bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DIRECTIONS OF INCREASING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF ENTERPRISES IN THE CONDITIONS OF MARKET CHANGE
Authors: Osipov V.M. , Palamarchuk N.S.
Published: September 2018

The article explores the features of the interpretation of the concept of the competitiveness of enterprises by modern domestic and foreign economists. The directions of increasing the competitiveness of enterprises in modern conditions are justified, namely: innovative development of enterprises based on internal and external growth reserves and investment support for the comprehensive development of enterprises. The relationship between the investment and innovation components of enterprise development and their competitiveness under market conditions is determined. The implementation of these areas will contribute to improving the efficiency of the operation of the enterprise, improving its performance. Simultaneous combination of the use of these areas will increase the competitiveness of enterprises at the regional level and the level of the state as a whole. In the process of studying the competitiveness of modern enterprises, emphasis is placed on the regional aspect of their functioning. It is determined that in order to increase the competitiveness of enterprises, it is necessary to take into account the limitations and type of the market on which the enterprise operates. The main tools of the theory of restrictions are the passage, investment and operating costs of the enterprise. The management of these tools at the enterprise will increase the profitability and productivity of the enterprise and as a result - will increase the level of competitiveness of the enterprise in the conditions of market change.
MIGRATION AS A SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC FACTOR OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Sadchenko E.V.
Published: September 2018

The main current trends of migration processes are considered in the article: increase of volumes and expansion of migration geography, appearance of new types of migrants, expansion of forced migration, feminization of migration movements, solution of employment problems in the country. Migration theories are described, on which most empirical research is currently being built. Currently, there is no universally recognized theory of migration, certain patterns have been revealed, the causes and tendencies in the development of migration processes have been described, which are realized in the context of the awareness of the importance of improving the quality of human capital. The founder of migration theory is considered to be the English geographer E. Ravenstein, who at the very end of the nineteenth century. Formulated the "laws of migration". Many of the considered regularities do remain relevant to this day. The main postulate of this theory of migration is economic reasons. The neoclassical theory of migration proceeds from the existence of free competition and a perfect market of factors of production. A theory was developed to explain labor migration in the process of economic development. This theory characterizes migration processes at both the macro and micro levels. To overcome the shortcomings of the neoclassical theory of migration, a dual labor market theory was developed, according to which international migration flows from the labor market's own needs of a modern industrial society. The article also describes the construction of models of state management of migration processes.
Activisme des fonds de couverture et stratégie de défense des entreprises
Authors: Berthelot Sylvie , Serret Vanessa
Published: September 2018

En 2012, Agrium Inc., une entreprise cotée sur le marché canadien et appartenant au secteur chimique, est la cible de l’un de ses actionnaires, le fonds de couverture JANA Partner LLC. Cet article propose une étude clinique détaillant les démarches déployées par ce hedge funds activiste, ainsi que les résistances des dirigeants assistés par leur conseil d’administration. Agrium Inc. est l’une des rares entreprises canadiennes à s’être défendue efficacement. L’agressivité des hedge funds étant de plus en plus controversée, cette analyse montre comment une entreprise peut riposter à une telle attaque.
Stimuler l’innovation radicale par l’usage d’un réseau social d’entreprise ?
Authors: Dalmasso Cédric , Gand Sébastien , Garcias Frédéric
Published: September 2018

Les innovations radicales peuvent bousculer les positions établies d’entreprises d’industries matures, qui se heurtent à des limites structurelles pour générer elles-mêmes de telles innovations. À partir d’une expérimentation menée au sein du groupe pétrolier Technip, cet article explore la possibilité de mobiliser un réseau social d’entreprise (RSE) pour faciliter les phases amont de l’innovation radicale. Il en ressort que les propriétés des réseaux sociaux d’entreprise facilitent la circulation de connaissances et la création de nouvelles relations mais ne se substituent pas au besoin d’intermédiation et à la création d’un contexte organisationnel propice à l’innovation radicale.
INSTITUTION OF HOSPITALITY IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION PROCESSES
Authors: Poplavska Alina
Published: September 2018

The purpose of the article is to analyze the main factors and criteria of the institution of hospitality that directly affect the socio-cultural life of society in the context of globalization processes. The research methodology consisted in the analytical, systemic, historical, logical, and culturological methods of scientific research. The scientific novelty of the work. Under the influence of globalization, the issue of tolerance or intolerance in the treatment of a guest arose. The institution of hospitality found itself at a crossroads in terms of defining its main role, which was somewhat transformed in modern society. Therefore, the institution of hospitality keeps a balance between maintaining good relations and non-interference in other cultures. Conclusions. The institution of hospitality is an important factor of prosperity and peace in the modern life of society. That is why in order to preserve socio-cultural values it is necessary to introduce a moral and legal basis that would regulate the contradictory life circumstances that arise in the process of interaction of various socio-cultural groups. The development of various societies in the context of globalization with a comprehensive consideration of the objective laws of development of nature and society creates competition for them. In accordance with the principles of universal morality, every person possessing the status of a guest has to show respect for the religion, customs, traditions, language and culture of the host country. Due to the world crisis and military conflicts, the institution of hospitality as a socio-cultural phenomenon is somewhat modified to accord with modern realities.
EASTER HOLIDAYS IN BUKOVYNIAN HUTSULSHCHYNA: TRADITIONS AND RITUALS
Authors: Kozek Mykola
Published: September 2018

