bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fitness, Balance Efficacy, and Postural Control in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Lee Anna , Biggan John R. , Ray Christopher
Published: February 2016

Age-related declines in postural control and physical fitness are strong risk factors for falls in older adults. Balance efficacy has been utilized to identify poor postural control, reduced physical function, and fall risk. However, it is not clear as to whether balance efficacy is truly a better predictor of functional fitness outcomes or postural control. Distinguishing these associations is an important step in the future derivation of physiotherapeutic programming to remediate acute and chronic decline. Therefore, the purpose of this cross-sectional study was to partition which measures are more associated with balance efficacy, fitness, or postural control. One hundred eleven community-dwelling older adults participated and were asked to complete the Balance Efficacy Scale (BES), a functional fitness measure (the Senior Fitness Test [SFT]), and a measure of postural control (the Sensory Organization Test [SOT]).We found that the SFT was more significantly associated with balance efficacy ( R2 = .37) than the SOT ( R2 = .08) in older adults. Overall, aerobic endurance, functional mobility in the SFT, and the vestibular score on the SOT were significantly associated with balance efficacy.

We concluded that clinicians utilizing the BES as a preliminary screen should recommend physiotherapy follow-up activities that build endurance (walking), lower extremity functional mobility (sit-to-stand), and vestibular function (head movement while walking). Understanding the links between a preliminary screening tool and the physiological needs of the patient will allow for targeted activities to be prescribed.
EBF1-PDGFRB fusion in pediatric B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL): genetic profile and clinical implications
Authors: Schwab Claire , Ryan Sarra L. , Chilton Lucy , Elliott Alannah , Murray James , Richardson Stacey , Wragg Christopher , Moppett John , Cummins Michelle , Tunstall Oliver , Parker Catriona A. , Saha Vaskar , Goulden Nicholas , Vora Ajay , Moorman Anthony V. , Harrison Christine J.
Published: February 2016

Key Points

EBF1-PDGFRB fusion accounts for ∼0.5% of B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia and 2.7% of the B-other subtype. EBF1-PDGFRB-positive patients are MRD positive and are slow early responders who respond to imatinib.
Vitamin D Supplementation Does Not Impact Insulin Resistance in Black and White Children
Authors: Ferira Ashley J. , Laing Emma M. , Hausman Dorothy B. , Hall Daniel B. , McCabe George P. , Martin Berdine R. , Hill Gallant Kathleen M. , Warden Stuart J. , Weaver Connie M. , Peacock Munro , Lewis Richard D.
Published: February 2016

Context:

Vitamin D supplementation trials with diabetes-related outcomes have been conducted almost exclusively in adults and provide equivocal findings.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to determine the dose-response of vitamin D supplementation on fasting glucose, insulin, and a surrogate measure of insulin resistance in white and black children aged 9–13 years, who participated in the Georgia, Purdue, and Indiana University (or GAPI) trial: a 12-week multisite, randomized, triple-masked, dose-response, placebo-controlled vitamin D trial.

Design:

Black and white children in the early stages of puberty (N = 323, 50% male, 51% black) were equally randomized to receive vitamin D3 (0, 400, 1000, 2000, or 4000 IU/day) for 12 weeks. Fasting serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), glucose and insulin were assessed at baseline and weeks 6 and 12. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance was used as a surrogate measure of insulin resistance. Statistical analyses were conducted as intent-to-treat using a mixed effects model.

Results:

Baseline serum 25(OH)D was inversely associated with insulin (r = −0.140, P = 0.017) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (r = −0.146, P = 0.012) after adjusting for race, sex, age, pubertal maturation, fat mass, and body mass index. Glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance increased (F > 5.79, P < .003) over the 12 weeks, despite vitamin D dose-dependent increases in serum 25(OH)D.

Conclusions:

Despite significant baseline inverse relationships between serum 25(OH)D and measures of insulin resistance, vitamin D supplementation had no impact on fasting glucose, insulin, or a surrogate measure of insulin resistance over 12 weeks in apparently healthy children.
Changes in cell shape are correlated with metastatic potential in murine and human osteosarcomas
Authors: Lyons Samanthe M. , Alizadeh Elaheh , Mannheimer Joshua , Schuamberg Katherine , Castle Jordan , Schroder Bryce , Turk Philip , Thamm Douglas , Prasad Ashok
Published: February 2016

Metastatic cancer cells for many cancers are known to have altered cytoskeletal properties, in particular to be more deformable and contractile. Consequently, shape characteristics of more metastatic cancer cells may be expected to have diverged from those of their parental cells. To examine this hypothesis we study shape characteristics of paired osteosarcoma cell lines, each consisting of a less metastatic parental line and a more metastatic line, derived from the former by in vivo selection. Two-dimensional images of four pairs of lines were processed. Statistical analysis of morphometric characteristics shows that shape characteristics of the metastatic cell line are partly overlapping and partly diverged from the parental line. Significantly, the shape changes fall into two categories, with three paired cell lines displaying a more mesenchymal-like morphology, while the fourth displaying a change towards a more rounded morphology. A neural network algorithm could distinguish between samples of the less metastatic cells from the more metastatic cells with near perfect accuracy. Thus, subtle changes in shape carry information about the genetic changes that lead to invasiveness and metastasis of osteosarcoma cancer cells.
Gene array analysis of neural crest cells identifies transcription factors necessary for direct conversion of embryonic fibroblasts into neural crest cells
Authors: Motohashi Tsutomu , Watanabe Natsuki , Nishioka Masahiro , Nakatake Yuhki , Yulan Piao , Mochizuki Hiromi , Kawamura Yoshifumi , Ko Minoru S. H. , Goshima Naoki , Kunisada Takahiro
Published: February 2016

