bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A partir de quel âge le désir d’enfant est-il «légitime» ?
Authors: Pourchez Laurence
Published: November 2020

Il s’agira, dans ce chapitre de revenir sur une enquête anthropologique effectuée en 2009 et 2010 avec Sandrine Dupé à la demande de l’ARS Océan Indien. Cette recherche, publiée en 2011, a remis en question de nombreux préjugés concernant les mères mineures : si elles sont bien, pour nombre d’entre elles, issues de milieux sociaux modestes, il est impossible de les considérer comme une seule entité en raison de la grande variabilité des situations selon les âges. En outre, contrairement à de nombreuses idées reçues, véhiculées, notamment, par les médias ou certaines personnes qui peuvent trouver, dans un tel discours, un fond de commerce professionnel, personnel ou politique, elles ne sont pas motivées par le désir de toucher l’API, leur grossesse n’est pas forcément le fruit d’un accident ou d’une violence intrafamiliale (il est le plus souvent fruit d’un désir d’enfant lui-même consécutif à une relation amoureuse suivie) ; il n’y a pas forcément nécessité de les protéger contre elles-mêmes. Interrogeant le terme fréquemment employé de « grossesse précoce », l’étude a montré que les mères mineures sont, lors de leur accouchement, âgées, pour la plupart d’entre elles, de plus de 17 ans. En outre, les entretiens révèlent le fait que les naissances sont fréquemment l’aboutissement de grossesses désirées. Que doit-on alors considérer comme « grossesse précoce » ? A partir de quel âge, le désir d’enfant est-il socialement légitime ?
Théologie protestante de la santé
Authors: Bauer Olivier
Published: November 2020

Comment la théologie protestante — entendue au double sens de conception protestante et de discours réflexif sur cette conception — conçoit-elle la santé ? Nous proposons un état de la question qui met en évidence, dans le cadre d’une spiritualité largement sécularisée, la spécificité et l’originalité d’une théologie protestante de la santé : elle refuse de faire de la santé spirituelle un ordre spécifique de la santé pour en faire le sens donné à la santé et à la maladie dans ses ordres biologique et psychosocial.
Social and epistemic disparities of the precariat.
Authors: du Plessis Hester
Published: November 2020

We are facing two major challenges in present times. The first challenge is the global mass migrations of people due to war, climate change and environmental degradation, who are forced to work in precarious situations, often leading to socio-political disruptions. The second challenge lies in technology that provides a global network for the migration of ideas, liberating knowledge from its geographical and disciplinary boundaries and challenging our perceptions of human exceptionality. To bring together these challenges might seem impossible, but when one looks at the uncertainties emerging around humanity’s future, this is possibly a necessary task. In this chapter I would like to initiate some thinking in that direction.
Comment la spiritualité peut émerger lors d’entretiens psychothérapeutiques
Authors: Dénéréaz Yves
Published: November 2020

L’article montre l’importance du cadre dans l’accompagnement spirituel et thérapeutique. A partir d’une vignette clinique d’entretien de famille, l’article montre comment le travail sur le cadre de la demande peut permettre à la famille de partager ses points de vue et d’évoluer. Les entretiens autour des différences de vécu spirituel (narration, métaphores, rituels, pratiques) au sein de la famille favorisent une meilleure différenciation des membres de la famille et une évolution globale.
Cas clinique traité avec la logothérapie : « Quand la vie retrouve un sens »
Authors: Russo Maria , Steiner Tamara
Published: November 2020

A l’aide d’une vignette clinique, l’agir thérapeutique fondé sur les principes de la logothérapie, illustre comment le thérapeute accompagne grâce à la modulation d’attitude, vers un espace de liberté en s’appuyant sur les ressources du patient qui parvient à redonner du sens à son existence.
Ce que l’on sait de l’entraide
Authors: Rebelo André
Published: November 2020

Le texte ci-dessous est un témoignage. Il raconte l’histoire de la création d’InFLEchir à l’Université Paris-Sorbonne (nouvellement Sorbonne Université) et tente d’analyser les ressorts qui ont permis à cette expérience de voir le jour. Comment se forme une expérience solidaire ? Quelles en sont les obstacles ? Comment peut-elle perdurer et qu’apprend-on de cela ? Dans le sillage de la mobilisation qui a suivi l’occupation du Lycée Jean Quarré en 2015, l’histoire d’InFLEchir ne donne pas de réponses définitives à ces questions et n’en a pas la prétention. Peut-être contribuera-t-il modestement à éclairer d’avantage la recherche consacrée aux expériences militantes.
Reporting on Trauma
Authors: Doezema Marie
Published: November 2020

