bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of passive layer formation kinetics of Zn5Al hot-dip galvanized coatings using gel electrolytes
Authors: Pinger Thomas , Kopanka Bryan Julius Carlisle
Published: December 2024

Purpose

The formation of a natural passive layer on hot-dip galvanized coatings increases their corrosion resistance. Although the basic mechanisms of passive layer formation are known, the quantitative determination of the evolution of its passive character, in particular its surface resistivity, and its development under atmospheric weathering remains largely unexplored for zinc-5% aluminum (Zn5Al) coatings.

Design/methodology/approach

Zn5Al-galvanized test sheets were exposed to atmospheric weathering for four weeks during summer and winter, and the development of polarization resistance measured using a gel-type electrolyte over these periods. Further investigation included stripping away the formed passive layer midway through the exposure period and electrochemical characterization of the passive layer that re-formed after under continue weathering.

Findings

The results showed a steadily increasing resistivity of the corrosion product (passive) layer over the course of the weathering period; this was confirmed by supplementary macroscopic and microscopic analyses. Exposure conditions affected the speed of development. Polarization resistance values were higher by approximately 50 kΩcm2 during the winter compared to summer. Upon interruption of exposure and removal of the passive layer, it rebuilt up much more rapidly after exposure resumed in comparison with the initial layer.

Originality/value

The use of gel electrolyte for determining the polarization resistance of a metal surface is a novel and useful method. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study has, for the first time, established the suitability of this electrochemical test method for quantifying the coating resistance of Zn5Al galvanized steel after calibrating the measurement parameters.
Beyond dichotomies: unpacking paradoxical tensions in New Zealand’s hybrid biotechnology sector
Authors: Mesherry Sasha , Chen Sitong Michelle
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to draw on paradox theory and sensemaking literature to empirically investigate tensions and sensemaking logics at Crown Research Institutes (CRIs) engaging with New Zealand’s biotechnology industry.

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative, abductive approach was used to conduct and analyse 10 semi-structured interviews from four CRIs.

Findings

CRIs experience interrelated and co-occurring performing, organising, belonging and learning tension types due to interconnected environmental factors. Interrelated performing and organising tension types were perceived through dichotomous and business-case logics, whereas interrelated learning and performing tensions were perceived through the paradox logic. Furthermore, performing and organising tensions were more salient to participants compared to belonging and learning tensions. Based on these findings, this study provides a revised dynamic equilibrium model tension framework.

Research limitations/implications

The findings of this paper are not directly transferrable to other contexts, as the tensions and logics identified are situated in a New Zealand biotechnology CRI context.

Practical implications

This paper identifies environmental factors that practitioners may constructively engage with to mitigate salient biotechnology tensions between competing stakeholder demands in hybrid R&D institutes.

Originality/value

This paper addresses knowledge gaps in the relationship between dynamic equilibrium model tensions and sensemaking logics in the novel context of hybrid R&D institutes and emerging technological industries. In doing so, this paper identifies novel paradoxical performing tensions at the organisational level, including temporal and cultural tensions in hybrid R&D institutes.
Too good or not by hiring insider CEO: an analysis preference of investment efficiency from Indonesia
Authors: Nasih Mohammad , Anridho Nadia , Harymawan Iman , Cahyono Suham , Wasiuzzaman Shaista
Published: December 2024

Purpose

The term “Insider CEO” refers to actor in the top management at corporate level who has the advantage of having better information regarding a company’s resources to make investment decisions. This study aims to examine the relationship between insider chief executive officers (CEOs) and investment efficiency in emerging economies.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors comprises sample of nonfinancial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period of 2011–2021, using an archival approach through regression analysis.

Findings

This study demonstrates a significant negative relationship between insider CEOs and investment efficiency. In addition, audit quality as the firm audited by BIG4 accounting firm changes the direction of previously negative findings, turning them into significant positive relationships, and audit quality acts as a moderating factor on the insider CEOs and investment efficiency nexus. Furthermore, the authors conducted a series of endogeneity and robustness tests to strengthen the results of this study.

Research limitations/implications

This study offers new ideas in the investment literature and its practice in companies, where it highlights the role of the existence of an insider CEO in practice on investment efficiency. The authors provide recommendations to companies, potential investors and policymakers regarding the potential for insider CEOs to influence investment returns that tend to be less efficient. Therefore, this study proves that the presence of an insider CEO has a higher risk-taking preference, which has the potential to influence less efficient investment practices.

Originality/value

Several previous studies have focused more on the role of CEOs who come from outside the company and their impact on investment practices. However, it is not clear whether insider CEOs will influence the company’s investment efficiency practices driven by the perspective of “risk preferences and investment returns”. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to substantiate the role of CEOs based on their origin and their impact on less efficient investment practices.
Harmonizing minds: navigating diversity in thinking and conflict management within organizational dynamics
Authors: Upadhyay Divya
Published: December 2024

Purpose

The primary objective of this research paper is to investigate the fundamental dimensions of conflict management, namely cooperation (concern for self and others) and competition (concern only for self), and to establish a theoretical connection between these dimensions and reflective and intuitive thinking. Drawing upon dual process theory and Deutsch’s conceptualization of cooperation and competition, the study delves into the systematic impact of intuition and reflection on individuals’ preferred conflict management styles.

