bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The concepts of sustainability value and the application of big data in enhancing the ability of sustainability marketing
Authors: Chou Sheng-Fang , Horng Jeou-Shyan , Liu Chih-Hsing , Yu Tai-Yi , Gan Bernard , Chang Wen-Jung , Lin Jun-You
Published: October 2024

Purpose

We seek to contribute to the literature by comparing and analyzing the relationship between Australian and Taiwanese students regarding environmental value attitude, action intention and green marketing intention. Specifically, by comparing the green marketing intention of hospitality and tourism (H&T) students in the East with that in the West.

Design/methodology/approach

A well-designed curriculum examines student thinking and behavior (learn). This study compares and analyzes the value and attitude and the application of big data to green marketing among Taiwanese and Australian university students using the stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) model. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the hypotheses in a sample of 633 H&T students in Taiwan (389) and Australia (244).

Findings

This study also shows how the national differences between Australia and Taiwan have interference effects on the relationship between value attitudes and action intentions and between action intentions and the green marketing intention. We also combined the application of big data and related variables and estimated the mediating effect of related variables to evaluate the impact on action intentions and green marketing of big data applications.

Practical implications

There are significant differences in the sustainable behavior and intentions of H&T higher education students that reflect the educational differences between the East and the West. These different results may be due to a lack of natural resources and the relatively smaller size of Taiwan. With the strengthening of environmental action intention (AI) and green marketing intention (GMI), Taiwanese hospitality and management (H&M) students' sense of crisis increases, and their performance in GMI is slightly higher than that in Australia.

Originality/value

These findings indicate that it is necessary to consider students' ecological concepts, environmental knowledge, environmental value attitude and environmental action intention to improve their intentions to engage in green marketing under the stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) framework. We also found that environmental knowledge has a mediating effect on the relationship between ecological concepts and environmental value attitude.
Mediating role of regret feelings in the relationship between consumer expectations, emotions and willingness to buy
Authors: Abdallrahman Mohammed , Darwish Nidal A.
Published: October 2024

Purpose

The paper aims to investigate the impact of customers’ expectations, negative emotions and regret on consumers' intention to buy Chinese clothing products in the Palestinian market.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper used a convenience sampling technique. The path relationship of the study model was analyzed by structural equation modeling (SEM) based on partial least squares (PLS-SEM).

Findings

Results showed that regret was affected by the negative feelings that consumers could incur after buying the product. Additionally, negative feelings and regret negatively affected consumers' intention to buy Chinese clothing products, while their expectations positively affected their decisions. However, the mediation effect of regret was approved in the relationship between negative feelings and the intention to buy.

Originality/value

This is to certify, that the research paper submitted by us is an outcome of our independent and original work. We have duly acknowledged all the sources from which the ideas and extracts have been taken. The project is free from any plagiarism and has not been submitted elsewhere for publication.
Strategic Change and Firms’ Optimal Distinctiveness: The Moderating Effect of Analyst Coverage
Authors: Al‐Shammari Marwan , Banerjee Soumendra , Dadanlar Hazel
Published: October 2024

Drawing from optimal distinctiveness research, we explore the effect of strategic change on corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities in the context of CSR conformity and CSR differentiation. Additionally, we examine whether analyst coverage as a key external boundary condition can influence the magnitude of such an effect. Analysing an unbalanced panel of 2145 firm‐year observations with 422 firms over the period 2004–2013, we found support for our predictions that while strategic change negatively and significantly affects CSR conformity, it positively and significantly impacts CSR differentiation. Additionally, our results show that analyst coverage strengthens the relationship between strategic change CSR conformity and CSR differentiation. Our findings expand the optimal distinctiveness, strategic change, and analyst coverage literature and provide insights into the complex and multifaceted aspects of CSR activities. Finally, this study's findings can equip strategic leaders and investors with knowledge as they face complex decision‐making in their firms and investments.
Low Social Support is Associated With Postpartum Depression Symptoms Among Illinois Postpartum Women
Authors: Holicky Abigail , Horne Ashley , Bennett Amanda C.
Published: October 2024

Background

Postpartum depression (PPD) occurs after delivery, with severity and onset varying by individual. Women with low social support may be at higher risk for PPD. This study examined the association between social support and self‐reported postpartum depression symptoms (PDS) among Illinois postpartum women.

Methods

Using 2016–2020 data from the Illinois Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) (n = 5886), instrumental support (physical, hands‐on support) and partner emotional support were each categorized as high/low and were combined in a composite measure (high = high on both types, moderate = high on one type, and low = low on both types). PDS were self‐reported. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using logistic regression.

Results

Overall, 9.6% (95% CI = 8.8–10.4) of Illinois postpartum women experienced PDS. Of Illinois postpartum women, 63.5% (95% CI = 62.1–64.9) had high composite support, 29.3% (95% CI = 28.0–30.6) had moderate composite support, and 7.1% (95% CI = 6.4–7.9) had low composite support. After adjustment for maternal characteristics, instrumental support, partner emotional support, and a composite measure of support were each significantly associated with PDS. Compared to women with high composite support, women with low composite support had six times the odds of PDS (aOR = 6.1, 95% CI = 4.5–8.2), and women with moderate composite support had nearly three times the odds of PDS (aOR = 2.7, 95% CI = 2.2–3.4).

