bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling the interiors of rocky exoplanets in the habitable zone
Authors: Boldog Ádám , Dobos Vera , Barr Amy C.
Published: July 2021

We have modeled the possible interior structures of habitable zone rocky exoplanets based on their masses and radii. In our model, the planetary interior is divided into four layers: iron core, rocky mantle, high pressure ice and water / ice. In order to assess the habitability of these planets, we have estimated the minimum and maximum H2O content of each exoplanet. We have calculated the tidal heating of the host star as well as the heat flux from the decay of radioactive elements in the interior of the planets. We have estimated whether these processes, along with the incident stellar flux, could provide sufficient energy to melt the upper ice layers and act as a continuous source of heat to sustain liquid water either inside the planet or on the planetary surface. Taking into account all these effects, we have a better understanding of the habitability of these planets. We propose to make new observations of those planets that we have found habitable to better constrain their parameters and to characterize their atmospheres.
Towards non-LTE retrieval of molecules in Exoplanet atmospheres
Authors: Wright Sam , Yurchenko Sergey
Published: July 2021

As next generation observation facilities become available for the characterisation of Exoplanet atmospheres, the capacity to move beyond the assumption of molecules existing in local thermodynamic equilibrium becomes more pressing. While atmospheric retrieval of Exoplanet atmospheres has operated under this assumption, it is known that many effects within planetary atmospheres drive molecules away from this equilibrium - into a state of non-local thermodynamic equilibrium, or non-LTE.  Here we revisit the bi-temperature model for approximating non-LTE molecule populations which uses a two temperature parameterisation: distinct rotational and vibrational temperatures. Here the implementation of this model is used in the molecular cross section generation code Exocross (Yurchenko et al. 2018) to further explore the differences arising in forward modelled spectra due to molecules existing in non-LTE.Now we include an exploration of non-LTE in the the optical with the additional consideration of Titanium Oxide (TiO) - this diatomic exhibits bands of accentuated intensity when in non-LTE. This can be seen in the figure shown here - forward model examples for TiO in the atmosphere of WASP-76b with 3 transit observations simulated for JWST's NIRSpec instrument set to use its G140H grating. Here the divergence between spectra for the LTE and non-LTE cases can be seen to be particularly pronounced around 0.85 micron. In addition we show that the bi-temperature paramterisation is tractable for atmospheric retrieval. Here modifications were made to the publicly available atmospheric retrieval code TauREx 3 to include the additional temperature degree of freedom and non-LTE cross section data were generated using the Exocross code. This enables us to demonstrate the retrieval of both rotational and vibrational temperature parameters from JWST data simulated with under 10 transits.
The dust tail gap of C/2014 Q1 (PanSTARRS)
Authors: Afghan Qasim , Jones Geraint H. , Price Oliver
Published: July 2021

A dust tail ‘gap’ was discovered in amateur images of the dust tail of C/2014 Q1 (PanSTARRS), which appeared around the comet’s most recent perihelion on 6th July 2015. This gap presented itself as a wedge-shaped region devoid of dust, with the comet’s dust tail appearing to be normal on either side of this dark zone.The results of the C/2014 Q1 study, employing Finson-Probstein modelling of the dust tail, show that none of the dust lay along the comet’s orbital path, confirming that both sections of dust were part of the dust tail and not a typical separation between dust tail and dust trail. A gap, devoid of dust, separates these two sections. The edges of this gap are bounded fairly accurately by lines of constant dust ejection time, corresponding to dust that should have been ejected between 6th July and 12th July. This suggests that cometary activity between these two dates was drastically reduced, although the cause of this is still unknown. The gap was visible throughout July and August 2015, and its shape and structure remained constant in the context of expected dust tail behaviour.  The limited dataset for C/2014 Q1 meant that the formation mechanism of this gap could not be fully investigated.  However, a subsequent survey of amateur and professional comet images revealed the presence of similar gaps in the dust tails of several other comets. Analysis of these comets show many similarities with the results of the C/2014 Q1 study, including that these dust gaps observed all form during the comets’ perihelia. We present the results of individual analyses and cross-comparison of these comets, and summarize what we believe are the most likely scenarios for the formation of these perplexing features. 
Asteroid phase curves using sparse and dense photometry
Authors: Wilawer Emil , Oszkiewicz Dagmara , Kryszczyńska Agnieszka , Marciniak Anna , Shevchenko Vasilij
Published: July 2021

We present a phase-curve computation method capable of combining sparse survey data, like relative photometry with dense differential measurements. Combining those types of data allows to obtain phase-curves parameters for large number of asteroids for which using traditional approach would not be sufficient.Using traditional dense ground-based photometry collected at Astronomical Observatory Institute of Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań alongside with absolute Gaia measurements we were able to perform more accurate lightcurve amplitude correction and then derive the phase-slope parameter β of the phase-curve separately for each opposition which met our selection criteria. We show preliminary results for 31 oppositions of 24 asteroids.In the future we plan to create a large photometric database containing sparse and dense photometry from various publicly available data sources (Gaia, ATLAS, K2, LSST, TESS, VISTA and others) which will include absolute, relative and differential photometry.Acknowledgments: This work has been supported by grant No. 2017/25/B/ST9/00740 from the National Science Centre, Poland.
Spectroscopic study of Ceres' collisional family candidate members: taxonomic classification and comparison to Ceres' surface.
Authors: Tinaut-Ruano Fernando , de Leon Julia , Tatsumi Eri , Rousseau Batiste , Rizos Juan Luis
Published: July 2021

