bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gold(I)-Catalyzed Cascade: Synthesis of 2,5-Disubstituted Pyrroles from N-Sulfonyl-2-(1-ethoxypropargyl)azetidines through Cyclization/Nucleophilic Substitution/Elimination
Authors: Pale Patrick , Blanc Aurélien , Pertschi Romain , Miaskiewicz Solène , Weibel Jean-Marc
Published: May 2017

N-Sulfonyl-2-(1-ethoxypropargyl)azetidine derivatives undergo a gold-catalyzed rearrangement in the presence of various alcohols furnishing the 2,5-disubstituted pyrroles in excellent yields (11 examples, 63–86%). Iodide or deuterium trappings of organogold intermediate as well as kinetic study confirmed the postulated cyclization/nucleophilic substitution/elimination mechanism.
Arbeitsorientierte Berater: Böse Cost Cutter, gute Betriebsräte?
Authors: Baldauf Sabine
Published: May 2017

Die Fronten zwischen Management und Arbeitnehmervertretung sind seit Anfang der 90er deutlich weicher und die Krankenhauswelt komplizierter geworden. Da stellt sich die Frage: Wozu brauchen Kliniken bei Sanierung und Veränderungsprozessen noch arbeitsorientierte Beratungsunternehmen?
Interview mit Boris Augurzky: Es geht nicht mehr um Menge, sondern um Qualität
Authors: Gaede Kirsten
Published: May 2017

Boris Augurzky ist einer der prominentesten Klinikexperten: Über seinen Krankenhaus Rating Report wird sogar in den Tagesthemen und im Radio berichtet. Er ist Geschäftsführer der Institute for Health Care Business (hcb) GmbH und spricht im Interview unter anderem über seine Arbeit, das Krankenhausstrukturgesetz, Klinikschließungen und -zusammenlegungen und den Mut, zu schrumpfen.
Managementvertrag im Krankenhaus: Sanierungserfolg durch externe Manager
Authors: Baierlein Jochen , Rudolf Thomas
Published: May 2017

Seit einigen Jahren erlebt ein totgeglaubtes Sanierungsinstrument ein Revival: der Managementvertrag. Den Weg aus der Krise nicht nur von Beratern skizzieren zu lassen, sondern sie auch in die Umsetzungsverantwortung zu nehmen, hat offensichtlich Erfolg.
Wirtschaftlichkeitsbetrachtung von Krankenhäusern: Von der Schwierigkeit, Defizite aufzuspüren
Authors: Kaiser Axel , Jensen Sören , Olshausen Elias , Peukert Jens
Published: May 2017

Die vergangenen Gesundheitsreformen zielten vorrangig darauf ab, die wachsenden Gesundheitsausgaben einzudämmen – der Wirtschaftlichkeitsdruck im Krankenhausmarkt ist somit gestiegen. Gleichzeitig wird eine qualitativ hochwertige Patientenversorgung immer wichtiger. In diesem Spannungsverhältnis zwischen Qualität und Wirtschaftlichkeit entstehen in einzelnen Krankenhäusern immer häufiger wirtschaftliche Defizite. Doch wie kann man dem entgegenwirken?
Mitarbeiterbindung: So können Sie Ihre Mitarbeiter halten
Authors: Schubert Petra , Friese Christian
Published: May 2017

Gutes Personal zu finden, ist schwer – und wenn die vakante Stelle nach längerer Suche endlich besetzt ist, sollten die Stelleninhaber möglichst lange bleiben. Doch leider führen verschiedene „Sünden“ dazu, die Stelleninhaber eher zu „entbinden“ anstatt sie zu halten. Ist man sich dessen bewusst, kann man aktiv dagegen steuern.
Mitarbeiterbindung: Arbeitgeberattraktivität durch Führungskräfteentwicklung
Authors: Steinhauer-Schulz Andrea , Rickert Dorothea
Published: May 2017

Das aktuelle Zauberwort im Kampf um medizinische und pflegerische Fachkräfte lautet „Arbeitgeberattraktivität“. Doch wie wird ein Haus attraktiv für potenzielle neue Mitarbeiter? Und wie füllt man dieses Attribut mit Leben? Ein gangbarer Weg ist es, Loyalität und Leistungsbereitschaft durch eine motivierende und wertschätzende Arbeitsatmosphäre zu erzeugen.
Hauptstadtkongress 2017: Den Zufall in den Griff bekommen
Authors: Dorner Carola
Published: May 2017

In der Industrie ist Prozessmanagement längst Normalität, in der Medizin tut man sich schwer damit. Nina Beikert, Geschäftsführerin Labor Berlin, hält auf dem Hauptstadtkongress einen Vortrag mit dem Titel: „Zufall mit System: Prozessmanagement im Labor und darüber hinaus“ und erklärt im Interview, warum es sich lohnt, auch im Labor Prozesse intensiver zu systematisieren.
Spannende Einblicke in das Leben des Weltbürgers Alexander von Humboldt
Authors: Dernedde Jutta
Published: May 2017

Eher zufällig bin ich vor einigen Wochen auf Andrea Wulfs Humboldt-Biografie gestoßen – und habe das Buch dann trotz seiner mehr als 500 Seiten in wenigen Tagen durchgelesen.
Infektionen von Gelenkprothesen: Schmerzhafte Abrechnung
Authors: Hohnstein Aileen
Published: May 2017

