bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distributed Control and the Lyapunov Characteristic Exponents in the Model of Infectious Diseases
Authors: Bershadsky M. , Chirkov M. , Domoshnitsky A. , Rusakov S. , Volinsky I.
Published: November 2019

The Marchuk model of infectious diseases is considered. Distributed control to make convergence to stationary point faster is proposed. Medically, this means that treatment time can be essentially reduced. Decreasing the concentration of antigen, this control facilitates the patient’s condition and gives a certain new idea of treating the disease. Our approach involves the analysis of integro‐differential equations. The idea of reducing the system of integro‐differential equations to a system of ordinary differential equations is used. The final results are given in the form of simple inequalities on the parameters. The results of numerical calculations of simulation models and data comparison in the case of using distributive control and in its absence are given.
Investigation of the Axial Force Compensation and Deformation Control Effect of Servo Steel Struts in a Deep Foundation Pit Excavation in Soft Clay
Authors: Di Honggui , Guo Huiji , Zhou Shunhua , Chen Jinming , Wen Lu
Published: November 2019

This study presents a comparative analysis of the deformation control effect of the hydraulic servo steel struts and ordinary steel struts of a foundation pit based on the measured axial force of the steel struts, lateral wall deflection, and ground surface settlement due to pit excavation. The results indicate that ordinary steel struts installed via axial preloading exhibit a disadvantageous axial force loss with a maximum value equal to 86.7% of the axial preloading force. When compared with ordinary steel struts, the hydraulic servo steel strut exhibits a superior supporting effect. The hydraulic servo steel strut adjusts the axial force in real time based on the deformation of the retaining structure and the axial force of the struts. Thus, the ratio of maximum lateral deflection to the excavation depth of a deep foundation pit in soft soil is less than 0.3%. Concrete struts undergo unsupported exposure during the excavation process, leading to sharply increasing deformation of the retaining structure. Therefore, regarding a foundation pit with strict requirements for deformation control, the use of hydraulic servo steel struts rather than concrete struts is recommended.
Residual Symmetry Reduction and Consistent Riccati Expansion to a Nonlinear Evolution Equation
Authors: Thiam Lamine , Liu Xi-zhong
Published: November 2019

The residual symmetry of a (1 + 1)‐dimensional nonlinear evolution equation (NLEE) ut + uxxx − 6u2ux + 6λux = 0 is obtained through Painlevé expansion. By introducing a new dependent variable, the residual symmetry is localized into Lie point symmetry in an enlarged system, and the related symmetry reduction solutions are obtained using the standard Lie symmetry method. Furthermore, the (1 + 1)‐dimensional NLEE equation is proved to be integrable in the sense of having a consistent Riccati expansion (CRE), and some new Bäcklund transformations (BTs) are given. In addition, some explicitly expressed solutions including interaction solutions between soliton and cnoidal waves are derived from these BTs.
Difficulties of Management of Multiple Synchronous Bone Tumors in Li-Fraumeni Syndrome
Authors: Huby Marine , Brugières Laurence , Mascard Eric , Gaspar Nathalie , Pannier Stéphanie , Aurégan Jean-Charles
Published: November 2019

Li-Fraumeni syndrome is a rare inherited disease characterized by the early onset of multiple primary malignant tumors. Sarcomas account for more than 30% of all malignant tumors occurring at pediatric age. Furthermore, it was shown that the rates of second cancer were higher in childhood cancer survivors. We report the case of a patient with Li-Fraumeni syndrome who was referred to us with three synchronous skeletal tumors. This unique situation led to difficulties for the medical team regarding the diagnosis of malignancy and the surgical treatment to propose. The discovery of multiple lesions in the extension assessment underlines the usefulness of whole-body imaging for the follow-up of patients with germline TP53 mutations. Most recent guidelines now recommend annual whole-body MRI for screening for cancer patients carrying germline TP53. With this report, we aim to share our experience with this rare situation in order to improve care about these specific cases.
Fabricated of Superhydrophobic Silanized Melamine Sponge with Photochromic Properties for Efficiency Oil/Water Separation
Authors: Hong Peng , Liu Zhu , Gao Yang , Chen Yubin , Zhuang Mingxun , Chen Lijuan , Liu Xiaoxuan , Xiang Hongping
Published: November 2019

Superhydrophobic sponge as potential absorbing material for oil/water separation is attracting great attention recently. However, there are still some challenges to feasibly fabricate superhydrophobic sponge with large scale and low cost. Herein, a novel photochromic superhydrophobic melamine sponge (PDMS-SP sponge) is fabricated by facilely dip-coating and thermocuring of hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxanes mixed with photochromic spiropyran. FT-IR, EDS, and XPS results confirm the successful coating of PDMS-SP upon melamine sponge. The resultant sponge not only possesses excellent water repellency with a contact angle of 154.5° and oil-water separation efficiency with an oil absorption capacity of 48–116 folds of itself weight, but also shows photochromic phenomenon between colorless and purple when it is successively exposed to UV irradiation and visible light.
Consumo de álcool e drogas e participação em violência por adolescentes de uma região trinacional
Authors: Priotto Elis Maria Teixeira Palma , Silva Marta Angelica Iossi
Published: November 2019

