bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Indeterminate pediatric acute liver failure: Clinical characteristics of a temporal cluster of five children in the Netherlands in the spring of 2022
Authors: Lexmond Willem S. , de Meijer Vincent E. , Scheenstra René , Bontemps Sander T. H. , Duiker Evelien W. , Schölvinck Elisabeth H. , Zhou Xuewei , von Eije Karin J. , Reyntjens Koen M. E. M. , Verkade Henkjan J. , Porte Robert J. , de Kleine Ruben H.
Published: July 2022

There is increasing global concern of severe acute hepatitis of unknown etiology in young children. In early 2022, our center for liver transplantation in the Netherlands treated five children who presented in short succession with indeterminate acute liver failure. Four children underwent liver transplantation, one spontaneously recovered. Here we delineate the clinical course and comprehensive diagnostic workup of these patients. Three of five patients showed a gradual decline of liver synthetic function and had mild neurological symptoms. Their clinical and histological findings were consistent with hepatitis. These three patients all had a past SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and two of them were positive for adenovirus DNA. The other two patients presented with advanced liver failure and encephalopathy and underwent dialysis as a bridge to transplantation. One of these children spontaneously recovered. We discuss this cluster of patients in the context of the currently elevated incidence of severe acute hepatitis in children.
Running Systems Mapping Workshops
Authors: Barbrook-Johnson Pete , Penn Alexandra S.
Published: July 2022

This chapter explores the practicalities of organising and facilitating systems mapping workshops. It considers how you should plan them; how to choose venues, materials, and technology; how to record them; and how to improve your facilitation skills. It provides readers with guidance for dealing with some common issues, such as power dynamics, disagreement, confusion, disengagement, and facilitator burnout, and points to useful resources for specific methods.
Bayesian Belief Networks
Authors: Barbrook-Johnson Pete , Penn Alexandra S.
Published: July 2022

This chapter overviews Bayesian Belief Networks, an increasingly popular method for developing and analysing probabilistic causal models. We go into some detail to develop an accessible and clear explanation of what Bayesian Belief Networks are and how you can use them. We consider their strengths and weaknesses, outline a brief history of the method, and provide guidance on useful resources and getting started, including an overview of available software.
Open Questions
Authors: Rehmann-Sutter Christoph , Jürgensen Martina , Herzog Madeleine , Schües Christina
Published: July 2022

The families we approached have two exceptional things in common: they all experienced the dramatic event of a life-threatening disease such as leukaemia affecting one of their children; and, in all of these families, that child was treated with a stem cell transplant taken from a sibling’s body. In this last chapter of the book we reflect very briefly on our interview experiences, analysis, and discussions. In the end, we identify open questions and further areas which may invite further research.
A Donor by Coincidence or by Conception – My Sister’s Keeper Revisited
Authors: Rehmann-Sutter Christoph , Schües Christina
Published: July 2022

Thirteen-year-old Anna Fitzgerald has been conceived in order to be a matching donor for her older sister Kate, who has a rare form of leukaemia. The story in the novel “My Sister’s Keeper” by Jody Picoult, and Nick Cassavetes’ movie, has many striking similarities to the situations that we heard from the families we studied – despite one significant difference: Anna is created to be a saviour sibling, whereas the stem cell donors we interviewed already existed and were found to be matching. We discuss the film as an emotionally complex, multi-layered narrative that gives insight into the perspectives of different family members and into some key aspects of a paradigmatic family conflict. The temporal order of the film’s story-telling using multiple flash-backs and retakes represents the entangled temporalities of experience and memory.
Mediating the Risks of Mutual Care: Families and the Ethical Challenges of Sibling Bone Marrow Donation
Authors: Wiesemann Claudia
Published: July 2022

Bone marrow transplants from one sibling to another are a challenge for medical ethics. How can the decision to donate be made freely and without coercion if the life of a child depends on it? I examine how sibling bone marrow donation can be reconciled with the moral ideal of family, specifying the meaning of care, and focusing particularly on the role of minors. I also take the example of intrafamily bone marrow transplantation as a test case to identify the dangers of care and ask how to best mediate them.
Introduction
Authors: Rechnitzer Tanja
Published: July 2022

Reflective equilibrium (RE) is widely regarded as an important philosophical method—yet despite this high regard, we find strikingly few cases in which it is actually and explicitly applied. This chapter introduces the main ideas of reflective equilibrium, gives an overview about how it has been applied so far, and identifies desiderata for a case study on the applicability of reflective equilibrium as a method. I argue that the justification of a precautionary principle (PP) provides ideal content for such a case study: PPs are intended as principles that guide decisions concerning threats of uncertain, but potentially serious or even catastrophic harm. While the basic idea of PPs—“better safe than sorry”—is intuitively plausible, it is contested how it should be spelled out as a normative principle. It thus provides an ideal case to test whether RE can indeed be used to provide clarification and justification of philosophical principles and theories.
SIO Multiplier Analysis
Authors: Rohne Till Emelie
Published: July 2022

