bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Making context the central concept in privacy engineering
Authors: Hoel Tore , Chen Weiqin , Pawlowski Jan M.
Published: October 2020

There is a gap between people’s online sharing of personal data and their concerns about privacy. Till now, this gap is addressed by attempting to match individual privacy preferences with service providers’ options for data handling. This approach has ignored the role different contexts play in data sharing. This paper aims at giving privacy engineering a new direction putting context centre stage and exploiting the affordances of machine learning in handling contexts and negotiating data sharing policies. This research is explorative and conceptual, representing the first development cycle of a design science research project in privacy engineering. The paper offers a concise understanding of data privacy as a foundation for design extending the seminal contextual integrity theory of Helen Nissenbaum. This theory started out as a normative theory describing the moral appropriateness of data transfers. In our work, the contextual integrity model is extended to a socio-technical theory that could have practical impact in the era of artificial intelligence. New conceptual constructs such as ‘context trigger’, ‘data sharing policy’ and ‘data sharing smart contract’ are defined, and their application is discussed from an organisational and technical level. The constructs and design are validated through expert interviews; contributions to design science research are discussed, and the paper concludes with presenting a framework for further privacy engineering development cycles.
Co-evolution of port business ecosystem based on evolutionary game theory
Authors: Li Wenjuan , Vanelslander Thierry , Liu Wei , Xu Xu
Published: October 2020

As distributing centres of trade and transportation network, ports play an important role in the development of the national economy. With the changing of the global business environment, the port enterprise operation environment is continuously changing, and growing problems are becoming increasingly complex. Since challenges, uncertainties, risks, and crisis exist side by side, it is indispensable and beneficial to do a systematic analysis of the development of port enterprises from the perspective of biological co-evolution. This paper uses the evolutionary game model to discuss the dynamic change process and evolutionary stable strategy of the collaborative development of the core enterprise and cooperative enterprise in the port business ecosystem. Then, the influencing factors of enterprise decision-making or action selection are analysed, and the numerical model verifies the accuracy of the model. Finally, suggestions on the development of the port business ecosystem are put forward.
NILM-based approach for energy efficiency assessment of household appliances
Authors: Garcia Fernando D. , Souza Wesley A. , Diniz Ivando S. , Marafão Fernando P.
Published: October 2020

This paper presents a novel Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) approach focusing on the Energy Efficiency (EE) assessment of residential appliances. This approach (NILMEE) is able to identify the individual consumption of several household devices, providing proper information for evaluating energy efficiency and pointing out the operational issues or labelling mismatches of appliances, while recommending better practices for energy usage in specific consumer installations. The proposed approach was developed and evaluated by embedding the NILM engine on an electronic power meter, which performs a microscopic analysis on measured voltages and currents and provides the load disaggregation using the Conservative Power Theory for the feature extraction, K-Nearest Neighbours for the appliance classification, and the Power Signature Blob for the energy disaggregation. The disaggregation algorithm performance evaluation is carried out using NILMTK. Results show that NILM transcends the regular energy usage calculation, serving as a tool that enables the diagnosis of household appliances using the energy efficiency indexes provided by labels and standards.
Effect of acute citalopram on self-referential emotional processing and social cognition in healthy volunteers
Authors: Hobbs Catherine , Murphy Susannah E. , Wright Lucy , Carson James , Assche Indra Van , O'Brien Jessica , Oyesanya Mayowa , Sui Jie , Munafò Marcus R. , Kessler David , Harmer Catherine J. , Button Katherine S.
Published: October 2020

Background

Depression is characterised by negative views of the self. Antidepressant treatment may remediate negative self-schema through increasing processing of positive information about the self. Changes in affective processing during social interactions may increase expression of prosocial behaviours, improving interpersonal communications.

Aims

To examine whether acute administration of citalopram is associated with an increase in positive affective learning biases about the self and prosocial behaviour.

Method

Healthy volunteers (n = 41) were randomised to either an acute 20 mg dose of citalopram or matched placebo in a between-subjects double-blind design. Participants completed computer-based cognitive tasks designed to measure referential affective processing, social cognition and expression of prosocial behaviours.

Results

Participants administered citalopram made more cooperative choices than those administered placebo in a prisoner's dilemma task (β = 20%, 95% CI: 2%, 37%). Exploratory analyses indicated that participants administered citalopram showed a positive bias when learning social evaluations about a friend (β = 4.06, 95% CI: 0.88, 7.24), but not about the self or a stranger. Similarly, exploratory analyses found evidence of increased recall of positive words and reduced recall of negative words about others (β = 2.41, 95% CI: 0.89, 3.93), but not the self, in the citalopram group.

Conclusions

Participants administered citalopram showed greater prosocial behaviours, increased positive recall and increased positive learning of social evaluations towards others. The increase in positive affective bias and prosocial behaviours towards others may, at least partially, be a mechanism of antidepressant effect. However, we found no evidence that citalopram influenced self-referential processing.
Dapagliflozin Added to Verinurad Plus Febuxostat Further Reduces Serum Uric Acid in Hyperuricemia: The QUARTZ Study
Authors: Stack Austin G , Han David , Goldwater Ronald , Johansson Susanne , Dronamraju Nalina , Oscarsson Jan , Johnsson Eva , Parkinson Joanna , Erlandsson Fredrik
Published: October 2020

Context

Combining a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor with a xanthine oxidase inhibitor (XOI) and a urate transporter 1 (URAT1) inhibitor may enhance serum uric acid (sUA) lowering. However, concerns exist regarding high urinary UA (uUA) excretion rates and subsequent crystallization in renal tubules.

