bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hot memo summer: How OSTP’s recommendations will lead to a large-scale transformation of the research ecosystem
Authors: Farley Ashley
Published: January 2023

Since 2015 I’ve been steeped in the world of open access, academic publishing, and funder policies. This is a blip of time compared to many other experts and advocates in this space. I’ve often sardonically joked that if I had received a dollar for every time I’ve heard that open access will become the norm once the United States changes its policy I could retire early.
Valetudinarian Situation Categorize Using Drug Reviews
Authors:   Dept. of Information Technology, Maharaja Agrasen Institute of technology, Delhi, India, Chaudhary Ayush Kumar , Kumar Kushager
Published: January 2023

Human healthcare is one of society's most important issues. To ensure that patients receive the care they require as quickly as possible, it searches for the best diagnosis and thorough disease. For the health-related component of searching, other disciplines are required, such as statistics and computer science, because this recognition is frequently complex[3]. These disciplines must go beyond the traditional ones in order to follow innovative methodologies. Because there are so many new strategies, it is possible to give a general summary without focusing on certain details. In order to do this, we propose a thorough examination of machine learning-related disorders in humans. In order to find interesting trends, make unimportant forecasts, and aid in decision-making[1], this research focuses on existing approaches connected to machine learning growth applied to the diagnosis of human disorders in the medical industry. In order to produce suitable decision support, this study examines distinctive machine learning methods employed in healthcare applications[4], [5]. With the goal of developing a practical decision support system for medical applications, the research gap is to be filled up by this work. Key Words: Human disease, Machine learning, Neural Networks.
Numerical method for determining the coefficient of hydraulic resistance two-phase flow in a gas lift well
Authors:   «OilGasScientificResearchProject» Institute, SOCAR, Baku, Azerbaijan, Abdullayev V. J. , Gamzaev Kh. M. ,   Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, Baku, Azerbaijan
Published: January 2023

The process of stationary movement of a gas-liquid mixture in the lifting pipe of a gas-lift well is considered. To describe this two-phase flow, a mathematical model is proposed that includes the equation of flow motion and the continuity equation for each phase. The presented model is transformed to a single nonlinear ordinary differential equation with respect to pressure. Within the framework of the obtained model, the task is set to determine the hydraulic resistance coefficient of a two-phase flow according to an additionally specified condition with respect to pressure. An additional condition, presented in the form of a nonlinear algebraic equation, is transformed into an ordinary differential equation with respect to an unknown coefficient of hydraulic resistance by applying the method of differentiation by parameter. The solution of the resulting Cauchy problem is determined by the finite difference method. Based on the proposed computational algorithm, numerical experiments were carried out for model data. Keywords: gas lift; two-phase flow; hydraulic resistance coefficient; parameter differentiation method; finite difference method.
Well design development for multilayer horizons for the simultaneous separate operation by one well
Authors:   Scientific-Research Institute of Natural Gas, SC «Turkmengaz», Ashgabat, Turkmenistan, Deryaev A. R.
Published: January 2023

The positive effects of applying the technology for simultaneous separate operation (hereinafter referred to as SSO) include the reduction in capital investments for the construction of wells for each of the operational facilities, the cutback of operating costs and the development period of a multi-layer horizon, the increase in hydrocarbon production and the final oil recovery period from profitable operation of wells. In addition, the use of this technology contributes to increasing the utilization rate of downhole equipment and enhancing the reliability of the downhole device. The simultaneous separate operation technology is economically efficient due to the production of additional oil, a high profitability index and a low payback period. Keywords: azimuth, zenith angle; off-vertical; well profile; doublelift tubing; liner filter; packers; valves.
Performance coefficient and determination of the output parameters of a three-phase two-stroke electromagnetic vibrometer
Authors:   «Azerishig» LLC, Baku, Azerbaijan, Yusifov R. A.
Published: January 2023

Determination of the optimal parameters of a three-phase two-stroke electromagnetic vibrometer of low-frequency mechanical vibrations based on a theoretical-chain model has been considered. Dependences of output power and performance coefficient are obtained to ensure effective vibration impact on heavy objects. The results obtained can be used in the optimal design of the vibrator design. Keywords: electromagnetic vibration; efficiency; circuittheoretic model; output power; vibration exciter.
Sress-strain analysis and optimization of the geometric shape of cylindrical oilfield reservoirs
Authors:   «OilGasScientificResearchProject» Institute, SOCAR, Baku, Azerbaijan, Hasanov F. G.
Published: January 2023

The paper sets forth an approach for calculating and optimizing the geometric shape, taking into account the physical nonlinearities of the material of oilfield reservoirs and the end conditions of supports. An effective calculation technique based on finite difference methods has been developed. On the basis of the developed methods, a computational algorithm was created, a set of applied programs was compiled. An analysis of the calculation results based on the developed computational technique showed that the solution of the problems of determining the stress-strain behavior of shells must be carried out taking into account the physical nonlinearity. The influence of various factors on the stress-strain behavior of the reservoir was found out. A general method for the linearization of a thin structure with changeable geometric parameters is proposed, which has accelerated convergence. Based on the results of the calculations, concrete formulas and diagrams have been compiled that can be used in engineering practice. Keywords: shell; cylindrical oilfield reservoir; nonlinear model; finite difference method.
Laboratory methods for the analysis of key indicators of the purity of amino solutions
Authors:   Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Ufa, Russia, Ahiyarov R. J. , Denisov R. S. ,   Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Ufa, Russia, Solovyev R. А. ,   Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Ufa, Russia
Published: January 2023

