bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Kualitatif Metabolit Sekunder dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Jamur Endofit Cangkang Bulu Babi (Diadema setosum)
Authors: Susanti Abdulkadir Widy , Sy. Pakaya Mahdalena , Nuzul Ramadhani Fika , Zuriyati Uno Wiwit , Salama Arona
Published: July 2023

Endophytic fungi are fungi that live in plant tissues for a certain period and can form colonies in the host's tissues without endangering the host itself. In addition to plants, endophytic fungi are also found in marine biota. Endophytic fungi that live in the internal organs or tissues of marine biota, whether in the form of mold or yeast, can transform the nutrients they obtain from their host animals into metabolite compounds which will then be transferred back to the host organs so that they have the same metabolites as their hosts. This study aimed to analyze and test the antioxidant activity of the secondary metabolites of sea urchins in the Tomini Bay area. The method used from the beginning of the research was endophytic microbial fermentation, production of secondary metabolites, and partitioning of endophytic microbial isolates, namely liquid-liquid; the method used to test antioxidant activity was qualitative using TLC plates, DPPH UV-Vis spectrophotometer method, color reagent, and thin layer chromatography. Two isolates of endophytic fungi were obtained, namely (JBB1, JBB2). The isolate that was active as an antioxidant was JBB2 from sea urchins in the Tomini Bay area with an ICso 50-100 ppm, which was in the strong category. Meanwhile, JBB2 isolate was carried out at a wavelength of 517 nm with a value absorbance of 0,707 A. In accordance with the value of the linear equation, it obtained y = 0,092x+36,95 and an R2 value = 0,945 that the ethyl acetate extract in JBB2 had a moderate ICs of 87.43 µg/mL. Meanwhile, the qualitative test of secondary metabolites using thin layer chromatography with n-hexane eluent: ethyl acetate (8:2) ethyl acetate extract contained alkaloid and terpenoid compounds.
Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Air Kombinasi Kulit Pisang Kepok (Musa paradisiaca L.) dan Nanas (Ananas comosus L.) dengan Metode DPPH dan FRAP
Authors: Fu Vivian , Apridamayanti Pratiwi , Luliana Sri
Published: July 2023

Banana kepok (Musa paradisiaca L.) and pineapple (Ananas comosus L.) are types of fruit that are widely consumed by the community. However, the skin is only disposed of as waste, where the waste of the fruit skin reaches 30% of the whole fruit. Kepok banana peels and pineapples contain phenols and flavonoids which are proven to function as antioxidants. This study aims to determine the IC50 value of the combined sample using the DPPH and FRAP methods. The extract samples were divided into 2 groups, namely the combination of kepok banana peel extract and pineapple with a ratio of 1:1 and 1:3. Extraction is done by infusion method. Analysis of the content of phenolic and flavonoid compounds was carried out by the TLC method on single samples of kepok banana peels and pineapple peels. Antioxidant activity test was carried out by 2 methods, namely DPPH and FRAP. The yield of the extract in the 1:1 combination was found to be 48% and the 1:3 combination was 47%. The chromatogram profile showed that each single sample was positive for phenols and flavonoids. The results of the analysis of the antioxidant activity of the DPPH method showed the IC50 value in the 1:1 combination group was 1188.27 ppm while in the 1:3 combination group it was 740.98 ppm. In the FRAP method, the IC50 value in the 1:1 combination group was 1251.85 ppm, while in the 1:3 combination group it was 2218.94 ppm. Based on the results of the test, there are differences in the measurement of antioxidant activity with 2 different methods based on the antioxidants action that contains in the sample, so that the more recommended method is DPPH based on the type of antioxidant compounds contained in the sample.
The Use of Prophylactic Antibiotics for Cesarean Section Delivery and The Incident of Surgical Site Infection
Authors: Fajriyah Shofiatul , Farida Umul , Agustina Sri , Winduhani Astuti Lelly , Ambar Widyaningrum Esti
Published: July 2023

According to the 2018 Riskesdas data, the ratio of deliveries by cesarean section in 2018 was recorded at 17.6% of a total of 78,736 deliveries. One of the serious problems in postoperative treatment that has an impact on increasing morbidity, mortality, and increasing medical costs is surgical site infection (SSI). To reduce the risk of infection, efforts are made by giving prophylactic antibiotics followed by surgical procedures. The aim of this study was to determine the use of prophylactic antibiotics in cesarean section surgery and to determine the incidence of surgical site infection (SSI) in patients after Sectio Caesarea surgery in one of a private hospital in Kediri City. This study was an observational descriptive study with retrospective data collection through tracing of medical record data of patients who underwent Caesarean section surgery in 2021. The samples that entered the inclusion criteria were patients who received surgical prophylaxis with antibiotics and returned to the hospital for control after 1 week postoperatively. Samples that met the inclusion criteria were 89 patients. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. This study collected data on prophylactic antibiotics used and the incidence of SSI on days 1, 3 and (7-10) postoperatively.  The results showed that the types of prophylactic antibiotics in patients undergoing sectio caesarea were ceftriaxone 2 g (99%) and cefotaxime 2 g (1%). Whereas there were 3 patients (3%) who had SSI on days 7-10 postoperatively.
Tingkat Pengetahuan Pasien Rawat Inap Tentang Penggunaan Antibiotik di Rumah Sakit X Kota Palopo
Authors: Indra Indra , Hurria Hurria , Makkasau Suhandra
Published: July 2023

