bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The flavours of love: A cross‐cultural lexical analysis
Authors: Lomas Tim
Published: January 2018

Linguists have often remarked upon the polysemous nature of love, whereby the term encompasses a wide diversity of emotional relationships. Several typologies have been constructed to account for this diversity. However, these tend to be restricted in scope, and fail to fully represent the range of experiences signified by the term ‘love’ in discourse. In the interest of generating an expanded typology of love, encompassing its varied forms, an enquiry was conducted into relevant concepts found across the world's cultures, focusing on so‐called untranslatable words. Through a quasi‐systematic search of published and internet sources, 609 relevant words were identified. These were organised through a version of grounded theory into 14 categories, representing 14 different forms or ‘flavours’ of love. The result is an expanded theoretical treatment of love, allowing us to better appreciate the nuances of this most cherished and yet polysemous of concepts.
Prognostic scoring systems and outcome of endovascular radiological intervention of chronic Budd‐Chiari syndrome in children
Authors: Singh Sumit K. , Sen Sarma Moinak , Yadav Rajanikant , Kumar Sheo , Prasad Raghunandan , Yachha Surender K. , Srivastava Anshu , Poddar Ujjal
Published: January 2018

Background and Aim

Prognostic scoring systems (PSS) have not been validated in children with chronic Budd‐Chiari syndrome (BCS). We aimed to analyse the long‐term outcome of radiological intervention (RI) and validate the PSS in children.

Methods

Chronic BCS children were analysed in four subgroups: (i) SI: successful intervention (primary or secondary stent patency) (ii) PO: poor outcome (refractory stent block or requirement of liver transplantation), (iii) NU: naïve unintervened (awaiting RI) and (iv) DBI: died before intervention. PSS analysed included Paediatric end‐stage liver disease (PELD), Rotterdam, BCS‐Transjuglar intrahepatic Portosystemic shunt (BCS‐TIPS) index, Zeitoun, Child‐Pugh and Model for end‐stage liver disease.

Results

Of 113 BCS children, 48 children underwent 53 successful primary RI. Actuarial probability of vascular patency was 87% at 1 year and 82% at 5 years follow‐up. Four groups (SI: n = 40, PO: n = 7, NU: n = 13, DBI: n = 6) were analysed. Univariate analysis showed pre‐intervention PELD score [PO: 11 (−1‐23) vs SI: 2 (−8‐25), P = .009] with a cut‐off of 4 (AUC: 0.809, 86% sensitivity, 75% specificity) determined PO following intervention. In unintervened group (NU vs DBI), multivariate analysis demonstrated that Zeitoun score predicted death independently (OR 15.4, 95% CI: 1.17‐203.56, P = .04) with a cut‐off of 4.3 (AUC: 0.923, 83% sensitivity and 77% specificity).

Conclusions

Children with BCS have a favourable long‐term outcome. Among those undergoing RI, pre‐intervention PELD score determines the outcome. Survival is determined by Zeitoun score in those unintervened.
Clinical characteristics and treatment of pyrrolizidine alkaloid‐related hepatic vein occlusive disease
Authors: Zhuge Yu Z. , Wang Yi , Zhang Feng , Zhu Cheng K. , Zhang Wei , Zhang Ming , He Qibin , Yang Jian , He Jian , Chen Jun , Zou Xiao P.
Published: January 2018

Background and Aims

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation related hepatic vein occlusive disease (HSCT‐HVOD) has been researched extensively; however, little is known about the clinical features and treatment of pyrrolizidine alkaloid‐induced HVOD (PA‐HVOD). This retrospective single centre study examined the clinical and laboratory characteristics of 108 patients with acute PA‐HVOD and explored the efficacy of anticoagulation and TIPS therapy.

Methods

The study included 108 consecutive patients with PA‐HVOD between July 2008 and June 2016. The clinical manifestations and the results of laboratory and imaging tests were evaluated. The survival rates of patients treated with different approaches were recorded.

Results

Serum total bilirubin was <34.2 μmol/L (2 mg/dL) in approximately 40% of patients. More than 90% of patients were presented with hepatomegaly, uneven liver perfusion in the balance phase, compressive stenosis of the hepatic segmental inferior vena cava and decreased peak velocity of portal vein blood flow. Severe portal hypertension was observed in all patients undergoing HVPG examination or TIPS operation. Anticoagulation therapy with low molecular weight heparin combined with warfarin was significantly more effective than liver protection and supportive therapy, and TIPS further improved the prognosis of patients who did not respond to anticoagulation therapy. The total effective rate of the anticoagulation‐TIPS ladder therapeutic strategy was 91%.

Conclusions

Patients with PA‐HVOD had different characteristics than those with HSCT‐HVOD. Anticoagulation and TIPS treatment may be effective for patients with PA‐HVOD.
Ledipasvir‐sofosbuvir for treating Japanese patients with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 2 infection
Authors: Asahina Yasuhiro , Itoh Yoshito , Ueno Yoshiyuki , Matsuzaki Yasushi , Takikawa Yasuhiro , Yatsuhashi Hiroshi , Genda Takuya , Ikeda Fusao , Matsuda Takuma , Dvory‐Sobol Hadas , Jiang Deyuan , Massetto Benedetta , Osinusi Anu O. , Brainard Diana M. , McHutchison John G. , Kawada Norifumi , Enomoto Nobuyuki
Published: January 2018

Background & Aims

Japanese patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 2 infection have high rates of sustained virological response (SVR) following 12 weeks of treatment with the nucleotide polymerase inhibitor sofosbuvir in combination with ribavirin, which was the standard of care at the time this study was undertaken. We assessed the efficacy of 12 weeks of treatment with a ribavirin‐free regimen of ledipasvir‐sofosbuvir.

