bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How to Integrate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education into Higher Vocational Physical Education
Authors: Jia Yuzhi
Published: December 2023

Physical education is an important part of teaching work in higher vocational colleges, which has a direct impact on the overall quality of teaching work in higher vocational colleges. Under the background of "innovation and entrepreneurship", how to cultivate students' innovation and entrepreneurship consciousness and ability in the teaching process has become a major problem faced by higher vocational colleges. But it is worth noting that some higher vocational colleges pay less attention to innovation and entrepreneurship education in physical education, and the integration level of innovation and entrepreneurship education in physical education is low, which has caused some obstacles to the overall development of students. This paper briefly introduces the importance of integrating innovation and entrepreneurship education into higher vocational physical education, analyzes the challenges faced by related work, and puts forward some integration strategies, in order to bring some help for higher vocational colleges to improve their work.
The role of several SNPs in genetic diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors:   Laboratory of Population
            Genomics, Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnologies, Ministry of Science and
            Education of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Akhundova Lala , Mustafayev Nurmammad ,   Laboratory of Population
            Genomics, Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnologies, Ministry of Science and
            Education of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Huseynova Irada ,   Institute of Molecular
            Biology & Biotechnologies, Ministry of Science and Education of the Republic of
            Azerbaijan
Published: December 2023

The most common endocrine disease in the world is type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2).
The pathogenesis of this disease is complex and not fully investigated. This review
represents the modern sight on the correlation between genetic, epigenetic and
environmental factors in the formation of T2D. Keywords: Type 2 Diabetes mellitus
(T2DM), pathogenesis, SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism)
How to Improve Critical Thinking in Physics Learning? A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Ubaidillah Mujib , Hartono Hartono , Marwoto Putut , Wiyanto Wiyanto , Subali Bambang
Published: December 2023

COME MIGLIORARE IL PENSIERO CRITICO NELL’APPRENDIMENTO DELLA FISICA? UNA REVISIONE SISTEMATICA DELLA LETTERATURA Abstract Critical thinking skills are essential skills needed in the 21st century. Critical thinking skills can be trained in students through student-centered learning. Through a literature review, this research aims to determine learning models that can improve critical thinking skills in physics. Data collection was based on Scopus and Google Scholar database sources. This type of document comes from journal articles with the keywords «critical thinking», «learning models», and «physics learning» from the years (2011-2021). The literature review used procedures adapted from PRISMA. Documents published are based on predetermined content analysis criteria, including year of publication, author, article source, learning model, physics material topic, research subject, education level, and assessment. Inquiry learning and the higher-order thinking laboratory (HOT Lab) dominate the learning models used to improve critical thinking skills. The critical skills indicators used vary. Indicators of critical thinking skills. Self-regulated learning is rarely used in research instruments compared to other indicators of critical thinking skills. The instruments used are multiple-choice, essays, worksheets, and observation sheets. Research respondents at the university level are often used in studies of critical thinking skills. Fluid mechanics is a topic that is often used in research. This research contributes to improving students’ critical thinking skills through various recommended learning models. Research findings show that student-centered learning models can improve critical thinking skills.
Theoretical aspects and numerical modelling of the GPR method to analyse its possibilities for the detection of leakages in urban water supply networks
Authors: Gołębiowski Tomisław
Published: December 2023

Geophysical methods, especially selected electrical and electromagnetic ones, have been used for many years for the non-invasive detection of leakages from water supply networks. In this paper, the author focuses on theoretical aspects and numerical simulations to analyse the possibilities and limitations of the application of the selected electromagnetic method, i.e., the ground-penetrating radar (GPR) method for the aforementioned purpose. Various measurement techniques are used in the GPR method but in the paper the author refers to the most commonly used technique known as short-offset reflection profiling (SORP). As demonstrated in the paper, the detection of water leakages into a homogeneous and isotropic geological medium using the GPR method is a simple matter. However, the detection of leakages occurring in heterogeneous ground subjected to strong anthropopression and with the presence of electromagnetic interference becomes a difficult task, and interpretation may be difficult or even impossible. An important issue analysed in the paper was the phenomenon of the scattering of electromagnetic waves on underground anthropogenic objects, which very often occurs in urbanised areas. The results of the numerical modelling carried out for various scenarios of water leakages into typical ground allowed the possibilities and limitations of using the GPR method for the detection of leakages from water supply networks to be determined.
Self-powered dual-mode UV detector based on GaN/(BA)2PbI4 heterojunction
Authors: Zhang Sheng-Yuan , Xia Kang-Long , Zhang Mao-Lin , Bian Ang , Liu Zeng , Guo Yu-Feng , Tang Wei-Hua ,   College of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering (Industry-Education Integration School), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China,   School of Science, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China,   Hangzhou Xiaoshan Technician College, Hangzhou 311201, China
Published: December 2023

