bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is Everyone Probably Elsewhere?
Authors: Stoustrup Jakob , Schiøler Henrik , Hjorth Poul G.
Published: May 2023

It has been widely discussed whether the existence of other universes than the known universe is a purely metaphysical consideration. This paper argues to the contrary that the existence of other universes is a meaningful hypothesis, which can be tested based on observable data. The paper applies the perspective of observer bias as an approach for assigning probabilities to the mutually excluding hypotheses of universe vs. multiverse, i.e., whether the known universe is the only universe, or just one universe in an ensemble of universes, a so-called multiverse. The basic idea of the paper relies on the following consideration. In a multiverse, the vast majority of observers would live in universes that are more life friendly. Thus, conditional on there being a multiverse, we should expect to find ourselves in a universe with values of the fundamental parameters that provide particularly fertile grounds for life. In contrast, if there is only a single universe, it may well be the case that there is still a few observers even if the parameters are far from ideal for life, and in that case, those observers will find values of the parameters that are not ideal for intelligent life. It may well be the case that, among all parameter configurations that allow life at least somewhere, those that are not ideal for life far outnumber those that are ideal for life. Based on this elementary consideration, the paper proceeds to propose a quantitative framework to determine probabilities for either hypothesis. In particular, it is described how a future ab initio determination of some of the factors in the Drake equation may be used to infer which one of the two hypotheses is the more likely. A quantitative approach to this end is proposed. Expressing these factors of the Drake equation in the context of the two hypotheses, a general likelihood approach is first described. Then, to support intuition, example computations are provided, illustrating how an actual hypothesis test would work in practice.
Reductive Conversion Leads to Detoxification of Salicortin-like Chemical Defenses (Salicortinoids) in Lepidopteran Specialist Herbivores (Notodontidae)
Authors: Schnurrer Florian , Paetz Christian
Published: May 2023

Lepidopteran specialist herbivores of the Notodontidae family have adapted to thrive on poplar and willow species (Salicaceae). Previous research showed that Cerura vinula, a member of the Notodontidae family occurring throughout Europe and Asia, uses a unique mechanism to transform salicortinoids, the host plant’s defense compounds, into quinic acid-salicylate conjugates. However, how the production of this conjugates relates to the detoxification of salicortinoids and how this transformation proceeds mechanistically have remained unknown. To find the mechanisms, we conducted gut homogenate incubation experiments with C. vinula and re-examined its metabolism by analyzing the constituents of its frass. To estimate the contribution of spontaneous degradation, we examined the chemical stability of salicortinoids and found that salicortinoids were degraded very quickly by midgut homogenates and that spontaneous degradation plays only a marginal role in the metabolism. We learned how salicortinoids are transformed into salicylate after we discovered reductively transformed derivatives, which were revealed to play key roles in the metabolism. Unless they have undergone the process of reduction, salicortinoids produce toxic catechol. We also studied constituents in the frass of the Notodontidae species Cerura erminea, Clostera anachoreta, Furcula furcula, Notodonta ziczac, and Pheosia tremula, and found the same metabolites as those described for C. vinula. We conclude that the process whereby salicortinoids are reductively transformed represents an important adaption of the Notodontidae to their Salicaceae host species.
The Influence of Amphoteric Terpolymerization of Poly (N-Isopropylacrylamide) in the Optimization of the Phase Separation Temperatures
Authors: Abdelaty Momen S. A. , Abu-Zahra Nidal
Published: May 2023

The aim of this study is to fabricate an ampholyte thermo-responsive terpolymers and explore the influence of ampholyte on the phase separation temperatures in different pH solutions. The fabrication of the ampholyte thermo-responsive terpolymers was achieved by terpolymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm), DIVA (5, 10, and 15 mol.%), and acrylic acid (AA) 10 mol.%. The preparation of the cationic monomer from vanillin was achieved in a facile reaction named 2-((diisopropylamino) methyl)-4-formyl-6-methoxyphenyl acrylate (DIVA). The chemical structures of the monomers and terpolymers were evaluated successfully by 1H, 13C NMR, and FTIR. The average molecular weight and dispersity of the terpolymers were characterized using gel permeation chromatography (GPC); the glass transition temperature, crystallinity, and morphology were characterized using DSC, XRD, and SEM, respectively. The hydrophilic/hydrophobic properties of the fabricated terpolymers, at different pH conditions, were evaluated using contact angle measurements. The lower critical solution temperature (LCST) for all samples was measured using UV–vis spectrophotometer. Moreover, the LCST was tested using different Hofmeister salts in kosmotropic and chaotropic conditions. The findings of this study can be utilized in the bio-separation of biological molecules, as well as drug delivery applications.

