bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic screening of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) genotypes in response to parasitic weed Alectra vogelii
Authors: Ugbaa Macsamuel , LUCKY OMOIGUI  , LATEEF BELLO
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Ugbaa M, Omoigui L, Bello L. 2020. Phenotypic screening of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) genotypes in response to parasitic weed Alectra vogelii. Asian J Agric 4: 14-17. Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) production is constrained by several abiotic and biotic factors. Among the biotic constraints, the parasitic flowering plant Alectra vogelii Benth. is one of the most formidable limitations in the dry savannas of West and Central Africa, a region that accounts for over 64% of world production. Alectra causes yield losses estimated between 41 and 100% in susceptible cultivars. Several control measures have been suggested for the control of the parasite. These include cultural practices, application of ethylene chemicals, and host plant resistance. Among these control measures, the use of resistance cultivars appears to be the most attractive option to the resource poor farmers in sub-Saharan Africa. This study was designed to revalidate and determine the reaction status of some improved and local cowpea genotypes to Alectra vogelii. Two screening experiments using pot culture technique and arranged in a Completely Randomized Design, were carried out in the screen house. Pot culture was comprised of sand and topsoil mixed in a 2:1 ratio and inoculum of 5000 Alectra vogelii seeds. To enhance effective parasite seed germination, the pot culture was watered twice a day for seven (7) days before planting of test cowpea genotypes. At 30 days after planting (DAP) A. vogelii shoots emerged from pots planted to susceptible cowpea genotypes, although some had delayed emergence up to 40 DAP. Susceptible cowpea showed leaf chlorosis, stunted growth, and partial leaf senescence. Some developed symptoms but A. vogelii shoots did not emerge. In both experiments, cowpea genotypes of B301, IT98K-573-1-1 and IT98K-205-8 were consistently resistant. They showed no attachment or emergence of the parasite. The absence of attachment on resistant cowpea genotypes suggests hyperactive mechanism of resistance to A. vogelii. This is a localized necrotic response that killed off attached parasite at the point of contact, a form of programmed cell death (PCD). This response strongly indicates dominant action in the resistance to A. vogelii in these genotypes. Resistant genotypes can be used as sources of resistance genes to develop improved resistant cowpea varieties.
The growth and yield performance of true shallot seed production in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Saidah  , Wahyuni Andi Nirma , Muchtar  , Suluk Padang Irwan , Sutardi
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Saidah, Wahyuni AN, Muchtar, Padang IS, Sutardi. 2020. The growth and yield performance of true shallot seed production in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Asian J Agric 4:  18-22. Shallot  (Allium ascalonicum L.) is a vegetable commodity that has high economic value and market prospects. So far, planting shallots using seeds from tubers, but planting onions with seeds is better and more cost efficient, with the seeds being healthier. The aim of this study was to determine the growth and yield performance of true shallot seed production in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. The study was conducted from May to September 2018 in Wuasa Village, North Lore Sub-district, Poso District at an altitude of 1083.7 meters above sea level. Research with an on-farm research approach on farmer's land as a cooperator covering an area of ??3000 m2. The study used the Probability Sampling Method with 10 replications. The results showed that the growth and yield performance of true shallot seed in Central Sulawesi was quite high. This is due to the suitability of the climatic conditions and cultivation technology that has been applied. In the yield component, the percentage of flowering plants was quite high at 78% with several capsules/flower at 80.67. The success of true shallot seed production is expected to be able to replace the source of seed from the tuber, which may contain viruses and diseases carried by the tuber seeds.
Habitat characteristics and potency of mud crabs Scylla serrata, S. transquaberica, and S. olivacea in Cibako Mangrove Forest, Garut District, West Java
Authors: AVIANTO IRVAN , SULISTIONO SULISTIONO , SETYOBUDIANDI ISDRAJAD
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Avianto, Sulistiono, Setyobudiandi I. 2013. Habitat characteristics and potency of mud crabs Scylla serrata, S. transquaberica, and S. olivacea in Cibako Mangrove Forest, Garut District, West Java. Bonorowo Wetlands 3: 55-72. The research was conducted from August to November 2011 in Cibako Mangrove Forest of Leuweung Sancang Nature Reserve, Garut District, West Java. The site contains six stations, each station in three zones. Stations 1 and 2 were placed in zona A where zone A is in the mangrove forest’s front area. Stations 3 and 4 were placed in zone B, located in the middle of mangrove forests. Stations 5 and 6 were placed in zone B, behind the mangrove forest. This study aims to obtain data and information on the habitat characteristics and potency of mud crabs based on species, abundance, and size distribution. The method used was a survey. Observations of habitat characteristics were performed in situ using a sampling transect line plot method. Cluster evaluation of habitat characteristics used cluster analysis. Analysis of habitat characteristics with the potency of mud crab used correspondence analysis. The results showed that the parameters of habitat 1 and 2 had been similar, classified as groups of zone A. The similarity of parameters in stations 3 and 4 was classified as a group of Zone B. The similarity of parameters in stations 5 and 6 was classified as a group of zone C. S. serrata dominated in zona A where the substrate was mud with a range of salinity between 24-30 ppt, total 73 ind. S. transquaberica dominated in zone B where the substrate was mud with a range of salinity between 22-25 ppt, totaled 94 ind. S. olivacea dominated in zone C where the substrate was clay with a range of salinity between 18-23 ppt, totaled 45 ind. The abundance of mud crabs was in the dark moon, where totaled zona A was 57 ind, zone B was 68 ind, and zone C was 32 ind. Mud crabs had possessed negative phototactic because the habit of mud crab often refuges and hiding on a substrate that was not exposed to light directly. The high density of mangroves was found in zona A and B. which Third of the mud crabs associated with mangrove had density so higher. The average litter weight could be the source of food for macrozoobenthos, in zona A and B was 200.72 g and 204.83 g, and the average abundance, each was 13 ind/m2 dan 17 ind/m2. Therefore, mud crabs would be interested to settle in the zone that had an abundance of macrozoobenthos as the source of food.
