bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Triple Gene-Deleted Pseudorabies Virus-Vectored Subunit PCV2b and CSFV Vaccine Protect Pigs against a Virulent CSFV Challenge
Authors: Silva Ediane , Medina-Ramirez Elizabeth , Pavulraj Selvaraj , Gladue Douglas P. , Borca Manuel , Chowdhury Shafiqul I.
Published: October 2023

Classical swine fever (CSF) remains one of the most economically significant viral diseases affecting domestic pigs and wild boars worldwide. To develop a safe and effective vaccine against CSF, we have constructed a triple gene-deleted pseudorabies virus (PRVtmv)-vectored bivalent subunit vaccine against porcine circovirus type 2b (PCV2b) and CSFV (PRVtmv+). In this study, we determined the protective efficacy of the PRVtmv+ against virulent CSFV challenge in pigs. The results revealed that the sham-vaccinated control group pigs developed severe CSFV-specific clinical signs characterized by pyrexia and diarrhea, and became moribund on or before the seventh day post challenge (dpc). However, the PRVtmv+-vaccinated pigs survived until the day of euthanasia at 21 dpc. A few vaccinated pigs showed transient diarrhea but recovered within a day or two. One pig had a low-grade fever for a day but recovered. The sham-vaccinated control group pigs had a high level of viremia, severe lymphocytopenia, and thrombocytopenia. In contrast, the vaccinated pigs had a low–moderate degree of lymphocytopenia and thrombocytopenia on four dpc, but recovered by seven dpc. Based on the gross pathology, none of the vaccinated pigs had any CSFV-specific lesions. Therefore, our results demonstrated that the PRVtmv+ vaccinated pigs are protected against virulent CSFV challenge.
Immune-Cell-Based Therapy for COVID-19: Current Status
Authors: Wang Yiyuan , Liang Qinghe , Chen Fengsheng , Zheng Jiehuang , Chen Yan , Chen Ziye , Li Ruopeng , Li Xiaojuan
Published: October 2023

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become a global pandemic. The interplay between innate and adaptive immune responses plays a crucial role in managing COVID-19. Cell therapy has recently emerged as a promising strategy to modulate the immune system, offering immense potential for the treatment of COVID-19 due to its customizability and regenerative capabilities. This review provides an overview of the various subsets of immune cell subsets implicated in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and a comprehensive summary of the current status of immune cell therapy in COVID-19 treatment.
Evaluation of the Neutralizing Antibody STE90-C11 against SARS-CoV-2 Delta Infection and Its Recognition of Other Variants of Concerns
Authors: Abassi Leila , Bertoglio Federico , Mačak Šafranko Željka , Schirrmann Thomas , Greweling-Pils Marina , Seifert Oliver , Khan Fawad , Katzmarzyk Maeva , Jacobsen Henning , Gödecke Natascha , Heine Philip Alexander , Frenzel André , Nowack Helena , Dübel Stefan , Kurolt Ivan-Christian , Kontermann Roland E. , Markotić Alemka , Schubert Maren , Hust Michael , Čičin-Šain Luka
Published: October 2023

As of now, the COVID-19 pandemic has spread to over 770 million confirmed cases and caused approximately 7 million deaths. While several vaccines and monoclonal antibodies (mAb) have been developed and deployed, natural selection against immune recognition of viral antigens by antibodies has fueled the evolution of new emerging variants and limited the immune protection by vaccines and mAb. To optimize the efficiency of mAb, it is imperative to understand how they neutralize the variants of concern (VoCs) and to investigate the mutations responsible for immune escape. In this study, we show the in vitro neutralizing effects of a previously described monoclonal antibody (STE90-C11) against the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant (B.1.617.2) and its in vivo effects in therapeutic and prophylactic settings. We also show that the Omicron variant avoids recognition by this mAb. To define which mutations are responsible for the escape in the Omicron variant, we used a library of pseudovirus mutants carrying each of the mutations present in the Omicron VoC individually. We show that either 501Y or 417K point mutations were sufficient for the escape of Omicron recognition by STE90-C11. To test how escape mutations act against a combination of antibodies, we tested the same library against bispecific antibodies, recognizing two discrete regions of the spike antigen. While Omicron escaped the control by the bispecific antibodies, the same antibodies controlled all mutants with individual mutations.
Recent Advances in Cancer Immunotherapy with a Focus on FDA-Approved Vaccines and Neoantigen-Based Vaccines
Authors: Hargrave Anna , Mustafa Abu Salim , Hanif Asma , Tunio Javed H. , Hanif Shumaila Nida M.
Published: October 2023

Cancer immunotherapies refer to the concept of retraining the immune system to target malignant cells. Multiple immunotherapeutic options exist including immune modulating antibodies, immune stimulating cytokines, chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy, and vaccines. Overall, this field has advanced rapidly as knowledge of the tumor microenvironment, immunological pathways, and biotechnology expands. Specifically, advancements in neoantigen identification, characterization, and formulation into a vaccine show promise. This review is focused on previously United States Food and Drug Administration-approved cancer therapeutic vaccines and neoantigen-based vaccine developments along with the associated relevant clinical trials.
SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.86 (“Pirola”): Is it Pi or Just Another Omicron Sublineage?
Authors: Focosi Daniele , Spezia Pietro Giorgio , Maggi Fabrizio
Published: October 2023

The SARS-CoV-2 sublineage BA [...]
TRABALHO EDUCATIVO NA FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES: reflexões a partir do estágio supervisionado
Authors: Temoteo Paulo Antonio de Oliveira , Tostes Susane Silva , Queixas Ricardo Campos , Festozo Marina Battistetti
Published: October 2023

