bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Celiac disease‐associated antibodies in patients with psoriasis and correlation with HLA Cw6
Authors: Singh Sangeeta , Sonkar Gyanendra Kumar , Usha  , Singh Sanjay
Published: July 2010

Etiopathology of psoriasis is not completely understood. Patients with psoriasis show elevated sensitivity to gluten. The aim of this study was to see the expression of celiac disease (CD)‐associated antibodies gliadin IgA, gliadin IgG, and tissue transglutaminase IgA, and their correlation with HLA Cw6 in patients with psoriasis. The study comprised 56 patients with psoriasis and 60 healthy controls (HC). The levels of antibodies were detected by using ELISA technique and HLA Cw6 typing was carried out by microcytotoxicity method. HLA Cw6 was significantly expressed in psoriasis cases when compared with HC (P<0.05). CD‐associated antibodies gliadin IgA/IgG and tissue transglutaminase IgA were significantly higher in the serum of patient with psoriasis when compared with HC (P<0.05, <0.05, and 0.01, respectively). Serum anti tissue transglutaminase IgA (anti tTG IgA) was significantly higher in females when compared with males and expressed more in elderly patients. There was a significant positive correlation among the antibodies (anti gliadin IgA with anti gliadin IgG: r=0.67, P<0.05; anti gliadin IgA with anti tTG IgA: r=0.45, P<0.05, anti gliadin IgG with anti tTG IgA: r=0.26, P<0.05, respectively), whereas insignificant with HLA Cw6. Our study concludes that latent CD or CD‐associated antibodies were present in patients with psoriasis and also concludes that HLA Cw6 has no association with expression of these antibodies in patients with psoriasis. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 24:269–272, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ischemia‐Modified albumin levels in patients with end‐stage renal disease patients on hemodialysis: does albumin analysis method affect albumin‐adjusted Ischemia‐Modified albumin levels?
Authors: Kıyıcı Aysel , Mehmetoğlu İdris , Karaoğlan Hatice , Atalay Hüseyin , Solak Yalçın , Türk Süleyman
Published: July 2010

Ischemia‐Modified albumin (IMA) has been used as an early marker in the evaluation of the patients with acute coronary syndrome. We aimed to evaluate IMA in end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on hemodialysis and the effect of albumin methods on albumin‐adjusted IMA levels. A total of 30 ESRD patients were included in this study. Serum IMA and albumin levels were measured before and after a hemodialysis session. Albumin concentrations were determined with bromocresol green and bromocresol purple methods. Postdialysis IMA and albumin‐adjusted IMA levels with two different albumin methods were significantly increased compared with the predialysis levels (P<0.05). However, we did not find any difference in albumin‐adjusted IMA levels in either at the beginning or at the end of the dialysis session. IMA levels increase after hemodialysis, whereas albumin method has no effect on albumin‐adjusted IMA levels. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 24:273–277, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analytical performance evaluation of ADVIA Chemistry Carbamazepine_2 assay: minimal cross‐reactivity with carbamazepine 10, 11‐epoxide and none with hydroxyzine or cetirizine
Authors: Dasgupta Amitava , Reyes Meredith A. , Davis Barbara G. , Marlow Anne M. , Johnson Myrtle
Published: July 2010

Carbamazepine is an anticonvulsant requiring routine therapeutic drug monitoring. Recently, Siemens Healthcare Diagnostic Division released a new carbamazepine assay: ADVIA Chemistry Carbamazepine_2 (Carbamazepine_2) for application on ADVIA analyzers. We evaluated the analytical performance of this assay as well as its potential cross‐reactivities with carbamazepine 10, 11‐epoxide, hydroxyzine, and cetirizine. The within‐run and between‐run precisions of the Carbamzepine‐2 assay were <6% and limit of detection was 0.5 µg/ml using ADVIA 1800 analyzer. The assay was linear up to a carbamazepine concentration of 20.0 µg/ml. The new method compared well with a widely used carbamazepine EMIT 2000 assay on the Hitachi 917 analyzer. Using 75 patients' specimens (where carbamazepine concentrations varied from 0.5 to 21.7 µg/ml) and carbamazepine EMIT 2000 as the reference method (x‐axis), we observed the following regression equation: y=1.04 x+0.32 (r=0.99). The new carbazepine_2 method was not affected by a hemoglobin concentration of 1,000 mg/dl, conjugated or unconjugated bilirubin concentration of 60 mg/dl, and triglyceride concentration of 1,000 mg/dl. In addition, this assay showed no cross‐reactivity with hydroxyzine or cetirizine and demonstrated minimal cross‐reactivity with carbamazepine 10, 11‐epoxide. We conclude that the ADVIA Chemistry carbamazepine_2 assay has adequate precision and accuracy for routine therapeutic drug monitoring of carbamazepine in clinical laboratories. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 24:278–282, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adolescents' sense of community on myspace and facebook: a mixed‐methods approach
Authors: Reich Stephanie M.
Published: July 2010

