bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding Mauddud Waterflood Performance in a Heterogeneous Carbonate Reservoir with Surveillance Data and Ensemble of Analytical Tools
Authors: Konwar Lakshi , AlOwainati Ebrahim , AlAnaisis Isa , Nemmawi Nadia , Michael Dowen
Published: March 2019

The Bahrain Oil Field was the first oil discovery in the Gulf Region in 1932 and is now in a mature stage of development. Crestal gas injection in the oil bearing, under saturated, layered and heavily faulted carbonate Mauddud reservoir has continued to be the dominant drive mechanism since 1938. Thirty eight 40 acre 5-spot waterflood patterns were implemented from 2011 to 2012. These patterns were located in both the South East and North West part of the Mauddud reservoir with a maximum injection rate of 80,000 bbl/day. With less than 10% PV water injected as of December 2012, premature water breakthrough was observed in most of the producers. Rapid water breakthrough in Mauddud A (Ba) is attributed to presence of high permeability vugs and layers resulting in water cycling and poor sweep in the matrix leaving bypassed oil. Following recommendations from the 2013 partner Peer Assist, the South East and North West waterfloods have been converted from pattern to peripheral with downdip wells providing water injection. Peripheral re-alignment has arrested the production decline, reduced water cut and stabilized production.

Surveillance data such as bottomhole pressure data, production logs, reservoir saturation logs, temperature logs and tracer data form the basis of understanding waterflood performance. Additionally, an array of analytical tools were used for diagnosis and analysis. Amongst the diagnostic tools, the Y- function helped to understand water cycling and sweep; the modified-Hall plot assisted in understanding the high-permeability channel or lack thereof and the water-oil-ratio (WOR) provided the clue on fluid displacement. Additional plots such as the "X" plot, decline curve, Cobb plot, pore volume injected vs. recovery, Jordan plot, and Stagg's plot were generated to gain insight on the waterflood.

Based on the waterflood analysis, a field study was initiated in December 2016 by shutting more than 80% of water injection followed by complete shut-in in September 2017. The purpose was to reduce the water cut, improve production taking advantage of gravity drainage effect of gas injectors located up dip of waterflood areas. The implementation of water injection shut-in is still ongoing in the Bahrain Field and pressure/production performance is being closely monitored. Improved production performance is observed following water injection shut-in.

This study underscores the importance of modern analytical tools to diagnose and analyze waterflood performance. This understanding also paves the way for much improved learning to take appropriate actions and help devise long-term reservoir management strategy.
Turnaround Inspections Performance Measurement Tool
Authors: Cankara Ilker , Al-Azmi Meshaal
Published: March 2019

Turnaround Inspections, or alternatively called Testing and Inspection (T&I) activities are critically important for the integrity of oil and gas facilities, and if not planned and executed properly, can easily lead to catastrophic failures that may possibly result in injuries, fatalities, property damage, and production losses. Measuring the performance of the teams planning and conducting T&Is, and feeding the measurement findings into the existing plans to achieve continuous improvement, is key to the success of these operations posing high risk. This paper provides detailed information on the structure, design criteria, applicability, and benefits of a T&I Performance measurement tool, developed for a hydrocarbon producing department running several gas oil separation, gas compression and utility plants, and continuously performing T&Is of various magnitudes, based on annual equipment inspection schedules. During the design and development stage, several expectations from Operational Excellence Program, Safety Management System, and Corporate Maintenance Council, were incorporated into the tool. The mentioned alignment with various management systems strengthens the measurement coverage, and if used properly, the tool can bridge multiple gaps identified in various programs. The tool provides a single dashboard "T&I KPI" in the form of a composite index, expressed with four (4) major components, which are namely, HSE (Health, Safety and Environment), Cost& Profitability, Reliability, and Effectiveness. These major components are further broken down to planning and executional success factors, obtained from the actual worksite data and planning compliance checklists. Accidents recorded, availability of job safety analysis, confined space, scaffold, and critical lift plans, compliance to corporate requirements prior to execution of the work, work quality, scheduling performance, and budgetary discipline are among the success factors that feed into the performance readiness and execution measurement calculations. The tool can be utilized for T&I activities governed by an annual schedule, a set of critical equipment to be opened up during planned/unplanned shutdowns, or for a multi-component unit with its associated equipment to be tested and inspected under a single scope, such as a gas compressor system. It drives actions as different aspects of the T&I activities are reviewed with a solid scoring methodology that clearly indicates the areas of improvement, which can then be addressed with corrective actions to prevent reoccurrence. Continuous and consistent utilization of the tool can lead to reduction in the accident frequencies, T&I durations, and outages of critical equipment, vessels, and storage tanks, which could possibly impact plant output rates.
Maximizing the Use of Rock Mechanical Data through Empirical Correlation and Data-Driven Analytics
Authors: Khan Khaqan , Almarri Misfer , Al-Qahtani Adel , Syed Shujath Ali , Negara Ardiansyah , Jin Guodong
Published: March 2019

Rock mechanical properties are required as an input in many petroleum engineering applications, such as borehole stability analysis, hydraulic fracturing design, and sand production prediction. Their determination is commonly from various laboratory testing performed on subsurface rock samples. Due to the scarcity of reservoir samples and test cost, rock mechanical data are always very limited. Therefore, empirical correlations are very often used to estimate the mechanical properties from downhole logging measurements. Alternatively, the data-driven analytics techniques have been developed for predicting rock properties from other formation properties that can be determined directly from logs.

