bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hard Law and Soft Law Regulations of Artificial Intelligence in Investment Management
Authors: BUCZYNSKI Wojtek , STEFFEK Felix , CUZZOLIN Fabio , JAMNIK Mateja , SAHAKIAN Barbara
Published: May 2023

Artificial Intelligence (‘AI’) technologies present great opportunities for the investment management industry (as well as broader financial services). However, there are presently no regulations specifically aiming at AI in investment management. Does this mean that AI is currently unregulated? If not, which hard and soft law rules apply?

Investments are a heavily regulated industry (MIFID II, UCITS IV and V, SM&CR, GDPR etc). Most regulations are intentionally technology-neutral. These regulations are legally binding (hard law). Recent years saw the emergence of regulatory and industry publications (soft laws) focusing specifically on AI. In this Article we analyse both hard law and soft law instruments.

The contributions of this work are: first, a review of key regulations applicable to AI in investment management (and oftentimes by extension to banking as well) from multiple jurisdictions; second, a framework and an analysis of key regulatory themes for AI.
Intermittency and critical mixing in internally heated stratified channel flow
Authors: Issaev Vassili , Williamson N. , Armfield S.W.
Published: May 2023

Through direct numerical simulations we investigate the effects of spatiotemporal intermittency as a result of stable stratification in surface heated stratified open channel flow. By adapting the density inversion criterion method of Portwood et al. [J. Fluid Mech., vol. 807, 2016, R2] for our flow, we demonstrate that the flow may be robustly separated into regions of active turbulence for which

$Re_B \gtrsim {O}(10)$

and surrounding quiescent fluid, where

$Re_B$

is the buoyancy Reynolds number. The intermittency in the flow spontaneously manifests as a deformed horizontal interface between the upper quiescent and lower turbulent flow, characterised by vigorous mixing from ‘overturning’ shear instabilities. The resulting vertical intermittency profile is accurately predicted by a local Monin–Obukhov length normalised by viscous wall units

$\varLambda ^+$

such that the flow displays intermittency within the parameter range of

$2.5 \lesssim \varLambda ^+ \lesssim 260$

. By considering conditional averages of the ‘turbulent’ and ‘quiescent’ flow separately, we find the ‘turbulent’ flow within this region to be described by constant critical gradient Richardson and turbulent Froude numbers of

$Ri_{g,c} \approx 0.2$

and

$Fr_c \approx 0.3$

. We find that the turbulent flow continues to display a

$\varGamma \sim Fr^{-1}$

relationship when

$Fr < Fr_c$

, whereas the quiescent flow shows no correlation between

$\varGamma$

and

$Fr$

, where

$\varGamma$

is the flux coefficient. Hence, we demonstrate directly that for our flow, the emergence of an asymptotic ‘saturated’

$\varGamma$

regime in the limit of a low ‘global’

$Fr$

occurs due to intermittency and increasing contributions to measurements of

$\varGamma$

from the quiescent flow.
The evolution of life cycle assessment in the food and beverage industry: A review
Authors: Chitaka Takunda Y. , Goga Taahira
Published: May 2023

Life cycle assessment (LCA) has been progressively used as an tool to quantify and compare environmental impacts in the food and beverage industry. This paper reviews LCAs on single-use food and beverage plastic products from January 2000 to June 2022. Studies are also analysed in the context of marine plastic pollution which is a global concern. A total of 91 studies were reviewed with 44% conducted for the European region. Findings suggest that most studies follow the traditional approach and structure of LCA with some studies focusing on global warming potential and others incorporating aspects such as life cycle costs and mass-based indicators. A total of 62% of reviewed studies had a cradle-to-grave scope. LCA studies can be influenced by public discourse, for example, the rising concern surrounding plastic marine pollution. From 2019, additional environmental indicators have been included in LCAs wherein the product is a major contributor to pollution. To date, six studies have proposed marine litter indicators. In future years, we can expect further development of life cycle impact assessment methods to reflect concerns in the public discourse. This includes methodologies for assessing circularity or plastic pollution. Furthermore, product foci will continue to follow popular trends.
AROMA: Anionic ring-opening monomer addition of allyl glycidyl ether to methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) for the synthesis of sequence-controlled polymers
Authors: Schneider Sven , Schwalm Benedikt L. , Theato Patrick
Published: May 2023

Herein, a new method to synthesise epoxide-based sequence-controlled polymers via anionic ring-opening monomer addition, a form of anionic ring-opening polymerisation, is presented. This technique allows in combination with post-polymerisation modification (PPM) reactions for the successful preparation of modified mPEG-b-oligo(allyl glycidyl ether) featuring the incorporation of one repeating unit on average at a time. Due to the possible introduction of a vast variety of molecules to the polymeric system via PPM reactions, a multitude of advanced functional polymeric materials can be generated. This, in combination with the chain extension reactions, allows for the synthesis of well-controlled and programmable architectures with particular properties. The structure of the sequence-controlled polymer was confirmed via 1H NMR spectroscopy, size exclusion chromatography, attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry.
The Arabesque of Script and Metaphor in Islamic Art
Authors: Risser Rita Elizabeth
Published: May 2023

