bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Energy efficient scheme for improving network lifetime using BAT algorithm in wireless sensor network
Authors: Saini Shalu , Singh Manjeet
Published: June 2024

Wireless sensor networks consist of several autonomous nodes that are outfitted with sensors, radio, processors, memory storage, and power sources. These nodes track, sense, and send data using radio. While establishing a network, the two most essential characteristics are coverage and connectivity. For better connectivity and a longer network life, it's important to make the coverage area as big as possible with the fewest number of sensor nodes. The goal of this research is to make a connected sensor network that uses less energy and can be used in situations where the sensors need to be placed in the best way to make the network last as long as possible. The probabilistic sensing model is used, and improved network lifetime is the goal of the research work by using problem‐specific intelligent optimization techniques like BAT, ACO, and JOA to maximize the coverage area with respect to energy and points of interest. This work introduces a novel approach that optimizes both coverage and connectivity. The modified binary bat algorithm overcomes computational complexities and local optima observed in existing methods. Uniquely, it models the three states of each sensor node and includes innovative features like a greedy initialization and a weighted cost function for improving network efficiency. After investigation, it was analyzed that the proposed solution significantly improves network lifetime by over 10% to 12% compared to existing methods like JOA and ACO. The proposed approach converges faster and performs more efficiently.
The pressing need for study on the effects of Mpox on the progression of vascular inflammation: A well‐timed call
Authors: Meem Sara Shahid , Proma Amrin Yeasin , Bhuiyan Mohiuddin Ahmed , Dewan Syed Masudur Rahman
Published: June 2024

Background

This article explored the possibility that the Mpox virus (MPXV) may initiate or stimulate the consequences of vascular inflammation. In 1970, it was discovered that Macaca cynomolgus primates infected with MPXV also infected humans in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Discussion

The study demonstrates that MPXV invades host cells via viral proteins and surface receptors, initiating the release of diverse inflammatory mediators such as IL‐1, IL‐6, TNF‐α, CCL2, CXCL2, CXCL8, CXCL10, and so forth probably through endothelial dysfunction by reactive oxygen species production. In general, these mediators have been found to contribute to vascular inflammation and the formation of atherosclerotic plaque at a later stage, which may contribute to the onset of vascular inflammation.

Conclusion

The discussed association between vascular inflammation and Mpox has the potential to be an important finding in the field of vascular biology research.
Pregnancy outcomes by hyperemesis gravidarum severity and time of diagnosis: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Porgador Omri , Sheiner Eyal , Pariente Gali , Wainstock Tamar
Published: June 2024

Objective

With inconsistencies regarding the possible effect of hyperemesis gravidarum on the course of pregnancy, this research aimed to study the association between hyperemesis gravidarum and pregnancy outcomes, while also addressing the trimester of diagnosis and severity.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was performed, including all singleton deliveries of mothers from the largest health maintenance organization in the country, in a single tertiary hospital between 1991 and 2021. The incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes was compared between pregnancies with and without hyperemesis gravidarum diagnosis. Multivariable generalized estimation equation binary models were used to study the association between maternal hyperemesis gravidarum, trimester of diagnosis and hyperemesis gravidarum severity and the studied outcomes.

Results

The study population included 232 476 pregnancies, of which 3227 (1.4%) were complicated with hyperemesis gravidarum. Women with hyperemesis gravidarum were more likely to deliver preterm (adj. OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.18–1.50), a newborn with low birthweight (adj. OR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.16–1.98, only if diagnosed in the second trimester), and to have a cesarean delivery (adj. OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.09–1.32). They were less likely to deliver small gestational age newborn (adj. OR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.69–0.99) and their offspring to experience perinatal mortality (adj. OR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.31–0.93, among mild cases only). A dose–response association was observed between preterm birth and hyperemesis gravidarum (adj. OR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.11–1.44, for mild cases and adj. OR = 2.04; 95% CI: 1.31–3.19, for severe cases).

Conclusions

Hyperemesis gravidarum is associated with an increased risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes including mainly preterm delivery in a dose–response manner and when diagnosed during the second trimester.
Effect of 460 nm blue light PBM on human MeWo melanoma cells
Authors: Qin Haokuan , Yang Jiali , Jiang Hui , Huang Shijie , Fu Qiqi , Zhu Baohua , Liu Muqing , Chen Gaofei
Published: June 2024

Photobiomodulation (PBM) using 460 nm blue light has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on skin cancer cells. In this study, we used a continuous LED light source with a wavelength of 460 nm and designed various combinations of power density (ranging from 6.4 to 25.6 mW) and dose (ranging from 0.96 to 30.72 J/cm2) to conduct treatment experiments on MeWo cells to investigate the effects of blue light on MeWo melanoma cells. We are focusing on cell viability, cytotoxicity, mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. We found that blue light inhibits these melanoma cells through oxidative stress and DNA damage, and this inhibition intensifies at higher irradiance levels. Although the cells initially attempt to resist the stress induced by the treatment, they eventually undergo apoptosis over time. These findings contribute to understanding melanoma's molecular response to blue light PBM, lay the groundwork for future clinical applications.
A comparison of virtual reality and three‐dimensional multiplanar educational methods for student learning of cone beam computed tomography interpretations
Authors: Bui Duy , Benavides Erika , Soki Fabiana , Ramaswamy Vidya , Kosecki Brianna , Bonine Brandon , Kim‐Berman Hera
Published: June 2024

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to compare student learning of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) interpretation using immersive virtual reality (VR) and three‐dimensional multiplanar (MP) reconstructions.