Community-based natural resource management in conservation efforts of the Watershed: Case study of Keseneng Village, Sumowono Subdistrict, Semarang District, Central Java
Authors: EMILIA FRANSISCA , HENDRARTO BOEDI , TARUNA TUKIMAN
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Emilia F, Hendrarto B, Taruna T. 2013. Community-based natural resource management in conservation efforts of the Watershed: Case study of Keseneng Village, Sumowono Subdistrict, Semarang District, Central Java. Bonorowo Wetlands 3: 73-100. The implementation of the top-down model and centralized management are believed as the main reasons for the failure of watershed management (Daerah Aliran Sungai/DAS) in Indonesia. The failure has prompted the watershed management to the new paradigm in participatory natural resource management, namely community-based natural resources management (CBNRM) at the village level. This study aimed to evaluate the function/activities of governance and analyze several aspects of CBNRM in Keseneng village. The required data for this study consist of primary and secondary data. Primary data was collected through in-depth interviews with villagers, Semarang District, and an NGO (Komunitas Salunding). Data analysis was conducted using a qualitatively descriptive approach to function/activity management and several aspects of CBNRM. The results showed that the villagers' four management activities are excellent and participatory. At the same time, Semarang District-Local government and an NGO (Komunitas Salunding) work as facilitators in Watershed Management. The research results also show that the management also succeeds in the community-based aspects, consisting of five aspects: equity, empowerment, conflict resolution, knowledge and awareness, and biodiversity protection. Still, there is a failure in the aspect of sustainable utilization. Based on these results, the recommendations can be presented: the need for policymakers to support villagers’ initiatives based on community natural resource management, the need to conduct a conceptual model CBNRM replication, and also Keseneng Village should work in partnership with neighboring villages to support the success of the six aspects of CBNRM.
Population and habitat of long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) in Wonorejo Mangrove Ecotourism, Surabaya
Authors: ANGGRAENI INDIRA WAHYU SEPTA , RINALDI DONES , MARDIASTUTI ANI
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Anggraeni IWS, Rinaldi D, Mardiastuti A. 2013. Population and habitat of long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) in Wonorejo Mangrove Ecotourism, Surabaya. Bonorowo Wetlands 3: 101-113. Long-tailed macaque is a diurnal nonhuman primate found in various vegetation types, including mangrove to mountain forests. The purpose of this research is to identify the Long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) population and habitat in the Wonorejo Mangrove Ecotourism and surrounding areas, Surabaya. The method of observation population is concentration count, and then the method of habitat analysis is based on vegetation analysis. The minimum estimation of the population size of Long-tailed macaque in the areas was 148 individuals. Sex-ratio of adult macaque was estimated to be 1: 2. Macaque population densities was 0,55 individuals/hectare. The Long-tailed macaques eat mangrove forest vegetations and animals. There were 9 kinds of food, 7 plants, and the other species were animals. The macaque has the highest tendency to use the area in their daily life above the ground (40,54%), and only 29,73% of individuals spend the day in the bottom of the canopy.
Co-management mangrove ecosystem in the Pasarbanggi Village, Rembang District, Central Java
Authors: MUQORROBIN AHMAD , YULIANDA FREDINAN , KODIRAN TARYONO
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Muqorrobin A, Yulianda F, Taryono Kodiran T. 2013. Co-management mangrove ecosystem in the Pasarbanggi Village, Rembang District, Central Java. Bonorowo Wetlands 3: 114-131. Mangrove is one of the coastal’s important ecosystems with benefits, and many stakeholders utilize it. This particular study aimed to (i) identify and analyze the condition of mangrove resources and host of users, (ii) analyze the role and function of each stakeholder, and (iii) identify and analyze the forms of co-management of the mangrove ecosystems management in Pasarbanggi village, Rembang district. Mangrove vegetation data was performed using a quadratic transect method, and data collection was done with purposive sampling interviews. Data obtained from the mangrove vegetation cover density, frequency, cover, and importance value index of mangroves. Stakeholders were analyzed using a matrix of interests and influence determined by criteria and indicators of interest and influence. The results showed that five species of mangrove that exist in the area are Avicennia marina, Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora stylosa, and Sonneratia alba. These species are recommended for mangrove rehabilitation of the site. Based on stakeholder analysis, there are 16 stakeholders classified into 4 groups, i.e., subject, key players, crowd, dan bystanders. According to the co-management spectrum, the mangrove management pattern of Pasarbanggi village is still consultative. Therefore, it’s required to improve management patterns to be cooperative level.
