bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Targeting bladder function with network-specific epidural stimulation after chronic spinal cord injury
Authors: Herrity April N. , Aslan Sevda S. , Mesbah Samineh , Siu Ricardo , Kalvakuri Karthik , Ugiliweneza Beatrice , Mohamed Ahmad , Hubscher Charles H. , Harkema Susan J.
Published: February 2022

Profound dysfunctional reorganization of spinal networks and extensive loss of functional continuity after spinal cord injury (SCI) has not precluded individuals from achieving coordinated voluntary activity and gaining multi-systemic autonomic control. Bladder function is enhanced by approaches, such as spinal cord epidural stimulation (scES) that modulates and strengthens spared circuitry, even in cases of clinically complete SCI. It is unknown whether scES parameters specifically configured for modulating the activity of the lower urinary tract (LUT) could improve both bladder storage and emptying. Functional bladder mapping studies, conducted during filling cystometry, identified specific scES parameters that improved bladder compliance, while maintaining stable blood pressure, and enabled the initiation of voiding in seven individuals with motor complete SCI. Using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging and finite element modeling, specific neuroanatomical structures responsible for modulating bladder function were identified and plotted as heat maps. Data from this pilot clinical trial indicate that scES neuromodulation that targets bladder compliance reduces incidences of urinary incontinence and provides a means for mitigating autonomic dysreflexia associated with bladder distention. The ability to initiate voiding with targeted scES is a key step towards regaining volitional control of LUT function, advancing the application and adaptability of scES for autonomic function.
SAFE Transport: Wearing Face Masks Significantly Reduces The Spread of COVID-19 On Trains
Authors: Grzybowska Hanna , Hickson Roslyn I. , Bhandari Bishal , Cai Chen , Towke Michael , Itzstein Benjamin , Jurdak Raja , Najeebullah Kamran , Plani Adrian , Shoghri Ahmad El , Paini Dean
Published: February 2022

COVID-19 has had a substantial impact globally. It spreads readily, particularly in enclosed and crowded spaces, such as public transport carriages, yet there are limited studies on how this risk can be reduced. We developed a tool for exploring the potential impacts of mitigation strategies on public transport networks, called the Systems Analytics for Epidemiology in Transport (SAFE Transport). SAFE Transport combines an agent-based transit assignment model, a community-wide transmission model, and a transit disease spread model to support strategic and operational decision making. For this simulated COVID-19 case study, the transit disease spread model incorporates both direct (person-to-person) and fomite (person-to-surface-to-person) (person-surface-person) transmission modes. We determine the probable impact of wearing face masks on trains over a seven day simulation horizon, showing substantial and statistically significant reductions in new cases when passenger mask wearing proportions are greater than 80%.
Surface charge driven polymeric drug carrier for bone specific delivery of estradiol: in vitro and in vivo assessment
Authors: Venkataraman Meenakshi , Mohanty Bhabani , Chaudhari Pradip , Kumar Darshan , Nagarsenker Mangal S.
Published: February 2022

Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease affecting postmenopausal women worldwide. Adverse side effects are associated with long term conventional hormone therapy in osteoporosis treatment. Estradiol was loaded in PLGA nanoparticles coated with polyethylene imine to impart positive surface charge to preferentially localize hormone in the negative surface of bone environment evading unwanted side effects. Nanoparticles prepared by emulsion solvent evaporation method were smaller than 200 nm with a surface charge of 35mV. In vitro hydroxyapatite binding studies revealed superior binding of 82% by polycationic particles compared to meagre 28% by plain PLGA nanoparticles. In vivo biodistribution studies in mice displayed nearly 3 fold higher bone uptake by cationic nanoparticles compared to plain PLGA system at 24 hours. Hematological and histological evaluation in acute toxicity study showed safe and nontoxic nature of cationic nanoparticles.. Higher C max, AUC 0-inf, t1/2 values and lower clearance values was observed with nanoparticles compared to estradiol solution which can potentially lower frequency of administration compared to plain drug solutions. The osteoprotective effect of estradiol in cationic nanoparticles was established in ovariectomised rats. The osteotropic, nontoxic cationic nanoparticles can be considered a prototype for delivery of plethora of antiresoptive/anabolic agents to the skeletal environment.
Non-Invasive Vagus Nerve Stimulation Enhances Cooperative Behavior In Humans
Authors: Oehrn Carina R. , Molitor Lena , Krause Kristina , Niehaus Hauke , Schmidt Laura , Hakel Lukas , Timmermann Lars , Menzler Katja , Knake Susanne , Weber Immo
Published: February 2022

The vagus nerve constitutes a key link between the vegetative and the central nervous system. However, the impact of vagal activity on cognitive processes is largely unknown. Recent studies in animals and humans show that vagus nerve stimulation is associated with enhanced reward-seeking and dopamine-release in the brain. Social interaction recruits similar brain circuits to reward processing. We hypothesize that vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) boosts rewarding aspects of social behavior and compare the impact of transcutaneous VNS (tVNS) and sham stimulation on social interaction in 19 epilepsy patients in a double-blind pseudo-randomized study. Using a well-established paradigm, i.e., the prisoner’s dilemma, we investigate effects of stimulation on cooperative behavior, as well as interactions of stimulation effects with patient characteristics. A repeated-measures ANOVA and a linear mixed-effects model provide converging evidence that tVNS boosts cooperation. Partial correlations reveal that this effect varies as a function of neuroticism, a personality trait linked to the dopaminergic system. Behavioral modeling indicates that tVNS induces a behavioral starting bias towards cooperation, which is independent of the decision process. This study provides evidence for the causal influence of vagus nerve activity on social interaction and may have clinical implications for disorders affecting social behavior.
Soil vulnerability to acid or alkali spills: Identifying changes in physicochemical properties and pH buffering capacity in response to spills
Authors: Jeon Inhyeong , Chung Hyeonyong , Kim Sang Hyun , Nam Kyoungphile
Published: February 2022

