bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF CLONAZEPAM AND METRONIDAZOLE IN PHARMACEUTICAL TABLETS BY REVERSED-PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY MODE WITH UV DETECTION
Authors: ABED Sadeem Subhi , RASHEED Ashraf Saad
Published: August 2021

Clonazepam (CLO) plays a significant role in treating seizures, myoclonic seizures, and other clinical infections, while metronidazole (MTZ) is an antiprotozoal, antibacterial drug. The reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) technique has provided greater precision and sensitivity over other methods, especially the colorimetric and spectrophotometric. This study aimed to implement a simple method in pure and pharmaceutical tablets for the simultaneous determination of CLO and MTZ. The RPHPLC method's development and optimization for validating a separation method for the simultaneous estimation of both drugs in pharmaceutical formulation involved studying the optimum mobile phase, buffer concentration, and the pH value. Under the chromatographic conditions, RP-HPLC system achieved excellent separation on a Phenomenex HyperClone BDS (250 x 4.60 mm, 130A, and 5μ) at a temperature of 45°C and the following conditions: 65:35% acetonitrile:acetic acid and sodium acetate buffer solution (NaOAc/HAc) as mobile phase (pH 3.5); 20 μL injection volume at a flow rate of 0.75 mL/min and detection wavelength of 310 nm. The proposed RP-HPLC procedure demonstrated high precision (RSD% 1%), as well as the good linear relationship of the calibration graph at concentration ranges of 50-160, 35-100 ppb with a coefficient of determination (r2) of the regression line of 0.9996 and 0.9997 for metronidazole and clonazepam respectively. The proposed method offered excellent validated values for both LOD (4.24 and 3.06 ppb) and LOQ (14.15– 10.21 ppb) for both metronidazole and clonazepam drugs, respectively. The RP-HPLC method has been successfully applied to estimate metronidazole and clonazepam in the well-known commercial pharmaceutical tablets and gave an excellent recovery> 98% for both drugs. The results of the method was compared with the standard pharmacopeial method for both drugs using statistical tests, which indicated no difference in accuracy between the methods
SPECTROSCOPY STUDY OF MCl2(H2O)n CLUSTER USING AB INITIO CALCULATIONS
Authors: SADOON Ahmed M , SHEEJ AHMAD Omar
Published: August 2021

The Infrared (IR) spectroscopy of alkali earth halide salt (MX2) complexes with few numbers of water molecules have been investigated for the first time in this work. BeCl2 and MgCl2 are divalent salts and have been incorporated with water as a polar solvent to form complexes of type MX2(H2O)n. The effect of ion size plays a critical rule in the interactions between solvent and solute. Therefore, Beryllium and Magnesium salts with chloride were chosen to explore this difference. The importance of BeCl2 and MgCl2 comes from their several applications in the industry and pharmacy. For instance, BeCl2 is widely used in the industry as a catalysis of Friede-Craft reactions, while the main application of MgCl2 in pharmacy is as hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis fluids. Three complexes of each BeCl2 and MgCl2 with water, MX2(H2O)n (n=1-3), were studied, and the chemical structures of these complexes have been performed using ab initio calculations. Ab initio calculations were used to predict possible structures, isomers, and their corresponding IR spectra using Second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) with 6-311++G as a basis sets. The Geometry evaluations, energy searches, vibrational frequency calculations, and the binding energy of each complex were also extracted theoretically. The minimum energy of complexes structures was calculated, and different isomers have been recorded. Ionic hydrogen bonds (IHBs) between the OH in each water molecule and the chloride ion in the MCl2 was proposed to be the main prevalent contribution to the binding between the salt and water. The bond length between the alkaline metal and chlorine showed a significant increase with increasing the attached water molecule as a result of forming the IHB. Also, the infrared vibrational bands of the OH stretching region were recorded for the minimum structures, and dramatic redshift was performed. The formation of contact-ion pair structures in which each solvent molecule forms an ionic hydrogen bond (IHB) to the salt ion-pair (X-M+X-) has been confirmed by the predicted infrared spectra.
EFFECT OF A BARRIER ON ENERGY EIGENVALUE OF THE NONRELATIVISTIC (SCHRÖDINGER EQUATION) AND SOME EXPECTATION VALUES OF COMBINED POTENTIALS
Authors: ONATE Clement Atachegbe , ONYEAJU Michael Chukwudi , ABOLARINWA Abimbola , OKORO Joshua Otonritse
Published: August 2021

