bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análise de hormônios em águas residuárias e naturais, derivada da extração com ponteiras descartáveis e detecção por HPLC-FL
Authors: Cordeiro Letícia Darlla , Consolin Filho Nelson , Valderrama Leonardo , Leite Oldair Donizete , Miskalo Bianca Borsato , Consolin Marcilene Ferrari Barriquello
Published: March 2021

Contaminantes emergentes apresentam, em ambientes aquáticos naturais, concentrações muito baixas, situando-se na faixa de µg L-1 a ng L-1, em alguns casos, níveis de concentração ainda mais baixos já foram analisados, portanto, torna-se necessário que o preparo de amostras seja eficiente para concentrar e minimizar as interferências para a determinação desses contaminantes emergentes. Este trabalho envolveu um estudo em que, a partir do uso de ponteiras descartáveis (DPX) fez-se a extração dos contaminantes emergentes, no caso os hormônios femininos, a partir de águas residuarias e naturais. Após o procedimento de extração fez-se a determinação dos hormônios presentes nas amostras de água através de Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência com Acoplamento de Fluorescência (HPLC-FL). Os resultados mostraram a presença de três hormônios nas amostras, o estriol, o B-Estradiol e o 17-α-Etinilestradiol, com concentrações na faixa de µg L-1. Esta mistura dinâmica da fase sólida dispersiva da amostra favorece o rápido equilíbrio de sorção do analito. Já a menor massa de sorvente, resulta em menores volumes de amostra e de solvente orgânico. Além disso, a extração por DPX pode ser facilmente automatizada juntamente com a detecção em HPLC-FL.
Análise do conforto térmico nos projetos de enfermarias hospitalares nos trópicos: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Holanda Maurus Marques de Almeida , Lima Kelly Christine Silva de , Lima Daniel Meira Nóbrega de , Souza Lucas Almeida de , Feitosa Artur Roosevelt Cruz de Macêdo
Published: March 2021

Introdução: A qualidade do projeto arquitetônico depende de uma variedade de fatores que lhes dão forma e significado. O ambiente construído, entre eles o hospitalar, necessita de padrões estéticos, ergonômicos, acústicos, visuais, higrotérmicos, psicológicos e da qualidade do ar. Ademais, deve-se evidenciar o impacto na qualidade do atendimento pelo bem-estar do profissional, bem como dos pacientes internados e ambulatoriais. Objetivo: Averiguar as diferenças obtidas nas pesquisas em países tropicais com os parâmetros esperados pelo ASHRAE e ISO 7730. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo multicêntrico realizado entre a Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) e o Centro Universitário de João Pessoa (UNIPE), a partir de uma abordagem interdisciplinar e multiprofissional entre a medicina e a arquitetura através de uma revisão sistemática. Tem um caráter qualitativo, descritivo, e foi realizado entre janeiro de 2019 e janeiro de 2020, através das bases de dados PubMED/MEDLINE, Crossref, Scopus, CAPES, Web of Science e Science Direct, incluindo um total de dez trabalhos. Resultados e Discussão: Percebe-se que há uma diferença significativa em todas as pesquisas que buscaram diferenciar a temperatura neutra utilizando-se o TSV e o PMV. Sendo a variação maior do que 1°C e chegando até 3,1°C de diferença. Ademais, os padrões de conforto térmico estabelecidos pelo padrão PMV da ASHRAE-55 não representam ambientes hospitalares em países com clima tropical ou subtropical. Conclusão: Compreende-se que devem ser realizadas pesquisas locais visando adequar os padrões de temperatura às populações que nela habitam.
Vulnerabilidade socioambiental em comunidade ribeirinha: a experiência da Ilha de Deus, Recife/PE
Authors: Cavalcanti Manuella Batista , Melo Daniele de Castro Pessoa de
Published: March 2021

Este estudo busca analisar a situação de vulnerabilidade socioambiental observada nos moradores da Ilha de Deus, comunidade ribeirinha em área periférica da cidade do Recife. Verificou-se quais fatores podem contribuir para a sua mitigação, a partir do papel desempenhado pelas ações e programas do Estado de Pernambuco desde 2009 até os dias atuais, tornando a existência humana mais digna. Foi realizada abordagem de problemas que acarretam a precariedade das condições de vida, como habitação, infraestrutura e serviços sociais pouco eficientes. A partir de estudos comparativos, observou-se que as intervenções realizadas pelo Poder Público com a implantação de projeto de urbanização, participativo e integrado nas dimensões sócio-econômico-ambientais, foi relevante para diminuir a situação de pobreza da população. Foi explanado referencial teórico, abordando a evolução da temática urbana ambiental, a vulnerabilidade socioambiental, o direito à cidade e as políticas públicas. A metodologia utilizada foi comparativa e observacional, tendo sido realizadas pesquisas descritiva e exploratória, com aplicação de questionário e visitas à comunidade. A partir da análise do grau de vulnerabilidade de outros estudos, revelou-se uma melhoria da qualidade de vida, mas também incidência de fragilidades, principalmente devido à descontinuidade das obras, bem como falta de ações governamentais integradas que objetivem o fomento à geração de renda.
Biocarvão de caroço de açaí no desenvolvimento de mudas de paricá [Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (Huber ex Ducke) Barneby]
Authors: Torres Leandro Marques , Soares Lorena Fernanda Araújo , Azevedo Sarah Dias , Araújo Suzana Romeiro , Souza Regilene Angélica da Silva
Published: March 2021

