bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fuzzy Comprehensive Model Analysis of New Diamond Material Based on VC Programming
Authors: Xiong Shan Mei , Wang Hui , Wu Ru Lian
Published: October 2014

This paper has designed a new diamond computer evaluation method by the use of the diamond evaluation model, and the combination of VC programming technology, and the method has been introduced into the evaluation of regional tourism comprehensive competitiveness. In order to achieve the comprehensive evaluation function of new diamond model, we have designed new diamond comprehensive fuzzy evaluation model by using fuzzy evaluation function to, and have the developed computer evaluation system of regional tourism competitiveness by combining VC programming technology. The system uses the market, enterprises and infrastructure the three aspects of evaluation factors to score the tourism competitiveness, which has realized the evaluation of computer automation function. Competitiveness of regional tourism industry in Shandong, Yunnan and Gansu and other areas is respectively scored through the function, and the results indicate that the comprehensive evaluation score of Yunnan is the highest, and that of Gansu is the lowest.
Improved Clustering Algorithm of Spatial Data Structure Based on Matlab Simulink
Authors: Xiong Shan Mei , Wu Ru Lian , Wang Hui
Published: October 2014

This paper has introduced the clustering algorithm into the model of urban tourism destination consumption structure, and has used MATLAB programming algorithm to improve the calculation model of consumption structure for tourism destination, which has obtained the spatial data model of the consumption structure. The model roundly considers the influence of geographical location, cultural factors, political factors and economic factors, and it establishes new clustering algorithm model with four coefficients, and has realized the algorithm by the use of MATLAB programming. Finally, the consumption structure of the same destination in different provinces is calculated by using the spatial system model, which has obtained the calculation curve of consumption space structure and the clustering results, and has provided technical reference for the research on consumption of urban tourism destination.
Identification of Energy Consumption and Energy Saving Potentials of Electric Drive Systems
Authors: Javied Tallal , Kreitlein Sven , Esfandyari Alireza , Franke Jörg
Published: October 2014

This paper provides an overview of different types of motor systems and several measurement principals in order to determine the electricity usage of these motors. It focuses on the measurement of electric values of different drive systems. A concept of rough analysis using software or excel based tools is discussed, which shows that it is a lot easier, efficient, and cost effective to first pin point the main electricity consumers and then initiate a fine analysis of these selected systems before a cost and time intensive process of measuring every single drive system is undertaken. To achieve this, a simple and systematic process is described in this paper, which can be used to identify the energy saving potential of drive systems without requiring expensive hardware.
Energy Concepts for Manufacturing Companies
Authors: Unterberger Eric , Karl Florian , Reinhart Gunther
Published: October 2014

Industry is one of the major energy consumers in order to fulfill the social responsibility of the energy turnaround, with the result to involve companies to use their own generated renewable energy. This objective poses sever challenges for industry. The occurring volatile energy can only be handled by an energy flexible production, which allows the adaption of different energy levels. These must be defined already in the planning stages, so that the production can react to the varying energy availability. A harmonized energy supply and energy demand requires a method to plan both systems.
Life Cycle Assessment Tool in the Early Stage of Development
Authors: Martens Thilo , Unterberger Eric , Gebbe Christian , Reinhart Gunther
Published: October 2014

Life cycle assessment is becoming increasingly important for industry. Like the economic impact the ecological impact is mainly determined in the early stage of development. The challenge in this context is that the impact is difficult to predict, if the product hasn’t been fully designed yet and if the production processes aren’t known. For the economic impact many empirical formulas exist, whereas for the ecological impact such formulas are still missing. Therefore, a life cycle impact assessment tool has been developed which supports the developer during all stages of development.
Energy Controlling - Analysis and Evaluation of Energy Measuring Equipment for the Purpose of Energy Transparency in Production Plants
Authors: Rackow Tobias , Javied Tallal , Geith Teresa , Schuderer Peter , Franke Jörg
Published: October 2014

This paper addresses the analysis and evaluation of energy measuring devices for the operation in the manufacturing industry. The focus lies on the comparison and scoring of energy meters regarding their performance spectrum against the backdrop of an energy controlling. Based on the fundamentals of electro technical metrology, the main measurement parameters were identified which are necessary for the purpose in the manufacturing industry. Further, capability characteristics for the differentiation of electricity meters were defined. With this, a classification of meters into a basic, a standard, an advanced and a premium class was undertaken. It is shown, that the advanced class is sufficient for the permanent monitoring of electricity consumption in the lights of energy controlling.
Identifying Energy Efficiency Potentials by Applying Flexible Measuring Systems
Authors: Hamacher Moritz , Boehner Johannes , Reger Arnim
Published: October 2014

