bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INFLUÊNCIA DO SISTEMA DE PRODUÇÃO NA PRODUTIVIDADE DE LEITE NO INTERIOR DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO, BRASIL
Authors: Cânovas Delfino João Lucas , Magnani Grassi Thiago Luís , Giglio Ponsano Elisa Helena , de Paula Nogueira Guilherme
Published: May 2021

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a influência do sistema de produção sobre a produtividade de leite em propriedades rurais da microrregião de Birigui, São Paulo, Brasil. O estudo se baseou em coleta de dados dos sistemas de produção de leite da região citada, por meio de entrevista estruturada. Realizou-se amostragem por conveniência, sendo escolhidos 15 produtores de cada estrato produtivo (de acordo com a produção diária de leite: pequeno - até 100 L; médio - 101 a 300 L; grande - mais de 300 L), totalizando uma amostra com 45 produtores de leite. Apenas propriedades com base da alimentação volumosa em sistema de pastejo ou, no máximo, em semicofinamento participaram da pesquisa. Para avaliação da influência de diferentes fatores sobre a produtividade de leite, realizou-se regressão multivariada e análise de variância multivariada com pós-teste de Tukey. A produtividade verificada (média ± desvio padrão), que representa a variável resposta do estudo, foi de 6.274,9 ± 4.981,4 L/ha/ano. Com a análise estatística, pôde-se identificar a base da alimentação volumosa e a produção de leite por dia de intervalo entre partos como variáveis preditoras que influenciam a produtividade, sendo que a primeira foi a que exerceu maior influência sobre a variável resposta. Foi observado que não houve diferença (p>0,05) entre a produtividade média das propriedades que utilizavam pastejo rotativo e das que forneciam volumoso no cocho, porém, em ambas, a produtividade foi superior (p<0,05) às médias de produtividade das propriedades que usavam pastejo contínuo e das que usavam pastejo alternado, sendo que estas não diferiram entre si (p>0,05). Em relação à base da alimentação volumosa, os resultados indicam a importância do manejo adequado de pastagens e demonstram a viabilidade da utilização, para produção de leite, de pastejo rotativo em vez de semiconfinamento. Quanto à produção de leite por dia de intervalo entre partos, os resultados denotam a importância da atenção à produção e à reprodução de forma conjunta, e não de forma isolada, para que haja eficiência produtiva no sistema. O foco do trabalho de produtores, técnicos, pesquisadores e outros participantes da cadeia produtiva do leite deve ser a sustentabilidade e o bem-estar animal.
Computer-Aided Prediction for Printable Density Limits of Additively-Manufactured Direction-Wise Stretch-Dominated Strut-Based Lattice Structures
Authors: TANLAK Niyazi
Published: May 2021

When topologies of the bending-dominated lattices are strengthened by introducing a strut being oriented in one cubic direction, the lattice structures may behave like a stretch-dominated one in that direction. Because of this potential, they are of interest to engineers demanding anisotropic advanced materials. But their manufacturability is as important as the mechanical advantage they can present. To manufacture these lattice structures, additive manufacturing methods like powder bed fusion are widely used. Yet, there are limits for printing these structures. In this study, taking machine precision and powder lump size relative to the unit-cell size as main factors, the printable density range was found for the first-time for the lattice structures strengthened by adding a strut in one direction. Results indicated that the printable relative density range shifted upward in comparison to lattices which were not strengthened.
Aplicación de ethephon en una población de mezquite (Prosopis spp.) para la extracción de goma en Naica, Chihuahua, México
Authors: Magaña-Magaña / José Eduardo , Sánchez-Bernal Jorge Alberto , González-Anchondo María Elvira , Baray-Guerrero María del Rosario
Published: May 2021

The objective of the research was to extract gum from the mesquite plant, for this, a plant hormone in concentration of 10%, 10.85, 15%, 20%, 25% was used. It was applied to cuts of trunk and secondary branches of trees. The results indicated that 100% of the treated plants produced gum. The duration of the hormone's effect on gum production was nine weeks. Harvests were made every three weeks. No plant showed signs of damage or deterioration. It was observed that as the tree has a greater perimeter of the stem, it produces a greater amount of gum. It was also observed that the plant hormone apparently did not cause biological damage to the leaves and pods according to visual observation compared to other trees without treatment. The proximal chemical analysis that both mesquite and huizache gums have similarity and even improve the parameters required by the Food and Drug Administration for the use of gum arabic in the food industry. The production and harvest periods are from February to June and from September to December. There is an estimated average production of around 180 gr per tree production season.
Kent İçi Sanayi Alanlarının Çevresel Kaliteye Etkileri: Konya Şeker Fabrikası Örneği
Authors: YAVUZ Fadim
Published: May 2021

