bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Simple Decompression and Anterior Subcutaneous Transposition of the Ulnar Nerve for the Treatment of Cubital Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Altay Taskin , Yamak Kamil , Koyuncu Şemmi , Kayali Cemil , Sözkesen Serkan
Published: January 2019

Background. In this study, we aim to evaluate clinical and functional results in patients with cubital tunnel syndrome who were treated with subcutaneous anterior transposition vs simple decompression of the ulnar nerve.
Material and methods. Fifty-five patients were separated into two groups according to surgical technique. Group 1 comprised 35 patients (23 males, 12 females; mean age, 42.1 years; range, 28–56 years) who underwent anterior subcutaneous transposition of the ulnar nerve, whereas Group 2 included 20 patients (11 males, 9 females; mean age, 47.4 years; range, 25–59 years) who underwent simple decompression of the ulnar nerve.
Results. The mean modified Bishop scores were 7.26 and 7.85 in Group 1 and Group 2, respectively (P< .05). The mean Q-DASH scores were 16.94 in Group 1 and 15.80 in Group 2 (P> .05). Postoperatively, paraesthesia regressed in 17 (85.7%) and 30 (85%) patients in Group 1 and Group 2, respectively (P> .05). Both groups demonstrated improvement in ulnar nerve function in comparison with the preoperative period, and ulnar nerve paralysis was not seen in any of our patients. A postsurgical incision scar developed in six (17.1%) and three patients (15%) in Group 1 and Group 2, respectively.
Conclusion. Both simple decompression and anterior subcutaneous transposition of the ulnar nerve are effective and safe for the treatment of cubital tunnel syndrome, so we would favour simple decompression as it is a less extensive procedure.
Examples of the Relationship Between the Police and the Polish Army Over the Last Century
Authors: Bylina Sławomir
Published: January 2019

The article discusses the issue of mutual relations between representatives of the Police and the Polish Army over the last 100 years. The intention of the issues raised is the need to build positive ties between soldiers and officers, who, as the history cards show, have repeatedly set an example of mutual sacrifice for the good of their Homeland. Although the discussed period of time also contains difficult historical threads, especially in the period between the functioning of the second and third Republic of Poland, thanks to the available sources and literature on the subject we learn about numerous examples of building the common
good of citizens. Thanks to specific legal regulations throughout the century, we see more and more precise fields of cooperation between services, as exemplified by the activities of Police and Military Police officers during national and international events taking place in the country as well as beyond its borders. A special dimension of the presented relations is the more and more expressive contemporary cooperation not only on the military line, but also among the local community, as well as in the mutual sports rivalry of uniformed services.
Enabling Technologies for Petaflops Computing
Authors: Sterling Thomas , Messina Paul , Smith Paul H.
Published: January 2019

Chapters focus on four interrelated areas: applications and algorithms, device technology, architecture and systems, and software technology.

Building a computer ten times more powerful than all the networked computing capability in the United States is the subject of this book by leading figures in the high performance computing community. It summarizes the near-term initiatives, including the technical and policy agendas for what could be a twenty-year effort to build a petaFLOP scale computer. (A FLOP—Floating Point OPeration—is a standard measure of computer performance and a PetaFLOP computer would perform a million billion of these operations per second.) Chapters focus on four interrelated areas: applications and algorithms, device technology, architecture and systems, and software technology. While a petaFLOPS machine is beyond anything within contemporary experience, early research into petaFLOPS system design and methodologies is essential to U.S. leadership in all facets of computing into the next century. The findings reported here explore new and fertile ground. Among them: construction of an effective petaFLOPS computing system will be feasible in two decades, although effectiveness and applicability will depend on dramatic cost reductions as well as innovative approaches to system software and programming methodologies; a mix of technologies such as semiconductors, optics, and possibly cryogenics will be required; and while no fundamental paradigm shift in system architecture is expected, active latency management will be essential, requiring a high degree of fine-grain parallelism and the mechanisms to exploit it. Scientific and Engineering Computation series.
Georeferencing
Authors: Hill Linda L.
Published: January 2019

An introduction to the principles of unified georeferencing, which uses placename and geospatial referencing interchangeably across all types of information storage and retrieval systems.

Georeferencing—relating information to geographic location—has been incorporated into today's information systems in various ways. We use online services to map our route from one place to another; science, business, and government increasingly use geographic information systems (GIS) to hold and analyze data. Most georeferenced information searches using today's information systems are done by text query. But text searches for placenames fall short—when, for example, a place is known by several names (or by none). In addition, text searches don't cover all sources of geographic data; maps are traditionally accessed only through special indexes, filing systems, and agency contacts; data from remote sensing images or aerial photography is indexed by geospatial location (mathematical coordinates such as longitude and latitude). In this book, Linda Hill describes the advantages of integrating placename-based and geospatial referencing, introducing an approach to "unified georeferencing" that uses placename and geospatial referencing interchangeably across all types of information storage and retrieval systems.

