bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Protein signatures to distinguish aggressive from indolent prostate cancer
Authors: Garcia‐Marques Fernando , Liu Shiqin , Totten Sarah M. , Bermudez Abel , Tanimoto Cheylene , Hsu En‐Chi , Nolley Rosalie , Hembree Amy , Stoyanova Tanya , Brooks James D. , Pitteri Sharon J.
Published: January 2022

Background

Distinguishing men with aggressive from indolent prostate cancer is critical to decisions in the management of clinically localized prostate cancer. Molecular signatures of aggressive disease could help men overcome this major clinical challenge by reducing unnecessary treatment and allowing more appropriate treatment of aggressive disease.

Methods

We performed a mass spectrometry‐based proteomic analysis of normal and malignant prostate tissues from 22 men who underwent surgery for prostate cancer. Prostate cancer samples included Grade Groups (3–5), with 8 patients experiencing recurrence and 14 without evidence of recurrence with a mean of 6.8 years of follow‐up. To better understand the biological pathways underlying prostate cancer aggressiveness, we performed a systems biology analysis and gene enrichment analysis. Proteins that distinguished recurrent from nonrecurrent cancer were chosen for validation by immunohistochemical analysis on tissue microarrays containing samples from a larger cohort of patients with recurrent and nonrecurrent prostate cancer.

Results

In all, 24,037 unique peptides (false discovery rate < 1%) corresponding to 3,313 distinct proteins were identified with absolute abundance ranges spanning seven orders of magnitude. Of these proteins, 115 showed significantly (p < 0.01) different levels in tissues from recurrent versus nonrecurrent cancers. Analysis of all differentially expressed proteins in recurrent and nonrecurrent cases identified several protein networks, most prominently one in which approximately 24% of the proteins in the network were regulated by the YY1 transcription factor (adjusted p < 0.001). Strong immunohistochemical staining levels of three differentially expressed proteins, POSTN, CALR, and CTSD, on a tissue microarray validated their association with shorter patient survival.

Conclusions

The protein signatures identified could improve understanding of the molecular drivers of aggressive prostate cancer and be used as candidate prognostic biomarkers.
Delivery of antisense oligonucleotides for splice‐correction of androgen receptor pre‐mRNA in castration‐resistant prostate cancer models using cell‐penetrating peptides
Authors: Luna Velez Maria V. , Paulino da Silva Filho Omar , Verhaegh Gerald W. , van Hooij Onno , El Boujnouni Najoua , Brock Roland , Schalken Jack A.
Published: January 2022

Background

Cell‐penetrating peptides (CPPs) are a promising approach for delivering antisense oligonucleotides (AONs) as they form nanosized complexes through noncovalent interactions that show efficient cellular uptake. Previously, we have designed an AON system to correct splicing of the androgen receptor (AR) pre‐mRNA, thereby preventing the generation of the splice variant AR‐V7 mRNA. AON‐mediated knockdown of AR‐V7 resulted in inhibition of androgen‐independent cell proliferation. In this study, we evaluated the CPP‐mediated delivery of this AON into castration‐resistant prostate cancer cell line models 22Rv1, DuCaP (dura mater cancer of the prostate), and VCaP (vertebral cancer of the prostate).

Methods

Nanoparticles (polyplexes) of AONs and CPPs were formed through rapid mixing. The impact of the peptide carrier, the formulation parameters, and cell incubation conditions on cellular uptake of fluorescently labeled AONs were assessed through flow cytometry. The cytotoxic activity of these formulations was measured using the CellTiter‐Glo cell viability assay. The effectivity of CPP‐mediated delivery of the splice‐correcting AON‐intronic splicing enhancer (ISE) targeting the ISE in the castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC)‐derived 22Rv1, DuCaP, and VCaP cells was determined by measuring levels of AR‐V7 mRNA normalized to those of the human heterochromatin protein 1 binding protein 3 (HP1BP3). Western blot analysis was used to confirm AR‐V7 downregulation at a protein level. The cellular distribution of fluorescently labeled AON delivered by a CPP or a transfection reagent was determined through confocal laser scanning microscopy.

Results

The amphipathic and stearylated CPP PepFect 14 (PF14) showed higher uptake efficiency than arginine‐rich CPPs. Through adjustment of formulation parameters, concentration and incubation time, an optimal balance between carrier‐associated toxicity and delivery efficiency was found with a formulation consisting of an amino/phosphate ratio of 3, 0.35 μM AON concentration and 30 min incubation time of the cells with polyplexes. Cellular delivery of AON‐ISE directed against AR pre‐mRNA achieved significant downregulation of AR‐V7 by 50%, 37%, and 59% for 22Rv1, DuCaP, and VCaP cells, respectively, and reduced androgen‐independent cell proliferation of DuCaP and VCaP cells.

