bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Body as Sacred Space in Kalaricikitsa of Kerala, South India
Authors: Pati George
Published: September 2010

Kalaricikitsa, a unique traditional medicinal praxis, practised in a kalari or arena where young men and women learn kalarippayattu, martial arts of Kerala, employs various massage therapies for healing and wellness in which the human body plays a significant role. Though the human body has been a subject of study in various disciplines including philosophy, anthropology, sociology, history, and religion, scholars of religion have not explored kalaricikitsa from a Hindu religious perspective. Based on fieldwork, this essay explicates the connection between religion and healing in kalaricikitsa and augments current discourses of the body from a Hindu devotional perspective. Divided into two sections, first it discusses the tensions, traditions, and treatments of kalaricikitsa within its historical framework, second it explicates the role of the human body as a nexus of the divine and human enterprise in kalaricikitsa. I suggest that kalaricikitsa attempts to restore and maintain equilibrium of the physical and religious through the human body as a space transcending the dichotomy between the microcosm and the macrocosm, the divine and human.
The Contemporary Dowry Problematic
Authors: Bradley Tamsin , Tomalin Emma
Published: September 2010

This article explores the contemporary dowry problematic through a study of religions perspective. The argument made is that for religious women challenges to dowry will often be made by them from within their religious tradition. Whilst feminist scholars of religion recognize the role that it plays in shaping patriarchal practices such as dowry, ignoring the significance of religion in the lives of many women will only serve to marginalize them further from the anti-dowry campaign. This article considers what anti-dowry activists, who are mainly secular, can gain from a more sympathetic view of religion.
The Blindness of Insight: Essays on Caste in Modern India, by Dilip M. Menon
Authors: Pati George
Published: September 2010

The Blindness of Insight: Essays on Caste in Modern India, by Dilip M. Menon. Pondicherry: Navayana Publications, 2006. 168 pp., $25.00. ISBN 81-89059-07-6 (pb).
Ressonância magnética na avaliação das reações periosteais
Authors: Nogueira-Barbosa Marcello Henrique , Sá José Luiz de , Trad Clóvis Simão , Oliveira Rodrigo Cecílio Vieira de , Elias Júnior Jorge , Engel Edgard Eduard , Simão Marcelo Novelino , Muglia Valdair Francisco
Published: September 2010

O objetivo deste ensaio iconográfico é estimular a avaliação cuidadosa das reações periosteais nas imagens de ressonância magnética. A abordagem inicial das lesões ósseas é realizada por meio das radiografias simples e pela avaliação destas se faz a classificação das reações periosteais em subtipos clássicos. Embora a ressonância magnética seja considerada o padrão ouro para o estadiamento regional das neoplasias ósseas, seu uso no estudo das reações periosteais relacionadas às lesões ósseas focais tem sido relativamente pouco enfatizado. A revisão da literatura evidencia um modelo experimental animal de osteomielite que sugere que a ressonância magnética seja superior às outras técnicas de imagem na identificação precoce das reações periosteais. Outro estudo encontrado na literatura sugere boa correlação entre as radiografias simples e as imagens de ressonância magnética na identificação e na classificação das reações periosteais no osteossarcoma. Neste ensaio foram ilustrados casos de reações periosteais observadas pela ressonância magnética, correlacionado-as com as radiografias convencionais ou com outros métodos de diagnóstico por imagem.
O conceito de vivência em Freud e Husserl
Authors: Barretta João Paulo Fernandes
Published: September 2010

Este artigo visa explicitar as concepções freudiana e husserliana de “vivência” (Erlebnis). Por “vivência” entende-se genericamente um tipo fundamental de experiência do mundo. Esse tema, ainda que não diretamente explorado por Freud, tornou-se necessário em sua teoria desde a descoberta da etiologia da histeria no início dos anos 1890 à luz do método catártico: a da vivência traumática. Por outro lado, Husserl, a partir do problema filosófico de garantir a possibilidade do conhecimento universal e necessário, se viu obrigado a combater o naturalismo das ideias, em 1900, e o naturalismo da consciência, em 1913, em ambos os casos partindo de uma análise das vivências (intencionais). Mostrarei que a abordagem freudiana (natural-científica) visa explicar metapsicologicamente a vivência, ao passo que a abordagem husserliana pretende descrever a estrutura da vivência (intencional). Por fim, apontarei para algumas das grandes diferenças entre ambas as abordagens desse tema.
A Vocação Sublime: da relação entre religião e sublimação na definição da vocação religiosa
Authors: Noé Sidnei Vilmar
Published: September 2010

Este artigo pergunta pela relação entre o conceito freudiano de sublimação e sua possível aplicação para a compreensão da relevância psíquica da religião na constituição da vocação religiosa. A tese sustentada é que o mecanismo de defesa da sublimação é responsável por boa parte da relevância psicológica da religião para a definição da vocação religiosa.
Influência das coletas sistemáticas e parciais na seleção de codornas por meio de curvas de probabilidade de postura
Authors: Rossi Robson Marcelo , Martins Elias Nunes
Published: September 2010