Neural crest cells (NC cells) are multipotent cells that emerge from the edge of the neural folds and migrate throughout the developing embryo. Although the gene regulatory network for generation of NC cells has been elucidated in detail, it has not been revealed which of the factors in the network are pivotal to directing NC identity. In this study we analyzed the gene expression profile of a pure NC subpopulation isolated from Sox10-IRES-Venus mice and investigated whether these genes played a key role in the direct conversion of Sox10-IRES-Venus mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) into NC cells. The comparative molecular profiles of NC cells and neural tube cells in 9.5-day embryos revealed genes including transcription factors selectively expressed in developing trunk NC cells. Among 25 NC cell-specific transcription factor genes tested, SOX10 and SOX9 were capable of converting MEFs into SOX10-positive (SOX10+) cells. The SOX10+ cells were then shown to differentiate into neurons, glial cells, smooth muscle cells, adipocytes and osteoblasts. These SOX10+ cells also showed limited self-renewal ability, suggesting that SOX10 and SOX9 directly converted MEFs into NC cells. Conversely, the remaining transcription factors, including well-known NC cell specifiers, were unable to convert MEFs into SOX10+ NC cells. These results suggest that SOX10 and SOX9 are the key factors necessary for the direct conversion of MEFs into NC cells.
Tailored placement of a turn-forming PA tag into the structured domain of a protein to probe its conformational state
Authors: Fujii Yuki , Matsunaga Yukiko , Arimori Takao , Kitago Yu , Ogasawara Satoshi , Kaneko Mika K. , Kato Yukinari , Takagi Junichi
Published: February 2016

Placement of a tag sequence is usually limited to either terminal end of the target protein, reducing the potential of epitope tags for various labeling applications. The PA tag is a dodecapeptide (GVAMPGAEDDVV) that is recognized by a high-affinity antibody NZ-1. We determined the crystal structure of the PA-tag–NZ-1 complex and found that NZ-1 recognizes a central segment of the PA tag peptide in a tight β-turn configuration, suggesting that it is compatible with the insertion into a loop. This possibility was tested and confirmed using multiple integrin subunits and semaphorin. More specifically, the PA tag can be inserted at multiple locations within the integrin αIIb subunit (encoded by ITGA2B) of the fibrinogen receptor αIIbβ3 integrin (of which the β3 subunit is encoded by ITGB3) without affecting the structural and functional integrity, while maintaining its high affinity for NZ-1. The large choice of the sites for ‘epitope grafting’ enabled the placement of the PA tag at a location whose accessibility is modulated during the biological action of the receptor. Thus, we succeeded in converting a general anti-tag antibody into a special anti-integrin antibody that can be classified as a ligand-induced binding site antibody.
Integrins synergise to induce expression of the MRTF-A–SRF target gene ISG15 for promoting cancer cell invasion
Authors: Hermann Michaela-Rosemarie , Jakobson Madis , Colo Georgina P. , Rognoni Emanuel , Jakobson Maili , Kupatt Christian , Posern Guido , Fässler Reinhard
Published: February 2016

Integrin-mediated activation of small GTPases induces the polymerisation of G-actin into various actin structures and the release of the transcriptional co-activator MRTF from G-actin. Here we report that pan-integrin-null fibroblasts seeded on fibronectin and expressing β1- and/or αV-class integrin contained different G-actin pools, nuclear MRTF-A (also known as MKL1 or MAL) levels and MRTF-A–SRF activities. The nuclear MRTF-A levels and activities were highest in cells expressing both integrin classes, lower in cells expressing β1 integrins and lowest in cells expressing the αV integrins. Quantitative proteomics and transcriptomics analyses linked the differential MRTF-A activities to the expression of the ubiquitin-like modifier interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15), which is known to modify focal adhesion and cytoskeletal proteins. The malignant breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 expressed high levels of β1 integrins, ISG15 and ISGylated proteins, which promoted invasive properties, whereas non-invasive MDA-MB-468 and MCF-7 cell lines expressed low levels of β1 integrins, ISG15 and ISGylated proteins. Our findings suggest that integrin-adhesion-induced MRTF-A–SRF activation and ISG15 expression constitute a newly discovered signalling circuit that promotes cell migration and invasion.
DNA replication initiator Cdc6 also regulates ribosomal DNA transcription initiation
Authors: Huang Shijiao , Xu Xiaowei , Wang Guopeng , Lu Guoliang , Xie Wenbing , Tao Wei , Zhang Hongyin , Jiang Qing , Zhang Chuanmao
Published: February 2016

RNA-polymerase-I-dependent ribosomal DNA (rDNA) transcription is fundamental to rRNA processing, ribosome assembly and protein synthesis. However, how this process is initiated during the cell cycle is not fully understood. By performing a proteomic analysis of transcription factors that bind RNA polymerase I during rDNA transcription initiation, we identified that the DNA replication initiator Cdc6 interacts with RNA polymerase I and its co-factors, and promotes rDNA transcription in G1 phase in an ATPase-activity-dependent manner. We further showed that Cdc6 is targeted to the nucleolus during late mitosis and G1 phase in a manner that is dependent on B23 (also known as nucleophosmin, NPM1), and preferentially binds to the rDNA promoter through its ATP-binding domain. Overexpression of Cdc6 increases rDNA transcription, whereas knockdown of Cdc6 results in a decreased association of both RNA polymerase I and the RNA polymerase I transcription factor RRN3 with rDNA, and a reduction of rDNA transcription. Furthermore, depletion of Cdc6 impairs the interaction between RRN3 and RNA polymerase I. Taken together, our data demonstrate that Cdc6 also serves as a regulator of rDNA transcription initiation, and indicate a mechanism by which initiation of rDNA transcription and DNA replication can be coordinated in cells.
Epistasis analysis of 16S rRNA ram mutations helps define the conformational dynamics of the ribosome that influence decoding
Authors: Ying Lanqing , Fredrick Kurt
Published: February 2016