Methods

In an open‐label, Phase 3 trial we enrolled Japanese patients with chronic HCV genotype 2 infection, with or without compensated cirrhosis. In Cohort 1, participants were randomized 1:1 to receive ledipasvir‐sofosbuvir (n = 106) or sofosbuvir + ribavirin (n = 108) for 12 weeks. In Cohort 2, 25 ribavirin‐intolerant or ‐ineligible patients received ledipasvir‐sofosbuvir for 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was SVR 12 weeks after therapy (SVR12). In Cohort 1 non‐inferiority was assessed with a prespecified margin of 10%.

Results

One‐third (33%) of patients were treatment experienced, and 14% had cirrhosis. In Cohort 1, SVR12 rates were 96% (95% CI, 91% to 99%) with ledipasvir‐sofosbuvir and 95% (95% CI, 90% to 98%) with sofosbuvir plus ribavirin, thus achieving non‐inferiority. Among ribavirin‐intolerant/ineligible patients in Cohort 2, SVR12 was 96% (95% CI, 80% to 100%) with ledipasvir‐sofosbuvir. Overall, the most common adverse events were nasopharyngitis, anaemia, and headache; anaemia was only observed in patients receiving ribavirin. The percentage of patients who discontinued treatment because of an adverse event was low (1%).

Conclusions

Among Japanese patients with HCV genotype 2, 12 weeks of treatment with ledipasvir‐sofosbuvir resulted in high rates of SVR12 that were non‐inferior to sofosbuvir + ribavirin.
Validation and comparison of seventeen noninvasive models for evaluating liver fibrosis in Chinese hepatitis B patients
Authors: Dong Minhui , Wu Jingwen , Yu Xueping , Li Jing , Yang Sisi , Qi Xun , Mao Richeng , Zhang Yongmei , Yu Jie , Zhu Haoxiang , Yang Feifei , Qin Yanli , Zhang Jiming
Published: January 2018

Background & Aims

To avoid liver biopsy, many noninvasive models comprised of serum markers for liver fibrosis assessment have been developed. Given that most of them were developed in hepatitis C cohorts and few of them have been validated in Chinese hepatitis B patients, we aim to conduct this validation and compare their diagnostic accuracies in such a population.

Methods

A total of 937 HBV‐infected patients who underwent liver biopsy were included in this single‐centre retrospective study. The diagnostic accuracies of the 17 noninvasive models were assessed by areas under the receiver‐operating characteristic curves (AUROCs), using histologically evaluated fibrotic stages of the biopsy specimens as standards. To compare efficiencies of the models, a grading system based on AUROC levels was developed.

Results

For discriminating significant fibrosis in all patients, the best three noninvasive models were King's score (AUROC = 0.756), Virahep‐C model (AUROC = 0.756) and GPR (AUROC = 0.744); and for diagnosing cirrhosis, Lok index (AUROC = 0.832), FI (AUROC = 0.820) and FIB‐4 (AUROC = 0.818) got the first three places. AUROCs in HBeAg‐positive group were generally higher than those in HBeAg‐negative group. In addition, based on the grading system, Virahep‐C and GPR outstood others in evaluating liver fibrosis in all patients.

Conclusions

In Chinese HBV‐infected patients, Virahep‐C models and GPR had high accuracies in diagnosing liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, while the most discussed models like APRI and FIB‐4 did not outstand. Assessment should take into account the HBeAg sero‐status, since these noninvasive models were more appropriate for HBeAg‐positive patients than HBeAg‐negative ones.
Victims' Stories of Human Rights Abuse: The Ethics of Ownership, Dissemination, and Reception
Authors: Meyers Diana Tietjens
Published: January 2018

This paper addresses three commentaries on Victims' Stories and the Advancement of Human Rights. In response to Vittorio Bufacchi, it argues that asking victims to tell their stories needn't be coercive or unjust and that victims are entitled to decide whether and under what conditions to tell their stories. In response to Serene Khader, it argues that empathy with victims' stories can contribute to building a culture of human rights provided that measures are taken to overcome the implicit biases and colonialist interpellations she identifies. In response to Andrea Westlund, it proposes a taxonomy of types of narrative closure and offers some arguments to strengthen her view that empathy with victims' stories endows audience members with a new reason and new motivation to support human rights.
Isolation and characterization of a salt stress‐responsive betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase in Lycium ruthenicum Murr
Authors: Liu Yongliang , Song Yanli , Zeng Shaohua , Patra Barunava , Yuan Ling , Wang Ying
Published: January 2018