The diversity of macrozoobenthos in silvofishery mangrove and natural mangrove ecosystems in the Boe Coast Ecotourism Area, Takalar District, South Sulawesi
Authors: MARPAUNG ANGGI AZMITA FIQRIYAH , YASIR INAYAH , UKKAS MARZUKI
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Marpaung AAF, Yasir I, Ukkas M. 2014. The diversity of macrozoobenthos in silvofishery mangrove and natural mangrove ecosystems in the Boe Coast Ecotourism Area, Takalar District, South Sulawesi. Bonorowo Wetlands 4: 1-11. This study was conducted to determine the diversity of macrozoobenthos in mangrove silvofishery and natural mangroves ecosystems and to compare the abundance of macrozoobenthos in the two different ecosystems. The study was conducted between December 2012 and February 2013, located in the Mappakalompo Village pond and the estuary area of the Boe Beach Ecotourism Area, Galesong Subdistrict Takalar District, South Sulawesi. Observations were made on two stations, namely mangrove silvofishery and natural mangroves. The research method is the survey and sampling methods, then analyzed in a laboratory. The results show that the diversity of macrozoobenthos in both ecosystems is 16 species, in mangrove silvofishery found 5 species divided into 3 species of Gastropoda, 1 species of Bivalvia, and 1 species of Maxillopoda; whereas in natural mangroves found 15 species consisting of 6 species of Gastropoda, 7 species of Bivalvia, 1 species of Maxillopoda and 1 species of crustacea.  Cerithidea cingulata is the most dominant macrozoobenthos. For macrozoobenthos, silvofishery mangrove ecosystems have high macrozoobenthos abundance (1219/m²), but species diversity is low. Meanwhile, natural mangrove ecosystems have small macrozoobenthos abundance (730/m²), but species are more diverse. For mangroves, the natural mangrove ecosystem is more diverse with four species, namely Avicennia sp., Bruguiera sp., Rhizophora mucronata, and Rhizophora stylosa. While, mangrove silvofishery only overgrew two species, namely R. mucronata and R. stylosa, both planted by pond farmers.
Connectivity of macrozoobenthos community structure along a gradient of mangroves, seagrass, and reef crest habitats in Kelapa Dua Island, Seribu Islands, Jakarta
Authors: WIYANININGTIYAH ATIM AGUS , SETYOBUDIANDI ISDRADJAD , TAURUSMAN AM AZBAS
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Wiyaniningtiyah AA, Setyobudiandi I, Taurusman AA. 2014. Connectivity of macrozoobenthos community structure along a gradient of mangroves, seagrass, and reef crest habitats in Kelapa Dua Island, Seribu Islands, Jakarta. Bonorowo Wetlands 4: 37-48. Macrozoobenthos is a fauna invertebrate benthic organism by sieving with a size of 0,5 mm. The aim of this research is to connectivity the macrozoobenthos community structure along a gradient of mangroves, seagrass, and reef crest habitat in Kelapa Dua Island. Habitat conditions were taken into account for sampling strategy. Benthic fauna samples were taken using a corer. The community structure of macrozoobenthos is indicated by the parameter of several species, abundance, and biomass (SAB). Analysis of the SAB parameter similarity was mainly used to evaluate the connectivity of the three main coastal habitats. The highest number of species and macrozoobenthos biomass was found in the seagrass habitat, while the most abundance was in the reef crest habitat. The most abundant and biomass species that mainly contribute to habitat connectivity were Syllis sp. and Paraonis sp. The analysis showed that seagrass habitat was closely connected with reef crest.
Bioeconomic analysis for management of yellowstripe scad (Selaroides leptolepis, Cuvier and Valenciennes) landed in Karangantu, Banten
Authors: MAYALIBIT DEVI NILA KARISMAWATI , KURNIA RAHMAT , YONVITNER YONVITNER
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Mayalibit DNK, Kurnia R, Yonvitner. 2014. Bioeconomic analysis for management of yellowstripe scad (Selaroides leptolepis, Cuvier and Valenciennes) landed in Karangantu, Banten. Bonorowo Wetlands 4: 49-57. Yellowstripe scad (Selaroides leptolepis) is a small pelagic fish which has economically important. The purpose of this study is to determine the economic aspects of the Yellowstripe scad (Selaroides leptolepis, Cuvier, and Valenciennes) population from the Bay of Banten. The models used in this study were Schaefer, Fox, Walter Hilborn, CYP, and Schnute surplus production models. Fox models had the highest coefficient of determination (R2) value than the others surplus production models. This coefficient of determination (R2) value model was 78%, with maximum sustainability yield (MSY) was 89.289 kg/year, and its effort (Fmsy) was 2.462 trips/year. Bioeconomic analysis of MEY was 87.517 kg/year, and Fmey was 2.001 trips/year. Bioeconomic analysis showed that Factual value greater than Fmsy and Fmey. It indicates that Yellowstripe scad has been in overfishing condition economically. The management regime of MEY is better because it gets a catch effort and TC that was smaller and larger profit than management of MSY and open access. The plan for fish stock management for Yellowstripe scad in PPN Karangantu is to control the catch’s effort and gears selectivity.