Methods

Sixty first‐year dental students were randomly allocated to two groups, VR and MP, and underwent a one‐on‐one educational intervention to identify anatomic structures using CBCT data. All participants completed three multiple‐choice questionnaires (MCQs) before (T1), immediately after (T2), and 2 weeks following (T3) the intervention. Additionally, pre‐survey, post‐survey, NASA Task Load Index (NASA‐TLX), and presence questionnaires were completed. Analysis of objective measures of performance on MCQs and subjective data from the questionnaires was completed (α = 0.05).

Results

There was a significant increase in test performance and informational recall between T1–T2 and T1–T3 for VR and MP groups (p < 0.001). However, there were no significant differences in performance on MCQs between T2 and T3. Analysis of the Presence questionnaire indicated that the VR group felt decreased distraction (p = 0.013), increased realism (p = 0.035), and increased involvement (p = 0.047) during the educational intervention when compared with the MP group. Analysis of the NASA‐TLX indicated that the VR group experienced more physical demand (p < 0.01) but similar cognitive demand when compared with the MP group. Qualitative responses indicated that the VR group had a more dynamic sense of visualization and manipulation compared to the MP group.

Conclusion

Results from this study show that VR is as effective as traditional MP methods of CBCT interpretation learning. Further benefits of VR educational intervention include increased involvement, realism and less distraction.
Morphometric, macroscopic and microscopic investigation of glandulae uropygiale in turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo)
Authors: İşbilir Fatma , Özgüden Akkoç Cansel Güzin , İşbilir İhsan , Özöner Özgür , Güzel Barış Can , Arıcan İlker , Atalgın Şükrü Hakan , Can Mehmet , Bekmezci Soner
Published: June 2024

This study was carried out to investigate the macroanatomical, morphometric, histological, and electron microscopic characteristics of the uropygial gland in adult male and female turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo). The glandula uropygialis of 13 adult turkeys (6 males and 7 females) were used for this study. It was determined that this glandular structure located dorsal to the last caudal vertebrae was heart‐shaped and consisted of two lobes and a papilla system. As a result of statistical evaluation, significant differences were found between the sexes in the parameters of lobe length, papilla width and papilla height (p < .05). Also, papilla uropygialis index (PUI) value had a statistically significant difference (p < .05). Tissue samples taken to determine the histological structure of the gland were stained with Hematoxylin & Eosin, Crossman's triple, periodic acid Schiff (PAS), diastase, and orcein. Histological examination revealed that the gland had a two‐lobed structure surrounded by a capsule composed of connective tissue. It was determined that the gland had a tubular structure and the epithelial layer consisted of cellular layers as a germinative layer, intermediate layer, secretory layer, and degenerative layer from the periphery to center. In the scanning electron microscope examination, the lobe structure of the gland consisted of different shaped follicles protruding from the surface. It was observed that these glandular follicle structures were gathered together in different ways or mostly disorganized. As a result of the study, it was determined that the morphological and histological structure of the uropygial gland in turkeys was similar to that of other bird species, but showed some species‐specific and habitat‐dependent differences in general. Arıcan

Research Highlights

The uropygial gland consisted of a system of two lobes and one papilla in each of male and female turkeys.

The glandular lobes consisted of follicles surrounded by connective tissue, while the follicles were connected to each other by interfollicular septae.

The results obtained in morphometric measurements revealed statistical differences between male and female birds.

Histological examination showed periodic acid Schiff (PAS) (+) reaction in the basal membranes of tubule epithelial cells and secretion.

Lymphoid cell communities were found in both connective tissue and intertubular regions.

The fact that the reaction was not glycogen‐induced was determined by the observation of PAS positivity as a result of staining with the PAS‐diastase technique.
Reduction of metal artefacts from bilateral hip prostheses during lower extremity computed tomography angiography: an experimental phantom study
Authors: Abdalqader Omarah N. , Hjouj Mohammad , Aljamal Mohammad , Hjouj Fawaz , Abuzaid Mohamed , Mousa Mahmoud
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Image quality reduction due to metallic artefacts is a significant challenge during vascular computed tomography (CT) imaging of the lower extremities in patients with hip prostheses. This study aims to analyse various reconstruction algorithms' ability to reduce metal artefacts due to two types of hip prostheses during lower extremity CT angiography examinations.

Methods

A pelvis phantom was fabricated with the insertion of a tube filled with contrast media to simulate the femoral artery, and the phantom was then CT scanned with and without hip prostheses. Multimodal images were acquired using different kilovoltage peak (kVp) settings and reconstructed with different algorithms, such as filtered back projection (FBP), iterative reconstruction (iDose4), iterative model‐based reconstruction (IMR) and orthopaedic metal artefact reduction (O‐MAR). Image quality was assessed based on image noise, signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and Hounsfield unit (HU) deviation.