Conclusion

PDS was associated with instrumental support, partner emotional support, and a composite measure of support in Illinois postpartum women. This suggests the importance of addressing social support for postpartum individuals.
Contact dermatitis secondary to povidone‐iodine: A systematic review
Authors: Kennedy Harriet
Published: October 2024

Cutaneous reactions to povidone (PVP)‐iodine are widely reported; however, distinction between allergic and irritant reactions can be challenging. Free iodine is responsible for irritant reactions and is released when PVP‐iodine is in a liquid state. The aim of this study was to review the clinical presentation and results of patch testing in patients with PVP‐iodine contact dermatitis. A systematic review was conducted by searching Pubmed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar databases for reports of contact dermatitis secondary to PVP‐iodine. Data were collated including study design, patient age and gender identity, iodine exposure, skin biopsy findings, and patch test methodology and results. The search revealed 187 reports with 38 eligible studies; 30 case reports/case series and 8 retrospective cohort studies. Overall, there were 223 patients with PVP‐iodine contact dermatitis. The commonest reaction was irritant contact dermatitis (51%), followed by allergic contact dermatitis (40%) and contact dermatitis not further specified (9%). Irritant reactions were characterised by burn‐like morphology and, when due to surgical skin disinfectant, were often distant from the surgical incision site. Patch testing was most often performed with a 10% PVP‐iodine aqueous solution; however, irritant reactions in controls occur. Various testing methods including iodine in petrolatum, ethanol, dried powder, and open application testing were described. Most reactions to PVP‐iodine are irritant and patch testing using a closed‐chamber method yields inconsistent results due to risk of irritation from free iodine release over the 2‐day occlusion time. Surgeons should be aware of the risk of prolonged skin contact with wet iodine solution.
How Does Shareholding by Passive Institutional Investors Impact the Corporate Governance of European Firms?
Authors: Bevza Irina , O’Hagan Luff Martha
Published: October 2024

Research Question/Issue

The passive investment (PI) trend, characterized by the increasing inflow of investment funds into PI strategies, has resulted in an increase in the share of corporate ownership held via investments in PI strategies. This paper investigates this trend's consequential impact on European companies' corporate governance (CG).

Research Findings/Insights

We find that higher ownership by passive institutional investors (PIIs) is associated with fewer female directors, reduced independence in audit and nomination committees, and higher executive pay, negatively impacting CG. Nevertheless, our findings show that PIIs can increase the probability that a company has a policy regarding the adequate experience of board members and equal treatment of shareholders.

Theoretical/Academic Implications

We hypothesize that the level of ownership could be the missing link connecting mixed theories about the impact of ownership by PIIs on the CG of companies they invest in. A curvilinear relationship between the two could allow conflicting theories to coexist in one framework. We find weak evidence for a curvilinear relationship, but this relationship may become more prevalent if PII ownership of European companies increases because of regulatory changes.

Practitioner/Policy Implications

Some critics have proposed limiting PII voting rights, but our findings suggest that the effect of PII ownership may become less negative beyond a certain level of ownership and that PIIs may play a positive role in enhancing board experience and shareholder equity policies. Restricting PIIs may not necessarily be beneficial for the CG of companies they invest in.
Neonatal Mimicker Cells in Cerebrospinal Fluid
Authors: Alexander Catherine M. , Carrillo Luis F.
Published: October 2024

Germinal matrix cells are immature‐appearing cells that can be present in the cerebrospinal fluid of premature neonates with intraventricular hemorrhage. These cells can mimic neoplastic cells and are an important morphologic pitfall.
Superior benefits of sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors compared with dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors for diabetic kidney disease: A cohort study
Authors: Chen Hsiao‐Ling , Wang I‐Ting , Tsai Yi‐Wen , Lee Yu‐Hsuan , Chen Chen‐Huan , Chiang Chern‐En , Cheng Hao‐Min
Published: October 2024

Aim

To compare cardiorenal outcomes of dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors (DPP‐4is) and sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors (SGLT‐2is) in a national diabetic kidney disease (DKD) population.

Methods

A cohort study was conducted using Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database and Laboratory Databases. Propensity score‐matched prevalent new users of SGLT‐2is (n = 1524) and DPP‐4is (n = 6005) during 2017‐2018 were selected from adults with DKD and an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of less than 60 mL/min/1.73m2. Composite renal outcomes included sustained eGFR decrease, renal failure and renal mortality. Composite cardiovascular (CV) outcomes included acute myocardial infarction, stroke, hospitalization for heart failure and CV death. Cox proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

Compared with DPP‐4i users, SGLT‐2i users had a reduced risk of composite renal endpoint (HR: 0.16; CI: 0.12‐0.24), consistently for a prolonged time to 50% or higher eGFR decrease (HR 0.17; CI: 0.11‐0.27), renal failure (HR: 0.14; CI: 0.08‐0.23) and decreased renal death (HR: 0.10; CI: 0.01‐0.70). SGLT‐2i users had a better composite CV outcome than DPP‐4i users (HR: 0.74; CI: 0.64‐0.85), and lower risks of stroke (HR: 0.76; CI: 0.62‐0.92) and hospitalization for heart failure (HR: 0.68; CI: 0.55‐0.84). Findings were consistent in analyses stratified by concomitant antidiabetic agents or intervals between DKD diagnosis and study drug initiation.

