bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abstract P872: Persistent Inequities in Intravenous Thrombolysis for Acute Ischemic Stroke in the United States: Results From the Nationwide Inpatient Sample
Authors: Sun Philip Y , Zheng Ling , Lin Michelle P , Cen Steven , Sanossian Nerses , Kim May A , Mack William , Towfighi Amytis
Published: March 2021

Background:
Intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) was approved for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) 25 yrs ago, yet few AIS patients receive it, with inequities by race/ethnicity, sex, and geography. With expanding evidence-based programs, we hypothesized increases in IVT utilization and reduction in inequities.

Methods:
Using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS), we assessed temporal trends from 2002 to 2015 in IVT for AIS (weighted N=6,694,081) by sex, race/ethnicity, age, insurance, and hospital location/teaching status strata using survey
-
weighted logistic regression. Covariates included socio-demographics, comorbidities, and hospital characteristics. We calculated odds ratios for IVT by each category in 2002-2008 and 2009-2015.

Results:
IVT for AIS increased from 1.0% in 2002 to 6.8% in 2015, with an overall adjusted annual relative ratio (AARR) of 1.15 (CI 1.14-1.16). Individuals 18-44 yrs had the highest rate of IVT in 2015. The very elderly (≥85 yrs) had the most pronounced increase in IVT (AARR 1.18, CI 1.17-1.19). The sex disparity in IVT improved, but in 2009-2015, women were still 6% less likely to receive IVT than men (Fig 1). Individuals 18-44 yrs were ~3-fold more likely to receive IVT than the very elderly. IVT inequities for black and Hispanic stroke survivors lessened, but blacks remained ~20% less likely than whites to receive IVT. Government-insured patients were ~25% less likely to receive IVT compared to privately insured. Urban AIS patients were up to 4-fold more likely to receive IVT than rural dwellers.

Conclusion:
From 2002 through 2015, IVT for AIS in the U.S. increased regardless of race/ethnicity, sex, and age among ≥18 yrs, with the most pronounced increase among the very elderly. Despite encouraging trends, only 1 in 15 AIS patients received IVT and persistent inequities remain for blacks, women, government-insured, and rural stroke survivors, highlighting the need for intensifying stroke literacy and preparedness and enhancing systems of care.
Abstract P877: Race-Ethnic Disparities in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Outcomes
Authors: Bustillo Antonio , hassouneh zakariya , Wang Kefeng , Gardener Hannah , Gutierrez Carolina M , Sur Nicole B , Asdaghi Negar , Romano Jose G , Rundek Tatjana , Ayodele Maranatha , Marulanda-londono Erika T , Sacco Ralph L , Koch Sebastian
Published: March 2021

Introduction:
Prior literature has reported differences in outcomes following stroke by race/ethnicity. While more attention has been focused on ischemic stroke, we sought to identify race/ethnic disparities in hospital outcomes at discharge following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).

Methods:
Data were obtained from the Florida Stroke Registry (FSR) consisting of stroke centers utilizing the Get With the Guidelines-Stroke (GWTG-S) tool. Pearson Chi-square and Kruskall-Wallis tests were used to compare descriptive statistics by race/ethnicity on 26,113 Florida cases with ICH discharged 2010-2018. Outcomes at discharge included in-hospital mortality, disposition, ambulation, modified Rankin Scale score & timing of initiation of comfort measures only (CMO). Generalized estimating equations logistic models accounted for age, sex, insurance, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, prior anti-coagulant/platelet use, history of stroke/TIA, admission NIHSS, ICH score, arrival mode, hospital size, teaching status & years in GWTG-S.

Results:
65% were non-Hispanic White (NHW), 20% non-Hispanic Black (NHB) and 15% Hispanic. NHB were younger at ICH onset (median 60, IQR 52-71; NHW: 71, 58-81; Hispanic: 69, 52-80; p < 0.0001), had higher risk of hypertension (HTN; 74%; NHW: 66%; Hispanic: 64%; p < 0.0001), diabetes (29%; NHW: 20%; Hispanic: 27%; p < 0.0001), smoking (14%; NHW: 12%; Hispanic: 9%; p < 0.0001) and chronic renal insufficiency (8%; NHW: 4%; Hispanic: 4% ; p < 0.0001). NHW had higher risk of dyslipidemia (35%; NHB: 21%; Hispanic: 27%; p < 0.0001), atrial fibrillation/flutter (20%; NHB: 6%; Hispanic: 10%; p < 0.0001) and a higher use of prior anticoagulants (13%; NHB: 6%, Hispanic: 8%, p < 0.0001). NHB had lower odds of in-hospital mortality (adjusted OR=0.77, 95% CI=[0.61-0.96]) and CMO on days 0/1 (0.63, 0.45-0.87) compared to NHW.

Conclusions:
Differences in risk factor profiles, such as higher rates of HTN in NHB and greater use of anticoagulants among NHW, raises the possibility of tailoring preventive and acute care responses to ICH by race/ethnicity. Moreover, despite observing persistently lower odds of mortality and CMO among NHB after adjustment, more data are needed to identify the unobserved effects leading to these disparities.
Abstract P88: Risk of Stroke in Hospitalized SARS-Cov-2 Infected Patients a Multinational Population-Based Study
Authors: Shahjouei Shima , Naderi Soheil , Li Jiang , Chaudhary Durgesh , Griessenauer Christoph , Farahmand Ghasem , Mondello Stefania , Cernigliaro Achille , Khodadadi Faezeh , Avula Venkatesh , Ranta Anna , Punter Martin , Tsivgoulis Georgios K , Mowla Ashkan , abedi vida , Zand Ramin ,   The Multinational COVID-19 Stroke Study Group
Published: March 2021

The goal of this study was to better depict the short-term risk of stroke and its associated factors among SARS-CoV-2 hospitalized patients.