Objetivo: identificar a associação entre o consumo de drogas e álcool e a participação em violência de adolescentes da tríplice fronteira, de três municípios/países: Brasil, Paraguai e Argentina. Método: estudo descritivo transversal com 2788 adolescentes estudantes, com amostragem aleatória. Resultados: consumo elevado de tabaco e álcool nos três municípios/países. As meninas consomem mais álcool, adolescentes argentinos consomem mais drogas. Os paraguaios como vítimas tem maiores chances para o consumo de álcool e rogas, os brasileiros como vítimas e vítimas/agressores tendem para o consumo de bebidas alcoólicas. Conclusão: a exposição à violência entre os adolescentes é alta quando é associada ao uso de álcool. Há a necessidade de intervenções como prevenção e educação em saúde nas escolas de uma região trinacional.
Drogas
Authors: Montagnero Alexandre Vianna , Bassan Gabriel , Veloso Laura
Published: November 2019

Objetivo: realizar uma análise semântica dos principais elementos discursivos presentes em publicações nacionais sobre drogas ilícitas. Método: foram utilizados 336 trechos de resumos retirados de 58 artigos publicados em revistas brasileiras entre 2004 e 2014. Quando submetidos ao programa gratuito Iramuteq®, obteve-se a frequência e a classe das palavras, que revelaram os principais elementos discursivos sobre a temática “drogas”. Resultados: os dados se estruturaram em cinco classes divididas em dois grupos, que revelam a frequência do corpus de palavras analisadas: Dados e Usuário, de modo que o grupo “Dados” foi composto pelas classes: a) Epidemiologia (17,5%) e b) Método de pesquisa (31,4%). Já o grupo “Usuário”, pelas classes: c) Atenção em saúde (19,1%); d) Consequências do abuso (16,1%); e) Aspectos sociais (15,9%). Conclusão: os discursos presentes nas perspectivas dos autores apontam a preferência pelas pesquisas investigativas, pela utilização do método quantitativo e as pesquisas relacionaram a temática das drogas a aspectos sócio-políticos e à necessidade de novos planejamentos dos serviços de atenção em saúde.
A percepção de caminhoneiros sobre o uso de substâncias psicoativas no trabalho
Authors: Silva Ramón Araújo , Andrade André Luiz Monezi , Guimarães Liliana Andolpho Magalhães , Souza José Carlos Rosa Pires de , Messias João Carlos Caselli
Published: November 2019

Objetivo: compreender a experiência subjetiva de caminhoneiros em relação ao uso de substâncias psicoativas. Método: utilizou-se método qualitativo de caráter etnográfico. Resultados: os elementos encontrados, tais como elevado índice de consumo de substâncias, corroboram estudos epidemiológicos acerca da temática, acrescentando, todavia, sentidos subjetivos e depoimentos. Conclusão: há uma divergência de opiniões que enfraquece a categoria em relação à negociação por melhores condições de trabalho, ao mesmo tempo que o uso de substâncias ilícitas é considerado normal e não é questionado por parte dos participantes.
O acesso aos serviços de saúde na perspectiva de pessoas em situação de rua
Authors: Cervieri Nayelen Brambila , Uliana Catchia Hermes , Aratani Nathan , Fiorin Priscila Marcheti , Giacon Bianca Cristina Ciccone
Published: November 2019

Objetivo: identificar a percepção das pessoas em situação de rua sobre as barreiras encontradas para garantia do acesso aos serviços de saúde. Método: pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, descritiva, realizada em um Centro de Referência Especializado de Assistência Social (CREAS) e em uma casa de passagem do município da região norte do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. Os participantes foram 11 indivíduos em situação de rua. A coleta foi feita por meio de entrevistas utilizando o instrumento semiestruturado, analisadas por meio da análise temática. Resultados: podese descrever dois momentos: “o viver na rua” e “o acesso à saúde”. No processo de viver na rua, muitos relataram ter se acostumado com a situação de rua. O acesso aos serviços de saúde se deu em pronto-atendimentos devido a situações emergenciais. Experiências positivas e negativas foram relatadas. Conclusão: acredita-se que, ao se compreenderas peculiaridades dessa população e suas demandas, uma assistência de melhor qualidade pode ser oferecida.
A inclusão social de usuários dos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial álcool e outras drogas de um município paulista
Authors: Marchetti Silvana Proença , Saeki Toyoko
Published: November 2019

Objetivo: investigar a inclusão social de usuários em atendimento em dois Centros de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Outras Drogas, na cidade de Campinas – SP, sob a perspectiva dos profissionais que neles atuam. Método: neste estudo qualitativo, os dados foram analisados segundo o método de análise de conteúdo, na especificidade análise temática. Resultados: o estudo permitiu desdobramentos em três categorias: 1-) a visão do profissional sobre inclusão social dos usuários problemáticos de drogas; 2-) o cuidado à inclusão social; e 3-) os limites e potencialidades para inclusão social desses usuários. Conclusão: o posicionamento político-ideológico dos profissionais e suas considerações sobre sofrimento ético-político têm influência sobre os modelos de atenção aos usuários.
Consultoria e ligação em saúde mental na perspectiva da equipe da Estratégia de Saúde da Família
Authors: Zanetti Ana Carolina Guidorizzi , Galera Sueli Aparecida Frari , Souza Jacqueline De , Vedana Kelly Graziani Giacchero , Gherardi-Dona Edilaine Cristina da Silva , Luis Margarita Antonia Villar , Camargo Lisa Laredo de , Marques João Mazzoncini de Azevedo
Published: November 2019

