bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The renal effects of SGLT2 inhibitors and a mini-review of the literature
Authors: Andrianesis Vasileios , Glykofridi Spyridoula , Doupis John
Published: November 2016

Sodium-glucose linked transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a new and promising class of antidiabetic agents which target renal tubular glucose reabsorption. Their action is based on the blockage of SGLT2 sodium-glucose cotransporters that are located at the luminal membrane of tubular cells of the proximal convoluted tubule, inducing glucosuria. It has been proven that they significantly reduce glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), along with fasting and postprandial plasma glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The glucosuria-induced caloric loss as well as the osmotic diuresis significantly decrease body weight and blood pressure, respectively. Given that SGLT2 inhibitors do not interfere with insulin action and secretion, their efficacy is sustained despite the progressive β-cell failure in T2DM. They are well tolerated, with a low risk of hypoglycemia. Their most frequent adverse events are minor: genital and urinal tract infections. Recently, it was demonstrated that empagliflozin presents a significant cardioprotective effect. Although the SGLT2 inhibitors’ efficacy is affected by renal function, new data have been presented that some SGLT2 inhibitors, even in mild and moderate renal impairment, induce significant HbA1c reduction. Moreover, recent data indicate that SGLT2 inhibition has a beneficial renoprotective effect. The role of this review paper is to explore the current evidence on the renal effects of SGLT2 inhibitors.
The effect of 5E-learning model supported with WebQuest media on students’ achievement and satisfaction
Authors: Şahin Semsettin MS , Baturay Meltem Huri
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this research study is to investigate the effect of the 5E-learning model supported with WebQuest media on the achievement and satisfaction of students. Therefore, two groups of students were compared in an experimental research design model. The experimental group was exposed to the 5E-learning model supported with WebQuest media; the control group was exposed to only the 5E-learning model in the classroom. The study was carried out with 104 students at a K12 school in Turkey, in the 2010–2011 spring semester. Of 104 students, 52 were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups, respectively. The data were collected through an achievement test and a scale. The findings indicated that the 5E-learning model supported with WebQuest media promotes students’ learning and the instruction provided through this environment satisfies students, particularly the female ones. It is suggested that, considering the significant difference between the groups of students in terms of their achievement and the positive effect of WebQuest on students’ learning, WebQuest may be embedded into teaching. High satisfaction levels of the students with the WebQuest intervention is expected to contribute to students’ motivation, which also positively affects their learning.
Individual Differences in Auditory Brainstem Response Wave Characteristics
Authors: Verhulst Sarah , Jagadeesh Anoop , Mauermann Manfred , Ernst Frauke
Published: November 2016

Little is known about how outer hair cell loss interacts with noise-induced and age-related auditory nerve degradation (i.e., cochlear synaptopathy) to affect auditory brainstem response (ABR) wave characteristics. Given that listeners with impaired audiograms likely suffer from mixtures of these hearing deficits and that ABR amplitudes have successfully been used to isolate synaptopathy in listeners with normal audiograms, an improved understanding of how different hearing pathologies affect the ABR source generators will improve their sensitivity in hearing diagnostics. We employed a functional model for human ABRs in which different combinations of hearing deficits were simulated and show that high-frequency cochlear gain loss steepens the slope of the ABR Wave-V latency versus intensity and amplitude versus intensity curves. We propose that grouping listeners according to a ratio of these slope metrics (i.e., the ABR growth ratio) might offer a way to factor out the outer hair cell loss deficit and maximally relate individual differences for constant ratios to other peripheral hearing deficits such as cochlear synaptopathy. We compared the model predictions to recorded click-ABRs from 30 participants with normal or high-frequency sloping audiograms and confirm the predicted relationship between the ABR latency growth curve and audiogram slope. Experimental ABR amplitude growth showed large individual differences and was compared with the Wave-I amplitude, Wave-V/I ratio, or the interwave I– W latency in the same listeners. The model simulations along with the ABR recordings suggest that a hearing loss profile depicting the ABR growth ratio versus the Wave-I amplitude or Wave-V/I ratio might be able to differentiate outer hair cell deficits from cochlear synaptopathy in listeners with mixed pathologies.
Iran Oil Production, Investment Policy, International Sanctions and P5 + 1 Deal with Iran, 2006–2015
Authors: Hassani Mohammad
Published: November 2016

This article examines main factors that determined Iran’s oil production and investment policy between 2006 and 2015 based on the quarterly data for Iran oil production and oil export that has been showing negative and zero growth rate due to international sanctions. Though in some of Iran’s oil sector the sanctions were waived and exempted from under Iran Sanction Act (ISA), Iran was not able to fulfill foreign investment contracts even though the nuclear deal has removed legal obstacles for increasing production of oil and bringing investments in the petroleum sector.
Distension of the Medial Collateral Ligament Bursa of the Knee With Possible Bursitis
Authors: Li Tony Y.
Published: November 2016