Communities are foundational to the field of Community Psychology yet they are difficult to define and measure. Once viewed as social groups with ties to geographical locations, online communities interact free of physical or face‐to‐face contact. This cyberexistence makes the study of communities more challenging. Social networking sites (SNS), such as Facebook and MySpace, are referred to as online communities; however, research has yet to explore whether these sites engender a psychological sense of community (PSC) for users. This study reanalyzes focus group and survey data from high school and college students to investigate whether uses of SNS demonstrate key components of PSC (i.e., membership, influence, immersion, shared emotional connection, and an integration and fulfillment of needs). This mixed‐method analysis synthesizes data through a top‐down (confirming PSC categories) and bottom‐up (identifying emergent patterns/themes) analytic procedure. Results suggest that typical adolescent uses of SNS represent networked individualism, rather than online communities. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Community life as a motive for migration from the urban center to the rural periphery in Israel
Authors: Arnon Sara , Shamai Shmuel
Published: July 2010

A white house topped by a red roof, set in a garden, surrounded by a lawn dotted with trees and shrubs—this is not just a child's naive drawing. It is the aspiration of many in the modern world, Israelis among them. This case study deals with the inner migration of families, mainly from the urban center of Israel, to rural communities in its northern periphery. It is also an opportunity to examine counter‐urbanization characteristics and motivations, which contribute to our understanding of the role of community in this process. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Latino family mental health: exploring the role of discrimination and familismo
Authors: Ayón Cecilia , Marsiglia Flavio F. , Bermudez‐Parsai Monica
Published: July 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine the role of discrimination andfamilismoon internalizing mental health symptoms among two generations of Latinos, youth and their parents, residing in the Southwest region of the United States. Data from the Latino Acculturation and Health Project was used to determine the direct and moderation effects of discrimination andfamilismoon internalizing mental health symptoms. The sample included 150 Latino youth–parent dyads who were immigrants or U.S. born. Descriptive results indicate that youth had significantly higher scores on the familismo scale whereas parents reported higher levels of perceived discrimination. Regression analyses results revealed direct effects of familismo and perceived discrimination on internalizing mental health symptoms. Implications for practice are discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of perceived neighborhood safety on proactive and reactive aggression
Authors: Fite Paula J. , Vitulano Michael , Wynn Porche' , Wimsatt Amber , Gaertner Alden , Rathert Jamie
Published: July 2010

The current study examined associations between perceived neighborhood safety and proactive and reactive subtypes of aggression while also considering peer delinquency and poor parental monitoring in a community recruited sample of 89 children (56% male) ranging from 9 to 12 years of age (M=10.44,SD=1.14). In addition, neighborhood safety was examined as a moderator of the associations between peer delinquency and poor parental monitoring and proactive and reactive aggression. Findings suggested that while peer delinquency was positively associated with both proactive and reactive aggression, perceived neighborhood safety was only associated with proactive aggression. Moreover, neighborhood safety moderated the association between peer delinquency and proactive aggression, such that the association between peer delinquency and proactive aggression was stronger in neighborhoods perceived as less safe when compared neighborhoods perceived as more safe. Implications for findings are discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Adolescent mental health consumers' self‐stigma: associations with parents' and adolescents' illness perceptions and parental stigma
Authors: Moses Tally
Published: July 2010

Currently, little is known about adolescents' self‐stigma experiences as mental health (MH) treatment recipients. Hence, this study addresses the following two questions: (a) what are adolescents' and parents' perceptions of stigma and perceptions of the cause, controllability, and anticipated outcome (illness perceptions) of adolescents' MH problems? (b) to what extent do illness perceptions (adolescents and parents) and parents' own stigma experiences relate to adolescents' self‐stigmatization? The results, based on data from separate interviews with a voluntary sample of 60 adolescent–parent dyads, clients of MH wraparound services, suggest that approximately 20% of adolescents and parents reported significant concerns related to self‐stigmatization. Using multivariate analyses, we found that the three most prominent factors associated with adolescents' self‐stigma ratings included adolescents' perceptions of social skill deficits and trauma as causal factors pertaining to their mental health challenges, as well as parents' inclination to conceal their child's MH problems from others. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Joven Noble: evaluation of a culturally focused youth development program
Authors: Tello Jerry , Cervantes Richard C. , Cordova David , Santos Susana M.
Published: July 2010

The purpose of this study was to describe and evaluate a promising program model, the Joven Nobel curriculum, for Latino male adolescents that promotes positive youth development and addresses prevention of a number of risk‐related sexual behaviors within a cultural context. A quasi‐experimental design was used that included a pre‐ and posttest assessment of 683 adolescent males. Results revealed that youth exposed to the 10‐week curriculum had significant increases in knowledge and decrease in behavior related to high risk sexual behaviors. Out of eight scale measures (ATSS, Perceived Risk, HIV Knowledge, CAPS: Talk, CAPS: Comfort Talk, CAPS: Cool Sex, ATA, Cultural Esteem, and Hombres Con Palabra) seven yielded a significant and positive outcome results. The curriculum appears effective in shaping youth's attitudes and beliefs about high‐risk sexual behaviors. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Investigation of soluble microbial products in anaerobic wastewater treatment effluents
Authors: Wu Bingtao , Zhou Weili
Published: July 2010

BACKGROUND: Anaerobic treatment of distillery wastewater, purified terephthalic acid (PTA) wastewater and synthetic glucose wastewater was conducted and the soluble microbial products (SMPs) in the anaerobic effluent were investigated.

RESULTS: Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) analysis showed that apart from the degradation residuals, the long chain alkanes, esters and acids totally accounted for the majority of the low molecular weight (MW) SMPs in the effluents. The sum of protein and polysaccharide SMPs in the effluent increased from 50 to 323 mg L−1 when organic loading rate (OLR) was increased from 2.5 to 10.5 kg m−3 d−1; when influent COD changed from 5000 to 10 000 mg L−1, the sum increased from 54 to 98 mg L−1 at about the same OLR of 5 kg m−3 d−1.

