bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Macrophage-Inspired Nanorobots to Fast Recognition of Bacteria and Virus Through Electric Forces and Fields Patterns Inside of an Internet of Bio-Nano Things Network
Authors: Nieto-Chaupis Huber
Published: October 2019

We present computational simulations of the expected performance by a nanodevice that would play the role as an immune system cell such as the well-known macrophage, in the sense that these advanced devices can detect and perform interventions against aggregations of bacteria or virus. These prospective nanorobots would have the capability to recognize physical properties as well as to anticipate motion of bacteria and virus based entirely in electric interactions. The recognition of the type of bacteria is achieved through the continuous sensing of the electric interactions between the nanorobot and bacteria. A physics-based model entirely developed from the calculations of electric forces supports the content of this paper.

From the fact that nanorobots can exert electric forces on bacteria membrane based on the electric interactions basically. These engineered advanced devices are modeled through electrodynamics interactions that in a first instance might well described by the Jackson and Laplace equations in conjunction to the solution of the diffusion’s equation. By knowing forces and fields is possible to gain information about composition, motility and decisions made by bacteria and virus.

Once the intensity of the electric force has been estimated the nanorobot can perform concrete tasks. In this manner a frequency is associated for a range of intensity of field. Such frequency is related to a certain color. Thus, in according to color, morphology and motility of the bacteria aggregations the nanorobot executes a decision to break-off the ionic internal composition to decrease their kinematics.

Therefore, the distance between nanorobot and bacteria plays a crucial role in the simulations as to the fidelity of the recognition of the chemical compounds. The nanorobot learns about the type of bacteria through the frequency of oscillation.

While a macrophage swallow and absorbs biological and biochemical debris and compounds, the present proposal translates this concept to one inside of the territory of Classical Electrodynamics by which advanced nanodevices acquire firm capabilities to reduce bacteria capacities to break their homeostasis in short times.

The simulations have employed the method of bandwidth that allows to vary the field intensity through the resulting mathematical expressions. E-coli was used to test the model of this paper.
Development of a Novel Tyrosinase Amperometric Biosensor Based on Tin Nanoparticles for the Detection of Bisphenol A (4.4-Isopropylidenediphenol) in Water
Authors: Mayedwa N , Ajayi R F , Mongwaketsi N , Matinise N , Mulaudzi-Masuku T , Hendricks K , Maaza M
Published: October 2019

Highly crystalline poly-vinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) capped Sn nanocrystals with good size and shape uniformity was synthesized by a hydrothermal process. A highly sensitive amperometric biosensor for the detection of Bisphenol A (BPA) was developed by immobilizing Tyrosinase on to glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with Sn nanoparticles. The fabricated amperometric biosensor exhibited excellent electroactivity towards BPA oxidation catalysed by enzymatic reaction of tyrosinase together with good conductivity of Sn nanoparticles. The developed biosensor displayed linear range from 0.01 to 0.10 μmol L-1 and a detection limit (DL) of 1.8 nmol L-1 with a correlation coefficient of 0.989. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) obtained in buffer solution for Tyrosinase/SnNP/GCE had the lowest charge transfer resistance (Rct) value of 219 Ω, which indicated low charge transfer. There was an increase in Rct for Tyrosinase/GCE, SnNP/GCE and Bare GCE which was 316 Ω, 638 Ω and 598 Ω respectively. This indicated a strong resistance to charge transfer. It is reported for the first time the use of Sn nanoparticles modified on GCE and tyrosinase for detection of BPA.
The performance evaluation of nanostructured perovskite-type complex oxides GdBO3 (B = Fe, Co, Mn) for carbon monoxide hydrogenation
Authors: Sheshko T F , Kryuchkova T A , Sharaeva A A , Serov Y M , Yafarova L V , Zvereva I A
Published: October 2019

Nanostructured perovskite-type oxides GdBO3 (B = Fe, Co, Mn) synthesized by sol-gel technology, have been used as catalysts for the light olefins production by carbon monoxide hydrogenation. Perovskite materials were characterized using different techniques: XRD, SEM+EDX, BET, TG to study structure and morphology. Oxidation state of Fe and Mn was determined by XPS. The catalytic activity test was carried out in a continuous-flow mode with chromatographic analysis of the reaction mixture. It was found that the catalytic characteristics are determined by the nature of the metal in the B-site of perovskite. The specific catalytic activity increases in the series GdMnO3 <GdFeO3 <GdCoO3, and selectivity for olefins - in the reverse order.
Assessing the structural, morphological and magnetic properties of polymer-coated magnesium-doped cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles for biomedical application
Authors: Mokhosi SR , Mdlalose W , Mngadi S , Singh M , Moyo T
Published: October 2019

