bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cüveynî Fiziğinde Hareket Fenomeni: İ‘timâd Teorisi ve Tafra Eleştirisi Bağlamında Bir Çözümleme
Authors: ELİŞ Veysel
Published: December 2023

Kelâmcıların âlemi anlama ve anlamlandırma hususunda, teolojik görüşlerine uyumlu olarak hareketi tartışırken fiziksel bir açıklama modeli olarak ele aldıkları bir kavram da i‘timâddır. Farklı bağlamlarda çeşitli anlamlar yüklenen bu kavram özetle “bir şeyin içindeki hareket eğilimini, potansiyel enerjiyi, bir şeyin başka bir şeye yaptığı basıncı ya da gösterdiği direnci” ifade etmek için kullanılmıştır. Bu bağlamda ağırlık-hafiflik, yükselme-düşme, itme-çekme vb. nesnelerin, tek yönlü ve zorunlu hareketiyle ilgili pek çok fenomen izah edilmiştir. Öte yandan kelâmcılar nedensellik (illiyyet) anlayışlarıyla ilintili olarak i‘timâdı, kendi âlem tasarımları bağlamında ele almış ve cisimlerin âlemdeki hareketlerini, değişim-dönüşümlerini, aralarındaki nedensellik ilişkisini bu düzlemde tartışmışlardır. Yaptıkları tartışmalar neticesinde i‘timâd kavramıyla ilgili sorular üretmiş ve bu sorulara kendi âlem tasarımları ışığında yanıtlar vermeye çalışmışlardır. Aynı şekilde i‘timâd teorisiyle ilintili olarak Mu‘tezilî âlim Ebû İshâk İbrâhîm en-Nazzâm’ın (ö. 231/845) öne sürdüğü tafra (sıçrama) teorisini tartışmış ve karşıt argümanlar ortaya koymuşlardır. Bu doğrultuda tartışılan sorulara yanıt arayan ve i‘timâda dair görüş bildirenlerden biri de Eş’arî kelâmcı Ebü’l-Meâlî el-Cüveynî’dir (ö. 478/1085). O, i‘timâdı mekânsal oluş arazları bakımından ele almış ve i‘timâdı başta hareket olmak üzere mekân, ağırlık-hafiflik, yukarı ve aşağı gibi yön fenomenleri açısından tümel bir açıklayıcı teori olarak kullanmıştır. Buradan hareketle o, i’timâdı tabiattaki olgulardan ve nesnelerden verdiği örneklerle de yorumlamaya çalışmıştır. Bunu yaparken i‘timadı, çoğunlukla verdiği örnekler üzerinden Eş’arî metafizik prensiplerini de gözeterek kendi sistemi içerisinde sentezleyip açıklayıcı bir öğe olarak sunmuştur. Böylece nesnelerin hareketlerinin i‘timâdı doğurup-doğurmadığına yönelik görüşler ortaya koymuş, bunun yanında i‘timâdın Mu‘tezile ve Eş’ârî ekollerindeki kullanım şekillerine dikkat çekmiştir. Bu bağlamda Mu‘tezile’nin i‘timâd anlayışının Eş’arî i‘timâd anlayışıyla örtüşüp-örtüşmediğini örneklerle ispatlamaya çalışmıştır. Öte yandan Cüveynî, öne sürdüğü ispatlarını genelde Mu‘tezile özelde ise Nazzâm üzerinden yaptığı eleştiriler bağlamında ortaya koymuştur. Yaptığı eleştiriler de genellikle Mu‘tezilî âlimlerin i‘timâd bağlamında hareket fenomeni üzerinden ortaya koyduğu görüşlere cevap mahiyetinde olmuştur. Zira Cüveynî, özellikle Ebû Ali el-Cübbâî (ö. 303/916) ile oğlu Ebû Hâşim’in (ö. 321/933) ve bunun yanında Nazzâm’ın tafra kuramı bağlamında getirdiği delillere karşı onların argümanları üzerinden tevlîd teorisini Eş‘arî çizgide durarak eleştirmiştir. Bu doğrultuda makale, Cüveynî’nin i‘timâd teorisini ispat ederken verdiği örnekleri, hareket fenomeni açısından nasıl açıkladığı, ondan ne anladığı üzerine yoğunlaşmaktadır. Ayrıca onun hareket fenomenini açıklarken Nazzâm’ın tafra kuramı bağlamında getirdiği teorik ve deneysel argümanlara karşı eleştirilerini ele almaktadır.
Osman el-Afîf es-Seferîhisârî’nin Risâletü’l-İrâdeti’l-Cüzʾiyye Adlı Eseri: Tahlil, Tahkik ve Tercüme
Authors: SÜNGER Adem
Published: December 2023

