bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PEMBELAJARAN PAI DI SEKOLAH DAN MADRASAH: ANTARA CITA DAN REALITA
Authors: Nasution Sri Mulyani , Rosyada Dede
Published: January 2023

Islamic religious education is basically education that aims to form a complete Muslim person, develop all human potential both physically and spiritually, and foster a harmonious relationship between each person and Allah SWT. The implementation of religious education that takes place in schools today can be said to still experience many weaknesses. The reality that occurs in the field is still not able to meet the ideal conditions aspired to. Innovations that are able to bridge the barriers that block reality towards ideal conditions certainly need to be created, especially in the face of today's rapid changes. This type of research is library research, library research is research carried out using literature (library), either in the form of books, notes, or reports on research results from previous studies. Flexibility, adaptability, optimism, and teamwork determine the teacher's approach to change. Efforts to improve the quality of teachers can be done by increasing discipline, and knowledge and providing training. In addition, education leaders must support and encourage teachers to implement appropriate changes; 2) Ensure that changes made by teachers are sustainable over time; 3) Ensure that changes can be transmitted to other teachers.
PENDIDIKAN AKHLAK MENURUT IMAM HASAN AL-BANNA DALAM KITAB MAJMUATU RASA’IL
Authors: Choli Ifham , Farhana
Published: January 2023

important issue, so that every aspect of the Islamic education process always fosters noble character. Morals are traits that have been embedded in the soul that encourage one's behavior easily so that it becomes habitual behavior. This study uses the type of research in the form of Library Research (Library Research). Library research is a research conducted by reading, studying books by quoting from various theories and opinions that have a relationship with the problem under study. This study takes the thinking of Imam Hasan Al-Banna because Imam Hasan has a character of its own renewal that distinguishes it from the previous scholars. Among the most important aspects of education in the Ta'lim Treatise is the moral aspect. Among the most important aspects of education in the Ta'lim Treatise is the moral aspect. Hasan al Banna called it the "stick of command for change", because morality according to Al Banna is the first pillar of societal change. Al Banna said that Islam depends on changing the affairs of this ummah on changes in morals and cleanliness of the soul. The purpose of education according to Hasan Al Banna is oriented to the realization of Islamic identity, namely forming a Muslim personality.
PROBLEMATIKA PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS DARING IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP KEMURNIAN HASIL BELAJAR PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM
Authors: Arifin Nur Alam , Saputra Eddy , Wulan Rayung
Published: January 2023

Online based learning is a learning process that must be carried out amid social distancing. In Indonesia, this method is known as PJJ (distance learning). Online-based learning is a must for students and teachers to keep the learning process going. While on the other hand, there are still many students and parents who are not fully able to use smartphones and laptops to the fullest. In order for online learning to be carried out, smartphones and laptops must be supported by an internet network, while in areas students still complain that signals are difficult to obtain, this is due to the uneven distribution of infrastructure for Internet Network. With the long distance between students and teachers, online-based learning methods have implications in producing purity in the assessment of learning outcomes. This study uses qualitative methods, the data sources will be generated through observation, interviews and information from print and electronic media. The purpose of this study is to provide input on the problems of online-based learning. If in the future the online-based learning method becomes an option, careful planning and preparation are needed so that its implementation can run as it should.

Online based learning is a learning process that must be carried out amid social distancing. In Indonesia, this method is known as PJJ (distance learning). Online-based learning is a must for students and teachers to keep the learning process going. While on the other hand, there are still many students and parents who are not fully able to use smartphones and laptops to the fullest. In order for online learning to be carried out, smartphones and laptops must be supported by an internet network, while in areas students still complain that signals are difficult to obtain, this is due to the uneven distribution of infrastructure for Internet Network. With the long distance between students and teachers, online-based learning methods have implications in producing purity in the assessment of learning outcomes. This study uses qualitative methods, the data sources will be generated through observation, interviews and information from print and electronic media. The purpose of this study is to provide input on the problems of online-based learning. If in the future the online-based learning method becomes an option, careful planning and preparation are needed so that its implementation can run as it should.
Higher education teachers' and students' perceptions of open-book and proctored examinations in the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Marcano Beatriz , Ortega-Ruipérez Beatriz , Castellanos-Sánchez Almudena
Published: January 2023

In the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic, higher education was forced to review its assessment processes. Competency achievement and academic honesty should be ensured in online assessments. In the Master of Educational Technology and Digital Competences of a Spanish University, the open-book examination model was implemented to respond to the new situation considering the characteristics of authentic assessment (adapted to students, intellectually challenging, related to practice, coherent with the didactic methodology, makes plagiarism difficult).  We wanted to analyze the relevance of this change in evaluation. The main objective is to analyze the differences between traditional face-to-face exams from before the pandemic and open-book exams with and without proctoring according to the perception of teachers and students. The research is of an empirical nature and quantitative approach and is based on the responses of 66 teachers and 301 students to a questionnaire with sufficient validity (chi-2/Gl: 2.453, RMSEA: .069, CFI: .99 and TLI: .99), and an Omega reliability coefficient of .882. Comparisons were made between model A: traditional face-to-face examination, model B: open-book examination with proctoring, model C: open book examination without proctoring. The results show that for teachers and students open-book exams with or without proctoring had no significant differences and are more in line with an authentic assessment than face-to-face exams. It is concluded that open-book exams with or without proctoring are suitable for authentic online assessment in higher education. It is recommended to contrast the results in other online university courses and to encourage authentic assessment in higher education institutions.
The Effect of Content-Based Critical Thinking Teaching on 5th Grade Students' Critical Thinking Skills
Authors: GÜZEL İhsan , ERDEM İlhan
Published: January 2023

