bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ADHS - unter der Spitze des Eisbergs
Authors: Huggenberger Ruth
Published: May 2022

Nicht nur Kinder, auch Erwachsene können von der Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) betroffen sein. Leidensdruck, Hilflosigkeit, vehemente Streitigkeiten, soziale Ausgrenzungen, finanzielle Schwierigkeiten, Trennungsgedanken und Scheidungen sowie Auflösungen von Arbeitsverhältnissen können kennzeichnend sein für Partnerschaften und Familien mit betroffenen Mitgliedern; oftmals ist die adulte ADHS noch nicht diagnostiziert. Die auf ADHS spezialisierte Psychotherapeutin Ruth Huggenberger beschreibt im vorliegenden Buch anschaulich anhand zahlreicher Fallbeispiele die Auswirkungen der adulten ADHS auf Familien, Partnerschaften und weitere soziale Systeme.Die Autorin schaut hinter die Kulissen und spricht Themen an wieWieso kann der Aufbau einer Partnerschaft oder die Gründung einer Familie markante Probleme mit sich bringen, wenn eine Person von ADHS betroffen ist?Was hat es mit den häufig anzutreffenden Schuld- und Schamgefühlen auf sich?Weshalb treffen wir bei Betroffenen verschiedene, meist unbewusste Abwehrmechanismen an?Welche Dynamiken sind in einem familiären System mit mehreren Betroffenen häufig vertreten?Welche Erkenntnisse gewinnen wir aus den Erfahrungen der Praxis hinsichtlich der verschiedenartigen Arbeitsweise eines ADHS-Gehirns? Nach „ADHS in der Familie“ ein weiterer Band der erfolgreichen Autorin zum Thema ADHS mit Fokus auf die adulte ADHS.
Schatten über der Partnerschaft
Authors: Bodenmann Guy
Published: May 2022

Depressionen gehören zu den häufigsten psychischen Störungen und betreffen entsprechend auch viele Personen in einer festen Paarbeziehung. Während Beziehungen auf der einen Seite einen Schutzfaktor darstellen, sind sie andererseits von der Depression ebenfalls betroffen und das Paar ist in hohem Maße herausgefordert. Das Buch möchte ein fundiertes Verständnis für das Störungsbild, seine unterschiedlichen Formen, Ursachen für Depressionen und ihre Auswirkungen auf Paarbeziehungen schaffen und aufzeigen, wie es Paaren gelingen kann, die Depression als gemeinsame Herausforderung zu sehen und zusammen zu bewältigen. Im Zentrum steht die Idee, dass die Depression einen Schatten auf das Leben beider wirft, jedoch auch beide unter Nutzung der Partnerschaftsressourcen imstande sind, die Störung mit vereinten Kräften zu überwinden. Wie bei einer Ruderpartie braucht es beide, die im Gleichklang und mit demselben Ziel vor Augen rudern, auch wenn ein Teil des Paares durch die Depression in seinen Kräften eingeschränkt ist. Anhand des Konzepts von „We-Disease“ wird aufgezeigt, wie Paare selbst, aber auch Fachpersonen Depressionen effizienter behandeln und überwinden können, indem sie beide einbeziehen und die Störung als gemeinsame Herausforderung definieren.
The Psychology of Meditation
Authors: Sedlmeier Peter
Published: May 2022

All you need to know about the psychology of meditation:

Written by an expert in the field
Provides unique theories of meditation approaches
Explores traditional and Western approaches
Recommends how to improve future research
Explores new topics, e.g., negative effects

More about the book

What is meditation? What do people hope to get from practicing it and what do they really get? How can the effects of meditation be explained? And what are the best approaches to researching the psychology of meditation so we can understand more? This unique book by a leading expert provides state-of-the-art answers to these questions. Contrary to commonly accepted wisdom, meditation comes in a range of varieties and the reasons why people begin to meditate (and stay with it) are also numerous and varied. Even mindfulness, which is often (wrongly) used as a synonym for meditation, comes in many forms.

The book succinctly summarizes the beneficial effects found in the avalanche of studies available, especially in clinical contexts, and also explores recently emerging topics such as negative effects and the impact of ethics and spirituality. The author expertly provides theories of the four traditional meditation approaches, which has never been done before in this form, and gives a critical overview of Western approaches to explain the effects of meditation. In conclusion, he makes recommendations on how to improve future meditation research. This book is of interest to mental health practitioners, researchers, students interested in meditation and mindfulness approaches.
Developing in a Dynamic World
Authors: Velez Gabriel , Taylor Laura K. , Power Séamus A.
Published: May 2022

