bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the atmospheric boundary layer and its influence on regional air quality over the Pearl River delta
Authors: Wu M. , Wu D. , Fan Q. , Wang B. M. , Li H. W. , Fan S. J.
Published: March 2013

Abstract. To study the structure of atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) and its influence on regional air quality over the Pearl River delta (PRD), two ABL intensive observations were conducted at Panyu (urban station) and Xinken (non-urban station, near estuary) of PRD during October 2004 and July 2006, respectively. Based on the ABL intensive observation data analysis, the typical weather condition type associated with poor air quality over PRD could be summarized into two kinds: the warmed period before cold front (WPBCF) and the subsidence period controlled by tropical cyclone (SPCTC). Two typical polluted cases (affected by WPBCF and SPCTC, respectively) and one clean (not-polluted) case were chosen for detail analysis. It was found that the continuously low or calm ground wind would lead to pollutant accumulation. The local circulation, such as sea–land breezes and heat–island circulation, played an important role in these polluted cases. The recirculation was significant in polluted cases; steady transport occurred in the clean case. Ventilation index (VI) was quite different between polluted cases and the clean case: in WPBCF cases, the peak VI was from 184 to 3555 m2 s−1; on SPCTC days, the peak VI was from 1066 to 4363 m2 s−1; on the clean day, the peak VI was 10 885 m2 s−1 and much larger than all polluted cases. The 24-h average VI on polluted days was from 169 to 2858 m2 s−1 and also much smaller than that of the clean day. VI is a good reference index for pollution judgment. The peak mixing heights were smaller than 700 m in WPBCF cases, and were smaller than 800 m in SPCTC cases. During WPBCF polluted case, only surface inversion layer appeared. In the period of land breeze, surface inversion layer height was about 50 m, but in the period of sea breeze, surface inversion layer height would increase, and reach the maximum height, which was about 600 m. During SPCTC polluted case, there were several inversion layers that appeared at different heights. The lowest was about 50 m, the highest about 800 m, with the vertical temperature profile quite complex.
HDO/H2O ratio retrievals from GOSAT
Authors: Boesch H. , Deutscher N. M. , Warneke T. , Byckling K. , Cogan A. J. , Griffith D. W. T. , Notholt J. , Parker R. J. , Wang Z.
Published: March 2013

Abstract. We report a new shortwave infrared (SWIR) retrieval of the column-averaged HDO/H2O ratio from the Japanese Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT). From synthetic simulation studies, we have estimated that the inferred δD values will typically have random errors between 20‰ (desert surface and 30° solar zenith angle) and 120‰ (conifer surface and 60° solar zenith angle). We find that the retrieval will have a small but significant sensitivity to the presence of cirrus clouds, the HDO a priori profile shape and atmospheric temperature, which has the potential of introducing some regional-scale biases in the retrieval. From comparisons to ground-based column observations from the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON), we find differences between δD from GOSAT and TCCON of around −30‰ for northern hemispheric sites which increase up to −70‰ for Australian sites. The bias for the Australian sites significantly reduces when decreasing the spatial co-location criteria, which shows that spatial averaging contributes to the observed differences over Australia. The GOSAT retrievals allow mapping the global distribution of δD and its variations with season, and we find in our global GOSAT retrievals the expected strong latitudinal gradients with significant enhancements over the tropics. The comparisons to the ground-based TCCON network and the results of the global retrieval are very encouraging, and they show that δD retrieved from GOSAT should be a useful product that can be used to complement datasets from thermal-infrared sounder and ground-based networks and to extend the δD dataset from SWIR retrievals established from the recently ended SCIAMACHY mission.
Simulating the vegetation response in western Europe to abrupt climate changes under glacial background conditions
Authors: Woillez M.-N. , Kageyama M. , Combourieu-Nebout N. , Krinner G.
Published: March 2013

Abstract. The last glacial period has been punctuated by two types of abrupt climatic events, the Dansgaard–Oeschger (DO) and Heinrich (HE) events. These events, recorded in Greenland ice and in marine sediments, involved changes in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and led to major changes in the terrestrial biosphere. Here we use the dynamical global vegetation model ORCHIDEE to simulate the response of vegetation to abrupt changes in the AMOC strength. We force ORCHIDEE offline with outputs from the IPSL_CM4 general circulation model, in which the AMOC is forced to change by adding freshwater fluxes in the North Atlantic. We investigate the impact of a collapse and recovery of the AMOC, at different rates, and focus on Western Europe, where many pollen records are available for comparison. The impact of an AMOC collapse on the European mean temperatures and precipitations simulated by the GCM is relatively small but sufficient to drive an important regression of forests and expansion of grasses in ORCHIDEE, in qualitative agreement with pollen data for an HE event. On the contrary, a run with a rapid shift of the AMOC to a hyperactive state of 30 Sv, mimicking the warming phase of a DO event, does not exhibit a strong impact on the European vegetation compared to the glacial control state. For our model, simulating the impact of an HE event thus appears easier than simulating the abrupt transition towards the interstadial phase of a DO. For both a collapse or a recovery of the AMOC, the vegetation starts to respond to climatic changes immediately but reaches equilibrium about 200 yr after the climate equilibrates, suggesting a possible bias in the climatic reconstructions based on pollen records, which assume equilibrium between climate and vegetation. However, our study does not take into account vegetation feedbacks on the atmosphere.
Climate-vegetation-soil interactions and long-term hydrologic partitioning: signatures of catchment co-evolution
Authors: Troch P. A. , Carrillo G. , Sivapalan M. , Wagener T. , Sawicz K.
Published: March 2013