The bursitis of the medial collateral ligament (MCL) of the knee is the inflammatory distension of the bursa located between the superficial and deep portions of MCL. Five cases with sonographic findings of suspected MCL bursitis were reviewed. All five cases had fluid collection with distinct and smooth borders between the superficial and deep portions of the MCL. Two of them had the fluid adjacent to the tibia; two of them adjacent to the femur; and one of them spanning the joint. Four of the five patients without recognizable knee injury history and middle third meniscal tear excluded the possibility of injury-related fluid collection. Hence, MCL bursitis is the possible diagnosis. One young adult with a recent knee injury also had a tear in the meniscofemoral ligament of the deep portion of the MCL. The distension of the bursa was interrupted by and directly connected to the tear of the meniscofemoral ligament. Therefore, it is part of the injury but not bursitis. This report describes sonographic characteristics of MCL bursitis that may assist in the diagnosis and differentiate it from other medial knee conditions.
An association of particulate air pollution and traffic exposure with mortality after lung transplantation in Europe
Authors: Ruttens David , Verleden Stijn E. , Bijnens Esmée M. , Winckelmans Ellen , Gottlieb Jens , Warnecke Gregor , Meloni Federica , Morosini Monica , Van Der Bij Wim , Verschuuren Erik A. , Sommerwerck Urte , Weinreich Gerhard , Kamler Markus , Roman Antonio , Gomez-Olles Susana , Berastegui Cristina , Benden Christian , Holm Are Martin , Iversen Martin , Schultz Hans Henrik , Luijk Bart , Oudijk Erik-Jan , Kwakkel-van Erp Johanna M. , Jaksch Peter , Klepetko Walter , Kneidinger Nikolaus , Neurohr Claus , Corris Paul , Fisher Andrew J. , Lordan James , Meachery Gerard , Piloni Davide , Vandermeulen Elly , Bellon Hannelore , Hoffmann Barbara , Vienneau Danielle , Hoek Gerard , de Hoogh Kees , Nemery Benoit , Verleden Geert M. , Vos Robin , Nawrot Tim S. , Vanaudenaerde Bart M.
Published: November 2016

Air pollution from road traffic is a serious health risk, especially for susceptible individuals. Single-centre studies showed an association with chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) and survival after lung transplantation, but there are no large studies.

13 lung transplant centres in 10 European countries created a cohort of 5707 patients. For each patient, we quantified residential particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤10 µm (PM10) by land use regression models, and the traffic exposure by quantifying total road length within buffer zones around the home addresses of patients and distance to a major road or freeway.

After correction for macrolide use, we found associations between air pollution variables and CLAD/mortality. Given the important interaction with macrolides, we stratified according to macrolide use. No associations were observed in 2151 patients taking macrolides. However, in 3556 patients not taking macrolides, mortality was associated with PM10(hazard ratio 1.081, 95% CI 1.000–1.167); similarly, CLAD and mortality were associated with road lengths in buffers of 200–1000 and 100–500 m, respectively (hazard ratio 1.085– 1.130). Sensitivity analyses for various possible confounders confirmed the robustness of these associations.

Long-term residential air pollution and traffic exposure were associated with CLAD and survival after lung transplantation, but only in patients not taking macrolides.
European Respiratory Society guidelines for the diagnosis of primary ciliary dyskinesia
Authors: Lucas Jane S. , Barbato Angelo , Collins Samuel A. , Goutaki Myrofora , Behan Laura , Caudri Daan , Dell Sharon , Eber Ernst , Escudier Estelle , Hirst Robert A. , Hogg Claire , Jorissen Mark , Latzin Philipp , Legendre Marie , Leigh Margaret W. , Midulla Fabio , Nielsen Kim G. , Omran Heymut , Papon Jean-Francois , Pohunek Petr , Redfern Beatrice , Rigau David , Rindlisbacher Bernhard , Santamaria Francesca , Shoemark Amelia , Snijders Deborah , Tonia Thomy , Titieni Andrea , Walker Woolf T. , Werner Claudius , Bush Andrew , Kuehni Claudia E.
Published: November 2016

The diagnosis of primary ciliary dyskinesia is often confirmed with standard, albeit complex and expensive, tests. In many cases, however, the diagnosis remains difficult despite the array of sophisticated diagnostic tests. There is no “gold standard” reference test. Hence, a Task Force supported by the European Respiratory Society has developed this guideline to provide evidence-based recommendations on diagnostic testing, especially in light of new developments in such tests, and the need for robust diagnoses of patients who might enter randomised controlled trials of treatments. The guideline is based on pre-defined questions relevant for clinical care, a systematic review of the literature, and assessment of the evidence using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach. It focuses on clinical presentation, nasal nitric oxide, analysis of ciliary beat frequency and pattern by high-speed video-microscopy analysis, transmission electron microscopy, genotyping and immunofluorescence. It then used a modified Delphi survey to develop an algorithm for the use of diagnostic tests to definitively confirm and exclude the diagnosis of primary ciliary dyskinesia; and to provide advice when the diagnosis was not conclusive. Finally, this guideline proposes a set of quality criteria for future research on the validity of diagnostic methods for primary ciliary dyskinesia.
Serum YKL-40 as predictor of outcome in hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Authors: Long Xiaoping , He Xuan , Ohshimo Shinichiro , Griese Matthias , Sarria Rafael , Guzman Josune , Costabel Ulrich , Bonella Francesco
Published: November 2016

YKL-40, a chitinase-like protein mainly secreted by macrophages, neutrophils and epithelial cells, is increased in patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia and sarcoidosis. We aimed to investigate the role of YKL-40 as a biomarker in hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP).

72 HP patients, 100 interstitial lung disease (ILD) controls and 60 healthy controls were studied. YKL-40 was measured by ELISA in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) at baseline and follow-up. The relationship between YKL-40 levels, clinical variables and disease outcome was evaluated.