Conclusions

This proof‐of‐principle study constitutes the basis for further development of CPP‐mediated delivery of AONs for targeted therapy in prostate cancer.
Hydrogen Bond Shielding Effect for High‐Performance Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries
Authors: Sun Tianjiang , Zheng Shibing , Nian Qingshun , Tao Zhanliang
Published: January 2022

Manganese oxides are highly desirable for the cathode of rechargeable aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) owing to their low cost and high abundance. However, the terrible structure stability of manganese oxide limits its practical application. Here, it is demonstrated that the hydrogen‐bond shielding effect can improve the electrochemical performance of manganese oxide. Briefly, (NH4)0.125MnO2 (NHMO) is prepared by introducing NH4+ into the tunnel structure of α‐MnO2. The robust hydrogen bonds between N‐H and host O atoms can stabilize the lattice structure of α‐MnO2 and suppress the dissolution of Mn element. More importantly, it can also accelerate ions mobility kinetics by weakening the electrostatic interaction of host O atoms. Thus, the fabricated Zn||NHMO battery possesses impressive cycling life (99.5% of capacity retention over 10 000 cycles) and rate capability (109 mA h g–1 of discharge capacity at 6000 mA g–1). Comprehensive analyses reveal the essences of interfacial charge and bulk ions transfer. This finding opens new opportunities for the development of high‐performance AZIBs.
Estimation of strengths of hybrid FR‐SCC by using deep‐learning and support vector regression models
Authors: Kina Ceren , Turk Kazim , Tanyildizi Harun
Published: January 2022

In this work, to estimate the compressive, splitting tensile, and flexural strength of self‐compacting concrete (SCC) having single fiber and binary, ternary, and quaternary fiber hybridization, the deep‐learning (DL) and support vector regression (SVR) models were devised. The fiber content and coarse aggregate/total aggregate ratio (CA/TA) were the variables for 24 designed mixtures. Four different fibers, which were a macro steel fiber, two types of micro steel fibers with different aspect ratio, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber, were used in SCC mixtures. The specimens of each mixture were tested to measure the engineering properties for 7, 28, and 90 days. The amount of cement, fly ash, fine aggregate, CA, high‐range water‐reducing admixture, water, macro steel fiber, PVA fiber, two types of micro steel fibers, and curing time were selected as input layers while the output layers were strength results. The experimental results were compared with the estimation results. The engineering properties were estimated using the SVR model with 95.25%, 87.81%, and 93.89% accuracy, respectively. Furthermore, the DL model estimated compressive strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength with 99.27%, 98.59%, and 99.15% accuracy, respectively. It was found that the DL estimated the engineering properties of hybrid fiber–reinforced SCC with higher accuracy than SVR.
Novel Method for Estimating Furfural Content in Transformer Insulating Oil Using Spectroscopic Analysis and Pattern Recognition
Authors: Oshima Seiichirou , Suehara Ken‐ichiro , Hashimoto Atsushi , Nakamura Hisahide
Published: January 2022

The transformer is the most essential component in electrical power transmission. Once a transformer is installed, it is generally used for decades. When failure occurs in a transformer, serious problems can arise, and numerous electrical components that depend on the transformer may be affected. Thus, deterioration diagnosis of transformers is important. The furfural content in the insulating oil of a transformer is widely used as an indicator of transformer deterioration, as furfural is generated by decomposition of the insulating paper. Although the degree of transformer deterioration can be estimated by measuring the furfural content, this measurement is time‐consuming. This paper proposes a novel method for estimating the amount of furfural contained in insulating oil within a short time. The method is realized by combining spectroscopic analysis in the visible region with a pattern recognition technique. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through a series of experiments. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Fibroblastic reticular cells and type 3 innate lymphoid cells in Peyer’s patches: Target cell candidates for inulooligosaccharides in hochuekkito formula containing Atractylodis rhizoma
Authors: Maeda Takuya , Hosaka Haruna , Nakamura Yuki , Mawaribuchi Shuuji , Nagai Takayuki , Endo Mari , Ito Naoki , Kiyohara Hiroaki
Published: January 2022

Aim

Inulooligosaccharides in a Kampo formula, hochuekkito, have been shown to participate in the regulation of the pulmonary immune system. Difference in chain length distribution of the oligosaccharides strongly affects their immunopharmacological activities. This phenomenon cannot be explained by bifidogenic activity and/or short‐chain fatty acids produced by intestinal microflora from the oligosaccharides. Effects of intermediate‐size inulooligosaccharides, which have a similar chain length distribution as the oligosaccharides obtained from hochuekkito containing Atractylodis rhizoma, were analyzed on immunocompetent cells in Peyer’s patches.

Methods

Effect of intermediate‐size inulooligosaccharide preparation (degree of polymerization (d.p.) 3–15) on mRNA expression of genes of markers and functional molecules of stromal cells and type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) in Peyer’s patches was analyzed.

Results

Oral administration of intermediate‐size inulooligosaccharide preparation significantly up‐regulated expression of mRNAs of genes of not only marker molecules of fibroblastic reticular cells (FRC) and ILC3 but also immunological factors for positive and negative regulatory functions of FRC in addition to genes of auto‐immune regulator (AIRE), DEAF‐1 transcription factor, and some AIRE‐dependent tissue‐related antigens (TRA).

