bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formalizing non-standard arguments in second-order arithmetic
Authors: Yokoyama Keita
Published: October 2010

In this paper, we introduce the systems ns-ACA0and ns-WKL0of non-standard second-order arithmetic in which we can formalize non-standard arguments in ACA0and WKL0, respectively. Then, we give direct transformations from non-standard proofs in ns-ACA0or ns-WKL0into proofs in ACA0or WKL0.
Stable types in rosy theories
Authors: Hasson Assaf , Onshuus Alf
Published: October 2010

We study the behaviour of stable types in rosy theories. The main technical result is that a non-þ-forking extension of an unstable type is unstable. We apply this to show that a rosy group with a þ-generic stable type is stable. In the context of super-rosy theories of finite rank we conclude that non-trivial stable types of Uþ-rank 1 must arise from definable stable sets.
Expansions of the real field by open sets: definability versus interpretability
Authors: Friedman Harvey , Kurdyka Krzysztof , Miller Chris , Speissegger Patrick
Published: October 2010

An openU⊆ ℝ is produced such that (ℝ, +, ·,U) defines a Borel isomorph of (ℝ, +, ·, ℕ) but does not define ℕ. It follows that (ℝ, +, ·,U) defines sets in every level of the projective hierarchy but does not define all projective sets. This result is elaborated in various ways that involve geometric measure theory and working over o-minimal expansions of (ℝ, +, ·). In particular, there is a Cantor setE⊆ ℝ such that (ℝ, +, ·, ℕ) defines a Borel isomorph of (ℝ, +, ·, ℕ) and, for every exponentially bounded o-minimal expansionof (ℝ, +, ·), every subset of ℝ definable in (,E) either has interior or is Hausdorff null.
Consistency of strictly impredicative NF and a little more …
Authors: Tupailo Sergei
Published: October 2010

An instance of Stratified Comprehension

is calledstrictly impredicativeiff, under minimal stratification, the type ofxis 0. Using the technology of forcing, we prove that the fragment ofNFbased on strictly impredicative Stratified Comprehension is consistent. A crucial part in this proof, namely showing genericity of a certain symmetric filter, is due to Robert Solovay.

As a bonus, our interpretation also satisfies some instances of Stratified Comprehension which arenotstrictly impredicative. For example, it verifies existence of Frege natural numbers.

Apparently, this is a new subsystem ofNFshown to be consistent. The consistency question for the whole theoryNFremains open (since 1937).
Uniform model-completeness for the real field expanded by power functions
Authors: Foster Tom
Published: October 2010

We prove that given any first order formulaϕin the languageL′ = {+, ·, <,(fi)iЄI, (ci)iЄI}, where thefiare unary function symbols and theciare constants, one can find an existential formulaΨsuch thatφandΨare equivalent in anyL′-structure
Grouplike minimal sets in ACFA AND inTA
Authors: Medvedev Alice
Published: October 2010

This paper began as a generalization of a part of the author's PhD thesis about ACFA and ended up with a characterization of groups definable inTA. The thesis concerns minimal formulae of the formxЄA∧ σ(x) =f(x)for an algebraic curveAand a dominant rational functionf: A→ σ(A). These are shown to be uniform in the Zilber trichotomy, and the pairs(A, f)that fall into each of the three cases are characterized. These characterizations are definable in families. This paper covers approximately half of the thesis, namely those parts of it which can be made purely model-theoretic by moving from ACFA, the model companion of the class of algebraically closed fields with an endomorphism, toTA, the model companion of the class of models of an arbitrary totally-transcendental theoryTwith an injective endomorphism, if this model-companion exists. ATAanalog of the characterization of groups definable in ACFA is obtained in the process. The full characterization of the cases of the Zilber trichotomy in the thesis is obtained from these intermediate results with heavy use of algebraic geometry.
The full binary tree cannot be interpreted in a chain
Authors: Rabinovich Alexander
Published: October 2010

We show that for no chain C there is a monadic-second order interpretation of the full binary tree in C.
Aspect Ratio Analysis Using Image Processing for Rice Grain Quality
Authors: Aggarwal Amit K , Mohan Ratan
Published: October 2010

Determination of aspect ratio distribution is important for elongated, needle-shaped particles whose utility and/or value may depend on this feature. In this work rice grain is taken as an example of such a particle and its aspect ratio distribution in various samples is found using image processing. The samples examined were from three different grades (commonly termed as full, half and broken) sold in local market and priced according to their size. From the analysis, reference aspect ratios were assigned to classify the grains and hence determine the extent of off-size in each market grade. Further, the effectiveness of the technique to quantify mixed or adulterated grades was studied. It was found that it is possible to know the undesired content within 10 percent accuracy.
Evaluation of a three-dimensional kinematic model for canine gait analysis
Authors: Fu Yang-Chieh , Torres Bryan T. , Budsberg Steven C.
Published: October 2010

Objective—To evaluate a 3-D kinematic model of the hind limb developed by use of a joint coordinate system in dogs.

Animals—6 clinically normal adult mixed-breed dogs.