Data Source:
This multicenter, multinational observational study includes hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 patients from North and South America (United States, Canada, and Brazil), Europe (Greece, Italy, Finland, and Turkey), Asia (Lebanon, Iran, and India), and Oceania (New Zealand).

Main Outcomes and Measures:
The outcome was the risk of subsequent stroke (ischemic stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, cerebral venous/sinus thrombosis). The counts and clinical characteristics including laboratory findings and imaging of the patients with and without a subsequent stroke were recorded according to a predefined study protocol.

Data Extraction and Synthesis:
Quality, risk of bias, and heterogeneity assessments were conducted according to ROBINS-E and Cochrane Q-test. The risk of subsequent stroke was estimated through meta-analyses with random effect models. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the associated factors with the outcome measure. The study was reported according to the STROBE, MOOSE, and EQUATOR guidelines.

Results:
We received data from 18,311 hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 patients from 77 tertiary centers in 46 regions of 11 countries until May 1
st
, 2020. A total of 17,799 patients were included in meta-analyses. Among them, 156(0.9%) patients had a stroke—123(79%) ischemic stroke, 27(17%) intracerebral/subarachnoid hemorrhage, and 6(4%) cerebral sinus thrombosis. Subsequent stroke risks calculated with meta-analyses, under low to moderate heterogeneity, were 0.5% among all centers in all countries, and 0.7% among countries with higher health expenditures. The need for mechanical ventilation (OR: 1.9, 95% CI:1.1-3.5,
p
= 0.03) and the presence of ischemic heart disease (OR: 2.5, 95% CI:1.4-4.7,
p
=0·006) were predictive of stroke.

Conclusion and Relevance:
The results of this multi-national study on hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection indicated an overall stroke risk of 0.5% (pooled risk: 0.9%). The need for mechanical ventilation and the history of ischemic heart disease are the independent predictors of stroke among SARS-CoV-2 patients.
Abstract P883: A Survey of Acute Stroke Blood Pressure Management Practices in the Southeastern US
Authors: Monk Lisa , Ehrlich Matthew , Shah Shreyansh , Graffagnino Carmelo , Jollis James G , Granger Christopher , Kolls Brad
Published: March 2021

Background:
IMPROVE Stroke Care is a regional implementation science study in the Southeastern US aimed at reducing acute stroke treatment times and improving outcomes through wide scale application of best practices. Optimal blood pressure in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remains controversial. Current guidelines lack specific targets for non-tPA treated AIS or ICH. We sought to evaluate current BP management processes for acute stroke within the 65 hospitals in the IMPROVE consortium.

Methods:
A 27-question survey was conducted using Qualtrics software. Topics covered existing protocols, guideline adherence, target BP in various settings, medication availability and use cases, and EMS practices. Simple proportions were calculated.

Results:
Overall survey completion rate was 71% (Hub 8/9 (89%) and Spoke 38/56 (68%)). The majority of participating sites (89%) have BP management protocols in place, as do their transport agencies (89%). Order sets are utilized for this in 87% of Emergency Departments and 83% of Intensive Care Units. Significant variation in practice was seen regarding goal BP in AIS patients who were not tPA candidates, with ‘provider discretion’, ‘unsure’ or ‘NA’ accounting for 63% of responses. Similarly, target BP prior to and following thrombectomy varied greatly. In tPA eligible AIS patients 76% (32/42) reported goal BP in line with the AHA guideline recommendation of <185/110mmHg; 21% (9/42) reported a goal <180/100mmHg. BP goals for ICH also vary widely, with systolic goals <150mmHg (46%) and <140mmHg (24%) the most common choices, with no difference in anticoagulated patients. The first-line drugs used in ED and EMS are labetalol (ED 83%/ EMS 35%), hydralazine (10%/26%), and nicardipine (8%/26%). In the ED, medications are obtained from a ‘cart or closet’ 62%, walked from pharmacy 27%, ‘tubed’ 17%, or ‘other’ 27%. Importantly, no participating sites indicated BP control as a common reason for stroke treatment delay.

Conclusion:
The survey demonstrates that many Southeastern US hospitals have BP management protocols in place that follow guidelines where available, and have tools to prevent treatment delays, yet no consensus exists on goal BP in thrombectomy, non-tPA treated AIS and ICH patients.
Abstract P886: Differences in Medication Utilization for Secondary Stroke Prevention Between Ghanaian Stroke Patients and Stroke Patients in the United States
Authors: Olasoji Esther , SARFO FRED S , Simpkins Alexis
Published: March 2021

Introduction:
Optimization of secondary stroke prevention is an essential part of stroke care globally. We sought to assess differences in medication utilization between African Americans (AA), Non-Hispanic Whites (NW), and Ghanaians in addition to effects related to location of residence (rural versus urban).

Methods:
Data from the UFHealth institutional stroke database and the Kumasi, Ghana Stroke Survivors Registry between 01/2014 and 11/2019 provided a dataset of adult patients diagnosed with stroke from both locations. Multivariate regression analysis identified differences between country of origin, race, patient demographics, location of residence, stroke risk factors, and clinical management following stroke.

Results:
Of the 5519 patients studied, the median age was 66 (IQR 45 - 87), 16% were AA, 19% Ghanaian, 66% NW, and 51% were male. After controlling for age, sex, stroke type, and stroke risk factors, we found that in comparison to the AA and NW, patients from Ghana were more likely to be prescribed angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (OR 1.42, 1.05-1.93 95% CI), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) (OR 18.36, 13.08-25.78 95% CI), calcium channel blockers (CCB) (OR 8.35, 6.30-11.08 95% CI), statin (OR 3.26, 2.26-4.59 95% CI), anti-diabetic oral agents (OR 7.18, 4.21-12.27 95% CI); less likely to be prescribed anticoagulant (OR 0.22, 0.12-0.40 95% CI), beta blockers (BB) (OR 0.15, 0.11-0.21 95% CI), and insulin (OR 0.11, 0.06-0.20 95% CI). In comparison to AA, Ghanaians were more likely to be prescribed statin (OR 3.06, 1.93-4.86 95% CI), ARBs (OR 22.87, 13.85-37.79 95% CI), CCBs (OR 5.83, 3.94-8.62 95% CI), anti-diabetic oral agents (OR 8.89, 4.25-18.59 95% CI); less likely to live in an urban vs rural setting (OR 0.64, 0.46-0.89 95% CI), be prescribed anticoagulant (OR 0.28, 0.14-0.55 95% CI), BBs (OR 0.13, 0.0.09-0.19 95% CI), and insulin (OR 0.11, 0.05-0.23 95% CI).