This paper presents a flexible measuring system to identify energy efficiency potentials in the context of the ISO 50001 standard. On the basis of five essential requirements the flexible measuring system was structured into 4 modules which can be separately extended or modified. As the flexibility was in focus of the development this system it is able to measure the energy consumption on a very detailed level of the components of a machine. In addition it can also acquire measurement data of different other sensor signals like temperatures, flow rates etc. To evaluate the usability of the system in order to identify energy efficiency measures a use case was conducted. Results of the measurement data as well as possible energy savings of the investigated machinery are discussed at the end of this paper.
Energy Planning of Manufacturing Systems with Methods-Energy Measurement (MEM) and Multi-Domain Simulation Approach
Authors: Bornschlegl Martin , Paryanto  , Spahr Michael , Kreitlein Sven , Bregulla Markus , Franke Jörg
Published: October 2014

Energy costs play a decisive role in the operation costs of automotive production companies. Therefore, energy planning in an early conception and planning stage becomes an important topic. This is because the early conception and planning stage has the greatest potential to influence the energy consumption of manufacturing technologies since about 70-80 % of the energy costs are committed during this stage. However, lifetime cost and specifically energy consumption are currently not a determining factor at this stage. The reason is that the prediction of energy costs for complex manufacturing systems are challenging. Previous research approaches in the area of energy planning are limited to detailed planned production. A standardized approach to determine the energy consumption rates at an early stage does not exist. In this context, theEffiPLASproject has therefore proposed to solve this challenge. The aim of this project is to develop a Methods-Energy Measurement approach with elementary energy elements to support the planning process at an early stage, and to develop a modular simulation model for calculating the energy consumption of industrial robots, which complements the energy prediction. In this paper, the basic concept of elementary energy units and their value determination techniques is presented, and the simulation model is outlined. The developed approach will help to predict the prospective energy consumption of complex production equipment so that energy costs can be accounted for in an improved manner within a life-cycle costing comparative analyses.
Methodology to Increase Energy Efficiency in Discrete Manufacturing
Authors: Boehner Johannes , Hamacher Moritz , Reger Arnim
Published: October 2014

The utilisation phase of machinery in discrete manufacturing operations is characterized by changing economical and technical requirements like capacity, performance and as emerging requirement reduced energy consumption. Established industry practices as well as upcoming standards mainly focus on improving the energy efficiency by developing new machinery. Especially existing factories and the machinery in use offers energy saving potentials to be identified and to be capitalized by implementing energy saving retrofit measures. By doing so, the use of existing manufacturing machinery leads to a sustainable use of manufacturing equipment. The discussed research work therefore includes an approach to interpret in-process measurement data and to derive electric energy savings potentials. Based on this assessment, improvement measures like dimensioning, reduction of baseline energy-consumption by updating the PLC and minimisation of peak loads by energy management is engineered. Finally the financial impact of the obtained energy savings is quantified by evaluating the developed methodology during several use cases.
Implementation of the New Standard in the Field of Geometrical Product Specifications in Republic of Bulgaria
Authors: Toteva Pavlina , Mihaylova Nadezhda , Vassileva Dimka
Published: October 2014

The essential tool for improving product quality and reducing the manufacturing costs is the implementation of standards, relating to a product. Main group of ISO standards are standards related to Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS), where the requirements for geometrical characteristics of details that determine the execution of the functional purpose of the products are given. The purpose of this paper is to present the new standards of geometrical tolerancing of linear sizes, accuracy of form, orientation and position of surfaces and axes. In the paper are indicated problems associated with the implementation of that standards in Bulgaria and the ways to rectify them are given.
Creative Design for Skin and Shape Using Advanced CAD Systems
Authors: Kyratsis Panagiotis , Manavis Athanasios , Garcia-Hernadez César , Efkolidis Nikolaos
Published: October 2014

Design for X (DfX) is a methodology for the definition and implementation of a range of goals which allow the development of an optimal product based on a series of aspects i.e. manufacturing, assembly, reliability, usability, ergonomics. A great amount of research work has been implemented towards improving a product that is designed using different aspects of the design process as a criterion for optimization. The proposed Design for Skin & Shape methodology (DfS&S) is focusing towards the design of creative products and packages, based on a shape and graphic texture that clarifies directly in the customer mind what is the product on the selves. At the same time, it creates a clear optical identity to its mind for the product which is directly associated with the design. An additional advantage of the DfS&S is that it can reduce the product development time since the concept is defined from the beginning of the design cycle. A number of case studies are presented.
PLM and Eco-Design of Electronic Products According with Circular Economy Principles
Authors: Popa I. Luminiţa , Popa N. Vasile
Published: October 2014

The article is focused on new application of eco-design in the field of electronics. The concept of circular economy is a new trend in manufacturing technologies. It is not clear when an electronic product, being the last phase of lifecycle, will be defined as a waste. According with principles of circular economy there is no waste, only resources. The designer needs to design the electronic products taking in consideration the amount of resources which is the outcome of PLM. The Waste of Electronic and Electric Equipments (WEEE) is used as an input for another industrial process. Thus, the cycle is completed, nothing is lost and there is no pollution.
Some Aspects about Innovation Strategy of Firms in the Industry
Authors: Fenişer Cristina , Lungu Florin
Published: October 2014

