bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk coefficient model of necroptosis-related lncRNA in predicting the prognosis of patients with lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Chen HuiWei , Xie Zhimin , Li QingZhu , Qu GenYi , Tan NianXi , Zhang YuLong
Published: June 2022

Model algorithms were used in constructing the risk coefficient model of necroptosis-related long non-coding RNA in identifying novel potential biomarkers in the prediction of the sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents and prognosis of patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Clinic and transcriptomic data of LUAD were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Differently expressed necroptosis-related long non-coding RNAs got identified by performing both the univariate and co-expression Cox regression analyses. Subsequently, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator technique was adopted in constructing the nrlncRNA model. We made a comparison of the areas under the curve, did the count of the values of Akaike information criterion of 1-year, 2-year, as well as 3-year receiver operating characteristic curves, after which the cut-off value was determined for the construction of an optimal model to be used in identifying high risk and low risk patients. Genes, tumor-infiltrating immune cells, clinical correlation analysis, and chemotherapeutic agents data of both the high-risk and low-risk subgroups were also performed. We identified 26 DEnrlncRNA pairs, which were involved in the Cox regression model constructed. The curve areas under survival periods of 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years of patients with LUAD were 0.834, 0.790, and 0.821, respectively. The cut-off value set was 2.031, which was used in the identification of either the high-risk or low-risk patients. Poor outcomes were observed in patients belonging to the high-risk group. The risk score was the independent predictor of the LUAD outcome (p < 0.001). The expression levels of immune checkpoint and infiltration of specific immune cells were anticipated by the gene risk model. The high-risk group was found to be highly sensitive to docetaxel, erlotinib, cisplatin, and paclitaxel. The model established through nrlncRNA pairs irrespective of the levels of expression could give a prediction on the LUAD patients’ prognosis and assist in identifying the patients who might gain more benefit from chemotherapeutic agents.
Seasonal variations of the relationships between measures of training monotony and strain in professional soccer players
Authors: Nobari Hadi , Martins Alexandre Duarte , Oliveira Rafael , Ardigò Luca Paolo
Published: June 2022

The purposes of this study were (a) to determine the variations in internal and external measures of training monotony (TM) and strain (TS) in professional soccer players according to periods of the season and playing positions, and (b) to analyze the relationships between internal and external measures of TM and TS. Twenty male professional players (age = 29.4 ± 4.4 years) were followed for 20 weeks through session rating of perceived exertion (s-RPE), total distance (TD), high-speed running distance (HSRD) and sprint distance (SpD). Regardless of measure, highest mean TM and TS scores were observed in mid-season and end-season. In general, wingers and strikers tended to have greater values in TM. Midfielders exhibited greater TS of TD and SpD. Correlation results for TM revealed that s-RPE was positively associated with SpD in early-season (r = 0.608) and negatively associated in mid-season (r = − 0.506). Regarding the TS, result demonstrated that s-RPE is negatively associated with HSRD in early-season (r = − 0.464) and positively associated in mid-season (r = 0.476). In general, there different meanings in correlations between internal and external measures across the season. On the one hand, our findings highlighted that TM and TS of professional soccer players is sensitive to period of the season and player’s position, but on other hand, correlation analyses proved that changes in one external/internal measure does not cause changes in another external/internal measure which support the constant monitoring of these values across the season.
Six genetically linked mutations in the CD36 gene significantly delay the onset of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Šerý Omar , Zeman Tomáš , Sheardová Kateřina , Vyhnálek Martin , Marková Hana , Laczó Jan , Lochman Jan , Kralik Petr , Vrzalová Kamila , Dziedzinska Radka , Balcar Vladimir J. , Hort Jakub
Published: June 2022

The risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has a strong genetic component, also in the case of late-onset AD (LOAD). Attempts to sequence whole genome in large populations of subjects have identified only a few mutations common to most of the patients with AD. Targeting smaller well-characterized groups of subjects where specific genetic variations in selected genes could be related to precisely defined psychological traits typical of dementia is needed to better understand the heritability of AD. More than one thousand participants, categorized according to cognitive deficits, were assessed using 14 psychometric tests evaluating performance in five cognitive domains (attention/working memory, memory, language, executive functions, visuospatial functions). CD36 was selected as a gene previously shown to be implicated in the etiology of AD. A total of 174 polymorphisms were tested for associations with cognition-related traits and other AD-relevant data using the next generation sequencing. Several associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP’s) and the cognitive deficits have been found (rs12667404 with language performance, rs3211827 and rs41272372 with executive functions, rs137984792 with visuospatial performance). The most prominent association was found between a group of genotypes in six genetically linked and the age at which the AD patients presented with, or developed, a full-blown dementia. The identified alleles appear to be associated with a delay in the onset of LOAD. In silico studies suggested that the SNP’s alter the expression of CD36 thus potentially affecting CD36-related neuroinflammation and other molecular and cellular mechanisms known to be involved in the neuronal loss leading to AD. The main outcome of the study is an identification of a set of six new mutations apparently conferring a distinct protection against AD and delaying the onset by about 8 years. Additional mutations in CD36 associated with certain traits characteristic of the cognitive decline in AD have also been found.
PALB2 or BARD1 loss confers homologous recombination deficiency and PARP inhibitor sensitivity in prostate cancer
Authors: Dillon Kasia M. , Bekele Raie T. , Sztupinszki Zsofia , Hanlon Timothy , Rafiei Shahrzad , Szallasi Zoltan , Choudhury Atish D. , Mouw Kent W.
Published: June 2022

