bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treatment of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: revisiting the complement system and other aspects of pathogenesis
Authors: Ponleitner Markus , Rommer Paulus Stefan
Published: December 2022

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) represents a rare neuroimmunological disease causing recurrent attacks and accumulation of permanent disability in affected patients. The discovery of the pathogenic IgG‑1 antibody targeting a water channel expressed in astrocytes, aquaporin 4, constitutes a milestone achievement. Subsequently, multiple pathophysiological aspects of this distinct disease entity have been investigated. Demyelinating lesions and axonal damage ensue from autoantibodies targeting an astroglial epitope. This conundrum has been addressed in the current disease model, where activation of the complement system as well as B cells and interleukin 6 (IL-6) emerged as key contributors. It is the aim of this review to address these factors in light of novel treatment compounds which reflect these pathophysiological concepts in aiming for attack prevention, thus reducing disease burden in patients with NMOSD.
Introduction to niches and mechanisms in ecology and evolution
Authors: Trappes Rose , Nematipour Behzad , Krohs Ulrich
Published: December 2022

Niches and mechanisms are two important but contested elements in the study of organism-environment interactions. Although they are closely interrelated, with niches playing a crucial role in theorizing about ecological and evolutionary mechanisms such as niche construction, facilitation, and species invasion, philosophical discussions about each issue have been largely disconnected. This collection addresses this gap, bringing together contributions from philosophers and biologists about the niche concept, niche construction theory, and ecological and evolutionary mechanisms. In this introduction we provide some background to the collection, which arose out of two workshops organized within an interdisciplinary research consortium. We also summarize each contribution, organized roughly into three groups with considerable overlap and interrelations: niche construction and evolutionary theory, niches, and ecological and evolutionary mechanisms.
Marriage as insurance: job protection and job insecurity in France
Authors: Clark Andrew E. , D’Ambrosio Conchita , Lepinteur Anthony
Published: December 2022

Job insecurity is one of the risks that workers face on the labour market. As with any risk, individuals can choose to insure against it, and we here consider marriage as one potential source of this insurance. The 1999 rise in the French Delalande tax, paid by larger private firms when they laid off workers aged 50 or over, led to an exogenous rise in job insecurity for the uncovered (younger workers) in these larger firms. A difference-in-differences analysis using French panel data reveals that this greater job insecurity for the under-50s led to a significant rise in their probability of marriage, and especially when the partner had greater job security, consistent with marriage providing insurance against labour-market risk.
Factors that determine the degree of fulfilment of expectations for entrepreneurs from the business incubator programmes
Authors: Antonovica Arta , de Esteban Curiel Javier , Herráez Beatriz Rodríguez
Published: December 2022

The uncertain economic situation that was experienced because of the global financial crisis in 2008 and the exponential growth in the use of new technologies in different industries has caused some individuals to become entrepreneurs through the development of a variety of new skills. The main objective of this research paper is to discover what factors significantly determine the degree of fulfilment of expectations for entrepreneurs who have graduated from the incubator programme. Entrepreneurs may expect that a business incubator programme is a key element for their economic development and that it provides them with skills for good image and professional recognition. From the methodological point of view, a survey technique was conducted on 100 entrepreneurs who had already graduated from different business incubator programmes in Madrid, Spain. For the data exploration phase, an Exploratory Factor Analysis was used, which made it possible to identify 10 factors. With the Multiple Linear Regression analysis, these newly created and named factors were ordered by level of importance. The main findings show that most statistically significant factors consist of variables that are related to behaviour, attitude and hard skills (trained).In turn, results demonstrate that soft skills (innate) also play a certain role for fulfilling expectations for developing a successful company. Study confirms that continuous managerial training programmes for entrepreneurs in the twenty-first century are a substantial part for obtaining new skills, knowledge, insights, experiences, and change of behaviours and attitudes of different aspects needed for successful company leadership and management.
Strain Partitioning in a Multi-phase V–Ti–Ni Alloy Containing Superelastic Nano-precipitates
Authors: Cho Jaclyn L. , Tasan C. Cem
Published: December 2022

In V45Ti30Ni25(at. pct), superelastic TiNi and a stable V-rich bcc phase (β) coexist in multiple-phase mixtures with each acting as matrix and precipitate. Through nano-indentation measurements andin situsynchrotron and SEM tensile tests coupled with digital image correlation analysis, the phase mixtures are revealed to exhibit similar strain-partitioning behaviors but different dependencies of reverse transformation on strain. These insights on multi-phase plasticity provide hints for improved damage resistance in the presence of a superelastic phase.
Guess who? Taxonomic problems in the genus Eiseniella revisited by integrated approach
Authors: de Sosa Irene , F. Marchán Daniel , Novo Marta , Szederjesi Timea , Jelic Misel , Jabłońska Aleksandra , Navarro Raúl , Almodóvar Ana , Díaz Cosín Darío J.
Published: December 2022