No município de Belém há elevada produção de resíduos advindos do beneficiamento do caroço de açaí, em virtude deste fruto ser um produto que mobiliza o setor econômico da capital. Sabe-se que este resíduo pode servir como matéria-prima para a confecção de filtros no tratamento de água, na fabricação de alimentos à animais, na composição de artesanatos, além de servir como componente na preparação de substratos para desenvolvimento de plantas. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar semanalmente o desenvolvimento de mudas de Paricá (Shizolobium amazonicum) em Latossolo Amarelo de textura média misturado em diferentes proporções com Biocarvão de Caroço de Açaí (BCA) por 40 dias. Os experimentos foram dispostos em casa de vegetação com delineamento inteiramente casualizado, totalizando dez tratamentos e quatro repetições. As variáveis analisadas foram altura da parte aérea (APA), diâmetro do coleto (DC), matéria seca da parte aérea (MSPA) e matéria seca de raiz (MSR). Os tratamentos constaram de diferentes proporções de solo e BCA (350°C). Os dados foram tratados e submetidos à análise de variância (ANOVA) (p<0,05) e comparados pelo teste t, por meio do software ASSISTAT Versão 7.7. Após 7 dias do transplantio das mudas, todos os tratamentos que continham biocarvão (350°C) tiveram suas bases do coletos queimadas e não se desenvolveram. o tratamento T3 (100% solo com calagem, sem adubação) proporcionou melhor desenvolvimento das mudas de Paricá, com maior crescimento em altura (23, 37 cm), diâmetro do coleto (3,89 mm), MSPA (1,68g), MSR (0,67g), MST (2,36g), assim como um índice de qualidade de Dickson (0,27) considerado adequado. Logo, verificou-se que o BCA não propiciou bom desenvolvimento nas espécies quando misturado ao solo.
Análise comparativa do ciclo de vida de materiais estruturantes construtivos em um pavilhão aviário
Authors: Siqueira Ciro Andrade , Carvalho Filho Marco Marco Aurélio da Silva
Published: March 2021

A indústria da construção civil é sinalizada como causadora de impactos severos ao meio ambiente. Diante deste cenário, o desafio é reduzir os agentes causadores de impactos ambientais. Uma forma de atingir resultados positivos nessa tarefa se dá pela substituição de insumos tradicionais, que, em sua maioria, apresentam alto impacto ao meio ambiente, sejam eles materiais de construção inovadores ou alternativos. A Análise do Ciclo de Vida (ACV) permite um diagnóstico sobre o processo produtivo de um produto, analisando não somente a utilização do material, como também toda sua cadeia produtiva, da extração da matéria-prima ao descarte. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi realizar uma análise comparativa do ciclo de vida do alumínio e do concreto como materiais estruturantes em um pavilhão aviário. O método adotado seguiu as recomendações das normas para ACV, as NBR ISO 14040 e 14044. Para a análise dos dados, foi utilizado o programa computacional OpenLCA versão 1.6.3 com a base de dados Ecoinvent versão 3.3, e, para a análise dos impactos, foram empregados os métodos CML e Demanda Cumulativa de Energia (CED). Dentro da fronteira do estudo, que compreende da produção do material ao local de construção, os resultados para a avaliação do inventário do alumínio provaram ser de menor impacto em relação ao concreto. Também foi analisado o uso de energia primária gasta durante o processo de produção com o alumínio e, mais uma vez, seus resultados mostraram menor impacto que o concreto.
Percepções sobre aspectos da conservação dos quelônios na região do Baixo Xingu, Sudeste da Amazônia Brasileira
Authors: Ataídes Adson Gomes de , Silva Roberto Leandro , Malvasio Adriana
Published: March 2021

O aumento da compreensão dos papéis culturais, sociais e econômicos dos quelônios amazônicos é essencial para estabelecer planos de manejo e conservação eficazes. Nesse sentido, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas e da análise de conteúdo, o presente estudo avaliou percepções de moradores da região do baixo Xingu sobre aspectos relacionados à conservação dos quelônios. A maioria dos 55 moradores entrevistados considera que os quelônios têm grande importância cultural, social e ambiental; destaca costumes e falta de recursos financeiros como os principais motivos para os usos dos quelônios na região; reconhece que as iniciativas conservacionistas desenvolvidas são eficazes, entretanto, afirma que os estoques naturais diminuíram ou estão diminuindo em razão da ação antrópica; participaria voluntariamente de ações para conservação dos quelônios, mas não incentivaria familiares e amigos a não consumirem esses répteis. Conhecimentos e atitudes a respeito dos quelônios estiveram relacionados às características socioeconômicas dos entrevistados. Os resultados sugerem que em razão do uso cultural como alimento e do comércio ilegal, os quelônios sofrem intensa pressão de caça. Assim como evidenciam a relevância dos aspectos culturais e socioeconômicos, envolvimento comunitário efetivo, geração de alternativas de renda e esforços educacionais contínuos para recuperação e manutenção das espécies de quelônios na região. Estudos futuros devem avaliar a longo prazo os efeitos dos usos e consumo desses répteis sobre seus estoques naturais, assim como aprofundar o conhecimento sobre como as variáveis socioeconômicas influenciam os hábitos e atitudes dos habitantes locais em relação a esses animais.
Políticas públicas ambientais: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Nadal Karla , Kuasoski Marli , Mascarenhas Luis Paulo Gomes , Maganhotto Ronaldo Ferreira , Doliveira Sérgio Luís Dias
Published: March 2021

