bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
More than ticking boxes: Training Lyme disease education ambassadors to meet outreach and surveillance challenges in Québec, Canada
Authors: Forest-Bérard Karl , Ripoche Marion , Irace-Cima Alejandra , Thivierge Karine , Adam-Poupart Ariane
Published: October 2021

Lyme disease (LD) is an emerging public health threat in Canada, associated with the northward range expansion of the black-legged tick (Ixodes scapularis). To address this, public health authorities have been carrying out surveillance activities and awareness campaigns targeting vulnerable populations such as outdoor workers. Implementing these measures is time-consuming and resource-intensive, prompting the assessment of alternatives. Our goal was to evaluate the feasibility and implementation of a training-of-trainers-inspired approach in raising awareness about LD risk and prevention among workers and general population, as well as to evaluate its potential to contribute to provincial LD surveillance efforts. We trained a group of workers from publicly-accessible outdoor parks of the province of Québec to become “LD education ambassadors”. Ambassadors were trained to raise tick and LD awareness, share information on preventive measures in their respective communities, and lead tick sampling activities using a standardised protocol similar to that used by Public Health authorities. Ambassador-led outreach activities, public reach, sampling activities and collected ticks were documented, as well as ambassadors’ satisfaction with the training using forms and semi-structured interviews. In total, 18 ambassadors from 12 organizations were trained. Between June and September 2019, they led 28 independent outreach activities, reaching over 1 860 individuals (from occupational and general public settings) in seven public health units. Ambassadors led 28 tick samplings, together collecting 11 I. scapularis ticks. This study suggests that an adapted training-of-trainers is a feasible approach to raising tick and LD risk awareness among Québec outdoor workers and public. Trained ambassadors have the potential of reaching a large portion of the population visiting or working in outdoor parks while also providing much-needed outreach regarding risk and prevention. Pushing this concept further to include other types of workers and jurisdictions may contribute to national LD surveillance efforts.
“Sometimes I think my frustration is the real issue”: A qualitative study of parents’ experiences of transformation after a parenting programme
Authors: McKay Kathy , Kennedy Eilis , Young Bridget
Published: October 2021

Introduction

Parenting programmes help to alleviate conduct problems in children, but ensuring that all parents feel supported to attend, complete and learn from these programmes has proven difficult. Parents can feel overwhelmed and struggle to change their parenting. This article aims to inform the future refinement of parenting programmes by examining parents’ narratives of how programmes motivated them to change and enabled them to put changes into practice.

Method and results

Forty-two parents, most of whom had attended Incredible Years group sessions, were interviewed about their views and experiences of parenting programmes that focused on positive parenting practices. Analysis of interview transcripts drew on thematic approaches. Parents perceived that parenting programmes helped them to better understand their child and themselves and to let go of anxieties surrounding their child’s behaviour. Better understanding included greater awareness of emotions and of behaviours their child could and could not control. Parents believed this awareness helped them to change the ways that they interacted with their child, which, in turn, helped them and their child to feel calmer. With greater understanding and calmness parents believed they became more able to see for themselves the changes that they could make in their parenting and everyday lives, and to feel more confident in putting these into practice.

Discussion

By supporting parents to reflect on their own and their child’s situation, parents perceived that programmes enabled them to improve interactions with their children without getting stuck in self-blame or feeling overwhelmed. Parents of children whose behaviour remained challenging believed that programmes led to beneficial changes in the way they felt about their child’s behaviours. Enhanced support for reflection by parents could potentially help more families to benefit from parenting programmes.
Collaboration, competition and conflict: The collective labour of fashion photography at US Vogue (1940‐42)
Authors: Van de Casteele Marlène
Published: October 2021

While the figure of the fashion photographer has been widely discussed, little has been written on image-making as a collective endeavour. Fashion photography indeed results from technical innovations, publishing strategies, editorial policies, behind-the-scenes negotiations and, ultimately,
decision-making. This article analyses ‘The Condé Nast Papers’ ‐ a series of internal documents held at the Condé Nast archives in New York ‐ together with US Vogue and Harper’s Bazaar’s editorials and covers to explore how
fashion photographs resulted from the collective labour of photographers, editors, artistic directors and many others in the early 1940s. Through these unique historical sources, this article gives a voice to the workers involved in the making of fashion images and shows how decision-making
and creativity were distributed across occupations. It also unpacks the negotiations, arbitrations and power relations that underpinned work relations at US Vogue, showing the collaboration, competition and conflict between the different actors. Drawing on art sociologist Howard Becker’s
concept of ‘art worlds’ while combining methods from fashion history and visual and material culture, I question the respective status of the multiple authors involved in this activity and the conventions of fashion image-making. In doing so, I argue that fashion photographs are
the product of the interactions of a multitude of workers who are embedded in the power structures of the fashion media industry, and whose collective labour is made invisible. My goal is to rethink the ways in which collective labour has been evidenced and produced in the fashion industry.
Adoption of the One Health approach to improve zoonosis control in low-income countries: Insights from the case of rabies management in Burkina Faso
Authors: Savadogo Madi , Zangré Hamidou , Nana Sougrenoma Désiré , Ilboudo Abdoul Kader , Dahourou Laibané Dieudonné , Ilboudo Sidwatta Guy , Simonis Virginie , Sondo Kongnimissom Apoline , Akakpo Ayayi Justin , Tarnagda Zékiba , Alambedji Rianatou Bada
Published: October 2021

Background and Aim: Rabies is a neglected zoonotic disease transmissible to humans and domestic and wild animals through biting, scratching, or licking. This study aimed to analyze the adoption of the One Health approach by the stakeholders involved in rabies control in Burkina Faso.