After a brief overview of relevant material from cognitive psychology on how humans perceive and respond to geographic space, Hill introduces the reader to basic information about geospatial information objects, concepts of geospatial referencing, the role of gazetteer data, the ways in which geospatial referencing has been included in metadata structures, and methods for the implementation of geographic information retrieval (GIR). Georeferencing will be a valuable reference for librarians, archivists, scientific data managers, information managers, designers of online services, and any information professional who deals with place-based information.
Nonpharmacologic Management of Symptoms in Females With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Narrative Review
Authors: Speelman Diana L.
Published: January 2019

Polycystic ovary syndrome is the most common hormone disorder in females of reproductive age, affecting reproductive, metabolic, and cardiovascular health. With an unknown cause and a spectrum of common signs and symptoms, diagnosis is based on consensus criteria, and treatment options often target individual symptoms, with variable effectiveness. Safe, effective complementary and alternative therapies can be used to manage symptoms. The first-line intervention is lifestyle modification, including weight loss when appropriate, with caloric restriction and exercise to maintain a healthy weight. Low-carbohydrate and/or low-glycemic index diets can provide additional benefits, and nutritional supplements may be useful adjuncts. The recommended physical activity regimen should include both aerobic and resistance exercise.
Dry Needling–Induced Pneumothorax
Authors: Patel Niyati , Patel Manali , Poustinchian Brian
Published: January 2019

Dry needling is a widely used alternative therapy for musculoskeletal disorders, such as myofascial pain. The procedure involves placing a solid monofilament needle into myofascial trigger points or connective tissue to relieve pain. Some of the complications secondary to this procedure include cardiac tamponade, hematoma, infection, nerve injury, and pneumothorax. Although the incidence is low, the complications can be potentially life threatening. We present the case of a 44-year-old man who had dry needling of the infraspinatus, supraspinatus, rhomboid, and paraspinal muscles with subsequent development of a left apical pneumothorax. Given that the pneumothorax was small, the patient had good recovery with supplemental oxygen. Although the incidence of pneumothorax is very low, it is an important diagnosis to consider for a patient presenting with dry cough, malaise, chest pain, or shortness of breath after a dry needling procedure. Patients should be made aware of these potential complications as part of an informed consent.
ELECTROCHEMICAL PREPARATION OF BISMUTH NANOWIRES USING ION-ETCHED POROUS POLYCARBONATE MEMBRANE
Authors: KRSTIĆ NENAD , ERGLER CARSTEN , BELLE STEFAN , THIELEMANN CHRISTIANE
Published: January 2019

Bismuth as “environmentally friendly” metal represents a promising electrode material for different electrochemical techniques. In this study, we prepared bismuth nanowires by chronoamperometry using ion-etched porous polycarbonate membrane. According to SEM- EDX analysis, obtained bismuth nanowires show uniform growth with a high aspect ratio. Due to its large surface, these nanowires have the potential to greatly improve sensor properties for the detection of a variety of inorganic and organic compounds (pollutants, drugs, etc.). Key words: electrodeposition, bismuth, nanowires, SEM-EDX.
APRESENTAÇÃO (INTRODUCTION)
Authors: Siqueira Sávio , Scheyerl Denise , Zacchi Vanderlei J.
Published: January 2019

Este número especial, o 50, da Revista ESTUDOS LINGUÍSTICOS E LITERÁRIOS, do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Língua e Cultura da UFBA, é dedicado a trabalhos de pesquisa de membros do GT Transculturalidade, Linguagem e Educação da Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Letras e Linguística (ANPOLL). Criado em 2001, o referido GT reúne pesquisadores de todo o país interessados em socializar e divulgar trabalhos de caráter transdisciplinar que abordem a educação e a linguagem com base nos pressupostos da diversidade. O GT congrega, desta forma, pesquisas apoiadas em diferentes aportes teóricos de áreas bastante diversificadas, que vão do ensino e aprendizagem de línguas, à educação de alunos surdos, passando pela literatura de origem indígena, só para citar alguns. Boa parte dos textos aqui publicados é fruto de trabalhos apresentados em conferências e simpósios no Brasil e no exterior, incluindo os encontros anuais da própria ANPOLL. O objetivo deste volume especial, portanto, é não apenas fortalecer as discussões em torno dos temas vinculados ao GT, com a consequente divulgação do trabalho dos pesquisadores, mas também contribuir para a promoção da diversidade em consonância com aspectos linguísticos, culturais e educacionais.
INGLÊS COMO LÍNGUA FRANCA E A ESQUIZOFRENIA DO PROFESSOR (ENGLISH AS A LINGUA FRANCA AND TEACHER SCHIZOPHRENY)
Authors: Siqueira Sávio , Souza Juliana Da Silva
Published: January 2019

À medida que a conscientização sobre o status do inglês como língua global se consolida entre professores e aprendizes, novos desafios começam a surgir na área de Ensino de Língua Inglesa (ELI). As variedades do chamado inglês padrão começam a ter sua supremacia questionada, e uma real aceitação do Inglês como Língua Franca (ILF) deve requerer uma enorme mudança psicológica (JENKINS, 2007), provocando uma possível dissolução do estado de esquizofrenia do professor em relação a que inglês seria o mais legítimo para se ensinar. Uma vez que a pesquisa sobre ILF progride de forma sólida, demonstrando que as implicações pedagógicas de seus achados precisam ser melhor exploradas, até mesmo aqueles professores sensíveis ao ILF se veem divididos entre as reais necessidades de comunicação de seus alunos e o atrelamento ao modelo do Inglês como Língua Nativa (ILN) como exemplo de um inglês ‘melhor’ (SEIDLHOFER, 2011). É nesse cenário que um breve estudo foi conduzido com professores em pré-serviço, no nível universitário, em Salvador, Bahia. O objetivo da investigação foi saber de que forma o conhecimento sobre o paradigma do ILF afeta a visão dos professores no tocante à própria língua e também suas práticas de sala de aula. Os insights fornecidos pelos respondentes revelaram o grande potencial que o ILF apresenta para redimensionar crenças e atitudes no tocante ao Ensino de Língua Inglesa (ELI) em tal contexto, e o quão seguros esses professores em formação se sentem em termos de compreensão do fato de que, uma vez que seu estudantes são estimulados a se tornarem verdadeiros falantes “linguajeiros” (languagers) no uso do ILF, eles (os professores) serão capazes de minimizar ou até eliminar os efeitos do dilema que tem alcançado o nível de uma quase esquizofrenia. 
PERSPECTIVA DE EDUCAÇÃO INTERCULTURAL BILÍNGUE PARA SURDOS (PERSPECTIVE OF INTERCULTURAL BILINGUAL EDUCATION FOR THE DEAF)
Authors: Silva Ivani Rodrigues
Published: January 2019