Results

The IMR approach significantly improved image quality compared to iDose4 and FBP. For the vascular region, O‐MAR improves SNR by 5 ± 1, 23 ± 5 and 42 ± 9 for FBP, iDose4 and IMR respectively, and improves HU precision towards the baseline values by 49% and 83% for FBP and IMR, respectively. The noise reduction was 71% and 89% for FBP and IMR, and 57% for iDose4. O‐MAR greatly enhances SNR corrections among the most severe artefacts, with 29 ± 1 and 43 ± 4 for FBP and IMR, compared to iDose4 by 37 ± 7.

Conclusion

IMR combined with O‐MAR could improve the CT angiography of the lower extremities of patients with a hip prosthesis.
Metabolic effects and cardiovascular disease risks of antiviral treatments in patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Shin Hyunjae , Lim Gyung Sun , Yoon Jae Woong , Ko Yunmi , Park Youngsu , Park Jeayeon , Hur Moon Haeng , Park Min Kyung , Cho Yuri , Lee Yun Bin , Cho Eun Ju , Kim Bo Hyun , Lee Jeong‐Hoon , Yu Su Jong , Yoon Jung‐Hwan , Kim Yoon Jun
Published: June 2024

Different antiviral treatments for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) have been known to have different metabolic effects. This study aimed to reveal whether tenofovir alafenamide (TAF)‐induced dyslipidemia and its associated outcomes are significant. This study utilized 15‐year historical cohort including patients with CHB in Korea and consisted of two parts: the single‐antiviral and switch‐antiviral cohorts. In the single‐antiviral cohort, patients were divided into four groups (entecavir [ETV]‐only, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate [TDF]‐only, TAF‐only, and non‐antiviral). Propensity score matching (PSM) and linear regression model were sequentially applied to compare metabolic profiles and estimated atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risks longitudinally. In the switch‐antiviral cohort, pairwise analyses were conducted in patients who switched NAs to TAF or from TAF. In the single‐antiviral cohort, body weight and statin use showed significant differences between groups before PSM, but well‐balanced after PSM. Changes in total cholesterol were significantly different between groups (−2.57 mg/dL/year in the TDF‐only group and +2.88 mg/dL/year in the TAF‐only group; p = 0.002 and p = 0.02, respectively). In the TDF‐only group, HDL cholesterol decreased as well (−0.55 mg/dL/year; p < 0.001). The TAF‐only group had the greatest increase in ASCVD risk, followed by the TDF‐only group and the non‐antiviral group. In the switch‐antiviral cohort, patients who switched from TDF to TAF had a higher total cholesterol after switching (+9.4 mg/dL/year) than before switching (−1.0 mg/dL/year; p = 0.047). Sensitivity analysis on data with an observation period set to a maximum of 3 years for NA treatment showed consistent results on total cholesterol (−2.96 mg/dL/year in the TDF‐only group and +3.09 mg/dL/year in the TAF‐only group; p = 0.001 and p = 0.005, respectively). Another sensitivity analysis conducted on statin‐treated patients revealed no significant change in cholesterol and ASCVD risk. TAF was associated with increased total cholesterol, whereas TDF was associated with decreased total and HDL cholesterol. Both TAF and TDF were associated with increased ASCVD risks, and statin use might mitigate these risks.
Cystathionine γ‐lyase contributes to exacerbation of periodontal destruction in experimental periodontitis under hyperglycemia
Authors: Song Danni , He Jiangfeng , Cheng Tianfan , Jin Lijian , Li Sijin , Chen Beibei , Li Yongming , Liao Chongshan
Published: June 2024

Background

Diabetes is one of the major inflammatory comorbidities of periodontitis via 2‐way interactions. Cystathionine γ‐lyase (CTH) is a pivotal endogenous enzyme synthesizing hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and CTH/H2S is crucially implicated in modulating inflammation in various diseases. This study aimed to explore the potential role of CTH in experimental periodontitis under a hyperglycemic condition.

Methods

CTH‐silenced and normal human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) were cultured in a high glucose and Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (P.g‐LPS) condition. The effects of CTH on hPDLCs were assessed by Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK8), real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR), and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The model of experimental periodontitis under hyperglycemia was established on both Cth−/− and wild‐type (WT) mice, and the extent of periodontal destruction was assessed by micro‐CT, histology, RNA‐Seq, Western blot, tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and immunostaining.

Results

CTH mRNA expression increased in hPDLCs in response to increasing concentration of P.g‐LPS stimulation in a high glucose medium. With reference to WT mice, Cth−/− mice with experimental periodontitis under hyperglycemia exhibited reduced bone loss, decreased leukocyte infiltration and hindered osteoclast formation, along with reduced expression of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) in periodontal tissue. RNA‐seq‐enriched altered NF‐κB pathway signaling in healthy murine gingiva with experimental periodontitis mice under hyperglycemia. Accordingly, phosphorylation of p65 (P‐p65) was alleviated in CTH‐silenced hPDLCs, leading to decreased expression of IL6 and TNF. CTH knockdown inhibited activation of nuclear factor kappa‐B (NF‐κB) pathway and decreased production of proinflammatory cytokines under high glucose and P.g‐LPS treatment.

Conclusion

The present findings suggest the potential of CTH as a therapeutic target for tackling periodontitis in diabetic patients.
Local practice variations and payer differences underlie state‐wide disparities in oncoplastic breast surgery
Authors: Yang Alan Z. , Hyland Colby J. , Miller Amitai S. , Killelea Brigid K. , Starr Bryce F. , Broyles Justin M.
Published: June 2024

Background

Little is known about disparities in oncoplastic breast surgery delivery.

