bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analytical model of magnetic field distribution in the air-gap of quartz flexible accelerometer
Authors: Wang Cuo , Li Xingfei , Kou Ke , Wu Tengfei , Long Chunguo
Published: March 2016

As common high precision inertial sensors, quartz flexible accelerometers have wide application prospect in many circumstances such as low cost inertial navigation systems. In order to quickly evaluate magnetic field distribution in air-gap of these accelerometers and provide an insightful knowledge for design optimization, we introduced an analytical method based on scalar magnetic potential to describe their magnetic behaviour. Some related Laplace and Poison equations are solved by separating variables and the parameters of the solutions are calculated by a set of linear vector equations considering boundary conditions. Magnetic field computed with the proposed analytical method is proved effective through finite element method and some preliminary experiments, additionally, the scale factor estimated can be validated by the gravitational field roll-over test.
Cogging torque reduction in surface- mounted permanent magnet machines with nonuniform slot distributions
Authors: Chen Zhenfei , Li Zhixin , Ma Hongzhong
Published: March 2016

Two kind of nonuniform slot distribution models, the unit machine shift model (Model 1) and the single slot shift model (Model 2), are proposed for reducing cogging torque of surface-mounted permanent magnet(SPM) machines. Further, based on exact subdomain model and Maxwell stress tensor, an analytical model is further built for calculating cogging torque in SPM machines with nonuniformly distributed stator slots. Its accuracy and feasibility have been validated by finite element (FE) method. With the analytical model, effects of slot shift angle on cogging torque are investigated for an 8-pole/12-slot SPM machine. Meanwhile, coupling relationships between shift angle and other design parameters (slot/pole number, pole arc coefficient and slot opening) are analyzed. In addition, influences of slot shift on back-EMF and electromagnetic torque are also studied. Conclusions are drawn from the analysis and indicate that Model 1 is much better than Model 2 in improving the performances of SPM machine.
Report on the Premods Workshop: Culture/Cultural History, University of Turku, Finland
Authors: Aali Heta , Karppinen-Kummunmäki Henna , Lehmusjärvi Niina , Närhi Anne , Tiihonen Mari
Published: March 2016

The Premods network (PREMODern Doctoral Students) at the University of Turku, Finland, organized a three-day workshop, which took place in September, focusing on the themes, definitions and problems of cultural history within the context of Nordic medieval and early modern historical studies and academic institutions. All participants and organizers of the network were doctoral students. The workshop was organized as a series of discussion sessions in which the participants were divided into four groups. Based on the participants' submitted papers, the themes for the first discussion session were gender, politics, communication and religion. For the second session all four groups were asked to reflect on the question ‘What is cultural history?’. The third (and final) discussion was entitled ‘The Problems/Basics of Cultural History’ and comprised four different themes: sources, theory, methods and ethics of cultural history. The workshop revealed the need for extensive discussion on the special characteristics of the whole field of cultural history in order to deconstruct the bias associated with the field. The direction of cultural history evoked debates, particularly about its all-encompassing nature. Mainly owing to these two previous points, the usefulness of cultural history inspired critical discussion among the participants.
Numbers and Characteristics of Cats Admitted to Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) Shelters in Australia and Reasons for Surrender
Authors: Alberthsen Corinne , Rand Jacquie , Morton John , Bennett Pauleen , Paterson Mandy , Vankan Dianne
Published: March 2016

Despite high numbers of cats admitted to animal shelters annually, there is surprisingly little information available about the characteristics of these cats. In this study, we examined 195,387 admissions to 33 Australian RSPCA shelters and six friends of the RSPCA groups from July 2006 to June 2010. The aims of this study were to describe the numbers and characteristics of cats entering Australian RSPCA shelters, and to describe reasons for cat surrender. Data collected included shelter, state, admission source, age, gender, date of arrival, color, breed, reproductive status (sterilized or not prior to admission), feral status and surrender reason (if applicable). Most admissions were presented by members of the general public, as either stray animals or owner-surrenders, and more kittens were admitted than adults. Owner-related reasons were most commonly given for surrendering a cat to a shelter. The most frequently cited owner-related reason was accommodation (i.e., cats were not allowed). Importantly, although the percentage of admissions where the cat was previously sterilized (36%) was the highest of any shelter study reported to date, this was still lower than expected, particularly among owner-surrendered cats (47%). The percentage of admissions where the cat was previously sterilized was low even in jurisdictions that require mandatory sterilization.
Hybrid Sol-Gel Coatings: Smart and Green Materials for Corrosion Mitigation
Authors: Figueira Rita , Fontinha Isabel , Silva Carlos , Pereira Elsa
Published: March 2016

Corrosion degradation of materials and metallic structures is one of the major issues that give rise to depreciation of assets, causing great financial outlays in their recovery and or prevention. Therefore, the development of active corrosion protection systems for metallic substrates is an issue of prime importance. The promising properties and wide application range of hybrid sol-gel-derived polymers have attracted significant attention over recent decades. The combination of organic polymers and inorganic materials in a single phase provides exceptional possibilities to tailor electrical, optical, anticorrosive, and mechanical properties for diverse applications. This unlimited design concept has led to the development of hybrid coatings for several applications, such as transparent plastics, glasses, and metals to prevent these substrates from permeation, mechanical abrasion, and corrosion, or even for decorative functions. Nevertheless, the development of new hybrid products requires a basic understanding of the fundamental chemistry, as well as of the parameters that influence the processing techniques, which will briefly be discussed. Additionally, this review will also summarize and discuss the most promising sol-gel coatings for corrosion protection of steel, aluminium, and their alloys conducted at an academic level.
Changes of Sand Fly Populations and Leishmania infantum Infection Rates in an Irrigated Village Located in Arid Central Tunisia
Authors: Barhoumi Walid , Fares Wasfi , Cherni Saifedine , Derbali Mohamed , Dachraoui Khalil , Chelbi Ifhem , Ramalho-Ortigao Marcelo , Beier John , Zhioua Elyes
Published: March 2016

