bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial distribution characteristics of heavy metal(loid)s health risk in soil at scale on town level
Authors: Gong Cang , Lu Haichuan , Zhang Zhixiang , Wang Liang , Xia Xiang , Wang Lihua , Xiang Zhiyu , Shuai Linyang , Ding Yang , Chen Yong , Wang Shunxiang
Published: November 2022

In order to reveal the Spatial distribution characteristics of heavy metal(loid)s health risk in soil on the town-scale, 788 topsoil samples were collected from a town in the hinterland of Chengdu Plain, with 5 subordinate communities and 17 administrative villages as the research sub regions. The USEPA health risk assessment model was used to assess the health risks of heavy metal(loid)s Cd, Hg, As, Cu, Pb, Cr, Zn and Ni in the soil, the health risk analysis method system based on the geographic detector and the optimized rank-size theory model are used to clarify the spatial differentiation and risk level difference of health risk in the study area. The results showed that the average values of Cd, Hg, As, Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn in the soil of the study area were 0.221, 0.155, 9.76, 32.2, 91.9, 35.2, 37.1 and 108.8 mg/kg, respectively. The health risks of heavy metal(loid)s in soil to adults and children are generally within the acceptable range, but the maximum hazard index of children and the maximum non-carcinogenic risk value of Cr to children are 2.653303 and 1.213098 respectively, which were exceeding the acceptable range. The carcinogenic risk of Cr and As to adults and children and the carcinogenic risk of Cd to children are at 1 × 10–4 to 1 × 10–6, exceeding the 10–6 health threshold. The q-value range of heavy metal(loid)s health risk spatial differentiation of soil in the study area is 0.016–0.425. The spatial differentiation of non-carcinogenic risk of Hg, As, Ni, Pb, Cd and Cr and the spatial differentiation of carcinogenic risk of Cr and As are larger, which needs further attention. The strictly controlled area of heavy metal(loid)s health risk in the soil of the study area (R ≥ 1.1) is mainly concentrated in the central, western and northeast sub regions, and most sub regions belong to the safe utilization area (0.9 < R < 1.1). The health risk assessment of heavy metal(loid)s in soil on a town scale is of positive significance for enriching health risk research methods, measuring health risk levels at different scales, and formulating refined risk management and control strategies.
Predicting willingness to donate blood based on machine learning: two blood donor recruitments during COVID-19 outbreaks
Authors: Wu Hong-yun , Li Zheng-gang , Sun Xin-kai , Bai Wei-min , Wang An-di , Ma Yu-chi , Diao Ren-hua , Fan Eng-yong , Zhao Fang , Liu Yun-qi , Hong Yi-zhou , Guo Ming-hua , Xue Hui , Liang Wen-biao
Published: November 2022

Machine learning methods are a novel way to predict and rank donors' willingness to donate blood and to achieve precision recruitment, which can improve the recruitment efficiency and meet the challenge of blood shortage. We collected information about experienced blood donors via short message service (SMS) recruitment and developed 7 machine learning-based recruitment models using PyCharm-Python Environment and 13 features which were described as a method for ranking and predicting donors’ intentions to donate blood with a floating number between 0 and 1. Performance of the prediction models was assessed by the Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score in the full dataset, and by the accuracy in the four sub-datasets. The developed models were applied to prospective validations of recruiting experienced blood donors during two COVID-19 pandemics, while the routine method was used as a control. Overall, a total of 95,476 recruitments via SMS and their donation results were enrolled in our modelling study. The strongest predictor features for the donation of experienced donors were blood donation interval, age, and donation frequency. Among the seven baseline models, the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and Support vector machine models (SVM) achieved the best performance: mean (95%CI) with the highest AUC: 0.809 (0.806–0.811), accuracy: 0.815 (0.812–0.818), precision: 0.840 (0.835–0.845), and F1 score of XGBoost: 0.843 (0.840–0.845) and recall of SVM: 0.991 (0.988–0.994). The hit rate of the XGBoost model alone and the combined XGBoost and SVM models were 1.25 and 1.80 times higher than that of the conventional method as a control in 2 recruitments respectively, and the hit rate of the high willingness to donate group was 1.96 times higher than that of the low willingness to donate group. Our results suggested that the machine learning models could predict and determine the experienced donors with a strong willingness to donate blood by a ranking score based on personalized donation data and demographical details, significantly improve the recruitment rate of blood donors and help blood agencies to maintain the blood supply in emergencies.
Performance analysis of seven Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) with transfer learning for Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC) grading in breast histopathological images
Authors: Voon Wingates , Hum Yan Chai , Tee Yee Kai , Yap Wun-She , Salim Maheza Irna Mohamad , Tan Tian Swee , Mokayed Hamam , Lai Khin Wee
Published: November 2022

Computer-aided Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC) grading classification systems based on deep learning have shown that deep learning may achieve reliable accuracy in IDC grade classification using histopathology images. However, there is a dearth of comprehensive performance comparisons of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) designs on IDC in the literature. As such, we would like to conduct a comparison analysis of the performance of seven selected CNN models: EfficientNetB0, EfficientNetV2B0, EfficientNetV2B0-21k, ResNetV1-50, ResNetV2-50, MobileNetV1, and MobileNetV2 with transfer learning. To implement each pre-trained CNN architecture, we deployed the corresponded feature vector available from the TensorFlowHub, integrating it with dropout and dense layers to form a complete CNN model. Our findings indicated that the EfficientNetV2B0-21k (0.72B Floating-Point Operations and 7.1 M parameters) outperformed other CNN models in the IDC grading task. Nevertheless, we discovered that practically all selected CNN models perform well in the IDC grading task, with an average balanced accuracy of 0.936 ± 0.0189 on the cross-validation set and 0.9308 ± 0.0211on the test set.
Corneal elastic property investigated by terahertz technology
Authors: Ke Lin , Zhang Lei , Zhang Nan , Wu Qing Yang Steve , Leong Hai Sheng , Abdelaziem Ali , Mehta Jodhbir S. , Liu Yu-Chi
Published: November 2022

