bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
To Compare Incisional Fluid Loss During Different Stages of Phacoemulsification and its effect on Anterior Chamber Stability in Micro Coaxial and Bimanual Phacoemulsification
Authors: Sharma Dharmik , Desai Dipan , Solanki Kaushik
Published: March 2013

Purpose:

To compare incisional fluid loss during different stages of phacoemulsification and its effect on anterior chamber stability in microcoaxial and bimanual phacoemulsification.

Materials & Methods:

This prospective randomized study comprised of 80 consecutive patients, 40 patients in each group having routine uneventful cataract surgery. All patients were operated on the same phaco machine by the same surgeon. Intra-operative parameters were constant for all patients in each group. Volume of incisional fluid leak was measured during different stages of phacoemulsification. Along with volume of fluid aspirated in cassette, total volume of balance salt solution used, frequency of visually significant surges during different stages of phacoemulsification and post-operative best corrected visual acuity & central corneal thickness were measured in microcoaxial and bimanual phacoemulsification.

Results:

The mean percentage of incisional fluid leak during nucleus removal in microcoaxial phacoemulsification was 21.22±6.07% and was 24.73±5.06% in bimanual phacoemulsification (P value: 0.006). The mean percentage of incisional fluid leak during irrigation/aspiration/polishing in microcoaxial phacoemulsification was 38.60±7.22% and was 57.70±6.59% in bimanual phacoemulsification (p value: < 0.0001). Average frequency of visually significant anterior chamber surges in microcoaxial phacoemulsification was 6 and was 36 in bimanual phacoemulsification. Postoperative mean increase in central corneal thickness (CCT) in microcoaxial phacoemulsification was 4.93±3.11 on Day 1 and was 0.70±1.11 on Day 7 and in bimanual phacoemulsification it was 9.55±4.77 on Day 1 and 1.55±1.72 on Day 7 (P value, Day 1: <0.0001 & Day 7: 0.01).

Conclusion:

Significant increase in incisional fluid loss was observed in bimanual phacoemulsification. This led to more surges during surgery along with increase in central corneal thickness in immediate postoperative period. This suggests that microcoaxial phacoemulsification has better fluidics and anterior chamber stability.
A Rare Case Report of Cyst of Wolfring
Authors: Kumar Sanjiv , Jhalani Rishi , Bansal Rani , Malik VK , Malik KPS
Published: March 2013

Ductal cysts of the accessory lacrimal glands of Wolfring and Krause are uncommon and are rarely reported in the ophthalmic literature. We report a rare case of cyst arising from accessory lacrimal gland of Wolfring in a young male boy. A 17 year old male patient came with painless bulging mass under conjunctiva of lower fornix near medial canthus of right eye. It was gradually increasing since one year. Magnetic resonance Imaging (MRI) scan revealed 20×20×14 mm well defined smooth walled cyst. Cyst was removed under general anaesthesia through conjunctival route. Histopathological examination was consistent with cyst arising from accessory lacrimal gland of Wolfring.
Eco Friendly Nitration of Toluene using Modified Zirconia
Authors: Sunaja Devi K. R. , Jayashree S.
Published: March 2013

Nitration of toluene has been studied in the liquid phase over a series of modified zirconia catalysts.  Zirconia, zirconia- ceria (Zr0.98Ce0.02)O2, sulfated zirconia and sulfated zirconia- ceria were synthesised by co precipitation method and were characterised by X-ray diffraction, BET surface area, Infra red spectroscopy analysis (FTIR), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X ray analysis (EDAX). The acidity of the prepared catalysts was determined by FTIR pyridine adsorption study. X-ray diffraction studies reveal that the catalysts prepared mainly consist of tetragonal phase with the crystallite size in the nano range and the tetragonal phase of zirconia is stabilized by the addition of ceria. The modified zirconia samples have higher surface area and exhibits uniform pore size distribution aggregated by zirconia nanoparticles. The onset of sulfate decomposition was observed around 723 K for sulfated samples. The catalytic performance was determined for the liquid phase nitration of toluene to ortho-, meta- and para- nitro toluene. The effect of reaction temperature, concentration of nitric acid, catalyst reusability and reaction time was also investigated. © 2013 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)
A Broadband Negative Index Metamaterial at Optical Frequencies
Authors: Atre Ashwin C. , García‐Etxarri Aitzol , Alaeian Hadiseh , Dionne Jennifer A.
Published: March 2013

A broadband metamaterial presenting negative indices across hundreds of nanometers in the visible and near‐infrared spectral regimes is demonstrated theoretically, using transformation optics to design the metamaterial constituents. The approach begins with an infinite plasmonic waveguide that supports a broadband but dark (i.e, not easily optically accessed) negative index mode. Conformal mapping of this waveguide to a finite split‐ring‐resonator‐type structure transforms this mode into a bright (i.e, efficiently excited) resonance composed of degenerate electric and magnetic dipoles. A periodic array of such resonators exhibits negative refractive indices at optical frequencies in multiple regions exceeding 200 nm in bandwidth. The metamaterial response is confirmed through simulations of plane‐wave refraction through a metamaterial prism. These results illustrate the power of transformation optics for new metamaterial designs and provide a foundation for future broadband metamaterial devices.
Efficient Polymer Solar Cells on Opaque Substrates with a Laminated PEDOT:PSS Top Electrode
Authors: Gupta Dhritiman , Wienk Martijn M. , Janssen René A. J.
Published: March 2013

