bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Imaging Minimal Bacteria at the Nanoscale: a Reliable and Versatile Process to Perform Single-Molecule Localization Microscopy in Mycoplasmas
Authors: Rideau Fabien , Villa Audrey , Belzanne Pauline , Verdier Emeline , Hosy Eric , Arfi Yonathan
Published: May 2022

Mycoplasmas are important models in biology, as well as highly problematic pathogens in the medical and veterinary fields. The very small sizes of these bacteria, well below a micron, limits the usefulness of traditional fluorescence imaging methods, as their resolution limit is similar to the dimensions of the cells.
Bacteriophage-Mediated Perturbation of Defined Bacterial Communities in an
In Vitro
Model of the Human Gut
Authors: Attai Hedieh , Wilde Jacob , Liu Roland , Chopyk Jessica , Garcia Andrew G. , Allen-Vercoe Emma , Pride David
Published: May 2022

Bacteriophages are relatively ubiquitous in the environment and are highly abundant in the human microbiome. Phages can be commonly transmitted between close contacts, but the impact that such transmissions may have on their bacteria counterparts in our microbiomes is unknown.
A Multicenter Comparison of Carbapenem-Nonsusceptible Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Rates in the US (2016 to 2020): Facility-Reported Rates versus Rates Based on Updated Clinical Laboratory and Standards Institute Breakpoints
Authors: Gupta Vikas , Yu Kalvin C. , Pogue Jason M. , Watts Janet A. , Clancy Cornelius J.
Published: May 2022

Clinicians often base antimicrobial therapeutic decisions on laboratory determinations of pathogen susceptibility to an antibiotic based on MIC breakpoints. MIC breakpoints evolve over time based on new information; between 2010 and 2012 the CLSI lowered carbapenem breakpoints for Enterobacterales and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
, and these were subsequently adopted by the US Food and Drug Administration.
Metatranscriptomics Unravel Composition, Drivers, and Functions of the Active Microorganisms in Light-Flavor Liquor Fermentation
Authors: Pan Yuanyuan , Wang Ying , Hao Wenjun , Duan Chengbao , Wang Shiyuan , Wei Jinwang , Liu Gang
Published: May 2022

There is an urgent need for discovering the diversity and functions of the active microbial community in solid-state fermentation, especially in the pit of Chinese distilled liquor fermentation. Although the genetic composition of the microbial community has been clarified frequently by DNA-based sequencing, the composition and functions of the active microbial community have not been systematically revealed so far.
Origin, Phylogeny, and Transmission of the Epidemic Clone ST208 of Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii on a Global Scale
Authors: Gao Yue , Li Henan , Chen Hongbin , Zhang Jiangang , Wang Ruobing , Wang Zhiren , Wang Hui
Published: May 2022

ST208 as one of the most prevalent lineages of CRAB has caused several difficult-to-treat infections and outbreaks around the world. However, few studies have focused on evaluating the genetic background differences of ST208
A. baumannii
isolated from very distant geographic regions.
Cardiolipin Biosynthesis Genes Are Not Required for
Salmonella enterica
Serovar Typhimurium Pathogenesis in C57BL/6J Mice
Authors: Cian Melina B. , Mettlach Joshua A. , Zahn Aaron E. , Giordano Nicole P. , Minor Keaton E. , McClelland Michael , Dalebroux Zachary D.
Published: May 2022

Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhimurium is a pathogenic Gram-negative bacterium that regulates the cardiolipin (CL) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) composition of the outer membrane (OM) during infection. Mitochondrial CL molecules activate the inflammasome and its effector caspase-1, which initiates an inflammatory process called pyroptosis.
Laboratory Evaluation of the DPP Syphilis Screen & Confirm Assay
Authors: Vargas Silver K. , Qquellon Jazmin , Vasquez Francesca , Konda Kelika A. , Calvo Gino , Reyes-Diaz Michael , Caceres Carlos , Klausner Jeffrey D.
Published: May 2022

Syphilis remains a public health problem; therefore, health systems must incorporate screening tools that allow a rapid and accurate diagnosis to provide adequate treatment. The DPP Syphilis Screen & Confirm Assay simultaneously detects treponemal and nontreponemal antibodies, emerging as an alternative for identifying cases in situations in which there is no infrastructure to perform conventional syphilis testing, but it is necessary to generate evidence regarding the performance of this technology in various scenarios.
Effectiveness of weight management interventions for adults delivered in primary care: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Madigan Claire D , Graham Henrietta E , Sturgiss Elizabeth , Kettle Victoria E , Gokal Kajal , Biddle Greg , Taylor Gemma M J , Daley Amanda J
Published: May 2022

Objective

To examine the effectiveness of behavioural weight management interventions for adults with obesity delivered in primary care.

Design

Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Eligibility criteria for selection of studies

Randomised controlled trials of behavioural weight management interventions for adults with a body mass index ≥25 delivered in primary care compared with no treatment, attention control, or minimal intervention and weight change at ≥12 months follow-up.