Abstract. In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic and other social dynamics created a myriad of challenges and changes for individuals, groups, and societies. The impacts on youth are particularly noteworthy given developmental processes of adolescence and emerging adulthood. As psychologists, we have much to offer in studying how 2020 influenced their development and in shaping effective supports. To be useful, the work must be nuanced, iterative, and attentive to their lived realities. We argue for a dynamic research framework to study these developmental processes. Through such an approach, psychological science can provide insight into diverse young people’s experiences of COVID-19 with a focus on addressing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 3, 4, and 16 on increasing a sense of well-being, making education more equitable, and developing more peaceful societies. This paper lays out three theoretical frameworks – Synthetic, Augmentative, Generative, and Experiential, Meanings, Observations, Viewpoints, and Experiences, and the Developmental Peacebuilding Model – that can be used to capture the dynamism of meaning-making and development within changing contexts. We then provide examples from our research with young people in the United States and Ireland. This paper ends with a call for psychologists across the globe to understand and address COVID-19’s impacts on youth through iterative and integrative research methods with a focus on meaning-making. In coordination with macro-level metrics, such work can help understand lived psychosocial impacts on diverse groups of young people, while highlighting opportunities to support SDGs 3, 4, and 16.
The Availability of Limestone and Other Raw Materials for Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement
Authors: Caserini Stefano , Storni Niccolò , Grosso Mario
Published: May 2022

The work assesses the availability and localizations of different raw materials suitable for ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE), like limestone, olivine, magnesite and brucite, since several billion tons of rocky materials are needed to achieve meaningful results for carbon sequestration through OAE. Resources of carbonates are immense and widespread around all continents. Availability of pure carbonates is still very large (outcrop area 4.1 million km2) and is not a constraint for the large‐scale development of OAE. Outcrops of pure carbonates within 10 km from the coastline and below bare ground or scrub/shrub, preferred for the logistics of exploitation, account for about 70,000 km2, and could provide about 5,000 Gt of limestone. These values increase by a factor of 3 and 8 within 50 and 100 km from the coastline, respectively. Potential resources of olivine, less easily identifiable from the geological data, are estimated in the order of a few hundred billion tons and could provide only a minor contribution to ocean‐based carbon removal strategies. A comparison with the current level of world extraction of mineral raw materials is also provided. The annual production of limestone, estimated to be more than 6.6 Gt from deposits scattered all around the world, is about 9% of the world production of mineral raw materials (around 44 Gt yr−1), and is of the same order of magnitude as coal (7.3 Gt yr−1). The annual productions of magnesite (29 Mt yr−1), olivine (8.4 Mt yr−1) and brucite (1.5 Mt yr−1) are two orders of magnitude lower.
Modern Eastern Canadian Arctic Lake Water Isotopes Exhibit Latitudinal Patterns in Inflow Seasonality and Minimal Evaporative Enrichment
Authors: Gorbey D. B. , Thomas E. K. , Sauer P. E. , Raynolds M. K. , Miller G. H. , Corcoran M. C. , Cowling O. C. , Crump S. E. , Lovell K. , Raberg J. H.
Published: May 2022

Lacustrine δ2H and δ18O isotope proxies are powerful tools for reconstructing past climate and precipitation changes in the Arctic. However, robust paleoclimate record interpretations depend on site‐specific lake water isotope systematics, which are poorly described in the eastern Canadian Arctic due to insufficient modern lake water isotope data. We use modern lake water isotopes (δ18O and δ2H) collected between 1994–1997 and 2017–2021 from a transect of sites spanning a Québec‐to‐Ellesmere Island gradient to evaluate the effects of inflow seasonality and evaporative enrichment on the δ2H and δ18O composition of lake water. Four lakes near Iqaluit, Nunavut sampled biweekly through three ice‐free seasons reflect mean annual precipitation isotopes with slight evaporative enrichment. In a 23° latitudinal transect of 181 lakes, through‐flowing lake water δ2H and δ18O fall along local meteoric water lines. Despite variability within each region, we observe a latitudinal pattern: southern lakes reflect mean annual precipitation isotopes, whereas northern lakes reflect summer‐biased precipitation isotopes. This pattern suggests that northern lakes are more fully flushed with summer precipitation, and we hypothesize that this occurs because the ratio of runoff to precipitation increases with latitude as vegetation cover decreases. Therefore, proxy records from through‐flowing lakes in this region should reflect precipitation isotopes with minimal influence of evaporation, but vegetation changes in lake catchments across a latitudinal transect and through geologic time may influence the seasonality of lake water isotopic compositions. Thus, we recommend that future lake water isotope proxy records are considered in context with temperature and ecological proxy records.
Inferring intelligence of ancient people based on modern genomic studies
Authors: Dauyey Kaisar , Saitou Naruya
Published: May 2022

Quantification of ancient human intelligence has become possible with recent advances in polygenic prediction. Intelligence is a complex trait that has both environmental and genetic components and high heritability. Large-scale genome-wide association studies based on ~270,000 individuals have demonstrated highly significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with intelligence in present-day humans. We utilized those previously reported 12,037 SNPs to estimate a genetic component of intelligence in ancient Funadomari Jomon individual from 3700 years BP as well as four individuals of Afanasievo nuclear family from about 4100 years BP and who are considered anatomically modern humans. We have demonstrated that ancient individuals could have been not inferior in intelligence compared to present-day humans through assessment of the genetic component of intelligence. We have also confirmed that alleles associated with intelligence tend to spread equally between ancestral and derived origin suggesting that intelligence may be a neutral trait in human evolution.
The Rho guanosine nucleotide exchange factors Vav2 and Vav3 modulate epidermal stem cell function
Authors: Lorenzo-Martín L. Francisco , Menacho-Márquez Mauricio , Fernández-Parejo Natalia , Rodríguez-Fdez Sonia , Pascual Gloria , Abad Antonio , Crespo Piero , Dosil Mercedes , Benitah Salvador A. , Bustelo Xosé R.
Published: May 2022