Conclusions

This study shows the superior cardiorenal benefits of SGLT‐2is compared with DPP‐4is in the DKD population, regardless of concomitant antidiabetic agents or time from DKD onset to study drug initiation. SGLT‐2is should be prioritized in adult patients with DKD.
Low‐calorie, high‐protein diets, regardless of protein source, improve glucose metabolism and cardiometabolic profiles in subjects with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes and overweight or obesity
Authors: Rodrigo‐Carbó Carmen , Madinaveitia‐Nisarre Loreto , Pérez‐Calahorra Sofía , Gracia‐Rubio Irene , Cebollada Alberto , Galindo‐Lalana Carlos , Mateo‐Gallego Rocío , Lamiquiz‐Moneo Itziar
Published: October 2024

Aim

The aim was to study the effect of two low‐calorie, high‐protein (HP) diets, with most of the protein coming from animal or plant sources, on glycaemic and other cardiometabolic outcomes in subjects with overweight or obesity and glucose metabolism disorders.

Materials and Methods

A total of 117 participants aged >18 years with body mass index over 27.5 kg/m2 and prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were randomized to one of two HP low‐calorie diets (35% of total calories from protein), in which 75% of the protein was from either plant‐based sources (HPP) or animal sources (HPA). For both diets, 30% and 35% of the total calories were from fat and carbohydrates, respectively. The dietary intervention lasted 6 months.

Results

Both diets improved body composition to a similar extent, including weight loss (−8.05 ± 5.12 kg for the HPA diet and −7.70 ± 5.47 kg for the HPP diet at 6 months) and fat mass, mainly visceral fat. Both diets had a similar beneficial effect on glucose metabolism, including fasting glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index and glycated haemoglobin. Other biochemical parameters, including lipid profiles, liver enzymes, adipokines and inflammatory biomarkers, similarly improved in both groups. Fasting incretins, mainly glucagon‐like peptide 1, decreased significantly in both groups, and this effect correlated with weight loss.

Conclusions

Low‐calorie HP diets improved body composition, glucose metabolism and other cardiometabolic outcomes, regardless of protein source (either animal or plant sources), in outpatients with prediabetes or T2DM.

Clinical Trial Registration

The clinical trial was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier: NCT05456347) https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05456347?term=NCT05456347&rank=1.
The recovery of decreased executive attention in Tibetan migrants at high‐altitude
Authors: Wang Nian‐Nian , Yu Si‐Fang , Chen Dong‐Mei , Hu Quan‐Ling , Han Chen‐Xiao , Yang Xi‐Yue , Huang Xiao‐Yan , Ding Bi‐Yu , Wu Qing‐Ya , Su Rui , Li Hao , Ma Hai‐Lin , Liu Ming , Zhang De‐Long
Published: October 2024

Attention is one of the basic cognitive functions sensitive to high altitude, and most studies have focussed on exposure times of approximately 3 years; however, it is unclear how attention changes in migrants who have lived and worked at high altitude for nearly 20 years. We explored the dynamics of attentional networks and neurophysiological mechanisms in migrants over 3–20 years using the Attentional Network Test combined with Electrocardiograph and Electroencephalography and found a consistent quadratic correlation between exposure and executive control efficiency, P3 amplitude and heart rate variability (HRV), with a decrease followed by an increase/relative stability, with approximately 10 years being the breakpoint. However, neither linear nor quadratic trajectories were observed for the alerting and orienting network. Mediation analysis revealed that the P3 amplitude mediated the decrease and increase in executive control efficiency with exposure time depends on the breakpoint. Correlations between HRV and executive control efficiency and P3 amplitude suggest that U‐shaped changes in executive control in migrants may be related to body homeostasis maintained by the autonomic nervous system, and that P3 amplitude may serve as a neurophysiological marker of migrants' adaptation/recovery from high‐altitude exposure.
Construction of Fatigue Criteria Through Positive‐Unlabeled Learning
Authors: Coudray Olivier , Bristiel Philippe , Dinis Miguel , Keribin Christine , Pamphile Patrick
Published: October 2024

The reliability of vehicles is a significant issue for automotive manufacturers, with mechanical fatigue representing a pivotal aspect of the design process. To accelerate the development of novel mechanical components, automotive manufacturers are increasingly employing numerical simulations with the objective of markedly reducing the number of prototype validation tests. This requires the utilization of efficient fatigue criteria capable of accurately identifying critical zones in numerical models. However, the current fatigue criteria frequently fail to demonstrate a satisfactory correlation with the results obtained from fatigue test rigs. In response, this paper proposes a probabilistic Dang Van criterion that accounts for variability in fatigue results within a multiaxial context. Additionally, a fatigue database comprising numerical results and test reports on automotive chassis components is introduced. A novel approach utilizing positive‐unlabeled learning is developed to enhance the predictive accuracy of the fatigue criterion. Its effectiveness is demonstrated through application to the fatigue database.
How hegemonic masculinity injures migrant men: A multilevel analysis of African men in South Korea's low‐wage labor market
Authors: Yoon Sharon J. , Udor Rita
Published: October 2024

