bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical Control Programming System for Mill-Turn Machining
Authors: She Chen Hua , Lin Jian Yu , Lin Shen Yung
Published: October 2015

To develop the numerical control program of mill-turn machine, the traditional method is to apply the computer-aided design and manufacture software to construct the geometric model, then to generate tool path and convert the path to NC program. For complex numerical control program of mill-turn machine, such as the multiple turret synchronized motion machining, because of the need to control time sequence, the NC program is highly required on using of dedicated software system. The objective of this paper is to establish a mill-turn machining system with window interface of via the language of Borland C++ Builder. The developed system can plan the machining path of simple mill-turn features, including turning shape, axial slot milling, and radial packet milling, and generate the corresponding NC program. For the milling functions, after the offset coordinates are calculated along the polygonal angle vector in the center point of cutters, the NC program is generated. For the turning functions, through importing the 2D DXF (Drawing Exchange Format) file and inputting related configurations, the entity coordinates can be retrieved and the corresponding NC program is then converted. By means of the solid cutting simulation software and practical cutting experiment for the generated numerical control program, the accuracy of the tool path generation algorithm is confirmed. Hence, the cost of purchasing commercial software can be saved and the time of generating program can also be decreased so that the working efficiency can be enhanced.
Development of Automatic Detection System for EGR Valve Position Sensor
Authors: Wang Cun Xian , Wei Shuo Shuo , Zhang Fan
Published: October 2015

As an effective way for controlling emission of nitrogen oxide, EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) has been widely used in automobiles. EVP (EGR valve position sensor) is a key component in EGR and functions as obtaining the accurate EGR valve opening position for governing the recirculation volume of exhaust gas. Its overall quality and working accuracy affect the performance of EGR directly and must be detected stringently before delivered from the factory. To solve the problems of labor intensity, low detecting efficiency, big deviation results with traditional EVP manual detection equipment in an automotive electronics company, an automatic detection system for EVP is developed based on PLC and industrial microcomputer. The working principle and structure of the system and design of EVP detection fixture are present, and hardware and software of its control system are developed in the paper. Three function modules, that are manual operation, automatic operation and data statistical analysis, are described in more detail. The practical application shows that the automatic detection system for EVP can achieve detection process flexibility, increase detection efficiency and accuracy greatly and solve the problems with traditional method effectively.
Study of Distributed Generation Units Impact on Pricing on the Wholesale Power Energy Market
Authors: Polyakov Ilya D. , Dmitriev Stepan A. , Chusovitin Pavel V.
Published: October 2015

This paper is devoted to the study of distributed generation units impact on pricing on the wholesale power energy market. The paper deals with results the analysis of the wholesale electricity market and power. This analysis is necessary for proper impact assessment of distributed generation units on a total optimization. Optimization calculations performed for the real power system, when distributed generation units operating the basic and peak modes, as well as the cost-effectiveness of this modes.
Synthesis and Characterization of Cobalt-Nickel Nanowires Formed under External Magnetic Field
Authors: Balela Mary Donnabelle , Dulin Lalaine M. , Garcia Erica A. , Tica M. Janelle H.
Published: October 2015

Cobalt-nickel (Co-Ni) nanowires were formed by electroless deposition in ethylene glycol under external magnetic field. The effects of initial Co (II) and Ni (II) concentration on the surface and morphology of the synthesized nanowires were investigated by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) respectively. An increase in the Co (II) concentration resulted in increase in diameter of the nanowires. However, the length of nanowires was observed to decrease. Higher Co (II) concentration resulted in a mixture of hexagonal close-packed and face-centered cubic Co-Ni nanowires. X-ray diffraction revealed that crystal growth occurred when the nanowires are annealed at 653 K for 10h.
Possibility of Four-Phase Grids Application in Russian Power System
Authors: Bliznyuk Dmitry I. , Khalyasmaa Alexandra I.
Published: October 2015

This paper is devoted to four-phase electrical grids of high and extra-high voltage, principles of its formation and its possible operation and maintenance in united power system of Russia. Development of new simulation model of four-phase power grid for further realization in software is under consideration. Special attention is given to compliance with present both technical and economical requirements of this model in Russian Federation. Economic analysis of four-phase power system applying is done by means of comparison of different kinds of transmission Ural – Siberia.
An Application Seven-Level Converter for VSC-HVDC Station System
Authors: Watanakul Narin
Published: October 2015

This paper presents an application of an asynchronous back to back VSC-HVDC system. Which uses multilevel converter a 7-level Diode-Clamped SPWM converters topology technique for the realization of HVDC system, rated 300MVA (±300 kV). The controller has been proposed by using PQ control and feed-forward decoupled current control algorithm. The design and experimentally controllers of VSC in lab scaled test, MATLAB/Simulink program were performed VSC-HVDC transmission system, the simulation in order to evaluate transient performance, can be controlled independently under two phase to ground faulted and three phase to ground faulted conditions. The system are used as a guideline for analysing and design of the data process control with the PQ-control HVDC system.
A Simulation-Based Framework for Distribution Service Restoration
Authors: Kaisaard Santi , Hung Nguyen Duy
Published: October 2015

