bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La sagesse présocratique
Authors: Desclos Marie-Laurence
Published: February 2016

R ésumé. « Historiens, médecins et scientifiques » : la tentation est grande de reconnaître sous ces dénominations les premières manifestations d’une spécialisation des savoirs, de champs de compétences autonomes et de discours accédant, par conséquent, à une première forme de scientificité. Ces discours savants s’opposeraient tout autant à la polymathie traditionnelle qu’à la sagesse poétique, opposition dont Héraclite serait tout à la fois un acteur et un témoin. Les choses, cependant, sont peut-être moins simples. Pour Héraclite, d’abord, dont l’attitude vis-à-vis du « savoir nombreux » (fr. 129 DK 1 ) n’est pas aussi tranchée que pourrait le faire croire le fragment 40 DK. Mais également pour ses prédécesseurs, ses contemporains et les penseurs ultérieurs, qui nous donnent le spectacle non d’une dispersion et d’une diversité de « connaissances » confinant à la confusion, voire au charlatanisme, mais d’une remarquable tentative de saisie d’un objet en lui-même multiple. Si le savoir est – et doit être – « nombreux », c’est parce que son objet, la phusis , le lui impose. La phusis , c’est-à-dire la « nature » entendue dans son sens indigène : nature de l’univers, du vivant, de l’homme, de la santé et de la maladie, du corps et de l’âme, des « hauteurs » et des nombres, des dieux et du logos . La polymathie apparaît donc comme l’unique moyen permettant une saisie englobante de cette riche diversité, face à laquelle les discours étroitement spécialisés resteraient impuissants.
La sagesse présocratique
Authors: Laurent Jérôme
Published: February 2016

R ésumé. Des premiers penseurs de Milet, Thalès, Anaximandre et Anaximène 1 , il ne reste que de très brefs fragments, voire, pour Thalès, rien, si ce n’est des récits et des paroles rapportés. Cette origine silencieuse a laissé place à une figure proche d’une légende. En quel sens ces penseurs peuvent-ils donc être tenus pour les « premiers savants », premiers géographes, premiers astronomes et mathématiciens grecs ? L’enquête « sur la nature », ta peri phuseôs , pose la phusis comme un tout, un kosmos , et en cherche la rationalité à travers la question de l’ arkhè , le principe. Selon Thalès, le principe fondamental est l’eau, selon Anaximène, l’air, selon Anaximandre, ni l’un ni l’autre, mais ce qu’il nomme apeiron , l’illimité ou l’indéfini qui reçoit toutes les déterminations. L’usage de la raison n’est pas né à Milet, ni la science au sens contemporain du terme, mais « la communauté des philosophes depuis Thalès », selon l’expression de Husserl, a régulièrement cherché son acte de naissance sur les rives du Méandre ; déjà pour Platon, dans le Théétète , Thalès est l’ancêtre commun de tous ceux qui aiment le savoir.
La sagesse présocratique
Authors: Fronterotta Francesco
Published: February 2016

R ésumé. Le critère « géographique » de classement des penseurs présocratiques adopté dans ce volume montre bien son efficace dans le cas de Parménide et Zénon, natifs de la ville d’Élée, dans le sud de l’Italie, car ce n’est qu’entre eux que l’on peut admettre un rapport, sinon d’école à proprement parler, au moins de connaissance directe et de doctrine, alors que, pour ce qui est de Xénophane et de Mélissos, habituellement rangés dans le cadre de l’« école » éléatique, la situation apparaît beaucoup plus douteuse, Xénophane n’ayant aucune relation certaine avec Parménide (ni personnelle ni doctrinaire) et avec la ville d’Élée, et Mélissos, qui reprend évidemment une version « moniste » des thèses de Parménide, se situant à une distance considérable de ce dernier, dans l’île de Samos, en mer Égée. C’est la raison pour laquelle on ne traitera pas, dans ce chapitre, de Xénophane (voir, dans ce volume, le chapitre Égée ) ; et que l’on examinera, de Mélissos, les arguments qui se rattachent de manière directe aux thèses de Parménide (voir aussi, pour compléter sa présentation, le chapitre Abdère ).
Annexin A2 Limits Neutrophil Transendothelial Migration by Organizing the Spatial Distribution of ICAM-1
Authors: Heemskerk Niels , Asimuddin Mohammed , Oort Chantal , van Rijssel Jos , van Buul Jaap D.
Published: February 2016

ICAM-1 is required for firm adhesion of leukocytes to the endothelium. However, how the spatial organization of endothelial ICAM-1 regulates leukocyte adhesion is not well understood. In this study, we identified the calcium-effector protein annexin A2 as a novel binding partner for ICAM-1. ICAM-1 clustering promotes the ICAM-1–annexin A2 interaction and induces translocation of ICAM-1 into caveolin-1–rich membrane domains. Depletion of endothelial annexin A2 using RNA interference enhances ICAM-1 membrane mobility and prevents the translocation of ICAM-1 into caveolin-1–rich membrane domains. Surprisingly, this results in increased neutrophil adhesion and transendothelial migration under flow conditions and reduced crawling time, velocity, and lateral migration distance of neutrophils on the endothelium. In conclusion, our data show that annexin A2 limits neutrophil transendothelial migration by organizing the spatial distribution of ICAM-1.
A Novel Vaccination Strategy Mediating the Induction of Lung-Resident Memory CD8 T Cells Confers Heterosubtypic Immunity against Future Pandemic Influenza Virus
Authors: Lee Yu-Na , Lee Young-Tae , Kim Min-Chul , Gewirtz Andrew T. , Kang Sang-Moo
Published: February 2016

