bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of corneal endothelial changes following phacoemulsification in diabetic and non-diabetic patients
Authors: Chaurasia Rajendra Kumar , Khasnavis Arpita , Mittal Jimmy
Published: March 2022

Purpose:

To study corneal endothelial changes post phacoemulsification in diabetic and non-diabetic patients.

Methods:

A comparative, prospective, observational study was conducted on 100 diabetic and 100 non-diabetics who underwent phacoemulsification. All patients were operated by the same surgeon by using the phaco chop technique to exclude any surgeon-related bias. Endothelial cell count, CCT, and coefficient of variance (CV) were measured with a specular microscope along with BCVA preoperatively and at 1 week, 4 weeks, and 3 months postoperatively. For statistical analysis, data were analyzed by using SPSS (version 27.0; SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Data were summarized as mean and standard deviation for numerical variables and count and percentages for categorical variables. Chi square test, independent sample T test, and paired T test were used to compare the data. P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

Postoperatively at 1 week, 4-week, and 3 months follow-up intervals, the mean endothelial cell count and coefficient of variance were significantly higher, and the mean percentage of hexagonal cells was significantly lower in non diabetic as compared to the diabetic group. A significant difference in mean central corneal thickness of the two groups was observed at 1-week and 4-weeks postoperative intervals; at both these intervals, the mean value was significantly higher in non diabetic as compared to the non-diabetic group. However, at 3-months post-operative interval, the difference between the two groups was not significant statistically. Mean BCVA values were significantly higher in diabetic as compared to the diabetic group at all three follow-up intervals.

Conclusion:

The findings of the present study show that endothelial cell characteristics are adversely affected in diabetic eyes as compared to non-diabetic patients undergoing phacoemulsification; this might also have an effect on the visual outcomes.
Comparison of effective phacoemulsification time and corneal endothelial cell loss using three different ultrasound frequencies: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Dewan Taru , Malik Praveen K , Tomar Preeti
Published: March 2022

Purpose:

Comparison of three ultrasound (US) frequencies for phacoemulsification of hard cataracts to determine a frequency that makes phacoemulsification more efficacious and safer.

Methods:

A randomized controlled trial was undertaken at a medical college and hospital. In total, 207 patients with grade 5.6–6.9 (LOCS III) senile cataract were randomized into three groups. Group I underwent phacoemulsification with 28-kHz frequency, group II with 42-kHz frequency, and group III with 53-kHz frequency. The effective phacoemulsification time (EPT) and estimated fluid usage (EFU) were compared intraoperatively. The endothelial cell parameters were analyzed for 6 months.

Results:

The groups were matched for age (P = 0.467), gender (P = 0.497), nuclear grade (P = 0.321), and anterior chamber depth (P = 0.635). The EPT and EFU were significantly lower in group III, compared to group II and group I, with P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0001, respectively. Postoperatively, the endothelial cell density (ECD) was significantly higher in group III at 1 month (P < 0.0001), 3 months (P < 0.0001), and 6 months (P < 0.0001). The percentages of ECD loss were also significantly lower in group III; the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.0001) up to 6 months postoperatively

Conclusion:

Higher frequency ultrasound was associated with a lower EPT and EFU as well as better endothelial preservation than lower frequencies in hard cataracts.
Eye MG 3D Application - A comprehensive ocular anatomy and pathophysiology 3D atlas with real-time true color confocal images to enhance ophthalmology education and e-Counseling
Authors: Ramesh Prasanna V , Devadas Aji Kunnath , Joshua Tensingh , Ray Prajnya , Ramesh Shruthy V , Raj Pragash M , Ramesh Meena K , Rajasekaran Ramesh
Published: March 2022