Service restoration in a distribution power system aims at finding a series of switching operations - a restoration plan, that restores power given an occurrence of a fault, considering multiple objectives and constraints. In this research, we first elaborate that many of common objectives and constraints depend on plan’s physical properties that can be obtained efficiently by simulating the plan, using simulation software like DIgSILENT PowerFactory. However other objectives/constraints cannot be computed by physical simulation because they depend on non-physical and/or non-functional properties not intrinsic to the plan, such as the power company's policies and the market information. From this observation, we propose a framework for distribution service power restoration integrating multiple knowledge sources: heuristics representing the expertise of experienced operators are used to construct possible plans, DIgSILENT PowerFactory computes plan’s physical properties, while non-physical properties are provided by relevant knowledge bases. To demonstrate the appropriateness of the framework, we developed a proof-of-concept implementation.
Simulation of Green and Clean Electrical Power Generation of a 500 Ton per Day Waste Incineration Plant with High Moisture Content and Low Heating Value
Authors: Kerdsuwan Somrat , Laohalidanond Krongkaew
Published: October 2015

With the increasing amount of waste together with the high development of the country, the high amount of waste needed to be treated properly in order to lower the impact to the environment. Waste to Energy through incineration is considered as the appropriated technology to convert green and clean energy from discard matters, especially for the waste that has the mixing composition and has not segregate its composition in the developing country. Therefore, it is essential to simulate its combustion process to see how much of electrical power that can be generated and purpose the appropriated technic in order to improve its efficiency. This research deals with the process simulation of using incineration technology with high moisture content and low heating value in developing country. The simulation of 500 ton per day incineration technology was conducted by the unit operation in Aspen Plus® program in order to forecast the capacity of electricity production and the contaminants in flue gas emission. It was found that, even high moisture content and low heating value of waste, incineration can be one of the solutions to dispose waste properly and can recover green and clean energy in the form of electricity ranging from 3.78-6.29 MWe depending on waste’s quality. This green and clean energy recovery from waste could be used to reduce the using of fossil fuel in order to mitigate the emission of the greenhouse gas to atmosphere.
Robust Stability Analysis of DC-DC Buck Converter Circuit Using Gerschgorin Theorem
Authors: Hote Yogesh V.
Published: October 2015

Robust control analysis using Gerschgorin theorem is an important tool for the research of linear uncertain system which is expressed in state space form. The main purpose of this paper is to show how this technique can be applied for robust stability analysis of dc-dc converters. In this paper, robust stability analysis of dc-dc Buck converter is presented using Y. T. Juang and C. S. Shao criterion. This criterion is based on Gerschgorin theorem and similarity transformation.
Experimental Verification and Performance Analysis of Permanent Magnet Wind Turbine Generators Considering Magnetic Losses
Authors: Jung Kyoung Hun , Choi Jang Young
Published: October 2015

This paper deals with experimental verification and performance analysis of permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) for wind power generation considering magnetic losses using d-q axis model. The d-q voltage equation of the PMSG is derived. The equations for losses such as copper loss, core loss and mechanical loss are also derived. Finally, by implementing dynamic simulation block diagram for the prediction of generating performance considering losses using MATLAB/SIMULINK, the generating performances of the PMSG are predicted under various speeds and loads. The predicted results are validated extensively by finite element (FE) analyses and measurements.
Compressive Behaviour of Low Density Polymeric Syntactic Foams
Authors: Salleh Zulzamri , Islam Md. Mainul , Epaarachchi Jayantha Ananda
Published: October 2015

The combinations of polymer resin and glass microballoon are the main materials used to produce syntactic foams. Syntactic foam is a lightweight material that has good mechanical properties and is commonly used as a component for structural materials in civil construction, aerospace and marine applications. Hence, it should have suitable mechanical properties, particularly good compression behaviour. In the present study, the results obtained from compression tests are compressive strength, elastic modulus and specific compression that decrease when increasing of glass microballoon contents (2.0 wt.%, 4.0 wt.%, 6.0 wt.%, 8.0 wt.% and 10.0 wt.%) and also neat resin. The highest strength value for compression testing is owned by 2.0 wt.% which is 88.9 MPa, while the lowest strength is 43 MPa that belongs to 10.0 wt.% of glass microballoon. This shows that the density and weight percentage of glass microballoon in these syntactic foams affect compression properties. Therefore, a further study should be conducted, which includes the effect of compressive failure mechanism.
The Application of Microwave Ceramic in Filter-Antenna Module for WLAN System
Authors: Chen Yih Chien , Syu Ruei Yang , Li Chih Hung
Published: October 2015

