bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hét gevoel van onveiligheid bestaat niet
Authors: van Noije Lonneke , Iedema Jurjen
Published: January 2019

Unsafety as a diverse concept

There is no such thing as the feeling of unsafety. The trend in feelings of unsafety is measured using a standard question that has figured in the successive Safety Monitors (Veiligheidsmonitors) for many years: ‘Do you occasionally feel unsafe?’ This general question formulation elicits information on how uneasy the Dutch feel about safety. The nature and burden of this unease may vary greatly among them. The authors’ analysis shows that crime-specific measures of fear of victimization differ fundamentally from both cognitive assessments (risk perception) and general measures of feelings of unsafety. Hence, people who occasionally feel unsafe do not automatically think or fear that they will fall victim to crime and vice versa. Consequently, the authors identify four main constellations of subjective safety which emerge in different population groups, some more burdened by fear of victimization than others. The authors argue that policy should at least seek to reduce the most serious problems. They propose personal fear of victimization as an alternative for general feelings of safety.
Doe het zelf? Strategieën om je veiliger te voelen tijdens een avond uit
Authors: Brands Jelle , van Doorn Janne
Published: January 2019

Do it yourself? Strategies to feel safer in urban nightlife

This study investigates the strategies people themselves use to deal with situations in which they fear crime. The authors see people as social agents who hold agency and (also) manage their own safety, instead of viewing people as powerless victims. Previous studies have emphasized people’s agency, often through a focus on avoiding dangerous spaces. Building on insights from the fear of crime literature that approaches fear of crime as situational, the authors illustrate how spaces in which people worry about crime can also be transformed (through action) into safe(r) spaces. The article focuses on the context of urban nightlife areas. Thirty students living in Utrecht, the Netherlands were interviewed. Results show that students perform a range of strategies to cope with their fear, including situational avoidance, arranging companionship, increasing alertness, and reasoning. In the discussion the authors reflect on how the application of such strategies is related to (erosion of) ‘mobility’ and individual freedom of movement.
Study on Commercial Spice and Herb Products Using Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS)
Authors: Barbosa Cristina , Nogueira Sofia , Gadanho Mário , Chaves Sandra
Published: January 2019

Background: The use of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-based testing methods is increasing in the food sector. DNA analyses can be a helpfultool for the analysis of many food products and can address some of the present concerns about adulteration and authenticity. Several analytical methods have been proposed to answer the specific topic of species composition in foods. Objective: The aim is to show that Next-generation sequencin(NGS) is a suitable tool for food analysis includingspices, herbs, seasoning, etc. Method: In the present study, we show how an internal NGSworkflow was setup and tested for species composition in real food seasoning samples. Results: Commercial samples of different spice and herb mixtures were analysed by our internal developed NGS workflow. The results obtained will be discussedbased on the labeling of the products relative tothetype of sample and species mixtures. Conclusions: Here we show that our internal NGS workflow can be successfully applied in complex commercial samples. Highlights: NGS can become a powerfull and reliable tool for authentication of spices and herbs products.
Europium‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols to Aldehydes/Ketones and Photoluminescence Tracking
Authors: Kim Seongwoo , Kim Youngik , Jin Hyomin , Park Myung Hwan , Kim Youngjo , Lee Kang Mun , Kim Min
Published: January 2019

Europium is a lanthanide rare‐earth metal and is known as a key element in luminophore development. Since europium has two relatively stable oxidation states, Eu2+ and Eu3+, which is exceptional among the various lanthanide elements, we have developed a europium‐catalyzed aerobic oxidation with external oxidants utilizing the redox cycle of Eu2+/Eu3+. The reaction was performed under mild conditions with a wide substrate scope. The photoluminescence spectra clearly demonstrate the oxidation state changes that occur during the presented europium‐catalyzed aerobic oxidation.

magnified image
Buckwheat remains from the late Neolithic site of Donghuishan, Gansu Province, China
Authors: Wei Yi‐Min
Published: January 2019

Background and objectives

The Donghuishan ruins in Minle County, Gansu Province, is a site of the late Neolithic (Siba culture) and has a long history of agriculture; thus, it is a region rich for studying early agricultural culture. Previous studies have found a large number of seeds or plant remains of wheat, barley, rye, foxtail millet, and broomcorn millet at the Donghuishan ruins.

Findings

In this study, a batch of carbonized plant remains was obtained through the flotation method at the cultural layer of this ruin. Furthermore, three complete carbonized buckwheat kernels were found and identified with modern buckwheat kernels for the first time.

Conclusions

The 14C dating result was from 3,610 to 3,458 years before present. These carbonized buckwheat kernels from the late Neolithic period are the oldest that have been found in China.