Objective

To assess whether dapagliflozin added to verinurad, a selective URAT1 inhibitor, and febuxostat, an XOI, increases uUA excretion.

Design

Randomized, placebo-controlled, 2-way crossover study (NCT03316131).

Patients

Adults with asymptomatic hyperuricemia.

Interventions

Subjects (N = 36) were randomized to oral once-daily 9 mg verinurad plus 80 mg febuxostat plus 10 mg dapagliflozin for 7 days and 7 days of oral once-daily 9 mg verinurad plus 80 mg febuxostat plus placebo with an intervening 7- to 21-day washout period.

Main Outcome Measure

Difference in peak uUA excretion between groups from baseline to day 7. Secondary outcomes included changes in sUA levels and 24-h uUA excretion.

Results

Both regimens lowered mean peak uUA excretion (least squares mean changes from baseline: −12.9 mg/h [95% confidence interval (CI): −21.0 to −4.7], dapagliflozin; −13.2 mg/h [95% CI −21.3 to –5.0], placebo). sUA concentrations were lower with dapagliflozin (mean treatment difference –62.3 µmol/L [95% CI −82.8 to −41.8]). Dapagliflozin did not impact verinurad pharmacokinetics, its main metabolites, or febuxostat or fasting plasma glucose levels vs verinurad plus febuxostat. There were no clinically relevant changes in safety parameters.

Conclusions

Dapagliflozin further reduced sUA without influencing uUA excretion, suggesting that its combination with verinurad and febuxostat at the doses tested does not adversely affect kidney function.

Clinical trial registration number

NCT03316131.
An autophagy-dependent tubular lysosomal network synchronizes degradative activity required for muscle remodeling
Authors: Murakawa Tadayoshi , Kiger Amy A. , Sakamaki Yuriko , Fukuda Mitsunori , Fujita Naonobu
Published: October 2020

Lysosomes are compartments for the degradation of both endocytic and autophagic cargoes. The shape of lysosomes changes with cellular degradative demands; however, there is limited knowledge about the mechanisms or significance that underlies distinct lysosomal morphologies. Here, we found an extensive tubular autolysosomal network in Drosophila abdominal muscle remodeling during metamorphosis. The tubular network transiently appeared and exhibited the capacity to degrade autophagic cargoes. The tubular autolysosomal network was uniquely marked by the autophagic SNARE protein Syntaxin17 and its formation depended on both autophagic flux and degradative function, with the exception of the Atg12 and Atg8 ubiquitin-like conjugation systems. Among ATG-deficient mutants, the efficiency of lysosomal tubulation correlated with the phenotypic severity in muscle remodeling. The lumen of the tubular network was continuous and homogeneous across a broad region of the remodeling muscle. Altogether, we revealed that the dynamic expansion of a tubular autolysosomal network synchronizes the abundant degradative activity required for developmentally regulated muscle remodeling.
A method for studying the metabolic activity of individual tardigrades by measuring oxygen uptake using micro-respirometry
Authors: Pedersen Bjarke H. , Malte Hans , Ramløv Hans , Finster Kai
Published: October 2020

Studies of tardigrade biology have been severely limited by the sparsity of appropriate quantitative techniques, informative on a single-organism level. Therefore, many studies rely on motility-based survival scoring and quantifying reproductive success. Measurements of O2 respiration rates, as an integrating expression of the metabolic activity of single tardigrades, would provide a more comprehensive insight into how an individual tardigrade is responding to specific environmental factors or changes in life stages. Here we present and validate a new method for determining the O2 respiration rate (nmol O2 mg−1 hour−1) of single tardigrades under steady state, using O2-microsensors. As an example, we show that the O2 respiration rate determined in MilliQ water for individuals of Richtersius coronifer and of Macrobiotus macrocalix at 22 °C was 10.8±1.8 nmol O2 mg−1 hour−1 and 13.1±2.3 nmol O2 mg−1 hour−1, respectively.
Inducible TDG knockout models to study epigenetic regulation
Authors: Schwarz Simon D. , Grundbacher Eliane , Hrovat Alexandra M. , Xu Jianming , Kuśnierczyk Anna , Vågbø Cathrine B. , Schär Primo , Schuermann David
Published: October 2020