The purpose of the article is to reveal regional peculiarities of Easter holidays in Bukovynian Hutsulshchyna, which are celebrated by Ukrainians of Hutsulshchyna to the present day. The research methodology consisted in the analysis of ethnographic researches on Bukovynian Hutsulshchyna and was based on collecting materials during field expeditions in Hutsul villages, which allowed for finding new traditions and rituals of Ukrainians and analyzing their modifications from the beginning of the 20th century to the present day. The main research methods included the analytical, descriptive and comparative methods. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the first attempt to provide a complex study of regional peculiarities of Easter holidays and rituals in the villages of Stebni, Roztoky, Ust-Putyla in Bukovynian Hutsulshchyna. This study will help to revive the entire ritual action of Ukrainian celebrations from Yew Sunday to Farewell Sunday, to understand their essence and stages of development. Conclusions. As a result of the analysis of Easter rituals in the villages of Stebni, Roztoky and Ust-Putyla, Putyla district, Bukovynian Hutsulshchyna, regional features concerning Easter celebrations which are only peculiar to Hutsuls of Bukovyna region were revealed. The main features of Bukovynian Hutsulshchyna include ceremonial action involving pussy willow on Yew Sunday, the attitude of Hutsuls to fire on Chare Thursday, special worship of the ancestors during the whole celebration of Easter holidays and children’s rituals involving Easter eggs on Monday after Easter.
CONCERT AND MUSICAL LIFE OF VINNYTSIA IN THE FIRST THIRD OF THE 20TH CENTURY
Authors: Sizova Ninel
Published: September 2018

The purpose of the article is to study the specifics of the concert life of Vinnytsia at the beginning of the 20th century; to determine the role of choirs, orchestras and individual performers in the process of formation of professional music art of Vinnytsia region; to characterize the peculiarities of the creative activity of choirs of the city and the region, and, in particular, Hrygorii Davydovskyi’s artistic chapel and the symphonic orchestra of Vinnytsia; to reveal the influence of individual creative figures on the concert and musical life of the city; to explore the activity of Vinnytsia Music College, the features of its work, and the influence of the teachers of the college on the creative life of the city.The research methodology consisted in the cultural approach and the systemic method, which made it possible to identify the peculiarities of the development of music art of Vinnytsia as a subsystem of the cultural system of the region and Ukraine as a whole. The cultural approach also allowed for analyzing the features of professionalization of music art of the region in the context of the general cultural and historical situation of the first third of the 20th century.The scientific novelty of the work lies in the publication of archival materials which allow for reproducing the specifics of the musical life of Vinnytsia. In particular, new facts about the activity of choirs, orchestras and individual performers were presented.Conclusions. The results of the study suggest that the concert life of Vinnytsia region at the beginning of the 20th century was widely represented by city's ensembles, touring collectives and individual performers, and was saturated and diverse. The versatile study of the activity of creative teams of Vinnytsia in the first third of the 20th century and their orientation towards certain audiences makes it possible to understand the specifics of the process of professionalization of choral art of the region as a component of the original image of regional musical culture.
FESTIVALS OF CIRCUS ART AS A FORM OF CULTURAL INTERACTION
Authors: Pozhars’ka Olena
Published: September 2018

The purpose of the article is to comprehend the festivals of circus art as a phenomenon of modern artistic culture and the form of cultural interaction. Methodology of the study. As the main theoretical paradigm in the study, the system approach was used, within the framework of which the following methods were applied: the typological allowed to determine the main types of festivals of contemporary circus art; analytical helped to identify the characteristic features of festivals of modern circus art, the mechanisms for their implementation and focus of activities. The novelty lies in the fact that this study is the first study on this topic. Conclusions. The festival of circus art is a cultural event that functions according to the laws of the artistic communication spectacle and has a number of characteristic features: synthetic, non-locality, the presence of the viewer as the most important artistic component. Festivals of circus art can be divided into certain types on the following grounds: art form; coverage area; type of institutional support; list of participants; competitive or representative basis. Festivals of circus art – a large-scale form of cultural and intercultural interaction, which reacts sensitively to the main tendencies in this kind of art and promotes its integration into the world cultural process.
SYNTHESIS OF ELEMENTS OF ETHNOCULTURES IN MODERN FASHION
Authors: Hardabkhadze Iryna , Druzenko Alina
Published: September 2018