Significance and novelty

This finding provides new evidence for the argument that the origin of buckwheat is in the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau and demonstrates the significant role of natural selection and genetic breeding technology in the yield improvement of crops.
Marsh bird occupancy along the shoreline‐to‐forest gradient as marshes migrate from rising sea level
Authors: Taillie Paul J. , Moorman Christopher E.
Published: January 2019

One mechanism by which coastal marshes may persist as sea‐level rises is to expand landward into existing forest, a process known as marsh migration. Though recent studies highlight the importance of marsh migration to the conservation of birds associated with coastal marshes, marsh bird responses to this transition from forest to marsh are poorly understood. To address this need, we conducted surveys of five focal marsh bird taxa at 92 points distributed across the gradient from the shoreline to the marsh–forest interface in one of the most vulnerable regions to sea‐level rise in North America where marshes have been migrating landward for at least several decades. Given this landward movement of the forest–marsh interface, we modeled focal taxa occurrence as a function of distance‐to‐forest, thereby assuming that marshes closer to the forest were newer than those closer to the shoreline. In addition, we investigated the effects of vegetation conditions and fire frequency. Occupancy probability of marsh birds decreased closer to the forest–marsh interface where woody vegetation was taller and herbaceous cover was dominated by Cladium jamaicense, suggesting migrated marsh may provide limited habitat for these bird species, at least in the short term. Though parameter estimate uncertainty for black rail (Laterallus jamaicensis) was high due to a limited number of detections, occupancy of this species may increase with the conditions associated with migrated marsh, specifically greater C. jamaicense dominance and decreasing distance‐to‐forest. Clapper/king rail (Rallus crepitans/elegans) occupancy was greater at sites that had burned more frequently over the past decade, and occupancy of all focal taxa was greater in areas with vegetation conditions consistent with the effects of fire in coastal marshes, including reduced herbaceous vegetation density and shorter woody vegetation. As such, prescribed fire may serve as an effective method of facilitating marsh migration and increasing the quality and quantity of habitat for coastal marsh birds as sea‐level rises.
Novel Cobalt Catalysts Supported on Metal–Organic Frameworks MIL‐53(Al) for the Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis
Authors: Sun Buli , Tan Haiyan , Liu Sixu , Lyu Shuai , Zhang Xin , Zhang Yuhua , Li Jinlin , Wang Li
Published: January 2019

Metal–organic framework of MIL‐53(Al) (Al(OH)‐[O2C‐C6H4‐CO2]) with exceptional thermal stability (as high as ≈550 °C in dynamic conditions) are synthesized via a solvothermal method, which serve as a porous host matrix of Co‐based catalysts for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS). MIL‐53(Al) shows large micropores and lattice dynamic flexibility, which make this material a promising support for active cobalt species. The as‐synthesized Co/MIL‐53(Al) catalysts with different cobalt loadings are characterized by powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetry (TG), Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, and temperature programmed reduction. The results show that the immobilization of Co nanoparticles on the MIL‐53(Al) support could be beneficial to obtain novel effective catalysts for FTS. Moreover, compared with the Co/γ‐Al2O3 catalyst of the same cobalt loading, the catalytic performance of Co/MIL‐53(Al) catalyst shows higher FTS activity. Interestingly, the gasoline selectivity over the Co/MIL‐53(Al) catalyst is much higher than that of the Co/γ‐Al2O3 catalyst, close to the optimal value for maximum gasoline and diesel production.
Improved online hydrogen isotope analysis of halite aqueous inclusions
Authors: Fourel François , Lécuyer Christophe , Seris Magali , Blamey Nigel , Brand Uwe , Fralick Philip , Volders Filip
Published: January 2019

We demonstrate an improved method based on continuous‐flow elemental analyser pyrolysis isotopic ratio mass spectrometry (CF‐EA‐PY‐IRMS) to measure the 2H/1H ratios of water trapped in halite crystals. Two challenges to overcome are the low hydrogen concentration of samples (10‐50 μmol H2·g−1) and the high chloride concentration released when reacting halite in an elemental analyser. We describe an optimization procedure for determining the 2H/1H ratio of this trapped water with an acceptable accuracy. This technique involves the use of a high‐temperature Cr reactor to quantitatively convert H2O into H2. The initial step was performed on halite crystals precipitated from a water reservoir where 2H/1H ratios were monitored from its initial stage until the end of evaporation. The 2H/1H isotopic analyses were automated online in continuous‐flow mode. Precision of the method was determined for those “synthetic” samples with hydrogen concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 0.5 wt%. 2H/1H isotopic ratios of evaporating waters bracket the compositions of water inclusions. The formation of fluid inclusions is not instantaneous and records the isotopic signature of the residual waters across a time range during which the isotopic values of the water still evolve. This property explains why the δ2HVSMOW standard deviation of ±5‰ (2σ) observed for 10‐mg aliquots of halite exceeds the instrumental error (about ±1.5‰ 2σ) determined on the basis of IAEA‐CH7, NBS 30, and NBS 22 references along with calibrated waters with and without added halite crystals. We also applied this method to Mesoproterozoic (1.4 Ga) and Neoproterozoic (0.8 Ga) halite samples with relatively low hydrogen concentrations (300‐1500 ppm). The measured δ2HVSMOW values for Precambrian waters range from −89‰ to −54‰. We propose that this technique offers a new perspective and great potential for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions based on the 2H/1H analyses of water trapped in halite.
Increasing Incidence of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis as an Indication for Liver Transplantation in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Calzadilla‐Bertot Luis , Jeffrey Gary P. , Jacques Bryon , McCaughan Geoffrey , Crawford Michael , Angus Peter , Jones Robert , Gane Edward , Munn Stephen , Macdonald Graeme , Fawcett Jonathan , Wigg Alan , Chen John , Fink Michael , Adams Leon A.
Published: January 2019

