bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Redox deracemization of diarylmethyl alkynes
Authors: Ma Yingang , Liu Xigong , Mao Ying , Huang Jiancheng , Ma Shutao , Liu Lei
Published: August 2020

A highly effective one-pot redox deracemization of diarylmethyl alkynes has been disclosed.
Visible light driven deuteration of formyl C–H and hydridic C(sp3)–H bonds in feedstock chemicals and pharmaceutical molecules
Authors: Kuang Yulong , Cao Hui , Tang Haidi , Chew Junhong , Chen Wei , Shi Xiangcheng , Wu Jie
Published: August 2020

A selective hydrogen deuterium exchange reaction with formyl C–H bonds and a wide range of hydridic C(sp3)–H bonds has been achieved by merging tetra-n-butylammonium decatungstate photocatalyst and a thiol catalyst under 390 nm light irradiation.
The double life of conductive nanopipette: a nanopore and an electrochemical nanosensor
Authors: Jia Rui , Mirkin Michael V.
Published: August 2020

Conductive nanopipettes: a useful tool for localized detection and analysis of single nanoscale objects.
Driving high quantum yield NIR emission through proquinoidal linkage motifs in conjugated supermolecular arrays
Authors: Peterson Erin J. , Qi Wei , Stanton Ian N. , Zhang Peng , Therien Michael J.
Published: August 2020

Incorporation of proquinoidal BTD building blocks into conjugated porphyrin oligomers minimizes the extent of excited-state structural relaxation relative to the ground-state conformation, elucidating new classes of impressive NIR fluorophores.
Correction: Guest-responsive polaritons in a porous framework: chromophoric sponges in optical QED cavities
Authors: Haldar Ritesh , Fu Zhihua , Joseph Reetu , Herrero David , Martín-Gomis Luis , Richards Bryce S. , Howard Ian. A. , Sastre-Santos Ángela , Wöll Christof
Published: August 2020

Correction for ‘Guest-responsive polaritons in a porous framework: chromophoric sponges in optical QED cavities’ by Ritesh Haldar et al., Chem. Sci., 2020, DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02436h.
Correction: Proving and interpreting the spontaneous formation of bulk nanobubbles in aqueous organic solvent solutions: effects of solvent type and content
Authors: Jadhav Ananda J. , Barigou Mostafa
Published: August 2020

Correction for ‘Proving and interpreting the spontaneous formation of bulk nanobubbles in aqueous organic solvent solutions: effects of solvent type and content’ by Ananda J. Jadhav et al., Soft Matter, 2020, 16, 4502–4511, DOI: 10.1039/D0SM00111B.
Optimal blood pressure for the minimum all-cause mortality in Chinese ESRD patients on maintenance hemodialysis
Authors: Wang Tao , Li Yang , Wu HaiBo , Chen Hua , Zhang Yan , Zhou HuiMin , Li Hang
Published: August 2020

Blood pressure (BP) is a known prognostic marker for mortality in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). However, definition of the BP and its optimal values vary essentially among different MHD populations. Our purpose was to clarify these important clinical parameters in a Chinese MHD cohort. Accordingly, we reviewed the available records of patients on regular MHD during the past 10 years and made a comparison between the deceased (n=81) and survival ones (n=131). Multiple logistic regression and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis were used to examine the effect of BP on mortality and long-term survival, respectively. The all-cause mortality in our patients was 38.2%, in which 49.4% was from cardio-cerebrovascular deaths. Using the multiple logistic regression, we found that the sitting (the same definition hereafter) pre-dialysis systolic BP (SBP) was significantly associated with both the all-cause mortality and cardio-cerebrovascular deaths exclusively in patients of 60–80 years. Moreover, a pre-dialysis SBP of 140–160 mmHg in these patients had the minimum all-cause mortality (23.5%) against that conferred by either a lower (42.1%) or higher SBP value (61.5%). This observation was further confirmed by the Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. As fresh gain to the practice of hemodialysis, our report revealed that BP worked in a time-dependent way among a Chinese MHD cohort and highlighted a U-shaped association between the pre-dialysis SBP and all-cause mortality. These findings may hence help to obtain optimal BP control for better survival and lend some prognostic insight into mortality in these MHD patients.
Multi-omics annotation of human long non-coding RNAs
Authors: Li Qianpeng , Li Zhao , Feng Changrui , Jiang Shuai , Zhang Zhang , Ma Lina
Published: August 2020

LncRNAs (long non-coding RNAs) are pervasively transcribed in the human genome and also extensively involved in a variety of essential biological processes and human diseases. The comprehensive annotation of human lncRNAs is of great significance in navigating the functional landscape of the human genome and deepening the understanding of the multi-featured RNA world. However, the unique characteristics of lncRNAs as well as their enormous quantity have complicated and challenged the annotation of lncRNAs. Advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies give rise to a large volume of omics data that are generated at an unprecedented rate and scale, providing possibilities in the identification, characterization and functional annotation of lncRNAs. Here, we review the recent important discoveries of human lncRNAs through analysis of various omics data and summarize specialized lncRNA database resources. Moreover, we highlight the multi-omics integrative analysis as a powerful strategy to efficiently discover and characterize the functional lncRNAs and elucidate their potential molecular mechanisms.
Communication Limitations in Patients With Progressive Apraxia of Speech and Aphasia
Authors: Utianski Rene L. , Clark Heather M. , Duffy Joseph R. , Botha Hugo , Whitwell Jennifer L. , Josephs Keith A.
Published: August 2020

Purpose

Individuals with primary progressive apraxia of speech (AOS) have AOS in which disruptions in articulation and prosody predominate the speech pattern. Many develop aphasia and/or dysarthria later in the disease course. The aim of this study was to describe the communication limitations in these patients, as measured by (a) the patient via the Communicative Participation Item Bank (CPIB) and (b) the speech-language pathologist via the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association's (ASHA) Functional Communication Measures (FCMs) and an adapted motor speech disorder (MSD) severity rating.