Graphical Abstract
Teacher anger as a double-edged sword: Contrasting trait and emotional labor effects
Authors: Wang Hui , Chiu Ming Ming , Hall Nathan C.
Published: May 2023

In contrast to teachers’ positive emotions, such as enjoyment and enthusiasm, teachers’ negative emotions and the regulation of negative emotions have received limited empirical attention. As the most commonly experienced negative emotion in teachers, anger has to date demonstrated mixed effects on teacher development. On the one hand, habitual experiences of anger (i.e.,trait anger) exhaust teachers’ cognitive resources and impair pedagogical effectiveness, leading to poor student engagement. On the other hand, strategically expressing, faking, or hiding anger in daily, dynamic interactions with students can help teachers achieve instructional goals, foster student concentration, and facilitate student engagement. The current study adopted an intensive daily diary design to investigate the double-edged effects of teachers’ anger. Multilevel structural equation modeling of data from 4,140 daily diary entries provided by 655 practicing Canadian teachers confirmed our hypotheses. Trait anger in teachers was found to impair teacher-perceived student engagement. Daily genuine expression of anger corresponded with greater teacher-perceived student engagement; daily faking anger impaired perceived student engagement, and daily hiding anger showed mixed results. Moreover, teachers tended to hide anger over time, and were reluctant to express anger, genuine or otherwise, in front of their students. Finally, genuine expression and hiding of anger had only a temporary positive association with teacher-perceived student engagement, with student rapport being optimal for promoting sustained observed student engagement.
SDN-based multi-level framework for smart home services
Authors: Gilani Syed Mushhad Mustuzhar , Usman Muhammad , Daud Saqib , Kabir Asif , Nawaz Qamar , Judit Oláh
Published: May 2023

The smart home is a field that uses smart devices and gadgets to automate tasks and operations in the house, and it is expected that this study subject will become a focal point in future civilizations. The adoption of smart home services faces significant obstacles in terms of reliability and stability. The Software Defined Networking (SDN) paradigm offers up novel approaches and trends to embrace smart technologies to tackle the issues of smart homes. To avoid accidents, we developed a vertical SDN-based multi-level structure consisting of two controllers with a parent-child connection. It enables smart homes to make optimal use of current services while also providing new services to smart homes and buildings, opening the path for future smart services. In addition, we created an Application Programming Interface (API) for the smart home to make it easier to use current services and pave the path for future smart services. We designed numerous jobs depending on their categorization to give smart services, which is beneficial for smart homes. Local topologies, cloud topologies, and cloud-local topologies have all been compared in the evaluation section. The performance of POX, NOX, and Flood Light controllers is measured using three performance metrics: mean throughput, Round-Trip Time (RTT), and packet loss across all three topologies. Our findings revealed that the cloud-local topology had the lowest packet loss ratio of 1.4%, while the local and cloud topologies had 1.9% and 2.3%, respectively.
Helly-Type Theorems for the Ordering of the Vertices of a Hypergraph
Authors: Biró Csaba , Lehel Jenő , Tóth Géza
Published: May 2023

Let H be a complete r-uniform hypergraph such that two vertices are marked in each edge as its ‘boundary’ vertices. A linear ordering of the vertex set of H is called an agreeing linear order, provided all vertices of each edge of H lie between its two boundary vertices. We prove the following Helly-type theorem: if there is an agreeing linear order on the vertex set of every subhypergraph of H with at most 2r − 2 vertices, then there is an agreeing linear order on the vertex set of H. We also show that the constant 2r − 2 cannot be reduced in the theorem. The case r = 3 of the theorem has particular interest in the axiomatic theory of betweenness. Similar results are obtained for further r-uniform hypergraphs (r ≥ 3), where one or two vertices are marked in each edge, and the linear orders need to satisfy various rules of agreement. In one of the cases we prove that no such Helly-type statement holds.
Some new $$(H_p-L_p)$$ type inequalities for weighted maximal operators of partial sums of Walsh–Fourier series
Authors: Baramidze Davit , Persson Lars-Erik , Tephnadze George
Published: May 2023

In this paper we introduce some new weighted maximal operators of the partial sums of the Walsh–Fourier series. We prove that for some “optimal” weights these new operators indeed are bounded from the martingale Hardy space $$H_{p}(G)$$

H
p

(
G
)

to the Lebesgue space $$L_{p}(G),$$

L
p

(
G
)

,

for $$0<p<1.$$

0
<
p
<
1
.

Moreover, we also prove sharpness of this result. As a consequence we obtain some new and well-known results.
Study of Global Photospheric and Chromospheric Flows Using Local Correlation Tracking and Machine Learning Methods I: Methodology and Uncertainty Estimates
Authors: Li Qin , Xu Yan , Verma Meetu , Denker Carsten , Zhao Junwei , Wang Haimin
Published: May 2023

Cyclical variations of the solar magnetic fields, and hence the level of solar activity, are among the top interests of space weather research. Surface flows in global-scale, in particular differential rotation and meridional flows, play important roles in the solar dynamo that describes the origin and variation of solar magnetic fields. In principle, differential rotation is the fundamental cause of dipole field formation and emergence, and meridional flows are the surface component of a longitudinal circulation that brings decayed field from low latitudes to polar regions. Such flows are key inputs and constraints of observational and modeling studies of solar cycles. Here, we present two methods, local correlation tracking (LCT) and machine learning-based self-supervised optical flow methods, to measure differential rotation and meridional flows from full-disk magnetograms that probe the photosphere and $\text{H}\alpha$
H
α
images that probe the chromosphere, respectively. LCT is robust in deriving photospheric flows using magnetograms. However, we found that it failed to trace flows using time-sequence $\text{H}\alpha $
H
α
data because of the strong dynamics of traceable features. The optical flow methods handle $\text{H}\alpha $
H
α
data better to measure the chromospheric flow fields. We found that the differential rotation from photospheric and chromospheric measurements shows a strong correlation with a maximum of $2.85~\upmu \text{rad}\,\text{s}^{-1}$
2.85

