bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quark and Glue Components of the Proton Spin from Lattice Calculation
Authors: Liu Keh-Fei
Published: March 2016

The status of lattice calculations of the quark spin, the quark orbital angular momentum, the glue angular momentum and glue spin in the nucleon is summarized. The quark spin calculation is recently carried out from the anomalous Ward identity with chiral fermions and is found to be small mainly due to the large negative anomaly term which is believed to be the source of the ‘proton spin crisis’. We also present the first calculation of the glue spin at finite nucleon momenta.
Latest Results from the COMPASS Experiment
Authors: Stolarski M.
Published: March 2016

In this paper the latest results from the COMPASS experiment are presented. We show results from longitudinally and transversely polarised targets off which high energy muons are scattered. In addition the future plans of COMPASS as well as results of the beam test runs are also presented.
Spin Physics at J-PARC
Authors: Kumano S.
Published: March 2016

Spin-physics projects at J-PARC are explained by including future possibilities. J-PARC is the most-intense hadron-beam facility in the high-energy region above multi-GeV, and spin physics will be investigated by using secondary beams of kaons, pions, neutrinos, muons, and antiproton as well as the primary-beam proton. In particle physics, spin topics are on muon [Formula: see text], muon and neutron electric dipole moments, and time-reversal violation experiment in a kaon decay. Here, we focus more on hadron-spin physics as for future projects. For example, generalized parton distributions (GPDs) could be investigated by using pion and proton beams, whereas they are studied by the virtual Compton scattering at lepton facilities. The GPDs are key quantities for determining the three-dimensional picture of hadrons and for finding the origin of the nucleon spin including partonic orbital-angular-momentum contributions. In addition, polarized parton distributions and various hadron spin topics should be possible by using the high-momentum beamline. The strangeness contribution to the nucleon spin could be also investigated in principle with the neutrino beam with a near detector facility.
Overview of TMD Evolution
Authors: Boer Daniël
Published: March 2016

Transverse momentum dependent parton distributions (TMDs) appear in many scattering processes at high energy, from the semi-inclusive DIS experiments at a few GeV to the Higgs transverse momentum distribution at the LHC. Predictions for TMD observables crucially depend on TMD factorization, which in turn determines the TMD evolution of the observables with energy. In this contribution to SPIN2014 TMD factorization is outlined, including a discussion of the treatment of the nonperturbative region, followed by a summary of results on TMD evolution, mostly applied to azimuthal asymmetries.
Compass Measurement of g1 and QCD Fits
Authors: Kunne Fabienne
Published: March 2016

We present the latest COMPASS results on the proton spin structure function g[Formula: see text](x) at 200[Formula: see text]GeV. The data improve the statistical precision by a factor of [Formula: see text]2 at low x. A reevaluation of the Bjorken sum rule based on COMPASS proton and deuteron data confirms its validation to a 9% accuracy. Finally, results from a global NLO QCD fit of g1 world data are shown. The extracted spin singlet distribution leads to an integrated value of [Formula: see text] at Q[Formula: see text] (GeV/c)2. The large uncertainty is mainly driven by the unknown shape of the distribution.
Gluon Polarization in Longitudinally Polarized pp Collisions at STAR
Authors: Chang Zilong
Published: March 2016

The STAR Collaboration is performing a wide range of measurements to determine the gluon helicity distribution in the proton. Gluon-gluon and quark-gluon scattering dominate jet production in proton-proton collisions at RHIC, so the longitudinal double-spin asymmetry, [Formula: see text], for jet production places significant constraints on the gluon polarization in the proton. In recent years STAR has recorded large longitudinally polarized [Formula: see text] data sets at both [Formula: see text] GeV and [Formula: see text] GeV. The 2009 STAR inclusive jet [Formula: see text] measurements at [Formula: see text] GeV show the first experimental evidence of non-zero gluon polarization over the Bjorken-[Formula: see text] range, [Formula: see text]. Furthermore, data collected at [Formula: see text] GeV during the 2012 and 2013 RHIC runs allow access to the gluon polarization at lower [Formula: see text]. In this talk, I will present the final results of the 2009 inclusive jet [Formula: see text] measurement at [Formula: see text] GeV, the analysis status of the 2012 inclusive jet [Formula: see text] measurement at [Formula: see text] GeV, and the status of di-jet and other STAR measurements that are sensitive to gluon polarization.
A Measurement of g2p at Low Q2
Authors: Cummings M.
Published: March 2016

Jefferson Lab has been at the forefront of a program to study the polarized structure of nucleons using electron scattering. Measurements of the spin dependent structure functions, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], have proven to be powerful tools in testing and understanding QCD. The neutron structure function [Formula: see text] has been measured extensively in Hall A at Jefferson Lab over a wide range of [Formula: see text], but data for [Formula: see text] remains scarce. This docment will discuss the [Formula: see text] experiment, which ran in Hall A at Jefferson Lab in the spring of 2012, and will provide the first measurement of [Formula: see text] in the resonance region; covering [Formula: see text] GeV2. The 0[Formula: see text] moment of [Formula: see text] provides a test of the Burkhardt-Cottingham sum rule, which states that the integral of [Formula: see text] over the Bjorken scaling variable [Formula: see text] goes to zero. This sum rule, valid for all values of [Formula: see text], has been satisfied for the neutron, but a violation is suggested for the proton at high [Formula: see text]. The 2[Formula: see text] moment allows for a benchmark test of [Formula: see text]PT at low [Formula: see text]. Specifically, the behavior of the longitudinally-transverse spin polarizability ([Formula: see text]), as [Formula: see text]PT calculations of this quantity deviate significantly from the measured neutron data. This document will discuss the current status of the analysis along with preliminary results.
COMPASS Measurement of Pion and Kaon Multiplicities and Extraction of Quark Fragmentation Functions into Pions
Authors: Kunne Fabienne
Published: March 2016