Data sources

Trials from a previous systematic review were extracted and the search completed using the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Medline, PubMed, and PsychINFO from 1 January 2018 to 19 August 2021.

Data extraction and synthesis

Two reviewers independently identified eligible studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Meta-analyses were conducted with random effects models, and a pooled mean difference for both weight (kg) and waist circumference (cm) were calculated.

Main outcome measures

Primary outcome was weight change from baseline to 12 months. Secondary outcome was weight change from baseline to ≥24 months. Change in waist circumference was assessed at 12 months.

Results

34 trials were included: 14 were additional, from a previous review. 27 trials (n=8000) were included in the primary outcome of weight change at 12 month follow-up. The mean difference between the intervention and comparator groups at 12 months was −2.3 kg (95% confidence interval −3.0 to −1.6 kg, I2=88%, P<0.001), favouring the intervention group. At ≥24 months (13 trials, n=5011) the mean difference in weight change was −1.8 kg (−2.8 to −0.8 kg, I2=88%, P<0.001) favouring the intervention. The mean difference in waist circumference (18 trials, n=5288) was −2.5 cm (−3.2 to −1.8 cm, I2=69%, P<0.001) in favour of the intervention at 12 months.

Conclusions

Behavioural weight management interventions for adults with obesity delivered in primary care are effective for weight loss and could be offered to members of the public.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO CRD42021275529.
Randomised controlled trial of a behaviour change physiotherapy intervention to increase physical activity following hip and knee replacement: the PEP-TALK trial
Authors: Smith Toby O , Parsons Scott , Ooms Alexander , Dutton Susan , Fordham Beth , Garrett Angela , Hing Caroline , Lamb Sarah
Published: May 2022

Objective

To test the effectiveness of a behaviour change physiotherapy intervention to increase physical activity compared with usual rehabilitation after total hip replacement (THR) or total knee replacement (TKR).

Design

Multicentre, pragmatic, two-arm, open, randomised controlled, superiority trial.

Setting

National Health Service providers in nine English hospitals.

Participants

224 individuals aged ≥18 years, undergoing a primary THR or TKR deemed ‘moderately inactive’ or ‘inactive’.

Intervention

Participants received either six, 30 min, weekly, group-based exercise sessions (usual care) or the same six weekly, group-based, exercise sessions each preceded by a 30 min cognitive behaviour discussion group aimed at challenging barriers to physical inactivity following surgery (experimental).

Randomisation and blinding

Initial 75 participants were randomised 1:1 before changing the allocation ratio to 2:1 (experimental:usual care). Allocation was based on minimisation, stratifying on comorbidities, operation type and hospital. There was no blinding.

Main outcome measures

Primary: University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Activity Score at 12 months. Secondary: 6 and 12-month assessed function, pain, self-efficacy, kinesiophobia, psychological distress and quality of life.

Results

Of the 1254 participants assessed for eligibility, 224 were included (139 experimental: 85 usual care). Mean age was 68.4 years (SD: 8.7), 63% were women, 52% underwent TKR. There was no between-group difference in UCLA score (mean difference: −0.03 (95% CI −0.52 to 0.45, p=0.89)). There were no differences observed in any of the secondary outcomes at 6 or 12 months. There were no important adverse events in either group. The COVID-19 pandemic contributed to the reduced intended sample size (target 260) and reduced intervention compliance.

Conclusions

There is no evidence to suggest attending usual care physiotherapy sessions plus a group-based behaviour change intervention differs to attending usual care physiotherapy alone. As the trial could not reach its intended sample size, nor a proportion of participants receive their intended rehabilitation, this should be interpreted with caution.

Trial registration number

ISRCTN29770908.
Clinical profile and outcome of recurrent infective endocarditis
Authors: Citro Rodolfo , Chan Kwan-Leung , Miglioranza Marcelo Haertel , Laroche Cécile , Benvenga Rossella Maria , Furnaz Shumaila , Magne Julien , Olmos Carmen , Paelinck Bernard P. , Pasquet Agnès , Piper Cornelia , Salsano Antonio , Savouré Arnaud , Park Seung Woo , Szymański Piotr , Tattevin Pierre , Vallejo Camazon Nuria , Lancellotti Patrizio , Habib Gilbert
Published: May 2022

Aims

Purpose of this study is to compare the clinical course and outcome of patients with recurrent versus first-episode infective endocarditis (IE).

Methods

Patients with recurrent and first-episode IE enrolled in the EUROpean ENDOcarditis (EURO-ENDO) registry including 156 centres were identified and compared using propensity score matching. Recurrent IE was classified as relapse when IE occurred ≤6 months after a previous episode or reinfection when IE occurred >6 months after the prior episode.

