bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Thessalian and Cretan Name for ‘Bottle Gourd’
Authors: Kaczyńska Elwira , Witczak Krzysztof Tomasz
Published: October 2019

The Polish version of the article was published in “Roczniki Humanistyczne,” vol. 63 (2015), issue 3.

In his work Deipnosophistae (IX 369b), Athenaeus discusses four Greek names for turnip, (Brassica campestris L., syn. Brassica rapa L.): βουνιάς, γογγυλίς, Laconian γάστρα and Boeotian ζεκελτίς. The three first names are clearly motivated by the Greek vocabulary. The fourth term remains obscure in terms of its etymology and word-formation. According to Athenaeus (IX 369b), two Greek writers, Amerias and Timachidas, refer to a dialectal (evidently Thessalian) term ζακελτίς f. ‘bottle gourd, calabash, Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.’. In his lexicon, Hesychius of Alexandria registers two related glosses: ζακελτίδες · κολοκύνται. ἢ γογγυλίδες (HAL ζ-24); ζακαυθίδες · κολοκύνται (HAL ζ-30). The former refers to the Thessalian lexis. The latter one (wrongly printed as ζακυνθίδες · κολοκύνται in M. Schmidt’s and K. Latte’s editions) demonstrates a shift of the liquid consonant λ [l] to [ṷ], which is a typical Cretan phenomenon, attested also in the Hesychian lexicon, see e.g. [1] αὐκάν · ἀλκήν. Κρῆτες (HAL α-8277); [2] αὐκυόνα · ἀλκυόνα. Κρῆτες (HAL α-8280); [3] αὕμα · ἅλμη, ὑπὸ Κρητῶν (HAL α-8324); [4] αὖσος · ἄλσος. Κρῆτες (HAL α-8347); [5] θεύγεσθαι · θέλγεσθαι. Κρῆτες (HAL θ-427). The same phonological process of the velarization of *λ [l] is also registered in epigraphic texts found in three towns of Central Crete (Gortyna, Leben, Phaistos). Thus, it seems that the Hesychian term ζακαυθίδες ‘bottle gourds’ (derived from the earlier *ζακαλθίδες) must be seen as a dialectal form typical of Central Cretan.
The Image of the Polish People’s Republic (PRL) in Janusz Krasiński’s Pentalogy
Authors: Urbanowski Maciej
Published: October 2019

The Polish version of the article was published in Roczniki Humanistyczne vol. 65, issue 1 (2017).

This article reconstructs the image of the Polish People’s Republic (PRL) in the monumental pentalogy by Janusz Krasiński, one of the most important achievements of Polish literature after 1989. In his works Krasiński showed Poland in the years 1945–1989 from the perspective of Szymon Bolesta, who at the age of 18 was falsely accused by the Communists of espionage and sentenced to 15 years in prison. The prison experience and Bolesta’s later literary career makes the reader perceive the PRL as a hostile, alien and dangerous entity, based on violence and lies, arousing fear, destroying human souls and trying to create a new non-human ethics.
Impact of the Concept of Good Governance on the Functioning of Public Administration in Poland—an Outline
Authors: Barczewska-Dziobek Agata
Published: October 2019

The concept of “good governance,” reflected in legislation, modifies the nature of the activity of public authorities. It is currently being promoted by international institutions, including the European Union, particularly with regard to its cohesion policy, which should be based on the principles of openness, participation, accountability, effectiveness and cohesion. Therefore, the existing mechanisms of cross-sectoral cooperation are being modified and new organisational and legal forms are emerging. They meet the requirements of openness, partnership and dialogue of public administration with social partners, thus increasing the effectiveness of bodies of public administration. As a result of consultation, as well as through the direct involvement of social partners in the implementation of tasks, the public are more trusting and the actions of public authorities are gaining more legitimacy.
Fees Paid in Civil Cases in the Duchy of Warsaw and the Kingdom of Poland (Until 1876)
Authors: Pomianowski Piotr Z.
Published: October 2019

The article concerns costs borne by parties to court cases in the Duchy of Warsaw and the Kingdom of Poland (until the unification of the Polish judiciary with the Russian system in the 1870s). Litigation costs included: court fees, attorneys’ and experts’ fees, travel expenses incurred by the parties and other persons whose appearance was necessary, daily allowances for the parties, witnesses and court officers, and costs of correspondence (delivered by court officers). The most important costs were the court fees, which were paid using stamped paper.The author focused on the content of three acts which comprehensively regulated the collection of stamp duty (acts of 1809, 1811 and 1863). In property litigations, the amount of stamp duty depended on the value of the disputed subject matter, while it had a regressive character (the bigger the claim, the lower the fees). However, in cases concerning non-financial claims, the fee depended on the affluence of the parties or was set as a lump sum.
Penal Order Proceedings as a Manifestation of Permissible Simplification of Certain Procedural Institutions
Authors: Kruk Ewa
Published: October 2019