Design/methodology/approach

Theoretically driven hypotheses established links between reflective and intuitive thinking and cooperative and competitive conflict management styles. Two studies were conducted to empirically validate these hypotheses, designed to scrutinize the influence of intuition and reflection on individuals’ inclinations toward competitive or cooperative conflict management styles. Study 1 was based on self-reported measures, and Study 2 was an experimental design method.

Findings

The study outcomes affirm the hypotheses, revealing that reflective thinking aligns with a preference for cooperation, whereas intuitive thinking corresponds to a preference for competition.

Research limitations/implications

Recognizing the significance of cognitive styles in shaping preferences for competitive and cooperative conflict management, this research offers valuable insights for both parties involved, leading to more favorable outcomes and providing practical guidance for conflict management practitioners. The paper concludes by discussing implications and acknowledging limitations.

Originality/value

This exploration represents a novel avenue in the conflict management research domain, shedding light on the antecedents of thinking styles in the context of conflict resolution.
Digital platform to scale initiatives for community engagement and social impact: a case study in the Indian plastic recycling industry
Authors: Mogha Vipin , Tebourbi Nadia
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This paper is at the intersection of two main topics: social innovation and digital transformation. This paper aims to explore, describe and explain how a digital platform can enhance community engagement and social impact. The research question addressed is as follows: How can a digital platform foster community engagement and social impact and scale such initiatives?.

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative methodology and an abductive protocol have been used, specifically using the case study method on an Indian company in the plastic recycling industry. Qualitative data, collected through semi-structured interviews and an important number of documents, have been analyzed through open and axial coding.

Findings

The exploratory results of this case study reveal that a digital platform fosters community engagement and social impact and scales such initiatives through the coordination of stakeholder engagement, operations and organization.

Practical implications

This paper proposes a roadmap that facilitates the creation of a social innovation solution by integrating the physical plastic waste management ecosystem with a custom digital platform at its core.

Originality/value

This research integrates the institutional elements from Herrera’s framework (2015) with the theory of innovation and translation from Actor-Network Theory (ANT). It contributes to the existing literature on social innovation and digital transformation by clarifying two intermediate dimensions that enable a digital platform to scale initiatives for community engagement and social impact: traceability and transparency in the flow of assets and money within an ecosystem.
Conspicuous consumption at the Indian BOP: a boon or bane?
Authors: Srivastava Abhinav , Mukherjee Srabanti , Datta Biplab , Bag Tanmoy
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the impact of conspicuous consumption on the subjective well-being (SWB) of Indian bottom of the pyramid (BOP) consumers.

Design/methodology/approach

This study followed a qualitative phenomenological approach. Focus group discussions were conducted with 72 Indian BOP consumers. Thematic analysis resulted in 21 categories and 9 themes.

Findings

This study revealed three distinct categories of consequences related to the effects of conspicuous consumption on SWB at the BOP. Conspicuous consumption can either enhance or diminish the BOP consumers’ SWB and sometimes even simultaneously have constructive and adverse effects (a double-edged sword). This study presents a conceptual model examining the consequences of conspicuous consumption at the BOP through the lenses of social comparison and compensatory consumption theories.

Originality/value

The literature has classified the consequences of conspicuous consumption at the BOP as constructive or adverse effects. This study reveals that conspicuous consumption at the BOP can be a double-edged sword. This study indicates that social comparison drives compensatory consumption at the BOP, which impacts the SWB of BOP consumers. Such an amalgamation of the theories of conspicuous consumption, social comparison and compensatory consumption is the unique contribution of this research. The implications for practice and policy are discussed.
The effect of language style in online reviews on consumers’ word-of-mouth recommendations
Authors: Zhu Zhenzhong , Zhao Xiaowen , Shan Minghui , Chen Haipeng (Allan)
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Language styles of online reviews are becoming increasingly important in consumers’ purchase decisions. However, there are inconsistencies in research on the effects of literal and figurative language styles in online reviews on service consumption. Drawing upon construal level theory, this research explores the effects of literal and figurative online reviews on consumers’ word-of-mouth recommendations and their internal mechanisms in the context of service consumption. In addition, this research identifies service types (experience vs credence services) as boundary conditions under which online review language styles play a role.

Design/methodology/approach

Three studies are designed to verify the effect of language style in online reviews on consumer word-of-mouth recommendations. Study 1 (N = 195) tests the interaction between construal level and (literal vs figurative) language style on consumers’ word-of-mouth recommendations. Study 2 (N = 191) identifies the depth of information processing as an underlying mechanism. Study 3 (N = 466) examines the boundary condition due to service type. The main methods used are independent sample t-test, ANOVA and bootstrapping.

