bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The European Chemical Society (EuChemS)
Authors: Cole‐Hamilton David J.
Published: July 2018

The European Chemical Society (EuChemS) coordinates the work of almost all the European Chemical Societies. As an organization, it provides an independent and authoritative voice on all matters relating to chemistry, and try to place chemistry at the heart of policy in Europe. Furthermore, EuChemS seeks to develop its members through various activities, workshops and awards. Particularly, EuChemS has fostered growth in its young members through the European Young Chemists′ Network. Beyond Europe, EuChemS has collaborated with various organizations in bringing chemistry out of the lab and into society in building a sustainable future for everyone.
Microporous Plasmonic Capsules as Stable Molecular Sieves for Direct SERS Quantification of Small Pollutants in Natural Waters
Authors: Mariño‐Lopez Andrea , Sousa‐Castillo Ana , Blanco‐Formoso Maria , Furini Leonardo N. , Rodríguez‐Lorenzo Laura , Pazos‐Perez Nicolas , Guerrini Luca , Pérez‐Lorenzo Moises , Correa‐Duarte Miguel A. , Alvarez‐Puebla Ramon A.
Published: July 2018

Fast and versatile optical SERS methods represent a major advance in chemical analysis of environmental samples such as water. To date, however, these ultrasensitive methods are hindered by two key drawbacks: (i) colloidal stability and (ii) chemical diversity, both arising from the compositional complexity of natural samples. Here, we present an engineered material that, due to its unique microporous structure, imparts colloidal stability and provides selectivity while confining a densely populated film of gold nanoparticles optimized for the generation of large electromagnetic fields. The material is tested against natural water for the ultraquantification of dichlorodiphenyl‐trichloroethane (DDT), a ubiquitous environmental pollutant.
Distributed Whale Optimization Algorithm based on MapReduce
Authors: Khalil Yasser , Alshayeji Mohammad , Ahmad Imtiaz
Published: July 2018

Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) is a recent swarm intelligence based meta‐heuristic optimization algorithm, which simulates the natural behavior of bubble‐net hunting strategy of humpback whales and has been successfully applied to solve complex optimization problems in a wide range of disciplines. However, when applied to large‐size problems, its performance degrades due to the need of massive computational work load. Distributed computing is one of the effective ways to improve the scalability of WOA for solving large‐scale problems. In this paper, we propose a simple and robust distributed implementation of WOA using Hadoop MapReduce named MR‐WOA. MapReduce paradigm is adopted as the distribution model since it is one of the most mature technologies to develop parallel algorithms which automatically handles communication, load balancing, data locality, and fault tolerance. The design of MR‐WOA is discussed in details using the MapReduce paradigm. Experiments are conducted for a set of well‐known benchmarks for evaluating the quality, speedup, and scalability of MR‐WOA. The conducted experiments reveal that our approach achieves a promising speedup. For some benchmarks, speedup scales linearly with increasing the number of computational nodes.
Electron burst driven by near electric field effects of lower‐hybrid launchers
Authors: Valade L. , Ekedahl A. , Ghendrih P. , Sarazin Y. , Asahi Y. , Bufferand H. , Caschera E. , Di Cintio P. , Ciraolo G. , Dif‐Pradalier G. , Donnel P. , Garbet X. , Giorgi P.‐A. , Grandgirard V. , Latu G. , Lepri S. , Livi R. , Nouri A. , Serre E.
Published: July 2018

Hotspot generation by lower‐hybrid (LH) launchers is found to be governed by a resonance in the plasma electric field response to the external drive. The kinetic analysis in 1D‐1V in the parallel direction allows one to compute the amplification effect for small amplitude of the external drive. The resonant Lorentzian response distorts the distribution function. An island structure is formed in the suprathermal part at the phase velocity of the external electrostatic drive. The non‐linear features enhance the plasma response, driving overlap effects between multiple waves at rather low amplitude. The onset of a plateau in the distribution function, with extent reaching one thermal velocity, is already obtained when the standard overlap condition is achieved. The sensitivity of the resonance to plasma parameters and large variation of the amplification magnitude can compensate the fast radial decay of the small‐scale features generated by the LH launchers, which are responsible for the interaction with the cold electrons. This mechanism can trigger hotspot generation further in the scrape‐off layer than otherwise expected.
An intensive family‐based treatment guided intervention for medically hospitalized youth with anorexia nervosa: Parental self‐efficacy and weight‐related outcomes
Authors: Matthews Abigail , Peterson Claire M. , Peugh James , Mitan Laurie
Published: July 2018

Recent studies suggest the efficacy of family‐based treatment (FBT) among youth with anorexia nervosa (AN) in intensive treatment settings. This study aimed to assess weight outcomes in youth who received an FBT intervention while hospitalized for medical complications of AN. Parental self‐efficacy among participating caregivers was also measured. Post‐discharge weights of 49 participants were compared with weights of 44 youth who were hospitalized prior to the provision of the FBT intervention. Youth who received the FBT intervention gained significantly more weight than youth in the retrospective treatment as usual group at 3 and 6 months following discharge. FBT youth were 2.84 times more likely than retrospective treatment as usual youth to achieve at least 95% of treatment goal weight at 6 months post‐discharge. Finally, parental self‐efficacy significantly increased in caregivers who participated in the FBT intervention. Findings provided preliminary support for the provision of FBT to medically hospitalized youth with AN.
Network analysis of specific psychopathology and psychiatric symptoms in patients with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Solmi Marco , Collantoni Enrico , Meneguzzo Paolo , Tenconi Elena , Favaro Angela
Published: July 2018

Background

Network analysis is increasingly applied to psychiatric populations to understand relationships among symptoms.

