bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Technology Commercialization as University Mission: Early Historical Developments at the University of Toronto
Authors: Sá Creso M. , Kretz Andrew
Published: March 2016

Canadian universities are perceived as less vibrant and engaged generators of technologies with commercial value than their American counterparts, and such perceptions have driven science policy for decades. This paper shows that contrary to these prevailing views, Canada’s largest university has a long history of experience in dealing with the technological gaps in national industry and in attempting to work with domestic firms. Three historical periods, particularly critical in shaping these interactions, are identified and discussed. By the time policy initiatives began emphasizing university-industry relationships, the university had already built essential organizational underpinnings for the commercialization of technologies.
Technical Experimentation in Ship Design during the Last Decades of the Serenissima : Gerolamo Maria Balbi’s Galea alla Ponentina
Authors: Campana Lilia
Published: March 2016

In 1744, the Venetian sea captain Gerolamo Maria Balbi (1693–1761) presented the Senate with a project to build a galea alla ponentina (“galley of Western design”) that would join the Venetian fleet based in Corfu. The Senate approved Balbi’s project hoping that the galley of new design would restore Venice’s maritime reputation after the losses of the war against the Ottomans in 1718. The construction of the galley by the Venetian shipwright Giovan Battista Fausto lasted more than two years and was sent to Corfu in 1746. However, the newly built galley proved to be unseaworthy due to its faulty design and was sent back to Venice where it lay abandoned in the Arsenal until its dismissal in 1753. This article discusses Balbi’s galley, which offers a unique glimpse into the technical experimentation in ship design in the Arsenal during the last decades of the Republic of Venice.
Community Sound Work: Music in open health settings – voice and body, inclusion and therapy, individuality and indication
Authors: Mastnak Wolfgang
Published: March 2016

Though Sound Work was developed in the field of psychiatry, its characteristics proved to comply widely with the philosophical paradigms of community music, a fact that encouraged the development of Community Sound Work as a new interdisciplinary and culturally sensitive concept. Sound Work was developed on the basis of comparative psychiatric case studies identifying four main clinical problems: traumatization and pathological symbolization, psychosomatic loops and somatization, loss of inner balance and social disintegration, energetic maladjustment and inadequate energy expenditure. Clinical application has shown that rhythm and sound are deeply involved with human characteristics and life-determining conditions. This led to various applications of Sound Work in medical, preventive, pedagogical and sociocultural fields. Consequently, the philosophy of community music could benefit greatly from a fresh view of psychiatric Sound Work, because while psychopathological traits require therapy, authentic personality features require empathetic inclusion.
DrumPower – music for a better community in the classroom: Group music therapy programme for violence prevention, social integration and empowerment in schools – suggestions from Community Music Therapy approaches
Authors: Wölfl Andreas
Published: March 2016

Prevention of violence is one of the major social responsibilities of the twenty-first century, requiring effective preventative measures at many levels. Music as a non-verbal and emotive medium provides general and specific means for promoting aggression regulation, social integration and empowerment. Different music therapeutic procedures seem to be useful and the ideas of Community Music Therapy can expand the methodical approaches in German Music Therapy. This article presents a specific music therapy programme for the prevention of violence in school classes, which has been scientifically elaborated upon over the past few years in Germany. After describing the programme, called DrumPower, the article will conclude with the question as to what extent the different approaches can be useful to each other in the future.
Sociocultural work and Community Music in Germany
Authors: Hill Burkhard
Published: March 2016

This article is based on a version published over ten years ago in the Handbuch Musik in der Sozialen Arbeit/Handbook of Music in Social Work (Theo Hartogh and Hans-Hermann Wickel, 2004). The international discourse about Community Arts/Music was then still largely unknown in Germany. Nationally, the subject was classified as Soziokultur/social culture within which social work was the mainstay. The opening hypothesis of the article, which has since been updated, proposed that developments in national Soziokultur and international community music were running a similar course and pursuing similar goals. In the following text, the developments in the musical sub-division of German Soziokultur are reconstructed and presented in relation to the observations of Higgins in Britain. It will subsequently be examined, whether the term community music is appropriate to describe the theory and practice of social music-making in Germany.
Music-making and the master–pupil tradition in teaching: The current state of music education in Germany and Community Music
Authors: Grosse Thomas
Published: March 2016

The present article considers the (non-)relationship of German educational institutions with the field of community music, a field of work currently without an independent designation in Germany. Beginning with the philosophies of its Musikschulen and Musikhochschulen, the article goes on to describe teaching traditions and funding structures in Germany. Originating from the ideal of superlative artistic performance, the quest for excellence has spawned the so-called ‘Meisterlehre’, that is to say the teaching model in which the tutor as ‘master’ passes on all his knowledge and expertise to his apprentice. For the vast majority of students, a performing career is their defining goal, in spite of the increasing precariousness of the profession. Other forms of artistic communication are often perceived as a failure in this respect, and receive accordingly less recognition. This situation has contributed to the fact that community music in Musikhochschulen has so far garnered little attention.

