bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ki-67 Evaluation for Clinical Decision in Metastatic Lung Carcinoids: A Proof of Concept
Authors: Pelosi Giuseppe , Massa Federica , Gatti Gaia , Righi Luisella , Volante Marco , Birocco Nadia , Maisonneuve Patrick , Sonzogni Angelica , Harari Sergio , Albini Adriana , Papotti Mauro
Published: February 2019

Accrual of metastatic pulmonary carcinoid patients for therapy is usually relied on clinical and histologic characterization, with no role for the proliferation activity as defined by Ki-67 labelling index (LI). A total of 14 carcinoid patients with tumour primaries (TP) and 19 corresponding tumour metastases (TM) were blindly reviewed by 2 different pathologists for necrosis, mitotic count, and Ki-67 LI. Ki-67 LI outperformed histologic subtyping, mitotic count, and necrosis with good to almost excellent (0.40-0.75) inter-observer agreement. About 10% cut-off Ki-67 LI predicted survival better than histology for TP and TM for both observers. The TM patients survived differently according to diverse treatments (somatostatin analogues [SSAs], analogues plus additional treatments except for platinum; platinum-based chemotherapy) in close correlation with <10%, 10% to 20%, and >20% cut-off thresholds of Ki-67 LI, respectively. There was also a trend for an increase in Ki-67 LI in TM as compared with TP. This is the first proof of concept in which a clinical potential is preliminarily suggested for Ki-67 LI to better stratify pulmonary metastatic carcinoid patients for treatment according to a criterion of histology-independent biological aggressiveness.
СТАНОВЛЕНИЕ СИСТЕМЫ КИНОФИКАЦИИ В ЧКАЛОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ В 1930-Е ГГ
Authors: Kukaeva Diana Kairovna
Published: February 2019

Цель. Целью статьи является характеристика системы кинофикации Чкаловской области в 1930-е гг.Метод и методология проведения работы. В качестве методов были применены проблемно-хронологический, историко-сравнительный и историко-системный методы, а также метод исторического анализа.Результаты. В статье рассмотрены основные этапы зарождения, формирования и развития системы кинофикации в Чкаловской области в 1930-е годы, осуществляющихся по следующим направлениям: организация системы управления процессом кинофикации региона, создание материальной базы, обеспечение кадровым составом, осуществление контроля в области репертуарной политики и работа со зрителем, в особенности, с детьми. Выявлены причины возникновения трудностей в работе и продвижении киноискусства в массы: непродуманные шаги местных и республиканских отраслевых органов власти, связанные с этим перебои в оснащении киноаппаратурой, поставке кинолент, их качестве, проблемы, связанные с кадровым составом. Сделаны основные выводы о деятельности областной киносети в период 1934–1940 гг.Область применения результатов. Основные положения и выводы статьи могут быть использованы в научной, педагогической и практической деятельности при рассмотрении вопросов культурного строительства в 30-е гг.
РЕВОЛЮЦИОННЫЕ КРЕСТИНЫ КАК ФЕНОМЕН СОВЕТСКОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ 1920-х гг. (по материалам прессы Башкирии)
Authors: Galieva Farida Gabdulchaevna
Published: February 2019

Целью статьи является анализ сведений о «революционных крестинах», которые практиковались в послереволюционный период в Башкирии, как и в других регионах России, они были направлены на формирование советской обрядности взамен традиционной.Метод и методология проведения работы. Историко-сравнительный анализ позволяет выявить последствия политики молодой советской власти по внедрению новой обрядности. Комплексный анализ – изучить революционные крестины вкупе с другими обычаями того времени как череду общественно-политических мероприятий, направленных на унификацию этнических и конфессиональных обычаев, формирование советской общности и советской культуры.Источниками для изучения революционных обрядов в Башкирии стали публикации в газетах «Власть труда» и «Красная Башкирия». (В архивных документах упоминания единичны.)Результаты. Выявлено, что новый обычай назывался также «новые крестины», «коммунистические крестины», «красные крестины», «октябрины», «звездины», «крестины по-красному». Он представлял собой (наряду с красной свадьбой, комсомольским рождеством, комсомольским курбан-байрам и другими праздниками того времени) общественно-политическое мероприятие – собрание работников и (или) членов партии, комсомола, профсоюза, женсовета, других общественных организаций с лекциями о новом быте, задачах молодежи, вреде религии. На торжестве чествовались молодые родители, а новорожденный до совершеннолетия получал «культурное шефство» и «идейное воспитание». Революционные крестины (как и другие новые праздники) в Башкирии стали проводиться осенью 1923 года, постепенно внедряясь в быт разных народов (русские, башкиры, татары, чуваши и др.), расширяя ареалы распространения (кантоны республики). Во второй половине 1920-х гг. прессой они перестают пропагандироваться в силу смены политического курса страны.Область применения результатов – в образовательном процессе и научно-исследовательской работе.
ОБРАЗ И ИМЯ ИИСУСА ХРИСТА В ВЕРОУЧЕНИИ НЕОКРИШНАИЗМА
Authors: Lesnyanskiy Denis Aleksandrovich
Published: February 2019