Economic valuation on conversion impact of mangrove area for fish farming in Tambaksumur Village, Karawang, West Java
Authors: LOVAPINKA CHARISTA , FAUZI AKHMAD , BAHTIAR RIZAL
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Lovapinka C, Fauzi A, Bahtiar R. 2014. Economic valuation on conversion impact of mangrove area for fish farming in Tambaksumur Village, Karawang, West Java. Bonorowo Wetlands 4: 58-69. Profitable business of brackishwater black tiger shrimp and milkfish pond culture in Karawang Regency have triggered the excessive conversion of mangrove forest areas into brackishwater pond areas. This conversion result negatively impacts the household incomes and the environment since mangrove forests have a strategic role for life, such as a source of human needs, shelter, spawning and food source for marine life, and protection from coastal erosion. A study to identify the benefits of direct use values of mangroves and economic losses, analyze the benefits financially, sustainability pond analysis, and identify policy implications of the impact of tiger shrimp and milkfish with the conversion of mangrove land was conducted in Karawang Regency. Tambak Sumur was selected as a study site since this village has mangrove forest areas converted into brackishwater black tiger shrimp and milkfish as a study site since this village ponds. The parameter observed was the feasibility of mangrove forest conversion into brackishwater black tiger shrimp and milkfish ponds, such as replacement cost and economic valuation. Data were analyzed descriptively. This study revealed that mangrove forests had an important role in communities' income and the environment. Conversion of mangrove forests into brackishwater black tiger shrimp and milkfish ponds financially was still feasible, indicated by R/C of 1.12.
Characteristics of Telescopium telescopium on mangrove ecosystem at the Segara Anakan Lagoon, Cilacap District, Central Java
Authors: KURNIAWATI ANY , BENGEN DIETRIECH GEOFFREY , MADDUPPA HAWIS
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Kurniawati A, Bengen DG, Madduppa H. 2014. Characteristics of Telescopium telescopium on mangrove ecosystem at the Segara Anakan Lagoon, Cilacap District, Central Java. Bonorowo Wetlands 4: 71-81.  The purposes of this study were (i) to analyze the bioecology characteristics of T. telescopium population in Segara Anakan Lagoon, (ii) to analyze the length-weight relationship of T. telescopium based on the differences of habitat character in the area of Segara Anakan, and (iii) to analyze the relationship among mangrove characteristics, physical-chemical environment, and T. telescopium population. This study was conducted in January-March 2014. Sampling was conducted using systematic sampling based on the presence of mangrove trees. The sampling station was determined in Kicela Island (Station I), Bagian island (Station II), and Tiranggesik island (Station III). The result showed that there were 10 species of mangrove in the Segara Anakan Lagoon area. Avicennia alba was be found in the three sampling stations. The condition of mangrove Segara Anakan was degraded. This was indicated by density less than 1,000 ind/ha. Mangrove species with a higher density than other species is A. alba. The density of this species is about 500 ind/ha (Station I), 300 ind/ha (Station II), and 533 ind/ha (Station III), respectively. The length-weight relationship generates equation W= 0,4495L23163 (Station I), W = 0,3397L24498 (Station II) and W = 0,2903L24900 (Station III). The results of correlation analysis between total length and total weight of T. telescopium show a linear relationship with the line equation of y = 15,743x-68,829 with R² value= 0,6089 (Station I), y = 13,332x-49,722 with R² value= 0,7031 (Station II), and y = 13,317x-53,295 with R²= 0,8502 (Station III). b value obtained is less than 3, which indicates that the growth pattern of T. telescopium is negatively allometric, where the length of T. telescopium is faster than its weight.
Structure and relationship of crabs (Brachyura) with the environment at mangrove ecosystem Canal Areas, Karimunjawa National Park, Central Java
Authors: PUTRININGTIAS ANDIKA , BENGEN DIETRIECH GEOFFREY , MOOSA MOHAMMAD KASIM
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Putriningtias A, Bengen DG, Moosa MK. 2014. Structure and relationship of crabs (Brachyura) with the environment at mangrove ecosystem Canal Areas, Karimunjawa National Park, Central Java. Bonorowo Wetlands 4: 82-93. The mangrove ecosystem of Karimunjawa National Park was relatively good and natural, used as an ecotourism area. Karimunjawa National Park Authority provides some facilities such as mangrove tracking. The existence of mangrove tracking was predicted would influence the ecological condition of crabs, so it is necessary to study crabs and their baseline data for monitoring environmental condition purposes due to the ecotourism area establishment. Sampling was done during September-Oktober 2013 at mangrove ecosystem, Karimunjawa National Park. Sampling sites were determined by the purposive sampling method. The sample was taken using the qualitative methodology in a 1m x 1m transect. The result of this study shows that there are four species from four families: Metopograpsus thukuhar (Grapsidae), Thalamita crenata (Portunidae), Macrophthalmus (Macrophthalmus), parvimanus (Macrophthalmidae), dan Uca vocans vocans (Ocypodidae). In the study, Uca vocans vocans was the species found in the large number. The highest total crab abundance was found at station I (92 ind./100m2), and the lowest was at station III (32 ind./100m2). The Value of Diversity Index (H’) was in the low-mid category, and the Uniformity Index was in the mid-high category. There is no domination at station I, while station II and III shows a domination pattern. Generally, the crabs were in an unstable condition because The Diversity Index showed a low category. The abundance distribution pattern of species showed that crabs tended to follow the conditions of their environment and it was within their tolerable limits for life.
