bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry with long-term alkaline transesterification for the determination of esters of monochloropropanediols and glycidol with fatty acids in edible vegetable oils and fats
Authors: Makarenko Mariia A. , Malinkin Alexey D. , Bessonov Vladimir V.
Published: July 2021

Introduction. The article discusses the method of determination of 2-, 3-monochloropropanediol (2-MCPDE, 3-MCPDE) and glycidyl (GE) fatty acids esters in edible vegetable oils and fats by slow alkaline transesterification and GC-MS/MS. Many toxicological data showed these substances to have the potential for human health risks if consumed; in addition, existing determination methods have various limitations. So, there is a need to expand the variety of 2-MCPDE, 3-MCPDE and GE determination methods. Materials and methods. 2- and 3-MCPD esters, and glycidyl esters in their corresponding free forms were measured by slow alkaline transesterification with GC-MS/MS. Results. Multiple reactions monitoring mode parameters were optimized. Compared to SIM operating mode, MRM mode improved the selectivity and increased the signal-to-noise ratio. The method was linear in the range of 0.3 mg/kg - 30.0 mg/kg for each analyte. Recovery, tested in this range, was found to be 87.5%-113.6 %. Conclusion. The method discussed here was based on the ISO 18363-2: 2018 standard. In contrast to the last one, we used tandem chromatography-mass spectrometry to detect analytes and a method of absolute calibration with internal standards to quantitate them. In addition, it is proposed to analyze a spiked sample during the sequence of unknown samples to improve the quality of results.
DINASTI FATIMIYAH : ANALISIS KEMAJUAN DAN RUNTUHNYA PERADABAN ISLAM DI MESIR
Authors: J Irwan Supriadin
Published: July 2021

This article intends to present an analysis of the progress and decline of the Fatimid dynasty, and their impact on Islamic civilization in Egypt. This caliphate was born between two political powers, the Abbasids in Baghdad, and the Umayyad II in Cordova. Over a period of 262 years, the Fatimids have made rapid progress, especially during the time of Al-Muiz, Al-Aziz and Al-hakim. These advances cover various fields, namely: 1) Progress in trade relations with the non-Islamic world, including India and the Christian Mediterranean countries. 2) Advances in art, can be seen in a number of palace decorations and architecture. 3) In the field of knowledge with the construction of Al-Azhar University. 4) In the economic sector, both in the agricultural, trade and industrial sectors. 5) In the field of security. The collapse of the Fatimid dynasty was caused by several weaknesses that existed during his reign. These weaknesses include: 1) Fatimid politics which is harsh on the Egyptian Sunni community to adhere to and recognize Shi'a teachings. 2) The control over the Fatimid territories was weakened, 3) the economy of the people and the state was weak, 4) There was resistance from the Sunnis and Christians in Egypt. 5) The struggle for power between the Barbarians and the Turks, especially in the military field. 6) The invasion of the crusaders. And the role of the caliphate is not fully functional.
http://habibiaislamicus.com/index.php/hirj/article/view/186
Authors: Jabeen Zohra
Published: July 2021

Providing its services in accordance with the principles of Shariah and maintaining the trust of stakeholders is essential for the existence of Islamic financial institutions. Islamic banks should be run under an integrated and regulated standard system called Shariah Governance Framework (SGF) The SBP, AAOFI and IFSB have proposed separate governance frameworks, However, the framework issued by the SBP is characterized by the fact that external Shariah audit is an important component of it which to ensure the independent and sovereign accountability of Islamic financial institutions. This means that Islamic financial institutions will no longer be content with internal sources such as internal Shariah audits and reviews to verify Shariah compliance, but will necessarily have to verify it with a third external party called an external Shariah audit. But after the mandatory implementation of this type of audit in Pakistan, there are many problems such as disinclination of experts, uniformity in the duration of audit and burden of responsibilities, non-standardization in the affairs of Islamic financial institutions, lack of precautionary measures taken by regulators, lack of curriculum and proper training, lack of detailed framework or format and lack of career counseling etc. This research paper covers these difficulties in the light of expert opinions.
Design, Optimization and Analysis of Lifting Tackle using Ansys software
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Sonawane Prof. Pawankumar R. , More Dr. Kiran C.
Published: July 2021

Lifting of heavy products and machinery’s is one of the major causes of injury in the working place or station. One of the incidents which took place in 2001, the Bureau of labor statics reported that over 28-35 percentage of disaster injuries were shoulder & back injuries.
• Musculoskeletal injuries (MSIs) to arms, legs and joints and repetitive strain injuries of various sorts.
• Overexertion.
• Cumulative trauma.
The above stated problems are the biggest factors in the injuries, which are noticed in labours while lifting and moving of heavy parts or machineries.
• For detailed & more information about the injuries caused during lifting of heavy parts is mentioned in the site which is in bibliography.
When an employee makes use of smart lifting practices, which are in means of mechanical gears or elements and electronics configuration which makes ease to lift any heavy products or machineries.
Customers Acuity Towards Usage of E- Banking Services During COVID-19: A Study with Reference to Thane City
Authors: Varma Mrs. Aarti Vyas
Published: July 2021