Reporting on violence and trauma are at the heart of journalism, but this is an area of journalism ethics that is only in recent years beginning to get the attention it deserves. Based on my experience as a journalist and as a teacher of journalism, I would argue that we don’t spend enough time talking about the impacts of trauma—on both journalists and on survivors of violence—in our profession and in our schools. In recent decades, trauma training has entered into the discourse of journalism ethics and into the curriculum of journalism schools. What is the impact of journalistic interviews on survivors of violence? What harm can we, as journalists, commit as we pursue stories for the sake of “good,” that is, information, knowledge, and awareness? Fortunately, and increasingly, there are resources for journalists who are interested in approaching trauma reporting with greater sensitivity and awareness. In conjunction with the growing presence of trauma training in journalism, there has been increased exploration of the possibility of re-victimization through the interview process. The majority of journalists are obviously not trained as psychotherapists; this does not mean, however, that they should not have a basic understanding of the impacts and repercussions of psycho-trauma and, accordingly, be better equipped in how to do their work in the extremely delicate, sensitive, and emotionally precarious situations that can arise in stories surrounding violence and trauma. Journalists can take specific and conscious steps to avoid or diminish the re-victimization of their interview subjects. Some basic guidelines include letting the interview subject set the ground rules for the interview; explaining the purpose of the story or coverage without pretending that it will provide a solution; avoiding the language of blame; choosing details because they advance the story rather than provide shock value; and communicating with sources before the story is published. Most crucial, perhaps, is the journalist’s responsibility to take the necessary time to sensitively report and contextualize the story.
Lire l’enquête depuis le chômage
Authors: Heuguet Guillaume
Published: November 2020

Ce texte exploratoire part d’une expérience de doctorant-chômeur. Il a été déclenché par les discussions au sein d’un collectif de doctorants sur ce statut particulièrement ambigu puisque situé entre étudiant, chômeur, travailleur, entrepreneur de soi, citoyen-sujet de droits sociaux ou encore usager-circulant dans les bureaux et les formulaires. Ces discussions ont motivé la lecture et le commentaire d’un ensemble hétérogène de textes sur le chômage, la précarité et le fonctionnement des institutions de l’Etat social. Cet article s’intéresse ainsi aux rapports entre savoirs et chômage, tels qu’ils s’incarnent dans l’espace public, dans la relation à Pôle Emploi, et dans la littérature académique. Il articule une triple problématique : qu’est-ce qui se sait et se dit publiquement du chômage ? Qu’est-ce que nous apprend l’expérience même du rapport à une institution comme Pôle Emploi ? En quoi ces observations peuvent-elles contribuer à une compréhension de l’enquête en sciences sociales, ainsi qu’au rôle politique des savoirs depuis la précarité ?
Punishment and Symbolic Social Exchange: The Unnecessary Victims of Criminal Justice
Authors: Bibik Oleg N.
Published: November 2020

This article explores the essence of criminal punishment as an element of symbolic social exchange based on social exchange theory, cultural psychology, and the economics of crime using the example of the death penalty and imprisonment. The study concludes that the choice of punishment for a crime depends entirely on the cultural characteristics of society. The commodity in this exchange is the lifetime of a person, the value of which depends on standard of living and the welfare of society. That is why capital punishment and imprisonment are more often used in countries with lower standards of living. For the same reason, imprisonment rate correlates with homicide rate. The higher the homicide rate, the lower the value of a person’s life in a particular country, and the more often imprisonment is used. Raising standards of living increases the marginal harmfulness of criminal punishment, which stimulates its reduction. At the same time, the deflation of criminal punishment for violent crimes is slowing due to decreased tolerance for violence in modern society
Counteraction to Corruption Offenses in Penitentiary System (in Memory of Doctor of Law, Professor Nikolay Shchedrin)
Authors: Maloletkina Natalia S. , Skiba Andrey P. , Rodionov Alexey V.
Published: November 2020

The subject of the research is the processes of combating corruption in the penitentiary system of Russia. The purpose of the research is to analyze the legal prerequisites for the emergence of corruption manifestations in the penitentiary system and search for promising areas of legislation improvement in this area. The work is based on the complex application of a number of general and special research methods (structural and functional analysis, comparative-legal, formal-logical, system-structural methods). Domestic and foreign regulations, official data of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, the results of the Russian and foreign scholars’ research serve the information base of the research. The main result of the research is in substantiation of the essential conclusions about the need for a clearer definition of the penitentiary system officials’ powers in order to reduce the risks of committing acts with the signs of corruption. The most significant, regarding the risks of corruption manifestations, spheres of penitentiary system employees’ activity are defined. The directions of law enforcement practice improvement in the sphere under the research are substantiated. The materials of the research can be useful for both scientists-penitentiaries, practitioners and for students, undergraduates and graduate students of the relevant areas of training and specialties in the course of mastering special disciplines
Expanding the Powers of a Specialist in Pre-Trial Proceedings as a Necessary Condition for Improving the Quality of Investigative Actions Aimed at Obtaining Testimony
Authors: Bayanov Alexander I. , Klimovich Larisa P. , Stoyko Nikolay G.
Published: November 2020

Based on the analysis of domestic historical experience and the current state of the legislative regulation of the involvement of a specialist to assist an investigator in investigative proceedings, as well as the survey of investigators, it is concluded that it is necessary to expand the powers of a specialist in terms of rendering assistance to an investigator during investigative actions aimed at obtaining testimony (including interrogation). In this regard, proposals to amend the wording of Articles 38 and 58 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation are made. The proposed changes will significantly expand the powers of a specialist in the course of all investigative actions (including verbal ones) and will correspond to the modern trends in the development of criminal proceedings, increasing its quality by attracting specific knowledge and skills from various fields of human activity
SURDO BILÍNGUE: PARA ALÉM DE UM SUJEITO USUÁRIO DE DUAS LÍNGUAS
Authors: Tostes Raissa Siqueira , De Lacerda Cristina Broglia Feitosa
Published: November 2020

