bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Arctic multilayered, mixed‐phase cloud processes revealed in millimeter‐wave cloud radar Doppler spectra
Authors: Verlinde Johannes , Rambukkange Mahlon P. , Clothiaux Eugene E. , McFarquhar Greg M. , Eloranta Edwin W.
Published: November 2013

Cloud radar Doppler velocity spectra, lidar backscattering coefficients and depolarization ratios, and aircraft in situ measurements are used to investigate microphysical processes occurring in a case of multilayered, mixed‐phase clouds over the North Slope of Alaska. Some liquid‐cloud layers were observed to exist in well‐mixed atmospheric layers, but others were found in absolutely stable atmospheric layers. The observations suggest that strong cloud top cooling was necessary to produce the well‐mixed cloud layers; clouds shielded from radiative cooling by overlaying clouds more frequently existed in absolutely stable layers. The in situ measurements revealed that most liquid layers contained drizzle, the production process of which was shown from the radar and lidar measurements to have been interrupted only during heavier ice‐precipitation events. Different layers interacted with one another by changing the radiative heating profile and by precipitation which changed the growth paths available to cloud particles and even initiated new hydrometeor classes.
Transgression: The Concept
Authors: Jenks Chris
Published: November 2013

Eminent sociologist and author of Transgression (2003), Chris Jenks provides an essential introduction to transgression as a cultural concept. He explores its philosophical roots, its emergence in the radical uncertainty of the early 20th century, and how it came to be most closely associated with the provocative writings of the French intellectual Georges Bataille.
Informalising Architecture: The Challenge of Informal Settlements
Authors: Dovey Kim
Published: November 2013

Transgression is often driven by the power to exercise choice and consciously cross the line. As Kim Dovey, Professor of Architecture and Urban Design at the University of Melbourne, explains, informal settlements, which have grown up globally out of immediate need for shelter and community, and are legally precarious, transgress established codes of ‘land tenure, urban planning, design and construction’. Their condition requires transgression, even if they are subversion through necessity rather than by design. So what is architecture's future role in informal settlements? And what can be learnt from this more ad hoc and incremental model of urban design?
Architecture (and the other 99%): Open‐Source Architecture and Design Commons
Authors: Parvin Alastair
Published: November 2013

Under the current commercial practice model, can architecture ever really be cutting‐edge or egalitarian in its aims? If only 2 per cent of the world's buildings are designed by architects for 1 per cent of the richest clients, is it possible to design for a wide cross section of the population let alone be truly subversive? Alastair Parvin of architecture studio 00 (zero zero) and co‐founder of the Wiki‐House puts the case forward for a whole new model of open‐source practice.
Copper‐Catalyzed α‐Aminoxylation of Ketones with 2,2,6,6‐Tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl (TEMPO)
Authors: Xie Ye‐Xiang , Song Ren‐Jie , Liu Yu , Liu Yan‐Yun , Xiang Jian‐Nan , Li Jin‐Heng
Published: November 2013

An efficient copper‐catalyzed α‐aminoxylation of ketones with 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl (TEMPO) is presented for the synthesis of 2‐aryloxy‐1‐aryl‐2‐(2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐1‐yloxy)ethanones in moderate to excellent yields. It is noteworthy that the copper/iron (Cu/Fe) catalyst can be recovered and reused several times with high catalytic reactivity.

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Alopecia in three macaque species housed in a laboratory environment
Authors: Kroeker R. , Bellanca R.U. , Lee G.H. , Thom J.P. , Worlein J.M.
Published: November 2013

Alopecia is a persistent problem in captive macaque populations and despite recent interest, no factors have been identified that can unequivocally explain the presence of alopecia in a majority of cases. Seasonal, demographic, and environmental factors have been identified as affecting alopecia presentation in rhesus macaques, the most widely studied macaque species. However, few studies have investigated alopecia rates in other macaque species. We report alopecia scores over a period of 12 months for three macaque species (Macaca nemestrina, M. mulatta, and M. fascicularis) housed at three indoor facilities within the Washington National Primate Research Center (WaNPRC) in Seattle. Clear species differences emerged with cynomolgus (M. fascicularis) showing the lowest alopecia rates and pigtails (M. nemestrina) the highest rates. Further analysis of pigtail and rhesus (M. mulatta) macaques revealed that sex effects were apparent for rhesus but not pigtails. Age and seasonal effects were evident for both species. In contrast to previous reports, we found that older animals (over 10 years of age) had improved alopecia scores in comparison to younger adults. This is the first report on alopecia rates in pigtail macaques and the first comparison of alopecia scores in pigtail, cynomolgus, and rhesus macaques housed under similar conditions. Am. J. Primatol. 76:325–334, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Biomolecular identification of ancient Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex DNA in human remains from Britain and continental Europe
Authors: Müller Romy , Roberts Charlotte A. , Brown Terence A.
Published: November 2013

Tuberculosis is known to have afflicted humans throughout history and re‐emerged towards the end of the 20th century, to an extent that it was declared a global emergency in 1993. The aim of this study was to apply a rigorous analytical regime to the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) DNA in 77 bone and tooth samples from 70 individuals from Britain and continental Europe, spanning the 1st–19th centuries AD. We performed the work in dedicated ancient DNA facilities designed to prevent all types of modern contamination, we checked the authenticity of all products obtained by the polymerase chain reaction, and we based our conclusions on up to four replicate experiments for each sample, some carried out in an independent laboratory. We identified 12 samples that, according to our strict criteria, gave definite evidence for the presence of MTBC DNA, and another 22 that we classified as “probable” or “possible.” None of the definite samples came from vertebrae displaying lesions associated with TB. Instead, eight were from ribs displaying visceral new bone formation, one was a tooth from a skeleton with rib lesions, one was taken from a skeleton with endocranial lesions, one from an individual with lesions to the sacrum and sacroiliac joint and the last was from an individual with no lesions indicative of TB or possible TB. Our results add to information on the past temporal and geographical distribution of TB and affirm the suitability of ribs for studying ancient TB. Am J Phys Anthropol 153:178–189, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Isotopic examination of links between diet, social differentiation, and DISH at the post‐medieval Carmelite Friary of Aalst, Belgium
Authors: Quintelier Kim , Ervynck Anton , Müldner Gundula , Van Neer Wim , Richards Michael P. , Fuller Benjamin T.
Published: November 2013