Rapid shift in technologies, increasing knowledge intensity and development in internet and telecommunications systems has brought lot of changes in almost all facets of life including banking sector. These advances have given bent to digital economy. E- banking has almost replaced the traditional banking system and act as a competent and viable means to create customer value. The covid outbreak has posed a serious threat to Indian economy. One virus has halted the entire nation. During the covid-19 situation the Government has announced a lockdown, thus allowing banks to function with limited staff. People cannot meet their regular needs for banking thereby diverting customers to opt for E-banking services. The need for E-banking has increased during the covid-19 situation. During lockdown banks were strenuous more on online banking providing better service and satisfaction of the customers. The present paper explores the major factors responsible for customers acuity towards e- banking during covid-19. Analysis of variance technique is employed to study the significant relationship between the selected variables and customer acuity towards usage of e-banking services during covid-19. The research substantiated to conceptual framework will help the bankers to understand the customers need in better way.
Retraced memories - virtual reconstruction of an architectural landmark
Authors: Fallica Simone , Garozzo Raissa , Santagati Cettina
Published: July 2021

This paper addresses the challenge of digitally reconstructing ruined architectural sites and retracing their history, in order to virtually recompose their geometrical, stylistic and material integrity. To this end, the research team analyzed the ruins of the church of Santa Maria de Monasterio Albo, located in the ancient village of Misterbianco (Sicily) and destroyed (together with the entire hamlet) by the 1669 eruption of Mount Etna. In the last years, some excavation campaigns brought the church to the light, unveiling the remains of the main portal and six altars, which are one of the most remarkable examples of Mannerist art in eastern Sicily. This research aimed to three-dimensional (3D) reconstruct both the altars and the portal, ideally reviving their original 17th century configuration. This goal was achieved through an in-depth archival research (documents dating back to the years between 1300 and 1666 were consulted), an analysis of Classic and Renaissance treatises, and two integrated digital survey campaigns (laser scans and photogrammetry). The outcome is represented by the 3D models of the seven artifacts, which include surviving parts reconstructed as photogrammetric meshes, several fragments were placed in their likely early location through a virtual anastylosis, and NURBS (Non Uniform Rational Basis-Splines) surfaces (recreating the no longer existing elements). The latter were 3D modelled based on the treatises (which provided information on the correct proportioning) or in analogy with other coeval similar artifacts. Overall, the digital reconstruction was based on the ethical principles of transparency of the intervention, recognition of non-original additions and distinction between evidence and hypothesis, according to the London Charter and the Seville Principles. The experimentation provides a valid support for possible interventions in the real world and is the starting point to develop a digital archive of the site, which would make the different accuracy levels the reconstruction explicit.

Highlights:

3D virtual reconstruction is effective to visualize and bring back to life ruined architectural artefacts.

Information about the artefacts original appearance was harvested through digital survey campaigns, archival documents, and comparisons with iconographic sources and coeval buildings.

The 3D reconstruction follows ethical principles of transparency and combines photogrammetric meshes (partly relocated through a virtual anastylosis) and NURBS surfaces.
Projetos e Educação Financeira: diálogos possíveis
Authors: Oliveira Vanessa De
Published: July 2021

Neste artigo apresentamos as metodologias ativas, dando destaque ao trabalho com projetos em sala de aula. Para isso, expomos alguns aspectos do projeto “Vamos falar sobre dinheiro? Educação Financeira no Ensino Médio”, desenvolvido com alunos da primeira série do Ensino Médio de uma escola do interior paulista. O projeto foi orientado pela autora do texto, professora de matemática da turma, ao observar e participar de diálogos entre os alunos durante as aulas. Dentre os temas de interesse dos alunos destacamos o consumo na cantina escolar, o valor da mesada e o primeiro emprego. Esses assuntos nos permitiram refletir e problematizar a Educação Financeira. Na Base Nacional Comum Curricular, ela é tratada como uma temática interdisciplinar e integradora, que deve permear diferentes disciplinas do currículo escolar, não sendo considerada um conteúdo específico, mas uma temática que deve ser discutida, em diferentes momentos e contextos, em sala de aula. O objetivo foi, através do projeto, propor aos alunos discussões e vivências com situações cotidianas que os permitissem refletir sobre o dinheiro e os modos como ele atua na sociedade. As discussões resultantes com os alunos, à luz da Educação Matemática Crítica e a Aprendizagem Baseada em Projetos, nos permitiram refletir sobre as possibilidades do trabalho e a importância da Educação Financeira na formação crítica, responsável, ética e sustentável dos estudantes.
Educação Financeira e modelagem matemática nos anos iniciais: possibilidades de um diálogo a partir da literatura
Authors: Santos Taynara Karoline dos , Teodoro Flavia Pollyany
Published: July 2021