The currently used vaccine strategy to combat influenza A virus (IAV) aims to provide highly specific immunity to circulating seasonal IAV strains. However, the outbreak of 2009 influenza pandemic highlights the danger in this strategy. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that universal vaccination that offers broader but weaker protection would result in cross protective T cell responses after primary IAV infection, which would subsequently provide protective immunity against future pandemic strains. Specifically, we used tandem repeat extracellular domain of M2 (M2e) epitopes on virus-like particles (M2e5x VLP) that induced heterosubtypic immunity by eliciting Abs to a conserved M2e epitope. M2e5x VLP was found to be superior to strain-specific current split vaccine in conferring heterosubtypic cross protection and in equipping the host with cross-protective lung-resident nucleoprotein-specific memory CD8+ T cell responses to a subsequent secondary infection with a new pandemic potential strain. Immune correlates for subsequent heterosubtypic immunity by M2e5x VLP vaccination were found to be virus-specific CD8+ T cells secreting IFN-γ and expressing lung-resident memory phenotypic markers CD69+ and CD103+ as well as M2e Abs. Hence, vaccination with M2e5x VLP may be developable as a new strategy to combat future pandemic outbreaks.
Bioactive isochromenone isolated from Aspergillus fumigatus, endophytic fungus from Bacopa monnieri
Authors: Thakur Jay Prakash , Haider Rumana , Singh Dhananjay Kumar , Kumar Balagani Sathish , Vasudev Prema G. , Luqman Suaib , Kalra Alok , Saikia Dharmendra , Negi Arvind S.
Published: February 2016

Fungal endophytes are a significant reservoir of novel bioactive secondary metabolites. Present communication describes isolation and structure determination of isochromenone, from endophytic microorganism Aspergillus fumigatus hosted in Bacopa monnieri plant. Further, its biological evaluation revealed it as antioxidant and antitubercular. The methanol extract of A. fumigatus inhibits the growth of the virulent strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37RV with minimum inhibitory concentration 500 μg/mL. This is the first report of isolation of isochromenone from A. fumigatus.
Effects of light intensity and the remaining nitrate concentration on the beta-carotene accumulation of a wild Dunaliella salina strain isolated from the saline soil
Authors: Wu Zhe , Akter Rokeya , Arirob Wallop , Juntawong Niran , Ma Chunhong , Duangmanee Promchup
Published: February 2016

An isolated Dunaliella salina strain from northern Thailand was cultured in modified Johnson’s medium in column photobioreactor. The beta-carotene accumulation mainly depended on the quantities of cells entering into carotenogenesis condition that was significantly enhanced by high started KNO3 concentration. Low remaining nitrate concentration in the culture of each cell (RNCC) was suitable for algae to accumulate beta-carotene. Following the cultivation time extended, RNCC of all cultures decreased and tended to the same level (10-20 pg/cell) although the biomass or betacarotene content in the culture was higher in high started KNO3 concentration. High light intensity restrained the growth especially in low KNO3 concentration but improved betacarotene accumulation and RNCC. The highest biomass and beta-carotene dry weight (DW) were 2.25 g L-1 and 79.2 mg g-1 DW respectively. Above results indicated that increasing the biomass and as early as possible to strengthen the stress on each cell was important to improve the final beta-carotene yield.
HEMOGLOBIN ANALYSIS IN THE FIRST YEAR OF LIFE
Authors: WONG PEERAPON
Published: February 2016

Background and Objectives: In newborns and infants during their first year of life, there is a dynamic change in the fraction of hemoglobin (Hb). To apply Hb analysis as a phenotypic diagnosis of thalassemia in newborns and infants, we need normal values of each Hb fraction for reference.  Methods: Seventeen cord bloods from normal deliveries were collected for analysis. One hundred and thirty seven infants from the pediatric outpatient clinic were recruited and were categorized by their ages into a series of short periods (month+2 weeks). Both alpha and beta thalassemia carriers detected were excluded. Samples with an Hb level less than 10.0 g/dL were also excluded. The proportion of Hb A (a2b2), A2 (a2d2), and F (a2g2) was obtained from high performance liquid chromatography and analyzed according to its categorized periods.  Results: There were 90 (58.4%) specimens left for evaluation. The percentage of Hb A, A2, and F gradually changed with increasing age. The percentage of Hb A was 21.14+7.04% (mean+SD) in cord blood and increased substantially to 83.38+1.31% at the sixth month. The level was sustained thereafter. The incremental pattern of Hb A2 was similar to Hb A. The value was 0.32+0.19% at the beginning and reached a plateau with 2.78+0.25% at the sixth month. The percentage of Hb F started at 78.39+7.59% in cord blood and decreased rapidly in the first 6 months. Conclusions: The data possibly can be applied as quick guidance for interpretation of Hb analysis in newborns and infants during their first year of life.
On Hodge Theory of Singular Plane Curves
Authors: Abdallah Nancy
Published: February 2016

