bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulation of photovoltaic systems electricity generation using homer software in specific locations in Serbia
Authors: Pavlovic Tomislav , Milosavljevic Dragana , Pirsl Danica
Published: January 2013

In this paper basic information of Homer software for PV system electricity
generation, NASA - Surface meteorology and solar energy database, RETScreen,
PVGIS and HMIRS (Hydrometeorological Institute of Republic of Serbia) solar
databases are given. The comparison of the monthly average values for daily
solar radiation per square meter received by the horizontal surface taken
from NASA, RETScreen, PVGIS and HMIRS solar databases for three locations in
Serbia (Belgrade, Negotin and Zlatibor) is given. It was found that the
annual average values of daily solar radiation taken from RETScreen solar
database are the closest to the annual average values of daily solar
radiation taken from HMIRS solar database for Belgrade, Negotin and Zlatibor.
Monthly and total for year values of electricity production of fixed on-grid
PV system of 1 kW with optimal inclinated and south oriented solar modules,
in Belgrade, Negotin and Zlatibor using HOMER software simulation based on
data for daily solar radiation taken from NASA, RETScreen, PVGIS and HMIRS
databases are calculated. The relative deviation of electricity production of
fixed on-grid PV system of 1 kW using HOMER software simulation based on data
for daily solar radiation taken from NASA, RETScreen, and PVGIS databases
compared to electricity production of fixed on-grid PV system of 1 kW using
HOMER software simulation based on data for daily solar radiation taken from
HMIRS databases in Belgrade, Negotin and Zlatibor are given.
Constructal design of isothermal X-shaped cavities
Authors: Lorenzini G. , Biserni C. , Link F.B. , Santos Dos , Isoldi L.A. , Rocha L.A.O.
Published: January 2013

This paper applies Constructal design to study the geometry of a X-shaped
cavity that penetrates into a solid conducting wall. The objective is to
minimize the maximal dimensionless excess of temperature between the solid
body and the cavity. There is uniform heat generation on the solid body. The
total volume and the cavity volume are fixed, but the geometric lengths and
thickness of the X-shaped cavity can vary. The cavity surfaces are isothermal
while the solid body has adiabatic conditions on the outer surface. The
emerged optimal configurations and performance are reported graphically. When
compared to the Y- and C- and H-, the X-shaped cavity performs approximately
53% better than the Y-shaped cavity and 68% better than the C-shaped cavity
for the area fraction ? = 0.05, while its performance is 22% inferior to the
performance of the H-shaped cavity for the area fraction ? = 0.1. The results
indicate that the increase of the complexity of the cavity geometry can
facilitate the access of heat currents and improve the performance of the
cavities.
Possibilities to identify engine combustion model parameters by analysis of the instantaneous crankshaft angular speed
Authors: Popovic Slobodan , Tomic Miroljub
Published: January 2013

In this paper, novel method for obtaining information about combustion
process in individual cylinders of a multi-cylinder Spark Ignition Engine
based on instantaneous crankshaft angular velocity is presented. The method
is based on robust box constrained Levenberg-Marquardt minimization of
nonlinear Least Squares given for measured and simulated instantaneous
crankshaft angular speed which is determined from the solution of the engine
dynamics torque balance equation. Combination of in-house developed
comprehensive Zero-Dimensional Two-Zone SI engine combustion model and
analytical friction loss model in angular domain have been applied to provide
sensitivity and error analysis regarding Wiebe combustion model parameters,
heat transfer coefficient and compression ratio. The analysis is employed to
evaluate the basic starting assumption and possibility to provide reliable
combustion analysis based on instantaneous engine crankshaft angular speed.
Numerical simulation of non-conventional liquid fuels feeding in a bubbling fluidized bed combustor
Authors: Mladenovic Milica , Nemoda Stevan , Komatina Mirko , Dakic Dragoljub
Published: January 2013

The paper deals with the development of mathematical models for detailed
simulation of lateral jet penetration into the fluidized bed (FB), primarily
from the aspect of feeding of gaseous and liquid fuels into FB furnaces. For
that purpose a series of comparisons has been performed between the results
of in-house developed procedure- fluid-porous medium numerical simulation of
gaseous jet penetration into the fluidized bed, Fluent?s two-fluid
Euler-Euler FB simulation model, and experimental results (from the
literature) of gaseous jet penetration into the 2D FB. The calculation
results, using both models, and experimental data are in good agreement. The
developed simulation procedures of jet penetration into the FB are applied to
the analysis of the effects, which are registered during the experiments on a
fluidized pilot furnace with feeding of liquid waste fuels into the bed, and
brief description of the experiments is also presented in the paper.
Registered effect suggests that the water in the fuel improved mixing of fuel
and oxidizer in the FB furnace, by increasing jet penetration into the FB due
to sudden evaporation of water at the entry into the furnace. In order to
clarify this effect, numerical simulations of jet penetration into the FB
with three-phase systems: gas (fuel, oxidizer, and water vapour), bed
particles and water, have been carried out.
A Measurement Theory Perspective on Business Measurement
Authors: Romero Silvia , Gal Graham , Mock Theodore J. , Vasarhelyi Miklos A.
Published: January 2013

During the last five centuries, the traditional accounting model has evolved into a wide set of business practices and measurement conventions. In general, these models have served business well, but are now gradually losing relevance. The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) (2011) consideration of a more informative audit report and the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) (2011) reconsideration of a more precise concept of income clearly illustrate a growing disconnect with the traditional model. This paper explores the possibility of enhancing financial reporting with a wider frame of business representations and measures. It begins by discussing business measurement from the perspective of measurement theory, and then considers the potential that contemporary information technology and data processing offers by providing more relevant, timely, and reliable financial information. For example, some of the possible changes could be implemented through modified XBRL tagging.