μrad

s

−
1

at the equator and the accuracy holds until $60^{\circ }$

60
∘

for the MDI and $\text{H}\alpha$
H
α
, $75^{\circ }$

75
∘

for the HMI dataset. On the other hand, the meridional flow deduced from the chromospheric measurement shows a similar trend as the concurrent photospheric measurement within $60^{\circ }$

60
∘

with a maximum of $20~\text{m}\,\text{s}^{-1}$
20

m

s

−
1

at $40^{\circ }$

40
∘

in latitude. Furthermore, the measurement uncertainties are discussed.
Phylourny: efficiently calculating elimination tournament win probabilities via phylogenetic methods
Authors: Bettisworth Ben , Jordan Alexander I. , Stamatakis Alexandros
Published: May 2023

The prediction of knockout tournaments represents an area of large public interest and active academic as well as industrial research. Here, we show how one can leverage the computational analogies between calculating the phylogenetic likelihood score used in the area of molecular evolution to efficiently calculate, instead of approximate via simulations, the exact per-team tournament win probabilities, given a pairwise win probability matrix between all teams. We implement and make available our method as open-source code and show that it is two orders of magnitude faster than simulations and two or more orders of magnitude faster than calculating the exact per-team win probabilities naïvely, without taking into account the substantial computational savings induced by the tournament tree structure. Furthermore, we showcase novel prediction approaches that now become feasible due to this order of magnitude improvement in calculating tournament win probabilities. We demonstrate how to quantify prediction uncertainty by calculating 100,000 distinct tournament win probabilities for a tournament with 16 teams under slight variations of a reasonable pairwise win probability matrix within one minute on a standard laptop. We also conduct an analogous analysis for a tournament with 64 teams.
A Comparative Study of Geometric Models for Predicting Permeability Coefficients and Specific Surface Areas of Fibrous Porous Media
Authors: Maré Esmari , Woudberg Sonia
Published: May 2023

Several studies in the literature have been devoted to the permeability prediction of metal foams and stacked fibres, including the representative unit cell (RUC) model. This study is the first to involve a comparative analysis for the permeability and specific surface area prediction of different versions of the RUC model for fibrous media, i.e. the 2D RUC models for in-plane and through plane flow, the 3D RUC model, the two-strut RUC models for in-plane and through plane flow and the three-strut RUC model. These models are chosen due to their simple rectangular geometry, as well as its satisfying performance in comparison with other models and experimental data as proven elsewhere in the literature for fibrous media. The Darcy and Forchheimer permeability coefficients of these models are presented of which some are novel contributions. A geometric approach requiring measured geometric parameters and a combined geometric-kinetic approach requiring measured permeability coefficients are included for determining the specific surface area for all the models of which the majority of expressions are new. Also novel to this study is the comparative analysis of the 2D and 3D RUC modelling approaches to that of the two-strut and three-strut approaches. An evaluation of which models would suit fibre-like media and which would suit foam-like media is also included with regard to permeability and specific surface area predictions, based on geometric features and model predictive ability. The models are evaluated through comparison with other models from the literature as well as available experimental and numerical data.
Student teachers’ conceptual knowledge of operant conditioning: How can case comparison support knowledge acquisition?
Authors: Kienzler Julia , Voss Thamar , Wittwer Jörg
Published: May 2023

Teachers need knowledge about operant conditioning as an important way to prevent student misbehavior. In an experiment with 181 student teachers, we investigated how the acquisition of conceptual knowledge about operant conditioning can be promoted through case comparisons. Our results showed that case comparison effectively supported the acquisition of knowledge about operant conditioning. Knowledge acquisition was higher with more guidance during case comparison by providing key features to be used to compare the cases. Furthermore, with more guidance student teachers learned more efficiently. In addition, higher germane load and lower extraneous load were found to mediate the effect of instructional guidance on learning. The case comparison was also associated with a shift in student teachers’ beliefs, with more appropriate beliefs about operant conditioning afterwards. Thus, the results indicate that case comparison is an effective approach to promoting the acquisition of conceptual knowledge and positive beliefs about operant conditioning.
Quantifying the spatial nonstationary response of influencing factors on ecosystem health based on the geographical weighted regression (GWR) model: an example in Inner Mongolia, China, from 1995 to 2020
Authors: Na Li , Shi Yu , Guo Luo
Published: May 2023