Neste trabalho, objetivou-se verificar se a seleção é influenciada pela observação parcial da postura de ovos em vez da observação da postura diária total. No primeiro estágio de análises, por meio de um modelo bayesiano, consideraram-se como características analisadas os parâmetros da curva de probabilidade de postura em um modelo de efeitos aleatórios com função de ligação logística. No segundo estágio do procedimento, foram obtidas estimativas de componentes de covariância e parâmetros genéticos. Observou-se superestimação dos parâmetros da curva média de produção da amostra total nas coletas sistemáticas (coletadas 1 vez a cada 14 dias, 1 ou 2 vezes a cada 7 dias) e parciais (nos 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 e 90 dias consecutivos). Para o parâmetro que representa o início da postura (a), os valores de herdabilidade foram 0,54; 0,14; 0,12 e 0,07 e, para aquele que representa a evolução da postura (β), 0,36; 0,37; 0,40 e 0,47, respectivamente, nas coletas sistemáticas e total. Nas coletas parciais e total, respectivamente, os valores foram 0,04; 0,03; 0,06; 0,12; 0,17 e 0,25; 0,25; 0,33; 0,33; 0,32; 0,41 e 0,51. Nas coletas sistemáticas, à medida que os valores de herdabilidade para o parâmetro que representa o início da postura decresce, o outro cresce, no entanto, à medida que o tamanho amostral aumenta nas coletas parciais, os valores crescem para ambos os parâmetros. Dos 100 melhores animais classificados de acordo com um índice de seleção ponderado, a correlação entre os escores dos animais selecionados nas subamostras e a amostra total é baixa (entre -0,13 e +0,13) e indica que o índice de seleção utilizado é afetado.
A meta-analysis of dry matter intake in Nellore and Zebu-crosses cattle
Authors: Azevêdo José Augusto Gomes , Valadares Filho Sebastião de Campos , Pina Douglas dos Santos , Chizzotti Mario Luiz , Valadares Rilene Ferreira Diniz
Published: September 2010

The study was carried out to develop and to evaluate new equations to predict dry matter intake (DMI) of Nellore and Zebu-crosses cattle using meta-analysis procedure. The data used to estimate the parameters were collected from independent performance experiments using growing and fattening Nellore and Zebu-crosses cattle, and they were compiled from 561 experimental units. Before proposing an equation to predict DMI, it was observed that the genetic group was a source of statisticaly significant variation. Therefore, equations to predict dry matter intake in the Zebu-Crosses and Nellore cattle were independently developed. The regression equations for Zebu-crosses cattle were: DMI = -2.6098 + 0.08844BW0.75 + 4.4672ADG - 1.3579ADG2 and DMI = -1.0094 + 0.01608BW + 4.4363ADG -1.2548ADG2. The regression equations for Nellore cattle were: DMI = -2.7878 + 0.08789BW0.75 + 5.0487ADG - 1.6835ADG2 and DMI = -1.3559 + 0.0159BW + 5.6397ADG - 1.8494ADG2. In order to evaluate fitted equations, it was utilized data from independent experiments published from 2005 to 2008 in the Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia. The equations (DMI) for Nellore overpredicted dry matter intake for estimates lower than 7 and higher than 10 kg·d-1. For Zebu-crosses cattle, dispersions of 3 kg d-1 were observed when extreme intakes were evaluated, however, when the equation included BW 0.75, the intercept did not differ from zero and the slope did not differ from 1. It is not possible to fit only one equation for preditcting DMI for beef cattle in tropical conditions, because there are differences between Zebu and Zebu-crosses. Fitted equations that include ADG and BW 0.75 should be used as an alternative method to predict dry matter intake of Zebu-crosses and Nellore beef cattle in tropical conditions.
Productivity and efficiency of cow herds submitted to two weaning ages
Authors: Vaz Ricardo Zambarda , Lobato José Fernando Piva , Restle João
Published: September 2010

It was aimed in this work to evaluate the productivity and efficiency of beef cows submitted to weaning of their calves at 76 days (early weaning) or at 148 days (weaning at conventional age) after calving during three consecutive years. It was evaluated pregnancy rate, birth and weaning, gain weight of the calves and cows at conventional weaning, weight at conventional weaning of calves and cows, production of weaned calves per cow and calf production index. Pregnancy rate in the herd submitted to early weaning (86.34%) was higher than in the conventional weaning (55.5%). Early weaning cows showed higher birth and weaning rates when compared to conventional weaning (83.6 and 83.6% vs. 47.5 and 44.5%, respectively) besides a higher production of calves (183 vs. 114). Early weaning cows produced 60.5% more calves than the conventional weaning cows. Conventional weaning calves gained more weight from birth to weaning (97.9 vs. 83.4 kg, respectively). Early weaning cows had more weight gain from calving to weaning (42.5 vs. 18.7 kg, respectively), and regarded to calf production index, they were more efficient (efficiency of the herds). At the average of the three years, the early weaning of the calves allows higher calving rates and weaning to the cows, in addition to a higher index of calf kilogram index produced in relation to weaning at conventional age.
A pobreza como um fenômeno multidimensional
Authors: Crespo Antônio Pedro Albernaz , Gurovitz Elaine
Published: September 2010

