bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
National Documents Analysis of Risk Communication in Iran: Based on Disaster Risk Management Cycle
Authors: Dehghani Arezoo , Ghomian Zohreh , Rakhshanderou Sakineh , Khankeh Hamidreza , Kavousi Amir
Published: November 2022

Background: Risk communication is a complex, multifaceted process that plays a significant role in disaster management. One of the criticisms of Iran's health system risk communication is the existence of legal gaps and deficiencies in upstream documents. Objectives: This research evaluated national documents to identify and assess the legislative gap in health system risk communication. Methods: This research is a gap analysis study using the qualitative content analysis method. National documents from 2002 to 2022 related to disaster management were collected. Documents were entered into the blueprint designed by the researcher and analyzed. Results: In the present study, 58 documents due to disaster management were extracted. After the initial review, 36 documents involving 266 items concentrating on risk communication were included in the research. In initial thematic analysis, 47 approvals due to the mitigation phase (five subcategories of information, education and public awareness, infrastructure development, community engagement, and preparation and maintenance of information systems), 61 approvals due to the preparedness phase (nine subcategories of monitoring, information and maintenance of database, creation and maintenance of network and communication infrastructure, coordination, organizational training, planning, determining level of access to information, communication, monitoring and evaluation), 133 approvals due to the response phase (11 subcategories of information management, informing, communication management, media management, trust building, organization and coordination, appointing a spokesperson, monitoring and control, use and management of social media, content production, and supply and maintenance of equipment and infrastructure), 25 approvals due to the phase of rehabilitation and reconstruction (four subcategories of documentation, information, training, and community engagement). Conclusions: The field of risk communication has been mentioned according to the revision and updating of documents in recent years, but in these documents, many aspects of risk communication were dim; therefore, experts in the field of disaster management should pay more attention to a review of these papers and the creation of a special document on risk communication.
Double blue ticks: Reframing ghosting as ostracism through an abductive study on affordances
Authors: Campaioli Giulia , Testoni Ines , Zamperini Adriano
Published: November 2022

Ghosting is a slang term associated with ceasing mediated communication to dissolve a romantic relationship. The phenomenon is discussed in popular culture and scientific inquiry in relation to digital communication technologies and mobile dating, but little is known about ghosting in other relationship types and the role of specific affordances. This study investigated personal experiences of ghosting with an abductive approach to consider alternative frameworks which may enhance our understanding of ghosting. We collected 23 episodic interviews with Italians aged 21 to 34 and analyzed data with a qualitative abductive approach. Findings suggest that ghosting takes place in different relationship types, though its detection and effects may differ, and that digital affordances of visibility like awareness cues, informing about others’ availability, play a central role in detection of ghosting. We propose that theories of ostracism provide a useful framework to understand the dynamic of ghosting across relational contexts, complementing existing literature.
Family communication patterns and internet addiction among Iranian female high school students: The mediating role of psychological needs satisfaction
Authors: Nikdel Fariborz , Parvinian Nasab Mohammad
Published: November 2022

The prevalence of internet addiction in Iranian adolescents has been an increasing matter with a rising trend mostly in females. The present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of satisfying basic psychological needs in the relationship between family communication patterns and internet addiction among female high school students in Iran. For this purpose, 250 second-grade female students of Yasouj high schools were selected with a multi-stage cluster random sampling method and asked to answer Revised Family Communication Patterns, Psychological Basic Needs Satisfaction, and Internet Addiction questionnaires. The results showed that family communication patterns were related to basic psychological needs. In addition, greater psychological needs satisfaction was connected with low levels of internet addiction. The direct effect of family communication patterns on internet addiction was not significant. The indirect influence of family communication patterns on internet addiction through basic psychological needs was of significance. Thus, basic psychological needs mediated the relationship between family communication patterns and internet addiction.
DESTRUCTION, RECONSTRUCTION, RESTORATION FROM THE PROJECT OF KNOWLEDGE” TO MONUMENTS CULTURALAND MATERIAL RETURN TO COMMUNITIES STUDY CASES
Authors:   ICOMOS Italy Member, Maurizio De Vita
Published: November 2022

The restoration and the care of monuments damaged by people and time are based on a cultural path rooted in the principles of conservation and on advanced technical knowledge that includes constantly evolving applications. No restoration project can begin and make sense without careful historical research, without direct verification of archive documents, without the ability to read the so-called "direct documents". A case study is the restoration of the Fortress of Arezzo, Italy, a XVth century fortification. A second case is that of an analysis and restoration process of a long stretch ofancient walls in the historic city of Suzhou in China.
ETHERMAL ENERGY PRODUCTION OF SOLAR PANELS FOR KARABAKH "GREEN" ENERGY ZONE
Authors:   Azerbaijan University of Architecture and Construction, Akbarova Samira , Mammadov Nurmammad
Published: November 2022