In this paper, we discuss the limitations of the current reporting system and propose a generic business measurement model that includes three layers: the disclosure value chain, the point measurement of each datum, and the level of desired contingency measurement. The disclosure value chain includes environmental conditions, business plans, lead actions that augment current business activities measurement and, where feasible, information on consequent events. In examining the point measurement of each datum, we argue that measures often are not deterministic, but are contingent on time factors, the nature of the decision being supported, the level of desired precision, related future events, and inherent uncertainty. We present two structures combining these parameters. Finally, our explorations suggest that the level of the desired contingency measurement determines the appropriate information structure and that this measurement is needed in each specific decision context.
The Use of Contract Adjustments to Lengthen the CEO Horizon in the Presence of Internal and External Monitoring
Authors: Dikolli Shane S. , Kulp Susan L. , Sedatole Karen L.
Published: January 2013

We investigate whether boards of directors adjust compensation contracts to lengthen a CEO's decision horizon, and if the use of such contract adjustments depends on the levels of external (i.e., shareholder-based) and internal (i.e., board-based) CEO monitoring. Based on insights from the career-concerns literature, we identify short-horizon CEOs as those nearing retirement, at a firm with a current earnings decline or loss, and/or with an impending job change. We find that firms with a CEO identified as having a short-horizon place greater contract weight on forward-looking information. This horizon-lengthening contract adjustment is less pronounced when there is greater external monitoring (i.e., as proxied by a high level of shareholder rights), consistent with the intuition that increased shareholder rights mitigate CEO entrenchment, leading to less myopic decision making, independent of a contract adjustment. However, we also find that the horizon-lengthening contract adjustment is more pronounced when there is greater internal monitoring (i.e., as proxied by characteristics of the board), consistent with the intuition that increased employment risk from more intense internal monitoring itself creates a demand for increased incentive weights as a means of compensating the CEO for the increased risk.

Data Availability: Data used for this study are derived from publicly available databases and proxy statements.

JEL Classifications: M52; M41; J33.
Prevalence of Diagnosed Cancer According to Duration of Diagnosed Diabetes and Current Insulin Use Among U.S. Adults With Diagnosed Diabetes
Authors: Li Chaoyang , Zhao Guixiang , Okoro Catherine A. , Wen Xiao-Jun , Ford Earl S. , Balluz Lina S.
Published: January 2013

OBJECTIVE

To estimate the prevalence of diagnosed cancer according to duration of diagnosed diabetes and current insulin use among U.S. adults with diagnosed diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We analyzed data from 25,964 adults aged ≥18 years with diagnosed diabetes who participated in the 2009 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.

RESULTS

After adjustment for potential confounders, we found that the greater the duration of diagnosed diabetes, the higher the prevalence of diagnosed cancers (P < 0.0001 for linear trend). Among adults with diagnosed type 2 diabetes, the prevalence estimate for cancers of all sites was significantly higher among men (adjusted prevalence ratio 1.6 [95% CI 1.3–1.9]) and women (1.8 [1.5–2.1]) who reported being diagnosed with diabetes ≥15 years ago than among those reporting diabetes diagnosis <15 years ago. The prevalence estimate for cancers of all sites was ~1.3 times higher among type 2 diabetic adults who currently used insulin than among those who did not use insulin among both men (1.3 [1.1–1.6]) and women (1.3 [1.1–1.5]).

CONCLUSIONS

Our results suggest that there is an increased burden of diagnosed cancer among adults with a longer duration of diagnosed diabetes and among type 2 diabetic adults who currently use insulin.
Creatinine Excretion Rate and Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes and Nephropathy
Authors: Sinkeler Steef J. , Kwakernaak Arjan J. , Bakker Stephan J.L. , Shahinfar Shahnaz , Esmatjes Enric , de Zeeuw Dick , Navis Gerjan , Lambers Heerspink Hiddo J.
Published: January 2013

OBJECTIVE

The creatinine excretion rate (CER) is inversely associated with mortality in the general and renal transplant population. The CER is a marker for muscle mass. It is unknown whether the CER is associated with outcome in diabetes. We therefore investigated whether the CER is a determinant of all-cause mortality in diabetic patients.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We used data from the combined Reduction of Endpoints in Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus with the Angiotensin II Antagonist Losartan (RENAAL) and Irbesartan Diabetic Nephropathy Trial (IDNT) studies. A total of 1,872 patients (58% of the overall population) with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy with valid 24-h urinary creatinine excretion data were included. The primary end point of the analyses was all-cause mortality.

