bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potential curves of the lower nine states of Li2 molecule: Accurate calculations with the free complement theory and the comparisons with the SAC/SAC-CI results
Authors: Nakatsuji Hiroshi , Nakashima Hiroyuki
Published: August 2022

The free-complement (FC) theory proposed for solving the Schrödinger equation of atoms and molecules highly accurately was applied to the calculations of the potential curves of the lower nine states of the Li2 molecule. The results were compared with the accurate experimental Rydberg–Klein–Rees potential curves available. They overlap completely with each other without any shift everywhere for all the states of Li2. At all the calculated points on the seven potential curves ranging between −14.83 and −15.00 hartree, the average difference was only 0.0583 kcal/mol and the maximum difference was only +0.165 kcal/mol. For the vertical excitation energies from the ground state curve to the seven excited states, the differences between theory and experiment were 0.000 645 eV in average and their maximum difference was −0.007 20 eV. The potential properties calculated with the FC theory also agreed well with the experimental values. These results show a high potentiality of the FC theory as a highly predictive quantum chemistry theory. For comparison, as an example of the Hartree–Fock based theory popular in modern quantum chemistry, we adopted the symmetry-adapted-cluster (SAC)-configuration-interaction (CI) theory using a highly flexible basis set. While the FC theory gave the absolute agreements with experiments, the SAC-CI potential curves compare reasonably well with experiments only after shifting-down of the SAC-CI curves by 5.727 kcal/mol. The differences in the excitation energies between SAC-CI and experiments were 0.004 28 eV on average, and the maximum difference was +0.109 67 eV. The SAC-CI results reported in 1985 were less accurate but still reasonable.
Local collective dynamics at equilibrium BCC crystal–melt interfaces
Authors: Zhang Xin , Lu Wenliang , Liang Zun , Wang Yashen , Lv Songtai , Liang Hongtao , Laird Brian B. , Yang Yang
Published: August 2022

We present a classical molecular-dynamics study of the collective dynamical properties of the coexisting liquid phase at equilibrium body-centered cubic (BCC) Fe crystal–melt interfaces. For the three interfacial orientations (100), (110), and (111), the collective dynamics are characterized through the calculation of the intermediate scattering functions, dynamical structure factors, and density relaxation times in a sequential local region of interest. An anisotropic speedup of the collective dynamics in all three BCC crystal–melt interfacial orientations is observed. This trend differs significantly from the previously observed slowing down of the local collective dynamics at the liquid–vapor interface [del Rio and González, Acta Mater. 198, 281 (2020)]. Examining the interfacial density relaxation times, we revisit the validity of the recently developed time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau theory for the solidification crystal–melt interface kinetic coefficients, resulting in excellent agreement with both the magnitude and the kinetic anisotropy of the crystal–melt interface kinetic coefficients measured from the non-equilibrium molecular-dynamics simulations.
Hydrodynamic characteristics and wake evolution of a submarine pipe with the presence of gas leakage at a low Reynolds number of 160
Authors: Zhu Hongjun , Hu Jie , Alam Md. Mahbub , Ji Chunning , Zhou Tongming
Published: August 2022

Hydrodynamic characteristics and wake structures of a submarine gas transmission pipe with the presence of gas leakage are of significance from a scientific and practical viewpoint. In this paper, we present a numerical investigation of flow past a leaking pipe at a low Reynolds number of 160 using the Eulerian–Eulerian multi-fluid volume of fluid model. The focus is on the effects of gas buoyancy and the location of the leak hole on the wake flow structures, bubble–vortex interference, and hydrodynamic forces. The variation of drag and lift coefficients is highly associated with the evolution of gas bubbles and the interaction between the bubble-induced vortices and the shear layers. When the gas buoyancy is ignored, the alterations of the main vortex structure and hydrodynamic forces are not sensitive to the location of the leak hole. The bubble-induced vortices are encompassed by the two shear layers and quickly dissolved in the main vortices. Finally, the released gas bubbles are locked in the center of main vortices and convected downstream with them. In contrast, when the buoyancy is considered, the gas bubbles line up in the upper shear layer, strongly interfering with the formation of the upper main vortex. Each gas bubble introduces a pair of small vortices that experience complicated merging or splitting during the migration. Consequently, the upper main vortex is suppressed at θ = 90° and vanished at θ = 180° and θ = 270° (θ is measured clockwise from the forward stagnation point), leading to the negative time-averaged lift force and the same-frequency oscillation of drag and lift coefficients. Due to the upward migration of gas bubbles from both front and rear surfaces at θ = 270°, the evolution of bubble-induced vortices is more complicated and the oscillation of hydrodynamic forces is significantly enhanced in comparison with other cases.
Accurate property prediction by second order perturbation theory: The REMP and OO-REMP hybrids
Authors: Behnle Stefan , Richter Robert , Völkl Luca , Idzko Paul , Förstner André , Bozkaya Uğur , Fink Reinhold F.
Published: August 2022

