bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DECIPHERING THE CAPABILITIES OF LOOK-AHEAD METHODS IN LWD
Authors:   LWD Center of China Petroleum Logging Co.Ltd., Zhu Jun , Die Yong ,   LWD Center of China Petroleum Logging Co.Ltd., Tian Yuanshi ,   LWD Center of China Petroleum Logging Co.Ltd., Zhou John ,   Maxwell Dynamics Inc.
Published: August 2021

The use of electromagnetic logging tools while drilling to investigate the space in front of the drill-bit and to predict the geologic strata and/or fluid property ahead has been one of the industry-focuses in recent years. The commercial look-ahead tools have two main designs based on the published tool configurations and data-channel definitions. The first type employs combinations of tilted coils to acquire multiple or all components of electromagnetic fields and presents logs defined in novel expressions as functions of these field components. The second kind uses combination of the voltage measurements from orthogonal coils (coils pointing along and perpendicular to tool-axis) and the propagation resistivity logs from coaxial coils of large coil-spacing. This work starts with reviewing the tool physics and the mathematic expressions defining the logs. The look-ahead capabilities are then investigated by considering the case where a borehole is perpendicular to the formation boundaries. It is found that the necessary information for forward detection applications is exclusively from the apparent resistivity logs, not the so-called geo-signals or any other logs. We further explore an ideal scenario, i.e., to detect the presence of a good conductor in front of a high resistivity formation to obtain the asymptotic behaviors for the two measurement types. The asymptotic expressions lay the foundation to understanding the intrinsic differences between the two methods. The insights derived from the theoretical work and the subsequent modeling results for a broad set of models define the response characteristics and the probing capabilities of the look-ahead techniques. It is realized that the look-ahead instrument design can be simplified, such as using only the familiar three-coil coaxial configuration with a suitable long coil-spacing and multiple carefully chosen operating frequencies to achieve a robust detection-distance coverage. It is worth to point out that the commercially available look-ahead services are mainly applicable to vertical and inclined wells so far. For look-ahead applications in horizontal wells, due to the contribution of the geologic and fluid boundaries lateral to the tool and the inhomogeneities ahead of the drill-bit, there is no reliable method yet to simultaneously solve the large number of unknown parameters associated other than some special situations. The look-ahead evaluation in the horizontal wells must be investigated further by understanding the characteristics of exponential attenuation and geometric spreading of the electromagnetic fields in a conductive formation and the inherent relatively poor resolution through combining with other detection physics and the introduction of proper geologic model constraints.
Thermodeformation properties of dynamically volcanized thermoplastic elastomers based on random polypropylene and nitrile butadiene rubber
Authors:   Institute of Polymer Materials of the Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Kakhramanov N. T. , Guliyev A. J. ,   Institute of Polymer Materials of the Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Abdullin M. I. ,   Bashkir State University, Allahverdiyeva Kh. V. ,   Institute of Polymer Materials of the Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences
Published: August 2021

The paper presents the results of a study of the thermodefomational characteristics of dynamically vulcanized thermoplastic elastomers based on random polypropylene and nitrile butadiene rubber (SKN). In order to improve the compatibility of polymer mixtures, Exxelor PO1200, a grafted copolymer of polypropylene with maleic anhydride, was used as a compatibilizer. The concentration of maleic anhydride in the composition of the grafted copolymer was 3.0 wt. %. It was shown that as a result of the loading of the compatibilizer, it seemed possible to improve the compatibility of bipolar mixtures, in which there was no separation between the components of the mixture. It was found that with the load of 30 wt. % SKN-18, as well as 40 wt. % SKN-26 or SKN-40 into the composition of random polypropylene, the polymer composition exhibits the properties of thermoplastic elastomers, as a result of which plastic deformation is replaced by a highly elastic characteristic for rubbers. The temperature regions of the solid, highly elastic, and viscous flowing states are determined. In order to give polymer blends greater elasticity, they were vulcanized using crosslinking agents such as dicumyl peroxide and sulfur. It is shown how, in the process of increasing the concentration of dicumyl peroxide from 0.25 to 1.0 wt. %, the thermomechanical properties of dynamically vulcanized thermoplastic elastomers significantly change. It was found that with the introduction of dicumyl peroxide in an amount equal to 1.0 wt. %, the melt flowability of vulcanized materials almost completely lose their ability to flow, and pass from a highly elastic state to a glassy one. With the load of sulfur in an amount of 1.0 to 10 wt. %, the melt flowability of the vulcanized thermoplastic elastomers is preserved.
Kinetic study of lithium-zinc ferrite synthesis under electron beam heating
Authors:   National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lysenko E. N. , Vlasov V. A. ,   National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Surzhikov A. P. ,   National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Kupchishin A. I. ,   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University
Published: August 2021