In Germany there are a large number of activities on offer, which come under the heading of community music, and a demand for specifically trained musicians is indeed discernible, but as yet no awareness has evolved of the opportunity that a career in community music represents. Neither the remits of educational establishments nor students’ goals are in line with this, and perspectives often change only when confronted with the harsh reality of the profession. Related fields of work, such as arts education and arts-based social work, may seem to cover the domain; yet community musicians work primarily as performing artists and not as educators – a distinction that is difficult to fathom, given the prevailing artistic attitudes. In order to professionalize community music, a structured form of professional development would seem to be the most appropriate way forward at this point. Questions arising in a professional context could be properly dealt with, and a platform to achieve more recognition for community music as an artistic endeavour could be built. Once an artistic identity is established, the ensuing possibilities for a community musician to take effect in society are manifold.
Phylogenetic information of freshwater copepod (Diaptomus sicilis) with special reference to 18S rRNA
Authors: Mookkaiah Gomathi Jeyam , Ravichandran Ramanibai
Published: March 2016

In the present investigation to isolate freshwater calanoid copepods (Diaptomus sicilis) was characterized and identify the organisms by 18S rRNA sequencing. Plankton samples containing D. sicilis were collected during January 2014 (Post-monsoon) from Madippakkam Lake (12°57'41"N80°11'27"E) Chennai, Tamil Nadu. Immediately after sampling, specimens for genetic analyses were fixed in 95% ethyl alcohol. The total DNA was extracted from the individual copepod D. sicilis using Qiagen Blood tissue kit. The nuclear small subunit 18S rRNA gene was amplified using the Universal primer LCO —1490 (5’-GGTCAACAAATCATAAAGATATTGG-3’) and HCO-2198 (5’-TAAACTTCAGGGTGACCAAAAAATCA-3’). PCR products were loaded onto a 1% TAE agarose gel. Sequences were carried out an automated sequencer. The nucleotide sequence of 1282 base pair region of 18S rRNA was determined for D. sicilis. The similarity of sequences of D. sicilis was retrieved by BLASTn pro­gram and maximum identity and E-value was 76% and 0.00, respectively. The PCR products of D. sicilis individuals showed 80% similarity with the partial nuclear small subunit 18S rRNA gene region of other calanoid copepods. Based on molecular data the freshwater Calanoid copepods showed different algorithms and similar types of topologies useful for designing molecular analyses using phylogeny tree construction.Present molecular stud­ies on the relationship of D. sicilis with other freshwater calanoid copepods indicate that this species is close to D. castor followed by D. keniraensis.
Exposure to school and classroom racial segregation in Charlotte-Mecklenburg high schools and students’ college achievement
Authors: Giersch Jason , Bottia Martha Cecilia , Mickelson Roslyn Arlin , Stearns Elizabeth
Published: March 2016

In this study we investigate Charlotte Mecklenburg Schools (CMS) high school graduates’ academic performance in the first year of college and test whether their exposure to racial segregation in high school at both the school and classroom levels affected their college freshman grade point averages. Utilizing administrative data from the Roots of STEM Success Project, we track the CMS class of 2004 from middle school through its first year of education in the University of North Carolina (UNC) system. Our findings show that segregation among schools and among classes within schools compromises college achievement for students of color while offering no significant benefits to white students’ college achievement.
High school and equivalent schools in the occupational health and safety occupational health and safety hazards outside
Lise ve dengi okullarda iş sağlığı ve güvenliği ile iş sağlığı ve güvenliği dışındaki tehlikeler
Authors: Deliönü Özcan , Utlu Zafer
Published: March 2016

The purpose of this study is; information about the high school or equivalent teachers working in schools, job security is to determine the hidden dangers other than thought and safety measures related to safety at school and work to contribute to the solution of this problem. Qualitative research methods, including six managers in the survey conducted by 17 professional technical teachers and 15 classes participated in a total of 32 teachers group culture. Focus group discussions and one-to-one interviews done with information about the job security teachers what hidden dangers beyond thought and safety measures related to safety in schools that have been investigated. Situated in Şişli high school or equivalent and Kâğıthane district schools in the study were selected. Studies on the safety of vocational and technical teachers as a result of general education courses according to their teachers as more information has emerged they have a business need. Also, it is seen that they are shareholders in the implementation of measures related to safety of vocational technical teacher. A number of problems arise with different and varied perspectives on security related more students remaining in the determination of the danger out of business safety measures in schools. ÖzetBu çalışmanın amacı; lise ve dengi okullarda çalışan öğretmenlerin iş güvenliği ile ilgili bilgileri, okullarındaki iş güvenliği ile ilgili düşünceleri ve iş güvenliği tedbirleri dışındaki gizli tehlikeleri belirlemek ve bu sorunun çözümüne katkıda bulunmaya çalışmaktır. Nitel araştırma yöntemi ile gerçekleştirilen bu araştırmaya altısı yönetici olmak üzere, 17 mesleki teknik öğretmen ve 15 kültür dersleri grubu toplam 32 öğretmen katılmıştır. Odak grup görüşmeleri ve bire bir görüşmeler yapılarak öğretmenlerin iş güvenliği ile ilgili bilgileri, okullarındaki iş güvenliği ile ilgili düşünceleri ve iş güvenliği tedbirleri dışındaki gizli tehlikelerin neler olduğu araştırılmıştır. Araştırmada Şişli ve Kâğıthane ilçesinde yer alan lise ve dengi okullar seçilmiştir. Yapılan çalışma sonucunda mesleki teknik öğretmenlerin iş güvenliği konusunda genel kültür dersleri öğretmenlerine göre işin gereği olarak daha çok bilgi sahibi oldukları ortaya çıkmıştır. Ayrıca, genel olarak mesleki teknik öğretmenlerin iş güvenliği ile ilgili tedbirlerin alınmasında pay sahibi oldukları görülmektedir. Okullarda iş güvenliği tedbirleri dışında kalan tehlikelerin belirlenmesinde ise daha çok öğrencilerle ilgili bir takım problemler ile güvenliğe yönelik farklı ve çeşitli görüşler ortaya çıkmaktadır.
An examinationof fear of crime and perception of risk by gender
Suç korkusu ve risk algısının toplumsal cinsiyet açısından incelenmesi
Authors: Öztürk Meral , Kocacık Faruk , Gönültaş Miraç Burak
Published: March 2016