Araştırmada içerik temelli eleştirel düşünme öğretiminin öğrencilerin eleştirel düşünme becerilerine etkisini belirlemek amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda araştırmada, açıklayıcı sıralı desen kullanılmıştır. Açıklayıcı sıralı
desenin doğası gereği araştırmada ilk aşamada nicel, ikinci aşamada nitel araştırma yaklaşımı benimsenmiştir. Nicel verilerin toplandığı birinci aşamada model olarak ön test-son test kontrol gruplu yarı deneysel desen, nitel veriler
için ise fenomenoloji deseni tercih edilmiştir. Araştırmanın nicel veri toplama sürecine Muş ili Şeker Ortaokulu 5. sınıfında eğitim gören 25’i deney grubunda, 25’i kontrol grubunda olmak üzere ölçüt örnekleme yöntemi ile belirlenmiş
50 öğrenci dâhil edilmiştir. Nitel veri toplama sürecine ise amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden maksimum çeşitlilik örneklem yöntemi ile belirlenmiş 12 öğrenci dâhil edilmiştir. Araştırmada veri toplamak için “Eleştirel Düşünme Becerisi
Başarı Testi” ve “Yarı Yapılandırılmış Görüşme Formu” kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın nicel verileri parametrik testlerle analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın nitel verileri ise içerik analizi yolu ile çözümlenmiştir. Araştırmada içerik
temelli eleştirel düşünme becerisi eğitimi öncesi 5. sınıf öğrencilerinin eleştirel düşünme becerileri ile içerik temelli eleştirel düşünme becerisi eğitimi sonrası 5. sınıf öğrencilerinin eleştirel düşünme becerileri arasında
anlamlı bir farklılığın olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Belirlenen anlamlı farklılık, içerik temelli eleştirel düşünme becerisi eğitimlerinin öğrencilerin eleştirel düşünme becerileri üzerinde etkili olduğu şeklinde değerlendirilmiştir.
Araştırmada içerik temelli eleştirel düşünme beceri etkinliklerinin, öğrencilerin eleştirel düşünme düzeylerine birçok yönden pozitif yönde etki sağladığı belirlenmiştir. Bunlar; karar verme, farklı düşünme yetenekleri, belirtilen
olaylarda olay örgüsünü kavrama, olaylardaki neden-sonuç ilişkisini ayırt etme, keşfetme ve keşfettiklerinden yola çıkarak değerlendirmeler yapma ve sonuca ulaşma yetilerinde pozitif değişimler yaşanması olarak sıralanmıştır.
Lausanne Peace Conference from the Framework of Mosul Province and Imperial Goals
Authors: KARAKUŞ Girayalp
Published: January 2023

Although the decisive factor in Turkish history is usually wars, there are also great diplomatic achievements in its history. One of these achievements is the Lausanne Peace Conference. The Lausanne Peace Treaty, which is accepted
as the document that provides the foundation of the Ankara Government, is a subject that has been discussed from the past to the present. The Talks in Lausanne, which is an issue that should be evaluated without falling into anachronism,
may be an issue that should be considered positively when the conditions of the period are considered. The aim of this study is to examine the problematic in the conditions of the period and to evaluate it within the center-periphery
dichotomy. The achievements of Lausanne were explained within the framework of the imperial goals of the great powers, and it was emphasized that it would not be scientific to read the subject simply as victory-loss. Two opposing
poles struggled at the conference. While Lord Curzon was putting pressure on the Turkish side under Mudros, İsmet Pasha stated that he came from Mudanya. While defending their thoughts on both sides, they tried to make the other
side accept that they were victorious states. Both sides were tired of war; however, the Turkish people, who had fought on many fronts for many years, did not have the strength to fight again. Despite this situation, it can be
stated that İsmet Pasha defended Turkey's interests in Lausanne as best as he could. İsmet Pasha managed to arouse prestige in many delegates at the conference. Another subject of the article is the Mosul issue, whose disappearance
is still the subject of debate. It is one of the most emphasized issues that the loss of Mosul was not in Lausanne as it was thought. The Turkish delegation defended its rights in Mosul until the last moment in Lausanne. Mosul
was lost much later. Turkey also struggled to prevent the Mosul issue from being discussed in the League of Nations; because at that time England had an influence in this organization.
Reflection Areas of Media Imperialism: A Critical to the Relationship of Culture and Individual in Digital Games
Authors: SÖĞÜT Yasin
Published: January 2023

