bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sir William Bruce: Classicism and the Castle
Authors: Lowrey John
Published: May 2022

The castle continued to feature as a source of inspiration for Scottish architects throughout our period. It was used in a number of different ways, sometimes combined with new, classical buildings but also on its own as new-build, restoration or even completion of an existing castle. This chapter looks at an important formative period, from the Restoration to the Act of Union, when Glamis Castle and the Palace of Holyroodhouse were remodelled and entirely new castles, like Methven, were built.
Scottish Ironwork, 1670–1730
Authors: Davey Ali , MacKechnie Aonghus
Published: May 2022

Decorative architectural ironwork featured amongst the new fashions adopted within Restoration-age Scotland. Iron was versatile, robust and durable, but could also be made extremely elegant as this chapter shows. For upwards of two generations decorative wrought iron was applied prominently both inside and outside buildings.Uses included small-scale features such as window shutter ornament, but it was more notably employed for stair balustrades and for gates and railings which might, as at Traquair, enclose a cour d’honneur. The new fashion was forefronted from the 1670s by Sir William Bruce, and soon afterwards by his successor as royal architect, Master James Smith; and a group of talented blacksmiths exploited the new opportunities, with virtuoso displays at Panmure, Caroline Park, Craigiehall and elsewhere. As King’s blacksmith, John Callander worked at Holyrood, and other craftsmen included William Aitken, Alexander Gairdner and James Horn. Sometimes similar motifs were used in different locations leaving open the question of how far the designs were those of architects or of the executant craftsmen.
Colen Campbell, James Gibbs and Sir John Vanbrugh: Rethinking the Origins of the British Architectural Plate Book
Authors: Legard James
Published: May 2022

Early eighteenth-century British architecture has generally been portrayed as a battle between the Baroque and Palladian styles. In this view, Colen Campbell’s Vitruvius Britannicus (1715-1725) was the great manifesto of Palladianism against the ‘official’ court Baroque of Wren, Hawksmoor and Vanbrugh, while James Gibbs’ Book of Architecture (1728) represents a subsequent rearguard action on behalf of the Baroque aesthetic. This chapter shows that the two publications were indeed profoundly shaped by their émigré Scots’ authors’ encounters with Vanbrugh—and notably by his own important, though nearly forgotten, attempts at architectural publishing—but in ways that directly contradict received views of their purposes. United by their Whig political sympathies, Vanbrugh and Campbell worked together to promote their architectural careers, regardless of their apparent stylistic opposition, while their common enmity towards Gibbs, a Tory and closet Catholic, reinforced his preference for an independent path. The resulting picture of the origins of the earliest British architectural plate books reinforces recent calls to fundamentally rethink the relationship between political identity and stylistic choice in early eighteenth-century Britain.
From England to Scotland in 1701: the Duchess of Buccleuch Returns to Dalkeith Palace
Authors: Jeffery Sally
Published: May 2022

This chapter reveals new detail about the Duchess of Buccleuch’s return to Scotland after her long residence in England, including the preparations for her journey, her progress from London to Dalkeith in 1701, and the fitting out of Dalkeith Palace, which had been designed by the architect James Smith. Rich furnishings from her homes in London and Moor Park (Hertfordshire), were packed up and moved; new items in the latest fashion were made in England and transported to Dalkeith; and goods were commissioned in Scotland and elsewhere.
Women Patrons and Designers in Early Eighteenth-century Scotland: Lady Panmure and Lady Nairne
Authors: Desmarest Clarisse Godard
Published: May 2022

Lady Margaret Hamilton,4thCountess of Panmure (1668-1731),the youngest daughter of the redoubtable Anne, 3rd Duchess of Hamilton,is a distinguished example of a woman involved in politics and architecture around the time of the Union of Parliaments. Analysis of family correspondence in the Maule Family Papers shows that she took part in the management of her husband’s estates and was devoted to the building projects of Panmure House and Brechin Castle in the 1690s-1700s. Her correspondence with the Jacobite Lady Nairne (1669-1747 provides an insight into the architectural interests of these two talented women. After the House of Nairnewas severely damaged by fire in 1704, a new house was built, and evidence remains of Lady Nairne’s talent for draughtsmanship and remarkable understanding of building works. Therefore, by focusing on the Panmure estates and the House of Nairne this chapter analyses the unique contribution of women both through architectural patronage and also to building design, as amateur architects.
Mannerism in the Work of John Douglas in Eighteenth-century Scotland
Authors: Theodossopoulos Dimitris
Published: May 2022

The early eighteenth century in Scotland is characterised by the professional establishment of architectural practice and a more self-conscious exploration of personal styles and external influences, especially treatises. Mannerist narratives are identified in this framework at the major buildings attributed to the architect John Douglas (c. 1709-1778), country seats like Archerfield, Finlaystone House, Wardhouse; St. Salvator’s Student Halls; the disastrous intervention in Holyrood Abbey church; and the town halls for Lochmaben and Campbeltown. A characteristic treatment of the materiality of elevations emerges, progressing from aesthetic skins to comprehensive building tectonics, and a restrained mannerism influenced more by Inigo Jones than James Gibbs. The exploration of his professional practice and the organisation of his sites as informed from the study of building contracts and the litigation with his journeyman George Paterson further confirms his authorship of these projects.
Alexander Edward’s European Tour, 1701–2
Authors: Lowrey John
Published: May 2022