Schrödinger equation was proposed in theoretical physics to provide information and the behavior of a system of particles. The Schrödinger equation was recently solved for a combination of different potentials using different traditional methodologies. The studies do not consider the effect of a barrier between the potentials. In reality, the barrier between the potentials has an effect on the energy eigenvalues. In the present work, a Kratzer-Mie-type potential, a combination of Kratzer and Mie-type-constant potentials, was proposed as the interacting potential. The solutions of the radial Schrödinger equation was obtained in the presence of the combined potentials by considering a barrier between the potentials. The energy equation and the corresponding wave functions were explicitly calculated. The calculations were performed by using the methodology of supersymmetric quantum mechanics. This method involves the proposition of superpotential function as a solution to its Riccati differential equation. Numerical results were generated for some diatomic molecules using the energy equation and the diatomic model parameters. Some expectation values for the combined potential were calculated using Hellmann Feynman Theorem, and the effect of the barrier on the expectation values were numerically studied. It was observed that when a particle moves from the lower end to a higher end of a barrier, it absorbs energy from the system for some time. This same behavior was also noted when the particle penetrates through a barrier. Thus, its vibration will only depend on the initial energy, which is absorbed. It was equally seen that as the width of the barrier becomes larger than the height, the energy of the system decreases drastically.
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF FUNGI FROM SUBMERGED PLANTS DEBRIS IN AQUATIC HABITATS IN MISAN PROVINCE
Authors: ABD AL NABI Zainab Jumhia , KASIM Ali Abdulwaheed
Published: August 2021

Forty-eight taxa of saprophytes fungi were isolated and identified from submerged plant debris samples collected from different sites in Misan province, southern Iraq, which are Maymouna, Al-Salam, Majar Al-Kabir, and Amara. Among them, 24 species belonged to Ascomycota (six of which are sexual state), 19 species to hyphomycetes (anamorphic fungi), 4 to Zygomycota, and one to Oomycetes. Six species were isolated and newly recorded from Iraq, which are Aniptodera margaration, Cirrenalia iberica, Cordana lignicola, Cordana verruculosa, Pseudoacrodictys appendiculata, and Scytalidium thermophilum. However, in the evaluation of both moist chamber and direct culture methods, 34 species were isolated by the first method and 27 species by the second method, meantime, 13 species (9 belonged to Ascomycota, 2 to hyphomycetes, and 2 to Zygomycetes) were recovered by both methods. Aspergillus terrus was appeared in highest frequency and occurrence (11.76%, 42.55%, respectively), followed by Aspergillus horti (10%, 36.17%, respectively), and then A. niger with a frequency and occurrence of 5.29% and 19.14%, respectively, while 17 species were appeared lowest frequency and occurrence to reach 0.58%, 2.12%, respectively, for all. One hundred and seven isolates have been recovered from all study sites. Meantime, sixty-four isolates have been reported from Majar Al-Kabir, as compared with other sites, followed by Amara (43 isolates), while 39 isolates have been isolated from the Maymouna, and 24 isolates from Al-Salam. The biodiversity of fungi isolated from submerged plant debris was compared with previous studies. Brief descriptions of the new recorded fungi were given.
AMPEROMETRIC DETERMINATION OF CERIUM (III) USING 2,7-DINITROZO-1,8- DIHYDROXYNAPHTHALENE-3,6-DISULFONIC ACID SOLUTION
Authors: QUTLIMUROTOVA Nigora , MAHMADOLIEV Salohiddin , SMANOVA Zulayho , YAKHSHIYEVA Zuhra , TURSUNKULOV Zhasur
Published: August 2021

Cerium and its compounds are widely used in the production of electronic devices and semiconductors, which is why these substances will enter the environment more often in the future. There is a need for effective express methods that can determine the trace amounts of cerium and other rare earth elements with high accuracy to control and study the possible negative impact of cerium compounds on the ecosystems. The objective of this research paper was to elaborate on an express method capable of producing accurate and reliable results on the content of cerium in wastewaters in the presence of other rare earth elements. The elaboration of the express method was carried out based on the amperometric titration method studying the effect of various buffer solutions on cerium determination. Moreover, the effect of strontium, lutetium, iron, yttrium, samarium, niobium, holmium, praseodymium, gadolinium, and erbium ions on acquisition accuracy of the cerium (III) ions in samples of process water was studied. The research results presented a method for the amperometric determination of cerium (III) applying 2,7-dinitroso-1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene-3,6-disulfonic acid on a rotating platinum disk microelectrode. The extraction-amperometric method of analysis was proposed for the analysis of process water. The optimal concentrations of background electrolytes and buffer mixtures and the voltage values, were determined; the stability constant of the complex was calculated; the lower limit of the determined cerium content was defined. No interfering influence of foreign ions on the determination of cerium (III) ions was observed. The developed method for determining cerium (III) has a simpler hardware design than the previously described method of pulsed direct current glow discharge mass spectrometry but has a higher detection limit.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE REFUTATION TEXT TO IMPROVE UNDERSTANDING OF THE ACID-BASE CONCEPTS FOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: HARYANI Sri , DEWI Siti Herlina , A. HARJITO
Published: August 2021

Acid-base is a difficult subject to learn. It includes conceptually tricky words for the students. The theme is also considered difficult by teachers and prospective teachers in teaching and assessing student mastery. A misconception in chemistry topics is one of the biggest challenges for the teacher. This means that many students do not reach the learning objective. The acid-base question is considered one of the most challenging subjects, and there are many misunderstood concepts on this topic. Lack of understanding can be reduced by providing a simple and natural source of learning, such as a refutation text. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the refutation text to improve understanding of concepts and reduce misunderstanding in corrective learning on the acid-base topic for high school. There are six subtopics on acid-base content for high school. The test method used was the pre and post-project of a group, with a limited number of subjects. The test instrument used was the three-tiers of multiple choices for acid-base material (concept understanding’s test). The analysis result showed that 17 of 19 students had increased knowledge of concepts and decreased misconceptions. The concept change was significant, according to Mc Nemar Test. The value of effect size (ES) based on the Crochan-Q test was 4.12, a high category. It could be concluded that refutation text is effective enough to improve students' concepts and apply them to remedial learning.
BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF Ferula rutbaensis MEDICINAL PLANT IN IRAQI WESTERN DESERT
Authors: DAWOOD Kutayba Farhan , ALFALAHI Ayoob Obaid , NEAMAH Shamil Ismail , DHANNOON Omar Mahmood
Published: August 2021