Conclusion:
In conclusion, we found significant differences in the prevalence of medications prescribed for stroke prevention between Ghana and the U.S. Further research is needed to determine if these differences result in consequential differences in stroke reoccurrence between these populations.
Abstract P889: Virtual Outcomes: A Possible Strategy to Improve Retention in a Primary Stroke Prevention Trial
Authors: Whitfield Candace , SKOLARUS Lesli E , Farhan Zahera , Dinh Mackenzie , Meurer William J
Published: March 2021

Background:
Hypertension is the most important modifiable risk factor for stroke and an important contributor to the racial disparities of stroke incidence. Thus, working within the communities in which racial disparities of stroke are prevalent is important.Trials working with such communities may have low participant retention at least partially attributable to social determinants of health such as limited time, transportation and access to medical care. Trial outcome adaptations as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic allowed us to compare in-person to virtual retention strategies as a possible strategy to improve trial retention.

Methods:
Reach Out is a health system focused, multi-component, health theory based, mobile health behavioral intervention to reduce blood pressure (BP) among Emergency Department (ED) patients at a safety net hospital in the under-resourced, minority, majority community of Flint, Michigan. The primary outcome is change in systolic blood pressure. Outcomes were conducted in-person from 10/4/2019 to 3/13/2020 at various locations throughout the community that were convenient for each participant. As a result of COVID-19 and the resulting state mandated stay-at-home order, outcomes were converted to phone, text, and picture-based elements. Virtual outcomes consists of: 1) a texted picture validating BP cuff is in correct body placement; 2) 3 self-reported blood pressures; and 3) telephone outcome survey. Virtual outcomes were offered at times convenient to participants throughout the daytime, evening, and weekend.

Results:
Prior to COVID-19, 6-month outcomes were conducted in-person. Of possible in-person outcomes, 76 of 140 (54%) were completed. Tele-outcomes commenced on 4/9/2020. As of 8/18/2020, 63 of 132 (48%) 6-month tele-outcomes, and 38 of 59 (64%) 12-month tele-outcomes have been completed. Total tele-outcomes completed are 101 of 191 (53%). 6 participants have completed 12-month tele-outcomes, who did not complete 6-month in-person outcomes.

Conclusion:
In a mobile health behavioral intervention to reduce hypertension among patients who received care at a safety-net ED, we found that participant retention was similar between in-person and virtual outcome assessments. Virtual outcomes obviate the need for transportation and childcare, barriers to participation for some participants and could help increase the retention rate in future trials.
Abstract P9: Mid-Regional Pro-Adrenomedullin as a Novel Biomarker of Transient Ischemic Attack
Authors: Hosoki Satoshi , Washida Kazuo , Nakaoku Yuriko , Koyama Teruhide , Ishiyama Hiroyuki , Yoshimoto Takeshi , Ikenouchi Hajime , Hattori Yorito , Koga Masatoshi , Toyoda Kazunori , Kuriyama Nagato , Nishimura Kunihiro , Ihara Masafumi
Published: March 2021

Background:
Transient ischemic attack (TIA) is often a warning sign for ischemic stroke within a couple of months and should be treated as an emergency disease. However, the symptoms often disappear within a few hours, making the diagnosis of TIA difficult. The peptide hormone adrenomedullin (AM) increases during the acute phase of ischemic stroke because AM is produced by vascular endothelial cells as a biological defense mechanism against hypoxia and oxidative stress during cerebral ischemia. Therefore, we hypothesized that the blood levels of mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin (MR-pro-AM), half-life of which is several hours and much longer than AM, in patients with TIA could be a useful biomarker for the diagnosis of TIA.

Method:
We retrospectively compared the blood levels of MR-pro-AM using stored peripheral blood samples of the TIA cohort within 14 days from onset in the National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center from April 1, 2016 to March 30, 2019, and those of the population-based cohort of the Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine.

Results:
The TIA cohort (n = 39) was significantly older (73 vs. 58 years old) and showed higher frequency of cerebrovascular risk factors and higher levels of MR-pro-AM (0.584 vs. 0.418 nmol/l) than the population-based cohort (n = 1298). The MR-pro-AM level was significantly associated with TIA: odds ratio (OR) per 0.1 nmol/l MR-pro-AM increment was 2.8 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.2-3.6) in univariable analysis and 1.5 (95% CI = 1.1-2.1) in multivariable analysis with sex, age, chronic kidney disease and cerebrovascular risk factors as covariates. The cutoff value of MR-pro-AM was 0.523 nmol/l based on receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for TIA, with a sensitivity of 69% and a specificity of 88% (area under the curve = 0.78). Moreover, the model with the blood level of MR-pro-AM in addition to the prediction model the ABCD
2
score predicted TIA more accurately (net reclassification improvement = 1.14, p < 0.001). The MR-pro-AM level was found significantly higher in the TIA cohort than the population-based cohort after propensity score-matching (0.665 vs. 0.525 nmol/l, p = 0.047).

Conclusion:
MR-pro-AM may be a promising diagnostic biomarker for TIA.
Abstract P91: Excess Cerebrovascular Mortality in the U.S. During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Sharma Richa , Kuohn Lindsey , Weinberger Daniel , Warren Joshua , Sansing Lauren H , Jasne Adam , Falcone Guido J , Dhand Amar , Sheth Kevin N
Published: March 2021

Introduction:
The magnitude and drivers of excess cerebrovascular-specific mortality during the coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) pandemic are unknown. We aim to quantify excess stroke-related death and characterize its association with psychosocial factors and emerging COVID-19 related mortality.