Problem: Sanayi alanları kent/bölge/ülke ekonomisine yönelik sundukları ekonomik faydaların yanı sıra mikro bölgeleri ve/veya kentleri bir takım çevre sorunları ile de karşı karşıya bırakabilmektedir. Konya Şeker Fabrikası 1954 yılından günümüze kadar sadece Konya kenti ölçeğinde değil bölgesel ve ulusal ölçekte ekonomik büyüme, istihdam ve iş fırsatları gibi birçok başarıya yol açmıştır. Fakat kurulduğu dönemde yerleşimlerden uzak bir konumda iken kentteki nüfus/kentsel yerleşik alan artışı beraberinde kent içi bir sanayi alanı haline gelen fabrika alanı aynı zamanda yakın çevresinde çevresel kaliteyi, dolayısıyla kentlinin yaşam kalitesini düşürebilecek çeşitli çevresel ve sosyal sorunlara da yol açmıştır. Amaç: Bu makale Konya Şeker Fabrikası’nın çevresel kalite bağlamında kente ve kentliye etkilerini fabrika alanının yakın çevresinde yaşayan yerleşik halkın perspektifinden araştırmaktadır. Yöntem: Bu bağlamda halkın fabrika kaynaklı sorunları önemseme düzeylerini, çevresel kalite sorunlarını bertaraf etme amacıyla fabrika alanının kentten uzaklaştırılması önerisine ilişkin yaklaşımlarını ve alanın sanayi işlevini yitirmesi halinde kamu yararı doğrultusunda kazanabileceği yeni işlev önerilerini mahalleler bazında karşılaştırmalı belirlemeyi amaçlayan kapsamlı bir anket uygulaması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bulgu ve Sonuçlar: Bulgular katılımcıların; (1) fabrikanın ekonomik faaliyetlerinden genelde memnun olduklarını, (2) ancak alanın yakın çevresinde hava kalitesinin çok düşük olduğunu, (3) katılımcıların
fabrika alanından kaynaklı çevresel rahatsızlıklarının (hava, gürültü, çevre ve görüntü kirliliği vb.) ve sağlık kaygılarının oldukça fazla olduğunu, (4) pek çok insana iş imkânı sağlamasına karşın şeker fabrikasının çevreye olan olumsuz etkileri nedeniyle şehir dışına çıkarılmasının katılımcılar tarafından gerekli görüldüğünü, (5) bu durumda âtıl kalacak alanın kamu yararına (sosyo-kültürel alan, üniversite alanı, festival/fuar alanı, park, ağaçlandırılacak alan vb.) düzenlenmesinin istendiğini göstermektedir. Bu çalışma Konya Şeker Fabrikası’nın çevresel kaliteye olumsuz etkilerini bertaraf etmede yöneticilere ve planlama otoritelerine katkı sağlayacak niteliktedir.
gestão de documentos e tramitação de processos na administração pública, com a utilização do Sistema Eletrônico de Informações – SEI
Authors: Silva Leandro Gonçalves , Souza Rosália Beber de
Published: May 2021

O Sistema Eletrônico de Informações é atualmente a principal ferramenta que a administração pública utiliza para a gestão de documentos e tramitação de processos. O sistema foi desenvolvido pelo Tribunal Regional Federal da quarta região e é o principal produto do projeto Processo Eletrônico Nacional que viabiliza uma infraestrutura de processo eletrônico e promove a modernização da gestão pública. Por meio do SEI é possível criar, assinar, tramitar e gerenciar toda massa documental remotamente, gerando eficiência e promovendo a publicidade dos atos processuais. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo teve como principal objetivo analisar as principais contribuições, riscos e limitações da utilização do SEI na gestão de documentos e tramitação de processos na Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo de caso com a Comissão de Gestão e Acompanhamento do SEI na instituição, por meio de realização de entrevistas e levantamento documental, com obtenção de análise satisfatória do objetivo pretendido. A partir disso, conclui-se que o sistema contribui significativamente com a economia de recursos e a eficiência do serviço público na instituição. Em relação aos riscos e limitações, eles se situam em torno da gestão documental. Por ele não ser considerado um Sistema Informatizado de Gestão Arquivística de Documentos, o sistema coloca em risco as informações nele produzidas, exigindo que medidas efetivas de atualização sejam implementadas para sanar as incoerências encontradas.
Przygodny czas Eliasa
Authors: Michalak Dominika
Published: May 2021

The article aims at a reconstruction of Norbert Elias’s theory of time, as presented in Time: An Essay. The author stresses the importance of the ontological and existential questions posed by Elias or implied by his concept. Referring to Elias’s earlier works and to critical interpretations, the author attempts to answer three questions: According to Elias, what is time in social practice? What are Elias’s key ontological arguments about time? What does Elias’s theory of time imply about the human condition?
Naród jako forma ucywilizowania. Przyczynek do ﬁguracji narodu polskiego
Authors: Peisert Arkadiusz
Published: May 2021