Conclusion

FRC and ILC3 are suggested to be target cell candidates in Peyer’s patches for inulooligosaccharides in hochuekkito formula containing Atractylodis rhizoma.
Using all our genomes: Blood‐based liquid biopsies for the early detection of cancer
Authors: Adams Eddie , Sepich‐Poore Gregory D. , Miller‐Montgomery Sandrine , Knight Rob
Published: January 2022

The pursuit of highly sensitive and specific cancer diagnostics based on cell‐free nucleic acids isolated from minimally invasive liquid biopsies has been an area of intense research and commercial effort for at least two decades. Most of these tests detect cancer‐specific mutations or epigenetic modifications on circulating DNA derived from tumor cells (ctDNA). Although recent FDA approvals of both single and multianalyte liquid biopsy companion diagnostic assays are proof of the tremendous progress made in this domain, using ctDNA for the diagnosis of early‐stage (stage I/II) cancers remains challenging due to several factors such as low mutational allele frequency in circulation, overlapping profiles in genomic alterations among diverse cancers, and clonal hematopoiesis. This review discusses these analytical challenges, interim solutions, and the opportunity to complement ctDNA diagnostics with microbiome‐aware analyses that may mitigate several existing ctDNA assay limitations.
Bioresponsive nanoplatforms for imaging and therapy of cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Li Chenwen , Wu Peng , Dou Yin , Li Qi , Zhang Jianxiang
Published: January 2022

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are still the first cause of death worldwide. Conventional small molecular diagnostic and therapeutic agents generally show limited in vivo detection sensitivity and efficacies, due to their non‐targeting distribution and/or low accumulation at diseased sites. New strategies are required to better address the unmet need for the management of CVDs. Bioresponsive nanoplatforms with excellent triggerable release profiles and desirable targeting capability have demonstrated intriguing prospects in detection, prevention, and therapy of CVDs. This review summarizes recent advances in bioresponsive nanoplatforms responsive to biochemical stimuli, such as pH, redox potential, reactive oxygen species, enzymes, and adenosine triphosphate. We highlight the applications of different bioresponsive nanoplatforms for imaging and therapy of typical CVDs, including myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, thrombosis, ischemic stroke, and heart failure. Finally, existing challenges and future perspectives are also discussed, with respect to the development and translation of bioresponsive nanoplatforms for CVDs.
Characterization of compositional particles in eye shadow powder by scanning electron microscope and X‐ray mapping
Authors: Kim Un‐Chol , Ju Kyong‐Sik , Yu Chol‐Jun , Kim Song‐Hui , Ri Su‐Pom
Published: January 2022

We developed an analysis method to evaluate the size and shape of particles of eye shadow cosmetics by applying the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with the energy‐dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Backscattered electron (BE) and X‐ray mapping images from the SEM‐EDS measurements were interpreted to identify the size and shape of powder particles according to different factors such as 9 size and 5 shape indices established in this work. By using the developed method, we could classify the inorganic and organic particles of the eye shadow powder by composition, which can contribute to improving the product quality.
Polder Politics Under Pressure: The Advisory Roles of Political Scientists in the Netherlands
Authors: Pattyn Valérie , Timmermans Arco
Published: January 2022

Political science in the Netherlands has a long tradition and a history of institutionalization. It developed as a broad discipline, together with public administration, and grew into separate research and education programmes. Does this segmented nature of political science appear in the external activities of those scholars concerned? Or is the overall consensus-style and neo-corporatist (‘polder’) advisory system in which political scientists are placed a more important determinant? What about developments in the policy advisory system itself, pressures on institutions and trends in the environment and their consequences for the supply and demand of scholarly political science advice? These are the central questions we examine in this chapter. We first present the development of the discipline in the country. Then we look at the main features and trends of the advisory system and the niche occupied by political scientists. As we will show on the basis of the survey results, political scientists in the Netherlands gauge their visibility and their social and political impact as relatively high, and a large majority of them engage in advisory activities. Our findings also highlight that the effects of the segmented structure of political science on the type of advisory role are relatively limited.
Removing Political Barriers to Engagement: The Advisory Roles of Political Scientists in Albania
Authors: Xhindi Nevila , Bino Blerjana
Published: January 2022

This chapter analyzes Albania’s policy advisory system focusing on the advisory roles of political scientists. Albania’s political science discipline is relatively new, as it has mainly developed since the turn of the century. After exploring how the policy development process happens and how different factors may hinder the demand for Albania’s policy advice, this chapter considers political scientists’ role within the national context. Political barriers limit the role of political scientists in the policy process. In general, Albanian political scientists do engage in policy advice, but not in a structured and well-organized way. Mostly it is informal and based on a network of connections. Also, in the Albanian system, they have little incentives for such engagement external to their university work. Political scientists engage in policy advice more with societal actors than directly with legislative or executive institutions and officials. Future research may include the demand side of policy advice to understand the role of political scientists better and provide clues for their future engagement.
Coping with a Closed and Politicized System: The Advisory Roles of Political Scientists in Hungary
Authors: Molnár Gábor Tamás
Published: January 2022