Este artigo tem o objetivo de relatar e analisar o trabalho educativo desenvolvido em uma escola estadual do sul de Minas Gerais, no âmbito do Estágio Supervisionado realizado em um curso de Ciências Biológicas. Consideramos “trabalho” como atividade vital do ser humano e que, por meio dele, homens e mulheres transformam a natureza e a si mesmos. Valemo-nos da Pesquisa Qualitativa como fundamento de nossa investigação, com relatos a partir da observação participante, tomando as experiências vivenciadas como objeto de estudo. Amparados pela Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica e também de abordagens críticas sobre o Estágio Supervisionado na formação docente, observamos e discutimos elementos importantes à compreensão do trabalho educativo: as condições do trabalho docente; as práticas pedagógicas dentro de sala de aula e alguns de seus obstáculos; observações do ambiente para além da sala de aula; um projeto de horta desenvolvido na Escola; reflexões sobre a individualização das responsabilidades e os desafios para as  práticas pedagógicas; e, finalmente, o Projeto Político Pedagógico e sua articulação com o trabalho educativo. A partir dessas discussões, entendemos e defendemos o Estágio Supervisionado como atividade potente para vivência-reflexão do trabalho educativo, um importante momento para a construção da identidade, valorização e formação de docentes como intelectuais críticos.
MANFAAT PENGGUNAAN MEDIA SOSIAL INSTAGRAM BAGI ORANG MUDA KATOLIK NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR DI YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Gale Stefanus , Tanureja Indra Sanjaya , Warsono Agustinus Tri Edy
Published: October 2023

The development of communication technology makes such a big change in the order of human life. Its development has succeeded in making everyone attached to media activities in their daily lives. The purpose of this study is to find out about the motivation and benefits of using instagram social media among young people today as millennial generation in their daily lives. The young people in question are no exception to the Nusa Tenggara Timur Catholic Youth. The approach used in this study is a descriptive qualitative approach with interviews with informants who are the subjects of this study. The results of the study show that Instagram social media makes a very significant contribution to social media users or activists, especially Nusa Tenggara Timur Catholic Youth. As social media activists, the Catholic Youth found many positive benefits such as; looking for information, expanding relationships, entertainment media, media reporting, learning media as well as promotional media and digital marketing
TOWARDS RECONCILIATION AS A RESPONSE TO RELIGIOUS AND SOCIAL CONFLICTS IN AN INDONESIAN CONTEXT
Authors: Hatmoko Tomas Lastari
Published: October 2023

Religious and social conflict is a problem that often occurs in the world. This problem has caused many victims, both the dead and those who were traumatized. Indonesia is a country that experiences inter-religious and social conflicts as well. A number of bloody events have occurred in several places. The focus of this paper is responding to these events especially in a Christian context. This is a concern because a number of conflicts and victims also involve Christians. In the midst of Christian life with other religions and social diversity, efforts to build reconciliation and peace are the main targets to be discussed in this paper. The author uses the literature method in this article. Through various literature, the author explores the idea of ​​reconciliation and offers several solutions, especially those that can be realized in the Indonesian context. This study invites anyone, especially members of the Church, to be involved in reconciliation in order to build peace in living together.
The Effect of EDTA on the Ability to Absorb Different Concentrations of Nickel, Cadmium, and Lead in Soil by Corn Plants
Authors: Asnaashari Ali , Sabzalipour Sima , Mohseni Far Kamran , Alavifazel Mojtaba
Published: October 2023

Background & Aims: The use of resistant and widely used species such as corn in agriculture and industry can be an effective solution for the bioremediation of soil pollutants, including heavy elements. The current research aimed to investigate the effect of EDTA on the ability to absorb different concentrations of heavy metals in the soil of corn plants in 2019. Materials and Methods: This research was conducted as a three-factor pilot design at concentrations of 0, 50, and 100 mg/kg in the greenhouse. The samples were analyzed using an atomic absorption device. The laboratory pilot design was based on Taguchi’s algorithm. Finally, transfer factor (TF), bioconcentration factor (BCF), and bioaccumulation coefficient (BAC) were calculated. Results: The results showed that different organs (root, stem, and leaf) show different levels of bioaccumulation under the influence of variable factors in different concentrations of heavy elements (nickel, cadmium, and lead). Also, there is a significant difference between the measured amounts of heavy elements in different organs of the corn plant (P≤0.05). The average TF levels for elements at concentrations of 50 and 100 mg/kg were 0.79 and 1.66 for nickel, 0.82 and 0.78 for cadmium and 1.361, 1.378, and 1.387 for lead. Based on the results, with the increase in nickel concentration, the absorption level increased, and with the increase in cadmium concentration, the absorption level decreased. Conclusion: The results of this research showed that it is possible to use EDTA to increase the efficiency of corn plants in absorbing heavy elements of nickel, cadmium, and lead.
Effects of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on Positive Affect, Negative Affect, and Emotional Exhaustion of Employees With Occupational Stress
Authors: Soltani Maryam , Farhadi Hadi , Manshaee Gholamreza , Mehdad Ali
Published: October 2023

Background & Aims: An increase in occupational stress can cause physical and psychological disorders as well as mental complications and emotional distress in employees. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on positive affect, negative affect, and emotional exhaustion of employees with occupational stress. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental research adopted a pretest-posttest control group design with follow-up. The statistical population included all employees with occupational stress at public organizations in Isfahan (Isfahan Province, Iran) in 2021. The convenience sampling method was employed to select 30 employees, who were randomly assigned to two 15-member groups called the MBSR group and the control group. The members of the MBSR group participated in eight intervention sessions, whereas the members of the control group received no intervention. After the participants completed the positive and negative affect and emotional exhaustion questionnaires in three stages, the repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for data analysis in SPSS 26. Results: The posttest and follow-up results indicated that the MBSR intervention decreased negative affect and exhaustion and increased positive affect in employees with occupational stress (P<0.001). The repeated measures ANOVA results of within-group effects showed that the effects of treatment were persistent (P<0.001). Conclusion: According to the results, MBSR could improve positive affect and mitigate negative affect and emotional exhaustion in employees. Organizations can use MBSR courses to promote the psychological and emotional well-being of their staff.
Evaluation of Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior of Beauty Salon Workers Towards AIDS in Songhor
Authors: Mohammadi Mitra , Gholami Bahare , Shahbazi Sadegh , Almasi Ali
Published: October 2023