The current spread of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (ZVL) throughout arid areas of Central Tunisia is a major public health concern. The main objective of this study is to investigate whether the development of irrigation in arid bio-geographical areas in Central Tunisia have led to the establishment of a stable cycle involving sand flies of the subgenus Larroussius and Leishmania infantum, and subsequently to the emergence of ZVL. Sand flies were collected from the village of Saddaguia, a highly irrigated zone located within an arid bio-geographical area of Central Tunisia by using modified Centers for Diseases Control (CDC) light traps. Morphological keys were used to identify sand flies. Collected sand flies were pooled with up to 30 specimens per pool according to date and tested by nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) DNA sequencing from positive pools was used to identify Leishmania spp. A total of 4915 sand flies (2422 females and 2493 males) were collected from Saddaguia in September and in October 2014. Morphological identification confirmed sand flies of the subgenus Larroussius to be predominant. PCR analysis followed by DNA sequencing indicated that 15 pools were infected with L. infantum yielding an overall infection rate of 0.6%. The majority of the infected pools were of sand fly species belonging to subgenus Larroussius. Intense irrigation applied to the arid bio-geographical areas in Central Tunisia is at the origin of the development of an environment capable of sustaining important populations of sand flies of the subgenus Larroussius. This has led to the establishment of stable transmission cycles of L. infantum and subsequently to the emergence of ZVL.
Coevolution Theory of the Genetic Code at Age Forty: Pathway to Translation and Synthetic Life
Authors: Wong J. , Ng Siu-Kin , Mat Wai-Kin , Hu Taobo , Xue Hong
Published: March 2016

The origins of the components of genetic coding are examined in the present study. Genetic information arose from replicator induction by metabolite in accordance with the metabolic expansion law. Messenger RNA and transfer RNA stemmed from a template for binding the aminoacyl-RNA synthetase ribozymes employed to synthesize peptide prosthetic groups on RNAs in the Peptidated RNA World. Coevolution of the genetic code with amino acid biosynthesis generated tRNA paralogs that identify a last universal common ancestor (LUCA) of extant life close to Methanopyrus, which in turn points to archaeal tRNA introns as the most primitive introns and the anticodon usage of Methanopyrus as an ancient mode of wobble. The prediction of the coevolution theory of the genetic code that the code should be a mutable code has led to the isolation of optional and mandatory synthetic life forms with altered protein alphabets.
Molecular Cloning of cpcU and Heterodimeric Bilin Lyase Activity Analysis of CpcU and CpcS for Attachment of Phycocyanobilin to Cys-82 on the β-Subunit of Phycocyanin in Arthrospira platensis FACHB314
Authors: Wu Fei , Zang Xiaonan , Zhang Xuecheng , Zhang Ran , Huang Xiaoyun , Hou Lulu , Jiang Minjie , Liu Chang , Pang Chunhong
Published: March 2016

A new bilin lyase gene cpcU was cloned from Arthrospira platensis FACHB314 to study the assembly of the phycocyanin β-Subunit. Two recombinant plasmids, one contained the phycocyanobilin (PCB) producing genes (hoxI and pcyA), while the other contained the gene of the β-Subunit of phycobiliprotein (cpcB) and the lyase gene (cpcU, cpcS, or cpcU/S) were constructed and separately transferred into Escherichia coli in order to test the activities of relevant lyases for catalyzing PCB addition to CpcB during synthesizing fluorescent β-PC of A. platensis FACHB314. The fluorescence intensity examination showed that Cys-82 maybe the active site for the β-Subunit binding to PCBs and the attachment could be carried out by CpcU, CpcS, or co-expressed cpcU/S in A. platensis FACHB314.
Charge Transport in LDPE Nanocomposites Part I—Experimental Approach
Authors: Hoang Anh , Pallon Love , Liu Dongming , Serdyuk Yuriy , Gubanski Stanislaw , Gedde Ulf
Published: March 2016

This work presents results of bulk conductivity and surface potential decay measurements on low-density polyethylene and its nanocomposites filled with uncoated MgO and Al2O3, with the aim to highlight the effect of the nanofillers on charge transport processes. Material samples at various filler contents, up to 9 wt %, were prepared in the form of thin films. The performed measurements show a significant impact of the nanofillers on reduction of material’s direct current (dc) conductivity. The investigations thus focused on the nanocomposites having the lowest dc conductivity. Various mechanisms of charge generation and transport in solids, including space charge limited current, Poole-Frenkel effect and Schottky injection, were utilized for examining the experimental results. The mobilities of charge carriers were deduced from the measured surface potential decay characteristics and were found to be at least two times lower for the nanocomposites. The temperature dependencies of the mobilities were compared for different materials.
Logistic Issues in Introducing Remote Learning Devices
Authors: Porath Amiram
Published: March 2016