As an important part of an intelligent photoelectric system, ultraviolet detector has been widely used in many fields in recent years. The research on self-powered heterojunction photodiode is particularly important. In this work, a dual-mode self-powered GaN/(BA)2PbI4 heterojunction ultraviolet photodiode is prepared and discussed. The GaN film is deposited on sapphire by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition, and then the (BA)2PbI4 film is spin-coated onto the surface of the GaN film to construct a planar heterojunction detector. The X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy mapping and scanning electron microscope measurements are used to determine the quality of GaN and (BA)2PbI4 thin films. When the film is illuminated by 365 nm light with a power density of 421 μW/cm2 at 5 V bias, the responsiveness (R) and external quantum efficiency (EQE) are 60 mA/W and 20%, respectively. In self-powered mode, the rise time (τr) and decay time (τd) are 0.12 s and 0.13 s, respectively, illustrating the fast photogeneration process and recombination process for photo-excited electron-hole pairs. And, the R is 1.96×10–4 mA/W, owing to the development of space charge region across the interface of GaN thin film and (BA)2PbI4 thin film. The outcomes of this study unequivocally demonstrate the extensive potential and wide-ranging applicability of self-powered UV photodiodes based on the GaN/(BA)2PbI4 heterojunction configuration. Moreover, this research presents a new concept that provides a novel avenue to the ongoing development of intelligent optoelectronic systems.
Platanlønn, Acer pseudoplatanus, 1948-2023
Authors: Sømoe Kjetil
Published: December 2023

Dette essayet inngår i et kunstnerisk utviklingsarbeid der jeg har tatt utgangspunkt i erfaringene mine fra hogst, tre- og metallsløyd, friluftsliv, fotografering og mørkeromsarbeid for å utforske følgende problemstilling: Hvordan kan et dypøkologisk perspektiv på egen skapende praksis med å fotografere, felle og bearbeide et tre bidra til å forstå følelsen av vemod som følger dette arbeidet? Det skapende arbeidet har bestått i fotografering, felling og bearbeiding av den store platanlønna som tittelen viser til. Et av fotografiene fremkalte jeg på en stor planke som jeg skar ut av stammens tykkeste del. Denne planken ble stilt ut sammen med en bronseplakett jeg støpte der det står Platanlønn, Acer pseudoplatanus, 1948-2023, 59.862785°N 5.562311°Ø, omgitt av fotografier av platanlønnas egne frø og trærne som var platanlønnas nærmeste naboer. Fem korte tekster som representerer ulike innganger til problemstillingen ble presentert sammen med bildene, og det er disse tekstene som er utviklet videre i dette essayet. Prosjektet er inspirert av uttrykk innen litteratur og billedkunst som tematiserer miljøødeleggelse og menneskets forhold til naturen. Sammen med Roland Barthes’ tanker om fotografiet som tegn og Arne Næss’ relasjonelle forståelse av selvet, har disse utfordret meg som sløydlærer til å tenke nytt om min egen praksis som skapende med treet som materiale.
Equal Pay and Employment in Serbia During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ognjenović Kosovka
Published: December 2023

Introduction and objectives: Before the COVID-19 pandemic, Serbia belonged to the group of post-transition countries that were determined to reduce gender inequalities in the labour market through an improved institutional framework and measures to promote women's employment. However, the gender wage gap remains significant. This paper uses data from the Survey on Income and Living Conditions to examine the gender wage gap in Serbia. Methods: The estimates of the stochastic frontier model were obtained using the maximum likelihood estimation method. Results: The results indicate a statistically significant gender wage gap, showing that women on average have a log hourly wage 0.109 and 0.098 lower than men in 2019 and 2020, respectively. The labour market shows similar efficiency of employees. Conclusion: It is predicted that women are paid less than men, even after controlling for the observed factors. Comparing this with the results of previous studies, it can be concluded that the COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to a slight worsening of gender inequalities in the Serbian labour market. Implications and research limitation: Women's financial vulnerability can be exacerbated by leaving the workforce, taking up part-time employment or working in a job with lower benefits. The latter position of women in the labour market or their recognition as potential beneficiaries by pension and social security systems are two ways in which this has practical implications for the public policy. Similar research using data from the post-COVID-19 period would be of great value in assessing changes in women's position in the labour market.
RELACIÓN ENTRE AUTOCUIDADO Y ESTIGMA ASOCIADO A LA DIABETES TIPO 2 EN ADULTOS MEXICANOS
Authors: Jiménez-González Yuridia , Rodríguez-Santamaría Yari , Juárez-Medina Liliana Leticia , Mendoza-Catalán Geu , Alarcón-Luna Nohemí Selene , Juárez-De Llano Alma Leticia
Published: December 2023

INTRODUCCIÓN: La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 es una enfermedad metabólica de alta prevalencia en México; donde el autocuidado es fundamental para mejorar las condiciones de salud. Un concepto que influye negativamente en la salud es el estigma, el cual relacionado a la diabetes se refiere a ser tratado de manera diferente, aislado o excluido por su condición. OBJETIVO: Determinar la relación entre el autocuidado y el estigma asociado a la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en adultos mexicanos. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio transversal y correlacional. La población de interés fueron adultos con diabetes tipo 2; la muestra fueron 219 participantes a través de un muestreo por conveniencia. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron Summary of Diabetes Self-Care y Diabetes Stigma Assesment Scale. RESULTADOS: Las conductas de autocuidado tuvieron un promedio de 36,97, la dieta tuvo la mayor puntuación ( = 15,40), mientras que el ejercicio y el automonitoreo son las actividades con menor cumplimiento. El estigma tuvo una = 30,39, y la subescala de culpa asociada a la diabetes fue más frecuente entre las mujeres (p =0,039). No hubo relación entre las actividades de autocuidado y el estigma asociado a la diabetes (rs = 0,075, p= 0,270). CONCLUSIÓN: Es necesario considerar la importancia del estigma en el manejo de las enfermedades crónicas, centrando las intervenciones en las fortalezas de la persona, propiciar el diálogo y externar sus necesidades para brindar una mejor atención.
Stem electrical potential variations may aid in the early detection of drought stress in fruit-bearing trees
Authors: Gil Pilar , Vargas Ana I.
Published: December 2023

