bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Arthroscopic‐guided ulnar distraction for the correction of elbow incongruency in four dogs
Authors: Coggeshall J. D. , Reese D. J. , Kim S. E. , Pozzi A.
Published: August 2013

Four skeletally immature, small breed dogs (five elbows) with elbow incongruency were evaluated for forelimb lameness. Findings on clinical examination included pain, effusion and decreased range of motion of the affected elbow. Radiography, computed tomography and arthroscopy demonstrated elbow incongruency in all dogs. Fragmented medial coronoid process was diagnosed arthroscopically in three dogs (four elbows). Arthroscopic subtotal coronoidectomy was performed in all cases of fragmented medial coronoid process. Incongruency was corrected with acute ulnar lengthening under arthroscopic visualisation. The ulna was stabilised with a plate following correction. In two elbows an ostectomy of the anconeal process was performed to prevent impingement against the olecranon fossa. All dogs demonstrated improvement in lameness scores and client‐scored visual analogue scale scores. Postoperative computed tomography showed significant improvement in elbow incongruency in all dogs. Arthroscopic‐guided ulnar lengthening may be considered as a valid treatment in severe cases of elbow incongruency.
Sexual Quality of Life After Hormonal and Surgical Treatment, Including Phalloplasty, in Men with Micropenis: A Review
Authors: Callens Nina , De Cuypere Griet , Van Hoecke Eline , T'Sjoen Guy , Monstrey Stan , Cools Martine , Hoebeke Piet
Published: August 2013

Introduction

The term micropenis encompasses a range of congenital and acquired conditions that result in an abnormally short penis. Small penis size may persist into adulthood, becoming a major cause of dissatisfaction.

Aim

To review the literature pertaining to the effects of hormonal and surgical treatment on psychosexual functioning and quality of life (QoL) in individuals with micropenis who were raised male.

Main Outcome Measures

Long-term psychosexual and QoL outcomes after hormonal and surgical treatment, including phalloplasty.

Methods

PubMed search for relevant publications (1955–2012) on the role of hormonal and surgical treatment in sexual QoL in adult men with micropenis.

Results

Multiple variations in the etiology of micropenis make it difficult to draw firm conclusions that fit all of the patients within this disparate population. However, the literature review supports the conclusions that (i) male gender assignment is preferable for most 46,XY infants with congenital micropenis because of the likelihood of male gender development and genitosexual function; (ii) small penis size persisting into adulthood and dissatisfaction with genital appearance jeopardize sexual QoL; (iii) there is no known intervention, apart from phalloplasty, to guarantee that the penis will become normal in size; (iv) early data suggest that the phalloplasty technique considered the gold standard for gender reassignment in the transgender population can also be transferred to 46,XY patients with micropenis; (v) psychological support should be an integral part of management in order to alleviate the distress and impairment of QoL experienced by these individuals.

Conclusions

Further publication of series with large numbers and longer follow-up is needed. Specific outcome kits should be designed to measure more precisely patients' degrees of satisfaction with cosmetic, anatomical, and functional variables. Only if health-care professionals fully appreciate the impact of this condition can optimal care be provided.
Pontine Control of Ejaculation and Female Orgasm
Authors: Huynh Hieu K. , Willemsen Antoon T.M. , Lovick Thelma A. , Holstege Gert
Published: August 2013

Introduction

The physiological component of ejaculation shows parallels with that of micturition, as both are essentially voiding activities. Both depend on supraspinal influences to orchestrate the characteristic pattern of activity in the pelvic organs. Unlike micturition, little is known about the supraspinal pathways involved in ejaculation and female orgasm.

Aim

To identify brainstem regions activated during ejaculation and female orgasm and to compare them with those activated during micturition.

Methods

Ejaculation in men and orgasm in women were induced by manual stimulation of the penis or clitoris by the participants' partners. Positron emission tomography (PET) with correction for head movements was used to capture the pattern of brain activation at the time of sexual climax.

Main Outcome Measures

PET scans showing areas of activation during sexual climax.

Results

Ejaculation in men and orgasm in women resulted in activation in a localized region within the dorsolateral pontine tegmentum on the left side and in another region in the ventrolateral pontine tegmentum on the right side. The dorsolateral pontine area was also active in women who attempted but failed to have an orgasm and in women who imitated orgasm. The ventrolateral pontine area was only activated during ejaculation and physical orgasm in women.

Conclusion

Activation of a localized region on the left side in the dorsolateral pontine tegmentum, which we termed the pelvic organ-stimulating center, occurs during ejaculation in men and physical orgasm in women. This same region has previously been shown to be activated during micturition, but on the right side. The pelvic organ-stimulating center, via projections to the sacral parasympathetic motoneurons, controls pelvic organs involved in voiding functions. In contrast, the ventrolateral pontine area, which we term the pelvic floor-stimulating center, produces the pelvic floor contractions during ejaculation in men and physical orgasm in women via direct projections to pelvic floor motoneurons.
The Erectile Performance Anxiety Index: Scale Development and Psychometric Properties
Authors: Telch Michael J. , Pujols Yasisca
Published: August 2013

Introduction

Erectile dysfunction is a highly publicized and prevalent condition with marked adverse effects on men's social, emotional, and quality of life. Although several instruments have emerged for assessing erectile dysfunction and its impact on men's quality of life, none of the existing instruments provide a specific assessment of men's erectile performance anxiety.