Antibiotics are the drugs most widely used in infections caused by bacteria where oral route antibiotics are the first choice in infection therapy. Various studies have found that around 40-62% of antibiotics are used inappropriately, including for diseases that actually do not require antibiotics. The problem that often occurs is the lack of knowledge of inpatients about the proper use of antibiotics. This research was conducted to determine the level of knowledge of inpatients about the use of antibiotics, using a cross sectional descriptive method. Data was taken secondary through filling out a questionnaire. A total of 92 inpatients at x Hospital in Palopo City were selected as volunteers using the accidental sampling method. Data was processed using the Statistical Product and Servicer Solution (SPSS) application with the chi-square test. The results obtained from 92 respondents, as many as 16.3% of respondents had a low level of knowledge, 56.5% of respondents had a sufficient level of knowledge and 27.2% of respondents had a high level of knowledge. There is a relationship between the last level of education (p value 0.000 0.05), with the level of knowledge in using antibiotics. The conclusion of this study is that the level of knowledge of inpatients at x Hospital in Palopo City is quite adequate, namely 56.5%.
Preparasi dan Karakterisasi Sistem Pembawa Liposom dari Ekstrak Etanol Daun Miana (Coleus atropurpureus L. Benth)
Authors: Sahumena Muhamad Handoyo , Suryani Suryani , Pratiwi Widya
Published: July 2023

Miana (Coleus atropurpureus L. Benth) is a plant in the ornamental plant group that has benefits for the body. The part of the plant that is efficacious as medicine is on the leaves with a brownish red color. However, extracts from miana leaves are hydrophilic, making it difficult to penetrate biological membranes which are rich in lipids and difficult to use topically. One way to overcome this problem is by making liposome carrier systems. Liposomes are carrier systems consisting of phospholipids and cholesterol with the ability to encapsulate hydrophilic and hydrophobic compounds. Parameters for the success of the liposome formula include vesicle shape, high adsorption efficiency and liposome vesicle size using a particle size analyzer (PSA). The liposome formula was obtained through the thin layer hydration method using phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol. The composition of the optimum liposome formula of miana leaf ethanol extract is 0.2% phosphatidylcholine and 0.4% cholesterol. The optimum formula obtained is a complex spherical structure, efficiency entrapment 92.91%, vesicle size 573.6 nm and polydispersity index is 0,505.
An Intuitionistic Fuzzy Decision Aid for Neuromarketing Technology Selection Problem
Authors: Goker Nazli , Dursun Mehtap
Published: July 2023

Neuromarketing, which uses neuroimaging technologies for marketing initiatives, is represented as the application of neuroscientific methods for analysing and understanding consumer behaviour with regard to marketing objectives. Medical diagnostic devices for brain imaging are used by marketers as neuromarketing technologies. In this study, the intuitionistic fuzzy COPRAS method, which aims to obtain a solution relative to the ideal solution, is used to rank neuromarketing technology alternatives and identify the best-performing one among them. Intuitionistic fuzzy sets are used to deal with the loss of information and hesitation in data that may occur in operations with fuzzy numbers. The application of the proposed intuitionistic fuzzy decision-making approach is illustrated by conducting a case study
Toxicoepidemiology of Posioning Cases in South India
Authors: Bandi Sreeramulu  , P Vijay Sager  , Mohammed Taquiddin Khan
Published: July 2023

Background: Poisoning is a major preventable cause of mortality in a developing Middle Income Country likeIndia. Different types of poisons lead to death. Cases of poisoning can be suicidal or homicidal with paramountMedico Legal Importance.Aims and Objectives: The present study was undertaken to study the toxico-epidemiology of poisoning deaths inthe geographical territory of Hyderabad city, India.Materials and Methods: This Prospective Observational study included 396 poisoning death cases which wereexamined at the mortuary of Osmania General Hospital, Hyderabad. Data regarding case demographics andpoisoning agent was collected and analyzed. Data was collected in MS Excel and represented as numbers andpercentages in the form of tables and figures.Results: Males cases were predominant accounting to 67.4% of the total. The most common age groups were 21-30years followed by 41-50 years and 31-40 years. 95.7% of the cases succumbed to known poisoning agents whereasthe rest 4.3% were of unknown poisoning agents. Insecticidal poisoning was the most common cause of death.Among insecticidal poisoning and overall, the most common poisoning was Organophosphate poisoning.Conclusion: The results of this study will help the doctors and governmental agencies in devising appropriatetreatment and prevention strategies in poisoning cases.
A Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Study on Clinical Toxicology among Internees and Registered Medical Practitioners at a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Mopuri Venkateswarlu  , S. Rajasekhar Reddy  , Pathakota Swarnalatha  , Kattamreddy Ananth Rupesh  , Galeti Chandrasekhar  , Shree Laya Vemula
Published: July 2023