Methods:
U.S. and state-level excess cerebrovascular deaths from January-May 2020 were quantified by Poisson regression models built using National Center for Health Statistic (NCHS) data. Weekly excess cerebrovascular deaths in the U.S. were analyzed as functions of time-varying, weekly stroke-related EMS calls and weekly COVID-19 deaths by univariable linear regression. A state-level negative binomial regression analysis was performed to determine the association between excess cerebrovascular deaths and social distancing (degree of change in mobility per Google COVID-19 Community Mobility Reports) during the height of the pandemic after the first COVID-19 death (February 29, 2020), adjusting for cumulative COVID-19 related deaths and completeness of deaths attributable to COVID-19 in NCHS.

Findings:
There were 918 more cerebrovascular deaths than expected from January 1-May 16
th
, 2020 in the U.S. Excess cerebrovascular mortality occurred during every week between March 28-May 2
nd
, 2020, up to 7.8% during the week of April 18
th
. Decreased stroke-related EMS calls were associated with excess stroke deaths one (β -0.06, 95% CI -0.11, -0.02) and two weeks (β -0.08, 95% CI -0.12, -0.04) later. There was no significant association between weekly excess stroke death and COVID-19 death. Twenty-three states and NYC experienced excess cerebrovascular mortality during the pandemic height. At the state level, a 10% increase in social distancing was associated with a 4.3% increase in stroke deaths (IRR 1.043, 95% CI 1.001–1.085) after adjusting for COVID-19 mortality.

Conclusions:
Excess U.S. cerebrovascular deaths during the COVID-19 pandemic were observed with decreases in stroke-related EMS calls nationally and less mobility at the state level. Public health measures are needed to identify and counter the reticence to seeking medical care for acute stroke during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Abstract P94: Stroke Etiologies in Patients With Covid-19: The Svin Covid-19 Multinational Registry
Authors: Ramos-Araque Maria Esther , Siegler James E , Ribo Marc , Requena Manuel , López Cristina , de Lera Mercedes , Arenillas Juan F , Pérez-Hernández Isabel , Beatriz Gómez-Vicente , Talavera Blanca , Cardona Pedro , Guillén Ana , Urra Xabier , Lull Laura , Renu Arturo , Nguyen Thanh , Jillella Dinesh , Nahab Fadi B , Nogueira Raul G , Haussen Diogo C , Then Ryna , Thon Jesse M , Rodriguez Esparragoza Luis , Hernández-Pérez Maria , Bustamante Alejandro , Mansour Ossama , Mohammed Megahed , Hassan Tamer , Liebeskind David S , Hassan Ameer E , Bushnaq Saif , Osman Mohamed , Rodriguez Vazquez Alejandro
Published: March 2021

Background and purpose:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with a small but clinically significant risk of stroke, the cause of which is frequently cryptogenic. In a large multinational cohort of consecutive COVID-19 patients with stroke, we evaluated clinical predictors of cryptogenic stroke, short-term functional outcomes and in-hospital mortality among patients according to stroke etiology.

Methods:
We explored clinical characteristics and short-term outcomes of consecutively evaluated patients 18 years of age or older with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from 31 hospitals in 4 countries (3/1/20-6/16/20).

Results:
Of the 14.483 laboratory-confirmed patients with COVID-19, 156 (1.1%) were diagnosed with AIS. Sixty-one (39.4%) were female, 84 (67.2%) white, and 88 (61.5%) were between 60-79 years of age. The most frequently reported etiology of AIS was cryptogenic (55/129, 42.6%), which was associated with significantly higher white blood cell count, c-reactive protein, and D-dimer levels than non-cryptogenic AIS patients (p</=0.05 for all comparisons). In a multivariable backward stepwise regression model estimating the odds of in-hospital mortality, cryptogenic stroke mechanism was associated with a fivefold greater odds in-hospital mortality than strokes due to any other mechanism (adjusted OR 5.16, 95%CI 1.41-18.87, p=0.01). In that model, older age (aOR 2.05 per decade, 95%CI 1.35-3.11, p<0.01) and higher baseline NIHSS (aOR 1.12, 95%CI 1.02-1.21, p=0.01) were also independently predictive of mortality.

Conclusions:
Our findings suggest that cryptogenic stroke among COVID-19 patients may be related to more severe disease and carries a significant risk of early mortality.
Terms of Address: A Contrastive Investigation of Ongoing Changes in British, American and Indian English and in German
Authors: Bruns Hanna , Kranich Svenja
Published: March 2021

Address terms are closely related to the conceptualisation of hierarchical relations in a speech community, so, since – at least in Western societies – tendencies towards a flattening of hierarchies have been noted (cf. Mair, 2006), we expect changes in this domain. Some evidence has been produced for German, American and British English, but empirical insights on address choice in Indian English are lacking to date. As it tends to be a conservative variety (cf. e.g. Collins, 2012), we might expect resistance to change.