Despite the observed signs of large impacts on the surface of Ceres, there is no confirmed collisional family associated with this dwarf planet. Carruba et al. (2016) carried out a dynamical study in the ‘pristine region’ of the main asteroid belt and proposed a sample of 156 asteroids as candidates to be members of a Ceres’ collisional family. Our main objective in this work is to study the spectral link between Ceres and a total of 14 observed asteroids among the family candidate samples proposed by Carruba et al. (2016) to explore their potential membership to the collisional family.For this aim we obtained visible spectra of these 14 asteroids using the OSIRIS spectrograph at the 10.4m Gran Telescopio de Canarias (GTC), located at the El Roque de los Muchachos Observatory (La Palma, Spain), managed by the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC). We reduced the raw images and extracted the spectra with a semi-automatic Python-based pipeline. After that, we computed spectral slopes in two different wavelength ranges: one in the visible (490-800 nm) and one in the visible-near-infrared (800-920 nm) to compare the obtained values with those in Ceres’ surface already Ncomputed by Rousseau et al. (2020) using the spectrometer onboard the NASA Dawn spacecraft.We present the spectra and the taxonomy of 14 observed asteroids, their taxonomy, and calculated slopes. We concluded that only one asteroid could be compatible with an origin in a primitive collision at Ceres. We have also found a hydration band at 700 nm, also found in the surroundings of crater Occattor (Rizos et al. 2019). On the other hand, we have also found a relation between the spectral slope of the craters in Ceres’ surface and their age in both wavelength ranges. This behavior could be related to space weathering.Exploring the sample as a whole, the variability in member’s taxonomy and the differences in their spectral slopes makes us conclude that they cannot be considered as members of a collisional family of Ceres. However, the presence of a hydration band in one of the asteroids could be proof that such a family may have existed.  Bibliography:Carruba, V., Nesvorný, D., Marchi, S., & Aljbaae, S. 2016, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 458, 1117Rousseau, B., De Sanctis, M. C., Raponi, A., et al. 2020, A&A, 642, A74Rizos, J. L., de León, J., Licandro, J., et al. 2019, Icarus, 328, 69
Why international space collaborations should be anticolonial
Authors: Marino Alessandra , Ghermandi Gabriella
Published: July 2021

This paper synthesises and presents evidence from existing literature on how space projects and infrastructures built in the Global South have had – often unintended – negative impacts on local and Indigenous communities (Redfield 2000). The example of the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) in South Africa demonstrates that there are often competing priorities at play within space projects and that equitable practices must be at the heart of all space initiatives that aim to foster inclusive and just outcomes (Walker, Chinigo’ 2019). While dispossession due to space infrastructure has received recent scholarly attention, the ways in which the methods of scientific research reframe relationships and the sites of space research often remain invisible. This paper touches upon three areas where more equitable practices are needed to address historically crystallised asymmetries of power: 1) partnerships; 2) fieldwork; 3) approaches to science. I use Harding’s decolonial philosophies of science (2017) to instigate a dialogue with other disciplines and propose a change of practice in science. Fieldwork in analogue environments in Africa is used as an example of fostering collaborations and scientific endeavours that are actively anticolonial and combat the ways in which the Global North can be extractive in its approach to space projects on our planet. Can ethical frameworks be useful tools to appropriately consider the potential impacts of space projects and collaborations on local communities? 
Definition and use of functional analogues in planetary exploration
Authors: Foucher Frédéric , Hickman-Lewis Keyron , Westall Frances ,   EURO-CARES team
Published: July 2021

The practical limitations inherent to human and robotic planetary exploration necessitate the development of specific protocols, instrumentations and methods. This non-standard approach implies testing and validation phases in order to optimize the setups and to improve the scientific interpretations prior to, during, and after a mission. These tests are made either using space instruments or representative systems and are carried out on ‘analogue samples’ and/or in ‘analogue sites’. Analogues can be globally defined as objects or sites having compositions and/or physical properties similar to specific extraterrestrial objects.Nevertheless, due to the variability in composition and properties of natural materials, there are always – inevitably – some differences between the analogue and the object(s) to which it refers. In studies using analogues, it is thus important to focus on the specific properties that need to be imitated and to consider analogue properties rather than analogue sites or samples alone.Thus, we recently introduced the concept of “functional analogues” (Foucher et al., 2021).  Functional analogues are defined as terrestrial sites, materials or objects exhibiting general properties more or less similar to those anticipated on the targeted extraterrestrial body, but having specific analogue properties that are highly or perfectly relevant for a given use.Based on this definition, we sorted functional analogues according to their utility for different domains, from engineering to astrobiology, throughout the timeline of space missions. We also proposed logical pathways to facilitate the selection of the best-suited functional analogue(s) according to their intended use.Reference: Foucher, F., Hickman-Lewis, K., Hutzler, A., Joy, K.H., Folco, L., Bridges, J.C., Wozniakiewicz, P., Martínez-Frías, J., Debaille, V., Zolensky, M., Yano, H., Bost, N., Ferrière, L., Lee, M., Michalski, J., Schroeven-Deceuninck, H., Kminek, G., Viso, M., Russell, S., Smith, C., Zipfel, J., Westall, F., 2021. Definition and use of functional analogues in planetary exploration. Planetary and Space Science 197, 105162.
Charting nearby stellar systems: The intensity of Galactic cosmic rays for a sample of solar-type stars
Authors: Rodgers-Lee Donna , Vidotto Aline , Mesquita Amanda
Published: July 2021