Stable isotope ratios (δ13C and δ15N) were measured in human burials from the post‐medieval (16th–18th c. AD) Carmelite friary burial grounds at Aalst, a town in Flanders, Belgium. Dietary patterns of 39 adult individuals were analyzed, from a mixed monastic and lay population buried in three different locations, reflecting groups with differing social status. The data show significant variation in the consumption of perhaps meat, but certainly also marine protein between females and males. This result represents a remarkable continuity with medieval dietary patterns, suggesting that the social and economic changes of the early modern period had a limited effect on everyday life. When both sexes were examined together, individuals buried in the cloister garth consumed significantly less marine protein compared to people buried in the church, likely reflecting social stratification. No statistical differences were observed between isotopic values from the church and the cloister alley, suggesting a similarly diverse diet of the monastic part of the buried population and that of the richer lay population. Finally, the hypothesis that diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) is linked to a diet rich in animal protein was tested. No systematic or statistically significant differences between pathological and non‐pathological bones from the same individuals affected with DISH were observed, and no statistical differences were found between individuals with DISH and individuals without DISH. Am J Phys Anthropol 153:203–213, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lithium‐Schwefel‐Batterien: Elektrochemie, Materialien und Perspektiven
Authors: Yin Ya‐Xia , Xin Sen , Guo Yu‐Guo , Wan Li‐Jun
Published: November 2013

Li‐S‐Batterien gelten aufgrund ihrer hohen theoretischen Energiedichte bei guter Kosteneffizienz als attraktive Kandidaten für die nächste Generation von wiederaufladbaren Lithiumbatterien. Dieser Aufsatz gibt einen Überblick über die noch junge Geschichte dieses Batterietyps. Wir diskutieren zentrale elektrochemische Eigenschaften wie die elektrochemische Aktivität und die Bildung und Auflösung von Polysulfiden. Aktuelle Forschungen betreffen die Schwefel‐ Kathode, die Li‐Anode, den Elektrolyten sowie neue Bautypen wie Li‐S‐Batterien mit Li‐freier metallischer Anode. Die Konstruktion von leitfähigen mikroporösen Kohlenstoffmaterialien mit eingeschlossenen S‐Molekülen bietet eine vielversprechende Strategie für zukünftige Batterien mit verbesserter Zyklenstabilität.
Lithium–Sulfur Batteries: Electrochemistry, Materials, and Prospects
Authors: Yin Ya‐Xia , Xin Sen , Guo Yu‐Guo , Wan Li‐Jun
Published: November 2013

With the increasing demand for efficient and economic energy storage, Li‐S batteries have become attractive candidates for the next‐generation high‐energy rechargeable Li batteries because of their high theoretical energy density and cost effectiveness. Starting from a brief history of Li‐S batteries, this Review introduces the electrochemistry of Li‐S batteries, and discusses issues resulting from the electrochemistry, such as the electroactivity and the polysulfide dissolution. To address these critical issues, recent advances in Li‐S batteries are summarized, including the S cathode, Li anode, electrolyte, and new designs of Li‐S batteries with a metallic Li‐free anode. Constructing S molecules confined in the conductive microporous carbon materials to improve the cyclability of Li‐S batteries serves as a prospective strategy for the industry in the future.
Fabrication, characterization, and properties of poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate)/magnetite nanocomposites
Authors: Ramesan M. T.
Published: November 2013

Poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate) (EVA)/magnetite (Fe3O4) nanocomposite was prepared with different loading of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The mixing and compounding were carried out on a two‐roll mixing mill and the sheets were prepared in a compression‐molding machine. The effect of loading of nanoparticles in EVA was investigated thoroughly by different characterization technique such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), limiting oxygen index (LOI), and technological properties. TEM analysis showed the uniform dispersion of filler in the polymer matrix and the dispersion of filler decreased with increase in filler content. XRD of the nanocomposite revealed the more ordered structure of the polymer chain. An appreciable increase in glass transition temperature was observed owing to the restricted mobility of Fe3O4‐filled EVA nanocomposite. TGA and flame resistance studies indicated that the composites attain better thermal and flame resistance than EVA owing to the interaction of filler and polymer segments. Mechanical properties such as tensile strength, tear resistance, and modulus were increased for composites up to 7 phr of filler, which is presumably owing to aggregation of Fe3O4 nanoparticle at higher loading. The presence of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in the polymer matrix reduced the elongation at break and impact strength while improved hardness of the composite than unfilled EVA. The change in technological properties had been correlated with the variation of polymer–filler interaction estimated from the swelling behavior. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40116.
Surface modification of lignosulfonates for reinforcement of styrene–butadiene rubber compounds
Authors: Bahl Kushal , Jana Sadhan C.
Published: November 2013