Цель. Предметом исследования является образ и имя Иисуса Христа, рассмотренные в контексте неокришнаизма. Раскрытие толкования изучаемых явлений является целью настоящей работы.Метод или методология проведения работы. В своем исследовании автор опирается на сравнительно-исторический метод, метод философского анализа, а также общенаучный метод аналогии.Результаты. Результаты работы заключаются в том, что автор раскрывает суть толкования имени Иисуса Христа и его образа в неокришнаизме как аспектов индуистского бога Кришны.В рамках исследования проведен анализ значения имени «Христос», а также других имен бога с позиций неокришнаизма и христианской теологии. Детальный анализ образа Иисуса Христа позволил выявить отношение последователей МОСК к его личности и христианскому вероучению в целом.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы при философском анализе различных религиозных образов, а также в исследованиях по философии религии, ономастике.Итоги исследования также могут быть применены при преподавании религиоведения.
АНАЛИЗ ВЗАИМОСВЯЗИ СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО САМОЧУВСТВИЯ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ ХАКАСИИ И ИХ ОЦЕНОК ХАРАКТЕРА МЕЖЭТНИЧЕСКОГО ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЯ В 1994–2016 гг.
Authors: Aksutin Yuri Mikhailovich
Published: February 2019

В статье на основе анализа материалов социологических исследований (1994–2016 гг.) рассматриваются актуальные вопросы корреляции социально-экономического самочувствия населения Хакасии и их оценок характера межэтнического взаимодействия в республике.Метод или методология проведения работы. Основу исследования образует консенсусный подход к интерпретации содержания социокультурных феноменов, компаративистский метод анализа данных, метод формализованного интервьюирования жителей Хакасии (520 чел.).Результаты. Автор констатирует, что порядка 40% респондентов межнациональные отношения оценивают как стабильно напряженные. Пиковые значения негативных оценок межнациональных отношений приходятся на периоды экономической дестабилизации, а усиление межнациональной напряженности возникает как реакция на снижение уровня материального обеспечения жителей региона.Результаты исследования могут быть применены в сфере образования, социально-политического прогнозирования.
МИГРАЦИОННАЯ ОБСТАНОВКА В ВОСТОЧНОМ КАЗАХСТАНЕ: ВЗГЛЯД И ОЦЕНКА МИГРАНТОВ
Authors: Мuratkyzy Аrman
Published: February 2019

В данной статье представлены результаты исследования миграционных процессов в Республике Казахстан в оценках мигрантов. Основной источник данных – анкетный опрос мигрантов живущих в приграничной территории Казахстана и России, а именно в Восточно-Казахстанской области. Цель исследования - выявить специфику современной миграционной ситуации в Казахстане и факторы, влияющие на миграционную подвижность многочисленных этносов республики; оценить влияние на миграцию степени этнического самосознания и включенности в этническую культуру; проанализировать направления государственной политики по управлению миграционными процессами в республике. Для достижения данной цели были поставлены и решены следующие задачи: проанализированы научно-исследовательские работы по миграционным процессам и миграционной активности; определены социально-экономическое положение, национальный состав и состояние миграционных процессов в Республике Казахстан в условиях глобализации; проанализированы миграционные процессы и миграционная активность населения приграничных регионов Республики Казахстан и России; определены особенности проявления миграционной активности в контексте отношения принимающего сообщества в приграничных регионах. Современные социологические теории миграции населения позволяют описывать такое динамически изменяющееся социальное явление, как миграция с точки зрения перспектив экономического развития стран, а также с точки зрения социокультурной трансформации, которую претерпевают социальные структуры и институты в современном обществе. Методология рассматриваемых теорий выводит социологический дискурс на уровень анализа социального пространства не в его классической интерпретации, а в понимании его как транснационального, то есть выходящего за рамки жестко кристаллизованных национально-территориальных единиц. В статье приведен анализ современных социологических теорий миграции населения; уточнено содержание ряда ключевых понятий; обоснована целесообразность применения социологического подхода к исследованию миграции как социального процесса; на основе анализа изменений, определен социально-экономическое положение, национальный состав и состояние миграционных процессов в Республике Казахстан в условиях глобализации; определены особенности проявления миграционной активности в контексте отношения принимающего сообщества в приграничных регионах (по материалам социологических исследований). Научная значимость и практическая ценность исследования определяется острой актуальностью в области миграции, а так же совокупностью поставленных задач, направленных на теоретико-методологическое и конкретно социологическое изучение миграционных процессов в контексте глобализации.
Cournot Competition in Networked Markets
Authors: Bimpikis Kostas , Ehsani Shayan , İlkılıç Rahmi
Published: February 2019

The paper considers a model of competition among firms that produce a homogeneous good in a networked environment. A bipartite graph determines which subset of markets a firm can supply to. Firms compete à la Cournot and decide how to allocate their production output to the markets they are directly connected to. We provide a characterization of the production quantities at the unique equilibrium of the resulting game for any given network. Our results identify a novel connection between the equilibrium outcome and supply paths in the underlying network structure. We then proceed to study the impact of changes in the competition structure, for example, due to a firm expanding into a new market or two firms merging, on firms’ profits and consumer surplus. The modeling framework we propose can be used in assessing whether expanding in a new market is profitable for a firm, identifying opportunities for collaboration, for example, a joint venture between competing firms, and guiding regulatory action in the context of market design and antitrust analysis.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2018.3061 .