This chapter provides a first look at the policy advisory system of an illiberal-populist democracy, Hungary, asking how can we explain the low level of advisory engagement of Hungarian political scientists? and how can we apply our theoretical framework to describe the patterns of policy advisory activities of Hungarian political scientists? Based on an overview of Hungarian policymaking, we expect a closed, politicized policy advisory system dominated by the central government and its externalized structures of advice. Access is expected to be selective, based on personal connections. We find that policy advice is neither especially restricted nor incentivized by professional norms and academic career considerations, but there is a general lack of fit between knowledge demand from policymakers and traditional areas of political science. The decisive factor in explaining the low level of engagement in Hungary seems to be demand from the potential recipients and the selective access to the policymaking process. Advice is institutionalized outside of academia and the internal governmental arena, with (consulting) firm membership being the strongest predictor of advisory engagement and think tanks being the most frequent recipient. The advisory strategies observable are often highly informal, while those lacking personal connections utilize alternative, more formal means.
Navigating Deep Uncertainty in Complex Human–Water Systems
Authors: Pérez-Blanco C. D.
Published: January 2022

Complex human–water systems are deeply uncertain. Policymakers are not aware of all possible futures (deep uncertainty type 2), while the probability of those futures that can be identified ex-ante is typically unknown (deep uncertainty type 1). In this context, standard decision-making based on a complete probabilistic description of future conditions and optimization of expected performance is no longer appropriate; instead, priority should be given to robustness, through the identification of policies that are (i) insensitive to foreseeable changes in future conditions (classical robustness that addresses deep uncertainty type 1) and (ii) adaptive to unforeseen contingencies (adaptive robustness that addresses deep uncertainty type 2). This research surveys recent advances in (socio-)hydrology and (institutional) economics toward robust decision-making. Despite significant progress, integration among disciplines remains weak and allows only for a fractioned understanding and partial representation of uncertainty. To bridge this gap, I will argue that science needs to further underpin the development and integration of two pieces of ex-ante information: (1) a modeling hierarchy of human–water systems to assess policy performance under alternative scenarios and model settings, so as to navigate deep uncertainty type 1 and (2) a longitudinal accounting and analysis of public transaction costs to navigate deep uncertainty type 2.
Stress-Testing Adaptation Options
Authors: Wilby Robert L.
Published: January 2022

This technical contribution discusses ways of testing the performance of adaptation projects despite uncertainty about climate change. Robust decision making frameworks are recommended for evaluating project performance under a range of credible scenarios. Stress-testing options help to establish conditions under which there may be trade-offs between or even failure of project deliverables. Stress-tests may be undertaken for specified portfolios of management options, using models of the system being managed (including inputs and drivers of change), and then assessed against decision-relevant performance indicators with agreed options appraisal criteria. Field experiments and model simulations can be designed to test costs and benefits of adaptation measures. Simple rules may help to operationalize the findings of trials—such as ‘plant 1 km of trees along a headwater stream to cool summer water temperatures by 1 °C’. However, insights gained from field-based adaptation stress-testing are limited by the conditions experienced during the observation period. These may not be severe enough to represent extreme weather in the future. Model simulations overcome this constraint by applying credible climate changes within the virtual worlds of system models. Nonetheless, care must be taken to select meaningful change metrics and to represent plausible changes in boundary conditions for climate and non-climate pressures. All stress-testing should be accompanied by monitoring, evaluation and learning to benchmark benefits and confirm that expected outcomes are achieved.
An Introduction to Digital Face Manipulation
Authors: Tolosana Ruben , Vera-Rodriguez Ruben , Fierrez Julian , Morales Aythami , Ortega-Garcia Javier
Published: January 2022

Digital manipulation has become a thriving topic in the last few years, especially after the popularity of the term DeepFakes. This chapter introduces the prominent digital manipulations with special emphasis on the facial content due to their large number of possible applications. Specifically, we cover the principles of six types of digital face manipulations: (i) entire face synthesis, (ii) identity swap, (iii) face morphing, (iv) attribute manipulation, (v) expression swap (a.k.a. face reenactment or talking faces), and (vi) audio- and text-to-video. These six main types of face manipulation are well established by the research community, having received the most attention in the last few years. In addition, we highlight in this chapter publicly available databases and code for the generation of digital fake content.
Digital Face Manipulation in Biometric Systems
Authors: Ibsen Mathias , Rathgeb Christian , Fischer Daniel , Drozdowski Pawel , Busch Christoph
Published: January 2022

Biometric technologies, in particular facerecognition, are employed in many personal, commercial, and governmental identity management systems around the world. The processing of digitally manipulated face images within a face recognition system may lead to false decisions and thus decrease the reliability of the decision system. This necessitates the development of manipulation detection modules which can be seamlessly integrated into the processing chain of face recognition systems. This chapter discusses the impact of face image manipulation on face recognition technologies. To this end, the basic processes and key components of biometric systems are briefly introduced with particular emphasis on facial recognition. Additionally, face manipulation detection scenarios and concepts of how to integrate detection methods to face recognition systems are discussed. In an experimental evaluation, it is shown that different types of face manipulation, i.e. retouching, face morphing, and swapping, can significantly affect the biometric performance of face recognition systems and hence impair their security. Eventually, this chapter provides an outlook on issues and challenges that face manipulation poses to face recognition technologies.
Toward the Creation and Obstruction of DeepFakes
Authors: Li Yuezun , Sun Pu , Qi Honggang , Lyu Siwei
Published: January 2022