Methods

Network analysis was applied on 955 patients with anorexia nervosa (AN; 631 restricting‐type [ANR] and 324 binge eating‐/purging‐type [ANBP]), assessed with Symptom Check‐List 90 (SCL‐90), Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI), and Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire.

Results

Depression, anxiety, interpersonal sensitivity (SCL‐90), and ineffectiveness (EDI) had the highest centrality (strength from 1.19 to 1.35 in ANBP, and from 1.15 to 1.51 in ANR). Body mass index (BMI) had low centrality (0.14 ANBP and 0.41 ANR). Drive for thinness showed the strongest correlation with central nodes in ANBP (correlation around 0.44) and ANR (correlation range 0.38–0.47), and drive for thinness had higher centrality in ANR (1.15) than in ANBP (0.81), whereas body dissatisfaction in ANBP (0.73) than in ANR (0.61).

Discussion

In addition to ED‐core symptoms, psychiatric comorbid symptoms should be the focus of specific treatments in patients with AN, independently from BMI.
Bariatric surgery in obese patients reduced resting connectivity of brain regions involved with self‐referential processing
Authors: Li Guanya , Ji Gang , Hu Yang , Xu Mingzhu , Jin Qingchao , Liu Li , von Deneen Karen M. , Zhao Jizheng , Chen Antao , Cui Guangbin , Wang Huaning , Zhao Qingchuan , Wu Kaichun , Shokri‐Kojori Ehsan , Tomasi Dardo , Volkow Nora D. , Nie Yongzhan , Zhang Yi , Wang Gene‐Jack
Published: July 2018

Obese individuals exhibit brain alterations of resting‐state functional connectivity (RSFC) integrity of resting‐state networks (RSNs) related to food intake. Bariatric surgery is currently the most effective treatment for combating morbid obesity. How bariatric surgery influences neurocircuitry is mostly unknown. Functional connectivity density (FCD) mapping was employed to calculate local (lFCD)/global (gFCD) voxelwise connectivity metrics in 22 obese participants who underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging before and 1 month after sleeve gastrectomy (SG), and in 19 obese controls (Ctr) without surgery but tested twice (baseline and 1‐month later). Two factor (group, time) repeated measures ANOVA was used to assess main and interaction effects in lFCD/gFCD; regions of interest were identified for subsequent seed to voxel connectivity analyses to assess resting‐state functional connectivity and to examine association with weight loss. Bariatric surgery significantly decreased lFCD in VMPFC, posterior cingulate cortex (PCC)/precuneus, and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC)/dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC) and decreased gFCD in VMPFC, right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and right insula (pFWE < .05). lFCD decreased in VMPFC and PCC/precuneus correlated with reduction in BMI after surgery. Seed to voxel connectivity analyses showed the VMPFC had stronger connectivity with left DLPFC and weaker connectivity with hippocampus/parahippocampus, and PCC/precuneus had stronger connectivity with right caudate and left DLPFC after surgery. Bariatric surgery significantly decreased FCD in regions involved in self‐referential processing (VMPFC, DMPFC, dACC, and precuneus), and interoception (insula), and changes in VMPFC/precuneus were associated with reduction in BMI suggesting a role in improving control of eating behaviors following surgery.
Variability in volatile compounds from lipoxygenase pathway in extra virgin olive oils from Tuscan olive germoplasm by quantitative SPME/GC‐MS
Authors: Aprea Eugenio , Gasperi Flavia , Betta Emanuela , Sani Graziano , Cantini Claudio
Published: July 2018

A quantitative method, based on SPME GC‐MS, for the quantification of volatile compounds derived from lipoxygenase pathway, considered the most important for the aroma of high‐quality olive oil, was developed. The method was used to study the variation within the extra virgin olive oils from 67 cultivars of the Tuscan olive germplasm conserved at “Santa Paolina” experimental farm (Follonica, Italy). A great variability was observed among the 67 cultivars both for the total amount of volatile compounds and for the different ratios between the groups of volatile compounds from common precursors. The aim was to obtain basic information on the characteristics and the quality of the oils obtainable from nonwidely cultivated olive varieties. These data can support the reintroduction in the production chain of old autochthonous varieties and for exploitation in breeding programs as a source of positive characters to transmit to the progeny.
Does daily proactivity affect well‐being? The moderating role of punitive supervision
Authors: Cangiano Francesco , Parker Sharon K. , Yeo Gillian B.
Published: July 2018