PARP inhibitors were recently approved for treatment of molecularly-defined subsets of metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients. Although the PARP inhibitor olaparib was approved for use in patients with a mutation in one of fourteen genes, the mutation frequency of the genes varies widely in mCRPC and the impact of the less commonly altered genes on PARP inhibitor sensitivity is uncertain. We used functional approaches to directly test the impact of PALB2 and BARD1 loss on homologous recombination (HR) function and PARP inhibitor sensitivity in prostate cancer cell lines. PALB2 or BARD1 loss led to decreased HR function as measured by loss of radiation-induced Rad51 foci formation as well as decreased HR capacity in a cell-based reporter assay. PALB2 or BARD1 loss also significantly increased sensitivity to the PARP inhibitors olaparib and rucaparib across a panel of prostate cancer cell lines. These data support PALB2 and BARD1 loss as markers of clinically relevant PARP inhibitor sensitivity and highlight the potential to use functional approaches to complement and extend findings from clinical trials of targeted agents.
A systematic review of engagement reporting in remote measurement studies for health symptom tracking
Authors: White Katie M. , Williamson Charlotte , Bergou Nicol , Oetzmann Carolin , de Angel Valeria , Matcham Faith , Henderson Claire , Hotopf Matthew
Published: June 2022

Remote Measurement Technologies (RMTs) could revolutionise management of chronic health conditions by providing real-time symptom tracking. However, the promise of RMTs relies on user engagement, which at present is variably reported in the field. This review aimed to synthesise the RMT literature to identify how and to what extent engagement is defined, measured, and reported, and to present recommendations for the standardisation of future work. Seven databases (Embase, MEDLINE and PsycINFO (via Ovid), PubMed, IEEE Xplore, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) were searched in July 2020 for papers using RMT apps for symptom monitoring in adults with a health condition, prompting users to track at least three times during the study period. Data were synthesised using critical interpretive synthesis. A total of 76 papers met the inclusion criteria. Sixty five percent of papers did not include a definition of engagement. Thirty five percent included both a definition and measurement of engagement. Four synthetic constructs were developed for measuring engagement: (i) engagement with the research protocol, (ii) objective RMT engagement, (iii) subjective RMT engagement, and (iv) interactions between objective and subjective RMT engagement. The field is currently impeded by incoherent measures and a lack of consideration for engagement definitions. A process for implementing the reporting of engagement in study design is presented, alongside a framework for definition and measurement options available. Future work should consider engagement with RMTs as distinct from the wider eHealth literature, and measure objective versus subjective RMT engagement.

Registration: This review has been registered on PROSPERO [CRD42020192652].
An imaging flow cytometry-based methodology for the analysis of single extracellular vesicles in unprocessed human plasma
Authors: Woud Wouter W. , van der Pol Edwin , Mul Erik , Hoogduijn Martin J. , Baan Carla C. , Boer Karin , Merino Ana
Published: June 2022

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are tissue-specific particles released by cells containing valuable diagnostic information in the form of various biomolecules. To rule out selection bias or introduction of artefacts caused by EV isolation techniques, we present a clinically feasible, imaging flow cytometry (IFCM)–based methodology to phenotype and determine the concentration of EVs with a diameter ≤400 nm in human platelet-poor plasma (PPP) without prior isolation of EVs. Instrument calibration (both size and fluorescence) were performed with commercial polystyrene beads. Detergent treatment of EVs was performed to discriminate true vesicular events from artefacts. Using a combination of markers (CFSE & Tetraspanins, or CD9 & CD31) we found that >90% of double-positive fluorescent events represented single EVs. Through this work, we provide a framework that will allow the application of IFCM for EV analysis in peripheral blood plasma in a plethora of experimental and potentially diagnostic settings. Additionally, this direct approach for EV analysis will enable researchers to explore corners of EVs as cellular messengers in healthy and pathological conditions.
Xtrapol8 enables automatic elucidation of low-occupancy intermediate-states in crystallographic studies
Authors: De Zitter Elke , Coquelle Nicolas , Oeser Paula , Barends Thomas R. M. , Colletier Jacques-Philippe
Published: June 2022

Unstable states studied in kinetic, time-resolved and ligand-based crystallography are often characterized by a low occupancy, which hinders structure determination by conventional methods. To automatically extract structural information pertaining to these states, we developed Xtrapol8, a program which (i) applies various flavors of Bayesian-statistics weighting to generate the most informative Fourier difference maps; (ii) determines the occupancy of the intermediate states by use of methods hitherto not available; (iii) calculates extrapolated structure factors using the various proposed formalisms while handling the issue of negative structure factor amplitudes, and (iv) refines the corresponding structures in real and reciprocal-space. The use of Xtrapol8 could accelerate data processing in kinetic and time-resolved crystallographic studies, and as well foster the identification of drug-targetable states in ligand-based crystallography.
LKB1 is the gatekeeper of carotid body chemosensing and the hypoxic ventilatory response
Authors: MacMillan Sandy , Holmes Andrew P. , Dallas Mark L. , Mahmoud Amira D. , Shipston Michael J. , Peers Chris , Hardie D. Grahame , Kumar Prem , Evans A. Mark
Published: June 2022

The hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) is critical to breathing and thus oxygen supply to the body and is primarily mediated by the carotid bodies. Here we reveal that carotid body afferent discharge during hypoxia and hypercapnia is determined by the expression of Liver Kinase B1 (LKB1), the principal kinase that activates the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) during metabolic stresses. Conversely, conditional deletion in catecholaminergic cells of AMPK had no effect on carotid body responses to hypoxia or hypercapnia. By contrast, the HVR was attenuated by LKB1 and AMPK deletion. However, in LKB1 knockouts hypoxia evoked hypoventilation, apnoea and Cheyne-Stokes-like breathing, while only hypoventilation and apnoea were observed after AMPK deletion. We therefore identify LKB1 as an essential regulator of carotid body chemosensing and uncover a divergence in dependency on LKB1 and AMPK between the carotid body on one hand and the HVR on the other.
Nanoscale light field imaging with graphene
Authors: Yu Tongcheng , Rodriguez Francisco , Schedin Fred , Kravets Vasyl G. , Zenin Vladimir A. , Bozhevolnyi Sergey I. , Novoselov Konstantin S. , Grigorenko Alexander N.
Published: June 2022

Modern nano-optics and nanophotonics rely heavily on the precise formation of nanostructured light fields. Accurate and deterministic light field formation and characterization are indispensable for device operation as well as for revealing the underlying physical mechanisms involved. Despite a significant progress made in detection of scattered light with extremely high precision down to 1 nm resolution, there are only a limited number of techniques for direct subwavelength light mapping which do not rely on measurements of light scattering, fluorescence, or non-linear light conversion. Hence, techniques for direct conversion of light to electrical signals with precise and non-destructive imaging of nanoscale light would be of great benefit. Here, we report a nanoscale light field imaging approach based on photodetection with a p-n junction that is induced and moved inside a graphene probe by gate voltage, formed by a set of external electrodes. The spatial resolution of this electrical scanning technique is determined by p-n junction width, reaching ~ 20 nm. The developed approach is demonstrated with mapping the electric field distribution of a plasmonic slot-waveguide at telecom wavelengths. Our method provides a non-invasive nanoscale light field imaging that ensures extremely high spatial resolution and precision.
Provision of social support and mental health in U.S. military veterans
Authors: Na Peter J. , Tsai Jack , Southwick Steven M. , Pietrzak Robert H.
Published: June 2022

While social support has been linked to better health, most research has focused on the receipt of social support. In this study, we evaluated associations between provided support and mental health in a nationally representative cohort of 4069 US veterans. The majority (60–72%) of veterans reported providing support on a consistent basis. Veterans who scored higher on certain aspects of personality (i.e., agreeableness, conscientiousness, and extraversion) and received greater support were more likely to provide support. Further, each standard deviation increase in provided support was independently associated with 22–32% reduced odds of internalizing psychiatric disorders and suicidal ideation, and veterans who scored higher on both provided and received support had 3.5- to 14-fold lower odds of these outcomes relative to those with high received support but low provided support. Results suggest that interventions to promote the provision of support may help mitigate risk for adverse mental health outcomes in veterans.
Nanochemistry for Chemistry Educators
Authors: Much Riam Abu , Winkelmann Kurt , Hugerat Muhamad
Published: June 2022

For the first time, this book sets out ways to teach the science of nanochemistry at a level suitable for pre-service and in-service teachers in middle and secondary school. The authors draw upon peer-reviewed science education literature for experiments, activities, educational research, and methods of teaching the subject.

The book starts with an overview of chemical nanotechnology, including definition of the basic concepts in nanoscience, properties, types of nanostructured materials, synthesis, characterization, and applications. It includes examples of how nanochemistry impacts our daily lives. This theoretical background is an address for teachers even if they do not have enough information about the subject of nanoscale science. Subsequent chapters present best practices for presenting the material to students in a way that improves their attitudes and knowledge toward nanochemistry and STEM subjects in general. The final chapter includes experiments designed for middle and high school students.

From basic science through to current and near-future developments for applications of nanomaterials and nanostructures in medicine, electronics, energy, and the environment, users of the book will find a wealth of ideas to convey nanochemistry in an engaging way to students.
Origin of the Universe and Planetary Systems
Authors: Kubik B. , Karska A. , Opitom C.
Published: June 2022

The first light elements and molecules formed in the early Universe shortly after the Big Bang. Once the first stars and galaxies emerged from the initial chemically poor environment, they started to contribute elements heavier than hydrogen and helium to the interstellar medium. Since then, a chain of chemical and physical processes has led to the formation of a variety of molecules in star forming regions within which new generations of stars are forming continuously. Finally, planetary systems with an incredible diversity are formed, incorporating material from the interstellar medium and molecular clouds. The various stages leading to the formation of stars and planetary systems leave imprints on the molecular content and abundances of gas and ices, which provide a way to trace this rich history. The diversity of physical and chemical processes through the lifetime of the Universe eventually led to the formation of habitable planets, complex molecules, and the emergence of life on Earth.
Prebiotic Condensing Agents
Authors: Fiore Michele
Published: June 2022