We present preliminary COMPASS results on pion and kaon multiplicities produced in semi inclusive deep inelastic scattering of 160[Formula: see text]GeV muons off an isoscalar ([Formula: see text]LiD) target. The results constitute an impressive data set of more than 400 points in p and 400 in K, covering a large x,Q[Formula: see text] and z domain in a fine binning, which will be used in future QCD fits at next to leading order to extract quark fragmentation functions. We show results of a first leading order fit performed to extract the favored and unfavored quark fragmentation functions into pions D[Formula: see text] and D[Formula: see text].
Predictions on the Transverse Single-Spin Asymmetries at Subleading Twist of Pion Production in Semi-Inclusive DIS
Authors: Mao Wenjuan , Lu Zhun , Ma Bo-Qiang
Published: March 2016

We estimate the single-spin asymmetries with [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] angular dependencies for electroproduction of pions in transversely polarized semi-inclusive DIS process. We consider the effect of the twist-3 transverse momentum dependent distributions which convoluted with twist-2 fragmentation functions. We calculate these distributions in a spectator-diquark model, and predict the corresponding single-spin asymmetries at the kinematics of HERMES, JLab and COMPASS. We find that the numerical estimates show that the asymmetries are sizable, and the T-odd twist-3 TMDs play an important role in these asymmetries.
Azimuthal Single-Spin Asymmetries of Charged Pions in Jets in s = 200 GeV p↑p Collisions at STAR
Authors: Adkins J. Kevin , Drachenberg James L.
Published: March 2016

Single spin asymmetry measurements ([Formula: see text]) of the azimuthal distribution of charged pions inside jets produced in transversely polarized proton collisions are sensitive to the transversity distribution and the Collins fragmentation function. The STAR Detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider is well suited for these types of measurements as it is capable of full jet reconstruction and charged pion identification in the mid-rapidity region ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]). We report here the first observation of Collins [Formula: see text] asymmetries in [Formula: see text] GeV [Formula: see text] collisions.
AN of Single Heavy Flavor Decay Muon in the PHENIX Experiment at RHIC
Authors: Wang Xiaorong , Wei Feng
Published: March 2016

Transverse single-spin asymmetries provide valuable information about the spin structure of the nucleon. At RHIC energies, heavy-flavor production is dominated by gluon-gluon fusion, and the subsequent decay into high [Formula: see text] electrons or muons can be observed statistically in a collider detector like PHENIX. The transverse single-spin asymmetry in heavy-flavor production originates from the initial state correlation between the internal transverse momentum of the parton and the transverse spin of the nucleon (similar with the known Sivers effect). The measurement of transverse single-spin asymmetry of single muons from heavy flavor decay at RHIC serves as a clean probe and would provide important information on the gluon Sivers function. In 2012, the PHENIX experiment collected 9.2 [Formula: see text] integrated luminosity in transversely polarized [Formula: see text] collisions at [Formula: see text] = 200 GeV with a polarization of [Formula: see text]. The signal-to-background ratio was improved by a factor of two compared to the previous RHIC 2006 and 2008 results in high transverse momentum region ([Formula: see text]GeV). The recent PHENIX preliminary results of transverse single-spin asymmetries of single heavy flavor decay muon at forward-rapidity will be shown and the possible improvement on this measurement in 2015 with the help of the FVTX detector will be discussed.
Single-Spin Asymmetries AULsinϕh in Semi-Inclusive Pions Production
Authors: Lu Zhun , Mao Wenjuan
Published: March 2016

The single-spin asymmetry [Formula: see text] of charged and neutral pion production in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering on longitudinally polarized nucleon targets is studied. We particularly consider the effects of the twist-3 transverse-momentum dependent distribution functions [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], which are calculated in two different spectator-diquark models. We estimate the asymmetry for [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] produced off the proton target at HERMES and compare the results with the HERMES measurements. We also predict the same asymmetric moment for different pions at the kinematics of CLAS 5.5 GeV on a proton target, as well as at COMPASS on a deuteron target for comparison.
Modeling the Pion Generalized Parton Distribution
Authors: Mezrag C.
Published: March 2016

We compute the pion Generalized Parton Distribution (GPD) in a valence dressed quarks approach. We model the Mellin moments of the GPD using Ansätze for Green functions inspired by the numerical solutions of the Dyson-Schwinger Equations (DSE) and the Bethe-Salpeter Equation (BSE). Then, the GPD is reconstructed from its Mellin moment using the Double Distribution (DD) formalism. The agreement with available experimental data is very good.
Transverse Spin Asymmetries in the CNI Region of Elastic Proton-Proton Scattering at s=200 GeV
Authors: Svirida Dmitry
Published: March 2016