Proactive behavior (self‐initiated and future‐oriented actions to bring about change) has largely positive consequences for organizationally oriented outcomes such as job performance. Yet the outcomes of proactivity from a well‐being perspective have not been clearly considered. Drawing on self‐determination theory and the stressor‐detachment model, we propose two distinct paths by which proactivity affects individuals' daily well‐being. The first path is an energy‐generating pathway in which daily proactive behavior enhances end‐of‐work‐day vitality via perceived competence. The second is a strain pathway in which daily proactive behavior generates anxiety at work, which undermines the process of detachment from work. We argue that these pathways are shaped by the extent to which supervisors are prone to blaming employees for their mistakes (punitive supervision). We tested this model using a sample of 94 employees who completed surveys three times a day for between 5 and 7 days. Our multilevel analyses provide support for the proposed dual‐pathway model and suggest differential well‐being outcomes of daily proactive work behavior. Overall, when an individual behaves proactively at work, they are more likely to experience higher levels of daily perceived competence and vitality. However, these positive effects can exist in parallel with daily negative effects on end‐of‐workday anxiety, and hence bedtime detachment, but only when the supervisor is perceived to be punitive about mistakes.
Prolonged seasonal drought events over northern China and their possible causes
Authors: Li Xiao , Li Dongliang , Li Xing , Chen Lian
Published: July 2018

The features and possible causes of prolonged seasonal drought (PSD) events over northern China (NC) during 1960–2012 are explored in this study using the multi‐scale standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI). The results show that PSD events (i.e., drought events with a timescale of 9 months or less) have had a relatively high probability of occurrence from spring to autumn during the past five decades. The results of the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis show that the leading mode of the SPEI09 in autumn reflects a broad pattern of drought in NC, which confirms the existence of the PSD events. Furthermore, we conclude that two factors, teleconnection patterns in the mid‐latitudes of Eurasia and transitions from La Niña to El Niño, are mainly responsible for the PSD events. On the one hand, the associated teleconnection patterns in the upper‐level troposphere show an Eurasian (EU)‐like pattern in spring, the Silk Road (SR) pattern or the circumglobal teleconnection (CGT) pattern in summer, and a Scandinavia (SCA)‐like pattern in autumn, respectively. Associated with these teleconnection patterns, descending anomalies are detected in the whole atmosphere over NC in all seasons. On the other hand, the transition from La Niña (winter) to El Niño (the following autumn) also exerts effects on the PSD through modulating the Walker circulation and the meridional vertical circulation along the coast of East Asia. However, this process is more effective in spring relative to summer and autumn. In addition, physical connections likely exist among these factors, and their combined effects, together with the insufficient moisture supply, regulate the PSD events over NC.
Polyacetal‐Based Combination Therapy for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Plyduang Thipapun , Armiñán Ana , Movellan Julie , England Richard M. , Wiwattanapatapee Ruedeekorn , Vicent María J.
Published: July 2018

The high incidence of prostate carcinogenesis has prompted the search for novel effective treatment approaches. We have employed curcumin (Curc) and diethylstilbestrol (DES) to synthesize a series of polyacetal (PA)‐based combination conjugates for prostate cancer (PCa) treatment. Given their bihydroxyl functionalities, Curc and DES molecules were incorporated into a PA mainchain using a one‐pot reaction between diols and divinyl ethers. The PA‐conjugates released both drugs under acidic conditions, such as those found in the tumor microenvironment, endosomes, or lysosomes, while remaining stable at neutral pH 7.4. The drug ratio was optimized to achieve anticancer drug synergism with elevated cytotoxicity against LNCaP‐hormone‐dependent human PCa cells conferred via the induction of S phase cell cycle arrest by the upregulation of p53 and CDK inhibitors p21Waf/CIP1 and downregulation of cyclin D1. The application of rationally designed PA‐Curc‐DES combination conjugates represents a potentially exciting new treatment for prostate cancer.
In Situ Network Formation in PBT Vitrimers via Processing‐Induced Deprotection Chemistry
Authors: Zhou Yanwu , Goossens Johannes G. P. , van den Bergen Sjarco , Sijbesma Rint P. , Heuts Johan P. A.
Published: July 2018

Although the network dynamics and mechanical properties of poly(butylene terephthalate) vitrimers can to some extent be controlled via chemical and physical approaches, it remains a challenge to be able to process PBT vitrimers with the same processing conditions via, for example, injection molding as neat PBT. Here, it is shown that the use of protected pentaerythritol as a latent cross‐linker and the use of a Zn(II) transesterification catalyst allows for the in situ dynamic network formation in PBT during processing, with a delayed onset of gelation. This process can be controlled by adjusting the processing temperature, (protected) cross‐linker content, and the type of protection group. This solvent‐free deprotection strategy opens the way to high production rates of PBT vitrimer products via injection molding with the combination of low viscosity during processing and vitrimer characteristics in the final product.
Stepwise Self‐Assembly and Dynamic Exchange of Supramolecular Nanocages Based on Terpridine Building Blocks
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Wang Heng , Shi Junjuan , Xu Yaping , Wang Lei , Shihadeh Sammy , Zhao Fu‐Jie , Hao Xin‐Qi , Wang Pingshan , Liu Changlin , Wang Ming , Li Xiaopeng
Published: July 2018

Coordination‐driven self‐assembly as a powerful bottom‐up approach has been extensively used to construct multifarious supramolecular architectures with increasing complexity and functionality. Due to the unique cavity structures and precisely controllable dimensions, 3D supramolecules display unprecedented properties and functions in catalysis, sensing, gas storage, and smart materials. Herein, we have built two 3D nanocages with different sizes by changing the length of the organic ligand arms. The structures were characterized by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, electrospray ionization‐mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS), traveling wave ion mobility‐mass spectrometry (TWIM‐MS), gradient tandem‐mass spectrometry (gMS2), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, the intermolecular dynamic exchange of two 3D nanocages was conducted to construct a series of hybrid 3D structures as evidenced by mass spectrometry.
Notes on gap solitons for periodic discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equations
Authors: Ding Liang , Wei Jinlong
Published: July 2018