This paper presents a study of developing correlation equations and data-driven models that are used to predict the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) from logging data. Various rock mechanical tests including UCS, single- and multi-stage triaxial tests are performed on sandstone samples from three wells in one region. UCS values are obtained either from the UCS testing directly or from the Mohr-Coulomb failure analysis indirectly. Rock properties, such as mineralogy, porosity, grain and bulk density, ultrasonic wave velocities, are measured for each tested sample, which are used to build the correlations and data-driven analytical models for predicting UCS. Results shows that the empirical correlations are not universal and often cannot be used without some modifications, while the data-driven model is more generalized in application. In addition, data quality is very crucial for building correlations or predictive models.
Hydrajet-Based Fracturing Treatment in Unconventional Wells
Authors: Surjaatmadja Jim B.
Published: March 2019

The success of resource shale development has drawn much attention to develop new technologies to economize the extensive fracturing treatments required to make commercial wells. While a single planar hydraulic fracture is the objective in conventional wells, generating a complex fracturing network is commonly the goal when fracturing unconventional wells. Therefore, in shale formations, it is required to establish connectivity to natural fractures and beddings to generate large Stimulated Reservoir Volume (SRV). Two main staged fracturing techniques have been implemented to complete horizontal wells drilled in the challenging unconventional reservoirs: plug-and-perf and sliding sleeves. This paper presents a technique for effective fracture stimulation, including hydrajetting for fracture initiation, then continuous injection for fracture propagation.

Hydrajetting is used to place singular or dual miniholes of approximately 2-in. ID and 2 ft penetration depth to bypass the near wellbore stress field and focus the energy on generating SRV at a distance away from the disturbed near wellbore stress field (due to drilling effects). The procedure involves two steps: hydrajetting at a given depth using coiled tubing equipped with a gravity-oriented jetting tool, and then fracturing by pumping through both the annulus and the jetting tool. Large miniholes offer minimizing the energy loss created by conventional perforations, avoiding tortuous path generation, minimizing possibilities for near wellbore screen-out, and generating complex fracture networks.

This paper discusses the unique mechanics of the new procedure aimed at creating large SRV in shale formations. The new technique is fairly easy to implement and the beneficial impact could be substantial. The technique and resulting benefits in fracture stimulation of shale reservoirs will be presented.
Predicting and Detecting Equipment Malfunctions using Machine Learning
Authors: Bangert Patrick
Published: March 2019

Condition Monitoring usually analyzes each tag individually using limit values provided by human experts. This results in false alarms and unhealthy conditions that are not alarmed. Using machine learning techniques, all tags on a piece of equipment, such as gas and steam turbines, compressors, pumps, valves, heat exchangers and so on, can be analyzed as a single coherent whole to draw conclusions about its current state of health. A mathematical model of the relevant tag is learned using the other tags of the same equipment. This model represents the equipment as a whole and its behavior when it is operating as it should as only data from known healthy operations are used for learning. The computed value is compared to the measured value. If they agree, the current state is healthy. If they do not, an alarm is released, and a maintenance activity must follow. This method is proven to be far more successful than standard condition monitoring in preventing false alarms and alarming unhealthy states.
Optimization of Energy Recovery from Geothermal Reservoirs Undergoing Re-Injection: Conceptual Application in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Santoso Ryan , Hoteit Hussein , Vahrenkamp Volker
Published: March 2019

The tectonic setting of Saudi Arabia enriches the country with significant geothermal resources, such as those in Al-Lith and Jizan in the southwestern area. Recently, there has been interest to explore the geothermal potential to diversify the country's energy-mix, which is driven by the Kingdom's Vision 2030. One key challenge in geothermal systems is in their low efficiency compared to traditional hydrocarbon-fired plants. This inefficiency is related to the thermal flow behavior in the subsurface and to the energy conversion technology at the surface. In this study, we provide a workflow for feasibility assessment of geothermal reservoir development with potential application in Saudi Arabia.

The proposed workflow is within the Design of Experiment (DoE) framework, which allows conducting numerous simulations with low computational cost. Computations are performed using a proxy modeling approach, which reflects a multidimensional response-surface emerging from the optimization problem. Two steps in the workflow were found to be critical. First, identify and select the most significant uncertainty parameters to focus the design. Second, address the nonlinearity of the problem by filling up any potential gaps within the response space. In this work, two-level folded Plackett-Burman design is used to identify and select the most significant parameters relative to the energy recovery and enthalpy production factors. Three-level Taguchi design is then applied to create a more rigorous proxy model. We used a space-filling technique to address lack of sampling and nonlinearity in the response surface. Monte Carlo simulations are performed, at the final stage, to generate probabilistic forecasts under uncertainties.

The energy recovery factor and the enthalpy production behavior are found to be influenced by the volume of the reservoir, rock permeability and porosity, heterogeneity, well spacing, and fluid production rate. Our Monte Carlo simulations show that, at the Jizan's geothermal conditions, the energy recovery factor is within 12% to 24%, which is encouraging as they are above the typical recovery factor of 10%-17% worldwide.
Effects of Low Versus Standard Pressure Pneumoperitoneum on Renal Syndecan-1 Shedding and VEGF Receptor-2 Expression in Living-donor Nephrectomy: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Aditianingsih Dita , Mochtar Chaidir Arif , Lydia Aida , Siregar Nuryati Chairani , Margyaningsih Nur Ita , Madjid Amir Sjarifuddin , Suwarto Suhendro
Published: March 2019

