bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FAKTOR PENYEBAB PENURUNAN KUNJUNGAN BAYI DI POSYANDU PUSKESMAS LANGSAT PEKANBARU TAHUN 2016
Authors: Sihotang Hetty Maria , Rahma Nursiti
Published: July 2017

Posyandu has many benefits for the community, where people fasilitated to obtain information from health care for mothers, infants, and toddlers. Growth of infants and toddlers can also be monitored so as not to experience suffering from malnutrition, infant and toddler get vitamin A, a baby can obtain a complete immunization. From the data obtained from health centers every year, Visitors in Puskesmas Langsat Pekanbaru was declined, in 2012 the number of visits 28 291 infants and young children, in 2013 decreased to 27 480, 2014 decreased to 26 567 and in 2015 decreased to 25 476. The aim of research to find out what factors cause a decrease visit  of infants and toddlers to the Posyandu in working area Puskesmas Langsat Pekanbaru in 2016. The research design in this study is qualitative phenomenology. When the study was conducted in November 2015- June 2016. The population was mothers who have children aged 1-59 months who live in Puskesmas Langsat Pekanbaru. The results were obtained knowledge is lacking, the negative attitude of the mother, the limitations of time, place to stay on the move, the quality of health care, there is no family support, and vaccine composition may affect the reduction in infant and toddler visit to the Posyandu.

 

Posyandu banyak memiliki  manfaat bagi masyarakat, dimana masyarakat mendapat kemudahan dalam memperoleh informasi dari pelayanan kesehatan bagi ibu,bayi, dan anak balita. Pertumbuhan bayi dan balita juga dapat terpantau sehingga tidak mengalami menderita gizi buruk, bayi dan balita mendapatkan vitamin A, bayi dapat memperoleh imunisasi yang lengkap. Dari data yang diperoleh dari Puskesmas Langsat Pekanbaru setiap tahunnya memliki penurun yaitu, tahun 2012 jumlah kunjungan bayi dan balita 28.291, tahun 2013 menurun menjadi 27.480, tahun 2014 menurun menjadi 26.567 dan tahun 2015 menurun menjadi 25.476. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui apa yang menjadi faktor penyebab penurunan kunjungan bayi dan balita ke Posyandu  diwilayah kerja Puskesmas Langsat Pekanbaru Tahun 2016. Desain penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif fenomenologi. Waktu penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan November 2015- Juni 2016. Populasi adalah ibu yang memiliki anak usia 1 – 59 bulan yang berdomisili di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Langsat Pekanbaru. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh Pengetahuan yang kurang, sikap ibu yang negatif , keterbatasan waktu, tempat tinggal yang berpindah-pindah, kualitas pelayanan kesehatan,  tidak ada dukungan keluarga, dan komposisi vaksin dapat mempengaruhi penurunan kunjungan bayi dan balita ke Posyandu.
El problema interpretativo de la mecánica cuántica. Interpretación minimal e interpretaciones totales
Authors: Cassini Alejandro
Published: July 2017

En este artículo sostengo que la teoría cuántica estándar tiene una interpretación minimal sobre la cual todos los físicos están de acuerdo. Dicha interpretación es suficiente para cualquier aplicación de la teoría y ha sido confirmada por innumerables experimentos. Sin embargo, no proporciona una imagen global del mundo cuántico ni una ontología pretendida para la teoría cuántica. Por esa razón, se han propuesto diversas interpretaciones totales con el fin de completar la interpretación minimal. Argumento, entonces, que dichas interpretaciones, que son empíricamente equivalentes, pero incompatibles entre sí, constituyen empresas metafísicas que no pueden ser confirmadas por ninguna experiencia concebible. Por otra parte, afirmo que el programa de hallar la ontología de la teoría cuántica se basa en el falso supuesto de que existe una única ontología compatible con cada teoría física. Concluyo que no existe ningún camino directo desde el formalismo de la teoría cuántica a una ontología pretendida, ni tampoco desde determinados supuestos metafísicos hacia el formalismo cuántico.
Postconflicto en Colombia
Authors: Gamboa Fandiño Luis Fernando , Londoño Piedrahita Jhoan Sebastian
Published: July 2017

Es importante establecer los parámetros en los que el posconflicto se va a desarrollar, ya que es de suma relevancia analizar todos los aspectos que se deben tener en cuenta después de un eventual tratado en el proceso de paz, en el que todos los actores involucrados en este conflicto, que abarca tanto a las víctimas como a los victimarios, deben responsabilizarse y asumir su respectivo rol en búsqueda de acuerdos para la reparación integral de las víctimas, a quienes se les debe reconocer sus derechos
vulnerados, además de apoyar a las comunidades desplazadas, las principales damnificadas en este conflicto, para su retorno a las zonas rurales. Por otra parte, los victimarios deben comprometerse
con la reinserción a la sociedad, paralela y simultáneamente con los procesos sociales de perdón, reconciliación y reparación de las víctimas, para evitar el resurgimiento de otros grupos armados como
en su momento ocurrió con las AUC (Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia). Se plantean dos preguntas clave: la primera ¿si es posible una reinserción exitosa a la sociedad? Ya que se debe tener en cuenta la ideología de los diferentes individuos y como ha sido su socialización tanto primaria como secundaria frente a las circunstancias que lo llevaron a formar parte de estos grupos armados; y en segundo lugar entender ¿cómo afectan o contribuyen estas ideologías a las generaciones colombianas futuras? para
que eventualmente no surjan más grupos armados en el país.
Potencialidades humanas y capacidades territoriales: sendas para el postconflicto en Colombia
Authors: Bastidas Aguilar Luis Felipe
Published: July 2017

