bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of a Text Messaging–Based Educational Intervention on Cesarean Section Rates Among Pregnant Women in China: Quasirandomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Su Yanfang , Heitner Jesse , Yuan Changzheng , Si Yafei , Wang Dan , Zhou Zhiying , Zhou Zhongliang
Published: September 2020

Background

Consensus exists that appropriate regional cesarean rates should not exceed 15% of births, but China’s cesarean rate exceeds 50% in some areas, prompting numerous calls for its reduction. At present, China’s 2016 two-child policy has heightened the implications of national cesarean section trends.

Objective

This study leveraged pervasive cellular phone access amongst Chinese citizens to test the effect of a low-cost and scalable prenatal advice program on cesarean section rates.

Methods

Participants were pregnant women presenting for antenatal care at a clinic in Xi’an, China. Assignment was quasirandomized and utilized factorial assignment based on the expecting mother’s birthday. Participants were assigned to one of the following four groups, with each receiving a different set of messages: (1) a comparison group that received only a few “basic” messages, (2) a group receiving messages primarily regarding care seeking, (3) a group receiving messages primarily regarding good home prenatal practices, and (4) a group receiving text messages of all groups. Messages were delivered throughout pregnancy and were tailored to each woman’s gestational week. The main outcome was the rates of cesarean delivery reported in the intervention arms. Data analysts were blinded to treatment assignment.

Results

In total, 2115 women completed the trial and corresponding follow-up surveys. In the unadjusted analysis, the group receiving all texts was associated with an odds ratio of 0.77 (P=.06), though neither the care seeking nor good home prenatal practice set yielded a relevant impact. Adjusting for potentially confounding covariates showed that the group with all texts sent together was associated with an odds ratio of 0.67 (P=.01). Notably, previous cesarean section evoked an odds ratio of 11.78 (P<.001), highlighting that having a cesarean section predicts future cesarean section in a subsequent pregnancy.

Conclusions

Sending pregnant women in rural China short informational messages with integrated advice regarding both care-seeking and good home prenatal practices appears to reduce women’s likelihood of undergoing cesarean section. Reducing clear medical indications for cesarean section seems to be the strongest potential pathway of the effect. Cesarean section based on only maternal request did not seem to occur regularly in our study population. Preventing unnecessary cesarean section at present may have a long-term impact on future cesarean section rates.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02037087; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02037087.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

RR2-10.1136/bmjopen-2015-011016
Effects of Different Telemonitoring Strategies on Chronic Heart Failure Care: Systematic Review and Subgroup Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ding Hang , Chen Sheau Huey , Edwards Iain , Jayasena Rajiv , Doecke James , Layland Jamie , Yang Ian A , Maiorana Andrew
Published: September 2020

Background

Telemonitoring studies in chronic heart failure are characterized by mixed mortality and hospitalization outcomes, which have deterred the uptake of telemonitoring in clinical practice. These mixed outcomes may reflect the diverse range of patient management strategies incorporated in telemonitoring. To address this, we compared the effects of different telemonitoring strategies on clinical outcomes.

Objective

The aim of this systematic review and subgroup meta-analysis was to identify noninvasive telemonitoring strategies attributing to improvements in all-cause mortality or hospitalization outcomes for patients with chronic heart failure.

Methods

We reviewed and analyzed telemonitoring strategies from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing telemonitoring intervention with usual care. For each strategy, we examined whether RCTs that applied the strategy in the telemonitoring intervention (subgroup 1) resulted in a significantly lower risk ratio (RR) of all-cause mortality or incidence rate ratio (IRR) of all-cause hospitalization compared with RCTs that did not apply this strategy (subgroup 2).

Results

We included 26 RCTs (N=11,450) incorporating 18 different telemonitoring strategies. RCTs that provided medication support were found to be associated with a significantly lower IRR value than RCTs that did not provide this type of support (P=.01; subgroup 1 IRR=0.83, 95% CI 0.72-0.95 vs subgroup 2 IRR=1.02, 95% CI 0.93-1.12). RCTs that applied mobile health were associated with a significantly lower IRR (P=.03; IRR=0.79, 95% CI 0.64-0.96 vs IRR=1.00, 95% CI 0.94-1.06) and RR (P=.01; RR=0.67, 95% CI 0.53-0.85 vs RR=0.95, 95% CI 0.84-1.07).

Conclusions

Telemonitoring strategies involving medication support and mobile health were associated with improvements in all-cause mortality or hospitalization outcomes. These strategies should be prioritized in telemonitoring interventions for the management of patients with chronic heart failure.
Feasibility of Using a Single Heart Rate–Based Measure for Real-time Feedback in a Voluntary Deep Breathing App for Children: Data Collection and Algorithm Development (Preprint)
Authors: Petersen Christian L , Görges Matthias , Todorova Evgenia , West Nicholas C , Newlove Theresa , Ansermino J Mark
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND

Deep diaphragmatic breathing, also called belly breathing, is a popular behavioral intervention that helps children cope with anxiety, stress, and their experience of pain. Combining physiological monitoring with accessible mobile technology can motivate children to comply with this intervention through biofeedback and gaming. These innovative technologies have the potential to improve patient experience and compliance with strategies that reduce anxiety, change the experience of pain, and enhance self-regulation during distressing medical procedures.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this paper was to describe a simple biofeedback method for quantifying breathing compliance in a mobile smartphone app.