Background Laparoscopic nephrectomy is a preferable technique for living kidney donation. However, due to increased systemic inflammation, endothelial vascular response, and renal tubular injury, positive-pressure pneumoperitoneum may have an unfavourable effect on the remaining kidney and other distant organs. Early detection of renal injury due to increased intraabdominal pressure induced by pneumoperitoneum is needed. This study aimed to assess the effect of low intraabdominal pressure on kidney injury prevention. Transperitoneal laparoscopic living donor nephrectomy was used as a human model of mild increasing intraabdominal pressure. We compared the effects of low and standard pressure pneumoperitoneum on the shedding of syndecan-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) expression, as these are potential early markers of renal tubular and vascular endothelial cell injury due to a systemic inflammatory response. Methods We conducted a prospective randomized study on 44 patients undergoing laparoscopic donor nephrectomy. Subjects were assigned to standard (12 mmHg) or low-pressure (8 mmHg) groups. Baseline, intraoperative, and postoperative plasma interleukin-6, syndecan-1, and sVEGFR-2 were quantified by ELISA. Syndecan-1 and VEGFR-2 expression was assessed immunohistochemically in renal cortex tissue, and renal tubule and peritubular capillary ultrastructure was examined using electron microscopy. Perioperative hemodynamic changes, end-tidal CO2, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and urinary KIM-1 were recorded. Results The low-pressure group showed significantly lower intra- and postoperative heart rate, intraoperative plasma IL-6, and sVEGFR-2 levels than the standard pressure group. Although statistically insignificant, plasma syndecan-1 was also lower in the low-pressure group. Proximal tubule syndecan-1 expression was significantly higher in the low-pressure group. VEGFR-2 expression in the proximal and distal tubules and peritubular capillary endothelium was significantly lower in the low-pressure group. The low-pressure group showed better morphological renal tubule and peritubular capillary ultrastructure. Conclusion The low-pressure pneumoperitoneum reduced the shedding of syndecan-1 and VEGFR-2 expression, which are the potential early markers of renal tubular and vascular endothelial injury due to a systemic inflammatory response in laparoscopic nephrectomy. Trial registration ClinicalTrial.gov NCT:03219398 on July 17th 2017.
Prevalence of sleep disorders in Parkinson’s disease patients in Ethiopia
Authors: Melka Dereje , Tafesse Abenet , Bower James H. , Assefa Demeke
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
Background: Non motor symptoms (NMS) of Parkinson’s disease (PD) are common and can be more disabling than motor symptoms. Sleep disorders can be seen in up to 98% of patients with Parkinson disease. Poor sleep quality has been associated with poverty and race, and yet there has been no prior report on sleep disorders in those with PD living in sub Saharan Africa. We wished to document the prevalence of sleep disorders in PD patients in Ethiopia.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional point prevalence study from July 1 to October 30, 2015 of all patients attending the neurology outpatient department in Tikur Anbessa and Zewuditu Memorial Hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Demographic data, clinical history and physical examination findings were collected from participants using a structured questionnaire. We used the Parkinson’s disease sleep scale version two (PDSS-2) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) to assess the sleep symptoms.

Results: Of the 155 patients surveyed, all patients reported some sleep problem. Over 23% of patients had a PDSS score > 30. Hoehn and Yahr score > 3 (OR 6.16; 95% CI 1.59-23.9, p=0.009) and PD symptom duration > 5 yrs (OR 5.11; 95% CI 1.41-18.5, p=.013) associated with a high PDSS-2 score. The median score of ESS was 9 (IQR = 5-12), with 77/155 (49.7%) of the patients having possible or definite excessive daytime somnolence.
Conclusions: In Ethiopian PD patients, the prevalence of those with severe sleep disorders is the highest reported to date. The prevalence of possible/definite EDS is amongst the highest in the world. Further investigation into whether poverty or race explains this finding is needed.

Keywords: Parkinson’s disease, Sleep disorders, Africa, poverty
La tensión entre una espiritualidad desde abajo y una espiritualidad desde arriba. Paradojas de la Exhortación Apostólica Amoris Laetitia
Authors: Basualto Porra Lorena
Published: March 2019

El artículo busca analizar la paradoja que se puede descubrir en Amoris Laetitia entre una espiritualidad desde abajo y una espiritualidad desde arriba. El Papa Francisco busca romper esta tensión entre el ideal y la realidad a través del desarrollo de una espiritualidad familiar que se encuentra con Dios a partir de las flaquezas, de la incapacidad e incluso de los pecados. Ahora bien, cuando se refiere a temas propios de la moral conyugal y familiar, no puede sino articularlo desde arriba, es decir, desde un ideal determinado que muchas veces prescinde del acercamiento fenomenológico, sin embargo, la paradoja encuentra caminos de solución a través de su concepción de la conciencia y el discernimiento.
La inclusión y la inteligencia espiritual en la Universidad del posconflicto en Colombia
Authors: Cabrales Salazar Omar
Published: March 2019

El presente artículo de reflexión es fruto de la investigación: La Universidad del Futuro en Colombia, donde se planteó entre otros objetivos realizar un análisis de prospectiva sobre el futuro de la Universidad colombiana en un escenario de diez años, en el marco de tres cuestionamientos esenciales: ¿qué enseñar?, ¿cómo enseñar?, y ¿cuándo enseñar? Desde un enfoque cualitativo, se aplicaron encuestas y entrevistas a docentes y estudiantes de diez universidades públicas y privadas colombianas, en cinco ciudades: Bogotá, Cali, Medellín, Cartagena y Manizales. Como resultado del análisis de dos de las preguntas de la encuesta: 1. ¿En qué áreas deberá enfocarse la Universidad del futuro en Colombia para formar profesionales?, y 2. ¿en cuáles competencias personales deberá formar principalmente la Universidad del futuro? Se argumenta sobre la necesidad de implementar una formación en inteligencia emocional, así mismo, de crear una Universidad más incluyente que abra sus espacios a la variedad de agentes que saldrán de la esfera del conflicto para incorporarse a la sociedad civil y de la apertura hacia la tolerancia que tendrá que llevar a cabo. En tal sentido, se sugiere la incorporación de la inteligencia intrapersonal, emocional y espiritual como una posibilidad de desarrollo de las dimensiones trascendentes de sus estudiantes, sin importar su filiación religiosa.
La Resiliencia como Vivencia del Reino de Dios
Authors: Rosas Jiménez Carlos Alberto
Published: March 2019