Aim

This article reports on the development and psychometric evaluation of the Erectile Performance Anxiety Index (EPAI)—a 10-item self-report scale designed to fill an important gap in the assessment of male erectile dysfunction.

Methods

A total of 207 men ranging in age from 18 to 79 took part in the study. All subjects completed an online battery consisting of the EPAI, along with measures of related sexual functioning, social anxiety, state anxiety, and depressive symptoms. A small subset of study participants (N = 42) completed the EPAI a second time for determining test–retest reliability.

Main Outcome Measure

Test–retest reliability was determined by Pearson's product–moment correlations. Internal reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha. Factor validity was evaluated by a maximum likelihood factor analysis with oblique rotation. Convergent and discriminant validity was assessed by comparing the strength of association between the EPAI and measures varying in their hypothesized shared variance with the construct of erectile performance anxiety.

Results

The EPAI demonstrated excellent internal consistency, with Cronbach's alpha = 0.93 and excellent test–retest reliability (r = 0.85) over an average period of 3.5 weeks. Results of an exploratory factor analysis revealed a one-factor solution that accounted for 63% of the total variance. Preliminary evidence supports the convergent and discriminant validity of the EPAI.

Conclusion

Results support the use of the EPAI as a reliable, valid, and efficient instrument for the assessment of erectile performance anxiety. Potential research and clinical applications are discussed.
Molecular population genetics of the melanic plumage polymorphism in Arctic skuas (Stercorarius parasiticus): evidence for divergent selection on plumage colour
Authors: Janssen Kirstin , Mundy Nicholas I.
Published: August 2013

The Arctic skua (Stercorarius parasiticus) is a classic example of an avian plumage polymorphism, with variation in melanin‐based ventral plumage coloration defining pale, intermediate and dark morphs in adults of both sexes. However, despite several decades of field research, there is an incomplete understanding of how the polymorphism in ventral plumage colour is maintained and the selective forces involved. Here, we investigate selection on a locus (MC1R) that is strongly associated with plumage colour variation in Arctic skuas using patterns of nucleotide variation and comparison to neutral loci (nuclear introns and mtDNA). We find that three linked nonsynonymous mutations in MC1R, including the single mutation described previously, are associated with plumage colour in the Arctic skua. The position of nonsynonymous mutations on a MC1R haplotype network implies that divergent selection drove the initial evolution of the colour morphs. Comparisons of FSTs of MC1R vs. nuclear introns among five skua populations differing in proportion of dark morphs along an approximate north–south cline reveal a signature of divergent selection on MC1R. In contrast, we find limited evidence for balancing selection on MC1R within populations, although the power is low. Our results provide strong evidence for both past and ongoing selection on MC1R, and, by implication, plumage colour in Arctic skuas. The results suggest that a fruitful avenue for future ecological studies will be analysis of selection on morphs in colonies at the extremes along the morph ratio cline.
Metabolic adaptations of Leishmania donovani in relation to differentiation, drug resistance, and drug pressure
Authors: Berg Maya , Vanaerschot Manu , Jankevics Andris , Cuypers Bart , Maes Ilse , Mukherjee Sandip , Khanal Basudha , Rijal Suman , Roy Syamal , Opperdoes Fred , Breitling Rainer , Dujardin Jean‐Claude
Published: August 2013

Antimonial (sodium stibogluconate, SSG) resistance and differentiation have been shown to be closely linked in Leishmania donovani, with SSG‐resistant strains showing an increased capacity to generate infectious (metacyclic) forms. This is the first untargeted LC‐MS metabolomics study which integrated both phenomena in one experimental design and provided insights into metabolic differences between three clinical L. donovani strains with a similar genetic background but different SSG‐susceptibilities. We performed this analysis at different stages during promastigote growth and in the absence or presence of drug pressure. When comparing SSG‐resistant and SSG‐sensitive strains, a number of metabolic changes appeared to be constitutively present in all growth stages, pointing towards a clear link with SSG‐resistance, whereas most metabolic changes were only detected in the stationary stage. These changes reflect the close intertwinement between SSG‐resistance and an increased metacyclogenesis in resistant parasites. The metabolic changes suggest that SSG‐resistant parasites have (i) an increased capacity for protection against oxidative stress; (ii) a higher fluidity of the plasma membrane; and (iii) a metabolic survival kit to better endure infection. These changes were even more pronounced in a resistant strain kept under SbIII drug pressure.
Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus, the causal agent ofEuropean ash dieback
Authors: Gross Andrin , Holdenrieder Ottmar , Pautasso Marco , Queloz Valentin , Sieber Thomas Niklaus
Published: August 2013

The ascomyceteHymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus(anamorphChalara fraxinea) causes a lethal disease known as ash dieback onFraxinus excelsiorandFraxinus angustifoliainEurope. The pathogen was probably introduced fromEastAsia and the disease emerged inPoland in the early 1990s; the subsequent epidemic is spreading to the entire native distribution range of the host trees. This pathogen profile represents a comprehensive review of the state of research from the discovery of the pathogen and points out knowledge gaps and research needs.