The dimensions of the graded quotients of the cohomology of a plane curve complementU= ℙ2\Cwith respect to the Hodge filtration are described in terms of simple geometrical invariants. The case of curves with ordinary singularities is discussed in detail. We also give a precise numerical estimate for the difference between the Hodge filtration and the pole order filtration onH2(U,ℂ).
A short proof of the Kac–Ward formula
Authors: Lis Marcin
Published: February 2016

We present a new short proof of the Kac–Ward formula for the partition function of the Ising model on planar graphs.
Loop-weighted walk
Authors: Helmuth Tyler
Published: February 2016

Loop-weighted walk with parameter

\lambda \geq 0

is a non-Markovian model of random walks that is related to the loop

O(N)

model of statistical mechanics. A walk receives weight

\lambda^{k}

if it contains

k

loops; whether this is a reward or punishment for containing loops depends on the value of

\lambda

. A challenging feature of loop-weighted walk is that it is not purely repulsive, meaning the weight of the future of a walk may either increase or decrease if the past is forgotten. Repulsion is typically an essential property for lace expansion arguments. This article circumvents the lack of repulsion and proves, for any

\lambda > 0

, that loop-weighted walk is diffusive in high dimensions by lace expansion methods.
Randomized Controlled Trial of the Healthy Eating And Lifestyle After Stroke (HEALS) Intervention
Authors: Hill Valerie , Towfighi Amytis , Cheng Eric M. , Vi Barbara G. , Valle Natalie , Ayala-Rivera Monica , Charlton Annaliese , Wang Debbie , Ochoa Dina , Ayala Cynthia , Dombish Heidi , Martinez Karina , Martinez Beatrice
Published: February 2016

Date Presented 4/16/2015

The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to test the feasibility of an outpatient poststroke lifestyle intervention in a safety-net health care system to estimate and compare effect sizes for short-term changes in body mass index (BMI), diet, and physical activity.
Bimanual Assessment Measure (BAM): Development of a Measure of Bimanual Function for Use After Stroke
Authors: Johnson Brian , Waller Sandra McComb , Whitall Jill , Westlake Kelly
Published: February 2016

Date Presented 4/16/2015

Poststroke rehab has turned toward treatment of bimanual coordination. However, there is no comprehensive measure of bimanual function. The Bimanual Assessment Measure (BAM) will be the first comprehensive measure of bimanual functioning, and it has good content validity based on input from individuals with stroke and occupational therapists (OTs).
Increasing Readiness for Advocacy Through a Problem-Solving Advocacy Intervention
Authors: Kramer Jessica M. , Helfrich Christine A. , Selmane Romeissa
Published: February 2016

Date Presented 4/16/2015

This study examined the relationship between the readiness for advocacy and the attainment of goals in a problem-solving advocacy intervention (Project TEAM). Parents reported a significant increase in readiness. Youths with varying levels of readiness for change attained their participation goals.
Optimizing Cognitive Abilities for Individuals with Chemotherapy-Related Cognitive Impairments: A Quality Improvement Study
Authors: Hite Sherry , Lemon Celina
Published: February 2016

Date Presented 4/16/2015

This 12-mo prospective quality improvement study explored the efficacy of early occupational therapy and cognitive intervention for hematology patients with chemotherapy-related cognitive impairments undergoing an autologous stem cell transplant.
Sexual Assault: Building the Evidence for Occupational Therapy
Authors: Gerney Amy , Muffly Andrea
Published: February 2016

Date Presented 4/16/2015

This study explored how individuals who have reported a history of sexual assault engage in occupations that require touch. Results indicate that sexual assault had a statistically significant effect on an individual’s participation in everyday occupations.
Relationship Between Level of Physical Activity and Fall Risk Factors in Older Women at Risk of Falling
Authors: Nochajski Susan , Nair Sujata , Tomita Machiko R. , Fisher Nadine M. , Ramsay Dan K.
Published: February 2016

Date Presented 4/16/2015

This cross-sectional study found levels of physical activity—in terms of overall activity, physical exercise, and walking—that correspond to lowest risk of falling. This study provides evidence to strengthen occupational therapy’s philosophy of activity promotion and ideas for future research.
Out of the Ivory Tower: Does Education Connect to the Clinical Experience?
Authors: Brzykcy Donna , Vallone Theresa , Nwora Amy
Published: February 2016

Date Presented 4/16/2015

Students’ perceptions of academic preparation and fieldwork indicate a clear disconnect that can lead to student frustration. Teachers and clinicians need to work together to support Accreditation Council for Occupational Therapy Education (ACOTE) Standard C.1.1 and to provide fieldwork that is in sync with classroom education and that enhances student outcomes. This study sought to determine the connection between students’ perceptions of occupational therapy academic preparation and clinical experiences, particularly Level I experiences.
Impact of Demographic and Contextual Factors on a Computer-Training Program for People With Physical Disabilities
Authors: Mendonca Rochelle , Griffiths Katherine , Waller Dawn , Strawbridge Michael , Sebastian Maria
Published: February 2016

Date Presented 4/16/2015

Significant gaps in research exist related to the efficacy of computer-training programs and factors that affect successful program completion for individuals with disabilities. This study retrospectively examines the roles that demographics and context have on such programs.
Applying a Logic Model to the Evaluation of a Participatory Ergonomics Program
Authors: Jaegers Lisa
Published: February 2016