Abstract. Catchment hydrologic partitioning, regional vegetation composition and soil properties are strongly affected by climate, but the effects of climate-vegetation-soil interactions on river basin water balance are still poorly understood. Here we use a physically-based hydrologic model separately parameterized in 12 US catchments across a climate gradient to decouple the impact of climate and landscape properties to gain insight into the role of climate-vegetation-soil interactions in long-term hydrologic partitioning. The 12 catchment models (with different parameterizations) are subjected to the 12 different climate forcings, resulting in 144 10-yr model simulations. The results are analyzed per catchment (one catchment model subjected to 12 climates) and per climate (one climate filtered by 12 different model parameterization), and compared to water balance predictions based on Budyko's hypothesis (E/P = φ (EP/P); E: evaporation, P: precipitation, EP: potential evaporation). We find significant anti-correlation between average deviations of the evaporation index (E/P) computed per catchment vs. per climate, compared to that predicted by Budyko. Catchments that on average produce more E/P have developed in climates that on average produce less E/P, when compared to Budyko's prediction. Water and energy seasonality could not explain these observations, confirming previous results reported by Potter et al. (2005). Next, we analyze which model (i.e., landscape filter) characteristics explain the catchment's tendency to produce more or less E/P. We find that the time scale that controls perched aquifer storage release explains the observed trend. This time scale combines several geomorphologic and hydraulic soil properties. Catchments with relatively longer aquifer storage release time scales produce significantly more E/P. Vegetation in these catchments have longer access to this additional groundwater source and thus are less prone to water stress. Further analysis reveals that climates that give rise to more (less) E/P are associated with catchments that have vegetation with less (more) efficient water use parameters. In particular, the climates with tendency to produce more E/P have catchments that have lower % root fraction and less light use efficiency. Our results suggest that there exists strong interactions between climate, vegetation and soil properties that lead to specific hydrologic partitioning at the catchment scale. This co-evolution of catchment vegetation and soils with climate needs to be further explored to improve our capabilities to predict hydrologic partitioning in ungaged basins.
Application of soil quality indices to assess the status of agricultural soils irrigated with treated wastewaters
Authors: Morugán-Coronado A. , Arcenegui V. , García-Orenes F. , Mataix-Solera J. , Mataix-Beneyto J.
Published: March 2013

Abstract. The supply of water is limited in some parts of the Mediterranean region, such as southeastern Spain. The use of treated wastewater for the irrigation of agricultural soils is an alternative to using better-quality water, especially in semi-arid regions. On the other hand, this practice can modify some soil properties, change their relationships and influence soil quality. In this work two soil quality indices were used to evaluate the effects of irrigation with treated wastewater in soils. The indices were developed studying different soil properties in undisturbed soils in SE Spain, and the relationships between soil parameters were established using multiple linear regressions. These indices represent the balance reached among properties in "steady state" soils. This study was carried out in four study sites from SE Spain irrigated with wastewater, including four study sites. The results showed slight changes in some soil properties as a consequence of irrigation with wastewater, the obtained levels not being dangerous for agricultural soils, and in some cases they could be considered as positive from an agronomical point of view. In one of the study sites, and as a consequence of the low quality wastewater used, a relevant increase in soil organic matter content was observed, as well as modifications in most of the soil properties. The application of soil quality indices indicated that all the soils of study sites are in a state of disequilibrium regarding the relationships between properties independent of the type of water used. However, there were no relevant differences in the soil quality indices between soils irrigated with wastewater with respect to their control sites for all except one of the sites, which corresponds to the site where low quality wastewater was used.
Investigating the dynamics of bulk snow density in dry and wet conditions using a one-dimensional model
Authors: De Michele C. , Avanzi F. , Ghezzi A. , Jommi C.
Published: March 2013

Abstract. The snowpack is a complicated multiphase mixture with mechanical, hydraulic, and thermal properties highly variable during the year in response to climatic forcings. Bulk density is a macroscopic property of the snowpack used, together with snow depth, to quantify the water stored. In seasonal snowpacks, the bulk density is characterized by a strongly non-linear behaviour due to the occurrence of both dry and wet conditions. In the literature, bulk snow density estimates are obtained principally with multiple regressions, and snowpack models have put the attention principally on the snow depth and snow water equivalent. Here a one-dimensional model for the temporal dynamics of the snowpack, with particular attention to the bulk snow density, has been proposed, accounting for both dry and wet conditions. The model represents the snowpack as a two-constituent mixture: a dry part including ice structure, and air; and a wet part constituted by liquid water. It describes the dynamics of three variables: the depth and density of the dry part and the depth of liquid water. The model has been calibrated and validated against hourly data registered at three SNOTEL stations, western US, with mean values of the Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient ≈0.73–0.97 in the validation period.
Erchempert, a Reluctant Fustigator of His People: History and Ethnic Pride in Southern Italy at the End of the Ninth Century
Authors: Berto Luigi Andrea
Published: March 2013

At the end of the ninth century, the Cassinese monk Erchempert composed a chronicle (ca. 774–889) blaming the southern Italian Lombard leaders for recent Lombard defeats. Erchempert hoped that future generations might learn from their forebears' folly. This article analyzes the reasons why, in the wake of his monastery's destruction by Muslim raiders, Erchempert did not express a generalized criticism toward all the elites of his homeland. The article also demonstrates that Erchempert's attachment to his people and his pride in being Lombard sometimes led him to stray from his intended narrative of Lombard failures and catastrophes.
Ethnic Identification, Food, and Depression: Louise DeSalvo's Memoirs and the Female Italian American Experience
Authors: Patrona Theodora
Published: March 2013

This article discusses Louise DeSalvo's memoirs, Vertigo and Crazy in the Kitchen, examining DeSalvo's self-definition through ethnic cuisine. Specifically, this article explores the interrelationships among ethnic identification, culinary practice, and female self-representation within the context of DeSalvo's turbulent Italian American family. By shedding light on her painful experiences, DeSalvo projects a powerful ethnic female figure, one who is ultimately strengthened by the difficulties and challenges she has endured.
Children, education and migration: Win-win policy responses for codevelopment
Authors: Cortina Jeronimo
Published: March 2013

Among the many challenges that the world faces today, one is of particular relevance to
international migration and development. The world faces significant demographic changes
affecting the future developmental prospects of both developed and less developed countries.
More developed countries are simultaneously facing low fertility rates and ageing populations,
while less developed countries, in contrast, are experiencing higher birth rates and a significant
“youth bulge.”

