bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Una especie nueva de Mimulus L. (Sección Simiolus, Phrymaceae) del noreste de Michoacán, México
Authors: Pérez-Calix Emmanuel , Zamudio Sergio
Published: January 2017

Se describe e ilustra como nueva especie para la ciencia a Mimulus minimus con base en material colectado en las montañas del noreste del estado de Michoacán, en sitios húmedos en el bosque de Pinus-Quercus-Cupressus. El nuevo taxon se ubica en la sección Simiolus Greene (subgénero Synplacus Grant); se discuten las semejanzas y diferencias que guarda con Mimulus calciphilus Gentry, M. depressus Phil., M. glabratus Kunth, M. minutiflorus Vickery, M. wiensii Vickery, M. yecorensis Vickery y M. guttatus DC. especies que parecen ser las más cercanas morfológicamente.
Una nueva especie de Mammillaria (Cactaceae) para Tamaulipas, México
Authors: Martínez-Ávalos José Guadalupe , Golubov Jordan , Arias Salvador , Villarreal-Quintanilla José Ángel
Published: January 2017

Se propone a Mammillaria cielensis (Cactaceae), como una especie nueva de la Reserva de la Biosfera “El Cielo” (RBC) en Tamaulipas, México. Es morfológicamente muy similar a M. zublerae Repp., de la cual difiere en el tamaño del tallo, la forma redondeada del ápice, los tubérculos de menor tamaño y glabros, aréolas con lana blanca, las espinas radiales y centrales más numerosas y ligeramente más cortas, frutos de diferente color y tamaño, la semilla de mayor tamaño, con testa porosa y el hilo de mayores dimensiones. Su distribución conocida se restringe al bosque de pino encino en el área de la RBC, al sur del estado de Tamaulipas, México. Se presenta una comparación con las especies afines.
Paul Arnold Fryxell (1927-2011)
Authors: Wendt Tom
Published: January 2017

Obituario dedicado a Paul Arnold Fryxell (1927-2011); botánico reconocido, fue presidente de la Sociedad Americana de Taxónomos Vegetales (1983-1984), así como de la Sociedad de Botánica Económica (1988-1989), y fue acreedor al premio “Henry Allan Gleason” en 1989, por su obra Malvaceae de México.
La flora vascular endémica en el estado de Querétaro. I. Análisis numéricos preliminares y definición de áreas de concentración de las especies de distribución restringida
Authors: Rzedowski Jerzy , Calderón de Rzedowski Graciela , Zamudio Sergio
Published: January 2017

The vascular flora of the state of Queretaro is now estimated in somewhat more than 4000 species. 1625 of these (among species and subspecific entities) have been critically treated in 174 published fascicles of the Flora del Bajío y de Regiones Adyacentes. Out of these 1625 taxa, 588 (36.18%) are of wide distribution. Out of the remaining 1037, 709 (43.63%) are only known from Mexico and 328 (20.18%) limit their distribution to Megamexico 1, Megamexico 2 and Megamexico 3; 45 (2.76%) species are endemic to the limits of the state of Queretaro: 26 (1.6%) are only known from the states of Queretaro and Hidalgo. The Sierra Madre Oriental, central Mexico, the Mexican High Plateau and the Volcanic Transversal Belt contribute respectively with 94 (5.78%), 92 (5.66%), 37 (2.27%) and 13 (0.8%) species of distribution restricted to their respective regions of Mexico. The following parts of Querétaro are identified as particularly diverse in species endemic to the state limits: a) the Queretaran part of Sierra Madre Oriental, b) the driest region of the state located in its central part, c) the deep canyon of Moctezuma river, d) the highest part of Zamorano peak.
PENGEMBANGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN SOFT SKILLS TERPADU DALAM PEMBELAJARAN PENJASORKES PADA SEKOLAH MENENGAH PERTAMA
Authors: Indriharta Lilik , Suharjana S. , Marzuki M.
Published: January 2017

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk: (1) mengembangkan model pembelajaran soft skills terpadu, (2) menganalisis keberhasilan pelaksanaan pembelajaran soft skills terpadu, dan (3) me-nganalisis dampak penerapan model pembelajaran Soft Skills Terpadu dalam pembelajaran Penjasorkes di Sekolah Menengah Pertama terhadap siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan (Research & Development). Subjek uji coba dalam penelitian ini adalah kelas VII pada 4 SMP Negeri di Kota Yoyakarta. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Tahap pengembangan model pembelajaran soft skills terpadu dalam pembelajaran Penjasorkes adalah tahap pendahuluan, pengembangan, dan evaluasi dengam hasil perangkat model berupa buku panduan, perangkat penilaian, dan instrumen pengembangan model pembelajaran. (2) Model pembelajaran soft skills terpadu dalam pembelajaran Penjasorkes menunjukkan tingkat keterlaksanaan yang tergolong sangat baik, memenuhi kriteria valid, sangat efektif, dan sangat praktis. (3) Model pembelajaran Soft Skills Terpadu dalam pembelajaran Penjasorkes di Sekolah Menengah Pertama mampu mengembangkan soft skills siswa.Kata kunci: model pembelajaran soft skills terpadu, pembelajaran pendidikan jasmani, olahraga, dan kesehatan, sekolah menengah pertama DEVELOPING INTEGRATED SOFT SKILLS LEARNING MODEL IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION, SPORT, HEALTH, AND RECREATION INSTRUCTION IN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOLAbstractThis research is aimed at: (1) developing integrated soft skills learning model, (2) analyzing the success of integrated soft skills learning model implementation, and (3) analyzing the impact of the implementation of integrated soft skills learning model in physical education, sport, health, and recreation instruction on the students of junior high school. The research was a research adn development (R & D). The subject of the research was students of grade VII in four junior high schools in Yogyakarta Municipality. Data analysis was conducted using qualitative and quantitative descriptive method. The result of the research shows that: (1) The stages of developing integrated soft skills learning model in physical education, sport, health, and recreation instruction include the stages of introduction, development, and evaluation which results model set in the form of handbook, assessment set, and instrument of learning model development. (2) Integrated soft skills learning model in physical education, sport, health, and recreation instruction reveals a very good level of implementation, fulfills the ‘valid’ citerion, is very effective and also practical. (3) Integrated soft skills learning model in physical education, sport, health, and recreation instruction in junior high school is capable to develop students’ soft skills.Keywords: integrated soft skills learning model; physical education, sport, health, and recreation instruction; junior high school
KEPEMIMPINAN (UNTUK) PEMBELAJARAN: JEMBATAN UNTUK MEMPERKUAT PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER
Authors: Wibowo Udik Budi
Published: January 2017