The innovation process is a sequence of activities that carry out a company's management to produce new products and services for sale. At the same time, the category of innovation processes includes, market expansion activities, and improvement of: supply functionality, production processes, equipment maintenance, distribution channels, service and, last but not least, the perfectioning of the company's administrative and management activities. In this study we aimed to analyze the innovation strategy of firms in the industry in the county of Alba. As a research method we used a questionnaire-based survey. The data collected were subjected to a quantitative analysis. In specialized literature four types of innovation are conventionally defined : product innovation, process innovation, marketing innovation and organizational innovation. Product and process innovation are closely related to the concept of technological innovation and are the categories covered in this step. From the study's result we can see that innovation is a strategic priority for managers of industry in Alba County. They believe that the most important skills for innovation is the ability to anticipate the market's development, to attact innovative people and to develope new innovative technologies.
Analysis, Modeling and Simulation of Complex Regional Clusters Activities, Using Arena Simulation Software
Authors: Pîrnău Claudiu , Marinescu Ion Niculae , Țîțu Mihail Aurel
Published: October 2014

Process modelling is the concise description of the total variation in one quantity, y, by partitioning it into a deterministic component given by a mathematical function of one or more other quantities, x1, x2... plus a random component that follows a particular probability distribution. The models are material or immaterial systems, which represent other systems, so that it may be possible to manipulate the built structures and their states. The main elements of a simulation are: attributes (describe and differentiate entities), variables (system characteristics), resources (whose capacity can be variable), tails (seen in case of unavailability of resources) and statistical accumulators (measure needed indicators). The new cluster model used in the present paper is a "Five for all" type, which is based on the American concept of "Smart community". Following the regional SWOT analysis, we choose an enterprise (SME), a member of the regional innovation cluster, whose activities will be modelled using the Arena software: distribution and processing of steel products (sheet, profile, pipe, concrete, steel, stainless steel, alloy with special purpose). Welded pipe production, cutting heavy plate with gas and plasma, cutting and slitting foil, shaping and reinforcing steel in coils bars, components from. Trade in petroleum products and fertilizers. Foreign trade and transport. Modelling and simulation of industrial activities profile are based on statistics regarding the lifecycle of various products and equipment involved in their manufacture.
An Evaluation of the Ergonomics of the QWERTY Keyboards
Authors: Ciobanu Octavian
Published: October 2014

The ergonomic design of a keyboard layout needs expertise in design and ergonomic standards. The existence of different categories of users with slow typing skills, visually searching the apparently random keyboard, including novice users, elder persons and disabled persons conducts to the need of new keyboard layouts. Paper analyses some papers approaching the QWERTY keyboard layouts, the typing abilities of slow typing skills persons and discusses the existing standards in computer devices design and makes observations about design standards and ergonomic design features. There are presented some considerations about the necessity to implement the principles of Transgenerational Design, Inclusive Design, Design for All and Universal design to the design of new keyboard layouts.
Practical Approaches in the Design of Everyday Objects for the Elderly
Authors: Butlewski Marcin
Published: October 2014

Ergonomic design for elderly people requires consideration of factors relating to both the dwindling reserves of resources as well as the specific needs of the elderly. This requires the use of special techniques both in terms of data collection, for which methods of ethnography design can be used, as well as transferring the identified needs into product characteristics for which, in addition to traditional decision-making tools such as QFD, virtual modeling can be used successfully. The article presents the sequence of actions recommended in ergonomic design for the elderly in which the most important element is the observation of elderly people and the determination of the causes of their specified behavior. The article identifies a list of the most important ergonomic criteria for the design of everyday objects for the elderly which include: anthropometric characteristics, abilities of effectors and receptors, capacity, ability to process information, resistance to physical and organizational environmental factors, as well as tastes and personality patterns. Expanding on these criteria a design method is developed, and finally a practical example is described in which the method is used to develop solutions aiding the ergonomic accessibility of objects for the elderly.
Models of the Equipment of Drilling and Extraction Used in the Teaching Activity
Authors: Pană Ion , Lambrescu Ionuţ
Published: October 2014

This paper illustrates how software products are realized and used into the training of the students from the Petroleum–Gas University of Ploiesti (PGUP) Romania, through the collaboration between the Department of Mechanical Engineering and Department of Information Technology, Mathematics and Physics. A model of the circulation system of a drilling rig is built, in Simulink. This model includes: the mechanism of the reciprocating pump; the working system of the reciprocating pump; the smoothing system of the pump flow, using a gas charged dampener; the drive system of the reciprocating pump: diesel engine and torque converter.
Design Methodology of Laminating Tools
Authors: Măgurian Daniel , Oancea Gheorghe
Published: October 2014

