bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Image Segmentation Performance using Deeplabv3+ with Resnet-50 on Autism Facial Classification
Authors: Melinda Melinda , Aqif Hurriyatul , Junidar Junidar , Oktiana Maulisa , Binti Basir Nurlida , Afdhal Afdhal , Zainal Zulfan
Published: July 2024

In recent years, significant advancements in facial recognition technology have been marked by the prominent use of convolutional neural networks (CNN), particularly in identification applications. This study introduces a novel approach to face recognition by employing ResNet-50 in conjunction with the DeepLabV3 segmentation method. The primary focus of this research lies in the thorough analysis of ResNet-50's performance both without and with the integration of DeepLabV3+ segmentation, specifically in the context of datasets comprising faces of children on the autism spectrum (ASD). The utilization of DeepLabV3+ serves a dual purpose: firstly, to mitigate noise within the datasets, and secondly, to eliminate unnecessary features, ultimately enhancing overall accuracy. Initial results obtained from datasets without segmentation demonstrate a commendable accuracy of 83.7%. However, the integration of DeepLabV3+ yields a substantial improvement, with accuracy soaring to 85.9%. The success of DeepLabV3+ in effectively segmenting and reducing noise within the dataset underscores its pivotal role in refining facial recognition accuracy. In essence, this study underscores the pivotal role of DeepLabV3+ in the realm of facial recognition, showcasing its efficacy in reducing noise and eliminating extraneous features from datasets. The tangible outcome of increased accuracy of 85.9% post-segmentation lends credence to the assertion that DeepLabV3+ significantly contributes to refining the precision of facial recognition systems, particularly when dealing with datasets featuring faces of children on the autism spectrum.
Analisis Pola Radiasi dan Gain pada Antena Cassegrain dengan Frekuensi C-Band
Authors: Munziah Siti , Muhammadi Imam , Praja Muhammad Panji Kusuma
Published: July 2024

Teknologi komunikasi satelit merupakan teknologi telekomunikasi, dimana satelit merupakan perangkat komunikasi yang ditempatkan di ruang angkasa dan membutuhkan alokasi spektrum frekuensi untuk layanan telekomunikasi. Frekuensi yang paling banyak digunakan untuk antena komunikasi satelit adalah frekuensi C-Band. Antena diperlukan untuk mengirim dan menerima gelombang elektromagnetik sebagai penghubung komunikasi antara stasiun bumi dan satelit. Antena yang banyak digunakan dalam komunikasi satelit adalah antena reflektor parabola karena memiliki nilai gain yang tinggi dan kemampuan pemfokusan yang baik. Pada penelitian ini dirancang antena jenis parabola Cassegrain pada frekuensi kerja 6,15 GHz menggunakan software CST Suite Studio 2019. Feed horn yang digunakan pada perancangan berbeda yaitu piramid dan conical horn, untuk membandingkan kinerja parameter antena. Untuk mendapatkan hasil parameter antena dilakukan iterasi pada dimensi dan geometri antena. Hasil pengukuran pola radiasi dan gain antena cassegrain yang dihasilkan oleh feed horn berbeda menunjukkan conical horn menunjukkan hasil yang baik. Pola radiasi yang dihasilkan secara terarah pada arah main lobe 90deg. Nilai sidelobe yang rendah -28,2 dB, beamwidth 0,2. Hasil pengukuran gain yang dihasilkan oleh feed horn berbeda menunjukkan conical horn menghasilkan gain yang besar pada frekuensi kerja 6,15 GHz sebesar 41 dBi. Nilai return loss yang dihasilkan sebesar -28,16 dB, VSWR sebesar 1,03 dengan polarisasi circular
Special Issue on The Resilience Research Council of Japan
Authors: Tanaka Kazuaki
Published: July 2024

We are glad that this special issue takes up the activities of The Resilience Research Council of Japan (RRCJ). Twelve years have passed since the founding of the RRCJ. In addition to regular meetings at which experts from various fields participate in disseminating information, one of the RRCJ’s main activities is holding study groups to delve deeply into specific aspects of disaster preparedness.

To respond to the intensification and frequent occurrence of disasters in recent years, it is urgent to review existing measures against disasters and business continuity plans (BCPs). Furthermore, comprehensive and flexible strategies should be developed to enhance disaster resilience. Each study in this special issue provides new perspectives and clues on this problem.

First, the existing BCPs lack concrete measures from the perspectives of individual corporate departments and employees. To tackle this problem, new procedures are proposed to formulate BCPs based on the questions “What if?” and “What when?” This is expected to increase the effectiveness of BCPs.

Second and third, comprehensive methods for evaluating resilience are lacking. As a result of an examination of the 13 current indexes of “Resilient Organizations” and the “Organization Resilience Index” of the British Standards Institution, it is revealed that some important elements are absent from the evaluation of corporate resilience. By complementing the corporate resilience model with these elements, the model can be improved.

Furthermore, local governments must implement effective disaster countermeasures for those with limited resources in their disaster management plans.

The fourth study evaluates disaster management measures from the point of view of both local governments and residents, and proposes innovative solutions to collaborate and organize, adapt to the environment, and manage for the next generation. This reveals the problems faced by local governments and residents’ lack of knowledge, and provides a roadmap for future improvements.