Plants used in folk medicine not only represent rich sources for therapeutic materials, but it also plays a crucial role in developing completely or partially novel synthesized drugs. Mharut plant (Ferula rutbaensis) is an integral part of Bedouin therapeutic practices in the western desert of Anbar province-Iraq. Still, to date, this is the first study describing its phytochemical constituents. The plant was growing near the Iraq-Saudi Arabia borders and adapted to a wide range of soils. Traditionally, F. rutbaensis has been widely used to treat acne, stomach and bowel disorders, food poisoning and respiratory problems. Fresh plant samples were collected and morphologically characterized. Likewise, the ITS-based DNA barcoding technique was efficiently used to approve the morphological identification of F. rutbaensis. The GC-MS spectrum was adopted in the phytochemical characterization of aqueous and methanol extracts of fresh and dry plant parts. The aqueous extract of dry roots was the richest source for bioactive compounds than fresh or methanolic extracts of either fresh or dry plant parts. In general, the detected phytochemicals falling into fatty acids, terpenes, hydrocarbon alkanes, and esters. Notably, fatty acids in Oleic and Palmitic acids were the two most abundant bioactive compounds in both aqueous and methanolic extracts of plant fresh and dry roots. The detected unsaturated fatty acids and/or other bioactive components are laying behind the therapeutic properties of F. rutbaensis that can be useful ingredients to prepare Mharut-based cosmetics such as medical soaps, body lotions, skin conditioners and sunscreens. Additionally, some other components were found to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidants, and antimicrobial properties. Further investigations will be necessary to confirm the antimicrobial activity of F. rutbaensis extracts.
TECHNOLOGICAL QUALITIES OF SUGAR BEETROOT CROPS UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE MIDDLE CIS-URAL REGION
Authors: ISLAMGULOV Damir , ISMAGILOV Rafael , ALIMGAFAROV Rail , BAKIROVA Aygul , ENIKEEV Rafik
Published: August 2021

The economic growth and welfare of the state largely dependent on the efficiency of the agro-industrial complex, including the beet-sugar subcomplex. In Russia, including the middle CIS-Ural region, sugar beet is the main technical crop that provides raw materials for the sugar industry. More than 70 % of the area is sown in the Central and Southern Federal Districts. On the territory of the middle CIS-Ural region, sugar beet is currently cultivated on an area of more than 100,000 ha (Kornienko, 2014) The purpose of the research was to identify the productivity and technological quality patterns of new sugar beet hybrids, the influence of varietal characteristics on the content of molassigenic sub-stances, nitrogen fertilizer dosage, crop density and harvest time to obtain the highest yield of root crops with high technological qualities in the middle CIS-Ural region of Russia. Four field studies were conducted. The sugar content was determined by cold digestion with saccharimeter-polarimeter. To determine the α-amino nitrogen, the method of Stanek and Pavlas modified by Wininger and Kubadinov was used. The results showed that with an increased dose of nitrogen fertilizer, the sugar content of the root crops naturally decreased. As the crop density increased, the sugar content also increased. The highest sugar content in the root crops was revealed at a crop density of 95,000 and 110,000 plants/ha. The authors proposed recommendations to obtain the highest gross yield of purified sugar in sugar beet cultivation: for early harvesting – cultivate a sugar beet hybrid of normal-sugary type (Christella), for late harvesting – a hybrid of yielding type (HM-1820); apply nitrogen fertilizer at a dose of 160 kg of active agent/ha;cultivate sugar beet with a density of 95,000 plants per hectare; remove sugar beetroot crops with modern beet harvesters on October 10–25.
THE AMELIORATIVE CONDITION OF THE IRRIGATED LIGHT SEROZEM OF THE TURKESTAN REGION
Authors: TANIRBERGENOV Samat I , SULEIMENOV Beibut U , CAKMAK Dragan , SALJNIKOV Elmira , SMANOV Zhassulan
Published: August 2021