Baseline serum YKL-40 levels were significantly higher in HP patients than in healthy controls (p<0.001), but lower than in patients with other ILDs. Baseline BALF YKL-40 levels in HP patients were the highest among ILD patients. In HP patients, serum YKL-40 correlated with the diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide at baseline (p<0.01) and over time (p<0.001). HP patients whose disease progressed or who died had higher baseline YKL-40 levels than those who remained stable and survived (p<0.001). At a cut-off of 119 ng·mL−1, the baseline serum YKL-40 level predicted disease progression (hazard ratio 6.567; p<0.001), and at a cut-off of 150 ng·mL−1was associated with mortality (hazard ratio 9.989; p<0.001).

Serum YKL-40 may be a useful prognostic biomarker in HP patients.
Integration of actomyosin contractility with cell-cell adhesion during dorsal closure
Authors: Duque Julia , Gorfinkiel Nicole
Published: November 2016

In this work, we combine genetic perturbation, time-lapse imaging and quantitative image analysis to investigate how pulsatile actomyosin contractility drives cell oscillations, apical cell contraction and tissue closure during morphogenesis of the amnioserosa, the main force-generating tissue during the dorsal closure in Drosophila. We show that Myosin activity determines the oscillatory and contractile behaviour of amnioserosa cells. Reducing Myosin activity prevents cell shape oscillations and reduces cell contractility. By contrast, increasing Myosin activity increases the amplitude of cell shape oscillations and the time cells spend in the contracted phase relative to the expanded phase during an oscillatory cycle, promoting cell contractility and tissue closure. Furthermore, we show that in AS cells, Rok controls Myosin foci formation and Mbs regulates not only Myosin phosphorylation but also adhesion dynamics through control of Moesin phosphorylation, showing that Mbs coordinates actomyosin contractility with cell-cell adhesion during amnioserosa morphogenesis.
Exon- and contraction-dependent functions of titin in sarcomere assembly
Authors: Shih Yu-Huan , Dvornikov Alexey V. , Zhu Ping , Ma Xiao , Kim Maengjo , Ding Yonghe , Xu Xiaolei
Published: November 2016

Titin-truncating variants (TTNtvs) are the major cause of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM); however, allelic heterogeneity (TTNtvs in different exons) results in variable phenotypes, and remains a major hurdle for disease diagnosis and therapy. Here, we generated a panel of ttn mutants in zebrafish. Four single deletion mutants in ttn.2 or ttn.1 resulted in four phenotypes and three double ttn.2/ttn.1 mutants exhibited more severe phenotypes in somites. Protein analysis identified ttnxu071 as a near-null mutant and the other six mutants as hypomorphic alleles. Studies of ttnxu071 uncovered a function of titin in guiding the assembly of nascent myofibrils from premyofibrils. By contrast, sarcomeres were assembled in the hypomorphic ttn mutants but either became susceptible to biomechanical stresses such as contraction or degenerated during development. Further genetic studies indicated that the exon usage hypothesis, but not the toxic peptide or the Cronos hypothesis, could account for these exon-dependent effects. In conclusion, we modeled TTNtv allelic heterogeneity during development and paved the way for future studies to decipher allelic heterogeneity in adult DCM.
Direct Measurement and Quantification of Drugs and Their Metabolites in Urine by MALDI-MS Using Zeolite
Authors: Kitaoka Chihiro , Asano Takashi , Fujino Tatsuya
Published: November 2016

A complex of α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA) and zeolite was used as the matrix for the analysis of drugs and their metabolites in urine by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). It was found that acetaminophen (AAP) and its metabolites could be detected in urine without any pretreatment or separation process. It was also found that the hydrolysis of one of the metabolites, glucuronide, was promoted when a mixture of urine and the developed matrix was heated at 343 K for 15 minutes. Because of the homogeneous distribution of CHCA on the zeolite surface, high reproducibility of the analyte peak intensity was achieved. By using isotope-labeled acetaminophen (D4-AAP) as the internal standard, quantitative analysis of AAP in urine from a donor who took 300 mg of AAP four hours before was performed, and 5.29 ± 0.19 mg of AAP was detected in 1.00 g of urine.
Thin Film Properties of Ammonium Sulfonate Ionic Liquids Having a Long Alkyl Chain
Authors: Kondo Hirofumi , Hatsuda Kouki , Tano Nobuo , Baghel Pankaj , Noguchi Takeshi
Published: November 2016

New well-lubricated ILs including ammonium sulfonate having a long alkyl chain have been developed. The materials based on ammonium sulfonate have a higher ΔpKa between the Brønsted acid and the Brønsted base of the salts and do not decompose even at 300 °C, making them more thermally stable than the perfluoropolyether (PFPE). Therefore, octadecyl ammonium sulfonates have a lower frictional coefficient on the carbon overcoat film even after heat treatment at high temperatures. The ILs are adsorbed on the media surface with high orientation. The alkyl chains of the C16 and C18 sulfonates in the bulk have a trans conformation, nevertheless, the films have a gauche conformation. A sufficient length of the hydrocarbon chain leads to both macro and micro-friction reductions. Dimethyl ammonium sulfonate has sufficient solubility in fluorinated solvent, which may make commercial applications possible.
Musculoskeletal Overuse Injuries in the Pediatric Population
Authors: Magrini Danielle , Dahab Katherine S.
Published: November 2016