The ribosome actively participates in decoding, with a tRNA-dependent rearrangement of the 30S A site playing a key role. Ribosomal ambiguity (ram) mutations have mapped not only to the A site but also to the h12/S4/S5 region and intersubunit bridge B8, implicating other conformational changes such as 30S shoulder rotation and B8 disruption in the mechanism of decoding. Recent crystallographic data have revealed that mutation G299A in helix h12 allosterically promotes B8 disruption, raising the question of whether G299A and/or other ram mutations act mainly via B8. Here, we compared the effects of each of several ram mutations in the absence and presence of mutation h8Δ2, which effectively takes out bridge B8. The data obtained suggest that a subset of mutations including G299A act in part via B8 but predominantly through another mechanism. We also found that G299A in h12 and G347U in h14 each stabilize tRNA in the A site. Collectively, these data support a model in which rearrangement of the 30S A site, inward shoulder rotation, and bridge B8 disruption are loosely coupled events, all of which promote progression along the productive pathway toward peptide bond formation.
Manipulation tactics of patients with neurotic disorders in everyday life and during therapy
Authors: Mandal Eugenia , Horak Adam
Published: February 2016

Cel

Celem badań było zbadanie repertuaru i natężenia taktyk manipulacji pacjentów neurotycznych w życiu codziennym i podczas terapii oraz zdiagnozowanie natężenia makiawelizmu u pacjentów neurotycznych.

Metoda

Badaniami objęto 111 osób: 44 pacjentów z rozpoznaniem zaburzeń nerwicowych, 44 osób z grupy kontrolnej oraz 23 terapeutów.
Taktyki manipulacji stosowane przez pacjentów mierzono metodami ankietowymi autorstwa E. Mandal i D. Kocur, a makiawelizm skalą MACH-IV M. Christiego, F. Geis.

Wyniki

Rezultaty pokazały, że pacjenci częściej niż osoby z grupy kontrolnej byli skłonni stosować jako taktyki manipulacji: wywoływanie poczucia winy, grożenie zerwaniem relacji, samookaleczanie, a rzadziej błaganie. Natężenie skłonności do podejmowania manipulacji przez pacjentów było wyższe w życiu codziennym niż podczas terapii.
Makiawelizm pacjentów dodatnio korelował ze skłonnością do stosowania taktyk manipulacji.
Nie odnotowano różnic w zakresie makiawelizmu ogółem pomiędzy pacjentami a grupą kontrolną.

Wnioski

Taktyki manipulacji pacjentów neurotycznych mają charakter chorobowy. Powiązane są z lękiem, poczuciem winy, wrogością.
Skłonność do manipulacji pacjentów koreluje z makiawelizmem.
Childhood adversity as a moderator of the relationship between emotional reactivity and the occurrence of anxiety and depression in a non-clinical group
Authors: Dragan Wojciech , Zielińska Aleksandra , Zagdańska Marta
Published: February 2016

Cel

W badaniu podjęto próbę potwierdzenia roli reaktywności emocjonalnej i negatywnych zdarzeń z dzieciństwa dla kształtowania się zaburzeń lękowych i depresyjnych oraz określenie zakresu interakcji pomiędzy tymi czynnikami.

Metoda

W badaniu uczestniczyło 430 osób. Nasilenie reaktywności emocjonalnej określano przy wykorzystaniu Kwestionariusza FCZ-KT Zawadzkiego i Strelaua, występowanie negatywnych zdarzeń z dzieciństwa zaś przy pomocy Kwestionariusza Dzieciństwa Hardta. Występowanie zaburzeń lękowych i depresyjnych badano z zastosowaniem wywiadu ustrukturyzowanego WHO-CIDI ver. 3.0. Związek pomiędzy zmiennymi analizowano za pomocą modelu regresji logistycznej.

Wyniki

Zaobserwowano moderującą rolę liczby negatywnych zdarzeń z dzieciństwa dla relacji między reaktywnością emocjonalną a występowaniem zaburzeń lękowych i depresyjnych. W grupie osób z dużym poziomem czynnika zdarzeń negatywnych nie zaobserwowano takiej relacji dla obydwu grup zaburzeń. Przy niskim i średnim poziomie moderatora stwierdzono odmienne powiązania dla zaburzeń lękowych i depresyjnych.

Wnioski

Uzyskane rezultaty tylko częściowo dają się tłumaczyć w ramach modelu temperamentalnego czynnika ryzyka. Odmienny wzorzec zależności między nasileniem cechy temperamentu a występowaniem zaburzeń lękowych i depresyjnych występujący w zależności od liczby raportowanych zdarzeń negatywnych może wynikać z efektu kumulacji negatywnych konsekwencji doświadczeń tego typu.
Trichotillomania, trichophagia, trichobezoar – summary of three cases. Endoscopic follow up scheme in trichotillomania
Authors: Wolski Marek , Gawłowska-Sawosz Marta , Gogolewski Michał , Wolańczyk Tomasz , Albrecht Piotr , Kamiński Andrzej
Published: February 2016

Cel

Trichotillomania to brak kontroli nad przymusem wyrywania własnych włosów. Choroba ta dotyczy ok. 1% populacji. W 20% przypadków wyrywaniu włosów towarzyszy ich połykanie - trichofagia. U 30% pacjentów z trichofagią na skutek gromadzenia się włosów w przewodzie pokarmowym dochodzi do tworzenia trichobezoaru.

Metoda

W latach 2008-2014 operowano 3 pacjentki z powodu trichobezoaru. U jednej z operowanych pacjentek rozpoznano wcześniej trichotillomanię. U wszystkich pacjentek badanie USG i RTG jamy brzusznej wykazało obecność guza w żołądku. W TK jamy brzusznej wykonanym u dwóch pacjentek rozpoznano trichobezoar.

