bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Magnetic sensors for contactless and non‐intrusive measurement of current in AC power systems
Authors: Shrawane Prasad , Sidhu Tarlochan
Published: June 2024

This paper reports the results of an investigation into the use of magnetic sensors for measuring AC currents and subsequently, estimating AC current phasors in low‐ and medium voltage AC power systems. Tunnelling magnetoresistive (TMR) sensor of high sensitivity and a wide range was used for the magnetic field measurement around AC conductor. The sensor was calibrated to overcome the inequality in the sensed magnetic field due to various aspects such as the distance from the source, minute structural variations, the magnitude of the source current, and presence of harmonics. Performance was tested for accuracy at lower frequencies such as 1, 2, 5 and 10 Hz as well as at higher frequencies such as 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th harmonics of the fundamental frequency. The percentage total vector error (TVE) was calculated for current phasors with input current magnitudes varying from 5 to 1500 A of various frequencies and was compared with the actual current as well as with the outputs of a high accuracy conventional core‐wound donut type current transformer (CT). The measurement accuracy corresponding to magnitude, phase and TVE during laboratory and field applications validated the suitability of TMR sensor for contactless and non‐invasive AC current measurement.
Embodiment – was Körper und Geist miteinander
verbindet
Authors: Bauer Prisca , Lahmann Claas
Published: June 2024

Körper und Geist werden oft separat betrachtet, auch in der Medizin. Neue
Erkenntnisse aus der neurowissenschaftlichen Forschung weisen jedoch darauf hin,
dass Körper und Geist stärker miteinander verbunden sind als bisher gedacht. In
diesem Beitrag gehen wir auf die Bedeutung der sog. „Verkörperung“ (Embodiment) für
die Medizin ein.
Liebe Leserinnen, liebe Leser,
Authors: Greitemann Bernhard
Published: June 2024

das deutsche Gesundheitswesen ist sicher eines der leistungsfähigsten auf der Welt.
Dennoch ist es in den letzten Jahren, gerade durch politische Eingriffe, zu
erkennbaren Fehlentwicklungen gekommen. In nicht unerheblichem Maße war dies durch
die Einführung der Fallpauschalen (sogenannte DRG) bedingt. Es resultierten
wirtschaftliche Fehlentwicklungen der Krankenhäuser, Verschlechterung der
Attraktivität des Pflegeberufes und hieraus, für jeden erkennbar
Behandlungsverschlechterungen. Mit dem anstehenden Krankenhausreformgesetz sollen
nun diese Probleme korrigiert werden. Ziel ist die Einführung eines
Klassifizierungssystems bei den Akuthäusern, dadurch Kompetenzbündelung,
effizientere Behandlung und letztendlich auch eine Reduktion der Anzahl der
Akutbetten. Neben der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation der Häuser soll
die Behandlung der Patienten effizienter, kompetenter, aber auch
schnittstellenfreier werden. Über Jahrzehnte waren diese „Schnittstellenprobleme“
immer wieder bemängelt worden, auch die zur Rehabilitation. Idealerweise sollten
Patienten schnell aus teuren Akuthäusern in leistungsfähige
Rehabilitationseinrichtungen „abfließen“, dadurch Kosten reduziert,
Bettenkapazitäten für neue Akutbehandlungen freigesetzt und hierdurch auch die Zahl
der Betten insgesamt reduziert werden. Zudem sollten schwer betroffenen Patienten
frühzeitig rehabilitative Angebote zur Verfügung stehen. So die
Idealvorstellung.
Ein Irrweg der Evolution?
Authors: Singer Dominique
Published: June 2024

Liebe Leserinnen und Leser,

es sei eigentlich alles gut, nur eines müsse sie sagen, nämlich, dass die Evolution
offenbar einen Irrweg eingeschlagen habe! So gab mir kürzlich eine Kollegin, die ihr
zweites Kind erwartete, zur Antwort, als ich mich nach ihrem Befinden erkundigte:
die Übelkeit und das Erbrechen seien nur schwer zu ertragen.
Anti-Yo antibody-associated Autoimmune Encephalitis due to Breast
Adenocarcinoma in a male patient
Authors: Tosunoglu Bunyamin , Güneş HafizeNalan , Kina HaticeMediha , Çokal BurcuGökçe
Published: June 2024

Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes occur due to immune-mediated neuronal
dysfunction secondary to systemic malignancy, and symptoms can usually be seen
before malignancy. There are many subtypes that depend on the antibodies present
or the proteins they target. Accurate epidemiological data are lacking as it is
difficult to diagnose. We would like to present a case of anti-Yo
antibody-associated encephalitis due to breast cancer in a 47-year-old male
patient. When we searched the literature, we did not find a case of
anti-Yo-associated autoimmune encephalitis due to breast adenocarcinoma in a
male patient. For this reason, we find it worth presenting our case.
Der Zusammenhang zwischen objektiven und subjektiven Zuschreibungen
eines Migrationshintergrundes mit wahrgenommener Diskriminierung und
Rassismus
Authors: Nesterko Yuriy , Jacobsen Jannes , Köhler Jonas , Glaesmer Heide
Published: June 2024

Hintergrund Die in Deutschland gängige kriterienorientierte Erfassung der
Bevölkerung mit Migrationshintergrund wird aktuell u. a. aus
sozialwissenschaftlich-methodischer Perspektive kritisiert. Insbesondere die
Eignung als Indikator für wahrgenommene Diskriminierung der Bevölkerung mit
Migrationshintergrund kann aufgrund des aktuellen Forschungsstandes kritisch in
Frage gestellt warden

Methode Auf Basis eines bevölkerungsrepräsentativen Datensatzes (N=1989)
für die Stadt Berlin wurden ergänzend zur objektiven Erfassung eines
Migrationshintergrundes, die subjektive Sicht in Form von Selbst- und
antizipierter Fremdzuschreibung eines Migrationshintergrundes erfasst. Weiterhin
wurden soziodemografische und migrationsspezifische Charakteristika sowie
wahrgenommene Diskriminierung erhoben. Mittels deskriptiver und
inferenzstatistischer Methoden wurden Unterschiede zwischen der objektiven und
subjektiven Erfassung eines Migrationshintergrundes und deren Zusammenhänge mit
wahrgenommener Diskriminierung analysiert.