Procedures—17 retroreflective markers were affixed to the skin on the right hind limb of each dog. Eight infrared cameras were arranged around a gait platform to record marker locations as dogs were recorded moving through the calibrated space 5 times during a walk and trot at velocities of 0.9 to 1.2 m/s and 1.7 to 2.1 m/s, respectively. Local and global coordinate systems were established, and a segmental rigid-body model of the canine hind limb was produced. Dynamic 3-D joint kinematic measurements were collected for the hip, stifle, and tarsal joints.

Results—Sagittal (flexion-extension), transverse (internal-external rotation), and frontal (abduction-adduction) plane kinematic measurements were acquired during each trial for the hip, stifle, and tarsal joints.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The joint coordinate system allowed acquisition of 3-D kinematic measurements of the hip, stifle, and tarsal joints of the canine hind limb. Methods were described to model 3-D joint motion of the canine hind limb. (Am J Vet Res 2010;71:1118-1122)
Pharmacokinetics of fentanyl administered transdermally and intravenously in sheep
Authors: Ahern Benjamin J. , Soma Lawrence R. , Rudy Jeffery A. , Uboh Cornelius E. , Schaer Thomas P.
Published: October 2010

Objective—To investigate the pharmacokinetics of fentanyl administered transdermally and IV in sheep.

Animals—21 adult female sheep.

Procedures—Fentanyl was administered IV to 6 healthy sheep. Transdermal fentanyl patches (TFPs) were applied to 15 sheep 12 hours prior to general anesthesia and surgery. Seria blood samples were collected for 18 hours after IV injection and 84 hours after TFP application. Fentanyl concentrations were quantified via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and pharmacokinetic values were estimated.

Results—All sheep completed the study without complications. Following a dose of 2.5g/kg administered IV, the half-life was 3.08 hours (range, 2.20 to 3.36 hours), volume of distribution at steady state was 8.86 L/kg (range, 5.55 to 15.04 L/kg), and systemic clearance was 3.62 L/kg/h (range, 2.51 to 5.39 L/kg/h). The TFPs were applied at a mean dose of 2.05 g/kg/h. Time to maximum plasma concentration and maximal concentration were 12 hours (range, 4 to 24 hours) and 1.30 ng/mL (range, 0.62 to 2.73 ng/mL), respectively. Fentanyl concentrations were maintained at > 0.5 ng/mL for 40 hours after TFP application.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—IV administration of fentanyl resulted in a short half-life. Application of a TFP resulted in stable blood fentanyl concentrations in sheep. (Am J Vet Res 2010;71:1127—1132)
Evaluation of anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists in cartilage and synovial explants from dogs
Authors: Hanks Brian C. , Kuroki Keichi , Stoker Aaron M. , Cook James L.
Published: October 2010

Objective—To evaluate the effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonists on tissue metabolism in cartilage and synovial explants from dogs.

Sample Population—Cartilage-synovial membrane expiants from 12 dogs.

Procedures—Expiants were cultured for 21 days without (negative control) or with interleukin (IL)-1β (positive control) or with IL-1β and 2 concentrations of 2 PPARγ agonists (15-deoxy-Δ 12,14-prostaglandin J2 [PGJ2] and pioglitazone). Media were collected on days 3, 7, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 21 and assessed for glycosaminoglycan (GAG), nitric oxide (NO), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) concentrations. Tissue GAG and hydroxyproline concentrations were determined in cartilage expiants collected on day 21.

Results—The GAG concentrations of cartilage expiants cultured in IL-1β (100 ng/mL) with 2 concentrations of PGJ2 were significantly higher than those in all other groups, whereas media GAG concentrations were significantly lower in the high-concentration PGJ2-treated groups, compared with all other groups. The PGE2 concentrations were significantly lower in the PGJ2 treatment groups, compared with the positive control and the pioglitazone treatment groups on days 3 to 21. The NO concentrations were significantly lower in PGJ2 treatment groups, compared with the other groups on days 3 and 12 to 21.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—PGJ2, an endogenous PPARγ agonist, may have anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective effects in an osteosteoarthritic joint environment (Am J Vet Res 2010;71:1142-1147)
Pharmacokinetics of metformin after enteral administration in insulin-resistant ponies
Authors: Tinworth Kellie D. , Edwards Scott , Harris Patricia A. , Sillence Martin N. , Hackett L. Peter , Noble Glenys K.
Published: October 2010

Objective—To determine pharmacokinetics and plasma steady-state kinetics of metformin after oral or nasogastric administration in insulin-resistant (IR) ponies

Animals—8 IR ponies

Procedures—Metformin (30 mg/kg) was administered to 8 ponies via nasogastric tube Blood samples were collected at intervals for 24 hours. Plasma concentrations of metformin were measured via liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectroscopy Pharmacokinetic variables were determined via noncompartmental analysis. Metformin (15 mg/kg, PO, twice daily [8 am and 5 pm]) was administered to 4 ponies for an additional 20 days, and blood samples were obtained every 2 days. Plasma concentration at steady state (Css) was determined.