This article was inspired by the book Studien über die Deutschen [Studies on the Germans] in which Norbert Elias encourages his readers to make sociological descriptions of the habitus of other nations. It is not only a matter of once again relearning lessons from history, but to look at them from the sociological perspective of ﬁguration theory. The author’s aim is to make an initial outline of the research perspective that would combine the macro-sociological changes of Polish society with experience at the micro-sociological level (Łuczewski) or even the biographies of individuals (Bończa-Tomaszewski). For example, the inﬂuence of the partitions on Poles’ mentality is part of common knowledge, but it has not been (perhaps precisely for this reason) addressed sociologically. These considerations inevitably lead the author to ask what, in essence, is a nation and what national consciousness is. In conclusion, the author proposes hypothetical main motifs for describing the Polish habitus.
Partia „Trudno Powiedzieć” na Ukrainie. Co o ukraińskim społeczeństwie mówi uchylanie się od odpowiedzi w badaniach sondażowych
Authors: Konieczna-Sałamatin Joanna
Published: May 2021

The aim of this analysis was to determine why, in public opinion surveys in Ukraine, a decidedly larger proportion of respondents than in countries of western and central Europe do not have their own opinion. The author believes that the causes are primarily two popular attitudes in the Ukraine: (1) the conviction that it doesn’t make sense for an ‘ordinary person’ to think about public affairs, because he has no chance to effect any sort of change; and (2) lack of trust in the survey-taker and the associated sense of the situation as being a sensitive one. The author’s inquiries reveal a higher degree of political alienation in Ukraine than in the majority of EU countries, and a lower level of civic engagement. At the same time, the author expresses the view that the revolution of 2013/2014 probably testiﬁes to the fact that in the last few years the sense of detachment has decreased and will continue to diminish.
Świadomość narodowa w zmieniającym się społeczeństwie ukraińskim na przykładzie Ukraińców, Rosjan i Bułgarów na Zaporożu
Authors: Karnaukh Alla
Published: May 2021

The article contains a synthesis of analyses and research into national consciousness conducted in the years 2010–2012 among local multiethnic communities in Zaporozhye, which is an area near the Ukrainian-Russian border. In Ukraine, as in the majority of post-Soviet states, there are many people who have considerable difficulty in defining their national consciousness: they are undecided as to their national allegiance and are culturally attached to two or more nations or elements of their culture. It is difficult at this time to foresee whether in the end they will declare themselves for one national consciousness to the exclusion of others, or if a new community will emerge. The present processes of forming the national consciousness of contemporary Ukrainians reflect the influence of historical events and the current policies of the state.
Rosyjskojęzyczny patriotyzm ukraiński. O zmianie funkcji języka rosyjskiego na Ukrainie pod wpływem Euromajdanu i wojny w Donbasie
Authors: Studenna-Skrukwa Marta
Published: May 2021

This article analyzes the phenomenon of Ukrainian Russian-language patriotism. In the first part, the author concentrates on the socio-linguistic situation in Ukraine since 1991. The next part contains a brief description of language policy in Ukraine in the 1990s and at the beginning of the 21st century, and presents the attitude of contemporary Ukrainian society to the Russian language. The main part of the text presents the changes in perception of the Russian language that have occurred in Ukraine as a consequence of the anti-regime protests at the end of 2013 and beginning of 2014 and then Russia’s violation of the country’s territorial integrity. The author predicts that the Russian language will not only continue to be widely represented in the Ukrainian public sphere, but will also form part of Ukraine’s cultural heritage. At the same time, she suggests that it is likely that the Russian language in Ukraine will become an object for expressions of resentment, contempt, or even hatred toward Russia.
Wykorzystanie konsultacji społecznych w procesie tworzenia modelu muzeum partycypacyjnego
Authors: Kwiatkowski Piotr Tadeusz , Pokrzywa Anna , Nessel-Łukasik Beata
Published: May 2021

The subject of this article is the use of public consultations in the process of planning a participatory museum. The authors start by mentioning current discussions about participation in culture and debates among museum curators, culture experts, and sociologists concerning a new type of museum. In this context, they present Nina Simon’s idea of a participatory museum, which is a theoretic frame of reference for the long-term activities of the Józef Piłsudski Museum in Sulejówek, an institution desiring to establish a modern participatory museum in a certain social context. At the end, the results of the public consultations are presented. The data shows that one condition for the creation of a participatory museum is an effective, institutionalized, interactive system of communication. Three areas connected with the local community in which the museum could develop participatory projects were also indicated: the joint creation of memorial sites, community integration, and exhibition and educational activities.
Społeczeństwo konsumpcyjne w ujęciu Zygmunta Baumana
Authors: Iwasiński Łukasz
Published: May 2021

The aim of this article is to analyze the concept of a consumer society, based primarily on the work of Zygmunt Bauman. Bauman’s works synthesize and modernize previous ideas about this type of society. The article presents the most important of Bauman’s thoughts on the issue, including the imperative of choice, the totality of commodification, praise for transience, and permanent insatiety. These ideas are subjected to critical analysis and illustrated with examples drawn from existing sources and the author’s own observations.
Darwin et consortes: mit Darwina w kulturze współczesnej
Authors: Manterys Aleksander
Published: May 2021