Ergebnisse Weniger als die Hälfte (38%, 154/400) der kriterienorientiert
als Personen mit Migrationshintergrund erfassten Befragten gab an, sich selbst
als Migrant*in zu bezeichnen. 36% (144/405) waren der Meinung, von anderen in
Deutschland als Person mit Migrationshintergrund bezeichnet zu werden. Personen
mit Migrationshintergrund sind deutlich stärker von Diskriminierung aufgrund von
Hautfarbe, Religion oder Herkunft betroffen als Befragte ohne
Migrationshintergrund. Es stellte sich zudem heraus, dass sowohl die
Selbstzuschreibung als auch die antizipierte Fremdzuschreibung als Migrant*in
positiv mit Erfahrungen von Diskriminierung und Rassismus assoziiert sind.

Diskussion Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass in migrationssensibler
Forschung nicht lediglich kriterienorientiert zwischen Personen mit und ohne
Migrationshintergrund unterschieden werden sollte. Vielmehr scheinen die
subjektiven Wahrnehmungen der eigenen Zuschreibung als Migrant*in vor allem als
Diskriminierungsindikatoren besser geeignet und sollten in Zukunft in der
Forschung oder bei Erhebungen zu Diskriminierungserfahrungen zusätzlich
Berücksichtigung finden.
Risikofaktoren für sekundären traumatischen Stress (STS) und
Posttraumatische Belastungsstörung (PTBS) bei Dolmetschenden mit eigener
Traumaerfahrung
Authors: Ruberl Alexander , Geiling Angelika , Böttche Maria , Knaevelsrud Christine , Stammel Nadine
Published: June 2024

Ziel der Studie Dolmetschende spielen eine entscheidende Rolle bei der
Versorgung von Geflüchteten. Allerdings wird der psychischen Gesundheit von
Dolmetschenden bisher nur wenig Beachtung gegeben. Trotz eines erhöhten
Belastungslevels von sekundärem traumatischem Stress (STS) und gesteigerten
Prävalenzen Posttraumatischer Belastungsstörung (PTBS) bei Dolmetschenden im
Geflüchtetenkontext, gibt es bisher nur wenig Forschung zu Risikofaktoren für
STS und PTBS in dieser Population. Das Ziel dieser Studie war es, potenzielle
Risikofaktoren für jeweils STS- und PTBS-Symptomschwere bei Dolmetschenden in
der Geflüchtetenversorgung zu untersuchen.

Methodik Eine deutschlandweite Online-Befragung wurde 2019 unter
Dolmetschenden für Geflüchtete durchgeführt, in der 83 Personen eingeschlossen
wurden, die angaben, mindestens ein traumatisches Erlebnis erfahren zu haben.
Die Untersuchung der potenziellen Risikofaktoren (primäre traumatische
Ereignisse, traumabezogne Inhalte, eigener Fluchthintergrund) und die
Interaktion von primären traumatischen Ereignissen und traumabezogenen Inhalten
erfolgte mittels moderierter multipler Regression.

Ergebnisse Es wurde jeweils ausschließlich für STS- (p=0,003) und
PTBS-Symptomschwere (p=0,042) ein positiver Zusammenhang mit der Anzahl primär
erlebter traumatischen Ereignisse festgestellt.

Diskussion/Schlussfolgerung In der vorliegenden Studie wurde die Anzahl
der erlebten primären traumatischen Ereignisse als potenzieller Risikofaktor für
STS und PTBS identifiziert. Die Institutionalisierung präventiver Maßnahmen wie
Supervisionen, Nachgespräche und dolmetscher-spezifische Fortbildungen könnte
einen wichtigen Beitrag zum Schutz der psychischen Gesundheit von Dolmetschenden
leisten. Weitere Studien sind erforderlich, um ein besseres Verständnis von
Risikofaktoren für STS und PTBS bei Dolmetschenden zu erlangen.
Invasive Streptokokken-Infektionen – eine interdisziplinäre Herausforderung
Authors: Wörnle Markus
Published: June 2024

Anamnese und klinischer Befund Wir berichten über eine 34-jährige Patientin sowie einen 50-jährigen Patienten, die beide mit einem schweren septischen Krankheitsbild in unsere Notaufnahme transportiert wurden.

Untersuchungen Beide Patienten mussten im Verlauf reanimiert werden und zeigten klinisch sowie laborchemisch Zeichen einer schweren bakteriellen Infektion.

Diagnose Bei beiden Patienten lag eine invasive Infektion mit Gruppe-A-Streptokokken vor. Bei der weiblichen Patientin fand sich eine Streptokokkensepsis mit schwerer Pneumonie, bei dem männlichen Patienten bestand eine durch Streptokokken hervorgerufene nekrotisierende Fasziitis der oberen Extremität.

Therapie und Verlauf Während die Patientin trotz sämtlicher intensivmedizinischer Maßnahmen noch im Schockraum der Notaufnahme verstarb, überlebte der Patient nach rascher chirurgischer Therapie und längerem Intensivaufenthalt.