Wyniki

Bezoary były usunięte z żołądka podczas laparotomii z nacięciem żołądka a w jednym przypadku – zespół Roszpunki – również z jelita cienkiego. Po zakończeniu leczenia chirurgicznego przekazano pacjentki pod opiekę psychiatry.

Wnioski

Problemem pozostaje kontrola pooperacyjna pacjentów z trichobezoarem, a także pozostałych pacjentów z trichotillomanią pod kątem gromadzenia się włosów w przewodzie pokarmowym. Zaproponowano schemat kontroli endoskopowej pacjentów w 6, 12, i 24 miesiącu po operacji oraz u pacjentów z rozpoznaną trichotillomanią.
Demographic, clinical, and psychological factors influencing sexual activity cessation in patients with angiographically-confirmed ischaemic heart disease
Authors: Sobczak Maria , Qawoq Haval , Krawczyk Magdalena , Wierzbowska-Drabik Karina , Kasprzak Jarosław
Published: February 2016

Cel

Aktywność seksualna stanowi ważny aspekt zdrowia, rzutujący istotnie na samoocenę jakości życia. Celem pracy była analiza powrotu do aktywności seksualnej pacjentów z IHD po hospitalizacji związanej z diagnostyką inwazyjną naczyń wieńcowych oraz identyfikacja czynników predysponujących do zaprzestania aktywności seksualnej.

Metoda

Retrospektywnej analizie poddano 98 pacjentów z potwierdzoną angiograficznie chorobą wieńcową. Oceniano zarówno czynniki demograficzne, kliniczne jak i psychologiczne. Do oceny psychologicznej wykorzystano: Skalę Depresji Becka, Inwentarz Stanu i Cechy Lęku, Skalę Akceptacji Choroby oraz kwestionariusz do oceny jakości życia EuroQol-5D.

Wyniki

Zaprzestanie aktywności seksualnej po hospitalizacji w celu wykonania diagnostyki inwazyjnej naczyń wieńcowych dotyczyło blisko 1/3 pacjentów z IHD w obserwacji 6-miesięcznej. Nie stwierdzono istotnych statystycznie różnic w odsetkach pacjentów aktywnych seksualnie i z zaprzestaniem aktywności ze względu na płeć, natomiast młodsi pacjenci rzadziej zaprzestawali aktywności seksualnej (p=0,0056). Pacjenci dalej aktywni seksualnie odczuwali istotnie niższy poziom lęku jako cecha (p=0,0003) i jako stan (p=0,001). Pacjenci dalej aktywni seksualnie istotnie lepiej akceptowali chorobę (p=0,002) w chwili zakończenia hospitalizacji indeksowej, oraz odczuwali istotnie mniejsze natężenie depresji (p=0,02).

Wnioski

Zaprzestanie aktywności seksualnej przez pacjentów z IHD po hospitalizacji związanej z koronarografią wiąże się z wiekiem, pozostawaniem poza związkiem, otyłością, niższą jakością życia, depresją, wyższym natężeniem lęku, niższą akceptacją choroby. Niedocenianie lub pomijanie przez lekarzy sfery zdrowia seksualnego pacjentów hospitalizowanych z powodu IHD, wpływa na powrót do aktywności seksualnej pacjentów. Pacjenci z IHD, którzy podczas hospitalizacji odbyli rozmowę z lekarzem na temat wpływu choroby kardiologicznej oraz przebytego inwazyjnego zabiegu na funkcjonowanie seksualne, częściej wracają do aktywności seksualnej w obserwacji 6-miesięcznej.
Prevalence of self-reported insomnia in general population of Poland
Authors: Nowicki Zbigniew , Grabowski Karol , Cubała Wiesław , Nowicka-Sauer Katarzyna , Zdrojewski Tomasz , Rutkowski Marcin , Bandosz Piotr
Published: February 2016

Cel

Celem niniejszego doniesienia jest przedstawienie wyników badań dotyczących skarg związanych z zaburzeniami snu – subiektywnej bezsenności, przeprowadzonych w ramach programu oceny czynników ryzyka chorób układu sercowo-naczyniowego NATPOL.

Metoda

Grupa badana składała się z 2413 osób (w tym 1245 kobiet i 1168 mężczyzn) w wieku 18-79 lat i była reprezentatywna dla populacji Polski. W kwestionariuszu zaprojektowanym na potrzeby badania NATPOL uwzględniono pytania dotyczące przebiegu snu nocnego. Kwestionariusz był wypełniany przez przeszkolone pielęgniarki podczas osobistych wizyt w miejscu zamieszkania osób biorących udział w badaniu. W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono jedynie wyniki dotyczące skarg na problemy ze snem.

Wyniki

Rozpowszechnienie skarg dotyczących snu w grupie badanej wyniosło 50,5% (58,9% wśród kobiet i 41,4% wśród mężczyzn). Subiektywna bezsenność była najczęstsza wśród kobiet w wieku 60-79 lat. Deklarowało ją 74,8%. Trudności w zasypianiu deklarowało 60,2% badanych, 45,5% utrzymywanie ciągłości snu, 26,4% przedwczesne ranne budzenie.

Wnioski

Wyniki badania sugerują, że subiektywna bezsenność jest w populacji Polski powszechnym problemem. Subiektywna bezsenność jest najczęstsza u kobiet i u osób w starszym wieku. Najczęściej skargi dotyczą trudności w zasypianiu.
Differential diagnosis of “Religious or Spiritual Problem” – possibilities and limitations implied by the V-code 62.89 in DSM-5
Authors: Prusak Jacek
Published: February 2016

Cel

Prace nad przygotowaniem DSM-5 stały się pretekstem do badań i refleksji nad wpływem czynników religijnych i duchowych na fenomenologię, diagnozę różnicującą, przebieg, koniec i prognozę leczenia zaburzeń psychicznych. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie podejścia klasyfikacji DSM do religii i duchowości w kontekście klinicznym. Chociaż ten system klasyfikacji nie obowiązuje w Polsce, w odróżnieniu od ICD, daje możliwość spojrzenia na doświadczenia religijne i duchowe w inny, niż jedynie, psychopatologiczny sposób.