Electrical plant signaling as a variation potential (VP) occurs in response to a wide range of stimuli, and it is associated with the induction of sudden changes in xylem pressure. Additionally, there is evidence that electrical potential (EP) of plants changes with changing soil water content. Therefore, the use of EP as a direct plant measurement of plant water status may have potential as water stress monitoring information. EP measurements within plant stems indirectly correlate with sap flow (SF), which is one possible variable for estimating plant water use. However, whether this relationship is stable under drought conditions is not known. The present work investigated the relationships between SF and EP variations during an 18-day drought period on three avocado trees to test the hypothesis that the relationships between SF and EP may be lost due to drought intensity. The results showed that short-term variations in EP were positively associated with vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and SF variations but negatively associated with soil water content (SWC). An increase in VP emissions was observed as drought advanced, which was negatively associated with stem water potential (SWP). After 18 days of drought, irrigation almost completely suppressed short-term variations in EP. The present work provides preliminary results that strongly suggest a relationship between drought stress and EP variations in plant stems. Further research is needed to confirm whether the EP trends observed during drought are due to cavitation events and emission of VP signals and/or linked to other physiological processes, e.g., pH changes in response to drought or embolism. Meanwhile, the present work indicates that short-term variations in EP (dEP) are strongly associated with the intensity of drought stress, thus stem electrical potential variations may aid in the early detection of drought stress in fruit-bearing trees.
Dios, experiencia e “interioridad” en la fenomenología de Edith Stein: ¿Es legítimo creer en una presencia divina real como objeto de la experiencia religiosa, si es igualmente legítimo dudar de la naturaleza divina de dicho objeto?
Authors: Savian Filho Juvenal
Published: December 2023

Al describir la experiencia religiosa, Edith Stein permite comprender no sólo su análisis de esta vivencia singular, sino también el sentido de su propia fenomenología. Aceptando la sugerencia de su amigo Roman Ingarden de establecer un paralelo entre el tratamiento dado a la “realidad” del “mundo” y el tratamiento dado al “objeto” de la experiencia religiosa, Edith Stein deja claro que, si es racionalmente legítimo creer en un ser divino como objeto de experiencia, también es metodológicamente legítimo dudar de la naturaleza divina de cualquier objeto de experiencia. Debido a su esencia sobrenatural, la Realidad Trascendente, Dios, hace que su experiencia no necesite pruebas, lo que serviría de base para el paralelo con la afirmación de la “realidad” u “objetividad” del “mundo”. Sin embargo, esta problemática no podrá ser tratada en los términos del así llamado “debate idealismo versus realismo”; y, específicamente en lo que respecta a la descripción de la experiencia religiosa, esta solo será auténtica si aborda su objeto o substancia como atributo de una experiencia.
AN EVALUATION ON BIG DATA, EMOTIONS, LANGUAGE AND ETHICS
Authors: Kuru Seyma , Basbug Firat , Andic Sezin
Published: December 2023

As a result of human-machine interaction, big data of gigantic size, high speed and variety contributes to the development of many new disciplines for social science research due to its potential to collect, organise and analyse information. This discipline, called psycho-informatics, uses computer science to predict human emotions, thoughts and behaviours. In the current century, where technology touches every aspect of life, the use of the internet enables people to access unlimited information very quickly, as well as creating unlimited information by leaving traces in the digital world. Today, when we look at the studies in this field, it is seen that in the international literature, there are mostly studies on predicting individuals' personality traits; smartphone, social media and internet usage behaviours; psychological health and problematic behaviours. While the present study aims to draw attention to psycho-informatics, a brief overview of psycho-informatics is presented and ethical problems that may arise are discussed. It seems to be a priority for researchers working in fields such as psychology, linguistics and computer sciences to be informed about the basic ethical standards in order to carry out joint studies and to carry out healthy studies.
К СТОЛЕТИЮ ПЛАНЕТАРИЯ: МИССИЯ И ПРОБЛЕМЫ, "Земля и Вселенная"
Authors: Лобанов А.В. , Язев С.А.
Published: December 2023

Сто лет тому назад, в 1922 году, немецкая фирма «Карл Цейсс» представила миру первый аппарат планетарий, демонстрирующий на внутренней поверхности полусферического купола иллюзию звездного неба. В течение века были созданы несколько поколений аппаратов «планетарий», переживших в начале XXI века технологическую революцию. Изменялись, непрерывно расширяясь, функции и опции планетариев. Эволюционировало и само понятие планетария – это не только аппарат, но и учреждение, помещение, вид шоу. Что же такое планетарий, какова его миссия в современной цивилизации, каковы его проблемы
«ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЕ СЛАБОЙ РУКИ» Краткая история планетариев, "Земля и Вселенная"
Authors: Фесенко А.В.
Published: December 2023