Die Berliner Charité bietet in einem überregionalen Zentrum vielen Patienten eine Heilungschance, die an infizierten Gelenkprothesen leiden. Das Abrechnungssystem der Krankenkassen stellt jedoch gerade für Kliniken, die sich auf komplizierte Wechseloperationen von Endoprothesen spezialisiert haben, eine finanzielle Hürde dar. Das könnte in Zukunft auf Kosten der Patienten gehen.
Neues Philips-KIS: Globalisierung mal anders in Düren
Authors: Mau Jens
Published: May 2017

Das Gerücht, Philips steige in den deutschen KIS-Markt ein, kursiert seit Jahren. Jetzt ist es soweit. Die Holländer möchten ein KIS einführen, dass sie seit Jahren erfolgreich in Südamerika betreiben. Premiumpartner des Gesundheitskonzerns soll das Krankenhaus Düren werden.
PACS-Systeme: Vom Bildarchiv zum Informationspool
Authors: Kucera Martin
Published: May 2017

Die zunehmende Digitalisierung im Krankenhaus produziert immer mehr Bilder, Videos und elektronische Dokumente. Um dieser Datenflut Herr zu werden, braucht es eine IT-Strategie. Die Anbieter setzten bei ihren PACS-Systemen auf größtmögliche Flexibilität.
Intraoperative Bildgebung: Interdisziplinäres Teamwork möglich
Authors: Mewis Dirk
Published: May 2017

Große Eingriffe lassen sich durch minimal-invasive Operationen ersetzen. Ärzte können die Ergebnisse sofort kontrollieren. Dadurch werden Patienten geschont und die Anzahl späterer Revisionsoperationen wird vermindert.
TSB Tagung 2017: Aufregend vielschichtig: Sicherheit
Authors: Thalmayr Maria
Published: May 2017

Die neue EU-Medizinprodukteverordnung und IT-Sicherheit waren vorherrschende Themen auf der diesjährigen ÖVKT-Tagung für Technische Sicherheitsbeauftragte – eine Funktion, die es in dieser Form nur in Österreich gibt. Nicht zuletzt die EU-Richtlinie für mehr Cybersicherheit erzeugte bei so manchem der 70 Teilnehmer beklemmende Gefühle.
Comparison of the Effects of Mitiglinide and Glibenclamide Administered in Combination with the Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Inhibitor Sitagliptin in Rats with Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide-Induced Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Akahane Kenji , Ojima Kazuma , Yokoyama Ayaka , Inoue Toshihiro , Kiguchi Sumiyoshi , Tatemichi Satoshi , Takeda Hiroo , Kobayashi Mamoru
Published: May 2017

We compared the individual effects of mitiglinide and glibenclamide administered in combination with the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor sitagliptin on plasma DPP-IV activity and blood glucose levels in rats with streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced type 2 diabetes (STZ-NA rats).

We examined the inhibitory activity of mitiglinide and glibenclamide as well as their combination with sitagliptin on plasma DPP-IV activity in STZ-NA rats. The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was used to compare effects of mitiglinide, glibenclamide, and their combination with sitagliptin on blood glucose levels in STZ-NA rats.

Mitiglinide and glibenclamide did not inhibit rat DPP-IV and did not influence the inhibitory effect of sitagliptin on rat plasma DPP-IV activity. In STZ-NA rats, plasma glucose levels were stronger suppressed by a combination of mitiglinide and sitagliptin than by either drug used alone. However, no clear effect of the combination of glibenclamide and sitagliptin was observed.

These results indicate that the combination of mitiglinide and sitagliptin has a lower risk of hypoglycemia in the rats with induced type 2 diabetes compared with the combination of glibenclamide and sitagliptin. The combination of mitiglinide and sitagliptin can be a promising combination for the treatment of diabetic patients.
Klassifikation, Genetik und Epidemiologie der Glaukome
Authors: Höhn René , Pfeiffer Norbert
Published: May 2017

Die Glaukome bilden eine sehr heterogene Krankheitsgruppe, der ein retinaler Ganglienzellverlust mit typischer Papillenexkavation und charakteristischen Gesichtsfeldausfällen gemeinsam ist. Glaukome sind der häufigste Grund für eine irreversible Erblindung weltweit. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen aktuellen Überblick über die Einteilung und die genetischen Grundlagen der Glaukome.
Die randunscharfe Papille: eine diagnostische Herausforderung
Authors: Biermann Julia , Lagrèze Wolf
Published: May 2017

Die Differenzialdiagnosen bei Papillenrandunschärfe sind zahlreich. Harmlose Ursachen und Normvarianten müssen von pathologischen Ursachen abgegrenzt werden. Die Papillenschwellung und insbesondere die Stauungspapille erfordern zeitnah weitere Diagnostik und Therapie.
From Pharmacognosia to DNA-Based Medicinal Plant Authentication – Pharmacognosy through the Centuries
Authors: Heinrich Michael , Anagnostou Sabine
Published: May 2017

For centuries, pharmacognosy was essential for the identification, quality, purity, and, until the end of the 18th century, even for the efficacy of medicinal plants. Since the 19th century, it concentrated on authenticity, purity, quality and the analysis of active substances, and was established as an academic branch discipline within pharmacy and continuously developed into a modern, highly sophisticated science. Even though the paradigm in pharmacy changed in the 19th century with the discovery of morphine and concentrated on single substances that could be synthesized fast by the upcoming industry, medicinal plants always remained an important element of the Materia medica, and during the last decades, medicinal plants continue to be a source of remedies, and natural products are an inspiration for new medicine. In this research, pharmacognostic skills remain an essential element, both with regards to identity, quality assurance of botanicals (both herbal medicines and supplements), and the discovery and development of new medicines. Over the years, the specific pharmacognostical tools have changed dramatically, and most recently, DNA-based techniques have become another element of our spectrum of scientific methods.
Production of the Cytotoxic Cardenolide Glucoevatromonoside by Semisynthesis and Biotransformation of Evatromonoside by a Digitalis lanata Cell Culture
Authors: Munkert Jennifer , Santiago Franco Marina , Nolte Elke , Thaís Silva Izabella , Oliveira Castilho Rachel , Melo Ottoni Flaviano , Schneider Naira , Oliveira Mônica , Taubert Helge , Bauer Walter , Andrade Saulo , Alves Ricardo , Simões Cláudia , Braga Fernão , Kreis Wolfgang , de Pádua Rodrigo
Published: May 2017