This paper was accepted by Gad Allon, operations management.
Familiarity, Creativity, and the Adoption of Category Labels in Technology Industries
Authors: Zunino Diego , Suarez Fernando F. , Grodal Stine
Published: February 2019

The literature on technology management has increasingly focused on the sociocognitive elements of the industry life cycle. One of these elements, category labels (words, in most cases) and its role in shaping market understandings, has recently become of interest to scholars. As industries evolve, stakeholders generate a plethora of category labels. However, we know relatively little about why some category labels are used repeatedly, whereas others are abandoned. Drawing on semantic networks theory, we argue that the familiarity and creativity of category labels drive their adoption. We hypothesize that low levels of familiarity hinder comprehension, but too much familiarity increases the cost of obviousness. Likewise, low levels of creativity do not trigger curiosity, whereas too much creativity spurs dissonance. We use two methods to address these hypotheses. First, we study the early smartphone industry, finding support for an inverted U-shaped relationship between both the familiarity and creativity of category labels and their adoption, even after controlling for alternative explanations, such as technology and design characteristics. Second, we find consistent results through two online experiments that broaden the scope of our study and address potential endogeneity concerns in our field data. Our paper expands the literature on the evolution of technology industries by showing that familiarity and creativity are distinct dimensions that influence the sociocognitive dynamics of an emerging industry. We also contribute to the categorization literature by theorizing about the contestation that occurs among category labels and providing empirical evidence of the factors that affect their adoption.
Rap in Greece: Gendered configurations of power in-between the rhymes
Authors: Efthymiou Alkisti , Stavrakakis Haris
Published: February 2019

Hip hop culture in Greece – and especially rap music – seems to be going through a period of bloom. Since 2010, a new generation of Greek-based non-commercial rap artists has surged in popularity, making rhymes and tunes about their everyday experiences (drugs, sex, nightlife, violence, poverty), while self-producing their records and maintaining a critical stance towards mainstream culture and media. In the lyrics of most artists of the genre, misogynist and homophobic assumptions are frequently reproduced, despite the rappers’ expressed militancy against all forms of authority. The article examines this dissonance – created when sexist language is employed in critiques against power – and traces the intersections of gender, sexuality and political resistance within contemporary non-commercial rap in Greece. The authors focus on the produced masculinities and femininities, on the political subjects interpellated by the lyrics and on points of destabilizing regulatory gender norms. More specifically, they highlight the ways in which heteronormative masculinity is reinforced (even) in ‘politically conscious’ Greek-speaking rap and, within the same music genre, we look for its undoing.
The city in motion: Modernity, mobility and skyline views in Manhatta (1921)
Authors: Cordes Vojislava Filipcevic
Published: February 2019

The article analyses the cinematic imaginaries of motion, mobility and skyline views in Manhatta (Sheeler and Strand, 1921). While the film has been extensively discussed in the literature, its linkages with contemporaneous understandings of the urban have not been sufficiently developed. This article examines reflexivity and disembedding as processes of modernity in relationship to Manhatta, and establishes the skyline trope as the critical visual detail in the 1920s cinematic city cinema. It then explores the way in which Manhatta conveys the transience of urban experience and the fragility of urbanity endangered in particular by economic forces. This discussion further evokes the fragmentation of the new urban experiences and establishes cinematography as a bridge between the city and the nature, present too in Whitman’s poetry. Yet Manhatta succumbs to organic views of the city typical of the Chicago School of Urban Ecology, screening out of view political divisions, social stratification and urban change, and viewing urban problems as inherent to the processes of urbanization. Through a dialectical interlinkage between the city imagined and the city experienced, Manhatta presents the city as a site of strangeness that cannot be easily fathomed, one whose contradictions cannot be resolved. Silhouettes of workers prompt questions about the role of working classes, suggesting a pessimistic view of their power set against the landscape of a capitalist metropolis always in the process of motion, of being re-created. This strangeness and the difficulty of defining and understanding the elusive subject of the modern city – a trope discernable in Manhatta and also in film noir – is noted as well in the writings of Simmel, Mumford and the Chicago School of Urban Ecology.
A Study of Aplastic Anemia at the Department of Child Health, School of Medicine University of North Sumatera/Dr. Pirngadi Hospital, Medan
Authors: Arif Ajuar , Sutjipto Adi
Published: February 2019

A study of aplastic anemia in children in a period of June 1980 to June 1989 was done to evaluate the pattern of aplastic anemia in children. The cases consisted of 55 children, 30 males (54.55%) and 25 females (45.45%). Most of the patients (47.27%) were found in the age group of 10 to 15 years. The complaints were paleness (90.91%), fever (56.45%) and bleeding (52. 71%). The hemoglobin concentration was 4.25 ± 1.17 g/dl (mean ± SD), and the thrombocytopenia was generally severe.

Prednisone or combination of prednisone and oxymethalone was given in addition to blood transfusions, antibiotics and vitamins. The outcome was difficult to evaluate because of the irregularity of treatments. Of the 55 children, 9 (18.02%) contracted leukemia after 1 - 5 months.
The Pattern of Thalassemia in Children at the Department of Child Health, School of Medicine University of North Sumatera/ Dr. Pirngadi Hospital, Medan
Authors: Sinulingga Sugiani , Loebis Ismet Fadil , Sutjipto Adi
Published: February 2019

A study of the characteristics of childhood thalassemia was conducted at the Sub Department of Pediatric Hematology, Dr. Pirngadi Hospital from June 1979 to May 1989.