Consider a class of periodic discrete Schrödinger equations

urn:x-wiley:mma:media:mma5183:mma5183-math-0001
Under the condition of
, by applying the linking theorem, Pankov obtained the existence of gap solitons. Pankov's result was then generalized to various type of nonlinear function fn, but most of studying works were concentrated on the case of
as t→0
. In this paper, by ingeniously using Ekeland variational principle, for the nonlinearity which meets
as t→0 (s1 ∈ (0,1)), we obtain the existence of gap solitons, which supplements the existing ones and gives a positive answer in part to the open problem proposed by Pankov.
Applicability of hypoplasticity to reconstituted peat from drained triaxial tests
Authors: Muraro Stefano , Mašín David , Jommi Cristina
Published: July 2018

Proper understanding of the deviatoric behaviour of peats represents a challenge in soil mechanics. Exceptional high compressibility together with extremely high friction angles distinguishes peats from classical organic soils. Considerable amount of triaxial test data on peats can be found in the literature, mostly coming from standard undrained triaxial compression tests. However, only a minor part was intended to describe their prefailure behaviour. Also, limiting the investigation to the undrained response reduces the information on those ingredients of constitutive models, which are necessary to describe the deformational behaviour. This contribution aims to provide better insight into the prefailure deformational behaviour of peats, by analysing in detail the results of non‐standard drained tests at various stress paths and undrained tests performed on reconstituted peat samples. Based on the experimental findings, an existing hypoplastic model, originally developed for fine‐grained soils, has been adapted to capture the behaviour of peats. The model is directly calibrated on selected experimental results and validated on a variety of different stress path tests. The results reveal the merits of hypoplasticity in modelling the nonlinearity of the prefailure behaviour and the directional response of peats, which both are of great importance when assessing the serviceability limit states of geotechnical structures founded on peats.
Parental involvement in decision‐making about their child’s health care at the hospital
Authors: Aarthun Antje , Øymar Knut A. , Akerjordet Kristin
Published: July 2018

Aim

To explore parents' experiences on parental involvement in decision‐making about their child's health care at the hospital and to identify how health professionals can improve parental involvement.

Design

An explorative descriptive qualitative study within a constructivist research paradigm.

Methods

Individual semistructured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 12 parents. Qualitative content analysis was performed.

Results

This study gives unique insight into how parental involvement in children's healthcare decisions influence parents' ability to cope with the parental role at the hospital. The results showed that parents' competence and perceived influence and control over their child's health care appeared to affect how they mastered their role of involvement in decision‐making. Individually tailored and respectful facilitation of parental involvement in these decisions by health professionals seemed to improve parents' influence, control and ability to cope with the parental role. Nurses should thus strengthen parents' sense of coherence enhancing the quality of health care.
Serious hepatotoxicity following use of isoniazid preventive therapy in HIV patients in Eritrea
Authors: Russom Mulugeta , Debesai Merhawi , Zeregabr Mehari , Berhane Araia , Tekeste Theodros , Teklesenbet Teklezghi
Published: July 2018

WHO information note indicates that isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) is generally safe with little risk of hepatotoxicity. However, when the policy of IPT for HIV patients was introduced in Eritrea, frequent IPT‐associated hepatotoxicity and fatality have been reported to the Pharmacovigilance Centre. The aim of the study is to assess the causal association of IPT and hepatotoxicity and identify possible risk factors in patients on Highly Active Anti‐retroviral Therapy (HAART). This is a case series assessment of spontaneously reported cases to the Eritrean Pharmacovigilance Centre. Data extracted from VigiFlow (reported between 2014 and 2016) were exported to excel spread sheet for descriptive and qualitative analysis. Naranjo probability scale and Austin Bradford‐Hill criteria were used to assess causality. The P‐Method was used to assess preventability. A total of 31 of cases of hepatotoxicity related to IPT were retrieved. Majority (80.6%) of the cases were marked as “serious” due to life‐threatening situation (n = 15), hospitalization (n = 6), and death (n = 4). Baseline liver function test was normal in 61.3% and hepatitis B and C infections were ruled out in 77.4%. IPT was discontinued in 26 cases and reaction abated in 22 of them. Causality assessment using Austin Bradford‐Hill criteria found that the association was strong, consistent and specific with a plausible temporal relationship and biological mechanism. IPT‐associated hepatotoxicity that led to treatment interruption and death was observed in patients on HAART in Eritrea. Hence, close laboratory monitoring of patients is recommended to minimize the risk.
Sensitive and Reproducible Immunoassay of Multiple Mycotoxins Using Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering Mapping on 3D Plasmonic Nanopillar Arrays
Authors: Wang Xiaokun , Park Sung‐Gyu , Ko Juhui , Xiao Xiaofei , Giannini Vincenzo , Maier Stefan A. , Kim Dong‐Ho , Choo Jaebum
Published: July 2018

