bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Collaborative Framework for Information Security Management System Using Intelligent Multi-Agent
Authors: Wang Peng , Xing Li Ning
Published: January 2011

Business use of Internet has exposed security as one of the key-factors for successful online competition. There are very few sound existing ISG frameworks that can effectively guide most organizations in their information security governance endeavors. This paper presents a collaborative framework for information security management system in order to elucidate how information security should be addressed at an executive level. The advanced intelligent multi-agent technology is applied in this proposed framework. In order to evaluate the proposed framework, this paper describes a prototype system based on this proposed collaborative framework. This prototype system suggests that the proposed collaborative framework is feasible, correct and valid.
Query-Focused Multi-Documents Summarization Using Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Tang Jun , Li Ji Chu
Published: January 2011

For the explosion of information in the World Wide Web, this paper proposed a new method of query-focused multi-documents summarization using genetic algorithm, search engine are used to extract relevant documents, genetic algorithm is used to extract the sentences to form a summary, and it is based on a fitness function formed by three factors: query-focused feature, importance feature, and non-redundancy feature. Experimental result shows that the proposed summarization method can improve the performance of summary, genetic algorithm is efficient.
Optimization and Analysis Emulation System of the Controlled Mechanism Based on Windows
Authors: Li Yao , Yang Jin Tang , Li Gong Fa , Kong Jian Yi
Published: January 2011

A two-stage synthetic method for accurately realizing the track was presented according to the characteristic of controlled mechanism of two degrees of freedom and mechanical character of controlled driving component. An optimized model of controlled mechanism that can accurately realize the track of many points was built. Using the method of generalized inverse based on windows solves the displacement, velocity and acceleration of compensation movement. Controlled mechanism was simulated and analyzed by using visualization way etc. It provided a reliable and practical work platform for researching and applying controlled mechanism.
Particle Swarm Optimization Using Various Inertia Factor Variants
Authors: Tang Jun
Published: January 2011

This paper presents an alternative and efficient method for solving the optimal control of manufacturing systems. Three different inertia factor, a constant inertia factor (CIF), time-varying inertia factor (TVIF), and global-local best inertia factor (GLbestIF), are considered with the particle swarm optimization(PSO) algorithm to analyze the impact of inertia factor on the performance of PSO algorithm. The PSO algorithm is simulated individually with the three inertia factor separately to compute the optimal control of the manufacturing system, and it is observed that the PSO with the proposed inertia factor yields better resultin terms of both optimal solution and faster convergence. Several statistical analyses are carried out from which can be concluded that the proposed method is superior to all the other methods considered in this paper.
Simulating Write-Ahead Logging and Virtual Machines Using HEW
Authors: Zhou Zhi Gang
Published: January 2011

The programming languages approach to von Neumann machines is defined not only by the study of thin clients, but also by the intuitive need for Scheme. After years of significant research into symmetric encryption, we disconfirm the refinement of model checking. Our focus in our research is not on whether the lookaside buffer and Scheme are always incompatible, but rather on presenting an analysis of Scheme (HEW).
The Relationship between the Internet and Replication with PIONY
Authors: Zhou Zhi Gang
Published: January 2011

Authenticated algorithms and 802.11 mesh networks have garnered limited interest from both systems engineers and system administrators in the last several years. Given the current status of event-driven modalities, theorists particularly desire the refinement of Web services, which embodies the confirmed principles of artificial intelligence. Here we concentrate our efforts on arguing that model checking can be made event-driven, permutable, and wearable.
Mesh Partitioning Optimization in Parallel Substructure Method Using Improved HYT Approach
Authors: Shang Yan Liang
Published: January 2011

This paper proposes an improved HYT (IHYT) approach to achieve better load balance among substructures for better efficiency of the parallel substructure method. In the IHYT method, the matrix ordering method in SPOOLES, which provides the estimated statistics of numerical workload and nonzero entries of the matrix, are employed for predicting the workload of each sub-mesh, and used as the basis for tuning the element weights to embed the workload prediction phase. In addition, a partitioning kernel–JOSTLE, which can slightly tune the partitioning result from the last iteration and is good for the convergence of iterations, are employed as the partitioning kernel. The numerical experiments show that the IHYT further achieves better load balance of substructure condensation and leads to better efficiency of the parallel substructure method than HYT approach.
Characteristic Analysis of Textile Materials Based on Pre-Judgment Mechanism
Authors: Liu Zhe , Li Ke Jing
Published: January 2011

Aiming at existing some problems, such as large calculation, not extensive category of defect recognition, and not accuracy of recognition result, this paper reanalyzes characteristic construction’s proceed of moving image by human vision, and proposes a new ‘super-fuzzy’ characteristic model of fabric based on pre-judgment mechanism. In this model, ‘super-fuzzy’ factor is introduced, and pre-judgment mechanism on coarseness set is constructed. So the characteristic can be modified with optimization according to actual condition of image. From experiments, results show that this characteristic model has such features as calculation is less, fabric images analysis is fast, fabric and defect category is extensive, pre-learning of mechanism doesn’t need, and better application is expected.
RBF Neural Network Arithmetic and Applications in Surface Interpolation Reconstruction
Authors: Wu X.M. , Li Gui Xian , Shan De Bin , Yu G.B.
Published: January 2011