Galactic cosmic rays are important for exoplanetary atmospheres. They can contribute to the formation of hazes, prebiotic molecules and atmospheric electrical circuits. A number of so-called fingerprint ions, such as oxonium, have been identified from chemical modelling which are thought to be signatures of ionisation by energetic particles, such as Galactic cosmic rays. These fingerprint ions may be observed in exoplanetary atmospheres with upcoming JWST observations.I will discuss our recent results that model the propagation of Galactic cosmic rays through the stellar winds of a number of nearby solar-type stars. Our sample comprises of 5 well-observed solar-type stars that we have constructed well-constrained stellar wind models for. This allows us to calculate the transport of Galactic cosmic rays through these systems. I will present our results of the Galactic cosmic ray fluxes that reach (a) the habitable zone and (b) the location of known exoplanets. The systems show a variety of behaviour and I will discuss the most promising systems for upcoming JWST observations. 
Evidence for local acceleration of heavy >10 MeV/n oxygen and sulphur in Jupiter's innermost radiation belts
Authors: Roussos Elias , Cohen Christina , Kollmann Peter , Pinto Marco , Gonçalves Patricia , Krupp Norbert , Dialynas Konstantinos
Published: July 2021

Jupiter's radiation belts constitute a multi-component system, trapping high intensities of electrons, protons and heavier ions. We revisit measurements from Galileo's Heavy Ion Counter (HIC) instrument, a high-quality dataset that extends considerably the energy range covered by Galileo/EPD and Juno/JEDI (
NoRCEL and its Outreach in Sub Saharan Africa
Authors: Jheeta Sohan
Published: July 2021

Currently there are low levels of access to high quality education and learning facilities in certain developing nations, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. For example, at best, some university facilities there are barely comparable to western high school levels and, at worse, they don’t even have modern laboratory equipment; the basics that they do have being relics from the 1960’s and 70’s. In addition, I know of at least one secondary school in Malawi where there are two “sittings” —a morning session for one set of pupils and an afternoon for the second. Both with the same teachers. That is to say, there is both the lack of qualified teachers and they cannot afford to expand the school. During the last six years I myself have been promoting science throughout parts of the developing world, principally through astronomy because this is one science which is common to humanity. I have given numerous oral presentations on space in general, astrochemistry, astrobiology and astrophysics as well as helping to promote an interest in these subjects by holding specific workshops. Until now, I have been operating as a “one-man band” and the challenge is to encourage students to become involved and active in astronomy, astrophysics, astrochemistry and astrobiology (theastrocsiences) and then to support them should they wish to progress further and take up a career in these fields. There are many difficulties to overcome, including lack of awareness and inclusion with the wider world, as well as a severe lack of funding. The many talented and able students who could become assets in the field of astronomy are missing out and if only they had the opportunity, they could really develop their capabilities and become excellent researchers and astronomers. In order to even stand a chance of making this happen, we need liaison with European established organisations that can deliver both expertise, funding and definitive, quantifiable schemes which will raise the expectations of these students as well as the universities. The ultimate goal is to put astronomy on the curriculum. The interest I have so far been able to generate amongst students is intense and I have been inspired by their enthusiasm, so the time is now right to develop and widen these activities in a more organised and proactive manner and this is where NoRCEL comes into force.Currently, NoRCEL is researching the possibility of setting up a virtual Science Education Institute which will be launched next year in conjunction with Professor Golden Gadzirayi Nyambuya of the National University of Science & Technology, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe.
Lake surface sediment pollen dataset for the alpine meadow vegetation type from the eastern Tibetan Plateau and its potential in past climate reconstructions
Authors: Cao Xianyong , Tian Fang , Li Kai , Ni Jian , Yu Xiaoshan , Liu Lina , Wang Nannan
Published: July 2021

Abstract. A modern pollen dataset with an even distribution of sites is essential for
pollen-based past vegetation and climate estimations. As there were
geographical gaps in previous datasets covering the central and eastern
Tibetan Plateau, lake surface sediment samples (n=117) were collected from
the alpine meadow region on the Tibetan Plateau between elevations of 3720
and 5170 m a.s.l. Pollen identification and counting were based on standard
approaches, and modern climate data were interpolated from a robust modern
meteorological dataset. A series of numerical analyses revealed that
precipitation is the main climatic determinant of pollen spatial
distribution: Cyperaceae, Ranunculaceae, Rosaceae, and Salix indicate wet
climatic conditions, while Poaceae, Artemisia, and Chenopodiaceae represent drought.
Model performance of both weighted-averaging partial least squares (WA-PLS)
and the random forest (RF) algorithm suggest that this modern pollen dataset
has good predictive power in estimating the past precipitation from pollen
spectra from the eastern Tibetan Plateau. In addition, a comprehensive
modern pollen dataset can be established by combining our modern pollen
dataset with previous datasets, which will be essential for the
reconstruction of vegetation and climatic signals for fossil pollen spectra
on the Tibetan Plateau. Pollen datasets including both pollen counts and
percentages for each sample, together with their site location and climatic
data, are available at the National Tibetan Plateau Data Center (TPDC; Cao et
al., 2021; https://doi.org/10.11888/Paleoenv.tpdc.271191).
Implementing the Water, HEat and Transport model in GEOframe WHETGEO-1D v.1.0: algorithms, informatics, design patterns, open science features, and 1D deployment
Authors: Tubini Niccolò , Rigon Riccardo
Published: July 2021