Overall, these studies indicate that creating a resilience strategy involving all stakeholders is an urgent matter, provide valuable insight into the limits of current strategies, and offer guidelines for strengthening the important aspects of resilience so that corporations and local governments can respond to disasters more effectively. We expect that the effectiveness of disaster measures will be enhanced through incorporating these proposals and methods into practical policies and actual works. We sincerely thank all the contributors for their contributions to this special issue and the reviewers for their valuable comments.
Understanding the Compound Risk Context of Goma City Through the Pressure and Release Model
Authors: Tshiswaka-Tshilumba Chrioni , Nagamatsu Shingo
Published: July 2024

Goma, the capital of the North Kivu Province in the Democratic Republic of Congo, is a transborder and conflict-affected city that is also chronically vulnerable to volcanic eruptions. Using the extended version of the Pressure and Release model, this study examines Goma’s progressive vulnerability over the course of three volcanic disasters—the eruptions of Mount Nyiragongo in 1977, 2002, and 2021. We find that the rich natural resources and weak governance are the root causes of Goma’s chronic vulnerability to volcanic eruptions. In the first phase (1977–2002), an influx of ethnic groups seeking land as well as conflicts between them and natives over the land and natural resources can be regarded as dynamic pressure, generating unsafe conditions. In the second phase (2002–2021), the conflict added a global dimension, with the influx of global businesses and humanitarian organizations increasing the population pressure. It caused a gentrification process, in which the urban poor were pushed out to the marginal area of the city, which resulted in significant damage from the 2021 eruption. We find that globalization produces two opposing forces in the increased vulnerability; it accelerated economic prosperity in the region, on the one hand, but also caused a rapid population increase and increased progression, on the other.
Impact of the Global Food Crisis on Germany’s Food Aid Measures: In the Context of COVID-19, Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine, and Extreme Weather
Authors: Nakamura Tetsuya , Lloyd Steven , Maruyama Atsushi , Masuda Satoru
Published: July 2024

This study examines the results of an online survey on the impact of the global food crisis on Germany’s food aid measures. The global food crisis has left Germans food insecure, leading them to seek additional financial support to increase food production, including lower sales tax and aid for vulnerable groups. Perception of the causes of the food crisis differ across socio-economic groups, such as age, education, and income. Older participants were dissatisfied with the measures taken by the government and European Union to secure the functioning of the food security system. This group was also supportive of reduced consumption tax on food and increased charitable assistance for vulnerable groups. In Germany, where the birthrate is steadily declining and the population is aging, social security system reform is underway, with hope for stable and sustainable food assistance supported by older generations.
SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE SYSTEM DESIGN FOR THE MASS SERVICE SYSTEMS MODELING TO BE IMPLEMENTED IN GO PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
Authors: Goldiner Denys
Published: July 2024

The subject of the article is the methods and approaches to organizing the architecture of software implementation designed for modeling the behavior of mass service systems. The goal of the work is to design a software architecture for implementation in Go language, intended to replicate the behavior of various types of mass service systems, without considering the failure of individual service channels, using parallel computing. The article addresses the following tasks: consider the basis for designing the architecture and conclude its appropriateness; develop requirements for the future software product for more effective resource use and clear definition of successful completion; analyze the approaches to organizing software architecture and make a justified decision on the application of one of them; design a general algorithm scheme taking into account all requirements; identify the components of the modeled system and their interactions; build process diagrams considering the specifics of the Go programming language; define the method and contracts of interaction with the software. The research will utilize the following methods: Go programming language, concurrency, architectural UML diagrams, C4 diagrams, process diagrams. The following results were obtained: the requirements for the software for modeling mass service operations (SMO) were defined; common approaches to organizing architecture were considered and a comparative analysis was conducted; the structure of the future program was developed at the necessary levels of abstraction; for the first time, an architecture of the software product for modeling various mass service systems using parallel computing and the concurrency approach under the implementation in the Go programming language was proposed.
CONSTRUCTION OF PROBABILISTIC CAUSAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN EQUIVALENCE CLASSES OF DATA IN AN INTELLIGENT INFORMATION SYSTEM
Authors: Chalyi Serhii , Leshchynskyi Volodymyr
Published: July 2024

The subject of this research is the processes involved in generating explanations for decision-making in artificial intelligence systems. Explanations in such systems enable the decision-making process to be transparent and comprehensible for the user, thereby increasing user trust in the obtained results. The aim of this work is to develop an approach for constructing a probabilistic causal explanation model that takes into account the equivalence classes of input, intermediate, and resulting data. Solving this problem creates conditions for building explanations in the form of causal relationships based on the available information about the properties of input data as well as the properties of the results obtained in the artificial intelligence system.  To achieve this aim, the following tasks are addressed: developing a causal dependency model between the equivalence classes of input and output data; developing methods for constructing equivalence classes of data in the decision-making process and a method for constructing causal explanations. A probabilistic model of causal dependency is proposed, which includes a causal relationship between the equivalence classes of input or intermediate and resulting data obtained during the decision-making process in the artificial intelligence system. This relationship considers the estimates of the possibility and necessity of such a dependency. The model creates conditions for explaining the possible causes of the obtained decision. A set of methods for constructing equivalence classes of data in the decision-making process and for constructing causal explanations is proposed, establishing a causal relationship between the equivalence classes. When constructing equivalence classes, relations of mandatory and optional data refinement, requirements or exclusions of data, as well as data conjunctions, are established. When constructing causal explanations, the possibility and limitations of the necessity of such a dependency are calculated, allowing explanations to be built based on the available information about the obtained decisions and the input and intermediate data used to form these decisions.
ANALYSIS OF BLOCKCHAIN TYPES AND THEIR SUITABILITY FOR IMAGE STORAGE
Authors: Tereshchenko Glib , Pysarenko Yelyzaveta
Published: July 2024