Method

Speech and language evaluations were completed for 24 patients with progressive AOS (
n
= 7 with isolated AOS;
n
= 17 with a combination of AOS and aphasia). Descriptive comparisons were utilized to evaluate differences in communication measures among patients with various combinations of MSDs and aphasia. Differences associated with phonetic predominant or prosodic predominant AOS were also examined. Across the entire cohort, correlations were calculated between the participation ratings and other clinical assessment measures.

Results

The CPIB reflected greater limitations for those with aphasia and AOS compared to isolated AOS, but was not notably different when dysarthria occurred with AOS (
n
= 9/24). Across the cohort, there were statistically significant correlations between the CPIB and ASHA FCM–Motor Speech and Language Expression ratings and the MSD severity rating. The CPIB did not correlate with the ASHA FCM–Language Comprehension or other speech-language measures.

Conclusions

Patients with neurodegenerative AOS experience reduced participation in communication that is further exacerbated by co-occurring language deficits. The study suggests measures of severity cannot be assumed to correlate with measures of participation restrictions and offers a foundation for further research examining the day-to-day sequela of progressive speech and language disorders.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12743252
Mechanisms of Impaired Swallowing on Thin Liquids Following Radiation Treatment for Oropharyngeal Cancer
Authors: Barbon Carly E. A. , Chepeha Douglas B. , Hope Andrew J. , Peladeau-Pigeon Melanie , Waito Ashley A. , Steele Catriona M.
Published: August 2020

Purpose

Dysphagia is one of the most debilitating chronic symptoms experienced by patients who undergo radiation treatment for head and neck cancer. Despite the high prevalence of dysphagia in patients with head and neck cancer, we lack understanding of the specific changes in swallowing physiology that arise in the short-term following radiation therapy and how these changes impact the key functions of swallowing safety and efficiency. This study sought to identify pathophysiological mechanisms underlying impairments in swallowing safety and efficiency on thin liquids following (chemo)radiation for oropharyngeal cancer.

Method

Videofluoroscopic swallowing studies were completed in 12 male patients within 6 months following completion of (chemo)radiation and in 12 healthy male controls. To compare swallowing function and physiology between groups, we analyzed three discrete sips of 20% w/v thin liquid barium per participant. The videofluoroscopic swallowing study recordings were rated for swallowing safety, efficiency, timing parameters, and pixel-based measures of structural area or movement.

Results

The oropharyngeal cancer cohort displayed significantly higher frequencies of penetration–aspiration, incomplete laryngeal vestibule closure, prolonged time-to-laryngeal vestibule closure, and poor pharyngeal constriction. Incomplete or delayed laryngeal vestibule closure was associated with airway invasion, while poor pharyngeal constriction was associated with pharyngeal residue.

Conclusions

This study highlights the primary mechanisms behind impaired safety and efficiency of the swallow in patients following (chemo)radiation for oropharyngeal cancer.
Mineral cloud and hydrocarbon haze particles in the atmosphere of the hot Jupiter JWST target WASP-43b
Authors: Helling Ch. , Kawashima Y. , Graham V. , Samra D. , Chubb K. L. , Min M. , Waters L. B. F. M. , Parmentier V.
Published: August 2020

Context. Having a short orbital period and being tidally locked makes WASP-43b an ideal candidate for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) phase curve measurements. Phase curve observations of an entire orbit will enable the mapping of the atmospheric structure across the planet, with different wavelengths of observation allowing different atmospheric depths to be seen.

Aims. We provide insight into the details of the clouds that may form on WASP-43b and their impact on the remaining gas phase, in order to prepare the forthcoming interpretation of the JWST and follow-up data.

Methods. We follow a hierarchical modelling strategy. We utilise 3D GCM results as input for a kinetic, non-equilibrium model for mineral cloud particles and for a kinetic model to study a photochemically-driven hydrocarbon haze component.

Results. Mineral condensation seeds form throughout the atmosphere of WASP-43b. This is in stark contrast to the ultra-hot Jupiters, such as WASP-18b and HAT-P-7b. The dayside is not cloud free but it is loaded with few yet large mineral cloud particles in addition to hydrocarbon haze particles of a comparable abundance. Photochemically driven hydrocarbon haze appears on the dayside, but it does not contribute to the cloud formation on the nightside. The geometrical cloud extension differs across the globe due to the changing thermodynamic conditions. Day and night differ by 6000 km in pressure scale height. As reported for other planets, the C/O is not constant throughout the atmosphere and varies between 0.74 and 0.3. The mean molecular weight is approximately constant in a H2-dominated WASP-43b atmosphere because of the moderate day/night-temperature differences compared to the super-hot Jupiters.