The development of Rhizophora apiculata at mangrove nursery of Muara Teluk Naga Village, Tangerang District, Banten
Authors: MUSTIKA DHISA INDAH , RUSDIANA OMO , SUKENDRO ANDI
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Mustika DI, Rusdiana O, Sukendro A. 2014. The development of Rhizophora apiculata at mangrove nursery of Muara Teluk Naga Village, Tangerang District, Banten. Bonorowo Wetlands 4: 108-116.  Rhizophora apiculata Blume. is one of the most important species in the mangrove forest and is often used for forest rehabilitation, particularly at Muara Teluk Naga Village, Tangerang District. The aims of this research were to obtain information about R. apiculata to find the appropriate cultivation method with a completely random system. Two treatments were used in the nursery, i.e., propagule with pieces of fruit and propagule without pieces of fruit. Therefore, planting used two treatments, i.e., planting with polybag and direct seeding. This experiment showed that the germination value of propagule with pieces of fruit was higher (74.4%) than propagule without pieces of fruit (59.6%). The signification differences of nursery treatment in R. apiculata only showed growth parameters but the other parameter not. The different treatment planting affects growth parameters.
The diversity of sea cucumbers in Fafanlap and Gamta, Misool Islands, Raja Ampat District, West Papua, and their chemical compound activity test
Authors: RUMLUS RAHMAN , SEMANGUN HARYONO , KARNARADJASA OCKY , MANGIMBULUDE JUBHAR C.
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Rumlus R, Semangun H, Karnaradjasa O, Mangimbulude JC. 2015. The diversity of sea cucumbers in Fafanlap and Gamta, Misool Islands, Raja Ampat District, West Papua, and their chemical compound activity test. Bonorowo Wetlands 5: 1-10.  The study was conducted in the waters of Kampung Fafanlap, South Misool and Gamta Village, West Misool, Raja Ampat, West Papua Province, Indonesia. The aim of this study was to (i) determine the abundance, species composition, and species diversity index of sea cucumbers (Holothuroidea) in the waters of Gamta and Fafanlap villages; (ii) to know the potency of sea cucumbers from Fafanlap as an anti-bacterial compound to Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus; (iii) to know the chemical compounds of sea cucumber. Sea cucumbers, Holothuroidea, are exploited and traded as one of the fishery products. This observation was conducted in May, June, September, and October 2013. The sample was collected using snorkeling of sea cucumbers. A 25 m transects were laid parallel to the coastline; measuring samples taken randomly 2x100 m or manta taw, each transect was only taken 3 samples. Samples were taken in the littoral area in 2 locations, i.e., Fafanlap and Gamta. The community structure was analyzed based on four ecological indices, namely composition, density, species diversity, and abundance. The results showed that two species of sea cucumbers were found in Fafanlap, i.e., Holothuria scabra and H. vacabunda, and only one species was found in Gamta, i.e., H. vacabunda. Therefore, species richness, abundance, and composition of sea cucumbers in Fafanlap and Gamta are relatively small. Ecological index variation at both locations is relatively small. H. scabra from Fafanlap contains potential anti-bacterial compounds to E. coli and S. aureus. The chemical compounds include flavonoids, saponins, steroids, and triterpenoids.
The effect of abiotic factors on the diversity and abundance of mud crab (Scylla spp.) in mangrove forests of Alas Purwo National Park, East Java
Authors: GITA RINA SUGIARTI DWI , SUDARMADJI SUDARMADJI , WALUYO JOKO
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Gita RSD, Sudarmadji, Waluyo J. 2015. The effect of abiotic factors on the diversity and abundance of mud crab (Scylla spp.) in mangrove forests of Alas Purwo National Park, East Java. Bonorowo Wetlands 5: 11-20. The purpose of this research was to know the diversity of mud crab (Scylla spp.) In mangrove forest Block Bedul National Park Alas Purwo; to know the abundance of mud crabs and to know the effect of abiotic factors on the diversity and abundance of mud crabs. This research uses a quantitative descriptive method. The diversity of mud crabs was calculated using the Shannon Wiener formula. The abundance of mud crab was calculated using the Krebs abundance formula and data analysis using simple linear regression. Data obtained from this research were the number and species of mud crab found in mangrove forest Block Bedul, National Park Alas Purwo, Banyuwangi, East Java, and abiotic data, i.e., temperature, pH, salinity, substrate type, and sea tides. The results showed that the diversity index of mud crab was H '= 0.315; i.e., the level of diversity in each station is low. The abundance of mud crabs was 0.0011 ind/m², i.e., the abundance in each research station is low. The result of statistical analysis showed that environmental factors had no significant effect (p> 0.05) on the diversity and abundance of mud crabs.
The development of oocytes from fragmented soft corals, Sarcophyton crassocaule in Gosong Pramuka, Seribu Islands, Jakarta
Authors: KAWAROE MUJIZAT , NISA VIDIA CHAIRUN , WINARTO ADI
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Kawaroe M, Nisa VC, Winarto A. 2015. The development of oocytes from fragmented soft corals, Sarcophyton crassocaule in Gosong Pramuka, Seribu Islands, Jakarta. Bonorowo Wetlands 5: 21-28. The aim of this research was to observe the development of oocytes on fragmented and natural soft coral, Sarcophyton crassocaule, including examining the number and size of gametes from fragmented and non-fragmented (nature) soft corals, as well as examining the effect of different depths of planting fragments of soft corals on reproductive ability. Coral sampling was randomized by cutting the body parts of each soft coral colony. A total of 72 colonies were collected, consisting of 24 colonies of soft coral fragments from 3 m depths, 24 colonies of soft coral fragments from 12 m depth, and 24 natural soft coral colonies (non-fragmentation). Sampling is done when the fragmentation age reaches 8 and 10 months based on the Qomariah calendar. Histologic preparations were prepared by the paraffin method to cut coral’s soft tissue (± 5 ?m) and stain them with Hematoxylin-Eosin. Observations on 72 soft coral colonies showed that all colonies contained female gametes. Female and male gametes are separated into different branches of the colony, indicating that the type of sexuality is gonochoric. Development of soft coral fragmentation at depths of 3 m and 10 m shows no significant difference. This finding is helpful for businessmen to choose the most economical depth between 3 m and 10 m to produce soft coral on a large scale.