Concepts pertaining to ophthalmology have lots of theoretical frameworks. Neophyte residents and novice surgeons may have to mentally visualize these concepts during the initial days of training. Only a powerful cognitive tool such as a three-dimensional (3D) eyeball model, with real-time TrueColor confocal images (and not animated images or models), can fill in these intellective mental gaps. Giving the users (i.e., residents and students) the power to choose and visualize various parts of the eye, with multiple magnitudes of zoom, is mandatory for optimal e-learning. To make ophthalmic concept learning better, we have developed a 3D app Eye MG 3D (patent pending) comprising ocular anatomy and pathophysiological 3D models, built on an advanced interactive 3D touch interface, by using patient’s real-time confocal images to serve as a new-age pedagogical tool and e-counseling. According to our knowledge, there are no applications to date that incorporate real-time high-resolution multimodal confocal fundus images and photoreal visuals for interactive and immersive 3D learning.
Utilizing human intelligence in artificial intelligence for detecting glaucomatous fundus images using human-in-the-loop machine learning
Authors: Ramesh Prasanna Venkatesh , Subramaniam Tamilselvan , Ray Prajnya , Devadas Aji Kunnath , Ramesh Shruthy Vaishali , Ansar Sheik Mohamed , Ramesh Meena Kumari , Rajasekaran Ramesh , Parthasarathi Sathyan
Published: March 2022

Purpose:

For diagnosing glaucomatous damage, we have employed a novel convolutional neural network (CNN) from TrueColor confocal fundus images to conquer the black box dilemma in artificial intelligence (AI). This neural network with CNN architecture with human-in-the-loop (HITL) data annotation helps not only in diagnosing glaucoma but also in predicting and locating detailed signs in the glaucomatous fundus, such as splinter hemorrhages, glaucomatous optic atrophy, vertical glaucomatous cupping, peripapillary atrophy, and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) defect.

Methods:

The training was done on a well-curated private dataset of 1,400 high-resolution confocal fundus images, out of which 1,120 images (80%) were used exclusively for training and 280 images (20%) were used exclusively for testing. A custom trained You Only Look Once version 5 (YOLOv5)-based object detection methodology was used to identify the underlying conditions precisely. Twenty-six predefined medical conditions were annotated by a team of humans (comprising two glaucoma specialists and two optometrists) by using the Microsoft Visual Object Tagging Tool (VoTT) tool. The 280 testing images were split into three groups (90,100, and 90 images) for three test runs done once every 15 days.

Results:

Test results showed consistent increments in the accuracy, from 94.44% to 98.89%, in predicting the glaucoma diagnosis along with the detailed signs of the glaucomatous fundus

Conclusion:

Utilizing human intelligence in AI for detecting glaucomatous fundus images by using HITL machine learning has never been reported in the literature before. This AI model not only has good sensitivity and specificity in accurate glaucoma predictions but is also an explainable AI, thus overcoming the black box dilemma.
3D printing ophthalmology related models for enhancing learning through the concept of puzzle assembly - A comprehensive self-learning tactile tool kit
Authors: Ramesh Prasanna V , Devadas Aji Kunnath , Joshua Tensingh , Ray Prajnya , Ramesh Shruthy V , Ramesh Meena K , Rajasekaran Ramesh
Published: March 2022

Practical sessions facilitate teaching, critical thinking, and coping skills, especially among medical students and professionals. Currently, in ophthalmology, virtual and augmented reality are employed for surgical training by using three-dimensional (3D) eyeball models. These 3D models when printed can be used not only for surgical training but also in teaching ophthalmic residents and fellows for concept learning through tactile 3D puzzle assembly. 3D printing is perfectly suited for the creation of complex bespoke items in a cost-effective manner, making it ideal for rapid prototyping. Puzzle making, when combined with 3D printing can evolve into a different level of learning in the field of ophthalmology. Though various 3D eyeball models are currently available, complex structures such as the cerebral venous system and the circle of Willis have never been 3D printed and presented as 3D puzzles for assembling and learning. According to our knowledge, this concept of ophthalmic pedagogy has never been reported. In this manuscript, we discuss in detail the 3D models created by us (patent pending), for printing into multiple puzzle pieces for effective tactile learning by cognitive assembling.
Decoding “guitar pick sign” in COVID-19–associated mucormycosis: A case series
Authors: Reddy Y Muralidhar , Parida Subhendu , Reddy S Bharathi , Yeduguri Sreekanth , Pidaparthi Lalitha , Jaiswal Shyam K. , Sadhvani Bhavna , K Murthy Jagarlapudi M
Published: March 2022