Cyanamide and its derivatives and condensed polyphosphates probably acted as condensing agents promoting the non-enzymatic synthesis and polymerization of several biotic molecules: amphiphiles, peptides and nucleic acids, on an early Earth. This book chapter briefly summarizes the roles of condensing agents with attention to their prebiotic chemical origins and their role as fundamental bricks for biotic molecules' origins.
Soft Matter Science in Prebiotic Chemistry and the Origins of Life
Authors: Li Weihao , Kee Terence P. , Chandru Kuhan
Published: June 2022

Prebiotic chemistry often focuses on the presumed re-construction of biomolecules, biopolymers, and subsequent assemblies, which are common to contemporary biological cells. Considerable effort is given to building such molecules within some sort of cellular (or rather proto-cellular) environment to provide a molecular context to explain the Origins of Life (OoL). While this is indeed logical, it can overlook the fact that prebiotic chemistry produces much chemistry that may have limited relevance to the emergence of biological organisms. Recently, prebiotic chemists have sharpened their focus on behaviours of chemical compounds that may have played a potentially valuable role in pre-biology, but which do not necessarily involve specific molecules that are used by contemporary biochemistry. The view is that some primitive systems, unlike those we can infer from present-day life, may have played a role in the development of living systems, or perhaps have acted to scaffold primitive living systems towards biological life-as-we-know-it. In this review, we will start by summarising some of the inherent problems in prebiotic chemistry which result from adopting a contemporary biology-centric approach, provide a brief overview of non-biological chemistry published to date in relation to abiogenesis, and emphasise how soft-matter science may have a potential role in OoL studies.
How did the Proteome Emerge From Pre-biotic Chemistry?
Authors: Carter Jr Charles W.
Published: June 2022

Translation increases the functional diversity of genes by an estimated 6–9 orders of magnitude by converting the linear succession of bases or triplet codons into three-dimensional structures with extraordinary differential binding affinities. The origin of processive codon-dependent peptide bond formation thus provided an extraordinary increase in diversity and precision for nanoscale chemical engineering and control. The proteome is thus, arguably, nature's most majestic invention. Understanding how this invention came about is one of the most significant challenges now facing biology. The past decade has uncovered plausible answers to four questions associated with what enabled biological phenotypes to first separate from genotypes and framed an experimental basis for addressing a fifth. I summarize these developments in this chapter and assess how they help place previous contributions to the evolutionary pre-history of the proteome on a sound experimental footing.
Toward Evolution in Chemical Reaction Networks
Authors: Ameta S. , Blokhuis A. , Jeancolas C. , Nghe P.
Published: June 2022

Chemical reaction networks are central to abiogenesis, from the synthesis of chemical building blocks to the appearance of genetic systems and protocells. Evolutionary mechanisms provide means by which complexity and functionality can build up during the origin of life. However, building a physical-chemical system that can evolve has not yet been achieved. In this chapter, we review experimental efforts and corresponding theories toward building and discovering evolutionary properties in chemical reaction networks. Experimental systems range from small molecules to RNA, DNA, and peptides. Theory indicates that evolution could have started without mechanisms based on genetic polymers. Research on genetic polymers indicates that template-based replication may have been preceded by autocatalytic networks. A systems level approach can reveal generic principles for achieving and assembling evolutionary properties in physical-chemical systems and may ultimately indicate a multiplicity of gradual paths for the emergence of evolution.
Correction: Enhancing scanning electrochemical microscopy's potential to probe dynamic co-culture systems via hyperspectral assisted-imaging
Authors: Goines Sondrica , Deng Mingchu , Glasscott Matthew W. , Leung Justin W. C. , Dick Jeffrey E.
Published: June 2022

Correction for ‘Enhancing scanning electrochemical microscopy's potential to probe dynamic co-culture systems via hyperspectral assisted-imaging’ by Sondrica Goines et al., Analyst, 2022, 147, 2396–2404, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2AN00319H.
Bioinspired aligned wrinkling dressings for monitoring joint motion and promoting joint wound healing
Authors: Zhou Xiaohui , Feng Pingping , Liu Huanliang , Song Botao
Published: June 2022

Bioinspired aligned wrinkling dressings are prepared for monitoring joint motion and promoting joint wound healing.
Iron ore production using a new Gemini surfactant at 273 K
Authors: Huang Zhiqiang , Li Wenyuan , Shuai Shuyi , Zhang Shiyong , Wang Hongling , Liu Rukuan , Cheng Chen , Yu Xinyang , He Guichun , Fu Weng
Published: June 2022

A Gemini surfactant and a conventional monomeric surfactant were compared in the reverse froth flotation of magnetite ore at 273 K.
Tetranitro- and tetraamino-dibenzo[18]crown-6-ether derivatives: complexes for alkali metal ions, redox potentials, crystal structures, molecular sorption, and proton conducting behaviours
Authors: Shimizu Yuta , Takeda Takashi , Hoshino Norihisa , Akutagawa Tomoyuki
Published: June 2022

Redox potentials, molecular sorption, crystal structures, dielectric properties, and proton conducting properties of tetranitro- and tetraamino-dibenzo[18]crown-6 were discussed.
Perovskite materials: from single crystals to radiation detection
Authors: Kim Doup , Yang Ge
Published: June 2022