Dominika Oramus’s book Darwinowskie paradygmaty: mit teorii ewolucji w kulturze współczesnej [Darwinian Paradigms: The Myth of the Theory of Evolution in Contemporary Culture] is an attempt to trace Darwin’s theory of evolution in today’s world. The presence of this idea is noted in numerous complexes of fact and fiction, which are transformations of the original theory of evolution. These are the stuff of cultural production, whose creations shape individual and collective representations in almost every area of human activity. Commentary on Oramus’s findings is placed in the context of the disputes—ever present in the social sciences—over the reception of Darwin’s theory.
Siły motoryczne rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego: refleksje na kanwie koncepcji Acemoglu-Robinsona
Authors: Kamiński Antoni Z. , Kamiński Bartłomiej
Published: May 2021

This paper critically assesses Acemoglu and Robinson’s framework for examining economic development. The framework is applied to cases taken from a period of more than two thousand years, yet it—and consequently its implementation—suffer from serious methodological flaws. First, the authors fail to define their basic concepts and terms precisely. Their choice of critical junctures generating breakthroughs is similarly limited to those that produced changes but ignores others that did not. Furthermore, their major claim that institutions are the only determinant of prosperity does not withstand scrutiny. Other factors, including the much-criticized ones of culture and geography, may be shown to be more critical under some circumstances. Last but not least, their failure to establish links between their framework and the literature on democracy and capitalism is rather striking. Juxtaposing their analysis and this literature could generate new insights. Nevertheless, this is not to suggest that their framework is ‘old wine in new bottles’. To the contrary, their analysis will undoubtedly stimulate further research into the complexity of relations between political and economic institutions and their impact on social and economic development.
Konstruowanie tożsamości w warunkach obcości kulturowej. Przypadek małoletnich uchodźców z Czeczenii w Polsce
Authors: Kość-Ryżko Katarzyna
Published: May 2021

Research conducted by the author in the years 2009–2014 among the children of refugees from Chechnya has shown that what is most important in terms of their functioning in the new culture occurs primarily in the family/ethnic environment, in the process of enculturation. This means that even though manifestations of progressing acculturation may be observed in the external sphere, this does not guarantee that the process is also occurring in the internal sphere of attitudes, convictions, and values. In this connection the writer’s attention was drawn to how under-age refugees from post-Soviet lands create a sense of identity and ethnic belonging. In particular, she considered the degree to which being a refugee and the situation in which these children ﬁnd themselves have a formative inﬂuence on their self-identiﬁcation. External indicators of ethnic, cultural, and religious identiﬁcation were also analyzed. The author has thereby established the model—based on the two alternative strategies of reconstruction and deconstruction—by which young refugees create their self-identiﬁcation.
Socjologia polskich podróży do krajów byłego ZSRR. Dwa przykłady
Authors: Zarycki Tomasz
Published: May 2021

This article analyzes two recently published books, by Agata Bachórz and Anna Horolets, on the travels of Polish tourists in countries of the former Soviet Union. These works point to the formation of a mature Polish school of research into discourse on niche tourism. They have been read as complementary analyses of an important social phenomenon which has not previously been studied: a fairly speciﬁc type of tourist travel toward the East (in the broad sense). Attention is called to the importance of such analyses for studying the identity of the Polish intelligentsia and further for understanding the signiﬁcance of the notional East and West for Polish national identity in terms of the long duration.
Chłopska pamięć wojny na przykładzie fotograﬁi Feliksa Łukowskiego
Authors: Bogumił Zuzanna
Published: May 2021

The author considers selected photography of the amateur photographer Feliks Łukowski, from the period of the Second World War. The photos were taken in Łukowski’s native village and in nearby localities during the German occupation. They are presented with the results of ﬁeld research conducted in July 2015 in the Zamojść area in order to show how what is remembered by witnesses departs from what was captured in the photos. The author attempts to explain the source of that divergence and also to show how useful a sociological analysis of photography can be in determining the meanings produced by the images it preserves. The aim of these reﬂections is to emphasize the characteristic traits and functioning of peasant memory.
Uliczni „przedsiębiorcy”, czyli spór o widzialność w przestrzeni publicznej miasta
Authors: Kowalczyk Beata
Published: May 2021

This text is an attempt at a sociological description of the phenomenon of street trading as a form of (in)visible presence in the public space of the city. Street traders are (in)visible in the sense that, in breaking the legal regulations setting the frame for public visibility, they must be invisible to the apparatus of power in order to avoid fines and ensure their ability to achieve their aims, their livelihoods. On the one hand, street traders balance on the edge of the law, transgressing the public order, and on the other hand, they are active creators of its (in)visible portion, metaphorically speaking—protesters against the established socio-cultural structures but in reality people seeking the means to survive.
Czy widzialność jest gwarancją sukcesu? Skuteczność działań marketingowych w przestrzeni miejskiej
Authors: Dobrołowicz Michał
Published: May 2021