The paper considers kinetic studies lithium-zinc ferrite synthesis under heating by high-energy electron beam of mixtures of the initial Fe2O3 – Li2CO3 – ZnO reagents of different prehistory. We used samples of bulk density and compressed in hydraulic press. Radiation-thermal synthesis of samples was carried out an ILU-6 pulsed electron accelerator by heating of high-energy electrons with 2.4 MeV energy. Was spending heating to 600, 700, 750 °C and kept at 0 to 120 minutes. Formation of ferrite in conventional thermal annealing at similar temperature and time conditions was studied for comparison. Characterized method for studying synthesized samples was X-ray diffraction analysis. It is found that the rate of ferrite formation depends on both the heating method and the density of the initial mixture. It is shown that heating the mixture with an electron beam significantly accelerates the process of obtaining ferrite, which is manifested in a decrease of the kinetic parameters of ferrite synthesis. The increase the rate of ferrite formation under high-energy electron irradiation is due to a significant decrease in activation energy of synthesis process and decrease in pre-exponential multiplier in temperature dependence.
Effect of liquid-phase synthesis method of nanopowders on microstructure and physico-chemical properties of ceramics in CeO2 – Sm2O3 system
Authors:   Grebenschikov Institute of Silicate Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kalinina M. V. , Dyuskina D. A. ,   St. Petersburg State Institute of Technology, Fedorenko N. Yu. ,   Grebenschikov Institute of Silicate Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Shilova O. A. ,   Grebenschikov Institute of Silicate Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: August 2021

Nanopowders of the composition (СeO2)1 – x(Sm2O3)x (x = 0.02; 0.05; 0.10; 0.20) were synthesized by two methods of chemical liquid-phase synthesis: co-precipitation of hydroxides with freezing and co-crystallization of salts with an average OCD size of ~ 8 – 11 nm, Sud = 40 – 83 m2/g. Based on them, ceramic nanomaterials with a cubic crystal structure of the fluorite type, with an OCR of ~ 65 – 81 nm (1300 °C), were obtained. The dependence of the phase composition, microstructure, and electric transport properties of the obtained samples on the content of Sm2O3 in a solid solution based on CeO2 and the synthesis method is revealed. It is shown that in the series (СeO2)1 – x(Sm2O3)x (x = 0.02; 0.05; 0.10; 0.20) a solid solution of the composition (CeO2)0.80(Sm2O3)0.20 has the highest ionic conductivity σ700 ºC = 2.7·10–2 Cm/cm. The resulting ceramic can be used as a solid electrolyte for medium-temperature fuel cells due to its physical and chemical characteristics.
THE ROLE OF TAUHID TASAWUF STUDY COUNCIL IN PREACHING THE TAWHÎD AND TASHAWWUF IN ACEH, INDONESIA
Authors: Manan Abdul
Published: August 2021

Abstract: Majelis Pengkajian Tauhid Tasawuf (MPTT)-The Council for the Study of Tawhîd and Tashawwuf- is a religious institution which in principally related the aspects of tawhîd and tashawwuf initiated by sûfî Shaykh Haji Amran Wali al-Khalidy. The primary aim of this institution is to preach the teachings of monotheism and Sufism in the midst of society. Even though its teaching is not accepted by all segment of societies, MPTT continues to diffuse its teachings, even to several countries in Southeast Asia. This research is a qualitative study to critically examine the existence of the MPTT in terms of tawhîd and tashawwuf in Aceh. The data was collected through observation, interviews and documentation which then analyzed using Analysis Interactive Model. The results showed that MPTT plays an important role in bringing positive changes to Acehnese society both in the fields of worship and morals. MPTT is able to propagate Sufism teachings by balancing the world’s issues and the hereafter.
 
Keywords: MPTT roles, preaching, teaching of tawhîd and tashawwuf, Aceh
Analisis potensi limbah kelapa sawit untuk pakan ternak ruminansia di PT Medcopapua Hijau Selaras Sidey Manokwari
Authors: Ojaba Novita Sari , Lekitoo Marlyn N. , Rumetor Sientje D.
Published: August 2021

This research aimed to investigate and analyzing the potential of palm waste based on the type and amount of waste the  quality of waste for as ruminant feed. Research conducted at PT MedcoPapua Hijau Selaras Sidey Manokwari lasts from 2 september until 3 october 2019. The results get potential of waste palm at PT MedcoPapua Hijau Selaras Sidey have relative large are empty bunches, 112,2 tons/day, fibers 28,36 tons/day, shell, 28,94 tons/days and liquid waste, oil sludge 24,80 tons/day, waste that can be utilized as a ruminant feed, there has content of BK and BO which good is every each, empty bunches (BK 91,95%. BO 81,84%) Fibers (BK 92, 16 %, BO 93,83%), Shell (  BK 91,51. BO 75,01 %), Oil Sludge  (BK 23,90%. BO 83,78%).
Power Forecasting from Solar Panels Using Artificial Neural Network in UTHM Parit Raja
Authors:   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Mohd Fahmi Natasha Munirah , Zambri Nor Aira ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Salim Norhafiz ,   Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Sy Yi Sim ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
Published: August 2021

This paper presents a step-by-step procedure for the simulation of photovoltaic modules with numerical values, using MALTAB/Simulink software. The proposed model is developed based on the mathematical model of PV module, which based on PV solar cell employing one-diode equivalent circuit. The output current and power characteristics curves highly depend on some climatic factors such as radiation and temperature, are obtained by simulation of the selected module. The collected data are used in developing Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model. Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) and Radial Basis Function (RBF) are the techniques used to forecast the outputs of the PV. Various types of activation function will be applied such as Linear, Logistic Sigmoid, Hyperbolic Tangent Sigmoid and Gaussian. The simulation results show that the Logistic Sigmoid is the best technique which produce minimal root mean square error for the system.
Effect of Changing in Air Intake Temperature on Engine Performance Using Thermocouple
Authors:   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Raman Prem Kumar Nair , Bahari Azlina ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
Published: August 2021