Pendidikan dipandang belum dapat melahirkan dalam jumlah banyak manusia pintar, bermoral, dan profesional, yang mampu mengedepankan nilai-nilai kemanusiaan dan ketaqwaan dalam perilaku keseharian. Sehubungan dengan itu kepemimpinan untuk pembelajaran dapat dijadikan strategi dan solusi guna menjawab keprihatinan bangsa tersebut. Kepemimpinan untuk pembelajaran berkaitan dengan pengelolaan penjaminan kualitas pembelajaran, yang dapat menciptakan lingkungan pembelajaran yang kondusif untuk mengembangkan potensi peserta didik seutuhnya sehingga dapat mencapai prestasi akademik dan non-akademik yang maksimal, serta bermanfaat bagi kehidupan sendiri dan lingkungannya. Kepemimpinan pembelajaran mengutamakan praktek-praktek pendidikan yang ideal dengan landasan kebenaran, keadilan, kemanusiaan, dan estetika (keindahan); sehingga dapat melahirkan insan-insan yang berkarakter mulia dan profesional.Kata kunci: kepemimpinan untuk pembelajaran, kualitas pembelajaran, insan berkarakter, dan pengembangan sekolah LEADERSHIP (FOR) LEARNING: BRIDGE TO STRENGTHEN THE CHARACTER BUILDINGAbstractEducation couldn’t have been produced a large number of peoples who smart,  have high moral standards, and professional, yet; who capable to give priority to human values and faithful in daily live. In keeping with the nation concern, leadership for learning could be use as a strategy or an alternative solution. Leadership for learning concerned with learning quality assurance management, which can create condusive learning environment to develop the wholeness student potential, so he/she could reach maximum academic and non-academic achievement, which is worthwhile for him/her-self live, and the environment. Leaderhip for learning consider as most important the ideal of educational practices, based on truth, justice, humanity, and aesthetics; so it could provide a large number of noble and professional peoples.Keywords: leadership for learning, learning quality, noble people, and school improvement
KEBIJAKAN KEPALA SEKOLAH DALAM PENDAYAGUNAAN MODAL SOSIAL UNTUK PENINGKATAN VITALITAS SEKOLAH MENENGAH PERTAMA SWASTA
Authors: Suwadi Suwadi , Suyata Suyata , Sumarno Sumarno
Published: January 2017

Studi ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan pola pendayagunaan modal sosial untuk peningkatan vitalitas sekolah swasta. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif naturalistik. Lokasinya di Kabupaten Sleman. Subjek terdiri dari tiga kasus yang dipilih secara purposive. Prosedur penelitian ditempuh dengan empat langkah, dengan metode penggalian data: observasi, wawancara mendalam, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan model induktif sedangkan tingkat kepercayaan hasil-hasil penelitian ditempuh dengan cara terpenuhinya kriteria kredibilitas, transferabilitas, dependabilitas dan konformabilitas. Temuan penelitian adalah sebagai berikut. Pertama, terdapat variasi dalam pemanfaatan modal sosial sekolah. Kedua, pendayagunaan modal sosial menunjukkan pola menjembatani dan mempererat melalui komponen jejaring, relasi saling menguntungkan dan membantu, dan kepercayaan. Ketiga, kebijakan kepada sekolah dalam memanfaatkan modal sosial ditunjukkan oleh integritas sekolah dalam program pengembangan akademik, sumber daya manusia, sistem pendanaan dan budaya lokal. Keempat, kebijakan pemanfaatan modal sosial didasarkan pada nilai militansi dan loyalitas (kasus pertama),nilai silaturahim dan syafaat (kasus kedua), dan universalisme Islam (kasus ketiga).
Escrever Portugal em língua estrangeira: Oh! Lusitania, de Rui Pires Cabral
Authors: Pimenta Tamy De Macedo
Published: January 2017

Livro resenhado:

PIRES CABRAL, Rui. Oh! Lusitania. Lisboa: Paralelo W, 2014.