O presente artigo tem o objetivo de contribuir para a discussão sobre a pobreza. Nesse sentido, descreve-se uma abordagem desse fenômeno cada vez mais utilizada na atualidade: a de privação de capacidades, elaborada por Amartya Sen. Tal abordagem é complementada pelos estudos de Deepa Narayan, que privilegia a visão dos próprios pobres sobre "o que é ser pobre". A fim de situar o leitor sobre as abordagens anteriores de pobreza, procurou-se apresentar uma breve descrição desse conceito e como ele evoluiu com o passar do tempo: o enfoque de sobrevivência, a concepção de necessidades básicas, a idéia de privação relativa e a tese denominada "Consenso de Washington". Em suma, por meio de uma resenha simplificada das principais abordagens e concepções da pobreza, complementadas pelos trabalhos de Sen e Narayan, objetivou-se ampliar a discussão e as informações disponíveis sobre a pobreza como um fenômeno multidimensional.
Ferramentas de análise de riscos em estratégias empresarias
Authors: Kimura Herbert
Published: September 2010

Este artigo busca apresentar inovações de gestão financeira focadas na administração de riscos que podem ser aplicadas à indústria e ao comércio. O modelo, com origem no segmento bancário, será adaptado para contemplar as características específicas de empresas não-financeiras. Portanto, a inovação a ser apresentada neste artigo trata da adaptação de técnicas e modelos vinculados à gestão de riscos financeiros em aplicações para a administração de empresas não-financeiras. Neste artigo, a técnica de Markowitz será utilizada para estabelecer uma alocação ótima de investimentos nos diferentes produtos da empresa. A definição de um limite de value-at-risk possibilitará o ajuste do nível de produção em função do grau de risco a ser incorrido, impactando o nível de atividade da empresa. Finalmente, o value-at-risk marginal será utilizado para propiciar indicação de alterações na ênfase de investimentos em produção que permitam um aumento ou diminuição do nível de risco assumido.
Moviéndose con la mente y el cuerpo: entendiendo la diferencia entre planear y realizar rutas en el espacio construido
Authors: Mora Rodrigo
Published: September 2010

Este escrito estudió hasta qué punto las personas, al momento de ir de un punto A a uno B, realizan las rutas planeadas previamente, y si éstas son idénticas para ir que para volver. Se pidió a 42 participantes estudiar un plano del campus principal de la UTFSM, y trazar las rutas que eligirían para ir entre dos pares de puntos. Una vez terminada esta tarea, los participantes debieron recorrer en la realidad las rutas trazadas. Los resultados mostraron que las rutas trazadas en papel no necesariamente coincidieron con las rutas realizadas en terreno, y que, en la mayoría de los casos, las rutas A-B/B-A y X-Y/Y-X no fueron simétricas. Se concluye sugiriendo que los criterios de elección de ruta cambian porque el razonamiento espacial de las personas es inherentemente situado, esto es, moldeado por el entorno en que se lleva a cabo.
Bispyribac-Sodium Application Regimes for Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua) Control on Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) Putting Greens
Authors: McCullough Patrick E. , Hart Stephen E.
Published: September 2010

Bispyribac-sodium effectively controls annual bluegrass in creeping bentgrass fairways but efficacy on putting greens may be affected by management differences and thus, application regimes may need to be modified for effective annual bluegrass control. To test this hypothesis, field experiments investigated various bispyribac-sodium application regimens for annual bluegrass control on creeping bentgrass putting greens. Bispyribac-sodium regimes totaling 148, 222, and 296 g ha−1controlled annual bluegrass 81, 83, and 91%, respectively, over 2 yr. Pooled over herbicide rates, bispyribac-sodium applied two, three, and six times controlled annual bluegrass 78, 83, and 94%, respectively. The most effective bispyribac-sodium regime was 24.6 g ha−1applied weekly, which controlled annual bluegrass 90% after 8 wk with acceptable levels of creeping bentgrass discoloration. After 8 wk, all regimes reduced turf quality as a result of voids in turf following annual bluegrass control; regimes with six applications reduced turf quality the most.
Confirmation and Control of Propanil-Resistant and Quinclorac-Resistant Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) in Rice
Authors: Malik Mayank S. , Burgos Nilda R. , Talbert Ronald E.
Published: September 2010

Intensive selection pressure from repeated use of propanil and quinclorac led to the evolution of herbicide-resistant barnyardgrass biotypes. Twenty-two composite field samples were tested for level of resistance in 2002 and 2003, and field studies were conducted at the Rice Research and Extension Center, Stuttgart, AR, in 2002 and 2003 to evaluate alternative rice herbicides to control propanil-resistant (PR) and quinclorac-resistant (QR) barnyardgrass. Of the 22 composite samples, four were PR (30 to 40% control); four had a mixed population of PR, QR, and susceptible (S) barnyardgrass; and two had multiple resistance to propanil and quinclorac (P/QR), with control from propanil of 15 to 30% and control from quinclorac of 5 to 10%. ‘Wells’ rice was used where conventional herbicide programs were evaluated, and Clearfield rice ‘CL-161’ (imidazolinone-resistant) was used for herbicide programs involving imazethapyr. All PR and QR barnyardgrass were controlled > 90% by alternative herbicides, including all preemergence (PRE) and delayed preemergence (DPRE) treatments. By 56 d after emergence (DAE), cyhalofop or fenoxaprop applied to two- to three-leaf barnyardgrass (early postemergence [EPOST]), followed by (fb) a preflood application, controlled barnyardgrass > 93%. Pendimethalin controlled PR barnyardgrass 21 DAE, but not all season long. In contrast, imazethapyr in Clearfield rice controlled all grass weeds 100% all season long. Midpostemergence (MPOST) bispyribac application at the four- to five-leaf stage also provided season-long control of all barnyardgrass biotypes (> 88%, 56 DAE). Rice yields ranged from 5,300 to 5,700 kg ha−1in conventional weed-control treatments and from 2,800 to 5,000 kg ha−1in imazethapyr-treated plots. Nontreated plots yielded 1,500 kg ha−1.
Postemergence Weed Control in Acetolactate Synthase–Resistant Grain Sorghum
Authors: Hennigh D. Shane , Al-Khatib Kassim , Tuinstra Mitchell R.
Published: September 2010