The prediction of molecular properties such as equilibrium structures or vibrational wavenumbers is a routine task in computational chemistry. If very high accuracy is required, however, the use of computationally demanding ab initio wavefunction methods is mandatory. We present property calculations utilizing Retaining the Excitation Degree – Møller–Plesset (REMP) and Orbital Optimized REMP (OO-REMP) hybrid perturbation theories, showing that with the latter approach, very accurate results are obtained at second order in perturbation theory. Specifically, equilibrium structures and harmonic vibrational wavenumbers and dipole moments of closed and open shell molecules were calculated and compared to the best available experimental results or very accurate calculations. OO-REMP is capable of predicting bond lengths of small closed and open shell molecules with an accuracy of 0.2 and 0.5 pm, respectively, often within the range of experimental uncertainty. Equilibrium harmonic vibrational wavenumbers are predicted with an accuracy better than 20 cm−1. Dipole moments of small closed and open shell molecules are reproduced with a relative error of less than 3%. Across all investigated properties, it turns out that a 20%:80% Møller–Plesset:Retaining the Excitation Degree mixing ratio consistently provides the best results. This is in line with our previous findings, featuring closed and open shell reaction energies.
Scattering of Mack modes by solid-porous junctions in hypersonic boundary layers
Authors: Song Qinyang , Zhao Lei
Published: August 2022

Porous coating is regarded as an effective control strategy to delay the laminar-turbulent transition in hypersonic boundary layers, whose effects include not only the successive distortion of the Mack-mode growth rate but also the scattering effect appearing at the junctions between the solid and porous walls. The present paper focuses particularly on the latter mechanism by employing the harmonic linearized Navier–Stokes approach, which is confirmed to be sufficiently accurate as compared to the results obtained by direct numerical simulations. A transmission coefficient is introduced to quantitatively characterize the scattering effect, which is define as the ratio of the Mack-instability amplitude downstream of the junction to that upstream. For a solid-to-porous junction, the scattering effect leads to a stabilization of the majority of the second mode but destabilizes slightly the first mode. In contrast, the porous-to-solid junction plays the opposite role. The overall effect of a finite-length porous panel requires a combined consideration of the Mack-mode-growth-rate distortion and the scattering effect of the two junctions at both boundaries of the panel, which shows a critical frequency separating the destabilizing and stabilizing frequency bands. Additionally, a decrease in the wall temperature leads to an enhanced scattering effect on the Mack modes.
Hydrodynamic characteristics and wake structure of flow over a round-ended cylinder at a low Reynolds number
Authors: Zhu Hongjun , Xu Bing , Li Quanhua , Gao Yue , Zhou Tongming
Published: August 2022

Hydrodynamic characteristics and wake structures of the flow over a round-ended cylinder are invaluable for the design of associated cylindrical structures such as bridge piers and submerged floating tunnels. This paper reports the results of a numerical investigation into the flow past a round-ended cylinder and the associated hydrodynamic forces as well as the evolution of vortex structure and boundary layer separation. The effect of incidence angle α, ranging from 0° to 90°, is examined at a low Reynolds number of 100 based on the projected length. Both the drag and lift forces are sensitive to the incidence angle. When 0° < α < 90°, boundary layers asymmetrically separate from two sides of the cylinder, giving rise to a time-mean pressure difference that is not perpendicular to the incoming flow direction. There are two directly related results, one is the non-zero time-mean lift coefficient, and the other is the occurrence of a secondary frequency of drag coefficient, the same as that of lift coefficient. The most forward separation point of the upper boundary layer and the maximum size difference of vortices generated from two sides contribute to the maximum time-mean lift coefficient occurring at α = 45°. The vortex formation length is shortened with increasing α, resulting in the augment of the fluctuation amplitudes of fluid forces. The enlargement of drag force is mainly attributed to the broadened wake width with the increase in α.
Effects of the mangrove forest environment and tree species characteristics on fiddler crab communities
Authors: Theron Wilmari , Sershen  , Peer Nasreen , Rajkaran Anusha
Published: August 2022

Context South African mangrove forests consist predominantly of three tree species wherein fiddler crabs live beneath the vegetation and act as important bioengineers. Aims To examine whether, and to what extent, tree morphology and forest structure affect fiddler crab communities. Methods Various physicochemical parameters (sediment pH, organic matter and microphytobenthos) and tree characteristics (e.g. tree density, canopy cover and importance value) were related to the abundance or presence of these crabs within eight South African mangrove-dominated estuaries by using multivariate models. Key results Overall, fiddler crab abundance was driven by sediment organic matter. The abundance of Austruca occidentalis was negatively correlated with sediment organic matter (C = −0.369, P = 0.013), whereas abundance of Paraleptuca chlorophthalmus was positively correlated (C = 0.115; P = 0.008). Tubuca urvillei abundance was not affected by anything. Fiddler crab presence was largely driven by sediment organic matter for all species and pneumatophore density in A. occidentalis. Conclusions Results indicated that mangrove tree structure influences fiddler crabs indirectly at the population level, by modulating physicochemical and biological variables. Implications Understanding mangrove tree and macrobenthic fauna co-existence patterns will be essential in developing climate-responsive management strategies for these species and the systems within which they occur.
Prevalence and scalable control of localized networks
Authors: Duan Chao , Nishikawa Takashi , Motter Adilson E.
Published: August 2022