Penal order proceedings are but one type of special procedure. They are characterised by a far-reaching reduction in formalism. The article discusses institutions which are characteristic for this type of proceedings, noting the admissibility of such solutions but also the dangers inherent in adjudication only on the basis of evidence collected by the public prosecutor. In addition, a detailed analysis of the positive and negative criteria for the use of penal order proceedings was presented.
Historical and Legal Aspects of the Operation of the Bydgoszcz Branch of the Polish National Credit Bank
Authors: Zych Radosław
Published: October 2019

The archival documents concerning the Bydgoszcz Branch of Polska Krajowa Kasa Pożyczkowa have been barely preserved. Press releases concerning its activities may indicate the main directions of its operation. Undoubtedly, the legal groundwork was generally laid in commonly binding normative acts. The Bydgoszcz Branch was opened after the city government was handed over to Polish administration. That fact is likely to undermine the argument that the Bank supported German interests. Although this cannot be stated unequivocally, I do hope that over time more archival collections will be created to enable further research in this area.
Mediation as a Method of Resolving Organisational Conflicts
Authors: Broński Włodzimierz
Published: October 2019

Mediation is a useful form of managing relationships and resolving conflicts in an enterprise. The use of mediation results from the organizational culture of the enterprise. As an institution regulated by law, it is a tool for solving individual and collective labour disputes. It also fosters dialogue, ensures proper communication, cooperation, and creative problem solving. The pilot studies carried out in 20 Polish enterprises show that they use mediation, yet still quite rarely.
The Worker’s Employment Contract—the Legal Regulations of Interwar Poland
Authors: Kwiecień Sebastian
Published: October 2019

In independent Poland, the foundations for a new area of law, that is, labour law were laid, abandoning the previously crucial principle of freedom of contract underlying the contractual relationship between an employee and the employer. On March 16, 1928, the President of the Republic of Poland issued an ordinance on labour contracts, defining mutual obligations of employees and their employers under an employment contract based on which the employee undertook to perform work for the employer against remuneration. The legislator permitted the conclusion of employment contracts in writing, orally or in any other customary form accepted in a given workplace. In exchange for the work performed, the employer was obliged to pay appropriate contractual remuneration, as specified in the employment agreement.

Importantly, this ordinance contained a number of protective regulations that were designed to protect the worker and make his position towards the employer more equal. They included regulations concerning remuneration protection or the employer’s obligation to specify work rules. Most importantly, however, the ordinance protected the worker from immediate and unjustified dismissal.
Yevgeny Fedorovich CHEREDNIKOV - surgeon innovative orientation (to the 70th of birthday)
Authors: Polubkova Galina Vladimirovna , Ostroushko Anton Petrovich
Published: October 2019

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Les dénominations métaphoriques en terminologie psychiatrique : recours aux personnages littéraires, historiques et mythiques
Authors: Krymarys Joanna Małgorzata
Published: October 2019

L’article traite des dénominations métaphoriques appartenant à la terminologie psychiatrique. En s’appuyant sur un corpus de termes français provenant de cette spécialité médicale, nous présentons ceux qui font spécifiquement appel aux personnages littéraires, mythiques et historiques. Après avoir expliqué brièvement chacune des appellations analysées, ainsi que les profils des personnages évoqués, nous cherchons à révéler sur quoi reposent les connexions métaphoriques établies.
Best Alternatives Determination and Financial Feasibility Analysis of the Cleaner Production Application at Amplang Crackers Industry
[Penentuan Alternatif Terbaik dan Analisis Kelayakan Finansial Penerapan Produksi Bersih Industri Kerupuk Amplang]<br]
Authors: Putri Kurnia , Ulya Millatul , Purwandari Umi
Published: October 2019

AbstractSmall-medium enterprises “Bintang Kertasada” is the mackerel fish crackers industry in Sumenep which generates solid and liquid waste, negatively affecting the environment. Therefore, a strategy in reducing the volume of waste produced and its impacts is the implementation of cleaner production and further determined through this present study. A method of AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process), followed by feasibility study through BEP (Break Event Point), PP (Payback Periode), B/C Ratio (Benefit-Cost Ratio), NPV (Net Present Value), and IRR (Internal Rate of Return) analysis were performed. This study demonstrated that the best alternative was processing fish skin into crackers that was attributed by the AHP score of 0.565. Furthermore, the financial feasibility analysis indicated that the production of fish scale crackers was feasible, indicated by the BEP of IDR 4,412 with 27,617 units produced, PP of 11 months, B/C ratio of 1.2, NPV of IDR 23,176,128, -, and IRR of 27.12%. Overall, the processing solid waste of fish skin into crackers was the best alternative with the most financial feasibility.AbstrakUD. Bintang Kertasada-Sumenep merupakan salah satu industri pengolahan kerupuk amplang yang menghasilkan limbah padat dan cair. Selama ini, limbah yang dihasilkan sudah ditangani secara optimal namun tidak pada limbah padat kulit ikan. Produksi Bersih merupakan salah satu strategi yang digunakan untuk mengurangi pencemaran lingkungan dengan mengurangi jumlah sumber daya dan limbah hasil samping produksi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui alternatif terbaik penerapan produksi bersih di UD. Bintang Kertasada-Sumenep dan mengetahui kelayakan finansial dari alternatif terbaik tersebut. Alternatif penerapan produksi bersih yang digunakan adalah kerupuk kulit ikan, keripik kulit ikan crispy, kulit ikan goreng berbalut telur asin, minyak kult ikan, gelatin dan lem kulit ikan. Penentuan alternatif terbaik dilakukan dengan metode AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process). Parameter kelayakan finansial menggunakan perhitungan BEP (Break Event Point), PP (Payback Periode), B/C Ratio (Benefit Cost Ratio), NPV (Net Present Value), dan IRR (Internal Rate of Return). Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa alternatif terbaik yakni mengolah limbah padat kulit ikan menjadi kerupuk dengan nilai bobot sebesar 0,565. Analisis Kelayakan finansial menunjukkan bahwa produksi kerupuk kulit ikan layak untuk dilakukan dengan perolehan BEP harga sebesar Rp. 4.412, BEP produksi sebanyak 27.617 kemasan, PP selama 11 bulan, B/C Ratio 1,2, NPV sebesar Rp 23.176.128, dan IRR sebesar 27,12%.
Neutrino Star Cosmology
Authors: Neiser Tom
Published: October 2019