“Guitar pick sign,” also referred to as posterior globe tenting, is a radiological surrogate marker of tense orbit and profound vision loss. It is seen commonly in traumatic retrobulbar hemorrhage and carotico-cavernous fistula and less frequently in orbital cellulitis, subperiosteal abscess, and invasive fungal infections. We report a case series of Coronavirus disease-19–associated rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis with guitar pick sign, of which none survived, and discuss the causative pathomechanisms, severity grade, and the clinical relevance of this unique radiological finding.
Acute acquired comitant esotropia precipitated by excessive near work during the COVID-19-induced home confinement
Authors: Neena R , Remya S , Anantharaman Giridhar
Published: March 2022

Purpose:

To evaluate the causes of acute acquired comitant esotropia (AACE) in young adults and children in the setting of COVID-19-induced home confinement.

Methods:

A retrospective, clinical study of all patients, who presented to the Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus services of a tertiary eye care center in South India from August 2020 to January 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic, with acute-onset, comitant esotropia.

Results:

11 (73.3%) of the total 15 patients were students, above 10 years and with a mean age of 16.8 years. 12 patients (80%) had more than 8 hours of near activity a day with a mean duration of 8.6 hours per day. The most common near activity was online classes, followed by job-related work and mobile games, and 86.7% used smartphones for near work. The average esotropia was 22.73 prism diopter (PD) for distance and 18.73 PD for near. Majority (66.6%) had hyperopia with basic or divergence insufficiency esotropia, and the remaining 33.3% had myopia and fitted in to the Bielschowsky type AACE. There was no precipitating event other than sustained near work in all, except in one patient who also had fever prior to the onset of esotropia

Conclusion:

The habit of long-time and sustained near work, especially on smartphones, may increase the risk of inducement of AACE.
Retinal manifestations of ophthalmic artery occlusion with ischemic stroke in a young patient with COVID-19
Authors: Paul Lagan , Jain Tanya , Singh Shalini
Published: March 2022

COVID-19-associated coagulopathy (CAC) has led to an increase in the incidence of large vessel stroke and cryptogenic shock. We present a case of a 30-year-old COVID-19-positive patient who developed an internal carotid artery (ICA) thrombosis, which led to ischemic stroke, aphasia, and unilateral blindness. Ophthalmic artery occlusion (OAO) was found to be the cause of vision loss. We thereby aim to highlight the detailed ophthalmic manifestations of OAO with features of posterior ciliary artery occlusion (PCAO) in this patient with proven ICA thrombosis.
Progress in the diagnosis of ocular sarcoidosis
Authors: O’Keefe Ghazala A Datoo , Rao Narsing A
Published: March 2022

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous inflammation that affects multiple organ systems. The spectrum of extraocular and ocular involvement is wide and may precede systemic involvement. The diagnosis of ocular sarcoidosis relies on a combination of clinical findings, laboratory investigations, and radiographic findings. These include but are not limited to serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), lysozyme, plain-film radiographs of the chest, computed tomography (CT) scans of the chest, pulmonary function testing, bronchoalveolar lavage, and retinal imaging among others. In this review, we highlight current and evolving systemic investigations and approaches to ophthalmic imaging when considering the diagnosis of ocular sarcoidosis.
Transconjunctival botulinum toxin injection into the lacrimal gland in crocodile tears syndrome
Authors: Pattanayak Sabyasachi , Sharma Pramod Kumar , Samikhya Swati , Khuntia Ipsita , Patra Kalyani
Published: March 2022

Purpose:

To determine the efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin injection into the lacrimal gland as a symptomatic treatment of crocodile tear syndrome (CTS).

Methods:

Our study included six patients of unilateral gustatory hyper lacrimation following either an episode of facial paralysis or post trauma or any related surgery that posed a risk of damaging the facial nerve. Detailed history regarding previous trauma, duration of facial paralysis, previous significant surgery, and duration of steroid use following facial paralysis was noted. Schirmer’s test was done at baseline and 3 months follow-up. Patients’ consent was taken prior to treatment with botulinum toxin injection in the lacrimal gland. Repeat injection of 5 U botulinum toxin (type A) was administered into the lacrimal gland of all patients transconjunctivally within an interval of 1 week. All patients were followed up with Schirmer’s test at 6 weeks and 3 months. Any complications during treatment were recorded.