The study makes a novel use of discourse completion tasks to investigate ongoing change using an ‘apparent-time’ approach. Our findings support the view of Indian English as conservative and of American English as changing most clearly towards informalisation, visible in the increasing use of informal attention getters (hey!). However, evidence of recent change is otherwise not as pronounced as expected and actually absent regarding pronoun choice in German.
Memory Unbound, Unfounded Memory? On Medicine, the Holocaust, and Bioethical Reflection
Authors: Schütz Mathias
Published: March 2021

The article deals with the notion that medical theories and practices played a significant role in the advent and execution of the Holocaust, and that bioethical lessons need to be drawn from this relation. Three underlying premises of this notion are critically assessed: First, that the importance of medicine for the Holocaust has been neglected by Holocaust scholarship; secondly, that there is a considerable empirical connection between Nazi medical crimes and the Holocaust; and thirdly, that this empirical connection represents a paradigmatic epistemological significance of medicine for the Holocaust. The article stresses that the Nazi medical crimes and the participation of physicians in inhumane research practices and mass murder were a significant aspect of Nazi history, but did not play a constitutive role in the extermination of European Jewry. For reasons of historical accuracy, as well as ethical specificity, they should, therefore, not simply be subsumed under the term Holocaust.
Reclassification of the plant bug genus Pilophorus in Japan and key to the genera and species of Japanese Pilophorini (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae)
Authors: YASUNAGA TOMOHIDE , DUWAL RAM KESHARI , NAKATANI YUKINOBU
Published: March 2021

The Japanese fauna of the myrmecomorphic plant bug genus Pilophorus Hahn is updated and reclassified. Seventeen species are now recognized, including three herein described as new, P. hyotan, P. satoyamanus and P. setulosellus; and P. pullulus Poppius, 1914 which is reinstated as valid and recorded from Japan for the first time. The identity of P. okamotoi Miyamoto & Lee, 1966, originally described from Korean Jeju Island and previously confused with P. satoyamanus n. sp., is reconfirmed and rediagnosed. Frequently misidentified species, P. erraticus Linnavuori, 1962 P. pseudoperplexus Josifov, 1987 and P. setulosus Horváth, 1905 as well as the little known taxon, P. choii, are rediagnosed. The distribution and diagnostic features of P. typicus (Distant, 1909) are presented in light of the recognition of P. hyotan n. sp. An updated checklist and a key to genera and species of the tribe Pilophorini are provided to aid in unequivocal identification of every Japanese pilophorine taxon. A new species of Pherolepis Kulik from Kyushu, P. hizenicus, is also described.
Taxonomy of scaly crickets (Orthoptera: Mogoplistidae: Mogoplistinae) from China: five new species groups and three new species of the genus Ornebius Guérin-Méneville, 1844
Authors: HE ZHIXIN , MA GE , LONG JIFENG , WANG YAN , ZHANG TAO , MA LIBIN
Published: March 2021

The genus Ornebius Guérin-Méneville, 1844 was divided into five species groups based on the structure of the male genitalia. Three new species of Ornebius were described from the Chinese provinces of Hainan, Guangxi and Guangdong. Type specimens are deposited at the Museum of Flora and Fauna of Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China (SNNU).
Two new species of the genus Laemostenus Bonelli sg. Antisphodrus Schaufuss from Turkey (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Sphodrini)
Authors: LOHAJ ROMAN , ANLAŞ SINAN
Published: March 2021

Two new species of the genus Laemostenus Bonelli sg. Antisphodrus Schaufuss of the bodemeyeri species-group are described, illustrated and compared with the related species: Laemostenus (Antisphodrus) bozdagensis sp. nov. (Type locality Manisa, Bozdağlar) and Laemostenus (Antisphodrus) binboga sp. nov. (Type locality Kayseri, Sarız, Binboğa Dağları). These new species were collected with subterranean pitfall traps in the mesovoid shallow substratum (MSS). Additional faunistic and systematic comments, identification key and check-list for Turkish species of the bodemeyeri species group are also presented. Distribution of the bodemeyeri species group is mapped.
The identity of Félix de Azara’s “Alondras” and implications for Neotropical pipit nomenclature (Aves, Motacillidae: Anthus)
Authors: SMITH PAUL , CLAY ROB P.
Published: March 2021

Félix de Azara described five species of “Alondra” in his seminal work on birds of Paraguay in 1805. Two of these are pipits Anthus: No. 146 Alondra Chií and No. 147 Alondra Correndera. Vieillot (1818) then formally described the two based entirely on Azaraʼs descriptions, respectively Anthus chii and Anthus correndera. The former has long been considered unidentifiable, though it has also been used frequently as a valid name for the Yellowish Pipit Anthus lutescens. The latter of the two names has been in valid usage since its description for the Correndera Pipit A. correndera of southern and Andean South America. In this paper we confirm that the description of No. 146 Alondra Chií is clearly identifiable and Anthus chii is the valid name for the Yellowish Pipit under the Principle of Priority, and Anthus turdinus of Merrem is a junior synonym of it. The description No. 147 Alondra Correndera is shown to refer to Ochre-breasted Pipit A. nattereri and not A. correndera as currently understood. However, the two names have been in constant usage for their respective species since their description, and thus we designate a neotype of the Correndera Pipit for current A. correndera under Article 75.6 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature to conserve current usage and avoid unnecessary nomenclatural confusion.
A new species of Trachystolodes Breuning, 1943 from Central China (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae)
Authors: WANG YU , XIE GUANGLIN , WANG WENKAI
Published: March 2021

A new species, Trachystolodes tianjialini sp. nov., from Houhe National Nature Reserve, Hubei, China, is described and illustrated.
Three new species of Ametrodiplosis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) from Japan, with a key to the Japanese species and a molecular phylogenetic analysis
Authors: ELSAYED AYMAN KHAMIS , YUKAWA JUNICHI , MOCHIZUKI KO , TOKUDA MAKOTO , KAWAKITA ATSUSHI
Published: March 2021

Ametrodiplosis Rübsaamen (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae: Clinodiplosini) is a mostly Holarctic gall midge genus whose species are associated with a wide range of seed plant families, either as gall-inducers or inquilines. In this study, we describe three species of Ametrodiplosis from Japan: A. adetos n. sp. feeding in the flowers of Tylophora aristolochioides Miq. (Apocynaceae); A. aeroradicis n. sp. inducing aerial root galls on Trachelospermum asiaticum (Sieb. et Zucc.) Nakai and T. gracilipes var. liukiuense (Apocynaceae); and A. stellariae n. sp. forming leaf bud galls on Stellaria uliginosa Murray var. undulata (Thunb.) Ohwi (Caryophyllaceae). A molecular phylogenetic analysis using mitochondrial COI and ribosomal 16S genes and nuclear ribosomal 28S gene were conducted for the three new Ametrodiplisis species and other clinodiplosine taxa sequences available in GenBank. The analysis supported the monophyly of Ametrodiplosis despite the variable life history of the three species. In addition, it indicated very low intraspecific genetic divergence among the individuals from different localities and/or host plants. A taxonomic key to the three new Japanese species of Ametrodiplosis is provided.
A new species and distribution records of Dichotomius Hope, 1838 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) in Colombia
Authors: CHAMORRO WILLIAM , LOPERA-TORO ALEJANDRO , ROSSINI MICHELE
Published: March 2021