This chapter reconsiders his trip to England, France and the Low Countries in 1701-02, and re-evaluates the archival evidence in both Scotland and France.Through this, we gain a new understanding of the relationship between his personal networks and the material networks that are a key part of Edward’s activities, with huge quantities of materials, especially architectural and landscape engravings, finding their way back to Scotland. Via the exiled Jacobite court, Edward was also given access to the Royal Works of Louis XIV and this chaptershows conclusively that Edward's importance to the development of the formal garden in Scotland did not come only from a generic knowledge of French formal gardens, nor even from the great number of engravings he brought back, but also because he was given access to the working design drawings by Le Nôtre's royal gardens department at Versailles.
Living Horizontally: the Origin of the Tenement in Paris and Edinburgh
Authors: Desmarest Clarisse Godard
Published: May 2022

As a new style of living in the horizontal emerged in the early modern period, this chapter considers the origin of the purpose-built flat in Scotland, as opposed to structures that had been subdivided, and draws comparison with Paris where a similar mode of living was being established. It considers the early development of such dwellings in the seventeenth century and argues that such a type of accommodation was well-established in Paris by the second half of the eighteenth century, precisely when the formula was repeated in the New Town in Edinburgh. Using a wide variety of sources, this chapter examines when and why the purpose-built flats, first appeared in Paris and in Scottish burghs.
Performance and Print in Editions of Robert Burns in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries 1
Authors: Burnett John , Carruthers Gerard
Published: May 2022

Both Burns and his many nineteenth-century editors can be seen as performers who had a wide range of goals and a wide range of methods for pursuing them. From the Kilmarnock edition (1786) on, many forms of peritext, including prefaces, footnotes, and glossaries complemented the text of the poems. James Currie’s edition (1800) added more notes, a full-length biography, essays commenting on Burns’s works, and some letters, and this became the style for most of the major editions of the poet for a century. Illustrations were added, culminating in The Land of Burns (1840) with more than eighty engravings after David Octavius Hill. For Burns himself, this was a matter of his being positioned first as a regional and then as a national figure. His editors developed the image of Burns as a friend, a master psychologist, and a political figurehead.
‘But to our tale’: ‘Tam o’ Shanter’ on Stage
Authors: Maloney Paul , Scullion Adrienne
Published: May 2022

This performance history of Robert Burns’s ‘Tam o’ Shanter’ on stage analyses theatre productions of the poem (its story and characters) in Scotland in the second half of the nineteenth century. From the mid-nineteenth century, Scottish theatres began producing their own pantomime stories often drawing on characters and episodes from Scottish history and literature. Using primary and archive sources, the chapter’s focus is pantomime versions of ‘Tam o’ Shanter’ written by dramatist and actor William Lowe (fl. 1862-1916). ‘Tam o’ Shanter’ proved an ideal, archetypal subject for a burlesque national pantomime: the onstage spectacle of the supernatural effects, the vernacular and domestic humour and conviviality of the alehouse scenes, the cross-dressing of Kate, the Landlady and even Cutty Sark, which leant themselves to the inclusion of local references and topical jokes, as well as the breathless culminating chase, all met the demands of the contemporary popular stage and its emerging favourite, the pantomime.
‘O what a glorious sight’: Performing Identity and the Burns Supper
Authors: Young Ronnie
Published: May 2022

This chapter examines Burns Suppers in the context of recent ideas about performance within memory studies and in relation to public commemoration rituals based around food consumption. Focussing on the period from late-nineteenth to late-twentieth centuries, it considers key Burns Supper performances, from recital of Burns’s ‘To a Haggis’ as ready-made performance script to various musical performances traditionally included. Dramatising food consumption among an imagined community of hardy labouring Scots, ‘To a Haggis’ raises wider identity issues. The chapter also considers performance more broadly in the context of the public performance of ‘identity’, exploring how gender, class, and nationality issues are foregrounded in Burns Suppers’ twentieth-century evolution and spread. New World and New Zealand examples show national identity’s complex construction: how against the backdrop of diaspora and Empire, they evoke a ‘Scottishness’ criss-crossed with other forms of patriotic and civic identification. Considering public feasts’ role in ritualistically reproducing existing social distinctions, it considers how, paradoxically, the Burns Supper presents an egalitarian re-imagining of nationhood often working to entrench gender divisions or maintain existing class distinctions by enacting progressive values within a socially conservative frame.
Absent Stories in the Urban Novel
Authors: Olszok Charis
Published: May 2022