Date Presented 4/16/2015

This study evaluated the efficacy of a participatory ergonomics program led by occupational therapists for construction workers, with guidance by a logic model. Program evaluation using a logic model was an effective method that can be applied to a wide range of occupational therapy programs.
Task-Oriented Virtual Reality Gaming to Improve Sensory Control of Balance: A Pilot Study With Children With Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Jirikowic Tracy Lynn
Published: February 2016

Date Presented 4/16/2015

This study involved the pilot of a novel virtual reality gaming intervention designed to improve sensory adaptation for balance control among children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Findings of improved balance and motor performance are discussed along with implications for home-based telerehabilitation.
Neural Correlates of Eating Behavior in Autism: A Pilot Study
Authors: Little Lauren
Published: February 2016

Date Presented 4/16/2015

Unusual eating behavior is highly prevalent in autism spectrum disorder (ASD); it is unclear whether sensory aspects underlie these behaviors. Findings from this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study with adolescents aged 11 to 17 yr with ASD will inform the types of behavioral strategies that may be effective in interventions for eating behavior in ASD.
Enhancing Client Outcomes in Health Reform: The Role of Occupational Therapists in Primary Care
Authors: O’Brien Shirley , Howell Dana , McClellan Emma B.
Published: February 2016

Date Presented 4/16/2015

Perceptions of occupational therapists (OTs) working in primary care settings are presented. Unique services provided, role negotiation, strategies for educating team members on the scope of occupational therapy services, and methods for advocating for OTs’ role in primary care are explored to promote effective client outcomes.
The Teacher–Occupational Therapist Relationship in School-Based Practice: Perspectives of the Teachers
Authors: Majasic John , Benson Jeryl , Szucs Kimberly
Published: February 2016

Date Presented 4/16/2015

The role of the occupational therapist (OT) on the educational team and the teacher–therapist relationship was investigated via a survey. Results indicate that the majority of teachers understand the contributions of the OT as well as value the role of the OT. Results suggest that communication, collaboration, and the OT presence need improvement.
Tracking Rate of Cognitive-Functional Decline in Older Adults With Neurocognitive Disorders
Authors: Schaber Patricia
Published: February 2016

Date Presented 4/16/2015

This study examined the annual rate of cognitive–functional decline measured by Cognitive Performance Test (CPT) scores in 80 subjects with neurocognitive disorders. Results indicate significance in the rate of decline of the total group (0.12 CPT) but little differentiation on the basis of etiology or severity of cognitive involvement.
Group Leader Self-Assessment (GLSA): Establishing Validity
Authors: Keegan Lindsay , Mele-Algus Gabrielle , Goldner Hannah , Barnes Mary , Bishop Victoria , Sexton Christina
Published: February 2016

Date Presented 4/17/2015

The results of this descriptive research support the current structure and viability of the Group Leader Self-Assessment (GLSA) as an outcome measure for group leader training in occupational therapy education.
Experience of Parkinson’s Disease Symptoms During Daily Life Activities
Authors: Tickle-Degnen Linda , Lur Shih-yu , Pickett Jessica
Published: February 2016

Date Presented 4/17/2015

People living with Parkinson’s disease experience specific links between activities and symptoms, such as motor control impairment during basic activities of daily life (ADL) and fatigue during instrumental ADL. There is a need for assessments and interventions that target these specific links.
Rural School Occupational Therapists in Response to Intervention (RtI): Doing More With Less?
Authors: McGuire Beatriz , Cahill Susan M. , Krumdick Nathaniel , Lee Michelle M.
Published: February 2016

Date Presented 4/17/2015

This study describes perceived levels of involvement in school-based, response to intervention (RtI) initiatives as reported by occupational therapy practitioners from different types of communities. In addition, it identifies differences among practice patterns of rural practitioners compared with those from different communities.
Motor Development Characteristics of Young Children Exposed to Maltreatment
Authors: Salamat Arezou , Huecker Esther , Javaherian-Dysinger Heather , Doucette Allison , Graves Cady , O’Tool Heather , Moss Leta , Reyes Stefanie
Published: February 2016

Date Presented 4/17/2015

This retrospective study explored the motor development of 15 children younger than age 5 yr who had been exposed to maltreatment. Results from the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales–Second Edition (PDMS–2). Results indicated 93% (n = 14) improvement in the area of grasping and 80% (n = 12) improvement in visual–motor integration after occupational therapy intervention.
Repetition-Based Training for Efficient Propulsion in New Manual Wheelchair Users
Authors: Will Kristin , Engsberg Jack , Foreman Matthew , Klaesner Joseph , Birkenmeier Rebecca , Morgan Kerri
Published: February 2016

Date Presented 4/17/2015

Five new manual wheelchair users with spinal cord injury participated in a nine-session manual wheelchair training program that aimed to produce changes in propulsion biomechanics through task-based repetitions. All participants had improvements in propulsion biomechanics.
Creating Consistent Communication in Level II Fieldwork: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Henderson Haley , LeQuieu Elizabeth
Published: February 2016

Date Presented 4/17/2015

Level II fieldwork is an integral part of occupational therapy education. Communication during Level II fieldwork is not only included in the educational standards but is necessary for the student, educator, and academic fieldwork coordinator (AFWC). A weekly tool was evaluated from all three views to determine efficiency and effectiveness.
Occupation-Based Intervention for Addictive Disorders: A Systematic Review
Authors: Pritchard Kevin , Kaneshiro Kellie , Wasmuth Sally
Published: February 2016