Fear of crime has become one of the most popular subjects in social sciences in the past fifty years. Primarily an area of interest in criminology, the fear of crime has lately been analysed from a sociological perspective, and personal and environmental factors that generate the fear of victimisation have been examined. Researches conducted so far suggest that the fear of crime has become one of the social problems that modern societies confront and women are more fearful of victimisation when compared to men. This study aims at understanding whether there are any differences on the fear of crime based on gender and what types of precautions females take in order to avoid crime. The survey has been carried out in the city of Mersin. A questionnaire form developed by Ferraro (1995) and adapted to Turkish language by Kul (2009) has been used. The findings obtained from the survey have confirmed the literature. Accordingly, women’s fear of crime has been found to be significantly higher than that of men. Women are most afraid of being exposed to sexual abuse and rape. Additionally, women exhibit more avoidance behaviours in order not to be a victim of crime.  ÖzetSuç korkusu son 50 yılda sosyal bilimlerde popüler olan konulardandır. Öncelikle kriminolojinin ilgi alanına girdiği görülen suç korkusu daha sonraları sosyolojik perspektiften de incelenmeye başlanmış, mağduriyet korkusuna neden olan bireysel ve çevresel faktörler incelenmiştir. Yapılan araştırmalar suç korkusunun artık modern toplumların karşılaştığı sosyal sorunlardan birisi olduğunu, kadınların erkeklere kıyasla daha çok mağduriyet korkusu yaşadıklarını göstermektedir. Bu çalışma suç korkusunun cinsiyet açısından farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığını, kadınların suçtan korunma amacıyla ne tür önlemler aldığını ortaya koymak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışma Mersin’de gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada Ferraro (1995) tarafından geliştirilen ve Kul (2009) tarafından Türkçeye uyarlanan anket formu kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada elde edilen veriler literatürü desteklemektedir. Buna göre kadınların suç korkuları erkeklerden anlamlı düzeyde yüksektir. Kadınlar en çok cinsel taciz ve tecavüze uğramaktan korkmaktadır. Bunun yanında suç mağduriyeti yaşamamak için daha çok kaçınma davranışı sergilemektedirler.
Specific Targeting of the Basolateral Amygdala to Projectionally Defined Pyramidal Neurons in Prelimbic and Infralimbic Cortex
Authors: Cheriyan John , Kaushik Mahesh K. , Ferreira Ashley N. , Sheets Patrick L.
Published: March 2016

Adjacent prelimbic (PL) and infralimbic (IL) regions in the medial prefrontal cortex have distinct roles in emotional learning. A complete mechanistic understanding underlying this dichotomy remains unclear. Here we explored targeting of specific PL and IL neurons by the basolateral amygdala (BLA), a limbic structure pivotal in pain and fear processing. In mice, we used retrograde labeling, brain-slice recordings, and adenoviral optogenetics to dissect connectivity of ascending BLA input onto PL and IL neurons projecting to the periaqueductal gray (PAG) or the amygdala. We found differential targeting of BLA projections to PL and IL cortex. Activating BLA projections evoked excitatory and inhibitory responses in cortico-PAG (CP) neurons in layer 5 (L5) of both PL and IL cortex. However, all inhibitory responses were polysynaptic and monosynaptic BLA input was stronger to CP neurons in IL cortex. Conversely, the BLA preferentially targeted corticoamygdalar (CA) neurons in layer 2 (L2) of PL over IL cortex. We also reveal that BLA input is projection specific by showing preferential targeting of L5 CP neurons over neighboring L3/5 CA neurons in IL cortex. We conclude by showing that BLA input is laminar-specific by producing stronger excitatory responses CA neurons in L3/5 compared with L2 in IL cortex. Collectively, this study reveals differential targeting of the BLA to PL and IL cortex, which depends both on laminar location and projection target of cortical neurons. Overall, our findings should have important implications for understanding the processing of pain and fear input by the PL and IL cortex.
Evolution and Voices of Progressive Catholicism in the Age of the Scopes Trial
Authors: Pavuk Alexander
Published: March 2016

