bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving measures of context in process evaluations: Development and use of the Context Tracker tool
Authors: Busza Joanna , Machingura Fortunate , Vuckovic Cedomir
Published: August 2024

Background
Process evaluations are increasingly integrated into randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of complex interventions to document their delivery and interactions with local systems and dynamics, helping understand observed health outcomes. Yet process evaluations often struggle to assess relevant contextual determinants, leaving much of the important role of “context” in shaping an intervention’s mechanisms opaque in many studies. A lack of easily adapted data collection methods to help define and operationalise indicators of context likely contributes to this.
Methods
We present a method to help structure measures of context in process evaluations and describe its use in two very different settings. The “Context Tracker” is an innovative tool for use within trials and quasi-experiments to more systematically capture and understand key dimensions of context. It was developed in Zimbabwe as part of a cluster randomized controlled trial and then adapted for a quasi-experimental evaluation in the UK. Both studies provided harm reduction and health services for marginalised and hard-to-reach populations.
Results
We developed the Context Tracker to be both standardized (i.e. formatted and applied in the same way across study sites) and flexible enough to allow unique features to be explored in greater detail. Drawing on the Context and Implementation of Complex Interventions (CICI) and Risk Environments frameworks, we mapped 5 domains across micro, meso and macro levels in a simple table, and used existing evidence and experience to predict factors likely to affect delivery of and participation in intervention components. We tracked these over time across study sites using routine programme statistics, observation, and qualitative methods. The Context Tracker enables identification and comparison of facilitators and barriers to implementation, variations in engagement with interventions, and how mechanisms of action are (or are not) triggered in different settings.
Conclusions
The Context Tracker is one example of how evidence-based contextual determinants can be used to guide data collection and analysis within process evaluations. It is relevant in low- and high-income settings, and applicable to both qualitative and quantitative analyses. While perhaps most useful to process evaluations of complex interventions targeting marginalized communities, the broader approach would benefit a more general research audience.
Dry Matter Intake, Digestibility and Milk Production of Toggenburg Dairy Goats Fed on Napier Grass (Pennisetum Purpureum) Basal Diet Supplemented With a Concentrate in Kenya
Authors: kiura joseph Ndwiga , Ondiek James Ombiro , Migwi Perminus Kirubiu , Guliye Abdi Yakub
Published: August 2024

Dairy goats are an important source of nutritious milk. The main basal feeds for dairy goats in Kenya are Napier grass and crop residues that are low in nutrients, and therefore they need energy and protein supplementation to enhance milk production. Dairy meal is the main protein and energy supplement for dairy animals. Relevant information on the appropriate amount of dairy meal to supplement the basal diet to feed dairy goats, the daily total dry matter intake and milk production upon supplementation is scarce in Kenya. Therefore, a concentrate with a crude protein content of 160 gkg-1 DM and metabolizable energy content of 10 MJkg-1 DM was constituted to represent the dairy meal, and fed to lactating Toggenburg dairy goats on Napier grass basal diet, at supplementation levels of 0, 150, 300 and 450 g/goat day-1 in a 4 x 4 Latin square design. The basal and total dry matter intake by the goats were 0.86-0.99 and 0.99-1.31 kg DM/goat day-1, respectively, with a milk production of 306.8-476.9 mL/goat day-1. The dry matter and organic matter digestibility of the diets were 767-786 and 792-804 gkg-1 DM, respectively. It was concluded that farmers feed the energy and protein concentrate at 300 g/goat day-1, as it resulted in the highest daily milk production.
Comorbidity mechanisms of atherosclerosis and hashimoto's thyroiditis: A multiscale gene expression analysis based on microarray and single-cell sequencing
Authors: Ma Yirong , Wu Shuguang , Lai Junyu , Wan Qiang , Hu Jingxuan , Liu Yanhong , Zhou Ziyi , Wu Jianguang
Published: August 2024

Background: Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic vascular disease characterized by inflammation of the arterial wall and the formation of cholesterol plaques. Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is an autoimmune disorder marked by chronic inflammation and destruction of thyroid tissue. Although previous studies have identified common risk factors between AS and HT, the specific etiology and pathogenic mechanisms underlying these associations remain unclear.
Method: We obtained relevant datasets for AS and HT from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). By employing the Limma package, we pinpointed common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and discerned co-expression modules linked to AS and HT via Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA). We elucidated gene functions and regulatory networks across various biological scenarios through enrichment and pathway analysis using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Core genes were identified using Cytoscape software and further validated with external datasets. We also conducted immune infiltration analysis on these core genes utilizing the CIBERSORT method. Single-cell analysis was instrumental in uncovering common diagnostic markers. Lastly, we predicted potential drugs targeting these core genes using the DGIdb database.
Results: Based on differential analysis and WGCNA, we identified 119 candidate genes within the cohorts for AS and HT. KEGG and GO enrichment analyses indicate that these genes are significantly involved in antigen processing and presentation, along with various immune-inflammatory pathways. Two pivotal genes, PTPRC and TYROBP, were identified using five algorithms from the cytoHubba plugin. Validation through external datasets confirmed their substantial diagnostic value for AS and HT. Moreover, the results of Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) indicated that these core genes are significantly enriched in various receptor interactions and signaling pathways. Immune infiltration analysis revealed a strong association of lymphocytes and macrophages with the pathogenesis of AS and HT. Single-cell analysis demonstrated predominant expression of the core genes in macrophages, monocytes, T cells, and CMP.
Conclusion: This study proposes that an aberrant immune response might represent a shared pathogenic mechanism in AS and HT. The genes PTPRC and TYROBP are identified as critical potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for these comorbid conditions. Furthermore, the core genes and their interactions with immune cells could serve as promising targets for future diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Discovery of novel FtsZ inhibitors with antimicrobial activity by virtual screening and in vitro biological evaluation
Authors: Luo Aoqi , Qian Chenliang , Zhang Zhengyu , Xia Jie , Jin Hongwei , Si Xinxin , Ma Shaojie
Published: August 2024