Abstract. This paper presents WHETGEO and its 1D deployment, a new, physically based model simulating the water and energy budgets in a soil column. The purpose of this contribution is twofold. First, we discuss the mathematical and numerical issues involved in solving the Richardson-Richards equation, conventionally known as Richards' equation, and the heat equation in heterogeneous soils. In particular, for the Richardson-Richards equation (R2) we take advantage of the nested Newton-Casulli-Zanolli (NCZ) algorithm that ensures the convergence of the numerical solution in any condition. Second, starting from numerical and modelling needs, we present the design of a software that is intended to be the first building block of a new, customisable, land-surface model that is integrated with process-based hydrology. WHETGEO is developed as an open-source code, adopting the Object-Oriented paradigm and a generic programming approach in order to improve its usability and expandability. WHETGEO is fully integrated in the GEOframe/OMS3 system allowing the use of the many ancillary tools it provides. Finally the paper presents the 1D deployment of WHETGEO, WHETGEO-1D, which has been tested against the available analytical solutions presented in Appendix.
Technical Note: Building a methodological framework and toolkit for news media dataset tracking of conflict and cooperation dynamics on transboundary rivers
Authors: Guo Liying , Wei Jing , Zhang Keer , Tian Fuqiang
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Management of transboundary rivers will be one of the great political and environmental challenges of the 21st century if knowledge of conflict and cooperation is not fully developed. Transboundary river conflict and cooperation are critical for the sustainable development of river basins, regional security, and stability, and have significant scientific and practical implications. The construction of a dataset of transboundary water events – individual conflictive or cooperative interaction between riparian –provides important data support and factual basis for the study of transboundary rivers. However, the most representative research, the Transboundary Freshwater Dispute Database, is built by means of manual reading for information extraction, thus difficult for fast updating, also does not cover the global changes in the past decade. This research aims to build a methodological framework for news media datasets tracking of conflict and cooperation dynamics on transboundary rivers, provide mass of relevant data for the research of transboundary rivers in the globe, prepare a potent research toolkit, lay a solid foundation for further data mining research, and better suit the big data age. In order to test the effectiveness of the methodological framework and toolkit for dataset construction, this research analyses the word frequency and themes of the articles in datasets. The results show that the datasets built by this framework can reflect comprehensive themes of transboundary water conflict and cooperation. Through the analysis of media activity in different river basins, it is possible to get a global overview of the participation of countries located within and outside of the basin in transboundary water issues.
Phosphorus dynamics during early soil development in extreme environment
Authors: Frkova Zuzana , Pistocchi Chiara , Vystavna Yuliya , Capkova Katerina , Dolezal Jiri , Tamburini Federica
Published: July 2021

Abstract. At the early stages of pedogenesis, the dynamics of phosphorus (P) in soils are controlled by microbial communities, the physicochemical properties of the soil and the environmental conditions. While various microorganisms involved in carrying out biogeochemical processes have been identified, little is known about the actual contribution of microbial processes, such as organic P hydrolysis and microbial P turnover, to P cycling. We thus focused on processes driven by microbes and how they affect the size and cycling of organic and inorganic soil P pools along a soil chronosequence in the Chamser Kangri glacier forefield (Western Himalayas). The rapid retreat of the glacier allowed us to study the early stages of soil formation under cold arid climate. Biological P transformations were studied with the help of the isotopic composition of oxygen (O) in phosphate (δ18OP) coupled to sequential P fractionation performed on soil samples from four sites of different age spanning 0 to 100–150 years. The mineral P, i.e. 1M HCl-extractable P, represented still 95 % of the total P stock after approximately 100 years of soil development. Its isotopic composition was similar to the parent material also at the most developed site. Primary phosphate minerals, therefore, mostly composed this pool. The δ18OP of the available P and the P bound to Fe and Al oxides instead differed from that of the parent material, suggesting that these pools underwent biological turnover. The isotopic composition of O in of the available P was mostly controlled by the microbial P, suggesting fast exchanges occurred between these two pools possibly fostered by repeated freezing-thawing and drying-rewetting cycles. The release of P from organic P become increasingly important with soil age, constituting one third of the P flux to available P at the oldest site. Accordingly, the lighter isotopic composition of the P bound to Fe and Al oxides at the oldest site indicated that this pool contained phosphate released by organic P mineralization. Compared to previous studies on early pedogenesis under alpine or cold climate, our findings suggest a much slower decrease of the P-bearing primary minerals during the first 100 years of soil development under extreme condition. However, they provide evidence that, by driving short-term P dynamics, microbes play an important role in controlling the redistribution of primary P into inorganic and organic soil P pools.
Water Pollution and Environmental Injustices in Bangladesh
Authors: Faroque Sarker , South Nigel
Published: July 2021