A surface‐enhanced Raman scattering‐based mapping technique is reported for the highly sensitive and reproducible analysis of multiple mycotoxins. Raman images of three mycotoxins, ochratoxin A (OTA), fumonisin B (FUMB), and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) are obtained by rapidly scanning the surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanotags‐anchoring mycotoxins captured on a nanopillar plasmonic substrate. In this system, the decreased gap distance between nanopillars by their leaning effects as well as the multiple hot spots between SERS nanotags and nanopillars greatly enhances the coupling of local plasmonic fields. This strong enhancement effect makes it possible to perform a highly sensitive detection of multiple mycotoxins. In addition, the high uniformity of the densely packed nanopillar substrate minimizes the spot‐to‐spot fluctuations of the Raman peak intensity in the scanned area when Raman mapping is performed. Consequently, this makes it possible to gain a highly reproducible quantitative analysis of mycotoxins. The limit of detections (LODs) are determined to be 5.09, 5.11, and 6.07 pg mL−1 for OTA, FUMB, and AFB1, and these values are approximately two orders of magnitude more sensitive than those determined by the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. It is believed that this SERS‐based mapping technique provides a facile tool for the sensitive and reproducible quantification of various biotarget molecules.
Transverse momentum dependent transversely polarized distributions at next-to-next-to-leading-order
Authors: Gutierrez-Reyes Daniel , Scimemi Ignazio , Vladimirov Alexey
Published: July 2018

Abstract

We calculate the matching of the transversity and pretzelosity transverse momentum dependent distributions (TMD) on transversity collinear distribution at the next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO). We find that the matching coefficient for pretzelosity distribution is zero, despite the matrix element for it is nontrivial. This result suggests that the pretzelosity matches a twist-4 distribution. The matching for transversity TMD distributions is provided for both parton distribution functions and fragmentation functions cases.
Subsequent Migration of Immigrants Within Australia, 1981–2016
Authors: Raymer James , Baffour Bernard
Published: July 2018

Australia is a major immigration country and immigrants currently represent around 28% of the total population. The aim of this research is to understand the long-term consequences of this immigration and, particularly, how migrants respond to opportunities within the country after arriving through the process of subsequent (internal) migration. The focus is on major immigrant groups in Australia, including persons born in the United Kingdom, New Zealand, China and India, and how their patterns differ from persons born in Australia. To conduct this analysis, we have gathered data for a 35-year period based on quinquennial census data. We also obtained birthplace-specific mortality data for constructing multiregional life tables for the immigrant populations. Subsequent migration is important for understanding population redistribution, and the relative attractiveness of destinations within host countries. Our results highlight the importance of subsequent migration and the diversity of migration behaviours amongst different immigrant groups in the context of overall declines in internal migration since 1981.
Proximal Iliotibial Band Syndrome in a Runner: A Case Report
Authors: Decker Gregory , Hunt Devyani
Published: July 2018

Overuse injuries of the hip are frequent among runners and often present a diagnostic dilemma requiring imaging modalities beyond radiographs, delayed diagnosis, and prolonged time away from sport and activity. We report a case of a 38‐year‐old female recreational runner with progressive lateral hip pain and magnetic resonance imaging findings of edema along the gluteal aponeurotic fascia and origin of the tensor fascia lata muscle consistent with the diagnosis of enthesopathy of the proximal iliotibial band.

Level of Evidence

V
Honeycomb seal technology achieves superior sealing effect in centrifugal air compressor – Part II
Authors: Zhang Lihao , He Lidong , Hu Hangling , Feng Haoran
Published: July 2018

Through the use of a detailed case study, this article – published in two parts – explains why honeycomb seals, which are used mainly in the aerospace industry, have the potential to be successfully applied to rotating turbine machinery used in the industrial sector. The authors analyse the way in which seals in a centrifugal air compressor in use at a coal chemicals enterprise in Inner Mongolia have failed, and describe how honeycomb seals have solved the sealing-related problems at the company's facility. Following on from the first part that was published in the June 2018 issue of Sealing Technology (pages 5–10), the second instalment, which appears here, covers the numerical results of the axial force produced by the balance hub, using the lateral teeth seal and honeycomb seal. It also discusses the achievements of the honeycomb seal technology and the way in which it has been applied, together with various conclusions.
Development and validation of a bedside instrument to predict carbapenem resistance among gram-negative pathogens in complicated urinary tract infections
Authors: Zilberberg Marya D. , Nathanson Brian H. , Sulham Kate , Fan Weihong , Shorr Andrew F.
Published: July 2018

We developed a bedside instrument to predict carbapenem resistance in complicated urinary tract infections. A model assigning weighted points for admission from an extended care facility (1), history of weight loss (1), early mechanical ventilation (1), age <50 years (2), male gender (3), catheter-associated urinary tract infection (4), prior antibiotics treatment (4), and prior carbapenem-resistant infection (8) exhibited good discrimination (C statistic, 0.721).
Detecting Heterogeneity and Inferring Latent Roles in Longitudinal Networks
Authors: Campbell Benjamin W.
Published: July 2018