In this study, we have functionalised cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles (NPs) by doping with a natural bio-mineral magnesium (Mg) and coating with three polymers to enhance biocompatibility and feasibility for therapeutic applications. The glycol-thermal method was employed to synthesise CoFe2O4 and Mg0.5Co0.5Fe2O4 NPs. The latter NPs were functionalised with chitosan (CHI), poly-ethylene glycol (PEG) and poly-vinyl alcohol (PVA) to produce CHI-Mg0.5Co0.5Fe2O4, PEG-Mg0.5Co0.5Fe2O4 and PVA-Mg0.5Co0.5Fe2O4. The structure and morphology of NPs were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high resolution TEM (HR-TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). Magnetic measurements were carried out using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). XRD patterns confirmed inverse cubic spinel phase structure typical of ferrite NPs. NPs exhibited spherical shape with average size diameters of ranging between 8 nm and 11 nm. Coating increased these average size diameters up to 13 nm. Zeta potential measurements indicated low colloidal stability of the NPs which improved considerably with PEG and PVA coating. FTIR confirmed surface modifications seen in additional peaks characterised by amine and carbonyl groups for chitosan and PEG/PVA, respectively. CoFe2O4 NPs exhibited high saturation magnetisations of 73.861 emu/g. This value decreased with magnesium-doping and polymer-coating due to shielding effect. In vitro cytotoxicity analysis demonstrated significant tolerability of coated Mg0.5Co0.5Fe2O4 NPs at concentrations of 800 μg/ml in cervical cancer (HeLa) cell lines. Conclusively, these polymer-coated ferrites present feasible nanocarriers in magneto-targeted drug delivery.
Preparation and Characterization of ZnO & TiO2 Nanocatalysts For Photo Degradation of Bentazon existing in Polluted water
Authors: Ahmed Shorouq
Published: October 2019

One of the most important scientific research activities in both of energy and environmental sectors is synthesizing of composites such as nanocatalyst powders of zinc oxide and titanium oxide. The reason why is the best to use this combination of composites, as they are available in the market, with low cost, they have powerful optical,electric properties, high stability, and nontoxicity,these composites are classified as one of the best promising photocatalysts. They show high level of light absorption range and wide range of charge transfer from ZnO to TiO2 their composite has a superior photocatalytic activity. The goal of this investigation is to prove the applicability of ZnO–TiO2 composite as a photocatalyst for degradation of Bentazon in polluted water. Many various parameters will be studied, to see their effects on the process of the degradation of the Bentazon, examples of that are the initial catalyst dosage, pH level, initial Bentazon concentration, purging of oxygen gas, adding of hydrogen peroxide of a multiple concentration and total organic compounds on the removal efficiency of Bentazon.The best guaranteed removal of Bentazon is at neutral pH,and the reason for that could be due to the photo-corrosion of ZnO composite for both acidic and basic conditions. While it is noticeable that degradation of the Bentazon decreased in the presence of organic compounds. Removing the Bentazon by UV/ZnO/TiO2 process shows greater Efficiency than that by UV/TiO2 process, UV/ZnO, and UV alone.
Effects of types of polyols on thermal degradation behaviors of poly(benzoxazine-urethane) alloys
Authors: Klinchan Aumnart , Luengrojanakul Panuwat , Rimdusit Sarawut
Published: October 2019

In this work, thermal stability of alloys of polybenzoxazine (PBA-a) / polyurethane (PU) which show unique shape memory properties has been investigated. This study aims to confirm the thermal stability under cyclic heat activation in shape memory performance. Thermal degradation kinetics of the system is evaluated as this behaviour has not been studied before. The degradation temperatures of the obtained alloys were determined by Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA) with various heating rates of 15, 20 and 25°C/min. Polybenzoxazine and polyurethane alloys at weight ratios of 80:20, 70:30 and 60:40 were examined.
The preparation and characterization of cellulose derivative membrane as matrix for sustained release formulation
Authors: Hadi Saptono , Hastuti Budi , Suryaningtyas Riskita
Published: October 2019

A synthesis of cellulose derivative membrane has been performed as good candidate for sustained release matrix. Alginate is a polysaccharide that water-soluble, consisting of β-D-manuronate and α-L-guluronate, and contains of carboxylic (–COOH) and hydroxyl (–OH) groups which allow to form hydrogen bonds with drug compounds. The purpose of this study is to determine the physicochemical properties of alginate membranes. The membranes were prepared by the solution casting method on polypropylene container. Structural characterization of the membrane was done by fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and the mechanical properties of the membrane was analyzed with tensile strength test and elongation test based on variation of alginate concentration. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was done to determine the surface morphology of the membrane. The FTIR spectra showed the presence of carbonyl group (C=O) at 1597 cm−1 and hydroxyl group (–OH) at 3426 cm−1. The tensile strength of membrane for alginate with different concentration at 3.3, 5, and 10% w/v were 8.84, 17.07, and 7.36 MPa, respectively. This indicates that the higher concentration of alginate membrane will increase the strength of the membrane, but at higher alginate concentration the membrane strength tend to decrease.
Influence of flame retardants on the mechanical properties of glass fiber reinforced compounds in polymeric matrix epoxy and polyester
Authors: Pérez-Salinas C F , Castro C B , Valencia E R , Freire O F
Published: October 2019