Taxonomy

Members of the genusHymenoscyphus(Helotiales,Leotiomycetidae,Leotiomycetes,Ascomycota) are small discomycetes which form their ascomata on dead plant material. A phylogeny based on the internal transcribed spacers (ITSs) of therDNAindicated the avirulentHymenoscyphus albidus, a species native toEurope, as the closest relative ofH. pseudoalbidus.

Symptoms

Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbiduscauses necrotic lesions on leaves, twigs and stems, eventually leading to wilting and dieback of girdled shoots. Bark lesions are characterized by a typical dark‐ to cinnamon‐brown discoloration.

Life cycle

Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidusis heterothallic and reproduces sexually on ash petioles in the litter once a year. Ascospores are wind dispersed and infect ash leaves during the summer. The asexual spores only serve as spermatia.

Tools and techniques

The most important techniques for fungal handling, such as detection, isolation, culturing, storage, crossing and ascocarp production, are briefly described.

Management

Once the disease is established, management is hardly possible. The occurrence of a small fraction of partially tolerant trees constitutes hope for resistance breeding in the future. Healthy‐looking trees should be preserved.
An anti‐Aspergillus protein from Escherichia coli DH5α: Putative inhibitor of siderophore biosynthesis in Aspergillus fumigatus
Authors: Balhara Meenakshi , Ruhil Sonam , kumar Manish , Dhankhar Sandeep , Chhillar A. K.
Published: August 2013

An antifungal protein designated as anti‐Aspergillus protein (AAP), produced by Escherichia coli DH5α, was purified and characterised. It exhibited a molecular weight of 60 kDa on Sodium dodecyl sulphate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis and depicted 99% purity on ultra performance liquid chromatography. The purified protein manifested antimycotic potential against pathogenic isolates of Aspergillus spp., depicting a minimum inhibitory concentration in the range 15.62–31.25 μg ml−1 and 5.0–10.0 μg per disc, using microbroth dilution, spore germination inhibition and disc diffusion assays respectively. In vitro toxicity tests demonstrated that it showed no toxicity against human erythrocytes at doses up to 1000 μg ml−1. Matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionisation–Time‐of‐flight analysis of trypsin‐digested peptides of purified protein and subsequent Mascot search revealed that several peptides of AAP have identity with bacterial siderophore biosynthetic protein, i.e. non‐ribosomal peptide synthetase enzyme, involved in critical step of fungal siderophore biosynthesis. Siderophore‐based inhibition was further corroborated by Chrome azurol S assay. Hence, the antagonistic effect might be the result of impediment in siderophore‐mediated iron uptake and transport process which may cause critical consequences on Aspergillus growth and virulence.
Phosphorylation of tau protein at sites Ser396–404 is one of the earliest events in Alzheimer's disease and Down syndrome
Authors: Mondragón‐Rodríguez S. , Perry G. , Luna‐Muñoz J. , Acevedo‐Aquino M. C. , Williams S.
Published: August 2013

Aims

Phosphorylation, conformational changes and cleavage of tau protein have been widely suggested to contribute to abnormal tau processing in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, as well as in other tauopathies. Consistently, many phosphorylated sites, such as Ser199–202–Thr205 and Ser396–404, have been associated with this pathological processing. The present study examined the chronological appearance of phosphorylation during the neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) evolution in Alzheimer disease (AD) and Down syndrome.

Methods

Immunohistochemistry for modified tau [phosphorylated at Ser199–202–Thr205 (AT8) and Ser396–404 (PHF‐1) or truncated at D421 (TauC3) and E391 (MN423)] was performed on paraffin‐embedded human brain sections. Double immunofluorescence for phosphorylated and truncated tau was used to detect intensity and distribution of tau immunoreactivity, and provided detailed characterization of NFT pathology.

Results

Phosphorylation at sites Ser396–404 was significantly increased when compared with phosphorylations at sites Ser199–202–Thr205. Around 50% of the total structures containing phosphorylation at sites Ser396–404 were found as early phospho‐tau aggregates with a well‐preserved neuronal soma. Phosphorylation of tau protein at sites Ser396 coexists with early and late truncation events. Tau abnormal processing in Down syndrome consistently showed similar alterations as observed in AD.

Conclusion

Phosphorylation of tau protein at the carboxyl terminus may be among the earliest tau events, and it occurs prior to the apparition of the classical fibrillar structure. Finally, these data validate PHF‐1 as an efficient marker for AD cytopathology following the progression of tau aggregation into NFT.
TP53 mutation and human papilloma virus status of oral squamous cell carcinomas in young adult patients
Authors: Braakhuis BJM , Rietbergen MM , Buijze M , Snijders PJF , Bloemena E , Brakenhoff RH , Leemans CR
Published: August 2013

Objective

Little is known about the molecular carcinogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in young adult patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the detailed TP53 mutation and human papilloma virus (HPV) status of OSCC in patients, younger than 45 years.