The worldwide increase in obesity and diabetes has led to predictions that nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) will become the leading indication for orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Data supporting this prediction from outside the United States are limited. Thus, we aimed to determine trends in the frequency of NASH among adults listed and undergoing OLT in Australia and New Zealand (ANZ) from 1994 to 2017. Data from the ANZ Liver Transplant Registry were analyzed with patients listed for fulminant liver failure, retransplantation, or multivisceral transplants excluded. Nonparametric trend, Spearman rank correlation, and regression analysis were used to assess trends in etiologies of liver disease over time. Of 5016 patient wait‐list registrants, a total of 3470 received an OLT. The percentage of patients with NASH activated for OLT increased significantly from 2.0% in 2003 to 10.9% in 2017 (trend analyses; P < 0.001). In 2017, NASH was the third leading cause of chronic liver disease (CLD) among wait‐list registrants behind chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV; 29.5%) and alcohol (16.1%). Similarly, significant increases over time in the percentage of patients undergoing OLT were observed for HCV and NASH (all trend analyses; P < 0.001) but with significant reductions in primary sclerosing cholangitis and cryptogenic cirrhosis (both P < 0.05). By 2017, NASH was the third leading cause of liver disease among patients undergoing OLT (12.4%) and behind chronic HCV (30.2%) and alcohol (18.2%). NASH also became the third most frequent etiology of CLD in patients transplanted (13.8%) with concomitant hepatocellular carcinoma by 2017. In conclusion, NASH is increasing as a primary etiology of liver disease requiring listing and liver transplantation in ANZ.
Arabidopsis bioinformatics resources: The current state, challenges, and priorities for the future
Authors:   International Arabidopsis Informatics Consortium
Published: January 2019

Effective research, education, and outreach efforts by the Arabidopsis thaliana community, as well as other scientific communities that depend on Arabidopsis resources, depend vitally on easily available and publicly‐shared resources. These resources include reference genome sequence data and an ever‐increasing number of diverse data sets and data types. TAIR (The Arabidopsis Information Resource) and Araport (originally named the Arabidopsis Information Portal) are community informatics resources that provide tools, data, and applications to the more than 30,000 researchers worldwide that use in their work either Arabidopsis as a primary system of study or data derived from Arabidopsis. Four years after Araport's establishment, the IAIC held another workshop to evaluate the current status of Arabidopsis Informatics and chart a course for future research and development. The workshop focused on several challenges, including the need for reliable and current annotation, community‐defined common standards for data and metadata, and accessible and user‐friendly repositories/tools/methods for data integration and visualization. Solutions envisioned included (a) a centralized annotation authority to coalesce annotation from new groups, establish a consistent naming scheme, distribute this format regularly and frequently, and encourage and enforce its adoption. (b) Standards for data and metadata formats, which are essential, but challenging when comparing across diverse genotypes and in areas with less‐established standards (e.g., phenomics, metabolomics). Community‐established guidelines need to be developed. (c) A searchable, central repository for analysis and visualization tools. Improved versioning and user access would make tools more accessible. Workshop participants proposed a “one‐stop shop” website, an Arabidopsis “Super‐Portal” to link tools, data resources, programmatic standards, and best practice descriptions for each data type. This must have community buy‐in and participation in its establishment and development to encourage adoption.
Post‐harvest management control of Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae): new insights through essential oil encapsulation in cyclodextrin
Authors: Abada Maha Ben , Hamdi Soumaya Haouel , Gharib Riham , Messaoud Chokri , Fourmentin Sophie , Greige‐Gerges Hélène , Jemâa Jouda Mediouni Ben
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND

Essential oils are reported to be bio‐insecticides. However, problems related to their volatility, oxidation and poor water solubility need to be solved before they can be considered as replacement pest control methods. Thus, an appropriate formulation is needed for commercial use. In this work, a new control method based on the use of a powdered cyclodextrin (CD)/1,8‐cineole inclusion complex was assessed against larvae and adults of Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller) in comparison with two Rosmarinus officinalis (L.) essential oils, free 1,8‐cineole (oils major compound) and a mixture of 50% CD/1,8‐cineole inclusion complex and 50% free 1,8‐cineole.

RESULTS

Solid CD/1,8‐cineole complex was more toxic against E. ceratoniae larvae than the two crude essential oils. At a concentration of 15 µL liter−1 air, the respective mortalities were 94.12%, 35.29% and 19.61% for solid CD/1,8‐cineole complex, Thala and Cap Zbib oils after 37 days of exposure. Moreover, the solid CD/1,8‐cineole complex achieved 5% adult emergence versus 68.33% for Cap Zbib and 55% for Thala oils. The half‐life of solid CD/1,8‐cineole inclusion complex (10.98 days) was considerably longer than that of the mixture (7.53 days) or free 1,8‐cineole (3.43 days).

CONCLUSION

This work highlights the utility of essential oil encapsulation in CD to overcome restrictions when used to control the date moth E. ceratoniae during storage. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Transcription factors CncC/Maf and AhR/ARNT coordinately regulate the expression of multiple GSTs conferring resistance to chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin inSpodoptera exigua
Authors: Hu Bo , Huang He , Wei Qi , Ren Miaomiao , Mburu David K , Tian Xiangrui , Su Jianya
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND

GlutathioneS‐transferases (GSTs) are a superfamily of multifunctional dimeric proteins existing in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. They are involved in the detoxification of both endogenous and exogenous electrophiles, including insecticides. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of GST genes in insects are poorly understood.