Bu makalede son dönem Osmanlı âlimlerinden Osman Afîf Efendi’nin Risâletü’l-irâdeti’l-cüzʾiyye’sinde insan fiillerinin yaratılması problemine dair sunduğu çözüm önerisi ele alınacak, ardından söz konusu risâlenin tahkik ve tercümesi yapılarak risâle literatüre kazandırılacaktır. Kelâm ilminin başlangıç döneminden itibaren tartışılagelen insanın, eylemlerindeki rolünün ne olduğu problemi ḳaẓâ ve ḳader, ḫalḳu’l-aʿmâl ve efʿâl-i ibâd gibi farklı isimlerde telif edilen eserlere konu olsa da Osmanlı ilim geleneğinde daha ziyade cüzî irade risâleleri özelinde ele alınmıştır. Osman Afîf Efendi’nin çalışmamıza konu olan risâlesi de bu türün son örneklerinden biridir. Müellif, söz konusu risalesinde insan fiilleri ve hâdis kudret konusunda ortaya çıkan yaklaşımlara dair genel bir çerçeve çizmektedir. Bu bağlamda Cebriyye, Muʿtezile’nin çoğunluğu, filozofların meşhûr görüşü, Ebü’l-Hasen el-Eşʿarî (ö. 324/935-36), Ebû İshâk el-İsferâyînî (ö. 418/1027), Ebû Bekr el-Bâkıllânî (ö. 403/1013) ve Mâtürîdî ekolün yaklaşımına ilaveten sekizinci bir görüşten daha bahsetmektedir. Osman Afîf Efendi Cebriyye, Muʿtezile’nin çoğunluğu ve filozofların meşhûr görüşlerinin sadece ana fikirlerine temas etmektedir. Buna mukabil Eşʿarî, İsferâyînî, Bâkıllânî ve -dolaylı olarak- Mâtürîdî ekolün yaklaşıma dair nispeten daha geniş izahlar yapmaktadır. Osman Afîf Efendi, sünnî âlimlerce getirilen çözüm önerilerinin -Eşʿarî, İsferâyînî, Bâkıllânî, Mâtürîdî yaklaşım ve sekizinci görüş- itikatta orta yol ortak paydasında birleştiklerini söylemekte ve söz konusu çözüm önerileri arasındaki farklılıklardan ziyade benzerlikleri öne çıkarmaktadır. Müellifin Eşʿarî’nin kesb anlayışı bağlamında dile getirdiği birtakım hususlar onun Eşʿarî’nin kesb düşüncesine farklı bir açılım getirme çabasında olduğu izlenimi vermektedir. Eşʿarî’ye göre ihtiyârî fiillerin meydana gelmesindeki müessirin hadis kudret olduğunu söylemesi, kesb kavramına fiile mahal olmadan farklı bir anlam yüklemesi ve bunu yetimin dövülmesi örneği üzerinden izah etmesi buna işaret etmektedir. Bâkıllânî ve İsferâyînî’nin görüşleri bağlamındaki izahları söz konusu âlimlerin yaklaşımlarına yöneltilen eleştirilere cevap mâhiyetindedir. Risâlede en çok dikkat çeken hususlardan biri de Mâtürîdî ekolün görüşünün Bâkıllânî’nin yaklaşımı ile aynı olduğunun ifade edilmesidir. Bu sebeple olsa gerek ki Osman Afîf Efendi Mâtürîdî mezhebinin görüşlerini müstakil değil, Bâkıllânî bağlamında ele almaktadır. Osman Afîf Efendi, insan iradesine yani küllî ve cüzî irade meselesine de ayrıca değinmektedir. Bu çerçevede cüzî iradenin mahlûk olmadığını belirtmektedir. Bununla birlikte cüzî iradenin ontik yapısına dair net bir izah yapmamakta, müteahhir dönem Mâtürîdî âlimlerce dile getirilen cüzî iradenin itibârî veya intizâʿî bir durum yahut hâl kabilinden olması şeklindeki farklı kanaatleri zikretmektedir.
Mu‘tezile’de Ayrıksı Düşünce: Rızka Yönelik Çabanın Haramlığı (Taḥrîmü’l-mekâsib)
Authors: SARICA A. İskender
Published: December 2023

İslâm kelâm telifâtında rızık meselesi başlığı altında genelde rızık verenin kim olduğu, haramın rızıktan sayılıp sayılmayacağı, Allah Teâlâ’nın haram olan rızka yönelik rızasının olup olmadığı gibi konulara odaklanılmıştır. Rızık konusuna ilişkin satır aralarında rastlanan bir konu ise, kişinin rızık elde etmek için çalışmasının haram olup olmadığı meselesidir. Esasen insanın hayatını idame ettirebilmesi adına geçim vasıtalarının peşine düşmesi, Müslüman düşünürlerin genel ve baskın kabulüne göre mübah, zorunlu durumlarda ise vaciptir. Uṣûlü’n-niḥal’de aktarılan bir kayda göre i‘tizâlî düşüncenin teşekkül döneminde Bişr b. el-Mu‘temir’in öğrencisi Ebû İmrân Mûsâ b. er-Rakkāşî, Nazzâm’ın mülhid öğrencisi Fazl el-Hadesî ve kendisi hakkında herhangi bir bilgi tespit edilemeyen Hüseyn el-Kûfî’nin de içinde bulunduğu ve geçimlerini sadaka yoluyla sağladığı anlaşılan Mu‘tezilî sûfîler (ṣûfiyyetü’l-Muʿtezile), Müslüman düşünürlerin kabulüne aykırı olarak rızka yönelik her türlü çabanın haramlığını (taḥrîmü’l-mekâsib) savunmuştur. Ancak belirtmek gerekir ki, onlar açısından rızık için bir çaba ortaya konmasındaki haramlık, rızkın tanımı olan ‘menfaatlerin tamamı’nı kapsamayıp, sadece rızkın ticaret ve ziraat gibi yollarla elde edilmesindeki çabaya yöneliktir. Aklî söylemleriyle ön plana çıkan Mu‘tezilîler arasında böyle aşırı bir eğilimin bulunması ilgi çekicidir. “Nasıl olur da bir Mu‘tezilî tahrîmü’l-mekâsibi savunur?” sorusuna cevap aranan bu tasviri çalışmada, tahrîmü’l-mekâsib düşüncesinin kendisinden evrildiğini düşündüğümüz rızka yönelik çabanın terk edilmesi (terkü’l-mekâsib) meselesine değinilmiş, sonrasında Mu‘tezilî sûfîlerin tahrîmü’l-mekâsibe ilişkin görüşleri ağırlıklı olarak Mu‘tezilî kaynaklardan hareketle temellendirilmeye çalışılmış ve onlara yönelik Mu‘tezilî müelliflerin eleştirilerine yer verilmiştir. Mu‘tezilî sûfîlerin tahrîmü’l-mekâsibi savunmadaki gerekçelerinin üç noktaya yoğunlaştığı tespit edilmiştir: (i) âdil bir imamın bulunmaması sebebiyle âdil bir düzenin olmadığı ve buna bağlı olarak zalim (yönetici)lere bilerek veya bilmeyerek destek çıkılması ihtimalinin bulunması ve bunun bir sonucu olarak onlardan bazısının İslâm diyarını dâru’l-küfr olarak nitelendirmesi, (ii) yine imamet meselesiyle ilintili olarak âdil yani hukukî/ahlâkî bir düzenin olmadığı bir ortamda helal ile haramın birbirinden ayrılamayacak kadar iç içe geçmiş olması ve kişinin kendisini haramdan koruması adına rızka konu olan şeylerin sadece sadaka yoluyla tezkiye edilerek helal hâle gelebileceği ve (iii) Allah Teâlâ’ya tevekkülün farz olması ve herhangi bir rızık peşine düşme çabasının tevekküle aykırı olması. Tahrîmü’l-mekâsibi savunanlara Mu‘tezilî müelliflerce; aklî ve ahlâkî tutum korunarak ticaret yapmanın hasen oluşu, kişinin ticaretteki kastının ve menfaatinin önemli oluşu ve tevekkülün doğru zeminde inşa edilemeyişi çerçevesinde eleştiri getirilmiştir. Sonuç itibarıyla tahrîmü’l-mekâsib savunucuları, yanlış istidlâlleri sebebiyle Mu‘tezile düşünce ikliminde yer edinemediği için inkıraza uğramıştır.
The Term “Nafs” in The Qur’ān
Authors: GÜNAL Tuğba
Published: December 2023