The present KAP study aimed to ascertain the knowledge, attitudes, and practices on clinical toxicology amonginternees and medical doctors at ACSR Govt. Medical College & Hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India, in thelight of implementing new National Medical Commission curriculum (Graduate Medical Regulations 2019). Thestudy also aimed at understanding the knowledge and training gaps pertaining to clinical toxicology in the targetpopulation and thereby propose interventions for proper delivery of toxicology curriculum.A semi structured questionnaire was used to elicit information wherein 120 health care providers voluntarilyparticipated in the study. The results detected significant deficits towards understanding concepts in clinicaltoxicology and implementation of evidence-based approach in providing care. Our study identified the need tostress on toxidrome based approach, use of evidence-based decontamination methods, the necessity to stabilise the patientmore than being enthusiastic in diagnosing the poisoning, increased use of multidose activated charcoal as a primary antidote,use of poison control centre helpline, material safety data sheet & toxicology databases when in doubt, employing holistic caremodels, providing education on social & preventive toxicology and role of screening in chronic paediatric poisonings.
A Case Report on Meropenem and Valproic Acid Drug-Drug Interaction Induced Status Epilepticus
Authors: Sruthi Nair  , Blessi Saji  , Akash Das
Published: July 2023

Valproic acid and meropenem is generally co-administrated in neurosurgical cases. Meropenem potentially decreases thevalproic acid position, which may beget perioperative turn like seizure. Such serious adverse effect through potential interactionshould be taken seriously and made aware by clinicians. Among various neurological emergencies status epilepticus is one ofthe most important and as it progresses, therapeutic control becomes difficult. Patients receiving antiepileptics and carbapenemgroup antibiotics concomitantly should be closely monitored due to possible drug interaction between these agents. Theauthors report a case of a 39-year-old male patient who was admitted with C4-C5 type C injury with neurological deficit dueto road traffic accident. His Glasgow Coma Scale score was E4M2V1 and graded ‘A’ on Asia Impairment Scale. Patient wason treatment with valproic acid for existing schizophrenia. He was empirically treated with meropenem as cover antibiotic forinfection due to phrenic nerve palsy that allowed secretions to be retained and increase the chance of infection. On third dayof admission, he developed 2 episodes of breakthrough seizure in less than 5 minutes. Post status epileptic, Inj. Meropenemwas stopped as cover antibiotic and he was treated with Inj. Fosphenytoin, Inj. Midazolam and Inj. Levetiracetam after whichno such seizures were observed.
Algılanan Çalışma Arkadaşları Desteğinin Genel İş Performansına Etkisi: Tıbbi Sekreterler Üzerinde Bir Araştırma
Authors: ARSLAN Aysel , GÜL Hasan
Published: July 2023

Günümüz çalışma yaşamında çalışan performansının iş performansına etki edeceği kanıtlanmış bir gerçektir. Bu nedenle örgütlerde ‘‘insan’’ kaynağı gittikçe artan öneme sahip bir üretim faktörü olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Sosyal bir varlık olan insan örgütsel yaşamda çalışma arkadaşlarıyla formel ve informel biçimlerde iletişim kurmaktadır. Her iki iletişim kanalında çalışma arkadaşları desteği örgütsel amaçlara ulaşabilmek için gerekli olan bir davranış şeklidir. Sosyal yaşamda güven, sevgi, saygı ve desteğe dayalı arkadaşlık ilişkileri gereksinimleri iş yaşamında benzer olarak hissedilmektedir. Olumlu bir duygu olarak algılanan çalışma arkadaşları desteği çalışanın işine yansıyarak işe bağlılığı ve iş doyumunu etkileyecektir. Bu sayede iş performansı artacak ve yapılan işten verim sağlanacaktır. Bu bağlamda yapılan araştırmada işyerindeki genel iş performansında çalışma arkadaşları desteğinin rolü ölçülmek istenmiştir. Anket yöntemiyle bir kamu kurumunda görev yapan tıbbi sekreterlerden toplanan veriler SPSS aracığıyla analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, çalışma arkadaşları desteğinin genel iş performansını olumlu yönde etkilediği hipotezini doğrulamaktadır. Tıbbi sekreterlerin çalışma arkadaşları desteği ile genel iş performansı arasındaki ilişkide pozitif yönlü bir korelasyon belirlenmiştir. Bu ilişkideki etki incelendiğinde ise çalışma arkadaşları desteğinde meydana gelen 1 birimlik artışın genel iş performansında pozitif yönde, 196’lık (% 1,96) bir artışa yol açtığı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışma ile ortaya konmuş olan sonucun örgütsel davranış literatürüne katkı sağlaması ümit edilmektedir.
A 3D Drizzle Algorithm for JWST and Practical Application to the MIRI Medium Resolution Spectrometer
Authors: Law David R. , E. Morrison Jane , Argyriou Ioannis , Patapis Polychronis , Álvarez-Márquez J. , Labiano Alvaro , Vandenbussche Bart
Published: July 2023

We describe an algorithm for application of the classic “drizzle” technique to produce 3D spectral cubes using data obtained from the slicer-type integral field unit (IFU) spectrometers on board the James Webb Space Telescope. This algorithm relies upon the computation of overlapping volume elements (composed of two spatial dimensions and one spectral dimension) between the 2D detector pixels and the 3D data cube voxels, and is greatly simplified by treating the spatial and spectral overlaps separately at the cost of just 0.03% in spectrophotometric fidelity. We provide a matrix-based formalism for the computation of spectral radiance, variance, and covariance from arbitrarily dithered data and comment on the performance of this algorithm for the Mid-Infrared Instrument’s Medium Resolution IFU Spectrometer. We derive a series of simplified scaling relations to account for covariance between cube spaxels in spectra extracted from such cubes, finding multiplicative factors ranging from 1.5–3 depending on the wavelength range and kind of data cubes produced. Finally, we discuss how undersampling produces periodic amplitude modulations in the extracted spectra in addition to those naturally produced by fringing within the instrument; reducing such undersampling artifacts below 1% requires a four-point dithering strategy and spectral extraction radii of 1.5 times the point-spread function FWHM or greater.
X-Ray Studies of Blazar 1ES 1959+650 Using Swift and XMM-Newton Satellite
Authors: Wani Kiran , Gaur Haritma , Patil M. K.
Published: July 2023