In the present study, polymeric epoxy and polyester resin reinforced with glass fiber compounds were prepared by adding of flame retardants based on aluminum and magnesium hydroxide in order to evaluate their influence on mechanical properties. An experimental DOE design was developed with two qualitative factors: the resin and retardant type; with two levels each and a quantitative factor: volumetric composition of the retardant with three levels (3%, 6% and 9%). With all possible combinations; tensile, flexural and impact tests were carried out. The results showed that the addition of retardants in different percentages has different influence for each mechanical property. It was evidenced that the 9% HA Aluminum Hydroxide has no significant effect on the tensile strength and its modulus compared to Magnesium Hydroxide HM. Conversely; on the flexural strength, flexural modulus and rupture energy the HM has a slightly lower effect with respect to the HA. For flexural strength and its modulus, the best proportion of retardant was 6%. 3% is the recommendation for rupture energy. The data presented in this document can be used to improve the fire resistance of the existing materials studied.
Biocompatibility and surface properties of hydrogenated amorphous silicon-germanium thin films prepared by LF-PECVD
Authors: Huerta F López , García R M Woo , González L García , May A L Herrera , Arriaga W Calleja , Vega R , Soto E
Published: October 2019

We studied the surface morphology and biocompatibility of hydrogenated amorphous silicon-germanium (a-Si1-xGex:H) thin films prepared by Low Frequency Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (LF-PECVD). These films were deposited on a Corning 2947 glass substrate having a thickness of 3 μm, the electrical performance showed a decreased electrical resistance for low regime voltage. The root mean square (RMS) surface roughness of the films was measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM) in a non-contact mode. A biocompatibility tests was carried out using primary cultures of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of Wistar rats. The DRG neurons were incubated for 18 hours on a-Si1-xGex:H thin films, and subsequent electrophysiological recording was performed. These neurons displayed typical ionic currents, including a fast-inward current at the beginning of voltage clamp pulse (Na+ current) and ensuing outward currents (K+ current). In current clamp experiments, depolarizing current pulse injection caused typical action potential discharge of the neurons. These results confirmed the feasibility of using a-Si1-xGex:H thin films as a biocompatible material.
Characterisation and wear behaviour of rolled carbon steel in Dot 4 brake fluid
Authors: Ajibola Olawale O , Akinribide Ojo J , Akinwamide Samuel O , Olubambi Peter A
Published: October 2019

The wear behaviour of as-rolled carbon steel (ARCS) in DOT4 brake fluid is investigated and reported in this study. Sample was characterised using chemical analysis, hardness, impact and tensile strength tests. Arc-spectrometry and the Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDS) facilities were used to ascertain the chemical compositions. The microstructures and wear track patterns of samples were evaluated using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and High-resolution metallurgical microscope. The wear of as-rolled carbon steel (ARCS) samples subjected to reciprocating motion of loads at room temperature and constant wear time were compared in air, DOT4 fluid and water. The frictional behaviour and wear track patterns of the specimens subjected to varied normal loads (3, 5 and 10N) under reciprocating sliding wear were employed to assess the wear damage of samples in the three different environments. The coefficient of friction (CoF) obtained tends to be in the order of μDOT4 brake fluid < μwater < μair comparatively for the three test environments.
Wear behaviour of cast aluminium silicon (Al-Si) alloy in Dot 4 brake fluid
Authors: Ajibola Olawale O , Aribo Sunday , Ige Oladeji O , Akinribide Ojo J , Akinwamide Samuel O , Olubambi Peter A
Published: October 2019

The frictional sliding behaviour of cast Al-Si alloy was investigated with and without DOT 4 hydraulic brake fluid lubrication/environments. Cast Al-Si specimen was produced from wrought alloy and the specimen surface was metallurgically prepared. The as-cast product was characterized with aid of micro-hardness tester, the chemical composition was analysed by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), while X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to identify phases present, microstructures and surface examinations were done on a high resolution metallurgical Optical Microscope. The properties of the polished and worn sample surfaces were examined by Scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with Energy dispersive X-ray (EDS) facilities. A 6mm diameter alumina ball under varying normal loads (3-10 N) was rubbed against the surface of the cast Al-Si coupon specimen. The dry and wet sliding wear behaviour was assessed based on the CoF-sliding time behaviour. From the results, the average CoF values of 0.9064 for dry and 0.2038 for wet contacts were obtained. Comparatively, 1.03E-06 and 4.21E-07 minimum wear intensities; and 467290 and 132170 wear resistances were obtained for dry and wet contacts respectively. Behaviour of cast Al-Si in DOT4 were compared with its performance in DOT3 regarding the hydraulic brake system application.
Experimental investigation of the road performance of terminal blend rubber asphalt mixture with different dry-way additives
Authors: Huang Q B , Qian Z D , Zhang M , Xue Y C
Published: October 2019

Using wet-way composite modification method may result in the amount of ground tire rubber (GTR) in terminal blend rubber asphalt (TB) undetectable. So, it is of great interest to find out if dry-way modification method can substitute for wet-way composite modified asphalt to address the shortcomings of TB mixture. A laboratory experiment was developed for performance evaluation of TB asphalt mixtures with dry –way use polymer additives. The results showed that: (1) 5 hours was recommended as optimum processing time, since no obvious difference existed after TB asphalt modifying for 5 h and 7 h. (2) The incorporation of anti-rutting agent PLAST.S, GTR, polyester fiber (PF) and styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer (SBS) improved the rutting stability, resistance against low-temperature cracking, moisture stability and fatigue life of TB asphalt mixture, especially when PLAST.S and PF were used. (3) The use of GTR and PF brought obvious increase of mixing torques, resulting in more challenges to the workability of TB asphalt mixtures, whereas mixture with PLAST.S did not have a statistically significant difference with TB asphalt mixture. Therefore, according to the results obtained, PF can be used to replace TB/SBS composited modified asphalt since the two shared the most similar improvement of the properties of TB asphalt mixtures, while PLAST.S and GTR were also considered as good choices for modifying the TB asphalt mixture in dry-way.
An active actuator based on giant magnetostrictive composite pendulum for vibration isolation
Authors: Chen J M , Jin A , Wang L , Tang Y X
Published: October 2019