The use of script as an aesthetic device is longstanding in Islamic art. Indeed, one of the earliest forms of Islamic art are terracotta oil lamps with text inscribed on their surface.2 These inscriptions are not merely decorative but also reference the light emitted from the lamps as a metaphor for revelation. As I will show, the use of script in Islamic art is not only meant to delight the eye; it is, moreover, a cognitively faceted aesthetic device. Following an overview of script as an aesthetic device in Islamic art, I survey its legacy in the contemporary art world of the Middle East.
INFERENCE ON GARCH-MIDAS MODELS WITHOUT ANY SMALL-ORDER MOMENT
Authors: Francq Christian , Kandji Baye Matar , Zakoian Jean-Michel
Published: May 2023

In GARCH-mixed-data sampling models, the volatility is decomposed into the product of two factors which are often interpreted as “short-run” (high-frequency) and “long-run” (low-frequency) components. While two-component volatility models are widely used in applied works, some of their theoretical properties remain unexplored. We show that the strictly stationary solutions of such models do not admit any small-order finite moment, contrary to classical GARCH. It is shown that the strong consistency and the asymptotic normality of the quasi-maximum likelihood estimator hold despite the absence of moments. Tests for the presence of a long-run volatility relying on the asymptotic theory and a bootstrap procedure are proposed. Our results are illustrated via Monte Carlo experiments and real financial data.
The evolution of motivational interviewing
Authors: Miller William R.
Published: May 2023

This review traces the development of motivational interviewing (MI) from its happenstance beginnings and the first description published in this journal in 1983, to its continuing evolution as a method that is now in widespread practice in many professions, nations and languages. The efficacy of MI has been documented in hundreds of controlled clinical trials, and extensive process research sheds light on why and how it works. Developing proficiency in MI is facilitated by feedback and coaching based on observed practice after initial training. The author reflects on parallels between MI core processes and the characteristics found in 70 years of psychotherapy research to distinguish more effective therapists. This suggests that MI offers an evidence-based therapeutic style for delivering other treatments more effectively. The most common use of MI now is indeed in combination with other treatment methods such as cognitive behaviour therapies.
Stepping Into an Equatorial Plasma Bubble With a Swarm Overfly
Authors: Spogli L. , Alfonsi L. , Cesaroni C.
Published: May 2023

ESA's Swarm constellation entered in a “overfly” configuration in the period between September and October 2021, when the longitudinal distance between the lower pair and the upper satellite was at its minimum since the launch of the spacecrafts. In addition, the local time of the nighttime tracks was favorable to detect and study the morphology of post‐sunset equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs). In this study, we focus on the Swarm overfly occurring between 00:41 UT and 00:59 UT on 30 September 2021, which covered one of the most densely instrumented regions for the study of the ionospheric irregularities embedded in the EPBs: the South American sector. By exploiting the use of ground‐based receivers of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals in combination with the Swarm plasma density measurements, we study the irregularities in the EPB formed at ∼60°W and investigate the different scales of the irregularities and the cascading processes along the magnetic flux tubes. We also highlight how diffusion along the magnetic field lines occurs simultaneously with the plasma uplift, contributing then to the correct interpretation of the EPB evolution and decay process. The precious overfly conditions also allow the introduction of ionosphere‐related quantities, evaluated across the tracks at satellite altitudes enlarging the possibilities given by the same quantities already available along the tracks. Such opportunity envisages the possibility to proxy the impact of EPBs on GNSS signals with Low‐Earth Orbit satellite data provided by future missions specifically dedicated to the characterization of the near‐Earth environment and ionospheric studies.
Long-term safety and maintenance of response with esketamine nasal spray in participants with treatment-resistant depression: interim results of the SUSTAIN-3 study
Authors: Zaki Naim , Chen Li , Lane Rosanne , Doherty Teodora , Drevets Wayne C. , Morrison Randall L. , Sanacora Gerard , Wilkinson Samuel T. , Popova Vanina , Fu Dong-Jing
Published: May 2023

Patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) have higher rates of relapse and pronounced decreases in daily functioning and health-related quality of life compared to patients with major depressive disorder who are not treatment-resistant, underscoring the need for treatment choices with sustained efficacy and long-term tolerability. Adults with TRD who participated in ≥1 of 6 phase 3 “parent” studies could continue esketamine treatment, combined with an oral antidepressant, by enrolling in phase 3, open-label, long-term extension study, SUSTAIN-3. Based on their status at parent-study end, eligible participants entered a 4-week induction phase followed by an optimization/maintenance phase, or directly entered the optimization/maintenance phase of SUSTAIN-3. Intranasal esketamine dosing was flexible, twice-weekly during induction and individualized to depression severity during optimization/maintenance. At the interim data cutoff (01 December 2020), 1148 participants were enrolled, 458 at induction and 690 at optimization/maintenance. Mean (median) cumulative duration of maintenance esketamine treatment was 31.5 (37.7) months (totaling 2769 cumulative patient-years). Common treatment-emergent adverse events (≥20%) were headache, dizziness, nausea, dissociation, somnolence, and nasopharyngitis. Mean Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) total score decreased during induction, and this reduction persisted during optimization/maintenance (mean [SD] change from the baseline to the endpoint of each phase: induction −12.8 [9.73]; optimization/maintenance +1.1 [9.93]), with 35.6% and 46.1% of participants in remission (MADRS total score ≤12) at induction and optimization/maintenance endpoints, respectively. Improvement in depression ratings generally persisted among participants who remained in maintenance treatment, and no new safety signal was identified during long-term treatment (up to 4.5 years) using intermittent-dosed esketamine in conjunction with daily antidepressant.
Nitroglycerin: a comprehensive review in cancer therapy
Authors: Meunier Mélina , Yammine Aline , Bettaieb Ali , Plenchette Stéphanie
Published: May 2023

