bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ShareHeart: A patient journey map of patients with ischemia and non‐obstructive coronary artery disease based on qualitative research
Authors: Van Schalkwijk Dinah L. , Widdershoven Jos W. M. G. , Elias‐Smale Suzette , Hartzema‐Meijer Marielle , Den Oudsten Brenda L. , Slatman Jenny , Mommersteeg Paula M. C.
Published: June 2022

Aims and objectives

To visualise the health care experiences and needs of patients with ischemia with non‐obstructive coronary arteries in a patient journey map. As such, future design challenges can be provided, and it can be used for future healthcare optimization.

Background

Ischemia with non‐obstructive coronary arteries is a chronic cardiac condition caused by vascular dysfunctions. Ischemia with non‐obstructive coronary arteries is often unrecognised, significantly impairs daily functioning, and is more prevalent among women. Patients' experiences remain unexplored, and a clear patient‐centered care pathway is lacking.

Design

A qualitative interpretative research design was performed and the standards for reporting qualitative research (SRQR) has been used.

Methods

In total, 36 women were included and participated in eight semi‐structured focus group interviews. Thematic analysis was used, and identified themes were further classified using ‘patient journey mapping.’ Additionally, Picker's ‘eight principles of patient‐centered care’ were linked to the results and integrated in the patient journey map.

Results

Participants experienced a lack of familiarity with the specific cardiac condition by healthcare providers, repeated hospitalisation, testing and referrals, shortage of specialised cardiologists, and feelings of not being heard. In addition, needs for a multidisciplinary treatment program (including physical and psychological support), better information provision, and an easily accessible contact person were expressed.

Conclusions

The resulting patient journey map shows how patients experienced and interacted with the current healthcare system. Overall, the results show a complex and long healthcare pathway and important themes for healthcare experiences and needs were identified. Future research could focus on the development and implementation of a patient‐centered evidence‐based clinical pathway optimising experiences and quality of life.

Relevance to clinical practice

The visual tool can help health care professionals, policy makers, and researchers improve healthcare provision which is patient‐centered and tailored to the preferences of patients with ischemia with non‐obstructive coronary arteries.
Between agency and uncertainty – Young women and men constructing citizenship through stories of sexual harassment
Authors: Honkatukia Päivi , Peltola Marja , Aho Timo , Saukkonen Roosa
Published: June 2022

In this article, we examine young people's narratives on sexual harassment on how it is endured, objected, observed, and negotiated in diverse everyday life environments. The article is based on an analysis of thematic interviews with 36 young people aged 15–19 living in the metropolitan area of Helsinki, Finland. Altogether 23 young women and 13 young men participated in the interviews which were conducted at educational institutions as individual, paired or group interviews. We analyze young people's narratives on sexual harassment as stories of everyday citizenship and, and more precisely, as acts of citizenship. We have also applied the concept of respectability to study how young women and men construct respectable sexual citizenship. We found out that whereas female respectability suggests that young women should be able to protect their sexual integrity effectively, male respectability expects young men to effectively balance between different positions of masculinity. While young people widely condemn sexual harassment and recognize it as discrimination, the gendered ways of constructing respectability, however, maintain the moral double standard by which young women remain the gatekeepers of sexual consent and young men test its boundaries.
Short‐term effects of experimental goose grazing and warming differ in three low‐Arctic coastal wetland plant communities
Authors: Choi Ryan T. , Petit Bon Matteo , Leffler A. Joshua , Kelsey Katharine C. , Welker Jeffrey M. , Beard Karen H.
Published: June 2022

Question

Understanding the sensitivity and magnitude of plant community responses in tundra wetlands to herbivory and warming is pressing as these ecosystems are increasingly threatened by changes in grazing pressure and higher temperatures. Here, we ask to what extent different low‐Arctic coastal wetland plant communities are affected by short‐term goose grazing and warming, and whether these communities differ in their responses.

Location

Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska.

Methods

We conducted an experiment where we simulated goose grazing by clipping the vegetation and summer warming by using open‐top chambers in three plant communities along a 6‐km coastal–inland gradient. We assessed plant community compositional changes following two years of treatments.

Results

Grazing had stronger effects than warming on both plant functional group and species composition. Overall, grazing decreased the abundance of grasses and sedges and increased the abundance of forbs, whereas warming only caused a decrease in forb abundance. However, plant communities and functional groups, both within and across communities, varied widely in their responses to treatments. Grazing decreased grass abundance (−25%) and increased forb abundance (+44%) in the two more coastal communities, and reduced sedge abundance (−22%) only in the most inland community. Warming only decreased forb abundance (−18%) in the most coastal community, which overall was the most responsive to treatments.