Results

3106 patients were enrolled: 2839 (91.4%) patients with first-episode IE (mean age 59.4 (±18.1); 68.3% male) and 267 (8.6%) patients with recurrent IE (mean age 58.1 (±17.7); 74.9% male). Among patients with recurrent IE, 13.2% were intravenous drug users (IVDUs), 66.4% had a repaired or replaced valve with the tricuspid valve being more frequently involved compared with patients with first-episode IE (20.3% vs 14.1%; p=0.012). In patients with a first episode of IE, the aortic valve was more frequently involved (45.6% vs 39.5%; p=0.061). Recurrent relapse and reinfection were 20.6% and 79.4%, respectively.Staphylococcus aureuswas the microorganism most frequently observed in both groups (p=0.207). There were no differences in in-hospital and post-hospitalisation mortality between recurrent and first-episode IE. In patients with recurrent IE, in-hospital mortality was higher in IVDU patients. Independent predictors of poorer in-hospital and 1-year outcome, including the occurrence of cardiogenic and septic shock, valvular disease severity and failure to undertake surgery when indicated, were similar for recurrent and first-episode IE.

Conclusions

In-hospital and 1-year mortality was similar in patients with recurrent and first-episode IE who shared similar predictors of poor outcome.
Entanglement, inelastic scattering of particles and measurement problem in quantum mechanics
Authors: Melkikh Alexey V.
Published: May 2022

In this paper, a constructive definition of entanglement for nonidentical particles is given. It is shown that particles arising in the process of inelastic scattering are entangled with each other. This property is a consequence of the symmetry of fundamental interactions. Considering detectors of elementary particles, it was concluded that only inelastic scattering can be the basis of a measuring instrument. In the process of inelastic scattering, the measuring instrument can acquire information about the particle (system), while in the case of elastic scattering, it cannot. The nonlinearity of inelastic scattering naturally solves the measurement problem in quantum mechanics.
On the lump solutions, breather waves, two-wave solutions of (2 + 1)-dimensional Pavlov equation and stability analysis
Authors: Younas Usman , Ren Jingli , Sulaiman T. A. , Bilal Muhammad , Yusuf A.
Published: May 2022

Hirota’s bilinear method (HBM) has been successfully applied to the [Formula: see text]-dimensional Pavlov equation to analyze the different wave structures in this paper. The [Formula: see text]-dimensional Pavlov equation is used for the study of integrated hydrodynamic chains and Einstein–Weyl manifolds. In our research, we find new solutions in the forms of lump solutions, breather waves, and two-wave solutions. The modulation instability (MI) of the governing model is also discussed. Moreover, a variety of 3D, 2D, and contour profiles are used to illustrate the physical behavior of the reported results. Acquired findings are useful in understanding nonlinear science and its related nonlinear higher-dimensional wave fields. Through the use of Mathematica, the obtained results are verified by inserting them into the governing equation. The strengthening of representative calculations we’ve made gives us a strong and effective mathematical framework for dealing with the most difficult nonlinear wave problems.
Hierarchical Multi-agent System for Sleep Stages Classification
Authors: Amor Yasmine , Rejeb Lilia , Ferjeni Rahma , Ben Said Lamjed , Ben Cheikh Mohamed Ridha
Published: May 2022

Sleep is a fundamental restorative process for human mental and physical health. Considering the risks that sleep disorders can present, sleep analysis is considered as a primordial task to identify the different abnormalities. Sleep scoring is the gold standard for human sleep analysis. The manual sleep scoring task is considered exhausting, subjective, time-consuming and error prone. Moreover, sleep scoring is based on fixed epoch lengths usually of 30 seconds, which leads to an information loss problem. In this paper, we propose an automatic unsupervised sleep scoring model. The aim of our work is to consider different epoch’s durations to classify sleep stages. Therefore, we developed a model based on Hierarchical Multi-Agent Systems (HMASs) that presents different layers where each layer contains a number of adaptive agents working with a specific time epoch. The effectiveness of our approach was investigated using real electroencephalography (EEG) data. Good results were reached according to a comparative study realized with the often used machine learning techniques for sleep stages classification problems.
An Approach Using E-Khool User Log Data for E-Learning Recommendation System
Authors: Vijaya P. , Selvi M.
Published: May 2022

The personalised learning is growing rapidly with the help of mobile and online technology. The e-learning recommendation scheme provides the suggestion concerning the courses to the students from numerous countries without past information of the courses online. The accuracy is an important issue in the e-learning course recommendation method. Hence, in this paper, Fuzzy-c-means clustering (FCM) and collaborative filtering are applied in the E-Khool user log data for effective e-learning recommendation system. The training phase and testing phase are the two phases of the devised method. During training, the relationship among the data in clustering is determined using the weighted cosine similarity and the data clustering is carried out with the help of FCM. During testing, the rating of the course is calculated using collaborative filtering. At last, the deep RNN classifier is used to evaluate prediction measure of the course recommendation. The devised e-learning recommendation method based on FCM and collaborative filtering offered a higher accuracy of 0.97 and less mean square error of 0.00115, respectively.
Reliability of three-dimensional motion analysis during single-leg side drop landing test after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: An in vivo motion analysis study
Authors: Pang Johnson Chun Yiu , Tsang Rachel Suet Wai
Published: May 2022

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is a common sport injury and investigation of landing biomechanics is helpful in injury prevention and rehabilitation. Recent study found a lateral single-leg drop landing test resulted in the highest peak knee valgus angle (PKVA), but its reliability on patients who received ACL reconstruction (ACLR) is unknown.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the reliability in both within and between days on the normalized vertical ground reaction force (NVGRF) and kinematics of lower limbs after receiving ACLR. The findings can form the cornerstone for further study related to lateral jumping-and-landing biomechanics in patients with ACLR.