Terahertz (THz) spectroscopy technique has been applied in ex vivo biomechanical properties analysis of human corneas. Upon the application of light pressure on the cornea, the photo elastic birefringent effect, anisotropic deformation, thickness changes and hydration levels will contribute to the sudden phase changes of terahertz time domain signal. The shelf lifetime study shows that the phase shift is reduced and cornea loose the biomechanical properties with the increase of hydration level. Mechanical behaviors have been further studied based on the “fresh” cut corneas with the similar hydration levels. THz signal was collected by focusing inside of the cornea to avoid the phase shift due to light stress caused movement of the corneal surface. By this way, the amount of THz signal refractive index variation is correlated to the elastic property of the corneas. The correlation between the THz signal phase shift and refractive index shift due to the corneal strain can be used to derive the elastic Young’s modulus. Our results demonstrated the THz spectroscopy, as a non-contact and non-invasive detection method, could be potential for understanding the mechanism of corneal deformation under the action of intraocular pressure in the physiological environment in future.
Acoustic and visual cetacean surveys reveal year-round spatial and temporal distributions for multiple species in northern British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Frouin-Mouy Héloïse , Mouy Xavier , Pilkington James , Küsel Elizabeth , Nichol Linda , Doniol-Valcroze Thomas , Lee Lynn
Published: November 2022

Cetaceans spend most of their time below the surface of the sea, highlighting the importance of passive acoustic monitoring as a tool to facilitate understanding and mapping their year-round spatial and temporal distributions. To increase our limited knowledge of cetacean acoustic detection patterns for the east and west coasts of Gwaii Haanas, a remote protected area on Haida Gwaii, BC, Canada, acoustic datasets recorded off SG̱ang Gwaay (Sep 2009–May 2011), Gowgaia Slope (Jul 2017–Jul 2019), and Ramsay Island (Aug 2018–Aug 2019) were analyzed. Comparing overlapping periods of visual surveys and acoustic monitoring confirmed presence of 12 cetacean species/species groups within the study region. Seasonal patterns were identified for blue, fin, humpback, grey and sperm whale acoustic signals. Killer whale and delphinid acoustic signals occurred year-round on both coasts of Haida Gwaii and showed strong diel variation. Cuvier’s, Baird’s, beaked whale and porpoise clicks, were identified in high-frequency recordings on the west coast. Correlations between environmental factors, chlorophyll-a and sea surface temperature, and cetacean acoustic occurrence off Gwaii Haanas were also examined. This study is the first to acoustically monitor Gwaii Haanas waters for an extended continuous period and therefore serves as a baseline from which to monitor future changes.
Recent advances in use of bio-inspired jellyfish search algorithm for solving optimization problems
Authors: Chou Jui-Sheng , Molla Asmare
Published: November 2022

The complexity of engineering optimization problems is increasing. Classical gradient-based optimization algorithms are a mathematical means of solving complex problems whose ability to do so is limited. Metaheuristics have become more popular than exact methods for solving optimization problems because of their simplicity and the robustness of the results that they yield. Recently, population-based bio-inspired algorithms have been demonstrated to perform favorably in solving a wide range of optimization problems. The jellyfish search optimizer (JSO) is one such bio-inspired metaheuristic algorithm, which is based on the food-finding behavior of jellyfish in the ocean. According to the literature, JSO outperforms many well-known meta-heuristics in a wide range of benchmark functions and real-world applications. JSO can also be used in conjunction with other artificial intelligence-related techniques. The success of JSO in solving diverse optimization problems motivates the present comprehensive discussion of the latest findings related to JSO. This paper reviews various issues associated with JSO, such as its inspiration, variants, and applications, and will provide the latest developments and research findings concerning JSO. The systematic review contributes to the development of modified versions and the hybridization of JSO to improve upon the original JSO and present variants, and will help researchers to develop superior metaheuristic optimization algorithms with recommendations of add-on intelligent agents.
Assessment of ground deformation and seismicity in two areas of intense hydrocarbon production in the Argentinian Patagonia
Authors: Tamburini-Beliveau Guillermo , Grosso-Heredia Javier A. , Béjar-Pizarro Marta , Pérez-López Raúl , Portela Juan , Cismondi-Duarte Martín , Monserrat Oriol
Published: November 2022

The exploitation of both conventional and unconventional hydrocarbons may lead to still not well-known environmental consequences such as ground deformation and induced/triggered seismicity. Identifying and characterizing these effects is fundamental for prevention or mitigation purposes, especially when they impact populated areas. Two case studies of such effects on hydrocarbon-producing basins in Argentina, the Neuquén and the Golfo de San Jorge, are presented in this work. The intense hydrocarbon production activities in recent years and their potential link with the occurrence of two earthquakes of magnitude 4.9 and 5 near the operating well fields is assessed. A joint analysis of satellite radar interferometry and records of fluid injection and extraction demonstrate that, between 2017 and 2020, vertical ground displacements occurred in both study areas over active well fields that might indicate a correlation to hydrocarbon production activities. Coseismic deformation models of the two earthquakes constrain source depths to less than 2 km. The absence of seismicity before the beginning of the hydrocarbon activities in both areas, and the occurrence of the two largest and shallow earthquakes in the vicinity of the active well fields just after intensive production periods, points towards the potential association between both phenomena.
Effect of radiation-reaction on charged particle dynamics in a focused electromagnetic wave
Authors: Mishra Shivam Kumar , Sharma Sarveshwar , Sengupta Sudip
Published: November 2022

