bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pandillas transnacionales: desbordamientos territoriales
Authors: Moreno Hernández Hugo César
Published: January 2020

El fenómeno de las pandillas transnacionales en Centroamérica y Estados Unidos se ha convertido en una de las principales preocupaciones de seguridad nacional. Al considerar a las pandillas como amenaza para la seguridad nacional en lugar de atender esto como un asunto de seguridad pública, los gobiernos encontraron una razón suficiente para justificar la militarización y así iniciar un proceso de transformación mediante el cual las pandillas pasaron a ser enemigas de la sociedad, considerando a sus miembros menos que ciudadanos. De esta manera, la guerra pandillera se vincula con la guerra contra el terrorismo y el narcotráfico. En El Salvador, la situación actual presenta niveles de violencia homicida tan altos como en los noventa. El objetivo del presente artículo es mostrar cómo el tratamiento puramente criminalizador del fenómeno ha invisibilizado a los jóvenes creando en el resto de la sociedad la sensación de que se trata sólo de “criminales”.
Ana María Aragonés (coordinadora), La reciente crisis financiera y el debate sobre migración y desarrollo. Propuestas para América Latina y México
Authors: Candia José Miguel
Published: January 2020

La agenda internacional está cruzada por tres temas que serán determinantes para el futuro de la humanidad en las próximas décadas: el cambio climático, la producción de energéticos y de alimentos, y la regulación de los flujos migratorios internacionales. En fechas recientes, el presupuesto aprobado por la Unión Europea para el año 2018 asigna recursos extraordinarios a la cuestión migratoria.
Programación matemática binaria por etapas en la elaboración de un horario universitario
Authors: Hernández Vázquez José Israel , Hernández González Salvador , Baltazar Flores María del Rosario , Jiménez García José Alfredo , Hernández Vázquez José Omar
Published: January 2020

Objetivo: establecer una estrategia que permita elaborar un horario universitario en tres etapas, utilizando programación matemática, tomando en cuenta la problemática que enfrentan la mayoría de los centros educativos públicos del nivel superior en México, que incluye la contratación de profesores de forma temporal en cada ciclo escolar. Método: la estrategia contempló la descomposición del problema original en tres modelos matemáticos, considerando variables binarias de dos índices, el uso de subconjuntos en el modelado y el empleo de una heurística.Resultados: se generaron horarios de clase compactos para estudiantes, en los que se aprovecharon los espacios de las aulas y se empleó de manera eficiente a los profesores de la universidad. La estrategia logró la automatización del proceso en la elaboración de horarios.Limitaciones: el trabajo presentado, analiza el caso del Tecnológico Nacional de México en Celaya. Por el momento, no se considera el uso de laboratorios, ni la aleatoriedad de la demanda de grupos y materias. Principales hallazgos: la estrategia expuesta, generó una reducción de al menos 98.34 % en el número de variables, permitiendo a la técnica exacta de ramificación y acotamiento alcanzar tiempos eficientes en la búsqueda de una solución, en un problema clasificado como NP-Duro.
Development of Pictorial Textbook for Arabic Speaking Skill in Islamic Studies Program
Authors: Roziqi Muhammad Ainur
Published: January 2020

This research offered solutions and answers to the textbook problems of Arabic learning in the Arabic language development program at Islamic Studies Faculty of Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang. The development of textbooks was done by adding pictorial explanations to the relevant vocabulary, also the learning material developed according to the expected profession. In addition, interactive exercises and themes were adapted to student interests and program goals. This study used ADDIE as a research and development model to produce innovative study, productive, and meaningful. The results of the validity tests were as follows: language validation tests show a percentage of 90%. The result of content validation was 92%, design validation result was 86%, while the result of lecturer validation was 95%. From these data, it can be concluded that the textbook was valid. Similarly, the effectiveness test by using (T-Test) showed effective results so that textbooks that had been developed were feasible to use.
A Cluster-First Route-Second Heuristic Approach to Solve The Multi-Trip Periodic Vehicle Routing Problem
Authors: Garside Annisa Kesy , Laili Nabila Rohmatul
Published: January 2020

This paper discusses periodic vehicle routing problems that allow vehicles to travel on multiple trips in a single day. It is known as the Multi-Trip Periodic Vehicles (MTPVRP) Problem Route. Cluster-first route-second (CFRS) heuristics to solve MTPVRP was proposed in this study. In phase 1, customers were divided into clusters using the formulation of integer programming. Phase 2 determined the route of the cluster and verifies that the total journey time to visit the trips does not exceed the working hours of the vehicle. The implementation of the heuristic CFRS to solve the real problem faced by the LPG distributor shows that the procedure could provide a better routing solution.
DEIXIS FOUND IN MOVIE SCRIPT SING
Authors: Dwipayani Ni Made , Subagia I Ketut , Gede Suarjaya Anak Agung
Published: January 2020

The title of this paper is Deixis found in Movie Script Sing. In this paper, the writers try to analyze and discuss about the type, class words, and the use of deixis found in the movie script Sing. Data were collected from the movie script of Sing. The data were classified based on the types to Levinson’s Theory (1983). The specific aim of this paper is to describe and analyze the types of deixis in the movie script, analyze sentence by sentence. By doing this research it will be able to know more details about the types of deixis. Then analyzed, it was the types, class words and the use of deixis in the movie Sing. In collecting the data, observation method was applied. First the writer watched the movie than observed the subtitle in the movie. Then were quoted the selected data, and classified in accordance with their types of deixis. Based on the result of analysis, it was found there are five types of deixis, namely person deixis (including I, my, me, she, her, his, she, he, we, you, they), time deixis (including now), place deixis (including here), discourse deixis (including this, that), and social deixis (including mommy and grandpa).
PLOT OF AGATHA CHRISTIE’S THIRD GIRL
Authors: Subur Made
Published: January 2020