Educational organizations have to face logistic hurdle when introducing remote learning using mobile devices. Unlike the introduction of a new textbook, the introduction of e-learning into educational environment requires adaptation, on the physical as well as the human infrastructure levels. The case study below describe such a move in a regional high school in Israel and presents the major logistic question the move presented to the school and other interested parties. The answers may differ from country to country but the questions seem to be more generalize, and therefore should at least be considered when preparing for the move. The paper ends with some of the lessons learnt, and recommendations for the future.
Exploring the Food Security Strategy and Scarcity Arguments in Land Grabbing in Africa
Authors: Essien Essien
Published: March 2016

Contemporary studies surrounding the land grabbing phenomenon in Africa have revealed two findings. First, the purchase or lease of vast tracts of land from poor, developing countries by wealthier, food-insecure nations has raised deep ethical concern over food security and rural agricultural development. Second, there is the existence of a powerful myth that large-scale land deals are necessary in order to deal with scarcity. Drawing upon extensive contemporary literature on foreign land acquisition and food security, this chapter examines the phenomenon using “rent gap” theory. With an insight provided into understanding the independent layers of land grabbing in Africa, a criterion on what should constitute appropriate procedure for land acquisition is thus supplied. Findings posit that despite insufficiency of food availability in Africa, land grabbing continues regardless of its social and ecological limitations. This chapter has a significant implication for cumulative research on the subject of ethics of foreign land acquisition.
Conjoint Analysis with fMRI
Authors: Heinonen Jarmo
Published: March 2016

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) is a very effective tool in neuromarketing. However, time limits, subject fatigue, fMRI costs, and participants' concentration are problematic. Conjoint analysis and its cards enable shortening the time and providing more attributes for evaluation. Conjoint analysis models of orthogonal matrices keep the amount of conjoint cards to a minimum which shortens the time spent in the fMRI machine and thus lowering costs. All conjoint cards are different and keep subjects concentrated during the test. fMRI is an efficient analyzing method of neuronal architecture and functions for the identification of the brain areas and networks. Conjoint analysis and fMRI are strong, combined methods to analyze customer needs and desires.
Predicting voluntary turnover in employees using demographic characteristics: A South African case study
Authors: Schlechter Anton F. , Syce Chantal , Bussin Mark
Published: March 2016

Purpose: Employee turnover presents arguably the biggest threat to business sustainability and is a dynamic challenge faced by businesses globally. In South Africa, organisations compete to attract and retain skilled employees in an environment characterised by a burgeoning skills deficit. Turnover risk management is becoming an important strategy to ensure organisational stability and promote the effective retention of employees. The purpose of this research was to contribute to the practice of turnover risk management by proposing an approach and constructing a model to predict employee turnover based on demographic characteristics readily available in a human resource information system.Design: An exploratory research design was employed. Secondary quantitative data were extracted from an existing human resources database and analysed. Data obtained for 2592 employees in a general insurance company based in South Africa and Namibia formed the basis for the analysis. Logistic regression analysis was employed to predict employee turnover using various demographic characteristics available within the database. A likelihood ratio test was used to build a predictive model and the Akaike information criterion and Schwarz criterion were used to test how much value each variable added to the model and if its inclusion was warranted. The model was tested by conducting statistical tests of the significance of the coefficients. Deviance and Pearson goodness-of-fit statistics as well as the R-square test of significance were used. The overall goodness-of-fit of the model was also tested using the Hosmer and Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test.Findings: The current findings provide partial support for a predictive model explaining employee turnover. The model tested 14 demographic variables and the following five variables were found to have statistically significant predictive value: age, years of service, cost centre, performance score and the interaction between number of dependants and years of service. It is proposed that these five demographic variables be used as a model to help identify employees at risk of turnover or termed as flight risks.Practical implications: Gaining an understanding of the factors that influence employee voluntary turnover can be instrumental in sustaining workforce stability. The proposed model could help human resources professionals identify employees at risk of turnover using data that are readily available to them. This will further enable the use of targeted interventions to prevent turnover before it happens. Decreased levels of turnover will result in cost saving, enhanced talent management and greater competitive advantage.
СЛОВ’ЯНСЬКО-СХІДНОРОМАНСЬКА ВЗАЄМОДІЯ В ГІДРОНІМІЇ БАСЕЙНУ ДНІСТРА: ОРИГІНАЛЬНІ НАЗВИ ТА СТРУКТУРНО АДАПТОВАНІ УТВОРЕННЯ
Authors: Вербич Святослав O.
Published: March 2016