With the rapid influx of labor migration and accelerating rates of globalization, studies of hegemonic masculinity have become increasingly divided in representing the amount of agency marginalized men have access to in constructing alternative, more hybrid masculine ideals as they travel overseas. This paper offers a new methodological approach for studying hegemonic masculinity. Specifically, we analyze how multiple forces at the structural, interpersonal, and individual levels work together as a system of oppression. As our case study, we focus on African bachelors who have migrated to South Korea to fill the demand for 3‐d (dirty, difficult, and dangerous) labor. By analyzing 30 interviews and two years of ethnographic observation of African migrants in Korea, our study demonstrates how migrant men become trapped by their desires to perform their masculine worth as reliable wage laborers, even at the cost of their physical and emotional well‐being. While past studies on undocumented migrant workers in Korea have highlighted their heightened exposure to institutional violence, we shed light on how structural forces also bleed into the private spaces of everyday life, shaping the intimate relationships and personal desires of marginalized men themselves.
Evaluation of Basmati Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes for Seedling Growth and Leaf Physiology Under High‐Temperature Stress
Authors: Baloch Rania , Saleem Muhammad Farrukh , Shahbaz Muhammad , Sarwar Muhammad
Published: October 2024

Rice, a staple food crop for over half of the global population, is facing a serious threat of rising temperature due to climate change, especially in the areas producing Basmati rice. The main objectives of the study were to compare the promising cultivars of Basmati rice for heat stress tolerance and to assess how elevated temperature affects leaf physiological and morphological parameters of fine rice at seedling stage. A 2‐year‐controlled pot experiment was carried out to evaluate how different Basmati rice varieties respond to heat stress. The experiment was carried out at the Agronomic research area, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan, during 2022 and 2023. The design of experiment was completely randomised design (CRD) with split treatment structure and four replications. Plant morphology, leaf temperature, chlorophyll contents, relative cell injury and relative water contents were evaluated for both experimental years. Heat stress significantly affected all morphological and physiological attributes such as chlorophyll contents, relative water contents and relative cell injury across different varieties. There was variation in the behaviour of different varieties under stress conditions as compared to no heat, but from the results it was very clear that Kisan Basmati and PK‐1121 Aromatic constantly showed poor performance under both conditions for all the recorded parameters. However, in almost each parameter evaluated, Basmati‐515, Super Basmati and NIAB‐16 exhibited Superior thermo tolerance and better performance. On the basis of observed morphological and physiological attributes, Kisan and PK‐1121 Aromatic Basmati were graded as sensitive varieties, while Basmati‐515, Super Basmati and NIAB‐16 showed tolerance to heat stress as compared to other varieties. However, further research is needed to explore the underlying mechanisms and genetic factors contributing to the sensitivity or tolerance observed in these varieties.
Development and Validation of an Artificial Intelligence–Assisted Patient Education Material for Ostomy Patients: A Methodological Study
Authors: Yüceler Kaçmaz Hatice , Kahraman Hilal , Akutay Seda , Dağdelen Derya
Published: October 2024

Aim

To develop and test the validity of an artificial intelligence–assisted patient education material for ostomy patients.

Design

A methodological study.

Methods

The study was carried out in two main stages and five steps: (1) determining the information needs of ostomy patients, (2) creating educational content, (3) converting the educational content into patient education material, (4) validation of patient education material based on expert review and (5) measuring the readability of the patient education material. We used ChatGPT 4.0 to determine the information needs and create patient education material content, and Publuu Online Flipbook Maker was used to convert the educational content into patient education material. Understandability and applicability scores were assessed using the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool submitted to 10 expert reviews. The tool inter‐rater reliability was determined via the intraclass correlation coefficient. Readability was analysed using the Flesch–Kincaid Grade Level, Gunning Fog Index and Simple Measure of Gobbledygook formula.

Results

The mean Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool understandability score of the patient education material was 81.91%, and the mean Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool actionability score was 85.33%. The scores for the readability indicators were calculated to be Flesch–Kincaid Grade Level: 8.53, Gunning Fog: 10.9 and Simple Measure of Gobbledygook: 7.99.

Conclusions

The AI‐assisted patient education material for ostomy patients provided accurate information with understandable and actionable responses to patients, but is at a high reading level for patients.

Implications for the Profession and Patient Care

Artificial intelligence–assisted patient education materials can significantly increase patient information rates in the health system regarding ease of practice. Artificial intelligence is currently not an option for creating patient education material, and their impact on the patient is not fully known.