Recent studies demonstrate that cardiac glycosides, known to inhibit Na+/K+-ATPase in humans, have increased susceptibility to cancer cells that can be used in tumor therapy. One of the most promising candidates identified so far is glucoevatromonoside, which can be isolated from the endangered species Digitalis mariana ssp. heywoodii. Due to its complex structure, glucoevatromonoside cannot be obtained economically by total chemical synthesis. Here we describe two methods for glucoevatromonoside production, both using evatromonoside obtained by chemical degradation of digitoxin as the precursor. 1) Catalyst-controlled, regioselective glycosylation of evatromonoside to glucoevatromonoside using 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl bromide as the sugar donor and 2-aminoethyldiphenylborinate as the catalyst resulted in an overall 30 % yield. 2) Biotransformation of evatromonoside using Digitalis lanata plant cell suspension cultures was less efficient and resulted only in overall 18 % pure product. Structural proof of products has been provided by extensive NMR data. Glucoevatromonoside and its non-natural 1–3 linked isomer neo-glucoevatromonoside obtained by semisynthesis were evaluated against renal cell carcinoma and prostate cancer cell lines.
Orbital stability of periodic traveling wave solutions for the Kawahara equation
Authors: de Andrade Thiago Pinguello , Cristófani Fabrício , Natali Fábio
Published: May 2017

In this paper, we investigate the orbital stability of periodic traveling waves for the Kawahara equation. We prove that the periodic traveling wave, under certain conditions, minimizes a convenient functional by using an adaptation of the method developed by Grillakis et al. [J. Funct. Anal. 74, 160–197 (1987)]. The required spectral properties to ensure the orbital stability are obtained by knowing the positiveness of the Fourier transform of the associated periodic wave established by Angulo and Natali [SIAM J. Math. Anal. 40, 1123–1151 (2008)].
Alignment, orientation, and Coulomb explosion of difluoroiodobenzene studied with the pixel imaging mass spectrometry (PImMS) camera
Authors: Amini Kasra , Boll Rebecca , Lauer Alexandra , Burt Michael , Lee Jason W. L. , Christensen Lauge , Brauβe Felix , Mullins Terence , Savelyev Evgeny , Ablikim Utuq , Berrah Nora , Bomme Cédric , Düsterer Stefan , Erk Benjamin , Höppner Hauke , Johnsson Per , Kierspel Thomas , Krecinic Faruk , Küpper Jochen , Müller Maria , Müller Erland , Redlin Harald , Rouzée Arnaud , Schirmel Nora , Thøgersen Jan , Techert Simone , Toleikis Sven , Treusch Rolf , Trippel Sebastian , Ulmer Anatoli , Wiese Joss , Vallance Claire , Rudenko Artem , Stapelfeldt Henrik , Brouard Mark , Rolles Daniel
Published: May 2017

Laser-induced adiabatic alignment and mixed-field orientation of 2,6-difluoroiodobenzene (C6H3F2I) molecules are probed by Coulomb explosion imaging following either near-infrared strong-field ionization or extreme-ultraviolet multi-photon inner-shell ionization using free-electron laser pulses. The resulting photoelectrons and fragment ions are captured by a double-sided velocity map imaging spectrometer and projected onto two position-sensitive detectors. The ion side of the spectrometer is equipped with a pixel imaging mass spectrometry camera, a time-stamping pixelated detector that can record the hit positions and arrival times of up to four ions per pixel per acquisition cycle. Thus, the time-of-flight trace and ion momentum distributions for all fragments can be recorded simultaneously. We show that we can obtain a high degree of one-and three-dimensional alignment and mixed-field orientation and compare the Coulomb explosion process induced at both wavelengths.
Determining interface properties limiting open-circuit voltage in heterojunction solar cells
Authors: Brandt Riley E. , Mangan Niall M. , Li Jian V. , Lee Yun Seog , Buonassisi Tonio
Published: May 2017

The development of new thin-film photovoltaic (PV) absorbers is often hindered by the search for an optimal heterojunction contact; an unoptimized contact may be mistaken for poor quality of the underlying absorber, making it difficult to assess the reasons for poor performance. Therefore, quantifying the loss in device efficiency and open-circuit voltage (VOC) as a result of the interface is a critical step in evaluating a new material. In the present work, we fabricate thin-film PV devices using cuprous oxide (Cu2O), with several different n-type heterojunction contacts. Their current-voltage characteristics are measured over a range of temperatures and illumination intensities (JVTi). We quantify the loss in VOC due to the interface and determine the effective energy gap at the interface. The effective interface gap measured by JVTi matches the gap measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, albeit with higher energy resolution and an order of magnitude faster. We discuss potential artifacts in JVTi measurements and areas where analytical models are insufficient. Applying JVTi to complete devices, rather than incomplete material stacks, suggests that it can be a quick, accurate method to assess the loss due to unoptimized interface band offsets in thin-film PV devices.
Entropy facilitated active transport
Authors: Rubí J. M. , Lervik A. , Bedeaux D. , Kjelstrup S.
Published: May 2017

