bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Machine-learning and mechanistic modeling of metastatic breast cancer after neoadjuvant treatment
Authors: Benzekry Sebastien , Mastri Michalis , Nicolò Chiara , Ebos John M. L.
Published: May 2024

Clinical trials involving systemic neoadjuvant treatments in breast cancer aim to shrink tumors before surgery while simultaneously allowing for controlled evaluation of biomarkers, toxicity, and suppression of distant (occult) metastatic disease. Yet neoadjuvant clinical trials are rarely preceded by preclinical testing involving neoadjuvant treatment, surgery, and post-surgery monitoring of the disease. Here we used a mouse model of spontaneous metastasis occurring after surgical removal of orthotopically implanted primary tumors to develop a predictive mathematical model of neoadjuvant treatment response to sunitinib, a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (RTKI). Treatment outcomes were used to validate a novel mathematical kinetics-pharmacodynamics model predictive of perioperative disease progression. Longitudinal measurements of presurgical primary tumor size and postsurgical metastatic burden were compiled using 128 mice receiving variable neoadjuvant treatment doses and schedules (released publicly at https://zenodo.org/records/10607753). A non-linear mixed-effects modeling approach quantified inter-animal variabilities in metastatic dynamics and survival, and machine-learning algorithms were applied to investigate the significance of several biomarkers at resection as predictors of individual kinetics. Biomarkers included circulating tumor- and immune-based cells (circulating tumor cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells) as well as immunohistochemical tumor proteins (CD31 and Ki67). Our computational simulations show that neoadjuvant RTKI treatment inhibits primary tumor growth but has little efficacy in preventing (micro)-metastatic disease progression after surgery and treatment cessation. Machine learning algorithms that included support vector machines, random forests, and artificial neural networks, confirmed a lack of definitive biomarkers, which shows the value of preclinical modeling studies to identify potential failures that should be avoided clinically.
Transcriptome profiles of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense in Malawi reveal focus specific gene expression profiles associated with pathology
Authors: Nambala Peter , Noyes Harry , Namulondo Joyce , Nyangiri Oscar , Alibu Vincent Pius , Nerima Barbara , MacLeod Annette , Matovu Enock , Musaya Janelisa , Mulindwa Julius ,   on behalf of the TrypanoGEN+ Research Group as Members of the H3Africa Consortium
Published: May 2024

Background

Sleeping sickness caused by Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense is a fatal disease and endemic in Southern and Eastern Africa. There is an urgent need to develop novel diagnostic and control tools to achieve elimination of rhodesiense sleeping sickness which might be achieved through a better understanding of trypanosome gene expression and genetics using endemic isolates. Here, we describe transcriptome profiles and population structure of endemic T. b. rhodesiense isolates in human blood in Malawi.

Methodology

Blood samples of r-HAT cases from Nkhotakota and Rumphi foci were collected in PaxGene tubes for RNA extraction before initiation of r-HAT treatment. 100 million reads were obtained per sample, reads were initially mapped to the human genome reference GRCh38 using HiSat2 and then the unmapped reads were mapped against Trypanosoma brucei reference transcriptome (TriTrypDB54_TbruceiTREU927) using HiSat2. Differential gene expression analysis was done using the DeSeq2 package in R. SNP calling from reads that were mapped to the T. brucei genome was done using GATK in order to identify T.b. rhodesiense population structure.

Results

24 samples were collected from r-HAT cases of which 8 were from Rumphi and 16 from Nkhotakota foci. The isolates from Nkhotakota were enriched with transcripts for cell cycle arrest and stumpy form markers, whereas isolates in Rumphi focus were enriched with transcripts for folate biosynthesis and antigenic variation pathways. These parasite focus-specific transcriptome profiles are consistent with the more virulent disease observed in Rumphi and a less symptomatic disease in Nkhotakota associated with the non-dividing stumpy form. Interestingly, the Malawi T.b. rhodesiense isolates expressed genes enriched for reduced cell proliferation compared to the Uganda T.b. rhodesiense isolates. PCA analysis using SNPs called from the RNAseq data showed that T. b. rhodesiense parasites from Nkhotakota are genetically distinct from those collected in Rumphi.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that the differences in disease presentation in the two foci is mainly driven by genetic differences in the parasites in the two major endemic foci of Rumphi and Nkhotakota rather than differences in the environment or host response.
Spatial network characteristics and economic effects of element flow in the Lanxi urban agglomeration
Authors: Zhao Lianchun , Yang Liu , Chang Xiaoyan
Published: May 2024

The spatial characteristics of element flow and its spillover are important topics in economics, sociology, and geography, and significant to the promotion of the coordinated development of urban agglomerations. To study element flow in the Lanxi urban agglomeration and its effect to economic development, the spatial network characteristics and economic spillover effect were studied using the methods of spatial network analysis, the spatial Durbin model, and spatial effect decomposition. The results showed that (1) the scale of element flow in the Lanxi urban agglomeration is in an unbalanced distribution state, the scale of element flow in Lanzhou and Xining is higher than that in surrounding cities, and the connection between surrounding cities is also higher than that between other cities; (2) the network structure of element flow in the Lanxi urban agglomeration is relatively intensive, with Lanzhou and Xining as the center of element concentration, which indicates an obvious ‘center periphery’ structure, and gradually spreads from the core area to the surrounding areas; and (3) the element concentration level of the Lanxi urban agglomeration has a significant positive spillover effect, which plays a significant role in driving the development of surrounding cities. Other factors, such as the social consumption level, have significant direct effects, whereas the industrial structure and residents’ income have significant direct and spillover effects, and are the main factors that affect the coordinated development of the regional economy.
Trainability of affordance judgments in right and left hemisphere stroke patients
Authors: Bauer Isabel , Finkel Lisa , Gölz Milena S. , Stoll Sarah E. M. , Liepert Joachim , Willmes Klaus , Randerath Jennifer
Published: May 2024