Reporting Method

The study followed the STROBE checklist guidelines.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contributions.
Persistence Over Millennia Through Extreme Clonal Longevity: Phylogenomic Insight Into History of One of the World's Rarest Plant Species
Authors: Mráz Patrik , Flašková Lenka , Chrtek Jindřich , Mrázová Viera , Puşcaş Mihai , Josefiová Jiřina , Záveská Eliška
Published: October 2024

Aim

The evolutionary history of European alpine plant species with medium to large geographical ranges is relatively well explored. Here, we investigate the genetic structure and diversity of an extremely narrow endemic and one of the world's rarest plants.

Location

Eastern Carpathians, Romania.

Taxon

Andryala laevitomentosa (Asteraceae), an evolutionarily isolated herb species with a worldwide range limited to five micropopulations distributed along a 1.8 km long mountain ridge.

Methods

We used three plastid loci, nuclear ribosomal ITS and genome‐wide, mostly nuclear 26,272 Single‐Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNPs) obtained from RAD‐seq data. We assessed haplotype and genotype diversity, dated the resulting phylogeographic structure, quantified seed production and inferred vegetative propagation.

Results

Maternally inherited plastid markers and nuclear genomic data revealed a concordant pattern: (i) limited genetic diversity, with seven cpDNA haplotypes and 11 RAD‐seq multilocus genotypes; (ii) a strong geographic structure corresponding to spatially isolated genets (clones). The species is likely of early Pleistocene origin (c. 2 Mya), and the estimated age of individual clones varied from c. 24 to 64 Kya. The average seed set assessed over 3 years was only 0.4%. However, the species reproduces vegetatively by axillary and adventitious rosettes formed on rhizomes and roots, respectively.

Main Conclusions

The strong trade‐off between sexual and vegetative reproduction explains not only a deep and ancient phylogeographic structure but also the rarity of the species. Its survival depends almost entirely on vegetative reproduction. The genets of A. laevitomentosa are amongst the oldest clones ever documented in angiosperms. The persistence of these clones in situ for tens of thousands of years suggests an exceptional ability of this species to adapt to major climatic oscillations throughout the Pleistocene and Holocene and challenge our perception of the extent of resilience in plants.
Do European Capitals of Culture Influence Attitudes Towards and Identification with the European Union?
Authors: Knoll David
Published: October 2024

The European Capitals of Culture (ECoC) programme, a cornerstone of EU Cultural Policy, is designed to foster a sense of Europeanness amongst citizens and is described as a legitimizing tool for the EU. Although ECoCs cumulatively form the largest cultural event in Europe, their effectiveness in achieving these goals remains understudied. I contribute the first assessment of the effect of ECoCs on attitudes towards and identification with the EU by comparing ECoC regions before and after the event to non‐winning competitors. Results from difference‐in‐differences regression on Eurobarometer data show that positive effects of ECoCs on attitudes towards and identification with the EU are limited both spatially to the hosting region and temporally to the immediate aftermath of the event. Thus, ECoCs are a tool to bring the EU closer to its citizens, but their effects could be amplified further by strengthening the European dimension of the events.
Yes, we care! Consumer emotional responses to corporate neglect of climate change and the role of individual differences
Authors: Bagozzi Richard P. , Soscia Isabella , Babutsidze Zakaria
Published: October 2024

Company activities are important contributors to climate change. Consumers take companies' actions toward environment into account when they decide to engage with these companies. We study under which conditions corporate misconduct with respect to climate change outrages consumers, eliciting negative moral emotions. Moreover, we explore the capacity of these negative moral emotions to energize consumer decisions and action tendencies to retaliate against “offending” companies. Testing two moderated mediation models on random samples of 152 adult citizens of the United States and 159 adult citizens of France, we show that negative moral emotions experienced by consumers that witness corporate malfeasance toward the climate determine negative attitudes toward the company and intentions to penalize it. Moreover, for both samples, empathy, collective self, and moral identity moderate the relationship between the perception of corporate irresponsibility and moral emotions, while the effect of political orientation is culturally specific. These findings help to uncover under which conditions consumer hostile responses toward corporate misconduct takes place.
The effects of climate change‐related risks on banks: A literature review
Authors: de Bandt Olivier , Kuntz Laura‐Chloé , Pankratz Nora , Pegoraro Fulvio , Solheim Haakon , Sutton Gregory , Takeyama Azusa , Xia Fan Dora
Published: October 2024

This literature review describes the recent empirical literature in economics and finance focusing on how climate change‐related risks affect banks, with a particular emphasis on microeconomic evidence. The comparison of empirical estimates shows that many studies project limited estimates of damages for banks. For both loan and bond spreads, most estimates of the effect of climate change are below 50 bp. In comparison, studies on stock markets document responses that are more substantial. In real estate markets, there is evidence of price effects notably for flood risks associated with sea level rise. However, some studies indicate that climate risks could be underestimated. We note challenges related to the measurement of adaptation potential, non‐linear changes in hazards and responses, and the aggregation of effects across studies, markets, and bank portfolios.
Anticipated property tax increases and the timing of home sales: Evidence from administrative data
Authors: Hoyt William , Taulbee Lucas , Yelowitz Aaron
Published: October 2024