A Educação Financeira é uma temática que no contexto escolar busca a conscientização crítica e reflexiva do aluno acerca de questões financeiras envolvendo outras áreas do conhecimento, senão da Matemática. De modo articulado, a Modelagem Matemática converge a estes preceitos ao propor a investigação de assuntos da realidade por meio da Matemática. Considerando a possibilidade de um diálogo entre elas, pretendeu-se investigar, que aspectos da prática pedagógica com Educação Financeira emergem de produções que abordam este tema e como eles dialogam com características da Modelagem Matemática? Para isto, realizamos um levantamento no Google Scholar sobre a prática pedagógica com a temática Educação Financeira em que, foram selecionados quinze trabalhos. Nesta pesquisa qualitativa, a análise dos aspectos de práticas pedagógicas identificados ocorreu por meio da Análise de Conteúdo (MORAES, 1999). Do agrupamento desses aspectos emergiram três categorias: i) apropriação de recursos como ferramenta pedagógica; ii) contribuições para o desenvolvimento consciente e crítico do aluno; e iii) relações com as múltiplas áreas para a familiarização com a temática. No diálogo estabelecido entre a prática pedagógica com Educação Financeira e Modelagem Matemática, compreendemos possíveis aproximações e articulações entre elas, no que tange o ensino e a aprendizagem da Matemática de forma crítica e reflexiva.
Educação Financeira: aprendizagem de progressões aritméticas e geométricas no contexto do Ensino Médio
Authors: Santos Martielle Soledade Souza , Dib Alfredo , Cazorla Irene Maurício
Published: July 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar o potencial de aprendizagem de Educação Financeira (EF) a partir de uma intervenção com uma sequência de ensino com ênfase em Progressões Aritméticas e Geométricas, implementada nas aulas de Matemática, em uma turma do 1° ano do Ensino Médio de uma escola pública do oeste da Bahia. A metodologia da pesquisa se fundamenta em uma pesquisa empírica, em que os estudantes preencheram dois instrumentos diagnósticos, um antes da intervenção (pré-teste) e outro equivalente após a intervenção (pós-teste), visando verificar a evolução na compreensão dos conceitos envolvidos. Para analisar os resultados utilizamos o teste não paramétrico de Wilcoxon, a correlação de Spearman e a análise de regressão. Os resultados apontam que a intervenção foi válida para a aquisição de conhecimentos, porém, identificamos a necessidade de investir nos conhecimentos prévios para assim promover uma Educação Financeira que auxilie os estudantes na tomada de decisões, levando-os a agir de forma mais consciente e ativa.
Reflexões sobre Educação Financeira escolar: o que é discutido em cursos de formação de professores dos anos iniciais e ecomo ocorre na prática?
Authors: Assis Adryanne Maria Rodrigues Barreto de , Santos Laís Thalita Bezerra dos , Oliveira Anaelize Dos Anjos , Pessoa Cristiane Azevêdo dos Santos
Published: July 2021

No presente artigo, objetivamos investigar se e como a Educação Financeira (EF) está sendo discutida em cursos de formação inicial de professores e analisar como professores desenvolvem o trabalho com tal temática em salas de aula. Como aporte teórico, utilizamos a Educação Matemática Crítica discutida por Ole Skovsmose, defendendo a ideia de uma matemática que atenda às necessidades sociais. Como método, aplicamos um questionário disponibilizado no Google Formulários para ser respondido online por estudantes em processo formativo no Ensino Superior, no curso de Pedagogia, e observamos oito aulas de Educação Financeira de duas professoras dos 4º e 5º anos de uma escola da rede privada, utilizando como recurso gravações em áudios e entrevistas após as aulas. Observamos que, apesar de a maioria dos estudantes de Pedagogia participantes da pesquisa não conhecerem a Estratégia Nacional de Educação Financeira (Enef), não possuírem uma maior orientação acerca do uso do dinheiro e não terem tido contato de forma sistemática, durante sua formação, com a Educação Financeira, acreditam ser necessária a inclusão dessa discussão tanto em salas de aula do curso de Pedagogia, como no ambiente escolar. Em relação às professoras observadas, ainda que sem uma formação inicial sobre o tema, desenvolvem discussões interessantes sobre a EF em sala de aula. Como considerações, defendemos a inserção de discussões acerca da Educação Financeira nos cursos de formação de professores dos anos iniciais.
A “Nova Educação Financeira” de Monteiro Lobato
Authors: Cordeiro Nilton José Neves , Coutinho Ronaldo Portela
Published: July 2021

Com a percepção de que temáticas associadas ao que hoje denomina-se Educação Financeira – a partir da Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) – não são novidades no âmbito escolar brasileiro, havendo o ensino de algumas delas em escolas em séculos anteriores, despertou-se o interesse de analisar se a obra Aritmética da Emília, em que Monteiro Lobato entendia expor uma nova maneira de ensinar Matemática, traz elementos condizentes à Educação Financeira, como estes se relacionam com características escolanovistas e com o que é recomendado pela BNCC, tanto através da abordagem pedagógica quanto às competências e habilidades a serem desenvolvidas. Livros, artigos e documentos forneceram subsídios para exame e utilização de elementos da técnica de Análise de Conteúdo de forma a concluirmos que há presença de conteúdos que se relacionam à Educação Financeira na obra estudada. O teor de tais conteúdos vai ao encontro do que é proposto na BNCC para anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental, com muito foco no Sistema Monetário. Em relação à sua forma de abordagem, o livro analisado se utiliza, sobremaneira, de características “pedagógicas escolanovista em detrimento da tradicional”, ao abordar temáticas relacionadas à Educação Financeira.
A Educação Financeira no Antropoceno
Authors: Lima Adriana De Souza
Published: July 2021