In this study, surface modification of lignosulfonates (LSs) was investigated for potential reinforcement of styrene–butadiene rubber compounds. Lignins are naturally occurring amorphous, highly branched polymers consisting of aromatic and aliphatic segments with polar functional groups such as hydroxyl, methoxy, carbonyl, and carboxyl. The polarity and hydrophilic nature render lignin incompatible with nonpolar rubber materials. In this study, cyclohexylamine (CA) modification of LS was evaluated for enhancement of compatibility with rubber via proton transfer and hydrogen bonding interactions. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy data confirm attachment of CA onto the surface of LS. The cure and scorch times of rubber compounds were shortened, and the crosslink density enhanced with an increase of the amount of CA in modified LS. The tensile strength at break increased by almost 45%; the 100% modulus and elongation at break also showed significant improvements. The values of storage modulus and loss tangent increased by 13% and 18%, respectively. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40123.
Beneficial role of “sol–gel” synthesized mesoscale silica networks on the performance of liquid silicone elastomer
Authors: Saxena Anubhav , Dasgupta Debarshi , Bhat Shreedhar , Tiwari Sandip , Samantara Laxmi , Wrobel Dieter
Published: November 2013

This piece of contribution highlights the profound effect of unique mesoscale morphology of tailor made nanosilica assembly (SS‐Silica), synthesized by sol–gel route, on the mechanical and dynamic rheological properties of platinum catalyzed addition‐cured silicone elastomers. While commercial colloidal nanosilica (CS Silica) is used as the control nanofiller representing particulate morphology, the tailor‐made SS‐Silica having highly percolated network structure offers 10‐fold increase in storage modulus of the uncured reactive PDMS precursor nanocomposite with stable dynamic rheological behavior and more than 180% enhancement in tensile strength of resulting liquid silicone rubber (LSR) produced on curing, as compared to colloidal silica of commercial origin. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2014,131, 40125.
Orientation control of regioregular‐poly(3‐dodecylthiophene) films formed by the friction‐transfer method and the performance of organic photovoltaic devices based on these films
Authors: Mizokuro Toshiko , Okamoto Yukiyasu , Heck Claire , Aota Hiroyuki , Tanigaki Nobutaka
Published: November 2013

Control of the molecular orientation of regioregular poly(3‐alkylthiophene)s (RR‐P3ATs) improves the performance of field‐effect transistors and organic photovoltaic devices (OPVs). However, most thiophene ring planes of the RR‐P3AT molecules (except RR‐poly(3‐butylthiophene)) in films formed by the conventional spin‐coating method stand on the substrate, that is, edge‐on orientation. Orientation control of RR‐poly(3‐dodecylthiophene) (RR‐P3DDT) molecules in films formed by the friction transfer method is reported and the performance of OPVs based on friction‐transferred RR‐P3DDT films is compared to that of OPVs based on spin‐coated films. The films are investigated by polarized ultraviolet–visible light absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and grazing‐incidence X‐ray diffraction measurement. For friction‐transferred films, the RR‐P3DDT molecular chain is uniaxially aligned parallel to the substrate plane. In addition, the thiophene ring planes of the RR‐P3DDT molecules are also oriented parallel to the substrate plane, that is, face‐on orientation. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) and fill factor of the RR‐P3DDT/C60 bilayer OPVs based on the friction‐transferred RR‐P3DDT films are higher than those of devices based on spin‐coated films. The PCE and photocurrent of the device based on the friction‐transferred film are larger under irradiation with polarized light parallel to the RR‐P3DDT molecular chain direction than with polarized light orthogonal to the chain direction. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40136.
Unusual NH Activation of 2‐Aminopyrimidine: Supramolecular Assembly into an AgI Metal–Organic Framework
Authors: Liu Fu‐Ling , Xu Zheng‐Hu , Zhang Xi‐Ying , Wang Xing‐Po , Sun Di
Published: November 2013

A rare example of coordination at the amino group of NH2pym (2‐aminopyrimidine) relevant to NH activation is described that leads to a novel AgI–imide 3D metal–organic framework (MOF). The coordination of AgI to NH2pym produced an electron‐withdrawing effect and thus increased its acidity, which facilitated the NH activation and the subsequent formation of the Ag–imide bond. A cooperative metalation/deprotonation process for the NH activation of NH2pym is suggested. Interestingly, photoluminescence of 1 is switched on at the low temperature of 77 K.
Vascular reconstruction combined with liver resection for malignant tumours
Authors: Azoulay D , Pascal G , Salloum C , Adam R , Castaing D , Tranecol N
Published: November 2013

Background

The resectability criteria for malignant liver tumours have expanded during the past two decades. The use of vascular reconstruction after hepatectomy has been integral in this process. However, the majority of reports are anecdotal. This is a retrospective analysis of the techniques, morbidity, mortality and risk factors of liver resections with vascular reconstruction based on a large series from a single centre.

Methods

Patients who underwent hepatic resection combined with vascular resection and reconstruction between 1997 and 2009 were included in this study. Indications for surgery, morbidity and 90-day mortality are reported along with factors predictive of operative mortality.

Results

Eighty-four patients had liver resection with 97 vascular resections and reconstruction. There were 44 men and 40 women with a mean(s.d.) age of 56·9(12·1) years. Mean(s.d.) follow-up was 37·3(34·1) months. All patients had primary or metastatic liver tumours. The perioperative morbidity rate was 62 per cent (52 patients) and the operative mortality rate 14 per cent (12). Predictors of operative mortality were: bilirubin level exceeding 34 µmol/ml (P = 0·023), indocyanine green retention rate at 15 min over 10 per cent (P = 0·031), duration of ischaemia (P = 0·011), amount of blood transfused (P = 0·025) and combined major extrahepatic procedure (P = 0·042). Actuarial 3- and 5-year survival rates were 44 and 26 per cent respectively.