The infrequent reassessment of properties results in a divergence between the assessed values of current owners and prospective purchasers. This divergence is reduced when properties are reassessed, as is the tax “wedge” between current owners and prospective buyers. We examine how a reassessment‐induced reduction in this tax wedge affects home sales. Using data from Lexington, KY and our preferred approach, we find that reassessments are associated with an increase in sales of approximately 5%. Using an alternative approach, we find that a 10% increase in taxes due to reassessment increases the probability of a sale by 3%.
Using punctuated equilibrium theory to explain changes in policy outputs: The case of the United States Coast Guard
Authors: Morris John C. , Nyadzi Bennet K.
Published: October 2024

This article explores the utility of punctuated equilibrium (PE) theory in explaining revolutionary organizational change in the public sector and its effects on policy implementation, with a focus on the United States Coast Guard. We illustrate our model using data from in‐depth interviews with current and former senior Coast Guard officers and enlisted personnel, as well as secondary sources such as historical accounts and budget data. Through content analysis, we argue that PE theory begins with a change in the public sector organization's external environment, which then affects organizational strategy, structure, power distribution, and outputs. Punctuated equilibrium theory proves to be a valuable lens for understanding policy outputs in relation to organizational change.

Related Articles

Kwon, Sung‐Wook, and Sylvia Gonzalez‐Gorman. 2019. “Influence of Local Political Institutions on Policy Punctuation in Three Policy Areas.” Politics & Policy 47(2): 300–25. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12295.

Neill, Katharine A., and John C. Morris. 2012. “A Tangled Web of Principals and Agents: Examining the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill through a Principal–Agent Lens.”

Politics & Policy 40(4): 629–56. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2012.00371.x.

Peng, Peiwen, and Tangzhe Cao. 2023. “Attention, Institutional Friction, and Punctuated Equilibrium in China's Budget: Changes in Social Security and Employment Expenditure.” Politics & Policy 51(2): 256–82. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12523.
The impact of institutional measures on optimal use of intravenous immunoglobulin
Authors: Champagne Jean‐Nicolas , Desilets Antoine , Roy Guillaume , Landon‐Cardinal Océane , Chapdelaine Hugo , Matte Geneviève , Bouchard Claudia , Rioux‐Massé Benjamin , Lemay Anne‐Sophie
Published: October 2024

Background

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) shortage represents an emerging issue in transfusion medicine. Limited data are available to determine effective strategies for optimal use. The objective of this retrospective observational study was to determine the impact of institutional measures on IVIG use at a large academic center.

Methods

IVIG infusions from November 26, 2018 to September 25, 2022 were categorized according to their appropriateness (Recommended, Option of treatment, or Unrecommended), based on provincial guidelines, and separated into three phases: Reference, Transition, and Post‐Implementation phases, the latter following the adoption of restrictive measures, including mandatory standardized order forms, a blood bank gatekeeping strategy, and the creation of a stewardship committee.

Results

A total of 5431 IVIG infusions were administered to 544 patients, accounting for 295,033 g. The most common indication categories were neurology (30.4%), immunology (29.0%), and hematology (17.4%). From Reference to Post‐Implementation phase, IVIG infusions decreased from 2275 to 2000 with unrecommended indications dropping from 9.5% to 7.4% (p = 0.01), and a global reduction of 23.0% (from 131,163 g to 100,936 g of IVIG). Decrease in chronic immunomodulation accounted for 48.3% of total reduction (14,610 g of 30,227 g), whereas single‐use immunomodulation, 40.5% (12,237 g of 30,227 g). Moreover, an absolute reduction of 16.9% was observed in orders exceeding the recommended doses (20.8% to 3.9%; p < 0.0001). Together, the unrecommended and excessive IVIG doses decreased from 19,975 g (15.2%) to 6670 g (6.6%).

Conclusions

A global reduction in IVIG use and a preferential decrease in the unrecommended orders were observed, most likely attributable to the bundle of restrictive strategies implemented.
Scope of nursing work and models of service delivery in Australian primary and secondary schools: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Williams Chelsey , Rankin Elizabeth , Moyes Anita
Published: October 2024

Objective:

The objective of this review is to generate a national picture of the scope of nursing work and models of service delivery in Australian primary and secondary schools.

Introduction:

Schools are an important setting for providing health services to school-aged children and youth. Early intervention with identified health needs has the potential to improve health and educational outcomes across the life course. Additionally, many children and young people present with health issues requiring sophisticated management at school. Nurses have worked in Australian schools for more than a century, but there is a lack of clarity about the scope of nursing work and models of service delivery in Australian schools.

Inclusion criteria:

The review will include papers describing the work of registered or enrolled nurses in primary and secondary Australian schools providing education to children aged 3–18 years, in urban, regional, and remote areas of all states and territories. Peer-reviewed, non-peer-reviewed, and gray literature, not limited by publication date or language, will be included.

Methods:

The review will be conducted in accordance with the JBI methodology for scoping reviews. Databases to be searched will include CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO (all via EBSCOhost), together with ERIC, Informit, and Google. Two authors will independently screen titles and abstracts, and extract data from included papers. Data will be analyzed by state/territory and by education sector (government/non-government) to generate a national picture. The findings will be reported in a narrative synthesis aligned with the review questions.