Nitroglycerin (NTG) is a prodrug that has long been used in clinical practice for the treatment of angina pectoris. The biotransformation of NTG and subsequent release of nitric oxide (NO) is responsible for its vasodilatating property. Because of the remarkable ambivalence of NO in cancer disease, either protumorigenic or antitumorigenic (partly dependent on low or high concentrations), harnessing the therapeutic potential of NTG has gain interest to improve standard therapies in oncology. Cancer therapeutic resistance remains the greatest challenge to overcome in order to improve the management of cancer patients. As a NO releasing agent, NTG has been the subject of several preclinical and clinical studies used in combinatorial anticancer therapy. Here, we provide an overview of the use of NTG in cancer therapy in order to foresee new potential therapeutic avenues.
N1-Methyladenosine modification of mRNA regulates neuronal gene expression and oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation induction
Authors: Qi Zhangyang , Zhang Chi , Jian Huan , Hou Mengfan , Lou Yongfu , Kang Yi , Wang Wei , Lv Yigang , Shang Shenghui , Wang Chaoyu , Li Xueying , Feng Shiqing , Zhou Hengxing
Published: May 2023

N1-Methyladenosine (m1A) is an abundant modification of transcripts, plays important roles in regulating mRNA structure and translation efficiency, and is dynamically regulated under stress. However, the characteristics and functions of mRNA m1A modification in primary neurons and oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) induced remain unclear. We first constructed a mouse cortical neuron OGD/R model and then used methylated RNA immunoprecipitation (MeRIP) and sequencing technology to demonstrate that m1A modification is abundant in neuron mRNAs and dynamically regulated during OGD/R induction. Our study suggests that Trmt10c, Alkbh3, and Ythdf3 may be m1A-regulating enzymes in neurons during OGD/R induction. The level and pattern of m1A modification change significantly during OGD/R induction, and differential methylation is closely associated with the nervous system. Our findings show that m1A peaks in cortical neurons aggregate at both the 5’ and 3’ untranslated regions. m1A modification can regulate gene expression, and peaks in different regions have different effects on gene expression. By analysing m1A-seq and RNA-seq data, we show a positive correlation between differentially methylated m1A peaks and gene expression. The correlation was verified by using qRT-PCR and MeRIP-RT-PCR. Moreover, we selected human tissue samples from Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients from the Gene Expression Comprehensive (GEO) database to analyse the selected differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differential methylation modification regulatory enzymes, respectively, and found similar differential expression results. We highlight the potential relationship between m1A modification and neuronal apoptosis following OGD/R induction. Furthermore, by mapping mouse cortical neurons and OGD/R-induced modification characteristics, we reveal the important role of m1A modification in OGD/R and gene expression regulation, providing new ideas for research on neurological damage.
The real-world efficacy and safety of faricimab in neovascular age-related macular degeneration: the TRUCKEE study – 6 month results
Authors: Khanani Arshad M. , Aziz Aamir A. , Khan Hannah , Gupta Ashwin , Mojumder Ohidul , Saulebayeva Aigerim , Abbey Ashkan M. , Almeida David R. P. , Avery Robert L. , Banda Himanshu K. , Barakat Mark R. , Bhandari Ramanath , Chang Emmanuel Y. , Haug Sara J. , London Nikolas J. S. , Mein Luke , Sheth Veeral S. , Wolfe Jeremy D. , Singer Michael A. , Danzig Carl J.
Published: May 2023

Background/Objective

Investigate real-world patients receiving faricimab for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).

Subjects/Methods

Multicenter, retrospective chart review was conducted on patients treated with faricimab for nAMD from February 2022 to September 2022. Collected data includes background demographics, treatment history, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), anatomic changes, and adverse events as safety markers. The main outcome measures are changes in BCVA, changes in central subfield thickness (CST) and adverse events. Secondary outcome measures included treatment intervals and presence of retinal fluid.

Results

After one injection of faricimab, all eyes (n = 376), previously-treated (n = 337) and treatment-naïve (n = 39) eyes demonstrated a + 1.1 letter (p = 0.035), a + 0.7 letter (p = 0.196) and a + 4.9 letter (p = 0.076) improvement in BCVA, respectively, and a − 31.3 μM (p < 0.001), a − 25.3 μM (p < 0.001) and a − 84.5 μM (p < 0.001) reduction in CST, respectively. After three injections of faricimab, all eyes (n = 94), previously-treated (n = 81) and treatment-naïve (n = 13) eyes demonstrated a + 3.4 letter (p = 0.03), a + 2.7 letter (p = 0.045) and a + 8.1 letter (p = 0.437) improvement in BCVA, and a − 43.4 μM (p < 0.001), a − 38.1 μM (p < 0.001) and a − 80.1 μM (p < 0.204) reduction in CST, respectively. One case of intraocular inflammation was observed after four injections of faricimab and resolved with topical steroids. One case of infectious endophthalmitis was treated with intravitreal antibiotics and resolved.