A educação de surdos passa, nesse momento, por alguns deslocamentos importantes. Porém, há alguns pontos ainda sensíveis para o fomento efetivo de um ensino bilíngue para surdos, a saber, a (des)valorização de LIBRAS como língua natural, a necessidade de formação adequada do professor para atuar como mediador do processo de ensino/aprendizagem do português como segunda língua, com alunos surdos no espaço escolar, e a construção de materiais de ensino específico para esse público. Neste artigo, pretendo me deter sobre alguns desses pontos, tratando de aspectos que mostram a resistência da sociedade às línguas de sinais e que dificultam um projeto de educação bilíngue intercultural para alunos surdos.
MORFOLOGIA EM MORFOLOGIA DISTRIBUÍDA
Authors: Scher Ana Paula , Bassani Indaiá De Santana , Minussi Rafael Dias
Published: January 2019

Neste trabalho, apresentamos uma visão para o tratamento da Morfologia dentro de um modelo como o da Morfologia Distribuída. Retomamos parte da literatura sobre o tema, que vem mostrando que os processos de formação de nominalizações gerundivas e derivadas do inglês evidenciam as desvantagens de uma análise lexicalista para esses fenômenos. A partir de então, apresentamos as propriedades do modelo, seus primitivos linguísticos e a proposta de arquitetura da gramática, priorizando dados e características do português brasileiro.
O QUE CAUSA A ALTERNÂNCIA DE VERBOS AGENTIVOS NO PORTUGUÊS BRASILEIRO?
Authors: Carvalho Janayna
Published: January 2019

Tem sido notado na literatura sobre estrutura argumental em PB que verbos agentivos, os quais não são normalmente licenciados na alternância causativa (cf. LEVIN e RAPPAPORT-HOVAV, 1995), entram em alternâncias em português brasileiro. Essa alternância será aqui nomeada de alternância agentiva (AA). Neste artigo, eu defendo que a alternância agentiva é um subproduto da perda do clítico se, que ocupa a posição de argumento externo. Mostro que a AA é diferente da alternância causativa e que os verbos que participam da AA partilham características com médias genéricas não-marcadas. Com a perda de morfologia de voz (se), as médias não-marcadas em PB possuem uma estrutura inacusativa. Como resultado, não há diferenças de transitividade entre sentenças anticausativas e médias em PB.
TRAÇOS EXISTENCIALISTAS EM ONDE ANDARÁ DULCE VEIGA DE CAIO FERNANDO ABREU
Authors: Quevedo Rafael
Published: January 2019

Sem pretender situar o romance de Caio Fernando Abreu na linha dos chamados romances existencialistas, este trabalho pretende identificar em Onde Andará Dulce Veiga a representação de questões centrais do existencialismo sartreano trabalhadas pelo filósofo francês em O Ser e o Nada e O Existencialismo é um Humanismo. Com esse intuito, traçamos alguns paralelos entre o romance de Caio Fernando Abreu e a novela A Náusea de Sartre.
ITAMAR ASSUMPÇÃO: UM CANCIONISTA MINORITÁRIO ENTRE O VISÍVEL E O OBSCURO
Authors: Almeida Juliano Nogueira
Published: January 2019

O artigo tem como interesse propor uma leitura sobre a produção artística do cancionista Itamar Assumpção. Para tanto, serão consideradas canções que versam sobre o fenomeno da invisibilidade e da produção de uma arte minoritária. O repertório selecionado permite a discussão sobre o duplo movimento de aproximação e de distanciamento do artista em relação à “Indústria Cultural”.  Ademais, ao longo do trabalho serão investigadas canções que tratam dos mecanismos de controle que acometem o homem comum.
APRESENTAÇÃO (Introduction)
Authors: Amarante José , Siqueira Sávio
Published: January 2019

Criada em 1984 e editada, nas primeiras décadas, pelo antigo Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras e Linguística do Instituto de Letras da Universidade Federal da Bahia (ILUFBA), a Revista ESTUDOS LINGUÍSTICOS E LITERÁRIOS é uma publicação atualmente mantida em conjunto pelos dois programas de pós-graduação do ILUFBA: Língua e Cultura (PPGLinC) e Literatura e Cultura (LitCult). Neste segundo semestre de 2013, a revista chega a sua 48ª edição, trazendo estudos desenvolvidos por pesquisadores de variada vinculação institucional e que submeteram seus trabalhos para este número, organizado pela editoria de Linguística, cujos artigos, em sua maioria, se centram em aspectos ligados ao ensino de línguas.
O VALOR ESTRUTURAL DO PARTICÍPIO GREGO (The structural value of the Greek participle)
Authors: Albertim Alcione Lucena de
Published: January 2019