In this paper, the simulation and measurement results of a filter-antenna module for application in WLAN band are presented. The filter-antenna module is fabricated on microwave ceramic substrate. The filter-antenna module is consisted of a monopole antenna, two U-shaped microstrip half wavelength resonators, and a tapped open stub. The proposed filter-antenna module has good agreement between the measurement and the simulation results. At center frequency, electromagnetic coupling between two half-wavelength resonators and inverted-L shaped microstrip feed line occurs and contributes the radiation. At the harmonic frequency, the currents are mainly distributed around the tapped open stub. The proposed filter-antenna module has a 10 dB return loss with bandwidth 290 MHz (2,337 - 2,627 MHz), covering the WLAN band.
Do Free Flow of 11 Logistics Services Provider Positive Impact to Overall Equipment Efficiency in Beverage Industrial Sector in Thailand
Authors: Bootdachi Jarun , Khawchaimaha Siriraks
Published: October 2015

Originally, this paper investigates the impact from free flow of 11 logistics services provider to overall equipment efficiency: OEE in beverage industrial sector in Thailand. Then, the analysis process had used factor analysis to construct factors of free flow of 11 logistics services provider and OEE; in addition, multiple regression analysis had been taken to test the impact from free flow of 11 logistics services provider to OEE. Next, the result of 78 firms show that free flow of 11 logistics services provider can be explained by one factor; OEE can be explained by two factors. Following, the study finding is free flow of 11 logistics services provider positive impact to OEE, and highly relates Availability and Performance Efficiency more than Quality Efficiency.
An Approach to Optimum Route and Site Selection of a Steam Gathering System for Geothermal Power Plants Using Multiple Weight Distance Transform
Authors: Jonsson Magnus Thor
Published: October 2015

This article proposes a new approach to select the location for separators and routes for two phase flow pipelines in a geothermal steam gathering system. Multiple weight distance transform is presented and used to find the optimum location of site for a steam separator based on the flow capacity of geothermal wells. The routes are monotonic and the incline is slight in order to minimize the pressure drop and the slug flow conditions in the pipeline. A map with weighted distance for five wells shows the accessible area and the route from each well is calculated. The optimum site location reduces the total pipe length from all wells by 9%.
An Overbooking Model for Air Cargo Industry under Stochastic Booking Request and Show-Up Rate
Authors: Wannakrairot Anupong , Phumchusri Naragain
Published: October 2015

Overbooking is a technique which sells goods or services in excess of the available capacity because there is a possibility that some customers might not show up. In air cargo overbooking problem, overbooking model is more complex because of the two-dimensional characteristic. This paper presents a two-dimensional air cargo overbooking model to find the optimal overbooking level in order to minimize the total cost, which consists of spoilage and offloading costs. Booking requests and show-up rate are random variables with known distributions. Sensitivity analysis is used to observe the impact of the ratio between spoilage and offloading costs on the optimal overbooking level.
A Productivity Improvement of a Cookware Assembly Line
Authors: Niamsawan Jongrak , Prombanpong Suksan
Published: October 2015

This research objective is to improve the productivity of cookware assembly line by means of time and distance reductions. The motion study and line balancing techniques were applied to the entire assembly operations. A bottle neck was identified to where the operation with inadequate machine layout and workplace organization, including the unbalanced workloads. The new workplace layout and new working method for operators were designed and implemented as well as balancing the assembly line. Specifically, the conveyor speed and duration between the consecutive workpieces in the production line were adjusted to 0.10 m/s and 50 cm, respectively. The number of operators needed in the process can be reduced from 14 persons to 11 persons. The cycle time for assembling process is decreased from 12 to 5 second.
Performance Improvement Using Simulation and Line Balancing; Application in Departure Terminal at Airport
Authors: Novrisal Dimas , Hamani N. , Elmhamedi A. , Soemardi Tresna P.
Published: October 2015

Evaluation of service at the airport is important for the passenger satisfaction. Based on the evaluation results, the management of the airport can decide what can be done to improve the system. In this research, we have evaluated and improved the performance of the departure terminal system at Soekarno-Hatta International Airport using simulation and line balancing methods. There are several steps in the research: evaluating the performance of existing system using simulation method: optimizing the system using line balancing and simulation methods: and analysing the results of the optimization process. The results show that the performance of the optimization process can decrease passenger processing and waiting time. We conclude that line balancing and simulation methods can be utilized to optimize the system of the departure terminal at the airport.
Using Taguchi Method to Optimize the Performance of Flexible Manufacturing Systems: An Empirical Model
Authors: Chang Guanghsu A. , Peterson William R.
Published: October 2015

Increasing global competition, shrinking product life cycles, and increasing product mix are defining a new manufacturing environment in world markets. This paper presents a case problem using Taguchi Method to find optimum design parameters for a Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS). A L8 array, signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio and analysis of variance (ANOVA) are employed to study performance characteristics of selected manufacturing system design parameters (e.g. layout, AGVs, buffers, and routings) with consideration of product mix demand. Various design and performance parameters are evaluated and compared for the original and the improved FMS. The results obtained by this method may be useful to other researchers for similar types of applications.
Research on the CAPP System Based on Case Retrieval
Authors: Wang Bing Qiang , Xing Jian Guo , Wang Xu
Published: October 2015