Background & Aims: Iran is one of three countries with two-thirds of new infection AIDS in 2018, reaching 11,000 new infections. Therefore, measuring the awareness and subsequent health behaviors of high-risk groups is essential. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 beauty salon workers (BSWs) in Songhor, Kermanshah were randomly selected to participate in this study. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire in four sections (individual questions, knowledge, attitude and practice). Data were analyzed by descriptive and analytical statistics in SPSS 20. Results: Regarding marital status 80% were married with age distribution of 16-25 (4%), 26-35 (56%) and 36-50 (40%), educational status 48% diploma and 68% of job experience of 1-10 years. Seventy-six percent of BSWs do tattoos for clients, 33% never used disposable razors and 28% disinfected the equipment incorrect. Their knowledge on HIV transmission methods was desirable, however was no significant correlation between knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) (P>0.05). Conclusion: Health centers staff played a major role in the training of hairdressers, and in Iran, television and radio is facing serious restrictions on AIDS training and transmission and prevention methods. There is a need for training programs to improve the health behaviors of this high risk group.
BİR ÜNİVERSİTE HASTANESİNDE TIPTA UZMANLIK ÖĞRENCİLERİNDE TÜKENMİŞLİK DURUMU VE COVID-19 KORKUSU
Authors: Alıcılar Halit Emin , Çöl Meltem
Published: October 2023

Sağlık çalışanlarının tükenmişlik sorunu, pandemide zorlaşan çalışma koşulları ve COVID-19 korkusu ile daha da artmıştır. COVID-19 sürecinde en önde görev alan tıpta uzmanlık öğrencileri, en çok etkilenen gruplardan biridir. Bu çalışmada, bir üniversite hastanesindeki uzmanlık öğrencilerinin tükenmişlik ve COVID-19 korkusu değerlendirilerek ilişkili etmenleri saptamak amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma kesitsel tipte olup Eylül-Kasım 2021’de Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi’nde çalışan tıpta uzmanlık öğrencilerinde yürütülmüştür. Örnekleme seçilen 400 kişiden 324’ü araştırmaya katılmış, veriler tanımlayıcı bilgilerin yanısıra Türkçe uyarlaması yapılmış olan Maslach Tükenmişlik Ölçeği (MTÖ) ve Koronavirüs Korkusu Ölçeği (KKÖ) kullanılarak çevrim içi toplanmıştır. MTÖ’de duygusal tükenme (DT) ve duyarsızlaşma (D) puanlarının yüksek, kişisel başarı (KB) puanının düşük olması yüksek tükenmişlikle ilişkilidir. KKÖ’de puan arttıkça COVID-19 korkusu artışını göstermektedir. Verilerin analizinde SPSS 26 programı kullanılmış, tekli analizlerde anlamlı saptanan değişkenler için çoklu lineer regresyon analizi uygulanmıştır. Araştırmaya katılanların yaş ortalaması 28,03±2,48 yıl olup %59’u kadındı. DT puanı 19,20±7,88, D puanı 8,00±4,11, KB puanı 18,48±4,78; KKÖ puanı 15,72±5,06 idi. Yoğun çalışma koşulları, şiddet, baskı, psikolojik destek ihtiyacı, yetersiz maaş gibi faktörlerin yanı sıra yüksek COVID-19 korkusu da tükenmişliğin çeşitli alt boyutlarını anlamlı ölçüde etkilemiştir. COVID-19 korkusu ise ileri yaşta, kadınlarda, evde 65 yaş üstü bireyle yaşayanlarda, uyku düzeni bozulanlarda, ailesinden ayrılanlarda ve pandemide görev almayanlarda daha yüksek bulunmuştur. İlişkili faktörlere dayanarak iş yükünün ve stresin azaltılması, çalışma sürelerinin kısıtlanması, olanakların iyileştirilmesi ve sağlıkta şiddetin çözümlenmesi önerilmiştir.
UZAKTAN SAĞLIK HİZMETİ SUNUMUNA GÜVEN: ÖLÇEK GELİŞTİRME ÇALIŞMASI
Authors: Uysal Dilek , Ciğerci Kübra
Published: October 2023

Teknolojinin akıl almaz gelişimi insanın içinde bulunduğu her alanda özellikle sağlık hizmeti sunumunda büyük rol oynamaktadır. Çalışmada teknoloji ile yer edinen uzaktan sağlık hizmeti sunumuna karşı bireylerdeki güven düzeyini belirleyen ölçek geliştirilmeye çalışılmıştır. 401 bireyden toplanan verilerin; açımlayıcı, doğrulayıcı faktör analizleri ve güvenilirlik analizleri yapılarak 9 maddeli tek boyuttan oluşan ölçek yapısı elde edilmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda Cronbach’ın alfa değeri 0,939, faktör yükleri 0,70 in üzerinde, uyum indeks değerleri kabul edilebilir ve mükemmel uyum değerleri ile ölçek geçerlik kazanmış olup çalışmaya katılan bireylerin uzaktan sağlık hizmetine güven düzeyleri ölçek puan ortalaması 3,42±0,82 olarak bulunmuştur. Uzaktan Sağlık Hizmeti Sunumuna Güven Ölçeği 5’li Likert tipi ve 9 faktör tek boyut olarak son şeklini almıştır.
PANDEMİYİ BÜTÜNCÜL OLARAK DEĞERLENDİREN NİTEL BİR ÇALIŞMA: PANDEMİ SÜRECİNİN SİGARA KULLANIM ALIŞKANLIKLARINA ETKİSİ
Authors: Bulca Acar Aysima , Köksal Yasin Yağmur
Published: October 2023