This paper proposes an active actuator based on giant magnetostrictive composite pendulum for vibration isolation, laying the foundation for vertical micro-vibration isolation. The performance of a single-stage pendulum vibration isolation system can be improved by increasing the pendulum length, along with the influence of the environment on the system increases. In precise experiments, effective isolation of vertical micro-vibration improves the accuracy of the experiments. Interference caused by micro-vibration can be attenuated by designed magnetostrictive actuators. Then, a suspension actuator consists of a composite pendulum and a driving device is designed. The composite pendulum is composed of a quartz fiber coated with a giant magnetostrictive material (GMM). The GMM can achieve the desired small strain in a designed magnetic field. GMM is applied on a quartz fiber to form a composite pendulum. Therefore, low-frequency active vibration isolation of single pendulum is realized. Compared with the passive vertical vibration isolation system, the system gets better vibration isolation and anti-interference ability. Compared with the traditional active vertical vibration isolation system, it has the advantages of system simplification, high integration and high sensitivity.
Analysis of oil droplet deformation model in oil-water dynamic hydrocyclone
Authors: Guo G D , Cao C Q , Shao H Y
Published: October 2019

The flow field in the rotating drum of dynamic oil-water hydrocyclone separator is a high turbulent shear flow field. Oil droplets are easily deformed, broken and even emulsified when the oil droplets enter the drum. Because oil droplets are affected by high turbulent shear flow field. If oil-water emulsification occurs, the separation performance of dynamic oil-water hydrocyclone will be dramatically reduced. Therefore, it is an important subject to study dynamic oil-water hydrocyclone separator and improve its separation performance to carry out oil drop deformation model research, which can reduce oil drop deformation and fragmentation and formulate measures to avoid oil-water emulsification.
Rapid identification of Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Salmonella enterica serovars Paratyphi A from chicken meat
Authors: Raharjo D , Yulistiani R , Setyarini W , Arizandy R Y , Prayoga W , Shirakawa T
Published: October 2019

Rapid diagnosis of pathogenic bacteria in food is closely related to safety. We modified a Culture-based methods for Salmonella sp. which rapidly identified Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Salmonella enterica serovars Paratyphi A from chicken meat samples. The World Health Organization method consists of six steps of the test, sequentially pre-enrichment, selective enrichment, selective diagnostic isolation, pick presumptive Salmonella colonies, biochemical and serological confirmation. Modifications made at three stages of pick presumptive Salmonella colonies, biochemical confirmation and serological confirmation into a single stage of molecular testing to detect genes rfbE and, using tyv and prt primer. In summary, from 120 samples, the modified technique successfully identified 39 (32.5%) Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and one Salmonella enterica serovars Paratyphi A (0, 83%) compare with 13 (10.8%) and negative result with conventional protocol. The modified were faster and more sensitive than conventional techniques.
Effect of diets containing fish oil and different levels of purslane meal on production performance and carcass quality of broiler chickens
Authors: Kartikasari L R , Hertanto B S , Putra S M , Iswara Y , Nuhriawangsa A M P
Published: October 2019

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of dietary inclusion of purslane meal (Portulaca oleraceae) and sardines fish oil as a source of omega-3 fats on production performance and carcass quality of broiler chickens. A total of 180 one-day old unsexed Cobb broiler chickens were used in this study. The broilers were randomly allocated into 30 pens with each pen consisted of 6 birds. The pens were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments with 6 replicates (36 birds per treatment). The diets were prepared from a basal diet (P0). The experimental diets were formulated by supplementing the basal diet containing 1.5% sardines fish oil and levels of purslane meal 0 (P1), 6 (P2), 12 (P3), and 18.0% (P4). Water and diets were provided ad libitum for a period of 35 days. Data production parameters were recorded weekly. The data were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Differences between treatment means were further analysed using Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test. Results showed that there were no significant effects on production parameters and carcass weight by adding of dietary purslane meal up to a level of 12%. However, supplementation of 18% purslane meal (P4) resulted in a decrease in body weight from 1718 g (P0) to 1278 g (P4) and in carcass weight from 1139 g (P0) to 811.5 g (P4). It was concluded that dietary levels of purslane meal up to a level of 12% didn’t have negative effect on production performance and carcass quality of broiler chickens.
Effect of arbuscular mycorrhiza and organic matter type toward growth and yield of sorghum on Oxisol Tuntang
Authors: Cahyani V R , Muntoyib J , Hartati S
Published: October 2019