The ability to control network dynamics is essential for ensuring desirable functionality of many technological, biological, and social systems. Such systems often consist of a large number of network elements, and controlling large-scale networks remains challenging because the computation and communication requirements increase prohibitively fast with network size. Here, we introduce a notion ofnetwork localitythat can be exploited to make the control of networks scalable, even when the dynamics are nonlinear. We show that network locality is captured by an information metric and is almost universally observed across real and model networks. In localized networks, the optimal control actions and system responses are both shown to be necessarily concentrated in small neighborhoods induced by the information metric. This allows us to develop localized algorithms for determining network controllability and optimizing the placement of driver nodes. This also allows us to develop a localized algorithm for designing local feedback controllers that approach the performance of the corresponding best global controllers, while incurring a computational cost orders-of-magnitude lower. We validate the locality, performance, and efficiency of the algorithms in Kuramoto oscillator networks, as well as three large empirical networks: synchronization dynamics in the Eastern US power grid, epidemic spreading mediated by the global air-transportation network, and Alzheimer’s disease dynamics in a human brain network. Taken together, our results establish that large networks can be controlled with computation and communication costs comparable to those for small networks.
Assessing suspension and infectivity times of virus-loaded aerosols involved in airborne transmission
Authors: Merhi Tania , Atasi Omer , Coetsier Clémence , Lalanne Benjamin , Roger Kevin
Published: August 2022

Airborne transmission occurs through droplet-mediated transport of viruses following the expulsion of an aerosol by an infected host. Transmission efficiency results from the interplay between virus survival in the drying droplet and droplet suspension time in the air, controlled by the coupling between water evaporation and droplet sedimentation. Furthermore, droplets are made of a respiratory fluid and thus, display a complex composition consisting of water and nonvolatile solutes. Here, we quantify the impact of this complex composition on the different phenomena underlying transmission. Solutes lead to a nonideal thermodynamic behavior, which sets an equilibrium droplet size that is independent of relative humidity. In contrast, solutes do not significantly hinder transport due to their low initial concentration. Realistic suspension times are computed and increase with increasing relative humidity or decreasing temperature. By uncoupling drying and suspended stages, we observe that enveloped viruses may remain infectious for hours in dried droplets. However, their infectivity decreases with increasing relative humidity or temperature after dozens of minutes. Examining expelled droplet size distributions in the light of these results leads to distinguishing two aerosols. Most droplets measure between 0 and 40 µm and compose an aerosol that remains suspended for hours. Its transmission efficiency is controlled by infectivity, which decreases with increasing humidity and temperature. Larger droplets form an aerosol that only remains suspended for minutes but corresponds to a much larger volume and thus, viral load. Its transmission efficiency is controlled by droplet suspension time, which decreases with increasing humidity and decreasing temperature.
A unified strategy for the total syntheses of eribulin and a macrolactam analogue of halichondrin B
Authors: Nicolaou K. C. , Pan Saiyong , Shelke Yogesh , Rigol Stephan , Bao Ruiyang , Das Dipendu , Ye Qiuji
Published: August 2022

A unified synthetic route for the total syntheses of eribulin and a macrolactam analog of halichondrin B is described. The key to the success of the current synthetic approach includes the employment of our reverse approach for the construction of cyclic ether structural motifs and a modified intramolecular cyclization reaction between alkyl iodide and aldehyde functionalities to establish the all-carbon macrocyclic framework of eribulin. These syntheses, together with our previous work on the total syntheses of halichondrin B and norhalichondrin B, demonstrate and validate the powerful reverse approach in the construction of cyclic ether structural motifs. On the other hand, the unified synthetic strategy for the synthesis of the related macrolactam analog provides inspiration and opportunities in the halichondrin field and related polycyclic ether areas.
DeepContact: High-throughput quantification of membrane contact sites based on electron microscopy imaging
Authors: Liu Liqing , Yang Shuxin , Liu Yang , Li Xixia , Hu Junjie , Xiao Li , Xu Tao
Published: August 2022

Membrane contact site (MCS)-mediated organelle interactions play essential roles in the cell. Quantitative analysis of MCSs reveals vital clues for cellular responses under various physiological and pathological conditions. However, an efficient tool is lacking. Here, we developed DeepContact, a deep-learning protocol for optimizing organelle segmentation and contact analysis based on label-free EM. DeepContact presents high efficiency and flexibility in interactive visualizations, accommodating new morphologies of organelles and recognizing contacts in versatile width ranges, which enables statistical analysis of various types of MCSs in multiple systems. DeepContact profiled previously unidentified coordinative rearrangements of MCS types in cultured cells with combined nutritional conditions. DeepContact also unveiled a subtle wave of ER–mitochondrial entanglement in Sertoli cells during the seminiferous epithelial cycle, indicating its potential in bridging MCS dynamics to physiological and pathological processes.
Optimal sensor fusion method for active vibration isolation systems in ground-based gravitational-wave detectors
Authors: Tsang T T L , Li T G F , Dehaeze T , Collette C
Published: August 2022