Methods

The Massachusetts All‐Payer Claims Database was queried for patients who received lumpectomy for a diagnosis of breast cancer. Oncoplastic surgery was defined as adjacent tissue transfer, complex trunk repair, reduction mammoplasty, mastopexy, flap‐based reconstruction, prosthesis insertion, or unspecified breast reconstruction after lumpectomy.

Results

We identified 18 748 patients who underwent lumpectomy between 2016 and 2020. Among those, 3140 patients underwent immediate oncoplastic surgery and 436 patients underwent delayed oncoplastic surgery. Eighty‐one percent of patients who underwent oncoplastic surgery did so in the same county as they underwent a lumpectomy. However, the relative frequency of oncoplastic surgery varied significantly among counties. In multivariable regression, public insurance status (odds ratio: 0.87, 95% confidence interval: 0.80–0.95, p = 0.002) was associated with lower odds of undergoing oncoplastic surgery, even after adjusting for macromastia, other comorbidities, and county of lumpectomy. Average payments for lumpectomy with oncoplastic surgery were more than twice as high from private insurers ($840 vs. $1942, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Disparities in the receipt of oncoplastic surgery were related to differences in local practice patterns and the type of insurance patients held. Expanding services across counties and considering billing reform may help reduce these disparities.
Efficacy of using autologous cells with graft substitutes for spinal fusion surgery: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of clinical outcomes and imaging features
Authors: Salamanna F. , Contartese D. , Tedesco G. , Ruffilli A. , Manzetti M. , Viroli G. , Traversari M. , Faldini C. , Giavaresi G.
Published: June 2024

Over the past several decades, there has been a notable increase in the total number of spinal fusion procedures worldwide. Advanced spinal fusion techniques, surgical approaches, and new alternatives in grafting materials and implants, as well as autologous cellular therapies, have been widely employed for treating spinal diseases. While the potential of cellular therapies to yield better clinical results is appealing, supportive data are needed to confirm this claim. This meta‐analysis aims to compare the radiographic and clinical outcomes between graft substitutes with autologous cell therapies and graft substitutes alone. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for studies comparing graft substitutes with autologous cell therapies and graft substitutes alone up to February 2024. The risk of bias of the included studies was evaluated using the Downs and Black checklist. The following outcomes were extracted for comparison: fusion success, complications/adverse events, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score, and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) score. Thirteen studies involving 836 patients were included, with 7 studies considered for the meta‐analysis. Results indicated that the use of graft substitutes with autologous cell therapies demonstrated higher fusion success rates at 3, 6, and 12 months, lower VAS score at 6 months, and lower ODI score at 3, 6, and 12 months. The complication rate was similar between graft substitutes with autologous cell therapies and graft substitutes alone. Although the current literature remains limited, this meta‐analysis suggests that the incorporation of cellular therapies such as bone marrow and platelet derivatives with graft substitutes is associated with a higher fusion rate and significant improvements in functional status and pain following spinal fusion. Future well‐designed randomized clinical trials are needed to definitively assess the clinical effectiveness of cellular therapies in spinal fusion.
The genetics of the European polecat in the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Barrientos Rafael , Carmona Guillermo , Burgos Tamara , Martin‐Garcia Sara , Vargas‐Ramírez Marta , Hernández‐Hernández Javier , Bandeira Victor J. , Quiles Pablo , Palacín Carlos , Martín Carlos A. , Virgós Emilio , Horreo Jose L.
Published: June 2024

Volunteer‐based roadkill monitoring schemes, including road carcass sampling, can represent considerable advances with respect to classical methods employed in conservation biology. We studied the genetic diversity, structure, and dynamics of the European polecat (Mustela putorius) across the Iberian Peninsula. We used samples of road carcasses collected by volunteers because this carnivore is an elusive species otherwise difficult to monitor with standard field protocols. We gathered 238 samples obtained from 2004 to 2022 from 13 different areas (8–31 samples/area). Using microsatellite loci, we identified 4 genetic units with gene flow among 3 of them in the Iberian Peninsula. The genetic variability was steadily low in 1 of the areas (Girona) for all the parameters evaluated. This area is also genetically isolated from the other studied areas. The inbreeding coefficient was significant in the north‐ and south‐Iberia units, and we did not detect a bottleneck signature in any of the 4 genetic units. Future conservation actions should consider the genetic dissimilarity among detected units and elucidate the ecological factors that have led to the observed genetic patterns.
Use of Cervical Fascia to Prevent Pharyngocutaneus Fistula After Total Laryngectomy
Authors: Zorlu Mehmet Ekrem , Kertmen Canberk , Aysel Abdulhalim , Yilmaz Fatih , Dalgic Abdullah , Muderris Togay
Published: June 2024

Objective

This study aimed to compare the pharyngocutaneous fistula (PCF) between patients who underwent reconstruction using cervical fascia after total laryngectomy and those who did not and to investigate the factors affecting PCF rates.