High synchrotron energy peaked blazar 1ES 1959+650 was studied with the Swift and XMM-Newton satellites in a total of 127 observations during the period 2018 June–2020 December. We extensively studied its flux and spectral variability on intraday and long-term timescales. Discrete correlation function analysis between soft and hard X-ray bands indicates soft as well as hard lags. The results were used to constrain the magnetic field of the emitting region, which was found to be 0.64 ± 0.05 G. On long-term timescales, the distribution of fluxes shows lognormal behavior, which could be attributed to the minijets-in-a-jet model or might be due to the propagation of relativistic shocks down the jet. The spectral energy distribution around the synchrotron peak is well described by the log-parabola model. Spectral parameters like the peak energy E

p
, curvature β, and peak luminosity L

p
were derived from spectral analysis. Their correlations were studied to constrain the acceleration processes of the emitting particles. E

p
shows strong correlation with L

p
during the high state of the source, which indicates spectral changes might be caused by the variations of the average electron energy. Low values of the curvature parameter β and a weak correlation between E

p
and β indicate the coexistence of stochastic/statistical acceleration of electrons in the emitting region. Implications of other results are also discussed.
ALMA 1.1 mm Observations of a Conservative Sample of High-redshift Massive Quiescent Galaxies in SHELA
Authors: Chworowsky Katherine , Finkelstein Steven L. , Spilker Justin S. , Leung Gene C. K. , Bagley Micaela B. , Casey Caitlin M. , Gronwall Caryl , Jogee Shardha , Larson Rebecca L. , Papovich Casey , Somerville Rachel S. , Stevans Matthew , Wold Isak G. B. , Yung L. Y. Aaron
Published: July 2023

We present a sample of 30 massive (log(M
*/M
⊙) > 11) z = 3–5 quiescent galaxies selected from the Spitzer-HETDEX Exploratory Large Area (SHELA) Survey and observed at 1.1 mm with Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) Band 6 observations. These ALMA observations would detect even modest levels of dust-obscured star formation, on the order of ∼20 M
⊙ yr−1 at z ∼ 4 at the 1σ level, allowing us to quantify the amount of contamination from dusty star-forming sources in our quiescent sample. Starting with a parent sample of candidate massive quiescent galaxies from the Stevans et al. v1 SHELA catalog, we use the Bayesian Bagpipes spectral energy distribution fitting code to derive robust stellar masses (M
*) and star formation rates (SFRs) for these sources, and select a conservative sample of 36 candidate massive (M
* > 1011
M
⊙) quiescent galaxies, with specific SFRs >2σ below the Salmon et al. star-forming main sequence at z ∼ 4. Based on the ALMA imaging, six of these candidate quiescent galaxies show the presence of significant dust-obscured star formation, and thus were removed from our final sample. This implies a ∼17% contamination rate from dusty star-forming galaxies with our selection criteria using the v1 SHELA catalog. This conservatively selected quiescent galaxy sample at z = 3–5 will provide excellent targets for future observations to constrain better how massive galaxies can both grow and shut down their star formation in a relatively short period.
A Census of WISE-selected Dual and Offset AGNs Across the Sky: New Constraints on Merger-driven Triggering of Obscured AGNs
Authors: Barrows R. Scott , Comerford Julia M. , Stern Daniel , Assef Roberto J.
Published: July 2023

Pairs of galaxies hosting active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are powerful probes of merger-driven supermassive black hole (SMBH) growth as they can resolve individual AGNs and trace mergers over a large range of physical separations. To exploit this on a large scale for the first time for both obscured and unobscured AGNs, we use the photometric redshifts of AGNs selected by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) to find probabilistic pairs (<100 kpc separations) across the sky, along with a comparison sample of inactive galaxy pairs. Our final sample of integrated pair probabilities yields 198 AGN–AGN pairs (dual AGNs) and 2767 AGN–galaxy pairs (offset AGNs) with uniformly measured AGN and host galaxy physical properties. We find the fraction of galaxy pairs hosting WISE AGNs is dominated by offset AGNs and is significantly elevated above that of inactive galaxies for large host stellar masses. We show how the AGN merger fraction directly increases with AGN extinction for both offset and dual AGNs, with up to ∼40% of heavily obscured AGNs found in galaxy pairs. Elevated AGN merger fractions coincide with increased host specific star formation rates that suggest merger-driven coevolution of galaxies and SMBHs. Among dual AGNs, the most rapid SMBH growth may occur within the less-massive galaxy. Relative to stochastic mechanisms, mergers produce an excess of AGNs at increasingly smaller separations, especially for obscured AGNs (up to a factor of ∼5), and are augmented by correlated triggering. Finally, this excess is stronger than for lower-luminosity optically selected AGNs, regardless of the AGN obscuration level.
Nonlinear Interaction of Low-frequency Alfvén Waves and Ions
Authors: Wu Xianshu , Shen Chao , Li Jingchun , Dong Jiaqi , Li Kehua
Published: July 2023