У пропонованій статті досліджено гідроніми басейну Дністра, у структурі яких відбиті східнороманські мовні елементи – цілісні лексеми, основи, афікси, а також назви гідрооб’єктів (генетично слов’янські, тюркські), адаптовані до східнороманської мовної системи. Особливу увагу акцентовано на кількісно найбільшій групі назв із східнороманськими формальними ознаками, що постали способом онімізації відповідних географічних апелятивів (а також загальновживаних лексем на позначення розміру, форми чи інших якісних ознак гідрооб’єкта) або трансонімізації суміжних топонімів (мікротопонімів, оронімів), похідних від лексем із переважно географічною семантикою. На підставі етимологічного аналізу східнороманського фрагмента дністерського гідронімікону зроблено висновок, що тривалі українсько-молдавські й українсько-румунські взаємини позначилися не лише на східнороманських запозиченнях в апелятивний словник української мови, але й на становленні топонімікону в ареалі басейну Дністра, найбільшою мірою в його нижній частині. Щоправда, відсоток східнороманських і адаптованих на східнороманському ґрунті гідронімів незначний (близько 150), хронологічні межі становлення яких можна окреслити в прикарпатській частині Дністра періодом ХІІІ–XVIII ст., у межиріччі Пруту й Нижнього Дністра – кін. XIV – XVIII ст.
Проблемы изучения финно-угорского топонимического субстрата на территории Русского Севера
Authors: Кабинина Н. В.
Published: March 2016

В статье освещается ряд наиболее значимых вопросов, связанных с изучением богатейшего финно-угорского наследия, представленного в субстратной топонимии Русского Севера – территории, включающей ныне Архангельскую и Вологодскую области России. Автором даны краткий обзор почти двухсотлетней истории этого изучения и подробная характеристика современного состояния исследований. Основное внимание уделено методике этих исследований, сложившейся в рамках уральской топонимической школы, которая – в кругу других российских сообществ, занимающихся проблемами исторической топономастики – является самым крупным и наиболее авторитетным научным центром. При этом в статье охарактеризованы, с одной стороны, глубоко традиционные, проверенные временем и результатами многих исследований методические позиции школы, а с другой стороны – некоторые относительно новые методы, находящиеся в стадии разработки и апробации: в частности, метод семантического моделирования и метод анализа микросистемных топонимических отношений. В статье приводятся примеры лингвистических карт, иллюстрирующих результаты работы представителей уральской топонимической школы, а также схематичные рисунки, связанные с применением метода анализа микросистемных отношений в топонимии. Одна из представленных карт отражает лингвоэтническое членение всей территории Русского Севера на период, непосредственно предшествующий полному обрусению финно-угорского населения. В заключительном разделе статьи автором представлен обобщенный обзор научных результатов, к которым привели топонимические исследования, посвященные Русскому Северу. При этом подчеркивается, что этноязыковая картина, выявленная для этого региона на сегодняшний день, хронологически соотносима лишь с последним тысячелетием, тогда как более древняя картина пока не поддается реконструкции.
ТЮРКІЗМИ В ТОПОНІМІЇ УКРАЇНИ: ІСТОРИКО-ЕТИМОЛОГІЧНИЙ АСПЕКТ
Authors: Лучик Василь B.
Published: March 2016

Багатовікові контакти тюркських племен і народів з корінним населенням України широко відбилися в її топонімії, у якій тюркізми становлять одну з найчисельніших груп з-поміж іншомовних географічних назв. Вони закріплювалися в місцевому мовленні протягом трьох основних періодів: 1) київськоруського (давньоукраїнського) — ІХ-ХІІІ ст. (ур. і р. Єрєль < тюрк. аірілі/аірылы «розділений», калька д.рус. Оуголъ < уголъ «кут; клин землі між річками, що сходяться»); 2) староукраїнського — ХІV-ХVІІІ ст. (терит. Буджак < тур. budžak «вугол»); 3) новоукраїнського (сучасного) — ХІХ-ХХІ ст. (м. Джанкой < тур. джан «новий» і кой «село, поселення»). Етимологія тюркських топонімів відбиває: внутрішні властивості географічних об’єктів (р. Аджигόль < аджи «киснути, бродити» і гол/голь «озеро, водойма»); відношення об’єктів номінації rо інших (переважно суміжних) реалій навколишньої місцевості (м. Кіліr < кіл «різновид вибільних глин» + суф. -лі/-лій у релятивній функції); відношення об’єктів до людини (м. Ізмаḯл < чол. ім’я Ismail як колишній атрибутив в ізафетній конструкції). Похідні кожного з цих принципів номінації можуть виражати конотативне значення, пов’язане з культурно-історичними цінностями або сакральними уявленнями (р. Бéшка < тюрк. bes/beš «п’ять», сакральне значення «богом дана множинність» і kaja «скеля»), які могли проникати і в контактне українське мовлення (пор. назву м. П’ятихáтки, що виникла під тюркським культурологічним впливом). В останній (сучасний) період тюркський вплив на географічні назви зберігався головним чином у слов’янізованому Криму, де з’являлися топоніми здебільшого кримськотатарського походження, але в радянські часи на півострові, як і в усій Україні, більшість іншомовних назв (переважно ойконіми та урбаноніми), у тому числі і тюркських,  була вольовим способом замінена.
Bulgarian area and settlement names originating from Balkan languages
Authors: Селимски Людвиг
Published: March 2016

The article provides an alternative etymological analysis of five area and settlement names:1. The hydronyms/toponyms with the bases [cyrill.] ебè, ебù, ибè, хебè, *хибè (and derivatives), which were mistakenly associated with the Turkish word ebe ‘midwife, accoucheuse’; I consider these to be related to the Arab-Turkish noun heybe ‘saddlebags’;2. Куфùята was unfortunately associated with the Greek κοΰφος, ‘hollow, cavity’, but it is actually a borrowing from the Turk. kuyu ‘well, borehole’;3. Телишора was wrongly explained as “a Romanian teişòr […] with epenthetic -l-”, but in fact it represents an older form (with preserved l) of the Romanian noun teişor ‘lime grove’;4. Урдията was incorrectly associated with the Turkish noun word hurda ‘curd, cottage cheese’ or with the word or ‘pit’. But according to my analysis it derives from the Turkish noun ordu ‘army, military’.5. Янъкхарман is from the Turkish yanık ‘burned, burnt’, and not from the Turkmen ethnonym [cyrill.] янгък, янгак.
Net Interest Rates: History and Measurement
Authors: Foster Edward
Published: March 2016