Review registration:

Open Science Framework https://osf.io/6yqrm
Enhancing Gait Recognition in Lower Limb Exoskeletons: Adaptive Feature Selection and Random Forest With Bayesian Optimization
Authors: Lin Haibo , Guo Xudong , Zhong Fengqi , Cui Haipo , Zhao Zhan , Geng Haonan , Zhang Guojie
Published: October 2024

To improve human–machine cooperation and enhance the accuracy of gait recognition in wearable lower limb exoskeletons, an enhancement method of gait recognition based on adaptive feature selection and an optimized machine learning algorithm was proposed. In this study, surface electromyography (sEMG) signals of rectus femoris, medialis femoris, lateralis femoris, semitendinosus, and biceps femoris were recorded during level-ground walking. Then, time-domain (TD), frequency domain (FD), time-frequency domain (T-FD), and nonlinear features were extracted. The integrated values of electromyography, variance, root-mean-square, and wavelength were selected as the time-domain features, and the mean power frequency and median frequency were selected as the frequency domain features. Wavelet packet energy was selected as the time-frequency domain feature. Nonlinear features, including approximate entropy, sample entropy, and fuzzy entropy of sEMG were extracted. To reduce feature dimension and improve the calculation efficiency, adaptive feature selection was performed by particle swarm optimization combined with sigmoid function. Then, the feature matrix was determined as the input for a random forest classifier to recognize different gait phases. An adaptive optimization mechanism based on Bayesian optimization was applied to random forest. Compared with random forest, the overall performance of the optimized model was improved. Its accuracy was increased by 3.57%. The feature selection and adaptive optimization mechanisms in gait recognition not only enhance the accuracy of random forest algorithms applied to sEMG for gait prediction but also facilitate the flexibility and consistency required for lower limb exoskeleton gait control.
A Hybrid Approach Integrating Physics-Based Models and Expert-Augmented Neural Networks for Ship Fuel Consumption Prediction
Authors: Liang Qin , Han Peihua , Vanem Erik , Erik Knutsen Knut , Zhang Houxiang
Published: October 2024

The International Maritime Organization’s recent approval of the 2023 strategy on reduction of greenhouse gas emissions amplifies the pressure on stakeholders to achieve net-zero emissions in shipping by 2050. Considering the anticipated predominance of traditional single-fuel engines into the next decade, due to their high efficiency and economic benefits, the implementation of operational measures stands as the foremost effective method for mitigating emissions and reducing fuel consumption. Accurate fuel consumption prediction is crucial for informed decision-making and operational efficiency. This paper introduces an innovative hybrid model, combining an advanced physics-based model with an expert-augmented neural network, offering superior fuel consumption predictions. Expert knowledge is integrated into the neural network model to enhance its learning capabilities. Performance is validated against DNV Navigator Insight and publicly available fuel consumption reporting data, demonstrating superiority over purely data-driven and physics-based models. This hybrid approach bridges accuracy and scalability for sustainable maritime operations.
Family Car Ownership: Driving Inactivity in Young People? Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Analyses in the International Children’s Accelerometry Database
Authors: Van Sluijs Esther M.F. , Ekelund Ulf , Hallal Pedro C. , Hansen Bjorge H. , Panter Jenna , Salmon Jo , Sharp Stephen J. , Sherar Lauren B. , Atkin Andrew J.
Published: October 2024

Background: Ubiquitous car ownership may affect children’s activity and health. We assessed the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between household car ownership and children’s daily time spent sedentary (SED) and in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Methods: Pooled cohort data were from the International Children’s Accelerometry Database. Outcome measures were average daily accelerometer-measured SED and MVPA (in minutes per day). Exposures were household car ownership (none, 1, and ≥2) and change in car ownership. Associations were examined using multivariable mixed-effects linear regression. Results: Mean age of participants (N = 4193) was 10.4 years (SD = 2.0), 53.4% were girls, and mean follow-up duration (N = 1333) was 3.3 years (SD = 1.1). Cross-sectionally, household car ownership was associated with higher SED (vs none: 1 car: β = 14.1 min/d, 95% CI, 6.7–21.5; ≥2 cars: 12.8, 95% CI, 5.3–20.4) and lower MVPA (vs none: 1 car: β = –8.8, 95% CI, −11.9 to −5.7; ≥2 cars: β = –8.8, 95% CI, −12.0 to −5.7). Associations were stronger in boys than girls and in children from lower socioeconomic backgrounds (SED only). Prospectively, there were no associations with increased car ownership. Reductions in household car ownership (of which 93.1% had ≥ 2 cars at baseline) were associated with a greater reduction in MVPA (vs no change: β = −8.4, 95% CI, −13.9 to −3.0) but not SED. Conclusions: Children in households with car access were more SED and less active than those without. Losing access to a second car was associated with greater decreases in MVPA, potentially related to losing access to activity-enabling environments. Reducing car access and use are important public health targets (eg, reducing air pollution), but their potential impact on children’s activity opportunities should be mitigated.
Gender, Ethnicity, and Socioeconomic Inequalities in Physical Activity Throughout the Life Course: A Systematic Review of Cohort Studies
Authors: Leite Giulia Salaberry , Lucena Alves Charles Philipe de , Leão Otavio Amaral de Andrade , Crochemore-Silva Inácio
Published: October 2024