The effect of changing in air intake temperature plays an important role to the performance of spark ignition engine. Therefore, increasing or decreasing of surrounding temperature in the world nowadays will affect the performance and the quality of air especially related to spark ignition engine. Thus, this study will be conducted to determine the heated value of air intake temperature that influence engine performance and emission. Spark ignition engine also known as heat engine depends so much to the changes in temperature. This study will present the experimental result on the performance of spark ignition engine at various cooled air intake temperatures on four-stroke four-cylinder spark ignition engine. This study also investigated the level of emission released to the environment due to decrease in air intake temperature. In this study, the exhaust emissions percentage values of CO2 and HC are recorded by using Chassis Dynamometer (MD-2WD-500). The data was taken under three different gears (gear 2, 3 and 4) at varying speed (1000, 1500, 2000, 2500 and 3000 rpm) and intake temperature range (15℃~25℃). Based on the data and result recorded, decrease in temperature do increase the engine performance and also decrease the emission percentage as well.
The Influential Factors of TQM and TPM Implementation on Manufacturing Industry Performance (MIP)
Authors:   University of Sharjah, Al Maazmi Abdalla , Al Hamadi Abdallah ,   University of Sharjah
Published: August 2021

The demand for quality is the one crucial factor for businesses in today's highly competitive market, to thrive in this ever expanding global market. As a result of intense global competition, Total quality management (TQM) has been created. Most of the previous papers show that TQM is very related to business success. However, the analysis of the Total productive maintenance (TPM) as mediator between TQM and MIP not widely found and previous researches were commonly regarded as general instruments and techniques without particular emphasis on improvement styles. This paper aims to suggest the relationship between TQM and MIP through mediating impact of TPM. The methodology adopted for this research was to use a review of existing literature, this paper explores the theories of TQM and TPM to provide useful information to ensure effective management of manufacturing industry. The key contribution of this paper is to develop a conceptual model to describe the cause- effect relationship between TQM, TPM activities and MIP. The implication of the proposed conceptual model would help academics and policy makers in the industry to better understand the relationship between activities.
An Investigation of Microwave Tomography Technique to Detect Brain Tumour Through Cross-Section Imaging at Frequency 0.5 GHz to 1.5 GHz
Authors:   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Abd Wahab Anisah , Rosli Ummi Amira ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Mohd Ramli Nurul Amira ,   Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Rahiman Mohd Hafiz Fazalul ,   Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Ramli Mimi Faisyalini ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
Published: August 2021

The growing significance of cancerous tissue including brain tumour requires a fast and efficient technology detection. The most current technologies being applied for brain imaging system are Computed Tomography (CT) scan and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Whilst these two detection applications are very well established, both systems are expensive, time and space consuming, and raise safety issues to patients due to the radiation and strong magnetic effects. This research aims to assess the feasibility and potential performance of microwave tomography (MWT) for brain imaging with a particular focus on brain tumour detection. The study was conducted using Finite Element Model software, COMSOL Multiphysics to develop a 2D modelling of an antenna array and measure the scattered electric field by solving forward problem. MATLAB software will be used as an inverse problem solver to reconstruct 2D images of the tumour by using Linear Back Projection (LBP) algorithm.
Comparative Study on Performance of Discrete Wavelength Transform and Huffman Compression Technique on 2D Signal
Authors:   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Hussin Mumtaz Anwar , Ahmad Poad Farhana ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Joret Ariffuddin ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
Published: August 2021

Nowadays, the development of technology which involves multimedia data is widely used to help better understanding in spreading information. Image is known as 2D signal which contain huge data especially a high resolution image. This paper shows the comparison of applying lossy and lossless compression on the image data. Image compression is necessary in reducing the size of image for storage or transmission purpose to support most of the application nowadays. The technique applied in this paper is the hybrid of Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) technique and Huffman coding technique which are classified as lossy and lossless compression, respectively. The performance of image compression are evaluated in terms of compression ratio, Mean Square Error (MSE), Power Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) and computing time. Several types of evaluation can determine better technique to apply on specific type of application. The stand-alone of each DWT and Huffman technique are evaluated before applying hybrid of DWT and Huffman technique. After conducting a comprehensive observation, the hybrid technique can compress with ratio about 1:17 to 1:27 due to the support from DWT technique that apply filter concept. The MSE value is high with the average about 69 which contributes to low PSNR value with about 29 to 30 dB due to the relation of PSNR equation with MSE value. Besides, the SSIM value is 0.6 or about 40% far from the original image that affect the output image. Despite of that, the computing time is fast with about 3 to 4 seconds which has been improved from stand-alone Huffman technique. Therefore, hybrid compression is capable of supporting each other techniques in stand-alone technique.
Water Quality Monitoring and Controlling using IoT
Authors:   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Johar Haziq Lukman , Mohamad Shamsul ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Mohd Shah Shaharil ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Mohd Hanifa Rafizah ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
Published: August 2021