The purpose of the article is the search for an effective methodology of designing modern clothes based on transferring the results of synthesis of elements of two ethnocultures – traditional Petrykivka painting and Irish lace - into the modern fashion environment.The research methodology was based on the system approach to the synthesis of elements of two ethnocultures as a catalyst for synergy, the creative potential of which can be used in ethnic inspired fashion design to create the image of a women, the contemporary of the 21st century. For effective implementation of the creative potential of synergy of synthesis, an algorithm was proposed based on a two-level morphological analysis-synthesis of elements of two ethnocultures and elements-carriers of fashion trends. The scientific novelty of the work lies in substantiating and experimental confirmation of the possibility of generating creative potential of synergy as a result of the synthesis of elements of Petrykivka painting and Irish lace. The expediency of utilizing the creative potential of synergy of fusion of two ethnocultures in the process of searching for innovative solutions for modern fashion design was substantiated. Conclusions. A methodology for constructing innovative solutions for modern fashion design was proposed, which is based on the convergence of traditional decoration techniques of two ethnocultures and the transfer of the results of synthesis into the modern fashion environment.
SIGN, SYMBOL AND MYTH IN THE CREATIVE WORK OF TARAS SHEVCHENKO: CULTUROLOGICAL ASPECT
Authors: Hurbanska Antonina
Published: September 2018

The purpose of the article is to study the specifics of the use of a sign, symbol and myth while creating the picture of Ukrainian life in the culturological paradigm of T. Shevchenko’s poetic creativity. The research methodology consisted in the set of following methods: analysis and synthesis – to investigate the state of scientific development of the topic; historical-genetic, typological and historical-comparative – to promote understanding of the cultural parameters of the investigated phenomenon, its comprehension in the context of national and European scientific thought. The scientific novelty of the work lies in comprehensive disclosure of the semantic system of the picture of national life and the art of painting by means of words (“cinematic” code) as a great source of power of the artistic influence on the recipient, studying its symbolism as a component of the intricate paradigm of culturological manifestations, the dialectics of connections between the lyrical and scientific reflection in T. Shevchenko’s poetry. Conclusions. It was proved that by using a sign, symbol and myth Shevchenko-the poet synthesized symbols, concepts, mythological and biblical images from the real space of action to the cosmic scale in a comprehensive way, while Shevchenko-the artist used the art of painting by means of words. T. Shevchenko’s creative work is deeply national, its main theme is the fate of Ukraine and its people; at the same time it has a universal character, the basis of which is determined by the triune of the concepts of national – universal – spiritual.
MODERNIZATION OF IT EDUCATION IN UKRAINE: PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES IN SOCIAL – CULTURAL SPHERE
Authors: Chaikovska Olena , Tolmach Maryna , Ovezgeldyyev Ata
Published: September 2018

The purpose of the article is to take into account the process of integration of Ukraine’s education into the international educational space, it is necessary to pay attention to the projects of the national standard classification of education that relate to the directions and specialties of training of IT specialists and outline the expediency of these areas of professional training in higher educational institutions of culture. Methodology of investigation consists in the analysis of existing projects of the national standard classification of IT education made conclusions about their compliance with international standards and recommendations. On the basis of the analysis of open statistical data, the importance of the development of the socio – cultural sphere as a promising branch of the economy and the need for IT specialists with knowledge in this subject field.The analysis of existing projects of the national standard classification of IT education made conclusions about their compliance with international standards and recommendations. On the basis of the analysis of open statistical data, the importance of the development of the socio – cultural sphere as a promising branch of the economy and the need for IT specialists with knowledge in this subject field. Scientific novelty consists in considering the problem of IT education in non – core higher educational institutions, in particular, in higher educational institutions of the socio – cultural sphere. Conclusions. The article analyzes the proposed projects of the national standard classification of education related to the directions and specialties of preparation of IT specialists. Proposed projects of the national standard classification in education related to the directions and specialties of preparation of IT specialists have been analyzed in the article. The emphasis is placed on the need to harmonize educational IT-programs and professional IT qualifications. It has been emphasized on the expediency of training specialists in information technology in universities of culture in connection with the need to master the subject field for which the software product is being created or implemented.
¿Cómo afrontar las noticias falseadas mediante la alfabetización periodística? Estado de la cuestión
Authors: Pérez Tornero José Manuel , Samy Tayie Sally , Tejedor. Santiago , Pulido Cristina
Published: September 2018

Existe en la actualidad un importante debate social sobre la proliferación de noticias falseadas (fake news) en los medios de comunicación y en las redes sociales, especialmente, por el deterioro queestas suponen para los sistemas democráticos, en general, y para el periodismo, en particular. Por esta razón, los estudios sobre periodismo y comunicación afrontan con urgencia el reto de re-conceptualizar un fenómeno que ha existido siempre, pero que cobra nueva vida en el actual entorno mediático. En este contexto, emerge la teoría y práctica de lo que ha venido a llamarse alfabetización periodística (news literacy). Realizamos aquí un breve examen del estado de la cuestión, desde un punto de vista conceptual. Repasamos las teorías, recientes y clásicas, referidas a las noticias falseadas, a partir de una revisión de la principal bibliografía sobre el tema. Como conclusión, proponemos una base conceptual que puede establecer un puente entre las citadas teorías y la práctica de la alfabetización periodística en el marco más amplio de las políticas de alfabetización mediática.
Periodismo y drones. Retos y oportunidades del uso de drones para la narración informativa en España
Authors: Fernández Barrero M.ª Ángeles
Published: September 2018