Johnson and Gelles (1996) observed that starting in about 1980 the interest rates on U.S. Treasury securities rose sharply, and argued that because of the increase, forensic economists should not use low interest rates based on earlier experience for calculation of present values. Interest rates did indeed rise sharply. But by 1996 interest rates were already falling; rates have continued to fall so that the status quo ante has been essentially restored.

This bit of forensic economic history would be of little interest except that Johnson and Gelles are still cited to help justify net interest rates more appropriate to the 1980s than to 2015. This note updates their work, using their same sources and method; it is intended in part to show that the high interest rates described in their paper are not now relevant.

The note continues, to discuss how to measure net interest rates. There are two issues: (1) The net rate for an n-year note should use the n-year rate of wage increase; alternatively it should compare the 1-year rate of return on the n-year note (with capital gains from resale) with the 1-year rate of wage increase. (2) Interest rates are measured daily, and wages monthly. Does the use of annual averages change the results? Answer: the overall picture given by alternative definitions is not very sensitive to the definition of the net interest rate, except that when 3- or 10-year notes are held for just one year and re-sold to give a total annual return that includes interest and capital gains or losses, volatility of returns is considerably higher than when the securities are held to maturity; the result suggests that the return on Treasury notes for one year with resale is not appropriate for discounting earnings losses to present value.
Inter-comparison of three AATSR Level 2 (L2) AOD products over China
Authors: Che Y. , Xue Y. , Mei L. , Guang J. , Xu H. , She L. , Guo J. , He X. , Di A. , Fan C.
Published: March 2016

Abstract. The Advanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR) aboard on ENVISAT is used to observe the Earth by dual-view. The AATSR data can be used to retrieve aerosol optical depth (AOD) over both land and ocean, which is an important merit in the characterization of aerosol properties. In recent years, aerosol retrieval algorithms both over land and ocean have been developed, taking advantages of the feature of dual-view which can help eliminate contribution of Earth's surface to top of atmosphere (TOA) reflectance. Aerosol_cci project as a part of Climate Change Initiative (CCI) provides users three AOD retrieval algorithms for AATSR data, including the Swansea algorithm (SU), the ATSR-2ATSR dual view aerosol retrieval algorithm (ADV) and the Oxford-RAL Retrieval of Aerosol and Cloud algorithm (ORAC). The Validation team of Aerosol-CCI project has validated AOD (both Level 2 and Level 3 products) and AE (Level 2 product only) against the AERONET data in a round robin evaluation using validation tool of AeroCOM (Aerosol Comparison between Observations and Models) project. For the purpose of evaluating different performances of these three algorithms on calculating AODs over mainland China, we introduce ground-based data from the CARSNET (the China Aerosol Remote Sensing Network) which is designed for aerosol observation in China. Because China is vast in territory and of great differences in surface, the combination of the AEROENT and the CATRNET data can validate L2 AOD products more comprehensively. The validation results show different performances of these products in 2007, 2008 and 2010. The SU algorithm has very good performance over sites with different surface conditions in mainland China from March to October, but it underestimates AOD slightly with varying mean bias error (MBE) from 0.05 to 0.10 over surface of barren or sparsely vegetation in western China. The ADV product has same precision with high correlation coefficient (CC) larger than 0.90 over most of sites and same error distribution as the SU product. The main limits of ADV algorithm are underestimation and applicability, especially it occurs obvious underestimation over sites of Datong, Lanzhou and Urmuchi where the dominated land cover is grassland with MBE larger than 0.2 and the main source of aerosol is coal combustion and dust. The ORAC algorithm has the ability of retrieving AOD at different ranges including high AOD (larger than 1.0), however, the stability will decease significantly as AOD grows, especially when AOD > 1.0. In addition, ORAC product get matches successfully collocated with CARSNET in winter (December, January and February), whereas other validation results lack matches during winter.
Asynchronous Communication in Spectral Element and Discontinuous Galerkin Methods for Atmospheric Dynamics
Authors: Jamroz Benjamin F. , Klöfkorn Robert
Published: March 2016

