bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prosumpcja – wyzwanie dla marketingu oraz zarządzania. Charakterystyka oraz klasyfikacja współczesnego prosumenta studium przypadku: Polacy a Niemcy
Authors: Szymusiak Tomasz
Published: March 2021

Artykuł został oparty na badaniu empirycznym przeprowadzonym metodą kwestionariuszową w Polsce i Niemczech w 2012 roku, a także na analizie literatury przedmiotu. W pracy podjęto próbę zaktualizowania tofflerowskiej definicji prosumenta. Zaprezentowano również trzy rodzaje klasyfikacji prosumpcji, związane ze stopniem kooperacji, fazą procesu produkcji, w który zaangażowany jest prosument oraz z rodzajem dóbr, które powstają w wyniku tego procesu.
Metoda wielokryterialnej analizy porównawczej systemów oceny kompetencji kadry menedżerskiej
Authors: Tyrańska Małgorzata
Published: March 2021

Celem rozdziału jest przedstawienie przykładu zastosowania idei wielokryterialnej analizy porównawczej w praktyce ewaluacji systemów oceny kompetencji kadry menedżerskiej. W opracowaniu zaprezentowano założenia wielokryterialnej analizy porównawczej systemów oceny kompetencji kadry menedżerskiej i przedstawiono etapy realizacji zaproponowanej metodyki. Przedstawione podejście do ewaluacji systemów oceny kompetencji kadry menedżerskiej, realizowane przy zastosowaniu większej ilości kryteriów, daje możliwość porównania ze sobą wielu analizowanych systemów, po to by wskazać najlepsze i najsłabsze rozwiązania służące ocenie kompetencji kadry menedżerskiej oraz wyznaczyć kierunki ich doskonalenia.
Human Capital Investment for Adolescents: Barriers and Opportunities
Authors: Wright A. Michelle , Ross Matthew M.
Published: March 2021

The decision to attend college is a question of human capital investment, yet resources to help practitioners frame human capital investment decisions remain elusive and few include the “gold standard” of finance: net present value (NPV). Can one discuss human capital investment with an average adolescent using a traditional NPV approach? Motivated by this question, we presented 10 barriers to maximizing education–career NPV (e.g., clarity of costs, immature adolescent brains, individual discount rates). We outline an iterative, research-based approach to education–career investment, including framing the conversation, calculating paired NPVs, and structuring the decision. This multistep framework leverages practitioner expertise to help adolescents consider important lifelong financial wellness implications of human capital investment.
Government Statistics and Measures of Wellbeing
Authors: Wong Espejo Andrei
Published: March 2021

A systematic literature review and coping exercise of datasets and data availability on the wellbeing of migrants, globally, but with a particular focus on Finland, India, Norway and the United Kingdom. This an output to inform further investigative research on the Displacement, Placemaking and Wellbeing in the City (DWELL) project, funded by ESRC.
Interpretações da colônia. Leitura das contribuições de Nelson Werneck Sodré e Alberto Passos Guimarães
Authors: Vieira Carlos Alberto Cordovano
Published: March 2021

A presente comunicação pretende discutir as intepretações da colônia apresentadasnas obras de Nelson Werneck Sodré e Alberto Passos Guimarães com o propósito,não de esgotar o tema, mas de sistematizar seus traços mais essenciais, qualificandodeterminadas interpretações e críticas. O debate sobre o caráter da sociedade colonialestá profundamente vinculado ao debate mais geral sobre os dilemas postos à sociedadebrasileira em momento histórico subseqüente. E, admitindo a importância da herançade contribuições das grandes interpretações do Brasil forjadas pelo menos desde oensaísmo dos anos trinta, senão antes, que, naturalmente, buscaram compreender,por diferentes caminhos, os dilemas estruturais da sociedade brasileira, podemosreconhecer a importância, sobretudo na atualidade, da releitura dessas obras, ou de alguns de seus aspectos fundamentais. Não abordaremos aqui, entretanto, o sentidopolítico do debate, já abordado em outro trabalho.
Socialismo x liberdades individuais
Authors: Martins Maurício Vieira
Published: March 2021

É comum ouvir-se a crítica que afirma que o projeto socialista não oferece espaçopara uma livre afirmação das individualidades. Segundo tal crítica, haveria uma tendênciahomogeneizadora no pensamento de Marx que, em nome da postulação de umaigualdade entre os sujeitos, findaria por sacrificar irremediavelmente a liberdade deles.O passo seguinte deste argumento consiste em apresentar as graves distorções verificadasno chamado socialismo real do século 20 como ilustração da impossibilidade de selevar a bom termo a articulação entre igualdade e liberdade num projeto socialista.
O luto e os espectros do marxismo e do socialismo
Authors: Alcoforado Ihering Guedes
Published: March 2021