RESULTS

Mean age was 60 ± 8 years and median CER was 1,407 (total range 400–3,406) mg/day. Body surface area, hemoglobin, black race, and albuminuria were positive independent determinants of the CER, whereas female sex and age were inverse independent determinants of the CER. During a median follow-up of 36 (29–45) months, 300 patients died. In a Kaplan-Meier analysis of sex-stratified tertiles of the CER, risk for all-cause mortality increased with decreasing CER (P < 0.001). In a multivariable Cox regression analysis, lower CER (as a continuous variable) was independently associated with increased risk for all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 0.39 [95% CI 0.29–0.52], P < 0.001). Adjustment for potential collection errors did not materially change these associations.

CONCLUSIONS

Lower CER was strongly associated with increased all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. As the CER can be considered a proxy for muscle mass, this puts renewed emphasis on physical condition and exercise in this population.
Perspectives on defining ‘hearing loss’ and its consequences
Authors: Manchaiah Vinaya K. C. , Stephens Dafydd
Published: January 2013

Objective:

This discussion paper aims to highlight factors that may be important in defining hearing loss and its consequences and to present different perspectives based on various models of disability.

Method:

Relevant literature was reviewed to develop the discussion.

Results:

Hearing is a complex function that has both cognitive and emotional aspects. A person with hearing loss may have consequences in the physical, mental and social domains. Hearing loss in the context of clinical audiology is currently defined based on type of pathology and severity. However, evidence from both clinical findings and research suggest that this may not cover all the aspects of ‘hearing loss’ as a disability.

Conclusion:

Defining and describing hearing loss and its consequences with a holistic approach has some clinical value particularly in the context of audiological enablement/rehabilitation.
Smart Grid Technologies in Europe: An Overview
Authors: Ardito Luca , Procaccianti Giuseppe , Menga Giuseppe , Morisio Maurizio
Published: January 2013

The old electricity network infrastructure has proven to be inadequate, with respect to modern challenges such as alternative energy sources, electricity demand and energy saving policies. Moreover, Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) seem to have reached an adequate level of reliability and flexibility in order to support a new concept of electricity network — the smart grid. In this work, we will analyse the state-of-the-art of smart grids, in their technical, management, security, and optimization aspects. We will also provide a brief overview of the regulatory aspects involved in the development of a smart grid, mainly from the viewpoint of the European Union.
Nacre in Molluscs from the Ordovician of the Midwestern United States
Authors: Vendrasco Michael , Checa Antonio , Heimbrock William , Baumann Steven
Published: January 2013

Nacre was previously thought to be primitive in the Mollusca, but no convincing Cambrian examples are known. This aragonitic microstructure with crystal tablets that grow within an organic framework is thought to be the strongest, most fracture-resistant type of shell microstructure. Fossils described herein from the Ordovician of Iowa, Indiana, and Ohio provide supporting evidence for the hypothesis that sometime between the middle Cambrian and late Ordovician, nacre originated in cephalopod, bivalve, and possibly gastropod lineages. The correlation of independent origins of fracture-resistant nacre with increasing shell-crushing abilities of predators during the Cambrian-Ordovician suggests an early pulse in the evolutionary arms race between predators and molluscan prey.
From Human Past to Human Future
Authors: Bednarik Robert
Published: January 2013

This paper begins with a refutation of the orthodox model of final Pleistocene human evolution, presenting an alternative, better supported account of this crucial phase. According to this version, the transition from robust to gracile humans during that period is attributable to selective breeding rather than natural selection, rendered possible by the exponential rise of culturally guided volitional choices. The rapid human neotenization coincides with the development of numerous somatic and neural detriments and pathologies. Uniformitarian reasoning based on ontogenic homology suggests that the cognitive abilities of hominins are consistently underrated in the unstable orthodoxies of Pleistocene archaeology. A scientifically guided review establishes developmental trajectories defining recent changes in the human genome and its expressions, which then form the basis of attempts to extrapolate from them into the future. It is suggested that continuing and perhaps accelerating unfavorable genetic changes to the human species, rather than existential threats such as massive disasters, pandemics, or astrophysical events, may become the ultimate peril of humanity.
Consequences of Morphology on Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Ligand Recognition
Authors: Rosengren Annika , Karlsson Björn , Nicholls Ian
Published: January 2013

The relationship between molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) morphology and template-rebinding over a series of warfarin-imprinted methacrylic acid co(ethylene dimethacrylate) polymers has been explored. Detailed investigations of the nature of template recognition revealed that an optimal template binding was obtained with polymers possessing a narrow population of pores (~3–4 nm) in the mesopore size range. Importantly, the warfarin-polymer rebinding analyses suggest strategies for regulating ligand binding capacity and specificity through variation of the degree of cross-linking, where polymers prepared with a lower degree of cross-linking afford higher capacity though non-specific in character. In contrast, the co-existence of specific and non-specific binding was found in conjunction with higher degrees of cross-linking and resultant meso- and macropore size distributions.
Benchmarking Ligand-Based Virtual High-Throughput Screening with the PubChem Database
Authors: Butkiewicz Mariusz , Lowe Edward , Mueller Ralf , Mendenhall Jeffrey , Teixeira Pedro , Weaver C. , Meiler Jens
Published: January 2013