Water is an essential element for human life but is being wasted and made unsafe due to anthropogenic activities and pollution. In Bangladesh, both surface water and groundwater are being polluted due to the rapid growth of urbanisation and industrialisation, and most importantly, arsenic contamination and industrial waste are affecting the potability of this natural resource. Bangladesh is a highly polluted country that faces a scarcity of clean water, despite having an abundance of water sources. This article presents a range of examples of existing environmental pollution in Bangladesh before focusing on water pollution and its causes and consequences. In addition, this article discusses how inefficient water management and poor law enforcement have failed to ensure environmental justice for the citizens of Bangladesh. Finally, this article concludes with observations about some ways forward to ensure water justice, enable access to clean water for all and achieve sustainable development in Bangladesh.
The Alexievich method
Authors: Tumarkin Maria
Published: July 2021

Belarusian writer Svetlana Alexievich is undoubtedly a giant of testimonial literature,

except ‘testimonial literature’ is not quite the right term to account for what Alexievich

does. No term is quite right in fact. People’s history? Collective history? Collective

novel? Documentary prose? Novel-oratorio? Novel-evidence? Living document? In

this paper I will explore Alexievich’s method with a particular focus on the way she

writes about individual and collective trauma. What are some of the ramifications of her

singular, unclassifiable approach to the ongoing conversations about writing trauma?
‘a separate world, a small and enclosed universe’: Phobic de/construction of space in Joan Barfoot’s Dancing in the Dark to circumscribe trauma
Authors: Schaub Danielle
Published: July 2021

In his 1962 philosophical study _L’espace humai_n, George Matoré claims that to

overcome chaos, human beings control their lives by determining their position, others’

and that of objects around them; thus they escape the absurdity of life and secure an

anchor for themselves by exploiting spatial language (Matoré 1962: 13-28). This

certainly applies to the extreme in the case of Edna Cormick, the protagonist of Joan

Barfoot’s Dancing in the Dark, whose childhood cumulative trauma and subsequent

social trauma lead to a psychotic apprehension of life favouring spatial seclusion. The

novel consists of the diary entries she writes in psychiatric internment after murdering

her husband; in them she maps her past and present lives in spatially reductionist terms

that prove her self-erasure and inability to function in a wide frame. Illustrating her

psychopathological response to trauma, the imagery, diction, and style that capture

Edna’s behaviour, attitudes and thoughts highlight psychoanalytical theories, such as

those of Dana Amir (2014), Michael Balint (1968), Ester Bick (1968 and 1986),

Wilfred R. Bion (1959) and Judith Mitrani. Eventually, the readers end up debating her

ability to build a bridge for posttraumatic growth.
Grounding the ‘auto-intoxicated’ Romantic poet: A socio-material theory of poetic praxis
Authors: Takolander Maria
Published: July 2021

This paper engages with the archetype of the ‘auto-intoxicated’ lyrical poet (Moffitt 2005:

1. 34) associated with the Romantic tradition. The archetype is of interest because it continues

to inform theories of creativity, including in the discipline of psychology, where studies

examine character traits or cognitive processes as if creativity resides in distinctive patterns

of thinking alone. It is also present in creative-writing classrooms that insist on their role

in cultivating an innate talent and unique voice. Following a socio-material approach to

creativity, this paper argues that creativity must be understood in a broader context that

extends beyond the paradigm of the special individual. This necessitates considering both

the creative practitioner’s embodiment within a social or institutional network and also the

affordances and constraints of creative materials, which are themselves enacted within

social and cultural frameworks. This paper focuses on the generative agency of materials

or media when it comes to poiesis. The goal is to provide a more rigorous understanding

of poetic creativity and to lay the foundation for a way of teaching poetry that better serves

contemporary apprentices in the craft, particularly in a time of medial change.
PELAYANAN PASTORAL BAGI ANAK-ANAK BURUH
Authors: Suripatty Legia
Published: July 2021

Problematika buruh di Indonesia memang sangat kompleks. Tetapi ini tidak berarti bahwa hal ini didiamkan saja atau “let it go with the wind”.Sebagai anak bangsa kita harus meberikan perhatian khusus terhadap hal ini secara khusus kepada nasib anak-anak para buruh. Jika kita hanya berharap kepada satu instansi saja dalam penanganan anak-anak para buruh, maka di waktu yang akan datang Indonesia akan menjadi negara “peng-eksport” tenaga buruh terbesar dan itu adalah buruh anak. Karena itu gereja sebagai lembaga spiritual yang memiliki pengaruh besar harus mengambil peran dalam upaya mencegah perlakuan yang tidak layak terhadap anak-anak para buruh. Tulisan ini masih sangat sederhana dan perlu dikaji secara ilmiah lagi secara khusus model pendekatan karena model pendekatan biasanya tergantung konteks dimana para buruh berada. Tulisan ini hanyalah langkah awal untuk menstimulir semua mereka yang merasa diri terpanggil sebagai pelayan Tuhan utnuk memikirkan pelayanan secara holistik atau memikirkan dan memberikan sumbangsih bagi pelayanan pastoral holistik.Konsep bentuk pelayanan pastoral ini masih perlu masukan lagi demi keefektifan pelayanan pastoral kepada anak-anak para buruh. Serta bagaimana cara pemberdayaan anak-anak para buruh yang maksimal untuk  mencegah kegiatan buruh anak. Anak adalah generasi penerus bangsa termasuk anak para buruh.Mereka berhak untuk mendapat perlakuan dan pelayanan pastoral bahkan mereka juga berhak untuk menjadi agen perubahan di bangsa ini.
PERSONAL EVANGELISATION METHOD (PEM) SEBAGAI POLA PENDEKATAN PEKABARAN INJIL DALAM KONTEKS PLURALISME
Authors: Pardede Rio Janto
Published: July 2021