La Resiliencia como Vivencia del Reino de Dios
A case of prenatal diagnosis of an unbalanced karyotype in a fetus with
partial trisomy 12q22qter in the first trimester of pregnancy
in the family carriers of reciprocal translocations
Authors: O.A. Gromyko, E.I. Golovataya, I.V. Novikova
Published: March 2019

A case of prenatal diagnosis of partial trisomy 12q22qter in the first trimester of pregnancy is presented.
The unbalanced karyotype of the fetus 46,XX,der(10)t(10;12)(p25;q22)mat was as a result of the mother's
carrier balanced translocation. The data of ultrasound, cytogenetic and pathoanatomic studies are presented.
Cystic hygroma of the neck as an alternative sourse of cells
for prenatal karyotyping
Authors: L.A. Êhlevnaya, S.A. Malova, N.V. Mazurik, N.Z. Malykhina
Published: March 2019

The results of studies about the possibility of using liquid from the fetal cystic hygroma of the neck for
prenatal karyotyping are presented. Aspiration of fetal cystic formations was carry out by five women. A standard method for producing monolayer cell cultures with their own modifications was used for the work. In all
cases, the chromosomal pathology of the fetus was confirmed 45,X. There were noted the specific features of
the cultivation of various fluid's samples. The reasons that could influence on the change in the cultivation
period were analyzed.
Can Testicular Size Be a Predictive Factor for Successful Sperm Retrieval in Patients with Non Obstructive Azoospermia?
Authors: Yumusak Omer , Cinar Mehmet , Kahyaoglu Serkan , Tasci Yasemin , Buyuk Gul Nihal , Oksuzoglu Aysegul
Published: March 2019

Objective: Non-obstructive azoospermia, defined as absence of spermatozoa in the ejaculate caused by impaired spermatogenesis, is the most severe cause of male infertility. It is typically presented as high serum follicle stimulating hormone levels and atrophic testis. The combination of intracytoplasmic sperm injection and Microdissection testicular sperm extraction allows these infertile men the opportunity to have their own children from their own testis. Our aim was to evaluate the outcomes of micro-Testicular sperm extraction in men with atrophic testis.Study Design: The medical records of 80 non-obstructive men with azoospermia who underwent micro-TESE were retrospectively evaluated. We assessed clinical parameters; age, duration of infertility, smoking, chromosomal karyotype, Y chromosome microdeletion, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, total testosterone and testicular volume in relation with Microdissection testicular sperm extraction results.Results: Testicular sperm retrieval rate was 53% in 80 patients. Testicular volume, serum follicle stimulating hormone and total testosterone concentrations showed correlation with the results of sperm retrieval. These three parameters were found to be significant risk factors with testicular sperm extraction negative patients (p<0.001). The odds ratios (95% CI) were 6.39 (1.25–26.58), 1.24 (1.11-1.36), 1.13 (0.99-1.21) respectively. Testicular volume was found to be a discriminative parameter in patients with negative sperm retrieval. The cut-off point was established as 6.75 ml for testicular volume with 88.1% sensitivity, 62.1% specificity.Conclusion: Microdissection testicular sperm extraction is the most effective procedure for patients with non-obstructive azoospermia. Testicular volume, serum follicle stimulating hormone and testosterone levels can be predictive factors for sperm retrieval in men with non-obstructive azoospermia.
Virulence determinants in genetically heterogeneous populations of Aeromonads recovered from an urban lagoon
Authors: de Melo Rodrigues Sobral Mariana , Barreto Camila , Bianco Kayo , de Oliveira Samara Sant'Anna , Clementino Maysa Mandetta
Published: March 2019

The diversity and distribution of Aeromonas spp. associated with virulence profiles from the Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon were investigated using phylogenetic analysis of gyrB/rpoB gene sequences for speciation. The concatenated gyrB/rpoB gene sequences clustered into five species: Aeromonas punctata/caviae (n = 37), A. hydrophila (n = 10), A. dhakensis (n = 16), A. jandaei (n = 1) and A. enteropelogenes/trota (n = 3). The virulence genes (atc/aerA/hlyA/asp/amp) resulted in 19 virulence profiles, distributed heterogeneously among the five Aeromonas species. Out of the 67 isolates, 16% presented five distinct profiles carrying four virulence genes and 7% showed all genes investigated. The hemolytic genes were detected as follows: act 54% (37/67), aerA 36% (24/67), hlyA 26% (18/67) and proteolytic genes such as asp 36% (24/57) and amp in 85% (57/67) were widely distributed in lagoon sampling stations. Meanwhile, 88% (59/67) and 92% (62/67) of the isolates showed hemolytic and proteolytic activity, respectively. Our results demonstrated that concatenated sequences of the gyrB and rpoB genes showed to be an adequate approach for the Aeromonas speciation and prevalence. The high heterogeneity of virulence genes among the species resulted in several virulence profiles, as well as high percentages of hemolytic and proteolytic activity, demonstrating the necessity of further epidemiological surveys of Aeromonas species pathogenicity in an aquatic recreational lagoon.
Biosimilars of Adalimumab in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Are we Ready for that?
Authors: Argollo Marjorie , Fiorino Gionata , Gilardi Daniela , Furfaro Federica , Roda Giulia , Loy Laura , Allocca Mariangela , Peyrin-Biroulet Laurent , Danese Silvio
Published: March 2019

Introduction:

Biosimilars present a considerable potential to reduce costs related to clinical management
allowing health-care providers to reinvest this money, leading to a wider access to an effective biological
treatment with monoclonal antibodies (mAb). Infliximab biosimilars have already been incorporated in daily
clinical practice and are currently used in all indications for which the reference product (RP) was approved.

Areas covered:

In the next few years, also adalimumab biosimilars will become available for the treatment of
inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In fact, several of them (ABP501, BI 695501, GP2017, and SB5) have been
approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) with the same indications of the reference product (Humira
®). Initial preclinical data proved a strong similarity between all biosimilars and the RP. Moreover, phase 3
studies in rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis showed no differences in terms of efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity.
Data on IBD patients are urgently needed.