The fiscal, social, economic and political implications of these imbalances are obvious for
both developed and less developed countries, while the policy interventions to attenuate these
impacts, however, are not so obvious. More developed countries, for instance could increase
productivity levels, significantly increase the age of retirement and eligibility for benefits and
could potentially use other tax revenues to fund benefits. For less developed countries the policy
choices are basically reduced to interventions seeking to increase the rate of economic growth
in order to incorporate younger generations into the labour market and to expand the state’s
capacities to provide basic social services such as health and education.

One of the single most accommodative policies that could potentially address these
challenges is international migration. On average, migrants tend to be young people seeking
for the most part better economic prospects to support their families. Migrants moving from
countries with high unemployment rates, and dire prospects to better their lives, to countries
with an increasing ageing population and low fertility rates could not only balance out these
demographic imbalances but also improve the developmental prospects of both developed and
less developed countries.
Strengthening respect for family life and family unity in migration policy-making
Authors: Bingham John K.
Published: March 2013

Civil society, international organizations and governments have invested much in looking at
issues of feminization of migration (i.e., women migrants), child migrants, migrant workers, etc.
While absolutely proper subjects for urgent attention and change, too much of the discussion
of immigration has become atomized, neglecting the further reality that these men, women and
children are also members of families split across borders. International migration separates
untold millions of families—for years, for decades, some forever.
Pragmatic Aesthetics and the Autistic Artist
Authors: Hunter Kyle , Barnbaum Deborah
Published: March 2013

There are many prominent examples of artists with autism. However, even when confronted with evidence of these accomplished autistic savants, pragmatic aesthetic theories cannot adequately account for the work of these accomplished artists as artists. This article first examines the nature of autism and explores a prominent psychological theory that purports to explain autistic symptoms. This prominent theory, the theory of mind thesis, holds that autistic symptoms are the result of the failure of persons with autism to make certain types of secondorder propositional attitude attributions. Second, the article describes the work of three visual artists with autism. There can be no doubt that these individuals are in fact artists. Third, the article examines pragmatic aesthetic theory and demonstrates why the pragmatic theory fails to adequately account for the accomplishment of autistic artists. The unique psychological deficits that characterize autism present a challenge to pragmatic aesthetic theories in particular. The conclusion is that the pragmatic theory’s inability to accommodate the artist autistic artist is a profound shortcoming. A revision of the pragmatic theory is called for, as is embracing of the development of the special talents of persons with autism.
Expectations and desires of palliative health care personnel concerning their future work culture
Authors: Andre Beate , Sjøvold Endre , Holmemo Marte , Rannestad Toril , Ringdal Gerd I.
Published: March 2013

Introduction: Exploring the work culture of health care personnel is important in order to understand the challenges they face and the issues they experience. Believing in and shaping their futures indicates a working culture influenced by promoting factors. The aims of this study were to explore how health care workers at a Palliative Medicine Unit perceive their future work culture would be and whether they perceive that their expectations and desires will be fulfilled. Design: A correlational study. Methods: Health care personnel, physicians, nurses, physiotherapists, and others (N = 26) at a PMU in Norway completed a questionnaire according to the two perspectives, expectations (future) and desire (wish). The findings in these two perspectives were compared. The method seeks to explore what aspects dominate the particular work culture and identifying challenges, limitations, and opportunities. The findings were also compared with a reference group of 347 ratings of well-functioning Norwegian organizations, named the “Norwegian Norm”. Results: The findings for the wish perspective showed significant (p<0.05; p<0.01) higher rates for nurturing and synergy dimensions and significant lower rates (p>0.05; p>0.05) for opposition and control dimensions than the findings for the future perspective. Conclusions: It appears that the health care personnel wish for changes that they don’t believe they will achieve. The changes the respondents wish for are fewer negative work culture qualities, such as assertiveness and resignation, and more positive work culture qualities, such as engagement and empathy. Changes must be made to give the health care personnel improved working conditions and empowerment in order to change their situations to reflect what they wish for. The present findings can give an indication as to the direction that research ought to follow in subsequent studies.
Editorial: Linking Claims and Evidence
Authors: Smith Margaret S.
Published: March 2013

Building a trustworthy knowledge base for mathematics teacher education–the mission of Mathematics Teacher Educator–requires that manuscripts convey more than stories of practice, however compelling. Manuscripts must include evidence of the effectiveness of the intervention being described beyond anecdotal claims or personal intuitions. As the Editorial Panel articulated in the call for manuscripts, “the nature of evidence in a practitioner journal is different from that in a research journal, but evidence is still critically important to ensuring the scholarly nature of the journal. Thus, authors must go beyond simply describing innovations to providing evidence of their effectiveness. Note that effectiveness implies that something is better and not just different as a result of the innovation.” Hence, claims must be supported by evidence. In this editorial, I discuss the nature of evidence appropriate for articles in Mathematics Teacher Educator
(Developing) Teacher Discourse Moves: A Framework for Professional Development
Authors: Herbel-Eisenmann Beth A. , Steele Michael D. , Cirillo Michelle
Published: March 2013