The ΛCDM model successfully models the expansion of matter in the universe with an expansion of the underlying metric. However, it does not address the physical origin of the big bang and dark energy. A model of cosmology is proposed, where the state of high energy density of the big bang is created by the collapse of an antineutrino star that has exceeded its Chandrasekhar limit. To allow the first neutrino stars and antineutrino stars to form naturally from an initial quantum vacuum state, it helps to assume that antimatter has negative gravitational mass. While it may prove incorrect, this assumption may also help identify dark energy. The degenerate remnant of an antineutrino star can today have an average mass density that is similar to the dark energy density of the ΛCDM model. When in hydrostatic equilibrium, this antineutrino star remnant can emit isothermal cosmic microwave background radiation and accelerate matter radially. This model and the ΛCDM model are in similar quantitative agreement with supernova distance measurements. Other observational tests of the above model are also discussed.
Feasibility of Innovative Tools and Methods to Improve Household Surveys in Complex Urban Settings: Multiple Methods Analysis of the Surveys for Urban Equity (SUE) Study in Kathmandu, Dhaka and Hanoi
Authors: Thomson Dana , Bhattarai Radheshyam , Khanal Sudeepa , Manandhar Shraddha , Dhungel Rajeev , Gajurel Subash , Hicks Joseph P , Duc Duong Minh , Ferdoush Junnatul , Ferdous Tarana , Urmy Nushrat Jahan , Shawon Riffat Ara , Long Khuong Quynh , Poudel Ak Narayan , Cartwright Chris , Wallace Hilary , Ensor Tim , Baral Sushil , Mashreky Saidur , Huque Rumana , Minh Hoang Van , Elsey Helen
Published: October 2019

Background: The methods used in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) household surveys have not changed in four decades; however, LMIC societies have changed substantially. This mismatch may result in unintentional exclusion of vulnerable and mobile urban populations. We compare three survey method innovations with standard survey methods in Kathmandu, Dhaka, and Hanoi, and summarize feasibility of our innovative methods in terms of time, cost, skill requirements, and experiences. Methods: We used descriptive statistics and regression techniques to compare respondent characteristics in samples drawn with innovative versus standard survey designs and household definitions, adjusting for sample probability weights and clustering. Feasibility of innovative methods was evaluated using a thematic framework analysis of focus group discussions with survey field staff, and via survey planner budgets. Results: We found that a common household definition excluded single adult (46.9%) and migrant headed households (6.7%), as well as non-married (8.5%), unemployed (10.5%), disabled (9.3%), and studying (14.3%) adults. Further, standard two-stage sampling resulted in fewer single adult and non-family households than an innovative one-stage design; however, two-stage sampling resulted in more tent and shack dwellers. Our survey innovations provided good value for money and field staff experiences were neutral or positive. Staff recommended streamlining field tools and pairing technical and survey content experts during fieldwork. Conclusions: This evidence of unintentional exclusion of vulnerable and mobile urban populations in LMIC household surveys is deeply concerning, and underscores the need to modernize survey methods and practices.
PENGEMBANGAN MODUL BERBASIS WEB UNTUK PEMBELAJARAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN SOSIAL TERPADU
Authors: Sumiaty R. Susty , Astuti Indri , Suratman Dede
Published: October 2019

This research is aimed to produce web module that titled hasnenians web module designed in social science study, review the final web module’s profile, and to know how effective this web module for increase student’s final score in SMP Negeri 1 Sanggau. This research and development consists to Borg and Gall theory, and for design of instructional system take an ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Develop, Implementation and Evaluation) Instructional Development Model. There are the steps of the web module that combined the syntax of R & D model and ADDIE model, they are; pre research Steps that consist of research and information collecting, develop steps that consist of develop preliminary form of product, expert validation and revise, one to one trial, small group trial, field trial and final product revisi, and then Implementation steps, and the final product of web module can run out in the classroom as one of learning source to help the students to understand about social science. The web module can access by online for everyone anywhere and anytime. The result of this research showed that hasnenians web module have given a lot in learning process that proved by the effect size score and also from pretest and posttest’s score.
Force calculation of the process of briquetting powder, chip and other bulk materials
Authors: Dyakonov O. M.
Published: October 2019