Eiseniella neapolitana is a semi-aquatic, diploid earthworm that for many years was related to the cosmopolitan species Eiseniella tetraedra and even considered a subspecies of it. Norealidys andaluciana was described in Spain and is usually synonymized with E. neapolitana. We collected 69 specimens from Italy, Spain, and Cyprus and studied five molecular markers (COI, 16S, 28S, 12S, and ND1) and their morphology to solve this taxonomic problem. Phylogenetic analyses reveal the possible existence of two separate genera confounded under the name Eiseniella, but the study of more molecular markers and species of the genus would be necessary to confirm this. Therefore, the synonymy between Eiseniella and Norealidys is maintained. Various genetic analyses, including species delimitation, confirm the separation between E. neapolitana and E. andaluciana (= N. andaluciana) and excluded that E. neapolitana is a subspecies of E. tetraedra. The resemblance in external appearance despite clear genetic differences of the three species could be explained by convergent adaptation to the aquatic habitat. Despite the expected low haplotype diversity based on the 28S gene, we found a surprisingly high variability in the E. andaluciana (= N. andaluciana) population in Spain. However, its stable predicted secondary structure and its high content of G + C reject the presence of a pseudogene.
Space-Time Clustering with the Space-Time Permutation Model in SaTScan™ Applied to Building Permit Data Following the 2011 Joplin, Missouri Tornado
Authors: Stimers Mitchel , Lenagala Sisira , Haddock Brandon , Paul Bimal Kanti , Mohler Rhett
Published: December 2022

Community recovery from a major natural hazard-related disaster can be a long process, and rebuilding likely does not occur uniformly across space and time. Spatial and temporal clustering may be evident in certain data types that can be used to frame the progress of recovery following a disaster. Publically available building permit data from the city of Joplin, Missouri, were gathered for four permit types, including residential, commercial, roof repair, and demolition. The data were used to (1) compare the observed versus expected frequency (chi-square) of permit issuance before and after the EF5 2011 tornado; (2), determine if significant space-time clusters of permits existed using the SaTScan™ cluster analysis program (version 9.7); and (3) fit any emergent cluster data to the widely-cited Kates 10-year recovery model. All permit types showed significant increases in issuance for at least 5 years following the event, and one (residential) showed significance for nine of the 10 years. The cluster analysis revealed a total of 16 significant clusters across the 2011 damage area. The results of fitting the significant cluster data to the Kates model revealed that those data closely followed the model, with some variation in the residential permit data path.
Global communication of Chinese culture in the digital era: internal motivation and external challenges
Authors: Dai Yuanchu , Cheng Xinyu
Published: December 2022

The development of digital technology encourages culture to spread more inclusively and diversely around the world. On this basis, this article aims to reveal the changing trend and the dynamic mechanism behind Chinese cultural communication by studying the status quo of overseas communication in the media, education, and arts and the influence of Chinese culture in different regions. The research shows that the existence of cultural hegemony and unilateralism in Western countries and the incomplete of China's communication system have restricted the global communication of Chinese culture. Despite this, globalization and multi-polarization provide new external opportunities for Chinese cultural global communication. Also, the development of China's comprehensive strength and technology have laid the material foundation and broadened the channels for cultural communication. In the future, more revolutions in terms of cultural communication concepts, subjects, and matrices should be conducted to help Chinese culture be more widely recognized and accepted worldwide.
On application of perception intelligence in international communication of the film and television industry: a case study on Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon
Authors: Shen Guohua , Wei Lianyu , Xie Mingbo
Published: December 2022

Research on film perception started by David Bordwell pushes the movie audio-visual research into a new empirical research field. “Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon”, as the first Chinese film in history winning the Academy Award for Best Foreign Film, builds a bridge for cultural exchange between eastern and western culture in the movie circle worldwide, and achieves a good cross-cultural communication effect. Relying on the “Perception Intelligence Laboratory” of Liaoning University, this paper adopted empirical verification, questionnaire survey, and in-depth interview to collect, analyze and research audience feedback data, by observing the psychological reaction data of international student volunteers from Liaoning University who participated in watching “Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon”, a movie directed by Ang Lee, hoping to provide a reference for film and television works to tell Chinese stories and spread Chinese voice.
Antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa before and after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in the Dominican Republic
Authors: Mena Lora Alfredo J. , Sorondo Chrystiam , Billini Belkis , Gonzalez Patricia , Bleasdale Susan C.
Published: December 2022

Objective:

To describe antimicrobial resistance before and after the COVID-19 pandemic in the Dominican Republic.

Design:

Retrospective study.

Setting:

The study included 49 outpatient laboratory sites located in 13 cities nationwide.

Participants:

Patients seeking ambulatory microbiology testing for urine and bodily fluids

Methods:

We reviewed antimicrobial susceptibility reports for Escherichia coli isolates from urine and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PSAR) from bodily fluids between January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2021, from deidentified susceptibility data extracted from final culture results.

Results:

In total, 27,718 urine cultures with E. coli and 2,111 bodily fluid cultures with PSAR were included in the analysis. On average, resistance to ceftriaxone was present in 25.19% of E. coli isolated from urine each year. The carbapenem resistance rates were 0.15% for E. coli and 3.08% for PSAR annually. The average rates of E. coli with phenotypic resistance consistent with possible extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) in urine were 25.63% and 24.75%, respectively, before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The carbapenem resistance rates in urine were 0.11% and 0.20%, respectively, a 200% increase. The average rates of PSAR with carbapenem resistance in bodily fluid were 2.33% and 3.84% before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, respectively, a 130% percent increase.