CONCLUSION: The results showed that SMPs made up an important proportion of organic compounds in the anaerobic effluents; the main low MW SMPs were long chain alkanes, esters and acids. The protein and polysaccharide SMPs increased with the increasing OLR, while higher influent concentrations led to higher concentrations of SMPs at the same OLR. From the variation of protein and polysaccharide SMPs along the height of the anaerobic reactors, it could be inferred that the methanogens might have contributed more in SMP consumption. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Right thoracic ectopic kidney in a child with breathing difficulties—Sonographic diagnosis
Authors: Maduekwe Echezona , Weinberg Brighita , Samaan Bassem , Sheferaw Ergeba , Suntharos Patcharapong
Published: July 2010

Congenital intrathoracic ectopic kidney is a rare congenital abnormality that is usually found as an incidental lesion on chest radiographs. We report the case of a 6‐month‐old male with a 1‐day history of breathing difficulties whose chest radiograph revealed a soft tissue right basilar mass. Further investigation utilizing ultrasound revealed a thoracic kidney. This case demonstrates the importance of sonography as a diagnostic tool in identifying thoracic kidneys in the pediatric age group. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 39:108–110, 2011
Prenatal diagnosis and successful postnatal therapy of an atypical choroid plexus papilloma—Case report and review of literature
Authors: Hartge David Rafael , Axt‐Fliedner Roland , Weichert Jan
Published: July 2010

This report describes the perinatal management of a prenatally detected choroid plexus papilloma in an otherwise unaltered singleton pregnancy of a healthy woman. After elective Caesarean section, a successful embolization of the feeding vessel followed by a craniotomy and complete removal of the remaining tumor were performed. Histological examination confirmed the diagnosis. One‐, 2‐, and 3‐year follow‐up showed a normal development of the girl with a regular neuropediatric status. A review of literature including related papers listed in PubMed between 1985 and 2009 are included. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 38:377–383, 2010
One‐pot synthesis of spiro[diindeno[1,2‐b:2′,1′‐e]pyridine‐11,3′‐indoline]‐triones
Authors: Ghahremanzadeh Ramin , Fereshtehnejad Fatemeh , Bazgir Ayoob
Published: July 2010

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A one‐pot and pseudo four‐component synthesis of spiro[diindeno[1,2‐b:2′,1′‐e]pyridine‐11,3′‐indoline]‐trione derivatives by cyclo‐condensation reaction of isatins, 1,3‐indandione, and ammonium acetate in refluxing acetic acid is reported. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
Design, synthesis, and characterization of some novel pyrazolo [1,5‐a] pyrimidines as potent antimicrobial agents
Authors: Dawane Bhaskar S. , Konda Shankaraiah G. , Zangade Sainath B.
Published: July 2010

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A novel series of pyrazolo [1,5‐a] pyrimidines were synthesized by the condensation of substituted chalcones with 5‐amino pyrazole in presence of dimethyl formamide. All the synthesized products were characterized by the spectral analysis. Further, all newly synthesized compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activity. Most of the compounds showed potent activity. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
Iodine: Selectively promote the synthesis of mono substituted quinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones and 2,3‐dihydroquinazolin‐4(1H)‐ones in one‐pot
Authors: Zeng Li‐Yan , Cai Chun
Published: July 2010

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A general and versatile one‐pot three‐component procedure for the selective synthesis of mono substituted quinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones and 2,3‐dihydroquinazolin‐4(1H)‐ones were described. The selectivity could be controlled by the ratio of iodine concentration. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
Microwave‐assisted Brønsted acidic ionic liquid‐promoted one‐pot synthesis of heterobicyclic dihydropyrimidinones by a three‐component coupling of cyclopentanone, aldehydes, and urea
Authors: Rahman Matiur , Majee Adinath , Hajra Alakananda
Published: July 2010

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A simple and efficient method has been developed for the synthesis of heterobicyclic dihydropyrimidinone derivatives through a solvent‐free one‐pot three‐component condensation of aromatic aldehydes, cyclopentanone, and urea or thiourea in the presence of Brønsted acidic ionic liquid under microwave irradiation. The catalyst can be reused at least six times without any noticeable decrease in catalytic activity. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
Selective reduction of 2,4‐dinitro‐ and 4,5‐dinitroimidazole derivatives using iron dust
Authors: Olender Dorota , Żwawiak Justyna , Zaprutko Lucjusz
Published: July 2010

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A series of N‐substituted 2,4‐dinitroimidazoles, 4,5‐dinitroimidazoles, and 2‐methyl‐4,5‐dinitroimidazoles have been selectively reduced to the corresponding aminonitroimidazole derivatives, using iron dust in glacial acetic acid at room temperature. 2,4‐Dinitroimidazoles have been reduced to the 2‐amino‐4‐nitro‐derivatives only but 4,5‐dinitroimidazoles have given 4‐amino‐5‐nitro‐ or 5‐amino‐4‐nitro‐ derivatives depended on the structure of the N‐substituent. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
An efficient three‐component synthesis of benzoxanthenes in water
Authors: Dabiri Minoo , Tisseh Zeinab Noroozi , Bazgir Ayoob
Published: July 2010