Methods

TP53 mutations were determined with direct sequencing on paraffin‐embedded carcinoma tissue from 31 young patients and compared with two older age OSCC reference groups: one from the same institute (N = 87) and an independent one (N = 675). Biologically active tumour HPV was detected by p16‐immunohistochemistry followed by a HPV‐DNA GP5 + /6 + ‐PCR.

Results

HPV16 was present in one OSCC (3%). TP53 mutations were found in 14 (45%) OSCC: five were missense and nine resulted in a truncated protein. Six of these latter were insertions or deletions of one or more nucleotides leading to frameshift, one was at a splice site and two resulted in a stop codon. The percentage of truncating mutations (64% of all mutations) was higher than that observed in the institute's reference group (44%, P = 0.23) and in the independent reference group (24%, P = 0.002).

Conclusions

This study shows that TP53 mutations are common in OSCC of young adult patients; infection with biologically active HPV is rare.
LEARNING FROM PERFORMANCE FEEDBACK: PERFORMANCE INFORMATION, ASPIRATION LEVELS, AND MANAGERIAL PRIORITIES
Authors: NIELSEN POUL AAES
Published: August 2013

While performance management is increasingly widespread, we still know little about how performance information generates learning and affects organizational responses. Recent work on performance information and learning in private business organizations, however, suggests that perceived negative performance triggers important strategic responses related to problem identification, search, and change. In turn, how performance is perceived depends on whether performance falls short of aspiration levels that are based on an organization's historical performance and the performance of peer organizations. This article adapts this model to a public sector context and tests one implication of the model, namely that public managers will increase their prioritization of goals that are currently performing below aspirations. This question is central to the study of public organizations pursuing multiple and democratically contested goals. Empirical findings based on administrative performance data and a survey of Danish school principals support this prediction.
Tobacco Control in Patients Treated for Chronic Pain: A Survey of Pain Fellowship Program Directors
Authors: Kadimpati Sandeep , Hoelzer Bryan C. , Hooten W. Michael , Warner David O.
Published: August 2013

Background and Objectives

Previous studies have established the relationship between tobacco use and pain severity among patients suffering from chronic pain. Unfortunately, many physicians feel underprepared to counsel patients on smoking cessation. The purpose of this study was to identify the attitudes, beliefs, and practices of pain medicine fellowship directors in regard to tobacco control interventions and trainee education.

Methods

Program directors of ACGME‐accredited pain medicine fellowships were surveyed via a web‐based form to assess current practices in tobacco intervention and to gauge interest in incorporating tobacco control into their current fellowship training curriculum.

Results

Of the respondents, the majority indicated that they frequently asking their patients about tobacco use and advise them to quit. In addition, most agreed that presenting tobacco control is a responsibility of pain physicians. However, few consistently provided any assistance with quitting. Finally, the majority of program directors felt that pain medicine fellowships should include tobacco control training and were interested in incorporating an educational module about smoking and pain into their training program.

Conclusions

This survey of pain medicine fellowship program directors indicates that although smoking cessation interventions are not being consistently applied in academic pain practices, there is a strong interest in doing so. Furthermore, the majority of program directors recognized the importance of incorporating tobacco control training into pain medicine fellowships. This recognition may provide an opportunity to develop a web‐based training module that could be easily incorporated into the upcoming milestones in pain medicine training.
Overexpression of a soybean salicylic acid methyltransferase gene confers resistance to soybean cyst nematode
Authors: Lin Jingyu , Mazarei Mitra , Zhao Nan , Zhu Junwei J. , Zhuang Xiaofeng , Liu Wusheng , Pantalone Vincent R. , Arelli Prakash R. , Stewart Charles N. , Chen Feng
Published: August 2013

Salicylic acid plays a critical role in activating plant defence responses after pathogen attack. Salicylic acid methyltransferase (SAMT) modulates the level of salicylic acid by converting salicylic acid to methyl salicylate. Here, we report that a SAMT gene from soybean (GmSAMT1) plays a role in soybean defence against soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe, SCN). GmSAMT1 was identified as a candidate SCN defence‐related gene in our previous analysis of soybean defence against SCN using GeneChip microarray experiments. The current study started with the isolation of the full‐length cDNAs of GmSAMT1 from a SCN‐resistant soybean line and from a SCN‐susceptible soybean line. The two cDNAs encode proteins of identical sequences. The GmSAMT1 cDNA was expressed in Escherichia coli. Using in vitro enzyme assays, E. coli‐expressed GmSAMT1 was confirmed to function as salicylic acid methyltransferase. The apparent Km value of GmSAMT1 for salicylic acid was approximately 46 μm. To determine the role of GmSAMT1 in soybean defence against SCN, transgenic hairy roots overexpressing GmSAMT1 were produced and tested for SCN resistance. Overexpression of GmSAMT1 in SCN‐susceptible backgrounds significantly reduced the development of SCN, indicating that overexpression of GmSAMT1 in the transgenic hairy root system could confer resistance to SCN. Overexpression of GmSAMT1 in transgenic hairy roots was also found to affect the expression of selected genes involved in salicylic acid biosynthesis and salicylic acid signal transduction.
Development of genomic simple sequence repeat markers from an enriched genomic library of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.)
Authors: Lioi Lucia , Galasso Incoronata
Published: August 2013

