bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A decision making algorithm for wind power plant based on q-rung orthopair hesitant fuzzy rough aggregation information and TOPSIS
Authors: Attaullah  ,   Department of Mathematics, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan, Ashraf Shahzaib , Rehman Noor , Khan Asghar , Park Choonkil ,   Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda 24420, Pakistan,   Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
Published: January 2022

Wind energy is one of the most significant renewable energy sources due to its widespread availability, low environmental impact, and great cost-effectiveness. The effective design of ideal wind energy extraction areas to generate electricity is one of the most critical issues in the exploitation of wind energy. The appropriate site selection for wind power plants is based on the concepts and criteria of sustainable environmental advancement, resulting in a low-cost and renewable energy source, as well as cost-effectiveness and job creation. The aim of this article is to introduce the idea of q-rung orthopair hesitant fuzzy rough set (q-ROHFRS) as a robust fusion of q-rung orthopair fuzzy set, hesitant fuzzy set, and rough set. A q-ROHFRS is a new approach towards modeling uncertainties in the multi-criteria decision making (MCDM). Various key properties of q-ROHFRS and some elementary operations on q-ROHFRSs are established. A list of novel q-rung orthopair hesitant fuzzy rough weighted geometric aggregation operators are developed on the basis of defined operational laws for q-ROHFRSs. Further, a decision making algorithm is developed to handle the uncertain and incomplete information in real word decision making problems. Then, a multi-attribute decision making method is established using q-rung orthopair hesitant fuzzy rough aggregation operators. Afterwards, a practical case study on evaluating the location of wind power plants is presented to validate the potential of the proposed technique. Further, comparative analysis based on the novel extended TOPSIS method is presented to demonstrate the capability of the proposed technique.
ENERGY AND WATER PERFORMANCE OF AN OFF-GRID TINY HOUSE IN CALIFORNIA
Authors: Siegner Alana Bowen , Webster Brett , Bolliger Ian , Kammen Daniel M.
Published: January 2022

The impetus for buildings to decarbonize and move towards radical energy and water efficiency is increasingly strong and identified as a priority within the green building sector. The tiny house movement offers an opportunity to both address the challenges of affordable housing and contribute to residential building decarbonization. Tiny houses de-emphasize mass consumption and excessive belongings and have potential to address equity issues such as gentrification by providing living spaces to low-income residents in desirable housing locations. This paper analyzes the Tiny House in My Backyard (THIMBY) project, investigating building sustainability concepts through the design-build-occupy process in a three-year-old structure. THIMBY demonstrates energy and water efficiency technologies inside an award-winning small living space (18.5 m2). THIMBY was designed to reduce energy and water use by 87 and 82% compared to California residential averages. In practice, it has reduced site energy by 88% and has emitted 96% fewer carbon emissions than a 2100 square foot California Energy Commission 2016 Title 24 minimally compliant home. We discuss the differences between design and performance of energy and water systems, which we find offer important lessons for the further expansion of the tiny house movement and other alternative and micro green housing types. We find that optimizing such houses through integration of energy and water saving technologies, home energy management systems, and strong communication between modelers, builders and occupants will be essential to achieving dramatic energy (87%), water (82%), and carbon (96%) savings.
LEED-CI V3 AND V4 GOLD PROJECTS FOR OFFICE SPACES: THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SHANGHAI AND CALIFORNIA
Authors: Pushkar Svetlana
Published: January 2022

The Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) rating system is currently progressing from version 3 (V3) to 4 (V4) with the aim of reducing environmental damage in the global construction sector. The LEED Commercial Interiors (LEED-CI) subsystem is widely used for office spaces, particularly in Shanghai and California. Comparing Shanghai and California in terms of LEED-CI projects can shed light on the ability of the LEED-CI subsystem to adapt to local green building standards and local environmental conditions. The aim of this study was to assess the difference between V3 and V4 LEED-CI Gold office projects using a comparison between Shanghai and California. The US Green Building Council and the Green Building Information Gateway databases were used to source LEED-CI V3 and V4 Gold office projects. The natural logarithm of the odds ratio and Fisher’s exact 2 × 2 tests with a mid p-value were used to evaluate the binary data, while the Cliff’s δ and exact Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney tests were used to evaluate the ordinal data. The results show no difference between Shanghai and California in terms of LEED-CI V3 Gold office projects in the five main LEED-CI categories. The shift from V3 to V4 LEED-CI Gold office projects is increasing the difference between Shanghai and California in terms of the following LEED-CI categories: location and transportation, water efficiency, energy and atmosphere, and materials and resources. Therefore, as compared to V3, V4 for LEED-CI Gold office projects demonstrated greater adaptability to local green building standards and environmental conditions.
RESALE OF GREEN HOUSING COMPENSATES FOR ITS PREMIUM PRICING: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF CHINA
Authors: Jiang Yongsheng , Xing Yudong , Zhao Dong , Jiao Ruilin
Published: January 2022