Whenever we are confronted with action opportunities in everyday life, e.g., when passing an opening, we rely on our ability to precisely estimate our own bodily capabilities in relation to the environmental conditions. So-called affordance judgments can be affected after brain damage. Previous studies with healthy adults showed that such judgments appeared to be trainable within one session. In the current study, we examined whether stroke patients with either right brain damage (n = 30) or left brain damage (n = 30) may similarly profit from training in an aperture task. Further, the role of neuropsychological deficits in trainability was investigated. In the administered task, stroke patients decided whether their hand would fit into a presented opening with varying horizontal width (Aperture Task). During one training session, patients were asked to try to fit their hand into the opening and received feedback on their decisions. We analyzed accuracy and the detection theory parameters perceptual sensitivity and judgment tendency. Both patients with right brain damage and patients with left brain damage showed improved performance during training as well as post training. High variability with differential profiles of trainability was revealed in these patients. Patients with impaired performance in a visuo-spatial or motor-cognitive task appeared to profit considerably from the target-driven action phase with feedback, but the performance increase in judgments did not last when the action was withdrawn. Future studies applying lesion analysis with a larger sample may shed further light on the dissociation in the trainability of affordance judgments observed in patients with versus without visuo-spatial or motor-cognitive deficits.
Discrimination and violence against women migrant workers in Thailand during the COVID-19 pandemic: A mixed-methods study
Authors: Chuemchit Montakarn , Linn Nyan , Han Chit Pyae Pyae , Lynn Zayar , Chernkwanma Suttharuethai , Taneepanichskul Nutta , Sirichokchatchawan Wandee , Somrongthong Ratana
Published: May 2024

Background

Women migrant workers are vulnerable to discrimination and violence, which are significant public health problems. These situations may have been intensified during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to investigate discrimination against women migrant workers in Thailand during the COVID-19 pandemic and its intersection with their experiences of violence and associated factors.

Methods

A mixed-methods study design was employed to collect data from 572 women migrant workers from Myanmar, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, and Cambodia. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 494 participants using a structured questionnaire for quantitative data, whereas qualitative data was collected through 24 in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with 54 migrant women. Simple and multiple logistic regression and content analysis were employed.

Results

This study found that about one in five women migrant workers experienced discrimination during the COVID-19 pandemic. Among those who experienced discrimination, 63.2% had experienced intimate partner violence and 76.4% had experienced non-intimate partner violence in their lifetime. The multivariable analysis revealed that women migrant workers who had experienced any violence (AOR = 2.76, 95% CI = 1.49, 5.12), lost their jobs or income during the pandemic (AOR = 3.99, 95% CI = 2.09, 7.62), and were from Myanmar (AOR = 4.68, 95% CI = 1.79, 12.21) were more likely to have experienced discrimination.

Conclusion

The results suggest that the intersection of discrimination and violence against women migrant workers in Thailand demands special interest to understand and address the problem. It is recommended that policymakers provide interventions and programs that are inclusive and responsive to the unique needs of women migrants depending on their country of origin and job profile.
PHF2 regulates sarcomeric gene transcription in myogenesis
Authors: Fukushima Taku , Hasegawa Yuka , Kuse Sachi , Fujioka Taiju , Nikawa Takeshi , Masubuchi Satoru , Sakakibara Iori
Published: May 2024

Myogenesis is regulated mainly by transcription factors known as Myogenic Regulatory Factors (MRFs), and the transcription is affected by epigenetic modifications. However, the epigenetic regulation of myogenesis is poorly understood. Here, we focused on the epigenomic modification enzyme, PHF2, which demethylates histone 3 lysine 9 dimethyl (H3K9me2) during myogenesis. Phf2 mRNA was expressed during myogenesis, and PHF2 was localized in the nuclei of myoblasts and myotubes. We generated Phf2 knockout C2C12 myoblasts using the CRISPR/Cas9 system and analyzed global transcriptional changes via RNA-sequencing. Phf2 knockout (KO) cells 2 d post differentiation were subjected to RNA sequencing. Gene ontology (GO) analysis revealed that Phf2 KO impaired the expression of the genes related to skeletal muscle fiber formation and muscle cell development. The expression levels of sarcomeric genes such as Myhs and Mybpc2 were severely reduced in Phf2 KO cells at 7 d post differentiation, and H3K9me2 modification of Mybpc2, Mef2c and Myh7 was increased in Phf2 KO cells at 4 d post differentiation. These findings suggest that PHF2 regulates sarcomeric gene expression via epigenetic modification.
Internet use and its association with physical activity among adolescents in Beni Municipality, Myagdi, Nepal
Authors: K. C. Shristi , Kaphle Hari Prasad , Neupane Nirmala , Baral Samjhana
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Adolescence is a critical phase marked by distinct health and developmental needs and rights. It represents a pivotal time for the acquisition of knowledge, skills, emotional regulations, and relationship management. However, a recent surge in internet usage among adolescents has been observed, leading to a concerning decline in physical activity. This study aims to evaluate the level of physical activity and its correlation with internet use among adolescents.