Conclusions. WASP-43b is expected to be fully covered in clouds which are not homogeneously distributed throughout the atmosphere. The dayside and the terminator clouds are a combination of mineral particles of locally varying size and composition as well as of hydrocarbon hazes. The optical depth of hydrocarbon hazes is considerably lower than that of mineral cloud particles such that a wavelength-dependent radius measurement of WASP-43b would be determined by the mineral cloud particles but not by hazes.
OB stars and YSO populations in the region of NGC 6334–NGC 6357 as seen withGaiaDR2
Authors: Russeil D. , Zavagno A. , Nguyen A. , Figueira M. , Adami C. , Bouret J. C.
Published: August 2020

Aims.Our goal is to better understand the origin and the star-formation history of regions NGC 6334 and NGC 6357. We focus our study on the kinematics of young stars (young stellar objects and OB stars) in both regions mainly on the basis of theGaiaDR2 data.

Methods.For both regions, we compiled catalogs of OB stars and young stellar objects from the literature and complemented them using VPHAS+ DR2 andSpitzerIRAC/GLIMPSE photometry catalogues. We applied a cross-match with theGaiaDR2 catalog to obtain information on the parallax and transverse motion.

Results.We confirm that NGC 6334 and NGC 6357 are in the far side of the Saggitarius-Carina arm at a distance of 1.76 kpc. For NGC 6357, OB stars show strong clustering and ordered star motion with Vlon ∼–10.7 km s−1and Vlat ∼3.7 km s−1, whereas for NGC 6334, no significant systemic motion was observed. The OB stars motions and distribution in NGC 6334 suggest that it should be classified as an association. Ten runaway candidates may be related to NGC 6357 and two to NGC 6334, respectively. The spatial distributions of the runaway candidates in and around NGC 6357 favor a dynamical (and early) ejection during the cluster(s) formation. Because such stars are likely to be ejected during a cluster’s formation, the fact that not as many such stars are observed towards NGC 6334 suggests different formation conditions than have been assumed for NGC 6357.
The halo of M 105 and its group environment as traced by planetary nebula populations
Authors: Hartke J. , Arnaboldi M. , Gerhard O. , Coccato L. , Pulsoni C. , Freeman K. C. , Merrifield M. , Cortesi A. , Kuijken K.
Published: August 2020

Context. M 105 (NGC 3379) is an early-type galaxy in the Leo I group. The Leo I group is the nearest group that contains all main galaxy types and can thus be used as a benchmark to study the properties of the intra-group light (IGL) in low-mass groups.

Aims. We present a photometric survey of planetary nebulae (PNe) in the extended halo of the galaxy to characterise its PN populations and investigate the presence of an extended PN population associated with the intra-group light.

Methods. We use PNe as discrete stellar tracers of the diffuse light around M 105. These PNe were identified on the basis of their bright [O III]5007 Å emission and the absence of a broad-band continuum using automated detection techniques. We compare the PN number density profile with the galaxy surface-brightness profile decomposed into metallicity components using published photometry of the Hubble Space Telescope in two halo fields.

Results. We identify 226 PNe candidates within a limiting magnitude of m5007, lim = 28.1 from our Subaru-SuprimeCam imaging, covering 67.6 kpc (23 effective radii) along the major axis of M 105 and the halos of NGC 3384 and NGC 3398. We find an excess of PNe at large radii compared to the stellar surface brightness profile from broad-band surveys. This excess is related to a variation in the luminosity-specific PN number α with radius. The α-parameter value of the extended halo is more than seven times higher than that of the inner halo. We also measure an increase in the slope of the PN luminosity function at fainter magnitudes with radius.

Conclusions. We infer that the radial variation of the PN population properties is due to a diffuse population of metal-poor stars ([M/H] < −1.0) following an exponential profile, in addition to the M 105 halo. The spatial coincidence between the number density profile of these metal-poor stars and the increase in the α-parameter value with radius establishes the missing link between metallicity and the post-asymptotic giant branch phases of stellar evolution. We estimate that the total bolometric luminosity associated with the exponential IGL population is 2.04 × 109 L⊙ as a lower limit. The lower limit on the IGL fraction is thus 3.8%. This work sets the stage for kinematic studies of the IGL in low-mass groups.
Detection of Na in WASP-21b’s lower and upper atmosphere
Authors: Chen G. , Casasayas-Barris N. , Pallé E. , Welbanks L. , Madhusudhan N. , Luque R. , Murgas F.
Published: August 2020

Optical transmission spectroscopy provides crucial constraints on the reference pressure levels and scattering properties for the atmospheres of hot Jupiters. For certain planets, where alkali atoms are detected in the atmosphere, their line profiles could serve as a good probe to link upper and lower atmospheric layers. The planet WASP-21b is a Saturn-mass hot Jupiter orbiting a thick-disk star, with a low density and an equilibrium temperature of 1333 K, which makes it a good target for transmission spectroscopy. Here, we present a low-resolution transmission spectrum for WASP-21b based on one transit observed by the OSIRIS spectrograph at the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC), and a high-resolution transmission spectrum based on three transits observed by HARPS-N at Telescopio Nazinale Galileo (TNG) and HARPS at the ESO 3.6 m telescope. We performed spectral retrieval analysis on GTC’s low-resolution transmission spectrum and report the detection of Na at a confidence level of >3.5-σ. The Na line exhibits a broad line profile that can be attributed to pressure broadening, indicating a mostly clear planetary atmosphere. The spectrum shows a tentative excess absorption at the K D1 line. Using HARPS-N and HARPS, we spectrally resolved the Na doublet transmission spectrum. An excess absorption at the Na doublet is detected during the transit, and shows a radial velocity shift consistent with the planet orbital motion. We proposed a metric to quantitatively distinguish hot Jupiters with relatively clear atmospheres from others, and WASP-21b has the largest metric value among all the characterized hot Jupiters. The detection of Na both in the lower and upper atmospheres of WASP-21b reveals that it is an ideal target for future follow-up observations, providing the opportunity to understand the nature of its atmosphere across a wide range of pressure levels.
Effects of salinity on species composition of zooplankton on Hau River, Mekong Delta, Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Cong Trang , Vila-Gispert Anna , Quintana Xavier D. , Van Hoa Au , Nguyen Thanh Phunong , Ut Vu Ngoc
Published: August 2020