Utilization Oxisol as plant growth media for sorghum is still limited. The main problems of the cultivation in Oxisol are low pH, high soluble form of Al, Mn, Fe, low organic matter (OM) and lack of nutrients especially P. The purpose of the present research was to examine the effect of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) and OM type toward the growth and yield of sorghum on Oxisol Tuntang. The pot experiment was conducted in greenhouse using factorial completely randomized design with two factors of AM inoculation and OM type with three replications. The first factor was inoculation of AM: without and with AM inoculation. The second factor was OM type: without OM, elephant grass compost, cow dung compost, worm castings and goat manure. The inoculation of AM in interaction with OM significantly increased AM colonization, spore density, leaf number, dry weight, water uptake, P concentration, P uptake and grain mass. Interaction of AM with worm castings and interaction of AM with goat manure indicated the same higher effect on sorghum growth and yield, compared with the interaction of AM with elephant grass compost and interaction of AM with cow dung compost. The control treatment showed the lowest plant performance.
Panelist acceptance level and characterization of physical and chemical properties on dark chocolate bar with addition of kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix DC.) leaf essential oil
Authors: Yoriska D P , Praseptiangga D , Khasanah L U
Published: October 2019

In this study, panelist acceptance level, physical, and chemical properties of dark chocolate bar enriched with kaffir lime (Citrus hystrixDC.) leaf essential oil (0.25%, 0.5%, and 0.75%) were studied. The addition of kaffir lime leaf essential oil in dark chocolate bar is aimed to enrich the content of functional compounds in dark chocolate and is expected to create an Indonesian chocolate signature. The results showed that panelist acceptance level decreased with increasing concentration of kaffir lime leaf essential oil added in parameters of aroma, taste, and overall, thus, the highest panelists acceptance was dark chocolate bar with the addition of 0.25% kaffir lime leaf essential oil. The addition of various formulations of kaffir lime leaf essential oil showed a decrease in hardness significantly and the color differences between dark chocolate with and without addition of kaffir lime leaf essential oil were very small. The addition of 0.25% kaffir lime leaf essential oil increased the moisture content and antioxidant activity in dark chocolate bar significantly. Major compounds detected in GC-MS analysis of dark chocolate bar with the addition of 0.25% kaffir lime leaf essential oil were theobromine, citronellal, caffeine, and vanillin.
Elicitation under salinity stress increases flavonoid content and antioxidant activity in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) sprouts
Authors: Rajendra F M , Kristiani L S , Ariviani S
Published: October 2019

Legumes are often used as a source of natural antioxidant. Elicitation is a promising alternative way of improving antioxidant compounds in legumes sprouts, such as flavonoid compound. NaCl stress can be used as one of abiotic elicitation that induced non-enzymatic defense in a plant, thus increases secondary metabolites which enhance the antioxidant capacity. However, its effects on cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) germination need to be more studied. In this study, we germinated cowpea under increasing salinity (0, 50, 100, 150mM NaCl) to investigate its effect on the total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity (radical scavenging activity and reducing power). Total flavonoid content and radical scavenging activity of cowpea sprouts increase along with increasing NaCl concentration. Meanwhile, only 150mM NaCl showed significantly higher reducing power among other concentrations. Total flavonoid content have a high correlation with radical scavenging activity (r=0, 962; p<0, 01) but not correlated with reducing power (r=0, 137; p>0, 05). This research results proved that elicitation using 150mM NaCl could be used as one of the strategies to enhance bioactive compound and antioxidant activity in legumes, thus increasing its potential to be developed as an antioxidant-based functional food.
Chemical characteristics of composite flour based on white corn and okara
Authors: Ishartani D , Sagita R , Praseptiangga D
Published: October 2019

Composite flour is a flour based from two or more types of flours. In this research white corn and okara were used as composite flour raw materials. This study aimed to determine the ratio of white corn and okara flour effect on chemical characteristics of the composite flour. The research design used in this study was Completely Randomized Design with 1 factor which was the difference ratio of white corn flour and okara flour (100%:0%, 95%:5%, 90%:10%, 85%:15% and 80%:20%). The data obtained was analysed statistically using one-way ANOVA and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at a significance level of α = 0, 05. The results showed the ratio of white corn and okara flour significantly affect the chemical characteristics of the composite flour except moisture content. Higher ratio of okara flour could increase ash, lipid, protein, resistant starch, total dietary fiber, insoluble dietary fiber and soluble dietary fiber content of the composite flour, but decrease carbohydrates, starch, amylose and amylopectin content of the flour.Moisture content of the composite flour were 9.53-9.68%, ash 0.31-0.76%, lipid 1.03-2.62%, protein 7.19-8.73%, carbohydrates 87.89-91.48%, starch 51.00-61.95%, amylose 12.69-13.84%, amylopectin 36.76-48.15%, resistant starch 0.76-1.41%, dietary fiber 10.40-20.15%, insoluble dietary fiber 8.98-17.72%, and soluble dietary fiber 0.83-1.37%.
Chemical and sensory characteristics of white sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.), rice (Oryza sativa L.), and tapioca (Manihot esculenta) flours - based seasoning composite flour
Authors: Alfani N N A , Ishartani D , Anam C , Praseptiangga D , Manuhara G J
Published: October 2019