Metoda

Analizie zostanie poddany kod V 62.89 od strony historycznej, empirycznej oraz klinicznej.

Wyniki

Pojawienie się w DSM-IV nieredukcjonistycznego podejścia do religii i duchowości można uznać za przejaw rozwoju tej klasyfikacji psychiatrycznej w odniesieniu do kwestii diagnozy różnicującej religię i duchowość od psychopatologii. DSM-5 jeszcze wyraźniej umieścił religię i duchowość w kontekście kulturowym, i uwzględnił jej miejsce w diagnozie klinicznej. Pozostał jednak przy wcześniejszej postaci V 62.89, co stanowi przestrzeń do dalszej refleksji i badań nad zdefiniowaniem tego kodu biorąc pod uwagę możliwości i ograniczenia psychopatologii opisowej i struktury DSM.

Wnioski

Rozwój DSM, od jego czwartej edycji, przyniósł ze sobą zmianę spojrzenia na religię i duchowość w kontekście diagnozy klinicznej. Wprowadzenie kodu V. 62.89 zwiększyło możliwości diagnozy różnicującej pomiędzy religią/duchowością a zdrowiem/psychopatologią. Położenie silniejszego akcentu na przejawy różnorodności kulturowej umożliwiło nieredukcjonistyczne i niepatologizujące spojrzenie na problemy religijne i duchowe. Z drugiej strony medykalizacja i psychiatryzacja różnych problemów egzystencjalnych jaka widoczna jest w kolejnych edycjach DSM zachęca do patologizującego spojrzenia na problemy religijne czy duchowe. Kliniczne spojrzenie na religię i duchowość powinno więc wyjść poza ograniczenia samego DSM.
Letter to Editor. How to understand the fundamentalism and acts of terrorism?
Authors: Brodziak Andrzej , Różyk-Myrta Alicja , Ziółko Ewa
Published: February 2016

bez streszczenia
Blunt chest trauma: soft tissue injury in the thorax
Authors: Zreik Nasri H , Francis Irene , Ray Arun , Rogers Benedict A , Ricketts David M
Published: February 2016

The management of blunt chest trauma is evolving. This article discusses the soft tissue injuries associated with blunt chest trauma.
Liver biopsy: past, present and future
Authors: Ravindran Srivathsan , Hancox Sarah H , Howlett David C
Published: February 2016

Liver biopsy is an integral part of evaluation of liver disease. Indications and techniques have developed to allow functional and prognostic liver assessment, along with biochemistry and dynamic imaging, in both diffuse and focal liver disease. However, non-invasive techniques are changing the way clinicians use liver biopsy.
Tracheostomies for the non-expert 2: routine and emergency care
Authors: Lalabekyan B , Donohue CI , Burdett E
Published: February 2016

Recent reports have emphasized shortcomings in routine and emergency care leading to adverse outcomes in patients with tracheostomies. This two-part article provides a guide to the principles of care for staff looking after adult patients with tracheostomies in the hospital. The second part looks at routine and emergency care.
Research roundup: February 2016
Authors: Greener Mark
Published: February 2016

In brief

Good adherence to statins cuts the risk of ischemic strokes in patients with diabetes A new study questions the conventional view of asthma in adolescence New evidence offers ‘strong support’ for reducing systolic blood pressure to less than 130 mmHg Oral fluconazole during pregnancy increases the risk of spontaneous abortion
What acute care nurses should know about stroke medications
Authors: Catangui Elmer
Published: February 2016

Stroke is a debilitating condition that causes neurological dysfunction, which affects a person’s ability to think, communicate, mobilise, and to maintain balance or coordination. This article will discuss the treatment options available, including medical and surgical interventions. Common medications used in acute ischaemic stroke will be discussed, and the nursing role in safe drug administration will be described. A case-study approach is used to describe a patient scenario, which will provide a good understanding of the prescription of stroke medications, based on recommendations from clinical guidelines and evidence-based practice.
The National Diabetes Prevention Programme: Working with patients to reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Phillips Anne
Published: February 2016

Nurse prescribers are well placed to prescribe medication for people with type 2 diabetes, but it is important that those at risk of the condition are identified before the disease develops and medication is required. This article investigates the introduction of the UK National Diabetes Prevention Programme and examines the evidence from previous programmes, all of which have confirmed the need for a concerted effort to prevent type 2 diabetes through timely diagnosis of non-diabetic hyperglycaemia and referral to diabetes prevention interventions that are focused on behavioural changes. The importance of NHS Health Checks and opportunities for primary and secondary intervention measures are also stressed.
Mental health nurses’ medicines management role: A qualitative content analysis
Authors: Hemingway Steve
Published: February 2016

Aim

This study explores the medicines management role undertaken by mental health nurses (MHNs) in a variety of clinical specialisms and contexts.

Method

Ten MHNs were interviewed and audiotaped. Qualitative content analysis of the transcribed interviews was undertaken.

