bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Cybersecurity Threats on Emerging Markets' Integration into Global Trade Networks
Authors:   Capital One, Narsina Deekshith
Published: January 2025

This paper explores how cybersecurity concerns affect developing market integration into global trade networks, concentrating on digital market vulnerabilities. The research seeks to identify developing economies' biggest cybersecurity dangers, examine their effects on global commerce, and suggest resilience methods. Cybersecurity threats and their consequences on trade systems are examined via secondary data-based reviews of literature, reports, and case studies. Due to obsolete infrastructure, inadequate regulatory frameworks, and a cybersecurity skills gap, developing countries are susceptible to cyberattacks. Besides disrupting commerce, these vulnerabilities also damage investor confidence and global supply systems. The report stresses the necessity of improved digital infrastructure, cybersecurity policies, and local professional capacity development. It emphasizes international collaboration and public-private partnerships to strengthen cybersecurity resilience. Policy implications include that developing market countries must emphasize cybersecurity in trade policies and comply with global norms to promote safe and sustainable global commerce. By tackling these issues, emerging economies may boost trade competitiveness and global economic stability.
Risk factor analysis of endometriosis in women of reproductive age: a tertiary care level hospital study in Bangladesh
Authors: Panna Benozir Haque , Siddiqua Sehereen F. , Ara Iffat , Sultana Tahmina
Published: January 2025

Background: Endometriosis is a disease in which tissue near the lining of the uterus grows outside the uterus. It can originate severe pain in the pelvis and make it harder to get pregnant. In several studies, several factors have been identified as the risk factors of endometriosis. But in Bangladesh, we have very limited research-based information regarding this issue. This study aimed to assess the risk factors of endometriosis in women of reproductive age.
Methods: This case-control study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, Anwer Khan modern medical college, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2019 to December 2019. As per the inclusion criteria, in total 24 women of reproductive age with endometriosis were enrolled in the case group (Group 1). On the other hand, 24 age-matched women without endometriosis were enrolled in the control group (Group 2). A purposive sampling technique was used in sample selection. All the demographic and clinical data were analyzed by using the SPSS version 23.0 program and disseminated by the MS office program.
Results: In this study, assessing the risk factors of endometriosis among various reproductive histories of the participants revealed statistically significant correlations between the groups for the age of 30-40 years, late marriage, late childbearing, dysmenorrhea, and family history of endometriosis, with p values less than 0.05. However, when comparing genital tract obstruction, frequent and prolonged menstrual cycles, and nulliparity, we observed noticeable differences between the groups, but these were not statistically significant.
Conclusions: Age of 30-40 years, late marriage, late childbearing, dysmenorrhea, and family history of endometriosis may be considered the potential risk factors for endometriosis in women of reproductive age.
Diagnostic efficacy of DIPSI criteria for diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus in comparison with WHO 2013 criteria
Authors: Yasmin Sumaiya , Nasrin Begum , Das Tripti Rani , Mahmood Sharmeen , Parvin Maliha
Published: January 2025

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a global health issue due to its increasing prevalence and negative effects on maternal and fetal health. The standard screening method is the 75 g glucose tolerance test (OGTT), which requires fasting. The Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group of India (DIPSI) suggests a one-stage, non-fasting test as an alternative, which could be more patient-friendly and aligns with international recommendations. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic efficacy of the DIPSI method compared to the WHO criteria for GDM screening.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2021 to September 2022 at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka. One hundred and thirty-three singleton pregnant women who provided informed consent were included.
Results: Among 133 participants, 34 (25.6%) were diagnosed with GDM according to WHO criteria, while 26 (19.5%) were diagnosed with DIPSI. The DIPSI method showed high specificity (96.97%) but lower sensitivity (67.65%) compared to the WHO criteria. The positive and negative likelihood ratios were 22.32 and 0.33, respectively, with an overall accuracy of 89.46%. Lowering the DIPSI cutoff to 7.3 mmol/L improved sensitivity to 82.4% and specificity to 92.9% and increased overall accuracy to 90.2%.
Conclusions: The non-fasting DIPSI method demonstrated reasonable diagnostic accuracy compared to the WHO criteria. It is recommended for use in low-resource settings but should not replace the gold standard OGTT for comprehensive GDM screening.
Prospective study to analyse effectiveness of Samartharam suction canula as a preventive strategy for postpartum haemorrhage in high-risk mothers at a teaching hospital over a period of one year
Authors: Shanthavibala  , Mohanapriya  , Karunya  , Priyanka
Published: January 2025