AI-synthesized face-swapping videos, commonly known as DeepFakes, is an emerging problem threatening the trustworthiness of online information. The need to develop and evaluate DeepFake detection algorithms calls for large-scale datasets. However, current DeepFake datasets suffer from low visual quality and do not resemble DeepFake videos circulated on the Internet. We present a new large-scale challenging DeepFake video dataset, Celeb-DF, which contains 5, 639 high-quality DeepFake videos of celebrities generated using an improved synthesis process. We conduct a comprehensive evaluation of DeepFake detection methods and datasets to demonstrate the escalated level of challenges posed by Celeb-DF. Then we introduce Landmark Breaker, the first dedicated method to disrupt facial landmark extraction, and apply it to the obstruction of the generation of DeepFake videos. The experiments are conducted on three state-of-the-art facial landmark extractors using our Celeb-DF dataset.
ANIMA Noise Platform and ANIMA Methodology: One-Stop Shop for Aviation Noise Management
Authors: Covrig Alexandra , Heyes G.
Published: January 2022

When you think about aviation noise, you might imagine an airplane taking off. When you think about decreasing aviation noise, the first thing that usually comes up in one’s mind are the new silent plane engines. This makes perfect sense, but it does not fully grasp the issue of aviation noise. The ANIMA project is based on a holistic approach to aviation noise, as it focuses on non-acoustical factors as well. Annoyance, as perceived by local communities surrounding airports, also depends on non-acoustical factors, which can be situational (time of the day, day of the week, activity performed while exposed to noise) and personal (sensitivity to noise, attitudes, noise insulation).
Noise Burden in Europe
Authors: Sainz Pardo Ana Garcia , Rajé Fiona
Published: January 2022

The consequences of noise on the health of the population, as well as the policies and measures that can be adopted to minimise the problem, are a growing concern in Europe. This is highlighted in the recent report prepared in 2020 by the European Environment Agency (EEA), Environmental noise in Europe report (ENER). The main aim of the chapter is to quantify the noise generated by air transport at the EU level and discuss the consequences that this can have on the health of the population exposed to it. The summary of results for air transport contained in the aforementioned report will be presented, as well as those that the EEA presents in more detail for each country in the EEA 2019 Noise country fact sheets (NCFS). All results are derived from the 3rd Environmental Noise Directive (END) round, reported in 2017 and based on 2016 annual traffic data.
Competing Agendas for Land-Use Around Airports
Authors: Rajé Fiona , Dimitriu Delia , Radulescu Dan , Burtea Narcisa , Hooper Paul
Published: January 2022

This chapter describes the core aspects of the land-use planning (LUP) element of the Balanced Approach (BA) by acknowledging the potential of effective LUP as one of the few anticipatory tools available to manage noise. It explores the planning shortcomings that fail to stop encroachment and, thus, the need for remedial mitigation actions such as sound insulation, compensation and buy-out. It goes on to outline core future challenges and steps to develop a better spatial understanding of noise through improved understanding of people’s soundscapes (e.g. via the ANIMA app). To illustrate how LUP challenges can be addressed, the chapter also presents case studies from Iasi Airport and on insulation campaigns, in Marseille and Heathrow respectively. It concludes with an exploration of the lessons that can be taken from LUP experience and examines how more comprehensive communication and engagement with key stakeholders underpins more effective application of planning tools.
Impact of Aircraft Noise on Health
Authors: Benz Sarah , Kuhlmann Julia , Jeram Sonja , Bartels Susanne , Ohlenforst Barbara , Schreckenberg Dirk
Published: January 2022

Aircraft noise exposure is an environmental stressor and has been linked to various adverse health outcomes, such as annoyance, sleep disturbance, and cardiovascular diseases. Aircraft noise can trigger both psychological (annoyance and disturbance) and physiological stress responses (e.g. activation of the cardiovascular system and release of stress hormones). People are usually able to deal with this kind of stressor. However, a constant exposure to aircraft noise can cause a continuous state of stress. This in turn can constrain a person’s ability to regenerate and restore its resources to cope with the noise situation. As a consequence, the risk for certain negative health outcomes can be increased. Within the ANIMA project, literature reviews on the effects of aircraft noise on health outcomes have been performed. This chapter gives an overview of the relevant health outcomes affected by aircraft noise and summarises the results of different reviews and studies on these outcomes. Additionally, the underlying mechanisms of how noise impacts health are explained for daytime as well as night-time aircraft noise exposure (i.e. while sleeping). Further, the relevance of considering not only the general population, but vulnerable groups as well (such as children and elderly people) is described. Lastly, open questions for further studies are presented and discussed.
Engaging Communities in the Hard Quest for Consensus
Authors: Heyes G. , Hauptvogel D. , Benz S. , Schreckenberg D. , Hooper P. , Aalmoes R.
Published: January 2022