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A clean, one‐pot and three‐component synthesis of new dibenzo[a,i]xanthene‐diones derivatives by cyclo‐condensation reaction of 2‐hydroxynaphthalene‐1,4‐dione, aromatic aldehydes and dimedone or 2‐naphthol in aqueous media is reported. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
Synthesis and structural study of N‐methyl‐2‐methylthiopyrimidine derivatives from trihalomethylated enones
Authors: Zanatta Nilo , Madruga Claudia C. , Marisco Patricia C. , da Rosa Luciana S. , da Silva Fabio M. , Bonacorso Helio G. , Martins Marcos A. P.
Published: July 2010

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The synthesis and chemoselective study of a novel series N‐methyl‐2‐methylthio‐tetrahydropyrimidines and or N‐methyl‐2‐methylthiodihydropyrimidines, from the cyclocondensation reaction of β‐alkoxyvinyl trihalomethyl ketones (enones) with 1,2‐dimethylisothiourea sulfate is described. It was found that the chemoselectivity depends on both the reaction conditions and the steric and electronic effects of the substituents on the enones. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
A DIC mediated expeditious small library synthesis and biological activity of thiazolidin‐4‐one and 1,3‐thiazinan‐4‐one derivatives
Authors: Verma Amit , Verma Shweta S , Saraf Shailendra K
Published: July 2010

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A diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC) mediated small library of thiazolidin‐4‐one and 1,3‐Thiazinan‐4‐one derivatives were efficiently synthesized using one pot three component condensation of amino acid, aldehyde, and mercapto carboxylic acid on a polymer support. The study shows significantly higher yields of the thiazolidin‐4‐one derivatives thereby indicating a lower dependence on the nature of the amino acid and aldehyde components. As an obvious extension of this protocol, the reactions were performed using heterocyclic aldehydes and substituted hindered aromatic aldehydes instead of simple aromatic aldehydes. The synthesized library compounds were also screened for their antifungal acitivity against these three pathogenic fungi: Candida albicans (Ca), Candida parapsilosis (Cp), and Cryptococcus neoformans (Cn). J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
Effects of blood conservation on the incidence of anemia and transfusions in pediatric parapneumonic effusion: A hospitalist perspective
Authors: Hassan Nabil E. , Winters John , Winterhalter Kim , Reischman Diann , El‐Borai Yasser
Published: July 2010

BACKGROUND:

Children with pneumonia may develop parapneumonic effusion (PNE). The associated inflammatory process and nutritional compromise can blunt erythropoesis. Traditional treatment for these children with PNE includes repeated phlebotomy and surgical intervention, resulting in ongoing blood losses. Blood transfusions used to treat acquired anemia are associated with multiple complications.

OBJECTIVES:

This study evaluated the effect of hospitalists' implementation of blood conservation guidelines (BCG) on the incidence of anemia and transfusion requirements in children with PNE.

DESIGN:

Retrospective cohort study of hospitalized children with PNE.

SETTINGS:

University affiliated Children's Hospital.

PATIENTS:

Children who were admitted to the hospital with PNE and managed using BCG (Group I) were compared to simultaneous no intervention group (S) and historical no intervention group (H). Group (I) and (S) were admitted from year 2000 to 2004 and the Group (H) were admitted from year 1997 to 1999.

MEASUREMENTS:

Phlebotomy frequency and volume, measured hemoglobin (Hgb) levels, and the need for red blood transfusions.

RESULTS:

Children in the BCG group (n = 24) compared to simultaneous no intervention group (n = 28) and historical no intervention group (n = 29) had lesser phlebotomy volumes (14 ± 8, 18 ± 14 and 69 ± 66 mL; P = 0.001), trend toward lesser Hgb drop (1.7 ± 1.4, 2.1 ± 1.2 and 2 ± 1.4 gm%; P ≤ 0.37), and lesser incidence of transfusion (8%, 18% and 31%; P = 0.11). Transfused children were younger (3.5 ± vs. 6.4 ± 4 years; P = 0.001) and had lower initial Hgb (9.9 ± 1 vs. 11.4 ± 1 gm%; P = 0.001), more phlebotomy (5.9 ± 7 vs. 1.1 ± 1 mL/kg., P = 0.001), longer hospitalization (18.7 ± 5 vs. 11.1 ± days; P = 0.001), and slightly higher (pediatric risk of mortality [PRISM]) scores (3.4 ± 5.7 vs. 1.6 ± 2.7; P = 0.25).

CONCLUSION:

Implementing BCG lowers phlebotomy losses and the need for transfusion. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010;5:410–413. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Implication of Akt‐dependent Prp19α/14‐3‐3β/Cdc5L complex formation in neuronal differentiation
Authors: Urano‐Tashiro Yumiko , Sasaki Hironobu , Sugawara‐Kawasaki Mioko , Yamada Takeyuki , Sugiyama Akinori , Akiyama Hirotada , Kawasaki Yasushi , Tashiro Fumio
Published: July 2010