Belying assumptions about Catholics and science grounded in the old science-religion warfare model in the 1920s, two liberal Catholic intellectuals contributed in some important but overlooked ways to the discourse where prominent scientist-popularizers and other intellectuals constructed the public understanding of evolution and the Scopes Trial in the mid-1920s US. This article explores publicly-disseminated articles and archival correspondence between Catholics and non-Catholics on these topics, concluding that the manner in which the former supported evolution and opposed the Scopes prosecution may have unintentionally fostered scientism and religious modernism, rather than Catholicism, in the public square. Conditioned by their own Progressive-Era experiences and intellectual training, renowned liberal Catholics Fr. John A. Ryan, board member of the American Civil Liberties Union, and Michael Williams, editor ofCommonwealmagazine, framed their arguments directed at non-Catholic intellectual elites almost exclusively in social and biological science to the exclusion of religion. They did so even as public intellectuals and prominent scientists of modernist faith, like Henry Fairfield Osborn of the Museum of Natural History, constructed a public image of evolution that blended religion, philosophy and science when assigning meaning to the Scopes Trial. This study broadens the view of science-religion conversations surrounding evolution in the 1920s by integrating voices usually omitted from the story while further complicating the still-resonant ‘creationist-' evolutionist’ paradigm.
When Myc's asleep, embryonic stem cells are dormant
Authors: Nakagawa Masato , Karagiannis Peter , Yamanaka Shinya
Published: March 2016

Myc is one of the original reprogramming factors used to produce induced pluripotent stem cells. However, it is not necessary, instead its main role is to increase the efficiency of the reprogramming. The article by Scognamiglio et al () helps clarify how. The authors show that Myc depletion leads to a reversible dormant state consistent with diapause. In this state, the cell sees its proliferation potential diminished but its pluripotency unchanged. The ability to coordinate the induction of this state should have important implications in cell differentiation.
DNA binding to SMC ATPases—trapped for release
Authors: Schüler Herwig , Sjögren Camilla
Published: March 2016

The SMC/Rad50/RecN proteins are universal DNA‐associated ABC‐type ATPases with crucial functions in genome maintenance. New insights into Rad50–DNA complex structure and cohesin regulation inspire a speculative look at the entire superfamily. Identification of a continuous DNA binding site across the Rad50 dimer interface (Liu et al, ; Seifert et al, ) suggests a similar site in cohesin. The localization of this site hints a DNA‐activated mechanism for cohesin removal from chromosomes.
Roles of EDNs in regulating oviductal NO synthesis and smooth muscle motility in cows
Authors: Kobayashi Yoshihiko , Yoshimoto Yuka , Yamamoto Yuki , Kimura Koji , Okuda Kiyoshi
Published: March 2016

Endothelins (EDNs) participate in various physiological events including smooth muscle contraction, nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, and embryonic development. In this study, we investigated the regional roles of EDNs produced by bovine oviductal epithelial cells in NO synthesis and smooth muscle motility. Quantification of mRNA expressions indicated that expression of EDN receptor B (EDNRB) in the ampullary region was higher after ovulation than before ovulation, whereas expression ofEDNRAin the isthmic region was higher after ovulation than before ovulation. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the EDN receptors (EDNRA and EDNRB) were expressed in the epithelium, whereas smooth muscle showed positive staining only for EDNRA. The expressionsPlease suggest whether 'NOS2' can be treated as the updated symbol for 'iNOS' as per gene nomenclature. ofinducible NO synthase (iNOS) protein and its mRNA (NOS2)in cultured epithelial cells isolated from the ampulla were stimulated by EDN1, but not by EDN2 or EDN3, after 1h of incubation. In isthmic epithelial cells, none of the EDNs affected the expression ofNOS2. Isometric contraction tests indicated that spontaneous waves were strong in the isthmic region but weak in the ampullary region. EDN1 modulated smooth muscle motility in both the regions. The overall findings suggest that EDN1 plays region-specific roles in smooth muscle motility and epithelial NO synthesis, providing an optimal oviductal microenvironment for transport of gametes, fertilization, and development/transport of early embryo.
Myasthenia Revealed Following Laparotomy - A Case Report
Authors: Ghannam Abdelilah , Tazi Abdellah , Tadili Jaouad , Faroudy Mamoun , Kettani Ali
Published: March 2016

Myasthenia (muscle weakness) is a rare neuromuscular disease of which respiratory failure is the main complication. The accidental discovery of such disease in the perioperative period is rare and potentially serious.

We report a case of a woman who underwent emergency operation for appendiceal peritonitis, and failed repeatedly at weaning from postoperative mechanical ventilation. The usual etiologies such as postoperative respiratory complications, ventilator-associated pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome complicating the septic shock or having no impact on it, and neuromyopathy’s resuscitation were considered, researched, examined or eliminated.