Expert opinion:

Biosimilars of adalimumab showed equivalent clinical efficacy to the RP in other immunemediated
diseases. However, defining the ideal patient’s profile to receive or to be switched to a biosimilar,
choosing one biosimilar vs. another, or cross-switching among biosimilars, will become the next challenge in
IBD.
Are We Ready to Include Prognostic Factors in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Trials?
Authors: Lindholm Christopher R. , Siegel Corey A.
Published: March 2019

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by periodic episodes
of flares and remission. Treatment is aimed at healing the bowel, to ultimately decrease hospitalization
rates, need for surgeries and overall disability. In more recent years, treatment has transitioned from a reactive
approach to a more proactive approach focusing on treating disease earlier and preventing complications. The
challenge lies in identifying patients who need more intensive treatment early and trying to determine who will
respond to which medications. Biomarkers and clinical activity scoring systems can be used to help guide treatment
decisions. However, IBDs are very heterogeneous and the significance of these biomarkers can be difficult
to discern on an individual basis. Recently, prognostic tools have been developed to aid in determining a patient’s
prognosis as well as their likelihood to respond to different therapies. Despite this progress, clinical trials have not
routinely adopted this approach in their study design. Tools for stratification of disease severity and to personalize
treatment choices have the potential to improve our studies both by enriching the patient population and further
guiding clinical decision making in practice. This review aims to discuss biomarkers, current prognosticating
tools, tools that determine response to therapy and how incorporating these into clinical trials will be beneficial.
An Update on the Association of Protein Kinases with Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Amin Fakhra , Ahmed Azaj , Feroz Anna , Khaki Peerzada Shariq Shaheen , Khan Mohd Shahnwaz , Tabrez Shams , Zaidi Syed Kashif , Abdulaal Wesam H. , Shamsi Anas , Khan Wajihullah , Bano Bilqees
Published: March 2019

Background:

Protein kinases are the enzymes involved in phosphorylation of different proteins which leads to functional changes in those proteins. They belong to serine-threonine kinases family and are classified into the AGC (Protein kinase A/ Protein kinase G/ Protein kinase C) families of protein and Rho-associated kinase protein (ROCK). The AGC family of kinases are involved in G-protein stimuli, muscle contraction, platelet biology and lipid signaling. On the other hand, ROCK regulates actin cytoskeleton which is involved in the development of stress fibres. Inflammation is the main signal in all ROCK-mediated disease. It triggers the cascade of a reaction involving various proinflammatory cytokine molecules.

Methods:

Two ROCK isoforms are found in mammals and invertebrates. The first isoforms are present mainly in the kidney, lung, spleen, liver, and testis. The second one is mainly distributed in the brain and heart.

Results:

ROCK proteins are ubiquitously present in all tissues and are involved in many ailments that include hypertension, stroke, atherosclerosis, pulmonary hypertension, vasospasm, ischemia-reperfusion injury and heart failure. Several ROCK inhibitors have shown positive results in the treatment of various disease including cardiovascular diseases.

Conclusion:

ROCK inhibitors, fasudil and Y27632, have been reported for significant efficiency in dropping vascular smooth muscle cell hyper-contraction, vascular inflammatory cell recruitment, cardiac remodelling and endothelial dysfunction which highlight ROCK role in cardiovascular diseases.
Prunella vulgaris: A Comprehensive Review of Chemical Constituents, Pharmacological Effects and Clinical Applications
Authors: Wang Su-Juan , Wang Xiao-He , Dai Yuan-Yuan , Ma Ming-Hua , Rahman Khalid , Nian Hua , Zhang Hong
Published: March 2019

Prunella vulgaris (PV) is a perennial herb belonging to the Labiate family and is widely distributed in
the northeastern Asian countries such as Korea, Japan, and China. It is reported to display diverse biological
activities including anti-microbial, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammation as determined by in vitro or in vivo studies.
So far, about 200 compounds have been isolated from PV plant and a majority of these have been characterized
mainly as triterpenoids, sterols and flavonoids, followed by coumarins, phenylpropanoids, polysaccharides and
volatile oils. This review summarizes and analyzes the current knowledge on the chemical constituents, pharmacological
activities, mechanisms of action and clinical applications of the PV plant including its potential as a
future medicinal plant. Although some of the chemical constituents of the PV plant and their mechanisms of
action have been investigated, the biological activities of many of these remain unknown and further clinical trials
are required to further enhance its reputation as a medicinal plant.
A Stack Autoencoders Based Deep Neural Network Approach for Cervical Cell Classification in Pap-Smear Images
Authors: Singh Sanjay K. , Goyal Anjali
Published: March 2019

Background:

Early detection of cervical cancer may give life to women all over the
world. Pap-smear test and Human papillomavirus test are techniques used for the detection and prevention
of cervical cancer.

Objective:

In this paper, pap-smear images are analysed and cells are classified using stacked autoencoder
based deep neural network. Pap-smear cells are classified into 2 classes and 4 classes. Twoclass
classification includes classification of cells in normal and abnormal cells while four-class
classification includes classification of cells in normal cells , mild dysplastic cells, moderate dysplastic
cells and severe dysplastic cells.

Methods:

The features are extracted by deep neural networks based on their architecture. Proposed
deep neural networks consist of three stacked auto encoders with hidden sizes 512, 256 and 128, respectively.
Softmax used as the outer layer for the classification of pap smear cells.
Results: Average accuracy achieved for 2-class classification among normal and abnormal cells is
98.2 % while for 4-class classification among normal, mild, moderate and severe dysplastic cells is
93.8 % respectively.