The area surrounding the Hau River is one of the most important aquaculture and fisheries areas in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Fish, shrimp farms and fishers rely of the natural zooplankton production in the incoming water to sustain production. Zooplankton samples were collected from July 2017 to June 2018 using a zooplankton net with mesh size of 60 μm at 3 sites on Hau river at Tran De (river mouth), Dai Ngai (midpoint) and Cai Con (farthest salt intrusion area on Hau river). Qualitative and quantitative samples of zooplankton together with salinity level were determined monthly at each sites. The salinity was found to fluctuate from 0 to 20‰ in the study area. A total of 137 zooplankton species were recorded including 26 species of Protozoa (19%), 47 species of Rotifera (34%), 12 species of Cladocera (9%), 44 species of Copepoda (32%) and 8 other taxon (6%). Copepod and rotifer prevailed with high densities (19.9 × 103 ind m−3 and 19.7 × 103 ind m−3, respectively), whereas protozoa and cladocera were less abundant with 6.8 × 103 ind m−3 and 4.9 × 103 ind m−3, respectively. When salinity increased to more than 5, protozoa and copepods were more abundant and reached a peak at 20 with 25.0 × 1036 ind m−3 and 53.0 × 103 ind m−3, respectively. Regression analysis indicated that the density of zooplankton was significantly correlated to salinity variation. Protozoa and copepod were positively correlated with salinity, whereas cladocera and rotifer were negatively correlated with salinity. The impacts of climate change could exacerbate the seasonal fluctuations in salinity and zooplankton composition.
The values and the uses of the reference monetary value of the man.sievert. Results of an international survey
Authors: Andresz S. , Jobert T. , Schieber C.
Published: August 2020

For complex radiation protection project, decision-aiding techniques, such as Cost-Benefit Analysis can be used. In 1973, the International Commission on Radiological Protection introduced the “reference monetary value of the man.sievert” to convert the benefit of a radiation protection option (averted exposure) in monetary term for comparison with it is cost. In 2017, an international survey has collected the reference monetary values of nuclear utilities and regulatory authorities. This article presents the data collected and analyzes them. Over the 220 reactors who answered, 176 (80%) are using the concept, expressing its longevity and relevance for optimization purposes. The utilities can use single value or set of reference values varying with the level of exposure. This survey also highlights the emergence of mixed and flexible systems. The collected values are largely spread (ratio 1:10 at least) and this is the opportunity to discuss the influence of the method used to calculate the reference value and notably the related concept of the Value of a human Statistical Life (VSL).
Medical staff perceptions of risk communication needs for the public and comparison with the needs expressed by the public
Authors: Yoshida Y. , Yoshida Y.
Published: August 2020

Risk communication programs about radiation exposure should be conducted continuously and rigorously by healthcare workers in the Tohoku region in order to reduce the stress caused by radiation exposure. This study aimed to compare the perception by medical staff of the public need to the public need as defined in a previous study, as well as examine the level of perception among healthcare workers of the two concepts “as low as reasonably achievable” (ALARA), and Regulatory Sciences. These two concepts were expected to be the ones to impart information regarding the effect of radiation on the human body during risk communication. The results showed differences between the public perception of risks and belief of what the public risk perception was by the medical staff. In addition, only 23.5% and 16.5% medical doctors had accurate perception of ALARA and Regulatory Sciences in Japan, respectively, even after the great East Japan Earthquake., ALARA and Regulatory Sciences should be added to healthcare workers’ education curriculums to enhance their knowledge level of these concepts. From the viewpoint of laypersons, public health awareness programs conducted by the local and central governments ranked fourth and fifth respectively as sources of information. One of the reasons was that, to some extent, the attitude of the central government seemed apt to be overbearing to laypersons. Therefore, we also believe that medical doctors are expected to be intermediaries between central/local governments and laypersons.
Automatic detection of different types of small-bowel lesions on capsule endoscopy images using a newly developed deep convolutional neural network
Authors: Otani Keita , Nakada Ayako , Kurose Yusuke , Niikura Ryota , Yamada Atsuo , Aoki Tomonori , Nakanishi Hiroyoshi , Doyama Hisashi , Hasatani Kenkei , Sumiyoshi Tetsuya , Kitsuregawa Masaru , Harada Tatsuya , Koike Kazuhiko
Published: August 2020

Background Previous computer-aided detection systems for diagnosing lesions in images from wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) have been limited to a single type of small-bowel lesion. We developed a new artificial intelligence (AI) system able to diagnose multiple types of lesions, including erosions and ulcers, vascular lesions, and tumors.