METHODS

A smartphone app was developed that combined pulse oximetry with an animated protocol for paced deep breathing. We collected photoplethysmogram data during spontaneous and subsequently paced deep breathing in children. Two measures, synchronized respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSAsync) and the corresponding relative synchronized inspiration/expiration heart rate ratio (HR-I:Esync), were extracted from the photoplethysmogram.

RESULTS

Data collected from 80 children aged 5-17 years showed a positive RSAsync effect in all participants during paced deep breathing, with a median (IQR; range) HR-I:Esync ratio of 1.26 (1.16-1.35; 1.01-1.60) during paced deep breathing compared to 0.98 (0.96-1.02; 0.82-1.18) during spontaneous breathing (median difference 0.25, 95% CI 0.23-0.30; P<.001). The measured HR-I:Esync values appeared to be independent of age.

CONCLUSIONS

An HR-I:Esync level of 1.1 was identified as an age-independent threshold for programming the breathing pattern for optimal compliance in biofeedback.
DISASTER VICTIM IDENTIFICATION (DVI) TRAINING FOR MEDICAL STUDENT
Authors: Ismail Taufik Suryadi , Syarifudin Kulsum Binti
Published: September 2020

Background: Disaster victim identification (DVI) is a process of identifying the victim who died due to the disaster. Deaths due to disasters can be classified as victims of open disasters and victims of closed disasters. In the open disasters the process of identification is more difficult. Based on regulation of law in Indonesia, the identification is intended to fulfil human rights to identity, dignity and social status, autonomy rights such as inheritance, marital status, religion, insurance or other legal and social issues. Aims: The purpose of this curriculum study is to provide an overview of the DVI training process for medical students. Curriculum Discussion: Given the importance of the identification process it is necessary to be included in the medical education curriculum. The DVI training to identify victims of mass disasters uses the DVI Interpol standard. Faculty of Medicine Universitas Syiah Kuala has conducted training and simulations of DVI for medical student since 2009 until 2019. A total of 1995 students in this period have participated in the training. The DVI training for medical students is very needed as an addition to the competence of doctors in the field of disaster management. Conclusion: By joining this training, medical students have sufficient medical skills to assist in the process of DVI.
Association of VA Payment Reform for Dialysis with Spending, Access to Care, and Outcomes for Veterans with ESKD
Authors: Wang Virginia , Swaminathan Shailender , Corneau Emily A. , Maciejewski Matthew L. , Trivedi Amal N. , O’Hare Ann M. , Mor Vincent
Published: September 2020

Background and objectives

Because of the limited capacity of its own dialysis facilities, the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Veterans Health Administration routinely outsources dialysis care to community providers. Prior to 2011—when the VA implemented a process of standardizing payments and establishing national contracts for community-based dialysis care—payments to community providers were largely unregulated. This study examined the association of changes in the Department of Veterans Affairs payment policy for community dialysis with temporal trends in VA spending and veterans’ access to dialysis care and mortality.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

An interrupted time series design and VA, Medicare, and US Renal Data System data were used to identify veterans who received VA–financed dialysis in community-based dialysis facilities before (2006–2008), during (2009–2010), and after the enactment of VA policies to standardize dialysis payments (2011–2016). We used multivariable, differential trend/intercept shift regression models to examine trends in average reimbursement for community-based dialysis, access to quality care (veterans’ distance to community dialysis, number of community dialysis providers, and dialysis facility quality indicators), and 1-year mortality over this time period.

Results

Before payment reform, the unadjusted average per-treatment reimbursement for non–VA dialysis care varied widely ($47–$1575). After payment reform, there was a 44% reduction ($44–$250) in the adjusted price per dialysis session (P<0.001) and less variation in payments for dialysis ($73–$663). Over the same time period, there was an increase in the number of community dialysis facilities contracting with VA to deliver care to veterans with ESKD from 19 to 37 facilities (per VA hospital), and there were no changes in either the quality of community dialysis facilities or crude 1-year mortality rate of veterans (12% versus 11%).

Conclusions

VA policies to standardize payment and establish national dialysis contracts increased the value of VA–financed community dialysis care by reducing reimbursement without compromising access to care or survival.
The Incidence, Risk Factors, and Prognosis of Acute Kidney Injury in Adult Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Cheng Yichun , Luo Ran , Wang Xu , Wang Kun , Zhang Nanhui , Zhang Meng , Wang Zhixiang , Dong Lei , Li Junhua , Zeng Rui , Yao Ying , Ge Shuwang , Xu Gang
Published: September 2020

Background and objectives

Since December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak occurred and has rapidly spread worldwide. However, little information is available about the AKI in COVID-19. We aimed to evaluate the incidence, risk factors, and prognosis of AKI in adult patients with COVID-19.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

This was a retrospective cohort study of 1392 patients with COVID-19 admitted to a tertiary teaching hospital. Clinical characteristics and laboratory data were extracted from electronic hospitalization and laboratory databases. AKI was defined and staged according to the 2012 Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes criteria. Risk factors for AKI and the association of AKI with in-hospital mortality were assessed.