Acid or alkali spills destroy physicochemical properties of soils and result in irreversible damages on soil ecological functions. This study examined changes in physicochemical properties (i.e., organic matter and clay content, and cation exchange capacity (CEC)) and pH buffering capacity (indicator of soil function) of twenty field soils as a result of acid or alkali spills, and identified characteristics of soils vulnerable to the spills. While both acid and alkali spills did not significantly change clay content, organic matter decreased about 40% and 60%, respectively, consequently resulting in 41% of decrease in pH buffering capacity. Unlike untreated soils whose pH buffering capacity was strongly predicted (R2=0.79) by organic matter and clay content, the value of acid- and alkali-spilled soils was well predicted by the clay content alone (R2=0.61 and 0.80, respectively). In addition, results of clustering analysis demonstrated that soils whose pH buffering capacity are higher than 50 mmol kg-1 pH unit-1 are the most vulnerable to the spills due to high organic matter content. Our findings indicate that soil vulnerability to the spills can be evaluated from soil properties, and it can be potentially used to classify vulnerable soils in the areas with a high occurrence of spills.
Abnormal neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in children with autism spectrum disorder and history of maternal immune activation Running: Maternal immune activation in ASD
Authors: Ellul Pierre , Maruani Anna , Peyre Hugo , Vantalon Valérie , Hoareau Daphnée , Tiercelin Hugo , Rosenzwajg Michelle , Klatzmann David , DELORME Richard
Published: February 2022

Background: Maternal immune activation (MIA) during the two first trimesters of pregnancy could be a risk factor for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in offspring. In mice, MIA has a long-term impact on offspring’s immune equilibrium resulting in a pro-inflammatory phenotype. Methods: We therefore hypothesized that children with ASD and a history of MIA could display a similar phenotype such as a higher neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR). In this study, we used a retrospective sample of 231 dyads involving children with ASD and their mothers.Results: Among ASD patients, 12% had a history of MIA. We observed an abnormal NLR (over 3) in 7.4% of children with ASD MIA+ compared to 1.9% for MIA. The multivariate analysis revealed a significant association between NLR in children with ASD and maternal history of MIA (F=2.27, p=0.03). Limitations: Data collection on events during pregnancy was retrospective and our sample size was small for the MIA+ group. These limitations are offset by the use of strict criteria on the definition of MIA in pregnancy.Results: Our study reinforced preliminary evidence suggesting an impact of MIA on the risk of autism. Further studies could contribute to the development of biomarkers in MIA+ ASD and enable the development of targeted immunomodulatory therapies.
Solubility of spruce galactoglucomannans determines interfacial morphology and emulsion stability
Authors: Bhattarai Mamata , Kontro Inkeri , Sulaeva Irina , Valoppi Fabio , Potthast Antje , Mikkonen Kirsi S.
Published: February 2022

Specific supramolecular interactions in polysaccharides change their solubility rendering diverse interfacial properties in oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions. We studied the effect of solubility of softwood hemicelluloses, spruce galactoglucomannans (GGMs) isolated by pressurized hot-water extraction methods or recovered as side streams in a thermomechanical pulp (TMP) mill on interfacial structures and stability of O/W emulsions. Detailed characterization of GGMs revealed a soluble (molecularly dispersed) fraction of molar mass 8.9 × 103–2.1 × 104 g mol−1 and sub-micron-sized insoluble fractions that were either loose assemblies or fractal type supramolecular aggregates and agglomerates. Based on the relative share of these fractions and nanostructural complexity, GGMs were classified into soluble, semi-soluble, and insoluble. GGMs extracted via pressurized hot-water extraction methods were soluble to semi-soluble compared to GGMs recovered from the TMP process. Semi-soluble GGMs exhibited efficient stability of dispersed oil droplets in emulsions followed by insoluble and soluble GGMs. With an increasing share of insoluble fractions and their structural complexity, emulsion’s interfacial morphology changed from smooth to diffused type. Comparing GGMs with soluble small-molecule surfactant Tween 20 and insoluble alkali extracted beechwood glucuronoxylans, our findings suggest that surface activity of adsorbing soluble or insoluble fraction dominates the interfacial morphology. Under the condition of sufficient interfacial coverage, insoluble fractions complement the emulsion stability with a filling effect in the continuous phase of emulsions. The findings improve our understanding of bio-based polysaccharides’ solubility, their emulsion stability mechanisms, and strategies to tailor via biorefining approaches.
Artificial Intelligent based Smart Drainage System
Authors: Misra Debajyoti , Das Gautam , Das Debaprasad
Published: February 2022