Solution processed polymer:fullerene solar cells on opaque substrates have been fabricated in conventional and inverted device configurations. Opaque substrates, such as insulated steel and metal covered glass, require a transparent conducting top electrode. We demonstrate that a high conducting (900 S cm−1) PEDOT:PSS layer, deposited by a stamp‐transfer lamination technique using a PDMS stamp, in combination with an Ag grid electrode provides a proficient and versatile transparent top contact. Lamination of large size PEDOT:PSS films has been achieved on variety of surfaces resulting in ITO‐free solar cells. Power conversion efficiencies of 2.1% and 3.1% have been achieved for P3HT:PCBM layers in inverted and conventional polarity configurations, respectively. The power conversion efficiency is similar to conventional glass/ITO‐based solar cells. The high fill factor (65%) and the unaffected open‐circuit voltage that are consistently obtained in thick active layer inverted geometry devices, demonstrate that the laminated PEDOT:PSS top electrodes provide no significant potential or resistive losses.
Discordance in HER2 gene amplification in circulating and disseminated tumor cells in patients with operable breast cancer
Authors: Krishnamurthy Savitri , Bischoff Farideh , Ann Mayer Julie , Wong Karina , Pham Tam , Kuerer Henry , Lodhi Ashutosh , Bhattacharyya Anirban , Hall Carolyn , Lucci Anthony
Published: March 2013

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) gene amplification in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) might be useful for modifying Herceptin therapy in breast cancer. In the process of investigating the utility of a microfluidic platform for detecting HER2 gene amplification in these cells, we observed novel results on discordance of HER2 status. Peripheral blood (8.5 mL) and bone marrow (BM) (7.5–10 mL) were collected prospectively from patients with clinical stages I–IV breast cancer. Mononuclear cells were recovered, stained with cytokeratin (CK), CD45, and DAPI, and processed through microfluidic channels for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). A ratio of HER2:CEP17 >2 in any CK+/CD45 or CK−/CD45 cell was regarded as positive for HER2 gene amplification. Peripheral blood from 95 patients and BM from 78 patients were studied. We found CK+/CD45−/DAPI+ CTCs in 27.3% of patients. We evaluated HER2 gene amplification by FISH in 88 blood and 78 BM specimens and found HER2+ CTCs in 1 of 9 (11.1%) and HER2+ DTCs (27.2%) in 3 of 11 patients with HER2+ primary tumor. Among patients with a HER2− primary tumor, 5 of 79 had HER2+ CTCs (6.3%) and 14 of 67 had HER2+ DTCs (20.8%). The overall rate of discordance in HER2 status was 15% between primary tumor and CTCs and 28.2% between primary tumor and DTCs. HER2 was amplified in CTCs and DTCs in a portion of both HER2+ and HER2− primary tumors. HER2 discordance was more frequent for DTCs. The clinical implications of evaluating HER2 status in CTCs and DTCs in breast cancer needs to be established in prospective clinical trials. The cell enrichment and extraction microfluidic technology provides a sensitive platform for evaluation of HER2 gene amplification in CTCs and DTCs.
Influence of the Precipitation Method on Acid–Base‐Catalyzed Reactions over Mg–Zr Mixed Oxides
Authors: Kozlowski Joseph T. , Behrens Malte , Schlögl Robert , Davis Robert J.
Published: March 2013

To examine the promotional effect that zirconia has on magnesia in catalysis, mixed oxides were prepared by coprecipitation under controlled‐pH conditions or rising‐pH conditions. The resulting mixed oxides were characterized by using NH3 and CO2 adsorption microcalorimetry, X‐ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The samples were also tested as catalysts for transesterification of tributyrin with methanol, coupling of acetone, and conversion of ethanol to ethene, ethanal, and butanol. Zirconia promoted the activity of MgO for both transesterification and acetone coupling reactions, presumably by exposing new acid–base pairs at the surface. During ethanol conversion, however, zirconia promoted the dehydration reactions. Characterization and reactivity results suggest that a Mg‐Zr sample prepared by controlled‐pH precipitation exposes more ZrO2 than a sample prepared by the rising‐pH method.
Lipase‐Catalyzed Stereoselective Cross‐Aldol Reaction Promoted by Water
Authors: Xie Zong‐Bo , Wang Na , Zhou Long‐Hua , Wan Fang , He Ting , Le Zhang‐Gao , Yu Xiao‐Qi
Published: March 2013

PPL, lipase from porcine pancreas, is first reported to catalyze direct asymmetric aldol reactions between aromatic aldehydes and cyclic ketones. More importantly, the catalytic activity of PPL was greatly promoted by a small quantity of water at 37 °C. A wide range of aromatic aldehydes reacted with cyclic ketones to provide the corresponding aldol products with high yields (up to 99 %) and moderate to good stereoselectivity (up to 90 % ee and 99:1 dr).
Effects of Distribution Channel Dimensions on Flow Distribution and Pressure Drop in a Plate‐Fin Heat Exchanger
Authors: Wang W. , Zhang S. , Yang J. , Zheng J. , Ding X. , Chou M. , Tang P. , Zhan X.
Published: March 2013

A numerical investigation on flow distribution and pressure drop characteristics in a plate‐fin heat exchanger is presented. Influences from length and width of the distribution channel were particularly investigated. Flow distribution in the studied model was improved by increasing the length or reducing the width of the distribution channel, but at the cost of an increased pressure drop. The relationship of flow distribution and pressure drop was analyzed by the porous medium approach. A dynamic balance phenomenon was observed and further studied. Based on the results, a novel strategy for the attainment of flow uniformity, which causes negligible pressure drop variation, was proposed. Finally, a performance effectiveness factor was developed for predicting the effect of the proposed strategy on the performance of plate‐fin heat exchangers.
Achieving Vinylic Selectivity in Mizoroki–Heck Reaction of Cyclic Olefins
Authors: Wu Xiaojin , Lu Yunpeng , Hirao Hajime , Zhou Jianrong (Steve)
Published: March 2013

In Heck reactions of cyclic olefins, the products usually have aryl groups that end up at the allylic and/or homoallylic position. We herein report new selectivity that adds aryl groups to the vinylic position. Cyclic olefins of various ring size worked well. The desired isomers were produced by palladium–hydride‐catalyzed isomerization of the initial products. Thus, a specific catalyst must be used so that it can perform two jobs under one set of reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Luminescent Study of Ce3+‐Doped Terbium‐Yttrium Aluminum Garnet.
Authors: Dotsenko V. P. , Berezovskaya I. V. , Zubar E. V. , Efryushina N. P. , Poletaev N. I. , Doroshenko Yu. A. , Stryganyuk G. B. , Voloshinovskii A. S.
Published: March 2013