Mistrust, negative attitudes and the expectation of not having any voice against airport authorities can considerably impact on the perception of aircraft noise exposure, lead to increased annoyance and can even influence sleep quality of the noise affected residents. As a result, quality of life can reasonably be assumed to be reduced. This chapter focuses on measures to engage airport communities in aviation-related decision making by improving the information and communication of airports in order to enhance residents’ ‘competence’ and also trust in the airport noise authorities. The role of non-acoustical factors, including aviation-related media coverage in this process, is discussed and results from a media coverage analysis conducted in the ANIMA project are presented. Based on research on perceived fairness in communication, recommendations are given as to how to communicate and engage residents with the aim of building a neighbourly relationship between airport authorities and residents on an even footing and, thus, enable an improved exchange leading to deeper understanding and comprehension by both parties. Results from the ANIMA review on airport management strategies (including communication and engagement aspects) of several European airports are presented and conclusions are drawn about what characterises good (or bad) communication and community engagement strategies for the purpose of a neighbourly relationship between the airport and its residents.
Research Design, Cases and Methodology
Authors: Schweitzer Reinhard
Published: January 2022

This chapter briefly describes my double-comarative research design and methodological approach and disusses the main challenges and necessary ethical considerations for researching migrant irregularity.
Migrant Irregularity in Britain and Spain, London and Barcelona
Authors: Schweitzer Reinhard
Published: January 2022

This chapter provides the necessary context for my comparative analysis. It first discusses the distinctive roles that the most common (state) responses to migrant irregularity – deportation, regularisation and internal control – are playing in the UK and Spain. Then it looks at more localised responses to migrant irregularity and its control that can be identified at the level of cities (and specifically in London and Barcelona) and in relation to the British and Spanish welfare systems.
Managing Irregularity Through the Provision of Public Healthcare
Authors: Schweitzer Reinhard
Published: January 2022

This chapter applies the conceptual and analytical frameworks to the institutional sphere of healthcare and thereby draws systematic comparisons between the two national and local contexts. First, I closely examine the relevant laws and policies enacted at various administrative levels as well as local implementation practices, by drawing on relevant documents and the original accounts of my interview respondents. This allows me to map the various ethical concerns, practical difficulties and organisational conflicts that either migrant irregularity itself, or the internalisation of its control, creates for individual healthcare workers and the institutions they work for. At the end of the chapter, and with the help of my analytical framework, I summarise the main differences between the two contexts in terms of how they position the various categories of workers in relation to migrant irregularity and its control.
Kondo line defects and affine Gaudin models
Authors: Gaiotto Davide , Lee Ji Hoon , Vicedo Benoît , Wu Jingxiang
Published: January 2022

Abstract

We describe the relation between integrable Kondo problems in products of chiral SU(2) WZW models and affine SU(2) Gaudin models. We propose a full ODE/IM solution of the spectral problem for these models.
Edge-glued wooden panel defect detection using deep learning
Authors: Chen Lun-Chi , Pardeshi Mayuresh Sunil , Lo Win-Tsung , Sheu Ruey-Kai , Pai Kai-Chih , Chen Chia-Yu , Tsai Pei-Yu , Tsai Yueh-Tiann
Published: January 2022

The wood-based furniture manufacturing industries prioritize quality of production to meet higher market demands. Identifying various types of edge-glued wooden panel defects are a challenge for a human worker or a camera. Several studies have shown that the detection of edge-glued defects with low, high, normal, overlong, short is identified but detection of residue and bluntness is highly challenging. Thus, the present model identifies defects of low, high, normal, overlong, short by computer vision and/or deep learning, whereas defects of residue and bluntness by deep learning based decide by pass for having better performance. The goal of this paper is to provide an improved defect detection solution for wood-based furniture manufacturing industries by process automation. Therefore, a system was designed that takes defect input images from a camera as raw image and laser-aligned image for defect detection of the edge-glued wooden panel. The process automation then performs computer vision-based image features extraction with deep learning for defect detection. The aim of this paper is to solve edge-glued defect detection problems by using design and implementation of edge-glued wooden defect detection, that can be stated as edge-glued wooden panel defect detection using deep learning (WDD-DL) for process automation by artificial intelligence and Automated Optical Inspection (AOI) consolidation. Possibly there exist several types of defects on the edges while edge-banding on the wooden panel in furniture manufacturing. Therefore, the scope is to achieve higher accuracy by raw image and laser-aligned image feature extraction using deep learning algorithms for final result defect classification in WDD-DL by AOI. The WDD-DL system uses Gabor, Harris corner, morphology, structured light detection and curvature calculation for pre-processing and InceptionResnetV2 Convolutional Neural Network algorithm to attain the best results. The applications of this work can be found in quality control of the furniture manufacturing industry for an edge, corner, joint defect detection of the wooden panels. The WDD-DL achieves best results as the precision, recall and F1 score are 0.97, 0.90 and 0.92, respectively. The experiments demonstrate higher accuracy achievement as compared to other methods with overkill and escape rate analysis. Ultimately, the discussion section provides an interesting experience sharing about the necessary factors for implementing the WDD-DL in real-time industrial operations.
Iron Age plant subsistence in the Inner Congo Basin (DR Congo)
Authors: Neumann Katharina , Eichhorn Barbara , Wotzka Hans-Peter
Published: January 2022