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21881/abriluff.2016n17a387
Apresentação
Authors: Amâncio Iris Maria Da Costa , Pinto Madalena Simões de Almeida Vaz
Published: January 2017

Apresentação à Abril 17.

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21881/abriluff.2016n17a400
KAPITALISME LOKAL SUKU BAJO
Authors: Isiyana Wianti Nur , Hadi Dharmawan Arya , Kinseng Rilus
Published: January 2017

Transformasi ekonomi pedesaan tidak terkecuali juga dialami oleh komunitas nelayan suku Bajo. Transformasi yang dialami masyarakat Bajo saat ini juga merujuk pada perubahan masyarakat pedesaan berbasis pada pertumbuhan dan mekanisme kapitalis pasar. Mola adalah gambaran unik komunitas nelayan Bajo yang telah mengalami transformasi sosial dalam bentuk modernisasi. Kenyataan ini jauh berbeda Mantigola. Perubahan masyarakat Bajo kearah kapitalisme ditengarai oleh peran dari pertukaran ekonomi, dan penetrasi nilai-nilai yang dibawa oleh An Tje. Perubahan orientasi ekonomi ke arah kapitalisme juga disebabkan oleh peran besar dari orang Mandati yang adalah para kapitalis, yang memberikan iklim yang kondusif dalam berusaha. Sebaliknya, Bagi Bajo Mantigola, kemandekan ekonomi disebabkan adaptasi terhadap diskriminasi yang dilakukan oleh orang Kaledupa, pembatasan terhadap ruang nafkah oleh taman nasional, pelarangan untuk menangkap di perairan Australia, dan ketergantungan dari orang-orang Mola. Kemudian, agama juga menjadi faktor pendorong terjadinya kapitalisme di Mola. Kapitalisme lokal suku Bajo juga berkembang melalui etika, namun etika yang dianut oleh masyarakat Bajo Mola yang kapitalis lokal tidak seperti etika yang dianut oleh para kapitalis penuh ala masyarakat Barat yang sangat individualisme. Maka dengan melihat ranah sejarah tersebut, teori Weber lebih bisa menjelaskan sejarah munculnya kapitalisme di aras individu. Sementara teori Marx digunakan untuk memahami bentuk eksploitasi yang dilakukan oleh orang-orang Mola terhadap saudaranya, namun bukan seperti eksploitasi yang sangat serakah seperti yang diungkapkan oleh Marx, karena masih bercokolnya nilai-nilai tertentu yang mengatur kehidupan berekonomi ala suku Bajo
Learning to Love the World Anew: Vatican ii and Catholic Social Ethics
Authors: Mannion Gerard
Published: January 2017

This article explores how Catholic social ethics was developed and transformed since the late 1950s. It notes major shifts in perspective, method, and focus, thanks to John xxiii, before turning to examine how Vatican ii itself took this transformation further still, through the conciliar discussions and eventual key documents. It offers a summary and assessment of the most important conciliar documents in this respect. It then, in turn, explores the most significant developments in Catholic social ethics under each subsequent pontificate, focusing both on key teaching documents and on notable events, movements, and methods that emerged. In exploring the ebb and flow in Catholic social ethics in this period, the article particularly compares differing church-world dynamics evident in each period considered. Finally, it offers an overview and assessment of the transformative effect of Pope Francis's pontificate to date upon social ethics. In offering “joined-up” social ethics, Francis is not only helping to make the social vision of Vatican ii a major missionary priority for the church once again in interconnected and surprising ways, but is also offering genuinely groundbreaking contributions to the corpus of social thought and practice. As increasing numbers of Catholics find renewed inspiration in the socially transformative power of the gospel once more and find collaborators who share such values, the coming decades could prove to be among the most fruitful of all for the church's call to justice.
Corrosion behavior of welded Ni-Co-Cr-Si alloys during exposure in integrated coal gasification combined cycle syngas plants
Authors: Lee Sungkyu , Kim Min Jung , Lee Jieun , Park Joohyun , Kang Suk-Hwan , Lee Seung-Jong , Yun Yongseung
Published: January 2017

The corrosion behavior of commercially available and welded Haynes® 160® Ni-Co-Cr-Si alloy samples was investigated by exposure to coal-gasifying integrated coal gasification combined cycle pilot plant facilities under typical conditions as 2.005 MPa and 160 to 300 °C. The morphological and microstructural analyses of the exposed samples were conducted using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis on the external surface of the recovered corrosion test samples to obtain information of the corrosion scale. These analyses based on the pre- and post-exposure corrosion test samples combined with thermodynamic Ellingham-Pourbaix stability diagrams provided preliminary insight into the mechanism of the observed corrosion behavior prevailing in the piping materials that connected the particulate removal unit and the water scrubber of the integrated coal gasification combined cycle pilot plant. Uniform material wastage was observed after 46 hours of operation, and a preliminary corrosion mechanism was suggested: the observed material waste and corrosion behavior of the Haynes® 160® Ni-Co-Cr-Si alloy samples cut off from the coal syngas integrated coal gasification combined cycle plant were explained by the formation of discontinuous (complex) oxide phases and subsequent chlorine-induced active oxidation under the predominantly reducing environment encountered. This contribution supplements the already published studies of Haynes® 556® Fe-Ni-Cr-Co alloys and Haynes® 230® nickel-based superalloys and completes the comprehensive series of such coal-gasifying integrated coal gasification combined cycle pilot plant exposure tests using the facilities affiliated with the Institute for Advanced Engineering.
Batteries: Recent Advances in Carbon Materials
Authors: Cheng I.
Published: January 2017