Postemergence herbicides to control grass weeds in grain sorghum are limited. Acetolactate synthase (ALS) –inhibiting herbicides are very effective at controlling many grass species in many crops; unfortunately, use of ALS-inhibiting herbicides is not an option in conventional grain sorghum because of its susceptibility to these herbicides. With the development of ALS-resistant grain sorghum, several POST ALS-inhibiting herbicides can be used to control weeds in grain sorghum. Field experiments were conducted in 2007 and 2008 to evaluate the efficacy of tank mixtures of nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron applied alone or in combination with bromoxynil, carfentrazone–ethyl, halosulfuron + dicamba, prosulfuron, 2,4-D, or metsulfuron methyl + 2,4-D. In addition, these treatments were applied with and without atrazine. Nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron controlled barnyardgrass, green foxtail, and giant foxtail 99, 86, and 91% 6 wk after treatment (WAT), respectively. A decrease in annual grass control was observed when nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron was tank mixed with some broadleaf herbicides, although the differences were not always significant. In addition, nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron controlled velvetleaf and ivyleaf moringglory 64 and 78% 6 WAT, respectively. Control of velvetleaf was improved when nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron was tank mixed with all broadleaf herbicides included in this study with the exception of atrazine, bromoxynil, and prosulfuron + atrazine. Control of ivyleaf morningglory was improved when nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron was tank mixed with all of the herbicides included in this study with the exception of metsulfuron methyl + 2,4-D. Weed populations and biomass were lower when nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron were applied with various broadleaf herbicides than when it was applied alone. Grain sorghum yield was greater in all herbicide treatments than in the weedy check, with the highest grain yield from nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron + prosulfuron. This research showed that postemergence application of nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron effectively controls grass weeds, including barnyardgrass, green foxtail, and giant foxtail. The research also showed that velvetleaf and ivyleaf morningglory control was more effective when nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron were applied with other broadleaf herbicides.
Suitability of Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) Tags for Tracking Weed Seed Movement in Soils
Authors: Wilson David W. , Sbatella Gustavo M. , Wang QiQi , Miller Stephen D.
Published: September 2010

Information linking seed movement, along with changes in seed viability, is critical for understanding weed seed dynamics. Studies were conducted to examine the use of passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags placed in nylon mesh packets in combination with GPS (Global Positioning System) technology to track weed seed movement after tillage. Cylindrical PIT tags 11.5, 12, 20, and 23 mm long by 2 mm wide were evaluated in water and soil. Detection improved as tag size increased because of greater signal strength. Tags with the main axis oriented vertically were recovered at greater depths than when placed horizontally. Average detection depths for 12-mm PIT tags were 29.5 cm in water, 18.2 cm in sand, 24 cm in artificial soil, and 21.2 cm in sandy loam soil. Tests also showed that PIT tags and nylon mesh packets were resilient to intense tillage with a rototiller. No significant differences in displacement because of tillage were observed between free PIT tags and PIT-tagged packets. PIT tag performance was further tested in a 2-yr field experiment conducted between September 2003 and October 2005 at six sites in Nebraska and Wyoming. Tilled and no-till blocks were established at each site. PIT-tagged packets in the tilled block and untagged packets in the no-till block were used. Sample burial depths were 0, 2.5, 7.5, and 15 cm. Sample recovery rate did not differ between tilled and no-till blocks. Time of recovery was the main factor affecting recovery of packets buried at 0 and 2.5 cm in both blocks. Seed predation by small rodents and movement of samples beyond the area of study by tillage implements were the main sources of packet loss. Nevertheless, 2 yr after initiation of the study, more than 85% of the samples were recovered. Future development of PIT tag technology will lead to an enhanced ability to monitor seed movement.
Evaluation of Legume Cover Crops and Weed Control Programs in Conservation-Tillage, Enhanced Glyphosate-Resistant Cotton
Authors: Norsworthy Jason K. , McClelland Marilyn , Griffith Griff , Bangarwa Sanjeev K. , Still Joshua
Published: September 2010

Research was conducted at Marianna, AR, for 2 yr to determine whether hairy vetch and Austrian winter pea cover crops would aid weed management programs in conservation-tilled, enhanced glyphosate-resistant cotton. Both cover crops were easily established and produced rapid growth in early spring, with biomass production of 435 to 491 g m−2by Austrian winter pea and 415 to 438 g m−2by hairy vetch. The effect of cover crops on weed control was short-lived in both years, with herbicide programs being the major determinant of weed control and seed-cotton yield. Averaged over cover crops, seed-cotton yields when the initial in-crop glyphosate application was delayed to the four-node cotton stage were up to 710 kg ha−1less than in a PRE herbicide program. In 1 of 2 yr, seed-cotton yields were greater in PRE-treated plots compared with a program where initial weed management was delayed to the one-leaf stage of cotton. As a result of rapid decay of hairy vetch and Austrian winter pea biomass following cotton planting and the lack of adequate Palmer amaranth, pitted morningglory, and goosegrass control in the absence of herbicides, it appears there may be minimal weed management benefits from the use of hairy vetch and Austrian winter pea in Midsouth cotton production.
Response of Three Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) Cultivars to Mesotrione, Quinclorac, and Pendimethalin
Authors: Boydston Rick A. , Collins Harold P. , Fransen Steven C.
Published: September 2010