Este artigo almeja uma reflexão a respeito do surdo bilíngue que experiencia e convive com duas línguas distintas, quais sejam, a língua de sinais e a língua majoritária do grupo social no qual está inserido. Assume-se que o bilinguismo do surdo não quer dizer apenas que ele exerça duas línguas, isto é, a língua de sinais como primeira língua (L1) e o português como segunda língua (L2). Neste sentido, são apresentados alguns conceitos de bilinguismo presentes na literatura, desde a perspectiva monoglóssica até a perspectiva intercultural, além de um breve histórico do bilinguismo da pessoa surda no Brasil. Em seguida discutimos com dois autores, Bakhtin e Vygotsky, ponderando que considerar o surdo em seu cotidiano bilíngue significa conhecê-lo nas condições sociais em que vive e, principalmente, compreender como se dá sua produção de sentidos nos diversos espaços sociais, linguísticos, culturais e emocionais que o permeiam.
Designing multilingual and multicultural curriculum
Authors: Gilmetdinova Alsu M.
Published: November 2020

What is the relationship between language and culture? What role do language and culture play in designing curriculum that is inclusive of the needs of linguistically and culturally diverse students? What does multicultural and multilingual curriculum development look like? Scholarship on multicultural education acknowledges a strong interactive relationship between language, culture and learning and includes the benefits of bilingual instruction for multilingual students [10]; yet, often the assumption is that coming to voice takes place in English only [22]. Similarly, curriculum development for multicultural education is mainly done in the English language. The purpose of this article is to integrate both culture and language into the review of curriculum development that embraces both linguistic and cultural needs of diverse students. Using Sleeters [37] Un-Standardizing curriculum: Multicultural teaching in the standards-based classroom this targeted review encloses relevant scholarship in the fields of multilingual and multicultural education rooted in 4 central questions of curriculum theory: Question 1: What purposes should the curriculum serve? Question 2: How should knowledge be selected, who decides what knowledge is most worth teaching and learning, and what is the relationship between those in the classroom and the knowledge selection process? Question 3: What is the nature of students and the learning process, and how does it suggest organizing learning experiences and relationships? Question 4: How should curriculum be evaluated? How should learning be evaluated? To whom is curriculum evaluation accountable? [37] The results of the review provide educators and curriculum developers with much needed guidelines for developing comprehensive, culture and language sensitive curriculum.
THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF SUSTAINABLE ENTERPRISES DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Yevsieieva-Severyna I.
Published: November 2020

The article deals with the interpretation of the concepts of competitive advantages, competitiveness, competitive potential, competitive sustainability, sustainability risk and sustainable enterprise development. The author's vision of categorical apparatus is based on the generalization of existing viewpoints and approaches to their definition.

According to the author's point of view, the competitive advantages are the collection of some strong prevailing characteristics of the company that clearly distinguish it from the competitors, providing further development through the production of high quality products and satisfying the growing needs of the consumers.

Enterprises must activate the work in direction of optimal use of present resources, take into account internal development possibilities, quickly adapt to the changes of environment. Especially important is the attention of the enterprises focusing on components of the competitive potential (economic, financial, innovation, intellectual, marketing, communication, information, production etc.) which should be examined to determine possible measures of further development.

Competitive sustainability is an integral part of ensuring economic security of the enterprise. Economic security reflects the ability of the enterprise to ensure sustainable development, both in the current period and in the future, under the influence of negative factors of external and internal environment. Most business decisions are made under conditions of uncertainty and risk, due to insufficient information, high intensity of rivalry, changeable environment. It is necessary to identify and estimate risks in order to minimize their influence on the activity of the enterprise. Competitive sustainability and sustainability risk provide sustainable enterprise development, the ability to carry out economic activities in conditions of uncertainty of external environment impacts, creating conditions for long-term stable functioning of the enterprise in a competitive market environment.
About the influence of some gases on the absorption of methylene blue by the nerves and about the structure of nerve plexus
Authors: Rubashkin V. Y.
Published: November 2020

Who of the educated doctors and naturalists today does not know how abundant in the results and fruitful in the conclusions of the observations made in the course of these ten years with methylene blue. Injecting this wonderful reagent into the circulatory or lymphatic system of living, or just dead animals, or irrigating methylene blue tissue, which has not yet lost its vital properties, Ehrlich (1), Arnstein (2), Smirnov (3), Dogel (4) , M.D. Lavdovskiy (5), Retzius (6) and other authors found that methylene blue should be recognized as the best, one might say, the most sensitive reagent for detecting nerves and nerve plexus in various organs and tissues, not excluding the most nervous tissues such as the spinal cord and brain with their nodes and roots.
To the question of excitability of the cortex and epileptic seizures in lower animals
Authors: Lapinsky M.
Published: November 2020