Seasoning flour was a food commodity that has a good market trend but currently the raw materials were still dominated by wheat flour that has been known as the triggering agent of some allergic disease. So in order to reduce the domination of wheat flour as raw material of the seasoning flour, an innovation of seasoning composite flour made from non-wheat flour that have suitable characteristics is needed. The objective of this study were to determine the chemical characteristics of seasoning composite flour that made from white sweet potato, rice and tapioca flours, and to determine and characterize the sensory profile of the best seasoning composite flour which was chosen using weighting test. The seasoning composite flour made using 9 formulas contain 13.261 - 14.089% water; 4.467 – 5.729% ash; 1.238 – 2.018% fat; 4.324 – 5.838% protein; 74.371 – 74.863% carbohydrate; 72, 781 – 75.613% starch; 21.904 – 25.760% amylose and 0.086 – 0.499% crude fiber. The best formula of seasoning composite flour has 30% tapioca flour, 30% rice flour and 40% white sweet potato flour ratio. The best one contains 13.261% water; 5.728% ash; 1.194% fat; 4.646% protein; 74.427% carbohydrate; 72.781%starch; 21.904% amylose and 0.499% crude fiber. Its sensory characteristic is significantly different from the commercial seasoning flour and overall get hedonic score 3.76 which means neutral.
Textural and sensory properties of little tuna fish balls (Euthynnus affinis) arrowroot flour substitutions (Maranta arundinacea Linn.) added with sodium tripolyphosphate
Authors: Kurniasari R Y , Affandi D R , Yudhistira B , Sanjaya A P
Published: October 2019

Physical properties (water holding capacity, cohesiveness, chewiness, springiness) and sensory characteristics (cohesiveness, chewiness, springiness and overall) of little tuna fish balls that substituted with arrowroot flour and added with sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) were investigated. Substituted little tuna fish ball was added with 0%; 0.1%; 0.2%; 0.3% of sodium tripolyphosphate. Results of this study showed that the addition of sodium tripolyphosphate increased water holding capacity, cohesiveness, chewiness, and springiness parameters with respect to better textural properties of substituted little tuna fish balls (p<0.05). Sensory evaluation test showed that overall, substituted little tuna fish balls with 0.1% addition of STPP were the most favored by panelists. Water holding capacity, cohesiveness, chewiness, and springiness parameters of substituted little tuna fish balls added with 0.1% of STPP were increase up to 4.7%, 9.1%, 8.6%, and 2.0%, respectively. The multiple comparison tests showed that color, odor, flavor parameter of substituted little tuna fish balls added with sodium tripolyphosphate were relatively the same level.
Chemical, textural, and sensory properties of eastern little tuna fish ball (Euthynnus affinis) with rice bran flour (Oryza sativa) substitution
Authors: Affandi D R , Purnama E , Yudhistira B , Sanjaya A P
Published: October 2019

The aim of this study was to investigated the characteristic of chemical, physical, functional, and sensory properties of the fish balls with substitution rice bran flour. Substitution of rice bran flour and tapioca as fish ball fillers used in this research were 25:75, 40:60, 55:45, and 100:0 as a control. The result showed that the substitution of rice bran affected the chemical, functional, physical and sensory characteristics of eastern little tuna fish balls. The substitution of tapioca flour with rice bran flour as fillers in eastern little tuna fish ball could increase moisture, ash, fat, and protein content. In this study, antioxidant activity, vitamin E, and WHC of eastern little tuna fishballs were also increased. Texture properties (cohesiveness, chewiness, springiness) of eastern little tuna fish ball affected by the substitution of rice bran flour. Substitution of 25% rice bran and 75% tapioca flour as fillers in eastern little tuna fish ball was more acceptable than another formula. The moisture, ash, fat, protein, and total starch content of the eastern little tuna fish ball substituted 25% rice bran and 75% tapioca flour were 68, 07%; 6, 53%; 1, 47%; 38, 12%; and 41, 51%, respectively. Sensory analysis of the eastern little tuna fish ball substituted 25% rice bran and 75% tapioca flour formula showed that it had a brownish color, not-strong-fishy aroma, a slightly weaker fishy flavor, a rather strong rice bran flavor, and slightly weak texture.
Piezopotential in a composite cantilever of piezoelectric dielectrics and nonpiezoelectric semiconductors produced by shear force through e
15
Authors: Fang Kai , Qian Zhenghua , Yang Jiashi
Published: October 2019

We propose a specific composition of a beam of a piezoelectric dielectric layer sandwiched between two nonpiezoelectric semiconductor layers. A one-dimensional theoretical model is established for the bending of the beam with shear deformation. A theoretical analysis of a cantilever of such a beam under an end shear force is performed. Results show that an axial electric field develops in the beam because of the shear deformation accompanying bending via the piezoelectric constant e
15. The axial electric field drives the charge carriers to the two ends of the beam. Thus the proposed composite beam can be used as a new and basic structure with potential applications in piezotronics when the shear force is present or dominant, differing from the homogeneous beam and the composite beam using e
33 in the literature which are more suitable when bending moment is dominant.
A combined deep inelastic neutron scattering and ab initio lattice dynamics study of the hydride anion dynamics and bonding in La2LiHO3 oxyhydride
Authors: Fjellvåg Øystein S , Krzystyniak Matthew , Vajeeston Ponniah , Sjåstad Anja O , Armstrong Jeff
Published: October 2019