At present, for the purification of gases from sulfur compounds, amine solutions are mainly used, which become contaminated during operation, which entails a number of technological problems. We have chosen a list of key indicators characterizing the degree of contamination of solutions, which consists of the concentration of thermostable salts, the mass fraction of chlorine ions, the mass fraction of iron and nickel, and foaming solutions. The article presents a multiple description and essence of methods for determining the indicators of the degree of contamination of solutions. For testing, 10 regenerated MDEA and MEA solutions were selected. For each value obtained, the limit of the total error and the allowable interval of the value were calculated to determine the convergence and adequacy of the measurements. All values fall within the allowable interval, taking into account the characteristic error of MI, which indicates the reliability and expediency of using these methods. Keywords: methylethanolamine; methyldiethanolamine; thermostable salts; corrosion; electrical conductivity; foaming; cleaning; activated carbon; ion-exchange resin.
Implementation of a unified system for control and management of frac production during the planning-production stages, as a factor in improving the quality of field development
Authors:   «Tetakom» LLC, Ufa, Russia, Sitdikov M. R. , Sharifullin A. R. ,   Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Ufa, Russia
Published: January 2023

Currently, various innovative technological approaches are used to develop deposits of hard-to-recover oil and gas reserves. To increase the efficiency of these activities, software products for the design of remedial operations can help. Hydraulic Fracturing Simulator (HFS) is an essential tool for developing hard-to-recover reserves and shale reservoirs. The hydraulic fracturing simulator makes the process of oil production in complex geological conditions safer and more efficient. There is a human factor in decision making in the endless iterative process at all stages of hydraulic fracturing application, which should be taken into account in software development. Foreign IT-solutions for modeling of geological and engineering operations (GEO) are considered to be the benchmark in the Russian market. However, there are promising domestic import-substituting developments, and one of such solutions is modeling software «Fractal», created in Ufa by «Tetaсom». Keywords: hydraulic fracturing (fracking); frac design; mini-fracturing; fracture conductivity; proppant; modeling.
Enhanced oil recovery method for highly viscous oil reservoirs based on in-situ modification of physico-chemical properties
Authors:   «OilGasScientificResearchProject» Institute, SOCAR, Baku, Azerbaijan, Veliyev E. F. ,   Composite Materials Scientific Research Center, Azerbaijan Sate University of Economics (UNEC), Baku, Azerbaijan, Askerov V. M. ,   «OilGasScientificResearchProject» Institute, SOCAR, Baku, Azerbaijan, Aliyev A. A. ,   «OilGasScientificResearchProject» Institute, SOCAR, Baku, Azerbaijan
Published: January 2023

The demand for hydrocarbons has grown substantially over the past decades and continues to do so. Thus, according to OPEC, the oil demand is expected to increase by 16.4 million barrels per day up to 2040, whereby, if in 2021 the daily hydrocarbon consumption was 99.2 mln barrels per day, by 2040 this figure will rise to 109.4 mln barrels per day. Researchers are of course trying to cope with the increasing demand for hydrocarbon energy carriers year on year by using increasingly innovative exploitation and development techniques. However, despite the prospects of these technologies, they do not entirely solve the problem. In this respect, improving the efficiency of heavy oil field development is the more realistic alternative. Today the most actual methods of heavy oil field development are the technologies aimed at in-situ modification of physical and chemical properties of oil. However, these methods still have a number of drawbacks that impede their wide commercial application. Keywords: heavy oil; enhanced oil recovery; in-situ combustion; thermal EOR; catalytic EOR.
The main approaches to the formation of a geographic information system to work with decarbonization ecosystems
Authors:   Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Ufa, Russia, Shagaliev R. D. , Belan L. N. ,   Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Ufa, Russia, Muftahina D. L. ,   Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Ufa, Russia, Suleymanov A. R. ,   Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Ufa, Russia
Published: January 2023

Global climate change has a great impact on ecosystems. For this reason, there is a need for modern research on greenhouse gases and organic carbon. For the effective use of the findings, it is advisable to accumulate scientific results in a unified place, where there will be operational access and the ability to work with the data. The article discusses approaches to the formation of a regional information system (digital platform) on the example of the Republic of Bashkortostan – one of the regions where scientific research is carried out in 2022 at the sites of specially protected natural areas and areas of the Eurasian carbon polygon (experimental research sites). The platform is designed to work with decarbonization ecosystems based on one of the existing geoinformation systems with distributed access and display of information coming from measuring systems and stored in databases. Keywords: geographic information system (GIS); digital platform; greenhouse gases; decarbonization; ecosystems.
Methods Of Cleaning And Sterilization
Authors:   Maze Engineers, Corscadden Louise , Singh Anjali
Published: January 2023