Objetivo: analisar as atividades de consultoria e ligação, realizadas pelos profissionais especializados em Saúde Mental, na perspectiva dos profissionais da ESF. Método: estudo exploratório, realizado em cinco núcleos de Saúde da Família, em um município do interior paulista, em 2010. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas, os quais foram submetidos à Análise de Conteúdo. Resultados: as atividades de consultoria e ligação mostraram-se como um espaço de aprendizado mútuo entre especialistas de Psiquiatria e Saúde Mental e equipes da ESF. Conclusão: recomenda-se a ampliação do número de atividades que articulem as ações de saúde mental com a ESF, como a consultoria e ligação, a fim favorecer a sensibilidade das equipes para as demandas de saúde mental na ESF e consolidação da integralidade do cuidado.
Characteristics and Healthcare Utilization Among Veterans Treated for Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction Who Switched to Sacubitril/Valsartan
Authors: Mohanty April F. , Levitan Emily B. , Dodson John A. , Vardeny Orly , King Jordan B. , LaFleur Joanne , He Tao , Patterson Olga V. , Alba Patrick R. , Russo Patricia A. , Choi Michelle E. , Bress Adam P.
Published: November 2019

Background:

US guidelines recommend that patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), who tolerate an ACEI (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor) or ARB (angiotensin II receptor blocker), be switched to sacubitril/valsartan to reduce morbidity and mortality. We compared characteristics and healthcare utilization between Veterans with HFrEF who were switched to sacubitril/valsartan versus maintained on an ACEI or ARB.

Methods:

retrospective cohort study of treated HFrEF (July 2015–June 2017) using Veterans Affairs data. The index date was the first fill for sacubitril/valsartan and if none, for an ACEI or ARB. Treated HFrEF was defined by (1) left ventricular ejection fraction ≤40%, (2) ≥1 in/outpatient HF encounter, and (3) ≥1 ACEI or ARB fill, all within 1-year preindex. Poisson regression models were used to compare baseline characteristics and 1:1 propensity score-matched adjusted 4-month follow-up healthcare utilization between sacubitril/valsartan switchers and ACEI or ARB maintainers.

Results:

Switchers (1612; 4.2%) were less likely than maintainers (37 065; 95.8%) to have a history of myocardial infarction or hypertension, and more likely to be black, have a lower left ventricular ejection fraction, and higher preindex healthcare utilization. Switchers were less likely to experience follow-up all-cause hospitalizations (11.2% versus 14.0%; risk ratio 0.80 [95% CI, 0.65–0.98],
P
value 0.035).

Conclusions:

Few Veterans with treated HFrEF were switched to sacubitril/valsartan within the first 2 years of Food and Drug Administration approval. Sacubitril/valsartan use was associated with a lower risk for all-cause hospitalizations at 4 months follow-up. Reasons for lack of guideline-recommended sacubitril/valsartan initiation warrant investigation and may reveal opportunities for HFrEF care optimization.
Long-Term Survival After Heart Transplantation at Centers Stratified by Short-Term Performance
Authors: Singh Tajinder P. , Mehra Mandeep R. , Gauvreau Kimberlee
Published: November 2019

Background:

Center differences in short-term survival after heart transplant (HT) are known. We sought to compare long-term graft survival (freedom from death or retransplantation) at currently active United States HT centers stratified by performance for short-term survival.

Methods:

We used the Organ Procurement and Transplant Network database to identify subjects ≥18 years old who received primary HT during 2000 to 2014 at US centers active during 2013 and 2014. Follow-up was available until March 2016. Center case-mix was assessed by computing expected 90-day mortality and short-term performance by 90-day standardized mortality ratio (SMR; observed/expected mortality). Centers were stratified by case-mix as transplanting low-, intermediate-, and high-risk patients and by short-term performance as SMR quintiles. Center-level differences in long-term graft survival were assessed by risk-adjusted, mixed-effects Weibull survival models with center as a random effect.

Results:

We analyzed 25 467 HT recipients at 96 centers. Those receiving HT at centers with superior (lower) 90-day SMR had longer graft survival (
P
for trend <0.001). Survival difference among SMR groups remained significant in 90-day conditional survivors (
P
for trend <0.001). There was significant center-level variation in risk-adjusted graft survival censored at 5 years (
P
<0.001) and with all follow-up (
P
<0.001). Adjusting for 90-day SMR was associated with 62% reduction in center variation in 5-year graft survival and 56% reduction in center variation in overall graft survival.