Composition of tree species and standing structure of mangrove forest in the Pasarbanggi Village Rembang, Central Java
Authors: WICAKSONO FIKRI BAGUS , MUHDIN MUHDIN
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Wicaksono FB, Muhdin. 2015. Composition of tree species and standing structure of mangrove forest in the Pasarbanggi Village Rembang, Central Java. Bonorowo Wetlands 5: 55-62. The mangrove ecosystem at the Pasarbanggi village is one of the mangrove ecosystems which is quite good on the northern coast of Central Java. The tree species that can be found in this mangrove forest are Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora apiculata, Sonneratia alba, and Avicennia marina. Seedlings dominated by the R. mucronata with Important Value Index 175.99; similarly with saplings and trees are also dominated by R. mucronata with Important Value Index 208.2 and 183.19. Index of biodiversity (H’) in mangrove forests is relatively low, seedlings have a diversity index with a value of only 0.94, while the saplings and trees are only 0.84 and 0.75, respectively. The degradation vulnerability level on density parameters is classified as low, while on the biodiversity index parameters of classified as high and tends to degrade. Standing structure in the general shape of reverse "J" except for S. alba, that may be caused by unsuccess of regeneration.
Safety of human-AI cooperative decision-making within intensive care: A physical simulation study
Authors: Festor Paul , Nagendran Myura , Gordon Anthony C. , Faisal Aldo A. , Komorowski Matthieu
Published: February 2025

The safety of Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems is as much one of human decision-making as a technological question. In AI-driven decision support systems, particularly in high-stakes settings such as healthcare, ensuring the safety of human-AI interactions is paramount, given the potential risks of following erroneous AI recommendations. To explore this question, we ran a safety-focused clinician-AI interaction study in a physical simulation suite. Physicians were placed in a simulated intensive care ward, with a human nurse (played by an experimenter), an ICU data chart, a high-fidelity patient mannequin and an AI recommender system on a display. Clinicians were asked to prescribe two drugs for the simulated patients suffering from sepsis and wore eye-tracking glasses to allow us to assess where their gaze was directed. We recorded clinician treatment plans before and after they saw the AI treatment recommendations, which could be either ‘safe’ or ‘unsafe’. 92% of clinicians rejected unsafe AI recommendations vs 29% of safe ones. Physicians paid increased attention (+37% gaze fixations) to unsafe AI recommendations vs safe ones. However, visual attention on AI explanations was not greater in unsafe scenarios. Similarly, clinical information (patient monitor, patient chart) did not receive more attention after an unsafe versus safe AI reveal suggesting that the physicians did not look back to these sources of information to investigate why the AI suggestion might be unsafe. Physicians were only successfully persuaded to change their dose by scripted comments from the bedside nurse 5% of the time. Our study emphasises the importance of human oversight in safety-critical AI and the value of evaluating human-AI systems in high-fidelity settings that more closely resemble real world practice.
Robust adaptive control with dung beetle optimization algorithm and disturbance observer for load displacement tracking of shock absorber damper test bench
Authors: Tao Xiangfei , Liu Kailei , Han Dong , Yang Jing , Qiang Hongbin
Published: February 2025

Shock absorbers are indispensable components utilized for vibration mitigation in various fields, including construction, bridges, wind power, and pipelines. The shock absorber test bench serves as an essential apparatus for evaluating the dynamic and static characteristics of these absorbers. To address the significant tracking errors between actual and expected displacements during displacement loading on shock absorber damper test benches, a novel control strategy is proposed. This strategy incorporates a robust adaptive controller (RAC) enhanced by a dung beetle optimization (DBO) algorithm and a disturbance observer (DO). The dung beetle optimization algorithm is specifically designed to iteratively optimize the control parameters of the robust adaptive controller. Concurrently, a disturbance observer is implemented to accurately estimate external disturbances and perform feedforward compensation. A mathematical model of the electro-hydraulic servo control system of the test bench is established, and the stability of the proposed controller is rigorously verified using Lyapunov theory. To simulate and analyze the control method for the electro-hydraulic servo system of the test bench, a joint simulation model integrating Simulink and AEMSim is constructed. The performance of the proposed robust adaptive controller with DBO and DO is compared against an unoptimized robust adaptive controller and a traditional PID controller in terms of load displacement tracking. Simulation results demonstrate that the control method proposed in this study significantly outperforms other controllers in enhancing position tracking accuracy and improving system robustness. Furthermore, experimental verification was carried out on the proposed control strategy, compared with unoptimized robust adaptive control, the maximum displacement tracking error was reduced by 54.8%, and the response speed was improved by 36.3%, compared with traditional PID control, the minimum displacement tracking error was reduced by 67.4%, and the response speed was improved by 47.7%. The results confirmed the superior performance of the proposed control method.