Faced with the diagnostic impasse and the obvious weaning failure, another interview revealed signs of muscle fatigue which led to the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis decompensated perioperatively. Once the diagnosis was confirmed by means of a neostigmine test, the specific treatment began, particularly through plasma exchange sessions, and the process of weaning resumed. The result was complete weaning. A three-month follow-up showed a stable patient with no significant muscular disability.
Bilateral acetabular fracture. Two case reports with literature review
Authors: Boussakri Hassan , Elibrahimi Abdelhalim , Elidrissi Mohammed , shimi Mohammed , Elmrini Abdelmajid ,   Department of Osteoarticular Surgery (B4), Hassan II University Hospital, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdullah University 30000 Fez, Morocco.,   Department of Osteoarticular Surgery (B4), Hassan II University Hospital, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdullah University 30000 Fez, Morocco.,   Department of Osteoarticular Surgery (B4), Hassan II University Hospital, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdullah University 30000 Fez, Morocco.,   Department of Osteoarticular Surgery (B4), Hassan II University Hospital, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdullah University 30000 Fez, Morocco.,   Department of Osteoarticular Surgery (B4), Hassan II University Hospital, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdullah University 30000 Fez, Morocco.
Published: March 2016

Bilateral acetabular fractures represent a challenge, even for experienced Orthopedic surgeons .We present two patients who had an isolated acetabular bilateral fracture, following a violent trauma caused by a traffic accident, which were treated in our department .The treatment strategy is planned by a team of surgeons. After a proper preoperative preparation and using a surgical treatment by postero-lateral Moore and Kocher-Langenbeck approach with internal fixation. Our clinical and radiological results were very satisfying.
Neurological Manifestations In Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Hnach Youssef , Ajana Fatima Zahra , BenbelbarhdadiI Imane , Essamri Wafaa , Afifi Rajae , Benazzouz Mustapha , Essaid Elfeydi Abdellah
Published: March 2016

Introduction : The purpose of this retrospective study was to report neurological manifestations noted in patients who were monitored for inflammatory bowel disease, in order to document the pathophysiological, clinical, progressive, and therapeutic characteristics of this entity.
Material and methods : We conducted a retrospective study on patients monitored -in the gastroenterology service in Ibn Sina Hospital in Rabat, Morocco- for inflammatory bowel disease from 1992 till 2013 and who developed neurological manifestations during its course. Patients with iatrogenic complications were excluded, as well as patients with cerebrovascular risk factors.
Results : There were 6 patients, 4 of whom have developed peripheral manifestations. Electromyography enabled the diagnosis to be made and the outcome was favorable with disappearance of clinical manifestations and normalization of the electromyography.
The other 2 patients, monitored for Crohn’s disease, developed ischemic stroke. Cerebral computed tomography angiography provided positive and topographic diagnosis. Two patients were admitted to specialized facilities.
Conclusion : Neurological manifestations in inflammatory bowel disease are rarely reported. Peripheral neuropathies and stroke remain the most common manifestations. The mechanisms of these manifestations are not clearly defined yet. Currently, we hypothesize the interaction of immune mediators.
Penile cavernous hemangioma
Authors: Echchaoui Abdelmoughit , Zaouri Hasna ,   Department of Dermatology, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco.
Published: March 2016

Hemangiomas are benign lesions that occur in any part of the body in newborns or in young patients, they are typically capillary or cavernous. Cavernous hemangioma of the penis is extremely rare; and its etiology is not completely understood. Treatment options (surgical excision, laser therapy or sclerotherapy…) are controversial and are required if pain, cosmetic defect and/or bleeding during intercourse.

We report a case of a 26 years old man presented with a five years history of a painless lesion on his penis. Physical examination showed an ovoid, solid, 1 x 2 mm in size on the dorsum of penis (Panel A) and two elevated irregular lesions on the ventral side (Panel B). The lesions were compressive, nonpulsatile and bluish-red in color with strawberry like appearance. Biopsy and histopathological examination of the lesion revealed a gaping and communicating vessels proliferated in the superficial and medium dermis which is pathognomonic for cavernous hemangioma (Panel C and D). Given the small size, the large number of the lesions, the young age, and the ulceration risk during intercourse if skin graft after excision, Neodymium: YAG laser coagulation was recommended to get a good cosmetic results and sexual function satisfaction.
Holt-Oram syndrome: a simple diagnosis that is often delayed
Authors: Bakkali Abderrahmane , Harrag Jamal Eddine , Koulekey Dodji , Benlafqih Chakib , Sayeh Rochd , Laaroussi Mohamed
Published: March 2016

Background: Holt-Oram syndrome is uncommon. It is characterized by heart disease and skeletal abnormalities of the hands and arms (upper limbs). This conditionis inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, which means one copy of the altered gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the disorder. The most common problem is an atrial septal defect, and upper limb musculoskeletal deformities. These morphological characteristics should suggest a cardiac abnormality which is usually silent. Cases presentation: We report isolated cases with this syndrome. Tow patients with skeletal anomalies have been survived 11 and 29 years with their congenital cardiac defects without being diagnosed in despite of their obvious upper limbs deformities. In the two cases, the diagnosis of Holt-Oram syndrome was delayed and the cardiac defects have been revealed at the stage of surgery. We will discuss the variables of the musculoskeletal abnormalities and their association with the cardiac morphological defects. Conclusion: Holt-Oram syndrome is a rare inherited clinical disorder. Cardiac defect should be suspected in the presence of congenital upper limb abnormalities.
Public-Private Partnerships In Health
Authors: Bouti Khalid , Borki Rajae ,   Center of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Tetouan, Morocco.,   Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Specialties Hospital, Rabat, Morocco.
Published: March 2016