Around 400bc, pottery- and iron-producing populations immigrated into the Inner Congo Basin (ICB) and subsequently spread upstream some major tributaries of the Congo River. Until recently, their subsistence was almost completely unknown. We present an archaeobotanical study of three sites in the ICB covering parts of the Early Iron Age (ca. 400bc-ad650) and of the Late Iron Age (LIA) as well as subrecent times (ca.ad1300–2000). We studied 82 flotated samples of botanical macroremains, and 68 soil phytolith samples, recovered from the terra firmesites Iyonda and Mbandaka, and the floodplain fishing camp site of Bolondo. The EIA assemblage from Iyonda yielded domesticatedCenchrus americanus(pearl millet),Vigna unguiculata(cowpea),Canarium schweinfurthii,Elaeis guineensis(oil palm), several wild plants, and parenchyma fragments tentatively attributed toDioscoreasp. (yams). The exploitation of these plants originated in the savannas and forest-savanna ecotones of West Africa. The presence ofC. americanusin LIA contexts at Bolondo and Mbandaka, dated to ca.ad1350–1550, indicates that its cultivation is not dependent on a seasonal climate with a distinct dry season, contrary to previous views. The role ofC. americanusas a staple is difficult to assess; it might have been used for special purposes, e.g. beer brewing. In spite of extensive screening, we did not detect any banana phytoliths in the EIA samples.Musaphytoliths were only present in LIA contexts after ca.ad1400, leaving room for the possibility that the introduction and spread ofMusa spp. AAB ‘Plantain’ in the ICB was a late phenomenon.
Left renal vein graft and in situ hepatic perfusion in hepatectomy for complete tumor invasion of hepatic veins: hemodynamic optimization and surgical technique
Authors: Lopez-Lopez Víctor , Garcia-Lopez Jose , Eshmuminov Dilmurodjon , Brusadin Roberto , Lopez-Conesa Asunción , Martinez-Insfran Luis , Fernández-Fernández Pedro , Robles-Campos Ricardo
Published: January 2022

Purpose

Assessing hepatic vein reconstruction using a left renal vein graft and in situ hypothermic liver perfusion in an extended liver resection.

Methods

Patients included in this study were those with liver tumors undergoing curative surgery with resection and reconstruction of hepatic veins. Hepatic vein was reconstructed using a left renal vein graft. We describe the technical aspects of liver resection and vascular reconstruction, the key aspects of hemodynamic management, and the use of in situ hypothermic liver preservations during liver transection (prior to and during vascular clamping).

Results

The right hepatic vein was reconstructed with a median left renal venal graft length of 4.5 cm (IQR, 3.1–5.2). Creatinine levels remained within normal limits in the immediate postoperative phase and during follow-up. Median blood loss was 500 ml (IQR, 300–1500) and in situ perfusion with cold ischemia was 67 min (IQR, 60.5–77.5). The grafts remained patent during the follow-up with no signs of thrombosis. No major postoperative complications were observed.

Conclusion

Left renal vein graft for the reconstruction of a hepatic vein and in situ hypothermic liver perfusion are feasible during extended liver resection.
Koordination von Raumplanung und Wasserbau als wesentlicher Bestandteil des Hochwasserrisikomanagements
Authors: Seher Walter , Neuhold Clemens
Published: January 2022

Als Folge der Umsetzung der EU-Hochwasserrichtlinie haben flächen- und raumbezogene Aspekte im Hochwasserrisikomanagement an Bedeutung gewonnen. Dadurch und durch Herausforderungen wie die hohe Flächeninanspruchnahme für Bauland und Verkehrsflächen erhöht sich der Koordinationsbedarf zwischen Raumplanung und Wasserbau. Die ÖROK-Empfehlungen Nr. 57 „Hochwasserrisikomanagement“ tragen diesem Umstand Rechnung und geben als Ergebnis einer inhaltlichen Abstimmung zwischen Raumplanungs- und Wasserbauakteuren Leitlinien für den Umgang mit Hochwassergefahren und Hochwasserrisiken in der Raumplanung vor. Der vorliegende Beitrag nimmt diese ÖROK-Empfehlungen als Grundlage und legt den Schwerpunkt auf jene Empfehlungen, die direkt auf die Koordination der überörtlichen bzw. örtlichen Raumplanung mit dem Wasserbau abzielen. Im Zusammenhang mit der empfohlenen Berücksichtigung von Hochwasserabfluss- und Hochwasserrückhalteflächen in den Instrumenten der überörtlichen Raumplanung ist besonders die inhaltliche Abstimmung zwischen Raumplanung und Wasserbau gefordert, um die Freihaltung dieser Flächen als Anliegen der Regionalplanung in den Raumordnungsgesetzen zu verankern. Die Berücksichtigung von Gebieten mit Überflutung hoher und mittlerer Wahrscheinlichkeit in der örtlichen Raumplanung ist teils in den Raumordnungsgesetzen mit Bezug zu bestimmten Grenzwerten der Gefährdung festgelegt, teils gewährleistet die administrative Koordination zwischen den Gemeinden und den wasserbaulichen Fachdiensten im Raumordnungsverfahren eine standardisierte Vorgehensweise bei der Gefahrenbeurteilung. Von großer Bedeutung ist die administrative Koordination von Raumplanung und Wasserbau auch im Umgang mit gewidmetem Bauland in Zonen mit mittlerer Überflutungswahrscheinlichkeit und bei pluvialen Hochwassergefahren sowie bei Nutzungsentscheidungen in Hochwasserabflussbereichen mit geringer Eintrittswahrscheinlichkeit und Restrisikogebieten, wo im Raumordnungsrecht nur vereinzelt normative Vorgaben bestehen.
Enhanced loaded tooth contact analysis of hypoid gears within a multi-body-system simulation
Authors: Wagner Wolf , Schumann Stefan , Schlecht Berthold
Published: January 2022