In pediatric patients, musculoskeletal overuse injuries are common clinical complaints. Recently, the number of youth who are engaged in formal competition has increased. A National Council of Youth Sports survey found that 60 million children aged 6 to 18 yr participate in some form of organized athletics. Surveillance reporting systems, such as the National High School Sports-Related Injury Surveillance System and the High School Reporting Information Online (high school RIO), an Internet-based sports injury surveillance tool, have suggested an increase in the rates of overuse injuries. This article will focus on potential risk factors for overuse injuries, including those that are intrinsic and extrinsic in youth athletes. We also make note of some of the more common overuse injuries seen in the outpatient clinical setting, their diagnoses, and treatment based on current evidence-based literature.
A Critical Review of the Incidence and Risk Factors for Finger Injuries in Rock Climbing
Authors: Jones Gareth , Johnson Mark I.
Published: November 2016

Rock climbing is a popular sporting activity and indoor sport climbing has been accepted for inclusion in the 2020 Olympic Games. The aim of this article is to critically review research on the incidence and risk factors associated with injuries during rock climbing. A semisystematic approach in reviewing literature on incidence and prevalence was applied. Articles were identified after searches of the following electronic databases: Discover, Academic Search Complete (EBSCO), PubMed, Embase, SPORTDiscus, and ScienceDirect. Despite methodological shortcomings of the studies contained within the review, the frequency of climbing-related injuries is high and can be challenging to diagnose. The fingers are the most common site of injury with previous injury a significant risk factor for reinjury. The annular pulleys of the fingers are the most commonly injured structure and evidence suggests epiphyseal fractures in adolescent sport climbers is increasing. A diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm for climbing-related finger injuries is proposed.
Water Polo Injuries and Training Methods
Authors: Spittler Jack , Keeling James
Published: November 2016

Water polo is a unique team sport combining swimming sprints and eggbeater kicking, frequent overhead movements and throwing, and regular physical contact with minimal protective equipment. Accordingly, a wide variety of training methods attempt to enhance all of these skill sets. This usually includes some combination of aerobic/anaerobic fitness (via swimming), sport-specific skills, strengthening, and nutrition. In addition, injuries in water polo are somewhat diverse. Physical contact is responsible for the majority of acute injuries, most frequently being injuries to the head and face. The high prevalence of shoulder pain in water polo is likely related to increased shoulder mobility and subsequent instability and stress on shoulder structures, yet the underlying causation is not certain. The unique aspect of shoulder injuries occurring in water polo players is that they may be due to a combination of swimming-related overuse conditions, overhead throwing, and acute trauma-related conditions. Although there is generally minimal evidence-based information available, this article attempts to highlight the current knowledge that we have in regard to water polo injuries and training methods.
Morel-Lavallée Lesion in Sports
Authors: Khodaee Morteza , Deu Rajwinder S. , Mathern Seth , Bravman Jonathan T.
Published: November 2016

Posttraumatic soft tissue swelling is a relatively common presenting complaint among athletes. Due to its broad differential diagnosis, a comprehensive evaluation beginning with history and physical examination are recommended. Imaging including radiography, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are preferred modalities. Aspiration of a fluid collection, preferably under ultrasound guidance, may help with the diagnosis and management of some of these conditions. Morel-Lavallée lesion (MLL) is an uncommon condition consisting of a closed degloving injury caused by forces that create pressure and shear stress between the subcutaneous tissue and the superficial fascia or bone. Most commonly, MLL is found over the greater trochanter and sacrum, but in rare cases can be found in other regions of the body. In most cases, concurrent severe injury mechanisms are present. Sports-related MLL are rare and underreported. Depending on the stage and type of MLL, therapeutic strategies may vary from compression wraps and aspiration to surgical evacuation.
Clinical Evaluation of the Adult Recreational Tennis Player
Authors: Changstrom Bradley , Jayanthi Neeru
Published: November 2016

Tennis is the most popular international racket sport with well-demonstrated health benefits. There are differences in injury patterns in elite and junior level tennis players compared with the adult recreational tennis player. The aim of this article was to review the medical and musculoskeletal evaluation of the adult recreational tennis athlete and review evidence-based guidelines for providers who encounter these athletes.
Rapid hyperspectral image classification to enable autonomous search systems
Authors: Bridgelall Raj , Rafert J. , Denver D. , Tolliver B. , Lee EunSu
Published: November 2016

The emergence of lightweight full-frame hyperspectral cameras is destined to enable autonomous search vehicles
in the air, on the ground and in water. Self-contained and long-endurance systems will yield important new applications,
for example, in emergency response and the timely identification of environmental hazards. One missing capability is rapid
classification of hyperspectral scenes so that search vehicles can immediately take actions to verify potential targets.
Onsite verifications minimise false positives and preclude the expense of repeat missions. Verifications will require
enhanced image quality, which is achievable by either moving closer to the potential target or by adjusting the optical
system. Such a solution, however, is currently impractical for small mobile platforms with finite energy sources. Rapid
classifications with current methods demand large computing capacity that will quickly deplete the on-board battery or fuel.
To develop the missing capability, the authors propose a low-complexity hyperspectral image classifier that approaches
the performance of prevalent classifiers. This research determines that the new method will require at least 19-fold less
computing capacity than the prevalent classifier. To assess relative performances, the authors developed a benchmark
that compares a statistic of library endmember separability in their respective feature spaces.
Child molesters’ cognitive distortions. Conceptualizations of the term.
Authors: Szumski Filip , Zielona-Jenek Monika
Published: November 2016