RESULTS

We first identified at least three GST genes involved in resistance to the insecticides chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin. Analysis of upstream sequences revealed that three GSTs (SeGSTo2,SeGSTe6andSeGSTd3) harbor the same cap ‘n’ collar C/muscle aponeurosis fibromatosis (CncC/Maf) binding site, andSeGSTo2andSeGSTe6contain the aryl hydrocarbon receptor/aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (AhR/ARNT) binding site. Luciferase reporter assay showed co‐transfection of reporter plasmid containing the SeGSTe6 promoter with CncC and/or Maf expressing constructs significantly boosted transcription. Similarly, AhR and/or ARNT expressing constructs also significantly increased the promoter activities. The co‐transfection of mutated reporter plasmid with CncC/Maf or AhR/ARNT did not increase transcription activity anymore. Constitutive over‐expression of CncC, Maf and AhR was also found in the HZ16 strain, which might be the molecular mechanism for up‐regulated expression of multiple detoxification genes conferring resistance to insecticides.

CONCLUSION

These results suggest that CncC/Maf and AhR/ARNT coordinately regulate the expression of multiple GST genes involved in insecticide resistance inSpodoptera exigua. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Two delta class glutathione S‐transferases involved in the detoxification of malathion in Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)
Authors: Meng Li‐Wei , Yuan Guo‐Rui , Lu Xue‐Ping , Jing Tian‐Xing , Zheng Li‐Sha , Yong Han‐Xiao , Wang Jin‐Jun
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND

The oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), a widespread agricultural pest, has evolved resistance to many insecticides, including organophosphorus compounds. Glutathione S‐transferases (GSTs) are involved in xenobiotic detoxification and insecticide resistance in many insects. However, the role of delta class GSTs in detoxifying malathion in B. dorsalis is unknown. Here, we evaluated the roles of two delta class GSTs in malathion detoxification in this species.

RESULTS

Two delta class GSTs genes, BdGSTd1 and BdGSTd10, were characterized in B. dorsalis. They were highly expressed in 5‐day‐old adults, as well as in midgut and Malpighian tubules. Upon malathion exposure, the two genes were upregulated by 2.63‐ and 2.85‐fold, respectively. Injection of double‐stranded RNA targeting BdGSTd1 or BdGSTd10 significantly reduced their mRNA levels in adults and also significantly increased adult susceptibility to malathion. The expression of these two GSTs in Escherichia coli helped the host to endure malathion stress at a concentration of 10 µg mL−1 according to a Cell Counting Kit‐8 assay. High‐performance liquid chromatography analyses indicated that malathion could be significantly depleted by the two delta GSTs. The role of BdGSTd10 in malathion sequestration was also discussed.

CONCLUSION

BdGSTd1 and BdGSTd10 play important roles in the detoxification of malathion in B. dorsalis. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Stability of neonicotinoid sensitivity in Frankliniella fusca populations found in agroecosystems of the southeastern USA
Authors: Chappell Thomas M , Huseth Anders S , Kennedy George G
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND

Insecticide resistance arises at a given location in response to selection acting on novel genotypes or standing variation, or allelic migration. Fitness costs of resistance may slow resistance evolution or result in reversion to susceptibility, but consistent and geographically widespread use of insecticides may provide sufficient selection to offset the fitness costs of resistance. Understanding this relationship is important to the success of insecticide resistance management. We report the existence of fitness costs of neonicotinoid resistance in field‐collected populations of the tobacco thrips (Frankliniella fusca), which increasingly challenge upland cotton production in the southeastern USA.

RESULTS

Populations (14 of 15 in 2015; 4 of 5 in 2016) investigated showed a loss of resistance to imidacloprid after multiple generations without exposure to the insecticide. Populations studied in 2016 were each split into two colonies, and one of each pair was repeatedly exposed to imidacloprid. In three of the four populations that lost resistance, imidacloprid‐exposed colonies lost resistance significantly more slowly than did corresponding unexposed colonies.

CONCLUSION

For imidacloprid resistance to be broadly increasing in the landscapes of the southeastern USA despite fitness costs of resistance, selection for resistance must be sufficient to overcome the costs. Findings encourage investigation into why costs are overcome in this system, potentially including geographic extent of neonicotinoid use or prevalence of low‐dose exposure. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Alter Wall in Hamburg – Stahlbau in Präzision
Authors: Hartmann Claus‐Peter
Published: January 2019

Was sind die Grundvoraussetzungen für Präzision beim Bauen? Gute Planung, die auf das Material und die zu erwartenden Montagebedingungen abgestimmt ist, Fertigung unter Berücksichtigung der Toleranzen und sorgfältige Montage. Das Bauen ist als Einzelfertigung immer wieder besonderen Schwierigkeiten unterworfen. Nicht nur die Materialeigenschaften, sondern insbesondere widrige Bedingungen beeinflussen die Qualität auf der Baustelle. Stahl eröffnet insbesondere durch maximale Vorfertigung im Werk eine gute Möglichkeit, die Präzision beim Bauen zu steigern.
DIN 18008 Glas im Bauwesen – Bemessungs‐ und Konstruktionsregeln
Authors: Siebert Geralt
Published: January 2019