The effect of radiation-reaction force on the dynamics of a charged particle in an intense focused light wave is investigated using the physically appealing Hartemann-Luhmann equation of motion. It is found that, irrespective of the choice of initial conditions, radiation reaction force causes the charged particle to cross the focal region, provided the particle is driven into regions where the radiation reaction force dominates over the Lorentz force, thus enhancing the forward energy gained by the particle from the intense light wave. This result is in sharp contrast to the well known result, derived in the absence of radiation reaction forces, where for certain initial conditions the particle reflects from the high intensity region of the focused light wave, thereby losing forward energy. From the perspective of energy gain, our studies clearly show that the parameter space for forward energy gain which is reduced by ponderomotive effects is compensated by radiation reaction effects. These results, which are of relevance to the present day direct laser acceleration schemes of charged particle, also agrees with that obtained using the well known Landau-Lifshitz equation of motion.
Machine learning-assisted analysis for agronomic dataset of 49 Balangu (Lallemantia iberica L.) ecotypes from different regions of Iran
Authors: Shafagh-Kolvanagh Jalil , Dehghanian Hassan , Mohammadi-Nassab Adel Dabbagh , Moghaddam Mohammad , Raei Yaegoob , Salmasi Saeid Zehtab , Samimifar Peyvand , Abdoli Soheila , Gholizadeh-Khajeh Behnam
Published: November 2022

The Balangu (Lallemantia iberica) species have a high gastronomical impact in the Middle East and Balkan region. It is widely used in the local food industry, such as confectionery, edible oil, and protein food. In this study, 49 ecotypes were collected from different regions of Iran. 37 agronomic traits were measured during the growing season and at harvest time. To find the correlation between the grain yield per unit area, grain yield per single plant (GYSP), oil percent (OP), and protein percent (PP) with other measured traits, which these were utilized as the labels of different machine learning (ML) procedures including Linear Regression (LR), Support Vector Regression (SVR), Random Forest Regression (RFR), and Gradient Boosting Decision Tree Regression (GBDTR). It was observed that there is a linear relationship between the measured agronomic traits and the considered labels. So, the LR, RFR, and GBDTR models showed the lowest mean absolute error, mean square error, and root mean square error than SVR models and good prediction ability of the test data. Although, the RFR and GBDTR have naturally lower bias than other methods in this study, but the GBDTR scheme is preferred because of the over-fitting shortcoming of the RFR technique. The GBDTR method showed better results rather than the other ML regression methods according to the RMSE 3.302, 0.040, 0.028, and 0.060 for GYUA, GYSP, OP, and PP, respectively.
Study on the chemical compositions and microbial communities of cigar tobacco leaves fermented with exogenous additive
Authors: Hu Wanrong , Cai Wen , Zheng Zhaojun , Liu Yuanfa , Luo Cheng , Xue Fang , Li Dongliang
Published: November 2022

Fermentation process plays an important role in the biochemical properties and quality of cigar tobacco leaves (CTLs). In industry, exogenous additive (EA) was usually adopted for improving the quality of CTLs during fermentation. However, the mechanism of enhanced quality of CTLs fermented with EA was confused. Herein, the chemical compositions and microbial communities of CTLs during fermentation with EA were analyzed. The increased contents of total nitrogen and total sugar, as well as the improved consumption rate of reducing sugar in CTLs were found with the addition of EA. Besides, fermentation with EA reduced the content of total nonvolatile organic acid, especially unsaturated fatty acid. The contents of total and several representative aroma components were improved. Additionally, the increased abundance of Staphylococcus and decreased abundance of Aspergillus were detected. Combined with the changes of chemical compositions and microbial communities, it was confirmed that the carbohydrates and alcohols originated from EA promote the enrichment of Staphylococcus and accelerate biochemical reactions, such as Maillard reaction and esterification reaction, thus improving the contents and quality of aroma components in CTLs. This study demonstrated the mechanism of enhanced quality of CTLs fermented by EA, which provides more ideas for developing novel and efficient EAs.
The minimality of mean square error in chirp approximation using fractional fourier series and fractional fourier transform
Authors: Bafakeeh Omar T. , Yasir Muhammad , Raza Ali , Khan Sami Ullah , Kumar R. Naveen , Khan M. Ijaz , Almaleki Deyab A. , Khedher Nidhal Ben , Eldin Sayed M. , Galal Ahmed M.
Published: November 2022