Conclusions

We show that short‐term goose grazing predominates over short‐term summer warming in eliciting compositional changes in three different low‐Arctic coastal wetland plant communities. Yet, responses varied among communities and the same functional groups could respond differently across them, highlighting the importance of investigating the effects of biotic and abiotic drivers in different contexts. By showing that tundra wetland plant communities can differ in their immediate sensitivity to goose grazing and, though to a lesser extent, warming, our findings have implications for the functioning of these rapidly changing high‐latitude ecosystems.
Photodynamic therapy and combinatory treatments for the control of biofilm-associated infections
Authors: Ribeiro M. , Gomes I.B. , Saavedra M.J. , Simões M.
Published: June 2022

The advent of antimicrobial resistance has added considerable impact to infectious diseases both in the number of infections and healthcare costs. Furthermore, the relentless emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, particularly in the biofilm state, has made mandatory the discovery of new alternative antimicrobial therapies that are capable to eradicate resistant bacteria and impair the development of new forms of resistance. Amongst the therapeutic strategies for treating biofilms, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has shown great potential in inactivating several clinically relevant micro-organisms, including antibiotic-resistant ‘priority bacteria’ declared by the WHO as critical pathogens. Its antimicrobial effect is centred on the basis that harmless low-intensity light stimulates a non-toxic dye named photosensitizer, triggering the production of reactive oxygen species upon photostimulation. In addition, combination therapies of aPDT with other antimicrobial agents (e.g. antibiotics) have also drawn considerable attention, as it is a multi-target strategy. Therefore, the present review highlights the recent advances of aPDT against biofilms, also covering progress on combination therapy.
Endothelial cell membrane cholesterol content regulates the contribution of TRPV4 channels in ACh‐induced vasodilation in rat gracilis arteries
Authors: Morin Emily E. , Salbato Sophia , Walker Benjimen R. , Naik Jay S.
Published: June 2022

Objective

Our previous work demonstrated that endothelial cell (EC) membrane cholesterol is reduced following 48 h of chronic hypoxia (CH). CH couples endothelial transient receptor potential subfamily V member 4 (TRPV4) channels to muscarinic receptor signaling through an endothelium‐dependent hyperpolarization (EDH) pathway does not present in control animals. TRVPV4 channel activity has been shown to be regulated by membrane cholesterol. Hence, we hypothesize that acute manipulation of endothelial cell membrane cholesterol inversely determines the contribution of TRPV4 channels to endothelium‐dependent vasodilation.

Methods

Male Sprague–Dawley rats were exposed to ambient atmospheric (atm.) pressure or 48‐h of hypoxia (0.5 atm). Vasodilation to acetylcholine (ACh) was determined using pressure myography in gracilis arteries. EC membrane cholesterol was depleted using methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (MβCD) and supplemented with MβCD‐cholesterol.

Results

Inhibiting TRPV4 did not affect ACh‐induced vasodilation in normoxic controls. However, TRPV4 inhibition reduced resting diameter in control arteries suggesting basal activity. TRPV4 contributes to ACh‐induced vasodilation in these arteries when EC membrane cholesterol is depleted. Inhibiting TRPV4 attenuated ACh‐induced vasodilation in arteries from CH animals that exhibit lower EC membrane cholesterol than normoxic controls. EC cholesterol repletion in arteries from CH animals abolished the contribution of TRPV4 to ACh‐induced vasodilation.

Conclusion

Endothelial cell membrane cholesterol impedes the contribution of TRPV4 channels in EDH‐mediated dilation. These results provide additional evidence for the importance of plasma membrane cholesterol content in regulating intracellular signaling and vascular function.
Effect of the snake venom component crotamine on lymphatic endothelial cell responses and lymph transport
Authors: Si Hongjiang , Yin Chunhiu , Wang Wei , Davies Peter , Sanchez Elda , Suntravat Montamas , Zawieja David , Cromer Walter
Published: June 2022

Objective

The pathology of snake envenomation is closely tied to the severity of edema in the tissue surrounding the area of the bite. Elucidating the mechanisms that promote the development of such severe edema is critical to a better understanding of how to treat this life‐threatening injury. We focused on one of the most abundant venom components in North American viper venom, crotamine, and the effects it has on the cells and function of the lymphatic system.

Methods

We used RT‐PCR to identify the location and relative abundance of crotamine's cellular targets (Kvα channels) within the tissues and cells of the lymphatic system. We used calcium flux, nitrate production, and cell morphometry to determine the effects of crotamine on lymphatic endothelial cells. We used tracer transport, node morphometry, and node deposition to determine the effects of crotamine on lymph transport in vivo.

Results

We found that genes that encode targets of crotamine are highly present in lymphatic tissues and cells and that there is a differential distribution of those genes that correlates with phasic contractile activity. We found that crotamine potentiates calcium flux in human dermal lymphatic endothelial cells in response to stimulation with histamine and sheer stress (but not alone) and that it alters the production of nitric oxide in response to shear as well as changes the level of F‐actin polymerization of those same cells. Crotamine alters lymphatic transport of large molecular weight tracers to local lymph nodes and is deposited within the node mostly in the immediate subcapsular region.