Die Normen der Reihe DIN 18008 geben den Planenden Regelungen und damit Hilfestellung für Bemessung und Konstruktion im konstruktiven Glasbau. Der hierarchische Aufbau von allgemein gültigen Grundlagen in Teil 1 über Regelungen für unterschiedliche Lagerungsvarianten (Teile 2 und 3 für linienförmig und punktförmig gelagerte Konstruktionen) und Zusatzanforderungen in den Teilen 4 bis 6 decken den Großteil möglicher und üblicher Bauaufgaben ab. Das EuGH‐Urteil zu nationalen Zusatzanforderungen an harmonisierte Bauprodukte betrifft auch den Glasbau, die überarbeitete Musterbauordnung und die MVV TB waren die Reaktion der Gremien der Bauaufsicht darauf. Im Zuge der ohnehin angegangenen Überarbeitung der Teile 1 und 2 wurde durch Ergänzung bauartspezifischer Anforderungen ebenfalls auf das EuGH‐Urteil reagiert. Weitere Aspekte der Überarbeitung – insbesondere das verstärkte Referenzieren von Schadensfolgeklassen – für differenzierte Nachweisformate und zur Abgrenzung von der europäischen Normung auf Produktebene werden kurz dargestellt.
Supersymmetric AdS6 black holes from F(4) gauged supergravity
Authors: Suh Minwoo
Published: January 2019

Abstract

In F (4) gauged supergravity in six dimensions, we study supersymmetric AdS
6 black holes with various horizon geometries. We find a new

$$ Ad{S}_2 \times {\Sigma}_{\mathfrak{g}1}\times {\Sigma}_{\mathfrak{g}2} $$

Ad

S
2

×

Σ

g
1

×

Σ

g
2

horizon solution with

$$ {\mathfrak{g}}_1>1 $$

g
1

>
1

and

$$ {\mathfrak{g}}_2>1 $$

g
2

>
1

, and present the black hole solution numerically. The full black hole is an interpolating geometry between the asymptotically AdS
6 boundary and the

$$ Ad{S}_2 \times {\Sigma}_{\mathfrak{g}1}\times {\Sigma}_{\mathfrak{g}2} $$

Ad

S
2

×

Σ

g
1

×

Σ

g
2

horizon. We calculate the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of the black hole and find a match with the recently calculated topologically twisted index of 5d USp(2N) gauge theory on

$$ {\Sigma}_{\mathfrak{g}1}\times {\Sigma}_{\mathfrak{g}2}\times {S}^1 $$

Σ

g
1

×

Σ

g
2

×

S
1

in the large N limit. We also find black hole horizons of Kähler four-cycles in Calabi-Yau fourfolds and on Cayley four-cycles in Spin(7) manifolds.
Effective hopping in holographic Bose and Fermi-Hubbard models
Authors: Fujita Mitsutoshi , Meyer René , Pujari Sumiran , Tezuka Masaki
Published: January 2019

Abstract

In this paper, we analyze a proposed gravity dual to a SU(N) Bose-Hubbard model, as well as construct a holographic dual of a SU(N) Fermi-Hubbard model from D-branes in string theory. In both cases, the SU(N) is dynamical, i.e. the hopping degrees of freedom are strongly coupled to SU(N) gauge bosons which themselves are strongly interacting. The vacuum expectation value (VEV) of the hopping term (i.e. the hopping energy) is analyzed in the gravity dual as a function of the bulk mass of the field dual to the hopping term, as well as of the coupling constants of the model. The bulk mass controls the anomalous dimension (i.e. the critical exponent) of the hopping term in the SU(N) Bose-Hubbard model. We compare the hopping energy to the corresponding result in a numerical simulation of the ungauged SU(N ) Bose-Hubbard model. We find agreement when the hopping parameter is smaller than the other couplings. Our analysis shows that the kinetic energy increases as the bulk mass increases, due to increased contributions from the IR. The holographic Bose-Hubbard model is then compared with the string theory construction of a SU(N) Fermi-Hubbard model. The string theory construction makes it possible to describe fluctuations around a half-filled state in the supergravity limit, which map to

$$ \mathcal{O}(1) $$

O

1

occupation number fluctuations in the Fermi-Hubbard model at half filling. Finally, the VEV of the Bose-Hubbard model is shown to agree with the one of the fermionic Hubbard model with the help of a two-site version of the Jordan-Wigner transformation.
Unsupervised Clustering of Southern Ocean Argo Float Temperature Profiles
Authors: Jones Daniel C. , Holt Harry J. , Meijers Andrew J. S. , Shuckburgh Emily
Published: January 2019

The Southern Ocean has complex spatial variability, characterized by sharp fronts, steeply tilted isopycnals, and deep seasonal mixed layers. Methods of defining Southern Ocean spatial structures traditionally rely on somewhat ad hoc combinations of physical, chemical, and dynamic properties. As a step toward an alternative approach for describing spatial variability in temperature, here we apply an unsupervised classification technique (i.e., Gaussian mixture modeling or GMM) to Southern Ocean Argo float temperature profiles. GMM, without using any latitude or longitude information, automatically identifies several spatially coherent circumpolar classes influenced by the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. In addition, GMM identifies classes that bear the imprint of mode/intermediate water formation and export, large‐scale gyre circulation, and the Agulhas Current, among others. Because GMM is robust, standardized, and automated, it can potentially be used to identify structures (such as fronts) in both observational and model data sets, possibly making it a useful complement to existing classification techniques.
Initialization and Ensemble Generation for Decadal Climate Predictions: A Comparison of Different Methods
Authors: Polkova Iuliia , Brune Sebastian , Kadow Christopher , Romanova Vanya , Gollan Gereon , Baehr Johanna , Glowienka‐Hense Rita , Greatbatch Richard J. , Hense Andreas , Illing Sebastian , Köhl Armin , Kröger Jürgen , Müller Wolfgang A. , Pankatz Klaus , Stammer Detlef
Published: January 2019