Methods We trained the deep neural network system RetinaNet on a data set of 167 patients, which consisted of images of 398 erosions and ulcers, 538 vascular lesions, 4590 tumors, and 34 437 normal tissues. We calculated the mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for each lesion type using five-fold stratified cross-validation.

Results The mean age of the patients was 63.6 years; 92 were men. The mean AUCs of the AI system were 0.996 (95 %CI 0.992 – 0.999) for erosions and ulcers, 0.950 (95 %CI 0.923 – 0.978) for vascular lesions, and 0.950 (95 %CI 0.913 – 0.988) for tumors.

Conclusion We developed and validated a new computer-aided diagnosis system for multiclass diagnosis of small-bowel lesions in WCE images.
Endoscopic ultrasonography can detect a cause in the majority of patients with idiopathic acute pancreatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Umans Devica S. , Rangkuti Carlos K. , Sperna Weiland Christa J. , Timmerhuis Hester C. , Bouwense Stefan A. W. , Fockens Paul , Besselink Marc G. , Verdonk Robert C. , van Hooft Jeanin E. ,   for the Dutch Pancreatitis Study Group
Published: August 2020

Background Idiopathic acute pancreatitis (IAP) has a 25 % pancreatitis recurrence rate. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) may diagnose treatable causes of IAP and hence prevent recurrence. The goal of this systematic review with meta-analysis is to determine the diagnostic yield of EUS and its impact on recurrence.

Methods PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched for English studies on EUS in adults with IAP. The primary outcome was diagnostic yield. Secondary outcomes included recurrence. Methodological quality was assessed using the QUADAS-2 score. Meta-analysis was performed to calculate the pooled diagnostic yield and risk ratio with 95 % confidence intervals (CI) using a random-effects model with inverse variance method.

Results 22 studies were included, with 1490 IAP patients who underwent EUS. Overall diagnostic yield was 59 % (874 /1490; 95 %CI 52 % – 66 %). The most common etiologies were biliary (429 /1490; 30 %, 95 %CI 21 % – 41 %) and chronic pancreatitis (271 /1490; 12 %, 95 %CI 8 % – 19 %). In 2 % of patients, neoplasms were detected (45 /1490; 95 %CI 1 % – 4 %). There was no difference in yield between patients with or without recurrent IAP before EUS (risk ratio 0.89, 95 %CI 0.71 – 1.11).

Conclusions EUS is able to identify a potential etiology in the majority of patients with IAP, detecting mostly biliary origin or chronic pancreatitis, but also neoplasms in 2 % of patients. EUS may be associated with a reduction of recurrence rate. Future studies should include complete diagnostic work-up and preferably include patients with a first episode of IAP only.
Synthesis of 3-Iodomethyl Sultams
Authors: Kostyuk Aleksandr , Filimonchuk Sergiy L. , Nazarenko Kostiantyn , Shvydenko Tetiana , Shvydenko Kostiantyn , Rusanov Eduard , Tolmachev Andrei
Published: August 2020

A method for the synthesis of iodomethyl-substituted five-membered sultams has been developed. The sultams were synthesized by intramolecular iodoamination of alkenyl sulfamides. The method allows synthesis of N- and C-substituted sultams. NH-Sultams were prepared by acidic cleavage of the corresponding tert-butyl sultams that are readily available. Varying the length of alkenyl substituent at sulfamide it was shown that only five- and six-membered sultams could be prepared by this method. Neither four- nor seven-membered sultams were detected. The simple practical procedure and available starting materials make the variously substituted sultams readily available.
Nickel-Catalyzed Multicomponent Coupling Reaction of Alkyl Halides, Isocyanides and H2O: An Expedient Way to Access Alkyl Amides
Authors: Liu Yunkui , Zhou Bingwei , Li Qiao , Jin Hongwei
Published: August 2020

We herein describe a Ni-catalyzed multicomponent coupling reaction of alkyl halides, isocyanides, and H2O to access alkyl amides. Bench-stable NiCl2(dppp) is competent to initiate this transformation under mild reaction conditions, thus allowing easy operation and adding practical value. Substrate scope studies revealed a broad functional group tolerance and generality of primary and secondary alkyl halides in this protocol. A plausible catalytic cycle via a SET process is proposed based on preliminary experiments and previous literature.
Acute Myocarditis and Eculizumab Caused Severe Cholestasis in a 17-Month-Old Child Who Has Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome Associated with Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli
Authors: Yesilbas Osman , Yozgat Can Yilmaz , Akinci Nurver , Sonmez Sirin , Tekin Eser , Talebazadeh Faraz , Jafarov Uzeyir , Temur Hafize Otcu , Yozgat Yilmaz
Published: August 2020

Cardiovascular involvement is uncommon in pediatric patients with hemolytic uremic syndrome associated with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC-HUS). In this case report we presented a case of 17-month-old toddler who had a sporadic type of STEC-HUS complicated by acute myocarditis. The patient was successfully treated by a single dose of eculizumab after six doses of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) were inefficient to prevent the cardiac complication. Hepatotoxicity was observed after a single dose of eculizumab. Hepatic and cholestatic enzyme levels slowly returned to normal within 6 months. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of myocarditis/cardiomyopathy treated with eculizumab in STEC-HUS. This case illustrates the need for vigilance regarding myocardial involvement and eculizumab-induced hepatotoxicity in STEC-HUS.
Visualizing Opportunity Index Data Using a Dashboard Application: A Tool to Communicate Infant Mortality-Based Area Deprivation Index Information
Authors: Fareed Naleef , Swoboda Christine M. , Jonnalagadda Pallavi , Griesenbrock Tyler , Gureddygari Harish R. , Aldrich Alison
Published: August 2020

Background An area deprivation index (ADI) is a geographical measure that accounts for socioeconomic factors (e.g., crime, health, and education). The state of Ohio developed an ADI associated with infant mortality: Ohio Opportunity Index (OOI). However, a powerful tool to present this information effectively to stakeholders was needed.