We describe our ongoing efforts to design materials for supporting secondary mathematics teachers in using a set of Teacher Discourse Moves purposefully in order to develop classroom discourse that is both productive and powerful for students' learning. We focus on secondary mathematics classroom discourse because mathematical language and meanings get increasingly complex beginning in middle school, and most discourse-related work in mathematics education has focused on elementary school classrooms. We make explicit both the concepts we use and the translation of these theoretical concepts into ideas useful for practice. This article contributes to ongoing discussions about making visible the work of developing research-based professional development materials.
La religión: un silencio de las R/relaciones I/internacionales. Causas de un exilio académico y desafíos teóricos de un “retorno” forzado
Authors: Iranzo Dosdad Ángela
Published: March 2013

Since 9/11, with few exceptions, the theorists of International Relations started to include religion into their explanations of international politics, which is an interesting challenge for a discipline built on modern and secular foundations such as the state, sovereignty, national identity or instrumental rationality. Therefore, the main purpose of this article is to explain the causes why religion has been until now a “silence” in the discipline. Following this explanation the article analyzes in depth whether the inclusion of religion in the explanations of International Relations beyond the primordialist and instrumentalist approaches needs a “reformist” or “revolutionary” change in the theoretical apparatus of the discipline.
¡El populismo en campaña! Discursos televisivos en candidatos presidenciales de la Región Andina (2005-2006)
Authors: Patriau Enrique
Published: March 2013

Populism, a characteristic of politics in Latin America, is explained and studied through diverse perspectives. One of these perspectives consists of understanding populism as a type of political speech. In this regard, this work proposes a typology of populist speech and a methodology for its analysis. In particular, this typology will be applied to the televised publicity which diverse Andean leaders incorporated as part of their respective presidential campaigns presented between the years 2005 and 2006 in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela.
The Five‐Factor Model of Impulsivity‐Like Traits and Emotional Lability in Aggressive Behavior
Authors: Dvorak Robert D. , Pearson Matthew R. , Kuvaas Nicholas J.
Published: March 2013

Factors that increase automatic psychological processes may result in impulsive action and, consequently, aggressive behavior. The current cross‐sectional study examined the association between the five‐factor model of impulsivity‐like traits (negative urgency, positive urgency, premeditation, perseverance, and sensation seeking), emotional lability, and physically aggressive behaviors among college students (n = 481) in a negative binomial hurdle model. In the logistic portion of the model, emotional lability was related to a higher likelihood of engaging in aggressive acts in the past 6 months. The association between emotional lability and the likelihood of aggressive behavior was moderated by two impulsivity‐like traits: negative urgency and positive urgency. Specifically, emotional lability was related to engaging in aggressive acts among those with high negative urgency, and among those with low positive urgency. In the count portion of the model, emotional lability was uniquely related to the number of aggressive acts in the past 6 months. Our results indicate that emotional lability and facets of impulsivity interactively relate to engagement in aggressive behavior, suggesting that these variables be integrated into models of aggression. Aggr. Behav. 39 :222‐228, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Anthelminthic activity of the cyclotides (kalata B1 and B2) against schistosome parasites
Authors: Malagón David , Botterill Bonnie , Gray Darren J. , Lovas Erica , Duke Mary , Gray Christian , Kopp Steven R. , Knott Lyn M. , McManus Donald P. , Daly Norelle L. , Mulvenna Jason , Craik David J. , Jones Malcolm K.
Published: March 2013

The risk of reduced sensitivity of the human schistosomes to praziquantel has led to efforts to find new therapies. Here, the cyclotides kalata B1 (kB1), kalata B2 (kB2), MCoCC‐1, and MCoTI‐II, cyclic peptides extracted from plants and shown to be potent against nematodes and insects, were tested for antischistosome activity. In vitro assays showed that high concentrations (500–1000 μg/mL) of either kB1 or kB2 killed Schistosoma japonicum and Schistosoma mansoni adults within 5 min, whereas MCoTI‐II and MCoCC‐1 had no effect. Lethal concentrations to kill 50% of the population for kB2 was 15.5 ± 7.4 μg/mL at 1 h for male S. japonicum (Philippine strain). Males were more susceptible than females. kB2 showed higher antischistosome activity than kB1 and killing time was concentration‐dependent. Mode of action studies revealed that kB1 and 2 lysed the tegument of adult worms. Lysis of myofibrils was not demonstrated, but longitudinal and radial muscle fibers were distorted, an observation consistent with strong coiling of the parasites after drug exposure. A single dose of kB2 administered either orally or intravenously, reduced worm burdens in S. japonicum‐infected mice from 15% to 60%. However, treatment of S. mansoni‐infected mice did not result in reduction in worm burdens. Our studies show that kB2 acts as a promising antischistosomal against Philippine S. japonicum, and it or other cyclotides may be developed further as general anthelminthics. With thousands of cyclotides predicted to occur in plants, and the amenability of these peptides to combinatorial variation, there is potential for their exploitation as wide‐spectrum anthelminthics. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 100: 461–470, 2013.
Involvement of p38 MAPK in haemozoin‐dependent MMP‐9 enhancement in human monocytes
Authors: Khadjavi Amina , Valente Elena , Giribaldi Giuliana , Prato Mauro
Published: March 2013