The work is devoted to solving the axisymmetric problem of the theory of pressing porous bodies with practical application in the form of force calculation of metallurgical processes of briquetting small fractional bulk materials: powder, chip, granulated and other metalworking wastes. For such materials, the shape of the particles (structural elements) is not geometrically correct or generally definable. This was the basis for the decision to be based on the continual model of a porous body. As a result of bringing this model to a two-dimensional spatial model, a closed analytical solution was obtained by the method of jointly solving differential equilibrium equations and the Guber-Mises energy condition of plasticity. The following assumptions were adopted as working hypotheses: the radial shear stress is equal to the tangential one, the lateral pressure coefficient is equal to the relative density of the compact. Due to the fact that the problem is solved in a general form and in a general formulation, the solution itself should be considered as methodological for any axisymmetric loading scheme. The transcendental equations of the deformation compaction of a porous body are obtained both for an ideal pressing process and taking into account contact friction forces. As a result of the development of a method for solving these equations, the formulas for calculating the local characteristics of the stressed state of the pressing, as well as the integral parameters of the pressing process are derived: pressure, stress, and deformation work.
The impact of technological methods of heat treatment of membranes on the properties of the aneroid sensors
Authors: Tolstoy A. V.
Published: October 2019

The study of the effect of hardering temperature on the properties of beryllium bronze in subsequent aging were made. It is shown that the elastic properties of the aged material, with the hardening is carried out from 750 °C, significantly lower than hardering from 760 °C. With the increase of quenching temperature, this difference decreases after quenching from temperatures 770–800 °С with the level of hardening of the alloy during subsequent aging is practically the same. Comparative studies of the structure and properties of elements heat – treated under different conditions (furnaces with controlled air atmosphere, vacuum containers, molten salts). It is established that the main reason for the shrinkage value is the difference in their structural state caused by the unequal heating time of the material to the aging temperature.
The phase composition, structure and properties of high-temperature-based powders of the system iron-aluminum obtained by the technology of the reaction-mechanical alloying. Foundry production and metallurgy
Authors: Lovshenko F. G. , Fedosenko A. S.
Published: October 2019

The regularities of the formation of powders based on the Fe-Al system, obtained by the method of mechanical alloying and intended for the deposition of thermal spraying coatings were established. The morphology, structure, phase composition and properties of materials are investigated. After mechanical synthesis, the powders have an average particle size of 30–100 µm, submicrocrystalline structures, and nonequilibrium phase composition. Annealing of powders causes to an increase in the hardness of particles up to 80%, the value of which is largely preserved after prolonged heating to 1170 K, which indicates the presence of heat-resistant materials.
Research of influence of working conditions on the general incidence of foundrymen
Authors: Lazarenkov A. M.
Published: October 2019

Working conditions of workers in foundries and their influence on morbidity with temporary disability are considered. The results of the distribution of diseases in the foundry shops with different character of production for individual nosological forms. It is noted that the increased levels of noise and vibration, high dust concentration in the air of the working area, significant values of air temperature, the intensity of infrared radiation increase the number of cases of morbidity with temporary disability, such as acute respiratory infections, diseases of the musculoskeletal system, respiratory diseases, infections and skin diseases, etc.
A study of working conditions in electroplating shops
Authors: Lazarenkov A. M.
Published: October 2019

The results of the study of working conditions working in electroplating shops. It is shown that the main production factors of working conditions are noise, vibration, dust, gas contamination, relative humidity of air, the severity and intensity of the labor process. The results of the studies have shown that at all workplaces there are exceeding of the permissible values for noise level, the content of harmful substances in the air of the working environment when working directly with the galvanic baths, the relative humidity of the air. It is noted that the work performed on the severity and intensity of the labor process can adversely affect the health of workers.
Surface energy of ultrafine particles as a tool for creating nanomodifiers complexes
Authors: Rudnitsky F. I. , Kulikov S. A. , Shumigai V. A.
Published: October 2019

The results of studies on the effect of particles of metal-abrasive sludge used as a potential modifier of gray cast iron are presented in the article.

The influence of metal and non-metal components of the sludge is clarified and the prevailing influence of metal particles is established during the studies. The assumption is made about the mechanism of the effect of particulate additives from the viewpoint of self-organization phenomena in ultradispersed systems. The strength increase of cast iron CЧ20 as a result of the introduction of slurries into the melt reaches up to 25%.
Review Application of ORC in Lahendong Geothermal Field
Authors: Wibowo Satriyo Nurhanudin , Pudyastuti Kris , Suyanto _Suyanto , Agustina Lina , Harmen _Harmen , Patangke Salvius
Published: October 2019

Indonesia is the second largest country that has geothermal energy resources after USA. Unfortunately, utilization of this energy source in this country is still limited. One of the challenges is that many of these energy sources are classified as low and medium enthalpy energy sources. In geothermal power plant in Indonesia, still many brines are still hot before reinjected to the reservoir. They are potential to utilize to increase energy efficiency using a binary power plant. So far, its utilization using conventional steam power plants is less than satisfactory.