Precise measurements of transverse spin asymmetries in proton-proton elastic scattering at very small values of four-momentum transfer squared, [Formula: see text], have been performed using the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) polarized proton beams. The measurements of both single and double spin asymmetries were made at the center-of-mass energy [Formula: see text] GeV and in the region [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text], which was accessed using Roman Pot devices incorporated into the STAR experimental setup. The obtained set of asymmetries is sensitive to the poorly known hadronic contribution to the spin-flip amplitudes and provide significant constraints for the theoretical descriptions of the reaction mechanism of proton-proton elastic scattering at high energies.
Ay Measurement in p→p-Elastic Scattering at Small Angles
Authors: Macharashvili G.
Published: March 2016

The proton analysing power in [Formula: see text] elastic scattering has been measured at small angles at COSY-ANKE at 796[Formula: see text]MeV and five other beam energies between 1.6 and 2.4[Formula: see text]GeV using a polarized proton beam. The asymmetries obtained by detecting the fast proton in the ANKE forward detector or the slow recoil proton in a silicon tracking telescope are completely consistent. The sources of the systematic uncertainties and the time stability issue were considered. The ANKE data at the higher energies lie well above the predictions of the most recent partial wave solution at small angles. An updated phase shift analysis that uses the ANKE results together with the World data leads to a better description of these new measurements.
Higher Twist Effects in e+e− Annihilation at High Energies
Authors: Wei Shu-yi
Published: March 2016

In the two papers published recently,1, 2 we apply collinear expansion to both inclusive ([Formula: see text]) and semi-inclusive ([Formula: see text]) hadron production in [Formula: see text] annihilation to derive a formalism suitable for a systematic study of leading as well as higher twist contributions to fragmentation functions at the tree level. We carry out the calculations for hadrons with spin-0, spin-1/2 as well as spin-1. This proceeding is mainly a summary of these two papers.
Spin Physics at NICA
Authors: Nagaytsev Alexander
Published: March 2016

The NICA-SPD project is under preparation at the 2nd interaction point of the NICA collider. The main purpose of this experiment is the study of the nucleon spin structure with high intensity polarized proton and deuteron beams. The design of the collider can allow us to reach a very high collision proton (deuteron) energy up to [Formula: see text]s [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]26 (12) GeV with the average luminosity up to 10[Formula: see text] (10[Formula: see text] cm[Formula: see text] Both proton and deuteron beams will be effectively polarized. The one gives us unique possibilities to investigate the polarized phenomena and nucleon spin structure at NICA. The comprehensive program of these studies is presented.
Spin Observables in Pion Photoproduction and Nucleon Compton Scattering from the Chiral Lagrangian and Dispersion Relations
Authors: Gasparyan A. M. , Lutz M. F. M. , Pasquini B.
Published: March 2016

A scheme based on the chiral Lagrangian, analyticity and unitarity is applied to spin observables in pion photoproduction and nucleon Compton scattering. Subthreshold partial-wave amplitudes are calculated in chiral perturbation theory and extrapolated beyond the threshold region imposing the micro-causality and the unitarity constraint. A reasonable description of various spin observables up to energies [Formula: see text] MeV is obtained in terms of the parameters relevant at order [Formula: see text] in the chiral Lagrangian. Nucleon spin-polarizabilities predicted in our scheme are consistent with recent measurements of double polarization asymmetries at MAMI.
The Spin Studies in Few-Body Systems at Nuclotron
Authors: Ladygin V. P. , Dobrin I. , Fimushkin V. V. , Finogenov D. A. , Genchev S. G. , Gurchin Yu. V. , Ierusalimov A. P. , Isupov A. Yu. , Itoh K. , Janek M. , Karpechev E. V. , Karachuk J.-T. , Khabarov S. V. , Kawabata T. , Khrenov A. N. , Krasnov V. A. , Kurepin A. B. , Kurilkin A. K. , Kurilkin P. K. , Ladygina N. B. , Lipchinski D. , Livanov A. N. , Maeda Y. , Malakhov A. I. , Martinska G. , Piyadin S. M. , Popovichi J. , Prokofichev A. N. , Rapatsky V. L. , Reshetin A. I. , Reznikov S. G. , Rukoyatkin P. A. , Sakaguchi S. , Sakai H. , Sasamoto Y. , Sekiguchi K. , Skhomenko Ya. G. , Suda K. , Syschenko V. V. , Tarjányiová G. , Terekhin A. A. , Uesaka T. , Urban J. , Vasiliev T. A. , Vnukov I. E. , Zamiatin N. I. , Zubarev E. V.
Published: March 2016

Recent results on spin effects in few nucleon systems obtained at Nuclotron-JINR are presented. The data on the deuteron analyzing powers in different reactions in the wide energy range demonstrate the sensitivity to the short-range spin structure of the light nuclei. The future plans on the studies with polarized deuterons from new polarized ion source at Nuclotron will be reported.
Recent Results and Progress on Leptonic and Storage Ring EDM Searches
Authors: Kawall David
Published: March 2016

The Standard Model is incomplete and unable to explain the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the universe. Many extensions of the Standard Model predict new particles and interactions with additional [Formula: see text]-violating phases that can explain this imbalance. Electric dipole moments (EDMs) of fundamental particles, which are generated by [Formula: see text]-violating interactions, can be enhanced by many orders of magnitude by contributions from this new physics to a magnitude within reach of current and planned experiments. New approaches to EDM searches using storage rings, and their sensitivity to new physics are presented.
Towards a Precision Measurement of the Muon Pair Asymmetry in e+e− Annihilation at Belle and Belle II
Authors: Ferber Torben
Published: March 2016