By irritating the cortex of the cerebral hemispheres, it is possible to cause seizures of epileptic seizures in many animals. Their seizure can consist of a prodromal period, clonic and tonic stages, and a subsequent coma. This typical seizure is extremely easy to get in a monkey. Without big difficulties, it can be reproduced in a dog, rabbit, cat, guinea pig, horse, donkey, rat, calf, goat and even a sheep. Attempts to induce convulsions in birds, irritating their large hemisphere, remained fruitless. Similarly, it was not possible to achieve epileptic seizures in fish, reptiles and amphibians.
Physiological and psychological basis of aesthetics
Authors: Smirnov A. I.
Published: November 2020

This essay will be devoted to the presentation of the aesthetic principles of painting, plastics and architecture. All these arts converge with each other mainly in the fact that they are the essence of visual art, that is, their works are perceived by the organ of vision and their aesthetic effects are given together with visual impressions. In the first issue, dedicated to the aesthetic principles of music, the general principles of grace and beauty were established and explained. We consider it not superfluous to formulate them again in a condensed form.
Changes in the craniocerebral circulation under the influence of calcium bromide
Authors: Gerver A. V.
Published: November 2020

At the present time, when the issue of cerebral circulation has taken on such vast dimensions, and its importance has become increasingly clear, an attempt to study the influence of various nervous (if I may put it this way) means on the circulation of blood in the brain is quite understandable.
S. Sukhanov. Contribution to the study of changes undergone by dendritic extensions of nerve cells under the influence of narcotics. Extract from the Journal “la Cellule” t. XIV, 2nd fascicle
Authors: Yanishevskiy A.
Published: November 2020

The author exposed different animals to the action of ether, chloroform, alcohol and trional, and then studied the cortex of the dead from the action of these animal substances using the Golgi method.
Chronicle of the society of neuropathologists and psychiatrov at the imperial Kazan University. Protocol of the appointment of November 15
Authors: Popov N. M.
Published: November 2020

Chaired by N. M. Popov, under secretary B. I. Vorotynsky; The following active members were present: K. A. Arnshtein, K. V. Voroshilov, D. A. Timofeev, L. A. Serguev, G. A. Klyachkin, N. N. Toporkov, V. S. Boldyrev. Guests: Dr. Pervushin, Kavorskiy, Mering, Dolgov and about 30 people of the public.
About the feeling function of the so-called the motor region of the human cerebral cortex
Authors: Bekhterev V. M.
Published: November 2020

How known is the question of whether we have only motor centers in the region of the central convolutions, or together with the feeling and feeling centers, hence, the so-called. sense-motor centers, still remains not completely clarified.
Hemiplegia complicated by opposite hemichorea
Authors: Popov N. M.
Published: November 2020

Hemiplegias of cranial origin are among such clinical pictures, with which a neuropathologist meets especially often. But, in spite of this, science has not yet said its last word about them. Moreover, some of the symptoms of suffering still remain poorly understood even from the outside, not to mention their pathogenesis. We know, for example, that movement disorders during hemiplegias also extend to the healthy half of the body; these disorders, which have long attracted the attention of observers, are in their considerable part described with sufficient detail; However, at least from time to time, the clinic presents us with new combinations, which indicate how deeply and together with how differently the disease of one hemisphere can affect the motor functions of the other.
Towards the modern doctrine of Landry paralysis
Authors: Yanishevsky A. E.
Published: November 2020

Pri opredѣleni kazhdago nervnago zabolѣvanya, kak" otdѣl'noy nozologicheskoy yedinitsy, sovremennaya nevropatologya kladet" v" osnovu tri glavnykh" printsipa: anatomo-fizologichesky, patologo-anatomichesky i etologichesky. Na osnovani pervago printsipa nevropatolog", pol'zuyas' faktami normal'noy anatomi i fizologi nervnoy sistemy, opredѣlyayet" v" klinicheskoy kartinѣ zabolѣvanya uklonenya v" proyavleni dѣyatel'nosti otdѣl'nykh" nervnykh" sistem", nervnykh" yedinits"nevronov". Opredѣlyaya, kakya sistemy i kakya chasti ikh" porazheny, on" stavit" topicheskuyu dagnostiku zabolѣvanya. Na osnovani dannykh" patologicheskoy anatomi nevropatolog" opredѣlyayet" kharakter" porazhenya, lezhashchago v" osnovѣ zabolѣvanya, i nakonets" opredѣlyayet" prichinu, vyzvavshuyu dannoye zabolѣvane, obuslovivshuyu bystrotu ili medlennost' yego razvitya, pol'zuyas' v" ostrykh" sluchayakh" dannymi bakterologi i toksikologi. No ne smotrya na uspѣkhi nevrapotologi, sushchestvuyet" mnogo zabolѣvany, gdѣ vsѣ tri printsipa ne mogut" byt' strogo provedeny, tak" kak" predstavlyayut' mnogo yeshche spornago. Eti zabolѣvanya predstavlyayutsya simptomokompleksom", v" osnovѣ kotorago mogut" lezhat' porazhenya, chrezvychayno raznoobraznyya po svoyey lokalizatsi, po kharakteru patologo-anatomicheskago protsessa i po etologi. K" chislu podobnago roda zabolѣvany prinadlezhit" bolѣzn', izvѣstnaya pod" imenem" ostrago voskhodyashchago paralicha Landry.