El uso de drones en el periodismo permite la obtención de imágenes aéreas de difícil cobertura, con un consiguiente abaratamiento de costes, perspectiva, rapidez, movilidad y mayor seguridad para los periodistas. En este ensayo científico pretendemos analizar las oportunidades que brinda el uso de drones al relato informativo en España, con una industria incipiente, y debatir acerca de circunstancias que frenan su desarrollo para su incorporación a las rutinas periodísticas, como el coste que supone para los medios una inversión en una tecnología con una alta siniestralidad, escasa durabilidad y constante modernización, la complejidad técnica y administrativa que implica su uso, la escasez de periodistas especializados o las limitaciones de una legislación restrictiva, que hasta hace poco circunscribía la obtención de recursos gráficos a espacios rurales.
Nuevas métricas de audiencia al servicio del Inbound Marketing
Authors: Aguado-Guadalupe Guadalupe , García-García Alberto Luis
Published: September 2018

En el presente artículo se aborda la utilidad de las herramientas y métricas de audiencia surgidas en el entorno digital para desarrollar prácticas comunicativas de Inbound Marketing. Los objetivos que se persiguen son reconocer qué nuevos indicadores están utilizando las métricas de audiencia; identificar los datos que aportan para prácticas de inbound marketing y apreciar en qué permiten testar los contenidos y planificarlos. Para ello se identifican las principales herramientas de medición y los servicios que ofrecen, así como las métricas que permiten detectar los comportamientos y emociones de los usuarios frente a los mensajes, posibilitando testar los mismos y planificarlos para atraer la atención del público, retenerlo y fidelizarlo. Las conclusiones permiten ver cómo las nuevas métricas están reconfigurando la manera en la que se producen y distribuyen los contenidos, hasta llegar a convertirse en herramientas indispensables, que permiten identificar la capacidad de atracción, retención, fidelización y satisfacción de los usuarios frente a dichos contenidos. La analítica de datos ha pasado a ser una herramienta en la que los aspectos pragmáticos interseccionan con aspectos emocionales, permitiendo cuantificar la experiencia y la emoción más allá del hábito y posibilitando planificar los contenidos para adaptarlos a los requerimientos de los usuarios.
Frames de la religión en editoriales de cuatro periódicos españoles (2009-2010)
Authors: Jiménez-Yáñez Ricardo-María
Published: September 2018

En este artículo se analizan los elementos y las funciones de frame y los máster frames presentes en dos combinaciones de palabras relacionadas con las religiones (“Benedicto XVI” y “velo integral”), de un corpus de editoriales de cuatro periódicos españoles (2009-2010), para investigar cómo se posicionan ideológicamente los periódicos a través de esos textos sobre la representación de la religión en la vida pública. Con un espíritu interdisciplinar, en este trabajo se une metodológicamente el enfoque de framing (Entman), que es más propio del ámbito de la comunicación, con algunas técnicas de la Lingüística de Corpus. Al representar la religión católica, los editoriales analizados ofrecen posturas ideológicas radicalmente diferentes, con una polarización más marcada entre El País y ABC, y un enfoque menos partidario, incluso a veces más difuso, en La Vanguardia y El Periódico. En cambio, en la representación del uso del velo y, por extensión, de aspectos importantes de la religión islámica, en ABC y El País los enfoques aparecen un tanto más imprecisos. Finalmente, aunque el “periodismo pluralista” de La Vanguardia y de El Periódico ofrece una postura ideológica difusa sobre el uso del velo, se han observado matices distintos en el tratamiento de esta prenda por parte de estos dos periódicos.
Development of Indonesian language book using glasser model
Authors: Syamsuyurnita Syamsuyurnita , Nasution Dewi Kesuma
Published: September 2018

This study aims to describe the process of developing teaching materials by using Glasser model in the Indonesian language course in FKIP UMSU. The sample of the research is 34-second semester A morning students in the Study Program of Language and Literature of Indonesia, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Muhammadiyah, Sumatera Utara. The questionnaire instrument was used to determine the student's response and activeness to the developed teaching material, the observation sheet used to know the condition of the students in the learning process, and the validation sheet instrument used for the development of teaching materials based on SAP using Glasser model. The result of descriptive research on student's response shows that 100% of students were happy about the teaching materials of Bahasa Indonesia (Teaching Materials, Guided Exercises and Lecture Strategies) and 91.66% of students think that the teaching materials are new to them. After using the teaching materials developed by the researcher and following the teaching and learning activities, students (100%) are interested in following the next lesson, the readability of the language of the learning material is easy to understand (91.66%) and the guidance given by the lecturer is clear (100%). While the self-employed activity is fun for students (91.66%). Students activity in learning activities was shown by their involvement in problem solving, his involvement in carrying out learning tasks, assessing his ability, digging and developing his own knowledge. Based on the validation sheet on the test of learning result 1 obtained information that from the 3 learning objectives formulated in SAP I and SAP II there is 1 learning objectives that have not yet completed. Based on the results of descriptive analysis of the test results of learning 2 it was obtained that the 3 learning objectives formulated in SAP III and SAP IV was finished learning objective.
Analysis technique of translation and measurement shift (shifts) in text of AXA Life contract Indonesia
Authors: Simanjuntak Pantas
Published: September 2018