This chapter presents the main results of the Semi-Input-Output (SIO) multiplier analysis. Overall, the results of the empirical analysis show that the agricultural sector was the best growth option in Ethiopia in the studied time period, with high and strengthening growth linkages to other sectors. Due to the apparent rigidity of the manufacturing sector, manufacturing growth would not have had as strong an effect on overall growth. These results are presented in detail, as well as discussed, in this chapter.
Universal Access Panel: A Novel Approach for Accessible Smart Homes and IoT
Authors: Veigl Christoph , Klaus Benjamin , Aigner Benjamin , Wagner Manuel
Published: July 2022

Although various standards and guidelines for accessible design exist, many modern digital devices lack even basic accessibility features. In particular, touchscreens without haptic feedback and a highly complex menu navigation impose serious hurdles for many people – especially for people with disabilities and elderly persons. In this work, we present the Universal Access Panel (UAP) for enabling barrier-free access to home appliances and IoT devices. The system offers a novel, radically simple, multimodal user interface consisting of just a few interaction elements for accessing dedicated functions of the connected home. Using established APIs and communication protocols such as HomeConnect or OpenHab, various domestic appliances, consumer products and smart home devices can be controlled from a single, multimodal interaction console. The system has been designed in cooperation with visually impaired accessibility experts and a user study was conducted with people from the target group. The results show a high overall usability of the prototype.
Accessible User Interface Concept for Business Meeting Tool Support Including Spatial and Non-verbal Information for Blind and Visually Impaired People
Authors: Koutny Reinhard , Miesenberger Klaus
Published: July 2022

Business meetings play an essential role in many people’s work life. Although, business meetings have changed over time, especially tools, which are used to support the process, slowly moving from traditional means like flipcharts to more modern, digital alternatives, some aspects stayed the same: Visual information is used to gather thoughts, support arguments and lead the discussion. These kinds of information used to be completely inaccessible to blind and visually impaired people (BVIP) and still are, for the most part. Even though, the movement towards digitalization facilitates accessibility, no fully accessible tool support for business meetings is available. Additionally, non-verbal communication and spatial information is heavily used as well. People use mimic and gestures, and they refer to objects or other people by pointing at them. BVIP miss out on this type of information as well. Ultimately, BVIP have a significant disadvantage during business meetings and very often during their entire professional life. Research efforts have tried to mitigate single aspects of this situation, but no comprehensive user interface approach has be developed. This paper presents a user interface approach, as part of the MAPVI project [1], that allows BVIP access visual, non-verbal and spatial information of business meetings in a user-friendly manner, using only off-the-shelf hardware. Additionally, it presents results of user tests of this novel user interface.
Kontextuelle Einbettung und Hintergründe des Buches
Authors: Schütte Patricia M. , Schönefeld Malte , Schulte Yannic , Dittmer Cordula , Lorenz Daniel F. , Frommer Jana-Andrea , Fiedrich Frank
Published: July 2022

Katastrophen, Krisen, Unglücksfälle – sie stehen für kritische Ereignisse und Phasen, die binnen kurzer Zeit das gesellschaftliche Geschehen beherrschen und vor große Herausforderungen stellen. Neben den sofortigen Auswirkungen zeichnen sie sich oft durch nachhaltige Konsequenzen aus, die auch Jahre nach dem eigentlichen Ereignis noch abge- und verarbeitet werden müssen. Manchmal werden diese Wiederaufbau- und Nachbereitungsphasen bereits von weiteren Krisen und Katastrophen überschattet, obwohl deren Abschluss längst noch nicht in Sicht ist.
Fazit
Authors: Schulte Yannic , Schütte Patricia M. , Schönefeld Malte , Fiedrich Frank
Published: July 2022

Ob in Bezug auf Unglücke, Krisen oder Katastrophen: Die an der Lagebewältigung beteiligten Akteure haben in der Regel weder währenddessen noch im Nachgang ausreichend Personal, Zeit und Geld, um die Aufarbeitung selbst intern und akteursübergreifend sicherzustellen und nachhaltig zu gestalten. Das gilt so z. B. auch für die Flüchtlingssituation 2015/2016, aber auch für andere ähnliche kritische Situationen. Das Ihnen vorliegende Buch verfolgt daher das Ziel, dem offensichtlichen Bedarf aus der Krisenmanagementpraxis nachzukommen.
RG-induced modulus stabilization: perturbative de Sitter vacua and improved D3-$$ \overline{\mathrm{D}3} $$ inflation
Authors: Burgess C. P. , Quevedo F.
Published: July 2022

Abstract

We propose a new mechanism that adapts to string theory a perturbative method for stabilizing moduli without leaving the domain of perturbative control, thereby evading the ‘Dine-Seiberg’ problem. The only required nonperturbative information comes from the standard renormalization-group resummation of leading logarithms that allow us simultaneously to work to a fixed order in the perturbative parameter α and to all orders in α ln τ where τ is a large extra-dimensional modulus. The resulting potential is naturally minimized for moduli of order τ ~ e1/α and so can be exponentially large given $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(10) input parameters. The mechanism relies on accidental low-energy scaling symmetries known to be generic and so is robust against UV details. The resulting compactifications generically break supersymmetry and 4D de Sitter solutions are relatively easy to achieve without additional uplifting. Variations on the theme lead to inflationary scenarios for which the size of the stabilized moduli differ significantly before and after inflation and so provide a dynamical mechanism whereby inflationary scales are much larger than late-time physical (e.g. supersymmetry breaking) scales, with this hierarchy contingent on past cosmic evolution with the inflaton playing a secondary late-time role as a relaxation field. We apply this formalism to warped D3-$$ \overline{\mathrm{D}3} $$