Extract: The current importance of public debt requires governments to increasingly shift towards Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs). They are long-term contracts of private financing method providing or contributing to public service. The payment is made by the public partner and/or users of the service.
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines this type of partnership as ‘‘a means to bring together a set of actors for the common goal of improving the health of populations based on mutually agreed roles and principles.’’
Historically, the principle of PPP was established by the Private Finance Initiative (PFI), launched by the conservative government of John Major in 1992. It was from this moment that this model quickly spread to the rest of the world. In the mid-90s and from Australia, PPP agreement began to become part of the language of governments. In 1997, Labour with Tony Blair leading, strongly developed this management method, first and particularly in hospitals and then, in the entire public sector and spreading to the Royal Navy. Today, 10-15% of British public investments are made using PFI method.
Head and Neck Sarcomas - Our Experience at a Tertiary Care Center in Rabat, Morocco
Authors: Borki Rajae , Nitassi Sophia , El Ayoubi Ali , Bencheikh Razika , Oujilal Abdelilah , Benbouzid Anass , Essakalli Leila
Published: March 2016

Introduction: Head and neck sarcomas are rare, malignant and very heterogeneous tumors. The difficulty to manage these sarcomas requires the intervention of a multidisciplinary team to improve the prognosis. The aim of our study is to report our series (epidemiological, histological and progressive characteristics) and evaluate our treatment results.
Patients and methods: This is a retrospective study on 42 cases of head and neck sarcomas, assembled at ENT and Maxillofacial Surgery department in the University Hospital of Rabat, for a period of 5 years (2010-2015). All sarcomas were confirmed by histological examination with immunohistochemical study.
Results: There were 29 men and 13 women. The average age of our patients was 35.5 years (extremes of age: 13 and 70 years). All patients received a CT scan with MRI scan in 21 cases. A remote extension assessment showed lung metastases in 8 cases. The most frequently found histological type was synovial sarcoma, which was noted in 13 patients (30.9%) followed by osteosarcoma (21.2%). The osteosarcoma treatment was curative in 19 cases, based on surgery with radiotherapy. Total remission was noted in twelve patients.
Conclusion: Head and neck sarcomas are rare and very aggressive cancers with poor prognosis. The treatment approach combines surgery and chemoradiation. However, in the absence of adequate and effective treatment protocols, it is necessary to establish a surgical indication in time to ensure excision as complete as possible.
Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Diabetes Mellitus Profile
Authors: Kouismi Hatim , Hammi Sanae , Bouti Khalid , Rhanim Aziza , El Ataouna Khaoula , Razine Rachid , Bourkadi Jamal Eddine
Published: March 2016

Background : About 95% of patients with tuberculosis (TB) and 70% of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) live in low and middle-income countries. As a result, DM and TB are increasingly occurring together. The risk of tuberculosis is two to five times greater in patients with diabetes.The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with diabetes and to evaluate the impact of tuberculosis on diabetes control.
Patients and Methods : This is a retrospective study of 80 patients with confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis, comparing 30 patients with diabetes with 50 without diabetes.
Results : Diabetes was more frequent in older patients with tuberculosis and in male patients. 63,3% had type 2 diabetes. Tuberculosis symptoms did not differ between the two groups. Involvement of basal segments of the lower lobes and cavitation occurred more frequently in patients with diabetes, but this difference was not significant. The time for conversion to negative of sputum culture was longer in control patients (44,1 ± 20,2 days) than in case (36 ± 18.3) (p = 0.08).
Conclusion : Tuberculosis is frequently associated with diabetes mainly in low-income countries. The problem with this association could be accentuated in the future
Fatal Cardiothyreosis Revealed Through A Status Epilepticus And Resulting In A Therapeutic Impasse - A Case Report
Authors: Ghannam Abdelilah , Ouassou Zakaria , Tadili Jawad , Kettani Ali , Faroudy Mamoun
Published: March 2016

Cardiothyreosis is a rare and serious complication of thyroid disease. We report a case that is unique in its inaugural clinical picture (status epilepticus) due to late diagnosis and iatrogenic drug which precipitated the patient in an array of congestive heart failure where therapeutic management was limited by insufficient technical facilities leading to death.
Treatment Results Of Diaphyseal Forearm Fractures With Dynamique Compression Plate A Retrospective study of 156 Cases.
Authors: Boussakri Hassan , Elibrahimi Abdelhalim , Bachiri Mohammed , Bouziane Ouaritini Ahmed , Shimi Mohammed , Elidrissi Mohammed , Elmrini Abdelmajid
Published: March 2016

This retrospective study addresses a series of 156 cases of forearm fractures. These 156 cases were managed in the trauma-orthopedic department (B4) of Fez University Hospital, Morocco, from May 2008 till January 2013. The purpose of this study is to analyze epidemiological and clinical factors of diaphyseal forearm fractures and the results of their treatment with dynamic compression plate (DCP), as well as the complications and therapeutic errors of this surgical technique. The frequency of hospitalization in the trauma-orthopedic department was 3,96%. Ages ranged between 16 and 83, the average age was 32. 132 patients were male (85%). 90% were managed at the day of trauma. Traffic accidents were the most frequent cause in 52% patients. The fracture was in the left forearm in 65% of patients. 53% of fracture lines were in the middle third of the forearm. 38 fractures were open, and 30 were admitted for polytrauma. Osteosynthesis was performed with dynamic compression plate for all patients. In comparison with the literature, our series shows the predominance of young male patients, with traffic accidents being the cause. Osteosynthesis with dynamic compression plate remains the treatment of choice that provides satisfactory results if the accuracy in this technique was respected.
Ashy dermatosis : A case of cinderella
Authors: Hasnaa Zaouri
Published: March 2016