Take the rotary parts as sample to take on the technical research of CAPP system based on case retrieval. Building the case base based on the cases which already exists: Set up the rules about the parts expression and input and make retrieval algorithm of similar part. By the favorable man-machine interface, the similar parts can be retrieved from the case according to the target part’s feature. When there are no entries in the directory case base that match your search case, some correction will be made to the case base to meet the need of the users.
The Energy-Saving and Carbon Emission Analysis of Solar-Assisted Air Source Heat Pump System for Hot Water Supply
Authors: Yu Yuan , Yu Ke Zhi , Zhang Hai
Published: October 2015

The innovation of solar water heating system of students living community in Shanghai Ocean University is illustrated in this paper. A new water heating system including solar, air source heat pumps and gas boiler is established owing to the high energy consumption of original system. The comprehensive energy consumption, carbon emission and operating cost comparison between the original and new system is analysed based on the measured water, power and natural gas consumption. The results show that the comprehensive energy consumption is reduced by about 27.5%, the carbon commission decreased by 6%, and the operating costs reduced by approximately 23.6%, which means the new hot water system is successful.
Project Analysis of the Rubber Purchasing Center in Chiang Rai
Authors: Areetrakul Prapawarin , Wongchai Anupong
Published: October 2015

The farmers growing Para rubber in Chiang Rai, northern Thailand, have faced many problems derived from depreciation from middle-men and there are insufficient places offering a reasonable price to them. The purposes are (1) to study a location for a rubber purchasing center in Chiang Rai, (2) to analyze profitability from an investment in the rubber purchasing center, and (3) to study the externality of the projects impact on the environment. This study is based on 10-year secondary data (2003-2013) derived from the Office of the Rubber Replanting Aid Fund. The result of the study found that the rubber purchasing center should be located in Tung Kor Sub-District, Chiang Rung District, Chiang Rai Province. A financial analysis illustrates that Net Present Value of the project is equal to positive 34.72 that means net profit is more than net cost or it is appropriate to invest in the project. Interest Rate of Return is equal to 26% which is higher that discount rate, therefore, this project is an interesting investment. Payback period is equal to 4.24 meaning this project will meet a breakeven point within 4 years 2 months and 27 days. Also, break-even point in quantity is equal to 1.12 which means this project needs sale volume of 1.12 million units to meet the breakeven point. The environmental impacts shows both positive and negative externality that more concern has put on water, air, and noise pollution derived from a production process of the project.
A New Cutter Selecting Method Based on Ontology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing
Authors: Zhou Guang Hui , Yang Xiang , Xiao Zhong Dong
Published: October 2015

Cutter selecting is a key point in the machining process, and also is an important way to improve the green degree of the cutting process. The conventional expert systems have been unable to meet the requirements of modern green manufacturing. A knowledge description method based on ontology has been adopted in this paper in order to express the complexity and diversity of the cutter selecting knowledge better. A low carbon manufacturing model is constructed to evaluate the selecting scheme reasonably. The results show the presented method not only improves the efficiency and correctness of cutter selecting, but also ensures the practicality of selecting results.
Accelerated Aging Cycle of Composite Reinforced High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Roofing Panel
Authors: Ahmad Mansur , Mohd Ayob Nurul Atiqah , Mohd Khairuddin Nurul Nadia
Published: October 2015

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of accelerated aging cycle (AAC) on water absorption of the composites. The HDPE composite was subjected to a series of six ageing cycles at an elevated temperature. The cycle consist of immersion in water at (49 ± 2°C), explosion to steam and water vapor (93 ± 2°C), stored in freezer (-12 ± 2°C), and heated in oven (99 ± 2°C). It took approximately twelve days to complete this aging cycle. The effect and the changes of water absorption for both control and after accelerated aging were observed and determined. The results showed that water absorption was significant as the greater the fibre percentage, the higher the water absorption. This behavior occurs for both conditions. There were significant differences in the percentage of the water absorption for both control and accelerated aging cycle.
Morphology and Thermal Stability of Metastable Precipitates Formed in an Al-Mg Alloy Aged at 373K and 473K
Authors: Fukui Koichiro , Watanabe Ryota , Takeda Mahoto
Published: October 2015

The present work has investigated precipitation behavior in an Al-17at%Mg alloy isothermally aged at 373K and 473K, by means of Vickers micro-hardness tests, DSC measurements and TEM observations. The present DSC measurements have revealed that the metastable β′-phase precipitates mainly contributed to precipitation hardening of this alloy in isothermal aging at 373K and 473K. The TEM observations have confirmed that the β ' phase precipitates were formed in the {001} planes of Al matrices in platelet shapes.
Corrosion Behavior of Copper-Nickel Alloy in Marine Environment (Review Paper)
Authors: Taher Abulmaali M.Y.
Published: October 2015

Copper-nickel alloys have been used in many applications in marine environments because of excellent corrosion and biofouling resistance. . This investigation is cover a review of many previous studies about the behavior of these alloys in marine environments with different environmental conditions including the effect of sulphur contamination, the effect of CO2, the effect of chlorine, the effect of flow velocity, the effect of temperature and the effect of adding some alloying elements to the alloy itself. There have been conflicting results in the past about the corrosion rate values and the chemical analysis of the corrosion films in different environmental conditions. More research is needed for studying the behavior of these alloys in marine environments to provide good assessment of the corrosion resisting characteristics.
Extracting Specific Cutting Force Coefficients in Micro Drilling with Tool Edge Radius Effects
Authors: Anand Ravi Shankar , Patra Karali
Published: October 2015