Materials and methods

A cross-sectional study, conducted within educational institutions in Beni, Nepal, utilized a self-structured questionnaire to collect data on physical activity levels and associated factors. The relationship between physical activity and independent variables was assessed through the chi-square test, and regression analysis was employed to quantify the strength of this association.

Results

The study revealed that 75.3% of adolescents (out of 385) exhibited inadequate physical activity levels. Notably, late adolescents were more susceptible to insufficient physical activity than their middle adolescent counterparts were. Adolescents from nuclear families (UOR = 2.689, C.I = 4.074–22.822), those with higher monthly family income (UOR = 3.318, C.I = 1.209–9.105), and individuals using Wi-Fi (UOR = 1.801, C.I = 1.117–2.904) demonstrated a higher likelihood of internet addiction. Moreover, these groups were more prone to engage in inadequate physical activity (UOR = 1.1740, C.I = 0.938–3.226) compared to their counterparts not addicted to the internet.

Conclusion

The study concludes that over two-thirds of adolescents were addicted to the Internet, and three-fourths were inadequately physically active, with late adolescents being more affected than middle adolescents. Inadequate physical activity was associated with various factors, including family type, monthly family income, monthly pocket money, father’s occupation, type of school, type of internet access, and Internet Addiction Test (IAT) score. Internet-addicted adolescents were found to be more likely to be physically inactive.
Comparison of the efficacy and complications of tolterodine and α-adrenergic receptor blockers in improving ureteral stent-related symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Ming , Liu Shangjing , Mao Qiancheng , Zou Qingsong , Cui Yuanshan , Wu Jitao
Published: May 2024

Objective

We conducted a systematic evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy and complications of tolterodine and α-adrenergic receptor blockers in alleviating ureteral stent-related symptoms.

Methods

Until August 2023, we conducted a comprehensive literature search on PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library to identify randomized controlled trials evaluating the efficacy and complications of tolterodine and α-adrenergic receptor blockers in treating ureteral stent-related symptoms. Two reviewers independently screened studies and extracted data. The scores from various domains of the Ureteral Stent Symptom Questionnaire (USSQ) were summarized and compared, and statistical analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4.0 software.

Results

A total of 8 studies met the inclusion criteria for our analysis. These studies were conducted at different centers. All studies were randomized controlled trials, involving a total of 487 patients, with 244 patients receiving α-adrenergic receptor blockers and 243 patients receiving tolterodine. The results showed that tolterodine demonstrated significantly better improvement in body pain (MD, 1.56; 95% CI [0.46, 2.66]; p = 0.005) (MD, 0.46; 95% CI [0.12, 0.80]; p = 0.008) (MD, 3.21; 95% CI [1.89, 4.52]; p = 0.00001) among patients after ureteral stent placement compared to α-adrenergic receptor blockers at different time points. Additionally, at 4 weeks, tolterodine showed superior improvement in general health (MD, 0.15; 95% CI [0.03, 0.27]; p = 0.01) and urinary symptoms (MD, 1.62; 95% CI [0.59, 2.66]; p = 0.002) compared to α-adrenergic receptor blockers, while at 6 weeks, tolterodine showed better improvement in work performance (MD, -1.60; 95% CI [-2.73, -0.48]; p = 0.005) compared to α-adrenergic receptor blockers. Additionally, the incidence of dry mouth (RR, 4.21; 95% CI [1.38, 12.87]; p = 0.01) is higher with the use of tolterodine compared to α-adrenergic receptor blockers. However, there were no significant statistical differences between the two drugs in other outcomes.

Conclusion

This meta-analysis suggests that tolterodine is superior to α-adrenergic receptor blockers in improving physical pain symptoms after ureteral stent placement, while α-adrenergic receptor blockers are more effective than tolterodine in enhancing work performance. Additionally, the incidence of dry mouth is higher with the use of tolterodine compared to α-adrenergic receptor blockers. However, higher-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to further investigate this issue.
Long-term, medium-term and acute stress response of urban populations of Eurasian red squirrels affected by different levels of human disturbance
Authors: Beliniak Agata , Gryz Jakub , Klich Daniel , Łopucki Rafał , Sadok Ilona , Ożga Kinga , Jasińska Karolina D. , Ścibior Agnieszka , Gołębiowska Dorota , Krauze-Gryz Dagny
Published: May 2024

Animals in urban areas often encounter novel and potentially stressful conditions. It is important to understand how wildlife cope with anthropogenic disturbance. To investigate this specific adaptation we live-trapped squirrels in two study sites in Warsaw: a forest reserve and an urban park and we estimated stress responses at three levels: long-term and medium-term stress (the level of stress hormones, i.e. cortisol and cortisone concentrations, in hair and feces) and acute reaction to human-induced stress (measured during handling with the aid of the three indices: breath rate, struggle rate, and vocalization). According to GLMM models no difference in the stress hormones level was found between the two populations. The only differences in cortisol concentrations clearly depended on the season, i.e. being higher in autumn and winter comparying to other seasons. There was no influence of sex, or reproductive status on stress hormones. Forest squirrels had significantly higher breath rates, suggesting they were more stressed by handling. There was no difference in the struggle rate between study areas, this index was mostly affected by season (i.e. being highest in winter). First-trapped squirrels vocalized less than during the subsequent trappings. Assumingly, during the first, and more stressful trapping, squirrels used ‘freezing’ and/or little vocalization, while during next captures they used alarm calls to warn conspecifics. Overall, we showed that the two squirrel populations differed only in terms of their breath rate. This suggests that they did not differ in medium-term and long-term stress in general, but they can differ in acute response to handling. This also suggests that both populations were similarly affected by environmental factors. The lack of clear effects may also be due to population heterogeneity. Thus, in order to assess the effects of anthropogenic stressors a broader range of indicators and diverse analytical methods, including behavioral analyses, should be employed.
Human-Derived collagen hydrogel as an antibiotic vehicle for topical treatment of bacterial biofilms
Authors: Jarman Evan , Burgess Jordan , Sharma Ayushi , Hayashigatani Kate , Singh Amar , Fox Paige
Published: May 2024