The interaction between Alfvén waves and particles is a critical phenomenon in space and laboratory plasmas, and it has been observed that low-frequency Alfvén waves can accelerate and heat ions through subharmonic resonant interactions. In this study, we use test particle simulations to verify the nonlinear heating of parallelly propagating low-frequency Alfvén waves on ions and analyze the underlying process in terms of the Poincaré section. Our results demonstrate that low-frequency Alfvén waves can periodically pick up ions, leading to oscillations of average parallel velocity and temperature of the plasma by phase mixing, ultimately resulting in the stabilization of acceleration. Furthermore, we have developed an analysis that can estimate the time required for heating and accelerating. In the case of multiple waves, our findings indicate that the presence of more chaotic modes does not necessarily result in better wave heating. We have also discussed the effect of random phases on the heating process. Overall, this research sheds light on the crucial role played by the interaction between Alfvén waves and particles in astrophysics and provides new insights into the mechanisms underlying the heating and acceleration of ions through subharmonic resonant interactions with low-frequency Alfvén waves. These findings may have significant implications for the understanding of plasma dynamics in a range of astrophysical environments.
Element Abundances in Impulsive Solar Energetic Particle Events
Authors: Laming J. Martin , Kuroda Natsuha
Published: July 2023

We outline and discuss a model for the enhanced abundances of trans-Fe elements in impulsive solar energetic particle (SEP) events, where large mass-dependent abundance enhancements are frequently seen. It comes about as a variation of the ponderomotive force model for the first ionization potential (FIP) effect, i.e., the increase in coronal abundance of elements like Fe, Mg, and Si that are ionized in the solar chromosphere relative to those that are neutral. In this way, the fractionation region is placed in the chromosphere and is connected to the solar envelope, allowing the huge abundance variations to occur, which might otherwise be problematic with a coronal fractionation site. The principal mechanism behind the mass-independent FIP fractionation becoming the mass-dependent impulsive SEP fractionation is the suppression of acoustic waves in the chromosphere. The ponderomotive force causing the fractionation must be due to torsional Alfvén waves, which couple much less effectively to slow modes than do shear waves, and upward-propagating acoustic waves deriving from photospheric convection must be effectively mode-converted to fast modes at the chromospheric layer, where Alfvén and sound speeds are equal, and subsequently totally internally reflected. We further discuss observations of the environments thought to be the source of impulsive SEPs and the extent to which the real Sun might meet these conditions.
Modeling the Chemical Enrichment History of the Bulge Fossil Fragment Terzan 5
Authors: Romano Donatella , Ferraro Francesco R. , Origlia Livia , Zwart Simon Portegies , Lanzoni Barbara , Crociati Chiara , Massari Davide , Dalessandro Emanuele , Mucciarelli Alessio , Rich R. Michael , Calura Francesco , Matteucci Francesca
Published: July 2023

Terzan 5 is a heavily obscured stellar system located in the inner Galaxy. It has been postulated to be a stellar relic, a bulge fossil fragment witnessing the complex history of the assembly of the Milky Way bulge. In this paper, we follow the chemical enrichment of a set of putative progenitors of Terzan 5 to assess whether the chemical properties of this cluster fit within a formation scenario in which it is the remnant of a primordial building block of the bulge. We can explain the metallicity distribution function and the runs of different element-to-iron abundance ratios as functions of [Fe/H] derived from optical-infrared spectroscopy of giant stars in Terzan 5 by assuming that the cluster experienced two major star formation bursts separated by a long quiescent phase. We further predict that the most metal-rich stars in Terzan 5 are moderately He-enhanced, and we predict a large spread of He abundances in the cluster, Y ≃ 0.26–0.335. We conclude that current observations fit within a formation scenario in which Terzan 5 originated from a pristine or slightly metal-enriched gas clump about one order of magnitude more massive than its present-day mass. Losses of gas and stars played a major role in shaping Terzan 5 the way we see it now. The iron content of the youngest stellar population is better explained if the white dwarfs that give rise to type Ia supernovae (the main Fe factories) sink toward the cluster center, rather than being stripped by the strong tidal forces exerted by the Milky Way in the outer regions.
VVV-VIVACE ID 533558 (=OGLE RRLYR-09505): The Half-day Period as a Challenge for the Automatic Searches for Variable Stars
Authors: de Oliveira Salim José Luiza , Saito Roberto K. , Kanaan Antonio , Minniti Dante , Gramajo Luciana , Botan Everton
Published: July 2023

Searches for periodic variable stars are susceptible to seasonal aliases caused by sampling. Nightly observations from ground based telescopes produce a large number of false detections at the integer multiples of day−1 frequency. Here we discuss the case of VISTA Variables in the Vía Láctea-VIrac VAriable Classification Ensemble (VVV-VIVACE) ID 533558, classified by the VIVACE using machine learning as an EA/EB binary with a period of P = 0.6659 day, in contradiction with a previous classification as an AB-type RR Lyrae with period P = 0.4992 day by the OGLE survey. We discuss the problem of phase coverage causing the misclassification with a wrong period by the VVV, in spite of a robust set of 652 data points over six years of observations. As automatic light-curve classifications of large data sets become more popular, this is a problem that cannot be overlooked.
Evaluation the anti-inflammatory effect of Omega 369 against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice
Authors: Mohammed Yousif Hashim , Hassan Ali Faris
Published: July 2023

Background: Acetaminophen (N-acetyl-para-aminophenol, or APAP) poisoning, whether intentional or accidental, is a major general health problem, with its toxicity prevalence significantly increasing in many countries. Currently, acetaminophen is considered one of the main causes of acute liver failure globally.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible hepatoprotective effect of Omega-3,6,9 against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in albino male mice.