Simple sequence repeat (SSR) or microsatellite markers are a valuable tool for several purposes such as evaluation of genetic diversity, fingerprinting, marker‐assisted selection and breeding. In this study, a SSR genomic enriched library was developed in Lathyrus sativus (grass pea) by affinity capture of restriction fragments to biotinylated microsatellite oligonucleotides. About 400 randomly selected clones were sequenced, and SSRs were present in approximately 30% of them. Clones contained 75%, 9% and 16% of simple, interrupted and compound SSRs, respectively. Of the 10 SSRs tested, 7 primer pairs produced clearly distinguishable DNA banding patterns. Successively, SSR primer pairs were successfully tested to reveal polymorphism in a set of four different grass pea germplasm accessions. The transferability of SSR markers was high among three related species of Lathyrus, namely Lathyrus cicera, Lathyrus ochrus and Lathyrus tingitanus, and the legume crop, Pisum sativum. These results indicate that the novel SSR markers are informative and will be useful and convenient for genetic analysis in grass pea and related species.
Immunodiagnosis of sheep infections with Echinococcus granulosus: in 35 years where have we come?
Authors: McManus D. P.
Published: August 2013

W. K. Yong and D. D. Heath published in 1979 a seminal paper in the first issue of Parasite Immunology describing their efforts to determine whether the arc 5 precipitin band, formed when test human serum is reacted against electrophoresed hydatid cyst fluid antigen, would be a suitable immunodiagnostic test for the identification of sheep infected with Echinococcus granulosus. Although they found antibodies to arc 5 in the sera of hydatid‐infected sheep, the sera of some sheep harbouring Taenia ovis and T. hydatigena also precipitated the hydatid cyst fluid arc 5 antigen, so they concluded arc 5 antibodies were not suitable for the specific immunodiagnosis of E. granulosus infection in sheep in New Zealand. Subsequent work has shown that the existence of multiple infections with different taeniid species, antigenic cross‐reactivity between these related parasites and the low level of specific antibody response to infection continue to hinder efforts to improve the diagnosis of hydatid infection in sheep and other natural intermediate hosts, thereby preventing the development of any practical test. In particular, the poor antibody response of ruminants to naturally acquired hydatid infection may prove an insurmountable barrier in future efforts to develop a reliable and accurate immunological test.
Results of Arthroscopy-Assisted TightRope Repair of Acromioclavicular Dislocations
Authors: Flinkkilä Tapio E. , Ihanainen Essi
Published: August 2013

Background

The present study assessed results of arthroscopy-assisted TightRope (Arthrex, Naples, FL, USA) repair of acute Rockwood grade III and V acromioclavicular (AC) dislocations.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 57 patients with AC dislocations treated with TightRope fixation: 15 Rockwood grade III and 42 grade V. Functional results were assessed using the Constant score, and Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) and RAND 36-ltem Health Survey scores after a mean 2.6 years of follow-up (range 1.0 years to 4.5 years). Radiographic results were assessed using the AC joint coracoclavicular (CC) distance.

Results

Postoperative radiographs showed anatomical AC joint reduction in all patients. In nine patients, fixation failed before 6 weeks postoperatively, mainly as a result of suture breakage. For the remaining 47 patients, CC distance was well maintained at 6 weeks. At follow-up, mean (SD) CC distance was significantly increased compared to the contralateral side or postoperative radiographs [17 (4) mm versus 10 (3) mm]. Mean DASH score was 9, Constant score was 88 and the RAND 36 score showed a quality of life similar to the Finnish reference population.

Conclusions

Despite initial good reduction of grade III and V AC dislocations using TightRope fixation, subluxation often recurs after 6 weeks. Patients suffer minor subjective complaints that do not worsen the quality of life.
Cleidocranial dysplasia: report of six clinical cases
Authors: Martins Rosemary Baptista , de Souza Ricardo Salgado , Giovani Elcio Magdalena
Published: August 2013

Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is an autosomal‐dominant disorder that occurs due to mutations in the Cbfa 1 gene, also called Runx 2, located on the short arm of chromosome 6, affecting osteoblast skeletal‐specific bones that have intramembranous ossification. This condition is characterized by hypoplastic clavicles, short stature, and great clinical significance in the stomatognathic complex, with involvement of facial bones, changes in the eruption patterns, including multiple supernumerary and retained teeth. This study reports six subjects of the same family with CCD identified in the Dentistry Clinic of Oral Diagnosis Department, Universidade Paulista, Campus Sorocaba, Sao Paulo State, Brazil. All cases had clinical and radiographic aspects of this important condition, such as short stature, hypertelorism, severe mobility of the shoulders, and supernumerary and retained teeth. Due to the rare incidence and phenotypic manifestations, CCD can be easily misdiagnosed. The oral commitments are one of the main (functional and aesthetic) causes of complaints in these subjects; and a dentist must establish the diagnosis as early as possible, followed by behaviors and practices that can minimize harmful manifestations of the syndrome and improve health associated with oral and multidisciplinary integration offering improvements in quality of life of these subjects.
Transformation of admission interview to documentation for nursing practice
Authors: Højskov Ida E. , Glasdam Stinne
Published: August 2013