It is known that Rho GTPases control different aspects of the biology of skin stem cells (SSCs). However, little information is available on the role of their upstream regulators under normal and tumorigenic conditions in this process. To address this issue, we have used here mouse models in which the activity of guanosine nucleotide exchange factors of the Vav subfamily has been manipulated using both gain- and loss-of-function strategies. These experiments indicate that Vav2 and Vav3 regulate the number, functional status, and responsiveness of hair follicle bulge stem cells. This is linked to gene expression programs related to the reinforcement of the identity and the quiescent state of normal SSCs. By contrast, in the case of cancer stem cells, they promote transcriptomal programs associated with the identity, activation state, and cytoskeletal remodeling. These results underscore the role of these Rho exchange factors in the regulation of normal and tumor epidermal stem cells.
Analysis of the metabolic proteome of lung adenocarcinomas by reverse-phase protein arrays (RPPA) emphasizes mitochondria as targets for therapy
Authors: Torresano Laura , Santacatterina Fulvio , Domínguez-Zorita Sonia , Nuevo-Tapioles Cristina , Núñez-Salgado Alfonso , Esparza-Moltó Pau B. , González-Llorente Lucía , Romero-Carramiñana Inés , Núñez de Arenas Cristina , Sánchez-Garrido Brenda , Nájera Laura , Salas Clara , Provencio Mariano , Cuezva José M.
Published: May 2022

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide despite the success of therapies targeting oncogenic drivers and immune-checkpoint inhibitors. Although metabolic enzymes offer additional targets for therapy, the precise metabolic proteome of lung adenocarcinomas is unknown, hampering its clinical translation. Herein, we used Reverse Phase Protein Arrays to quantify the changes in enzymes of glycolysis, oxidation of pyruvate, fatty acid metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, antioxidant response and protein oxidative damage in 128 tumors and paired non-tumor adjacent tissue of lung adenocarcinomas to profile the proteome of metabolism. Steady-state levels of mitochondrial proteins of fatty acid oxidation, oxidative phosphorylation and of the antioxidant response are independent predictors of survival and/or of disease recurrence in lung adenocarcinoma patients. Next, we addressed the mechanisms by which the overexpression of ATPase Inhibitory Factor 1, the physiological inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation, which is an independent predictor of disease recurrence, prevents metastatic disease. We highlight that IF1 overexpression promotes a more vulnerable and less invasive phenotype in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Finally, and as proof of concept, the therapeutic potential of targeting fatty acid assimilation or oxidation in combination with an inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation was studied in mice bearing lung adenocarcinomas. The results revealed that this therapeutic approach significantly extended the lifespan and provided better welfare to mice than cisplatin treatments, supporting mitochondrial activities as targets of therapy in lung adenocarcinoma patients.
Halting ErbB-2 isoforms retrograde transport to the nucleus as a new theragnostic approach for triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Madera Santiago , Izzo Franco , Chervo María F. , Dupont Agustina , Chiauzzi Violeta A. , Bruni Sofia , Petrillo Ezequiel , Merin Sharon S. , De Martino Mara , Montero Diego , Levit Claudio , Lebersztein Gabriel , Anfuso Fabiana , Roldán Deamicis Agustina , Mercogliano María F. , Proietti Cecilia J. , Schillaci Roxana , Elizalde Patricia V. , Cordo Russo Rosalía I.
Published: May 2022

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is clinically defined by the absence of estrogen and progesterone receptors and the lack of membrane overexpression or gene amplification of receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB-2/HER2. Due to TNBC heterogeneity, clinical biomarkers and targeted therapies for this disease remain elusive. We demonstrated that ErbB-2 is localized in the nucleus (NErbB-2) of TNBC cells and primary tumors, from where it drives growth. We also discovered that TNBC expresses both wild-type ErbB-2 (WTErbB-2) and alternative ErbB-2 isoform c (ErbB-2c). Here, we revealed that the inhibitors of the retrograde transport Retro-2 and its cyclic derivative Retro-2.1 evict both WTErbB-2 and ErbB-2c from the nucleus of BC cells and tumors. Using BC cells from several molecular subtypes, as well as normal breast cells, we demonstrated that Retro-2 specifically blocks proliferation of BC cells expressing NErbB-2. Importantly, Retro-2 eviction of both ErbB-2 isoforms from the nucleus resulted in a striking growth abrogation in multiple TNBC preclinical models, including tumor explants and xenografts. Our mechanistic studies in TNBC cells revealed that Retro-2 induces a differential accumulation of WTErbB-2 at the early endosomes and the plasma membrane, and of ErbB-2c at the Golgi, shedding new light both on Retro-2 action on endogenous protein cargoes undergoing retrograde transport, and on the biology of ErbB-2 splicing variants. In addition, we revealed that the presence of a functional signal peptide and a nuclear export signal (NES), both located at the N-terminus of WTErbB-2, and absent in ErbB-2c, accounts for the differential subcellular distribution of ErbB-2 isoforms upon Retro-2 treatment. Our present discoveries provide evidence for the rational repurposing of Retro-2 as a novel therapeutic agent for TNBC.
Mitochondrial autophagy: molecular mechanisms and implications for cardiovascular disease
Authors: Li Anqi , Gao Meng , Liu Bilin , Qin Yuan , chen Lei , Liu Hanyu , Wu Huayan , Gong Guohua
Published: May 2022

Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that participate in ATP generation and involve calcium homeostasis, oxidative stress response, and apoptosis. Dysfunctional or damaged mitochondria could cause serious consequences even lead to cell death. Therefore, maintaining the homeostasis of mitochondria is critical for cellular functions. Mitophagy is a process of selectively degrading damaged mitochondria under mitochondrial toxicity conditions, which plays an essential role in mitochondrial quality control. The abnormal mitophagy that aggravates mitochondrial dysfunction is closely related to the pathogenesis of many diseases. As the myocardium is a highly oxidative metabolic tissue, mitochondria play a central role in maintaining optimal performance of the heart. Dysfunctional mitochondria accumulation is involved in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy and heart failure. This review discusses the most recent progress on mitophagy and its role in cardiovascular disease.
Targeting double-strand break indel byproducts with secondary guide RNAs improves Cas9 HDR-mediated genome editing efficiencies
Authors: Bodai Zsolt , Bishop Alena L. , Gantz Valentino M. , Komor Alexis C.
Published: May 2022

Programmable double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs) can be harnessed for precision genome editing through manipulation of the homology-directed repair (HDR) pathway. However, end-joining repair pathways often outcompete HDR and introduce insertions and deletions of bases (indels) at the DSB site, decreasing precision outcomes. It has been shown that indel sequences for a given DSB site are reproducible and can even be predicted. Here, we report a general strategy (the “double tap” method) to improve HDR-mediated precision genome editing efficiencies that takes advantage of the reproducible nature of indel sequences. The method simply involves the use of multiple gRNAs: a primary gRNA that targets the wild-type genomic sequence, and one or more secondary gRNAs that target the most common indel sequence(s), which in effect provides a “second chance” at HDR-mediated editing. This proof-of-principle study presents the double tap method as a simple yet effective option for enhancing precision editing in mammalian cells.
An Archimedes' screw for light
Authors: Galiffi Emanuele , Huidobro Paloma A. , Pendry J. B.
Published: May 2022

An Archimedes’ Screw captures water, feeding energy into it by lifting it to a higher level. We introduce the first instance of an optical Archimedes’ Screw, and demonstrate how this system is capable of capturing light, dragging it and amplifying it. We unveil new exact analytic solutions to Maxwell’s Equations for a wide family of chiral space-time media, and show their potential to achieve chirally selective amplification within widely tunable parity-time-broken phases. Our work, which may be readily implemented via pump-probe experiments with circularly polarized beams, opens a new direction in the physics of time-varying media by merging the rising field of space-time metamaterials and that of chiral systems, and offers a new playground for topological and non-Hermitian photonics, with potential applications to chiral spectroscopy and sensing.
The evolution of trait variance creates a tension between species diversity and functional diversity
Authors: Barabás György , Parent Christine , Kraemer Andrew , Van de Perre Frederik , De Laender Frederik
Published: May 2022

It seems intuitively obvious that species diversity promotes functional diversity: communities with more plant species imply more varied plant leaf chemistry, more species of crops provide more kinds of food, etc. Recent literature has nuanced this view, showing how the relationship between the two can be modulated along latitudinal or environmental gradients. Here we show that even without such effects, the evolution of functional trait variance can erase or even reverse the expected positive relationship between species- and functional diversity. We present theory showing that trait-based eco-evolutionary processes force species to evolve narrower trait breadths in more tightly packed, species-rich communities, in their effort to avoid competition with neighboring species. This effect is so strong that it leads to an overall reduction in trait space coverage whenever a new species establishes. Empirical data from land snail communities on the Galápagos Islands are consistent with this claim. The finding that the relationship between species- and functional diversity can be negative implies that trait data from species-poor communities may misjudge functional diversity in species-rich ones, and vice versa.
Human and planetary health implications of negative emissions technologies
Authors: Cobo Selene , Galán-Martín Ángel , Tulus Victor , Huijbregts Mark A. J. , Guillén-Gosálbez Gonzalo
Published: May 2022