The identification of ecosystem health and its influencing factors is crucial to the sustainable management of ecosystems and ecosystem restoration. Although numerous studies on ecosystem health have been carried out from different perspectives, few studies have systematically investigated the spatiotemporal heterogeneity between ecosystem health and its influencing factors. Considering this gap, the spatial relationships between ecosystem health and its factors concerning climate, socioeconomic, and natural resource endowment at the county level were estimated based on a geographically weighted regression (GWR) model. The spatiotemporal distribution pattern and driving mechanism of ecosystem health were systematically analysed. The results showed the following: (1) the ecosystem health level in Inner Mongolia spatially increases from northwest to southeast, displaying notable global spatial autocorrelation and local spatial aggregation. (2) The factors influencing ecosystem health exhibit significant spatial heterogeneity. Annual average precipitation (AMP) and biodiversity (BI) are positively correlated with ecosystem health, and annual average temperature (AMT) and land use intensity (LUI) are estimated to be negatively correlated with ecosystem health. (3) Annual average precipitation (AMP) significantly improves ecosystem health, whereas annual average temperature (AMT) significantly worsens eco-health in the eastern and northern regions. LUI negatively impacts ecosystem health in western counties (such as Alxa, Ordos, and Baynnur). This study contributes to extending our understanding of ecosystem health depending on spatial scale and can inform decision-makers about how to control various influencing factors to improve the local ecology under local conditions. Finally, this study also proposes some relevant policy suggestions and provides effective ecosystem preservation and management support in Inner Mongolia.
Public Health-Led Insights on Electric Micro-mobility Adoption and Use: a Scoping Review
Authors: Bretones Alexandra , Marquet Oriol , Daher Carolyn , Hidalgo Laura , Nieuwenhuijsen Mark , Miralles-Guasch Carme , Mueller Natalie
Published: May 2023

The advent of electric micro-mobility (EMM) has transformed the urban mobility landscape, with projections indicating a 5–10% increase in its modal share in European cities by 2030. In this scoping review, we aimed to comprehensively examine the key determinants of EMM adoption and usage from a public health perspective. Sixty-seven articles were included in the analysis, primarily covering e-bikes and e-scooters. The determinants were categorised into two broad categories: (1) contextual determinants that encompass enabling and hindering factors related to legal frameworks, transportation systems and infrastructure, and technology, and (2) individual-level determinants that pertain to intrinsic motivations and deterrents of individuals. Our findings reveal that EMM vehicles are widely perceived as a cost-effective, flexible, ad hoc, and fast mode of transportation within urban areas, augmenting accessibility and connectivity. Additionally, the lightweight, foldable, and transportable nature of these vehicles is highly appreciated by users. However, several barriers have also been identified, including inadequate infrastructure and end-of-trip facilities, limited capability to traverse diverse terrains and trip scenarios, acquisition and maintenance costs, limited carrying capacities, technical failures, and accident risks. Our results suggest that the interplay of contextual enablers and barriers and personal motivations and deterrents drive the emergence, adoption, and usage of EMM. Hence, a comprehensive understanding of both contextual and individual-level determinants is crucial for ensuring a sustainable and healthy uptake of EMM.
Vitali covering theorem: from crystals to turbulence
Authors: Cardin Franco
Published: May 2023

We propose some crystalline materials showing a strong correspondence with a construction by Ball and Murat for elastostatic problems. Such a construction, translated into a space-time setting, is producing a plenty of turbulence self similar solutions.
Unruhe bewahren. Eine unordentliche Antwort auf Loïc Wacquants Plädoyer für eine Diskurskorrektur
Authors: do Mar Castro Varela María
Published: May 2023

Rassismus ist eine Tatsache und eine Erfahrung. Wie können wir über Rassismus sprechen, ohne rassistisch markierte Menschen zu verletzen? Wie Rassismus verstehen, um darauf aufbauend Strategien zu finden, die eine gerechtere Welt imaginierbar machen? Können dafür dieselben Methoden – Methoden des Sortierens und der Datensammlung – zum Einsatz kommen, die Rassismus ermöglicht haben? Der Text ist eine Antwort auf Loïc Wacquants Vorschlag, Rassismus mit Hilfe von fünf Grundsätzen und einem klaren und pragmatischen soziologischen Instrumentarium begreifbar zu machen. Dagegen wird argumentiert, dass Rassismus, gerade weil es sich bei diesem um eine jahrhundertalte Ideologie und Praxis handelt, die von europäischen Akademien legitimiert wurde, nach Strategien ruft, die nicht weiterhin die Illusion nähren, es wäre möglich, das Phänomen „in den Griff“ zu bekommen. Stattdessen wird dafür plädiert, der Empörung über die europäischen Wissenschaften, die Rassismus nicht nur geduldet, sondern auch aktiv möglich gemacht haben, Raum zu geben und in diesem Sinne Unruhe zu bewahren.
The lived experience of long-term follow-up clinical care for haematopoietic stem cell recipients in England: a qualitative exploration
Authors: Bell Blossom , Swainston Katherine
Published: May 2023

Purpose

Despite a haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) being a potentially curative treatment option for malignant and non-malignant disorders, patients may develop complex physical and psychological post-transplant complications. Consequently, transplant centres remain responsible for patients’ life-long monitoring and screening practices. We sought to describe how HSCT survivors experience long-term follow-up (LTFU) monitoring clinics in England.