Methods: Thirty-five albino male mice were randomly divided into five groups: Group 1 (the negative control) received liquid paraffin orally at a dose of 10 ml/kg for ten days, followed by a single intraperitoneal injection (IP) of 10 ml/kg normal saline on the eleventh day of the test. Group 2 (positive control) received liquid paraffin. Group 3 was treated with Omega-3,6,9 (50 mg/kg/80 mL). Group 4 was treated with Omega-3,6,9 (100 mg/kg/35 mL). Group 5 was treated with N-acetylcysteine (100 mg/kg/10 ml). The mice were treated with Omega-3,6,9, N-acetylcysteine, and liquid paraffin once daily by oral gavage for ten days.

Result: TNF-α, IL-10, ALT, and AST levels in the positive control group were significantly higher than those in the negative control group. TNF-α, IL-10, ALT, and AST levels in mice given Omega-3,6,9 (50 mg/kg), Omega-3,6,9 (100 mg/kg), and N-acetylcysteine (100 mg/kg) orally prior to acetaminophen injection were significantly decreased compared to those in the positive control group.

Conclusion: Oral intake of Omega-3,6,9 may reduce the risk of acetaminophen-induced liver damage.
Rousseau et la répétition impossible
Authors: Holmertz Samuel
Published: July 2023

Cet article propose une relecture des thèmes rousseauistes à travers la notion de répétition afin de mettre en lumière la philosophie de la Présence comme une pensée entièrement tournée contre la répétition. Quelle place accorder, en réalité, à la répétition dans la pensée de Rousseau ? Si elle semble a priori marginale dans sa philosophie, ce concept semble donner une clé de lecture nouvelle. Dans cette perspective, il apparaît que l’armature théorique de Rousseau se caractérise par le souci constant du rejet de la répétition. J’instaure dans ce travail un dialogue entre Rousseau et des penseurs contemporains, comme Derrida, Deleuze, Starobinski ou encore Rosset dans le soin de mettre en évidence la négation absolue de la répétition dans l’élaboration de la théorie naturaliste.
Hommage à Albert Hesse (1938-2022)
Authors: Benech Christophe , Dabas Michel , Tabbagh Alain
Published: July 2023

Albert Hesse (1938-2022), directeur de recherche au CNRS, était un spécialiste de prospection géophysique, discipline dont il a été un des initiateurs en France et acteur tout au long de sa carrière. Il a été l’un des membres fondateurs de l’association GMPCA en 1976 et cette note est destinée à rendre hommage à sa carrière et ses engagements pour sa discipline et plus largement pour l’archéométrie.
Early Christian Topography in Bet Garmai, Northeastern Mesopotamia
Authors: Nováček Karel
Published: July 2023

Research into the ecclesiastical organization of the Church of the East in Mesopotamia needs to shift its focus from an overall perspective to the microscale of individual dioceses, their locations, relations and development, and the morphology of their centres. Datasets produced by systematic archaeological surveys have considerable potential as tools for the reconstruction of the Christian landscape in a long-term process of continuity and change, particularly when the resulting spatial structures are combined with topographic data from textual sources. This paper attempts to use this combined historical-archaeological approach for the identification of two episcopal seats in the eparchy of Bet Garmai, which belong to the earliest stratum of dioceses in Mesopotamia: Šahqart and Ḫirbat Ğalāl. The results, as well as a broader view encompassing neighbouring dioceses in Bet Garmai and Ḥadyab, bring to light several features that should be examined in further research. These include a close connection between episcopal seats and urban foci of semi-independent secular power, building of sacred landscapes extra muros, as well as signs of regular coverage of the landscape by Christian administration at the beginning of the 5th century at the latest.
La correspondance de Sévère d’Antioche et de Philoxène de Mabboug avec les chrétiens d’al‑Ḥīra (Ḥirta de Noʿman)
Authors: Alpi Frédéric
Published: July 2023

L’action du patriarche Sévère d’Antioche (env. 465-538), pendant son pontificat effectif (512‑518), puis lors de son exil en Égypte (518‑538), est très bien documentée dans les sources grecques et syriaques, car ce grand évêque fut le principal adversaire en Orient romain, au début du vie siècle, de la réception du concile de Chalcédoine. Dans cette abondante littérature, se distingue un petit dossier qui atteste son souci pour la chrétienté de Ḥirta de Noʿman (al‑Ḥīra), pourtant installée au‑delà des limites de l’Empire romain d’Orient et du patriarcat d’Antioche : 1) un fragment de lettre de Sévère lui‑même adressée à cette communauté ; 2) une missive du métropolite sévérien et théologien syriaque Philoxène de Mabboug (Manbiğ) envoyée au potentat local, le stratétlatès Abū Yaʿfūr, prédécesseur immédiat du dynaste lakhmide al‑Munḏir III ; 3) le récit rapporté par l’historien byzantin Théodore le lecteur d’une ambassade de deux évêques dépêchés par Sévère auprès de ce dernier. On présentera de ces trois documents un exposé synoptique, pour éclairer les enjeux de la politique de Sévère à l’endroit des Arabes christianisés, aux confins des Empires romain et perse. Il faut en effet comprendre son action aussi bien dans le cadre des conflits dogmatiques en cours au sein du christianisme que dans la perspective plus générale de la politique de l’Empire romain d’Orient vis‑à‑vis de la Perse sassanide.
Empowering Scientific Computing and Data Manipulation With Numerical Python (NumPy)
Authors: Gedefa Tesfaye Fufa , Gouse Galety Mohammed , Iticha Garamu Tilahun
Published: July 2023