Развернуть

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When defining each nervous disease, as a separate nosological unit, modern neuropathology lays in the basis of three main principles: anatomical-physiological, pathological-anatomical and ethiological. On the basis of the first principle, the neuropathologist, using the facts of normal anatomy and physiology of the nervous system, determines in the clinical picture of the disease, the evasion in the manifestation of the activity of individual nervous systems, nervous units - neurons. Determining which systems and which parts of them are affected, he sets the topical diagnosis of the disease. Based on the data of the pathological anatomy, the neuropathologist determines the nature of the lesion underlying the disease, and finally determines the cause that caused this disease, which caused the rapidity or slowness of its development, using the data of toxicology and toxicology in acute cases. But in spite of the successes of neuropathology, there are many diseases where all three principles cannot be strictly followed, since they represent a lot more controversial. These diseases are presented as a symptom complex, in the basis of which there may be lesions, extremely diverse in their localization, in the nature of the pathological-anatomical process and in ethiology. To the number of such kind of diseases belongs the disease, known under the name of acute ascending paralysis of Landry.
Prof. Ya.A. Anfimov. About neuritis, polyneuritis and ascending paralysis Landry in connection with the theory of neurons. — Kharkov, 1899
Authors: Vorotynskiy B.
Published: November 2020

Prof. Anfimov promptly raises in the Russian special literature the question of the fact that the study of polyneuritis currently requires a complete revision. In the analyzed work, the author carries out the main idea that the so-called polyneuritis and ascending paralysis of Landry are one and the same suffering, the cause of which must be sought in one or another lesion of cells (or neurons) of the central nervous system.
Van Gehuchten. Histological Lesions in Human Rabies. — La Semaine medicale. 1900, № 5
Authors: Yapishevsky A. E.
Published: November 2020

The author believes that during canine rage, the intervertebral sympathetic nodes are affected by a specific process. Changes consist in the neoplasm of tissue, which is formed, apparently, from the proliferation of endothelial cells of the capsules that enclose the nerve cells.
Letter to the editors
Authors: Likhachev A.
Published: November 2020

Do not refuse to print in one of the nearest issues of the edition you are editing the conditions of registration as a member of the XIIIth International Congress of Physicians, which will be in Paris from 2 to 9 August (20-27 July) this year.
The relationship between the borderline trunk of the sympathetic nerve and the central nervous system
Authors: Trushkovskiy S. A.
Published: November 2020

The question of the relationship of the borderline trunk of the sympathetic nerve to the central nervous system is almost completely undeveloped until the present time, and only recently, thanks to the improvement of methods for studying nerve fibers, it became possible for a more accurate further development of this issue.
Physiological and psychological basis of aesthetics
Authors: Smirnov A. I.
Published: November 2020

From colors and paints, we now turn to the form of objects, that is, to the presentation of aesthetic conditions and laws of distribution and combination of lines that limit the subject. Color, as we saw, depends on different excitations of different kinds of fibers of the optic nerve; the form depends on the number and relative position of the nerve fibers excited in this way. The eye, initially, can perceive only the length in its two dimensions, that is, the plane of the figure.
Bed rest, its application and therapeutic significance
Authors: Chizh V. F.
Published: November 2020

I will not cite the literature of the question here, because all the reports about bed rest appeared relatively recently and are therefore unforgotten. At the same time, all the messages, at least I know, contain only the opinions of the authors, based on impressions, and in view of the brevity required in this report, there is no likelihood to list the opinions expressed, but I have given that now that the authors of these reports have enriched experience with new impressions, they can repeat and supplement their judgments.
On the issue of blood circulation disorder in the area of paralyzed nerves
Authors: Lapinsky Mikhail
Published: November 2020

The authors, who were interested in the state of blood circulation in the area of ​​paralyzed nerves, turned their attention during laboratory studies to the width of the lumen of the vessels in the area of ​​the nerves being experimented with, to the local velocity of blood flow and, finally, to the height of the local intravascular. In addition, they also judged the state of the local circulation by the temperature of the part of the body, the nerve of which was damaged; on the basis of a changed color of it, an increased volume (using a plethysmograph) and, finally, on the basis of edema in this area.
The volume of changes in the cells of the brain under the influence of carbon monoxide poisoning
Authors: Spirtov I.
Published: November 2020

The effect of carbon monoxide on the nervous system, obvious and in everyday, not particularly severe cases of poisoning with this gas, is illustrated by the extensive literature, growing from year to year, of cases where, after poisoning with carbon monoxide, severe pathological phenomena from the nervous system developed; At the same time, in one number of cases, such phenomena constituted a direct continuation of the poisoning, in other cases they developed after the first aftermath of poisoning passed and proceeded more or less prolonged, so to speak, a light difference, during which the subjects were poisoned, who were not healthy people in all relations. These post-mortem pathological phenomena capture both the intellectual sphere, as well as the motor and sensitive areas, namely, they were observed: ammesia, aphasia, stupor, dementia, further: general agitation, mental illness, similar to primary mental disorders and contractions, weakening of the sensitivity of one or another sense organ.
G. Marinesco. Recherches sur les lesions des centers nerveux, consecutives a 1'hyperthermie escperimentale et a la fievre. Revue neurologique. Ianvier 1899
Authors: Obraztsov Vl.
Published: November 2020