Conclusions:

Resistance to carbapenems in PSAR and E. coli after the COVID-19 pandemic is rising. These resistance patterns suggest that ESBL is common in the Dominican Republic. Carbapenem resistance was uncommon but increased after the COVID-19 pandemic.
Teleology and Basic Actions: A reading of the chapter on Teleology in Hegel's Subjective Logic in the terms of action theory
Authors: Scholz Maximilian
Published: December 2022

In this paper I argue that there is textual evidence that the chapter on Teleology in Hegel's Science of Logic, read under certain premises, also discusses something that in contemporary analytic philosophy is called a ‘basic action’. The three moments of Teleology—(a) ‘The Subjective Purpose’, (b) ‘The Means’ and (c) ‘The Realized Purpose’—can be interpreted as (a) a certain intentional content in the mind of a subject, which can be expressed in the form of an imperative, (b) the immediate taking in possession of the body, which can be described as a basic action, and (c) the description of the relation of the event brought about by the basic action with other events in the world, which can be described in the terms of event-causality. This reading reveals an astonishing parallel to Donald Davidson's distinction between proper basic actions and their different descriptions in the form of events. In this way we can make Hegel's, at first glance, confusing identification of subjective purpose (intention), means (basic action) and realized purpose (event) comprehensible. Through that, the actual aim is to show that what I call basic actions are in fact an example of a more general thought that Hegel calls a teleological relation.
Putting the micro into the macro: a molecularly augmented hydrodynamic model of dynamic wetting applied to flow instabilities during forced dewetting
Authors: Keeler J.S. , Blake T.D. , Lockerby D.A. , Sprittles J.E.
Published: December 2022

We report a molecularly augmented continuum-based computational model of dynamic wetting and apply it to the displacement of an externally driven liquid plug between two partially wetted parallel plates. The results closely follow those obtained in a recent molecular dynamics (MD) study of the same problem (Fernández-Toledano et al., J. Colloid Interface Sci., vol. 587, 2021, pp. 311–323), which we use as a benchmark. We are able to interpret the maximum speed of dewetting

$U^*_{{crit}}$

as a fold bifurcation in the steady phase diagram and show that its dependence on the true contact angle

$\theta _{{cl}}$

is quantitatively similar to that found using MD. A key feature of the model is that the contact angle is dependent on the speed of the contact line, with

$\theta _{{cl}}$

emerging as part of the solution. The model enables us to study the formation of a thin film at dewetting speeds

$U^*>U^*_{{crit}}$

across a range of length scales, including those that are computationally prohibitive to MD simulations. We show that the thickness of the film scales linearly with the channel width and is only weakly dependent on the capillary number. This work provides a link between matched asymptotic techniques (valid for larger geometries) and MD simulations (valid for smaller geometries). In addition, we find that the apparent angle, the experimentally visible contact angle at the fold bifurcation, is not zero. This is in contrast to the prediction of conventional treatments based on the lubrication model of flow near the contact line, but consistent with experiment.
Blocking the Law from Within: Familyism Ideologies as Obstacles to Legal Protections for Women in El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua
Authors: Menjívar Cecilia , Diossa-Jiménez Leydy
Published: December 2022

The scholarship seeking to explain the ineffectiveness of violence against women (VAW) laws has focused on the lack of resources or will to implement these laws. Less attention has been given to how these laws are crafted and positioned in the legal hierarchy, which may undermine them from the start. This article focuses on four cases from Central America, a region where fifty-five laws to protect women from violence were passed between 1960 and 2018, yet VAW continues. It finds that the legal positioning and language of these laws prioritize family unity while undermining women’s rights to protection; thus, these laws fail by design. The article identifies four legal placements that delay (El Salvador), undermine (Honduras), diminish (Nicaragua), or render abstract (Guatemala) the effectiveness of VAW laws in the context of penal and judicial codes. This work has direct policy implications and broader relevance beyond the cases examined here.
DARE to Say No: Police and the Cultural Politics of Prevention in the War on Drugs
Authors: Felker-Kantor Max
Published: December 2022

In the fall of 1983, the Los Angeles Police Department sent police officers into elementary schools to teach the Drug Abuse Resistance Education (DARE) Program. Within a decade DARE had become the nation's preeminent antidrug education program. Yet the DARE program accomplished much more than teaching kids to resist drugs. DARE shifted the responsibility of preventing drug use from social and public-health policy to local, police-led, educative projects that taught personal responsibility, the value of morally strengthened families, and respect for the authority of the police. By stressing the consequences of poor behavior and demanding respect for law and order, DARE attempted to cultivate popular consent for policies that divorced drug use from social and economic conditions. DARE's approach helped justify reductions in social welfare spending and the expansion of policing and incarceration during the 1980s and 1990s.
Introduction to the Special Issue—Life Science in Politics: Methodological Innovations and Political Issues
Authors: Friesen Amanda , Ksiazkiewicz Aleksander , McDermott Rose
Published: December 2022

We introduce the Special Issue on Life Science in Politics: Methodological Innovations and Political Issues. This issue of Politics and the Life Sciences is focused on the use of life science theory and methods to study political phenomena and the exploration of the intersection of science and political attitudes. This issue is the third in a series of special issues funded by the Association for Politics and the Life Sciences that adheres to the Open Science Framework for registered reports. Pre-analysis plans are peer reviewed and given in-principle acceptance before data are collected and/or analyzed, and the articles are published contingent upon the preregistration of the study being followed as proposed. We note various interpretations and challenges associated with studying the science of politics and discuss the contributions.
Racial and ethnic variation in the negativity bias–ideology connection: A registered report
Authors: Gonzalez Frank J. , Jin Rongbo , Wang Ianne
Published: December 2022

