bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dalam Perubahan Perilaku Buang Air Besar Sembarangan
Authors: Yushananta Prayudhy , Ahyanti Mei , Usman Sarip , Murwanto Bambang , Sujito Enro
Published: November 2021

Penyakit diare masih menjadi masalah kesehatan yang penting, karena menyumbang sekitar 4.800 kematian anak-anak balita di seluruh dunia. Dengan incidence 11%, diare menjadi penyebab kematian kedua pada anak balita di Indonesia. Pencegahan dan pengendalian diare utamanya melalui intervensi air minum dan jamban sehat. Pengabdian masyarakat bertujuan melakukan perubahan perilaku BABS, dengan empat tahap: membangun kesepahaman, persamaan persepsi, penyuluhan, dan pendampingan rumah tangga sasaran. Pada akhir tahapan, dilakukan evaluasi untuk menilai keberhasilan, hambatan, dan rencana tindak lanjut. Dikembangkan juga konsep ”berbagi peran” terhadap seluruh mitra pengabdian. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat menghasilkan jamban sehat sebanyak 16 buah, dan diakses 21 rumah tangga. Hasil ini menandakan bahwa seluruh rumah tangga di Kelurahan Segala Mider telah terakses jamban sehat. Penerapan konsep “berbagi peran” mampu menghasilkan luaran sesuai target, membentuk sistem kerja gotong royong pada penerima manfaat, dan perbaikan tata nilai. Diperlukan komitmen bersama dalam melaksanakan pemberdayaan masyarakat, dan pelibatan pihak-pihak lain secara luas
Penerapan Sistem E-Government Services di Kelurahan Sidodadi Kota Samarinda
Authors: Syahrin Muhammad Najeri , Verdikha Naufal Azmi , Siswa Taghfirul Azhima Yoga
Published: November 2021

Pemerintahan Kantor Kelurahan Sidodadi telah menerapkan sistem layanan (service) namun sistem masih dijalankan secara manual dan belum terintegrasi dalam melayani berbagai kebutuhan masyarakat akan administrasi kependudukan dan pelayanan administrasi pemerintahan lainnya. Kelemahan sistem tersebut, masyarakat tidak dapat dilayani maksimal dalam kurun waktu 24 jam. Hal ini dikarenakan untuk mengakses layanan tersebut warga tersebut harus datang langsung ke kantor kelurahan, sementara jam kerja Kantor Kelurahan hanya 5 hari dan terbatas jam operasionalnya dalam kondisi pandemi Covid 19. Solusi penerapan sistem e-government service ini juga diharapkan mampu mendorong optimasi kinerja pegawai, meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan serta meningkatkan kepuasan masyarakat akan akses pelayanan publik di sektor pemerintahan. Kegiatan dan metode pelaksanaan menggunakan metode System Development Life Cycle (SDLC). Metode ini terdiri dari 5 Tahapan yakni Tahapan Perencanaan, Tahapan Analisis, Tahapan Perancangan, Tahapan Implementasi, dan Tahapan Perawatan. Tahapan Perencanaan terdiri dari kegiatan-kegiatan yang menghasilkan penyeleksian prioritas permasalahan mitra (e-government service) serta rencana-rencana yang disusun untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan tersebut. Tahapan Perencanaan telah berjalan seiring dengan pembuatan dokumen. Tahapan Analisis terdiri dari kegiatan-kegiatan yang berfungsi untuk mengumpulkan informasi semaksimal mungkin terkait permasalahan mitra. Kegiatan-kegiatan di Tahapan Analisis dilakukan pada bulan pertama dan kedua. Tahapan Perancangan terdiri dari kegiatan-kegiatan untuk membuat rancangan-rancangan yang diimplementasikan di sistem dan dilaksanakan selama 3 bulan. Tahapan Implementasi membutuhkan waktu yang paling lama yakni 5 bulan. Kegiatan-kegiatan di Tahapan Implementasi terdiri dari pembuatan program (e-government service) untuk sistem hingga pelatihan serta pendukungan pengguna dan mitra. Tahapan Perawatan dilakukan pada saat sistem sudah berjalan yang terdiri dari kegiatan pengawasan dan evaluasi yang dibantu oleh mahasiswa sehingga keberlanjutan kegiatan dapat dioptimalkan.
Slashing Postcolonial Studies, or: Why this Debate Still Bothers Me: A Response to Clemens Ruthner's "K.u.K. 'Kolonialismus' als Befund, Befindlichkeit und Metapher"
Authors: Reisenleitner Markus
Published: November 2021

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Late Quaternary deep marine sediment records off southern Africa
Authors: Cawthra H.C. , Bergh E.W. , Wiles E.A. , Compton J.S.
Published: November 2021