Este artigo de revisão sistemática objetivou analisar o que está sendo investigado no campo das políticas públicas ambientais. Os procedimentos metodológicos utilizados foram descritivo, bibliográfico, com abordagem qualitativa. A coleta abrangeu as bases eletrônicas de dados Emerald, Scielo Citation Index, Science Direct e Scopus (Elsevier). As palavras chaves utilizadas foram 'políticas públicas ambientais' e 'meio ambiente e políticas públicas', sendo que esses termos também foram pesquisados em inglês e espanhol. A busca foi realizada por meio dos operadores booleanos, resultando em 22 (vinte e dois) artigos publicados nas bases. Desse total, foram excluídos os artigos repetidos e aqueles que não contemplavam o foco desta pesquisa. Após a aplicação dos Testes de Relevância, foram selecionados 12 (doze) artigos que compuseram a amostra final. Os resultados apontaram que, dentro das políticas públicas, os estudos concentram-se em discussões sobre desenvolvimento sustentável, formulação e implementação das políticas públicas, bem como a gestão ambiental. Também abordou-se a legislação ambiental e a participação social para o desenvolvimento de políticas ambientais. A principal conclusão consiste em afirmar que as publicações relacionadas às políticas públicas ambientais no Brasil ainda são incipientes e demandam de mais pesquisas para consolidar esse campo de conhecimento.
Trends in scientific publication on ethnozoology: Brazilâ€™s highlight in international science
Authors: Oliveira Aline Mamede Vidica , Lopes Wellington Hannibal
Published: March 2021

We investigate the trends of the scientific publication on ethno-zoological studies by using the word 'Ethnozoology' in the Web of Science database. We associate the number of published documents with the timescale, publication sources, countries and affiliations, authors, and most frequent words in the publications. We found 177 documents published between 1967 and 2019, with a significant increase over the last 10 years. The Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge hosted 39% of the publications. Brazil represented by the Universities: Paraíba State, Paraíba Federal and Pernambuco Rural Federal led 44% of the publications. Alves RRN was the most prominent author, maintaining a high index of publications since 2005. Conservation, animals, knowledge, remedies, fishing communities and folk medicine were the most frequent words in the publications. Despite, ethnozoology to be a traditional science, with more than 50 years since its first published study; Scientific knowledge about ethnozoology has been concentrated in the last 10 years, being mainly developed by Brazilians, who have published in international impact journals. The most relevant words demonstrated that knowledge about the use of animals as fishing resources and folk medicine has major implications for the conservation of biodiversity.
Geotechnology applied to predict the risk of occurrence of fire in the Atlantic Forest
Authors: Ramalho Antonio Henrique Cordeiro , Neder Eleon de Castro , Fiedler Nilton Cesar , Moreira Taís Rizzo , Silva Jeferson Pereira Martins
Published: March 2021

The maintenance of biodiversity is a global concern in economic, social and environmental terms. Thus, conservation units for the protection of natural environments were created. Despite the importance of these areas, forest fires have caused immeasurable and constant damage to Conservation Units. In view of this, the objective of this study was to determine the risk areas of forest fire occurrence through Fuzzy logic modeling in the Córrego Grande Biological Reserve, located in the Mata Atlântica Brazilian biome. In order to prospect for areas at risk of forest fires, the following variables were inserted in the model: land use, road network, slope and relief orientation. Finally, the model was validated by comparing the location of fire occurrences between the years 2008 and 2018, and a layout of the risk classes in the study area. In doing so, it was found that 65.87% of the area is between the 'moderate' and 'very high' range of fire risk classes, and that 70.22% of the fires which occurred in the studied period also occurred in that class range. The study concluded that the most influential variable on the risk level of fire occurrence is the forest road network. In this way, the proposed methodology can be applied to any other areas and types of land cover.
Hábitos alimentares da toninha (Pontoporia blainvillei) na costa norte do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Authors: Beneditto Ana Paula Madeira Di , Siciliano Salvatore
Published: March 2021

Esta nota de pesquisa descreve as presas identificadas no conteúdo estomacal de quatro carcaças de toninha, Pontoporia blainvillei, recuperadas a partir de encalhes em praias da costa norte do Rio de Janeiro, sudeste do Brasil, entre 2010 e 2011. Os peixes identificados como presas foram Lycengraulis grossidens, Trichiurus lepturus, Paralonchurus brasiliensis, Chirocentrodon bleekerianus, Isopisthus parvipinnis, Pellona harroweri e Stellifer rastrifer. Os cefalópodes consumidos foram as lulas Doryteuthis plei e D. sanpaulensis. Camarões da família Penaeidae cuja identificação específica não foi possível foram registrados nos conteúdos estomacais. Todas as presas são espécies costeiras, abundantes na região. A comparação com dados pretéritos sobre a alimentação de P. blainvillei, obtidos entre 1989 e 1999, sugere que não houve mudança temporal no seu hábito alimentar preferencial na região.
Fake news : les bibliothécaires du Québec veulent faire partie de l’équation
Authors: Sauvé Mathieu-Robert , Lapointe Jean-Michel , Coutant Alexandre
Published: March 2021