Objectives We present a real use-case by documenting the design, development, deployment, and training processes associated with a dashboard solution visualizing ADI data.

Methods The Opportunity Index Dashboard (OID) allows for interactive exploration of the OOI and its seven domains—transportation, education, employment, housing, health, access to services, and crime. We used a user-centered design approach involving feedback sessions with stakeholders, who included representatives from project sponsors and subject matter experts. We assessed the usability of the OID based on the effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction dimensions. The process of designing, developing, deploying, and training users in regard to the OID is described.

Results We report feedback provided by stakeholders for the OID categorized by function, content, and aesthetics. The OID has multiple, interactive components: choropleth map displaying OOI scores for a specific census tract, graphs presenting OOI or domain scores between tracts to compare relative positions for tracts, and a sortable table to visualize scores for specific county and census tracts. Changes based on parameter and filter selections are described using a general use-case. In the usability evaluation, the median task completion success rate was 83% and the median system usability score was 68.

Conclusion The OID could assist health care leaders in making decisions that enhance care delivery and policy decision making regarding infant mortality. The dashboard helps communicate deprivation data across domains in a clear and concise manner. Our experience building this dashboard presents a template for developing dashboards that can address other health priorities.
Potential Role of Growth Hormone in a Pediatric Transient Ischemic Attack
Authors: Farrier David , Sandweiss Alexander J. , Bartlett Brittnie , Abid Farida
Published: August 2020

Growth hormone (GH) is often prescribed in pediatric populations with short stature and is associated with several potential adverse events. One underrecognized potential adverse event is its effect on intracerebral vasculature, with concern for its ability to cause cerebrovascular accident. We present a pediatric case of presumed transient ischemic attack in the setting of chronic GH administration for idiopathic short stature syndrome. We propose potential pathogenic mechanisms for intracerebral vessel stenosis. We hope this case becomes a resource for clinicians and other healthcare providers when deciding whether or not to start GH in their young patients.
An Unusual Case of Isolated Cryptococcal Osteomyelitis of Mastoid: An Enigma!
Authors: Srinivasan Dharanya , Ravichandran Subhashini Puducherry , Ramasamy Karthikeyan , Ganesan Sivaraman , Alexander Arun
Published: August 2020

Cryptococcosis is a disseminated fungal infection commonly affecting the lungs and the central nervous system in immunocompromised patients. Herein we report a rare case of isolated mastoid osteomyelitis due to Cryptococcus neoformans which was initially not recognized due to its uncommon presentation akin to a Betzold’s abscess. A 61-year-old male presented with complaints of left ear discharge for a 1-month duration associated with a swelling in the left side of the neck for which he underwent incision and drainage without any significant improvement. a contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan revealed extensive erosion of the left mastoid cavity with a collection. Intraoperatively, red friable granulation tissue was seen within the antrum, histopathology of which revealed capsulated yeast forms. The patient underwent left canal wall down mastoidectomy along with antifungal treatment. Bone involvement is rare in patients with cryptococcal infection with vertebrae being the most common site of cryptococcal osteomyelitis. The clinical presentation is nonspecific and can pose a diagnostic dilemma, as the condition can mimic both Betzold’s abscess as well as malignancy. CT findings and the use of specific fungal stains in histopathology will aid in diagnosing this condition. The purpose of this case report is to establish the first case of isolated cryptococcal mastoid osteomyelitis in the database of fungal osteomyelitis. The confirmation of fungal osteomyelitis should be based on histopathological examination. The possibility of fungal osteomyelitis should be borne in mind in any case of insidiously increasing mass with unclear etiology so that prompt antifungal therapy with surgical debridement is initiated.
Back to disciplines: exploring the stability of publication regimes in chemistry: the case of the Journal of the American Chemical Society (1879–2010)
Authors: Noel Marianne
Published: August 2020

Based on a case study, this article explores the stability of publication regimes (as defined by Hilgartner (2015, 2017)) in chemistry. Starting with a slight detour via open access (OA) policies, it concentrates on the conditions of editorial production and trade of a scholarly journal, from an historical perspective enriched by a sociology of valuation and pricing. Prices are seen as social constructs as I consider the modalities of market coordination among actors of the publishing enterprise in a major scholarly society, the American Chemical Society (ACS). The study focuses on the Journal of the American Chemical Society (JACS), a periodical that was founded in 1879 by the ACS, of which it is the “flagship” journal. The investigation relies mainly on a detailed examination of the JACS imprint from a diachronic perspective (1879–2010). I describe how scientific papers (as singular entities) gradually entered into a commodity market, first with the page-charge mechanism and the imposition of authors’ fees, up to the emergence of the Article Processing Charge (APC) model, where the authors/institutions pay fees to have the electronic versions of their articles in OA. The proposed timeline in five periods is marked by two points of rupture that correspond to State intervention and the adoption of federal laws. Inherited from the deployment of science regimes in the post-WWII period, revenue collection models were collectively invented by the ACS and its members as successive adjustments to address massive imbalances caused by changes in scientific, institutional, and regulatory environments. Specific market mechanisms and modes of coordination have been put in place to support the development and guarantee the continuity of a disciplinary program (that of chemistry) in the frame of what I call a disciplinary publication regime.
Dolphin-inspired drag reduction coatings clarify the effects of elasticity and viscosity
Authors: Bandari Anashe
Published: August 2020