Polycrystalline samples of (Tb0.8Y0.2)3 (1‐x)Ce3xAl5O12 (x = 0—0.03) are prepared by solid state reaction of Al2O3 and mixed rare earth oxides (Tb,Y)4O7:Ce (about 1300 °C, 3—5 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Luminescent Properties of a New Phosphor, La2CaB8O16: RE3+ (RE: Eu, Tb).
Authors: Guo Rui , Tang Songling , Zheng Feng , Yang Zhenyu , Tan Dunqiang
Published: March 2013

The new title phosphors are synthesized by solid state reaction of Eu2O3 or Tb4O7, La2O3, CaCO3, and H3BO3 (500 °C for 10 h and 920 °C for 48 h).
ChemInform Abstract: The α—β Phase Boundary of Elemental Boron
Authors: Ogitsu Tadashi , Schwegler Eric
Published: March 2013

theoretical study
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Broensted Acid‐Catalyzed Nazarov Cyclization of Acyclic α‐Alkoxy Dienones.
Authors: Raja Sadiya , Ieawsuwan Winai , Korotkov Vadim , Rueping Magnus
Published: March 2013

A new Broensted acid‐catalyzed asymmetric Nazarov cyclization to afford optically active cyclopentenones (II) in excellent enantiomeric excess is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Synthesis of Pyrazole Triflones Based on Triflyl Alkyne Cycloadditions.
Authors: Kawai Hiroyuki , Yuan Zhe , Tokunaga Etsuko , Shibata Norio
Published: March 2013

In the presence of iPr2NEt, triflyl alkynes undergo efficient and regioselective coupling with hydrazonoyl chlorides to afford pyrazoles of type (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of trans‐Disubstituted Alkenes by Cobalt‐Catalyzed Reductive Coupling of Terminal Alkynes with Activated Alkenes.
Authors: Mannathan Subramaniyan , Cheng Chien‐Hong
Published: March 2013

In the presence of suitable ligands the reaction allows a mild, convenient, and highly selective access to a number of trans‐disubstituted alkenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Modular Bifunctional Chiral Thioureas as Versatile Organocatalysts for Highly Enantioselective Aza‐Henry Reaction and Michael Addition.
Authors: Li Hua , Zhang Xu , Shi Xin , Ji Nan , He Wei , Zhang Shengyong , Zhang Bangle
Published: March 2013

Various catalyst components are prepared from natural Cinchona alkaloids and amino acids and tested for their efficiency.
ChemInform Abstract: A Polymer‐Supported Chiral Fluorinated Dirhodium(II) Complex for Asymmetric Amination of Silyl Enol Ethers.
Authors: Oohara Tadashi , Nambu Hisanori , Anada Masahiro , Takeda Koji , Hashimoto Shunichi
Published: March 2013

Preliminary studies concerning the application of title catalyst (I) are presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Conformationally Rigid Chiral Pyridine N‐Oxides as Organocatalyst: Asymmetric Allylation of Aldehydes.
Authors: Gnanamani Elumalai , Someshwar Nagamalla , Ramanathan Chinnasamy Ramaraj
Published: March 2013

Among various derivatives tested, N‐oxide (I) is found to be optimal for the process which is applied to a wide range of aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: A Versatile Ruthenium(II)‐NNC Complex Catalyst for Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones and Oppenauer‐Type Oxidation of Alcohols.
Authors: Du Wangming , Wang Liandi , Wu Ping , Yu Zhengkun
Published: March 2013

The Ru complex (RUC) bearing an unsymmetrical NNC ligand is found to be a highly efficient catalyst for the transfer hydrogenation of ketones and the Oppenauer‐type oxidation of secondary alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free 2,2,6,6‐Tetramethylpiperidin‐1‐yloxy Radical (TEMPO) Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation of Hydroxylamines and Alkoxyamines to Oximes and Oxime Ethers.
Authors: Wertz Sebastian , Studer Armido
Published: March 2013

TEMPO‐mediated oxidation of hydroxylamines and alkoxyamines to the corresponding oxime derivatives is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Copper(I)‐Catalyzed C—H Hydroxylation/C—S Coupling: Expedient Construction of 2‐(Styrylthio)phenols.
Authors: Xu Run‐Sheng , Yue Lei , Pan Yuan‐Jiang
Published: March 2013

A simple, mild, and efficient method for the title reaction is developed by using an inexpensive catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Immobilized Palladium Nanoparticles on Silica—Starch Substrate (PNP—SSS): As a Stable and Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst for Synthesis of p‐Teraryls Using Suzuki Reaction.
Authors: Khalafi‐Nezhad Ali , Panahi Farhad
Published: March 2013

A variety of para‐, meta‐ and ortho‐teraryls is prepared in high yields under aqueous conditions from the corresponding benzene diiodides, dichlorides and dibromides.
ChemInform Abstract: Four Tandem C—H Activations: A Sequential C—C and C—O Bond Making via a Pd‐Catalyzed Cross Dehydrogenative Coupling (CDC) Approach.
Authors: Guin Srimanta , Rout Saroj Kumar , Banerjee Arghya , Nandi Shyamapada , Patel Bhisma K.
Published: March 2013

Treatment of activated benzenes with methylarenes in the presence of tBuOOH and Pd(OAc)2 is found to provide a new, unprecedented method to prepare ortho‐functionalized diaryl ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: I2—CF3SO3H Synergistic Promoted sp3 C—H Bond Diarylation of Aromatic Ketones.
Authors: Zhu Yan‐ping , Jia Feng‐cheng , Liu Mei‐cai , Wu Liu‐ming , Cai Qun , Gao Yang , Wu An‐xin
Published: March 2013