As condições necessárias a reorganização do movimento socialista não têm emergidocom a crise do Estado de Bem Estar e a ascensão das organizações políticas queadotam estratégias discursivas apoiadas no legado socialista; muito pelo contrário, oque se tem observado, com freqüência, com a promoção das organizações de inspiraçãosocialista ao núcleo do poder, é uma renovação das estruturas de dominação apoiadasno mercado, através do que se revela a ausência de um framework socialista internalizadonestas organizações que permita não só estruturar a estratégia discursiva, masprincipalmente equacionar e formular trajetórias adequadas a problemática vigente.
The Risk Assessment on Bamboo Weaving Craftsmen in Rajapolah District Tasikmalaya Regency
Authors: Sriagustini Isyeu , Supriyani Teni
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Tasikmalaya Regency is one of the areas in West Java that has a large industrial potential, especially small and handicraft industries. Every workplace, both formal and informal, has various potential hazards that can affect the health of workers or can cause occupational diseases. As bamboo is sharp, the craftsmen must be very careful in treating bamboo as a woven materialbecause the risk of accidents such as cutting off hands, being punctured by bamboo slats, and the risk of other potential mechanical hazards can occur. The purpose of this study is to analyze the occupational health and safety risks of woven craftsmen in the Rajapolah District, Tasikmalaya Regency. Methods: This study was a descriptive study. 5 Bamboo weaving craftsmen were the subjects of this study. Meanwhile, the objects of this study were the work process and workplace environment. Data collection was carried out by observation and interviews. Data analysis was performed using a semi-quantitative risk analysis method according to AS/NZS 4360: 2004 standard. Results: 23 potential hazards are identified from all stages of the bamboo process, and 23 health and safety risks are identified from all potential hazards, with 1 risk at a lowrisk level, 15 risks at a medium risk level, and7 risks at a highrisk level. Conclusion: There are 7 risks at the high-risk level that must be prioritized for control, originating from the potential hazards of ergonomics and chemicals.
Changes in the flavan-3-ol and polysaccharide content during the fermentation of Vitis vinifera Cabernet-Sauvignon and cold-hardy Vitis varieties Frontenac and Frontenac blanc
Authors: Nicolle Paméla , Williams Kyle A. , Angers Paul , Pedneault Karine
Published: March 2021

Grape variety has a significant impact on wine flavan-3-ol and polysaccharide profile. The main objective of this work was to study differences in flavan-3-ol and polysaccharide diffusion from grape to wine during the fermentative alcoholic maceration of three Vitis sp. varieties: the cold-hardy hybrid varieties Frontenac and Frontenac blanc, and the V. vinifera variety Cabernet-Sauvignon. Polysaccharides from must and wine were precipitated by ethanol and quantified using the phenol-sulfuric method of Dubois. Flavan-3-ol concentration and profile were analysed by HPLC-FLD. Results showed that wines from Frontenac and Frontenac blanc had less oligomeric and polymeric flavan-3-ols than those from V. vinifera Cabernet-Sauvignon. Wines made from Frontenac also had a higher concentration in total polysaccharides. Preliminary results from GPC/SEC analyses suggested that Frontenac wine had a higher content in mannoproteins and rhamnogalacturonan-2 polysaccharides compared to the other studied varieties. Overall, wines of Frontenac showed the highest content in total polysaccharides, and the lowest content in condensed tannins. As polysaccharides are known to negatively impact wine perceived astringency, these results suggest that significant attention should be given to the polysaccharide composition of cold-hardy cultivars in the context of cold climate wine production. Such knowledge may help winemakers from cold climate areas to improve the winemaking processes and final wine composition when working with cold-hardy Vitis sp. varieties.Knowledge on interspecific hybrid polysaccharide and flavan-3-ol kinetic during the alcoholic fermentative maceration may help the winemakers from cold climate areas to improve winemaking processes and final wine composition.
COMPARATIVE ANATOMY AND HISTOCHEMISTRY OF FRUITS OF FOUR VARIETIES OF Hancornia speciosa GOMES (APOCYNACEAE)
Authors: Figueiredo Abdalla Dayana , Nunes Mesquita Ferreira Indiara , Gomes de Moraes Moemy , Barboza de Souza Eli Regina
Published: March 2021

Hancornia speciosa Gomes, known as mangaba or mangabeira, is a plant species of the family Apocynaceae with botanical varieties occurring in several regions of Brazil. The species is of considerable ecological and economic importance in the food, timber, latex and medicinal industries. Four different varieties of H. speciosa occur in Cerrado. Anatomical characteristics contribute to the taxonomic identification of plants, including those of isolated organs such as leaves, roots, stems, fruits and seeds. Thus, the present work investigated the anatomical characteristics and the location of the main classes of secondary metabolites of the fruits of H. speciosa var. pubescens, H. speciosa var. gardneri, H. speciosa var. speciosa and H. speciosa var. cuyabensis to assist in distinguishing the varieties. Fruits were collected, preserved and fixed following usual methods for anatomical and histochemical analyses. All varieties under study showed similarities in anatomical characteristics and in the distribution of metabolites in the fruits, with the exception of the anatomy of the exocarp, where the occurrence of trichomes differed among the varieties of H. speciosa.
Sentiment Analysis of the Syrian Conflict on Twitter
Authors: Lucić Danijela , Katalinić Josip , Dokman Tomislav
Published: March 2021

Social media have become an important means of imposing ideas and interests in social‏ conflicts. The Syrian conflict is analysed using sentiment analysis of tweets in order to establish how the‏ sentiment shapes the modern political landscape and influences recipient knowledge. The importance of‏ social networks and their potential in overthrowing regimes as well as in radicalization are highlighted.‏ The authors suggest several stages that can be used for analysing tweets and how they impact the reader‏ with selected narration. Sentiment analysis is used on a trained data set as a way to gain insight into‏ tweets of different factions in the Syria conflict. Selected tweets on missile strikes were published on 14‏ April 2018 and the day after. The Twitter profiles of three different sides – pro-Assad, pro-West and anti-‏ Assad – were also analysed. The results show that there is a real battle on social media with the purpose‏ of influencing human emotions.
Utjecaj novih informacijsko-komunikacijskih tehnologija na obiteljski život
Authors: Kokorić Slavica Blažeka
Published: March 2021