This is a registered report for a study of racial and ethnic variation in the relationship between negativity bias and political attitudes. Pioneering work on the psychological and biological roots of political orientation has suggested that political conservatism is driven in large part by enhanced negativity bias. This work has been criticized on several theoretical fronts, and recent replication attempts have failed. To dig deeper into the contours of when (and among whom) negativity bias predicts conservatism, we investigate a surprisingly overlooked factor in existing literature: race and ethnicity. We propose that political issues represent threat or disgust in different ways depending on one’s race and ethnicity. We recruited 174 White, Latinx, and Asian American individuals (in equal numbers) to examine how the relationship between negativity bias and political orientation varies by race/ethnicity across four domains: policing/criminal justice, immigration, economic redistribution, and religious social conservatism.
RADIOCARBON DATING OF URBAN SECONDARY CARBONATE DEPOSITS: SITE EFFECT AND IMPLICATION FOR CHRONOLOGY: CASE STUDY OF PARIS AND VERSAILLES PALACE FOUNTAINS
Authors: Pons-Branchu Edwige , Caffy Ingrid , Delque-Kolic Emmanuelle , Dumoulin Jean-Pascal , Dumont Emmanuel , Madikita Sarah , Bultez Gilles , Malnar Daniella , Monvoisin Gael , Querleux Jules , Fernandez Matthieu , Tisnérat Laborde Nadine , Branchu Philippe
Published: December 2022

In urban environments, diachronic evolution of water quality can be reconstructed using geochemical analysis of urban secondary carbonate deposits (USCDs), from urban underground structures, similar to speleothems from natural caves. The use of the radiocarbon bomb peak to build their precise chronology was recently tested in two Paris-area urban sites (France). In this study, new samples from contrasted environments in the Paris region were sampled in order to test the sites’ effects on the radiocarbon signal recorded: under wood, under a fountain, in underground aqueducts, in the south and north of Paris. We compared the post-bomb atmospheric radiocarbon record with the one measured at the top of USCDs, and estimated the dead carbon proportion (DCP), between 0 and 40%. USCDs fed by water with a rapid transfer through thin soil (Versailles fountain) had the lowest DCP (14C very close to atmospheric one). Highest DCP were found for USCD from deep underground quarry under urban wood, and intermediate ones for USCDs fed by the waters of perched aquifers. These data support the use of radiocarbon as chronometer for USCDs in contrasted urban contexts, and show that it can be used to determine carbon transport and sources, an important parameter for pollution reconstruction.
‘Living memories of the changing same’: Rio's linguistic landscape at the crossroads of time and race
Authors: Borba Rodrigo , Fabrício Branca Falabella , Lima Fátima
Published: December 2022

This article questions the time of white modernity based on historical periodization and sequential progression, arguing for a more multifaceted approach to time and space in linguistic landscapes (LL). It rethinks the concept of chronotope by examining effects of the African diaspora in Brazil. The experience of radical uprooting it promoted fuses spatiotemporal dimensions that operate in complementary directions. On the one hand, a necrotope sets forth submission and destruction. On the other, visceral resistance to obliteration emerges when the timespace of encruzilhadas ‘crossroads’ is produced in the cracks of colonial power. The LL at Pedra do Sal in Rio de Janeiro suggests that approaching timespace from this perspective captures the juxtaposition of stasis and mobility, oppression and resistance, loss and life, past and present. We argue that thinking of time outside and against the Euro-chronometer requires decolonial epistemologies that have the potential to disrupt racist chronologies. (Chronotope, linguistic landscapes, African diaspora, temporality, race, Rio de Janeiro)*
Finite quasisimple groups acting on rationally connected threefolds
Authors: BLANC JÉRÉMY , CHELTSOV IVAN , DUNCAN ALEXANDER , PROKHOROV YURI
Published: December 2022

We show that the only finite quasi-simple non-abelian groups that can faithfully act on rationally connected threefolds are the following groups:
${\mathfrak{A}}_5$
,
${\text{PSL}}_2(\textbf{F}_7)$
,
${\mathfrak{A}}_6$
,
${\text{SL}}_2(\textbf{F}_8)$
,
${\mathfrak{A}}_7$
,
${\text{PSp}}_4(\textbf{F}_3)$
,
${\text{SL}}_2(\textbf{F}_{7})$
,
$2.{\mathfrak{A}}_5$
,
$2.{\mathfrak{A}}_6$
,
$3.{\mathfrak{A}}_6$
or
$6.{\mathfrak{A}}_6$
. All of these groups with a possible exception of
$2.{\mathfrak{A}}_6$
and
$6.{\mathfrak{A}}_6$
indeed act on some rationally connected threefolds.
Exploring a Warm Water Inflow Below an Antarctic Ice Shelf
Authors: Derouin Sarah
Published: December 2022

Researchers guided an autonomous underwater submarine to capture the first direct observations of a warm water current flowing in below the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf in Antarctica.
Observed and CMIP6 Modeled Internal Variability Feedbacks and Their Relation to Forced Climate Feedbacks
Authors: Uribe Alejandro , Bender Frida A.‐M. , Mauritsen Thorsten
Published: December 2022