Chirps are familiar in nature, have a built-in resistance to noise and interference, and are connected to a wide range of highly oscillatory processes. Detecting chirp oscillating patterns by traditional Fourier series is challenging because the chirp frequencies constantly change over time. Estimating such types of functions considering the partial sums of a Fourier series in Fourier analysis does not permit an approximate solution, which entails more Fourier coefficients required for signal reconstruction. The standard Fourier series, therefore, has a poor convergence rate and is an inadequate approximation. In this study, we use a parameterized orthonormal basis with an adjustable parameter to match the oscillating behavior of the chirp to approximate linear chirps using the partial sums of a generalized Fourier series known as fractional Fourier series, which gives the best approximation with only a small number of fractional Fourier coefficients. We used the fractional Fourier transform to compute the fractional Fourier coefficients at sample points. Additionally, we discover that the fractional parameter has the best value at which fractional Fourier coefficients of zero degrees have the most considerable magnitude, leading to the rapid decline of fractional Fourier coefficients of high degrees. Furthermore, fractional Fourier series approximation with optimal fractional parameters provides the minimum mean square error over the fractional Fourier parameter domain.
Nonlinear model of infection wavy oscillation of COVID-19 in Japan based on diffusion kinetics
Authors: Tsuruyama Tatsuaki
Published: November 2022

The infectious propagation of SARS-CoV-2 is continuing worldwide, and specifically, Japan is facing severe circumstances. Medical resource maintenance and action limitations remain the central measures. An analysis of long-term follow-up reports in Japan shows that the infection number follows a unique wavy oscillation, increasing and decreasing over time. However, only a few studies explain the infection wavy oscillation. This study introduces a novel nonlinear mathematical model of the new infection wavy oscillation by applying the macromolecule diffusion theory. In this model, the diffusion coefficient that depends on population density gives nonlinearity in infection propagation. As a result, our model accurately simulated infection wavy oscillations, and the infection wavy oscillation frequency and amplitude were closely linked with the recovery rate of infected individuals. In conclusion, our model provides a novel nonlinear contact infection analysis framework.
Effect of oxide layers formed by thermal oxidation on mechanical properties and NaCl-induced hot corrosion behavior of TC21 Ti-alloy
Authors: Ahmed Fathy S. , El-Zomor Mohamed A. , Ghazala Magdy S. Abo , Elshaer Ramadan N.
Published: November 2022

In the current study on TC21 Ti-alloy (6.5Al–3Mo–1.9Nb–2.2Sn–2.2Zr–1.5Cr), the thermal oxidation formed oxide layers that considerably influenced mechanical properties (hardness and wear). TC21 specimens were oxidized at 600, 700, 800, and 900 °C for 5, 20, and 50 h. NaCl-induced hot corrosion testing was carried out on raw (un-oxidized) and oxidized specimens at 600 and 800 °C for 50 h. The cyclic testing was performed at 600 °C for durations of 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 h. The average thickness of the layer grew with increasing oxidation time and temperature. A thin oxide layer (average 0.16 µm) was generated by oxidation at a temperature of 600 °C for a duration of 5 h, and at 800 °C, a large oxide layer of 10.8 µm thickness was formed. The most significant surface hardness of 1000 ± 150 HV0.05 was produced for the layer oxidized at 900 °C. On the other hand, the lowest hardness of 360 ± 150 HV0.05 was recorded for the raw materials. Best wear resistance had been achieved for specimens oxidized at 800 °C. During NaCl hot corrosion test, the weight loss of the raw specimen was 6.4 mg/cm2 due to the flaking off of the corrosion product. However, for specimens oxidized at 600 °C for 50 h, weight loss after corrosion testing was 0.54 mg/cm2, less than that of the specimen before corrosion. Oxidized specimens at 800 °C exhibited the best mechanical characteristics and corrosion resistance.
Living on the sea-coast: ranging and habitat distribution of Asiatic lions
Authors: Ram Mohan , Sahu Aradhana , Tikadar Shyamal , Jayawant Harshal , Jhala Lahar , Zala Yashpal , Venkataraman Meena
Published: November 2022

Endangered Asiatic lions (Panthera leo persica) are renowned for their resilience and as a flagship of successful conservation and management. Lions dispersing out of the Gir forest have established themselves in the coastal habitats for about 25 years. We propose that the home range and spatial distribution of lions inhabiting the coastal habitats would be distinct from the forested habitats of the protected area. Each individual was monitored for an average of 367.2 ± 99.05 days from 2019 to 2021. The mean core area was 33.8 km2 (50% FK, SE 8.7 km2) and the overall average range was 171.8 km2 (90% FK, SE 40.5 km2). The home ranges were significantly larger for lions residing in the coastal area compared to lions in the protected area. The lion distribution model was built on MaxEnt, and inputs included location fixes of lions and variables, including 18 land use categories and Euclidean distance to linear infrastructures and human settlements. Lions were shown to use forest habitat patches extensively, followed by available habitats around water sources and wasteland. The study highlights the importance of corridors connecting to the Gir protected area and the importance of coastal forest patches for lion conservation and management.
Development of a mid-infrared sensor system for early fire identification in cotton harvesting operations
Authors: Li Yafei , Lu Yang , Zheng Chuantao , Yang Shuo , Zheng Kaiyuan , Song Fang , Li Chunguang , Ye Weilin , Zhang Yu , Wang Yiding , Tittel Frank K.
Published: November 2022

A mid-infrared carbon monoxide (CO) sensor system was developed for early fire identification in cotton harvesting operations. Measurements and field deployments on a harvester verified the good practicability of the sensor system.
Porous FeF3/MWCNTs composite cathode promoting high performance aluminum storage
Authors: Li Tongge , Hu Haoyu , Liang Baoqiang , Liu Xiaoqi , Zhang Yu , Cai Tonghui , Xing Wei , Yan Zifeng
Published: November 2022