As compatible solute, glycine betaine (GB) plays a significant role in salinity tolerance in GB accumulating plants. Solanaceous crops such as tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) are salt sensitive and naturally GB non‐accumulators. In Solanaceae, only the Lycium genus has been recorded as halophytes in China, and several Lycium species have been reported as GB accumulators. The last biosynthetic step of GB is catalyzed by aminoaldehyde dehydrogenase (AMADH) with betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) activities. Failure of GB synthesis in tomato and tobacco was attributed to lack of BADH activity. Here, by comparing the BADH functional residues of AMADHs between the Lycium genus and solanaceous crops, we predict that all studied AMADH1s have low BADH activities while only LbAMADH2 from L. barbarum has high BADH activity. For two AMADHs in L. ruthenicum, results from substrate enzyme assays confirmed low BADH activity of LrAMADH1 and no BADH activity of LrAMADH2. Despite the very low GB contents in L. ruthenicum seedlings (< 0.5 μmol g−1 fresh weight), GB contents in fruits are up to 150 μmol g−1 FW, inferring fruits of L. ruthenicum as good GB sources. In NaCl treated seedlings, accompanied by elevated GB accumulation, expression of LrAMADH1 was up‐regulated, indicating response of LrAMADH1 to salt stress in L. ruthenicum. Virus‐induced silence of LrAMADH1 leads to less GB accumulation than control, revealing that LrAMADH1 participates in GB synthesis in planta. Collectively, our results show that LrAMADH1 is the bona fide BADH, which responds to salt stress in L. ruthenicum.
Frequency of Risk‐Related News Media Messages in 2016 Coverage of Zika Virus
Authors: Sell Tara Kirk , Watson Crystal , Meyer Diane , Kronk Marissa , Ravi Sanjana , Pechta Laura E. , Lubell Keri M. , Rose Dale A.
Published: January 2018

News media plays a large role in the information the public receives during an infectious disease outbreak, and may influence public knowledge and perceptions of risk. This study analyzed and described the content of U.S. news media coverage of Zika virus and Zika response during 2016. A random selection of 800 Zika‐related news stories from 25 print and television news sources was analyzed. The study examined 24 different messages that appeared in news media articles and characterized them using theories of risk perception as messages with characteristics that could increase perception of risk (risk‐elevating messages; n = 14), messages that could decrease perception of risk (risk‐minimizing messages; n = 8), or messages about travel or testing guidance (n = 2). Overall, 96% of news stories in the study sample contained at least one or more risk‐elevating message(s) and 61% contained risk‐minimizing message(s). The frequency of many messages changed after local transmission was confirmed in Florida, and differed between sources in locations with or without local transmission in 2016. Forty percent of news stories included messages about negative potential outcomes of Zika virus infection without mentioning ways to reduce risk. Findings from this study may help inform current federal, state, and local Zika responses by offering a detailed analysis of how news media are covering the outbreak and response activities as well as identifying specific messages appearing more or less frequently than intended. Findings identifying the types of messages that require greater emphasis may also assist public health communicators in responding more effectively to future outbreaks.
Dialysis access procedure training for the nephrologist
Authors: Waheed Sana , Maursetter Laura , Yevzlin Alexander
Published: January 2018

Historically, the placement and maintenance of dialysis access has been an integral part of nephrology training. However, in recent years, a big debate has ensued regarding whether this should be limited to trainees’ understanding and counseling the patients regarding indications, alternatives, risks and possible complications of these procedures or should it actually involve more of a hands‐on experience for the trainees. Some of the barriers in making these procedures a requirement across the board are the lack of standardization of procedural training across various training programs and the absence of consensus on what achieving competency in these procedures looks like. However, in the era of declining interest in nephrology, giving up “ownership” of nephrology procedures and increasing reliance on other sub specialties might be a deterrent in attracting residents to this field; we have to make a concerted effort to increase the exposure and opportunities for the trainees to perform these procedures. Moreover, we need to emphasize the implementation of a curriculum for nephrology fellows to evaluate access properly in order to decrease the burden of access related complications. Lastly, we need to continue working towards a more structured curriculum for a dedicated interventional nephrology fellowship for trainees who want to focus on procedures for their long‐term career goals.
Examining Recruitment and Retention Factors for Minority STEM Majors Through a Stereotype Threat Lens
Authors: Meador Audrey
Published: January 2018

Prior research regarding minorities in the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields indicated that the factors of peer support and participation in STEM‐related activities contributed positively to minority students' recruitment and retention in these fields. Utilizing stereotype threat as a conceptual framework, this qualitative case study investigated the contribution of these factors by examining the experiences of minority students majoring in a STEM field. Data analyzed through a deductive approach indicated that a stereotype threat adversely affecting retention and recruitment in STEM could be either minimized or maximized by peer support, in the form of educator or familial influence, and participation in STEM‐related activities through internships and the application of STEM‐related knowledge. Findings from this research may inform higher education institutional practices involving the recruitment and retention of students to the STEM fields from minority populations.
On parameter estimation of a replicated linear functional relationship model for circular variables
Authors: Mokhtar Nurkhairany Amyra , Zubairi Yong Zulina , Hussin Abdul Ghapor , Yunus Rossita Mohamad
Published: January 2018

Replicated linear functional relationship model is often used to describe relationships between two circular variables where both variables have error terms and replicate observations are available. We derive the estimate of the rotation parameter of the model using the maximum likelihood method. The performance of the proposed method is studied through simulation, and it is found that the biasness of the estimates is small, thus implying the suitability of the method. Practical application of the method is illustrated by using a real data set.
Direct and inverse theorems of approximation theory
Authors: Daher Radouan , El Ouadih Salah , Hamma Mohamed El
Published: January 2018

In this paper, we prove analogues of direct and some inverse theorems, for the Dunkl harmonic analysis, using the function with bounded spectrum and generalized spherical mean operator.
Analysis of the Effect of Multirow and Multipassage Aerodynamic Interaction on the Forced Response Variation in a Compressor Configuration—Part I: Aerodynamic Excitation
Authors: Schoenenborn Harald
Published: January 2018