Conclusions

Faricimab has demonstrated improvement or maintenance of visual acuity for patients with nAMD, along with rapid improvement of anatomical parameters. It has been well-tolerated with low incidence of treatable intraocular inflammation. Future data will continue to investigate faricimab for real-world patients with nAMD.
RapaCaspase-9-based suicide gene applied to the safety of IL-1RAP CAR-T cells
Authors: Bouquet Lucie , Bôle-Richard Elodie , Warda Walid , Neto Da Rocha Mathieu , Trad Rim , Nicod Clémentine , Haderbache Rafik , Genin Delphine , Ferrand Christophe , Deschamps Marina
Published: May 2023

Even if adoptive cell transfer (ACT) has already shown great clinical efficiency in different types of disease, such as cancer, some adverse events consistently occur, and suicide genes are an interesting system to manage these events. Our team developed a new medical drug candidate, a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) targeting interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAP), which needs to be evaluated in clinical trials with a clinically applicable suicide gene system. To prevent side effects and ensure the safety of our candidate, we devised two constructs carrying an inducible suicide gene, RapaCasp9-G or RapaCasp9-A, containing a single-nucleotide polymorphism (rs1052576) affecting the efficiency of endogenous caspase 9. These suicide genes are activated by rapamycin and based on the fusion of human caspase 9 with a modified human FK-binding protein, allowing conditional dimerization. RapaCasp9-G- and RapaCasp9-A-expressing gene-modified T cells (GMTCs) were produced from healthy donors (HDs) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) donors. The RapaCasp9-G suicide gene demonstrated better efficiency, and we showed its in vitro functionality in different clinically relevant culture conditions. Moreover, as rapamycin is not pharmacologically inert, we also demonstrated its safe use as part of our therapy.
Risk factor analysis and nomogram establishment and verification of brain astrocytoma patients based on SEER database
Authors: Wang Ruiqi , Cui Jiaxue , Diao Yizhuo , Jin Chenxin , Chen Yongxing , Lv Xiupeng , Li Xiaofeng
Published: May 2023

Astrocytoma is a common brain tumor that can occur in any part of the central nervous system. This tumor is extremely harmful to patients, and there are no clear studies on the risk factors for astrocytoma of the brain. This study was conducted based on the SEER database to determine the risk factors affecting the survival of patients with astrocytoma of the brain. Patients diagnosed with brain astrocytoma in the SEER database from 2004 to 2015 were screened by inclusion exclusion criteria. Final screened brain astrocytoma patients were classified into low grade and high grade according to WHO classification. The risk factors affecting the survival of patients with low-grade and high-grade brain astrocytoma were analyzed by univariate Kaplan–Meier curves and log-rank tests, individually. Secondly, the data were randomly divided into training set and validation set according to the ratio of 7:3, and the training set data were analyzed by univariate and multivariate Cox regression, and the risk factors affecting the survival of patients were screened and nomogram was established to predict the survival rates of patients at 3 years and 5 years. The area under the ROC curve (AUC value), C-index, and Calibration curve are used to evaluate the sensitivity and calibration of the model. Univariate Kaplan–Meier survival curve and log-rank test showed that the risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients with low-grade astrocytoma included Age, Primary site, Tumor histological type, Grade, Tumor size, Extension, Surgery, Radiation, Chemotherapy and Tumor number; risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients with high-grade astrocytoma include Age, Primary site, Tumor histological type, Tumor size, Extension, Laterality, Surgery, Radiation, Chemotherapy and Tumor number. Through Cox regression, independent risk factors of patients with two grades were screened separately, and nomograms of risk factors for low-grade and high-grade astrocytoma were successfully established to predict the survival rate of patients at 3 and 5 years. The AUC values of low-grade astrocytoma training set patients were 0.829 and 0.801, and the C-index was 0.818 (95% CI 0.779, 0.857). The AUC values of patients in the validation set were 0.902, 0.829, and the C-index was 0.774 (95% CI 0.758, 0.790), respectively. The AUC values of high-grade astrocytoma training set patients were 0.814 and 0.806, the C-index was 0.774 (95% CI 0.758, 0.790), the AUC values of patients in the validation set were 0.802 and 0.823, and the C-index was 0.766 (95% CI 0.752, 0.780), respectively, and the calibration curves of the two levels of training set and validation set were well fitted. This study used data from the SEER database to identify risk factors affecting the survival prognosis of patients with brain astrocytoma, which can provide some guidance for clinicians.
Evidence of inter-state coordination amongst state-backed information operations
Authors: Wang Xinyu , Li Jiayi , Srivatsavaya Eesha , Rajtmajer Sarah
Published: May 2023