In Chapter Four, I move to novels of the city, depicting the heart of Libya’s social and political transformations, while, like the novel of the wilderness, marked by hunger and homelessness, in emotional rather than literal terms. I focus on novels from the 2000s, conveying experiences of imprisonment, marginality and oppression within an exploration of the fragility of narrative, both literal and figurative, by authors who remained within Libya throughout Gaddafi’s regime. Manṣūr Būshnāf’s al-‘Ilka (2008; Chewing Gum, 2014) is a standout achievement of Libyan fiction in the 2000s, centred on the twin symbols of a statue and of chewing gum. Through an explicitly postmodern aesthetics, Būshnāf labels his generation of authors the ‘generations of chewing’ (ajyāl al-lawk), and, I argue, this aptly conveys the creaturely poetics that I identify in wider Libyan fiction, characterised by unstable and elusive narrative, and a perception of fundamental lack, stasis and vulnerability. These aesthetics are explored in both of the two following novels: Muḥammad al-Aṣfar’s Sharmūla (2006), which depicts everyday life in Benghazi; and Razān Na‘īm al-Maghrabī’s Nisā’ al-rīḥ (2010; Women of the Wind), which depicts the closeted lives of Tripoli women, intertwined with the experience of an illegal migrant, embarking on a Mediterranean crossing.
Too-Long-a-Tale
Authors: Olszok Charis
Published: May 2022

In Chapter Five, I identify the significance of the child’s perspective, and the form of the Bildungsroman. In the first of two chapters addressing this theme, I examine novels written in Arabic, with my main analyses focussing on Aḥmad Yūsuf ‘Aqīla’s al-Jirāb: Ḥikāyat al-najʿ (2003; A Bag of Village Stories), Aḥmad al-Faytūrī’s Sarīb (2000; A Long Story) and Najwā Bin Shatwān’s Wabr al-aḥṣina (2006; The Horse’s Hair). In each, I examine how they reclaim oral forms of story-telling, and, in so doing, expose lost and marginalised histories of Italian concentration camps, as well as World War Two and its aftermath. Focussing on the concept of sarīb (a long, rambling tale) and kharārīf (fairy tales), as Libyan dialect terms for forms of oral narrative, I explore how Bildungsroman is shaped not by a sense of formation and forward movement, but an entanglement in past ways of knowing and telling, as well as past experiences of trauma, which cannot be surpassed, and which are deeply entangled in the Libyan novel’s creaturely poetics.
Introduction
Authors: Gitler Inbal Ben-Asher
Published: May 2022

The introduction provides the book’s theoretical and methodological premises, as well as historical background. It gives information dealing with terminology, Jerusalem’s communities, and architecture as a cross-cultural project
A Holy City for the Twentieth Century: Urban Planning during the British Mandate
Authors: Gitler Inbal Ben-Asher
Published: May 2022

Chapter one discusses the urban plans and transformations enacted by the British, and foregrounds the chapters dedicated to each of the buildings. British urban schemes devised by William Hannah Mclean (1877–1967), Sir Patrick Geddes (1854-1932), Charles Robert Ashbee (1863-1942), Albert Clifford Holliday (1897-1960) and Henry Kendall (1903-?), are analysed in light of the Mandate system and its interpretations. I argue that Jerusalem’s multicultural contested space unsettles accepted premises that regard Palestine as a belated “British Colony.” The chapter demonstrates this by investigating plans and development of the city, and by discussing British intentions, interventions and the mandatory discourses that supported these.
Introduction
Authors: Grice Annalise
Published: May 2022

The Introduction sets out the context for writing the book and outlines the original contribution it makes to scholarship in the field of D. H. Lawrence studies and to the history of the Edwardian literary scene and early modernist publishing culture more generally. It considers Lawrence’s shifting position in literary-critical discourse, the intersections between editorial theory and the ‘materialist turn’ in modernist studies, and the influence of the Cambridge Edition of the Letters and Works of D. H. Lawrence.
The Fear of the Rabble
Authors: Heshmat Dina
Published: May 2022

This chapter examines an effendi representation of the 1919 revolution in Asyut, namely Fikri Abaza’s (1896-1979) al-Dahik al-Baki (The Weeping Laugher, 1933), the only novel by an otherwise prolific journalist and well-known liberal intellectual. A narrative of disunity and chaos, al-Dahik al-Baki does not fit into dominant tropes of nationalist unity; rather, it offers a class-biased narrative about the revolution, written by an effendi and addressing an effendi readership. The autobiographical mode is key in conveying a representation of self that is cemented by a sense of collective belonging to the middle class and a need for differentiation from the so-called ‘rabble’. Analysing the feelings of fear and compassion displayed by al-Dahik al-Baki’s narrator further helps understanding the dynamics of inclusion and exclusion at stake in this particular narrative, and, more broadly, in the nationalist discourse coined by the effendiyya. The chapter contains as well a brief examination of a short story about the revolution in Asyut by Mahmud al-Badawi (1908-86), a writer best known for his contribution to the genre of the short story.
The Revolution on the Screen
Authors: Heshmat Dina
Published: May 2022

This chapter analyses Hasan al-Imam’s famous film adaptation of Naguib Mahfouz’s novel Bayn al-Qasrayn (Palace Walk,1964). Here I read cinema as a genre that further ‘defigurated’ the 1919 events by fitting it into the Free Officers’ ideological reframing of the nationalist movement. The trope of unity, central to the novel, is taken to another level, both in terms of form and content, through a number of compelling additions to the original plot presented in a melodramatic fashion. The chapter shows that al-Imam transformed Mahfouz’s liberal representation of the revolution into a Nasserist rhetoric. Fahmi turns from a nationalist student into an armed resistant fighter, the discourse about religious unity between Muslims and Copts is significantly radicalised, and women are granted a much more active role than in the novel –as they are placed at the centre of the film’s rhetoric about progress. Moreover, I show, through a detailed analysis of mise-en-scène elements – montage, style of acting, music (including songs by Sayyid Darwish), - how al-Imam efficiently exploited the genre of melodrama, playing with emotions of grief and joy in order to build a cathartic expression of unity. The chapter contains references to two other films of the period, Mustafa Kamil (1955) and Sayyid Darwish (1966) both directed by Ahmad Badrakhan, as well as elements of comparison with ‘Awdat al-Ruh, a television drama aired in 1977.
The Politics of Rehabilitation
Authors: Heshmat Dina
Published: May 2022