Findings

The results illustrate that (1) consumers at different construal levels prefer online reviews with different language styles, and this can influence their word-of-mouth recommendations: consumers with a low construal level prefer online reviews with a literal language style, while those with a high construal level prefer online reviews with a figurative language style; (2) the depth of information processing plays a mediating role in the above interaction effect and (3) service type serves as a boundary condition such that the preference for literal (vs figurative) language style among low- (vs high-) construal-level consumers holds only for experience services; for credence services, online reviews with a literal language style enhance word-of-mouth recommendations, regardless of consumers’ construal level. The findings shed light on the drivers of word-of-mouth recommendations and provide insights to promote more effective word-of-mouth recommendations.

Originality/value

Drawing upon the construal level theory, this research explores the factors that influence online review language styles on consumer word-of-mouth recommendations and their underlying mechanisms and discusses the moderating effects of different service types (i.e. experience services and trust services). It not only sheds light on the contradictions in the previous literature but also provides new insights for academics and business managers to deepen their understanding of facilitating word-of-mouth recommendations.
Q-commerce service with behavior-based pricing: self-logistics or platform-logistics?
Authors: Zhu Xiaoxi , Xie Jing
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Considering behavior-based pricing strategy, we explore the choice of instant logistics service model and pricing strategy of Quick-commerce channel.

Design/methodology/approach

We adopt the Hotelling framework to develop a two-period game in which two horizontally differentiated suppliers sell repetitively purchased products through a traditional e-commerce channel and an instant e-commerce channel in two periods.

Findings

The results show that: (1) when consumer’s mismatch cost and instant logistics cost coefficient are moderate or relatively high or low, platform-operated logistics (PL) is more beneficial to traditional supplier and traditional e-platform, while Q-commerce platform may prefer self-operated logistics. However, for Q-commerce suppliers, as his/her instant logistics cost coefficient increases, he/she tends to prefer PL. (2) If the instant logistics cost coefficient is moderate, traditional suppliers may always earn more than Q-commerce suppliers in both models, despite the higher commission rate of traditional e-platform. (3) When the instant logistics cost coefficient for Q-commerce suppliers is low, traditional suppliers should significantly reduce price for new customers under PL.

Originality/value

Our research constructs a competition between traditional and quick commerce channels, using game theory methods to examine the impact of different instant logistics models on the dynamic pricing strategies, profitability and instant logistics efficiency of these two online channels.
Factors influencing blended learning acceptance in Algerian higher education: a comprehensive analysis
Authors: AL-Qadri Abdo Hasan , Mouas Samia , Nouari Wafa , Yan Kou
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to evaluate Algerian students' acceptance of blended learning (BL). It incorporated eight dimensions derived from the technology acceptance model (TAM) and unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) models and involved validating a research tool consisting of 32 items.

Design/methodology/approach

Blended learning (BL) in higher education (HE) not only makes education more flexible and accessible but also enhances the overall quality of learning through diverse methods, preparing students for future digital work environments (Zhang et al., 2022). This study aimed to evaluate Algerian students' acceptance of BL. It incorporated eight dimensions derived from the TAM and UTAUT models and involved validating a research tool consisting of 32 items. The final implementation was conducted with 549 undergraduate and master’s students aged between 19 and 33. The results indicated that performance expectancy (PE), effort expectancy (EE), social influence (SI) and facilitating conditions (FC) had a positive direct effect on behavioral intentions (BI). Moreover, BI positively affected actual acceptance (AA). Additionally, there were positive and significant indirect effects of FC on AA through the mediating variables perceived usefulness (PU), social influence (SI) on AA through BI and perceived ease of use (PEU) on AA through PU. However, EE had no significant indirect effect on AA through PU. Furthermore, gender was a significant moderating variable between SI and AA. There was no significant effect of students' residence on the relationships between PEU and PU and PEU and BI. The study offers valuable insights into educational practices and policies, concluding with practical recommendations to enhance the academic environment, informed by these study outcomes.

Findings

This study finds that the students' place of residence did not significantly moderate the relationships involving PEU. This suggests a uniform perception of BL’s ease of use among students, irrespective of their residential backgrounds. This uniformity is essential for the implementation of BL across diverse regions in Algeria, indicating that a one-size-fits-all approach to BL design might be effective.