Conclusion

Liver resection with combined vascular resection and reconstruction can be performed in selected patients with acceptable morbidity and mortality. The lack of therapeutic alternatives and the poor outcome of non-operative management seem to justify this approach. The identification of risk factors should help improve patient selection and postoperative outcome as well as facilitate objective risk communication with surgical candidates.
Systematic review of the impact of registration and screening on colorectal cancer incidence and mortality in familial adenomatous polyposis and Lynch syndrome
Authors: Barrow P , Khan M , Lalloo F , Evans D G , Hill J
Published: November 2013

Background

The British Society of Gastroenterology recommends that all familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and Lynch syndrome (LS) families are screened in the context of a registry. This systematic review was performed to appraise the published evidence for registration and screening in relation to colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality.

Methods

Five electronic databases were searched using a combination of medical subject heading terms and free-text keywords. Titles and abstracts were scrutinized by two independent reviewers. Inclusion criteria were English-language studies describing CRC incidence and/or mortality in patients with FAP or LS, with comparison of either: screened and unscreened patients, or time periods before and after establishment of the registry.

Results

Of 4668 abstracts identified, 185 full-text articles were selected; 43 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. No randomized clinical trial evidence was identified. For FAP, 33 of 33 studies described a significant reduction of CRC incidence and mortality with registration and screening. For LS, nine of ten studies described a reduction of CRC incidence and mortality with registration and screening. Five studies (FAP, 2; LS, 3) provided evidence for complete prevention of CRC-related deaths during surveillance. Clinical and statistical heterogeneity prevented pooling of data for meta-analysis.

Conclusion

Studies consistently report that registration and screening result in a reduction of CRC incidence and mortality in patients with FAP and LS (level 2a evidence, grade B recommendation). Funding and managerial support for hereditary CRC registries should be made available.

Presented to the Association of Surgeons of Great Britain and Ireland 2013 Congress, Glasgow, UK, May 2013, and to the Annual Meeting of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Liverpool, UK, July 2013; published in abstract form as Br J Surg 2013; 100(Suppl 7): 123–124 and as Colorectal Dis 2013; 15(Suppl 1): 4
Nomogram for predicting invasion in patients with a preoperative diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast
Authors: Lee S K , Yang J-H , Woo S-Y , Lee J E , Nam S J
Published: November 2013

Background

The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for invasive breast cancer in patients diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) on a preoperative biopsy. These factors were used to develop a nomogram for predicting the risk of invasion in the preoperative setting.

Methods

This was a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent surgical treatment for DCIS diagnosed before surgery between 1997 and 2009. Multivariable analysis was used to identify clinical, radiological and histopathological factors that may predict upstaging. A nomogram was developed to predict the probability of invasion using multiple logistic regression analysis. This nomogram was subsequently validated using another cohort of patients with a preoperative diagnosis of DCIS between 2010 and 2012.

Results

Upstaging to invasive cancer occurred in 123 (24.9 per cent) of 493 women treated between 1997 and 2009. A larger DCIS lesion (at least 15 mm), lack of hormone receptor expression, intermediate or high nuclear grade, diagnosis on core biopsy compared with vacuum-assisted biopsy, and non-cribriform subtype of DCIS were significantly associated with upstaging. A nomogram developed using these factors demonstrated good predictive performance (area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) 0·823, 95 per cent confidence interval 0·787 to 0·860). The nomogram showed similar predictive performance in the validation data set, based on another 149 women (AUC 0·700, 0·613 to 0·786).

Conclusion

Upstaging to invasive cancer in women with a preoperative diagnosis of DCIS is common. A nomogram based on the five most significant factors related to upstaging accurately predicted invasive cancer. This nomogram may be useful when deciding whether to pursue axillary staging with sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with DCIS.
Identification of the Target Protein of Agelasine D, a Marine Sponge Diterpene Alkaloid, as an Anti‐dormant Mycobacterial Substance
Authors: Arai Masayoshi , Yamano Yoshi , Setiawan Andi , Kobayashi Motomasa
Published: November 2013

One of the major reasons for the wide epidemicity of tuberculosis and for the necessity for extensive chemotherapeutic regimens is that the causative agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, has an ability to become dormant. Therefore, new lead compounds that are anti‐bacterial against M. tuberculosis in both active and dormant states are urgently needed. Marine sponge diterpene alkaloids, agelasines B, C, and D, from an Indonesian marine sponge of the genus Agelas were rediscovered as anti‐dormant‐mycobacterial substances. Based on the concept that the transformants over‐expressing targets of antimicrobial substances confer drug resistance, strains resistant to agelasine D were screened from Mycobacterium smegmatis transformed with a genomic DNA library of Mycobacterium bovis BCG. Sequence analysis of the cosmids isolated from resistant transformants revealed that the responsible gene was located in the genome region between 3475.051 and 3502.901 kb. Further analysis of the transformants over‐expressing the individual gene contained in this region indicated that BCG3185c (possibly a dioxygenase) might be a target of the molecule. Moreover, agelasine D was found to bind directly to recombinant BCG3185c protein (KD 2.42 μm), based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR). This evidence strongly suggests that the BCG3185c protein is the major target of agelasine D, and that the latter is the anti‐mycobacterial substance against dormant bacilli.
In vivo evaluation of axial integrity of coronary stents using intravascular ultrasound: Insights on longitudinal stent deformation
Authors: Dvir Danny , Kitabata Hironori , Barbash Israel M. , Minha Sa'ar , Badr Salem , Loh Joshua P. , Chen Fang , Torguson Rebecca , Waksman Ron
Published: November 2013

Objective

To evaluate the axial integrity of different coronary stents using intravascular ultrasound (IVUS).