Conclusion:

The proposed approach avoids image segmentation and feature extraction applied by
previous works. This study highlights deep learning as an important tool for cells classification of
pap-smear images. The accuracy of the proposed method may vary with the different combination of
hidden size and number of autoencoders.
Antidotes Against Methanol Poisoning: A Review
Authors: Pohanka Miroslav
Published: March 2019

Methanol is the simplest alcohol. Compared to ethanol that is fully detoxified by metabolism. Methanol gets activated in toxic products by the enzymes, alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase. Paradoxically, the same enzymes convert ethanol to harmless acetic acid. This review is focused on a discussion and overview of the literature devoted to methanol toxicology and antidotal therapy. Regarding the antidotal therapy, three main approaches are presented in the text: 1) ethanol as a competitive inhibitor in alcohol dehydrogenase; 2) use of drugs like fomepizole inhibiting alcohol dehydrogenase; 3) tetrahydrofolic acid and its analogues reacting with the formate as a final product of methanol metabolism. All the types of antidotal therapies are described and how they protect from toxic sequelae of methanol is explained.
Necrotizing Enterocolitis: Long Term Complications
Authors: Bazacliu Catalina , Neu Josef
Published: March 2019

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains the most threatening gastrointestinal complication
of prematurity leading to high mortality, morbidity and cost. Common complications of NEC
include neurodevelopmental delay, failure to thrive, gastrointestinal problems including strictures
and adhesions, cholestasis, short bowel syndrome with or without intestinal failure that can be difficult
to manage. Infants who develop NEC benefit from close follow-up for early diagnosis and
treatment of complications. Those who present with severe complications such as intestinal failure
benefit from a multidisciplinary approach involving careful assessment and treatment. Studies done
so far are limited in providing a long-term prognosis. Here we review some of these complications.
More studies with a longer follow-up period are needed to better understand the later comorbidities
that develop in babies with NEC.
Sepsis: From Historical Aspects to Novel Vistas. Pathogenic and Therapeutic Considerations
Authors: Magrone Thea , Jirillo Emilio
Published: March 2019

Background:

Sepsis is a clinical condition due to an infectious event which leads to an early hyper-inflammatory phase followed by a status of tolerance or immune paralysis. Hyper-inflammation derives from a massive activation of immune (neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells and lymphocytes) and non-immune cells (platelets and endothelial cells) in response to Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and fungi.

Discussion:

A storm of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species accounts for the systemic inflammatory response syndrome. In this phase, bacterial clearance may be associated with a severe organ failure development. Tolerance or compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndrome (CARS) depends on the production of anti-inflammatory mediators, such as interleukin-10, secreted by T regulatory cells. However, once triggered, CARS, if prolonged, may also be detrimental to the host, thus reducing bacterial clearance.

Conclusion:

In this review, the description of pathogenic mechanisms of sepsis is propaedeutic to the illustration of novel therapeutic attempts for the prevention or attenuation of experimental sepsis as well as of clinical trials. In this direction, inhibitors of NF-κB pathway, cell therapy and use of dietary products in sepsis will be described in detail.
Gender Perspectives on Social Norms Surrounding Teen Pregnancy: A Thematic Analysis of Social Media Data (Preprint)
Authors: Barker Kathryn M , Subramanian S V , Selman Robert , Austin S Bryn
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND

Social concern with teen pregnancy emerged in the 1970s, and today’s popular and professional health literature continues to draw on social norms that view teen pregnancy as a problem—for the teen mother, her baby, and society. It is unclear, however, how adolescents directly affected by teen pregnancy draw upon social norms against teen pregnancy in their own lives, whether the norms operate differently for girls and boys, and how these social norms affect pregnant or parenting adolescents.

OBJECTIVE

This research aims to examine whether and how US adolescents use, interpret, and experience social norms against teen pregnancy.

METHODS

Online ethnographic methods were used for the analysis of peer-to-peer exchanges from an online social network site designed for adolescents. Data were collected between March 2010 and February 2015 (n=1662). Thematic analysis was conducted using NVivo software.

RESULTS

American adolescents in this online platform draw on dominant social norms against teen pregnancy to provide rationales for why pregnancy in adolescence is wrong or should be avoided. Rationales range from potential socioeconomic harms to life-course rationales that view adolescence as a special, carefree period in life. Despite joint contributions from males and females to a pregnancy, it is primarily females who report pregnancy-related concerns, including experiences of bullying, social isolation, and fear.

CONCLUSIONS

Peer exchange in this online forum indicates that American adolescents reproduce prevailing US social norms of viewing teen pregnancy as a social problem. These norms intersect with the norms of age, gender, and female sexuality. Female adolescents who transgress these norms experience bullying, shame, and stigma. Health professionals must ensure that strategies designed to prevent unintended adolescent pregnancy do not simultaneously create hardship and stigma in the lives of young women who are pregnant and parent their children.
Pembelian Impulsif pada Remaja Akhir Ditinjau dari Kontrol Diri
Authors: Afandi Ardian Rahman , Hartati Sri
Published: March 2019

This study aims to examine the role of self-control on impulsive buying among late adolescence. The hypothesis of this study is that self-control has a role on impulsive buying. Five hundred and nine subjects consisted of freshmen from 18 faculties and 1 vocational school participated in this study. Measuring instruments used in this study were adapted from an impulsive buying scale and a self-control scale. The results of this study can be concluded that self-control has a role on impulsive buying among late adolescence. Additional analysis indicates that there were differences in impulsive buying rates in gender group and the amount of money that they received monthly from parents, while the difference in self-control rates was shown in the cluster group
Peranan Wisdom terhadap Subjective Well-Being pada Dewasa Awal
Authors: Intani Zahra Farida , Indati Aisah
Published: March 2019