We show how active transport of ions can be interpreted as an entropy facilitated process. In this interpretation, a particular change in the pore geometry through which substrates are transported gives rise to a driving force. This chemical energy provided by the chemical reaction is then used to create a protein geometry favorable for the uphill transport of ions. Attempts to estimate the energy available by this change in several proteins shows that an entropic contribution from the pore geometry is significant. We discuss how this effect can be used to understand how energy transduction in active transport can take place over a relatively long distance.
Studies on radial and poloidal particle transport at the edge of SST-1 tokamak
Authors: Kakati B. , Pradhan S. , Dhongde J. , Semwal P. ,   SST-1 Team
Published: May 2017

The radial and poloidal particle fluxes occurring at the plasma edge are essential towards understanding the plasma confinement in the tokamak device. In tokamaks, the edge transport barriers play a critical role in the transitions from low confinement (L-mode) to high confinement (H-mode). Recently, the edge plasma profiles have been studied for steady-state superconducting tokamak-1 (SST-1) with the help of an array of Langmuir probes. The floating potential and ion saturation current fluctuations have been measured at different radial and poloidal distance at the edge of SST-1. Increases in magnetic fluctuations associated with enhanced magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) activities have been found to increase the radial particle flux drastically. It indicates that the MHD activity leads to anomalous particle transport during the tokamak discharge at SST-1. It is found that the average poloidal velocity decreases from ∼4 km/s to ∼3.7 km/s whereas the average radial velocity decreases from ∼7.2 km/s to 4.7 km/s. Further, during MHD activity, it is found that as the magnetic island grows, the radial electric field changes from negative to positive. It is observed that the turbulent particle flux at SST-1 tokamak is predominantly positive and bursty. The local flux probability distribution function shows a clear non-Gaussian character, and it is skewed negatively.
Gyrokinetic simulation of dissipative trapped electron mode in tokamak edge
Authors: Zhao C. , Zhang T. , Xiao Y.
Published: May 2017

The gyrokinetic simulation using the gyrokinetic toroidal code (GTC) is carried out for the dissipative trapped electron mode (DTEM), which is an important source for the electrostatic turbulence in the pedestal of tokamak plasmas. The DTEM instability is identified for the edge plasmas, and its dependence on the wavelength and collisional frequency is obtained by both simulation and theory. It is shown for the first time that the linear gyrokinetic simulation results are fully consistent with that from the analytic theory with edge parameters. This suggests that the GTC code can simulate accurately the DTEM instability in the pedestal. It provides a useful benchmark for verifying gyrokinetic simulation of edge plasmas.
Solvation of LiCl in model liquids with high to low hydrogen bond strengths
Authors: Prasad Saurav , Chakravarty Charusita
Published: May 2017

We performed molecular dynamics simulations in order to understand the effect of increasing or decreasing the hydrogen bond strengths on the structure, entropy, and mobility of modified hybrid water models as pure solvents and solutions using LiCl as the solute of constant mole fraction of 0.025. The hybrid potential parameter (λ) is used to enhance or diminish the Lennard-Jones (LJ) dispersion-repulsion contribution relative to the electrostatic contribution, which in turn changes the hydrogen bond strength of water. The local structure around water molecules and ions was quantified using radial and angular distribution functions, triplet correlation functions, and tetrahedral order parameter. The structure of the liquid undergoes a change from tetrahedral water-like to LJ-like with decreasing hydrogen bond strength or increasing λ for both pure solvents and solutions. The number of ion-pairs monotonically increases with decreasing hydrogen bond strength. Large ion-clusters regardless of charge are formed in liquids with LJ-like characteristics. The local tetrahedral structure of Li+ depends on the hydrogen bond strength of water and the tetrahedral angle gradually shifts to lower (60°) and higher (180°) angle preferences with decreasing hydrogen bond strength. The first peak height of gOO(r), pair entropy, diffusivity, viscosity, and ionic conductivity varies non-monotonically as a function of λ due to the incompatibility of two extreme types of structure at very low and high λ values. The validity of the Stokes-Einstein and Nernst-Einstein relations are also examined. At very high and low hydrogen bond strengths or very low and high λs, respectively, the Nernst-Einstein deviation parameter shows small negative deviation.
Taylor dispersion in two-dimensional bacterial turbulence
Authors: Huang Yongxiang , Ou Wenyu , Chen Ming , Lu Zhiming , Jiang Nan , Liu Yulu , Qiu Xiang , Zhou Quan
Published: May 2017

In this work, single particle dispersion was analyzed for a bacterial turbulence by retrieving the virtual Lagrangian trajectory via numerical integration of the Lagrangian equation. High-order displacement functions were calculated for cases with and without mean velocity effect. The two-regime power-law behavior for short and long time evolutions was identified experimentally, which was separated by the Lagrangian integral time. For the case with the mean velocity effect, the experimental Hurst numbers were determined to be 0.94 and 0.97 for short and long time evolutions, respectively. For the case without the mean velocity effect, the values were 0.88 and 0.58. Moreover, very weak intermittency correction was detected. All measured Hurst numbers were above 1/2, the value of the normal diffusion, which verifies the super-diffusion behavior of living fluid. This behavior increases the efficiency of bacteria to obtain food.
Spectroscopy and formation of lanthanum-hydrocarbon radicals formed by C—C bond cleavage and coupling of propene
Authors: Hewage Dilrukshi , Cao Wenjin , Kumari Sudesh , Silva Ruchira , Li Tao Hong , Yang Dong-Sheng
Published: May 2017