A língua grega possui trinta formas de particípio, cuja presença é estrutural dentro do texto. A abundância de formas e a noção atributiva e adverbial desse verbo em forma de nome conferem à estrutura frasal dentro do período uma complexidade por vezes difícil de apreender, dentro do contexto no qual está inserido. Nesse sentido, propomos analisar o particípio e a sua importância como elemento estrutural, considerando suas nuanças morfológicas, sintáticas e, sobretudo, semânticas. Para isso, utilizaremos como foco de nossa análise, o primeiro capítulo do Livro I de História da Guerra do Peloponeso, de Tucídides, e o primeiro capítulo do Livro I de Antiguidades Romanas, de Dionísio de Halicarnasso.
Os desafios da “Escuta Ativa”: manifesto por uma gestão queer em políticas feministas e LGBT
Authors: Martins Fernandes Felipe Bruno
Published: January 2019

O presente manifesto tem o objetivo de estruturar uma posição ético-política feminista para analistasde políticas e gestores em gênero e sexualidades. Afirma, sob o conceito de “escuta ativa”, o poder e areflexividade como dimensões a receberem investimento por parte desses sujeitos, o que remeteria suas práticasadministrativas ao paradigma feminista. Amplia as tarefas sob responsabilidade de gestores comprometidos coma transformação e justiça sociais, dizendo que não basta cumprirem suas funções administrativas usuais, mas anecessidade de escutarem ativamente os grupos em situação de violência e desigualdade e, na medida dopossível, assumirem uma posição feminista e queer. Conclui com a posição de que a construção de umasociedade com justiça social e igualdade de direitos para os grupos vulneráveis à violência e em situações dedesigualdade, é um compromisso de todos e todas que só será alcançado no âmbito das políticas públicas se oconjunto de gestores se sensibilizarem em relação às hierarquias de gênero e sexuais.
Transconversações queer: sussurros e gemidos lusófonos Quatro cadelas mirando a(s) Psicologia(s)
Authors: Siqueira Peres Wiliam , Pocahy Fernando Altair , Santos Carneiro Nuno , Silva Teixeira-Filho Fernando
Published: January 2019

seguir rastro às cartografias em (dis)cursos nefastos da maiusculizada Psicologia.Com/posições dos desejos e desejos binários de binárias normas, para depois (dis)torcer as camas, a“família”, a clínica, a pesquisa, a geni(t)alidade. Escrita profana. Micro-rebelião epistemológica que o cu(pro)mete, porque no começo era e é (também) o cu. Um escrever torcido e trans-latido entre quatrocadelas mirando a Psicologia. (D)enunciar aqui o ménage que psis, numa história sem história, intentamem seus leitos vazios manchados da(s) Verdade(s) moderna(s). Por uma psicologia menor, manifestoesquizo-queer-analítico dos desejos-prazeres-sentidos na/da transcontemporaneidade lusófona. No lugarde uma conclusão, propomos a provocação de que só uma psicologia-em-devir-acadelado possa construirvisibilizações do invisiblizado humano. Ou os latidos que acreditamos promissores para que se retire aPsicologia da sua traidora e traída contenção das multitudes.
Corpos em clinamina Três ingredientes para uma ontologia desviada
Authors: Bensusan Hilan
Published: January 2019

O texto bate bolacha com a estranheza no mundo. Apresenta ingredientes para uma ontologiado desviado, levando em conta a queeridade das coisas mesmo quando gretas, ensimesmadas. Começacom a inspiração das clinamina epicuristas, desvios nas órbitas de todas as coisas sem as quais nada denovo acontece. Tenta tecer uma linguagem para a ontologia queer que junta aos termos usados nametafísica elementos borboletinhas das línguas das nações bajubás. Partindo da ecologia queer, dafenomenologia queer e da teologia indecente, o texto desenvolve três elementos para uma ontologia daestranheza: uma dermatologia especulativa, uma alagmática do erótico e uma ritmanálise daproliferação.
Trans* Sexualidade: Reflexões sobre a mercantilização do sexo desde uma perspectiva transgênera
Authors: V. Viviane
Published: January 2019

O objetivo deste artigo é examinar alguns aspectos relacionados à mercantilização do sexo a partir deuma perspectiva transgênera. Utilizando referências na literatura sobre questões transgêneras (especialmenteaquela produzida por pessoas trans*, como Susan Stryker e Julia Serano), bem como experiências pessoais,tenho a intenção de analisar como a mercantilização do sexo é associada a uma percepção social exotificada decorpos humanos, influenciada por sua vez por ideologias cis-, macho-, e heterocêntricas.Considerando-se que um exame crítico da ‘dupla consciência’ – termo cunhado por W. E. B. Du Bois nocontexto da análise racial – que atinge sujeitos marginalizados tem o potencial de ampliar nossas compreensõessobre determinadas relações de poder assimétricas, este artigo é fundamentado na ideia de que uma perspectivatransgênera pode trazer contribuições relevantes acerca de processos de erotização, fetichização e ojerização decorpos, bem como sobre mercados do sexo. Neste sentido, pretendo refletir sobre como meu corpo – o de umamulher transgênera – vem sendo socialmente percebido conforme passo pelo processo de ‘transição’, sobre comoestas alterações corporais e diferentes leituras sociais afetam minhas visões sobre mim mesma, e sobre quepossibilidades e formas de sexualidades estão socialmente disponíveis a pessoas transgêneras em geral.Sugiro, neste trabalho, que conforme meu corpo é crescentemente percebido como um corpo (trans)feminino,processos de fetichização e exotificação – fortemente correlacionados com ideologias cis- e machocêntricas –têm se tornado mais intensos. Em termos da sexualidade para individualidades transgêneras, e maisespecificamente para mulheres trans*, a literatura e experiências pessoais trazem possibilidades intelectuaissobre (e para) pessoas cujos corpos estão nas fronteiras entre o desejo e a abjeção, inclusive sobre condicionantessociais para a prevalência do mercado sexual como possibilidade de inserção econômica para elas. Umaavaliação crítica destas questões relativas a sexualidades e corpos, incluindo-se a análise de forças opressivas eresistentes em tais relações sociais, é o objetivo central do artigo.
Sobre o corpo inacabado em A pele que habito
Authors: Wircker Felipe , Kiffer Ana
Published: January 2019