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie wyników analiz dotyczących sposobów definiowania i stosowania pojęcia zniekształceń poznawczych, w obszarze przestępczości seksualnej. Przeprowadzona analiza literatury obejmowała tematycznie uporządkowane propozycje teoretyczne, teksty polemiczne oraz badania weryfikujące empiryczną wartość poszczególnych konceptualizacji pojęcia. Pierwsze zastosowanie pojęcia zniekształceń poznawczych odwoływało się do teorii społecznego uczenia się w wyjaśnianiu zachowań antyspołecznych sprawców przestępstw seksualnych. Kolejni autorzy określali je jako manifestacje specyficznych ukrytych teorii sprawcy, sądy będące następstwem jego przekonań, wartości i działań, dysfunkcyjne schematy poznawcze, dewiacyjne czynności poznawcze oraz działania społeczne. Podstawowym zapleczem teoretycznym w opisie pojęcia była teoria poznania społecznego. Uzupełniano ją jednak także założeniami teorii psychoterapii poznawczej, teorii umysłu rozszerzonego i perspektywy psychologii dyskursywnej. Poszczególne koncepcje opisują zniekształcenia poznawcze odnosząc je do różnych klas zjawisk poznawczych: produktów, procesów i struktur. Tym, co je łączy jest niezgodność ich treści z normami społecznymi. Normatywny charakter nadany pojęciu prowadzi do wewnętrznych sprzeczności w obrębie koncepcji go opisujących, a używanie go do wyjaśniania zróżnicowanych procesów nadmiernie upraszcza obraz zjawiska. Należy zatem rozważyć zastąpienie terminu zniekształceń poznawczych pojęciami alternatywnymi i bardziej precyzyjnymi.
Negative experiences in childhood and the development and course of bipolar disorder
Authors: Jaworska-Andryszewska Paulina , Rybakowski Janusz
Published: November 2016

Celem artykułu jest przegląd badań dotyczących wpływu negatywnych doświadczeń w dzieciństwie na powstawanie i przebieg choroby afektywnej dwubiegunowej (ChAD) oraz omówienie mechanizmów z tym związanych. Negatywne doświadczenia w dzieciństwie mogące odgrywać istotną rolę w ChAD, to wydarzenia opisywane jako krytyczne i traumatyczne, do których należą doświadczenia wszelkiego rodzaju przemocy, bądź utraty rodzica lub rodziców w wyniku śmierci, samobójstwa, separacji, rozwodu lub długotrwałej rozłąki z rodzicem. Dotychczasowe badania wskazują, że osoby z ChAD częściej doświadczają negatywnych wydarzeń w dzieciństwie w porównaniu z dobranymi osobami z grupy kontrolnej. U osób z ChAD wydarzenia te mogą się wiązać z wcześniejszym początkiem choroby oraz cięższym jej przebiegiem, charakteryzującym się m.in. większą częstością nawrotów, zachowań samobójczych, nadużywania substancji psychoaktywnych oraz chorób somatycznych. W pracy przedstawiono możliwość specyficznego wpływu poszczególnych wydarzeń na obraz kliniczny ChAD. Mechanizmy wyjaśniające wpływ negatywnych wydarzeń okresu dzieciństwa na powstawanie i przebieg ChAD obejmują interakcję między predyspozycją biologiczną i czynnikami stresowymi, koncepcję kindlingu oraz aktywację negatywnych schematów poznawczych. Negatywne doświadczenia we wczesnych etapach życia wywołują uwalnianie oraz modyfikację ekspresji mediatorów stresu i neuroprzekaźników w pewnych obszarach mózgu. Wzajemne oddziaływanie tych mediatorów z rozwojem neuronów i sieci neuronowych może prowadzić do długotrwałych zmian strukturalnych i funkcjonalnych. Badania genetyki molekularnej wskazują na możliwość interakcji między czynnikami środowiskowymi (stresowymi), a polimorfizmem genów transportera serotoniny, czynnika neurotrofowego pochodzenia mózgowego (BDNF) oraz receptora toll-like (TLR2). Wysunięto również hipotezę, że doświadczenia dziecięce wpływają na metylację DNA, stanowiąc formę pamięci molekularnej i modyfikującą czynność mózgu przez następne dziesięciolecia.
Editorial
Authors: Dudek Dominika , Sobański Jerzy , Klasa Katarzyna
Published: November 2016

brak streszczenia
PTSD in victims of terroristic attacks – a comparison with the impact of other traumatic events on patients’ lives
Authors: Bossini Letizia , Ilaria Casolaro , Koukouna Despoina , Caterini Claudia , Olivola Miriam , Fagiolini Andrea
Published: November 2016

Cel

To identify possible differences, in terms of duration and severity of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, between victims of terroristic attacks and subjects who underwent other types of traumatic events.

Metoda

We selected a sample of subjects suffering from PTSD. After a clinical interview aimed at the collection of anamnestic data, CAPS to confirm the diagnosis of PTSD and DTS to assess frequency and severity of post-traumatic symptoms were administered. One-way ANOVA was used in order to compare the differences in the parameters analyzed through the DTS scales and its clusters between the victims of terroristic attacks and patients undergone other traumatic events.