Статья посвящена истории происхождения и эволюции аппаратов, называемых «планетарий». Идея воспроизведения движений небесных явлений очень древняя и первые приборы – научные и просто демонстрационные – появились в эпоху Античности. С развитием астрономических знаний, сменой систем мира и мировоззренческих представлений усложнялись и планетарии, и, как следствие, перед ними ставились все более сложные цели и задачи.
ВОДОРОДНАЯ ЭНЕРГЕТИКА И ПРОБЛЕМЫ ЕЁ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ, "Энергия: экономика, техника, экология"
Authors: АРУТЮНОВ В.С.
Published: December 2023

Водородная энергетика широко обсуждается как один из инструментов снижения антропогенного воздействия на наблюдаемые климатические процессы. При этом часто недооцениваются трудности, связанные с масштабами современной энергетики, производством водорода, возможностями его долговременного хранения и транспортировки, его потребительскими свойствам. Представлен анализ существующих проблем, без предварительного решения которых обсуждение перспектив глобальной водородной энергетики лишено практического смысла.
Quality and Image Processing Analysis versus Radiation Dose in Hip Radiographic Examinations
Authors: Claus V. T.  , Baumhardt T.  , De Mello S.  , Soares F. A.
Published: December 2023

Aims: Evaluate the quality and processing of images in hip radiographic examinations.

Study Design: Six combinations of exposure techniques commonly used in clinical practice were used, keeping the voltage (kVp) value constant, varying only the current and time relationship (mA.s).

Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the Radiodiagnosis Laboratory of the Radiology and Medical Physics graduation courses at the Franciscan University (UFN), as part of the research developed during the Image Processing course in the second semester of 2023.

Methodology: Image acquisition and radiation dose measurement were performed using clinical radiographic equipment and a model resembling hip anatomy, along with a dosimetric system to quantify radiation dose at the entrance surface (ESAK). The captured images were digitized through a computerized radiography (CR) system, enabling quantitative analysis using histograms and Regions of Interest (ROI) in anatomical structures relevant for diagnosis. Signal and noise values were evaluated, allowing the determination of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and radiographic contrast (CR).

Results: The results revealed significant differences among the various techniques employed. Some images displayed lower SNR, ranging from 8.14% to 15.60%, yet with higher CR, varying between 5.48% and 22.29%. Remarkably, one technique (70 kVp with 16 mA.s) demonstrated the best cost-benefit relationship, reducing radiation exposure by 48.7% (from 6.32 to 3.24 mGy) with minimal reduction in SNR, less than 10%, and a 5.47% increase in CR.

Conclusion: These findings highlight the importance for radiology professionals seeking imaging techniques that guarantee high diagnostic quality with minimal patient exposure. Prioritizing safer and more effective radiological practices is essential for delivering quality healthcare services.
Growth and Instability Analysis of Sugar Exports from India
Authors: Bhopala Upasana D. , Faldu S. M. , Dhandhalya M. G.
Published: December 2023

Aims: To work out growth trends and instability in export of sugar and jaggery from India

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Agricultural Economics, Junagadh Agricultural University (between June 2018 and July 2020).

Methodology: The present study focused on analyzing the growth and instability in sugar and jaggery export quantity, value and unit value as well for the period from 1996-97 to 2005-06. Exponential growth model and Cuddy-Della index used for growth and instability analysis, respectively.

Results: study results indicate a notable annual growth rate in sugar export from India, specifically at 17.42, 23.44 and 5.13 per cent for quantity, value and unit value, respectively during the time span from1996-97 to 2018-19. Similarly, jaggery export also followed a comparable trend However, the export of both sugar and jaggery exhibited high volatility, attributed to low production levels during years of scarcity.

Conclusion: The potential for expanding sugar and jaggery exports is considerable, contingent upon enhancing quality to meet the specific requirements of importing nations. Jaggery, renowned for its nutritional value, warrants increased domestic consumption, thereby contributing to the augmentation of sugarcane farm income.
Biofortified Vermicompost Mediated Induced Resistance Response in Tomato against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici
Authors: Bisen Kartikay , Pal Ravikesh Kumar , Silas Vinay J.
Published: December 2023

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a widely cultivated and versatile fruit. Tomato production faces various constraints, both biotic and abiotic stresses. Fusarium wilt, caused by the soil-borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, is a devastating disease that affects tomato plants worldwide, causing significant economic losses in tomato cultivation. Inthis study the potential use of biofortified vermicompost for wilt management was investigated. The biological control agents viz. Trichoderma harzianum, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis were used to fortified the vermicpompost. The study monitored various antioxidants, plant growth indicators, and disease rates across designated treatments at different intervals. The findings revealed substantial differences: tomato plants treated with biofortified vermicompost showed notable reductions in disease occurrence, improved growth, increased yields, and heightened antioxidant activity compared to the control. Among these treatments, the most remarkable outcomes were observed in plants treated with T. harzianum fortified vermicompost, exhibiting the highest recorded values across the parameters studied. Data revealed that the Tomato plants treated with vermicompost fortified with Trichoderma showed maximum root length (14.95 cm) after 15 days of sowing followed by T-2 (11.25 cm) and T-3 (9.85 cm). Maximum dry weight was observed in plants treated with vermicompost fortified with Trichoderma. Maximum PAL, PO and PPO activity was recorded in leaves from plant grown in vermicompost fortified with T. harzianum (T1) at 48 h followed by T2, T3 and T4. The findings revealed tomato plants treated with biofortified vermicompost showed notable reductions in disease occurrence, improved growth, increased yields, and higher accumulation of defense enzyme activity compared to the control.
Studies of Farmer Participatory on Machine Transplanting of Rice
Authors: P. Spandana Bhatt. P.  , Reddy P. Raghu Rami , Varma N. R. G. , Babu T. K. , Kumar Parimal
Published: December 2023