Green housing reduces resource consumption and protects the ecological environment. Sustainable buildings and construction have gained increasing attention in the last decade. Many empirical studies have confirmed that green housing imposes a price premium at the presale stage. The high price could be a concern that prevents homebuyers from purchasing green buildings. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence on whether the premium pricing could be compensated for by the resale price. To address this gap, this study establishes a hedonic regression model to estimate the price premium of green housing at the resale stage. The results show that green housing certified with the Chinese Green Building Label (CGBL) offers a 6% price premium compared with non-green housing at the resale stage. The results also show that green housing with a higher level of green certification, e.g., the 3-star CGBL, provides a greater price premium at resale. The findings indicate that home-buyers can obtain financial compensation for the high cost when purchasing a green home. Our findings also indicate that the price premium for reselling a green home is not always enough to compensate for the purchase cost in different cities. Policy recommendations for government promotion of green housing are also discussed.
Le chant des voyelles dans les Papyri Graecae Magicae de l’Empire romain. De la pratique rituelle à l’invention moderne d’une tradition
Authors: Audureau Florian
Published: January 2022

Au début du xxe siècle s’est imposée l’image d’Épinal du magicien-astrologue. Selon une logique pythagoricienne, celui-ci emploierait la musique pour évoquer les pouvoirs astraux des planètes, et les voyelles que l’on retrouve dans les papyrus de magie gréco-égyptienne serviraient à écrire les notes de la gamme classique. Or, cette « tradition » est avant tout historiographique et ne rend pas compte des pratiques et des dynamiques d’accommodation culturelle. L’analyse détaillée du corpus révèle en effet que l’interprétation astrologique ne relève pas d’une tradition, mais d’une invention ponctuelle et ciblée. C’est au contraire une logique propre aux magi qui sous-tend l’utilisation des voyelles : elles incarnent la puissance du souffle (πνεῦμα) et sa capacité à produire des sons.
The question on the existence of black holes
Authors: Lo C. Y.
Published: January 2022

Simulation shows that general relativity would lead to the existence of black holes if gravitation is always attractive. However, although we observed an invisible and extremely heavy object governs the orbits of stars at the center of our galaxy, we still cannot determine the existence
of a black hole. Thus, one may ask whether black holes actually exist. Einstein’s general relativity has been established, because its prediction on the bending of light rays has been confirmed by observation. However, Einstein’s prediction on the increment of weight for a piece
of metal as the temperature increases is proven incorrect by experiments, which actually show a reduction of weight. This leads to the necessary existence of repulsive gravitational force, which has been demonstrated by a charged capacitor hovering above the earth. Thus, Einstein, Newton,
Galileo, and Maxwell all made the error of overlooking the repulsive gravitational charge-mass interaction. Thus, it is necessary to rejustify the existence of black holes, because gravity is not always attractive. Moreover, repulsive gravitational force makes it necessary to extend general
relativity to a five-dimensional theory. Thus, to find out whether black holes exist, it is necessary to investigate the repulsive gravitation and a five-dimensional space.
Adapting the UTAUT2 Model for Social Commerce Context
Authors: Shoheib Zaki , Abu-Shanab Emad Ahmed
Published: January 2022

Social commerce (SC) became a major channel for conducting business as a result of the ban adopted by many countries because of Covid-19 era. The simplicity of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and use of Technology (UTAUT) and its extended version (UTAUT2) invites researchers to explore other options that can yield better explanation of the adoption of SC. This study extended the UTAUT2 with perceived value, trust and a SC related construct. In addition, the study re-structured the UTAUT2 to fit with SC environment. The study utilized 463 surveys distributed in Qatar, and analyzed the data using SEM. Results fully supported the proposed model, where trust, perceived value, facilitating conditions, and hedonic motivation significantly predicted behavioral intentions with an R2 value equal to 72%. The model supported the role of performance expectancy and SC constructs in predicting perceived value, and the role of effort expectancy and habit in predicting hedonic motivation.
Determination of Kolgrace bio-fertilizer rate for optimum greengram (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) production in Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Ihejiofor P.N. , Ukwu U.N. , Adeoye G.
Published: January 2022

Greengram productivity has been improved by application of farmyard manures in the last two decades; however, these manures are not readily available as at when needed. In some cases, they are available but in limited supply. Kolgrace bio-fertilizer, a novel commercial product of the Association of Organic Agricultural Practitioners could serve as a superior alternative to farmyard manures. Hence, a field experiment was carried out at the Teaching & Research Farm of the Department of Agronomy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria during the 2015 cropping season to evaluate the effects of five rates (0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, and 2.00 t ha–1) of Kolgrace bio-fertilizer on the performance of greengram. The aim was to determine the optimum rate of application of this biofertilizer for greengram production. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with four replications. Data were collected on growth and yield traits, and were subjected to analysis of variance. Results showed that Kolgrace rates significantly (p < 0.01) influenced all the traits measured with exception of fresh pod yield (FPY). Plant height (112 cm), number of leaves (87), stem girth (1.43 mm) and number of flowers (10) at 8 weeks after planting (WAP) were significantly highest with the application of 0.5 t ha–1 whereas, 0.25 t ha–1 gave best results for number of pods (42) and pod yield (3.85 t ha –1). The application of 0.5 t ha–1 is, therefore, recommended if the interest of the farmer is sprout, fodder or green manure, and 0.25 t ha–1 if the interest is for seed production.
Development and performance evaluation of a livestock feed chopper/pulverizer
Authors: Ishola T.A. , Hassan SB
Published: January 2022