Network analysis has typically examined the formation of whole networks while neglecting variation within or across networks. These approaches neglect the particular roles actors may adopt within networks. While cross-sectional approaches for inferring latent roles exist, there is a paucity of approaches for considering roles in longitudinal networks. This paper explores the conceptual dynamics of temporally observed roles while deriving and introducing a novel statistical tool, the ego-TERGM, capable of uncovering these latent dynamics. Estimated through an Expectation–Maximization algorithm, the ego-TERGM is quick and accurate in classifying roles within a broader temporal network. An application to the Kapferer strike network illustrates the model’s utility.
Virgin olive oil and its phenol fraction modulate monocyte/macrophage functionality: a potential therapeutic strategy in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Aparicio-Soto Marina , Montserrat-de la Paz Sergio , Sanchez-Hidalgo Marina , Cardeno Ana , Bermudez Beatriz , Muriana Francisco J. G. , Alarcon-de-la-Lastra Catalina
Published: July 2018

Monocytes and macrophages are critical effectors and regulators of inflammation and innate immune response, which appear altered in different autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Recent studies suggested that virgin olive oil (VOO) and particularly its phenol compounds might possess preventive effects on different immune-inflammatory diseases, including SLE. Here, we evaluated the effects of VOO (and sunflower oil) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated peritoneal macrophages from a model of pristane-induced SLE in BALB/c mice, as well as those of the phenol fraction (PF) from VOO on the immune-inflammatory activity and plasticity in monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages from healthy volunteers. The release of nitrite and inflammatory cytokines was lower in LPS-treated peritoneal macrophages from pristane-SLE mice fed the VOO diet when compared with the sunflower oil diet. PF from VOO similarly decreased the secretion of nitrite and inflammatory cytokines and expression of inducible nitric oxide, PPARγand Toll-like receptor 4 in LPS-treated human monocytes. PF from VOO also prevented the deregulation of human monocyte subset distribution by LPS and blocked the genetic signature of M1 macrophages while favouring the phenotype of M2 macrophages upon canonical polarisation of naïve human macrophages. For the first time, our study provides several lines ofin vivoandin vitroevidence that VOO and PF from VOO target and counteract inflammatory pathways in the monocyte–macrophage lineage of mice with pristane-induced SLE and of healthy subjects, which is a meaningful foundation for further development and application in preclinical and clinical use of PF from VOO in patients with SLE.
Small sets containing any pattern
Authors: MOLTER URSULA , YAVICOLI ALEXIA
Published: July 2018

Given any dimension function h, we construct a perfect set E ⊆ ${\mathbb{R}}$ of zero h-Hausdorff measure, that contains any finite polynomial pattern.

This is achieved as a special case of a more general construction in which we have a family of functions $\mathcal{F}$ that satisfy certain conditions and we construct a perfect set E in ${\mathbb{R}}^N$, of h-Hausdorff measure zero, such that for any finite set {f1,. . .,fn} ⊆ $\mathcal{F}$, E satisfies that $\bigcap_{i=1}^n f^{-1}_i(E)\neq\emptyset$.

We also obtain an analogous result for the images of functions. Additionally we prove some related results for countable (not necessarily finite) intersections, obtaining, instead of a perfect set, an $\mathcal{F}_{\sigma}$ set without isolated points.
Prosodic rhythm, cultural background, and interaction in adolescent urban vernaculars in Paris: case studies and comparisons
Authors: FAGYAL ZSUZSANNA , TORGERSEN EIVIND
Published: July 2018

This article presents the results of a corpus study of prosodic rhythm in the urban vernaculars of 24 female and male adolescents featured in the MPF corpus (Gardner-Chloros et al., 2014). Using canonical rhythm metrics, among them the normalized Pairwise Variability Index (nPVI), we show that there is no clear effect of gender and only a small effect of cultural background on the variability of adjacent vocalic and consonantal duration intervals, typically correlated with more or less syllable-timed rhythm. However, female and male teens with multicultural background who clearly dominated their conversational exchanges with their peers and also used multiple phonetic features attributed to adolescent urban-vernaculars in French tended to show more variability in interval durations, pointing to more stress-timed rhythm. We discuss these findings in comparison with other urban contact varieties in Europe and North America. We speculate that rather than the leveling of phonological contrasts, as in London English, or societal pressures to conform to monolingual norms, as in French spoken in minority contexts in Ontario, Canada, rhythm-type differences in the present corpus are tied to speakers’ allophonic repertoires and best thought of as elements of interactional styles.
Strasbourg, another setting for sociolinguistic variation in contemporary French
Authors: MARCHESSOU AGNES
Published: July 2018

This paper reports on language practices in the city of Strasbourg, in a multi-ethnic working class neighbourhood. This provides a comparative setting to identify whether linguistic features are spreading between French cities. Data were collected from young speakers (16 to 21) using an ethnographic approach over a year. First, this paper will briefly review the literature on language variation research in France. Second, a comparison of vernacular features will be carried out, focusing on lexical innovations, indirect questions following the verb savoir (Gardner-Chloros and Secova, this issue), quotative systems (Cheshire and Secova, this issue) and discourse markers. Finally, the ethnographic data collected as part of this research will be used to consider how multi-ethnic working class neighbourhoods in France are connected with each other, and how language may be travelling between settings.
Paris: a sociolinguistic comparative perspective
Authors: BRITAIN DAVID
Published: July 2018