The analysis of the prospects for the efficient use of renewable energy sources is relevant from the point of view of the implementation of the order on the transformation of the Karabakh region of Azerbaijan into a "green" energy zone. The article is devoted to the application of solar panels for climatic parameters of the Gubadli region of Karabakh and the assessment of thermal energy production capacity through a calculation program. The number of Hevelius SCM-12-180-58 (made in Poland) tubular panels located in an area of 50 m2 in the Gubadli region is 12, performance coefficient is 70%, the heat loss coefficient of vacuum pipes is 0.5 W/m2 , the average amount of thermal energy obtained by solar radiation is 1625 kW/m2 and the total heat production is 14837 kW/h per year. The methodology can be applied to any region.
TRAFFIC PROBLEMS IN THE FIELD OF PROTECTION OF HISTORICAL MONUMENTS
Authors: Chobanzade Ismayil
Published: November 2022

Bildiyimiz kimi XX-ci əsri tam əminliklə avtomobilləşmə əsri adlandırmaq olar. Statistik məlumatlara əsasən bu gün dünyada avtomobillərin ümumi sayı artıq 2 mlrd. çatmaq üzrədir. Bunun səbəbi nəqliyyat vasitələrinin insanların şəxsi həyatında və iqtisadiyyatın inkişafinda olduğu mühüm roldan irəli gəlir. Onların içində xüsusi yeri avtomobi nəqliyyatı tutur, çünki onun payına sərnişin daşımalarının təxminən 85-87 faiz, yük daşımalarının isə 45-50%-i düşür. Lakin avtomobil nəqliyyatı, bilidiyimiz kimi, müsbət tərəfləri ilə bərabər bir sıra mənfi xüsusiyyətlərə də malikdir. Bunların işində birinci yerdə onların yaratdığı yol-nəqliyyat hadisələri durur. Ümumidünya Səhiyyə Təşkilatının məlumatına əsasən hər il dünyada yol-nəqliyyat hadisələri nəticəsində təqribə 40-50 mln. insan xəsarət alır, 1-1,5 mln. isə həlak olur. Bununla bərabər avtomobil nəqliyyatının istismarı nəticəsində ətraf mühitə də çox böyük ziyan vurulur (hava hövzəsinin ixrac qazları ilə, torpağın və yeraltı suların zərərli maddələrlə çirklənməsi, torpaqların zəbt edilməsi, səs səviyyəsinin artması və s.).
KARABAKH-LAND OF ANCIENT UNIQUE ARCHAEOLOGICAL CULTURES OF THE CAUCASUS
Authors:   Head of Albanian Scientific Center Institute of Archaeology, Ethnography, and Anthropology of ANAS,, Jabiyev Gafar
Published: November 2022

The ancient land of Azerbaijan, Karabakh, has gone through different stages from ancient times to modern times. Karabakh has a rich history, where the stages of primitive society, and the archaeological cultures of the Stone, Bronze, and Iron Ages have been consistently represented since the creation of prehistoric man. Karabakh archaeology, one of the urgent issues of Azerbaijani archaeology, is very important in this regard. Karabakh, the land of unique archaeological cultures such as Guruchay, Leylatapa, Kur- Araz, Goycha- Uzerlik, and Khojaly- Gadabay, is distinguished by the richness of archaeological monuments. Azykh and Taghlar caves, Bronze Age mounds, Uzerliktepe, Yedditepe, Goytapa, grave monuments of Khojaly-Gadabay culture, Albanian period settlements, grave monuments, Albanian temples, Islamic period monuments replace each other chronologically. The study of historical, archaeological, and architectural monuments in the land of ancient archaeological cultures - Karabakh, is always relevant as a priority of science.
The method to rationalize for safety operation of fishing vessels with consideration of sea state
Authors:   The Korean Association of Maritime Transportation Studies, Park Seong-Yong
Published: November 2022

Sea fishing has established itself as a popular means of marine leisure activity for the whole nation, with people’s increasing earnings, achievement of marine leisure culture and increasing interests in the ocean. The number of fishing vessels users reached about 4.8 million in 2019, and constantly increasing. However rise in marine accident of fishing vessels has caused escalating anxiety about fishing vessels and distrust of safety policies. Collision and stranding were the highest in the number of occurrences and casualties among marine accidents of fishing vessels. when analyzing the sea state in the accident of fishing vessels collision and stranding, weather factors such as regional occurring fog are the acting as the cause. The sea fog’s occurring areas and routes are various depending on the elements such as the sea area and season. When the sea fog occurs, marine accidents of fishing vessels can be possible to prevent by alerting ever-changing fog information to captain of fishing vessels, which is quickly and accurately collected and analyzed.
Safe fishing, considering sea state, will be able to carried out by establishing “Control Regulation for Satety Fishing” for fishing vessels based on maritime weather information.
Artificial Intelligence–Assisted Classification of Gliomas Using Whole Slide Images
Authors: Jose Laya , Liu Sidong , Russo Carlo , Cong Cong , Song Yang , Rodriguez Michael , Di Ieva Antonio
Published: November 2022

Context.—

Glioma is the most common primary brain tumor in adults. The diagnosis and grading of different pathological subtypes of glioma is essential in treatment planning and prognosis.