There different types of blockchains and their possible use for creating an image repository are investigated. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the advantages and limitations of different types of blockchains in terms of image storage. Data processing methods were applied to analyze the technical characteristics of various types of blockchains and comparative analysis of efficiency and reliability parameters. The results were obtained, which made it possible to formulate the principles of choosing the type of blockchain for creating image storage and to identify the advantages and limitations of each type from the point of view of image storage, depending on the priorities of the software product. The conclusion is that the use of blockchain provides a high level of security and integrity of images, some types of blockchains exhibit high speed and scalability. However, it is important to understand that the preservation process may remain centralized, so more research is needed to optimally use and develop these technologies. Future research may include an analysis of the possibilities of ensuring the privacy of participants and the development of standards for the sharing of multimedia content via blockchain. It is important to consider that the use of blockchain can contribute to increasing transparency and trust in the process of storing and sharing multimedia content, which is important for the development of the digital economy. However, in order to achieve the full potential of blockchain in the field of multimedia, it is necessary to develop effective strategies to solve the problems of privacy, scalability and centralization that arise when implementing these technologies. Such a comprehensive approach will provide a stable and effective infrastructure for managing multimedia content in the digital environment.
Research on Fault pattern Recognition of High-speed and Heavy-load Robots based on Median Neural Network
Authors: Xie Changgui , Zhao Xin , Zhu Yongli
Published: July 2024

To address difficult recognition of vibration signals of heavy-load robots, a new median neural network pattern recognition method based on artificial neural network was proposed. This method builds the pattern recognition network model by using the median neurons and particle swarm optimization algorithm. In other words, the fault modes of heavy-load industrial robots are recognized quickly and accurately by using median and multiplication function as the aggregate function, and combining with the particle swarm backpropagation algorithm under the premise that there’s abnormal or fault eigenvalues in the network input mode. According to the simulation analysis and case verification, the proposed median neural network method can recognize fault modes of heavy-load robots well and it still and a smaller one recognition fault rate more traditional algorithms In below the complicated severe environment with noises. It shows remarkable recognition accuracy as well as relatively high compatibility and stability. This method not only has high theoretical value in pattern recognition of heavy-duty robots, but also possesses very important engineering practice significance in fault pattern recognition of rotary machines like ventilator and gas blower.The proposed method not only has high theoretical value in pattern recognition of heavy-duty robots, but there are also important,it has practical significance in engineering and other fields fault pattern recognition of rotating machinery such as ventilators and gas blowers.
Financial toxicity among cancer patients and survivors: a comparative study of the United Kingdom & United States
Authors: Ngan Tran Thu , Tonorezos Emily , Donnelly Michael , O’Neill Ciaran
Published: July 2024

Background
The study investigated the experiences of financial toxicity (FT) among cancer patients/survivors in the United Kingdom (UK) & the United States (US).
Methods
600 cancer patients/survivors residing in the UK (n = 319) or US (n = 281) completed an online cross-sectional survey using the COmprehensive Score for financial Toxicity (COST)-a validated measure of FT. Severity of FT was defined as ‘no’ (COST scores > = 26), ‘mild’ (14–25), and ‘moderate/severe’ (0–13).
Results
34% of UK participants faced FT which was significantly lower compared to the US at 55% (crude OR = 2.44, 95%CI: 1.73–3.42). An ordered logistic regression model showed that in the US, being 65 + years old (adjusted OR = 0.19, 95%CI: 0.07–0.48), retired (aOR = 0.26, 95%CI: 0.09–0.75), and having a higher household income (aOR ranged 0.03–0.19) decreased the risk of FT while being female increased the risk (aOR = 1.83, 95%CI: 1.01–3.32). In the UK, age and sex did not have an effect but higher income and being retired showed an identical pattern compared to the US.
Conclusions
FT was less prevalent and less severe in the UK, compared to the US. The high prevalence of FT underscores the need to provide an additional level of protection to the most vulnerable groups than is currently offered in either country.
SHIV remission in macaques with early treatment initiation and ultra long-lasting antiviral activity
Authors: Garcia-Lerma J. Gerardo , Daly Michele , Dinh Chuong , Holder Angela , Rudolph Donna , Ruone Susan , Swaims-Kohlmeier Alison , Khalil George , Sharma Sunita , Mitchell James , Condrey Jillian , Kim Daniel , Pan Yi , Curtis Kelly , Williams Peter , Spreen William , Heneine Walid
Published: July 2024