Filamentous temperature-sensitive protein Z (FtsZ) plays an important role in bacterial division, and the inhibition of normal physiological function of FtsZ can make a devastating effect on bacterial growth and proliferation, which making it an important antibacterial target. The inhibitor activity targeting the cleft between the H7 helix and the C-terminal substructural domain exhibited superior binding compared to the GTP binding site. Therefore, the discovery of inhibitors targeting the cleft as a binding site holds promise for further research. By performing virtual screening with the workflow mainly composed of pharmacophore modeling and molecular docking as well as the following FtsZ inhibition assay, we identified four compounds B6, B21, B26 and B31. Futher experiment showed that compound B6 and B26 possessed antimicrobial activity with MIC values of 8 µg-mL-1 and 32 µg-mL-1. In conclusion, our study successfully identified novel FtsZ inhibitors with antimicrobial activity through virtual screening and in vitro biological evaluation, demonstrating their potential for further investigation.
Analysis of the influence of line type on the aerodynamic characteristics of high-speed trains in strong wind and sand environments
Authors: FU FU CAI-hui , DU DU Li-ming
Published: August 2024

Strong wind and sand environments are critical factors affecting high-speed trains' operation. In this paper, the -vortex analysis technique is employed to comparatively analyze the pressure and velocity distribution characteristics of the train surface when the train traveling at a speed of 250km per hour traverses a flat line, a 5m high embankment, and a 3m deep graben in a strong wind and sand environment. Additionally, the study examines the wake turbulence intensity and vortex structural characteristics of the tail car, and the aerodynamic power distribution and sand erosion situation. The results indicate that the change in line type significantly affects the sand flow characteristics around the train, which in turn affects the surface pressure field of the train. When running on the embankment and rift valley lines, more airflow vortices are generated on the leeward side of the train. The foot of the slope also produces a broken vortex structure with high vorticity and strong vortices, which significantly impacts the flow field around the train. In the flat line, the train is subjected to relatively uniform wind and sand impact, but the aerodynamic fluctuations are small; road riffle and embankment, especially on the embankment of the airflow complexity and variability, the flow field structure is the most complex, the aerodynamic characteristics of the train show prominent non-stationary characteristics, the train leeward side of the negative pressure area is also the largest, the transverse force is 45% larger than that in the flat line. In contrast, in the train in the riffle line operation, the headway resistance is significantly reduced. The tail vehicle resistance is the largest, and the drag force suffered is increased, 2.83 times and 0.2 times larger than that on the embankment and flat straight line, respectively.
Exploration of the Mechanism of Fritillaria Taibaiensis in stopping cough, eliminating phlegm and relieving asthma Based on Network Pharmacology,Molecular Simulation and animal experiments
Authors: Zhang Jian-hai , Mao Yong-po , Hu Shu-yun , Wu Ai-yun , Shi Jia , Feng Bin-bin
Published: August 2024