Results

The findings evidence the wide-ranging skills and knowledge MHNS demonstrate when prescribing psychotropic medication, and how they engage with service users and other health professionals. Four themes emerged that illustrated how the participants undertook these interventions: medicines management in context; managing time; knowledge and skill used; and collaboration with other health professionals. Medicines management therefore needs a greater emphasis for service users to achieve optimum outcomes from the drugs they are prescribed.
Social media misconduct – a cautionary tale for employees
Authors: Payne Joanne
Published: February 2016

Social media misconduct is becoming more common, as employees can forget about the risks of offensive remarks being reported back to an employer, or mistakenly believe action cannot be taken in such circumstances. Joanne Payne explains what you need to know
Defeating the hackers: protecting your care home
Authors: Bernstein Adam
Published: February 2016

We live in a time where it is easy to come under threat from a cyber attack. With this in mind, Adam Bernstein provides advice on the steps care homes can take to ensure they are protected against threats and highlights the importance of forward planning
Implementing the Care Certificate: nutritional safety
Authors: Ashurst Adrian
Published: February 2016

In the latest in a series of articles on the Care Certificate, Adrian Ashurst discusses the importance of maintaining food safety and ensuring staff provide older people with a diet that is balanced, nutritious and enjoyable
Dropped inhibitions in dementia: the neglected side of the coin
Authors: Mendes Aysha
Published: February 2016

Recalling two personal stories of women who have experienced the effects dementia has on a loved one, Aysha Mendes looks at how behaviour caused by a loss of inhibition can be inappropriate, but can also serve to open up people and enrich relationships
The dynamics of nutrient, toxic phytoplankton, nontoxic phytoplankton and zooplankton model
Authors: Hussien Hasnaa Fiesal Mohammed , Naji Raid Kamel , Majeed Azhar Abbas
Published: February 2016

The objective of this paper is to study the dynamical behavior of an aquatic food web system. A mathematical model that includes nutrients, phytoplankton and zooplankton is proposed and analyzed. It is assumed that, the phytoplankton divided into two compartments namely toxic phytoplankton which produces a toxic substance as a defensive strategy against predation by zooplankton, and a nontoxic phytoplankton. All the feeding processes in this food web are formulating according to the Lotka-Volterra functional response. This model is represented mathematically by the set of nonlinear differential equations. The existence, uniqueness and boundedness of the solution of this model are investigated. The local and global stability conditions of all possible equilibrium points are established. The occurrence of local bifurcation and Hopf bifurcation are investigated. Finally, numerical simulation is used to study the global dynamics of this model.
Life-long learning and graphic design
Yaşam boyu öğrenme ve grafik tasarım
Authors: Çaydere Osman
Published: February 2016

Design is an appearance of an entire product or part thereof composed of various elements and features, such as lines, forms, colors, shape, texture, material flexibility, or decorations, perceived by human senses. It is possible to say that designing process contains the steps of identification of issue or necessity, gathering information, creativity and discovery process, troubleshooting, and application. From this aspect, the basic goal of graphic design, a visual communication tool and art, is to convey a message or to introduce a product/service. Nowadays, computers and other relevant technological devices have come to the area of usage of graphic design. In this study, it is aimed to find out where education of graphic design having importance for life-long learning is provided by which institutions in our country, and the present status of municipalities and Public Training Centers, among mass education institutions, in central districts of Ankara Province with respect to graphic design education. ÖzetTasarım, bir ürünün tamamının veya bir parçasının çizgi, şekil, renk, biçim, doku, malzemenin esnekliği veya süslemesi gibi insan duyuları ile algılanabilen çeşitli unsur ve özelliklerin oluşturduğu görünümdür. Tasarım sürecinin; problemin ya da ihtiyacın tanımı, bilgi toplama, yaratıcılık ve buluş süreci, çözüm bulma, uygulama evrelerini içerdiği söylenebilir. Bu yönüyle, görsel bir iletişim aracı ve sanatı olan grafik tasarımın temel amacı bir mesaj iletmek veya bir ürünü- hizmeti tanıtmaktır. Günümüzde bilgisayar ve ilgili diğer teknolojik aletler grafik tasarımın kullanım alanına girmiştir. Bu araştırmada, yaşam boyu öğrenme açısından önemli bir yere sahip olan grafik tasarım eğitiminin ülkemizde hangi kurumlarda verildiği ve Ankara ili merkez ilçelerinde yaygın eğitim kurumlarından belediyelerin ve halk eğitim merkezlerinin grafik tasarım eğitimi açısından mevcut durumunun ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır.
Relation of life-long learning and social media in music education
Müzik eğitiminde hayat boyu öğrenme ve sosyal medya ilişkisi
Authors: Öztosun Çaydere Öznur
Published: February 2016

In the study, an answer is looked for to the question of how youngsters utilize Facebook in acquisition of knowledge of music. By determining the process of acquisition of knowledge of music, communication and access to knowledge by those students attending to music departments of universities via Facebook, a social media environment, it is aimed to set forth its relation to life-long learning. The study will be performed in a format of case study as a qualitative research in this context by means of interview with students of music department, who are Facebook users. In line with study results, suggestions shall be put forward. ÖzetYaşam boyu öğrenme, bireysel veya toplumsal gerçekleşen öğrenmeler olarak tanımlanabilir. Yaşam boyu öğrenme planlı veya plansız öğrenmeleri kapsayabilir. Plansız öğrenmeler kapsamında sosyal medyanın bilgiye ulaşma ve bilgiyi kullanma yönünde yaşam boyu öğrenmeye katkı sağladığı düşünülebilir. Bu bağlamda araştırmada, müzik bölümü öğrencilerinin müzik konusunda Facebook’ tan nasıl yararlandıkları sorusuna cevap aramaktadır. Üniversitelerin müzik bölümlerinde okuyan öğrencilerin sosyal medya ortamı olan Facebook tan müzik konusunda bilgi edinme, iletişim ve bilgiye ulaşma süreçlerinin tespit edilerek, hayat boyu öğrenmeyle olan ilişkisinin ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır.  Araştırma, bu kapsamda nitel araştırma türünde, durum çalışması deseninde,  Facebook kullanıcısı olan müzik bölümü öğrencileri ile görüşme tekniği kullanılarak gerçekleştirilecektir. Araştırma sonuçları paralelinde öneriler sunulacaktır.
Post-Abortion Syndrome and nursing approaches
Post-Abortus Sendromu ve hemşirelik yaklaşımları
Authors: Aba Yılda Arzu , Ergün Gül
Published: February 2016

