bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimating the maximum sustainable yield of snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) off Tohoku, Japan via a state‐space stock assessment model with time‐varying natural mortality
Authors: Shibata Yasutoki , Nagao Jiro , Narimatsu Yoji , Morikawa Eisuke , Suzuki Yuto , Tokioka Shun , Yamada Manabu , Kakehi Shigeho , Okamura Hiroshi
Published: October 2020

A maximum sustainable yield (MSY) obtained by maintaining or restoring fish stock levels is a tangible benefit of ecosystem services. Snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) off Tohoku, Japan has been managed by a total allowable catch since 1996, although the abundance has not increased. Surprisingly, there was no increase after 2011, when fishing pressure was greatly reduced because of the Great East Japan earthquake. This implies that some of the crab's biological characteristics, such as recruits, natural mortality coefficient (M) and terminal molting probabilities (p), might have changed. We developed “just another state‐space stock assessment model” to estimate the MSY of the snow crab off Tohoku considering interannual variations in M and p. The multimodel inference revealed that M increased from 0.2 in 1997 to 0.59 in 2018, although it did not vary according to instars, sex or terminal molt. The parameter p also increased by 1.34–2.46 times depending on the instar growth stages from 1997 to 2018. We estimated the MSYs in three scenarios, which changed drastically if M and p were set as they were in the past or at the current values estimated from this study. This result indicated that the MSY of snow crab would also vary with time based on their time‐varying biological characteristics.
A novel prognostic model based on four circulating miRNA in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma: implications for the roles of MDSC and Th17 cells in lymphoma progression
Authors: Sun Rui , Zheng Zhong , Wang Li , Cheng Shu , Shi Qing , Qu Bin , Fu Di , Leboeuf Christophe , Zhao Yan , Ye Jing , Janin Anne , Zhao Wei‐Li
Published: October 2020

MicroRNA (miRNA) have been emerged as prognostic biomarkers in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL). To understand the potential underlying mechanisms and translate these findings into clinical prediction on lymphoma progression, large patient cohorts should be evaluated. Here, using miRNA PCR array, we analyzed the miRNA expression profiles in serum samples of 20 DLBCL patients at diagnosis, remission and relapse. Four candidate miRNA were identified and subsequently evaluated for their ability to predict relapse and survival. A prognostic model based on four circulating miRNA (miR21, miR130b, miR155 and miR28) was established and tested in a training cohort of 279 patients and in a validation cohort of 225 patients (NCT01852435). The prognostic value of the 4‐circulating miRNA model was assessed by univariate and multivariate analyses. The novel 4‐circulating miRNA prognostic model significantly predicted clinical outcome of DLBCL, independent of International Prognostic Index in the training cohort [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.83, 95% CI 2.14–3.51, P < 0.001] and in the validation cohort (HR = 2.71, 95% CI 1.91–3.50, P < 0.001). Moreover, DNA‐ and RNA‐sequencing was performed on tumor samples to detect genetic mutations and signaling pathway dysregulation. DNA‐sequencing data showed no significant difference of tumor mutation burden between the low‐risk and the high‐risk groups of the 4‐circulating miRNA model. RNA‐sequencing revealed a correlation between the 4‐circulating miRNA model and aberrant Ras protein signaling transduction. The impact of the miRNA signature on oncogenic signaling and tumor microenvironment was analyzed in vitro and in vivo. In B‐lymphoma cells, modulation of the miRNA regulated IGF1 and JUN expression, thereby altering MDSC and Th17 cells. In DLBCL patients, the high‐risk group presented Ras signaling activation, increased MDSC and Th17 cells, and immunosuppressive status compared with the low‐risk group. In conclusion, the easy‐to‐use 4‐circulating miRNA prognostic model effectively predicted relapse and survival in DLBCL. Moreover, the tumor microenvironment contributes to the role of the 4‐circulating miRNA model in DLBCL progression.
The KRAS/Lin28B axis maintains stemness of pancreatic cancer cells via the let‐7i/TET3 pathway
Authors: Liu Yawen , Wang Dawei , Zhou Meng , Chen Hui , Wang Huizhi , Min Jingyu , Chen Jiaxi , Wu Shuhui , Ni Xiufan , Zhang Youli , Gong Aihua , Xu Min
Published: October 2020

Increasing evidence demonstrates that Lin28B plays critical roles in numerous biological processes including cell proliferation and stemness maintenance. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying Lin28B nuclear translocation remain poorly understood. Here, we found for the first time that KRAS promoted Lin28B nuclear translocation through PKCβ, which directly bound to and phosphorylated Lin28B at S243. Firstly, we observed that Lin28B was upregulated in pancreatic cancer, contributing to cellular migration and proliferation. Furthermore, nuclear Lin28B upregulated TET3 messenger RNA and protein levels by blocking the production of mature let‐7i. Subsequently, increased TET3 expression could also promote the expression of Lin28B, thereby forming a Lin28B/let‐7i/TET3 feedback loop. Our results suggest that the KRAS/Lin28B axis drives the let‐7i/TET3 pathway to maintain the stemness of pancreatic cancer cells. These findings illuminate the distinct mechanism of Lin28B nuclear translocation and its important roles in KRAS‐driven pancreatic cancer, and have important implications for development of novel therapeutic strategies for this cancer.
Engineering 2D Multifunctional Ultrathin Bismuthene for Multiple Photonic Nanomedicine
Authors: Wang Yuemei , Feng Wei , Chang Meiqi , Yang Jiacai , Guo Yuedong , Ding Li , Yu Luodan , Huang Hui , Chen Yu , Shi Jianlin
Published: October 2020