The water quality status of rivers in Malaysia has always been a cause for concern for various local authorities, government agencies, and the public. The issue is that the traditional method, such as workers, needs to go to each tank or river to collect data. The process set some drawbacks such as labor-intensive, lack of real-time data, and high operation and equipment costs. In this research, the aim is to implement the Internet of Things (IoT) in monitoring and controlling the water quality. The pH and temperature sensors were integrated with NodeMCU ESP82666 to collect water pH and temperature data. This platform is also used to control the servo motor for managing systems. NodeMCU sends the data through the Internet to the Blynk application. Using Blynk, users can monitor live data from the tank, see the data trend, and control the water quality. All the data that has been taken is saved in the cloud database using phpMyAdmin. The connection also used NodeMCU ESP8266, where the coding was written and compiled using Arduino IDE software. This project has successfully achieved its objective where water quality data (pH and temperature) can be monitored, stored in a database, and water pH levels can be controlled using IoT.
El decálogo lingüístico del Renacimiento
Authors: José Gabriel
Published: August 2021

El Renacimiento literario, siempre invocado por poetas clasicistas y por gramáticos, dejó consignada su doctrina lingüística en tres documentos representativos: EL CORTESANO de Baltasar Castiglione, el DIÁLOGO DE LA LENGUA de Juan Valdés, la DEFENSA E ILUSTRACIÓN DE LA LENGUA FRANCESA de Joachim du  Bellay: uno italiano, otro español y otro francés, las tres lenguas románicas más importantes.
Ignacio de Castro. Los comienzos
Authors: Valcárcel Carlos Daniel
Published: August 2021

Presenta un fragmento del ensayo, en trance de publicación, denominado: "Vida y obra de Ignacio de Castro (1732-1792)" investigación histórica bajo los auspicios y con la parcial ayuda económica del Instituto de Historia de la Facultad de Letras de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos.
Reseña histórica del concepto de metafísica
Authors: Alarco Luis Felipe
Published: August 2021

El título no posee, pues, ninguna relación originaria con el contenido de la Metafísica, sino con el hecho fortuito y externo de haberse en contrado colocada después del libro de Física. Esta denominación, sin embargo, a pesar de haber nacido de manera tan ocasional, ha sido acertada y feliz, lo que explica su persistencia en la historia.
Flaubert y la ilusión del realismo
Authors: Coyné André
Published: August 2021

Más que una conferencia sobre Flaubert he aceptado presentaros algunas reflexiones en torno a la palabra "Realismo", indistintamente aplicada al arte del novelista por los críticos profesionales, se diría que con el fin único de catalogar a un creador, es decir limitarlo, rebajarlo, negando lo que le diferencia y, en buena cuenta, lo constituye.
William Faulkner, novelista trágico
Authors: Zavaleta Carlos Eduardo
Published: August 2021

Recojo y discuto en este ensayo el calificativo de "novelista trágico", estampado ayer y hoy por quienes juzgan a Faulkner. Si bien llamarlo así es hacer de él un fácil jinete de dos funciones literarias, novela y tragedia, y no estudiarlo en su campo, dicho juicio ya rebasa, por fortuna, las viejas conclusiones extra literarias de críticos más dados a llamarlo cronista de la vida sureña en Estados Unidos, o juez puritano, calvinista, que reveló la perversión y también la espiritualidad de personajes cuyo drama se debía a desniveles sociales, raciales o a la confusión mental nacida por las urgencias teóricas (religiosas, psicológicas y aun estilísticas) de Faulkner.
El lenguaje y la función social de la universidad
Authors: Escobar Alberto
Published: August 2021

La historia de la Lingüística está ligada estrechamente al desarrollo del pensamiento occidental. Por ende, meditar sobre el aspecto teórico o la proyección práctica del estudio del lenguaje, significa adherirse a una preocupación fundamental del ser humano, homo symbolicus por excelencia, y participar activamente en un coloquio ininterrumpido, en una constante inquieud del área espiritual en que vivimos.
El mensaje ejemplar de Humbolt
Authors: Núñez Estuardo
Published: August 2021

Es significativo que la mayor parte de la ingente obra legada por Humboldt a la posteridad sea dedicada a las diferentes zonas de América que recorrió en su memorable y único viaje de 1799 a 1804. Cuanto hizo en otros terrenos y otras materias queda muy por debajo de su obra dedicada a América. Contribuyó a su buen éxito la época propicia en que realizo su viaje, o sea los años que precedieron a las campañas de la emancipación americana.
Don Manuel Moncloa y Covarrubias, ilustre hombre de teatro
Authors: Ugarte Chamorro Guillermo
Published: August 2021

Al recordarse el día de hoy el primer centenario del nacimiento de don Manuel Moncloa y Covarrubias, el Teatro Universitario de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos cumple grato e imperativo deber tributando este sencillo pero fervoroso homenaje a la noble personalidad de tan eminente hombre de teatro que consagró su existencia al cultivo y progreso del arte dramática, y a la paciente y acuciosa investigación de nuestro pasado teatral.
Juan Ramón Jiménez, poeta
Authors: Tamayo Vargas Augusto
Published: August 2021

Voy a iniciar estas líneas con frases ajenas. Son de Rodó, en relación con Juan Ramón Jiménez: "Veo a través de esta poesía de sinceridad y de reserva, a un tiempo mismo, la trasparencia de un espíritu fino como un diamante y deliciosamente sensitivo. He aquí un lírico de la familia de Heine, de la familia de Verlaine y que permanece, no solamente español, sino andaluz, andaluz dé la triste Andalucía".
Sobre la penetración de José I en Hispanoamérica
Authors: Valcárcel Daniel
Published: August 2021