To increase the utilization of the geothermal energy sources, the ORC system has been used in Lahendong geothermal field at North Sulawesi as a secondary power plant. The ORC is supported by German Research Center of Geoscience (GFZ Potsdam), in collaboration with Pertamina Geothermal Energy (PGE) and Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT). The Lahendong ORC adds intermediate cycle in front, where the intermediate cycle is aimed to prevent scaling problems occurred in the ORC modular.

In this paper, a comparison review between the existing ORC system and the simple cycle ORC system (without intermediate cycle) was carried out. The simulation work is also done to get the best type of the ORC system that is applied in Lahendong. The simulation was done by using a software "Engineering Equation Solver (EES)". Based on the simulation, the using of the intermediate cycle can decrease net efficiency 1.23% if compared with the simple cycle ORC design. Furthermore, the results of this study can be used to improve the performance of the existing ORC system and can also be used to exploit the potential of other geothermal resources that are very abundant in Indonesia.
Mortality among children under five years admitted for routine care of severe acute malnutrition: a prospective study from Kampala, Uganda
Authors: Nalwanga Damalie , Musiime Victor , Kizito Samuel , Kiggundu John Baptist , Musoke Philippa , Tumwine James K
Published: October 2019

Background:
Mortality among children under five years of age admitted to malnutrition units in sub-Saharan Africa remains high. The burden of HIV infection, a major risk factor for mortality among patients with severe acute malnutrition (SAM), has reduced due to concerted prevention and treatment strategies. None the less, anecdotal reports from the malnutrition unit at Uganda’s National Referral Hospital (NRH) indicate that there is high mortality among patients with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in routine care. Uganda has recently adopted the revised World Health Organization (WHO) treatment guidelines for SAM to improve outcomes. The mortality among children with SAM in routine care has not been recently elucidated. We report the magnitude and factors associated with mortality among children under five years of age admitted to the NRH for routine care of SAM.
Methods:
This was a cohort study of all severely malnourished children admitted to the NRH between June and October 2017. The primary outcome was two-week mortality. Mortality was calculated using simple proportions and Cox regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with time to mortality. Data was entered into Epidata and analysed using Stata v14.
Results:
Two-hundred-sixty (98.5%) children: 59.6% male; mean age 14.4 (SD 9.4) months, completed two weeks of follow-up. Of these,25.2 % (95% CI 19.9-30.4%) died. In-hospital mortality was 20.7% (95% CI15.9-25.6%). The prevalence of HIV infection was 12.2%. Factors associated with mortality included: positive HIV status (AHR 2.2, (95% CI; 1.2-4.2), p=0.014), bacteraemia (AHR 9 (95% CI 3.4-23.0), p<0.001, and low glomerular filtration rate (GFR), AHR 3.2; (95% CI 1.7-6.3), p=0.001).
Conclusions: A 25% mortality among children with severe malnutrition remains unacceptably high despite significant reduction in HIV prevalence. Children with SAM who are HIV infected, have GFR below 60 mL/min/1.73m2 or are bacteraemic, are more likely to die. Further studies to explore the relationship between GFR and mortality among children with SAM are needed. Studies to establish efficacious antibiotics are urgently required to inform treatment guidelines for children with SAM.
A case-control study of musculoskeletal impairment: association with socio-economic status, time use and quality of life in post-conflict Myanmar
Authors: Mactaggart Islay , Maung Nay Soe , Khaing Cho Thet , Kuper Hannah , Blanchet Karl
Published: October 2019

Background:
Musculoskeletal impairments (MSI) are a major global contributor to disability. Evidence suggests entrenched cyclical links between disability and poverty, although few data are available on the link of poverty with MSI. More data are needed on the association of MSI with functioning, socio-economic status and quality of life, particularly in resource poor settings where MSI is common.
Methods:
We undertook a case-control study of the association between MSI and poverty, time use and quality of life in Myanmar. Cases were recruited from two physical rehabilitation service-centres, prior to the receipt of any services. One age (+/- 5 years) sex matched control was recruited per case, from their home community. 108 cases and 104 controls were recruited between July – December 2015. Participants underwent in-depth structured interviews and functional performance tests at multiple time points over a twelve-month period. Baseline characteristics of participants are reported in this manuscript, using multivariate logistic regression analysis and various tests of association.
Results:
89% of cases were male, 93% were lower limb amputees, and the vast majority had acquired MSI in adulthood. 69% were not working compared with 6% of controls (Odds Ratio 27.4, 95% Confidence Interval 10.6 – 70.7). Overall income, expenditure and assets were similar between cases and controls, with three-quarters of both living below the international LMIC poverty line. However, cases’ health expenditure was significantly higher than controls’ and associated with catastrophic health expenditure and an income gap for one fifth and two thirds of cases respectively. Quality of life scores were lower for cases than controls overall and in each sub-category of quality of life, and cases were far less likely to have participated in productive work the previous day than controls.
Conclusion:
Adults with MSI in Myanmar who are not in receipt of rehabilitative services may be at risk of increased poverty and lower quality of life in relation to increased health needs and limited opportunities to participate in productive work. This study highlights the need for more comprehensive and appropriate support to persons with physical impairments in Myanmar.
Key words: musculoskeletal impairment, physical rehabilitation, quality of life, Myanmar
The grapevine homeobox gene VvHB58 influences seed and fruit development through multiple hormonal signaling pathways
Authors: Li Yunduan , Zhang Songlin , Dong Ruzhuang , Wang Li , Yao Jin , Nocker Steve van , Wang Xiping
Published: October 2019