D
3

¯

inflation using non-linearly realized supersymmetry to describe the antibrane tension and the Coulomb interaction, and show how doing so our perturbative modulus stabilization mechanism evades the η-problem that usually plagues this scenario. We speculate about the relevance of our formalism to tachyon condensation at later stages of brane-antibrane annihilation.
Frontiers of CO2 Capture and Utilization (CCU) towards Carbon Neutrality
Authors: Zhang Lingyun , Song Yanfang , Shi Jialin , Shen Qun , Hu Deng , Gao Qiang , Chen Wei , Kow Kien-Woh , Pang Chengheng , Sun Nannan , Wei Wei
Published: July 2022

CO2 capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology is a rare option for the large-scale use of fossil fuels in a low-carbon way, which will definitely play a part in the journey towards carbon neutrality. Within the CCUS nexus, CCU is especially interesting because these processes will establish a new “atmosphere-to-atmosphere” carbon cycle and thus indirectly offer huge potential in carbon reduction. This study focuses on the new positioning of CCUS in the carbon neutrality scenario and aims to identify potential cutting-edge/disruptive CCU technologies that may find important application opportunities during the decarbonization of the energy and industrial system. To this end, direct air capture (DAC), flexible metal-framework materials (MOFs) for CO2 capture, integrated CO2 capture and conversion (ICCC), and electrocatalytic CO2 reduction (ECR) were selected, and their general introduction, the importance to carbon neutrality, and most up-to-date research progress are summarized.
Psychometric evaluation of the German version of the Recovering Quality of Life (ReQoL) measures in patients with affective disorders
Authors: Grochtdreis Thomas , König Hans-Helmut , Keetharuth Anju Devianee , Gallinat Jürgen , Konnopka Alexander , Schulz Holger , Lambert Martin , Karow Anne , Dams Judith
Published: July 2022

Background

The generic self-reported Recovering Quality of Life (ReQoL) measures were developed for measuring recovery-focused health-related quality of life (HrQoL) in persons with mental health conditions. The aim of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the German version of the ReQoL measures in patients with affective disorders in Germany.

Methods

Data from a patient sub-sample in a randomized controlled trial have been used (N = 393). The internal consistency and the test–retest reliability of the ReQoL measures were assessed using Cronbach’s Alpha and the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). The concurrent validity and the known-group validity of the ReQoL measures were assessed using Pearson’s Correlation coefficient and Cohen’s d. The responsiveness was assessed using Glass' Δ and the standardized response mean (SRM).

Results

The reliability among the items of the ReQoL-20 was overall excellent. The ICC of the ReQoL-20 was r = 0.70, indicating moderate test–retest reliability. The concurrent validity of the ReQoL-20 with the clinical measure PHQ-9 was strong with a correlation coefficient of r = − 0.76. The known-group validity of the ReQoL-20 using PHQ-9 cut-off points was large with an effect size of d = 1.63. The ReQoL measures were sensitive to treatment response and remission of symptoms measured by the PHQ-9 with large effect sizes/SRM.

Discussion

The psychometric properties of the ReQoL measures for the assessment of patients with affective disorders were overall good. With the ReQoL, valid and reliable measures for the assessment of recovery-focused HrQoL for persons with affective disorders are available in German language.
Patterns of Sexual Practices, Sexually Transmitted Infections and Other Genital Infections in Women Who Have Sex with Women Only (WSWO), Women Who Have Sex with Men Only (WSMO) and Women Who Have Sex with Men and Women (WSMW): Findings from a Sexual Health Clinic in Melbourne, Australia, 2011–2019
Authors: Engel Jaimie L. , Fairley Christopher K. , Greaves Kate E. , Vodstrcil Lenka A. , Ong Jason J. , Bradshaw Catriona S. , Chen Marcus Y. , Phillips Tiffany R. , Chow Eric P. F.
Published: July 2022