Microbiology, tissue culture, medical, equipment manufacturing labs, and many research labs and industries need strict sterile environments for their diverse operations. Experiments, specifically those involving cell lines or microorganisms need to be conducted in a controlled environment. Contamination not only voids experiments, but also wastes effort, time, and money and when involving patients, it poses serious health risks. It is essential to be well-versed in laboratory sterilization techniques.
Aplicación del uso de las tecnologías de información y comunicación (tic) como estrategia metodológica en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la lectoescritura en alumnos de primaria
Authors: Loza Cruz Jesús Alexander
Published: January 2023

La mayoría de los docentes consideran que enseñar a leer y escribir es uno de los procesos más complicados dentro de la enseñanza básica, por lo cual abundan los docentes que no desean enseñar en primer grado y esto se ve aún más en zonas rurales porque las dificultades aumentan, esto se debe porque los alumnos no están familiarizados con la lectura y la escritura, carecen de las herramientas necesarias que los acerque a estas. Ante esta problemática los docentes se encuentran desprovistos al tener una formación débil para enseñar la lectoescritura, al no tener oportunidades para la actualización o para reflexionar o compartir experiencias dentro del aula y poder encontrar soluciones a estas problemáticas y lograr que los alumnos aprendan mejor. Para abatir el “fracaso escolar” basado en el analfabetismo, las autoridades gubernamentales educativas han hecho propuestas hasta llegar a una reforma educativa nacional, en ella, el docente juega un papel fundamental, porque, es el que lleva a cabo el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje; por tal motivo, debe conocer y familiarizarse con las teorías y las metodologías de la lectoescritura con el propósito de aplicar aquellas que sean las más eficientes. De esta problemática “el fracaso escolar” surge el presente proyecto de investigación, en la Escuela Primaria “Adolfo López Mateos, ubicada en la localidad del Oriente, Tihuatlán, Ver., debido a la recurrencia en la que se ha presente este evento y hasta este momento no se ha podido dar solución.  Esta busca enfocarse en alumnos del primer grado, para que adquieran el proceso de lectoescritura y este no sea uno de los motivos por los cuales deserten de la institución, incorporando las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación (TIC), basándose en una didáctica analítica. Así, el presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo generar una didáctica pedagógica analítica en cuanto a cómo enseñar a leer y a escribir utilizando un taller reflexivo con dinámicas constructivistas, las TIC como eje principal para poder llevar a cabo su articulación en el aula, herramienta como el PowerPoint, genially, ardora, canva, PowToon son la base.  Así también, va enfocado hacia los futuros profesionales de la educación para que sea aplicado y compruebe su efectividad, con el objetivo de disminuir el índice analfabetismo y contribuir en la formación del individuo de la sociedad
GENETIC DIVERSITY IN TRADITIONAL LOCAL CULTIVAR OF JHUM RICE GENOTYPES OF BANGLADESH
Authors:   Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Jahan N. , Khan Y. , Dilzahan H. A. , Ahter R. , Mumin M. A. , Khan N. A.
Published: January 2023

The genetic diversity of seventeen indigenous jhum rice accessions collected from the BRRI gene bank was studied through Mahalanobis D2-statistics for grain yield and its contributing characters. The genotypes were grouped into three clusters. Cluster III contained the highest number of genotypes (10), while clusters I and II contained five and two genotypes, respectively. The highest inter-cluster distance was observed between clusters II and III (14.408) and the lowest between clusters I and II(5.9). Genotypes of cluster III showed high genetic distances from all other clusters in terms of inter-cluster distance. The highest cluster means for number of effective tillers (11.34), longest panicle (25.41 cm), high panicle weight (3.45 g), grain per panicle, total spikelets per panicle, and grain yield were obtained from cluster II, whereas the lowest mean values for yield, plant height and grain breadth were found in cluster III. Cluster I contained the genotypes producing comparatively taller and earl maturing genotypes. Therefore, genotypes under cluster III and cluster I have enough potentiality to be used for backcrossing or as parents in a breeding program to produce desired recombinants with early maturity and high yield specific to jhum cultivating areas in Bangladesh.
VERGİ YARGILAMASI BAKIMINDAN GEREKÇELİ KARAR HAKKI
Authors: GÜMÜŞKAYA Gamze
Published: January 2023

Mahkeme kararlarının gerekçeli olması zorunluluğu, T.C. 1982

Anayasası’nda herhangi bir istisna getirilmeksizin hükme bağlanmıştır.

Bu bağlamda gerekçeli karar hakkı, mutlak bir nitelik taşımaktadır.

Vergi yargılamasının ayırıcı özellikleri dikkate alındığında vergi

yargılaması bakımından gerekçeli karar hakkının anlam ve kapsamının

ayrıca incelenmesi gerektiği düşünülmektedir. Vergi idaresinin hukuka

ve gerçeğe uygun bir vergilendirme işlemi yürütebilmesi için yargı

kararlarının doğru anlaşılıp uygulanması önemlidir. Bunun yanında

vergilendirmenin vergi ödevlilerinin mülkiyet hakkı başta olmak üzere

birtakım temel hak ve özgürlüklerine doğrudan bir müdahale niteliği

taşıması, bu müdahalelerin öngörülebilir olmasını gerektirmektedir.