Background: To analyse the effectiveness of Samartharam suction canula as a preventive strategy along with routine Active management of third stage of labour (AMTSL) in women who are high risk for pph. Incorporating SR canula along with routine AMSL might help in reducing the incidence of postpartum haemorrhage (PPH).  
Methods: This is a hospital based comparative prospective cross-sectional study, carried out among 150 high risk women for PPH who delivered vaginally in department of obstetrics and gynaecology, govt. Theni medical college and hospital, Theni between October 2020 to October 2021. All the women received 10 units of oxytocin IM at the appearance of anterior shoulder, or uterine massage and controlled cord traction. SR cannula was applied in 75women and in another 75 women all other uterotonics (oxytocin, misoprostol and tranexamic acid) for preventing PPH were used.
Results: Mean age of the patients was observed in the age group of 21-30 years (SR suction canula=49, medical management=50). Comparison between SR suction canula and medical methods. In this study it was observed, in higher number of cases the bleeding stopped immediately and there was a significant reduction in the amount of blood loss and the need for blood transfusion. Whereas, bleeding stopped immediately only in lower numbers, in whom medical management alone was used.
Conclusions: This study provides a promising insight, as a prophylactic strategy for prevention of atonic PPH for high-risk mothers.
Association of physical metabolic markers with perinatal outcomes in low-risk pregnant women: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Tripathi Reva , Verma Divya , Singh Nilanchali , Ramji Siddarth , Mishra Neha , Pandey Shivam , Mohan Trishala
Published: January 2025

Background: This prospective study was planned to study the correlation of all physical metabolic markers (BMI, WC, WHR, and WHtR) in the antenatal period with perinatal outcomes.
Methods: All pregnant women who had first antenatal visit before 20 weeks were recruited into the study for period of 1 year. Detailed history was taken followed by a thorough general physical examination (including BMI, WC, WHR, and WHtR as per Indian standards).
Results: In multivariate logistic regression model none of parameters actually predicted the onset of GDM. Incidence of LSCS showed significant association with WC and WHtR. BW>3.5 kgs and NICU admission had a significant statistical association with WHtR.
Conclusions: BMI, WC, WHR and WHtR should be measured in all pregnant women at the first antenatal visit. WC predicts caesarean delivery, BMI predicts large for gestational age baby, and WHtR is a novel marker which predicts both.
A prospective study on maternal near-miss and maternal mortality in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Agrawal Shubhangi , Thobbi Vidya A.
Published: January 2025

Background: Maternal near-miss (MNM) has become a key indicator of healthcare quality, offering valuable insights into severe maternal morbidity. In developing countries, maternal morbidity remains a pressing issue, and understanding MNM cases is crucial for improving maternal health outcomes. The present study was carried out to evaluate the causes, interventions, and delays in managing maternal near-miss cases in a tertiary care hospital.
Methods: This observational study was conducted at Al-Ameen Medical College and Hospital, from September 2022 to September 2023. A total of 863 deliveries were analyzed, and 67 MNM cases were identified. The study included pregnant women who experienced severe maternal complications, and data on demographic, clinical, and intervention characteristics were collected. The incidence ratio, mortality index, and delay factors were also calculated.
Results: The MNM incidence ratio was 78.7 per 1000 live births. The most common risk factors were preeclampsia (29.9%), antepartum hemorrhage (APH) (16.4%), eclampsia, and surgical site infections (13.4%). A majority of MNM cases required high dependency unit (HDU) admission (55.2%), and 13.4% underwent hysterectomy. Delays were most prominent at the patient level (46.3%), followed by referral side delays (38.8%). The study also found that women with severe anemia had lower gestational ages and a higher incidence of transfusion interventions.
Conclusions: This study highlights the significant burden of MNM, particularly due to hypertensive disorders and hemorrhage. Delays in care, especially from the patient and referral sides, contribute to poor maternal outcomes. Early detection, effective interventions, and improved healthcare systems at all levels are crucial to reduce maternal morbidity.
Analysis of maternal and fetal outcome in twin pregnancy
Authors: N. Sunanda , R. Nikitha
Published: January 2025

Background: The use of fertility drugs, in-vitro fertilization, gestational age and other factors contribute to the rising incidence of multiple pregnancies. Multiple pregnancies are associated with increased risk of obstetric complications and perinatal mortality and morbidities. The present study analyzes maternal and perinatal outcomes in multiple pregnancies to identify associated complications and reduce risks.
Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in the OBG department of MMCRI, from January 2023 to December 2023. Data from 182 twin deliveries were analyzed. All women diagnosed with twin pregnancies via clinical or ultrasound examination were included.
Results: Of the 7598 deliveries recorded, 182 (3.72%) were twin deliveries. The mean maternal age was 27.32±4.5 years. Most twin pregnancies occurred in multigravida women (67.7%) and were conceived after ovulation induction (74.43%). Dichorionic twins (71.4%) were more common than monochorionic twins (19.54%). Spontaneous delivery occurred in 132 (71.4%) cases, while 28.6% were induced.  The rate of LSCS was 34.67%, with the most common indication being first twin not being cephalic. Preterm labour (72.7%), anemia (42%) and hypertensive disorders (38%) and postpartum hemorrhage (14.33%) were the most common complications. Single fetal demise occurred in 10% cases 10%.
Conclusions: Twin pregnancies are more common in advanced maternal age and often result from fertility treatments. Early diagnosis, vigilant prenatal and postnatal care and timely intervention can significantly reduce maternal and perinatal risks.
Clinical outcome of colposcopy guided biopsy in women with abnormal Pap smear results
Authors: Baranwal Nilakshi , Sharma Rupali , Rachna  , Agarwal Megha
Published: January 2025