Despite rises in sexually transmitted infection (STI) notifications among Australian women in the last decade, limited STI surveillance data exist specifically for women who have sex with women. This study aimed to compare differences in sexual practices and positivity for STIs and other genital infections among women who have sex with men only (WSMO), women who have sex with women only (WSWO), and women who have sex with men and women (WSMW), and whether these changed over time. In this retrospective repeated cross-sectional study, women attending the Melbourne Sexual Health Centre for the first time between 2011 and 2019 were categorized as “WSMW,” “WSWO,” or “WSMO” according to self-reported sexual practices in the previous 12 months. Demographic information, sexual practices, and positivity for STIs and other genital infections were compared between the three groups and over time. A total of 36,147 women (2618 WSMW, 534 WSWO, and 32,995 WSMO) were included. WSMW reported more sexual partners (median = 6; IQR = 4–10) than WSMO (median = 3; IQR = 2–5) and WSWO (median = 2; IQR = 1–4) (p < .001). A higher proportion of WSMW always used condoms with casual male partners compared to WSMO (20.4% vs 15.9%; p < .001). The proportion of women who always used condoms with casual male partners decreased over time in WSMO, (19.9% in 2011 to 15.2% in 2019, ptrend < .001) but not in WSMW. Bacterial vaginosis was more common in WSWO (14.8%) than in WSMW (11.8%) and WSMO (7.7%) (p < .001). Chlamydia was more common in WSMO (9.3%) than in WSMW (6.6%) and WSWO (1.2%) (p < .001). Syphilis was more common in WSMO (1.0%) than in WSMW (0.3%) and WSWO (0.0%) (p = .004). Over time, chlamydia positivity in WSWO increased (from 0.0% to 2.7%, ptrend = .014), and syphilis positivity in WSMW increased (from 0.0% to 0.7%, ptrend = .028); however, positivity of these STIs did not change in other groups. Sexual practices and positivity for STIs and other genital infections differed according to the sex of women’s partners in the previous 12 months. Knowledge of these differences is important to account for future changes in STI trends that may occur in these subpopulations.
Developing a Support Program for Adult Children of Parents with Mental Illness: A Delphi Study
Authors: Patrick Pamela M. , Reupert Andrea E. , McLean Louise A. , Berger Emily
Published: July 2022

Parental mental illness can have long-lasting impacts on a child’s life. Although programs exist in supporting the needs of young children, there remains a paucity in programs that address the needs of adult children. A two-round Delphi study with adult children, academics and clinicians who have experience with parental mental illness was employed. A total of 45 and 24 participants participated in rounds one and two respectively. Open-ended questions in round one around program design and content were thematically analysed, and subsequently rated in round two. Adult children specifically identified four topics of need: (i) managing multiple roles, (ii) emotional regulation, (iii) setting relational boundaries and (iv) transition to parenthood. Current results provide the foundation for the development of modular programs that could be pilot tested with adult children who grew up with parents with mental illness.
Optimal differentiation to the edge of trait space (EoTS)
Authors: Molofsky Jane , Park Daniel S. , Richardson David M. , Keller Stephen R. , Beckage Brian , Mandel Jennifer R. , Boatwright James S. , Hui Cang
Published: July 2022

The ecological and evolutionary processes that allow alien species to establish and dominate native communities (i.e., become invasive) have been a rich area of research. Past areas of inquiry have included identifying the traits necessary to invade a community and/or determining how phylogenetic relatedness of the introduced species with the resident community can promote invasive success. Yet despite decades of research, little consensus exists about why particular species successfully invade native communities while others do not. Here we develop a conceptual framework for why only certain introduced species become invasive: optimal differentiation to the edge of trait space (EoTS). We posit that optimal differentiation leading to successful invasion into a community requires that the multi-dimensional trait space of the introduced species exists at the edge of the multi-dimensional trait space of the native community. Species that possess traits that are too different cannot enter the community because of environmental filtering, while species that are too similar will either become integrated into the community but not take over or alternatively never establish. We apply this conceptual framework to species functional traits and discuss how both genetic processes and phylogenetic processes may also result in optimal differentiation to EoTS.
Determination of inline-particle sizes by turbidity measurement in high solid content emulsion polymerisations
Authors: Rust Sören , Pauer Werner
Published: July 2022

Particle size determination in optically dense systems requires costly techniques or dilution of collected samples. Against this background, turbidimetry was investigated as a potentially robust as well as inexpensive alternative. Emulsion copolymerisations of vinyl acetate and VeoVa10® with solid contents up to 48 wt% were examined time resolved with respect to mean particle size at different temperatures, solid contents and with different co-monomer ratios and emulsifier concentrations. The mean hydrodynamic diameters were validated by dynamic light scattering (DLS). Precise number mean hydrodynamic diameters in the range from 100 to 250 nm were obtained in-line for polyvinyl acetate dispersions with deviations in particle sizes below ± 5%. In addition, the turbidity values were recorded by means of a nephelometry process probe and thus a robust, system-related calibration was created, which was subsequently able to reliably track the number mean hydrodynamic diameter inline time-resolved.
Mixed frequency composite indicators for measuring public sentiment in the EU
Authors: Mattera Raffaele , Misuraca Michelangelo , Spano Maria , Scepi Germana
Published: July 2022

Monitoring the state of the economy in a short time is a crucial aspect for designing appropriate and timely policy responses in the presence of shocks and crises. Short-term confidence indicators can help policymakers in evaluating both the effect of policies and the economic activity condition. The indicator commonly used in the EU to evaluate the public opinion orientation is the Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI). Nevertheless, the ESI shows some drawbacks, particularly in the adopted weighting scheme that is static and not country-specific. This paper proposes an approach to construct novel composite confidence indicators, focusing on both the weights and the information set to use. We evaluate these indicators by studying their response to the policies introduced to contain the COVID-19 pandemic in some selected EU countries. Furthermore, we carry out an experimental study where the proposed indicators are used to forecast economic activity.
UltrARsound: in situ visualization of live ultrasound images using HoloLens 2
Authors: von Haxthausen Felix , Moreta-Martinez Rafael , Pose Díez de la Lastra Alicia , Pascau Javier , Ernst Floris
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Augmented Reality (AR) has the potential to simplify ultrasound (US) examinations which usually require a skilled and experienced sonographer to mentally align narrow 2D cross-sectional US images in the 3D anatomy of the patient. This work describes and evaluates a novel approach to track retroreflective spheres attached to the US probe using an inside-out technique with the AR glasses HoloLens 2. Finally, live US images are displayed in situ on the imaged anatomy.