Background
Using network pharmacology and molecular docking methods, this study explores the mechanism of action of Fritillaria Taibaiensis (Taibai Beimu, TB) in relieving cough, asthma, and phlegm, and preliminarily verifies the relevant pathways through animal experiments.
Methods
Using traditional Chinese medicine database to screen the main components and targets, and obtaining disease targets through disease database, and repeated targets were summarized and deleted before being imported into Cytoscape software to construct a network; Using database to analyze protein-protein interactions of intersecting targets and obtain core targets. Perform enrichment analysis on intersecting targets and construct a "drug component target pathway disease" network; Simultaneously, Maestro software was used for molecular docking to verify the binding ability of the active ingredient to the core target. Animal experiments were conducted to analyze and verify the cough stopping, asthma relieving, and expectorant effects of TB; Western blot verification of its effect on the expression level of target proteins.
Results
9 active ingredients and 152 targets were screened, and KEGG pathway enrichment predicted that drugs mainly exert their effects through signaling pathways such as NF-κB, HIF1, and FoxO. Molecular docking showed that 93.3% of the binding activity was less than − 5kcal/mol, indicating good docking affinity. The low-dose of TB significantly reduced the number of coughs in mice within 3 minutes, while the high-dose group showed a significant extension in the latent period of wheezing. The excretion of phenol red in the trachea was significantly increased in the high-dose group. Compared with the normal group, the protein expression levels of TLR4, NF-κB, and MyD88 in the model group were significantly increased (P < 0.001, P < 0.01); compared with the model group, the protein expression levels of TLR4, NF-κB, and MyD88 in the high-dose TB group were significantly decreased (P < 0.01, P < 0.05); compared with the pentosidine group, there were no significant differences among the treatment groups.
Conclusions
Through experimental verification and network pharmacology analysis, it can be found that TB inhibits the inflammatory response in mice, and its mechanism of action may be related to the inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway activation.
Ground Testing and Calibration of Focal Plane Detector Flight Model on Board the First Pathfinder of CATCH
Authors: Li Panping , Wen Xiangyang , Li Zhengwei , Gao Min , Yin Qian-Qing , Tao Lian , Zhao Kang , Zhao Qingchang , Wang Yusa , Zhao Zijian , Meng Bin , Zhao Shujie , Huang Yiming , Xiao Jingyu , Zhang Yifan , Yang Sheng , Chen Wen , Zhou Heng , Yang Yong , He Huilin , Ma Ruican , Yang Shuai , Huang Guoli , Li YaJun , Cao Jiewei , Hou Shu-Jin , Liu Xiaojing , Wang Jinzhou , Sun Liang , Zhang Shuang-Nan , Xiong Shaolin , Ma Xiang , Huang Yue , Song Liming
Published: August 2024

CATCH -1, as the first satellite of Chasing All Transients Constellation Hunters (CATCH ) space mission, was successfully launched into its expected orbit on June 22, 2024. The flight model underwent environmental tests before launch, including thermal cycling, thermal vacuum, and mechanical evaluations. The CATCH -1 detector system is equipped with a 4-pixel Silicon Drift Detector (SDD) array. To ensure the reliability and redundancy of the CATCH -1 detector system, two sets of data acquisition systems were independently designed and cal-ibrated. Our focus is on presenting the ground calibration results of CATCH -1, which demonstrate a strong linear correlation between energy and channel. The main data acquisition system achieves an energy resolution of ∼ 120 eV@4 keV, while the backup data acquisition system has a slightly lower energy resolution of around 150 eV@4 keV, both meeting the design requirement of ≤ 160 eV@4 keV. Additionally, the time resolution is 4 µs, complying with the design requirement of ≤ 10 µs. The calibration database now includes the ground calibration results of CATCH -1, establishing a dependable basis for future data analysis. The development experience, calibration, and test results of this detector system will also provide a solid foundation for subsequent tasks such as CATCH -2.
Restoring Intricate Miao Embroidery Patterns: A GAN-Based U-Net with Spatial-Channel Attention
Authors: Zhong Cheng , Yu Xiaomin , Xia Huan , Xie Rongdong , Xu Qingyi
Published: August 2024

Traditional Miao embroidery features intricate pattern structures. The hand embroidery restoration techniques are extremely labor-intensive and time-consuming. In order to improve the efficiency of embroidery image restoration, this paper develops a framework for Miao embroidery pattern image restoration. The framework combines generative adversarial network with U-Net. The U-Net incorporates gated convolutions and spatial-channel attention mechanisms to enhance the model's ability to learn and reconstruct the intricate textures and structures of the embroidery. The proposed algorithm is compared with the current mainstream algorithms using PSNR, SSIM, and LPIPS metrics. The results show that this algorithm performs better than other methods in Miao embroidery restoration. The source code and datasets used in this study are available at Zenodo (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.12759273).
Investigation of the Effect of Waterpik Use on the Surface Properties of Porcelain and Zirconium Materials
Authors: yanıkoğlu nuran , kaya nihan , topdağı başak , kürüm muhammet
Published: August 2024

Statement of Problem The surface properties of materials affect many parameters, including aesthetic, mechanical, and physical properties. Oral hygiene practices are among the factors that change surface properties over time.
Purpose. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Waterpik usage at two different pressure levels on the surface roughness and surface hardness of two different materials frequently chosen in current prosthetic restorations.
Materials and Methods The study used two types of materials: monolithic zirconium and feldspathic porcelain with a metal cr-co substructure. The materials were shaped into rectangular prisms with dimensions of 10x10x2 mm. It was calculated using the G* power program that 10 samples from each material were needed for both 5 Psi and 10 Psi pressure values. The roughness (Ra) and hardness (Hv) values of the material surfaces were recorded after Waterpik applications. Kurtosis and skewness tests were conducted to examine the normal distribution of continuous variables. The ANOVA test was used to compare surface roughness and hardness values between groups when the normal distribution condition was met, and the Kruskal Wallis test was used when it was not. Post-hoc tests were performed using Levene's for independent groups and paired t-test for dependent groups after the ANOVA test. The level of statistical significance was set at P <0.05.
Results Both feldspathic porcelain and monolithic zirconium materials showed a significant increase in surface roughness values for both 5 Psi and 10 Psi pressure values (P<0.05). When surface hardness properties were examined, a significant decrease was observed in both feldspathic porcelain and monolithic zirconium samples at both 5 Psi and 10 Psi pressure values (P<0.05).
Conclusion Feldspathic porcelain and monolithic zirconium restorations produced under appropriate conditions do not have their clinical success affected by the change in surface properties observed when cleaned daily with a Waterpik under 5 Psi and 10 Psi pressure.
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS The changes observed in the surface properties of feldspathic porcelain and monolithic zirconium restorations, which have been manufactured under appropriate conditions and cleaned daily with an oral irrigator at 5 Psi and 10 Psi pressure, do not affect the clinical success of the material.
Multivariate, Multi-omic Analysis in 799,429 Individuals Identifies 134 Loci Associated with Somatoform Traits
Authors: Davis Christal , Toikumo Sylvanus , Hatoum Alexander , Khan Yousef , Pham Benjamin , Pakala Shreya , Feuer Kyra , Gelernter Joel , Sanchez-Roige Sandra , Kember Rachel , Kranzler Henry
Published: August 2024