The admission interview is usually the first structured meeting between patient and nurse. The interview serves as the basis for personalised nursing and care planning and is the starting point for the clinic's documentation of the patient and his course of treatment. In this way, admission interviews constitute a basis for reporting by each nurse on the patient to nursing colleagues. This study examined how, by means of the admission interview, nurses constructed written documentation of the patient and his course of treatment for use by fellow nurses. A qualitative case study inspired by Ricoeur was conducted and consisted of five taped admission interviews, along with the written patient documentation subsequently worked out by the nurse. The findings were presented in four constructed themes: Admission interviews are the nurse's room rather than the patient's; Information on a surgical object; The insignificant but necessary contact; and Abnormalities must be medicated. It is shown how the nurse's documentation was based on the admission interview, the medical record details on the patient (facts that are essential to know in relation to disease and treatment), as well as the nurse's preconception of how to live a good life, with or without disease. Often, the patient tended to become an object in the nurse's report. It is concluded that in practice, the applied documentation system, VIPS, comes to act as the framework for what is important to the nurse to document rather than a tool that enables her to document what is important to the individual patient and his special circumstances and encounter with the health system.
Differentiating Suicide Ideators from Attempters: Violence—A Research Note
Authors: Stack Steven
Published: August 2013

Which factors distinguish suicide attempters from suicide ideators is a relatively neglected question in suicidology. Data from the 2001 Youth Risk Behavior Survey, encompassing 1,439 youth suicide ideators and 1,097 attempters, was used to explore which factors best differentiate suicide attempters from ideators, with a focus on violence involvement. Measures of violence include the contexts of fights, dating, and weapons carrying. Controls were incorporated for psychiatric disorders, risky sexual behavior, school integration, and demographics. Controlling for the other variables, violence differentiated attempts from ideation: fighting (OR = 2.18) and weapon carrying (OR = 1.13). Psychiatric factors that predicted attempts over ideation included major depression (OR = 1.86), use of cocaine (OR = 2.34), and having a suicide plan (OR = 2.69), while demographic factors included gender, age, residence in the Midwest, and Hispanic, African American, or Asian ethnicity. A supplementary analysis (N = 11,546) determined that violence also helped to differentiate suicide ideators from nonsuicidal youth. Four factors (including violence involvement, eating disorders, and gender consistently) differentiated both between suicide attempts and ideation, and also between suicide ideators and nonsuicidal youth. The link between violence involvement and suicidality is interpreted in terms of the capability for suicide from the interpersonal theory of suicide.
Sociology, Psychoanalysis, and Marginalization: Unconscious Defenses and Disciplinary Interests
Authors: Chancer Lynn S.
Published: August 2013

American sociology as a field tends to marginalize psychoanalytic perspectives despite scholars Cavalletto and Silver showing that this was not the case during Talcott Parson's intellectual heyday in the 1940s. From the 1970s on, though, constructionists emphasized the conservative rather than liberatory side of the Freudian tradition and symbolic interactionism took the place of psychoanalysis as the legitimized framework for understanding individuals. Marginalization has occurred for at least three reasons: (1) the legacies of positivism created a bias toward empirically observable rather than relatively unmeasurable concepts like the Freudian unconscious; (2) psychoanalysis uses internal data whereas sociologists look externally rather than inward; (3) because psychoanalysis focuses on individuals and sociology on groups, it is argued that the two are incommensurate. Nevertheless, even in the face of marginalization, some scholars have combined psychoanalytic and sociological perspectives in myriad ways conceiving of multi dimensional rather than rationalistic individuals within social and cultural settings; exploring interactional dynamics that are at once psychic‐and‐social; and, as in the work of Wilfred Bion, studying the psychoanalytic mechanisms of groups themselves. I posit that the ongoing marginalization of psychoanalysis deprives the discipline of an innovative tool of analysis, an especially salient one at times when the emotional and psychological dimensions of social life are glaringly evident.
Moments of Uncertainty: Ethical Considerations and Emerging Contaminants
Authors: Cordner Alissa , Brown Phil
Published: August 2013

Science on emerging environmental health threats involves numerous ethical concerns related to scientific uncertainty about conducting, interpreting, communicating, and acting upon research findings, but the connections between ethical decision making and scientific uncertainty are under‐studied in sociology. Under conditions of scientific uncertainty, researcher conduct is not fully prescribed by formal ethical codes of conduct, increasing the importance of ethical reflection by researchers, conflicts over research conduct, and reliance on informal ethical standards. This article draws on in‐depth interviews with scientists, regulators, activists, industry representatives, and fire safety experts to explore ethical considerations of moments of uncertainty using a case study of flame retardants, chemicals widely used in consumer products with potential negative health and environmental impacts. We focus on the uncertainty that arises in measuring people's exposure to these chemicals through testing of their personal environments or bodies. We identify four sources of ethical concerns relevant to scientific uncertainty: 1) choosing research questions or methods, 2) interpreting scientific results, 3) communicating results to multiple publics, and 4) applying results for policy making. This research offers lessons about professional conduct under conditions of uncertainty, ethical research practice, democratization of scientific knowledge, and science's impact on policy.
“I Was Always This Way…”: Rhetorics of Continuity in Narratives of Conversion
Authors: Johnston Erin F.
Published: August 2013