Usporedno s porastom dostupnosti osobnih računala i pametnih telefona u 21. stoljeću te‏ sve većom učestalošću upotrebe interneta u svakodnevnom životu pripadnika svih generacija, značajno‏ raste i interes znanstvenika za proučavanje utjecaja novih informacijsko-komunikacijskih tehnologija‏ na obiteljski život. S obzirom na to da u Hrvatskoj nedostaje znanstvenih radova i istraživanja na tu‏ temu, cilj je ovoga preglednog rada izložiti aktualne trendove i istraživačke spoznaje u tome području,‏ produbiti razumijevanje pozitivnoga i negativnoga utjecaja povećane upotrebe novih informacijskokomunikacijskih‏ tehnologija na različite aspekte života suvremenih obitelji te ponuditi okvir za buduća‏ istraživanja u tome području. Poseban je naglasak u ovom radu na analizi promjena u obiteljskom‏ životu u području partnerskih/bračnih odnosa, roditeljstva, s osvrtom na utjecaj pandemije COVID-19.‏ Zaključno je istaknuta potreba za daljnjim istraživanjima i unapređivanjem stručne podrške usmjerene‏ na prevenciju i rješavanje problema u obiteljskom funkcioniranju koji su povezani s novim informacijskokomunikacijskim‏ tehnologijama.
Endothelial Autocrine Signaling through CXCL12/CXCR4/FoxM1 Axis Contributes to Severe Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Yi Dan , Liu Bin , Wang Ting , Liao Qi , Zhu Maggie M. , Zhao You-Yang , Dai Zhiyu
Published: March 2021

Endothelial autocrine signaling is essential to maintain vascular hemostasis. There is limited in-formation about the role of endothelial autocrine signaling in regulating severe pulmonary vas-cular remodeling during the onset of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). In this study, we employed the first severe PAH mouse model, Egln1Tie2Cre (Tie2Cre-mediated disruption of Egln1) mice, to identify the novel autocrine signaling mediating the pulmonary vascular endothelial cells (PVECs) hyperproliferation and the pathogenesis of PAH. PVECs isolated from Egln1Tie2Cre lung expressed upregulation of many growth factors or angiocrine factors such as CXCL12, and exhib-ited hyperproliferative phenotype in coincident with upregulation of proliferation specific tran-scriptional factor FoxM1. Treatment of CXCL12 on PVECs increased FoxM1 expression, which was blocked by CXCL12 receptor CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 in culture human PVECs. Endo-thelial specific deletion of Cxcl12 (Egln1/Cxcl12Tie2 Cre) or AMD3100 treatment in Egln1Tie2Cre mice downregulated FoxM1 expression in vivo. We then generated and characterized a novel mouse model with endothelial specific FoxM1 deletion in Egln1Tie2Cre mice (Egln1/Foxm1Tie2Cre), and found that endothelial FoxM1 deletion reduced pulmonary vascular remodeling and right ventricular systolic pressure. Together, our study identified a novel mechanism of endothelial autocrine sig-naling in regulating PVECs hyperproliferation and pulmonary vascular remodeling in PAH.
Herbicidal Effects and Cellular Targets of Aqueous Extracts from Young Eucalyptus globulus Leaves - A Novel Post-Fire Management Strategy of Eucalyptus Stands
Authors: Pinto Mafalda , Soares Cristiano , Martins Maria , Sousa Bruno , Valente Inês , Pereira Ruth , Fidalgo Fernanda
Published: March 2021

Along with climate change, the native forest replacement by exotic species, such as Eucalyptus globulus, is contributing to a highly fire-prone environment. Since E. globulus detains several post-fire regeneration strategies, sustainable practices are needed to manage eucalyptus stands. Thus, eucalyptus allelopathic potential can be used for weed control. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing the herbicidal potential of post-fire regenerated E. globulus leaves in Portulaca oleracea, and unraveling the main physiological processes disturbed by biocide application. For this, an aqueous extract prepared with fresh leaves (FLE; 617 gfresh weightL-1) and other with oven-dried leaves (DLE; 250 gdry weightL-1) were prepared and foliar-sprayed twice-a-week at different dilutions in 7-days-old purslane plants. As positive control, glyphosate was used. After five weeks, results revealed that DLE at the highest dose detained the greatest herbicidal activity against P. oleracea. To understand how DLE impacted weed physiology, several biochemical and redox-related parameters were evaluated in purslane plants treated with DLE highest dose. Results suggested an overproduction of hydrogen peroxide, causing severe oxidative damage in roots. Overall, this study showed that young E. globulus dried leaves had powerful herbicidal properties against P. oleracea and can represent a feasible approach for weed management, while reducing fire hazard.
A Hybrid Modelling Technique of Epidemic Outbreaks With Application to COVID-19 Dynamics in West Africa
Authors: Tovissodé Chénangnon Frédéric , Doumatè Jonas Têlé , Glèlè Kakaï Romain
Published: March 2021