Conclusion

This evidence suggests that snake venom components may have an impact on the function of the lymphatic system. This needs to be studied in greater detail as there are numerous venom components that may have effects on aspects of the lymphatic system. This would not only provide basic information on the pathobiology of snakebite but also provide targets for improved therapeutics to treat snakebite.
Craniofacial microsomia – more than a structural malformation
Authors: Kuu‐Karkku Louhi , Suominen Auli , Svedström‐Oristo Anna‐Liisa
Published: June 2022

Objectives

To analyse the prevalence and distribution of craniofacial microsomia (CFM) cases in Finland and their most frequent comorbidities. The second aim was to analyse the patients' need for specialized healthcare services.

Materials and methods

Data were gathered from two complementary registers: The Register of Congenital Malformations and the Care Register for Social Welfare and Health Care (Hilmo) of the Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL).

Results

The prevalence of CFM patients in Finland was 1:10 057. They were evenly distributed across the five university hospital districts. Their most frequently used ICD‐10 diagnosis codes were F40‐48 (Neurotic, stress‐related and somatoform disorders), 60% of patients in adolescent and adult psychiatry; Q67.0 (Facial asymmetry), 43% in plastic surgery; Z00.4 (General psychiatric examination, not elsewhere classified), 31% in child psychiatry; Z31.5 (Genetic counselling), 28% in clinical genetics and Q67.40 (Other congenital deformities of the skull, face and jaw, Hemifacial atrophy), 18% in dental, oral and maxillofacial diseases. Of the patients, 70% had had visits in clinical genetics, 60% in plastic surgery, 41% in dental, oral and maxillofacial diseases, 28% in adolescent/adult psychiatry and 21% in child psychiatry. The majority of the patients' plastic surgery visits were concentrated in one university hospital. Other services were mainly provided by patients' own hospital districts.

Conclusions

Even though the majority of CFM patients' visits in specialized healthcare services are related to correction of facial asymmetry and ear malformations, the obvious need for psychiatric care was apparent in all age groups.
The utility of laboratory testing for pediatric patients undergoing isotretinoin treatment
Authors: Parthasarathy Varsha , Shah Nidhi , Kirkorian Anna Yasmine
Published: June 2022

Isotretinoin, the most effective treatment for severe cystic acne, involves laboratory monitoring. In this retrospective case series of 130 pediatric patients taking isotretinoin, there were significant increases in cholesterol (143.9 mg/dl to 155.3 mg/dl), triglycerides (81.8 mg/dl to 115.2 mg/dl), and low‐density lipoprotein (82.0 mg/dl to 98.1 mg/dl), and a decrease in high‐density lipoprotein (50.0 mg/dl to 44.7 mg/dl) from baseline to follow‐up (p < .05); there were no significant changes in liver enzymes. None of the patients had clinical sequelae (triglyceride‐induced pancreatitis, retinoid‐induced hepatotoxicity) related to their abnormal lab values. These findings question the utility of laboratory monitoring for prevention of severe clinical sequelae in pediatric patients, and suggest testing based on individualized risk factors may be more appropriate.
Auricular leishmaniasis in a child successfully treated with intralesional amphotericin B
Authors: Diociaiuti Andrea , Giancristoforo Simona , Calò Carducci Francesca Ippolita , Bracaglia Claudia , Boni Alessandra , Pane Stefania , Onetti Muda Andrea , De Benedetti Fabrizio , Putignani Lorenza , El Hachem May
Published: June 2022

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is the most frequent form of leishmaniasis. The auricle is an extremely rare site for CL in the Old World. Auricular CL may be mistaken for other entities, such as relapsing polychondritis (RP). Here we report a pediatric case of Old World auricular CL mimicking RP in a child successfully treated with intralesional liposomal amphotericin B.
The comparison of three different acute kidney injury classification systems after congenital heart surgery
Authors: Ozcanoglu Hatice Dilek , Öztürk Erkut , Tanıdır İbrahim Cansaran , Şahin Gulhan Tunca , Ozalp Serife , Yıldız Okan , Özcan Funda Gümüş , Hatemi Alican
Published: June 2022

Background

We aimed to compare the frequency of acute kidney injury (AKI) and its effects on mortality and morbidity with different classification systems in pediatric patients who had surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass for congenital heart disease.

Methods

This study included children younger than 18 years old who were followed up in the pediatric cardiac intensive care unit between September 1 and December 1, 2020, after congenital heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Each case was categorized postoperatively in terms of AKI using Pediatric‐Modified Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, and End‐Stage (pRIFLE), Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN), and Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). Hospital mortality (developed within the first 30 days postoperatively) and morbidity (longer than 7 days intensive care unit stay) were compared by three model classes. Results were evaluated statistically.