This chapter focuses on memoirs of 1919. While most autobiographical recollections of the revolution are written by well-known actors in the events, this chapter looks at a different type of memoir, published in the seventies by a privileged witness. In Min Wahid li-‘Ashara, (From One to Ten, 1977), the well-known journalist Mustafa Amin (1914-97) recollects his childhood in his grandfather Saad Zaghlul’s home, narrating the chaotic 1919 days from inside Bayt al-Umma. Amin’s documenting of the revolution is one that unsettles dominant representations of 1919. Instead of orderly demonstrations glorifying national unity, it is chaos, conflict and carnival that prevail in Amin’s narrative. Min Wahid li-‘Ashara rehabilitates revolutionary violence, both spontaneous and organised, and opens space for the parole of the revolution’s marginalised actors. Moreover, the chapter shows that Amin’s memoirs are marked by the historical and personal moment in which he writes, and function as a conscious attempt at restoring Zaghlul’s legacy into the post-Nasser era. The chapter contains as well a brief analysis of autobiographical narratives by Saad Zaghlul himself, Mustafa al-Nahhas, Fakhri ‘Abd al-Nur, ‘Abd al-Rahman Fahmi, Huda Sha‘rawi, ‘Iryan Yusuf Sa‘d and Shaykh ‘Abd al-Wahab al-Naggar.
Barren Icy Rocks or a Nursery of Seamen? Debating Nova Scotia and Ideologies of Empire in the Era of the American Revolution
Authors: Montgomery Alexandra L.
Published: May 2022

This chapter examines the early debates over colonization proposals for Nova Scotia from the end of the Seven Years’ War to the outbreak of the American Revolution and argues that these discussions highlighted larger questions over the nature and future of Britain’s Atlantic colonies. A division emerged between advocates of small-scale landholdings based on freehold tenure, such as Alexander McNutt, and the more aristocratic approach which favoured tenant-populated estates. Several future American revolutionaries involved in failed land projects in Nova Scotia, including Benjamin Franklin, believed they had been thwarted by policies that favoured British aristocrats and imperial functionaries. Nova Scotia, therefore, both reflected broader debates on land tenure and provided evidence of Imperial wrongdoing.
New World, Old Problems? Aristocratic Influences on Colonial Governance and Land in Nineteenth-century Atlantic Canada
Authors: Tindley Annie
Published: May 2022

Through the examination of the role of Lord Dufferin, Governor General of Canada during the passage of the Land Purchase Act of 1875, this chapter illustrates how land policy reform in Atlantic Canada was seen through the lens of the imperial concerns of the landholding British elite. Dufferin, an Irish landlord himself, was concerned about the implications of the Government of Canada buying out the land proprietors on PEI for his own holdings as well as those of others in his social position across the empire. The chapter argues that a transnational approach to analysis of such issues reveals the extent to which the landed and aristocratic elite of the British Isles could still exert their influence despite the movement toward colonial self-government.
‘For Christ and Covenant’: Scottish Presbyterian Dissent and Early Political Reform in Nova Scotia, 1803–1832
Authors: Ritchie Holly
Published: May 2022

The religious and political implications of Thomas McCulloch’s efforts on behalf of the Pictou Academy in the early nineteenth century are examined in this chapter. McCulloch, a Presbyterian Secessionist minister influenced by the ideas of the Scottish Enlightenment, viewed his Academy as a non-sectarian alternative to the Church of England’s King’s College in Windsor, Nova Scotia, which at the time held a monopoly on advanced education in the colony. The chapter argues that while contemporaries may have viewed the Academy as a subversive institution, McCulloch was also part of the wider British imperial project. His campaign provides one illustration of how dissenting Presbyterians navigated competing loyalties in the colonial context.
Occupation Children
Authors: Mühlhäuser Regina
Published: May 2022

As the war progressed, detailed plans were even drawn up to deal with the children (with projected numbers running into the millions) resulting from sexual encounters with women in the occupied Soviet territories. This is the subject addressed in this chapter. It explores Nazi plans, which aimed to ensure that those children considered to have “Aryan potential” were “made useful” for the Nazi regime.
Introduction
Authors: Claire Thomson C. , Thorsen Isak , Chow Pei-Sze
Published: May 2022

Denmark has made an extraordinary contribution to world cinema, relative to its size as a nation. Taking as a starting point the government-commissioned Cultural Canon of 2006, this Introduction sketches the role of cinema as an aspect of cultural policy in a small-nation context, and situates it within the ongoing ‘culture wars’ concerning national identity and high versus low culture. The list of films included in, and excluded from, the Cultural Canon serves as a basis for an outline of Danish cinema history and an overview of the organisation of this volume: the ground-breaking films, companies and stars of the early and silent period; significant auteurs of international and/or domestic renown; the dynamics of national integration and global interconnections; and the development of film institutions and policies. The Introduction ends with a discussion of one of the earliest films shot in Denmark by the pioneer Peter Elfelt.
Imagining Denmark: danmarksfilm as documentary portraits of a nation
Authors: Bondebjerg Ib
Published: May 2022