O presente artigo busca levantar algumas questões relativas à noção de “humano” e ao humanismoocidental moderno a partir do questionamento acerca das noções de sexo e gênero. Para tal discussão, toma-secomo intercessores o filme de Pedro Almodóvar A pele que habito e alguns trabalhos da artista plástica LouiseBourgeois, explorado por Almodóvar neste longa-metragem, no intuito não de uma análise conceitual dosmesmos, mas de pensar a partir das manifestações artísticas em questão, dando ênfase ao deslocamento doentendimento moderno de corpo como algo fechado, calculável e medicalizado para uma noção de corpo comoalgo inacabado, em constante transformação, espaço de criação que desestabiliza as concepções dicotômicas determos como homem/mulher, masculino/feminino, humano/inumano, natural/artificial, essência/aparência,forma/informe.
Exposta pele profunda: para pensar em uma nova política para os corpos por meio da Teoria Cu
Authors: Ratts Júnior
Published: January 2019

Este trabalho tem como propósito repensar a região anal como local político de reinvindicaçõespor mudanças na estrutura social e de subversões dos discursos culturais acerca dos corpos e dassubjetividades. Para tanto, toma como base o filme pornô gay Skin Deep (2008) do diretor Kristen Bajornpara refletir, com base em sua narrativa, acerca de questões referentes à relação entre corpo, afetos eidentidade e assim revelar como a região anal pode ser vislumbrada como um espaço tático deempoderamento e de autoafirmação.
Para uma nova perspectiva e visibilidade política de velhas questões
Authors: Bastos de Araújo Denise
Published: January 2019

O livro Estudos e políticas do CUS – grupo de pesquisa Cultura e Sexualidade,lançado em 2013 pela Editora da Universidade Federal da Bahia, faz parte da ColeçãoCULT, do Centro de Estudos Multidisciplinares em Cultura, e traz uma série de artigosescritos por componentes do CUS, atualmente coordenado pelos professores LeandroColling e Djalma Thürler, que assinam a organização da obra.
Retrieval practice can improve classroom review despite low practice test performance
Authors: Leggett Jack M. I. , Burt Jennifer S. , Carroll Annemaree
Published: January 2019

Review is often more effective when it involves deliberate memory retrieval. However, this advantage may depend on a high rate of retrieval success; students who are less capable with the material may be better served by another activity. In our study, year 9 geography students listened to factual information, then reviewed some of it with a retrieval practice and feedback activity, some with a reading activity and left some unreviewed. We also manipulated the presence of hints during review—hints can affect the rate of retrieval success during practice and are relatively easy for teachers to provide. When tested 1 week later, most students showed a benefit of retrieval practice, even those who had performed poorly during review. There was also some evidence that hints improved learning when they made retrieval practice easier. Our findings suggest that retrieval practice, properly implemented, is advantageous for students of all ability levels.
Fast‐Response, Stiffness‐Tunable Soft Actuator by Hybrid Multimaterial 3D Printing
Authors: Zhang Yuan‐Fang , Zhang Ningbin , Hingorani Hardik , Ding Ningyuan , Wang Dong , Yuan Chao , Zhang Biao , Gu Guoying , Ge Qi
Published: January 2019

Soft robots have the appealing advantages of being highly flexible and adaptive to complex environments. However, the low‐stiffness nature of the constituent materials makes soft robotic systems incompetent in tasks requiring relatively high load capacity. Despite recent attempts to develop stiffness‐tunable soft actuators by employing variable stiffness materials and structures, the reported stiffness‐tunable actuators generally suffer from limitations including slow responses, small deformations, and difficulties in fabrication with microfeatures. This work presents a paradigm to design and manufacture fast‐response, stiffness‐tunable (FRST) soft actuators via hybrid multimaterial 3D printing. The integration of a shape memory polymer layer into the fully printed actuator body enhances its stiffness by up to 120 times without sacrificing flexibility and adaptivity. The printed Joule‐heating circuit and fluidic cooling microchannel enable fast heating and cooling rates and allow the FRST actuator to complete a softening–stiffening cycle within 32 s. Numerical simulations are used to optimize the load capacity and thermal rates. The high load capacity and shape adaptivity of the FRST actuator are finally demonstrated by a robotic gripper with three FRST actuators that can grasp and lift objects with arbitrary shapes and various weights spanning from less than 10 g to up to 1.5 kg.
Bienenstock, Cooper, and Munro Learning Rules Realized in Second‐Order Memristors with Tunable Forgetting Rate
Authors: Xiong Jue , Yang Rui , Shaibo Jamal , Huang He‐Ming , He Hui‐Kai , Zhou Wen , Guo Xin
Published: January 2019