The definition, nature, characteristics, and identification of the nafs are among the most fundamental problems in both metaphysics and theology. The manner in which the subject of the nafs is addressed even provides the opportunity to scrutinize the entire Islamic thought tradition through this topic. Indeed, it can be observed that the approach to the topic of the nafs is foundational to cosmological, ontological, epistemological, and ethical aspects in understanding existence in general and human existence in particular, which indicates that nafs has many dimensions rather than one definitive character. According to the prevailing understanding in the literature, nafs is emphasized to a) play a significant role in the formation of existence, b) have a nature separate from the body, c) be the rationale for obtaining knowledge, and d) be a source for ethical actions. In this context, the inquiries “where am I and what am I related to”, “what am I”, “what and how can I know” and “what should I do” are directly addressed within the framework of the theory of the nafs. The presentation of the fundamental determinant of human existence as a separate and distinct entity from the body is based on certain reasons. Humans’ abilities to operate cognitive processes at a higher level, to generate ethical actions, and to be addressed by revelation has led to the conclusion that humans are different from and superior to other beings. This distinctiveness and superiority, however, imply that existence is not limited to the material. The idea that matter is always associated with qualities such as change, decay, fragmentation, and extinction has nourished this belief. Therefore, especially in the later period of kalām (mutaʾaḫḫirūn), the conception of existence which is material but is not restricted to materiality alone is rejected. In other words, the idea of a being that, while material, can produce non-material outputs has been abandoned, and human beings have been examined behind the duality of nafs and body. The preference for a dualistic understanding is not inherent in the formation of kalām. It is observed that in the early periods of kalām (mutaqaddimūn), Mu‘tazilī, Ash‘arī, and Māturīdī literature, collectively, emphasized the need to define human existence without reference to a separate nafs from the body. This preference for a dualistic understanding in analyzing human existence is a product of the influence resulting from encounters with different cultures. In this regard, the impact of Greek, Indian, Egyptian, and Sumerian philosophies on Islamic thought is evident. The fundamentally non-dualistic approach of kalām seems to be stemmed from the Qur’ān. In our study, the foundation of this claim will be laid down. The word nafs one of the fundamental terms of the Qur’ān, will be examined from a holistic perspective. This examination will also provide a basis for evaluating the literature on this subject.
The Transformation of Radjʿa Doctrine of Shiʿa: A Case Study on the Nusayrīs, the Druzes and the Bābī-Bahāīs
Authors: BAYRAM Aydın
Published: December 2023

As one of the main tenets of mainstream Shiʿa, the radjʿa doctrine is potentially open to radical interpretations. In the background of this belief, the concept of ghayba (occultation) with the special meaning attributed to it has vital importance. According to the Imāmiyya or Twelve Imams (Ithnā ʿAshʿariyya) Shiʿism, which has survived to date within Shiʿism and constitutes the vast majority of them, the twelfth imam, Muhammad b. al-Hasan went into major occultation in 941. According to this doctrine, it is believed that one day the hidden imam will return and rule over the whole world, which is filled with injustice. In fact, examples of the belief in radjʿa can be traced back to earlier periods. In the early history of Islam, some extreme sects (ghulāt) emerged by claiming the immortality of important figures such as, ʿAlī b. Abī Tālib (d. 40/661) and his son Husayn (d. 61/680). The 10th century also became the scene of such claims among Shiʿa such as the return of the hidden imam, Muhammad b. al-Hasan who is believed to be in occultation and will one day reappear to guide all humanity. This study examines three sub-sects of Shiʿīsm, namely the Nusayrīs, the Druzes and the Bābī-Bahāīs that all interpret the doctrine of radjʿa from a gnostic point of view. The first two emerged in the tenth century simultaneously, while the Bābī-Bahāīs in the nineteenth. It is worth to note here that the concept of bāb has played the mediating role in the approach to the radjʿa doctrine. Ibn al-Nusayr, the founder of the Nusayrī sect, put forward a ground breaking approach to the doctrine by declaring himself as the gateway to the eleventh and twelfth imam. In addition, the belief in the incarnation of God’s soul into the body of ʿAli, and later on its transfer to bodies of the imams until it reached the twelfth imam, spread. The Druzes focused directly on the divinity of al-Hakīm bi-Amrillah rather than on the concept of bāb. The Bābīs and Bahāʾīs, on the other hand, interpreted the doctrine of radjʿa on the basis of the concept of bāb and the claim of messiahship, and a new religion. Especially, the Nusayrīs and the Druzes interpreted radjʿa phenomenon and transformed it into hulūl (incarnation) and tanāsukh (metempsychosis). The Bābī-Bahāī community, however, transformed the doctrine of radjʿa into the doctrine of prophethood by refusing the termination of the prophethood with the prophet Muhammad. Thus, they claim to be a new religion that abolishes the rules of previous religions. The purpose of this study is to analyse the way in which the selected sub-sects of Shiʿa have approached the doctrine of radjʿa and the extent of their interpretation of this phenomenon.
Crowdfunding for Inter-Faith Peace: Youth, Networked Social Movement, and Muslim Philanthropy NGOs in Contemporary Indonesia
Authors: Anoraga Bhirawa
Published: December 2023