Yargı kararlarının öngörülebilirliği ise yeterli ve makul bir gerekçeyle

açıklanması ile sağlanabilecektir. Öte yandan vergi yargılamasına

ilişkin olarak kamu hukuku kapsamında diğer bir yargı disiplini olan

ceza yargılamasında verilen mahkûmiyet kararlarından farklı olarak

gerekçenin kapsamı konusunda doyurucu bir yasal düzenleme yer

almamaktadır. Bu itibarla çalışmada, söz konusu hakkın anlam ve

kapsamına ilişkin olarak T.C. Anayasa Mahkemesinin bireysel başvuru

kararları başta olmak üzere ilgili yargı kararları incelenmekte ve konuya

ilişkin görüş ve değerlendirmelerimize yer verilmektedir.
Risk of hospitalised bronchiectasis exacerbation based on blood eosinophil counts
Authors: Kwok W. C. , Ho J. C. M. , Ma T. F. , Lam D. C. L. , Chan J. W. M. , Ip M. , Tam T. C. C.
Published: January 2023

SETTING: There has been growing recognition on the importance of phenotyping of airway diseases. The eosinophilic phenotype was proposed in bronchiectasis; however, there has not been any evidence on its association with the risk of hospitalised bronchiectasis exacerbations.OBJECTIVE:
To investigate the association between baseline blood eosinophil count (BEC) and bronchiectasis exacerbations requiring hospitalisation with validation by an independent cohort.DESIGN: This was a retrospective cohort study.RESULTS: Over a 24-month period, 37/318 (11.6%)
study participants experienced an exacerbation requiring hospitalisation. The mean baseline serum eosinophil was 135 ± 92 cells/µL in those who had exacerbations, and 188 ± 161 cells/µL in those who did not. A serum eosinophil level of 250 cells/µL at stable
state was the most significant cut-off for predicting hospitalised bronchiectasis exacerbation, which was validated by the independent cohort.CONCLUSIONS: Patients with BEC below 250 cells/µL at stable state are at increased risk of having hospitalised bronchiectasis exacerbations.
Gastrointestinal complaints in runners and their relationship to diets
Authors: Swora-Cwynar Ewelina , Marciniak Martyna , Podulka Dominika , Dobrowolska Agnieszka
Published: January 2023

Background: Thesis: Runners are at risk of developing gastrointestinal complaints, dietary factors affect the occurrence of gastrointestinal symptoms.
Objectives:
1. To examine the extent to which gastrointestinal ailments affect runners.
2. To indicate the type and timing of gastrointestinal complaints.
3. To determine whether the fact of the occurrence of gastrointestinal complaints is associated with the dietary behavior of these athletes.
Material and methods: The study involved 67 runners including 47 women and 20 men from amateur running groups from several cities in Poland. To conduct the study, a proprietary questionnaire was created and made available at each group with the permission of the administrator.
The results obtained on a quantitative scale are presented in descriptive form along with the percentages. Statistical analysis was performed using STATISTICA, and the significance of the results was assumed at p<0.05.
Results: Among runners of all running groups from different cities in Poland, 61% reported experiencing at least one gastrointestinal complaint. Lower gastrointestinal complaints were the most common, with the highest prevalence for diarrhea - 27%. Problems occurred mainly during the run. Women were shown to be at a higher risk of experiencing ailments compared to men - 83%, 17%.
Conclusions:
1. surveyed runners, especially women, experience gastrointestinal symptoms,
2. Among the respondents, complaints occurred from the lower gastrointestinal tract and included: diarrhea (27%), increased urge to stool, gas, flatulence, abdominal pain, intestinal cramps, constipation and colic, as well as the upper gastrointestinal tract: nausea, heartburn, burping on an empty stomach, regurgitation, reflux. Most symptoms occur during running.
3 No significant correlations were found between dietary behavior and the occurrence of gastrointestinal complaints in runners.
Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) of bone in sport
Authors: Glinkowski Wojciech M.
Published: January 2023

Background. The quantitative examination of bone tissue is primarily associated with the diagnosis of osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is rarely suspected among athletes, usually young, active, and generally healthy. Quantitative research of bone tissue related to the sport has a preventive dimension. Increasing the parameters of bone tissue strength, especially reaching the maximum value of peak bone strength in childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood due to practicing sports can contribute to maintaining bone health throughout life. The study was designed to review and narratively analyze the impact of sports activity on bone mass using quantitative ultrasound bone assessment.
Material and methods. Extensive electronic research has been conducted to identify scientific papers using ultrasonic methods to evaluate bones in sports. The study was conducted using the PRISMA method (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses). Searching and downloading articles were done electronically. The narrative strategy of the review was implemented step by step.
Results. Five hundred and twenty-nine results were identified. After reading the full texts, there are 12 articles left. Relevant articles were found in the references of selected articles and added to the analysis. Selected articles were selected to be presented in the results, and the rest were used for discussion. Higher bone density and strength are often found in active sporting groups compared to non-athlete peer groups. The influence of physical activity is observed, especially in strength or strength sports of both sexes. Football, dance, and martial arts such as karate and tai chi practice positively affect bone tissue. Such an impact is not noted in disciplines such as swimming and cycling.
Conclusions. Systematic and long-term sports behaviors affect not only the improvement of the condition of bone tissue but also the long-term maintenance of the achieved improvement in the condition of the skeleton. It remains open to determine which sports disciplines lead to the most noticeable improvement in the condition of the ultrasound-examined bone. Further studies using non-invasive methods of bone quantification are needed to determine the specific conditions for the prevention of osteoporosis through physical activity and sport, in particular, the duration of the activity, the size of loads, and other factors related to practicing sports.
Selection of stably expressed internal control genes in circulating polymorphoneutrophils of periparturient Sahiwal (Bos indicus) cows
Authors: MUKESH MANISHI , KISHORE AMIT , SHARMA ANKITA , TANTIA M S , KATARIA R S , MOHANTY A K , SODHI MONIKA
Published: January 2023