Results

One hundred patients were included in the study. The median age was 3 months (1 day‐180 months). Acute kidney injury was diagnosed in 49% of the cases according to the pRIFLE classification. It was diagnosed in 31% of the patients by AKIN classification. It was diagnosed in 41% of the patients with the KDIGO criteria. Morbidity was observed in 25% (n = 25) of all cases. The morbidity predictor was 0.800 for pRIFLE, 0.747 for AKIN and 0.853 for KDIGO by receiver operating characteristics analysis. All three categories predicted morbidity significantly (P < 0.001). Mortality was 10% (n = 10) for all groups. The mortality predictor was 0.783 for pRIFLE, 0.717 for AKIN and 0.794 for KDIGO by receiver operating characteristics analysis, and all three categories predicted mortality significantly (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Regardless of the three methods used, AKI was commonly detected in pediatric patients undergoing congenital heart surgery. pRIFLE classification diagnosed more patients with AKI than AKIN and KDIGO. The KDIGO and pRIFLE classifications were better in predicting hospital mortality.
Chromatin openness of donor cells is directly correlated with the in vitro developmental capabilities of cloned buffalo embryos
Authors: Ren Xuan , She Chun , Huang Shihai , Yang Ting , Tong Yi , Yuan Xi , Shi Deshun , Li Xiangping
Published: June 2022

The Switch/sucrose nonfermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodelling complex is closely related to chromatin openness and gene transcriptional activity. To understand if the chromatin openness of donor cells was related to the development efficiency of somatic cell cloning embryos, two buffalo fetal fibroblasts (BFF), BFF1 and BFF3, with significantly different cloned blastocyst development rates (18.4% and 30.9% respectively), were selected in this study. The expression of SWI/SNF complex genes, chromatin openness, and transcript level of these two cell lines were analysed, and the effect of ATP on the expression of the SWI/SNF complex genes was further explored. The results showed that compared with BFF1, the expression of SWI/SNF complex family genes was higher in BFF3 at the G0/G1 phase, where SMARCC1, SMARCC2 and SMARCE1 were significantly different (p < .05). Assay of Transposase Accessible Chromatin sequencing (ATAC‐seq) results showed that, at the genome‐wide level, BFF3 had more open chromatin, especially which having more open chromatin peaks at SMARCA4, SMARCA2, and RBPMS2 (RNA Binding Protein, mRNA Processing Factor 2) sites. In total, 2,712 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by the RNA‐Seq method, with 1380 up‐ and 1332 down‐regulated genes in BFF3. Interestingly, the ATPase‐related genes ATP1B1 and ATP11A were extreme significantly up‐regulated in BFF3 (p < .01). The ATP content and the expression of SWI/SNF complex genes in both BFF1 and BFF3 decreased when treated with rotenone. The above results demonstrated that the SWI/SNF complex contributed to chromatin opening, and chromatin opening of donor cells was essential for cloned embryo development.
Between technocracy and politics: How financial stability committees shape precautionary interventions in real estate markets
Authors: Thiemann Matthias , Stellinga Bart
Published: June 2022

Implementing precautionary measures that have obvious distributional consequences today but often only invisible future benefits is politically difficult. It requires that policymakers reconcile technocratic expertise with political consent. This paper traces attempts to enact such measures, focusing on countercyclical policies to limit the systemic risks of housing booms as proposed by financial stability committees in Germany, France, and the Netherlands from 2015 onwards. These committees bring together technocrats and political authorities in order to overcome the inaction bias inherent to these measures, seeking to forge both epistemic and political consensus on the need for action. We find that the work of these committees is characterized by lengthy processes of consensus‐building, during which technocrats amass evidence and search for politically acceptable solutions. We argue that whether this leads to meaningful steps crucially depends on the committee's institutional set‐up. What particularly matters is its capacity to engage the Ministry of Finance in binding discussions and the governance arrangements for the activation of precautionary instruments, which shape whether a shared framing of the problem and appropriate response emerges.
Producing ratio measures of effect with quantitative microbial risk assessment
Authors: Capone Drew , Bivins Aaron , Brown Joe
Published: June 2022

Estimating the risk of infections or other outcomes incident to pathogen exposure is a primary goal of quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA). Such estimates are useful to predict population‐level risks, to evaluate exposures based on normative or tolerable risk guidelines, and to interpret the likely public health relevance of microbial measurements in environmental media. To evaluate alternative control measures (interventions), ratio estimates of effect (e.g., odds and risk ratios) are needed that are more broadly interpretable in the health sciences and consistent with convention in epidemiology. In this paper, we propose a general method for estimating widely used ratio measures of effect derived from stochastic QMRA approaches, including the generation of appropriate confidence intervals. Such QMRA‐derived ratios can be used as a basis for evaluating interventions via hypothesis testing and for inclusion in systematic reviews and meta‐analyses in a form consistent with risk estimation approaches commonly used in epidemiology.
Assessing social vulnerability and identifying spatial hotspots of flood risk to inform socially just flood management policy
Authors: Chakraborty Liton , Thistlethwaite Jason , Scott Daniel , Henstra Daniel , Minano Andrea , Rus Horatiu
Published: June 2022