Cette enquête présente les perceptions de la communauté des bibliothécaires professionnels du Québec face aux fake news et les initiatives que celle-ci a mis en place pour lutter contre la désinformation. Au moyen d’un questionnaire en ligne soumis durant l’été 2020, auquel 263 bibliothécaires provenant de divers milieux d’exercice ont répondu, la consultation révèle que la quasi-totalité des bibliothécaires se préoccupent de la présence des fake news dans le paysage médiatique. Pour freiner les fake news, l’éducation aux médias et à l’information est une solution qui fait consensus, mais le recours aux lois reçoit un accueil mitigé. Grâce aux commentaires reçus, l’enquête met en lumière de nombreuses initiatives locales et nationales visant à sensibiliser la population aux dangers de la désinformation et lui donner des outils pour éviter de tomber dans le panneau. En conclusion, les auteurs encouragent les bibliothécaires à intervenir davantage sur la place publique, notamment en faisant valoir leur expertise, car celle-ci peut être utile à l’ensemble des citoyens.
L’archiviste en contexte de documentation de la pandémie de la COVID-19 : vers une mission sociale
Authors: Alaoui Siham
Published: March 2021

Dans un contexte socioculturel où les institutions de mémoire s’emparent des technologies afin de réinventer leurs relations avec leurs usagers, les pratiques de l’archive s’orientent vers une voie plus participative et sociale. Plus encore, les bouleversements engendrés par la crise sanitaire actuelle liée à la COVID-19 amènent les institutions de mémoire à repenser leurs manières de remplir leur mission culturelle. Avec la déclaration de l’UNESCO pour la documentation de la pandémie, ces institutions ont opté pour plusieurs stratégies afin de démocratiser l’accès aux contenus culturels et impliquer davantage les citoyens dans la documentation collective de la crise. Dans ce contexte, les usagers acquièrent de nouveaux rôles en tant que producteurs et consommateurs de contenus culturels. Ainsi, l’archiviste est amené à se repositionner dans l’objectif de valoriser son rôle comme acteur social qui participe à la création d’un troisième lieu numérique, en aidant les usagers à socialiser et à partager leurs affects dans un climat de confiance et de collaboration.
L’archivistique est-elle une science expérimentale ?
Authors: Potin Yann , Roullier Clothilde
Published: March 2021

Dans le prolongement des journées d’étude intitulées L’archivistique est-elle une science ?, organisées par l’École nationale des chartes et l’Association des archivistes français à la Sorbonne en janvier 2003, les auteurs se proposent d’analyser la façon dont, ces dernières années, la recherche en archivistique tend, au gré d’initiatives diverses, à devenir expérimentale. Ils soutiennent l’idée que cette tendance leur semble bénéfique et ils l’encouragent dans leurs propres actions, à travers des expériences humaines et interinstitutionnelles. Ils rappellent d’ailleurs qu’Yves Pérotin, figure tutélaire du métier d’archiviste, avait, en 1961, non pas formulé une « théorie » des trois âges, mais proposé une forme d’expérimentation conceptuelle.
La recherche en archivistique à l’épreuve de la société numérique
Authors: Chabin Marie-Anne
Published: March 2021

La recherche en archivistique est inséparable de la réalité archivistique qu’elle doit analyser, mais qu’elle peut aussi orienter. C’est pourquoi, l’article décrit d’abord la double transformation numérique des archives : mise en ligne de documents analogiques numérisés et explosion d’une production nativement numérique très diversifiée. Il évoque ensuite les conséquences du numérique sur les processus archivistiques : fragilité des supports dans la durée, décentralisation possible du stockage, technologies d’exploitation des données massives et algorithmes. Considérant la place relativement modeste qu’occupent aujourd’hui les nouveaux objets et traitements numériques dans la recherche en archivistique, il s’interroge sur le positionnement de la discipline au sein des sciences de l’information et des sciences humaines.
Effective Advocacy
Authors: Haddad Mary Alice
Published: March 2021

An examination of successful environmental advocacy strategies in East Asia that shows how advocacy can be effective under difficult conditions.

The countries of East Asia—China, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan—are home to some of the most active and effective environmental advocates in the world. And the governments of these countries have adopted a range of innovative policies to fight pollution and climate change: Japan leads the world in emissions standards, China has become the world's largest producer of photovoltaic panels, and Taiwan and South Korea have undertaken major green initiatives. In this book, Mary Alice Haddad examines the advocacy strategies that persuaded citizens, governments, and businesses of these countries to change their behavior.

How did environmental activists succeed in countries that favor business interests and are generally hostile to citizen-based advocacy? Haddad identifies and describes, with examples, five of the most effective advocacy strategies used by environmentalists in East Asia: cultivate policy access, make it work locally, make it work for business, engage the heart, and think outside the box. Drawing on both qualitative and quantitative data, she develops the Connected Stakeholder Model to show how advocates work through personal and professional networks to influence people in power. Stakeholders involved in policymaking are connected to diverse and multiple networks, which help them to develop complex ideas about the policies they develop. East Asia's effective advocacy strategies, as well as Haddad's theoretical framework, offer valuable lessons for activists, policy makers, and researchers.