This article addresses the question of whether the visibility of specific brands in large cities always supports the economic success of the firms to which they belong. The author discusses the issue—which borders on sociology, psychology, and practical wisdom about marketing activities—in the light of four theoretical concepts. The first is George Frank’s idea of the ‘economy of attention’, wherein attention is a good, which, contrary to other economic resources, does not have a substitute and is very hard to replace with anything else. The second concerns the type of audience reached by the visual marketing messages presented in cities. The third perspective is related to the concept of the ‘culture of distraction’, whose characteristic trait is the problem that individuals have in concentrating their attention on one object for a longer period of time. The fourth plane on which answers are sought is how the issue of visibility is overlooked in marketing campaigns. The key idea for this part of the analysis is Henry Jenkins’ spreadability’. In conclusion, the author ponders the case of an ad campaign appealing to a sense other than that of sight. In this regard the author refers to the osmosociological perspective described by Marek S. Szczepański and Weronika Ślęzak-Tazbir, among others.
Bezdomność (nie)oswojona. Adaptacja i nieprzystosowanie do bezdomności z perspektywy osób bezdomnych
Authors: Nóżka Marcjanna
Published: May 2021

As a social, cultural, and legal construct, homelessness is a diverse state with inclusive and exclusive elements. It may be accepted or rejected by the person affected. The way the homeless see the world is conditioned by the multitude of ways in which they experience homelessness. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the relationship between the sense of being excluded and the spatial and social mobility of homeless persons. The author points out that whether the homeless see themselves and their life situation as being acceptable or unacceptable has an effect on their mental mapping of space. On the basis of her own research, the author shows the variety of ‘worlds’ through which homeless people move. She then demonstrates the complexity of the experience of homelessness and of growing accustomed to that state—all of which provides a better understanding of the idea of residence.
Kultura teraźniejszości w ujęciu globalnym i lokalnym
Authors: Tarkowska Elżbieta
Published: May 2021

The author characterizes the spread of nowist culture as a global phenomenon consisting in the compression of the time frame and the emergence of an extended present absorbing the past and the future into the compact time of global society. These results of the impact of technological development, the spread of communication technologies, new media, consumption culture, the market, and advertising have a negative influence on the life of the individual, the permanency of culture, and the transmission of knowledge. The author claims that we must therefore discover anew the value of permanency. Local factors have a modifying influence on global processes. In Polish society these are historically conditioned elements of the presentist culture (the communist heritage, the domination of peasant culture, the weakness of urban culture, Catholic culture) and the effects of the systemic transformation. When time was discovered to be an economically measurable value, its place came to be occupied by work. People higher on the economic ladder are characterized by a deficit of time, in contrast to lower income groups, who rather suffer from an excess of time. The author emphasizes that time could become a source of social inequalities in nowist culture.
Społeczny i kulturowy wymiar nowych inicjatyw miejskich na przykładzie dzielnicy Ochota (fragmenty raportu z ostatnich badań)
Authors: Tarkowska Elżbieta
Published: May 2021

This article contains portions of a report on research conducted in 2015 by the individual in-depth interview method with inhabitants of Ochota and local activists. The authors decided to look at the specifics of metropolitan culture in Poland—at changes occurring in the infrastructure of cultural life, cultural practices, and forms of participation in culture. The first part of the article is devoted to the history of the district and the characteristics of its inhabitants. In analyzing the answers, the researchers noticed the phenomenon of Old Ochota—a district with a long, rich history, in which many signs of local patriotism could be observed. They discovered that the local cultural offerings were rich and they raised the question of whether culture could be an instrument countering social exclusion. They decided that participation in culture only minimally serves such an aim. The offerings satisfy the needs of elderly people, who constitute a large part of Ochota’s population, but they do not reach children and young people in general. The interviewees also perceive that there are various marginalized social groups that should be encompassed by new forms of activeness and grassroots social self-organization.
Czas społeczny w okresie przemian, czyli o nowych zróżnicowaniach społeczeństwa polskiego
Authors: Tarkowska Elżbieta
Published: May 2021

The author draws attention to the appearance of a new source of differentiations in Polish society at the beginning of the 1990s—the clearly perceptible and subjective sense of an uneven distribution of time. She uses the varying lifestyles and associated temporal orientations observed by Polish sociologists in the 1970s as a reference point: the conservative style, looking to the past; the innovative style, or susceptibility to change; and the ‘today’ style, that is, an orientation toward the present moment, which is systemically conditioned and predominates in various segments of society. The systemic transformation brought major alterations in attitudes to time and change. A deficit of time became more common, and yet as society accelerated sociologists were surprised to observe an increase in groups of people suffering from too much free time. This was a sign of deep social polarization: a division between successful people, who were keeping up with the changes, and were oriented toward the future—planning, and valuing time as a necessity for the realization of those plans—and marginalized people, who were not actively participating in the changes and had too much time on their hands. For both groups, the change in the distribution of time could have negative consequences. For one group, in spite of the satisfaction of achieving goals, there was fatigue, lack of family time, limited participation in cultural activities, and lack of time for reflection. For the other group, there was unused time as a cause of apathy, passivity, and a sense of social marginalization.
Collective Memory, Social Time and Culture: The Polish Tradition in Memory Studies
Authors: Tarkowska Elżbieta
Published: May 2021