Results—Mean ± SD elimination half-life (t1/2) of metformin was 11.7 ± 5.2 hours, maxima plasma concentration was 748 ± 269 ng/mL at 54 ± 32 minutes, mean area under the curve was 355 ± 92μg•h/mL, and apparent clearance was 90.6 ± 28.1 mL/min/kg. The Css was 122 ± 22 ng/mL.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Metformin reportedly enhances insulin sensitivity of peripheral tissues without stimulating insulin secretion, but bioavailability in horses is low. The t1/2 of metformin in IR ponies was similar to that in humans. Actual clearance of metformin adjusted for bioavailability in IR ponies was similar to that in humans; however, during chronic oral administration at dosages reported in efficacy studies, the Css of metformin was less than values associated with therapeutic efficacy in humans The apparent lack of long-term efficacy of metformin in horses is likely attributable to low bioavailability, rather than to rapid clearance. (Am J Vet Res 2010;71:1201-1206)
Effects of administration of caffeine on metabolic variables in neonatal pigs with peripartum asphyxia
Authors: Orozco-Gregorio Héctor , Mota-Rojas Daniel , Bonilla-Jaime Herlinda , Trujillo-Ortega María E. , Becerril-Herrera Marcelino , Hernández-González Rafael , Villanueva-García Dina
Published: October 2010

Objective—To determine effects of 2 doses of caffeine on metabolic variables in neonata pigs with peripartum asphyxia

Animals—180 neonatal pigs

Procedures—Neonatal pigs were assigned to 2 groups (groups P and F) on the basis of results for a vitality scale (passed or failed, respectively). Within each group, there were 3 subgroups of 30 pigs each. Within each group, the 3 subgroups received a placebo that consisted of an empty gelatin capsule, a gelatin capsule that contained 20 mg of caffeine, and a gelatin capsule that contained 35 mg of caffeine, respectively; all capsules were administered orally (0 hours). Blood samples were collected immediately before and 24 hours after capsule administration.

Results—Pigs in groups P and F that received 20 or 35 mg of caffeine had significant increases in triglyceride concentrations. All pigs in groups P and F had a significant decrease in lactate concentrations, although the placebo-treated pigs in group F had larger decreases than did the group F pigs treated with 20 or 35 mg of caffeine. Glucose concentrations increased significantly in group F pigs treated with 20 or 35 mg of caffeine (30% and 50%, respectively), whereas glucose concentrations remained unchanged in group P pigs. In pigs treated with 35 mg of caffeine, the final weight obtained for group F was approximately 8% lower than that obtained for group P

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Administering caffeine immediately after birth to neonatal pigs with severe oxygen restriction resulted in significant improvements in metabolic variables. (Am J Vet Res 2010;71:1214-1219)
Effects of renal autograft ischemic storage and reperfusion on intraoperative hemodynamic patterns and plasma renin concentrations in clinically normal cats undergoing renal autotransplantation and contralateral nephrectomy
Authors: Schmiedt Chad W. , Mercurio Andrew , Vandenplas Michel , McAnulty Jonathan F. , Hurley David J.
Published: October 2010

Objective—To evaluate the effect of the duration of cold Ischemia on the renin-angiotensin system during renal transplantation In cats and to define the potential Influence of vasoactive factors in renal tissue following cold ischemic storage versus warm ischemic storage

Animals—10 purpose-bred 6-month-old sexually Intact female cats

Procedures—10 cats underwent renal autotransplantation after 30 minutes (n = 5) or 3 hours (5) of simple, ex vivo cold storage of renal autographs. Following autograft reperfusion, direct hemodynamic variables were measured with a telemetric Implant and samples were collected for plasma renin concentration. Activation of vascular-related genes (renin, endothelin, and angiotensin converting enzyme) relative to 2-hour simple cold or warm ischemia was also evaluated.

Results—No significant difference between groups was detected In any of the hemodynamic variables or postreperfusion plasma renin concentrations measured in this study relative to the duration of cold ischemic storage. There was also no difference between warm- and cold-stored kidneys in the expression of vascular-related genes

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Prolonged renal Ischemia for clinically relevant durations does not appear to predispose clinically normal cats to altered hemodynamics or high plasma renin concentrations following graft reperfusion. Activation of vasoactive genes does not appear to be Influenced by type of Ischemia over 2 hours. (Am J Vet Res 2010;71:1220-1227)
Comparison of the osteogenic potential of equine mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord blood, and umbilical cord tissue
Authors: Toupadakis Chrisoula A. , Wong Alice , Genetos Damian C. , Cheung Whitney K. , Borjesson Dori L. , Ferraro Gregory L. , Galuppo Lawrence D. , Leach J. Kent , Owens Sean D. , Yellowley Clare E.
Published: October 2010

Objective—To determine the optimal osteogenic source of equine mesenchymal stem cells (eMSCs) and optimize collection of and expansion conditions for those cells.

Animals—10 adult Quarter Horses and 8 newborn Thoroughbred foals.

Procedures—eMSCs were isolated from bone marrow (BM), adipose tissue, and umbilical cord blood and tissue, and the osteogenic potential of each type was assessed. Effects of anatomic site, aspiration volume, and serum type on eMSC yield from BM were investigated.

Results—BM-eMSCs had the highest overall expression of the osteogenic genes Cbfa1, Osx, and Omd and staining for ALP activity and calcium deposition. There was no significant difference in BM-eMSC yield from the tuber coxae or sternum, but yield was significantly greater from the first 60-mL aspirate than from subsequent aspirates. The BM-eMSC expansion rate was significantly higher when cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum instead of autologous serum (AS).