Front line demonstration on machine transplanting of rice were organised in Telangana state. A total of 20 Front Line demonstrations were organized in 20 ha. Best management practices of Rice production were demonstrated for getting higher net returns in both machine transplanted rice and manual transplanted rice. The demonstrations got yield of 6874 kg/ha. The manual transplanting recorded an average of 6530 kg/ha. Average cost of cultivation, gross returns, net returns and benefit cost ratio of machine transplanted rice was recorded as Rs. 49474/ha, 13090/ha, 81435/ha and 2.7 respectively over the manual transplanting Rs.54138/ha, Rs.124528/ha, Rs.70391 and 2.3. Machine transplanting of rice is the successful technology for reaping higher returns to overcome labour shortage and for timely transplanting.
Assessment of Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance for Quantitative Traits in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)
Authors: Kumar Rahul , Prakash Satya , Singh Jagraj , Kumar Siddharth , Singh Dharmendra Bahadur , Gautam Prashant , Ali Imran
Published: December 2023

Twenty-one genotypes of potato were carried out in Randomized Block Design with three replications during Rabi season 2020-21 at Horticulture Research Center of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut (U.P.). Eleven characters were included in the present investigation to study the variability, heritability, and genetic advance in potato. The analysis of variance was recorded highly significant difference between the genotypes for all eleven traits under studies. The estimates the coefficient of variation relieved that magnitude of phenotypic coefficient of variation was higher than genotypic coefficient of variation for all the characters. High estimates of phenotypic as well as genotypic coefficient of variation were observed in case of length of internodes (cm), followed by plant height, tuber yield plant-1, number of stem plant-1, number of nodes at 30 DAP, number of tubers plant-1. Heritability estimates, as well as genetic progression, were found to be more important than heritability in predicting the outcome of selecting the best individual. High estimates of heritability (h2) (>80%) were recorded for tuber yield plant-1, followed by number of leaves at 60 DAP, number of nodes at 60 DAP, plant height (cm), number of nodes at 30 DAP, tuber size (cm), length of internodes (cm), number of tubers plant-1, number of stem plant-1, number of leaves at 30 DAP. The highest value of genetic advance in percent of mean (>20%) was exhibited for length of internodes (cm), plant height, tuber yield plant-1, number of stem plant-1, number of nodes at 30 DAP, number of tubers plant-1, number of leaves at 60 DAP, number of nodes at 60 DAP, tuber size (cm).
Evaluation of Blackgram Genotypes for their Drought Tolerance at Seedling and Vegetative Phase
Authors: Prasad V. B. R. , Sumathi A. , Senthil A. , Rajasekar R.
Published: December 2023

Aim: To screen and identify blackgram genotypes for drought tolerance at seedlings and vegetative stage.

Study Design:  Completely randomized complete block design.

Place of Study: National Pulses Research Centre (NPRC), Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Vamban, Pudukkottai District.

Methodology: Laboratory experiments was conducted at NPRC, Vamban. Twenty-Five blackgram varieties were used for this study. For screening at seedling stage, the treatments were T1 - Control – Water (0 Mpa) and T2 - PEG 6000 induced drought stress (-0.5 MPa). Blackgram seeds were germinated in water and PEG 6000 solution (-0.5 MPa).  On the eighth day various seedling growth indices were recorded. For pot culture experiments, the two treatments were imposed T1 – Control and T2 – Drought stress (50% Field capacity) after the appearance of two trifoliate leaves by gravimetric approach. The stress was imposed for five days. At the end of fifth day, growth parameters, relative water content and leaf chlorophyll content was recorded. Two-way ANOVA was used to analyze the data.

Results: In blackgram, drought stress at seedling stage affects the seedling germination, establishment and its growth indices. At vegetative stage, drought stress negatively affects the plant growth, leaf area, leaf relative water content and chlorophyll content. Among the blackgram genotypes screened, the genotypes VBG 11031 and VBG 1711 were found to be tolerant to PEG 6000 induced drought stress at seedling stage. At vegetative stage, the genotypes VBG 11062, VBG 11024 and VBG 1725 were tolerant to drought stress at vegetative stage.