This study examines the involvement of Indonesian youth and Muslim philanthropy NGOs in the promotion of inter-faith harmony through crowdfunding. Crowdfunding or online fundraising has been rapidly growing in Indonesia. It has been used to respond to various issues among others are religious violence. Currently, almost whenever radical acts happened in Indonesia, people turned to crowdfunding to express inter-faith solidarity and support. This study draws from the concept of networked social movement to explain the characteristics of crowdfunding campaigns for inter-faith harmony. This concept highlights contemporary online movements that are spontaneous, leaderless, and temporal in nature which is distinct from the well-organized movements commonly studied by scholars. This study argues that the characteristics of network social movement fit with the current generation of remaja that is assumed to be socially apathetic and more immersed in developing themselves and consuming media. Nevertheless, despite the spontaneous and temporal tenets, the youth’s inter-faith movements were able to mobilize a significant number of donations and attract Muslim NGOs that were often perceived to be sectarian to support the inter-faith campaigns. The data in this study were collected from interviews with the campaign initiators and Muslim philanthropy NGOs. This study also observed donors’ comments and interactions in the largest crowdfunding platform in Indonesia, Kitabisa, particularly in the campaigns that responded to religious violence. The findings of this study contribute to the studies on Indonesian youth, Islamic philanthropy, and the state of inter-faith relations in Indonesia which was argued to be experiencing a conservative turn.
Islamic State Utopia: Investigating Khilafatul Muslimin Movement in Contemporary Indonesia
Authors: Sukardi Imam
Published: December 2023

This article aims to explore the contemporary Islamic state establishment movement in Indonesia namely Khilafatul Muslimin. Even though the Islamic state is strictly forbidden in Indonesia by the national constitution, such movements have been endless for a long time in the country. The phenomenon of Khilafatul Muslimin, which has recently emerged and surfaced in the realm of politics and religion in the country, indicates that some Muslims want to establish a Khilafah state under Islamic law. Utilizing qualitative methods with the library and documents research in a thorough and depth analysis, this article is designed to excavate and identify the anatomy of the Khilafatul Muslimin as the Islamic state movements, which were familiar to the archipelago since its independence. The study reveals that unlike the past similar movements, which mostly ended in the discourse, this organization has built a set of an Islamic state hierarchy and bureaucracy with complete personals. In addition, Khilafatul Muslimin linked its network to those radical-global Islamic state movements like the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), which, in turn, challenges Pancasila as the national ideology. However, interestingly, the root of Khilafatul Muslimin is closely related to Darul Islam (DI) and Negara Islam Indonesia (NII, Indonesian Islamic State), the past and utopian Islamic state movement in a huge multicultural Indonesian society. This research will benefit the policymakers in Indonesia to treat other Islamic movements equitably, while still keeping the country in harmony. For further study, it will be fruitful to involve broader methods in gathering data to have more comprehensive results.
Indonesian Muslim Society's Reception of Sensation Language and Invitation to Polygamy on Social Media
Authors: Astari Rika , Astari Rika
Published: December 2023

Poligami Asyik Channel is one of the media used by Ustad Awan (UA) to socialize polygamy invitations. The language on this polygamous YouTube uses sensational language. Even though this invitation to polygamy is packaged in sensational language, it is still defeated by personal and interpersonal experiences that are discussed on social media and represented in stories from films and soap operas. This paper aims to map the forms of reception, the factors behind the reception and their impact on public discourse on polygamy law.This research is qualitative and based on primary and secondary data. Primary data was obtained from distributing questionnaires to participants in the Daurah Poligami online training (December 2022) and studies on the Poligami Asyik Channel (from December 1 to December 23, 2022). Data are sorted and classified based on Stuart Hall's reception theory. The stages of data processing started with the reduction of netizens' expressions /receptions in the comments column. The observation of data display is carried out in the form of a summary and synopsis based on reception expression patterns. The analysis follows an interpretation technique that starts with a restatement of the data followed by a description, ends with an interpretation of the dataThe results of the study show that invitations to polygamy using sensational language increase public rejection of polygamy. The public reception is through personal and interpersonal expressions that are discussed on social media and then represented in public entertainment media (soap operas and films). The difference in the reception then becomes a hybrid reception that further dramatizes polygamy law, so that it is not in line with Islamic law.
Sectarian tensions, islamophobia, and decolonization: comparing Jasser Auda’s and Jonathan Brown’s analysis of the hadiths concerning Aisha’s marital age
Authors: Muzakkir Muhamad Rofiq , Muwahidah Siti Sarah , Utsany Royan , Rohmansyah Rohmansyah
Published: December 2023