This article introduces a methodology for extracting specific cutting force coefficients by performing micro drilling experiments with tool edge radius effect.Tool edge radius mainly affects the effective rake angle that varies according to undeformed chip thickness. Ploughing effect is also considered for undeformed chip thickness lower than the minimum chip thickness. In this work specific normal and frictional cutting coefficients for both ploughing and shearing are determined from mechanistic approach of fitting experimental specific thrust forces of the micro drilling process. The variations of these cutting coefficients with respect to cutting speedand feed are presented. Finally these coefficients have been applied to the mechanistic model to predict thrust force in micro drilling. The predicted thrust force values at different feed show good agreement with the experimental results.
Intensification of Compaction and Hardening of Iron Powder Parts and Powder Steels at the Stage of Cold Molding before Sintering
Authors: Dmitriev Aleksander Mihailovich , Korobova Natalia Vasilievna , Grechnikov Fedor Vasilievich
Published: October 2015

The article presents experimental-based mathematical models for density, hardness and tensile strength of workpieces of iron-based powders, manufactured by molding with subsequent sintering. The experiment examines the powders of six brands, Russian and foreign. The diagrams show changes of the investigated values depending on brands of powders and pressures of molding compression. The impact of compaction schemes implementing significant shears between the compacted particles is estimated.
Intelligent Prediction of Tool Wear in Ball-End Milling Process Based on Dimensionless Cutting Force Ratio
Authors: Tangjitsitcharoen Somkiat , Jatinandana Thanathip , Senjuntichai Angsumalin
Published: October 2015

This research proposed an in-process tool wear prediction during the ball-end milling process by utilizing the cutting force ratio. The dimensionless cutting force ratio is proposed to cut off the effects of the work material and the combination of cutting conditions. The in-process tool wear prediction model is developed by employing the exponential function, which consists of the spindle speed, the feed rate, the depth of cut, the tool diameter, and the cutting force ratio. The experimentally obtained results showed that the cutting force ratio can be utilized to predict the tool wear of ball-end milling tool. The new cutting tests have been employed to verify the model and the results run satisfaction. It has been proved that the in-process tool wear prediction model can be used to predict the tool wear regardless of the cutting conditions with the highly acceptable prediction accuracy.
A Novel Dovetail Joining Method for Planar Panels with Non-Orthogonal Cut Surfaces
Authors: Reis Martin , Schmiedhofer Heinz , Flöry Simon , Rist Florian , Suter Georg
Published: October 2015

The development of complex component assemblies from non-orthogonally oriented panels is laborious with currently available methods. The reason for this is the lack of integrated solutions in planning, fabrication and assembly. Thus, applications in architectural design are mostly restricted to geometrically simple, orthogonal shapes. We present a novel dovetail joining method that aims at facilitating the realization of polyhedral structures. Dovetail elements as well as panels may be fabricated using CNC water jet cutting technology. Compared with conventional processes, the presented method adopts the potential of industrial fabrication strategies and by that increases the reliability of respective processes while decreasing cost synchronously.
Ion Nitriding of Gears with Hollow Cathode Effect
Authors: Budilov Vladimir Vasilyevich , Ramazanov Kamil Nurullaevich , Khusainov Yuldash Gamirovich , Zolotov Ilya Vladimirovich
Published: October 2015

The computer model that allows predicting the temperature distribution during local ion nitriding with hollow cathode effect (HCE) and depth of the diffusion zone after the treatment was developed. The influence of the HCE on the temperature distribution for the gear was studied. Investigation results of the hollow cathode effect influence on the hardened layer depth for a sample of 38KhMYuA steel are presented.
A Study of Relation between Roundness and Cutting Force in CNC Turning Process
Authors: Chanthana Deuanphan , Tangjitsitcharoen Somkiat
Published: October 2015

The roundness is one of the most important criteria to accept the mechanical parts in the CNC turning process. The relations of the roundness, the cutting conditions and the cutting forces in CNC turning is hence studied in this research. The dynamometer is installed on the turret of the CNC turning machine to measure the in-process cutting force signals. The cutting parameters are investigated to analyze the effects of them on the roundness which are the cutting speed, the feed rate, the depth of cut, the tool nose radius and the rake angle. The experimentally obtained results showed that the better roundness is obtained with an increase in cutting speed, tool nose radius and rake angle. The relation between the cutting parameters and the roundness can be explained by the in-process cutting forces. It is understood that the roundness can be monitored by using the in-process cutting forces.
Adsorption Studies of Citrus maxima (Pomelo) Fruit Peels in the Removal of Lead (II) from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Magdaluyo Eduardo R. , Baltazar Mark Gilbert B.
Published: October 2015