Methods: This was a test-retest reliability study. Twelve patients (four females and eight males) who received ACLR with mean age of 29.4 (SD [Formula: see text] 1.66) were recruited. The subjects were instructed to jump laterally from 30[Formula: see text]cm height and landed with single-leg for five times. The procedure was conducted on both legs for comparison. The NVGRF and local maxima of the hip, knee and ankle angles during the first 100[Formula: see text]ms in all three planes were analyzed. The measurement was conducted by the same assessor to evaluate the within-session reliability, and the whole procedure was repeated one week later for the evaluation of the between-session reliability. Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) test was used to assess the within- and between-session reliability by ICC (3, 1) and ICC (3, K) respectively.

Results: The within-session reliability of NVGRF [ICC (3, 1)] was 0.899–0.936, and its between-session reliability [ICC (3, K)] was 0.947–0.923. Overall reliability for kinematics within-session [ICC (3, 1)] was 0.948–0.988, and the between-session reliability [ICC (3, K)] was 0.618–0.982, respectively. Good to excellent reliability for the lateral single-leg drop landing test was observed in most of the outcome measures for within- and between-session. The ICC value of NVGRF of ACLR leg was lower than that of the good leg in the within-session which may associate with lower neuromuscular control in ACLR leg than that of the good leg.

Conclusion: The results of this study support the use of a lateral single-leg drop landing test to evaluate lower limb biomechanics for ACLR.
Quantification of Magnetic Nanoparticles in ex vivo Colorectal Lymph Nodes
Authors: Molenaar Lennert , van de Loosdrecht Melissa M. Horstman , Alic Lejla , van Baarlen Joop , Meijerink Jeroen J. H. J. , Haken Bennie ten , Broeders Ivo A. M. J. , Lips Daan J.
Published: May 2022

En-bloc tumor resection is the standard treatment for locally advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). An extensive histopathological assessment is necessary to evaluate the metastatic spread and adjuvant therapy. Sentinel lymph node biopsy decreases the histopathological burden when only sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) are examined. This study aims to evaluate the spread of a magnetic tracer throughout the lymphatic system after ex vivo injection in en-bloc resected specimens of patients with CRC. To achieve this, lymph nodes (LNs) were quantified using a new magnetic detection method. Fifteen patients with CRC diagnosed with clinically negative LNs were included in this study and received 2–4 ex vivo magnetic tracer injections (total volume of 2[Formula: see text]mL). Magnetic sample series were acquired to create a look-up table for magnetic tracer quantification. In 80% of the patients, at least one magnetic LN was detected. A total of 33 LNs were marked as magnetic, containing an average of 8.1[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g iron. In 71% of the patients, metastases were found in nonmagnetic LNs. Ex vivo injection leads to sub-optimal tracer spread and therefore inaccurate diagnosis. This study presents a novel magnetic detection method to quantify magnetic tracer in lymph nodes. Detecting the SLNs in en-bloc resected specimens and involving only these LNs in histopathological investigation enable a decrease in healthcare costs or an increased diagnostic potential.
Mutual Aid as Disaster Response in NYC: Hurricane Sandy to COVID-19
Authors: Landau Laura
Published: May 2022

In the face of increasingly frequent climate crises, hazard and disaster studies, best practices stress the importance of social resilience and adaptation to changing conditions. Yet critical scholars remind us that the ability to adapt to change hinges on political and economic structures that create and contribute to existing social inequities, thus determining the amount and type of resources different communities can access in times of crisis. Traditional forms of aid from the state and elite funders can sometimes explicitly exclude those most in need of support based on citizen status or requirements around housing and substance use. Mutual aid, which is grounded in anarchist principles and strives to meet basic survival needs of people while delegitimizing harmful systems of injustice, presents an alternative way to understand and engage in disaster response. In New York City, mutual aid disaster responses were documented following Hurricane Sandy in the case of Occupy Sandy, an emergent network that grew from the organizing of Occupy Wall Street. In reaction to the COVID-19 pandemic, the practice of mutual aid received a new kind of global attention and acceptance into the mainstream. This commentary piece will provide a brief summary of mutual aid literature, followed by a case study of Occupy Sandy and an overview of the still evolving COVID-19 mutual aid practices in New York City and beyond. Finally, it will propose questions for further research in the context of the ongoing pandemic.
THE CHANGING NIGERIAN MARKETING ENVIRONMENT: AN ASSESSMENT OF CONSUMER BEHAVIOR, GOVERNMENT ROLE AND CRITICISMS
Authors: AYUBA BELLO
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this study is to examine how the changing Nigerian marketing environment affects consumer behavior with emphasis on the role of government and the criticisms that follow. A total of 323 questionnaires were distributed to the respondents cutting across consumers of various categories of products in the Nigerian manufacturing sector including employees and government officials of business regulatory agencies in the 36 States of the six geo-political zones of the Nigerian Federation including Abuja, the Federal Capital Territory. The study adopted simple random sampling technique to select the sample of the study. The study was analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square and multiple linear regression analysis and qualitative descriptive method to help in achieving the research objectives. The study revealed that changes brought about by the environment are caused by several macro-environmental factors such as economic, technological, socio-cultural, legal/political and international factors which have significant effect on consumers’ buying characteristics (social, cultural, personal and psychological) which subsequently affect consumers’ satisfaction and purchase decision. Economic and legal/political variables were found to exhibit the most significant impact while the technological variable exhibits the least impact.
The impact of work and life experience on learning: A conversation with Peter Smith
Authors: Hilbelink Amy J.
Published: May 2022