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—eMSCs from BM possessed the highest in vitro osteogenic potential; eMSCs from adipose tissue also had robust osteogenic potential. The tuber coxae and the sternum were viable sources of BM-eMSCs in yearlings, and 60 mL of BM aspirate was sufficient for culture and expansion. Expanding BM-eMSCs in AS to avoid potential immunologic reactions decreased the total yield because BM-eMSCs grew significantly slower in AS than in fetal bovine serum. Additional studies are needed to determine optimal ex vivo eMSC culture and expansion conditions, including the timing and use of growth factor—supplemented AS. (Am J Vet Res 2010;71:1237-1245)
Early detection of ketoprofen-induced acute kidney injury in sheep as determined by evaluation of urinary enzyme activities
Authors: Raekallio Marja R. , Saario-Paunio Elise M. K. , Rajamäki Minna M. , Sankari Satu M. , Palviainen Mari J. , Siven Mia S. , Peltoniemi S. Marikki , Leinonen Mari-Erika , Honkavaara Juhana M. , Vainio Outi M.
Published: October 2010

Objective—To evaluate early indicators of renal tissue destruction and changes in urinary enzyme activities in sheep during the first hours after acute kidney injury induced by administration of an overdose of an NSAID.

Animals—12 adult female sheep.

Procedures—Acute kidney injury was induced in 6 sheep by administration of ketoprofen (30 mg/kg, IV) and detected by evaluation of urinary protein concentration, iohexol clearance, and results of histologic examination. Six sheep served as control animals. Blood and urine samples were collected for up to 24 hours after administration of ketoprofen. Plasma concentrations of urea, creatinine, albumin, and total protein; plasma activities of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, and MMP-9; and urinary creatinine and protein concentrations, specific gravity, and activities of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, GGT lactate dehydrogenase, N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), MMP-2, and MMP-9 were measured. Urinary protein concentration and enzyme activities were normalized on the basis of urinary creatinine concentrations and reported as ratios.

Results—Many urinary enzyme-to-creatinine ratios increased before the plasma creatinine concentration exceeded the reference value. Urine NAG, lactate dehydrogenase, and acid phosphatase activities were increased beginning at 2 hours after ketoprofen administration, and alkaline phosphatase, GGT, and MMP-2 activities were increased beginning at 4 hours after ketoprofen administration. Most peak urinary enzyme-to-creatinine ratios were detected earlier than were the highest plasma creatinine and urea concentrations.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Urinary enzyme activities were sensitive early indicators of acute kidney injury induced by an overdose of an NSAID in sheep. (Am J Vet Res 2010;71:1246–1252)
Evaluation of the use of baseline cortisol concentration as a monitoring tool for dogs receiving trilostane as a treatment for hyperadrenocorticism
Authors: Cook Audrey K. , Bond Karen G.
Published: October 2010

Objective—To determine whether a single measurement of cortisol concentration can be used to monitor dogs receiving trilostane for hyperadrenocorticism.

Design—Controlled drug efficacy trial.

Animals—103 client-owned dogs.

Procedures—Results of ACTH stimulation tests before and during trilostane treatment were evaluated. Each cortisol concentration after ACTH stimulation was classified as indicative of excessive, acceptable, or inadequate control of adrenal gland function, as outlined by the trilostane manufacturer. Baseline cortisol concentrations before and during trilostane treatment were evaluated; target variables were defined, and sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values were determined.

Results—Results of 103 and 342 ACTH stimulation tests before and during treatment were evaluated. In this population, baseline cortisol concentrations ≥ 1.3 μg/dL accurately excluded excessive suppression (defined by cortisol concentration after ACTH stimulation < 1.5 μg/dL) in 254 of 259 (98%) dogs. In addition, baseline cortisol concentrations ≤ 2.9 μg/dL correctly excluded inadequate control (defined by cortisol concentration after ACTH stimulation > 9.1 μg/dL) in 200 of 211 (95%) dogs. During trilostane treatment, baseline cortisol concentrations between 1.3 and either 2.9 μg/dL or ≤ 50% of the pretreatment baseline cortisol concentration correctly predicted acceptable control of adrenal gland function in 147 of 168 (88%) dogs.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Evaluation of a baseline cortisol concentration collected 4 to 6 hours after trilostane administration in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism provided clinically useful information about control of adrenal gland function. Many dogs receiving trilostane may be adequately monitored without the expense and inconvenience of an ACTH stimulation test. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2010;237:801–805)
Diagnosis and management of cranial and caudal nuchal bursitis in four horses
Authors: García-López José M. , Jenei Thomas , Chope Kate , Bubeck Kirstin A.
Published: October 2010

Case Description—4 horses with a history of neck pain, abnormal head carriage, and related inability to perform were examined. Cranial nuchal bursitis was diagnosed in 2 horses, and caudal nuchal bursitis was diagnosed in the other 2.