Dolphins have skin that helps reduce drag and allows them to swim fast. Identifying and mimicking the correct physical properties of dolphin skin in surface coatings can improve the energy efficiency of marine vehicles.
Collinear apparatus for laser spectroscopy overcomes systematic uncertainty limits
Authors: Mandel Savannah
Published: August 2020

A collinear laser spectroscopy apparatus for high-voltage metrology and precision physics experiments is developed.
Novel high-performance piezoresistive shock accelerometer for ultra-high-g measurement utilizing self-support sensing beams
Authors: Jia Chen , Mao Qi , Luo Guoxi , Zhao Libo , Lu Dejiang , Yang Ping , Yu Mingzhi , Li Chen , Chang Bo , Jiang Zhuangde
Published: August 2020

This study describes the design and implementation of a novel high-performance piezoresistive accelerometer for the measurement of shock acceleration of up to 100 000 g. The structure of the accelerometer sensing chip was implemented with piezoresistive self-support beams. The piezoresistors were made in piezoresistive sensing micro-beams, which were independent of support beams, to weaken the correlation between measuring sensitivity and resonant frequency. In this way, the measuring sensitivity of the proposed novel piezoresistive accelerometer could be increased without sacrificing resonant frequency. The optimization of structural dimensions of the sensing chip was conducted through finite element method simulations. The sensing chip was fabricated employing bulk-micromachining technology with a silicon-on-insulator wafer. The fabricated accelerometer was encapsulated in stainless shell and evaluated using the Hopkinson bar system. Results demonstrated the proposed accelerometer with the measuring sensitivity of 0.54 µV/g/V and the resonant frequency of 445 kHz.
Ion accumulation by a dust cloud in a dc discharge
Authors: Polyakov Dmitry , Shumova Valeria , Vasilyak Leonid
Published: August 2020

The ion accumulation within the negatively charged dust cloud embedded in a plasma of dc glow discharge has been studied numerically under the conditions corresponding to recent experiments. The characteristics of neon plasma in a positive column of dc discharge with various densities of micron-sized particles have been simulated by a diffusion-drift model with the use of experimental values of parameters of dust clouds. The model considers an additional gas heating associated with the presence of a dust component. It has been shown that the injection of dust particles into a plasma can either reduce the density of ions due to their recombination on dust particles or increase it due to the formation of an ion concentrator. Conditions under which the plasma-dust cloud represents an ion concentrator have been found; the density of ions in this trap can be several times higher than that in a discharge without dust particles. The method of elevating the ion density with dust particles has been shown to be more efficient than increasing the discharge current without dust particles and the value of relative overheating of the discharge with dust particles is many times less. The possibility of obtaining the desired ion density in a dust cloud at different neon pressures and the same discharge current has been demonstrated; it should be emphasized that this is impossible in a discharge without dust particles.
Further, Small-Molecule Pyrolysis Products Derived from Chitin
Authors: Nikahd Maryam , Mikusek Jiri , Banwell Martin G. , Yu Li-Juan , Coote Michelle L. , Gardiner Michael G.
Published: August 2020

In an ongoing study of the products formed on pyrolysis of chitin (4) under a range of conditions, we now detail the isolation and characterisation of the crystalline and hitherto undetected pyridine N-oxide 18 and enamide 19. Pathways for the formation of these products have been proposed and subjected to both experimental and computational assessment.
Revealing the origin of multiphasic dynamic behaviors in cyanobacteriochrome
Authors: Wang Dihao , Li Xiankun , Zhang Sheng , Wang Lijuan , Yang Xiaojing , Zhong Dongping
Published: August 2020

Significance

Cyanobacteriochromes detect a broad range of light conditions to regulate various physiological processes in cyanobacteria. However, the initial photoinduced isomerization reaction in cyanobacteriochromes has not been well understood. The coupling motion of the excited chromophore with the local protein environment has not been carefully addressed and the often-observed multiphasic dynamic behavior was mostly attributed to the ground-state heterogeneity. Here, by integrating both femtosecond-resolved fluorescence and absorption methods, we revealed significant active-site solvation and thus elucidate a new molecular picture of photoisomerization, paving the way to explain many observations in cyanobacteriochromes and phytochromes.
Identifying collagen VI as a target of fibrotic diseases regulated by CREBBP/EP300
Authors: Williams Lynn M. , McCann Fiona E. , Cabrita Marisa A. , Layton Thomas , Cribbs Adam , Knezevic Bogdan , Fang Hai , Knight Julian , Zhang Mingjun , Fischer Roman , Bonham Sarah , Steenbeek Leenart M. , Yang Nan , Sood Manu , Bainbridge Chris , Warwick David , Harry Lorraine , Davidson Dominique , Xie Weilin , Sundstrӧm Michael , Feldmann Marc , Nanchahal Jagdeep
Published: August 2020