Clever monitoring and eliminating of clog in drainage is become very arduous in recent times. Presence of congestion and poorly maintained drainage system is leading various disturbances, like overflow of dirt water in streets, environmental issues and urban flooding, which in turn cause various water borne diseases and other hazards. This paper presents a smart drainage monitoring system. This advanced internet of things (IoT) based electronic system is capable of finding the blockage and removing the same using IoT. In order to do that, system consist of, a variety of sensors and clog finding modules are kept in several positions along the drainage network and the information is brought together using IoT. The ultrasonic level indicator finds whether there is any obstruction in between two successive manholes then it will activate cloud monitoring system to inform the responsible authority about the accurate location and amount of blockage. The various sensors give information about the pressure, presence of toxic gases and temperature of the particular drain. All this information is collected and analyzed by Arduino UNO microcontroller. The important aspects of the devise are economical, minimal maintenance, fast operation, and precise sensors, durable and high quality of server.
Health Care Needs of Iraqi Refugees Presenting to the Kurdish Red Crescent Clinics in the Al Hol Camp During 12 Months of on-going Conflict: A Cross-sectional Study. Short Title Complex Humanitarian Emergencies: Idp and Refugee Health Care Needs
Authors: Garavan Karmel-Carrie , BERLAER Gerlant , HOUGHTON Frank , BERY Sherwan , BUYL Ronald , HUBLOUE Ives
Published: February 2022

BackgroundThe Battle for Mosul began in October 2016 as the world's single largest military operation since the 2003 invasion of Iraq. In anticipation of massive displacement of Iraqi refugees, the Al-Hol camp was erected at the Iraqi-Syrian border meant to respond to the immediate needs of about 100,000 people. The Kurdish Red Crescent (KRC) in partnership with Un Ponte Per (UPP) operated two clinics in the camp, receiving over 200 patients daily. This study aims to describe health services utilisation, complaints, diagnoses and treatment of Iraqi war refugees in the camp and make recommendations to improve humanitarian response for these vulnerable populations.MethodsBy means of a cross-sectional analysis of all patient data collected in two primary healthcare clinics and an emergency room in the camp between March 2017 and March 2018 are reviewed and analysed, regarding demographics, complaints at presentation, diagnoses and treatment.ResultsOf all 148,743 patient contacts, 93,341 were individual consultations with health services provision to registered Iraqi refugees in both clinics, and 55,402 were Emergency Room encounters. Most frequent specific complaints (over 20%) were of respiratory origin (including infections and asthma), watery diarrhoea (8%) and urinary tract infections (7.6%). Urinary tract infections, anaemia and vaginal discharge were common among the female population. Non-communicable diseases like diabetes and arterial hypertension were frequent and consistent complaints throughout the year equally in male and female adults. Skin diseases included over 700 cases of leishmaniosis, mainly in the older population and in the first months. Mental health disorders remained under detected and 44% of diagnoses were categorised as unknown or “other”. There were 302 live births, and the highest Crude Mortality Rate (0.21) was in week 33.Emergency treatment included nebulisations, dressings, injections, suturing, splinting, and stabilization prior to referral to more advanced care outside the camp.ConclusionsMany Iraqi refugees in Al-Hol sought treatment for illnesses associated with prolonged poor living conditions, combined with seasonal variations in hostile desert climate: respiratory tract infections mainly seen in children, gastrointestinal diseases, urinary tract infections, and gender specific complaints of vaginal discharge and anaemia.
Structural, Optical and Photocatalytic Activity of α-Bi2O3/Bi2O2CO3/(BiO)4CO3(OH)2 Ternary Multi-heterojunction Nanoflakes Synthesized via Submerged DC Electrical Discharge in Urea Solution
Authors: Hashemi E. , Poursalehi R. , Delavari H.
Published: February 2022

In this research, novel α-Bi2O3/Bi2O2CO3/(BiO)4CO3(OH)2 multi-heterojunction photocatalytic nanoflakes are fabricated via submerged DC electrical arc discharge in urea in water solution. FT-IR, XRD, EDS and PL results conform the formation of α-Bi2O3/Bi2O2CO3/(BiO)4CO3(OH)2 multi-heterojunction. Formation of nanoflake morphology are revealed by FE-SEM, TEM images. Based on UV-visible results the calculated band gap energies are in the range between 2.7 and 3.0 eV for fresh sample and after one month. The photocatalytic performance of sample is investigated via degradation of methylene orange (MeO) under visible light irradiation. α-Bi2O3/Bi2O2CO3/ (BiO)4CO3(OH)2 exhibited much higher photocatalytic activity than Bi2O2CO3, Bi2O3 and Bi2O3/Bi2O2CO3. Also, stable photodegradation efficiency of sample after four cycles reveal the long term stability and reusability of synthesized photocatalyst. PL intensity show improved separation rate of electrons and holes and so better photocatalytic performance of multi-heterojunction in compared to single phase photocatalyst. The enhanced photocatalytic activity can be ascribed to the formation of multi-heterojunctions, flake morphology and intrinsic internal electric field (IEF). Multi-heterojunction nanoflakes enhance the absorbance of visible light and facilitate the separation and transport of photogenerated electron-holes through large IEF which enhance the photocatalytic activity. Our work offers an effective method for production of innovative bismuth based photocatalyst with excellent prospective for degradation of environmental pollutions and light harvesting for renewable energy generation under visible-light.
Probabilistic Modelling of Target Drift in Marine Disasters Using Ocean Currents From High-Frequency Radars
Authors: Zhu Kui , Mu Lin , Tu Haiwen , Yu Runze , Xia Xiaoyu
Published: February 2022