There were 131 cases, consisting of75 (57.25%) boys and 56 (42.75%) girls with an average of 12 admission every year. The predominant age group was 0-2 years, and the youngest was 3 months old; Javanese ethnic group appeared predominant in 36 (63.15%) cases.

Clinical symptoms of anemia were found in 112 (85.49%}, hepatomegaly in 91 (69.46%}, hepatosplenomegaly in 84 (64.12%}, without enlargement of organ in 17 (12.97%), and icterus in 6 (4.58%). Hb-Electrophoresis was done in 42 cases, revealing 26 (61.90%) with thalassemia major, 15 (35.71%) Hb E thalassemia, and 1 (2.20%) Hb H thalassemia. Hb value at the first admission in 65 (49.62%) was less than 5 g/dl, in 63 (48.09o/o) it was 5-10 g/dl and in 3 (2.29%) more than 10 g/dl.
Steatocrit: A Simple Method for Detection Fat Malabsorption
Authors: Suharyono Suharyono , Satari Hindra Irawan , Firmansyah Agus
Published: February 2019

Steatocrlt was determined through microcentrifugation of fecal hemogenate from 45 patients with chronic diarrhoea. In the same patients urine materials were collected to determine fat malabsorption using Lipiodol absorption test. There were 28 male and 17 female patients. Severe malabsorption using steatocrit was detected tn 31 patients (68;9%), while LAT determined severe malabsorption in 34 patients (75.5%). The overall sensitivity was 88.2%, and spesificity was 90.9%. Nutritional status did not influence the sensitivity and spesificity of steatocrit. We propose that this simple semiquantitative test can be used as an alternative method for detecting fat malabsorption particularly in laboratories with limited technical expertise.
Graves' Disease and Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Assin M. Suttan , Rukman Jusuf , Batubara Jose R. L. , S. P. Purnama Wati
Published: February 2019

Thyroid hormones play an important role in the metabolic propesses. Its disturbances will involve several organs, consequently. A 5 year old girl with Graves' diseases, after several weeks of treatment with propylthiouracil (PTV), developed thyrotoxicosis crisis and diabetes mellitus with ketoacidosis; a condition which is usually fatal. Treatment toward the hyperthyroid state overcome the diabetic stage, eventually.

This report is an example of an endocrinological interaction in a hyperthyroid patient. Therefore, the diabetogenic effect of hyperthyroxinemia should not be overlooked.
Aids in Infants and Children
Authors: Sunarto Sunarto
Published: February 2019

Children are infected by HIV, 80% vertically, from HIV infected mothetS mostly near or at delivery. Because heterosexual transmission of HIV among adults is more and more important it is estimated that at the end of this century there will be totally more than 10 million HIV infected children.

Three quarters of HIV-infected babies show non specific symptoms at the early phase, including failure to thrive, chronic diarrhea, recurrent bacterial injections, mucocutanous infection.

Cytotropism of HIV to neroe cells resul.ts tn inflammation, neroe cell damage and neuronal loss. Progressive neurologic abnormalities and developmental milestone regression or developmental retardation will be the results. Pneumocystics carinii infection has worse prognosis than lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia which more commonly occurred in HIV injected children. Diarrhea is a troublesome problem in children with AIDS. Kaposi's sarcoma and secondary cancer are rare in pediatric AIDS.  Anemia and thrombocytopenia is common among AIDS children. In developing countries children with AIDS die within the year following the appearance of the symptoms, whereas asymptomatic HIV-injected children will live longer with high risk of recurrent and opportunistic injections.

The hallmark of AIDS in children is the same as in adults,iI.e. the decrease of the number and function of CD4 lymphocytes. This in turn influences the junctions of other immunocompetent cells and loss of immunity is the result. Many things are still unexplainable in children AIDS.
Blood Bilirubin Content in Neonatal Tetanus Patient with Hyperbilirubinemia during Treatment with Intravenous Diazepam
Authors: Soeetomenggolo Taslim S.
Published: February 2019

An evaluation on 128 neonatal tetanus patients with hyperbilirubinemia was done at the Department of  Child Health, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta. The patients were treated with high dosages of diazepam intravenously. This drug is potential to cause the increase of blood bilirubin, and in turn this latter condition is potential to cause kernicterus.

Of the 128 patients there were 70 males and 58 females. The age of the patients were mostly (79.6 %) 4- 7 days.

Fourteen of the 128 patients showed the increase of their blood bilirubin content during the second day of treatment, but after that it declined gradually during the next 3 days. The mortality of the 14 patients was 8 (57.1 %), so far no kernicterus was recorded among them.

Among the 128 patients, 114 patients showed the decrease of their blood bilirubin content during the treatment. During 3 days the blood bilirubin content became less than 10 mg/dL. No kernicterus was recorded among those patients.