Inter model variations in global temperature response to increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide stem mostly from uncertainties in modeled climate feedbacks. To study potential reductions in model feedback uncertainties, we estimate observed feedbacks in response to internal variability using changes in Top Of the Atmosphere energy balance with temperature. We compare those observations with internal variability feedbacks from historical simulations of coupled and atmosphere‐only experiments from the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) to identify that simulated feedbacks exhibit biases in the tropics, subtropics, and the Southern Ocean. Furthermore, we find a relation between simulated longwave and shortwave internal variability feedbacks and those where atmospheric carbon dioxide is abruptly quadrupled. In the model range of internal variability feedbacks, the observations are more consistent with moderately negative longwave feedback, and weak shortwave feedback, but the observations can't be used to rule out any models or their long‐term feedback.
ENSO–IOD Inter‐Basin Connection Is Controlled by the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation
Authors: Xue Jiaqing , Luo Jing‐Jia , Zhang Wenjun , Yamagata Toshio
Published: December 2022

The interactions between El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) are known to have great implications for global climate variability and seasonal climate predictions. Observational analysis suggests that the ENSO–IOD inter‐basin connection is time‐varying and related to the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) with weakened ENSO–IOD relationship corresponding to AMO warm phases. A suite of Atlantic pacemaker simulations successfully reproduces the decadal fluctuations in ENSO–IOD relationship and its link to the AMO. The warm sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies associated with the AMO drive a series of Indo‐Pacific mean climate changes through tropical‐wide teleconnections, including the La Niña‐like mean SST cooling over the central Pacific and the deepening of mean thermocline depth in the eastern Indian Ocean. By modulating ocean–atmosphere feedback strength, those mean state changes decrease both ENSO amplitude and the Indian Ocean sensitivity to ENSO forcing, therefore decoupling the IOD from ENSO.
Significant Increase in Sea Surface Temperature at the Genesis of Tropical Mesoscale Convective Systems
Authors: Dong Wenhao , Zhao Ming , Ming Yi , Ramaswamy V.
Published: December 2022

An event‐based assessment of the sea surface temperature (SST) threshold at the genesis of tropical mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) is performed in this study. We show that this threshold (SSTG) has undergone a significant warming trend at a rate of ∼0.2°C per decade. The SSTG shows a remarkable correspondence with the tropical mean SST and upper‐tropospheric temperature on interannual and longer timescales. Using a high‐resolution global climate model that permits realistic simulations of tropical MCSs, we find that the observed features of SSTG are well simulated. Both observation and model simulations demonstrate that the upward tendency in SSTG primarily results from the environmental SST warming over MCS genesis regions rather than the changes in MCS genesis location. A continuous increase in SSTG is projected in a warming simulation, but the relationship between SSTG and upper‐tropospheric temperature remains unchanged, suggesting that the tropical tropospheric temperature generally follows a moist‐adiabatic adjustment.
Geophysical‐Petrological Model for Bidirectional Mantle Delamination of the Adria Microplate Beneath the Northern Apennines and Dinarides Orogenic Systems
Authors: Zhang Wentao , Jiménez‐Munt Ivone , Torne Montserrat , Vergés Jaume , Bravo‐Gutiérrez Estefanía , Negredo Ana M. , Carminati Eugenio , García‐Castellanos Daniel , Fernàndez Manel
Published: December 2022

This study presents a geophysical‐geochemical integrated model of the thermochemical structure of the lithosphere and uppermost mantle along a transect from the Northern Tyrrhenian Sea to the Pannonian Basin, crossing the northern Apennines, the Adriatic Sea, and the Dinarides fold‐thrust belt. The objectives are to image crustal thickness variations and characterize the different mantle domains. In addition, we evaluate the topographic response of opposed subductions along this transect and discuss their implications in the evolution of the region. Results show a more complex structure and slightly higher average crustal density of Adria compared to Tisza microplate. Below the Tyrrhenian Sea and Western Apennines, Moho lays at <25 km depth while along the Eastern Apennines it is as deep as 55 km. The modeled lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary (LAB) below the Tyrrhenian Sea and Pannonian Basin is flat lying at ∼75 and 90 km, respectively. Below the External Apennines and Dinarides the LAB deepens to 150 km, slightly shallowing toward the Adriatic foreland basin at 125 km depth. Our results are consistent with the presence of two mantle wedges, resulting from the rollback of the Ligurian‐Tethys and Vardar‐NeoTethys oceanic slabs followed by continental mantle delamination of the eastern and western distal margins of Adria. These two opposed slabs beneath the Apennines and Dinarides are modeled as two thermal sublithospheric anomalies of −200°C. Most of the elevation along the profile is under thermal isostasy and departures can be explained by regional isostasy with an elastic thickness between 10 and 20 km.
Reflectance of Jezero Crater Floor: 2. Mineralogical Interpretation
Authors: Mandon L. , Quantin‐Nataf C. , Royer C. , Beck P. , Fouchet T. , Johnson J. R. , Dehouck E. , Le Mouélic S. , Poulet F. , Montmessin F. , Pilorget C. , Gasnault O. , Forni O. , Mayhew L. E. , Beyssac O. , Bertrand T. , Clavé E. , Pinet P. , Brown A. J. , Legett C. , Tarnas J. , Cloutis E. A. , Poggiali G. , Fornaro T. , Maurice S. , Wiens R. C. ,   The SuperCam Team
Published: December 2022