Clinical Findings—All 4 horses had prominent swelling in the region between the frontal bone and temporal fossa (ie, the poll) and abnormal head carriage. Ultrasonographic examination revealed fluid distention and synovial thickening of the cranial or caudal nuchal bursa in all 4 horses. Ultrasonography-guided aspiration of the affected region was performed successfully in 3 horses. Radiography revealed bony remodeling and mineralization over the dorsal aspect of the atlas in 1 horse and a radiolucency at the axis in another. Nuclear scintigraphy revealed an increase in radioisotope uptake at the level of C2 in 1 horse. Although a septic process was considered among the differential diagnoses in all horses, a septic process could only be confirmed in 1 horse.

Treatment and Outcome—All horses were refractory to conservative management consisting of intrabursal injection of anti-inflammatory medications. Bursoscopic debridement and lavage of the affected bursae resulted in resolution of the clinical signs in all horses, and they all returned to their intended use.

Clinical Relevance—Cranial and caudal nuchal bursitis, of nonseptic or septic origin, should be considered as a differential diagnosis in horses with head and neck pain. Horses undergoing surgical intervention consisting of nuchal bursoscopy have the opportunity to return to their original degree of exercise. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2010;237:823–829)
Density of the systems (NaF/AlF3)—AlPO4 and (NaF/AlF3)—NaVO3
Authors: Šimko František , Macková Iveta , Netriová Zuzana
Published: October 2010

The densities of two systems of molten mixtures (NaF/AlF3)—NaVO3 and (NaF/AlF3)—AlPO4 were measured using an Archimedean method. Each molten mixture contained varying amounts of “impurity” constituents. The measurements were performed at various NaF/AlF3 mole ratios (CR, cryolite ratio), equal to 3, 2.5, 2, and 1.5.
Comparative study of CTAB adsorption on bituminous coal and clay mineral
Authors: Maršálek Roman , Navrátilová Zuzana
Published: October 2010

Adsorption of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) onto bituminous coal (BC) and a clay mineral, montmorillonite (MMT), was studied. Simultaneous measurements of the CTAB adsorption and zeta potential determination of the adsorption suspensions were carried out. The adsorption isotherms were found to be of the typical Langmuir type; values of the CTAB adsorption capacities were calculated (a m = 0.65 mmol g−1 for coal and a m = 3.24 mmol g−1 for MMT). The shape of the adsorption isotherms was correlated with zeta potential values at the adsorption equilibrium. The adsorption properties of both sorbents were studied by voltammetry on carbon paste electrodes (CPE) modified with coal-CTAB and MMT-CTAB system, respectively. Open circuit sorption with differential pulse voltammetry was performed in order to compare the sorption properties of the systems with the unmodified sorbents. The Cu2+ adsorption on BC and MMT decreased to approximately 50 % and 40 %, respectively. The surface adsorption mechanism of CTAB on coal based on hydrophilic interactions was proposed. In the case of montmorillonite, the CTAB intercalation is expected via ion exchange into the inter-layer space forming a double- or triple-layer arrangement.
Enzymatic synthesis and analytical monitoring of terpene ester by 1H NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Patil Dipak , Das Debabrata , Nag Ahindra
Published: October 2010

Terpene esters of fatty acids have potential applications in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. The present study focuses on the synthesis of terpene esters of long chain fatty acids catalyzed by Candida antarctica lipase B. Different parameters like temperature, solvent, and enzyme concentration for the esterification of terpene alcohols (geraniol and citronellol) with oleic acid were studied. Maximum conversion (98 %) was found for both terpene esters at 60°C in 2,2,4-trimethylpentane as well as in dry hexane and around 95–97 % in other tested solvents. The reaction was also carried out using stearic and linoleic acid in hexane to study the effects of unsaturation in the substrate in which stearic acid showed the maximum conversion. The reaction was monitored by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Using the peak integration values of methylene protons of terpene and terpene ester of δ = 3.6 and 4.0 for citronellol and δ = 4.2 and 4.6 for geraniol, respectively, percentage conversions of each of the esters were calculated.
Differences in affinity of arylstilbazolium derivatives to tetraplex structures
Authors: Czerwinska Izabella , Juskowiak Bernard
Published: October 2010

Research into the interactions of small molecules (ligands) with DNA is a very important field of biochemistry. A ligand interacts with a DNA structure in many ways, depending on the structural features of the ligand (the presence of rings, substituent groups, length of bonds, etc.) or nucleic acid (number and association of strands, base sequence etc.). This study reports on an investigation of the preferential binding of arylstilbazolium ligands to a four-stranded DNA. For this purpose, an equilibrium dialysis was used. Equilibrium dialysis is a versatile method which enables many DNA structures to be investigated at the same time. A dozen different DNA structures of (single-stranded, double-stranded (duplex), triple-stranded (triplex), and four-stranded (tetraplex)) were involved in experiments with each ligand. Following the dissociation of DNA-ligand complexes by SDS, the concentration of the ligand bound was calculated from fluorescence and absorbance calibration curves. As a result, the amount of the ligand bound was directly related to the ligand-binding affinity. Equilibrium dialysis was used as a powerful tool to indicate which of the arylstilbazolium ligands investigated was the best therapeutic agent targeting G-quadruplex. Arylstilbazolium derivatives demonstrated strong interactions with the DNA samples used in the assay. The most interesting finding was a selective, preferential binding of anthryl derivative to c-MYC DNA (c-MYC is a DNA sequence that appears in an oncogene). Furthermore, as this derivative binds preferentially to one of the triplexes investigated, it can find an application in the TFO-triplex forming oligonucleotides which are used in gene therapy.
Comparative study of a barbed suture, poliglecaprone and stapler in Pfannenstiel incisions performed for benign gynecological procedures: a randomized trial
Authors: Naki Mehmet Murat , Api Olus , Acioglu Hasniye Celik , Ozkan Sadullah , Kars Bulent , Unal Orhan
Published: October 2010