Around parturition, animal undergoes a state of immune-suppression and become more susceptible to pathogens. This study was aimed to identify appropriate internal control genes (ICG) for transcriptional studies in polymorphoneutrophils (PMN)of Sahiwal (Bos indicus) cows during the periparturient period. The study involved 4 periparturient Sahiwal cows (–21 days to 0 day to +21 days relative to parturition) and 10 known internal control genes (ICG)from different functional classes. ForqPCR reaction following conditions were employed: 2 min at 50°C, 10 min at 95 °C, 40 cycles of 15 s at 95 °C (denaturation) and 1 min at 60°C (annealing + extension).To measure the transcript stability of 10 ICG genes, threesoftwareprogrammes;geNorm, Normfinder and BestKeeper were used. All the genes showed acceptable expression stability as per the recommended threshold values. The geNorm analysis showed RPS9, RPS15A and RPS23 genes to be most stably expressed while HMBS and HPRT1 showed least stability.The expression stability for all the 10 ICG were within the acceptable range (M value <1.5).The pair wise variation analysis recommended the use of RPS9, RPS15Agenes for normalization. The geNorm and Normfinder identified same set of most and least stable genes. BestKeeper analysis identified ACTB, RPS9/ B2M,RPS23, RPS15A genes showing consistent expression while HMBS and HPRT1 showed relatively much higher variability. Our analysis identified RPS9, RPS15Aand ACTBgenesassuitable ICG to provide accurate normalization totranscriptional dataof PMN during the periparturient stages of Indian cows.
Effect of plant extracts as pre-storage seed treatment on storage fungi, germination percentage and seedling vigour of pea (Pisum sativum)
Authors: CHANDEL SUNITA , KUMAR VIJAY
Published: January 2023

Eleven plant extracts, viz. Allium sativum (garlic), Adhatoda vasica (malabar nut), Vitex negundo (horseshoe vitex), Melia azadirachta (chinaberry tree), Tagetes erecta (aztec marigold), Cannabis sativa (cannabis), Lantana camara (lantana), Mentha piperata (Pepper mint), Curcuma longa (turmeric), Zingiber officinale (ginger) and Allium cepa (onion) were evaluated for their efficacy against storage rot fungi, germination percentage and seedling vigour of pea. All the plant extracts significantly reduced the storage rot fungi, i.e. Aspergillus sp., Alternaria alternata, A.solani, Phoma sp and Fusarium spp.; increased seed germination and seedling vigour index of pea. Vitex negundo and Melia azadirachta found equally effective with minimum storage rot of 1.94%, while the maximum storage rot was observed in control (13.84%) where no seed treatment was done. Maximum seed germination (89.08%) was found in the seed stored in cloth bags, while in plastic bags seed germination found was 88.40 per cent. Maximum germination (96.41%) was recorded in the seed treated with Mentha piperata, followed by the Tagetes erecta with94.08 per cent seed germination. Maximum seedling length and dry matter was observed in Allium sativum treated seeds with 28.33 cm and 2.66 g. Maximum (2520) seedling vigour I was observed in Mentha piperata, similarly maximum (308) seedling vigour II was recorded in Mentha piperata. Minimum (2.37%) population of the mycoflora was obtained in seed treated with the Curcuma longa when stored in plastic boxes. Lowest (3.28%) mycoflora was observed in Vitex negundo treated seed when stored in cloth bags. Aspergillus sp. is the most frequently occurring fungi in storage of pea. Pea seeds developed less attack by storage fungi particularly with Alternaria alternata andA. solani while more association of Aspergillus spp., Phoma sp. and Fusarium spp. were observed with the seeds during storage period in different containers. However fewer microflora (16.40%) developed in cloth bags compared to plastic boxes (20.56%).
A 6-Week Time Period May not be Sufficient to Identify Potential Adverse Events Following COVID-19 Vaccination
Authors: Banoun Hélène , Provost Patrick
Published: January 2023