High-resolution mapping, sampling and analysis of upper Quaternary southern African continental margin sediments recovered from beyond the Last Glacial Maximum shoreline (>130 m water depth) have expanded our understanding of how marine and terrestrial records are linked over glacial-interglacial climatic cycles. This paper synthesises data currently available from the deep seafloor around southern Africa and, specifically, core sites that demonstrate terrestrial sedimentological connectivity. Several proxies and case studies reveal the evolution of depositional systems, palaeoceanography and palaeoclimate over the last 191 kyr. Hydroacoustic mapping and investigations of submarine canyons have been carried out primarily on the eastern and southwestern margins, while palaeoceanographic productivity and microfossil assemblages have been applied most extensively on the western marine and southern Agulhas Bank. Studies on the western margin indicate that enhanced productivity, less oxygenated bottom waters and reduced marine faunal diversity in the transition to glacial periods, while glacial terminations are associated with reduced productivity and more oxygenated bottom waters. These changes, linked to palaeoceanography and late Quaternary sea-level fluctuations, influence the sedimentary record and sedimentation rates. On the eastern margin, sediment fluxes applied as proxies for rainfall offshore of the Great Kei, Umzimvubu, Limpopo and Zambezi rivers indicate that the southern African climate responds to changes in orbitally-modulated insolation and in particular, to the ~23 kyr precessional cycle, where the proxy records keep pace with this and then diverge at ~80 to 70 kyr. Since the penultimate glacial (Marine Isotope Stage/MIS 6), more humid conditions observed in southern Africa, as the Northern Hemisphere entered phases of rapid cooling, were potentially driven by a combination of warming in the Agulhas Current and shifts of the subtropical anticyclones. Broadly, the sedimentary records reviewed suggest fluctuations in climate and oceanographic circulation that are strongly correlated with the global benthic δ18O record, suggesting sensitivity to high-latitude forcing, and a strong influence of late Quaternary glacial-interglacial cycles despite these marine sites being far-removed from terrestrial environments.
ОЦІНКА ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ УПРАВЛІННЯ ДЕФІЦИТОМ ДЕРЖАВНОГО БЮДЖЕТУ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Hrubliak Oksana , Kholiavko Nataliia , Zhavoronok Artur
Published: November 2021

У статті здійснено дослідження теоретичних аспектів бюджетного дефіциту. Основну увагу акцептовано на з’ясуванні необхідності управління дефіцитом державного бюджету. Охарактеризовано сутність бюджетного дефіциту та визначено особливості дослідження цього явища в економічній науці. З’ясовано, що бюджетний дефіцит – це особливе економічне явище, яке характеризується в різних аспектах і не обов’язково є чимось надзвичайним та негативним, оскільки причини виникнення, форми прояву та економіко-політичні наслідки дефіциту в кожній державі мають свої особливості. Саме тому управлінцям сьогодні потрібно більшу увагу звернути на ефективне використання залучених ресурсів, ніж на абсолютне збалансування державного бюджету. Обґрунтовано, що управління дефіцитом державного бюджету нерозривно пов’язано з такими категоріями, як доходи і видатки державно-го бюджету, державний борг, валовий внутрішній продукт. Актуальність обраної теми підтверджується тим, що розбалансованість бюджету спричинена неефективною видатковою політикою уряду, яка повинна бути нерозривно пов’язана із фінансовими можливостями бюджету. Непослідовність у проведенні соціально-економічних змін, перманентні політичні суперечності й несприятлива економічна кон’юнктура загострили проблеми в системі державних фінансів. Залучення значного обсягу додаткових фінансових ресурсів призвело до накопичення державного боргу, який переважно характеризує стабільність фінансової системи України на внутрішньому ринку і міжнародному рівні. Саме тому дослідження в цьому напрямку стимулюватимуть якісне оновлення підходів до розуміння сутності цього явища й формування новітніх принципів бюджетного менеджменту у сфері управління дефіцитом державного бюджету. Доведено, що проста відмова від дефіцитності бюджету в умовах кризових явищ в державі не призведе до стабілізації системи державних фінансів та економічного зростання.
Five Recommendations to Address the Limitations of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures
Authors: Cook Chad E. , Wright Alexis , Wittstein Jocelyn , Barbero Marco , Tousignant-Laflamme Yannick
Published: November 2021

Synopsis

Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are reported by the patient and designed to capture patients' unique perspectives of their symptoms, quality of life, function, disability, and overall health status. Despite their important role in the health care landscape, it is important to recognize that PROMs have numerous shortcomings. These include weaknesses in the development of tools and interpretation of scale values, which can lead to variable patient reporting and dissimilarities in study results, potentially influencing the effectiveness of findings. This Viewpoint makes recommendations for how to interpret and best use PROMs, in spite of their shortcomings. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2021;51(12):562–565. Epub 16 Nov 2021. doi:10.2519/jospt.2021.10836
Princípio da utilidade e liberdade de expressão e de informação, em Sobre a Liberdade, de J. S. Mill [The principle concerning the expression and information utility and Freedom, by J. S. Mill]
Authors: Bavaresco Agemir , Dos Santos João Vitor Freitas , Konzen Paulo Roberto
Published: November 2021

O conflito entre liberdade de expressão e de informação ocorreu, historicamente, em dois níveis: primeiro, a liberdade de expressar a opinião sobre o que é do interesse privado e público; segundo, a liberdade de informação, isto é, a liberdade de ser informado sobre o que ocorre na esfera dos poderes estatais. Para debater este problema, apresenta-se a análise do princípio da utilidade de John Stuart Mill, baseado no seu livro Sobre a liberdade (On Liberty), publicado em 1859. A liberdade de ter acesso à informação e a de poder expressar a opinião, segundo Mill, constituem-se direitos que têm sua fundamentação no princípio da utilidade. O objetivo é ver como Mill aplica esse princípio à comunicação, liberdade de imprensa, liberdade de informação, mídias, opinião pública e democracia. Enfi m, a liberdade de expressão e a de informação deve servir para o bem-estar comum (princípio da utilidade), e quando esta liberdade de um não fere a de outros, deve ser assegurada por lei.
O Pluralismo interacionista da TTM de Karl Popper como uma teoria da mente alternativa [Karl Popper’s TTM interactional pluralism, as a theory concerning the alternative mind]
Authors: Sieczkowski João Batista Cichero
Published: November 2021