A constatação de que os impactos da atividade humana estariam afetando o funcionamento do planeta deflagrou no meio acadêmico um debate em torno de uma nova Época geológica que já teria começado: o Antropoceno. Resultado de um estudo bibliográfico, este artigo, sob a perspectiva da Educação Matemática Crítica, tem o intuito de apresentar o conceito de Antropoceno e, assim, refletir sobre seus desafios e implicações, investigando suas possíveis contribuições para a constituição de uma Educação Financeira pensada por educadores e conectada com a Educação Matemática. A leitura da participação da Matemática nos empreendimentos humanos é feita através das cinco dimensões da Matemática em ação e da Ideologia da Certeza. Abordam-se também os conceitos correlatos de Limites Planetários Seguros, de Grande Aceleração e de Capitaloceno, de modo a revelar as intenções subjacentes aos discursos disseminados sobre o conceito de Antropoceno. Considera-se, finalmente, que o Antropoceno é um forte componente interdisciplinar capaz de suscitar reflexões no contexto escolar e trazer contribuições para se reorientar a Educação Financeira.
Educação Financeira Escolar e EJA: uma contribuição para a implementação e/ou o aprimoramento de iniciativas de negócios informais
Authors: Santos Lilian Regina Araújo dos , Santos Bárbara Cristina Mathias dos , Rodrigues Chang Kuo
Published: July 2021

O presente trabalho apresenta um recorte dos resultados da pesquisa de mestrado desenvolvida durante o ano de 2018, com alunos da Educação de Jovens e Adultos de uma escola da rede estadual do Rio de Janeiro para investigar a correlação entre as atividades desenvolvidas pela Educação Financeira Escolar e os hábitos de consumo. À luz dos procedimentos teóricos e metodológicos da Engenharia Didática e, por meio de quatro roteiros didáticos construídos com base nos pressupostos da Educação Financeira Escolar, estimulou-se o desenvolvimento de habilidades que possibilitassem aos sujeitos da pesquisa a gestão ou a implementação de seus próprios negócios informais. Para tanto, todos os roteiros didáticos abordaram tópicos relacionados ao consumismo e às práticas cotidianas de consumo, a fim de enfatizar a necessidade em se distinguir de maneira objetiva as necessidades dos desejos de consumo, a fim de possibilitar o seu manejo consciente.
Indians, Blacks and Morochos: Trajectories, Intersectionalities, and Class Frictions in a Neighborhood of Buenos Aires
Authors: Guizardi Menara , Merenson Silvina
Published: July 2021

This book addresses the relationships between stratification and social mobilities in Argentina today, using an ethnographic study on class relations in the San Telmo neighborhood (located in the country’s capital, Buenos Aires). Relying on the extended case method, we narrate Ramiro’s life history. He is a worker who has lived in the neighborhood for forty years, striving to carve out his career through a network of micro- and macrosocial relationships that frame his daily conflicts. We start by synthesizing the debates on class internationally and in Argentina, establishing the study’s initial theoretical frameworks, and describing the methodology used. We then reconstruct Ramiro’s life, starting from his experiences in his home province of Tucumán and narrating his migration to and arrival in Buenos Aires, his settling in San Telmo, his labor insertion, and the class conflicts that he currently experiences. We conclude by presenting a tentative anthropological conceptualization of class.
STRUCTURE OF THE PHASE COMPLEX OF THE SYSTEM K,Mg,Ca||SO4,Cl-H2O AT 0°C
Authors:   Tajik State Pedagogical University named after Sadriddin Aini, Soliev L. , Jumaev M. T ,   Tajik State Pedagogical University named after Sadriddin Aini, Fritskiy I. O. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv
Published: July 2021

The translation method predicted phase equilibria on geometric images of the system K,Mg,Ca||SO4,Cl-H2O at 00 C. It was found that at 0 °C the studied system is characterized by the presence of 6 invariant points, 18 monovariant curves and 15 divariant fields. Based on the data obtained, a diagram of the phase complex of the K,Mg,Ca||SO4,Cl-H2O at 0°C and fragmented by divariant fields, as well as crystallization fields of individual equilibrium solid phases, was constructed.
NIKOLAY KIRSANOV IN THE SYSTEM OF CHARACTERS IN THE NOVEL “FATHERS AND SONS” BY IVAN TURGENEV
Authors:   Comenius University in Bratislava, Shteinbuk Feliks M.
Published: July 2021