2D monoelemental nanomaterials (Xenes) have shown tremendous potential for versatile biomedical applications. Bismuth, as a heavy element in pnictogens, has acquired massive research interest due to its unique optical performance, high biocompatibility, stability, and relatively low cost. However, the utilization of 2D bismuthene in nanomedicine has not been achieved because of the difficulty in engineering bismuthene with crucial structural/compositional characteristics for satisfying strict biomedical requirements. Herein, to address this Gordian knot, a facile strategy to intercalate and delaminate Bi bulk for generating mass few‐layered 2D bismuthene with high yield by employing a water molecule mediated freezing–thawing process and sodium borohydride‐triggered reduction treatment is proposed. The resulting 2D bismuthene displays good optical performance in the near‐infrared (NIR) biowindow and can be excited via red light for reactive oxygen species generation, enabling applications in multiple photonic cancer nanomedicine settings, including photothermal hyperthermia and photodynamic therapy. Utilizing the intrinsic desirable optical absorbance and strong X‐ray attenuation of bismuthene, dual photonic therapy can be conducted under the supervision of photoacoustic/computed tomography guided multimodal imaging. This research not only offers a potential mass‐production ready, cost‐effective, and eco‐efficient methodology for engineering 2D Xenes, but also exploits an innovative 2D bismuthene based photonic cancer nanomedicine.
Joint Multi‐Frequency Beam Shaping and Steering via Space–Time‐Coding Digital Metasurfaces
Authors: Castaldi Giuseppe , Zhang Lei , Moccia Massimo , Hathaway Alisa Y. , Tang Wen Xuan , Cui Tie Jun , Galdi Vincenzo
Published: October 2020

Digital programmable metasurfaces provide a very powerful and versatile platform for implementing spatio‐temporal modulation schemes that are of great interest within the emerging framework of space–time metastructures. In particular, space–time‐coding digital metasurfaces have been successfully applied to advanced wavefront‐manipulations in both the spatial and spectral domains. However, conventional space–time‐coding schemes do not allow the joint syntheses of the transmission/scattering angular responses at multiple frequencies, which are potentially useful in a variety of applications of practical interest. Here, a strategy is put forward to lift this limitation, thereby enabling joint multi‐frequency beam shaping and steering, that is, the independent and simultaneous syntheses of prescribed scattering patterns at given harmonic frequencies. The proposed approach relies on a more sophisticated space–time coding, with suitably designed, and temporally intertwined coding sub‐sequences, which effectively disentangles the joint multi‐frequency syntheses. The power and versatility of the approach are illustrated via a series of representative application examples, including multi‐beam, diffuse‐scattering, and orbital‐angular‐momentum patterns. Theoretical predictions are experimentally validated by means of microwave measurements. The outcomes of this study hold promising potentials for applications to future imaging, information, and mobile‐communication systems.
Generation of a Conjoint Surface Plasmon by an Infrared Nano‐Antenna Array
Authors: Allsop Thomas , Mou Chengbo , Neal Ronald , Kundrát Vojtěch , Wang Changle , Kalli Kyriacos , Webb David , Liu Xiaoping , Davey Paul , Culverhouse Philip , Diego Ania-Castañón Juan
Published: October 2020

Localized surface plasmons (LSP) excited by optical fields have many potential applications resulting from their ability in detecting ultra‐small, ambient refractive index change. Current methods using surface nano‐patterning by means of lithography have given rise to LSP of limited propagation and interaction lengths, meaning that practical applications remain challenging. This article describes a new all‐optical method of generating LSP by means of a carefully fabricated low‐dimensional nano‐structured material using a direct‐write photochemical lithography. It is shown that the resulting array of localized SPs combine or “Conjoin” to have an unprecedented large interaction length, via coupled evanescent fields, giving rise to superior spectral sensitivities; several orders of magnitude better than those quoted elsewhere and reaching 6 × 103 nm RIU−1 in the aqueous regime and 104 nm RIU−1 in the gaseous regime. Numerical modeling is performed that shows this design of plasmonic platform is capable of producing sensitivities of 105–106 nm RIU−1. It is believed the results achieved in this investigation show that a unique conjoint SP operational mode will significantly impact areas of interest, such as single molecular dynamics, drug delivery systems, etc.
Flexible GaAs Photodetectors with Ultrathin Thermally Grown Silicon Dioxide as a Long‐Lived Barrier for Chronic Biomedical Implants
Authors: Hong Namgi , Geum Dae-Myeong , Kim Tae Soo , Ahn Seung-yeop , Han Jae-Hoon , Jung Daehwan , Ryu Geunhwan , Kim SangHyeon , Yu Ki Jun , Choi Won Jun
Published: October 2020

Herein, an approach to form high‐quality GaAs‐based flexible photodetectors (PDs) is first demonstrated by metal wafer bonding (MWB) and high‐throughput epitaxial lift‐off (ELO) with encapsulated thermally grown silicon dioxide (t‐SiO2) for chronic biomedical implants. The flexible GaAs PDs demonstrate responsivity over a wide range of visible and near‐infrared wavelengths. Regarding certain diagnoses, high‐performance PDs are essential for precise treatments with long‐term optoelectronic implants, and the long‐term stability and reliable encapsulation of GaAs PDs will play a major role when optoelectronics are injected into biofluids. t‐SiO2, as an encapsulation barrier, is stable without increasing the leakage current for over 120 h in phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) at 70 °C. By Arrhenius scaling, the device shows a 700‐day lifetime with stable operation in a biofluid at 37 °C. Finally, by measuring the mass of arsenic using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP/MS), the t‐SiO2 encapsulation barrier is capable of preventing toxic elements from leaching out to surrounding tissues. The technology may provide approaches based on III–V materials for expanding high‐performance optoelectronic devices to biomedical implants, namely, a broad range of high‐resolution retinal prostheses for blindness or the integration for measuring physiological parameters, such as tissue oxygenation and neural activity in the cerebral cortex.
Direct Current Triboelectric Nanogenerators
Authors: Song Yiding , Wang Nan , Wang Yuanhao , Zhang Renyun , Olin Håkan , Yang Ya
Published: October 2020