The Standard Model predicts interference effects between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] boson exchange in fermion pair production which cause a forward–backward asymmetry [Formula: see text] even for energies well below the [Formula: see text]–pole. This energy–dependent asymmetry ([Formula: see text] at 10.58[Formula: see text]GeV) is proportional to the SM [Formula: see text] parameter and can be measured at the Belle and Belle[Formula: see text]II experiments. The sensitivity to New Physics as well as theoretical and experimental challenges are described.
Test of Time-Reversal Symmetry in the Proton-Deuteron Scattering
Authors: Uzikov Yu. N. , Temerbayev A. A.
Published: March 2016

The integrated cross section [Formula: see text] for a special type of double polarized proton-deuteron scattering constitutes a null test for time-invariance violating but P-parity conserving effects. Using Glauber theory for the [Formula: see text] elastic scattering and different types of phenomenological T-odd P-even NN-interactions we show that the contribution of the lowest mass meson exchange, i.e. the [Formula: see text]-meson, to the null-test signal [Formula: see text] vanishes. Variation of the cross section [Formula: see text] due to strong hadronic and Coulomb interaction is studied and its energy dependence is calculated in the GeV region.
Limit on Lorentz-Invariance- and CPT-Violating Neutron Spin Interactions Using a 3He-129Xe Comagnetometer
Authors: Allmendinger F. , Schmidt U. , Heil W. , Karpuk S. , Sobolev Yu. , Tullney K.
Published: March 2016

We performed a search for a Lorentz-invariance- and CPT-violating coupling of the 3He and [Formula: see text]Xe nuclear spins to posited background fields. Our experimental approach is to measure the free precession of nuclear spin polarized 3He and [Formula: see text]Xe atoms using SQUIDs as detectors. As the laboratory reference frame rotates with respect to distant stars, we look for a sidereal modulation of the Larmor frequencies of the co-located spin samples. As a result we obtain an upper limit on the equatorial component of the background field [Formula: see text] GeV (68% C.L.). This experiment is currently the most precise test of spin anisotropy due to the excellent long spin-coherence time.
Search for Spin-Dependent Short-Range Interaction with an 3He/129Xe Clock Comparison Experiment
Authors: Tullney Kathlynne , Heil Werner , Karpuk Sergei , Sobolev Yuri , Allmendinger Fabian , Schmidt Ulrich
Published: March 2016

We performed an experiment to search for a new spin-dependent P- and T-violating nucleon–nucleon interaction [Formula: see text] which is mediated by light pseudoscalar bosons such as axions or axionlike particles. This interaction causes a shift [Formula: see text] in the precession frequency of nuclear spin polarized gases in the presence of an unpolarized mass. In order to measure this frequency shift a 3He/[Formula: see text]Xe comagnetometer was used which is based on the detection of free precession of 3He and [Formula: see text]Xe nuclear spins using SQUIDs as detectors. For the upper limit of [Formula: see text] we obtained 7.1[Formula: see text]nHz. With this value, an upper limit of the scalar-pseudoscalar coupling of the axion to the spin of a bound neutron could be deduced within the axion mass window. For axion masses between 2 and 500[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]eV, the laboratory upper bounds were improved by up to 4 orders of magnitude.
The Deuteron Beam Polarimetry at Nuclotron-NICA
Authors: Ladygin V. P. , Kurilkin P. K. , Isupov A. Yu. , Janek M. , Reznikov S. G.
Published: March 2016

The current deuteron beam polarimetry at Nuclotron is provided by the Internal Target polarimeter based on the use of the asymmetry in dp- elastic scattering at large angles in the c.m.s. at 270 MeV. The calibration of the existing deuteron beam polarimeter at Internal Target in the wide energy range will allow to obtain the accuracy of the vector and tensor beam polarization values of about 3-5%. Further upgrade of low energy and extracted beam polarimeters is discussed.
High Energy Polarized e+e− Beams
Authors: Shatunov Yu. , Koop I. , Otboev A. , Mane S.
Published: March 2016

Recently, the wide discussion about Higgs-factory design again returns to problem of high energy polarized electrons and positrons. It’s good known the radiative beam polarization at LEP-collider. It was obtained after spin resonance suppression at [Formula: see text] pick, but didn’t appear at energies above 70 GeV due to an enhancement of unavoidable depolarization effects. We examine in this paper various ideas for radiative polarization at TLEP/FCC-ee and formulate some estimates for the polarization buildup time and the asymptotic polarization. Using wigglers, a useful degree of polarization (for energy calibration), with a time constant of about 1 h, may be possible up to the threshold of W pair production. At higher energies such as the threshold of Higgs production, attaining a useful level of polarization may be difficult in a planar ring. With Siberian Snakes, wigglers and some imagination, polarization of reasonable magnitude, with a reasonable time constant (of not more than about 1 h), may be achievable at very high energies.
Storage Ring Based EDM Search — Achievements and Goals
Authors: Lehrach Andreas
Published: March 2016

This paper summarizes the experimental achievements of the JEDI (Jülich Electric Dipole moment Investigations) Collaboration to exploit and demonstrate the feasibility of charged particle Electric Dipole Moment searches with storage rings at the Cooler Synchrotron COSY of the Forschungszentrum Jülich. Recent experimental results, design and optimization of critical accelerator elements, progress in beam and spin tracking, and future goals of the R & D program at COSY are presented.
Studies of Systematic Limitations in the EDM Searches at Storage Rings
Authors: Saleev Artem , Nikolaev Nikolai , Rathmann Frank
Published: March 2016