O problema mais importante deste artigo é: por que o pluralismo interacionista de Popper é uma alternativa para explicar a relação mente-corpo? Defende-se aqui a hipótese de que o pluralismo interacionista se justifica como alternativa em relação às teorias da mente contemporâneas porque propõem uma tentativa de explicação da realidade que envolva a natureza e a existência dos objetos matemáticos e lógicos. Nesse sentido, a estrutura do nosso artigo é a seguinte: 1. Por que as teorias monistas materialistas são insuficientes para explicar relação mente-corpo? 2. Por que as teorias dualistas interacionistas falham em explicar a relação mente-corpo? 3. Por que o pluralismo interacionista de Popper pode ser considerado uma alternativa para o problema mente-corpo?
Sellars: en torno al estatus epistemológico del conocimiento no inferencial
Authors: Yuan Maria Sol
Published: November 2021

El presente artículo se centra en la caracterización del conocimiento no inferencial, realizada por Willfrid Sellars en su artículo Empiricism and Philosophy of Mind (1956). El motivo para realizar esta lectura surge, por un lado, de las dificultades para comprender la idea de un conocimiento no inferencial compatible con el requerimiento de un holismo conceptual y la negación de su carácter de inmediato y, por el otro, de la comparación de esta clase de conocimiento con el conocimiento inmediato defendido por Alston en What’s Wrong with Immediate Knowledge? (1983). Nuestro objetivo será, según esperamos aclarar, que la postura de Sellars establece la viabilidad de una concepción de conocimiento no inferencial no comprometida con la idea de lo dado, ello a partir de la negación del carácter inmediato de tal conocimiento y bajo el compromiso de una concepción normativa del mismo y del requisito de un sujeto epistemológico reflexivo.
“REFERÊNCIA E DESCRIÇÕES DEFINIDAS” DE KEITH DONNELLAN: INTRODUÇÃO AO TEXTO E TRADUÇÃO
Authors: Neto Fernando Raul , Santos Jeferson
Published: November 2021

O objetivo deste artigo, como expresso em seu título, é a tradução de “Reference and Definite Descriptions” (1966) de Keith Donnellan (1931-2015). A tradução é precedida por uma introdução ao texto. Nela os autores trazem uma contextualização do artigo e um resumo de cada uma das suas nove partes. O artigo de Donnellan, “On Denoting” (1905) de Bertrand Russell e “On Referring” (1950) de P. F. Strawson serão alvos das críticas de Saul Kripke em seu livro “Naming and Necessity” (1972). Há traduções disponíveis em língua portuguesa dos artigos de Russell, Strawson e do livro de Kripke. Não havia ainda do artigo de Donnellan. A tradução aqui apresentada pretende preencher essa lacuna, ainda mais quando se sabe que o “Reference and Definite Descriptions” é texto obrigatório das disciplinas de filosofia da linguagem das universidades brasileiras.
An isolated cavernous malformation of the sixth cranial nerve: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Samadian Mohammad , Maroufi Seyed Farzad , Bakhtevari Mehrdad Hosseinzadeh , Borghei-Razavi Hamid
Published: November 2021

Background:

Isolated cavernous malformation (CM) of the abducens nerve has not been reported in the literature. Herein, the authors address the clinical importance of these lesions and review the reported cases of CM from 2014 to 2020.

Case Description:

A 21-year-old man presented with binocular diplopia and headache from 2 months before his admission. The neurological examination revealed right-sided abducens nerve palsy. The brain MRI revealed an extra-axial pontomedullary lesion suggestive of a CM. The lesion was surgically removed. During the operation, the abducens nerve was resected considering the lesion could not be separated from the nerve and an anastomosis was performed using an interposition nerve graft and fibrin glue. Pathological examination of the resected lesion revealed that it was originated from within the nerve. The patient’s condition improved in postoperative follow-ups.

Conclusion:

Surgical resection of the cranial nerves CMs is appropriate when progressive neurological deficits are present. If the lesion is originated from within the nerve, we suggest resection of the involved nerve and performing anastomosis. Novel MRI sequences might help surgeons to be prepared for such cases and fibrin glue can serve as an appropriate tool to perform anastomosis when end-to-end sutures are impossible to perform.
SMART Syndrome (Stroke-like migraine attacks after radiation therapy): When to suspect it?
Authors: Angelidis Petros , Saleh Christian , Jaszczuk Phillip , Seyam Muhannad , Ebner Katarina Alexandra , Hund-Georgiadis Margret
Published: November 2021

Background:

Stroke-like migraine attacks after radiation therapy (SMART) syndrome is a benign complication of brain radiation therapy, which presents circa a decade after radiation treatment. Symptoms are stroke-like deficits, epileptic seizures, and migraine. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging is characteristic for alterations in the form of unilateral cortical hyperintensities and gyriform enhancement, most prominent in the parieto-occipital regions. Prompt diagnosis is essential to avoid unnecessary investigations (e.g., brain biopsy and angiography).