Objective.—

To propose a deep learning–based approach for the automated classification of glioma histopathology images. Two classification methods, the ensemble method based on 2 binary classifiers and the multiclass method using a single multiclass classifier, were implemented to classify glioma images into astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, and glioblastoma, according to the 5th edition of the World Health Organization classification of central nervous system tumors, published in 2021.

Design.—

We tested 2 different deep neural network architectures (VGG19 and ResNet50) and extensively validated the proposed approach based on The Cancer Genome Atlas data set (n = 700). We also studied the effects of stain normalization and data augmentation on the glioma classification task.

Results.—

With the binary classifiers, our model could distinguish astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma (combined) from glioblastoma with an accuracy of 0.917 (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.976) and astrocytoma from oligodendroglioma (accuracy = 0.821, AUC = 0.865). The multiclass method (accuracy = 0.861, AUC = 0.961) outperformed the ensemble method (accuracy = 0.847, AUC = 0.933) with the best performance displayed by the ResNet50 architecture.

Conclusions.—

With the high performance of our model (>80%), the proposed method can assist pathologists and physicians to support examination and differential diagnosis of glioma histopathology images, with the aim to expedite personalized medical care.
Acute and Chronic Alcoholic Pancreatitis, Including Paraduodenal Pancreatitis
Authors: Klöppel Günter , Zamboni Giuseppe
Published: November 2022

Context.—

In the last 2 decades there has been significant progress in typing and recognition of pancreatitis, a necroinflammatory and fibroinflammatory process of multifactorial origin.

Objective.—

To present the current state of pathology and pathogenesis of alcohol-associated pancreatitis, including paraduodenal pancreatitis. In the context of the most important epidemiologic, clinical, and radiologic features, the related macroscopic changes and histopathologic characteristics are addressed.

Data Sources.—

In acute pancreatitis we discuss the pathologic findings that distinguish mild from severe pancreatitis and highlight autodigestive fat necrosis as the initial morphologic damage. In chronic pancreatitis we present a histologic staging system that describes the damage patterns as a necrosis-fibrosis sequence that takes place during the development of early to advanced and end-stage chronic pancreatitis. In paraduodenal pancreatitis the anatomic peculiarities are related to the sequence of morphologic changes that are correlated to the most important imaging findings. Pathogenetically, we discuss the role of alcohol overconsumption in triggering autodigestive fat necrosis in the pancreas, the repair of which results in a pancreas-transforming fibroinflammatory process.

Conclusions—

Whereas in acute pancreatitis there are no lesions that are diagnostic for alcohol overconsumption and that exclude other etiologies such as gallstone disease or drugs, the sequence of damage patterns in chronic pancreatitis are strongly related to the effect of alcohol overconsumption and allow in many cases the distinction from hereditary, autoimmune, or obstructive pancreatitis. Paraduodenal pancreatitis can be considered a special manifestation of alcoholic pancreatitis.
Overview and Considerations of Access Control Based on Attribute Encryption
Authors: Hu Vincent C
Published: November 2022

Encryption technology can be incorporated into access control mechanisms based on user identities, user attributes, or resource attributes. Traditional public-key encryption requires different data to have different keys that can be distributed to users who satisfy perspective access control policies along with the encrypted version of the data. However, some distributed or pervasive system environments wish to avoid the public-key encryption’s all-or-nothing data access limitation when considering their performance requirements. Attribute-based encryption incorporates access control policies and attributes with encryption and decryption functions and a one-to-many authorization scheme that requires fewer keys than public-key encryption. It also utilizes collusion-resistance, which provides a more efficient and flexible attribute-based access control mechanism that supports high-performance systems (e.g., cloud, IoT, disrupt-tolerant networks, wireless sensor networks, mobile ad-hoc networks, and public search service systems).
Traditional Cattle Breeding Economy of the Kolyma Region of Yakutia in the Conditions of Socio-economic Transformations in the First Third of the Twentieth Century.
Authors: Grigorev Stepan Alekseevich
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study is to characterize the development of traditional forms of Yakut farming – cattle breeding and horse breeding in the Kolyma region of Yakutia against the background of socio-political transformations in the first third of the twentieth century. It is noted that the geographical isolation of the region from the rest of Yakutia has led to its autonomous development and conservation of the local economic model of life activity focused primarily on transport animal husbandry, including horse breeding. It is revealed that in the twentieth century, priorities began to shift towards the development of cattle breeding and the transition from horse breeding as the main type of economic activity. The use of historical-comparative, historical-system and statistical methods became the methodological basis of the publication, which allowed analyzing socio-economic processes in the north-east of Yakutia. An important result of the study was the assumption that it was the movement of the rural population fleeing from the war from the central regions of Yakutia, where cattle breeding had long prevailed over horse breeding, to the quieter and previously inhabited north-eastern regions, that became the main reason for changes in the economic structure of the Kolyma district in the 1920s. As a result, the number of farms and the number of cattle has increased significantly, affecting the way of life and the structure of the local economy by expanding the area of northern cattle breeding in the Arctic region. Thus, the first third of the twentieth century in the Kolyma district became a time of impulsive transformations of the traditional way of life of the local population caused by the political and socio-economic crisis that followed the 1917 revolution.
Transformation of Political Ideas in Modern Europe: An Analysis of Party Programs in the Context of National Identity
Authors: Buchnev Evgeny Vladimirovich , Melnikova Nadezhda Anatolievna
Published: November 2022