Originality/value

Researchers measured the contribution of PU, PEU, PE, EE, SI, FC, BI, AA to know the direct and indirect effects among them, as well as the research populations. The questionnaire covered all the study variables, which were applied randomly at Batna 2 University.
Effects of air flow micro pulverized wheat bran dietary fiber on physicochemical, structural, and digestive properties of wheat starch
Authors: Xu Lina , Yang Guoyan , Jia Xiwu , Jin Weiping , Huang Wenjing , Shen Wangyang , Zhou Jian , Wang Zhan
Published: December 2024

The effects of wheat bran dietary fiber (WBDF) treated by air flow micro‐pulverization on gelatinization, thermal, rheological, structural properties, and in vitro digestion of wheat starch (WS) were investigated. Different particle sizes of WBDF were obtained by conventional knife grinding and airflow micro‐grinding. Compared with conventional knife grinding, the particle size of WBDF treated by air flow micro‐pulverization decreased, the particle size distribution was concentrated at small particle sizes, the specific surface area increased, and the hydraulic and oil‐holding power decreased, which was mainly related to the change of WBDF spatial structure and the increase of solubility. At the same time, the peak viscosity, setback, breakdown, and resistant starch content short‐range order degree and relative crystallinity of WS were increased by adding WBDF treated by air flow micro‐pulverization, whereas the gelatinization enthalpy value and apparent viscosity were decreased. This indicated that the air micro pulverized WBDF promoted gelatinization and inhibited digestion while reducing the thermal stability of WS, leading to short‐term recovery. This study provides a theoretical reference for the production and processing of gluten‐containing flour products.

Practical Application

In this study, the physical and chemical properties and spatial structure of air flow micro pulverized dietary fiber of wheat bran were analyzed, and its effects on the properties of wheat starch were studied. Therefore, this study provides a theoretical basis for the industrial application of gluten‐containing flour products.
Recent advances in cellular immunotherapy for immune‐mediated rheumatic diseases
Authors: Wan Wei , Liu Yidi , Gao Jie , Yan Sijia , Zhao Dongbao
Published: December 2024

Cellular immunotherapy is an emerging therapeutic approach that aims to utilize a patient's immune cells or engineered immune cells to treat Immune‐mediated rheumatic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and ankylosing spondylitis (AS), among others. The PubMed database was searched for 46 relevant pieces of literature. Among them, 18 articles on T‐cell therapy were used to treat RA, AS, SLE, Anti‐Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies (ANCA)‐associated vasculitis (AAV), and systemic sclerosis (SSc). There were nine B cell depletion therapies for RA, AS, SLE, and SSc, and 15 articles on mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy for RA, AS, SLE, AAV, SSc, and Sjogren's syndrome (SS). Additionally, there were four articles on Cd19‐targeting Chimeric Antigen Receptor T‐Cell (CART) cell therapy for SLE and SSc treatment. The most common treatments for rheumatological diseases, such as RA, SLE, and SS, include B cell depletion, MSC extracellular vesicle therapy, and CART cell targeted therapy, while the re‐used therapies for rare diseases such as SSc, IgG4‐RD, and AAV include extracellular stem cell vesicles and cytokines, as per the review of the aforementioned literature. CART cell targeting therapy alone is not highly effective, and the common adverse effects include hypotension and dry cough. In summary, cellular immunotherapy has emerged as a better choice for refractory rheumatic immune diseases. In the future, further clinical studies are imperative to precisely target the treatment of rheumatic disease and provide positive outcomes to a broader patient population.
Beauveria pseudobassiana: A good candidate for controlling Diprion pini L. (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae)
Authors: Sevim Ali , Sevim Elif
Published: December 2024

The common pine sawfly, Diprion pini (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae), is a well‐known defoliating pest of various pine forests almost all over the world, including Europe. It can cause damage to many pine species but usually opts for Pinus sylvestris Linnaeus and P. nigra subsp. laricio (Poiret) Maire. The prohibition of the use of chemical insecticides in forests (at least for Türkiye) has led to the fact that other control methods have come to the fore in the control of this pest. In this respect, biological control agents, which are eco‐friendly and can persist in the field over time, providing long‐term control for plant protection, have an important potential in the control of D. pini. Therefore, in this study, entomopathogenic fungi were isolated from pine forest soils and identified by gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Ten isolates (DP‐37, DP‐38, DP‐45, DP‐46, DP‐49, DP‐53, DP‐54, DP‐57, DP‐58 and DP‐63) were identified as Beauveria pseudobassiana, four isolates (DP‐35, DP‐41, DP‐52, and DP‐61) were identified as B. bassiana, and only one isolate was identified as Metarhizium robertsii (DP‐15). All isolates were tested against the larvae of the pest under laboratory conditions, and the highest mortality and mycosis values (96.6% and 63.3%, respectively) were obtained from B. pseudobassiana DP‐57. This isolate was also tested against the pest under outdoor conditions using different conidial concentrations. Based on probit analysis, the LC50 and LC90 values were estimated to be 1.309 × 107 and 1.21 × 1010 conidia/ml, respectively. The results showed that B. pseudobassiana DP‐57 could be a good candidate in the biological control of D. pini.
US mortality trends from alcohol‐associated hepatitis by sex, age, race, and ethnicity, 1999–2020
Authors: Banini Bubu A. , Chauhan Sanjaya , Amatya Ayesha , Dashti Farzaneh , Zahrawi Khaled , Zahrawi Frhaan , Mehal Wajahat Z. , McKee Sherry A.
Published: December 2024

Background

Alcohol‐associated hepatitis (AH) is a subtype of alcohol‐associated liver disease (ALD) resulting in severe acute liver inflammation. This study aims to examine longitudinal trends in mortality from AH in the United States (US) from 1999 to 2020, stratifying the data by sex, age, and racial/ethnic groups.