El presente artículo asume el postconflicto como una construcción social que en Colombia, como proceso en marcha, supone una dinámica que requiere de unos elementos estratégicos alternos para el balance entre las transformaciones socioculturales e institucionales que se configuran durante la profundización y el fortalecimiento de la Paz. Se busca armonizar el tema de postconflictoabordando dos sendas estratégicas en las políticas institucionales surgidas desde el modelo top-down, pero que proyectadas bajo los principios de endogénesis, contextualidad y de trópico, representan una alternativa para el retorno de la Colombia de la “raza cósmica”. Para ello se realiza una revisión bibliográfica generando, desde el concepto de Construcción de Paz, el relevante apalancamiento de las potencialidades humanas a través de la Reconciliación Social y, en torno al concepto de Diseño institucional, el fortalecimiento de las capacidadespolíticas territoriales de las entidades sub-nacionales “excluidas”. Sendas y principios que representan legitimidad, estabilidad política, promoción de prácticas deliberativas, ciudadanías empoderadas, gobernabilidad y Paz.
Aproximaciones a la noción del Conflicto Armado en Colombia: una mirada histórica
Authors: Carvajal Germán , Lopera Margarita Inés , Álvarez Martha Isabel , Morales Mantilla Sandra Milena , Herrera Contreras José Alexander
Published: July 2017

El presente artículo de investigación, tiene como propósito desarrollar una propuesta conceptual, alrededor de la noción del Conflicto Armado en Colombia. La construcción del concepto surge en el marco del desarrollo de un proyecto de investigación. 6 En la primera parte se desarrolla la noción del conflicto armado en Colombia, situando un inicio histórico en el siglo XIX, en cuyo recorrido se ubican causas económicas, sociales y políticas que confabularon para dar origen, y sostener el conflicto por más de un siglo; Para posteriormente establecer el surgimiento de los grupos guerrilleros, FARC y ELN (1960-1970) como un acontecimiento en donde las condiciones estaban dadas para su surgimiento. En la segunda parte se aborda la noción de actores del conflicto, el cual se articula desde un recorrido histórico y social, con el repaso de algunos testimonios de personas, civiles y militares, que tuvieron participación en el periodo comprendido como el “surgimiento de la violencia” en Colombia.
Concepciones del conflicto armado colombiano en estudiantes de un curso de Sociología de la UNAD
Authors: Perdomo Colina Hugo Ernesto
Published: July 2017

Formar estudiantes integrales donde la proyección social y la capacidad para transformar sus entornos locales, son algunas de las fortalezas que adquieren quienes optan por estudiar en la Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia, UNAD. Este derrotero se convierte en la disculpa académica ideal para
que la Escuela de Ciencias Sociales Artes y Humanidades, ECSAH, a través del curso de Sociología, haga de este espacio una experiencia de diálogo social entre el estudiante y esas realidades que circundan nuestro país, en las cuales queramos o no, estamos inmersos e invitados a pensar al país económico,
al país social, al país religioso; incluso al país que se sabe al margen de la ley. Es así como el curso de Sociología se convierte en una especie de caldo de cultivo en el cual y a través de temática como la que concierne al I periodo académico 2016: El conflicto armado en Colombia: ¿Un camino hacia el
posconflicto?, se le propone al estudiante apoyado en un constructo teórico, abordar esta temática, y a través de la estrategia ABP (Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas), conocer cómo perciben desde sus regiones a ese país al margen de la ley.

De esta manera, el artículo presenta unos resultados preliminares correspondientes al primero de los cuatro momentos de la estrategia didáctica: Clarificación del ámbito y definición del problema.
Una hipótesis de trabajo: termina el conflicto, estalla el posconflicto
Authors: Velandia Jagua Carlos Arturo
Published: July 2017

El progreso de las negociaciones con las Farc deben integrar los diálogos con el Eln, de lo contrario el país se vería abocado a la prolongación del conflicto interno que podría incluir otras fuerzas contrarias a las negociaciones. Este artículo realiza un ejercicio de plantear varios escenarios hipotéticos de paz y también de guerra.
Developing an Alternative Tourism in Buleleng: Needs Based Education and Public Capital
Authors: Andiani Nyoman Dini , Widiastini Ni Made Ary
Published: July 2017

Penelitian This research was conducted in order to understand a form of education that is based on the needs of the community through the use of a variety of capital that can be used in the development of tourism in Buleleng. This study uses ethnographic approach which is a culturalist approach and its emphasis on people's lives. This approach is used considering the culture comes from the community and maintained and implemented by the community. Data in this study were collected through observation and interviews. Moreover carried out literature to books, previous studies and articles that have relevance to the case examined in this study. The data processing is done qualitative descriptive narrative presented. In this case, the existence of regional capitals in Buleleng are very interesting to be known, understood and analyzed in depth in order to produce a model of sustainable tourism. The development of an area into a tourist attraction is not an easy matter. However, the government can work together with local communities to develop the existing tourism in the area, where the first step can be done by utilizing local labor in the area and to synergy between the needs of the community with programs implemented so that the common goal of improving the quality of tourism and social welfare can be achieved.Keywords: an alternative  , education, tourism
Pemrograman linear Fuzzy dengan Koefisien Teknis Bilangan Fuzzy menggunakan Metode Fuzzy Decisive Set
Authors: Widiarsi Neswin Indara , Kusumawati Rosita
Published: July 2017