Sensor fusion is a technique used to combine sensors with different noise characteristics into a super sensor that has superior noise performance. To achieve sensor fusion, complementary filters are used in current gravitational-wave detectors to combine relative displacement sensors and inertial sensors for active seismic isolation. Complementary filters are a set of digital filters, which have transfer functions that are summed to unity. Currently, complementary filters are shaped and tuned manually rather than being optimized. They can be sub-optimal and hard to reproduce for future detectors. In this paper,

H

∞

optimization is proposed for synthesizing optimal complementary filters. The complementary filter design problem is converted into an optimization problem that seeks minimization of an objective function equivalent to the maximum difference between the super sensor noise and the lower bound in logarithmic scale. The method is exemplified with three cases, which simulate the sensor fusion between a relative displacement sensor and an inertial sensor. In all cases, the

H

∞

complementary filters suppress the super sensor noise equally close to the lower bound at all frequencies in logarithmic scale. The

H

∞

filters also provide better suppression of sensor noises compared to complementary filters pre-designed using traditional methods.
An attention-based temporal convolutional network for rodent sleep stage classification across species, mutants and experimental environments with single-channel electroencephalogram
Authors: Liu Yuzheng , Yang Zhihong , You Yuyang , Shan Wenjing , Ban WeiKang
Published: August 2022

Objective. Sleep perturbation by environment, medical procedure and genetic background is under continuous study in biomedical research. Analyzing brain states in animal models such as rodents relies on categorizing electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings. Traditionally, sleep experts have classified these states by visual inspection of EEG signatures, which is laborious. The heterogeneity of sleep patterns complicates the development of a generalizable solution across different species, genotypes and experimental environments. Approach. To realize a generalizable solution, we proposed a cross-species rodent sleep scoring network called CSSleep, a robust deep-learning model based on single-channel EEG. CSSleep starts with a local time-invariant information learning convolutional neural network. The second module is the global transition rules learning temporal convolutional network (TRTCN), stacked with bidirectional attention-based temporal convolutional network modules. The TRTCN simultaneously captures positive and negative time direction information and highlights relevant in-sequence features. The dataset for model evaluation comprises the single-EEG signatures of four cohorts of 16 mice and 8 rats from three laboratories. Main results. In leave-one-cohort-out cross-validation, our model achieved an accuracy of 91.33%. CSSleep performed well on generalization across experimental environments, mutants and rodent species by using single-channel EEG. Significance. This study aims to promote well-standardized cross-laboratory sleep studies to improve our understanding of sleep. Our source codes and supplementary materials will be disclosed later.
Modified photoplethysmography signal processing and analysis procedure for obtaining reliable stiffness index reflecting arteriosclerosis severity
Authors: Wu Meng-Ting , Liu I-Fan , Tzeng Yun-Hsuan , Wang Lei
Published: August 2022

Objective. This study aimed to describe a modified photoplethysmography (PPG) signal processing and analysis procedure to obtain a more reliable arterial stiffness index (SI). Approach. Three parameters were used to assess the PPG signal quality without prominent diastolic waves, which are similar to a sinusoidal waveform shape. The first parameter, sinusoidal ratio (S-value), was based on frequency-domain analysis: a higher S-value indicated the presence of PPG pulse wave with unapparent diastolic peak. The second parameter was the time difference between systolic peak-to-diastolic peak and the systolic peak-to-dicrotic notch. The third parameter was the percentage of sin-like waveform in the PPG signals. The applicability of these parameters was demonstrated in 40 participants, including 11 with apparent diastolic peaks in the PPG signals and 29 with unapparent diastolic peaks. Main results. An S-value of >3.5 indicated apparent diastolic peaks in the PPG signals. In addition, a systolic peak-to-diastolic peak time difference >80% and a sin-like waveform >55% may be associated with severity of vascular aging. Significance. These parameters successfully detected low-quality PPG signals with unapparent diastolic waveform before SI calculation, thereby ensuring the accuracy of subsequent evaluation of cardiovascular-related disease and clinical risk stratification.
Health monitoring of high-damping viscoelastic materials using sub-resonator enriched electro-mechanical impedance signatures
Authors: Lu Runye , Shen Yanfeng , Qu Wenzhong , Xiao Li
Published: August 2022