The aim of the article is to study the character of Nikolay Kirsanov and its role in the novel “Fathers and Sons” since, until recently, this character has been rather neglected, and both national and foreign critics have focused on a standard, and often schematic, enumeration of some positive qualities of the character’s personality. In order to achieve the aim and to probably reconsider the ideas and thematic plot of the novel by I. Turgenev in general, the hermeneutic, biographical and cultural-historical methods are used in the article in the context of receptive aesthetics. The suggested approach has enabled the author to argue that the personality traits of Nikolay Petrovich are determined by his relationship with Fenechka because in this case they find themselves under pressure of social inequality, significant age difference, and their mutual illegitimate son. Such an unusual behavior of a basically positive character is motivated by his belonging to the infernal sphere, which is interpreted by means of the image of “le Diable Boiteux”, i.e. “a lame devil”, with all customs and traditions of the landowners and nobility represented in it. Moreover, the character of Nikolay Petrovich Kirsanov embodied Turgenev’s personal traumatic experience concerning the writer’s illegitimate daughter. All this has allowed the author to make a conclusion that it is possible to partially reconsider most of the novel characters due to their involvement into the ambiguous situation which formed because of one of the Kirsanov brothers. The role of the character of Nikolay Petrovich and its place in the system of characters in the novel “Fathers and Sons” consists in the fact that thanks to this contradictory character, the book obtains additional piercing human impulse, which ensures immortality of the genius Russian writer’s literary work.
CONTAMINATION OF POSTMODERNIST AND POST-POSTMODERNIST TENDENCIES IN THE WORKS BY J. FRANZEN
Authors:   V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Lushnikova Galina I. , Osadchaia Tatiana Yu. ,   V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University
Published: July 2021

The study focuses on the manifestation of the main literary trends – postmodernism and post-postmodernism – in the novels of the contemporary American writer J. Franzen, which has determined the purpose of the paper – to identify, characterize and analyze the leading features of the new literary tendencies that have obtained original interpretation in the writer’s literary creative activity. The article gives a brief overview of philosophical, cultural and literary criticism studies of both home and foreign scholars, which describe the vectors of development of the literary process at the present stage, pose various hypotheses with reference to the definition of these vectors, characterize them and suggest new terms for their nomination. The postmodernist and post-postmodernist tendencies are explored on the concrete material of the novels The Corrections and Purity by J. Franzen, in which they receive original interpretation and serve the purpose of impersonating the author’s ideas, unfolding the main themes, creating the characters and expressing the narration modality. The key method of research used in this paper is the method of interpretive analysis, which involves identifying content and semantic dominants and interpreting a work of fiction within a certain literary context, determining the inclusion of this work in the system of current literary movements and trends. The interpretive analysis of the works under investigation revealed various tendencies typical for the literary process of the post-postmodern era on the whole, the most important of which are the following: no clear distinction between postmodernism and post-postmodernism; realization and sophisticated interaction of elements of such new trends as metamodernism, cosmodernism, digimodernism, and automodernism. The results of the study can be used in literary analysis of modern fiction, and specifically in research works of different levels and in teaching at philological faculties of universities. The study argues that the novels by J. Franzen demonstrate the specific features of postmodernism and post-postmodernism, which reject the postmodernist principles and at the same time follow them, return to the realistic traditions and actualize new literary tendencies.
Effects of oligomerization and decomposition to the nanoparticle growth, a model study
Authors: Heitto Arto , Lehtinen Kari , Petäjä Tuukka , Lopez-Hilfiker Felipe , Thornton Joel A. , Kulmala Markku , Yli-Juuti Taina
Published: July 2021

Abstract. The rate at which freshly formed secondary aerosol particles grow is an important factor in determining their climate impacts. The growth rate of atmospheric nanoparticles may be affected by particle phase oligomerization and decomposition of condensing organic molecules. We used Model for Oligomerization and Decomposition in Nanoparticle Growth (MODNAG) to investigate the potential atmospheric significance of these effects. This was done by conducting multiple simulations with varying reaction-related parameters (volatilities of the involved compounds and reaction rates) using both artificial and ambient measured gas phase concentrations of organic vapors to define the condensing vapors. While our study does not aim at providing information on any specific reaction, our results indicate that particle phase reactions have significant potential to affect the nanoparticle growth. In simulations where one-third of a volatility basis set bin was allowed to go through particle phase reactions the maximum increase in growth rates was 71 % and decrease 26 % compared to base case where no particle phase reactions were assumed to take place. These results highlight the importance of investigating and increasing our understanding of particle phase reactions.
A remarkable discovery of electrum on the island of Sylt, northern Germany, and its Scandinavian origin
Authors: Schlüter Jochen , Schuth Stephan , Fonseca Raúl O. C. , Wendt Daniel
Published: July 2021