The widely used logistic model for epidemic case reporting data may be either restrictive or unrealistic in presence of containment measures when implemented after an epidemic outbreak. For flexibility in epidemic case reporting data modelling, we combined an exponential growth curve for the early epidemic phase with a flexible growth curve to account for the potential change in growth pattern after implementation of containment measures. We also fitted logistic regression models to recoveries and deaths from the confirmed positive cases. In addition, the growth curves were integrated into a SIQR (Susceptible, Infective, Quarantined, Recovered) model framework to provide an overview on the modelled epidemic wave. We focused on the estimation of: (1) the delay between the appearance of the first infectious case in the population and the outbreak (“epidemic latency period"); (2) the duration of the exponential growth phase; (3) the basic and the time-varying reproduction numbers; and (4) the peaks (time and size) in confirmed positive cases, active cases and new infections. The application of this approach to COVID-19 data from West Africa allowed to discuss the effectiveness of some containment measures implemented across the region.
Data-Driven Decision Making
Authors: Gutiérrez Hernán Darío Rojas , Bobadilla José Alejandro Morales , Diaz Jayden Ortiz , Cleves Jorge Enrique Portella
Published: March 2021

Data is the most valuable asset of a company or organisation nowadays, for the management of such data there are several techniques used for the storage and analysis of these data, if the organisation chooses wrongly among the alternatives it could face a very costly problem. Based on the above information we will study a very important issue today in the business world, with the global economic growth has also grown the world of technology and therefore organizations or companies also need to move forward with firm and fast pace how business evolves; Its weaknesses, strengths and the need to always be at the forefront of technological tools we will dive into the subject of business intelligence or also known as Business Intelligence (BI), Datawarehouse and Data Mining which is nothing more than a group of applications and tools that allow you to extract, transform and load some data to get to get information and knowledge in order to make a quick decision, accurate and efficient in the organization to achieve the objectives outlined. Due to the fact that there are still companies or organisations that make blind decisions in their customer or strategic processes. In order to solve this problem we rely on data mining as an alternative to minimise risks, which can lead to major and valuable losses within an organisation. In the case of a private company where data mining is applied to study patterns of customer behaviour on their own parameters of location, consumption, etc.. And third party data. The search for information is profitable for the business administration. Data mining is applied as a tool for the development of marketing tactics in competitive production and industrial sectors. This technology attempts to help perceive the attachment of databases. Data mining works on a preferential level looking for patterns, behaviours, orders or groupings that can create a model that allows us to better understand the concept and help in decision making so organisations rely on different systems such as CRM, ERP and many others, but to move from just information to generate business intelligence must be centralised in a single place where you can run data analysis of all types to discover trends that help decision making that place can be mainly a Lake or a Warehouse.
Riboflavin Recovery of Spermatogenic Dysfunction via Dual Inhibition of Oxidative Changes and Regulation of the PINK1-Mediated Pathway in an Arsenic-Injured Rat Model
Authors: Olfati Ali , Tvrdá Eva
Published: March 2021

Background: Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) poisoning and associated potential lesions are of global concern. Inversely, riboflavin (vitamin B2, VB2) a component of flavoproteins could play a vital role in the enzymatic reactions. Thus, this research aimed to explore the potential beneficial roles of VB2 during As2O3-injured-toxicity. Methods: Adult male rats were challenged as follows: 3 mg As2O3/L and 40 mg VB2/L alone or in combination administered in drinking water, for 30 consecutive days. Daily basis As2O3 and VB2 dissolved in deionized water for 5 min (gradually and slowly). Malondialdehyde (MDA), Glutathione Peroxidase (GSH), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), and Catalase (CAT) were computed for oxidative stress, and TAS (Total Antioxidative Status) levels were computed for the antioxidant system, for both serum and tissue. Apoptosis levels were assessed in the evaluation of testis gene expression. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The results show that As2O3 significantly decreased the body weight, testicular weight and volume, semen quality and testicular cell count (p<0.05). Furthermore, malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the testicular tissue of the As2O3 group rats was significantly higher in comparison to the vehicle group (p<0.05). Likewise, TAS C) and the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were reduced (p<0.05) when compared to the control. As2O3 induced testicular damage and seminiferous tubular atrophy. Monodansylcadaverine (MDC) assays mimicking the histopathology observations. Meanwhile, As2O3 upregulated the expression of mitophagy-related genes including PINK1, Parkin, USP8, LC3-I, Fis1, and Mfn2. However, p38, responsible for stress stimuli, was also upregulated by As2O3 administration. Conclusions: Our study revealed that VB2 supplementation protected testicular structures against As2O3-induced injury via dual inhibition of oxidative changes and regulation of the PINK1-mediated pathway. Therefore, our experiments provide a new mechanistic scheme with respect to As2O3-induced male reproductive system toxicity.
Exosomes Derived from SIRT6 Transfected Urine-Derived Stem Cells Improves Renal Fibrosis
Authors: Wang Rui
Published: March 2021