Crop residues are bulky and low in nutrients. Their size reduction is imperative in order to compound them with other feed ingredients to achieve balanced feedstock for livestock. A chopping and pulverizing machine was designed and constructed to chop and pulverized feed materials. It comprises of chopping hopper, pulverizing hopper, metering device, chopping/ pulverizing chamber, screen and the processed feed outlet. The performance of the machine was evaluated on the basis of throughput capacity, pulverizing efficiency, scatter losses as dependent variables while moisture content was the independent variable. There were two level of speeds (1500 rpm and 2100 rpm) and five levels of moisture content (13 %, 16 %, 19 %, 21 %, 24 %, and 27 % dry basis). The throughput capacity, pulverizing efficiency had highest values of 222 kg/h and of 92.5 % respectively at moisture content level of 13 % (db) and 2100 rpm speed. However, the least scatter losses obtained was 2.5 % at moisture content level of 27 % (db) and 1500 rpm speed. As the moisture content increased, throughput capacity, pulverizing efficiency and scatter losses decreases at both speeds. The developed machine could enhance the use of crop residues in feeding livestock which could ultimately reduce the cost of livestock feed production.
Variation in Arsenic metabolism in schistosomiasis associated bladder pathology in a rural community, Eggua, Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Adeboye A.T. , Awobode H.O. , Adebayo A.S. , Djouaka J.R. , Isokpehi R.D. , Anumudu C.I.
Published: January 2022

Exposure to toxic inorganic Arsenic (iAs) in areas endemic for urogenital schistosomiasis may confer increased risk for bladder cancer. The severity of the adverse effects of iAs however depends on its metabolism, which is highly variable among individuals. Genetic polymorphism in Arsenic (+3) Methyl Transferase enzyme, accounts significantly for these variations. To investigate the relationship of AS3MT gene polymorphisms and Arsenic metabolism to schistosomiasis and/or associated bladder pathology, 119 individualsfrom Eggua in southwest Nigeria were recruited for this study. Screening for schistosomiasis and bladder pathology was done by microscopy and ultrasonography respectively. Wagtech Digital Arsenator was used to assess total urinary arsenic concentrations and thus determine the level of arsenic exposure. The single nucleotide polymorphism AS3MT/Met287Thr T>C (rs11191439) was genotyped using Alelle-Specific PCR. Of the participants who tested positive for schistosomiasis, 33.3% exhibited bladder pathology. Total urinary arsenic concentration in 80% of the participants was above the WHO limit of 0.05mg/L. The Met287Thr allelic distribution conformed to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (X2= 0.161, P> 0.05). Observed allelic frequencies were 0.96 and 0.04 for wild-type T and mutant C alleles respectively. There was no significant relationship between AS3MT SNP, arsenic concentrations and schistosomiasis associated bladder pathology. In conclusion, the community is highly exposed to arsenic, although with a possible genetic advantage of increased AS3MT catalytic activity. However, we see the need for urgent intervention as inter-individual differences in arsenic metabolism may influence the bladder pathology status of individuals in the community. And although urogenital schistosomiasis is waning in Eggua, it is not known what synergy the infection and high arsenic exposure may wield on bladder pathology.
Drug-sensitivity and passive immunity mathematical epidemiological model for tuberculosis
Authors: Danhausa A.A. , Daniel E.E. , Shawulu C.J. , Nuhu A.M. , Philemon L.
Published: January 2022

Regardless of many decades of research, the widespread availability of a vaccine and more recently highly visible WHO efforts to promote a unified global control strategy, Tuberculosis remains a leading cause of infectious mortality. In this paper, a Mathematical Model for Tuberculosis Epidemic with Passive Immunity and Drug-Sensitivity is presented. We carried out analytical studies of the model where the population comprises of eight compartments: passively immune infants, susceptible, latently infected with DS-TB. The Disease Free Equilibrium (DFE) and the Endemic Equilibrium (EE) points were established. The next generation matrix method was used to obtain the reproduction number for drug sensitive (𝑅𝑜𝑠) Tuberculosis. We obtained the disease-free equilibrium for drug sensitive TB which is locally asymptotically stable when 𝑅𝑜𝑠 < 1 indicating that tuberculosis eradication is possible within the population. We also obtained the global stability of the disease-free equilibrium and results showed that the disease-free equilibrium point is globally asymptotically stable when 𝑅𝑜𝑠 ≤ 1 which indicates that tuberculosis naturally dies out.
Degradation of polystyrene by tropical bacterial and fungal isolates
Authors: Akerele O.S. , Buraimoh O.M. , Humphrey I. , Ilori M.O.
Published: January 2022