Methods

We retrospectively compared 22 patients operated between February 2021 and March 2023 who received cervical fascia flap as the study group and 21 patients operated between January 2018 and March 2023 who did not receive fascia flap as the control group. The study included patients who underwent total laryngectomy for Stage 3 and 4 squamous cell laryngeal cancer.

Results

We included 43 patients, with 22 (51.2%) and 21 patients (48.8%) in the study and control groups, respectively. The age and sex were not different between the two groups (p = 0.471, p = 0.176, respectively). The distribution of patients as per sex, smoking, alcohol use, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, and multiple comorbidities was similar in both groups (p > 0.05). PCF was observed in one patient (4.5%) and seven patients (33.3%) in the study and control groups, respectively. The PCF rate was significantly lower in the study group (p = 0.021). When the relationship between flap use and risk factors was compared by correlation analysis, a moderate negative relationship was found between flap use and PCF (p = 0.015, r = −0.370).

Conclusion

The use of a cervical fascia flap is effective in reducing fistula rates after total laryngectomy. Its main advantages include being technically simpler than alternative techniques, locally available, cost‐effective.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 134:4964–4970, 2024
Melt‐Processable and Electrospinnable Shape‐Memory Hydrogels
Authors: Abdullah Turdimuhammad , Altınkok Cagatay , Okay Oguz
Published: June 2024

Due to their ability to adapt to subtle changes in response to various external and internal stimuli, smart hydrogels have become increasingly popular in research and industry. However, many currently available hydrogels suffer from poor processability and inferior mechanical properties. For example, the preparation of a hydrogel network that can be subjected to melt processing and electrospinning is challenging. Herein, a series of mechanically strong, shape‐memory hydrogels based on polyacrylic acid (PAAc) chains containing 20–50 mol% of crystallizable n‐octadecylacrylate (C18A) segments are prepared by an organosolv method followed by in situ physical cross‐linking via hydrophobic interactions. The hydrogels exhibit a reversible strong to weak gel transition at 50–60 °C and can be melt‐processed at 60–100 °C, depending on the molar fraction of C18A. Additionally, the hydrogels can be dissolved in chloroform/ethanol mixture to form a viscous solution, which can then be used to produce a nanofibrous network by electrospinning. Effects of polymer concentration, volume ratio of solvents, and mole fraction of C18A on electrospinning are investigated to produce smooth, uniform nanofibers with small fiber diameter. The produced nanofibers, while maintaining their chemical structure, show significantly improved water adsorption capacity, enhanced mechanical properties, and fast shape‐memory performance.
A Critical Examination of the Clinical Diagnosis of Functional Tic‐like Behaviors
Authors: Andersen Kaja , Cavanna Andrea Eugenio , Szejko Natalia , Müller‐Vahl Kirsten R. , Hedderly Tammy , Skov Liselotte , Mol Debes Nanette
Published: June 2024

Background

Since the COVID‐19 pandemic, movement disorder clinics have seen an increase in patients with an unusual type of tic‐like symptoms: young adults with abrupt onset complex behaviors. It was quickly suspected that these patients suffered from functional neurological symptoms, later named Functional Tic‐Like Behaviors (FTLB). Subsequent research on the differential diagnosis between FTLB and tics has been substantial and led to the development of diagnostic checklists.

Objectives

We conducted a theoretical reappraisal of the FTLB literature to clarify the validity of the concept and its diagnostic implications.

Methods

This paper addresses several key aspects of the current FTLB literature: circular reasoning, the complications of the FTLB phenomenology and demographics, the impact of FTLB on tic literature at large, and issues with alignment of the FTLB concept with the diagnostic criteria for functional disorders.

Results

The clinical approach to FTLB might involve circular reasoning due to a lack of clinical benchmarks. The FTLB phenomenology and demographics may need more work to ensure a lack of bias and a proper description of this patient group including a clear distinction from tics. The impact of the FTLB discussion on the wider literature needs consideration. The validation of positive signs may help with both these endeavors and pave way to the inclusion of FTLB within psychiatric classification systems. Furthermore, the coexistence of FTLB and tics within the same patient needs to be addressed.

Conclusion

More research may be needed to fully establish the diagnosis of FTLB and differentiate it from tics.
Postbiotics Prepared Using Lactobacillus reuteri Ameliorates Ethanol‐Induced Liver Injury by Regulating the FXR/SHP/SREBP‐1c Axis
Authors: Liu Chen , Cai Tianying , Cheng Yonglang , Bai Junjie , Li Mo , Gu Boyuan , Huang Meizhou , Fu Wenguang
Published: June 2024

Scope

While probiotics‐based therapies have exhibited potential in alleviating alcohol‐associated liver disease (ALD), the specific role of postbiotics derived from Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) in ALD remains elusive. This study aims to investigate the impact of postbiotics on ameliorating alcohol‐induced hepatic steatosis and the underlying mechanisms.

Methods and results

Using network pharmacology, the study elucidates the targets and pathways impacted by postbiotics from L. reuteri, identifying the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) as a promising target for postbiotics against ALD, and lipid metabolism and alcoholism act as crucial pathways associated with postbiotics‐targeting ALD. Furthermore, the study conducts histological and biochemical analyses coupled with LC/MS to evaluate the protective effects and mechanisms of postbiotics against ALD. Postbiotics may modulate bile acid metabolism in vivo by regulating FXR signaling, activating the FXR/FGF15 pathway, and influencing the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids (BAs). Subsequently, postbiotics regulate hepatic FXR activated by BAs and modulate the expression of FXR‐mediated protein, including short regulatory partner (SHP) and sterol regulatory element binding protein‐1c (SREBP‐1c), thereby ameliorating hepatic steatosis in mice with ALD.