Background. Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines have been widely used as the main sanitary measure destined to fight the COVID-19 pandemic. Rapidly purported as being “safe and effective”, this new generation of vaccines is radically different from those developed traditionally and for which potentially associated adverse events (AEs) are considered through a standard 6-week post-vaccination period.
Hypothesis. Here, we posit that the reporting period for AEs related to the COVID-19 vaccines may need to be longer.
Method. In this retrospective, observational study, we aimed to assess the chronology of new/worsening ailments occurring after the administration of COVID-19 vaccines based on the changes to the participants’ pharmacological records. Patients vaccinated against COVID-19 and experiencing health-related events during the study period (between September 30, 2021 and July 15, 2022) were included and the changes to their pharmacological records were analyzed.
Results. One hundred and twelve (112) adult patients (63 men, 49 women; 67.54 ± 14.55 years-old; mean ± standard deviation) have reported changes to their pharmacological record following health-related events, which occurred 11.57 weeks (median; range 0.04-47.14) following their last COVID-19 injection of 3 doses (median; range 1-4). The most frequent medical ailments that appeared or worsened were cardiovascular diseases (CVD; N=61), cancer (N=31), respiratory diseases (RD; N=22) and zona (N=10), half of which occurred after the second dose. Nineteen (19) patients (10 men, 9 women; 78.2 ± 11.4 years-old) died on average 17.14 weeks (SD 13.71) after their last injection.
Conclusion. Most (76.1%) of the health-related events experienced by patients vaccinated against COVID-19 occurred beyond the 6-week period prescribed by the health authorities. Our findings call for further investigations and an extension of the post-vaccination AE reporting period.
El Papel Estratégico de América Latina en un Conflicto Global por Taiwán
Authors: Ellis Robert Evan
Published: January 2023

En este documento se examina el papel que podría desempeñar América Latina como objeto de las actividades militares chinas, en el contexto de una futura lucha por Taiwán con Estados Unidos y las potencias occidentales aliadas. En ese sentido, se sostiene que la orientación de los dirigentes de la República Popular China (RPC), su creciente poder militar, el aislamiento diplomático de Taiwán y otros factores hacen cada vez más posible un conflicto de este tipo. Por lo tanto, se considera que América Latina y el Caribe presentan objetivos estratégicos diplomáticos, económicos y militares que la RPC estará tentada de explotar en el contexto de dicha lucha, incluyendo arquitecturas digitales, el dominio espacial, puertos y aeródromos, entre otros aspectos.
Importancia del Desarrollo de la Resiliencia en el Personal Militar
Authors: Rodríguez Simón Jaime
Published: January 2023

En el Ejército del Perú, como en otras instituciones, se menciona constantemente el término resiliencia, entendida como la capacidad que tiene cada ser humano para recuperarse de situaciones complejas o peligrosas, y avanzar en búsqueda de resultados positivos. Los militares, dado su estilo de trabajo, están expuestos a constantes riesgos, los cuales pueden generarles daños físicos y mentales. Sin embargo, por su misma formación, el personal militar -normalmente- tiene la capacidad de superar estas adversidades, demostrando resiliencia. En ese sentido, en este artículo se analiza el concepto de resiliencia, así como los programas de desarrollo de resiliencia existentes en las Fuerzas Armadas de los Estados Unidos y del Reino Unido, a fin de comprender su importancia, alcance e impacto. Finalmente, se brindan algunas recomendaciones para la implementación de programas similares en el Ejército del Perú.
TWo-IN-one-SSE: Fast, Scalable and Storage-Efficient Searchable Symmetric Encryption for Conjunctive and Disjunctive Boolean Queries
Authors: Bag Arnab , Talapatra Debadrita , Rastogi Ayushi , Patranabis Sikhar , Mukhopadhyay Debdeep
Published: January 2023

Searchable Symmetric Encryption (SSE) supports efficient yet secure query processing over outsourced symmetrically encrypted databases without the need for decryption. A longstanding open question has been the following: can we design a fast, scalable, linear storage and low-leakage SSE scheme that efficiently supports arbitrary Boolean queries over encrypted databases? In this paper, we present the design, analysis and prototype implementation of the first SSE scheme that efficiently supports conjunctive, disjunctive and more general Boolean queries (in both the conjunctive and disjunctive normal forms) while scaling smoothly to extremely large encrypted databases, and while incurring linear storage overheads and supporting extremely fast query processing in practice. We quantify the leakage of our proposal via a rigorous cryptographic analysis and argue that it achieves security against a well-known class of leakage-abuse and volume analysis attacks. Finally, we demonstrate the storage-efficiency and scalability of our proposed scheme by presenting experimental results of a prototype implementation of our scheme over large real-world databases.
Identification of bioactive components behind the antimicrobial activity of cow urine by peptide and metabolite profiling
Authors: Kumar Rohit , Kaushik Jai Kumar , Mohanty Ashok Kumar , Kumar Sudarshan
Published: January 2023