Pemahaman akan agama yang pluralis seringkali menjadi penghalang dalam penyajian Injil, karena pemahaman pluralisme berpikir bahwa semua agama sama saja, cuma caranya yang berbeda-beda. Para hamba Tuhan atau orang yang sedang menyajikan Injil dalam konteks pluralisme tersebut sering sekali kehabisan kata atau akal untuk memberikan penjelasan. Padahal peberitaan Injil tersebut harus tuntas dan clear. Pekabaran Injil merupakan tugas dan kewajiban orang-orang yang sudah mengaku menerima Yesus Kristus sebagai Tuhan dan Juruselamat. Namun faktanya, sekarang tidak sedikit orang Kristen atau yang “mengaku” Kristen dan Gereja menghindar dari pelayanan Pemberitaan Injil dengan berbagai alasan, seperti: Pemberitaan Injil itu tugas hamba-hamba Tuhan, cara memberitakan Injil jarang diajarkan, bahkan takut jika terjadi penolakan dari orang yang sedang dilayani. Karena itulah, Personal Evangelisation Methode diharapkan dapat menolong orang percaya, baik hamba Tuhan, jemaat awam untuk memberitakan Injil sehingga tidak mengalami benturan ataupun penolakan dari orang yang sedang dilayani. Personal Evangelisation Methode dapat menolong dalam perkenalan, bahkan dalam penyajian Injil.
THE CURRENT SITUATION OF HEAVY METALS AND PLANT PROTECTION CHEMICALS IN CHEESE IN HO CHI MINH CITY 2020
Authors: Nguyễn Văn Chuyên , Đinh Thị Diệu Hằng , Trần Văn Kha
Published: July 2021

Objectives: To determine the level of contamination of heavy metals and plant protection chemicals in cheese in Ho Chi Minh City, 2020. Subjects and methods: Select 60 most popular commercial cheese products in the study area (based on data reported by the City Food Safety Bureau). In which, 30 domestic products and 30 imported products. Evaluate the contamination level of some chemical parameters. Results and Conclusion: Lead concentration was 0.011 ± 0.007 mg / kg, arsenic concentration was 0.237 ± 0.181 mg / kg, cadmium concentration is 0.481 ± 0.371 mg / kg, Mercury concentration is 0.017 ± 0.018 mg / kg for domestic products. Lead concentration was 0.005 ± 0.007 mg / kg, Arsenic concentration was 0.099 ± 0.14 mg / kg, Cadmium concentration was 0.380 ± 0.358 mg / kg, Mercury concentration is 0.019 ± 0.018 mg / kg for the imported product. Lead concentration exceeded the permitted limit in 2/30 domestic product samples and 1/30 imported samples. Arsenic concentration exceeded the permitted limit in 1/30 of the domestic product sample. Cadmium concentration exceeded the permitted limit in 2/30 domestic product samples. Mercury concentration did not exceed the limit on all tested samples. Carbaryl concentration in domestic product samples was 25.52 ± 16.17 μg / kg, in imported product samples was 12.67 ± 14.26 μg / kg; Endosulfan concentration in domestic product samples was 4,301 ± 2,878 μg / kg, in imported products was 3.18 ± 3.40 μg / kg; Aldrin and Dieldrin concentrations in domestic product samples were

3.47 ± 2.07, in imported products was 1.94 ± 2.13 μg / kg. No sample contains plant protection chemical with concentration exceeded allowed limit for both domestic and imported products.
CURRENT STATE TO THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES AT HOSPITAL OF VINH YEN CITY
Authors: Nguyễn Hữu Thắng , Nguyễn Thị Bích Hải , Nguyễn Thị Thu Hà
Published: July 2021

A cross-sectional study was conducted by using the Asian Diabetes Patients questionnaire (AsianDQOL) aims to describe the quality of life of 357 357 outpatient patients with type 2 diabetes at Vinh Yen City Medical Center, Vinh Phuc in 2018. Results: On a scale of 100, the general QOL score was 62.79±7.69, the highest score was financial sector (82.02±12.2), next was mental health (81.3±21.13), diet (55,73±10,23) and physical health (45,75±23,64), the lowest score was personal relationships (31,26±12,25). Ranking the QOL status of the patients, we have: 1 st was upper-intermediate, 2 nd was low intermediate and pre-advance, the last was poor grade.
: KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICALNURSER IN ROUTINE HAND WASHING OF NURSES AT THAI BINH CHILDREN’SHOSPITAL IN 2020
Authors: Phúc Trần Thái , Hảo Tăng Thị
Published: July 2021