Methods

The Unity application UltrARsound performs spatial tracking of the US probe and attached retroreflective markers using the depth camera integrated into the AR glasses—thus eliminating the need for an external tracking system. Additionally, a Kalman filter is implemented to improve the noisy measurements of the camera. US images are streamed wirelessly via the PLUS toolkit to HoloLens 2. The technical evaluation comprises static and dynamic tracking accuracy, frequency and latency of displayed images.

Results

Tracking is performed with a median accuracy of 1.98 mm/1.81$$^\circ $$

∘

for the static setting when using the Kalman filter. In a dynamic scenario, the median error was 2.81 mm/1.70$$^\circ $$

∘

. The tracking frequency is currently limited to 20 Hz. 83% of the displayed US images had a latency lower than 16 ms.

Conclusions

In this work, we showed that spatial tracking of retroreflective spheres with the depth camera of HoloLens 2 is feasible, achieving a promising accuracy for in situ visualization of live US images. For tracking, no additional hardware nor modifications to HoloLens 2 are required making it a cheap and easy-to-use approach. Moreover, a minimal latency of displayed images enables a real-time perception for the sonographer.
I vs. robot: Sociodigital self-comparisons in hybrid teams from a theoretical, empirical, and practical perspective
Authors: Ellwart Thomas , Schauffel Nathalie , Antoni Conny H. , Timm Ingo J.
Published: July 2022

This article in the journal Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. (GIO) introduces sociodigital self-comparisons (SDSC) as individual evaluations of own abilities in comparison to the knowledge and skills of a cooperating digital actor in a group. SDSC provide a complementary perspective for the acceptance and evaluation of human-robot interaction (HRI). As social robots enter the workplace, in addition to human-human comparisons, digital actors also become objects of comparisons (i.e., I vs. robot). To date, SDSC have not been systematically reflected in HRI. Therefore, we introduce SDSC from a theoretical perspective and reflect its significance in social robot applications. First, we conceptualize SDSC based on psychological theories and research on social comparison. Second, we illustrate the concept of SDSC for HRI using empirical data from 80 hybrid teams (two human actors and one autonomous agent) who worked together in an interdependent computer-simulated team task. SDSC in favor of the autonomous agent corresponded to functional (e.g., robot trust, or team efficacy) and dysfunctional (e.g., job threat) team-relevant variables, highlighting the two-sidedness of SDSC in hybrid teams. Third, we outline the (practical) potential of SDSC for social robots in the field and the lab.
Stichwort: Unterrichtsplanungskompetenz
Authors: König Johannes , Rothland Martin
Published: July 2022

Aktuell emergiert ein Feld der empirischen Bildungsforschung, das die Unterrichtsplanung als eine relevante, spezifische Aufgabe des Lehrer*innenberufs fokussiert, hierfür benötigte kognitive Fähig- und Fertigkeiten konkretisiert und diese unter Rekurs auf existierende Forschungstraditionen und -paradigmen bearbeitet. 19 ausgewählte Verfahren lassen sich – basierend auf 44 Publikationen – identifizieren und unter einer vorgeschlagenen Arbeitsdefinition zur Unterrichtsplanungskompetenz (UPK) betrachten. Vier methodische Zugänge strukturieren den vorliegenden Überblick über die entwickelten Messverfahren und die bislang erzielten empirischen Befunde: Selbsteinschätzungsverfahren, Analysen authentischer Planungsdokumente, Vignetten-, und Planungswissenstests. Konzeptionell weisen die Verfahren Binnendifferenzierungen nach Inhaltsbereichen bzw. -dimensionen aus, die begrifflich allerdings variieren. Testdiagnostische Erwartungen an die psychometrische Qualitätsprüfung der entwickelten Verfahren werden in unterschiedlichem Maße erfüllt. Die Befunde einiger Studien zeigen, dass die jeweils gemessene UPK von den bislang etablierten Facetten des Lehrer*innenprofessionswissens empirisch getrennt werden kann. Messungen der UPK in der Lehrer*innenbildung geben Hinweise auf den Erwerb bei angehenden Lehrkräften, der Nachweis einer Wirksamkeit von Lerngelegenheiten der Lehrer*innenbildung für die UPK bleibt hingegen ein Forschungsdesiderat. Ergebnisse zu Zusammenhängen mit der Unterrichtsqualität können erste Einblicke in die prognostische Validität einzelner Verfahren belegen, es fehlt indes eine systematisch angelegte Forschung zum Zusammenhang von UPK-Maßen und Merkmalen der Prozess- und Ergebnisqualität von Unterricht. Implikationen für zukünftige Forschung werden diskutiert.
A Study of Bubble Behavior and Anode Effect on the Graphite and Industrial Carbon Anode in a See-Through Furnace During Aluminium Electrolysis
Authors: Stanic Nikolina , Martinez Ana Maria , Einarsrud Kristian Etienne , Sandnes Espen
Published: July 2022