The research was carried out to analyse a legislative text as a product of translation. It is referred to Seiddel's qualitative data analysis where the data processing was performed by selecting, identification, and tabulating. (2%), compensation (1%), description (2%) discursive creation (5%) generalization (5%), literal translation (10%), modulation (8%), particularization (5%) reduction (5%) completion (4%), and dilation (14%). Meanwhile, the four categories shift are implemented as the following frequency: Intra-system shifts; 90 (52.02%), followed by Unit Shifts 46 (26.59%), Structural Shifts 24 (13.88%), and then Class Shifts 13 (7.51%). The other finding was inaccurateness. It was found that there were inaccurate translation for 5 phrases, and resulted not equivalence ones in rendering the source language into the target language.
The Design and development of model of English training program for local community at rural tourism
Authors: Koerniawaty Francisca Titing , Koeswiryono Dika Pranadwipa
Published: September 2018

The President of Republic of Indonesia issued eight instructions at the CabinetForum on January 4th 2016, one if wich was “Ensuring the Development of the 10 National Tourism Destinations or 10 New Bali, to meet the 2019 tourism target, the increasing of national income from 120 billion into 240 billion.Bali as one of Indonesia’s prime tourism destination has also taken participation in increasing the income. This can be seen from the support given by Bali government to establish the development program of ten rural tourism in the program of the development of Bali in tourism for the next four years to develop the rural tourism. Based on this, the research was aimed at participating in the development of Human Resource in areas where rural tourism take place to allow the villagers to interact intensively with foreign tourists and give their best service.The participation was the design and development of English training with syllabus, lesson plan and training material as its results. The training put much emphasis on the increase of English communication ability based on the potential resource of Bedulu Village as one of rural tourism. The method of the research was Design and Development, porposed by Ellis and Levy (2010), that consists of several phases in designing and developing English training. It is expected that the output of the study will results in the realization of society service at rural tourism as English training.
Editorial: Sozialismus
Authors: Redaktion Prokla
Published: September 2018

Editorial: Sozialismus
„Wo Schmutz und Blut zusammenfließen“ Problemzonen eines linken Klassenprojekts
Authors: Bescherer Peter
Published: September 2018

Over the past few years socialist intellectuals and political activists have stressed the need for an alliance between middle-class groups, wage-workers, and the marginalised underclass. The article seeks to unfold the theoretical background of this rather difficult approach by checking out the lower limits of the claimed alliance. Starting with Marx and Engels’ downgrading of the lumpenproletariat, it examines two controversial lines in critical theory: on the one hand analyses of supposed shortcomings that regard marginalised groups as unable to become subject of social transformation, and on the other hand (e .g . anarchist or operaist and post-operaist) approaches that bring into focus the particular but coequal ways of the poor and excluded in struggling for change. The article argues for an integrated approach.
Klassismus
Authors: Kemper Andreas
Published: September 2018

Christian Baron formuliert in seinem Artikel „Klasse und Klassismus“ (Baron 2014) an bisherigen Klassismus-Analysen eine terminologische, methodische und handlungstheoretische Kritik. Bezugspunkte der Kritik sind jeweils von mir (mit)verfasste Texte. Alle drei Kritiken weisen sowohl Missverständnisse als auch inhaltliche Differenzen auf. In dieser Replik kann aus Platzgründen nur versucht werden, die Missverständnisse deutlich zu machen, eine Fortsetzung der inhaltlichen Diskussion bietet sich für spätere Ausgaben der PROKLA an. Grundlegend ist anzumerken, dass „Klassismus“ zunächst als Empowerment- Begriff in der links-emanzipatorischen Bewegung geprägt wurde und dass eine gesellschaftsanalytisch-theoriebasierte Schärfung des Begriffs nicht die praktische Verwendbarkeit einschränken sollte. Erschwerend kommt zu diesem Doppelcharakter der Funktion des Begriffs (Empowerment, Gesellschaftsanalyse) die doppelte Thematisierung in den unterschiedlichen Feldern von Klassen- und Diskriminierungstheorie hinzu. Zudem fehlt bislang ein eigenständiger Ort der Diskussion, so dass Klassismus in Zeitschriften diskutiert wird, die marxistische (PROKLA 175), antirassistische (ZAG. Antirassistische Zeitung 2014, Nr. 67) oder feministische (an.schläge 2014, Nr. 7), aber keine dezidiert antiklassistische Ausrichtungen haben. Hierdurch sind Missverständnisse wie die folgenden erklärbar.
Unsteady Lifting Line Theory Using the Wagner Function for the Aerodynamic and Aeroelastic Modeling of 3D Wings
Authors: Boutet Johan , Dimitriadis Grigorios
Published: September 2018