This paper presents a design methodology of laminating tools for automotive interior parts using CATIA software package. The authors developed a software tool namedLTFrameDesignusingVBA for Applicationunder CATIA package, which automatically generates the main frame of the laminating tool according to the parts shapes, its dimensions and designer requirements. The software automates some stages of standard design and minimizes the design time and costs. The paper also presents the design stages which are followed by the user to obtain a 3D complete assembly of the laminating tool.
The Influence of Dimensional-Type Mathematical Model for Cylindrical Deep Drawing on the Distribution of Extreme Unitary Stresses
Authors: Chiorescu Dan , Nagîț Gheorghe , Dodun Oana , Mihalache Ștefan
Published: October 2014

The The 3D modelling, compared to the 2D-symmetrical rotation (axial) modelling, is much more complex and one of the reasons for this, with a view to plastic anisotropy, is that 3D modelling adopts normal anisotropy while 2D modelling adopts symmetrical rotational anisotropy. When the finite element method is used for numerical solving, the number of nodes in the discretization network is much larger in the 3D modelling and even when using last generation PCs the processing time is much longer. For this reason, for expedite calculations, as those needed to establish, in a first approximation, the optimal parameters of a deep drawing process I analysed in this paper the possibility to use the 2D-symmetrical rotation (axial) modelling. In a first phase, we intend to create a representative set of deep drawing problems and then to solve them through numerical simulations using Ansys package, using both the 3D modelling, in cartesian coordinates, and the 2D-symmetrical rotation (axial) modelling, in cylindrical coordinates. Runnings shall be carried out for various refinement levels of discretization network in finite elements. The calculation times shall be compared for these two modellings and following the comparative analysis of the results we can deduce the errors entered in the 2D modelling. These errors shall be assessed by analysing and comparing the extreme unitary stresses as follows: normal stress by the Ox and Oy axes , in the 3D modelling, and in the 2D modelling by the Ox / Oy axis; shear stresses by the XZ and YZ planes, in the 3D modelling and in the 2D modelling by the XZ plane.
Electrochemical Discharge Grinding of Chrome Alloyed Steels in Inorganic Solutions
Authors: Nistoran Botis Mihaela
Published: October 2014

The behavior of chrome alloyed steel in various combinations of inorganic media has been studied. Steel samples were processed by electrochemical discharge grinding in nitrates (KNO3, NaNO3), chlorate solution (NaClO3) and nitrates with various additives (KNO3+Na2CO3, NaNO3 +NaClO3). In inorganic solutions, the presence of a great number of negative ions (NO3-, ClO3- HO-) resulted by electrolytic dissociation of the salts, increases the metal oxidation as well as anodic dissolution. The rate of metal dissolution increased with the increasing NO3- ions that accelerate the anodic dissolution
Artificial Intelligence Model for the Prediction of Cut Quality in Abrasive Water Jet Cutting
Authors: Madić Miloš , Janković Predrag , Slătineanu Laurenţiu , Radovanović Miroslav
Published: October 2014

In abrasive water jet cutting, the cut quality is of great importance. In this paper, artificial intelligence model was developed for the prediction of cut quality in abrasive water jet cutting of aluminum alloy. To this aim, artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed in terms of workpiece material thickness, traverse rate and abrasive flow rate. Three-layered feedforward ANN model having four hidden neurons trained with backpropagation algorithm with momentum was used for modeling purposes. The mathematical model showed high prediction accuracy with average absolute percentage error of about 3 %. Using the developed ANN model, 3-D graphs, showing the interaction effects of the traverse rate and abrasive flow rate for three different thicknesses, were given. It was showed that ANNs may be used as a good alternative in analyzing the effects of abrasive water jet cutting parameters on the cut quality characteristics.
Optimization of Laser Cut Quality Characteristics Considering Material Removal Rate Based on Pareto Concept
Authors: Madić Miloš , Radovanović Miroslav , Slătineanu Laurenţiu , Dodun Oana
Published: October 2014

Stainless steels are one of the most important engineering materials widely used in the industry. This paper presents multi-objective optimization of CO2 laser cutting of stainless steel considering different cut quality characteristics and material removal rate (MRR). Laser cutting experiment trials were conducted based on Taguchis L27 experimental design by varying the laser power, cutting speed, assist gas pressure and focus position at three levels. Using obtained experimental data, six mathematical models for the prediction of surface roughness, kerf width, kerf taper angle, width of heat affected zone, dross height and MRR were developed using artificial neural network (ANN). The developed mathematical models were taken as objective functions for the multi-objective optimization using genetic algorithm based on Pareto concept. As a result of multi-objective optimization, five 2-D Pareto fronts were generated covering all combinations of cut quality characteristics and MRR. It was observed that the mathematical relationships in the Pareto fronts between MRR and cut quality characteristics are in some cases linear and in another nonlinear.
A Simulation of Spot Welding Process
Authors: Cohal Viorel
Published: October 2014