Case Description:

We describe a 51-year-old female patient treated initially with cranial irradiation for a left-sided occipital metastatic lung adenocarcinoma. Five years later, she presented with migraine headache, aphasia, and a right sided hemiparesis.

Conclusion:

The triad of migraine, seizure, and hemiparesis within the context of a prior brain radiotherapy should promptly raise the suspicion of SMART syndrome. Prompt diagnosis is essential to avoid unnecessary invasive investigations.
Directed Palladium Catalyzed Acetoxylation of Indolines. Total Synthesis of N-Benzoylcylindrocarine
Authors: Flynn Kristen , White Kolby , Movassaghi Mohammad
Published: November 2021

We describe a palladium catalyzed C7-acetoxylation of indolines with a range of amide directing groups. While a variety of substituents are tolerated on the indoline-core and the N1-acyl group, the acetoxylation is most sensitive to the C2- and C6-indoline substituents. The practicality of this indoline C7-acetoxylation is demonstrated using a cinnamamide substrate on mmol-scale. Several N1-acyl groups, including those present in natural alkaloids, guide C7-acetoxylation of indoline substrates over a competitive C5-oxidation. The application of this chemistry allowed for the first synthesis of N-benzoylcylindrocarine by late-stage C17-acetoxylation of N-benzoylfendleridine.
La usabilidad percibida de los chatbots sobre la atención al cliente en las organizaciones: una revisión de la literatura
Authors: Casazola Cruz Oswaldo Daniel , Alfaro Mariño Gianfranco , Burgos Tejada Jaime , Ramos More Omar Augusto
Published: November 2021

Un chatbot es una aplicación de software basada en inteligencia artificial que permite simular una conversación con una persona. Sin embargo, a pesar de sus múltiples beneficios, una cantidad sustancial de chatbots luchan por satisfacer a los usuarios. El objetivo de este artículo fue el de describir la usabilidad percibida de los chatbots sobre la atención al cliente en distintas organizaciones. Por ello, se ha realizado una revisión sistemática de la literatura, con base en datos de. Google Académico y EBSCO, en el período comprendido entre el 2015 y el 2020, para analizar las evidencias recogidas en diferentes investigaciones sobre: (a) la naturaleza de los chatbots, (b) su implementación, (c) la usabilidad percibida y (d) el auge de esta tecnología.
How should we present the epidemic curve for COVID-19?
Authors: Soucy Jean-Paul R. , Buchan Sarah A. , Brown Kevin A.
Published: November 2021

Epidemic curves are used by decision makers and the public to infer the trajectory of the COVID-19 pandemic and to understand the appropriateness of response measures. Symptom onset date is commonly used to date incident cases on the epidemic curve in public health reports and dashboards; however, third-party trackers date cases by the date they were publicly reported by the public health authority. These two curves create very different impressions of epidemic progression. On April 1, 2020, the epidemic curve based on public reporting date for Ontario, Canada showed an accelerating epidemic, whereas the curve based on a proxy variable for symptom onset date showed a rapidly declining epidemic. This illusory downward trend is a feature of epidemic curves anchored using date variables earlier in time than the date a case was publicly reported, such as the symptom onset date. Delays between the onset of symptoms and the detection of a case by the public health authority mean that recent days will always have incomplete case data, creating a downward bias. Public reporting date is not subject to this bias and can be used to visualize real-time epidemic curves meant to inform the public and decision makers.
Emancipating Space from the Conditions of Violence: The Broken Middle and Inaugurated Mourning in Israel and Palestine
Authors:   , Ombler Jennifer
Published: November 2021

Spatiality in Israel and Palestine is mired in ongoing trauma and hardened differentiation. This thesis argues that spatiality must be reconfigured in order to break from a stagnated pattern of ongoing conflict. First, border lines become increasingly rigid, and come to enact a bordering practice that radically differentiates. Second, the site of the border itself offers opportunity for political possibility. Third, the spaces of violence must be subject to a process of mourning that enables emancipation from the conditions that would support ongoing violence. I draw upon the thought of Gillian Rose to re-articulate a notion of the border as a broken middle, and to set forth an approach to the spaces of violence that incorporates them into a process of inaugurated mourning. Re-articulating the border as a broken middle enriches the field of critical border studies which seeks to expand on the notion of the border as a site of potential connectivity and political or social possibility. A Rosean approach challenges the dualisms that a hardened border represents, persistently subjecting these dualisms to interrogation that undermines their rigidity. Re-configuring the spaces of violence through a process of inaugurated mourning gives expression to grief, and disentangles the organisation of space from ongoing violence, without forgetting past suffering. An inaugurated approach seeks a fuller and self-reflective understanding of the conditions of suffering; it works against retreating into a melancholic condition that would reproduce the conditions of violence. These arguments are developed through an exposition of projects by artist Francis Alÿs, and architect/artist collective Decolonising Architecture Art Residency. Through their propositional nature, these projects illuminate the possibilities of a critical approach to the production and re-configuring of political and social space.
Juju and Statecraft: Occult Rumors and Politics in Ghana
Authors:   , Max-Wirth Comfort
Published: November 2021