Having noted in the beginning of his article the importance of the issue of changes in nerve cells during artificial overheating and during feverish processes, the author briefly informs the literature on this issue. Goldscheider and Flatau, making experiments with artificial overheating and studying the nervous system, for the first time noted the fact that the first cells undergo changes, consisting in swelling of cells and processes, dissolution of chromotophilic elements and diffuse color. Lugaro, with his research, confirmed the research of Goldscheider and Flatau, but could not only agree with them that the chromatophilic substance of the cell, as if it does not play any role either in its life or for its function. The author of the article notes in this regard that he personally has already more than two years adhered to the view of chromatophilic elements, as an essential part of the cell, necessary for its function. But with changes in the nervous system, you must also take into account the number of changed cells, as well as the qualitative aspect of the changes.
The chronicle of the society of neuropathologists and psychiatrists at the imperial Kazan University. Protocol of the appointment of December 13, 1898
Authors: Popov N. M.
Published: November 2020

It was chaired by prof. N. M. Popov, under the secretary V. V. Nikolaev; The members of the Island were present: K. A. Arnshtein, V. S. Boldyrev, B. I. Vorotynskiy, K. V. Voroshilov, M. M. Maevskiy, L. A. Sergѣev, P. S. Skuridin , D. A. Timofeev, N. A. Tolmachev, N. N. Toporkov; guests: Dr. Mozhaev, Mr. A. Soloviev, chairman of the Sobriety Island, and about 40 people from the public.
Dr. W. Otuszewski: Of the importance of d. Association centers from Flechsig for research d. Development of the spirit, the language of the psychology of language, as well as the doctrine of speechlessness. Neurolog. Cental leaf. 98 № 4 and 5
Authors: Troshin G.
Published: November 2020

The author conveys in some detail the theory of Flechsig about association centers and the meaning of them in mental life. Then, briefly conveying his observations over the development of man, spirit and tongue, the author finds that the evolution of both occurs in approximately the order in which, according to Flechsig, maturation (overlapping with melin) of physiologically and anatomically distinct regions occurs. in accordance with the fact that sensory centers are the first to develop, the evolution of the human spirit begins with the appearance of the ability to sensual perception; only for 4 ms. complex feelings appear (joy, fear, etc.), requiring the associative activity of the associative centers; consciousness is at this time; consciousness actually appears only in 2-3 years.
The chronicle of the society of neuropathologists and psychiatrists at the imperial Kazan University. Minutes of the year's appointment January 31, 1899
Authors: Popov N. M.
Published: November 2020

It was chaired by prof. N.M. Popov with the secretary V.V. Nikolaev, there were: honorary member of the Island I.M.Dogel and Mr. acting members: V. S. Boldyrev, V. I. Vorotynskiy, G. A. Klyachkin, M. M. Maevskiy, N. A. Mislavskiy, I. I. Naumov, V. N. Obraztsov, L. A. Serguev , D.A. Timofeev, N.N.Toporkov, A.E. Yanishevskiy and guests of Dr. Kalyanin, Rimovich, Romanov and a man about 100 people.
Chronicle of the society of neuropathologists and psychiatrov at the imperial Kazan University. Protocol of the appointment of September 20, 1899
Authors: Popov N. M.
Published: November 2020

Chaired by H. M. Popov, under secretary V. V. Nikolaev; there were active members: K. A. Arnstein, K. V. Voroshilov. A.F. Geberg, V.N.Dolgov, G.A. Klyachkin, N.A.Mislavskiy, D.V. Polumordvinov, I.A.Praksin. V. I. Razumovskiy, I. A. Savchenko, A. S. Segel, D.A. Timofeev. ON. Tolmachev, A.E. Yanishevskiy, guests: Mr. M.M. Aleksenko, Trustee of the Kazan Educational District, prof. V. Ya. Daiilevskiy, A.A. Panormov, D.A. Goldgammer, M. Ya. Kapustin, N.M. Lyubimov, M.E.Segel, Dr. Nebolyubov, Leltzner, Worms, Elinson, Mering, Favorskiy, Isherskiy, Kazanskiy, Shirokikh, Luria, Melkikh and about 120 people of the public.
Physician-psychiatr in the role of an expert on trial
Authors: Vorotynsky B. I.
Published: November 2020