The subject of this paper is the programs of political parties in Western Europe. The object of the study is nationalist ideas and their extreme and radical manifestations within European politics. The authors note the interest of the European political elite in nationalist ideas. This process is related to the possibility of using these ideas to solve acute socio-political conflicts within countries. Economic instability, migration crises, and acute political turbulence impose significant restrictions on the activities of political elites in developed countries. Historical unresolved problems of national identity on the one hand, and the desire to form a true multipolar world on the other, form a different attitude towards the ideas of nation and nationalism. This is reflected in a number of political and open military conflicts in the large space of cultural and socio-political contact between Europe and Russia. The authors draw attention to the fact that nationalist ideas are in some cases addressed by politicians in both Europe and Russia. The danger of the contemporary reevaluation of the ideas of nationalism is that it encourages atypical thinking, while belief in authority ceases to play a cognitive and functional role. The authors offer not only an analysis of the programs of political parties in many European countries, but also calculate their specific weight in the context of national parliaments. This makes it possible to determine the conditional acceptance of these ideas as a basis for the political course of the state.
Marxism-Leninism and Christianity: Classes and Class Struggle
Authors: Barinov Nikolai Nikolaevich
Published: November 2022

This article analyzes the compatibility of the theory and practice of Marxism-Leninism and Orthodox Christianity in relation to the class division of society and class struggle. The significance of the study is due to the controversy (often acute) on this issue, which is directly related to the social structure. The article provides a historical and theological analysis of the topic under study on the basis of a critical study of the works of the founders of Marxism-Leninism, their closest associates, historical documents on this issue, as well as historical and theological works. This article attempts to present a systematic analysis of the subject under study. It examines the relationship between the teachings of Orthodox Christianity and Marxism-Leninism about classes and class struggle, as well as their application in practice, and appeals to opponents. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that some documents are analyzed for the first time in connection with the issue under study. Also, in more detail and systematically, in relation to the available works, the analysis of the relationship between the teachings of Orthodox Christianity and Marxism-Leninism is carried out. The purpose of the work is to study historical documents, as well as historical and philosophical works on this topic. The article concludes that Marxism-Leninism is directly opposed to Christianity in the issue of attitude to the classes of society and the class struggle. In the course of historical development, the intensity of the class struggle changed, but not according to Marxism-Leninism, but depended on the state of morality, religiosity, the development of new trends in the social, scientific and technological development of mankind. A Christian understanding of the essence of the state can provide the basis for the national idea of Russia.
Coordinated multiplexing of information about separate objects in visual cortex
Authors: Jun Na Young , Ruff Douglas A , Kramer Lily E , Bowes Brittany , Tokdar Surya T , Cohen Marlene R , Groh Jennifer M
Published: November 2022

Sensory receptive fields are large enough that they can contain more than one perceptible stimulus. How, then, can the brain encode information about each of the stimuli that may be present at a given moment? We recently showed that when more than one stimulus is present, single neurons can fluctuate between coding one vs. the other(s) across some time period, suggesting a form of neural multiplexing of different stimuli (Caruso et al., 2018). Here, we investigate (a) whether such coding fluctuations occur in early visual cortical areas; (b) how coding fluctuations are coordinated across the neural population; and (c) how coordinated coding fluctuations depend on the parsing of stimuli into separate vs. fused objects. We found coding fluctuations do occur in macaque V1 but only when the two stimuli form separate objects. Such separate objects evoked a novel pattern of V1 spike count (‘noise’) correlations involving distinct distributions of positive and negative values. This bimodal correlation pattern was most pronounced among pairs of neurons showing the strongest evidence for coding fluctuations or multiplexing. Whether a given pair of neurons exhibited positive or negative correlations depended on whether the two neurons both responded better to the same object or had different object preferences. Distinct distributions of spike count correlations based on stimulus preferences were also seen in V4 for separate objects but not when two stimuli fused to form one object. These findings suggest multiple objects evoke different response dynamics than those evoked by single stimuli, lending support to the multiplexing hypothesis and suggesting a means by which information about multiple objects can be preserved despite the apparent coarseness of sensory coding.
Fixation can change the appearance of phase separation in living cells
Authors: Irgen-Gioro Shawn , Yoshida Shawn , Walling Victoria , Chong Shasha
Published: November 2022