Materials and Methods: The stakeholders involved in rabies control were from the Ministry of Livestock, Ministry of Health, Ministry of the Territory Administration, Ministry of Environment and Wildlife, and Ministry of Higher Education and Research. A structured questionnaire was used in face-to-face interviews to collect data from the stakeholders. The collected data included stakeholders' knowledge of rabies and the One Health approach and their levels of involvement in the multisectoral collaboration.

Results: Most participants could not describe rabies correctly (80%), and only 52.9% had heard of the One Health approach. In addition, there was no significant association between knowledge of rabies and participants' characteristics, and the knowledge of the One Health approach was significantly influenced by a participant's affiliation (place of work).

Conclusion: The results call for an increase in One Health education for its effective adoption by all the rabies control stakeholders. Additional efforts should focus on continual training of the One Health workforce, from policy-makers to frontline personnel.
Post-Traumatic Hydrocephalus - A Retrospective Study
Authors: R. Srinivas , Shashank Davuluri Venkata , Mohamed Mohamed
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND Post-traumatic hydrocephalus (PTH) can occur as an outcome of moderate and severe traumatic head injury. It is one of the causes of delayed worsening of the early symptoms of head injury. A total of 18 cases of PTH diagnosed and treated at tertiary care hospitals from 2012 to 2015 were studied. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the clinicoradiological profile of patients diagnosed with posttraumatic hydrocephalus and determine the outcome of ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunting in cases of post-traumatic hydrocephalus. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Neurosurgery in a teaching medical college. The clinicoradiological profile of patients diagnosed with PTH was studied. These cases were treated conservatively as well as by surgery. The demography, cause of trauma, GCS score and response rates were studied. RESULTS Among the 18 reviewed patients, 61.1 % were males, fall and RTA constituted the major cause of trauma. Craniotomy was done in 50 % of the patients, 88.89 % of the patients recovered and the mortality rate was 11.11 %. CONCLUSIONS Post-traumatic hydrocephalus is a consequence of traumatic head injury and can occur with various neurological symptoms after the initial trauma. CT scan of the brain is considered the choice of investigation to early diagnose PTH and the patient outcome after VP shunting is good. KEY WORDS Hydrocephalus, Head Injury, Trauma
Atypical Retinoblastoma Presentation - A Challenge for the Treating Ophthalmologist
Authors: Rahman Siti Amra Abd , Mohammad Ahmad Salehuddin , Khialdin Safinaz Mohd , Sepain Jusoh Siti Norzalehawati
Published: October 2021

Retinoblastoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in children.1 Incidence of retinoblastoma is constant worldwide at one case per 15000–20000 live births, which corresponds to about 9000 new cases every year.2,3 It usually occurs in children under five years of age and can lead to loss of vision, and in extreme cases, death.4 The common signs of its presentation are leukocoria, strabismus, secondary glaucoma, proptosis, anterior chamber inflammatory signs and spontaneous hyphaema.1 Prognosis for vision and survival has significantly improved due to timely diagnosis and improved treatment methods.5
Implementation of Healthy Living Behavior of Early Childhood during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Pangestu Dian Putri , Na’imah Na’imah , Rachmy Diana Raden , Putro Khamim Zarkasih , Saraswati Dandia Ayu
Published: October 2021

Maintaining health is very important to be applied from an early age, especially during the covid-19 pandemic. This is important because children are prone to disease because their immune system is not as strong as adults in general. This study aims to present and describe the implementation of healthy living behaviors of early childhood during the covid-19 pandemic. This research includes a type of field research with a qualitative approach. The data source uses primary data in interviews, observations, documentation, and questionnaires—data analysis techniques using the Miles and Huberman models. The results of this study show that the implementation of healthy living behaviors of early childhood has been carried out well following the proposal of the Directorate of Paud Development in 2020 on four healthy living behaviors in schools, namely: washing hands with soap, drinking water, and eating healthy and hygienic food, as well as disposing of waste in its place and keeping the environment clean and safe.
Preparation of TiO2 Nanoparticles Using H2O2/TiOSO4 and Applications in Eosin Yellow Photocatalytic Degradation
Authors: Hussein Hind I. , Abdulrazzak Firas H.
Published: October 2021

TiO2 was synthesized in this work by chemical route, when the titanium oxysulfato (TiOSO4) react with 4:6 H2O2/H2O after is dissolved in deionized water. The yellow precipitate was drying at 100oC before heat treated at 400°C to obtain crystalline TiO2. The sample were characterized using FT-IR and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy which identified that product was mixture between two form anatase and rutile. The photocatalytic activity of synthesized TiO2 was tested in the degradation of Eousin yellow which compare with two form of TiO2. Evaluated the results was shown that H2O2 was succeed to preparing TiO2 from TiOSO4 with higher activity then anatase and rutile forms.
Resistance to Change and Purchase Intention of Electric Vehicles: Empirical evidence from Vietnam
Authors:   University of Finance-Marketing, Vietnam, Ninh Nguyen Gia
Published: October 2021