Results

A total of 7% (99 of 1392) of patients developed AKI during hospitalization, 40% (40 of 99) of which occurred within 1 week of admission. Factors associated with a higher risk of AKI include severe disease (odds ratio [OR], 2.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.37 to 3.67), higher baseline serum creatinine (OR, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.17 to 4.11), lymphopenia (OR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.12 to 3.53), and elevated D-dimer level (OR, 2.68; 95% CI, 1.07 to 6.70). The in-hospital mortality in patients with AKI stage 1, stage 2, and stage 3 was 62%, 77%, and 80%, respectively. AKI was associated with in-hospital mortality even after adjustment for confounders (OR, 5.12; 95% CI, 2.70 to 9.72).

Conclusions

AKI is uncommon but carries high in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19.
Urban Environmental Design, Guidelines in Creating a Balanced Singapore: Lessons for the Urban Communities in Thailand
Authors: Pachankoo Maneerat , Shen Zhongwei
Published: September 2020

Singapore has many limited resources. But at the same time can develop the country and preserve the environment of the city in a balanced and sustainable way. Therefore, the design of the city on this issue of Singapore is being taken to study the guidelines, as well as bringing the ideas to be presented to the urban communities that are experiencing environmental problems. Thailand has considered applying, and from the study found that Singapore’s urban development is consistent with universal theory, sustainable development, Smart City, compact city and livable city. And when analyzing these theories together with Singapore’s urban environment design, can summarize the guidelines into 4 main issues which are the Guidelines for balancing the city, the Guidelines for linking areas and activities within the city, the Guidelines for land using and urban planning, and the Guidelines for designing landscape elements that promote the good environment in the city. Moreover, building confidence by creating a sense of the country ownership together, as well as the state and the people participation in the development process is an important factor that makes Singapore a fast urban development among the “Good urban environment”.
Complicaciones postquirúrgicas de colecistectomía laparoscópica, Hospital Traumatológico Dr. Ney Arias Lora, junio 2018-junio 2019
Authors: Henríquez Jiménez Adia Victoria , Peña Rodríguez Raybelin , Peña Lorenzo Mary Elissanny , Hernández Castillo Younine , Montesano Jiménez Yordano , Sánchez Orbe Jorge Octavio , Ibarra Lesma Victoria de los Ángeles
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: determinar la frecuencia y causas de complicaciones postquirúrgicas de colecistectomía laparoscópica, en el Hospital Traumatológico Doctor Ney Arias Lora, junio 2018 - junio 2019.

Método: se realizó un estudio de tipo observacional descriptivo, de corte transversal

y de fuente retrospectiva, cuya población fue de 617 pacientes, de los cuales solo 19 presentaron complicaciones, representando la muestra de este estudio. Los datos fueron procesados utilizando el sistema Epi-Info 7.0.

Resultados: de 617 pacientes en cuales se realizó una colecistectomía laparoscópica, 19 presentaron complicaciones, para una tasa de 3.1 %; el estudio demostró que el sexo más afectado es el femenino entre los y 26-30 años.

El tipo de complicación postquirúrgica más frecuente fueron las hemorragias causando un 33 % de las complicaciones, seguidas por náuseas y/o vómitos con un 21 % de las mismas.

Conclusión: el estudio demuestra que, dentro de las complicaciones principales de colecistectomías laparoscópicas, las hemorragias ocupan el primer lugar, representando un 33 % de las complicaciones, seguidas por un 21 % de náuseas y/o vómitos y, en tercer lugar, la ictericia y la omoalgia con 17 % cada una.
Caracterización clínica, endoscópica e histológica del cáncer colorrectal en un grupo de pacientes cubanos
Authors: Estrada-Pablos José Gabriel , Pastrana-Lugo Celia María , Izquierdo-González Marlen , Alonso-Soto Jordi , Jauregui-Haza Ulises
Published: September 2020

Introducción: el cáncer colorrectal representa el tercero en incidencia en ambos sexos a nivel mundial, por ellos es importante realizar estudios epidemiológicos del mismo.

Objetivo: caracterizar clínica, endoscópica e histológicamente el cáncer colorrectal en pacientes atendidos en el Centro de Investigaciones Médico Quirúrgicas, Cuba.

Métodos: estudio observacional, descriptivo y retrospectivo a 52 pacientes (31 hombres y 21 mujeres) con cáncer colorrectal diagnosticados entre 2012 y 2014. Se recolectaron los datos de historias clínicas y estudios endoscópicos, imagenológicos y anatomopatológicos. La media de edad fue 66,73 años.

Resultados: el antecedente y/o presencia de pólipos en el colon predominó con 55.8 %. La enterorragia se presentó en 38.5 %, la oclusión intestinal y el dolor abdominal en 17.3 %. Durante la colonoscopia, se encontró el 47.7 % con lesión ulcerada y el lugar más comprometido fue el colon descendente. El adenocarcinoma se encontró en 90.4 % de los pacientes.