Fixing cells with paraformaldehyde (PFA) is an essential step in numerous biological techniques as it is thought to preserve a snapshot of biomolecular transactions in living cells. Fixed-cell imaging techniques such as immunofluorescence have been widely used to detect liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) in vivo. Here, we compared images, before and after fixation, of cells expressing intrinsically disordered proteins that are able to undergo LLPS. Surprisingly, we found that PFA fixation can both enhance and diminish putative LLPS behaviors. For specific proteins, fixation can even cause their droplet-like puncta to artificially appear in cells that do not have any detectable puncta in the live condition. Fixing cells in the presence of glycine, a molecule that modulates fixation rates, can reverse the fixation effect from enhancing to diminishing LLPS appearance. We further established a kinetic model of fixation in the context of dynamic protein–protein interactions. Simulations based on the model suggest that protein localization in fixed cells depends on an intricate balance of protein–protein interaction dynamics, the overall rate of fixation, and notably, the difference between fixation rates of different proteins. Consistent with simulations, live-cell single-molecule imaging experiments showed that a fast overall rate of fixation relative to protein–protein interaction dynamics can minimize fixation artifacts. Our work reveals that PFA fixation changes the appearance of LLPS from living cells, presents a caveat in studying LLPS using fixation-based methods, and suggests a mechanism underlying the fixation artifact.
CAGE20-2 Cruise Report: Hunting flares in Hopendjupet and glacigenic sediments in Sentralbankrenna
Authors: Patton Henry , Mattingsdal Rune , Pavel Serov , Cooke Frances Ann , Alexandropoulou Nikolitsa
Published: November 2022

The research cruise was part of the Centre of Excellence (SFF) Centre for Arctic Gas Hydrate Environment and Climate (CAGE) at UiT – The Arctic University of Norway. It was partly supported by The Norwegian Petroleum Directorate. From Tromsø, we visited Sentralbankrenna and Hopendjupet in the central Barents Sea in order to pursue the following scientific objectives:
– Identify gas seepage associated with known and assumed sandstone reservoirs sub-cropping at the sea floor.
– Identify gas seepage related to leakage along faults and geological structures breaching the seafloor.
– Collect gravity cores, multibeam and sub-bottom data to establish how grounding zone processes impact marine-based ice sheet behaviour and trigger ice-stream retreat during deglaciation.
The cruise may be known as: CAGE20_2
Annual Report 2018
Authors: Andreassen Karin
Published: November 2022

CAGE investigates methane release, a greenhouse gas far stronger than CO2, from the Arctic seafloor. Vast amounts of methane are trapped at shallow depths below the seafloor as gas hydrates, ice-like mixtures of gas and water. Current ocean warming makes these shallow greenhouse gas reservoirs particularly vulnerable to thawing. CAGE investigates the implications of this to the Arctic climate and environment.
Correlation between religion, spirituality and perception of healthcare services utilisation in Poland during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Tuczyńska Magdalena , Matthews-Kozanecka Maja , Baum Ewa
Published: November 2022

Background

The worldwide transmission of SARS CoV-2 caused the COVID-19 pandemic and had an impact on healthcare provision. The disruption of reliance on the health system during the COVID-19 pandemic posed a clear threat to public trust. Religiosity, like spirituality, is believed to have a positive influence on people’s lives, enabling them to cope with illness, stress, and sudden life changes. In practice, although the terms religiosity and spirituality have similar meanings and are related, they are not identical concepts. The aim of this study is to compare the perceptions of the accessibility and quality of healthcare services provided before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland by religious/spiritual people compared to those for whom religion and spirituality have little or no importance in their lives.

Methodology

This cross-sectional study was based on the authors’ questionnaire, carried out during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland. Participants in the study were people living in various regions of Poland over 18 who were willing to complete the questionnaire voluntarily. The number of people sampled was two hundred and sixty-four. Convenience sampling method was used for this study. Statistical calculations were performed using Statistica 13 software from TIBCO and PQStat from PQStat Software and were based on the Kruskal-Wallis test, multiple regression model, the chi2 test of independence or the Mann-Whitney test. The result was considered statistically significant when p < α. The significance level was taken as α = 0.05.

Results

Two hundred and sixty-three respondents answered the questionnaire. Among them, 181 (69%) were women, and 82 (31%) were men. It was shown that religion is more important for women than for men and women who report a high role of religion in their lives rated the quality of healthcare services better before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. It was also concluded that religious people for whom religion played a major role and those who were helped by spiritual life rated accessibility and quality higher both before and during the pandemic.

Conclusions

Religious/spiritual people, through their more positive attitudes towards the world, were thought to rate access and quality of healthcare services better. Regardless of religious affiliation, the help of spiritual life during the pandemic or the importance of religion in life in all respondents, perception of healthcare services utilisation were decreased by the pandemic. This prompts thoughts on the implementation of spiritual assistance as a supportive measure to mitigate the effects of the pandemic.
Insights into the vaginal microbiome in a diverse group of women of African, Asian and European ancestries
Authors: Roachford Orville St. E. , Alleyne Angela T. , Nelson Karen E.
Published: November 2022

Background

Intra-continentally, vaginal microbiome signatures are reported to be significantly different between Black and Caucasian women, with women of African ancestry having the less well defined heterogenous bacterial community state type (CST) deficient of Lactobacillus species (CST IV). The objective of this study was to characterize the vaginal microbiomes across a more diverse intercontinental group of women (N = 151) of different ethnicities (African American, African Kenyan, Afro-Caribbean, Asian Indonesian and Caucasian German) using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis to determine their structures and offer a comprehensive description of the non-Lactobacillus dominant CSTs and subtypes.