The paper presents the optimization of spot welding parameters using offline simulation. The procedure of making simulation with SORPAS® is similar to the procedure of doing practical welding process, which can be divided into the following three steps:Data preparation - the materials and geometries of the workpieces and electrodes are defined, the type of welding machine is selected and the process parameters are specified.Running simulation of welding - the parts are welded in the selected welding machine with the specified process parameter settings. The simulations can be carried out in four ways: single simulations, batch simulations, automated optimizations and weld planning.Evaluation of results - the results of welding and quality of weld are evaluated thus the design and parameter settings are verified. With the optimization procedures the weld growth curve can be obtained.
Influence of Cutting Parameters on Surface Morphology of Austenitic Stainless Steel after Turning
Authors: Krolczyk M. Grzegorz , Legutko Stanisław , Maruda W. Radoslaw
Published: October 2014

The study presents the contribution in engineering of surfaces particularly in surface morphology of Austenitic Stainless Steels. The objective of the investigation was to determine the surface morphology of austenitic stainless steel after turning with coated carbide tool point. The investigation included geometrical parameters of SI for different cutting parameters in dry turning process of austenitic stainless steel. The study has been performed within a production facility during the production of electric motor parts and deep-well pumps.
Experimental Studies on Adherence Resistance of Thermally Sprayed Metallic Coatings
Authors: Georgescu Iuliana Silvia , Cazac Alin Marian , Baciu Elena Raluca , Bejinariu Costică , Baciu Constantin , Toma Ştefan Lucian
Published: October 2014

The paper aims to determine, through experiments, the necessary force for detaching the deposited layer (SD) from the support layer (SB). The thermal sprayed coating was formed by successive deposition of two sub-layers, one for anchorage and the second for corrosion resistance. Shear adhesion strength tests were performed on a specialized stand, while force (Fad) and displacement (x) values were recorded with a data acquisition system. The variation curves, Fad = f (x), outline the evolution of the detachment process of the sprayed layer and the two main components of the deformation process: slip and breakage.
Modelling and Optimization Study on Hardness of Ni-Fe Alloy Thin Films through Electroplating Process
Authors: Poroch-Seriţan Maria , Bulai Petru , Severin Traian Lucian , Gutt Gheorghe
Published: October 2014

The hardness of the coated surfaces by nickel-iron electroplating process is closely linked to the characteristics of deposited layer. These characteristics depend on various process variables, such as current density, temperature, pH and stirring. This work presents the modelling and the optimization of nickel-iron electroplating process variables to maximize the surface hardness. To study the combined effect of current densityJ(A/dm2), temperature T (°C) and pH were used a 23orthogonal central composite experimental design for experiments design and Response Surface Methodology for analysis of experimental results. The modelling was performed using the following intervals for process variables: 1.75 - 3.51 A/dm2for current density, 25-35 °C for temperature and 2.5-3.5 for pH. The empirical model was further used in the optimization process using the Gradient method. The optimum values of these electroplating process variables were found to beJ= 2.23 A/dm2,T= 30.80°C andpH= 2.81; in this point the surface hardness is 136.89 HV given by empirical model and 137.52 confirmed experimentally.
Research Regarding the Relationship of the Axial Cutting Force at Drilling of the Stainless Steel X15CrNiSi20-12
Authors: Blăjină Ovidiu , Darie Vlad , Vlase Aurelian , Iacob Marius
Published: October 2014

This paper studies the cutting force at drilling of the stainless steel X15CrNiSi20-12. The structure of the cutting force relation was modified with respect to the relation available in the technical literature for common steels. The tool speed was included in the calculus relation. The experimental data and their subsequent processing represent the original contributions of the authors to the estimation of polytropic exponents and to the assessment in terms of structure of the calculus relation of the cutting force. The paper also contains graphs for the variation of the cutting force with parameters of the cutting technology. The graphs are drawn based on the analytic relationship of the cutting force, obtained in the paper, using the mathematical softwareMaple. The results presented in this study can be taken into consideration in the educational studies and in the theoretical technical research. Also, they can be readily implemented in the manufacturing activity. Our further studies aim these problems for another steels classes.
Analysis of Residual Stresses in Steel Welded Parts Using Ultrasounds
Authors: Dușa Petru , Lupașcu Radu Baciu
Published: October 2014