Kobayashi et al (6279) (Science 2016, 351) reported recently the existence of pure H- conductivity in the oxyhydride La2−x−y
Sr
x+y
LiH1−x+y
O3−y
, while demonstrating its functionality through a prototype solid-state Ti/La2LiHO3/TiH2 battery. In this study, we probe the atomistic motion of La2LiHO3 obtained by the promising halide salt flux method, via a combination of deep inelastic neutron scattering (DINS) and ab initio lattice dynamics (LD) calculations verified by vibrational inelastic neutron spectroscopy (INS). We successfully describe the measured momentum distributions from DINS via our LD calculations, without observing any diffusion activation over the temperature range reported by Kobayashi et al. This observation is corroborated by model predictions from our LD study, which reveals that the hydride anions remain bound within a 3D-harmonic potential. We conclude that with the current synthesis parameters, the method produces a vacancy free lattice, and that a necessary ingredient for diffusive motion of H- is the presence of a large population of vacancies. Based on the harmonic prediction for the hydrogen kinetic energy, we derive a picture of the evolution of the effective bonding potential for the hydride anions, and link this to the dynamics associated with decomposition of the oxyhydride.
Chemical and structural stability of superconducting In5Bi3 driven by spin–orbit coupling
Authors: Chen Siyu , Maezono Ryo , Chen Jiasheng , Grosche F Malte , Pickard Chris J , Monserrat Bartomeu
Published: October 2019

Relativistic effects play a prominent role in many electronic material properties such as the Rashba and Dresselhaus spin splitting in inversion asymmetric crystals, or the bulk band gap in topological insulators. By contrast, macroscopic material properties are typically not connected to relativistic phenomena. As an exception to this rule, we show that the macroscopic chemical and structural properties of superconducting In5Bi3 are driven by relativistic physics. In the non-relativistic limit In5Bi3 decomposes into elemental indium and bismuth, but the inclusion of relativistic spin–orbit coupling chemically stabilizes the In5Bi3 stoichiometry. Similarly, the structural stability of tetragonal In5Bi3 is driven by the spin–orbit interaction, which eliminates a phonon instability present in the non-relativistic limit. Low-temperature resistivity and heat capacity measurements show that In5Bi3 is a strong coupling superconductor, with a superconducting critical temperature of 4.2 K and a superconducting critical field of 0.3 T. The unconventional interplay between relativity with chemistry and structure, together with the presence of superconductivity, make In5Bi3 a versatile material that provides, for example, a simple model for the study of strong coupling superconductivity in quasiperiodic crystals.
Fatal Prescription
Authors: Stear Nils-Hennes
Published: October 2019

Ethicism is the most comprehensively defended answer to the question regarding whether ethical properties determine aesthetic properties in artworks. According to ethicism, aesthetically relevant ethical flaws in artworks count as aesthetic flaws and aesthetically relevant ethical merits count as aesthetic merits. In this paper, I argue that ethicism’s most significant argument, the Merited Response Argument (MRA) (and other moralist arguments like it) suffers from an ambiguity that makes it either unsound or uninteresting. Specifically, the notion of an artwork’s ‘prescribing’ a response, central to MRA, is ambiguous between merely attempting to elicit a response from appreciators as appropriate to a work, and endorsing a response as appropriate to relevant parts of the actual world. While the first sense of ‘prescribe’ does the aesthetic work, the second does the ethical.
Utility of Brief Psychological Measures for Prediction of Prolonged Symptom Clearance in Concussed Student Athletes
Authors: Wilmoth Kristin , Curcio Nicholas , Tarkenton Tahnae , Meredith-Duliba Tawny , Tan Alexander , Didehbani Nyaz , Hynan Linda S , Miller Shane M , Bell Kathleen R , Cullum C Munro
Published: October 2019

Objective

Variability in recovery time following sport-related concussion (SRC) is poorly understood. We explored the utility of brief mood, anxiety, and sleep questionnaires as postinjury predictors of SRC symptom clearance in adolescents.

Method

At initial visit 0–2 weeks postinjury, concussed athletes aged 12–18 years self-reported injury/medical factors (prior concussion, loss of consciousness, amnesia, and concussion symptom severity) and were administered psychological symptom measures. At 3 months, medical record review determined return-to-play (RTP) date. Subjects were divided into two datasets, with the first utilized for developing cutoff scores and then validated with the second dataset.

Results

A total of 64% of the 141 participants had early RTP (within 21 days postinjury), and 23% had late RTP (postinjury day 30 or later). The Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener (GAD-7, M = 2.1, SD = 3.1) was the only significant predictor (p = .001), with a 1.4-fold [95% CI 1.2–1.8] increased risk for every point. No other factors in the full model discriminated recovery groups (ps > .05). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis derived a GAD-7 cut score ≥3 (sensitivity= 56.7%, specificity = 74.2%, AUCs = 0.63–0.79, ps < .001).

Conclusions

Postconcussion anxiety symptoms may help identify individuals at increased risk for prolonged recovery.
Landscape of cancer diagnostic biomarkers from specifically expressed genes
Authors: Lv Yao , Lin Sheng-Yan , Hu Fei-Fei , Ye Zheng , Zhang Qiong , Wang Yan , Guo An-Yuan
Published: October 2019