This research aimed to examine the parts of the plot structure and also the elements which build up the parts of the plot structure of this novel. The theory used in analyzing the data was the theory on the plot. The theoretical concepts were primarily taken from William Kenney’s book entitled How to Analyze Fiction (1996). Based on the analysis, the plot structure of Agatha Christie’s ‘Third Girl (2002) consisted of three parts: beginning plot, middle plot, and ending plot. The beginning plot of this novel told us about: (a) Hercule Poirot’s peaceful condition after having breakfast; (b) his attitude of scathing view on Edgar Allan Poe; (c) Miss. Norma’s performance with vacant expression; and (d) Hercule Poirot’s good relationship with Mrs Oliver and with Mrs Restarick. In the middle plot of this novel, the story of this novel presented about: (a) Mrs Restarick’s psychological conflict; (b) Andrew Restarick’s angriness because of David Baker’s relationship with his daughter, Miss Norma; and (c) Mrs Adriana’s unsuccessfulness to find Miss. Norma at Borodene Mansions. The events described in the complicating plot of this novel are about: (a) the investigation of Miss Norma as a suspected agent attempting to commit the murder of Mrs Restarick; (b) the secure of Miss Norma suspected to have committed murder by Dr. Stillingfleet at the time of throwing herself down in front of Jaguar; and (c) Dr Stillingfleet’s offering to Miss Norma to live at Kenway Court to hide herself from the inquiry of her father.
PERSEPSI ORANG DENGAN HIV/AIDS (ODHA) TERHADAP PERLAKUAN KELUARGA HINDU DAN SEKITARNYA
Authors: Sukiani Ni Ketut , Aditya Indra Ardana I Putu
Published: January 2020

The number of people living with HIV continues to show an increase every year and stigma and discrimination are still often obtained from their environment. PLWHA experience a double burden, in addition to focus on the development of their disease, PLWHA also experience difficulties in social interaction. This condition tends to make PLWHA depressed so that it will have a negative perspective on the surrounding environment. In the Hindu view it has been taught to avoid deviant behavior and treat humanely, support for healing PLWHA. The study aims to determine the perception of PLWHA towards the treatment of Hindu families, neighbors and Hindu figures. Method: quantitative cross-sectional study by conducting interviews using a questionnaire. Data were analyzed descriptively and Kruskal-Wallis statistical test. Results: Respondent characteristics based on male gender were 52.5% and age range 26-30 years was 36.5%. Respondents who had a high school education level were 25% and respondents who did not work were 22.5%. Perceptions of PLWHA towards the treatment of Hindu families by 40% received normal treatment, and 35% received good treatment. Perception of PLWHA towards neighboring treatment of 37.5% each felt normal treatment and poor treatment. Perception of PLWHA towards the treatment of Hindu figures by 45% received good treatment and by 27.5% received normal treatment. Conclusion: PLWHA still get stigma and discrimination from neighbors around their homes. The majority of PLWHA believe that neighbors have negative perceptions so that they give bad treatment to PLWHA. Early introduction of the concept of Hinduism as a guide in the prevention of HIV / AIDS, strengthening the role of Hindu figures in prevention, performing arts to socialize Hindu concepts, packaged innovatively through appropriate media to increase understanding of the people.
SITUASI FILARIASIS SETELAH PENGOBATAN MASSAL TAHUN KETIGA DI KABUPATEN MAMUJU UTARA
Authors: Managerxot Jek , Nurjana Made Agus , Chadijah Sitti , Veridiana Ni Nyoman , Octaviani Octaviani , Anastasia Hayani , Rosmini Rosmini , Mujiyanto Mujiyanto , Lobo Leonardo Taruk
Published: January 2020

Program pengobatan massal filariasis telah dilakukan selama tiga tahun berturut-turut di KabupatenMamuju Utara, namun penilaian terhadap keberhasilan pelaksanaan pengobatan tersebut belum pernahdilakukan. Untuk mengetahui perubahan situasi filariasis serta perubahan pengetahuan, sikap dan perilakumasyarakat pasca tiga tahun pelaksanaan pengobatan massal, telah dilakukan Survei Darah Jari (SDJ) danwawancara pada masyarakat setempat dari bulan Maret sampai dengan November 2015. Survei darah jaridilakukan di dua desa terpilih pada masyarakat yang berusia lima tahun keatas (≥ 5 tahun), dan wawancaradilakukan pada masyarakat di 30 desa terpilih yang berusia lima belas tahun keatas (≥ 15 tahun). Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa angka microfilaria rate di Kabupaten Mamuju Utara sebesar 1,39%, dengan spesies Brugia malayi. Hasil wawancara terhadap 1.586 responden menunjukkan bahwapengetahuan tentang penyakit filariasis dan kegiatan pengobatan massal masih rendah, demikian halnyadengan perilaku masyarakat terkait pencegahan dan konsumsi obat massal. Sebaliknya masyarakatcenderung bersikap positif terhadap kegiatan pencegahan, pengendalian dan pengobatan filariasis. Angkamicrofilaria rate yang masih diatas 1% (≥1%), serta pengetahuan dan perilaku masyarakat tentang penyakitfilariasis dan perilaku masyarakat terkait pencegahan dan konsumsi obat massal masih kurang, hal inimenunjukkan pelaksanaan POMP belum menunjukan hasil seperti yang diharapkan. Disarankan kegiatanpengobatan massal filariasis di Kabupaten Mamuju Utara masih perlu dilanjutkan sampai dengan limatahun, sesuai dengan prosedur dan dilakukan pemantauan yang ketat terhadap daerah dengan kasus kronisdan positif mikrofilaria.
INDIKATOR ENTOMOLOGI DALAM PENGENDALIAN VEKTOR TERPADU (PVT) MENUJU ELIMINASI MALARIA DI KABUPATEN NUNUKAN, KALIMANTAN UTARA
Authors: Sugiarto Sugiarto , Hadi Upik Kesumawati , Soviana Susi , Hakim Lukman , Ariati Jusniar
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT

Nunukan Regency is one of the malaria endemic areas in North Kalimantan Province. This study aims to identify the entomology indicators in integrated vector management in Nunukan District to further be considered in achieving malaria elimination in the region. The study was carried out on Sebatik Island, Nunukan Regency, North Kalimantan Province. Data analysis was carried out descriptively. The results showed that the value of vectorial capacity (VC) calculation for An. peditaeniatus (0.008) and An. sundaicus (0.057). Entomological inoculation rate (EIR) An. peditaeniatus and An. sundaicus is 0.08 (~ 28 infective bites / person / year). It can be concluded that vectorial capacity and entomological inoculation rate can be used as an indicator of entomology of malaria transmission and malaria transmission patterns in Sungai Nyamuk Village. Intensification of vector control in an integrated manner is needed in order to accelerate malaria elimination in Nunukan District. Integrated Vector Managemen (IVM) on Sebatik Island involves cross-sectoral participation, namely from the Health Office, the Public Works Agency, the Agriculture and Livestock Services Office, the Plantation Service Office, and the active community participation approach.

Keywords: Malaria, Anopheles sp, integrated vector manajemen

 

ABSTRAK

Kabupaten Nunukan merupakan satu di antara daerah endemis malaria di Provinsi Kalimantan Utara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi indikator entomologi   dalam pengendalian vektor terpadu di Kabupaten Nunukan, selanjutnya menjadi bahan pertimbangan dalam tercapainya eliminasi malaria di wilayah tersebut. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Pulau Sebatik, Kabupaten Nunukan-Kalimantan Utara. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai penghitungan vectorial capacity (VC) untuk An. peditaeniatus (0,008) dan An. sundaicus (0,057). Nilai entomological inoculation rate (EIR) An. peditaeniatus dan An. sundaicus adalah 0.08 (~28 gigitan infektif /orang/tahun). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa  vectorial capacity dan entomological inoculation rate dapat digunakan sebagai indikator entomologi penularan malaria dan pola penularan malaria di Desa Sungai Nyamuk. Intensifikasi pengendalian vektor secara terpadu sangat diperlukan dalam rangka akselerasi eliminasi malaria di Kabupaten Nunukan. Pengendalian Vektor Terpadu (PVT) di Pulau Sebatik  melibatkan peran serta lintas sektor yaitu dari Dinas Kesehatan, Dinas Pekerjaan Umum, Dinas Pertanian dan Peternakan, Dinas Perkebunan serta pendekatan partisipasi aktif masyarakat.

Kata kunci: Malaria, Anopheles sp, V.C., E.I.R., pengendalian  vektor terpadu
MODEL INTERVENSI HIPERTENSI DI PUSKESMAS PURWOYOSO, SEMARANG
Authors: Laelasari Eva , Prasodjo Rachmalina S , Cahyorini Cahyorini , Handayani Kartika , Wiryawan Yuwana , Anwar Athena
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT

To overcome community health problems, the government has launched the Healthy Indonesia Program through Family Approach (PIS-PK) since 2015. Until early 2018 the progress of this program over regions varies. The aim of this operational research conducted in Semarang in 2018 was to provide assistance for regions in implementing PIS-PK stages based on guidelines in order to produce an intervention model that can be sustainably applied with the commitments of related sectors and community participation. The result showed that Puskesmas Purwoyoso has implemented management of health service program throughout P1, P2, and P3 stages correctly in accordance with the guidelines. Based on healthy family indicators, RW 11 Purwoyoso Village was chosen as a priority area to be intervention model of hypertension prevention. The PIS-PK indicator showed that hypertension sufferers who were regularly treated was small in number. Several models used in handling hypertension cases through community empowerment approach including picking up patients with severe hypertension; blood pressure checking activity during social group gathering, so-called ‘arisan’ (CETAR), and anti-hypertension gardens. The intervention model had been implemented and established in RW 11 of Puskesmas Purwoyoso working area, therefore, other sectors involvement and community participation in hypertension prevention were expected

Keywords: Intervention model, hypertension, PIS-PK

 