Objective: Evaluate knowledge, attitude and routine practice of hand washing of nurses in clinical departments of Thai Binh Children's Hospital in 2020. Method: The study subjects are 174 nurses working in clinical departments; Design a descriptive cross-sectional study, interview nurses to assess knowledge and observe to evaluate nurses' routine hand washing practices. Results: The percentage of nurses with general knowledge of routine hand washing is 87.4%. The rate of nurses who correctly answered the question about the sequence of steps of the routine hand washing process is 87.9%. The percentage of nurses with a positive general attitude about routine hand washing accounts for 88.5%. The rate of nurses with general practice of washing hands is 92.0%. The majority of nurses who practice 6 steps of the routine hand washing process account for the highest percentage at the correct level of 75% (ranging from 76.4% to 80.5%), level of not doing accounts for the lowest percentage (ranging from 0.6% to 1.2%). Conclusions: The proportion of nurses with common knowledge, practice and positive attitude about routine hand washing is quite high. However, there are still a small number of nurses whose knowledge, practice, and attitude are not yet positive that need to be improved to further improve.
SITUATION USING CARBAPENEM
Authors: Phu Le Minh , Mai Do Van , Thai Hoang Duc , Tri Bui Dang Minh
Published: July 2021

Objective: To survey the use of carbapenem antibiotics at An Sinh General Hospital. Subjects and methods: retrospective descriptive study on 100 medical records of patients being treated in departments of An Sinh General Hospital from June 1st, 2020 to December 31st, 2020. Results: The carbapenem antibiotic used at An Sinh General Hospital mainly indicated for the treatment of pneumonia accounted for the highest percentage with 53.3%. There were 100% of strains of Haemophilus influenzae; Rhizobium radiobacter; Proteus. cp; Streptococcus mitis, which was also sensitive to carbapenem. 100% strains of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteria was resistant to meropenem; 01 strain of Burkhorderia vietnamiensis was isolated against imipenem; 2 of 3 strains of Staphylococcus aereus isolated were resistant to meropenem. Carbapenem was mainly used in combination regimens. The proportion of the combination in the initial regimen was 100%. The rate of combination of 3 antibiotics was 22.7%. In the replaceable regimen, the combination rate was 82.2%. Conclusion: The carbapenem group was indicated for the treatment of pneumonia. Strains of the bacteria Haemophilus influenzae; Rhizobium radiobacter; Proteus. cp; Streptococcus mitis was also sensitive to carbapenem. Bacteria strains Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Burkhorderia vietnamiensis and Staphylococcus aereus were resistant to meropenem. Carbapenem was mainly used in combination regimens.
SITUATION OF HYPERTENSION IN PEOPLE FORM 25 AGO OR MORE IN THAI BINH PROVINCE, 2017
Authors: Binh Hoang Van , Quynh Tran Thi Nhu
Published: July 2021

A cross-sectional study was carried out in 2017, with the method of cluster sampling (PPS) to select30 communes/wards in 8 districts/cities in Thai Binh province. A total of 1450 adults from 25 ago ormore the results showed that:The prevalence rate of hypertension was 29.8%, of which men account for 36.5%, 22.0% higherthan that of women (p<0.05), mainly high blood pressure level 1 (42.3%), level 2 (35.4%) and level3 (22.3%).The rate of hypertension tends to increase gradually by age group, the group aged 70 and overaccounts for the highest proportion (36.4%), the age group 60-69 was 34.8%, the age group 40-59was 31.5% and the lowest of 25-39 age group (16.1%) (p<0.05).
CLINICAL AND SUBCLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SEVERE PREECLAMPSIA PATIENTS AT THAI BINH HOSPITAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
Authors: Hien Nguyen Van , Tuyet Nguyen Thi , Son Ninh Thai , Hung Le Xuan , Quang Nguyen Duy , Binh Tran Hai
Published: July 2021

Mục tiêu: Mô tả đặc điểm lâm sàng và cận lâm sàng của bệnh nhân tiền sản giật nặng tại Bệnh việnPhụ sản tỉnh Thái Bình năm 2019.Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang, hồi cứu trên 57 bệnh nhântiền sản giật nặng điều trị tại Bệnh viện Phụ sản Thái Bình năm 2019.Kết quả: Độ tuổi trung bình của đối tượng là 32,96 ± 5,78. Tỷ lệ đối tượng có triệu chứng đau đầuchiếm 52,6%; triệu chứng nhìn mờ và đau vùng gan chiếm tỷ lệ lần lượt là 5,3% và 3,5%. Huyết áptâm thu và huyết áp tâm trương lúc kết thúc thai nghén trung bình có giá trị lần lượt là 166,49 ± 11,88mmHg và 101,75 ± 6,85 mmHg. Tuổi thai trung bình lúc nhập viện là 35,71 ± 3,79 tuần và kết thúcthai nghén hoặc chuyển viện là 35,89±3,73 tuần. Tỷ lệ suy thai là 22,8% và tỷ lệ thai chậm phát triểntrong buồng tử cung là 52,6%.Kết luận: Từ kết quả nghiên cứu sẽ giúp các bác sĩ đưa ra hướng xử trí kịp thời để có kết quả tốtnhất cho thai phụ.
DRUG INTERACTIONS IN OUTPATIENT TREATMENT AT THOT NOT GENERAL HOSPITAL
Authors: Tu Nguyen Tran Cam , Hung Tran Do , Mai Do Van
Published: July 2021