Abstract. An electrum–quartz pebble with a weight of 10.4 g was discovered in a cliff of Saalian glaciogenic sediments on the west coast of the German North Sea island of Sylt in 2012. It has a roundish water-worn appearance and consists of intergrown electrum and milky quartz. It is the largest known electrum find in Germany, and regarding its weight it also ranks amongst the largest gold finds discovered in Germany. We document and characterize this unusual discovery. Furthermore, an attempt is made to investigate its provenance. Therefore, reference samples of southern Scandinavian gold and electrum deposits and occurrences have been studied and compared to the Sylt find. The Au–Ag content determined by electron microprobe (EMP), trace element signature measured by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), and Pb isotope compositions by multi-collector ICP MS (MC-ICP-MS) suggest a southern Norwegian origin. The most probable source might be the Kongsberg ore district or an adjacent, yet undiscovered, mineralization in the Oslo region. In general, Saalian glaciogenic sediments in Schleswig-Holstein (northern Germany) are dominated by rocks of Swedish provenance. Due to the intake of older Elsterian sediments by younger Saalian glaciers, southern Norwegian rocks are also not uncommon in Saalian sediments. A Saalian ice advance or a combination of Elsterian and Saalian ice advances might have provided a transport mechanism for an electrum sample from a south Norwegian mineralization to the island of Sylt.
EcoDes-DK15: High-resolution ecological descriptors of vegetation and terrain derived from Denmark's national airborne laser scanning data set
Authors: Assmann Jakob J. , Moeslund Jesper E. , Treier Urs A. , Normand Signe
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Biodiversity studies could strongly benefit from three-dimensional data on ecosystem structure derived from contemporary remote sensing technologies, such as Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR). Despite the increasing availability of such data at regional and national scales, the average ecologist has been limited in accessing them due to high requirements on computing power and remote-sensing knowledge. We processed Denmark's publicly available national Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) data set acquired in 2014/15 together with the accompanying elevation model to compute 70 rasterized descriptors of interest for ecological studies. With a grain size of 10 m, these data products provide a snapshot of high-resolution measures including vegetation height, structure and density, as well as topographic descriptors including elevation, aspect, slope and wetness across more than forty thousand square kilometres covering almost all of Denmark's terrestrial surface. The resulting data set is comparatively small (~ 87 GB, compressed 16.4 GB) and the raster data can be readily integrated into analytical workflows in software familiar to many ecologists (GIS software, R, Python). Source code and documentation for the processing workflow are openly available via a code repository, allowing for transfer to other ALS data sets, as well as modification or re-calculation of future instances of Denmark’s national ALS data set. We hope that our high-resolution ecological vegetation and terrain descriptors (EcoDes-DK15) will serve as an inspiration for the publication of further such data sets covering other countries and regions and that our rasterized data set will provide a baseline of the ecosystem structure for current and future studies of biodiversity, within Denmark and beyond.
POET (v0.1): Speedup of Many-Cores Parallel Reactive Transport Simulations with Fast DHT-Lookups
Authors: De Lucia Marco , Kühn Michael , Lindemann Alexander , Lübke Max , Schnor Bettina
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Coupled reactive transport simulations are extremely demanding in terms of required computational power, which hampers their application and leads to coarsened and oversimplified domains. The chemical sub-process represents the major bottleneck: its acceleration is an urgent challenge which gathers increasing interdisciplinary interest along with pressing requirements for subsurface utilization such as spent nuclear fuel storage, geothermal energy and CO2 storage. In this context we 5 developed POET (POtsdam rEactive Transport), a research parallel reactive transport simulator integrating algorithmic improvements which decisively speedup coupled simulations. In particular, POET is designed with a master/worker architecture, which ensures computational efficiency on both multicore and cluster compute environments. POET does not rely on contiguous grid partitions for the parallelization of chemistry, but forms work packages composed of grid cells distant from each other. Such scattering prevents particularly expensive geochemical simulations, usually concentrated in the vicinity of a reactive front, from generating load imbalance between the available CPUs, as it is often the case with classical partitions. Furthermore, POET leverages an original implementation of Distributed Hash Table (DHT) mechanism to cache the results of geochemical simulations for further reuse in subsequent time-steps during the coupled simulation. The caching is hence particularly advantageous for initially chemically homogeneous simulations and for smooth reaction fronts. We tune the rounding employed in the DHT on a 2D benchmark to validate the caching approach, and we evaluate the performance gain of POET's master/worker architecture and the DHT speedup on a 3D benchmark comprising around 650 k grid elements. The runtime for 200 coupling iterations, corresponding to 960 simulation days, reduced from about 24 h on 11 workers to 29 minutes on 719 workers. Activating the DHT reduces the runtime further to 2 h and 8 minutes respectively. Only with this kind of reduced hardware requirements and computational costs it is possible to realistically perform the large scale, long-term complex reactive transport simulations, as well as performing the uncertainty analyses required by pressing societal challenges connected with subsurface utilization.
Anaylsis of rainfall relationships in East Asia using a complex network
Authors: Kim Kyunghun , Jung Jaewon , Kim Hung Soo , Masahiko Haraguchi , Kim Soojun
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Concurrent floods in multiple locations pose systemic risks to the interconnected economy in East Asia through supply chains. Despite the significant economic impacts, however, the understanding of the interconnection between rainfall patterns in the region is yet limited. Here, we analyzed spatial dependence in rainfall patterns of the 24 mega-cities in the region by means of complex analysis theory and discussed the technique’s its applicability. Each city and correlation coefficient was represented by a node and a link, respectively. Vital node identification and clustering analysis were conducted using adjacency information entropy and multi-community detection. The groups were clustered to reflect the spatial characteristics of climate. In addition, the climate links between each group were identified through the cross-mutual information considering the delay time for each group. It was concluded that the complex network analysis can be a useful method for analyzing spatial relationship between climate factors.
Towards using state-of-the-art climate models to help constrain estimates of unprecedented UK storm surges
Authors: Howard Tom , Williams Simon David Paul