Wyniki

The duration of PTSD was 258 +/- 144.9 months for people who underwent a terroristic attack and 41.6 +/- 11.8 months for victims of other traumatic events. As regards the severity of the disorder, the total score of the DTS scale was 65.6 +/- 26.9 in victims of terroristic attacks and 78.2 +/- 28.2 in people undergone other traumatic events, but the difference was not statistically significant; Avoidance and Hypervigilance clusters showed an important statistical significance.

Wnioski

No significant differences are present in terms of severity, showing that PTSD is a disabling disorder regardless the type of event that triggers it; but a significant difference in terms of duration of the disorder leads to reflect on the importance of an early diagnostic process aimed toward the victims of terrorism, in order to avoid the risk of chronicity and progression to other psychiatric disorders such as Depression.
The serum concentration of copper in bipolar disorder
Authors: Siwek Marcin , Styczeń Krzysztof , Sowa-Kućma Magdalena , Dudek Dominika , Reczyński Witold , Szewczyk Bernadeta , Misztak Paulina , Opoka Włodzimierz , Topór-Mądry Roman , Nowak Gabriel , Rybakowski Janusz
Published: November 2016

Cel pracy

Nieliczne doniesienia naukowe wskazują na zmiany stężenia miedzi w surowicy u osób z chorobą afektywną dwubiegunową (ChAD), jednak dane te są niejednoznaczne. Celem badania było przeprowadzenie oceny stężeń miedzi w surowicy krwi pacjentów znajdujących się w różnych fazach choroby dwubiegunowej w porównaniu do grupy zdrowych ochotników, z uwzględnieniem specyficznych cech klinicznych oraz stopnia zaawansowania choroby.

Metoda

Do badania zakwalifikowano 133 pacjentów z rozpoznaniem ChAD (typ I, II i BNO), w tym 61 osób w epizodzie depresji, 23 osoby w stanie maniakalnym lub hipomaniakalnym i 49 pacjentów w stanie remisji. Grupa kontrolna liczyła 50 osób. Pomiaru stężenia miedzi dokonano metodą atomowej spektrometrii absorpcyjnej.

Wyniki

Nie stwierdzono istotnych statystycznie różnic w zakresie stężenia miedzi w surowicy pomiędzy pacjentami znajdującymi się w poszczególnych fazach ChAD (mania/hipomania, depresja, remisja), z rożnymi podtypami ChAD (typ I, typ II+ BNO), czy też w różnych stadiach zaawansowana choroby (staging), a grupą zdrowych ochotników. Stężenie miedzi u pacjentów znajdujących się w stadium 1 było jednak istotnie statystycznie wyższe w porównaniu do pozostałych pacjentów, znajdujących się w bardziej zaawansowanych fazach choroby (stadium 2+3+4), (β =0,22; p=0,02). Ponadto stężenie miedzi było tym wyższe im późniejszy był wiek zachorowania (β =0,33; p<0,001) oraz tym niższe im więcej było przebytych epizodów choroby (β =-0,23; p=0,02), (model regresji wielorakiej, adj R2=0,19, p=0,0001).

Wnioski

Przedstawione powyżej zależności mogą odzwierciedlać procesy patofizjologiczne zachodzące w przebiegu ChAD (takie jak np. reakcja zapalna oraz stres oksydacyjny) i osiągające różną intensywność w zależności od jej zaawansowania.
Step into the shoes of St Nicholas
Authors: Neville Sarah
Published: November 2016

The government has asked settings to promote British values; these lend themselves to activities that are linked to the life of the man who inspired the Father Christmas legend.
Christmas Egg Box craft ideas
Authors: Francis-Pester Dawn
Published: November 2016

In this article, Dawn Francis-Pester takes a seasonal look at the some great practical, affordable activities that will help brighten your home during the Christmnas period.
Supporting challenge
Authors: Martland Rebecca
Published: November 2016

Following on from last month's article, about the need for childminders to embrace the concept of healthy risk, we offer a number of practical examples to get you started.
A sense of entitlement
Authors: Webb Penny
Published: November 2016

To read recent reports on early years education you would think that all young children attend nurseries, but childminders will play a key role in delivering the 30 hours offer.
See things on a different level
Authors: Garner Lynne
Published: November 2016

Technology has made photography easy to access for almost everyone, which is great for childminders who can engage children and gain an insight into how they see the world.
The yummiest taste of success
Authors: Ward Sue
Published: November 2016

In the sixth of a series of extracts from The Early Years Gardening Handbook by Sue Ward (Practical Pre-School Books) we share scrumptious ways to enjoy the fruits of our labour.
Incontinence-associated dermatitis: not to be ignored
Authors: Payne Drew
Published: November 2016

Incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) is more than just a rash—it is a painful condition that significantly impacts on a resident's quality of life. In this article, Drew Payne explains the importance of continence care, and how to prevent and treat IAD in the care home
Medicines management in people with dysphagia
Authors: Patel Krupa
Published: November 2016

People with dysphagia, or swallowing difficulties, often struggle to take tablets. In this article, Krupa Patel discusses the importance of good quality prescribing with older people, helping avoid issues, such as crushing pills, when caring for someone with dysphagia
The value of storytelling for people living with dementia
Authors: Mendes Aysha
Published: November 2016

Storytelling and life story work offer a huge number of potential benefits to people living with dementia. In the final article in this series, Aysha Mendes discusses how this form of person-centred care can help people reconnect with those around them
YOPEY Befrienders: the teenage volunteers at care homes
Authors: Gearing Tony
Published: November 2016