The lipid moiety of natural haemozoin (nHZ, malarial pigment) was previously shown to enhance expression and release of human monocyte matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9), and a major role for 15‐(S,R)‐hydroxy‐6,8,11,13‐eicosatetraenoic acid (15‐HETE), a nHZ lipoperoxidation product, was proposed. Here, the underlying mechanisms were investigated, focusing on the involvement of mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Results showed that nHZ promoted either early or late p38 MAPK phosphorylation; however, nHZ did not modify basal phosphorylation/expression ratios of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase‐1/2 and c‐jun N‐terminal kinase‐1/2. 15‐HETE mimicked nHZ effects on p38 MAPK, whereas lipid‐free synthetic (s)HZ and delipidized (d)HZ did not. Consistently, both nHZ and 15‐HETE also promoted phosphorylation of MAPK‐activated protein kinase‐2, a known p38 MAPK substrate; such an effect was abolished by SB203580, a synthetic p38 MAPK inhibitor. SB203580 also abrogated nHZ‐dependent and 15‐HETE‐dependent enhancement of MMP‐9 mRNA and protein (latent and activated forms) levels in cell lysates and supernatants. Collectively, these data suggest that in human monocytes, nHZ and 15‐HETE upregulate MMP‐9 expression and secretion through activation of p38 MAPK pathway. The present work provides new evidence on mechanisms underlying MMP‐9 deregulation in malaria, which might be helpful to design new specific drugs for adjuvant therapy in complicated malaria. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
X‐Ray Imaging of SAPO‐34 Molecular Sieves at the Nanoscale: Influence of Steaming on the Methanol‐to‐Hydrocarbons Reaction
Authors: Aramburo Luis R. , Ruiz‐Martínez Javier , Sommer Linn , Arstad Bjørnar , Buitrago‐Sierra Robison , Sepúlveda‐Escribano Antonio , Zandbergen Henny W. , Olsbye Unni , de Groot Frank M. F. , Weckhuysen Bert M.
Published: March 2013

The effect of a severe steaming treatment on the physicochemical properties and catalytic performance of H‐SAPO‐34 molecular sieves during the methanol‐to‐hydrocarbons (MTH) reaction has been investigated with a combination of scanning transmission X‐ray microscopy (STXM), catalytic testing, and bulk characterization techniques, including ammonia temperature programmed desorption and 27Al and 29Si magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance. For this purpose, two samples, namely a calcined and a steamed H‐SAPO‐34 catalyst powder, have been compared. It has been found that calcined H‐SAPO‐34 displays a high selectivity towards light olefins, yet shows a poor stability as compared to a zeolite H‐ZSM‐5 catalyst. Moreover, in situ STXM at the carbon K‐edge during the MTH reaction allows construction of nanoscale chemical maps of the hydrocarbon species formed within the H‐SAPO‐34 aggregates as a function of reaction time and steam post‐treatment. It was found that there is an initial preferential formation of coke precursor species within the core of the H‐SAPO‐34 aggregates. For longer times on stream the formation of the coke precursor species is extended to the outer regions, progressively filling the entire H‐SAPO‐34 catalyst particle. In contrast, the hydrothermally treated H‐SAPO‐34 showed similar reaction selectivity, but decreased activity and catalyst stability with respect to its calcined counterpart. These variations in MTH performance are related to a faster and more homogeneous formation of coke precursor species filling up the entire steamed H‐SAPO‐34 catalyst particle. Finally, the chemical imaging capabilities of the STXM method at the Al and Si K‐edge are illustrated by visualizing the silicon islands at the nanoscale before and after steaming H‐SAPO‐34.
Design and Application of a Hybrid Material Featuring Well‐Defined, Tuneable Grafting Sites for Supported Catalysis.
Authors: Popoff Nicolas , Espinas Jeff , Pelletier Jérémie , Szeto Kai C. , Thivolle‐Cazat Jean , Delevoye Laurent , Gauvin Régis M. , Taoufik Mostafa
Published: March 2013

A new material based on amorphous silica, and featuring a well‐defined phenolic functionality was prepared in two simple steps by using commercially available, cheap reagents. Silica was first reacted with aluminum isobutyl etherate to yield an aluminum isobutyl site [(≡SiO)2Al(iBu)(Et2O)], which then selectively reacted with a hydroquinone spacer to yield [(≡SiO)2(AlOC6X4OH)(Et2O)] (X=H or F). This support material was then used to tether the organometallic tungstenocarbyne complex [W(≡CtBu)(CH2tBu)3] to yield the surface species [(≡SiO)2(AlOC6X4O‐W(≡CtBu)(CH2tBu)2(Et2O)] (X=H or F). Both H‐ and F‐containing species were fully characterized, and their activities in the self‐metathesis reaction of propene to ethylene and 2‐butenes were found to be two and three times higher, respectively, than the activity of the corresponding tungstenocarbyne complex directly grafted onto silica.
CFD‐assisted Characterization and Optimization of the Structured Mass Transfer Packing QVF DURAPACK®
Authors: Dreiser C. , Gneist G. , Bart H.‐J.
Published: March 2013

The glass packing QVF DURAPACK® was developed to use the advantages of structured mass transfer packings, especially when handling corrosive media. To match up with the latest developments for sheet metal packings, further optimization for liquid‐liquid separation processes was performed for the QVF DURAPACK®. The complex geometry of structured packings and the wall thickness of glass sheets complicate the numerical investigations. The modeling strategy is presented, and the limitations of CFD tools are given. The experimental and numerical results show similar trends as known for perforated metal structures. The extraction efficiency of the packing prototype could also be reproduced with the column design tool LLECMOD.
Two Distinct Thermal Stabilities of DNA and Enzymatic Activities of DNase I in a Multistep Assembly with Carbazole Ligands: Different Binding Characteristics for Duplex and Quadruplex DNA
Authors: Inukai Norie , Kawai Tsuyoshi , Yuasa Junpei
Published: March 2013