Annual grass weed control and switchgrass cultivar response to PRE-applied pendimethalin and POST-applied mesotrione and quinclorac was evaluated in 2005 and 2006 near Paterson, WA, in both newly seeded and 1-yr-old established switchgrass. Pendimethalin applied to newly planted switchgrass at 1.1 kg ai ha−1at the one-leaf stage in 2005 or at 0.67 kg ha−1PRE in 2006 severely injured and greatly reduced switchgrass stands. Mesotrione applied POST at 0.07 kg ai ha−1injured newly planted switchgrass, reduced switchgrass height for several weeks after treatment, and reduced final switchgrass biomass by 54% both years. ‘Kanlow’ and ‘Cave-in-Rock’ cultivars were injured less by mesotrione than ‘Shawnee’ in 2005, whereas in 2006, Kanlow was injured less than Shawnee and Cave-in-Rock. Quinclorac applied POST at 0.56 kg ai ha−1injured newly planted switchgrass less than mesotrione and pendimethalin but reduced final switchgrass biomass by 33% both years compared with treatment with atrazine alone. All three herbicide treatments controlled large crabgrass in the year of establishment. Green foxtail counts were reduced 93% or more by pendimethalin and quinclorac compared with nontreated controls, but mesotrione failed to control green foxtail. Pendimethalin applied PRE at 1.1 kg ha−1did not injure 1-yr-old established switchgrass or reduce switchgrass biomass. Quinclorac applied POST at 0.56 kg ha−1to established switchgrass reduced switchgrass biomass of the first harvest by 16% in 1 of 2 yr. Mesotrione applied POST at 0.07 kg ha−1injured established switchgrass and reduced biomass of the first harvest by 33 and 17% in 2005 and 2006, respectively. Kanlow was injured the least by mesotrione in both years. Established switchgrass suppressed late-emerging annual grass weeds sufficiently to avoid the need for a grass-specific herbicide application.
Widespread Occurrence of Herbicide-Resistant Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) in Northern Idaho and Eastern Washington
Authors: Rauch Traci A. , Thill Donald C. , Gersdorf Seth A. , Price William J.
Published: September 2010

Persistent use of herbicides has resulted in the selection of many herbicide-resistant weeds worldwide. A survey of 75 fields in the Palouse region of the inland Pacific Northwest was conducted to determine the extent of Italian ryegrass resistance to grass herbicides commonly used in winter wheat-cropping systems. Plants grown from collected seed samples were tested for resistance to diclofop, clodinafop, quizalofop, tralkoxydim, sethoxydim, clethodim, pinoxaden, triasulfuron, mesosulfuron, flucarbazone, imazamox, and flufenacet/metribuzin. Averaged across herbicide families within a herbicide group, some level of resistance was exhibited in 73, 31, and 31% of the populations to the aryloxyphenoxypropionates, cyclohexanediones, and phenylpyrazoline herbicides, respectively, and 39, 53, and 55% of the populations to the sulfonylureas, sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinone, and imidazolinone herbicides, respectively. Twelve percent of the populations showed some level of resistance to flufenacet/metribuzin. Cross-resistance to all acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase-inhibiting (group 1) herbicides was observed in 12% of the populations, whereas 25% of the populations were cross-resistant to all acetolactate synthase-inhibiting (group 2) herbicides tested. Of all the populations tested, 7% exhibited multiple resistance to at least one herbicide within all three groups tested. Only 5% of populations were completely susceptible to all 12 herbicides tested. These results indicate that herbicide-resistant Italian ryegrass populations are now common across much of the Palouse region in northern Idaho and eastern Washington.
Wide Row Spacing and Rigid Ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) Competition Can Decrease Barley Yield
Authors: Paynter Blakely H.
Published: September 2010

Field studies compared the grain yield of four two-row spring barley cultivars at four sites when sown at two-row spacing in competition with two densities of rigid ryegrass. The sites chosen had low background populations of rigid ryegrass. Although the four cultivars sown differed in their grain yield, row spacing did not influence cultivar performance. Doubling the row spacing decreased barley grain yield at three of the four sites. The impact of row spacing on grain yield was more noticeable when doubled to 48 or 50 cm compared with 36 cm. Rigid ryegrass competition reduced barley grain yield at two of the four sites. At both locations the influence of weed competition on barley grain yield was the same at both narrow and wide row spacing and at one location the impact of weed competition was modified by cultivar. Planting barley in wide rows was found to favor rigid ryegrass production through an increase in both rigid ryegrass biomass production and tiller number. The development of farming systems for barley on the basis of a row spacing greater than 25 cm is likely to be associated with an increase in weed productivity unless good integrated weed management principles are implemented. Modifications to the current system may allow an increase in row spacing without any yield loss or increased weed seed set.
Skeletal progenitors and the GNAS gene: fibrous dysplasia of bone read through stem cells
Authors: Riminucci Mara , Gehron Robey Pamela , Saggio Isabella , Bianco Paolo
Published: September 2010