Welding is an assembly process used in different industries. The residual stresses influences fatigue behavior, fracture strength, corrosion resistance and for these reasons knowing their values are important. During time, many destructive as well as nondestructive methods to evaluate residual stresses were developed. Stress is evaluated by inducing a sound wave with the frequency of several megahertz into the sample and measuring velocity related parameters. Besides stress which affects sound velocity there are many others characteristics of metals with same influence and for this reason sorting from different influences made the estimation difficult. On another hand ultrasonic technology has many wave modes to investigate materials including bulk wave (longitudinal and shear wave), surface wave (Rayleigh) every mode offering unique parameters for extracting information. Of the several characteristics that may be used to measure stress the most exploited seems to be sound velocity dependence on the elastic modulus. Our research to estimate residual stress into steel welded parts is based on dependence between sound velocity and elastic modulus using longitudinal sound wave. To conduct the experiments was designed sample as a frame. The sample was loaded using adapted equipment and the results were used for FEA tools (SolidWorks SimulationXpress) to obtain the distribution of stresses and displacements. This approach allowed the location of points of interest to the investigation with ultrasound. The ultrasound investigation was made and presented in comparative tables. It is found that the variation of the velocity of sound for the two charge states of the piece is, on average, 5.8 per thousand. Particular values of residual stress values are observed for the points corresponding with weld or fusion zone and heat-affected zone. The ultrasonic investigation permits the evaluation of bulk stress state of welded components with acceptable accuracy.
Some Methods and Techniques for Optimizing Dimensional Processing Using Complex, Electrical and Electrochemical Erosion
Authors: Herman Richard , Herman Mihaela
Published: October 2014

The optimization of complex, electrical and electrochemical erosion processing focuses on improving quality and reducing energy consumption while processing, considering the actual growing of the energy crisis. The technological process is considered to be a system and its components are considered to be subsystems. This paper contains an analysis of the optimization methods that can be applied to dimensional processing using complex, electrical and electrochemical erosion and states the optimization directions and methods that can be used in order to increase the performance of some of the components of the technological process (the subsystems) or of the whole process (the system).
Production Orders Sequencing in Mixed-Model Assembly Lines
Authors: Zemczak Marcin
Published: October 2014

The paper presents the production orders sequencing issue, which main aim is to establish a proper sequence of tasks, that would maximize the utilization of companys production capacity. According to the literature research, the sequencing problem considered in the paper, may be denoted as CSP (Car Sequencing Problem) and belongs to the NP-hard class, as has been proven by simple reduction from Hamiltonians Path problem [1]. Optimal method of solution has not yet been found, therefore only approximate solutions have been offered [2]. Approximate solutions are based mainly on the evolutionary algorithms. However certain problems, as lack of possibility to check the effectiveness of the solution or the possibility to reach twice the same solution are observed. Regardless of the structure of specific assembly system, while considering reception of new tasks into the execution, current review of the state of the system is obligatory in order to decide whether, when and which new order can be accepted for assembly. In this paper, the problem of task scheduling is limited to the specific existing mixed-model production system. The main goal is to determine the effective method of creation of task sequence.
Stress-Strain Characteristics of Polyester Composites with Singlewall, Multiwall and Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Ciupagea Luminita , Andrei Gabriel , Dima Dumitru , Circiumaru Adrian , Cotet Adrian
Published: October 2014

Performance evaluation of the polyester composites with added carbon nanotubes is presented herein, based on the results of compressive tests. Composites were obtained from polyester resin mixed with three types of carbon nanotubes: singlewall, multiwall and functionalized. The contents of carbon nanotubes were 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2 wt%. Cylindrical specimens with a diameter of 6 mm and a height of 9 mm were designed and prepared in conformity with the standards. Compressive tests were performed according to ISO 604, at the speeds of 1, 5, 10, 25 and 50 mm/min. Morfological study of the samples was carried out using SEM analysis. Dispersive X-ray spectrum in energy, associated with SEM micrograph, enabled to notice the elements existing in the composite. Stress-strain characteristics of polyester composite were determined through the compressive tests. The results revealed improved mechanical behavior of polyester composite, for test speed under 10 mm/min.
Gamma Titanium Aluminides Behavior at High Temperature Static Short-Term Stress
Authors: Alexandrescu Elvira , Banu Alexandra , Trifănescu Mihai , Paraschiv Alexandru
Published: October 2014

Today conventional titanium-based alloys represent one third of the weight of modern aircraft engines and, are the second most used engine material following Ni-based superalloys. [1] Titanium aluminide alloys based on intermetallic phases γ (TiAl) and α2 (Ti3Al) and the most recent – orthorhombic titanium aluminide, are widely recognized as having the potential to meet the design requirements for high temperature applications. The outstanding thermo-physical and mechanical properties of these materials rely mainly on the strongly ordered nature and the directional bonding of the compounds. These involve: high melting point, above 1460°C, low density of 3,9-5 g/cm3, according the alloying degree, high elastic modulus (high stiffness), high yield strength and good creep resistance at high temperature, low diffusion coefficient, good structural stability at high temperature. The main objective of our paper are focussed on the short-term mechanical properties if Titanium niobium aluminide at 850°C. High temperatures mechanical properties evaluation was performed by tensile testing at temperature of 850°C on universal static and dynamic testing machine Instron 8802, equipped with high temperature system, for maximum 1000°C, and extensometer with a measuring basis of 40 mm. The mechanical tensile test was performed according the ASTM E8, with control of deformation and a testing rate of 10-4 mmsec.-1. Short-term behavior request of the support uncovered alloys, at 850°C has proved to be modest and it seems obvious that the alloys based on titanium aluminides cannot be used without protective coatings. Key words: titanium aluminides, high temperatures, mechanical properties
Experimental Determining of Mechanical and Elastic Characteristics for the Material Used in the Manufacturing of Cardan Crosses
Authors: Avrigean Eugen , Oleksik Valentin Stefan , Pascu Adrian Marius
Published: October 2014