Somatoform traits, which manifest as persistent physical symptoms without a clear medical cause, are prevalent and pose challenges to clinical practice. Understanding the genetic basis of these disorders could improve diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. With publicly available summary statistics, we conducted a multivariate genome-wide association study (GWAS) and multi-omic analysis of four somatoform traits—fatigue, irritable bowel syndrome, pain intensity, and health satisfaction—in 799,429 individuals genetically similar to Europeans. GWAS identified 134 loci significantly associated with a somatoform common factor, including 44 loci not significant in the input GWAS and 8 novel loci for somatoform traits. Gene-property analyses highlighted enrichment of genes involved in synaptic transmission and enriched gene expression in 12 brain tissues. Six genes, including members of the CD300 family, had putatively causal effects mediated by protein abundance. There was substantial polygenic overlap (76–83%) between the somatoform and externalizing, internalizing, and general psychopathology factors. Somatoform polygenic scores were associated with obesity, Type 2 diabetes, tobacco use disorder, and mood/anxiety disorders in independent biobanks. Drug repurposing analyses suggested potential therapeutic targets, including MEK inhibitors. Mendelian randomization indicated protective effects of gut microbiota, includingRuminococcus bromii. These biological insights provide promising avenues for treatment development.
The effect of using some high-use and low-use elements on single cross KSC 703 corn variety as a second crop in Azarshahr, Iran
Authors: rahmatollahi Reza
Published: August 2024

Corn plant is of great importance for the sufficient and economical production of plant-based proteins both in the world and in Iran. Corn cultivation in Iran contributes greatly to the production of animal protein as well. In addition, starch, glucose and oil obtained from this plant are of great importance in terms of raw material in the country's economy. In order to investigate the effect of using some low-use and high-use elements on the yield of single cross KSC 703 corn variety, an experiment was carried out in the 2022 crop year in the form of randomized complete blocks in 11 levels and in 3 replications in Azar Shahr, Iran. The traits that were measured included the plant height, length of cob, diameter of cob, number of leaves, Leaf surface area، number of seeds in cob, number of row seeds in cob and number of florets in the tassel. The results of the analysis of variance showed that all the traits investigated in the experiment were under the influence of different fertilizer treatments were applied and they were significant at the level of statistical probability of 1%, which shows the effect of the treatments on the studied traits. According to the comparison of the average traits in all investigated traits, the use of nitrogen and phosphorus is 50% more in addition to micronutrient elements, iron, manganese, and copper, with phosphorus being 50% more in addition to all three elements, iron, manganese, and copper. In the evaluation of performance among different experimental treatments, it was found that the use of iron manganese sulfate treatment with nitrogen and phosphorus 50% more than the soil test has increased the yield by 82.60% compared to the control.
Mapping Parents’ Priorities and Needs in Supporting their Childrens’ Mental Health: A Situational Analysis and Needs Assessment in Czechia
Authors: Polášková Marie , Fišerová Marta , Kagström Anna
Published: August 2024

Childhood mental health disorders, particularly anxiety, present a significant global challenge, affecting many young people worldwide. In Czechia, similar rates of mental health problems in children are observed, yet access to specialised care remains limited. This paper addresses the urgent need for comprehensive support systems in Czechia by focusing on parental roles in promoting children's mental health. Despite the pivotal influence of parents on children's well-being, research specific to parental perspectives and needs in Czechia is sparse. This study employs a situational analysis and needs assessment using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research to explore parental perceptions of mental health, self-efficacy, stigma, and experiences with professional support. It also examines available resources and services for children, emphasising the prevalence and severity of anxiety-related concerns. By highlighting these critical aspects this study underscores the necessity of overcoming financial and accessibility barriers to evidence-based mental health programmes for families and children in Czechia, advocating for the establishment of support structures through public health insurance to reduce the treatment gap.
Teletrabalho no cenário pós-pandemia: elementos estruturais direcionadores para implantação do modelo
Authors: Caprioli Hericson , Weymer Alex Sandro Quadros
Published: August 2024