Se ha puesto en tela de juicio la concreta penetración de Agentes del rey José I, instrumento de Napoleón para el gobierno de España y las Indias. Los documentos inéditos : I) Instrucciones y II) Rol de Comisionados —más abajo insertos—, permitirán formar opinión adecuada y ser punto de partida para ima investigación sistemática y rectiíicatoria de algunas opiniones tradicionales.
Eritema multiforme induzido por metotrexato: relato de caso de overdose acidental
Authors: CRUZ Adriana C. , FIDELIS Yara P. , VIEIRA Larissa S. , FIGUEIREDO Paulo T. , DUARTE Djane B. , LIA Erica N.
Published: August 2021

O metotrexato é o medicamento de primeira linha no tratamento da artrite reumatoide e pode ser utilizado em casos de lúpus eritematoso sistêmico quando há dificuldade no controle dos sintomas. Apesar de seu efeito no controle dos sintomas de diversas doenças, o metotrexato pode causar uma série de efeitos adversos, incluindo eritema multiforme, que é uma reação de hipersensibilidade caracterizada por úlceras dolorosas que podem afetar a pele e a mucosa oral. Esse artigo apresenta o caso de uma paciente do sexo feminino, 39 anos de idade, com diagnóstico inconclusivo de lúpus eritematoso sistêmico, que recebeu uma prescrição de 10 cápsulas de metotrexato (2,5 mg) a serem usadas por via oral uma vez por semana, sendo duas pela manhã, duas no almoço, duas no jantar, duas na manhã seguinte e duas no almoço. Entretanto, a paciente não compreendeu bem a prescrição e ingeriu toda a dose prescrita para um mês em uma semana. A paciente foi hospitalizada com múltiplas úlceras intra e extra orais, associadas a dor intensa, disfagia, dificuldade de fala entre outros sinais e sintomas, impedindo alimentação e uso de medicação por via oral. Durante a hospitalização, a paciente recebeu   tratamento com medicamentos de uso tópico e laserterapia para controle da dor e da inflamação. A paciente teve alta hospitalar após nove dias de internação para continuar seu tratamento ambulatorial. Esse relato de caso mostra a importância de uma boa comunicação entre profissional de saúde e paciente, especialmente no que diz respeito à compreensão da prescrição medicamentosa.
Efektivitas
Authors: Zulfajri
Published: August 2021

Alokasi Dana Desa Berdasarkan Peraturan Perundang-undangan oleh Agung Pratama Keberadaan Desa secara yuridis formal diakui dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2004 tentang pemerintahan daerah dan Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 Tentang Desa. Berdasarkan ketentuan tersebut Desa diartikan sebagai desa dan desa adat atau yang disebut dengan nama lain, selanjutnya disebut Desa adalah kesatuan masyarakat hukum yang memiliki batas wilayah yang berwenang untuk mengatur dan mengurus urusan pemerintahan, kepentingan masyarakat setempat berdasarkan prakarsa masyarakat, hak asal usul, dan atau hak tradisional yang diakui dan dihormati dalam sistem pemerintahan Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia. Untuk mewujudkan keberhasilan pembangunan, inisiatif dan kreatifitas dari anggota masyarakat yang lahir dari kesadaran dan tanggung jawab sebagai manusia yang hidup bermasyarakat dan diharapkan tumbuh berkembang sebagai suatu partisipasi. Sehubungan dengan partisipasi masyarakat dalam pembangunan. Partisipasi merupakan keterlibatan masyarakat secara aktif masyarakat dapat juga keterlibatan dalam proses penentuan arah, strategi kebijaksanaan pembangunan yang dilaksanakan pemerintah. Hal ini terutama berlangsung dalam proses politik dan juga proses sosial, hubungan antara kelompok kepentingan dalam masyarakat sehingga demikian mendapat dukungan dalam pelaksanaannya. Perencanaan pembangunan desa adalah proses tahapan kegiatan yang diselenggarakan oleh pemerintah desa dengan melibatkan Badan Permusyawaratan Desa (BPD) dan unsur masyarakat secara partisipatif guna pemanfaatan dan pengalokasian sumber daya desa dalam rangka mencapai tujuan pembangunan desa.
Optimizing switching performance of MOSFETs in half-bridge topology
Authors: Aditya Kunwar
Published: August 2021

This paper presents an empirical approach backedby LTspice simulation to optimize switching performance in halfbridgeconfiguration. For a given layout effective value of RCnetwork in gate drive loop, ways to avoid dV/dt induced false turnonof MOSFET and remedial circuit for minimizing parasiticoscillation at switching nodes have been presented. Entire studyhas been validated using LTspice simulation as it’s not possible tobuild a hardware board which can cover all the design aspectsauthors wanted to cover. Idea is to present a systematic approachwhich a practicing engineer can adopt for optimizing switching ofMOSFET in a given PCB layout.
Investigating mindfulness influences on cognitive function: On the promise and potential of converging research strategies (currently in press at Psychonomic Bulletin & Review)
Authors: Lin Yanli , Tang Rongxiang , Braver Todd Samuel
Published: August 2021