Methods

We performed a cross‐sectional study using data from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide‐ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (WONDER) to determine annual AH‐related mortality rates (MR) in adults ≥21 years between 1999 and 2020. Data were stratified by sex, race, and 10‐year age groups. Considering 1999 as baseline, mortality rate ratio (MRR) was calculated to characterize the MR in a particular year compared to baseline. Joinpoint regression analysis was conducted to characterize year‐wise log‐linear time calendar trends in MR.

Results

From 1999 through 2020, AH‐related deaths doubled from 0.5 per 100,000 (95% CI 0.5 to 0.6) to 1.1 per 100,000 (95% CI 1.1 to 1.2). While mortality rates for males doubled from 0.8 per 100,000 (95% CI 0.7 to 0.8) to 1.5 per 100,000 (95% CI 1.4 to 1.6), mortality rates for females almost tripled from 0.3 per 100,000 (9%% CI 0.3 to 0.4) to 0.8 per 100,000 (95% CI 0.7 to 0.8). The steepest increase in AH‐related deaths from 1999 to 2020 were among American Indians/Alaska Natives and young adults 25–34 years, and particularly young adult females.

Conclusions

Over the past two decades, overall AH‐related mortality in the US has doubled. The steepest increase in AH‐related mortality was noted among American Indians/Alaska Natives and young adults, particularly young adult females. Education and prevention efforts should target these high‐risk populations, and studies aimed at elucidating biological and sociodemographic factors resulting in the differential rise in mortality are warranted.
Risk stratification scores for lymph node metastases in T1 colorectal cancer—A systematic review
Authors: Quinn Rakesh , Jamsari Giuleta , MacDermid Ewan
Published: December 2024

Aim

Local resection, by an endoscopic or surgical approach, has the potential to completely treat T1 colorectal cancers (CRCs). However, T1 CRCs have a 10% risk of lymph node metastasis (LNM), requiring colonic resection and lymph node dissection. Several high‐risk clinico‐histopathological features are associated with LNMs and multiple risk stratification scores have been developed. In this systematic review, we aimed to analyse these scores to identify which is most accurate and clinically useful.

Method

A search of MEDLINE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Review and EMBASE for T1 CRC risk assessment scores was performed following PRISMA guidelines.

Results

Of 323 studies, 22 full texts and three abstracts met the inclusion criteria. Twelve studies developed clinicopathological scores presented as nomograms or algorithms. They used an average of 4.8 (SD ±1.72) parameters, the most utilized being tumour grade, lymphovascular invasion and tumour budding. Two studies incorporated preoperative CT results in their risk score. Artificial intelligence (AI) machine learning models were used for 10 studies, with pathologist‐dependent parameters and pathologist‐independent whole‐slide imaging. The area under the curve (AUC) of the scores ranged from 0.57 to 0.99. Only two scores were externally validated, including a nomogram with an AUC of 0.77 and an AI model with an AUC of 0.83. The generalizability of several scores is limited by using special histopathology tests and AI programming/equipment.

Conclusion

There are several promising risk stratification scores for predicting LNM, particularly with the advent of AI. However, no score adequately stratifies the independent risks of rectal and colonic malignant polyps. Further studies are required to address the heterogeneity and lack of external validation within these nonrandomized trials to provide a more accurate risk stratification of LNMs.
Unmasking the Epicardial Adipose Tissue‐Left Atrial Strain Nexus in HFpEF: A Potential Echocardiographic Signature of Cardiac Adaptation
Authors: Wang Zhen , Chen KunDi , Wang Ting , Nie Fang
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the relationship between epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) and left atrial function in patients with preserved ejection fraction heart failure (HFpEF).

Methods

We conducted a cross‐sectional study involving 113 patients diagnosed with HFpEF and 48 control subjects without heart failure. Echocardiography was performed to assess EAT thickness and left atrial function was quantified using Autostrain left atrium (LA), including left atrial strain during reservoir phase (LASr), left atrial strain during conduit phase (LAScd), and left atrial strain during contraction phase (LASct). Clinical and biochemical parameters were correlated with EAT and LA strain using regression analyses and generating receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for left atrial strain parameters.

Results

EAT thickness was significantly greater in the HFpEF group (8.0 ± 1.0 mm) compared to the control group (5.0 ± 0.7 mm). HFpEF group exhibited poorer left ventricle diastolic function, indicated by lower e' velocity, E/A ratio, and higher E/e' values. Left atrial strain parameters, including LASr (22.4 ± 9.1%), LAScd (11.9 ± 6.9%), and LASct (10.5 ± 3.9%), were all lower in the HFpEF. EAT thickness was positively correlated with NT‐proBNP, triglycerides, and fasting blood glucose. Multivariate analysis revealed significant associations between EAT and LA strain parameters even after adjusting for potential confounders. ROC curve analysis indicated that LASr had the highest diagnostic accuracy for HFpEF. Additionally, left atrial strain parameters were strongly correlated with left ventricular diastolic function.