Method

A qualitative approach was adopted with data collected from written accounts. Seventeen transplant recipients were recruited from across England, and the data was analysed using thematic analysis.

Results

Data analysis elicited four themes: Transfer to LTFU care: ‘will there be a change in my care, or will appointments just become less frequent?’; Care Coordination: ‘it is good to know I am still in the system’; Relationship continuity: ‘a good knowledge of me, my health and what is important to me’; and Late-effects Screening: ‘there was not much information about what to expect or be aware of’.

Conclusions

HSCT survivors in England experience uncertainty and lack of information regarding the transfer from acute to long-term care and clinic screening practices. However, patients gain reassurance from remaining on a healthcare pathway and maintaining relationships with healthcare professionals.

Implications for cancer survivors

HSCT recipients entering LTFU monitoring clinics are a growing population of cancer survivors. Understanding and acknowledging this cohort of patients’ needs may inform the development of tailored support to help patients navigate the complicated healthcare pathway.
Do artificial neural networks provide improved volatility forecasts: Evidence from Asian markets
Authors: Sahiner Mehmet , McMillan David G. , Kambouroudis Dimos
Published: May 2023

This paper enters the ongoing volatility forecasting debate by examining the ability of a wide range of Machine Learning methods (ML), and specifically Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models. The ANN models are compared against traditional econometric models for ten Asian markets using daily data for the time period from 12 September 1994 to 05 March 2018. The empirical results indicate that ML algorithms, across the range of countries, can better approximate dependencies compared to traditional benchmark models. Notably, the predictive performance of such deep learning models is superior perhaps due to its ability in capturing long-range dependencies. For example, the Neuro Fuzzy models of ANFIS and CANFIS, which outperform the EGARCH model, are more flexible in modelling both asymmetry and long memory properties. This offers new insights for Asian markets. In addition to standard statistics forecast metrics, we also consider risk management measures including the value-at-risk (VaR) average failure rate, the Kupiec LR test, the Christoffersen independence test, the expected shortfall (ES) and the dynamic quantile test. The study concludes that ML algorithms provide improving volatility forecasts in the stock markets of Asia and suggest that this may be a fruitful approach for risk management.
Injury Rates, Mechanisms, Risk Factors and Prevention Strategies in Youth Rugby Union: What’s All the Ruck-Us About? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: West Stephen W. , Shill Isla J. , Bailey Stuart , Syrydiuk Reid A. , Hayden K. Alix , Palmer Debbie , Black Amanda M. , Hagel Brent E. , Stokes Keith A. , Emery Carolyn A.
Published: May 2023

Background

Rugby Union is a collision team sport played globally. Despite this, significant concerns have been raised regarding the sport’s safety, particularly in youth players. Given this, a review of injury rates, risk factors and prevention strategies is required across different youth age groups as well as in males and females.

Objective

The objective of this systematic review (SR) and meta-analysis was to investigate injury and concussion rates, risk factors and primary prevention strategies in youth rugby.

Methods

To be included, studies were required to report either rates, risk factors or prevention strategies in youth rugby and to have a randomised controlled trial, quasi-experimental, cohort, case control, or ecological study design. Exclusion criteria included non-peer-reviewed grey literature, conference abstracts, case studies, previous systematic reviews and studies not written in English. Nine databases were searched. The full search strategy and list of sources are available and pre-registered on PROSPERO (Ref: CRD42020208343). Each study was assessed for risk of bias using the Downs and Black quality assessment tool. Meta-analyses were conducted using a DerSimonian Laird random effect model for each age group and sex.

Results

Sixty-nine studies were included in this SR. The match injury rates (using a 24-h time-loss definition) were 40.2/1000 match hours (95% CI 13.9–66.5) in males and 69.0/1000 match hours (95% CI 46.8–91.2) in females. Concussion rates were 6.2/1000 player-hours (95% CI 5.0–7.4) for males and 33.9/1000 player-hours (95% CI: 24.1–43.7) for females. The most common injury site was lower extremity (males) and the head/neck (females). The most common injury type was ligament sprain (males) and concussion (females). The tackle was the most common event associated with injury in matches (55% male, 71% females). Median time loss was 21 days for males and 17 days for females. Twenty-three risk factors were reported. The risk factors with the strongest evidence were higher levels of play and increasing age. Primary injury prevention strategies were the focus of only eight studies and included law changes (n = 2), equipment (n = 4), education (n = 1) and training (n = 1). The prevention strategy with the most promising evidence was neuromuscular training. The primary limitations included a broad range of injury definitions (n = 9) and rate denominators (n = 11) used, as well as a limited number of studies which could be included in the meta-analysis for females (n = 2).