Purpose: The treatment of renal fibrosis caused by long-term obstructive nephropathy is limited. The purpose of this study was to establish a mouse model of renal fibrosis with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and to treat it with exosomes derived from SIRT6 transfected urine-derived stem cells (USCs), which will determine whether exosomes have the effect of anti-fibrosis Methods: The renal fibrosis model of UUO mice was established by ligating unilateral ureter. USCs were extracted from human urine and transfected with SIRT6 lentivirus plasmid. The SIRT6-USCs-exosomes(SIRT6-USCs-exos) were collected and identified by transmission electron microscope, nanoparticle tracking analysis and western blot. SIRT6-USCs-exos were injected into the tail vein of mice and the renal tissue of mice was stained with HE. The relative gene expressions of α-SMA, E-cadherin and TGF-β1 were analyzed by RT-qPCR. Results: In this study, we successfully constructed the renal fibrosis model of UUO mice and hUSCs with overexpression of SIRT6. The SIRT6-USCs-exos significantly improved the renal fibrosis in UUO mice. The relative mRNA expressions of fibrosis-related genes α-SMA, E-cadherin and TGF-β1 in renal tissue were significantly down-regulated after SIRT6-USCs-exos treatment. Conclusion: Our results indicate that SIRT6-USCs-exos can effectively alleviate renal fibrosis caused by long-term obstructive nephropathy. The findings may be promising for dealing with renal fibrosis.
Applicability of Large-Span Structures for Presentations of Archaeological Sites
Authors: Zivaljevic-Luxor Natasa C , Pasternak Hartmut
Published: March 2021

The purpose of the study was to provide support in the decision-making process for architects and engineers regarding large-spans structures for the presentation of archaeological sites in situ - construction of roofs, shelters, and bridges. We examined existing practice and analyzed their engineering classifications looking for a pattern in their application regarding sustainability and relation between type of cultural heritage site and type of applied large span structure. Contemporary engineering structures at built heritage sites create a sharp contrast between old and new. A presentation of cultural heritage in situ requires an understanding of heritage theory and internationally accepted doctrine which exceeds common engineering education. Nevertheless, application of large-span structures, which often take advantages of state-of-art construction-technologies nowadays, is also an aesthetical statement that affects the appearance of the site. Therefore, we gave an overview of the theoretical background of aesthetical issues and the overall ethics of the decision-making process in such sensitive cases. Within the framework of heritage-presentation, engineering and architectural issues, and selected case studies, we concluded in favor of the application of large-span structures under certain conditions.
Physical Activity and Bone Vascularization: A Way to Explore in Bone Repair Context?
Authors: Wazzani Rkia , Pallu Stéphane , Bourzac Céline , Ahmaïdi Saïd , Portier Hugues , Jaffré Christelle
Published: March 2021

Physical activity is widely recognized as a biotherapy by WHO in the fight and prevention of bone diseases such as osteoporosis. It reduces the risk of disabling fractures associated with many comorbidities, and whose repair is a major public health and economic issue. Bone tissue is a dynamic supportive tissue that reshapes itself according to the mechanical stresses to which it is exposed. Physical exercise is recognized as a key factor for bone health. However, the effects of exercise on bone quality depend on exercise protocols, duration, intensity and frequency. Today, the effects of different exercise modalities on capillary bone vascularization, bone blood flow and bone angiogenesis remain poorly understood and unclear. As vascularization is an integral part of bone repair process, the analysis of the preventive and/or curative effects of physical exercise is currently very undeveloped. Angiogenesis-osteogenesis coupling may constitute a new way for understanding the role of physical activity, especially in fracturing or in the integration of bone biomaterials. Thus, this review aims to clarify the link between physical activities, vascularization and bone repair.
Autonomous Weapons Systems and the Contextual Nature of Hors de Combat Status
Authors: Umbrello Steven , Wood Nathan Gabriel
Published: March 2021

Autonomous weapons systems (AWS), sometimes referred to as “killer robots”, are receiving evermore attention, both in public discourse as well as by scholars and policymakers. Much of this interest is connected with emerging ethical and legal problems linked to increasing autonomy in weapons systems, but there is a general underappreciation for the ways in which existing law might impact on these new technologies. In this paper, we argue that as AWS become more sophisticated and increasingly more capable than flesh-and-blood soldiers, it will increasingly be the case that such soldiers are “in the power” of those AWS which fight against them. This implies that such soldiers ought to be considered hors de combat, and not targeted. In arguing for this point, we draw out a broader conclusion regarding hors de combat status, namely that it must be viewed contextually, with close reference to the capabilities of combatants on both sides of any discreet engagement. Given this point, and the fact that AWS may come in many shapes and sizes, and can be made for many different missions, we argue that each particular AWS will likely need its own standard for when enemy soldiers are deemed hors de combat. We conclude by examining how these nuanced views of hors de combat status might impact on meaningful human control of AWS.
Influence of Thermal Annealing on Sinterability of Different Grades Polylactide Microspheres Dedicated for Laser Sintering
Authors: Gazińska Małgorzata , Krokos Anna , Kryszak Bartłomiej , Dzienny Paulina , Olejarczyk Michał , Gruber Piotr , Kwiatkowski Ryszard , Antończak Arkadiusz
Published: March 2021