Abstract. The scalability of computational applications on current and next generation supercomputers is increasingly limited by the cost of inter-process communication. We implement non-blocking asynchronous communication in the High-Order Methods Modeling Environment for the time-integration of the hydrostatic fluid equations using both the Spectral Element and Discontinuous Galerkin methods. This allows the overlap of computation with communication effectively hiding some of the costs of communication. A novel detail about our approach is that it provides some data movement to be performed during the asynchronous communication even in the absence of other computations. This method produces significant performance and scalability gains in large-scale simulations.
Coevolution of volcanic catchments in Japan
Authors: Yoshida Takeo , Troch Peter A.
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Present-day landscapes have evolved over time through interactions between the prevailing climates and geological settings. Understanding the linkage between spatial patterns of landforms, soils, and vegetation in landscapes and their hydrological response is critical to make quantitative predictions in ungaged basins. Catchment coevolution is a theoretical framework that seeks to formulate hypotheses about the mechanisms and conditions that determine the historical development of catchments and how such evolution affects their hydrological response. In this study, we selected 14 volcanic catchments of different ages (from 0.225 to 82.2 Ma) in Japan. We derived indices of landscape properties (drainage density and slope–area relationship) as well as hydrological response (annual water balance, baseflow index, and flow–duration curves) and examined their relation with catchment age and climate (through the aridity index). We found a significant correlation between drainage density and baseflow index with age, but not with climate. The intra-annual flow variability was also significantly related to catchments age. Younger catchments tended to have lower peak flows and higher low flows, while older catchments exhibited more flashy runoff. The decrease in baseflow with catchment age is consistent with the existing hypothesis that in volcanic landscapes the major flow pathways change over time from deep groundwater flow to shallow subsurface flow. The drainage density of our catchments decreased with age, contrary to previous findings in a set of similar, but younger volcanic catchments in the Oregon Cascades, in which drainage density increased with age. In that case, older catchments were thought to show more landscape incision due to increasing near-surface lateral flow paths. Our results suggests two competing hypotheses on the evolution of drainage density in mature catchments. One is that as catchments continue to age, the hydrologically active channels retreat because less recharge leads to lower average aquifer levels and less baseflow. The other hypothesis is that the active channels do not undergo much surface dissection after the catchments reach maturity.
Numerical simulations of the Cordilleran ice sheet through the last glacial cycle
Authors: Seguinot Julien , Rogozhina Irina , Stroeven Arjen P. , Margold Martin , Kleman Johan
Published: March 2016

Abstract. After more than a century of geological research, the Cordilleran ice sheet of North America remains among the least understood in terms of its former extent, volume, and dynamics. Because of the mountainous topography on which the ice sheet formed, geological studies have often had only local or regional relevance and shown such a complexity that ice-sheet-wide spatial reconstructions of advance and retreat patterns are lacking. Here we use a numerical ice sheet model calibrated against field-based evidence to attempt a quantitative reconstruction of the Cordilleran ice sheet history through the last glacial cycle. A series of simulations is driven by time-dependent temperature offsets from six proxy records located around the globe. Although this approach reveals large variations in model response to evolving climate forcing, all simulations produce two major glaciations during marine oxygen isotope stages 4 (62.2–56.9 ka) and 2 (23.2–16.9 ka). The timing of glaciation is better reproduced using temperature reconstructions from Greenland and Antarctic ice cores than from regional oceanic sediment cores. During most of the last glacial cycle, the modelled ice cover is discontinuous and restricted to high mountain areas. However, widespread precipitation over the Skeena Mountains favours the persistence of a central ice dome throughout the glacial cycle. It acts as a nucleation centre before the Last Glacial Maximum and hosts the last remains of Cordilleran ice until the middle Holocene (6.7 ka).
A comparison of two Stokes ice sheet models applied to the Marine Ice Sheet Model Intercomparison Project for plan view models (MISMIP3d)
Authors: Zhang Tong , Price Stephen , Ju Lili , Leng Wei , Brondex Julien , Durand Gaël , Gagliardini Olivier
Published: March 2016

Abstract. We present a comparison of the numerics and simulation results for two "full" Stokes ice sheet models, FELIX-S (Leng et al., 2012) and Elmer/Ice (Gagliardini et al., 2013). The models are applied to the Marine Ice Sheet Model Intercomparison Project for planview models (MISMIP3D). For the diagnostic experiment (P75D) the two models give very similar results (<2 % difference with respect to along-flow velocities) when using identical geometries and computational meshes, which we interpret as an indication of inherent consistencies and similarities between the two models. For the Stnd, P75S, and P75R prognostic experiments, we find that FELIX-S (Elmer/Ice) grounding lines are relatively more retreated (advanced), results that are consistent with minor differences observed in the diagnostic experiment results and largely due to slightly different choices in the implementation of basal boundary conditions used by the two models. Based on current understanding, neither set of implementations is more or less favorable, in which case we propose that the span of different grounding line positions from these two models provides a measure of uncertainty when treating the results from full-Stokes models as a metric for accuracy in model intercomparison experiments. More importantly, we show that as grid resolution increases the grounding line positions for FELIX-S and Elmer/Ice appear to converge. We conclude that future model intercomparisons using full-Stokes models as a metric should include more than one model, to provide both additional confidence in the results from full-Stokes models and a measure of their uncertainty.
Círculos Restaurativos na Socioeducação: A Visão dos Adolescentes e dos Participantes
Authors: Mella Lisiane Ligia , Limberger Jéssica , Baumkarten Silvana Terezinha
Published: March 2016