Memristors with synaptic functions are very promising for developing artificial neural networks. Compared with the extensively reported spike‐timing‐dependent plasticity (STDP), Bienenstock, Cooper, and Munro (BCM) learning rules, the most accurate model of the synaptic plasticity to date, are more compatible with the neural computing system; however, the progress in the realization of the BCM rules has been quite limited. The realized BCM rules so far mostly performs just the spike‐rate‐dependent plasticity (SRDP), however, without a tunable sliding frequency threshold, because the memristors used to realize the BCM rules do not have tunable forgetting rates. In this work, the BCM rules with a tunable sliding frequency threshold are biorealistically implemented in SrTiO3‐based second‐order memristors; the forgetting rate of the memristors is tuned by engineering the electrode/oxide interface through controlling the electrode composition. The approach of this work is precise and efficient, and the biorealistic implementation of the BCM rules in memristors improves the efficiency of the neural network for the artificial intelligent system.
All‐in‐One Iontronic Sensing Paper
Authors: Li Sen , Pan Ning , Zhu Zijie , Li Ruya , Li Baoqing , Chu Jiaru , Li Guanglin , Chang Yu , Pan Tingrui
Published: January 2019

Paper has been utilized as an ideal platform for chemical, biological, and mechanical sensing for its fibrous structures and properties in addition to its low cost. However, current studies on pressure‐sensitive papers have not fully utilized the unique advantages of papers, such as printability, cuttability, and foldability. Moreover, the existing resistive, capacitive, and triboelectric sensing modalities have long‐standing challenges in sensitivity, noise‐proofing, response time, linearity, etc. Here, a novel flexible iontronic sensing mechanism, referred to as iontronic sensing paper (ISP), is introduced to the classic paper substrates by incorporating both ionic and conductive patterns into an all‐in‐one flexible sensing platform. The ISP can then be structured into 2D or 3D tactile‐sensitive origamis only by the paper‐specific manipulations of printing, cutting, folding, and gluing. Notably, the ISP device possesses a device sensitivity of 10 nF kPa−1 cm−2, which is thousands of times higher than that of the commercial counterpart, a resolution of 6.25 Pa, a single‐millisecond response time, and a high linearity (R
2 > 0.996). Benefiting from the unique properties of the fibrous paper structures and its remarkable performances, the ISP devices hold enormous potential for the emerging human–machine interfaces, including smart packaging, health wearables, and pressure‐sensitive paper matrix.
Single‐Crystal ZnO/AlN Core/Shell Nanowires for Ultraviolet Emission and Dual‐Color Ultraviolet Photodetection
Authors: You Daotong , Xu Chunxiang , Zhao Jie , Qin Feifei , Zhang Wei , Wang Ru , Shi Zengliang , Cui Qiannan
Published: January 2019

Core–shell nanostructures can combine the advantages of different functional materials to realize property tunability and enhance optical and optoelectrical performance. Here, vertically aligned ZnO/AlN core/shell nanowires have been facilely fabricated by sputtering AlN layer onto the ZnO nanowires grown by vapor phase transport. The morphological and structural characterization reveals that single‐crystal AlN shell layer with thickness of ≈15 nm is coated uniformly on the single‐crystal ZnO nanowire with diameters of ≈330 nm. The core/shell nanowire exhibits 24 times enhancement of ultraviolet emission and quenching of the deep level emission from ZnO. Moreover, under ultraviolet irradiation (325 nm), the photodetector based on the core/shell nanowire displays higher photoresponsivity (from 3.8 × 103 to 2.05 × 104 A W−1), faster response speed (from 397 to 28 ms), and higher I325nm/Idark ratio (from 453 to 1.1 × 104) than that bare ZnO nanowire device. Under the vacuum ultraviolet (193 nm) illumination, the I193nm/Idark ratio and photoresponsivity are 300 and 381 A W−1, respectively. In one word, this paper employs a facile and general technique to solve a challenging fabrication issue, and obtains perfect crystal core/shell structure with high performance for ultraviolet emission and detection.
Gold‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 2,5‐Disubstituted Oxazoles from Carboxamides and Propynals
Authors: Xu Yun , Wang Qian , Wu Yufeng , Zeng Zhongyi , Rudolph Matthias , Hashmi A. Stephen K.
Published: January 2019

2,5‐Disubstituted oxazoles are synthesized by oxidative gold catalysis. In contrast to a reported procedure that delivers 2,4‐disubstituted oxazoles starting from terminal alkynes, a switch in selectivity towards a 2,5‐disubstitution is achieved by the use of propynals as starting materials. In the new reaction, the key intermediate is formed by the nucleophilic attack of the carboxamide onto a gold carbenoid, and then condensates with the more electrophilic aldehyde moiety already present in the substrate and not with the ketone that is derived from the oxygen donor. This new cyclization mode introduces a new carbonyl moiety as substituent at the 2,5‐disubstituted oxazole, an attractive motive that can be found in bioactive compounds or be used for further derivatizations.

magnified image
Efficient Removal of Cr(VI) from Aqueous Solutions by a Dual‐Pore Covalent Organic Framework
Authors: Cui Fu‐Zhi , Liang Rong‐Ran , Qi Qiao‐Yan , Jiang Guo‐Fang , Zhao Xin
Published: January 2019