Conclusion

Patients with HFpEF exhibit increased EAT thickness and reduced left atrial function. The thickening of EAT is associated with a decrease in left atrial strain. LA strain, particularly LASr, may serve as a sensitive indicator for early detection of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in HFpEF.
Association Between Myocardial Work and Coronary Artery Calcium Score in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Olsen Flemming Javier , Landler Nino Emanuel , Christensen Jacob , Kofoed Klaus Fuglsang , Feldt‐Rasmussen Bo , Hansen Ditte , Christoffersen Christina , Ballegaard Ellen Linnea Freese , Sørensen Ida Maria Hjelm , Bjergfelt Sasha Saurbrey , Seidelin Eline , Bro Susanne , Biering‐Sørensen Tor
Published: December 2024

Background

Myocardial work is a novel measure of potential value for diagnosing coronary artery disease (CAD). It may therefore be useful in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), in whom the diagnostic work‐up can be challenging.

Methods

This was a cross‐sectional study of patients with CKD (G1‐5, nondialysis‐dependent). Cardiac computed tomography was performed to quantify coronary artery calcium score (CACS). Pressure‐strain loop analysis was performed to obtain global and territorial work index (GWI and TWI, respectively). Logistic regression was applied to investigate the association between work measures and high CACS (>400).

Results

We included 455 patients (age: 57 years, 60% men, 8% with previous CAD, and eGFR of 43 mL/min/1.73 m2). High CACS across all coronary arteries was observed in 77 (17%), with 53 (12%) in the left anterior descending (LAD) artery, 28 (6%) in the right coronary artery (RCA), and 17 (4%) in the circumflex (Cx) artery.

No difference in GWI was observed for overall high versus non‐high CACS (1861 vs. 1937 mmHg%, p = 0.14). TWI was reduced in patients with high versus non‐high CACS in the LAD (1772 vs. 1956 mmHg%, p = 0.003) and in the Cx (1556 vs. 1934 mmHg%, p = 0.001), but not in the RCA (p = 0.68). After multivariable regression, TWI remained significantly associated with high CACS in the LAD and Cx in patients with no history of CAD, but not in the RCA.

Conclusion

In patients with CKD, GWI was not associated with an overall high CACS. TWI was, however, associated with a high CACS in specific coronary arteries, although the findings were inconsistent.
Making a case for race: Legal and psychological bases for considering ethnic and racial identity in parenting plan evaluations
Authors: Ajoku Chioma
Published: December 2024

Ethnic‐racial identity formation can be an important consideration in parenting plan evaluations, particularly for multi‐racial/ethnic families and transracial families. This article discusses the literature regarding the relationship between positive ethnic‐racial identity formation, positive psychosocial outcomes for children of color, and parental ethnic‐racial socialization practices. Additionally, since ethnic‐racial identity formation is a crucial developmental task relevant to the best interests of the child, this article also discusses how parenting plan evaluators can explore parental ability to promote a child's racial and ethnic identity development.
Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Agriculture: Pathways to Sustainable Reductions
Authors: Li Lidong , Awada Tala , Shi Yeyin , Jin Virginia L. , Kaiser Michael
Published: December 2024

Agriculture serves as both a source and a sink of global greenhouse gases (GHGs), with agricultural intensification continuing to contribute to GHG emissions. Climate‐smart agriculture, encompassing both nature‐ and technology‐based actions, offers promising solutions to mitigate GHG emissions. We synthesized global data, between 1990 and 2021, from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations to analyze the impacts of agricultural activities on global GHG emissions from agricultural land, using structural equation modeling. We then obtained predictive estimates of agricultural GHG emissions for the future period of 2022–2050 using deep‐learning models. The FAO data show that, from 1990 to 2021, global livestock numbers, inorganic nitrogen (N) fertilizer use, crop residue, and irrigation area increased by 27%, 47%, 49%, and 37%, respectively. The increased livestock numbers contributed to the increases in CH4 and N2O emissions, while inorganic N fertilizer, crop residue, and irrigation mainly contributed to the increases in N2O emissions. Emissions of CO2 decreased because of a 29% reduction in net forest loss. As a result of the reduced deforestation emissions, the overall agricultural GHG emissions declined from 11.50 to 10.89 GtCO2eq from 1990 to 2021 despite the increases in livestock numbers, inorganic N fertilizer, crop residue, and irrigation. Looking ahead, our model predicts that if current agricultural trends persist, GHG emissions will rise to 11.82 ± 0.07 GtCO2eq in 2050. However, maintaining agricultural GHG emissions at the 2021 level through 2050 is possible if the rate of reduction in net forest loss is doubled. Furthermore, if the rate is tripled, agricultural GHG emissions can be limited to 9.85 ± 0.07 GtCO2eq in 2050. Our findings suggest that reductions in agricultural GHG emissions, alongside sustainable agricultural intensification and climate‐smart agricultural practices, can be achieved through parallel efforts emphasizing accelerated forest conservation.
Vestibular Migraine Patient Assessment Tool and Handicap Inventory (VM‐PATHI) : A narrative review
Authors: Sharifi Alireza , Kouhi Ali , Steenerson Kristen K. , Sharon Jeffrey D.
Published: December 2024

Background

Vestibular migraine (VM) has a wide range of clinical presentations that can have a significant negative impact on quality of life. Currently, there is no objective test available to confirm the diagnosis or measure the severity of VM. The only available tools for assessing disease severity are patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs), such as the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI).