The open access edition of this book was made possible by generous funding from Arcadia – a charitable fund of Lisbet Rausing and Peter Baldwin.
Effects of domestication on the gut microbiota parallel those of human industrialization
Authors: Reese Aspen T , Chadaideh Katia S , Diggins Caroline E , Schell Laura D , Beckel Mark , Callahan Peggy , Ryan Roberta , Emery Thompson Melissa , Carmody Rachel N
Published: March 2021

Domesticated animals experienced profound changes in diet, environment, and social interactions that likely shaped their gut microbiota and were potentially analogous to ecological changes experienced by humans during industrialization. Comparing the gut microbiota of wild and domesticated mammals plus chimpanzees and humans, we found a strong signal of domestication in overall gut microbial community composition and similar changes in composition with domestication and industrialization. Reciprocal diet switches within mouse and canid dyads demonstrated the critical role of diet in shaping the domesticated gut microbiota. Notably, we succeeded in recovering wild-like microbiota in domesticated mice through experimental colonization. Although fundamentally different processes, we conclude that domestication and industrialization have impacted the gut microbiota in related ways, likely through shared ecological change. Our findings highlight the utility, and limitations, of domesticated animal models for human research and the importance of studying wild animals and non-industrialized humans for interrogating signals of host–microbial coevolution.
A visual pathway for skylight polarization processing in Drosophila
Authors: Hardcastle Ben J , Omoto Jaison J , Kandimalla Pratyush , Nguyen Bao-Chau M , Keleş Mehmet F , Boyd Natalie K , Hartenstein Volker , Frye Mark A
Published: March 2021

Many insects use patterns of polarized light in the sky to orient and navigate. Here, we functionally characterize neural circuitry in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, that conveys polarized light signals from the eye to the central complex, a brain region essential for the fly’s sense of direction. Neurons tuned to the angle of polarization of ultraviolet light are found throughout the anterior visual pathway, connecting the optic lobes with the central complex via the anterior optic tubercle and bulb, in a homologous organization to the ‘sky compass’ pathways described in other insects. We detail how a consistent, map-like organization of neural tunings in the peripheral visual system is transformed into a reduced representation suited to flexible processing in the central brain. This study identifies computational motifs of the transformation, enabling mechanistic comparisons of multisensory integration and central processing for navigation in the brains of insects.
Applications of genetic-epigenetic tissue mapping for plasma DNA in prenatal testing, transplantation and oncology
Authors: Gai Wanxia , Zhou Ze , Agbor-Enoh Sean , Fan Xiaodan , Lian Sheng , Jiang Peiyong , Cheng Suk Hang , Wong John , Chan Stephen L , Jang Moon Kyoo , Yang Yanqin , Liang Raymond HS , Chan Wai Kong , Ma Edmond SK , Leung Tak Y , Chiu Rossa WK , Valantine Hannah , Chan KC Allen , Lo YM Dennis
Published: March 2021

We developed genetic-epigenetic tissue mapping (GETMap) to determine the tissue composition of plasma DNA carrying genetic variants not present in the constitutional genome through comparing their methylation profiles with relevant tissues. We validated this approach by showing that, in pregnant women, circulating DNA carrying fetal-specific alleles was entirely placenta-derived. In lung transplant recipients, we showed that, at 72 hr after transplantation, the lung contributed only a median of 17% to the plasma DNA carrying donor-specific alleles, and hematopoietic cells contributed a median of 78%. In hepatocellular cancer patients, the liver was identified as the predominant source of plasma DNA carrying tumor-specific mutations. In a pregnant woman with lymphoma, plasma DNA molecules carrying cancer mutations and fetal-specific alleles were accurately shown to be derived from the lymphocytes and placenta, respectively. Analysis of tissue origin for plasma DNA carrying genetic variants is potentially useful for noninvasive prenatal testing, transplantation monitoring, and cancer screening.
A spontaneous genetically induced epiallele at a retrotransposon shapes host genome function
Authors: Bertozzi Tessa M , Takahashi Nozomi , Hanin Geula , Kazachenka Anastasiya , Ferguson-Smith Anne C
Published: March 2021

Intracisternal A-particles (IAPs) are endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) responsible for most insertional mutations in the mouse. Full-length IAPs harbour genes flanked by long terminal repeats (LTRs). Here, we identify a solo LTR IAP variant (Iap5-1solo) recently formed in the inbred C57BL/6J mouse strain. In contrast to the C57BL/6J full-length IAP at this locus (Iap5-1full), Iap5-1solo lacks DNA methylation and H3K9 trimethylation. The distinct DNA methylation levels between the two alleles are established during preimplantation development, likely due to loss of KRAB zinc finger protein binding at the Iap5-1solo variant. Iap5-1solo methylation increases and becomes more variable in a hybrid genetic background yet is unresponsive to maternal dietary methyl supplementation. Differential epigenetic modification of the two variants is associated with metabolic differences and tissue-specific changes in adjacent gene expression. Our characterisation of Iap5-1 as a genetically induced epiallele with functional consequences establishes a new model to study transposable element repression and host-element co-evolution.
Arsenotoxicidad aguda experimental en ratones Balb/c: marcadores orgánicos y compromiso esplénico
Authors: Canalis Alejandra Mariel , Pérez Roberto Daniel , Falchini Gisele Evangelina , Soria Elio Andrés
Published: March 2021