Conclusions:

HT recipients at centers with superior short-term outcomes have longer graft survival on long-term follow-up. Allocating resources to improve patient care processes and transplant expertise at high-SMR centers may improve short-term and overall survival after HT.
Multimodality Imaging Assessment of Fabry Disease
Authors: Tower-Rader Albree , Jaber Wael A.
Published: November 2019

Fabry disease is a lysosomal storage disease with a variety of cardiac manifestations. Although not specific for a diagnosis of Fabry disease, certain cardiac imaging findings may be highly suggestive of the diagnosis of Fabry disease in previously undiagnosed patients or cardiac involvement for patients with a known diagnosis of Fabry disease. In this review, we explore the current applications of multimodality cardiac imaging in the diagnosis and monitoring of patients with Fabry disease. Additionally, data regarding tissue characterization by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and novel nuclear imaging techniques and their role in evaluating phenotype development is discussed.
Value of Computed Tomography Radiomic Features for Differentiation of Periprosthetic Mass in Patients With Suspected Prosthetic Valve Obstruction
Authors: Nam Kyungsun , Suh Young Joo , Han Kyunghwa , Park Sang Joon , Kim Young Jin , Choi Byoung Wook
Published: November 2019

Background:

We aimed to determine whether quantitative computed tomography radiomic features can aid in differentiating between the causes of prosthetic valve obstruction (PVO) in patients who had undergone prosthetic valve replacement.

Methods:

This retrospective study included 39 periprosthetic masses in 34 patients who underwent cardiac computed tomography scan from January 2014 to August 2017 and were clinically suspected as PVO. The cause of PVO was assessed by redo-surgery and follow-up imaging as standard reference, and classified as pannus, thrombus, or vegetation. Visual analysis was performed to assess the possible cause of PVO on axial and valve-dedicated views. Computed tomography radiomic analysis of periprosthetic masses was performed and radiomic features were extracted. The advantage of radiomic score compared with visual analysis for differentiation of pannus from other abnormalities was assessed.

Results:

Of 39 masses, there were 20 cases of pannus, 11 of thrombus, and 8 of vegetation on final diagnosis. The radiomic score was significantly higher in the pannus group compared with nonpannus group (mean, −0.156±0.422 versus −0.883±0.474;
P
<0.001). The area under the curve of radiomic score for diagnosis of pannus was 0.876 (95% CI, 0.731–0.960). Combination of radiomic score and visual analysis showed a better performance for the differentiation of pannus than visual analysis alone.

Conclusions:

Compared with visual analysis, computed tomography radiomic features may have added value for differentiating pannus from thrombus or vegetation in patients with suspected PVO.
Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Patients With Primary Aldosteronism: A Propensity Score–Matching Follow‐Up Study With Tissue Doppler Imaging
Authors: Chang Yi‐Yao , Liao Che‐Wei , Tsai Cheng‐Hsuan , Chen Ching‐Way , Pan Chien‐Ting , Chen Zheng‐Wei , Chen Ya‐Li , Lin Lung‐Chun , Chang Yi‐Ru , Wu Vin‐Cent , Wu Kwan‐Dun , Hung Chi‐Sheng , Lin Yen‐Hung , Wu Che‐Hsiung , Chang Hung‐Wei , MD Lian‐Yu Lin , Hu Fu‐Chang , Liu Kao‐Lang , Wang Shuo‐Meng , Huang Kuo‐How , Chen Yung‐Ming , Chang Chin‐Chen , Liao Shih‐Cheng , Yen Ruoh‐Fang
Published: November 2019

Background

Primary aldosteronism is the most common cause of secondary hypertension and is associated with left ventricular hypertrophy. However, whether aldosterone excess is responsible for left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction is unknown.

Methods and Results

We prospectively enrolled 129 patients with aldosterone‐producing adenoma and 120 patients with essential hypertension, and analyzed their clinical, biochemical, and echocardiographic data, including tissue Doppler images. The patients with aldosterone‐producing adenoma were reevaluated 1 year after adrenalectomy. After propensity score matching, there were 105 patients in each group. The patients with aldosterone‐producing adenoma had worse diastolic function than the patients with essential hypertension, as reflected by lower e′ (
P
<0.001) and higher E/e′ (
P
=0.003). Multivariate analysis showed that LV diastolic function was significantly correlated with age (
P
<0.001), sex (
P
<0.001), body mass index (
P
=0.002), systolic blood pressure (
P
=0.004), creatinine (
P
=0.008), and log‐transformed aldosterone‐renin ratio (
P
=0.003). After adrenalectomy, the patients with aldosterone‐producing adenoma had significant improvements in LV diastolic function as reflected by an increase in e′ (
P
=0.003) and decrease in E/e′ (
P
=0.002). The change in E/e′ was independently correlated with baseline E/e′ (
P
<0.001) and change in LV mass index (
P
=0.006).

Conclusions

The patients with primary aldosteronism had worse LV diastolic function than the patients with essential hypertension after propensity score matching, and this could be reversed after adrenalectomy, suggesting that aldosterone excess may induce LV diastolic dysfunction.
Tawarruq: Controversial or Acceptable?
Authors: Alkhan Ahmed Mansoor , Hassan Mohammad Kabir
Published: November 2019

The debate about tawarruq (monetisation) has been ongoing, especially with regard to the permissibility of organised tawarruq. The majority of contemporary Sharīʿah scholars, including the Organization of Islamic Cooperation in 2009, ruled that organised tawarruq is impermissible according to Sharīʿah (Islamic law). Nevertheless, organised tawarruq remains a widely-used product in the international Islamic banking industry. Having reviewed the literature and reasons pertaining to the prohibition of organised tawarruq, this research article argues that the prohibition ruling may have been based on certain wrongful practices that existed in the industry, rather than on evidence provided from the Sharīʿah. This research includes empirical work that qualitatively analyses organised tawarruq transactions executed by three Islamic banks in the Kingdom of Bahrain. Using empirical data and analysis provided, this article suggests that the general practice of organised tawarruq might be permissible according to Sharīʿah.
Brentanian Association of Ideas
Authors: Taieb Hamid
Published: November 2019