Conclusiones: los antecedentes personales de pólipos colorrectales, el hábito de fumar, la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y la obesidad fueron los factores de riesgo más encontrados. La forma de presentación más frecuente fue la enterorragia, seguida por la oclusión intestinal y las regiones del colon más afectadas fueron la descendente y la ascendente, respectivamente. El diagnóstico histológico fue en el mayor de los casos un adenocarcinoma. Existe una mayor frecuencia del diagnóstico en etapas avanzadas de la enfermedad.
The general characteristics of the plowing lands birds’ population during the breeding period in Upper part of Angara region
Authors: Yuancheng Bu , Kuznetsova Daria V. , Salovarov Viktor O. , Glyzina Anna Yu.
Published: September 2020

The results of birds investigations on the most disturbed agricultural territories (plowing lands) are represented for breeding period. General indicators characterized different birds populations of plowing lands are given (density of birds populations, number of species and list of species, leaded in population of each variant of plowing lands). It is determined, that birds populations of examined lands are differ significantly. The leaders in population for many birds populations are Passer montanus (Linnaeus, 1758), Alauda arvensis (Linnaeus, 1758), Corvus corone (Linnaeus, 1758), Anthus richardi (Vieillot, 1818). The birds populations are formed for a not long period, theirs structure is defined by plowing lands sizes and degree of mosaic and the character of neighboring territories.
THE PROBLEM OF MEANING OF LAW IN A DIGITAL SOCIETY
Authors: Gavrilova Yulia A.
Published: September 2020

The article is devoted to the evolution of law in a digital society in a semantic approach. The rapid development of digital technologies is characterized by contradictory trends. The new technical and technological reality can be terminal for the development of society if people entrust themselves to a "digit" and will not reasonably and responsibly organize their social relations in terms of legal regulation. A more humane version is to consider digital models as a tool for solving social problems. In this way, law should acquire the quality of the main tool of such transformations and along with new functions; those functions are expert-analytical, forecasting, priority adaptation, standardization of technological control. The problem of meaning of law in a digital society can be attributed to most important problems. It covers a wide range of debatable issues: the relation-ship between the real and the virtual in law, consideration of artificial intelligence as a possible subject of law, distinction between truth and plausibility in law, se-miotic nature and methodology of cognizing the meaning of law in the world of signs, symbols, codes, etc. The purpose of the article is to formulate the author's view on the dynamics of the laws meaning in a digital society from the point of view of ontology, epistemology, methodology and applied aspect of knowledge. Research methods: formal legal, analysis, interpretation, forecasting, and modeling. The results of the study. In a digital society, law is being transformed into digital semiotic and augmented reality, with technology as an integral part of it. In these conditions, law, according to author, will preserve the regulatory and value potential for human society on condition that software machine codes are integrated into the human environment, and used to the benefit of a human being. There-fore, the traditional procedures of law-making, interpretation, concretization, application of law and dynamic meaning-making will remain relevant; by analogy with them, the software allowing to interact with the machine will be created and developed. The article arrives at the concludion that cognition of the meaning of law in a digital society rests in the search for the truth: law is a human reality and scientific and technological progress is evaluated in compliance with it.
EFFECTIVENESS OF PIANO VIRTUAL MEDIA ON THE PGSD STUDENTS RETENTION IN BASIC PIANO THEORY
Authors: Akmal Rudi , Ginanjar Ani Yanti , Shintawati Euis
Published: September 2020

This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of virtual piano media on PGSD students' memory on scale material. This study used a quasi-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design method. This study did not use a comparison class but already used a preliminary test so that the effectiveness of virtual piano media can be ascertained with certainty. In this study, the research subjects were first given a pretest to determine the extent of students' understanding before being given treatment using virtual piano media. The subjects in this study were 35 students. This research uses to test and non-test instruments. The non-test form includes distributing questionnaires. The data analysis technique used a parametric test for N-gain improvement and Paired Samples Test SPSS Version 25. The results proved that there was a significant difference between the pretest score and the posttest score after treatment with a 2-tailed sign value of 0.000 ≤ 0.05. Then there is a significant increase in the memory of students who use learning with virtual piano media rather than direct learning. It can be seen that learning with Virtual Piano Media provides a significant increase with an average N-gain of 0.72 and is included in the high category.
Maximize concurrent data flows in multi-radio multi-channel wireless mesh networks
Authors: Cao Zhanmao , Huang Qisong , Wu Chase
Published: September 2020

Multi-radio multi-channel (MRMC) wireless mesh networks (WMNs) have emerged as the broadband networks to provide access to the Internet for ubiquitous computing with the support for a large number of data flows. Many applications in WMNs can be abstracted as a multi-flow coexistence problem to carry out multiple concurrent data transfers. More specifically, links in different channel layers must be concatenated to compose multiple data transfer paths based on nodes? free interfaces and available channels. This is typically formulated as a combinatorial optimization problem with various stages including channel assignment, path computing, and link scheduling. This paper analyzes traffic behaviors and designs a coexisting algorithm to maximize the number of concurrent data flows. Simulations are conducted in combinatorial cases of channel and radio with various traffic requests of multiple pairs. The experimental results show the efficacy of the coexisting algorithm over a randomly generated topology. This scheme can be used to develop routing and scheduling solutions for various multi-flow network applications through prior computing.
Rysslands hanterande av sin intressesfär i Sydkaukasien
Authors: Hedenskog Jakob
Published: September 2020