Young People of the Year is a charity helping sixth form students volunteer at their local care home. In this article, Tony Gearing, founder of the charity, explains what these teenagers are doing to improve the quality of life for people living with dementia
How to RSVP to an employee's reference request
Authors: Richardson Philip
Published: November 2016

Providing a reference for a former employee is not without a surprising number of pitfalls. Philip Richardson discusses the legal duties and obligations that an employer is under when they are asked for a reference
Where employers go wrong: common pitfalls to avoid
Authors: Bernstein Adam
Published: November 2016

Employees can make or break a care home, depending on how they are treated. Adam Bernstein discusses how care home managers can avoid the pitfalls leading to disgrunted employees, and gives advice on motivating staff to want to go the extra mile
Key CQC inspection questions: is your care home responsive?
Authors: Teed David
Published: November 2016

One of the five key questions CQC inspectors ask when assessing a care home is ‘Is it responsive?’. In this article, David Teed explains how business continuity planning can help show that a home is ready, should the worst happen
Findings from the State of Health and Adult Social Care report
Authors: Frankova Helena
Published: November 2016

CQC's report on The state of health and adult social care in England 2015/6 (1) gives a rich but mixed picture. In this article, Helena Frankova gives an overview of the highlights and unpicks the lessons that can be learnt by home owners and managers
Making a visible difference in the care we provide
Authors: Ashurst Adrian
Published: November 2016

Customer service is an area where businesses constantly slip up. Consultant Editor Adrian Ashurst discusses the importance of good customer service and provides tips on improving how a care home is seen by service users and their families
Variability in Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor Alpha Antibody Specificity May Impact Clinical Utility of Immunohistochemistry Assays
Authors: Holzer Timothy R. , O’Neill Reising Leslie , Credille Kelly M. , Schade Andrew E. , Oakley Gerard J.
Published: November 2016

Aberrant regulation of the receptor tyrosine kinase platelet-derived growth factor alpha (PDGFRα) is implicated in several types of cancer. Inhibition of the PDGFRα pathway may be a beneficial therapy, and detection of PDGFRα in tumor biopsies may lead to insights about which patients respond to therapy. Exploratory or clinical biomarker use of PDGFRα IHC has been frequently reported, often with polyclonal antibody sc-338. An sc-338-based assay was systematically compared with anti-PDGFRα rabbit monoclonal antibody D13C6 using immunoblot profiling and IHC in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded human tumor cell lines. Application of sc-338 to blots of whole cell lysates showed multiple bands including some of unknown origin, whereas application of D13C6 resulted in a prominent band at the expected molecular mass of PDGFRα. The IHC assay using D13C6 showed appropriate staining in cell lines, whereas the assay using sc-338 suggested nonspecific detection of proteins. An optimized IHC assay using D13C6 showed a range of staining in the tumor stromal compartment in lung and ovarian carcinomas. These observations suggest that use of clone sc-338 produced unreliable results and should not be used for an IHC research grade assay. In addition, this precludes its use as a potential antibody for a clinical diagnostic tool.
Is Chineseness too big for China? Chineseness in negotiation in minoritarian practices of Organhaus art space
Authors: You Mi
Published: November 2016

This article aims to bring to light the heterogeneity and nomadic character of ‘Chineseness’ by mapping the curatorial practice of the Chongqing-based art space Organhaus. Their curatorial projects involving Xinjiang and Iran shall be examined through the lens of ‘minoritarian practice’, which at the same time affords a tool for unpacking the notion of Chineseness as related to empire, state and in an inter-Asian context. It shall be argued that it is through minoritarian practices that negotiation and actualization of Chineseness emerge.
Research praxis in drawing: The visible and the invisible ‘Chineseness’ – an exploration through Chinese language and the matriarchal writing script, nüshu
Authors: Lo Yuen-Yi
Published: November 2016

Drawing is the core of my practice. While drawing may have appeared ‘secondary’ in the western fine arts tradition, its ‘marginal’ status intrigues me. To draw through appropriating some gendered Chinese characters and a dying ‘secret’ matriarchal script nüshu, my practice is deliberate and exploratory. Working with the symbolic Chinese signs into undefined graphs and representations, I have attempted to break away from the original registrations; employing nüshu, a set of inventive writing script practiced by some women as opposed to the official language, I have examined possibilities of articulating outside the dominant culture and language of man. My ‘Chineseness’ may manifestly be ‘visible’, its ‘invisibility’ yet lies beyond the visible. It is through acts of repeated drawing and its extended manifestations that the body of work is evolving and developing. My exploration through language has led me realize that drawing, being a practice, also acts as a strategy to ‘uncover’ something that are ‘lost’ or ‘forgotten’.
Ai Weiwei’s exhibition On the Table 2014/2015 in Barcelona: A review in light of its local media reception
Authors: Manonelles Moner Laia
Published: November 2016