PRP19α and CDC5L are major components of the active spliceosome. However, their association process is still unknown. Here, we demonstrated that PRP19α/14‐3‐3β/CDC5L complex formation is regulated by Akt during nerve growth factor (NGF)‐induced neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells. Analysis of PRP19α mutants revealed that the phosphorylation of PRP19α at Thr 193 by Akt was critical for its binding with 14‐3‐3β to translocate into the nuclei and for PRP19α/14‐3‐3β/CDC5L complex formation in neuronal differentiation. Forced expression of either sensePRP19α or sense14‐3‐3β RNAs promoted NGF‐induced neuronal differentiation, whereas down‐regulation of these mRNAs showed a suppressive effect. The nonphosphorylation mutant PRP19αT193A lost its binding ability with 14‐3‐3β and acted as a dominant‐negative mutant in neuronal differentiation. These results imply that Akt‐dependent phosphorylation of PRP19α at Thr193 triggers PRP19α/14‐3‐3β/CDC5L complex formation in the nuclei, likely to assemble the active spliceosome against neurogenic pre‐mRNAs. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of regional and at‐site approaches to modelling probabilities of heavy precipitation
Authors: Kyselý Jan , Gaál Ladislav , Picek Jan
Published: July 2010

Several approaches to estimating distributions of precipitation extremes are compared by means of simulation experiments, and their applications into observed data in the Czech Republic are evaluated. Regional frequency models, which take into account data in fixed or flexible ‘regions’ when fitting a distribution at any site, lead to estimates with much smaller errors compared to a single‐site analysis, and efficiently reduce random and climatologically irrelevant variations in the estimates of the model parameters and high quantiles. The region‐of‐influence (ROI) methodology with a built‐in regional homogeneity test is recognized as a useful approach, with the model based on proximity of sites outperforming the Hosking–Wallis regional frequency analysis. Comparison of estimates of the return period of a heavy precipitation event on 24 June 2009, which triggered a disastrous local flash flood, illustrates that the at‐site analysis leads to unrealistic and extremely uncertain estimates that strongly depend on whether or not a single outlying observation is involved in the sample, while all regional methods yield return periods in the same order of several hundreds of years, notwithstanding whether the 2009 data are included in the sample. The ROI method may be found useful for modelling probabilities of other meteorological variables, extremes of which are strongly influenced by sampling variability, and may also represent an efficient tool for ‘smoothing’ random variations in the estimates of model parameters and high quantiles of precipitation in high‐resolution regional climate model simulations. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
ENSO teleconnection impacts on reference evapotranspiration variability in some warm climates of Iran
Authors: Sabziparvar A. A. , Mirmasoudi S. H. , Tabari H. , Nazemosadat M. J. , Maryanaji Z.
Published: July 2010

The Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) is an acceptable scientific index for determining the strength of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon. Because of the importance of reference evapotranspiration (ET0) in determining crop water demand, this study was conducted to assess the impacts of different ENSO phases on ET0 variability in some warm climates of Iran. For the estimation of ET0, the daily meteorological variables from a set of stations during a period of 50 years (1957–2006) were used in an aerodynamic energy balance approach and the correlation between SOI and the estimated ET0 values for two scenarios (with and without time lag) was constructed. Using Spearman, Pearson and Mann‐Whitney approaches, the correlation coefficients (r) and the statistically significant relative differences between the mean ET0 values and their corresponding variations in each phase were verified. The results of seasonal ET0 showed that in 54% of the study sites, significant (P < 0.05) correlations between ENSO events and the ET0 variations exist. In the monthly timescale, 88% of the significant SOI‐ET0 correlations experienced positive signs. In most of the cases, the spring and winter ENSO events influenced the ET0 values one or two seasons after the occurrence of the ENSO. On average, the mean monthly ET0 values during El Niño phases were 10.1 and 9.3% lower than the corresponding ET0 values during La Niña and normal phases, respectively. On the contrary, the mean monthly ET0 values during La Niña were 8.4% higher than that in normal phase. It was found that the degree of impact of ENSO on ET0 variability is sensitive to the timescale of analyses. Furthermore, the ET0 variations in warm arid sites were more sensitive to teleconnection impact of ENSO than the humid sites. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Statistical behaviours of precipitation regimes in China and their links with atmospheric circulation 1960–2005
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Xu Chong‐Yu , Chen Xiaohong , Zhang Zengxin
Published: July 2010

In this study, we comprehensively analysed daily precipitation time series of 590 rain stations in China covering 1960–2005. Ten indices were defined to evaluate changing patterns of precipitation regimes and trend detection was performed using Mann–Kendall trend test and linear regressive technique. For the sake of better understanding of underlying causes behind changing properties of precipitation regimes, we also investigated spatial and temporal variations of atmospheric circulation of water vapour flux. The results revealed different changing properties of precipitation events across China. Generally, wet tendency was identified in the south China and dry tendency in north China. Besides, slight wet tendency could be found in northwest China. In addition, increasing precipitation intensity could be observed mainly in the lower Yangtze River basin and the Pearl River basin. Remarkable seasonal shifts of wet/dry conditions were also detected in China: wet tendency in winter and dry tendency in summer. Furthermore, this study revealed good agreement between spatial distribution of precipitation regimes and water vapour flux, showing tremendous influences of water vapour flux on the precipitation changes across China. Regions east to 100°E were dominated by increasing water vapour flux in winter. Weaker East Asian Summer Monsoon was the main cause responsible for decreasing northward propagation of water vapour flux, causing different wet (dry) tendency in south (north) China. This study can provide theoretical evidence for effective water resource management and sound arrangement of agriculture activities on river basin scale under the changing environment across China. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Drought dynamics on the Mongolian steppe, 1970–2006
Authors: Sternberg Troy , Thomas David , Middleton Nick
Published: July 2010