Yeni iletişim teknolojilerinin etkinliği toplumsal yapıdan, gündelik pratiklere, davranışlara ve tutumlara kadar her alanda hızla sürmektedir. Medya, yaşanılan teknolojik değişimin merkezi olarak birey odaklı çok sayıda yeni uygulamalarla
kendi etki alanını arttırmaktadır. Medya içerikleri kitleleri etkilemekle birlikte nesnel olmaktan öznel olmaya doğru hızlı bir dönüşüm süreci yaşamaktadır. Bunun en bariz örneklerinden birisi, toplu haberleşme imkanlarının artmasıyla
medyanın enformasyon biçiminin daha çok birey hedefli bir hale getirmesidir. Medyanın etkileyici gücü ve bilgiyi enformasyona dönüştürerek kendi güç alanını inşa etmesi bireyi tehlikeli bir sürece götürmektedir. Özellikle dijitalleşme
ile yeni uygulamaların bireyin gündelik hayatında vazgeçilmez bir iletişim kanalı haline gelmesi süreci daha da güçlü bir hale getirmiştir. Bu güçlü alanların başında dijital oyunlar gelmektedir. Bireyin teknoloji kullanımın artması
ve mobil dijitalleşmenin yaygınlaşması oyunların gündelik hayat içinde daha fazla yer almasını sağlamıştır. Araştırmada medyanın dijitalleşme ile artan etkisinin dijital oyunlar ve birey ilişkisinde nasıl bir etkileşime sahip olduğunun
anlaşılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda Dünya genelinde 2022 yılında en fazla oynanan ilk 10 mobil oyun örneklem seçilmiştir. Araştırmada medya emperyalizmi analizi için literatür taraması, oyunlar içeriğinin analizi için göstergebilim
yöntem kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda dijital mobil oyunların giderek artan bir hızla kullanımının yaygınlaştığı ve oyunlarda bireylerin şiddet, nefret ve öldürme gibi olumsuz duygulara teşvik edildiği bulgularına ulaşılmıştır.
The Second Stage of the Upper Kızılırmak Culture and Nature Trail (Zara-İmranlı)
Authors: ÜNSAL Ömer , ÖZPAY Gülpınar AKBULUT
Published: January 2023

Bu çalışmanın konularını İç Anadolu Bölgesi’nde Sivas ili sınırları içinde yer alan Yukarı Kızılırmak Kültür ve Doğa Yolu’nun ikinci etabını oluşturan Zara-İmranlı ilçelerindeki değerlerin envanterini belirlemek ve rotaları çıkarmak
oluşturur. Bu kapsamda; 2018 yılında Yukarı Kızılırmak Kültür ve Doğa Yolu’nun birinci etabı (Sivas-Zara) yayımlanmıştır. Çalışmanın ikinci aşamasını oluşturan bu araştırmada ise ilk etapta Zara ilçesinde yer verilmeyen ve İmranlı
ilçesinde bulunan doğal ve kültürel değerler tespit edilmiş; özgün, estetik, bilimsel, nadirlik özelliği olan, manzara güzelliği sunan ve kültürel değere sahip olanların turizm açısından nasıl bir değer oluşturduğunun belirlenmesi
amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın esas amacı ülkemizin en uzun akarsuyu olan Kızılırmak çevresinde yer alan doğal ve kültürel değerlerin tespit edilerek en uzun yürüyüş rotası ve koridorunun oluşturulmasıdır. Bunun için de; kaynağını Sivas
Kızıldağ’dan alan bu akarsuyun ve tali kollarının Sivas il sınırları içerinde akış gösterdiği güzergâhlara yönelik arazi çalışmaları 2013 yılından beri yoğun bir şekilde gerçekleştirilmiş; üç bölüme ayrılan saha aşama aşama çalışılmıştır.
Zara-İmranlı arasındaki ikinci etap için öncelikle literatür taraması yapılmış, arazi çalışmaları gerçekleştirilmiş, 4 Eylül Sivas Kongresi kapsamında bir etkinlikte rotanın zamanı, zorluk dereceleri ve kamp alanlarını tespit etmek
amacıyla kaynaktan Sivas’a kadar yürüyüş gerçekleştirilmiş; lokasyon, jeoloji, topografya ve rota haritaları hazırlanmıştır. Sahanın büyüklüğü dikkate alındığında yeni kaynak değerlerinin eklenmesi muhtemel olan bu araştırmada
2013 yılından bugüne tespit edilen değerler üzerinden kıymetlendirme yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın sonucunda araştırma sahasında yer alan değerlerin envanteri elde edilecek, ana rota ve rotalar çıkarılacak, sahaya yönelik turizm çalışmaları
ve yatırımlar da bu veriler kullanılabilecektir. Ayrıca korunarak turizme kazandırılması hedeflenen bu değerlerin sahada yaşayan yerel halka ekonomik katkı sağlaması da beklenmektedir.
Primary Pancreatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An Incidental Diagnosis of a Rare Entity
Authors: Sreelakshmi S , Giri Ranjana , Dasnayak Goutami , Senapati Urmila , Mohapatra Vedavyas
Published: January 2023

Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) of pancreas is a non endocrine tumour showing ductal origin which accounts for approximately 0.5-2% of all malignant pancreatic tumours. Diagnosis is usually made by tissue sampling followed by comprehensive search for primary SCC elsewhere. Hereby, authors report a rare case of primary pancreatic SCC in a young female. A 46-year-old female with history of type 2 diabetes mellitus presented with abdominal pain radiating to back associated with biliary vomiting since five months. Laboratory investigations revealed mild anaemia, neutrophilic leucocytosis and elevated blood glucose. Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) and Cancer Antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) were within normal limits. Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography (CECT) (abdomen and pelvis) showed pancreatic atrophy, multiple stones in head and body along with a pseudocyst in tail of pancreas. Patient underwent triple phase Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) with Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) which showed chronic pancreatitis with intraductal calculi in the head and distal body region with pseudocyst at tail region. Frey’s procedure was done and tissue sent in multiple pieces. Histopathology revealed features of infiltrating SCC in a background of atrophic pancreas. Immunohistochemistry for CK5/6, P63 and CEA was done for confirmation. It showed strong positivity for CK5/6 and P63, while CEA was negative. Final diagnosis of SCC of pancreas in a background of atrophic pancreas was rendered. Though pancreas is devoid of squamous cells, it is not uncommon to find squamous metaplasia of ductal epithelial cells secondary to chronic inflammation. In the present case, though clinical and radiological features points towards benign lesion, definite diagnosis as SCC is justified by histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Because of the rarity, diagnosis and treatment still remains a challenge.
MRI Findings in Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome- A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Dhawan Vaishali Bodhraj , Guru Bhushita Nilesh
Published: January 2023

Osmotic demyelination syndrome is a condition seen due to the loss of normal myelin in the central nervous system. Multiple etiologies have been identified as causing this condition, however, the most reported cause is the rapid correction of hyponatremia. Different levels of the central nervous system are involved in the condition. Despite variable etiologies and clinical outcomes of the disease, the Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) findings are well-established and characteristic. Hereby, two cases (45 years and 25 years old males) of Osmotic demyelination syndrome are described, to demonstrate the characteristic magnetic resonance imaging findings of the brain. Both cases were chronic alcoholics with a history of few episodes of vomiting, who later developed neurological symptoms. Their biochemical investigations showed severe hyponatremia. The hyponatremia was corrected rapidly, following which they developed neurological symptoms. Non-contrast MRI brain was done for both patients, which showed abnormal hyperintense T2/Fluid-attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR) signals in central Pons. Both cases showed variable, however characteristics findings of osmotic demyelination syndrome on MRI. Despite, multiple causative factors and clinical outcomes of Osmotic demyelination syndrome, MRI with its characteristic findings plays a key role in diagnosis.
Correlation of Lactate Dehydrogenase Level with Severity of Disease and In-hospital Outcome in Individuals Diagnosed with COVID-19: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Bohuliga Kawther Ghassan , Alkhidady Wijdan Hasan , Alqannas Naif Khalid , Â­Alghamdi Mohammed Ahmed , Alnemer Ammar Hassan , Siddiqui Intisar Ahmad , Alameer Faris Hussain , Ezzeldin Tarek
Published: January 2023

Introduction: The presence of tissue damage in the lungs, kidneys, heart, or other organs can be detected by monitoring the level of Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) in the blood and considered a reliable biomarker in early prediction of patients’ prognosis. Aim: To determine extent of correlation between LDH level with the spectrum and in-hospital outcome of Coronavirus Disease2019 (COVID-19) infected patients. Materials and Methods: This retrospective research was undertaken during March 2020 to May 2020, based on the data of 205 COVID-19 infected patients, reported at Dammam Medical Complex, Dammam, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. Patients’ records were retrieved and the following data were recorded-age, gender, nationality, co-morbidities, lactate dehydrogenase level, number of days since the patient tested positive (Up to 7,14 and >14 days), COVID-19 symptoms [mild, moderate, or severe as per British Thoracic Society guidelines (CURB (Confusion, Blood Urea Nitrogen, Respiratory Rate, Blood Pressure)-65)]. The data was collected and tabulated as mean±SD, frequency and percentages. Analysis was carried out using specialized software of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Results: On analysis of the collected data of all 205 included patients, the LDH level was found significantly high among males, 46-60 years old, and among non-Saudi patients. The severity of COVID-19 symptoms and LDH levels were found to have a strong relationship (p-value<0.001). Patients between the ages of 46 and 60 were more likely (4.3 times) to have poor outcomes, and diabetes mellitus was predicted to be 2.32 times more likely to be associated with poor COVID-19 outcomes. Raised LDH levels were >5 times more likely to lead to in-hospital poor outcomes compared to those with borderline LDH levels. Conclusion: LDH level is a reliable predictor for the cause of COVID-19. The results of the present study suggest that patients aged 46-60 years, diabetic patients, or those suffering from severe symptoms of COVID-19 have raised levels of LDH.
Constraints and Suggestions Expressed by the Farmers toward Kisan Call Centre (KCC) Advisories
Authors: Raja R. Puneeth , Naika K. Venkataranga
Published: January 2023

Kisan Call Centre (KCC) is an ICT initiative with the core aim of answering farmers' queries through telephone call in their own dialect. KCC offering services at free of cost countrywide by dialling a common Toll-Free number 1800-180-1551. In this study, an attempt has been made to document the constraints faced by the KCC beneficiaries and seek their suggestions to overcome them in Chamarajanagar District of Karnataka during 2021-22. Totally 200 respondents were considered for the study and personal interview method was adopted for collection of data. The data was analysed using frequency and percentage analysis. The results revealed that, it is difficult to explain the symptoms of pests and diseases of plant over phone call (94.50%), is the major technical constraints and location specific needs of the farmer not solved by KCC officials (91.50%), are the technical and general constraints expressed by the KCC beneficiaries. KCC should provide the facility of snap chats wherever, it is required to understand symptoms in better way (90.50%) and The publicity and awareness programs to be organized to increase awareness about KCCs among farmers (97.00%) are the technical and general suggestion given by beneficiaries to overcome the constraints.
Capital Structure Decisions of Listed Firms in Transport Equipment Industry in India
Authors: Shilpa N. C. , Amulya M.
Published: January 2023

Aims: The study predominantly attempts to examine the capital structure decisions of listed firms in Transport Equipment Industry by analyzing the relationship between leverage and profitability.