We report the case of a 20-years old female, who presented anasymptomatic grayish macules affecting the neck, trunk and roots of legs (Panel A). Histopathologic examination showed an increased dermal melanophages (Panel B) and a vacuolization of basal cell layer (Panel C), evoking an ashy dermatosis (AD). Paraclinical assessment didn't find any related disease. Multiple therapy was proposed such as corticosteroids andphototherapy. Evolution was marked by the extension of lesions in members at five years of follow-up.AD was first described by Ramírez. He called the patients «Los cenicientos». The Spanish term cenicienta means Cinderella, because of this folklore character's close association with ashes from sitting at home alone by the fireplace. Most cases present gray–brown macules which are commonly found on the face, arms, neck, and trunk. Histopathologic findings are nonspecific and include vacuolization of the basal layer, pigmentary incontinence and perivascular inflammatory infiltrate. The etiology of AD is unknown. Some authors reported associations with ammonium nitrate, whipworm infestation and HIV seroconversions. Many treatments was proposed such as corticosteroids, dapsone, clofazimine and phototherapy, but the results are not satisfactory. Such as basic research on the pathogenesis and treatment of hypermelanosis continuous, we look for more answers to the questions raised by this case.
Tuberculosis of The Parotid Gland in Children - A Report of 4 Cases
Authors: Borki Rajae , Bouti Khalid , Lahma Jawad , Bouadel Noureddine , Rkain Ilham , Nitassi Sophia , El Ayoubi Ali , Bencheikh Razika , Benbouzid Anass , Essakalli Leila
Published: March 2016

Tuberculosis is a chronic granulomatous infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis or bovis that can affect all organs. However being located in the salivary glands is rare, affecting mainly adults between 20 and 50 years, although a few cases were described in children. We reported a series of 4 children with parotid TB diagnosed and treated at the ENT department of the hospital of specialties of Rabat.

The average age was 9.25 years and sex ratio M/F was 1. All children were admitted for parotid swelling evolving over an average period of 6 months which fistulized afterwards, a child had also facial paralysis. Histological analysis of the fine-needle aspiration or the sample taken from the fistula confirmed the diagnosis of tuberculosis with the presence of giant cell granuloma with caseous necrosis. All children received anti-bacillary treatment during 6 months, and showed good evolution.

Although being rare, the parotid TB in children remains a condition to be considered at the occurrence of any chronic parotid swelling, especially in endemic countries.
Európai Rákellenes Kódex: 12 lehetőség, hogy csökkentse a rák kialakulásának kockázatát
Authors: Döbrőssy Lajos , Cornides Ágnes
Published: March 2016

Recently, the Word Health Organization/International Agency for Research on Cancer published the 4th edition of European Code against Cancer with 12 personal advices on how to diminish the risk of development of cancer. A proportion of advices refers to risk factors which are connected to our everyday lifestyle; an other admonishes to comply with the services offered by the health care system. In Hungary, the European Code has not received adequate publicity so far. As common risk factors play a major role in the development of chronic non-communicable diseases, the advices may contribute to the prevention of both cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(12), 451–460.
Teendők súlyos vérzés vagy sürgős sebészeti beavatkozás esetén direkt orális antikoaguláns gyógyszerrel kezeltekben. Az új dabigatran-antidótum: idarucizumab helye a klinikai gyakorlatban
Authors: Boda Zoltán
Published: March 2016

Only vitamin K antagonists could be applied as oral anticoagulants over the past six decades. Coumarols have narrow therapeutic range, and unpredictable anticoagulant effects are resulted by multiple drug interactions. Therefore, regular routine monitoring of the international normalized ratio is necessary. There are two groups of factor-specific anticoagulants: molecules with anti-FIIa (dabigatran) and anti-FXa (rivaroxaban, apixaban and edoxaban) effect. Author summarizes the most important clinical features of the new oral anticoagulants, their indications and the possibilities of laboratory controls. Bleedings are the most important side effects of anticoagulants. This review summarizes the current published evidences for new oral anticoagulants reversal (non-specific and specific) agents, especially in cases with severe acute bleedings or urgent surgery procedures. It reports on how to use inhibitors, the recommended doses and the most important clinical results. The review focuses on idarucizumab – already approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency – which has a key role as the first specific inhibitor of dabigatran. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(12), 443–450.
A prosztatadaganatos betegek sugárterápiájának mikroköltség-számítása
Authors: Zemplényi Antal Tamás , Mangel László , Kaló Zoltán , Endrei Dóra , Boncz Imre
Published: March 2016