Conclusion

A focus on high-quality risk factor and primary prevention evaluation should be considered in future studies. Targeting primary prevention and stakeholder education remain key strategies in the prevention, recognition and management of injuries and concussions in youth rugby.
Developing Lignite Pervious Concrete for Application in Pedestrian Walkways and Urban Runoff Treatment
Authors: Teymouri Ehsan , Pauzi Nurul Noraziemah Mohd , Wong Kwong Soon
Published: May 2023

In the present study, the mechanical characteristics and environmental aspects of lignite pervious concrete (LPC) in reducing stormwater pollution were investigated. Therefore, fine-grained lignite (0.6–1.2 mm) in various portions (up to 15% w/w of coarse aggregate) was added to the PC mixture. The workability, strength, cementitious paste thickness, and physical properties of LPC were examined for further application in urban areas with a focus on stormwater treatment. The statistical analysis of the results of ANOVA and visualization of the microstructure of LPC by means of scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were also presented. The results showed that LPC is a sticky paste with no slump (0). Adding lignite also slightly reduced the compressive strength of LPC up to 23% lower than the control sample (13.8 MPa). In addition, the presence of lignite led to a considerable reduction in permeability (40%) and porosity (51%) compared to the control sample. It was also found that the increase in cementitious paste thickness resulted in an increase of the compressive strength, which was mainly concentrated between 0.3 and 1.8 mm. However, the performance of LPC in reducing stormwater contamination was promising. Sample L15, with the highest removal efficiency, reduced the chemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids, and turbidity up to 42.14%, 63.38%, and 67.24%, respectively, while no significant changes were observed in pH, total dissolved solids, and nitrate (NO3). In short, although adding lignite to PC caused a reduction in the strength and physical properties of LPC, its efficiency in reducing stormwater pollution is quite promising, and it is recommended for use in green spaces of urban areas.

Graphical Abstract
Local intermediaries in energy transitions: bridging the gap from niche level to changing the regime
Authors: Laborgne Pia
Published: May 2023

The energy transition represents a complex and longterm process taking place at different governance levels and representing a set of policies and structural changes. The local level, especially cities and regions, can be considered as a central level for the implementation of energy transitions. These transitions are only in part technical ones, but essentially embedded in, based on, and consisting of changes in social practices and in the organization of societal problem-solving transforming infrastructure governance. This paper demonstrates one central form of organizational change in local energy transition strategies: The creation of local intermediaries, defined by their function and position in between other actors. Based on a case study in Frankfurt/Main, Germany, and referring to the multi-level perspective on socio-technical transitions and the concept of social innovation, it analyses how systemic intermediaries can e.g. bridge the gap from niche to changing the regime.
Assembly-level analysis on temperature coefficient of reactivity in a graphite-moderated fuel salt reactor fueled with low-enriched uranium
Authors: Li Xiao-Xiao , Cui De-Yang , Zou Chun-Yan , Wu Jian-Hui , Cai Xiang-Zhou , Chen Jin-Gen
Published: May 2023

To provide a reliable and comprehensive data reference for core geometry design of graphite-moderated and low-enriched uranium fueled molten salt reactors, the influences of geometric parameters on the temperature coefficient of reactivity (TCR) at an assembly level were characterized. A four-factor formula was introduced to explain how different reactivity coefficients behave in terms of the fuel salt volume fraction and assembly size. The results show that the fuel salt temperature coefficient (FSTC) is always negative owing to a more negative fuel salt density coefficient in the over-moderated region or a more negative Doppler coefficient in the under-moderated region. Depending on the fuel salt channel spacing, the graphite moderator temperature coefficient (MTC) can be negative or positive. Furthermore, an assembly with a smaller fuel salt channel spacing is more likely to exhibit a negative MTC. As the fuel salt volume fraction increases, the negative FSTC first weakens and then increases, owing to the fuel salt density effect gradually weakening from negative to positive feedback and then decreasing. Meanwhile, the MTC weakens as the thermal utilization coefficient caused by the graphite temperature effect deteriorates. Thus, the negative TCR first weakens and then strengthens, mainly because of the change in the fuel salt density coefficient. As the assembly size increases, the magnitude of the FSTC decreases monotonously owing to a monotonously weakened fuel salt Doppler coefficient, whereas the MTC changes from gradually weakened negative feedback to gradually enhanced positive feedback. Then, the negative TCR weakens. Therefore, to achieve a proper negative TCR, particularly a negative MTC, an assembly with a smaller fuel salt channel spacing in the under-moderated region is strongly recommended.
Analyzing Trends in Material Culture Evolution—a Case Study of Gravettian Points from Lower Austria and Moravia
Authors: Maier Andreas , John Robin , Linsel Florian , Roth Georg , Antl-Weiser Walpurga , Bauer Lisa , Buchinger Norbert , Cavak Levin , Hoffmann Helen , Puschmann Janos , Schemmel Marcel , Schmid Viola C. , Simon Ulrich , Thomas Roswitha
Published: May 2023