Meeting the 1.5 °C target may require removing up to 1,000 Gtonne CO2 by 2100 with Negative Emissions Technologies (NETs). We evaluate the impacts of Direct Air Capture and Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (DACCS and BECCS), finding that removing 5.9 Gtonne/year CO2 can prevent <9·102 disability-adjusted life years per million people annually, relative to a baseline without NETs. Avoiding this health burden—similar to that of Parkinson’s—can save substantial externalities (≤148 US$/tonne CO2), comparable to the NETs levelized costs. The health co-benefits of BECCS, dependent on the biomass source, can exceed those of DACCS. Although both NETs can help to operate within the climate change and ocean acidification planetary boundaries, they may lead to trade-offs between Earth-system processes. Only DACCS can avert damage to the biosphere integrity without challenging other biophysical limits (impacts ≤2% of the safe operating space). The quantified NETs co-benefits can incentivize their adoption.
A negative-solvatochromic fluorescent probe for visualizing intracellular distributions of fatty acid metabolites
Authors: Kajiwara Keiji , Osaki Hiroshi , Greßies Steffen , Kuwata Keiko , Kim Ju Hyun , Gensch Tobias , Sato Yoshikatsu , Glorius Frank , Yamaguchi Shigehiro , Taki Masayasu
Published: May 2022

Metabolic distribution of fatty acid to organelles is an essential biological process for energy homeostasis as well as for the maintenance of membrane integrity, and the metabolic pathways are strictly regulated in response to environmental stimuli. Herein, we report a fluorescent fatty acid probe, which bears an azapyrene dye that changes its absorption and emission features depending on the microenvironment polarity of the organelle into which it is transported. Owing to the environmental sensitivity of this dye, the distribution of the metabolically incorporated probe in non-polar lipid droplets, medium-polarity membranes, and the polar aqueous regions, can be visualized in different colors. Based on density scatter plots of the fluorophore, we demonstrate that the degradation of triacylglycerols in lipid droplets occurs predominantly via lipolysis rather than lipophagy in nutrition-starved hepatocytes. This tool can thus be expected to significantly advance our understanding of the lipid metabolism in living organisms.
Culling corallivores improves short-term coral recovery under bleaching scenarios
Authors: Rogers Jacob G. D. , Plagányi Éva E.
Published: May 2022

Management of coral predators, corallivores, is recommended to improve coral cover on tropical coral reefs under projected increasing levels of accumulated thermal stress, but whether corallivore management can improve coral cover, which is necessary for large-scale operationalisation, remains equivocal. Here, using a multispecies ecosystem model, we investigate intensive management of an invertebrate corallivore, the Crown-of-Thorns Starfish (Acanthaster cf. solaris), and show that culling could improve coral cover at sub-reef spatial scales, but efficacy varied substantially within and among reefs. Simulated thermal stress events attenuated management-derived coral cover improvements and was dependent on the level of accumulated thermal stress, the thermal sensitivity of coral communities and the rate of corallivore recruitment at fine spatial scales. Corallivore management was most effective when accumulated thermal stress was low, coral communities were less sensitive to heat stress and in areas of high corallivore recruitment success. Our analysis informs how to manage a pest species to promote coral cover under future thermal stress events.
Direct and real-time observation of hole transport dynamics in anatase TiO2 using X-ray free-electron laser
Authors: Park Sang Han , Katoch Abhishek , Chae Keun Hwa , Gautam Sanjeev , Miedema Piter , Cho Sang Wan , Kim Minseok , Wang Ru-Pan , Lazemi Masoud , de Groot Frank , Kwon Soonnam
Published: May 2022

Carrier dynamics affects photocatalytic systems, but direct and real-time observations in an element-specific and energy-level-specific manner are challenging. In this study, we demonstrate that the dynamics of photo-generated holes in metal oxides can be directly probed by using femtosecond X-ray absorption spectroscopy at an X-ray free-electron laser. We identify the energy level and life time of holes with a long life time (230 pico-seconds) in nano-crystal materials. We also observe that trapped holes show an energy distribution in the bandgap region with a formation time of 0.3 pico-seconds and a decay time of 8.0 pico-seconds at room temperature. We corroborate the dynamics of the electrons by using X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the metal L-edges in a consistent explanation with that of the holes.
Gray wolf optimizer with bubble-net predation for modeling fluidized catalytic cracking unit main fractionator
Authors: Wang Xiaojing , Su Chengli , Wang Ning , Shi Huiyuan
Published: May 2022

Fluidized catalytic cracking unit (FCCU) main fractionator is a complex system with multivariable, nonlinear and uncertainty. Its modeling is a hard nut to crack. Ordinary modeling methods are difficult to estimate its dynamic characteristics accurately. In this work, the gray wolf optimizer with bubble-net predation (GWO_BP) is proposed for solving this complex optimization problem. GWO_BP can effectively balance the detectability and exploitability to find the optimal value faster, and improve the accuracy. The head wolf has the best fitness value in GWO. GWO_BP uses the spiral bubble predation method of whale to replace the surrounding hunting scheme of the head wolf, which enhances the global search ability and speeds up the convergence speed. And Lévy flight is applied to improve the wolf search strategy to update the positions of wolfpack for overcoming the disadvantage of easily falling into local optimum. The experiments of the basic GWO, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) and the GWO_BP are carried out with 12 typical test functions. The experimental results show that GWO_BP has the best optimization accuracy. Then, the GWO_BP is used to solve the parameter estimation problem of FCCU main fractionator model. The simulation results show that the FCCU main fractionator model established by the proposed modeling method can accurately reflect the dynamic characteristics of the real world.
Learning to simulate high energy particle collisions from unlabeled data
Authors: Howard Jessica N. , Mandt Stephan , Whiteson Daniel , Yang Yibo
Published: May 2022