Since 2018, Twitter has steadily released into the public domain content discovered on the platform and believed to be associated with information operations originating from more than a dozen state-backed organizations. Leveraging this dataset, we explore inter-state coordination amongst state-backed information operations and find evidence of intentional, strategic interaction amongst thirteen different states, separate and distinct from within-state operations. We find that coordinated, inter-state information operations attract greater engagement than baseline information operations and appear to come online in service to specific aims. We explore these ideas in depth through two case studies on the coordination between Cuba and Venezuela, and between Russia and Iran.
Low eating self-efficacy is associated with unfavorable eating behavior tendencies among individuals with overweight and obesity
Authors: Oikarinen Noora , Jokelainen Terhi , Heikkilä Laura , Nurkkala Marjukka , Hukkanen Janne , Salonurmi Tuire , Savolainen Markku J. , Teeriniemi Anna-Maria
Published: May 2023

Success in long-term weight management depends partly on psychological and behavioral aspects. Understanding the links between psychological factors and eating behavior tendencies is needed to develop more effective weight management methods. This population-based cross-sectional study examined whether eating self-efficacy (ESE) is associated with cognitive restraint (CR), uncontrolled eating (UE), emotional eating (EE), and binge eating (BE). The hypothesis was that individuals with low ESE have more unfavorable eating behavior tendencies than individuals with high ESE. Participants were classified as low ESE and high ESE by the Weight-Related Self-Efficacy questionnaire (WEL) median cut-off point. Eating behavior tendencies were assessed with Three Factor Eating Questionnaire R-18 and Binge Eating Scale, and additionally, by the number of difficulties in weight management. The difficulties were low CR, high UE, high EE, and moderate or severe BE. Five hundred and thirty-two volunteers with overweight and obesity were included in the study. Participants with low ESE had lower CR (p < 0.03) and higher UE, EE, and BE (p < 0.001) than participants with high ESE. Thirty-nine percent of men with low ESE had at least two difficulties in successful weight control while this percentage was only 8% in men with high ESE. In women, the corresponding figures were 56% and 10%. The risk of low ESE was increased by high UE [OR 5.37 (95% CI 1.99–14.51)], high EE [OR 6.05 (95% CI 2.07–17.66)], or moderate or severe BE [OR 12.31 (95% CI 1.52–99.84)] in men, and by low CR [OR 5.19 (95% CI 2.22–12.18)], high UE [OR 7.20 (95% CI 2.41–19.22)], or high EE [OR 23.66 (95% CI 4.79–116.77)] in women. Low ESE was associated with unfavorable eating behavior tendencies and multiple concomitant difficulties in successful weight loss promotion. These eating behavior tendencies should be considered when counseling patients with overweight and obesity.
Association of accelerometer-measured physical activity, back static muscular endurance and abdominal obesity with radicular pain and non-specific low back pain
Authors: Bayartai Munkh-Erdene , Määttä Juhani , Karppinen Jaro , Oura Petteri , Takatalo Jani , Auvinen Juha , Raija Korpelainen , Niemelä Maisa , Luomajoki Hannu
Published: May 2023

Low back pain (LBP) is the leading cause of disability worldwide and often associated with lifestyle factors. However, studies further examining the role of these lifestyle factors in non-specific low back pain in comparison with radicular pain are sparse. The aim of this cross sectional study was to investigate how diverse lifestyle factors are associated with LBP. The study population of 3385 middle aged adults with and without low back pain was drawn from a large Birth 1966 Cohort. Outcome measures were steps per day, abdominal obesity, physical activity and endurance of the back muscles. Back static muscular endurance, abdominal obesity and physical activity were measured by means of the Biering–Sørensen test, waist circumference and a wrist worn accelerometer, respectively. Logistic regression analysis was applied to estimate associations of back static muscular endurance, abdominal obesity and accelerometer-measured physical activity with non-specific low back pain and radicular pain. An additional 1000 steps per day were associated with 4% lower odds of having non-specific low back pain. Participants with abdominal obesity had 46% higher odds of having radicular pain, whereas increases of 10 s in back static muscular endurance and 10 min in daily vigorous physical activity were associated with 5% and 7% lower odds of having radicular pain, respectively. In this population-based study, non-specific low back pain and radicular pain were associated with different lifestyle and physical factors at midlife. Non-specific low back pain was associated only with the average daily number of steps, whereas abdominal obesity was the strongest determinant of radicular pain, followed by vigorous physical activity and back static muscular endurance. The findings of this study contribute to better understand the role of lifestyle factors in both non-specific low back pain and radicular pain. Future longitudinal studies are required to explore causality.
The complex regulation of competence in Staphylococcus aureus under microaerobic conditions
Authors: Feng Shi Yuan , Hauck Yolande , Morgene Fedy , Mohammedi Roza , Mirouze Nicolas
Published: May 2023

To perform natural transformation, one of the three main Horizontal Gene Transfer mechanisms, bacteria need to enter a physiological differentiated state called genetic competence. Interestingly, new bacteria displaying such aptitude are often discovered, and one of the latest is the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus.