Significance

Fibrosis remains a major unmet medical need as therapeutic targets discovered in animal models have failed to translate. A major challenge for identifying novel targets is the limited availability of early-stage human disease tissue. Here, we utilize Dupuytren’s disease (DD), a common localized fibrotic disorder, to evaluate the impact of epigenetic regulation of myofibroblasts and identify potential tractable targets in human fibrosis. We demonstrate that the epigenetic regulator CREBBP/EP300 is a critical determinant of the profibrotic phenotype. Furthermore, we identify collagen VI to be a key downstream target of CREBBP/EP300 and reveal valuable insights in the role it plays in key profibrotic functions, including contractile force, chemotaxis, and wound healing, and hence its potential as a therapeutic target.
Constraining the atmospheric OCS budget from sulfur isotopes
Authors: Hattori Shohei , Kamezaki Kazuki , Yoshida Naohiro
Published: August 2020

Significance

Carbonyl sulfide (OCS) is a key proxy of the global photosynthesis rate, but the greatest uncertainty in the OCS cycle is its missing source. Our unique method of measuring sulfur isotope ratios (
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S/
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S) of OCS was used in this study to distinguish oceanic and anthropogenic OCS sources. A north–south latitudinal gradient in the
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S ratio of OCS was found, corresponding to OCS concentrations during wintertime within eastern Asia, providing evidence of the importance of anthropogenic OCS emissions from China. Sulfur isotopic constraints of the atmospheric OCS budget revealed that anthropogenic OCS sources, and not only oceanic OCS sources, are likely to be major constituents of the missing source of atmospheric OCS.
Prolegomena to a theory of chorophorics
Authors: Ursini Francesco-Alessio
Published: August 2020

The goal of this paper is to offer a theoretical analysis of chorophorics, a recently proposed pro-formal category that can refer either to “places”, or to locations as arguments of spatial relations. It is suggested that chorophorics are a common category that displays heterogeneous morphological properties but homogeneous syntactic distribution and semantic interpretation. Evidence supporting this argument is offered via eight genetically unrelated languages. The evidence shows that at least three different types of chorophorics can be individuated across languages: chorophorics as a sub-type of prepositions, of case-marked nouns or of postpositions. A formal account is offered, based on a Lexical Syntax analysis. The account shows that chorophorics share a similar distribution with prepositional phrases and receive their “place” sense from their distribution in discourse contexts.
Sialic acid sulfation is induced by the antibiotic treatment in mammalian cells
Authors: Ertunc Nursah , Sato Chihiro , Kitajima Ken
Published: August 2020

Sialic acids (Sias) are an outermost-situated sugar of glycoproteins and glycolipids to play important roles in various biological phenomena. They are often modified by additional substituents, such as O-acetyl group, to display more than 50 different structures in nature. Of those modified Sia, nothing is known about the occurrence and biological functions of sulfated Sias (SiaSs) in mammals. To elucidate the significance of sialic acid sulfation, we investigated various mammalian-cultured cell lines for the expression of SiaS using the specific antibody 3G9. First, SiaS is expressed in a cell line-dependent and a cell density-dependent manner. Second, in CHO cells, the expression of SiaS is reversibly induced by treatment with the antibiotic G418. Taken together, the expression of SiaS is changed by intrinsic and extrinsic factors in mammalian cells. This is the first demonstration of regulated expression of SiaS.
Pre-assembled Ca2+ entry units and constitutively active Ca2+ entry in skeletal muscle of calsequestrin-1 knockout mice
Authors: Michelucci Antonio , Boncompagni Simona , Pietrangelo Laura , Takano Takahiro , Protasi Feliciano , Dirksen Robert T.
Published: August 2020

Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is a ubiquitous Ca2+ influx mechanism triggered by depletion of Ca2+ stores from the endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum (ER/SR). We recently reported that acute exercise in WT mice drives the formation of Ca2+ entry units (CEUs), intracellular junctions that contain STIM1 and Orai1, the two key proteins mediating SOCE. The presence of CEUs correlates with increased constitutive- and store-operated Ca2+ entry, as well as sustained Ca2+ release and force generation during repetitive stimulation. Skeletal muscle from mice lacking calsequestrin-1 (CASQ1-null), the primary Ca2+-binding protein in the lumen of SR terminal cisternae, exhibits significantly reduced total Ca2+ store content and marked SR Ca2+ depletion during high-frequency stimulation. Here, we report that CEUs are constitutively assembled in extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) muscles of sedentary CASQ1-null mice. The higher density of CEUs in EDL (39.6 ± 2.1/100 µm2 versus 2.0 ± 0.3/100 µm2) and FDB (16.7 ± 1.0/100 µm2 versus 2.7 ± 0.5/100 µm2) muscles of CASQ1-null compared with WT mice correlated with enhanced constitutive- and store-operated Ca2+ entry and increased expression of STIM1, Orai1, and SERCA. The higher ability to recover Ca2+ ions via SOCE in CASQ1-null muscle served to promote enhanced maintenance of peak Ca2+ transient amplitude, increased dependence of luminal SR Ca2+ replenishment on BTP-2-sensitive SOCE, and increased maintenance of contractile force during repetitive, high-frequency stimulation. Together, these data suggest that muscles from CASQ1-null mice compensate for the lack of CASQ1 and reduction in total releasable SR Ca2+ content by assembling CEUs to promote constitutive and store-operated Ca2+ entry.