Mechanistic and functional studies by gene disruption or editing approaches often suffer from confounding effects like compensatory cellular adaptations generated by clonal selection. These issues become particularly relevant when studying factors directly involved in genetic or epigenetic maintenance. To provide a genetic tool for functional and mechanistic investigation of DNA-repair mediated active DNA demethylation, we generated experimental models in mice and murine embryonic stem cells (ESCs) based on a minigene of the thymine-DNA glycosylase (TDG). The loxP-flanked miniTdg is rapidly and reliably excised in mice and ESCs by tamoxifen-induced Cre activation, depleting TDG to undetectable levels within 24 hours. We describe the functionality of the engineered miniTdg in mouse and ESCs (TDGiKO ESCs) and validate the pluripotency and differentiation potential of TDGiKO ESCs as well as the phenotype of induced TDG depletion. The controlled and rapid depletion of TDG allows for a precise manipulation at any point in time of multistep experimental procedures as presented here for neuronal differentiation in vitro. Thus, we provide a tested and well-controlled genetic tool for the functional and mechanistic investigation of TDG in active DNA (de)methylation and/or DNA repair with minimal interference from adaptive effects and clonal selection.
Recursive Cluster Elimination based Rank Function (SVM-RCE-R) implemented in KNIME
Authors: Yousef Malik , Bakir-Gungor Burcu , Jabeer Amhar , Goy Gokhan , Qureshi Rehman , C. Showe Louise
Published: October 2020

In our earlier study, we proposed a novel feature selection approach, Recursive Cluster Elimination with Support Vector Machines (SVM-RCE) and implemented this approach in Matlab. Interest in this approach has grown over time and several researchers have incorporated SVM-RCE into their studies, resulting in a substantial number of scientific publications. This increased interest encouraged us to reconsider how feature selection, particularly in biological datasets, can benefit from considering the relationships of those genes in the selection process, this led to our development of SVM-RCE-R. The usefulness of SVM-RCE-R is further supported by development of maTE tool, which uses a similar approach to identify microRNA (miRNA) targets. We have now implemented the SVM-RCE-R algorithm in Knime in order to make it easier to apply and to make it more accessible to the biomedical community. The use of SVM-RCE-R in Knime is simple and intuitive, allowing researchers to immediately begin their data analysis without having to consult an information technology specialist. The input for the Knime tool is an EXCEL file (or text or CSV) with a simple structure and the output is also an EXCEL file. The Knime version also incorporates new features not available in the previous version. One of these features is a user-specific ranking function that enables the user to provide the weights of the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, f-measure, area under curve and precision in the ranking function, allowing the user to select for greater sensitivity or greater specificity as needed. The results show that the ranking function has an impact on the performance of SVM-RCE-R. Some of the clusters that achieve high scores for a specified ranking can also have high scores in other metrics. This finding motivates future studies to suggest the optimal ranking function.
The importance of software citation
Authors: Katz Daniel S. , Chue Hong Neil P. , Clark Tim , Muench August , Stall Shelley , Bouquin Daina , Cannon Matthew , Edmunds Scott , Faez Telli , Feeney Patricia , Fenner Martin , Friedman Michael , Grenier Gerry , Harrison Melissa , Heber Joerg , Leary Adam , MacCallum Catriona , Murray Hollydawn , Pastrana Erika , Perry Katherine , Schuster Douglas , Stockhause Martina , Yeston Jake
Published: October 2020

Software is as integral as a research paper, monograph, or dataset in terms of facilitating the full understanding and dissemination of research. This article provides broadly applicable guidance on software citation for the communities and institutions publishing academic journals and conference proceedings. We expect those communities and institutions to produce versions of this document with software examples and citation styles that are appropriate for their intended audience. This article (and those community-specific versions) are aimed at authors citing software, including software developed by the authors or by others. We also include brief instructions on how software can be made citable, directing readers to more comprehensive guidance published elsewhere. The guidance presented in this article helps to support proper attribution and credit, reproducibility, collaboration and reuse, and encourages building on the work of others to further research.
A Framework for Solving Chance-Constrained Linear Matrix Inequality Programs
Authors: Karimi Roya , Cheng Jianqiang , Lejeune Miguel A.
Published: October 2020

We propose a novel partial sample average approximation (PSAA) framework to solve the two main types of chance-constrained linear matrix inequality (CCLMI) problems: CCLMI with random technology matrix and CCLMI with random right-hand side. We propose a series of computationally tractable PSAA-based approximations for CCLMI problems, analyze their properties, and derive sufficient conditions that ensure convexity for the two most popular—normal and uniform—continuous distributions. We derive several semidefinite programming PSAA reformulations efficiently solved by off-the-shelf solvers and design a sequential convex approximation method for the PSAA formulations containing bilinear matrix inequalities. The proposed methods can be generalized to other continuous random variables whose cumulative distribution function can be easily computed. We carry out a comprehensive numerical study on three practical CCLMI problems: robust truss topology design, calibration, and robust control. The tests attest to the superiority of the PSAA reformulation and algorithmic framework over the scenario and sample average approximation methods.

Summary of Contribution: In line with the mission and scope of IJOC, we study an important type of optimization problems, chance-constrained linear matrix inequality (CCLMI) problems, which require stochastic linear matrix inequality (LMI) constraints to be satisfied with high probability. To solve CCLMI problems, we propose a novel partial sample average approximation (PSAA) framework: (i) develop a series of computationally tractable PSAA-based approximations for CCLMI problems, (ii) analyze their properties, (iii) derive sufficient conditions ensuring convexity, and (iv) design a sequential convex approximation method. We evaluate our proposed method via a comprehensive numerical study on three practical CCLMI problems. The tests attest the superiority of the PSAA reformulation and algorithmic framework over standard benchmarks.
Incentives and Emission Responsibility Allocation in Supply Chains
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Sanjith , Granot Daniel , Granot Frieda , Sošić Greys , Cui Hailong
Published: October 2020