Results

In this study, the bacterial composition of the vaginal microbiomes differed significantly among the ethnic groups. Lactobacillus spp. (L. crispatus and L. iners) dominated the vaginal microbiomes in African American women (91.8%) compared to European (German, 42.4%), Asian (Indonesian, 45.0%), African (Kenyan, 34.4%) and Afro-Caribbean (26.1%) women. Expanding on CST classification, three subtypes of CST IV (CST IV-A, IV-B and IV-C) (N = 56, 37.1%) and four additional CSTs were described: CST VI Gardnerella vaginalis—dominant (N = 6, 21.8%); CST VII (Prevotella—dominant, N = 1, 0.66%); CST VIII (N = 9, 5.96%), resembling aerobic vaginitis, was differentiated by a high proportion of taxa such as Enterococcus, Streptococcus and Staphylococcus (relative abundance [RA] > 50%) and CST IX (N = 7, 4.64%) dominated by genera other than Lactobacillus, Gardnerella or Prevotella (e.g., Bifidobacterium breve and Anaerococcus vaginalis). Within the vaginal microbiomes, 32 “taxa with high pathogenic potential” (THPP) were identified. Collectively, THPP (mean RA ~5.24%) negatively correlated (rs = −0.68, p < 2.2e−16) with Lactobacillus species but not significantly with Gardnerella/Prevotella spp. combined (r = −0.13, p = 0.1). However, at the individual level, Mycoplasma hominis exhibited moderate positive correlations with Gardnerella (r = 0.46, p = 2.6e−09) and Prevotella spp. (r = 0.47, p = 1.4e−09).

Conclusions

These findings while supporting the idea that vaginal microbiomes vary with ethnicity, also suggest that CSTs are more wide-ranging and not exclusive to any particular ethnic group. This study offers additional insight into the structure of the vaginal microbiome and contributes to the description and subcategorization of non-Lactobacillus-dominated CSTs.
Exogenous melatonin improves salt tolerance mainly by regulating the antioxidant system in cyanobacterium Nostoc flagelliforme
Authors: Yuan Xiaolong , An Jing , Zheng Tao , Liu Wenjian
Published: November 2022

Melatonin is a multifunctional nontoxic bio-stimulant or signaling molecule, generally distributing in different animal and plant organs for invigorating numerous physiological processes against abiotic stresses. In this study, we investigated the potential impact of melatonin on the cyanobacterium Nostoc flagelliforme when exposed to salt stress according to some biochemical and physiological parameters, such as relative electrolyte leakage, PSII activity, and photosynthetic pigments including chlorophyll a, phycocyanobilin, and phycoerythrobilin. We found that melatonin could also maintain K+ homeostasis in salt-stressed N. flagelliforme. These above results confirmed melatonin had multiple functions in hyperosmotic stress and ion stress caused by salinity. Notably, we observed melatonin could regulate the reactive oxygen species (ROS) signal and distinctly decrease the content of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion in salt-stressed cells, which were largely attributed to the increased antioxidant enzymes activities including catalase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase. Finally, qRT-PCR analysis showed that melatonin stimulated the expression of antioxidant genes (NfCAT, NfSOD, and NfGR). In general, our findings demonstrate melatonin has beneficial effects on N. flagelliforme under salt stress by intensively regulating antioxidant system.
Pharmacological Evaluation of Moringa oleifera on Collagen- Induced Arthritis in Rats
Authors: Mohan C. V. , Chatterjee Sandipan , Jha Deepak Kumar
Published: November 2022

Background and Objective: Arthritis associated with oxidative stress and chronic inflammation has been a major health problem among the people worldwide. The present study was aimed to investigate the potential anti-arthritis activity of the methanolic extract of leaves of Moringa oleifera was evaluated on Collagen induced arthritis.

Study Design: In-vivo model.

Place and Duration of the Study: Department of pharmacology, Karnataka College of pharmacy, Bangalore India, between January to September 2022.

Methods: The study was to evaluate anti-arthritic activity of Moringa oleifera (MO) against auto-immune arthritis in Wistar rats, using collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model. Effect of the methanol extract of Moringa oleifera in inflammatory response during CIA was studied by measuring CRP, different cytokines in serum and assessment of arthritis index, footpad swelling. Level of CRP, LPO, NO and an enzymatic activity of SOD and CAT was determined to assess the effect of the Moringa oleifera extract in neutralizing oxidative stress during CIA. Histology of Synovial membrane experiment has been performed to determine whether Moringa oleifera has any impact on the changes in synovial tissue during CIA.

Results: Post oral administration of Moringa oleifera at 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight doses decreased the arthritic index and footpad swelling. Moringa oleifera administration diminished pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum. The concentrations of pro-inflammatory TNFa, TGF-beta, IFNg, and IL-6 were elevated in the serum of the rat challenged with, type II collagen as compared to the std. and MtEMO-fed groups. Treatment with MtEMO in CIA induced rat significantly decreased these cytokines in serum. Decreased the serum level LPO, NO content, and SOD activity along with concomitant rise in CAT with the treatment of MtEMO. In addition decreased CRP in serum was also observed. Serum concentration of CRP, the most common type of acute phase proteins was tested in our experiments and was found to be significantly attenuated in case of CIA rat treated with MtEMO. Protective effect of MtEMO in CIA group is further supported from histopathological studies which showed improvement during bone damage and also shown less inflamed, and lymphocyte accumulation, cartilage damage decreased and less disruption of the synovial lining cell layer.