Studies in SIV-infected macaques have shown that the virus reservoir is particularly refractory to conventional suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART). We posited that optimized ART regimens designed to have robust penetration in tissue reservoirs and provide long-lasting antiviral activity may be advantageous for HIV or SIV remission. Macaques infected with RT-SHIV received oral emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide and long-acting cabotegravir and rilpivirine without (n=4) or with (n=4) the immune activator vesatolimod after the initial onset of viremia. All animals were fully suppressed during treatment (4-12 months) and showed no virus rebound during a follow up period of 1.5-2 years despite CD8+ T cell depletion. We show efficient multidrug penetration in virus reservoirs and persisting rilpivirine in plasma for 2 years after the last dose. Our results document a new type of virus remission that is achieved through early treatment initiation and provision of ultra long-lasting antiviral activity that persists after treatment cessation.
Computational insights of 1-Guanidinosuccinimide and Benzene-ethanamine, 2,5-difluoro-β- 3,4-trihydroxy-n-methyl with MDM2 as Potential Anticancer Agent
Authors: Bako Bulus , Etim Emmanuel E. , Shinggu John P. , Samuel Humphrey S. , Moses Liberty J.
Published: July 2024

Cancer remains a significant challenge in healthcare, spurring ongoing exploration for effective therapies. Computational methods, emerging as invaluable tools in drug discovery, have garnered attention for their cost-effectiveness and efficiency. In this study, we investigate the anticancer potential of 1-Guanidinosuccinimide and Benzene-ethanamine, 2,5-difluoro-β, 3,4-trihydroxy-n-methyl, targeting Mouse double minute 2, a critical protein in cancer pathways. Quantum chemical calculations with GAUSSIAN 09 (B3LYP; 6-311(d,p)) explored molecular structures across various solvation environments (Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) , ethanol, and methanol). Docking analysis using AutoDock Vina revealed binding to 4ZFI, with affinities of -5.9 and -6.6 kcal/mol, indicating diverse interactions. In-silico pharmacokinetics and ADMET profiling underscored favorable drug-like properties. Compound 2 emerged as a promising therapeutic candidate, showing superior binding versatility and strength. Both compounds adhere to Lipinski's rule, suggesting their potential as viable drug candidates. Further research and experimental validation are advocated to realize their therapeutic potential and expedite drug development efforts.
Role of size, surface charge, and PEGylated lipids of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) on intramuscular delivery of mRNA
Authors: Kong Weiwen , Wei Yuning , Dong Zirong , Liu Wenjuan , Zhao Jiaxin , Huang Yan , Yang Jinlong , Wu Wei , He Haisheng , Qi Jianping
Published: July 2024

Background
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are currently the most commonly used non-viral gene delivery system. Their physiochemical attributes, encompassing size, charge and surface modifications, significantly affect their behaviors both in vivo and in vitro. Nevertheless, the effects of these properties on the transfection and distribution of LNPs after intramuscular injection remain elusive. In this study, LNPs with varying sizes, lipid-based charges and PEGylated lipids were formulated to study their transfection and in vivo distribution. Luciferase mRNA (mLuc) was loaded in LNPs as a model nucleic acid.
Results
In vivo and in vitro results indicated that smaller-sized LNPs and those with neutral potential presented superior transfection efficiency after intramuscular injection. Surprisingly, the sizes and charges did not exert a notable influence on the in vivo distribution of the LNPs. Furthermore, PEGylated lipids with shorter acyl chains contributed to enhanced transfection efficiency due to their superior cellular uptake and lysosomal escape capabilities. Notably, the mechanisms underlying cellular uptake differed among LNPs containing various types of PEGylated lipids, which was primarily attributed to the length of their acyl chain.
Conclusions
Together, these insights underscore the pivotal role of nanoparticle characteristics and PEGylated lipids in the intramuscular route. This study not only fills crucial knowledge gaps but also provides invaluable directions for the effective delivery of mRNA via LNPs.
Virtual Reality for language learning: preliminary soft touch exploratory research
Authors: Khukalenko Iuliia , Wilson Rachel
Published: July 2024

This exploratory study delves into a language-learning virtual reality software, utilizing the VARVARA pilot application for contextualized English speaking practice. Involving 23 language teachers from 19 schools in 12 Russian regions, the mixed-methods approach combines quantitative survey responses, qualitative feedback, and platform data analysis. Results showcase a positive reception, with 82% of teachers reporting student enjoyment. Key strengths include user-friendliness, effective instructional design, and VR's innovative aspect. Despite challenges like limited hardware and classroom management, teachers express interest in integrating virtual reality. This study offers pivotal insights into the pragmatic implementation of virtual reality in language education, emphasizing the importance of teacher training, supportive infrastructure, and well-crafted educational content for effective integration.
A Cross-sectional Study Evaluating Grip Strength and Associated Factors in Turkish Nurses and Nursing Students
Authors: Savci Cemile , Akinci Ayse Cil , Sahin Safiye , Atienza Sharon , Dehom Salem , Roberts Lisa R.
Published: July 2024