Oftentimes, when we consider the current, traditional higher education experience, we neglect to give thought to whether our institutions are providing the necessary resources to all learners. Are we truly helping those from under-served populations, or those who want to attend college, but can not find the time or money to attend? Are higher education institutions addressing these concerns, or are the traditional institutions leaving it to those who are outside of academia to figure it out? Who is best suited to helping learners learn? Peter Smith's newest book, "Stories from the Underground: The New Frontier for Learning and Work," tells a few of these stories.
Radial Basis Function Attention for Named Entity Recognition
Authors: Chen Jiusheng , Xu Xingkai , Zhang Xiaoyu
Published: May 2022

Attention mechanism is an increasingly important approach in the field of natural language processing (NLP). In the attention-based named entity recognition (NER) model, most attention mechanisms can calculate attention coefficient to express the importance of sentence semantic information but cannot adjust the position distribution of contextual feature vectors in the semantic space. To address this issue, a radial basis function attention (RBF-attention) layer is proposed to adaptively regulate the position distribution of sequence contextual feature vectors, which can minimize the relative distance of within-category named entities and maximize the relative distance of between-category named entities in the semantic space. The experimental results on CoNLL2003 English and MSRA Chinese NER datasets indicate that the proposed model performs better than other baseline approaches without relying on any external feature engineering.
Budget Distributed Support Vector Machine for Non-ID Federated Learning Scenarios
Authors: Navia-Vázquez A. , Díaz-Morales R. , Fernández-Díaz M.
Published: May 2022

In recent years, there has been remarkable growth in Federated Learning (FL) approaches because they have proven to be very effective in training large Machine Learning (ML) models and also serve to preserve data confidentiality, as recommended by the GDPR or other business confidentiality restrictions that may apply. Despite the success of FL, performance is greatly reduced when data is not distributed identically (non-ID) across participants, as local model updates tend to diverge from the optimal global solution and thus the model averaging procedure in the aggregator is less effective. Kernel methods such as Support Vector Machines (SVMs) have not seen an equivalent evolution in the area of privacy preserving edge computing because they suffer from inherent computational, privacy and scalability issues. Furthermore, non-linear SVMs do not naturally lead to federated schemes, since locally trained models cannot be passed to the aggregator because they reveal training data (they are built on Support Vectors), and the global model cannot be updated at every worker using gradient descent. In this article, we explore the use of a particular controlled complexity (“Budget”) Distributed SVM (BDSVM) in the FL scenario with non-ID data, which is the least favorable situation, but very common in practice. The proposed BDSVM algorithm is as follows: model weights are broadcasted to workers, which locally update some kernel Gram matrices computed according to a common architectural base and send them back to the aggregator, which finally combines them, updates the global model, and repeats the procedure until a convergence criterion is met. Experimental results using synthetic 2D datasets show that the proposed method can obtain maximal margin decision boundaries even when the data is non-ID distributed. Further experiments using real-world datasets with non-ID data distribution show that the proposed algorithm provides better performance with less communication requirements than a comparable Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) trained using FedAvg. The advantage is more remarkable for a larger number of edge devices. We have also demonstrated the robustness of the proposed method against information leakage, membership inference attacks, and situations with dropout or straggler participants. Finally, in experiments run on separate processes/machines interconnected via the cloud messaging service developed in the context of the EU-H2020 MUSKETEER project, BDSVM is able to train better models than FedAvg in about half the time.
Detecting Extreme Traffic Events Via a Context Augmented Graph Autoencoder
Authors: Hu Yue , Qu Ao , Work Dan
Published: May 2022