This article presents a recent progress of the electromechanical impedance spectroscopy methodology for monitoring high-damping viscoelastic materials (solid rocket motor propellant for instance). It employs piezoelectric wafer active sensors (PWAS) with sub-resonators which can create additional resonance peaks for enriching the diagnostic information. In order to develop an in-depth understanding of the mechanism behind the sub-resonator sensor system, an analytical investigation is conducted first. The theoretical formulation treats the sub-resonator PWAS as a mass-in-mass model, which can be seamlessly merged into the traditional 1D constrained PWAS case. The analytical solution for the impedance signature of the new sub-resonator PWAS transducer is derived. Meanwhile, parametric case studies are carried out to analyze the influence of material damping and additional mass of the sub-resonators on the impedance signature. Moreover, numerical simulations are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the new sensor creating additional resonance peaks. Comparative investigations are carried out with both the conventional PWAS and the sub-resonator PWAS. EMIS damage indices based on the spectral amplitude and frequency variation features are used to quantify the material degradation. Additionally, the performance of the proposed sub-resonator PWAS is demonstrated via a material creep experiment. The article finishes with summary, concluding remarks, and suggestions for future work.
Construction and test result of an all-REBCO conduction-cooled 23.5 T magnet prototype towards a benchtop 1 GHz NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Lee Wooseung , Park Dongkeun , Bascuñán Juan , Iwasa Yukikazu
Published: August 2022

A compact benchtop high-field REBCO nuclear magnetic resonance is one of the most promising high-temperature superconductor applications. An all-REBCO, conduction-cooled magnet is a very attractive design option for demonstrating the unique potential of REBCO for forefront magnets. In this research, we have successfully constructed and tested a prototype all-REBCO, conduction-cooled, 23.5 T magnet operating at 10 K. We have applied the concept of an extreme no-insulation winding technique, coupled with a solder-shunting procedure to improve magnet performance. We have also used a temperature-controlled charging sequence to reduce the screening current. The magnet was energized to 23.6 T at 14 K; it was further operated to 25 T at 10 K for nearly 60 h.
A low-cost approach for recycling large GdBCO bulk superconductors using an infiltration technique with different liquid sources
Authors: Wang M , Wang Y N , Yang W M
Published: August 2022

The high-temperature superconductor has become a research hotspot, because of its high critical temperature, strong trapped flux density, stable suspension characteristics and large magnet levitation force. Single-domain REBa2Cu3O7−δ
(REBCO) superconductors, where RE is a rare-earth element such as Y, Gd, Sm or Nd, have wide and potential applications in high-tech fields, such as micro-magnet superconducting maglev trains, superconducting motors and superconducting magnetic separation systems. However, a large number of multi-domain samples are easily produced in the preparation process, resulting in a significantly lower success rate and a significant increase in cost, which restricts their practical applications. Thus, we successfully recycle a series of GdBCO samples by re-supplementing the liquid phase lost in the primary growth process and pre-treating the failed sample as solid-phase source billets, which was proposed by Shi. The growth morphology and superconducting properties of the recycled GdBCO bulk superconductors are investigated in detail in this study. The results show that the key superconductivity properties have been significantly improved, which provides the scientific basis and new ideas for the development of low-cost and highly efficient fabrication yields of REBCO bulk superconductors.
Carboxymethyl chitosan–alginate hydrogel containing GSNO with the ability to nitric oxide release for diabetic wound healing
Authors: Razmjooee Kavoos , Oustadi Fereshteh , Golaghaei Alireza , Nassireslami Ehsan
Published: August 2022

Despite significant progress in developing diabetic wound dressing, the fabrication of an ideal one that fulfills all virtual criteria, such as promoting angiogenesis, is still lacking. Given the low vascularization in chronic diabetic wounds, they have a severe and non-healing nature. In this study, Nitric oxide (NO) was used as an angiogenic agent, which also has antibacterial properties. Briefly, S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) as a NO-donor was physically loaded into the carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC)/sodium alginate (ALg) composite film (CMC-ALg-GSNO). The morphological evaluation via scanning electron microscope confirms the homogeneous and porous structure of the wound dressing. The water uptake and water vapor transmission for the wound dressing were 4354.1% ± 179.3% and 2753.8 ± 54.6 g m−2 per day, respectively. An in-vitro release study showed a continuous delivery of NO during 168 h. Besides, the result from the in-vivo test reveals that the CMC-ALg-GSNO wound dressing developed diabetic wound healing in a rat model compared to the CMC-ALg and gauze. Thus, this study showed that CMC-ALg-GSNO wound dressing could lead to novel therapeutic invasions to treat diabetic wounds.
The effect of filler type and concentration on physicochemical properties and organoleptic of mushroom broth powder
Authors: Ali D Y , Sunarharum W B , Dyatmika W P
Published: August 2022