Background
Grip strength is a crucial indicator of overall muscle strength and is important for the physical demands of nursing.
Objective
This study aims to examine the differences in grip strength between staff nurses and nursing students and to identify factors associated with grip strength in nursing sample.
Method
This descriptive and analytical study collected data from nursing students and staff nurses in Turkey, from May 1 to September 30, 2022. A total of 200 staff nurses and 200 nursing students participated. Data were collected using a participant information form, the Perceived Stress Scale-4 (PSS-4), and the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ). Additionally, researchers recorded anthropometric measurements and assessed grip strength using a digital hand dynamometer.
Results
Grip strength was similar across groups, with nearly half (48.8%) meeting or exceeding Turkish normative values. 79.5% of staff nurses and 66.0% of nursing students reported musculoskeletal (MSK) issues in the last 12 months. Correlation analysis indicated that grip strength negatively correlated with stress level and musculoskeletal complaints. Multiple linear regression identified height, waist-to-hip ratio, and neck circumference as significant predictors of grip strength, explaining 57% of the variance.
Conclusion
Grip strength was similar between staff nurses and nursing students, despite differences in age, BMI, and musculoskeletal issues. Height, waist-to-hip ratio, and neck circumference are key predictors of grip strength in this Turkish nursing sample. Understanding the factors influencing grip strength can help in designing targeted interventions to maintain and improve muscle strength in nursing professionals.
Managing Rebound Effect of Electric Vehicle Batteries: Exploring Potential Reuse Scenarios along with Estimating Cost-Benefit Analysis
Authors: Iqbal Bilawal , Abbas Shahbaz , Sadeq Abdellatif
Published: July 2024

The sustainable transition of automotive sector to electric vehicles (EV) is conducive for carbon neutrality. However, the prospective increase in the production of EV batteries will bring a significant anthropogenic challenge as a rebound effect after the first end of life (EOL). Therefore, it is imperative to explore the potential options of waste management of EV stripped parts after their EOL from the EV perspective, such as lithium ion batteries (LIB). Pakistan being a developing country vulnerable to climate change and ranked as the 5th most populated country in the world is susceptible to EV batteries waste. This study uncovered possible reuse options for EV batteries in Pakistan after their first EOL and extended the scope of this study to inspect the economic feasibility of reuse using cost-benefit analysis (CBA). The results reveal that the second life of EV batteries can be considered as a substitute for new batteries in photovoltaic (PV) residential storage systems, electric bikes, and reefer containers. The net present value (NPV) analysis at a discount rate of 15% suggests that the substitution of EV batteries is economically feasible in all three case studies. However, 12% of IRR in the electric bikes and payback period of reefer containers is not encouraging, as cost sensitivities are involved. The implications of the study may benefit other developing and populated countries in the sustainable management of EV batteries.
piRNAs and circRNAs acting as diagnostic biomarkers in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Xu Yin , Liu Huiling , Zhang Yingzhi , Luo Jing , Li Haomin , Lai Caiyong , Heng Baoli
Published: July 2024

Objective:The discovery of diverse functions and mechanisms in cancer has underscored the significance of emerging non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), within the clinical context of cancer. Understanding their role in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is imperative and necessitates comprehensive investigation. This study aims to further explore the diagnostic potential of piRNAs and circRNAs for ccRCC.
Methods:The dysregulated piRNAs and circRNAs in ccRCC were identified using small RNA (sRNA) high-throughput sequencing technology, while their expression in clinical samples was assessed by RT-qPCR. A paired t-test was performed to compare the expression levels of piRNAs and circRNAs between ccRCC and adjacent tissues. Additionally, ROC curve analysis was conducted to evaluate the diagnostic specificity, sensitivity, and area under the curve (AUC) of piRNAs and circRNAs.
Results:High-throughput sequencing revealed a significant downregulation of 17 piRNAs and 694 circRNAs in ccRCC tissues, accompanied by a significant upregulation of 5 piRNAs and 490 circRNAs. RT-qPCR analysis demonstrated markedly lower expression levels of piR-has-150997, 133872, 132556, 154502, and uniq-84737 in the ccRCC group compared to the adjacent tissue group (p < 0.05). When considering the combined detection of piR-hsa-150997,piR-hsa-133872,
piR-hsa-132556,piR-hsa-154502,uniq_84737,circABCC1,circNETO2_006,and circARID1B_037,
the diagnostic AUC for ccRCC was found to be high at an approximate value of AUC=0.878.
Conclusions:The diagnostic performance of piR-has-150997, 133872, 132556, 154502, uniq-84737, circABCC1, circNETO2_006, and circARID1B_037 demonstrates promise for ccRCC. A model incorporating piR-hsa-150997, uniq_84737, circABCC1, circNETO2_006, and circARID1B_037 could serve as an ideal diagnostic marker system with significant clinical utility.
MGATAF: Multi-channel Graph AttentionNetwork with Adaptive Fusion forCancer-Drug Response Prediction
Authors: Saeed Dhekra , Xing Huanlai , AlBadani Barakat , Feng Li , Al-Sabri Raeed , Oloulade Babatounde Moctard , Rehman Amir
Published: July 2024