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar os elementos estruturais direcionadores para implantação de um modelo de teletrabalho no cenário pós-pandemia. A construção teórica se apoiou na literatura especializada sobre teletrabalho e mudança organizacional, especialmente a partir da estrutura de design proposta no modelo star model de Galbraith. A estratégia de pesquisa é do tipo estudo de caso. A técnica de análise de dados utilizada foi a análise de conteúdo das entrevistas realizadas com 24 líderes e colaboradores da cooperativa relacionados ao tema, gerando 409 citações, 58 subcategorias e cinco categorias analíticas, que foram sistematizadas com o auxílio do software atlas.ti 8.0.  Após a análise dos dados, foi possível evidenciar que os principais elementos estruturais (sintéticos) para implantação do modelo de trabalho estão coerentes com as dimensões da estrutura teórica escolhida: estratégia, estrutura, processos e competência lateral, sistema de recompensas e o de pessoas. No entanto, também foi possível perceber que existem elementos estruturais (analíticos) específicos e significativos que precisam ser considerados por aquelas organizações que almejam migrar ou implantar um modelo de teletrabalho, ressalvadas as peculiaridades do contexto específico da organização cooperativa deste estudo.
Implementasi Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia
Authors: Afifah Siti Afifatul , Al-Adawiyah Rabi’ah , Azahra Nabila Nurmay , Ardana Naufal Achsan
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menyajikan mengenai implementasi manajemen sumber daya manusia melalui indikator perencanaan, rekrutmen, seleksi, orientasi dan penempatan, pelatihan dan pengembangan, dan penilaian kinerja di SMK As-salam serta hambatan dalam implementasi manajemen sumber daya manusia di SMK As-salam. Adapun pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, maka diketahui bahwa implementasi manjemen sumbar daya manusia di SMK As-salam telah berjalan dengan baik, ditandai dengan adanya penyusunan perencanaan sumber daya manusia yang cukup profesional, pelaksanaan orientasi dan penempatan kerja yang memperhatikan kebutuhan sekolah dan kompetensi guru/karyawan, pelaksanaan pelatihan dan pengembangan yang terencana, dan penilaian kinerja.
Assessing the impact of socio-demographic factors on municipal water security in planned and unplanned urban centers of Pakistan
Authors: Kamran  , Khayyam Umer , Safdar Fasiha , Wahdatyar Rahmatullah , Waheed Abdul , Khokhar Muhammad Fahim
Published: August 2024

In the current era of climate change, along with population and urbanization growth, Pakistan is facing increasing environmental challenges. These challenges intensified the pressure on the existing municipal water supply (MWS), which necessitated a need for a comprehensive assessment of the municipal water dynamics in these three cities. This research aimed sixfold: assessing the current municipal water services, municipal water demand, groundwater table depletion, satisfaction, awareness level, and the monetary indicators of the MWS. A three-stage key performance indicator (KPI) -based questionnaire survey was conducted, both online and through a field survey, self-administered between March 2022 and December 2023 in Islamabad (planned), Rawalpindi, and Mardan (unplanned). Public water supply (PWS) coverage remained 63% in Islamabad and 52% in Rawalpindi, while Mardan heavily relied on (44%) bore wells. Similarly, water scarcity remained alarmingly high in Islamabad (82%) and Rawalpindi (72%), compared to (relatively) low in Mardan (16%) between June and August every year. Over the past three decades, groundwater depths (GWD) in Rawalpindi have increased up to 300 ft, in Islamabad by 200 ft, and in Mardan by 50 ft. The study calls for intensified roles of all stakeholders, including the community, municipalities, policymakers, and urban planners, to ensure sustained municipal water supply.
Hydrological simulation and evaluation of drought conditions in the ungauged watershed Parishan lake Iran, using the SWAT model
Authors: Ansarifard Sara , Ghorbanifard Mahdi , Boustani Fardin , Abdolazimi Hadi
Published: August 2024

Lake Parishan has experienced significant water scarcity, leading to its complete disappearance. This study utilized the SWAT model to assess the impact of changes in vegetation, precipitation, temperature, and evaporation on runoff and the lake's surface. Two strategies were employed: analyzing runoff variations based on land use and land cover (LULC) changes and evaluating the effects of precipitation, temperature, and humidity on runoff during the simulation period. A key challenge was the lack of runoff statistics, which was addressed by using data from donor watershed stations and Copernicus satellite information to improving simulation processes and calibration. The findings reveal that environmental changes, particularly land use, have increased evaporation and temperature fluctuations which results in reducing runoff. While Copernicus satellite data proved useful, runoff statistics from the neighboring Chamchit station provided more accurate simulations. The study finding suggests that the LULC strategy is an effective management approach, as in this case Parishan Lake's historical conditions with less urbanization and agriculture correlated with higher runoff and lake levels. Finally, meteorological and hydrometric drought and its impact on lake area changes were measured to reach a more comprehensive conclusion.
Biometric Technologies from the Anthropocentric and Nonanthropocentric Perspective
Authors: Baďurová Barbora , Húšťava Šipulová Marta
Published: August 2024