The ongoing debate surrounding the hadiths on Aisha’s age of marriage has givenrise to two main positions among Muslim scholars, namely: the rejectors, thosewho reject the hadiths’ validity and propose the view that Aisha got married atan older age, and the defenders, those who defend them as valid hadiths andaccept that Aisha consummated her marriage at the early age of nine years old. Inthis study, we examine this issue through the opposing arguments offered by twocontemporary Muslim scholars: Jasser Auda, who represents the view of hadithrejectors, and Jonathan Brown, who represents those who accept the validity of thehadiths. These two scholars have been chosen to represent these two standpointsmainly because of their novel and distinctive theoretical contributions to theongoing debate. Entangled in this debate is the issue of whether pre-modernreality can be assessed by using modern norms. We employ critical analysis onthe epistemological and methodological aspects surrounding the two scholars’interpretations of the hadiths of Aisha’s age of marriage. We argue that threesignificant features distinguish Auda and Brown’s dispositions. These are: first,their different conceptions of the interplay between politics, knowledge, andmemory; second, their differing epistemological approaches to hadith science;and third, their opposing assumptions about the universality of modern norms.
A Comparative Study of Tissue Response to Implantation of Two-Component Hemostatic Sodium Salt of Carboxymethyl Cellulose Sponges in a Chronic in Vivo Test
Authors: Lipatov Vyacheslav Alexandrovich , Panov Alexandr Anatol'evich , Denisov Artyom Alexandrovich , Pokhozhay Vladimir Vladimirirovich
Published: December 2023

Background. Currently, cases of damage to parenchymal organs for various reasons remain widespread. Most often, damage results from trauma and various surgical interventions. In modern surgical practice, a wide range of application hemostatic agents is increasingly used to stop bleeding from parenchymal organs. Hemostatic sponges are most widely used for these purposes. The advantage of this technique to stop bleeding is that the porous structure provides a high degree of adhesion to the wound surface without additional fixation and trauma to surrounding tissues.The aim of research was to comparatively study the body tissue response to implantation of two-component hemostatic sodium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC) sponges in a chronic in vivo test.Materials and methods. The study materials included: a two-component sponge hemostatic Na-CMC-based agent (No. 1) (an experimental sample developed in KSMU, Russia), a collagen hemostatic sponge (No. 2) (JSC "Zelenaya Dubrava", Russia), "TachoComb" ( No. 3) (Takeda, Austria), Surgicel Fibrillar (No. 4) (Johnson Johnson, USA). Rabbits were subjected to a median laparotomy under inhaled anesthesia in the laboratory of experimental surgery and oncology at the Scientific Research Institute of Emergency Medicine, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education KSMU, Ministry of Health of Russia; the animals were also simulated a superficial liver injury. This was followed by the application of tested samples of hemostatic products. In 1, 3, 7, 14 days after surgery, each animal underwent control-dynamic laparoscopy with the macroscopic assessment of the following parameters: the presence/absence and nature of pathological changes in the abdominal cavity (signs of inflammation, effusion, its nature and quantity), the severity of the adhesive process, the prevalence of adhesions, and the morphology of adhesions.Results. The lowest prevalence and severity of the adhesive process were observed under hemostatic Na-CMC sponge application. Statistically significant differences were obtained when comparing the prototype with all the study groups.Conclusion. After interventions two-component Na-CMC-based sponge application results in minimal manifestations of adhesions in the abdominal cavity of laboratory animals (1.3 times lower than in all comparison groups, p0.05). In all cases, the authors detected cord-like adhesions; their morphological substrate was a strand of the greater omentum. However, in spite of the presence of adhesions in the abdominal cavity, there were no clinically supported data on the development of adhesive intestinal obstruction. No signs of local or widespread peritonitis were detected in any of the animals.
A Colorectal Adenocarcinoma With Obstruction in a 26-Year-Old Man: A Case Report in an Unlikely Age Group
Authors: Mahdizadeh Faraz , Chinifroush-Asl Mir Mehdi , Heidary Farzad
Published: December 2023

Colorectal cancer affects the rectum or large bowel, including the appendix. This type of cancer develops from the colorectal mucosa, with adenocarcinoma being the most common form, accounting for over 95% of cases. It typically affects individuals aged 50 years or older. However, this report highlights a case of colorectal adenocarcinoma that occurred at a young age, despite no family history. Unfortunately, the cancer was initially missed during check-ups because of the unlikely age group, resulting in a delayed diagnosis. The patient, who presented with an obstruction, underwent surgical interventions. Upon further examination, the histopathological tests revealed that the patient had well-differentiated type I colorectal adenocarcinoma.
Occult Pheochromocytoma and Acute Ischaemic Stroke in Young Adult: Cause or Association
Authors: Siddiqi Zeba , Saboor Mateen , Singhi Shivesh , Shah Haneen
Published: December 2023

Pheochromocytoma is a rare catecholamine-secreting tumours of chromaffin tissues that cause a constellation of symptoms. It is closely associated with endocrine hypertension that can be masked, sustained or paroxysmal leading to hypertensive crisis, resulting in vascular and non-vascular complications and rarely cerebral ischaemia and stroke. A healthy 22 year old male reported with acute Right upper limb(RUL) monoplegia and Motor aphasia for five days with raised blood pressure levels. hypertonia was present, deep tendon reflexes were exaggerated in RUL and Right Plantar was extensor. General and systemic findings were nonsignificant . Routine investigations showed thrombocytosis and M.R.I. Brain was suggestive of acute infarction of Left Parieto-Temporal region. Renal doppler, Carotid Intima Media Thickness, Cerebral Angiogram, 2D-E.C.H.O. and Fundoscopy were normal. AntinuclearAntibody was negative. Contrast CT of abdomen revealed right adrenal mass suggestive of isolated Pheochromocytoma. Vanyl-Mandelic Acid was positive. Patient was stabilised and managed conservatively for 4 weeks followed by adrenalectomy and appropriate medical therapy. Patient is on regular followup and does not seem to require any antihypertensives or any other intervention. Pheochromocytoma is a notorious tumor and a great masquerader specially in young adults. A keen eye, routine checkups and evaluation is the key to detecting and preventing its associated morbidity and mortality.
Civil Liability Arising from Health and Medical Research
Authors: Jafari Nadoushan Ali Akbar , Rahmani Manshadi Hamid
Published: December 2023