The ability of Citrus maxima or pomelo fruit peels for the removal of lead (II) ions in water was investigated. The influence of the different parameters such as pH, adsorption time, initial adsorbate concentration and adsorbent dosage in the adsorption characteristics was evaluated following the factorial design of experiment. Infrared spectral analyses of the adsorbent revealed the presence of hydroxyl and carboxyl bands in the structural backbone. Presence of plate-like and non-uniformity surface morphology can also be observed. Lead favors neutral to weakly basic conditions to achieve high percent removal. Lead adsorption studies in Citrus maxima followed the Temkin isotherm.
Application of Evolution Algorithms to Aluminium Alloy Casting Porosity Prediction Function
Authors: Gaviphatt Natnapat , Chongstitvatana Prabhas , Puncreobutr Chedtha
Published: October 2015

Porosity is a major problem occurring in aluminium alloy casting. During the process of solidification, alloy would shrink and emit dissolving hydrogen causing porosity formation inside the solidified part which leads to mechanical properties degradation. This research aims to produce a formula to explain the resulting porosity with the initial chemical compositions and cooling rate. A mathematic model is, at first, inferred from previous researches to be a template function. Differential Evolution is utilized to generate inner polynomial parts and to find appropriate coefficients to experimental data obtained from other publications. The optimized function promisingly shows good fit to the problem domain demonstrating that the resulting function is an efficient model to explain porosity formation behaviour.
Optimization of EDM Process with Magnetic Field Using Grey Relational Analysis Coupled with Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Anand G. , Manzoor Hussain Mohammed , Satyanarayana S.
Published: October 2015

This paper investigates optimized design of Electro Discharge Machining process parameters on HCHCr i.e. DIN 17350-1.2080 Die steel. This process is one of the most widely applied non-traditional machining processes. To determine the optimal EDM conditions in several industrial fields. Taguchi method has been utilized to optimize only a single performance characteristic. To overcome this limitation, the Grey Relational Analysis theory has been used to determine grey relational grade as performance index to determine the optimal combination of the parameters such as peak current (I), pulse duration (Ton), voltage (V) to evaluate multiple performance characteristic such as metal removal rate and surface roughness simultaneously. Moreover, the Principal Component Analysis is applied to evaluate the weighting values corresponding to metal removal rate and surface roughness performance characteristics so that their relative importance can be properly defined. The analysis reveal that Grey Relational Analysis coupled with Principal Component Analysis can effectively be used to obtain the optimal combination of EDM process parameters. The obtained optimal machining conditions were Peak current at 15A, pulse on time at 250μs, Voltage at 85V. It is also observed that magnetic field in spark zone have improved metal removed rate and surface finish.
A Feasibility Study of Roll to Roll Printing on Graphene
Authors: Hassan S. , Yusof Mohd Sallehuddin , Maksud M.I. , Nodin M.N. , Rejab Noor Azlina
Published: October 2015

Roll to roll process is one of the famous printing techniques that are possible to create graphic and electronic device on variable substrate by using conductive ink. Graphene is an example of material that can be used as printing ink which usually used in producing micro-scale electronic devices. Here, it is proposed that extending roll to roll printing technique into the multiple micro-scale printing fine solid line onto substrate by using graphene as a printing ink. Flexography is a high speed roll to roll printing technique commonly used in paper printing industry. And this study elaborates the feasibility of graphene as a printing ink use in combination of flexography and micro-contact or micro-flexo printing for micro fine solid line. This paper will illustrates the review of graphene in producing multiple micro-solid lines printing capability for the application of printing electronic, graphic and bio-medical.
Effects of Polishing Direction on the Adhesion Behaviour of Thermal Oxide Scales on AISI 441 Stainless Steel Measured by a Tensile Test
Authors: Nilsonthi Thanasak
Published: October 2015

The tensile test operating in a SEM chamber was applied to investigate the adhesion behaviour of the oxide scale on AISI 441 stainless steel used as interconnect in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). The samples were prepared by aligning the final polishing directions parallel and perpendicular to the tensile loading. The samples were oxidised in water vapour and synthetic air at 800 °C. Changing the final polishing direction from parallel toperpendicular to the loading direction caused the spallation ratio to be increased and reduced the strain initiating the first spallation. Adhesion energiesof scales on the studied samples were in the range of 159-384J.m–2.
Producing of Tix-Aly Intermetallic Coatings on the Surface of Pre-Nitriding Punching Tools
Authors: Vardanyan E.L. , Budilov V.V. , Yagafarov I.I. , Ramazanov K.N.
Published: October 2015

The problem of punching tools resistance increasing is investigated. Methods for intermetallic coatings synthesis are investigated. Mathematical model of vacuum ion-plasma deposition process allowing predicting coatings composition basing on intermetallic system Ti-Al was developed. Experimental verification confirmed the adequacy of the computer model. The technology hardening punching tools with wear-resistant coatings deposition based on intermetallic Ti-Al system on pre-nitriding surface in vacuum was developed. Production tests of the hardened punching tools were carried out.
Surface Roughness and Part Dimensional Accuracy after Deposition of Coating by Vacuum Arc Plasma
Authors: Budilov Vladimir Vasilyevich , Mukhin Viktor Sergeevich , Yagafarov Ilgiz Irekovich , Ramazanov Kamil Nurullaevich
Published: October 2015