Objective: Cow urine possesses several bioactive properties but the responsible components behind these bioactivities are still far from identified. In our study, we tried to identify the possible components behind the antimicrobial activity of cow urine by exploring the peptidome and metabolome.Methods: We extracted peptides from the urine of Sahiwal cows belonging to three different physiological states viz heifer, lactation, and pregnant, each group consisting of 10 different animals. The peptides were extracted using the solid phase extraction technique followed by further extraction using ethyl acetate. The antimicrobial activity of the aqueous extract was evaluated against different pathogenic strains like Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus agalactiae. The safety of urinary aqueous extract was evaluated by hemolysis and cytotoxicity assay on the BuMEC cell line. The urinary peptides were further fractionated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to identify the fraction(s) containing the antimicrobial activity. The HPLC fractions and ethyl acetate extract were analyzed using nLC-MS/MS for the identification of the peptides and metabolites.Results: A total of three fractions were identified with antimicrobial activity, and nLC-MS/MS analysis of fractions resulted in the identification of 511 sequences. While 46 compounds were identified in the metabolite profiling of organic extract. The urinary aqueous extract showed significant activity against E. coli as compared to S. aureus and S. agalactiae and was relatively safe against mammalian cells.Conclusion: The antimicrobial activity of cow urine is a consequence of the feeding habit. The metabolites of plant origin with several bioactivities are eliminated through urine and are responsible for their antimicrobial nature. Secondly, the plethora of peptides generated from the activity of endogenous proteases on protein shed from different parts of tissues also find their way to urine. Some of these sequences possess antimicrobial activity due to their amino acid composition.
Improving productivity in rabbits by using some natural feed additives under hot environmental conditions — A review
Authors: Abdelsalam Magdy , Fathi Moataz
Published: January 2023

Heat stress is a major challenge to animal production in tropical and subtropical climates. Rabbits suffer from heat stress more than farm animals because they have few sweat glands, and their bodies are covered with thick fur. Intensive farming relies on antibiotics as antimicrobials or growth promoters to increase animals' productivity and health. However, the European Union and many countries have banned or restricted the use of antibiotics in animal feed for human health concerns. Several studies have found that replacing antibiotics in rabbit feed with natural plants or feed additives increases productivity and improves immune capacity, especially under heat stress conditions. Growth performance, immune response, gut microflora, and carcass yield may be increased in rabbits fed a diet supplemented with some natural plants and/or propolis. In this review article, we discuss and summarize the effects of some herbs and plant extracts as alternative feed additives on rabbit productivity, especially for those raised under hot ambient temperatures.
Characterization of clutch traits and egg production in six chicken breeds
Authors: Shi Lei , Li Yunlei , Isa Adam Mani , Ma Hui , Yuan Jingwei , Wang Panlin , Ge Pingzhuang , Gong Yanzhang , Chen Jilan , Sun Yanyan
Published: January 2023

Objective: The better understanding of laying pattern of birds is crucial for developing breed-specific proper breeding scheme and management.Methods: Daily egg production until 50 wk of age of six chicken breeds including one layer (White Leghorn, WL), three dual-purpose (Rhode Island Red, RIR; Columbian Plymouth Rock, CR; and Barred Plymouth Rock, BR), one synthetic dwarf (DY), and one indigenous (Beijing-You Chicken, BYC) were used to characterize their clutch traits and egg production. The age at first egg, egg number, average and maximum clutch length, pause length, and number of clutches and pauses were calculated accordingly.Results: The egg number and average clutch length in WL, RIR, CR, and BR were higher than those in DY and BYC (p<0.01). The numbers of clutches and pauses, and pause length in WL, RIR, CR, and BR were lower than those in DY and BYC (p<0.01). The coefficient variations of clutch length in WL, RIR, CR, and BR (57.66%, 66.49%, 64.22%, and 55.35%, respectively) were higher than DY (41.84%) and BYC (36.29%), while the coefficient variations of egg number in WL, RIR, CR, and BR (9.10%, 9.97%, 10.82%, and 9.92%) were lower than DY (15.84%) and BYC (16.85%). The clutch length was positively correlated with egg number (r = 0.51 to 0.66; p<0.01), but not correlated with age at first egg in all breeds.Conclusion: The six breeds showed significant different clutch and egg production traits. Due to the selection history, the high and median productive layer breeds had higher clutch length than those of the less productive indigenous BYC. The clutch length is a proper selection criterion for further progress in egg production. The age at first egg, which is independent of clutch traits, is especially encouraged to be improved by selection in the BYC breed.
Prediction of total digestible nutrient and crude protein requirements according to daily weight gain, and behavioral measurements of Hanwoo heifers
Authors: Kim Ju Ri , Woo Jun Sik , Baek Youl Chang , Jang Sun Sik , Park Keun Kyu
Published: January 2023

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of energy and protein levels in the diet of Hanwoo heifers on growth response and animal behavior.Methods: Forty heifers were randomly allocated into three experimental groups according to the target daily weight gain in 8 pens (T-0.2, 2 replications; T-0.4 and -0.6, 3 replications) based on similar body weight (BW) and age in months. The target average daily gain (ADG) was set at 0.2 (T-0.2), 0.4 (T-0.4), and 0.6 kg/d (T-0.6), and feed was based on National Institute of Animal Science (NIAS, 2017). In order to minimize hunger stress of T-0.2 and -0.4, the feeding ratio of rice straw was set to 55%, 50%, and 45% for T-0.2, -0.4 and T-0.6, respectively, so that the dry matter (DM) intake for all treatment groups was uniform but the energy and protein levels in the diet were adjusted differently. A total of 6 items (lying, standing, eating, rumination, walking and drinking) of animal behavior were analyzed.Results: During the whole period of the experiment, the ADG of the T-0.2, -0.4 and -0.6 treatments were 0.48, 0.56, and 0.65 kg/d (p<0.05), respectively, showing higher gain than the predicted value, especially for the low target ADG group. Based on these results, regression equations for the total digestible nutrient (TDN) and crude protein (CP) requirements were derived. No behavioral differences were found according to the energy and protein levels in the diet because the DM intake was kept constant by adjusting the roughage and concentration ratio. However, eating time was longer (p<0.05) at T-0.2 than T-0.6 during the whole day.Conclusion: Through this study, it was possible to derive regression equations for predicting TDN and CP requirements according to the target ADG and BW.
Innovations in the intra-articular therapeutic management of osteoarticular pain
Authors: Migliore Alberto , Kowalska Agata Helena , Baldari Angelo , Sorbino Andrea , Franceschi Francesco
Published: January 2023