This paper presents and evaluates the Brentanian theory of association of ideas. The topic of association usually brings to mind British Empiricism, which is often thought to have a monopoly on the matter. Brentano, however, adopts an original, alternative account of association. He argues that all cases of association can be placed under a single general law, that of “habit”. His explicit account of the topic is rather brief; however, his most faithful pupil, Anton Marty, thoroughly developed his master’s views. Marty presents Brentano’s account of association in detail, and endeavours to defend it against rival theories, notably those which hold that the laws of “similarity”, or of what is called “redintegration”, are able to explain all cases of association. First, the paper presents the information found in Brentano himself on association of ideas. Then, it turns to Marty to analyze his developments of the Brentanian view. Finally, the paper evaluates Brentano and Marty’s account by tackling some objections that it may face.
Regulating Public Fundraising in China: The Charity Law and Its Predecessor
Authors: Lai Weijun , Ding Huafang
Published: November 2019

The promulgation of Chinese Charity Law in March 2016 was expected to break the long-term monopoly of governmental charities in public fundraising in China. However, governments’ regulating practices on fundraising seem to be still quite ambivalent during the post-legislation era, indicating endogenous contradictions of the Charity Law. In order to explore the legislative logic of Chinese Charity Law on public fundraising regulation, this paper, employing an analytical framework of state-society relations, historically examines all relevant laws and policies of China that deal with the fundraising regulation issue since the reform and opening-up. It is revealed that a “control thinking” of the Chinese state towards civic fundraising has been dominating the field all the way, and that the recent loosening of state control was compelled by bottom-up social dynamics. The paper argues that, under the constant influence of state control thinking, the institutional adjustments of Chinese Charity Law on opening spaces for civic fundraising tend to be quite passive and endogenously contradictory, leading to both validity and limitations of the law in practice.
Between Independence and Absorption: The Soft Embeddedness of NGOs in Poverty Alleviation
Authors: Zhang Xue , Gan Tian
Published: November 2019

NGOs are faced with the dilemma of action logic in participating in poverty alleviation at the grass-roots level: if they do not embed into local areas, they cannot carry out activities; if they embed too deeply, they will be molded in reverse and cannot realize successful exits. So what action logic will NGOs take in the process of poverty alleviation? Through field observation of H organization which participated in the poverty alleviation project of a pig farm in J village, this paper puts forward the action logic of “soft embeddedness” (SE) on the basis of the theory of “embeddedness” and “soft governance.” SE mainly includes three aspects: the soft relationship embeddedness of culture and custom, the soft resources embeddedness of negotiation by many parties and the soft structure embeddedness of rural regulations and folk conventions. Compared with that of “hard embeddedness” (HE) which emphasizes institutionalism and inculcation, the action logic of SE has its own characteristics. It includes the flexibility of interaction, the strategy of participation and the limited responsibility boundary. The SE action logic helps maintain the autonomy of NGOs, promote the accumulation of village social capital and realize the sustainable development of poverty alleviation projects. At the same time, this paper theoretically complements and extends the interaction between the states and the society as well as the action logic of NGOs in China.
A Case Study of the Interaction between NSOs and Practical NPOs: From the Perspective of Collaborative Governance Theory
Authors: Xiang Xunyu , Xu Yushan
Published: November 2019

This paper employed the multi-case study method to explore the interactions between nonprofit support organizations (NSOs): NPI and three practical nonprofit organizations (NPOs) (X, Y, Z), which is incubated by NPI. By applying the analytical framework of collaborative governance, this paper indicates that a well-developed interactive relationship exists between these two organizations, on basis of equality and voluntary. Meanwhile, they shared a mutual goal and maintain an effective interaction. Consequently, it stimulates the building of collaborative network among social organizations.
An Analysis of Mission-Based Project Governance Strategies of Charitable Organizations: In the Case of the “Aid De facto Orphans” Project
Authors: Xu Wenhui , Dong Wenqi , Cai Min
Published: November 2019

With the idea of governance spreading, governance thinking has also begun being applied in the field of project management, giving rise to an emerging theory of project governance. The nature of charitable organizations and their disadvantage in resource mobilization make it necessary also to apply the idea and analysis framework of governance to project operations and move from project management to project governance. This article will illustrate, through an analysis of the “Aid De facto Orphans” Project that the Changsha City Yuelu District Boundless Love Commonwealth Culture Promotion Association (DAWJ) has launched, that a charitable organization in its process of project governance must also hold fast to its mission and, on the basis of the mission, set objectives of project governance, select partners, build governance mechanisms and control governance performance.
Ethnography and the Fate of Informal Culture: Rereading Paul Willis’ Learning to Labour
Authors: Zhuang Yiyang
Published: November 2019