Dichotomius (Dichotomius) quadrilobatus new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Dichotomiini), from western Amazonia (Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru) is described and its putative systematic position within the Dichotomius boreus species group is discussed. An updated identification key to the species of the Dichotomius boreus species group is provided. Additionally, Dichotomius (Selenocopris) fortepunctatus Luederwaldt, 1923 is recorded for the first time in Colombia.
UV-Assisted Room Temperature Gas Sensing with ZnO-Ag Heterostructure Nanocrystals Studied by Photoluminescence
Authors: Long Mei , Yuan Huan , Sun Ping , Su Lei , Jiang Xiangping
Published: March 2021

Noble metal-metal oxide nanohybrids play a significant contribution in gas sensing applications at room temperature. Here, Ag-loaded ZnO with different Ag doping concentration are prepared by two-step polymer-network gel method, and NO2 sensing characteristics are tested
at room temperature with various concentrations. The nanocrystal sizes are found to be more uniform with increasing with Ag concentration, and photoluminescence spectroscopy further reveals the different defects in ZnO–Ag nanocrystal lattices: pure ZnO has the largest intensity of the
conduction band to valence band combination, and ZnO–Ag-1 (1 mol% Ag doping concentration) has the largest oxygen vacancy content, while ZnO–Ag-3 (3 mol% Ag doping concentration) has the largest excess zinc interstitial. It is showed that the gas sensing properties are independent
of the size of nanocrystals, and more dependent on the nanocrystal defect structure. In this work, a new sensing mechanism is proposed according to the experimental results.
Synthesis of Molecular Imprinted BiVO4 with Enhanced Adsorption and Photocatalytic Properties Towards Target Contaminants
Authors: Li Wen-Juan , Kong De-Fen , Li Kai-Yue , Yan Ting-Jiang , Kong De-Sheng
Published: March 2021

Selective photocatalysis is a very promising direction to improve the activities of photocatalysts. Combining the technique of molecular imprinting (MIP) with heterogeneous photocatalysis can be an appealing approach to achieve our aim. Herein, using the MIP technique, the monoclinic
MIP-BiVO4 was successfully synthesized by the presence of rhodamine B (RhB) during the hydrothermal synthesis. The synthesized MIP-BiVO4 possessed better adsorptive and photocatalytic activities than pristine BiVO4. RhB added in the synthesis process worked
as a template and served a crucial role in the formation of the MIP-BiVO4 morphology. The photoelectrochemical analysis verified the superiority of MIP-BiVO4 sample in the transfer and separation of the electron–hole pairs. Holes played the most crucial role in
the degradation of the pollutants. The effective approach combining MIP technique in the synthesis of photocatalysts would provide some guidance to selective photocatalysis field for designing and synthesizing highly efficient photocatalysts.
Preparation and Characterization of TiO2 Nanowires Modified Organically with Coupling Agents
Authors: Wang Xiaohui , Chen Yan , Wang Tongtong , Zhuang Wenchang , Zhou Jun
Published: March 2021

Anatase-type one-dimensional TiO2 nanowire was prepared by hydrothermal method. The nanowires were modified by three kinds of silane coupling agents, such as KH550, KH560 and KH570. Flocculation was caused when the amount of modifier reached a certain level. When KH570 was
used at 3.0 percent, at 80 °C, 4 h, and pH value between 9 and 10, modified nanowires had the highest 56.5 percent lipophilization degree, the lowest 0.562 per/nm2 surface hydroxyl number, and the maximal 121.2° static contact angle.
Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Quantitative Analysis of Ethanol Drop-Coating Silver Nanocubes on Gold Film
Authors: Zhou Ziang , Zhu Yibin , Li Peishen , Wang Changzheng , Wu Yunyun , Guo Ming , Zhang Jiatao , Ding Peiren , Yin Wenyan , Wang Qiang
Published: March 2021

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has been a sensitive tool for the accurate detection and analysis of a wide range of molecules. In the present study, a simple and repeatable approach is developed for the fabrication of a silver nanocubes/polyelectrolyte/gold film (Ag nanocubes/PE/Au
film) sandwich structure as SERS substrate. An ethanol-water mixture, instead of pure water, is used as solvent to reduce the coffee ring effect by the drop coating deposition method, such that Ag nanocubes are distributed evenly on the gold film surface with polyelectrolyte as the middle
layer. In 15 repeated measurements of a 10-7 M rhodamine 6G solution, the intensity of the Raman peak at 609 cm-1 exhibits a relative standard deviation less than 20%. Significantly, the sandwich substrate exhibits excellent point-to-point repeatability and sample to
sample reproducibility, and may be used for real-life quantitative analysis, as demonstrated by the rapid diagnosis of dual analytes of rhodamine 6G and crystal violet.
Nanotube Morphology Changes of Ti–xTa–Ag–Pt Alloys with Ta Content for Biomaterials
Authors: Cho Hye-Ri , Choe Han-Cheol
Published: March 2021