Identifying, analyzing, and explaining trends in the development of material culture is one of the major concerns in prehistoric archaeology. The traditional recording of data in typologies, however, is not optimal for answering the question of diachronic change because typological data capture variability poorly and are often incompatible with multivariate statistics. To overcome these problems, we present PyREnArA (Python-R-Environment for Artifact Analysis), a trait-based tool that allows for a systematic recording of diversity and variability in a way that is applicable to quantitative analysis and multivariate statistics. Using Gravettian assemblages from Lower Austria and Moravia as a case study, we analyze changes in the morphology as well as the design of lithic projectiles and statistically determine the amount of variation that correlates with the progression of time. We identify a slow trend towards slenderer and more pointed projectiles and a shift from laterally to latero-frontally hafted implements. Most of the analyzed traits, however, appear not to experience selective pressure and seem to be unrelated to the passage of time. We discuss these results with regard to different scales of selection, in particular individual choice vs. macroevolutionary group selection over longer periods of time and thus beyond the realm of individual intend, and we raise questions for future research.
Incidences of underlying causes of hypothermia in older patients in the emergency department: a systematic review
Authors: Snijders Birgitta M. G. , Roos Marvin J. , Keijsers Carolina J. P. W.
Published: May 2023

Purpose

Hypothermia is a serious condition in older adults. Knowledge of a priori chances of underlying diseases may affect initial management, hence prognosis. This systematic review provided an overview of existing literature on the incidences of underlying causes of hypothermia in older patients at the emergency department.

Methods

MEDLINE, The Cochrane Library, and Embase were searched up to February 1st, 2022. Inclusion criteria were age ≥ 65 years, emergency department setting, and body temperature < 36.0 degrees Celsius. Exclusion criteria were iatrogenic hypothermia, no underlying cause reported, and patient selection based on specific diseases. Title/abstract and full-text were screened and quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool. Data were presented using descriptive statistics and narrative analyses.

Results

Forty-one reports were included, including 6 cohort studies and 35 case reports. The 6 studies involved 2173 hypothermic patients, whose age varied from a mean of 67 to a median of 79 years and temperature from a median of 30.8 to a mean of 33.7 degrees Celsius. One study reported about primary hypothermia (incidence of 44%). Acute medical illness was often reported as underlying cause of secondary hypothermia (49–51%). Reported incidences of infection and sepsis ranged from 10 to 32%, of trauma up to 14%, and of alcohol intoxication from 5 to 26%.

Conclusion

Limited studies have been published regarding this topic, and the overall quality of the evidence was graded as low. Causes that should not be missed include acute medical illness, trauma, alcohol intoxication, primary hypothermia, thyroid failure, and drug-induced hypothermia.
Need for speed? Why vehicles capable of driving faster than legal speed limits should be banned
Authors: Petersen Thomas Søbirk , Lippert-Rasmussen Kasper
Published: May 2023

Speeding is a major cause of avoidable deaths and serious injuries. In this article, we defend the view that, with few exceptions, vehicles should be required by law to have a limited intelligent speed assistant (LISA) fitted, making it impossible to exceed speed limits. Our core argument appeals to the four-element Principle of Required Prohibition: if (1) through suitable legal regulation of design and production, the state can significantly reduce the harm users of a product P do to others through P’s illegal use without thereby causing comparable harms resulting from people not breaking the law; (2) that the relevant use of P ought to be illegal; (3) the regulation does not make any significant lawful use of P no longer possible; and (4) there is no other feasible and more efficient way of avoiding the relevant harm that users of P do others through P’s illegal use, then the state ought to regulate the design and production of P to significantly reduce the harm users of P do others through P’s illegal use. This principle, we argue, is extremely weak and should be acceptable across a wide range of ethical theories, yet it implies that the fitting of LISA to vehicles (but not police cars, ambulances etc.) should be mandatory by law. We defend the principle against five possible objections. For example, that the Principle of Required Prohibition is too interventionist and anti-libertarian. To counter that worry, we argue that principles that are even more interventionist are justifiable. Our conclusion is that the state should make it impossible for drivers to illegally violate speed limitations by making the installation of LISA on cars compulsory by law, just as the state, in many other ways, renders it impossible, or at any rate harder, for us to violate laws.
Recent spectrophotometric and electroanalytical methods used for the determination of quinoline-based compounds
Authors: Alessa Hussain
Published: May 2023

The current century experienced many disasters affecting the human-being existence. Malaria and new corona virus (COVID-19) are two deadly infections according to the world health organization (WHO). Different types of drugs were used for their treatment, for example quinoline-based drugs. The determination of these compounds in human body or pharmaceutical tablets is crucial for assessing the quality assurance during its manufacture, also for the medication trials. This review provides the current spectrophotometric and electroanalytical methods utilized for the determination of quinoline-associated compounds, such as chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, quinine, mefloquine, piperaquine, primaquine and amodiaquine.
Intelligent Intensive Care Unit: Current and Future Trends
Authors: Mao Zhi , Liu Chao , Li Qinglin , Cui Yating , Zhou Feihu
Published: May 2023

There is a growing demand for intensive care units, but there is a relative shortage of medical staff. Intensive care work is heavy and stressful. Optimizing the working conditions and processes of the intensive care unit is of great significance for improving the work efficiency and the level of diagnosis and treatment in the intensive care unit. The intelligent intensive care unit is a new ward management model gradually developed on the basis of modern science and technology such as communication technology, internet of things, artificial intelligence, robots, and big data. Under this model, the potential risks caused by human factors are greatly reduced, and the monitoring and treatment of patients has been significantly improved. This paper reviews the progress in related fields.
Clinical Features of Herpes Simplex Encephalitis and Risk Factors for Post-Encephalitic Epilepsy in Children
Authors: Wei Guangshuai , Wang Jiandong , Wang Yao , Zhang Yu , Chen Guangfa , Wang Huaili
Published: May 2023

Objective

Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is a common form of sporadic encephalitis and is prone to neurological sequelae such as epilepsy in young children, which can have a significant impact on young children at the time of neurological development. This study aimed to analyze the clinical features of HSE in children and to explore its risk factors for post-encephalitic epilepsy (PE).