Masalah optimisasi dalam kehidupan sehari-hari tidak semuanya dapat dimodelkan denganpemrograman linear (PL), khususnya masalah optimisasi dengan kendala yang tidak dapat diukur secarapasti sehingga koefisien teknis dari fungsi kendala tidak dapat dinyatakan secara tegas. Untuk mengatasihal tersebut, dibutuhkan pemrograman linear fuzzy (PLF). Penyelesaian model PLF dilakukan denganmembawa model PLF ke bentuk PL dengan menentukan batas dari nilai fungsi tujuan serta nilai koefisienteknis model PLF, kemudian mendefinisikan himpunan fuzzy goal dan himpunan fuzzy constraint untukmembentuk himpunan fuzzy decision yaitu irisan dari fuzzy goal dan fuzzy constraint, dan selanjutnyamenentukan solusi optimal pada himpunan fuzzy decision dengan memilih elemen dari himpunan fuzzydecision dengan nilai keanggotaan terbesar. Proses ini memuat bentuk non-konveks sehingga metode fuzzydecisive set digunakan. Model PLF diterapkan pada masalah optimisasi UD Firdaus Magelang yaitumemaksimalkan keuntungan penjualan paving dan batako dengan kendala waktu pengadukan, pencetakan,dan pengeringan.
Consideraciones acerca de la aplicación del Plan de Acción Mundial sobre Población
Authors: Urquidi Víctor L.
Published: July 2017

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Importancia de la teoría de la transición demográfica para países en desarrollo
Authors: Teitelbaum Michael S.
Published: July 2017

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Parviz Khalatbari, La explosión demográfica en los países subdesarrollados, Caracas, Universidad Central de Venezuela, 1974. 151 p.
Authors: Hernández Millán Abelardo
Published: July 2017

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L. B. Krause y W. S. Salant (comps.), Worldwide Inflation, Theory and Recent Experience. Washington, D. C., The Brookings Institute, 1977
Authors: Murra Ricardo
Published: July 2017

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K. A. Fox, J. K. Sengupta y E. Thorbecke, The Theory of Quantitative Economic Policy with Applications to Economic Growth and Stabilization. vol. 5 de la colección Studies in Mathematical and Managerial Economics. Amsterdam, North Holland, 1966. XXIII, 514 p.
Authors: Uribe Jr. Pedro
Published: July 2017

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Diferencias entre la población nativa y la migrante en Monterrey
Authors: Browning Harley L. , Feindt Waltraut
Published: July 2017

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Jacques Raoul Boudeville (compilador). L'espace et les pôles de croissance. París, Presses Universitaires de France, Colección Bibliothèque d'Economie Contemporaine, 1968, 232 p.
Authors: Necochea V. Andrés
Published: July 2017

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La evolución económica de México a partir de la Revolución de 1910
Authors: Solís M. Leopoldo
Published: July 2017

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Ta Ngoc Châu, Les aspects démographiques de la planification de l'enseignement. UNESCO, Instituto Internacional de Planificación de la Educación. París, 1969. 88 p.
Authors: Urquidi Víctor L.
Published: July 2017

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David E. Ramsett. Regional Industrial Development in Central America : A Case Study of the Integration Industries Scheme. Nueva York : Frederick A. Praeger, 1969. xvi, 133 p.
Authors: Urquidi Víctor L.
Published: July 2017

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H. M. Southworth y B. F. Johnston (compiladores). Desarrollo agrícola y crecimiento económico. México : UTEHA, 1970. xxi, 659 p.
Authors: Tello Carlos
Published: July 2017

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David Turnham, The Employment Problem in Less Developed Countries. A Review of Evidence, Centro de Desarrollo, Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos (OCDE), París, 1970. 236 p.
Authors: R. P. S. Reseñista
Published: July 2017

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Proyecciones de la fuerza de trabajo de México
Authors: Keesing Donald B. , Manne Alan Sussmann
Published: July 2017

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Béla Kádar, Pequeños países en la economía mundial. Studies on Developing Countries, no. 34, Budapest, Center for Afro-Asian Research of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1970, 31 p.
Authors: R. P. S. Reseñista
Published: July 2017

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Ronald L. Meek (comp.). Marx, Engels y la explosión demográfica, México, Editorial Extemporáneos, 1973. 248 p.
Authors: Hernández Millán Abelardo
Published: July 2017

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Julian L. Simon, The Effects of Income on Fertility, Chapel Hill, N.C., Carolina Population Center, 1974. 210 p.
Authors: Weiss-Altaner Eric R.
Published: July 2017

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Migración interna, movilidad social y actitudes y orientaciones de trabajadores peruanos
Authors: Scurrah Martín J. , Montalvo V. Abner
Published: July 2017

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Sexismo en la universidad
Authors: Mingo Araceli , Moreno Hortensia
Published: July 2017

La noción de performatividad fue introducida en el debate feminista por Judith Butler, quien postula que el género es una producción simbólica realizada mediante actos de significación. En este artículo nos proponemos analizar el sexismo en la vida cotidiana de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México como un fenómeno que tiene lugar en procesos de comunicación que se llevan a cabo en interacciones cara a cara como actos de habla y performances cuya puesta en escena ritualizada es el mecanismo de su propia realización y reproducción. Analizamos cuatro instancias de sexismo para discernir los resortes que están en juego cuando se verifican actos cuyo objetivo es “poner a una persona en su lugar”, reivindicar la supremacía varonil o cosificar a las mujeres como objetos sexuales.
Condiciones laborales en la Volkswagen de México. Los efectos de la acción sindical (2000- 2015)
Authors: Espinal Betanzo José Antonio
Published: July 2017