Background: In, health in addition to promoting medical knowledge, it aims to diagnose or treat diseases. According to ethical and legal principles, the damage to the patient in the process of health research must be fully compensated.
Methods: In this research, the issued verdicts and the existing judicial procedures in legal cases in judicial and quasi-judicial authorities were analyzed in order to formulate the necessary legal theories with regard to the jurisprudential and legal basis of civil liability of researchers and scientific centers. To achieve results, it has been tried to avoid any violation of human rights without hindering the process of scientific research.
Results: The basis of this view is moral and legal commitment of society to compensate for injuries caused by research, because ultimately, it is society that benefits from the results of medical and scientific research. As a result, it is better to provide legal support for the need to insure patients in medical research and to allocate special funds for damages resulting from medical research.
Conclusion: There are drawbacks to filing a civil liability lawsuit for injuries caused by medical research; this is because it either leads to incomplete compensation or is an obstacle to medical research and medical researchers. Assuming the sole responsibility of research centers to create such liability insurance, legislators should enact comprehensive laws to resolve the existing ambiguities regarding the claim for injuries.
Embracing Motherhood: Impact of Nurse Led Fear and Apprehension Related to Labour or Childbirth Improving Intervention (FALCI) in Reducing Childbirth Fear Among Pregnant Women
Authors: Mudgal Shivangi , Shafqat Naseema , Bhardwaj Geeta , Dora Arun Kumar
Published: December 2023

Objective: Childbirth is a complex process with various dimensions including physical, psychological, emotional, social, and cultural aspects. The study intended to assess the effectiveness of Nurse led FALCI (Fear and Apprehension related to Labour or Childbirth Improving) Intervention in reducing childbirth fear among pregnant women.
Materials and methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted among 115 pregnant women (selected through purposive sampling) at antenatal OPD of tertiary care hospital of Bhopal. Data was collected using Wijma Delivery Expectancy Questionnaire (DEQ) and self-structured questionnaire on socio-demographic and clinical variables. The intervention (FALCI) was carried out in two phases, each lasting for 30 minutes conducted at week 3-4 and week 5-6 and information booklet was provided for reinforcement. The data was analysed using two-way repeated measures mixed ANOVA (within group and between groups).
Results: Findings revealed that most of the pregnant women in both experimental (68.5%) and control (90.2%) group had high level of childbirth fear. Post-intervention data revealed mean of pretest, posttest 1 and posttest 2 were 73.85, 46.94 and 37.90 in experimental group and the mean of pretest, posttest 1 and posttest 2 were 75.49, 72.59 and 72.67 in control group respectively and found that there is significant difference in childbirth fear (within group, F value=114.69, p<0.001 in experimental group and F =0.575, p=0.564 in control group) and between groups (F value= 81.52, p value <0.001). However, no significant association was found between childbirth fear and sociodemographic/clinical variables.
Conclusion: The study findings revealed that Nurse led FALCI intervention was effective in reducing childbirth fear among the pregnant women and it is recommended that such intervention must be planned at all levels and implemented as routine protocol in maternity services.
Assessing Horton and Kostiakov models focused on estimating soil water infiltration
Authors: Florentino Robert William , Coelho Gabriel Ribeiro Tito , Zilch Murilo Henrique , Martins Kelly Geronazzo , Kummer Ana Carolina Barbosa , Veiga Tatiane Bonametti
Published: December 2023

Water infiltration into the soil plays key role in proper soil and water conservation and management processes. The aim of the current study is to assess water behavior in soil infiltration processes by using the Horton and Kostiakov models. Double-ring infiltrometer method was used to determine water infiltration into the soil. In addition, soil samples were collected at depths of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm, to determine soil moisture. Cumulative infiltration (IA) and instantaneous infiltration rates per time interval (TiR) were calculated. Equations describing the investigated  phenomena were adjusted, according to the Horton and Kostiakov models. High water infiltration rate was observed at the beginning of the process, likely due to low moisture level at the top soil layer. Both models tend to underestimate the initial infiltration rate value. However, the Horton model tends to overestimate most of the instantaneous infiltration values up to 25 minutes. The Kostiakov model, on the other hand, tends to overestimate most of the instantaneous infiltration rate values after 80 minutes. Despite the large fluctuation observed in TiR values in the soil, the assessed models have satisfactorily described the infiltration behavior at the experimental site.  Based on the heat map analysis, the Kostiakov model was the one capable of determining the infiltration values closest to actual one.
mec Genes in Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Umami Zahra , Warni Asri Indahning , Wahyuni Dewi
Published: December 2023

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) manifests antibiotic resistance, especially for the β-lactams antibiotic group. MRSA bacteria are a common cause of infection in humans. The antibiotic resistance characteristic comes from the mecA, mecB, and mecC genes in the bacterial chromosome. mecA is the most common gene found in MRSA. Therefore, it is essential to know the role of the mecA gene in antibiotic resistance. This paper searched the literature about MRSA bacteria, the mec gene, and their relationship to cause resistance. The results showed that the mec gene found in MRSA bacteria causes antibiotic resistance in penicillin groups. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) manifests antibiotic resistance, especially for the β-lactams antibiotic group. MRSA bacteria are a common cause of infection in humans. The antibiotic resistance characteristic comes from the mecA, mecB, and mecC genes in the bacterial chromosome. mecA is the most common gene found in MRSA. Therefore, it is essential to know the role of the mecA gene in antibiotic resistance. This paper searched literature about MRSA bacteria, the mec gene, and their relationship to cause resistance. The results showed that the mec gene found in MRSA bacteria causes antibiotic resistance in penicillin groups.
Digipreneurship as an Effort to Strengthen The Digitalization of The Islamic Economy in Indonesia
Authors: Afif Fayiz , Nabila Dzakiyatun Nisa Nurun , Rohmah Ria Marzuqotur
Published: December 2023