The complexity of chronic wounds creates difficulty in effective treatments, leading to prolonged care and significant morbidity. Additionally, these wounds are incredibly prone to bacterial biofilm development, further complicating treatment. The current standard treatment of colonized superficial wounds, debridement with intermittent systemic antibiotics, can lead to systemic side-effects and often fails to directly target the bacterial biofilm. Furthermore, standard of care dressings do not directly provide adequate antimicrobial properties. This study aims to assess the capacity of human-derived collagen hydrogel to provide sustained antibiotic release to disrupt bacterial biofilms and decrease bacterial load while maintaining host cell viability and scaffold integrity. Human collagen harvested from flexor tendons underwent processing to yield a gellable liquid, and subsequently was combined with varying concentrations of gentamicin (50–500 mg/L) or clindamycin (10–100 mg/L). The elution kinetics of antibiotics from the hydrogel were analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The gel was used to topically treat Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Clostridium perfringens in established Kirby-Bauer and Crystal Violet models to assess the efficacy of bacterial inhibition. 2D mammalian cell monolayers were topically treated, and cell death was quantified to assess cytotoxicity. Bacteria-enhanced in vitro scratch assays were treated with antibiotic-embedded hydrogel and imaged over time to assess cell death and mobility. Collagen hydrogel embedded with antibiotics (cHG+abx) demonstrated sustained antibiotic release for up to 48 hours with successful inhibition of both MRSA and C. perfringens biofilms, while remaining bioactive up to 72 hours. Administration of cHG+abx with antibiotic concentrations up to 100X minimum inhibitory concentration was found to be non-toxic and facilitated mammalian cell migration in an in vitro scratch model. Collagen hydrogel is a promising pharmaceutical delivery vehicle that allows for safe, precise bacterial targeting for effective bacterial inhibition in a pro-regenerative scaffold.
SEPARAÇÃO DOS PODERES, EQUILÍBRIO INSTITUCIONAL E O CONSTITUCIONALISMO MULTINÍVEL: A RELAÇÃO ENTRE O SUPREMO TRIBUNAL FEDERAL BRASILEIRO E AS INSTITUIÇÕES DO SISTEMA INTERAMERICANO DE DIREITOS HUMANOS
Authors: Hernandes Luiz Eduardo Camargo Outeiro , Piovesan Flávia
Published: May 2024

Contextualização: A presente pesquisa parte da hipótese segundo a qual o Supremo Tribunal Federal brasileiro pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento do constitucionalismo multinível na América Latina ao promover diálogos funcionais com a Comissão Interamericana de Direitos Humanos e com a Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos.
Objetivo: O objetivo do presente trabalho é estudar como Supremo Tribunal Federal Brasileiro pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento do constitucionalismo multinível na América Latina e fortalecer a rede e o sistema regional multinível de proteção dos direitos humanos.
Método: Como metodologia, realizou-se pesquisa empírica mediante às análises de conteúdos e de dados documentais coletados a partir de amostras e levantamento bibliográfico.
Resultados: os resultados atingidos com a pesquisa foram demonstrar a correção da hipótese e explicitar que foi no velho continente que as relações entre as funções governamentais sofreram abalos e necessitaram ser revisitadas em face das não adaptações tanto do modelo montesquiano, quanto do modelo americano à nova realidade oriunda da União Europeia. Para a reorganização das relações do triângulo institucional (Parlamento, Conselho e Comissão) na comunidade europeia, o Tribunal de Justiça da União Europeia utilizou-se do princípio do equilibro institucional. Nesse contexto, o constitucionalismo multinível traduz-se em uma abordagem que introduz a dimensão vertical do princípio do equilibro institucional e a função de proteção dos cidadãos, configurando restrição à governança multinível.
Palavras-chave: Separação dos Poderes; Equilíbrio Institucional; Constitucionalismo Multinível.
A COSMOPOLITIZAÇÃO DOS DIREITOS SOCIAIS EM SUA INTERAÇÃO COM O PARADIGMA DO DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL
Authors: Pires Teresinha Inês Teles
Published: May 2024

Contextualização: Os direitos sociais são direitos positivos, universais e exigíveis, vinculados aos princípios da igualdade e da não discriminação. A efetividade dos direitos sociais depende, portanto, da redução da pobreza e da disparidade econômica entre os povos. Com o agravamento da crise climática, os direitos sociais adquiriram um novo conteúdo normativo, a partir de sua intersecção com o paradigma do desenvolvimento sustentável.
Objetivo: Explicitar a efervescência normativa do desenvolvimento dos direitos sociais, bem como sua conexão a novos conceitos e modelos de efetividade jurídica no plano internacional.
Método: O estudo adotará o método de pesquisa qualitativa com uma abordagem indutiva.
Resultados: O estudo propõe que as reformas institucionais nos sistemas mundiais e supranacionais de direitos humanos, atualmente em discussão, em particular pela doutrina do direito cosmopolita, são fundamentais para a garantia dos direitos sociais e dos objetivos da Agenda 2030 das Nações Unidas.
REPUBLICANISMO E JUDICIALIZAÇÃO DA POLÍTICA: ANTÍDOTOS CONTRA O MAL-ESTAR DA SUPOSTA CRISE PARADIGMÁTICA
Authors: Matos Nelson Juliano Cardoso , Dettmam Deborah
Published: May 2024