On the grounds that psychological factors are increasingly used to better explain the purchase intention of customers towards electric vehicles (EVs), this study aims to examine the critical but less explored roles of resistance to change and the need for uniqueness in the purchase intention of EVs besides other conventional factors such as perceived value or personal norms. In doing so, this study would help governments and managers introduce effective measures to persuade customers to change from traditional internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) to EVs. Data was collected from 175 respondents in Vietnam and PLS-SEM was utilized to analyze the theoretical model. The results illustrate that resistance to change has a significant impact on the purchase intention of EVs. In addition, perceived value has the most significant effects on willingness to pay and purchase intention of EVs. The need for uniqueness also impacts purchase intention through the willingness to pay.
Pengaruh Variasi Waktu Radiasi Plasma Pijar Korona Terhadap Viabilitas, Vigor Benih, Laju Perkecambahan dan Pertumbuhan Kangkung Darat (Ipomoea reptans poir)
Authors: Kuwati Kuwati , Prihastanti Erma
Published: October 2021

Permintaan sayuran semakin lama semakin meningkat. Peningkatan permintaan sayuran harus diimbangi dengan produktivitas. Kangkung darat merupakan sayuran daun yang penting di kawasan Asia. Kandungan gizi kangkung cukup tinggi terutama vitamin A dan vitamin C. Saat ini teknologi plasma dapat digunakan dalam bidang pertanian. Plasma lucutan pijar korona merupakan sumber ion, elektron, dan radikal bebas. Udara bebas mengandung banyak gas yang tidak dapat  terserap langsung oleh tanaman. Radiasi plasma mampu mengionisasi gas dari udara menjadi bentuk ion yang ditembakkan dalam suatu bahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi waktu radiasi plasma terhadap viabilitas, laju perkecambahan dan laju pertumbuhan biji kangkung darat. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium CPR (Center Plasma Research), Universitas Diponegoro. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL), dengan perlakuan perbedaan lama radiasi waktu 0, 10 menit, dan 20 menit dan pengulangan 3 kali. Parameter yang diamati viabilitas, vigor benih, dan laju perkecambahan tanaman kangkung darat. Analisis data menggunakan uji ANOVA dan uji lanjut duncan dengan taraf signifikasi 0.05. Perlakuan radiasi selama 20 menit, 10 menit dan kontrol memberikan hasil rata – rata viabilitas 87%; 73%; dan 53%, laju perkecambahan 2,1 n/hari; 2,1 n/hari; dan 2,08 n/hari  pada kangkung darat. Kata kunci : radiasi, plasma pijar korona, viabilitas, vigor benih
Pengaruh Pematahan Dominansi Apikal terhadap Produktivitas Tanaman Kacang-Kacangan
Authors: Hastuti Endah Dwi , Saptiningsih Endang , Izzati Munifatul
Published: October 2021

Peningkatan konsumsi berbagai jenis kacang-kacangan di Indonesia saat ini mendorong adanya upaya peningkatan produktivitas tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh pematahan dominansi apikal terhadap produktivitas tanaman kacang-kacangan, meliputi waktu pembungaan, jumlah polong, jumlah biji dan berat basah dan berat kering polong, mengkaji sifat polong yang dihasilkan. Penelitian dilakukan pada Laboratorium Biologi Struktur dan Fungsi Tumbuhan, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika Universitas Diponegoro antara April hingga Desember 2018. Materi percobaan meliputi jenis kacang, yaitu kacang kedelai, kacang hijau, kacang tanah, kacang merah dan kacang tolok, sedangkan perlakuan berupa pematahan dominansi apikal dengan pemotongan pucuk tanaman. Analisis data dilakukan dengan ANOVA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya variasi pada waktu pembungaan, jumlah polong, jumlah biji, berat basah dan berat kering polong yang dihasilkan. Perbedaan yang signifikan hanya teramati pada jumlah biji yang dihasilkan berdasarkan jenis kacang. Secara umum, produktivitas kacang merah merupakan yang paling tinggi dengan 7,8 polong/tanaman, namun berdasarkan jumlah biji yang dihasilkan kacang hijau memiliki produktivitas yang paling tinggi dengan 29 biji/tanaman. Sifat polong yang dihasilkan dari masing-masing jenis kacang menunjukkan adanya variasi terhadap rasio berat kering:berat basah yang dihasilkan. Rasio berat kacang yang dihasilkan berturut-turut 87,2%; 72,3%; 33,0%; dan 23,3% masing-masing untuk kacang hijau, kacang merah, kacang kedelai dan kacang tanah. Kata kunci: berat, kacang-kacangan, polong, produktivitas, rasio
Fermentasi Ampas Sagu (FAS) sebagai Pakan Alternatif Untuk Meningkatan Pertumbuhan Bobot Ayam Kampung
Authors: Suebu Yusuf , Tanjung Rosye H.R. , Suharno Suharno
Published: October 2021