En este artículo se analiza el desarrollo de las condiciones laborales en la Volkswagen de México, así como las estrategias de los Comités Ejecutivos Sindicales para influir en las mismas durante el período 2000- 2015. La tesis es que las acciones de las direcciones sindicales son la causa que explica la evolución de las prerrogativas de los trabajadores en esa transnacional. El estudio identifica tres sub ciclos en el tiempo considerado. En el primero salarios y prerrogativas crecen; en el segundo los obreros contratados y sus ingresos aumentan, al igual que sus prestaciones sociales; y en el último plantilla, salarios y prestaciones se incrementan. Para llevar a cabo la investigación se realizaron entrevistas a profundidad a trabajadores y dirigentes sindicales, se examinaron el Contrato Colectivo y los Estatutos del sindicato, y se llevó a cabo investigación documental.
Rose Corral, Roberto Arlt, una poética de la disonancia. El Colegio de México, México, 2009; 220 pp.
Authors: Weinberg Liliana
Published: July 2017

Se reseña el libro: Roberto Arlt, una poética de la disonancia
Gallstone ileus - the double challenge: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Banu Petrișor , Constantin Vlad D. , Popa Florian , Nistor Mihaela F. , Motofei Ion G. , Bălălău Cristian
Published: July 2017

Gallstone ileus is a rare condition which occurs as an evolutive complication of biliary lithiasis. It occurs after stone migration from extrahepatic biliary tree to the digestive lumen, mostly through a biliary-enteric fistula. This condition involves repeated inflammatory relapses with the formation of local adhesions and generally requires a long evolution. The vast majority of patients with biliary ileus are third aged women who often have concomitant medical illnesses. Gallstone ileus surgery deals with the two components: bowel obstruction and biliary pole. Obstruction solving is approached as a surgical emergency and it requires an attitude adapted to the local situation. The attitude towards biliary surgery for gallstone ileus is a matter in debate. It could be one-stage surgery, elective surgery or expectancy and its choice is imposed by both local and general condition of the patient. We report the case of a middle-age woman whose first symptom of cholelithiasis was the gallstone ileus. Plain upright abdominal radiography revealed air-fluid levels with distended loops of the small bowel and pneumobilia. Laparotomy was decided and exploration revealed an impacted gallstone into the ileum and dense adhesions were found under the liver region. Enterolithotomy for gallstone removal was made. Postoperative evolution was uneventful with discharge on 7th day.
EFEKTIVITAS PELATIHAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN PENGETAHUAN DAN MOTIVASI BERWIRAUSAHA PADA PENYANDANG TUNARUNGU
Authors: Purnomo Bambang Raditya
Published: July 2017

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melihat efektivitas pelatihan kewirausahaan dalam meningkatkan motivasi berwirausaha pada individu penyandang tuna rungu di Kota Surabaya. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya motivasi berwirausaha individu penyandang tuna rungu sehingga banyak yang menjadi buruh atau bahkan pengangguran. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan design One Group Pre Test Post Test. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuisioner motivasi berwirausaha. Data yang diperoleh melalui kuisioner dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode t Test. Dari analisis data yang dilakukan terlihat bahwa terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan dan motivasi berwirausaha pada individu tunarungu setelah mengikuti pelatihan kewirausahaan.
PERAN ORANGTUA DALAM MENUMBUHKAN INTENSI BERWIRAUSAHA PADA ANAK
Authors: Antawati Dewi Ilma
Published: July 2017

Intensi berwirausaha merupakan salah satu faktor predisposisi yang menentukan perilaku kewirausahaan seseorang. Berbagai aspek menentukan berapa kuat intensi seseorang untuk mewujudkan suatu perilaku, salah satunya adalah lingkungan sosial dalam kehidupan seorang anak, terutama orang tua. Penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa intensi berwirausaha dapat dipupuk sejak dini melalui pendidikan. Sebagai pendidik yang utama, orang tua berperan penting dalam prosesnya. Artikel ini membahas bagaimana peran orang tua dalam menumbuhkan intensi berwirausaha pada anak dengan menggunakan teori-teori intensi yaitu theory of planned behavior.
ANALISIS TINGKAT KESEHATAN BANK SYARIAH SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH SPIN OFF
Authors: Anggraini Rachmania
Published: July 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan antara Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Non Performing Financing (NPF) dan Return On Asset (ROA) sebelum dan sesudah peristiwa spin off pada bank syariah. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada dua bank syariah yaitu PT. BNI Syariah dan PT. BCA Syariah yang melakukan spin off. Periode pengamatan adalah lima tahun dan teknik analisis data menggunakan uji beda paired sample t-test. Hasil temuan penelitian bahwa terdapat perbedaan signifikan DPF sebelum dan sesudah peristiwa spin off sedangkan CAR dan ROA dari kedua bank tersebut tidak terbukti terdapat perbedaan. Implikasi penelitian ini bahwa kinerja bank syariah setelah melakukan spin off mampu menurunkan NPF sehingga tingkat kesehatan bank menjadi lebih baik. Tingkat kesehatan berdasarkan CAR bank syariah tergolong kondisi sehat namun dengan melakukan spin off masih belum mampu menutupi penurunan aktiva sebagai akibat dari kerugian bank karena aktiva yang beresiko sedangkan ROA bagi manajemen bank harus lebih selektif dalam mengelola seluruh aktiva yang tersedia walaupun nilai ROA telah menunjukkan kondisi sehat.
Developing an Electronic Dictionary of Elements and Compounds in Chemistry to Improve the Tenth Graders‟ Pronunciation
Authors: Ibnu Mat
Published: July 2017