The issue of target drift prediction based on ocean current from high-frequency (HF) ground-wave radar was studied in this paper. A large number of unpowered drift observation experiments for a class of South China Sea characteristic offshore fishing vessel was carried out in the range of radar radiation. The calculation of sub-grid velocity in the test area was based on the comparison between the HF radar data and the meteorological observation data of the buoy at sea. The two observation data also have good consistency in the matching of time and space. To analyze the temporal characteristics of diffusion velocity, the sample autocorrelation and the partial autocorrelation function of a sub-grid velocity were calculated separately, and a sub-grid model based on the ARMA model was proposed. Firstly, trajectory simulation based on the Runge-Kutta method was used to preliminarily verify the improvement of target drift prediction accuracy by ARMA model. In addition, the Monte-Carlo method was used to calculate and compare the prediction range of different sub-grid velocity models, and the ARMA model with different continuous prediction time steps was studied. Compared with the traditional sub-grid velocity model, the ARMA model with short-term continuous prediction can significantly improve the performance of target drift prediction model in terms of mean prediction error and separation. However, ARMA model is also limited by its continuous prediction step size to a large extent. On the one hand, this study verifies that the ARMA model with short-term continuous prediction improves the performance of target drift prediction model. On the other hand, the results further demonstrated that measured data provided by the HF radar, combined with other continuous ocean observation data, are of value for trajectory analysis of drift targets.
Prevalence of and factors associated with inadequate pain relief in people with knee and hip osteoarthritis: a cross-sectional population-based study
Authors: Costa Daniela Sofia Albino , Cruz Eduardo B , Lopes David G , Silva Catarina Nunes , Henriques Ana Rita , Luis Diogo , Branco Jaime , Canhão Helena , Rodrigues Ana M
Published: February 2022

Background: Pain due to knee or hip osteoarthritis (HKOA) is the most common symptom for seeking health care given its interference on daily activities, social and occupational participation. The goal of this study is to estimate the prevalence of inadequate pain relief (IPR) among people with hip and/or knee osteoarthritis (HKOA), characterize this population and identify factors associated with IPR, and compare therapeutic strategies used by people with IPR versus adequate pain relief (APR).Methods: We analyzed a representative sample of 1081 participants with a validated diagnosis of HKOA, from the population-based study EpiReumaPt. Sociodemographic, lifestyle and health-related data were collected in a structured interview. Pain intensity (NPRS) data were collected in a medical appointment. IPR was defined as a mean pain intensity in the previous week of ≥5 points on 11-point numeric pain rating scale. Intake of regular medication for pain relief (last month), physiotherapy and surgery were considered as therapies for pain management. The factors associated with IPR were analyzed with logistic regression (p<0.05, 95%CI). To assess the effects of inadequate pain relief in the HOOS/KOOS activities of daily living and quality of life subscales and in the presence of anxiety and depression symptoms, linear and logistic regression were used. All analysis were weighted.Results: The estimated prevalence of IPR among people with HKOA was 68.8%. IPR was associated with being female (odds ratio (OR)=2.36, p<0.01), being overweight (OR=1.84, p=0.035) or obese (OR=2.26, p=0.006), and having multimorbidity (OR=2.08, p=0.002). People with IPR reported worse performance in activities of daily living and lower quality of life (b=-21.28, p<0.001 and b=–21.19, p<0.001, respectively) than people with APR. People with IPR consumed more NSAIDs (22.0%, p=0.003), opioids (4.8%, p=0.008), paracetamol (2.7%, p=0.033), and overall analgesics (7.3%, p=0.013) than people with APR. A higher proportion of people with IPR underwent physiotherapy (17.5%, p=0.002) than people with APR. Conclusion: These results indicate that most people with HKOA have poor control of pain, highlighting the need for further research and implementation of effective interventions.
Genome-wide Association Study and Genomic Prediction for Yield and Grain Quality Traits of Hybrid Rice
Authors: Yu Peiyi , Ye Changrong , Li Le , Yin Hexing , Zhao Jian , Wang Yongka , Zhang Zhe , Li Weiguo , Long Yu , Hu Xueyi , Xiao Jinhua , Jia Gaofeng , Tian Bingchuan
Published: February 2022

Genomic selection is an efficient tool for breeding selection, especially for quantitative traits controlled by multiples genes with low heritability. To validate the application of genomic selection in hybrid rice breeding, the yield, grain quality and agronomic traits of 404 hybrid rice breeding lines were investigated, and the same accessions were genotyped by using a 56K SNP chip. There were wide variances among the tested accessions for all the measured traits, and most of the traits were correlated. A total of 67 significant loci were identified for the yield and agronomic traits, and 123 significant loci were identified for the grain quality traits by GWAS. Two of these loci associated with increasing grain yield but decreasing grain quality. The GEBVs of all the yield, quality and agronomic traits were calculated by using 15 different prediction algorithms. The plant height, panicle length, thousand grain weight, grain length and width ratio, amylose content and alkali value have higher predictability than other traits. However, the predictability of different GS models is different for different traits. This study provided useful information for genomic selection of specific trait using proper markers and prediction models.
Finite-time dissipative synchronization of discrete-time semi-Markovian jump complex dynamical networks with actuator faults
Authors: Sakthivel N. , Pallavi S. , Ma Yong-Ki , Vijayakumar V.
Published: February 2022