The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) as a promising energy scavenging technology has been utilized to convert ambient mechanical energy into electric energy for meeting ever‐increasing energy consumption and the need for sustainable energy in modern life. However, the electric energy generated by the conventional TENG based on coupling the contact electrification and electrostatic induction is pulsed alternating current, which requires rectification measures to obtain the direct current (DC) power suitable for storing and driving electronic equipment, resulting in the limitation of its portability and energy utilization efficiency. Through the use of new materials and structures, novel direct current triboelectric nanogenerators (DC‐TENGs) with constant DC output characteristics provide an intelligent solution. Here, the development of DC‐TENG is reviewed, focusing on the working mechanisms of DC‐TENG based on various strategies. The important factors affecting the outputs and the main applications of DC‐TENGs are summarized. Moreover, the possible challenges and future direction for DC‐TENGs are also discussed.
2D Cs2PbI2Cl2 Nanosheets for Holistic Passivation of Inorganic CsPbI2Br Perovskite Solar Cells for Improved Efficiency and Stability
Authors: Yang Shaomin , Liu Weiduan , Han Yu , Liu Zhike , Zhao Wenjing , Duan Chenyang , Che Yuhang , Gu Haoshuang , Li Yuebin , Liu Shengzhong (Frank)
Published: October 2020

Inorganic CsPbI2Br perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have gained enormous research interest due to their excellent thermal and light stabilities. However, their unsatisfactory power‐conversion efficiency and poor intrinsic phase stability remain roadblocks to their further development. Herein, Cs2PbI2Cl2 nanosheets (NSs) with the Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) structure are synthesized, and an NSs/CsPbI2Br/NSs heterostructure is employed to enhance both the stability and efficiency of CsPbI2Br solar cells. The novel Cs2PbI2Cl2 NSs can not only passivate the top and bottom surfaces of the perovskite film and top surface of the TiO2 film but also enhance the stability of the perovskite film. Based on the heterostructured NSs/CsPbI2Br/NSs inorganic perovskite film, the efficiency of the CsPbI2Br PSCs is improved from 15.02% to 16.65%. Moreover, the unencapsulated CsPbI2Br devices with the NSs/CsPbI2Br/NSs heterostructure sustain over 90% of their original efficiencies after being exposed to ambient conditions (≈25 °C and ≈35% RH) for 648 h. Both the UV‐light‐soaking stability (100 mW cm−1 365 nm UV light) and thermal stability (T = 85 °C) of the optimized devices are dramatically improved in comparison with their counterparts with only a 3D active layer. Therefore, this work promotes the application of RP inorganic perovskite nanocrystals in a range of perovskite optoelectronic devices.
Heritability and the genotype × environment interaction in soybean
Authors: Bianchi Mariane Cristina , Bruzi Adriano Teodoro , Soares Igor Oliveri , Ribeiro Flaviane De Oliveira , Gesteira Gabriel De Siqueira
Published: October 2020

The objectives of this study were to examine the implication of the genotype × environment interaction (G × E) in the identification of genetically superior soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] progenies; to obtain estimates of genetic and phenotypic parameters for agronomic traits in soybean progenies; and to select genetically superior progenies to obtain lineages. Progenies F3:4 were evaluated in the municipalities of Lavras‐MG and Itutinga‐MG, Brazil, in the agricultural year 2016–2017. Progenies F3:5 were evaluated in the summer of 2017–2018 in the municipalities of Lavras‐MG, Itutinga‐MG, and Ijaci‐MG. The traits of days to flowering, days to full maturity, plant height, bottom pod height, lodging, and grain yield were evaluated. The genetic and phenotypic parameters, expected gain from selection, genetic correlation, correlated response, achieved heritability, and frequency distribution of the adjusted means were estimated. The estimates of the components of variance showed the existence of variability among the progenies, enabling the selection of superior genotypes. There was an effect of the G × E interaction for all traits, and most of the interaction was due to complex interaction. From the analysis of genotypic correlation, significant estimates were observed between the traits. The G × E interaction affected the estimates of genetic and phenotypic parameters in the soybean, and the achieved heritability is a tool to study this interaction.
Fresh vs. frozen allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell grafts: A successful timely option
Authors: Alotaibi Ahmad S. , Prem Shruti , Chen Shiyi , Lipton Jeffrey H. , Kim Dennis D. , Viswabandya Auro , Kumar Rajat , Lam Wilson , Law Arjun D. , Mattsson Jonas , Michelis Fotios V.
Published: October 2020