Searches of the electric dipole moment (EDM) at a pure magnetic ring, like COSY, encounter strong background coming from magnetic dipole moment (MDM). The most troubling issue is the MDM spin rotation in the so-called imperfection, radial and longitudinal, B-fields. To study the systematic effects of the imperfection fields at COSY we proposed the original method which makes use of the two static solenoids acting as artificial imperfections. Perturbation of the spin tune caused by the spin kicks in the solenoids probes the systematic effect of cumulative spin rotation in the imperfection fields all over the ring. The spin tune is one of the most precise quantities measured presently at COSY at [Formula: see text] level. The method has been successfully tested in September 2014 run at COSY, unravelling strength of spin kicks in the ring’s imperfection fields at the level of [Formula: see text].
A New Formalism for Classifying Spin-Orbit Systems Using Tools Distilled from the Theory of Bundles
Authors: Heinemann K. , Barber D. P. , Ellison J. A. , Vogt M.
Published: March 2016

We give an informal summary of ongoing work which uses tools distilled from the theory of fibre bundles to classify and connect invariant fields associated with spin motion in storage rings. We mention four major theorems. One ties invariant fields with the notion of normal form, the second allows comparison of different invariant fields and the two others tie the existence of invariant fields to the existence of certain invariant sets. We explain how the theorems apply to the spin dynamics of spin-[Formula: see text] and spin-[Formula: see text] particles. Our approach elegantly unifies the spin-vector dynamics from the T-BMT equation with the spin-tensor dynamics and other dynamics and suggests an avenue for addressing the question of the existence of the invariant spin field.
Estimation of Systematic Errors for Deuteron Electric Dipole Moment Search at COSY
Authors: Chekmenev Stanislav
Published: March 2016

An experimental method which is aimed to find a permanent EDM of a charged particle was proposed by the JEDI (Jülich Electric Dipole moment Investigations) collaboration. EDMs can be observed by their influence on spin motion. The only possible way to perform a direct measurement is to use a storage ring. For this purpose, it was decided to carry out the first precursor experiment at the Cooler Synchrotron (COSY). Since the EDM of a particle violates CP invariance it is expected to be tiny, treatment of all various sources of systematic errors should be done with a great level of precision. One should clearly understand how misalignments of the magnets affects the beam and the spin motion. It is planned to use a RF Wien filter for the precusor experiment. In this paper the simulations of the systematic effects for the RF Wien filter device method will be discussed.
Development of a Polarized Helium-3 Source for RHIC and eRHIC
Authors: Maxwell J. , Epstein C. , Milner R. , Alessi J. , Beebe E. , Pikin A. , Ritter J. , Zelenski A.
Published: March 2016

The addition of a polarized 3He ion source for use at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory would enable a host of new measurements, particularly in the context of a planned eRHIC. We are developing such a source using metastability exchange optical pumping to polarize helium-3, which will be then transferred into RHIC’s Electron Beam Ion Source for ionization. We aim to deliver nuclear polarization of near 70%, and roughly 10[Formula: see text] doubly-ionized 3He[Formula: see text] ions will be created in each 20 [Formula: see text]sec pulse. We discuss the design of the source, and the status of its development.
First Steps in Tensor Polarization Measurement using the DMR Lineshape
Authors: Keller Dustin
Published: March 2016

The first steps to investigate the tensor polarization measurement with uncertainty is outlined. The objective is to look into possible measurements of the deuteron alignment given an arbitrary lineshape that was distorted by a modulated RF field of know frequency range with respect to each absorption line.
Mechanisms of Disease of Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Authors: Davis Benjamin P. , Rothenberg Marc E.
Published: March 2016

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a recently recognized inflammatory disease of the esophagus with clinical symptoms derived from esophageal dysfunction. The etiology of EoE is now being elucidated, and food hypersensitivity is emerging as the central cornerstone of disease pathogenesis. Herein, we present a thorough picture of the current clinical, pathologic, and molecular understanding of the disease with a focus on disease mechanisms.
Consideration on Acid Accelerator Oriented to Reproduction of Sodium Borohydride from By-Product
Authors: Fukuzawa Taishi , Tomoda Keisuke , Funakawa Ryo , Hoshi Nobukazu , Katayama Noboru , Yoshizaki Atsuhiro , Hirata Keiichi
Published: March 2016

The authors have proposed and made a hydrogen supply system for FCHEV. This system can generate large amount of hydrogen by hydrolysis of powdery sodium borohydride (NaBH4). In the proposed system, the hydrolysis reaction rate is low even under the presence of nickel catalyst when the temperature is low. As a solution of this problem, until now, an acid solution like as citric acid is added until its temperature reached near 50℃. However, in the case of using the citric acid, an impurity like citrate is produced. Thus, it is desired to generate hydrogen without using the citric acid when the temperature is low. Therefore, in this research, a boric acid (H3BO3) as a new acid accelerator was considered in order not to product the impurity. Through experiments, we confirmed that hydrogen could generate continuously and the solution temperature could increase until the target temperature with using the boric acid when the temperature was low.
Spatiotemporal Expression and Molecular Characterization ofmiR-344bandmiR-344cin the Developing Mouse Brain
Authors: Leong Jia-Wen , Abdullah Syahril , Ling King-Hwa , Cheah Pike-See
Published: March 2016