Activating mutations of the GNAS gene, which causes fibrous dysplasia of bone (FD), lead to remarkable changes in the properties of skeletal progenitors, and it is these changes that mediate the pathological effect of this gene on bone. Mutated skeletal stem cells lose the ability to differentiate into adipocytes, and to maintain in situ, and transfer heterotopically, the hematopoietic microenvironment, leading to abnormal bone marrow histology in FD. They overexpress molecular effectors of osteoclastogenesis, thus promoting inappropriate bone resorption leading to fragility of FD bone. They express the phosphate-regulating hormone FGF-23 at normal levels, whose excess in the serum of FD patients correlates with the mass of osteogenic cells within FD lesions, leading to osteomalacia and deformity of the FD bone, and revealing that bone is an endocrine organ regulating renal handling of phosphate. Mechanisms of allelic selection and stem cell selection occur in mutated skeletal stem cells and contribute to the inherent diversity and evolution over time in FD. The definition of the etiological role of GNAS mutations marks the watershed between many decades of descriptive observation and the definition of cellular and molecular mechanisms that would explain and hopefully allow for a cure for the disease. Placing stem cells at center stage has permitted substantial advances in one decade, and promises more for the one to come.
Intimate Partner Violence and Hurricane Katrina: Predictors and Associated Mental Health Outcomes
Authors: Schumacher Julie A. , Coffey Scott F. , Norris Fran H. , Tracy Melissa , Clements Kahni , Galea Sandro
Published: September 2010

This study sought to establish the prevalence and correlates of intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization in the 6 months before and after Hurricane Katrina. Participants were 445 married or cohabiting persons who were living in the 23 southernmost counties of Mississippi at the time of Hurricane Katrina. Data for this study were collected as part of a larger, population-based, representative study. The percentage of women reporting psychological victimization increased from 33.6% prior to Hurricane Katrina to 45.2% following Hurricane Katrina (p < .001). The percentage of men reporting psychological victimization increased from 36.7% to 43.1% (p = .01). Reports of physical victimization increased from 4.2% to 8.3% for women (p = .01) but were unchanged for men. Significant predictors of post-Katrina victimization included pre-Katrina victimization, age, educational attainment, marital status, and hurricane-related stressors. Reports of IPV were associated with greater risk of post-Katrina depression and posttraumatic stress disorder. Data from the first population-based study to document IPV following a large-scale natural disaster suggest that IPV may be an important but often overlooked public health concern following disasters.
Intimate Partner Violence and PTSD: The Moderating Role of Emotion-Focused Coping
Authors: Lilly Michelle M. , Graham-Bermann Sandra A.
Published: September 2010

Intimate partner violence (IPV) affects millions of women every year, often resulting in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The strength of the relationship between IPV and PTSD has been shown to be affected by factors such as the amount of violence exposure and the style of coping in which the individual engages. For example, emotion-focused coping has been shown to be strongly related to IPV exposure and the expression of PTSD symptoms. This topic was explored in IPV survivors, with the finding that more frequent use of emotion-focused coping was associated with both higher violence exposure and heightened PTSD symptoms. Regression analyses revealed that emotion-focused coping moderated the relationship between IPV exposure and PTSD symptoms. More specifically, the results suggest that while individuals low on emotion-focused coping had fewer PTSD symptoms than women who frequently used emotion-focused coping, these individuals reported higher PTSD symptoms in the presence of frequent violence exposure. For individuals who frequently engaged in emotion-focused coping, violence exposure was less strongly associated with symptoms of PTSD.
Does Asking Adolescents About Suicidal Ideation Induce Negative Mood State?
Authors: Deeley Stephanie T. , Love Anthony W.
Published: September 2010

Two studies examined the potential for negative mood induction through participating in suicidal ideation questionnaire research. Items immediately preceding mood state measures were hypothesized to influence mood state in a negative or positive direction, depending on their emotional content. Study 1 involved 129 adolescents. Mood state decreased nonsignificantly following items on suicidal-type ideation and significantly improved following a series of positive affect items. Study 2 followed up 71 of the original participants 3 years later using a briefer version of the original questionnaire. Here no significant differences in mood state were found at any measurement point. In both studies, the salience of items preceding the mood measure explained a significant proportion of variance in mood state. We concluded that negative mood induction effects were minimal. Ethical implications are discussed.
ACES: A Program to Improve Asthma Outcomes in a High-Morbidity Pediatric Population
Authors: Caruso Diane M. , Holditch-Davis Diane , Bartlett Robin , Turner Barbara
Published: September 2010