A partially hydrophobic carbazole ligand ((Im+)2Cz: 2,2′‐(9‐ethyl‐9 H‐carbazole‐3,6‐diyl)bis(ethyne‐2,1‐diyl)bis(1,3‐dimethyl‐1 H‐imidazol‐3‐ium)) adopts two different binding states (binding states I and II) in its interactions with calf‐thymus (ct‐) DNA. Two distinct binding states were identified by biphasic UV/Vis and circular dichroism (CD) spectral changes during the titration of DNA into the carbazole ligand. At low concentrations of ct‐DNA, (Im+)2Cz binds to nearly every part of ct‐DNA (binding state I). By contrast, an increased concentration of ct‐DNA results in a switch in the DNA‐binding state, so that the ligands are bound per five DNA base pairs. Similarly, a monocationic carbazole ligand (Im+Cz: 2‐((6‐bromo‐9‐ethyl‐9 H‐carbazol‐3‐yl)ethynyl)‐1,3‐dimethyl‐1 H‐imidazol‐3‐ium) also shows biphasic UV/Vis spectral changes during the titration of ct‐DNA into Im+Cz, which suggests two different binding states of the Im+Cz ligand with ct‐DNA. The stepwise equilibrium of the ligand–DNA‐complex formation is capable of switching the thermal stability of ct‐DNA, as well as the enzymatic activity of deoxyribonuclease (DNase I). In binding state I, the (Im+)2Cz ligands interact with nearly every base pair in ct‐DNA and stabilize the double‐helix structure, which results in a larger increase in the melting temperature of the ct‐DNA than that observed with binding state II. On the other hand, the (Im+)2Cz ligand significantly reduces the enzymatic activity of DNase I in binding state I, although the enzymatic activity is recovered once the binding state of the ligand–DNA complex is changed to binding state II. The (Im+)2Cz ligand was also employed as a binder for G‐quadruplex DNA. In contrast to the stepwise complex formation between (Im+)2Cz and ct‐DNA, (Im+)2Cz shows a monotonous UV/Vis spectral response during the titration of G‐quadruplex DNA into (Im+)2Cz, which suggests a single binding state for (Im+)2Cz with G‐quadruplex DNA.
Ionic Liquid Assisted Synthesis of Au–Pd Bimetallic Particles with Enhanced Electrocatalytic Activity
Authors: Li Zhonghao , Li Rui , Mu Tiancheng , Luan Yuxia
Published: March 2013

Morphology‐ and composition‐controlled synthesis of Au–Pd bimetallic particles was realized by a facile ionic liquid assisted route at room temperature. The morphologies of the synthesized particles, such as nanoflake‐constructed spheres with a core–shell structure, nanoparticle‐constructed spheres, and nanoparticle‐constructed dendrites, could be well controlled by the present route. The ionic liquid was found to play a key role in the formation of these interesting particles. Moreover, the composition (Au:Pd) of the particles could be modulated by means of the molar ratio of the metal precursors in the feeding solutions. The Au–Pd bimetallic particles exhibit high electrocatalytic activity toward oxidation of ethanol and formic acid. Furthermore, cyclic voltammetric studies on the as‐prepared Au–Pd bimetallic particles revealed good electroactivity for H2O2, which results in an effective amperometric H2O2 sensor.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrothermal Synthesis and Luminescent Properties of NaLa(MoO4)2:Eu3+,Tb3+ Phosphors.
Authors: Li Guanghuan , Li Linlin , Li Mengmeng , Bao Weiwei , Song Yanhua , Gan Shucai , Zou Haifeng , Xu Xuechun
Published: March 2013

NaLa0.96 (MoO4)2:0.02Eu3+,0.02Tb3+ phosphors are hydrothermally prepared from aqueous solutions of La(NO3)3, Eu(NO3)3, Tb(NO3)3, and Na2MoO4.
ChemInform Abstract: Foamlike Porous Spinel MnxCo3‐xO4 Material Derived from Mn3[Co(CN)6]2·nH2O Nanocubes: A Highly Efficient Anode Material for Lithium Batteries.
Authors: Hu Lin , Zhang Ping , Zhong Hao , Zheng Xinrui , Yan Nan , Chen Qianwang
Published: March 2013

Spinel MnxCo3‐xO4 porous nanocubes are synthesized for the first time by decomposition of Mn3[Co(CN)6]2·nH2O at 400 °C for 1 h.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Cubic V11Cu9Ga46 — A 512‐Fold Super Structure of a Simple bcc Packing.
Authors: Lux Rainer , Kuntze Verena , Hillebrecht Harald
Published: March 2013

Single crystals of the new title compound are prepared from the elements with a great excess of Ga (evacuated silica tube, 1000 °C, 14 d; controlled cooling).
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Acid Mediated [3 + 2] Cycloadditions of Donor—Acceptor Cyclopropanes with Heterocumulenes.
Authors: Goldberg Alexander F. G. , O'Connor Nicholas R. , Craig Robert A. II , Stoltz Brian M.
Published: March 2013

The title reaction provides an effective approach to cyclic thioimidates, cyclic amidines, and pyrrolidinones.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of Ruthenium Complexes of Triazole‐Containing Tridentate Ligands to Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones.
Authors: Johnson Tarn C. , Totty William G. , Wills Martin
Published: March 2013

The catalyst combination efficiently promotes the asymmetric reduction of various acetophenones including ortho‐substituted ones.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Addition of Alkoxy Ethynyl Anion to Chiral N‐Sulfinyl Imines.
Authors: Verrier Charlie , Carret Sebastien , Poisson Jean‐Francois
Published: March 2013