The aeroelastic prediction of blade forcing is still a very important topic in turbomachinery design. Usually, the wake from an upstream airfoil and the potential field from a downstream airfoil are considered as the main disturbances. In recent years, it became evident that in addition to those two mechanisms, Tyler–Sofrin modes, also called scattered or spinning modes, may have a significant impact on blade forcing. It was recently shown in literature that in multirow configurations, not only the next but also the next but one blade row is very important as it may create a large circumferential forcing variation, which is fixed in the rotating frame of reference. In the present paper, a study of these effects is performed on the basis of a quasi three-dimensional (3D) multirow and multipassage compressor configuration. For the analysis, a harmonic balancing code, which was developed by DLR Cologne, is used for various setups and the results are compared to full-annulus unsteady calculations. It is shown that the effect of the circumferentially different blade excitation is mainly contributed by the Tyler–Sofrin modes and not to blade-to-blade variation in the steady flow field. The influence of various clocking positions, coupling schemes and number of harmonics onto the forcing is investigated. It is also shown that along a speed-line in the compressor map, the blade-to-blade forcing variation may change significantly. In addition, multirow flutter calculations are performed, showing the influence of the upstream and downstream blade row onto aerodynamic damping. The effect of these forcing variations onto random mistuning effects is investigated in the second part of the paper.
Analysis of the Effect of Multirow and Multipassage Aerodynamic Interaction on the Forced Response Variation in a Compressor Configuration—Part II: Effects of Additional Structural Mistuning
Authors: Gross Johann , Krack Malte , Schoenenborn Harald
Published: January 2018

The prediction of aerodynamic blade forcing is a very important topic in turbomachinery design. Usually, the wake from the upstream blade row and the potential field from the downstream blade row are considered as the main causes for excitation, which in conjunction with relative rotation of neighboring blade rows, give rise to dynamic forcing of the blades. In addition to those two mechanisms, the so-called Tyler–Sofrin (or scattered or spinning) modes, which refer to the acoustic interaction with blade rows further up- or downstream, may have a significant impact on blade forcing. In particular, they lead to considerable blade-to-blade variations of the aerodynamic loading. In Part I of the paper, a study of these effects is performed on the basis of a quasi-three-dimensional multirow and multipassage compressor configuration. Part II of the paper proposes a method to analyze the interaction of the aerodynamic forcing asymmetries with the already well-studied effects of random mistuning stemming from blade-to-blade variations of structural properties. Based on a finite element (FE) model of a sector, the equations governing the dynamic behavior of the entire bladed disk can be efficiently derived using substructuring techniques. The disk substructure is assumed as cyclically symmetric, while the blades exhibit structural mistuning and linear aeroelastic coupling. In order to avoid the costly multistage analysis, the variation of the aerodynamic loading is treated as an epistemic uncertainty, leading to a stochastic description of the annular force pattern. The effects of structural mistuning and stochastic aerodynamic forcing are first studied separately and then in a combined manner for a blisk of a research compressor without and with aeroelastic coupling.
Measurement of the Mean Flow Field in a Smooth Rotating Channel With Coriolis and Buoyancy Effects
Authors: You Ruquan , Li Haiwang , Tao Zhi , Wei Kuan
Published: January 2018

The mean flow field in a smooth rotating channel was measured by particle image velocimetry (PIV) under the effect of buoyancy force. In the experiments, the Reynolds number, based on the channel hydraulic diameter (D) and the bulk mean velocity (Um), is 10,000, and the rotation numbers are 0, 0.13, 0.26, 0.39, and 0.52, respectively. The four channel walls are heated with indium tin oxide (ITO) heater glass, making the density ratio (d.r.) about 0.1 and the maximum value of buoyancy number up to 0.27. The mean flow field was simulated on a three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction at the position of 3.5 < X/D < 6.5, where X is along the mean flow direction. The effect of Coriolis force and buoyancy force on the mean flow was taken into consideration in the current work. The results show that the Coriolis force pushes the mean flow to the trailing side, making the asymmetry of the mean flow with that in the static conditions. On the leading surface, due to the effect of buoyancy force, the mean flow field changes considerably. Comparing with the case without buoyancy force, separated flow was captured by PIV on the leading side in the case with buoyancy force. More details of the flow field will be presented in this work.
Effect of FreeStream Velocity Definition on Boundary Layer Thickness and Losses in Centrifugal Compressors
Authors: Tiainen Jonna , Jaatinen-Värri Ahti , Grönman Aki , Turunen-Saaresti Teemu , Backman Jari
Published: January 2018

The estimation of boundary layer losses requires the accurate specification of the freestream velocity, which is not straightforward in centrifugal compressor blade passages. This challenge stems from the jet-wake flow structure, where the freestream velocity between the blades cannot be clearly specified. In addition, the relative velocity decreases due to adverse pressure gradient. Therefore, the common assumption of a single freestream velocity over the blade surface might not be valid in centrifugal compressors. Generally in turbomachinery, the losses in the blade cascade boundary layers are estimated, e.g., with different loss coefficients, but they often rely on the assumption of a uniform flow field between the blades. To give guidelines for the estimation of the mentioned losses in highly distorted centrifugal compressor flow fields, this paper discusses the difficulties in the calculation of the boundary layer thickness in the compressor blade passages, compares different freestream velocity definitions, and demonstrates their effect on estimated boundary layer losses. Additionally, a hybrid method is proposed to overcome the challenges of defining a boundary layer in centrifugal compressors.
The human infesting ticks in the city of Istanbul and its vicinity with reference to a new species for Turkey
Authors: Kar Sırrı , Yılmazer Nadim , Akyıldız Gürkan , Gargılı Ayşen
Published: January 2018