Folgerung Der Zustand von Patienten mit invasiven Infektionen durch Gruppe-A-Streptokokken kann sich rasch klinisch verschlechtern. Eine umgehende Diagnosestellung und die Einleitung meist interdisziplinärer Therapiemaßnahmen sind wichtig. Dennoch können diese Erkrankungen tödlich verlaufen.
Neues aus der Akuttherapie der Migräne
Authors: Heinze Axel , Heinze-Kuhn Katja , Göbel Hartmut , Göbel Carl H
Published: June 2024

Zusamenfassung

Die Landschaft der Akutmedikation der Migräne hat sich in den vergangenen Jahren
grundlegend verändert. Es ist ein schleichender, vielfach unbemerkter Prozess,
der weniger durch die spektakuläre Einführung neuer Substanzen geprägt ist, als
vielmehr durch die Veränderung des Zuganges der Patienten zu den Substanzen und
die differenzierte Auswahl der Behandlung angepasst an die Bedürfnisse der
Patienten. Inzwischen sind in Deutschland vier Triptane rezeptfrei verfügbar mit
großem Einfluss auf die Selbstmedikation. Die wesentliche Neueinführung war das
Lasmiditan als Alternative zu den Triptanen.
An Advanced Knee Simulator Model Can Reproducibly Be Used for Ligament Balancing Training during Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Logan Scott , Sequeira Sean B. , Jerabek Seth A. , Malkani Arthur L. , Mahoney Ormond M. , Crutcher James P. , Mont Michael A. , Faizan Ahmad
Published: June 2024

A critical and difficult aspect of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is ligamentous balancing for which cadavers and models have played a large role in the education and training of new arthroplasty surgeons, although they both have several shortcomings including cost, scarcity, and dissimilarity to in vivo ligament properties. An advanced knee simulator (AKS) model based on computed tomography (CT) scans was developed in the setting of these challenges with cadavers and previous models. In this study, we compared the ligament balancing between AKS and human cadaveric knees to assess the validity of using the AKS for ligament balancing training during TKA. A CT scan of a TKA patient with varus deformity was used to design the AKS model with modular components, using three-dimensional printing. Three fellowship-trained arthroplasty surgeons used technology-assisted TKA procedure to plan and balance three cadaver knees and the AKS model. Medial and lateral laxity data were captured using manual varus and valgus stress assessments for cadavers and the model in an extension pose (10 degrees of flexion from terminal extension) and between 90 and 95 degrees for flexion. After preresection assessments, surgeons planned a balanced cruciate-retaining TKA. Following bony cuts and trialing, extension and flexion ligament laxity values were recorded in a similar manner. Descriptive statistics and Student's t-tests were performed to compare the cadavers and model with a p-value set at 0.05. Preresection medial/lateral laxity data for both extension and flexion were plotted and showed that the highest standard deviation (SD) for the cadavers was 0.67 mm, whereas the highest SD for the AKS was 1.25 mm. A similar plot for trialing demonstrated that the highest SD for the cadavers was 0.6 mm, whereas the highest SD for the AKS was 0.61 mm. The AKS trialing data were highly reproducible when compared with cadaveric data, demonstrating the value of the AKS model as a tool to teach ligament balancing for TKA and for future research endeavors.
Strategies for Performing Factor Assays in the Presence of Emicizumab or Other Novel/Emerging Hemostatic Agents
Authors: Kershaw Geoffrey
Published: June 2024

For several decades, therapeutic options for inherited deficiencies of factor VIII or IX (hemophilia A or B, respectively) have largely been the replacement of the missing clotting factor with plasma-derived or recombinant products. Hemostasis laboratories use standard activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)-based clotting or chromogenic assays to monitor plasma factor levels to guide therapy. The emergence in the past 10 years of extended half-life replacement products and other novel therapies for hemophilia has led to a reappraisal of assay suitability, with studies of product measurement showing some existing assay types or reagents to be unsuitable for some products. The hemostasis laboratory must adapt to the changing landscape by adding new assays or modifying existing assays to ensure accurate results for product measurement. These strategies include switching from a chromogenic assay to a clotting assay, or vice versa, changing an aPTT reagent brand, or introducing product specific calibrators. This article evaluates the effects of some of the newer treatment options on the laboratory testing of factor levels and related assays.
Indian Hand Anthropometry: Computer Tomography-Based Morphometric Analysis of Metacarpal
Authors: Reddy Maryada Venkateshwar , G. Mithun Pai , Kumar Morum Mahendra , Bhat Anil K. , Annapareddy Adarsh , Thatte Mukund R.
Published: June 2024

Introduction Metacarpal fractures are common and have various treatment options, but understanding their morphometry is crucial for optimizing fixation techniques and reducing complications. Accurate assessment of metacarpal anatomy is challenging in conventional radiographs but feasible with computed tomography (CT) scans, which offer precise views. This study aimed to provide accurate anatomical data on metacarpals within an Indian population using CT scans and to compare the results with existing literature. The findings have implications for surgical procedures, including plating, pinning, and intramedullary screw fixation.

Materials and Methods This retrospective analysis utilized CT scans of 100 hands, including 50 males and 50 females, from two hospitals in India. Inclusion criteria included complete metacarpal visualization with a slice thickness of 0.6 mm, while exclusion criteria involved trauma, deformity, or underlying pathologies. Various parameters of all metacarpals were measured using RadiAnt DICOM Viewer 2021.1, providing accurate anteroposterior and lateral views.