The paper presents in its first part the need for analysing the functioning of the cardan cross within the cardan transmission, both from the point of view of shape and from the point of view of the material. In the second part there are described the main elements for analysing the test samples, the employed testing machine, as well as the manner of processing the obtained information. The last part contains the conclusions resulted from this analysis..
Theoretical and Experimental Research on Mechanical Behavior of Layered Composites Laminates
Authors: Ghitan Bogdan Nicolae , Cofaru Nicolae Florin
Published: October 2014

The aim of the research of the experiment was to determine the mechanical characteristics of the composite layered material. There has been two types of experimental tests i.e. test for determining the tensile modulus of elasticity of the material, the maximum voltage and the elongation at break of the material. The second type of test is the flexural test was intended to determine the maximum load that the breaking is produced by bending.
Profilometric Evaluation of the Worn Surfaces under Dry Reciprocating Wear Conditions of a Composite Material to Repair Brass Made Parts
Authors: Iliuţă Virgil , Rîpă Minodora , Andrei Gabriel , Preda Adriana , Suciu Cornel , Javorova Juliana
Published: October 2014

This paper presents the results of the profilometric analysis of wear tracks from tribological tests of a composite material made by Diamond Metallplastic GmbH, Germany. This material has a polymer matrix reinforced with Cu, Zn, Sn particles, and various allotropic forms of SiO2. The material belongs to Multimetall Messing category and is recommended by the manufacturer for repairing brass made parts. This composite material was tribologically tested in dry friction reciprocating conditions, in ball-on-flat configuration, using the tribotester CETR-UMT-2 (Bruker Corporation). The counterpiece was a steel ball. The tests were conducted at normal loads of 20, 30, 40 and 50N, over a distance of 100 m, at an average sliding speed of 3,50 mm/s, at room temperature and relative humidity of 40-60%. The wear tracks were examined with the help of a laser profilometer and the profilometric module of the tribotester CETR-UMT-2 (Bruker Corporation). The profilometric analysis results for the composite are compared to those obtained for brass. Comparing the wear tracks of the two materials, it can be found that the composite material has a better tribological behavior than the brass.
Procedure against Overturning of the Road-Rail Machines Load Distributions on Wheels
Authors: Sebeşan Ioan , Ene Marius Ovidiu , Călin Marian
Published: October 2014

An overturning safety statically procedure for a road rail machine, with a dual rolling system road and rail, in railway disposition it is show in the present paper. It is analyses the load distribution of the pairs wheels of the machine.
New Algorithm for the Gauges Design
Authors: Orzan Iulian , Buzatu Constantin
Published: October 2014

Starting from the actual standardized methodology for projection of the control gauges, this paper presents a new algorithm for the design, which is taking into consideration also the number of serial production parts which are verified, by increasing the efficiency of the gauges number used and the reduction of the control costs. Furthermore, based on the experimental data presented, the mathematical methods of the tolerance execution field of the gauges and respectively the wear field, of the GO, NOGO gauges for interior and exterior diameter.
Contributions to Multi-Criteria Optimization of Cutting Processing
Authors: Buzatu Constantin , Dumitrascu Adela Eliza , Dumitrascu Dorin Ion , Orzan Iulian
Published: October 2014

Based on the experimental research and of theoretical studies in the paper it is presented recommendations and possibilities for the multicriteria optimization of the machining processes. For the application, it is analyzed in this way, the case of the turning process, in special the operation of roughness. The results of the research are analyzed, in special, with the help of suggestive graphs, based on it is presented recommendations for the optimizations of the design and technological process for the machining production from energy consumption, costs and productivity point of view.
Influence of Resistant Forces on the Positioning Precision of Kinematic Feed Chains Used on CNC Machine Tools
Authors: Funaru Marian , Stan Gheorghe
Published: October 2014