This study presents the first nationwide spatial assessment of flood risk to identify social vulnerability and flood exposure hotspots that support policies aimed at protecting high‐risk populations and geographical regions of Canada. The study used a national‐scale flood hazard dataset (pluvial, fluvial, and coastal) to estimate a 1‐in‐100‐year flood exposure of all residential properties across 5721 census tracts. Residential flood exposure data were spatially integrated with a census‐based multidimensional social vulnerability index (SoVI) that included demographic, racial/ethnic, and socioeconomic indicators influencing vulnerability. Using Bivariate Local Indicators of Spatial Association (BiLISA) cluster maps, the study identified geographic concentration of flood risk hotspots where high vulnerability coincided with high flood exposure. The results revealed considerable spatial variations in tract‐level social vulnerability and flood exposure. Flood risk hotspots belonged to 410 census tracts, 21 census metropolitan areas, and eight provinces comprising about 1.7 million of the total population and 51% of half‐a‐million residential properties in Canada. Results identify populations and the geographic regions near the core and dense urban areas predominantly occupying those hotspots. Recognizing priority locations is critically important for government interventions and risk mitigation initiatives considering socio‐physical aspects of vulnerability to flooding. Findings reinforce a better understanding of geographic flood‐disadvantaged neighborhoods across Canada, where interventions are required to target preparedness, response, and recovery resources that foster socially just flood management strategies.
Heterogeneous effects of nontariff measures on cross‐border investments: Bilateral firm‐level analysis
Authors: Adarov Amat , Ghodsi Mahdi
Published: June 2022

We analyze the heterogeneous effects of technical regulations and safety standards embodied in nontariff measures on foreign direct investment using global firm‐level panel data of bilateral cross‐border ownership relationships over the period 2008–2018. We develop a novel measure of time‐varying bilateral ad valorem equivalents of sectoral nontariff measures, which reveals that technical barriers to trade (TBTs) played a much greater role as a trade‐inhibiting factor in comparison with import tariffs and sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures over the period 1996–2018. Estimations using the Poisson pseudo‐maximum likelihood framework reveal the importance of nontariff measures as a driver of foreign direct investment.
Sitting patterns in cardiovascular disease patients compared with healthy controls and impact of cardiac rehabilitation
Authors: ten Broeke Pam , van Bakel Bram M. A. , Bakker Esmée A. , Beckers Debby G. J. , Geurts Sabine A. E. , Thijssen Dick H. J. , Eijsvogels Thijs M. H. , Bijleveld Erik
Published: June 2022

Purpose

To identify how and when to intervene in cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients' sedentary behavior, we moved beyond studying total volume of sitting and examined sitting patterns. By analyzing the timing of stand‐to‐sit and sit‐to‐stand transitions, we compared sitting patterns (a) between CVD patients and healthy controls, and (b) before and after cardiac rehabilitation (CR).

Methods

One hundered twenty nine CVD patients and 117 age‐matched healthy controls continuously wore a tri‐axial thigh‐worn accelerometer for 8 days (>120 000 posture transitions). CVD patients additionally wore the accelerometer directly and 2 months after CR.

Results

With later time of the day, both CVD patients and healthy controls sat down sooner (i.e., shorter standing episode before sitting down; HR = 1.01, 95% CI [1.011, 1.015]) and remained seated longer (HR = 0.97, CI [0.966, 0.970]). After more previous physical activity, both groups sat down later (HR = 0.97, CI [0.959, 0.977]), and patients remained seated longer (HR = 0.96; CI [0.950, 0.974]). Immediately and 2‐months following CR, patients sat down later (HRpost‐CR = 0.96, CI [0.945, 0.974]; HRfollow‐up = 0.96, CI [0.948, 0.977]) and stood up sooner (HRpost‐CR = 1.04, CI [1.020, 1.051]; HRfollow‐up = 1.03, CI [1.018, 1.050]). These effects were less pronounced with older age, higher BMI, lower sedentary behavior levels, and/or higher physical activity levels at baseline.

Conclusion

Cardiac rehabilitation programs could be optimized by targeting CVD patients' sit‐to‐stand transitions, by focusing on high‐risk moments for prolonged sitting (i.e., in evenings and after higher‐than‐usual physical activity) and attending to the needs of specific patient subgroups.
OsIRO3 negatively regulates Fe homeostasis by repressing the expression of OsIRO2
Authors: Li Chenyang , Li Yang , Xu Peng , Liang Gang
Published: June 2022