Comparison of the influence of conditioning temperature of microspheres made of medical grade poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) and polylactide with 4wt.% of D-lactide content (PLA), on its thermal and structural properties is presented. The microspheres were fabricated by solid-in-oil-in-water method for application in additive manufacturing. The microspheres were annealed below glass transition temperature (Tg), above Tg but below onset of cold crystallization, and at two temperatures selected from the range of cold crystallization corresponding to crystallization of α’ and α form of poly(L-lactide) respectively, i.e., at 40°C, 70°C, 90°C and 120°C, in order to verify the influence of conditioning temperatures on sinterability of microspheres set as sintering window (SW). Based on differential scanning calorimetry measurements SW of microspheres were evaluated with consideration of existence of cold crystallization and reorganization of crystal polymorph. The results indicate that the conditioning temperature influence on availability and range of SW that depending on the D-lactide presence. We postulate the need for an individual approach for polylactide powders in determining the SW as a temperature range free of any thermal events. Moreover, other core powder characteristic, such as residual solvent content, morphology, particle size distribution, powder flowability and thermal conductivity, as a key property for successful laser sintering, are characterized. The microspheres are close to sphere and the size of microspheres are below 100 µm. Residual solvents content decreases with the increase of annealing temperature. The thermal conductivity is 0.073 W/mK and 0.064 W/mK for PLA and PLLA microspheres, respectively, and it depends on the spherical shape of the microspheres. Furthermore, the WAXD studies prove that an increase in the conditioning temperature causes a slight increase in crystallinity degree for PLLA microspheres and clear increase in crystallization for PLA microspheres.
Miniaturized Dielectric Disc Loaded Monopole Antenna
Authors: Parvez Khan Masood , Haque SK. Moinul , Minz Laxmikant
Published: March 2021

This paper deals with miniaturization technique based on frequency reduction using top loaded dielectric discs. In contrast to a simple monopole, the resonant frequency of monopole loaded with two dielectric discs changes from 1.98 to 1.29 GHz, resulting 34.84% reduction in resonant frequency keeping the antenna length (36.00 mm) unaltered. It is well-known fact that dielectric material can trap the energy to be delivered from source to antenna and as a result, it is unable to radiate efficiently. Then any approach to use the dielectric material for miniaturization process must, therefore, antenna coupled in such a way that it can radiate efficiently. The dielectric disc on top of monopole creates an inductive situation in a similar way to oppositely directed wire loop compensate the capacitive effect present at monopole causes the reduction in resonant frequency. This concept is implemented without sacrificing any desired features like bandwidth, radiation characteristics and efficiency (more than 98%) and analyzed with an equivalent circuit model. Experimental results illustrate good agreement with simulation results. This monopole antenna in car can be designed for GPS system, car to car communication, GSM or CDMA operation.
Harnessing Agronomics Through Genomics and Phenomics in Plant Breeding: A Review
Authors: Zhang Zhiwu , Chen Chunpeng , Rutkoski Jessica , Schnable James , Murray Seth , Wang Lizhi , Jin Xiuliang , Stich Benjamin , Crossa Jose , Hayes Ben
Published: March 2021

Plant breeding primarily focuses on improving conventional agronomic traits, e.g. yield, quality, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stress; however, genetic improvement methods are being rapidly enhanced through genomics and phenomics. In the Genomics-Phenomics-Agronomics (GPA) paradigm, diverse research approaches have been conducted to bridge any two of these elements, and recently, all of them together. This review first highlights the progress to link i) genomics to agronomics; ii) genomics to phenomics; and iii) phenomics to agronomics. Secondly, the GPA domain is dissected into different layers, each addressing the three elements simultaneously. These dissected layers include genetic dissection through gene mapping using genome-wide association studies and genomic selection using Best Linear Unbiased Prediction, Bayesian approaches, and machine learning. The objective of the review is to help readers to grasp the core developments among the exponentially growing literature in each of these fields. Through this review, the connections among the three elements of the GPA paradigm are coherently integrated toward the prospect of sustainable development of agronomic traits through both genomics and phenomics.
Numerical Analysis of Dynamic Interaction Between Two Closely Spaced Vertical Axis Wind Turbines
Authors: Hara Yutaka , Jodai Yoshifumi , Okinaga Tomoyuki , Furukawa Masaru
Published: March 2021

To investigate the optimum layouts of small vertical axis wind turbines, a two-dimensional analysis of dynamic fluid body interaction is performed via computational fluid dynamics for a rotor pair in various configurations. The rotational speed of each turbine rotor (diameter: D = 50 mm) varies based on the equation of motion. First, the dependence of rotor performance on the gap distance (gap) between two rotors is investigated. For parallel layouts, counter-down (CD) layouts with blades moving downwind in the gap region yield a higher mean power than counter-up (CU) layouts with blades moving upwind in the gap region. CD layouts with gap/D = 0.5–1.0 yield a maximum average power that is 23% higher than that of an isolated single rotor. Assuming isotropic bidirectional wind speed, co-rotating (CO) layouts with the same rotational direction are superior to the combination of CD and CU layouts regardless of the gap distance. For tandem layouts, the inverse-rotating configuration (IR) shows an earlier wake recovery than the CO configuration. For 16-wind-direction layouts, both the IR and CO configurations indicate similar power distribution at gap/D = 2.0. For the first time, this study demonstrates the phase synchronization of two rotors via numerical simulation.
Supervised Strategies of Multiblock Data Analysis: A Unified Approach and Extension
Authors: Tchandao Mangamana Essomanda , Glele Kakai Romain Lucas , Qannari El Mostafa
Published: March 2021