This article is concerned with identifying, comparing, and accounting for the principal rhetorical conventions within Pagan practitioners’ narratives of conversion. Applying key insights from studies on narrative identity and drawing on 15 months of fieldwork and 25 in‐depth interviews with Pagan practitioners, I first outline formal similarities in the content of participants’ narratives, arguing that these narrative conventions together constitute an ideal typical conversion narrative: what I call the rhetoric of continuity. This narrative form depicts the process of conversion as a rediscovery or uncovering of a temporally continuous and essentialized Pagan self. I suggest that while all conversions involve both change and continuity, adherents of different faith traditions vary in the degree to which they stress self‐transformation and/or self‐continuity. I then argue that the rhetoric of continuity reflects and reinforces practitioners’: (1) perspective on the locus and nature of the authentic self; (2) claims to legitimacy and social acceptance; and (3) understanding of the nature of religious truth.
The National Social Distance Study: Ten Years Later
Authors: Parrillo Vincent N. , Donoghue Christopher
Published: August 2013

The Bogardus social distance scale, which measures the level of acceptance that Americans feel toward members of the most common ethnic and racial groups in the United States, was administered six times nationally between 1920 and 2001. Replicating the most recent study with its revised list of ethnic and racial groups, the authors of this study analyzed a stratified random sample of 3,166 college students, making it the largest national social distance study ever conducted. The findings indicate an increase since 2001 in the mean level of social distance toward all ethnic groups, as well as in the spread between the groups with the highest and lowest levels of social distance. Further, a consistency between studies in group preferences reaffirms the relevance of the similarity‐attraction bond in accepting those who are racially and culturally different. Mean comparisons and analysis of variance tests also showed that gender, birthplace of respondents and/or their parents, race, and year in college are all significant indicators of the level of social distance toward groups.
Reflections on the Sociology of Security and Surveillance in the Study of Immigration
Authors: Sáenz Rogelio
Published: August 2013

In the last decade, sociologists have begun to address major issues associated with the rise of security and surveillance. My work suggests the ways in which a sociology of surveillance can contribute to the study of immigration and how, in turn, work on immigration can contribute to this new and growing field.
Managing Dangerous Populations: Colonial Legacies of Security and Surveillance
Authors: Berda Yael
Published: August 2013

We tend to associate practices of population surveillance with Western modernity and the intensification of security routines with the last decade defined by the “Global War on Terror.” I suggest, however, that proliferation of methods to monitor and control populations are legacies of the practices that were developed in the colonies to manage civilian populations. Here, I outline those institutional colonial legacies.
Toward a Sociology of “Security”
Authors: Stampnitzky Lisa
Published: August 2013

Security as a phenomenon has come to occupy increasing social energy and thus merits sociological attention. But the question of how to go about studying “security” is somewhat vexing, because the concept of “security” is both highly polysemous (Ranasinghe 2013) and one that can potentially be located within a wide spectrum of social sites, ranging from the feelings of individuals to the practices of states. I suggest that we must first clarify what we are talking about when we talk about “security.” Here, I present several ideas for fully articulating the concept.
Expansion of the Kell blood group system: two new high‐prevalence antigens and two novel K0 (Kellnull) phenotypes
Authors: Lomas‐Francis Christine , Vege Sunitha , Velliquette Randall W. , Fuchisawa Akiko , Uchikawa Makoto , Tani Yoshihiko , Moro Hiroko , Debnath Asim K. , Westhoff Connie M.
Published: August 2013

Background

The number of KEL alleles associated with new antigens or loss of expression of high‐prevalence antigens continues to increase. We investigated KEL in five samples: two with K0 (null) phenotypes and three with normal Kell expression and antibodies to high‐prevalence antigens.

Study Design and Methods

Red blood cell (RBC) typing and antibody identification were by standard methods. Genomic DNA was isolated from white blood cells and DNA array testing and sequencing of KEL exons was performed by standard methods.

Results

Proband 1, an Asian woman with Kp(b+) RBCs, presented with alloanti‐Kpb. Four years later, the antibody was reactive with all RBCs except K0. She was homozygous for KEL c.877C>T change (p.Arg293Trp), and the high‐prevalence antigen absent from her RBCs was named KHUL. Probands 2 and 3, both Japanese and homozygous for KEL c.875G>A (p.Arg292Gln), presented with an antibody reactive with all except K0 RBCs. The antibody, named KYOR, recognizes an antigen antithetical to KYO (KEL31). Proband 4, a pregnant Middle Eastern woman, presented with alloanti‐Kpb, but her RBCs did not express Kell antigens. She was homozygous for KEL c.230G>T (p.Cys77Phe). Proband 5, a multiply transfused Caucasian female with an antibody reactive with all RBCs except K0 and lacking Kell antigens, was a compound heterozygote carrying a silenced allele c.574C>T (p.Arg192Stop) in trans to c.1664G>A (p.Gly555Glu).