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Our ability to quantify the likelihood of present-day extreme sea level (ESL) events is limited by the length of tide gauge records around the UK, and this results in substantial uncertainties in return level curves at many sites. In this work, we explore the potential for a state-of-the-art climate model, HadGEM3-GC3, to help refine our understanding of present-day coastal flood risk associated with extreme storm surges, which are the dominant driver of ESL events for the UK and wider European shelf seas. We use a 483-year present-day control simulation from HadGEM3-GC3-MM (1/4 degree ocean, approx 60 km atmosphere in mid-latitudes) to drive a northwest European shelf seas model and generate a new dataset of simulated UK storm surges. The variable analysed is the skew surge (the difference between the high water level and the predicted astronomical high tide), which is widely used in analysis of storm surge events.  The modelling system can simulate skew surge events comparable to the catastrophic 1953 North Sea storm surge, which resulted in widespread flooding, evacuation of 32 thousand people and hundreds of fatalities across the UK alone, along with many hundreds more in mainland Europe. Our model simulations show good agreement with an independent re-analysis of the 1953 surge event and suggest that a skew surge event of this magnitude has an expected frequency of about 1 in 500 years at the mouth of the river Thames.  For that site, we also revisit the assumption of skew surge/tide independence. Our model results suggest that at that site for the most extreme surges, tide/surge interaction significantly attenuates extreme skew surges on a spring tide compared to a neap tide. Around the UK coastline, the extreme tail shape parameters diagnosed from our simulation correlate very well (Pearson's r greater than 0.85), in terms of spatial variability, with those used in the UK government's current guidance (which are diagnosed from tide-gauge observations), but ours can be diagnosed without the use of a subjective prior. Despite the strong correlation, our diagnosed shape parameters are biased low relative to the current guidance. This bias is also seen when we replace HadGEM3-GC3-MM with a reanalysis, so we conclude that the bias is likely associated with limitations in the shelf sea model used here. Overall, the work suggests that climate model simulations may prove useful as an additional line of evidence to inform assessments of present-day coastal flood risk.
Evaluating the suitability of documents on the prevention of major risks intended for the general public
Authors: Ferrer Laetitia , Curt Corinne
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Providing preventive information to the public is one of the major challenges in the prevention of major hazards. In France, the DICRIM (Document d'Information Communal sur les Risques Majeurs; in English "Municipal Information Document on Major Risks") is currently the main regulatory risk communication tool intended for the general public. It has been developed with the aim of contributing to awareness and knowledge of risks and informing on the actions and behaviors to adopt. This raises questions as to its suitability composed of readability and legibility, essential for its appropriation by the population. Answering these questions constitutes the first step in improving its effectiveness. This article presents the development of indicators and a decision support model used to analyze and improve the suitability of a DICRIM. Two types of indicator, considering visual and content characteristics, were developed: System Indicators for the entire document and Substantive and Formal Component Indicators for the fields it contains. They were formalized using five types of source: the literature, expert knowledge, opinions of residents, analysis of a DICRIM database and a questionnaire survey. The aggregation of indicators provides suitability scores and feedback on what should be improved in the DICRIM. Validation sessions were performed with five risk analysis experts. The advantage of the model is that it can be used by the town halls and design offices of any municipality without the need to call on experts or significant human or financial resources.
Modelling rock glacier velocity and ice content, Khumbu and Lhotse Valleys, Nepal
Authors: Hu Yan , Harrison Stephan , Liu Lin , Wood Joanne Laura
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Rock glaciers contain significant amount of ground ice and serve as important freshwater resources as mountain glaciers melt in response to climate warming. However, current knowledge about ice content in rock glaciers has been acquired mainly from in situ investigations in limited study areas, which hinders a comprehensive understanding of ice storage in rock glaciers situated in remote mountains and over local or regional scales. In this study, we develop an empirical rheological model to infer ice content of rock glaciers using readily available input data, including rock glacier planar shape, surface slope angle, active layer thickness, and surface creep rate. We apply the model to infer the ice content of five rock glaciers in Khumbu and Lhotse Valleys, north-eastern Nepal. The inferred volumetric ice fraction ranges from 57.5 % to 92 %, with an average value between 71 % to 75.3 %. The total water volume equivalent in the study area lies between 10.61 and 16.54 million m3. Considering previous mapping results and extrapolating from our findings to the entire Nepalese Himalaya, the total amount of water stored in rock glaciers ranges from 8.97 to 13.98 billion m3, equivalent to a ratio of 1 : 17 between the rock glacier and glacier reservoirs. Due to the accessibility of the input parameters of the model developed in this study, it is promising to apply the approach to permafrost regions where previous information about ice content of rock glaciers is lacking.
Evaluation of Northern Hemisphere snow water equivalent in CMIP6 models with satellite-based SnowCCI data during 1982–2014
Authors: Kouki Kerttu , Räisänen Petri , Luojus Kari , Luomaranta Anna , Riihelä Aku
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Seasonal snow cover of the Northern Hemisphere (NH) is a major factor in the global climate system, which makes snow cover an important variable in climate models. Monitoring snow water equivalent (SWE) at continental scale is only possible from satellites, yet substantial uncertainties have been reported in NH SWE estimates. A recent bias-correction method significantly reduces the uncertainty of NH SWE estimation, which enables a more reliable analysis of the climate models' ability to describe the snow cover. We have intercompared the CMIP6 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6) and satellite-based NH SWE estimates north of 40° N for the period 1982–2014, and analyzed with a regression approach whether temperature (T) and precipitation (P) could explain the differences in SWE. We analyzed separately SWE in winter and SWE change rate in spring. The SnowCCI SWE data are based on satellite passive microwave radiometer data and in situ data. The analysis shows that CMIP6 models tend to overestimate SWE, however, large variability exists between models. In winter, P is the dominant factor causing SWE discrepancies especially in the northern and coastal regions. This is in line with the expectation that even too cold temperatures cannot cause too high SWE without precipitation. T contributes to SWE biases mainly in regions, where T is close to 0 °C in winter. In spring, the importance of T in explaining the snowmelt rate discrepancies increases. This is to be expected, because the increase in T is the main factor that causes snow to melt as spring progresses. Furthermore, it is obvious from the results that biases in T or P can not explain all model biases either in SWE in winter or in the snowmelt rate in spring. Other factors, such as deficiencies in model parameterizations and possibly biases in the observational datasets, also contribute to SWE discrepancies. In particular, linear regression suggests that when the biases in T and P are eliminated, the models generally overestimate the snowmelt rate in spring.
Formation Of The Ambiguous Heroic Archetype: Three Jewish-American Film Actors And The United States’ Film System, 1929-1948
Authors: McGuire John Thomas
Published: July 2021