The digitization of the Islamic economy in Indonesia offers opportunities to strengthen economic growth based on Islamic principles. Through the development of sharia e-commerce platforms, technology-based financial services, and sharia-based fintech innovations, this digitization facilitates easier and faster access to Islamic products and services. This research uses three theoretical approaches: digital economy theory, entrepreneurship theory, and Islamic economic theory, with the aim of understanding the contribution and impact of digipreneurship in strengthening the digitalization of the Islamic economy in Indonesia and analyzing the principles of Islamic economics that can be applied in digital business. The research method used is qualitative with a descriptive content analysis approach and phenomenological design. The results highlight the importance of digipreneurship as an effort to strengthen the digitalization of the Islamic economy in Indonesia and integrate the principles of Islamic entrepreneurship into digital businesses. Digitalization of the Islamic economy through digipreneurship opens opportunities for Muslim participation in the digital market, encourages innovation, and promotes inclusive economic growth. The integration of Islamic values and principles into the digital economy is important in the digital era in Indonesia. Digipreneurship serves as a means to harness the potential of digital technology by upholding Islamic values, so that individuals and businesses can play an important role in advancing the digitalization of the Islamic economy, driving economic growth, and creating a prosperous future.
IMPROVING STUDENTS’ MOTIVATION AND LEARNING OUTCOMES WITH SCIENTIFIC LEARNING APPROACH
Authors: Kamil Firmanilah
Published: December 2023

With the decrease in COVID-19 cases in Indonesia, learning activities are expected to return to normal in the new academic year 2022/2023. To increase the interest and motivation of civil engineering students, a student-centered approach is needed in theory-practicum learning. Scientific learning approach was implemented to increase students’ motivation and learning outcomes of Civil Engineering students after the Covid-19 Pandemic. This study is class action research conducted at Politeknik Negeri Ketapang with 29 samples. The scores of learning interest, learning motivation, and learning outcomes were analyzed by comparing student scores with the KKM (Minimum Completeness Criteria) score and making a percentage of class completeness. In cycle I, the completeness of student motivation and interest in learning was still less than 50%, so it was continued to cycle II, and at the end of cycle II, motivation and interest in learning still had not reached 50%, then the cycle was continued. At the end of cycle III, it was found that motivation and interest in learning were 68.97% and 79.31%, respectively. In addition to motivation and interest in learning, researcher also compared it with student learning outcomes in each cycle. It was found that, on average, the number of students who completed the percentage of completeness and the minimum and maximum scores for student learning outcomes also increased in each cycle. So, it can be concluded that the scientific approach can improve learning interest, learning motivation, and learning outcomes through classroom action research.
Crisis psicógenas no epilépticas: semiología en una cohorte de pacientes de una unidad de epilepsia de referencia nacional en Lima, Perú
Authors: Rodriguez-Vega Oswaldo R. , Barreto-Acevedo Elliot M.
Published: December 2023

Objetivo: Describir la semiología de crisis no epilépticas psicógenas (CNEP) en pacientes diagnosticados mediante videoelectroencefalograma (VEEG) en un centro nacional de epilepsia. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y retrospectivo que incluyó a pacientes mayores de 14 años, ingresados a monitoreo de telemetría en el Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins en Lima, Perú, entre el 1 de enero de 2017 y el 31 de diciembre de 2022, y definitivamente diagnosticados con CNEP mediante VEEG. Resultados: La mayoría de los 26 pacientes (20 mujeres y 6 varones) presentó pérdida de postura con caída (92 %), así como una instauración gradual (88 %) y cursaron con algún grado de alteración de conciencia o responsividad durante el evento (73 %). Los signos motores más prevalentes fueron movimientos asincrónicos de tronco y/o extremidades (73 %), fluctuación en la actividad motora (73 %), temblor global o en extremidades (54 %) y cierre palpebral forzado (50 %). Las manifestaciones clínicas no motoras fueron, en su mayoría, síntomas subjetivos (34 %). La mayoría (73 %) presentó CNEP motoras (73 %), en comparación con otras manifestaciones no motoras (12 %) y mixtas (15 %). Conclusiones: Los eventos clínicos descritos fueron de larga duración e instauración gradual y mostraron alteraciones de conciencia/responsividad. Los signos clínicos motores más frecuentes fueron movimientos asincrónicos de tronco y/o extremidades, fluctuación motora, temblor y cierre palpebral forzado. Los hallazgos no motores fueron, en su mayoría, síntomas subjetivos. La mayoría de los pacientes presentaron CNEP motoras.
Deterioro cognitivo post-COVID-19: definiciones, fisiopatología, clínica y tratamientos
Authors: Delgado-Martínez Omar , Solís-Gómez Raymundo , Ruíz-García Ramiro G.
Published: December 2023