The goal of this project was to determine if a nurse practitioner (NP) designed and managed primary care based asthma quality improvement (QI) program titled Asthma Control and Elimination of Symptoms (ACES) could improve asthma outcomes in a high-morbidity pediatric population. A convenience sample of 31 children age 2 to 17 years with persistent asthma were recruited from a private practice in a rural community to participate in this prospective study with 3 months of follow-up. The primary outcome measures were symptom improvement and use of symptom prevention medication. The secondary outcome measures were reduced ED visits and hospitalizations. Participants in the ACES program had significant improvement in daytime asthma symptoms, nighttime asthma symptoms, use of rescue medication, activity tolerance, missed school days, attacks lasting longer than 24 hr, and use of symptom prevention medication. There was a decrease in ED visits and no change in rate of hospitalizations. One hundred percent of participants completed the program and the QI project improved health outcomes of all children in the program.
Efficacy and Safety of Adjunctive Local Moxifloxacin Delivery in the Treatment of Periodontitis
Authors: Flemmig Thomas F. , Petersilka Gregor , Völp Andreas , Gravemeier Martina , Zilly Martin , Mross Daniela , Prior Karola , Yamamoto Julie , Beikler Thomas
Published: September 2010

Background: Moxifloxacin exerts excellent antibacterial activity against most putative periodontal pathogens and has been shown to kill bacteria in biofilm and host cells.

Methods: Patients with chronic periodontitis were randomly assigned to receive a single subgingival application of a 0.125%, 0.4%, or 1.25% moxifloxacin gel or placebo gel immediately after full‐mouth scaling and root planing (SRP). Clinical efficacy measurements were assessed in sites with baseline probing depth (PD) of ≥5.4 mm at 6 weeks and 3 months and any adverse events were determined. In addition, putative periodontal pathogens and resistance of subgingival bacteria against moxifloxacin were assessed.

Results: Data of 57 patients were included in the statistical analysis. In all treatment groups, the PD decreased from baseline to 3 months, with the greatest reduction seen in patients treated with moxifloxacin 0.4% (1.5 ± 0.6 mm; P = 0.023 compared to placebo), followed by patients receiving moxifloxacin 1.25% (1.2 ± 0.4), moxifloxacin 0.125% (1.1 ± 1.1), and placebo (1.0 ± 0.6). No linear trend for PD reduction with increasing moxifloxacin concentrations was found. Porphyromonas gingivalis showed the greatest reduction in prevalence among the assessed pathogens, without any significant intergroup differences. No correlation or systematic relationship between adverse events, including bacterial resistance against moxifloxacin, and the investigational gels was found.

Conclusions: In periodontal pockets with PD of ≥5.4 mm, a single subgingival administration of a 0.4% moxifloxacin gel as an adjunct to SRP may result in additional PD reduction compared to SRP alone. In addition, the investigated moxifloxacin gels seem to be safe.
Differential Cytokine Patterns in Mouse Macrophages and Gingival Fibroblasts After Stimulation With Porphyromonas gingivalis or Escherichia coli Lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Jones Katy J. , Ekhlassi Sanaz , Montufar‐Solis Dina , Klein John R. , Schaefer Jeremy S.
Published: September 2010

Background: A major cause of chronic inflammatory periodontal disease is Porphyromonas gingivalis, a non‐motile, Gram‐negative, rod‐shaped, anaerobic bacterium. Within gingival tissue, both macrophages and fibroblasts participate in the immune response to foreign entities by releasing cytokines and expressing molecules to recruit and activate lymphocytes. However, the contribution of gingival macrophages and fibroblasts to the immune response to P. gingivalis infection is not fully known.

Methods: The AMJ2‐C8 cell line (AM cells), a mouse alveolar macrophage cell line, and ESK‐1 cells, a mouse gingival fibroblast cell line made in our laboratory, were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from either P. gingivalis or Escherichia coli. The expression of immune response molecules was quantified by real‐time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme‐linked immunoassay.

Results: AM and ESK‐1 cells responded differently to P. gingivalis and E. coli LPS stimulation. The ESK‐1 gingival fibroblast cell line was more responsive to E. coli LPS stimulation as seen by elevated levels of interleukin (IL)‐6, inducible nitric oxide, and monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 expression relative to stimulation by P. gingivalis LPS. Conversely, the AM macrophage cell line was more responsive to P. gingivalis LPS stimulation, particularly for interleukin IL‐1β, IL‐6, and monocyte chemotactic protein‐1, relative to stimulation by E. coli LPS.

Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that E. coli LPS induces a stronger cytokine and chemokine response in gingival fibroblasts, whereas P. gingivalis LPS induces a stronger response in macrophages.
Mobile and Fixed-Bearing (All-Polyethylene Tibial Component) Total Knee Arthroplasty Designs
Authors: Luna Jeffrey T. , Sembrano Jonathan N. , Gioe Terence J.
Published: September 2010

BACKGROUND:

Proponents of mobile-bearing total knee arthroplasty believe that it has potential advantages over a fixed-bearing design in terms of diminished wear and improved motion and/or function, but these advantages have not been demonstrated in a randomized clinical comparison to our knowledge. We conducted a patient-blinded, prospective, randomized clinical trial to compare mobile-bearing and fixed-bearing cruciate-substituting total knee arthroplasties of the same design.

METHODS:

Patients between the ages of sixty and eighty-five years were prospectively randomized to receive a cruciate-substituting rotating-platform design or a fixed-bearing design with an all-polyethylene tibial component. There were no significant differences in the demographic characteristics (mean age, 72.2 years; mean American Society of Anesthesiologists score, 2.7; mean body mass index, 31.8 kg/m2) or preoperative clinical or radiographic measures between the groups. Routine clinical and radiographic follow-up measures included the Knee Society score (KSS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), and Short Form-36 (SF-36) outcome measures.