Objective. To compare a novel barbed suture, poliglecaprone‐25 suture and stapler in Pfannenstiel incisions performed for benign gynecological procedures. Design. A randomized controlled non‐inferiority trial with randomization in a 1:1:1 ratio. Setting. Istanbul Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Kartal Research and Training Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Population. Patients between 18 and 45 years of age without prior lower abdominal incision and undergoing Pfannenstiel incisions for benign gynecological procedures. Methods. A total of 117 female patients randomized into barbed (n = 39), poliglecaprone‐25 (n = 39) and stapler (n = 39) groups according to suture type. Skin closure techniques were compared in terms of length of incision (cm), adverse events (wound dehiscence, incisional infection, seroma and hematoma), subjective pain scores, patient satisfaction and postoperative scar cosmesis. Main outcome measures. The difference between three suture materials in terms of postoperative incision pain, patient satisfaction and scar cosmesis. Results. Skin closure techniques were similar in terms of length of incision (cm), adverse events and pain scores and Modified Hollander Cosmesis Score. Barbed (p < 0.001) and poliglecaprone‐25 (p < 0.01) sutures were significantly better than staplers in terms of patient satisfaction. Conclusion. The three different methods of skin closure revealed comparable outcome except for a significant superiority of sutures to the stapler method in terms of patient satisfaction scores.
An undefined profession. The issue of professionalism in the journalistic milieu
Authors: Ruellan Denis
Published: October 2010

Summary: The journalistic profession has never gone so far as to adopt a corporate structure, but it has a functionalist vision of itself. The author details the forms which this takes (social image of mediation, myth of the press card, jealously reserved sphere of action, etc.), and which conceal what he moreover qualifies as 'productive fluidity'. The social heterogeneity of the journalistic milieu and its multiplicity of practices attest to an undefined state which, far from resulting from misunderstanding, characterizes an indiscernible social group and a dual professional identity - the pursuit of social respectability and the indeflniteness of its characteristics.
The invisible hand. Regulation by the courts and independent authorities in the United States
Authors: Simon Jean-Paul
Published: October 2010

Summary: A historical examination is made of how the executive, legislative and judicial branches of the US government have dealt with the overwhelmingly complicated process of regulating public utilities. It points out that the specialized entities mandated by Congress to control these industries must strike a balance between conflicting interests. These so-called independent agencies have to achieve a workable compromise between the protection of the industry and of the users under some often very vague criteria (public interest, fairness, reasonableness). The process of regulation as a whole is here seen as a bi-polar system of state intervention ensured by the independent authority (commissions) /judicial pair. This dual system is complex, constraining and all-embracing, even if it evolves towards more pragmatic approaches.
The Birth of Long Distance Communication. Semaphore Telegraphs in Europe (1790-1840)
Authors: Flichy Patrice
Published: October 2010

Summary: Although already in existence at the end of the seventeenth century, the telegraph was seen at the time as an instrument for romantic communication only. It came into use in France with the intellectual and cultural upheaval of the revolutionary years. During this period time and space took on a new dimension (e.g. republican calendar and metric system) and the Chappe brothers' invention, which shortened distances, was recognized as a useful tool. During the Revolution and under the Empire, use of the semaphore telegraph was restricted to politicians, the police and the military; it permitted the State to
What change in French firms? The impact of structural change on French industry
Authors: Linhart Danièle
Published: October 2010

Summary: The distinction which exists between two levels within firms (the organization of production on one hand, and the internal functioning of the firm on the other) reveals a widening gap between the two. Work organization stricto sensu is barely changing and remains governed by Taylorian principles, whilst the internal functioning of firms is oriented towards improved management of interfaces and interactions between the different functions. The workers' role on these two levels - passive on the former, participatory on the latter - places them astride this gap in a way which could create serious problems for the future.
Putting programmes together
Authors: Rizza Nora
Published: October 2010

Summary: The present essay tries to analyse how both public and commercial television channels in Italy structure their broadcasting schedule. The enquiry is carried out from within, by examining the process of making up scheduling choices as revealed by a series of interviews with the people who, in their respective organizational tasks, are responsible for, or participate in, the elaboration of the programming framework: that is, heads of networks and heads of programming departments. The research focus therefore takes a sociological approach that illustrates the broadcaster's role and is rather rare in the Italian research tradition. The basis of the enquiry is an interview using an open-ended questionnaire which resulted most of the time in a guided exchange. The essay tries to reconstruct the work that goes into the elaboration of a schedule, describing the stages, structural elements and choices involved, and analysing them in relation to the environmental setting and the broadcaster's identity.
The fragmentation of journalism
Authors: Charon Jean-Marie
Published: October 2010