Conclusion: Present study concluded that the blackgram genotypes VBG 11031, VBG 1711, VBG 11062, VBG 11024 and VBG 1725 were found to be tolerant to drought stress at seedling and vegetative stage.
Water Quality Effects on Survival and Weight of Tank-Raised African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus, Burchell, 1822) Fed Commercial and Farm-made Feeds
Authors: Nindum Sulem Yong Nina , Tchiedjo Marie Laure D.  , Boudem Tsane Cecile R.  , Essoh Etouke Adrien M.  , Noudjio Claude K.  , Steve Yong-Sulem , Kingsley Etchu A. , Moïse Nola , Zebaze Togouet Serge H.
Published: December 2023

The present study was carried out to assess the effect of water quality on survival and weight of tank-raised Clarias gariepinus fed with commercial and farm-made feeds. Nine hundred juveniles (15.15± 3.48g; 128.366± 9.67mm) were stocked in 09 IBC (Intermediate Bulk Container) tanks (1m3 each) at a density of 100 fish/tank and fed with imported (Le), locally pelleted (Lpe) and locally extruded (Lex) feeds thrice a day for 16 weeks. Water quality parameters (water temperature, suspended particles, turbidity, colour, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, pH, dissolved oxygen, nitrates, nitrites, ammonia and phosphates) were measured every fortnightly using standard methods. Survivals were determined from the initial and final counts of studied fish and body weight was determined biweekly using a sensitive electronic balance. Regardless of dietary treatments and rearing period, studied water parameters did not differ significantly (p>0.05) except for Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), pH and nitrites (p<0.05). The study also revealed that all the parameters were within acceptable or desirable ranges for fish farming except for dissolved oxygen and ammonia which were below (<3mg/l) and above (>0.05mg/l) optimal recommended ranges respectively. In addition, water temperature, turbidity, total dissolved solids, pH and ammonia had a significant effect (p<0.05) on the survival and weight of African catfish. The study concluded that dissolved oxygen and ammonia could have detrimental effects on studied fish growth. However, the fact that the studied fish were exposed short term in holding water as an exchange of water was carried out every day and a complete exchange every fortnightly with well oxygenated water, significantly contributed in reducing the abnormal contents of dissolved oxygen and ammonia. This implies that if best management practices are respected, the studied feeds will not deteriorate holding tank waters and thus not affect fish productivity.
Spatiotemporal Tracking of Near‐Infrared Fluorescent Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes inC. ElegansNematodes Confined in a Microfluidics Platform
Authors: Sharaga Edward , Hendler‐Neumark Adi , Kamber Dotan , Bisker Gili
Published: December 2023

Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) nematodes are a powerful model organism for diverse biological and biomedical studies, benefiting from their genetic similarities to humans, small size, and transparency. However, fluorescence imaging ofC. eleganscan be challenging due to the strong autofluorescence in the visible range, which obscures the signal of common fluorescent proteins or dyes. Single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) fluoresce in the near‐infrared (NIR) range, where there is no autofluorescence background. Herein, a platform is developed for in vivo NIR imaging ofC. elegansgastrointestinal tract using biocompatible SWCNTs functionalized by single‐stranded DNA or phospholipid‐polyethylene glycol (PEG). The SWCNTs serve as fluorescent tracking probes within the worm gut, following internalization along with food intake. A microfluidic confinement device is employed to ensure an anesthetics‐free feeding environment, allowing spatiotemporal control over the SWCNTs intake imaging. Furthermore, improvements in spectral colocalization, real‐time detection of intracorporeal SWCNT dynamics, and digestive trajectory tracking are demonstrated. Owing to the unique optical properties of SWCNTs and the confinement of the worms in the microfluidics system, the proposed platform facilitates advanced in vivo imaging ofC. elegansin both the visible and NIR regions, opening numerous avenues for advancing research ofC. elegansand other microscopic model organisms.
Nanoporous Amorphous Carbon Monolayer Derived from Fullerene Film
Authors: He Meng , Ding Yehui , Liu Xue
Published: December 2023

Carbon materials derived from fullerene are reported recently with unique structures and properties. However, only micrometer size samples can be obtained that limits the studying and exploration for membrane applications. Here, the preparation of a centimeter‐size nanoporous amorphous carbon monolayer is reported by rapid pyrolyzing a Langmuir–Blodgett film of fullerene. The sample is fully characterized and the results indicate that the amorphous carbon monolayer derived from fullerene is metastable and insulating. The ionic transmembrane transport study demonstrates that the membrane is porous and cation selective with a selectivity of 26%. This work provides new insights into the controlled synthesis of large‐size metastable amorphous carbon monolayer.
The introduction of Mn component improves the selectivity of NO adsorption separation in simulated flue gas of Co‐MOF‐74 at ambient conditions
Authors: Li Hao , Li Lei , Mu Yile , Hu Jie , Ruan Le , Tang Fushun
Published: December 2023

Synthesized of bimetallic Mn0.17Co0.83‐MOF‐74 via the solvent‐thermal method, which retained the same structure as that of monometallic MOF‐74, and the two metals were uniformly dispersed in the crystals of Mn0.17Co0.83‐MOF‐74. The introduction of Mn gave the Mn0.17Co0.83‐MOF‐74 a higher pore number than the monometallic MOF‐74, exposing more accessible metal active sites, and the in situ IR demonstrated that NO adsorption on Mn0.17Co0.83‐MOF‐74 was modelled as the linear adsorption of metal‐centred Co (II)⸱⸱⸱NO and Mn (II)⸱⸱⸱NO, with strong interactions of adsorbed NO with both metal sites, suggesting that the introduction of Mn provided new accessible metal adsorption sites for NO that increased the adsorption of NO. The NO adsorption capacity of bimetallic Mn0.17Co0.83‐MOF‐74 was significantly increased to 160.3 cc.g−1 at ambient conditions, and the adsorption selectivity of NO/CO2 achieved 397, which was 37% higher than monometallic Co‐MOF‐74, and 214% higher than Mn‐MOF‐74 at low pressure. Furthermore, when exposed to a simulated mixed atmosphere, the Mn0.17Co0.83‐MOF‐74 exhibited a NO/CO2 adsorption selectivity of 35.5 and demonstrated favourable recyclability. These findings indicated that the bimetallic Mn0.17Co0.83‐MOF‐74 outperforms traditional materials in the adsorption separation of flue gas NO, positioning it as a material of choice in this field.
Mechanosensing in Metabolism
Authors: Tranter John D. , Kumar Ashutosh , Nair Vinayak K. , Sah Rajan
Published: December 2023