La reaction with propene is carried out in a laser-vaporization molecular beam source. Three La-hydrocarbon radicals are characterized by mass-analyzed threshold ionization (MATI) spectroscopy. One of these radicals is methylenelanthanum [La(CH2)] (Cs), a Schrock-type metal carbene. The other two are a five-membered 1-lanthanacyclopent-3-en [La(CH2CHCHCH2)] (Cs) and a tetrahedron-like trimethylenemethanelanthanum [La(C(CH2)3)] (C3v). Adiabatic ionization energies and metal-ligand stretching and hydrocarbon-based bending frequencies of these species are measured from the MATI spectra, preferred structures and electronic states are identified by comparing the experimental measurements and spectral simulations, and reaction pathways for the formation of the metal-hydrocarbon radicals are investigated with density functional theory calculations. All three radicals prefer doublet ground electronic states with La 6s1-based valence electron configurations, and singly charged cations favor singlet states generated by the removal of the La 6s1 electron. The metal-carbene radical is formed via multi-step carbon-carbon cleavage involving metallacyclization, β-hydrogen migration, and metal insertion. The metal-carbene radical formed in the primary reaction reacts with a second propene molecule to form the five-membered-ring and tetrahedron-like isomers through distinct carbon-carbon coupling paths.
Lattice effects of surface cell: Multilayer multiconfiguration time-dependent Hartree study on surface scattering of CO/Cu(100)
Authors: Meng Qingyong , Meyer Hans-Dieter
Published: May 2017

To study the scattering of CO off a movable Cu(100) surface, extensive multilayer multiconfiguration time-dependent Hartree (ML-MCTDH) calculations are performed based on the SAP [R. Marquardt et al., J. Chem. Phys. 132, 074108 (2010)] potential energy surface in conjunction with a recently developed expansion model [Q. Meng and H.-D. Meyer, J. Chem. Phys. 143, 164310 (2015)] for including lattice motion. The surface vibration potential is constructed by a sum of Morse potentials where the parameters are determined by simulating the vibrational energies of a clean Cu(100) surface. Having constructed the total Hamiltonian, extensive dynamical calculations in both time-independent and time-dependent schemes are performed. Two-layer MCTDH (i.e., normal MCTDH) block-improved-relaxations (time-independent scheme) show that increasing the number of included surface vibrational dimensions lets the vibrational energies of CO/Cu(100) decrease for the frustrated translation (T mode), which is of low energy but increase those of the frustrated rotation (R mode) and the CO–Cu stretch (S mode), whose vibrational energies are larger than the energies of the in-plane surface vibrations (∼79 cm−1). This energy-shifting behavior was predicted and discussed by a simple model in our previous publication [Q. Meng and H.-D. Meyer, J. Chem. Phys. 143, 164310 (2015)]. By the flux analysis of the MCTDH/ML-MCTDH propagated wave packets, we calculated the sticking probabilities for the X + 0D, X + 1D, X + 3D, X + 5D, and X + 15D systems, where “X” stands for the used dimensionality of the CO/rigid-surface system and the second entry denotes the number of surface degrees of freedom included. From these sticking probabilities, the X + 5D/15D calculations predict a slower decrease of sticking with increasing energy as compared to the sticking of the X + 0D/1D/3D calculations. This is because the translational energy of CO is more easily transferred to surface vibrations, when the vibrational dimensionality of the surface is enlarged.
Solitons and their stability in the nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger equation with PT-symmetric potentials
Authors: Wen Zichao , Yan Zhenya
Published: May 2017

We report localized nonlinear modes of the self-focusing and defocusing nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger equation with the generalized PT-symmetric Scarf-II, Rosen-Morse, and periodic potentials. Parameter regions are presented for broken and unbroken PT-symmetric phases of linear bounded states and the linear stability of the obtained solitons. Moreover, we numerically explore the dynamical behaviors of solitons and find stable solitons for some given parameters.
Relative position control and coalescence of independent microparticles using ultrasonic waves
Authors: Deng Shuang , Jia Kun , Chen Jian , Mei Deqing , Yang Keji
Published: May 2017

Controlling the relative positions and coalescence of independent cells or microparticles is of particular importance for studying many physical phenomena, biological research, pharmaceutical tests, and chemical material processing. In this work, contactless maneuvering of two independent microparticles initially lying on a rigid surface was performed at a stable levitation height within a water-filled ultrasonic chamber. Three lead zirconate titanate transducers with 2 MHz thickness resonance frequency were obliquely mounted in a homemade device to form a sound field in a half space. By modulating the excitation voltage of a single transducer and the subsequent combination of amplitude and phase modulation, two separate 80 μm diameter silica beads were picked up from the chamber bottom, approached, and then coalesced to form a cluster in different ways. Both particles simultaneously migrated towards each other in the former process, while more dexterous movement with single-particle migration was realized for the other process. There is good agreement between the measured trajectories and theoretical predictions based on the theory of the first-order acoustic radiation force. The method introduced here also has the ability to form a cluster at any desired location in the chamber, which is promising for macromolecule processing ranging from the life sciences to biochemistry and clinical practice.
Electrical characterization and dielectric impedance of Au/n-CdS/p-porous GaAs/p++-GaAs thin film structures
Authors: Hamdaoui Nejeh , Beji Lotfi
Published: May 2017