Cryopreservation of grafts has been established in autologous and cord blood transplantation, yet there is little experience regarding the effect of cryopreservation with sibling and unrelated grafts. We evaluated the effect of cryopreservation of grafts on allogeneic transplant outcomes using related, unrelated and haploidentical donors, including 958 patients, age 18‐74 years (median 55) and using PBSC for various hematologic malignancies. Fresh grafts were received by 648 (68%) patients, 310 (32%) received cryopreserved. There was no difference between fresh vs cryopreserved grafts for neutrophil engraftment (P = .09), platelet engraftment (P = .11), graft failure (5.6% vs 6.8%, P = .46) and grade II‐IV acute graft‐vs‐host disease (GVHD) (P = .71), moderate/severe chronic GVHD was observed in 176 (27%) vs 123 (40%) patients, respectively (P < .001). Multivariable analysis demonstrated no difference between fresh vs cryopreserved for OS (P = .39) and CIR (P = .08) while fresh grafts demonstrated borderline increased NRM (HR 1.27, 95% CI 1.02‐1.59, P = .04). Of note, for patients with no or mild chronic GVHD, CIR was less for fresh compared to cryopreserved (HR = 0.67 for fresh, 95% CI 0.48‐0.92, P = .01). We conclude there were no differences in engraftment and survival between fresh and cryopreserved grafts for allogeneic HCT, thus establishing cryopreservation to be a safe option for allogeneic HCT.
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) World Impact Survey (I‐WISh): Impact of ITP on health‐related quality of life
Authors: Cooper Nichola , Kruse Alexandra , Kruse Caroline , Watson Shirley , Morgan Mervyn , Provan Drew , Ghanima Waleed , Arnold Donald M. , Tomiyama Yoshiaki , Santoro Cristina , Michel Marc , Laborde Serge , Lovrencic Barbara , Hou Ming , Bailey Tom , Taylor‐Stokes Gavin , Haenig Jens , Bussel James B.
Published: October 2020

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) has a substantial, multifaceted impact on patients' health‐related quality of life (HRQoL). Data describing which aspects of ITP physicians and patients perceive as having the greatest impact are limited. The ITP World Impact Survey (I‐WISh) was a cross‐sectional survey, including 1507 patients and 472 physicians, to establish the impact of ITP on HRQoL and productivity from patient and physician perspectives. Patients reported that ITP reduced their energy levels (85% of patients), capacity to exercise (77%), and limited their ability to perform daily tasks (75%). Eighty percent of physicians reported that ITP symptoms reduced patient HRQoL, with 66% reporting ITP‐related fatigue substantially reduced patient HRQoL. Patients believed ITP had a substantial impact on emotional well‐being (49%) and 63% worried their condition would worsen. Because of ITP, 49% of patients had already reduced, or seriously considered reducing their working hours, and 29% had considered terminating their employment. Thirty‐six percent of patients employed at the time of the survey felt ITP decreased their work productivity, while 51% of patients with high/very high symptom burden reported that ITP affected their productivity. Note, I‐WISh demonstrated substantive impact of ITP on patients' HRQoL both directly for patients and from the viewpoint of their physicians. Patients reported reduced energy levels, expressed fears their condition might worsen, and those who worked experienced reduced productivity. Physicians should be aware not only of platelet counts and bleeding but also the multi‐dimensional impact of ITP on patients' lives as an integral component of disease management.
Climate, landscape diversity, and food sovereignty in arid Australia: The firestick farming hypothesis
Authors: Bliege Bird Rebecca , Bird Douglas W.
Published: October 2020

Objective

Climate change has long been recognized as a significant driver of dietary diversity and dietary quality. An often overlooked aspect of climate change are shifts in fire regimes, which have the potential to drastically affect landscape diversity, species distributions, and ultimately, human diets. Here, we investigate whether the fire regimes shaped by Indigenous Australians change landscape diversity in ways that improve dietary quality, considering both the diversity and the quantity of traditional foods in the diet.

Methods

We use structural equation modeling to explore two causal models of dietary quality, one focused on the direct effects of climate change and resource depression, the other incorporating the dietary effects of landscape diversity, itself a product of fire‐created patchiness. We draw on a focal camp dataset covering 10 years of observations of Martu foraging income in the Western Desert of Australia.

Results

We find strong support for the hypothesis that fire‐created patchiness improves diet quality. Climate change (cumulative 2‐year rainfall) has only an indirect effect on dietary quality; the availability of traditional foods is mediated primarily through the landscape diversity shaped by fire.

Conclusions

Our model suggests that the loss of the indigenous fire mosaic may lead to worsening availability of traditional foods, measured as both caloric intake and diet diversity. Because the effects of rainfall are mediated through landscape diversity, increased rainfall may not compensate for the recent changes in fire regimes resulting from the loss of Aboriginal fire from the landscape.
Kinetics of stone tool production among novice and expert tool makers
Authors: Williams‐Hatala Erin Marie , Hatala Kevin G. , Key Alastair , Dunmore Christopher J. , Kasper Margaret , Gordon McKenzie , Kivell Tracy L.
Published: October 2020

Objectives

As is the case among many complex motor tasks that require prolonged practice before achieving expertise, aspects of the biomechanics of knapping vary according to the relative experience/skill level of the practitioner. In archaeological experiments focused on the production of Plio‐Pleistocene stone tools, these skill‐mediated biomechanical differences have bearings on experimental design, the interpretation of results, and lithic assemblage analysis. A robust body of work exists on variation in kinematic patterns across skill levels but less is known about potential kinetic differences. The current study was undertaken to better understand kinetic patterns observed across skill levels during “Oldowan,” freehand stone tool production.

Materials and Methods

Manual pressure data were collected from 23 novice and 9 expert stone tool makers during the production of simple stone flakes using direct hard hammer percussion.

Results

Results show that expert tool makers experienced significantly lower cumulative pressure magnitudes and pressure–time integral magnitudes compared with novices. In expert knappers, digits I and II experienced similarly high pressures (both peak pressure and pressure–time integrals) and low variability in pressure relative to digits III–V. Novices, in contrast, tended to hold hammerstones such that pressure patterns were similar across digits II–V, and they showed low variability on digit I only.