Abstract: Russia’s operationalization of a sphere of interest in the South CaucasusA central foreign policy objective of Russia is to maintain an exclusive sphere of interest in its post-Soviet neighbourhood. This article analyses how Russia employs a combination of political and military instruments in operationalizing its perceived sphere of interest in the still conflict-ridden South Caucasus. Russia is the only external power in the region to have military bases there, and is the only one seemingly ready to undertake military action. At present, Russia appears satisfied with the status quo in the South Caucasus. The unresolved conflicts in Abkhazia, South Ossetia and Nagorno-Karabakh are therefore unlikely to be resolved in the near future. Unresolved conflicts suit Russia’s objectives. Russian military bases in Georgia and Armenia provide Moscow with both a key lever against Tbilisi and Yerevan and a structural advantage for potential Russian military operations in the region. Russia’s military posture in the Caucasus is relevant to the potential for large-scale conflict in the Southern war theatre, including the wider Middle East, and not just local conflicts in the Caucasus.
Möjligheter och begränsningar för EU:s aktörskap i södra Kaukasus
Authors: Anderlini Michel
Published: September 2020

Abstract: EU Actorness in the South Caucasus: Possibilities and LimitationsDespite significant institutional changes and refinements since its creation in 2004, the ENP (European Neighborhood Policy) remains a major tool available to the EU for providing incentives for reform and stability in non-member states through the diffusion of its norms and rules. Earlier studies, drawing on the Europeanization conceptual framework, have been mostly concerned about how and by which mechanisms compliance with EU rules takes place, rather than focusing on whether and to what extent it occurs. By contrast, this article assesses the actorness of the EU in three countries of the South Caucasus (Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan), viewing actorness as composed of three dimensions – capability, opportunity, and presence – enabling and constraining the aspirations of the EU to be an international actor in the South Caucasus.
PELANGGARAN HAK KEKEBALAN TERHADAP GEDUNG PERWAKILAN DIPLOMATIK
Authors: Era Daniati Ni Putu
Published: September 2020

Violation of the rights and immunity of a diplomat is a violation of International Law. The occurrence of violations committed by diplomatic officials is due to misuse of duties and authority carried out by diplomatic officials themselves. Immunity and diplomatic privileges are rooted in international law so that those who have the right to give and take it off are subject to international law. Immune dating can only be carried out by the sending country which is the agency that is authorized to abandon the duties of the diplomatic official himself. Immunity and privilege of diplomatic officials do not have to be done by the head of the recipient country.
Volume 2 Issue 1 April 2020
Authors: Redaksi Dewan
Published: September 2020

Volume 2 Issue 1 April 2020
PERSEFEKTIF IN HUMAN TRAFFICKING CRIME LAW NUMBER 39 OF 1999 ON HUMAN RIGHTS CASE AGAINST CHILD TRAFFICKING IN MEDAN
Authors: Putu Ayu Dewi Ida Monika
Published: September 2020

Laws are the norms that govern all human actions that can be done and should not be carried out both written and unwritten and have sanctions, so that the entry into force of these rules can be forced or coercive and binding for all the people of Indonesia. The most obvious form of manifestation of legal sanctions appear in criminal law. In criminal law there are various forms of crimes and violations, one of the crimes listed in the criminal law, namely the crime of Human Trafficking is often perpetrated against women and children. Human Trafficking is any act of trafficking offenders that contains one or more acts, the recruitment, transportation between regions and countries, alienation, departure, reception. With the threat of the use of verbal and physical abuse, abduction, fraud, deception, abuse of a position of vulnerability, example when a person has no other choice, isolated, drug dependence, forest traps, and others, giving or receiving of payments or benefits women and children used for the purpose of prostitution and sexual exploitation. These crimes often involving women and children into slavery. Trafficking in persons is a modern form of human slavery and is one of the worst forms of violation of human dignity (Public Company Act No. 21 of 2007, on the Eradication of Trafficking in Persons). Crime human trafficking crime has been agreed by the international community as a form of human rights violation.
IMPLIKASI YURIDIS JUAL BELI TANAH ADAT MELALUI PERJANJIAN DIBAWAH TANGAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF UNDANG-UNDANG POKOK AGRARIA
Authors: Ayu Widiadnyani I Gusti , Artha Windari Ratna , Sudiatmaka Ketut
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui implikasi yuridis perjanjian jual beli tanah adat melalui kesepakatan dibawah tangan dalam perspektif Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1960 dan untuk mengetahui kekuatan pembuktian perjanjian jual beli tanah dibawah tangan apabila terjadi sengketa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini adalah metode penelitian hukum normatif. Di dalam penelitian ini pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan perundang-undangan (Statute Approach), dan pendekatan konseptual (Conseptual Approach). Sumber bahan hukum yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum skunder dan bahan hukum tersier. Analisis bahan hukum dilakukan secara deskriptif selanjutnya data yang telah diperoleh disusun secara sistematis, kemudian ditarik kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implikasi yuridis perjanjian jual beli tanah adat melalui kesepakatan dibawah tangan menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1960 adalah jual beli tanah yang dilakukan dibawah tangan (tanpa akta Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah) tetaplah sah, karena sudah terpenuhinya syarat sahnya jual beli menurut pasal 5 Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1960 yaitu syarat materiil yang bersifat tunai, terang dan riil. Selain itu juga jual beli tersebut sudah memenuhi syarat jual beli menurut Pasal 1320 Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata syarat sahnya perjanjian. Kekuatan pembuktian perjanjian jual beli tanah dibawah tangan apabila terjadi sengketa yaitu berdasarkan akta dibawah tangan yang telah memperoleh legalisasi dari Notaris membantu Hakim dalam hal pembuktian, yang tertuang dalam Pasal 15 ayat (2) Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2014. Untuk memiliki kekuatan pembuktian yang paripurna pembeli dapat memperkuat bukti kepemilikan setelah terjadi jual beli dengan pensertifikatan berdasarkan Pasal 19 ayat (2) huruf c UUPA dan Pasal 32 ayat (1) PP Nomor 24 Tahun 1997 sebagai tanda bukti hak yang berlaku dan sebagai alat pembuktian yang kuat.
PENEGAKAN PELANGGARAN KEDAULATAN OLEH PESAWAT SIPIL ASING DI WILAYAH YURISDIKSI NASIONAL
Authors: Yunitasari Desi
Published: September 2020