In many scientific fields which rely on statistical inference, simulations are often used to map from theoretical models to experimental data, allowing scientists to test model predictions against experimental results. Experimental data is often reconstructed from indirect measurements causing the aggregate transformation from theoretical models to experimental data to be poorly-described analytically. Instead, numerical simulations are used at great computational cost. We introduce Optimal-Transport-based Unfolding and Simulation (OTUS), a fast simulator based on unsupervised machine-learning that is capable of predicting experimental data from theoretical models. Without the aid of current simulation information, OTUS trains a probabilistic autoencoder to transform directly between theoretical models and experimental data. Identifying the probabilistic autoencoder’s latent space with the space of theoretical models causes the decoder network to become a fast, predictive simulator with the potential to replace current, computationally-costly simulators. Here, we provide proof-of-principle results on two particle physics examples, Z-boson and top-quark decays, but stress that OTUS can be widely applied to other fields.
Learning processes in hierarchical pairs regulate entire gene expression in cells
Authors: Yamaguchi Tomoyuki
Published: May 2022

Expression of numerous genes is precisely controlled in a cell in various contexts. While genetic and epigenetic mechanisms contribute to this regulation, how each mechanism cooperates to ensure the proper expression patterns of the whole gene remains unclear. Here, I theoretically show that the repetition of simple biological processes makes cells functional with the appropriate expression patterns of all genes if the inappropriateness of current expression ratios is roughly fed back to the epigenetic states. A learning pair model is developed, in which two factors autonomously approach the target ratio by repeating two stochastic processes; competitive amplification with a small addition term and decay depending on the difference between the current and target ratios. Furthermore, thousands of factors are self-regulated in a hierarchical-pair architecture, in which the activation degrees competitively amplify, while transducing the activation signal, and decay at four different probabilities. Changes in whole-gene expression during human early embryogenesis and hematopoiesis are reproduced in simulation using this epigenetic learning process in a single genetically-determined hierarchical-pair architecture of gene regulatory cascades. On the background of this learning process, I propose the law of biological inertia, which means that a living cell basically maintains the expression pattern while renewing its contents.
Physics-informed attention-based neural network for hyperbolic partial differential equations: application to the Buckley–Leverett problem
Authors: Rodriguez-Torrado Ruben , Ruiz Pablo , Cueto-Felgueroso Luis , Green Michael Cerny , Friesen Tyler , Matringe Sebastien , Togelius Julian
Published: May 2022

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have enabled significant improvements in modelling physical processes described by partial differential equations (PDEs) and are in principle capable of modeling a large variety of differential equations. PINNs are based on simple architectures, and learn the behavior of complex physical systems by optimizing the network parameters to minimize the residual of the underlying PDE. Current network architectures share some of the limitations of classical numerical discretization schemes when applied to non-linear differential equations in continuum mechanics. A paradigmatic example is the solution of hyperbolic conservation laws that develop highly localized nonlinear shock waves. Learning solutions of PDEs with dominant hyperbolic character is a challenge for current PINN approaches, which rely, like most grid-based numerical schemes, on adding artificial dissipation. Here, we address the fundamental question of which network architectures are best suited to learn the complex behavior of non-linear PDEs. We focus on network architecture rather than on residual regularization. Our new methodology, called physics-informed attention-based neural networks (PIANNs), is a combination of recurrent neural networks and attention mechanisms. The attention mechanism adapts the behavior of the deep neural network to the non-linear features of the solution, and break the current limitations of PINNs. We find that PIANNs effectively capture the shock front in a hyperbolic model problem, and are capable of providing high-quality solutions inside the convex hull of the training set.
Novel brown adipose tissue candidate genes predicted by the human gene connectome
Authors: Salazar-Tortosa Diego F. , Enard David , Itan Yuval , Ruiz Jonatan R.
Published: May 2022

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a promising therapeutic target against obesity. Therefore, research on the genetic architecture of BAT could be key for the development of successful therapies against this complex phenotype. Hypothesis-driven candidate gene association studies are useful for studying genetic determinants of complex traits, but they are dependent upon the previous knowledge to select candidate genes. Here, we predicted 107 novel-BAT candidate genes in silico using the uncoupling protein one (UCP1) as the hallmark of BAT activity. We first identified the top 1% of human genes predicted by the human gene connectome to be biologically closest to the UCP1, estimating 167 additional pathway genes (BAT connectome). We validated this prediction by showing that 60 genes already associated with BAT were included in the connectome and they were biologically closer to each other than expected by chance (p < 2.2 × 10−16). The rest of genes (107) are potential candidates for BAT, being also closer to known BAT genes and more expressed in BAT biopsies than expected by chance (p < 2.2 × 10−16; p = 4.39 × 10–02). The resulting new list of predicted human BAT genes should be useful for the discovery of novel BAT genes and metabolic pathways.
Lung function, allergic sensitization and asthma in school-aged children after viral-coinfection bronchiolitis
Authors: Ruiz Sara , Calvo Cristina , Pozo Francisco , Casas Inmaculada , García-García María Luz
Published: May 2022