Contextualização: O mal-estar com a judicialização da política está geralmente associado à suposta anomalia paradigmática relacionada ao princípio da separação de poderes. A rígida ou flexível divisão ou distribuição de poderes estaria sendo transgredida pela expansão do poder judiciário. Observou-se, entretanto, que a doutrina da separação de poderes, em muitos lugares, é muito mais herdeira da teoria antiga do governo misto do que de alguma teoria revolucionária de divisão rígida dos poderes. Essa recontextualização também reabilita o republicanismo como referencial de uma sociedade bem ordenada.
Objetivo: Este artigo objetiva analisar alguns desenhos institucionais republicanos propostos no final do século XX, especialmente aqueles que dão ou negam certo protagonismo ao órgão judicial. Pretende-se discutir em que medida a judicialização da política é, ou não, indício de uma anomalia da teoria da separação de poderes, a partir do paradigma republicano.
Método: A pesquisa utiliza o método dialético por ser problematizada a partir de estratégias de argumentação e revisão da doutrina clássica. Emprega-se a técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica para análise da literatura, comparação e confronto de conceitos, classificações e distinções.
Resultados: Desta pesquisa é possível aferir que a denominada “crise da separação de poderes” ou um corolário seu, a “judicialização da política”, não consistem propriamente de uma anomalia em relação ao desenho de equilíbrio entre executivo, legislativo e judiciário, mas como efeito do crescente domínio da retórica democrática sobre a doutrina do governo misto.
A comparative study between local application of 10% zinc oxide to a combination of 10% zinc oxide and tocopherol in treating infant’s diaper dermatitis
Authors: Mirle Nikhita , Rajan Aswathy , Soans Santosh T
Published: May 2024

Background Tocopherol is known to have an anti-inflammatory effect, thereby reducing erythema, edema, and skin irritation, which  are the main pathologies observed in diaper dermatitis.
Objective To compare the effect of local application of a combination of 10% zinc oxide and tocopherol in the treatment of infant diaper dermatitis with plain 10% zinc oxide.
Methods A single-centric, prospective interventional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital for 18 months where all children aged <1 year newly diagnosed with diaper dermatitis were selected. They were divided into two groups; one group received only 10% zinc oxide, while the other group received a combination of 10% zinc oxide and tocopherol for local application. Patients were assessed for rash dimensions, severity score of diaper dermatitis, and pH of the rash prior to starting treatment and at the end of 5 days. Statistical analysis was done using students paired two-tailed T-test.
Results Out of 115 infants with diaper dermatitis, 88 were included in our study. The decrease in rash dimensions was greater in the study group (P=0.004). A mean diaper dermatitis severity score of 1.96±0.76 cm in the study group was noted on day five of the assessment (P<0.001).
Conclusion The healing process in diaper dermatitis is  accelerated when a combination of 10% zinc oxide and tocopherol is used. This study supports the evidence of expediting healing by tocopherol, which can be considered in treatment recommendations  for diaper dermatitis.
Diagnostic value of clinical manifestations of Group A and Group B compared with rubella serology results in congenital rubella syndrome
Authors: Sulasmi Sulasmi , Dimiati Herlina , Andid Rusdi , Darussalam Dora , Thaib Teuku Muhammad , Anidar Anidar
Published: May 2024

Background Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) is the triad of defects/abnormalities in the heart, eyes, and ears, resulting from rubella virus infection, especially in the first trimester of pregnancy.  Manifestations of CRS are divided into Group A including: hearing loss, congenital heart disease, cataracts or glaucoma, and pigmentary; Group consisted of purpura, splenomegaly, microcephaly, mental retardation, retinopathy and icteric radiolucent bone disoreder that appears within 24 hours after birth. CRS diagnosis is based on serologic rubella test results. Comprehensive management of CRS is needed to achieve optimal child development. However, not all referral center hospitals in Indonesia have serological rubella examination modalities.
Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of group A and group B clinical manifestations compared to rubella serology results in the diagnosis of CRS.
Methods This cross-sectional study used secondary data from medical records of pediatric patients with suspected CRS who meet the criteria for groups A and B aged less than 12 months who had been hospitalized at  Dr. Zainoel Abidin Regional General Hospital, Banda Aceh, during the three-year study period (2019-2021) which have complete data were included in the  study. The  IgM serology results  were used as diagnostic comparison that performed at the age of less than 12 months.
Results A total of 126 patients met the inclusion criteria. Sixty-five (51.6%) subjects were male, 80 (63.5%) subjects had normal birth weight, and 89 (70.6%) subjects were aged <6 months. The diagnostic sensitivity for groups A, B, as well as A and B clinical manifestations were 100%, 75%, and 100%, respectively. This excellent sensitivity value suggests that the clinical manifestations of groups A and B would be suitable as screening tools because they could  “catch” many patients with suspected CRS.
Conclusion The clinical manifestations of group A and group B have excellent diagnostic value  as a screening tool for CRS.
RESSURREIÇÃO DIGITAL: A DISPOSIÇÃO DO DIREITO DE IMAGEM APÓS A MORTE NA INDÚSTRIA AUDIOVISUAL E SUAS REPERCUSSÕES JURÍDICAS
Authors: Mariz Laíse , Coelho Isadora Moura Fé Cavalcanti , Andrade Lilia de Sousa Nogueira
Published: May 2024