Objective

This manuscript aims to summarize the current knowledge about a newly developed PROM called the Vestibular Migraine Patient Assessment Tool and Handicap Inventory (VM‐PATHI).

Methods

A comprehensive search was conducted across the Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases up to February 2024, using the keywords “Vestibular migraine,” “VM‐PATHI,” and “Patient‐Reported Outcome Measure.” Only studies involving human participants were included, and no additional restrictions were applied. The reference lists of included studies were also reviewed to identify other eligible studies. The main outcome of interest was the evaluation of VM‐PATHI in patients with VM.

Results

The VM‐PATHI is a 25‐item questionnaire divided into six sections: headache equivalents, motion sensitivity, anxiety, cognition, disequilibrium/central audiovestibular disturbance, and emotion/sense of being overwhelmed. This tool has demonstrated good face and content validity, discriminant validity, responsiveness, test–retest reliability, and internal reliability (Cronbach's α: 0.92). Patients with VM are likely to show clinical improvement in symptoms if their VM‐PATHI scores decrease by ≥6 points. Additionally, VM‐PATHI has shown a good correlation with clinical improvement across various treatment modalities.

Conclusion

The VM‐PATHI may provide advantages over other PROMs by measuring a wider spectrum of disease‐specific effects of VM. Scores are correlated with the DHI, dizzy days per month, and other quality of life metrics.
Association of periodontitis and periodontal parameters with migraine and mortality in people with migraine disease: A nationally representative observational study
Authors: Yan Lingjun , Huang Yu , Xie Bingqin , Liu Zilin , Luo Lan , He Baochang , Ding Chenyu , Fang Wenhua , Lin Yuanxiang , Kang Dezhi , Chen Fa
Published: December 2024

Objective

To investigate the association of periodontitis and clinical periodontal parameters with migraine as well as mortality among people with migraine disease.

Background

Periodontitis has been shown to increase the systemic inflammatory burden thereby promoting various systemic health outcomes; however, the evidence regarding the relationship between periodontitis and migraine is scarce.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was performed, and it included 13,108 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2004). Weighted logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between periodontitis/clinical periodontal parameters and migraine. Mediation analysis was performed to explore the potential mediating role of inflammatory response. A cohort study including 1909 participants with migraine disease was further conducted to assess the associations between periodontitis/clinical periodontal parameters and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer in participants with migraine disease using Cox proportional hazards models. Death outcomes were ascertained by linkage to National Death Index records through December 31, 2018.

Results

Periodontitis was positively associated with migraine (odds ratio [OR] 1.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–1.65). Each 1‐unit rise in attachment loss and pocket depth was linked to a 17.5% (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.08–1.29) and 28.1% (OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.08–1.51) increase in migraine risk, respectively. Mediation analyses revealed that leukocyte, monocyte, and lymphocyte counts mediated 17.9%, 7.3%, and 20.1%, respectively, of the association between periodontitis and migraine. During a median follow‐up of 17.7 years among 1909 participants with migraine disease, periodontitis was associated with greater all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio 1.82, 95% CI 1.25–2.66), but was not significantly associated with mortality from CVD or cancer among participants with migraine disease. Similar association patterns were also observed for attachment loss and pocket depth.

Conclusions

This study provides evidence that periodontitis and clinical periodontal parameters were significantly associated with migraine as well as all‐cause mortality in people with migraine disease. These findings underscore the importance of considering periodontal health in the prevention and management strategies for migraine disease.
Patient‐Centricity in the Pharmaceutical Industry: A Review and Research Agenda
Authors: Fleissig Jordan , Delcourt Cécile , Steils Nadia
Published: December 2024

The concept of patient‐centricity has gained much attention in the healthcare ecosystem in the past few decades. While most healthcare stakeholders have embraced this model of placing the patient at the center of their focus, pharmaceutical companies have only started to adopt patient‐centricity more recently. To date, the literature on patient‐centricity in the pharmaceutical industry has focused on isolated initiatives, departments, or processes, leading to a fragmented view of the concept. To address this gap, this article conducts a systematic literature review of 46 peer‐reviewed articles from the Scopus database. This study uses the “Theory, Context, and Methodology” and “Antecedents, Decisions, and Outcomes” frameworks to organize and structure the literature review. This article offers a comprehensive framework and definition of the concept of patient‐centricity in the pharmaceutical industry and concludes with a research agenda to address the gaps. This study provides a unified understanding of patient‐centricity and guides future research to develop it further while providing practitioners from the pharmaceutical industry with a framework of initiatives to shift toward patient‐centricity.
Electroencephalography Studies on Marketing Stimuli: A Literature Review and Future Research Agenda
Authors: Alsharif Ahmed H. , Isa Salmi Mohd
Published: December 2024