Result of reclamation of man-made dumps from phosphorite deposits in the semi-desert zone of Kazakhstan
Authors: Konysbayeva Aizhan , Yessimsiitova Zura , Toktar Murat , Mutushev Alibek , Zhakypbek Yryszhan , Tursbekov Serik , Tursbekova Galiya , Kozhayev Zhenis , Kozhamzharova Assel , Mombekov Serzhan , Raheem Saki
Published: February 2025

Pollution from industrial activities, including heavy metal contamination, poses severe environmental challenges, especially in industrialized regions. This study evaluates reclamation efforts at the Kokzhon phosphorite deposit in Kazakhstan’s semi-desert zone, where over 67 million tons of industrial waste have accumulated across 3.3 thousand hectares. Reclamation efforts encompassed the treatment of 6,400 hectares using carbamide amendments and the planting of resilient phytomeliorants, including Russian Olive, Black Saxaul, Androsov Elm, and Salt Cedar. While tree survival rates were low (11%), herbaceous vegetation achieved remarkable success, with legumes and cereals attaining 95% growth rates. Herbaceous productivity increased from 2,200 kg/ha in 2013 to 3,300 kg/ha in 2018, alongside vegetation cover expanding from 60% to 80%. Soil fertility also improved significantly, with humus content rising from 0.18% in 2012 to 1.14% in 2023. Despite these improvements, the long-term impacts of industrial phosphorite mining continue to challenge ecosystem recovery. Over a 12-year period, reductions in humus content (47.6%) and herbaceous productivity (28.4%) have been observed, highlighting the need for enhanced soil management strategies to sustain reclamation outcomes. The results emphasize the potential of biological reclamation to restore degraded semi-desert ecosystems while underscoring the necessity of scalable, cost-effective solutions and long-term monitoring to mitigate ongoing environmental damage.
Systematic identification and characterization of high efficiency Cas9 guide RNAs for therapeutic targeting of ADAR
Authors: Gowen Benjamin G. , Melton Kory , Leong Weng In , Khekare Prachi , McCawley Shannon , Chan Jean , Boivin Pierre , Jani Vihasi , Cantor Aaron J. , Tambe Akshay , Haak-Frendscho Mary , Janatpour Mary J. , Wei Spencer C.
Published: February 2025

Therapeutic targeting of the adenosine deaminase ADAR has great potential in cancer and other indications; however, it remains unclear what approach can enable effective and selective therapeutic inhibition. Herein, we conduct multi-staged guide RNA screening and identify high efficiency Cas9 guide RNAs to enable a CRISPR/Cas-based approach for ADAR knockout. Through characterization in human primary immune cell systems we observe similar activity with two-part guide RNA and single guide RNA, dose responsive activity, similar guide activity rank order across different cell types, and favorable computational off-target profiles of candidate guide RNAs. We determine that knockout of ADAR using these guide RNAs induces pharmacodynamic responses primarily consisting of immunological responses such as a type I interferon response, consistent with the known function of ADAR as a key regulator of dsRNA sensing. We observe similar biological effects with targeting only the p150 isoform or both p110 and p150 isoforms of ADAR, indicating that at least in the contexts evaluated, loss of p150 ADAR mediates the primary response. These findings provide a resource of well-characterized, high efficiency ADAR-targeting Cas9 guide RNAs suitable for genomic medicines utilizing different delivery modalities and addressing different therapeutic areas.
Citrus tristeza virus p20 suppresses antiviral RNA silencing by co-opting autophagy-related protein 8 to mediate the autophagic degradation of SGS3
Authors: Zhang Yongle , Yang Zuokun , Zhang Zhe , Wang Guoping , Li Xiang-Dong , Hong Ni
Published: February 2025

Viruses exploit autophagy to degrade host immune components for their successful infection. However, how viral factors sequester the autophagic substrates into autophagosomes remains largely unknown. In this study, we showed that p20 protein, a viral suppressor of RNA silencing (VSR) encoded by citrus tristeza virus (CTV), mediated autophagic degradation of SUPPRESSOR OF GENE SILENCING 3 (SGS3), a plant-specific RNA-binding protein that is pivotal in antiviral RNA silencing. CTV infection activated autophagy, and the overexpression of p20 was sufficient to induce autophagy. Silencing of autophagy-related genes NbATG5 and NbATG7 attenuated CTV infection in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. In contrast, knockdown of the autophagy negative-regulated genes NbGAPCs led to virus accumulation, indicating the proviral role of autophagy in CTV infection. Further investigation found that p20 interacted with autophagy-related protein ATG8 through two ATG8-interacting motifs (AIMs) and sequestered SGS3 into autophagosomes by forming the ATG8-p20-SGS3 ternary complex. The mutations of the two AIMs in p20 (p20mAIM1 and p20mAIM5) abolished the interaction of p20 with ATG8, resulting in the deficiency of autophagy induction, SGS3 degradation, and VSR activity. Consistently, N. benthamiana plants infected with mutated CTVmAIM1 and CTVmAIM5 showed milder symptoms and decreased viral accumulation. Taken together, this study uncovers the molecular mechanism underlying how a VSR mediates the interplay between RNA silencing and autophagy to enhance the infection of a closterovirus.