Discussion

The similar and consistent emphasis of the thumb by both skill groups indicates the importance of this digit in stabilizing the hammerstone. The emphasis placed on digit II is exclusive to expert knappers, and so this digit may offer osteological signals diagnostic of habitual expert tool production.
Prevalence of cranial trauma in Eurasian Upper Paleolithic humans
Authors: Beier Judith , Anthes Nils , Wahl Joachim , Harvati Katerina
Published: October 2020

Objectives

This study characterizes patterns of cranial trauma prevalence in a large sample of Upper Paleolithic (UP) fossil specimens (40,000–10,000 BP).

Materials and Methods

Our sample comprised 234 individual crania (specimens), representing 1,285 cranial bones (skeletal elements), from 101 Eurasian UP sites. We used generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) to assess trauma prevalence in relation to age‐at‐death, sex, anatomical distribution, and between pre‐ and post‐Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) samples, while accounting for skeletal preservation.

Results

Models predicted a mean cranial trauma prevalence of 0.07 (95% CI 0.003–0.19) at the level of skeletal elements, and of 0.26 (95% CI 0.08–0.48) at the level of specimens, each when 76–100% complete. Trauma prevalence increased with skeletal preservation. Across specimen and skeletal element datasets, trauma prevalence tended to be higher for males, and was consistently higher in the old age group. We found no time‐specific trauma prevalence patterns for the two sexes or age cohorts when comparing samples from before and after the LGM. Samples showed higher trauma prevalence in the vault than in the face, with vault remains being affected predominantly in males.

Discussion

Cranial trauma prevalence in UP humans falls within the variation described for Mesolithic and Neolithic samples. According to our current dataset, UP males and females were exposed to slightly different injury risks and trauma distributions, potentially due to different activities or behaviors, yet both sexes exhibit more trauma among the old. Environmental stressors associated with climatic changes of the LGM are not reflected in cranial trauma prevalence. To analyze trauma in incomplete skeletal remains we propose GLMMs as an informative alternative to crude frequency calculations.
Factors associated with the progression of traumatic intracranial hematoma during interventional radiology to establish hemostasis of extracranial hemorrhagic injury in severe multiple trauma patients
Authors: Ochiai Hidenobu , Abe Tomohiro , Okuyama Hironobu , Nagamine Yasuhiro , Morisada Sunao , Kanemaru Katsuhiro
Published: October 2020

Aim

To identify factors affecting the progression of traumatic intracranial hemorrhagic injury (t‐ICH) during interventional radiology (IVR) for the hemostasis of extracranial hemorrhagic injury.

Methods

This was a retrospective comparative study. Fifty‐two patients with t‐ICH who underwent hemostasis using IVR for extracranial trauma at our institute were included. Clinical and computed tomography scan data were collected to investigate factors associated with t‐ICH progression.

Results

Fifty‐two subjects (36 men/16 women) with a mean age of 70.9 ± 19.2 years were analyzed. The mean Injury Severity Score was 34.9 ± 11.2. In 29 patients (55.7%), t‐ICH progressed during IVR. Hematoma progression frequently occurred in patients with acute subdural hematoma (56.2%) and traumatic intracerebral hematoma/hemorrhagic brain contusion (66.6%). Factors associated with t‐ICH progression included age (P = 0.029), consciousness level at admission (P = 0.001), Revised Trauma Scale (P = 0.036), probability of survival (P = 0.043), platelet count (P = 0.005), fibrinogen level (P = 0.016), hemoglobin level (P = 0.003), D‐dimer level (P = 0.046), and red blood cell transfusion volume (P = 0.023).

Conclusion

Aggressive correction of anemia, thrombocytopenia, and low fibrinogen levels in severe consciousness disturbance patients with acute subdural hematoma and traumatic intracerebral hematoma/hemorrhagic brain contusion could improve the prognosis after IVR for hemostasis of extracranial hemorrhagic injuries.
Fabrication of large‐area linear and nonlinear surface ripple structures on polystyrene films
Authors: Liu Chao‐Hwa , Lin Chia‐Hong , Lin Ching‐Bin
Published: October 2020

Ripple structures have been used in electronics, optics, magnetics, chemistry, and structural coloration. Commonly used methods for manufacturing large‐area polymeric thin films with ripple structures include mechanical buckling, fracture‐induced structures (FISs), and laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS). In this study, we further proposed two FIS methods to fabricate easily and quickly large area self‐generated nonlinear and linear micro‐ripple structures. The initially featureless polystyrene film was effectively bonded between two rigid JIS SKD 61 (SKD61) steel cylinders and two soft PET films and then peeled off, the latter was cryogenically treated in liquid nitrogen before peeling off, the polystyrene film fractured into two complementary sets of nonlinear and linear micro‐ripple structures of the same period. The SKD61/ polystyrene (PS)/SKD61 sandwiched film used a slower peeling velocity and a thinner polystyrene film, which could fabricate a more complete and shorter period nonlinear wave structure. As the PET/PS/PET sandwiched film was cryogenically processed, it could produce a steeper waveform and flat valley linear ripple structures without cracks and ripple dislocations, with a period about 37 μm and an area about 300 cm2.
A Boron Dipyrromethene‐Based Fluorescence ‘OFF‐ON’ Probe for Sensitive and Selective Detection of Palladium(II) Ions and Its Application in Live Cell Imaging
Authors: Chen Xiao‐Fei , Ma Qinhai , Wang Zhoulang , Xie Zeqiang , Song Yu , Ma Yanfang , Yang Zifeng , Zhao Xin
Published: October 2020