Plastic waste is one of the major contributing factors to the growth of municipal solid wastes globally. It is a threat to public health and negatively impact the aquatic and terrestrial animals due to its persistence in the environment. Bacterial and fungal isolates were tested for their ability to degrade polystyrene. The cultures were grown on mineral salts medium supplemented with polystyrene as the sole carbon source in 250 mL conical flasks. The polystyrene reduced from 1 g (week 0) to 0.7g (week 7). Statistical analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) shows a significant difference between the reduction in weight of polystyrene in the experimental flask compared to the control (P<0.05). Gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis of biodegradation products shows that some toxic polystyrene constituents such as O-xylene, cis-9-hexadecenal and 3-phenol pentadecyl were removed.
EDTA and nitric acid responses on nickel uptake, translocation factor and pigments on Spinacia oleracea L. replanted seedlings in hydroponic solution
Authors: Abdulsalam S. , Yahaya M.K. , Habib L.O. , Ugbenyo N.O.
Published: January 2022

The effects of Na2EDTA and HNO3 on Ni2+ uptake by Spinacia oleracea seedlings replanted inhydroponic culture in a greenhouse was investigated. Eight week old seedlings, were exposed to various doses of Ni2+ (0, 1000, 2000, and 4000 mg/L) as NiSO4, at (0, 500 and 3000 mg/L) Na2EDTA and ( 0, 500 and 3000 mg /L) HNO3 in different combinations. There was a substantial increase in nickel uptake in chelated treatments (p < 0.05) compared to unchelated treatments of same concentrations of Ni2+. So, chelation enhanced Ni2+ uptake in S. oleracea. During the exposure, antioxidant defense system helped the plant to protect itself from the damage. Due to increasing nickel  uptake by the plant, the photosynthetic pigments (i.e chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and Caretenoids) gradually declined. In this study, Spinacia oleracea Seedlings and contents of the photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and Caretenoids) of both chelated and unchelated hydroponic treatments were investigated. Changes in photosynthetic pigments was significant (p < 0.05) with respect to addition of EDTA and HNO3 at different concentration to different concentrations of Ni2+ compared to unchelated treatments of same concentrations of Ni2+. The Ni2+ induced translocation factor was also determined which increased significantly (P < 0.05) with increasing Ni2+ concentrations.
An appraisal of pattern and presentation of gynaecological malignancies in Bowen University Teaching Hospital, Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Ogunlaja O.A , Akinola S.E , Bakare Y.T , Adeniran A.S , Ogunlaja I.P , Olasinde A , Adetoye F , Bowale D , Kasali O , Oladeji I , Oyedele T.J , Salawu B.T
Published: January 2022

Background: Gynaecological malignancies are cancers that occur in or on a woman's reproductive organs and genitals which includes the vulva, vagina, cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. The prevalence of gynaecological malignancies varies from one country to another. The factors responsible for the observed variance includes lifestyle, dietary pattern, level of education and the sophistication of health care system. This study aims to identify the pattern and clinical presentations of gynaecological malignancies at Bowen University Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso over a five-year period.Methods: This was a retrospective study involving one hundred and twenty-three (123) patients with a histological diagnosis of gynecological malignancy.Results: Patients with gynaecological malignancies accounted for 3.6% of the patients seen in the period under review. Majority of these patients were multiparous and between the age range of 50 and 69 years. The commonest form of gynaecological malignancy seen was cervical cancer.Conclusion: Health care programs and policies that strengthen public awareness campaigns, health education and health promotion like human papilloma virus vaccination and follow up surveillance will help to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with gynaecological malignancies.

Keywords: appraisal, pattern, presentation, gynaecological malignancies
Hamlet 2021’s Outrageous Fortune
Authors: De Waal Marguerite
Published: January 2022

No abstract
Deceptive advertising and its connection to unregulated gambling in the gaming industry
Authors: Potolia Zoi
Published: January 2022

Streaming and on-demand entertainment content on new media platforms exposes viewers to gambling as influencers leverage audience’s trust within an insufficiently regulated industry. This article covers instances of influencers directing undisclosed endorsements for gamer gambling services to their audience, highlighting the presence of both inherent risk and of the need to regulate. On regulation, this article provides an evaluation of the regulatory framework already in place and whether consumers are sufficiently protected against deceptive advertising. It establishes a connection between undisclosed endorsements and unregulated gambling, in some cases involving minors. Lastly, it provides a thorough analysis on the effectiveness of the current regulatory framework as enforced by the FTC in the US and European influencer marketing legislation. This includes a discussion on the limitations of competent authorities to regulate in time juxtaposed by the strong interests of stakeholders within the gaming industry.
Protecting video games against online copyright infringement: a Russian approach to site blocking
Authors: Kuzmina Alena
Published: January 2022