Iron (Fe) is crucial for crop productivity and quality. However, Fe deficiency is prevalent worldwide, particularly in alkaline soil. Plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to withstand Fe‐deficient conditions. Oryza sativa IRON‐RELATED BHLH TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 3 (OsIRO3/OsbHLH63) has been identified as a negative regulator of Fe deficiency response signaling; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, we constructed two iro3 mutants, which developed leaves with necrotic lesions under Fe‐deficient conditions. Loss‐of‐function of OsIRO3 caused upregulation of Fe deficiency‐associated genes in the root. Fe concentration measurements showed that the iro3 mutants had increased shoot Fe concentration only under Fe‐deficient conditions. Further analysis revealed that OsIRO3 directly regulated the expression of IRON‐RELATED BHLH TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 2 (OsIRO2), which encodes a positive regulator of the Fe uptake system. Further investigation demonstrated that OsIRO3 interacted with POSITIVE REGULATOR OF IRON HOMEOSTASIS 1(OsPRI1) and OsPRI2, and. OsIRO3 repressed their transcription activation towards OsIRO2. OsIRO3 contains an EAR motif, which recruits the TOPLESS/TOPLESS‐RELATED (OsTPL/OsTPRs) corepressors. Mutation of the EAR motif attenuated the repression ability of OsIRO3. This work sheds light on the molecular mechanism by which OsIRO3 modulates Fe homeostasis in rice.
Psychological and Social Needs: Athletes’ and Mental Performance Consultants’ Perspectives on a Gap in Concussion Protocols
Authors: Seguin Cassandra M. , Culver Diane M.
Published: June 2022

While research advancements have substantially improved concussion management efforts, consideration for the psychological and social aspects of concussive injuries have remained largely absent from concussion protocols. The present study was undertaken to identify elite athletes’ psychological and social needs during the recovery process. Elite athletes with a history of concussion and mental performance consultants who work with concussed elite athletes participated in focus group interviews to shed light on these needs. A thematic analysis of these focus groups revealed six psychological and social needs: acceptance, normality, confidence, self-efficacy, trust in relationships, and social support. These themes are framed within concussion literature to help initiate a conversation on how psychological and social needs should be addressed as part of multifaceted efforts to improve concussion recovery.
The Influence of Affective Priming on the Affective Response During Exercise: A Replication Study
Authors: Timme Sinika , Hutchinson Jasmin , Regorius Anton , Brand Ralf
Published: June 2022

The affective response during exercise is an important factor for long-term exercise adherence. Pottratz et al. suggested affective priming as a behavioral intervention for the enhancement of exercise-related affect. The present paper aims to replicate and extend upon these findings. We conducted a close replication with 53 participants completing a brisk walking task in two conditions (prime vs. no prime). Affective valence was assessed during exercise, and exercise enjoyment and remembered/forecasted pleasure were assessed postexercise. We could not replicate the findings of Pottratz et al., finding no evidence for positive changes in psychological responses in the priming condition. However, linear mixed models demonstrated significant interindividual differences in how participants responded to priming. These results demonstrate that affective priming during exercise does not work for everyone under every circumstance and, thus, provide an important contribution to the understanding of boundary conditions and moderating factors for priming in exercise psychology.
Nonconservative unimodular gravity: a viable cosmological scenario?
Authors: Fabris Júlio C. , Alvarenga Marcelo H. , Hamani-Daouda Mahamadou , Velten Hermano
Published: June 2022

In this work we review the issue of imposing the conservation of the energy–momentum tensor as a necessary condition to recover the equivalence between the unimodular gravity and General Relativity (GR) equipped with a cosmological constant. This procedure is usually interpreted as an ad hoc imposition on the unimodular theory’s structure. Whereas the consequences of avoiding the conservation of the total energy–momentum tensor has been already introduced in the literature, it has been not widely explored so far. We study an expanding universe sourced by a single effective perfect fluid such that the null divergence of its energy–momentum tensor is not imposed. As we shall show, in this scheme, the unimodular theory has its own conservation equation obtained from the Bianchi identities. We explore the evolution of the homogeneous and isotropic expanding background and show that a viable cosmological scenario exists. Also, we consider scalar perturbations with particular attention given to the gauge issue. We show that contrary to the traditional unimodular theory where the synchronous and longitudinal (newtonian) gauge for cosmological perturbations are not permitted, if the conservation of the energy–momentum is relaxed the scalar perturbations in the synchronous condition survive and present a growing mode behavior. We study therefore a new cosmological scenario in which the dynamics of the universe transits from the radiative phase directly to a accelerated one but allowing thus for structure formation.
“Go[ing] Hard...as a Woman of Color”: A Case Study Examining Identity Work within a Performative Dance and Computing Learning Environment
Authors: Desportes Kayla , McDermott Kathleen , Bergner Yoav , Payne William
Published: June 2022

Performing arts computing environments have received little attention in the educational sphere; yet, they offer opportunities for learners to validate their efforts, ideas, and skills through showcasing their work in a public-facing performance. In this work, we explore an out-of-school dance and computing educational program run by the organization, STEM From Dance. The organizational mission is to create an equitable learning experience for young women of color to engage with computing while exposing them to STEM careers. Through an analysis of eleven interviews with youth participants, instructors, and the executive director, we examine how the social, cultural, and political dimensions of the learning environment facilitate identity work in computing and dance. Our findings point to three primary activities used by the organization to promote equity: (1) providing psychological safety through a supportive community environment, (2) meaningfully engaging with learners’ social and cultural context through creative work with constructionist artifacts, and (3) actively promoting identity work as women of color in computing and STEM through both artifact work and community events. Applying the constructs of identity and psychological safety we explore the tensions and synergies of designing for equity in this performing arts and computing learning environment. We demonstrate how the seemingly contradictory elements of a high-stakes performance within a novice learning environment provides unique opportunities for supporting young women of color in computing, making them non-negotiable in the organization’s efforts to promote equity and inclusion. Our work illustrates how attending closely to the sociocultural dimensions in a constructionist learning environment provides lenses for navigating equity, identity work, and support for inclusive computing.
Knowledge Base Embedding for Sampling-Based Prediction
Authors: Zhang Richong , Kim Jaein , Mei Jiajie , Mao Yongyi
Published: June 2022