Aiming at problems such as: surface interpolation reconstruction of points cloud data，surface hole filling and two simple surface connection, a neural network arithmetic was employed. Based on radial basis function neural network, simulated annealing was employed to adjust the network weights. The new arithmetic can approach any nonlinear function by arbitrary precision, and also keep the network from getting into local minimum for global optimization feature of simulated annealing. MATLAB program was compiled, experiments on points cloud data have been done employing this arithmetic, the result shows that this arithmetic can efficiently approach the surface with 10-4 mm error precision, and also the learning speed is quick and reconstruction surface is smooth.
A Servlet Grouping Framework with Non-Intrusive Implementation
Authors: Xu Min , Li Ning
Published: January 2011

In this paper, We proposed a Servlet grouping framework with non-intrusive implementation. Java Servlet is an important means to build web applications with java language. Including Struts and Web Work. Nowadays most of the popular java web frameworks are developed and designed based on Servlet. Servlets provide a component-based, platform-independent method to build Web-based applications. However, the Servlet must be configured in the deployment descriptor, that is, the Web.xml file. With the increasing of the number of Servlets, the Web.xml file will become extremely complex and chaos. So, we need to develop a framework, which can deploy the Servlets independently without the Web.xml file, and manage them by groups.
Discuss on China's Green Building Materials Development
Authors: Ming Li
Published: January 2011

Green building is the only way to change the development mode of China's building materials industry from extensive to the efficient type and it is a necessary requirement to achieve sustainable economic development. This paper points out the direction for development of green building materials by the characteristics and the significance of the green building materials development is explained. The paper makes a comprehensive analysis of the approach to develop green building materials from the design, production, usage, standards, evaluation and many areas in which the development of green building materials is involved.
Quantum Computing-Based Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm and Performance Analysis
Authors: You Xiao Ming , Liu Sheng , Miao Xing Wai
Published: January 2011

A novel Ant Colony Optimization algorithm based on Quantum mechanism for Multi-objective traveling salesman problem (MQACO) is proposed. To improve algorithm performance we use self-adaptive operator, namely in prophase we use higher probability to explore more search space and to collect useful global information; otherwise in anaphase we use higher probability to accelerate convergence. We analyze the technology to improve algorithm performance. Self-adaptive algorithm has advantages in terms of the adaptability; reliability and the learning ability over traditional organizing algorithm. TSP benchmark instances Chn144 results demonstrate the superiority of MQACO by different parameter in this paper.
Local Extreme Extraction of Fabric Gray Feature Wave
Authors: Wang Xiu Chen
Published: January 2011

Aiming at lack of effective algorithm for image gray feature wave analysis, this paper proposes a new local extreme extraction for image gray feature, which can establish full information of image feature wave for continue analysis. Firstly, the definition of image gray feature wave is given. Secondly, methods of local extreme extraction of feature wave are detail described, and specific calculation formulas are given. Finally, some examples of local extreme extraction of different fabric images are listed. Results show that this method is fast and easy, can exactly judge local extreme of feature wave, and lay a good foundation of data for continue image analysis and recognition.
Motion Drive Algorithm for Flight Simulator Based on the Stewart Platform Kinematics
Authors: Yang Yu , Zheng Shu Tao , Han Jun Wei
Published: January 2011

To improve the fidelity of the motion cueing in the flight simulator, an improved adaptive motion drive algorithm was presented. In this algorithm, the motion limits of single degree of freedom, which calculate according to the Stewart platform kinematics, was introduced in to reduce the possibility of actuators exceeding theirs motion limits. So the algorithm parameters can be tuned more “open up” to improve the fidelity of motion cueing. The improved motion drive algorithm was verified in the airplane takeoff and landing. The results show that the algorithm can improve the fidelity when the platform has more available motion space; and can avoid exceeding motion limits when the platform has small motion space.
Helicoidal-Rounded-Hole Microstructure of Mature Shankbone
Authors: Chen Bin , Luo Ji , Yuan Quan
Published: January 2011

Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation on a mature shankbone shows that the bone is a kind of bioceramic composite consisting of hydroxyapatite sheets and collagen protein matrix. The observation also shows that there are many holes in the bone and that the hydroxyapatite sheets near by these holes helicoidally round these holes forming a kind of helicoidally-rounded-hole microstructure (HRHM). The maximum pullout force of the HRHM is investigated and compared with that of non-helicoidally-rounded-hole microstructure (NHRHM). It shows that the HRHM could markedly increase the maximum pullout force of the hydroxyapatite sheets compared to the NHRHM and therefore enhance the fracture toughness of the bone.
Research on Accounting System of Economical Assessment for Developing Green Materials in Packaging Enterprises
Authors: Li En Zhu , Liao Jia Ming , Liu Chang Lin
Published: January 2011