İnsan sağlığı üzerinde olumsuz etkilere neden olan sigara; ülkemizde ve dünyada halen en ciddi sorunların başında gelmektedir. Çeşitli kişisel ve çevresel faktörlerin bireylerin sigara içme alışkanlıklarını etkilediği bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmada sigara kullanımı olan bireylerin pandemi döneminde sigara kullanımlarına yönelik tutum ve davranışlarının incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma yöntemi olarak nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden fenomenoloji deseni benimsenmiştir. Mayıs-Haziran 2022 tarihlerinde yüz yüze yapılan görüşmelerde araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan beş ana sorudan oluşan yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Toplamda altı erkek ve altı kadınla Antalya il merkezinde 24-33 dakikalık görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Çalışmada NVivo 12 programı ile tematik içerik analizi yapılmıştır. Tematik içerik analizi sonucunda üç ana tema ortaya çıkmıştır. Elde edilen ana temalar; “pandeminin sosyal yaşama etkileri”, “pandeminin sağlık algısı üzerine etkileri” ve “sigarayı bırakma yaklaşımı”dır. Katılımcılar dışarı çıkma yasağı ve pandeminin getirdiği hastalık riskinin streslerini daha da artırdığını, kendilerini kısıtlanmış hissettiklerini ifade ettiler. Dışarı çıkma yasağına bağlı sigara alımına erişememe ya da aileden gizleme gibi nedenlerle sigara kullanımında azalma olduğu gibi stres artışı ve meşguliyet azalması gibi nedenlerle sigara kullanımı artan katılımcılar da vardı. Pandeminin getirdiği riskler bazı katılımcıları daha fazla etkilerken bazı katılımcıları hiç etkilememişti. Çalışmamızın sonuçları sigara kullanım durumunun sağlık kaygısının yanında sosyal ve psikolojik durumlarla birlikte ele alınması gerektiğini desteklemektedir.
ATTITUDES OF PUBLIC TOWARDS COVID-19 VACCINE IN TURKEY
Authors: Tosun Gözde , Beyhun Nazım Ercüment , Topbaş Murat , Turhan Sevil , Dilaver İrem , Çil Elif , Parlak Somuncu Büşra , Ağralı Cansu
Published: October 2023

The aim of the study is to determine the attitude of the public towards the COVID-19 vaccine and the factors affecting the vaccination decision shortly before the start of the vaccination program in Turkey. The study was a descriptive study conducted with the participation of 1098 people aged ≥18 years living in Turkey in December 2020, when COVID-19 vaccination practices had not yet started in Turkey. The sociodemographic characteristics, chronic disease and vaccination history, COVID-19 disease history, COVID-19 vaccination decision, and fear of COVID-19 were assessed with an online questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the factors affecting the vaccination decision. 42.9% (n=471) of the participants were undecided the COVID-19 vaccine. The "concerns about the side effects of COVID-19 vaccine" had the most negative impact (42.6%, n=468), on vaccination decisions. The likelihood of vaccine hesitation/rejection reduced as the "COVID-19 Fear" scale score grew (OR=0.95, %95 CI:0.93-0.97; p<0.001). Vaccine hesitation/rejection was 1.6 times higher in women (OR=1.65, %95 CI:1.24-2.20; p=0.001), 1.7 times higher among those who had not gotten an H1N1 vaccine in 2009 (OR=1.76, %95 CI:1.17-2.64; p<0.05) and 1.4 times higher (OR=1.45, %95 CI:1.06-1.98; p<0.05) in those who had never received a seasonal influenza vaccine. This study showed that there is significant vaccine hesitancy before widespread vaccination. Immunization history is one of the factors determining attitude towards a vaccine in development. The key factors influencing vaccine decisions appeared to be concerns about vaccine efficacy and safety.
SAĞLIKLI KADINLARDA KANSERE İLİŞKİN BEDEN ALGISI, KANSER DAMGA DÜZEYİ VE İLİŞKİLİ FAKTÖRLER
Authors: Susuz Çağla , Özvarış Şevkat Bahar
Published: October 2023

Kanser taraması yaptırmak için Kanser Erken Teşhis ve Tedavi Merkezi'ne başvuran, kanser tanısı almamış kadınların kanser damga düzeyini, kansere ilişkin beden algılarını ve bunlarla ilişkili faktörleri saptamak amaçlanmıştır. 2 Aralık 2019 - 26 Ocak 2020 tarihleri arasında kanser taraması yaptırmak için başvuran kadınlara kanser taraması yapıldıktan sonra araştırmacı tarafından yüz yüze görüşme tekniği ile katılımcıların sosyodemografik özelliklerini, Kanser Damga Ölçeğini, kansere ilişkin beden algısını ve kanser risk faktörleri hakkında bilgiyi değerlendiren soruları içeren veri toplama formu uygulanmıştır. Analizler 500 kadın katılımcının verileri üzerinden yürütülmüştür. Katılımcıların %38,6’sı 50-59 yaş aralığında olup %88,6’sı daha önce kanser taraması yaptırmış, %31,1’i tarama yaptırmayı ertelemiş, erteleyenlerin %41,6’sı kanser tanısı almaktan korkma veya kaygılanma sebebiyle kanser taraması yaptırmayı ertelemiştir. Üniversite veya üstü eğitim alan, daha önce kanser taraması yaptıran, ailesinde sağlık çalışanı olan katılımcıların kanser damga puanı daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Ortaokul ve üzerinde eğitim almış, arkadaşlarında, iş arkadaşlarında ve komşularında kanser olan katılımcıların kanser bilgi puanları daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Kanser damga puanı yüksek veya kanser bilgi puanı düşük olan katılımcıların kansere ilişkin beden algısının olumsuz olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Kadınların sağlık okuryazarlık düzeyinin artırılması ve kanser hakkındaki her türlü bilgi paylaşımının kanser damgası perspektifiyle yapılmasının yararlı olabileceği düşünülmüştür.
KAYSERİ İL MERKEZİNDE PREMENSTRÜEL SENDROM SIKLIĞI VE İLİŞKİLİ FAKTÖRLER
Authors: Poyrazoğlu Serpil , Günay Osman
Published: October 2023