Accurate and timely detection of large events on urban transportation networks enables informed mobility management. This work tackles the problem of extreme event detection on large-scale transportation networks using origin-destination mobility data, which is now widely available. Such data is highly structured in time and space, but high dimensional and sparse. Current multivariate time series anomaly detection methods cannot fully address these challenges. To exploit the structure of mobility data, we formulate the event detection problem in a novel way, as detecting anomalies in a set of time-dependent directed weighted graphs. We further propose a
Context augmented Graph Autoencoder
(Con-GAE) model to solve the problem, which leverages graph embedding and context embedding techniques to capture the spatial and temporal patterns. Con-GAE adopts an autoencoder framework and detects anomalies via semi-supervised learning. The performance of the method is assessed on several city-scale travel-time datasets from Uber Movement, New York taxis, and Chicago taxis and compared to state-of-the-art approaches. The proposed Con-GAE can achieve an improvement in the area under the curve score as large as 0.15 over the second best method. We also discuss real-world traffic anomalies detected by Con-GAE.
Fracture, Friction, and Permeability of Ice
Authors: Schulson Erland M. , Renshaw Carl E.
Published: May 2022

Water ice Ih exhibits brittle behavior when rapidly loaded. Under tension, it fails via crack nucleation and propagation. Compressive failure is more complicated. Under low confinement, cracks slide and interact to form a frictional (Coulombic) fault. Under high confinement, frictional sliding is suppressed and adiabatic heating through crystallographic slip leads to the formation of a plastic fault. The coefficient of static friction increases with time under load, owing to creep of asperities in contact. The coefficient of kinetic (dynamic) friction, set by the ratio of asperity shear strength to hardness, increases with velocity at lower speeds and decreases at higher speeds as contacts melt through frictional heating. Microcracks, upon reaching a critical number density (which near the ductile-to-brittle transition is nearly constant above a certain strain rate), form a pathway for percolation. Additional work is needed on the effects of porosity and crack healing. ▪ An understanding of brittle failure is essential to better predict the integrity of the Arctic and Antarctic sea ice covers and the tectonic evolution of the icy crusts of Enceladus, Europa, and other extraterrestrial satellites. ▪ Fundamental to the brittle failure of ice is the initiation and propagation of microcracks, frictional sliding across crack faces, and localization of strain through both crack interaction and adiabatic heating.
Reckoning with the Rocky Relationship Between Eruption Size and Climate Response: Toward a Volcano-Climate Index
Authors: Schmidt Anja , Black Benjamin A.
Published: May 2022

Volcanic eruptions impact climate, subtly and profoundly. The size of an eruption is only loosely correlated with the severity of its climate effects, which can include changes in surface temperature, ozone levels, stratospheric dynamics, precipitation, and ocean circulation. We review the processes—in magma chambers, eruption columns, and the oceans, biosphere, and atmosphere—that mediate the climate response to an eruption. A complex relationship between eruption size, style, duration, and the subsequent severity of the climate response emerges. We advocate for a new, consistent metric, the Volcano-Climate Index, to categorize climate response to eruptions independent of eruption properties and spanning the full range of volcanic activity, from brief explosive eruptions to long-lasting flood basalts. A consistent metric for categorizing the climate response to eruptions that differ in size, style, and duration is critical for establishing the relationshipbetween the severity and the frequency of such responses aiding hazard assessments, and furthering understanding of volcanic impacts on climate on timescales of years to millions of years. ▪ We review the processes driving the rocky relationship between eruption size and climate response and propose a Volcano-Climate Index. ▪ Volcanic eruptions perturb Earth's climate on a range of timescales, with key open questions regarding how processes in the magmatic system, eruption column, and atmosphere shape the climate response to volcanism. ▪ A Volcano-Climate Index will provide information on the volcano-climate severity-frequency distribution, analogous to earthquake hazards. ▪ Understanding of the frequency of specific levels of volcanic climate effects will aid hazard assessments, planning, and mitigation of societal impacts.
Abnormal intestinal milieu in posttraumatic stress disorder is not impacted by treatment that improves symptoms
Authors: Voigt Robin M. , Zalta Alyson K. , Raeisi Shohreh , Zhang Lijuan , Brown J. Mark , Forsyth Christopher B. , Boley Randy A. , Held Philip , Pollack Mark H. , Keshavarzian Ali
Published: May 2022

This study confirms an abnormal intestinal environment is present in subjects with PTSD. This study adds to what is already known by examining the intestinal barrier and evaluating the relationship between intestinal readouts and PTSD symptoms and is the first to report the impact of PTSD treatment (which improves symptoms) on intestinal readouts. This study suggests that targeting the intestine as an adjunct approach could improve the treatment of PTSD.
Characterization of Meteorological Drought Using Monte Carlo Feature Selection and Steady‐State Probabilities
Authors: Niaz Rizwan , Tanveer Fahad , Almazah Mohammed M. A. , Hussain Ijaz , Alkhatib Soliman , Al-Razami A.Y.
Published: May 2022