Introducción. El arsénico es un tóxico ambiental ampliamente diseminado en todo el mundo. En hombres y animales, diversos órganos y tejidos son blancos de sus efectos deletéreos, entre ellos, el los del sistema inmunológico.Objetivo. Determinar la intoxicación aguda por arsénico en tejidos y células diana de ratones Balb/c in vivo.Materiales y métodos. Se aplicó una inyección intraperitoneal de 9,5 o 19 mg/kg de arsenito de sodio (NaAsO2) o un volumen equivalente de solución fisiológica como control, en ratones Balb/c con 3 por cada grupo experimental. Tras media hora, los animales fueron sacrificados y se extrajeron bazos, timos, hígados, riñones y sangre. En cada muestra, se determinó la concentración de arsénico, polifenoles y hierro, y también, se evaluaron marcadores oxidativos, como peróxidos, productos avanzados de oxidación proteica y grupos sulfhidrilos libres. En los esplenocitos obtenidos del bazo, se determinaron la viabilidad celular y el potencial mitocondrial.Resultados. La dosis aguda inyectada de NaAsO2 redujo la función mitocondrial de los esplenocitos, lo que derivó en muerte celular. La presencia confirmada de arsénico en las muestras de bazo y la citotoxicidad resultante, produjeron disminución de los polifenoles y de los grupos sulfhidrilos libres, y alteraron el contenido y la distribución del hierro, pero no se aumentó la producción de peróxidos.Conclusión. Estos hallazgos aportan evidencia científica sobre los cambios en biomarcadores involucrados en la inmunotoxicidad del arsénico y ofrecen, además, una metodología para ensayar potenciales tratamientos frente a la acción deletérea de este compuesto en el sistema inmunológico.
Inhibition of defensin A and cecropin A responses to dengue virus 1 infection in Aedes aegypti
Authors: Méndez Yda , Pacheco César , Herrera Flor
Published: March 2021

Introduction: It is essential to determine the interactions between viruses and mosquitoes to diminish dengue viral transmission. These interactions constitute a very complex system of highly regulated pathways known as the innate immune system of the mosquito, which produces antimicrobial peptides that act as effector molecules against bacterial and fungal infections. There is less information about such effects on virus infections.Objective: To determine the expression of two antimicrobial peptide genes, defensin A and cecropin A, in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes infected with DENV-1.Materials and methods: We used the F1 generation of mosquitoes orally infected with DENV-1 and real-time PCR analysis to determine whether the defensin A and cecropin A genes played a role in controlling DENV-1 replication in Ae. aegypti. As a reference, we conducted similar experiments with the bacteria Escherichia coli.Results: Basal levels of defensin A and cecropin A mRNA were expressed in uninfected mosquitoes at different times post-blood feeding. The infected mosquitoes experienced reduced expression of these mRNA by at least eightfold when compared to uninfected control mosquitoes at all times post-infection. In contrast with the behavior of DENV-1, results showed that bacterial infection produced up-regulation of defensin and cecropin genes; however, the induction of transcripts occurred at later times (15 days).Conclusion: DENV-1 virus inhibited the expression of defensin A and cecropin A genes in a wild Ae. aegypti population from Venezuela.
Deficiencia visual y neurológica posterior a la disfunción del sistema de derivación ventrículoperitoneal: reporte de caso
Authors: Duque Valentina , Chaverra Laura , Cury Juanita , Portela María Carolina , Suárez-Escudero Juan Camilo
Published: March 2021

Las alteraciones visuales de origen neurológico en los niños tienen diversas causas, algunas reversibles y otras no. La hidrocefalia es una de las más comunes e importantes, ya que puede producir deficiencias permanentes. Las causas de la hidrocefalia son variadas; entre las principales está la hemorragia intraventricular, generalmente debida al sangrado de la matriz germinal, el cual es muy común en recién nacidos prematuros.Se presenta el caso clínico de una paciente prematura con parálisis cerebral infantil, hemorragia intraventricular e hidrocefalia, producto de un embarazo múltiple, que presentó atrofia óptica en la infancia secundaria a la disfunción del sistema de derivación ventrículo-peritoneal. Durante su rehabilitación y tratamiento, ha recibido sesiones de neurorrehabilitación que le han permitido mejorar su agudeza y capacidad visual. Se comparó el caso de la paciente con algunos similares para establecer las semejanzas y las diferencias entre los cuadros clínicos presentados y la importancia del tipo de tratamiento médico utilizado en el curso de recuperación de la capacidad visual.
Prevalence and impact of potentially inappropriate medication on community-dwelling older adults
Authors: Fernández Alejandra , Gómez Fernando , Curcio Carmen-Lucía , Pineda Edison , Fernandes de Souza Juliana
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Potentially inappropriate medication is associated with adverse health and functional outcomes, as well as increased health care costs.Objective: To estimate the prevalence and types of potentially inappropriate medication according to the Beers criteria in community-dwelling older persons and to identify the major clinical and functional consequences of potentially inappropriate medication during two years of following.Materials and methods: We conducted a longitudinal, descriptive, and observational study that included 400 65-year or older community-dwelling people (48% women) selected by simple random sampling in 2012. In 2014, 372 people were re-evaluated and classified into two groups based on the presence or absence of potentially inappropriate medication through the follow-up period.Results: In total, 31% had polypharmacy (5-9 medications) and 1,8% had excessive polypharmacy (10 or more medications). The mean of the number of medications was higher in the potentially inappropriate medication group (3 vs. 5.78; p<0.001) and 21.9% still had the potentially inappropriate medication status during the follow-up; of them, 75% had one potentially inappropriate medication and 23% two. The presence of potentially inappropriate medication was more frequent among frail and depressed male individuals with a bad health self-assessment and comorbidities, especially diabetes mellitus and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In the group with sustained potentially inappropriate medication, we found a worsening health self-assessment, increased frailty, a higher incidence of recurrent falls and prevalence of depression, as well as a higher hospital admission rate, ambulatory medical consultation, and more prescribed medications. We did not find an impact on functional capacity.Conclusions: We validated the negative effects of potentially inappropriate medication in the long run for the health of older people and, therefore, potentially inappropriate medications should be monitored in primary care services to avoid greater risks.
Control and benchmarking of a 7-DOF robotic arm using Gazebo and ROS
Authors: Zhang Bowei , Liu Pengcheng
Published: March 2021