Pb- and Bi-based perovskite materials have high potential for detecting ionizing radiation but an enhanced research effort is needed to achieve large-size, high-performance single crystals at a competitive cost to accelerate this development.
Coordination networks constructed from a flexible ligand: single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformations and thermoresponsive and electrochemical performances
Authors: Zhu Jinjiao , Sun Yajun , Ding Weilinsen , Li Peiyuan , Pang Qingyang , Dou Xinwen , Bian Li , Ju Qiang , Fang Zhenlan
Published: June 2022

This work reveals the relationships between the structures and redox/thermoresponsive/electrochemical performances of the new 2D coordination networks by single-crystal-to-single-crystal analysis and electrochemical measurements.
Atom–surface scattering in the classical multiphonon regime
Authors: Manson J. R. , Miret-Artés S.
Published: June 2022

Many experiments that utilize beams of incident atoms colliding with surfaces as a probe of surface properties are carried out at large energies, high temperatures and with large mass atoms.
Coincidence ion pair production (cipp) spectroscopy of diiodine
Authors: Matthíasson Kristján , Kvaran Ágúst , Garcia Gustavo A. , Weidner Peter , Sztáray Bálint
Published: June 2022

Coincidence ion pair production (I+ + I−) (cipp) spectra of I2 were recorded in a double imaging coincidence experiment in the one-photon excitation region of 71 600–74 000 cm−1.
Potential energy surfaces of a stacked dimer of benzene and its radical cation: what remains and what appears
Authors: Beregovaya Irina V. , Shchegoleva Lyudmila N.
Published: June 2022

Each considered potential energy surface (PES) is a network of interconnected pseudorotation paths. The two-domain architecture of the PES of (C6H6)2+˙ comes from orbital isomerism.
Oxygen deficiency in Sr2FeO4−x: electrochemical control and impact on magnetic properties
Authors: Adler Peter , Schröder Liane , Teske Klaus , Reehuis Manfred , Hoser Andreas , Merz Patrick , Schnelle Walter , Felser Claudia , Jansen Martin
Published: June 2022

Oxygen was extracted from the layered iron(iv) oxide Sr2FeO4 using an electrochemical method. The resulting oxygen-deficient Sr2FeO4−x materials exhibit complex magnetism with coexistence of spiral order and magnetic clusters.
Exploration and validation of force field design protocols through QM-to-MM mapping
Authors: Ringrose Chris , Horton Joshua T. , Wang Lee-Ping , Cole Daniel J.
Published: June 2022

Use of quantum mechanics to inform molecular mechanics force field derivation is used to speed up the design process. We design and train 15 new protocols for force field derivation, and test their accuracy against experimental liquid properties.
Two-dimensional metal–organic layers constructed from Hf6/Hf12-oxo clusters and a trigonal pyramidal phosphine oxide ligand
Authors: Chen Jiawei , Ye Zhi , Chen Peican , Hu Huihui , Zhang Shuhong , Xu Han , Cao Lingyun , Wang Cheng
Published: June 2022

A novel free-standing MOL was synthesized with an unexpected structure containing alternative Hf6-oxo and Hf12-oxo clusters as SBUs and the tris(4-carboxylphenyl)phosphine oxide (TPO) ligand.
Cyclometalated iridium(iii) complex of a 1,2,3-triazole-based ligand for highly selective sensing of pyrophosphate ion
Authors: Rabha Monosh , Sen Bhaskar , Sheet Sanjoy Kumar , Aguan Kripamoy , Khatua Snehadrinarayan
Published: June 2022

A cyclometalated iridium(iii) complex of a benzimidazole-substituted methylene-bridged 1,2,3-triazole-based ligand has been developed for highly selective luminescent ‘light-up’ sensing of pyrophosphate ions.
Photomechanochemical control over stereoselectivity in the [2 + 2] photodimerization of acenaphthylene
Authors: Biswas Sankarsan , Banerjee Sayan , Shlain Milan A. , Bardin Andrey A. , Ulijn Rein V. , Nannenga Brent L. , Rappe Andrew M. , Braunschweig Adam B.
Published: June 2022

Unique and orthogonal photomechanochemical and photosolvochemical stereoselective routes for cycloaddition of acenaphthylene with high yields ofsynandantiproducts are reported.
New electrotriggers:p-methoxycarbonylbenzyl (pMCB) as an electroremovable protecting group for carboxylic acids, phosphoric acids and alcohols
Authors: Ning Shulin , Zheng Lianyou , Gao Qiansong , Shi Lingling , Liu Yueling , Sun Chengcheng , Zhang Zhuoqi , Xiang Jinbao
Published: June 2022

A practical electrochemical method for the selective deprotection of the pMCB group was reported, which provides an efficient protocol for the controlled release of carboxylic acids, phosphoric acids and alcohols.
Catalyst- and additive-free sunlight-induced autoxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids
Authors: Shi Hongwei , Li Jun , Wang Tao , Rudolph Matthias , Hashmi A. Stephen K.
Published: June 2022

A catalyst- and additive-free sunlight-induce autoxidation of a wide range of aldehydes to carboxylic acids with oxygen from air is reported. It can be applied even at gram scale and proceeds smoothly even at lower temperatures down to 2–10 °C.
Implementation of heteroatom-doped nanomaterial/core–shell nanostructure based electrocatalysts for fuel cells and metal-ion/air/sulfur batteries
Authors: Nagappan Saravanan , Duraivel Malarkodi , Park NaHyun , Prabakar Kandasamy , Park Kang Hyun
Published: June 2022