Many researches from the international literature and also those of the specialised companies from the machine tools domain, have focused in the past years on increasing the positioning precision and implicitly, the manufacturing precision of the numerically controlled machine tools. The results of these efforts have led to the elimination or compensation of different factors which affect the positioning precision of the kinematic feed chains. Nevertheless, the effects of some factors still find themselves in the positioning error of the kinematic feed chains, an important component of this error being represented by the cutting and friction force induced error (resistant errors). This paper presents a new method of experimental analysis for establishing the influence of resistant forces on the positioning precision of the kinematic feed axis. Due to the fact that measuring the positioning precision during the cutting process is difficult to achieve, the experiments were carried out using a simulated force. In order to simulate an axial force, a hydraulic system was adopted, composed of a hydraulic cylinder, a distributor valve and a check valve.
Study of Water-Oil Emulsion Stability
Authors: Buzdugă Ştefania Roxana , Sajin Tudor
Published: October 2014

This paper presents the general features about the stability of emulsions and modeling particle sedimentation process at the flow of water-oil emulsion (WOE) through a horizontal pipe. Are presented a plant and the methodology for determining the stability of WOE, and finally the experimental results that validates the theoretical equations and particle sedimentation model along the pipeline.
Contributions to Soil Resistance Mapping for Increasing Parts Durability for Agricultural Machinery
Authors: Lungu Sergiu , Paraschiv Dragoş , Antonescu Ion , Enculescu Eugen , Bardac Doru
Published: October 2014

The Paper Presents a Study Conducted by the Authors for Mapping of Soil Resistance According to Depth and Space. the Determination of Penetration Resistance Pressure of the Soil was Done in Field, with a Penetrograph, and the Experimental Data were Statistically Analyzed, in Order to Assess the Loading Regimes Faced by the Active Organs of Agricultural Machinery while Working for Soil Processing, for Estimating the Influences on their Durability. A Durability Case Study on a Real Reversible Chisel Type Cultivator Blade was also Conducted, Using a 3D Finite Element Solid Model and Two Classical 2D Models in Order to Determine its Fatigue Response, Using as Loads the Determined Soil Resistance Pressure.
Experimental Research Regarding the Influence of Pocket Pressure Values on the Stiffness of Hydrostatic Guideways
Authors: Pascu Marius , Stan Gheorghe
Published: October 2014

A very important parameter which must be considered when designing a hydrostatic guideway of high stiffness is the pressure from the hydrostatic pockets. Modifications of this parameter during functioning are caused by variations of flow and supply pressure and also by the defective geometry of the hydrostatic pockets. The pocket pressure has a major importance for achieving the hydraulic sustentation, because it determines the load capacity, which thenceforth determines the film thickness and the flow. The latter is used for determining the hydraulic resistance of lands and also for deciding the geometry of the hydrostatic guideway as a whole. Based on these considerations, the analysis of the pocket pressure variations represents an important criterion which should be taken into account when designing a hydrostatic guideway with a very high stiffness. The present paper contains a new method for analysing the hydrostatic guideway behaviour with regard to its stiffness, for different pocket pressure values. The experimental research was carried out on a closed hydrostatic guideway, with the moving element having the dimensions of 500x260 [m and the pocket dimensions of 150x88 [m.
Measuring the Impact Forces within the Cleaning Nozzles Sewage System
Authors: Medan Nicolae , Ravai Nagy Sándor , Banica Mihai
Published: October 2014

Industrial cleaning is a classic application of water jets technology. In the late 1950s, when reliable high pressure pumps were built, the usage of water jets spread widely in the field of pipes and sewerage cleaning. In our particular case, water jets with less than 340 bar pressure are being used. The experiment is the research method used in the study of the impact forces that occur in the sewerage cleaning head system. In order to measure the impact forces between the water jet and a flat and rigid surface, we designed and built a stand for generating pressure jets, as well as a device to measure the impact force. Using the impact forces measured were calculated the coefficients of discharge, speed and contraction of water jet at the outlet of nozzle.
Photogrammetric Scanning and Applications in Medicine
Authors: Ciobanu Octavian , Rotariu Mariana
Published: October 2014

Creating 3D models automatically from photographs is a relatively new technology. This sort of 3D scanning is based on the principles of photogrammetry, similar in methodology to panoramic photography; the photos are taken of one object and from different positions of camera in order to replicate the object. Paper approaches different typical anatomic surfaces by photogrammetric scanning and 3D reconstruction. Documented surfaces include anatomic surfaces like foot, upper body, head, and ear. The aim is to give users recommendations, which body part is suited best for this type of scanning, or even if a combination of photogrammetry and another 3D scanning technique is advisable. Comments like possible medical applications, quality of the results, required equipment and occurring problems are to be considered.
Sound Reasearch in Precessional Transmission
Authors: Malcoci Iulian
Published: October 2014

Sound may be defined as any pressure variation (in air, water or other medium) that the human ear can detect. Just like dominoes, a wave motion is set off when an element sets the nearest particle of air into motion. This motion gradually spreads to adjacent air particles further away from the source. Depending on the medium, sound propagates at different speeds. In air, sound propagates at a speed of approximately 340 m/s. In liquids and solids, the propagation velocity is greater 1500 m/s in water and 5000 m/s in steel [2].