As Carl Jung and Joseph Campbell note, archetypes, or general ideas of human types, strongly influence societies, particularly the heroic archetype. Since the 1890s mainstream cinema has facilitated the heroic archetype for worldwide audiences. This article argues that Paul Muni (1895-1967), Edward G. Robinson (1893-1973), and John Garfield (1913-1952) became the first important Jewish-American film actors to help develop the ambiguous heroic archetype in the United States’ studio system from 1929 through 1948 in two ways: Muni’s and Robinson’s critical performances in the 1930s and 1940s, particularly in gangster and film noir films, and Garfield’s films from 1946 through 1948.
“About Miracles”: Seeing the “real thing” in Hong Sang-soo’s Woman on the Beach and Éric Rohmer’s Le Rayon vert
Authors: Hovind Jacob
Published: July 2021

Hong Sang-soo’s cinema is one in which his characters consistently avoid reality, whether by constructing explanatory narratives and patterns or by turning other people into emotionally projected images. Woman on the Beach (2007), I argue, openly diagnoses this tendency and finds instead what one of its characters calls “the real thing.” Placing this film in the context of Hong’s oeuvre as a whole, I explore Hong’s overarching interest in trying to see “the real thing” instead of imaginatively constructing it. And thus, in a career frequently compared to Rohmer’s, Woman on the Beach, with its search for this almost mystical encounter with reality, emerges as Hong’s variation on Rohmer’s own search for what’s real in Le Rayon vert (1986).
The Impulse-Image of Vampiric Capital and the Politics of Vision and Disability: Evil and Horror in Don’t Breathe
Authors: Wischert-Zielke Moritz
Published: July 2021

This article examines affective and semiotic aspects of Don’t Breathe’s construction of evil and horror. To work towards a post-genre approach to horror, evil and horror are re-examined and differentiated on a discursive level in a first theoretic step. The following film analysis takes Fede Álvarez’ 2016 horror film Don’t Breathe as its case. In a first part, it draws from the Marxian metaphor of vampiric capital and employs a Deleuzian approach to film in focusing on the impulse-image of Don’t Breathe. In a second part, the analysis of evil and monstrous horror then takes into account political notions of the film’s themes of blindness and (dis)ability, thereby moving from a (primarily) affective perspective to a rather semiotic discussion.
Books Received 2021
Authors: Akser Murat
Published: July 2021

In 2021 we have received a variety of books on cinema and media from these publishers: American University of Cairo Press, Amsterdam University Press, Auteur, Bloomsbury Academic, Columbia University Press, Edinburgh University Press, IGI Global, Intellect, Liverpool University Press, transcript Verlag, University Press of Mississippi and Wayne State University Press.