The relevance of the study is conditioned by the fact that the large-scale irrigation of cotton fields in arid and desert areas of the Turkestan region inevitably leads to the processes of soil salinization. Salinity is a global problem for humanity. Soil salinization is associated with drainage problems, improper use of water resources, growing demand for agricultural products, which leads to increased pressure on agricultural land. In this regard, this paper is directed at investigating the soil salinity of the irrigated light serozem in a cotton farm of Southern Kazakhstan (now Turkestan region) under the vertical drainage, which would provide the necessary background for the reconstruction of the collection-drainage system of the whole region, thus contributing to the increasing the net yield and the quality of the row cotton, as well as preventing soil deterioration. The leading method for studying the issues of the article was the dispersion method, according to which the salinity of soils was determined by seasons. The main objectives were studying the dynamics of salts changes seasonally and timely under the vertical drainage and studying the spatial distribution of salts in the cotton-based farm. The results showed that in 2014 there was recorded a positive dynamic of changes compared to 2012. In spring 2014, the area under medium saline soil in the 0-20 cm layer decreased from 79.5 to 57.7 %; the weakly saline soil area increased from 20.5 to 34.6 %. In the autumn and winter periods, the area of strongly saline soils decreased from 25.6 to 14.1 %. The area of non-saline soils was recorded at 7.7 %. The results showed that changes in the amount of the ions, both vertically and seasonally, occur with the transport of salts along with soil profile under the influence of temperature gradients and the level of groundwater, i.e., in spring from up to down, and in autumn and winter, contrary from down to up. The theoretical and practical value of the study lies in the fact that the material for improving, preventing the salinization of soils will lead to an increase in the general level of ecological safety of the region and country in general.
DETECTION OF PRO- INFLAMMATORY INTERLEUKIN 17 IN PATIENTS WITH L. TROPICA IN THI-QAR PROVINCE, IRAQ
Authors: FLAIH Mohammed Hassan , AL-ABADY Fadhil Abbas , HUSSEIN Khwam Reissan
Published: August 2021

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a widespread health problem and considered one of the endemic diseases in Iraq. The dermal lesion occurs due to an obligate intracellular Leishmania parasite, which transmits by the bite of the infected female sandfly. This study aims to identify Leishmania species in Thi-Qar province/South of Iraq and detect IL-17 level in serum of infected patients with L. tropica. The study was conducted in three local locations, Al-Hussein Teaching, Al-Suq Al-Shyokh General, and Al-Shatrah General Hospitals in the province for the period from the beginning of November 2018 to the end of October 2019. After clinical diagnosis, eighty out of two hundred forty-seven samples were selected for molecular examination by nested-PCR technique, where the lesion edge was injected by normal saline and pulled again to obtain the parasite DNA. Also,
a measure of the IL-17 concentration level in serum of the patients with ELISA. The findings of the electrophoresis of the kinetoplast minicircle DNA gene showed that 65 samples were positive for cutaneous leishmaniasis, and observed two species of Leishmania spp. in the study area, 46 (57.5%) samples were L. tropica at 750 bp and 19 (23.75%) samples were L. major. Serum IL-17 concentration recorded a significant increase among patients infected with L. tropica at different infection stages than control samples. Generally, the Nested-PCR technique is an accurate method for diagnosing clinical samples and molecular determination of Leishmania parasites. L. tropica is the dominant specie that caused CL in Thi-Qar province, while L. major recorded a low incidence.
The Impact of E-Management Innovation System on Improving Corporate Operating Performance
Authors: Lin Li-Wei , Wei Shih-Yung
Published: August 2021

E-management innovation system in recent years, the supply chain management system has been continuously upgrading and innovating, the main purpose is to improve the efficiency of its supply chain and reduce costs. This study investigates the effect of e-management system on supply chain efficiency. We use three assumptions to design, information technology innovation, information environment, relationship risk to do in-depth discussion on whether the efficiency of the supply chain will be affected. In this study, the Likert seven-point scale was used to design the survey method. In this study, N=331 questionnaires were issued, and 195 questionnaires were finally available, which met the minimum sample number. The main object of this study is to investigate the senior executives in zhejiang electronics industry. This result proves that e-management innovation system can improve the efficiency of its supply chain. We observed and verified the correlation results through three dependent variables and one fruit variable.
The Pelagic Dictionary of Natural History of the British Isles
Authors: Jarvis Peter
Published: August 2021

A unique collection of concise but detailed information on 10,000 animals, plants, fungi and algae of the British Isles. Every species with an English common name is included. The compendium is in two parts. The first, smaller part, looks at various terms that people interested in natural history may come across. The second provides information on individual species or species groups, with entries on those with English (common) names, as well as selected families, orders, classes, etc. In the case of marine organisms, entries are given for intertidal and subtidal invertebrate species, and generally speaking for fish species that might be observed inshore. Indication is often given on distribution as well as whether a species is common, scarce or something in between. For some species a note is made of population size and trends. Comments are made where appropriate on etymology, both of the English name and the binomial. No other natural history dictionary or cognate publication relating to the British Isles is as comprehensive in taxonomic cover.
The Handbook of Acoustic Bat Detection
Authors: Runkel Volker , Gerding Guido , Marckmann Ulrich
Published: August 2021