Summary: Why are so many questions being asked nowadays about journalism and journalists? Why are there so many investigations by researchers, so many articles by journalists, so many polls on whether or not we should have confidence in them? What questions come to the fore when researchers, professionals, a number of intellectuals and politicians write on this subject? That is the point of departure for this article, which provides an overview both of those issues which are being responsibly and urgently addressed and of those which are being ignored or even rejected as holding only secondary or marginal interest. Four main types of approach are favoured.
Communication and mediation
Authors: Jouët Josiane , Libbrecht Liz
Published: October 2010

Summary: Throughout the Cold War two types of radio stations broadcast to the Communist countries: 'sovereign' radio (e.g. BBC, RFI) and 'substitute' radio (e.g. Radio Free Europe, Radio Liberty). They developed, from the same sources of information, two distinct styles of production and relations with listeners. These radio stations were both a political instrument and a cultural vector, a link with the West and a medium for local communications, until broadcasting finally gained its freedom through political change.
The affair of the memory of water. Towards a sociology of scientific communication
Authors: Kaufmann Alain
Published: October 2010

Summary: When, in 1988, Nature finally published results by Jacques Benveniste seeming to show that water could 'remember' the properties of substances in ultra-high dilutions, it detonated an 'epistemiological bombshell' that highlighted the way scientists now use the mass media to publicize their work. They have become entrepreneurs who, in order to interest others in a discovery that may be unacceptable to the established scientific journals, must mobilize and orchestrate a number of different communication resources to build their own information networks. This analysis of the affair may prompt a more thorough exploration of the many paths that lead to the construction of scientific facts.
Journalists, history and historians. The ups and downs of a professional identity
Authors: Lavoinne Yves
Published: October 2010

Summary: Among those groups with which journalists have relations worthy of sociological study, historians are the most important. Yves Lavoinne analyses this 'unusually complex special relationship' from an historical point of view; in the interval between the advent of modern journalism at the end of the 19th century and today's desire to experience directly - or have the illusion of experiencing - history in the making, the interaction between these two worlds has changed.
Maremoto: a radio play (1924)
Authors: Cusy Pierre , Germinet Gabriel , Méadel Cécile
Published: October 2010

Summary: Radio drama first rocked the English-speaking world in 1938 when Orson Welles's The War of the Worlds panicked many American listeners into believing that Martians had really invaded... But well before then, in 1924, a French spoof dramatisation of a shipwreck drew wails of anguish - and appreciative chuckles - from listeners to the primitive medium. Maremoto, with its original mix of borrowings from the theatre and the cinema, plus creative studio sound effects, blazed the trail for those who later made the radio play a wild success in the inter-war period.
Electronic Data Interchange and Company Re-engineering
Authors: Mayere Anne , Monnoyer Marie-Christine
Published: October 2010

Summary: The aim of EDI - electronic data interchange - is to bypass the bottleneck of print between enterprises by seamless computerization of data processing and exchange across both industrial sectors and national borders. But early sector-based systems, shackled by an outdated rigid division between 'administrative' and 'operational' information, created their own data bottlenecks. EDI is now in transition between the initial trial and error phase and a second stage of maturation, during which the open design of communication systems will centre on the key dimension of adding value to operations in the emerging flexible industrial world of just-in-time production, total quality and worker.
Scenarios of crisis. Social construction of intimacy through a thousand TV film projects
Authors: Chalvon-Demersay Sabine
Published: October 2010

Summary: In her analysis of over a thousand TV film synopses, the author identifies a number of common elements which reveal current social trends and problems. Recurring themes in the synopses include the crisis in family life, the dominant role of women in relationships, paternity, prostitution, sexuality, the confusion of identities and the apparent absence of passion. In the world portrayed in these texts, where differences between the sexes and between generations have been eroded, it seems that the only lasting relationships are the most unlikely ones.
Do We Really Need the Concept of Convention?
Authors: Quéré Louis
Published: October 2010

Summary: What is the real explanatory value of the concept of convention, used as it is to account for the coordination of action? Distinguishing between a technical and a common-sense view of convention, the author recognizes the relevance of phenomena highlighted by the theoreticians of convention, hut doubts that the concept they propose has a very broad explanatory value, it appears rather as a crutch made necessary by an all-too-cognitivist treatment of the problems of coordinating action. As an alternative, he proposes a line of thought inspired by recent developments in social phenomenology.
Mediation and Social History of Art
Authors: Simon Jean-Paul
Published: October 2010

Summary: A renewal in the approaches and problematics of the history of art has led to a rethinking of relations between aesthetic objects, opinions on taste, and society in general. Levels of analysis have been multiplied and the study of the complex networks of microscopic relationships to which any artistic product refers, has become increasingly detailed. Three themes are explored here, each one guided by the work of an author or a set of works. The first identifies methodological problems common to the history of art and communication, the second presents examples of mediation between art and society, and the third considers political forms and symbols from an anthropological point of view.
Broadcasting legislation in France over the past twenty years. Main themes, shortcomings and unanswered questions
Authors: Cathodon
Published: October 2010