I2/TfOH‐Mediated treatment of aryl methyl ketones with some electron‐rich arenes such as N,N‐dialkylanilines and N‐substituted pyrroles allows an efficient access to 1,2,2‐triarylethanones.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Michael Addition of 2‐Oxindole‐3‐carboxylate Esters to Nitroolefins Promoted by Cinchona Alkaloid Thiourea—Broensted Acid Cocatalysts.
Authors: Chen Xianjie , Zhu Wei , Qian Wangke , Feng Enguang , Zhou Yu , Wang Jinfang , Jiang Hualiang , Yao Zhu‐Jun , Liu Hong
Published: March 2013

The reaction proceeds with moderate dia‐ and high enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Base‐Mediated Carboxylation of Unprotected Indole Derivatives with Carbon Dioxide.
Authors: Yoo Woo‐Jin , Capdevila Montse Guiteras , Du Xiangwei , Kobayashi Shu
Published: March 2013

A new, general, and straightforward method to prepare 3‐carboxylated indoles and related compounds is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of N‐Alkyl‐2,7‐dihalocarbazoles by Simultaneous Carbazole Ring Closure and N‐Alkylation.
Authors: Vyprachticky Drahomir , Kminek Ivan , Pokorna Veronika , Cimrova Vera
Published: March 2013

A new and simple synthesis of the title compounds is developed by using a mixture of 4‐nitrotoluene and trialkyl phosphite as N‐alkylating agent.
ChemInform Abstract: A Manifold Three‐Step Synthetic Route to Polycyclic Annulated Hydantoins via Cyclic Imines.
Authors: Brockmeyer Fabian , Kroeger Denis , Stalling Timo , Ullrich Pasqual , Martens Juergen
Published: March 2013

In the first step, cyclic imines (III) and (X) are prepared which are suitable substrates for subsequent three‐component Ugi reactions to afford bisamides (VI) and (XII), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterocyclyl Linked Anilines and Benzaldehydes as Precursors for Biologically Significant New Chemical Entities.
Authors: Verma Raman K. , Kumar Vijay , Ghosh Prithwish , Wadhwa Lalit K.
Published: March 2013

The syntheses of benzaldehydes and anilines linked at the para‐position with an alkoxy ether linkage to heterocycles such as benzimidazole, indole, and acridone are reported.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Tandem Synthesis of 2‐Arylbenzoxazole Derivatives via Copper‐Catalyzed C—N and C—O Bond Formation.
Authors: Kavala Veerababurao , Janreddy Donala , Raihan Mustafa J. , Kuo Chun‐Wei , Ramesh Chintakunta , Yao Ching‐Fa
Published: March 2013

A variety of benzoxazole derivatives is available from 2‐(2‐iodophenyl)iodobenzamides and nitrogen nucleophiles such as primary and secondary amines or carboxylic amides and heterocycles.
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemically Induced Silylacylations of Alkynes with Acylsilanes.
Authors: Zhang Hui‐Jun , Becker Peter , Huang He , Pirwedjan Ramona , Pan Fang‐Fang , Bolm Carsten
Published: March 2013

Intramolecular reactions proceed with stereoselective formation of new C—C and C—Si bonds to afford chromone derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Diastereoselective [2 + 2 + 2]‐Cycloaddition of 1,7‐Enynes with Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Huple Deepak B. , Liu Rai‐Shung
Published: March 2013

A series of tricyclic derivatives is prepared by cycloaddition reaction of enynes (I) with aldehydes and ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Reversible Alkylation of Dimedone with Aldehyde: A Neglected Way for Maximizing Selectivity of Three‐Component Reactions of Dimedone and an Aldehyde.
Authors: Li Minghao , Gu Yanlong
Published: March 2013

Three‐component reactions of the salicyl aldehydes with dimedones and carbon nucleophiles as indoles, pyrazoles or naphthols require FeCl3 and PPh3 as catalysts and proceed via formation, breaking and regeneration of the C—C bonds.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of Novel 9H‐Xanthen‐9‐yl Derivatives of Bidentate Heterocyclic Nucleophiles by Fe(HSO4)3 as a Catalyst.
Authors: Eshghi Hossein , Bakavoli Mehdi , Abedini‐Torghabeh Javad , Rahimizadeh Mohammad
Published: March 2013

A simple protocol is presented for the hydrogensulfate catalyzed direct substitution of 9H‐xanthen‐9‐ol with heterocyclic amines, hydrazines, and hydrazine carboxamides to give the corresponding 9‐nitrogen substituted derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Cooperative Heterogeneous Organocatalysis and Homogeneous Metal Catalysis for the One‐Pot Regioselective Synthesis of 2‐Pyridones.
Authors: Allais Christophe , Basle Olivier , Grassot Jean‐Marie , Fontaine Maxime , Anguille Stephane , Rodriguez Jean , Constantieux Thierry
Published: March 2013

An unprecedented formal [3 + 3]‐cyclodehydration approach leads to the synthesis of N‐alkyl and N‐arylsubstituted 2‐pyridones from β‐ketoamides and primary or secondary propargylic alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Acid Catalyzed Conjugate Addition of sp3 C—H Bonds to Methylenemalononitriles.
Authors: Qian Bo , Shi Dengjian , Yang Lei , Huang Hanmin
Published: March 2013

The addition reaction with various 2‐alkylazaarenes leads to heterocycle‐containing dinitrile systems, which are useful building blocks for medicinal compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Regioselective Synthesis of Polysubstituted Tetrahydroquinolines by an Iodine‐Induced Tandem Cyclization Reaction from Propargylic Alcohols and Amines.
Authors: Ye Yu‐Ying , Zhao Lian‐Biao , Zhao Shu‐Chun , Yang Fang , Liu Xue‐Yuan , Liang Yong‐Min
Published: March 2013