The addition of boron trifluoride reverses completely the diastereoselectivity [cf.(III) versus (VII)].
ChemInform Abstract: Improved Air‐Stable Solid Aromatic and Heterocyclic Zinc Reagents by Highly Selective Metalations for Negishi Cross‐Couplings.
Authors: Stathakis Christos I. , Bernhardt Sebastian , Quint Valentin , Knochel Paul
Published: March 2013

The presented pool of new and easy‐to‐handle solid organozinc pivalates exhibit excellent reactivity in Negishi cross‐coupling with a broad selection of electrophiles.
ChemInform Abstract: Tetraflic Acid (1,1,2,2‐Tetrafluoroethanesulfonic Acid, HC2F4SO3H) and Gallium Tetraflate as Effective Catalysts in Organic Synthesis.
Authors: Prakash G. K. Surya , Mathew Thomas , Panja Chiradeep , Kulkarni Aditya , Olah George A. , Harmer Mark A.
Published: March 2013

The acid is used to promote transformations which require high acidity like rearrangement or halogenation.
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly anti‐Selective Asymmetric Henry Reaction Catalyzed by a Chiral Copper Complex: Applications to the Syntheses of (+)‐Spisulosine and a Pyrroloisoquinoline Derivative.
Authors: Xu Kun , Lai Guoyin , Zha Zhenggen , Pan Susu , Chen Huanwen , Wang Zhiyong
Published: March 2013

In course of this study the reaction is also conducted in water for the first time.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Allylation of 2,2,2‐Trifluoroethyl Phenyl Sulfone, a Potential 2,2,2‐Trifluoroethyl Pronucleophile.
Authors: Zhang Wei , Zhao Yanchuan , Ni Chuanfa , Mathew Thomas , Hu Jinbo
Published: March 2013

Structurally diverse allylic carbonates (I) are reacted with sulfone (II) under neutral conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Morita—Baylis—Hillman Reaction of Chiral Highly Oxygenated Cyclopent‐2‐enones.
Authors: Masusai Chonticha , Soorukram Darunee , Kuhakarn Chutima , Tuchinda Patoomratana , Pakawatchi Chaveng , Reutrakul Vichai , Pohmakotr Manat
Published: March 2013

The treatment of substrates of type (I) with aldehydes provides diastereomeric mixtures of the MBH adducts.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Coupling of 1,2‐Dibromo‐1‐styrenes with Sulfonamides for the Preparation of Ynamides.
Authors: Yang Yuan , Zhang Xiaoyun , Liang Yun
Published: March 2013

Dehydrobromination of dibromoalkenes generates alkynyl bromides which couple with nitrogen nucleophiles to form ynamides.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric 1,2‐Reduction of Enones with Potassium Borohydride Catalyzed by Chiral N,N′‐Dioxide—Scandium(III) Complexes.
Authors: He Peng , Liu Xiaohua , Zheng Haifeng , Li Wei , Lin Lili , Feng Xiaoming
Published: March 2013

Labeling experiments prove the source of the hydrogen atom to be KBH4.
ChemInform Abstract: Cross‐Linked‐Polymer‐Supported N‐{2′‐[(Arylsulfonyl)amino][1,1′‐binaphthalen]‐2‐yl}prolinamide as Organocatalyst for the Direct Aldol Intermolecular Reaction under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Banon‐Caballero Abraham , Guillena Gabriela , Najera Carmen
Published: March 2013

The catalyst (I) can be recovered and reused up to 7 times without detrimental effects on diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd/Cu‐Catalyzed Oxidation of Alkynes into 1,2‐Diketones Using DMSO as the Oxidant.
Authors: Gao Ang , Yang Fan , Li Ji , Wu Yangjie
Published: March 2013

A new and facile pathway to 1,2‐diketones is developed under ligand‐ and additive‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Aza‐Michael—Michael Cascade Reactions: A Flexible Approach to 2,3,4‐Trisubstituted Tetrahydroquinolines.
Authors: Jia Zhen‐Xin , Luo Yong‐Chun , Wang Yao , Chen Liang , Xu Peng‐Fei , Wang Binghe
Published: March 2013

The title compounds can be easily transformed into various ring‐fused tetrahydroquinolines.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Amination of Silyl Ketene Acetals with N‐Chloroamines.
Authors: Miura Tomoya , Morimoto Masao , Murakami Masahiro
Published: March 2013

The reaction allows a new and convenient access to α‐amino esters and a one‐pot synthesis from amines is possible.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Cyanosilylation of Aldehydes with Trimethylsilyl Cyanide Catalyzed by MgI2 Etherate.
Authors: Wang Yanping , Feng Meiling , Liu Yingshuai , Zhang Xingxian
Published: March 2013

Various aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes produce the desired cyanohydrin products with good to excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Base‐Free Synthesis of β‐Hydroxy Sulfides under Ultrasound Irradiation.
Authors: Lv Guang‐Shu , Duan Fu‐Jun , Ding Jin‐Chang , Cheng Tian‐Xing , Gao Wen‐Xia , Chen Jiu‐Xi , Wu Hua‐Yue
Published: March 2013

An efficient and simple method for the regioselective synthesis of β‐hydroxy sulfides via Rongalite‐promoted reaction of epoxides with diaryl disulfides under ultrasound irradiation is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Carbon—Carbon Bond Insertion and Intramolecular Aldol Reaction of Benzyne with Aroylacetones: Novel Formation of 4,4′‐Disubstituted 1,1′‐Binaphthols.
Authors: Okuma Kentaro , Itoyama Ryoichi , Sou Ayumi , Nagahora Noriyoshi , Shioj Kosei
Published: March 2013