Because greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions from the supply chains of just the 2,500 largest global corporations account for more than 20% of global emissions, rationalizing emissions in supply chains could make an important contribution toward meeting the global CO2 emission-reduction targets agreed upon in the 2015 Paris Climate Agreement. Accordingly, in this paper, we consider supply chains with joint production of GHG emissions, operating under either a carbon-tax regime, wherein a regulator levies a penalty on the emissions generated by the firms in the supply chain, or an internal carbon-pricing scheme. Supply chain leaders, such as Walmart, are assumed to be environmentally motivated to induce their suppliers to abate their emissions. We adopt a cooperative game-theory methodology to derive a footprint-balanced scheme for reapportioning the total carbon emissions amongst the firms in the supply chain. This emission responsibility-allocation scheme, which is the Shapley value of an associated cooperative game, is shown to have several desirable characteristics. In particular, (i) it is transparent and easy to compute; (ii) when the abatement-cost functions of the firms are private information, it incentivizes suppliers to exert pollution-abatement efforts that, among all footprint-balanced allocation schemes, minimize the maximum deviation from the socially optimal pollution level; and (iii) the Shapley value is the unique allocation mechanism satisfying certain contextually desirable properties.

This paper was accepted by Jayashankar Swaminathan, operations management.
Making Space for Emotions: Empathy, Contagion, and Legitimacy’s Double-Edged Sword
Authors: Gorbatai Andreea , Dioun Cyrus , Lashley Kisha
Published: October 2020

Legitimacy is critical to the formation and expansion of nascent fields because it lends credibility and recognizability to once overlooked actors and practices. At the same time, legitimacy can be a double-edged sword precisely because it facilitates field growth, attracting actors with discrepant practices that may lead to factionalization and undermine the coherence of the field’s collective identity. In this paper, we investigate how organizations can mitigate the downside of legitimation by eliciting emotions that align increasingly discrepant actors and celebrate an inclusive collective identity. We leverage fieldwork and computational text analysis to examine the relationship between legitimation, collective identity coherence, and emotions in the context of the Makers, a nascent field of do-it-yourself hobbyists and technology hackers. In our quantitative analysis we show that legitimation was associated with increased field heterogeneity, but that collective events countered the diluting effects of legitimation. In the qualitative analysis of our interview data we demonstrate that activities at these events—demonstrations and hands-on experiences—elicited emotional contagion and empathy among actors. These emotions reconciled tensions among increasingly heterogeneous actors and bolstered the coherence of the Maker collective identity. We conclude by discussing our contribution to research on legitimacy, collective identity, and field-configuring events.
The Association Between Obstructive Sleep Apnea Defined by 3 Percent Oxygen Desaturation or Arousal Definition and Self-Reported Cardiovascular Disease in the Sleep Heart Health Study
Authors:   Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA, Quan Stuart , Budhiraja Rohit , Javaheri Sogol , Parthasarathy Sairam , Berry Richard
Published: October 2020

Background: Studies have established that OSA defined using a hypopnea definition requiring a >4% oxygen desaturation (AHI4%) is associated with cardiovascular (CVD) or coronary heart (CHD) disease. This study determined whether OSA defined using a hypopnea definition characterized by a >3% oxygen desaturation or an arousal (AHI3%A) is associated with CVD/CHD. Methods: Data were analyzed from 6307 Sleep Heart Health Study participants who had polysomnography. Self-reported CVD included angina, heart attack, heart failure, stroke or previous coronary bypass surgery or angioplasty. Self-reported CHD included the aforementioned conditions but not stroke or heart failure. The association between OSA and CVD/CHD was examined using logistic regression models with stepwise inclusion of demographic, anthropometric, social/behavioral and co-morbid medical conditions. A parsimonious model in which diabetes and hypertension were excluded because of their potential to be on the causal pathway between OSA and CVD/CHD also was constructed. Results: For CVD, the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for AHI3%A >30/hour were 1.39 (1.03-1.87) and 1.45 (1.09-1.94) in the fully adjusted and parsimonious models. Results for CHD were 1.29 (0.96-1.74) and 1.36 (0.99-1.85). In participants without OSA according to more stringent AHI4% criteria but with OSA using the AHI3%A definition, similar findings were observed. Conclusion: OSA defined using an AHI3%A is associated with both CVD and CHD. Use of a more restrictive AHI4% definition will misidentify a large number of individuals with OSA who have CVD or CHD. These individuals may be denied access to therapy, potentially worsening their underlying CVD or CHD.
Correct Scoring of Hypopneas in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Reduces Cardiovascular Morbidity
Authors:   Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ USA, Parish James , Baratz David
Published: October 2020

No abstract available. Article truncated after 150 words. Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a life-altering disease with a prevalence of 10% in men and 9% in women (1). In some groups (severe obesity, BMI > 40 kg/m2) the prevalence may be as high as 40% (2). One of the most controversial areas in the field of sleep medicine for many years has been the definition of the syndrome. Investigators who first identified OSA created the apnea index (AI), the number of apnea events per hour. An apnea was defined as a complete cessation of airflow for at least 10 seconds. When continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment for OSA was first introduced, a definition that third-party payors, such as the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), could use to determine which patients qualified for treatment was needed. The definition at that time was 30 apnea events during a 6-hour recording, which corresponded to an AI of 5 …
Raman-based cytopathology: an approach to improve diagnostic accuracy in medullary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Soares de Oliveira Marcos A. , Campbell Michael , Afify Alaa M. , Huang Eric C. , Chan James W.
Published: October 2020