ABSTRAK

Sejak tahun 2015 Pemerintah telah meluncurkan Program Indonesia Sehat dengan Pendekatan Keluarga (PIS PK) untuk menangani masalah kesehatan di masyarakat. Hingga awal tahun 2018, kemajuan pelaksanaan PIS PK di beberapa daerah bervariasi. Riset operasional yang dilakukan di Semarang pada tahun 2018 ini bertujuan untuk mendampingi daerah dalam melaksanakan tahapan pelaksanaan program PIS PK yang sesuai dengan pedoman, hingga menghasilkan model intervensi yang dapat diimplementasikan dengan melibatkan lintas sektor dan melibatkan peran serta masyarakat.Hasil pendampingan menunjukkan, Puskesmas Purwoyoso sudah menerapkan manajemen program pelayanan kesehatan Puskesmas melalui tahapan P1, P2, dan P3 sesuai pedoman. Berdasarkan nilai IKS dan cakupan indikator PIS PK yang belum berjalan dengan baik yaitu penderita hipertensi yang berobat teratur, maka dipilih RW 11 Kelurahan Purwoyoso sebagai wilayah prioritas untuk mendapat intervensi model penanggulangan hipertensi. Pemilihan model intervensi hipertensi melalui pendekatan pemberdayaan masyarakat adalah jemput pasien gawat hipertensi, cek tensi saat arisan (CETAR), dan taman hepi (anti hipertensi). Model intervensi telah ditetapkan dan diimplementasikan di RW 11 yang termasuk wilayah kerja Puskesmas Purwoyoso, dan diharapkan keterlibatan lintas sektor serta masyarakat untuk ikut berperan dalam penanggulangan hipertensi.

Kata kunci: Model intervensi, hipertensi, PIS-PK
PERSEPSI SOSIAL TENTANG STUNTING DI KABUPATEN TANGERANG
Authors: Liem Silva , Panggabean Hana , Farady Rustono Marta
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT

Stunting is an indicator of chronic malnutrition in the first 1000 days of a child’s life. This threatens the quality of human resources of Indonesia. The local communities generally interpret stunting as “short” and use different terms such as ‘kerdil’, ‘cebol’, ‘kuntet’, and ‘kuntring’. Having short posture is frequently perceived as heredity rather than as malnutrition.  Inadequate meanings derived from social perception process may lead mothers to ignore such behavior that will increase risks of stunting and undermine community participation in government-led programme to reduce stunting. This qualitative study aims to describe facts on how community preceived stunted children. Data were obtained through field observation and in-depth interviews with four mothers having under-five-aged children in Tangerang. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the collected data. This study revealed that stunting is not being associated with health or nutrition issues. In fact, participants perceive stunted children as smart children. Holding on to such perception may jeopardize optimal community participation in government’s efforts to reduce stunting prevalences. Design of appropriate activities may need to consider social perception held by local communities where the intervention will be implemented.

 Keywords: Stunting, social perception, childhood nutrition

 

ABSTRAK

 Stunting adalah indikator kekurangan gizi kronis dalam periode 1000 hari pertama kehidupan seseorang. Hal ini mengancam kualitas sumber daya manusia Indonesia. Masyarakat setempat pada umumnya memaknai stunting sebatas “berbadan pendek” dengan menggunakan istilah yang berbeda, misalnya ‘kerdil’, ‘cebol’, ‘kuntet’, dan ‘‘kuntring’’ sebagai akibat dari faktor keturunan. Perspektif persepsi sosial penting dalam pemaknaan tersebut, karena berpotensi mengabaikan perilaku berisiko anak stunting oleh para ibu dan menghambat partisipasi masyarakat dalam program pemerintah menurunkan kejadian stunting. Penelitian kualitatif ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana masyarakat memaknai balita berbadan pendek. Data diperoleh melalui observasi dan wawancara mendalam dengan empat orang ibu yang memiliki anak balita di kabupaten Tangerang. Data diolah dengan analisis tematik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan balita pendek tidak dikaitkan dengan masalah kesehatan maupun gizi, bahkan responden memandang anak ‘‘kuntring’’ sebagai anak yang pintar. Persepsi demikian dapat berdampak pada keterlibatan masyarakat yang tidak optimal dalam upaya pemerintah mengurangi kejadian stunting. Perencanaan intervensi pencegahan yang tepat perlu mempertimbangkan persepsi sosial yang berlaku dalam masyarakat.

 Kata kunci: Stunting, persepsi sosial, gizi anak balita
Pengaruh Perbedaan Ekosistem dan Faktor Lingkungan terhadap Keragaman Jenis Kelelawar di Kabupaten Tojo Una - Una dan Tolitoli Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah
Authors: Nurwidayati Anis , Nurjana Made Agus
Published: January 2020

Abstract

The bat species biodiversity varies across environments in six different ecosystems based on Vectora 2015 Research Report. These ecosystems were distant forests and near settlements, non forests near and far residential, as well as near and remote coastal settlements. We measured species diversity (Shannon-Wiener index), environmental factors were also measured during bat surveys, ie air temperature, humidity and weather during survey. This paper was a further analysis of Vectora 2015 Research Report. The analysis was aimed to determine the impact of environmental factors to the bat species diversity especially in Tojo Una-Una and Tolitoli District. We found that the temperature and humidity factors significantly affect the diversity of bat species. The highest species diversity found in the forest near settlement, that was 0,3396.