Religion plays an integral role in all aspects of Ghanaian life, including politics. In recent years, many scholars have commented upon the spectacular rise of Pentecostal Christianity in Ghana since the 1970s, noting its particular influence in politics and in shaping the Ghanaian public sphere more generally. Curiously, though less often noted, rumors about “the occult” and occult influence have also flourished during this same period. Despite Pentecostal hostility to the occult and Pentecostal influence in public life, such rumors have become prevalent to the point that they represent a distinctive feature of Ghanaian politics. This thesis addresses the phenomenon of rumors about the occult in contemporary Ghanaian politics. It argues that the flourishing of political-occult rumors and the strength of Pentecostalism are related. Focusing on the period between the late 1970s and present, and drawing on data from fieldwork interviews and newspaper reports, the thesis examines the force of occult rumors in modern Ghanaian politics. It demonstrates some of the ways in which Ghanaian political elites deploy occult rumors for political advantage and some popular attitudes of the Ghanaian electorate to the rumors. The project proposes that the occult, far from being a phenomenon existing on the margins of modern Ghanaian society, is powerful, public and mainstream.
Habitat Use Throughout a Chondrichthyan's Life
Authors:   , Marquez Melissa
Published: November 2021

Over the last few decades, much effort has been devoted towards evaluating and reducing bycatch in marine fisheries. There has been a particular focus on quantifying the risk to chondrichthyans, primarily because of their relatively high vulnerability to overfishing. A key part of risk assessment is evaluating the distributional overlap of the fish with the fisheries, where fish distribution is influenced by habitat use. I synthesised published observations of habitat use for different life history stages of chondrichthyans and hypothesised the associated catch composition in terms of fish sex, size, and maturity. I then searched for these catch compositions, and thereby locations, using New Zealand research vessel catch data. Results show that some life history stages and habitats for certain species can be identified, whereas others could not. Pupping ground criteria were met for Callorhynchus milii (ELE), Hydrolagus novaezealandiae (GSH), and Hydrolagus bemisi (GSP); nursery ground criteria were met for Callorhynchus milii (ELE), mating ground criteria were met for Callorhynchus milii (ELE), Hydrolagus novaezealandiae (GSH), Hydrolagus bemisi (GSP), and Harriotta raleighana (LCH); lek-like mating criteria were met for Hydrolagus novaezealandiae (GSH). For those life-history stage habitats not found, this may be because these are outside of the coverage of the data set (and likely also commercial fisheries), or because they do not actually exist for some chondrichthyans. On the basis of results, I propose to change the order of species in the New Zealand qualitative (Level 1) risk assessment, and rise the relative risk for Hydrolagus bemisi (GSP), given the species vulnerability of pupping grounds.
Validating Listening Strategies Using Ordinal Response Models
Authors:   , Kwon Young-Min
Published: November 2021

This thesis illustrates statistical methodology for identifying the effects of explanatory variables, for the response variables with an ordinal nature. The dataset applied to this methodology is a Listening Strategy dataset collected by The Language Learner Strategy Team at the National Institute of Education from Singapore. In this dataset, eight strategies were formed from 38 questions based on Linguistic theory. The core objective of this thesis is to validate whether 38 questions were aggregated appropriately. We use the proportional odds model, which is the most popular for ordinal responses, and the generalised estimating equations (GEE) method to analyse repeated measurements. Although there are several ways to analyse repeated categorical responses, this thesis only demonstrates the marginal approach using the GEE method. By fitting proportional odds models, we evaluate whether student’s English Language test result associated with the questions are at the same level within each strategy. Results show that the English Language test result effects for the questions associated with Self-initiation, Planning, Monitoring and Evaluating, Prediction and Utilisation strategies are similar. On the other hand, the effects for the questions associated with Perceptual processing, Inferencing and Socio-affective strategies are significantly different. We also use a simulation study to show that when the ordinal response is treated as continuous, ordinary least square regression might have misleading results.
Half a Good House: Flexible Housing For Wellington Home Buyers
Authors:   , Dubbeld Joshua
Published: November 2021

Increasing population and changing family demographics are driving the need for new and more sustainable housing solutions. Medium-density housing is recognised as a sustainable approach to accommodate future growth within urban centres, challenging suburban sprawl and creating efficient, affordable dwelling. This thesis explores a process to generate a more progressive approach to medium density housing, favouring individual personalisation over inflexible environments that package the occupier.  Through the review of precedents, successful principles were used in a series of design studies that examined the potential for gridded spaces to satisfy flexibility and variation, opportunities for community interaction and integration beyond the site. The design resolution was reached through applying those principles on a residential site in Wellington New Zealand. The final design proposes a new approach to housing through the ‘half a good house’ mantra where the bounds of the home are defined volumetrically (the first half), but the internal spaces and walls are free for the occupier to continually adapt depending on their unique and changing needs.  The general principles of the design can be applied to other Wellington sites and contexts. They can also be applied in other cities with similar urban housing problems in New Zealand and Australia. If successful, the principles could be developed into a viable solution to the varying and changing needs in future housing.
Seismic Attributes to Constrain the Distribution of Rakopi Formation Coals in the Southwest Offshore Taranaki Basin, New Zealand
Authors:   , Greenfield Harry
Published: November 2021