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA known to regulate brain development. The expression of two novel miRNAs, namely,miR-344bandmiR-344c, was characterized during mouse brain developmental stages in this study.In situhybridization analysis showed thatmiR-344bandmiR-344cwere expressed in the germinal layer during embryonic brain developmental stages. In contrast,miR-344bwas not detectable in the adult brain whilemiR-344cwas expressed exclusively in the adult olfactory bulb and cerebellar granular layer. Stem-loop RT-qPCR analysis of whole brain RNAs showed that expression of themiR-344bandmiR-344cwas increased as brain developed throughout the embryonic stage and maintained at adulthood. Further investigation showed that these miRNAs were expressed in adult organs, wheremiR-344bandmiR-344cwere highly expressed in pancreas and brain, respectively. Bioinformatics analysis suggestedmiR-344bandmiR-344ctargetedOlig2andOtx2mRNAs, respectively. However, luciferase experiments demonstrated that these miRNAs did not targetOlig2andOtx2mRNAs. Further investigation on the locality ofmiR-344bandmiR-344cshowed that both miRNAs were localized in nuclei of immature neurons. In conclusion,miR-344bandmiR-344cwere expressed spatiotemporally during mouse brain developmental stages.
Effect of the Purple Corn Beverage “Chicha Morada” in Composite Resin during Dental Bleaching
Authors: Acuña Eric Dario , Delgado-Cotrina Leyla , Rumiche Francisco Aurelio , Tay Lidia Yileng
Published: March 2016

During dental bleaching the staining potential of the surface would increase. This study aims to evaluate the staining susceptibility of one bleached composite resin after the exposure to three different beverages: Peruvian purple corn based beverage (chicha morada), green tea, and distilled water. Thirty disk-shaped specimens of one nanofill composite resin were prepared. The specimens were then divided into six groups (n=5): purple corn (P), purple corn + bleaching (PB), green tea (T), green tea + bleaching (TB), distilled water (W), and distilled water + bleaching (WB). In groups that received bleaching, two sessions of bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide were done. Following bleaching, specimens were exposed to each liquid thirty minutes daily. Color was measured with a digital spectrophotometer. For statistical analysis, color measurement differences between the obtained results were used: during bleaching, after bleaching, and during + after bleaching. Two-way ANOVA was used to compare the color changes in the resins of all groups (p<0.05). We conclude that all the evaluated beverages produced changes of color in the composite resin regardless of the bleaching procedure. However, purple corn was the only beverage that caused a perceptible color change (ΔE>3.3).
Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Clinical Relevance of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Organisms in Rectal Cultures: Should We Target Antibiotic Prophylaxis Prior to Prostate Biopsy?
Authors: Van Besien J. , Uvin P. , Van den Abeele A. M. , Merckx L.
Published: March 2016

The rise of infectious complications after prostate biopsy has been linked to the growing resistance of enterobacteria to fluoroquinolone (FQ) antibiotics. In this review, we investigated the potential benefit of targeted antibiotic prophylaxis based on rectal cultures prior to prostate biopsy. An electronic search for all related literature published in English was performed from April until June 2015 using the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. Data were obtained regarding the true prevalence of FQ-resistant bacteria in the rectum of patients, the identification of those patients at risk of harbouring FQ-resistant bacteria, the risk of infectious complications after transrectal prostate biopsy in patients with FQ-resistant bacteria, and the effect of targeted prophylaxis. Although there is limited evidence that a targeted approach might be beneficial, we conclude that current studies on the use of rectal cultures in the prebiopsy setting have too many limitations and confounding variables to definitely accept this approach in clinical practice. Whether this methodology is useful in a certain region will greatly depend on local fluoroquinolone-resistance rates.
Function-Oriented Mobile Malware Analysis as First Aid
Authors: Jang Jae-wook , Kim Huy Kang
Published: March 2016

Recently, highly well-crafted mobile malware has arisen as mobile devices manage highly valuable and sensitive information. Currently, it is impossible to detect and prevent all malware because the amount of new malware continues to increase exponentially; malware detection methods need to improve in order to respond quickly and effectively to malware. For the quick response, revealing the main purpose or functions of captured malware is important; however, only few recent works have attempted to find malware’s main purpose. Our approach is designed to help with efficient and effective incident responses or countermeasure development by analyzing the main functions of malicious behavior. In this paper, we propose a novel method for function-oriented malware analysis approach based on analysis of suspicious API call patterns. Instead of extracting API call patterns for malware in each family, we focus on extracting such patterns for certain malicious functionalities. Our proposed method dumps memory sections where an application is allocated and extracts suspicious API sequences from bytecode by comparing with predefined suspicious API lists. By matching API call patterns with our functionality database, our method determines whether they are malicious. The experiment results demonstrate that our method performs well in detecting malware with high accuracy.
Therapeutics Role of Azadirachta indica (Neem) and Their Active Constituents in Diseases Prevention and Treatment
Authors: Alzohairy Mohammad A.
Published: March 2016