To calculate the load capacity of gear stages within complex drivetrains under varying external loads, multi-body-systems (MBS) are used to simulate the vibrational behaviour of integral systems. In order to model a flexible hypoid gear stage, methods like the modal reduction of FEM-models were already introduced. However, the modelling of such systems is complex, challenging and sensitive to its discretisation. The co-simulation within a multi-body-system simulation offers the possibility to outsource the calculation of the tooth contact and therefore the reaction forces under consideration of friction. This leads to a simplification and an improvement of the modelling of gear stages in multi-body-systems.

The further developed co-simulation module offers a compromise between computational speeds and exact solutions. To improve the quality of the results and reduce the calculation time the load distribution calculation is investigated specifically. The article describes a method to reduce fluctuations of computed reaction forces and moments during gear movement. The aim is to keep the level of fluctuations of a high contact zone discretisation with a significant smaller contact point count.
Effect of clouds on emission spectra for super Venus
Authors: Wolkenberg Paulina , Turrini Diego
Published: January 2022

We report a model study on the effects of clouds on emission spectra of super-Venus planets. Our goal is to assess possible ways to identify characteristic spectral features due to clouds. We show that it is possible to distinguish an impact of H2SO4 clouds on the CO2 absorption band at 4.8 μm for temperature profiles with and without a thermal inversion. The thermal inversion can help to distinguish the signal from high altitude clouds (85 km, ∼1 mbar). Featureless emission spectra are found for high altitude clouds (85 km, ∼1 mbar) with temperature profile without thermal inversion. More spectral features appear in the emission spectra with decreasing cloud top altitudes. The compactness of clouds has an inverse effect on emission spectra than cloud top altitudes. Small cloud scale heights reduce the signal and the CO2 absorption bands become flat.
The potential effects of climate change on the populations of Aedes punctor (Diptera: Culicidae) in Hungary
Authors: Trájer Attila J.
Published: January 2022

In Hungary, the boreal-alpine mosquitoAedes punctorhas a disjunct distribution limited to the Hungarian mid-mountains. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential effect of global warming on the future (2041–2060 and 2061–2080) climatic suitability for the mosquito in Hungary. The results indicate the heterogeneous, but in general, the negative effect of climate change on the distribution area ofAedes punctorin this region. The models predict the total loss of mosquito habitat in the Transdanubian mountain ranges (Bakony-Balaton and Mecsek Mts.) for 2061–2080. In the North Hungarian Mountains (in the Mátra Mts.), climatic alterations may result in the habitat contraction, but not total disappearance of the climatically suitable areas forAedes punctorat higher elevations of mountain ranges. It can be concluded that climate change can cause the altitudinal shift of the suitable habitats and the range-contraction of Hungarian middle mountains-inhabiting populations of the mosquito in Hungary in the second half of the twenty-first century assuming that the future climatic needs of the species would remain the same as at present.
Hardware Implementation of a Fixed-Point Decoder for Low-Density Lattice Codes
Authors: Srivastava Rachna , Gaudet Vincent C. , Mitran Patrick
Published: January 2022

This paper describes a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) implementation of a fixed-point low-density lattice code (LDLC) decoder where the Gaussian mixture messages that are exchanged during the iterative decoding process are approximated to a single Gaussian. A detailed quantization study is first performed to find the minimum number of bits required for the fixed-point decoder to attain a frame error rate (FER) performance similar to floating-point. Then efficient numerical methods are devised to approximate the required non-linear functions. Finally, the paper presents a comparison of the performance of the different decoder architectures as well as a detailed analysis of the resource requirements and throughput trade-offs of the primary design blocks for the different architectures. A novel pipelined LDLC decoder architecture is proposed where resource re-utilization along with pipelining allows for a parallelism equivalent to 50 variable nodes on the target FPGA device. The pipelined architecture attains a throughput of 10.5 Msymbols/sec at a distance of 5 dB from capacity which is a 1.8$$\times$$
×
improvement in throughput compared to an implementation with 20 parallel variable nodes without pipelining. This implementation also achieves 24$$\times$$
×
improvement in throughput over a baseline serial decoder.