An accessible and comprehensive guide to all things acoustic bat detection. This highly illustrated handbook provides an in-depth understanding of acoustic detection principles, study planning, data handling, properties of bat calls, manual identification of species, automatic species recognition, analysis of results, quality assurance and the background physics of sound. No other method of detecting bats is so popular and widespread in the context of environmental assessment and voluntary work as acoustic detection, and its increased use has driven the development of a large number of sophisticated devices and analytical methods. Acoustic detection has become a standard approach for establishing the presence of bats, carrying out species identification and monitoring levels of activity. The resolution, accuracy and scale with which these tasks can be done has risen dramatically with the availability of automated real-time recording. But anyone interested in acoustic recording will quickly recognise that there are still quite a few open questions about the limits and possibilities of acoustic detection. Clear definitions of how to handle the data are usually missing, for example, and there are no clearly described activity indices. In response to the lack of thorough information on the underlying science of acoustic detection, the authors present this handbook.
Water Vole Field Signs and Habitat Assessment
Authors: Dean Mike
Published: August 2021

An essential guide to assist those surveying for water voles, whether as a professional ecological consultant, a researcher or simply an interested amateur. This book provides detailed descriptions of all the habitats used by water voles, including ideal habitats as well as less typical places, with annotated photos to help the surveyor home in on just the right areas to look. It also contains a comprehensive photographic reference guide to assist in the correct identification of water vole field signs, and explains how to distinguish them from those of similar species. Tips on where and how to search for field signs are also provided, along with guidance on how best to record survey data.
RESEARCH OF INDIVIDUAL FIGHTING STYLES AND COMBAT DISTANCES OF HIGHLY QUALIFIED BOXERS
Authors: Melqumyan Artur , Danielyan Ashot
Published: August 2021

As a result of the study, it turned out that at the largest international competitions there is a tendency to conduct fights in various manners or styles: attacking, counterattack, defensive. The result analysis shows that at the 2008 Olympic Games and the 2015 World Championships fights between boxers were held at medium distance, while at the 2013 and 2019 World Championships, the final fights were mainly held at long distance. In addition, it was revealed that the combat distance at close range was significantly reduced.
CONTROL OF FINE MOTOR SKILLS IN WOMEN ENGAGED IN RECREATIONAL PHYSICAL CULTURE: BILATERAL INDICATORS
Authors: Chatinyan Ashot , Hakobyan Elena
Published: August 2021

The issue of studying the features of movement control among elderly people and the disclosureof ways to reduce the negative impact of involutional processes on the body functions areup-to-dateand relevant in terms of ensuring long-term health care safety and wellbeingfor the population in that age group. The reduced mobility of central nervous system forces older people to spend more time preparing, organizing and managing their own actions. First of all, self-regulation processes of the finest movements weaken: the elderly become unable to effectively control the movements of hands and especially fingers.
In this regard, the issue of studying the influenceof recreational physical cultureon the indicators of fine movements control among the elderly is of scientific interest.
WAYS TO IMPROVE TECHNICAL TRICKS OF YOUNG WRESTLERS
Authors: Davtyan Artyom
Published: August 2021

As a result of survey conducted among the high qualified greco-roman, freestyle and judo wrestling coaches the use of other sports to enhance technical tricks of young wrestlers was turned out to be most important.
In this regard, 94% of surveyed coaches give preference to certain elements of sports like swimming, acrobatics, athletics and weightlifting.
The majority of coaches are convinced that alongside particular elements from other sports the purposeful improvement of various movement parametres control accuracy will contribute to effective instruction and perfection of wrestlers' technical tricks through special (psychomotor) exercises. We are planning to check this assumption during the pedagogical experiment.
Congenital infections (syphilis and human immunodeficiency virus) in a federal hospital in Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Moura Márcia Saldanha dos Santos , Figueiredo Israel , Pinheiro Fátima Maria Campinho , Lima Diana Almeida de
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Congenital infections are related to a higher risk of morbidity and mortality in the neonatal period and can cause serious complications in the newborn. Among the sexually transmitted infections (IST) present in this group, syphilis and vertical exposure to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are still a challenge in the 21st century. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of congenital syphilis and exposure to HIV among congenital infections. Methods: Cross-sectional, analytical study with data collected from medical records of newborns admitted to the Conventional Neonatal Intermediate Care Unit, Kangaroo and Joint Accommodation, in the database of the service of the Federal Hospital from Bonsucesso, from January 2015 to December 2018. Results: During the study, 2,202 newborns were discharged from the hospital and 474 were positive for congenital infection (21.8%). In cases of congenital infection, congenital syphilis (398–84%) and maternal HIV infection (40–8,4%) were the most frequently encountered clinical situations. The relationship between prenatal care and the absence of congenital infection was evident. Among the newborns, 117 (5.3%) were premature, 352 (16.3%) were older than 37 weeks and 95 (23.7%) had low birth weight. Conclusion: Congenital infection was one of the main causes of neonatal morbidity; syphilis and HIV had the highest prevalence, being associated with reducible deaths when adequate care is provided for women during pregnancy. Perinatology services demand a great effort in order to manage these avoidable and undesirable situations.
Prevalence of syphilis, HIV and toxoplasmosis in prenatal screening in the population of the northern region of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Almeida Yasmim Henrique de Souza , Fernandes Hugo Freitas Viégas , Rosas Carolina Maria Leal , Menezes Ellen Diniz de , Campos Regina Célia de Souza , Souza Thais Louvain de
Published: August 2021