Drought is a creeping phenomenon that slowly holds an area over time and can be continued for many years. The impacts of drought occurrences can affect communities and environments worldwide in several ways. Thus, assessment and monitoring of drought occurrences in a region are crucial for reducing its vulnerability to the negative impacts of drought. Therefore, comprehensive drought assessment techniques and methods are required to develop adaptive strategies that a region can undertake to reduce its vulnerability to drought substantially. For this purpose, this study proposes a new method known as a regional comprehensive assessment of meteorological drought (RCAMD). The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), and Standardized Precipitation and Temperature Index (SPTI) are jointly used for the development of the RCAMD. Further, the RCAMD employs Monte Carlo feature selection (MCFS) and steady‐state probabilities (SSPs) to comprehensively collect information from various stations and drought indices. Moreover, the RCAMD is validated on the six selected stations in the northern areas of Pakistan. The outcomes associated with the RCAMD provide a comprehensive regional assessment of meteorological drought and become the initial source for bringing more considerations to drought monitoring and early warning systems.
Study on Mechanical and Microscopic Properties of Fly Ash Cement‐Based Materials in High Geothermal Environment
Authors: Hu Yehong , Xie Wen , Zou Feng , Yang Jialei , Xi Tian , Li Ruijun , Wang Xin , Xu Xuefeng
Published: May 2022

Through simulating a hot and humid environment of high‐ground‐temperature tunnel and taking advantage of mechanics performance testing, differential thermal analysis (DTA) technology, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation technology, the macroscopic and microscopic properties of cement‐based materials and their performance improvement measures can be investigated. Also, the mechanism of improvement can be revealed from the perspective of the hydration degree and microstructure. The experimental results indicate that under the hot and humid environment of high ground temperature, adding fly ash could efficiently weaken the early high‐temperature curing effect of cement‐based materials, improving their physical properties. But the mechanical strengths of cement‐based materials go through a transformation from increase to decline with the rise of fly ash, appearing a maximum value in the process. Meanwhile, the differential thermal analysis and the microstructure analysis show that a hot and humid environment enhances the pozzolanic activity of fly ash and an appropriate ratio of fly ash could improve the microstructure of cement slurry, but when fly ash covers more than 30% of the mix of cement‐based materials, the quantity of the alkaline exciting agent, calcium hydroxide, is not enough to meet the needs of the active effect of fly ash and the hydration degree of fly ash becomes extremely low. Last, under a hot and humid environment of high ground temperature, fly ash saturation in cementing material should range from 20% to 30% in mass of total binder, which makes for long‐term performance of cement‐based materials.
A Case of Subacute Thyroiditis following COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Elawady Sameh Samir , Phuyal Diwakar , Shah Rakesh Kumar , Mirza Lubna
Published: May 2022

Background/Objective. Since the start of the pandemic, COVID-19 has been associated with several postinfection complications. Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is an inflammatory disorder of the thyroid that has been reported in the literature following COVID-19 infection. We report a case of SAT following COVID-19 infection. Case Report. A 33-year-old female presented with neck pain two weeks after resolution of COVID-19 infection. Her thyroid function tests together with ultrasonographic pictures were consistent with SAT. She was treated with three rounds of medrol dose pack without relief. She then required oral prednisone 40 mg per day and ibuprofen 800 mg once daily for another several weeks that eventually resulted in improvement of her symptoms. Discussion. SAT most commonly occurs in females during or after viral infection. The usual course of the disease is hyperthyroidism then hypothyroidism followed by resolution. SAT is clinically diagnosed by lab findings of decreased TSH in the setting of negative thyroid-stimulating and thyroid peroxidase antibodies. All these data are consistent with our case. Conclusion. SAT following COVID-19 infection presents with a similar clinical presentation and course as the classic form of SAT, but we should consider the fact that a high-dose corticosteroid treatment might be necessary for such patients.
Integral Inequalities of Integer and Fractional Orders for n–Polynomial Harmonically tgs–Convex Functions and Their Applications
Authors: Kashuri Artion , Sahoo Soubhagya Kumar , Kodamasingh Bibhakar , Tariq Muhammad , Hamoud Ahmed A. , Emadifar Homan , Hamasalh Faraidun K. , Mohammed Nedal M. , Khademi Masoumeh
Published: May 2022

The main objective of this article is to introduce the notion of n–polynomial harmonically tgs–convex function and study its algebraic properties. First, we use this notion to present new variants of the Hermite–Hadamard type inequality and related integral inequalities, as well as their fractional analogues. Further, we prove two interesting integral and fractional identities for differentiable mappings, and, using them as auxiliary results, some refinements of Hermite–Hadamard type integral inequalities for both classical and fractional versions are presented. Finally, in order to show the efficiency of our results, some applications for special means and error estimations are obtained as well.
Hybrid Novel Additive Manufacturing for Sustainable Usage of Waste
Authors: Devarajan Balaji , Bhuvaneswari V. , Arulmurugan B. , Narayana A. V. N. S. L. , Priya A. K. , Abbaraju V. D. N. Kumar , Mukunthan K. S. , Sharma Amit Kumar , Ting Sam Sung , Masi Chandran
Published: May 2022