Abstrak

Data Riset Khusus Vektora tahun 2015 menunjukkan adanya keragaman spesieskelelawar di lokasi riset yang terdiri atas enam ekosistem yang berbeda. Ekosistemtersebut adalah hutan , non hutan jauh dan dekat pemukiman dekat dan jauhpemukiman, serta dekat dan jauh pemukiman pantai . Faktor lingkungan juga diukurpada saat dilakukan survei kelelawar, yaitu suhu udara, kelembaban dan cuaca saatpenangkapan. Tulisan ini merupakan hasil analisis lanjut Riset Khusus vektora tahun2015. Analisis dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh ekosistemdan faktor lingkungan (suhu, kelembaban dan cuaca) terhadap keragaman jeniskelelawar di Kabupaten Tojo Una-Una dan Tolitoli Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah danperannya sebagai reservoir penyakit zoonosis. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwafaktor suhu dan kelembaban berpengaruh pada keragaman spesies kelelawar secarasignifikan.
Studi Filariasis Pasca Pemberian Obat Pencegahan Massal (POPM) Filariasis Tahap III Kabupaten Muara Enim Provinsi Sumatera Selatan Tahun 2016
Authors: Ritawati Ritawati , Oktarina Reni
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Muara Enim is an endemic lymphatic filariasis district in South Sumatera Province. Microfilaria rate reported in 2009 was 10.3%. Filarial prevention mass drug administration (MDA) was simultaneously carried out since 2013. The objectives of the study were to identify the lymphatic filariasis situation (microfilaria rate, history of drugs administration, vector species and larval habitat) after the introduction of third phase filariasis prevention drugs. Study design was cross sectional study, which located in Penanggiran and Cinta Kasih Village, Muara Enim District in 2015. Sampling was done by examination of finger blood at night from 19:00 to 24:00. The history of taking MDA was asked to the villagers > 15 years old that were taken finger blood speciments. The catching of adult mosquitoes was done once by human landing collection method for 12 hours (18.00-06.00). Observation of larvae was conducted in larval breeding habitats.The results found one sample Brugia malayi mikrofilaria species positive of 726 from the sentinel village of sentinel. Microfilarial rate was 0.29%. The dominant mosquito vector species was Culex quinquefasciatus. The mosquito larvae were found in the marsh area. We found only 22% of 537 respondents has been taking the drug three times for three years.

Abstrak

Muara Enim merupakan daerah endemis filariasis di Provinsi SumateraSelatan. Mikrofilaria rate dilaporkan tahun 2009 sebesar 10,3%. Pemberianobat pencegahan massal serentak dilakukan sejak tahun 2013. Tujuanpenelitian mengetahui gambaran filariasis (mikrofilaria rate, riwayat minumobat, spesies nyamuk dan habitat larva) pasca-Pemberian Obat PencegahanMassal (pasca-POPM) filariasis tahap tiga. Desain penelitian studi potonglintang, lokasi penelitian di Desa Penanggiran dan Cinta Kasih. Pengambilansampel dengan cara pemeriksaan darah jari pada malam hari dimulai pukul19.00-24.00 WIB terhadap seluruh penduduk desa yang datang pada saatsurvei darah jari (SDJ). Riwayat minum obat pencegahan ditanyakan padapenduduk yang diambil spesimen darah jari berumur >15 tahun. Penangkapannyamuk dewasa dilakukan masing-masing satu kali di desa lokasi penelitiandengan metode human landing collection selama 12 jam (18.00–06.00 WIB).Pengamatan dan pencidukan larva pada habitat perkembangbiakan larva.Hasil pemeriksaan darah terhadap 726 orang ditemukan satu orang positifmikrofilaria dengan spesies Brugia malayi dengan Mf rate sebesar 0,29%.Frekuensi minum obat massal filariasis selama tiga tahun POPM dari 537responden hanya sebesar 22,0%. Spesies nyamuk yang dominan ditemukanCulex quinquefasciatus. Larva nyamuk vektor filariasis ditemukan di rawa.Disarankan sosialisasi, pentingnya minum obat pencegahan filariasis danpeningkatan praktik pencegahan untuk mengurangi kontak dengan nyamuk.
Aplikasi IJEN (Infeksi Jamur Entomopatogen pada Nyamuk) : Jamur Metarhizium anisopliae pada Nyamuk Aedes aegypti
Authors: Indriyati Liestiana , Salamiah Salamiah , Fatah Lutfhi , Suhartono Eko , Ridha Muhammad Rasyid , Fadily Abdullah , Paisal Paisal , Andiarsa Dicky
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Dengue hemorrhagic fever is one of the main problems in Indonesia, its handling on chemical insecticides with insecticide resistance constraints that can inhibit vector control efforts. Entomopathogenic fungi especially Metarhizium anisopliae is one of bioinsecticides that has been widely used in agriculture for controlling insect attacks, effective in killing mosquitoes, safe for vertebrates, humans and the environment and has a small risk of resistance. Appropriate methods of formulation and application for M. anisopliae infection to mosquitoes suitable for mosquito bionomic and fungus characteristics are required. Experimental research with complete randomized design was conducted to test the efficacy of.  M.anisopliae solution mixed olive oil and honey formula applied to ovitrap, plant trap and black cotton trap in infecting adult female Ae. aegypti. The death of Ae.a egypti and fungal growth on kadaver was observed everyday. 100% Ae. aegypti death was obtained in the ovitrap method with mixed formulation of M.anisopliae and olive oil. This method was also capable of infecting Ae.aegypti in various phases of both adults, eggs and larvae so that in this study ovitrap olive oil method was the most effective method for infecting M.anisopliae on Ae.aegypti.