Results:

All six patients showed complete or partial disappearance of reflex lacrimation while chewing following botulinum injection measured by a significant reduction in Schirmer’s value. When comparing Schirmer test values before (27.8 ± 3.58 mm) and after (11.6 ± 2.28 mm) BTX-A injection, the differences observed (P = 0.002) were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Only two patients developed mild transitory ptosis. No other complications were noted

Conclusion:

Transconjunctival botulinum toxin injection into the lacrimal gland is an effective and safe method to decrease reflex lacrimation during eating or chewing in CTS or gustatory hyper-lacrimation syndrome.
Comparing miR-16 and miR-1228 as an optimal endogenous control for quantification of circulating microRNAs in colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Yang Chia-Lin , Tsai Fu-Ming , Chen Chuang-Wei , Hsiao Kuan-Hong , Chen Jia-Hui , Kao Woei-Yau
Published: March 2022

Objectives:

Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have been discovered to play a novel role in intercellular communication and cancer biology. They are emerging candidates for noninvasive molecular biomarkers of cancer and other diseases. However, current translational researches have been limited by the lack of consensus on the optimal endogenous control of circulating miRNAs quantitation. In this study, we compared two promising miRNAs, miR-1228 and miR-16, as an endogenous control. The effects of normalizers on the relative quantification of circulating miR-31 in plasma samples of colorectal cancer (CRC) were also assessed.

Materials and Methods:

The cel-miR-39 was a spiked-in RNA used as an external control and added to plasma samples before RNA extraction. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction technology was used to analyze the expression levels of circulating miRNAs in plasma samples of 4 healthy controls and 14 CRC patients. The expression stability of the candidate controls was compared by Ct analysis and NormFinder algorithms.

Results:

There was no significant difference in expression level of miR-16 and miR-1228 between healthy control group and before or after therapy of CRC patient groups. The expression of miR-1228 has smaller the range Ct values (28.25-25.64)compared with those of miR-16 (24.91-20.34). The stability value of miR-1228 (0.102) is lower than that of miR-16 (0.350). The expression of miR-1228 endogenous reference candidate has lower stability value and smaller the range Ct values compared with those in miR-16. According to the range Ct values and stability value, miR-1228 is better than miR-16 as endogenous control in CRC patients. There are significant differences in circulating miR-31 expression between healthy control and CRC patients when miR-1228 was used to standardize miR-31 expression.

Conclusions:

miR-1228 is recommended as a better endogenous control in quantification of circulating miRNAs in CRC patients.
Computer-aided discovery, design, and investigation of COVID-19 therapeutics
Authors: Chang Chun-Chun , Hsu Hao-Jen , Wu Tien-Yuan , Liou Je-Wen
Published: March 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is currently the most serious public health threat faced by mankind. Thus, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes COVID-19, is being intensively investigated. Several vaccines are now available for clinical use. However, owing to the highly mutated nature of RNA viruses, the SARS-CoV-2 is changing at a rapid speed. Breakthrough infections by SARS-CoV-2 variants have been seen in vaccinated individuals. As a result, effective therapeutics for treating COVID-19 patients is urgently required. With the advance of computer technology, computational methods have become increasingly powerful in the biomedical research and pharmaceutical drug discovery. The applications of these techniques have largely reduced the costs and simplified processes of pharmaceutical drug developments. Intensive and extensive studies on SARS-CoV-2 proteins have been carried out and three-dimensional structures of the major SARS-CoV-2 proteins have been resolved and deposited in the Protein Data Bank. These structures provide the foundations for drug discovery and design using the structure-based computations, such as molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. In this review, introduction to the applications of computational methods in the discovery and design of novel drugs and repurposing of existing drugs for the treatments of COVID-19 is given. The examples of computer-aided investigations and screening of COVID-19 effective therapeutic compounds, functional peptides, as well as effective molecules from the herb medicines are discussed.
Around the Danzer problem and the construction of dense forests
Authors: Adiceam Faustin
Published: March 2022

A 1965 problem due to Danzer asks whether there exists a set with finite density in Euclidean space intersecting any convex body of volume one. A suitable weakening of the volume constraint leads one to the (much more recent) problem of constructing
dense forests
. These are discrete point sets becoming uniformly close to long enough line segments.