Each link prediction task requires different degrees of answer diversity. While a link prediction task may expect up to a couple of answers, another may expect nearly a hundred answers. Given this fact, the performance of a link prediction model can be estimated more accurately if a flexible number of obtained answers are estimated instead of a predefined number of answers. Inspired by this, in this article, we analyze two evaluation criteria for link prediction tasks, respectively ranking-based protocol and sampling-based protocol. Furthermore, we study two classes of models on link prediction task, direct model and latent-variable model respectively, to demonstrate that latent-variable model performs better under the sampling-based protocol. We then propose a latent-variable model where the framework of Conditional Variational AutoEncoder (CVAE) is applied. Experimental study suggests that the proposed model performs comparably to the current state-of-the-art even under the conventional rank-based protocol. Under the sampling-based protocol, the proposed model is shown to outperform various state-of-the-art models.
Provenance-based Intrusion Detection Systems: A Survey
Authors: Zipperle Michael , Gottwalt Florian , Chang Elizabeth , Dillon Tharam
Published: June 2022

Traditional
Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS)
cannot cope with the increasing number and sophistication of cyberattacks such as
Advanced Persistent Threats (APT)
. Due to their high false-positive rate and the required effort of security experts to validate them, incidents can remain undetected for up to several months. As a result, enterprises suffer from data loss and severe financial damage. Recent research explored data provenance for
Host-based Intrusion Detection Systems (HIDS)
as one promising data source to tackle this issue. Data provenance represents information flows between system entities as
Direct Acyclic Graph (DAG)
.
Provenance-based Intrusion Detection Systems (PIDS)
utilize data provenance to enhance the detection performance of intrusions and reduce false-alarm rates compared to traditional IDS. This survey demonstrates the potential of PIDS by providing a detailed evaluation of recent research in the field, proposing a novel taxonomy for PIDS, discussing current issues, and potential future research directions. This survey aims to help and motivate researchers to get started in the field of PIDS by tackling issues of data collection, graph summarization, intrusion detection, and developing real-world benchmark datasets.
Annotation Projection-based Dependency Parser Development for Nepali
Authors: Rai Pooja , Chatterji Sanjay
Published: June 2022

Building computational resources and tools for the under-resourced languages is strenuous for any Natural Language Processing task. This article presents the first dependency parser for an under-resourced Indian language, Nepali. A prerequisite for developing a parser for a language is a corpus annotated with the desired linguistic representations known as a treebank. With an aim of cross-lingual learning and typological research, we use a Bengali treebank to build a Bengali-Nepali parallel corpus and apply the method of annotation projection from the Bengali treebank to build a treebank for Nepali. With the developed treebank, MaltParser (with all algorithms for projective dependency structures) and a Neural network-based parser have been used to build Nepali parser models. The Neural network-based parser produced state-of-the-art results with 81.2 Unlabeled Attachment Score, 73.2 Label Accuracy, and 66.1 Labeled Attachment Score on the gold test data. The parser models have also been evaluated with the predicted Part-of-speech (POS)-tagged test data. A statistical POS tagger using Conditional Random Field has been developed for predicting the POS tags of the test data.
Code and Data Synthesis for Genetic Improvement in Emergent Software Systems
Authors: Rainford Penny Faulkner , Porter Barry
Published: June 2022

Emergent software systems are assembled from a collection of small code blocks, where some of those blocks have alternative implementation variants; they optimise at run-time by learning which compositions of alternative blocks best suit each deployment environment encountered.

In this paper we study the
automated
synthesis of new implementation variants for a running system using
genetic improvement (GI)
. Typical GI approaches, however, rely on large amounts of data for accurate training and large code bases from which to source genetic material. In emergent systems we have neither asset, with sparsely sampled runtime data and small code volumes in each building block.

We therefore examine two approaches to more effective GI under these constraints: the synthesis of
data
from sparse samples to construct statistically representative larger training corpora; and the synthesis of
code
to counter the relative lack of genetic material in our starting population members.