Background

Longitudinal stent deformation was recently reported.

Methods

Consecutive patients who underwent IVUS analysis after drug‐eluting stent (DES) implantation for de novo coronary lesions were evaluated. Stent length was compared with label length for calculation of absolute change and relative difference (absolute change divided by label length).

Results

A total of 233 DES utilizing five different platforms were included. The median absolute change in stent length was 0.90 mm (interquartile range [IQR] 0.48–1.39) and the relative difference was 5.24% (IQR 2.55–8.29). There was no significant difference among the groups in median absolute or relative change: Cypher 0.89 mm/3.89%, Taxus 0.88 mm/5.39%, Endeavor 1.16 mm/6.77%, Xience V 0.86 mm/5.80%, and PROMUS Element 0.79 mm/5.34% (P = 0.085, P = 0.072, respectively). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that the Cypher stent was independently correlated with a lower change in length, whereas stent label length and deployment pressure were correlated with higher absolute change.

Conclusion

The axial integrity of DES platforms examined in vivo was high, with only mild changes in stent length after implantation. While there are differences between first‐ and second‐generation DES, axial integrity among second‐generation DES was similar. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Coronary angiogram classification of spontaneous coronary artery dissection
Authors: Saw Jacqueline
Published: November 2013

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is under‐diagnosed and the true prevalence is underestimated. Unfortunately, SCAD is frequently missed on coronary angiogram since the arterial wall is not imaged with this test. Optical coherence tomography or intravascular ultrasound should be the true gold‐standard to diagnose SCAD. Given the elusive angiographic diagnosis of SCAD and the lack of familiarity with angiographic variants of SCAD, a diagnostic algorithm and angiographic classification for SCAD is proposed in this article. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A combination of plaque components analyzed by integrated backscatter intravascular ultrasound and serum pregnancy‐associated plasma protein a levels predict the no‐reflow phenomenon during percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Daidoji Hyuma , Takahashi Hiroki , Otaki Yoichiro , Tamura Harutoshi , Arimoto Takanori , Shishido Tetsuro , Miyashita Takehiko , Miyamoto Takuya , Watanabe Tetsu , Kubota Isao
Published: November 2013

Aims

Previous studies reported that integrated backscatter intravascular ultrasound (IB‐IVUS) provides high diagnostic accuracy for tissue characterization of coronary plaques and that pregnancy‐associated plasma protein A (PAPP‐A) could be a marker of adverse cardiac outcome in patients with cardiovascular disease. We examined whether IB‐IVUS and PAPP‐A levels could predict the incidence of no‐reflow during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)

Methods and Results

About 176 consecutive patients (138 men, mean age 68 ± 11 years) who underwent PCI with IB‐IVUS were prospectively enrolled. Combined no‐reflow, including transient filter no‐reflow by using distal protection devices, was observed in 31 patients. The percentages of coronary lipid volume (%LV) analyzed by IB‐IVUS and serum PAPP‐A were significantly higher in patients with combined no‐reflow than normal‐reflow. To predict no‐reflow, a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis determined cut‐off values of %LV as 62% and serum PAPP‐A as 7.71 ng/mL. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that %LV (hazard ratio 4.5, 95% confidence interval 1.6–13.4, P < 0.01) and PAPP‐A (hazard ratio 4.32, 95% confidence interval 1.5–12.7, P < 0.01) were independent predictors of combined no‐reflow

Conclusions

%LV analyzed by IB‐IVUS and serum PAPP‐A levels were closely associated with the coronary no‐reflow phenomenon. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Highly Active Modulators of Indole Signaling Alter Pathogenic Behaviors in Gram‐Negative and Gram‐Positive Bacteria
Authors: Minvielle Marine J. , Eguren Kristen , Melander Christian
Published: November 2013

Indole is a universal signal that regulates various bacterial behaviors, such as biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance. To generate mechanistic probes of indole signaling and control indole‐mediated pathogenic phenotypes in both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria, we have investigated the use of desformylflustrabromine (dFBr) derivatives to generate highly active indole mimetics. We have developed non‐microbicidal dFBr derivatives that are 27–2000 times more active than indole in modulating biofilm formation, motility, acid resistance, and antibiotic resistance. The activity of these analogues parallels indole, because they are dependent on temperature, the enzyme tryptophanase TnaA, and the transcriptional regulator SdiA. This investigation demonstrates that molecules based on the dFBr scaffold can alter pathogenic behaviors by mimicking indole‐signaling pathways.
Generation of Stoichiometric Ethylene and Isotopic Derivatives and Application in Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Vinylation and Enyne Metathesis
Authors: Min Geanna K. , Bjerglund Klaus , Kramer Søren , Gøgsig Thomas M. , Lindhardt Anders T. , Skrydstrup Troels
Published: November 2013

Ethylene is one of the most important building blocks in industry for the production of polymers and commodity chemicals. 13C‐ and D‐isotope‐labeled ethylenes are also valuable reagents with applications ranging from polymer‐structure determination, reaction‐mechanism elucidation to the preparation of more complex isotopically labeled compounds. However, these isotopic derivatives are expensive, and are flammable gases, which are difficult to handle. We have developed a method for the controlled generation of ethylene and its isotopic variants including, for the first time, fully isotopically labeled ethylene, from simple alkene precursors by using Ru catalysis. Applying a two‐chamber reactor allows both the synthesis of ethylene and its immediate consumption in a chemical transformation permitting reactions to be performed with only stoichiometric amounts of this two carbon olefin. This was demonstrated in the Ni‐catalyzed Heck reaction with aryl triflates and benzyl chlorides, as well as Ru‐mediated enyne metathesis.
ChemInform Abstract: First Evidence of a Phase Transition in a High‐Pressure Metal Iodate: Structural and Thermal Studies of AgIO3 Polymorphs.
Authors: Suffren Yan , Gautier‐Luneau Isabelle , Darie Celine , Goujon Celine , Legendre Murielle , Leynaud Olivier
Published: November 2013