This paper is concerned with the problem of finite-time synchronization for a class of discretetime semi-Markovian jumping complex dynamical networks(CDNs) with actuator faults based on reliable control. The main aim of this paper is to design a state feedback controller such that the resulting closed-loop system is finite-time synchronized under a prescribed dissipativity performance level even in the presence of actuator failures. Moreover, a stochastic nature followed by Bernoulli distribution is described in the considered networks due to the occurrence of probabilistic nature in time-varying delays. By composing a suitable Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional (LKF) containing triple summation terms with the aid of Kronecker product properties and utilizing free weighting matrix approach, sufficient criteria are established in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) that assures finite-time synchronization and meets the dissipativity performance to the addressed CDNs. The usefulness of the presented design scheme is finally verified by numerical examples.
Linagliptin improves high glucose-induced glomerular endothelial hyper- permeability through AMPK activation and RhoA/ROCK suppression
Authors: Chen Jianhui , Li Xianfan , Yu Zengpu , Chen Xiaolin
Published: February 2022

OBJECTIVE: Hyperglycemia is a major cause of albuminuria relevant to glomerular endothelial dysfunction of the kidney in diabetes mellitus. Linagliptin, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, was shown to have pleiotropic protective effects to improve albuminuria and endothelial dysfunction in diabetic conditions. The purpose of this research was to investigate the molecular mechanism by which linagliptin improves human renal glomerular endothelial cells (HRGECs) barrier dysfunction caused by hyperglycemia.MATERIALS AND METHODS: We examined the DPP-4 activity, the transendothelial electrical resistance of the monolayer in HRGECs, and the horseradish peroxidase–albumin leakage after the treatment with high glucose (HG) in the presence or absence of linagliptin preincubation. The distribution of F-actin remodeling was detected by a fluorescence probe. The phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC), AMPK, and RhoA activity were evaluated in the endothelial cells by Western blotting. The effects of inhibition AMPK or RhoA/ROCK pathway on linagliptin-mediated protective effect on the endothelial barrier in HG status were observed.RESULTS:HG caused MLC-dependent reorganization of F-actin, leading to endothelial barrier disruption. However, these changes in HRGECs were attenuated by the Rho-dependent kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y-27632 or linagliptin. The phospho-MLC (pMLC) activated in HRGECs was regulated by RhoA/ROCK signaling. AMPK activation participated in the repair process of HG-induced RhoA-dependent endothelial cell hyperpermeability by linagliptin . Similarly , AMPK activation by linagliptin attenuated HG-induced RhoA dependent F-actin rearrangement and endothelial cell barrier dysfunction, whereas compoud C diminished the effect of linagliptin. CONCLUSIONS: Our data showed that HG led to increases in the activity of RhoA and DPP-4. These changes resulted in the rearrangement of endothelial cell cytoskeleton and the dysfunction of the glomerular endothelial barrier, which were mediated by MLC. The present study revealed a novel mechanism of linagliptin-mediated AMPK activation in preventing RhoA-dependent F-actin cytoskeleton rearrangement and reduced glomerular endothelial barrier permeability in diabetic conditions.
Production and Postharvest Assessment of Tropical Pumpkin Flowers Harvested for Consumption
Authors: Toro-Vélez Kathina , Chávez-Jáuregui Rosa , Wessel-Beaver Linda , Brunner Bryan
Published: February 2022

Consumption of staminate (male) flowers of squash and pumpkin (Cucurbita sp.) has generally been limited to summer squash (Cucurbita pepo), a species of temperate regions or highland tropical environments. In the lowland tropics of the Caribbean Basin, tropical pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) is better adapted and more widely grown. We evaluated flower production in Lajas, Puerto Rico, and postharvest attributes (shelf life, chemical and nutritional properties, sensory quality) of flowers of four tropical pumpkin and two summer squash cultivars. Tested cultivars varied slightly among experiments. Passive and active modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) were compared. For passive MAP, packages were sealed without further intervention. Under active MAP, packages were adjusted to 6% to 7% oxygen (O2) and 12% to 13% carbon dioxide (CO2) during sealing. Sensory quality of fresh and canned tropical pumpkin flowers was evaluated by panelists. Production ranged from 1.8 to 4.0 flowers/plant per day. Flower weight and length were up to 50% greater in tropical pumpkin compared with summer squash. Packaged flowers turned more orange but with less color saturation as they aged. In active MAP packages, decreases in O2, and increases in CO2 observed after 5 days were small or not significant compared with initially established atmospheres at day 0. Storage temperature generally had no effect on changes in O2 and CO2. Packaged flowers lost about 27% of their initial weight after 5 days. Type of MAP had no consistent effect on the appearance of packaged flowers. Storing flowers at 5 °C often improved appearance compared with storage at 10 °C. The rate of deterioration was slower in packaged flowers of tropical pumpkin compared with summer squash, but by day 6 the poor appearance of flowers of all cultivars made them unmarketable. Compared with fresh flowers, packaged flowers stored for 5 days exhibited a decrease in soluble solids, total acidity, ascorbic acid, antioxidant capacity, and total phenolics, and generally an increase in pH. Beta-carotene often increased in stored flowers although this varied by cultivar. Storage temperature and type of MAP had inconsistent effects on chemical attributes of stored flowers. Panelists rated fresh flowers as “like moderately” to “like very much” for texture, taste, and overall acceptability, whereas canned flowers were rated as “like moderately” for overall acceptability. Male flowers of tropical pumpkin are suitable for human consumption but deterioration after 5 days of storage limits their market potential unless better packaging methods are developed. Canned tropical pumpkin flowers may be an alternative to packaged flowers.
Towards a quantum fluid theory of correlated many-fermion systems from first principles
Authors: Moldabekov Zhandos , Dornheim Tobias , Gregori Gianluca , Graziani Frank , Bonitz Michael , Cangi Attila
Published: February 2022