Study Design: Descriptive research design is used to describe the characteristics of the firms belonging to industry. The study envisages an extensive use of data extracted from professional database CMIE prowess and from reports Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Annual Survey of Industries and Satista.

Place and Duration of Study: The sample for the study consists of all listed firms National Stock Exchange (NSE) affiliated under Transport equipment Industry (CMIE classification). There were totally 86 firms as on 31st March 2018. The relevant data sets are retrieved for a period of 10 years (2008-2018). Thus, a panel data of 860 different observations were considered for study.

Methodology: To analyze the data collected, Econometric model for longitudinal data with repeated measures known as Hierarchical linear regression model is adopted. This helps in estimation of industry grand mean, segment mean and firm mean for multilevel nested data.

Results: The result of the study indicates that segment means are approximately equal to industry mean of 0.2898. Further, the segment-level means of all eight segments follows normal distribution with firms having high and low leverage firms. Finally, the firm-level variance is comparably high indicating that firms’ influence on capital structure decisions is predominant of all in this industry which has been found to be consistent over past decade.

Conclusion: The underleveraged firms in Transport Equipment Industry exhibit relatively higher average Return on Equity (ROE) and Return on Capital Employed (ROCE) compared to optimal leveraged firms. On the other hand, overleveraged firms indicate inverse relationship with profitability. This is justified by the pecking order theory that higher profitable firms incorporate internally generated funds available at lower cost compared to external financing.
The Relationship of Self-Concept and Mathematics Performance of College Students in the New Normal
Authors: Adlawon Cherry Mae C. , Valdevarona Angielou Mae G. , Miranda Aldwin T.
Published: January 2023

This study aimed to explore the relationship between self-concept and mathematics performance of first-year college students. Descriptive correlational research design was employed and stratified random sampling technique was used. A total of three hundred twenty-eight (328) students were subjected to the study. In gathering the data, an adopted survey questionnaire was used. Mean and standard deviation were used for description of quantitative variables and percentage (%) was used for categorical variables. Spearman correlation analysis was then employed to analyze the relationship among the considered variables. Results revealed that most of the respondents exhibit moderate level of self-concept toward learning mathematics during the time of pandemic. This implies that, students’ interest in mathematics is notable and display a positive perception of the subject.  The mathematics performance of most of the respondents belonged to a very good level, implying that students developed fundamental knowledge and skills in mathematics subject. Correlation analysis revealed that self-concept is significantly correlated to the mathematics performance of the students. Hence, it is recommended to incorporate activities and approaches into the math curriculum that are designed to boost students’ self-concept towards mathematics.
Game-theoretical Approaches to Cyber-crime Monitoring
Authors: Olatunji Sylvester Oluyemi , Alese Boniface Kayode , Olabode Olatunbosun , Ayeni Olaniyi
Published: January 2023

Our society's diploma of reliance on IT and our online world is developing daily. Cyberspace, the call given to the worldwide and dynamic domain, composed of the infrastructure of the statistics era consisting of the net networks and statistics and telecommunications structures has supplied extraordinary globalization that gives new opportunities, but additionally includes new challenges, risks, and threats. Knowledge of its threats, dealing with the risks, and constructing suitable prevention, defense, detection, evaluation, investigation, and recuperation is essential. Given the present-day assessment of the statistics safety and intrusion detection, there's without a doubt a want for a choice and manipulation framework to cope with problems like assault modeling, evaluation of detected threats, and choice of reaction actions. We look at the goals of designing a mathematical version for gamified cybercrime tracking in a community environment.
Growth Performance, Haematological, Serum Indices and Histopathology of Finisher Broiler Chickens Offered Nutritional Supplement of Comfrey (Symphytum officinale L) Leaves Extract
Authors: Esiegwu A. C. , Obih T. K. O.
Published: January 2023

Present study was carried out to investigate the effect of nutritional supplement of Comfrey (Symphytum officinale L) leaves extract on the performance, haematological, serum indices and histopathology of finisher broilers. 200g of Comfrey symphytum leaves were squeezed in 1 liter of H2O with a juicer to produce comfrey symphytum leaves extract. The leaves extract were further mixed (diluted) in clean drinking water at the rate of 0ml/liter of H2O, 50ml/liter of H2O, 100ml/liter of H2O and 150ml/liter of H2O designated as T1, T3, T4 and T5. T2 was given conventional supplement (Divertamin). Five groups of 30 broiler chicks (28 days old) of Agritech breed were randomly assigned to one of the supplementary Comfrey symphytum leaves extract and the conventional supplement for 28 days in a completely randomized design. Each group was subdivided into three replicates of 10 birds each. The birds were fed normal broiler finisher diet for all the groups. At the end of the 28 days feeding trial, performance indices result showed that T5 (150ml extract/liter of H2O) gave best value (P<0.05) for feed conversion ratio, average weight changes and average daily weight gain but statistically similar (P>0.05) to the control. The indices for economics of production showed that T5 had high earnings for revenue and gross margin with reduced cost/kg weight gain. The haematological and serum indices were not affected significantly (P>0.05). Histopathological examination revealed that comfrey leaves extract caused effaced tissue stromal elements, congestion and marked cellularity of the liver. It was concluded that Comfrey symphytum leaves extract could be used as a nutritional supplement to improve performance of broiler finishers at 100 - 150ml of extract/liter of H2O due to its cost effectiveness and increased revenue and profit margin.
Isolation and In vitro Studies of Native Isolates of Bacillus subtilison Maize Stalk Rot Incited by Fusarium verticillioides
Authors: Mamatha Ch. , Mallaiah B. , Vidyasagar B. , Bhadru D.
Published: January 2023