Conclusion: Based on the results it can be concluded that the test drug Moringa oleifera is capable of regulating oxidative stress during CIA and therefore down regulated local and systemic release of pro-inflammatory mediators.
Gold‐Catalyzed CC Bond Formation Through CH Functionalization
Authors: Melot Romain , Praveen Chandrasekar , Michelet Véronique
Published: November 2022

Selective carbon–carbon bond‐formation reactions are described via gold‐catalyzed CH bond activation. Gold catalysis has indeed emerged as an extraordinary tool for the scientific community. We disclose in this article selected and seminal examples implying the functionalization of alkynes, the C(sp
2
)H bonds, and the C(sp
3
)H bonds. In each section, the asymmetric versions and applications in the total synthesis are invoked, and we highlight the most recent examples described in the bibliography.
Ti3C2‐MXene Partially Derived Hierarchical 1D/2D TiO2/Ti3C2 Heterostructure Electrode for High‐Performance Capacitive Deionization
Authors: Liu Ningning , Yu Lanlan , Liu Baojun , Yu Fei , Li Liqing , Xiao Yi , Yang Jinhu , Ma Jie
Published: November 2022

Constructing faradaic electrode with superior desalination performance is important for expanding the applications of capacitive deionization (CDI). Herein, a simple one‐step alkalized treatment for in situ synthesis of 1D TiO2 nanowires on the surface of 2D Ti3C2 nanosheets, forming a Ti3C2‐MXene partially derived hierarchical 1D/2D TiO2/Ti3C2 heterostructure as the cathode electrode is reported. Cross‐linked TiO2 nanowires on the surface help avoid layer stacking while acting as the protective layer against contact of internal Ti3C2 with dissolved oxygen in water. The inner Ti3C2 MXene nanosheets cross over the TiO2 nanowires can provide abundant active adsorption sites and short ion/electron diffusion pathways. . Density functional theory calculations demonstrated that Ti3C2 can consecutively inject electrons into TiO2, indicating the high electrochemical activity of the TiO2/Ti3C2. Benefiting from the 1D/2D hierarchical structure and synergistic effect of TiO2 and Ti3C2, TiO2/Ti3C2 heterostructure presents a favorable hybrid CDI performance, with a superior desalination capacity (75.62 mg g−1), fast salt adsorption rate (1.3 mg g−1 min−1), and satisfactory cycling stability, which is better than that of most published MXene‐based electrodes. This study provides a feasible partial derivative strategy for construction of a hierarchical 1D/2D heterostructure to overcome the restrictions of 2D MXene nanosheets in CDI.
Development of modelling and mapping methods to predict spatial distributions and abundance of estuarine and coastal fish species life‐stages in Florida
Authors: Rubec Peter J. , Santi Christine E. , Ault Jerald S. , Monaco Mark E.
Published: November 2022

Suitability modelling and mapping methods were developed to predict spatial distributions and population abundance of fish and macroinvertebrate species in Florida estuaries and coastal zones. Habitats were mapped in Pensacola Bay, Tampa Bay, and Charlotte Harbor using data from fisheries‐independent monitoring. Starting in 1997, suitability functions from habitat suitability index models were linked to habitat grids to create seasonal maps for early‐juvenile, juvenile, and adult life‐stages. After 2003, habitat suitability models (HSM) were linked to seasonal habitat grids to create seasonal maps validated by reciprocal transfer of suitability functions between estuaries. A quantitative method was used with five factor models and models with fewer environmental factors for four species in 2005 and for 11 species by life‐stages in 2009. In 2006, suitability functions transferred from Charlotte Harbor were linked with habitat grids for Rookery Bay and Fakahatchee Bay and HSM maps produced for three time periods to test transferability to estuaries lacking long‐term monitoring. Analyses in 2012 demonstrated that HSM maps for Tampa Bay derived independently from earlier suitability functions were almost identical to HSM maps created using recent suitability functions. Salinity was the most significant environmental variable for predicting abundance in models for species life‐stages in the Peace River and Charlotte Harbor, although nutrient concentrations from upriver may have influenced species’ abundances associated with low (<5 psu) to moderate (5–10 psu) salinities. Population abundance estimates for Charlotte Harbor were derived from seasonal HSM maps created in 2019 and 2021. The 2021 paper compared changes in seasonal population numbers between Baseline and Minimum Flows associated with projected water withdrawals from the Peace River. Electronic logbooks were developed in 2001 and 2004 to collect data on shrimp fishing vessels and HSM maps for the West Florida Shelf created for 16 months in 2004–2005. Methodologies evolved as enabling technology became available.
Long‐term changes in bone mineral density in postoperative patients with esophageal cancer
Authors: Sugase Takahito , Sugimura Keijiro , Kanemura Takashi , Takeoka Tomohira , Yamamoto Masaaki , Shinno Naoki , Hara Hisashi , Omori Takeshi , Yasui Masayoshi , Miyata Hiroshi
Published: November 2022

Aim

The aim of this study was to investigate long‐term changes in bone mineral density (BMD) after esophagectomy, identify the risk factors for postoperative osteoporosis in patients with esophageal cancer and survival outcomes related to osteoporosis.