The relation between the life outputs, are associated especially with the mental health outputs at Abortus and the period that follows it. Post-Abortus Syndrome (PAS) is the concept of abortus trauma management that show up with the chronic or delayed symptoms as a result of the hidden emotional reactions that are experienced because of the post-abortus physical and psychological trauma. The individual, the systemic and the social factors that are existing at post-Abortus women affect PAS development. The interventions, in general, that are oriented towards mental problems of the individual at the PAS period, focused on the  individual’s sufficiency and efficiency for coping with all the problems that are faced in her life. There is no any program that is developed for post-Abortus women or their family in our country. It is important for the individual who is diagnosed with PAS to receive consultancy from a health professional for her recovery from the period. ÖzetAbortus ve bunu izleyen süreçte yaşam sonuçları arasındaki ilişki özellikle mental sağlık sonuçlarıyla ilişkilendirilmektedir. Post-Abortus Sendromu (PAS), abortus sonrası fiziksel ve psikolojik travma nedeniyle deneyimlenen gizlenmiş duygusal tepkiler sonucu, kronik ya da gecikmiş belirtilerle ortaya çıkan abortus travmasını yönetebilme kavramıdır. Abortus sonrası kadınlarda var olan bireysel, sistemik ve sosyal faktörler PAS gelişimini etkilemektedir. PAS dönemindeki bireyin ruhsal sorunlarına yönelik yapılan müdahaleler genel olarak, bireyin yaşamında karşılaştığı tüm sorunlarla başetmesinde yeterli ve etkili hale gelmesine odaklanır. Ülkemizde abortus sonrası kadınlara ya da ailelerine yönelik geliştirilen herhangi bir program bulunmamaktadır. PAS tanısı alan bireyin süreci atlatabilmesi için sağlık profesyoneli tarafından danışmanlık alması önemlidir.
Age-Related Changes in Postural Sway Are Not Consistent Between Land and Aquatic Environments
Authors: Bressel Eadric , Louder Talin J. , Dolny Dennis G.
Published: February 2016

Background and Purpose:

Quantifying how the environment (land vs water) influences age-related changes in postural sway is important for the development of new therapies that improve balance. The authors are not aware of any previous studies that have compared postural sway in an aquatic environment between age groups or when water depth and/or perturbations are incorporated into the comparison. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of water depth and jet intensity on postural sway in older and younger adults.

Methods:

Sixteen older (age = 62.8 ± 9.56 years) and 15 younger (age = 22.5 ± 1.85 years) adults participated. Participants stood quietly for 90 seconds on land and at various water depths and jet intensities while center of pressure (CoP) sway was recorded using a force platform.

Results:

Statistical comparisons revealed that CoP range and area measurements were different between land and aquatic conditions (P = .04 − .001). For example, CoP sway area in chest deep water (8.51 ± 2.97 cm2) was greater than on land (2.41 ± 1.37 cm2; effect size = 2.05). Furthermore, CoP sway area at the 60% jet intensity (71.4 ± 31.2 cm2) was substantially greater than at the 20% jet intensity (12.4 ± 6.23 cm2; effect size = 1.89). Surprisingly, the proportion of change across water depths and jet intensities was not consistent between older and younger groups as indicated by significant age by environment interactions (P = .03 − .001). Follow-up tests indicated that older adults swayed less than younger adults in water at the level of the hip (effect sizes = 0.42-0.94) and when water jets were applied at a 60% jet intensity (effect sizes = 0.63-1.97).

Conclusions:

Water immersion to the chest with high jet intensities produces the greatest CoP sway in both groups. This is likely a result of buoyancy and perturbation intensity. Less sway in the older group may reflect a strategy that reduces degrees of freedom for this group when faced with these stability challenges.
The Subcutaneous Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator: A Practical Review and Real-World Use and Application
Authors: Panna Mark E. , Miles William M.
Published: February 2016

The subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) is a novel technology using a subcutaneous (extrathoracic) system for treatment of potential lethal ventricular arrhythmias. It avoids many of the risks of transvenous ICD implantation. It may be considered in patients having an ICD indication who do not have a pacing and/or cardiac resynchronization therapy indication, and who are unlikely to benefit from antitachycardia pacing therapy. We review patient selection, system components, the implantation technique, and screening considerations for subcutaneous ICD implantation. Its uses in specific patient populations, including children, patients with congenital heart disease, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or end-stage renal disease, and patients with preexisting pacemakers, are highlighted. Areas of future investigation are reviewed, including potential use with leadless pacing and magnetic resonance imaging.
Changing the Way We “See” Scar: How Multimodality Imaging Fits in the Electrophysiology Laboratory
Authors: Wokhlu Anita
Published: February 2016

Substrate characterization is the mainstay of ablation for ventricular tachycardia (VT). Although the use of electroanatomic voltage mapping (EAVM) in the electrophysiology (EP) laboratory has enabled real-time approximation of myocardial scar, it has limitations. This is related to the subjective and tedious nature of voltage mapping and the challenges of defining the transmurality of scar. Various noninvasive methods of scar assessment have emerged, with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) being the most accurate. Integrated MRI and electroanatomic voltage mapping studies demonstrate good correlation. Nonetheless, MRI has advantages. These include (1) preprocedure identification of epicardial and intramural scar, (2) assessment of ablative lesion formation after unsuccessful ablations, (3) identification of heterogeneous regions of scar, where critical conducting channels are likely to occur, and (4) predictive value in the assessment of sudden cardiac death (SCD). Integration of scar imaging in ventricular tachycardia ablation and risk stratification has great potential to advance the practice of arrhythmia management.
AG and UAG induce β-casein expression via activation of ERK1/2 and AKT pathways
Authors: Li Sunan , Liu Juxiong , Lv Qingkang , Zhang Chuan , Xu Shiyao , Yang Dongxue , Huang Bingxu , Zeng Yalong , Gao Yingjie , Wang Wei
Published: February 2016