Although there has been great progress in cancer treatment, cancer remains a serious health threat to humans because of the lack of biomarkers for diagnosis, especially for early-stage diagnosis. In this study, we comprehensively surveyed the specifically expressed genes (SEGs) using the SEGtool based on the big data of gene expression from the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Genotype–Tissue Expression (GTEx) projects. In 15 solid tumors, we identified 233 cancer-specific SEGs (cSEGs), which were specifically expressed in only one cancer and showed great potential to be diagnostic biomarkers. Among them, three cSEGs (OGDH, MUDENG and ACO2) had a sample frequency >80% in kidney cancer, suggesting their high sensitivity. Furthermore, we identified 254 cSEGs as early-stage diagnostic biomarkers across 17 cancers. A two-gene combination strategy was applied to improve the sensitivity of diagnostic biomarkers, and hundreds of two-gene combinations were identified with high frequency. We also observed that 13 SEGs were targets of various drugs and nearly half of these drugs may be repurposed to treat cancers with SEGs as their targets. Several SEGs were regulated by specific transcription factors in the corresponding cancer, and 39 cSEGs were prognosis-related genes in 7 cancers. This work provides a survey of cancer biomarkers for diagnosis and early diagnosis and new insights to drug repurposing. These biomarkers may have great potential in cancer research and application.
Bioinformatics-assisted, integrated omics studies on medicinal plants
Authors: Ma Xiaoxia , Meng Yijun , Wang Pu , Tang Zhonghai , Wang Huizhong , Xie Tian
Published: October 2019

The immense therapeutic and economic values of medicinal plants have attracted increasing attention from the worldwide researchers. It has been recognized that production of the authentic and high-quality herbal drugs became the prerequisite for maintaining the healthy development of the traditional medicine industry. To this end, intensive research efforts have been devoted to the basic studies, in order to pave a way for standardized authentication of the plant materials, and bioengineering of the metabolic pathways in the medicinal plants. In this paper, the recent advances of omics studies on the medicinal plants were summarized from several aspects, including phenomics and taxonomics, genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics. We proposed a multi-omics data-based workflow for medicinal plant research. It was emphasized that integration of the omics data was important for plant authentication and mechanistic studies on plant metabolism. Additionally, the computational tools for proper storage, efficient processing and high-throughput analyses of the omics data have been introduced into the workflow. According to the workflow, authentication of the medicinal plant materials should not only be performed at the phenomics level but also be implemented by genomic and metabolomic marker-based examination. On the other hand, functional genomics studies, transcriptional regulatory networks and protein–protein interactions will contribute greatly for deciphering the secondary metabolic pathways. Finally, we hope that our work could inspire further efforts on the bioinformatics-assisted, integrated omics studies on the medicinal plants.
CpG-island-based annotation and analysis of human housekeeping genes
Authors: Zhang Le , Dai Zichun , Yu Jun , Xiao Ming
Published: October 2019

By reviewing previous CpG-related studies, we consider that the transcription regulation of about half of the human genes, mostly housekeeping (HK) genes, involves CpG islands (CGIs), their methylation states, CpG spacing and other chromosomal parameters. However, the precise CGI definition and positioning of CGIs within gene structures, as well as specific CGI-associated regulatory mechanisms, all remain to be explained at individual gene and gene-family levels, together with consideration of species and lineage specificity. Although previous studies have already classified CGIs into high-CpG (HCGI), intermediate-CpG (ICGI) and low-CpG (LCGI) densities based on CpG density variation, the correlation between CGI density and gene expression regulation, such as co-regulation of CGIs and TATA box on HK genes, remains to be elucidated. First, this study introduces such a problem-solving protocol for human-genome annotation, which is based on a combination of GTEx, JBLA and Gene Ontology (GO) analysis. Next, we discuss why CGI-associated genes are most likely regulated by HCGI and tend to be HK genes; the HCGI/TATA± and LCGI/TATA± combinations show different GO enrichment, whereas the ICGI/TATA± combination is less characteristic based on GO enrichment analysis. Finally, we demonstrate that Hadoop MapReduce-based MR-JBLA algorithm is more efficient than the original JBLA in k-mer counting and CGI-associated gene analysis.
Computationally predicted gene regulatory networks in molluscan biomineralization identify extracellular matrix production and ion transportation pathways
Authors: Sleight Victoria A , Antczak Philipp , Falciani Francesco , Clark Melody S
Published: October 2019

Motivation

The molecular processes regulating molluscan shell production remain relatively uncharacterized, despite the clear evolutionary and societal importance of biomineralization.

Results

Here we built the first computationally predicted gene regulatory network (GRN) for molluscan biomineralization using Antarctic clam (Laternula elliptica) mantle gene expression data produced over an age-categorized shell damage-repair time-course. We used previously published in vivo in situ hybridization expression data to ground truth gene interactions predicted by the GRN and show that candidate biomineralization genes from different shell layers, and hence microstructures, were connected in unique modules. We characterized two biomineralization modules of the GRN and hypothesize that one module is responsible for translating the extracellular proteins required for growing, repairing or remodelling the nacreous shell layer, whereas the second module orchestrates the transport of both ions and proteins to the shell secretion site, which are required during normal shell growth, and repair. Our findings demonstrate that unbiased computational methods are particularly valuable for studying fundamental biological processes and gene interactions in non-model species where rich sources of gene expression data exist, but annotation rates are poor and the ability to carry out true functional tests are still lacking.

Availability and implementation

The raw RNA-Seq data is freely available for download from NCBI SRA (Accession: PRJNA398984), the assembled and annotated transcriptome can be viewed and downloaded from molluscDB (ensembl.molluscdb.org) and in addition, the assembled transcripts, reconstructed GRN, modules and detailed annotations are all available as Supplementary Files.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.