Sagu (Metroxylon sagu) merupakan tanaman kelompok palm yang mengandung zat pati tinggi, dan telah dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan pangan pokok bagi masyarakat Papua. Semua bagian dari tanaman ini dimanfaatkan untuk kebutuhan manusia. Namun, ampas sebagai bagian dari sisa produk zat pati belum dimanfaatkan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh fermentasi ampas sagu (FAS) sebagai pakan alternatif untuk pertumbuhan ayam kampung. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 4 perlakuan, yaitu : P0 =Kontrol (PB 100% dan FAS 0%), P1 =PB 96% dan FAS 4%, P2 =PB 92% dan FAS 8%, dan P3 =PB 88% dan FAS 12%. Parameter yang diukur antara lain adalah tinggi badan dan bobot ayam. Analisis dilakukan pada ampas sagu baik sebelum fermentasi maupun setelah proses fermentasi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa FAS mengandung protein kasar, serat kasar, dan lemak kasar mengalami peningkatan masing-masing sebesar 66,5%, 21,1%, 54,5% dibandingkan sebelum dilakukan fermentasi. Perlakuan FAS tidak memberikan pengaruh terhadap peningkatan tinggi tubuh ayam kampung. Perlakuan signifikan nampak pada parameter bobot tubuh ayam     kampung. Peningkatan terbaik bobot ayam terjadi pada perlakuan P1 (PB 96% dan FAS 4%). Perlakuan P1 mampu meningkatkan bobot ayam hingga mencapai 17,8%, sedangkan P2 mencapai 10%. FAS dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai pakan alternatif dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan bobot ayam kampung. Kata kunci : sagu, fermentasi, pertumbuhan, ayam kampung
Struktur Hepar dan Rasio Bobot Hepar Terhadap Bobot Tubuh Mencit (Mus Musculus L.) Jantan Setelah Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol Daun Mimba (Azadirachta Indica A.Juss)
Authors: Fitriani Ratih Nur , Sitasiwi Agung Janika , Isdadiyanto Sri
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui struktur hepar dan rasio bobot hepar terhadap bobot tubuh mencit (Mus musculus L) jantan setelah pemberian ekstrak etanol daun mimba (Azadirachta indica A.Juss). Penelitian ini menggunakan 2 kelompok perlakuan yaitu Kontrol (akuades) dan Perlakuan (mimba). Perlakuan diberikan secara oral selama 21 hari. Hepar ditimbang dan dibuat preparat menggunakan metode parafin dengan pewarnaan Hematoksilin Eosin. Pengukuran diameter hepatosit dilakukan dalam 4 bidang pandang. Bobot hepar dan bobot tubuh digunakan untuk menghitung nilai HSI. Data dianalisis dengan uji t. Hasil analisis menunjukan adanya pengaruh nyata terhadap diameter hepatosit tetapi menunjukan pengaruh tidak nyata terhadap bobot tubuh, bobot hepar dan nilai Hepatosomatik indek (HSI). Hal ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak etanol daun mimba (Azadirachta indica) sebagai obat tradisional dengan dosis 14 mg/KgBB tidak mempengaruhi struktur hepar dan rasio bobot hepar terhadap bobot tubuh mencit (Mus musculus) jantan. Kata kunci : daun mimba, hepar, diameter hepatosit dan HSI
Matematyczne ciało. Wprowadzenie do teorii matematyki ucieleśnionej
Authors: Karoń Aleksandra Irena
Published: October 2021

Mathematics as a field of knowledge and culture presents researchers with many problems, also of a philosophical nature. One of the issues worth considering when considering the nature of mathematics is the theory of embodied mathematics, which links abstract mathematical thinking with the functioning of the human body in its purely physical dimension. This theory, on the one hand, uncovers new information about the yet unknown neural correlates of mathematics, and on the other hand, it poses important philosophical and cultural questions about the place of mathematics and its role in discovering the rules of reality.
On the Codification of International Law
Authors: Winiarski Bohdan
Published: October 2021

The paper is an English translation of O kodyfikacji prawa międzynarodowego by Bohdan Winiarski, published originally in Polish in “Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny” in 1930. The text is published as a part of a jubilee edition of the Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review. 100th Anniversary of the Faculty of Law and Administration” devoted to the achievements of the late Professors of the Faculty of Law and Administration of the Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań.
The Potsdam Agreement as Reflected in Peace Treaties
Authors: Klafkowski Alfons
Published: October 2021

The paper is an English translation of Umowa poczdamska a traktaty pokoju by Alfons Klafkowski, published originally in Polish in “Państwo i Prawo” in 1966. The text is published as a part of a jubilee edition of the “Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review. 100th Anniversary of the Faculty of Law and Administration” devoted to the achievements of the late Professors of the Faculty of Law and Administration of the Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań.
The Autonomy of Treaty Terms
Authors: Michalska Anna
Published: October 2021

The paper is an English translation of Autonomiczność pojęć traktatowych by Anna Michalska published originally in Polish in “Toruński Rocznik Praw Człowieka i Pokoju” in 1993. The text is published as a part of a jubilee edition of the “Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review. 100th Anniversary of the Faculty of Law and Administration” devoted to the achievements of the late Professors of the Faculty of Law and Administration of the Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań.
Copularity of French and Dutch (semi-)copular constructions: a behavioral profile analysis
Authors: Van Wettere Niek
Published: October 2021