Anode gas bubble behavior and anode effect on graphite and industrial carbon rod-shaped anode in a cryolite melt have been studied using a see-through furnace. The different carbon materials have different properties which can affect bubble behavior and electrochemical properties. Industrial carbon is more inhomogeneous with respect to structure, pore, aggregates and impurities in comparison to the graphite. More bubbles were nucleated on the industrial carbon than on the graphite for the same current density. The time related to the coalescence process for both anodes was found to be in interval 16 to 24 ms and independent of the current densities. Bubbles detached from the horizontal surface of the anode have similar average diameter value for both anodes for current densities < 1.0 A cm−2, while for current densities > 1.0 A cm−2, the average diameter is lower for the industrial carbon anode. The onset of the anode effect occurred faster on the graphite than on the industrial anode. The PFC-containing gas layer appeared to be thicker and more stable on the graphite anode than on the industrial carbon anode.
Global warming potential analysis of bio-jet fuel based on life cycle assessment
Authors: Zhu Xiaonan , Xiao Jun , Wang Chenguang , Zhu Lingjun , Wang Shurong
Published: July 2022

Due to the large amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the high dependence on fossil energy, the aviation industry has attracted a lot of attention for emission reduction and sustainable development. Biomass is a green and sustainable renewable resource, and its chemical conversion to produce bio-jet fuel is considered to be an effective way to replace fossil jet fuel and achieve emission reduction. In this study, the cradle-to-grave life cycle analysis is conducted for three bio-jet fuel conversion pathways, including biomass aqueous phase reforming (APR), hydrogenated esters and fatty acids (HEFA), and hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL). Compared with fossil jet fuels, the three bio-jet fuels have a great advantage on global warming potential (GWP), contributing 29.2, 43.6 and 51.2 g CO2-eq/MJ respectively. In general, as a relatively new bio-jet fuel conversion technology, the technology of aqueous phase reforming has minimal environmental impact. If the barriers of raw material availability and economy could be broken down, bio-jet fuel will have great development potential in replacing fossil jet fuel and realizing sustainable development.
Existence of the Periodic Peaked Solitary-Wave Solutions to the Camassa–Holm–Kadomtsev–Petviashvili Equation
Authors: Moon Byungsoo
Published: July 2022

Considered in this paper is the Camassa–Holm–Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (CH–KP) equation [22], which can be obtained as a model for the propagation of shallow water waves over a flat bed. It is shown that the existence of periodic peaked solitary-wave solutions to this model equation. In addition, we show that there are a multitude of solitary waves such as smooth, peakons, cuspons, stumpons, and composite like as CH equation.
Living through the COVID-19 pandemic in Mauritius: mental well-being and dependence on Facebook
Authors: Ramdawor Shilpa , Putteeraj Manish , Moty Numrata , Somanah Jhoti
Published: July 2022

Background

The unprecedented outbreak of the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) resulted in numerous psychological consequences among young Mauritians. Prominently, an increase in Facebook usage during the pandemic was observed which could influenced the mental well-being of Facebook users.

Objective

The current study sought to explore how the pattern of use, as well as the purpose of Facebook usage, could impact the mental well-being of young Mauritian adults, before, during and after the pandemic-mediated confinement.

Method

A cross-sectional approach using a sample of 378 young adults was chosen with a self-administered questionnaire shared through online mediums. The instrument consisted of a combination of validated scales and self-developed items.

Results

The findings revealed a radical proliferation of social media (91%) through a self-perceived dependency for its informative purpose and related addiction; as well as an evolution of adverse psychological effects characterized by a spectrum of feelings such as restlessness and lowered self-esteem. Higher scores of depressive symptoms were observed during the confinement period (10.05 ± 0.13) as opposed to pre- (0.31 ± 0.79) and post- (0.38 ± 0.09) temporal zones. The lowest scores of mental well-being were noted during the confinement period (0.77 ± 1.8) as compared to pre-confinement (6.56 ± 1.42) and a remarkable recovery was observed post the confinement phase (6.68 ± 1.32). Changes in emotional states were also identified as important predictors of Facebook addiction (χ2(1) = 94.54, p < 0.001) with 48.8% of the variation in the reported addiction behavior matched with 92.6% of perceived addictive characteristics.

Conclusion

Facebook dependency during the lockdown period was paired with a number of adverse psychological effects among young Mauritians; effects which were likely associated with the frequency and purpose of Facebook use during the pandemic.
Lagrangian analysis of bio-inspired vortex ring formation
Authors: Baskaran Mrudhula , Mulleners Karen
Published: July 2022