Correlated many-fermion systems emerge in a broad range of phenomena
in warm dense matter, plasmonics, and ultracold atoms. Quantum
hydrodynamics (QHD) complements first-principles methods for
many-fermion systems at larger scales. We illustrate the failure of the
standard Bohm potential central to QHD for strong perturbations when the
density perturbation is larger than about 10^{-3}10−3
of the mean density. We then extend QHD to this regime via the many-fermion Bohm potential from
first-principles. This may lead to more accurate QHD simulations beyond
their common application domain in the presence of strong perturbations
at scales unattainable with first-principles methods.
Towards a method to anticipate dark matter signals with deep learning at the LHC
Authors: Arganda Ernesto , Medina Anibal D. , Perez Andres Daniel , Szynkman Alejandro
Published: February 2022

We study several simplified dark matter (DM) models and their
signatures at the LHC using neural networks. We focus on the usual
monojet plus missing transverse energy channel, but to train the
algorithms we organize the data in 2D histograms instead of
event-by-event arrays. This results in a large performance boost to
distinguish between standard model (SM) only and SM plus new physics
signals. We use the kinematic monojet features as input data which allow
us to describe families of models with a single data sample. We found
that the neural network performance does not depend on the simulated
number of background events if they are presented as a function of
S/\sqrt{B}S/B,
for reasonably large BB,
where SS
and BB
are the number of signal and background events per histogram,
respectively. This provides flexibility to the method, since testing a
particular model in that case only requires knowing the new physics
monojet cross section. Furthermore, we also discuss the network
performance under incorrect assumptions about the true DM nature.
Finally, we propose multimodel classifiers to search and identify new
signals in a more general way, for the next LHC run.
Examining university students’ behaviors towards online shopping: An empirical investigation in an emerging market
Authors: Al Asheq Ahmed , Rahman Tanchi Khadiza , Akhter Sabrina , Kamruzzaman Md. , M. Anwarul Islam K.
Published: February 2022

The paper strives to investigate the influential factors that might significantly affect consumers’ intention to shop from online websites. On this premise, this paper aims to examine the impact of perceived trust (PT), convenience (CONV), perceived website quality (PWQ), and subjective norm (SN) on individuals’ intention towards online shopping (ITOS). The paper proposed a study framework based on previous relevant literature. The study has drawn samples from private university students of Bangladesh. A quantitative research approach was adopted, followed by a survey method. Only undergraduate and postgraduate students of two Bangladeshi universities were considered as respondents as it is believed that they were the primary online shoppers in Bangladesh perspective. The sample size in this paper is 339, which was deemed adequate to run regression analysis. SPSS software has been utilized to conduct correlation and regression analysis. The convenience sampling method was applied in the study as the population is not known. This paper applied a 95% confidence interval to accept the hypotheses. Correlation results confirm that all independent variables correlated with ITOS. The findings of the paper report that PT, CONV, PWQ, and SN have a significant impact on students’ intention towards online shopping (ITOS). Henceforth, the online business managers can utilize the findings of this paper to understand the young consumer behaviors and develop a solid and effective online marketing plan for sustainable business performance.
Evaluation of formation and health risks of disinfection by-products in drinking water supply of Ggaba waterworks, Kampala, Uganda
Authors: Nshemereirwe Annitah , Zewge Feleke , Malambala Enos
Published: February 2022

In developing countries, the evaluation of disinfection by-products in drinking water has been neglected because most water utility companies focus on microbial elimination. As a result, this study aimed at evaluating trihalomethane formation, the relation between water quality parameters and trihalomethane formation, and the estimation of the associated potential health risks in drinking water. The headspace purge and trap coupled with a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry technique was used to quantify trihalomethane. The concentrations of trihalomethane found in the water were within the National Water and Sewerage Corporation, World Health Organization guidelines, and the United States Environmental Protection Agency standards. Total organic carbon, ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm, bromide concentration, and the temperature had a positive and significant correlation, pH had a positive but non-significant correlation, while the residual chlorine had a negative but significant correlation with trihalomethane formation. The potential health risk using the WHO index was 0.4, indicating no noncarcinogenic risk to human health in the study area. The lifetime carcinogenic risks of trihalomethane due to oral ingestion, dermal, and inhalation were 2.5×10−5, 9.1×10−6, and 8.3×10−6 for females and 2.4×10−5, 1×10−5, and 7.9×10−6 for males, and the values were within the USEPA acceptable low-risk range of 1×10−6<CR<5.1×10−5.
Individual and synergic effect of carbamazepine and diclofenac in the removal of organic matter from an expanded granular bed anaerobic reactor
Authors: Baquero Eva Sandrith , Rodríguez Diana C. , Peñuela Gustavo A.
Published: February 2022