Results Male and female cohorts had mean ages of 38.58 ± 12.02 and 43.60 ± 13.61 years, respectively. The study showed good to excellent reliability in measurements. The 2nd metacarpal was consistently the longest, and the general length pattern was 3rd > 4th > 5th > 1st metacarpal in both genders. Men generally had larger metacarpal dimensions than women, except for intramedullary diameter, which showed minimal sex-related differences. Notably, the medullary cavity's narrowest part was at the 4th metacarpal, and the thumb had the widest intramedullary diameter.

Conclusion This study provides valuable anatomical reference data for metacarpals in an Indian population, aiding in optimizing surgical techniques for metacarpal fractures. The 2nd metacarpal consistently stood out as the longest, and men generally had larger metacarpal dimensions than women. These insights into anatomical variations can inform clinical decisions and stimulate further research in this field. However, a larger and more diverse sample would enhance the study's representativeness.
Increased Patient Age as a Risk Factor Following Free Flap Reconstruction after Breast Cancer: A Single Institutional Review of 2,598 Cases
Authors: Honig Stephanie E. , Habarth-Morales Theodore E. , Davis Harrison D. , Niu Ellen F. , Amro Chris , Broach Robyn B. , Serletti Joseph M. , Azoury Saïd C.
Published: June 2024

Background Autologous breast reconstruction (ABR) after mastectomy is increasing due to benefits over implant-based reconstruction. However, free flap reconstruction is not universally offered to patients of advanced age due to perceived increased perioperative risk.

Methods Patients undergoing free flap breast reconstruction at our institution from 2005 to 2018 were included. Risk-adjusted logistic regression models were fit while controlling for demographic and comorbid characteristics to determine the association of age with the probability of venous thromboembolism (VTE), delayed healing, skin necrosis, surgical site infection (SSI), seroma, hematoma, hernia, and flap loss. Linear predictions from risk-adjusted logistic regression models were used to create spline curves and determine the risk of outcomes associated with age.

Results A cohort of 2,598 patients underwent free flap breast reconstruction in the period examined. The median age was 51 with approximately 9% of patients being 65 or older. Increased age was associated with a greater risk of delayed healing, skin necrosis, and hematoma after surgery. There was no increased risk of medical complications such as VTE or complications such as flap loss, seroma, or SSI.

Conclusion A set age cutoff for patients undergoing free flap breast reconstruction does not appear warranted. There is no difference in major surgical complications such as flap loss with increasing age. However, older age does predispose patients to specific wound complications such as hematoma, skin necrosis, and delayed wound healing, which should guide preoperative counseling. Further, medical complications do not increase with advanced age. Overall, however, the safety of ABR in older patients appears uncompromised.
Usefulness and Safety of Gelatin–Thrombin Matrix Sealants in Minimally Invasive Microscopic Discectomy
Authors: Sakamoto Yushi , Naruo Seiichiro , Ozaki Tomonori , Tahata Shogo , Fujimoto Toru , Ogata Atushi , Yoshioka Fumitaka , Nakahara Yukiko , Masuoka Jun , Abe Tatsuya
Published: June 2024

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness and safety of gelatin–thrombin matrix sealants (GTMSs) in minimally invasive microscopic discectomy, a surgical procedure commonly used to treat lumbar disc herniation.

Materials and Methods Out of 484 patients who underwent minimally invasive microscopic discectomy between April 2018 and December 2022, 35 patients with a history of surgery at the same level were excluded, resulting in a total of 449 patients included in the study. Among them, 316 patients were treated using GTMS, whereas 133 were treated using collagen-based absorbable local hemostatic agents. Patient characteristics, surgical duration, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage volume, intraoperative dural injury, and incidence of postoperative epidural hematoma were analyzed and compared between the two groups.

Results No significant differences in patient demographics were observed between the two groups, except for activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time. Although there were no significant differences in the mean surgical time and intraoperative blood loss between the two groups, they tended to be shorter and less in the GTMS group (56.3 ± 20.2 vs. 58.2 ± 20.4 minutes [p = 0.36] and 10.0 ± 15.4 vs. 11.8 ± 8.3 g [p = 0.20]). The volume of postoperative drainage was significantly lower in the GTMS group than that in the comparison group (35.3 ± 21.8 vs. 49.5 ± 34.1 g [p < 0.01]). There was a trend indicating a difference in the number of intraoperative dural injuries and the need for reoperation due to postoperative epidural hematoma (2 vs. 3 ± 20.4 minutes [p = 0.21] and 1 vs. 2 [p = 0.16]).

Conclusion The use of a GTMS in minimally invasive microscopic discectomy appears to be beneficial in reducing postoperative drainage volume. It has also been shown that it may improve clinical outcomes such as intraoperative dural injury and postoperative epidural hematoma. Furthermore, further consideration of the medical economic impact is required.
Synthesis and novel applications of graphene fibers
Authors: Zhang Qian , Zhang Zhipan , Cheng Huhu , Qu Liangti
Published: June 2024

The past decade has witnessed dynamic and fruitful developments of carbon materials. Particularly, graphene fibers emerge as a new type of carbon material directly composed of graphene sheets with unique structure, excellent electrical conductivity, strength, and lightweight properties, thus attracting increasing interest of scientists in multi-disciplines ranging from chemistry, materials science, biology to medical science. In this Perspective, we summarize latest progresses in the synthesis of graphene fibers and discuss their pros and cons. Then, various strategies for improving the mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties of graphene fibers are introduced in detail. Subsequently, recent applications of graphene fibers are highlighted, such as self-powered devices, photovoltaics, neural recording microelectrodes, etc., aiming to present the state of the art in this fast-growing field. Finally, the current limitation and future prospect of large-scale application of graphene fibers are also proposed. With the continuous development of materials and techniques, graphene fibers are projected to take more important roles in diverse fields in the future.
Experimental demonstration of plasmon–plasmon scattering paves the way for electromagnetic wave-based digital logic concept
Authors: De Los Santos H. J. , Ge J. , Wang G. , Ding S. , Berger P. R. , Gajula D. R.
Published: June 2024