Background: This study aimed to assess longitudinal changes in physical activity inequalities according to gender, socioeconomic status, and ethnicity throughout the life course. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus databases for cohort studies addressing trajectories or monitoring physical activity at a minimum of 2 time points, presenting stratified estimates for at least 1 dimension of inequality (gender, socioeconomic status, or ethnicity). Main methodological characteristics and physical activity point estimates were extracted, enabling interpretation of the stability or increasing/decreasing inequalities over time. Results: Out of the 22 included studies in the review, none were designed or presented with specific aims addressing changes in physical activity according to the dimension of inequalities throughout the life course. Therefore, the main results and interpretation were performed according to available information. Males consistently showed a higher prevalence of physical activity than females. We observed both an increase and stability in gender inequality during childhood, followed by an increase in the transition from childhood to adolescence. During adolescence, both increase and stability in gender inequality were identified, with mixed results observed during adulthood, and in later life stages, in a limited number of studies. There is no or very limited evidence regarding ethnicity and socioeconomic status inequalities throughout the life course. Conclusion: Although none of the studies directly measured inequalities, an early emergence of gender inequalities was observed. Future research should include these dimensions as well as other social identities to enhance the understanding of inequalities throughout the life course.
A machine learning approach uncovers principles and determinants of eukaryotic ribosome pausing
Authors: Aguilar Rangel Mauricio , Stein Kevin , Frydman Judith
Published: October 2024

Nonuniform local translation speed dictates diverse protein biogenesis outcomes. To unify known and uncover unknown principles governing eukaryotic elongation rate, we developed a machine learning pipeline to analyze RiboSeq datasets. We find that the chemical nature of the incoming amino acid determines how codon optimality influences elongation rate, with hydrophobic residues more dependent on transfer RNA (tRNA) levels than charged residues. Unexpectedly, we find that wobble interactions exert a widespread effect on elongation pausing, with wobble-mediated decoding being slower than Watson-Crick decoding, irrespective of tRNA levels. Applying our ribosome pausing principles to ribosome collisions reveals that disomes arise upon apposition of fast-decoding and slow-decoding signatures. We conclude that codon choice and tRNA pools are evolutionarily constrained to harmonize elongation rate with cotranslational folding while minimizing wobble pairing and deleterious stalling.
Massive perturbation of sound representations by anesthesia in the auditory brainstem
Authors: Gosselin Etienne , Bagur Sophie , Bathellier Brice
Published: October 2024

Anesthesia modifies sensory representations in the thalamo-cortical circuit but is considered to have a milder impact on peripheral sensory processing. Here, tracking the same neurons across wakefulness and isoflurane or ketamine medetomidine anesthesia, we show that the amplitude and sign of single neuron responses to sounds are massively modified by anesthesia in the cochlear nucleus of the brainstem, the first relay of the auditory system. The reorganization of activity is so profound that decoding of sound representation under anesthesia is not possible based on awake activity. However, population-level parameters, such as average tuning strength and population decoding accuracy, are weakly affected by anesthesia, explaining why its effect has previously gone unnoticed when comparing independently sampled neurons. Together, our results indicate that the functional organization of the auditory brainstem largely depends on the network state and is ill-defined under anesthesia. This demonstrates a remarkable sensitivity of an early sensory stage to anesthesia, which is bound to disrupt downstream processing.
Astrocytic GLUT1 reduction paradoxically improves central and peripheral glucose homeostasis
Authors: Ardanaz Carlos G. , de la Cruz Aida , Minhas Paras S. , Hernández-Martín Nira , Pozo Miguel Ángel , Valdecantos M. Pilar , Valverde Ángela M. , Villa-Valverde Palmira , Elizalde-Horcada Marcos , Puerta Elena , Ramírez María J. , Ortega Jorge E. , Urbiola Ainhoa , Ederra Cristina , Ariz Mikel , Ortiz-de-Solórzano Carlos , Fernández-Irigoyen Joaquín , Santamaría Enrique , Karsenty Gerard , Brüning Jens C. , Solas Maite
Published: October 2024

Astrocytes are considered an essential source of blood-borne glucose or its metabolites to neurons. Nonetheless, the necessity of the main astrocyte glucose transporter, i.e., GLUT1, for brain glucose metabolism has not been defined. Unexpectedly, we found that brain glucose metabolism was paradoxically augmented in mice with astrocytic GLUT1 reduction (GLUT1
ΔGFAP
mice). These mice also exhibited improved peripheral glucose metabolism especially in obesity, rendering them metabolically healthier. Mechanistically, we observed that GLUT1-deficient astrocytes exhibited increased insulin receptor–dependent ATP release, and that both astrocyte insulin signaling and brain purinergic signaling are essential for improved brain function and systemic glucose metabolism. Collectively, we demonstrate that astrocytic GLUT1 is central to the regulation of brain energetics, yet its depletion triggers a reprogramming of brain metabolism sufficient to sustain energy requirements, peripheral glucose homeostasis, and cognitive function.