In this study, nanotube morphology changes of Ti–xTa–Ag–Pt alloys with Ta content for biomaterials were researched using various experimental instruments. Ti–xTa–Ag–Pt alloys were manufactured in an Ar atmosphere using a vacuum arc-melting
furnace with Ta contents of 10 and 50, and then heat-treated at 1100 °C for 1 hr. Nanotube formation of Ti–xTa–Ag–Pt (x = 10, 50 wt%) alloys were performed using a DC power of 30 V in 1.0 M H3PO4 + 0.8 wt% NaF electrolyte solution.
Surface characteristics were investigated using an optical microscope, X-ray diffractometer, field-emission scanning electron microscope, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Image analyzer (Image J). Ti–10Ta–Ag–Pt alloy had a needle-like structures, and Ti–Ti–50Ta–Ag–Pt
showed the mixed structure (equiaxed and needle-like structures). As the Ta content increased, the α-phase decreased and the β-phase increased. The highly ordered nanotubes were formed on the β-phase, whereas disordered nanotubes were formed on needle-like
structure of α-phase in Ti–10Ta–Ag–Pt alloy. As the Ta content increases, large and small nanotube diameters became smaller in size. Anatase and rutile phases were formed on the alloy surface. Ta, Ag, and Pt elements were uniformly distributed over the entire
surface and at the edge or inside of the nanotube.
Hydrolysis Reaction and Amorphization of Ce–Ti Oxide Catalysts During Synthesis
Authors: Ha Joo-Yeon , Kim Min-Seo , Kim Tae-Woo , Ryu Ji-Seung , Shin Hyun-Gyoo , Cha Jin-Sun , Park Young-Kwon , Lee Hee-Soo
Published: March 2021

The change in the crystallinity of Ce–Ti oxide nanocatalysts with different water contents was investigated in terms of the local atomic structure and the surface atomic concentration. The crystallization of TiO2, which was induced by the hydrolysis of the Ti precursor,
was observed in the catalyst synthesized via a liquid phase reaction employing a mixture of ethanol and distilled water as the solvent. The hydrolysis reaction of the Ti precursor was impeded in the solvent mixture of ethanol and anhydrous ethanol. CeO2 nanocrystallization occurred
due to the suppression of the TiO2 crystal growth. Low crystallinity of the catalyst synthesized in a single anhydrous ethanol solvent was observed through the broadened X-ray diffraction (XRD) peak and the diffused ring pattern in transmission electron microscopic (TEM) images.
In addition, the Ce–O and Ce–Ce bond lengths of the catalyst synthesized using the single solvent decreased beyond those of the catalysts synthesized in the mixed solvent, indicating the amorphization of the catalyst. It was also verified that the inhibition of the precursor crystallization
during the synthesis led to the enhanced dispersion of the nanocatalyst, compared to the stoichiometry of the surface atomic concentration.
Characteristics of Porous YAG:Ce Nano-Powders Phosphor Fabricated by a Solution Combustion Synthesis
Authors: Jung Choong-Hwan , Han Young-Min , Lee Sang-Jin
Published: March 2021

A cerium-doped YAG (Y3Al5O12) phosphor is used as a rare-earth element phosphor for blue light absorption and yellow light emission for a white light source. A solution combustion synthesis, which is a method for producing nano-powder, is a reaction
that is spontaneous ignition by reaction heat released through oxidation/reduction reaction between metal nitrate and fuel. Since the reaction speed is fast and it does not go through a separate firing process, it is a method of easily synthesizing nano-powder by simple process. In this study,
YAG:Ce nano-powders were prepared by using various fuels in the combustion synthesis method. Depending on the kind of the additive fuel, the reaction of the combustion synthesis process was different, and the shape of the powder particles according to the fuels was also different. The agglomerated
particles of nanoparticles were observed and the characteristics of YAG:Ce powders synthesized under various conditions were analyzed.
Evaluation of Resin Bonding to Tetragonal and Gradient-Shaded Cubic Zirconia Ceramics After Air-Abrasion
Authors: Chae Hyung-Rae , Kim Young Kyung , Min Bong Ki , Hong Min-Ho , Kwon Tae-Yub
Published: March 2021

Self-assembled nano-layering resulting from combined ionic and hydrogen-bonding interactions of phosphate functional monomers with zirconia have been proposed. The purpose of this study was to investigate the bond strengths of two phosphate monomer-containing adhesive resin cements
(Panavia F 2.0 and RelyX U200) to a conventional tetragonal zirconia (Lava Plus, LP) and a new cubic zirconia (Lava Esthetic, LE), with three different shade zones, after air-abrasion. The structures of the zirconia surfaces were examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffractometry
(XRD). Vickers hardness and fracture toughness of the surfaces were also evaluated using a hardness tester. After air-abrasion (with 50 µm Al2O3 at a pressure of 0.25 MPa), the surface roughness was measured using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM)
and the resin cements were bonded (diameter: 2.38 mm) to the surfaces. All bonded specimens were stored in water at 37 °C for 24 h before performing the shear bond strength (SBS) test (n = 15). In the SEM images, the LP group showed a finer grain size than the LE groups. The XRD
patterns confirmed that LP and LE had tetragonal and cubic phases, respectively. Although there were no significant differences in Vickers hardness among the four groups (p = 0.117), the three LE groups revealed inferior fracture toughness to the LP group (p < 0.001). However,
neither the surface roughness of the air-abraded zirconia surfaces nor SBS values of each resin cement bonded to them were significantly different (p > 0.05). In conclusion, no significant difference in SBS value was detected between the tetragonal and cubic zirconia within each
resin cement used, probably due to the similar surface roughness of the air-abraded zirconia ceramics.
Facile Synthesis of Transparent Glass Surfaces via Hydrothermal Route for Superhydrophobic Performance
Authors: Fatima Umbreen , Zafar Muhammad , Khan Asad Ullah , Saif Tahir , Razzaq Abdul , Kim Woo Young
Published: March 2021