This review article deeply focuses on the use of heteroatom-doped nanomaterials and core–shell nanostructures for various kinds of fuel cell and battery applications.
Development of an actinium-225 radioimmunoconjugate for targeted alpha therapy against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Pallares Roger M. , Flick Matthew , Shield Katherine M. , Bailey Tyler A. , Velappan Nileena , Lillo Antonietta M. , Abergel Rebecca J.
Published: June 2022

Cytotoxicity was induced in cells mimicking SARS-CoV-2 infection by a 225Ac-radiolabeled antibody that targets the RBD2 of the spike protein.
Peptide and protein chemistry approaches to study the tumor suppressor protein p53
Authors: Chatterjee Champak , Singh Sumeet K.
Published: June 2022

The tumor suppressor and master gene regulator protein p53 has been the subject of intense investigation for several decades due to its mutation in about half of all human cancers.
Intramolecular axial α/β-coordination of the 132-terminal pyridyl group to the central zinc atom in chlorophyll-a derivatives
Authors: Oyagi Kagari , Ogasawara Shin , Tamiaki Hitoshi
Published: June 2022

Zinc chlorophyll-a derivatives possessing a pyridyl terminal in the (132R/S)-alkanoate residue were synthesized. This is the first example of a direction-controlled intramolecular α/β-coordination system by using the 132-stereochemistry.
Control of the dual emission behaviour of μ-oxo-bridged Si(iv) corrole dimers by substituent bulkiness
Authors: Yamagata Kyo , Ueta Kento , Nakai Akito , Osuka Atsuhiro , Tanaka Takayuki
Published: June 2022

μ-Oxo-bridged Si(iv) corrole dimers show dual emission behavior. Their conformational relaxation can be controlled by substituent bulkiness.
Electrospun light stimulus response-enhanced anisotropic conductive Janus membrane with up/down-conversion luminescence
Authors: Qi Haina , Yang Liu , Tang Xuehua , Xie Yunrui , Ma Qianli , Yu Wensheng , Dong Xiangting , Li Dan , Liu Guixia , Wang Jinxian
Published: June 2022

A new concept of light stimulus response enhanced anisotropic conductive Janus membrane (L-ACJM) is proposed, and enhanced conductive anisotropy is realized. Electrospun L-ACJM with top-bottom structure exhibits photoconduction and luminescence.
Wrinkling and restabilization of a hyperelastic PDMS membrane at finite strain
Authors: Yang Erjie , Zhang Mengnan , Zeng Jun , Tian Fucheng
Published: June 2022

Wrinkles are commonly observed in uniaxially stretched hyperelastic membranes and eventually disappear with the increase of stretching.
Preparation of a multifunctional organogel and its electrochemical properties
Authors: Ma Xinxian , Geng Yutao , Gao Yang , Zhang Jiali , Wang Yipei , Lai Yingshan , Ren Tianqi , Tang Jiahong
Published: June 2022

A stable polymer organogel for supercapacitors is obtained by a simple esterification reaction. This organogel showed high mechanical performance, flexibility, high elasticity, luminous performance and conductivity.
Facile and fast preparation of a tung oil-based bendable transparent electrode with mechanical strength and environmental stability via infiltration of silver nanowires into oxygen-inhibited surface layers
Authors: Song Fei , Zou Xiuxiu , Yuan Liang , Sha Ye , Zhao Qi , Zhang Meng , Hu Lihong , Zhu Xinbao , Jia Puyou , Zhou Yonghong
Published: June 2022

A scalable one-step method to prepare BTEs via embedding AgNWs into oxygen-inhibited surface layers of tung oil-based UV-curing resin substrates.
A hydrogel sensor driven by sodium carboxymethyl starch with synergistic enhancement of toughness and conductivity
Authors: Gao Yiyan , Zhang Zhixin , Ren Xiuyan , Jia Fei , Gao Guanghui
Published: June 2022

The developed hydrogel exhibited simultaneously enhanced mechanical properties and conductivity by introducing carboxymethyl starch sodium, which could serve as a wearable sensor for monitoring human motions and physiological signals.
Photovoltaic molecules with ultra-high light energy utilization for near-infrared laser triggered synergetic photodynamic and photothermal therapy
Authors: Yang Ke , Zhang Zequn , Gan Yabin , Tan Qiuxia , Huang Li , Wang Benhua , Hu Gui , Yin Peng , Song Xiangzhi , Lan Minhuan
Published: June 2022

The obtained IEICO NPs possess a high 1O2 quantum yield (11%) and PCE (85.4%) with an ultra-high light energy utilization efficacy of 96.4%, and therefore can be applied for near-infrared laser triggered synergetic photodynamic and photothermal therapy.
Thermal stress-assisted annealing to improve the crystalline quality of an epitaxial YSZ buffer layer on Si
Authors: Choi Hyung-Jin , Jang Jinhyuk , Jung Soo Young , Ning Ruiguang , Kim Min-Seok , Jung Sung-Jin , Lee Jun Young , Park Jin Soo , Lee Byung Chul , Jang Ji-Soo , Kim Seong Keun , Lee Kyu Hyoung , Lee June Hyuk , Won Sung Ok , Li Yulan , Hu Shenyang , Choi Si-Young , Baek Seung-Hyub
Published: June 2022

A rapid heating rate (∼110 °C s−1) allows strain energy to maximally build up in the YSZ layer at the annealing temperature, and the defects are effectively annihilated during annealing.
Perceived Clinical Characteristics of Children With History of Opioid Exposure: A Speech-Language Pathology Perspective
Authors: Rutherford Kelly , Maxwell Jamie , Fry Lisa , Holland Pamela , Rigon Arianna , Lankford Audrey
Published: June 2022

Purpose:

This research was conducted to describe the clinical characteristics of children with a history of opioid exposure as perceived by the speech-language pathologists (SLPs) treating them.