A significant Danish documentary genre has been the Danmarksfilm (Denmark-film), short or feature-length films which attempt to portray the nation. The most notorious film in the tradition, simply entitled Danmark (Denmark) and directed by the lamp designer and cultural critic Poul Henningsen, is a national classic today. But its release in 1935 unleashed a storm of disapproval, due to its use of jazz music, montage, and an irreverent approach to royalty and Danish culture. State support for artistic films from the mid-1960s prompted new iterations of the Danmarksfilm: this chapter examines examples from the 1970s to the present day, including veteran documentarist Jørgen Leth’s Livet i Danmark (Life in Denmark, 1972) and Max Kestner’s Verden i Danmark (The World in Denmark, 2007). While gesturing to the older genre markers of Danish landscapes, architecture and industry, these experimental films focus on ‘types’ of Danes, feature writing by modern authors such as Klaus Rifbjerg, and take a self-reflexive, deconstructivist and even globalist approach to the concept of the ‘nation’.
The Olsen Gang in Denmark – and Abroad
Authors: Michael Schröder Stephan
Published: May 2022

Olsen-Banden or Olsen Gang films are considered an integral part of Danish collective memory and culture, immortalised in street names, commemorative stamps, and slang. The fourteen comedies in the series were released between 1968 and 1981, with a sequel in 1998. While quintessentially Danish in terms of content, the Olsen-Banden film series has enjoyed popularity abroad, especially in the former Eastern Bloc. This chapter analyses the origins of the series in silent cinema, and outlines its tropes and motifs, emphasising the films’ function as nostalgic responses to the dramatic socio-cultural changes of the 1970s. It also examines the reception of the Olsen-Banden films in the former German Democratic Republic, arguing that the films’ suspicion of the national authorities, international financial capital and the EEC resonated with East German audiences specifically.
‘I Am No Longer an Artist’: Heritage Film, Dogme 95 and the New Danish Cinema
Authors: Claire Thomson C.
Published: May 2022

In 1988 and 1989, Danish films won Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film two years in a row. A decade later, the first films from the Dogme 95 stable had premiered, and national film institutions and funding had been re-structured, providing a launchpad for a new generation of filmmakers. Starting from a comparative reading of Babettes Gæstebud (Babette’s Feast, Gabriel Axel, 1987) and the first Dogme 95 film, Festen (Thomas Vinterberg, 1998), this chapter explores the continuities and transformations of film policy, practice and style in Denmark from the late 1980s to the present day. The Dogme 95 manifesto and, later, so-called New Danish Cinema ostensibly rebelled against the heritage films of the past, exploring new, rawer forms of realism; but funding priorities and the promotion of Danish cinema abroad as an element of the country’s ‘soft power’ continued to emphasise notions such as artistic vision and innovation. Central to the New Danish Cinema has also been a strong culture of screenwriting, as exemplified in the work of two more recent Oscar winners: Susanne Bier and Thomas Vinterberg.
Stories of Scandinavian Guilt and Privilege: Transnational Danish Directors
Authors: Shriver-Rice Meryl
Published: May 2022

Much of contemporary Danish cinema self-consciously engages in psychologically difficult narratives that adopt a normative stance supporting political action as opposed to privileged and irresponsible detachment. This chapter assesses the international careers of contemporary Danish directors and examines whether their individual and collective commitment to interrogating ethical quandaries in their films has had an impact on their reception abroad. The first part of the chapter discusses the emergence of a generation of Danish auteurs from Dogme 95, examining a typical pattern of perceived failure in Hollywood followed by a renaissance at home in Denmark. The second part of the chapter closely examines the ethical concerns that typify the work of Thomas Vinterberg, Susanne Bier, and Lone Scherfig and their interrogation of Scandinavian privilege.
Danish Television Drama in the Twenty-First Century: New Synergies Between Film and Television
Authors: Novrup Redvall Eva
Published: May 2022

This chapter takes Lars von Trier’s Riget (The Kingdom) as a starting point to discuss how this ground-breaking mini-series legitimised working in television for aspiring filmmakers and how, accordingly, Danmarks Radio deliberately set its sights on working with upcoming talent from the National Film School of Denmark. The chapter analyses the opening of the third season of The Killing as an example of the kind of small-screen visual storytelling that employs a more concentrated ‘cinematic gaze’ than the more casual ‘televisual glance’. The chapter ends by discussing how Danish television drama since the late 2010s is marked by a diversity of players, genres, approaches, and the movement of talent between cinema and television.
Regional Film Funds and Production
Authors: Chow Pei-Sze
Published: May 2022