Conclusion

Postbiotics effectively alleviate ethanol‐induced hepatic steatosis by regulating the FXR/SHP/SREBP‐1c axis, as rigorously validated in both in vivo and in vitro.
Integrated liquid–liquid percentage determination microwave sensor exploiting single‐frequency transmission amplitude measurement technique
Authors: Masoumabad Mehdi Alipour , Delmonte Nicolò , Silvestri Lorenzo , Perregrini Luca , Bozzi Maurizio
Published: June 2024

This letter presents an integrated liquid–liquid percentage determination system exploiting the single‐frequency transmission measurement technique. The system is composed of an oscillator, working at a single‐frequency (f0), a circular substrate‐integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity resonator perturbed at the center to accommodate a glass pipe with the liquid under test (LUT), and a power detector to measure the transmission amplitude variation due to the presence of different LUTs. This system is a great solution for locally embedded and inexpensive applications by avoiding bulky and expensive scattering parameter measurement devices such as vector network analyzers. Furthermore, its single‐frequency measurement capability makes it an excellent candidate for real‐time measurements. The system is designed to work at 2.47 GHz, which falls into the Industrial, Scientific, and Medical regime. The discrepancies between the proposed model and the measurements are compensated using a proper error calibration method, leading to a significant reduction in the percentage reading errors.
RZ‐PPM impulse tone‐based CSI estimation for adaptive threshold decision in FSO communications
Authors: Jing Qian‐Wen , Hong Yan‐Qing , Liu Min‐Fang
Published: June 2024

This paper proposes a return‐to‐zero pulse position modulation (RZ‐PPM) impulse tone‐based channel state information (CSI) estimation for adaptive threshold decision (ATD) in free‐space optical (FSO) communications. RZ‐PPM is characterized by impulse tones in the spectrum. Therefore, CSI can be extracted by applying a local oscillator (LO) with the frequencies of impulse tones and low pass filter, which is then used to realize ATD. The proposed method was studied in simulation under RZ‐PPM signals with various number of pulse positions and frequencies of LO. The simulation results show that in FSO communication systems, the use of optimized weighting factor for impulse tone CSI estimation method significantly improves the performance in the absence of accurate CSI, approaching the performance of the traditional ATD with precise CSI knowledge. It proves that the proposed technique was feasible for adaptation in FSO communication systems.
Sleep disturbance associations between parents and children with overweight and obesity
Authors: Tsai Shao‐Yu , Tung Yi‐Ching , Huang Chuen‐Min , Gordon Christopher James , Machan Elizabeth , Lee Chien‐Chang
Published: June 2024

This cross‐sectional study examined sleep disturbance associations between parents and their school‐age children with overweight and obesity. A 7‐day wrist‐worn actigraph recording was performed on 246 children aged 6–9 years with overweight and obesity recruited from 10 public elementary schools in Taipei, Taiwan. Children's sleep disturbance was assessed using the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire. Parental subjective sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, with parental depressive symptoms measured using the Epidemiologic Studies‐Depression Scale. General linear models were used to examine sleep disturbance associations within parent‐child dyads. The results showed that 208 (84.6%) children had a clinically significant sleep disturbance score, and 123 (50%) parents had poor sleep quality. Higher children's sleep disturbance scores significantly predicted poorer parental sleep quality (b = 0.11, p < 0.001). Poorer parental sleep quality was associated with more severe sleep disturbances in children (b = 0.46, p < 0.001). This association was independent of children's actigraphic sleep (all p > 0.05) and was not attenuated by adjustment for parental depressive symptoms (b = 0.14, p < 0.001). Findings from our study suggest that sleep disturbances occur in both parents and their school‐age children with overweight and obesity, with a significant bidirectional association between the two. Nurses and healthcare professionals should proactively assess and screen for sleep disturbances in parent‐child dyads of children with overweight and obesity. Future studies should develop family‐based sleep interventions and evaluate their effects on the sleep, health, and well‐being of children with overweight and obesity and their parents.
Resilient and robust management policy for multi‐stage supply chains with perishable goods and inaccurate forecast information: A distributed model predictive control approach
Authors: Jetto B. , Orsini V.
Published: June 2024

An efficient supply chain (SC) management requires that decisions are taken to minimize the effects of parametric uncertainties and unpredictable external disturbances. In this article, we consider this problem with reference to a multi‐stage SC (MSSC) whose dynamics is characterized by the following elements of complexity: perishable goods with uncertain perishability rate, an uncertain future customer demand that is only known to fluctuate inside a given compact set. The problem we face is to define a resilient and robust Replenishment Policy (RP) such that at any stage the following requirements are satisfied: the fulfilled demand is maximized, overstocking is avoided, the bullwhip effect (BE) is mitigated. These objectives should be pursued despite the mentioned uncertainties and unexpected customer demand behaviors violating the bounds of the compact set. Robustness is here intended with respect to uncertainty on the perishability rate, and resiliency as the ability to quickly react to the mentioned unforeseen customer demands. We propose a method based on a distributed resilient robust model predictive control (DRRMPC) approach. Each local robust MPC (RMPC) involves solving a Min‐Max constrained optimization problem (MMCOP). To drastically reduce the numerical complexity of each MMCOP, we parametrize its solution by means of B‐spline functions.
Overexpression of H2AFX gene in neuroblastoma is associated with worse prognosis
Authors: Ognibene Marzia , Parodi Stefano , Amoroso Loredana , Zara Federico , Pezzolo Annalisa
Published: June 2024

Background

Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common solid tumour in childhood, and rises in the sympathetic nervous system. Here, we addressed the in silico analysis of the association between the expression of H2AFX gene involved in DNA damage response, and the survival of a cohort of 786 NB patients.