Progress towards these problems has so far involved a wide range of ideas surrounding areas as varied as combinatorial and computation geometry, convex geometry, Diophantine approximation, discrepancy theory, the theory of dynamical systems, the theory of exponential sums, Fourier analysis, homogeneous dynamics, the mathematical theory of quasicrystals and probability theory.

The goal of this paper is to survey the known results related to the Danzer problem and to the construction of dense forests, to generalise some of them and to state a number of open problems to make further progress towards this longstanding question.
Интегрирование дефокусирующего нелинейного уравнения Шредингера с дополнительными членами
Authors: Muminov Ulugbek Bobomurodovich , Khasanov Aknazar Bekdurdievich
Published: March 2022

Метод обратной спектральной задачи применяется для интегрирования нелинейного уравнения Шредингера с дополнительными членами в классе периодических бесконечнозонных функций. Выводится эволюция спектральных данных периодического оператора Дирака, коэффициенты которого являются решением задачи Коши для нелинейного уравнения Шредингера с дополнительными членами. Приведены примеры, иллюстрирующие изложенный алгоритм.
Квазипериодические решения расширенной модифицированной иерархии Кортевега-де Фриза
Authors: Wu Li Hua , He Guoliang
Published: March 2022

С использованием рекуррентных рядов Ленарда и уравнения нулевой кривизны выведена расширенная модифицированная иерархия Кортевега-де Фриза, связанная с ($3\times3$)-матричной спектральной задачей. Трехлистная риманова поверхность $\mathcal K_{m-1}$ для этой иерархии определяется нулями характеристического многочлена матрицы Лакса и двумя бесконечно удаленными точками. На римановой поверхности $\mathcal K_{m-1}$ вводятся функция Бейкера-Ахиезера и мероморфная функция, а затем с помощью алгебро-геометрического подхода получены их явные представления через тета-функции Римана. Асимптотические разложения мероморфной функции приводят к квазипериодическим решениям полной расширенной модифицированной иерархии Кортевега-де Фриза.
Метод матриц Коши для полудискретных решеточных уравнений типа Кортевега-де Фриза
Authors: Mesfun Maebel , Zhao Songlin
Published: March 2022

Рассмотрен метод матриц Коши для трех полудискретных решеточных уравнений типа Кортевега-де Фриза на основе системы определяющих уравнений и мастер-функции. Обсуждается интегрируемость этих уравнений по Лаксу. С использованием системы определяющих уравнений построены различные типы решений, включая солитонные, жорданово-клеточные и смешанные решения. В частности, построены одно- и двухсолитонные решения, а также простейшее жорданово-клеточное решение для полудискретного решеточного потенцированного уравнения Кортевега-де Фриза.
Преобразование Дарбу и точные решения нелокального уравнения Герджикова-Иванова с переменными коэффициентами
Authors: Hu Yuru , Zhang Feng , Xin Xiangpeng , Liu Hanze
Published: March 2022

Впервые проведен анализ интегрируемого нелокального нелинейного уравнения Герджикова-Иванова с переменными коэффициентами, которое строится с использованием пары Лакса. На этой основе изучается преобразование Дарбу. Путем построения $2n$-кратного преобразования Дарбу получены точные решения этого уравнения. Эти результаты показывают, что решение уравнения Герджикова-Иванова с переменными коэффициентами является более общим, чем в случае постоянных коэффициентов. Выбирая конкретный вид коэффициентной функции, можно получить некоторые специальные точные решения, такие как кинковое, периодическое, бризерное решения, решение со взаимодействием двух солитонов и т. д. Эти точные решения представлены визуально с помощью графиков.
Новый класс решений для сферически-симметричного гравитационного коллапса
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Jaiswal Annu
Published: March 2022