Our results demonstrate that a mixture of synthesised and existing code is a viable optimisation strategy, and that phases of increased synthesis can make GI more robust to deleterious mutations. On synthesised data, we find that we can produce equivalent optimisation compared to GI methods using larger data sets, and that this optimisation can produce both useful specialists and generalists.
SCVS: On AI and Edge Clouds Enabled Privacy-preserved Smart-city Video Surveillance Services
Authors: Myneni Sowmya , Agrawal Garima , Deng Yuli , Chowdhary Ankur , Vadnere Neha , Huang Dijiang
Published: June 2022

Video surveillance systems are increasingly becoming common in many private and public campuses, city buildings, and facilities. They provide many useful smart campus/city monitoring and management services based on data captured from video sensors. However, the video surveillance services may also breach personally identifiable information, especially human face images being monitored; therefore, it may potentially violate the privacy of human subjects involved. To address this privacy issue, we introduced a large-scale distributed video surveillance service model, called Smart-city Video Surveillance (SCVS). SCVS is a video surveillance data collection and processing platform to identify important events, monitor, protect, and make decisions for smart campus/city applications. In this article, the specific research focus is on how to identify and anonymize human faces in a distributed edge cloud computing infrastructure.

To preserve the privacy of data during video anonymization, SCVS utilizes a two-step approach: (i) parameter server-based distributed machine learning solution, which ensures that edge nodes can exchange parameters for machine learning-based training. Since the dataset is not located on a centralized location, the data privacy and ownership are protected and preserved. (ii) To improve the machine learning model’s accuracy, we presented an asynchronous training approach to protect data and model privacy for both data owners and data users, respectively. SCVS adopts an in-memory encryption approach, where edge computing nodes collect and process data in the memory of edge nodes in encrypted form. This approach can effectively prevent honest but curious attacks. The performance evaluation shows the presented privacy protection platform is efficient and effective compared to traditional centralized computing models as presented in Section 
5
.
Affective Robots Need Therapy
Authors: Bucci Paul , Marino David , Beschastnikh Ivan
Published: June 2022

Emotion researchers have begun to converge on the theory that emotions are psychologically and socially constructed. A common assumption in affective robotics is that emotions are categorical brain-body states that can be confidently modeled. But if emotions are constructed, then they are interpretive, ambiguous, and specific to an individual’s unique experience. Constructivist views of emotion pose several challenges to affective robotics: first, it calls into question the validity of attempting to obtain objective measures of emotion through rating scales or biometrics. Second, ambiguous subjective data poses a challenge to computational systems that need structured and definite data to operate. How can a constructivist view of emotion be rectified with these challenges?

In this article, we look to psychotherapy for ontological, epistemic, and methodological guidance. These fields (1) already understand emotions to be intrinsically embodied, relative, and metaphorical and (2) have built up substantial knowledge informed by everyday practice. It is our hope that by using interpretive methods inspired by therapeutic approaches, HRI researchers will be able to focus on the practicalities of designing effective embodied emotional interactions.
Heterogeneous Energy-aware Load Balancing for Industry 4.0 and IoT Environments
Authors: Ahmed Usman , Lin Jerry Chun-Wei , Srivastava Gautam
Published: June 2022

With the improvement of global infrastructure,
Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS)
have become an important component of Industry 4.0. Both the application as well as the machine work together to improve the task of interdependencies. Machine learning methods in CPS require the monitoring of computational algorithms, including adopting optimizations, fine-tuning cyber systems, improving resource utilization, as well as reducing vulnerability and also computation time. By leveraging the tremendous parallelism provided by
General-Purpose Graphics Processing Units (GPGPU)
as well as OpenCL, it is possible to dramatically reduce the execution time of data-parallel programs. However, when running an application with tiny amounts of data on a GPU, GPU resources are wasted because the program may not be able to fully utilize the GPU cores. This is because there is no mechanism for kernels to share a GPU due to the lack of OS support for GPUs. Optimal device selection is required to reduce the high power of the GPU. In this paper, we propose an energy reduction method for heterogeneous clustering. This study focuses on load balancing; resource-aware processor selection based on machine learning is performed using code features. The proposed method identifies energy-efficient kernel candidates (from the employment pool). Then, it selects a pair of kernel candidates from all possibilities that lead to a reduction in both energy consumption as well as execution time. Experimental results show that the proposed kernel approach reduces execution time by 2.23 times compared to a baseline scheduling system. Experiments have also shown that the execution time is 1.2 times faster than state-of-the-art approaches.
Green Development and Self-Service Payment System of Intelligent Pet Public Toilet Based on Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Wang Baojun , Wang Shengquan , Gong Shihao , Lyu Xinru , Zhang Xinyue
Published: June 2022

Controversy about pets such as dogs is also growing, and the public health controversy is the most obvious. In order to solve the public health problem of pets outdoors, meet the needs of pet family pets for outdoor hygiene, and make up for the lack of smart pet public toilets in the market and with the development of artificial intelligence technology, the authors propose that “pet toilets” have been put into use in many cities and the emergence of this new thing is mainly aimed at the substantial increase in the number of pets such as dogs in cities, hoping to better solve the problem of pet dogs urinating in public places in the community and provide a more convenient dog service measure for urban residents. Through a questionnaire survey of 100 random volunteers, it was found that 69 people believed that pet toilets were very necessary for society; therefore, from the perspective of artificial intelligence, the development of smart pet toilets and self-service payment systems has been focused on.