Date Presented 4/17/2015

This systematic review examined whether occupation-based interventions are more effective than standard interventions in improving recovery outcomes in persons with addiction(s). Occupation-based interventions are contrasted from more didactic therapeutic approaches.
Current Practices in Job Matching for Individuals With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Case-Smith Jane , Cleary Dennis , Persch Andrew
Published: February 2016

Date Presented 4/17/2015

Job matching is the collaborative, data-based, decision-making process used by transition teams to determine the best fit between an individual’s abilities and preferences and the job’s environmental and occupational demands. Results support use of consistent, data-driven, person-centered processes.
Validity of a New Tool for Assessing the Discrepancy Between Observed and Self-Reported Quality of Activities of Daily Living (ADL) Task Performance
Authors: Fisher Anne G. , Kottorp Anders , Griswold Lou Ann
Published: February 2016

Date Presented 4/17/2015

This study presents validity and reliability evidence for the Assessment of Compared Qualities—Occupational Performance (ACQ–OP), an innovative occupation-focused tool designed to measure the extent of the discrepancy between two perspectives: a person’s self-report and direct observation.
The Underutilization of Cancer Rehabilitation for Older Adults
Authors: Pergolotti Mackenzi , Deal Allison , Reeve Bryce , Muss Hyman
Published: February 2016

Date Presented 4/17/2015

Older adults are at risk of functional decline after a diagnosis of cancer, yet little is known about the association of those deficits and the subsequent use of cancer rehabilitation. This study provides the needed evidence to move toward the increased use of our services for this population.
Chemical Taste Sensitivity, Food Preferences, and Feeding Behaviors in Children With Barth Syndrome
Authors: Reynolds Stacey , Kreider Consuelo M. , Bendixen Roxanna M.
Published: February 2016

Date Presented 4/17/2015

Unique methods were used to assess chemical taste sensitivity, food preferences, and food behaviors in children with Barth syndrome. Results show that food behaviors in Barth syndrome are due to differences in chemical taste perception, not texture sensitivity. Chemical taste tests are low cost and can be used clinically.
Disability and Victimization Among Youth in the Child Welfare System: Implications for Community Participation
Authors: Shiu Cheng-Shi , Msall Michael , Berg Kristin , Acharya Kruti
Published: February 2016

Date Presented 4/17/2015

Disability status places youth at risk of not only repeated victimization but also isolation from community life. Evaluating and addressing violence in the lives of youth with disabilities (YWD) can enhance our profession’s ability to address barriers to participation and to maximize independent living outcomes of clients.
The Reliability of a Virtual Computer Game as a Diagnostic Measure for Typically Developing Children
Authors: Engel-Yeger Batya , Weiss (Tamar) Patrice L. , Tresser Sarit , Michal Elboim Gabyzon
Published: February 2016

Date Presented 4/17/2015

A virtual reality (VR) platform (Timocco) was found to be a reliable, valid, and enjoyable diagnostic tool in children aged 4 to 8 yr with typical motor development. The results may indicate that the VR platform can be used by clinicians as an assessment tool driven by evidence-based practice.
Program Evaluation Regarding Domestic Versus International Service Learning Experience
Authors: Wolfe Corinne , Oberle Lynne , Myers Megan , Haskell Andrea , Blakely Allison
Published: February 2016

Date Presented 4/17/2015

Fieldwork experience is one of the most important components of occupational therapy students’ education. In this study, we used a quasi-experimental design in which students completed a survey measuring their cultural competency and cultural awareness domestically and internationally.
A Longitudinal Study of Occupational Therapy Students’ Beliefs About Knowledge and Knowing
Authors: Mitchell Anita
Published: February 2016

Date Presented 4/17/2015

Epistemic and ontological cognition (EOC) affect learning and achievement and are important for educators to understand. This longitudinal study found that students demonstrated significantly weaker beliefs in justification of knowledge by authority by the end of the didactic portion of the program.
Use of Goal Attainment Scaling to Measure Outcomes of Sensory Integration With Preschool-Age Children
Authors: Matthews Kathleen , Doolittle Julia , Schultz-Krohn Winifred
Published: February 2016

Date Presented 4/17/2015

Goal attainment scaling (GAS) was used to identify functional changes following sensory integration therapy (SIT) for 5 preschool-age children seen for occupational therapy in northern California. Results indicate positive outcomes of SIT when measured with GAS for preschool-age children.
Perceived Neighborhood Fall Risks and Strategies Used to Prevent Outdoor Falls: Does Age Matter?
Authors: Chippendale Tracy , Boltz Marie
Published: February 2016

Date Presented 4/18/2015

In this mixed-methods study, we compare perceived falls risks and strategies used for outdoor fall prevention among seniors above and below 75 yr of age. The results can help occupational therapists (OTs) design targeted fall-prevention programs. Two professional priority areas are addressed: health and wellness as well as productive aging.
Project CAREER: Interprofessional Support to Transition College Students With Traumatic Brain Injuries to Employment
Authors: Jacobs Karen , Rumrill Philip , Hendricks Deborah , Elias Eileen , Leopold Anne , Sampson Elaine , Auth Elizabeth , Stauffer Callista
Published: February 2016

Date Presented 4/18/2015

Project CAREER is a 5-yr interprofessional development project funded by the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research (NIDRR). It is designed to improve the employment success of undergraduate students with traumatic brain injury (TBI) through the use of cognitive support technologies (CSTs; e.g., iPads®).
Addressing Treatment Fear and Worry Among Head and Neck Cancer Patients
Authors: Renter David , Renter Heather
Published: February 2016