Research investigating the effects and underlying mechanisms of mindfulness on cognitive functioning has accelerated exponentially over the past two decades. Despite the rapid growth of the literature and its influential role in garnering public interest in mindfulness, inconsistent methods in defining and measuring mindfulness have yielded variable findings, which contribute to the overall dearth of clear generalizable conclusions. The focus of this article is to address the lack of cohesion in the collective methodologies used in this domain, by providing a new perspective grounded in classic cognitive and experimental psychology principles. We leverage the concept of converging operations to demonstrate how seemingly disparate research strategies can be integrated towards a more unified and systematic approach. An organizing taxonomic framework is described to provide useful structure in how mindfulness can be operationalized, measured, and investigated. We illustrate the rationale and core organizing principles of the framework through a selective review of studies on mindfulness and cognitive control. We then demonstrate the utility of the approach by showing how it can be applied to synthesize extant methodologies and guide the development of future research. Specific suggestions and examples pertaining to experimental design and statistical analysis are provided.
But Why Two Integrative Conscious Brains?
Authors: Yousef Ahmad
Published: August 2021

In this synoptic article, we provide evidential grounds that humans have two integrative conscious brains, a central conscious brain, and a peripheral one. The awareness created by the aforementioned brains are substantially different; however, they are normally functioning in an integrative way.
Push Outcomes Bias Perceptions of Scratch Card Games
Authors: Walker Alexander C. , Stange Madison , Dixon Mike , Fugelsang Jonathan Albert , Koehler Derek J.
Published: August 2021

In the domain of scratch card gambling, “pushes” refer to outcomes in which a prize is won that is equal to the cost of a scratch card game. Despite resulting in no net monetary gain, these outcomes are categorized as wins by lottery operators, effectively inflating published scratch card information (e.g., posted odds of winning). Additionally, the experience of obtaining a push shares similarities (e.g., the revealing of matching symbols) with the experience of obtaining a win and thus may be experienced similarly to wins by gamblers. Across four studies (N = 1502), we examined the impact of push outcomes on participants’ perceptions of scratch card games. In Studies 1 and 2, participants reported feeling more likely to win, more excitement to play, and a stronger urge to gamble when presented with a scratch card that categorized push outcomes as wins compared to when presented a scratch card that did not categorize these outcomes as wins. In Study 3, participants experiencing a push outcome prior to a loss reported feeling more likely to win compared to those not experiencing a push outcome yet experiencing the same net monetary loss. In Study 4, push outcomes were found to elicit more excitement and a stronger urge to gamble compared to losses but less excitement and a weaker urge to gamble compared to wins. Overall, the present investigation suggests that push outcomes, a prevalent feature of scratch card games, can bias gambling-related judgments and increase the appeal of scratch card games.
“It changed the atmosphere surrounding the baby I did have”: Making sense of reproduction during sustained uncertainty
Authors: Wright Kelsey Q
Published: August 2021

Objective: This study examines the schemas that women employed during the COVID-19 pandemic to make sense of their reproductive experiences. Background: Existing research on reproduction during epidemics suggests that there are variable population responses to periods of long-term social uncertainty and that individuals and couples can respond to these circumstances in unexpected ways. However, less is known about how individuals make sense of their reproductive experiences during periods of social upheaval.Method: Twenty-nine women aged 25-35 from a mid-sized Midwestern county were recruited and were interviewed about their experiences during the first eight months of the 2021 COVID-19 pandemic. They were asked about their daily lived experiences and about their partnership and reproductive goals during in-depth interviews. These interviews were transcribed and analyzed using thematic coding of the three main schemas that participants used to describe their reproductive experiences.Results: Participants used three main schemas to describe their reproductive experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Heteronormative schemas were used by many participants to articulate their commitment to a heteronormative aged-staged progression of life events. Affective schemas were used by participants, primarily those who were currently or recently pregnant, to express grief and loss over the relational experience of having a new baby. Medical schemas were expressed by most participants to describe feelings of fear and risk at real or imagined encounters with medical institutions during the pandemic.Conclusion: The schema that participants use to make sense of their reproductive experiences have real and enduring consequences for their current and future reproduction.
Did COVID-19 vaccine roll-out increase vaccine hesitancy? Evidence from 28 European countries
Authors: Agosti Francesca , Toffolutti Veronica , Cavalli Nicolo , Nivakoski Sanna , Mascherini Massimiliano , Aassve Arnstein
Published: August 2021

Vaccine hesitancy is a major concern in ending the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper analyzes trends in vaccine hesitancy across 28 European countries for the period 12 February - 28 March 2021. Currently, four main vaccines have been approved by the European Medical Agency. One of them, AstraZeneca, has been linked with deep-vein thrombosis. This controversy led to its suspension in 17 European countries. We investigate the potential impact of the AstraZeneca suspension on vaccine hesitancy, making two substantial contributions. Firstly, we focus on the AstraZeneca controversy itself, asking if the event increased vaccine hesitancy. Secondly, we assess how a particular policy implementation, i.e., the decision to suspend the AstraZeneca vaccine, affected vaccine hesitancy. The results suggest that vaccine hesitancy grew steadily from the very beginning of the vaccine roll-out. Instead, the AstraZeneca suspension made a modest contribution to increased hesitancy.
Scientific inquiry, pluralism, and complementarity
Authors: grinnell frederick
Published: August 2021