We report the experimental demonstration of plasmon–plasmon scattering at room temperature in the inversion layer of a patterned metal–oxide–semiconductor structure. This fundamental result paves the way for the development of plasmon–plasmon scattering logic, a revolutionary digital logic concept based on the generation, propagation, and manipulation of plasmons in an electron fluid, which was previously theoretically projected to exhibit femtojoule power dissipations and femtosecond switching speeds, while not demanding expensive nanometer-scale silicon (Si) technology fabrication processes for its implementation.
Computational analysis of thermal performance of temperature dependent density and Arrhenius-activation energy of chemically reacting nanofluid along polymer porous sheet in high temperature differences
Authors: Ullah Zia , Alotaibi Hammad , Akhter Ayesha , Khan Ilyas , Niazai Shafiullah
Published: June 2024

An innovative technique to improve heat transmission is the use of nanofluids. Nanofluids have a significant thermal conductivity for better heat transport. For the thermal behavior of a porous polymer sheet, activation energy assessment is a useful technique for the advancement of the thermal properties of polymers. The governing model is developed for the numerical and physical analysis of heat transfer of porous polymer sheets. The present model is converted into a smooth format for the accuracy of results. The Keller box and Newton–Raphson approaches are used to calculate the thermal properties numerically. The novelty of this research is the depiction of the temperature distributions and heat transfer of chemically reacting thermophoretic nanomaterials along porous polymer stretching sheets. It is noted that the velocity and temperature of thermophoretic nanoparticles decreases and nanoparticle concentration increases as activation energy increases. It is noted that the velocity of nanoparticles increases and concentration decreases as the temperature difference increases. The enhanced heating transfer with maximum thermophoretic transportation was depicted under maximum reaction and activation energy. It is observed that the mass transfer of nanomaterials increases as the Brownian motion of thermophoretic nanomaterials enhances.
Replication of single viruses across the kingdoms, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia
Authors: Telengech Paul , Hyodo Kiwamu , Ichikawa Hiroaki , Kuwata Ryusei , Kondo Hideki , Suzuki Nobuhiro
Published: June 2024

It is extremely rare that a single virus crosses host barriers across multiple kingdoms. Based on phylogenetic and paleovirological analyses, it has previously been hypothesized that single members of the family
Partitiviridae
could cross multiple kingdoms.
Partitiviridae
accommodates members characterized by their simple bisegmented double-stranded RNA genome; asymptomatic infections of host organisms; the absence of an extracellular route for entry in nature; and collectively broad host range. Herein, we show the replicability of single fungal partitiviruses in three kingdoms of host organisms: Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. Betapartitiviruses of the phytopathogenic fungus
Rosellinia necatrix
could replicate in protoplasts of the carrot (
Daucus carota
),
Nicotiana benthamiana
and
Nicotiana tabacum
, in some cases reaching a level detectable by agarose gel electrophoresis. Moreover, betapartitiviruses showed more robust replication than the tested alphapartitiviruses. One of the fungal betapartitiviruses, RnPV18, could persistently and stably infect carrot plants regenerated from virion-transfected protoplasts. Both alpha- and betapartitiviruses, although with different host preference, could replicate in two insect cell lines derived from the fall armyworm
Spodoptera frugiperda
and the fruit fly
Drosophila melanogaster
. Our results indicate the replicability of single partitiviruses in members of three kingdoms and provide insights into virus adaptation, host jumping, and evolution.
Temporal control of RNAi reveals both robust and labile feedback loops in the segmentation clock of the red flour beetle
Authors: Kaufholz Felix , Ulrich Julia , Hakeemi Muhammad Salim , Bucher Gregor
Published: June 2024

Animals from all major clades have evolved a segmented trunk, reflected in the human spine or the insect segments. These units emerge during embryogenesis from a posterior segment addition zone (SAZ), where repetitive gene activity is regulated by a mechanism described by the clock and wavefront/speed gradient model. In the red flour beetle
Tribolium castaneum
, RNA interference (RNAi) has been used to continuously knock down the function of primary pair-rule genes (pPRGs), caudal or Wnt pathway components, which has led to the complete breakdown of segmentation. However, it has remained untested, if this breakdown was reversible by bringing the missing gene function back to the system. To fill this gap, we established a transgenic system in
T. castaneum
, which allows blocking an ongoing RNAi effect with temporal control by expressing a viral inhibitor of RNAi via heat shock. We show that the
T. castaneum
segmentation machinery was able to reestablish after RNAi targeting the pPRGs
Tc-eve, Tc-odd,
and
Tc-runt
was blocked. However, we observed no rescue after blocking RNAi targeting Wnt pathway components. We conclude that the insect segmentation system contains both robust feedback loops that can reestablish and labile feedback loops that break down irreversibly. This combination may reconcile conflicting needs of the system: Labile systems controlling initiation and maintenance of the SAZ ensure that only one SAZ is formed. Robust feedback loops confer developmental robustness toward external disturbances.
Membralin is required for maize development and defines a branch of the endoplasmic reticulum–associated degradation pathway in plants
Authors: Liu Baiyu , Xu Changzheng , He Qiuxia , Zhang Ke , Qi Shoumei , Jin Zhe , Cheng Wen , Ding Zhaohua , Chen Donghua , Zhao Xiangyu , Zhang Wei , Zhang Kewei , Li Kunpeng
Published: June 2024