A new phase of silver iodate, β‐AgIO3, is obtained by heating α‐AgIO3 at 2.7 GPa at <240 °C for 30 min.
ChemInform Abstract: Transformation of Rutile to TiO2‐II in a High Pressure Hydrothermal Environment.
Authors: Spektor Kristina , Tran Dung Trung , Leinenweber Kurt , Haeussermann Ulrich
Published: November 2013

Single phase bulk samples of the high‐pressure modificationTiO2‐II are obtained from rutile powder under hydrothermal conditions (6 GPa and 650 °C).
ChemInform Abstract: Solvothermal Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Properties of Lanthanide(III) Thioarsenates [Ln(dien)2(μ‐1ϰ,2ϰ2‐AsS4)] n (Ln: Sm, Eu, Gd) and [Ln(dien)2(1ϰ2‐AsS4)] (Ln: Tb, Dy, Ho).
Authors: Wang Fang , Tang Chunying , Chen Ruihong , Zhang Yong , Jia Dingxian
Published: November 2013

Solvothermal reactions of Ln2O3, As and S in diethylenetriamine (dien) (autoclave, 170 °C, 6 d) yields two structural types of lanthanide thioarsenates of general formulae [Ln(dien)2(μ‐1ϰ,2ϰ2‐AsS4)] n (Ln: Sm, Eu, Gd) and [Ln(dien)2(1ϰ2‐AsS4)] (Ln: Tb, Dy, Ho) in 45—57% yield.
ChemInform Abstract: Photocycloaddition of Arenes and Allenes.
Authors: Sreit Ursula , Birbaum Frederic , Quattropani Anna , Bochet Christian G. Bochet Christian G.
Published: November 2013

A novel intramolecular para cycloaddition of arenes with allenes yielding bicyclooctadiene‐type products and benzoxepine acetals is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple and Sustainable Iron‐Catalyzed Aerobic C—H Functionalization of N,N‐Dialkylanilines.
Authors: Ratnikov Maxim O. , Xu Xinfang , Doyle Michael P.
Published: November 2013

Iron(III) chloride catalyzes the aerobic oxidation of tertiary anilines, including N‐aryltetrahydroisoquinolines, to form reactive iminium ion intermediates that undergo Mannich reactions with silyloxyfurans, nitroalkanes, and other nucleophiles to give the corresponding butenolides, nitro compounds, and α‐substituted tetrahydroisoquinolines, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Triphenyltin Chloride as a New Source of Phenyl Group for C‐Heteroatom and C—C Bond Formation.
Authors: Iranpoor Nasser , Firouzabadi Habib , Davan Elham Etemadi , Rostami Abed , Nematollahi Arash
Published: November 2013

Triphenyltin chloride is used as phenyl group source for the Cu‐catalyzed phenylation of primary and secondary amines, phenols, and thiols.
ChemInform Abstract: A Ligand‐Free Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Aryl Sulfinates with Aryl Bromides.
Authors: Ortgies Dirk H. , Forgione Pat
Published: November 2013

A ligand free Pd‐catalyzed process is presented to allow the synthesis of biphenyls by desulfinylative cross‐coupling of aryl sulfinates with aryl bromides.
ChemInform Abstract: Reversal of Polarity in Masked o‐Benzoquinones: Rapid Access to Unsymmetrical Oxygenated Biaryls.
Authors: Parumala Santosh Kumar Reddy , Peddinti Rama Krishna
Published: November 2013

6,6‐Dimethoxycyclohexa‐2,4‐dienones commonly known as masked o‐benzoquinones are prepared in situ from guaiacol derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Epoxidation Activity of Keplerate Polyoxomolybdate Nanoball Toward Aqueous Suspension of Olefins under Mild Aerobic Conditions.
Authors: Rezaeifard Abdolreza , Haddad Reza , Jafarpour Maasoumeh , Hakimi Mohammad
Published: November 2013

The catalytic efficiency of a sphere‐shaped nanosized polyoxomolybdate in the aerobic epoxidation of olefins in water is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Catalytic Asymmetric Vinylogous Mannich‐Type Reaction of γ‐Butenolides with Ketimines.
Authors: Yin Liang , Takada Hisashi , Kumagai Naoya , Shibasaki Masakatsu
Published: November 2013

The activation of the N‐thiophosphinoyl group by a mild Lewis acid is the key to achieve the enantioselective title reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Zinc‐Mediated Asymmetric Allylation of Chiral N‐tert‐Butanesulfinyl Aldimines with 3‐Bromomethyl‐5H‐furan‐2‐one.
Authors: Shen An , He Zhi‐Tao , Yu Hong‐Jie , Fukui Yuki , Tian Ping , Lin Guo‐Qiang
Published: November 2013

The title reaction provides predominantly the anti‐isomers (III) with excellent diastereoselectivity with anti/syn ratios in the range of 5:1 up to 18:1.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbonylation of Propargyl Carbamates with Palladium(II) Bisoxazoline Catalysts: Efficient Synthesis of 5‐Methoxy‐3(2H)‐furanones.
Authors: Kusakabe Taichi , Takahashi Takeo , Shen Rong , Ikeda Ayumi , Dhage Yogesh Daulat , Kanno Yuichro , Inouye Yoshio , Sasai Hiroaki , Mochida Tomoyuki , Kato Keisuke
Published: November 2013