A ressurreição digital consiste no processo de criação de uma réplica virtual de uma pessoa já falecida para preservar sua presença após a morte e vem sendo utilizada no meio audiovisual, como forma de trazer pessoas célebres “de volta à vida” em filmes e campanhas publicitárias. Esta prática tem levantado questões éticas e legais e o presente artigo tem por finalidade analisar as implicações jurídicas da recriação digital de pessoas após o falecimento, examinar a tutela dos direitos de imagem post mortem, os direitos e obrigações dos herdeiros, os impactos na indústria audiovisual e a necessidade de regulamentação da prática.
INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL E ARTE: O MODELO CONCEITUAL DE REDES ADVERSÁRIAS GENERATIVAS NO PROCESSO CRIATIVO DE ARTE PARA JOGOS DIGITAIS
Authors: Valentim Jefferson , Bezerra Ed Porto
Published: May 2024

A interação entre a Inteligência Artificial (IA) e a arte mostrou-se uma área promissora no contexto do processo criativo contemporâneo. Neste artigo, explorou-se como o modelo de redes adversárias generativas (GAN) poderia contribuir na construção de assets em duas dimensões (2D) para artistas de jogos digitais. Para atingir esse objetivo, realizou-se uma revisão da literatura e um estudo de caso com assets 2D do jogo Axie Infinity. Descobriu-se, por meio da pesquisa, que o modelo sintetizava novas imagens que se situavam nas características e traços similares aos do grupo de dados usado no treinamento do modelo. Isso significa que as GANs podem ser utilizadas para inspirar novos assets, criar novas imagens e serem aplicadas diretamente nos jogos digitais.
DILEMAS CONTEMPORÂNEOS DA INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL: NARRATIVA, ÉTICA E EMOÇÃO NO COMERCIAL “VOLKSWAGEN 70 ANOS GERAÇÕES”
Authors: Gabellini Laryssa , Vieira Filho Maurício João , Procópio Mariana Ramalho
Published: May 2024

A inteligência artificial (IA) tem gerado discussões sobre limites éticos e como as narrativas são construídas com textos, áudios e imagens que, por vezes, são inventados ou apropriados de propriedades intelectuais. Nesse desenvolvimento midiático e plataformizado, o comercial de 70 anos da Volkswagen (VW) acende questões sobre o uso da IA e os contextos em que é empregada. A partir da perspectiva metodológica indiciária, objetiva-se discutir como as narrativas da IA trazem implicações para as plataformas digitais, as questões éticas e a mobilização das emoções.
EMOÇÕES NA ERA DA IA: A INTERSECÇÃO DA NEUROCIÊNCIA E INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL GENERATIVA
Authors: Lopes Alessandra Hypolita Valle Silva , Duque-Pereira Ives da Silva
Published: May 2024

Esse artigo examina intersecções entre Inteligência Artificial Generativa e emoções humanas, questionando a capacidade das máquinas de replicar e compreender emoções. As emoções têm sido diferenciadoras entre humanos e máquinas, porém, avanços na IA têm desafiado essa noção. Enquanto a IA Generativa cria sistemas capazes de gerar conteúdos e simulações emocionais, a neurociência revela mecanismos cerebrais subjacentes às emoções, com destaque para os estudos de António Damásio. A pesquisa se baseia em revisão bibliográfica qualitativa sobre emoções, interconexão entre razão, cognição e tomada de decisões, buscando compreensão das emoções no contexto da IA e neurociência, aspectos técnicos, éticos e filosóficos
IMAGENS CALCULADAS: A NATUREZA ALGORÍTMICA DA FOTOGRAFIA
Authors: Souza e Silva Wagner
Published: May 2024

Como imagem técnica (Vilém Flusser), a fotografia pode ser definida como um fenômeno fortemente amparado pelo cálculo, aspecto que vem sendo propulsionado pelas atuais tecnologias digitais de produção e circulação de imagens. Pontuando algumas características de sua dimensão numérica constitutiva, este texto propõe reunir subsídios para considerar uma natureza algorítmica própria à fotografia.
Importância da Educação Ambiental na Sustentabilidade do Meio Ambiente
Authors: Andreza Marli Nascimento dos Santos , Rats Joselania Gonçalves Brito , Diniz Cicera Lais Ferreira , Oliveira Genilda Ribeiro , Dantas José Vauyres da Silva , Santana Willma José de , Gonçalves Roberta Lins
Published: May 2024

A Educação Ambiental é um importante mecanismo de transformação do ser humano para promover o desenvolvimento do pensamento crítico e buscar por meio do equilíbrio entre homem e meio ambiente a sustentabilidade do planeta. O objetivo deste estudo é descrever a importância da educação ambiental na sustentabilidade do meio ambiente. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, foram realizadas as pesquisas nos meses de fevereiro e março do ano de 2023, seguindo seu desenho em seis etapas: Formação da questão de pesquisa; busca na literatura; categorização dos estudos; avaliação dos incluídos; interpretação dos resultados e síntese do conhecimento. Para a busca dos artigos, foram utilizadas as seguintes bases de dados: Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SCIELO); Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) e Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), utilizando as seguintes palavras chave: educação ambiental, sustentabilidade e meio ambiente. A seleção respeitou critérios de inclusão/exclusão dos artigos disponíveis de forma completa e gratuita, entre os anos de 2019 a 2023, nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol. Foram excluídos estudos que se mostravam inconclusos e/ou repetitivos. Os resultados evidenciaram a educação ambiental uma importante ferramenta que interliga o ser humano e ao meio ambiente, onde pode transformar o pensamento do indivíduo e desenvolver a responsabilidade coletiva da sociedade na busca por um mundo sustentável e equilibrado.
Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Proposal and the 2024 European Parliament Elections
Authors: Santaguida Barbara Maria Moreira Dante
Published: May 2024

Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence is a current topic on Corporate Responsibility and the protection of human rights and the environment. Recently, the European Commission proposed a directive on this topic and divided opinions mainly regarding the sustainable governance part. Some Member States of the bloc have already adopted rules that embrace the mandatory due diligence process; the proposed directive does not come to eliminate such instruments, but to refine, improve and standardize them. The directive proposal is the first and only of its kind in Europe and with the elections of the European Parliament in the spring of 2024, its discussion and approval becomes urgent.
Consumption of ultra-processed foods and relationship with sodium and potassium excretion: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Anjos Inês , Silva-Santos Tânia , Moreira Pedro , Padrão Patrícia , Pinho Olívia , Gonçalves Carla
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Higher consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) had been associated with higher risk of non-communicable diseases (NCD) and NCD-promoting nutrient profile such as high sodium content and low potassium content. The objective of the study was to evaluate the level of food processing according to the NOVA classification and its relationship with sodium and potassium intake estimated by 24-hour urinary excretion.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. Data collection included 107 workers from a public university (51.4% female; mean age 47 years) participating in an iMC Salt clinical trial). A 24-hour urinary collection was used to estimate sodium and potassium intake, validated by the creatinine coefficient. The corresponding 24-hour dietary recall was used to assess food intake and foods were categorized using the NOVA classification according to the degree and purpose of processing, into four groups. Nutri-score was also used to categorize UPF and provide more information about the nutritional quality of products.
Results: The largest energy contribution came from the group of unprocessed or minimally processed foods (51.6%), followed by UPF (24%), processed foods (21.8%) and processed culinary ingredients (2.6%). Individuals with the lowest caloric contribution of the consumption of UPF had higher average values of potassium (K) intake (1438 vs 1136 mg/1000kcal; p=0.007), as individuals with the highest weight contribution of the consumption of unprocessed or minimally processed foods (1434 vs 1109 mg/1000kcal; p=0.010). For sodium (Na) intake no significant results were found between individuals with the lowest and the highest consumption of each NOVA group.
Conclusions: Higher consumption of fresh or minimally processed foods and lower UPF intake were associated with higher K intake values. On the other hand, higher UPF intake was not associated with higher Na intake values.
Funding: This work was supported by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia by Grant POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029269) and by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through NORTE 2020 (Northern Regional Operational Program 2014/2020) - NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-072687.
Evaluación nutricional y sensorial de dos panes funcionales adicionados con lactosuero y harina de malanga en niños
Authors: Rivera Olvera Andrés , Ochoa Mandujano Lili K. , Gutiérrez Méndez Luis A. , Onofre Chacón Leonor , Tacias Pascacio Veymar G. , Vela-Gutierrez Gilber
Published: May 2024

Introducción: El principal componente del lactosuero es la lactosa, ha sido ampliamente estudiado por sus propiedades nutricionales y funcionales de algunos componentes bioactivos, tales como inmunoglobulinas, lactoferrina, lactoperoxidasa y ciertos factores de crecimiento. La malanga es un alimento importante en regiones tropicales y subtropicales, contiene hidratos de carbono (59%) y proteínas (25%), además de ser muy digestiva, por lo que se considera un alimento excelente. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar nutricional y sensorialmente dos productos funcionales a base de suero de leche y harina de malanga en niños con desnutrición de dos comunidades de Chiapas, México.
Metodología: Inicialmente, ambas poblaciones fueron evaluadas mediante antropometría básica y se identificó a quienes padecían desnutrición. Los infantes que, de acuerdo con el diagnóstico nutricional, mostraron evidencia de desnutrición fueron alimentados durante tres meses. El nivel de agrado se evaluó mediante una escala hedónica facial estructurada.
Resultados: El nivel de aceptabilidad fue superior al 95% en ambos productos. En el análisis químico proximal, se observó que el panqué tenía un mayor contenido de humedad que el pan tipo bollo, 38 y 24%, respectivamente; mientras que el resto de nutrientes estaban presentes en menor proporción, 3% de cenizas, 6% de grasa, 12% de proteína, 21% de fibra y 20% de hidratos de carbono para el panqué, mientras que el pan tipo bollo presentaba valores de 1,3% de cenizas, 8,2% de grasa, 16% de proteína, 24% de fibra y 24,8% de hidratos de carbono.
Conclusiones: Los resultados de la evaluación antropométrica tras la intervención mostraron una mejora en los indicadores de talla y peso de los niños, efecto probablemente debido a la presencia de nutrientes procedentes del lactosuero y la malanga. Se evidencia un aporte apreciable de proteína y fibra en los dos panes.
Menakar Kembali Otoritas Ulama: Antara Kesalehan dan Komodifikasi Agama
Authors: Mohammad Fattahun Ni'am
Published: May 2024