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare form of thyroid malignancy that can be diagnostically challenging on fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology. Ancillary tests such as elevated serum or immunohistochemical positive calcitonin have been helpful, yet they can occasionally provide false positive results. In search for an alternative method to improve diagnostic accuracy (DA), we applied hyperspectral Raman spectroscopy to characterize the biochemical composition of single cells from MTC and compared their spectral information to cells from other types of thyroid nodules. Hyperspectral Raman images of 117 MTC single cells from digested tissue were obtained with a line-scan hyperspectral Raman microscope and compared to 127 benign and 121 classic variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (CVPTC) cells. When principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis were used to classify the spectral data, MTC cells were differentiated from benign and CVPTC cells with 97% and 99% DA, respectively. In addition, MTC cells exhibited a prominent Raman peak at 1003 cm−1, whose intensity is 84% and 226% greater on average than that observed in benign and CVPTC cells, respectively. When specifically utilizing only this peak as a spectral marker, MTC cells were separated from benign and CVPTC cells with 87% and 95% DA, respectively. As this peak is linked to phenylalanine, which is known to be associated with calcitonin release in thyroid parafollicular cells, the increased intensity further suggests that this Raman peak could potentially be a new diagnostic marker for MTC. Furthermore, preliminary data from MTC cells (n=21) isolated from a simulated FNA procedure provided similar Raman signatures when compared to single cells from digestion. These results suggest that “Raman-based cytopathology” can be used as an adjunct technique to improve the diagnostic accuracy of FNA cytopathology at a single cell level.
Direct Force Measurement with Reflective and Conductive Particles in Optical Tweezers
Authors: Lenton Isaac CD , Nieminen Timo A , Reece Peter J , Stilgoe Alexander B , Rubinsztein-Dunlop Halina
Published: October 2020

Direct force measurement produces unexpected results for conductive and reflective particles when scattered light is partially collected. With numerical simulations, we explain this phenomenon and describe measurement configurations which correctly estimate forces on these particles.
Air-core Ring Fiber Supporting >1000 OAM Modes across O, E, S, C, and L Bands
Authors: Wang Yingning , Bao Changjing , Geng Wenpu , Lu Yao , Fang Yuxi , Mao Baiwei , Liu Yan-ge , Liu Bo , Huang Hao , Ren Yongxiong , Pan Zhongqi , Yue Yang
Published: October 2020

Air-core ring fiber is designed with a record high 1322 OAM modes at 1550 nm while maintaining radially sing-mode condition. Moreover, it can support 1004 OAM modes across O, E, S, C, and L bands.
Parallel multi-view polygon rasterization for 3D light field display
Authors: Guan Yanxin , Sang Xinzhu , Xing Shujun , Chen Yingying , Li Yuanhang , Chen Duo , Yu Xunbo , Yan Binbin
Published: October 2020

Three-dimensional (3D) light field displays require samples of image data captured from a large number of regularly spaced camera images to produce a 3D image. Generally, it is inefficient to generate these images sequentially because a large number of rendering operations are repeated in different viewpoints. The current 3D image generation algorithm with traditional single viewpoint computer graphics techniques is not sufficiently well suited to the task of generating images for the light field displays. A highly parallel multi-view polygon rasterization (PMR) algorithm for 3D multi-view image generation is presented. Based on the coherence of the triangular rasterization calculation among different viewpoints, the related rasterization algorithms including primitive setup, plane function, and barycentric coordinate interpolation in the screen space are derived. To verify the proposed algorithm, a hierarchical soft rendering pipeline with GPU is designed and implemented. Several groups of images of 3D objects are used to verify the performance of the PMR method, and the correct 3D light field image can be achieved in real time.
Phase sensitivity in differential phase contrast microscopy: limits and strategies to improve it
Authors: Bonati Chiara , Laforest Timothé , Kunzi Mathieu , Moser Christophe
Published: October 2020

The phase sensitivity limit of Differential Phase Contrast (DPC) with partially coherent light is analyzed in details. The parameters to tune phase sensitivity, such as the diameter of illumination, the numerical aperture of the objective, and the noise of the camera are taken into account to determine the minimum phase contrast that can be detected. We found that a priori information about the sample can be used to fine-tune these parameters to increase phase contrast. Based on this information, we propose a simple algorithm to predict phase sensitivity of a DPC setup, which can be performed before the setup is built. Experiments confirm the theoretical findings.
Core crosstalk in ordered imaging fiber bundles
Authors: Parker Helen E. , Perperidis Antonios , Stone James M. , Dhaliwal Kevin , Tanner Michael G.
Published: October 2020