The Rakopi Formation, in the Taranaki Basin of New Zealand, is a Late Cretaceous (Haumurian) sequence of coal measures interbedded with siltstone and sparse sandstone. It is the lowest widespread stratigraphic unit in the Taranaki Basin, and has a syn-rift deposition which is concentrated in isolated grabens and sub-basins. It was deposited during the extensional tectonic regime linked to the breakup of Gondwana.  The Rakopi is one of the major hydrocarbon source rocks in the Taranaki Basin; New Zealand’s only currently-producing basin. However, there are very few well penetrations of the Cretaceous interval within the basin, and this fact – coupled with the non-continuous deposition – means that the Rakopi’s distribution is poorly constrained further away from wells.  In petroleum systems models, the entire Rakopi Formation interval is commonly represented entirely as source rock facies. By observing the limited well penetrations available, it is known that this is not the case. As such, it is likely that the total hydrocarbons generated within the basin are overestimated when modelled. Improved constraint of the distribution of the coal within the Rakopi Formation will improve the accuracy of these models.  This study presents the results of the extraction and analysis of a suite of seismic attributes from 3D seismic reflection surveys in the southwest offshore Taranaki Basin, for the purpose of constraining the distribution of coal within the Rakopi Formation. The attribute outputs were temporally averaged, with the resulting frequency distributions analysed for significant patterns or variations between the coaly- versus non-coaly vertical intervals of the formation.  Within the Maari 3D seismic reflection volume, six attributes were identified which correlated with the presence of coals observed in the Maui-4 well. These attributes were temporally averaged within the Rakopi Formation interval in both the Maari 3D and Pipeline 3D volumes, with the areas of high average values identified as being more likely to contain coal.  Using this attribute analysis method, the distribution of coal within the Rakopi Formation has been better constrained. Attribute analysis is easily transferable, and has the potential to be utilised elsewhere for the identification of hydrocarbon source rocks.
Autobiographical Memory Specificity in a Community Youth Sample: Relations of Specific and Overgeneral Memories with Rumination, Executive Control, and Depression
Authors:   , Allan Nic
Published: November 2021

Depression is associated with a tendency to recall a greater number of overgeneral memories (OGM) and fewer specific memories. The CaRFAX model (Williams, 2006) poses three mechanisms maintain OGM, but little work has investigated how these mechanisms uniquely relate to OGM beyond the variance they share with each other. There is also a substantial lack of research as to how the mechanisms of the CaRFAX model relate to OGM in typically developing youth, as much research has focused on adult and clinical samples. This study addressed these gaps in the literature by assessing a cross-sectional community youth sample (N = 658) to investigate two mechanisms of the CaRFAX model: executive control and rumination. A written version of the Autobiographical Memory Test (AMT) was used to measure both the number of OGMs and specific memories recalled. Depression was measured with the Child Depression Inventory-2, rumination was measured with a self-report Repetitive Thinking Questionnaire, and executive control was measured with a verbal fluency task and a self-report measure of effortful control; the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire- Revised. Depression had a positive linear relationship with OGM and a negative linear relationship with specific memories. Both relationships were weak and became non-significant after accounting for age. A non-linear cubic positive relationship was found for OGM to negative cues predicting variance in depression. Over and above the shared variance between CaRFAX mechanisms, verbal fluency and effortful control evidenced no relationship with OGM but positively correlated with memory specificity. Conversely, rumination only related to a higher number of OGMs to negative cues. No interactions were found between rumination and executive control. Findings were interpreted with caution due to the small strength of relationships found. It is suggested that the relationships between depression, OGM/memory specificity, and CaRFAX mechanisms may only be clinically meaningful at high levels of psychopathology.
Heke Mai Ki Ahau Nei E! Roka Paora's Contributions To Tukunga Iho A Te Whānau-a-Apanui And Te Reo O Te Whānau-a-Apanui
Authors:   , Richards Parehau
Published: November 2021

Throughout the twentieth century Te Whānau-a-Apanui scholars continued to assert distinctive features of Te Whānau-a-Apanui identity through both literary and non-literary texts. Roka Pahewa Paora contributed to this important work by producing Māori texts for Māori language students and the community. Those texts became well-known in the field of Māori education for asserting distinctive features of te reo o Te Whānau-a-Apanui. This thesis explores a selection of tukunga iho a Te Whānau-a-Apanui, kōrero tuku iho and taonga tuku iho, to illustrate how Roka and other Te Whānau-a-Apanui scholars before and after her have embraced and passed down tukunga iho a Te Whānau-a-Apanui by renewing or extending core elements, otherwise referred to in this thesis as the iho, of earlier tukunga iho a Te Whānau-a-Apanui.   Specifically, this thesis examines Roka’s published writings ‘Ka Haere a Hata Mā Ki te Hī Moki’ (Paora, 1971) and ‘He Kōrero Mō te Mahi Wēra i Te Whānau-a-Apanui’ (Paora in Moorfield, 1992) as extensions of earlier tukunga iho a Te Whānau-a-Apanui about moki and whales. My analysis focuses on how Roka applied the knowledge, language and history of earlier tukunga iho a Te Whānau-a-Apanui to her writings to assert te reo o Te Whānau-a-Apanui. Therefore, this thesis uses a tukunga iho framework to illustrate familial and intellectual connections between and across a selection of tukunga iho a Te Whānau-a-Apanui and the tribal scholars that produced them. Roka’s writings and archive are repositories of important tukunga iho and provide connections to tribal, Māori and non-Māori scholars who offer insights and interpretations of mātauranga Māori that have been applied to Māori studies paradigms and kaupapa Māori. This wider range of knowledge, language and historical sources also help me to show how tukunga iho a Te Whānau-a-Apanui contain important insights into the social, cultural and economic contexts in which my ancestors embraced, extended and passed down tukunga iho a Te Whānau-a-Apanui. Overall, this thesis offers twenty-first century interpretations of tukunga iho a Te Whānau-a-Apanui and how they assert te reo o Te Whānau-a-Apanui.
Accessibility and development in rural Sarawak. A case study of the Baleh river basin, Kapit District, Sarawak, Malaysia
Authors:   , Abdullah Regina Garai
Published: November 2021