The ghrelin peptides were found to circulate in two major forms: acylated ghrelin (AG) and unacylated ghrelin (UAG). Previous studies showed that AG regulates β-casein (CSN2) expression in mammary epithelial cells. However, little is known about the mechanisms by which AG regulates CSN2 gene and protein expression. Evidence suggests that UAG has biological activity through GHSR1a-independent mechanisms. Here, we investigated the possible GHSR1a-mediated effect of UAG on the expression of CSN2 in primary bovine mammary epithelial cells (pbMECs) isolated from lactating cow. We found that both AG and UAG increase the expression of CSN2 in a dose-dependent manner in pbMECs in comparison with the control group. Increased expression of CSN2 was blocked by [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6 (an antagonist of the GHSR1a) and NF449 (a Gs-α subunit inhibitor) in pbMECs. In addition, both AG and UAG activated AKT/protein kinase B (AKT) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) pathways, whereas [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6 and NF449 inhibited the phosphorylation of AKT and ERK1/2 in pbMECs respectively. Blockade of ERK1/2 and AKT signaling pathways prevented the expression of CSN2 induced by AG or UAG. Finally, we found that both AG and UAG cause cell proliferation through identical signaling pathways. Taken together, these results demonstrate that both AG and UAG act on ERK1/2 and AKT signaling pathways to facilitate the expression of CSN2 in a GHSR1a-dependent manner.
A Twin Study of Perthes Disease
Authors: Metcalfe David , Van Dijck Stephanie , Parsons Nicolas , Christensen Kaare , Perry Daniel C.
Published: February 2016

BACKGROUND:

Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD) is an idiopathic avascular necrosis of the femoral head. Its etiology is poorly understood, although previous studies have implicated low birth weight and possible genetic determinants. The aim of this study was to identify potential birth weight and genetic associations with LCPD.

METHODS:

We extracted all twin pairs from the Danish Twin Registry (DTR) in which at least 1 individual had LCPD. The DTR captures every twin pair born alive in Denmark, and those with LCPD were identified by using health record linkage. Probanwise concordance was calculated to describe the likelihood that any given individual had LCPD if their co-twin was also diagnosed.

RESULTS:

There were 81 twin pairs: 10 monozygotic, 51 dizygotic, and 20 unclassified (unknown zygosity [UZ]). There was no association between birth weight and being the affected co-twin. Four pairs (2 dizygotic and 2 UZ) were concordant for LCPD, which is greater than would be expected assuming no familial aggregation. There were no concordant monozygotic twin pairs. The overall probandwise concordance was 0.09 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.01–0.18): 0.00 for the monozygotic, 0.08 (95% CI: 0.00–0.18) for the dizygotic, and 0.18 (95% CI: 0.00–0.40) for the UZ twin pairs.

CONCLUSIONS:

This study found evidence of familial clustering in LCPD but did not show a genetic component. The absolute risk that a co-twin of an affected individual will develop LCPD is low, even in the case of monozygotic twin pairs.
Whose Myth? Archaeological Data, Interpretations, and Implications for the Human Association with Extinct Pleistocene Fauna at Akrotiri Aetokremnos, Greece
Authors: Simmons Alan H.
Published: February 2016

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Cypriot Hippo Hunters No Myth
Authors: Reese David S.
Published: February 2016

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The Influence of Experimental Method on English Syllabification
Authors: Eddington David , Cairns Ross J.
Published: February 2016

A number of experimental methods have been used to elicit metalinguistic judgments about syllable division, a good deal of which deals with the syllabification of English words. However the syllabification literature is largely silent on the issue of intratask reliability, that is, whether the tasks all yield the same kinds of intuitions from speakers. Côté and Kharlamov (2011) gathered data from Russian speakers who syllabified nonce words in four different experimental conditions. When the results were compared they observed widely different results in many instances. This suggests that syllabification preferences are highly influenced by the particular task used to elicit them, which in turn casts doubt on the intratask reliability of syllabification studies. In order to test the reliability of different experimental methods in English, syllable divisions of 120 English words were elicited with eight different experimental tasks. In a mixed-effects logistic regression, no main effect of experimental method was found, although the method showed some interaction with stress and the legality of the consonant cluster word-initially and word-finally. Reasons why these results differ from those of Côté and Kharlamov are discussed, some of which are due to methodological flaws in their analysis.
OUTRAS ALEGRIAS: CACHAÇA E CAUIM NA EMBRIAGUEZ MBYÁ-GUARANI
Authors: Heurich Guilherme Orlandini
Published: February 2016

Resumo A partir de trabalho de campo realizado entre os Mbyá-guarani, este artigo procura compreender os sentidos que toma a embriaguez proporcionada pelo consumo de cachaça, focando na descrição dos Mbyá sobre a alteração e os "bailes", bem como na relação entre a cachaça e os espectros ãgue. Lanço mão da expressão "outras alegrias" que descreve a alegria proporcionada pelos bailes e pela embriaguez, principalmente em oposição à alegria experienciada na "casa cerimonial" (opy). Mostro, por outro lado, que as "outras alegrias" precisam ser pensadas também como "alegrias-Outras", pois quando a embriaguez se torna raiva contra os próprios parentes, os mortos aparecem como o sujeito primordial dessa alteração que a cachaça proporciona. Por fim, associo a embriaguez de cachaça a etnografias sobre cauinagens de outros povos ameríndios, sugerindo aproximações e diferenças com esses contextos. Para os Mbyá, a embriaguez é uma forma de alegria e também de alteração, na qual a pessoa se aproxima dos espíritos dos mortos e pode, no limite, tomar os seus parentes por contrários.