Drought is an ongoing feature in Mongolia's steppe environment, yet it remains poorly documented. Awareness of drought conditions is important in the countryside because 50% of the rural population derive their livelihood from climate‐dependent pastoralism. In this study, precipitation records, 1970–2006, from five meteorological stations in three steppe provinces were analysed using the Standard Precipitation Index to identify drought events at 1‐, 3‐, 5‐ and 17‐month timescales. Results found that the probability of drought occurrence in the steppe was slightly less than expected and that the occurrence, intensity and duration were site‐specific characteristics. Additionally, its distribution was neither spatially consistent nor uniform over time at different sites. The most serious drought, in terms of severity and duration, was in progress in 2006 at the end of the study. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
High‐pressure polarized Raman spectra of Gd2(MoO4)3: phase transitions and amorphization
Authors: Lucazeau Guy , Le Bacq Olivier , Pasturel Alain , Bouvier Pierre , Pagnier Thierry
Published: July 2010

Polarized Raman spectra of a single crystal of gadolinium molybdate [Gd2(MoO4)3] were obtained between 1 atm and 7 GPa. Using a mixture of alcohols as the pressure‐transmitting medium, YY, ZZ, XY components of scattering matrices were measured. The ZZ spectra were also obtained in argon. Five phase transitions and amorphization were identified. The first and second transitions are reversible, while amorphization is not. In alcohol, amorphization is observed above 6.5 GPa. With argon as the pressure‐transmitting medium, amorphization is progressive and begins above 3 GPa. The spectral changes with pressure affect the high wavenumber bands attributed to symmetric and antisymmetric MoO4 stretching modes as well as the very low wavenumber modes such as librations of the tetrahedra. This means that both short‐range and long‐range organizations of the tetrahedra are involved in these phase transitions. The amorphization mechanism and its dependence on the pressure‐transmitting medium are discussed, and the steric hindrance between polyhedra is believed to be the most relevant mechanism. The TO and LO low wavenumber modes of A1 symmetry, observed in the Y(ZZ)Y and Z(YY)Z geometries, respectively, below 50 cm−1, soften continuously through the first three phases when increasing pressure. The strong A2 mode observed in the Z(XY)Z spectra exhibits the same anomalous behavior by decreasing from 53 to 46 cm−1 at 2 GPa. The softening of these modes is related to the orientation change of tetrahedra observed by ab initio calculations when the volume of the cell is decreased. These orientation changes can explain the wavenumber decrease of the MoO stretching modes above 2 GPa, which indicates an increase of Mo coordination. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vibrational spectra and structural studies of nonlinear optical crystal ammonium D, L‐tartrate: a density functional theoretical approach
Authors: Vidya S. , Ravikumar C. , Hubert Joe I. , Kumaradhas P. , Devipriya B. , Raju K.
Published: July 2010

Single crystals of ammonium D, L‐tartrate, a potential nonlinear optical (NLO) material of interest, were grown by the slow evaporation technique. The crystal structure was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectra of the crystallized molecule were recorded and analyzed. The geometry, intermolecular hydrogen bonding, first hyperpolarizability and harmonic vibrational wavenumbers were calculated with the help of B3LYP density functional theory method. The red shift of hydroxyl and NH4+ stretching wavenumbers indicate the formation of inter‐ and intramolecular hydrogen bonding. Simultaneous activation of CH stretching wavenumbers shows the presence of intramolecular charge transfer in the molecule. Natural bond orbital analysis was carried out to demonstrate the various inter‐ and intramolecular interactions that are responsible for the stabilization of this molecule, leading to high NLO activity. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differential Raman cross section of dimethyl sulfide
Authors: Barletta Robert E. , Roe Christopher H.
Published: July 2010

Biogenic sulfur compounds such as dimethyl sulfide (DMS) are important contributors to the global carbon cycle. The differential Raman cross section of DMS relative to the nitrogen fundamental, σDMS, has been measured at several excitation wavelengths in order to assess the applicability of Raman spectroscopy for the direct quantitative measurement of this compound. At 488 nm, σDMS for the ν6 carbon–sulfur stretching mode was found to be 4.9 ± 1.6, while for the ν2 carbon–hydrogen stretching mode it was 2.8 ± 0.9. Using, KrF laser excitation, values for σDMS could be measured simultaneously at two excitation wavelengths, 248.32 and 248.69 nm. The average values of σDMS for 248‐nm excitation based on measurements at these two excitation wavelengths were 3.5 ± 1.4 for the carbon–sulfur stretching mode and 4.6 ± 0.6 for the carbon–hydrogen stretching mode. The results indicate that no significant resonance enhancement of σDMS for either mode occurs, although they show some slight enhancement of the cross section for the ν2 band (CH stretching mode). It was concluded that the measured values of σDMS are high enough to allow the quantitative detection of DMS at the millimolar level. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improving downstream processes to recover tartaric acid, tartrate and nutrients from vinasses and formulation of inexpensive fermentative broths for xylitol production
Authors: Salgado José Manuel , Rodríguez Noelia , Cortés Sandra , Domínguez José Manuel
Published: July 2010

BACKGROUND: Vinasses, the main liquid wastes from the distillation process of grape marc and wine lees, are acidic effluents with high organic content, including acids, carbohydrates, phenols, and unsaturated compounds with high chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand and solid concentrations. These wastes can be revalued to provide additional benefits when they are employed as feedstock of some compounds including tartaric acid, calcium tartrate and economic nutrients for the elaboration of fermentable broths.