Pengakuan dunia terhadap wilayah udara sebagai bagian dari kedaulatan negara memberikan legitimasi yang kuat bagi Indonesia sebagai suatu negara yang luas. Namun kondisi ini dapat berubah manakala Indonesia tidak mampu menguasai wilayah kedirgantaraannya sebagai penopang ekonomi dan pertahanan nasional. Ditambah dengan masalah pelanggaran batas kedaulatan yang sering dilakukan oleh pesawat militer negara asing. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengidentifikasi tiga permasalahan, yaitu (1) bagaimana konsep kedaulatan negara di ruang udara menurut hukum internasional dan peraturan perundangan nasional, (2) apa saja bentuk pelanggaran kedaulatan negara di ruang udara nasional, dan (3) bagaimana upaya penegakan atas pelanggaran kedaulatan negara di ruang udara nasional dalam menjaga pertahanan negara. hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa (1) baik hukum internasional dan peraturan perundangan nasional telah mengukuhkan kedaulatan negara di ruang udara yang bersifat penuh dan utuh (complete and exclusive), (2) sejumlah insiden pelanggaran izin masuk dan melintasnya pesawat-pesawat asing ke wilayah udara Indonesia, di mana kebanyakan dari pesawat asing tersebut adalah pesawat militer, dan (3) upaya penegakan atas pelanggaran kedaulatan di wilayah ruang udara nasional, antara lain penegakan hukum terhadap pelanggaran wilayah udara kedaulatan NKRI. Sehingga kedaulatan adalah otoritas tertinggi yang dimiliki oleh negara. Dalam kedaulatan diputuskan berisi hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan kekuasaan dan tanggung jawab untuk wilayah negara
The origins of the teacher’s worldview, culture and ethics formation in northern Russia
Authors: Nikolaeva Alla Dmitrievna , Bugaeva Aya Petrovna , Shadrina Sofia Nikolaevna , Marfusalova Venera Petrovna
Published: September 2020

The relevance of this study is due to the question of the teacher’s worldview culture and ethics formation while nurturing the human capital in the conditions of Northern Russia. The study aims to identify the value foundations that underlie the ethno-pedagogical experience of generations. The study identifies and justifies the origins of the teacher’s philosophical culture and ethics formation and the value foundations that underlie the ethno-pedagogical experience, which ensures the transfer of spiritual and moral experience from generation to generation. The results of the study can be useful for school and university teachers, who can influence the formation of the students’ (future teachers’) ethics and worldview culture. The findings may also help predict trends in the development of teacher training system in modern conditions.
Language Learning Motivation: A Comparative Study between English and Mandarin Language Learners
Authors: Kamaruddin Siti Faridah , Ling Ting Hie , Nazamud-Din Aisyah
Published: September 2020

English as a Second Language (ESL) is a term which is broadly used in Malaysia’s educational system. Mandarin, on the other hand, is only used among Chinese community and not many non-Chinese know and use Mandarin language as their communication tools among themselves. However, due to the rapid development of economy in China, the interest in Mandarin language learning is becoming prominent. In Malaysia, a country which has developed a tight diplomatic and economic relationship with China since 1976, the interest in learning Mandarin as a Foreign Language (MFL) among the non-Chinese learners is also growing where there is a quantum leap of Mandarin learners at tertiary level (Teow, Ismail, Foo & Ho, 2016). Students in Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) are offered with both English as a Second Language (ESL) and Mandarin as a Foreign Language (MFL) courses. It means that students must learn English and Mandarin simultaneously especially for Diploma students and Degree students. Understanding how the motivation to learn each language might vary within a certain socio-political context is worth exploring, as it may help lecturers working within that context to motivate their students to learn the language more effectively. Moreover, it is reasonable to assume that the different languages learned might trigger different emotional responses from learners (Humphreys & Spratt. 2008). In relation to this, it is important to examine the differences of students’ ESL and MFL learning motivation. This study employed a quantitative research design which emphasized on data collection from students who studied ESL and MFL.
İkinci Yabancı Dil Olarak Almanca Eğitiminde Öğrenme Stillerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: EREN Bahar , KÖKSAL Handan
Published: September 2020