Drug response prediction is critical in personalized medicine, aiming todetermine the most effective and safe treatments for individual patients.Traditional prediction methods relying on demographic and genetic dataoften fall short in accuracy and robustness. Recent graph-based models,while promising, frequently neglect the critical role of atomic interactionsand fail to integrate drug fingerprints with SMILES for comprehensivemolecular graph construction. We introduces MGATAF (MultimodalMulti-channel Graph Attention Network and Adaptive Fusion), a frame-work designed to enhance drug response predictions by capturing bothlocal and global interactions among graph nodes. MGATAF improvesdrug representation by integrating SMILES and fingerprints, resulting inmore precise predictions of drug effects. The methodology involves con-structing multimodal molecular graphs, employing multi-channel graph attention networks to capture diverse interactions, and using adap-tive fusion to integrate these interactions at multiple abstraction levels.Empirical results demonstrate MGATAF’s superior performance com-pared to traditional and other graph-based techniques. For example,on the GDSC dataset, MGATAF achieved a 5.12% improvement in thePearson correlation coefficient (PCC), reaching 0.9312 with an RMSE of0.0225.Similary, in new cell-line tests, MGATAF outperformed baselineswith a PCC of 0.8536 and an RMSE of 0.0321 on the GDSC dataset,and a PCC of 0.7364 with an RMSE of 0.0531 on the CCLE dataset
Systematic Reconstruction Design of the LingTai Water-powered Celestial Globe in Ancient China
Authors: Shi Kan , Wang Jun , Zhang Qiang , wang Zongjia , Wang Zhiwei
Published: July 2024

The Lingtai(灵台) water-powered celestial globe is a hydraulic astronomical instrument invented by Guo Shoujing in the Yuan Dynasty, which can demonstrate the motion of the heavenly bodies automatically and approximately correctly Due to its long history, the Lingtai(灵台) water-powered celestial globe has been lost and is only briefly recorded in ancient texts. This thesis is based on Yan's(颜氏) ancient mechanical restoration design method,and analyzes the topological structure of Lingtai(灵台) water-powered celestial globe, and summarize the topological structure characteristics, design specifications, and design requirements and limitations. This thesis proposes a new representation of joints and rods to represent the structure of the Lingtai(灵台) water-powered celestial globe, avoiding the complication of the problem caused by the excessive number of rods. According to the creative design steps of Yan's(颜氏) mechanism, the possible rods and kinematic subsets of each part are analyzed, and the feasible generalized chain diagram is obtained by number synthesis, then the feasible specialized chain diagram is obtained by specialization procedure, and then the joints and rods are assigned to obtain the feasible specialized chain diagram with specified characteristics, and finally all feasible design diagrams are obtained. Combined with the design mapping of Lingtai(灵台) water-powered celestial globe, the overall structure of Lingtai(灵台) water-powered celestial globe, Completed solid modeling and prototyping, and finally proved through experiments that the Lingtai(灵台) water-powered celestial globe can meet the design objectives.
A dip-and-read impedimetric electrochemical sensor for orthophosphate monitoring
Authors: Moreira Geisianny , Shaw Alex B. , Amin Nafisa , Gao Wei , McLamore Eric
Published: July 2024

Phosphorus (P) is an essential element for all life forms and a finite resource. P cycle plays a vital role in regulating primary productivity, making it a limiting nutrient for agricultural production and increasing the development of fertilizers through extractive mining. However, excessive P may cause detrimental environmental effects on aquatic and agricultural ecosystems. As a result, there is a pressing need for conservation and management of P loads through analytical techniques to measure P and precisely determine P speciation. Here, we explore a new 2D sorbent structure (GO-PDDA) for sensing orthophosphate in aqueous samples. The sorbent mimics a group of phosphate-binding proteins in nature and is expected to bind orthophosphate in solution. Laser-induced graphene (LIG) was coated with GO-PDDA using a drop-cast method. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used as a transduction technique for electrochemical sensing of orthophosphate (HPO42−) and selectivity assay for chloride, sulfate and nitrate in buffer at pH 8. The analytical sensitivity was estimated to be 347 ± 90.2 Ω/ppm with a limit of detection of 0.32 ± 0.04 ppm. Selectivity assays demonstrate that LIG-GO-PDDA is 95% more selective for ortho-P over sulfate and 80% more selective over chloride and nitrate. The developed sensor can be reused after surface regeneration with an acidic buffer (pH 5), with slight changes in sensor performance. Our results show that the sorbent structure is a promising candidate for developing electrochemical sensors for environmental monitoring of orthophosphate and may provide reliable data to support sustainable P management.
The mechanism of Gancao Xiexin decoction in the treatment of Behçet’s disease based on GEO differential analysis and network pharmacology
Authors: Zhang Xin
Published: July 2024