A method is presented to model the incompressible, attached, unsteady lift and pitching moment acting on a thin three-dimensional wing in the time domain. The model is based on the combination of Wagner theory and lifting line theory through the unsteady Kutta–Joukowski theorem. The results are a set of closed-form linear ordinary differential equations that can be solved analytically or using a Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg algorithm. The method is validated against numerical predictions from an unsteady vortex lattice method for rectangular and tapered wings undergoing step or oscillatory changes in plunge or pitch. Further validation is demonstrated on an aeroelastic test case of a rigid rectangular finite wing with pitch and plunge degrees of freedom.
Effect of Ramie Fabric Chemical Treatments on the Physical Properties of Thermoset Polylactic Acid (PLA) Composites
Authors: Wang Chunhong , Ren Zilong , Li Shan , Yi Xiaosu
Published: September 2018

Ramie fabric-reinforced thermoset polylactic acid (PLA) composites were prepared by using heat pressing technology. Fabrics were treated with alkali, silane, and alkali–silane respectively, expecting an improvement of the interface between the fabric and the matrix. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results indicated that after alkali treatment, impurities on the fiber surface were removed and its diameter became finer. After the silane, and alkali–silane treatments, the contact angles of the ramie fibers increased by 14.26%, and 33.12%, respectively. The contact angle of the alkali–silane treated fiber reached 76.41°; this is beneficial for the adhesion between ramie fiber and the PLA. The research revealed that the tensile strength of the fiber increased after the alkali and silane treatments. A slight decrease was noticed on the tensile strength of fibers treated with alkali–silane. After all, three chemical treatments were done, the flexure strength of the ramie fabric-reinforced PLA composites, improved in all cases. Among the three treatments, the alkali–silane treatment demonstrated the best result, as far as the flexure strength and modulus of the fabricated composites were concerned. On the other hand, water absorption of the related composites decreased by 23.70%, which might contribute to the closer contact between the ramie fiber and the matrix. The ramie fabric-reinforced PLA composites, prepared in this study, can meet the standard requirements of aircraft interior structures and have favorable application foreground.
SOC Stock Changes and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Following Tropical Land Use Conversions to Plantation Crops on Mineral Soils, with a Special Focus on Oil Palm and Rubber Plantations
Authors: Shanmugam Sanjutha , Dalal Ram C. , Joosten Hans , Raison R. J. , Joo Goh Kah
Published: September 2018

The increasing global demand for vegetable oils has resulted in a significant increase in the area under oil palm in the tropics during the last couple of decades, and this is projected to increase further. The Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil discourages the conversion of peatlands to oil palm and rubber plantations. However, our understanding of the effects on soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and associated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of land use conversion is incomplete, especially for mineral soils under primary forests, secondary forests, rubber and other perennial plantations in the tropics. In this review we synthesised information on SOC stocks and GHG emissions from tropical mineral soils under forest, oil palm and rubber plantations and other agroecosystems across the tropical regions. We found that the largest SOC losses occurred after land use conversion from primary forest to oil palm and rubber plantations. Secondary forest and pasture lands showed lower SOC losses as well as total GHG (CO2, N2O and CH4) emissions when converted to oil palm and rubber plantations. However, due to the limited data available on all three GHG emissions, there remains high uncertainty in GHG emissions estimates, and regional GHG accounting is more reliable. We recommend long-term monitoring of oil palm and other perennial plantations established on tropical mineral soils on different soil types and regions on SOC stock changes and total GHG emissions and evaluate appropriate management practices to optimise production and sustainable economic returns, and minimise environmental impact.
Pruning and Training Systems Impact Yield and Cold Hardiness of ‘Marion’ Trailing Blackberry
Authors: Strik Bernadine C.
Published: September 2018

The floricane-fruiting, trailing blackberry (Rubus L. subgenus Rubus, Watson) cultivar Marion was evaluated in two plantings for the impact of floricane pruning date. This included leaving the dead canes unpruned and training new primocanes over the dead wood (new-over-old), primocane topping and suppression date in alternate year (AY) and every year (EY) production systems at various planting densities. The presence of primocanes during fruit development did not affect yield of the floricane in the current season but suppressing primocanes to June 30 in Oregon, USA, led to insufficient time for primocane growth, reducing yield of the floricane the following year by 36% relative to no primocane suppression. Pruning out senescing floricanes immediately after fruit harvest or later—thus allowing more time for remobilization of nutrients or reserves—had no impact on yield. However, yield in the new-over-old system was higher, likely due to less training damage to primocanes in this treatment. All of the AY treatments studied led to lower berry weight compared to EY production but this has not been an issue in the processed fruit market to date. Plants in AY production produced more canes per plant than in EY but at the industry standard spacing of 1.5 m, AY plants yielded only 60% to 66% more than EY plants in these studies, despite evidence of plants in AY production having greater cold hardiness. There was no significant effect of planting at higher density (0.6 and 0.9 m) on cumulative yield over 4 years. However, planting at 0.6 m and topping the primocanes to the top trellis wire (1.8 m) increased yield significantly compared to other AY treatments. This alternative production system may offer economic advantages to the 1.5 m EY or AY production systems through reducing management costs and allowing for mechanical pruning and training.
Comparison of Herbicides for Control of Diclofop-Resistant Italian Ryegrass in Wheat
Authors: Bararpour Taghi , Hale Ralph R. , Kaur Gurpreet , Bond Jason A. , Burgos Nilda R. , Tseng Te-Ming P. , Wilkerson Tessie H. , Lazaro Lauren M.
Published: September 2018