Here, we show an optimized protocol, based on planktonic cells cultures, leading to a large percentage of the population activating the development of competence and a significant improvement of S. aureus natural transformation efficiencies. Taking advantage of these conditions, we perform transcriptomics analyses to characterize the regulon of each central competence regulator. SigH and ComK1 are both found essential for activating natural transformation genes but also important for activation or repression of peripheral functions. Even though ComK2 is not found important for the control of transformation genes, its regulon shows an important overlap with that of SigH and ComK1. Finally, we propose that microaerobic conditions, sensed by the SrrAB two-component system, are key to activate competence in S. aureus.
Three-dimensional kinematics of the India–Eurasia collision
Authors: Wang Lifeng , Barbot Sylvain
Published: May 2023

The collision between India and Eurasia mobilizes multiple processes of continental tectonics. However, how deformation develops within the lithosphere across the Tibetan Plateau is still poorly known and a synoptic view is missing. Here, we exploit an extensive geodetic observatory to resolve the kinematics of this diffuse plate boundary and the arrangement of various mechanisms down to upper-mantle depths. The three-dimensional velocity field is compatible with continental underthrusting below the central Himalayas and with delamination rollback below the western syntaxis. The rise of the Tibetan Plateau occurs by shortening in the Indian and Asian crusts at its southern and northwestern margins. The subsidence of Central Tibet is associated with lateral extrusion and attendant lithospheric thinning aided by the downwelling current from the opposite-facing Indian and Asian collisions. The current kinematics of the Indian-Eurasian collision may reflect the differential evolution of the inner and outer Tibetan Plateau during the late Cenozoic.
Metal distribution in first flush in highway runoff of one of the busiest motorway junctions in the UK
Authors: Zakharova Julia , Pouran Hamid , Wheatley Andrew
Published: May 2023

We observed an unexpectedly high proportion of Fe2+dis in accumulated highway runoff, which could be attributed to local catchment characteristics.
Association of iron status with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver fibrosis in US adults: a cross-sectional study from NHANES 2017–2018
Authors: Tan Liao , Zhou Qiaoyu , Liu Jie , Liu Zhaoya , Shi Ruizheng
Published: May 2023

Iron status indicators are closely associated with the occurrence of advanced liver fibrosis.
Spontaneous preparation of a fluorescent ratiometric chemosensor for metal ions using off-the-shelf materials
Authors: Sasaki Yui , Ohshiro Kohei , Zhou Qi , Lyu Xiaojun , Tang Wei , Okabe Kiyosumi , Takizawa Shin-ya , Minami Tsuyoshi
Published: May 2023

A self-assembled ratiometric chemosensor, which was prepared by simply mixing an off-the-shelf catechol fluorophore and an off-the-shelf phenylboronic acid derivative, has achieved pattern recognition of metal ions in river water.
Energy differences as descriptors for the correlation betweenJSCandVOCin nonfullerene organic photovoltaics
Authors: Ren Yue , Li Ming-Yang , Sui Ming-Yue , Sun Guang-Yan , Su Zhong-Min
Published: May 2023

This work reveals the structural characteristics to realize the positive correlation betweenJSCandVOC, and further proposes the energy differences as descriptors to predict the positive correlation for the promotion of PCE.
Phase equilibrium, dynamics and rheology of phospholipid–ethanol mixtures: a combined molecular dynamics, NMR and viscometry study
Authors: Grote Fredrik , Lyubartsev Alexander , Dvinskikh Sergey V. , Rinwa Vibhu , Holmbäck Jan
Published: May 2023

Simulation insight and interpretation of results from NMR and viscometry experiments in lipid–ethanol mixtures.
Bipolar ferrimagnetic semiconductor and doping concentration induced carrier spin flip in monolayer NiMnBr6
Authors: Lou Chenchen , Wang Yujie , Ma Chunlan , Zhang Jiayong
Published: May 2023

Monolayer NiMnBr6 is a bipolar ferrimagnetic semiconductor (BFIMS). In addition, doping concentration induced carrier spin flip is realized in compressive strained monolayer NiMnBr6 with a half ferromagnetic semiconductor (HFMS) phase.
Revealing the gas sensitive stability of formate species during CO2 hydrogenation
Authors: Li Didi , Jin Shiqing , Wang Zhen , Jiang Zhaocong , Xiong Feng , Wang Jianqiang , Zhu Minghui
Published: May 2023

Revisited a spectrokinetic approach.
Activation of the N2 molecule by means of low-valence complexes of calcium and magnesium
Authors: Rovaletti Anna , De Gioia Luca , Greco Claudio , Arrigoni Federica
Published: May 2023

Significant variations were found in the coordination, activation, and protonation of N2 by low-valence Ca(i) and Mg(i) complexes by means of DFT calculations.
Operando detection and suppression of spurious singlet oxygen in Li–O2 batteries
Authors: Córdoba Daniel , Benavides Leandro N. , Murgida Daniel H. , Rodríguez Hernan B. , Calvo Ernesto J.
Published: May 2023

We have operando detected the formation of singlet oxygen in a real Li–O2 battery by DMA fluorescence decay and its suppression by using physical quenchers, reaching an extended battery cycle life due to mitigation of spurious reactions
Mechanistic understanding of efficient electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction on a 2D monolayer WSSe Janus transition metal dichalcogenide
Authors: Kumar Vikash , Pakhira Srimanta
Published: May 2023

Ultrathin two-dimensional Janus transition metal dichalcogenides (2D JTMDs) have attracted much attention due to their potential applications in electrocatalysis, sensors, and other electromechanical devices.
Investigation of near-infrared absorption properties by the GW–BSE method in heptamethine pyrylium dyes
Authors: Pham Nguyet N. T. , Luong Xuan-Hoang , Guo Hengquan , Park Jong S. , Lee Seung Geol
Published: May 2023