Premenstrüel sendrom (PMS), oldukça sık görülen bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. PMS’li kadınların çoğunluğu, yakınmalarının normal olduğunu düşünerek sağlık örgütlerine başvurmaktan kaçındıkları için sorunun boyutlarını belirlemek güçtür. Bu çalışma, üreme çağındaki kadınlarda PMS ve semptomlarının sıklığını ve çeşitli faktörlerle ilişkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Kesitsel araştırma şeklinde planlanan çalışmamızda Kayseri il merkezinde bulunan 203 ebe bölgesinden rastgele seçilen 34 bölgeye ait hane kayıtları kullanılarak, her ebe bölgesinden bir hane rastgele seçilmiş, seçilen her haneden başlamak üzere 15–49 yaş kadınlar 50 kişiye ulaşıncaya kadar ardışık olarak örnekleme alınmıştır. Araştırmaya alınan 1019 kadına 52 sorudan oluşan anket formu ve Premenstrüel Sendrom Ölçeği (PMSÖ) ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Verilerin istatistiksel analizinde unpaired t testi, tek yönlü ANOVA (post hoc Tukey), Ki-kare testi ve Pearson korelasyon testi kullanılmıştır. Katılımcıların ortalama PMS puanı 102,9±35,1, PMS prevalansı %39,8 olarak bulunmuştur. Sigara içenlerde, genel sağlık algısı kötü olanlarda, ev dışında çalışanlarda, dismenoresi olanlarda ve annesinde veya kız kardeşinde PMS yakınmaları olanlarda PMS sıklığı daha fazladır (p<0,05). Yaş, öğrenim düzeyi, ekonomik durum ve evlilik durumu ile PMS sıklığı arasında ilişki bulunmadı. Araştırma kapsamına alınan kadınların yaklaşık %40’ında PMS vardır. PMS sıklığı ile sigara içme, çalışma durumu, dismenore, genel sağlık algısı ve yakın akrabalarda PMS öyküsü arasında ilişki vardır. PMS yakınmaları olan kadınların sağlık örgütlerine başvurmaları ve gerekli tıbbi yardımı almaları sağlanmalıdır.
Mimarlık Öğrencilerinin Sanal Gerçeklik Ortamında Safranbolu Tabakhanesinde Rölöve Alma Deneyimi
Authors: Küçükkara Muhammed Yusuf , Özacar Kasım , Ortakcı Yasin
Published: October 2023

Doğal afetler ve insan kaynaklı tahribatlar sebebi ile zarar gören tarihi yapılar ilk haline en yakın bir görünüme kavuşacak şekilde restore edilmektedir. Aynı zamanda mimarlık öğrencileri bu yapılar üzerinde restorasyon süreçlerini öğrenmek için araştırmalar yapmakta ve bilgi toplamaktadır. Fakat erişebilirliği kısıtlayan pandemi, hastalık, tehlike ve olumsuz hava gibi koşullar öğrencilerin bu yapılara erişmelerini engellemektedir. Bu çalışma, mimarlık öğrencilerinin restorasyon derslerinde tarihi yapıları inceleme sırasında yaşadıkları erişim zorluklarını Sanal Gerçeklik (SG) teknolojisinden faydalanarak gidermeyi ve özellikle öğrencilere uzaktan erişimle, restorasyon dersindeki ölçme tekniklerini sanal ortamda uygulamalı olarak öğretmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında, restorasyon öncesi veri toplama işlemi tamamlanmış olan Tarihi Safranbolu Tabakhane Binası gerçek ölçüleri ile modellenmiş ve sanal gerçeklik ortamına aktarılmıştır. Öğrencilerin bu binada etkileşimli olarak beraber çalışabilmeleri için geleneksel ölçme araçları olan metre, su hortumu, şakül ve yazı tahtasının sanal versiyonları sisteme entegre edilmiştir. Böylece mimari restorasyon alanında literatürde yer alan diğer çalışmalardan farklı olarak, birden fazla öğrencinin fiziksel olarak farklı ortamlarda olmalarına rağmen aynı ortamdaymış gibi eş zamanlı olarak birbirleriyle etkileşimde bulunduğu, sesli ve görsel iletişim kurabildikleri sanal bir eğitim ortamı oluşturulmuştur. Kullanıcı deneyi sonrası yapılan anketlerde, öğrencilerin geliştirilen yönteme genellikle olumlu bakış açısı sergiledikleri ve anketteki toplam 14 ifadenin puanlamasında sistemin %88,62’lik bir puan ortalamasına ulaştığı gözlemlenmiştir. Sonuçlar, sanal gerçekliğin yüz yüze eğitime ulaşımın olmadığı durumlarda, restorasyon derslerine yönelik uygulamalı bir eğitim fırsatı sunduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.
Sistem kontrol dan monitoring alat pakan ikan otomatis tenaga surya berbasis Internet of Things
Authors: Rahayu Andri Ulus , Aris Risnandar Muhammad , Taufiqurrahman Imam
Published: October 2023

Hasil budidaya ikan air tawar para petani Indonesia masih belum mampu memenuhi kebutuhan konsumsi ikan di Indonesia. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi adalah pemberian pakan yang tidak tepat sehingga hasil panen tidak memuaskan. Tujuan dari riset ini adalah untuk membuat sebuah sistem pemberian pakan ikan otomatis yang memiliki tingkat akurasi yang baik dalam pemberian jumlah pakan dan waktu pemberian pakan sesuai kebutuhan. Metode yang digunakan adalah dengan mengatur delay putaran motor yang berfungsi melontarkan pakan. Alat pemberi pakan ikan otomatis ini menggunakan tenaga surya sebagai sumber energi listrik, sehingga tidak memerlukan suplay listrik dari PLN. Alat ini juga memanfaatkan konsep Internet of Things (IoT) sebagai sistem kontrol dan pemantauan alat alat itu sendiri. Para petani ikan dapat mengendalikan pemberian pakan tanpa harus datang langsung ke kolam ikan. Aplikasi Android dibuat sebagai antarmuka pengguna yang digunakan oleh petani ikan untuk mengendalikan dan memantau alat tersebut. Hasil uji coba menunjukkan bahwa alat pemberi pakan ikan otomatis berhasil mengeluarkan pakan sesuai dengan takaran dan waktu yang telah ditentukan.
Optimalisasi pembebanan dan konsumsi bahan bakar pada generator di kapal motor Sena Express
Authors: Nugraha I Made Aditya , Luthfiani Febi , We Jendri
Published: October 2023