With the rapidly increasing availability of High-Throughput Screening (HTS) data in the public domain, such as the PubChem database, methods for ligand-based computer-aided drug discovery (LB-CADD) have the potential to accelerate and reduce the cost of probe development and drug discovery efforts in academia. We assemble nine data sets from realistic HTS campaigns representing major families of drug target proteins for benchmarking LB-CADD methods. Each data set is public domain through PubChem and carefully collated through confirmation screens validating active compounds. These data sets provide the foundation for benchmarking a new cheminformatics framework BCL::ChemInfo, which is freely available for non-commercial use. Quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) models are built using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), Support Vector Machines (SVMs), Decision Trees (DTs), and Kohonen networks (KNs). Problem-specific descriptor optimization protocols are assessed including Sequential Feature Forward Selection (SFFS) and various information content measures. Measures of predictive power and confidence are evaluated through cross-validation, and a consensus prediction scheme is tested that combines orthogonal machine learning algorithms into a single predictor. Enrichments ranging from 15 to 101 for a TPR cutoff of 25% are observed.
Mechatronic Description of a Laser Autoguided Vehicle for Greenhouse Operations
Authors: Sánchez-Hermosilla Julián , González Ramón , Rodríguez Francisco , Donaire Julián
Published: January 2013

This paper presents a novel approach for guiding mobile robots inside greenhouses demonstrated by promising preliminary physical experiments. It represents a comprehensive attempt to use the successful principles of AGVs (auto-guided vehicles) inside greenhouses, but avoiding the necessity of modifying the crop layout, and avoiding having to bury metallic pipes in the greenhouse floor. The designed vehicle can operate different tools, e.g., a spray system for applying plant-protection product, a lifting platform to reach the top part of the plants to perform pruning and harvesting tasks, and a trailer to transport fruits, plants, and crop waste. Regarding autonomous navigation, it follows the idea of AGVs, but now laser emitters are used to mark the desired route. The vehicle development is analyzed from a mechatronic standpoint (mechanics, electronics, and autonomous control).
Utility of the Bacteriophage RB69 Polymerase gp43 as a Surrogate Enzyme for Herpesvirus Orthologs
Authors: Bennett Nicholas , Götte Matthias
Published: January 2013

Viral polymerases are important targets in drug discovery and development efforts. Most antiviral compounds that are currently approved for treatment of infection with members of the herpesviridae family were shown to inhibit the viral DNA polymerase. However, biochemical studies that shed light on mechanisms of drug action and resistance are hampered primarily due to technical problems associated with enzyme expression and purification. In contrast, the orthologous bacteriophage RB69 polymerase gp43 has been crystallized in various forms and therefore serves as a model system that provides a better understanding of structure–function relationships of polymerases that belong the type B family. This review aims to discuss strengths, limitations, and opportunities of the phage surrogate with emphasis placed on its utility in the discovery and development of anti-herpetic drugs.
Human Metapneumovirus in Adults
Authors: Haas Lenneke , Thijsen Steven , Van Elden Leontine , Heemstra Karen
Published: January 2013

Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a relative newly described virus. It was first isolated in 2001 and currently appears to be one of the most significant and common human viral infections. Retrospective serologic studies demonstrated the presence of HMPV antibodies in humans more than 50 years earlier. Although the virus was primarily known as causative agent of respiratory tract infections in children, HMPV is an important cause of respiratory infections in adults as well. Almost all children are infected by HMPV below the age of five; the repeated infections throughout life indicate transient immunity. HMPV infections usually are mild and self-limiting, but in the frail elderly and the immunocompromised patients, the clinical course can be complicated. Since culturing the virus is relatively difficult, diagnosis is mostly based on a nucleic acid amplification test, such as reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. To date, no vaccine is available and treatment is supportive. However, ongoing research shows encouraging results. The aim of this paper is to review the current literature concerning HMPV infections in adults, and discuss recent development in treatment and vaccination.
Intramuscular Transplantation of Myogenic Cells in Primates: Importance of Needle Size, Cell Number, and Injection Volume
Authors: Skuk Daniel , Goulet Marlyne , Tremblay Jacques P.
Published: January 2013

The aim of this study was to quantitatively define the main measurable technical parameters for the intramuscular transplantation of myogenic cells in primates. Myoblasts transduced with the gene coding for β-galactosidase were injected into the skeletal muscles of 15 monkeys. The following parameters were studied: needle size, number of cells per injection, and volume of cell suspension per injection. Monkeys were immunosuppressed with tacrolimus. The cell-injected sites were biopsied 1 or 2 months later. Biopsies were examined histo logically to assess the myoblast engraftment and the muscle structure. The conclusions were as follows: ( 1 ) Needles should be thin enough to avoid important tissue damage and allow muscle regeneration as satisfactory as possible. Among those tested, 27G should be the choice if the length is consistent with depth of injection. ( 2 ) At least 100,000 cells should be delivered per centimeter of needle trajectory. ( 3 ) The smallest volumes of cell suspension per injection should be used. In this study, 1 μl/cm of injection trajectory was sufficient. In principle, these parameters apply to muscles in which no damage occurred other than the injections.
The «i-Generation» and its Interaction in Social Networks. An Analysis of Coca-Cola on Tuenti
Authors: Marta-Lazo Carmen , Martínez-Rodrigo Estrella , Sánchez-Martín Lourdes
Published: January 2013

Teenagers and young adults are increasingly using social networks as a means to interact and participate in constructing a multiple speech. Companies take direct options with followers in networks and use these virtual structures to approach their target. The purpose of this paper is to study, using empirical and observational methodology, how to build «Coca-Cola» brand image in «Tuenti», followed by the network over the public sector. Among other things, we will see how involved the brand and how followers, what are the issues that are introduced on the inputs and through what kind of formats. In conclusion, we noted that the interest in the brand of free speech to let the followers is just a strategy, the actual entries of «Coca-Cola» are very rare but they all have a high effect, a language that challenges the user to activate and resume his speech so directed. Moreover, there is no mechanism differentiating between information, entertainment and advertising, which combined with continued exposure to advertising impacts across different formats, leads us to propose the need for media education to encourage responsible use critic and social networks by young people.