Methods

We retrospectively evaluated BMD changes for 197 consecutive patients with thoracic esophageal cancer who were disease‐free for 5 years after radical esophagectomy. Osteoporosis was diagnosed using computed tomography with an L1 attenuation threshold of ≤110 HU. Survival analysis was performed on 381 consecutive patients with 5‐year follow‐up after radical esophagectomy.

Results

BMD decreased annually after esophagectomy. The median attenuation (HU) was 134.2 before surgery and 135.2, 127.4, 123.3, 115.2, 105.6, and 102.4 at 6 months and 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years after surgery, respectively. Osteoporosis was diagnosed in 25.9% patients before surgery and 23.3%, 29.4%, 40.1%, 46.7%, 54.8%, and 60.4% patients with osteoporosis were observed at 6 months and 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years after surgery, respectively. Postoperative BMD did not decrease in patients aged ≤54 years, those who had never been smokers, and those with no weight loss after esophagectomy. Multivariate analysis identified that age (≥65 years) at surgery and smoking history were independent risk factors for osteoporosis at 5 years after esophagectomy. Patients with preoperative osteoporosis tended to have worse prognosis in disease‐free survival and overall survival than those without osteoporosis, who were more likely to die due to non‐esophageal cancer.

Conclusion

Esophageal cancer survivors are more likely to develop osteoporosis after esophagectomy, and preoperative osteoporosis might be associated with prognosis.
Mechanical and oral antibiotics bowel preparation for elective rectal cancer surgery: A propensity score matching analysis using a nationwide inpatient database in Japan
Authors: Oba Takuya , Sato Norihiro , Otani Makoto , Muramatsu Keiji , Fushimi Kiyohide , Nagata Jun , Torigoe Takayuki , Shibao Kazunori , Matsuda Shinya , Hirata Keiji
Published: November 2022

Aim

The best bowel preparation method for rectal surgery remains controversial. In this study we compared the efficacy and safety of mechanical bowel preparation (MBP) alone and MOABP (MBP combined with oral antibiotic bowel preparation [OABP]) for rectal cancer surgery.

Methods

In this retrospective study we analyzed data from the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination (DPC) database on 37 291 patients who had undergone low anterior resection for rectal cancer from 2014 to 2017. Propensity score matching analysis was used to compare postoperative outcomes between MBP alone and MOABP.

Results

A total of 37 291 patients were divided into four groups: MBP alone: 77.7%, no bowel preparation (NBP): 16.9%, MOABP: 4.7%, and OABP alone: 0.7%. In propensity score matching analysis with 1756 pairs, anastomotic leakage (4.84% vs 7.86%, P < 0.001), small bowel obstruction (1.54% vs 3.08%, P = 0.002) and reoperation (3.76% vs 5.98%, P = 0.002) were less in the MOABP group than in the MBP group. The mean duration of postoperative antibiotics medication was shorter in the MOABP group (5.2 d vs 7.5 d, P < 0.001) than in the MBP group. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the incidence of Clostridium difficile (CD) colitis (0.40% vs 0.68%, P = 0.250) and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colitis (0.11% vs 0.17%, P = 0.654). There was no significant difference in in‐hospital mortality between the two groups (0.00% vs 0.11% respectively, P = 0.157).

Conclusion

MOABP for rectal surgery is associated with a decreased incidence of postoperative complications without increasing the incidence of CD colitis and MRSA colitis.
Adiposity in the older population and the risk of dementia: The Rotterdam Study
Authors: Mooldijk Sanne S. , de Crom Tosca O. E. , Ikram M. Kamran , Ikram M. Arfan , Voortman Trudy
Published: November 2022

Introduction

We determined associations of total and regional adiposity with incident dementia among older adults.

Methods

Within the population‐based Rotterdam Study, adiposity was measured as total, android, and gynoid fat mass using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry in 3408 men and 4563 women, every 3 to 6 years between 2002 and 2016. Incident dementia was recorded until 2020.

Results

Higher adiposity measures were associated with a decreased risk of dementia in both sexes. After excluding the first 5 years of follow‐up, only the association of gynoid fat among women remained significant (hazard ratio 0.85 [95% confidence interval 0.75–0.97] per standard deviation increase). No major differences in trajectories of adiposity measures were observed between dementia cases and dementia‐free controls.

Discussion

Higher total and regional fat mass related to a decreased risk of dementia. These results may be explained by reverse causality, although a protective effect of adiposity cannot be excluded.

Highlights

Total and regional adiposity were assessed using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry scans in 7971 older adults.

All adiposity measures were associated with a decreased risk of dementia.

The results suggest a beneficial effect of gynoid fat on the risk of dementia in women.

Reverse causation and competing risk may explain these inverse associations.