Subjective well-being is one of the topics of positive psychology studies related to one’s quality of life, while wisdom is the highest ability that one can have from their life experiences. This study aimed to determine the contribution of  wisdom on subjective well-being in early adulthood. The hypothesis proposed in this study was wisdom contributes positively toward subjective well-being in early adulthood. Participants of the study (N = 158) were undergraduate students (female = 98, male = 60) who are working on their final project (thesis). Data was collected using Skala Kesejahteraan Subjektif developed by Utami and the adaptation of The Three Dimensional Wisdom Scale (3D-WS). Result showed that wisdom significantly predicted subjective well-being in positive direction.
Makna Peran Gender bagi Suami Peserta Program Laki-Laki Peduli di Gunungkidul Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Authors: Roosi Inggriani Leila , Minza Wenty Marina
Published: March 2019

The most Gunungkidul is a region that embraces the culture of Java and has a high number of domestic violence. Program Laki-Laki Peduli of Rifka Annisa Women Crises Center comes to Gunungkidul to encourages husbands in Gunungkidul to change their characteristic identity to fit the positive masculinity. That means there is a conflict between the new men concepts with the concept that has been owned by them before (traditional concept of gender). This study will discuss about that phenomenon. Through qualitative method and phenomenological approach, this study involved two subjects who are alumni of Program Laki-Laki Peduli. This study aims to understand the psychological meaning of the subjects' gender role after experiencing the clash of two different gender role concepts. The data were collected through semi-structured interview with the subjects and data triangulation (subject and time) with the wives of the subjects. The results of this study showed that gender role of new men concept can emerge if subjects face the circumstances "forced". Circumstances forced in this context are situations of socio-economic demands and personal motivations to cope with such situations.
Santa Anna y sus guerras con los angloamericanos. Las versiones de una larga polémica
Authors: VÁZQUEZ MANTECÓN MARÍA DEL CARMEN
Published: March 2019

ANTONIO LÓPEZ DE SANTA ANNA FUE UN PROTAGONISTA FUNDAMENTAL EN LA GUERRA QUE MÉXICO SOSTUVO CON LOS ESTADOS UNIDOS ENTRE 1846 Y 1848. ESTE TRABAJO ES UNA REVISIÓN DE LAS DIVERSAS VERSIONES QUE SE DIERON EN AQUEL TIEMPO TANTO EN MÉXICO COMO EN LOS ESTADOS UNIDOS SOBRE SU ACTUACIÓN DURANTE EL CONFLICTO Y ES ADEMÁS UN ANÁLISIS DE S PARTICULAR DESAFORTUNADA APUESTA PARA BURLAR A LOS ANGLOAMERICANOS. EL ASUNTO REVIVIÓ SENTIMIENTOS MUY IMPORTANTES RESPECTO DE LA PATRIA Y DE SER O NO PATRIOTA, Y MARCARÍA ENTRE LOS MEXICANOS DEL INICIO DE LA CONCIENCIA DE PERTENENCIA A UN TERRITORIO Y LA DEFENSA DE SU INTEGRIDAD.
La Constitución de 1857 y el golpe de estado de Comonfort
Authors: VILLEGAS SILVESTRE
Published: March 2019

EL GOBIERNO DE COMONFORT LLEVO ADELANTA TODO UN PROGRAMA DE REFORMAS LIBERALES QUE MODIFICO LAS INSTITUCIONES POLÍTICAS DE MÉXICO Y LO ENFRENTO CON LA JERARQUÍA ECLESIÁSTICA. ASIMISMO BRINDO EL APOYO NECESARIO PARA QUE EL CONGRESO ELABORARA LA CONSTITUCIÓN FEDERAL DE 1857. LAS INNOVACIONES QUE ELLA CONTENÍA, LAS CRITICAS CONSERVADORAS Y LOS ALZAMIENTOS MILITARES PROVOCARON QUE EL PRESIDENTE Y SU GABINETE ORGANIZARAN UN GOLPE DE ESTADO EN CONTRA DE LA CONSTITUCIÓN. TAL PROCEDIMIENTO FUE UN ERROR QUE LOS CONDENO AL MENOSPRECIO HISTÓRICO, Y PRODUJO LA TEMIDA GUERRA CIVIL.
Las elecciones de 1911, un ensayo democrático
Authors: ÁVILA ESPINOSA FELIPE ARTURO
Published: March 2019

EN MAYO DE 1911, LA RENUNCIA DE PORFIRIO DÍAZ A LA PRESIDENCIA COMO PRODUCTO DEL TRIUNFO DE LA REVOLUCIÓN MADERISTA ABRIÓ UN PERIODO CRUCIAL EN LA HISTORIA DEL PAÍS. EL RÉGIMEN INTERINO QUE SUSTITUYÓ AL PORFIRIATO TUVO COMO PRINCIPALES TAREAS LA PACIFICACIÓN DE LA REPÚBLICA, EL RESTABLECIMIENTO DE LAS INSTITUCIONES Y LA ORGANIZACIÓN DE ELECCIONES QUE PERMITIERAN LA RENOVACIÓN DE LAS AUTORIDADES Y QUE HICIERAN REALIDAD LOS POSTULADOS POLÍTICOS DE LA INSURRECCIÓN DE RESPETO AL VOTO. LAS ELECCIONES QUE SE REALIZARON DURANTE EL GOBIERNO INTERINO FUERON EL PRIMER INTENTO POR ORGANIZAR COMICIOS LIBRES DURANTE LA REVOLUCIÓN. EL BALANCE DE ESE PROCESO FUE POSITIVO, EN TÉRMINOS GENERALES, AUNQUE SE SIGUIERON PRESENTANDO PRÁCTICAS POLÍTICAS NOCIVAS QUE ERAN EXPRESIÓN DEL NIVEL QUE TENÍA LA CULTURA POLÍTICA MEXICANA DE LA ÉPOCA.
Mario Contreras Valdez, Reparto de tierras en Nayarit, 1916-1949: un proceso de ruptura y continuidad
Authors: SERRANO ÁLVAREZ PABLO
Published: March 2019