Araştırmanın amacı, 2016-2017 eğitim öğretim yılında Edirne il merkezindeki
özel bir okulda L3 (Almanca) dersi gören 4., 5. ve 6. sınıf öğrencilerinin (n=111)
öğrenme stillerini belirlemektir. Öncelikle L3 öğrenen öğrencilerin L1
(Türkçe), L2 (İngilizce) öğrenme stilleri belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Araştırmada,
öğrenme stili kavramı L1, L2 ve L3’de nedir? sorusunun yanıtı aranmıştır. Bu
araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden durum çalışması deseninden
yararlanılmıştır. Öğrencilere yönelik çalışmada Aşkar ve Akkoyunlu (1993) tarafından
Türkçeye uyarlanan “Kolb Öğrenme Stilleri Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Öğrencilerle
ayrıca bireysel ve odak grup görüşmeleri yapılıp, öğrenci ürünleri öğrenme
stilleri açısından incelenmiştir. Okuldaki, bir Türkçe, bir İngilizce ve bir
Almanca öğretmeniyle bireysel görüşmeler de yapılmıştır. Ölçekten elde edilen
veriler L1, L2 ve L3’ün birbirlerine olan etki alanları açısından nitel ve
nicel olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmada öğrencilerin L1, L2 ve L3
derslerinde benzer öğrenme stili özellikleri gösterdikleri sonucuna
ulaşılmıştır.
Climate Change and Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
Authors: Kapitsa L. M.
Published: September 2020

The effects of climate change are becoming increasingly pronounced and powerful, taking on an alarming scale and imposing enormous economic and human costs on humanity. However, the burden of these costs is unevenly distributed with the poorest and most vulnerable bearing the heaviest toll. Such a situation requires specific and targeted measures, if the humanity seriously intends to meet the goals of International Sustainable Development Strategy. This is an unprecedented challenge to humanity not only because of the size of financial resources needed to be mobilized, but also because of the tension between socio-economic and political short, mid and long-term goals and aims, tension between the needs to ensure a rapid and quantitative economic growth and the needs to reduce mass poverty and social inequality. The article attempts to review policies and measures undertaken by governments and civil society groups to resolve the above tensions by developing integrative adaptation policies and measures, which allow to simultaneously address the problems of environment degradation, natural disaster risks and socio-economic development. It focuses on most vulnerable segments of population: self-employed and employees of micro, small and medium enterprises, both formal and informal. The article highlights prevailing world-wide trends in disaster risk management and risk reduction efforts and tries to identify most innovative and effective programs, which could be adjusted to specific conditions of Russia.
Ways to improve tax administration of major taxpayers of oil and gas sector
Authors: Ovchar O.V.
Published: September 2020

Subject. Under rapid changes in the external economic environment, new forms and methods of State regulation of oil and gas industries, especially, improving the taxation and tax regulation instruments become relevant.
Objectives. The study aims to provide an original interpretation of methods of improving the tax administration of major taxpayers in the oil and gas sector applied at the present stage.
Methods. I employ normative and holistic approaches to examine taxation efficiency in the oil and gas sector, general scientific and special methods of scientific cognition, i.e. retrospective, system analysis, observation, classification, instrumental methods of grouping, sampling, comparison and synthesis, as well as evolutionary and dynamic analysis.
Results. I consider basic problems and solutions in the sphere of tax administration of major taxpayers of Russian oil and gas industries. The paper offers a package of measures and recommendations aimed at improving the efficiency of tax regulation, underpins the applied approach to tax administration of organizations operating in the oil and gas sector.
Conclusions and Relevance. Our country needs a comprehensive program for tax administration of the entire technological cycle: from upstream operations to full-scale import substitution of consumer goods.
The technological transformation of Russia's industrial sectors: Difficulties and prospects
Authors: Smirnova O.P. , Ponomareva A.O.
Published: September 2020

Subject. The article focuses on contemporary trends in the industrial and socio-economic development of Russia during the technological transformation of its sectors. Objectives. The study is an attempt to analyze what opportunities and difficulties may arise for the development of the industrial sectors in Russia. We also examine the dynamics of key development indicators of the industrial sectors, point out inhibitors of their competitiveness. Methods. The methodological framework comprises general methods of systems, structural-functional and comprehensive approaches to analyzing economic phenomena. We applied graphic, economic-statistical methods of research, conventional methods of grouping, comparison and generalization, and the logic, systems and statistical analysis. Results. We display how industrial sectors develop over time by type of economic activities. The article provides the rationale for structural rearrangements and further innovation-driven development of the industries. We display that the Russian industries technologically depend om imported production technologies. We substantiate the renewal of assets and technologies at industrial enterprises, and retain and develop human capital. Conclusions and Relevance. Primarily, the Russian economy should be digitalized as a source of the long-term economic growth. Notably, industrial enterprises should replace their linear production method with that of the circular economy and implement resource-saving innovative technologies. The State evidently acts as the leading driver of technological retrofitting of the industrial sector. If the State holds the reasonable and appropriate industrial policy at the federal and regional levels and configure its tools to ensure the modern approach to developing the industries in a competitive fashion, the industrial complex will successfully transform into the innovative economy.
A comparative analysis of the anthropogenic impact and user-pays principle availability in the model areas of the Russian Federation
Authors: Ayusheeva S.N.
Published: September 2020