Inaccessibility of electronic dictionaries for learning pronunciation of elementsand compounds in Chemistry was found at Semarang State Senior High School 2. Theobserved inaccessibility came from the Chemistry teacher who shared her problemsthat her students got difficulties in pronouncing elements and compounds. Then, theexisting electronic dictionaries were lack of the words they needed. Hence, this studywould like to develop an Electronic Dictionary of Elements and Compounds inChemistry (EDECC) for assisting students, notably the tenth graders of SemarangState Senior High School 2, to improve their pronunciation in learning elements andcompounds. This study employed Research and Development design to develop theEDECC. This design was adopted and modified fromBorg and Gall (2003:772). Sevenstages were employed for developing EDECC were information and research collecting,planning, developing, validating, revising, try out, and producing final EDECC.Observation, interview, validation, and pre-test also post-test were administered tocollect the data while both quantitative and qualitative approaches were used toanalyze the collected data. From the result of observations, questionnaires, validation,interviews, and pre-test and post-testwere found that applying the EDECC gainedpositive perspectives toward teaching and learning process.Moreover, the test ofeffectiveness consisting validity and reliability tests on pretest and posttest employingquasi experimental design reported that there was significant difference between theresult of pretest and posttest. It means that all the result of collected data agreed thatthe EDECC could be implemented in improving the students‟ pronunciation.Keywords : Electronic Dictionary, Teaching Pronunciation, Chemical Elements andCompounds
Integrative Grammar In Teaching Academic Writing The Case Of The Fourth Semester Students Atthe English Department Of IKIP PGRI Semarang
Authors: Ouwpoly Nicolas Lodawik
Published: July 2017

This paper addresses the issue of academic writing teaching by using integrativegrammar to English Department of IKIP PGRI students with the focus on form and meaning. A method of integrative grammar, consisting of three major stages (a) exploration, (b) explanation, and (c) expression (EEE), is proposed. To inform how each of these stages function, several lessons were conducted by using those stages in the class of academic writing as the evidence. The paper describes and discusses the lessons themselves, their rationale, and their implementation of the proposed method.   checklist which was used to describe the activeness of the lecturer taught academic writing byusing EEE methods andquestionnaire conducted before and after the lessons and also the revision of the sillabus and lesson plan usedshowthat students preferred to write academically in L2 using the EEE method which not only focuses onform-based but also meaning-based.
Class Struggle As Represented By The Character Eloi And Morlock In Hebert George Wells’ The Time Machine
Authors: Noviyandini Putri Praciana
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis study analyzed a novel written by Hebert George Wells, The Time Machine.The author talked about the different classes based on society’s economic status, namely upper class and lower class that might cause the class struggle. There were three objectives that were formulated by the writer, 1) to discuss the characterization of the Eloi and Morlock, 2) to present the conflict between Eloi and Morlock, 3) to discuss the class struggle between the upper and lower class in accomplishing their desire as represented by character Eloi and Morlock. In analyzing this novel the writer used the socio-cultural-historical and biographical approach and also the library research to analyze this novel. There were two main character in the novel that represented the upper and lower classes in nineteenth century. They had conflict since hundreds years ago that was the lower class were oppressed by the upper class. It made them bare and did the struggle. This struggle came from the economical, ideological and political background. Since the economical struggle that was increasing the wage and shorting the work hours was not approved, they made the ideological struggle. This struggle found the perfect way to control the upper class. After that, they did the political struggle that served the upper as the cattle and prey them. They also changed the rule which was oppressed to oppress. It recommended for the next researcher to use the same approach and for the teacher to use this novel as learning material.
A SIMPLE AND RAPID LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF LEVOFLOXACIN IN PLASMA
Authors: Kumar A. K. Hemanth , Sudha V. , Ramachandran G
Published: July 2017

Introduction: Levofloxacin (LFX) is one of the second line anti-tuberculosis drugs used in the treatment of multi drug resistant tuberculosis. Monitoring of LFX concentrations in plasma may be valuable to study its pharmacokinetics and drug-drug interaction when co-administered with other anti-tuberculosis drugs. We developed a high performance liquid chromatic method of determination of LFX in plasma.Methodology: The method involved deproteinisation of the sample with perchloric acid and analysis of the supernatant using a reversed-phase C18 column (150mm) and fluorescence detection at an excitation wavelength of 290 nm and an emission wavelength of 460 nm.Results: The assay was specific for LFX and linear from 0.25 to 10.0μg/ml. The relative standard deviation of intra- and inter-day assays was lower than 10%. The average recovery of LFX from plasma was 99%.Conclusion: A sensitive, specific and validated method for quantitative determination of LFX in plasma was developed .Due to its simplicity; the assay can be used for pharmacokinetic studies of LFX.SAARC J TUBER LUNG DIS HIV/AIDS, 2017; XIV(1), page: 27-32
STUDY OF THE CLINNICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND OUTCOMES OF EXUDATIVE PLEURAL EFFUSION: IMPROVING CLINICAL DECISION MAKING IN RESOURCE LIMITED SETTING
Authors: Mishra Deebya Raj , Bhatta N , Koirala P , Ghimire RH , Bista B , Shah N
Published: July 2017