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–associated degradation (ERAD) plays key roles in controlling protein levels and quality in eukaryotes. The Ring Finger Protein 185 (RNF185)/membralin ubiquitin ligase complex was recently identified as a branch in mammals and is essential for neuronal function, but its function in plant development is unknown. Here, we report the map-based cloning and characterization of
Narrow Leaf and Dwarfism 1
(
NLD1
), which encodes the ER membrane–localized protein membralin and specifically interacts with maize homologs of RNF185 and related components. The
nld1
mutant shows defective leaf and root development due to reduced cell number. The defects of
nld1
were largely restored by expressing membralin genes from
Arabidopsis thaliana
and mice, highlighting the conserved roles of membralin proteins in animals and plants. The excessive accumulation of β-hydroxy β-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase in
nld1
indicates that the enzyme is a membralin-mediated ERAD target. The activation of
bZIP60
mRNA splicing–related unfolded protein response signaling and marker gene expression in
nld1
, as well as DNA fragment and cell viability assays, indicate that membralin deficiency induces ER stress and cell death in maize, thereby affecting organogenesis. Our findings uncover the conserved, indispensable role of the membralin-mediated branch of the ERAD pathway in plants. In addition,
ZmNLD1
contributes to plant architecture in a dose-dependent manner, which can serve as a potential target for genetic engineering to shape ideal plant architecture, thereby enhancing high-density maize yields.
Early Investigation of Tropical Cyclones Blake-Claudia’s Effect on Seasonal Downwelling in Southern Indonesia Waters
Authors: Avrionesti  , Badriana M R , Prasetya M R
Published: June 2024

Indonesia southern waters area is one of the places where tropical storms form and develop into tropical cyclones. Apart from cyclones, southern Indonesia waters also experienced other oceanographic phenomena, the seasonal upwelling and downwelling. This study aims to investigate the physical conditions in southern Indonesia waters during the TC Blake-Claudia which occurred during seasonal downwelling period. Historical data shows that tropical cyclones in southern Indonesia generally occur in DFJ and almost never occur in JJA. Meanwhile, the downwelling period occurs during the DJF season. The results show TC Blake-Claudia has weaken or disrupted seasonal downwelling by decreasing SSHA and increasing chlorophyll concentration. This change in oceanographic parameter expected to be occur not only as the result of cyclonic activity which creates a void of water on the coast, but also supported by the initial conditions of the study area which tend to remain unstable just after upwelling event ends.
Analysis of potential lobster artificial reef sites in Gerupuk Bay waters of Central Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Mujiyanto M , Rahman A , Syam A R , Sugianti Y , Wijaya D , Purnamaningtyas S E , Tjahjo D W H , Nastiti A S
Published: June 2024

Lobster is one of the fisheries products which has become the most searched in international trade because of its high price. Therefore, the highest number of lobsters is from the natural fishing effort. The increasing market has an impact on decreasing habitat. Uncontrollable degradation impact requires an alternative to save the stability of lobster production in nature. This study aims to analyse the suitability of candidate locations for the placement of Lobster Artificial Reefs. The selection site uses the Stationary Visual Census method, while oceanography parameters use Water Quality Checker. Data collection was done in August and October 2021. The analyse suitability site was based on the bio-ecological parameters from some research stations. The research recommended all stations from 2014 to 2016 and FGD in July 2021. Recommendation site was found around Tiung Stone station. It is expected to be a protected area from predators, and it can be a feeding area to provide natural food during lobsters’ life cycle in nature. These results still need to ensure the effectiveness of the artificial habitat function for lobster breeding. Further analysis is required to see the effectiveness value of the location and lobster artificial reef before being implemented in other locations.
Python Programming for Degree Heating Weeks Estimation using Sea Surface Temperature Data from The Google Earth Engine Dataset as Coral Bleaching Analysis Tools
Authors: Triwibowo H , Prihantono J , Sudirman N , Sufyan A , Mustikasari E
Published: June 2024

This study aims to develop a program to calculate Degree Heating Weeks (DHW) using Python programming and Sea Surface Temperature (SST) data available in Google Earth Engine (GEE) datasets, e.g., HyCom, NOAA OISST v2.1, MODIS-Aqua, and NOAA Pathfinder v5.3. This study contributes to providing a DHW calculator currently unavailable on the Internet to analyze coral bleaching. This program is called PyDHW. The DHW was calculated by inputting the desired location in a polygon, a specific time range, and the SST data. The results show that Python code can extract SST from the GEE dataset according to the user’s input. This SST data is the average of the SST inside the polygon area. This program calculates and shows a graph of the DHW showing coral bleaching alert levels. All these processes were performed quickly in one run. HyCom and NOAA OISST v2.1 have a long and continuous data range. NOAA OISST v2.1 is still updated in the GEE dataset rather than the others. The MODIS-Aqua contains blank time-series data for several measurements. The NOAA Pathfinder v5.3 data shows extreme change in time series data and low temperatures with different patterns from the other SST data. However, this program is still under development and needs improvements. This program is expected to help users concerned with coral research and monitoring.
Effect of Marine Heat Waves for Coral Bleaching in Lombok Waters
Authors: Nagi A. , Nurdjaman S. , Radjawanne I.M. , Napitupulu G. , Habibullah A.D. , Park H.
Published: June 2024