As the increasing discussion over social stratification and mobility indicates, the idea of “education changes destiny” has progressively been brought into question. In his classic study of British working-class boys from 1975, which is widely read in the fields of sociology, anthropology, and education, Paul Willis uncompromisingly revealed that liberal ideology about equal opportunity was only an empty promise and, more importantly, how the counter-cultural cognition and expression adopted the constraints of the structural conditions and at the same time leads to the reproduction of them. Despite the tragic mechanism behind the contradictory counter-culture, Willis remained optimistic about the radical potential in the symbolic works against dominant discourse. His in-depth ethnographic description didn’t only contribute to the endless theoretical debate about Structure and Process, but also provided a methodological approach encouraging extensive fieldwork, in which he believed the “theoretical uncertainty” lies. Ethnography can really “become the intellectual education of those who are governed,” if the scholars are willing to understand and communicate with the informal cultural groups and believe that their fate can be changed.
Rediscovery and conservation of Linaria cossonii Bonnet & Barratte (Plantaginaceae) in Tunisia

Authors: EL MOKNI RIDHA , PERUZZI LORENZO
Published: November 2019

The genus Linaria Miller (1754: 272) (Plantaginaceae) is the largest of tribe Antirrhineae, including ca. 150 species native to temperate regions of Europe, northern Africa, and Asia (Sáez et al. 2004, Mabberley 2008). The diversity centre of this genus is in the Mediterranean region (Sutton 1988), where 90 species occur (see e.g., Marhold 2011+). The flora of Tunisia includes 21 Linaria species and 10 subspecies, among which 6 taxa are endemic to the country (Pottier-Alapetite 1981, Le Floc’h et al. 2010, Marhold 2011+, Dobignard & Chatelain 2013, APD 2019). Tunisian endemics are still poorly known in terms of frequency, ecology and population dynamics, making difficult to assess their conservation status. Recently, the IUCN Global Red List 2018 (Valderrábano et al. 2018) assessed about 30 Tunisian taxa as Threatened (CR, EN, VU), Near Threatened (NT), and Data Deficient (DD). Among those listed in the latter category, there is Linaria cossonii Bonnet & Barratte (1896: 317), a usually annual herb up to 150 cm tall, growing within coastal sandy pine forests in the NE of Tunisia (CB & NE sensu Pottier Alapetite 1981). This species is rare and was scarcely seen after 1883, i.e. its date of first collection as derived from the protologue.
Application of Convolutional Neural Network Algorithm in Diagnosis of Chronic Cough and Tongue in Children with Traditional Chinese Medicine
Authors: Xiang Zhengke , Tang Min , Yang Huan , Tan Congrong
Published: November 2019

Objective: This paper learns and studies the structure of convolutional neural network in deep learning, automatically extracts feature information, and explores the feasibility of this method in the classification model of chronic cough and tongue in children of traditional
Chinese medicine, and assists in further objective analysis of tongue diagnosis of traditional Chinese medicine. Chemical. Through the research on the relationship between children's cough tongue and TCM syndrome type, severity of illness, disease course and laboratory examination, it provides
objective basis for clinical syndrome differentiation of children with cough. Methods: The tongue images of children with cough and healthy children who met the inclusion criteria were collected and analyzed using DS01-B TCM tongue imager in the absence of interference factors such
as diet and scraping. Images of tongue images on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, and 10th day from the observation date were collected, and the clinical symptoms, signs, TCM syndromes, mycoplasma antibodies, and blood routine results were recorded. The convolutional neural network algorithm is used
to process the data level, including data deletion and tongue segmentation. Results: A total of 134 children with cough were collected as cough group and 30 healthy children were used as control group. The severity of the disease, the course of the disease, whether it is infected with
cough and mycoplasma are closely related, and have nothing to do with blood routine. Conclusion: This study used DS01-B Chinese medicine tongue image instrument to collect and treat children's cough tongue image. The convolutional neural network algorithm was used to analyze the tongue
image, which made the tongue image result more objective and provided an objective basis for clinical syndrome differentiation of children with cough.
Clinical Study of Multiple MRI Sequences for Resection of Craniocerebral Tumors
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Liu Xipeng , Liu Ming , Qiao Jianxin , Cao Bing , Zhang Xiufeng , Shi Daile
Published: November 2019

The aim of this study was to investigate the advantages of DTI, 3D-FSPGR, and BOLD-fMRI combined with neuronavigation for precise tumor resection in brain functional areas. 40 patients with intracranial tumors were retrospectively selected and divided into two groups according to their
wishes. The study group (S) were performed scanning with three sequences (DTI, 3D-FSPGR, and BOLD-fMRI) combined with neuronavigation guided fusion imaging for intracranial tumor resection according to intraoperative imaging suggestions. The control group (C) were only performed conventional
enhanced MRI and resected the intracranial mass using the conventional manner. All the operations were performed by the same surgeon. T-test and chi-square test were used to compare the operation time, rate of surgical resection, and KPS scores before and after surgery. Group S had
less operation time while higher resection rate and better postoperative effect than Group C. DTI, 3D-FSPGR, and BOLD-f MRI combined with neuronavigation can better locate the tumor in the intracranial functional area and improve the accuracy of intracranial resection, thus improving patients'
quality of life.
An Embedded Feature Selection and Multi-Class Classification Method for Detection of the Progression from Mild Cognitive Impairment to Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Cai Jie , Hu Lingjing , Liu Zhou , Zhou Ke , Zhang Huailing
Published: November 2019

Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients are a high-risk group for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Each year, the diagnosed of 10–15% of MCI patients are converted to AD (MCI converters, MCI_C), while some MCI patients remain relatively stable, and unconverted (MCI
stable, MCI_S). MCI patients are considered the most suitable population for early intervention treatment for dementia, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is clinically the most recommended means of imaging examination. Therefore, using MRI image features to reliably predict the conversion
from MCI to AD can help physicians carry out an effective treatment plan for patients in advance so to prevent or slow down the development of dementia. Methods: We proposed an embedded feature selection method based on the least squares loss function and within-class scatter to select
the optimal feature subset. The optimal subsets of features were used for binary classification (AD, MCI_C, MCI_S, normal control (NC) in pairs) based on a support vector machine (SVM), and the optimal 3-class features were used for 3-class classification (AD, MCI_C, MCI_S, NC in triples)
based on one-versus-one SVMs (OVOSVMs). To ensure the insensitivity of the results to the random train/test division, a 10-fold cross-validation has been repeated for each classification. Results: Using our method for feature selection, only 7 features were selected from the original
90 features. With using the optimal subset in the SVM, we classified MCI_C from MCI_S with an accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 71.17%, 68.33% and 73.97%, respectively. In comparison, in the 3-class classification (AD vs. MCI_C vs. MCI_S) with OVOSVMs, our method selected 24 features,
and the classification accuracy was 81.9%. The feature selection results were verified to be identical to the conclusions of the clinical diagnosis. Our feature selection method achieved the best performance, comparing with the existing methods using lasso and fused lasso for feature selection.
Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate the potential of the proposed approach for predicting the conversion from MCI to AD by identifying the affected brain regions undergoing this conversion.
A Novel Improved Multi-Point Matching Based Coronary Disease Quantitative Analysis for Speckle Tracking in Ultrasound Image
Authors: Hui Liu , Xinhua Ye
Published: November 2019

Ultrasonic imaging technology is one of the most direct and effective methods, which can prevent, treat cardiovascular disease, and it can make noninvasive observation and detection of cardiac motion. To calculate accurate myocardial motion parameters more directly, effectively and
accurately, speckle tracking algorithm is put forward. However, the performance of speckle tracking is directly related to the diagnosis effect of coronary disease. Compared with the speckle tracking algorithm based on optical flow algorithm, the speckle tracking algorithm based on block matching
algorithm has advantages of higher tracking accuracy and faster computation speed and better anti-interference immunity. According to the requirements of clinical application, the full search block matching algorithm whose accuracy is the highest is adopted as the basic algorithm of the speckle
tracking algorithm. In paper, In view of the shortcomings of the full search block matching algorithm, the algorithm based on calculating tracking error is proposed. The speckle tracking algorithm based on calculating tracking error has good tracking results, which shows that this algorithm
can effectively improve the applicability, stability and accuracy of tracking in different ultrasound images and multi-point tracking in the same ultrasound images.
Weighted Image Averaging Based Anisotropic Diffusion Denoising Method for Ultrasound Thyroid Image
Authors: Zhang Haiyue , Xu Daoyun , Qin Yongbin
Published: November 2019

Thyroid disease is a frequent occurrence in clinical practice and the computerized analysis of ultrasonography has been becoming the most prospective tool for thyroid disease automatic diagnosis. However, the accuracy of vision-based diagnostic analysis is often reduced because the
quality of ultrasound image is easily corrupted by the speckle noise. Thus, noise suppression is imperative and significant for the thyroid ultrasonography image preprocessing to increase the reliability of subsequent analysis. In this paper, we propose a novel weighted image averaging method
based on anisotropic diffusion filters combination to remove speckle noise and enhance the details of the image at the same time. The method first denoises the image separately by two filters with different performances. The speckle reducing anisotropic diffusion filter can enhance the details
of the image, and the anisotropic diffusion filter can better suppress the speckle noise in the image. In order to integrate the advantages of the two filters and reduce the mutual interference meanwhile, an adaptive weighted image averaging method is further proposed to combine the pixels
of the two denoised images. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method can achieve promising performance on the template images with various noise levels by considering PSNR and SSIM. What's more, it is not only superior to other methods in automatic segmentation, but also
can obtain better visual effect for thyroid images.
Potential of Pan-European Seasonal Hydrometeorological Drought Forecasts Obtained from a Multihazard Early Warning System
Authors: Sutanto Samuel Jonson , Van Lanen Henny A. J. , Wetterhall Fredrik , Llort Xavier
Published: November 2019

Drought early warning systems (DEWS) have been developed in several countries in response to high socioeconomic losses caused by droughts. In Europe, the European Drought Observatory (EDO) monitors the ongoing drought and forecasts soil moisture anomalies up to 7 days ahead and meteorological drought up to 3 months ahead. However, end users managing water resources often require hydrological drought warning several months in advance. To answer this challenge, a seasonal pan-European DEWS has been developed and has been running in a preoperational mode since mid-2018 under the EU-funded Enhancing Emergency Management and Response to Extreme Weather and Climate Events (ANYWHERE) project. The ANYWHERE DEWS (AD-EWS) is different than other operational DEWS in the sense that the AD-EWS provides a wide range of seasonal hydrometeorological drought forecasting products in addition to meteorological drought, that is, a broad suite of drought indices that covers all water cycle components (drought in precipitation, soil moisture, runoff, discharge, and groundwater). The ability of the AD-EWS to provide seasonal drought predictions in high spatial resolution (5 km × 5 km) and its diverse products mark the AD-EWS as a preoperational drought forecasting system that can serve a broad range of different users’ needs in Europe. This paper introduces the AD-EWS and shows some examples of different drought forecasting products, the drought forecast score, and some examples of a user-driven assessment of forecast trust levels.
Incidence Trends and Predictors of In-Hospital Mortality in Drowning in Children and Adolescents in the United States: A National Inpatient Database Analysis
Authors: Umapathi Krishna Kishore , Thavamani Aravind , Dhanpalreddy Harshitha , Khatana Jasmine , Roy Aparna
Published: November 2019