Los adolescentes y jóvenes utilizan cada vez más las redes sociales como medio para interactuar y participar en la construcción de un discurso múltiple. Las empresas aprovechan las opciones de relación directa con los seguidores en las redes y utilizan estas estructuras virtuales para acercarse a su «target». El objeto de este artículo es estudiar, mediante una metodología empírica y observacional, cómo construye «Coca-Cola» su imagen de marca en «Tuenti», la red más seguida por este sector del público. Entre otros aspectos, observaremos de qué modo interviene la marca y cómo los seguidores; cuáles son los temas que se introducen en las entradas y a través de qué tipo de formatos. Como conclusión, advertimos que el interés de la marca de dejar libertad de expresión a los seguidores es solo una estrategia, en realidad las entradas de «Coca-Cola» son muy escasas pero todas ellas tienen un elevado efecto «gancho», pues con un lenguaje que interpela al usuario para que se active y retome su discurso de manera dirigida. Además, no existe ningún tipo de mecanismo diferenciador entre la información, el entretenimiento y la publicidad, lo que, unido a la exposición continuada a impactos publicitarios a través de diferentes formatos, nos lleva a proponer la necesidad de una educación mediática para fomentar el uso responsable y crítico de las redes sociales por parte de los jóvenes.
Learning Lives Connected: Digital Youth across School and Community Spaces
Authors: Erstad Ola , Gilje Øystein , Arnseth Hans Christian
Published: January 2013

Whereas most studies of learning explore intra-institutional experiences, our interest is to track individual learning trajectories across domains. Research on young people’s use of different media outside schools shows how practices of using digital media are different from practices in schools in both form and content. The major challenge today, however, is to find ways of understanding the interconnections and networking between these two lifeworlds as experienced by young people. Important elements here are adapted concepts like context, trajectories and identity related to activity networks. We will present data from the ongoing «learning lives project» in a multicultural community in Oslo. We will especially focus on students of Media and Communication studies at upper secondary school level. Using an ethnographic approach we will focus on how learners’ identities are constructed and negotiated across different kinds of learning relationships. The data will consist of both researcher-generated data (interviews, video-observations, field notes) and informant-generated data (photos, diaries, maps).

Aunque la mayoría de los estudios sobre el aprendizaje hablan de las experiencias intra-institucionales, nuestro interés se centra en el seguimiento de las trayectorias de aprendizaje individuales a través de distintos dominios. Las investigaciones sobre el uso de los diferentes medios por los jóvenes en el entorno extraescolar muestran cómo las prácticas aplicadas en el uso de medios digitales difieren de las prácticas en el entorno escolar, tanto en forma como en contenido. El reto principal actualmente consiste en encontrar formas de entender las interconexiones y la creación de redes entre estos dos mundos de la vida, tal y como las experimentan los jóvenes. Aquí los elementos importantes son los conceptos adaptados como contexto, trayectorias e identidad, relacionados con las redes de actividades. Presentamos datos del «proyecto sobre vidas de aprendizaje» actualmente en curso en una comunidad multicultural de Oslo. Nos centraremos especialmente en los alumnos de educación secundaria post obligatoria que cursan estudios de Medios y Comunicación. Con un enfoque etnográfico, nos centraremos en la forma en que se construyen y se negocian las identidades del alumno en distintos tipos de relaciones de aprendizaje. Los datos incluyen datos generados por los investigadores (entrevistas, observaciones a través de vídeos, anotaciones de campo) y datos generados por los participantes (fotografías, diarios, mapas).
Social Networks and Young People. Comparative Study of Facebook between Colombia and Spain
Authors: Almansa-Martínez Ana , Fonseca Oscar , Castillo-Esparcia Antonio
Published: January 2013

Social networks have become areas of social interaction among young people where they create a profile to relate with others. The way this population uses social networks has an impact on their socialization as well as the emotional and affective aspects of their development. The purpose of this investigation was to analyze how Facebook is used by young people to communicate among themselves and the experiences they gain from it. On the one hand, while teenagers claim to know the risks, they admit to accepting strangers as friends and to sharing large amounts of true data about their private lives. For this reason, it is necessary to understand the media and digital phenomenon that the youth are living through. Although they are legally prohibited from using Facebook until they are 13, the number of underage users of this social network is growing, without any restraint from parents or schools. This investigation compares the use of Facebook by youth in Colombia and Spain by using the content analysis and interview techniques. In Colombia 100 Facebook profiles were analyzed and 20 interviews carried out with students between 12- and 15-years-old attending the Institución Educativa Distrital Técnico Internacional school in Bogotá. In Spain, 100 Facebook profiles were analyzed and 20 interviews held with students of the same age group attending various secondary schools in Andalusia.