FeF3/MWCNTs as a cathode for rechargeable aluminum-ion batteries exhibits excellent electrochemical performance, in particular the Fe3+/Fe2+ conversion reaction makes it have great application potential.
A general nickel-catalyzed highly regioselective hydroarylation of unactivated alkenes enabled by the picolinamide auxiliary
Authors: Zhang Lanlan , Luo Chun , Shi Haoran , Zhu Lin , Xu Yuan-Qing , Cao Zhong-Yan , Wang Chao
Published: November 2022

A practical method for regioselective hydroarylation of unactivated γ- or δ-vinyl alkylamines has been reported, enabling facile preparation of highly value-added ε- or ζ-aryl alkylamines.
C–H amidation of 2-aryl azlactones under iridium(iii) catalysis: access to chiral amino acids
Authors: Park Min Seo , Chung Eunjae , Mishra Neeraj Kumar , Han Sang Hoon , Han Sangil , Kim Saegun , Kim In Su
Published: November 2022

First application of azlactone as a directing group in Ir(iii)-catalyzed C–H amidation is described herein. A noteworthy aspect of this method is the synthesis of chiral N-amidobenzoyl amino acids with high enantiomeric excess via organocatalysis.
A switchable DNA origami/plasmonic hybrid device with a precisely tuneable DNA-free interparticle gap
Authors: Erkelenz Michael , Kosinski Richard , Giesler Helene , Sritharan Oliver , Jose Jesil , Saccà Barbara , Schlücker Sebastian
Published: November 2022

A switchable nanophotonic hybrid device consisting of DNA origami and gold nanospheres with a tuneable and molecule-free dimer hot spot for plasmon-assisted molecular spectroscopy is presented.
Flexible and stable copper-based halide scintillator for high-performance X-ray imaging
Authors: Wang Baiqian , Jia Zhenglin , Yang Xin , Lu Shirong , Zhao Jinrong , Sun Zhe , Qian Qingkai , Lin Qianqian , Zang Zhigang
Published: November 2022

A flexible scintillator screen of Rb2CuBr3@polymer has been developed for X-ray imaging with good quality, exhibiting a high spatial resolution of 27.9 lp mm−1and a low detection limit of 63 nGyairs−1.
A reversible pressure-induced bond rearrangement of flexible lanthanide 2,5-bis(allyloxy)terephthalate coordination polymer networks
Authors: Hunter L. R. , Sellars J. D. , Probert M. R.
Published: November 2022

Seven lanthanide coordination polymers are shown to crystallise with two distinct isostructural motifs, early examples can be shown to undergo a reversible, pressure-induced, phase transition to mimic the structures observed later in the series.
Epoxide activation by a silver phosphonate for heterogeneous catalysis of CO2 cycloaddition
Authors: Gao Chao-Ying , Mao Chen , Yang Yang , Xu Ning , Liu Jinglin , Chen Xiaohong , Liu Jinghai , Duan Limei
Published: November 2022

With Brønsted and Lewis acidic sites, a new Ag(i) phosphonate has been developed and verified to have excellent performance in the cycloaddition reaction of CO2 and epoxides.
Manipulation of the 1T-MoS2 domain in a 2H-MoS2 main phase induced by V-doping via a CVD vapor–liquid–solid mechanism
Authors: He Shaodan , Cheng Zhaofang , Xin Duqiang , Zhang Xudong , Zhang Rong , Zhang Xuansong , Liu Ziyu , Zhang Shengli , Xia Minggang
Published: November 2022

Controlled synthesis of 1T-MoS2 in the 2H main phase was achieved via one-dimensional gas–liquid–solid (VLS) growth and two-dimensional gas–solid (VS) edge extension.
Structural insights into self-assembly of a slow-evolving and mechanically robust supramolecular gel via time-resolved small-angle neutron scattering
Authors: Mirzamani Marzieh , Dawn Arnab , Garvey Christopher J. , He Lilin , Koerner Hilmar , Kumari Harshita
Published: November 2022

The current time-resolved SANS study captures different stages of self-assembly process commencing from nucleation as a function of sonication.
New insight into catechol photochemistry: the role of different monomer and dimer configurations in radiation-less decay of the S1electronic excited state
Authors: Bende Attila , Farcaş Alex-Adrian , Falamaş Alexandra , Petran Anca
Published: November 2022

Our study has revealed a number of new conical intersection geometries that explains in more detail the non-radiative relaxation and thus its photochemical behavior of catechol in both monomeric and dimeric (aggregated) molecular configurations.
Combination of explainable machine learning and conceptual density functional theory: applications for the study of key solvation mechanisms
Authors: Ho I-Ting , Matysik Milena , Herrera Liliana Montano , Yang Jiyoung , Guderlei Ralph Joachim , Laussegger Michael , Schrantz Bernhard , Hammer Regine , Miranda-Quintana Ramón Alain , Smiatek Jens
Published: November 2022

We present explainable machine learning approaches for understanding and predicting free energies, enthalpies, and entropies of ion pairing in different solvents.
Electronic state evolution of oxygen-doped monolayer WSe2 assisted by femtosecond laser irradiation
Authors: Wang Lei , Wang Dan , Luo Yang , Xu Chen-Yu , Cui Lin , Li Xian-Bin , Sun Hong-Bo
Published: November 2022

We reveal an excited-state photochemical reaction mechanism for monolayer WSe2 under the Mott density condition, which could be used as an electronic state criterion for femtosecond-laser modified monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides.
Recent advances in subphthalocyanines and related subporphyrinoids
Authors: Lavarda Giulia , Labella Jorge , Martínez-Díaz M. Victoria , Rodríguez-Morgade M. Salomé , Osuka Atsuhiro , Torres Tomás
Published: November 2022