We welcome readers to this Special Issue of C. From the standpoint of economics of energy storage, carbon electrodes offer the practicality of large-scale applications with the promise of improved performance.[...]
Dynamic Features of the Highly Excited Vibrational States of the HOCl Non-Integrable System Based on the Dynamic Potential and Lyapunov Exponent Approaches
Authors: Wang Aixing , Fang Chao , Liu Yibao
Published: January 2017

In this article the dynamic features of the highly excited vibrational states of the hypochlorous acid (HOCl) non-integrable system are studied using the dynamic potential and Lyapunov exponent approaches. On the condition that the 3:1 resonance between the H–O stretching and H–O–Cl bending modes accompany the 2:1 Fermi resonance between the O–Cl stretching and H–O–Cl bending modes, it is found that the dynamic potentials of the highly excited vibrational states vary regularly with different Polyad numbers (P numbers). As the P number increases, the dynamic potentials of the H–O stretching mode remain the same, but those of the H–O–Cl bending mode gradually become complex. In order to investigate the chaotic and stable features of the highly excited vibrational states of the HOCl non-integrable system, the Lyapunov exponents of different energy levels lying in the dynamic potentials of the H–O–Cl bending mode (P = 4 and 5) are calculated. It is shown that the Lyapunov exponents of the energy levels staying in the junction of Morse potential and inverse Morse potential are relative large, which indicates the degrees of chaos for these energy levels is relatively high, but the stabilities of the corresponding states are good. These results could be interpreted as the intramolecular vibrational relaxation (IVR) acting strongly via the HOCl bending motion and causing energy transfers among different modes. Based on the previous studies, these conclusions seem to be generally valid to some extent for non-integrable triatomic molecules.
The CSIRO Healthy Diet Score: An Online Survey to Estimate Compliance with the Australian Dietary Guidelines
Authors: Hendrie Gilly , Baird Danielle , Golley Rebecca , Noakes Manny
Published: January 2017

There are few dietary assessment tools that are scientifically developed and freely available online. The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Healthy Diet Score survey asks questions about the quantity, quality, and variety of foods consumed. On completion, individuals receive a personalised Diet Score—reflecting their overall compliance with the Australian Dietary Guidelines. Over 145,000 Australians have completed the survey since it was launched in May 2015. The average Diet Score was 58.8 out of a possible 100 (SD = 12.9). Women scored higher than men; older adults higher than younger adults; and normal weight adults higher than obese adults. It was most common to receive feedback about discretionary foods (73.8% of the sample), followed by dairy foods (55.5%) and healthy fats (47.0%). Results suggest that Australians’ diets are not consistent with the recommendations in the guidelines. The combination of using technology and providing the tool free of charge has attracted a lot of traffic to the website, providing valuable insights into what Australians’ report to be eating. The use of technology has also enhanced the user experience, with individuals receiving immediate and personalised feedback. This survey tool will be useful to monitor population diet quality and understand the degree to Australians’ diets comply with dietary guidelines.
A Review of Multiscale Computational Methods in Polymeric Materials
Authors: Gooneie Ali , Schuschnigg Stephan , Holzer Clemens
Published: January 2017

Polymeric materials display distinguished characteristics which stem from the interplay of phenomena at various length and time scales. Further development of polymer systems critically relies on a comprehensive understanding of the fundamentals of their hierarchical structure and behaviors. As such, the inherent multiscale nature of polymer systems is only reflected by a multiscale analysis which accounts for all important mechanisms. Since multiscale modelling is a rapidly growing multidisciplinary field, the emerging possibilities and challenges can be of a truly diverse nature. The present review attempts to provide a rather comprehensive overview of the recent developments in the field of multiscale modelling and simulation of polymeric materials. In order to understand the characteristics of the building blocks of multiscale methods, first a brief review of some significant computational methods at individual length and time scales is provided. These methods cover quantum mechanical scale, atomistic domain (Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics), mesoscopic scale (Brownian dynamics, dissipative particle dynamics, and lattice Boltzmann method), and finally macroscopic realm (finite element and volume methods). Afterwards, different prescriptions to envelope these methods in a multiscale strategy are discussed in details. Sequential, concurrent, and adaptive resolution schemes are presented along with the latest updates and ongoing challenges in research. In sequential methods, various systematic coarse-graining and backmapping approaches are addressed. For the concurrent strategy, we aimed to introduce the fundamentals and significant methods including the handshaking concept, energy-based, and force-based coupling approaches. Although such methods are very popular in metals and carbon nanomaterials, their use in polymeric materials is still limited. We have illustrated their applications in polymer science by several examples hoping for raising attention towards the existing possibilities. The relatively new adaptive resolution schemes are then covered including their advantages and shortcomings. Finally, some novel ideas in order to extend the reaches of atomistic techniques are reviewed. We conclude the review by outlining the existing challenges and possibilities for future research.
Chitosan Combined with ZnO, TiO2 and Ag Nanoparticles for Antimicrobial Wound Healing Applications: A Mini Review of the Research Trends
Authors: Bui Vu , Park Duckshin , Lee Young-Chul
Published: January 2017