Introduction: Development of radiation technology provides new opportunities for the treatment of prostate cancer, but little is known about the costs of novel technologies. Aim: The aim of this analysis was to compare the costs of conventional three-dimensional radiation therapy to normal and hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiation therapy for the treatment of localized prostate cancer. Method: The cost-analysis was performed based on the data of a Hungarian oncology center from health care provider’s perspective. Irradiation time was assessed from the data of 100 fractions delivered in 20 patients. Unit costs for each component were calculated based on actual costs retrieved from the accounting system of the oncology center. Results: Average treatment delivery times were 14.5 minutes for three-dimensional radiation therapy, 16.2 minutes for intensity-modulated radiation therapy with image-guided and 14 minutes without image-guided method. Expected mean cost of patients undergoing conventional three-dimensional radiation therapy, normal and hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiation therapy were 619 000 HUF, 933 000 HUF and 692 000 HUF, respectively. Conclusions: Although normal and hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiation therapies have already been proven to be cost-effective, current reimbursement rates do not encourage healthcare providers to use the more effective therapy techniques. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(12), 461–468.
HNF-4-α-mutáció okozta monogénes diabetes mellitus (MODY-1) első hazai esete
Authors: Jermendy György , Balogh István , Gaál Zsolt
Published: March 2016

The classification of diabetes mellitus in adolescents and young adults is often difficult. The diagnosis of the monogenic form of diabetes may have substantial influence on quality of life, prognosis and the choice of the appropriate treatment of affected patients. Among MODY (maturity-onset of diabetes in the young) MODY-1 is rarely detected, only 13 families were described in 2000, and 103 different mutations in 173 families were known in 2013 worldwide. The authors present the first Hungarian case of a monogenic form of diabetes due to HNF4α mutation (MODY-1). The diabetes of the index patient No. 1 (42-year-old woman with insulin treated diabetes) was diagnosed as gestational diabetes at age of 20 when she was treated with diet only. Later, insulin treatment has been initiated when marked hyperglycaemia was detected during an episode of acute pneumonia at age of 26. The diabetes of the index patient No. 2 (20-year-old daughter of the index patient No. 1, treated also with insulin) was diagnosed as type 2 diabetes at age of 13 and the patient was treated with diet only. Later the classification was modified to type 1 and insulin therapy was initiated at age of 14. The manifestation of diabetes, the familial occurrence and the low dose insulin requirement were suggestive for monogenic diabetes. Using molecular genetic method a mutation (c.869G>A, p.R290H) of HNF4α gene was found and MODY-1 was diagnosed in both cases. Insulin therapy was switched to treatment with low dose sulfanylurea and an excellent glycaemic control was achieved and sustained at follow-up of 1-year. No further positive cases were found during screening of other family members. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(12), 469–473.
Caracterização do envelhecimento populacional no município do Rio de Janeiro: contribuições para políticas públicas sustentáveis
Authors: Alves Davi da Silveira Barroso , Barbosa Maria Tereza Serrano , Caffarena Ernesto Raúl , Silva Alexandre Sousa da
Published: March 2016

Resumo Objetivo Descrever o estágio do envelhecimento populacional no município do Rio de Janeiro. Métodos Estudo ecológico tendo como unidades de observação os 160 bairros que compõem o município, utilizando indicadores sociais e demográficos construídos a partir de informações do Censo 2010. Realizou-se análise exploratória por meio de mapas temáticos e determinou-se a dependência espacial pelo Índice de Moran Global. Para agrupar bairros em estágios semelhantes do envelhecimento foi realizada uma análise de agrupamento a partir do método K-means. Resultados Encontraram-se três grupos de bairros em estágios diferentes de envelhecimento populacional, identificando-se uma tendência espacial no sentido oeste-leste com os bairros da “Zona Sul” se encontrando no estágio mais avançado de envelhecimento. Conclusão O estudo identificou as diferenças no processo de envelhecimento populacional e na composição etária dos bairros, apontando para a necessidade de políticas de saúde pública específicas que contemplem as particularidades desse processo em cada localidade, visando garantir um envelhecimento sustentável.
Effects of erosive challenge on the morphology and surface properties of luting cements
Authors: GONDIM Brenna Louise Cavalcanti , MEDEIROS Isabella Cavalcante , COSTA Bruna Palmeira , CARLO Hugo Lemes , SANTOS Rogério Lacerda dos , CARVALHO Fabíola Galbiatti de
Published: March 2016

Abstract Introduction Few studies investigated the surface properties of luting cements after erosive challenge. Objective To evaluate the surface roughness (Ra), Vickers hardness (VHN) and morphology of 4 luting cements after erosive challenge. Material and method Twenty specimens of each cement were prepared (4×2mm) and divided into experimental (erosive challenge) and control (artificial saliva) groups (n=10): Rely X U200 (U200); Rely X ARC (ARC); Ketac Cem Easy Mix (Ketac) and Zinc phosphate (ZnP). The erosive challenge was performed by four daily erosive cycles (90s) in a cola drink and 2 h in artificial saliva over 7 days. Ra and VHN readings were performed before and after erosion. The percentage of hardness loss (%VHN) was obtained after erosion. The surface morphology was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). ANOVA, Tukey and Student-T tests were used (α=0.05). Result After erosion, all luting cements had increase in Ra values and U200 and ZnP groups had the highest %VHN. After saliva immersion, only U200 and ZnP groups had significant increases in Ra values and there were no significant differences among the groups in %VHN. SEM analysis showed that Ketac and ZnP groups had rough and porous surfaces, and U200 group had higher resin matrix degradation than ARC group. Conclusion Erosive challenge with a cola drink affected the surface properties of all luting cements.