Theoretical approaches to explain the red-shift of the longest absorption wavelength toward the NIR-II region of heptamethine pyrylium dyes.
A colorimetric and ‘OFF–ON’ fluorometric chemosensor based on a rhodamine-pyrazole derivative for the detection of Al3+, Fe3+and Cr3+metal ions, and its intracellular application
Authors: Gond Sarita , Yadav Pranjalee , Singh Aayoosh , Garai Somenath , Shekher Anusmita , Gupta Subash Chandra , Singh Vinod P.
Published: May 2023

(E)-2-(((5-chloro-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methylene)amino)-3',6'-bis(diethylamino)spiro[isoindoline-1,9'-xanthen]-3-one.
Controlled reductive C–C coupling of isocyanides promoted by an aluminyl anion
Authors: Evans Matthew J. , Anker Mathew D. , McMullin Claire L. , Coles Martyn P.
Published: May 2023

Controlled addition of isocyanides R-NC to a potassium aluminyl afforded the C2- and C3- homologized products.
Nanodroplets wetting an elastic half-space
Authors: Kubochkin Nikolai , Gambaryan-Roisman Tatiana
Published: May 2023

We use the disjoining pressure concept to study statics and dynamics of nanoscale droplets on elastic, infinitely thick surfaces.
Correction: Antimony doped tin(iv) hybrid metal halides with high-efficiency tunable emission, WLED and information encryption
Authors: Lin Wenchao , Wei Qilin , Huang Tao , Meng Xianfu , Tian Ye , Peng Hui , Zou Bingsuo
Published: May 2023

Correction for ‘Antimony doped tin(iv) hybrid metal halides with high-efficiency tunable emission, WLED and information encryption’ by Wenchao Lin et al., J. Mater. Chem. C, 2023, 11, 5688–5700, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3TC00497J.
Studying histone inheritance in different systems using imaging-based methods and perspectives
Authors: Zion Emily , Chen Xin
Published: May 2023

Understanding cell identity is critically important in the fields of cell and developmental biology. During cell division, a mother cell duplicates the genetic material and cellular components to give rise to two daughter cells. While both cells receive the same genetic information, they can take on similar or different cell fates, resulting from a symmetric or asymmetric division. These fates can be modulated by epigenetic mechanisms that can alter gene expression without changing genetic information. Histone proteins, which wrap DNA into fundamental units of chromatin, are major carriers of epigenetic information and can directly influence gene expression and other cellular functions through their interactions with DNA. While it has been well studied how the genetic information is duplicated and segregated, how epigenetic information, such as histones, are inherited through cell division is still an area of investigation. Since canonical histone proteins are incorporated into chromatin during DNA replication and can be modified over time, it is important to study their inheritance within the context of the cell cycle. Here, we outline the biological basis of histone inheritance as well as the imaging-based experimental design that can be used to study this process. Furthermore, we discuss various studies that have investigated this phenomenon with the focus on asymmetrically dividing cells in different systems. This synopsis provides insight into histone inheritance within the context of the cell cycle, along with the technical methods and considerations that must be taken when studying this process in vivo.
The emerging theme of 3′UTR mRNA isoform regulation in reprogramming of cell metabolism
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Tian Bin
Published: May 2023

The 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) of mRNA plays a key role in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Most eukaryotic protein-coding genes express 3′UTR isoforms owing to alternative cleavage and polyadenylation (APA). The 3′UTR isoform expression profile of a cell changes in cell proliferation, differentiation, and stress conditions. Here, we review the emerging theme of regulation of 3′UTR isoforms in cell metabolic reprogramming, focusing on cell growth and autophagy responses through the mTOR pathway. We discuss regulatory events that converge on the Cleavage Factor I complex, a master regulator of APA in 3′UTRs, and recent understandings of isoform-specific m6A modification and endomembrane association in determining differential metabolic fates of 3′UTR isoforms.
A review: Monitoring situational awareness of smart grid cyber‐physical systems and critical asset identification
Authors: Alrowaili Yazeed , Saxena Neetesh , Srivastava Anurag , Conti Mauro , Burnap Pete
Published: May 2023

Cyber‐Physical Systems (CPSs) are becoming more automated and aimed to be as efficient as possible by enabling integration between their operations and Information Technology (IT) resources. In combination with production automation, these systems need to identify their assets and the correlation between them; any potential threats or failures alert the relevant user/department and suggest the appropriate remediation plan. Moreover, identifying critical assets in these systems is essential. With numerous research and technologies available, assessing IT assets nowadays can be straightforward to implement. However, there is one significant issue of evaluating operational technology critical assets since they have different characteristics, and traditional solutions cannot work efficiently. This study presents the necessary background to attain the appropriate approach for monitoring critical assets in CPSs' Situational Awareness (SA). Additionally, the study presents a broad survey supported by an in‐depth review of previous works in three important aspects. First, it reviews the applicability of possible techniques, tools and solutions that can be used to collect detailed information from such systems. Secondly, it covers studies that were implemented to evaluate the criticality of assets in CPSs, demonstrates requirements for critical asset identification, explores different risks and failure techniques utilised in these systems and delves into approaches to evaluate such methods in energy systems. Finally, this paper highlights and analyses SA gaps based on existing solutions, provides future directions and discusses open research issues.
Quiet-time suprathermal ions in the inner heliosphere during the rising phase of solar cycle 25
Authors: Mason G. M. , Ho G. C. , Allen R. C. , Kouloumvakos A. , Wimmer-Schweingruber R. F. , Rodriguez-Pacheco J.
Published: May 2023