In Poland, research into collective memory has a long tradition and clear cultural perspective. The author’s aim is to show that this research tradition, which is deeply associated with the legacy of the Durkheimian school, was very strong in Poland in both the prewar and postwar periods, especially in the work of Stefan Czarnowski, the only Polish member of the school. In this perspective, social memory is closely connected with culture and time. In the first part of the paper, the author explains why the relations between social memory, culture, and social time are important for evaluating the Polish research tradition. The second part is dedicated to the works of Stefan Czarnowski, who started the cultural stream in Polish memory studies many years ago. The third part presents the idea of social time, and the relations between the sociology of time and memory studies in Polish sociology. The specificity of Polish studies on collective memory is little known today, especially to foreign researchers, but the tradition is worth remembering.
Jerzy Szacki — uczony, nauczyciel akademicki, człowiek i obywatel
Authors: Kraśko Nina
Published: May 2021

The author writes about the late Professor Jerzy Szacki, who died in 2016 and was a world-renowned sociologist and historian of social thought. She presents him as a scholar, teacher, citizen, and private person, trying to establish the facts as precisely as possible and placing them in the context of Polish social life from the Second World War to today. She draws on the available sources and on her own memories as one of Professor Szacki’s students and later as a member of the same academic milieu.
Spychani na margines. Filmowe obrazy przemocy grupy wobec jednostki
Authors: Wakar Paulina
Published: May 2021

This article concerns the question of stigma and the exclusion of individuals by a small community. Three films exemplify this process: Sam Peckinpah’s Straw Dogs (1971); Giuseppe Tornatore’s Malena (2000); and Lars von Trier’s Dogville (2003). Each of these is a study in atypical stigmatization and exclusion—the situations are atypical because the victims of social aggression are not stigmatized in the classic sense by having an unambiguously negative attribute (for instance, poverty, an addiction, a physical deformity, etc.) but are persons who differ from the group in a positive way.
Miłość do sztuki? O (nie)słabnącym związku między dyspozycją estetyczną a pozycją społeczną
Authors: Cebula Michał
Published: May 2021

As part of the broader debate on the changing nature of the art sphere, the author raises the question of whether Poles’ degree of participation in art is still strongly connected with social position. He makes use of the categories of esthetic disposition and artistic competence in Pierre Bourdieu’s sense of the terms. He bases his conclusions on quantitative and qualitative data obtained from research into the tastes and cultural participation of Wrocław inhabitants in 2011. He analyses patterns of cultural engagement. While the general attitude toward art and knowledge of artists appears, in accord with the author’s hypothesis, to be connected with occupation, income, and education at the same time the distinctive power of ‘high culture’ has decreased among the young generation in comparison with the older generation. This leads the author to suppose that traditional forms of high culture are playing a lesser role in the creation of social boundaries, although this does not mean the erosion of cultural capital as such but rather the emergence of new forms of culture and new socio-cultural divisions.
Proces strukturyzacji i instytucjonalizacji świata społecznego kibiców piłkarskich i jego konsekwencje
Authors: Burski Jacek
Published: May 2021

The author analyzes the segmentation and institutionalization of the social world of soccer fans in the context of global economic and cultural changes. He refers to the literature on the subject to present the genesis of this sport and the descriptions that have been made of its fans. In the empirical part, he views the fan phenomenon in Poland on the basis of press and internet materials, casual interviews with fans of the Łódź Sports Club, and fan behavior in stadiums (the ‘framework’). Institutionalization and structurization in the social setting of Polish soccer fans are considered in connection with the economic and institutional changes after 1989 and global changes in the world of culture and the media. He proposes a typology of fans—the participants in the social world of soccer. He claims that the institutionalization of this world is underway but that organizing fans into associations is having a different impact on fan culture and the social world beyond than was earlier expected.
Kibice Lecha Poznań a władze miasta — rekontekstualizacja toposów populistycznych w nowych i starych mediach
Authors: Fabiszak Małgorzata , Gruszecka Marta , Brzezińska Anna Weronika
Published: May 2021

This article is devoted to the question of the recontextualization of populist topoi in the public sphere. Recontextualization is a process by which a change in the author, recipient, or context of a communication alters its meaning. Populism is understood as a discursive strategy in reference to a limited number of topoi, such as values (for in stance, freedom); criticism of authority; appeals to emotions (for example, the sense of threat and fear); and reference to national identity and history to obtain social support. The authors of the article analyze how these topoi change during their flow between various channels of communication: the internet forum of the Lech Poznań fan club, the local press (Głos Wielkopolski and a local supplement to Gazeta Wyborcza), the blog of the city mayor, and the facebook page of a municipal official. The research, based on a historical, critical analysis of the discourse, shows that when the press and local politicians’ discuss topics with the fan forum, the result is the legitimation of the fan forum’s position and its broader effect in the public sphere.
Proces konstruowania ładu interakcji między pełnosprawnymi i niepełnosprawnymi sportowcami. Analiza zjawiska z perspektywy teorii symbolicznego interakcjonizmu
Authors: Niedbalski Jakub
Published: May 2021