Coherent fiber bundles are used widely for imaging. Commonly, disordered arrays of randomly sized fiber cores avoid proximity between like-cores, which would otherwise result in increased core crosstalk and a negative impact on imaging. Recently, stack-and-draw fiber manufacture techniques have been used to produce fibers with a controlled core layout to minimize core crosstalk. However, one must take manufacturing considerations into account during stack-and-draw fiber design in order to avoid impractical or unachievable fabrication. This comes with a set of practical compromises, such as using only a small number of different core sizes. Through characterization of core crosstalk patterns, this Letter aims to aid the understanding of crosstalk limitations imposed by such compromises in the core layout made for ease of fabrication.
Spatial optical mode demultiplexing as a practical tool for optimal transverse distance estimation
Authors: Boucher Pauline , Fabre Claude , Labroille Guillaume , Treps Nicolas
Published: October 2020

We present the experimental implementation of simultaneous spatial multimode demultiplexing as a distance measurement tool. We use this technique to estimate the distance between two incoherent beams in both directions of the transverse plane, and find a perfect accordance with theoretical predictions, given a proper calibration of the demultiplexer. We show that, even though sensitivity is limited by the cross-talk between channels, we can perform measurements in two dimensions much beyond the Rayleigh limit over a large dynamic range.
Entre los principios y los fines. Ética y estética en el episodio El Tirano de la serie House
Authors: Gaztaka Eguskiza Ignacio
Published: October 2020

Este artículo profundiza en los acontecimientos narrados en el cuarto episodio de la sexta temporada de la serieHouse M.D. (título en inglés, en España es conocida como House o Dr. House). En él, el Doctor Chase se ve en el dilema de tratar a un dictador africano. Por un lado, el juramento hipocrático al que está ligado le obliga a sanar a su paciente, sin embargo, su moral individual lo empuja a tomar una decisión fatal. Y es que en eso estriba la peculiaridad ética de esta narración, en el choque de actitudes que codifican lo que se considera “el deber”. Entre los principios y los fines, es el territorio en el que Chase se encuentra perdido. Una tierra de nadie que atormenta al profesional de la medicina, en general, y al Doctor Chase, en particular. El análisis cinematográfico dilucidará las claves éticas (temas) y estéticas (estrategias narrativas) de esta obra. El demiurgo que controla los aconteceres de la narración decide que el doctor tome el bando de los fines, aunque eso no signifique que sea lo correcto. Sin pretenderser ejemplo de lo que debiera hacerse en la vida real, esta obra, junto al estudio de la misma, invitan a explorar loslímites de la deontología médica.
Cronicidad, violencia y longitud de trayectoria criminal. Hombres detenidos por violencia doméstica
Authors:   Universidad Andrés Bello, Chile, Valdivia-Devia Mauricio , Oyanedel Juan Carlos ,   Universidad Andrés Bello, Chile, Andrés-Pueyo Antonio ,   Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, España, Fuentes Araya Marta ,   Academia de Ciencias Policiales, Carabineros de Chile, Chile, Valdivia-Monzón Mauricio ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
Published: October 2020

Los delincuentes crónicos resultan ser los responsables de la mayor parte de la actividad criminal, además de ser los más persistentes y violentos. Existe escasa evidencia longitudinal que permita conocer cómo se manifiesta la cronicidad en agresores de violencia doméstica. El objetivo de esta investigación es identificar el criterio más adecuado para diferenciar a los hombres crónicos y establecer la relación que existe entre cronicidad, violencia, versatilidad y duración de la carrera criminal en 10 505 hombres chilenos detenidos por delitos de violencia en el ámbito familiar en el 2007, con base en todas las nuevas detenciones producidas los siguientes diez años. El diseño es longitudinal pseudoprospectivo, tal como si correspondiera a un estudio longitudinal prospectivo. Los resultados muestran que tres o más delitos bastan para identificar adecuadamente carreras criminales crónicas, y que un 12.7% del total de hombres pueden considerarse graves, violentos y crónicos, al presentar una trayectoria criminal de entre ocho y diez años, ser responsables de más del 37% del total de las reincidencias, alcanzar un promedio de delitos significativamente alto y versátiles, así como una elevada prevalencia en delitos violentos.
Cuerpo, Sonido y Neurociencias
Authors: Rodríguez Kees Damián
Published: October 2020

Si bien no es frecuente la incorporación de la mirada sobre los aspectos gestuales que llevan a la producción del sonido en escena en músicas del siglo XX y XXI, existe ya un corpus teórico que posibilita el análisis y nuevas reflexiones sobre la participación fundamental del gesto en la configuración del hecho musical. Este trabajo intenta ampliar dicha mirada, y desarrollar un aporte al mencionado corpus, presentando algunas conclusiones de una investigación sobre la relación entre el sonido y el gesto que lo produce en escena. Así realizamos una aproximación analítica a obras recientes pertenecientes al campo del denominado «teatro musical contemporáneo" recurriendo, desde una perspectiva fenomenológica, a nuevos aportes de las neurociencias y a una revisita de la ya centenaria categoría de la «kinestesia".
Tea clone classification using deep CNN with residual and densely connections
Authors: Ramdan Ade , Zilvan Vicky , Suryawati Endang , Pardede Hilman F , Rahadi Vitria Puspitasari
Published: October 2020