Diclofop-resistant Italian ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. ssp. Multiflorum (Lam.) Husnot) is a dominant weed problem in non-irrigated winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in mid-south USA. Field studies were conducted from 2001 to 2007 to evaluate the efficacy of herbicides for diclofop-resistant ryegrass control and effect on wheat yield. In 2001 through 2004, chlorsulfuron/metsulfuron at 0.026 kg ha−1 preemergence (PRE) followed by (fb) mesosulfuron at 0.048 kg ha−1 at 4-leaf to 2-tiller ryegrass provided 89% control of diclofop-resistant Italian ryegrass, resulting in the highest wheat yield (3201 kg ha−1). Flufenacet/metribuzin at 0.476 kg ha−1 applied at 1- to 2-leaf wheat had equivalent Italian ryegrass control (87%), but lesser yield (3013 kg ha−1). In 2005–2006, best treatments for Italian ryegrass control were chlorsulfuron/metsulfuron, 0.013 kg ha−1 PRE fb mesosulfuron 0.015 kg ha−1 at 3- to 4-leaf ryegrass (92%); metribuzin, 0.280 kg ha−1 at 2- to 3- leaf wheat fb metribuzin at 2- to 3-tiller ryegrass (94%); chlorsulfuron/metsulfuron (0.026 kg ha−1) (89%); and flufenacet/metribuzin at 1- to 2-leaf wheat (89%). Chlorsulfuron/metsulfuron fb mesosulfuron provided higher yield (3515 kg ha−1) than all other treatments, except metribuzin fb metribuzin.
Effect of Molybdenum Rate on Yield and Quality of Lettuce, Escarole, and Curly Endive Grown in a Floating System
Authors: Moncada Alessandra , Miceli Alessandro , Sabatino Leo , Iapichino Giovanni , D’Anna Fabio , Vetrano Filippo
Published: September 2018

Molybdenum (Mo) is required in enzymes involved in a number of different metabolic processes, and is crucial for the survival of plants and animals. The influence of nutrient solutions containing four levels of molybdenum (0, 0.5, 1.5, and 3.0 µmol/L) on growth, yield, and quality of lettuce, escarole, and curly endive grown in a hydroponic floating system was evaluated. Biometric, nutrient, and quality analyses were conducted to assess the response of each species to Mo. The results demonstrated that molybdenum is essential for harvesting marketable plants. Lettuce, escarole, and curly endive plants differed significantly in their response to molybdenum fertilization. The increase of Mo concentration in the nutrient solution was not harmful for plants and had no influence on yield and morphological traits of the leafy vegetables; however, it significantly affected some quality characteristics. Mo fertilization raised the nutritional quality by increasing ascorbic acid content up to 320.2, 139.0, and 102.1 mg kg−1 FW (fresh weight), and reducing nitrate content down to 1039.2, 1047.3, and 1181.2 mg kg−1 FW for lettuce, escarole, and curly endive, respectively. The addition of Mo in the nutrient solution increased the Mo content of plants up to 0.50, 4.02, and 2.68 μg g−1 FW for lettuce, escarole, and curly endive, respectively. Increasing Mo supply to lettuce, escarole, and curly endive up to 3.0 µmol L−1 could lead to a higher nutritional quality with no significant morphological alteration or yield loss.
Effect of WC Nanoparticles on the Microstructure and Properties of WC-Bronze-Ni-Mn Based Diamond Composites
Authors: Li Siqi , Han Zhe , Meng Qingnan , Zhao Xinzhe , Cao Xin , Liu Baochang
Published: September 2018

Metal matrix-impregnated diamond composites are widely used for fabricating diamond tools. In order to meet the actual engineering challenges, researchers have made many efforts to seek effective methods to enhance the performance of conventional metal matrices. In this work, tungsten carbide (WC) nanoparticles were introduced into WC-Bronze-Ni-Mn matrix with and without diamond grits for improving the performance of conventional impregnated diamond composites. The influence of WC nanoparticles on the microstructure, densification, hardness, bending strength and wear resistance of matrix and diamond composites were investigated. The results showed that the bending strength of matrix increased up to approximately 20% upon nano-WC addition, while densification and hardness fluctuate slightly. The grinding ratio of diamond composites increased significantly by about 100% due to nano-WC addition. The strengthening mechanism was proposed according to experimental results. The diamond composites with 2.8 wt% nano-WC addition exhibited the best overall properties, thus having potential to apply to further diamond tools.
Aqueous Garlic Extract as a Plant Biostimulant Enhances Physiology, Improves Crop Quality and Metabolite Abundance, and Primes the Defense Responses of Receiver Plants
Authors: Hayat Sikandar , Ahmad Husain , Ali Muhammad , Hayat Kashif , Khan Muhammad Ali , Cheng Zhihui
Published: September 2018