A novel boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY)‐based fluorescent probe BDP−Pd was designed and synthesized. Upon coordination with Pd2+, the emission of the probe at 508 nm significantly increased, showing an ‘OFF‐ON’ fluorescence response. The complexation of BDP−Pd with Pd2+ in both acetonitrile and aqueous solution were then studied by absorption and fluorescence spectra. The binding stoichiometry between the probe and Pd2+ was found to be 1 : 2, and the binding constant was determined to be 8.5×1010 M−2 and 8.2×1010 M−2 in acetonitrile and aqueous solution, respectively. The probe exhibited a detection limit as low as 0.72 ppb toward Pd2+ with no obvious interference from up to 21 species of common metal ions, suggesting BDP−Pd as a sensitive and selective fluorescent probe for Pd2+ detection. The fast fluorescence ‘OFF‐ON’ phenomenon of the probe upon coordination with Pd2+ ions could be easily observed by a hand‐hold UV lamp under naked eye in solution as well as on homemade test trips. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were carried out to give the optimized structure of complex BDP−Pd : 2Pd2+ and rationalize the detection mechanism through a prohibited intramolecular photoinduced electron transfer (PET) process. The bio‐imaging application of the probe was investigated and it showed excellent cell permeability for fluorescent imaging of Pd2+ ions in A549 human non‐small cell lung cancer cells.
How permeable could a reverse osmosis membrane be if it was specifically developed for uncharged organic solute rejection?
Authors: Wang Jinwen , Mo Yibing , McVerry Brian T. , Mahendra Shaily , Kaner Richard B. , Hoek Eric M.V.
Published: October 2020

Here, we present both experimental data and modeling results of the removal of four different polar organic solutes by six different commercial nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membranes in a natural groundwater matrix. These results are significant for two reasons. First, three of the polar organic solutes are contaminants commonly found in both drinking water aquifers and municipal wastewaters and, hence, are particularly relevant to the protection of public health in drinking water production and potable reuse applications. Second, our membrane transport model can be used (1) to understand the fundamental mechanism governing uncharged, polar organic solute rejection and (2) to make forward predictions about how one might alter NF/RO membrane chemistry and structure to achieve a desired level of rejection. Perhaps a disappointing conclusion is that, for uncharged, polar organic solutes, the only obvious means of improving rejection is to reduce pore size, increase barrier layer thickness, and/or decrease barrier layer porosity, all of which reduce water permeability and energy efficiency. However disappointing this conclusion may be, we believe the fundamental insights that can be derived from this work are significant and important for the drinking water and water reuse scientific communities.
Functional and genomic characterization of patient‐derived xenograft model to study the adaptation to mTORC1 inhibitor in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Sakamoto Hiromasa , Yamasaki Toshinari , Sumiyoshi Takayuki , Takeda Masashi , Shibasaki Noboru , Utsunomiya Noriaki , Arakaki Ryuichiro , Akamatsu Shusuke , Kobayashi Takashi , Inoue Takahiro , Kamba Tomomi , Nakamura Eijiro , Ogawa Osamu
Published: October 2020

Resistance to the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors, which are a standard treatment for advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), eventually develops in most cases. In this study, we established a patient‐derived xenograft (PDX) model which acquired resistance to the mTOR inhibitor temsirolimus, and explored the underlying mechanisms of resistance acquisition. Temsirolimus was administered to PDX model mice, and one cohort of PDX models acquired resistance after repeated passages. PDX tumors were genetically analyzed by whole‐exome sequencing and detected several genetic alterations specific to resistant tumors. Among them, mutations in ANKRD12 and DNMT1 were already identified in the early passage of a resistant PDX model, and we focused on a DNMT1 mutation as a potential candidate for developing the resistant phenotype. While DNMT1 expression in temsirolimus‐resistant tumors was comparable with the control tumors, DNMT enzyme activity was decreased in resistant tumors compared with controls. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR‐associated protein 9‐mediated heterozygous knockdown of DNMT1 in the temsirolimus‐sensitive ccRCC (786‐O) cell line was shown to result in a temsirolimus‐resistant phenotype in vitro and in vivo. Integrated gene profiles using methylation and microarray analyses of PDX tumors suggested a global shift for the hypomethylation status including promotor regions, and showed the upregulation of several molecules that regulate the mTOR pathway in temsirolimus‐resistant tumors. Present study showed the feasibility of PDX model to explore the mechanisms of mTOR resistance acquisition and suggested that genetic alterations, including that of DNMT1, which alter the methylation status in cancer cells, are one of the potential mechanisms of developing resistance to temsirolimus.
Prognostic value of radiation interruption in different periods for nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients in the intensity‐modulated radiation therapy era
Authors: Yang Xing‐Li , Zhou Guan‐Qun , Lin Li , Zhang Lu‐Lu , Chen Fo‐Ping , Lv Jia‐Wei , Kou Jia , Wen Dan‐Wan , Ma Jun , Sun Ying , Mao Yan‐Ping
Published: October 2020