Electrical mechanosensing is a process mediated by specialized ion channels, gated directly or indirectly by mechanical forces, which allows cells to detect and subsequently respond to mechanical stimuli. The activation of mechanosensitive (MS) ion channels, intrinsically gated by mechanical forces, or mechanoresponsive (MR) ion channels, indirectly gated by mechanical forces, results in electrical signaling across lipid bilayers, such as the plasma membrane. While the functions of mechanically gated channels within a sensory context (e.g., proprioception and touch) are well described, there is emerging data demonstrating functions beyond touch and proprioception, including mechanoregulation of intracellular signaling and cellular/systemic metabolism. Both MR and MS ion channel signaling have been shown to contribute to the regulation of metabolic dysfunction, including obesity, insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion, and inflammation. This review summarizes our current understanding of the contributions of several MS/MR ion channels in cell types implicated in metabolic dysfunction, namely, adipocytes, pancreatic β‐cells, hepatocytes, and skeletal muscle cells, and discusses MS/MR ion channels as possible therapeutic targets. © 2024 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol14:5269‐5290, 2024.
“Raji'sBurden”
Authors: Murray Soraya
Published: December 2023

This article uses a visual culture studies approach to examine how video games invoking non‐Western cultural specificities face heightened pressures to completely and “authentically” represent their cultures. Focusing on the independent Indian video gameRaji: An Ancient Epic(Nodding Heads 2020) as a key example, I employ art historian Kobena Mercer's concept of the “burden of representation” to show how race, ethnicity, and gender intersect in this game. I argue that there is more at work here than a superficial re‐skinning of characters and game space to suit national tastes and aesthetics and thatRajienters into much larger and ongoing debates about the function of representation. Through deep reading and critical analysis ofRaji'scharacters and spaces, I provide a context for its role at the center of cultural and even political struggles. Ultimately, I show what representational stakes are revealed when a video game is overburdened with the responsibility of standing in for a whole culture, and why such interventions matter.
Antagonistic regulation of homeologous uncx.L and uncx.S genes orchestrates myotome and sclerotome differentiation in the evolutionarily divergent vertebral column of Xenopus laevis
Authors: Sánchez Romel S. , Lazarte María A , Abdala Virginia S. L. , Sánchez Sara S.
Published: December 2023

In anurans, the vertebral column diverges widely from that of other tetrapods; yet the molecular mechanisms underlying its morphogenesis remain largely unexplored. In this study, we investigate the role of the homeologous uncx.L and uncx.S genes in the vertebral column morphogenesis of the allotetraploid frog Xenopus laevis. We initiated our study by cloning the uncx orthologous genes in the anuran Xenopus and determining their spatial expression patterns using in situ hybridization. Additionally, we employed gain‐of‐function and loss‐of‐function approaches through dexamethasone‐inducible uncx constructs and antisense morpholino oligonucleotides, respectively. Comparative analysis of the messenger RNA sequences of homeologous uncx genes revealed that the uncx.L variant lacks the eh1‐like repressor domain. Our spatial expression analysis indicated that in the presomitic mesoderm and somites, the transcripts of uncx.L and uncx.S are located in overlapping domains. Alterations in the function of uncx genes significantly impact the development and differentiation of the sclerotome and myotome, resulting in axial skeleton malformations. Our findings suggest a scenario where the homeologous genes uncx.L and uncx.S exhibit antagonistic functions during somitogenesis. Specifically, uncx.S appears to be crucial for sclerotome development and differentiation, while uncx.L primarily influences myotome development. Postallotetraploidization, the uncx.L gene in X. laevis evolved to lose its eh1‐like repressor domain, transforming into a “native dominant negative” variant that potentially competes with uncx.S for the same target genes. Finally, the histological analysis revealed that uncx.S expression is necessary for the correct formation of pedicles and neural arch of the vertebrae, and uncx.L is required for trunk muscle development.
Exploring Radial Asymmetry in MR Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Its Impact on the Interpretation of Glymphatic Mechanisms
Authors: Wright Adam M. , Wu Yu‐Chien , Chen Nan‐Kuei , Wen Qiuting
Published: December 2023

Background

Diffusion imaging holds great potential for the non‐invasive assessment of the glymphatic system in humans. One technique, diffusion tensor imaging along the perivascular space (DTI‐ALPS), has introduced the ALPS‐index, a novel metric for evaluating diffusivity within the perivascular space. However, it still needs to be established whether the observed reduction in the ALPS‐index reflects axonal changes, a common occurrence in neurodegenerative diseases.