Objetivo: Describir, de acuerdo con la literatura actual, las características clínico-demográficas y los tratamientos farmacológicos y no farmacológicos en los cambios cognitivos desarrollados después de la infección por el SARS-CoV-2. Material y métodos: Realizamos una búsqueda no sistemática en Medline (PubMed), con el objetivo de encontrar información sobre conceptos actualizados en definiciones clínicas, fisiopatología, características clínicas y estrategias terapéuticas, para lo cual se utilizó términos MeSH y se consideró artículos publicados desde el año 2020 sobre el deterioro cognitivo post-COVID-19. Resultados: Los factores de riesgo asociados incluyen sexo femenino, enfermedades crónicas, tabaquismo y antecedentes de hospitalización. Dentro de los dominios cognitivos más afectados se encuentran la memoria, la atención y las funciones ejecutivas. Los dominios cognitivos menos afectados son el lenguaje y las habilidades visoespaciales. Los estudios de neuroimagen han demostrado ser de utilidad para determinar correlaciones anatómicas con el deterioro cognitivo. Las terapias farmacológicas y otras estrategias no farmacológicas no cuentan con suficiente nivel de evidencia para demostrar su efectividad contra el deterioro cognitivo. La rehabilitación cognitiva y la psicoterapia pueden ayudar a mejorar el deterioro cognitivo y también algunos síntomas neuropsiquiátricos. Conclusiones: La caracterización de las definiciones y el espectro clínico-cognitivo como complicación post-COVID-19 están más estructurados en la actualidad; sin embargo, aún no se cuenta con suficiente nivel de evidencia para poder desarrollar guías de tratamiento estandarizadas para el deterioro cognitivo. El manejo interdisciplinario con rehabilitación neurocognitiva, fármacos, neuromodulación y otras terapias
Outpatient visits for psychiatric disorders in Peru: a nationwide analysis using administrative data
Authors: Guzman-Vilca Wilmer Cristobal , Sanchez-Monge Marcia , Váscones-Román Fritz Fidel , Carrillo-Larco Rodrigo M.
Published: December 2023

Objective: To quantify the frequency of psychiatric disorders in the outpatient setting in Peru, from 2018 to 2021. Methods: Observational cross-sectional study using outpatient morbidity data from Perú’s National Superintendence of Health. Psychiatric diagnoses were identified using ICD-10 codes. The frequency of major psychiatric disorder groups is described by demographic variables. Monthly trends, as well as the number of outpatient visits per 10,000 population at the subnational level, are also presented. Results: Between 2018-2021, psychiatric disorders accounted for 3,142,685 outpatient visits (2.3% of all) in Peru. Across working age groups, anxiety and depressive disorders comprised approximately 6 out of 10 psychiatric outpatient visits in women, and 4 out of 10 in men. Monthly trends showed two peaks in the absolute number of psychiatric outpatient visits during the pre-pandemic period: April-Mayand September. Provinces in the Highlands had the lowest outpatient visits per 10,000 population. Conclusions: Psychiatric disorders represent a small fraction of the outpatient visits in Peru, with anxiety and depressive disordersas the most frequent. National strategies targeting outpatients with psychiatric disorders should consider demographic differences, monthly trends, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
A review of the clinical and epidemiological aspects of Guillain-Barré syndrome in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2: An Extended Comprehensive Review
Authors: Cordero-Campos Alexander , Camones-Huerta José , Condori Quispe Leslie , Guzman Carrasco Susana , Quispe-Villegas Gustavo , Chin-Wu Karina , Vargas-Suarez Kenneth , Umeres Cáceres Hugo , Tipismana Barbarán Martín
Published: December 2023

Since 2019, cases of patients with COVID-19 who developed Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) have been reported. This review explores mechanisms that explain pathophysiology, clinical features, laboratory findings, and imaging characteristics in these patients.Methodology: A bibliographic search was made of studies on the topic published in NCBI and Scielo, between December 2019 and April 2022.Results: Ninety articles were found, 53 of which were included in this article. No studies were found that explain an association between GBS and COVID19. Specific clinical manifestations found were areflexia (56.95%), hyporeflexia (19.44%), muscle weakness (65.28%), gait disturbance (12.5%), hypoesthesia (26.39%), paresthesia (30.55%), and micturition disturbance (6.94%). The CSF findings included albumin-cytological dissociation (66.67%), and an average protein level of 140.23 mg/dL (SD: 106.71). Some cases reported enhancement of the cervical leptomeningeal, brainstem and cranial nerves on magnetic resonance imaging tests. The predominant variant of GBS was acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (56.94%). The findings in the nerve conduction studies were the absence of F waves (61.54%), increased distal motor latency (80%), decreased motor amplitude (93.1%), and decreased motor conduction velocity (75%). In addition, the nerves mainly involved were the tibial (20.21%), peroneal (24.47%), median (20.21%), and ulnar (18.09%). The most frequent alteration of cranial nerves was bilateral (25%) and unilateral (13.89%) facial palsy.Conclusion: The primary GBS variant was Acute Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed albumin-cytological dissociation as the most common finding, and MRI tests showed cranial nerves enhancements. An additional differential feature was the lower commitment of the autonomous system.
Asociación entre la funcionalidad familiar y los síntomas depresivos en estudiantes de Medicina Humana de una universidad privada
Authors: Zapata-Vilcahuamán Ever
Published: December 2023

Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación entre funcionalidad familiar global y síntomas depresivos en una muestra de estudiantes de Medicina Humana. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal en 95 estudiantes de Medicina de una universidad privada de Lima, Perú, que participaron en una encuesta virtual para la recolección de datos clínicos y sociodemográficos. El análisis descriptivo se condujo mediante frecuencias y porcentajes; y para el análisis bivariado se emplearon las pruebas U de Mann-Whitney y Kruskal-Wallis. Para el análisis de la correlación entre los puntajes de depresión y funcionalidad familiar se utilizó la prueba de Spearman, en tanto que la evaluación de factores asociados al puntaje de síntomas depresivos se efectuó con la regresión lineal múltiple. Resultados: La funcionalidad familiar global fue predictor negativo de síntomas depresivos (ß = –7,91; p = 0,002); y la frecuencia de tipos de acontecimientos vitales estresantes se constituyó en predictor positivo (ß = 5,25; p = 0,001). Conclusión: Independientemente de otros factores, los estudiantes de Medicina con mayor puntaje de funcionalidad familiar en este estudio muestran menores puntajes de síntomas depresivos.