Context. The Solar Orbiter spacecraft made its first close perihelion passes in 2022, reaching 0.32 au on 26 March and 0.29 au on 12 October. Transient activity was relatively low, making it possible to perform measurements of the quiet-time suprathermal ion pool over multi-day periods.

Aims. The inner heliosphere suprathermal ion pool is a source of seed particles accelerated by coronal mass ejection-driven shocks. Determining its constituents and their dependence on solar activity, location, and time is therefore critical to building physical models of particle acceleration from solar events.

Methods. By selecting low-activity periods on Solar Orbiter during perihelia passes, and comparing them with a nearly identical monitoring instrument at 1 au, the observed differences in intensities can be related to factors such as distance from the Sun, transient events, and interacting solar wind streams.

Results. Below ∼1 MeV/nucleon, the observed quiet-time spectra at 0.32 au for H, 4He, 3He, and Fe rise toward low energies, as observed previously during longer periods at 1 au, and they show a heavy ion composition that has markers of impulsive solar flare material, such as relatively high 3He:4He, and a high Fe/O ratio. The proton and helium abundances are much higher, consistent with a source in corotating interaction regions. Surveying all semi-quiet times during the mission, there is only a modest (∼15%) increase in the fluences in the inner heliosphere compared to 1 au, indicating small gradients in these populations between 1 and 0.3 au.
Determination of irrigation regimes based on geospatial technologies in water scarcity areas
Authors: Khamidov Mukhamadkhan , Inamov Aziz , Islamov Utkir , Mamatkulov Zokhid , Inamov Bekzod
Published: May 2023

In the case of increasing water scarcity, determining the water demand of irrigated land is an important process. The water demand for irrigated lands and crops in the Republic of Uzbekistan is realized through nine hydromodular zones, which were developed regarding Bespolov’s methodology in the 1980s. However, in order to determine the water regime in each crop field, it is necessary to create electronic hydromodular zoning maps based on GIS technologies. This study uses GIS technology to create electronic hydromodular zoning maps of the irrigated fields in the Bukhara region of Uzbekistan while considering the mechanical properties of the soils and groundwater levels. Soil mechanical composition of the agricultural land’s geodatabase was created and mapped with three categories of soils: light, medium and heavy. Annually obtained data from observation wells was analysed to determine the distribution of groundwater level by Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation method referenced detected coordinate values. The raster calculator function of ArcGIS is used to identify the distribution of hydro module zones by definite criteria of soil and groundwater level. As a result, hydromodular zoning maps of irrigated agricultural lands of the Bukhara region were created for the first time in electronic form.
Establishment of additional norms for irrigation water
Authors: Mirkhasilova Z. , Yakubov M. , Irmukhamedova L. , Rakhimov N. , Norkuzieva N.
Published: May 2023

Due to the scarcity of water resources, there is a need for an additional source of irrigation. Drainage waters can serve as such sources. To use these waters, it is necessary to develop a number of measures. The aim of the study is to reduce the negative consequences by increasing the norms of preventive irrigation. It is vital to fulfilling the tasks set: calculation of additional water supply rates and irrigation regime when designing the use of drainage water for irrigation. As a result of field studies and according to the methodology of classifications developed by the Central Asian Research Institute of Irrigation (SANIIRI) analysis of the suitability for irrigation of pumped water from vertical drainage wells in the areas of the Fergana region. Studies conducted by scientists in Central Asia have shown that one of the methods to prevent soil salinization in the intra-contour use of collector-drainage water is the requirements with the following conditions: the ratio of total water supply to total evaporation and the ratio of drainage flow to the water supply. Taking into account the established coefficient, the irrigation rate must be increased depending on the mineralization of water and the mechanical composition of the soil.
Innovative organization and increase of efficiency of agricultural melioration measures of Uzbekistan
Authors: Mukhtorov Uzbekkhon , Sultanov Bakhodir , Ismailov Temur , Rustamov Jamshid
Published: May 2023

Global population growth and the deepening of globalization processes make it necessary to increase the production of food and other material goods for human consumption in proportion and to improve their quality from an environmental point of view. The analysis shows that in world practice, this problem is often solved by extensive factors, mainly by expanding the area under agricultural crops. However, the limited amount of available arable land is estimated at Rs 1,500 mln. hectares. Therefore, it can be said that almost all the reserves of arable land have been used by mankind. Therefore, the development of additional lands and the prevention of the possible ecological crisis, and on this basis the efficient use of arable land, in turn, necessitates the reproduction of natural resources on the basis of innovative solutions and ensuring a balance between human economic activity. The role of land melioration as one of the factors of intensification of agricultural production is high and plays a primary and key role in ensuring the efficiency of the sector.