Five initialization and ensemble generation methods are investigated with respect to their impact on the prediction skill of the German decadal prediction system “Mittelfristige Klimaprognose” (MiKlip). Among the tested methods, three tackle aspects of model‐consistent initialization using the ensemble Kalman filter, the filtered anomaly initialization, and the initialization method by partially coupled spin‐up (MODINI). The remaining two methods alter the ensemble generation: the ensemble dispersion filter corrects each ensemble member with the ensemble mean during model integration. And the bred vectors perturb the climate state using the fastest growing modes. The new methods are compared against the latest MiKlip system in the low‐resolution configuration (Preop‐LR), which uses lagging the climate state by a few days for ensemble generation and nudging toward ocean and atmosphere reanalyses for initialization. Results show that the tested methods provide an added value for the prediction skill as compared to Preop‐LR in that they improve prediction skill over the eastern and central Pacific and different regions in the North Atlantic Ocean. In this respect, the ensemble Kalman filter and filtered anomaly initialization show the most distinct improvements over Preop‐LR for surface temperatures and upper ocean heat content, followed by the bred vectors, the ensemble dispersion filter, and MODINI. However, no single method exists that is superior to the others with respect to all metrics considered. In particular, all methods affect the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in different ways, both with respect to the basin‐wide long‐term mean and variability and with respect to the temporal evolution at the 26° N latitude.
Bachmann and Yizengaw Receive 2018 Joanne Simpson Medal
Authors:   AGU
Published: January 2019

Olivier Bachmann and Endawoke Yizengaw were awarded the 2018 Joanne Simpson Medal at the AGU Fall Meeting Honors Ceremony on 12 December 2018 in Washington, D. C. The medal is for “significant contributions to the Earth and space sciences by an outstanding mid-career scientist.”
Theoretical analysis of crystallization by homogeneous nucleation of water droplets
Authors: Tanaka Kyoko K. , Kimura Yuki
Published: January 2019

We propose a novel method for analyzing the crystallization process from supercooled water droplets.
The role of nitrogen defects in graphitic carbon nitride for visible-light-driven hydrogen evolution
Authors: Xue Jiawei , Fujitsuka Mamoru , Majima Tetsuro
Published: January 2019

Extending the light absorption range of g-C3N4 by introducing N defects may be accompanied by some negative factors for the photocatalytic activity.
Methimazolyl based diptych bicyclo-[3.3.0]-ruthenaboratranes
Authors: Ma Chenxi , Hill Anthony F.
Published: January 2019

The reactions of [RuCl(R)(CO)(PPh3)2] (R = CHCHPh, Ph) with Na[H2B(mt)2] (mt = N-methyl-2-mercaptoimidazolyl) transiently provide [Ru(R)(CO)(PPh3){κ3-H,S,S′-H2B(mt)2}] which each evolve to the ruthenaboratrane [Ru(CO)(PPh3)2{κ3-B,S,S′-BH(mt)2}](Ru→B)8.
Trifluoromethyl-substituted selenium ylide: a broadly applicable electrophilic trifluoromethylating reagent
Authors: Ge Hangming , Shen Qilong
Published: January 2019

An easily available, air/moisture insensitive and broadly applicable electrophilic reagent trifluoromethyl-substituted selenium ylide 1a and its reactions with a variety of nucleophiles including β-ketoesters and silyl enol ethers, aryl/heteroaryl boronic acids, electron-rich heteroarenes and sulfinates were described.
Highly enantioselective “inherently chiral” electroactive materials based on a 2,2′-biindole atropisomeric scaffold
Authors: Arnaboldi Serena , Benincori Tiziana , Penoni Andrea , Vaghi Luca , Cirilli Roberto , Abbate Sergio , Longhi Giovanna , Mazzeo Giuseppe , Grecchi Sara , Panigati Monica , Mussini Patrizia Romana
Published: January 2019

The new inherently chiral material shows outstanding chirality manifestations with chiral probes, as well as with circularly polarized light components and electron spins.
Direct solar-to-hydrogen generation by quasi-artificial leaf approach: possibly scalable and economical device
Authors: Patra Kshirodra Kumar , Bharad Pradnya Arunrao , Jain Vanshika , Gopinath Chinnakonda S.
Published: January 2019

Instant hydrogen evolution occurs on shining solar light on to an artificial leaf device made of TiO2/Mn–CdS with a Pt or NiCu-alloy co-catalyst.
Fast photoinduced deformation of hydrogen-bonded supramolecular polymers containing α-cyanostilbene derivative
Authors: Liao Junqiu , Yang Ming , Liu Zui , Zhang Hailiang
Published: January 2019

This is the first example of photoinduced deformation displayed by α-cyanostilbene-based supramolecular polymers.
Convolutional neural network attack on cryptographic circuits
Authors: Yu Weize
Published: January 2019