The Perseverance rover landed in the ancient lakebed of Jezero crater, Mars on February 2021. Here, we assess the mineralogy of the rocks, regolith, and dust measured during the first year of the mission on the crater floor, using the visible and near‐infrared spectrometer of SuperCam onboard the Perseverance rover. Most of the minerals detected from orbit are present in the bedrock, with olivine‐bearing rocks at the bottom of the stratigraphy and high‐Ca pyroxene‐bearing rocks at the top. This is distinct from the overall low‐Ca pyroxene‐bearing composition of the watershed of Jezero and points toward an igneous origin. Alteration mineral phases were detected in most of the rocks analyzed in low proportions, suggesting that aqueous alteration of the crater floor has been spatially widespread, but limited in intensity and/or time. The diverse aqueous mineralogy suggests that the aqueous alteration history of the crater floor consists of at least two stages, to form phyllosilicates and oxyhydroxides, and later sulfates. We interpret their formation in a lake or under deeper serpentinization conditions and in an evaporative environment, respectively. Spectral similarities of dust with some rock coatings suggest widespread past processes of dust induration under liquid water activity late in the history of Jezero. Analysis of the regolith revealed some local inputs from the surrounding rocks. Relevant to the Mars Sample Return mission, the spectral features exhibited by the rocks sampled on the crater floor are representative of the diversity of spectra measured on the geological units investigated by the rover.
Estimating the prevalence of social and emotional loneliness across the adult lifespan
Authors: Manoli Aikaterini , McCarthy Johanna , Ramsey Richard
Published: December 2022

Loneliness is associated with detrimental consequences for mental and physical health. Even though loneliness affects people of all ages, very few studies have examined its prevalence across the adult lifespan. Additionally, no study has examined the distinction between social and emotional loneliness across the lifespan, even though it has long been considered functionally important. To address these issues, the present study examined the prevalence of social and emotional loneliness across the adult lifespan based on two cohorts (2016/17 and 2017/18) of a nationally representative survey (N ~ 8000 per cohort, age range: 16 to ~ 90). We estimated how similar or distinct patterns of social and emotional loneliness were across the adult lifespan and their consistency across cohorts. The results consistently showed that social and emotional loneliness levels differ as a function of age. Emotional loneliness peaked in younger and older adulthood, whereas social loneliness was stable in early and middle adulthood, before dropping steeply in later stages of life. These findings update basic understanding of loneliness by demonstrating how the experience of different loneliness types may vary across the adult lifespan. In the longer term, the findings have potential societal and clinical importance by informing interventions that target specific loneliness subtypes and age groups.
A v-transformed copula-based simulation model for lithological classification in an Indian copper deposit
Authors: Dinda K. , Samanta B. , Chakravarty D.
Published: December 2022

Copula functions are widely used for modeling multivariate dependence. Since the multivariate data may not necessarily be linear and Gaussian, the copula model is very often brought into the picture for modeling such multivariate phenomena. The lithological classification in spatial domain is a class of problems dealing with categorical variables. A generalized class of copula model is effective for such classification tasks. In this paper, a non-Gaussian copula (v-transformed copula) model has been used for lithotype classification of an Indian copper deposit. Coupling of Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation and copula discriminant function is performed for this purpose. Specifically, four lithotypes, e.g., granite, quartz, basic, and aplite are simulated in the case study deposit. The efficacy of v-transformed copula discriminant function-based simulation is compared with those of Gaussian copula, t copula, and sequential indicator simulations. Finally, the classification accuracy of all the approaches is examined with ground-truth lithological classes obtained from blast hole information. The results show that the v-transformed copula simulation has a relatively higher classification accuracy (76%) than those of Gaussian copula (70%), t copula (69%), and sequential indicator (70%) simulations.
Increasing freshwater supply to sustainably address global water security at scale
Authors: Rahman Afeefa , Kumar Praveen , Dominguez Francina
Published: December 2022

While significant parts of the globe are already facing significant freshwater scarcity, the need for more freshwater is projected to increase in order to sustain the increasing global population and economic growth, and adapt to climate change. Current approaches for addressing this challenge, which has the potential to result in catastrophic outcomes for consumptive needs and economic growth, rely on increasing the efficient use of existing resources. However, the availability of freshwater resources is rapidly declining due to over-exploitation and climate change and, therefore, is unlikely to sustainably address future needs, which requires a rethink of our solutions and associated investments. Here we present a bold departure from existing approaches by establishing the viability of significantly increasing freshwater through the capture of humid air over oceans. We show that the atmosphere above the oceans proximal to the land can yield substantial freshwater, sufficient to support large population centers across the globe, using appropriately engineered structures. Due to the practically limitless supply of water vapor from the oceans, this approach is sustainable under climate change and can transform our ability to address present and future water security concerns. This approach is envisioned to be transformative in establishing a mechanism for sustainably providing freshwater security to the present and future generations that is economically viable.
Optical and electrochemical properties of spirobifluorene iridanaphthalene complexes
Authors: Talavera Maria , Pereira-Cameselle Raquel , Peña-Gallego Ángeles , Vázquez-Carballo Irene , Prieto Inmaculada , Alonso-Gómez J. Lorenzo , Bolaño Sandra
Published: December 2022