Conclusion

We describe two new high‐prevalence Kell antigens, KHUL (ISBT 006037; KEL37) and KYOR (ISBT 006038; KEL38), and two novel alleles encoding K0 phenotypes. We caution that antibodies produced by individuals with K0 RBCs or lacking high‐prevalence antigens can present as anti‐Kpb.
Detection of comorbidities and synchronous primary tumours via thoracic radiography and abdominal ultrasonography and their influence on treatment outcome in dogs with soft tissue sarcomas, primary brain tumours and intranasal tumours
Authors: Bigio Marcello A. , Gieger T. L. , Jiménez D. A. , Granger L. Abbigail
Published: August 2013

Canine soft tissue sarcomas (STS), primary brain tumours and intranasal tumours are commonly treated with radiotherapy (RT). Given the low metastatic potential of these tumours, recommendations regarding imaging tests as staging are variable among institutions. The purpose of our study was to describe thoracic radiographic and abdominal ultrasonographic findings in dogs with these neoplasms and to investigate association of abnormal findings with alterations in recommended treatment. Medical records from 101 dogs, each having thoracic radiographs and abdominal ultrasound performed as part of their staging, were reviewed. In 98 of 101 (97%), imaging abnormalities were detected, 27% of which were further investigated with fine needle aspiration cytology or biopsy. Nine percent of the detected abnormalities were considered serious comorbidities that altered treatment recommendations, including 3 (3%) which were confirmed as synchronous primary neoplasms. These findings may influence recommendations regarding the decision to perform thoracic radiographs and abdominal ultrasound prior to initiation ofRT.
Treatment of shelter cats with oral terbinafine and concurrent lime sulphur rinses
Authors: Moriello Karen , Coyner Kimberly , Trimmer Ann , Newbury Sandra , Kunder Darcie
Published: August 2013

Background

Dermatophytosis is an important contagious and infectious skin disease in an animal shelter. Itraconazole is the commonly used systemic antifungal drug, but it is expensive in some countries and, at times, difficult to obtain. Terbinafine is a fungicidal allylamine with documentedin vitroandin vivoefficacy againstMicrosporum canisin pet cats and in cats with experimental infections.

Hypothesis/Objectives

To describe the use of oral terbinafine for the treatment ofM. canisdermatophytosis in shelter cats.

Methods

The response to treatment of 85 shelter cats with naturally occurringM. canisdermatophytosis was monitored by examination, weekly toothbrush fungal cultures and the number of colony‐forming units on fungal culture plates. Cats were treated with either 14 (n = 21) or 21 days (n = 64) of terbinafine per os (p.o.) along with concurrent twice weekly lime sulphur rinses and daily environmental disinfection.

Results

Cats treated with 14 days of terbinafine p.o. showed an initial response to therapy but by week 6 had relapsed and required rescue therapy with a course of itraconazole (10 mg/kg p.o.) to obtain a cure. Cats treated with 21 days of terbinafine p.o. showed a response to treatment similar to published reports using itraconazole p.o. for 21 days. The mean and median number of days to mycological cure was 22.70 (range 13–39). Terbinafine was well tolerated. None of the cats developed oral lesions postgrooming of lime sulphur rinses.

Clinical significance

Where itraconazole is not available, substitution with terbinafine in established protocols may allow shelters to treat cats that otherwise would go untreated.
Rapamycin reduces burn wound progression by enhancing autophagy in deep second‐degree burn in rats
Authors: Xiao Mengjing , Li Ligen , Hu Quan , Ma Li , Liu Lingying , Chu Wanli , Zhang Haijun
Published: August 2013

Burn wound progression is caused by many mechanisms including local tissue hypoperfusion, prolonged inflammation, free radical damage, apoptosis, and necrosis in burn wounds. Autophagy, a homeostatic process by which cells break down their own components, was found to protect against ischemic injury, inflammatory diseases, and apoptosis in some cases. We tested whether rapamycin, an autophagy inducer, could ameliorate burn wound progression and promote wound healing through autophagy enhancement. Using a previously described deep second‐degree burn model, we first tested the effects of rapamycin on autophagic response in burn wound tissue. Autophagy levels in wound tissue of treated rats were increased as compared with controls. Furthermore, we found that laser Doppler flowmetry values and Na/K‐ATPase activities were markedly higher in the treated wounds. The content of interleukin‐8, methane dicarboxylic aldehyde, and myeloperoxidase activity in the wounds of treated rats were much lower than in controls. The apoptotic rates in treated wounds were much lower than controls as determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling assay. Finally, histomorphological analysis showed that burn wound progression in the treatment group was ameliorated. The time to wound reepithelialization was shorter in the treated wounds than controls 22.5 ± 1.4 days vs. 24.8 ± 1.3 days (mean ± standard deviation, p < 0.01).