Throughout recent years Russia has developed a strong anti-piracy and site blocking laws which claim to become effective tools against an ongoing issue of video game piracy. Thousands of pirate torrent indexing websites, illegal marketplaces with unauthorized digital goods and in-game values are shut down yearly by video game right holders in order to prevent illegal content consumption. Torrent sites loose up to 90% of traffic quickly after blocking measures are implemented. However, if the law is too good to be true, it most probably is. The strict domain-specific site blocking approach has been an ongoing issue and an obstacle for right holders to tackle site blocking circumvention tools from Russia. Most pirate sites hop to a new domain name after the right holder obtains first content-removal order making it impossible to sue the website for repeated copyright infringement. The dynamic site blocking approach developed within European case law and best practices may become a potential solution to this problem.
Przygotowanie dzieci do podjęcia nauki w szkole w refleksji początkującego nauczyciela
Authors: Duda-Łyszczyk Anna
Published: January 2022

Preparing children to start school at the reflection of a beginner teacher

The article discusses the work of a young teacher who starts his professional career from a grade zero. Teachers are subject to certain restrictions and are required to comply with the legal provisions laid down by statutes. Starting work as a teacher prompts reflection on the choice of methods and forms of work, taking into account the teacher’s obligations set out in legal acts. A teacher working in a kindergarten should prepare children to enter school so that they can master reading and writing skills in the future. Referring to the theory of a reflective teacher, I tried to consider the professional development of a teacher who is looking for the best method of work for him, and thus creates his own method of shaping phonological awareness in children. This method is an original reconstruction of J. Reichen’s reading method. The article presents both the theoretical assumptions of his method and notes from the observation carried out during the introduction of innovations to the preschool group. I also try to answer the question, how does the introduction of innovations affect the professional development of the teacher and the development of children?
Zwierzęta i ich znaczenie dla rozwoju dziecka
Authors: Tarnawska Martyna
Published: January 2022

Animals and their meaning for child’s development

The purpose of this article is to increase reader’s knowledge about animals and their influence on child’s development. The following article describes the journey of children growing up in the presence of animals. The first part of the article focuses on the general impact of animals on humans and presents ways for parents to use in order to provide child contact with animals despite their absence at home. The next part is about the importance of being around animals for social, emotional and physical development, as well as their influence on education and shaping the child’s personality. In the fifth part, research analysis from 2019 to my Bachelor are presented. They are a starting point for reflection about the article. The last part is a summary of the article, which also includes the role of the teacher in educating both parents and children about the importance of animals in human life.
Epidemie w dziejach Wadowic w okresie przedrozbiorowym – studium przypadku miasta małopolskiego
Authors: Graff Tomasz
Published: January 2022

Epidemics in the history of Wadowice in the pre-partition period. A study of a town in Małopolska

This article aims to analyze the traces of the pestilence in Wadowice in Małopolska up to 1772, when the town became part of the Austrian partition. Hitherto this topic has only been mentioned in the literature. Thanks to a use of sources from the period, and, above all, archives in, for example, the Archiwum Parafialnym Bazyliki Ofiarowania Najświętszej Marii Panny w Wadowicach and in the Archiwum Kurii Metropolitalnej w Krakowie, the author has discovered traces of the appearance of large-scale epidemics in Wadowice in 1585, 1601, 1652–1653, and probably in 1737, 1752, and 1758. In the Wadowice records of deaths (Liber Mortuorum), it has been possible to identify entries that would indicate the appearance of at least local epidemics in the period 1730–1772. In addition, a hitherto unknown note by the local pastor from 1756 has been found, which provides information about epidemics in the town in the XVIIth century and of their avoidance at the time of pestilence raging over large areas of the Polish Commonwealth and beyond its borders between 1708 and 1709. This source, published as an annex to the article, also shows the approaches of the inhabitants of Wadowice to the plague, which were typical of the period, and included: dedicating the town to the Mother of God, and the conviction that the misfortunes falling on the town, such as epidemics or fires, were a punishment for sins. The article ends with a recommendation in the future to carry out comparative research that makes it possible to compare the results from Wadowice with those from other towns in the western part of Małopolska.
Zadżumione miasto. Sztokholm wobec zarazy w latach 1710–1711
Authors: Majewska Gabriela
Published: January 2022

Plague city. Stockholm and the plague of 1710

The epidemic of plague in Stockholm between 1710 and 1711 was part of a great pandemic that devastated Eastern, Central, and Northern Europe in the first decade of the century and, at the same time, was the greatest demographic catastrophe in the history of the Swedish capital, as a result of which around 40% of the city’s population died. The first cases of plague appeared at the start of 1710; the peak of infections and deaths was in the autumn (October and November); in winter, the disease lessened and the last cases occurred in February 1711. It is estimated that the number of deaths reached 22,000. The suburbs and the poorest districts suffered most. Scarcity and famine, which struck Sweden at the end of the first decade of the XVIIIth century, fostered the rapid spread of the disease in the city and the high rate of mortality. The plague was also fostered by the effects of the war conducted by Charles XII and, particularly, the defeats suffered by the Swedish army and the seizure of the Baltic provinces by Peter the Great, which led to migrations from already plague-infected regions and worsened the already poor sanitary conditions in the city. Refugees from Estonia probably brought the plague to Stockholm.