Introduction: In the background of resource limited setting like Nepal, we set out to identify if specific clinical characteristics and basic lab parameters would guide differentiation of Tuberculous from other causes of exudative pleural effusion.Methodology: Retrospective study of 109 consecutive patients with exudative pleural effusion.Results: Compared to Tubercular pleural effusions (41.3%), increased age, increased duration of symptom and increased pack years statistically favoured a diagnosis of Malignant pleural effusion(21.1%), whereas presence of fever, cough and increased pleural ADA levels favoured Tubercular pleural effusions. With regards to Parapneumonic effusions (26.6%), a shorter duration of symptom, smaller effusions, higher pleural Neutrophils, lower pleural lymphocyte neutrophil ratio and lower ADA favoured the diagnosis as compared to Tubercular pleural effusions.Conclusions: The appreciation of important clinical and pleural biochemical differences between Tubercular and other major causes of exudative pleural effusions aids in improved clinical decision making with minimal resources in resource limited settings like ours.SAARC J TUBER LUNG DIS HIV/AIDS, 2017; XIV(1), page: 33-39
MAJOR DEPRESSION AMONG PREGNANT MOTHERS WITH HIV: CORRELATES AND SUGGESTED INTERVENTIONS
Authors: Thiruvalluvan E
Published: July 2017

Introduction: Psychological disturbance particularly depression is common among people living with HIV infection. More so among pregnant mothers due to concerns with regard to safe delivery, transmission of HIV infection to child, worries about the future and so on. Therefore, this study was undertaken to explore and describe the prevalence and correlates of depression in order to plan an appropriate intervention to ensure quality of life to women with HIV and their children.Methodology: Antenatal mothers with HIV infection who attended Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Government Rajaji Hospital, Madurai between December 2007 and September 2008 for parturition were included in the study. Depression was assessed using the center for epidemiology studies depression scale (CES-D). The scale has 20 items, with a 4 point Likert scale scores ranging from 0-3 for each statement.Results: A total of 53 respondents were included in the study. Median age of the respondents was 25 years. Despite availability of services of Voluntary Counselling and Testing Centre (VCTC) only 34 respondents underwent HIV screening Depression score. One tenth of them have experienced major depression. Sixteen respondents were depressed on knowing their HIV status, 22 respondents were shocked on receiving of positive results while six respondents attempted to commit suicide. Feeling of discrimination (p-0.003) and thought of abortion after knowing the HIV positive status (p-.003) had significant influence in experience of major depression.Conclusion: Quality of services of counsellors at antenatal clinics need to be improved and encouraged to periodically assess the psychological needs of antenatal / pregnant mothers. Sensitizing women on methods of family planning should begin during pregnancy and in the post natal period. Referral services should be strengthened further for timely intervention.SAARC J TUBER LUNG DIS HIV/AIDS, 2017; XIV(1), Page: 40-45
Editorial Vol.14(1)
Authors: Bichha R. P.
Published: July 2017

SAARC J TUBER LUNG DIS HIV/AIDS, 2017; XIV(1)
A Micromechanical Model to Estimate Borehole Collapse Pressure
Authors: Ghasempour Nader , Moosavi Mahdi , Aghighi Mohammad Ali
Published: July 2017

Borehole collapse is predicted by common rock failure criteriadespite they give conservative results due to some simplificationof rock behavior. It is the source of many difficulties in implementationof oil well, underground structures and foundations.Utilizing damage theory could improve the conservancy of rockfailure criterion. Damage theory considers loss of functionrather than loss of strength. Unlike criteria which were derivedfrom plasticity that assume yielding point as the limit of functionalityof rock, damage theory uses a state between failureand yielding in stress-strain diagram as the limit of the rockapplicability. In this study, a new model is proposed to predictminimum borehole pressure based on rock damage theory. Themodel is verified by actual wellbore data. The proposed modelpredicts minimum borehole pressure close to actual data andmore accurate than Mohr-coulomb and Mogi-Coulomb criteria.
Attenuation of Red Blood Cell Storage Lesions with Vitamin C
Authors: Sanford Kimberly , Fisher Bernard , Fowler Evan , Fowler Alpha , Natarajan Ramesh
Published: July 2017

Stored red blood cells (RBCs) undergo oxidative stress that induces deleterious metabolic, structural, biochemical, and molecular changes collectively referred to as “storage lesions”. We hypothesized that vitamin C (VitC, reduced or oxidized) would reduce red cell storage lesions, thus prolonging their storage duration. Whole-blood-derived, leuko-reduced, SAGM (saline-adenine-glucose-mannitol)-preserved RBC concentrates were equally divided into four pediatric storage bags and the following additions made: (1) saline (saline); (2) 0.3 mmol/L reduced VitC (Lo VitC); (3) 3 mmol/L reduced VitC (Hi VitC); or (4) 0.3 mmol/L oxidized VitC (dehydroascorbic acid, DHA) as final concentrations. Biochemical and rheological parameters were serially assessed at baseline (prior to supplementation) and Days 7, 21, 42, and 56 for RBC VitC concentration, pH, osmotic fragility by mechanical fragility index, and percent hemolysis, LDH release, glutathione depletion, RBC membrane integrity by scanning electron microscopy, and Western blot for β-spectrin. VitC exposure (reduced and oxidized) significantly increased RBC antioxidant status with varying dynamics and produced trends in reduction in osmotic fragility and increases in membrane integrity. Conclusion: VitC partially protects RBC from oxidative changes during storage. Combining VitC with other antioxidants has the potential to improve long-term storage of RBC.
Multi-Objective Scheduling Optimization Based on a Modified Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II in Voltage Source Converter−Multi-Terminal High Voltage DC Grid-Connected Offshore Wind Farms with Battery Energy Storage Systems
Authors: Kim Ho-Young , Kim Mun-Kyeom , Kim San
Published: July 2017