Nitride coatings were deposited by vacuum arc plasma, in an atmosphere of argon and nitrogen using different deposition conditions of part location and configuration, angle between plasma flow and processing surface. The coating thickness, part dimensions and surface roughness were measured before and after coating deposition. The type of part poor shape precision after coating deposition by vacuum arc plasma was defined. An impact of coating deposition by vacuum arc discharge on the part dimensional and form accuracy was revealed. The effect of parts location on dimensional and radial surfaces form accuracy was induced. The effect of coating surface polythickness on part dimensional and form accuracy for parts with different stiffness was defined. The impact of part location area and parts quantity on coating thickness, surface roughness, dimensional and form accuracy of part was revealed. The coating thickness distribution law, parts quality class and accuracy degree after vacuum ion plasma coating deposition were assigned.
Residual Stress Predictive Model of TIG Welding Process Using Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Limwongsakorn Somsak , Nakkiew Wasawat , Baisukhan Adirek
Published: October 2015

Residual stress occured in welding process generally causes reduction in the strength of welded joints, shortens the fatigue life, and brings about the distortion of the workpiece. In this research, finite element analysis (FEA) model of the butt-joint tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding process with the application of birth-death technique was presented. The material used in this research was AISI 304 stainless steel. The FEA model was constructed on a simulation software, ANSYS. The predictive residual stress from a welding condition obtained from the FEA model was verified by the value measured from X-ray diffraction (XRD) machine. Effects of four welding process parameters: efficiency, welding speed, arc current, and arc voltage on residual stress at the center of the welded joint and at the heated affected zone (HAZ) were investigated. The welding conditions were generated by varying these four main effects according to the Taguchi design of experiment technique (L8 orthogonal array). In general, compressive residual stress is beneficial to the strength and fatigue life of welded joints. For the Taguchi method the larger is better constraint was used; larger means higher magnitude of compressive residual stress. The predictive residual stress results obtained from the FEA model were consistent with the values obtained from the XRD measurement. The result suggested that the most significant effect was the arc current, followed by the arc voltage, welding speed, and the efficiency. The response optimizer in MINITAB software showed the optimal magnitude of compressive residual stress values of about 52 MPa obtained at the arc current of 126 Ampere, arc voltage of 17 Volts, welding speed of 110 mm/min, and the efficiency of 80%.
Consideration of Femtosecond Laser-Induced Effect on Semiconductor Material SiC Substrate for CMP Processing
Authors: Wang Cheng Wu , Kurokawa Syuhei , Doi Toshiro , Sano Yasuhisa , Aida Hideo , Ohnishi Osamu , Uneda Michio , Ohyama Koki , Hayashi Terutake , Zhang Ji , Eiji Asakawa
Published: October 2015

In this paper, lapped C-face of single crystal SiC wafer was irradiated by femtosecond laser. Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) was then carried out to polish the irradiated SiC C-face. The authors compared the results of femtosecond laser-assisted CMP process. A white-light interferometer was used to investigate the surface morphology of the processed SiC substrate before and after laser irradiation. It was found that the material removal rate (MRR) of the irradiated substrate is about 3 times higher than that of the substrate not treated by femtosecond laser. In addition, lower surface roughness was realized after femtosecond laser assisted CMP process.
Bio-Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes and Intracellular Imaging
Authors: Li Jun , Dai Yao Dong
Published: October 2015

Shortened single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were functionalized with chitosan (CS) oligomer to improve their water solubility and biocompatibility. The functional groups such as amino in CS benefit the further modification of other bio-functional molecules. Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) were marked in CS decorated SWNTs through covalent bond for imaging and tracking SWNTs. Water soluble SWNTs wrapped by CS could also be suitable for drug delivery. Tea polyphenol (TP) and doxorubicin (DOX) drug molecules were loaded in the SWNTs system respectively through hydrogen bond and π-π interaction. The FITC labeled CS/SWNTs were co-incubated with cells and imaged under laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM). With proper bio-functionalization, SWNTs could be easily internalized by cells via endocytosis.
Functional Chain Transfer Agent and its Application in Block Polymer Synthesis
Authors: Peng Xiao Quan , He Chun Ju
Published: October 2015

In this report, s-1-dodecyl-s’-(α,α’-dimethyl-α’’-dimethyl-α’’-aceticacid) trithiocarbonate (RAFT-COOH) was successfully synthesized by phase transfer catalyst reaction, which was then amidated with diaminopropyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane (NH2-PDMS-NH2) to synthesize PDMS-based macro-RAFT agent to control the synthesis of tri-block copolymer PDMA-b-PDMS-b-PDMA. The successful synthesis of small and macro chain transfer has been confirmed by techniques of FTIR. Moreover, the polymerization to synthesize tri-block copolymer proceeded with first-order kinetics, which showed the reaction system was a controlled/‘living’ polymerization. The triblock copolymers have also been characterized by FTIR, 1HNMR, and GPC techniques, which confirmed the successful synthesis of triblock copolymer.
Effects of Fibroin Treatments on Physical and Biological Properties of Chitosan/Hydroxyapatite/Fibroin Bone's Scaffold
Authors: Wattanutchariya Wassanai , Thunsiri Kittiya
Published: October 2015