This study aims to characterize prototypical copularity in contrast with semi-copulas based on probabilistic distributional traits, which indicate preferential associations rather than absolute restrictions. This evaluation of prototypical copularity will be based on a set of 15 French and Dutch copular verbs. A behavioral profile analysis, involving multiple clustering procedures, will demonstrate that (i) prototypical copulas and semi-copulas are never clustered together in one group and that (ii) the group of prototypical copulas is more homogeneous in comparison with the groups of semi-copulas. Next, the bipartition [prototypical copulas vs. semi-copulas] is examined by means of a Firth logistic regression. Overall, it is shown for both French and Dutch that the pattern [(in)animate subject + prepositional SC] is clearly associated with the semi-copulas, whereas the pattern [inanimate subject + nominal SC] is the most distinctive for the prototypical copulas.
VSTM1 regulates monocyte/macrophage function via the NF-κB signaling pathway
Authors: Wang Xiao-Fei , En-Zhou  , Li Dong-Jiu , Mao Cheng-Yu , He Qing , Zhang Jun-Feng , Fan Yu-Qi , Wang Chang-Qian
Published: October 2021

Objective

V-set and transmembrane domain-containing protein 1 (VSTM1) is negatively correlated with inflammation. However, its effect on atherosclerosis (AS) remains largely unexplored. In this study, we aimed to assess the effect of VSTM1 on the biological function of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells /macrophages stimulated by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL).

Methods

U937 cells were divided into three groups as follows: control group, pLenti-VSTM1 shRNA group (VSTM1 depletion), and pLenti-VSTM1 group (VSTM1 overexpression). Cellular migration, chemotaxis, apoptosis, and secretion of inflammatory factors of monocytes/macrophages stimulated by ox-LDL were studied.

Results

Overexpression of VSTM1 decreased the proliferation of U937 cells and induced cellular apoptosis. Depletion of VSTM1 enhanced the invasiveness and chemotaxis, increased the inflammatory response, and reduced the incidence of cell necrosis and apoptosis. Nuclear factor κ of B cells (NF-κB) was activated in VSTM1-depleted U937 cells.

Conclusion

VSTM1 might play an important role in the activation of monocytes/macrophages and participate in the pathogenesis of AS via regulating NF-κB activity.
Modeling Physiological Sources of Heading Bias from Optic Flow
Authors: Yumurtaci Sinan , Layton Oliver W.
Published: October 2021

Human heading perception from optic flow is accurate for directions close to the straight-ahead and systematic biases emerge in the periphery (Cuturi and Macneilage, 2013; Sun et al., 2020). In pursuit of the underlying neural mechanisms, primate brain dorsal medial superior temporal (MSTd) area has been a focus because of its causal link with heading perception (Gu et al., 2012). Computational models generally explain heading sensitivity in individual MSTd neurons as a feedforward integration of motion signals from medial temporal (MT) area that resemble full-field optic flow patterns consistent with the preferred heading direction (Britten, 2008; Mineault et al., 2012). In the present simulation study, we quantified within the structure of this feedforward model how physiological properties of MT and MSTd shape heading signals. We found that known physiological tuning characteristics generally supported the accuracy of heading estimation, but not always. A weak-to-moderate overrepresentation of peripheral headings in MSTd garnered the highest accuracy and precision out of the models that we tested. The model also performed well when noise corrupted high proportions of the optic flow vectors. Such a peripheral MSTd model performed well when units possessed a range of receptive field (RF) sizes and were strongly direction tuned. Physiological biases in MT direction tuning toward the radial direction also supported heading estimation, but the tendency for MT preferred speed and RF size to scale with eccentricity did not. Our findings help elucidate the extent to which different physiological tuning properties influence the accuracy and precision of neural heading signals.
Schizophrenia-Linked Protein tSNARE1 Regulates Endosomal Trafficking in Cortical Neurons
Authors: Plooster Melissa , Rossi Guendalina , Farrell Martilias S. , McAfee Jessica C. , Bell Jessica L. , Ye Michael , Diering Graham H. , Won Hyejung , Gupton Stephanie L. , Brennwald Patrick
Published: October 2021

TSNARE1, which encodes the protein tSNARE1, is a high-confidence gene candidate for schizophrenia risk, but nothing is known about its cellular or physiological function. We identified the major gene products ofTSNARE1and their cytoplasmic localization and function in endosomal trafficking in cortical neurons. We validated three primary isoforms ofTSNARE1expressed in human brain, all of which encode a syntaxin-like Qa SNARE domain. RNA-sequencing data from adult and fetal human brain suggested that the majority of tSNARE1 lacks a transmembrane domain that is thought to be necessary for membrane fusion. Biochemical data demonstrate that tSNARE1 can compete with Stx12 for incorporation into an endosomal SNARE complex, supporting its possible role as an inhibitory SNARE. Live-cell imaging in cortical neurons from mice of both sexes demonstrated that brain tSNARE1 isoforms localized to the endosomal network. The most abundant brain isoform, tSNARE1c, localized most frequently to Rab7+late endosomes, and endogenous tSNARE1 displayed a similar localization in human neural progenitor cells and neuroblastoma cells. In mature rat neurons from both sexes, tSNARE1 localized to the dendritic shaft and dendritic spines, supporting a role for tSNARE1 at the postsynapse. Expression of either tSNARE1b or tSNARE1c, which differ only in their inclusion or exclusion of an Myb-like domain, delayed the trafficking of the dendritic endosomal cargo Nsg1 into late endosomal and lysosomal compartments. These data suggest that tSNARE1 regulates endosomal trafficking in cortical neurons, likely by negatively regulating early endosomal to late endosomal trafficking.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSchizophrenia is a severe and polygenic neuropsychiatric disorder. Understanding the functions of high-confidence candidate genes is critical toward understanding how their dysfunction contributes to schizophrenia pathogenesis.TSNARE1is one of the high-confidence candidate genes for schizophrenia risk, yet nothing was known about its cellular or physiological function. Here we describe the major isoforms ofTSNARE1and their cytoplasmic localization and function in the endosomal network in cortical neurons. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that the majority of brain tSNARE1 acts as a negative regulator to endolysosomal trafficking.
Contralateral Projection of Anterior Cingulate Cortex Contributes to Mirror-Image Pain
Authors: Hu Su-Wan , Zhang Qi , Xia Sun-Hui , Zhao Wei-Nan , Li Qi-Ze , Yang Jun-Xia , An Shuming , Ding Hai-Lei , Zhang Hongxing , Cao Jun-Li
Published: October 2021