Background: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women globally and remains a significant public health challenge despite being largely preventable. Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV), particularly HPV-16 and HPV-18, is the primary cause. Early detection through effective screening methods, such as Pap smear and colposcopy, plays a critical role in reducing cervical cancer incidence. This study evaluates the clinical outcomes of colposcopy-guided biopsy in women with abnormal Pap smear results, highlighting the importance of integrated screening approaches.
Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, GS medical college and hospital, Hapur, over 15-18 months (November 2022-February 2024). A total of 150 women aged 25-65 years with abnormal Pap smear results and cervical symptoms (e.g., leukorrhea, postcoital bleeding, intermenstrual bleeding) were included. Colposcopy-guided biopsies were performed on these patients. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS version 27, applying statistical tests like the T-test and chi-square test, with p<0.05 considered significant. Descriptive statistics summarized the data, presented in charts and tables.
Results: Among the 150 participants, 10.6% had abnormal Pap smear findings, and 17.3% had abnormal colposcopy findings. Squamous metaplasia (46.15%) and high-grade lesions (34.61%) were the most frequently observed abnormalities during colposcopy, while Pap smears predominantly revealed ASC-US (56.25%) and HSIL (31.25%). Postcoital and postmenopausal bleeding had the highest rates of abnormal findings. Colposcopy demonstrated greater sensitivity compared to Pap smear in detecting cervical lesions, emphasizing its importance in early diagnosis.
Conclusions: Colposcopy is more sensitive than Pap smear in detecting cervical abnormalities, particularly high-grade lesions. Combining these methods enhances the accuracy and reliability of cervical cancer detection. Integrating molecular tests and visual inspection techniques into existing screening protocols could further improve outcomes. Raising public awareness about regular screening, HPV vaccination, and early detection is essential to reducing cervical cancer burden globally.
Reproductive outcome after surgical sperm retrieval and intracytoplasmic sperm injection in couples with male factor sub fertility: a 10-year retrospective observational study
Authors: Sebastian Nikhil , Suraj Jayalakshmi
Published: January 2025

Background: To evaluate surgical sperm retrieval (SSR) rate in men with obstructive azoospermia (OA) and non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) and to compare clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) following ICSI. It was a retrospective observational study done at Dream Flower IVF Centre, Kasaragod, Kerala, India.
Methods: The 124 azoospermic men who underwent SSR along with intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) between June 2013 to May 2024 were included in the study. OA and NOA were classified depending on the history, physical examination, ultrasonography and laboratory findings. Analysis of data on SSR rate and reproductive outcome following ICSI was done.
Results: A total of 124 male patients presented with azoospermia of which 52 patients (41.93%) had OA while 72 patients (58.06%) had NOA. The SSR rate was significantly higher in OA (100%) when compared to NOA (48.6%; p<0.05). The follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) level was significantly lower in participants with OA (5.2±2.0) when compare to NOA (25.1±15.2; p<0.05). ICSI using surgically retrieved spermatozoa was done in 90 couples. We failed to retrieve sperms in 34 (28.41%) patients, of which 27 couples opted for donor sperm (DS) for ICSI. The CPR was 55.8% and 39.5% in OA and NOA respectively. No significant difference in CPR (p=0.286), miscarriage rate (p=0.056) or live birth rate (p=0.904) were observed among the three groups.
Conclusions: Azoospermic men can be counselled about the probability of successful sperm retrieval as well as their likelihood to father their biological child following ICSI without the need of donor spermatozoa.
Profile of intrauterine fetal demise in Central India: is it preventable?
Authors: Patidar Surbhi , Mahadik Kalpana
Published: January 2025

Background: Intrauterine fetal demise (IUFD) refers to the death of a fetus after 20 weeks of gestation but before or during labor, and it remains a significant obstetric concern worldwide. This study investigates the profile of IUFD in Central India, focusing on its causes, associated maternal factors, and the potential for prevention. Globally, unexplained stillbirth is reported in 76% of cases. The study aims to find the causes of IUFD in this area to help in achieving the goal of less than 12 neonatal deaths.
Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted over two years from April 2022 to April 2024 at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, R. D. Gardi Medical College, Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh. We included diagnosed cases of pregnancies with IUFD that presented at our hospital. Women before delivery and those who came in emergency with IUFD were included.
Results: 151 cases of IUFD were diagnosed out of 4492 deliveries in the study period of two years; rate of 3.36%. The most common cause of IUFD was preeclampsia (24%) followed by unexplained causes (12%), obstructed and prolonged labor (9.9%). Inspite of tertiary care level of health facility most of these intrauterine deaths were not prevented due to poor antenatal care, late reporting and callous attitude of relatives.
Conclusions: Certain causes of IUFD, such as congenital anomalies, are unavoidable, a significant proportion of cases could be prevented through enhanced maternal health management, improved prenatal screening, and better healthcare access across Central India.
Seroprevalence of human immuno-deficiency virus infection in babies born to HIV positive women
Authors: Nair Atmaja , Vijaykumar Bindu , R. Chandran Jyoti
Published: January 2025