It was concluded that intravenous diazepam is not dangerous in patients with mild and moderate hyperbilirubinemia, and no kernicterus was recorded during evaluation.
Trichobezoar in Two Children
Authors: Halimun E. M. , Kandouw E. , Arianto A. , Safiun S.
Published: February 2019

Two cases of trichobezoar in females of 11 and 12 years respectively have been presented. Trichophagia as a common habit or it could be a sign of emotional tension. Etiological clues should be sought and the underlying stress be removed and ameliorated.
A Case of Pyloric Diverticulum
Authors: Tangkilisan H. A. , Salendu-Warouw S. M.
Published: February 2019

EG, an 11-year-old- Indonesian boy, 30 kg of body weight and 130 em of body length was admitted to the Department of Child Health, Gunung Wenang General Hospital Manado with pyloric diverticulum. The main complaint was sudden frequent hematemesis. The first attack of this symptom developed when he was 9 years old. Physical examination showed only tenderness in the epigastric region. The laboratory findings were normal. The diagnosis was based on the Barium meal X-ray, which showed an additional appearance in the pyloric region (prebulbar). He was treated with conservative treatment and after 10 days of hospitalization, he was discharged in good condition.
Diagnosis and Management of Brain Abscesses in Children
Authors: Soetomenggolo Taslim S. , Passat Jimmy , Pusponegoro Hardiono D. , Ismael Sofyan
Published: February 2019

During 4 years, 20 patients with brain abscesses were hospitalized in the Departement of Child Health, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, jakarta. Of those 20 patients 11 were males and 9 were females. The youngest patient was 2 months old and the oldest was 12 years old. The important signs and symptoms in making diagnosis were the sign of injection, increased intracranial pressure, and focal neurological disorders. Laboratory examinations were of little value in establishing the diagnosls of brain abscess. By performing head CT Scan the diagnosis of brain abscess will be confirmed accurately. Of the 20 patients, 15 (75 %) suffered from single abscess and 5 (25 %) suffered from multiple abscesses. The results of treatment by surgical intervention were better than nonsurgical treatment. The high mortallty of the nonsurgical patients was caused by the severity of the disease due to the ignorancy of their parent.
Balinese Mothers Developmental Timetables For Young Children
Authors: Williams Phoebe Dauz , Soetjiningsih Soetjiningsih
Published: February 2019

Cultures differ from one another in the types of competence that adults encourage in children, the age at which they expect a given skill to be acquired, and the level of proficiency they want children to achieve. The concept of developmental timetables refers to the ages at which parents expect skills to appear in children. The purpose of the study was to investigate the developmental timetables of rural and urban mothers in Bali, Indonesia, and the extent to which mother’s teach children various skills before Kindergarten age. The total sample was 200, 100 rural mothers and 100 urban mothers in the regency of Badung. Mothers responded to a structured questionnaire which was read to them aloud by trained interviewers who then recorded the responses. All the mothers had children between 4-6 years old; equal numbers of male and female children were included, and the entire economic and educational ranges were represented. Results showed that urban and rural mothers differed in their age expectations of children's development. Rural mothers reported wider age ranges as well as older mean ages of skill acquisition by children compared to urban mothers. Furthermore, specific caregiving activities, were performed earlier by urban mothers compared to rural mothers. However, reading the first book to the child was both quite late for urban and rural mothers. The implications of the findings to child development were discussed.
Nutritional Status of Children in Three Pre-elementary Schools in Medan, North Sumatera Abstract
Authors: Gani Abdul , Miraza Erliana Malik , Lubis Iskandar Z. , Hamid Endang D. , Tarigan Sjarjikat
Published: February 2019

Anthropometric measurements have been taken on 162 children of Methodist, Dharma Wanita USU and Aisyiah pre-elementary schools in Medan to assess their nutritional status. This study was done cross sectionally from january to February 1990.

The nutritional status of those children were then compared among those schools with the assumption that father's income and educational level of mothers were different. By the parameters of W!A, HI A. q.nd WIH it showed that the nutritional status of children in the pre-elementary schools were generally quite good. Using parameters W/A and W/H there was a significant difference between the children in Methodist and in Aisyiah (p <0.001).

University graduated mothers could be found in Dharma Wan ita USU, whereas in Methodist and Aisyiah pre-elementary schools the mothers were mostly secondary high school graduates.

Father's income above Rp. 150.000,- could be found in Methodist pre-elementary school subsequently followed by Dharma Wanita USU pre-elementary schools, whereas in A isyiah pre-elementary school the father's income was mostly between Rp. 100.000,and Rp. 149.999,-.

By using the Water/ow classification we found 9.88% children with acute Protein Calorie Malnutrition, whereas chronic Protein Calorie Malnutrition only 2.46%. The nutritional status of children in the three pre-elementary schools could be concluded as good.
Right Isomerism
Authors: Oesman Ismet N. , S. Hindra Irawan , Mardiono Bambang , Sastroasmoro Sudigdo
Published: February 2019

A rare case of complex heart malformatrion with right isomerism in a full-term baby boy which was the first case published in Indonesia is reported. The patient was initially managed as a healthy baby, but on the 20th hours after delivery he repeatedly vomitted, and from the rontgenographic finding diagnosis at that time was duodenal atresia. During the duodenostomy operation the surgeon noticed that the spleen was absent. Cyanosis appeared after operation. Techocardiography and electrocardiography was done immediately, which showed complex cyanotic congenital heart disease. Diagnosis complex cyanotic congenital heart disease with right isomerism then was suspected. Unfortunately the baby died on the 12th day of admission. 1be cause of death was sepsis and anoxia because of complex cyanotic congenital heart disease. Autopsy findings confirmed the diagnosis of right isomerism (bilateral trilobes lung, bilateral right atrial appendages).
Catheter Related Infections in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Garna Herry
Published: February 2019

During a 9-month prospective study, from August, 1988 to April, 1989, a total number of 4328 hospitalized pediatric patients at the Department of Child Health, Padjadjaran University, Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, were observed to identify skin and soft tissue nosocomial infections (not included postoperative), especially catheter related injections.