This study, based on a passive surveillance, has examined 21198 ticks which were detached from a number of people who received hospital consultation and service following the complaints of tick bites between the years of 2006 and 2011 in the city of Istanbul and its vicinity. The ticks have been evaluated in terms of species, developmental stage, gender, seasonal distribution, and locality as urban and rural areas. They belong to 21 species from the genera Ixodes, Hyalomma, Rhipicephalus, Haemaphysalis, Dermacentor, Argas, Ornithodoros and Otobius. The most prevalent ticks are the nymphs of Ixodes and Hyalomma, and Ixodes ricinus. While Ornithodorus lahorensis and Ixodes gibbosus have been seen on humans in Turkey for the first time, Ixodes acuminatus is a new record for the tick fauna of Turkey.
New eriophyoid mites from Italy. IV. Mites associated with weed plants
Authors: De Lillo Enrico , Panzarino Onofrio , Loverre Pamela , Valenzano Domenico , Mattia Chiara , Marini Francesca , Augé Matthew , Cristofaro Massimo
Published: January 2018

Geographical surveys of plant feeders on weeds are essential for finding species which can be studied as classical biological control agents of alien plants. Four eriophyoid species have been collected on well-known weeds surveyed on the Italian territory. A new species, Aceria verbenacae sp. nov., was found on leaf and stem deformations of Salvia verbenaca L. (Lamiaceae) and is described and illustrated. Two Phyllocoptinae species were found for the first time in Italy: Aculus mosoniensis (Ripka & Érsek) comb. nov. and Metaculus rapistri Carmona. Aculus mosoniensis was collected on leaf deformations of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (Simaroubaceae), whereas M. rapistri was collected on leaf and stem deformations of Isatis tinctoria L. (Brassicaceae). Finally, Aceria drabae (Nalepa) was found on deformed leaves and stems of Lepidium draba L. (Brassicaceae) in central Italy. Its previous record in Friuli Venezia Giulia was based only on symptoms observed on the host plants. Three last species are described and illustrated in details to allow morphological comparisons along with previous reports.
Morphological ontogeny of Platyliodes scaliger (Acari, Oribatida, Neoliodidae), with comments on Platyliodes Berlese
Authors: Seniczak Stanisław , Seniczak Anna , Kaczmarek Sławomir Kaczmarek
Published: January 2018

The morphological ontogeny of Platyliodes scaliger (C.L. Koch, 1839) is described and illustrated. The adult of this species has a flattened notogaster, with two pairs of leaf-like setae on its posterior end. The adult and nymphs carry the exuvial scalps of previous instars on the dorsal part of the hysterosoma. The cuticle of the juveniles is plicate, and the larva has 10 pairs of gastronotal setae (c1 and dp absent), whereas the nymphs have six pairs (h- and p-series). The nymphs also have a posterior excrescence, which bears a long, setiform seta h1, and a clearly shorter, leaf-like seta p1. During the ontogeny of P. scaliger, the number of gastronotal setae is highly reduced from 10 pairs in the larva to six pairs in the nymphs, and four pairs in the adult (h1 and p-series remain).
Transient tissue priming via ROCK inhibition uncouples pancreatic cancer progression, sensitivity to chemotherapy, and metastasis
Authors: Vennin Claire , Chin Venessa T. , Warren Sean C. , Lucas Morghan C. , Herrmann David , Magenau Astrid , Melenec Pauline , Walters Stacey N. , del Monte-Nieto Gonzalo , Conway James R. W. , Nobis Max , Allam Amr H. , McCloy Rachael A. , Currey Nicola , Pinese Mark , Boulghourjian Alice , Zaratzian Anaiis , Adam Arne A. S. , Heu Celine , Nagrial Adnan M. , Chou Angela , Steinmann Angela , Drury Alison , Froio Danielle , Giry-Laterriere Marc , Harris Nathanial L. E. , Phan Tri , Jain Rohit , Weninger Wolfgang , McGhee Ewan J. , Whan Renee , Johns Amber L. , Samra Jaswinder S. , Chantrill Lorraine , Gill Anthony J. , Kohonen-Corish Maija , Harvey Richard P. , Biankin Andrew V. ,   Australian Pancreatic Cancer Genome Initiative (APGI), Evans T. R. Jeffry , Anderson Kurt I. , Grey Shane T. , Ormandy Christopher J. , Gallego-Ortega David , Wang Yingxiao , Samuel Michael S. , Sansom Owen J. , Burgess Andrew , Cox Thomas R. , Morton Jennifer P. , Pajic Marina , Timpson Paul
Published: January 2018

Fine-tuned manipulation of tumor tension and vasculature enhances response to chemotherapy and impairs metastatic spread in pancreatic cancer.
Complete Genome Sequence of
Photobacterium leiognathi
Strain JS01
Authors: Soh Justin Y. K. , Russell Colin W. , Fenlon Shannon N. , Chen Swaine L.
Published: January 2018

Photobacterium leiognathi
is a bioluminescent symbiont of fish of the
Leiognathidae
family. Here, we present the full-genome sequence of
P. leiognathi
strain JS01, a strain isolated from a nonluminescent
Loligo
sp. squid of Singaporean origin. No finished genome sequence of this species is currently publicly available.
Draft Genome Sequence of USA100 Methicillin-Resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
Strain 209
Authors: Chen Yingfeng , Crosby Heidi A. , Oosthuysen Wilhelm F. , Diekema Daniel J. , Kelley Scott T. , Horswill Alexander R.
Published: January 2018