The Swedish authorities undertook measures against any epidemic as early as 1708 after receiving information about the spread of plague on the northern shores of the Baltic. These were limited to monitoring the movement of population. In 1709, quarantine was introduced for arrivals. After the first cases of plague in Stockholm regulations concerning people’s movements were made more strict, epidemic services were set up, and sanitary and public order directives were issued. Announcement of the plague was delayed until mid-September, when the number of deaths rose hugely, and it was obvious that the authorities were not in a position to control the spread of the epidemic. The city was closed, an ordinance against plague was issued regulating especially issues connected with health certificates, travel restrictions, maintaining cleanliness in houses and on the streets, compulsory registration and isolation of the sick, organization of interments, and the use of disinfectants and medicines. The reaction of the Stockholm authorities to the appearance of plague in the city reflected the actions of other Baltic cities struggling with plague at the same time.
Cholera a COVID-19. Różne choroby, wspólna profilaktyka
Authors: Janicka Iwona
Published: January 2022

Cholera and COVID-19. Different diseases, common prevention measures

Cholera and COVID-10 are two different diseases that have spread across the globe from Asia. The former is caused by the bacteria Vibrio cholerae, while the second is caused by a virus belonging to the corona virus group. Despite the differences in their course and treatment, one can find similarities in epidemic prevention measures imposed in the XIXth century and currently. Actions in this area can be divided into hygienic-sanitary measures including personal care, such as, personal hygiene, physical and psychological health, and medical-policing procedures to prevent the spread of the disease. These last measures include: quarantines, cordons sanitaires, limitations of various kinds on social, cultural, and economic life. The common denominator in the case of both diseases is their avoidance via vaccination.
Холерная пандемия 1830–1831 гг. в Российской империи по воспоминаниям и письмам, газетным заметкам, текстам административных указов и другим личным и официальным источникам
Authors: Vyskochkov Leonid Vladimirovich , Shelayeva Alla Aleksandrovna
Published: January 2022

The pandemic between 1830 and 1831 in the Russian Empire on the basis of memoires and letters, press notices, executive ordinances, and other individual and official sources

In the XIXth century, there appeared a new disease, probably hitherto unknown to Europeans, infections cholera, called after the place in Asia where it was endemic. In the introductory part of this article, a brief history of the pandemic of this illness is sketched out, from the time of its appearance in 1816 to modern times. The areas it affected then are shown and the number of its victims. The second pandemic is dealt with in most detail; this was when it first affected a significant part of the Russian Empire. The article demonstrates the route by which cholera spread, beginning from Orenburg, where from the first months of 1829 to February 1830, 3,590 persons fell ill and 865 died. The state authorities tried to gather all information on the nature of the disease, its symptoms, course, and, above all, on prior protection and cure. The basic means of prevention were cordons sanitaires, isolation of homes, quarantining of the sick, and fumigating (disinfecting) rooms. The spread of the unknown disease that killed many was accompanied by fear and sometimes panic among the population. This was expressed in mass disturbances and cholera-related revolts. They took place in Sebastopol, Moscow, and Tambov. There the mob physically assaulted officials, doctors, and soldiers. The struggle against the cholera pandemic and society’s reaction to it are shown via the prism both of decision makers and in the eyes of ordinary people, particularly of those directly affected by the disease. The article contains several interesting quotations from memoir writing; the Tsar’s reaction and that of his family to the disease are shown, and also the effects of the unequal struggle.
Cholera w Paryżu w 1832 r. i jej rewolucyjna (anty)kontekstualność
Authors: Łysiak-Łątkowska Anna
Published: January 2022

Cholera in Paris in 1832 and its revolutionary (anti-)context

Experience of the real threat to public health constituted by the cholera epidemic of 1832 in Paris is presented in this article in terms of its revolutionary import and significance. Among these, the following should be noted: the concept of an internal and external enemy, which, as many thought, led to the appearance of the disease; the significance of rumour, which contributed to violent events and disturbances; casting suspicion on persons who were seen as suspect poisoners; the collective dimension of death as a result of infection; and the general inspection of the dead and the printed lists of their names Events that shocked public opinion and dramatic images meant, on one hand, a calling up and contemporary realization of revolutionary imaginings.

However, the essence of experience and post-revolutionary consciousness was concentrated on unwanted consequences: violence, disarray, chaos, and destruction. As a result, there was a reluctance to make a direct comparison between the cholera epidemic and various aspects of it to revolutionary events. Metaphors of and comparisons to the Jacobin terror were not supposed to encourage a repetition of this but rather to reflect the scale of horror felt at the appearance of cholera and its extent.

At the same, one must note that alongside revolutionary echoes, there emerged a modern perspective resulting from an awareness of the consequences for urban life of the existence of great social differences. Harmful and unhealthy living conditions, especially in Parisian districts where there was want and poverty, produced hot-beds of cholera. There was a realization of the necessity of improving sanitation and hygiene, introducing city cleaning, building water and sewage systems, all of which marked the beginning of the re-building of Paris.