We aimed to investigate the prognostic value of radiation interruptions at different times on the overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma receiving intensity‐modulated radiation therapy. Totally, 4510 patients were identified from a well‐established big‐data intelligence platform. Optimal interruption thresholds were identified using Recursive partitioning analyses. Actuarial rates were plotted using the Kaplan–Meier method and were compared using the log‐rank test. Patients with preceding interruptions ≥1 d (5‐year OS, 89.6% vs. 85.7%, p < 0.001; 5‐year DFS, 81.4% vs. 76.4%, p < 0.001), or latter interruptions ≥4 d (88.4% vs. 82.3%, p < 0.001; 79.2% vs. 75.1%, p = 0.006) showed significant detrimental effects on OS and DFS than patients without those interruptions. However, no significant lower survival was identified in latter interruptions ≥1 d (5‐year OS: 89.0% vs. 86.7%, p = 0.053; 5‐year DFS, 80.2% vs. 77.8%, p = 0.080). Latter interruptions ≥4 d was an independent unfavorable prognostic factor for OS (HR, 1.404; 95% CI, 1.143–1.723, p = 0.001) and DFS (HR, 1.351; 95% CI, 1.105–1.652, p = 0.003) in multivariate analysis. Radiation interruptions longer than 3 days that occurred in the latter period of treatment with IMRT were independent factors in poorer survival. Efforts are needed to minimize radiation interruptions and improve the timely provision of treatment.
Safety and efficacy of photobiomodulation therapy in oncology: A systematic review
Authors: Bensadoun René‐Jean , Epstein Joel B. , Nair Raj G. , Barasch Andrei , Raber‐Durlacher Judith E. , Migliorati Cesar , Genot‐Klastersky Marie‐Thérèse , Treister Nathaniel , Arany Praveen , Lodewijckx Joy , Robijns Jolien ,   the World Association for Laser Therapy (WALT)
Published: October 2020

We performed a systematic review of the current literature addressing the safety and efficacy of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in cancer patients. In this systematic review, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used. In vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies, which investigated the effect of PBMT on cell proliferation/differentiation, tumor growth, recurrence rate, and/or overall survival were included. The Medline/PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus databases were searched through April 2020. A total of 67 studies met the inclusion criteria with 43 in vitro, 15 in vivo, and 9 clinical studies identified. In vitro studies investigating the effect of PBMT on a diverse range of cancer cell lines demonstrated conflicting results. This could be due to the differences in used parameters and the frequency of PBM applications. In vivo studies and clinical trials with a follow‐up period demonstrated that PBMT is safe with regards to tumor growth and patient advantage in the prevention and treatment of specific cancer therapy‐related complications. Current human studies, supported by most animal studies, show safety with PBMT using currently recommended clinical parameters, including in Head & Neck cancer (HNC) in the area of PBMT exposure. A significant and growing literature indicates that PBMT is safe and effective, and may even offer a benefit in patient overall survival. Nevertheless, continuing research is indicated to improve understanding and provide further elucidation of remaining questions regarding PBM use in oncology.
Rectus sheath hematoma in patients receiving subcutaneous enoxaparin: A case series of five patients
Authors: Mendes Diogo , Penedones Ana , Martins Michele , Cavadas Susana , Alves Carlos , Batel‐Marques Francisco
Published: October 2020

Physicians must acknowledge the potential risk of RSH with enoxaparin. Switching home anticoagulation by enoxaparin upon hospital admission is common, but it may put patients at higher risk for RSH. Management guidelines are needed in this setting.
Three‐Dimensional SnS2 Nanoarrays with Enhanced Lithium‐Ion Storage Properties
Authors: Shi Xinyu , Yang Zuguang , Liu Yumei , Tang Yi , Liu Yuxia , Gao Shuyan , Yang Yan , Chen Xianyong , Zhong Yanjun , Wu Zhenguo , Guo Xiaodong , Zhong Benhe
Published: October 2020

Three‐dimensional (3D) SnS2 nanoarrays were obtained by oriented‐growth of nanosheets on 3D porous carbon substrates derived from Co‐based zeolitic imidazolate framework, ZIF‐67. With the structure advantages of shortened ion diffusion length, high stress relief volume and enhanced conductivity, the 3D SnS2 nanoarrays display favorable lithium‐ion storage properties, possessing a high reversible capacity (658 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1, after 100 cycles) and outstanding rate property (651 mAh g−1 at 3 A g−1). This strategy paves a method for designing other 3D metal sulfides nanoarrays for energy storage application.
Correction of overlapping peaks of Pb and As spectrum based on a chaotic particle swarm optimization–Gaussian mixture statistical model
Authors: Wu Xijun , Zhang Jie , Zhao Xueliang , Xiao Chunyan , Shi Yanxin , Li Shaohua
Published: October 2020

Energy‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy has been effectively applied to detect heavy metals in soil because of its fast detection speed, low cost, and high accuracy. However, overlapping peaks appear in the detection of some heavy metals, such as Pb and As, resulting in significant errors in the detection. Therefore, it is impossible to accurately predict the content of heavy metals in soil. To solve this problem, a Gaussian mixture statistical model (GMSM) is applied based on physical characteristics randomly formed by X‐rays combined with statistical ideas. Subsequently, when estimating the parameters of the GMSM, performing particle swarm optimization (PSO) causes the parameters to fall into the local optima easily. Chaos theory is introduced to the PSO algorithm to promote its weight update strategy, and the chaotic PSO (CPSO) with an anti‐premature mechanism is proposed to achieve global convergence. When using CPSO‐GMSM to analyze the overlapping peaks, the relative error compared with the actual single metal sample is less than 0.0693, and the error compared with the actual characteristic peak position is less than 0.0133. The overlapping peaks are corrected effectively, providing a foundation for the accurate quantitative analysis of heavy metals in soil.
Dynamische Prozesssimulation als Werkzeug in der Sicherheitsanalyse
Authors: Hecht Corinna , Rix Armin , Paul Niklas , Zitzewitz Philip
Published: October 2020