Sustainable development is a basic national strategy. According to the internal demand of this strategy of sustainable development, this paper illustrates the influences of developing green materials to traditional system of accounting scientifically, these influences include need of green conception, adding the assets of natural resource and introducing the evaluation system with a method of Data Envelopment Analysis based on data of accounting for packaging enterprises. The aim of these researchs will be references for evaluating the economic effectiveness of resources invested in developing green materials for packaging enterprises.
Evaluation and Measurement Method for Texture Depth of Exposed-Aggregate Cement Concrete Pavement Surface Based on Digital Imaging Technique
Authors: Ning Chen
Published: January 2011

In order to study the surface characteristics of exposed-aggregate cement concrete pavement, the measurement mechanism of surface texture depth was analyzed by using digital image technique. Based on the principle of least square and Table curve 3D software, two-dimensional digital image of road surface was reconstructed into three-dimensional space surface and a method of evaluating and measuring pavement surface texture depth was put forward. With this method， digital image samples were calculated and the results were compared with the results of conventional measurement method. The results indicate that exposed-aggregate cement concrete pavement has excellent road characteristics; there is a good correlation between the digital image technique and the traditional sand patch method and the relative error is less than 7 percent. Thus, the digital image technique is feasible in evaluating and measuring pavement surface texture depth.
Factors that Influence Performance of the Industrial Diversification: An Empirical Study Based on Chinese Listed Companies
Authors: Qin Zhi Gang
Published: January 2011

This paper presents an empirical study the factors that influence financial performance of enterprises’ industrial diversification. The method of empirical analysis is comparing the good performance diversified companies with the bad to test which factor affects the financial performance of industrial diversification significantly. Basing on the theoretical analysis, we selected variables that measure corporate governance, diversification strategy, and enterprise management. We ran logistic regression with the data from Chinese listed companies. The result shows that more meetings of the board of directors, less unrelated diversification degree, higher total assets turnover and stronger ability to obtain operating cash inflow will increase the financial performance of enterprises’ industrial diversification.
Map Matching Using De-Noise Interpolation Kohonen Self-Organizing Maps
Authors: Du Zhan Wei , Yang Yong Jian , Sun Yong Xiong , Zhang Chi Jun
Published: January 2011

In this work, we have proposed a de-noise interpolation Kohonen Self-Organizing Maps(DNIKSOM) -based method for the Map matching(MM). It has been seen that there are some problems in the MM, such as large error range of the original position information, low match accuracy and so on. Therefore, in MM problem to achieve high accuracy, it is necessary to consider the topography of roads and the requirement for match accuracy lying within the original position information in the matching process. In the present study, Kohonen Self-Organizing Maps(KSOM) in the field of pattern recognition possesses good performance. Now to get more valuable position information, A kind of de-noise algorithm for Kohonen neural network is proposed to meet the case that neural network may not be trained sufficiently with consideration for the topography of roads. And a kind of Lagrange interpolation algorithm is also proposed to meet the requirements for matching accuracy. These processes make the amended position information closer to the true value. In this application to a city’s MM, we investigate DNIKSOM’s ,KSOM’s and Centroid localization algorithm’s location performance on a original position data set. Finally, the comparison of experimental results shows that DNIKSOM has better location performance than others.
Test Research on Infrasound Wave of Granite Damage Course under Dynamic Uniaxial Compression
Authors: Chai Shan , Li Li Jun , Ju Ze Qing , Zou Yue , Zhang Yu Zeng
Published: January 2011

More and more engineers apply AE (Acoustic Emission) to research rock fracture and damage. Infrasonic wave could be used to forecast earthquake, and structure earthquake is almost caused by rock compression damage, so in the course of rock fracture and damage, the infrasound wave emission could be researched in order to forecast earthquake. The granite specimens are compressed to damage. The infrasonic information in the course of compression are detected and collected. By means of data analysis, some principles of rock compression damage are found.
6-DOF Motion System of Amphibious Vehicle Driving Simulator Motion Parameter Design Research
Authors: Zheng Shu Tao , Ye Zheng Mao , Jin Jun , Han Jun Wei
Published: January 2011

Vehicle driving simulators are widely employed in training and entertainment utilities because of its safe, economic and efficient. Amphibious vehicle driving simulator was used to simulate amphibious vehicle on land and in water. Because of the motion difference between aircraft and amphibious vehicle, it is necessary to design a reasonable 6-DOF motion system according to the flight simulator motion system standard and vehicle motion parameter. FFT of DSP and PSD were used to analysis the relationship between them. Finally according to the result analysis, a set of reasonable 6-DOF motion system motion parameter was given to realize the driving simulator motion cueing used to reproduce vehicle acceleration.
Physical Implementation and Manufacture of Adiabatic Flip-Flops for Micro Power Systems
Authors: Li Hong , Zhang Yu , Hu Jian Ping
Published: January 2011