In this Letter, a novel convolutional neural network (CNN) attack is explored as a new kind of malicious attack to disclose the secret key of cryptographic circuits. A cryptographic circuit with the known secret key is set as the reference model for training the CNNs. Moreover, a matrix that includes the information of an input plaintext and the known secret key of the cryptographic circuit is built as the input training data of the CNNs. A Sigmoid function and a step function are used to normalise and classify the power dissipation of the cryptographic circuit to generate the output training data of the CNNs, respectively. After training the CNNs, a cryptographic circuit with the unknown secret key can be cracked by hypothesising all the possible keys to test the well‐trained CNNs, because the correct secret key enables the CNNs to achieve the highest testing accuracy among all the hypothesised keys. As demonstrated in the results, the proposed CNN attack successfully reveals the secret key of a unprotected (protected) cryptographic circuit after analysing about 500 (100,000) data.
Random access networks with separable schemes
Authors: Ganesan Ghurumuruhan
Published: January 2019

Consider a time slotted multiuser random access network where M users have access to a single channel and each user attempts to send packets in a particular time slot with a certain probability, according to a predetermined access scheme. This forms an interacting system of queues and in this study, the authors consider generic access schemes that satisfy a separability condition and obtain bounds for the stability region, directly using a Lyapunov‐type analysis. They apply their results to the case of random access networks with partial conflicts where any particular user has collision conflicts with only a subset of the other users. Using conflict graphs to quantify the degree of such conflicts, they obtain bounds for the stability region for both deterministic and random conflict graphs that model, respectively, static and mobile networks.
Resilient fusion navigation based on failure influence level evaluation
Authors: Wang Rong , Xiong Zhi , Liu Jianye , Cao Yuxuan
Published: January 2019

Fault subsystems are entirely isolated on the fault‐detected epoch in traditional fault‐tolerant integrated navigation systems. However, this strategy ignores the asymptotic change and component differences of the soft failure influence. This study proposes a resilient fusion navigation algorithm based on the failure influence level evaluation. The failure influence mapped on the local estimation components is modelled. Then, the influential level of soft failure on the locally estimated states is evaluated. The failure influence levels are used for asymptotic resilience tuning in the global fusion. The simulation results indicate that the fault‐tolerant performance under soft failure is improved significantly when using the proposed resilient fusion navigation algorithm based on the failure influence level evaluation.
Distributed track‐to‐track fusion for non‐linear systems with Gaussian mixture noise
Authors: Lu Kelin , Sun Changyin , Fu Qien , Zhu Qian
Published: January 2019

The authors propose a distributed state estimation algorithm based on optimal track‐to‐track fusion for local posteriors in terms of Gaussian mixtures. The track‐to‐track fusion system is implemented with both parallel and sequential structure based on generalised covariance intersection rule. They obtain the optimal fusion coefficients in a computationally efficient manner via Monte Carlo importance sampling method. The Dirac mixture approximation method is proposed for the computation of arbitrary power of a Gaussian mixture density. The resulting Gaussian mixture fusion rule is analytical and applicable to the multi‐sensor case. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the performance advantages of the proposed method in comparison with existing track‐to‐track fusion algorithms.
Joint dynamic spectrum access and target‐matched illumination for cognitive radar
Authors: Palamà Riccardo , Griffiths Hugh , Watson Francis
Published: January 2019

This study addresses a radar architecture to design a waveform that dynamically fits into the gaps in the radio‐frequency spectrum and that matches the target scattering properties. The optimisation metric considered is the mutual information between the received signal and the target impulse response, the maximisation of which makes the radar waveform illuminate a wider number of target spectral components. The proposed scheme is conceived to be part of a cognitive – or fully adaptive – system, which adapts its waveform in a perception‐action cycle, by using a trade‐off between the observation time and the desired performance. In this work, particular attention is paid to analyse how the chosen metric is influenced by external parameters such as the target, interference and clutter power and radar parameters such as the observation time and the transmit power.
Phase analysis‐based stationary clutter suppression under iron‐structures for automotive FMCW radar
Authors: Lee Jingu , Kim Daehyun , Jeong Seonghee , Kim Younglok
Published: January 2019

In this study, to reduce the performance degradation due to iron‐clutter, the authors propose a suppression method for stationary clutter under iron‐structures for an automotive radar using a frequency‐modulation continuous‐wave (FMCW) radar. The presence of a large number of iron‐structures such as iron‐bridges, soundproof walls, and iron‐tunnels creates a harsh environment that deteriorates the associated radar detection performance owing to clutter. To mitigate the adverse effects of clutter, they propose a clutter suppression scheme using up‐ and down‐chirp signals based on an analysis of signal characteristics. In particular, it is shown that the stationary clutters can be suppressed by making that the phases of the up‐chirp and down‐chirp are similar. To experimentally verify the proposed method, 77 GHz FMCW radar data for adaptive cruise control was acquired along a road on which several iron‐structures were located. The experimental results show that using the proposed clutter suppression scheme, the frequency of the moving target was detected well using the proposed clutter suppression scheme in an iron‐clutter‐rich environment. Through the application of the proposed clutter suppression scheme, stable target detection performance of the radar can be obtained.
H∞ LIDAR odometry for spacecraft relative navigation
Authors: Kechagias‐Stamatis Odysseas , Aouf Nabil
Published: January 2019

Current light detection and ranging (LIDAR) based odometry solutions that are used for spacecraft relative navigation suffer from quite a few deficiencies. These include an off‐line training requirement and relying on the iterative closest point (ICP) that does not guarantee a globally optimum solution. To encounter this, the authors suggest a robust architecture that overcomes the problems of current proposals by combining the concepts of 3D local feature matching with an adaptive variant of the H∞ recursive filtering process. Trials on real laser scans of an EnviSat model demonstrate that the proposed architecture affords at least one order of magnitude better accuracy compared to ICP.
Convective cells tracking based on spatio‐temporal context and extended maxima transform using satellite images
Authors: Liu Jia , Liu Chuancai
Published: January 2019