A facile and peculiar synthesis strategy is designed for the fabrication of transparent superhydrophobic surfaces on simple glass substrate. The synthesis methodology comprises of two steps of hydrothermal treatment of cleaned glass substrate with ultrapure water as a solvent followed
by coating of 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perflourooctyltriethoxysilane (POTS) also by hydrothermal treatment in hydrothermal reactor. The hydrothermal treatment of glass substrate lead to the nanostructured surface morphology consisting of nanofibers and a blend of nanofibers/nanoflakes. Aforesaid nanostructured
surface morphology upon hydrophobic coating resulted in superhydrophobic properties, increasing the water contact angle (WCA) from 92.0° to as high as 145.3°. Moreover, the developed synthesis approach also resulted in the optical transparent superhydrophobic glass substrate thus offering
an attractive methodology to employ for self-cleaning applications.
Protective Effects of Polyvinylpyrrolidone-Wrapped Fullerene Against Nitric Oxide/Peroxynitrite-Induced Cellular Injury in Human Skin Keratinocytes
Authors: Saitoh Yasukazu , Tanaka Asuka , Hyodo Sayuri
Published: March 2021

Excess ultraviolet (UV) exposure accelerates skin inflammation, melanogenesis, wrinkle formation, photoaging, and carcinogenesis through oxidative stress and deoxyribonucleic acid damage. These deleterious effects to skin are closely associated with UV-induced reactive oxygen species
(ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) produced via nitric oxide (NO·) generation. RNS are known to be responsible for various skin disorders, such as erythema, melanin production, reduced barrier function, and psoriasis. These skin disorders are major cosmetic problems;
RNS control, in addition to ROS control, is important for maintaining healthy skin. In the present study, we investigated the cytoprotective effects of polyvinylpyrrolidone-entrapped fullerene (C60/PVP), a water-soluble ROS scavenger, against nitric oxide (NO·)
and peroxynitrite (ONOO-)-induced human keratinocyte injuries. Protective effects of C60/PVP on NO·/ONOO--induced cellular damage and intracellular ONOO- generation were evaluated using a NO· donor S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine
(SNAP) in human skin epidermal HaCaT keratinocytes. Furthermore, the suppressive effect of C60/PVP on UVB-induced generation of intracellular ONOO- levels was also investigated. C60/PVP exerted suppressive effects on intracellular increases in NO·-induced
ONOO- generation and subsequent cellular damage. Additionally, C60/PVP significantly decreased the UVB-induced generation of intracellular ONOO- levels. These findings suggest that C60/PVP could be useful as a cosmetics ingredient for prevention
of skin injuries and/or dysfunction from NO·/ONOO--induced effects in human skin keratinocytes.
7,7-Dimethyl-9-(10-phenylanthracen-9-yl)-7H-Benzo[b] Fluoreno[3,4-d]Thiophene Derivatives for Blue Fluorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes
Authors: Lee Jin Ho , Han Gi Woong , Kim Ki Ju , Lee Hakjun , Kim Young Kwan , Yoon Seung Soo
Published: March 2021

In this study, we designed and synthesized two blue fluorescence materials using 7,7-dimethyl-9-(10-phenylanthracen-9-yl)-7H-benzo[b]fluoreno[3,4-d]thiophene substituted anthracene derivatives. To characterize their electroluminescent properties, we fabricated the OLED devices using
these two emitting materials. Particularly, a device using 7,7-dimethyl-9-(10-phenylanthracen-9-yl)-7Hbenzo[ b]fluoreno[3,4-d]thiophene showed maximum values of luminous efficiency, power efficiency, and external quantum efficiency of 2.42 cd/A, 1.48 lm/W, 3.08% at 20 mA/cm2, respectively
with CIE (x, y) coordinates of (0.15, 0.09) at 8.0 V.
Carbon Nano Tube-Polymer Hybrid Nanocomposite Electrodes for Porous Polydimethylsiloxane Sponge-Based Flexible Triboelectric Nanogenerators
Authors: Kwon Dae-Hyeon , Jeong Jaebum , Lee Yongju , Park Jun-Kyu , Lee Suwoong , Bae Jin-Hyuk , Kim Hyeok
Published: March 2021

Flexible triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have attracted much attention because of its environmentally friendly, practical, and cost-producing advantages. In flexible TENGs, it is important to study the flexible electrodes in order to fabricate the fully flexible devices. Here,
we compared electrical characteristics of the sponge porous polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based flexible TENGs with two types of flexible electrodes, copper and carbon nanotube (CNT)-PDMS electrodes. The output voltage and maximum power density of sponge PDMS-based flexible TENGs with copper
and CNTPDMS electrodes were compared. The voltage and power density of sponge PDMS-based flexible TENGs with CNT-PDMS electrodes were improved compare to those with copper electrodes. The output voltage and the maximum power density of sponge PDMS-based flexible TENGs with copper and CNT-PDMS
electrodes increased 4 times and 7 times, respectively. It is attributed to higher electrical conductivity and stably flow electricity of CNT than those of copper.
Anthracene Green Fluorescent Derivatives Based on Optimized Side Groups for Highly Efficient Organic Light-Emitting Diode Emitters
Authors: Park Sangshin , Kang Seokwoo , Kwon Hyukmin , Lee Seungeun , Park Jongwook
Published: March 2021

Two green fluorescent materials, N,N,N′,N′-Tetra-o-tolyl-anthracene-9,10-diamine (o-Me-TAD) and N,N′-bis(2,5-dimethylphenyl)-N,N′-di-o-tolylanthracene-9,10-diamine (DMe-o-Me-TAD) including anthracene and diphenylamine
moiety, were synthesized by Buchwald-Hartwig amination. In solution state, PL maximum wavelength of o-Me-TAD and DMe-o-Me-TAD is 518 nm and 520 nm. The doped device using o-Me-TAD as green fluorescent dopant exhibited CE of 19.78 cd/A and EQE of 5.97%. The doped device using DMe-o-Me-TAD
as dopant exhibited CE of 22.37 cd/A and EQE of 7.02% without roll-off. Doped devices fabricated using o-Me-TAD and DMe-o-Me-TAD show the EL peaks at 522 and 523 nm corresponding to the Commission Internationale de L’Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.29, 0.63) and (0.27, 0.61).