Biometric technologies or biometrics are becoming widespread, and, in many ways, they help to make human life easier. As this new technology has a significant impact on not just humans but also nonhuman nature, the authors perceive that there is a need of utmost importance to deal with the evaluation of the impact from the point of view of ethics, especially environmental ethics. The article is based mainly on an interdisciplinary approach, namely, a theoretical analysis of biometric technologies from the point of view of the two most significant approaches to argumentation in environmental ethics: anthropocentric and nonanthropocentric. The study will analyze the results of empirical research conducted among consumers in Slovakia in the years (2023-2024). The authors also base the analysis on relevant empirical data, presenting their own research on consumers’ subjective perceptions of the risks and benefits of biometrics. The authors conclude that it is essential to consider subjective and objective anthropocentric arguments and nonanthropocentric arguments for and against biometrics to understand the broader consequences of this technology.
Mechanism of Action of NvZhen ErXian HeJi in Ovariectomized Rats with Myocardial Infarction based on Network Pharmacology
Authors: Wu Kai , Guo Shuxun , Zhang Jie , Wen Desong , Zhang Linli , Zhu Mingyang , Wang Xiulong , Li Xuefang , Chen Zhigang , Lin Fei
Published: August 2024

Objective:

NvZhen ErXian HeJi (NZEXHJ) is used to treat perimenopausal syndrome (PS), but its
effect on perimenopausal coronary heart disease is unclear. Furthermore, the aim of this research is to study
the effect of NZEXHJ on perimenopausal coronary heart disease (PMCHD) in a rat model based on a network
pharmacology approach.

Materials and Methods:

Based on network pharmacological analysis combined with molecular docking, we
predicted the potential therapeutic target and pharmacological mechanism of NZEXHJ in the treatment of
PMCHD. We used an ovariectomized rat (OVR) model to understand the effect of NZEXHJ on myocardial injury
and further verified the target of NZEXHJ in the intervention of PMCHD.

Results:

We selected 52 active components of NZEXHJ against PMCHD and an intersection of their targets
on network pharmacology, to which SCN5A, SER1, AR, and PGR were significantly correlated. The protein-
protein interaction network revealed CASP3, CXCL8, IL6, MAPK1, TNF, TP53, and VEGFA in the treatment
of PMCHD with NZEXHJ. Kaempferol, luteolin, and mistletoe presented good affinity towards the aforementioned
targets by Molecular docking NZEXHJ exerted protecting cardiomyocytes for OVR. The mechanism
was related to a reduction in the expression levels of the CXCL8, TNF, and regulating PI3K-AKT signaling
pathways.

Conclusion:

This study reveals the potential multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway pharmacological
effects of NZEXHJ and predicts its protection against myocardial infarction in ovariectomized rats through
the PI3K Akt pathway, providing a theoretical basis for the treatment of PMCHD.
3D Printed Nanosensors for Cancer Diagnosis: Advances and Future Perspective
Authors: Gupta Babita , Malviya Rishabha , Srivastava Saurabh , Ahmad Irfan , Rab Safia Obaidur , Singh Deependra Pratap
Published: August 2024

:

Cancer is the leading cause of mortality worldwide, requiring continuous advancements in diagnosis
and treatment. Traditional methods often lack sensitivity and specificity, leading to the need for new methods.
3D printing has emerged as a transformative tool in cancer diagnosis, offering the potential for precise
and customizable nanosensors. These advancements are critical in cancer research, aiming to improve early detection
and monitoring of tumors. In current times, the usage of the 3D printing technique has been more prevalent
as a flexible medium for the production of accurate and adaptable nanosensors characterized by exceptional
sensitivity and specificity. The study aims to enhance early cancer diagnosis and prognosis by developing
advanced 3D-printed nanosensors using 3D printing technology. The research explores various 3D printing
techniques, design strategies, and functionalization strategies for cancer-specific biomarkers. The integration
of these nanosensors with detection modalities like fluorescence, electrochemical, and surface-enhanced Raman
spectroscopy is also evaluated. The study explores the use of inkjet printing, stereolithography, and fused
deposition modeling to create nanostructures with enhanced performance. It also discusses the design and functionalization
methods for targeting cancer indicators. The integration of 3D-printed nanosensors with multiple
detection modalities, including fluorescence, electrochemical, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, enables
rapid and reliable cancer diagnosis. The results show improved sensitivity and specificity for cancer biomarkers,
enabling early detection of tumor indicators and circulating cells. The study highlights the potential
of 3D-printed nanosensors to transform cancer diagnosis by enabling highly sensitive and specific detection of
tumor biomarkers. It signifies a pivotal step forward in cancer diagnostics, showcasing the capacity of 3D
printing technology to produce advanced nanosensors that can significantly improve early cancer detection
and patient outcomes.
Sonochemical Isomerization of [5,6]-open Adducts of C60 Fullerene with Camphor Derivatives into [6,6]-closed Ones
Authors: Kinzyabaeva Zemfira S. , Akhmetov Arslan R.
Published: August 2024

:

For the first time, a sonochemical method has been developed for the structural
rearrangement of [5,6]-open mono- and poly adducts of fullerene C60 containing spirocyclic
fragments of camphor analogs into [6,6]-closed isomers. The isomerization reaction occurs
with quantitative yield under mild conditions: 1 hour at room temperature. A probable
mechanism of sonochemical isomerization has been proposed. Mono- and poly adducts of
C60 fullerene containing spirocyclic fragments of camphor analogues were obtained in the
reaction of metal complex catalysis by the Pd(acac)2–2PPh3–4Et3Al system with the participation
of fullerene and diazo compounds.
“Cyclophilin A” Enzymatic Effect on the Aggregation Behavior of 1N4R Tau Protein: An Overlooked Crucial Determinant that should be Re-considered in Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis
Authors: Ranjbar Samira , Mehrabi Masomeh , Akbari Vali , Pashaei Somayeh , Khodarahmi Reza
Published: August 2024

Background:

Neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease (AD) involve the
abnormal aggregation of tau protein, which forms toxic oligomers and amyloid deposits. The structure
of tau protein is influenced by the conformational states of distinct proline residues, which are
regulated by peptidyl-prolyl isomerases (PPIases). However, there has been no research on the impact
of human cyclophilin A (CypA) as a PPIase on (non-phosphorylated) tau protein aggregation.

Methods:

On the basis of these explanations, we used various spectroscopic techniques to explore
the effects of CypA on tau protein aggregation behavior.

Results:

We demonstrated the role of the isomerization activity of CypA in promoting the formation
of tau protein amyloid fibrils with well-defined and highly ordered cross-β structures. According to
the "cistauosis hypothesis," CypA's ability to enhance tau protein fibril formation in AD is attributed
to the isomerization of specific proline residues from the trans to cis configuration. To corroborate
this theory, we conducted refolding experiments using lysozyme as a model protein. The presence
of CypA increased lysozyme aggregation and impeded its refolding process. It is known that proper
refolding of lysozyme relies on the correct (trans) isomerization of two critical proline residues.

Conclusion:

Thus, our findings confirmed that CypA induces the trans-to-cis isomerization of specific
proline residues, ultimately leading to increased aggregation. Overall, this study highlights the
emerging role of isomerization in tau protein pathogenesis in AD.
Unveiling the Potential of Bergenia Phenolics: Vitexin's Role in Allosteric Modulation of PBP2a as a Strategy against MRSA Resistance
Authors: Verma Abhishek Kumar , Saxena Anshulika , Srivastava Sandeep Kumar
Published: August 2024

Background:

For cell wall biosynthesis, drug-resistant S. aureus uses a special protein
called PBP2a, even when antibiotics are present and stop its natural processes from working. To
combat this, novel therapies are required to specifically target PBP2a with greater efficacy

Methods:

Using computational approaches, we screened nine phenolic compounds from other
Bergenia species, including Bergenia ciliata, Begenia ligulata, Bergenia purpurascens, and
Bergenia stracheyi, against the PBP2a allosteric site to explore the potential interaction between
phenolic compounds and a specific region of PBP2a known as the allosteric site.

Results:

Based on interaction patterns and estimated affinity, vitexin has been found to be the
most prominent phenolic compound. We performed MD simulations on vitexin and ceftazidime
as control molecules based on the docking results. The binding free energy estimates of vitexin
(-94.48 +/- 17.92 kJ/mol) using MM/PBSA were lower than those of the control (-67.61 +/- 12.29
kJ/mol), which suggests that vitexin may be able to inhibit PBP2a activity in MRSA.

Conclusion:

It has been intriguing to observe a correlation between the affinity of the lead vitexin
at the allosteric site and the modification of Tyr446, the active site gatekeeper residue in PBP2a.
Our findings have implied that lead vitexin can either directly or indirectly decrease PBP2a
activity by inducing allosteric site change in conventional medicine.
The Human Monkeypox Virus and Host Immunity: Emerging Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges
Authors: Singh Vijay , Dwivedi Shailendra , Agrawal Ruchika , Sadashiv  , Fatima Ghizal , Abidi Afroz
Published: August 2024

This article explores the Human Monkeypox Virus (MPV), a contagious virus that
causes disease in both vertebrates and insects. It originated in Denmark in 1958 and expanded
beyond Africa during the 1970s. The virus was initially detected in the United States in 2003
following the hospitalisation of a toddler who had been bitten by a prairie dog. The article
examines the identification of the virus, its categorization into two genetic groups with different
levels of harmfulness, and its genetic changes over time due to specific influences. Additionally,
it investigates the immunological reaction to MPXV, encompassing both the innate and
adaptive systems. This article also addresses the diagnostic difficulties presented by MPXV's
resemblance to other orthopoxviruses and the progress made in molecular diagnostics. The paper
analyses different therapeutic interventions, such as tecovirimat, an antiviral medication,
and JYNNEOS, a vaccine, in terms of their efficacy, potential drawbacks, and the difficulties
encountered in managing outbreaks. The future outlook emphasises the necessity of inventive
research methodologies, worldwide monitoring, and individualised medical treatments to counteract
the dissemination of MPXV and alleviate its consequences on public health.
Corrigendum to: B2M is a Biomarker Associated With Immune
Infiltration In High Altitude Pulmonary Edema
Authors: Yuan Mu , Hu Xueting , Xing Wei , Wu Xiaofeng , Pu Chengxiu , Guo Wei , Zhu Xiyan , Yao Mengwei , Ao Luoquan , Li Zhan , Xu Xiang
Published: August 2024

The funding details have been incorporated upon author’s request in the funding section of this article titled “B2M is a
Biomarker Associated With Immune Infiltration In High Altitude Pulmonary Edema ,” 2024, 27(1), 168-185 [1].