The addition of filler in mushroom broth powder is known to protect the flavour components of the broth during the drying process and improve the physicochemical properties of the broth for the better. However, using the wrong type and concentration of filler can cause a significant decrease in the physicochemical and organoleptic qualities of this product. Based on this, the purpose of this research was to determine the effect of the type and concentration of filler on the physicochemical and organoleptic properties of mushroom broth powder. The research method used is Nested Design with the use of 2 factors. The first factor is the filler type consisting of maltodextrin and tapioca, while the second factor is the filler concentration, consisting of 3 levels, 7.5%, 10%, and 12.5%. Data analysis was performed using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) method followed by the least significant difference (LSD) test. The best treatment was selected using the Zeleny method. The results showed variations in the type and concentration of different fillers significantly affected water content, protein content, yield, water vapour absorption, L*, a*, b* values, and all organoleptic attributes. The best mushroom broth powder is a sample with a treatment of maltodextrin filler type with a concentration of 7.5%. The best treatment product produced has the characteristics of water content 7.58%, protein content 3.64%, yield 8.43%, water vapour absorption 12.09%, L* 58.78, a* 9.95, b* 35.05, colour organoleptic 4.75 and 4.97 (powder and liquid), aroma 5.26 and 4.75 (powder and liquid), taste 4.77 (liquid), appearance 4.20 and 4.83 (powder and liquid) and overall liking 5.05 and 4.86 (powder and liquid).
Evaluation of plant profile of Japanese Super Sorghum variety and its physicochemical and microbiological properties of fresh juice and concentrated syrup
Authors: Assadam A , Suprihatin S , Sunarti T C
Published: August 2022

Sweet sorghum with various varieties in Indonesia is a high potential source of sugar. The innovation of sweet sorghum variety to improve the quality attributes needs to evaluate for plant’s profiles for optimal utilization prospects. The objective of this study was to examine the profiles of Japanese Super Sorghum cultivated in Indonesia that comparisons of several other varieties of sweet sorghum and characterize the physicochemical and microbiological properties of fresh juice and concentrated syrup. Japanese Super Sorghum had the highest plant size, the highest number of leaves, and the highest yield of fresh juice compared to other varieties. Japanese Super Sorghum’s fresh juice had a pH of 5.28, Total Dissolve Solid (TDS) 12.5 ± 0.1 °Brix, dextran content of 421.25 ± 3.93 ppm, color ICUMSA 862.15 ± 10.79 IU, viscosity 2.11 ± 0.02 cP, and yield of fresh juice 56.76% from stems or 42.42% from the whole plant. The concentrated syrup had a higher pH, ICUMSA color, dextran content, and viscosity than fresh juice, but it had a lower microbial growth rate. Microbial growth in concentrated syrup decreased due to defecation and evaporation. Bacterial growth in fresh juice was 1.8x103 CFU/ml and only 0.5x103 CFU/ml in concentrated syrup. The total microbial growth in fresh juice was 22.0x103 CFU/ml and only 5.5x103 CFU/ml in thick syrup. In conclusion, concentrated syrup from Japanese Super Sorghum juice has good properties and high storability.
Formulation natural ingredients combination and consumer preference product sunscreen lotion
Authors: Putri F R , Sailah I
Published: August 2022

UV rays exposure on the skin can lead to sunburn and cancer risk. Sunscreen is a preparation used to protect skin from sun exposure. Antioxidant compounds are known to have the potential effects to protect against the effects of UV rays. This research used green tea, lemon, and chitosan as natural ingredients to make sunscreen lotion. This research aims to get the right sunscreen formulation based on natural ingredients, understand the physicochemical characteristics, and acquire information on consumer preferences level. The stage of this research is to make a sunscreen formulation from green tea leaf extract (10%, 15% and 20%), chitosan (0%, 5% and 10%) and lemon juice 10%—the next step value measurement Sun Protector Factor (SPF) with spectrophotometry Uv-Vis. Quality inspection includes pH test, specific gravity, homogeneous lotion, viscosity and total plate count. Data processing was conducted using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) methods and Microsoft Excel for calculating Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI). The best treatment was obtained sunscreen lotion from the third formulation with extract green tea 10%, chitosan10% and lemon 10%. For pH test 6.19, spesific gravity 1.05 g/ml, viscos 31,500 cP, TPC 0 Cfu, and SPF test 15. The CSI value of the product is 69%, customer satisfaction is at the normal level, or customers feel satisfied.
Arabica coffee agroindustry supply chain strategy in Bandung regency
Authors: Sundana S , Raharja S
Published: August 2022

Coffee is one of the essential commodities that contribute to the economy in Indonesia. One of the best coffees with export quality is arabica java preanger coffee from Bandung district. Although a contributor to Indonesia’s economy, some previous literature describes the risks in the sustainable supply chain of coffee in Indonesia, especially Arabica Java coffee preanger. This study will describe a situational analysis in the Arabica Java Preanger coffee supply chain in Bandung Regency using a soft system methodology (SSM) and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) approach. From the results of the SSM research, it was found that there were five activities or strategies to achieve a sustainable Java Preanger Arabica coffee supply chain. Namely human resource training, financing modeling, monitoring the selling price of coffee beans, increasing productivity, and improving infrastructure. Furthermore, the results of the calculation of the AHP obtained a priority strategy, namely financing modeling.
Global warming impact study on carrageenan flour product using life cycle assessment (LCA) approach
Authors: Zuhria S A
Published: August 2022