Subporphyrinoids constitute a class of extremely versatile and attractive compounds. Herein, a comprehensive review of the most recent advances in the fundamentals and applications of these cone-shaped aromatic macrocycles is presented.
Synthesis of amphiphilic chiral salen complexes and their conformational manipulation at the air–water interface
Authors: Akine Shigehisa , Nomura Keisuke , Takahashi Mizuho , Sakata Yoko , Mori Taizo , Nakanishi Waka , Ariga Katsuhiko
Published: November 2022

New amphiphilic chiral salen complexes having hydrophilic triethyleneglycol chains and a hydrophobic π-extended metallosalen core formed monolayers at the air–water interface, which showed unique conformational changes upon mechanical compression.
Supramolecular encapsulation of hexaaquacobalt(ii) cations in a hydrogen-bonded framework for slow magnetic relaxation and high proton conduction
Authors: Shao Dong , Zhou Yue , Yang Xiaodong , Yue Jing , Ming Shujun , Wei Xiao-Qin , Tian Zhengfang
Published: November 2022

A cobalt-based hydrogen-bonded organic framework (HOF) was reported to show field-induced single-ion magnet (SIM) behavior and high proton conductivity, representing the first example of a proton-conducting SIM-HOF.
Lateral ion migration accelerates degradation in halide perovskite devices
Authors: Jacobs Daniel A. , Wolff Christian M. , Chin Xin-Yu , Artuk Kerem , Ballif Christophe , Jeangros Quentin
Published: November 2022

The migration of mobile ions in the plane of the substrate is shown to have important effects on device behaviour and stability, especially near electrode boundaries.
Ultra salt-resistant solar desalination system via large-scale easy assembly of microstructural units
Authors: Dang Chenyang , Wang Hua , Cao Yunteng , Shen Jing , Zhang Jia , Lv Letian , Xu Guiyin , Zhu Meifang
Published: November 2022

We propose a salt-resistant strategy that used the gaps created by imperfect chimerism during the easy assembly of microstructural units, to provide a pathway for salt excretion.
Cu fractionation, isotopic analysis, and data processing via machine learning: new approaches for the diagnosis and follow up of Wilson's disease via ICP-MS
Authors: García-Poyo M. Carmen , Bérail Sylvain , Ronzani Anne Laure , Rello Luis , García-González Elena , Nakadi Flávio V. , Aramendía Maite , Resano Javier , Resano Martín , Pécheyran Christophe
Published: November 2022

A new approach for the diagnosis of Wilson's disease based on ICP-MS analysis and machine learning is described.
Facile preparation of core–shell magnetic Fe3O4@ZIF-8-PSS for organic dye adsorption
Authors: Liu Xiaoxun , Zhang Jilin , Lei Yunyun , Dai Zi , Zhao Xiaoya , Liu Guixia
Published: November 2022

A novel core–shell Fe3O4@ZIF-8-PSS adsorbent was synthesized by a one-step method. The maximum adsorption capacity for cationic dye crystal violet (CV) can reach 382 mg g−1, and the adsorbent can be magnetically separated and recovered within 10 s.
A 3D-printed hierarchical porous architecture of MOF@clay composite for rapid and highly efficient dye scavenging
Authors: Far Hossein Shahriyari , Najafi Mina , Hasanzadeh Mahdi , Rahimi Rahmatollah
Published: November 2022

A self-supported, highly porous, 3D-printed lattice structure containing a MOF@clay composite for the adsorption of organic dyes from wastewater was successfully constructed.
Hybrid electroluminescent devices composed of (In,Ga)N micro-LEDs and monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides
Authors: Oreszczuk Kacper , Slawinska Julia , Rodek Aleksander , Potemski Marek , Skierbiszewski Czeslaw , Kossacki Piotr
Published: November 2022

With recent advances in GaN LED technology, we explore a new class of compact, stand-alone transition metal dichalcogenide electroluminescence devices.
Aminoindole and naphthalimide based charge transfer fluorescent probes for pH sensing and live cell imaging
Authors: Sharma Sushil , Srinivas Sai , Rakshit Sabyasachi , Sengupta Sanchita
Published: November 2022

Rotors AIN, AINP and F-AINP showed charge transfer (CT) character, aggregation induced emission (AIE) and temperature-, viscosity- and pH-dependent emission and were used for imaging of the live cancer cell line A549.
Audiology Clinical Practice Patterns in Acoustic Reflex Testing
Authors: Stoup Johnna , Emanuel Diana C. , Kozlowski Amanda , Peitsch Katherine
Published: November 2022

Purpose:

Periodic reports of audiology clinical practice patterns, including acoustic reflex threshold (ART) protocols, provide insights into trends and assist in clinical decision making. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine audiologists' ART protocols, factors influencing audiologists' decision to test, and considerations for mentoring Doctor of Audiology (AuD) students in ART testing.

Method:

This study used a paper survey distributed by mail to a random sample of audiologists. Participants were 102 audiologists, representing diversity across age, clinical experience, and work setting. The survey asked participants to provide (a) demographics, (b) ART protocols, (c) rationale for ART testing, and (d) perspectives on mentoring of ART testing.