Flip-flops are main logic cells in digital systems, thus power-efficient designs are essential for micro systems, where ultra low-power hardware is demanded. This paper presents physical implementation and manufacture of adiabatic flip-flops based on CPAL (Complementary Pass-transistor Adiabatic Logic) circuits. The two mode-10 adiabatic counters based on four-phase and two-phase CPAL circuits have been implemented. For comparison, a conventional mode-10 counter using static CMOS circuits has also been embedded in a test chip. Full-custom layouts are drawn, and full parasitic extraction is done. The post-layout simulations are carried out using HSPICE. The chip has been fabricated with Chartered 0.35um process and tested.
An Extensible Model and Architecture Design for United Cloud Computing
Authors: Gui Bing Xiang , Zhang Hong Wu
Published: January 2011

the cloud computing has the potential of becoming a revolutionary technology that changes the way service computing is performed. This paper presents a new Extensible Model and Architecture for United Cloud Computing, This model explicitly addresses the limited scalability of a single-provider cloud, the lack of interoperability among cloud providers, and the lack of built-in Business Service Management support in current cloud offerings. The principles introduced in this paper are essential for the cloud computing vision to materialize to its full extent.
Approachs of Improving Incentives for IT Enterprises
Authors: Gui Bing Xiang , Ruan Ling
Published: January 2011

the face to global integration, highly integrated, highly competitive era, talent and technology has become the focus of competition, IT enterprises are so in particular. Establishing and improving an incentive mechanism is to stimulate enterprise IT staff enthusiasm for work, give full play to the creativity of employees, retaining a healthy sustainable development, making it an important way and there must be the road. This paper presents some effective approachs to solve these issues.
Influence of Recycled Aggregate on Physical and Mechanical Properties of High Performance Recycled Aggregate Concrete
Authors: Xu Yi Dong , Sun Jia Ying
Published: January 2011

Influence of recycled aggregate on slump, compressive strength and chloride ion permeability of recycled aggregate concrete was investigated. As is shown by the results, although recycled aggregate belongs to the category of poor quality aggregate, the properties of high performance recycled aggregate concrete are not reduced dramatically with the increasing amount of recycled aggregate, for recycled aggregate have both positive effects and negative effects on the properties of recycled aggregate concrete. The high performance recycled aggregate concrete can be developed by double-mixture of ultra fine fly ash and superplasticizer.
Color and Texture Classification of Green Tea Using Least Squares Support Vector Machine (LSSVM)
Authors: Yu Xin Jie , Liu Kang Sheng , He Yong , Wu Di
Published: January 2011

This work presented an approach for color and texture classification of green tea using Least Squares Support Vector Machine (LSSVM). Color features extracted from histogram of every channel in RGB and HSI color space, texture features computed from Grey Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) of every channel in RGB and HSI color space, and different combinations of the color and texture features, were used respectively as input data set for the LSSVM classifiers. The classification performances of these different methods were compared. The results show that the combined color and texture features from HSI color space give the best performance with accuracy of 96.33% for prediction unknown samples in testing set. Based on the results, it can be concluded that combined color and texture features coupled with a LSSVM classifier can be a fast and non-destructive technique efficiently utilized to classify green tea.
Next Day Load Forecasting Using Local Temperature Sensitive Information
Authors: Lu Huan Da , Liu Kang Sheng
Published: January 2011

A novel hybrid method based on SVM and linear regression for short-term load forecasting was presented. It is well known that temperature information is very important for load forecasting, but the local structure of temperature sensitive information is not adopted in the literature. The proposed model adopts an integrated architecture to handle the local temperature sensitive information. Firstly, the input load data set is clustered into several temperature similar days subsets by the k-means algorithm in an unsupervised manner, Then compute the temperature correction in each subsets and split the time point (5 minutes, 288/day) into three time zone: the most temperature sensitive time zone, the less temperature sensitive time zone, and partial temperature sensitive time zone. The most temperature sensitive time zone is forecasted by the linear regression, the less temperature sensitive time zone is coded only using past load data, and then use the generic support vector regression to forecast the next day load in that time point, the partial temperature sensitive time zone is coded combining the past load and temperature information and then using the support vector regression same as the less temperature sensitive time zone. Finally, we smooth the whole forecasted load curve using linear programming. The empirical results indicate that our hybrid method results in better forecasting performance than the original generic support vector regression.
Realization of Multi-User’s Connection Technique in Virtual Scene Base on LAN
Authors: Yu Wen Qiong
Published: January 2011

This topic mainly makes use of the VC plait distance language, design and realization agreement according to the TCP/IP of C/S the correspondence model of the mode, design terminal of correspondence format, design and carry out a terrace server, carry out a data between terminals transmission with synchronous. Under the environment of Windows XP, make use of Visual C provide of CSocket carry on the development of applied procedure, can make the procedure carry out a network a top a data to receive, send out function quickly and accurately, complete an of customer of the data deliver. The realization is under the network environment of have another person's on-line technique.
Near-Threshold Flip-Flops Using Clocked Adiabatic Logic in Nanometer CMOS Processes
Authors: Ni Hai Yan , Hu Jian Ping
Published: January 2011