Purpose

To determine whether axonal alterations can influence change in the ALPS‐index.

Study Type

Retrospective.

Population

100 participants (78 cognitively normal and 22 with mild cognitive impairments) aged 50–90 years old.

Field Strength/Sequence

3T; diffusion‐weighted single‐shot spin‐echo echo‐planar imaging sequence, T1‐weighted images (MP‐RAGE).

Assessment

The ratio of two radial diffusivities of the diffusion tensor (i.e., λ2/λ3) across major white matter tracts with distinct venous/perivenous anatomy that fulfill (ALPS‐tracts) and do not fulfill (control tracts) ALPS‐index anatomical assumptions were analyzed.

Statistical Tests

To investigate the correlation between λ2/λ3 and age/cognitive function (RAVLT) while accounting for the effect of age, linear regression was implemented to remove the age effect from each variable. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted on the residuals obtained from the linear regression. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results

λ2 was ~50% higher than λ3 and demonstrated a consistent pattern across both ALPS and control tracts. Additionally, in both ALPS and control tracts a reduction in the λ2/λ3 ratio was observed with advancing age (r = −0.39, r = −0.29, association and forceps tract, respectively) and decreased memory function (r = 0.24, r = 0.27, association and forceps tract, respectively).

Data Conclusions

The results unveil a widespread radial asymmetry of white matter tracts that changes with aging and neurodegeration. These findings highlight that the ALPS‐index may not solely reflect changes in the diffusivity of the perivascular space but may also incorporate axonal contributions.

Level of Evidence

3

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2
Analgesia in Transcutaneous Laryngeal Botulinum Toxin Injections: A Randomized Crossover Trial
Authors: Heyes Richard , Adler Charles H. , Yee Claire , Lott David G. , Karle William E.
Published: December 2023

Objectives

There is an absence of data in the literature regarding methods to improve the patient experience during the performance of awake in‐office laryngeal injections. This study sought to evaluate whether the use of local anesthetic or a vibrating instrument decreased overall pain experienced by patients with laryngeal dystonia, frequently referred to as spasmodic dysphonia (SD), undergoing transcervical botulinum toxin injections.

Methods

This was an unblinded, prospective randomized control trial with a crossover design where each patient received transcutaneous transcricothyroid injection of botulinum toxin with alternating use of no anesthesia, local anesthesia (2% lidocaine in 1:100,000 epinephrine), and vibrating instrument in three consecutive laryngeal injections to treat adductor SD. Patients were randomized to the order they received these treatments. Patients measured pain on a 0–10 visual analogue scale (VAS) and selected their preferred technique after receiving all three analgesic modalities.

Results

Thirty‐two patients completed the study. There was no statistically significant difference in pain between the three analgesic techniques (p = 0.38). The most preferred analgesic technique was the vibrating wand (44% (14/32)). Lidocaine was the second most preferred (37% (12/32)) and 19% (6/32) of patients preferred nothing. When combining the wand and nothing groups, 63% of patients preferred one of these two methods (95% exact CI: 44%–79%).

Conclusion

There was no statistically significant difference in median pain experienced by patients during laryngeal botulinum toxin injection between these different analgesic modalities. More than half of the patients selected a preference for a technique that did not include lidocaine. This data supports individualization of analgesia during transcutaneous laryngeal injections.

Level of Evidence

2 Laryngoscope, 134:2277–2281, 2024
Fabrication of electrically conductive interconnected microcellular thermoplastic elastomeric foam composite for absorption dominating electromagnetic interference shielding with ultra low reflection
Authors: Nayak Jasomati , Das Palash , Katheria Ankur , Giri Soumen , Banerji Pallab , Das Narayan Chandra
Published: December 2023

The elevated rates of electromagnetic radiation pollution, resulting from the growing need for wireless communication systems and electronic gadgets, have sparked interest in creating shielding materials that are lightweight, flexible, non‐corrosive, simply processable, and affordable. In this study, a collection of microcellular nanocomposites based on ethylene octane copolymer (EOC) were created utilizing Vulcan XC 72 conductive carbon black (VCB) by a dual mixing process involving both melt and solution mixing. A chemical blowing agent was utilized to induce the cellular architecture in the composite, resulting in its lightweight nature (maximum density of 0.65 g/cc). The composite foam, when loaded with 30 parts per hundred of volume (phr) of VCB, displays a conductive network and also achieves an electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding efficiency of 23.2 decibels (dB), satisfying commercial requirements. Furthermore, the findings indicated that the composite's cellular structure significantly influences the absorption‐dominated EMI shielding mechanism with an absorption rate of 89%–94% and a specific shielding effectiveness of 194 dBcm2/g within the frequency range of 8.2–12.4 GHz (X band). The foam composite also demonstrated as a thermal management system, with a maximum thermal conductivity of 0.3 W/mK. As a result, this lightweight, easily processable, electrical conductive EOC/VCB polymer composite foams are projected to be used as EMI shielding materials in electronics, cars, and packaging.

Highlights

Fabrication of lightweight microcellular Carbon black‐loaded EOC composite

Rheological, mechanical, and thermal properties of foam composites

The cell density filled composites reduces by the cellular foam structures

Carbon black pronouncedly enhanced the electrical conductivity of foam composite

An absorption‐dominated shielding effectiveness with ultra‐low reflection.