The reaction mostly affords mixtures of 3‐substituted 1‐naphthols (III) and 4‐substituted 2‐naphthols (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Fused Benzo[b]fluorenols: Palladium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Dehydroaromatization and Carbonyl Reduction.
Authors: Zhao Quansheng , Hu Qiong , Wen Lei , Wu Min , Hu Yimin
Published: March 2013

The target compounds are prepared under conditions A) in the presence of propargyl bromide as an optimal reactant.
ChemInform Abstract: CuI‐Mediated Sequential Iodination/Cycloetherification of o‐Arylphenols: Synthesis of 2‐ or 4‐Iododibenzofurans and Mechanistic Studies.
Authors: Zhao Jiaji , Zhang Qi , Liu Lanying , He Yimiao , Li Jing , Li Juan , Zhu Qiang
Published: March 2013

The title reaction provides an efficient approach to a number of 2‐ and 4‐iododibenzofurans.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Substituted Thiophenes by Palladium‐Catalyzed Heterocyclodehydration of 1‐Mercapto‐3‐yn‐2‐ols in Conventional and Nonconventional Solvents.
Authors: Gabriele Bartolo , Mancuso Raffaella , Veltri Lucia , Maltese Vito , Salerno Giuseppe
Published: March 2013

The reaction provides a convenient, mild, and widely applicable method to prepare substituted thiophenes under either conditions A) or B).
ChemInform Abstract: A Metal‐Free Sulfenylation and Bromosulfenylation of Indoles: Controllable Synthesis of 3‐Arylthioindoles and 2‐Bromo‐3‐arylthioindoles.
Authors: Huang Dayun , Chen Jiuxi , Dan Weixing , Ding Jinchang , Liu Miaochang , Wu Huayue
Published: March 2013

The amount of NBS [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Aminooxygenation of N‐Allylamidines with PhI(OAc)2.
Authors: Sanjaya Stephen , Chiba Shunsuke
Published: March 2013

The title reaction provides dihydroimidazoles of type (III).
ChemInform Abstract: A One‐Pot Regioselective Synthesis of Benzo[d]imidazo[2,1‐b]thiazoles.
Authors: Zhang Xinhai , Jia Jiong , Ma Chen
Published: March 2013

A series of benzo[d]imidazo[2,1‐b]thiazoles (III), (V), (VII), (IX) and (XIII)/(XIV) are synthesized by a novel metal‐free synthesis.
ChemInform Abstract: Energetic Materials Containing Fluorine: Design, Synthesis and Testing of Furazan‐Containing Energetic Materials Bearing a Pentafluorosulfanyl Group.
Authors: Martinez Henry , Zheng Zhaoyun , Dolbier William R. Jr.
Published: March 2013

The impact of a pentafluorosulfanyl substituent on the properties of furazan‐containing energetic materials is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Functionalizations of Aryl C—H Bonds in 2‐Arylpyridines via Sequential Borylation and Copper Catalysis.
Authors: Niu Liting , Yang Haijun , Yang Daoshan , Fu Hua
Published: March 2013

The procedure is used for the synthesis of iodides, azides, amines, sulfones and bromides and exclusive ortho‐substitution of the arene ring takes place.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Assembly of Cyclopenta[c]quinolin‐3‐ols via a Palladium‐Catalyzed Reaction of 2‐Alkynylaniline with 2‐Alkynylvinyl Bromide.
Authors: Ye Chao , Qiu Guanyinsheng , Pan Xiaolin , Peng Yiyuan , Wu Jie
Published: March 2013

The title compounds (III) are prepared via a tandem reaction consisting of palladium‐catalyzed C‐C bond formation, ring closure, C‐N coupling and subsequent hydroxylation in a one‐pot procedure.
ChemInform Abstract: Cannizzaro Reaction of 2‐Chloro‐3‐formylquinolines and Its Synthetic Utility for 2‐Acetylfuro[2,3‐b]quinolines: The Alkaloid Analogues.
Authors: Kumar Devadoss Karthik , Shankar Rajakandhan , Rajendran Subramaniam Parameswaran
Published: March 2013

An efficient synthesis of 2‐acetylfuro[2,3‐b]quinolines through the acid‐catalyzed condensation reaction of 2‐methoxy‐3‐formylquinolines with acetone followed by bromocyclization and dehydrobromination is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Bromenium‐Catalyzed Tandem Ring Opening/Cyclization of Vinylcyclopropanes and Vinylcyclobutanes: A Metal‐Free [3 + 2 + 1]/[4 + 2 + 1] Cascade for the Synthesis of Chiral Amidines and Computational Investigation.
Authors: Ganesh Venkataraman , Sureshkumar Devarajulu , Chanda Debasree , Chandrasekaran Srinivasan
Published: March 2013

This is a versatile method for highly stereoselective preparation of bicyclo[4.4.0]‐, [4.3.0]‐ and [4.3.1] amidines.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Supramolecular Synthesis of Substituted 2‐Aryl‐2,3‐dihydroquinazolin‐4(1H)‐ones in the Presence of β‐Cyclodextrin in Water.
Authors: Ramesh K. , Karnakar K. , Satish G. , Reddy K. Harsha Vardhan , Nageswar Y. V. D.
Published: March 2013

The eco‐friendly one‐pot method renders possible the synthesis of a broad spectrum of pharmacologically important title compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Ynone Trifluoroborates Toward Functionalized Pyrazoles.
Authors: Kirkham James D. , Edeson Steven J. , Stokes Stephen , Harrity Joseph P. A.
Published: March 2013

Coupling of novel ynone trifluoroborates like (III) with hydrazines provides a new, efficient, and regioselective approach to pyrazole trifluoroborates as precursors of diverse pyrazole derivatives.