Removal of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) from water is of great importance because of its enormous threat to water ecological environment and human health. Adsorption of Cr(VI) by porous materials is a promising technique to address this issue. However, to develop adsorbents with rapid uptake and high capacity remains a challenge. Herein, the great potential of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) is demonstrated for the adsorption of Cr(VI) in aqueous solutions. A novel dual‐pore COF bearing hydroxyl groups is synthesized and exploited to remove chromate from aqueous solutions. It exhibits a fast removing process (272 Cr mg g−1 within 10 min), with a maximum adsorption capacity up to 384 Cr mg g−1, which is among the highest ones reported for porous materials so far. A mechanistic study reveals that the hydroxyl groups on the backbone of the COF play a critical role for the capture of Cr (VI).
Shape‐Controlled CO2 Electrochemical Reduction on Nanosized Pd Hydride Cubes and Octahedra
Authors: Zhu Wenlei , Kattel Shyam , Jiao Feng , Chen Jingguang G.
Published: January 2019

Electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) provides a potential pathway to mitigate challenges related to CO2 emissions. Pd nanoparticles have shown interesting properties as CO2RR electrocatalysts, while how different facets of Pd affect its performance in CO2 reduction to synthesis gas with controlled H2 to CO ratios has not been understood. Herein, nanosized Pd cubes and octahedra particles dominated by Pd(100) and Pd(111) facets are, respectively, synthesized. The Pd octahedra particles show higher CO selectivity (up to 95%) and better activity than Pd cubes and commercial particles. For both Pd octahedra and cubes, the ratio of H2/CO products is tunable between 1 and 2, a desirable ratio for methanol synthesis and the Fischer–Tropsch processes. Further studies of Pd octahedra in a 25 cm2 flow cell show that a total CO current of 5.47 A is achieved at a potential of 3.4 V, corresponding to a CO partial current density of 220 mA cm−2. In situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy studies show that regardless of facet Pd is transformed into Pd hydride (PdH) under reaction conditions. Density functional theory calculations show that the reduced binding energies of CO and HOCO intermediates on PdH(111) are key parameters to the high current density and Faradaic efficiency in CO2 to CO conversion.
Dynamic optimization for grade transition processes using orthogonal collocation on molecular weight distribution
Authors: Ma Yannan , Chen Xi , Eason John P. , Biegler Lorenz T.
Published: January 2019

To meet the demands of a competitive market, an industrial plant often produces several grades of polymer product through the same process in an economical way. As molecular weight distribution (MWD) is a crucial quality index of polymers, dynamic optimization for grade transition based on MWD is highly important, but challenging. This study considers the development of optimization models for MWD‐based grade transition. An MWD reconstruction method using orthogonal collocation in two dimensions is developed to capture the dynamic feature of MWD in time and the distributive feature in chain length. The simultaneous collocation approach is adopted to discretize the model. Two optimization formulations are proposed to describe minimizing the transition time as well as off‐spec production. Both formulations inherit the advantages of the simultaneous collocation approach. The numerical results show that the proposed methods can efficiently solve the grade transition problem with MWD specification, and obtain high performance control profiles to reduce the production cost. © 2019 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 65: 1198–1210, 2019
Energetic Basis of AGCGA‐Rich DNA Folding into a Tetrahelical Structure
Authors: Hadži San , Kocman Vojč , Oblak Domen , Plavec Janez , Lah Jurij
Published: January 2019

It was recently discovered that, besides well‐known G‐quadruplexes and i‐motifs, DNA may adopt another type of noncanonical structure called AGCGA‐quadruplexes. Here, the folding of the VK2 fragment from the regulatory region of the PLEKHG3 gene is studied and, for the first time, the energetic contributions that stabilize this unique fold are described. Similarly to the B‐DNA, it is stabilized by hydrophobic desolvation and, in contrast to G‐quadruplexes, also by specific binding of water molecules. Compared to B‐DNA, VK2 folding is enthalpically less favorable due to poorer base‐stacking interactions, resulting in substantial conformational flexibility. This entropically favorable conformational “breathing” stabilizes the AGCGA‐quadruplexes. In conclusion, AGCGA‐quadruplexes have a distinguishing thermodynamic fingerprint and the corresponding driving forces enabling their folding are consistent with the observed structural features.
Transfer Hydrocyanation of α‐ and α,β‐Substituted Styrenes Catalyzed by Boron Lewis Acids
Authors: Orecchia Patrizio , Yuan Weiming , Oestreich Martin
Published: January 2019

A straightforward gram‐scale preparation of cyclohexa‐1,4‐diene‐based hydrogen cyanide (HCN) surrogates is reported. These are bench‐stable but formally release HCN and rearomatize when treated with Lewis acids. For BCl3, the formation of the isocyanide adduct [(CN)BCl3]− and the corresponding Wheland complex was verified by mass spectrometry. In the presence of 1,1‐di‐ and trisubstituted alkenes, transfer of HCN from the surrogate to the C−C double bond occurs, affording highly substituted nitriles with Markovnikov selectivity. The success of this transfer hydrocyanation depends on the Lewis acid employed; catalytic amounts of BCl3 and (C6F5)2BCl are shown to be effective while B(C6F5)3 and BF3⋅OEt2 are not.
Quickly self‐healing hydrogel at room temperature with high conductivity synthesized through simple free radical polymerization
Authors: Yue Lipei , Zhang Xiaoyong , Li Weidong , Tang Ying , Bai Yongping
Published: January 2019