Summary: A comparison of two images of the French audiovisual landscape, with an interval of twenty years between them (1972-92), reveals that the development of broadcasting law during the past two decades has been broadly consistent, it has promoted the constitution of a private pole along with public services henceforth freed from political control, and the replacement of a statutory approach by regulation entrusted to an independent authority disposing of the required legal and material means. This evolution did not, however, take place without prevarication. For three steps forwards there was at least one step amiss, or even backwards. Many questions remain unanswered, whether on the role of the regulatory authority, the contents and financing of public service programmes, the status of communications firms or, more generally, the responsibilities of the public authorities in this sector.
The imaginery in Televised Talk. Permanence, change and conflict
Authors: Lochard Guy , Soulages Jean-Claude
Published: October 2010

Summary: Discussion programmes, long dominated by the 'debate' model, were gradually superseded on French television in the mid-eighties by a new model known in professional and critical discourse by the generic term 'talk show'. This change can be imputed to a shift in the 'communicational imagination' of the professionals (presenters and producers) on whom the process of mediating these programmes depends. If we extend our investigation to include Europe and North America, we find that there are in fact several models, each fulfilling a different social function, which can broadly be described as 'talk shows'. The emergence and proliferation of such shows provides an effective indicator of a new relationship between television and its public, and of a new way of regulating programme schedules. It also makes possible a reconsideration of the elaboration of both internal and external communication contracts for studio performances in general.
The television of intimacy. Meeting a social need
Authors: Mehl Dominique
Published: October 2010

Summary: French television, which until recently was no more than an intermediary between the establishment and the general public, developed a new type of programme in the 1990s based on emotion, confession and individual messages. The 'television of intimacy' provoked strong criticism for its voyeuristic and exhibitionist aspects and for abusing its power by actively intervening in public life. In this conclusion to her book La Télévision de l'intimité, the author argues that the new programmes meet a need to express expectations, hopes and criticisms that the social fabric does not satisfy.
Television, A cognitive terminal
Authors: Jacquinot Geneviève
Published: October 2010

Summary: There is a dimension of television that the compartmentalization of research into the relationship between children, television and school helps to conceal: its status as 'cognitive terminal', independent of programme content. This dimension is approached here in three ways: through the current perception of television as entertainment, which distorts judgments on its usefulness as a source of learning; through the cultural diversity of ways of watching television, which makes the 'TV effecť just as much a class phenomenon as other sources of social inequality; and through the cognitive modality peculiar to television, which contrasts the conventional monolithic model long propagated by the school system with a model of knowledge as an interpretive and relational process. In this sense, entertainment-oriented 'neotelevision' does not stand in opposition to the more didactic 'palaeotelevision' , but they do represent different educational models reflecting two types of society. Hence the need to 'make television less exotic', both in the classroom and in research into its cognitive effects.
Towards a New Model of Communication Network Management
Authors: Flichy Patrice
Published: October 2010

Summary: It is often thought that a new management model for communication, totally opposed to that which prevailed until the 1970s, is emerging. By drawing upon various historical examples this article shows that numerous management models have existed in the telecommunications and broadcasting sectors. These can be characterized by five variables: monopoly/competition, public/private, universal/specific, mass/elite, and national/regional/international. Since the restructuring which is currently taking place influences these variables simultaneously, it is likely - as in the past - to give rise to a number of management models.
Babbage's Calculating Engines and the Factory System
Authors: Schaffer Simon
Published: October 2010

Summary: The English mathematician Charles Babbage, who during the first half of the nineteenth century invented the precursors of today's computers, was keenly interested in the economic issues of the Victorian era. His calculating engines were an application of contemporary theories on the division of labour and provided models for the rationalisation of production. Bahhage's ideas contributed to the dehumanisation of labour hut were also the source of major discoveries. The mathematician's history was closely linked to that of the industrial revolution, cradled in England, the 'workshop of the world'. This article recalls the effervescence of that period.
Framing Public Debate: The CSG Bill
Authors: Bregman Dorine
Published: October 2010

Summary: How was the CSG bill, a major priority on the Rocard government's political agenda, constructed as a political entity? Drawing upon empirical data from the prime minister's information and publicity service, it is possible to analyse the process of its composition and recomposition. Alongside overwhelming events such as the Gulf crisis and, to a lesser extent, the 'high school and suburban crisis', the controversial CSG relied essentially for its construction on the government's definition of the political situation. The frames of interpretation applied to the CSG by the media were aimed at reducing the controversy in terms of political tactics and parliamentary games, while the subject itself presented specific difficulties of interpretation.
Victim or Victor? Mythologisation by the Local Press of King Mihaï's visit to Romania
Authors: Coman Mihai
Published: October 2010

Summary: As part of the discourse engendered by our culture, there is no reason for media discourse to receive special treatment - despite journalists' claims concerning the peculiar nature of their work. An anthropological viewpoint shows us that in the construction of their discourse, journalists are constrained in the same way as makers of myths: it is an attempt to define reality by means of narrative structures which, in order to give meaning to the unexpected, resort to culturally deep-rooted symbols. The analysis of the media event - the former king's visit at Easter - which mobilized the Romanian press in 1992, shows the power of the symbols which the media exploit while maintaining the illusion of simply recounting concrete events.