Synthesis, characterization and study of properties such as CV, aromaticity, UV-Vis, band gaps, intramolecular charge transfer and theoretical first hyperpolarizability of new spirobifluorene iridanaphthalene complexes has been performed.
3D nanocrystalline metal–organic framework materials for the improved output performance of triboelectric nanogenerators
Authors: Gao Kexin , Chen Junshuai , Zhao Mengting , Hu Rentang , Chen Shiheng , Xue Xiaojing , Shao Zhichao , Hou Hongwei
Published: December 2022

A 3D nanocrystalline metal–organic framework material is prepared, which shows greatly improved output performance when used in a triboelectric nanogenerator. The charge density and electric power density reach 102.39 μC m−2and 2451.04 mW m−2, respectively.
Visible-light-initiated external photocatalyst-free synthesis of α,α-difluoro-β-ketoamides from 4-aminocoumarins
Authors: Li Ningbo , Wang Yuxin , Gu Shuo , Hu Chuqian , Yang Qian , Jin Zhaohui , Ouyang Wen-Tao , Qiao Jie , He Wei-Min
Published: December 2022

A ring-opening difluorination strategy was developed for the synthesis of hydroxy-containing α,α-difluoro-β-ketoamides from 4-aminocoumarins, NFSI, and water.
Quantification of the hydride donor abilities of NADH, NADPH, and BH3CN−in water
Authors: Mayer Robert J. , Moran Joseph
Published: December 2022

Despite their structural differences, the hydride donors BH3CN−, NADH, and NADPH were found to feature very similar kinetic hydride donor abilities in aqueous solution.
Change in students’ explanation of the shape of snowflakes after collaborative immersive virtual reality
Authors: Matovu Henry , Won Mihye , Treagust David Franklin , Ungu Dewi Ayu Kencana , Mocerino Mauro , Tsai Chin-Chung , Tasker Roy
Published: December 2022

In recent years, chemistry educators are increasingly adopting immersive virtual reality (IVR) technology to help learners visualise molecular interactions. However, educational studies on IVR mostly investigated its usability and user perceptions leaving out its impact on improving conceptual understanding. If they evaluated students’ knowledge gains, they tended to use information recall tests to assess knowledge gains. Employing interviews and diagram-drawing tasks, this study explored how students’ conceptual understanding of the nature of hydrogen bonds and the shape of snowflakes changed through a collaborative IVR experience on snowflakes. Participants were 68 undergraduate chemistry students. Videos of pre-/post-interviews and student-generated diagrams were analysed. The results indicated a marked improvement in students’ conceptual understanding of the nature of hydrogen bonds among water molecules in snowflakes. After IVR, 57 students provided scientifically acceptable explanations of the nature of hydrogen bonds. Improvements in students’ understanding were related to the intermolecular nature of hydrogen bonds, the role of lone pairs of electrons in forming hydrogen bonds, and molecular interactions in 3D space. This study suggests that collaborative IVR could be a powerful way for students to visualise molecular interactions, examine their alternative conceptions, and build more coherent understanding. Implications for the design and implementation of IVR activities for science learning are discussed.
Intraoperative Sonografie zur Entfernung von nicht-palpablen und palpablen Mammakarzinomen: systematisches Review und Meta-Analyse
Authors: Banys-Paluchowski Maggie , Rubio Isabel T. , Karadeniz Cakmak Güldeniz , Esgueva Antonio , Krawczyk Natalia , Paluchowski Peter , Gruber Ines , Marx Mario , Brucker Sara Y , Bündgen Nana , Kühn Thorsten , Rody Achim , Hanker Lars , Hahn Markus
Published: December 2022

Drahtlokalisation stellt die am häufigsten verwendete Lokalisationsmethode bei nicht palpablen Mammakarzinomen dar. Zu potenziellen Nachteilen der Technik gehören eine niedrige Rate an R0-Resektionen, die Invasivität und das Risiko der Drahtdislokation. Des Weiteren ist die Notwendigkeit einer Re-Operation mit einem erhöhten Rezidivrisiko assoziiert. Intraoperative Sonografie (IOUS) erlaubt eine direkte Visualisierung der Läsion und des Resektionsvolumens und reduziert die Rate an positiven Rändern bei palpablen und nicht palpablen Tumoren. Wir führten ein systematisches Review der Studien zur IOUS durch. Die randomisierten Studien wurden in 2 Metaanalysen ausgewertet. In nicht palpablen Mammakarzinomen zeigten 3 randomisierte Studien höhere R0- Resektionsraten im IOUS-Arm, verglichen mit Drahtlokalisation. Der signifikante Unterschied konnte in der Metaanalyse bestätigt werden (Risk Ratio 4,34, p < 0,0001, I2 = 0 %). Die meisten der 41 Kohortenstudien mit 3291 Patientinnen zeigten höhere R0-Resektionsraten und niedrigere Nachresektionsraten bei Verwendung von IOUS. Eine Metaanalyse von 3 randomisierten Studien bei palpablem Mammakarzinom zeigte signifikant höhere Raten an positiven Rändern im Palpations-Arm (Risk Ratio 2,84, p=0,0047, I2=0%). In 13 Kohortenstudien mit 942 Patientinnen mit palpablem Mammakarzinom, waren die R0-Resektionsraten meist höher und die Gewebsvolumina niedriger bei Verwendung von IOUS. IOUS ist eine sichere nicht invasive Technik zur Lokalisation von sonografisch sichtbaren Tumoren und verbessert R0-Resektionsraten bei palpablem und nicht palpablem Mammakarzinom. Sonografische Weiterbildung für Brustoperateure erscheint empfehlenswert.
The Analgesic Efficacy of Intraperitoneal Ropivacaine Versus Bupivacaine for Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: a Meta-Analysis
Authors: Xu Tao , Dong Buhuai , Wu Xucai , Shi Chuan , Huang Liangku , Zhou Li
Published: December 2022