Abstrak

Demam berdarah dengue merupakan salah satu masalah utama di Indoneisa. Penggunaan insektisida kimia sebagai upaya pengendalian DBD saat ini memiliki kendala resistensi insektisida yang dapat menghambat upaya pengendalian vektor. Jamur entomopatogen khususnya Metarhizium anisopliae adalah salah satu bioinsektisida yang telah digunakan secara luas di bidang pertanian untuk pengendalian serangan serangga efektif membunuh nyamuk, aman bagi vertebrata, manusia dan lingkungan serta memiliki risiko resistensi yang kecil. Diperlukan metode yang tepat baik dari formulasi maupun cara aplikasi untuk penginfeksian M.anisopliae kepada nyamuk yang sesuai dengan bionomik nyamuk dan karakteristik jamur. Penelitian eksperimental dengan rancangan acak lengkap dilakukan untuk menguji efektivitas formula M.anisopliae. Larutan  M.anisopliae dicampur minyak zaitun dan madu yang diaplikasikan pada ovitrap, plant trap dan black cotton trap dalam menginfeksi Ae.aegypti betina dewasa. Pengamatan dilakukan pada  kematian Ae.aegypti dan pertumbuhan jamur pada kadaver setiap hari. Kematian Ae.aegypti 100% didapatkan pada metode ovitrap dengan formulasi campuran M.anisopliae dan minyak zaitun. Metode ini juga mampu menginfeksi Ae.aegypti pada berbagai fase baik dewasa, telur maupun larva sehingga pada penelitian ini metode zaitun ovitrap dinyatakan metode yang paling efektif untuk penginfeksian M.anisopliae pada Ae.aegypti.
Pemetaan Habitat Jentik Nyamuk Di Kecamatan Cibalong, Kabupaten Garut, Provinsi Jawa Barat
Authors: Ruliansyah Andri , Ridwan Wawan , Kusnandar Asep Jajang
Published: January 2020

Abstract

The environment is an important factor in transmitting vector-borne diseases where an environment is a place of interaction between hosts, agents, and vectors. The existence of mosquitoes as a vector of various types of diseases is influenced by the existence of mosquito breeding habitats in an area. The results of mapping can be a guide to finding larva habitat when carrying out vector control. In addition, there is no map of larva habitat in Cibalong Subdistrict, Garut Regency so that mapping of breeding sites and behavior of mosquitoes becomes very important. The purpose of this study was to map the mosquito larval habitats in Cibalong District, Garut regency. Data collection was done by plotting habitats using Global Positioning System (GPS) and larva identifications using a compound microscope. Habitat larvae found in Karangparanje, Karyasari Village and Sakambangan, Mekarwangi Village, dominated by rice fields and water streams. While larvae found were Culex sp, Anopheles sp, Aedes sp, and Malaya sp. This finding confirmed that  Cibalong District receptive as a transmitting area of ​​Malaria, DHF, and Filaria, so it is necessary to be aware of the possibility of transmission of vector-borne diseases in those areas.

Abstrak

Lingkungan merupakan faktor penting dalam penularan penyakit tular vektor di mana lingkungan merupakan tempat berinteraksi antara host , agen dan vektor. Keberadaan nyamuk sebagai vektor berbagai macam penyakit dipengaruhi oleh keberadaan habitat perkembangbiakan nyamuk di suatu wilayah. Hasil suatu pemetaan dapat menjadi panduan untuk menemukan habitat jentik pada saat melakukan pengendalian vektor. Selain itu belum adanya suatu peta habitat jentik di Kecamatan Cibalong Kabupaten Garut sehingga pemetaan tempat perkembangbiakan dan perilaku nyamuk menjadi sangat penting. Tujuan kajian ini untuk memetakan habitat jentik nyamuk di Kecamatan Cibalong  Kabupaten Garut. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan membuat titik (plotting)  habitat dengan menggunakan Global Positioning System (GPS) dan identifikasi jentik menggunakan mikroskop binokuler. Habitat jentik yang ditemukan di  Dusun Karangparanje Desa Karyasari dan Dusun Sakambangan Desa Mekarwangi, didominasi oleh sawah dan aliran sungai. Sedangkan jentik yang ditemukan yaitu Culex sp, Anopheles sp, Aedes sp dan Malaya sp. Hal ini menjadikan Kecamatan Cibalong reseptif sebagai daerah penular malaria, DBD, dan filaria, sehingga perlu diwaspadai kemungkinan terjadinya penularan penyakit tular vektor di wilayah tersebut.
THE EFFECTIVENESS TEST OF TURMERIC EXTRACT TOWARD BACILUS CEREUS BACTERIA WITH THE COMPARISON OF CIPROFLOXACIN
Authors: Maulidi Risyad Rizki , Pangaribuan Novita Helshinta Dewi , Ginting Frisdayanti Br , Sheridan Princessa Fath , Lubis Yolanda Eliza Putri
Published: January 2020

This research aims to find out effectiveness test of turmeric rhizome in concentration of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% toward Bacillus cereus bacterial and Ciprofloxacin the same concentration as the comparison. Bacillus cereus Bacteria is a gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria and it is dangerous for humans. This research was conducted with an experimental method with post-test only design and sampling using purposive sampling method. The effectiveness test of turmeric rhizome extract toward Bacillus cereus bacteria was carried out by diffusion using disc paper by calculating the diameter of the bacterial inhibition zone against disc paper that had been moistened with turmeric rhizome extract or Ciprofloxacin solution. The results obtained in this research were carried out with the Post Hoc test, the test was found that there were significant differences from each treatment given with a 95% confidence index. In bacteria treated with 25% ciprofloxacin toward Bacillus cereus, the effectiveness was above 50% turmeric rhizome extract and under 75% turmeric extract. Turmeric extract of 75% 10.6 mm had bacterial effect as Ciprofloxacin 25% of 10.1 mm toward the growth of Bacillus cereus bacterial.
Job satisfaction of female office clerks in government, multinational, and local private business concerns of Bangladesh
Authors: Rahaman Afrina , . Nargis Akhter
Published: January 2020