Current-voltage, capacitance-voltage-frequency characteristics, and impedance spectroscopy (IS) under conditions of reverse and forward bias are reported in Au/CdS/porous GaAs/GaAs devices. By comparing the C-V and C-f measurements, a possible existence of two depletion layers in our structure is discussed. In contrast to the typically expected parallel association of resistive and capacitive elements, an equivalent circuit is extracted from impedance plots, which employs the constant phase element and accounts for trap states and frequency dispersion. IS makes it possible not only to clarify the contribution of additional capacitive component due to the porous GaAs/GaAs interface by using an appropriate equivalent circuit model analysis but also to estimate a more reliable capacitance value of every junction in the structure.
A fundamental solution to the Schrödinger equation with Doss potentials and its smoothness
Authors: Grothaus Martin , Riemann Felix
Published: May 2017

We construct a fundamental solution to the Schrödinger equation for a class of potentials of polynomial type by a complex scaling approach as in the work of Doss [Commun. Math. Phys. 73, 247–264 (1980)]. The solution is given as the generalized expectation of a white noise distribution. Moreover, we obtain an explicit formula as the expectation of a function of Brownian motion. This allows us to show its differentiability in the classical sense. The admissible potentials may grow super-quadratically; thus by a result from the work of Yajima [Commun. Math. Phys. 181, 605–629 (1996)], the solution does not belong to the self-adjoint extension of the Hamiltonian.
Short pulse, high resolution, backlighters for point projection high-energy radiography at the National Ignition Facility
Authors: Tommasini R. , Bailey C. , Bradley D. K. , Bowers M. , Chen H. , Di Nicola J. M. , Di Nicola P. , Gururangan G. , Hall G. N. , Hardy C. M. , Hargrove D. , Hermann M. , Hohenberger M. , Holder J. P. , Hsing W. , Izumi N. , Kalantar D. , Khan S. , Kroll J. , Landen O. L. , Lawson J. , Martinez D. , Masters N. , Nafziger J. R. , Nagel S. R. , Nikroo A. , Okui J. , Palmer D. , Sigurdsson R. , Vonhof S. , Wallace R. J. , Zobrist T.
Published: May 2017

High-resolution, high-energy X-ray backlighters are very active area of research for radiography experiments at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) [Miller et al., Nucl. Fusion 44, S228 (2004)], in particular those aiming at obtaining Compton-scattering produced radiographs from the cold, dense fuel surrounding the hot spot. We report on experiments to generate and characterize point-projection-geometry backlighters using short pulses from the advanced radiographic capability (ARC) [Crane et al., J. Phys. 244, 032003 (2010); Di Nicola et al., Proc. SPIE 2015, 93450I-12], at the NIF, focused on Au micro-wires. We show the first hard X-ray radiographs, at photon energies exceeding 60 keV, of static objects obtained with 30 ps-long ARC laser pulses, and the measurements of strength of the X-ray emission, the pulse duration and the source size of the Au micro-wire backlighters. For the latter, a novel technique has been developed and successfully applied.
Simulation of self-generated magnetic fields in an inertial fusion hohlraum environment
Authors: Farmer W. A. , Koning J. M. , Strozzi D. J. , Hinkel D. E. , Berzak Hopkins L. F. , Jones O. S. , Rosen M. D.
Published: May 2017

We present radiation-hydrodynamic simulations of self-generated magnetic field in a hohlraum, which show an increased temperature in large regions of the underdense fill. Non-parallel gradients in electron density and temperature in a laser-heated plasma give rise to a self-generated field by the “Biermann battery” mechanism. Here, HYDRA simulations of three hohlraum designs on the National Ignition Facility are reported, which use a partial magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) description that includes the self-generated source term, resistive dissipation, and advection of the field due to both the plasma flow and the Nernst term. Anisotropic electron heat conduction parallel and perpendicular to the field is included, but not the Righi-Leduc heat flux. The field strength is too small to compete significantly with plasma pressure, but affects plasma conditions by reducing electron heat conduction perpendicular to the field. Significant reductions in heat flux can occur, especially for high Z plasma, at modest values of the Hall parameter, Ωeτei≲1, where Ωe=eB/mec and τei is the electron-ion collision time. The inclusion of MHD in the simulations leads to 1 keV hotter electron temperatures in the laser entrance hole and high-Z wall blowoff, which reduces inverse-bremsstrahlung absorption of the laser beam. This improves propagation of the inner beams pointed at the hohlraum equator, resulting in a symmetry shift of the resulting capsule implosion towards a more prolate shape. The time of peak x-ray production in the capsule shifts later by only 70 ps (within experimental uncertainty), but a decomposition of the hotspot shape into Legendre moments indicates a shift of P2/P0 by ∼20%. This indicates that MHD cannot explain why simulated x-ray drive exceeds measured levels, but may be partially responsible for failures to correctly model the symmetry.
Resonant tunneling effect in graphene superlattice heterostructures by tuning the electric potential of defect layer
Authors: Kumar Mishra Shakti , Kumar Amar , Prakash Kaushik Chetan , Dikshit Biswaranjan
Published: May 2017

In this paper, we have demonstrated the electronic resonant tunneling effect in graphene superlattice heterostructures with an electric potential controlled defect layer. This layer is created by a single irregular electrode inserted in between two different superlattices. We have numerically investigated the tunable giant thermoelectric effect in the above-mentioned structure which is caused by complete electronic tunneling using a transfer matrix approach. The magnitude of the maximum Seebeck coefficient generated in the above structures is several times more than that in an individual superlattice as well as in superlattice heterostructures. This structure can be tuned to give a maximum Seebeck coefficient by varying the applied voltage on the defect layer. By this method, the magnitude of the Seebeck coefficient is found to be 384.9 mV/K, which is the largest reported ever. The tunneling state and the maximum value of the Seebeck coefficient are found to be located in the small overlapped forbidden gap of two graphene superlattices. This voltage controlled tuning technique for complete electronic tunneling is practically preferable against the width controlled technique reported in the literature. These types of structures are important for graphene-based devices which can be used for efficient thermoelectric devices in energy harvesting and high-Q narrowband electron wave filters.
Thermodynamics of self-oscillations in VO2 for spiking solid-state neurons
Authors: Lepage D. , Chaker M.
Published: May 2017