The gastroentestinal tract was the most frequent site of nosocomial infections (44.3%), then subsequently followed by skin infection (22.6%), bacteremia (16.3%) and urinary tract infection (14.1%). The most frequent cause of nosocomial skin infections like phlebitis was IVFD occurring in 82 out of 93 patients (88.2%). The overall phlebitis attact rate was 4.2% . When the duration of infusion is devided into 3 groups of 0-36 hours, 37-72 hours and ≥ 73 hours, then it becomes clear that the longer the duration of infusion, the higher the attack rate (x2=8.07, p<0.05).

Klebsiella pneumonia seemed to be the pathogen most frequently associated with nosocomial skin infections (26. 7%), followed by Enterobacter aerogenes (20.0%), and then E. coli, Ps. aeruginosa and S. aureus 13.3% each. It could be concluded that the risk of contracting phlebitis from JVFD with a duration  of ≥ 73 hours was. 1.9 times higher than that of less than 72 hours.
Persistent Diarrhea: Possible Risk Factors in Indonesia
Authors: Sunoto Sunoto
Published: February 2019

From the management point of view, acute diarrhea in Indonesian children is not a big problem anymore. Persistent diarrhea, although the prevalence is less than 10% of acute diarrhea, hut the case fatality rate is about 5-7 times higher which is account for 30-50% of total diarrhea deaths.

There are many factors which may contribute to the etiologies of persistent diarrheas. They are among others the specific agents mainly the invasive bacterias (Galmonella spp, Shigella spp, Campylobacter spp, Enteroinvasive E. coli, etc.), Giardia Lamblia and E. histolytica; malnutrition, malabsorption syndromes, systemic infections mainly measles; and last but not least the missmanagement of acute diarrhea, particularly the abundance use of antibiotics and antidiarrheal agents, the late of giving food to the patients and the too early giving semisolid food in normal young baby less than 4-6 month of age.
Mantoux Test in Under-five Children Visiting the out~patient Child Clinic of Dr. Pirngadi Hospital, Medan
Authors: Dalimunthe A. Razak , Daulay Ridwan M. , Lubis Iskandar Z. , Lubis Helmi Muchtar , Siregar Zakaria
Published: February 2019

To assess the difference of Mantoux test result of under-five children who bad had BCG vaccination and those who bad not, a cross sectional study was conducted in the out patient child clinic of Dr. Pirngadi Hospital, Medan.

This study was conducted from February 6, 1990 until March 3, 1990 comprising 328 under-five children (164 who bad received BCG vaccination and 164 who bad not).

We found positive Mantoux tests in 86.0% of under-five children who bad BCG vaccination and 9.2% of under-five children who not bad (P<0.001). Tbe diameter of induration of Mantoux tests in the under-five children who bad received BCG at the age of 1 year or less was significantly different from those who bad received it at the age of older than 1 year (P<0.001).

Positive Mantoux test with a diameter of ≥ 5 mm, done after 1 year or more was found in 21. 7% of children who bad BCG vaccination in the neonatal period.
Factors associated with pericardial effusion in pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Rachmawati Pediana , Murni Indah K. , Nugroho Sasmito , Noormanto Noormanto , Sumadiono Sumadiono
Published: February 2019

Background Cardiovascular involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been reported to range from 4-78%. Complications can affect all structures of the heart, including the endocardium, myocardium, pericardium, and valves. Pericarditis is the most common manifestation, with an incidence of 11-54% in SLE patients. Pericardial effusion is often observed in patients with pericarditis, and can be confirmed by echocardiography.

Objective To determine factors associated with pericardial effusion in children with SLE.

Methods We conducted a restrospective cross-sectional study by reviewing medical records of children with SLE aged less than 18 years who underwent echocardiography at the Dr. Sardjito Hospital. Yogyakarta, from January 2011 to March 2018. Patients with congenital heart disease or incomplete medical records were excluded. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was done to determine factors that independetly associated with pericardial effusion.

Results Among 165 children with SLE, 73 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of pericardial effusion was 54.8%. Median age was 13 (range 5-17) years and the female-to-male ratio was 8:1. Hemolytic anemia (OR=4.135; 95%CI 1.039 to 16.453; P=0.044) was significantly associated with pericardial effusion.