Las redes sociales se han convertido en ámbitos de interacción social entre los jóvenes, que crean un perfil para relacionarse con los demás. La exposición pública en el caso de los adolescentes puede generar problemas sobre aspectos sociales, emotivos y afectivos. Esta investigación analiza cómo se usa Facebook por parte de los jóvenes y qué experiencia obtienen de ello. Aunque dicen conocer los riesgos, admiten que aceptan a desconocidos como amigos y ofrecen datos reales sobre su vida. Ante esta situación, se hace más evidente la necesidad de la alfabetización mediática y digital de estos jóvenes que, aunque no deberían estar en Facebook hasta los 13 años, cuentan con un perfil de manera mayoritaria. Para ello se ha utilizado una metodología basada en el análisis de contenido y las entrevistas en profundidad. Se trata de un estudio comparativo entre Colombia y España. En Colombia se han realizado 100 análisis de perfiles y 20 entrevistas en profundidad. La muestra ha sido de adolescentes de 12 a 15 años, de la Institución Educativa Distrital Técnico Internacional de Bogotá. En España se han analizado 100 perfiles y se han realizado 20 entrevistas a chicos de 12 a 15 años, de Institutos (IES) de Andalucía.
Sextus Empiricus, l'expérience sceptique et l'horizon de l'éthique
Authors: Spinelli Emidio
Published: January 2013

Le scepticisme implique-t-il de refuser toute valeur à l’expérience ? Le corpus de Sextus Empiricus permet de montrer que la notion d’expérience joue un rôle central dans la philosophie néo-pyrrhonienne. Si l’on accepte de renoncer à établir des relations causales universelles et nécessaires entre les phénomènes, le scepticisme néo-pyrrhonien trouve dans l’observation empirique un modèle alternatif d’explication de la réalité comparable à celui qui est à l’œuvre dans l’empirisme contemporain. De même, l’attention portée par Sextus Empiricus à l’observation ( têrêsis ) – qui prend alors le sens d’observance – permet de comprendre en quel sens le scepticisme propose une éthique originale tout entière tournée vers le projet de l’adaptation à la vie ordinaire.
Gouvernance interorganisationnelle imbriquée et stratégie orientée client
Authors: Donada Carole , Nogatchewsky Gwenaëlle , Nogatchewsky Stéphane
Published: January 2013

Résumé L’article présente les résultats d’une recherche qualitative sur la gouvernance à adopter pour mener à bien une stratégie orientée client. L’étude d’une entreprise aéronautique met en évidence les particularités d’une « gouvernance imbriquée » pour structurer les relations de coopération sur le long terme avec les fournisseurs. Cette gouvernance interorganisationnelle repose tout d’abord sur une structure hiérarchique dans laquelle le niveau intermédiaire, occupé par les responsables achats, joue un rôle pivot. Elle s’appuie ensuite sur des dispositifs de contrôle des fournisseurs adaptés à chacune des phases des relations. L’étude révèle enfin que si la gouvernance imbriquée répond bien aux besoins d’une stratégie orientée client, elle laisse aussi penser que ses effets vertueux ne seront durables qu’avec les bases d’une solide confiance interorganisationnelle établie entre les partenaires d’échange à tous les niveaux.
La concurrence fiscale dans l'Union européenne
Authors: Le Cacheux Jacques
Published: January 2013

L’entrée dans l’Union européenne de douze nouveaux membres en 2004 et 2007 a relancé les craintes sur les conséquences de la concurrence fiscale en Europe. Une Europe élargie où les facteurs sont de plus en plus mobiles doit en théorie renforcer la concurrence fiscale entre les États. Cet article confronte la théorie et la réalité en Europe aujourd’hui et explore les voies d’une possible coopération européenne comme alternative au moins-disant fiscal.
Les grilles de compétences et leur guide d'utilisation en SES
Authors: Despicht Xavier
Published: January 2013

Le fruit d’un travail collectif, mené pendant deux ans dans le cadre d’un Groupe de production et de formation (GPF) de l’académie de Lille, est aujourd’hui matérialisé par deux grilles d’évaluation des compétences attendues des élèves au baccalauréat ainsi que par un guide d’utilisation. Ce travail a été rendu possible par le soutien actif de la Dafop (Délégation à la formation des personnels de l’académie de Lille) et de M. Philippe Deubel (IPR-IA de l’académie de Lille).
Télévision : la familiarité des publics avec leurs séries
Authors: Esquenazi Jean-Pierre
Published: January 2013

Jean-Pierre Esquenazi s’appuie, ici, sur des témoignages de téléspectateurs réguliers de séries télévisées. Il observe qu’elles s’inscrivent profondément dans la vie des enquêtés à travers des rituels ou des pratiques de sociabilité qui organisent un contexte de réception. Il s’interroge ensuite sur les caractéristiques des séries télévisées qui, mieux que d’autres produits culturels, permettent d’établir ces relations de réception spécifiques.
Les Temps modernes
Authors: Noui Nordine
Published: January 2013