NumPy is a Python library for performing numerical data structures and specialized computing. It improves the components of N-dimensional arrays and provides operations and tools to interface with these arrays. NumPy implements the N-dimensional array, or ndarray, and provides Python-specific scientific methods for performing realistic array and matrix operations. When compared to array programming in other languages, it will allow us to do a wide range of mathematical operations and data manipulations. NumPy can be used with other Python packages and programming languages such as C and C++. NumPy now supports object-oriented programming as well. For example, a class called ndarray may be an N-dimensional array with multiple ways of performing various data structure operations and characteristics.
Creating an Online Network, Monitoring Team and Apps to Counter Hate Speech, and Hate Crime Tactics in Europe
Authors: López Roberto Moreno , Baider Fabienne
Published: July 2023

In this chapter, the authors present a European initiative for the creation of an online network, monitoring team, and apps to counter hate crime tactics. The project, funded by the Directorate-General of Justice of the European Commission, aims for the promotion of cooperation on reporting and monitoring online hate speech within European countries with a synergy between strong NGOs and universities. The project was based in four axes of correlative actions, that went from the research to the design and implementation of trainings with stakeholders (enforcement bodies and youngsters), the creation of multiplatform tools (web and app), and specific efforts on dissemination and raising awareness with the most vulnerable communities and the general public. The results showed an improvement of the state of art on the situation in the participant countries, as well as real changes in the area of combating hate crime and on-line hate speech in some countries belonging to the consortium.
Mapping Stigmatizing Hoaxes Towards Immigrants on Twitter and Digital Media
Authors: Esparza Marta Sánchez , Diéguez Ignacio Vázquez , Arribas Adoración Merino
Published: July 2023

This text presents a mapping of the hoaxes published on Twitter and in digital media during 2020 in Spain, Greece, and Italy after having been classified as disinformation with the intention of causing harm in the fact-checking portals of the three cited countries. Verification services that are members of the International Fact-Checking Network (IFCN) have been chosen for this analysis: Spain (Newtral.es/Maldita.es), Greece (Ellinika Hoaxes), and Italy (Facta News/Lavoce.info). The chosen online portals belong to FactCheckEU, a European project launched by the international verification network. The validated sample presents 150 pieces of information identified as hoaxes by the verification platforms and disseminated in the current communication scenarios by the network in the three direct recipient countries of the migratory phenomenon through the Mediterranean. A qualitative methodology applied to the case study is used, which is complemented by critical discourse analysis.
Building resilient communities in Slave Island: mapping collective memories through cognitive mapping
Authors: Coorey S. B. A. , Piyarathna H. G. L. C.
Published: July 2023

This study explores community resilience and the relationships between the built environment and memories of an urban neighbourhood using cognitive mapping as a research tool. This correlation acts as a tool that holds communities together and it is important to acknowledge them to enhance the social sustenance and resilience of those communities. However, these relationships are being disrupted through the urban regeneration projects of Colombo causing displacement, the discontinuity of identity, and the erasing of history and memories of inner-city communities, further resulting in gentrification. The research focuses on the contested neighbourhood of Slave Island as the case study area where the urban landscape has gone through drastic changes to make way for urban development projects. The study explores features in the built environment that hold collective memories to preserve and recreate them using cognitive mapping as a research tool. Six distinct residents were asked to produce a cognitive map of Slave Island and each map was analysed through a theoretical framework to understand them in terms of built environment and memories. The findings indicate that shared spaces, typologies, landmarks, public spaces, and paths have a strong association on shaping the collective memories of the residents.
Preliminary study on surface phytoplankton assemblages and physicochemical parameters, off the west and south-west coasts of Sri Lanka
Authors: Jayasiri H.B.
Published: July 2023