Conclusion Hemolytic anemia is significantly associated with pericardial effusion in children with SLE.
What are Cascading Disasters?
Authors: Alexander David , Pescaroli Gianluca
Published: February 2019

Cascades have emerged as a new paradigm in disaster studies. The high level of dependency of modern populations on critical infrastructure and networks allows the impact of disasters to propagate through socio- economic systems. Where vulnerabilities overlap and interact, escalationpoints are created which can create secondary effects with greater impact than the primary event. This article explains how complexity can be categorised and analysed in order to find those weak points in society that enable cascading impacts to develop. Scenarios can be used to identify critical dependencies and guide measures designed to increase resilience.Experience suggests that many potential impacts of cascading disasters remain uninvestigated, which provides ample scope for escalation of impacts into complex forms of crisis.
Multi-Dimensional Chebyshev Polynomials: A Non-Conventional Approach
Authors: Cesarano Clemente
Published: February 2019

Chebyshev polynomials are traditionally applied to the approximation theory where are used in polynomial interpolation and also in the study of di erential equations, in particular in some special cases of Sturm-Liouville di erential equation. Many of the operational techniques presented, by using suitable integral transforms, via a symbolic approach to the Laplace transform, allow us to introduce polynomials recognized belonging to the families of Chebyshev of multi-dimensional type. The non-standard approach come out from the theory of multi-index Hermite polynomials, in particular by using the concepts and the related formalism of translation operators.
A Survey of Riemannian Contact Geometry
Authors: Blair David E.
Published: February 2019

This survey is a presentation of the five lectures on Riemannian contact geometry that the author gave at the conference “RIEMain in Contact”, 18-22 June 2018 in Cagliari, Sardinia. The author was particularly pleased to be asked to give this presentation and appreciated the organizers’ kindness in dedicating the conference to him. Georges Reeb once made the comment that the mere existence of a contact form on a manifold should in some sense “tighten up” the manifold. The statement seemed quite pertinent for a conference that brought together both geometers and topologists working on contact manifolds, whether in terms of “tight” vs. “overtwisted” or whether an associated metric should have some positive curvature. The first section will lay down the basic definitions and examples of the subject of contact metric manifolds. The second section will be a continuation of the first discussing tangent sphere bundles, contact structures on 3-dimensional Lie groups and a brief treatment of submanifolds. Section III will be devoted to the curvature of contact metric manifolds. Section IV will discuss complex contact manifolds and some older style topology. Section V treats curvature functionals and Ricci solitons. A sixth section has been added giving a discussion of the question of whether a Riemannian metric g can be an associated metric for more than one contact structure; at the conference this was an addendum to the third lecture.
On the solvability of a nonlocal problem for the system of Sobolev-type differential equations with integral condition
Authors: Assanova Anar T.
Published: February 2019

Sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of a classical solution to a nonlocal problem for a system of Sobolev-type differential equations with integral condition are established. By introducing a new unknown function, we reduce the considered problem to an equivalent problem consisting of a nonlocal problem for the system of hyperbolic equations of second order with a functional parameter and an integral relation. We propose the algorithm for finding an approximate solution to the investigated problem and prove its convergence.
Tearing up the sanity clause: A class action
Authors: Chiaro Delia
Published: February 2019

The law and lawyers are so pervasive in US life and culture that it should come as no surprise that they invite the kind of parody that the cinematic tradition has displayed from the birth of the movies to the present day. By examining a small number of well-known courtroom comedies, this short essay will examine how these movies often use an unlikely character, an outsider and an underdog in terms of class or education who is unable to adhere to the rules of judiciary procedures. While it is true that this outsider is there to be laughed at, humor also emerges from the ridiculousness of many aspects of the legal system and especially of legalese.
Mathematical Modelling and Simulation of a Trickle-Bed Reactor for Hydrotreating of Petroleum Feedstock
Authors: Ramírez-Castelán Carlos Eduardo , Hidalgo-Vivas Angélica , Brix Jacob , Jensen Anker Degn , Huusom Jakob Kjøbsted
Published: February 2019

In this work, a model for a trickle-bed reactor for catalytic hydrotreating (HDT) of oil fractions is developed and simulations are performed to investigate its behavior. The model considers dynamic, one-dimensional plug-flow to describe a heterogeneous, adiabatic trickle-bed reactor. It takes into consideration the main reactions present in the HDT process: hydrodesulfurization (HDS), hydrodenitrogenation (HDN), and hydrodearomatization (HDA) with a reconstructed petroleum feedstock using a practical approach of generation of pseudo-components by dividing the boiling point curves of the feedstock. The model is solved using the method of lines with a finite difference scheme for discretization in the axial direction and simulations are performed for an industrial hydrotreating unit to evaluate the behavior of the system under different conditions and assumptions e. g. related to the linear gas velocity. A study of the dynamics is carried out to investigate the behavior of the system with a change in the sulfur compound concentration of the feed. In addition, a sensitivity analysis of the most relevant model parameters is performed.
Comparison between NRZ/RZ Modulation Techniques for Upgrading Long Haul Optical Wireless Communication Systems
Authors: Rashed Ahmed Nabih Zaki
Published: February 2019

This study has presented the complete comparison non return to zero (NRZ) and return to zero (RZ) modulation techniques for upgrading long haul optical wireless communication systems. Electrical signal to noise ratio is measured. Q-ranges factor are measured at the receiver side for different transmission distance from 500 to 1000  km. As well as the performance parameters of optical wireless communication systems are estimated at different transmission data rates with possible maximum transmission distance. NRZ modulation technique has outlined better performance than RZ modulation technique for upgrading optical wireless communication systems.
Balance of Power or Balance of Threat: Revisiting Ottoman Alliance Politics before the Great War
Authors: Dagi Dogachan
Published: February 2019