Neem (Azadirachta indica) is a member of the Meliaceae family and its role as health‐promoting effect is attributed because it is rich source of antioxidant. It has been widely used in Chinese, Ayurvedic, and Unani medicines worldwide especially in Indian Subcontinent in the treatment and prevention of various diseases. Earlier finding confirmed that neem and its constituents play role in the scavenging of free radical generation and prevention of disease pathogenesis. The studies based on animal model established that neem and its chief constituents play pivotal role in anticancer management through the modulation of various molecular pathways including p53, pTEN, NF‐κB, PI3K/Akt, Bcl‐2, and VEGF. It is considered as safe medicinal plants and modulates the numerous biological processes without any adverse effect. In this review, I summarize the role of Azadirachta indica in the prevention and treatment of diseases via the regulation of various biological and physiological pathways.
An Intelligent Ensemble Neural Network Model for Wind Speed Prediction in Renewable Energy Systems
Authors: Ranganayaki V. , Deepa S. N.
Published: March 2016

Various criteria are proposed to select the number of hidden neurons in artificial neural network (ANN) models and based on the criterion evolved an intelligent ensemble neural network model is proposed to predict wind speed in renewable energy applications. The intelligent ensemble neural model based wind speed forecasting is designed by averaging the forecasted values from multiple neural network models which includes multilayer perceptron (MLP), multilayer adaptive linear neuron (Madaline), back propagation neural network (BPN), and probabilistic neural network (PNN) so as to obtain better accuracy in wind speed prediction with minimum error. The random selection of hidden neurons numbers in artificial neural network results in overfitting or underfitting problem. This paper aims to avoid the occurrence of overfitting and underfitting problems. The selection of number of hidden neurons is done in this paper employing 102 criteria; these evolved criteria are verified by the computed various error values. The proposed criteria for fixing hidden neurons are validated employing the convergence theorem. The proposed intelligent ensemble neural model is applied for wind speed prediction application considering the real time wind data collected from the nearby locations. The obtained simulation results substantiate that the proposed ensemble model reduces the error value to minimum and enhances the accuracy. The computed results prove the effectiveness of the proposed ensemble neural network (ENN) model with respect to the considered error factors in comparison with that of the earlier models available in the literature.
Inhibition of FoxM1-Mediated DNA Repair by Imipramine Blue Suppresses Breast Cancer Growth and Metastasis
Authors: Rajamanickam Subapriya , Panneerdoss Subbarayalu , Gorthi Aparna , Timilsina Santosh , Onyeagucha Benjamin , Kovalskyy Dmytro , Ivanov Dmitri , Hanes Martha A. , Vadlamudi Ratna K. , Chen Yidong , Bishop Alexander J. , Arbiser Jack L. , Rao Manjeet K.
Published: March 2016

Purpose: The approaches aimed at inhibiting the ability of cancer cells to repair DNA strand breaks have emerged as promising targets for treating cancers. Here, we assessed the potential of imipramine blue (IB), a novel analogue of antidepressant imipramine, to suppress breast cancer growth and metastasis by inhibiting the ability of breast cancer cells to repair DNA strand breaks by homologous recombination (HR).

Experimental Design: The effect of IB on breast cancer growth and metastasis was assessed in vitro as well as in preclinical mouse models. Besides, the therapeutic efficacy and safety of IB was determined in ex vivo explants from breast cancer patients. The mechanism of action of IB was evaluated by performing gene-expression, drug–protein interaction, cell-cycle, and DNA repair studies.

Results: We show that the systemic delivery of IB using nanoparticle-based delivery approach suppressed breast cancer growth and metastasis without inducing toxicity in preclinical mouse models. Using ex vivo explants from breast cancer patients, we demonstrated that IB inhibited breast cancer growth without affecting normal mammary epithelial cells. Furthermore, our mechanistic studies revealed that IB may interact and inhibit the activity of proto-oncogene FoxM1 and associated signaling that play critical roles in HR-mediated DNA repair.

Conclusions: These findings highlight the potential of IB to be applied as a safe regimen for treating breast cancer patients. Given that FoxM1 is an established therapeutic target for several cancers, the identification of a compound that inhibits FoxM1- and FoxM1-mediated DNA repair has immense translational potential for treating many aggressive cancers. Clin Cancer Res; 22(14); 3524–36. ©2016 AACR.
IFNγ-Dependent Interactions between ICAM-1 and LFA-1 Counteract Prostaglandin E2–Mediated Inhibition of Antitumor CTL Responses
Authors: Basingab Fatemah Salem , Ahmadi Maryam , Morgan David John
Published: March 2016

Tumor-expressed ICAM-1 interaction with LFA-1 on naïve tumor-specific CD8+ T cells not only stabilizes adhesion, but, in the absence of classical B7-mediated costimulation, is also able to provide potent alternative costimulatory signaling resulting in the production of antitumor cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. This study shows that overproduction of prostaglandin (PG) E2 by metastatic murine renal carcinoma (Renca) cells inhibited direct priming of tumor-specific CTL responses in vivo by preventing the IFNγ-dependent upregulation of ICAM-1 that is vital during the initial priming of naïve CD8+ T cells. The addition of exogenous IFNγ during naïve CD8+ T-cell priming abrogated PGE2-mediated suppression, and overexpression of ICAM-1 by tumor cells restored IFNγ production and proliferation among PGE2-treated tumor-specific CD8+ T cells; preventing tumor growth in vivo. These findings suggest that novel anticancer immunotherapies, which increase expression of ICAM-1 on tumor cells, could help alleviate PGE2-mediated immunosuppression of antitumor CTL responses. Cancer Immunol Res; 4(5); 400–11. ©2016 AACR.
Diminished Lipid Raft SNAP23 Increases Blood Pressure by Inhibiting the Membrane Fluidity of Vascular Smooth-Muscle Cells
Authors: Yoon Mi So , Won Kyung-Jong , Kim Do-Yoon , Hwang Dae Il , Yoon Seok Won , Jung Seung Hyo , Lee Kang Pa , Jung Dongju , Choi Wahn Soo , Kim Bokyung , Lee Hwan Myung
Published: March 2016