In this study the researchers attempt to make a comparative study among the female office clerks of government, multinational and local private business organizations in Bangladesh regarding their job satisfaction. The study consisted of 255 sample female office clerks of government; multinational and local private business concerns in Bangladesh and convenient method of sampling was used to collect data for this study. Factor analysis, regression analysis were used for analyzing the data. The employers of government, multinational and local private business organizations can take help from this study to know about the job satisfaction of female office clerks of their organizations. The study also opens the scope to make a comparative study on various issues to female office clerks in Bangladesh.
Strategies for Sustainable Channel Relations in Mobile Telecom Sector
Authors: Heggde Githa
Published: January 2020

The telecom sector in India largely comprises of wireless connections for phones. As of today, there are approximately 21 network providers in the country with about 7 per each circle, each offering competitive pricing to the consumers. The main objective of the study is to provide an accurate role for the company executive in developing channel relations. Further to this, the study explores the strategies which can sustain a good working relationship between the company and its channel members in the mobile telecom sector. The constructs identified for developing sustainable relationships were Setting distribution objectives, Channel design, Logistics, Image Building, Inventory management, Channel management, Payment & credit, Promotional assistance, Setting targets, Coverage frequency , Motivating channel members to perform. The sample selected contained distributors from the Mobile telecom sector and company executives/channel managers of leading telecom companies. Factor analysis and Friedmanâ€™s test was applied. The findings revealed a correlation in attitude between distributors and the executives. Motivating distributors was rated as the most important strategy by the company. The distributors felt that all channel partners needed to have positive attitude towards the channel while company executives felt that aggression made channel members perform effectively. Such findings will be of use to mobile telecom companies who are new entrants to the Indian market and to existing companies who plan to expand their coverage.
Most Preferred Business Banking Product of HDFC Bank in Trichy City
Authors: T. Uma Rani
Published: January 2020

Change is the only constant factor in this dynamic world and banking is not an exception. The changes staring in the face of bankers relates to the fundamental way of banking-which is undergoing rapid transformation in the world of today, in response to the forces of completion productivity and efficiency of operations, reduced operating margins better asset/liability management, risk management, any time and any where banking. The major challenge faced by banks today is to protect the falling margins due to the impact of competition. Another significant impact of banks today is the technology issue. In this study the business banking products of HDFC bank, that best suits the needs of the borrower were analysed. The Customer feels that loans to be obtained require a process that is extremely complicating and time consuming. This calls for an ombudsman setup separately for the domain. The observation and findings of the study have helped to give useful recommendation to bank. The implementation of the suggestion can help to improve strategies and build competencies over that of their competitors. This study has there by helped me by giving exposure into new concepts in todayâ€™s banking scenario as the interface shifts from service to products. There has also been some insight into competency recognition.
Using ATMs as Workload Relievers for Ghanaian Bank Tellers: The Customer Behavioral Challenge
Authors: Sanda Mohammed-Aminu
Published: January 2020

This study explored the issue of whether the use of the Automated Teller Machines (ATM) as a service delivery tool in the banking industry of many developing countries has achieved its intended objective of increasing the effectiveness of customer service provision and reducing the workload of bank tellers. The purpose is to understand customersâ€™ behaviour towards the use of ATM as a banking service delivery tool, and the influence of such customer-usage behaviour on the banksâ€™ human resource capacity building, in terms of employee workload relief and performance. This is because most banks in subSaharan African countries have introduced the ATM in bids to satisfying customersâ€™ service needs and making the work of employees easier. Data was collected using questionnaires that were administered to bank customers who use the ATM facility, as well as bank managers. The findings showed that though most bank customers who use the ATM services perceive the ATM as a convenient, reliable, accurate and suitable service delivery tool for their banking transactions; they still underutilize the ATMâ€™s service capacity by choosing to go to the banking halls to make cash withdrawals of amounts that could be obtained from the ATMs. It is also found that by virtue of this customer behaviour of not using the ATMâ€™s to their full potential, the relief that it is expected to provide bank tellers is not realized. It is concluded that because of customer behavioral challenges to the effective utilization of the ATM technology, banks in developing economies not benefiting from its full potential as a customer service delivery tool, and also as a strategic workload reliever for tellers who service customers inside the banking halls.
An Empirical Study on the Association between International Experiences and Ethical Perceptions
Authors: Ho Yi-Hui
Published: January 2020

International experiences have gained increasing attentions by business professionals in the era of business globalization. Business ethics has also received substantial attentions due to those unceasing business scandals and their significant impact on stakeholders. As a result, research on business ethics and international experiences has no doubt brought about a growing attention lately. Nevertheless, little empirical research investigated the association between international experiences and ethical perceptions. Therefore, this study intends to explore the relationships between international experiences and ethical perceptions of business students. A questionnaire survey which takes business students in Taiwan as research subjects was used to probe participantsâ€™ ethical perceptions and their international experiences. The Multidimensional Ethics Scales is employed to measure studentsâ€™ ethical perceptions, and an international experience questionnaire was developed to determine studentsâ€™ international experiences. The findings reveal significant relationships exist between international experiences and ethical perceptions of business students. The study can promote further understanding of the associations of international experiences and ethical perceptions of future business professionals. Furthermore, the results of the study can help higher education institutions and international businesses to realize the possible impact of international experiences on ethical perceptions for business students.
Inflation and Inflation Tax in Iran: A Threshold Regression â€˜Laffer Curveâ€™ Model
Authors: JafariSamimi Ahmad , . Habib Ansari Samani , . Younes Nademi
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this paper is examining the Laffer curve for inflation tax. To do so we have used Hansen (1996, 2000), threshold regression model to study whether a non-linear relationship between inflation Tax and inflation based on two regimes of inflation (low and high inflation regimes). Our findings support a standard Laffer curve shape in Iran with a threshold inflation rate of 15.24 percentage points. In other words, only at inflation below this rate inflation tax will increase as a result of higher inflation.
Effect of Mergers and Acquisitions on Market Concentration and Interest Spread
Authors: Khan Mehwish Aziz , . Attiya Javid
Published: January 2020