In every science, in every period of its development, you can always find a whole series of controversial issues that are at the moment, so to speak, next in line and await their final resolution. Especially many such questions arise at a time when the well-known science enters a new period of its development, when new ways are outlined in its progressive movement, new theories are put forward, new methods of research are proposed. In such a case, the abundance of controversial issues that appear on the stage indicates only that the previous provisions, dominating in the sciences, turned out to be untenable, the existing views obsolete, the old theories - shaky, unusable. The known degree of revitalization in the scientific development of the most urgent questions, the overwhelming passion during their discussion and decision, the usual enthusiasm and mistakes - all this characterizes sufficiently each new direction in science, all this is observed with the emergence of each new school.
Preclinical research and development of a herbal antipyretic drug based on leaves of Ceiba pentandra (Malvaceae)
Authors: Silue Awa Nounaferi Gnieneferetien , Djadji Lenoir Thierry Ayoman , Kouakou Landry S. , Siransy-Kouakou Gisele N'doua
Published: November 2020

Background: Faced with the limits of synthetic antipyretic substances, in particular their involvement in the occurrence of numerous and often serious adverse effects; the challenge is in search of new antipyretics especially from the African traditional pharmacopoeia. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antipyretic activity of an aqueous extract and a formulation of Ceiba pentandra, with a view to designing an herbal antipyretic drug.Methods: Trials of formulation of an antipyretic syrup with leaves extract of Ceiba pentandra were carried out. The antipyretic activity was investigated by the bewer's yeast induced pyrexia. Physicochemical and microbiological stability tests were carried out on the syrup.Results: It was found with the extract an antipyretic activity at doses of 125 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg. The effect was greater for the 125 mg/kg dose with inhibition percentages ranging from 27.58% to 71.25%. This antipyretic activity was early (from 30 minutes) and was preserved during the four hours of the experiment. The syrup dosed at 125 mg/kg gave an activity similar to that of the extract by significantly reducing the hyperthermia in the rats. Regarding the stability tests, the syrup remained stable both physico-chemically and microbiologically throughout the study period (28 days) both when exposed to low temperature (5 °±3 ° C) and at high temperature (40°±2° C).Conclusions: Ceiba pentandra leaves have antipyretic activity and could be used for the development of an herbal antipyretic drug.
Pattern of adverse drug reaction in geriatric inpatients of medicine in a tertiary care center: a prospective observational study
Authors: Parmar Nikita A. , Panchal Vishal , Jadav Shilpa P.
Published: November 2020

Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) represent a major public health problem in older age. In order to better evaluate this problem, this study was designed to assess the prevalence and spectrum of ADRs in terms of frequency, type, severity and preventability in geriatric patients in medicine ward of Guru-Gobind Sing hospital, Jamnagar during 12 months study period.Methods: All ADR related patient’s necessary data was obtained and recorded on a pre- designed case record form (CRF). The data record includes general details e.g., name, age, sex, past and present history, general and systemic examination, laboratory investigation, diagnosis and treatment. Details regarding suspected medications, treatment given, and the outcome were documented with prior permission of institutional ethics committee.Results: Demographic analysis of prospective study revealed that out of 84 patients, 45 male and 39 were female. The patients had developed ADR within the age ranges of 31 (65-69) followed by 23 (75-79). The majority of ADR was vomiting and diarrhea 15 followed by chills 08 and cough 04. It is evident that antimicrobials 31 agents were mainly suspected followed by NSAIDs 18. In causality assessment, the possible cases had a higher incidence 63, followed by probable 19 and certain 2. After estimating the severity by Hartwigs scale 79.8% were mild to moderate while 20.23% were severe in nature.Conclusions: Age is not an independent risk factor of ADRs and suitable monitoring and regular medication review can reduce the incidence of ADRs in geriatric people.
A study to evaluate the impact of patient counselling on the quality of life of female patients with recurrent urinary tract infection
Authors: Gopinath Syama , P. C. Anju , Wesley I. John , G. R. Prasobh
Published: November 2020

Background: Recurrence of urinary tract infections (UTI) are either due to re infection or relapse. Overall likelihood of developing UTI is approximately 30 times higher in women than men due to their anatomical peculiarities and are normally treated with antibiotics. To evaluate effectiveness of patient counselling in prevention of recurrent UTI in female patients to reduce the risk of developing Antibiotic resistance and assess the quality of life of patients.Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out for a period of 6 months and samples were taken from the urology department of cosmopolitan hospital, Trivandrum, Kerala. Patient counseling was given regarding the disease, drugs and lifestyle modifications. A suitably validated KAP questionnaire was provided to each patient at their visits. By using an EQ-5D-5L questionnaire the quality of life of patients were assessed and analyzed.Results: 84 patients were analyzed. After the counseling knowledge level significantly improved to good from 6.9% to 72.4%, the positive attitude level was improved from 35.6 to 57.5% and the practice level was improved to good from 25.3 to 43.7%. The QOL improved to best from 1.2 to 71.4%. After counseling incidence rate was decreased to zero. The mostly observed risk factor was decreased water intake (69%). The common age group observed was 31-50 (41.7%).Conclusions: Patient counseling had an important impact on medication adherence and QOL of female patients with recurrent UTI. Effective patient counseling and better compliance decreased the incidence of recurrence and improved the quality of life of patients.
A study of the prevalence of various psychosocial problems of geriatric population in urban area of district-Hapur
Authors: Sisodia Madhulika Singh , Kumar Upender , Kumar Gajendra
Published: November 2020