Background: Parent to child transmission (PTCT) is a major route of human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV) infection in children. PTCT contributes to about 4% of HIV infections in India. Prevention of parent to child transmission (PPTCT) of HIV involved testing of all pregnant women for HIV status, administration of antiretroviral therapy (ART) to HIV positive pregnant women, antiretroviral (ARV) prophylaxis to their infants and safe obstetric and infant feeding practices. Purpose of the study was finding out the mother to child transmission rates in our institution and whether we have been able to achieve the World Health Organization (WHO) target.
Methods: This was a descriptive retrospective cohort study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India. Data of HIV positive mothers and infants born to them was collected using records.
Results: Out of the 60 pregnancies, we had 23 new cases (40.3%) and 34 mothers (59.6%) known HIV positives becoming pregnant. 39.5% had taken ART for <24 weeks and 60.4% had taken ART for >24 weeks. There were 48 live births. At 6 weeks, 3 babies had tested positive by HIV total nucleic acid (TNA) polymerase chain reaction (PCR). One out of these expired at 1 week of diagnosis.
Conclusions: Poor maternal adherence to ART, unsuppressed viral load, lack of ART during pregnancy, lack of ARV prophylaxis for the infant, poor antenatal visits were associated with HIV infections among children born to HIV positive mothers.
The art of vaginal birth after caesarean section: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Varadaraju Rani , Gopalan Anusha H.
Published: January 2025

Background: There is an alarming rise in caesarean section rate worldwide. Our study aims to highlight the factors contributing to successful vaginal birth after caesarean section (VBAC) in our institution over a period of 4 years.
Methods: Our study is a retrospective observational study. 149 patients who underwent successful VBAC during the period of November 2022 to October 2024 were included in the study and their demographic characteristics, labor progress, maternal and neonatal outcomes studied.
Results: Out of the total 149 patients, 91% of patients were admitted with spontaneous onset of labor pains. Admission Bishop's score was >3 for 87% of patients. Majority of patients (95%) progressed in labour with low dose oxytocin. 7% of patients had gestation diabetes mellitus (GDM), 3% had gestational hypertension highlighting the fact that these are not contraindications for trial of labour after caesarean (TOLAC). There was no maternal and neonatal morbidity or mortality.
Conclusions: With proper case selection, antenatal counselling and adequate pain relief - TOLAC can result in successful VBAC. VBAC is a safe alternative to elective repeat caesarean section in patients with one previous caesarean section. Increasing VBAC deliveries can reduce the overall caesarean section rate and reduce the morbidities associated with repeated caesarean sections.
Stepwise approach to a large fibroid uterus in a nulliparous woman: a case report
Authors: Nahar Kirty , Hiremath Gayatri , Nahar Nikita
Published: January 2025

Leiomyomas are the most common benign pelvic tumour in the reproductive age women accounting for almost 20-25% incidence in general population. Leiomyomas are monoclonal tumours of the smooth muscle cells of the myometrium containing varying amount of fibrous tissue.  A 45-year-old, unmarried, nulliparous woman presents with large distended abdominal swelling and heavy bleeding during her periods at a tertiary care hospital. This case report magnifies varying risk factors, diagnosis and management of large uterine fibroids and highlights joint diagnosis and decisions of gynaecologist, radiologist and pathologist. After putting forth various modes of treatment options, the definitive treatment was decided considering her age, severity of symptoms, that is fibroid impacting her quality of life and her future parity interest.  This particular case showcases successful preoperative medical treatment, timely investigations and planned surgery for optimal patient outcome.
Giant follicular cyst of ovary in an adolescent girl
Authors: Jayakumar  , Ravichandran Vidhya
Published: January 2025

Ovarian cystadenomas are rare neoplastic tumors arising from the ovarian surface epithelium. While commonly observed in adult women, their occurrence in adolescents is extremely uncommon. Now, those lesions diagnosed more frequently due to availability of better imaging modalities. Presentations as huge cysts have become rare as most of them are diagnosed and treated early. Adolescent girls presenting with huge benign abdominal cysts are uncommon, most of them due to serous cystadenomas of the ovary, but large follicular cysts are rare­­­. We present a 13year old girl who presented with a large abdominal mass which was subsequently diagnosed as juvenile follicular cyst of the ovary. Urgent surgical intervention led to left salpingo-oophorectomy, confirming the benign nature of the tumor. This report highlights the importance of comprehensive approach to diagnosing and managing rare ovarian neoplasms in adolescents.
The Impact of Oracle NetSuite ERP Implementation on Business Performance and Sustainability
Authors: Tulli Sai krishna Chaitanya
Published: January 2025