This study aims to explore the application of electroencephalography (EEG) tools in examining latent consumer behavior, emphasizing emotions, attention, preferences, memory, and decision‐making in response to various marketing stimuli (e.g., products, pricing, branding, and advertising). This study adopts a thematic review approach, employing a systematic literature review methodology (e.g., Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses [PRISMA] protocol). Our investigation unearthed 155 articles from the Scopus and Web of Science databases, spanning 2010–2023. The findings reveal a marked increase in EEG‐related research, underscoring its effectiveness in examining consumers' reactions to marketing stimuli. This rise reflects a growing recognition among researchers of EEG's ability to address marketing research challenges, particularly in advertising, product development, branding, and pricing. EEG research predominantly targets advertising, followed by products, branding, and pricing, and delves deeply into consumer behavior aspects such as emotional, cognitive, and decision‐making processes. The study further highlights EEG's cutting‐edge potential to predict ad success, optimize product features, and refine pricing strategies with unprecedented accuracy. Specifically, emotion‐based ads profoundly influence decision‐making, offering novel insights into consumers' emotional engagement. This study emphasizes EEG's groundbreaking role in minimizing verbal biases and revealing consumer behavior, which is increasingly recognized as critical for developing more effective marketing strategies. This review underscores EEG's theoretical and practical contributions and offers pioneering insights into marketing effectiveness and consumer engagement. Future research should expand on these findings, exploring product neurodesign and social neuroscience to push the frontiers of consumer behavior analysis.
Interactions of NK Cells and Macrophages: From Infections to Cancer Therapeutics
Authors: Hooda Vishakha , Sharma Alpana
Published: December 2024

The interaction between immune cells brings a consequence either on their role and functioning or the functioning of the other immune cells, modulating the whole mechanistic pathway. The interaction between natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages is one such interaction which is relatively less explored amongst diseased conditions. Their significance comes from their innate nature and secretion of large proportions of cytokines and chemokines which results in influencing adaptive immune responses. Their interplay can lead to several functional outcomes such as NK cell activation/inhibition, increased cytotoxicity and IFNγ release by NK cells, inhibition of macrophage function, etc. This paper delves into the interaction amongst NK cells and macrophages via different receptor‐ligands and cytokines, particularly emphasising microbial infections and tumours. The review has the potential to uncover new insights and approaches that could lead to the development of innovative therapeutic tools and targets.
Biophysical and Structural Features of αβT‐Cell Receptor Mechanosensing: A Paradigmatic Shift in Understanding T‐Cell Activation
Authors: Mallis Robert J. , Brazin Kristine N. , Duke‐Cohan Jonathan S. , Akitsu Aoi , Stephens Hanna M. , Chang‐Gonzalez Ana C. , Masi Daniel J. , Kirkpatrick Evan H. , Holliday Elizabeth L. , Feng Yinnian , Zienkiewicz Katarzyna J. , Lee Jonathan J. , Cinella Vincenzo , Uberoy Kaveri I. , Tan Kemin , Wagner Gerhard , Arthanari Haribabu , Hwang Wonmuk , Lang Matthew J. , Reinherz Ellis L.
Published: December 2024

αβT cells protect vertebrates against many diseases, optimizing surveillance using mechanical force to distinguish between pathophysiologic cellular alterations and normal self‐constituents. The multi‐subunit αβT‐cell receptor (TCR) operates outside of thermal equilibrium, harvesting energy via physical forces generated by T‐cell motility and actin‐myosin machinery. When a peptide‐bound major histocompatibility complex molecule (pMHC) on an antigen presenting cell is ligated, the αβTCR on the T cell leverages force to form a catch bond, prolonging bond lifetime, and enhancing antigen discrimination. Under load, the αβTCR undergoes reversible structural transitions involving partial unfolding of its clonotypic immunoglobulin‐like (Ig) domains and coupled rearrangements of associated CD3 subunits and structural elements. We postulate that transitions provide critical energy to initiate the signaling cascade via induction of αβTCR quaternary structural rearrangements, associated membrane perturbations, exposure of CD3 ITAMs to phosphorylation by non‐receptor tyrosine kinases, and phase separation of signaling molecules. Understanding force‐mediated signaling by the αβTCR clarifies long‐standing questions regarding αβTCR antigen recognition, specificity and affinity, providing a basis for continued investigation. Future directions include examining atomistic mechanisms of αβTCR signal initiation, performance quality, tissue compliance adaptability, and T‐cell memory fate. The mechanotransduction paradigm will foster improved rational design of T‐cell based vaccines, CAR‐Ts, and adoptive therapies.