RESULT: This study attempts to recover tartaric acid and calcium tartrate from vinasses. All the tartaric acid initially solubilised was recovered in both processes. The residual streams can be successfully employed as economic nutrients for the xylose to xylitol bioconversion, achieving higher global volumetric productivities (QP, xylitol = 0.232 g L−1 h−1) and products yields (Yxylitol/S = 0.57 g g−1) than fermentations carried out using commercial nutrients (QP, xylitol = 0.193 g L−1 h−1 and Yxylitol/S = 0.55 g g−1 respectively).

CONCLUSION: Tartaric acid can be recovered from vinasses in the form of tartaric acid crystals and calcium tartrate. The residual streams generated in the process can be used as economic nutrients for the production of xylitol by D. hansenii. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Functional characterization of steam jet‐cooked buckwheat flour as a fat replacer in cake‐baking
Authors: Min Bockki , Lee Seung Mi , Yoo Sang‐Ho , Inglett George E. , Lee Suyong
Published: July 2010

BACKGROUND: With rising consumer awareness of obesity, the food industry has a market‐driven impetus to develop low‐fat or fat‐free foods with acceptable taste and texture. Fancy buckwheat flour was thus subjected to steam jet‐cooking and the performance of the resulting product in cake‐baking was evaluated as a fat replacer.

RESULTS: Steam jet‐cooking caused structural breakdown and starch gelatinization of buckwheat flour, thus increasing its water hydration properties. In the pasting measurements, steam jet‐cooked buckwheat flour exhibited high initial viscosity, while no peak viscosity was observed. Also, the suspensions of steam jet‐cooked buckwheat flour exhibited shear‐thinning behaviors, which were well characterized by the power law model. When shortening in cakes was replaced with steam jet‐cooked buckwheat gels, the specific gravity of cake batters significantly increased, consequently affecting cake volume after baking. However, shortening replacement with steam jet‐cooked buckwheat up to 20% by weight appeared to be effective in producing cakes as soft as the control without volume loss.

CONCLUSION: When buckwheat flour was thermomechanically modified by steam jet‐cooking, it was successfully incorporated into cake formulations for shortening up to 20% by weight, producing low‐fat cakes with comparable volume and textural properties to the control. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of selenium form on blood and milk selenium concentrations, milk component and milk fatty acid composition in dairy cows
Authors: Ran Linwu , Wu Xianshi , Shen Xiangzhen , Zhang Kechun , Ren Fei , Huang Kehe
Published: July 2010

BACKGROUND: Human health may be improved if milk with a favorable fatty acid composition and Se concentration is ingested. The present study is to determine how a basal diet supplemented with daily 5 mg Se as Se‐enriched yeast (SY) or sodium selenite (SS) affects the fatty acid composition and Se concentration of bovine milk. The effects of Se form on blood Se concentration, erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1) activity, serum GPx3 activity and milk yield and component were also studied.

RESULTS: Both Se forms, when compared to control group, increased Se concentrations of blood (P < 0.01) and milk (P < 0.01), erythrocyte GPx1 activity (P < 0.05) and milk percentages of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (P < 0.05) and cis‐9,cis‐12 linoleic acid (P < 0.05). Cows supplemented with SY had higher Se levels in blood (P < 0.01) and milk (P < 0.01) and percentage of PUFA in milk (P < 0.05) when compared with those supplemented with SS. Milk yield, milk component and serum GPx3 activity were not significantly affected by Se form.

CONCLUSION: Supplementation of diet with SY appears to be of more benefit than SS in producing favorable milk with high PUFA and Se concentrations. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Perceptions of psychological first aid among providers responding to Hurricanes Gustav and Ike
Authors: Allen Brian , Brymer Melissa J. , Steinberg Alan M. , Vernberg Eric M. , Jacobs Anne , Speier Anthony H. , Pynoos Robert S.
Published: July 2010

Psychological First Aid (PFA), developed by the National Child Traumatic Stress Network and the Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, has been widely disseminated both nationally and internationally, and adopted and used by a number of disaster response organizations and agencies after major catastrophic events across the United States. This study represents a first examination of the perceptions of providers who utilized PFA in response to a disaster. Study participants included 50 individuals who utilized PFA in their response to Hurricane Gustav or Ike. Findings indicated that participation in PFA training was perceived to increase confidence in working with adults and children. PFA was not seen as harmful to survivors, and was perceived as an appropriate intervention for responding in the aftermath of hurricanes.
Behavioral activation as a primary care‐based treatment for PTSD and depression among returning veterans
Authors: Jakupcak Matthew , Wagner Amy , Paulson Autumn , Varra Alethea , McFall Miles
Published: July 2010

This preliminary study examined treatment‐satisfaction and potential therapeutic benefits of Behavioral Activation as a primary care‐based treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression among Iraq and Afghanistan War veterans. Eight veterans were enrolled, 6 completed at least 4 sessions, and 5 veterans completed posttreatment and 3‐month follow‐up assessments after receiving 5–8 weekly sessions of Behavioral Activation delivered in a specialty postdeployment primary care clinic. Significant and meaningful reductions in PTSD symptoms were found on structured clinical assessments and self‐report measures. Posttraumatic stress disorder treatment gains (measured by structured clinical assessments) were maintained at 3‐month follow‐up. The majority of veterans demonstrated meaningful improvements on depression and quality of life and veterans reported a high satisfaction with treatment.
Associations among disaster exposure, intimate relationship adjustment, and PTSD symptoms: Can disaster exposure enhance a relationship?
Authors: Fredman Steffany J. , Monson Candice M. , Schumm Jeremiah A. , Adair Kathryn C. , Taft Casey T. , Resick Patricia A.
Published: July 2010