The robot controller plays an important role in controlling the robot. The controller mainly aims to eliminate or suppress the influence of uncertain factors on the control robot. Furthermore, there are many types of controllers, and different types of controllers have different features. To explore the differences between controllers of the same category, this article studies some controllers from basic controllers and advanced controllers. This article conducts the benchmarking of the selected controller through pre-set tests. The test task is the most commonly used pick and place. Furthermore, to complete the robustness test, a task of external force interference is also set to observe whether the controller can control the robot arm to return to a normal state. Subsequently, the accuracy, control efficiency, jitter and robustness of the robot arm controlled by the controller are analyzed by comparing the Position and Effort data. Finally, some future works of the benchmarking and reasonable improvement methods are discussed.
A systematic review of security and privacy issues in the internet of medical things; the role of machine learning approaches
Authors: Hameed Shilan S. , Hassan Wan Haslina , Abdul Latiff Liza , Ghabban Fahad
Published: March 2021

Background

The Internet of Medical Things (IoMTs) is gradually replacing the traditional healthcare system. However, little attention has been paid to their security requirements in the development of the IoMT devices and systems. One of the main reasons can be the difficulty of tuning conventional security solutions to the IoMT system. Machine Learning (ML) has been successfully employed in the attack detection and mitigation process. Advanced ML technique can also be a promising approach to address the existing and anticipated IoMT security and privacy issues. However, because of the existing challenges of IoMT system, it is imperative to know how these techniques can be effectively utilized to meet the security and privacy requirements without affecting the IoMT systems quality, services, and device’s lifespan.

Methodology

This article is devoted to perform a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) on the security and privacy issues of IoMT and their solutions by ML techniques. The recent research papers disseminated between 2010 and 2020 are selected from multiple databases and a standardized SLR method is conducted. A total of 153 papers were reviewed and a critical analysis was conducted on the selected papers. Furthermore, this review study attempts to highlight the limitation of the current methods and aims to find possible solutions to them. Thus, a detailed analysis was carried out on the selected papers through focusing on their methods, advantages, limitations, the utilized tools, and data.

Results

It was observed that ML techniques have been significantly deployed for device and network layer security. Most of the current studies improved traditional metrics while ignored performance complexity metrics in their evaluations. Their studies environments and utilized data barely represent IoMT system. Therefore, conventional ML techniques may fail if metrics such as resource complexity and power usage are not considered.
Differences between adjusted vs. non-adjusted loads in velocity-based training: consequences for strength training control and programming
Authors: Jiménez-Reyes Pedro , Castaño-Zambudio Adrian , Cuadrado-Peñafiel Víctor , González-Hernández Jorge M. , Capelo-Ramírez Fernando , Martínez-Aranda Luis M. , González-Badillo Juan J.
Published: March 2021

Strength and conditioning specialists commonly deal with the quantification and selection the setting of protocols regarding resistance training intensities. Although the one repetition maximum (1RM) method has been widely used to prescribe exercise intensity, the velocity-based training (VBT) method may enable a more optimal tool for better monitoring and planning of resistance training (RT) programs. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of two RT programs only differing in the training load prescription strategy (adjusting or not daily via VBT) with loads from 50 to 80% 1RM on 1RM, countermovement (CMJ) and sprint. Twenty-four male students with previous experience in RT were randomly assigned to two groups: adjusted loads (AL) (n = 13) and non-adjusted loads (NAL) (n = 11) and carried out an 8-week (16 sessions) RT program. The performance assessment pre- and post-training program included estimated 1RM and full load-velocity profile in the squat exercise; countermovement jump (CMJ); and 20-m sprint (T20). Relative intensity (RI) and mean propulsive velocity attained during each training session (Vsession) was monitored. Subjects in the NAL group trained at a significantly faster Vsession than those in AL (p < 0.001) (0.88–0.91 vs. 0.67–0.68 m/s, with a ∼15% RM gap between groups for the last sessions), and did not achieve the maximum programmed intensity (80% RM). Significant differences were detected in sessions 3–4, showing differences between programmed and performed Vsession and lower RI and velocity loss (VL) for the NAL compared to the AL group (p < 0.05). Although both groups improved 1RM, CMJ and T20, NAL experienced greater and significant changes than AL (28.90 vs.12.70%, 16.10 vs. 7.90% and −1.99 vs. −0.95%, respectively). Load adjustment based on movement velocity is a useful way to control for highly individualised responses to training and improve the implementation of RT programs.
Constructivism Learning Approaches: Assessment of Student’s Participation and Approaches to Teaching of Mathematics in Selected Colleges of Education in Ghana
Authors: Adobah Emmanuel , Yarkwah Christopher , Anayitime Peter
Published: March 2021

The study focused on use of Constructivism learning approaches to assess formative assessment practices of Mathematics tutors in selected Colleges of Education in Ashanti and Bono Region in Ghana. The study adopted Convergent Parallel research design to guide the study.  A sample of 56 Mathematics tutors was sampled through census study. Questionnaire, interview guide and observation checklist were used to collect data from the participants. The study revealed that tutors ensured students participation in the lesson by students asking questions for clarification, writing notes for future reference, taking part in class exercises and participation in group work. It was concluded that the study has brought to the light that tutors ensured students participation in mathematics class using different methods or approaches. This may due to tutors attend professional development to improve their teaching strategies as well as mathematics is concerned.
Evaluation of Onion Value Chain Actors in Kebbi State, Nigeria: A Case Study of Producers and Retailers
Authors: Kaka Yahaya , Gindi Abdullahi Auwal , Magaji Umar
Published: March 2021