The increasing demand for carrageenan flour products in various industries was directly proportional to the potential environmental impact generated. The environmental impact was global warming (GW) caused by greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The industry was one of the producers of GHG emissions from materials, energy, and waste produced. Hence, it hoped that it could improve the eco-friendlier production system. This study aimed to analyze GHG emissions generated in the life cycle of carrageenan flour products and give an alternative strategy for environmental improvement. This research was assessed using a life cycle assessment (LCA) approach with a cradle to gate scope. The research used were primary and secondary data. This research was carried out by determining the goal and scope, collecting input and output as inventory data for each process unit, analyzing the impact of GHG emitting sources, and interpreting the results to formulate a recommendation for improvement. The result of the LCA study showed that Global warming caused GHG emission in the carrageenan flour production process with a value of 47.54 kg-CO2eq/kg of carrageenan flour, with the most significant emission source the use of coal as boiler fuel. Recommendations for improvement that can be made to reduce GHG emissions are replacing coal with compressed natural gas (CNG) with an emission reduction value of 47.73 kg-CO2eq/kg of carrageenan flour with an improvement percentage of 44.29%.
Green synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticle using Lactobacillus sp. a literature review
Authors: Agustina L , Suprihatin S , Romli M , Suryadarma P
Published: August 2022

A critical aspect of the development of nanoparticles as a photocatalyst is the method that can be realized by physical, chemical, or biological processes or their combinations. The synthesis of nanoparticles with biological methods using a green bio-chemical approach is often referred to as a green synthesis that is carried out by utilizing various sources of plants or plant waste, algae, enzymes, or microorganisms as bioreductants. This study aims to review recent literature on TiO2 nanoparticles synthesis as photocatalyst using Lactobacillus sp. The review results show that the success of the synthesis of nanoparticles is mainly influenced by the characteristics of the bioreductant used, the concentration of metal ions in the solution, and the temperature applied during the synthesis. Lactobacillus sp was identified as a prospective bioreductant because of its ability to adapt to a wider variety of incubation conditions and produce enzymes that can form TiO2 nanoparticles with superior characteristics. The factors to be studied further include the optimum concentration of the metal ions and the optimum temperature of the process. The green TiO2 nanoparticles depend on the factors that need to be characterized and proved as a photocatalyst in advanced wastewater treatment for its recycling.
Bioplastic beads composite production based on cellulose acetate-starch blend: a literature study
Authors: Syarif M A , Fahma F , Sailah I
Published: August 2022

Cellulose and starch are two natural biological sources that have potential as bioplastic raw materials. Cellulose and starch show tremendous potential to reduce environmental pollution caused by conventional plastics. The compatibility between the cellulosic fibre matrices plays an important role in the properties of the resulting bioplastic. The modification of cellulose into cellulose acetate makes the resulting bioplastics have better mechanical properties. In addition, bioplastics can be composite with starch to have a stronger matrix. Cellulose-starch bio-composites have also been successfully produced. In this article, the focus on the formulation and characterization of cellulosic fibres and starch concerning their application in bioplastics will be discussed. Then, generalize the development and problems of bioplastics that are composite with starch to improve the mechanical properties of bioplastics.
In vitro study on the antimicrobial activity of eleven essential oils against oral cavity microbiota
Authors: Somantri R U , Sugiarto  , Iriani E S , Sunarti T C
Published: August 2022

Obtained from aromatic plants, essential oils have been utilised as natural food preservatives. Their ability to inhibit microorganism growth results from their varied chemical compositions. Furthermore, due to their classification as generally recognised as safe (GRAS) and low toxicity levels, there has been an increased study of essential oils’ compositions and antimicrobial properties against pathogens living in the human oral cavity. An initial evaluation was conducted with 11 essential oils to verify their antimicrobial activities in vitro against opportunistic pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus sanguinis and Streptococcus mutans, also a model yeast Candida albicans. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by agar disk diffusion assay, while PT kindly provided chemical composition data. Darjeeling Sembrani Aroma. The result showed that tested essential oils exhibited an inhibition zone range of 8.13 to 40.00 mm for bacteria and 7.63 to 44.04 mm for yeast. Chemical compositions of the oils revealed that the major compounds are monoterpenes, followed by sesquiterpenes and phenylpropanoids.
Design of sustainable coffee processing wastewater treatment system using K-means clustering algorithm
Authors: Laili N , Indrasti N S , Wahyudi D
Published: August 2022

Coffee processing wastewater has a COD of 3100-14343 mg per liter and a BOD of 5000-35000 mg per liter that will cause water pollution and may contaminate the water ecosystem if it is dumped directly into the environment. The literature shows that coffee processing wastewater requires special treatment to reduce the negative impact on the environment. This study develops a wastewater treatment system model capable of identifying sources of emissions and pollutants to increase the effectiveness of pollutant reduction. This study aims to analyse the coffee processing wastewater treatment system, define the most significant attribute, and develop a coffee processing wastewater treatment design using a K-means clustering method. A relief-feature selection method was used to analyze the most significant attribute of coffee processing wastewater related to certain specific wastewater treatment needed. This study used an unsupervised machine learning technique to develop clustering based on the most significant attribute of coffee processing wastewater using the K-Means method. The K-means clustering result shows five coffee processing wastewater treatment clusters based on BOD and Acidity. For clusters with BOD < 25.000 mg per liter: biological and chemical wastewater treatment will be applied through coagulation, adsorption, filtration, bio-filtration, and anaerobic microbial processes to separate pollutants. For clusters with BOD >25.000 mg/l: physical wastewater treatment will be applied through electro-coagulation.
Integrating supply chain risk management in agriculture: A case study of East Kalimantan granary
Authors: Profita A , Kuncoro D K R
Published: August 2022