A atenção aos adolescentes brasileiros em conflito com a lei requer avanços na concretização dos direitos previstos na legislação. Entre esses direitos, está a realização de círculos restaurativos, que necessitam ser considerados. Para tanto, objetiva-se analisar os círculos restaurativos a partir da visão dos envolvidos sobre a participação do adolescente em conflito com a lei. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, de caráter qualitativo. Onze envolvidos nos círculos restaurativos participaram da pesquisa, respondendo a uma entrevista semiestruturada, entre eles dois adolescentes. Os dados foram analisados e dispostos em três categorias estabelecidas a posteriori: percepção dos adolescentes sobre o círculo restaurativo; percepção dos envolvidos no círculo restaurativo sobre a participação do adolescente; e mudança de visão dos participantes sobre o adolescente em conflito com a lei. Constatou-se que os adolescentes percebem o círculo restaurativo como uma possibilidade de responsabilização e de buscar o perdão da vítima, diante de seu arrependimento. Os participantes veem de maneira positiva a realização do círculo, principalmente desfazendo preconceitos para com o adolescente. Entretanto, alguns participantes demonstram incertezas quanto ao futuro do adolescente. Sugere-se um acompanhamento posterior ao círculo restaurativo, a fim de que o adolescente tenha o apoio necessário na mudança de vida.
Adaptación social en jóvenes judicializados que participan en actividades escolares
Authors: Lorenzino Leticia Rita , Rivera-Betancourt Laura Inés , Cardozo Griselda
Published: March 2016

El propósito de esta investigación fue analizar la adaptación social (conductas prosociales y antisociales) de 86 jóvenes infractores de la ley de entre 13 y 21 años, que asisten a la escuela de un instituto socioeducativo de puertas cerradas en la ciudad de Córdoba, Argentina. Se utilizó un diseño de tipo descriptivo correlacional. Los resultados demuestran que los jóvenes presentan ‒en relación con las variables que miden conducta prosocial‒ bajos niveles de empatía y respeto, altos niveles de sociabilidad y liderazgo. En relación con la conducta antisocial, los niveles alcanzados para agresividad, retraimiento y aislamiento son altos. En lo que respecta al clima prosocial escolar el nivel percibido por los alumnos es bajo. El análisis correlacional indica relaciones significativas entre la conducta prosocial de los jóvenes, la percepción que tienen acerca de la conducta prosocial de sus pares en el aula y el clima prosocial escolar. Es decir, quienes perciben un clima prosocial escolar más alto, suelen ser más prosociales y viceversa. Por lo cual se considera que la implementación de programas educativos que promuevan una mejora en el clima prosocial del aula podría contribuir al fortalecimiento de la conducta prosocial a nivel individual de los jóvenes que asisten a la escuela, logrando una mejor adaptación social.
Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Enriquecimiento Trabajo-Familia para la población argentina
Authors: Omar Alicia , Urteaga Florencia , Salessi Solana
Published: March 2016

El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Enriquecimiento Trabajo-Familia (EETF) de Carlson, la que ha sido desarrollada para medir la interacción positiva entre ambos dominios vitales (desde el trabajo a la familia y desde la familia al trabajo). Se ejecutó un estudio piloto con 120 trabajadores argentinos para analizar la equivalencia conceptual, semántica y operacional de la escala. Se elaboró un estudio principal a efectos de analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la escala puesta a punto en el estudio piloto; en esta ocasión se trabajó sobre una nueva muestra integrada por 198 trabajadores argentinos, con edades entre 20 y 51 años que tenían, al menos, un hijo o un familiar mayor a su cargo. El análisis factorial exploratorio indicó una estructura bifactorial, la que quedó corroborada a través de análisis factoriales confirmatorios. Los dos factores del constructo mostraron adecuada validez convergente, buenos índices de confiabilidad alfa ordinal e invarianza configural y métrica entre varones y mujeres. A partir de los resultados obtenidos, tanto académicos, científicos organizacionales y gerentes de recursos humanos dispondrán de un instrumento válido y confiable para medir el enriquecimiento trabajo-familia entre los trabajadores argentinos.
Jueces hablando con niños: terminología legal utilizada en la toma de declaración de menores
Authors: Sacau Ana , Oliveira Ana , Morais Joana
Published: March 2016

El propósito de este trabajo fue analizar el lenguaje legal utilizado por los magistrados en la toma de declaración a menores en tribunal. A pesar de la existencia de normativas nacionales e internacionales acerca de la necesidad de adaptar el lenguaje a la edad y el nivel de desarrollo de los niños y niñas que declaran en tribunal, existen pocos estudios que tengan por objetivo confirmar si esa adaptación es real. El análisis de la toma de declaración a 33 menores entre los 8 y los 18 años reveló que los magistrados utilizan un lenguaje legal complejo cuando se dirigen al menor, identificándose 48 términos técnicos. Algunos de ellos son semejantes a los encontrados en otros estudios realizados en países con modelos de justicia diferentes y en lengua inglesa (tribunal, testimonio o testigo), pero otros representan conceptos muy específicos y de difícil comprensión para un menor (suspensión provisional del proceso o secreto del sumario). La presencia de terminología legal en el discurso y las preguntas que los magistrados dirigen a los menores varía considerablemente entre ellos. El propio contexto discursivo en el que surgen los términos técnicos identificados es complejo.
Sintomatología en víctimas de abuso sexual: ¿son importantes las características “objetivas” del abuso?
Authors: Guerra Cristóbal , Farkas Chamarrita
Published: March 2016