This paper presents adiabatic flip-flops operating on near-threshold supply voltages. The near-threshold adiabatic flip-flops and sequential circuits are realized with improved CAL (Clocked Adiabatic Logic) circuits using a single-phase power clock. An auxiliary clock generator is used to obtain the non-overlap sinusoidal auxiliary signal pair. A near-threshold mode-10 counter is implemented. All circuits are simulated using Predictive Technology Model (PTM) 45nm process. The near-threshold adiabatic circuits attain large energy savings over a wide range of frequencies, as compared with conventional static CMOS logic circuits.
A CSCW-Enabling Integrated Access Control Model and its Application
Authors: Zhang Zhi Yong , Huang Tao , Wu Qing Tao , Pu Jie Xin
Published: January 2011

Nowadays open and distributed Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) systems are faced with security challenges due to large numbers of cooperative users, and a mass of valued data resources need to be protected against unauthorized usage, disseminations and share. To this end, role-based collaboration framework and access control approaches have been a focus in recent years, but there lack of a holistic and comprehensive model and visual modeling. We proposed and formalized a CSCW-enabling access control model integrating generic centralized authorization and distributed authority delegation, called IACM (Integrated Access Control Model) for CSCW, based on the cooperative roles and their owned activities. And then, the visual modeling was represented with static and dynamic characteristics, with a goal to narrow the gap of the formalized model and application level. Finally, an application in the collaboration system for equipments manufacture designing was implemented to improve security of the role-based centralized authorization management by using the authorization constraint rules, and to enhance the collaborative capability based on the user-side delegation mechanism, effectively guaranteeing CSCW system security and authorization management efficiency.
Impacts of Process Parameters on the Substrate Distortion of PAW-Based Rapid Prototyping
Authors: Aiyiti Wurikaixi , Gheni Mamtimin , Adayi Xieeryazidan
Published: January 2011

A low-cost direct metal RP process based on the plasma arc welding (PAW) is presented. The impacts of two important process parameters (pulse current and wire-feeding speed) on the distortion of the substrate are investigated. The temperature field and the distortion of the depositing process are simulated by finite element analysis. The results show that the heat input and the quantity of the metal fed into the molten pool influence the distortion of the substrate. Higher pulse current and wire-feeding speed will bring on larger distortion.
Effect of Mesh Size of Finite Element Analysis in Modal Analysis for Periodic Symmetric Struts Support
Authors: Liu Wei Bing , Gheni Mamtimin , Yu Lie
Published: January 2011

Meshing for finite element analysis accuracy plays a very important part in numerical simulation of Periodic Symmetric Struts Support (PSSS). Different accuracy can be obtained by different element sizes or types. Three element types and eight element sizes are used for comparing the accuracy of modal analysis in this paper. Comparing with the mutual relations of different accuracy, the scientific basis is provided for selecting the correct mesh size and improves the efficiency of numerical calculation in modal analysis.
SPH Method for Simulation of Wind-Blown Sand Movements
Authors: Jin A Fang , Yang Zhi Chun , Gheni Mamtimin , Chen Wen Tao
Published: January 2011

Wind-Blown sand movement is a complicated, non-linear, self-organized and two-phase flow. Conventional theory of mechanics and existing experimental observation method can’t describe that inherent mechanism exactly, and then appeared much difficulty of numerical method for computational simulation of wind-blown sand movement. In this paper, the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method is used for simulating the wind-blown sand movement process. According to the characteristic of wind-blown sand movement the sand grains phase and the gas phase are modeled by considering the different kernel function and the particles size, mass, density, velocity and other physical quantities, which can movement along with controlling equation. Finally the numerical simulations are conducted for wind-blown sand movement and some reasonable results are obtained.
Dynamics and Numerical Modeling of Sandy Desert Morphology Caused by Aeolian Transport of Sand Particles
Authors: Abdikerem Xamxinur , Gheni Mamtimin , Ablimit Abdurahman , Jin A Fang
Published: January 2011

Wind caused the much sediment fluxes leading to both erosion and deposits in the sandy desertification area, and the much kind of beautiful sandy desert morphologies are formed. This is really crucial to the development of the dynamic behaviour of aeolian transport of sand particles. The sand desert morphologies are representing significant information archives for understanding the desertification problem. Dynamics and numerical modeling provides an essential tool for studying the aeolian transport of sand particle and morphology of sand desert such as ripple and dune. In this study, the mathematical models based on the dynamics are analyzed by considering the several keys as saltation, creep, suspension, avalanche and its threshold condition etc. for sand morphology forming processes. Then due to sand flow field real characteristics, the establishing process of stream flow field are analyzed, and the implication relationships as well as the coupling process between uniform stream flow field and the sand flow field are analyzed. Finally, the sand flow field models is discretized, and different kinds of sandy desert morphology are simulated by considering the sand particle size and mass in fixed, semi-fixed and free sand flow field area.
Effect of Uyghur Sand Therapy on Femur Bending Mechanical Properties in Rabbit and the Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Fu Rong Chang , Mahemuti Dilinaer , Maitirouzi Julaiti , Tiyipu Rexiati , Kong Chun Yuan , You Bo
Published: January 2011