This reaction is influenced by a gem‐dialkyl effect.
ChemInform Abstract: Indium‐Mediated One‐Pot Pyrrole Synthesis from Nitrobenzenes and 1,4‐Diketones.
Authors: Lee Hyunseung , Kim Byeong Hyo
Published: November 2013

A convenient one‐pot procedure is developed for the synthesis of pyrroles via reduction of nitrobenzenes, imine formation and acetic acid promoted intramolecular cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: anti‐Markovnikov Hydroamination of Alkenes Catalyzed by an Organic Photoredox System.
Authors: Nguyen Tien M. , Nicewicz David A.
Published: November 2013

The photochemical reaction of the amine substrates does not require any metal catalyst and is effective in the presence of 9‐mesityl‐10‐methylacridinium tetrafluoroborate and thiophenol as a hydrogen donor.
ChemInform Abstract: Cp*CoIII‐Catalyzed C2‐Selective Addition of Indoles to Imines.
Authors: Yoshino Tatsuhiko , Ikemoto Hideya , Matsunaga Shigeki , Kanai Motomu
Published: November 2013

The utility of a Co(III) catalyst to promote the C2‐selective addition of indoles to imines is demonstrated.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbocyclization versus Oxycyclization on the Metal‐Catalyzed Reactions of Oxyallenyl C3‐Linked Indoles.
Authors: Alcaide Benito , Almendros Pedro , Alonso Jose M. , Fernandez Israel
Published: November 2013

Previously unknown (indol‐3‐yl)‐α‐allenols (III) are prepared from indole‐3‐carbaldehydes by indium‐mediated Barbier allenylation reaction taking advantage of the N‐(2‐pyridyl)sulfonyl group.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Azetidin‐2‐one Containing Pyrazoline Derivatives.
Authors: Shah Shailesh H. , Patel Pankaj S.
Published: November 2013

A new series of azetidinone‐containing pyrazoline derivatives (VIII) (10 examples, yields not given) are synthesized and evaluated for their antimicrobial activities.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Life for an Old Reagent: Fluoroalkyl Amino Reagents as Efficient Tools for the Synthesis of Diversely Fluorinated Pyrazoles.
Authors: Pazenok Sergiy , Giornal Florence , Landelle Gregory , Lui Norbert , Vors Jean‐Pierre , Leroux Frederic R.
Published: November 2013

The first practical method for the regioselective synthesis of the title compounds is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Multicomponent Synthesis of 1‐Aryl 1,2,4‐Triazoles.
Authors: Tam Annie , Armstrong Ian S. , La Cruz Thomas E.
Published: November 2013

Three component reaction of aromatic amines, triethyl orthoformate, and tosylamidoxime affords 1,2,4‐triazoles.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antioxidant Activity of a Variety of Sulfonamidomethane Linked 1,3,4‐Oxadiazoles and Thiadiazoles.
Authors: Swapna Mukkara , Premakumari Chokkappagari , Reddy Sanapalli Nagi , Padmaja Adivireddy , Padmavathi Venkatapuram
Published: November 2013

A new class of sulfonamidomethane linked oxadiazoles and thiadiazoles is prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: In situ Catalytic Generation of Allylcopper Species for Asymmetric Allylation: Toward 1H‐Isochromene Skeletons.
Authors: Kawai Junya , Chikkade Prasanna Kumara , Shimizu Yohei , Kanai Motomu
Published: November 2013

The minimal‐waste‐producing allylcopper generation method tolerates free hydroxy groups [e.g. (VIg)].
ChemInform Abstract: Tetrahydropyrido[d]pyridazinones‐Promising Scaffolds for Drug Discovery.
Authors: Yaremenko Anatoliy G. , Volochnyuk Dmitriy M. , Shelyakin Vyacheslav V. , Grygorenko Oleksandr O.
Published: November 2013

The synthesis of all four possible title compounds can be achieved from pyridines of type (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Multicomponent Synthesis of 4‐Aminophthalazin‐1(2H)‐ones by Palladium‐Catalyzed Isocyanide Insertion.
Authors: Vlaar Tjoestil , Mampuys Pieter , Helliwell Madeleine , Maes Bert U. W. , Orru Romano V. A. , Ruijter Eelco
Published: November 2013

A new method for the synthesis of biologically interesting aminophthalazinones is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Hydroformylation—Biginelli Reaction.
Authors: Fuchs Daniela , Nasr‐Esfahani Mahboobeh , Diab Lisa , Smejkal Tomas , Breit Bernhard
Published: November 2013

Alkenes and synthesis gas readily furnish C1‐elongated aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Study of Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Some New Hydroxychalcone‐Based Azo Dyes.
Authors: Baseer Muhammad , Saeed Aamer , Samra Shahid A. , Ashraf Zaman , Ansari Farzana L.
Published: November 2013

Novel hydroxychalcone azo dyes and related bis azo dyes are synthesized by reaction of chalcones with aniline diazonium salts.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Chemistry of Hydrogen Trioxide (HOOOH)
Authors: Cerkovnik Janez , Plesnicar Bozo
Published: November 2013

Review: 202 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Review: Structural Diversity in Organotin(IV) Dithiocarboxylates and Carboxylates
Authors: Abbas Syed Mustansar , Ali Saqib , Hussain Syed Tajammul , Shahzadi Saira
Published: November 2013

Review: 81 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid Catalysts and Their Application in Biodiesel Production
Authors: Mat Ramli , Samsudin Rubyatul A. , Mohamed Mahadhir , Johari Anwar
Published: November 2013