Las víctimas de abuso sexual presentan mayor sintomatología que la población general, aun cuando su intensidad es altamente variable. Los abusos más graves (frecuentes, violentos, con penetración) serían los que se asociarían a mayor sintomatología, no obstante, la evidencia no es concluyente. El objetivo del estudio fue describir la sintomatología en víctimas de abuso sexual y evaluar su relación con la gravedad del abuso. Participaron 143 adolescentes entre 12 y 17 años (83 víctimas de abuso sexual y 60 sin antecedentes de abuso) que respondieron a escalas de depresión, ansiedad y estrés postraumático. Ambos grupos presentaron niveles similares de depresión y ansiedad, pero los adolescentes con antecedentes de abuso presentaron mayor estrés postraumático. En el grupo con antecedentes de abuso la sintomatología varió según la curva normal, pero la gravedad del abuso no explicó dicha variación. Únicamente las mujeres presentaron mayor depresión, ansiedad y estrés postraumático que los varones, y las víctimas de abuso extrafamiliar presentaron mayor estrés postraumático que los victimizados dentro de sus familias. Se cuestiona la idea de "objetivar" la gravedad del abuso y se discute acerca de la necesidad de estudiar los factores que mediarían la relación entre la gravedad de los abusos y la sintomatología.
Família, Pares e Delinquência Juvenil: Análise de Diferentes Percursos de Reincidência
Authors: Cunha Cláudia , Soares Mónica , Veríssimo Lurdes , Matos Raquel
Published: March 2016

Diversas dimensões relativas à família, como a estrutura e as dinâmicas familiares (cf., Contreras, Molina & Cano, 2011), e relacionadas com o grupo de pares (cf. Cottle, Lee & Heilbrun, 2001) têm sido associadas à reincidência de comportamentos delinquentes em jovens. Trazendo novos contributos para esta discussão, o objetivo do estudo apresentado consiste em avaliar como diferentes dimensões de risco familiares e do grupo de pares variam de acordo com diferentes percursos de reincidência (i.e., não reincidentes, reincidentes intermédios, reincidentes persistentes). Recorrendo a uma amostra de 105 jovens em cumprimento de medida tutelar educativa, este estudo foi realizado em Portugal e centrou-se na reincidência dos jovens no contacto com o sistema de justiça como indicador de percursos delinquentes persistentes. Os resultados revelam que mais de metade dos jovens da amostra (54.3%) são reincidentes, tendo cumprido medidas tutelares educativas anteriores. Entre as variáveis significativamente associadas à reincidência, destacam-se a existência de contactos anteriores com o sistema de proteção e os comportamentos delinquentes do grupo de pares. Em conjunto, esses fatores parecem relacionar-se com o envolvimento em atos delinquentes, enfatizando a necessidade de serem desenvolvidas intervenções integradas para prevenir a reincidência.
Yo me porto bien (y mi profesora también): memoria y sugestión en preescolares
Authors: Moreno Amparo , Pérez-Mata Nieves , Diges Margarita
Published: March 2016

Este estudio examinó cómo la valencia (acciones positivas o negativas) y el agente de la acción (profesora o niño) afectaban a la memoria y a la aceptación de la sugestión de los preescolares. En una primera sesión, preescolares de entre 3 y 6 años interactuaban con una profesora en diversas actividades. Una semana después, una entrevistadora formulaba preguntas de sí/no acerca de acciones verdaderas y sugeridas respecto de la interacción de la semana anterior. Los resultados revelaron el efecto del factor edad en el rendimiento de memoria y en la sugestión, que fueron evaluados a través de las respuestas dadas a la tarea de reconocimiento de sí/no. Se encontró un mayor reconocimiento correcto de las acciones de la profesora que de las acciones de los niños y, al mismo tiempo, se aceptaron menos las sugestiones sobre las acciones de la profesora en comparación con las propias del niño. Los preescolares fueron más resistentes a las sugestiones sobre acciones negativas que sobre acciones positivas. Más allá del efecto típico de la edad en el reconocimiento correcto y la aceptación de la sugestión de los preescolares, el contenido de las preguntas influyó de forma diferente en estas dos medidas: el reconocimiento correcto se vio afectado exclusivamente por el agente de la acción; mientras que la sugestión se vio afectada por la valencia y el agente de la acción.
Autoritarismo y conciencia de muerte en estudiantes universitarios españoles
Authors: Moral-Jiménez María De la Villa , Suárez-Juesas Carlos
Published: March 2016

El objetivo del presente estudio fue relacionar el autoritarismo y la conciencia de muerte, postulándose que los sujetos con un mayor grado de autoritarismo presentarían más miedo ante la muerte propia y ajena. Mediante un muestreo bietápico de conveniencia con submuestreo aleatorio intragrupo se seleccionaron 202 estudiantes universitarios españoles con edades entre los 18 y los 25 años (M = 20,50; DT = 2,57). Los resultados aportan evidencias empíricas acerca de las diferencias significativas en función del género en el factor Antiintraceptividad de la Escala F, con tasas más elevadas manifestadas en el género masculino y diferencias atribuibles a la edad (factor Poder y fortaleza en la Escala F y Convencionalismo y Sumisión autoritaria en la Escala Autoritarismo de Derechas [RWA, por su sigla en inglés] en  los jóvenes de mayor edad respecto del nivel más bajo). En ambas escalas se ha confirmado la existencia de diferencias significativas tanto en función de la clase social como de la orientación política. También se han hallado evidencias empíricas que confirman que las personas autoritarias presentan mayor miedo a la muerte propia y ajena y son más conscientes del proceso de morir. Se discute acerca de las implicaciones de tales hallazgos y se plantean futuras líneas de investigación en la temática.