Subject. This article assesses the effectiveness of the existing system of environmental management based on the user-pays principle in terms of reducing the negative impact on the environment.
Objectives. The article aims to conduct a comparative analysis of the anthropogenic impact on natural environment components and deficiency payments for pollution in the model areas of the Russian Federation.
Methods. For the study, I used the methods of computational, comparative, systems, and structural analyses.
Results. Based on the ecological rating of the Russian Federation subjects, the article defines model areas, assesses the degree of anthropogenic impact on the basis of pollution relative rates, and describes the particularities of environmental investment in the selected areas.
Conclusions. The system of payments for pollution does not affect the economic behavior of economic entities.
Genetic Variability of Maize (Zea mays L.) Genotypes on Some Yield and Yield Components at Haramaya, Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Kebede Mekuannet Belay , Gebissa Degefa
Published: September 2020

Genetic improvement in components of economic importance along with maintaining a sufficient amount of variability is always the desired objective in the any maize (Zea mays L.) breeding program which will be handled under the conditions of Haramaya, Eastern Ethiopia. Therefore, an experiment was conducted using (27) and (3) check/control varieties to determine the genetic variability of maize genotypes at Haramaya, eastern Ethiopia. The study results revealed that significantly the tallest plant heights for (PH) were recorded from (3) (170 cm) and (18) (167.5 cm) genotypes whereas the shortest PH were recorded from (13) (117.5 cm) and (23) genotypes (120 cm). Good plant aspects (PA) were obtained from genotype 12, 22 and 26 (PA-1.5) and poor PA were attained from genotype 1 (PA-2.5). Besides, genetic and phenotypic variances were estimated for seven components. The highest genotypic coefficients variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficients of variation (PCV) were calculated from grain yield (GY – 23.39%). Comparatively the higher GY were attained from the genotypes of 3, 9 and 12. It can be concluded that almost all components of the PCV are greater than the GCV. Superior selected genotypes are recommended to the researchers /breeders to develop disease resistant and high yielder varieties to increase maize production by farmers under Haramaya and other similar agroecologies.
Trace Elements Concentrations and Human Health Risk Evaluation for Four Common Fish Species in Sinop Coasts (Black Sea)
Authors: Gündoğdu Ayşe , Türk Çulha Saniye , Koçbaş Fatma
Published: September 2020

In the study, Trachurus trachurus, Engraulis encrasicolus, Merlangius merlangius euxinus, and Mullus barbatus from along the coast of Sinop were analysed for the content of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni) and aluminium (Al) in the muscle. Zn, Pb and Cd concentrations were determined to be lightly higher than the acceptable rates in fish samples. The provisional tolerable daily and weekly intake of trace metals in our work were all under than the limits set by the Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization, while for Cd, only M. barbatus was higher than FAO limits. E. encrasicolus and M. barbatus had the highest values for the collected total target danger section, but they did not posture a potential hazard within the diet of local residents. For carcinogenic and non carcinogenic risk assessment, the results were lower than the admissible rate of EPA. In the four fish species in the work, the Target cancer risk values of Ni were greater than 10-4, whereas the Target cancer risk values of Pb were smaller than 10-6. According to these results, it is thought that the Ni concentration in fish does pose a carcinogenic risk due to long-term and continuous consumption.
Anthocyanin Stability Profile of Mango Powder: Temperature, pH, Light, Solvent and Sugar Content Effects
Authors: Akther Shireen , Sultana Farhana , Badsha Md. Rahim , Sultana Jothi Jakia , Alim Md. Abdul
Published: September 2020

Anthocyanins, a major natural food colorant rich in mango powder, need considerable protection during processing and storage for better retention due to colour instability. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the stability of the anthocyanin‘s extracts obtained from cabinet dried mango powder under different factors which could disrupted the anthocyanin pigments during processing. The factors are processing temperature and time (30Â°C, 60Â°C and 80Â°C for 10, 20 and 30 minutes each, respectively), storage conditions (room temperature, refrigerator temperature and freezing temperature), pH (2, 3, 4, 7 and 10), oxygen, influence of light, different extraction solvent (methanol, absolute ethanol, acidified ethanol (1%), and 50% KMS -Ethanol), sugar level (20%, 40%, and 60%). The intensity of the extracted colour was measured at wavelength 520 nm using UV-VIS spectrophotometer. The results can elucidate the increasing heating temperature and time, sugar content, and exposure to light is able to spoil the anthocyanin molecule. There was a proportional effect of pH and oxygen. The anthocyanin stability was found better in pH=10, acidified ethanol (1%) as extracting solvents, absence of light as processing condition and refrigeration temperature as storage temperature. Hence, these findings could be useful in the food industry to choose a proper processing condition for development of mango powders-based products for satisfying the consumer perception by retaining anthocyanin pigment.