Objective: Analyzing drug interactions in outpatient treatment at Thot Not District General Hospital in 2020.Subjects and methods: cross-sectional study on 400 prescriptions for insured patients with outpatient medical records at Thot Not general hospital from January 1st, 2020 to June 30th, 2020.Results: Five pairs of clinically significant drug interactions were recorded with the databases used in the study. The rate of prescription of drug interactions with clinical significance was 11%. The number of prescriptions with a drug interaction accounted for the highest proportion (10.8%) and only one prescription with two drug interactions detected (0.2%). The pair of drug interactions thatappeared with the most frequency were clopidogrel and proton pump inhibitors (34.1%), followed by interactions between aspirin and NSAIDs (25%), interactions between codeine and clopheniramin(20.4%). There was no relationship between the patient’s age and the ability of drug interactions (p> 0.05) but there was an association between the sex and the amount of drugs used in the prescriptionand the ability of drug interactions was statistically significant (p <0.05).Conclusion: The rate of prescription drug interactions with clinical significance was 11%. The pair of drug interactions that appeared with the most frequency were clopidogrel and proton pump inhibitors(34.1%). There was an association between the sex and the amount of drugs used in the prescription and the ability of drug interactions was statistically significant (p <0.05)
Islam and Environmental Ethics
Authors: Sayem Md. Abu
Published: July 2021

The present paper deals with Islamic moral teachings of the environment from a Qur’ānic perspective. It attempts to correlate some familiar Qur’ānic terms with human moral responsibility towards the natural world. The paper investigates whether the Islamic view of the natural world supports the anthropocentric and bio-centric approach to environmental ethics or not. In so doing, the paper aims to present an Islamic balancing approach to the environment, show why such a unique approach is necessary to address the present environmental degradation, and how it can work for environmental sustainability.
Coffee was once Ḥarām?
Authors: Vahedi Massoud
Published: July 2021

This paper attempts to address many misconceptions regarding the coffee controversy, which engulfed the Muslim world in the tenth/sixteenth century. It argues that rather than there simply being an oppositional binary of scholars permitting or forbidding coffee, in fact, a number of other positions can actually be discerned in the legal debate, namely that of recommendation and disapproval. Furthermore, it argues that besides holding the balance of power insofar as being the majority position, jurists who deemed coffee to be a permissible substance resorted to a number of epistemically powerful indicators to refute the prohibitionists, such as experimentation and the testimony of numerous individuals that the drink did not intoxicate or bring about any adverse side effects. In addition, by referring to some important but oft-ignored conventions pertaining to fatwās, the author argues that not all scholars typically labeled as being prohibitionists of coffee may have deemed the drink to be forbidden. Instead, many of them simply based their answers exclusively on the information provided to them by the questioner, in accordance with the legal precept that “the jurisconsult is the prisoner of the questioner.” This paper is unique in its depth and comprehensiveness as it studies all the existing scholarly views on coffee. Furthermore, it provides a detailed study of the proceedings of the Meccan Assembly. Regarding the assembly, I argue that the attending jurists actually disagreed on the drink’s ruling and that the different forms of evidence provided by the prohibitionists are not persuasive from a legal viewpoint.
Evaluation of Danger Dissemination Activities for Non-Procedural Indonesian Migrant Workers to Students of SMA Negeri 2 Wonosobo
Authors: Akbar Fitriyanto Muhammad Taufiq , Wilonotomo Wilonotomo
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this outreach activity is to provide information about the practices of Indonesian Migrant Workers Non-Procedural which threaten the safety of prospective Indonesian Migrant Workers. Threats can arise mainly because of the illegal status of the migrant worker who does not obtain a job through the proper procedures stipulated in the applicable regulations. This illegal status makes these workers very vulnerable to improper treatment by employers and other parties because they know that the workers' existence is not protected by their country and is against the applicable law.
Analysis of Plant Seed Distribution Activities by Immigration Polytechnic Cadets in Car Free Day Activities in Tangerang
Authors: Shavirko Teuku Chrismon , Bawono Sri Kuncoro
Published: July 2021

The purpose of carrying out the activity of distributing plant seeds by the Immigration Polytechnic Cadets with the Class I Non TPI Tangerang Immigration Office in this car free day activity is a form of concern for the surrounding environment, especially the people of Tangerang City. The activity, which was carried out with the theme "Together to Know The Culture and Social Development of Community", was in the form of devotional work activities, distribution of plant seeds to the community, as well as the implementation of socialization related to immigration by the Class I Non TPI Tangerang Immigration Office and socialization related to Polytechnic. Immigration by Immigration Polytechnic Cadets. This activity is a form of social responsibility for the Immigration Polytechnic Cadets as new citizens of Tangerang City and their environment.
Implementation of Socialization on Prevention of Non-Procedural Indonesian Migrant Workers
Authors: Shofarudin Hanif , Indradi Andry
Published: July 2021

The objective of the Socialization of the Prevention of Non-Procedural Indonesian Migrant Workers (PMI-NP) is a preventive effort in the law enforcement process carried out by the Immigration agency through the activities of the Immigration Polytechnic cadets to reduce the number of Indonesian Non-procedural Migrant Workers in Indonesia. Preventive efforts are carried out in coordination with the Manpower Office in Pati District.The socialization of the prevention of Non-Procedural Indonesian Migrant Workers is carried out at the Indonesian Educational and Professional Development Institutions. The results of the implementation of these activities are expected that the public will have legal awareness of the process of becoming PMI procedurally, know the impact of the dangers of becoming PMI - NP, and provide legal certainty for PMI candidates so that they can become procedural PMIs so that it is safe to do work outside the territory of the Republic of Indonesia.