Details of the error and a correction are provided here.

Original:

This work was supported by grants from the Chongqing Natural Science Gene General Project (No. YWRYPYG).

Corrected:

This work was supported by General Project of Chongqing Natural Science Foundation cstc2020jcyj-msxmX0227.
We regret the error and apologize to the readers.

The original article can be found online at www.eurekaselect.com/article/131669.
Notch Signaling in Central Nervous System: From Cellular Development to Multiple Sclerosis Disease
Authors: Askari Hamid , Rabiei Fatemeh , Yahyazadeh Masoomeh , Biagini Giuseppe , Ghasemi-Kasman Maryam
Published: August 2024

Introduction/Objective:

Multiple sclerosis (MS), is characterized by autoimmune-driven
neuroinflammation, axonal degeneration, and demyelination. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic
potential of targeting Notch signaling within the central nervous system (CNS) in the context of
MS. Understanding the intricate roles of Notch signaling could pave the way for targeted interventions
to mitigate MS progression.

Methods:

A comprehensive literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Web of
Science, and Scopus. Keywords such as "Notch signaling," "neuroglial interactions," and "MS" were
used. The selection criteria included relevance to neuroglial interactions, peer-reviewed publications,
and studies involving animal models of MS.

Results:

This review highlights the diverse functions of Notch signaling in CNS development, including
its regulation of neural stem cell differentiation into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. In
the context of MS, Notch signaling has emerged as a promising therapeutic target, exhibiting positive
impacts on neuroprotection and remyelination. However, its intricate nature within the CNS necessitates
precise modulation for therapeutic efficacy.

Conclusion:

This study provides a comprehensive overview of the potential therapeutic role of Notch
signaling in MS. The findings underscore the significance of Notch modulation for neuroprotection
and remyelination, emphasizing the need for precision in therapeutic interventions. Further research is
imperative to elucidate the specific underlying mechanisms involved, which will provide a foundation
for targeted therapeutic strategies for the management of MS and related neurodegenerative disorders.
The Quality of Yoghurt Fortification Tuna Fishbone (Thunnus sp.) Nanocalcium: Physicochemistry and Microstructure
Authors: Shodiq Berliana , Lailasari Umi , Prasetiyo Dimas Teguh , Pambudi Ridho , Nurdin Muhammad Alfan
Published: August 2024

Calcium is very important mineral for human body. Fortification of natural calcium source into yoghurt can be a way to provide calcium requirement. Fortification nanocalcium into yoghurt also can increase bioavailability of calcium. This research aimed to determine the effect of tuna fishbone nanocalcium fortification on total acidity, pH, water holding capacity, viscosity, syneresis, firmness, cohesiveness, particle size and particle distribution of yoghurt. The treatment used were 100 ml yoghurt + 0% nanocalcium (P0), 100 ml yoghurt + 0.12% nanocalcium (P1), 100 ml yoghurt + 0.24% nanocalcium (P2), and 100 ml yoghurt + 0.48% nanocalcium (P3). This research carried out 4 treatments and 3 repetitions. The results showed that the fortification had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on yoghurt's total acidity, pH, water holding capacity. The result of viscosity, firmness and cohesiveness showed the highly significant effect (p < 0.01) in yoghurt and the rest variable result like particle distribution,  particle size and syneresis of yoghurt fortification showed no significant effect (p > 0.05). The average result  P0; P1; P2; P3 of total acidity () was 1.395±0.085; 1.343±0.0471; 1.272±0.0364; 1.242±0.0469, pH was 4.38 ± 0.04; 4.39 ± 0.01; 4.40 ± 0.03; 4.45 ± 0.01, water holding capacity (%) was 71.17 ±1.90; 71.77±1.96; 74.56 ± 2.2, viscosity (%) was 84.473 ± 0.537; 90.317 ± 0.585; 92.873 ± 1.175;  95.073 ± 0.616, syneresis (%) was 28.140±6.97; 28.790 ±2,19; 27.253 ±4.72; 27.890 ± 4.04,  firmness was 42.443 ± 1.093; 45.627 ± 0.994; 47.370 ± 1.295; 54.290 ± 2.509, cohesiveness was 12.679±0.244; -13.180±0.340; -13.913±0.270; -14.492±0.169, particle size (µm) was 9.820±1.950; 8.797±0.120; 8.470±1.869; 8.303±2.442, and particle distribution  was 3.027 ±0.01; 2.781 ±0.16; 2.714 ±0.313; and 2.578 ±0.22. The conclusion of this research was fortification of tuna fishbone nanocalcium had effect to decrease total acidity, syneresis, cohesiveness, particle size and particle distribution of yoghurt. Also, the fortification can increase pH, water holding capacity, viscosity and firmness of yoghurt.