To what degree does accessibility to markets correlate with levels of development? This is an important question for those living in remote, underdeveloped parts of Southeast Asia during the final phases of de-agrarianisation.  My study recounts the experience of rural-based Iban households living in the Baleh river basin of the Kapit District (population of 54,200) within a day or less travel by river to the small market town of Kapit (with a population of 18,000). With no connecting roads to the rest of Sarawak and reliant almost entirely on river transport, the local economy remains underdeveloped and is losing population.  My field work among 20 villages in three accessibility zones of the Baleh river basin was undertaken over the three month period of May-July 2014. Structured interviews were conducted with 20 village headmen (tuai rumah), 82 heads of household, and 82 individuals within the households. Data was also systematically collected on 153 other individuals, including both residents and non-resident members of these bilik-families.  My conceptual framework draws on von Thünen’s model of agricultural land use in order to generate expectations about the possible effects of market accessibility. While the sale of vegetables and other commodities accords with expected patterns, most rural households are in fact dependent on other, largely non-agricultural sources of income. As a result there has emerged a disjuncture between the nominal and actual residence as those working age family members with residential rights to the bilik undertake paid work well beyond the agricultural margin.  Unable to achieve desired standards of living by accessing local markets and services in a division with no cities or roads, the working age members of the bilik sustain their families by dividing their residence between two or more locations in what I call multi-local living. The income of nominally rural households is being increasingly determined by the human capital that individuals now apply to non-agricultural labour markets. This, in turn, is leading to a widening distribution of levels of ‘development’, across individuals, their multi-generational families and their rural communities. Multi-local living is unsustainable beyond the transitional phase of de-agrarianisation and as labour shifts out of agriculture and people move to towns, connections with rural residence are likely to diminish, notwithstanding the cultural ties, and disputes over realising market values of largely untitled land will continue to complicate the transition.
Reconstructing urban CO₂ emissions utilising the radiocarbon composition of tree rings from the Wellington Region, New Zealand
Authors:   , Ansell India
Published: November 2021

This study demonstrates the utility of tree ring radiocarbon analysis to quantify a temporal record of recently-added fossil fuel-derived carbon dioxide (CO₂ff) in the urban atmosphere, to retrospectively measure emissions and potentially validate local emissions inventories. Currently, there is no internationally recognised method to test emissions inventories against direct atmospheric estimations of CO₂ff. With the increasing interest in emissions control legislation, independent and objective research to validate emissions reported by governments and industries is needed.  As CO₂ff emissions are completely depleted in radiocarbon (¹⁴C), an observed decrease in the ¹⁴C content of the atmosphere is mostly due to additions of CO₂ff. As trees incorporate CO₂ from the local atmosphere into annual growth rings, it was hypothesised that an urban located tree would reflect emission rates of its local surroundings. Measurements of the ¹⁴C content of cellulose were made from the annual tree rings of a Kauri tree (Agathis australis), located in the downtown area of the Wellington suburb of Lower Hutt (KNG52). This record was compared with tree rings from two Kauri at a nearby coastal site (NIK19 and NIK23) and the long-term clean air ¹⁴CO₂ record from Baring Head. The clean air Kauri trees, NIK19 and NIK23, demonstrated excellent agreement with the Baring Head atmospheric record, indicating that the trees were accurately sampling the atmosphere. The KNG52 tree, demonstrated good agreement with the clean air record in the early part of the record (with some variability), however, exhibited significantly lower Δ¹⁴CO₂ values from the 1980s onward. Calculation of the influence of the terrestrial biosphere on the ¹⁴CO₂ record showed very little impact, determining that the variability seen was due to local additions of CO₂ff.  Historic CO₂ff emissions were calculated using the Δ¹⁴CO₂ measurements from the KNG52 ¹⁴CO₂ record for the period 1972 – 2012. Biosphere correction calculations showed that the biosphere was the dominant influence on the record in the early part of the record (1972 – 1980), with fossil fuel emissions dominating the record from 1980s onward. The observations were compared qualitatively with meteorological data and urban development in the area to assess variability in CO₂ff. A minor trend towards lower wind speeds associated with higher levels of CO₂ff was identified, indicating that local meteorology may be responsible for 10% change seen in the record. The influence of local development demonstrated some possible relation but a correlation was not significant. The KNG52 CO₂ff record was compared with national-level reported liquid (road traffic) emissions from the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Centre (CDIAC). The observed KNG52 CO₂ff in the tree ring record appeared to increase in tandem with road traffic emissions.
The Feasibility of Establishing a Morphological Cell Profiling Assay to Assess the Bioactivity of Natural Products
Authors:   , Taylor Lauren
Published: November 2021

Morphological cell profiling (MCP) is an assay which quantifies the morphology of cells and cellular components. Changes in the morphology of cells following compound treatment has been shown to assess the bioactivity, and even propose a target of said compound. It is a powerful assay that can be used to assess novel compounds for drug candidature. However, it is currently not transferable between institutions. Thus, this project evaluated the feasibility of establishing an MCP assay at Victoria University of Wellington - Te Herenga Waka to assess the bioactivity of novel natural products from the natural products laboratory.