Within the framework of multiblock data analysis, a unified approach of supervised methods is discussed. It encompasses multiblock redundancy analysis (MB-RA) and multiblock partial least squares (MB-PLS) regression. Moreover, we develop new supervised strategies of multiblock data analysis, which can be seen as variants of one or the other of these two methods. They are respectively refered to as multiblock weighted redundancy analysis (MB-WRA) and multiblock weighted covariate analysis (MB-WCov). The four methods are based on the determination of latent variables associated with the various blocks of variables. They are derived from clear optimization criteria whose aim is to maximize either the sum of the covariances or the sum of squared covariances between the latent variable associated with the response block of variables and the block latent variables associated with the various explanatory blocks of variables. We also propose indices to help better interpreting the outcomes of the analyses. The methods are illustrated and compared based on simulated and real datasets.
Metronomic 5-Fluorouracil Delivery Primes Skeletal Muscle for Myopathy but Does Not Cause Cachexia
Authors: Campelj Dean G. , Timpani Cara A. , Cree Tabitha , Petersen Aaron , Hayes Alan , Goodman Craig A. , Rybalka Emma
Published: March 2021

Skeletal myopathy encompasses both atrophy and dysfunction and is a prominent event in cancer and chemotherapy-induced cachexia. Here, we investigate the effects of chemotherapeutic agent, 5-fluorouracil (5FU), on skeletal muscle mass and function, and whether small molecule therapeutic candidate, BGP-15, could be protective against the chemotoxic challenge exerted by 5FU. Additionally, we explore the molecular signature of 5FU treatment. Male Balb/c mice received metronomic tri-weekly intraperitoneal delivery of 5FU (23 mg/kg), with and without BGP-15 (15 mg/kg), 6 times in total over a 15-day treatment period. We demonstrated that neither 5FU, nor 5FU combined with BGP-15, affected body composition indices, skeletal muscle mass or function. Adjuvant BGP-15 treatment did, however, prevent the 5FU-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and p65 NF-κB subunit, signalling pathways involved in cell stress and inflammatory signalling, respectively. This as associated with mitoprotection. 5FU reduced the expression of the key cytoskeletal proteins, desmin and dystrophin, which was not prevented by BGP-15. Combined, these data show that metronomic delivery of 5FU does not elicit physiological consequences to skeletal muscle mass and function but is implicit in priming skeletal muscle with a molecular signature for myopathy. BGP-15 has modest protective efficacy against the molecular changes induced by 5FU.
Patterns of Nestedness in Carnivorous Mammals in the Arauca-Nía Coastal Mountains of Southern Chile
Authors: Sanhueza Rocío , Moya Wladimir , Rau Jaime R.
Published: March 2021

Abstract: The probability of existence or not of local extinctions of six species of carnivorous mammals was analyzed by ordering the species composition in nested subsets in 7 fragments of forest habitats in the Coastal Mountains in the Araucanía Region, in southern Chile. Nested Temperature Calculator (NTC) and BINMATNEST computer programs were used to process the results. The first software provided a temperature in the archipelago of 28.21 degree Celsius, whereas the second program showed a nesting temperature of 16.58 degree Celsius. The computer software used in this study suggest that there is no nesting pattern at the level species composition of carnivorous mammal assemblage in the evaluated area, which may be due to the habitat use characteristics of the different carnivorous mammals studied here.
Social Nesting, Animal Welfare and Disease Monitoring
Authors: Giménez-Llort Lydia , Torres-Lista Virginia
Published: March 2021

The assessment of welfare and disease progression in animal models is critical. Most tools rely on evaluating individual subjects, whereas social behaviors, also sensitive to acute illness, chronic diseases, or mental health, are scarcely monitored because of their complexity, are invasive, and time-consuming. We propose the evaluation of social nesting, a species-typical behavior naturally occurring in standard housing conditions, for such behavioral monitoring. We provide an example of its use to evaluate social deficits and the long-term effects of neonatal sensorial stimulation in male and female adult 3xTg-AD mice for Alzheimer's disease compared to sex- and age-matched NTg counterparts with normal aging. Social nesting was sensitive to genotype (worse in 3xTg-AD mice), sex (worse in males), profile, and treatment (distinct temporal patterns, time to observe the maximum score and incidence of the perfect nest). Since social nesting can be easily included in housing routines, this neuroethological approach can be useful for animal's welfare, monitoring the disease's progress, and evaluating potential risk factors and effects of preventive/therapeutical strategies. Finally, the non-invasive, painless, simple, short time and low-cost features of this home-cage monitoring are advantages that make social nesting feasible to be successfully implemented in most animal department settings.
On the Scales of Selves: Information, Life, and Buddhist Philosophy
Authors: Gershenson Carlos
Published: March 2021

When we attempt to define life, we tend to refer to individuals, those that are alive. But these individuals might be cells, organisms, colonies... ecosystems? We can describe living systems at different scales. Which ones might be the best ones to describe different selves? I explore this question using concepts from information theory, ALife, and Buddhist philosophy. After brief introductions, I review the implications of changing the scale of observation, and how this affects our understanding of selves at different structural, temporal, and informational scales. The conclusion is that there is no ``best'' scale for a self, as this will depend on the scale at which decisions must be made. Different decisions, different scales.
The Result Of Study Biology Observed From Preview, Question, Read, Reflect, Recite, Review (PQ4R) Learning Method and learning Interest Of Student’s on X Grade Of Sma Negeri 1 Kebakkramat In Academic Year 2011/2012
Authors: Yulistiati Arum , Rosyidi Alvi , Ariyanto Joko
Published: March 2021