Date Presented 4/18/2015

Head and neck cancer patients (N = 41) completed in-depth interviews regarding fear and worry about treatment. Changes in appearance, resources, or relationships as well as pain, suffering, and exacerbation of other health concerns were cited as the most feared or worrisome aspects of treatment.
The Effect of the Electronic Auditory Stimulation Effect Application (EASe app) With Individuals 11 to 27 Years of Age With Sensory Processing Deficits
Authors: Burch Elizabeth , Allison Jennifer , Cook David L. , Wolkow Nicole , Stockton Jessica , Espino Ilse , Alvarado M. Irma
Published: February 2016

Date Presented 4/18/2015

The Electronic Auditory Stimulation effect application (EASe app) is an auditory intervention aimed at improving habituation to sound. Evidence regarding changes in habituation after the EASe trial among adolescents and adults with auditory deficits is presented. These findings are compared with past research and warrant further investigation.
The Effect of a Community-Based Program on the Development of At-Risk Preschoolers
Authors: Coffin Dale A. , Gropack Stacy Jaffee , Ronan-Grosshtern Mickey , Supawadee Lee
Published: February 2016

Date Presented 4/18/2015

The Developmental Enhancement, Monitoring, and Screening (DEMS) program is an initiative that offers comprehensive services to at-risk families in the Brooklyn community by providing developmental enhancement activities to young children and educational training to their parents.
Dementia and Occupational Therapy: A Practitioner Survey
Authors: Trudeau Scott , Gately Megan
Published: February 2016

Date Presented 4/18/2015

Occupational therapy practice for clients with advanced dementia is currently not well defined. Results from a practitioner survey include interventions (type, perceived effectiveness, and priorities) and perceived barriers to practice, which begin to describe the role of occupational therapy with a growing population.
Developmental and Sensory Pattern Subtypes of Children With an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Authors: Little Lauren , Dunn Winnie , Tomchek Scott , Wilson Lauren
Published: February 2016

Date Presented 4/16/2015

This study describes subtypes/profiles of children on the basis of sensory processing patterns and child characteristics in a large sample of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD; n = 400) between ages 3 and 6 yr. Implications for practice are discussed.
Improving Quality of Life and Emotional Well-Being for Caregivers of Adults With Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Fraser Robert , Brockway JoAnn , Temkin Nancy , Bell Kathleen , Powell Janet
Published: February 2016

Date Presented 4/16/2015

An innovative approach to improving the health and wellness of caregivers of survivors of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is described, including the role that occupational therapists could play in better meeting the needs of this underserved population.
Living With Psychosis
Authors: Parsonage Jackie , Bryant Wendy
Published: February 2016

Date Presented 4/16/2015

This participatory action research aimed to find out what helps people in everyday life, from the perspective of those with experience of psychosis. The findings are presented along with the collaborative process that creatively overcame barriers between consumers and professionals.
The Specific Test of Early Infant Motor Performance (STEP): A Short, Novel Infant Motor Test at 12 Weeks That Correlates With Bayley Motor Scores at 12 Months
Authors: Ramakrishnan Viswanathan , Brown Truman , Mulvihill Denise , Furman Raegan , Engel Jennie , Coker-Bolt Patty , Simermeyer Jessica , Jenkins Dorothea , Jesewitz Brittany , Stearns Faith , Wilson Stephanie , Hope Kathryn
Published: February 2016

Date Presented 4/17/2015

This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Specific Test of Early infant motor Performance (STEP) against current validated infant motor assessments. Although this is just a preliminary analysis, the strength of the associations is encouraging and provides proof of concept for future validity studies.
Validity of a New Tool for Assessing the Discrepancy Between Observed and Self-Reported Quality of Social Interaction
Authors: Griswold Lou Ann , Kottorp Anders , Fisher Anne G.
Published: February 2016

Date Presented 4/17/2015

In this study, we present preliminary validity and reliability evidence for the Assessment of Compared Qualities—Social Interaction (ACQ–SI), which is an innovative, occupation-focused tool designed to measure the extent of the discrepancy between two perspectives: a person’s self-report and direct observation.
Development and Rasch Analysis of a New Hierarchy for Scoring Poststroke Hand Function on the Motor Assessment Scale (MAS)
Authors: Woodbury Michelle L. , Velozo Craig , Sabari Joyce
Published: February 2016

Date Presented 4/17/2015

In this study, we present the background, methods, and findings that led to a new scoring hierarchy for assessing hand function in stroke survivors within the context of an existing tool, the Motor Assessment Scale (MAS).
Play Assessment and Instrument Development: How to Develop a Reliable and Valid Self-Report Measure
Authors: Vigen Cheryl , McDonald Ann E.
Published: February 2016

Date Presented 4/18/2015

Instrument development procedures were used to construct a reliable and valid self-report measure of play in middle childhood. The results increase the understanding of the occupation of play in its many forms and functions.
Psychometric Evaluation of the Young Children’s Participation and Environment Measure (YC–PEM)
Authors: Khetani Mary
Published: February 2016