Introduction: There is a need for studies to know the real situation and outline measures to guarantee a reduction in the rates of pregnant women diagnosed with HIV, Syphilis and Toxoplasmosis. Objective: To determine the prevalence of Syphilis, HIV and toxoplasmosis in puerperal women assisted at the largest public maternity hospital in Campos dos Goytacazes in 2016. Methods: Cross-sectional study, using secondary data from the puerperal women assisted at the largest maternity hospital in the northern region of the State of Rio de Janeiro, in the year 2016. Results: There were 970 puerperal women, with a prevalence of HIV, Syphilis and Toxoplasmosis in pregnancy of 1.6, 2.7 and 2%, respectively. Most pregnant women were diagnosed at delivery due to low serological coverage during pregnancy. Conclusion: The high prevalence of Syphilis, HIV and Toxoplasmosis in pregnancy requires efficient prenatal care for its identification and approach.
Currículos Interculturais: realidade possível ou utopia acadêmica?
Authors: Silva Jamile Borges da , Marisa Santos de Souza
Published: August 2021

Este trabalho objetiva proceder a crítica aos currículos escolares vigentes no país, tomando em consideração seu substrato político e epistemológico profundamente ancorado em cânones da colonialidade, apagando histórias, trajetórias e memórias e, como a perspectiva intercultural pode contribuir para reposicionar e promover justiça epistêmica para grupos historicamente silenciados.
A constituição do sujeito leitor pela via da contação de histórias
Authors: Lapa de Oliveira Rosemary
Published: August 2021

Este artigo resulta de ações desenvolvidas em componente de 45h em curso de pós-graduação (mestrado e doutorado), em 2018. Foram ouvidos dezenove estudantes matriculados no componente sobre a sua formação leitora e como ouvinte de histórias, dialogando com suas experiências enquanto docentes, buscando entender: qual a constituição leitora de mediadores de leitura? Para alcançar resposta a essa pergunta, a escuta sensível foi usada como dispositivo metodológico de produção das informações, registradas em diário de campo, além da escrita individual de memorial. O objetivo geral foi descrição de mediações que se estabelecem em sala de aula no processo de enleituramento através da oralidade da contação de histórias. Os resultados apontaram para reflexões pedagógicas de abordagem da oralidade como prática em aulas com crianças, jovens, adultos e idosos. A pesquisa teve ancoragem principalmente em: Soares (2004); Orlandi (2003) e Oliveira (2018).
Prise en charge communautaire des cas de morsure de serpent dans l’aire du centre de santé communautaire et universitaire (CSCom U) de Ségué, Mali
Authors: Konaté A
Published: August 2021

Introduction : La morsure de serpent est un problème de santé publique et fait partie des pathologies négligées selon l’Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS). L’objectif était d’évaluer la prise en charge des morsures de serpent en milieu rural. Matériel et méthodes : Il s’agissait d’une étude prospective qui s’est déroulée du 1er Janvier au 31 Décembre 2020 dans l’aire du centre de santé communautaire et universitaire (CSCom-U) de Ségué. Résultats : Nous avons enregistré dans l’aire de santé de Ségué 25 cas de morsure dont 10 cas (40%) ont été pris en charge au centre de santé et 15 (60%) dans la communauté. La tranche d’âge 15 à 30 ans était la plus touchée (40%), le sexe masculin était de 64% et les cultivateurs étaient les plus touchés avec 36% des cas. Les facteurs à risque pour la morsure étaient la brousse (76%), la saison des pluies (64%) et les travaux champêtres (40%). Nous avons enregistré 100% de guérison dont un seul cas avec séquelle qui avait été traité traditionnellement. Conclusion : Il ressort que la morsure de serpents est un évènement assez négligé dans nos programmes de santé, très souvent les victimes font recours aux soins traditionnels, or l’utilisation du sérum antivenimeux est le traitement de choix. La disponibilité au niveau local des sérums anti venimeux (SAV), la formation continue des agents de santé, et l’éducation de la population doivent être de mise pour améliorer la prise en charge communautaire des envenimations par morsure de serpent.

Mots clés : Prise en charge, morsure, serpent, CSCom U Ségué, Mali
Dental Anxiety, Smoking and Snuff Use among Dental Patients
Authors: Nauman Muhammad , Mehboob Rabia , Sikandar Komal , Ahmed Areeba Ishtiaq , Afzal Mahrukh , Akram Zain
Published: August 2021