This chapter contextualises the emergence of regional film funds in Denmark since the early 2000s, beginning with developments in film policy within the publicly funded regional screen agencies, where shifts in thinking about cultural politics and the growing importance of economic growth as a motivating factor contributed to the establishment of regional film agencies beyond Copenhagen in the peripheries of Denmark. The chapter then moves on to an overview of the two existing regional film funds in Denmark: FilmFyn (Film Funen) in Faaborg and Den Vestdanske Filmpulje (The West Danish Film Fund) in Aarhus, noting the ways in which they foster growth and the sustainability of their respective regional film industries, while also sculpting the local regioscape and screen ecosystem. The chapter concludes with an analysis of the current trends and challenges faced by regional screen industries.
The Abundance of Things in the Midst of Writing: A Post-Anthropocentric View on Description and Georges Perec’s ‘Still Life/Style Leaf’
Authors: Marcussen Marlene Karlsson
Published: May 2022

This chapter sees slow narrative as a practice that is particularly attuned to the materiality of the nonhuman world. With the aid of narrative-theoretical concepts, the chapter identifies six features of slow narrative that deepen the audience’s imagination of the nonhuman: low tellability, emotional distance, rhythm, nonhuman viewpoints, scalar shifts, and the foregrounding of formal patterns. Close readings of a novel by Italo Calvino (Mr. Palomar, 1983) and comics by Jon McNaught (Kingdom, 2018) accompany the discussion, showing how narrative form can productively slow down the audience’s attention and reorient it towards nonhuman materiality. In this way, the chapter argues for the theoretical cross-fertilization of New Formalism and New Materialism.
Aisthetic Realities in Ayi Kwei Armah’s The Beautyful Ones Are Not Yet Born : A Matter-Oriented Reading of Postcolonial Literature
Authors: Moslund Sten Pultz
Published: May 2022

Merging various aspects of postanthropocentric theory with a bodily/sensuous reading of literature, this chapter discovers an expansion of epistemological and ontological dimensions in a close analysis of Ayi Kwei Armah’s The Beautyful Ones Are Not Yet Born (1968). Human immersion in and entanglements with more-than-human-realities emerge and combine with the novel’s postcolonial criticism of corruption and greed, legacies of imperialist ideology, capitalism, waste and inequality on a local and global scale. The frame of reading that the article develops shows how the world in Armah’s novel unfolds as sensuous appearances of matter and events through which the consciousness of the central character gets to shift between subjective, collective, depersonalized and even de-anthropocentisised perceptions of reality. In the latter mode, the force of life itself materialises as an impersonal agent of otherness that profoundly redistributes habitual organisations of the sensible. The novel thus discloses and enacts the presence of a power other than (yet entwined with) the power of dominant sociocultural, political and economic value-investments, which ultimately keeps open a potential for shaping human reality and futuority in ways that are different from the impoverished and destructive human-human and human-nonhuman relationships that the novel criticises.
Sylvia Plath’s ‘Tulips’: On the Hostile Nature of Things
Authors: Pedersen Michael Karlsson
Published: May 2022

By fusing key incongruities between New Materialism and OOO, this chapter offers a re-reading of the lyrical subject in Sylvia Plath’s poetry, showing the life of Plath’s subject to be in various ways entwined with the life of things. More specifically, the chapter offers a close reading of Plath’s late poem “Tulips”, which is selected as a prime example of how nonhuman things – for Plath – are cast as hostile and intrusive, intervening with egotistical notions of subjecthood, but at the same time are shown to be the very thing that sustains and grounds the subject. To appreciate this paradoxical nature of things in Plath’s poetry, the chapter mixes the thing-ontology of Martin Heidegger, New Materialism and OOO in order to show that nonhuman things exist in a tension between the relational and non-relational. As such, the chapter vouches for the use of literature to challenge and complicate theoretical assumptions, especially when it comes to thinking human-nonhuman-relations.
Djuna Barnes and Queer Interiorities
Authors: Oulanne Laura
Published: May 2022

This chapter discusses the notion of interiority as a metaphor for human subjectivity and as a concrete material condition of dwelling and embodiment in two short stories and one piece of journalistic writing by modernist author Djuna Barnes. The chapter approaches Barnes’s writing through a combination of queer and feminist phenomenology and New Materialist approaches to the ‘trans-corporeal’ and ‘intra-active’ relationship between the human body and its environment. It explores the ways her stories of desire, death, and family relations, as well as her journalistic report of undergoing force-feeding, use the topos of interiority to queer normative notions of domesticity, embodiment and sexuality, while also reimagining the foundations of the human subject. The reading suggests how literary, experimental uses of language such as Barnes’ can help reconfigure normative ways of thinking about human bodies relating to each other and to the nonhuman world, thereby complementing theoretical and scientific ways of producing knowledge.
Woodenness–The (Palm) Heart of the Matter
Authors: Morton Timothy
Published: May 2022

This afterword comments on the articles in the book and amasses a host of diverse and connected things into critical reflection, from phenomena and objects such as the automatization of society, racism as baked into recognition software, scientism, correlationism and all kinds of anthropocentrism, to late capitalism’s externalization of everything outside human economic relations. Referencing Graham Harman’s concepts of undermining and overmining, it criticizes all kinds of default ideas about what exists and reductions of the reality of objects in the natural sciences and physics, on the one hand, and in metaphysical, discursive, economic and phenomenological studies of things on the other. Against such reductionisms the afterword sees ‘new materialism’ as a broad field of many varied emphases on the thingliness of things and their interpenetration. It connects this change in thinking with aesthetic forms, such as literature, as sites of ambiguity and surprise where matter comes alive, where meaning emerges and collapses, resisting any static and reductionist ontology, but creating instead a quivering between matter and mattering.
Binge-Watching and Fandom: Conclusion
Authors: Bury Rhiannon , Stevens E. Charlotte
Published: May 2022