Рассматривается гравитационный коллапс сферически-симметрично распределенной идеальной жидкости, которая является моделью равномерно сжимающейся звезды. Равномерное сжатие звезды означает, что относительный элемент объема (относительное расстояние в случае сферической симметрии) для любых двух соседних частиц жидкости сохраняется независимо от радиальной координаты. Физический смысл такого сжатия заключается в том, что во время коллапса каждый малый элементарный объем в распределении жидкости сохраняет свое положение в пространстве. Этот новый класс гравитационного коллапса аналогичен явлению обратного движения галактик в процессе расширения Вселенной. Обсуждается решение для распределения идеальной жидкости при ненулевом сдвиге, которое удовлетворяет условию однородности скаляра расширения и подчиняется уравнению состояния $p=p(\rho)$. Полевое уравнение решается в самом общем виде, при этом его частными случаями являются решение Оппенгеймера-Снайдера для однородной плотности и бессдвиговое решение Томпсона-Уитроу.
Класс редукций двухкомпонентной иерархии Кадомцева-Петвиашвили и система Хироты-Охты
Authors: Bogdanov Leonid Vitalevich , Xue Lingling
Published: March 2022

Вводится класс редукций двухкомпонентной иерархии Кадомцева-Петвиашвили, включающий иерархию системы Хироты-Охты. Описание редуцированных иерархий основывается на билинейном тождестве Хироты и дополнительном билинейном соотношении, характеризующем редукцию. Выводятся условия редукции в терминах оператора Лакса и высших линейных операторов иерархии, а также в терминах исходной двухкомпонентной системы Кадомцева-Петвиашвили.
Application of Urine and Copro Antigen Assays after Primary Infection and Drug Treatment in an Experimental Opisthorchiasis Animal Model
Authors: Worasith Chanika , Kopolrat Kulthida Y. , Pitaksakulrat Opal , Homwong Chutima , Kittirat Yingpinyapat , Wongphutorn Phattharaphon , Sithithaworn Jiraporn , Sithithaworn Paiboon
Published: March 2022

Infection by Opisthorchis viverrini causes significant health problems, including cholangiocarcinoma (CCA); thus control and elimination of this trematode is an important strategy for the reduction of CCA. Currently, urine and copro antigen detection is more sensitive than parasitological examination of the feces for the diagnosis of opisthorchiasis. Given limitations in human studies, we used an animal model to quantify the parasite antigen profiles in urine and feces in O. viverrine–infected hamsters, and postdrug treatment. The positive detections of O. viverrini antigen began from week 1 in urine and week 2 in feces after infection until week 28 of the study. The recoveries of O. viverrini worms were detected starting from week 1 and eggs of O. viverrini were detected in feces from week 3 after infection and remained detectable throughout the study period. There was a significant positive correlation of urine and copro antigen levels with the number of fecal egg counts (P < 0.01) and worm recovery (P < 0.01). In the drug-treatment experiment, treatment of infected hamsters with praziquantel (PZQ) significantly reduced worm burden, fecal egg output, and antigen in urine and feces compared with the untreated controls (P < 0.001). At 4 weeks posttreatment, the egg and worm reduction rates were 100% and 95.5%, respectively. The positive antigen detections in urine and feces corresponded with partial worm clearance from praziquantel treatment. This study demonstrated a direct link of urine and copro antigen tests with worms infecting the liver thereby reaffirming the reliability of urine and copro antigen assay in opisthorchiasis diagnosis.
Synthesis and efficiency of new pyridine, chromene and thiazole containing compounds as antimicrobial and antioxidant agents
Authors: El-Hagrassey Eman A. , Abdel-Latif Ehab , Abdel-Fattah Gamal M.
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT. The versatile scaffold, N'-(2-cyanoacetyl)-2-hydroxybenzohydrazide (3) was utilized in the production of new pyridine, chromene and thiazole derivatives as antimicrobial and antioxidant agents. The synthetic strategy involves the treatment of precursor 3 with various arylidene-malononitrile and 3-aryl-2-cyanoacrylate compounds to furnish substituted pyridines 5 and 7. The interaction of 3 with salicylaldehyde and/or phenyl isothiocyanate followed by cyclization with chloroacetone produced the corresponding 2-imino-2H-chromene-3-carbohydrazide and (thiazol-2-ylidene-acetyl)-salicylic acid hydrazide compounds 8 and 9, respectively. The structural features of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by using spectroscopic methods such as (IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and MS). The new pyridine, chromene and thiazole products showed potent antioxidants and antimicrobial activities. The thiazole derivative 9 exhibited the highest anti-bacterial and antifungal activities against S. aureus (75.0%) and B. subtilis (73.9%) and C. albicans (66.6%). The combination between salicylic acid hydrazide and thiazole moieties in the hybrid 9 indicated the best antioxidant activity (87.9%).