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems have truly transformed how businesses operate. By bringing various functions together into a single platform, they enhance efficiency and provide valuable insights for strategic decision-making. One notable example is Oracle NetSuite, a cloud-based ERP solution that has the potential to significantly improve both business performance and sustainability. In this study, we delve into how Oracle NetSuite ERP boosts operational performance in several ways. It increases efficiency, enables real-time data analytics, and streamlines processes. Additionally, it plays a vital role in promoting sustainability through better resource management, adherence to environmental regulations, and a commitment to corporate social responsibility (CSR). To provide a comprehensive view, we used a mixed-methods approach, incorporating case studies, surveys, and secondary data to evaluate the dual benefits of this ERP system. Our findings indicate that Oracle NetSuite not only enhances financial and operational outcomes but also helps businesses align with modern sustainability objectives. To wrap up, we offer strategic recommendations for organizations looking to harness the power of ERP systems as they pursue a more competitive edge while contributing to a sustainable future.
Post-Memory and Family Bonds: Trauma Transmission in the Orphan Train Narrative
Authors: Ulfah Helmatun Fauza
Published: January 2025

The concept of post-memory, introduced by Marianne Hirsch, offers a framework for understanding how collective memory is transmitted across generations. This study examines intergenerational trauma through a qualitative descriptive analysis of Christina Baker Klein's novel Orphan Train. It focuses on Vivian Daly’s traumatic experiences as an orphan train rider and their impact on her identity and familial memory. The research aims to explore how Vivian’s past shapes her understanding of her history, her role within her family narrative, and how family narratives and inherited objects contribute to preserving memory and transmitting trauma intergenerationally. Findings reveal that family narratives and objects play a critical role in maintaining memory and shaping familial identity. These elements not only preserve individual experiences but also act as conduits for transmitting collective trauma across generations. Contextually, this study highlights the broader relevance of post-memory in social situations such as migration or cultural conflict, where trauma influence’s identity formation and community ties. By situating its findings within the discourse on collective memory and trauma, this research contributes to understanding how personal and familial histories intersect to shape intergenerational identities. This study underscores the importance of considering intergenerational trauma in analysing collective memory processes.
Keywords: Collective Memory; Family Narratives; Intergenerational Trauma; Post-Memory
Pengaruh Baby Blues pada Interaksi Ibu dan Kesejahteraan Emosional Anak
Authors: Koenarso Dyah Ageng Pramesty , Fajarwati Ayu , Sari Annisa Herlida
Published: January 2025

This article explores the impact of Baby blues on the emotional well-being of young children, focusing on how this condition affects emotional attachment and the quality of interaction between mother and child. Baby blues is a common condition experienced by mothers postpartum and can negatively influence family dynamics, particularly in child-rearing. This study occupies a significant position in the discourse of child developmental psychology by highlighting the often-overlooked emotional impact of Baby blues on children. Using a qualitative method with in-depth interviews of ten mothers who experienced Baby blues, this research employs attachment theory to analyze the collected data. The findings reveal that children of mothers with Baby blues tend to experience emotional issues such as anxiety, insecurity, and stress, which correlate with decreased interaction quality and emotional distance between mother and child. The conclusion of this study underscores the importance of early intervention and strong social support for mothers experiencing Baby blues, as well as the development of holistic strategies to minimize the negative impact on the emotional well-being of children. These findings contribute significantly to the development of policies and interventions aimed at supporting the emotional well-being of young children in families affected by Baby blues.
Keywords: Baby blues; Child Emotional Well-Being; Early Intervention; Mother-Child Interaction; Social Support
Chitosan nanoparticles as potential antimicrobial coating
Authors: Peršin Fratnik Zdenka , Maver Uroš , Kolar Metod , Šauperl Olivera , Fras Zemljič Lidija , Vihar Boštjan
Published: January 2025

Purpose: To evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of chitosan nanoparticles in comparison to a chitosan solution, as well as to assess their practical application on medical textile materials. 
Methods: Dispersions of nanoparticles with different weight fractions of chitosan were prepared. An optimal chitosan nanoparticle system for textile material application was identified based on analyses of charge, particle size, changes in surface charge (zeta potential), concentration of free amine groups (polyelectrolyte titration), morphology, and antimicrobial properties. The effect of the nanoparticles dispersion application compared to the chitosan solution was determined using the ASTM E2149-01 antimicrobial test with Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria and a fungus (Candida albicans). 
Results: More effective application of chitosan was noted with the incorporation of chitosan nanoparticles. Applying chitosan on the inside and outside of the functional material enhanced the specific surface area and improved the accessibility of the chitosan coatings. Applying chitosan nanoparticles provided effective antimicrobial protection against all three microorganisms tested. 
Conclusions: Chitosan deposition in the form of nanoparticles compared in form of solution, offered better antimicrobial protection. Such functionalised material presents a promising application in medical textile materials.
A narrative review of ADME testing platforms
Authors: Maver Tina , Vihar Boštjan , Maver Uroš
Published: January 2025