Due to the negative effects caused to the natural environment by the presence of pharmaceutical-type traces and other pollutants in wastewater, it is necessary to develop and optimize efficient treatment systems. This study evaluated the effect of carbamazepine (CBZ) and diclofenac (DCF) on the behavior of seven EGSB (expanded granular sludge bed) anaerobic reactors at laboratory scale, using chromatographic and physicochemical analyses of the influent, effluent, and the biomass contained in the reactors. The results showed that CBZ had a greater effect on the removal and behavior of microorganisms than DCF, with average efficiencies of 34.04 ± 18.58%, 20.76 ± 8.51% and 16.29 ± 11.08% during stage II, III and IV, respectively, for CBZ, and 92.37 ± 12.74%, 26.77 ± 5.90% and 22.28 ± 9.60% during stage II, III and IV, respectively, for DCF. Additionally, it was found that the interaction of the co-substrate used (sodium acetate) in conjunction with the pharmaceutical compounds decreased the efficiency of the system in terms of the removal of analytes.
Influence of additional methanol on both pre- and post-denitrification processes in treating municipal wastewater
Authors: Yin Fang-Fang , Guo Hui-Fang
Published: February 2022

Changes in functional properties of biological denitrification in the long-term use of methanol were explored in both pre- and post-denitrification processes. The two systems employed were sequencing batch reactor (SBR) using post-denitrification in temporal sequence, and Carrousel oxidation ditch, which was equipped with a separate pre-denitrification zone. In the SBR, stable nitrate reduction rates reached after 37 days elapsed with addition of methanol (TOC/N = 1.4–1.8) at the start of anoxic phase, and specific denitrification rate increased from 0.378 mgNOx-N·(gVSS·h)−1 to 2.406 mgNOx-N·(gVSS·h)−1. Besides, by means of nitrogen uptake rate (NUR) batch tests based on methanol-adapted sludge, the appropriate range of TOC/N ratios for complete denitrification was estimated to be 1.10–2.68. By comparison, the Carrousel oxidation ditch that was fed with methanol in the anaerobic zone took fewer days (29 days) to obtain a constant effluent nitrate. Moreover, the denitrification yield in ditch was elevated from an initial value of 0.082 mgTN/mgCOD to 0.123 mgTN/mgCOD, and the nitrogen removal efficiency reached up to a level of 68%. The focus on denitrification potential with external methanol is valuable to provide information for developing carbon dosage control, as well as predict the nitrate effluent quality of the plant.
La violencia en el trayecto de vida de mujeres migrantes venezolanas en Chile
Authors: Landeros Jaime Francisco J.
Published: February 2022

En los últimos años la migración femenina originaria de Venezuela se ha caracterizado por liderar los proyectos migratorios familiares con destino a Santiago de Chile. En ese sentido, el objetivo de este artículo es analizar los acontecimientos que provocaron cambios en la trayectoria de vida de mujeres venezolanas para motivarlas a dejar su lugar de origen en busca de mejorar su calidad de vida en otro país. A partir de una metodología cualitativa, donde las entrevistas en profundidad fueron la principal técnica para obtener datos, se presentan las historias de vida de mujeres altamente calificadas cuyas trayectorias se encuentran inmersas en episodios de violencia. Los hallazgos muestran que los problemas que las obligaron a salir de Venezuela aun forman parte de su vida diaria a pesar de haber migrado a Chile entre 2016 y 2019, lo cual es una oportunidad para diseñar políticas públicas que favorezcan a la población migrante.
Antipyretic Mechanism Exploration of HuanglianShangqing Pill Based on
Metabolomics and Network Pharmacology
Authors: Mai Xi , Mao Pingting , Mai Bo , Zheng Lei , Li Na , Liao Yijing , He Ling , He Weibao , Zhang Qimin
Published: February 2022

Background and Objective:

HuanglianShangqing pill (HLSQ), a well-known traditional
Chinese medicine (TCM), has been used to treat fever in China for a long time. Our previous study
had demonstrated that a total of 45 prototype components of HLSQ could be absorbed into the
plasma of rats after intragastric administration. However, the detailed mechanisms related to the
antipyretic effects of HLSQ were still unclear.

Materials and Methods:

In the present work, urinary metabolomics coupled with network pharmacology
were employed to evaluate the mechanisms of HLSQ in the treatment of fever compared
with ibuprofen (IBU) and paracetamol (APAP).

Results:

In pyrexia rats, a total of 11 potential metabolites and a disturbed TCA cycle were found.
The metabolic regulation effects of HLSQ on fever rats were similar to APAP and could make the
TCA cycle disorder return to normal by reducing citrate, β-hydroxybutyrate, succinate. In addition,
HLSQ could adjust the intestinal microbial disorder and inhibit inflammatory factors, including
IL6, TNF, VEGFA, TP53, STAT3, etc. There were 40 components acting on fever targets in
HLSQ; among them, luteolin, apigenin, ursolic acid, kaempferol, wogonin, daidzein, baicalein,
emodin, berberine, and oroxylin A were the main active compounds of HLSQ in the treatment of
fever.