Results:

When ART testing is conducted, 100% of respondents conduct ipsilateral ART testing, compared to 75% for contralateral testing. Most use 500-, 1000-, and 2000-Hz stimulus frequencies, and 56% report 4000 Hz. Patient-related factors are the primary reason participants cite for conducting, or not conducting, ART tests. Most supervisor-participants encourage AuD students to conduct ART tests, based on patient-centered and student learning–centered reasons, and use a variety of strategies to guide students when ART findings are unusual.

Conclusions:

Fewer than half (43%) of participants conduct ART testing for all new patients, suggesting it is ancillary to the standard test battery for most participants. When ART testing is conducted, ipsilateral testing only or a combination of ipsilateral and contralateral testing is used. Ongoing trends in ART testing include continued popularity of 500–2000 Hz and ipsilateral-only or ipsilateral plus contralateral testing.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21513987
Revisiting the Rainbow: Culturally Responsive Updates to a Standard Clinical Resource
Authors: Dietsch Angela M. , Mocarski Richard , Hope Debra A. , Woodruff Nathan , McKelvey Miechelle
Published: November 2022

Purpose:

Cultural responsivity is essential for efficacious and affirming clinical relationships. This may be especially important with historically marginalized clients, such as transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) people seeking behaviorally based affirming communication services. We recommend modifications to standard tools for diagnostics and training that otherwise might undermine our efforts to create an inclusive and affirming environment.

Method:

Modifications to the Rainbow Passage, a standardized paragraph utilized for eliciting speech samples in clinical settings, focused on nongendered terminology and the elimination of content with religious connotations.

Results:

The recommended edits to the Rainbow Passage maintain similar length, cadence, and phonetic balance while considering cultural and health care context for TGD people and other clients.

Conclusion:

Simple linguistic changes to a standardized paragraph maintain clinical benefits and facilitate SLP efforts toward cultural responsivity, client engagement, and good clinical outcomes.
A pseudo‐colour enhancement algorithm for high‐bit RAW greyscale image of X‐ray film displaying on low‐bit monitors
Authors: Lv Zhigang , Li Liangliang , Wang Hongxi , Wang Peng , Li Jianheng , Shu Lei , Li Xiaoyan
Published: November 2022

X‐ray flaw detection is widely used in non‐destructive area. The intuitive defect information can be obtained through the X‐ray film, which is usually digitized into high greyscale image by a 12‐bit or 16‐bit, called super 8‐bit, industrial scanner. When an ordinary 8‐bit monitor displays a super 8‐bit greyscale image, it appears loss of detail information, blurring of the image appears and other problems. Therefore, in this paper, a pseudo‐colour enhancement algorithm for displaying high‐bit RAW images on low‐bit monitor was proposed according to the chromatographic mapping relationship based on the visual characteristics of human eye. First, a high grey‐scale pseudo‐colour enhancement algorithm, called HOTM‐HGL, based on hot metal coding was proposed based on the standard film, whose enhancement effect is better than current mainstream algorithms. Second, aiming at the non‐standard film, a new stretching function called RAW‐Optical‐Stretching was reconstructed to improve HOTM‐HGL algorithm, called HOTM‐HGLS algorithm, whose display effect on ordinary monitors was improved in further. Finally, HOTM‐HGLS algorithm was applied in the detection of X‐ray film defect, which was convenient for the capture of defect information in the weld. Compared with the existing algorithms, various indicators have been greatly improved, enriching the amount of information and strengthening the image recognition effects.
Using hybrid multiobjective machine learning to optimise sonobuoy placement patterns
Authors: Taylor Christopher M. , Maskell Simon , Ralph Jason F.
Published: November 2022

This paper presents a new approach to finding optimal patterns for the placement of fields of sonobuoys in a complex undersea environment. We model the problem as a biobjective one, where the aim is to minimise both sensor placement time and uncertainty over target localisation. Both objectives may be important in time‐critical localisation scenarios and our approach allows an operator to choose between different optimal solutions, favouring lower placement time or lower localisation uncertainty as operational circumstances require. We develop a two‐phase algorithm, where an offline multiobjective evolutionary phase finds initial Pareto‐non‐dominated solutions to a static problem and then an online multiobjective reinforcement learning phase finds improved solutions using updated information. We find that the evolutionary algorithm improves significantly on standard grid patterns and that the  reinforcement learning algorithm improves further on the evolutionary phase. The number of sonobuoys required may also be reduced.
Submillimeter observations of molecular gas interacting with the supernova remnant W28
Authors: Mazumdar Parichay , Tram Le Ngoc , Wyrowski Friedrich , Menten Karl M. , Tang Xindi
Published: November 2022

Context. Supernovae (SNe) inject large amounts of energy and chemically enriched materials into their surrounding interstellar medium and, in some instances, into molecular clouds (MCs). The interaction of a supernova remnant (SNR) with a MC plays a crucial role in the evolution of the cloud’s physical and chemical properties. Despite their importance, only a handful of studies have been made addressing the molecular richness in molecular clouds impacted by SNRs. (Sub)millimter wavelength observations of MCs affected by SNRs can be used to build a census of their molecular richness, which in turn can motivate various chemical and physical models aimed at explaining the chemical evolution of the clouds.

Aims. We carried out multi-molecule and multi-transition observations toward the molecular region F abutting the SNR W28, containing 1720 MHz OH masers, well-established tracers of SNR-MC interactions. We used the detected lines to constrain the physical conditions of this region.

Methods. We used the APEX Telescope to observe molecular lines in the frequency range 213–374 GHz. We used non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (non-LTE) RADEX modeling to interpret the observational data.