Fusarium wilt of maize is a widely distributed and the most destructive disease caused by Fusarium verticillioides. The main objective of this experiment is to identify the effective Bacillus isolates against Fusarium verticillioides under in vitro condition. A total of 10 Bacillus spp. isolates were isolated from rhizhosphere region of maize plants in different locations of Telangana state and tested for antagonistic activity at department of plant pathology, Maize Research Centre, Agricultural Research Institute, Rajendranagar. All the isolates of Bacillus spp. were used for determining theirbio efficacy against Fusarium verticillioides. All the isolates not shown similar bio efficacy and differerd in their antagonistic activity against F. verticillioides mycelial growth. Among them the isolates B-ISO-3 and B-ISO-2 were found to record significantly higher percent reduction of mycelial growth 63.3 and 62.8 % respectively, followed by B-ISO-9 which recorded 61.3%t reduction of mycelial growth over control. The lowest percent reduction of mycelial growth was recorded with the isolate B-IS0-8 (34.2 %) over control.
Social Factors, Age, and Health at Time of Dementia Diagnosis
Authors: Ding Mozhu , Schmidt-Mende Katharina , Modig Karin
Published: February 2025

Importance

A timely diagnosis is crucial in ensuring high-quality care for individuals with dementia. Comparing age and health status at the time of dementia diagnosis across population subgroups can provide insights into vulnerable groups that may experience delayed diagnosis and/or a poorer prognosis.

Objective

To examine how age and health at the time of dementia diagnosis vary across sociodemographic subgroups.

Design, Setting, and Participants

A nationwide cross-sectional study of individuals with an incident dementia diagnosis from either specialist care or who were dispensed antidementia drugs, identified from the Swedish National Patient Register and the Prescribed Drug Register between January 2018 and December 2022.

Exposures

Sociodemographic status at the time of dementia diagnosis was assessed through linkage with national registers and included education, place of birth, living arrangement, family status, and family disposable income.

Main outcomes and measures

Health status was assessed by calculating the number of dispensed medications during the year preceding dementia diagnosis, as well as the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and Hospital Frailty Risk Score (HFRS) using specialist diagnoses during the preceding 5 years.

Results

Of the 107 707 individuals with a dementia diagnosis, 61 127 (56.8%) were women and the mean (SD) age at diagnosis was 82.0 (7.7) years. Individuals with lower education, living alone or in a care home, or without a close relative were a mean (SD) of 3.1 (7.3) years older when diagnosed with dementia compared with their counterparts. At the time of diagnosis, individuals who had lower than high school education had higher CCI (odds ratio [OR], 1.11; 95% CI, 1.07-1.15) and more medications (OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.33-1.44) compared with those with university education. Age and health status at dementia diagnosis did not differ significantly by place of birth or income.

Conclusions and relevance

This nationwide register-based study indicated that clinical diagnosis of dementia may be significantly delayed among individuals with low education, those living alone or in a care home, or those without a close relative. These groups also had poorer health at the time of dementia diagnosis, which may impact their prognosis negatively. Future efforts should focus on improving health services to better address the diagnostic and care needs of these vulnerable subgroups.
Ideotype‐Based Approach for Improving Root Traits in Crop Plants for Climate Resilience: How Far Have We Zeroed In on the Best Fit?
Authors: Shafi Sadiah , Shafi Insha , Zaffar Aaqif , Riyaz Ishrat , Fatima Samreen , Zargar Sajad M. , Dar Zahoor A. , Djanaguiraman Maduraimuthu , Vara Prasad Pagadala V. , Sofi Parvaze A.
Published: February 2025

The unprecedented challenges to crop production driven by climate change drivers warrant the development of resilient crop varieties to sustain crop yield. In the present and future, climate, drought, salinity and temperature stress will be the major yield‐limiting factors. Roots are the primary responders to drought, flooding and salinity and assume a key position in developing plant resilience. Root architecture has emerged as a promising focal point in breeding efforts aimed at developing resource‐efficient crops. However, crop selection frequently prioritises shoot performance exclusively because evaluating root traits is a more intricate process. Improving root traits will be a pivotal factor in increasing the efficiency of water and nutrient capture, reducing yield gaps and providing the necessary foundation for the ‘Evergreen Revolution’, which is essential for aligning crop production with the needs of the growing human population. However, building an ideotype for root system architecture (RSA) has been precluded by obvious difficulties in reliable phenotyping and greater growth plasticity and abiotic stress response of root, as in some cases, the plasticity can be maladaptive due to greater metabolic costs. Nevertheless, a large body of experimental data has been generated to build an optimum root ideotype for diverse stressful environments. In this article, we provide an overview of the typical RSA ideotypes under various stresses that have been suggested in previous research and indicate functional evidence on the role of root phenes that could help breeders in their efforts to include root traits in their selection pipelines for abiotic stress tolerance, aimed to improve the resilience of crops. Such an approach can deliver quicker improvements compared to selection solely based on yield, particularly in stressful environments, using a more precisely tailored approach to increase long‐term sustainability and mitigate the impacts of stresses. Also, the probabilities for aligning future abiotic stress breeding strategies based on RSA and other traits are discussed. Prioritising these ideotype‐related traits in breeding programs could significantly boost crop production and enhance the long‐term sustainability of agriculture.
Bioprocessing‐inspired Water‐Mediated Crystallization and Densification of Strong Nacre‐Like Aragonite Ceramic from Hydrated Amorphous Precursor
Authors: Hu Huifeng , Wang Qihang , Gao Huailing , Wang Pengfei , Ping Hang , Xie Jingjing , Fu Zhengyi , Zou Zhaoyong
Published: February 2025