This article assesses the sociolinguistic impact and importance of the other articles in this special issue on Paris, considering three main themes that are evoked. First, the contribution of the articles here to the development of work on language variation and change on Hexagonal French within the variationist paradigm. Second, I address what I see as the important contribution made to our understanding of the ‘city’ as a sociolinguistic site. Finally, I focus on ethnicity as a social construct in recent variationist work in cities and consider what the articles here, and in comparison with cities elsewhere, add to our understanding of the impact of immigration on local manifestations of language variability. In each case, I attempt to show how these articles foreground or even problematize these three issues, and provide a prospectus for further research that can address unresolved questions.
Differentiated integration and the principle of loyalty
Authors: Miglio Alberto
Published: July 2018

Differentiated integration – Internal and external differentiation – Duty of loyalty – Loyalty as a constraint on differentiation – Agreements between member states – Unity of Union action – Relationship between enhanced cooperation and inter se agreements
A Combined Tree Ring and Vegetation Model Assessment of European Forest Growth Sensitivity to Interannual Climate Variability
Authors: Klesse S. , Babst F. , Lienert S. , Spahni R. , Joos F. , Bouriaud O. , Carrer M. , Di Filippo A. , Poulter B. , Trotsiuk V. , Wilson R. , Frank D. C.
Published: July 2018

The response of forest growth to climate variability varies along environmental gradients. A growth increase and decrease with warming is usually observed in cold‐humid and warm‐dry regions, respectively. However, it remains poorly known where the sign of these temperature effects switches. Here we introduce a newly developed European tree ring network that has been specifically collected to reconstruct forest aboveground biomass increment (ABI). We quantify, how the long‐term (1910–2009) interannual variability of ABI depends on local mean May–August temperature and test, if a dynamic global vegetation model ensemble reflects the resulting patterns. We find that sites at 8 °C mean May–August temperature increase ABI on average by 5.7 ± 1.3%, whereas sites at 20 °C decrease ABI by 3.0 ± 1.8% m−2 year−1 Δ°C−1. A threshold temperature between beneficial and detrimental effects of warming and the associated increase in water demand on tree growth emerged at 15.9 ± 1.4 °C mean May–August temperature. Because interannual variability increases proportionally with mean growth rate—that is, the coefficient of variation stays constant—we were able to validate these findings with a much larger tree ring data set that had been established following classic dendrochronological sampling schemes. While the observed climate sensitivity pattern is well reflected in the dynamic global vegetation model ensemble, there is a large spread of threshold temperatures between the individual models. Also, individual models disagree strongly on the magnitude of climate impact at the coldest and warmest locations, suggesting where model improvement is most needed to more accurately predict forest growth and effectively guide silvicultural practices.
Comment on “Surface Air Relative Humidities Spuriously Exceeding 100% in CMIP5 Model Output and Their Impact on Future Projections” by K. Ruosteenoja et al. (2017)
Authors: Genthon Christophe , Forbes Richard , Vignon Etienne , Gettelman Andrew , Madeleine Jean‐Baptiste
Published: July 2018

Key Points

Ruosteenoja et al.'s () claim that supersaturation in the surface atmosphere is unrealistic and necessarily spurious and incorrect

Supersaturations are a reality that an increasing number of atmospheric models can reproduce even in the surface atmosphere

Modelers should not artificially cap relative humidity at 100% when feeding climate model archives
Myelofibrosis Treatment Algorithm 2018
Authors: Tefferi Ayalew , Guglielmelli Paola , Pardanani Animesh , Vannucchi Alessandro M.
Published: July 2018

Two novel prognostic systems for primary myelofibrosis (PMF) were recently unveiled: GIPSS (genetically inspired prognostic scoring system) and MIPSS70 (mutation-enhanced international prognostic scoring system for transplant-age patients). GIPSS is based exclusively on genetic markers: mutations and karyotype. MIPSS70 includes mutations and clinical risk factors. In its most recent adaptation, the prognostic value of MIPSS70 has been bolstered by the inclusion of a three-tiered cytogenetic risk stratification and use of hemoglobin thresholds that are adjusted for sex and severity (MIPSS70+ version 2.0). GIPSS features four, MIPSS70 three, and MIPSS70+ version 2.0 five risk categories. MIPSS70 is most useful in the absence of cytogenetic information. MIPSS70+ version 2.0 is more comprehensive than MIPSS70 and is the preferred model in the presence of cytogenetic information. Both MIPSS70 and MIPSS70+ version 2.0 require an online score calculator (http://www.mipss70score.it). GIPPS offers a lower complexity prognostic tool that reliably identifies candidates for allogeneic stem cell transplant (GIPSS high-risk disease) or long-term observation with little or no therapeutic intervention (GIPSS low-risk disease). Ultimately, we favor a step-wise prognostication approach that starts with GIPSS but also considers MIPSS70+ version 2.0 for confirming the most appropriate treatment approach for the individual patient.
A PDGFRα-driven mouse model of glioblastoma reveals a stathmin1-mediated mechanism of sensitivity to vinblastine
Authors: Jun Hyun Jung , Appleman Vicky A. , Wu Hua-Jun , Rose Christopher M. , Pineda Javier J. , Yeo Alan T. , Delcuze Bethany , Lee Charlotte , Gyuris Aron , Zhu Haihao , Woolfenden Steve , Bronisz Agnieszka , Nakano Ichiro , Chiocca Ennio A. , Bronson Roderick T. , Ligon Keith L. , Sarkaria Jann N. , Gygi Steve P. , Michor Franziska , Mitchison Timothy J. , Charest Al
Published: July 2018