Dynamische Simulationen gewinnen an Bedeutung zur Unterstützung von Sicherheitsanalysen, da sie es erlauben, nichtlineare dynamische Zusammenhänge auch über die Grenzen individueller Apparate oder Prozesseinheiten hinweg transparent zu machen und die Effektivität von Gegenmaßnahmen zu quantifizieren. Sie leisten einen Beitrag zum Design wirksamer Absicherungskonzepte und helfen so, übermäßig konservative Auslegungen zu vermeiden. Der ausreichende Geltungsbereich fluiddynamischer Modelle aus Programm‐Bibliotheken ist zu validieren. Hier sind oft Modellerweiterungen nötig.
“A Change Would Do You Good”: How HR practices can promote change‐championing behaviour in police organizations
Authors: Kalyal Hina , Grabarski Mirit K.
Published: October 2020

The current study attempts to determine whether HR practices such as job autonomy, training, and organizational support in terms of rewards are related to positive change behaviours toward the community policing program among first‐line police officers. We also test the role of affective commitment and change‐related self‐efficacy as mediators of these relationships. Based on a survey of 476 officers in a large police department in the United States, our results show that affective commitment to change emerged as a mediator while the mediating effect of change‐related self‐efficacy was not significant. The study has important implications for HR and for implementing change programs in police organizations globally and in Canada.
Comparison of high‐power short‐duration and low‐power long‐duration radiofrequency ablation for treating atrial fibrillation: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Chao‐feng , Wu Jing , Jin Chao‐lun , Liu Mei‐jun , Xu Yi‐zhou
Published: October 2020

Background

High power shorter duration (HPSD) ablation seen to increase efficacy and safety treating of atrial fibrillation (AF); however, comparative data between HPSD and low power longer duration (LPLD) ablation are limited.

Hypothesis

We thought that HPSD might bring more clinical benefits. The aim of this meta‐analysis was to evaluate the clinical benefits of HPSD in patients with AF.

Methods

The Medline, PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched for studies comparing HPSD and LPLD ablation.

Results

Ten trials with 2467 patients were included in the analysis. Pooled analyses demonstrated that HPSD showed a benefit of first‐pass pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) (risk ratio [RR]: 1.20; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.10‐1.31, P < .001) and recurrence of atrial arrhythmias (RR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.58‐0.91, P = .005). Additionally, HPSD could reduce procedural time (weighted mean difference [WMD]: −42.93; 95% CI, −58.10 to −27.75, P < .001), ablation time (WMD: −21.01; 95% CI: −24.55 to −17.47, P < .001), and fluoroscopy time (WMD: −4.11; 95% CI: −6.78 to −1.45, P < .001). Moreover, major complications and esophageal thermal injury (ETI) were similar between two groups (RR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.44‐1.30, P = .31) and (RR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.21‐1.51, P = .26).

Conclusions

HPSD was safe and efficient for treating AF. Compared with LPLD, HPSD was associated with advantages of procedural features, higher first‐pass PVI and reducing recurrence of atrial arrhythmias. Moreover, major complications and ETI were similar between two groups.
Activity of sirolimus in patients with progressive epithelioid hemangioendothelioma: A case‐series analysis within the Italian Rare Cancer Network
Authors: Stacchiotti Silvia , Simeone Noemi , Lo Vullo Salvatore , Baldi Giacomo G. , Brunello Antonella , Vincenzi Bruno , Palassini Elena , Dagrada GianPaolo , Collini Paola , Morosi Carlo , Greco Francesca G. , Sbaraglia Marta , Dei Tos Angelo P. , Mariani Luigi , Frezza Anna Maria , Casali Paolo G.
Published: October 2020

Background

The objective of this study was to report on a retrospective series of patients with epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) who received treatment with sirolimus within the Italian Rare Cancer Network.

Methods

From January 2005, 38 adult patients with advanced EHE received continuous‐dosing sirolimus, 5 mg daily, until they developed either toxicity or disease progression. Disease progression in the 6 months before the start of treatment was required. Each pathologic diagnosis was reviewed. The daily dose of sirolimus was adjusted based on plasma levels. Response was retrospectively assessed by local investigators using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, version 1.1 (RECIST). Survival was estimated using the Kaplan‐Meier method.

Results

All 38 patients (WW Domain Containing Transcription Regulator 1 [WWTR1]‐positive, n = 37; transcription factor E3 [TFE3]‐positive, n = 1) had disease progression before starting sirolimus (at baseline, 13 of 38 patients had the presence of serosal effusions and systemic symptoms). Thirty‐seven patients were evaluable for response (there was 1 early interruption). The best RECIST responses were a partial response in 4 patients (10.8%), stable disease in 28 patients (75.7%), and disease progression in 5 patients (13.5%). At a 41.5‐month median follow‐up (interquartile range [IQR], 23.9‐56.8 months), the median PFS was 13 months (95% CI, 3.7 months to not estimated [NE]), and the median OS was 18.8 months (95% CI, 10.6 months to NE). In patients who had serosal effusions at baseline, the median PFS was 4.8 months (IQR, 3.5‐11.7 months), and the median OS was 10.6 months (IQR, 5.1‐13.0 months), compared with 47.8 months (IQR, 11.4 months to NE) and 47.8 months (IQR, 15.7 months to NE), respectively, in patients without serosal effusions. Overall, sirolimus was fairly well tolerated, with 10 patients reporting irregular menstruation/ovary disfunction.

Conclusions

The current results confirm that sirolimus is active in EHE, leading to prolonged stabilization in most patients who present without serosal effusions. Serosal effusions are confirmed as an unfavorable prognostic sign associated with short survival, and sirolimus displays limited activity in this subgroup.