Additive manufacturing (AM) encompasses many forms of technologies and materials as 3D printing is being used in almost all industries. The variety of materials used includes but is not limited to plastics, ceramics, resins, metals, sand, textiles, biomaterials, glass, and food. Currently, in 3D printing technology, the printing mode of direct writing forming is widely applied. The raw material used is ceramic powder, and the direct writing forming of the ceramic could be applied to various fields of materials, chemistry, chemical engineering, and the like. This work is aimed at printing the nanopowder of nonsegregated waste into conventional components. The work is related to a system for converting nonsegregated waste material into the synthesized dough, comprising of a chamber, an ultraviolet (UV) disinfectant unit, a shedder, and a storage unit. The nonsegregated waste material is stored inside the chamber which dispenses the nonsegregated waste material into the UV disinfectant unit; said UV disinfectant unit removes the harmful germs and water content in the nonsegregated waste material to form solid waste. The disinfected solid waste enters the shedder which powders the solid waste. The powdered solid waste is stored in the storage unit. The powdered solid waste is mixed with components in a mixer to form a synthesized dough. The synthesized dough as the printable source is sent to a 3D printer which prints desired final component. The hardness value obtained for the printed component is 70 Brinell hardness units.
Quantitative Evaluation of Extramural Vascular Invasion of Rectal Cancer by Dynamic Contrast‐Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Chen Zheng , Hu Da , Ye Guannan , Xu Dayong
Published: May 2022

This study was carried out to explore the preoperative predictive value of dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) in extramural vascular invasion (EMVI) in patients with rectal cancer. 124 patients with rectal cancer were randomly divided into two groups, with 62 groups in each group. One group used conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and was recorded as the control group. The other group used DCE‐MRI and was recorded as the experimental group. The diagnostic value was evaluated by comparing the MRI quantitative parameters of EMVI positive and EMVI negative patients, as well as the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), diagnostic sensitivity, and specificity of the two groups. The results showed that the Ktrans and Ve values of EMVI positive patients in the experimental group and the control group were 1.08 ± 0.97 and 1.03 ± 0.93, and 0.68 ± 0.29 and 0.65 ± 0.31, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in EMVI negative patients (P < 0.05). The AUC of EMVI diagnosis in the experimental group and the control group were 0.732 and 0.534 (P < 0.05), the sensitivity was 0.913 and 0.765 (P < 0.05), and the specificity was 0.798 and 0.756 (P > 0.05), respectively. In conclusion, DCE‐MRI has a higher diagnostic value than conventional MRI in predicting EMVI in patients with rectal cancer, which was worthy of further clinical promotion.
An Unusual Case of Kidney Injury in a Young Woman with a Connective Tissue Disease
Authors: Rivera Roberto , Vila Salvador
Published: May 2022

A 32-year-old female was admitted to our institution with thrombocytopenia, fever, serositis, hepatosplenomegaly, diffuse lymphadenopathy, and renal insufficiency. A diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus was made. Due to recalcitrant thrombocytopenia, serositis, and renal insufficiency methylprednisolone was prescribed in high doses. In addition to proteinuria and hematuria, she was found to have uric acid crystals in her urinalysis. A serum uric acid was found elevated at 18 mg/dL. Rasburicase infusions were started. Within 5 days of commencing rasburicase and continuing high-dose methylprednisolone, her serum creatinine normalized and proteinuria resolved. The microhematuria disappeared within 2 weeks of beginning rasburicase. The rapid reversal of renal insufficiency and all urinary abnormalities after the start of rasburicase infusions suggests that the renal injury was most likely due to uric acid-mediated renal injury and not lupus nephritis. Our case illustrates the co-occurrence of 2 distinct clinical entities, one common for the patient’s age, sex, and foremost clinical findings, while the other uncommon and unexpected, but both associated to kidney injury. Clinicians must be aware that careful evaluation of symptoms and laboratory tests is needed to make a thorough differential diagnosis and provide the right treatment at the most opportune moment.
International Criminal Law Protection of Environmental Rights and Sentencing Based on Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Wu Jiaxin , Wang Heyong , Sun Ning , Wang Hongwei , Tatarinov Danila
Published: May 2022

Environmental problem is an international problem that transcends national boundaries and develops into regional and global environmental pollution and ecological problems. Facing the increasing environmental pollution, the international community has successively formulated many relevant environmental pollution prevention laws, but the world situation is complicated after all, environmental problems still emerge endlessly, and the protection of environmental rights has become the consensus of the international community. Environmental right is an integral part of human rights, and protecting environmental right is the concrete expression and proper meaning of protecting human rights. Using international criminal law to protect environmental rights will play a positive role in global environmental protection. As with the development of computer technology, the research of machine learning has gradually transferred to the field of social science, especially the judicial field. While sentencing is a crucial part of environmental crime, this paper studies the sentencing of environmental rights cases from the perspective of international criminal law and uses Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) to determine the sentencing of environmental rights cases. Through the experiment on the Integrated Database (IDB) dataset, the results show that the introduction of CNN improves the effect of the sentencing term prediction model and the fine prediction model significantly. The CNN‐based model scored 91.6542 in the sentencing term prediction model and 90.8890 in the fine prediction model.