Ai Weiwei is one of the artists with greater relevance outside China. In Spain, he is one of the Chinese artists to have attained more visibility with the media and art centres, as exemplified by the first exhibition Resistencia y tradición/Resistance and Tradition at the Andalusian Contemporary Art Centre of Seville (2013), and with On the Table: Ai Weiwei at the Palau the la Virreina in Barcelona (2014–2015). It is worth noting that both exhibitions by Ai Weiwei have become the most visited in the history of the aforementioned institutions. With the aim to expand on the reception of the prolific and heterogeneous trajectory of Ai Weiwei in Spain, I will analyse the exhibition’s discourse of On the Table and its impact on the local and national media. The article will take into account the political aims of the Palau de la Virreina’s director in relating Ai Weiwei’s public persona with the political message that the Catalan institutions wished to convey in connection with the right to self-determination for Catalonia and the terms of their relationship with the Spanish state. The Palau de la Virreina opted for an artist who symbolizes – in the western media – the fight for democracy and freedom of speech. In order to delve deeper into such ideas, I will focus on the controversies and expectations that Ai Weiwei generates as an artist, as well as his role as a political activist.
‘Chineseness’ in contemporary art discourse and practice: Negotiating multiple agencies, localities and vocalities
Authors: Koch Franziska
Published: November 2016

This editorial contextualizes the theme of 'Chineseness' in contemporary art discourse and practice and explains how the eight (peer reviewed) scholarly articles, two artist contributions and one exhibition review respond to various constructions of ‘Chineseness’ explored in connection with competing, conflicting or supplementing agencies, localities and vocalities in the field of art. Methodologically, the pluralist approaches are motivated in light of the global turn in art history and related disciplines that have fostered a critical, epistemologically conscious transcultural approach in recent years. The issue’s insightful contributions present the result of selected and revised proceedings of the international symposium (In) direct speech. ‘Chineseness’ in contemporary art discourse and practice. Art market, curatorial practices and creative processes that took place at Lisbon University’s Faculty of Fine Arts in 2015 and discussed transculturality in connection with contemporary Chinese art. Taking together, the case studies address three overlapping aspects of ‘Chineseness’ as a) constituted in curatorial practices and institutional politics of display, b) created by individual artists and their invention or negotiation of Chinese (premodern) ‘traditions’, and c) a methodological challenge for art history given underlying, often invisible epistemological conditions and confinements.
Frankenstein’s monster as translation: Articulations of artistic creativity, individuality and freedom of expression
Authors: Aggeklint Eva
Published: November 2016

This article presents an interpretation of conceptual artist Qiu Zhen’s photographic work Me and My Bride: Satan’s Wedding No. 5 (2008) within the theoretical framework of Homi K. Bhabha’s Third Space. Because of its hybrid status and the work’s subtle likeness to certain visual elements related with the story of Frankenstein the interpretation is closely connected to that narrative. More specifically, the article uses this particular literary-photographical and cross-cultural panorama to explore artistic creativity, individuality and freedom of expression as articulated in this conceptual and postmodern work that was produced in the wake of preparing for the 2008 Olympic Games. The article further explores how something foreign like Frankenstein may engage with ‘Chineseness’ and how ‘Chineseness’ may be emphasized through the usage of something foreign. Thus this article approaches the concept of ‘Chineseness’ as a wearer of a foreign coat, negotiating the hybrid as a highly performative but softly speaking political product on the Chinese art scene.
The Taiwanese artist Mei Dean-E and the concept of Chineseness
Authors: Laureillard Marie
Published: November 2016

The artist Mei Dean-E (born in 1954) constantly questions the identity of Taiwan and especially of its Chinese component. In an era of de-Sinicization of Taiwan, to which Chineseness does this second-generation mainlander refer? Mei Dean-E, a Dada and Pop Art artist, challenging mental habits through a deconstruction of signs and symbols, gives multi-layered answers. I will argue that he never gives up his emotional relationship to Chinese culture and reinvents a form of Chineseness which is much more related with personal feelings than with official slogans or international opinions.
Constraints between picture and painting: Some considerations at a distance
Authors: Derby Moyra
Published: November 2016

This article considers a series of constraints active in the abrasive interface between picture and painting. The term constraint is used in reference to Margaret Boden’s research into the computational mechanisms underlying creativity, constraints understood as productive limits that test a given field or convention. The space between picture and painting is full of strongly defended divisions, and inevitable overlaps, and it can be a cluttered and contentious field for a practitioner to negotiate. The aim is in part to bypass an oppositional mindset that cuts off descriptive and imitative impulses for painting and picture from abstract positions and to access the constructed forms of pictorial convention by a different route. In order to avoid a dead-end opposition, a distance from painting and picture is established through a close examination of an early artefact of mark making and counting in the form of a small clay ball called a bulla. Dating from around 3500 bce, the bulla reference depends on the archaeological research of Denise Schmandt-Besserat and on a description by Georges Ifrah as a key example in the development of numeration. The bulla is identified as a point where distinctions between number, word, object and picture are not fixed and their interdependencies are clear and productive. In this article the particular qualities of the bulla facilitates thoughts about three interlocking terms: likeness, representation and depiction. Each term is addressed in turn, framed as ‘testing likeness’, ‘retaining representation’ and ‘the material requirements of depiction’, and each is considered through processes of recognition and resemblance. This is informed by writing on painting’s mimetic and materially specific art history, including James Elkins, Michael Podro, Georges Didi-Huberman, W. J. T. Mitchell, Michael Baxandall and Jacques Rancière. Likeness is rephrased by a consideration of analogy, and the conceptual testing involved, opening a space between the notion of likeness and visual resemblance. Representation is thought through the processes of correspondence and reiteration, and the associations of both presence and displacement. Depiction is embedded into its material conditions and the circumstances of recognition that evokes. All three terms are considered as key to the constraints between painting and picture, even when functioning as exclusions.