Our main objective was to compare the lung function, the rate of allergic sensitization and the prevalence of asthma at 7–9 years in children hospitalized for bronchiolitis with viral coinfection versus single viral infection. Observational study in children with previous bronchiolitis and current age 7–9 years. Clinical data were collected. Fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) determination, spirometry and skin prick test for common aeroallergens were performed. A total of 181 children hospitalized for bronchiolitis (40 coinfections and 141 single infections), with median age of 8.3 years (IQR:7.5–9.1) were included. Single-HRV-infections showed lower basal FEV1(%) than coinfections (p = 0.04) and lower z-score FEV1than single-RSV-infections (p = 0.04) or coinfections (p = 0.02). Also, single-HRV-infections had lower post-bronchodilator FEV1(%) and z-score FEV1values than coinfections (p = 0.03 andp = 0.03). Single-HRV-bronchiolitis was an independent risk factor for FEV1 < 80% (p = 0.007). FeNO value > 25 ppb was detected in 21(12.5%) cases, without differences between viral groups (p = 0.768). The prevalence of allergic sensitization was similar in coinfections (31.4%) versus single infections (38.7%), (p = 0.428). The highest frequency of allergic rhinitis was observed in single-HRV patients (p = 0.004). The respiratory morbidity at 7–9 years of coinfected patients was similar to the single-HRV ones. In contrast, the likelihood of current asthma was up to 5 times higher in RSV/HRV coinfections than in the single-RSV-infections ones (p = 0.012). The respiratory morbidity at 7–9 years of age after severe bronchiolitis is significantly higher in single-HRV or viral coinfection patients that in single-RSV ones. Single-HRV-bronchiolitis is independently associated with lower lung function at school-age.
The influence of grain shape and size on the relationship between porosity and permeability in sandstone: a digital approach
Authors: Payton Ryan L. , Chiarella Domenico , Kingdon Andrew
Published: May 2022

An accurate and reliable description of the porosity–permeability relationship in geological materials is valuable in understanding subsurface fluid movement. This is important for reservoir characterisation, energy exploitation, geological carbon storage (GCS) and groundwater contamination and remediation. Whilst the relationship between pore characteristics and porosity and permeability are well examined, further investigation into the influence of grain characteristics on porosity and permeability would be beneficial due to the inherent relationship between grains and pores. This work aims to determine whether incorporation of grain characteristics into a porosity–permeability model is effective in constraining this relationship. Two fully digital approaches to individual 3D grain analysis based upon watershed segmentation are compared to determine the most effective, yet simple, workflow applicable to core plugs of significantly compacted grains. The identification of an effective segmentation workflow will facilitate future work on similarly complex materials, removing the need for traditional time-consuming and manual techniques. We use the most effective approach of measuring grain shape (sphericity) and size (Feret diameter) alongside an established fully digital workflow to measure porosity and permeability to investigate the impact of grain characteristics on porosity and permeability. We show that grain sphericity and porosity exhibit a positive relationship whereas no such relationship exists with grain size. Measurements of grain sphericity are applied to calculate a Kozeny–Carman (K–C) type porosity–permeability fit which was found to be unsatisfactory, compared to a simpler fit excluding any grain parameters. This is possibly due to the lower sphericity of the studied grains, deviating significantly from the K–C assumption that grains are entirely spherical. The simpler fit is most suitable for the studied materials, showing that inclusion of grain characteristics is not effective for better defining the porosity–permeability relationship in a K–C paradigm for these samples. This highlights the need for a model capable of considering a range of grain sphericities to further constrain the porosity–permeability relationship.
Modeling of energy consumption factors for an industrial cement vertical roller mill by SHAP-XGBoost: a "conscious lab" approach
Authors: Fatahi Rasoul , Nasiri Hamid , Dadfar Ehsan , Chehreh Chelgani Saeed
Published: May 2022

Cement production is one of the most energy-intensive manufacturing industries, and the milling circuit of cement plants consumes around 4% of a year's global electrical energy production. It is well understood that modeling and digitalizing industrial-scale processes would help control production circuits better, improve efficiency, enhance personal training systems, and decrease plants' energy consumption. This tactical approach could be integrated using conscious lab (CL) as an innovative concept in the internet age. Surprisingly, no CL has been reported for the milling circuit of a cement plant. A robust CL interconnect datasets originated from monitoring operational variables in the plants and translating them to human basis information using explainable artificial intelligence (EAI) models. By initiating a CL for an industrial cement vertical roller mill (VRM), this study conducted a novel strategy to explore relationships between VRM monitored operational variables and their representative energy consumption factors (output temperature and motor power). Using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) as one of the most recent EAI models accurately helped fill the lack of information about correlations within VRM variables. SHAP analyses highlighted that working pressure and input gas rate with positive relationships are the key factors influencing energy consumption. eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) as a powerful predictive tool could accurately model energy representative factors by R-square ever 0.80 in the testing phase. Comparison assessments indicated that SHAP-XGBoost could provide higher accuracy for VRM-CL structure than conventional modeling tools (Pearson correlation, Random Forest, and Support vector regression.
Experience sampling self-reports of social media use have comparable predictive validity to digital trace measures
Authors: Verbeij Tim , Pouwels J. Loes , Beyens Ine , Valkenburg Patti M.
Published: May 2022