Kapal Motor (KM) Sena Express merupakan salah satu kapal yang melayani penyebarangan di Nusa Tenggara Timur. Kapal ini tentu saja harus didukung dengan mesin yang baik untuk dapat memberikan rasa aman dan nyaman kepada seluruh penumpang dan awak kapal. Kurang optimalnya atas sistem kelistrikan dan konsumsi bahan bakar generator pada kapal, maka diperlukan suatu kajian lebih lanjut. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis optimalisasi pembebanan dan konsumsi bahan bakar pada KM Sena Ekspress. Metode dekriptif analitik dengan observasi, wawancara, perhitungan beban listrik, dan konsumsi bahan bakar digunakan dalam mendukung kegiatan ini. Berdasarkan hasil analisis didapatkan bahwa total beban dan energi listrik sebesar 1655 W dan 25,8 kWh, dengan persentase pembebanan 55,17%. Meskipun kapasitas generator masih dapat menyuplai kebutuhan beban listrik di atas kapal, namun persentase pembebanan ini perlu ditingkatkan kembali hingga mencapai 60% sampai 86%. Hal ini dilakukan untuk keamanan, masa penggunaan, dan keekonomian dari generator. Sedangkan, untuk konsumsi bahan bakar generator selama beroperasi dibutuhkan solar sebanyak 7,2 sampai 10,8 liter. Untuk mengoptimalkan konsumsi bahan bakar ini, maka dapat dilakukan dengan membawa cadangan solar sebanyak lebih dari 1,3 liter.
KARAKTERISASI SERAT PANGAN DAN AKTIVITAS PENYERAPAN ION NITRIT DARI CANGKANG BIJI PALA
Authors: Tuwohingide Silvana Yoce , Suryanto Edi , Koleangan Harry S.J. , Wuntu Audy D.
Published: October 2023

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menentukan kandungan serat pangan dari serbuk cangkang pala serta aktivitas penyerapannya terhadap ion nitrit. Penelitian ini terdiri dari beberapa tahap yaitu karakterisasi fisik tepung cangkang pala, penentuan kandungan serat pangan dan penentuan kapasitas penyerapan ion nitrit. Hasil karakteristik secara fisik dengan particle size analayzer menunjukkan rata-rata ukuran partikel serbuk cangkang pala yang tanpa perlakuan (TPCP) lebih tinggi (43,67 µm)  kemudiaan diikuti dengan serbuk cangkang pala yang dihomogeninsasi dengan pelarut aquades (ACP) (41,07 µm) dan serbuk cangkang pala yang dihomogeninsasi dengan pelarut etano l (ECP) (37,21 µm). Hasil karakterisasi secara fisik serbuk cangkang pala yang dihomogenisasi dengan aquades (ACP), yang dihomogenisasi dengan etanol (ECP) dan cangkang pala tanpa perlakuan (TPCP) dengan Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) menunjukkan adanya serapan pada bilangan gelombang 3425,58 cm-1 yang mengindikasikan gugus hidroksil dari selulosa, bilangan gelombang 2900,94 cm-1  menunjukkan vibrasi C H dari senyawa polisakarida, bilangan gelombang 1265,3 cm-1 yang mengindikasikan adanya vibrasi kerangka aromatik yang berasal dari lignin serta serapan pada 1049,28 cm-1 yang berkaitan dengan C O C dari ikatan glikosidik. Hasil penentuan kapasitas penangkal nitrit menunjukan bahwa penyerapan tertinggi terdapat pelarut aquades kemudian diikuti oleh pelarut etanol dan yang terendah terdapat pada sampel tanpa perlakuan.
Potensi Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera L.) sebagai Vitamin C Herbal dan Aplikasinya pada Mie Basah
Authors: Viona Regina , Fatimah Feti , Wuntu Audy Denny
Published: October 2023

Tanaman Kelor dianggap sebagai tanaman yang sangat bergizi dan mengandung banyak sekali nutrisi. Tanaman kelor dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan pangan salah satunya sebagai mie basah. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui berapa banyak kandungan vitamin C dalam daun kelor dan juga untuk mengetahui bagaimana kualitas mie basah dengan penambahan daun kelor. Metode yang digunakan adalah preparasi sampel, ekstraksi, pengukuran kadar vitamin C dalam daun kelor,  pembuatan mie basah, uji organoleptik yang meliputi uji tekstur, warna, aroma, rasa dan kesukaan umum, uji proksimat yang meliputi uji kadar air, kadar abu, kadar protein, kadar lemak dan kadar karhobidrat, serta pengukuran kadar vitamin C yang terdapat dalam mie basah dengan substitusi daun kelor. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran kadar vitamin C diketahui bahwa daun kelor mengandung vitamin C sebanyak 1,89 mg/g. Dari hasil uji proksimat diketahui bahwa kualitas mie basah dengan penambahan daun kelor memiliki kadar air 30,72%, kadar abu 1,51%, kadar protein 9,74%, kadar lemak 4,02% dan karbohidrat 53,83% yang dimana sesuai dengan SNI 01-2891-1992.
Ukuran Perusahaan dan Tax Avoidance: Peran Moderasi Kepemilikan Institusional
Authors: Lestari Heppy Widya , Subiyantoro Edy , Pangastuti Dyah Ani
Published: October 2023

This research explores the influence of firm size on tax avoidance and the moderating role of institutional ownership in the manufacturing sector, specifically in the food and beverage subsector. The manufacturing sector plays a crucial role in providing essential food and beverage products to society. In a dynamic business environment with stringent tax regulations, tax avoidance practices have become a significant concern. The study aims to understand how firm size affects tax avoidance behavior and how institutional ownership moderates this relationship. Findings will contribute insights for better tax planning strategies, compliance, and governance in the food and beverage manufacturing industry. The research results show that company size has a significant positive effect on the tax avoidance variable in manufacturing companies in the consumer goods industry sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange.
Proof-of-concept demonstration of double-slope-assisted Brillouin optical correlation-domain reflectometry
Authors: Suzuki Yukihiro , Lee Heeyoung , Sasage Haruki , Noda Kohei , Nakamura Kentaro , Mizuno Yosuke
Published: October 2023

We develop a new configuration of distributed strain and temperature sensing technology called double-slope-assisted Brillouin optical correlation-domain reflectometry. Its loss-independent operation is demonstrated through simplified simulation and proof-of-concept experiments using a standard silica single-mode fiber.
PID Temperature Control on Blood Warmer Equipped with Patient Temperature and Blood Temperature
Authors: Santoso Clarissa Grace , Hamzah Torib , Syaifudin Syaifudin , Mujahid Muhammad Umer Farooq
Published: October 2023