Synaptosomal-associated protein 23 (SNAP23) is involved in microvesicle trafficking and exocytosis in various cell types, but its functional role in blood pressure (BP) regulation has not yet been defined. Here, we found that lipid raft SNAP23 expression was much lower in vascular smooth-muscle cells (VSMCs) from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) than in those from normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. This led us to investigate the hypothesis that this lower expression may be linked to the spontaneous hypertension found in SHR. The expression level of lipid raft SNAP23 and the fluidity in the plasma membrane of VSMCs were lower in SHR than in WKY rats. Cholesterol content in the VSMC membrane was higher, but the secreted cholesterols found in VSMC-conditioned medium and in the blood serum were lower in SHR than in WKY rats. SNAP23 knockdown in WKY rat VSMCs reduced the membrane fluidity and increased the membrane cholesterol level. Systemic overexpression of SNAP23 in SHR resulted in an increase of cholesterol content in their serum, a decrease in cholesterol in their aorta and the reduction of their BP. Our findings suggest that the low expression of the lipid raft SNAP23 in VSMCs might be a potential cause for the characteristic hypertension of SHR.
Respiratory Stabilization after Delivery in Term Infants after the Update of the Japan Resuscitation Council Guidelines in 2010
Authors: Hishikawa Kenji , Fujinaga Hideshi , Fujiwara Takeo , Goishi Keiji , Kaneshige Masao , Sago Haruhiko , Ito Yushi
Published: March 2016

Background: The Japan Resuscitation Council (JRC) updated the guidelines for neonatal cardiopulmonary resuscitation in 2010, which recommended appropriate oxygen supplementation under the assessment of oximetry, with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) as a consideration in the delivery room. Whether this update has resulted in an improvement of respiratory stabilization in term neonates has not been well investigated to date. Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of the update of the JRC Guidelines in 2010 on the frequency of respiratory support for term neonates within 24 h of life in the nursery or neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods: We conducted a retrospective, single-center study using data of term neonates born between 2008 and 2009 (defined as ‘group 1', before the update of the guidelines), and between 2011 and 2012 (defined as ‘group 2', after the update of the guidelines). We compared resuscitation procedures in the delivery room and respiratory support in the nursery or NICU within 24 h of life between the two groups. Respiratory support included oxygen therapy, nasal CPAP and mechanical ventilation. Results: A total of 5,036 infants were analyzed. In group 2, oxygen administration in the delivery room was significantly decreased (38.9 vs. 22.1%, p < 0.001) and face mask CPAP in the delivery room increased (1.7 vs. 11.1%, p < 0.001). The prevalence of respiratory support within 24 h of life in the nursery or NICU increased significantly in group 2 (group 1, 6.8% vs. group 2, 16.6%, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The update of the JRC Guidelines in 2010 resulted in an increase of respiratory support for term infants within 24 h of life.
Treatment of Kidney Stone in a Kidney-Transplanted Patient with Mini-Percutaneous Laser Lithotripsy: A Case Report
Authors: Markić Dean , Krpina Kristian , Ahel Juraj , Gršković Antun , Španjol Josip , Rubinić Nino , Materljan Mauro , Mikolašević Ivana , Orlić Lidija , Rački Sanjin
Published: March 2016

We report a case of a kidney-transplanted patient with urolithiasis treated with mini-percutaneous laser lithotripsy. The patient presented with renal dysfunction and graft hydronephrosis. Diagnostic procedures revealed ureterolithiasis as a cause of obstruction, and percutaneous nephrostomy was inserted as a temporary solution. Before surgery, the stone migrated to the renal pelvis. Mini-percutaneous laser lithotripsy was successfully performed, and during surgery, all stone fragments were removed. Six months after successful treatment, the patient has good functioning and stone-free graft.
Averting the Legacy of Kidney Disease - Focus on Childhood
Authors: Ingelfinger Julie R. , Kalantar-Zadeh Kamyar , Schaefer Franz ,   on behalf of the World Kidney Day Steering Committee
Published: March 2016

World Kidney Day 2016 focuses on kidney disease in childhood and the antecedents of adult kidney disease that can begin in earliest childhood. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in childhood differs from that in adults, as the largest diagnostic group among children includes congenital anomalies and inherited disorders, with glomerulopathies and kidney disease in the setting of diabetes being relatively uncommon. In addition, many children with acute kidney injury will ultimately develop sequelae that may lead to hypertension and CKD in later childhood or in adult life. Children born early or who are small-for date newborns have relatively increased risk for the development of CKD later in life. Persons with a high-risk birth and early childhood history should be watched closely in order to help detect early signs of kidney disease in time to provide effective prevention or treatment. Successful therapy is feasible for advanced CKD in childhood; there is evidence that children fare better than adults, if they receive kidney replacement therapy including dialysis and transplantation, while only a minority of children may require this ultimate intervention. Because there are disparities in access to care, effort is needed so that those children with kidney disease, wherever they live, may be treated effectively, irrespective of their geographic or economic circumstances. Our hope is that World Kidney Day will inform the general public, policy makers and caregivers about the needs and possibilities surrounding kidney disease in childhood.