We sought to examine incidence and mortality trends of drowning-related hospitalizations in children aged <20 years and to study the presence of risk factors associated with in-hospital mortality. Retrospective analysis of the 2003-2016 Health Care Cost and Utilization Project National Inpatient Sample and Kids’ Inpatient Database was performed. The estimated annual incidence rate of drowning hospitalizations declined 31.5% from 2.73 to 1.87 per 100 000 population. Most drowning-related hospitalizations were seen in <5-year-old children (66.4%) and in males (65.3%), Caucasians (41.7%), and public insurance (46%). In-hospital mortality declined 46% from an estimated 290 deaths in 2003 to 156 deaths in 2016. On multivariate analysis, age <5 years, Caucasian ethnicity, uninsured status, pool/bathtub or undetermined location, arrhythmia (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.3, P = .001), acute kidney injury (aOR = 3.4, P < .001), cerebral edema (aOR = 2.8, P < .001), cardiopulmonary resuscitation (aOR = 12.1, P < .001), and invasive mechanical ventilation (aOR = 28.4, P < .001) were found to be independent predictors of mortality.
Impact of Antimicrobial Stewardship Interventions on Antimicrobial Utilization in Asymptomatic Bacteriuria
Authors: Shah Punit J. , Ike Chiamaka , Thibeaux Meghan , Rodriguez Emilyn , Maddox Shermel-Edwards , Daoura Nicolas
Published: November 2019

Background: Antimicrobial therapy for asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is often unnecessary and is a common reason for inappropriate antimicrobial use in hospitalized patients. Unnecessary ASB treatment leads to collateral damage such as resistance, and Clostridium difficile infections. This study evaluated the impact of interdisciplinary antimicrobial stewardship interventions on antimicrobial utilization in ASB. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental institutional review board (IRB)-approved study evaluating the impact of antimicrobial stewardship on antibiotic utilization for ASB in a pilot medical-surgical unit. The control phase was from August-October 2017 and the postintervention phase was from December-March 2018. In the control phase, electronic medical records of patients with positive urine cultures were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were classified as either having ASB or urinary tract infection (UTI) based on the absence or presence of UTI symptoms documented in the medical record. The intervention phase consisted of educational in-services to providers, nurses, and pharmacists. Clinical pharmacists for the pilot unit utilized an electronic real-time surveillance system to identify patients with positive urine cultures. With nurses’ collaboration, clinical pharmacists classified these patients as either having UTI or ASB. Stewardship interventions were made in real-time to discontinue antibiotics in patients with ASB. Results: There were 65 and 77 patients with bacteriuria in the pre- and postintervention phases. Among these, ASB was present in 29 (45%) and 27 (35%) patients, respectively. After excluding those receiving antibiotics for concurrent nonurinary indications, the combination of education with pharmacist and nursing interventions decreased unnecessary ASB treatment from 18 (62%) to 6 (22%) patients (relative risk: 0.36, 95% confidence interval: 0.16-0.72, P = .003). Conclusion: The findings of this study highlight the importance of interdisciplinary interventions in reducing unnecessary antimicrobial therapy for the treatment of ASB. With increasing antimicrobial resistance, healthcare institutions should evaluate the role of these interdisciplinary interventions to reduce unnecessary treatment for ASB.
Drivers’ Cue Utilization Predicts Cognitive Resource Consumption During a Simulated Driving Scenario
Authors: Sturman Daniel , Wiggins Mark W.
Published: November 2019

Objective

This study was designed to examine whether cue utilization differentiates drivers’ consumption of cognitive resources during a simulated driving task.

Background

Outcomes from previous research have demonstrated that a general capacity for cue utilization differentiates cognitive load during novel process control tasks. However, it was previously unclear whether similar results would be demonstrated during familiar operational tasks.

Method

Based on an assessment of cue utilization within a driving context, participants were classified into higher or lower cue utilization typologies. During a simulated driving task, cognitive load was assessed through changes against baseline in cerebral oxygenation in the prefrontal cortex, through eye behavior metrics (fixation rates and fixation dispersion), and through driving performance (frequency of missed traffic signals and speed exceedances).

Results

Drivers with higher cue utilization recorded smaller mean fixation dispersions, smaller increases in cerebral oxygenation, and fewer missed traffic signals compared with drivers with lower cue utilization. These results suggest that compared with drivers with lower cue utilization, drivers with higher cue utilization experienced lower cognitive load during the simulated driving task while maintaining a higher level of performance.

Conclusion

The results provide support for the assertion that, among qualified operators, a greater capacity for cue utilization is associated with lower cognitive load during operational tasks.

Application

Cue-based assessments of driving may be beneficial in predicting performance and assisting in targeted training for recently qualified and/or older drivers.