Background To analyze the main components and possible mechanisms of Gancao Xiexin decoction in the treatment of Behçet’s disease (BD) using network pharmacology combined with GEO database.Methods The GSE and GPL files of Behçet’s disease were downloaded from the GEO database, and the differential genes were analyzed R software to obtain potential disease targets. The TCMSP database was used to search for compounds in Glycyrrhiza radix, Pinellia pinellia, Scutellaria radix, Rhizoma coptidis, dried ginger, jujube and ginseng in Gancao xiexin decoction. The oral bioavailability (OB) ≥ 30% and drug-like properties (DL) ≥ 0.18 were used as the criteria to screen the active components and find their corresponding targets. The intersection of drug target genes and disease differential genes was taken, and the "drug-compound - target" regulatory network and protein-protein interaction network were constructed by Cytoscape3.8.0 software, and the core targets were screened by topological analysis. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed using R software.Results A total of 3769 differential genes were obtained, including 201 active components of Gancao Xiexin decoction, corresponding to 1916 target genes. There were 46 proteins in the PPI core network, which were mainly involved in NTRK1, EGFR, CUL3, APP, TP53, MCM2, XPO1, ESR1, FN1, etc. GO enrichment analysis showed that 825 pathways were obtained from biological process, 19 pathways were obtained from cellular components, and 41 pathways were obtained from molecular function. They were mainly enriched in biological processes such as response to metal ion, response to oxidative stress and response to radiation. A total of 149 were identified by KEGG pathway analysis. It mainly involves Human cytomegalovirus infection, Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection, and Human T-cell leukemia virus 1 infection, Lipid and atherosclerosis, Chemical carcinogenesis − reactive oxygen species, etc.Conclusion Gancao Xiexin decoction has the characteristics of multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway in the treatment of Behçet’s disease. It plays a role in regulating the body's immune and inflammatory response by acting on the targets of MAPK1, MAPK3, AKT1, CHUK and other targets, which lays the foundation for deeper exploration of the therapeutic mechanism.
Investigating the validity and reliability of the functional movement screening tool in tennis as a predictor of injury
Authors: Kazemi Sam , Alizadeh Mohammad Hossein , Daneshmandi Hassan
Published: July 2024

Background
Recently, researchers use functional movement tests and especially the functional movement screen (FMS) as a screening tool to prevent injuries in sports. However, limited studies are available to strongly support the validity and reliability of the FMS in different sports populations. Therefore, the FMS does not seem to be a comprehensive functional movement screening tool in order to investigate asymmetry and limitations in all sports. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to design and evaluate the validity and reliability of the screening tool for functional movements in tennis as a predictor of injury.
Methods
To determine validity and reliability, the results obtained from semi-structured and in-depth interviews with 18 tennis experts were used, which led to the selection of 27 tests out of 108 initial tests. Face validity was evaluated by 10 tennis players, content validity by 10 experts in this field, and construct validity of the questionnaire by 234 tennis players. The reliability of tool was estimated by test-retest method at a time interval of 2 weeks on samples consisting of 20 tennis players using the internal correlation index (ICC).
Results
Based on the results obtained from the calculation of the content validity ratio, 21 out of 27 tests had a content validity ratio higher than 0.62 and the rest of the tests were excluded. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) extracted two latent factors that explained 54.05% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed the final construct model. The reliability of the tool was estimated: 95% CI: 0.53–0.92, p = 0.001, ICC = 0.91.
Conclusion
The functional movement screening tool designed for tennis had acceptable validity and reliability with the aim of investigating asymmetry and limitations in this sport. Factor analysis showed that considering the correct features of psychometrics, this tool can be used as a predictor of injury in tennis.
Unique territorial and compartmental organization of chromosomes in the holocentric silkmoth
Authors: Drinnenberg Ines , Gil Jose , Navarette Emily , Rosin Leah , Chowdhury Neil , Abraham Sameer , Cornilleau Gaetan , Lei Elissa , Mozziconacci Julien , Mirny Leonid , Muller Heloise
Published: July 2024

The hallmarks of chromosome organization in multicellular eukaryotes are chromosome territories (CT), chromatin compartments, and insulated domains, including topologically associated domains (TADs). Yet, most of these elements of chromosome organization are derived from analyses of a limited set of model organisms, while large eukaryotic groups, including insects, remain mostly unexplored. Here we combine Hi-C, biophysical modeling, and microscopy to characterize the 3D genome architecture of the silkmoth, Bombyx mori. In contrast to other eukaryotes, B. mori chromosomes form highly separated territories. Similar to other eukaryotes, B. mori chromosomes segregate into active A and inactive B compartments, yet unlike in vertebrate systems, contacts between euchromatic A regions appear to be a strong driver of compartmentalization. Remarkably, we also identify a third compartment, called secluded “S,” with a unique contact pattern. Each S region shows prominent short-range self-contacts and is remarkably devoid of contacts with the rest of the chromosome, including other S regions. Compartment S hosts a unique combination of genetic and epigenetic features, localizes towards the periphery of CTs, and shows developmental plasticity. Biophysical modeling reveals that the formation of such secluded domains requires highly localized loop extrusion within them, along with a low level of extrusion in A and B. Our Hi-C data supports predicted genome-wide and localized extrusion. Such a broad, non-uniform distribution of extruders has not been seen in other organisms. Overall, our analyses support loop extrusion in insects and highlight the evolutionary plasticity of 3D genome organization, driven by a new combination of known processes.
Global ammonia emission could be halved with cost-effective measures
Authors: Gu Baojing , Zhang Xiumming , Sun Yi , Gao Yujing , Wang Chen , Liang Xia , Lam Shu Kee , Zhang Shaohui , Winiwarter Wilfried , Grinsven Hans van , Sutton Mark , Chen Deli
Published: July 2024