Coral reefs are fragile and endangered ecosystems in the tropical marine and coastal environment. Thermal stress induced by marine heatwaves (MHWs) can significantly harm coral health, leading to bleaching of the coral ecosystem. This study aims to quantify coral bleaching intensity in the Lombok region over recent decades, by analyzing MHWs intensity data derived from satellite-measured SST. In 1998, the coral reef area reached its peak with 36,550.71 ha. There was a sharp decline in 1999, reaching the lowest point at 4,865.76 ha. A significant increase was observed until a new peak in 2018 with 23,120.19 ha. The Western region experienced a significant increase from 1998 to 2018, followed by a decline. The Eastern Region showed significant fluctuations but generally trended upwards until 2018, followed by a sharp decline in 2019-2022. The Southern Region also experienced fluctuations, with an increase until 2018, followed by a significant decrease until 2022. The Northern Region showed a stable trend until 2016, then experienced a significant decline in 2017, and increased again in 2018. However, in subsequent years, the coral reef area in the Northern region remained relatively stable. Factors such as changes in sea surface temperature, human activities (e.g., overfishing or pollution), and climate change may have contributed to these fluctuations in the coral reef area on Lombok Island.
Meta model-based optimization of jacket offshore platform for resilient marine infrastructures
Authors: Prastianto R W , Syalsabila F , Hastuti  , Syarifudin M R , Rosyid D M
Published: June 2024

Marine infrastructure is an established sector in the blue economy of Indonesia and is expected to shift from a project to a product-based approach. At the same time, the development of the blue economy depends on the economic value that needs to cut down the construction cost for marine infrastructure. To realize this development plan, a structural design optimization framework must be initiated to design a more resilient and high-economy value infrastructure. Marine infrastructures in Indonesia are dominated by jacket-type structures suitable for shallow water. A study of design optimization for jacket-type offshore structures is conducted in this paper. The structure is designed for the Indonesia Sea, located in North Gresik. The optimization is conducted with the structure limit state as the constraint as a meta-model. Variables are the dimensions of structural main members, consisting of the tubular member radius and thickness. The highest optimization ratio is achieved for the wall thickness variable. The cost objective and computational effort reduction prove the feasibility of the proposed design optimization method.
Comparison of UAV and WorldView-3 Imagery for Mangrove Species Mapping in Mundupesisir Coastal, Cirebon
Authors: Hidayatullah M F , Abdurrahman U , Pratyaksa I F , Radjawane I M , Park H S
Published: June 2024

One of the efforts for monitoring and managing mangrove areas is mapping the mangrove areas at the species level. This aims to explore the potential and efforts for rehabilitation, as well as an inventory of the mangrove areas biodiversity. The study area was located in the mangrove Kasih Sayang area, Mundupesisir Village, Cirebon Regency, West Java. Remote sensing image data which have high-resolution can be utilized to more efficiently map mangrove species. The approach that can be used is the Geographic Object-Based Imagery Analysis (GEOBIA) method. This research aims to (1) map the mangrove species in Mundupesisir Village, Cirebon using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) data and WorldView-3 imagery, and (2) compare the results and accuracy assessment values of mangrove species from UAV data and WorldView-3 imagery. UAV data (0.0179 m) has a visible image (RGB) band, while WorldView-3 is a multispectral image that has 8 bands (2 m) and a panchromatic band (0.5 m). Field data collection was obtained and collected at purposive random sampling to identify different species based on their physical characteristics. The GEOBIA approach used includes segmentation and classification processes. Multiresolution segmentation algorithm was used in the segmentation process. The classification used the Nearest Neighbor algorithm based on segmentation results. The results of the GEOBIA approach successfully mapped three dominant species in the mangrove Kasih Sayang area, Mundupesisir, Cirebon Regency, namely Avicennia marina, Rhizophora mucronata, and Acrostichum aureum.
Ocean parameter and hydrographic measurement around Cirebon port channel
Authors: Badriana M R , Nur A A , Hidayatullah A I , Abdurrahman U , Jeon C K
Published: June 2024

One of the largest ports in West Java is Cirebon, which serves an important role in supporting the surrounding economy and becoming the alternatives of the biggest port in Java. Numerous loading and unloading activities are recorded with coal as one of the commodities. Sedimentation and water quality is a common issue facing any port. To assess the recent condition of the port, an oceanographic parameter and hydrography survey is one approach. A field survey in the Cirebon port, particularly around the channel and outside part was carried out in February 2023. The bathymetry result at the channel varied within 0 - 10 m depth. The mixed semidiurnal type in this area has a tidal range around 1.1 m. Sea current inside the port has low speed within 0-0.03 m/s meanwhile outside of the port can reach 0.13 m/s. Through the weathering system, the average temperature is 26.3°C, average wind speed of 2.25 m/s dominantly blowing from west, relative humidity around 88.6%, and rain rate also low. In the study, the sea condition of surface temperature, salinity, turbidity, DO, and pH is 28.5°-29.3°C, 29.9-30.1 psu, 3.65-17.68 FTU, 3.69-4.83 mg/L and pH 7.9-8.2, respectively. Based on the national water quality standard for the port, the condition is within threshold for several parameters.
Investigation of the use of cobalt and nickel based nanoalloys as cement mortar additives
Authors: Karaduman Emre , Pişkin Mehmet Burçin
Published: June 2024