This article is based on a study in which the interactions in a sports club between persons with physical disabilities and their non-disabled colleagues were observed. The purpose of the study was to understand and describe the problems faced by sports participants with disabilities when operating within a social, organizational, and physical environment that was not designed for the disabled. The study made it possible to reconstruct how definitions of key notions and situations are developed as a basis for creating and maintaining the interaction order between disabled and non-disabled sportsparticipants. The study used data compiled from open observation of participants and semi-structured interviews. The phenomena were analyzed in accordance with the procedures of Grounded Theory. Symbolic interactionism was used as a theoretical framework in the interpretative paradigm.
Antropologowie i antropolożki na wojennej ścieżce oraz ich dylematy moralne z tym związane
Authors: Kubica Grażyna
Published: May 2021

In the history of anthropology, that is, a science whose borders have considerably shifted, the object of study has continually changed but there has been a prevailing conviction about the unusual sensitivity of its practices; however, such sensitivity has not been discussed by researchers in the context of wars, military intelligence, or other military endeavors. When the history of this discipline is recounted as it is by Michał Kowalski in the book Antropolodzy na wojnie [Anthropologists on War], through the prismof the complications involved in direct activities of this type, it forces one to reflect on the ethical principles that should guide field researchers. Historical analyses of such sensitive material should also incline scholars to greater methodological awareness and avoidance of the trap of presentism.
Autoetnografia 2.0
Authors: Darmach Krystian
Published: May 2021

This text is a methodological diary—a meta-autoethnography, an attempt to report on the course and formation of auto-reflection on various aspects of autoethnography in the broad sense. It is the reinterpretation of selected fragments of the author’s own texts of an autoethnographic profile, and a description of the process by which the concept of the essay emerged. It addresses the role of autoethnography in the anthropological cognitive process and autoethnography’s contemporary methodological status. The author intends to show how his reflections were shaped and to open the door to the scholar’s “kitchen” by describing how the questions, phrases, and ideas inscribed in his notebook served as departure points for further reflection and representation in the essay. He tells how his thoughts were structured, what reading and ideas inspired him, and finally, how these often laconic, fragmentary, and disorganized notes and observations brought together the issues and themes worthy of anthropological expansion and consideration.
Art&science. Autoetnografia artystki realizującej projekty w laboratoriach biologicznych
Authors: Żyniewicz Karolina
Published: May 2021

The aim of the text is to present the use of the analytical autoethnographic method in studying the “art&science” phenomenon. It is attempt to show that the role of the artist can combine with the role of the ethnographer. The objects of study are the multilevel relations emerging during the realization of artistic projects in biological laboratories. These relations concern both humans (the artist, the scientists) and non-humans (laboratory organisms, equipment). On the basis of actor-network theory, the author presents how the liminal status of ethnographic research is modified when it connects with art. The form of conducting the research is both an example of activity in the art and science field and a new methodological proposal for the study of science and technology.
Zbiorowe diagnozowanie polskiej rzeczywistości. O wywiadach Michała Sutowskiego
Authors: Pańków Irena
Published: May 2021

This essay is a review based on material from nineteen published interviews that focused on a diagnosis of Polish conditions after a year of the Law and Justice [Prawo i Sprawiedliwość] party’s rule. The interviews were conducted with experts—academics and journalists—by Michał Sutowski, who published these interviews as a collection.  The author demonstrates that such a collective diagnosis has major advantages in Poland’s current, rapidly changing, social conditions. Such a method is quicker than the scholarly approach to describing and explaining the state of affairs. The collection of interviews could also be a valuable source of inspiration for public debates and scholarly research in many areas, and could contain guidelines for decision-makers.
Wokół kultury umysłowej w Polsce — jej źródła i przejawy
Authors: Zybała Andrzej
Published: May 2021

The author defines intellectual culture as a tendency to base decisions on objective analyses or the habit of investigating issues analytically. In the broader sense, intellectual culture may be considered to be the way the collective reacts to phenomena that appear in the real world. A high level of intellectual culture, in the author’s opinion, is shown by a modern form of thinking manifested in the ability to make use of abstracts and to take into account alternative systems of constructing opinions. On the basis of selected analyses of Polish scholars the author advances the hypothesis that Poland has failed to form proper institutional mechanisms favoring rational analysis in public life. The author demonstrates that this is the result of many factors, such as the long-lasting model of Sarmatian customs (including its providentialism), the strong and lasting influence of a radical form of romanticism, and also the nugatory influence of Enlightenment and positivist models. These factors have been accompanied by the unsuitability of educational and scholarly institutions, the delayed development of modern forms of economics, which force the use of rational calculations, and a structure of society that does not favor exchanges of ideas and deliberation.
Koncepcja semiotycznej pamięci kultury Jurija Łotmana jako zasada generatywna w badaniach nad pamięcią społeczną
Authors: Winiarski Paweł
Published: May 2021