Di satu sisi, ulama harus bisa menjaga kesalehan agama dan prinsip-prinsip yang telah ditetapkan dalam Islam, namun di sisi lain mereka juga harus menghadapi tekanan untuk mengikuti tren dan mengkomodifikasi agama demi mendapatkan keuntungan. Otoritas ulama merupakan salah satu aspek penting dalam Islam, yang bertugas sebagai pemimpin spiritual dan pemberi fatwa (keputusan) bagi umat Islam. Kini dengan bantuan media sosial ulama dapat mentransfer fatwa sekaligus melakukan praktik komodifikasi agama secara lebih mudah. Hal tersebut seperti apa yang dilakukan oleh Khalid Basalamah antara otoritasnya sebagai ulama dengan manhaj salafinya dan ambigurita bisnis yang ia miliki. Artikel ini mencoba untuk menakar kembali otoritas ulama dan membedah praktik kesalehan dan komodifikasi agama yang dilakukan oleh Khalid Basalamah. Dengan menggunakan studi analisis isi dan teori sosial otoritas Max Waber penelitian ini menemukan bahwa Khalid Basalamah mencerminkan bagaimana ketiga jenis otoritas Weber (rasionallegal, kharismatik, dan tradisional) berinteraksi dan bercampur dalam konteks otoritas ulama yang menghadapi tekanan antara menjaga kesalehan agama dan mengikuti tren bisnis. Khalid Basalamah terdorong untuk menjual produk-produk dengan branding agama demi meningkatkan popularitas dan pendapatan. Namun, terlalu banyak terpaku pada aspek komodifikasi dapat menjadi boomerang bagi otoritas ulama, karena dapat menurunkan martabat dan kesalehan ulama di mata umat.
[On the one hand, clerics must maintain religious piety and the principles set out in Islam, but on the other hand they must also face pressure to follow trends and commodify religion for profit. The authority of the ulama is one of the most important aspects of Islam, serving as spiritual leaders and fatwa (decree) givers for Muslims. Now, with the help of social media, ulama can transfer fatwas as well as commodify religion more easily. This is what Khalid Basalamah has done between his authority as a cleric with his salafi manhaj and his business octopus. This article tries to reassess the authority of the ulama and dissect the practice of piety and commodification of religion carried out by Khalid Basalamah. Using a content analysis study and Max Waber’s social theory of authority, this research finds that Khalid Basalamah reflects how Weber’s three types of authority (rational-legal, charismatic, and traditional) interact and mix in the context of clerical authority that faces pressure between maintaining religious piety and following business trends. Khalid Basalamah is compelled to sell products with religious branding to increase popularity and revenue. However, too much focus on the commodification aspect can be a boomerang for the authority of the ulama, as it can lower the dignity and piety of the ulama in the eyes of the people.]
TOMOGRAPHIC STUDY OF THE MEAN DISTANCE BETWEEN THE ANTERIOR ETHMOIDAL ARTERY AND THE MIDDLE TURBINATE AXILLA FOR GUIDANCE IN ENDONASAL SURGERIES
Authors: Campos Camila Sá de Melo , Martins Rafael Ferri
Published: May 2024

The anatomical knowledge of structures such as vessels, nerves and the skull base is essential for endonasal surgeries to be performed safely. The anterior ethmoidal artery is an important anatomical landmark that has three segments: intraorbital, intranasal and intracranial. Inadvertent injuries to this structure may evolve to blindness and cerebrospinal fluid fistula. This study aims to provide the mean distance between the anterior ethmoidal artery and the middle turbinate axilla, through the analysis of the coronal section of 66 CT scans of facial sinuses in patients over 18 years of age undergoing endonasal surgery at IPO Hospital. Thirty-eight patients were male (57.57%) and 28 were female (42.42%). The mean age for males was 37 years; for females it was 38.1 years. The mean distance for males was 23.9 mm on the right side and 24.0 mm on the left side. For females, the mean was 22.7 mm on the right side and 23.9 mm on the left side. We concluded that the tomographic measurement of the anterior ethmoidal artery to the middle turbinate axilla is easy to obtain preoperatively, and it contributes for endonasal surgeries to be performed safely.
EVIDENCE OF THE VALUE OF USING THE BUTTERFLY AND SPREADER GRAFT TECHNIQUES IN FUNCTIONAL RHINOPLASTY FOR THE CORRECTION OF INTERNAL NASAL VALVE COLLAPSE: A 32-YEAR SYSTEMATIC REVIEW IN ENGLISH
Authors: Heinichen Julio
Published: May 2024

Nasal obstruction due to internal nasal valve collapse is relatively common. This paper systematically reviews the existing literature that supports the efficiency and value of using the traditional spreader graft and butterfly graft techniques in functional rhinoplasty for the correction of internal nasal valve incompetence.
RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF NASAL FRACTURE TREATMENT AT IPO HOSPITAL
Authors: Neto Martinho da Palma e Mello , Prestes Luciano Campelo
Published: May 2024

Among the emergencies otorhinolaryngologists most commonly see in the emergency room are nasal fractures, often regarded of minor importance, though with the chance of significant cosmetic and functional damage. This study aimed to outline a profile of the patients seen and treated in a reference service in the city of Curitiba, state of Paraná. A retrospective study related to the pathology was performed with the investigation of variables such as sex, age, semiology, etiology, diagnostic tools, intervention time, postoperative complaints, and rate of secondary surgeries. 205 records were included. There was a predominance of males (56.6%). The most affected age group was between 21 and 30 years old (27.8%). Most fractures were caused by physical assault (28%). The most prevalent symptom, directly linked to surgical indication, was rhinoscoliosis. Patients were treated in an average period of 8 to 14 days. Among surgical patients, 17% were dissatisfied and only 7.2% underwent reoperation. The data found were consistent with the medical literature and reached satisfactory results. However, it would be beneficial to promote a new study, this time a prospective one, to support the creation of a protocol to address this emergency with the aim of standardizing conduct and optimizing results.