The use of conductive self‐healing hydrogels in electronic devices not only reduces replacement and maintenance costs but also prolongs their lifetime. Therefore, developing hydrogels with autonomous self‐healing properties and electronic conductivity is vital for the advancement of emerging fields, such as conductors, semiconductors, sensors, artificial skin, and electrodes and solar cells. However, it remains a challenge to fabricate a hydrogel with high conductivity that can be healed quickly at room temperature without any external stimulus. In this work, we report an effective and simple free radical polymerization approach to synthesizing a hydrogel using modified rGO and acrylate monomers containing abundant ion groups. The hydrogel exhibits excellent electronic conductivity, extremely fast electronic self‐healing ability, and excellent repeatable restoration performance at 25 °C. The conductivity of the hydrogel reaches 27.2 S/m, the hydrogel recovers its original shape, and scoring scratched on the surface totally disappears after holding at 25 °C for 40 s. This conductive, room‐temperature self‐healing hydrogel takes unique advantage of supramolecular chemistry and polymer nanoscience and has potential applications in various fields such as self‐healing electronics, artificial skin, soft robotics, biomimetic prostheses, and energy storage. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47379.
Grape stalk fibers as reinforcing filler for polymer composites with a polystyrene matrix
Authors: Borsoi Cleide , Menin Cristiano , Lavoratti Alessandra , Zattera Ademir José
Published: January 2019

Lignocellulosic fibers have been one of the most used reinforcements for different types of composites. In this context, grape stalks—often discarded in landfills—can be a potential reinforcement for composites. The present study aimed to incorporate in natura and alkali treated grape stalks into the polystyrene (PS) matrix. Initially, the grape stalks were treated with NaOH and 10, 20, and 30 wt % of stalks were added into the PS matrix. The alkaline treatment of the grape stalk fibers promoted the removal of hemicellulose and the partial removal of lignin, thus increasing the surface roughness and crystallinity index of the fibers. An improvement in the mechanical and dynamic‐mechanical properties and an increase in the maximum degradation temperature of the composites were observed. In conclusion, the use of grape stalks is a promising alternative for reinforcing composites, and, in addition, a more proper destination can be given to this type of residue. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47427.
Low‐density polyethylene/polyamide 6 blends from multilayer films waste
Authors: Moreno Diego David Pinzón , Saron Clodoaldo
Published: January 2019

Multilayer films combine properties of different polymers in a single material, attending specifications to applications such as packaging. However, the mechanical recycling for this material king is commercially less interesting because the polymeric components cannot easily be separated and the direct mechanical processing of the material leads to the immiscible and incompatible polymeric blends. The aim of this study was to evaluate properties of the blends of low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) and polyamide 6 (PA6) generated from mechanical recycling of multilayer films constituted by LDPE and PA6, containing maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (PE‐g‐MA) as compatibilizing agent and different amounts of virgin PA6. The LDPE/PA6 blends are immiscible for all composition and the use of PE‐g‐MA has showed little effect on the compatibility of the blends with high content of PA6. However, LDPE/PA6 blends with PA6 content up to 20 wt % showed considerable performance for mechanical performance that can justify the mechanical recycling of the material. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47456
Colorimetric chemosensor for Ni2+ based on alizarin complexone and a cationic polyelectrolyte in aqueous solution
Authors: Inoue Koshiro , Aikawa Shunichi , Fukushima Yasumasa
Published: January 2019

A new and convenient chemosensor for detecting Ni2+ in aqueous buffer has been developed by mixing an anionic organic dye, alizarin complexone (ALC) and a cationic polyelectrolyte, poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC). After addition of Ni2+, the chemosensor exhibits a remarkable bathochromic shift with a significant color change from red to blue, while other metal ions did not induce such a change. The color change may be attributed to the aggregate formation of an ALC‐based Ni2+ complex on the surface of PDADMAC. The results showed that the ALC and PDADMAC mixture can be applied to detect Ni2+ selectively with colorimetric changes. This investigation can lead to the construction of new chemosensors by facile and simple mixture of a water‐soluble dye and an oppositely charged polyelectrolyte. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47496.
Development and characterization of EST‐SSR markers for Vitex negundo var. heterophylla (Lamiaceae)
Authors: Liu Lele , Wang Jingwen , Yin Meiqi , Guo Xiao , Cai Yunfei , Du Ning , Yu Xiaona , Guo Weihua
Published: January 2019

Premise of the Study

Vitex negundo var. heterophylla (Lamiaceae) is a dominant shrub in the warm temperate zone of northern China. Expressed sequence tag–simple sequence repeat (EST‐SSR) markers were developed to investigate its genetic diversity and structure.

Methods and Results

We detected 12,075 SSRs in V. negundo var. heterophylla using transcriptome sequencing. Primer pairs for 100 SSR loci were designed and amplified in three populations of V. negundo var. heterophylla. Sixty loci were amplified, of which 14 were polymorphic. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two to 15, and levels of observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.241 to 0.828 and from 0.426 to 0.873, respectively. All primer pairs amplified PCR products from V. rotundifolia but only four of them amplified products from Leonurus japonicus.

Conclusions

The identified EST‐SSR markers will be useful for future molecular and reproductive ecology studies of V. negundo var. heterophylla and V. rotundifolia.