This study evaluates the phytoplankton community structure in relation to physicochemical properties in the western and southwestern coastal waters of Sri Lanka. Phytoplankton and water samples were collected from March to April, 2017 at three transect lines towards offshore in Colombo, Beruwala, and Mirissa, each containing 10 sampling sites. The distance between sampling stations on each transect line was approximately       2 km.  Phytoplankton samples were collected towing a net (10 µm mesh) by vertical hauls from known depth     (2.5 m) and preserved in Lugol’s solution. The phytoplankton were identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level and counted under the Sedgwick rafter cell using a light microscope. Water samples were collected at 0.5 m depth using the Ruttner Sampler and analysed for chlorophyll-a, nutrients, and total suspended solids (TSS). This study identified 57 phytoplankton species comprised of diatoms (33 species), dinoflagellates (23 species), and cyanobacteria (1 species). In general, phytoplankton abundance and species diversity decreased towards offshore in the three transects. Total phytoplankton and diatom abundances varied significantly among the three transect lines, and significantly higher abundance was reported at Mirissa and Colombo than at Beruwala (One-way ANOVA; p < 0.05). Total phytoplankton abundance significantly correlated with dinoflagellates, toxic species of dinoflagellates, chlorophyll-a, and nitrate-N (p < 0.01). Ten toxic species of dinoflagellates were reported in the study. Diatoms dominated (60%) in the study area, followed by cyanobacteria (31%) and dinoflagellates (9%). Diatoms of Cerataulina sp. (31%) and Navicula sp. (50%) were dominant in Colombo and Mirissa respectively, while cyanobacteria of Trichodesmium sp. (85%) dominated in Beruwala, indicating the possibility of blooms of this species at study sites when environmental conditions are favourable.
Natural α-glucosidase inhibitors from selected medicinal plants in Malaysia
Authors: Liew S.Y. , Sivasothy Y. , Shaikh N.N. , Javaid K. , Mohd Isa D. , Lee V.S. , Choudhary M.I. , Awang K.
Published: July 2023

The most prevalent subtype of diabetes is Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus which results from an abnormal postprandial increase in blood glucose. Inhibition of the carbohydrate-hydrolysing enzymes (alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase) in the human digestive organs can control blood glucose levels, making it an important strategy in the management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. A majority of the oral synthetic drugs which have been developed to treat Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus are expensive and have undesirable side effects. As a result, plant-derived remedies have become preferred alternatives as they are easily available, affordable and less harmful. Angustine (1) the major constituent in Nauclea subdita (Korth.) Steud., and (E)-labda-8(17),12-dien-15,16-dial (2) and zerumin A (3) of Alpinia pahangensis Ridley were evaluated for their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. (E)-Labda-8(17),12-dien-15,16-dial (2) (IC50 = 39.7 μM) was identified as the most potent inhibitor among all three, followed by angustine (1) (IC50 = 48.1 μM) and zerumin A (3) (IC50 = 53.3 μM). Enzyme kinetic studies indicated that angustine (1) was a mixed-type inhibitor, while (E)-labda-8(17),12-dien-15,16-dial (2), and zerumin A (3) were non-competitive inhibitors. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies were performed to predict the key interactions between the ligands and the target protein, 1AGM (complex of acarbose with glucoamylase from Aspergillus awamori). The results of the study of binding interaction energy suggested that angustine (1) has the potential to be used as a natural drug lead in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Effect of Degree of Saturation on soil-nail Pullout Resistance
Authors: Fernando K.A.S.N. , Priyankara N.H.
Published: July 2023

Soil nailing is a technique which is used to reinforce and strengthen the existing ground conditions. This is done by installing closely spaced, passive, structural inclusions known as nail into the soil and these nails helps to improve the overall shear strength of soil. The nail pullout resistance is the shear stress at the grout-soil interface. The soil-nail pullout resistance depends on many parameters. Among the factors influencing the soil-nail pullout resistance, degree of saturation of the soil is an important factor. As degree of saturation of soil mass change with the moisture content of the soil, the pullout resistance may decrease during the intense rainfall. However, verification of pullout tests on soil-nail are not conducted under the worst condition. Hence, measured pullout resistance may not be a safe parameter for design. As such, in this research study, the effect of degree of saturation on pullout resistance was studied by conducting a series of laboratory tests using a laboratory pullout box. Especially designed waterproof cap was used to apply back pressure to saturate the soil within the pullout box. Variation of earth pressures close to the grouted nail were observed during the tests. It was evident from the results that higher the degree of saturation, lower the pullout resistance. Maximum pullout resistance was observed when the degree of saturation is near the optimum moisture of the soil. When the soil is sufficiently dry, lower pullout resistance was observed due to low bond strength between grout surface and surrounding dry soil.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and food safety: A review
Authors: Samarajeewa U.
Published: July 2023

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are of petrogenic or pyrogenic origin. Of the known few hundred PAHs, 16 are identified to be toxic, of which 8 are teratogenic. Of the 8, 4 are carcinogens. Among them, Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) possesses the highest carcinogenicity and is used as a marker in toxicity studies. PAHs of petrogenic origin contaminate soil, water and air. They may occur in air associated with dust particles. PAHs of pyrogenic origin are generated during burning of wood and other organic matter. They are also produced from lipids and carbohydrates during heating of foods. PAHs are mostly identified with grilling, smoking, frying, roasting and toasting of foods. Among the foods, formation of PAHs is studied mostly in association with grilling of fish and meat, where contacts occur between the dripping lipids and naked flames. The generated PAHs get deposited back on fish and meat muscles. PAHs in smoke are deposited on food surfaces on exposure to contaminated air from the vehicle fumes and smoke curing of foods. PAHs are formed during mechanical expulsion of edible oils. Presence of markers, carcinogenic PAHs and total PAHs in different foods and their extent of formation and deposition is discussed in relation to food safety hazards and health implications. Among the local foods and food preparation habits, the role of coconut oil, smoke curing of foods and formation of PAHs even under mild conditions of heat such as manufacture of black tea are reviewed. Recommendations for future actions, research and implementing food regulations to minimize PAHs in foods are presented.