A versatile, convenient, and environmentally friendly protocol for the synthesis of substituted tetrahydroquinolines is presented (21 examples).
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective, NHC‐Catalyzed Annulations of Trisubstituted Enals and Cyclic N‐Sulfonylimines via α,β‐Unsaturated Acyl Azoliums.
Authors: Kravina Alberto G. , Mahatthananchai Jessada , Bode Jeffrey W.
Published: March 2013

The presented studies extend the scope of highly enantioselective NHC‐catalyzed reactions and offer, for the first time, the opportunity for highly enantio‐ and diastereoselective annulations of α‐ and β,β′‐substituted enals.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Three‐Component Reactions for the Synthesis of Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines.
Authors: Palani Thiruvengadam , Park Kyungho , Kumar Manian Rajesh , Jung Hyun Ming , Lee Sunwoo
Published: March 2013

Title compounds are synthesized by the present new three‐component coupling reaction of aminopyridines, alkynecarboxylic acids, and aldehydes (II) in the presence of CuI/Cu(OTf)2.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Three‐Component, One‐Pot Synthesis of 2‐Alkylthio‐4‐amino‐5‐cyano‐6‐aryl(alkyl)pyrimidines in Water.
Authors: Li Qiao‐Yan , Ge Ze‐Mei , Cheng Tie‐Ming , Li Run‐Tao
Published: March 2013

A series of functionalized pyrimidine derivatives is synthesized via the present new three‐component, one‐pot reaction of aldehydes, malononitrile and S‐alkylisothiouronium salts in water.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Ionic Liquid Supported‐Multicomponent Reaction Toward Chimeric Bis‐heterocycles.
Authors: Chen Chih‐Hau , Chen Chan‐Yu , Lin Po‐Tsung , Sun Chung‐Ming
Published: March 2013

The present new reaction between aminobenzoimidazoles, aldehydes, and electron‐deficient dienophiles employs aminobenzoimidazoles which are immobilized on an ionic liquid support.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalyst Free Synthesis of Fused Pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidines and Pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridines in Water.
Authors: Rahmati Abbas , Khalesi Zahra
Published: March 2013

One‐pot three‐component condensations of heterocyclic amines (I) or (V) with benzoyl acetonitrile and aromatic aldehydes give pyridopyrimidines (IV), and pyrazolopyridines (VI), resp., in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Domino Aziridine Ring Opening and Buchwald—Hartwig Type Coupling‐Cyclization by Palladium Catalyst.
Authors: Rao R. Koteshwar , Karthikeyan I. , Sekar Govindasamy
Published: March 2013

This method gives 1,4‐benzoxazine derivatives in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Organotrifluoroborate Salts: Precipitation‐Driven Equilibrium under Non‐Etching Condition.
Authors: Lennox Alastair J. J. , Lloyd‐Jones Guy C.
Published: March 2013

A new, scalable, and effective procedure for the synthesis of the title salts in high purity is developed with a very simple isolation.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold Nanoparticles‐Catalyzed Activation of 1,2‐Disilanes: Hydrolysis, Silyl Protection of Alcohols and Reduction of tert‐Benzylic Alcohols.
Authors: Gryparis Charis , Stratakis Manolis
Published: March 2013

The hydrolysis of disilanes (I) in the presence of a gold catalyst gives rise to disiloxane (II) and/or silanols (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Study and Synthesis of Biologically Active Phenothiazines, Their Sulfones, and Ribofuranosides.
Authors: Khandelwal Nishidha , Yadav Abhilasha , Gautam Naveen , Gautam D. C.
Published: March 2013

New 10H‐phenothiazines (II) are synthesized using the Smiles rearrangement and converted into corresponding sulfones (V) and ribofuranosides (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanism of Oxidation of Bivalent F Elements in Deaerated Aqueous and Organic Solutions
Authors: Shilov V. P. , Gogolev A. V. , Fedoseev A. M.
Published: March 2013

Review: 19 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Silica and Silica‐Titania Sol‐Gel Materials: Synthesis and Analytical Application
Authors: Morosanova Elena I.
Published: March 2013

Review: 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Surface States in High Polarization Materials
Authors: Wu Ning , Dowben Peter A.
Published: March 2013

Review: 110 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Chemistry of Heterometallacycles of Group 4 Metallocenes
Authors: Beweries Torsten , Haehnel Martin , Rosenthal Uwe
Published: March 2013

Review: 90 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Carbon—Carbon Bond Formation Using Cycloisomerization Reactions
Authors: Watson Iain D. G. , Toste F. Dean
Published: March 2013

Review: 133 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chirality Transfer and Memory of Chirality in Gold‐Catalyzed Reactions
Authors: Patil Nitin T.
Published: March 2013

Review: 38 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Trends in Cys‐ and Ser/Thr‐Based Synthetic Strategies for the Elaboration of Peptide Constructs
Authors: Monbaliu Jean‐Christophe M. , Katritzky Alan R.
Published: March 2013

Review: 238 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave Heating in Organic Synthesis and Drug Discovery
Authors: Liu Hong , Zhang Lei
Published: March 2013

Review: 48 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Understanding the Role of the Metal Catalyst in Carbon Nanotube Growth: Toward Chiral‐Selective Growth of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Chiang Wei‐Hung , Sankaran R. Mohan
Published: March 2013

Review: 129 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Development of Gold Catalysts for Use in Hydrogenation Reactions
Authors: Cardenas‐Lizana Fernando , Keane Mark A.
Published: March 2013

Review: 333 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot/Sequential Native Chemical Ligation Using N‐Sulfanylethylanilide Peptide
Authors: Otaka Akira , Sato Kohei , Ding Hao , Shigenaga Akira
Published: March 2013

Review: 120 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Chemical Reactivity of 2‐Chromanols
Authors: Mattalia Jean‐Marc R. , Attolini Mireille M.
Published: March 2013

Review: 103 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkynes and Azides: Not Just for Click Reactions
Authors: Hyatt I. F. Dempsey , Meza‐Avina Maria Elena , Croatt Mitchell P.
Published: March 2013