Background: The homeobox transcription factor has a diversity of functions during plant growth and development process. Previous transcriptome analyses of seed development in grape hybrids suggested that specific homeodomain transcription factors are involved in seed development in seedless cultivars. However, the molecular mechanism of homeobox gene regulating seed development in grape is rarely reported.Results: Here, we report that the grapevine VvHB58 gene, encoding a homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-Zip I) transcription factor, participates in regulating fruit size and seed number. The VvHB58 gene was differentially expressed during seed development between seedless and seeded cultivars. Subcellular localization assays revealed that the VvHB58 protein was located in the nucleus. Transgenic expression of VvHB58 in tomato led to loss of apical dominance, a reduction in fruit pericarp expansion, reduced fruit size and seed number, and larger endosperm cells. Analysis of the cytosine methylation levels within the VvHB58 promoter indicated that the differential expression during seed development between seedless and seeded grapes may be caused by different transcriptional regulatory mechanisms rather than promoter DNA methylation. Measurements of five classic endogenous hormones and expression analysis of hormone-related genes between VvHB58 transgenic and nontransgenic control plants showed that expression of VvHB58 resulted in significant changes in auxin, gibberellin and ethylene signaling pathways. Additionally, several DNA methylation-related genes were expressed differentially during seed development stages in seedless and seeded grapes, suggesting changes in methylation levels during seed development may be associated with seed abortion.Conclusion: VvHB58 has a potential function in regulating fruit and seed development by impacting multiple hormonal pathways. These results expand understanding of homeodomain transcription factors and potential regulatory mechanism of seed development in grapevine, and provided insights into molecular breeding for grapes.
Nutrition education and cooking workshops for families of children with cancer: a feasibility study
Authors: Beaulieu-Gagnon Sabrina , Bélanger Véronique , Meloche Caroline , Curnier Daniel , Sultan Serge , Laverdière Caroline , Sinnett Daniel , Marcil Valérie
Published: October 2019

Background: Changes in food intake are common in children with cancer and are often caused by nausea and perturbations in sense of taste. The VIE (Valorization, Implication, Education) study proposes family-based nutrition and cooking education workshops during childhood cancer treatments. Process evaluation during implementation allows to assess if the intervention was delivered as planned and to determine its barriers and facilitators. The study objective was to describe the implementation process of a nutrition education and cooking workshop program for families of children actively treated for cancer in a non-randomized non-controlled feasibility study.
Methods: Six open-to-all in-hospital workshops were offered on a weekly basis during a one-year implementation phase. We collected qualitative and quantitative data using field notes and activity reports completed by the registered dietician facilitator; surveys and questionnaires fulfilled by the workshop participants and by the families enrolled in the VIE study. Field notes were used to collect only qualitative data. Survey respondents (n=26) were mostly mothers (n=19, 73%). Children’s mean age was 7.80 (± 4.99) years and the mean time since diagnosis was 7.98 (± 0.81) months. Qualitative data were codified using hybrid content analysis. The first deductive analysis was based on the Steckler & Linnan concepts. Subthemes were then identified inductively. Quantitative data were presented with descriptive statistics.
Results: Workshop attendance was low (17 participants over 1 year) and 71% of the planned workshops were cancelled due to lack of participants. The principal barriers to participation referred the child’s medical condition, parental presence required at the child’s bedside and challenges related to logistics and time management. The level of interest in the topics addressed was found high or very high for 92% of the participants. The themes that were perceived as the most useful by parents were related to the child’s specific medical condition.
Conclusions: Despite high interest, workshops delivered in a face-to-face format were poorly feasible in our sample population. This supports the need to develop educational programs in pediatric oncology using strategies and delivery formats that address the major barriers for participation encountered by families.
Comparison between minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis and open reduction–internal fixation for proximal humeral fractures: a meta-analysis based on 1050 individuals
Authors: Li Feilong , Nie Tao , Liu Xuqiang , Wang Fuqiang , Gu Zhiping , Tao Qianyuan , Yao Cong , Luo Xuwen
Published: October 2019