RESULTS:

The results of 312 arthroplasties (136 with an all-polyethylene tibial component and 176 rotating-platform designs) in 273 patients were analyzed at a minimum of two years (mean, forty-two months) postoperatively. Although there was significant improvement in both groups, there was no significant difference between the groups with regard to the mean postoperative range of motion (110.9° and 109.1°, respectively; p = 0.21), the mean KSS clinical score (90.4 and 88.2 points; p = 0.168), or the mean KSS pain score (44.9 and 43.1 points; p = 0.108) at this follow-up point. There were ten revisions: seven because of infection, one because of patellar fracture, one because of instability, and one because of aseptic loosening.

CONCLUSIONS:

The two designs functioned equivalently at the time of early follow-up in this low-to-moderate-demand patient group. The rotating-platform design had no significant clinical advantage over the design with the all-polyethylene tibial component.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:

Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

ORIGINAL ABSTRACT CITATION:

“Mobile and Fixed-Bearing (All Polyethylene Tibial Component) Total Knee Arthroplasty Designs. A Prospective Randomized Trial” (2009;91:2104-12).
Clamp-Assisted Reduction of High Subtrochanteric Fractures of the Femur
Authors: Afsari Alan , Liporace Frank , Lindvall Eric , Infante Anthony , Sagi Henry C. , Haidukewych George J.
Published: September 2010

BACKGROUND:

Subtrochanteric fractures can be a treatment challenge. The substantial forces that this region experiences and the fact that the proximal fragment is frequently displaced make accurate reduction and internal fixation difficult. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a series of patients who had undergone clamp-assisted reduction and intramedullary nail fixation to determine the impact of this technique on fracture union rates and reduction quality.

METHODS:

Between December 2003 and January 2007, fifty-five consecutive patients with a displaced high subtrochanteric femoral fracture were treated with clamp-assisted reduction and intramedullary nail fixation at two level-I trauma centers. Two patients died, and nine were lost to follow-up. The remaining forty-four patients were followed until union or a minimum of six months. There were twenty-seven male and seventeen female patients with a mean age of fifty-five years. All were treated with an antegrade statically locked nail implanted with a reaming technique as well as the assistance of a reduction clamp placed through a small lateral incision. Nine patients were treated with a single supplemental cerclage cable. Radiographs were evaluated for the quality of the reduction and fracture union.

RESULTS:

Forty-three of the forty-four fractures united. All reductions were within 5° of the anatomic position in both the frontal and the sagittal plane. Thirty-eight (86%) of the forty-four reductions were anatomic. Six fractures had a minor varus deformity of the proximal fragment (between 2° and 5°). There were no complications.

DISCUSSION:

Surgical treatment of subtrochanteric femoral fractures with clamp-assisted reduction and intramedullary nail fixation techniques with judicious use of a cerclage cable can result in excellent reductions and a high union rate. Careful attention to detail is important to perform these maneuvers with minimal additional soft-tissue disruption.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

ORIGINAL ABSTRACT CITATION:

“Clamp-Assisted Reduction of High Subtrochanteric Fractures of the Femur” (2009;91:1913-8).
Allograft-Prosthesis Composite Reconstruction of the Proximal Part of the Humerus
Authors: Abdeen Ayesha , Healey John H.
Published: September 2010

BACKGROUND:

Limb salvage following resection of a tumor in the proximal part of the humerus poses many challenges. Reconstructive options are limited because of the loss of periarticular soft-tissue stabilizers of the glenohumeral joint in addition to the loss of bone and articular cartilage. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the functional outcome and survival of the reconstruction following use of a humeral allograft-prosthesis composite for limb salvage.

METHODS:

An allograft-prosthesis composite was used to reconstruct a proximal humeral defect following tumor resection in thirty-six consecutive patients at one institution over a sixteen-year period. The reconstruction was performed at the time of a primary tumor resection in thirty cases, after a failure of a reconstruction following a previous tumor resection in five patients, and following excision of a local recurrence in one patient. The mean duration of follow-up of the living patients was five years. Glenohumeral stability, function, implant survival, fracture rate, and union rate following the reconstructions were measured. Functional outcome and implant survival were analyzed on the basis of the amount of deltoid resection, whether the glenohumeral resection had been extra-articular or intra-articular, and the length of the humerus that had been resected.

RESULTS:

One patient sustained a glenohumeral dislocation. Deltoid resection (partial or complete) resulted in a reduced postoperative range of motion in flexion and abduction but had no effect on the mean Musculoskeletal Tumor Society score. Extra-articular resections were associated with lower Musculoskeletal Tumor Society scores. All patients had either mild or no pain and normal hand function at the time of final follow-up. The overall estimated rate of survival of the construct, with revision as the end point, was 88% at ten years. There were three failures due to progressive prosthetic loosening that necessitated removal of the construct. Four patients required an additional bone-grafting procedure to treat a delayed union of the osteosynthesis site.

CONCLUSIONS:

An allograft-prosthesis composite used for limb salvage following tumor resection in the proximal part of the humerus is a durable construct associated with an acceptable complication rate. Deltoid preservation and intra-articular resection are associated with a greater range of shoulder motion and a superior functional outcome, respectively.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

ORIGINAL ABSTRACT CITATION:

“Allograft-Prosthesis Composite Reconstruction of the Proximal Part of the Humerus. Functional Outcome and Survivorship” (2009;91:2406-15).