Chitosan is a natural polymer that has been widely utilized for many purposes in the food, textile, agriculture, water treatment, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Based on its characteristics, including biodegradability, non-toxicity and antimicrobial properties, it has been employed effectively in wound healing applications. Importantly, however, it is necessary to improve chitosan’s capacities by combination with zinc oxide (ZnO), titanium dioxide (TiO2) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs). In this review of many of the latest research papers, we take a closer look at the antibacterial effectiveness of chitosan combined with ZnO, TiO2 and Ag NPs and also evaluate the specific wound healing application potentials.
Integration of RTO and MPC in the Hydrogen Network of a Petrol Refinery
Authors: De Prada Cesar , Sarabia Daniel , Gutierrez Gloria , Gomez Elena , Marmol Sergio , Sola Mikel , Pascual Carlos , Gonzalez Rafael
Published: January 2017

This paper discusses the problems associated with the implementation of Real Time Optimization/Model Predictive Control (RTO/MPC) systems, taking as reference the hydrogen distribution network of an oil refinery involving eighteen plants. This paper addresses the main problems related to the operation of the network, combining data reconciliation and a RTO system, designed for the optimal generation and redistribution of hydrogen, with a predictive controller for the on-line implementation of the optimal policies. This paper describes the architecture of the implementation, showing how RTO and MPC can be integrated, as well as the benefits obtained in terms of improved information about the process, increased hydrocarbon load to the treatment plants and reduction of the hydrogen required for performing the operations.
Research Data Reusability: Conceptual Foundations, Barriers and Enabling Technologies
Authors: Thanos Costantino
Published: January 2017

High-throughput scientific instruments are generating massive amounts of data. Today, one of the main challenges faced by researchers is to make the best use of the world’s growing wealth of data. Data (re)usability is becoming a distinct characteristic of modern scientific practice. By data (re)usability, we mean the ease of using data for legitimate scientific research by one or more communities of research (consumer communities) that is produced by other communities of research (producer communities). Data (re)usability allows the reanalysis of evidence, reproduction and verification of results, minimizing duplication of effort, and building on the work of others. It has four main dimensions: policy, legal, economic and technological. The paper addresses the technological dimension of data reusability. The conceptual foundations of data reuse as well as the barriers that hamper data reuse are presented and discussed. The data publication process is proposed as a bridge between the data author and user and the relevant technologies enabling this process are presented.
Estimating Savanna Clumping Index Using Hemispherical Photographs Integrated with High Resolution Remote Sensing Images
Authors: Li Jucai , Fan Wenjie , Liu Yuan , Zhu Gaolong , Peng Jingjing , Xu Xiru
Published: January 2017

In contrast to herbaceous canopies and forests, savannas are grassland ecosystems with sparsely distributed individual trees, so the canopy is spatially heterogeneous and open, whereas the woody cover in savannas, e.g., tree cover, adversely affects ecosystem structures and functions. Studies have shown that the dynamics of canopy structure are related to available water, climate, and human activities in the form of porosity, leaf area index (LAI), and clumping index (CI). Therefore, it is important to identify the biophysical parameters of savanna ecosystems, and undertake practical actions for savanna conservation and management. The canopy openness presents a challenge for evaluating canopy LAI and other biophysical parameters, as most remotely sensed methods were developed for homogeneous and closed canopies. Clumping index is a key variable that can represent the clumping effect from spatial distribution patterns of components within a canopy. However, it is a difficult task to measure the clumping index of the moderate resolution savanna pixels directly using optical instruments, such as the Tracing Radiation and Architecture of Canopies, LAI-2000 Canopy Analyzer, or digital hemispherical photography. This paper proposed a new method using hemispherical photographs combined with high resolution remote sensing images to estimate the clumping index of savanna canopies. The effects of single tree LAI, crown density, and herbaceous layer on the clumping index of savanna pixels were also evaluated. The proposed method effectively calculated the clumping index of moderate resolution pixels. The clumping indices of two study regions located in Ejina Banner and Weichang were compared with the clumping index product over China’s landmass.
Design and Integration for High Performance Robotic Systems Based on Decomposition and Hybridization Approaches
Authors: Zhang Dan , Wei Bin
Published: January 2017

Currently, the uses of robotics are limited with respect to performance capabilities. Improving the performance of robotic mechanisms is and still will be the main research topic in the next decade. In this paper, design and integration for improving performance of robotic systems are achieved through three different approaches, i.e., structure synthesis design approach, dynamic balancing approach, and adaptive control approach. The purpose of robotic mechanism structure synthesis design is to propose certain mechanism that has better kinematic and dynamic performance as compared to the old ones. For the dynamic balancing design approach, it is normally accomplished based on employing counterweights or counter-rotations. The potential issue is that more weight and inertia will be included in the system. Here, reactionless based on the reconfiguration concept is put forward, which can address the mentioned problem. With the mechanism reconfiguration, the control system needs to be adapted thereafter. One way to address control system adaptation is by applying the “divide and conquer” methodology. It entails modularizing the functionalities: breaking up the control functions into small functional modules, and from those modules assembling the control system according to the changing needs of the mechanism.
Modes of Governing and Policy of Local and Regional Governments Supporting Local Low-Carbon Energy Initiatives; Exploring the Cases of the Dutch Regions of Overijssel and Fryslân
Authors: Warbroek Beau , Hoppe Thomas
Published: January 2017