Methods

The case data of children who met the HSE diagnostic criteria between January 2013 and June 2021 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were retrospectively analyzed.

Results

The incidence of PE in children with HSE was 42.2% (19/45cases). The initial symptoms were fever with headache or convulsions. In the acute phase, there were 13 cases (28.9%) with psychiatric behavior disorders, 16 cases (35.6%) with neurological deficit symptoms, and 24 cases (53.3%) with altered consciousness. Univariate analysis of fever duration, fever peak, psychiatric behavior disorders, neurological deficit symptoms, acute phase seizures and seizure frequency, ICU length of stay, admission GCS, and cranial imaging in children with HSE indicated statistically significant mixed involvement (all P < 0.05), and multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that repetitive seizures (more than 5 seizures) (OR = 1.551;95% CI 1.229–1.958, P < 0.001) in the acute phase was an independent risk factor for the occurrence of PE.

Conclusion

The main symptoms in children with HSE in the acute phase include seizures, altered consciousness, neurological deficit symptoms, and psychiatric behavioral abnormalities. Children with HSE has a high incidence of PE, especially if they have repetitive seizures (more than 5 seizures) in the acute phase.
Experimental determination of the fracture forming limits in metal forming
Authors: Magrinho J. P. , Silva M. B. , Martins P. A. F.
Published: May 2023

This paper revisits the determination of the fracture forming limits in metal forming with the purpose of providing readers understanding on the experimental procedures and identification of their pitfalls and sources of error. The presentation covers fracture in sheet and bulk metal forming under three different crack opening modes: by tension (mode I of fracture mechanics), by in-plane shear (mode II), and by out-of-plane shear (mode III). It is shown that the determination of the fracture forming limits must account for the specificities of sheet forming, which is fundamentally based on material flow under plane stress conditions, and of bulk forming, which essentially features material flow under three-dimensional conditions. The content of the paper is an attempt to merge previous work of the authors in the determination of the fracture forming limits, which is scattered through various publications, so that a comprehensive view of their accumulated experience in sheet and bulk forming can be provided in a single publication.
Archaeological Mapping and Planning
Authors: Barnard Hans
Published: May 2023

This richly illustrated Element introduces the reader to the basic principles of archaeological mapping and planning. It presents both the mathematical and the practical backgrounds, as well as many tips and tricks. This will enable archaeologists to create acceptable maps and plans of archaeological remains, even with limited means of in adverse circumstances.
The weak life of the nation: Spyridon Zambelios’ philosophical history and its Hegelian roots
Authors: Dimoula Vasiliki
Published: May 2023

This paper examines the concept of life in the historiographical work of Spyridon Zambelios. Through a comparative reading with Hegel, it argues that the organicist philosophical background of Zambelios’ national narrative is double-edged: on the one hand, life is linked to infinity in ways that lead to a redefinition of Zambelios’ central notion of national ‘ὁλομέλεια’. On the other, Spirit's immersion in natural life creates complications, which, as in Hegel, place the ‘transition’ from one historical period to the next under the auspices of death, and, in the final analysis, yield a notion, not of infinite, but of a ‘weak’ life which undermines the national narrative from within.
Backsliding by surprise: the rise of Chavismo
Authors: Kronick Dorothy , Plunkett Barry , Rodriguez Pedro L.
Published: May 2023

How do elected autocrats come to power? Prominent explanations point to distributive conflict. We propose instead that some candidates advertise democratic deconsolidation as “deepening democracy,” which can have cross-cutting appeal. We evaluate this proposal through the election of Venezuela's Hugo Chávez, an emblematic elected autocrat. Using original data, we find that historical voting patterns and political rhetoric are consistent with our proposal: Chávez came to power with the cross-class support of voters from across the traditional political spectrum, and his campaign emphasized rather than obscured his plan to remake political institutions.
The Last Genocide against the Yazidi People
Authors: Ahmed Mohammed Hawre
Published: May 2023

When the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) emerged from the ashes of unsolved political, religious, and sectarian conflicts in the Middle East, it became one of the greatest threats to global order in recent years. It invaded and occupied a large swath of territory in Iraq and Syria, leaving a trail of bloodshed in its wake. ISIS fighters carried out a deliberate campaign of annihilation against the religious Yazidi community, which is officially recognized as a protected group under the UN Genocide Convention. ISIS identified them as an “unbeliever community” and proceeded to embark on an eliminationist campaign against the group, including deliberate killing, destruction of the conditions of their life, and the capture and transference of Yazidi children.