Body temperature in humans varies greatly depending on the location where the reading is taken. Normal core body temperature in humans is maintained by the hypothalamus and usually ranges from 36.5°C to 37.5°C. One of the causes of failure in the blood transfusion process can cause death in humans, one of the factors is the blood temperature that is too high or too low during the blood transfusion process can cause the blood to become frozen or damaged, therefore the purpose of this tool is to lower the blood temperature admission to the patient can be achieved so that there is no reduction in temperature or decrease in temperature and so that the blood is not allowed to get too hot because it can cause damage to red blood cells. This study uses the DS18B20 Sensor to control the heater with PID and Fuzzy controls, the MLX90614 Sensor to set the temperature according to the patient's body temperature and the Optocoupler Sensor as an indicator when fluids run out. When using the PID control with Kp = 4, Ki = 1, and Kd = 4, a faster response time is obtained and there is an overshoot with the highest error value of 0.77 and an average error value of 0.02. The results of the study are displayed on the TFT Nextion. From the results of the research above, it can be concluded that using PID control the response time is faster, but there are drawbacks to high overshoot.
Anc Bed For Preeclamsi Early Detection Using Web System
Authors: Ramadhan Fiqih Fahrur , Pudji Andjar , Mak’ruf Muhammad Ridha , Misra Shubhrojit
Published: October 2023

One of the causes of the high maternal mortality rate is dominated by three factors, one of which is preeclampsia. Preeclampsia is a condition in which the mother experiences hypertension and changes in BMI (Body Mass Index) at the 20th week of gestation. Preeclampsia indications in pregnant women are related to examinations, namely Antenatal care (ANC). Antenatal care is one of the prenatal checks with certain standards. Pregnant women need extra antenatal supervision from health workers. Preeclampsia detection carried out in health care facilities is currently considered to be still not optimal so that there are still many cases of preeclampsia that are not handled properly. One of the efforts that can be made to improve services for pregnant women is with a web-based ANC examination. The purpose of this study is to analyze NIBP and BMI data sent and received by IoT media so that they are useful for the diagnostic process. The contribution of this research is knowing the response of NIBP and BMI data sent and received via IoT media. The procedure for achieving this goal is with the MPX5050 sensor and Loadcell whose output will be processed and displayed on a web page. From this study it can be concluded that the sending of IoT-based NIBP and IMT data affects lost data or delays received. The findings from this study are expected to be developed in further research. So that it can be said that the use of the ESP32 module as the delivery of ANC BED inspection results resulted in no loss of data found in sending ANC inspection results with 100% data results being sent without any data loss and delay with an average of 2 seconds.
Utilization of Webcam Cameras as X-Ray Image Capture (kV Settings and Shutter Sensors)
Authors: Dwara Ni Made Wagiswari , Mak’ruf Muhammad Ridha , Indrato Tri Bowo
Published: October 2023

The result of x-ray imagery is generally in the form of film sheets. To obtain an image, the film must pass through the process of processing with chemicals. Departing from these problems, efforts were made to develop digital x-ray detectors using much cheaper devices. By using voltage variations and also sensors that aim to find out the difference in the quality of the resulting image. The contribution of this study is that the system can display negative image results from webcam camera captures that have previously passed the image processing process with the Matrix Laboratory (MATLAB) Application. The measurement ranges used are 60, 65, and 70 kV. with a set mA of 25mA, a duration of irradiation of 1 second, and a moderate intensity of illumination light. From the measurement results, it shows that the X-ray Image Capture Tool can be compared with the image results from the Philip brand DR with the MSE value obtained, which is 34.8775 with parameters Phototransistor BPT1331, 70kV, and 25mA. And the lowest MSE value is 61.7615 with parameters LDR, 66kV, 25mA. The results of this study indicate that the tool can be used to capture X-rays.
ECG and NIBP Simulators in One Device Display on TFT Nextion
Authors: Melinda Cantika , Wisana I Dewa Gede Hari , Pudji Andjar , Triwiyanto Triwiyanto
Published: October 2023

Accurate monitoring of NIBP (Non-Invasive Blood Pressure) parameters using vital sign monitors is crucial for patient care. Therefore, calibration of vital sign monitors is essential to ensure their safety and reliability. The purpose of this study is a vital sign simulator was developed, integrating ECG and NIBP parameters with a TFT Nextion display, to calibrate ECG and NIBP readings on vital sign monitors. The system utilized the Arduino Mega 2560 as the central controller and the MPX5050GP sensor for NIBP measurement and motor pump control. The NIBP parameters were measured at two settings: 60/30 and 80/50. The results showed a maximum systolic error of 3.5% and a diastolic error of 5.6% for the NIBP setting of 80/50. The largest standard deviation value of 2.05 was observed at the NIBP setting of 60/30. The highest uncertainty value of 0.5 was also found in the NIBP 60/30 setting. The obtained data indicated stable module readings within the acceptable threshold for vital sign monitor calibration. The developed vital sign simulator offers a reliable means of calibrating NIBP parameters, enabling accurate blood pressure measurements. Further research and refinement can be conducted to enhance the system's precision and expand its capabilities for calibration of additional vital sign parameters. By ensuring accurate calibration, healthcare professionals can rely on vital sign monitors for effective patient monitoring and diagnosis.
Hubungan Imaginary Audience dan Personal Fable Terhadap Kecenderungan Cyberbullying Remaja
Authors: Nurhanifah  , Mawardah Mutia
Published: October 2023