Recent scholarly attention shows increasing involvement of local low-carbon energy initiatives (LLCEIs) in governance and policy, in particular in relation to innovations regarding low-carbon energy and energy efficiency. The future perspective of active citizenship in the production of locally generated low-carbon energy is largely dependent on the existing institutional and policy frameworks and settings. Subnational governments, in particular, can have a prominent role in this process by engaging in institutional adaptation and policy innovation. The central research question of this paper is: In what ways do local and regional governments innovate in governing to respond to the emergence of LLCEIs? The research question is answered by comparing two case studies: the Dutch regions of Overijssel and Fryslân. We have conceptualized a meta-governing approach of experimentation, characterizing the innovations in governing that emerge when governments respond to the emergence of LLCEIs. We specifically focus on two capacities that subnational governments can use to enhance their governing capacity vis-à-vis LLCEIs and which substantiate the experimental meta-governance mode: institutional adaptation and policy innovation. We then formulated hypotheses that specify the expected policy innovations and institutional adaptations employed vis-à-vis LLCEIs. Data collection involved in-depth interviews and use of secondary data. The results show that a balancing process of authoritative and enabling modes of governing particularly characterized the type of policy innovations that were developed and the institutional adaptations that took place. Both provinces govern LLCEIs at arm’s length and issue significant capacity-building strategies that vary in terms of their conditions. Municipalities, however, incline towards impromptu and opportunistic responses, some of them having lasting effects by patching up existing institutional settings, others having more of an episodic character. The results will further the understanding of subnational low-carbon policy and governance innovation processes vis-à-vis the role of LLCEIs.
Determinants of Farmers’ Intention to Adopt Water Saving Measures: Evidence from Italy
Authors: Pino Giovanni , Toma Pierluigi , Rizzo Cristian , Miglietta Pier , Peluso Alessandro , Guido Gianluigi
Published: January 2017

The present research is aimed at establishing how farmers can be encouraged to adopt irrigation water saving measures. By developing and implementing an extended version of the well-known Theory of Planned Behavior, we considered farmers’ propensity to adopt innovations and their water footprints. In a sample of 150 Italian farmers, we found that favorable attitudes towards water saving measures, and the orientations of environmental associations and public bodies favorably influence farmers’ intentions to adopt water saving measures. Farmers’ innovativeness and water footprints also exert a significant influence on their adoption intentions. The paper also discusses the contribution of these results to the previous literature and highlights practical implications for policy makers interested in promoting the adoption of irrigation water saving measures.
Scale-Free Relationships between Social and Landscape Factors in Urban Systems
Authors: Wei Chunzhu , Padgham Mark , Cabrera Barona Pablo , Blaschke Thomas
Published: January 2017

Urban planners and ecologists have long debated the relationship between the structure of urban landscapes and social activities. There have, however, been very few discussions as to whether any such relationships might depend on the scales of observation. This work applies a hierarchical zoning technique to data from the city of Quito, Ecuador, to examine how relationships between typical spatial landscape metrics and social indicators depend on zoning scales. Our results showed that the estimates of both landscape heterogeneity features and social indicators significantly depend on the zoning scale. The mean values of the typical landscape metrics and the social indicators all exhibited predictable responses to a changing zoning scale, suggesting a consistent and significant scaling relationship within the multiple zoning scales. Yet relationships between these pairs of variables remain notably invariant to scale. This quantitative demonstration of the scale-free nature of the relationship between landscape characteristics and social indicators furthers our understanding of the relationships between landscape structures and social aspects of urban spaces, including deprivation and public service accessibility. The relationships between social indicators and one typical landscape aggregation metric (represented as the percentage of like adjacencies) were nevertheless significantly dependent on scale, suggesting the importance of zoning scale decisions for analyzing the relationships between the social indicators and the landscape characteristics related with landscape adjacency. Aside from this typical landscape aggregation metric, the general invariance to the zoning scale of relationships between landscape structures and socioeconomic indicators in Quito suggests the importance of applying these scale-free relationships in understanding complex socio-ecological systems in other cities, which are shaped by the conflated influences of both anthropogenic and natural factors. Moreover, this scale-free behavior of landscape–social relationships challenges the traditional modifiable area unit problem, and provides mechanistic insight into the conflicts and compatibilities between human activities and human-induced land use change.
Analysing the Effects of Forest Cover and Irrigation Farm Dams on Streamflows of Water-Scarce Catchments in South Australia through the SWAT Model
Authors: Nguyen Hong , Recknagel Friedrich , Meyer Wayne , Frizenschaf Jacqueline
Published: January 2017