Background This meta-analysis aimed to compare the clinical outcomes and complications of minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) and open reduction–internal fixation (ORIF) in patients with proximal humeral fractures. Methods We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Ovid, and the Cochrane Library to identify all relevant studies from inception to April 2019. Cochrane Collaboration’s Review Manage 5.3 was used for meta-analysis. Results Sixteen studies involving 1050 patients (464 patients in the MIPO group and 586 patients in the ORIF group) were finally included. According to the meta-analysis, MIPO was superior to ORIF in operation time, blood loss, postoperative pain, fracture union time, and constant score. However, MIPO was associated with more exposure to radiation and axillary nerve injury. No significant differences were found in length of hospital stays and complication except for axillary nerve injury. Conclusion The present evidence indicates that compared to ORIF, MIPO had advantages in functional outcomes, operation time, blood loss, postoperative pain, and fracture union time for the treatment of PHFs. However, the MIPO technique had a higher rate of axillary nerve injury and longer radiation time compared to ORIF.
Systematical identifications of prognostic meaningful lung adenocarcinoma subtypes and the underlying mutational and expressional characters
Authors: Lei Ting , Lv Zhenyang
Published: October 2019

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is one of the most common cancer types. However, the high heterogeneity and complexity of LUAD hinder effective treatments. This study aimed to identify the key prognosis impacting genes and the corresponding subtypes for LUAD. Specifically, the cox proportional hazards model was combined with a causal regulatory network to help reveal which genes play master roles among numerous prognosis impacting genes, and sub-types were identified based on expressional profiles of the master genes. As results, a collection of 75 genes were recognized as the master prognosis impacting genes, where some were enriched in mTOR signaling and lysosome pathways. Based on their expressions, the LUAD patients were separated into two sub-types displaying remarkable differences in expressional profiles, prognostic outcomes and genomic mutations. Meanwhile, the two subtypes were re-discovered from two additional LUAD cohorts based on only the top-10 important master genes. This study provides a comprehensive description on the key prognosis-relevant genes and an alternative way to classify LUAD subtypes which can promote LUAD precision treatment.
Social acceptance of alcohol use in Uganda.
Authors: Ssebunnya Joshua , Kituyi Caroline , Nabanoba Justine , Nakku Juliet , Bhana Arvin , Kigozi Fred
Published: October 2019

Abstract: Background: Alcohol use is part of many cultural, religious and social practices, and provides perceived pleasure to many users. In many societies, alcoholic beverages are a routine part of the social landscape for many in the population. Relatively low rates were reported for Alcohol Use Disorders (AUD) in a community based survey and facility detection survey conducted in the study site contrary to findings in earlier formative studies where alcohol use was reported to be a major health problem. The aim of this study was to understand reasons for under-reporting and the low detection rate for AUDs, exploring the societal perceptions of alcohol use in the study district. Methods: The study was conducted in Kamuli District (implementation site for the PRIME project). Semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with purposively selected participants that included local and religious leaders, lay people, health workers as well as heavy alcohol drinkers and their spouses. Interviews were tape-recorded and transcribed verbatim. The analysis followed 4 thematic areas, which include the extent and acceptability of alcohol use, patterns of alcohol use, perceived health problems associated with alcohol use and help-seeking behavior for persons with alcohol related problems. Results: The findings indicate that alcohol consumption in the study site was common and widely acceptable across all categories of people, with minimal restrictions. Society tends to overlook problems associated with alcohol use except when it is life-threatening. Help-seeking for such problems was therefore reported to be relatively rare. Conclusion: Alcohol was readily available in the community and its consumption widely acceptable with minimal restrictions to the minors. There is low recognition of alcohol use related health problems, resulting in poor help-seeking behavior. Key words: Alcohol, Kamuli, Alcohol Use Disorder, PRIME acceptability
Reduction of corticosteroid use in outpatient treatment of exacerbated COPD – Study protocol for a randomized, double-blind, non-inferiority study (The “RECUT”-Trial)
Authors: Urwyler Pascal , Boesing Maria , Abig Kristin , Cattaneo Marco , Dieterle Thomas , Zeller Andreas , Bachler Herbert , Markun Stefan , Senn Oliver , Merlo Christoph , Essig Stefan , Ullmer Elke , Schuurmans Macé , Leuppi Joerg Daniel
Published: October 2019

Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major public health issue affecting approximately four to seven percent of the Swiss population. According to current inpatient guidelines, systemic corticosteroids are important in the treatment of acute COPD exacerbations and should be given for five to seven days. Several studies suggest that corticosteroids accelerate the recovery of the FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in one second), enhance oxygenation, decrease duration of hospitalization and improve clinical outcome. However, the additional therapeutic benefit on FEV1 recovery appears to be most apparent in the first three to five days. No data are available on the minimal necessary corticosteroid dose and treatment duration in primary care patients with acute COPD exacerbations. Given that many COPD patients are treated on an outpatient basis, there is an urgent need to improve evidence about COPD management in this setting. The aim of this study is to investigate whether a three-day treatment with orally administered corticosteroids is non-inferior to a five-day treatment in acute exacerbations of COPD in a primary care setting. Methods The proposed study is a prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial conducted in a primary care setting, including an anticipated number of 470 patients with acutely exacerbated COPD. Participants are randomised to receive systemic corticosteroid treatment of 40 mg prednisone daily for five days (conventional arm, n = 235), or for three days, followed by two days of placebo (experimental arm, n = 235). Antibiotic treatment for seven days is given to all patients with CRP ≥ 50 mg/l, known diagnosis of bronchiectasis, or presenting with Anthonisen Type-I exacerbation. Additional treatment after inclusion is left at the discretion of the treating general practitioner. Follow-up visits are performed on days three and seven by the treating general practitioners, followed by telephone interviews on days 30, 90 and 180 after inclusion into the study. Primary endpoint is the time to next exacerbation during a six-months follow-up period, which includes re-exacerbation during index exacerbation. Discussion This study is designed to assess whether a three-day course of corticosteroid treatment is not inferior to the current conventional five-day treatment course in outpatients with exacerbated COPD regarding time to next exacerbation. Depending on the results, this trial might lead to a further reduction of cumulative corticosteroid dose in COPD patients.
Risk factors for Clostridioides difficile infection and colonization among patients admitted to an intensive care unit in Shanghai, China
Authors: Cui Yingchao , Dong Danfeng , Zhang Lihua , Wang Daosheng , Jiang Cen , Ni Qi , Wang Chen , Mao Enqiang , Peng Yibing
Published: October 2019