In the press, memoirs, diaries, medical printed material and brochures, and in literature, there is a reflection of the variety of imaginings linked to the past and tradition of revolutionary Paris in the face of the appearance of cholera. Revolutions, with their myths, rituals, symbolism, and their ludic and carnivalesque elements, became a distinctive matrix, sometimes inverted, through which interpretations and definitions were offered of what animated the inhabitants of Paris. There is no doubt that the 1832 cholera epidemic became one of those experiences.
Dur plamisty (tyfus) w okupowanym Lwowie w latach 1941–1944 (na podstawie Gazety Lwowskiej i Lwiwśkych wistej)
Authors: Hałagida Igor
Published: January 2022

Typhus in occupied Lviv between 1941 and 1944 (on the basis of Gazeta Lwowska and Lwiwśki wisti)

One of the diseases that provoked widespread fear during the Second World War was typhus. Memory of the mass deaths it had caused during the previous conflict produced well-grounded fears among front-line soldiers and civilians (despite the existence of innoculations, which were hard to obtains). On the basis of two contemporary journals, this article demonstrates the course of the disease in the realia of occupied Lwiw, the presentation of the issue in the press, and methods of combatting the epidemic. Despite fears, death from typhus in occupied Lwiw was relatively small, which can probably be explained both by measures adopted and the functioning in that city of an institution producing an effective vaccine. The exception was the Jewish ghetto, where, as a result of deliberate Nazi policies, the disease caused an enormous number of deaths. Typhus was also an important element in Nazi propaganda, which is also reflected in the columns of the Lwiw press.
Polskie muzea w czasie pandemii COVID-19: działalność online i (nie)stosowanie Rapid Response Collecting
Authors: Petelska Michalina
Published: January 2022

Polish museums during the COVID-19 pandemic: Online activity and (non)application of Rapid Response Collecting

The subject of this article is Rapid Response Collecting (RRC) as one of the ways in which museums can operate in exceptional situations. Between 2020 and 2021, in Poland and all over the world, curators resorted to RRC in order to document – in live dialogue with society – the pandemic and social protests. The subject of RRC is barely present in the subject literature. This article gathers English-language scholarly literature from the USA and various European countries, and it analyzes cases of applying RRC in Polish museums during the COVID-19 epidemic. From the pandemic’s first weeks, numerous journalistic pieces (and sometime scholarly ones too) – about online activities of museums and other institutions have been published. Internet activities are seen as the first, most obvious, and even universal “cure” for all the difficulties of times of plague. The aim of this article is to present another way in which museums can react to dynamic changes in the surrounding world. In this article, RRC is also presented in the context of transformations taking place in the theory and practice of museum studies in the last few decades. The application of RRC is part of museum activity implemented according to the latest international definitions of a museum, both those in operation and those recommended.
Epidemie i pandemie w wybranych polskich podręcznikach szkolnych historii dla szkół średnich po 1989 r.
Authors: Kosznicki Michał
Published: January 2022

Epidemics and pandemics in selected Polish school history textbooks for secondary schools after 1989

The paper presents an analysis of the presentation of major epidemics (pandemics) in the history of mankind in Polish history textbooks for secondary schools published between 1989 and 2020. A qualitative study was carried out on a sample of forty-four textbooks and concerned issues such as: epidemics in antiquity, the so-called “Black Death’ from 1346 to 1353, epidemics in the New World during the period known as the Age of Discovery, and the Spanish flu (the Great Influenza Epidemic) of 1918–1920. This analysis made it possible to formulate conclusions: 1) the medieval “Black Death” epidemic of the XIVth century was presented most fully, both in terms of content and diversity of coverage. This is understandable because of the scale, significance, geographical proximity, and strong roots of this phenomenon in history-teaching literature. “The Black Death” was shown with a broad consideration of the genesis of the phenomenon and its multidirectional demographic, social and economic consequences; 2) the epidemics that took place in the period of antiquity were only to a small extent reflected in the textbooks analyzed. The exception are textbooks by Marek Ziółkowski (editions 1999 and 2002), in which epidemics from the times of the Roman Empire are described in greater detail; 3) in the case of the XVIth-century epidemics from the New World, as well as the Spanish flu, the school reader received what was definitely elementary information, which was not always accurate and precise, without references to the latest scholarly findings; 4) elements of teaching support (maps, tables, illustrations) appeared mainly in the contents dedicated to the “Black Death” and, to a lesser extent, to the XVIth-century epidemics on the American continent; 5) in the textbooks analyzed, there was no clear variation in the way the above-mentioned phenomena were presented in the course of the period discussed.
Hybrid materials precursor to natural bentonite in the decontamination of Alizarin Yellow from aqueous solutions
Authors: Malsawmdawngzela Ralte , Sarikokba  , Thanhmingliana  , Tiwari Diwakar , Lee Seung Mok
Published: January 2022