Long-term limb nerve injury often leads to mirror-image pain (MIP), an abnormal pain sensation in the limb contralateral to the injury. Although it is clear that MIP is mediated in part by central nociception processing, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is a key brain region that receives relayed peripheral nociceptive information from the contralateral limb. In this study, we induced MIP in male mice, in which a unilateral chronic constrictive injury of the sciatic nerve (CCI) induced a decreased nociceptive threshold in both hind limbs and an increased number of c-Fos-expressing neurons in the ACC both contralateral and ipsilateral to the injured limb. Using viral-mediated projection mapping, we observed that a portion of ACC neurons formed monosynaptic connections with contralateral ACC neurons. Furthermore, the number of cross-callosal projection ACC neurons that exhibited c-Fos signal was increased in MIP-expressing mice, suggesting enhanced transmission between ACC neurons of the two hemispheres. Moreover, selective inhibition of the cross-callosal projection ACC neurons contralateral to the injured limb normalized the nociceptive sensation of the uninjured limb without affecting the increased nociceptive sensation of the injured limb in CCI mice. In contrast, inhibition of the non–cross-callosal projection ACC neurons contralateral to the injury normalized the nociceptive sensation of the injured limb without affecting the MIP exhibited in the uninjured limb. These results reveal a circuit mechanism, namely, the cross-callosal projection of ACC between two hemispheres, that contributes to MIP and possibly other forms of contralateral migration of pain sensation.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMirror-image pain (MIP) refers to the increased pain sensitivity of the contralateral body part in patients with chronic pain. This pathology requires central processing, yet the mechanisms are less known. Here, we demonstrate that the cross-callosal projection neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) contralateral to the injury contribute to MIP exhibited in the uninjured limb, but do not affect nociceptive sensation of the injured limb. In contrast, the non–cross-callosal projection neurons in the ACC contralateral to the injury contribute to nociceptive sensation of the injured limb, but do not affect MIP exhibited in the uninjured limb. Our study depicts a novel cross-callosal projection of ACC that contributes to MIP, providing a central mechanism for MIP in chronic pain state.
Moldova's Relations with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the Second Half of the 14th Century – Beginning of the 15th Century (until the Treaty of Lublau in 1412)
Authors:   Institute of History of Academy of Sciences of Moldova (Republic of Moldova, Chisinau), Constantinov Valentin
Published: October 2021

In the middle and second half of the 14th century, significant territorial changes took place in Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. The old political structures, which by that time had outlived their usefulness, were replaced by new ones: the revived Kingdom of Poland, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and the Moldavian principality. These changes took place in a fierce struggle, with confrontations on the battlefield giving way to confrontations on the diplomatic front. In addition to the above-mentioned political formations, the Hungarian king also had an important place in this struggle. Louis the Great of Anjou at one time united the Hungarian and Polish crown into his own hands, after the death of Casimir the Great Polish king who had no male offspring. The Moldovan rulers took advantage of the international political conjuncture in this space, who skillfully conducted their foreign policy based on the principle of the balance of power. First, the problem of heredity in Poland and then in the Hungarian kingdom itself undoubtedly contributed to the strengthening of a still very young state that appeared in the middle of the 14th century, first as a Hungarian march, and which was tasked with moving eastward, and then as an independent state. However, at that time, every political entity had a suzerain, which gave him the right to exist. Vasal addiction varied from case to case. In turn, when such an opportunity arose, the Moldovan rulers could change their overlords based on political interest. In this, they used the strength and power of the Lithuanian princes. At first, being in allied relations with the Koriatovichs, the Moldovan rulers strengthened their state, and then, by the will of fate, they developed friendly relations with Vitovt / Alexander and tried not to spoil relations with him, participating in those planned through the Grand Duke of Lithuania. A special test for the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania was the war with the Teutonic Order, which broke out in 1409. The Moldavian soldiers again took part in the Battle of Grunwald in 1410. However, the problem was that the Teutons were supported by the Hungarian king, Sigismund of Luxembourg, who wanted to return the Hungarian influence in Moldova. Thus, the Moldavian principality was drawn into the tangle of international relations in this area where the Grand Duchy of Lithuania was of great importance.
Acceptance of Swedish Protection by J. Radziwill in 1655: Contemporaries’ Assessments and Hetman’ Motives
Authors:   Kamianets-Podіlskyi National Ivan Ohiienko University (Ukraine, Kamianets-Podilskyi), Juga Oleksandr
Published: October 2021