Perkembangani mediai sosiali yangi semakini pesati dikalangani remaja dapati dimanfaatkani sebagailalati komunikasil yangi mudahi digunakanl dani diakses, membawai treni barui dalami masyarakati sebagail mediai untuki melakukani penindasani secarai onlinel ataui yangi dikenali dengani cyberbullying. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa SMP Negeri 4 Keluang. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 131 siswa. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik probability sampling, yaitu simple random sampling. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara imaginary audience dan personal fable terhadap kecenderungan cyberbullying remaja SMP Negeri 4 Keluang yang ditunjukkan oleh nilai R=0,800 dan p<0,01, dengan nilai Adjust R Square sebesar 0,634 (63,4%). Secara terpisah imaginary audience memiliki hubungan positif dan memiliki pengaruh dengan nilai korelasi (r)=0,406 dan memiliki sumbangan efektif sebesar 0,158. Variabel  personal fable secara terpisah memiliki hubungan positif dan memiliki pengaruh dengan nilai korelasi (r)=0,683 dan memiliki sumbangan efektif sebesar 0,463.
Budaya Membaca Mahasiswa Ditinjau dari Minat Membaca
Authors: Maeja Jhon Daeng , Laka Laurensius
Published: October 2023

Membaca mempunyai banyak manfaat, terutama untuk pendidikan dan kehidupan bermasyarakat. Akan tetapi nilai penting dari budaya membaca belum disadari oleh semua pihak termasuk mahasiswa. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh minat membaca terhadap budaya membaca pada mahasiswa Program Studi Pelayanan Pastoral STP-IPI Malang. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, dan analisis data menggunakan regresi linier sederhana. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan nilai probabilitas F-statistics sebesar 0,000 < α (α = 0,05). Artinya, ada pengaruh minat membaca terhadap budaya membaca. Korelasi antarvariabel dapat dikategorikan kuat (0,710), dan koefisien determinasi (R2) sebesar 0,504 (50,4%), dimaknai besarnya variasi budaya membaca yang dapat dijelaskan berdasarkan variasi minat membaca. Sisanya (49,6%) disebabkan oleh faktor lain di luar penelitian ini.
Grit Mahasiswa Tingkat Akhir Ditinjau Dari Self-Discipline dan Self-Control
Authors: Astrella Nathania Bayu , Kholifah Nanik , Chusnah Arinal , Kurniawati Putri Dewi
Published: October 2023

Kurangnya motivasi dan semangat menjadi salah satu penghambat mahasiswa akhir dalam mengerjakan skripsi,  hal itu disebabkan kemampuan grit yang rendah serta dipengaruhi oleh self discipline dan self control. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh Grit mahasiswa akhir di Universitas ABC terhadap self discipline dan self  control dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, dan sampel 234 mahasiswa tingkat akhir yang sedang mengerjakan skripsi. Pengambilan data menggunakan Skala Grit, Skala Self-Control, dan Skala Self-Discipline. Data analisis dengan menggunakan regresi berganda SPSS statistic 22. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan nilai F sebesar 190,881 > F tabel 3,0345 dengan p = 0,00 (p < 0,05). Oleh karena itu dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh simultan yang signifikan dari self discipline dan self control terhadap grit pada mahasiswa tingkat akhir, dengan sumbangan sebesar 62,7%.
PENGARUH MEDIA PENDINGIN PADA BAJA EKSTRA KNL MELALUI PROSES HARDENING PADA SUHU 1020°C
Authors: Soedarmadji Wisma , Fuadi Royyan
Published: October 2023

Pada proses produksi  khususnya di proses pemesinan untuk membentuk sebuah produk perlu memahami material yang harus dibentuk. Dalam hal ini material yang dipakai yaitu Baja perkakas K110 KNL EXTRA (BOHLER) secara umum merupakan baja perkakas dengan karbon dan chromium tinggi, disertai dengan unsur paduan lain terutama molybdenum dan vanadium. Baja ini membutuhkan daya tahan aus yang tinggi, dengan ketangguhan yang sedang. Permasalahan yang terjadi pada saat proses pembentukan pengerolan dan proses pemesinan material ini akan cepat aus dan cacat, maka perlu dilakukan proses perlakuan Hardening  dengan suhu 1020°C dengan media pendinginan udara terhadap peningkatan nilai kekerasan baja KNL EXTRA”. Untuk mengetahui perubahan kekerasan sebelum dan sesudah di lakukan hardening di perlukan sebuah hardness test atau alat ukur kekerasan untuk mengetahui kekerasan yang di miliki oleh suatu bahan. Ada berbagai macam cara mengetahui tingkat kekerasan Salah satunya adalah dengan metode Rockwell. Bahan uji baja KNL EXTRA dengan diameter 230 cm dengan panjang 220 cm dilakukan empat titik yang berbeda sebelum di hardening rata rata HRB 92,4 kemudian di uji dengan perlaku hardening dengan suhu 1020°C dengan pendinginan udara selama 12 jam, 24 jam dan 48 jam hasil kekerasan sama perubahan tidak signifikan yaitu rata-rata HRC 61,4 sesuai dengan rentang skala pada metode pengujian rockwell 20-100 HRB merupakan baja lunak sedangkan 20 -77 HRC baja keras hal ini menandakan bahwa bahan yang lebih keras dari HRB 100. Baja ini juga di uji coba setelah dihardening dengan pendinginan oli  nilai kekerasannya meningkat rata-rata HRC 62,4
ANALISIS DESAIN STRUKTUR MESIN PENGERING KAIN PEL: INOVASI UNTUK EFISIENSI DAN KUALITAS
Authors: Wijaya Ahlun , Subagyo Tulus , Bashori Hasan
Published: October 2023

Mesin pengering kain lap pel yang menggunakan pengeringan dengan sistem pemanasan yang menggunakan elemen heater dan mendapatkan hasil laju pengeringan tertinggi didapat pada menit ke 20 dengan nilai laju pengeringan sebesar 2,422621 kg/jam.. Dapat dilihat dalam grafik terjadi peningkatan laju pengeringan dari menit ke 80 menuju ke 100 dan 120 dimana nilai laju pengeringan naik turun sebesar 1,378076 kg/jam. meningkat ke 1,442854 kg/jam.dan terjadi penurunan kembali dengan nilai laju pengeringan sebesar 1,370069 kg/jam.. Namun, berat kain pel yang dikeringkan tetap menurun secara konstan. Dari seluruh laju pengeringan tiap 20 menit didapat laju pengeringan rata rata sebesar 1,7560002 kg/jam.. Waktu pengeringan perselisih 20 menit.