Method:

Three focus groups were conducted. Participants consisted of 20 SLPs working in the schools in West Virginia who had experienced working with children with a confirmed or suspected history of opioid exposure. A thematic, qualitative analysis was conducted, whereby focus group sessions were transcribed verbatim and information was coded, organized into themes, and interpreted.

Results:

Themes of perceived clinical characteristics (speech, language, executive function, and other developmental delays) are reported to address the research question. Additionally, themes derived from the data regarding perceived significant differentiators (greater severity/needs, inconsistent performance, and atypical manifestation) and perceived confounding characteristics (safety and well-being, aspects of home environment, and effects on school environment) that are often reported in children with a history or suspected history of opioid exposure are presented.

Conclusions:

Perceived clinical characteristics of this population, both intrinsic and situational, highlight the complex profile of this population and demonstrate the importance of considering each child from a multidimensional perspective. Additional research is needed to represent the profile of these children more completely and to identify successful supports that will improve their speech and language outcomes, educational achievement, and their overall quality of life.
Robust NN‐based backstepping control of non‐affine ferry ship fuel cell‐based DC MGs under stochastic disturbance inputs
Authors: Vafamand Navid , Afsharinejad Amir , Arefi Mohammad Mehdi , Mobayen Saleh
Published: June 2022

Fossil fuels play a significant role in the automobile industry, as well as marine vessel systems, with a lot of benefits like high‐density and low‐cost power supply, which is relatively easy to reserve, apply and carry. However, fossil fuel combustion produces several emissions such as CO2, which become greenhouse gas emissions and harmful to human health. One of the most favorable emission‐free modern technologies is fuel cells, which can be applied to supply power to marine vessel propulsion systems. In such a most electrified ship, the whole of the shipboard grid can be regarded as a direct current (DC) stand‐alone microgrid (MG) configuration with linear resistive and nonlinear constant power loads (CPLs). The main challenge in this new configuration of the shipboard MG is stabilizing the system's currents and voltages, subjected to stochastic disturbances arising from the effect of external winds and waves. Hence, the key objective of this research is to introduce a new modified robust adaptive stochastic backstepping controller, which is equipped with an artificial neural network, for stabilizing the current and voltage of the DC MG. The developed approach is robust against uncertainties and disturbances, has a systematic design procedure, and offers a low computational burden compared to the other complicated nonlinear controllers. In the end, a simulation is run for investigating the performance of the proposed controller over the state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Symmetric flipped nested array for mixed near‐field and far‐field non‐circular source localisation
Authors: Wang Yinsheng , Cui WeiJia , Ba Bin , Quan Mengjiao , Yu Zhenhua
Published: June 2022

As it is known, existing mixed near‐field and far‐field non‐circular source localisation rely on the uniform linear array (ULA). Compared with the ULA, the sparse array can obtain more consecutive lags and a larger physical array aperture. So a novel symmetric flipped nested array (SFNA) is proposed for mixed near‐field and far‐field non‐circular source localisation. At the same time, according to the special geometry of the array, the non‐circular phase information can be removed and the existing algorithm can be used to solve the problem of sparse array estimating the mixed near‐field and far‐field non‐circular signals. First, by exchanging the positions of the subarrays in the traditional nested array and then flipping them, a new SFNA is formed; second, the authors present the maximum consecutive lags and composition method of SFNA. For example, 4MN  +4M −3 consecutive lags can be obtained by using a 2M  + 2N −1 array element; third, in the estimation of mixed near‐field and far‐field non‐circular sources, a special cumulant is used to eliminate the range of the mixed near‐field and far‐field non‐circular sources and a one‐dimensional (1‐D) spectral search is used to obtain all the directions of arrival, and the range can be obtained by defining the range spectrum; finally, numerical simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed array.
Improved method in calculating the surface charge distribution of DC‐GIL insulators with 3D geometry models
Authors: Li Xiaolong , Zhang Guangkuo , Jia Junran , Cao Chen , Lin Xin
Published: June 2022

Surface charge accumulation is an important issue when dealing with the insulation property of direct‐current gas‐insulated transmission lines with insulators. An improved method is introduced to calculate the surface charge distribution of insulators based on three‐dimensional (3D) geometry models with high solution accuracy and computing efficiency. More than 90% of the computing memory and time are reduced by applying weak form partial differential equation (PDE) to the ion transport equation compared to adding artificial diffusion term. The computing memory and time are further reduced by 70% when removing the diffusion term from the ion transport equation, whereas the accuracy remains unchanged. Thus, the method of combining the modification of ion transport equation and the application of weak form PDE is suggested in calculating the surface charge of 3D geometry models. Finally, this method is applied in calculating the surface charge distribution of a ±200‐kV basin‐type insulator under thermal‐electric coupled fields and a ±500‐kV tri‐post insulator. Results show satisfying accuracy and efficiency. It is concluded that the proposed method can be applied in analysing the charge accumulation and ion transport behaviour based on 3D models under various operating conditions.
First 3D radiation-hydrodynamic simulations of Wolf-Rayet winds
Authors: Moens N. , Poniatowski L. G. , Hennicker L. , Sundqvist J. O. , El Mellah I. , Kee N. D.
Published: June 2022

Context. Classical Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars are direct supernova progenitors undergoing vigorous mass loss. Understanding the dense and fast outflows of such WR stars is thus crucial for understanding advanced stages of stellar evolution and the dynamical feedback of massive stars on their environments, and for characterizing the distribution of black hole masses.