The article highlights the perception and assessments of contemporaries of the Grand Hetman of Lithuania Janusz Radziwill's acceptance of Swedish protection in 1655 and examines the reasons for such a step by the Hetman through the prism of his own vision and understanding of the then difficult situation of the principality and ways out. It is determined that after the attack of Swedish troops on the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the summer of 1655, the situation of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania deteriorated sharply, as its territory became the epicenter of military confrontation (at the same time the war with the Moscow state). In such a situation, J. Radziwill and part of the political elite considered the adoption of Swedish protection to be an effective means of saving the principality. It is established that his step provoked the accusation of contemporaries of betraying the Commonwealth and King Jan Casimir. It was found that the important reason for J. Radziwill's acceptance of Swedish protection was the lack of support from Warsaw in the face of a military threat to the principality from Sweden and Muscovy, and thus the impossibility of fighting them at the same time. The factor that prompted the hetman to take such a step was the capture of Vilna by Russian troops and the capitulation of the crown army near Uyscem in late July 1655. On the one hand, Lithuania's acceptance of the protection of the Swedish monarch threatened the integrity of the Commonwealth, which according to the results of the Union of Lublin in 1569 was proclaimed a state of two components – the Crown and Lithuania. However, on the other hand, given the fact that Lithuania was left alone with the military aggression of Muscovy and Sweden, it was an attempt to save the principality and strengthen its political influence.
«On the Model of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania»: Prospects of Integration of Cossack Ukraine into Compound of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1658–1659 (Expectations and Realities)
Authors:   Kamianets-Podіlskyi National Ivan Ohiienko University (Ukraine, Kamianets-Podilskyi), Hazin Volodymyr
Published: October 2021

The article explores the discursive questions connected with the preparation and conclusion of the Ukrainian-Polish treaty of Hadiach in 1658. In particular, the content of the agreement and factors that led to the fact that the idea of the Hadiach treaty (realignment of the Commonwealth into a state of three nationalities) remained unrealised are analysed. The attention was paid to the fact that Polish-Ukrainian negotiations and the conclusion of the agreement in the set near Hadiach in 1658 were conditioned by a number of factors relating to the current Ukrainian-Polish, Ukrainian-Moscow and Polish-Moscow relations. The prime factor that made the Hetman’s government of Ivan Vyhovsky negotiate with the authorities of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was the fact that it looked for a medium of reconciliation and further state development of Ukraine because there was a growing threat from Moscow. In Warsaw, in return, having made the most from the dire situation of Ukraine, the authorities longed for solving the “Ukrainian question” by the peaceful return of the lost Ukrainian territories in 1648. They also hoped that in the context of successful development of negotiations with Chigirin, it would be possible to get an advantage over Moscow in the long-running confrontation over dominance in CEE. The content of the treaty of Hadiach that was worked out during the long negotiations mirrored the trend when the Ukrainian part, which was more interested and acted with a weak diplomatic hand, had to agree to the terms dictated by Warsaw. Although, in general, the position of Ukraine in the reformed Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth should have resembled the position of Lithuania, Chigirin was forced to accept territorial restrictions, Warsaw's refusal to liquidate the church union, and so on. The author concluded that the prime factor, which eventually led to the collapse of the idea of Hadiach, was the reluctance of the Polish political elite to recognise equal rights for Ukraine and the Cossacks, and the fact that Warsaw sleepwalked when Moscow troops invaded Ukraine and Hetman Vyhovsky desperately needed the promised help.
Private Housing of the Second Half of the 13th – the Beginning of the 15th Century from Archaeological Research in Kamianets-Podilskyi on Tatarska street, 17/1
Authors:   Kamianets-Podilskyi State Historical Museum-Reserve (Ukraine, Kamianets-Podilsky), Starenkyi Ihor , Levinzon Levinzon ,   National University of "Kyiv-Mohyla Academy"
Published: October 2021

The article describes the archaeological research conducted in Kamianets-Podilskyi on Tatarska Street, 17/1 in 2018. In this area, an intact archeological complex, rare for the territory of Podillya, was discovered and studied in the second half of the 13th - beginning of the 15th centuries, which corresponds to the time when these lands were part of the Golden Horde and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Archaeological excavations have revealed a private dwelling sunk into the mainland with a pit-cold frame-pillar structure. This housing is fundamentally different from the complex excavated in 2017 at the same time at 12 Pyatnytska Street, where the housing was a frame-pillar filled with clay. During the works, numerous materials were discovered, which made it possible for the first time to develop a typology of ceramics for the second half of the 13th - early 15th centuries for the territory of Podillya. First of all, 13 types of pots of four chronological periods were identified (the second half of the 13th - the beginning of the 14th century, the first half - the middle of the 14th century, the second half of the 14th century and the beginning - the first third of the 15th century). In turn, some types are divided into subtypes. As for the decoration of these products, their bodies were often decorated with a wavy indented line, corrugation, lines of oblique indented notches, lines of rounded indentations and painting in black paint. Jars, bowls and makitry are described separately according to morphological features. An amphora of the Lithuanian era turned out to be a valuable find. In addition, a clay ball, a denarius of Vladislav Jagail and a fragment of a metal product (chisel?) Were found during the works.
IMPROVEMENT OF PEARL MILLET (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. BR) PROLAMIN EXTRACTABILITY: CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES
Authors: Bibi Rafika , Mokrane Hind , Khaladi Khaled , Amoura Houria
Published: October 2021