In-depth Study on Universal AWT-RTT-HC-MTT Computation for Passenger Demand beyond Elevator Contract Capacity by Interlinked Monte Carlo Simulation
Authors: So Albert Ting Pat , Al-Sharif Lutfi
Published: February 2025

The traditional elevator system design is based on an initial calculation of the round-trip time (RTT) and associated parameters of pure incoming traffic during uppeak, followed by real-time computer simulation. For the calculation, it is always assumed that the passenger demand in one round-trip does not exceed the contract capacity of the elevator. One approach in the middle between the two is by Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) which is closer to real-time computer simulation but could produce consistent and converging results of parameters required by the conventional calculation approach. A previous article [16] (So and Al-Sharif 2023) studies the universal RTT, handling capacity (HC), and mean transit time (MTT) of a round-trip when the passenger demand exceeds the contract capacity of the elevator. The term, “Universal”, refers to the use of a generic PDFOD (probability distribution function origin-destination) matrix to generate passengers’ origin and destination floors. In this article, one more parameter, the average waiting time (AWT), has been added to the study. Waiting time is not well defined on an individual round-trip basis. Here, the method of interlinked Monte Carlo simulation (iL-MCS) is adopted to study the traffic performance of the elevator through a series of continuous round-trips so that the average waiting time of passengers could be estimated. Similar as before, the passenger demand of every round-trip exceeds the contract capacity of elevator. In this way, the passenger demand when the AWT becomes unacceptable can be found, like the RTT, HC and MTT estimated in the previous article.
Evaluation of EN 81-20 Requirements with regard to Car Deceleration during Buffering Process of Lifts
Authors: Vöth Stefan , Vöth Paul
Published: February 2025

Buffers at lifts comprise a certain design. This design and the resulting buffer properties have to cover the different modes of operation. For lift buffers this means the coverage of varying car masses at the specified speed. The paper shows the basic characteristics of hydraulic buffers. Following a sketch on the requirements on buffers according to EN 81-20 is given. A software for the detailed simulation of buffer collisions is presented. In the main part of the paper this software is used to calculate and to analyze two cases of buffer collisions at maximum and minimum loading each. The results out of these simulations are shown and discussed in brief.
O O O O that Shakespeherian Rag
Authors:   The T. S. Eliot Society Of Korea, KIM Yongkwon
Published: February 2025

The first Korean translation of the Waste Land by T. S. Eliot appeared in 1949. It was done by In Soo Lee (B. A. London 1940) of Korea University in collaboration with his student Chi-kyu Kim. It was loaded with some dozens of errors, most of which are minor and negligible. One exception is that of “O O O O that Shakespeherian Rag” (line 228). He translated the phrase into Korean as “아-아-아-아-세익스피히어의 누더기 쪼각” (literally, Shakespeare’s tatters), creating furor among the readship. Now “rag” (tatters) and “rag” (jazz) are homonyms. I am of the opinion that the Shorter Oxford Enlish Dictionary and the Concise Oxford English Dictionary that Professor Lee might have consulted had not yet entered homonym (jazz) so that he had unthinkingly picked up “rag” (tatters). Another case of mistranslation is that of “But” (line 227). Professor Lee and thirtteen other fellow Koreans translated it either as a conjunction or an adverb. In contrast, the French and the Japanese translator translated it as an interjection.
T. S. Eliot and F. R. Leavis: The Value of University Education and English Studies
Authors:   The T. S. Eliot Society Of Korea, KIM Yangsoon
Published: February 2025

F. R. Leavis’s critical writings on Eliot reveal various interesting perspectives, ranging from high praise to reserved judgments and even harsh criticism. Conversely, Eliot’s critical interest in Leavis is somewhat lukewarm. In the process of exploring the complex and uneven relationship between Eliot and Leavis, this paper examines the functions and value of university education and English studies. Reacting against the Machine Age, each advocates his own ideas of higher education. Leavis proposes that a “real” university should play a key role as a “creative centre,” with “English” serving as a pivotal discipline and interdisciplinary “liaison centre” to counter the perceived threats of the “technologico-Benthamite age.” Eliot’s ideas of education as a critique of his contemporary circumstances are relatively more conservative and less systematic, maintaining the importance of classic and religious education. To conclude, while Leavis’s project of the creative university opens possibilities and is more relevant to our current situation, Eliot enacts a certain linguistic creativity in his poetry and provides a “heuristic” possibility for university education. In their different ways but through their shared beliefs in the value of creativity and literary language, Eliot and Leavis offer insights into the rapidly changing paradigm of education in the twenty-first century.
dinâmicas espaciais do comércio de vestuário em Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil
Authors: Lima Abreu Fabiana , Pereira Júnior Edilson Alves
Published: February 2025

O presente artigo se propõe e apresentar a relação entre comércio e cidade e como esta relação se estabelece a partir de dinâmicas espaciais efetivadas pelo ramo do vestuário em Fortaleza/CE. A teoria dos circuitos da economia urbana aparece como ferramenta teórica e metodológica para o alcance dos objetivos propostos, sobretudo, por apreender a coexistência de atividades modernas, que abrigam um volume considerável de capital e tecnologia; e tradicionais, que se desenrolam com capitais reduzidos, dependentes do conteúdo dos lugares, onde se localizam. A partir de uma revisão de literatura, levantamento de informações/dados primários e secundários e trabalho de campo, é possível identificar as principais concentrações das atividades comerciais do vestuário em Fortaleza/CE, suas características e as dinâmicas espaciais, que produzem.