Methods

In silico gene expression was retrieved from the publicly available dataset summarised by Cangelosi et al., including 13,696 gene expression profiles of 786 NB tumours at onset of disease. The prognostic value of H2AFX (H2A histone family member X) gene expression for event‐free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) was evaluated by Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analysis. The main results were validated on another openly accessible in silico database (NRC‐283) containing 13,489 gene expressions in 283 NB patients. The expression of H2AFX protein was then tested by immunofluorescence on 48 primary NB samples of different tumour stages. H2AFX activity as an oncogene has been further validated in vitro by silencing the molecule in two NB cell lines, characterised by MYCN amplified or not, and performing cell growth and migration assays.

Results

A strong inverse association between H2AFX expression and patients’ survival was observed and confirmed by immunofluorescence results on primary NB tissue sections. Cox regression analysis also disclosed H2AFX as an independent predictor of EFS and OS. The gene‐silencing experiments strongly suggested an oncogenic role for H2AFX on NB cells, regardless of MYCN amplification.

Conclusions

H2AFX is a prognostic marker for unfavourable NB and could be considered a target for therapeutic interventions.
Improved detection of cystic fibrosis by the California Newborn Screening Program for all races and ethnicities
Authors: McGarry Meghan E. , Sciortino Stanley , Graham Steve , Bishop Tracey , Gibb Elizabeth R.
Published: June 2024

Background

Newborn screening (NBS) for cystic fibrosis (CF) is universal in the United States. Protocols vary but include an immunoreactive trypsinogen (IRT) level and CFTR variant panel. California CF NBS has a 3‐step screening: IRT level, variant panel, and CFTR sequencing if only one variant identified on panel.

Methods

This was a cohort study of infants with CF born in California (2007−2021) to examine racial and ethnic differences in having a false‐negative NBS result for CF and at which step the false‐negative occurred. We examined how different CFTR variant panels would improve detection of variants by race and ethnicity: original 39‐variant panel, current 75‐variant panel, and all 402 disease‐causing CFTR variants in the CFTR2 database.

Results

Of the 912 infants born in California with CF, 84 had a false‐negative result: 38 due to low IRT level and 46 with a high IRT value (but incomplete variant detection). Asian (OR 6.3) and Black infants (OR 2.5) were more likely to have a false‐negative screening result than non‐Hispanic white infants. The majority of false‐negative screening (but CF diagnosis) cases among American Indian/Native Alaskan and non‐Hispanic White infants were due to low IRT levels. The majority of Asian and Hispanic infants with false‐negative screening had no variants detected. Detection of two CFTR variants was improved with the 75‐variant panel in Black, Hispanic, and non‐Hispanic White infants and with the 402‐variant panel in Black, Hispanic, non‐Hispanic White, and other race infants.

Conclusions

Larger CFTR panels in NBS improved the detection of CF in all races and ethnicities.
Robust Contact by Direct Formation of CAu Bond in Suspended Armchair Graphene Nanoribbon
Authors: Hassanien Abdou
Published: June 2024

The Schottky contact between metal electrode and armchair graphene nanoribbon (AGNR) plays a fundamental role in limiting the current flow as well as the overall device characteristics. To improve device performance, the metal electrode must be engineered to lower barrier height and allow low‐resistance ohmic contact. Nevertheless, in most cases, this gives rise to interfacial states which dictate the contact properties and induce Fermi level pinning. Herein, another strategy to form robust and transparent 7‐atom‐wide‐AGNR (7‐AGNR)/Au contacts in which a direct CAu σ bond is initialized by the tip of scanning tunneling microscope (STM) on a dehydrogenated terminus is demonstrated. This process has led to a total lift‐off of 7‐AGNR from the Au(111) substrate and allowed us to visualize the details of the band structure. Furthermore, it is found that GNR is useful as an STM tip for high‐resolution selective imaging of edge states showing a unique interference pattern with a periodicity that coincides with half of Fermi wavelength of GNR lattice. The combination of imaging and tunneling spectroscopy with GNR‐tip is promising for unraveling intrinsic details in the band structure which are of fundamental importance to understand the transport properties of GNRs devices.
New sights into new‐onset and relapsed minimal change disease post COVID‐19 vaccination: A systemic review of the clinical characteristics and underlying pathogenesis
Authors: Liu Jiarong , Xu Gaosi
Published: June 2024

Background

Minimal change disease (MCD) following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccination has been increasingly reported; however, the clinical characteristics and pathogenesis of patients with MCD have not been thoroughly discussed.