This article studies the effect of Uyghur sand therapy on rabbit femur bending mechanics. Methods: Papain was injected into the joint space of right knee of 20 male rabbits. The Paptain injected rabbits were divided into two different groups: sand therapy group and control group. The control group rabbits weren’t interfered in any way. The sand therapy group rabbits were given sand therapy for 30 minutes each day for 15 days. On the 16th day, the femur of each rabbit was taken as specimen. The specimen was given the tree-point bending test and the load-deflection curves were obtained. Then Finite Element Ansys method was used to analyze the stress cloud and the deformation cloud; Results:. Damage occurred in the position where the first maximum main stress was given; the form of damage was a brittle fracture. However, the position which corresponds to the maximum bending compressive stress has not been damaged. Finite Element Ansys analysis also showed a similar result. Conclusion: Sand therapy can improve femur bending strength and toughness.
The Model of Specimen Transverse Inertia Influence on Testing Result of Dynamic Character of Rock
Authors: Liu Jin Hui , Dou Jin Long , Liu Yun Chuan
Published: January 2011

Based on the assumption of one-dimensional specimens and stress distribution hypothesis，SHPB experiment is used to analysis dynamic characteristics of materials. But it is impossible for the transverse inertia and the friction on the surfaces of specimen. A model is established in order to evaluate the degree of influence of horizontal specimen inertia and friction on the experimental results. Moreover, the model is applied to discuss the transverse inertia effect influence on elastic modulus of materials.
Extracting the Features Point Data Based on the FE and RE Softwares
Authors: Jiang Hong , Sun Wen Lei , Gheni Mamtimin , Shi Yong Fang
Published: January 2011

In view of the bottleneck of the interfaces between Forward Engineering (FE) and Reverse Engineering (RE) softwares, the method of extracting feature for hybrid modeling of FE and RE is attempted to present based on secondary development for UG NX by using VC++. The method is proved through two simple surface modeling.
Dynamic Analysis of Wind Turbine Blade Based on Reverse Engineering
Authors: Xu Yan , Sun Wen Lei , Zhou Jian Ping
Published: January 2011

The dynamic analysis of the 750Kw wind turbine blade was presented based on Reverse Engineering. Because of complex shape, the model of wind turbine blade is a bottleneck of restriction development on the dynamic characteristic research of blade. The work attempted a new way to build the blade 3D model and completed the dynamic analysis. At first, the point cloud data of blade were gained using ATOS optical scanner. Secondly simplified, smoothed and partitioned in Imageware, point cloudy data were created into curves. Then the curves were imported into UG, the 3D model of blade was attained through curve fitting. At last the dynamic analysis of the blade was completed in ANSYS Workbench. The analysis adopted BlockLanczos method to extract the mode and get the natural frequency and eigenmode from the first to sixth modes. The paper ascertained the first and second wave eigenmodes, the first swing and the first torsion eigenmode. Calculations showed that eigenvalue of wave vibration and swing vibration were lower, torsion vibration eigenvalue was higher. In the vibration of the blade, the couple vibration of wave and swing taked major role, and the influences of torsional vibration were not great. The results showed the wave and swing vibration were predominated, the torsional vibration can be neglectful. The paper developed some new methods, established foundations for the further research of large wind turbine blade in the future.
Material Removal and Fracture Detection in Micro-EDM Processes
Authors: Mahardika Muslim , Prihandana Gunawan Setia , Endo Takashi , Suyitno  , Arifvianto B. , Sudiarso Andi , Mitsui Kimiyuki
Published: January 2011

The important thing in micro-machining is its accuracy. The Micro-Electrical Discharge Machining (micro-EDM) is a promising method in micro-machining, because (1) the process is independent on the hardness of the workpiece but only depends on its thermal conductivity and melting point and (2) it can be used to machine materials with highly complex geometrical shapes using a simple-shaped tool electrode. However, the process in micro-EDM is not totally well-known, especially related to the formation of discharge pulse energy and the fracture phenomena. In the micro-EDM processes, the formation of discharge pulse energy is a complex phenomenon, since it is related to many parameters such as discharge gap, charge voltage, capacitance, and tool electrode wear. In this paper, the Acoustic Emission (AE) sensor is used to detect the changes of discharge pulse energy during machining of brass using micro-EDM. The results shows that the AE signals can detect and explain the fracture phenomena during the micro-EDM processes.
Identification of Damages and Stress Analysis of Rail/Wheel Rolling Contact Region
Authors: Akeel N.A. , Aziman M.A. , Sajuri Zainuddin , Ariffin Ahmad Kamal , Ikhsan A.W.
Published: January 2011