               

KEY WORDS: Salicylic hydrazide, Arylidene-malononitrile, Pyridine, Thiazole, Antioxidant

 

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2022, 36(1), 137-148.                                                           

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v36i1.12
Assessment of a Nigerian chalcopyrite ore dissolution in sulfuric acid medium
Authors: Ayinla Kuranga I. , Baba Alafara A. , Akanji Fausat T. , Ambo Amos I. , Adekola Folahan A.
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT. This paper presents a study of dissolution kinetics of a Nigerian chalcopyrite ore in sulfuric acid lixiviant. The effects of acid concentration, temperature and particle diameter on the dissolution rates of chalcopyrite ore have been examined. The dissolution rates are significantly influenced by increase in temperature, hydrogen ion concentration [H+], and decrease in particle diameter. The experimental data for the dissolution rate have been analyzed with the shrinking core model which shows the rate controlling step for the dissolution of chalcopyrite ore occurs via surface chemical solution. With 4 M H2SO4 solution, about 91.6% of 10 g/L chalcopyrite ore at 80 oC was dissolved within 120 min using -90+75 µm particle diameter. The reaction order with respect to hydrogen ion concentration was found to be 0.57 with correlation coefficient 0.968. The calculated activation energy, (Ea) value of 44.9 kJ/mol for the dissolution process was established. However, the SEM morphology of the residues from leaching process showed that about 8.4% of the initial solid material contained admixtures of Fukuchilite (Cu0.42Fe0.58S2), and elemental sulphur (So) and are formed around the shrinking core of the unreacted material.

              

KEY WORDS: Chalcopyrite, Sulfuric acid, Dissolution kinetics

 

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2022, 36(1), 187-196.                                                            

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v36i1.15
Antioxidant and antimicrobial evaluation of the methanol leaf extract and fractions of dacryodes klaineana pierre (burseraceae)
Authors: Ifejirika Ebere C. , Ajaegbu Eze E. , Ibe Chioma I. , Onyegbule Felix A. , Ezugwu Obidike C.
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT. Dacryodes klaineana is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of painful menstruation; tachycardia and cough. The study aims to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the plant. The extract and fractions of D. klaineana were screened for their antioxidant effects using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and the total phenolic contents (TPC) assay methods. The antimicrobial activity of the plant was evaluated using the agar diffusion method against four different bacterialstrains (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and two fungi strains (Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans). The crude methanol extract (MLE), hexane fraction (MLHF), ethyl acetate fraction (MLEF) and butanol fraction (MLBF) produced dose-dependent antioxidant activity using DPPH and FRAP assays. The antioxidant activity of MLEF was comparable to the standard drug, ascorbic acid. MLEF also gave the highest content of total phenol content with a percent gallic acid equivalent of 100.68 ± 1.17 mg GAE/g. The extract and fractions were active against the bacteria species, but inactive against the fungi species. The study demonstrated that the antioxidant and antimicrobial potentials of D. klaineana may offer a promising source of new antioxidants and antimicrobials in the ethnomedicinal management of diseases.

               

KEY WORDS: Medicinal plant, FRAP, TPC, DPPH, Antioxidant, Dacryodes klaineana

 

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2022, 36(1), 85-94.                                                                  

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v36i1.8
Evaluation of Some New Cotton Genotypes Against Verticillum Disease (Verticillum dahliae Kleb.)
Authors: YAŞAR Mustafa
Published: March 2022