USA100 strains are significant contributors to the overall burden of health care-associated methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) infections. Strain 209 is a representative MRSA isolate that serves as a model organism for
agr
type II studies and USA100 virulence assessments. We present a draft genome sequence of this strain.
Whole-Genome Sequencing of Six
Borrelia miyamotoi
Clinical Strains Isolated in Russia
Authors: Kuleshov Konstantin V. , Koetsveld Joris , Goptar Irina A. , Markelov Mikhail L. , Kolyasnikova Nadezhda M. , Sarksyan Denis S. , Toporkova Marina G. , Kirdyashkina Nina P. , Shipulin German A. , Hovius Joppe W. , Platonov Alexander E.
Published: January 2018

Here, we report the whole-genome sequence of six clinical
Borrelia miyamotoi
isolates from the Russian Federation. Using two independent next-generation sequencing platforms, we determined the complete sequence of the chromosome and several plasmids. All strains have an Asian genotype with 99.8% chromosome nucleotide similarity with
B. miyamotoi
strain FR64b.
Draft Genome Sequence of a Red-Pigmented
Janthinobacterium
sp. Native to the Hudson Valley Watershed
Authors: O’Brien Kelsey , Perron Gabriel G. , Jude Brooke A.
Published: January 2018

Water samples from the Hudson Valley watershed indicate that the area is host to many violacein-producing bacterial isolates. Here, we report the draft whole-genome sequence of
Janthinobacterium
sp. strain BJB412, an isolate lacking violacein production yet containing genes responsible for prodigiosin, biofilm production, and quorum sensing, like its purple-pigmented counterparts.
Complete Genome Sequences of Three
Streptococcus agalactiae
Serotype Ia Isolates Obtained from Disease Outbreaks in Nile Tilapia (
Oreochromis niloticus
)
Authors: Jaglarz Anita , Gurgul Artur , Leigh William J. , Costa Janina Z. , Thompson Kim D.
Published: January 2018

This paper describes the whole-genome sequences for three
Streptococcus agalactiae
serotype Ia isolates. The isolates were recovered from the brains of clinically sick tilapia,
Oreochromis niloticus
, that were suffering from streptococcosis. One isolate was from tilapia in the United States and the other two from fish in China.
Host Tumor Suppressor p18INK4cFunctions as a Potent Cell-Intrinsic Inhibitor of Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68 Reactivation and Pathogenesis
Authors: Niemeyer Brian F. , Oko Lauren M. , Medina Eva M. , Oldenburg Darby G. , White Douglas W. , Cool Carlyne D. , Clambey Eric T. , van Dyk Linda F.
Published: January 2018

Gammaherpesviruses are common viruses associated with lifelong infection and increased disease risk. Reactivation from latency aids the virus in maintaining infection throughout the life of the host and is responsible for a wide array of disease outcomes. Previously, we demonstrated that the virus-encoded cyclin (v-cyclin) of murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (γHV68) is essential for optimal reactivation from latency in normal mice but not in mice lacking the host tumor suppressor p18INK4c(p18). Whether p18 plays a cell-intrinsic or -extrinsic role in constraining reactivation remains unclear. Here, we generated recombinant viruses in which we replaced the viral cyclin with the cellular p18INK4cgene (p18KI) for targeted expression of p18, specifically within infected cells. We find that the p18KI virus is similar to the cyclin-deficient virus (cycKO) in lytic infection, establishment of latency, and infected cell reservoirs. While the cycKO virus is capable of reactivation in p18-deficient mice, expression of p18 from the p18KI virus results in a profound reactivation defect. These data demonstrate that p18 limits reactivation within latently infected cells, functioning in a cell-intrinsic manner. Further, the p18KI virus showed greater attenuation of virus-induced lethal pneumonia than the cycKO virus, indicating that p18 could further restrict γHV68 pathogenesis even in p18-sufficient mice. These studies demonstrate that host p18 imposes the requirement for the viral cyclin to reactivate from latency by functioning in latently infected cells and that p18 expression is associated with decreased disease, thereby identifying p18 as a compelling host target to limit chronic gammaherpesvirus pathogenesis.

IMPORTANCEGammaherpesviruses are ubiquitous viruses associated with multiple malignancies. The propensity to cycle between latency and reactivation results in an infection that is never cleared and often difficult to treat. Understanding the balance between latency and reactivation is integral to treating gammaherpesvirus infection and associated disease outcomes. This work characterizes the role of a novel inhibitor of reactivation, host p18INK4c, thereby bringing more clarity to a complex process with significant outcomes for infected individuals.
A Role for Myosin Va in Human Cytomegalovirus Nuclear Egress
Authors: Wilkie Adrian R. , Sharma Mayuri , Pesola Jean M. , Ericsson Maria , Fernandez Rosio , Coen Donald M.
Published: January 2018

Herpesviruses replicate and package their genomes into capsids in replication compartments within the nuclear interior. Capsids then move to the inner nuclear membrane for envelopment and release into the cytoplasm in a process called nuclear egress. We previously found that nuclear F-actin is induced upon infection with the betaherpesvirus human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and is important for nuclear egress and capsid localization away from replication compartment-like inclusions toward the nuclear rim. Despite these and related findings, it has not been shown that any specific motor protein is involved in herpesvirus nuclear egress. In this study, we have investigated whether the host motor protein, myosin Va, could be fulfilling this role. Using immunofluorescence microscopy and coimmunoprecipitation, we observed associations between a nuclear population of myosin Va and the viral major capsid protein, with both concentrating at the periphery of replication compartments. Immunoelectron microscopy showed that nearly 40% of assembled nuclear capsids associate with myosin Va. We also found that myosin Va and major capsid protein colocalize with nuclear F-actin. Importantly, antagonism of myosin Va with RNA interference or a dominant negative mutant revealed that myosin Va is important for the efficient production of infectious virus, capsid accumulation in the cytoplasm, and capsid localization away from replication compartment-like inclusions toward the nuclear rim. Our results lead us to suggest a working model whereby human cytomegalovirus capsids associate with myosin Va for movement from replication compartments to the nuclear periphery during nuclear egress.