Tea clone of Gambung series is a superior variety of tea that has high productivity and quality. Smallholder farmers usually plant these clones in the same areas. However, each clone has different productivity or quality, so it is difficult to predict the production quality in the same area. To uniform the variety of clones in an area, smallholder farmers still need experts to identify each plant because one and other clones share the same visual characteristics. We propose a tea clone identification system using deep CNN with skip connection methods, i.e., residual connections and densely connections, to tackle this problem. Our study shows that the proposed method is affected by the hyperparameter setting and the combining feature maps method. For the combining method, the concatenation method on a densely connected network shows better performance than the summation method on a residual connected network.
INTERNETOWA PLATFORMA DO NAUKI JĘZYKÓW DUOLINGO – OPINIE UŻYTKOWNIKÓW
Authors: Aleksandrowska Olga , Stanulewicz Danuta
Published: October 2020

A recent increase in the introduction and integration of information and communication technologies in education has prompted researchers to investigate the functioning and effectiveness of various digital tools. In the first part of the article, the authors present the benefits of using online platforms in language learning, with special focus on Duolingo. The second part describes the major assumptions, course design and language tasks offered by the platform. The final part concentrates on the results of a small-scale study in the form of interviews, conducted with 32 Duolingo users.
The landscape—beyond the dichotomy of nature and culture
Authors: Lorenc Iwona
Published: October 2020

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Questionnaire - Answer
Authors: Bednarek Stefan
Published: October 2020

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Wildlife in urban parks—why sustain it?
Authors: Luniak Maciej
Published: October 2020

The author argues that it is not possible, especially in an urbanized landscape, to trace any clear dividing lines between natural structures and processes and those caused by the human. Simplifying things to the extreme, we assume that “wildlife” includes those organisms which live permanently (or are capable of living) in a given area without any deliberate human assistance. Arguments for sustaining “wild life” in city parks are many, deriving from humanitarian, ecological, social, or economic considerations. The author acquaints the reader with research conducted as part of the project Nature of the Skaryszewski Park. The diagnosis relating to that Warsaw park enabled the formulation of a range of recommendations whose application would protect and foster living nature in city parks.
Garden—non-garden. Contemporary trends in transformation of greenery as an instrument in the contest for the city
Authors: Gawryszewska Beata J.
Published: October 2020

The aim of the paper is to characterize contemporary transformation of urban greenery, which rely on the image of garden in order to arrive at a “garden-like” character of the cityscape. It also demonstrates how the image of garden is applied in the city as a new tool of social communication in the course of democratic transformation of the urban space. The author discusses the origins of the garden-image and the “garden-like” character of space, providing examples of how it is used today in the cityscape by the inhabitants, activists, designers and artists. The text introduces a range of informal, Polish projects of urban gardens and spaces drawing on its image, describing their novel role in building the vernacular landscape of a city.
Wybrane oprawy ksiąg z prywatnych bibliotek polskich w zbiorach kanonika gnieźnieńskiego Tomasza Josickiego
Authors: Muraszko Michał
Published: October 2020

The article presents selected book bindings from the collection of a Gniezno canon, Tomasz Josicki, which originally belonged to three private libraries.
Romanizacja, kreolizacja i nie tylko; rec. książki Imperium und Romanisierung. Neue Forschungsansåtze aus Ost und West zu Ausubung, Transformation und Akzeptanz von Herrschaft im Rómischen Reich
Authors: Mrozewicz Leszek
Published: October 2020

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Flâneur widziany oczyma flâneura. Próba przeanalizowania obrazu obserwatora tłumu kreowanego przez Waltera Benjamina
Authors: Szurgot-Prus Ewelina
Published: October 2020

This paper discusses the figure of flâneur , the urban observer. By way of the perspective adopted by Walter Benjamin, I attempt to identify all aspects of flâneurism. What is more, I try to ascertain the existence of correlations between the writer (Walter Benjamin) and the flâneur he described.
Szwed i Polak czytają „Underdoga”. Kulturowe uwarunkowania recepcji dzieła literackiego
Authors: Żmuda-Trzebiatowska Magdalena
Published: October 2020

In the article, the author considers cultural factors which affect the reading of literary work by Swedish and Polish audiences. The piece in question is Underdog by Torbjörn Flygt (2001, translated into Polish by Elżbieta Jasińska-Brunnberg, 2006). Analyzing the setting of the novel in historical narrative about the Swedish welfare state, the authors poses questions regarding universal or hermetic nature of Flygt’s novel.
Nie tylko dla archeologów...; rec. książki: Matthew Johnson, Teoria archeologii. Wprowadzenie
Authors: Ciesielski Mariusz
Published: October 2020

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Stosunek Kościoła katolickiego do żydów w czasie pontyfikatu Grzegorza IX (1227-1241). Analiza problemu na podstawie C. 1-19, X, V, 6
Authors: Mrozek Kinga Anna
Published: October 2020

The chief purpose of the article is to show the position of the Catholic Church towards Jews, as manifested in a selected fragment of Decretales of Gregory IX. Medieval canon law regulated the relations between Christian and Jews in the domains of cult and everyday life. The 19 canons which the relevant fragment comprises were assigned to three categories: laws relating to cult, laws concerning economic issues, and laws providing for the protection of Jews.
Anglikanizm po Newmanie. Diagnoza współczesnych teologów anglikańskich
Authors: Kopiec Piotr
Published: October 2020