The usage potential of chemical and green synthesized cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni) nanoalloys (CoNiNAs) as mortar additives at different ratios was evaluated. The CoCl2 and NiCl2 metallic salt solutions were mixed in volume ratios of 1-1, 1-2, and 2-1 and reduced with NaBH4 and St. John's Wort aqueous extract, respectively. The obtained Co-Ni based complex nanoalloys were analyzed by Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-Ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Dynamic Light Scattering Particle Size Analyzer (DLS). The effect of CoNiNAs was investigated based on the amount used in mortar, flexural and compressive strengths of mortar, setting time retarder properties, and carbonation depth measurements of mortars and nanoalloy form based on whether they were solid (chemical synthesise) or liquid (green synthesise). The results revealed that the chemical synthesized CoNiNAs were amorphous metal-metal-oxide complexes with small spherical particles and a low dispersity index, whereas the green synthesized complexes had a more crystalline structure and smaller sizes. The mortar properties were affected by Co and Ni synthesis ratios and addition amounts. The incorporation of CoNiNAs led to an increase in the setting times of mortar. Furthermore, the ‘CN’ 2% sample exhibited the highest compression (49.10±1.19 MPa) and flexural (8.19±0.20 MPa) strengths. In addition, the ‘CN2’ 1% sample exhibited the lowest carbonation depth (2.95±0.35 mm) compared to other samples. Overall, mortars with CoNiNAs additives may be used in high temperature environments, and long shipment times require remote locations due to setting time retarder effect without losing necessary physical properties.
Role of tidal mixing on ocean exchange through the Strait of Hormuz
Authors: Salim Mohammed , M P Subeesh , Scott Jeffery , Song Hajoon , Marshall John , Al Shehhi Maryam R
Published: June 2024

We investigate the influence of tides on the exchange of water between the Arabian Gulf and the Sea of Oman through the Strait of Hormuz using a high-resolution numerical model. Two numerical simulations are contrasted, one with and one without tidal forcing. We find that tides suppress exchange through the Strait, by ∼20% in the annual mean, being largest in the summer (∼30%) and diminishing in the winter (∼13%). Tides enhance the parameterised shear-driven vertical mixing inside the Gulf and Strait, mixing warm, relatively fresh surface waters downward thus reducing the density of bottom waters flowing outwards. This reduces the lateral difference of density between Gulf and Sea of Oman and hence the exchange through the Strait. Maximum reductions occur in summer when both the vertical stratification and mixing is the largest.
Comparative simulation analysis of μc Si:H and SnS BSF layers in CIGS solar cells
Authors: Deo Manish , Chauhan R K , Kumar Manish
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we presented Cu(In1-xGax)Se2 (CIGS) based solar cells in which hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon (μc Si:H) and tin sulfide (SnS) are used as back surface field (BSF) layers. In CIGS thin film solar cell technology, thickness serves a crucial factor. Optimizing absorber thickness reduces the usage of scarce and expensive materials such as indium (In) and gallium (Ga) in CIGS cells. Integrating a heavily doped layer between the absorber and the back surface, known as the back surface field (BSF) layer, in solar cell design is a successful strategy for minimizing the thickness of the absorber layer. The suggested configuration utilizes μc-Si:H and SnS as the back surface field (BSF) layer. The buffer layer in this configuration employs less harmful InP instead of the typically utilized CdS layer. All the simulation work is performed using SCAP-1D simulation tool. The utilization of μc Si:H and SnS BSF layers yields optimized efficiencies of 31.51% and 31.01%, respectively. This simulation work demonstrates that use of a proper BSF layer is very effective not only in performance enhancement but also in reducing absorber material thickness.
Dust storms and cardiorespiratory emergency department visits in three Southwestern United States: application of a monitoring-based exposure metric
Authors: Rowan Claire , R D’Souza Rohan , Zheng Xiaping , Crooks James , Hohsfield Kirk , Tong Daniel , Chang Howard H , Ebelt Stefanie
Published: June 2024

Climate change is projected to increase the risk of dust storms, particularly in subtropical dryland, including the southwestern US. Research on dust storm’s health impacts in the US is limited and hindered by challenges in dust storm identification. This study assesses the potential link between dust storms and cardiorespiratory emergency department (ED) visits in the southwestern US. We acquired data for 2005–2016 from eight IMPROVE (Interagency Monitoring of PROtected Visual Environments) sites in Arizona, California, and Utah. We applied a validated algorithm to identify dust storm days at each site. We acquired patient-level ED visit data from state agencies and ascertained visits for respiratory, cardiovascular, and cause-specific subgroups among patients residing in ZIP codes within 50 km of an IMPROVE site. Using a case-crossover design, we estimated short-term associations of ED visits and dust storms, controlling for temporally varying covariates. During 2005–2016, 40 dust storm days occurred at the eight IMPROVE sites. Mean PM10 and PM2.5 levels were three to six times greater on dust storm days compared to non-dust storm days. Over the study period, there were 2 524 259 respiratory and 2 805 925 cardiovascular ED visits. At lags of 1, 2, and 3 days after a dust storm, we observed 3.7% (95% CI: 1.0%, 7.6%), 4.9% (95% CI: 1.1%, 8.9%), and 5.0% (95% CI: 1.3%, 8.9%) elevated odds of respiratory ED visits compared to non-dust storm days. Estimated associations of dust storm days and cardiovascular disease ED visits were largely consistent with the null. Using a monitoring-based exposure metric, we observed associations among dust storms and respiratory ED visits. The results add to growing evidence of the health threat posed by dust storms. The dust storm metric was limited by lack of daily data; future research should consider information from satellite and numerical models to enhance dust storm characterization.
Reconstructing orbit closures from their boundaries
Authors: Apisa Paul , Wright Alex
Published: June 2024

We introduce and study diamonds of

G
L

+

(
2
,

R

)

\mathrm {GL}^+(2, \mathbb {R})

-invariant subvarieties of Abelian and quadratic differentials, which allow us to recover information on an invariant subvariety by simultaneously considering two degenerations, and which provide a new tool for the classification of invariant subvarieties. We classify a surprisingly rich collection of diamonds where the two degenerations are contained in “trivial” invariant subvarieties. Our main results have been applied to classify large collections of invariant subvarieties; the statement of those results do not involve diamonds, but their proofs rely on them.