This study examined associations among disaster characteristics, relationship adjustment, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology 9 months postdisaster in 205 women exposed to extensive flooding. Bivariately, threat/harm and loss exposure dimensions were related to each other but differentially related to relationship adjustment and PTSD symptoms. Results from structural equation modeling revealed a positive and significant direct association between threat/harm and PTSD symptoms. Conversely, loss was not significantly associated with PTSD symptoms, but was positively and significantly associated with relationship adjustment. Relationship adjustment was negatively and significantly related to PTSD symptoms. These data suggest that some aspects of disaster exposure can have a mobilizing and positive effect on intimate relationships. In turn, positive intimate relationships may buffer individuals against PTSD symptoms.
Tailored (Meth)Acrylate Shape‐Memory Polymer Networks for Ophthalmic Applications
Authors: Song Li , Hu Wang , Wang Guojie , Niu Guoguang , Zhang Hongbin , Cao Hui , Wang Kaijie , Yang Huai , Zhu Siquan
Published: July 2010

The unique features of shape‐memory polymers enables their use in minimally invasive surgical procedures with a compact starting material switching over to a voluminous structure in vivo. In this work, a series of transparent, thermoset (meth)acrylate shape‐memory polymer networks with tailored thermomechanics have been synthesized and evaluated. Fundamental trends were established for the effect of the crosslinker content and crosslinker molecular weight on glass transition temperature, rubbery modulus and shape‐recovery behavior, and the results are intended to help with future shape‐memory device design. The prepared (meth)acrylate networks with high transparency and favorable biocompatibility are presented as a promising shape‐memory ophthalmic biomaterial.

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Corrosion and corrosion protection of support structures for offshore wind energy devices (OWEA)
Authors: Momber A.
Published: July 2010

The paper provides a review about the corrosion and corrosion protection of offshore wind energy devices (OWEA). Firstly, special features resulting from location and operation of OWEA are being discussed. Secondly, types of corrosion and corrosion phenomena are summarized in a systematic way. Finally, practical solutions to the corrosion protection of OWEA, including steel allowances, cathodic protection and coatings and linings, are discussed.
Tautologies over implication with negative literals
Authors: Fournier Hervé , Gardy Danièle , Genitrini Antoine , Zaionc Marek
Published: July 2010

We consider logical expressions built on the single binary connector of implication and a finite number of literals (Boolean variables and their negations). We prove that asymptotically, when the number of variables becomes large, all tautologies have the following simple structure: either a premise equal to the goal, or two premises which are opposite literals (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
First order theory for literal‐paraconsistent and literal‐paracomplete matrices
Authors: Lewin Renato A. , Mikenberg Irene F.
Published: July 2010

In this paper a first order theory for the logics defined through literal paraconsistent‐paracomplete matrices is developed. These logics are intended to model situations in which the ground level information may be contradictory or incomplete, but it is treated within a classical framework. This means that literal formulas, i.e. atomic formulas and their iterated negations, may behave poorly specially regarding their negations, but more complex formulas, i.e. formulas that include a binary connective are well behaved. This situation may and does appear for instance in data bases (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On long increasing chains modulo flat ideals
Authors: Shelah Saharon
Published: July 2010

We prove that, e.g., in (ω 3)(ω 3) there is no sequence of length W4 increasing modulo the ideal of countable sets (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
New types of hyper MV‐deductive systems in hyper MV‐algebras
Authors: Jun Young Bae , Kang Min Su , Kim Hee Sik
Published: July 2010

The notions of a (weak) hyper MV‐deductive system, a (⊆, ⊆; ⊆)‐hyper MV‐deductive system, a (≪, ⊆; ⊆)‐ hyper MV‐deductive system, a (≪, ≪; ⊆)‐hyper MV‐deductive system, a (≪, ≪; ≪)‐hyper MV‐deductive system and a (∩, ∩; ∩)‐hyper MV‐deductive system are introduced, and then their relations are investigated (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Uniform bounds on growth in o‐minimal structures
Authors: Ramakrishnan Janak
Published: July 2010

We prove that a function definable with parameters in an o‐minimal structure is bounded away from ∞ as its argument goes to ∞ by a function definable without parameters, and that this new function can be chosen independently of the parameters in the original function. This generalizes a result in [1]. Moreover, this remains true if the argument is taken to approach any element of the structure (or ±∞), and the function has limit any element of the structure (or ±∞) (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Subdirectly irreducible separable dynamic algebras
Authors: Pinto Sandra Marques , Oliveira‐Martins M. Teresa
Published: July 2010

A characterization of the subdirectly irreducible separable dynamic algebras is presented. The notions develo‐ ped for this study were also suitable to describe the previously found class of simple separable dynamic algebras (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On coding uncountable sets by reals
Authors: Bagaria Joan , Kanovei Vladimir
Published: July 2010

If A ⊆ ω1, then there exists a cardinal preserving generic extension 𝕃[A ][x ] of 𝕃[A ] by a real x such that

1) A ∈ 𝕃[x ] and A is Δ1HC (x) in 𝕃[x ];

2) x is minimal over 𝕃[A ], that is, if a set Y belongs to 𝕃[x ], then either x ∈ 𝕃[A, Y ] or Y ∈ 𝕃[A ].

The forcing we use implicitly provides reshaping of the given set A (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)