IMPORTANCE
Little is known regarding how newly assembled and packaged herpesvirus capsids move from the nuclear interior to the periphery during nuclear egress. While it has been proposed that an actomyosin-based mechanism facilitates intranuclear movement of alphaherpesvirus capsids, a functional role for any specific myosin in nuclear egress has not been reported. Furthermore, the notion that an actomyosin-based mechanism facilitates intranuclear capsid movement is controversial. Here we show that human cytomegalovirus capsids associate with nuclear myosin Va and F-actin and that antagonism of myosin Va impairs capsid localization toward the nuclear rim and nuclear egress. Together with our previous results showing that nuclear F-actin is induced upon HCMV infection and is also important for these processes, our results lend support to the hypothesis that nascent human cytomegalovirus capsids migrate to the nuclear periphery via actomyosin-based movement. These results shed light on a poorly understood viral process and the cellular machinery involved.
Rapid Cloning of Novel Rhesus Adenoviral Vaccine Vectors
Authors: Abbink Peter , Kirilova Marinela , Boyd Michael , Mercado Noe , Li Zhenfeng , Nityanandam Ramya , Nanayakkara Ovini , Peterson Rebecca , Larocca Rafael A. , Aid Malika , Tartaglia Lawrence , Mutetwa Tinaye , Blass Eryn , Jetton David , Maxfield Lori F. , Borducchi Erica N. , Badamchi-Zadeh Alexander , Handley Scott , Zhao Guoyan , Virgin Herbert W. , Havenga Menzo J. , Barouch Dan H.
Published: January 2018

Human and chimpanzee adenovirus vectors are being developed to circumvent preexisting antibodies against common adenovirus vectors such as Ad5. However, baseline immunity to these vectors still exists in human populations. Traditional cloning of new adenovirus vaccine vectors is a long and cumbersome process that takes 2 months or more and that requires rare unique restriction enzyme sites. Here we describe a novel, restriction enzyme-independent method for rapid cloning of new adenovirus vaccine vectors that reduces the total cloning procedure to 1 week. We developed 14 novel adenovirus vectors from rhesus monkeys that can be grown to high titers and that are immunogenic in mice. All vectors grouped with the unusual adenovirus species G and show extremely low seroprevalence in humans. Rapid cloning of novel adenovirus vectors is a promising approach for the development of new vector platforms. Rhesus adenovirus vectors may prove useful for clinical development.

IMPORTANCE
To overcome baseline immunity to human and chimpanzee adenovirus vectors, we developed 14 novel adenovirus vectors from rhesus monkeys. These vectors are immunogenic in mice and show extremely low seroprevalence in humans. Rhesus adenovirus vectors may prove useful for clinical development.
Class 1-Selective Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) Inhibitors Enhance HIV Latency Reversal while Preserving the Activity of HDAC Isoforms Necessary for Maximal HIV Gene Expression
Authors: Zaikos Thomas D. , Painter Mark M. , Sebastian Kettinger Nadia T. , Terry Valeri H. , Collins Kathleen L.
Published: January 2018

Combinations of drugs that affect distinct mechanisms of HIV latency aim to induce robust latency reversal leading to cytopathicity and elimination of the persistent HIV reservoir. Thus far, attempts have focused on combinations of protein kinase C (PKC) agonists and pan-histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDIs) despite the knowledge that HIV gene expression is regulated by class 1 histone deacetylases. We hypothesized that class 1-selective HDIs would promote more robust HIV latency reversal in combination with a PKC agonist than pan-HDIs because they preserve the activity of proviral factors regulated by non-class 1 histone deacetylases. Here, we show that class 1-selective agents used alone or with the PKC agonist bryostatin-1 induced more HIV protein expression per infected cell. In addition, the combination of entinostat and bryostatin-1 induced viral outgrowth, whereas bryostatin-1 combinations with pan-HDIs did not. When class 1-selective HDIs were used in combination with pan-HDIs, the amount of viral protein expression and virus outgrowth resembled that of pan-HDIs alone, suggesting that pan-HDIs inhibit robust gene expression induced by class 1-selective HDIs. Consistent with this, pan-HDI-containing combinations reduced the activity of NF-κB and Hsp90, two cellular factors necessary for potent HIV protein expression, but did not significantly reduce overall cell viability. An assessment of viral clearance from
in vitro
cultures indicated that maximal protein expression induced by class 1-selective HDI treatment was crucial for reservoir clearance. These findings elucidate the limitations of current approaches and provide a path toward more effective strategies to eliminate the HIV reservoir.