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive primary brain cancer that includes focal amplification of PDGFRα and for which there are no effective therapies. Herein, we report the development of a genetically engineered mouse model of GBM based on autocrine, chronic stimulation of overexpressed PDGFRα, and the analysis of GBM signaling pathways using proteomics. We discover the tubulin-binding protein Stathmin1 (STMN1) as a PDGFRα phospho-regulated target, and that this mis-regulation confers sensitivity to vinblastine (VB) cytotoxicity. Treatment of PDGFRα-positive mouse and a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) GBMs with VB in mice prolongs survival and is dependent on STMN1. Our work reveals a previously unconsidered link between PDGFRα activity and STMN1, and highlight an STMN1-dependent cytotoxic effect of VB in GBM.
Calcium is an essential cofactor for metal efflux by the ferroportin transporter family
Authors: Deshpande Chandrika N. , Ruwe T. Alex , Shawki Ali , Xin Vicky , Vieth Kyle R. , Valore Erika V. , Qiao Bo , Ganz Tomas , Nemeth Elizabeta , Mackenzie Bryan , Jormakka Mika
Published: July 2018

Ferroportin (Fpn)—the only known cellular iron exporter—transports dietary and recycled iron into the blood plasma, and transfers iron across the placenta. Despite its central role in iron metabolism, our molecular understanding of Fpn-mediated iron efflux remains incomplete. Here, we report that Ca2+ is required for human Fpn transport activity. Whereas iron efflux is stimulated by extracellular Ca2+ in the physiological range, Ca2+ is not transported. We determine the crystal structure of a Ca2+-bound BbFpn, a prokaryotic orthologue, and find that Ca2+ is a cofactor that facilitates a conformational change critical to the transport cycle. We also identify a substrate pocket accommodating a divalent transition metal complexed with a chelator. These findings support a model of iron export by Fpn and suggest a link between plasma calcium and iron homeostasis.
Network enhancement as a general method to denoise weighted biological networks
Authors: Wang Bo , Pourshafeie Armin , Zitnik Marinka , Zhu Junjie , Bustamante Carlos D. , Batzoglou Serafim , Leskovec Jure
Published: July 2018

Networks are ubiquitous in biology where they encode connectivity patterns at all scales of organization, from molecular to the biome. However, biological networks are noisy due to the limitations of measurement technology and inherent natural variation, which can hamper discovery of network patterns and dynamics. We propose Network Enhancement (NE), a method for improving the signal-to-noise ratio of undirected, weighted networks. NE uses a doubly stochastic matrix operator that induces sparsity and provides a closed-form solution that increases spectral eigengap of the input network. As a result, NE removes weak edges, enhances real connections, and leads to better downstream performance. Experiments show that NE improves gene–function prediction by denoising tissue-specific interaction networks, alleviates interpretation of noisy Hi-C contact maps from the human genome, and boosts fine-grained identification accuracy of species. Our results indicate that NE is widely applicable for denoising biological networks.
Self-assembly directed one-step synthesis of [4]radialene on Cu(100) surfaces
Authors: Li Qing , Gao Jianzhi , Li Youyong , Fuentes-Cabrera Miguel , Liu Mengxi , Qiu Xiaohui , Lin Haiping , Chi Lifeng , Pan Minghu
Published: July 2018

The synthetic challenges of radialenes have precluded their practical applications. Here, we report a one-step synthetic protocol of [4]radialene on a copper surface. High-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy measurements reveal that such catalytic reaction proceeds readily with high selectivity at the temperature below 120 K. First-principles calculations show that the reaction pathway is characterized by firstly the cooperative inter-molecular hydrogen tautomerization and then the C–C bond formation. The feasibility of such cyclotetramerization reaction can be interpreted by the surface effect of Cu(100), which firstly plays an important role in directing the molecular assembly and then serves as an active catalyst in the hydrogen tautomerization and C–C coupling processes. This work presents not only a novel strategy to the scant number of synthetic methods to produce [4]radialenes via a novel [1 + 1 + 1 + 1] reaction pathway, but also a successful example of C–C bond coupling reactions guided by the surface-induced C–H/π assembly.
Phosphatidylserine exposure mediated by ABC transporter activates the integrin signaling pathway promoting axon regeneration
Authors: Hisamoto Naoki , Tsuge Anna , Pastuhov Strahil Iv. , Shimizu Tatsuhiro , Hanafusa Hiroshi , Matsumoto Kunihiro
Published: July 2018

Following axon injury, a cascade of signaling events is triggered to initiate axon regeneration. However, the mechanisms regulating axon regeneration are not well understood at present. In Caenorhabditis elegans, axon regeneration utilizes many of the components involved in phagocytosis, including integrin and Rac GTPase. Here, we identify the transthyretin (TTR)-like protein TTR-11 as a component functioning in axon regeneration upstream of integrin. We show that TTR-11 binds to both the extracellular domain of integrin-α and phosphatidylserine (PS). Axon injury induces the accumulation of PS around the injured axons in a manner dependent on TTR-11, the ABC transporter CED-7, and the caspase CED-3. Furthermore, we demonstrate that CED-3 activates CED-7 during axon regeneration. Thus, TTR-11 functions to link the PS injury signal to activation of the integrin pathway, which then initiates axon regeneration.