Methods

A systematic literature search of published data up until May 10, 2023, was conducted using the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and SinoMed databases. MCD patients diagnosed by renal biopsy following COVID‐19 vaccination were analyzed with the largest sample size to date.

Results

A total of 85 patients were included in the present statistical analysis, including 50 new‐onset and 35 relapsed MCD subjects following COVID‐19 vaccination. Compared with new‐onset MCD patients, the relapsed patients had previously suffered from one or two other diseases (12/50 vs. 34/35, p < 0.001). The laboratory results indicated that new‐onset MCD was more serious than MCD relapse, as evidenced by higher serum creatinine (p = 0.036) and urinary protein levels (p < 0.001), along with lower levels of serum albumin (p < 0.001). The new‐onset subjects responded to corticosteroids alone, while the relapsed patients acquired combined therapies involving immunosuppressants and steroids (p < 0.001). Compared with MCD onset after two vaccine doses, those who immediately flared after the first vaccination had more comorbidities (p = 0.011). Comparatively, the first dose‐onset patients showed a higher response rate to treatments than the second dose‐onset patients (44/50 vs. 22/35, p = 0.017).

Conclusions

New‐onset MCD was more severe than relapsed MCD in terms of laboratory results and clinical manifestations after COVID‐19 vaccination. Overall, combining both corticosteroid therapy and immunosuppressive treatment yields an effective approach to managing the condition.
A grand mimicker of pulmonary malignancy: The massive mediastinal intercostal nerve tumour
Authors: Haq Syed H. , Friederick Claire , Eapen David , Shah Sidra , Begmatov Hoshimjon , Sandesh F. N. U. , Chanamolu Sreenivasa
Published: June 2024

Mediastinal mass‐like manifestations often cause alarm and instigate a myriad of investigative testing to rule out insidious malignant processes. However, a unique and benign finding, the schwannoma can present either incidentally or while in pursuit of a symptomatic presentation. Given its rarity, limited literature exists on these neurogenic tumours with less than three dozen reported cases. No specific guidelines exist regarding the extent of required advanced imaging or degree of invasive evaluation. Therefore, practitioners confronted with these intrathoracic tumours may find management challenging or delayed. We present a case discussing a large benign tumour causing symptomatic burden, the investigative methods implored and treatment modality. We add to the literature another unique presentation of an intercostal nerve sheath tumour with schwannoma pathology.
Optimizing Droplet‐Based Electricity Generator via a Low Sticky Hydrophobic Droplet‐Impacted Surface
Authors: Min Guanbo , Wang Wenjun , Li Huifan , Wang Tingyu , Li Chengyu , Xu Shuxing , Xu Kun , Shang Yurui , Zhao Xin , Khandelwal Gaurav , Jiao Xufeng , Tang Wei
Published: June 2024

Droplet‐based electricity generators (DEGs) are increasingly recognized for their potential in converting renewable energy sources. This study explores the interplay of surface hydrophobicity and stickiness in improving DEG efficiency. It find that the high‐performance C‐WaxDEGs leverage both these properties. Specifically, DEGs incorporating polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with carnauba wax (C‐wax) exhibit increased output as surface stickiness decreases. Through experimental comparisons, PDMS with 1wt.% C‐wax demonstrated a significant power output increase from 0.07 to 1.2 W m−2, which attribute to the minimized adhesion between water molecules and the polymer surface, achieved by embedding C‐wax into PDMS surface to form microstructures. This improvement in DEG performance is notable even among samples with similar surface potentials and contact angles, suggesting that C‐wax's primary contribution is in reducing surface stickiness rather than altering other surface properties. The further investigations into the C‐WaxDEG variant with 1wt.% C‐wax PDMS uncover its potential as a sensor for water quality parameters such as temperature, pH, and heavy metal ion concentration. These findings open avenues for the integration of C‐WaxDEGs into flexible electronic devices aimed at environmental monitoring.
Designable polypyrrole pattern in hydrogel achieved by photo‐controllable concentration of Fe3+ initiator
Authors: Zhao Xinyu , Xu Huidong , Liu Zhao‐Tie , Li Guo , Jiang Jinqiang , Liu Zhong‐Wen
Published: June 2024

Conductive polymer hydrogels (CPHs) are promising in cutting‐edge applications including bioelectronics and tissue engineering. However, the precise regulation of the spatial distribution of the conductive polymer (CP) in the hydrogel network is still an issue for designing a smart material. Herein, we propose a facile method for preparing CPH‐based smart materials by controlling the distribution of Fe3+ initiator with UV light irradiation. Thus, designable polypyrrole (PPy) conductive patterns in the polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate (PVA/SA) semi‐interpenetrating hydrogel network are demonstrated by controlling the concentration of Fe3+ ions coordinated with carboxylate groups. Depending on the irradiation time, the reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+ occurs in different extents. As a result, the controllable polymerization of pyrrole only initiated by Fe3+ is achieved to form desirable CPH patterns, which are confirmed by the characterization results of Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, the developed hydrogel with PPy patterns is illustrated for the application in smart conductive circuit and information encryption. The simple procedure and the controllable conductive patterning of the proposed method make it a promising route in developing smart hydrogel materials, which can be extended to other Fe3+ initiated CP patterns.