Des productions audiovisuelles – documentaires ou fictions – peuvent être utilisées pour illustrer un cours ou des travaux dirigés de SES. Au cours des TD, l’idéal est de les utiliser de façon ludique, notamment en demandant aux élèves d’y retrouver des notions du cours, présentes de façon explicite ou implicite. Parmi ces œuvres audiovisuelles, nous avons retenu l’une des plus connues : Les Temps modernes de Charlie Chaplin. Souvent étudié sous forme d’extraits, ce long métrage traite de divers aspects économiques, dont l’organisation du travail, mais aussi de questions sociales. Le dossier que nous vous proposons ici a été testé avec succès auprès d’élèves de terminale.
Le cauchemar de Proust
Authors: de Biasi Pierre-Marc
Published: January 2013

Résumé Écrire ou téléphoner ? L’alternative s’est posée à Proust, et on mesure par sa correspondance ce que le choix du téléphone nous aurait coûté. Et le mail, et les écrits d’écran ?... Bien loin de fermer au chercheur la grande nuit des brouillons, la nouvelle technologie nous ouvre peut-être leur âge d’or.
Antifrançais, l'Américain ?
Authors: Mehlman Jeffrey
Published: January 2013

Résumé La francophobie américaine ne mérite pas moins d’attention que l’antiaméricanisme en France. Cette tradition pittoresque, et chez nous méconnue, Jeffrey Mehlman, éminent critique littéraire américain, l’aborde ici par le biais des meilleurs romanciers et des comédies musicales. À qui osera dire que c’est le petit bout de la lorgnette, le médiologue répondra par le dicton fameux : Ad augusta per angusta . Ce sont les sentiers qui mènent aux sommets.
Peinture, réseaux, terriers
Authors: Gourvil Olivier
Published: January 2013

Résumé La peinture occupe aujourd’hui un espace de spéculation qui devrait autant à l’organigramme des réseaux et des écrans qu’au Terrier de Kafka. Dans cette opposition entre les activités fluides et technologiques de la société et les déambulations inquiètes d’un personnage dans son terrier primitif, la peinture est envisagée d’abord dans sa relation au geste et au corps. Elle est ensuite abordée comme une surface de capture des phénomènes de tous ordres ; de même son expansion hors du tableau est interrogée comme une constante ; enfin, à l’injonction de la table rase des avant-gardes répond aujourd’hui celle de la table garnie ; il y a pléthore.
Intervenir
Authors: Douroux Xavier
Published: January 2013

Résumé L’écriture, la peinture et la relation à l’architecture sont les trois points d’entrée de ce rappel de l’œuvre de Claude Rutault, au travers d’une mise en parallèle avec celle de Rémy Zaugg. Sur le mode du témoignage, Xavier Douroux revient sur l’histoire du Consortium et de sa coopération avec Claude Rutault, notamment sur les expériences de peinture « en architecture » à la villa Savoye de Le Corbusier, à l’agence de Dominique Perrault, au pavillon de Mies Van der Rohe, et à l’ Éclat de folie de Bernard Tschumi.
Figures de la peinture et figures de l'artiste
Authors: Breuil Marie-Hélène
Published: January 2013

Résumé Les références aux maîtres anciens et modernes sont nombreuses dans le travail de Claude Rutault. Plusieurs définitions/méthodes évoquent des œuvres dans lesquelles des peintures sont représentées et engagent une réflexion sur l’idée du « tout l’œuvre peint » et de la rétrospective. d’après les maîtres , d/m 248, promenades , dm 264, et la peinture mise à plat , d/m 252, sont des textes à partir desquels il est possible de présenter la peinture et d’en travailler les postures.
L'activisme associatif comme marché du travail
Authors: Bono Irene
Published: January 2013

L’article propose une lecture en termes d’économie politique des pratiques d’inclusion des « pauvres » par le marché à travers la promotion des Activités génératrices de revenus (AGR), dans le contexte particulier d’El Hajeb au Maroc. Cette promotion des AGR est révélatrice de l’émergence d’une nouvelle conception du marché reposant sur la valorisation de l’activisme associatif comme pourvoyeur d’opportunités d’inclusion économique. La normalisation sociale et politique qui en dérive dévoile à la fois des traits typiques de l’exercice du pouvoir au Maroc et de la gouvernance néolibérale.
L'ambivalence de la « course à “el khobza'' »
Authors: Meddeb Hamza
Published: January 2013

En tant que conduite de vie des sujets à la marge du « pacte de sécurité », la « course à el khobza » (« course au pain ») est fondamentalement ambivalente. Elle amène à « jouer le pouvoir » de façon à domestiquer les incertitudes de cette vie aux marges de la société, et à apprivoiser la violence dans un désir de s’arracher à la précarité. Simultanément, elle est un vecteur de l’assujettissement des hommes par l’insertion, développant les frustrations et les sentiments d’humiliation. Dès lors, en Tunisie, la gouvernementalité d’el khobza constitue aussi bien la matrice de l’obéissance que celle de la révolte.
Sens et rôle de l'Amérique rurale hier et aujourd'hui
Authors: Stauber Karl
Published: January 2013

Résumé L’Amérique rurale n’est pas seulement une réalité, elle continue de nourrir un mythe, et révèle une confusion qui caractérise les politiques publiques destinées au monde rural. Après une longue histoire de contrats sociaux qui ont fourni la base des relations entre le monde rural et l’Amérique urbaine, devenue prédominante suite à la révolution industrielle, depuis les années 1970 une absence de contrat social s’est installée, tandis que subsistent des politiques aujourd’hui inadaptées. Un nouveau contrat social est nécessaire qui contribuera à rétablir la confiance perdue des Américains dans l’État, l’action sociale collective et la capacité du marché à s’autogérer. L’Amérique rurale est-elle un présage de l’avenir de la nation toute entière ?
La construction d'une identité de la planche à voile dans les années 1970-1980 : représentations, jeux et enjeux
Authors: Jallat Denis
Published: January 2013