Neuron-like mechanisms under DC bias are observed in two-port VO2 pads. We investigate these self-oscillations responses for different types of VO2 and uncovered an underlying story common to all materials on how self-oscillations arise. From the electronic responses measured as a function of temperature and time, we determined three precise conditions inducing self-oscillations and very large current spikes. Rather than being caused by an electronic capacitance as previously understood, we prove that such self-oscillations are caused by thermodynamic interactions entirely predicted by material constants. These calculations should extend to other materials, enabling the design of various low-power thermoelectronic computing circuits.
Epitaxial growth and band alignment properties of NiO/GaN heterojunction for light emitting diode applications
Authors: Baraik Kiran , Singh S. D. , Kumar Yogesh , Ajimsha R. S. , Misra P. , Jha S. N. , Ganguli Tapas
Published: May 2017

Epitaxial NiO layers have been grown on GaN templates with the out-of-plane and in-plane epitaxial relationship of [111]NiO ǁ [0001]GaN and [-110]NiO ǁ [-12-10]GaN, respectively. The epitaxial NiO layer is found to have two domain structures oriented along the [111] direction with an in-plane rotation of ∼60° with respect to each other. A type-II band alignment with valence and conduction band offset values of 1.4 ± 0.1 eV and 1.9 ± 0.1 eV, respectively, has been obtained from photoemission spectroscopy. The determined band offset values and band alignment are helpful to determine charge transport and recombination mechanisms in optoelectronic devices based on the NiO/GaN heterojunction.
Selective acquisition of multiple states on hybrid Poincare sphere
Authors: Fu Shiyao , Wang Tonglu , Zhang Zheyuan , Zhai Yanwang , Gao Chunqing
Published: May 2017

We experimentally demonstrate an approach to acquire multiple beams on a hybrid Poincare sphere, where different states are present at various diffraction orders. Moreover, the state in each diffraction order is controllable. Our scheme is accomplished by employing liquid crystal spatial light modulators, which act as anisotropic polarization diffraction gratings. The multiple states generated in the experiment, with various polarization distributions, are verified by a polarizer and a tilted lens, showing good agreement with the prediction. Such a proposed scheme has potential applications in the domains as laser machining, nanoparticle manipulations, and so on.
Transmural transverse stiffness estimation in vascular shear wave imaging: A simulation and phantom study
Authors: Guo Yuexin , Lo Ho Yuen , Lee Wei-Ning
Published: May 2017

Shear wave imaging has emerged as a potential non-invasive technique for the quantitative assessment of the arterial shear modulus. Nonetheless, the arterial elasticity estimation in the transverse direction has been overlooked compared with the longitudinal direction, and the estimated transmural stiffness has rarely been evaluated. Accurate depiction of the transverse stiffness across the thin arterial wall warrants comprehensive characterization in both normal and pathological conditions. This study estimated the transmural arterial shear modulus in both the longitudinal (μLong) and transverse directions (μTrans) using group (cT) and phase velocities (cph) in finite element models and hollow cylindrical tissue-mimicking phantoms with various shape factors. The results were validated against mechanical testing. Zero-order antisymmetric Lamb wave and circumferential Lamb type wave models were considered in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the thin-walled hollow cylinder, respectively. The results derived from the model with the thin plate assumption confirmed that cT underestimated μLong and μTrans. Unlike the cph-based μLong estimates that were in excellent agreement with measured values, the cph-based μTrans estimates were found to be comparable to cph-based μLong at the inner wall but increased radially outward. Transmural μTrans estimation using cph was demonstrated to be feasible for thin-walled hollow cylinders but necessitated careful account of the wall geometry, in particular the shape factor.
Tunable multiple channeled phenomena in graphene-based plasmonic Bragg reflectors
Authors: Wang Jicheng , Shao Hongyan , Song Ci , Zheng Gaige , Hu Zheng-Da , Sang Tian
Published: May 2017

Plasmonic Bragg reflectors based on graphene with multiple channeled phenomena are proposed and investigated numerically. As a mid-infrared waveguide, the monolayer graphene exhibits locally variable optical properties through the modulation of electric fields. The periodical change of the effective refractive index (ERI) on graphene can be determined by applying external gate voltage. When we introduce an unmatched configuration or gate voltage, periodicity is disrupted, and a defect resonance mode is generated. At this point, the structure can be regard as a Fabry-Perot cavity. Accordingly, multiple-channel effects can be achieved by introducing cascaded multiple defects or including double symmetrical Fabry-Perot structures. This design shows applications potential in the graphene-based optoelectronic devices, particularly in the development of low-cost hyperspectral imaging sensors in mid-infrared region.
TEM EDS analysis of epitaxially-grown self-assembled indium islands
Authors: Sears Jasmine , Gibson Ricky , Gehl Michael , Zandbergen Sander , Keiffer Patrick , Nader Nima , Hendrickson Joshua , Arnoult Alexandre , Khitrova Galina
Published: May 2017