Aims. In this paper, we develop the first time-dependent, multidimensional, radiation-hydrodynamical models of the extended optically thick atmospheres and wind outflows of hydrogen-free classical WR stars.

Methods. A flux-limiting radiation hydrodynamics approach is used on a finite volume mesh to model WR outflows. The opacities are described using a combination of tabulated Rosseland mean opacities and the enhanced line opacities expected within a supersonic flow.

Results. For high-luminosity models, a radiation-driven, dense, supersonic wind is launched from deep subsurface regions associated with peaks in the Rosseland mean opacity. For a model with lower luminosity, on the other hand, the Rosseland mean opacity is not sufficient to sustain a net-radial outflow in the subsurface regions. Instead, what develops in this case, is a "standard" line-driven wind launched from the optically thin regions above an extended, moderately inflated, and highly turbulent atmosphere. We thus find here a natural transition from optically thick outflows of classical WR stars to optically thin winds of hot, compact subdwarfs; in our simulations, this transition occurs approximately at a luminosity that is ~40% of the Eddington luminosity. Because of the changing character of the wind-launching mechanism, this transition is also accompanied by a large drop (on the low-luminosity end) in the average mass-loss rate. Since the subsurface opacity peaks are further associated with convective instabilities, the flows are highly structured and turbulent, consisting of coexisting regions of outflowing, stagnated, and even pockets of infalling gas. Typical velocity dispersions in our 3D models are high, 100–300 km s−1, but the clumping factors are rather modest, fc1 ≡ 〈ρ2〉/〈ρ〉2 ~ 2. We further find that, while the low-density gas in our simulations is strongly radiation-driven, the overdense structures are, after their initial launch, primarily advected outward by ram-pressure gradients. This inefficient radiative acceleration of dense "clumps" reflects the inverse dependence of line driving on mass density and leads to a general picture wherein high-density gas parcels move significantly slower than the mean and low-density wind material.
On the relation of individual-typological features of wrestlers´ nervous system with the success of their competitive activity
Authors: Tarabrina Natalia
Published: June 2022

The purpose of the article is to study the dynamics of indicators of electro-skin resistance (ESR) in the pre-start, competitive and post-competitive period, depending on the outcome of the wrestling match. For 26 wrestlers of 19.26±0.3 years old we studied the indicators of ESR during weighing (background), before and after the fight. Intergroup features of the dynamics of mental states were analyzed in connection with victory or defeat. For the winners, ESR on the day of weighing was 12.97 kOhm, for the losers it was 14.65 kOhm. Before entering the mat, mental stress increases in all wrestlers, however, in those who subsequently lose the fight, it is more pronounced. Pre-competitive emotional arousal among the winners develops in a timely manner and among the losers prematurely: difference between the results was 16.21% (p<0.01). The psycho-emotional stress of the winners does not decrease after the competition, ESR increases by 19% (p<0.05), which indicates the need for additional health and rehabilitation measures. Manifestations of individual-typological properties of the nervous system in states of mental tension are a prognostic factor in the effectiveness of competitive activity in wrestling.
Stress Sources of Powerlifters Aged 14-23
Authors: Ldokova Galiya , Volkova Kadriya , Razzhivin Oleg
Published: June 2022

Athletes are exposed to numerous stress factors, which can have a negative impact on their health, including psychological health. This is especially true for young athletes whose psyche is unstable. The article highlights the factors that prevent powerlifters’ successful training and performance in powerlifting competitions for the age groups of 14-23. By assigning a rank by the respondents (n = 128), the highest #1 and lowest #11 values were selected. Data analysis showed that the priority of 3 factors coincided in training and competitive activities: 1) injuries (average score – 1.64 and 1.82), 2) emotional excitement (4.64 and 3.9), 3) physical fatigue (5.09 and 5.18). The following positions during training sessions are: human factor (6.34), unexpected circumstances (6.45), audio interference (6.50), problems with equipment and outfit (6.55), difficult relationships (6.82), the rank and type of competition and preparation for them (6.9), coach/referee assessment (7.09), changing conditions (8.0). At the competitions, subsequent stress factors are distributed as follows: unexpected circumstances (5.64), coach/referee assessment (5.7), rank and type of competition and preparation for them (6.36), human factor (6.82), problems with equipment and outfit (7.0), changing conditions (7.18), audio interference (7.23), difficult relationships (8.64). Taking into account the young powerlifters’ sources of stress allows forming the athletes’ psychologically healthy attitude to and perception of external changes and circumstances, which largely contributes to the optimization of sports performance and life.