Background: Significant progress has been made in absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion (ADME) models, but the creation of platforms that reduce animal testing and research costs is still challenging. The increasing complexity of pharmacokinetic interactions underscores the need for reliable, reproducible ADME models, which are essential for drug development and safety to prevent serious clinical complications and hospitalizations.
Aims: This narrative review aimed to discuss multi-organ, function-based ADME platforms and evaluate recent developments in microphysiological systems (MPS) emphasizing functional accuracy.
Methods: We evaluated MPS models developed to improve the relevance of in vitro drug interaction studies by emphasizing critical tissue function over detailed anatomical mimicry. We also highlighted the strengths and limitations of these platforms in replicating the full complexity and functionality of native tissues.
Results: Despite making progress in structural replication, MPS models often lack the functional fidelity required for accurate drug testing. Models that emphasize functionality rather than complex structural details show promise in producing results relevant to humans, thus providing an alternative to animal testing.
Conclusions: A shift in focus from anatomical complexity to mimicking key tissue functions is required to fully realize the potential of MPS in ADME studies. Addressing the current limitations of biomedical engineering in this way may support the ethical, scientific, and regulatory goals of preclinical research. MPS can bridge the gap between traditional models and human-relevant systems by emphasizing functional accuracy, thus increasing the translational value of ADME studies and contributing to effective, ethical drug discovery.
Perception of patient-centered care in three fertility clinics: influence of domestic or cross-border treatment and reimbursement policy
Authors: Vlaisavljević Veljko , Kovačič Borut
Published: January 2025

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the experience of patients undergoing patient-centered care (PCC) at three fertility clinics in Southeastern Europe in terms of the treatment cost coverage and quality of care provided. 
Methods: Couples who underwent assisted reproductive technology (ART) were divided into three groups: (i) Slovenian patients covered under the national insurance programme; (ii) self-pay patients receiving treatment in their country of origin/a clinic abroad; and (iii) cross-border self-pay patients receiving treatment in Maribor, Slovenia.
A standardized questionnaire, the “Patient Centeredness Questionnaire  on Infertility Treatment (PCQ-Infertility)”, was translated into each patient’s native language and administered to 400 couples, of whom 78% completed it. For each of the three patient groups, the mean scores of the PCC domains and indicators were calculated. These data were then used for the score gap analysis.
Results: Overall, the domain assessing the competence level of medical staff produced the biggest score domain gap (SDG) in the group of cross-border, self-pay patients, while the smallest score was observed for the health organization domain in the group of domestic patients with reimbursed cycles. In our research, the indicator corresponding to information about any possible side-effects of the prescribed medication produced the smallest score indicator gap (SIG), while the biggest SIG was observed for staff members assigned to be contacted for questions at any time.
Conclusion: The results did not show that the financing method of ART treatment affected patient experiences of PCC. Although the competence of the medical staff is rated highly, domestic patients with reimbursed ART cycles continue to experience a lack of PCC in the health organization domain.
Operaciones de guerra urbana en el ciclo de megaeventos en Río de Janeiro (2007-2016)
Authors: Rodríguez David Barrios
Published: January 2025

El artículo aborda el ciclo de megaeventos a partir de la incorporación de elementos semánticos y operacionales de la estrategia militar de Guerra Irregular, a través de la intervención de las Fuerzas Armadas brasileñas en Rio de Janeiro y para la implantación de las Unidades de Policía Pacificadora (UPP). Teniendo como respaldo el uso de fuentes primarias del Departamento de Defensa (DOD) y el Estado Mayor Conjunto de Estados Unidos se caracteriza la Guerra Irregular. En un segundo momento y a partir de artículos de militares que participaron en Operaciones de guerra urbana aparecidos en la revista del Ejército de Estados Unidos Military Review, se corrobora la hipótesis sobre el empleo de estrategias de guerra en contextos urbanos como alternativa disponible para las élites políticas y económicas con objetivos de control social.
CIÊNCIA E SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA: precauções quanto ao conceito de “segurança pública baseada em evidências”
Authors: Duarte Anderson , França Fábio
Published: January 2025

Partindo do conceito de “segurança pública baseada em evidências” (SBPE), o trabalho inicia um debate interdisciplinar sobre suas limitações e possibilidades, aprofundando aspectos epistemológicos no campo da segurança pública. A pesquisa buscou responder à seguinte questão: quais precauções devem ser tomadas ao implantar uma política orientada pela SBPE? Para respondê-la, realiza uma revisão de bibliografia, a fim de compreender as origens do conceito, as suas condições de emergência no contexto brasileiro e as críticas já existentes sobre conceitos semelhantes em outros campos do saber. Conclui que a SBPE privilegia pesquisas quantitativas como “evidências”, diminuindo a importância de abordagens qualitativas. Assim, recomenda maior reflexão sobre as bases teórico-metodológicas e éticas do fazer científico, tendo em vista os desafios da segurança pública.
Aspects of improving metrological characteristics of a sensor based on palladium nanoparticles for methionine determination
Authors: Gorchakov Eduard V. , Perevezentseva Darya O. , Vaitulevich Elena A. , Dubinina Oksana V.
Published: January 2025