Epitaxially-grown self-assembled indium nanostructures, or islands, show promise as nanoantennas. The elemental composition and internal structure of indium islands grown on gallium arsenide are explored using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). Several sizes of islands are examined, with larger islands exhibiting high (>94%) average indium purity and smaller islands containing inhomogeneous gallium and arsenic contamination. These results enable more accurate predictions of indium nanoantenna behavior as a function of growth parameters.
Establishing a new model of integrated primary and secondary care based around general practice: a case study of lessons learned and challenges
Authors: Jackson Claire L. , Donald Maria , Russell Anthony W. , McIntyre H. David
Published: May 2017

This case study describes the development and implementation of an innovative integrated primary–secondary model of care for people with complex diabetes. The aim of the paper is to present the experiences of clinicians and researchers involved in implementing the ‘Beacon’ model by providing a discussion of the contextual factors, including lessons learned, challenges and solutions. Beacon-type models of community care for people with chronic disease are well placed to deliver on Australia’s health care reform agenda, and this commentary provides rich contextual information relevant to the translation of such models into policy and practice.

What is known about the topic?
Better integrated clinical models of care with close cooperation between hospital-based specialists and general practitioners (GPs) is fundamental to chronic disease management.

What does this paper add?
A real world example of the challenges faced in implementing models of integrated care across diverse settings and business models.

What are the implications for clinicians?
Practice, organisational and external factors including energy clinician leadership and resourcing are critical for translation of evidence into ongoing practice.
Effect of the 4-h target on ‘time-to-ECG’ in patients presenting with chest pain to an emergency department: a pilot retrospective observational study
Authors: Hughes James A. , Cabilan C. J. , Young Caitlin , Staib Andrew
Published: May 2017

Objectives
The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between compliance with time-based Emergency Department (ED) targets (known as NEAT) and the time taken to collect an electrocardiogram (TTE) in patients presenting with chest pain.

Methods
This was a pilot descriptive retrospective cohort study completed in a large inner city tertiary ED. Patients who presented with active or recent chest pain between July 2014 and June 2015 were eligible for inclusion. Pregnant patients, inter-hospital transfers, and traumatic chest pain were excluded. A random selection of 300 patients from the eligible cohort comprised the final sample. The differences of TTE between categories of NEAT compliance were compared using Kruskal-Wallis test. Also, the factors affecting with the acquisition of ECG within ten minutes of arrival were explored using proportional hazards regression.

Results
There was a significant inverse association between the percentage of admitted patients leaving the ED within four hours (admitted NEAT) and TTE. As admitted NEAT compliance increased TTE decreased (p = 0.004). A number of variables including triage score, arrival time, total NEAT, first location, doctor wait time, and cardiac diagnosis were all significant predictors of TTE. After adjusting for other variables Admitted NEAT remained as an independent predictor of TTE.

Conclusion
There is likely to be a relationship between NEAT and TTE that is reflective of overall hospital and not just ED functioning; however the exact relationship remains uncertain. Further study in a multisite study is warranted to further explore the relationship between NEAT, TTE and other important clinical metrics of ED performance.

What is known about the topic?
The 4-h time target or National Emergency Access Target (NEAT) is implemented in Australia to ease crowding and access block. However, little is known of its effect on important clinical endpoints, particularly ‘time-to-ECG’ (TTE).

What does this paper add?
This paper demonstrates a complex relationship between measures of time-based targets, such as time to ECG. It is likely that increasing compliance with admitted NEAT shortens TTE, demonstrating the effect of hospital functioning on the ability to deliver quality care in the emergency department.

What are the implications for practitioners?
Emergency department flow has an effect on the ability of the department to deliver key assessment. There is a relationship between NEAT compliance and TTE, but the exact relationship requires further exploration in larger multicentre studies.
Phosphorus acquisition by three wheat cultivars contrasting in aluminium tolerance growing in an aluminium-rich volcanic soil
Authors: Seguel Alex , Cornejo Pablo , Ramos Ariel , Von Baer Erik , Cumming Jonathan , Borie Fernando
Published: May 2017

Phosphorus (P) deficiency and aluminium (Al) phytotoxicity are major limitations for crop yield in acid soils. To ameliorate such limitations, agricultural management includes application of lime and P fertilisers, and the use of Al-tolerant plant genotypes. The mechanisms of Al tolerance and P efficiency may be closely related through strategies that decrease the toxicity of the Al3+ ion and increase P availability in soils. However, the effects of soils with high Al saturation on P acquisition by wheat have been little studied under field conditions. The aim of this work was to study Al–P interactions on wheat genotypes of contrasting Al tolerance when grown under field conditions in a volcanic soil with high Al saturation (32%) and low pH (5.0). A field-plot experiment was performed with winter wheat genotypes, two Al-tolerant (TCRB14 and TINB14) and one Al-sensitive (STKI14), with application of 0, 44 and 88 kg P ha–1. At the end of tillering and after physiological maturity (90 and 210 days after sowing), plants were harvested and yield and P and Al concentrations in shoots and roots were measured. Soil acid phosphatase, root arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonisation, AM spore number and soil glomalin were determined. Shoot and root production and P uptake were higher in Al-tolerant genotypes than the sensitive genotype. In addition, root AM colonisation and soil acid phosphatase activity were also higher in tolerant genotypes. By contrast, Al concentration in shoots and roots was higher in the sensitive genotype with a concomitant decrease in P concentration. Grain yield of Al-tolerant genotypes was higher than of the Al-sensitive genotype with and without P fertiliser. Overall, the Al-tolerant genotypes were more effective at P acquisition from soil as well as from P fertiliser added, suggesting that plant traits such as Al tolerance, P efficiency, and AM colonisation potential co-operate in overcoming adverse acid soil conditions.