Review: ca. 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bacterial β‐Aminopeptidases: Structural Insights and Applications for Biocatalysis
Authors: Heck Tobias , Geueke Birgit , Kohler Hans‐Peter E.
Published: March 2013

Review: ca. 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Red Fluorescent Proteins: Advanced Imaging Applications and Future Design.
Authors: Shcherbakova Daria M. , Subach Oksana M. , Verkhusha Vladislav V.
Published: March 2013

Review: ca. 150 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Potential of Levitated Drops to Serve as Microreactors for Biophysical Measurements
Authors: Scheeline Alexander , Behrens Rachel L.
Published: March 2013

Review: 194 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemical Approach to Proton‐Coupled Electron Transfers: Recent Advances
Authors: Saveant Jean‐Michel
Published: March 2013

Review: 63 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Surface Treatment of Polymeric Materials Controlling the Adhesion of Biomolecules
Authors: Poncin‐Epaillard Fabienne , Vrlinic Tjasa , Debarnot Dominique , Mozetic Miran , Coudreuse Arnaud , Legeay Gilbert , El Moualij Benaissa , Zorzi Willy
Published: March 2013

Review: 83 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Dimension in Separation Science: Comprehensive Two‐Dimensional Gas Chromatography
Authors: Meinert Cornelia , Meierhenrich Uwe J.
Published: March 2013

Review: ca. 150 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: SERS Detection of Small Inorganic Molecules and Ions
Authors: Alvarez‐Puebla Ramon A. , Liz‐Marzan Luis M.
Published: March 2013

Review: ca. 100 refs.
Energies and Spin States of FeS0/−, FeS20/−, Fe2S20/−, Fe3S40/−, and Fe4S40/− Clusters
Authors: Li Yan‐Ni , Wang Shengguang , Wang Tao , Gao Rui , Geng Chun‐Yu , Li Yong‐Wang , Wang Jianguo , Jiao Haijun
Published: March 2013

The structures and energies of the electronic ground states of the FeS0/−, FeS20/−, Fe2S20/−, Fe3S40/−, and Fe4S40/− neutral and anionic clusters have been computed systematically with nine computational methods in combination with seven basis sets. The computed adiabatic electronic affinities (AEA) have been compared with available experimental data. Most reasonable agreements between theory and experiment have been found for both hybrid B3LYP and B3PW91 functionals in conjugation with 6‐311+G* and QZVP basis sets. Detailed comparisons between the available experimental and computed AEA data at the B3LYP/6‐311+G* level identified the electronic ground state of 5Δ for FeS, 4Δ for FeS−, 5B2 for FeS2, 6A1 for FeS2−, 1A1 for Fe2S2, 8A′ for Fe2S2−, 5A′′ for Fe3S4, 6A′′ for Fe3S4−, 1A1 for Fe4S4, and 1A2 for Fe4S4−. In addition, Fe2S2, Fe3S4, Fe3S4−, Fe4S4, and Fe4S4− are antiferromagnetic at the B3LYP/6‐311+G* level. The magnetic properties are discussed on the basis of natural bond orbital analysis.
Stochastic modeling of signal propagation in power‐line communication networks
Authors: Sabolić Dubravko , Car Željka
Published: March 2013

Signal propagation through power‐line networks has been studied by a number of researchers. Among a number of propagation models described in literature, deterministic models based on actual physical description of the network can be constructed as both very accurate and very efficient in computational terms. Yet they have an inherent drawback of being suitable for propagation analyses in static conditions and steady state only. Thus, our main research problem was how to extend a deterministic frequency‐domain‐based propagation model for a more practically useful modeling of channels of multi‐port power‐line communication networks. We have concentrated on a particular model that we presented in an earlier literature. Our main findings are as follows: Computationally efficient deterministic models can be utilized for stochastic simulations in multi‐port power‐line network environments by repeating the propagation simulation routine virtually as many times as needed, to model the network parameter variability by appropriate stochastic modeling of termination impedances connected to each of the multiple network ports. In this way, an extended set of physical properties of the channel can be simulated and statistically analyzed, such as the complex transfer function, impulse response, delay spread, and group delay. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diversity and conservation of CELF1 and CELF2 RNA and protein expression patterns during embryonic development
Authors: Blech‐Hermoni Y. , Stillwagon S.J. , Ladd A.N.
Published: March 2013

Introduction: CUG‐BP, Elav‐like family member 1 (CELF1) and CELF2 are RNA‐binding proteins that regulate several stages of RNA processing, and are broadly expressed in developing and adult tissues. In this study, we investigated the expression patterns of CELF1 and CELF2 transcripts and proteins in different tissues, stages of development, and organisms. Results: We found that CELF1 and CELF2 protein levels are regulated independently of transcript levels during heart development, and these proteins exhibit nuclear and cytoplasmic isoforms in the embryonic heart. We found that the subcellular distribution of CELF1 differs between heart, liver, nervous system, and eye, and identified tissue‐specific isoforms of both CELF1 and CELF2 in these tissues. CELF1 and CELF2 are largely co‐expressed, but are found in mutually exclusive territories in several organs, including the heart and eye. Finally, we show that the expression patterns observed in embryonic chicken were mostly recapitulated in the developing mouse, suggesting that the roles of these proteins in the tissues and cells of the developing embryo are conserved as well. Conclusions: CELF1 and CELF2 may underlie conserved, developmentally regulated, tissue‐specific processes in vertebrate embryos. Different tissues likely have unique profiles of nuclear and cytoplasmic CELF1‐ and CELF2‐mediated functions. Developmental Dynamics 242:767–777, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Structure of a mosaic hybrid zone between the field cricketsGryllus firmusandG. pennsylvanicus
Authors: Larson Erica L. , Guilherme Becker C. , Bondra Eliana R. , Harrison Richard G.
Published: March 2013