Managing risk in the agricultural supply chain is more complex and challenging than other commodities due to its perishable characteristic and production nature, primarily based on unpredictable weather conditions and uncontrollable biological processes. This study analyses the agricultural supply chain risk in Penajam Paser Utara Regency, one of the granaries for East Kalimantan Province. A total of 25 risks have been identified and prioritized by fuzzy FMEA, where these risks are divided into eight supply risks, 12 manufacturer risks, and five demand risks. The mitigation strategies give five options: (1) branding image, (2) market penetration, (3) partnership, (4) preventive maintenance, and (5) production capacity to choose from. Using the Analytical Network Process (ANP) method, the priority order of mitigation strategies is to adjust production capacity weighing 35,5%.
The analysis and design of independent smallholders FFB palm oil supply system to support traceability of CPO product derivatives
Authors: Falgenti K , Hambali E
Published: August 2022

The mandatory biodiesel program in Indonesia requires more Crude Palm Oil (CPO). POM requires FFB from independent smallholders to maximize CPO production. POM usually separates FFB supply based on internal and external sources. However, the segregation did not identify the farmer and farm location source of external FFB. This study aims to analyze and design an FFB supply system from the independent smallholder’s channel by identifying the farmers’ and farms’ source of FFB in every batch production of CPO and identifying Farms and farmers to support a traceability system of CPO derivative products. The New FFB delivery system services will be run on a cloud platform. The services are truck allocation, weigh scheduling, weighing, sorting, and CPO production. The Method for developing FFB delivery service using a system approach and System Development Life Cycle (SDLC). This research only discusses the analysis and design phase. The research output is a new design delivery system of FFB with Block Appointment Scheduling (BAS) for quality control of FFB to produce high-quality CPO. The simulation of BAS and CPO production is running based on the business process at PT. RSI.
Investigating the participation mode in agro-based GI development programmes in Indonesia: A lesson learnt from three case studies
Authors: Kusnandar K , Indraprahasta G S , Sari K , Dinaseviani A , Prihadyanti D , Aziz S A , Jayanthi R , Pitaloka A A
Published: August 2022

Geographical Indication (GI), a product labelling tool based on a specific geographical origin, has gained traction in many developed countries. Meanwhile, in Indonesia, GI has been put on the radar screen since the 2000s, marked by the establishment of government regulation at the national level, followed by various programmes to assist communities to pursue GI labels for their unique local products. As GI is a community-based intellectual property, the participation of local actors is considered important in GI development to pursue sustainable agroindustry. To this end, this paper addresses the question of to what extent have the GI development programmes in Indonesia pursued the participation of local actors? In doing so, we focus on dissecting three agro-based GI products located in three different areas in Indonesia as case studies. Interviews with some representatives of the Community of GI Protection (MPIG) and the local business community from each case were conducted, supported by the information received from government actors, academics and practitioners. The degree of participation framework that consists of 1) informing, 2) consultation, and 3) empowering is used to analyse the three cases to answer the paper’s question. This paper found that the GI-based agroindustry development in Indonesia still largely focuses on pursuing formal institutions of GI labelling while empowering local actors still received little attention. Further studies are necessary to explore the effect of GI development programmes on local farmers’ situations.
Sustainable sugarcane supply chain performance assessment: A review and research agenda
Authors: Mursidah S , Fauzi A M
Published: August 2022

Supply chain sustainability has become a popular concept used by several businesses to increase business competitiveness. However, there is no standard for measuring supply chain sustainability and business competitiveness. The objectives of this research were to analyze and criticize existing methods for supply chain sustainability assessment and develop a new framework for future research. This study reviewed 151 scientific articles related to supply chain sustainability assessments from 2004 to 2020. The results show that many techniques are used for sustainability assessments. However, no single technique can comprehensively measure supply chain sustainability. Therefore, a new robust technique that accommodates complex data in a sustainable supply chain is required. The technique to be developed is a machine learning technique because it can accommodate multi-criteria problems with various nonlinear relationships. This research is a case study of the sugarcane agroindustry supply chain. The supply chain of the sugarcane agroindustry faces various sustainability issues caused by negative environmental impacts. The analysis results show that using machine learning techniques to assess sustainability for the sugarcane agroindustry’s supply chain has great potential to be developed. Machine learning applications for this assessment can also be used to monitor the performance of organizations. Thereby organizations can enhance their sustainability performance through data-driven decision-making.