To assist water resource managers with future land use planning efforts, the eco-hydrological model Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was applied to three catchments in South Australia that experience extreme low flow conditions. Particular land uses and management issues of interest included forest covers, known to affect water yields, and farm dams, known to intercept and change the hydrological dynamics in a catchment. The study achieved a satisfactory daily calibration when irrigation farm dams were incorporated in the model. For the catchment dominated by extreme low flows, a better daily simulation across a range of qualitative and quantitative metrics was gained using the base-flow static threshold optimization technique. Scenario analysis on effects of forest cover indicated an increase of surface flow and a reduction of base-flow when native eucalyptus lands were replaced by pastures and vice versa. A decreasing trend was observed for the overall water yield of catchments with more forest plantation due to the higher evapotranspiration (ET) rate and the decline in surface flow. With regards to effects of irrigation farm dams, assessment on a daily time step suggested that a significant volume of water is stored in these systems with the water loss rate highest in June and July. On an annual basis, the model indicated that approximately 13.1% to 22.0% of water has been captured by farm dams for irrigation. However, the scenario analysis revealed that the purposes of use of farm dams rather than their volumetric capacities in the catchment determined the magnitude of effects on streamflows. Water extracted from farm dams for irrigation of orchards and vineyards are more likely to diminish streamflows than other land uses. Outputs from this study suggest that the water use restrictions from farm dams during recent drought periods were an effective tool to minimize impacts on streamflows.
Quantification of Hydrological Responses Due to Climate Change and Human Activities over Various Time Scales in South Korea
Authors: Lee Sangho , Kim Sang
Published: January 2017

Hydrological responses are being impacted by both climate change and human activities. In particular, climate change and regional human activities have accelerated significantly during the last three decades in South Korea. The variation in runoff due to the two types of factors should be quantitatively investigated to aid effective water resources’ planning and management. In water resources’ planning, analysis using various time scales is useful where rainfall is unevenly distributed. However, few studies analyzed the impacts of these two factors over different time scales. In this study, hydrologic model-based approach and hydrologic sensitivity were used to separate the relative impacts of these two factors at monthly, seasonal and annual time scales in the Soyang Dam upper basin and the Seom River basin in South Korea. After trend analysis using the Mann–Kendall nonparametric test to identify the causes of gradual change, three techniques, such as the double mass curve method, Pettitt’s test and the BCP (Bayesian change point) analysis, were used to detect change points caused by abrupt changes in the collected observed runoff. Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) models calibrated from the natural periods were used to calculate the impacts of human activities. Additionally, six Budyko-based methods were used to verify the results obtained from the hydrological-based approach. The results show that impacts of climate change have been stronger than those of human activities in the Soyang Dam upper basin, while the impacts of human activities have been stronger than those of climate change in the Seom River basin. Additionally, the quantitative characteristics of relative impacts due to these two factors were identified at the monthly, seasonal and annual time scales. Finally, we suggest that the procedure used in this study can be used as a reference for regional water resources’ planning and management.
Prey Survival and Vulnerability of Juvenile Rhynchocypris oxycephalus in Juvenile Fish Shelters under Predation by Korean Native Piscivorous Fish (Coreoperca herzi)
Authors: Lee Saeromi , Ahn Chang , Song Ho , Park Jae , Joo Jin
Published: January 2017

The aim of this study was to evaluate the newly-developed juvenile fish shelter (JFS) for its ability to increase prey survival and to improve species diversity in a freshwater ecosystem. An experiment was performed in an outdoor large-scale mesocosm three times from 2011 to 2012 by comparing the responses to adjustment as a function of the volume of JFS in the control and experimental groups. Analysis results of the environmental monitoring over three periods indicated only minor differences in the physicochemical characteristics of the water quality and phyto- and zoo-plankton biomass, thereby enabling a comparative analysis of the feeding ecology. However, the water temperature exhibited large fluctuations, ranging from 16.4 to 27.6 °C, and high water temperature conditions (Period 1, 25.6 ± 2.0 °C) enhanced the predation activity of the piscivorous fish Coreoperca herzi (C. herzi, size 89 ± 4 mm). Statistically, the survival rates of the prey fish, Rhynchocypris oxycephalus (R. oxycephalus, size 29 ± 1 mm), with JFSs were greater by 35.9%–46.7%, and improved as the patch volume of JFS increased. Based on both experimental observations and statistical analysis, the JFS developed in this study could reduce the chances of predator–prey encounters, minimize prey vulnerability, and thereby increase prey survival rates.
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering of self-assembled thiol monolayers and supported lipid membranes on thin anodic porous alumina
Authors: Salerno Marco , Shayganpour Amirreza , Salis Barbara , Dante Silvia
Published: January 2017

Thin anodic porous alumina (tAPA) was fabricated from a 500 nm thick aluminum (Al) layer coated on silicon wafers, through single-step anodization performed in a Teflon electrochemical cell in 0.4 M aqueous phosphoric acid at 110 V. Post-fabrication etching in the same acid allowed obtaining tAPA surfaces with ≈160 nm pore diameter and ≈80 nm corresponding wall thickness to be prepared. The tAPA surfaces were made SERS-active by coating with a thin (≈25 nm) gold (Au) layer. The as obtained tAPA–Au substrates were incubated first with different thiols, namely mercaptobenzoic acid (MbA) and aminothiol (AT), and then with phospholipid vesicles of different composition to form a supported lipid bilayer (SLB). At each step, the SERS substrate functionality was assessed, demonstrating acceptable enhancement (≥100×). The chemisorption of thiols during the first step and the formation of SLB from the vesicles during the second step, were independently monitored by using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) technique. The SLB membranes represent a simplified model system of the living cells membranes, which makes the successful observation of SERS on these films promising in view of the use of tAPA–Au substrates as a platform for the development of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) biosensors on living cells. In the future, these tAPA–Au-SLB substrates will be investigated also for drug delivery of bioactive agents from the APA pores.
Repeated Cross-linking After a Short Time Does Not Provide Any Additional Biomechanical Stiffness in the Mouse Cornea In Vivo
Authors: Tabibian David , Kling Sabine , Hammer Arthur , Richoz Olivier , Hafezi Farhad
Published: January 2017

PURPOSE:

To study whether repeated collagen cross-linking (CXL) performed in vivo in mice shows an additive effect on mechanical corneal stiffness.