The present study aims to investigate the insights of Alizarin Yellow removal by hybrid materials precursor to natural bentonite. The hybrid materials employed are bentonite modified with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA) (BnH) and aluminium pillared HDTMA bentonite (BnAH). Surface morphology of materials are obtained with scanning electron microscopy-Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX). The batch reactor operations conducted in the removal of Alizarin Yellow by these solids for various parametric studies which enabled to deduce the mechanism involved at solid/solution interface. Sorption capacity and selectivity was increased significantly using hybrid materials in the removal of AY. Hybrid materials showed very high removal capacity of AY and apparently unaffected at varied pH (4.0−10.0) and sorptive concentrations 1.0 to 25.0 mgL-1. Kinetic studies indicated that an apparent equilibrium occurred within 5–10 min of contact and the kinetic data was better fitted to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The percent removal of AY was not affected by increasing the background electrolyte (NaCl) concentration to 0.1 molL-1 and in presence of several co-existing ions. It is revealed that the hybrid materials are found more organophilic and AY molecule bound with strong forces at the surface of hybrid materials.
Effects of illumination time on biological community of algal-bacterial granules and lipid content
Authors: Xi Limeng , Huang Wenli , Sun Binbin , Meng Fansheng , Gu Shiguo
Published: January 2022

Synthetic wastewater was used to culture granular sludge for 21 weeks at three sequencing batch reactor activated sludge process (SBR) under different photoperiods. The growth of algae changed granular oxygen distribution, which affected the composition of microbial communities. Different photoperiods were able to alter the formation of granular sludge and the microbial community granules. In short photoperiod (12 h/d) sludge could generate symbiotic algae-bacteria granules in the SBR. By contrast, the long photoperiod (24 h/d) promotes the growth of algae and Ascomycota early, and then inhibits algae, especially chlorophyta (only 1.18%). In the end, algae-bacteria-fungi granules were formed in long photoperiod (LP). By GC-MS and model calculation, the lipid content of algae-bacteria granules was 33.71% more than that of pure aerobic granular sludge. However, the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in algae-bacteria granules was as high as 43%, resulting in the quality of biodiesel prepared from algae-bacteria granule being slightly worse than that prepared from pure aerobic granular sludge. But both of them were better than biodiesel prepared from pure algae. The biodiesel content of algae-bacteria granule in short photoperiod (SP) and LP were 68.79 and 70.66 mg/g, respectively, which was better than that of pure aerobic particles (52.30 mg/g). Therefore, the formation of algae-bacteria granules is an effective way to remove nutrients and reduce harvesting costs.
SO SÁNH ỨNG XỬ CÁC DẠNG GỐI CON LẮC MA SÁT SỬ DỤNG TRONG KẾT CẤU CÁCH CHẤN
Authors: NAM NGUYỄN VĂN
Published: January 2022

Sử dụng ba dạng gối con lắc ma sát trong kỹ thuật cách chấn đáy đã trở nên phổ biến trong những năm gần đây. Hiệu quả giảm chấn của những dạng gối này đã được đánh giá rất tích cực trong nhiều nghiên cứu trước đây. Trong bài báo này, hiệu quả giảm chấn của từng dạng gối được đánh giá và được so sánh với nhau. Một mô hình một chiều (1D) cho kết cấu nhà 5 tầng được cách chấn bằng việc sử dụng từng dạng gối con lắc ma sát chịu động đất được đề xuất. Kết quả phân tích những mô hình này chịu 07 băng gia tốc nền với những tính chất khác nhau đã tìm ra ứng xử của kết cấu trong từng trường hợp. Thông qua kết quả này, nghiên cứu đã chỉ ra những ưu điểm và hạn chế của mỗi dạng gối. Nó giúp cho những nhà thiết kế có thêm cơ sở để lựa chọn gối thích hợp cho thiết kế kháng chấn.
The Effect of Information sharing and Inventory Management in the Supply Chain Practices on Firms’ Performance: Empirical Evidence from Some Selected Companies of Ethiopia
Authors: Gebisa Diriba Ayele , Ram Tika
Published: January 2022

The objective of this paper is to investigate empirically the effect of information
sharing and inventory management practice on firms’ performance. To achieve the
stated objective the study targeted supply chain practices of some companies operating
in Ethiopia. Data were collected from 170 respondents including employees,
suppliers, and distributors of the companies under investigation. Before the analysis
of data, the accuracy of data entry, the existence of missing values, normality of data
distribution and outliers checked and proved the nonexistence of serious issues. The
specified objective and proposed hypotheses in this study tested by structural equation
modelling (SEM). The result shows information sharing and inventory management
practices have a direct and significant effect on the firm’s performance. Similarly, the
higher share of information leads to better inventory management practice, which in
turn leads to a greater performance of firms. The study concludes that information
sharing has both direct and indirect effects on a firm's performance in the supply chain
practices; whereas inventory management practices have a direct effect on the firm's
performance. Generally, the results of the study have major theoretical and practical
implications. Theoretically, it offers concrete evidence on the significant effects of
information sharing and inventory management in the supply chain practices on firm’s
performance in developing countries; and hence contributes to the scarce body of
literature and reduces the gaps of knowledge in the developing countries on the
specified area of study. Besides the theoretical implication, practically the study
allows the companies and industries under the considerations to recognize the
significant effects of information sharing and inventory management practices on
firm’s performance and to use this information to develop and enhance culture of
information sharing and usage of sound inventory management techniques in the
supply chain practices for the enhancement of organizational performance.