Pluralism challenges science education when competing claims arise about what counts as science or about how to describe and understand natural phenomena. Underlying this challenge is the question how scientific inquiry that is carried out by individual researchers situated within particular cultural contexts can give rise to knowledge believed to have universal validity. In 1927, Niels Bohr introduced the idea of complementarity as a characteristic of atomic physics at the International Congress of Physics held in Como, Italy. In this essay, I will describe how Bohr’s ideas about complementarity can be useful to science educators to help explain pluralism in scientific inquiry. Bohr’s ideas about complementarity offer a framework to understand the inherently pluralistic nature of scientific inquiry. Bohr did not himself use the word pluralism. The extensive philosophical literature concerning science education does not mention Bohr’s ideas. However, I think that complementarity and science education can fit together.
Penilaian Fungsi Ekologis Pohon pada Ruang Terbuka Hijau di Perumahan Jakarta Garden City, Jakarta Timur
Authors: Novyandy Muhammad Ravi
Published: August 2021

Tingginya laju pertumbuhan penduduk di perkotaan telah menyebabkan berbagai permasalahan, seperti peningkatan kebutuhan tempat tinggal, yang berdampak pada berkurangnya ruang terbuka hijau (RTH) serta pencemaran lingkungan. Salah satu solusi alternatif untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut yaitu pengadaan perumahan yang dilengkapi dengan RTH. Salah satu perumahan yang menerapkan hal tersebut yaitu perumahan Jakarta Garden City (JGC). JGC merupakan kawasan hunian yang dilengkapi dengan RTH. Berada di perkotaan, menyebabkan JGC banyak terkena dampak negatif pencemaran lingkungan. Dengan adanya RTH di dalamnya, diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kualitas lingkungan yang terkena dampak negatif. Untuk mengetahui kontribusi positif serta sejauh mana pohon pada RTH dapat memenuhi fungsi ekologisnya, maka dilakukan penilaian fungsi ekologis pohon pada RTH di JGC. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik pohon, menganalisis serta menilaifungsi ekologis, dan memberikan rekomendasi untuk memperbaiki kualitas pohon di masa yang akan datang. Pohon yang dinilai berada di beberapa area, yaitu cluster Cassia, Zebrina, Alamanda, Lantana dan jalan sekitar cluster. Aspek yang diamati berupa fungsi ekologis peneduh (modifikasi suhu), kontrol kelembapan udara dan penahan angin. Pohon dianalisis dan dinilai dengan membandingkan karakteristik yang ada di lapang dengan kriteria berdasarkan literatur dengan parameter KPI (key performance index). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, pada fungsi ekologis peneduh, jenis vegetasi yang sudah sesuai (kategori sangat baik dan baik) sebesar 28,28%, sedangkan yang belum sesuai (kategori kurang baik dan buruk) sebesar 71,72%. Untuk fungsi ekologis kontrol kelembapan udara, yang sudah sesuai sebesar 74,52%, sedangkan yang belum sebesar 25,48%. Untuk fungsi ekologis penahan angin, yang sudah sesuai sebesar 67,98%, sedangkan yang belum sebesar 32,02%.
A little about artificial intelligence: controversial technologies
Authors: Moon Dmitriy , Popeta Vladislav
Published: August 2021

The article considers features of the use of artificial intelligence in various areas. Examples of ambiguous and not always constructive application of such technologies are presented. Attention is focused on the need to form systems and legal foundations of security working with AI technologies.
Artificial intelligence in machine translation technologies
Authors: kolin Konstantin
Published: August 2021

The capabilities of machine translation are closely related to the improvement of modeling the processes of understanding and generating texts in natural language, which traditionally belongs to the class of artificial intelligence problems. The article attempts to analyze the main approaches to the creation of machine translation technologies. It is concluded that these approaches have not yet provide for the formation and use of dynamic models of the world, but are moving mainly in the direction of a grammatically consistent translation of word sequences.
Hearing Status After Cartilage Augmented Type III Tympanoplasty: In Chronic Otitis Media Squamous Type
Authors: Verma Lok Ram , Paudel Dhundi Raj
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Tympanoplasty is typically performed in conjunction with a canal wall down mastoidectomy in patient with Chronic Otitis Media Squamous. The results from experimental and clinical studies of the type III stapes columellar reconstruction have shown that interposing a disk of cartilage between the graft and the stapes head improves hearing in the lower frequencies by 5 to 10 dB. They hypothesize that the cartilage acts to increase the “effective” area of the graft that is coupled to the stapes, which leads to an increase in the middle ear gain of the reconstructed ear.
Aims: To assess the hearing improvement after cartilage augmented Type III Tympanoplasty in chronic otitis media squamous disease.
Methods: This study was conducted in 44 patients with Chronic Otitis Media squamous in the patients attending the department of Otorhinolaryngology in NGMC teaching hospital from November 2018 to March 2020. Canal Wall Down mastoidectomy with cartilage augmented type III Tympanoplasty and was done. Augmentation was done with thin 3-4 mm conchal cartilage interposed between stapes and Temporalis fascia graft.
Results: There were 11(25%) male and 33(75%) female, with mean age of 29.48 years, ranging from minimum of 15 years to maximum 56 years. The preoperative mean A–B gap was 21.82 and postoperatively means AB gap was 12.20 dB with overall AB gap gain was 9.64 dB.
Conclusion: Significant hearing improvement is seen in Canal Wall Down mastoidectomy Chronic Otitis Media squamous after cartilage augmented type III tympanoplasty.
Ischemic Stroke and its Association with Risk Factors at Nepalgunj Medical College Teaching Hospital Kohalpur
Authors: BK Shyam Kumar , Baral Sushil , Paudel Nabin , Neupane Hitesh
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Incidence of stroke increases with age and growing elderly population worldwide, the number of patients with stroke are likely to increase. It is the third most common cause of death in world in that 85% are ischemic in nature. Atherosclerosis is a major risk factor in cerebrovascular diseases. Carotid Intima Media thickness (CIMT) is a surrogate marker of atherosclerosis and provides a non-invasive method for the risk assessment of cerebrovascular diseases.