Background: With advancing age, ill-health becomes a major hindrance for the well-being of the elderly. Therefore, not only physical but even psychosocial health is an important predictor for their living happily. Objective was to study the prevalence of various psychosocial problems, including dependence in study population.Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out in geriatric age group in the urban field practice areas of Department of Community Medicine, Saraswathi Institute of Medical Sciences, District-Hapur.Results: Out of 580 elderly the overall prevalence of psychosocial problems was 270 (45.6%). This includes psychosocial disorders in 34.8%, functional dependency in 12.4%, sad attitude towards life in 13.4% and low social adjustment in 8.3%.Conclusions: The psychosocial problems were higher in females as compared to males and were significantly associated with functional dependency, social adjustment and attitude towards life.
Knowledge and practices regarding household air pollution in communities of slum areas of Sonipat district in Haryana
Authors: Singh Khajan , Singh Mahender , Jha Sanjay Kumar , . Preeti , Aggarwal S. K.
Published: November 2020

Background: Each year globally, 3.8 million people die prematurely from illness attributable to the household air pollution. We assessed community knowledge and practices regarding household air pollution in slum areas of Sonepat district in Haryana.Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 104 households in slum areas of Sonepat district. Data were collected using semi-structured questionnaire included socio-demographic profile, questions for knowledge and practice regarding indoor pollution. The data were coded and analysed using the software R, version 3.6.2.Results: Of 104 household heads interviewed, 82.7 % were males and 17.3% were females. Most (69.2%) of the respondents were illiterate. More than half of the participants (53.8%) were labourer and rest were factory workers. Two third (75%) and more (79.8%) of the head households were aware that cooking fuel was harmful for the environment and smoke was harmful to the health respectively. Two third (75%) were not aware about Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana. Types of fuel used for cooking revealed that 71.2% and 21.1% of households used LPG and charcoal/firewood, respectively and (73.1%) of household cooked food inside the house.Conclusions: The slum communities are aware of indoor air pollution and have knowledge regarding possible health effects. They are exposed to air pollution arising from cooking fuels. There is need for promoting awareness on exposure reductions in homes. The results of our study may help policymakers understand the need for strengthening supply of LPG under Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana.
Quality of life of institutionalized elderly in an urban area of North India
Authors: Sanya Rameela , Kumaran Jayasree Anandabhavan
Published: November 2020

Background: Being transferred from home to nursing care facility is great challenge for elderly as they have to face a radical change in their lifestyle. However, not much is known about the response of its residents to institutionalization and its impact on their physical and mental health. Objective is to assess quality of life (QOL) of institutionalized elderly in an urban area of North Kerala and its association with sociodemographic factors.Methods: A cross- sectional study was conducted among 202 elderly residing in old age homes (OAH). Data was collected using WHO QOL BREF. Data analysed using SPSS version 16.0. Results expressed terms of mean, SD, frequencies, percentages. Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney U test used to find association between domain-wise (physical, psychological, social relationships, environmental) QOL and sociodemographic factors.Results: Out of 202 elderly residing in OAH, majority were females (60.4%), belonged to 60-69 years age-group (39.6%), Hindus (59.9%) and widowed (49.5%). Majority had ‘moderately poor QOL in all domains, except environmental domain where majority had ‘moderately good’ QOL. Highest mean scores were found in environmental domain. Statistically significant association was found between physical domain and age- groups, gender, marital and educational status; and between psychological domain and gender, current occupational status. Environmental domain was associated with age-groups, religion, financial dependency, current occupational status.Conclusions: Elderly belonging to younger age- group (60-69 years), male gender, educated, retired group and those without morbidity had better QOL.
The unmet needs of PCPNDT act in the women of the general population in North India
Authors: Tandon Neha Pruthi , Bachani Sumitra , Kaura Shreya , Dewan Rupali , Arora Renu
Published: November 2020

Background: Government of India has taken measures to stabilize the sex ratio by introducing Pre-Conception and Pre-natal diagnostic techniques act (PCPNDT). Despite various amendments, awareness about the act amongst women appears suboptimal. Present study was aimed to assess the knowledge and attitude regarding PCPNDT act in women attending tertiary care hospital and to determine the lacunae regarding its implementation.Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted by Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Total of 1000 women were included and a pre-designed questionnaire was used to get information regarding socio-demographic details and to assess the knowledge and attitude towards the PCPNDT Act. Data was analyzed using Statistical package of social sciences (SPSS) 16.0.Results: In the present study, 75% women were in the age group 21-40 years and were Hindus. Only 25% (n=256) knew about PC-PNDT act. Majority of the subjects (n=880, 88%) had no knowledge that the doctors are also punishable. Attitude of women was also not a benchmark as 40 % women were keen to know the sex of their unborn child and 66% of the participants said that having a male was important for the family.Conclusions: The knowledge about PC‑PNDT act was below the expected standards. The attitude of women towards sex determination of unborn child and sociocultural influences favoring male child are still deeply rooted in society. Active involvement of media, social workers and health staff for dissemination of information to the public and to bring change in attitude of women is the need of the hour.