First, a new individualistic approach to select compound concentration for MCP was assessed by flow cytometry with six exemplary drugs. Results concluded this flow cytometry approach can realise an ideal concentration for individual compounds in which the compound treatment was bioactive but not cytotoxic. This approach provides more biologically relevant and accurate information about a compound's bioactivity than previous MCP methods.

Second, the feasibility of establishing the assay was assessed by testing the same six drugs through protocol common to MCP assays. Various stains and microscopes were tested for suitability for an MCP; image quantitative software CellProfiler was evaluated for MCP analysis ease; and quality control protocol was attempted. Ultimately, an MCP is currently not feasible at Te Herenga Waka as multiple components to establish the assay are too difficult and time intensive to complete.

Third, discorhabdin E, a pyrroloiminoquinone alkaloid, was isolated from the New Zealand marine sponge, Latrunculia kaakaariki. The compound was tested as if it were a novel natural product compound through the new flow cytometry concentration selection protocol to test its effectivity, and was subsequently assessed by morphological analysis.
Reducing the Negative Impact of Pop-up Advertisements on Users and Improving Potential Purchase Intention
Authors: Yi Lana
Published: November 2021

With the development of the internet, online pop-up advertisements (hereinafter, referred to as pop-up ads) have emerged. However, online users may disdain and reject online advertisements, which affects online purchase intention. This study is on reducing the negative impact of pop-up ads on users and improving the commercial effect. Self-administered questionnaires were used to survey online users and website designers. The data collected were analyzed using SPSS and the open answers were sorted out by thematic analysis. The results revealed that attractive storylines, background music, and exquisite visual presentations are effective in reducing users’ rejection to pop-up ads as well as advertisement customization. It is better for pop-up ads to appear in the middle or end of videos. The VIP system is also a choice for users to eliminate them. Designers are supposed to keep a balance between users and advertisers. In addition, internet regulation needs to be strengthened to reduce eroticism and violence in pop-up ads as well as avoid the negative impact of these kind of pop-up ads on minors.
Influence of Internet Finance on the Financing of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in China
Authors: Zeng Lingdong
Published: November 2021

Small and medium-sized enterprises greatly promote the economic progress and growth of national tax revenue as well as realize the escalation of career opportunities. However, as these enterprises are relatively small scale and have low capacity to face and resist risks in addition to China’s flawed financial credit system, there are many difficulties faced by these enterprises in terms of financing to achieve their own development and progress. Recently, owing to the progress of internet information, especially the expansion of its application in the financial field, it has opened up a way for handling the financing difficulties faced by small and medium-sized enterprises. According to the specific financing situation of small and medium-sized enterprises in China, this study analyzes the impact of internet finance on the financing of small and medium-sized enterprises in China and formulates strategies to effectively deal with the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises in China, thus promoting the sustainable progress of small and medium-sized enterprises.
Analyzing IKEA’s International Investment in China Based on the Theory of International Production Compromise
Authors: Song Pingxia , Liu Rui , Li Jun
Published: November 2021

This study analyzes IKEA’s localized operation in China through the eclectic theory of international production. Firstly, the development history of IKEA is discussed along with its development in China. Secondly, IKEA’s direct investment in China is analyzed from the perspective of IKEA’s eclectic theory of direct investment in international production, the corporate ownership, internalization, and location advantages of the company, in addition to the challenges of IKEA’s investment and operation in China, hoping to enlighten the process of formulating overseas expansion strategies for foreign direct investment. This study aims to guide students to strengthen their skills in formulating and implementing strategies in regard to the international investment process of multinational companies. On the one hand, they can analyze the strategies used and challenges faced by IKEA in its international investment in China to stimulate their thinking on the international investment of Chinese enterprises; on the other hand, they can also strengthen their understanding of the international investment theory by analyzing IKEA’s international investment in China. This study hopes to enhance students’ understanding and application skills in regard to companies’ transnational operations.
Administrative Capacity of Local Government in Responding to Natural Disasters in Developing Countries
Authors: Quang Nguyen Van , Long Doan Trieu , Anh Nguyen Dung , Hai Thanh Nguyen
Published: November 2021

The important role of local government in the socio-economic development of localities has been confirmed in many domestic and foreign studies. But the role of government in drought adaptation has often received little attention and analysis in domestic studies. Approaching from the local tectonic government model, the article argues that local government is an important link to promote adaptive capacity at the local level of Vietnam and the Central Highlands provinces provide a case study that is typical for research and development of the capacity to adapt to drought and natural disasters for local authorities in Vietnam. Analysis of adaptive capacity through case studies in local government in the Central Highlands provinces shows that capacity is a major challenge for local governments here. The paper recommends that it is necessary to further expand the initiative and role of local authorities in guiding and promoting adaptation for communities and local people. Doi: 10.28991/HEF-2021-02-02-03 Full Text: PDF