Spontaneous generation, natural dissipation, split, and merger of convective cells within the life cycle of the mesoscale convective system (MCS) is the main problem of most existing tracking algorithms. To address this issue, an algorithm called spatio‐temporal context and extended maxima transform (SCEMT) is proposed for tracking convective cells using satellite infrared image sequences. In order to track convective cells, the presented method uses the extended maxima transform technique to detect convective cells, learning a spatio‐temporal context model, updating scale and variance, and calculating the confidence map of adjacent moments. Case studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in different phases of MCS life cycle. The SCEMT method is evaluated utilising contingency table approach on FY‐2F data sets. This novel method has a good discrimination skill (probability of detection 90%, false alarm ratio 7%, and critical success index 84%), and provides a correct tracking of convection motion.
Dust properties in the cold and hot gas phases of the ATLAS3D early-type galaxies as revealed by AKARI
Authors: Kokusho T. , Kaneda H. , Bureau M. , Suzuki T. , Murata K. , Kondo A. , Yamagishi M. , Tsuchikawa T. , Furuta T.
Published: January 2019

Context. The properties of the dust in the cold and hot gas phases of early-type galaxies (ETGs) are key to understanding ETG evolution.

Aims. We aim to conduct a systematic study of the dust in a large sample of local ETGs, focusing on relations between the dust and the molecular, atomic, and X-ray gas of the galaxies, as well as their environment.

Methods. We estimated the dust temperatures and masses of the 260 ETGs from the ATLAS3D survey, using fits to their spectral energy distributions primarily constructed from AKARI measurements. We also used literature measurements of the cold (CO and H I) and X-ray gas phases.

Results. Our ETGs show no correlation between their dust and stellar masses, suggesting inefficient dust production by stars and/or dust destruction in X-ray gas. The global dust-to-gas mass ratios of ETGs are generally lower than those of late-type galaxies, likely due to dust-poor H I envelopes in ETGs. They are also higher in Virgo Cluster ETGs than in group and field ETGs, but the same ratios measured in the central parts of the galaxies only are independent of galaxy environment. Slow-rotating ETGs have systematically lower dust masses than fast-rotating ETGs. The dust masses and X-ray luminosities are correlated in fast-rotating ETGs, whose star formation rates are also correlated with the X-ray luminosities.

Conclusions. The correlation between dust and X-rays in fast-rotating ETGs appears to be caused by residual star formation, while slow-rotating ETGs are likely well evolved, and have therefore exhausted their dust. These results appear consistent with the postulated evolution of ETGs, whereby fast-rotating ETGs form by mergers of late-type galaxies and associated bulge growth, while slow-rotating ETGs form by (dry) mergers of fast-rotating ETGs. Central cold dense gas appears to be resilient against ram pressure stripping, suggesting that Virgo Cluster ETGs may not suffer strong related suppression of star formation.
Dysfunction of
GRAP
, encoding the GRB2-related adaptor protein, is linked to sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Li Chong , Bademci Guney , Subasioglu Asli , Diaz-Horta Oscar , Zhu Yi , Liu Jiaqi , Mitchell Timothy Gavin , Abad Clemer , Seyhan Serhat , Duman Duygu , Cengiz Filiz Basak , Tokgoz-Yilmaz Suna , Blanton Susan H. , Farooq Amjad , Walz Katherina , Zhai R. Grace , Tekin Mustafa
Published: January 2019

Significance

Specialized cells in the inner ear translate sound into electrical signals for hearing, which are transferred to the brain through the cochlear nerve. Many of the molecular components of the inner ear are currently unknown. This paper uses a genetic approach to identify
GRAP
as a gene mutated in human deafness. In mice, Grap is present at the neuronal fibers innervating the auditory hair cells. The
Drosophila
homolog of the human Grb2-related adaptor protein (GRAP), drk, localizes to the synaptic terminals of neurons, and its disruption leads to hearing organ abnormalities associated with defects in locomotor behavior. We conclude that GRAP/drk plays an indispensable role in hearing.
Gorillas have been infected with the HERV-K (HML-2) endogenous retrovirus much more recently than humans and chimpanzees
Authors: Holloway Joseph R. , Williams Zachary H. , Freeman Michael M. , Bulow Uriel , Coffin John M.
Published: January 2019

Human endogenous retrovirus-K (HERV-K) human mouse mammary tumor virus-like 2 (HML-2) is the most recently active endogenous retrovirus group in humans, and the only group with human-specific proviruses. HML-2 expression is associated with cancer and other diseases, but extensive searches have failed to reveal any replication-competent proviruses in humans. However, HML-2 proviruses are found throughout the catarrhine primates, and it is possible that they continue to infect some species today. To investigate this possibility, we searched for gorilla-specific HML-2 elements using both in silico data mining and targeted deep-sequencing approaches. We identified 150 gorilla-specific integrations, including 31 2-LTR proviruses. Many of these proviruses have identical LTRs, and are insertionally polymorphic, consistent with very recent integration. One identified provirus has full-length ORFs for all genes, and thus could potentially be replication-competent. We suggest that gorillas may still harbor infectious HML-2 virus and could serve as a model for understanding retrovirus evolution and pathogenesis in humans.