Pulsatile jet propulsion is a highly energy-efficient swimming mode used by various species of aquatic animals that continues to inspire engineers of underwater vehicles. Here, we present a bio-inspired jet propulsor that combines the flexible hull of a jellyfish with the compression motion of a scallop to create individual vortex rings for thrust generation. Similar to the biological jetters, our propulsor generates a nonlinear time-varying exit velocity profile and has a finite volume capacity. The formation process of the vortices generated by this jet profile is analysed using time-resolved velocity field measurements. The transient development of the vortex properties is characterised based on the evolution of ridges in the finite-time Lyapunov exponent field and on local extrema in the pressure field derived from the velocity data. Special attention is directed toward the vortex merging observed in the trailing shear layer. During vortex merging, the Lagrangian vortex boundaries first contract in the streamwise direction before expanding in the normal direction to keep the non-dimensional energy at its minimum value, in agreement with the Kelvin–Benjamin variational principle. The circulation, diameter and translational velocity of the vortex increase due to merging. The vortex merging takes place because the velocity of the trailing vortex is higher than the velocity of the main vortex ring prior to merging. The comparison of the temporal evolution of the Lagrangian vortex boundaries and the pressure-based vortex delimiters confirms that features in the pressure field serve as accurate and robust observables for the vortex formation process.
Taxation, Property Rights and Fiscal State: The Historical Analyses of China In Capital and Ideology
Authors: Leung Waiming
Published: July 2022

The widely acclaimed Capital and Ideology, though an important contribution to the inequality debates, is limited by its use of secondary sources and fiscal state framework in its historical analysis of China. Its arguments for a Confucian trifunctional society with property rights sacralized by nobles’ and scholars’ regalian functions, and persistently low and stagnant taxation in premodern China overly simplify the historical reality. Using primary Chinese sources, this article highlights the major oversimplifications. The information and issues presented here are also worth considering for similar social and fiscal studies of premodern China.
Total prevention: a history of schistosomiasis in Japan
Authors: Bay Alexander R.
Published: July 2022

In Japan, schistosomiasis was endemic in Yamanashi Prefecture and a few other hotspot areas where the Miya’iri snail lived. The parasite’s lifecycle relied on the intermediary Miya’iri snail as well as the human host. Parasite eggs passed into the agrarian environment through untreated night soil used as fertiliser or through the culture of open defecation in rural Japan. Manmade rice fields and irrigation ditches, night soil covered paddies and highly refined growing seasons put people in flooded rice paddies to intensively work the land in the spring and summer. The disease was equally dependent on human intervention in the natural world as it was on the natural world intervening in the human body. It is important to stress the role of both the environment and culture in disease causation. This study posits that we view the pre- and post-war national mobilisation to remake the environmental and reform the culture of the rural sector to align with public health mandates and notions of hygienic modernity as a case of total prevention.
Reassembling Society in a Nation-State: History, Language, and Identity Discourses of Belarus
Authors: Bekus Nelly
Published: July 2022

The article examines the political and cultural processes of nation-building over thirty years of independence in Belarus. It argues that in becoming a nation-state Belarus has faced challenges similar to the other post-Soviet nations but has proved an exception in the choice of strategies it used to address them. The paper examines how, on the eve of independence, the nationalist elites devised policies aimed at consolidating statehood around the national revival in opposition to the Soviet past. It explores the role played by linguistic policy and historical memory as the two main arenas for implementing their visions of Belarusian identity. The paper then maps a shift in this trajectory from Lukashenka’s rise to power to a national project based on reappropriation of Soviet legacy. Up until 2020, the state effectively navigated a geopolitical environment and adjusted its sociocultural parameters to preempt the society’s shifting expectations. Finally, the paper reflects on how protests in 2020 demonstrated both the lack of support for Lukashenka and his reliance on the violent repression and external support for remaining in power. The war in Ukraine revealed limits of Belarus’s sovereignty, while the society’s ability to consolidate for its defense has been seriously undermined by the repression.
Derivation and validation of risk prediction for posttraumatic stress symptoms following trauma exposure
Authors: Kim Raphael , Lin Tina , Pang Gehao , Liu Yufeng , Tungate Andrew S. , Hendry Phyllis L. , Kurz Michael C. , Peak David A. , Jones Jeffrey , Rathlev Niels K. , Swor Robert A. , Domeier Robert , Velilla Marc-Anthony , Lewandowski Christopher , Datner Elizabeth , Pearson Claire , Lee David , Mitchell Patricia M. , McLean Samuel A. , Linnstaedt Sarah D.
Published: July 2022

Background

Posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) are common following traumatic stress exposure (TSE). Identification of individuals with PTSS risk in the early aftermath of TSE is important to enable targeted administration of preventive interventions. In this study, we used baseline survey data from two prospective cohort studies to identify the most influential predictors of substantial PTSS.

Methods

Self-identifying black and white American women and men (n= 1546) presenting to one of 16 emergency departments (EDs) within 24 h of motor vehicle collision (MVC) TSE were enrolled. Individuals with substantial PTSS (⩾33, Impact of Events Scale – Revised) 6 months after MVC were identified via follow-up questionnaire. Sociodemographic, pain, general health, event, and psychological/cognitive characteristics were collected in the ED and used in prediction modeling. Ensemble learning methods and Monte Carlo cross-validation were used for feature selection and to determine prediction accuracy. External validation was performed on a hold-out sample (30% of total sample).

Results

Twenty-five percent (n= 394) of individuals reported PTSS 6 months following MVC. Regularized linear regression was the top performing learning method. The top 30 factors together showed good reliability in predicting PTSS in the external sample (Area under the curve = 0.79 ± 0.002). Top predictors included acute pain severity, recovery expectations, socioeconomic status, self-reported race, and psychological symptoms.