Onion (Allium cepa L.) is one of the major cash crops grown mostly in northern Nigeria, nevertheless with perpetual scarcity at off season due to its perishability as actors lacked adequate storability thus, sells at low price to avoid spoilage at hand.  The study seeks to evaluate onion value chain actors (producers and retailers) in Kebbi State, Nigeria. Purposive, simple random and convenience sampling procedures were used in selecting 210 onion producers and 40 retailers using structured questionnaire. The data collected was analyzed using SPSS software and marketing margin model. The result of the study revealed that the mean output of onion per hectare was 71.58 bags with an average price of ₦15597.05. The total gross marketing margin of 14.38% out of 19.12% constitutes the total marketing costs with net marketing margin of 4.77%. Producers’ and retailers’ marketing profit share was ₦9331.61 and ₦2324.33 per bag respectively. Production and marketing constraints identified were; high cost of inputs, pest and disease attack, poor storage facilities and poor pricing. In conclusion, redress of constraints may enhance marketing margin of the actors. The study recommends for government/nongovernmental sustainable financial, technical and educational interventions for the value chain improvement in the study area.
A Case of Umbilical Myiasis in a Neonate
Authors: Barot Kaushik , Vala Haresh , Bankapur Asha
Published: March 2021

This is an interesting case of myiasis found in the umbilicus in an eight-day-old infant with successful treatment. Because of its connection to the vital abdominal organs, any suspicion of infections around the umbilicus always requires immediate medical attention.
Les polyglycerophospholipides d'Euglena gracilis
Authors: Calvayrac R. , Douce R.
Published: July 2002

Two media have been used: the first one contains L‐glutamic and DL‐malic acid and the second contains DL‐lactic acid. The phospholipidic analysis shows that PC and PE are the two main phospholipids.
Increased rate of cyclic photophophorylation in preparations from Anabaena variabilis cells grown in the presence of diphenylamine
Authors: Neumann Joseph , Ogawa Teruo , Vernon Leo P.
Published: July 2002

Cell free homogenates and membrane fractions prepared from Anabaena variabilis cells grown in the presence of diphenylamine have markedly higher activities for cyclic phosphorylation than similar preparations from normal cells. The preparations from diphenylamine‐grown cells are also more active in system I mediated electron transport from reduced dichloroindophenol to oxygen or methyl viologen. The light intensity required to saturate phenazine methosulphate‐supported cyclic phosphorylation, in such preparations, is higher than for preparations for normal cells.
Premiers elements de structure primaire des caseines αs2 bovines
Authors: Brignon Ghislaine , Dumas Bruno Ribadeau , Mercier Jean-Claude
Published: July 2002

The bovine αs2‐, αs3‐, αs4‐ and αs6‐caseins [1] were isolated. The 4 proteins had the same amino‐acid composition and C‐terminal sequence, but different phosphorus contents. From a mixture of these proteins (designated as ‘αs2‐complex’) and from αs3‐casein a single and identical N‐terminal sequence was obtained by Edman degradation. It seems therefore that the 4 proteins have the same peptide chain and only differ in their phosphorus content. For this reason we propose to modify the nomenclature of Annan and Manson [1] and to use in future the single term αs2 to designate the caseins which have been previously called αs2, αs3, αs4 and αs6 by these authors. The study of the primary structure of the peptide chain, which has confirmed these results, was undertaken on the S‐carboxymethylated αs2‐complex. From a cyanogen bromide digest and from a tryptic hydrolyzate of the αs2‐complex, 5 and 25 peptides were obtained respectively, both sets of peptides accounting for the whole peptide chain. Examination of the tryptic peptides containing methionine combined with the N‐ and C‐terminal sequences of the αs2‐complex and some CNBr peptides, gave the order of the CNBr peptides, H.CN4CN2CN5CN1CN3.OH, which contain 4, 22, 115, 49 and 17 residues respectively. A partial sequence accounting for half of the peptide chain of the αs2‐complex is given. This peptide chain is likely composed of 207 amino‐acid residues
A nitrate reductase activity in Rhodopseudomonas capsulata linked to electron transfer and generation of a membrane potential
Authors: McEwan Alastair G. , George Christina L. , Ferguson Stuart J. , Jackson J.Barry
Published: July 2002

We have isolated from a laboratory strain of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata a spontaneous mutant possessing a dissimilatory NO−
3 reductase activity. Reduction of NO−
3 under dark and anaerobic conditions generated a membrane potential, and was inhibited by rotenone, oxygen and illumination.
Degradation of short‐lived proteins is decreased by centrifugation
Authors: Knecht E. , Hernández-Yago J. , Grisolía S.
Published: July 2002

We have examined the effects of enucleation and of inhibitors of mRNA synthesis (actinomycin D and cordycepin) on protein turnover of HeLa cells. Enucleation markedly inhibited the rate of protein degradation for short‐lived proteins. However, cells centrifuged in the absence of cytochalasin B at the speed required to obtain cytoplasts showed protein degradation rates identical to those of cytoplasts, while inhibitors of mRNA synthesis did not affect the process. Although enucleation may affect degradation of specific proteins, these results suggest that centrifugation is largely responsible for the inhibition of protein degradation in cytoplasts.