Introduction This meta-analysis aimed to compare the analgesic efficacy of intraperitoneal ropivacaine versus bupivacaine for laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Methods We searched PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, EBSCO, and Cochrane Library databases from inception through January 2020 and included randomized controlled trials (RCTs)
evaluating the analgesic efficacy of ropivacaine versus bupivacaine for laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Results Five RCTs are included in the meta-analysis. In patients with laparoscopic cholecystectomy, ropivacaine and bupivacaine demonstrated comparable pain scores at 2 h
(SMD = –0.22; 95% CI = –0.54 to 0.10; p = 0.18), 4 h (SMD = –0.16; 95% CI = –0.42 to 0.10; p = 0.22), 8 h (SMD = –0.60; 95% CI = –1.19 to –0.01; p = 0.05), and 24 h (SMD = 0.33; 95%
CI = –1.19 to 1.84; p = 0.67), as well as time to first analgesic requirement (SMD = 0.10; 95% CI = –0.23 to 0.42; p = 0.56).

Conclusions Intraperitoneal ropivacaine and bupivacaine have a similar analgesic efficacy for laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
„Trans* ist plural“: Behandlungsverläufe bei Geschlechtsdysphorie in einer deutschen kinder- und jugendpsychiatrischen Spezialambulanz
Authors: Herrmann Lena , Fahrenkrug Saskia , Bindt Carola , Breu Franziska , Grebe Jörn , Reichardt Christoph , Lammers Clara S. , Becker-Hebly Inga
Published: December 2022

Einleitung Für die kontrovers diskutierte Diagnose Geschlechtsinkongruenz (GI) / Geschlechtsdysphorie (GD) im Kindes- und Jugendalter werden international steigende Zahlen in der Inanspruchnahme sowie zunehmend heterogene Verläufe für trans* Entwicklungen berichtet. Bisher existieren nur wenige Studien, welche die Zuweisungszahlen und Behandlungsverläufe in auf trans* Kinder und Jugendliche spezialisierten Sprechstunden in Deutschland beschreiben.

Forschungsziele In der vorliegenden Studie werden deshalb die demografischen und klinischen Merkmale der vorstelligen trans* Kinder und Jugendlichen sowie die in der Hamburger Spezialsprechstunde für Geschlechtsidentität bzw. GI/GD (Hamburger GIS) erfolgte Diagnostik und Behandlung untersucht.

Methoden Deskriptive Angaben zum Zuweisungsgeschlecht und Alter, zur sozialen Vornamensänderung, zum Behandlungsverlauf (Verlauf zwischen Zeitpunkt der Erstvorstellung und der Auswertung), zur Diagnose im Bereich einer GI/GD (gemäß ICD-10) und zum Behandlungsstatus von N = 680 Kindern und Jugendlichen (Zeitraum: 2013–2018) wurden retrospektiv erfasst.

Ergebnisse Die Mehrheit der insgesamt 680 vorstelligen Kinder und Jugendlichen hatte ein weibliches Zuweisungsgeschlecht (74 %; 1:3, M:F) und war bereits im Jugendalter (≥ 12 Jahre; 87 %). Eine soziale Vornamensänderung war zum Zeitpunkt der Erstvorstellung häufig bereits erfolgt (66 %). Eine Diagnose im Bereich einer GI/GD erhielten 85 % der Fälle. Bei 75 % der Kinder und Jugendlichen war der Behandlungsverlauf bekannt, während der Behandlungsverlauf in 25 % der Fälle nicht nachvollzogen werden konnte. Es zeigten sich deskriptive Unterschiede zwischen den beiden Gruppen (bekannter vs. unbekannter Behandlungsverlauf) in Bezug auf alle untersuchten Variablen. 66 % der Jugendlichen, bei denen Angaben zum Behandlungsverlauf vorlagen, hatten eine geschlechtsangleichende körpermedizinische Behandlung erhalten.

Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse der Auswertung verdeutlichen, dass trans* Kinder und Jugendliche, die sich in spezialisierten Sprechstunden für GI/GD vorstellen, eine heterogene Gruppe mit unterschiedlichen Merkmalen und Behandlungsverläufen darstellen. Geschlechtsangleichende körpermedizinische Behandlungen waren in vielen, aber nicht in allen Fällen indiziert. Aus der Heterogenität der Entwicklungs- und Behandlungsverläufe resultiert die zunehmende Bedeutung individualisierter, einzelfallbasierter Entscheidungen in einem interdisziplinären Behandlungssetting.