Conclusions

These analyses add to a growing literature indicating that influential predictors of PTSS can be identified and risk for future PTSS estimated from characteristics easily available/assessable at the time of ED presentation following TSE.
Size-dependent financial frictions, capital misallocation, and aggregate productivity
Authors: Zhu Xiaolu
Published: July 2022

This paper quantitatively examines the macroeconomic effects of size-dependent financial frictions on capital misallocation and aggregate total factor productivity. Based on panel data from China’s manufacturing sector, I find that among non-state-owned enterprises, (i) the dispersion of the marginal product of capital is large and persistent and (ii) large firms tend to have higher leverage, and lower mean and dispersion of the marginal product of capital than their small counterparts. This paper analyzes a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model with heterogeneous agents and size-dependent financial frictions. By calibrating the model to a Chinese firm-level dataset, I show that in addition to matching the aforementioned stylized facts, the economy with a size-dependent borrowing constraint is able to reproduce the observed negative correlation between firm size and the marginal product of capital, as well as generate quantitatively modest TFP loss. Furthermore, ignoring firms’ size-dependent financing patterns may lead to an overstatement of TFP loss due to financial frictions.
A situational analysis of primary health care centers in Brazil: challenges and opportunities for addressing mental illness and substance use-related stigma
Authors: Bobbili Sireesha Jennifer , Carrara Bruna Sordi , Fernandes Raquel Helena Hernandez , Ventura Carla Aparecida Arena
Published: July 2022

Background:

The detrimental impact of stigma toward people with mental illness and substance use problems (MISUP) is well documented. However, studies focusing on stigma reduction in Latin American primary health care (PHC) contexts are limited. This situational analysis incorporating a socioecological framework aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of MISUP-related stigma in PHC centers in Brazil. The objectives of this analysis are twofold: (1) to understand the current mental health and substance use service delivery context and (2) identify challenges and opportunities for addressing MISUP-related stigma in PHC centers in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.

Methods:

Environmental scans of four Family Health Units were conducted in early 2018 to explore population needs and service delivery for individuals with MISUP. In addition, a symposium was organized in October 2018 to consult with diverse stakeholders and gather local perspectives about MISUP-related stigma conveyed in PHC settings. NVivo 12 software was used to conduct a thematic analysis of the qualitative data collected from the environmental scans and the symposium consultation.

Results:

Themes identified at the national level in the socioecological framework indicate that political support for national policies related to reducing stigma is limited, particularly regarding social inclusion and the decentralization of mental health services. Themes at the regional, organizational, and interpersonal levels include insufficient mental health expertise and the limited involvement of those with lived experience in decision-making. Suggestions for stigma interventions were provided, including increased contact with individuals with lived experience outside of client-patient interactions, capacity building for professionals, and public education campaigns.

Conclusion:

Increased government support, capacity building, and promoting social inclusion will provide opportunities to reduce stigma and reach marginalized populations. These findings will assist with addressing current gaps in PHC mental health service provision and may inform anti-stigma strategies for Brazil and other Latin American low- and middle-income countries.
Profiles of School-Related Well-Being and Their Links to Self-Esteem and Academic Achievement
Authors: Holzer Julia , Korlat Selma , Bürger Sarah , Spiel Christiane , Schober Barbara
Published: July 2022

Abstract. School represents an essential developmental context for adolescents. Accordingly, understanding well-being in school is of utmost importance. While it has long been common to measure well-being on a general level, more recent conceptualizations emphasize its multidimensionality and context-specificity. Therefore, the present study took a person-oriented approach and investigated how profiles of adolescents’ school-related well-being differ regarding two relevant goals of schooling: academic achievement and self-esteem. School-related well-being was assessed along five dimensions: engagement, perseverance, optimism, connectedness, and happiness among Austrian students ( N = 1,484). By applying latent profile analyses, we obtained four profiles that differed primarily regarding their total school-related well-being scores and the expression of connectedness. Generally, groups with a higher total score displayed higher academic achievement and self-esteem. However, there are also exceptions standing out from that pattern. Different constellations are discussed, aiming to contribute to further differentiating research on well-being in the school-context.
In the Midst of a Pandemic
Authors: Beltman Susan , Hascher Tina , Mansfield Caroline
Published: July 2022

Abstract. The COVID-19 pandemic confronted teachers with unprecedented challenges to their well-being. Drawing on theories of teacher well-being and resilience, this qualitative study explores how teachers experience well-being in their work during the pandemic and the resilience process of activating strategies to maintain their well-being. Participants were 26 teachers from Australian primary and secondary schools. While teachers experienced personal stress or anxiety, they consciously adopted a positive outlook and deliberately engaged in various activities to restore their well-being. Relations with students and colleagues were constraints as well as key enablers of well-being. At the organizational level, flexibility and practical resources provided by schools was an enabler reported by all participants. The study is limited as teachers were from one location, but they reflected a range of schools, roles, and experiences. Findings indicate the proactive approach of teachers and the importance of contextual resources in restoring their well-being during the pandemic.