METHODS:

In this experimental study, epithelium-off CXL was performed in a total of 18 eyes from male C57BL/6 mice, with 0.27%-riboflavin solution applied for 20 minutes, followed by ultraviolet-A (UVA) irradiation (365 nm, 9mW/cm
2
) for 2:50 minutes (fluence 1.53 J/cm
2
). CXL was performed as either a single (1×CXL) or a repeated (2×CXL) treatment. Un-irradiated corneas served as controls. In the 2×CXL group, the procedure was performed on day 1 and day 4 to ensure complete reepithelialization between sessions. Biomechanical analysis was performed on day 7. Corneas were harvested with a small scleral ring and mounted on a customized two-dimensional flap holder. The biomechanical measurement consisted of three parts: (1) pre-conditioned during three cycles from 0.04 to 0.4 N, (2) stress relaxation during 120 seconds following 0.4 N force application, and (3) stress-strain curve until break.

RESULTS:

After the relaxation period of 120 seconds, highly significant differences (
P
< .001) were found between the controls and both 1×CXL corneas and 2×CXL corneas. No significant difference (
P
= .70) was detected between the 1×CXL and 2×CXL groups. The stress remaining after relaxation was 355 ± 25.2 kPa in the control group, 457 ± 34.1 kPa in the 1×CXL group, and 463 ± 22.2 kPa in the 2×CXL group. No significant differences in the stress-strain curves were found between the conditions.

CONCLUSIONS:

Repeated CXL 3 days after the first procedure does not further increase corneal stiffness in mice in vivo.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2017;33(1):56–60.]
Vehicle Exposure and Spinal Musculature Fatigue in Military Warfighters: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kollock Roger O. , Games Kenneth E. , Wilson Alan E. , Sefton JoEllen M.
Published: January 2017

Context: Spinal musculature fatigue from vehicle exposure may place warfighters at risk for spinal injuries and pain. Research on the relationship between vehicle exposure and spinal musculature fatigue is conflicting. A better understanding of the effect of military duty on musculoskeletal function is needed before sports medicine teams can develop injury-prevention programs.

Objective: To determine if the literature supports a definite effect of vehicle exposure on spinal musculature fatigue.

Data Sources: We searched the MEDLINE, Military & Government Collection (EBSCO), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Technical Information Center, PubMed, and Web of Science databases for articles published between January 1990 and September 2015.

Study Selection: To be included, a study required a clear sampling method, preexposure and postexposure assessments of fatigue, a defined objective measurement of fatigue, a defined exposure time, and a study goal of exposing participants to forces related to vehicle exposure.

Data Extraction: Sample size, mean preexposure and postexposure measures of fatigue, vehicle type, and exposure time.

Data Synthesis: Six studies met the inclusion criteria. We used the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network algorithm to determine the appropriate tool for quality appraisal of each article. Unweighted random-effects model meta-analyses were conducted, and a natural log response ratio was used as the effect metric. The overall meta-analysis demonstrated that vehicle exposure increased fatigue of the spinal musculature (P = .03; natural log response ratio = −0.22, 95% confidence interval = −0.42, −0.02). Using the spinal region as a moderator, we observed that vehicle ride exposure significantly increased fatigue at the lumbar musculature (P = .02; natural log response ratio = −0.27, 95% confidence interval = −0.50, −0.04) but not at the cervical or thoracic region.

Conclusions: Vehicle exposure increased fatigue at the lumbar region.
Elliptic and transversally elliptic index theory from the viewpoint of $KK$-theory
Authors: Kasparov Gennadi
Published: January 2017

The main purpose of the paper is to develop a

KK

-theory approach to index theory of operators transversally elliptic with respect to a proper group action. The principal novelty is the use of fields of Clifford algebras along the orbits. Index formulas that we prove allow to calculate index from symbol and vice-versa using

KK

-product. This has a deeper meaning: there exists Poincaré duality between the symbol and the index when they are defined as elements of the appropriate

KK

-groups.

The main results on transversally elliptic operators are contained in the second half of the paper. In the first part we develop the necessary technique and prove index theorems for elliptic operators. This is done in the equivariant setting with respect to a proper group action, the manifolds and groups are
not
assumed to be compact. At the end of the paper we give applications of our methods to transversally elliptic operators on singular foliations.
Braided quantum SU(2) groups
Authors: Kasprzak Paweł , Meyer Ralf , Roy Sutanu , Woronowicz Stanisław Lech
Published: January 2017

We construct a family of

q

-deformations of SU(2) for complex parameters

q \neq 1

. For real

q

, the deformation coincides with the compact quantum SU

_q

(2) group. For

q \notin \mathbb R

, SU

_q

(2) is only a braided compact quantum group with respect to a twisted tensor product functor for C*-algebras with an action of the circle group.