Hybrid zones provide insight into the nature of species boundaries and the evolution of barriers to gene exchange. Characterizing multiple regions within hybrid zones is essential for understanding both their history and current dynamics. Here, we describe a previously uncharacterized region of a well‐studied hybrid zone between two species of field crickets,Gryllus pennsylvanicusandG. firmus. We use a combination of mitochondrialDNAsequencing, morphological data, and modeling of environmental variables to identify the ecological factors structuring the hybrid zone and define patterns of hybridization and introgression. We find an association between species distribution and natural habitat;Gryllus pennsylvanicusoccupies natural habitat along forest edges and natural clearings, whereasG. firmusoccupies more disturbed areas in agricultural and suburban environments. Hybridization and introgression occur across patch boundaries; there is evidence of substantial admixture both in morphological characters and mtDNA, over a broad geographic area. Nonetheless, the distribution of morphological types is bimodal. Given that F1hybrids are viable and fertile in the lab, this suggests that strong pre‐zygotic barriers are operating in this portion of the hybrid zone.
Coral population trajectories, increased disturbance and management intervention: a sensitivity analysis
Authors: Riegl Bernhard , Berumen Michael , Bruckner Andrew
Published: March 2013

Coral reefs distant from human population were sampled in the Red Sea and one‐third showed degradation by predator outbreaks (crown‐of‐thorns‐starfish = COTS observed in all regions in all years) or bleaching (1998, 2010). Models were built to assess future trajectories. They assumed variable coral types (slow/fast growing), disturbance frequencies (5,10,20 years), mortality (equal or not), and connectivity (un/connected to un/disturbed community). Known disturbances were used to parameterize models. Present and future disturbances were estimated from remote‐sensing chlorophyll and temperature data. Simulations and sensitivity analysis suggest community resilience at >20‐year disturbance frequency, but degradation at higher frequency. Trajectories move from fast‐grower to slow‐grower dominance at intermediate disturbance frequency, then again to fast‐grower dominance. A similar succession was observed in the field: Acropora to Porites to Stylophora/Pocillopora dominance on shallow reefs, and a transition from large poritids to small faviids on deep reefs. Synthesis and application: Even distant reefs are impacted by global changes. COTS impacts and bleaching were key driver of coral degradation, coral population decline could be reduced if these outbreaks and bleaching susceptibility were managed by maintaining water quality and by other interventions. Just leaving reefs alone, seems no longer a satisfactory option.
Emulsifier and antioxidant properties of by‐products obtained by enzymatic degumming of soybean oil
Authors: Cabezas Dario M. , Diehl Bernd W. K. , Tomás Mabel C.
Published: March 2013

The enzymes used in degumming, called phospholipases, specifically act on phospholipids without degrading the oil itself. Degumming using a phospholipase C enzyme allows to meet all market specifications while it increases the oil yield. The aim of this study was to evaluate antioxidant and emulsifier properties of the recovered gum (RG) obtained by enzymatic oil degumming process of crude soybean oil subjected to modifications as deoiling (RG deoiled) or ethanol fractionation (RG soluble and insoluble). RG soluble allowed obtaining more stable oil‐in‐water emulsions (30:70 w/w) in comparison with those by‐products assayed at different concentrations (0.1–1.0%). Also, deoiled soybean lecithin (DSL) and RG deoiled had a similar behavior in relation to the kinetic destabilization (% backscattering profiles), despite the different degumming processes used to obtain these samples. The study on induction times (Metrohm Rancimat) showed a significant antioxidant effect (p<0.05) against a refined sunflower oil associated with all the by‐products analyzed. However, RG soluble and DSL showed a strong effect on the oil stability at high concentrations (1000–2000 ppm). These results showed that the deoiled recovered gum and its derivates obtained by ethanol fractionation are a potential alternative for industrial application as additive.

Practical applications: The economic benefits of enzymatic degumming process have also been quantified by several oilseed processors. This process allows obtaining a by‐product with a high concentration of different phospholipids. This study intends to increase the commercial value of this recovered gum contributing to the food industry with useful information about their functional properties.
How to Lose a Bond in Two Ways ― The Diradical/Zwitterion Dichotomy in Cycloaromatization Reactions
Authors: Peterson Paul W. , Mohamed Rana K. , Alabugin Igor V.
Published: March 2013

Cycloaromatization reactions decouple two electrons by breaking two π bonds to form only one σ bond and illustrate one of the most common mechanistic dichotomies in chemistry, namely the two ways of breaking a chemical bond: Zwitterionic or diradical. With a suitable choice of reaction conditions, substitution patterns, and catalysts, cycloaromatization processes can be redirected from the usual formation of a diradical towards a variety of zwitterionic pathways. This review illustrates the practical approaches for directing zwitterionic cycloaromatization reactions and lays the mechanistic foundations for the further development of this emerging field.
Structure–Activity Relationship of Formamides as Organocatalysts: The Significance of Formamide Structure and Conformation
Authors: Nguyen Dieu , Akhani Ravish K. , Sheppard Cody I. , Wiskur Sheryl L.
Published: March 2013

The impact of the structure and conformation of formamides as organocatalysts was investigated and reported herein as a structure–activity relationship. Selected formamides and some amides were evaluated for their ability to activate allyltrichlorosilane in the allylation of benzaldehyde. The results suggest that the reactive conformation of secondary formamides is the less‐favorable cis conformation, whereas tertiary formamides and most amides are less reactive or unreactive in the reaction. A trend is observed between the Charton value for the N‐substituent on the secondary formamides and the amount of product formed, with an increase in yield as the substituent becomes larger. This work highlights the effects of sterics and solvent polarity on the reactivity of formamides.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Formation of C=C Bonds: A Regioselective Strategy for the Synthesis of 2‐Vinylfurans by 1,2‐H Shift of Palladium–Carbene Complexes
Authors: Zhan Haiying , Lin Xiulian , Qiu Yanying , Du Zuodong , Li Peixian , Li Yongjian , Cao Hua
Published: March 2013