The Conclusion to this chapter reflects on the ways binge-watching has historically be relevant, perhaps even central, to fandom but continues to be important in fan cultures on Reddit.
Binge-Watching and the Organisation of Everyday Life
Authors: Mikos Lothar , Castro Deborah
Published: May 2022

The main aim of this book chapter was to explore how young adults viewers in Germany and in the Netherlands integrate binge-watching practices into their everyday lives. For this purpose, 26 semi-structured interviews were conducted. The data collected was analysed by means of textual analysis during which the following themes emerged: (a) media consumption and preferences, which allowed us to contextualised and reach a better understanding of interviewees’ binge-watching behaviours; (b) integration of TV in young adults’ lives, where we explored the gratifications people obtained from the consumption of TV fiction and social viewing practices and (c) intensive viewing, where we discussed interviewees’ critical points of view of their TV consumption.
Introduction: The Egg
Authors: Johnson Ryan J.
Published: May 2022

Imagine we are students in a school of philosophy in late antiquity. We are learning about ancient Stoic philosophy and it is the beginning of the course. The first thing that the master would teach us is a now-forgotten genre of philosophical writing called ‘What Comes before the Study of …’ (...
The Yolk A: Stoic Metaphysics
Authors: Johnson Ryan J.
Published: May 2022

Part I is about Stoic physics and metaphysics, especially insofar as it is considered a perverse materialism. Perversion is a technical term, which concerns the way in which Stoicism turns inside out their predecessors distribution of concepts. “The Yolk A” situates this perversion by explaining how “something,” τι, as the broadest metaphysical category for the Stoics. As we will see, “something” divides into two basic types: corporeals and incorporeals. This distinction is a perverse response to a distinction from Plato’s Sophist that is intended to distinguish the two sides of the Stoic incorporeal surface. We then consider the nuanced meaning of the incorporeals’ metaphysical modality – subsistence – before situating all of Stoic metaphysics as the first self-consciously articulated system,σύστημα. Deleuze’s main contribution here is to articulate the difference between the two sides of the strange Stoic surface as composed of an extensive face and an intensive face, with integration and differentiation as their respective operations.
The Yolk B: Incorporeals
Authors: Johnson Ryan J.
Published: May 2022

Having explained the basics of Stoic physics, we then focus directly on their concept of incorporeality, with a special emphasis on distinguishing corporeals as bodily causes from incorporeals as both effects and quasi-causes. Since the concept of a “quasi-cause” is so confusing and elusive to Deleuze scholars, we trace it back further than anyone ever has, to its first appearance it the writings of Clement of Alexandria and even further still through a conceptually surprising etymological reverie. We then consider how this quasi-cause operates as what Deleuze calls “static genesis,” which contrasts with corporeal dynamic genesis, and thus reveals a kind of double causality. To understand this double causality we uncover in Logic of Sense a unsaid twist on Immanuel Kant’s “Table of Judgments,” a twist that allows us to develop two metaphysical logics: a formal logic of bodies that corresponds to one side of the incorporeal surface, and a transcendental logic of incorporeals that corresponds to the other side. This latter logic follows four classes (1) infinite, (2) singular, (3) disjunctive, and (4) problematic. We return to this transcendental logic of incorporeals later in the book.
The Yolk C: Space
Authors: Johnson Ryan J.
Published: May 2022

We conclude Part I by returning to our heterodoxical claim: there are three, not four, incorporeals. In Stoic physics, this argument collapses the canonical incorporeals – place and void – into one – space. We offer three reasons and three advantages for this. To articulate space, we consider the meanings of interrelated terms (whole, all, infinite divisibility) before considering Stoic definitions of place and void, in contrast to Aristotelian account. Contrary to most ancient thought, the Stoics isolated a single notion of space. This is why space is the single incorporeal surface composed of two sides: place and void. Place and void are different ways of considering space: place is the extensive side facing bodies (the cosmos or organized bodies) and void the intensive side facing away from bodies (the chaosmos or disorganized matter). We finish by showing that the same double-sided structure of the incorporeal surface, which appears as space (with an extensive side and an intensive side) from the perspective of physics, repeats when that surface is considered by logic and by ethics. For logic, the surface is λεκτα, and for ethics, the surface is time. We soon see how they are both composed of extensive and intensive sides.
The Shell A: Λεκτα
Authors: Johnson Ryan J.
Published: May 2022