Pearl millet is a gluten free cereal resistant to drought, diseases and pests. The major protein fraction in pearl millet is prolamin the alcohol soluble fraction called pennisetin. Researches on the factors affecting pennisetin extraction and on its functional properties are still very scant. In this paper, the effect of temperature, reducing agents (β-mercaptoethanol, dithiothreitol or sodium metabisulfite) and sodium hydroxide on pennisetin extraction was assessed. Samples were characterized by protein and amino acid (AA) analysis, SDS-Page and reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Pennisetin was extracted with high protein purity (90.1%) from pearl millet grain flour (PMF) using 70% aqueous ethanol containing 1% sodium metabisulfite and 0.2% sodium hydroxide at 60°C. SDS-Page confirmed pennisetin extraction and showed three subunits corresponding to the 27-, 22- and 12 kDa-pennisetins. The percentage of essential amino acids in pennisetin (68.55%) was higher than that in PMF (41.64%). The hydrophobic character of pennisetin was confirmed by the presence of 45.49% of hydrophobic amino acids. Functional properties of pennisetin and PMF were investigated. Compared to PMF, pennisetin exhibited comparable oil and water binding capacities and higher foaming capacity and emulsifying activity index but with lower emulsion stability. Pennisetin functional properties were similar or lower relatively to common used proteins of wheat, sorghum, rice or peanut. Excluding water, oil binding and foam capacities, all the functional properties of pennisetin and PMF were significantly different (p≤0.05).The findings suggest increasing the use of pennisetin and PMF as nutritional and health promoting agent for vegans and celiac patients.
Interconception Care and Safe Sleep: Adapting the IMPLICIT Toolkit for Pediatrics
Authors: Scott Emily , Casavan Kara , Swigonski Nancy
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND

A woman’s health in the interconception period has an impact on birth outcomes. Pediatric visits offer a unique opportunity to provide interconception care (ICC). Our aim was to screen and provide interconception and safe sleep screening, counseling, and interventions for 50% of caregivers of children <2 years of age in a pediatric medical setting.

METHODS

Two pediatric clinics implemented the March of Dimes’ Interventions to Minimize Preterm and Low Birth Weight Infants Through Continuous Improvement Techniques (IMPLICIT) toolkit, in addition to standardized safe sleep assessments. A quality improvement learning collaborative was formed with a local “infant mortality champion” leading quality improvement efforts. Monthly webinars with the clinic teams reviewed project successes and challenges. Framework for Reporting Adaptations and Modifications was used to document adaptations.

RESULTS

For each individual IMPLICIT domain, clinics screened and provided needed interventions for ICC and safe sleep in >50% of eligible encounters. Over the course of the quality improvement learning collaborative, the number of caregivers screened for at least 4 of the 5 IMPLICIT domains increased from 0% to 95%.

CONCLUSIONS

To successfully implement the IMPLICIT toolkit in pediatrics, adaptations were made to the existing model, which had previously been used in family medicine clinics. Pediatricians should consider providing ICC as an innovative way to impact infant mortality rates in their community. Framework for Reporting Adaptations and Modifications can be used to systematically describe the adaptations needed to improve the fit of IMPLICIT in the pediatric clinic, understand the process of change and potential application to local context.
Birth Hospital Length of Stay and Rehospitalization During COVID-19
Authors: Handley Sara C. , Gallagher Kieran , Breden Amy , Lindgren Eric , Lo Justin Y. , Son Moeun , Murosko Daria , Dysart Kevin , Lorch Scott A. , Greenspan Jay , Culhane Jennifer F. , Burris Heather H.
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVES

To determine if birth hospitalization length of stay (LOS) and infant rehospitalization changed during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) era among healthy, term infants.

METHODS

Retrospective cohort study using Epic’s Cosmos data from 35 health systems of term infants discharged ≤5 days of birth. Short birth hospitalization LOS (vaginal birth <2 midnights; cesarean birth <3 midnights) and, secondarily, infant rehospitalization ≤7 days after birth hospitalization discharge were compared between the COVID-19 (March 1 to August 31, 2020) and prepandemic eras (March 1 to August 31, 2017, 2018, 2019). Mixed-effects models were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) comparing the eras.

RESULTS

Among 202 385 infants (57 110 from the COVID-19 era), short birth hospitalization LOS increased from 28.5% to 43.0% for all births (vaginal: 25.6% to 39.3%, cesarean: 40.1% to 61.0%) during the pandemic and persisted after multivariable adjustment (all: aOR 2.30, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.25–2.36; vaginal: aOR 2.12, 95% CI 2.06–2.18; cesarean: aOR 3.01, 95% CI 2.87–3.15). Despite shorter LOS, infant rehospitalizations decreased slightly during the pandemic (1.2% to 1.1%); results were similar in adjusted analysis (all: aOR 0.83, 95% CI 0.76–0.92; vaginal: aOR 0.82, 95% CI 0.74–0.91; cesarean: aOR 0.87, 95% CI 0.69–1.10). There was no change in the proportion of rehospitalization diagnoses between eras.

CONCLUSIONS

Short infant LOS was 51% more common in the COVID-19 era, yet infant rehospitalization within a week did not increase. This natural experiment suggests shorter birth hospitalization LOS among family- and clinician-selected, healthy term infants may be safe with respect to infant rehospitalization, although examination of additional outcomes is needed.