Results. We detected emission from multiple molecular species in the region, namely CH3OH, H2CO, SO, SiO, CN, CCH, NO, CS, HCO+, HCN, HNC, N2H+, CO, and from the isotopologues of some of them. We report the first detection of thermally excited (nonmaser) CH3OH emission toward a SNR. Employing non-LTE RADEX modeling of multiple H2CO and CH3OH lines, we constrained the kinetic temperature and spatial density in the molecular gas. The gas kinetic temperatures range from 60 to 100 K while the spatial density of the gas ranges from 9 × 105 to 5 × 106 cm−3. We obtained an ortho-para ratio ~2 for H2CO, which indicates that formaldehyde is most likely formed on dust grain surfaces and not in the gas phase.

Conclusions. Our results show that molecules as complex as H2CO and CH3OH can be detected in SNR-MC interactions. This could motivate chemical modeling to explore their formation pathways.
Shock-accelerated electrons during the fast expansion of a coronal mass ejection
Authors: Morosan D. E. , Pomoell J. , Kumari A. , Vainio R. , Kilpua E. K. J.
Published: November 2022

Context.Some of of the most prominent sources for energetic particles in our Solar System are huge eruptions of magnetised plasma from the Sun called coronal mass ejections (CMEs), which usually drive shocks that accelerate charged particles up to relativistic energies. In particular, energetic electron beams can generate radio bursts through the plasma emission mechanism. The main types of bursts associated with CME shocks are type II and herringbone bursts. However, it is currently unknown where early accelerated electrons that produce metric type II bursts and herringbones propagate and when they escape the solar atmosphere.

Aims.Here, we investigate the acceleration location, escape, and propagation directions of electron beams during the early evolution of a strongly expanding CME-driven shock wave associated with herrinbgone bursts.

Methods.We used ground-based radio observations from the Nançay Radioheliograph combined with space-based extreme-ultraviolet and white-light observations from the Solar Dynamics Observatory and and the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory. We produced a three-dimensional (3D) representation of the electron acceleration locations which, combined with results from magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) models of the solar corona, was used to investigate the origin of the herringbone bursts observed.

Results.Multiple herringbone bursts are found close to the CME flank in plane-of-sky images. Some of these herringbone bursts have unusual inverted J shapes and opposite drifting herringbones also show opposite senses of circular polarisation. By using a 3D approach combined with the radio properties of the observed bursts, we find evidence that the first radio emission in the CME eruption most likely originates from electrons that initially propagate in regions of low Alfvén speeds and along closed magnetic field lines forming a coronal streamer. The radio emission appears to propagate in the same direction as a coronal wave in three dimensions.

Conclusions.The CME appears to inevitably expand into a coronal streamer where it meets ideal conditions to generate a fast shock which, in turn, can accelerate electrons. However, at low coronal heights, the streamer consists of exclusively closed field lines indicating that the early accelerated electron beams do not escape. This is in contrast with electrons which, in later stages, escape the corona so that they are detected by spacecraft.
Detection and identification of “black foot” pathogens of grapes in Crimea
Authors: Aleinikova Natalia V. , Galkina Yevgenia S. , Bolotianskaya Elena A. , Arshava Natalia V. , Bozhko Kira N.
Published: November 2022

At the present stage of development, stable economic efficiency of viticulture is possible if a decrease in the viability of grape plants, accompanied by a decrease in their productivity and lifecycle reduction, is prevented. Progressive grapevine weakening can be caused by both climate change and affection of perennial wood by the complexes of phytopathogenic fungi. In the last two decades, in all major grape-cultivating states, the root rot or “black foot” of grapes has been attributed to the most harmful diseases of perennial wood, especially in nurseries and young plantations. Presently, 30 fungal species are known to be associated with this disease, with the most common genera being Campylocarpon, Cylindrocladiella, Dactylonectria, Ilyonectria, Neonectria, Pleiocarpon, and Thelonectria. The article presents the results of laboratory researches and field experiments aimed at studying the etiology of inhibition of grape plant development in the conditions of Crimea. For the period from 2017 to 2021, in the vineyards of Mountain-Valley, South-Western and Central-Steppe Crimea, the affection of bushes of grape varieties ‘Moldova’, ‘Aligote’, ‘Arcadia’, ‘Lora’, ‘Rkatsiteli’ with the disease "black foot" or root rot of grapes was diagnosed for the first time. Using of molecular biological approach based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) made it possible to establish that “black foot” pathogens in Crimean vineyards include Dactylonectria macrodidyma (Halleen, Schroers & Crous) L. Lombard & Crous, 2014 and Ilyonectria destructans (Zinssm.) Rossman, L. Lombard & Crous, 2015.
Digitalization of education and information technologies as a factor of agribusiness development
Authors: Pluzhnikova Natalya N.
Published: November 2022

Digitalization of education is a necessary condition for sustainable development of agribusiness. The article is devoted to analyzing the factors of digitalization of education, among which information technologies are the main ones. For the analysis, the authors used a model for the development of the digital economy in agribusiness, which was also developed in the training of a specialist in the agro-industrial complex. Education is viewed as a subsystem of the digital economy. It is shown that the digitalization of education has both positive and negative consequences not so much for the development of industry as for human development. As conclusions, the article presents forecasts for the development of digitalization of education, which include the improvement of the development and methods of introducing information and communication technologies in education, a constant change in the forms of knowledge assessment, the successful use of information technologies in the training of a specialist.