For sociologically oriented research into memory, the finding of connections between cultural mechanisms of constructing the past and their socio-structural effects is important. In this context, a principle linking phenomena of memory, culture, and social structure should be of use. This article is devoted to Yuri Lotman’s concept of the semiotic memory of culture, which the author believes could serve as a generative rule for this type of research in the sociology of culture. In the case of studies on social memory, Lotman’s concept constitutes a methodological bridge between phenomena of social memory and the transmission of culture, enabling the question of how the memory of the individual participates in collective memory to be answered.
Robert Michels — zapoznany klasyk socjologii
Authors: Miński Radomir
Published: May 2021

Robert Michels (1876–1936) considered himself to be a disillusioned socialist, who, under the influence of elitism, rejected democracy and moved into the fascist camp. As a figure in sociology he is associated solely with the “iron law of oligarchy.” In Poland, it is a little-known fact that in Western social thought he is viewed as a socially engaged sociologist—a “genuine” researcher gifted with sociological imagination and a passion for scholarship. The aim of the author is to present Michels as a scholar in many areas: feminist issues, local patriotism in the context of national citizenship, phenomena of a general sociological nature, the history of Italy, and social movements. Furthermore, the author illustrates the German writer Timm Genett’s thesis that Michels should also be valued as a pioneer in the study of social movements, which he consistently examined in his analyses of organizations, systematically investigating the degeneration of social movements and the shifting of organizational aims.
Masa, której strach się bać. Problem znaczenia oraz definicji masy
Authors: Radomski Jan
Published: May 2021

This text is devoted to the problem of the concept of mass in the social sciences. The departure point is a proposed division — on the basis of past works — into practical mass (the quantitative aspect of collective behaviors) and abstract mass, which is an ideological construct. Mass in the second meaning has five properties: meaning, durability, intangibility, subjectivity, and mystique. The political history of abstract mass is described, beginning from the moment of its appearance in contrast to the ruling elite and ending with the pop culture aspect. Theoreticians on the subject are referenced, in particular, Peter Sloterdijk. Then the author concentrates on how mass functions in contemporary political systems and societies (which are born of mass). He considers mass behavior, that is, those behaviors in which the participants have the consciousness of the meaning and strength of the abstract mass. He proposes a division of mass behaviors into proliferating, functional, and phantom actions. He asks whether mass today, in order to obtain a political voice, must still have a real quantitative force, or whether even the actions of an individual could acquire a mass character.
Narracje i strategie argumentacyjne w dyskursie IV RP jako narzędzia wyznaczania granic wspólnot w polskim społeczeństwie
Authors: Kotras Marcin
Published: May 2021

This article concerns discourse in the 4th Republic and its role in creating the divisions and cleavages of Polish society. The author analyzes the argumentation strategies used by the press supporting the government and its so-called “good change” (the weeklies Sieci and Uważam Rze, which were published in the years 2012–2017). He concentrates on selected rhetorical practices such as labeling, categorization, and discrimination, and determines that the center of the argumentation strategy of the weeklies analyzed is a discursively constructed division between the “elites” and the “masses” ordinary people”). This type of strategy allows the building of a Me-Them dichotomy, which serves not only to strengthen divisions but also to de-legitimize the social space of the 3rd Republic and give legitimacy to the “good change” of the 4th Republic. These activities are exemplified by the manner in which the writers in opinion-forming weeklies describe and explain selected topics and events, such as the Round Table Talks or the migration crisis. The author finds that in the argumentation strategies analyzed, the “nation” is understood as an exclusive community defined from an essentialist perspective. He relates these and other findings to the problem of the new, simplified form of political rivalry and contemporary election campaigns.
Marzenie o zmianie narodowego imaginarium. Uwagi o książce Andrzeja Ledera
Authors: Motyka Grzegorz
Published: May 2021

In connection with Andrzej Leder’s book Prześniona rewolucja. Ćwiczenie z logiki historycznej [The Missed Revolution: Exercise in Historical Logic] (2014), the author of the article considers the question of examining difficult areas of the past, which he believes has still not been accomplished in Poland. The issue has been addressed in regard to the Holocaust only to become a major point in the public dispute between the conservative right and leftist and liberal camps. The author decidedly supports the need for historical and moral reflection in this regard, yet he also expresses reservations about excessive concentration on the economic consequences of the Holocaust and on the postwar agricultural reforms and nationalization (which largely form the subject of Leder’s reflections). He points out that all settling of accounts in regard to history are extraordinarily complicated. In his opinion, the equally — if not more — important sphere of “unconscious and denied guilt” in Polish society is its general and conformist engagement on the side of the Polish communist party (PZPR).