This study investigates the relationship of mergers & acquisitions with the interest spread of the banking industry in Pakistan. To assess whether the merger of Pakistani banks were a success or otherwise, profitability, liquidity ratios, and net interest spread are computed which are considered essential to judge the financial performance of any bank. Data is taken for the period of 1997-2010 and this data have been used to calculate the interest spread and market concentration. Market Concentration is calculated by using Herfindahl-Hirschman Index or HHI. Findings show that the profitability and net interest spread of two merged banks declines as a result of mergers. It is also revealed that Concentration of the banking industry shows a rising trend during 2008 and 2009 after mergers occurred during 2007 as a result of merger. However, it shows the level that almost approaches the threshold i.e. 1000. One or two more mergers can push up threshold level of HH index. It means that it is the right time for banking industry of Pakistan to be reviewed by any antitrust authority to maintain the optimum level of competition.
The Effect of Service Quality, Customer Perceived Value and Satisfaction on Loyalty
Authors: Tu Yu-Te , . Heng-Chi Chih
Published: January 2020

The service industry has become more and more important for business activities. Service industry contributes about 60% of the annual GDP and 70% of new jobs in America. According to the statistics of Executive Yuan of Taiwan, the service industry contributes over 70% of the annual GDP in 2008. The ultimate goal for companies is to build customer loyalty. With loyal customers, companies can reduce the operating cost and acquisition expenses. An improvement of 5 percent in customer retention leads to an increase of 25 percent to 75 percent in profit. It costs more than five times as much to obtain a new customer than to keep an existing one. This initial study was from relevant literature, then set up research structure and hypotheses. Survey was employed, and respondents were from the customers of TKEC in Taipei area. There were 199 usable questionnaires to analyze descriptive statistics, reliability, validity, and SEM model. The research found that service quality significantly affects customer perceived value and customer satisfaction, and customer perceived value and customer satisfaction have strong impact on customer loyalty for the sample. Therefore, firms have to specifically focus on these factors in order to build a long-term and mutually profitability relationship with a customer and create loyalty as competitive advantages in the market.
Does Corporate Control Transactionsâ€™ Type and Focus really Create Value? Evidence from an Emerging Market
Authors: Warokka Ari , . Juan Jose Duran Herrera
Published: January 2020

The failure of corporate-control transactions as strategic-oriented transactions to create significant values for their stockholders has triggered the management to deal with these phenomena by setting the right and best strategies and at the same time, to ensure company's growth in the future. This study tests empirically the implication of corporate-control transaction announcement on companiesâ€™ abnormal returns. Particularly, this study investigates the effect of the announcement of corporate-control transactionsâ€™ type (merger and acquisition, sell-off, joint venture, alliance) and focus (transformative or expansionist). It used the event study of 94 corporate-control transactions, which contains of transactionsâ€™ type and focus of during 1991-2001 periods. By using multivariate regression analysis, the results show that the announcement of corporate-control transactions significant and positively influence the cumulative abnormal return. Meanwhile, the announcement of the corporate-control transactionsâ€™ type and focus does not significantly influence stockholders' benefit. Generally, the characteristic of the independent and control variables in this study due to their implications to cumulative abnormal return are in-line with previous studies. In addition, this study has proven that the characteristic of investors in Indonesia's stock markets are very different with the ones in many other places like Europe or United States. In other words, this reflects the unstable and inefficiency of Indonesia's stock market as an emerging market.
Analysis of Convergence of Fiscal Variables in Sub-Saharan African Countries (1981-2007): A Stochastic Technique
Authors: Olasunkanmi OSENI Isiaq
Published: January 2020

The study examined the analysis of convergence of fiscal variables among Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries for the period 1981-2007. Secondary time-series data were used for the study and analysed using econometric techniques. The results showed that there were convergence in Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sierra Leone and Uganda while there were divergence in Burundi, Kenya, Mauritius and South Africa. The study concluded that only Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sierra Leone and Uganda could form Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) as a result of their convergence of Fiscal Variables.
Money and Inflation in Iran: Evidence from P* Model
Authors: Naghdi Yazdan , . Nasibeh Kakoei
Published: January 2020

This study with its monetary viewpoint and in the form of P* model surveyed to test the money affect on inflation in Iranian economy. To achieve this goal OLS, ARDL techniques were used during 19792008. It should be noted that only the standard P* model (domestic price gap) were tested in this study. Considering that domestic price gap consists of output gap and velocity gap, the Hedrickâ€“Prescott filter method is used to estimate the potential production levels and the velocity. Estimation results of various models show that the standard P* model (domestic price gap) is not able to explain and forecast inflation in Iran.
Relationship between Risk Perception and Employee Investment Behavior
Authors: Shafi Haroon , . Mubashir Hussain , . Syed Imran Sajjad , . Kashif Ur Rehman
Published: January 2020

Investment behavior of an investor depends on his/her risk perception and risk attitude. This paper attempts to explore that how the perception of an investor who is also the employee of that organization differs from other investors. Does he/she perceives risk similarly as other common investors or his relationship with the organization as an employee has any impact his/her risk perception, attitude and investment behavior. This research study is conceptual in nature and mainly based on previous literature findings and evidences. Findings of this study suggested that employees risk perception is directly related with investment behavior and there is strong relationship between them. This can help the management to make special offers of shares to employees, this will further strength the bond of employees with the organization.