The Ottoman alliance politics before the Great War has not been explored for theorizing alliance politics though it presents a unique example of alliance formation under external threat. Thus, in this article, a neo-realist balance of threat theory is utilized to examine the Ottoman decision to align with Germany in the Great War. Unlike a historical account as to why the Ottomans sided with the German-Austrian alliance, this article develops a theoretical approach that takes insights from ‘alliance theories’ to explain the Ottomans’ fateful alignment. Such an alliance theory approach underlines the dilemmas of the Ottoman decision makers and demonstrates ‘rational’ elements of their strategy of balancing the main source of the threat. By bringing alliance theories and Ottoman historiography together it is argued that the Ottomans, in their search for an alliance before the Great War, sought a “balance of threat” politics rather than a “balance of power” politics.
Induced charges and quark polarization operator at A0 background
Authors: Baranov I. A. , Skalozub V. V.
Published: February 2019

The presence of the A0  condensate in quark-gluon plasma leads to Z(3) symmetry breaking and Furry's theorem violation. Due to this phenomenon the color charges are induced and other even-number diagrams are allowed. We calculate the first diagram of this series – tadpole diagram with one gluon line and find induced color charges in the plasma. Next, quark polarization operator in presence is calculated and partially  investigated.
Optical properties of clusters
Authors: Kovalchuk V. V.
Published: February 2019

In this paper, we discuss in detail the theoretical results obtained with using the local functional density method in parameteric approximation of silicon clusters. One of the main conclusions is that the comparison between theory and experiments shows the possibility of different radiative channels for the recombination in porous silicon.
The effect of cooling rate on the magnetic properties of Cu-Fe-Ni multicomponent alloys with Al and Si additions
Authors: Kushnerov O. I. , Bashev V. F.
Published: February 2019

The paper explores the structure and magnetic properties of multicomponent high-entropy Al-Cu-Fe-Ni-Si alloys in as-cast and splat-quenched state. This alloy system is characterized by the absence of expensive components, such as Co, V, Mo, Cr, usually used for the production of high-entropy alloys while its characteristics are not inferior to those of more expensive alloys. Components of the studied high-entropy alloys were selected taking into account both criteria for designing and estimating their phase composition, which are available in the literature and based on the calculations of the entropy and enthalpy of mixing, and the difference between atomic radii of components as well. The alloy films were fabricated by a known technique of splat-quenching. A cooling rate estimated by film thickness was ~ 106 K/s. Experimental results reveal that the studied alloys except the Al0.5CuFeNi one are multiphase, with the structure consisting of disordered BCC and FCC solid solutions. The Al0.5CuFeNi alloy has only FCC phase. The leading role in determining the type of solid solution formed in the studied high-entropy films obviously plays an element with the highest melting point. All of the investigated multicomponent films are soft magnetic materials as indicated by low values of coercivity, while most of the as-cast alloys are hard-magnetic.
Kerry Egan, On Living
Authors: Idler Ellen
Published: February 2019

Kerry Egan, On Living (New York: Riverhead Books, 2016), 224 pp., $24.00 (hbk), ISBN: 1594634815.
Editor's Introduction
Authors: Johnston Lucas F.
Published: February 2019

Editor's Introduction
CORROSION PROTECTION OF CARBON STEEL USING ZIRCONIUM OXIDE/SILANE PRETREATMENT AND POWDER COATING
Authors: Chi Nguyen Van , San Pham Trung , Hang To Thi Xuan , Nhung Le Thi , Khoa Truong Anh , Hoang Nguyen , Hien Nguyen Thu
Published: February 2019

Surface pretreatment plays important role in improvement of corrosion resistance and adhesion of organic coatings. A new generation of metal pretreatments based on nanosize zirconium oxide or ogranosilane film has been investigated recently as an alternative method to phosphatation. In this paper, ZrO2/silane composite film on carbon steel was prepared and characterised by field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectrum and electrochemical measurements. The effect of ZrO2/silane surface treatment on the protection properties of powder coating was studied by salt spray test and adhesion measurement. The results obtained showed that ZrO2 was rapidly precipitated on the steel surface after first 1 minute immersion and ZrO2/silane film formed after 4 minutes immersion give best protective properties. Powder coating on carbon steel with ZrO2/silane pretreatement has equivalent protection performance like powder coating with  phosphate pretreatment.
Diversity of microcystins and non-microcystin-producing  Microcystics  population in the Dau Tieng reservoir, Vietnam
Authors: Luu Pham Thanh
Published: February 2019

In this study, a 16S rDNA clone library was used to evaluate the diversity of potential microcystin producing cyanobacteria and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to analyze the diversity of this population based on the presence of the mcyD gene in samples collected during a bloom season. The results revealed that Microcystis genera from the Dau Tieng reservoir (DTR) contained several genotypes. The isolated Microcystis strains from the DTR were found to consist both toxic and non-toxic species within species and population. In total 35 strains acounted for 58% were found to produce a mixture of microcystins (MCs). All samples of cyanobacterial blooms in the DTR contained high amount of MCs which could pose health risk to aquatic systems and local people.