Improving the performance of power systems has become a challenging task for system operators in an open access environment. This paper presents an optimization approach for solving the multi-objective scheduling problem using a modified non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm in a hybrid network of meshed alternating current (AC)/wind farm grids. This approach considers voltage and power control modes based on multi-terminal voltage source converter high-voltage direct current (MTDC) and battery energy storage systems (BESS). To enhance the hybrid network station performance, we implement an optimal process based on the battery energy storage system operational strategy for multi-objective scheduling over a 24 h demand profile. Furthermore, the proposed approach is formulated as a master problem and a set of sub-problems associated with the hybrid network station to improve the overall computational efficiency using Benders’ decomposition. Based on the results of the simulations conducted on modified institute of electrical and electronics engineers (IEEE-14) bus and IEEE-118 bus test systems, we demonstrate and confirm the applicability, effectiveness and validity of the proposed approach.
Production of Cow’s Milk Free from Beta-Casein A1 and Its Application in the Manufacturing of Specialized Foods for Early Infant Nutrition
Authors: Duarte-Vázquez Miguel , García-Ugalde Carlos , Villegas-Gutiérrez Laura , García-Almendárez Blanca , Rosado Jorge
Published: July 2017

Beta-casein (BC) is frequently expressed as BC A2 and BC A1 in cow’s milk. Gastrointestinal digestion of BC A1 results in the release of the opioid peptide beta-casomorphin 7 (BCM7) which is less likely to occur from BC A2. This work was aimed to produce milk containing BC A2 with no BC A1 (BC A2 milk) using genetically selected CSN2 A2A2 Jersey cows. Additionally, we aimed to develop an infant formula (IF) suitable for healthy full-term infants during the first six months of life based on BC A2 milk. The concentration of BCM7 released from BC A2 IF, from commercially available IFs as well as from human milk and raw cow’s milk was evaluated after simulated gastrointestinal digestion (SGID). BC A2 IF presented the lowest mean relative abundance of BC A1 (IF 1 = 0.136 ± 0.010), compared with three commercially available IFs (IF 2 = 0.597 ± 0.020; IF 3 = 0.441 ± 0.014; IF 4 = 0.503 ± 0.011). Accordingly, SGID of whole casein fraction from BC A2 IF resulted in a significantly lower release of BCM7 (IF 1 = 0.860 ± 0.014 µg/100 mL) compared to commercially available IFs (IF 2 = 2.625 ± 0.042 µg/100 mL; IF 3 = 1.693 ± 0.012 µg/100 mL; IF 4 = 1.962 ± 0.067 µg/100 mL). Nevertheless, BCM7 levels from BC A2 IF were significantly higher than those found in SGID hydrolysates of BC A2 raw milk (0.742 ± 0.008 µg/100 mL). Interestingly, results showed that BCM7 was also present in human milk in significantly lower amounts (0.697 ± 0.007 µg/100 mL) than those observed in IF 1 and BC A2 milk. This work demonstrates that using BC A2 milk in IF formulation significantly reduces BCM7 formation during SGID. Clinical implications of BC A2 IF on early infant health and development need further investigations.
Transcriptome Differences in Porcine Alveolar Macrophages from Tongcheng and Large White Pigs in Response to Highly Pathogenic Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) Infection
Authors: Liang Wan , Ji Likai , Zhang Yu , Zhen Yueran , Zhang Qingde , Xu Xuewen , Liu Bang
Published: July 2017

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus that can cause devastating reproductive failure and respiratory tract lesions, which has led to serious damage to the swine industry worldwide. Our previous studies have indicated that Tongcheng (TC) pigs, a Chinese local breed, have stronger resistance or tolerance to PRRSV infection than Large White (LW) pigs. This study aims to investigate their host transcriptome differences in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) at 7 days post challenge. Transcriptome profiling of PAMs from PRRSV infected and control pigs of these two breeds were performed using RNA-sequencing. For both breeds, there were 1257 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in response to PRRSV infection, involving hepatic fibrosis/hepatic stellate cell activation, phospholipase C, and granulocyte adhesion and diapedesis pathways. For TC pig, 549 specific DEGs were identified, including VAV2, BCL2 and BAX, which were enriched in activation of leukocyte extravasation and suppression of apoptosis. While, 898 specific DEGs were identified in LW pigs, including GNAQ, GNB5, GNG2, CALM4 and RHOQ, which were involved in suppression of Gαq and PI3K-AKT signaling. This study provides an insight into the transcriptomic comparison of resistant and susceptible pigs to PRRSV infection. TC pigs may promote the extravasation and migration of leukocytes to defend against PRRSV infections and suppress apoptosis of the infected macrophages to increase antigen presentation, thereby reducing the lung lesions.
The Role of Ghrelin and Ghrelin Signaling in Aging
Authors: Amitani Marie , Amitani Haruka , Cheng Kai-Chun , Kairupan Timothy Sean , Sameshima Nanami , Shimoshikiryo Ippei , Mizuma Kimiko , Rokot Natasya Trivena , Nerome Yasuhito , Owaki Tetsuhiro , Asakawa Akihiro , Inui Akio
Published: July 2017