Conclusion:

The antipyretic mechanisms of HLSQ are inhibition of inflammatory factors, action
on the TCA cycle, and regulation of gut microbiota.
Development and Validation of a Sensitive UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS for the Measurement
of Nine Components in Rat Plasma and Tissues and its Application to Pharmacokinetics
and Tissue Distribution Studies with Xuanfei Baidu Granules
Authors: Wang Xinrui , Quan Shuai , Zhang Han , Song Xinbo , Zhang Jingze , Liu Dailin
Published: February 2022

Background:

Xuanfei Baidu granules (XFBD granules) are based on the prescription of Xuanfei Baidu,
which showed promise as a first-line treatment against Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei.
On March 2, 2021, XFBD granules were marketed as a novel drug for epidemic diseases. However, there is little
information about the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of the main constituents in XFBD granules.

Methods:

A sensitive analytical method was developed for detecting the marker components of XFBD granules by
ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOFMS/
MS), and for studying its pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution by UPLC-QDa.

Results:

Following an oral administration of a single granule in experimental rats at a dose of 14 g/kg for pharmacokinetic
and tissue distribution studies, 42 compounds and nine analytes were identified in XFBD granules. Nine
compounds were detected in the lungs and the liver of the rats. Six compounds were detected in the kidneys. Five
compounds were detected in the spleen and three were detected in the heart. As it went undetected in the brain,
XFBD granules are considered unable to cross the blood-brain barrier.

Conclusion:

A sensitive UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS method was established and validated for the quantification of nine
components in rat plasma and tissue samples. This method was successfully applied to study the pharmacokinetics
and tissue distribution profiles of XFBD granules after their oral administration.
Accelerated Aging of T-Cell Subsets Among ART-Naïve HIV-Infected Chinese Men Who have Sex with Men: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Li Xing-Wang , Li Li , Ma Cheng-Jie , Wang Ling-Hang , Yu Feng-Ting , Yang Si-Yuan , Song Shu-Jing , Tang Yun-Xia
Published: February 2022

Background:

Evidence of lymphopoiesis, exhaustion, and premature aging in Chinese patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is very limited.

Objective:

To assess biological aging and immune senescence in Chinese healthy controls (HC) and ART-naïve HIV-infected men who have sex with men (MSM).

Methods:

This case-control study was conducted in Beijing Ditan Hospital from March 2018 to June 2019. The percentages of naïve (TN), central memory (TCM), effector memory (TEM), and terminally differentiated memory (TemRA) subsets of CD4 and CD8 T cells were studied, along with markers of senescence (CD28-CD57+) and activation (HLA-DR+). Telomere length of naïve (CD45RA+) and memory (CD45RO+) CD8 T cells were quantified by real-time PCR.

Results:

A total of 26 HIV-infected and 20 age-matched HC MSM were included. Compared to the HC group, the CD4/CD8 ratio of the HIV-infected group was significantly reduced (0.30 vs. 1.70, P<0.001); significant differences emerged among all CD8 but not CD4 T cell subsets (all P<0.05). In the HIV-infected group, the percentages of senescent cells (CD28-CD57+) in TN, TCM, TEM, and TemRA subsets of CD8 T cells were higher (all P<0.05); while a significant difference was only found in naïve CD4 T cells (P<0.05). HLA-DR expression was increased significantly in all CD4 and CD8 T cell subsets. Both naïve (CD45RA+) and memory (CD45RO+) CD8 T cells in this population had significantly shorter telomere lengths (P<0.01) compared to the HC group.

Conclusion:

HIV-infected MSM exhibit signs of accelerated immune senescence and biological aging, which particularly affects the CD8 T-cell subsets.
A Review on Novel Synthesis Approaches and Biological Activities of 1,2,4-
Oxadiazole and 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Tailored Compounds
Authors: Chaudhary Tarun , Upadhyay Prabhat Kumar
Published: February 2022

Rational design and synthesis of novel compounds with both effectivity and safety properties have always been a formidable task in the development of drugs. Oxadiazoles are heterocyclic bioscaf-folds occurring as motifs in drug-like molecules. This review article highlights comprehensive and sys-tematic information of compounds containing 1,2,4-oxadiazoles and 1,3,4-oxadiazole rings. The routes for the synthesis of the oxadiazoles have also been discussed, along with their biological significance. This review may help researchers in rational design for the development of effective and less toxic 1,3,4-oxadiazole based compounds. We present an informative review about the drugs derived from oxadiazole rings and their therapeutic application as well as a brief remark on the future development prospects.
Impact of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Current Treatments on the Development
and Progression of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Faria André , Laher Ismail , Fasipe Babatunde , Ayas Najib T.
Published: February 2022

Type 2 diabetes mellitus remains a growing health concern, affecting more than 420
million people globally. Preventing and treating diabetes require a better understanding of the associated
risk factors. Sleep-disordered breathing, especially obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), is likely
a contributor to the pathogenesis and aggravation of poor glycemic control. We review key epidemiological
data that address the link between OSA and type 2 diabetes and present the current
proposed pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this association. Several biological pathways
are linking OSA and an increased propensity to diabetes. We review the impact of current treatment
strategies for OSA based on the association between diabetes and sleep apnea.