Part II turns to Stoic logic and philosophy of language. “The Shell A” begins with the history and etymology λεκτα, roughly corresponding to Deleuze’s “sense [sens].” With λεκτα, the Stoics create a theory of immanent attributes that contrasts with Platonic transcendent predicates. The theory of λεκτα allows the Stoics to consider the genesis of linguistic meaning out of meaningless matter, which Deleuze calls “a final task” of all materialist philosophies. Since the Stoic account is incomplete, Deleuze completes this final task. We offer a system of confusing Deleuzian concepts from his philosophy of language: primary order, secondary organization, and tertiary ordinance, as well as the three dimensions of the circle of the proposition of the (denotation, manifestation, and signification). Linguistic meaning, we show, is generated out of meaningless matter through two geneses: dynamic and static. After comparing elements of Epicurean and Stoic philosophies of language, we conclude that λεκτα is the Stoic incorporeal considered from the perspective of logic, and it is composed to two opposed sides: the extensive side facing bodes corresponds to conjugated verbs (“I cut,” “she has cut”) and the intensive side facing away corresponds to infinitive verbs (“to cut,” “to walk”).
The Albumen A: Time
Authors: Johnson Ryan J.
Published: May 2022

Part III closes our book with an account of Stoic ethics. “Albumen A” considers the third and final incorporeal: time. First we contrast Stoic time with time in Plato in Aristotle, delving into the fine grain details among them. We find that the Stoics see time as a single double-sided incorporeal surface. Following Victor Goldschmidt’s terminology, we identify what Deleuze calls aion and chronos as the two sides of one surface. While some scholars are confused by what seems like two theories of time in Stoic writings, the Deleuze-Stoic encounter shows that aion and chronos are the sides of a single incorporeal: time. We distinguish chronos and aion through their different senses of the present – the chronological “now” and the aionic “instant” – before considering the twisted genealogies of chronos and aion, and then articulating how time also has that same strange double-sided structured: chronos is the extensive side of facing limited and determinate bodies, and aion is the extensive side facing away from organized bodies or toward disorganized matter.
The Albumen C: Eternal Return
Authors: Johnson Ryan J.
Published: May 2022

In the last chapter we take up Deleuze’s enticing suggestion that there are actually two eternal returns, which correspond to two methods of interpretation, two moral attitudes, and two ethical tasks we detailed in “Albumen B.” Though Deleuze makes this suggestion, he does not explain how it works. So, we offer just such an explanation. This is yet another example of the underlying systematicity that is only uncovered through the Deleuze-Stoic encounter. After giving a short history of the Stoic doctrine of the cosmic conflagration, we address Nietzsche’s seemingly disingenuous claims of being the originator of eternal recurrence through two short stories by Jorge Luis Borges “Pierre Menard, Author of the Quixote” and “Death and the Compass.” These stories articulate the difference between the two eternal returns: the cyclical return of chronos and the return as the straight line of aion. These two forms of the eternal return express the paradox of action that combines the ethical imperative to act and the impossibility of acting because of the Stoic insistence on fate. Following Deleuze’s lead, we close by considering the “crack-up” of the American author F. Scott Fitzgerald’s and what he calls “laughing Stoicism.
Conclusion: Cracking the Egg
Authors: Johnson Ryan J.
Published: May 2022

As we began our book with the Four Ancient Philosophical Orientations, we now conclude with Five Forms of Ancient Philosophical Comedy. We add a fifth form because we speak of comedy, and we cannot speak of ancient comedy without including Diogenes the Cynic. Echoing the end of ‘Albumen C’, this marks a different kind of crack-up, the cracking up of laughter. Comedy reveals a unique dimension of Stoicism....
Introduction
Authors: Lather Amy
Published: May 2022

The introduction lays out the theoretical contours of the book by explaining the relevance of cognitive theory and the new materialisms to archaic and classical Greek poetry. Poikilia, as a term that encompasses both material and mental traits, is thus a concept well suited for exploration from this interdisciplinary perspective. It concludes with a discussion of the depiction of the shield of Achilles in book 18 of the Iliad to demonstrate how the subsequent chapters will use contemporary theory to shed new light on ancient texts.
The Materiality of Feminine Guile
Authors: Lather Amy
Published: May 2022

Whereas the previous chapter saw Prometheus, Hermes, and Odysseus adapting and manipulating at-hand materials in attempts at deceit, in the examples of feminine deception at stake in this chapter exists a distinctive way of using objects, one that relies less on the canny crafting of materials and more on a kind of vitality unique to finely-crafted objects of adornment. Rather than entangling themselves with things through their material engagement with them, the women of this chapter (Aphrodite, Hera, Clytemnestra, and Medea) instead rely more on the capacity for objects to seduce and effect their own entanglements and, in so doing, enact each woman’s deceptive plots. By concentrating narrowly on four accounts of feminine ruses or doloi, the continuities between their respective uses of material things will come into sharp focus. If the first chapter showed how textiles could function as extensions of the women who made them, here too women will be seen to be operating in close concert with their accoutrements: combining their awareness of how assemblages of particular material qualities will impact their targets with words as carefully-wrought as the objects each woman recruits in her deceit.
The Scottish (and American) Foundations of a Trans-frontier Afrikaner Missionary Enterprise 1
Authors: Müller Retief
Published: May 2022

This starts by considering the role of a women led missionary impetus from Mount Holyoke Seminary in the USA, which partnered with Andrew Murray jr. in South Africa to initiate an educational program with far reaching consequences for the DRC’s ‘foreign’ missionary enterprise. A related development concerns close collaboration between the Murrays and their circle of influence and Scots Presbyterians regarding partnership in mission in central Africa. Much of this chapter focus on the embryonic stages of this collaborative effort, the early development of the missionary project, and its indigenous reception in Nyasaland.