Relevance. The need to accurately determine the concentration of methionine in various biogeochemical samples. This amino acid serves as a precursor for the biosynthesis of proteins and peptides, as well as a donor of methyl groups, making it an essential participant in numerous biochemical processes, including cysteine synthesis. Additionally, methionine can be found in certain proteins, such as casein. Methionine is a widely used pharmacological drug that has a lipotropic effect and a positive impact on liver function. It enhances the synthesis of phospholipids, choline, and lecithin, as well as having an antidepressant effect due to its s-adenosylmethionine content. It is also a radioprotector and can be used in cancer diagnosis. Methionine is commonly used as an amino acid supplement in poultry and cattle feed, as well as in sports nutrition and medicine. Aim. To investigate the dependence of the metrological characteristics of electrochemical sensors for methionine on the morphological properties of palladium nanoparticles and the composition of the low-molecular reducing agents used for their synthesis. Methods. Transmission electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry. Results and conclusions. The paper considers the effect of the reducing agent nature on the morphological characteristics of palladium nanoparticles and the composition of their micelles. Sodium borohydride, sodium citrate, and a mixture of borohydride and sodium citrate were used as reducing agents. All the synthesized nanoparticles have a cubic face-centered crystal cell. The composition of the micelles depends on the reducing properties of the reagents used. The reasons for the improved metrological characteristics of methionine determination on an electrochemical sensor based on palladium nanoparticles obtained using sodium citrate are associated with the growth of a shell on the nanoparticle core material, forming a heterostructure.
Determination of sedimentation conditions of sandy rocks when calculating boron content from logging data
Authors: Khodorov Ivan S. , Melnik Igor A.
Published: January 2025

Relevance. Determination of sedimentation conditions of sandy reservoir rocks is an important part in the search for new deposits and in effective development of hydrocarbon fields. Boron content in sandstones allows establishing the palaeosalinity of the sedimentation environment. There are many different methods for determining boron concentration from cores, but often the quality of the rock material extracted from the well does not allow such studies to be carried out, or the core from the required interval has not been sampled at all. Therefore, there is a need for alternative techniques to study boron content in reservoirs. Aim. Determination of relative boron content in sandstones of the Yaronga Formation of one of the fields of the Yamal Peninsula based on the data of geophysical well surveys and identification of the regularities of its accumulation taking into account the facies settings identified using classical methods. Methods. Determination of geochemical parameters from the data of geophysical well surveys, identification of electrofacial patterns using the methodology of V.S. Muromtsev, classical methods of determining the conditions of sedimentation from the data of core and geophysical well surveys. Results and conclusions. The relative boron content in terrigenous reservoirs has been determined only on the basis of geophysical well studies. The authors have established the facies conditions of sedimentation of rocks in the study area and revealed the relationship between boron concentration in sandstones and conditions of their sedimentation. It was found that the intensity of boron accumulation in terrigenous reservoirs is mainly related to the hydrodynamic activity of the sedimentation environment, taking into account the palaeosalinity of the basin. The relative boron content when superimposed on the facies map allows us to obtain additional information not contradicting that obtained using traditional methods.
Kariyer İyi Oluş Ölçeğinin Türkçeye Uyarlanması: Geçerlilik ve Güvenirlik Analizi
Authors: Yeşiltaş Meryem Derya
Published: January 2025

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Coetzee vd. (2021) tarafından geliştirilen, 14 ifadeden ve üç boyuttan oluşan “kariyer iyi oluş ölçeğinin” Türkçeye uyarlanması, geçerlilik ve güvenirliğinin test edilmesidir. Ölçeğin geçerlilik ve güvenirliğini incelemek amacıyla açıklayıcı faktör analizi, doğrulayıcı faktör analizi, Cronbach alfa güvenirlik testi, normallik testi, birleşme ve ayrışma geçerliliği analizleri ile cinsiyete göre ölçüm değişmezliği testleri uygulanmıştır. Çalışmanın örneklemi, Adana ve Osmaniye illerindeki devlet okullarında görev yapan 415 öğretmenden oluşmaktadır. Açıklayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizlerinin sonuçları, ölçeğin üç boyutlu ve 14 ifadeden oluşan yapısının desteklendiğini ve hem birleşme hem de ayrışma geçerliğinin sağlandığını ortaya koymuştur. Cinsiyet gruplarında ölçüm değişmezliğini incelemek için şekilsel, metrik, skalar ve hata değişmezlik modelleri test edilmiştir. Bulgular; ölçeğin şekilsel, metrik, skalar ve hata değişmezliklerini sağlayarak tam ölçme değişmezliğine sahip olduğunu ve kadın ile erkek katılımcıların ölçeğin içeriğini benzer şekilde anlamlandırdığını göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak, kariyer iyi oluş ölçeğinin çok boyutlu yapısının Türkiye bağlamında iyi psikometrik özelliklere sahip, geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçüm aracı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ölçeğin hem araştırmacılar hem de kariyer danışmanları ve insan kaynakları uzmanları gibi uygulayıcılar tarafından güvenilir ve geçerli bir araç olarak kullanılabileceği belirlenmiştir.
Depositional-process controls on chemofacies in mixed-lithology submarine lobe deposits: a high-resolution core study from the Permian Wolfcamp XY Formation, Delaware Basin, Texas, U.S.A.
Authors: Putri Shaskia Herida , Jobe Zane , Melick Jesse , Wood Lesli , French Marsha
Published: January 2025