The development of bio-mimetic scaffold for tissue engineering proposed a novel method to tissue or bone repairing. The biological and physical properties of the scaffold have been recognizing such as biocompatibility, porosity, pore size, and biodegradability. In this work, Chitosan, Hydroxyapatite (HA), and Fibroin were used for bone's scaffold fabrication by freeze drying technique. Those materials are known as biodegradable materials that serve different properties in bone's scaffold. In common fabrication process, the fibroin treatment is requiring for increasing the stiffness of the fibers. Recently, the fibroin treatment is process before the scaffold fabrication. However, the treatment could process after the scaffold fabrication complete. Thus, we compared the biological and physical of the scaffolds between three conditions of fibroin treatment that consist of 1) Non-treatment (NON), 2) Pre-treatment (PRE), and 3) Post-treatment (POST). From the result, both of biological and physical properties, the PRE porous scaffold is the appropriated condition for this research. Finally, we are looking forward to compare the growth of osteoblast cells on the scaffold with different fibroin treatment and aim to implant those scaffolds for bone repairing in the very near future.
Optimal Conditions for Aqueous Tape Casting of Hydroxyapatite
Authors: Chaijaruwanich Anirut , Khamkasem Chanyapat
Published: October 2015

An aqueous tape casting process was employed to produce hydroxyapatite (HA) sheets. The effects of viscosity of slurry, blade height and speed on flexural strength and density of the sintered HA sheets were studied using central composite design (CCD). The flexural strength and the density were measured using a three-point bending test and Archimedes method, respectively. Results suggested that all parameters and the interaction between viscosity and speed had significant effects on both flexural strength and density. Under the conditions studied, the optimal conditions for the maximum flexural strength and density of the sintered HA sheet were obtained with the viscosity of 1532 mPa.s, the blade height of 3.34 mm and the speed of 6.27 mm/s.
Corrosion Behavior in Artificial Saliva of Personalized Dental Crowns of Co-Cr Alloys Manufactured by DMLS Process
Authors: Băilă Diana Irinel
Published: October 2015

The purpose of this paper is to realize some researches concerning the powder Co-Cr, the sintering compacts obtain after Direct Metal Laser Sintering manufacturing and the corrosion resistance in artificial saliva. The Co-Cr alloys are used frequently in dentistry to realize personalized dental crown, bridges, chapels, dental implants or microsurgery instruments. The Co-Cr powders are used in Direct Metal Laser Sintering technologies to obtain personalized dental crown with complex forms after a ”stl” file, realized after a tomography or oral scanning. Direct Metal Laser Sintering process is used to realize quickly a scale model of physical part or assembly using 3D computer aided design CAD data. This alloy must present good corrosion behavior and mechanical resistance to be used in medical domain.
Utilizing Rayon Fiber Residues from Fiber Manufacturing Industry for Preparation of Cellulose/CMC Hydrogels
Authors: Charoensai Chakkrit , Tooptompong Porntip , Setthayanond Jantip , Sittikoon Sasswat , Chanchanuan Somporn
Published: October 2015

The cellulose-based hydrogel was successfully prepared from rayon fiber residue obtained from the fiber manufacturing industry. By chemical means, the hydrogel was simply prepared at an ambient temperature by mixing rayon with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) in NaOH/urea solution with epichlorohydrin (ECH) as a crosslinking agent. Rayon cellulose was used for stabilizing of hydrogel structure, providing a dimensional stability to the hydrogel whereas CMC acted as a porogen, widening the pore size within the hydrogel structure while swelling in water. With increasing CMC content, the percent water uptake of the hydrogel was increased but the structural stability was impaired. The prepared rayon cellulose/CMC hydrogel could take up more than 200% water within 60 minutes with an appropriate rayon cellulose-to-CMC ratio of 1:1 providing an ultimate balance between percent water uptake and the structural stability of the hydrogel. Its percent water uptake was as high as 285% to its initial dry weight.
Numerical Simulation of Drill-String Dynamics with an Initial Curvature
Authors: Sergaliyev Almaz , Umbetkulova Aliya
Published: October 2015

This work is devoted to modeling of nonlinear dynamics of the rotating drill-string taking into account initial curvature and finiteness of deformations. The drill-string is compressed by variable axial force. The case of flat bending of the drill-string with an initial curvature is studied, where drill-string considered as a one-dimensional rotating rod of a symmetric cross-section. A nonlinear model is developed on the basis of the variational principle Ostrogradsky-Hamilton and the theory of finite deformations. The numerical analysis of the model is carried out. The influence of bending forms and initial curvature of the drill-string on the amplitude of transverse vibrations is established.