Reseña
El cristiano constitucional libertad, derecho y naturaleza en la retórica de Manuel de la Bárcena
Authors: ÁVILA ALFREDO
Published: March 2019

LA INTERVENCIÓN NAPOLEÓNICA EN ESPAÑA, EN 1808, PUSO FIN A UN ORDEN QUE PARECÍA INMUTABLE. LOS INTELECTUALES NOVOHISPANOS TUVIERON QUE EXPLICAR ESOS SUCESOS CON LAS HERRAMIENTAS MENTALES CON LAS CUALES HABÍAN SIDO EDUCADOS ¿CÓMO PENSAR LO IMPENSABLE? MANUEL DE LA BÁRCENA, ARCEDIANO DE LA CATEDRAL DE VALLADOLID, ES UN EJEMPLO DE CÓMO INTERPRETAR CIRCUNSTANCIAS SIN PRECEDENTES CON ELEMENTOS DISCURSIVOS TRADICIONALES. ESTE ARTÍCULO ARROJA LUZ SOBRE LAS IDEAS EN UNA ÉPOCA DE CRISIS, DESDE LA PERSPECTIVA DE LA NUEVA HISTORIA INTELECTUAL.
Un acuerdo entre caciques: la elección presidencial de Manuel González (1880)
Authors: VILLEGAS REVUELTAS SILVESTRE
Published: March 2019

EL ANÁLISIS DE CATEGORÍAS COMO ASCENDIENTE, PODER Y LEGITIMIDAD RESULTA INDISPENSABLE PARA COMPRENDER LA DIFÍCIL RELACIÓN ENTRE LOS PODERES LOCALES Y UN GOBIERNO CENTRAL. LA ELECCIÓN PRESIDENCIAL DE MANUEL GONZÁLEZ EN 1880 ES EL MEJOR EJEMPLO DE LA FORMA EN QUE SE COMBINARON LOS INTERESES DE LOS CACIQUES CON LA VISIÓN A LARGO PLAZO, NACIONAL Y DE CONCENTRACIÓN DE PODER VISLUMBRADA POR PORFIRIO DÍAZ.
Orígenes e instalación del sistema de jefaturas políticas en México 1786-1824
Authors: DELGADO AGUILAR FRANCISCO JAVIER
Published: March 2019

EL ARTÍCULO DESCRIBE EL PROCESO POLÍTICO-INSTITUCIONAL QUE ORIGINÓ EL ESTABLECIMIENTO DEL SISTEMA DE JEFATURAS POLÍTICAS EN MÉXICO A PRINCIPIOS DEL SIGLO XIX. SE ANALIZAN TANTO LOS PRINCIPALES ORDENAMIENTOS LEGALES DE LA ÉPOCA -CONSTITUCIONES, DECRETOS, LEYES ORGÁNICAS , ETCÉTERA- COMO EL CONTEXTO POLÍTICO QUE IMPERÓ EN EL PAÍS DURANTE LAS DÉCADAS DE 1810 Y 1820, FACTORES AMBOS QUE SANCIONARON Y PROPICIARON LA CREACIÓN DE UNA FIGURA DE CARÁCTER CENTRALIZADOR COMO LA DEL JEFE POLÍTICO EN EL SISTEMA DE GOBIERNO FEDERAL CREADO POR LA CONSTITUCIÓN DE 1824.
Un escribano sensible Hildebrando Jaimes Acuña
Authors: JAIMES ACUÑA HILDEBRANDO
Published: March 2019

ESTE ENSAYO BUSCA ESTABLECER EL GRADO DE CORRESPONDENCIA ENTRE LAS SUPUESTAS EXPERIENCIAS VITALES Y PROFESIONALES ADUCIDAS A LO LARGO DEL SIGLO XX COMO LA BASE DEL PENSAMIENTO POLÍTICO Y ECONÓMICO DE UN HOMBRE, Y LAS QUE , A PARTIR DE LA EVIDENCIA DOCUMENTAL, TENDRÍAMOS QUE CONSIDERAR COMO SUS VERDADERAS EXPERIENCIAS
Las reliquias y su héroes
Authors: VÁZQUEZ MANTECÓN MARÍA DEL CARMEN
Published: March 2019

EN ESTE ARTÍCULO SE DA CUENTA DE LA MANERA COMO LA SOCIEDAD MEXICANA DEL SIGLO XIX Y DE PRINCIPIOS DE L XX TRATÓ A LOS RESTOS MORTALES DE LOS LÍDERES QUE TUVIERON QUE VER CON EL MOVIMIENTO QUE LLEVÓ AL INICIO Y A LA CONSUMACIÓN DE LA INDEPENDENCIA DEL PAÍS. ASIMISMO APARECERÁN LOS RESTOS MORTALES DE TODOS LOS QUE FUERON CONSIDERADOS HÉROES DURANTE LA ÉPOCA DE LOS CAUDILLOS CRIOLLOS Y LAS FECHAS SIGNIFICATIVAS QUE SUS TIEMPOS POLÍTICOS ESTABLECIERON PARA CONMEMORAR SU HAZAÑA Y SUS RELIQUIAS. SE INCLUYEN, POR SUPUESTO, LOS AVATARES DE LA PIERNA AMPUTADA A ANTONIO LÓPEZ DE SANTA ANNA Y LAS HONRAS A LOS MILITARES QUE DEFENDIERON A LA PATRIA CUANDO LA GUERRA DE INVASIÓN DE LOS ESTADOS UNIDOS EN 1846-1847. SE TRATA ASIMISMO DE UN REPASO SOBRE LA IDEA DE HÉROE, PERO SOBRE TODO, DEL HECHO FUNDACIONAL POR EXCELENCIA QUE FUE LA EMANCIPACIÓN DE MÉXICO Y LA DEFENSA DE SU SOBERANÍA.