Ceramics are usually obtained by powder sintering at a temperature higher than 1000 °C. By contrast, living organisms can use hydrated amorphous precursors to produce biominerals with high inorganic content and excellent mechanical properties under mild conditions. Here, inspired by the biomineralization process, aragonite ceramic composed of densely packed nanocrystals is manufactured by in situ crystallization and densification of amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) under pressure at low temperature (80 °C). It is demonstrated that the structural water played critical roles in promoting the fusion of nanoparticles, nucleation of aragonite nanocrystals, and further densification. More importantly, strong nacre‐like aragonite ceramic is constructed by introducing cellulose films as the organic layers, where a gradient interface is achieved by water‐promoted fusion of nanocrystals into cellulose. Notably, the hardness and Young's modulus of the artificial nacre from nanoindentation can reach 3.76 and 63.38 GPa, respectively, which are comparable to natural nacre. The macroscopic mechanical analysis gave a Vickers hardness of 258.26 Kgf mm−2 and Young's modulus of 5.94 GPa. Besides, the flexural strength and fracture toughness can reach 158.0 MPa and 3.35 MPa m1/2, respectively. Thus, the study provides a new bioprocessing‐inspired strategy for the fabrication of ceramics with excellent mechanical properties at low temperatures.
High‐Performance Quasi‐2D Sn‐Pb Perovskite Photodetectors for High‐Fidelity Image Sensing and Optical Communication
Authors: Ke Kanghui , Gao Yu , Meng Jiazhi , He Yi , Deng Bohua , Huang Haoyu , Zhang Si‐Wei , Zhang Kai , Xu Zhuhua , Li Huan , Yao Xiongxian , Ye Zilong , Song Liping , Shu Chang , Yang Shihe , Qin Ni , Fu H. Y. , Yip Hin‐Lap , Kang Feiyu , Wei Guodan
Published: February 2025

Developing stable and efficient photodetectors (PDs) for environmentally friendly applications such as biological imaging, optical communications, and wearable electronics demands novel materials with improved optoelectronic properties. Herein, by precisely controlling the Pb2⁺ content (3%, 6%, and 12%) using a galvanic displacement reaction (GDR), we created a mixed 2D/3D phase structure that enhances the quality of the Sn‐Pb thin films, which improved crystalline orientation, suppressed trap‐assisted recombination and reduced Sn2+ oxidation processes, resulting in superior environmental stability under air exposure conditions. The flexible device demonstrated robust stability, maintaining performance after 4000 bending cycles or 96 h of storage in ambient conditions. The self‐powered quasi‐2D Sn‐Pb PDs exhibit an impressively low dark current of 1.2 × 10−8 A cm−2, rapid rise and decay time of 684 and 683 ns, a peak responsivity of 405 mA W−1, and a peak detectivity of 1.19 × 1013 Jones at 710 nm. Additionally, under LED illumination (λ = 910 nm), the photodetectors also demonstrate high fidelity in optical signal transmission, successfully facilitating encrypted communication sequences and image transmission at a rate of 25 kbps. This work presents a promising strategy for developing high‐performance, stable quasi‐2D Sn‐Pb perovskite photodetectors, highlighting their potential for next‐generation photodetectors in flexible, real‐world environments.
H2O2‐Generating Advanced Nanomaterials for Cancer Treatment
Authors: Musaie Kiyan , Abbaszadeh Samin , Marais Kik , Nosrati‐Siahmazgi Vahideh , Rezaei Saman , Xiao Bo , Dua Kamal , Santos Hélder A. , Shahbazi Mohammad‐Ali
Published: February 2025

Tumor cells exploit abnormal redox homeostasis and the pro‐tumorigenic effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to enhance their survival and progression. However, excessively high levels of ROS can exceed the oxidative stress threshold of tumor cells, inducing cell death. This can occur by selectively elevating the concentration of H2O2 in tumor cells through both endogenous and exogenous mechanisms. The generated H2O2 serves as a precursor for toxic ROS, such as •OH and 1O2, via chemodynamic and photodynamic therapy, respectively, leading to apoptosis, necrosis, and ferroptosis. Strategies to boost H2O2 levels include direct delivery of exogenous H2O2 and amplifying endogenous H2O2 generation by inhibiting antioxidant enzymes, leveraging glucose oxidase, employing photocatalytic therapy (PCT), and utilizing metal peroxides. Among them, metal peroxides have displayed remarkable performance due to their excellent potential to elevate H2O2 concentration within tumor cells while simultaneously normalizing the acidic and hypoxic conditions of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Moreover, these nanostructures enhance tumor sensitivity to complementary treatments, like chemotherapy. This review summarizes advanced perspectives in the design, synthesis, and comparative analysis of H2O2‐generating nanoplatforms, emphasizing their capacity to treat various cancers.
Bioadaptable 3D Printed Scaffold for Microenvironment‐Activatable Visualization and Osteogenesis in Diabetic Bone Defect
Authors: Feng Qian , Che Lingbin , Li Chenglin , Zhan Jiexiang , Li Bing , Wang Lijuan , Chen Shuo , Zhou Xiaojun , Song Dianwen , He Chuanglong
Published: February 2025