The purposes of this research were to know: 1) the influence of Preview, Question, Read, Reflect, Recite, Review (PQ4R) learning metod to the result of study biology; 2) the influence of student’s learning interest to the result of study biology; 3) the interaction between learning metod and learning interest to the result of study biology: and 4) the influence of better learning metod to the result of study biology. This research was quasi experiment research using Randomized Control Only design. Learning metod and learning interest were independent variables and student’s achievement of study biology was the dependent variable. The population of this research was all of  X grade of natural science students of SMA Negeri 1 Kebakkramat. The samples of this research were the students of class X-5 as the control group and students of class X-4 as the experimental group.  The sample of this research was established by cluster random sampling. The data about the result of study biology collected by use test and observation. Learning interest meansured by using questionnaires. The analisis of this research was anava two away in different cell and the advance test used Bunfferoni test. The conclusion of this research were: 1) Preview, Question, Read, Reflect, Recite, Review (PQ4R) learning metod had significant influence to the result of study biology in cognitive domain on X grade of SMA Negeri 1 Kebakkramat; 2) Learning interest had significant influence to the result of study biology on X grade of SMA Negeri 1 Kebakkramat; 3) There wasn’t interaction between learning metod and learning interest to the result of study biology on X grade of SMA Negeri 1 Kebakkramat: and 4) Preview, Question, Read, Reflect, Recite, Review (PQ4R) learning metod was better than conventional to the result of study biology in cognitive domain on X grade of SMA Negeri 1 Kebakkramat.

 
Identification Of Fungy Of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea Batatas) Tapai As Biology Learning Resources and It’s Effect toward Scientific Communication Skill Of The Xth Grade Student
Authors: Pakartiar G. Bramintha , Muzayyinah Muzayyinah , Indrowati Meti
Published: March 2021

The objectives of this research are (1) to identify kinds of fungi that can be found in sweet potato tapai, (2) to produce biology learning resources based on the research result of identification of fungi of sweet potato tapai (3) to find out the effect of the utilization of the   research result based on identification of fungi of sweet potato tapai  as a learning resources toward scientific communication skill of the Xth grade students of SMA Negeri 1 BoyolaliThis  is a quasi -  experimental research that use the true control group design (postest only).  The independent variable in this research is biology learning resources whereas the dependent variable is scientific communication skill.  The population of this research is entire student of the Xth grade of SMA Negeri 1 Boyolali Academic Year 2011/2012.  The sample of this research consisted of two classes, control and experiment class. X2 class as a control group and X3 class as a experiment group.  The sampling method using Cluster Random Sampling. The data collecting technique by using observation method.  The test of the hypothesis in this research is using T – test method. From the research, it can be concluded (1) there are two kind of fungy that can be found in sweet potato tapai, i.e Aspergillus sp and Saccharomyces sp.  Both of them have different characteristic.  (2) An outline can be produced  as biology learning resources based on the research result of identification of fungi of sweet potato tapai.   (3) the utilization of the research result based on identification of fungi of sweet potato tapai as a learning resources has a positive impact towards the scientific communication skill of the Xth grade students

 

Key Words: tapai fungy, biology learning resources, scientific communication  skill
Pengaruh Model Brain Based Learning (BBL) Terhadap Hasil Belajar Biologi Siswa Kelas X SMA Negeri Colomadu Tahun Pelajaran 2012/2013
Authors: Saparina Riska , Santosa Slamet , Maridi Maridi
Published: March 2021

The aim of this research is to know the influence of brain based learning (BBL) model toward biology learning achievement of X degree students at SMA Negeri Colomadu in academic year 2012/2013.This research was a quasi experiment research using posttest only non equivalent group design. This research applied BBL model in experimental group and deduktif approach with discussion, classical course and question-answer method in control group. The population of this research was all of X degree students at SMA Negeri Colomadu in 2011/2012 academic year. Sampling techniques used cluster sampling, that has chosen X4 as experiment group and X5 as control group. Data was collected using  multiple choice test, observation sheet, and document. The data were analyzed by t-test. This research concluded that the application of BBL model has taken good effect toward student’s achievement cognitive, psychomotor, and  affective domain in learning biology of SMA Negeri Colomadu.

 

Key Words: Brain Based Learning Model, Biology Learning Achievement
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Blended-Problem Solving melalui Aplikasi Moodle untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Kelas XI IPA 4 SMA N 3 Surakata Tahun Pelajaran 2012/2013
Authors: Irandasari K W Vebriana , Probosari Riezky Maya , Sudarisman Suciati
Published: March 2021

This study is aimed to improve creative thinking ability of XI IPA4 class of SMA N 3 Surakarta through the implementation of Blended-Problem Solving through moodle application. This research was a classroom action research held in 3 cycles, each cycle includes four stages: planning, action, observation, and reflection. The subject of this research is the students of XI IPA4 class at SMA N 3 Surakarta in academic year of 2012/2013. The data is obtained through the test (essay test) and non-test (observation, interviews and questionnaires). The data is analyzed with descriptive analytical techniques and validated by triangulation techniques. The results showed that students creative thinking ability is increased in Pre-cycle, Cycle I, Cycle II and Cycle III. Creative thinking consist of four aspects are fluency, flexibility, originality and elaboration. Fluency aspect has increased was 52,5%, flexibility aspect was 54,17%, the originality aspect was 61,66% and elaboration aspect was 55,83%. The research conclouded that the implementation of Blended-Problem Solving through moodle application can improve creative thinking ability of XI IPA4 class at SMA N 3 Surakarta in academic year of 2012/2013.

 

Key Words: Blended-Problem Solving, Moodle, Creative Thinking