Résumé L’article met en évidence plusieurs moments de changements dans les relations entre les acteurs investis dans la planche à voile entre 1975 et 1985 en France. Il s’appuie sur un corpus de revues spécialisées et sur les archives de la Fédération française de voile. Le refus de l’autorité nationale de reconnaître la pratique, pourtant sportive à ses débuts, a permis à des acteurs « privés » de la modeler au gré de leurs besoins. L’auteur relève les discours qui ont été produits et les enjeux sous-jacents, montre les alliances et les oppositions qui expliquent les évolutions de l’activité, la diversification des modalités de la pratique et, partant, le rapport au monde et le style de vie des véliplanchistes. Il questionne ainsi l’ancrage de l’activité et de ceux qui s’y adonnent dans l’univers de la contreculture et de la glisse.
The Correlation Between Retinal Blood Flow Velocity Measured by the Retinal Function Imager and Various Physiological Parameters
Authors: Burgansky-Eliash Zvia , Lowenstein Anat , Neuderfer Meira , Kesler Anat , Barash Hila , Nelson Darin A. , Grinvald Amiram , Barak Adiel
Published: January 2013

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

The Retinal Function Imager (RFI) (Optical Imaging Ltd., Rehovot, Israel) measures retinal blood flow velocity non-invasively. The authors studied the reproducibility of these measurements and assessed the effect of physiological components on them.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Sixty-seven individuals with no retinal pathology were recruited. Velocity reproducibility was verified by comparing repeated RFI measurements. The correlation of the velocity with physiological parameters was assessed by mixed linear and Gaussian models.

RESULTS:

The average velocity was 4.2 ± 0.9 mm/sec arterial and 3.3 ± 0.8 mm/sec venous. Variability was 7.5% ± 3.7% and interclass correlation coefficient was r = 0.744. Venous velocity decreased after 40 years of age (0.32 mm/sec per decade,
P
< .01). Arterial velocity increased as mean arterial pressure increased (0.25 mm/sec per 10 mm Hg,
P
< .01). There was also a positive association between velocities and heart rate (arteries: 0.21 mm/sec per 10 bpm,
P
< .05; veins: 0.22 mm/sec per 10 bpm,
P
< .01).

CONCLUSION:

The RFI provides a reproducible, non-invasive technique to assess retinal velocities.
Cortical Blindness and Choroidal Metastases Secondary to Metastatic Breast Carcinoma in a Male Patient
Authors: Palejwala Neal , Yeh Steven , Grossniklaus Hans E. , Bergstrom Chris
Published: January 2013

Male breast carcinoma is a rare entity that often goes undiagnosed until advanced stages. The authors describe the case of a patient with profound vision loss who was found to have bilateral choroidal metastases as well as advanced cerebral metastatic disease. Further medical work-up revealed widespread infiltrative ductal breast carcinoma. Given the presence of large occipital lobe lesions, the etiology of the patient’s vision loss was thought to be cortical blindness. Prompt diagnosis and neurologic evaluation with this presentation is crucial because it can be associated with significant morbidity and mortality.
Knowledge Management
Authors: Zyngier Suzanne
Published: January 2013

Knowledge Management (KM) governance is the implementation of authority through a framework to ensure the delivery of anticipated or predicted benefits of KM strategy development and implementation in an authorized and regulated manner. KM governance also relies on measurement and evaluation of the effectiveness and efficiency of all aspects of KM, particularly the outcomes of strategy implementation to ensure that strategic benefits are realized. This paper examines the results of a global survey of people involved in the development and implementation of KM strategies. Responses came from 34 countries across every continent. Using descriptive and inferential statistics, this paper finds clear evidence of the measurability of KM outcomes through KM governance. These research findings strengthen the proposition that KM governance supports the capacity of KM governance to realize and reveal the value from, or the return on investment (ROI) of KM strategy development and implementation; the selection of KM tools and techniques is less of a consideration in this regard.
A Knowledge Management Tool for the Interconnection of Communities of Practice
Authors: Lavoué Élise , George Sébastien , Prévôt Patrick
Published: January 2013

In their daily practice, practitioners belong to local communities of practice (CoPs) within their organisation. This knowledge is rarely capitalised upon because discussions are mainly verbal. Practitioners can also belong to general CoPs online. Within these general CoPs, discussions are rarely linked to the context in which they appeared, since the members are from different companies or institutions. This paper (1) connects these two levels of CoPs by contacting practitioners belonging to CoPs centred on the same general activity but who are geographically distributed and (2) capitalises on the produced knowledge by contextualising, allowing it to be accessible and reusable by all the members. The authors detail the main results of the research: (1) a model of the interconnection of CoPs (ICP) to support knowledge sharing and dissemination; and (2) a specific knowledge management tool for the ICP knowledge base. The authors apply the model and platform to university tutors by: (1) developing a use case, which links the model and the TE-Cap 2 platform and highlights the new possibilities offered by the knowledge management tool; and (2) conducting a descriptive investigation lasting for five months.