A convenient method to synthesize vinylfurans through a palladium‐catalyzed cyclization/1,2‐H shift sequence under mild conditions is described. This is an efficient strategy to synthesize 2‐vinylfurans from ene–yne ketones, and the corresponding products are obtained in good yields.
Triclosan occurrence in freshwater systems in the United States (1999–2012): A meta-analysis
Authors: Perez Angela L. , De Sylor Marianna Anderle , Slocombe Andrew J. , Lew Mindy G. , Unice Ken M. , Donovan Ellen P.
Published: March 2013

Recently, concern has grown regarding the presence of triclosan (TCS) in waters because of its potential for causing ecological and human health effects. The authors present a statistical analysis of TCS concentrations reported between 1999 and 2012 in freshwater environments in the United States and provide a comparison with available health-based and aquatic guidance values. Data from 46 peer-reviewed and unpublished investigations from 45 states and 1 US territory were included in the meta-analysis, encompassing the following coded water types: untreated (raw wastewater), effluent (wastewater treatment plant effluent), effluent-impacted environmental, environmental, and finished drinking water (total n = 2305). Triclosan was most frequently detected in untreated waters (92% detection frequency; mean ± standard error, 11 270 ± 2925 ng/L; n = 237), but concentrations were significantly reduced in effluent waters (83% detection frequency 775 ± 311 ng/L; n = 192, α = 0.05). Triclosan concentration in effluent-impacted environmental waters (62% detection frequency; 130 ± 17 ng/L; n = 228) was not significantly reduced from effluent waters but was significantly greater than TCS in environmental waters not classified as effluent impacted (11% detection frequency; 13 ± 3 ng/L; n = 1195). In finished drinking water, TCS was largely undetected (1% detection frequency; 4 ± 2 ng/L n = 453), suggesting that for the United States, drinking water is not an appreciable source of TCS exposure. In posttreatment waters, average TCS concentrations were below part-per-billion levels. Although no US regulatory standard exists for TCS in aquatic systems, comparison of averages reported in the present study with a predicted-no-effect concentration (PNEC) of 500 ng/L showed that 5.3% of effluent-impacted environmental waters were above the PNEC for changes in algal biomass, while only 0.25% of environmental waters surpassed this value. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:1479–1487. © 2013 SETAC
Chemical, mineral composition, and sensory acceptability of cocoyam‐based recipes enriched with cowpea flour
Authors: Olayiwola Ibiyemi , Folaranmi Funmi , Adebowale Abdul‐Rasaq A. , Oluseye Onabanjo , Ajoke Sanni , Wasiu Afolabi
Published: March 2013

The study was conducted to improve cocoyam‐based recipes (steamed cocoyam paste [ebiripo], ikokore, and fried cocoyam balls [ojojo]) using different blends of cocoyam and cowpea flours (100:0, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, and 50:50). The proximate composition, mineral composition, and sensory qualities of the recipes were determined using standard analytical procedures. The recipes had significantly (P < 0.05) higher contents of protein, fat, crude fiber, iron, zinc, sodium, and phosphorus compared with the control recipe (100% cocoyam flour). The protein content was highest in all recipes containing 50:50 cocoyam: cowpea flour (10.79%, 10.56%, 10.36% for ojojo, ikokore, and ebiripo, respectively). However, ikokore had higher iron (2.5 mg), phosphorus (92.5 mg), and zinc (1.92 mg) contents than ebiripo and ojojo. While the 80:20 recipe for ebiripo had significantly (P < 0.05) higher flavor and overall acceptability scores compared with other recipes. In conclusion, enrichment of cocoyam‐based recipes with cowpea flour improved the proximate composition, mineral composition, and sensory acceptability of the foods.
Astrocytic TRPV1 ion channels detect blood‐borne signals in the sensory circumventricular organs of adult mouse brains
Authors: Mannari Tetsuya , Morita Shoko , Furube Eriko , Tominaga Makoto , Miyata Seiji
Published: March 2013

The circumventricular organs (CVOs), including the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT), subfornical organ (SFO), and area postrema (AP) sense a variety of blood‐borne molecules because they lack typical blood‐brain barrier. Though a few signaling pathways are known, it is not known how endogenous ligands for transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 1 ion channel (TRPV1) are sensed in the CVOs. In this study, we aimed to examine whether or not astrocytic TRPV1 senses directly blood‐borne molecules in the OVLT, SFO, and AP of adult mice. The reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and Western analysis revealed the expression of TRPV1 in the CVOs. Confocal microscopic immunohistochemistry further showed that TRPV1 was localized prominently at thick cellular processes of astrocytes rather than fine cellular processes and cell bodies. TRPV1‐expressing cellular processes of astrocytes surrounded the vasculature to constitute dense networks. The expression of TRPV1 was also found at neuronal dendrites but not somata in the CVOs. The intravenous administration of a TRPV1 agonist resiniferatoxin (RTX) prominently induced Fos expression at astrocytes in the OVLT, SFO, and AP and neurons in adjacent related nuclei of the median preoptic nuclei (MnPO) and nucleus of the solitary tract (Sol) of wild‐type but not TRPV1‐knockout mice. The intracerebroventricular infusion of RTX induced Fos expression at both astrocytes and neurons in the CVOs, MnPO, and Sol. Thus, this study demonstrates that blood‐borne molecules are sensed directly by astrocytic TRPV1 of the CVOs in adult mammalians.
Crossover from negative to positive shear rate dependence in granular friction
Authors: Kuwano Osamu , Ando Ryosuke , Hatano Takahiro
Published: March 2013

The frictional properties of granular matter are important for analyzing various phenomena in geosciences. Here, we conduct an experiment on the shear‐rate dependence of the friction coefficient, which determines the stability of granular flow. By changing the shear rate over four orders of magnitude, we find the characteristic rate at which the least friction is realized associated with the crossover from negative to positive shear rate dependence. The least friction is explained in terms of the competition between two very different physical processes, namely frictional healing and anelasticity. We determine the expression of the characteristic shear rate, which is proportional to the square root of the normal stress.