The regeneration of diabetic bone defects faces significant challenges due to glycemic fluctuations, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and chronic inflammation. A combined diagnostic and therapeutic strategy utilizing advanced visualization techniques enables monitoring of bone inflammation and implant degradation, facilitating timely and precise interventions to enhance bone repair. This study developed a multifunctional diagnostic and therapeutic scaffold (SrHA/IH/GOx@G) using 3D printing technology. The scaffold incorporates an “all‐in‐one” nanofluorescent probe (ICG@HMnO₂), Sr‐doped hydroxyapatite (SrHA), methacrylated gelatin (GelMA), and glucose oxidase (GOx). GOx catalyzes glucose and oxygen into gluconic acid and H₂O₂, while H₂O₂ is scavenged by ICG@HMnO₂, releasing Mn2⁺ for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ICG for near‐infrared (NIR) imaging. The scaffold tracks inflammation at bone defect sites for 14 days and monitors scaffold degradation in situ for up to 8 weeks. Moreover, releasing Sr and Ca ions from the scaffold promotes osteogenic differentiation and angiogenesis, significantly accelerating diabetic bone repair. This scaffold combines advanced diagnostic imaging, real‐time visualization, and therapeutic effects, offering a promising integrated strategy for treating diabetic bone defects with diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
Mechano‐Lysis in Whole Blood Clots: On How Mechanics Affect Clot Lysis, and How Lysis Affects Clot Mechanics
Authors: Bechtel Grace N. , Sugerman Gabriella P. , Eades Tatum , Malinowska Zuzanna , Bush Adam M. , Saber Hamidreza , Parekh Sapun H. , Rausch Manuel K.
Published: February 2025

Thromboembolic diseases are a significant cause of mortality and are clinically treated enzymatically with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). Interestingly, prior studies in fibrin fibers and fibrin gels have demonstrated that thrombolysis may be mechanically sensitive. This study aims to expand mechano‐lytic studies to whole blood clots. Furthermore, this study investigates not only how mechanics impacts lysis but also how lysis impacts mechanics. Therefore, clots made from whole human blood are exposed to tPA while the clots are either stretched or unstretched. After, the resulting degree of clot lysis is measured by weighing the clots and by measuring the concentration of D‐dimer in the surrounding bath. Additionally, each clot's mechanical properties are measured. This study finds that mechanical stretch accelerates loss in clot weight but does not impact the lysis rate as measured by D‐dimer. Moreover, lysis not only removes clot volume but also reduces the remaining clot's stiffness and toughness. In summary, tPA‐induced lysis of whole clot appears mechanically insensitive, but stretch reduces clot weight. Furthermore, results show that thrombolysis weakens clot. This suggests that thrombolysis may increase the risk of secondary embolizations but may also ease clot removal during thrombectomy, for example.
Viscoelastic HyA Hydrogel Promotes Recovery of Muscle Quality and Vascularization in a Murine Model of Delayed Rotator Cuff Repair
Authors: Pfaff Morgan R. , Wague Aboubacar , Davies Michael , Killaars Anouk R. , Ning Derek , Garcia Steven , Nguyen Anthony , Nuthalapati Prashant , Liu Mengyao , Liu Xuhui , Feeley Brian T. , Healy Kevin E.
Published: February 2025

Rotator cuff tears are common musculotendinous injuries with a high risk of permanent functional disability. Following surgical repair, sub‐optimal patient outcomes are directly correlated with poor muscle quality; namely, injury site fatty infiltration, fibrosis, and muscle atrophy. Muscle resident fibro‐adipogenic progenitor cells (FAPs) have been identified as key regulators of post‐injury skeletal muscle regeneration and repair by maintaining a pro‐myogenic environment. In this work, human FAPs (hFAPs) were encapsulated into hyaluronic acid (HyA)‐based hydrogels functionalized with bsp‐RGD(15) cell adhesion peptide, heparin, and a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐cleavable crosslinker. Hydrogel‐encapsulated hFAPs increased expression of the pro‐myogenic marker UCP1 and production of the anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐10 while downregulating the expression of the fibrotic marker αSMA over time. A murine model of unilateral rotator cuff transection, denervation, and delayed repair was treated with the HyA hydrogel or PBS and compared to a contralateral, non‐injured control limb. Muscle histology 6 weeks post‐repair revealed that the hydrogel reduced fibrosis, FI, and muscle atrophy while supporting vascularization of the injured tissue region. Collectively, these results suggest that the HyA hydrogel alone can promote muscle regeneration in a clinically relevant delayed repair model of rotator cuff tear, which is hypothesized due to controlled FAP differentiation into pro‐myogenic lineages.