IMPORTANCE
Despite effective antiretroviral therapy, HIV evades eradication in a latent form that is not affected by currently available drug regimens. Pharmacologic latency reversal that leads to death of cellular reservoirs has been proposed as a strategy for reservoir elimination. Because histone deacetylases (HDACs) promote HIV latency, HDAC inhibitors have been a focus of HIV cure research. However, many of these inhibitors broadly affect multiple classes of HDACs, including those that promote HIV gene expression (class 1 HDACs). Here, we demonstrate that targeted treatment with class 1-selective HDAC inhibitors induced more potent HIV latency reversal than broadly acting agents. Additionally, we provide evidence that broadly acting HDIs are limited by inhibitory effects on non-class 1 HDACs that support the activity of proviral factors. Thus, our work demonstrates that the use of targeted approaches to induce maximum latency reversal affords the greatest likelihood of reservoir elimination.
Acute sedation-associated complications in GI endoscopy (ProSed 2 Study): results from the prospective multicentre electronic registry of sedation-associated complications
Authors: Behrens Angelika , Kreuzmayr Anton , Manner Hendrik , Koop Herbert , Lorenz Albrecht , Schaefer Claus , Plauth Mathais , Jetschmann Jens-Uwe , von Tirpitz Christian , Ewald Marcus , Sackmann Michael , Renner Wanja , Krüger Martin , Schwab Dieter , Hoffmann Werner , Engelke Olaf , Pech Oliver , Kullmann Frank , Pampuch Sonja , Lenfers Berthold , Weickert Uwe , Schilling Dieter , Boehm Stephan , Beckebaum Susanne , Cicinnati Vito , Erckenbrecht Joachim F , Dumoulin Franz Ludwig , Benz Claus , Rabenstein Thomas , Haltern Georg , Balsliemke Martin , de Mas Christian , Kleber Gerhard , Pehl Christian , Vogt Christoph , Kiesslich Ralf , Fischbach Wolfgang , Koop Irmtraut , Kuehne Jens , Breidert Matthias , Sass Nils Lennart , May Andrea , Friedrich Christian , Veitt Ronni , Porschen Rainer , Ellrichmann Mark , Arlt Alexander , Schmitt Wolfgang , Dollhopf Markus , Schmidbaur Werner , Dignass Axel , Schmitz Volker , Labenz J , Kaiser Gernot , Krannich Alexander , Barteska Nico , Ell Christian
Published: January 2018

Objectives

Sedation has been established for GI endoscopic procedures in most countries, but it is also associated with an added risk of complications. Reported complication rates are variable due to different study methodologies and often limited sample size.

Designs

Acute sedation-associated complications were prospectively recorded in an electronic endoscopy documentation in 39 study centres between December 2011 and August 2014 (median inclusion period 24 months). The sedation regimen was decided by each study centre.

Results

A total of 368 206 endoscopies was recorded; 11% without sedation. Propofol was the dominant drug used (62% only, 22.5% in combination with midazolam). Of the sedated patients, 38 (0.01%) suffered a major complication, and overall mortality was 0.005% (n=15); minor complications occurred in 0.3%. Multivariate analysis showed the following independent risk factors for all complications: American Society of Anesthesiologists class >2 (OR 2.29) and type and duration of endoscopy. Of the sedation regimens, propofol monosedation had the lowest rate (OR 0.75) compared with midazolam (reference) and combinations (OR 1.0–1.5). Compared with primary care hospitals, tertiary referral centres had higher complication rates (OR 1.61). Notably, compared with sedation by a two-person endoscopy team (endoscopist/assistant; 53.5% of all procedures), adding another person for sedation (nurse, physician) was associated with higher complication rates (ORs 1.40–4.46), probably due to higher complexity of procedures not evident in the multivariate analysis.

Conclusions

This large multicentre registry study confirmed that severe acute sedation-related complications are rare during GI endoscopy with a very low mortality. The data are useful for planning risk factor-adapted sedation management to further prevent sedation-associated complications in selected patients.

Trial registration number

DRKS00007768; Pre-results.
Wind-induced shear and torsion in low-rise and medium-rise buildings: Provisions of National Building Code of Canada 2015
Authors: Nguyen Thai Son , Stathopoulos Ted , Tirca Lucia
Published: January 2018

This paper discusses the shear and torsion induced in low-rise and medium-rise buildings, according to wind load specifications provided in NBCC 2015. Results from experimental studies, carried out in wind tunnels were compared with corresponding NBCC 2015 provisions under different upstream roughness conditions. These comparisons demonstrated notable discrepancies for the case of torsion in low-rise buildings. Further, comparisons between the wind load specifications given in NBCC 2015 and ASCE/SEI 7-10 standard were carried out. Following both sets of provisions, wind-induced shear and torsion were computed and compared for five low-rise and medium-rise buildings with the same horizontal dimensions but different heights. Emphasis was directed towards the cases that create maximum shear forces and (or) maximum torsions to reflect critical design conditions. For low-rise buildings, the ASCE/SEI-7-10 and NBCC-2015 yield similar shear coefficients but quite different torsional coefficients; while for medium-rise buildings, clear agreement was found, for both shear and torsion. The diversity of the results is discussed and some suggestions for improvement of code provisions are made. A definition for medium-rise buildings was provided.
Dynamics and Control of a Delayed Oscillator Network by Pinning Strategy
Authors: Zhou Jing , Xu Xu , Yu Dongyuan , Li Wenhao
Published: January 2018

Large scale networks may exhibit complicated dynamical behaviors, such as instability, bifurcation, and chaos. It is not easy to get which nodes or links need to be controlled for ensuring the desired dynamical behavior. This paper presents a detailed analysis on the dynamics and control of a delayed network by a pinning strategy. The network system is first mapped to a simple system by means of an orthogonal transformation. The control signals are then exerted only on a fraction of nodes in the transformed system. We analyze how to get the desired dynamics of the original controlled system (such as zeros solutions, periodic solutions, quasi-periodic solutions and chaos) via controlling the transformed system. It shows that the solutions of the original system can be obtained by the local dynamical behavior exhibiting in the transformed system. The results show that the proposed pinning control strategy is an effective approach for dynamics control.