Research agrees that self-reported measures of time spent with social media (TSM) show poor convergent validity, because they correlate modestly with equivalent objective digital trace measures. This experience sampling study among 159 adolescents (12,617 self-reports) extends this work by examining the comparative predictive validity of self-reported and digital trace measures of TSM, that is, the extent to which self-reported and digital trace measures of TSM correspond in their effects on self-esteem, well-being, and friendship closeness. Using an N = 1 method of analysis, we investigated the correspondence on a between-person, within-person, and person-specific level. Although our results confirmed the poor convergent validity of self-reported TSM reported earlier, we found that self-reports of TSM had comparable predictive validity to digital trace measures on all three levels. Because comparative predictive validity of self-reported TSM is crucial for investigating social media effects, our results have important implications for future research using self-reported TSM.
The value of Ki67 for the diagnosis of LSIL and the problems of p16 in the diagnosis of HSIL
Authors: Liu Jixuan , Su Sanmei , Liu Yafang
Published: May 2022

p16 and Ki67 are immunohistochemical markers related to cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions. p16 has been widely used to assist in the diagnosis of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. However, a conclusion about the role of Ki67 in the diagnosis of squamous intraepithelial lesions has not been established. The aim of this study was to analyze the role of p16 and Ki67 immunohistochemical staining in assisting cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions. This study performed immunohistochemical staining for p16 and Ki67 on 1024 cervical biopsy specimens at our hospital to compare the differences between p16 and Ki67 in different cervical lesions using the chi-squared test and Fisher’s exact test. This study also evaluated the value of Ki67 for the diagnosis of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSILs) using the receiver operating characteristic curve. The results indicated that Ki67 had high specificity and sensitivity in distinguishing LSIL from normal cervix. p16 was diffusely and strongly positive in some LSILs, and some problems were encountered in the interpretation of p16 staining. Therefore, we believe that Ki67 can be used as an immunohistochemical marker to help in the diagnosis of LSIL, to distinguish lesions that are difficult to morphologically determine and to avoid misdiagnosis. The practical application of p16 staining is still problematic. It may be necessary to find other auxiliary means to distinguish this small proportion of cervical lesions.
The effect of reducing per capita water and energy uses on renewable water resources in the water, food and energy nexus
Authors: Kheirinejad Shima , Bozorg-Haddad Omid , Singh Vijay P. , Loáiciga Hugo A.
Published: May 2022

This study assesses the feedbacks between water, food, and energy nexus at the national level with a dynamic-system model, taking into account the qualitative and quantitative environmental water needs. Surface and groundwater resources are considered jointly in the water resources subsystem of this dynamic system. The developed model considers the effects of reducing the per capita use water and energy on its system’s components. Results indicate that due to feedbacks the changes in per capita uses of water and energy have indirect and direct effects. About 40% of the total water savings achieved by the per capita change policy was related to energy savings, in other words, it is an indirect saving. Implementation of per capita use reductions compensates for 9% of the decline of Iran's groundwater reservoirs (non-renewable resources in the short term) that occur during the five-year study period. The Manageable and Exploitable Renewable Water Stress Index (MRWI) corresponding to water and energy savings equals 214.5%, which is better than its value under the current situation (which is equal to 235.1%).
Analyzing historical and future acute neurosurgical demand using an AI-enabled predictive dashboard
Authors: Pandit Anand S. , Jalal Arif H. B. , Toma Ahmed K. , Nachev Parashkev
Published: May 2022

Characterizing acute service demand is critical for neurosurgery and other emergency-dominant specialties in order to dynamically distribute resources and ensure timely access to treatment. This is especially important in the post-Covid 19 pandemic period, when healthcare centers are grappling with a record backlog of pending surgical procedures and rising acute referral numbers. Healthcare dashboards are well-placed to analyze this data, making key information about service and clinical outcomes available to staff in an easy-to-understand format. However, they typically provide insights based on inference rather than prediction, limiting their operational utility. We retrospectively analyzed and prospectively forecasted acute neurosurgical referrals, based on 10,033 referrals made to a large volume tertiary neurosciences center in London, U.K., from the start of the Covid-19 pandemic lockdown period until October 2021 through the use of a novel AI-enabled predictive dashboard. As anticipated, weekly referral volumes significantly increased during this period, largely owing to an increase in spinal referrals (p < 0.05). Applying validated time-series forecasting methods, we found that referrals were projected to increase beyond this time-point, with Prophet demonstrating the best test and computational performance. Using a mixed-methods approach, we determined that a dashboard approach was usable, feasible, and acceptable among key stakeholders.