This paper presents the identification of damages and stress analysis of rail/wheel rolling contact region. The railhead surface of used rail track was investigated to identify damages and the hardness of the rail/wheel contact area was measured. Finite element method FEM code, ANSYS was used to determine the stress distribution at vicinity of rail/wheel contact area. The results showed that the hardness increased on the contact area between rail and wheel due to repeated rolling contact of rail and wheel surface. Severe damages and cracks were observed on the railhead surface and in the cross section of the rail at the contact region. The FEM simulation showed that the highest stress distribution regions were matched with the area of severely damage and high hardness obtained from the observation and experimental results.
Effect of Cu Particles Precipitation on Wear Behaviour of Fe-3mass%Cu under Dry Sliding Condition
Authors: Agung I. , Syarif Junaidi , Ghazali Mariyam Jameelah , Sajuri Z.
Published: January 2011

Effect of peak-aged and over-aged Cu particles on wear behaviour of ferritic iron was investigated by means of Pin-on-Disc wear test under dry sliding condition. It was found that hardness of the peak-aged sample was higher than the over-aged sample. The specific wear rates of peak-aged samples were in the range of 0.20 × 10-4 to 0.89 × 10-4 mm3/(Nm) while the over-aged samples were in the range of 0.21 × 10-4 to 1.29 × 10-4 mm3/(Nm). Although both samples possessed moderate wear behaviours, the peak-aged samples had better wear resistance. Scanning Electron Microscopy observation found that most wear mechanism were due to plastic ploughing phenomenon. Transferred materials from the counterface tool was also proven by Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy test. However, the roughness test showed that the peak-aged sample surface was finer than the over-aged sample surface. Average roughness of peak-aged samples were in the range of 0.49 to 1.79 μm while the over-aged samples were in the range of 3.28 to 4.02 μm. Hence, it can be concluded that the peak-aged Cu particles can improve the wear resistance of steel.
Corrosion Behavior of Fe-Cr Alloys in Ar-10%O2 Atmosphere
Authors: Othman Norinsan Kamil , Othman N. , Jalar Azman
Published: January 2011

The corrosion of four Fe-Cr alloys (Cr: 9, 12, 20, and 25%) with different Cr contents were subjected to cyclic oxidation furnace in Ar-10%O2 atmosphere at 950oC for 120 h. The samples after oxidation were investigated by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical metallography and SEM/EDS. The results indicated that increasing Cr content reduced the oxidation rate and the scale cracking. Alloys with less Cr content occurred breakaway oxidation due to formation of Fe-rich oxide scale. However, a thin protective chromia scale was observed on alloys with Cr > 20%. The corrosion behaviour on Fe-Cr alloy was then discussed based on experimental observation.
Stress Distribution Effect on a Stacked-Die QFN Package Manufacturing Processes
Authors: Abdullah I. , Jalar Azman , Abdullah Shahrum , Rosle M.F. , Yunoh Mohd Faridz Mod
Published: January 2011

In the last decade, failure of microelectronic devices has become a prominent field of research all across the world. The results of this of failure analysis allow an engineer to choose package geometries and materials which reduce the risk of failure. This paper is meant to relate the stress effect on material properties during Quad Flat No-Leads (QFN) stacked-die packages manufacturing processes. To achieve the study, the finite element technique was used to perform an extensive structural analysis on a QFN package design once it was verified by related experiments. A QFN unit was developed in three dimensional geometry with various materials be will simulated in order to determine the location of failure. The induced stress results were also measured in the maximum value, indicating the low modulus and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) in the packaging material were important for reducing high stress during the manufacturing stages. However, numerical simulation demonstrated that the stress developments increased exponentially when the die attach temperature increased. Therefore, the induced stress can be relieved by having high die attach process temperature with an adequate bonding force and time. It was vital to control the induced stress in package materials during die attachment process for ensuring the reliability level of QFN packages.
Mechanical Behaviour of Three Dimensional Lattice Structures
Authors: Ushijima Kuniharu , Chen Dai Heng , Cantwell Wesley J.
Published: January 2011

In this study, a theoretical analysis for predicting the mechanical properties of three dimensional lattice structures under compressive loading is proposed, and verified by comparing the analytical predictions with FEM results. This theory for estimating the initial stiffness E* is based on the classical beam theory, and the one for estimating the plastic collapse strength reflects the stress state for each lattice structure. In particular, effects of inner geometry (strand’s diameter-to-length ratio and micro-architecture) on the mechanical behaviour are discussed.
Probabilistic Fracture Mechanics Analysis of Multiple Cracks in Cylindrical Pressure Vessel
Authors: Dirgantara Tatacipta , Wicaksono Tuppi Summa , Ahmad Thahir , Sadikin Indra , Suharto Djoko , Putra Ichsan Setya
Published: January 2011

In this work, a probabilistic fracture mechanics analysis of multiple cracks in a cylindrical pressure vessel was conducted. The analysis was performed to predict service life of a pressure vessel with a certain level of reliability if the vessel has a multiple internal surface cracks that interact each other. The stress intensity factor of multiple cracks configuration was determined from the stress intensity factor of a single surface crack in a plate subjected to uni-axial load and the interaction factor between the cracks. In this work, the Swift’s crack link-up criterion was employed. These parameters together with several other stochastic parameters, i.e. initial crack size, Paris’s crack propagation constants and fracture toughness, were then used to calculate the probability of failure with a certain level of reliability. The failure probability was simulated using guided direct simulation, for cycle-by-cycle crack propagation, to find the expected service life and the mode of failure (leak or break). A case study of a high-pressure vessel having different initial crack sizes have been simulated and the service life with 99,99% reliability were determined.
Fatigue Crack Growth Prediction of Thick Wall Cylinder under Variable Amplitude Loading
Authors: Razzaq M. Abdul , Ariffin Ahmad Kamal , Abdullah Shahrum , Sajuri Z. , Ismail A.E. , Ariffin Azli
Published: January 2011