Aims: To study the atherosclerotic risk profile of patients admitted with ischemic stroke in medical ward with study of the carotid artery intima-media thickness in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Methods:  92 patients with ischemic strokes were studied in this observational study. Carotid Doppler was performed in all patients with emphasis on carotid artery stenosis and intima thickening. Analysis of Association of various risk factors was done in detail. Study period was from June 2019 to May 2020.

Results: Higher degree of stenosis was associated with hypoechoic plaques and cortical strokes. Hypertension was the most common and most significant risk factor. Multiple risk factors also appear to have synergistic actions.

Conclusion: Various modifiable risk factors provide valuable target for primary and secondary prevention of stroke. Carotid Doppler is a very cheap and highly effective tool for further management of stroke patients. Most of the asymptomatic patients, risk factors may warrant precautionary carotid Doppler, and may result in significant reduction in disease burden on the families and the community and should be encouraged.
A Study on Correlation Between Serum Cholinesterase Level and Clinical Severity Based on Pop Scale in Organophosphorus Poisoning
Authors: Shrestha Anil , Kidwai Aasim , Shrestha Richa , KC Suman
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Organophosphorus (OP) compounds are the most commonly used pesticides worldwide and Organophosphorus poisoning has become the major public health problem especially in developing countries.The case fatality rate following ingestion of Organophosphorus pesticides in developing countries in Asia is 5-20%.Due to limited availability of facilities and resources in Nepal, it is important to prioritize treatment based on severity of poisoning as all patients can’t be managed in Intensive Care Unit.

Aims: To study the correlation between serum cholinesterase level and clinical severity based on Peradenya organophosphorus poisoning scale in Organophosphorus poisoning.

Methods: The study was conducted in the department of Medicine, Nepalgunj Medical College, Kohalpur, Banke from November 2019 to November 2020. It is based on the descriptive study of 66 patients with Organophosphorus poisoning attending to the emergency department. All patients with history of exposure to Organophosphorus poisoning were included in the study. Peradenya Organophosphorus Poisoning scale was used to assess the clinical severity as mild, moderate and severe. At the same time venous blood samples were collected for serum cholinesterase level.

Results: Age group ranged from 16-60 years and majority of patients were in the age group of 20-29 years (34.85%). 53% were females. 74.2% of the patients were from lower socioeconomic status. 83.3% of the patients consumed poison with suicidal intention. Majority of the patients were from tharu ethinicity (40.9%) and were farmers (30.3%). It was observed that there is significant correlation between serum cholinesterase level and severity of poisoning based on Peradenya Organophosphorus Poisoning scale at initial presentation (p value <0.001).

Conclusion: There is significant correlation between severity of poisoning and degree of derangement of serum cholinesterase level at the initial presentation. As the facility for the estimation of serum cholinesterase level is not available in all regions of Nepal.
Mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Soares Carlos Gabriel de Souza , Honorato Eduardo Jorge Sant´Ana , Lemos Sônia Maria
Published: August 2021

This study aimed to investigate the impacts of social distancing on the occurrence of symptoms of anxiety and depression reported in scientific production available in 2020, describing and analyzing the main triggering factors of mental health problems/diseases in the period of social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic. The method used was an integrative literature review, with searches in Lilacs, SciELO, Medline, and PubMed databases. The following descriptors were used for the selection of publications: Social Distancing, Anxiety, and Depression, used in combination in the search strategy. To refine the search, filters were used: full text; Language Portuguese, English, and Spanish; Main subject; Type of document, with an article as the only type of literature accepted; Year of Publication 2020. This research identified 37 studies later categorized into five main themes: Physical Inactivity, Reduction of social contact and face-to-face interactions, Financial concerns and economic vulnerability, Loneliness, and Alcohol Consumption. The major impacts of social distancing on mental health were the drastic change in routine, favoring sedentary behavior, and limitation in interpersonal contact indicated in many studies as a generator of a high prevalence of harmful psychological effects, especially depression, anxiety, irritability, and irritability episodes of insomnia. The perception of loneliness as a consequence of the period of social distancing was also identified by most studies as associated with anxious and depressive outcomes and with an increased risk of suicidal ideation, as well as the increased use of alcohol, widely used as an escape from reality in the current context of economic resection, unemployment, indebtedness, and death of family and friends by COVID-19.