Date Presented 4/18/2015

The Young Children’s Participation and Environment Measure (YC–PEM) is a newly validated proxy questionnaire designed to help occupational therapy researchers build comprehensive and detailed knowledge about young children’s participation and environmental supports and barriers to participation.
A Demonstration of Developing a Continuum of Care Assessment for an Individual Poststroke Using a National Database
Authors: Velozo Craig , Li Chih-Ying
Published: February 2016

Date Presented 4/18/2015

In this study, we extracted and linked two activities of daily living (ADL) scales from a national database: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We challenge the notion that measurement across the continuum of health care can only be accomplished by all health care facilities using the same instrument.
Innovative Power Wheelchair Control Interface: A Proof-of-Concept Study
Authors: Winkler Sandra L. , Romero Sergio , Prather Emily , Ramroop Marisa , Slaibe Emmy , Christensen Matthew
Published: February 2016

Some people without independent mobility are candidates for powered mobility but are unable to use a traditional power wheelchair joystick. This proof-of-concept study tested and further developed an innovative method of driving power wheelchairs for people whose impairments prevent them from operating commercial wheelchair controls. Our concept, Self-referenced Personal Orthotic Omni-purpose Control Interface (SPOOCI), is distinguished by referencing the control sensor not to the wheelchair frame but instead to the adjacent proximal lower-extremity segment via a custom-formed orthosis. Using a descriptive case-series design, we compared the pre–post functional power wheelchair driving skill data of 4 participants, measured by the Power Mobility Program, using descriptive analyses. The intervention consisted of standard-care power wheelchair training during 12 outpatient occupational or physical therapy sessions. All 4 participants who completed the 12-wk intervention improved their functional power wheelchair driving skills using SPOOCI, but only 3 were deemed safe to continue with power wheelchair driving.
Remote sensing of soot carbon – Part 1: Distinguishing different absorbing aerosol species
Authors: Schuster G. L. , Dubovik O. , Arola A.
Published: February 2016

Abstract. We describe a method of using the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) size distributions and complex refractive indices to retrieve the relative proportion of carbonaceous aerosols and free iron minerals (hematite and goethite). We assume that soot carbon has a spectrally flat refractive index and enhanced imaginary indices at the 440 nm wavelength are caused by brown carbon or hematite. Carbonaceous aerosols can be separated from dust in imaginary refractive index space because 95 % of biomass burning aerosols have imaginary indices greater than 0.0042 at the 675–1020 nm wavelengths, and 95 % of dust has imaginary refractive indices of less than 0.0042 at those wavelengths. However, mixtures of these two types of particles can not be unambiguously partitioned on the basis of optical properties alone, so we also separate these particles by size. Regional and seasonal results are consistent with expectations. Monthly climatologies of fine mode soot carbon are less than 1.0 % by volume for West Africa and the Middle East, but the southern African and South American biomass burning sites have peak values of 3.0 and 1.7 %. Monthly averaged fine mode brown carbon volume fractions have a peak value of 5.8 % for West Africa, 2.1 % for the Middle East, 3.7 % for southern Africa, and 5.7 % for South America. Monthly climatologies of free iron volume fractions show little seasonal variability, and range from about 1.1 to 1.7 % for coarse mode aerosols in all four study regions. Finally, our sensitivity study indicates that the soot carbon retrieval is not sensitive to the component refractive indices or densities assumed for carbonaceous and free iron aerosols, and the retrieval differs by only 15.4 % when these parameters are altered from our chosen baseline values. The total uncertainty of retrieving soot carbon mass is  ∼ 50 % (when uncertainty in the AERONET product and mixing state is included in the analysis).
Remote sensing of soot carbon – Part 2: Understanding the absorption Ångström exponent
Authors: Schuster G. L. , Dubovik O. , Arola A. , Eck T. F. , Holben B. N.
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Recently, some authors have suggested that the absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) can be used to deduce the component aerosol absorption optical depths (AAODs) of carbonaceous aerosols in the AERONET database. This AAE approach presumes that AAE ≪ 1 for soot carbon, which contrasts the traditional small particle limit of AAE = 1 for soot carbon. Thus, we provide an overview of the AERONET retrieval, and we investigate how the microphysics of carbonaceous aerosols can be interpreted in the AERONET AAE product. We find that AAE ≪ 1 in the AERONET database requires large coarse mode fractions and/or imaginary refractive indices that increase with wavelength. Neither of these characteristics are consistent with the current definition of soot carbon, so we explore other possibilities for the cause of AAE ≪ 1. AAE is related to particle size, and coarse mode particles have a smaller AAE than fine mode particles for a given aerosol mixture of species. We also note that the mineral goethite has an imaginary refractive index that increases with wavelength, is very common in dust regions, and can easily contribute to AAE ≪ 1. We find that AAE ≪ 1 can not be caused by soot carbon, unless soot carbon has an imaginary refractive index that increases with wavelength throughout the visible and near-infrared spectrums. Finally, AAE is not a robust parameter for separating carbonaceous absorption from dust aerosol absorption in the AERONET database.
Methanol and Isoprene Emissions from the Fast Growing Tropical Pioneer Species Vismia guianensis (Aubl.) Pers. (Hypericaceae) in the central Amazon Forest
Authors: Jardine Kolby J. , Jardine Angela B. , Souza Vinicius F. , Carneiro Vilany , Ceron Joao V. , Gimenez Bruno O. , Soares Cilene P. , Durgante Flavia M. , Higuchi Niro , Manzi Antonio O. , Gonçalves José F. C. , Garcia Sabrina , Martin Scot T. , Zorzanelli Raquel F. , Piva Luani R. , Chambers Jeff Q.
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Isoprene (Is) emissions by plants represent a loss of carbon and energy resources leading to the initial hypothesis that fast growing pioneer species in secondary tropical forests allocate carbon primarily to growth at the expense of isoprenoid defenses. In this study, we quantified leaf isoprene and methanol emissions from the abundant pantropical pioneer tree species Vismia guianensis and ambient isoprene concentrations above a diverse secondary forest in the central Amazon. As photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was varied (0 to 3,000 µmol m−2 s−1) under standard leaf temperature (30 °C), isoprene emissions from V. guianensis increased without saturation up to 80 nmol m−2 s−1. A non-linear increase in isoprene emissions with respect to net photosynthesis (Pn) resulted with the fraction of Pn dedicated to isoprene emissions increasing with light intensity (up to 2 % of Pn). Emission responses to temperature under standard light conditions (PAR of 1,000 µmol m−2 s−1) resulted in the classic uncoupling of isoprene emissions (Topt,iso > 40 ºC) from net photosynthesis (Topt, Pn = 30.0–32.5 °C) with up to 7 % of Pn emitted as isoprene at 40 °C. Under standard environmental conditions of PAR and leaf temperature, young V. guianensis leaves showed high methanol emissions, low Pn, and low isoprene emissions. In contrast, mature leaves showed high Pn, high isoprene emissions, and low methanol emissions, highlighting the differential control of leaf phenology over methanol and isoprene emissions. High daytime ambient isoprene concentrations (11 ppbv) were observed above a secondary Amazon rainforest suggesting that isoprene emissions are common among neotropical pioneer species. The results are not consistent with the initial hypothesis and support a functional role of methanol during leaf expansion and the establishment of photosynthetic machinery, and a protective role of isoprene for photosynthesis during high temperature extremes regularly experienced in secondary rainforest ecosystems.
A broadband cavity enhanced absorption spectrometer for aircraft measurements of glyoxal, methylglyoxal, nitrous acid, nitrogen dioxide, and water vapor
Authors: Min K.-E. , Washenfelder R. A. , Dubé W. P. , Langford A. O. , Edwards P. M. , Zarzana K. J. , Stutz J. , Lu K. , Rohrer F. , Zhang Y. , Brown S. S.
Published: February 2016