Ammonia (NH3) emissions pose significant threats to ecosystems and human health globally, yet a comprehensive assessment of mitigation strategies' costs and benefits remains elusive. Here, we employ a multi-model framework to evaluate 32 mitigation measures across seven sectors in 185 countries. Our analysis reveals that implementing these measures, particularly in agriculture, could reduce global NH3 emissions by 49%. The estimated implementation cost of $279 billion is substantially outweighed by projected environmental, health, and resource benefits of $568 billion. China and India emerge as countries with the highest potential net societal benefits from NH3 mitigation. Future scenario analysis demonstrates a potential 55% decrease in NH3 emissions by 2050 under a sustainability pathway, contrasting with up to 19% increases under scenarios with low climate and nitrogen policy ambitions. These findings underscore the urgent need for international action and national policies to establish effective NH3 mitigation targets and pathways.
Fundoplication for Pediatric Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Indications, Techniques, and Outcomes
Authors: Al-Refaie Maimona Abdulmageed , Alsurmi Mohammed Mohammed , Obadiel Yasser Abdurabo , Alsharafy Khaled Mohammed , Jowah Haitham Mohammed
Published: July 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the indications, techniques, and outcomes of fundoplication in pediatric patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) at a tertiary hospital in Yemen.
Patients and Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted at Al-Thawra Modern General Hospital, Sana’a, Yemen, between January 2015 and January 2022. The study included 45 pediatric patients under 18 years who underwent fundoplication for GERD. Data on demographic and clinical characteristics, surgical type, postoperative complications, and follow-up outcomes were collected and analyzed..
Results: The median age of the 45 pediatric patients was 2 years (range: 2 months to 10 years), with 56% males and 44% females. The primary indications for fundoplication included GERD with hiatal hernia (44.4%), persistent symptoms despite medical management (20%), recurrent chest infections associated with neurological disorders (15.6%), esophageal stricture (17.8%), and both hiatal hernia and esophageal stricture (2.2%). Nissen fundoplication was performed in 80% of patients, while Thal fundoplication was performed in 20%. Complete symptom resolution was achieved in 68.89% of patients. Dysphagia due to postoperative esophageal stricture was the most common complication, affecting 29% of patients. A structured dilatation protocol resulted in 30.8% improvement after a single session, 46.2% after regular sessions, and 23.1% after irregular sessions. The mortality rate was 5.56%, with two deaths occurring in patients with cerebral palsy due to recurrent chest infections unrelated to GERD recurrence or esophageal stricture.
Conclusion: Fundoplication is a safe and effective surgical treatment for pediatric GERD, with a high success rate and manageable complication rate. A structured postoperative dilatation protocol is essential for managing esophageal strictures and improving outcomes. Early diagnosis and intervention, along with adherence to postoperative protocols, are crucial for optimal results. Further research with larger sample sizes and long-term follow-up is recommended to confirm these findings and improve clinical practice.
The Formation of the Theory and Methodology of Human Education in the Works of Ya. A. Komensky and in the Russian Philosophical and Pedagogical Ideas of the 19th ‒ first half of the 20th centuries
Authors: Rogova Antonina V. ,   St. Petersburg Union of Scientists
Published: July 2024

During the periods of cultural and civilizational choice of the development of the world community, the problem of the importance of human education as a mechanism for preserving its highest humanistic purpose arises before it with all the evidence and urgency. In this connection, there is a need for a holistic retrospective study of the theory and methodology of education as a fundamental category of pedagogy – the science of the “spiritual guidance” of an individual from the sphere of natural childhood into the world of cultural adulthood. Philosophical and pedagogical heritage of Ya. A. Komensky, which analysis is presented in the article, has determined the content of the target and value attitudes of further research for the next centuries. The pansophical idea of the integrity and unity of the world and man, based on Christian methodology, became the basis, among other things, for the development of Russian philosophical and pedagogical thought, the intensive formation of which was carried out in the XIX century. In this regard, the article shows the significance of the views of Slavophiles on conciliarity, the theory of unity of V. S. Solovyov in the design on the canons of Orthodoxy of Russian pedagogy. The approaches to the realization of the pansophic idea in anthropologically oriented works of a number of Russian scientists are revealed. The leading directions of the search and interpretation of the ideas of Ya. A. Komensky are highlighted. In the context of the development of anthropological pedagogy, the growth of new knowledge based on the achievements of the humanities of that time, in particular, psychology, is shown. The article reveals the basic positions of scientists in understanding the spiritual essence of man on the basis of a comparative analysis of the philosophical and pedagogical ideas of Ya. A. Komensky and representatives of the Russian diaspora; the unity of the divine and the earthly; the role of natural, social and cultural factors and the importance of the category of integrity in the upbringing and education of the individual. The continuity of the legacy of Ya. A. Komensky and domestic scientists in the interpretation of the goals, objectives and means of the pedagogical process is established.