Biostimulants are the next-generation choice for sustainable agricultural production and are gradually becoming an alternative to synthetic chemicals. Various botanicals are proposed to exert stimulatory effects, and garlic allelochemicals are among such botanicals; however, a peer-reviewed scientific evaluation is required to understand garlic-derived substances such as biostimulants. Current studies were therefore performed to identify the bioactivity of garlic extract as a biostimulant to improve crop quality, alter its physiological potential, and prime its defense responses against pathogenic fungal infections. 100 µg mL−1 aqueous garlic extracts (AGE) in consort with 1 mM of acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) and distilled water as a control treatment were applied to eggplant and pepper seedlings as foliar application and fertigation methods. The results revealed stimulatory responses in the growth of the vegetables with improved plant height, number of leaves, root growth, fresh and dry weight, etc., due to AGE and ASA applications. Moreover, significant alterations were indicated in plant metabolites such as chlorophyll, carotenoids, and soluble sugars. Additionally, stimulation of the antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD), as well as the root activity of these plants, was observed after treatment. Application of AGE and ASA also exerted priming effects on pepper plants, inducing defense responses prior to Phytopthora capsici inoculation, and the treated plants therefore successfully resisted infection through activated antioxidant systems, and probably carotenoid and other protectory metabolites. Stress-induced H2O2 content was extremely low in the treated plants, indicating successful resistance against pathogenic infection.
Optimal Location of the Access Points for MIMO-UWB Systems
Authors: Chien Wei , Yu Chia-Ying , Chiu Chien-Ching , Huang Po-Hsuan
Published: September 2018

A multiple-input and multiple-output ultra-wideband (MIMO-UWB) system provides a higher data rate. However, the multipath effect of the intersymbol interference (ISI) increases the bit error rate (BER) and outage probability of the MIMO-UWB system. For this paper, the authors applied the real orthogonal design (ROD) to an MIMO-UWB system to improve the efficiency of that system. A ray-tracing technique and an inverse fast Fourier transform were used to get the impulse response of the indoor environment. In addition, a rake receiver was used to increase the strength of the received signal to minimize the multipath effect. For this paper, two cases of an indoor wireless MIMO-UWB system were studied: case (A) used different antenna arrays, whereas case (B) placed antenna arrays in different locations to find the best position of the transmitter. In case (A), three different shapes of antenna arrays, namely L-shape, circular-shape, and Y-shape, were used for the transmitter and receiver. The BER performance for these arrays in the UWB frequency of 3.1–10.6 GHz was examined. Numerical results showed that the outage probability of the circular array was better than that of the other two arrays. In case (B), the transmitter used was an array with two antenna elements. The optimal location for the transmitter was found by using both asynchronous particle swarm optimization (APSO) and self-adaptive dynamic differential evolution (SADDE). The numerical results indicated that the performance of APSO was better than that of SADDE.
Deep Learning Based Lithology Classification Using Dual-Frequency Pol-SAR Data
Authors: Wang Wenguang , Ren Xin , Zhang Yan , Li Meng
Published: September 2018

Lithology classification is a crucial step in the prospecting process, and polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (Pol-SAR) imagery has been extensively used for it. However, despite significant improvements in both information content of Pol-SAR imagery and advanced classification approaches, lithology classification using Pol-SAR data may not provide satisfactory classification accuracy due to high similarity of certain classes. In this paper, a novel Pol-SAR lithology classification method based on a stacked sparse autoencoder (SSAE) is proposed. By using superpixel segmentation, new features can be extracted from dual-frequency Pol-SAR data, which can increase the class separability of the input data. Then, these features and the coherency matrices are incorporated into SSAE to classify the lithology. The classification performance is evaluated on an SIR-C dataset acquired over Xinjiang, China. The experimental result shows that this method is effective for lithology classification and can improve the overall accuracy up to 98.90%.
Response Prediction and Monitoring Feasibility of a Stow Net System Using Measured Environmental Data in the Southwest Coast of Korea
Authors: Jin Chungkuk , Choi Junho , Kim Moo-Hyun
Published: September 2018

This paper investigates the response characteristics of a stow net under wave and current excitations, as well as the feasibility of its monitoring system to check net functionality and prevent loss of fishing gears. The stow-net model is based on one of existing types used in southwest coast of South Korea. The measured wave and current data there are acquired and inputted as environmental loads for numerical simulations. The Morison equation for a moving object with equivalent net model is utilized as the external-force estimator, which has been validated by many researchers regarding fish-cage studies. Since the modelling of all the net elements is inefficient in terms of computational time in time-domain simulations, cruder equivalent-drag net elements are devised with equivalent wet mass, projected area, and axial stiffness. The performance of stow net is highly influenced by current velocity. Stow nets submerge more in stronger currents, which results in less wave forces. The proposed monitoring system can provide useful information, such as net functionality and loss of stow net, using the minimum number of monitoring sensors.