Background and Aims: Dental anxiety often causes psychological problems including the fear that have a negative impact on dental treatment. Periodontal health and dental deteriorating might be caused by the patient’s interference with dental fear. The current study aims to evaluate dental anxiety, smoking and snuff use in dental patients. Methods:One hundred eighty consecutive dental patients with meanage ±SD 31.45±13.75 were investigated for dental anxiety, smoking, and snuff use.The evaluation of dental anxiety was measured with the specific question “Do youfeel any type of anxiety while visiting the dentist?” and their answers were givenas follows: “Absolutely not”, “Somehow” and “Extreme fear”. Tobacco use wasinvestigated with the question “Do you smoke or take snuff?” with the alternatereplies “Absolutely not”, “regularly on a daily basis” and “occasionally. Chi-squaretest and multiple regression analysis were carried out in statistical analysisusing SPSS version 20. Results:Among one hundred eighty dental patients, higher dental anxiety was reported in 32 (17.8%) being common among women (71.9%) than men (28.1%). General mood and social situation was reported negative in 9 and 36 patients respectively. It was observed that tobacco use on routine a basis was more common among men (8.5%) than women (1.5%). Age played key a role in dental fears among patients. Patients of young age feel more anxious than mature or older aged patients. Higher dental anxiety and fear was observed in those dental patients who used snuff on a regular basis compared to occasional and no users at all while controlling for age, social status, and general mood. It was observed that chain smokers feel more anxious compared to occasional or no smoking at all, when smoking was added to the model and asked the participants about their visits to the dentists. Conclusion: Our study findings were common vulnerability factors among dental patients related to dental anxiety or fear, smoking, and snuff use. The reason for patients' anxiety was found to be the fear of pain which was more common among women compared to men. Also, Regular tobacco users felt more anxious than occasional or no users at all. Hence, dentists should focus on anxiety alleviation among patients while treatment and follow-up call for maintenance. Keywords: Dental anxiety, Tobacco use, Dental fear
Assessing Responsiveness of Elevated Serum Ferritin for Treatment in Chronic Hepatitis C Infected Patients
Authors: Iqbal Waheed , Baig Mirza Rehan , Ali Mudassar , Iqbal Muhammad Zaid , Jami Ajmaal , Solangi Tarik Alam
Published: August 2021

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a foremost community health issue globally. There is anoptimisticrelationamid iron accumulation in hepatocytes and high serum markers counting transferrin and ferritin. The purpose of this analysis was to examine the responsiveness of the treatment with elevated serum ferritin in patients with hepatitis C infection. Methods: The study included 200 HCV-infected patients from the department of Medicine, Divisional Headquarters teaching hospital, Mirpurand Isra Medical University, Karachi for six months duration from 16thJune 2020 to 15thDecember 2020. The clinical feature assesses HCV exposure in all patients, biochemical data, and iron status parameters. The results were quantified using Microsoft Excel 2013. Results: The obtained outcomes indicate that antiviral treatment significantly interferes the iron accumulation in hepatocytes in HCV positive patients. All positive iron values were calculated as 19.93 mol / L; and for all negative PCR, the value was calculated at 24.61 μmol / L prior to drug started. Our patients’ levels of iron were 62.77 μmol / L in patients whose PCR is positive for HCV which is within the normal range. Reduced ferritin levels have negative effects after drug administration. The increase in ALT was observed in 37.62% of cases. Conclusions: Patients with chronic HCV have strong association with serum iron concentration. Keywords: Ferritin levels, Drugs, Iron load, Hepatitis C Virus Infection, Serum and Liver Cells.
Análisis de las estructuras utilizadas para el cultivo de coral: consideraciones para El Salvador
Authors: Figueroa Segovia Laura Liseth , Ramos Cáceres María Fernanda , Segovia de González Johanna Vanessa
Published: August 2021

Los arrecifes coralinos son ecosistemas diversos, productivos y complejos, proveen servicios ecosistémicos, pero por acciones naturales y antrópicas está disminuyendo su biodiversidad y salud. Para mitigar la pérdida de cobertura coralina, la restauración es una herramienta de rehabilitación factible que pueden implementarse a corto plazo. Con el objeto de realizar una revisión sistemática de las estructuras utilizadas para cultivo de corales en proyectos de restauración y resaltar la información disponible que proporcionan, se reunieron las descripciones de estos proyectos in situ en las regiones Oceanía, Índico, Atlántico, Caribe, Pacífico Central y Oriental Tropical, identificando los proyectos más destacados. El Caribe presentó mayor número de proyectos (nueve), seguido por el Índico (siete). Los tipos de corales más utilizados para cultivo son ramificados (96 %) y la estructura más utilizada es el árbol de coral. Esta información pretende generar una línea base para considerar el tipo de estructura apta bajo las condiciones de nuestro país.
Poliquetos y otra fauna macrobentónica asociada de la franja intermareal rocosa de Mizata, La Libertad, El Salvador
Authors: Barraza Sandoval José Enrique , Melara Verónica Esperanza , Picardo Angelo
Published: August 2021

Las franjas rocosas intermareales son hábitats importantes para conservar la biodiversidad en regiones costeras, pero los estudios científicos son escasos, particularmente en el litoral de El Salvador. El presente estudio determinó distribución, abundancia de poliquetos y otra macrofauna bentónica de la zona rocosa intermareal de Mizata, durante febrero, abril y junio (2017); estableciendo tres transectos horizontales y perpendiculares a la línea litoral con 0.5 m de altura en gradiente vertical, se incluyeron entre cuatro y cinco cuadrantes (25 cm2) durante marea baja, recolectando fauna intermareal del sustrato rocoso. Las especies más abundantes fueron: Boccardia proboscidea, Neanthes galetae, Pseudonereis variegata, Typosyllis aciculata y Typosyllis variegata. Estos nereidos y ambas especies de Typosyllis habitan la franja media de la zona intermareal dominada por Brachidontes adamsianus. Los poliquetos también se asociaron a Chama coralloides y testas vacías de cirrípedos en la franja intermareal inferior. La riqueza de especies se incrementó en áreas más bajas.
Empleo y brecha digital de género en América Latina
Authors: Galperin Hernan , Arcidiacono Malena
Published: August 2021