Mixed siliciclastic–carbonate mudrocks have variable depositional processes and diagenetic pathways, creating mineralogical complexity and thus difficulty in characterizing reservoir quality using typical subsurface datasets (e.g., well logs) as well as conventional visual core-description techniques. Core-based X-ray fluorescence (XRF) data quantifies subtle elemental variations that can aid in interpreting fine-scale sedimentological packages and variations in reservoir-property distribution. XRF data has proven to be particularly useful for interpreting and defining the depositional processes of muddy, thin-bedded, mixed-lithology successions like the Wolfcamp and Bone Spring formations of the Delaware Basin, Texas, USA. These units consist of early to middle Permian siliciclastic and carbonate deep-marine deposits that form productive unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs. However, the spatial and temporal variability in depositional processes and diagenetic evolution leads to difficulty in predicting reservoir presence and quality. Several studies have utilized core-based XRF data for this purpose, but not at a resolution sufficient to capture the true heterogeneity of these thin-bedded deposits.

Using continuous, high-resolution (1 cm, 0.39 inch) X-ray fluorescence data from 66 m (218 feet) of core and associated geomechanical and well-log data from the Wolfcamp XY interval, this study demonstrates that chemofacies derived using unsupervised machine learning correlate with event-bed interpretations and reservoir-property distribution. Unsupervised k-means clustering and principal-component analysis on 17 XRF-derived elemental concentrations derive four chemofacies that characterize geochemical heterogeneity: 1) calcareous, 2) detrital, 3) oxic–suboxic argillaceous, and 4) anoxic argillaceous. The mineralogy and paragenesis of these chemofacies are validated using scanning-electron microscopy (SEM) and thin-section petrography. Vertical variations in XRF-based chemofacies accurately represent depositional facies changes and hybrid-event-bed boundaries, often matching cm-by-cm the visually-described lithofacies. We utilize this detailed dataset to construct a predictive chemofacies model linking variable sediment routing from carbonate and siliciclastic sources and various depositional processes to reservoir properties. This research also demonstrates that reservoir properties (e.g., total organic carbon, porosity, permeability, water saturation) and geomechanical response (brittleness and unconfined compressive strength) vary with chemofacies, with argillaceous facies generally being less brittle but having higher porosity. These results can be used for log-based reservoir prediction of the Wolfcamp and Bone Spring formations in the Permian Basin, as well as for other mixed siliciclastic–carbonate deep-water reservoirs around the world.
Sliding Gaussian ball adaptive growth: point cloud-based iterative algorithm for large-scale 3D photoacoustic imaging
Authors: Li Changhui , Yao Yao , Li Shuang , Wang Yibing , Gao Jian , Kim Chulhong , Choi Seongwook , Zhang Yu , Chen Qian
Published: January 2025

Large-scale 3D photoacoustic (PA) imaging has become increasingly important for both clinical and pre-clinical applications. Limited by cost and system complexity, only systems with sparsely-distributed sensors can be widely implemented, which desires advanced reconstruction algorithms to reduce artifacts. However, high computing memory and time consumption of traditional iterative reconstruction (IR) algorithms is practically unacceptable for large-scale 3D PA imaging. Here, we propose a point cloud-based IR algorithm that reduces memory consumption by several orders, wherein the 3D PA scene is modeled as a series of Gaussian-distributed spherical sources stored in form of point cloud. During the IR process, not only are properties of each Gaussian source, including its peak intensity (initial pressure value), standard deviation (size) and mean (position) continuously optimized, but also each Gaussian source itself adaptively undergoes destroying, splitting, and duplication along the gradient direction. This method, named the sliding Gaussian ball adaptive growth (SlingBAG) algorithm, enables high-quality large-scale 3D PA reconstruction with fast iteration and extremely low memory usage. We validated SlingBAG algorithm in both simulation study and in vivo animal experiments.
Iron-catalyzed carbene and carbene radical cascade reactions: Mechanistic study and synthetic applications
Authors: Xu Xinfang , Zhang Xinke , Yao Minghan , Chen Kewei , Weng Yuecheng , Ehlers Andreas , de Bruin Bas
Published: January 2025

Transition metal-catalyzed carbene transfer reactions are some of the most widely used methods that facilitate a range of otherwise inaccessible chemistry. However, these advantages generally promoted by precious metal catalysts, using inexpensive and less toxic iron complexes as catalysts is under development. Moreover, surprisingly little is known about the mechanistic aspects, in particular the structures of these intermediates. Herein, we report an iron-catalyzed cascade reaction of alkyne-tethered diazo compounds, offering an efficient approach for the synthesis of carbocyclic molecules with structural diversity and flexibility under mild conditions. Control experiments and density functional theory calculations unambiguously reveal two distinct reaction pathways catalyzed by either Fe(II) or Fe(III) porphyrin complexes, which involves carbene and carbene radical intermediates, respectively. The structure of the key vinyl iron carbene intermediate has been determined by X-ray diffraction. The synthetic utility has been demonstrated by gram-scale preparation and synthesis of poly-substituted arenes via a streamlined one-pot process.