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic condition affecting millions of people worldwide. Pain and loss of mobility are the main symptoms of OA. Current treatments for OA include non-pharmacological, pharmacological and surgical approaches. Among the pharmacological treatments, intra-articular (IA) therapy is usually offered when systemic oral medication does not provide satisfactory pain relief. The agents most widely used in IA therapy are corticosteroids and hyaluronic acid (HA) preparations. Now, however, multiple novel IA treatments are emerging on the market and their clinical effectiveness is promising. The innovative therapies for OA include new HA preparations such as HYADD® 4 and hybrid association of high and low molecular weight HA (HL-HA). The evidence for the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is increasing, even though unanswered questions remain. Moreover, there are new therapies combining HA with other agents: PRP, polyols (mannitol or sorbitol), chondroitin, or polynucleotides; and all have been trialled with positive results. Novel IA agents proposed for treating OA include clodronate, collagen and mesenchymal stem cell therapy. Finally, further aspects of IA therapy to consider are new drug delivery systems, cost-effectiveness for pain reduction, and appropriate choice of therapy for the phenotype and stage of OA.
Land-Based Marine Pollution: An Emerging Threat to Bangladesh
Authors: Wahidul Alam Md.
Published: January 2023

Bangladesh is a densely populated coastal country in South Asia. The country has enormous resources in the coastal and marine environment of the northern Bay of Bengal. After the final settlement with India, Bangladesh has had an independent ocean boundary since 2014, but the country has no national policy to protect the environment from marine pollution. The chapter explores the applications of protection and prevention of the marine environment in Bangladesh from land-based marine pollution (LMP) as land-based sources have become the emerging threat to the Bay of Bengal in respect of marine pollution. Several relevant national laws and policies have been analyzed to examine the problems of LMP control in Bangladesh. This chapter also identifies the sources and effects of land-based pollutants, including the analysis of national activities, action plans, and management strategies to discover the challenges and gaps of the present regime for LMP control in Bangladesh. Finally, the chapter suggested a comprehensive approach to establishing national legislation to control LMP in Bangladesh by implementing the national and regional strategy.
The Risks of Microplastic Pollution in the Aquatic Ecosystem
Authors: Agbekpornu Paul , Kevudo Isaac
Published: January 2023

Microplastic pollution is a global issue that has a detrimental effect on the food chain in the marine ecosystem. They are found in their highest concentrations along coastal lines and within mid-ocean gyres. In marine environments, microplastics are a threat to marine organisms, as they are often in the same size range as prey and are mistaken as food. When ingested can have a deleterious range of effects on marine organisms, a process which may facilitate the transfer of chemical additives or hydrophobic waterborne pollutants to aquatic lives. In this chapter, we looked at the risk of microplastic pollution and its impact on marine organisms and humankind. The study shows that consumption of microplastics has led to ingestion of chemical toxins in aquatic fish, which leads to damage of digestive organs, choking of marine organisms, channel for the spread of microbes, and a reduction in growth and reproductive output. These threats increase the risk to aquatic fishes and human survival. Hence, the need to educate the public on the dangers of using products that pose an immediate and long-term threat to the marine ecosystem and the health of its organism, and the food we eat by marine scientists.
Perspective Chapter: Multi-Contact Humanoid Stability for Increased Interaction in Unstructured Environments
Authors: Dastangoo Parastoo , Ramirez-Serrano Alejandro
Published: January 2023

This paper presents a practical solution to the problem of multi-legged robot stability moving on unstructured 3D terrains using a multi-contact approach. The solution is based on a modified version of the contact wrench set method, which has been reformulated to utilize three arbitrary contact points representing the physics of contact between the robot and the environment. The new formulations are then used to test the stability of a life-size humanoid robot. The proposed method extends available formulations making the CWS tool suitable for a variety of terrains having various physical and geometrical characteristics including heterogenous coplanar (e.g., stairs and sloped terrain) and noncoplanar surfaces (e.g., gravel, sand, compliant terrains, etc.). The results provided by the new formulations are visualized using a graphical visualization tool, showing the adaptability of the proposed formulation in multi-contact locomotion. The results show that the proposed approach effectively quantifies the robot’s stability on a wide range of surfaces and environments, such as mines, industrial facilities, and urban search and rescue operations. Experimental tests on a life-size humanoid are also presented.