Review: 38 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of a Second Generation Palladium‐Catalyzed Cycloalkenylation and Its Application to Bioactive Natural Product Synthesis
Authors: Toyota Masahiro
Published: November 2013

Review: 36 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanoparticle Shape Selectivity in Catalysis: Butene Isomerization and Hydrogenation on Platinum
Authors: Lee Ilkeun , Zaera Francisco
Published: November 2013

Review: 112 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Acid‐Catalyzed Benzidine Rearrangements May Proceed via Cation Radicals Formed by Electron Transfer to a Proton from a Hydrazyl Nitrogen
Authors: Mamantov Andrew
Published: November 2013

Review: 49 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Development and Challenges in the Copper‐Catalyzed Trifluoromethylation of Alkenes
Authors: Liu Xiaowu , Wu Xiaoixng
Published: November 2013

Review: 18 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Understanding Automotive Exhaust Catalysts Using a Surface Science Approach: Model NOx Storage Materials
Authors: Szanyi Janos , Yi Cheol Woo , Mudiyanselage Kumudu , Kwak Ja Hun
Published: November 2013

Review: 56 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid Biofuel Database ‐ Potential of Using Vegetal Biomass in Biogas Production
Authors: Cioabla Adrian Eugen , Ionel Ioana , Tenchea Adrian , Dumitrel Gabriela‐Alina , Pode Vasile
Published: November 2013

Review: 16 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Green Carbon Science: Scientific Basis for Integrating Carbon Resource Processing, Utilization, and Recycling
Authors: He Mingyuan , Sun Yuhan , Han Buxing
Published: November 2013

Review: [122 refs.]
ChemInform Abstract: Density Functional Theory and Molecular Interactions: Dispersion Interactions
Authors: Kryachko Eugene S.
Published: November 2013

Review: 200 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Graphs, Molecular Matrices and Topological Indices in Chemoinformatics and Quantitative Structure—Activity Relationships
Authors: Ivanciuc Ovidiu
Published: November 2013

Review: 103 refs.
Entrepreneurs and the context of cooperative organizations: A definition of cooperative entrepreneur
Authors: Diaz‐Foncea Millán , Marcuello Carmen
Published: November 2013

We focus on the role of entrepreneurs in organizations that are structured as cooperatives. In considering the similarities and differences among various forms of entrepreneurship, a comprehensive definition of the cooperative entrepreneur is formulated. A model illustrating four variations in the manner in which cooperative entrepreneurship contributes to the creation of cooperatives is also presented. These contributions help to more clearly frame future research and lend visibility to the challenges faced by entrepreneurs in the cooperative context. Copyright © 2013 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of the Side‐Chain‐Distribution Density on the Single‐Conjugated‐Polymer‐Chain Conformation
Authors: Hu Zhongjian , Adachi Takuji , Lee Young‐Gi , Haws Ryan T. , Hanson Benjamin , Ono Robert J. , Bielawski Christopher W. , Ganesan Venkat , Rossky Peter J. , Vanden Bout David A.
Published: November 2013

The spatial arrangement of the side chains of conjugated polymer backbones has critical effects on the morphology and electronic and photophysical properties of the corresponding bulk films. The effect of the side‐chain‐distribution density on the conformation at the isolated single‐polymer‐chain level was investigated with regiorandom (rra‐) poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and poly(3‐hexyl‐2,5‐thienylene vinylene) (P3HTV). Although pure P3HTV films are known to have low fluorescence quantum efficiencies, we observed a considerable increase in fluorescence intensity by dispersing P3HTV in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), which enabled a single‐molecule spectroscopy investigation. With single‐molecule fluorescence excitation polarization spectroscopy, we found that rra‐P3HTV single molecules form highly ordered conformations. In contrast, rra‐P3HT single molecules, display a wide variety of different conformations from isotropic to highly ordered, were observed. The experimental results are supported by extensive molecular dynamics simulations, which reveal that the reduced side‐chain‐distribution density, that is, the spaced‐out side‐chain substitution pattern, in rra‐P3HTV favors more ordered conformations compared to rra‐P3HT. Our results demonstrate that the distribution of side chains strongly affects the polymer‐chain conformation, even at the single‐molecule level, an aspect that has important implications when interpreting the macroscopic interchain packing structure exhibited by bulk polymer films.
Levoglucosan Formation from Crystalline Cellulose: Importance of a Hydrogen Bonding Network in the Reaction
Authors: Hosoya Takashi , Sakaki Shigeyoshi
Published: November 2013

Levoglucosan (1,6‐anhydro‐β‐D‐glucopyranose) formation by the thermal degradation of native cellulose was investigated by MP4(SDQ)//DFT(B3LYP) and DFT(M06‐2X)//DFT(B3LYP) level computations. The computational results of dimer models lead to the conclusion that the degradation occurs by a concerted mechanism similar to the degradation of methyl β‐D‐glucoside reported in our previous study. One‐chain models of glucose hexamer, in which the interchain hydrogen bonds of real cellulose crystals are absent, do not exhibit the correct reaction behavior of levoglucosan formation; for instance, the activation enthalpy (Ea=≈38 kcal mol−1) is considerably underestimated compared to the experimental value (48–60 kcal mol−1). This problem is solved with the use of two‐chain models that contain interchain hydrogen bonds. The theoretical study of this model clearly shows that the degradation of the internal glucosyl residue leads to the formation of a levoglucosan precursor at the chain end and levoglucosan is selectively formed from this levoglucosan end. The calculated Ea (56–62 kcal mol−1) agrees well with the experimental value. The computational results of three‐chain models indicate that this degradation occurs selectively on the crystalline surface. All these computational results provide a comprehensive understanding of several experimental facts, the mechanisms of which have not yet been elucidated.