Existe una amplia literatura que examina los determinantes de la brecha digital de género en los países en desarrollo y presenta recomendaciones de políticas para mitigarla. Sin embargo, pocos trabajos han estudiado cómo las diferencias de género en patrones de empleo afectan la adopción de TIC en general, y el uso de Internet en particular. Esto es importante porque la participación en la fuerza laboral y los tipos de trabajos que realizan hombres y mujeres a menudo se correlacionan con diferentes oportunidades para acceder a Internet y desarrollar habilidades TIC. Este estudio contribuye a llenar este vacío de conocimiento al explorar cómo las diferencias de género en el empleo afectan la brecha digital de género en tres países latinoamericanos (Ecuador, México y Perú). Los hallazgos identifican de manera concluyente el empleo como el factor que más contribuye a la brecha de uso de Internet entre hombres y mujeres, por delante de otros predictores tradicionales como la edad, la educación y los ingresos. Los resultados también sugieren que el estar ocupado afecta significativamente más el uso de Internet por parte de las mujeres que entre los hombres, lo que se atribuye al hecho de que las mujeres tienden a trabajar en sectores más intensivos en TIC (por ejemplo, servicios de salud y educación). Las estimaciones de límite inferior del análisis de descomposición indican que, si las mujeres estuvieran ocupadas a la misma tasa que los hombres, la brecha digital de género en estos países se reduciría en al menos una cuarta parte.
A review on production of biodiesel from waste cooking oils
Authors: Azizi Muzhda , Akbari Sweeta
Published: August 2021

Nowadays, preservation of natural resources on earth is one of the most important concerns of humanity. In this regard, increasing the consumption of energy is one of the most critical challenges that humans are facing. Because, on the one hand, the untapped use of different sources of energy from fossil fuels can destroy this natural resource and, on the other hand, pollution from the use of these resources is a serious threat to the environment. Recent research suggests that affordable, sustainable and environmentally friendly fuels, which can be a good alternative to fossil fuels, have become more important. Therefore, biodiesel has made it possible to release less greenhouse gas emission and low toxicity emissions, which can partly meet fuel requirements and is the best alternative for petroleum diesel. In addition, the waste cooking oils are a major source of biodiesel for their essential compounds, such as glycerol. The use of waste cooking oils can reduce biodiesel production cost by 60 to 90 percent. Therefore, the main objective of this review is to study the production of biodiesel using transesterification reaction of waste cooking oil as an alternative fuel to petroleum diesel that can be used easily in diesel engines.
An overview of the establishment and strength of the Shir and Khurshid of Timurid governance system
Authors: Mysam Mahdi
Published: August 2021

Following the Mongol era and the instability of the llkhanis, Amo river areas and Transoxiana saw a favorable situation to turn into a great empire. Amir Timur Gorkani who had established himself as a person with great military intelligence in Transoxiana, gathered his loyal forces and with his resolution and valor founded a government that made many people from east to the west fear even by hearing his name. Timurid banners were designed with pictures of a lion and the sun that were associated with tyranny and light. This government unique characteristics had enabled it to stabilize its dominance over a great area after a short period of time. In order to recognize Timurian strong foundation, its governance must be studied. In the scope of research purposes, library methods and analyzing authentic sources of timurd authors have been used. Military arrangements based on Genghis Khan’s yasai and use of public fear for conquering different areas, an economical – governmental system compatible with the situation of the time, appointing competent and reliable people for governmental posts and integrating a Mongol and Islamic government in itself answered all governmental necessities. Of course, Timur was a Muslim himself but one of those Muslims who allotted most of his time for life and governance. Forced immigration of artesian to the government’s favored areas made Samarkand and Bukhara to be considered among the best cities of the world. In this work it has been tried to study Amir Timur’s governance for political, economic and military stability using authentic academic resources.
An attitude to the intellectual and political thought of Seyed Jamaluddin Afghan
Authors: Noor Muzhda Tabesh
Published: August 2021

This study aimed to clarify the intellectual and political ideas of Sayed Jamaluddin Afghani, who is one of the most famous philosophers of the contemporary Islamic world and modern world and clarify his visions for the important issues of his era. In this paper, attempts have been made to find out analytical-descriptive approaches relying on library resources.The findings of the study indicated that Seyed Jamaluddin Afghani had a profound view on ideologies, movements, philosophical schools and social changes in the world, and his attitude to the important issues of his era was sociological and reformal, since in his first study, he comprehended the damages of Islamic communities and recommends worthwhile plans to escape the domination of the external powers and domestic tyranny that Islamic countries were struggling with. Seyed Jamaluddin, one of the celebrities of history has the most important position and particular virtue in terms of his role in regional developments, since he has had a glorious role in establishing freedom, equality and brotherhood in the history of relations between nations. An unknown Afghan thought possess from the prominent features of anti-tyranny, reformation of religious thought, convergence and Islamic ties. These parameters were indications of the titles that Seyed Jamal has given us as an important historical map.