With our aging society, more people hope for a long and healthy life. In recent years, researchers have focused on healthy longevity factors. In particular, calorie restriction delays aging, reduces mortality, and extends life. Ghrelin, which is secreted during fasting, is well known as an orexigenic peptide. Because ghrelin is increased by caloric restriction, ghrelin may play an important role in the mechanism of longevity mediated by calorie restriction. In this review, we will discuss the role of orexigenic peptides with a particular focus on ghrelin. We conclude that the ghrelin-growth hormone secretagogue-R signaling pathway may play an important role in the anti-aging mechanism.
Myrcia splendens (Sw.) DC. (syn. M. fallax (Rich.) DC.) (Myrtaceae) Essential Oil from Amazonian Ecuador: A Chemical Characterization and Bioactivity Profile
Authors: Scalvenzi Laura , Grandini Alessandro , Spagnoletti Antonella , Tacchini Massimo , Neill David , Ballesteros José , Sacchetti Gianni , Guerrini Alessandra
Published: July 2017

In this study, we performed the chemical characterization of Myrcia splendens (Sw.) DC. (Myrtaceae) essential oil from Amazonian Ecuador and the assessment of its bioactivity in terms of cytotoxic, antibacterial, and antioxidant activity as starting point for possible applicative uses. M. splendens essential oil, obtained by hydro-distillation, was analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID): the major components were found to be trans-nerolidol (67.81%) and α-bisabolol (17.51%). Furthermore, we assessed the cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 (breast), A549 (lung) human tumor cell lines, and HaCaT (human keratinocytes) non-tumor cell line through 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test: promising results in terms of selectivity and efficacy against the MCF-7 cell line (IC50 of 5.59 ± 0.13 μg/mL at 48 h) were obtained, mainly due to α-bisabolol. Furthermore, antibacterial activity against Gram positive and negative bacteria were performed through High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) bioautographic assay and microdilution method: trans-nerolidol and β-cedren-9-one were the main molecules responsible for the low antibacterial effects against human pathogens. Nevertheless, interesting values of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) were noticeable against phytopathogen strains. Radical scavenging activity performed by HPTLC bioautographic and spectrophotometric 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) approaches were negligible. In conclusion, the essential oil revealed a good potential for plant defense and anti-cancer applications.
The Paradox of Ingestion of Dietary Cholesterol in “Vegans”
Authors: Antoniazzi Luiza , Acosta-Navarro Julio
Published: July 2017

Recently, Clarys et al. [1] published a study comparing dietary intake of individuals following different dietary patterns (Vegan, Vegetarian, Semi-Vegetarian, Pesco-Vegetarian and Omnivorous Diet).[...]
Food Web Responses to Artificial Mixing in a Small Boreal Lake
Authors: Arvola Lauri , Rask Martti , Forsius Martin , Ala-Opas Pasi , Keskitalo Jorma , Kulo Katja , Kurkilahti Mika , Lehtovaara Anja , Sairanen Samuli , Salo Simo , Saloranta Tuomo , Verta Matti , Vesala Sami
Published: July 2017

In order to simulate food web responses of small boreal lakes to changes in thermal stratification due to global warming, a 4 year whole-lake manipulation experiment was performed. Within that time, period lake mixing was intensified artificially during two successive summers. Complementary data from a nearby lake of similar size and basic water chemistry were used as a reference. Phytoplankton biomass and chlorophyll a did not respond to the greater mixing depth but an increase was observed in the proportional abundance of diatoms, and the proportional abundance of cryptophytes also increased immediately after the onset of mixing. Obligate anoxic green sulphur bacteria vanished at the onset of mixing but gradually recovered after re-establishment of hypolimnetic anoxic conditions. No major effect on crustacean zooplankton was found, but their diversity increased in the metalimnion. During the mixing, the density of rotifers declined but protozoan density increased in the hypolimnion. Littoral benthic invertebrate density increased during the mixing due to Ephemeroptera, Asellus aquaticus and Chironomidae, whereas the density of Chaoborus larvae declined during mixing and lower densities were still recorded one year after the treatment. No structural changes in fish community were found although gillnet catches increased after the onset of the study. The early growth of perch (Perca fluviatilis) increased compared to the years before the mixing and in comparison to the reference lake, suggesting improved food availability in the experimental lake. Although several food web responses to the greater mixing depth were found, their persistence and ecological significance were strongly dependent on the extent of the disturbance. To better understand the impacts of wind stress on small lakes, long term whole-lake experiments are needed.
Olympic Experiences: the Significance of Place
Authors: Smith Andrew , Brown Graham , Assaker Guy
Published: July 2017

Many studies analyze how events affect places, but few examine how places affect events. Existing research suggests that the physical qualities of a venue affect event experiences, but these studies often ignore subtler dimensions of place such as symbolism, affect, and identity. By
narrowly focusing on venues, existing research also tends to neglect the fact that event places are perceived at a wider scale also (e.g., the host destination). Whether these wider place factors affect event experiences is the main question addressed by this study. The research involved a
quantitative study of spectators who attended the London 2012 Olympic Games. The authors developed and tested a complex model that hypothesized the effects of place on satisfaction using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). After permissions were gained from the International
Olympic Committee and the London Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games, data were collected from over 600 people attending Olympic events. Research was undertaken at three different types of venue: The Aquatics Centre (a purpose-built venue), Greenwich Park (a temporary venue), and Wimbledon
(an established venue). The findings showed that both venue attachment and place defined at the wider scale (at the destination level) had significant positive effects on event satisfaction. In addition, we found evidence that the different types of venues—purpose built, temporary, and
established—moderated the relationship between venue attachment and event satisfaction. The results support venue attachment as a second-order factor and demonstrate the role of place symbolism within a four-dimensional conceptualization of place attachment. Ultimately, the research
suggests that where an event is staged does affect event satisfaction, and this has important implications for the ways the Olympic Games and other large-scale events are staged.