Background: Clostridioides difficile is considered the main pathogen responsible for hospital-acquired infections. This prospective study determined the prevalence, molecular epidemiological characteristics, and risk factors for C. difficile infection (CDI) and C. difficile colonization (CDC) among patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) of a large-scale tertiary hospital in China, with the aim of providing strategies for efficient CDI and CDC prevention and control.
Methods: Stool samples were collected and anaerobically cultured for C. difficile detection. The identified isolates were examined for toxin genes and subjected to multilocus sequence typing. Patients were classified into CDI, CDC, and control groups, and their medical records were analyzed to determine the risk factors for CDI and CDC.
Results: Of the 800 patients included in the study, 33 (4.12%) and 25 (3.12%) were identified to have CDI and CDC, respectively. Associations with CDI were found for fever (OR=13.993), metabolic disorder (OR=7.972), and treatment with fluoroquinolone (OR=42.696) or combined antibiotics (OR=2.856). CDC patients were characterized by prolonged hospital stay (OR=1.137), increased number of comorbidities (OR=36.509), respiratory diseases (OR=0.043), and treatment with vancomycin (OR=18.168). Notably, treatment with metronidazole was found to be a protective factor in both groups (CDI: OR=0.042; CDC: OR=0.013). Eighteen sequence types (STs) were identified. In the CDI group, the isolated strains were predominantly toxin A and toxin B positive (A+B+) and the epidemic clone was genotype ST2. In the CDC group, the dominant strains were A+B+ and the epidemic clone was ST81.
Conclusions: The prevalences of CDC and CDI in our ICU were relatively high, suggesting the importance of routine screening for acquisition of C. difficile . Future prevention and treatment strategies for CDC and CDI should consider hospital stay, enteral nutrition, underlying comorbidities, and use of combined antibiotics. Moreover, metronidazole may be a protective factor for both CDI and CDC, and could be used empirically.
Educational roles as a continuum of mentoring’s role in medicine – A systematic review and thematic analysis of educational studies from 2000 to 2018
Authors: Krishna Lalit , Renganathan Yaazhini , Tay Kuang Teck , Tan Benjamin Jia Xing , Chong Jia Yan , Ching Ann Hui , Prakash Kishore , Quek Nicholas Wei Sheng , Peh Rachel Huidi , Chin Annelissa Mien Chew , Taylor David C M , Mason Stephen , Kanesvaran Ravindran , Toh Ying Pin
Published: October 2019

Introduction: Recent studies have gone to great lengths to differentiate mentoring from teaching, tutoring, role modelling, coaching and supervision in efforts to better understand mentoring processes. This review seeks to evaluate the notion that teaching, tutoring, role modelling, coaching and supervision may in fact be part of the mentoring process. To evaluate this theory, this review scrutinizes current literature on teaching, tutoring, role modelling, coaching and supervision to evaluate their commonalities with prevailing concepts of novice mentoring.
Methods: A three staged approach is adopted to evaluate this premise. Stage one involves four systematic reviews on one-to-one learning interactions in teaching, tutoring, role modelling, coaching and supervision within Internal Medicine, published between 1st January 2000 and 31st December 2018. Braun and Clarke’s (2006) approach to thematic analysis was used to identify key elements within these approaches and facilitate comparisons between them.
Stage two provides an updated view of one-to-one mentoring between a senior physician and a medical student or junior doctor to contextualise the discussion.
Stage three infuses mentoring into the findings delineated in stage one.
Results: 17499 citations were reviewed, 235 full-text articles were reviewed, and 104 articles were thematically analysed. Four themes were identified – characteristics, processes, nature of relationship, and problems faced in each of the four educational roles.
Discussion: Role modelling, teaching and tutoring, coaching and supervision lie within a mentoring spectrum of increasingly structured interactions, assisted by assessments, feedback and personalised support that culminate with a mentoring approach. Still requiring validation, these findings necessitate a reconceptualization of mentoring and changes to mentor training programs and how mentoring is assessed and supported.