The artide presents symptoms of the crisis in Anglicanism using statistical data and theological approaches. Referring to the discussion within the Anglican church itself, author argues that liberal theology is one of the major factors which determine the condition of contemporary Anglican theology.
Nullus deum metus!; rec. książki: Patrycja Matusiak, Obraz Hannibala w literaturze antycznej
Authors: Wolny Miron
Published: October 2020

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Manubiae, praedae i spolia - określenia rzymskiej zdobyczy wojennej
Authors: Jarych Adam Jakub
Published: October 2020

In this paper the reader is acquainted with the most important issues associated with the proceeds of Roman plunder and pillage, to which the sources refers as manubiae, praeda and spólia. The deliberations are based on numerous narrative and epigraphic accounts, presenting the manner in which spoils of war were distributed by the leaders of the Re-publican period.
Transfiguracja symboli archetypowych w utworach Marty Tomaszewskiej
Authors: Miernik Agnieszka
Published: October 2020

An analysis of the process concerning transfer of archetypal symbols in fairy-tale plots, conducted firom the perspective of depth psychology (C.G. Jung), reveals the human being to be a culture creator (homo culturalis), who uses vivid language and aims at abstracting a multidimensional sense of existence. The paradigm of archetypal literary criticism (N. Frye) offers multidimensional insights into a work of literature and demonstrates the shifts of the arche, a constant adjustment of archetypes to the demands of the present. When attempting to determine the archetypal order in the works of Marta Tomaszewska, one should be aware of the fact that it is one of many possible efforts to read multi-perspective symbolic contents and it validates the thesis presuming an endless source of the collective unconscious.
Historia, memoria histórica o identidad? El „Arrano beltza”: un emblema normando
Authors: Pérez Francisco José Alfaro
Published: October 2020

This text discusses the origins of the sign of the black eagle (arrano beltza) in the Basque universe. The analysis demonstrates the roots of the emblem, which stems from the Frankish world and evinces its contribution to the 12th-century Iberian reconquest.
„Proszę, by wszystkim moim domownikom wypłacono gaże i pensje…” – odprawa dla służby i spłata długów Armanda de Bourbon, księcia de Conti po jego śmierci
Authors: Skrzypietz Aleksandra
Published: October 2020

The article presents the settlements and household accounts following the death of Armand de Bourbon, Prince of Conti, as well as testamentary and pre-mortem bequests the prince made to provide for his servants. Surviving documents show the decision taken by the executors of the last will, while the books reveal ambiguous, sometimes astonishing variation of amounts designated as wages and lifetime stipends for the prince’s domestics, as well as attest to the concern of the testator himself and his wife for the fates of people engaged in the household.
,,Niech zginą nałogi mięsno-wódczano-tytuniowo-modne”. Programy i idee polskich wegetarian XIX i początku XX stulecia
Authors: Pasieka Paweł
Published: October 2020

The article presents an analysis of the ideas and platforms developed by the first Polish vegetarians in the latter half of the 19th and in the early 20th century. The views of the following authors are considered: Konstanty Moes-Oskragiełło, Józef Drzewiecki, Janisław Jastrzębowski and Rajmund Jankowski. I draw attention to three basic features: anthropocentrism, eclecticism and a somewhat informal culture.
Między utopią socjalizmu a karykaturą Zachodu. Nie-dziecięca interpretacja świata przedstawionego w trylogii o skrzacie Nieumiałku Mikołaja Nosowa
Authors: Studenna-Skrukwa Marta
Published: October 2020

This paper attempts an interpretation of Nikolai Nosov’s novels about the adventures of Dunno, which enjoyed a cult status in the Soviet Union. Despite being children’s literature, they are examined in terms of themes that have little to do with young readers. The analysis is historical rather than literary, aiming chiefly to elucidate the cultural context and the social notions from the period of Khrushchev’s thaw. Here, the author undertakes to answer the questions concerning the extent to which the reality created by Nosov served to mould the socialist worldview as early as childhood and, simultaneously, whether it incidentally offered the adult reader an opportunity of intellectual escape into the officially condemned world.
Milczące wiersze. Obraz i podmiot na tle ekopoetyki
Authors: Stusek Marta
Published: October 2020

The paper aims to show the ecopoetic potential of minimalist poems, in which the lyrical subject remains out of sight. The text discusses poetic techniques of drawing  a bare picture of reality, which have the capacity to enact a novel, non-anthropocentric approach to non-human nature. The author combines interpretive practice with the concept of ecopoetics and literary genology.
Antyk ożywiany
Authors: Mrozewicz Leszek
Published: October 2020

Antyk ożywiany, rec. książki: Auferstehung der Antike. Archäologische Stätten Digital rekonstruiert
Writing histories at Êngkahonovita Ogwêvi: multicultural entanglement at Red Canyon, Wyoming
Authors: Scheiber Laura L. , Burnett Katherine L.
Published: October 2020

In Red Canyon, in the foothills of the Wyoming Rocky Mountains, lie three archaeological sites: a stagecoach station, a tipi ring campsite and a series of faded petroglyphs. Collectively, these three sites offer the opportunity to bridge the divide between the prehistoric and the historic, and to explore multiple forms of cultural entanglement in the American West. This article challenges the scholarly homogenisation of cultural diversity in this region by combining the narratives of these three archaeological sites to reconsider dichotomies between Native and Euro-American, immigrant and resident, and acculturation and tradition.