Abstract. We describe a two-channel broadband cavity enhanced absorption spectrometer (BBCEAS) for aircraft measurements of glyoxal (CHOCHO), methylglyoxal (CH3COCHO), nitrous acid (HONO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and water (H2O). The instrument spans 361–389 and 438–468 nm, using two light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and a single grating spectrometer with a charge-coupled device (CCD) detector. Robust performance is achieved using a custom optical mounting system, high-power LEDs with electronic on/off modulation, high-reflectivity cavity mirrors, and materials that minimize analyte surface losses. We have successfully deployed this instrument during two aircraft and two ground-based field campaigns to date. The demonstrated precision (2σ) for retrievals of CHOCHO, HONO and NO2 are 34, 350, and 80 parts per trillion (pptv) in 5 s. The accuracy is 5.8, 9.0, and 5.0 %, limited mainly by the available absorption cross sections.
Coupling carbon allocation with leaf and root phenology predicts tree–grass partitioning along a savanna rainfall gradient
Authors: Haverd V. , Smith B. , Raupach M. , Briggs P. , Nieradzik L. , Beringer J. , Hutley L. , Trudinger C. M. , Cleverly J.
Published: February 2016

Abstract. The relative complexity of the mechanisms underlying savanna ecosystem dynamics, in comparison to other biomes such as temperate and tropical forests, challenges the representation of such dynamics in ecosystem and Earth system models. A realistic representation of processes governing carbon allocation and phenology for the two defining elements of savanna vegetation (namely trees and grasses) may be a key to understanding variations in tree–grass partitioning in time and space across the savanna biome worldwide. Here we present a new approach for modelling coupled phenology and carbon allocation, applied to competing tree and grass plant functional types. The approach accounts for a temporal shift between assimilation and growth, mediated by a labile carbohydrate store. This is combined with a method to maximize long-term net primary production (NPP) by optimally partitioning plant growth between fine roots and (leaves + stem). The computational efficiency of the analytic method used here allows it to be uniquely and readily applied at regional scale, as required, for example, within the framework of a global biogeochemical model.We demonstrate the approach by encoding it in a new simple carbon–water cycle model that we call HAVANA (Hydrology and Vegetation-dynamics Algorithm for Northern Australia), coupled to the existing POP (Population Orders Physiology) model for tree demography and disturbance-mediated heterogeneity. HAVANA-POP is calibrated using monthly remotely sensed fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (fPAR) and eddy-covariance-based estimates of carbon and water fluxes at five tower sites along the North Australian Tropical Transect (NATT), which is characterized by large gradients in rainfall and wildfire disturbance. The calibrated model replicates observed gradients of fPAR, tree leaf area index, basal area, and foliage projective cover along the NATT. The model behaviour emerges from complex feedbacks between the plant physiology and vegetation dynamics, mediated by shifting above- versus below-ground resources, and not from imposed hypotheses about the controls on tree–grass co-existence. Results support the hypothesis that resource limitation is a stronger determinant of tree cover than disturbance in Australian savannas.