The life prediction information is useful for improving the component design methodology at the early developing stage. Many thick cylinders are subjected to complex cyclic loading spectrum ranging from small vibration to large load induction. This paper presents modeling of fatigue crack growth behavior in thick wall cylinder for outer surface cracked pipe subjected to internal pressure. There are many factors affecting fatigue crack growth such as; crack length, orientation of crack, thickens of the cylinder and the load ratio. Fatigue crack growth as consequence of service loads depends on many different contributing factors. With the help of a simulation fatigue crack growth in three-dimensional structures can either be predicted or explain for already existing failures. The simulation results showed that, more studies on the thick wall cylinder structure need to be performed in order to obtain more accurate fatigue life.
Development of Green Insulation Boards from Kenaf Fibres Part 1: Development and Characterization of Mechanical Properties
Authors: Ibraheem Sameer Adnan , Ali Aidy , Khalina Abdan
Published: January 2011

The purpose of this study was to develop effective green insulation boards fabricated from polyurethane (PU) reinforced with Kenaf fibres. Biocomposites having three different weight contents (40/60, 50/50 and 60/40 Kenaf / PU weight %) were manufactured. A fourth type was made from 60/40 NaOH-treated Kenaf / PU weight %. The results show that the elastic properties increased with Kenaf fibre content. The optimal performance was observed at a weight of 50% Kenaf fibres. In addition, kenaf fibres treated with NaOH exhibited significantly improved mechanical properties.
Prediction of Residual Stress Relaxation of Shot Peened 2024-T351 Aluminum Alloy: Part 2
Authors: Zaroog Omar Suliman , Ali Aidy , Barkawi Sahari B.
Published: January 2011

The initial compressive residual stresses induced or inherent in a component will not remain stable during the life of the component, it relax and redistributed. In design of the component, it is important to consider the relaxation of residual stress phenomenon. In this study, equations to predict residual stress relaxation of 2024 T351 aluminium alloy specimens were proposed. The equations developed from the experimental data of 2024 T351 aluminium alloy specimens that were shot peened under three different shot peening intensities and undergoing cyclic tests for two load magnitudes for 1, 2, 10, 1000 and 10000 cycles. The residual stress, cold work and microhardness results were recorded after each cyclic load as well as the initial state. The presented model incorporates parameters including the degree of cold work, initial induced residual stress and the number of applied loading cycles.
Effect of Notched Parameters on Low Cycle Fatigue Life of Shaft with Annular Notch under Cantilever Bending
Authors: Li You Tang , Duan Hong Yan , Wang Rui Feng
Published: January 2011

The special clamp for fatigue of shaft under bending, torsion, and bending-torsion that used on the fatigue machine is designed and manufactured. The low-cycle fatigue experiments of shaft with annular notch under cantilever bending have been made. Through experiments and analysis, the effects of tip radius, depth and open angle of notch on low cycle fatigue life of shaft with annular notch under cantilever bending are obtained. The method and results will play an important role on the fatigue life prediction and anti-fatigue design.
Experimental Study of Back Tempering Problem of Laser Hardening
Authors: Tursun Mamatjan , Gheni Mamtimin , Amrulla Guzalnur , Nijat Yu Sup
Published: January 2011

Existence of back tempered regions in laser hardened materials is a common industrial problem. As a result of back tempering, the areas have lower hardness compared to hardened areas, becoming a potential breakage starting point. In this research Laser hardening is applied to AISI 1060 work piece to analyze relationship between laser beam parameters and back tempered region. Analytical model for thermal cycle similar to experimental condition is built and results from experiment and modeling are compared.
Influence of Processing Parameters on Electrophoretically Deposited La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ Films
Authors: Abd Rahman Hamimah , Muchtar Andanastuti , Muhamad Norhamidi , Abdullah Huda
Published: January 2011

A material with perovskite structure, lanthanum strontium cobaltite ferrite, La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3- (LSCF6428) has gained attention as a cathode component for intermediate to low temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-LTSOFCs). In this study, LSCF6428 films were developed via the electrophoretic deposition (EPD) technique with the use of an aqueous solvent. 1 wt% of LSCF6428 was suspended in deionised water for the preparation of the EPD suspensions. The EPD process at applied voltages of between 3 to 7 V and deposition times of 3 to 10 minutes has been found to be able to deposit LSCF6428 films. Additionally, the use of additives such as starch and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) was found to effectively improve the quality of the deposited films. It is concluded that the applied voltage, deposition time and the addition of additives play important roles that affect the morphology and weight of the deposited films.