This study was carried out to determine the responses of some new cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) lines to Verticillium wilt disease (disease agent is Verticillum dahliae Kleb.) and to enable the use of disease resistant or tolerant lines in future studies. The field trials were conducted at the trial field, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey in 2019. The trial field was a naturally contaminated with disease agent V. dahliae. Nine new advanced lines of cotton were used as material. Verticillium wilt resistant/tolerant cotton cultivars DP-396, BA-119 and STV-468 were used as control cultivars. Disease index and disease incidence (%) were examined in the study. The experiment was set up in a randomized block design with four replications. According to the variance analysis, significant results were obtained in terms of disease index and the rate of infection (%). Based on disease index values, the STV-468 standard genotype and Hat-1, Hat-2, Hat-3, Hat-4, Hat-5 and Hat-9 candidate lines were the most disease tolerant genotypes. In terms of disease incidence (%), the STV-468 and DP-396 standard genotypes and Hat-1, Hat-2, Hat-5, Hat-7 and Hat-9 advanced lines were determined as the most tolerant genotypes. It was concluded that the cotton genotypes STV-468, Hat-1, Hat-2, Hat-5 and Hat-9 can be used in V. dahliae infected cotton cultivation areas.
Cadmium Pollution Impairs Maize Growth and Uptake of Cationic Essential Nutrients
Authors: YERLİKAYA ANLİ Rengin , AKŞAHİN Veysi , DÜNDAR Şeyhmus , AHMET Nadia Ali Sir Elkhtim
Published: March 2022

Human population is anticipated to increase to 9.8 billion by 2050 and this increase causes a more intensive agricultural production. The soils are polluted as the farming activities are intensified. Fertilizers and the pesticides that are used in agriculture and the imbalanced industrialization cause heavy metals to move into the soil thereby creating soil-environmental pollution. Cadmium (Cd), one of the heavy metals, is also present in the biosphere, enters the soil as a result of natural processes and anthropogenic activities, exerting toxic effects on agricultural products, food chain and living organisms. This highly toxic and dangerous metal has come to the fore with its important role in environmental pollution due to its various usage areas.  In this study, the effects of three different Cd doses on the cationic macro and micronutrient content of maize plant was investigated. Cadmium application at 2.5 and 5.0 mg kg-1 decreased shoot dry matter by % 10.8 and % 20.0 respectively compared with control treatment. While the highest macro and micronutrient contents were obtained in the control treatment, the lowest values were obtained in the Cd5 treatment. Cadmium applications were not statistically significant in shoot K, Mg and Ca concentrations but significantly decreased K and Ca contents. Compared with the control treatment, Cd applications at 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg were determined to decrease the K content by % 9.9 and % 18.4 and Ca content by 17.7% and 21.3% respectively. When the Cd concentration and content are determined, the highest values were found to be in the Cd5 treatment. Consequently, increased Cd accumulation in shoots was determined to be associated with decreases in K, Ca, Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn uptake of maize plant. Therefore, close monitoring of nutritional problems that can potentially occur in agricultural areas contaminated with Cd might be beneficial for the evaluation of different solution proposals
The Place Of Agricultural Memory In Social Life: Küçünlü
Authors: SARIOĞLU Muaffak , IRMAK Ebru
Published: March 2022

Analyzing a part of the whole in detail can make the subject more understandable in the field of village sociology. In this study, as a part of the whole, Küçünlü Village (KV) was examined in detail between the years 2010-2021. “In KV; The social, political and cultural structure of the villager drives the villager away from his village”. Purpose of the study; Based on the inductive method, it is to examine the political, social and cultural structure of the KV in an in-depth manner by dealing with all the variables of the KV with the monograph technique. It has been determined that the number of producers in the village has decreased over the years. The fact that especially the young and child age groups do not live in the village has drawn attention to the concern that agricultural memory may be erased over the years. The finding that the producers are moving away from the effective working age range in agriculture and that sustainable agriculture cannot be achieved in the future has been obtained by observation, structured personal face-to-face interviews and survey methods.

Keywords: Village sociology, Küçünlü Village, social structure, cultural structure, political structure
Hatay İli Hassa İlçesi Zeytin Ağaçlarının Yaprak ve Toprak Örnekleri ile Beslenme Durumunun Belirlenmesi
Authors: ÖZSAYAR Mehmet Murat , ÇİMRİN Kerim Mesut
Published: March 2022

Bu araştırmada Hatay İli Hassa İlçesinde zeytin yetiştiriciliği yapılan toprakların, verimlilik ve zeytin bitkisinin beslenme durumunu belirlemek amacıyla, bölgeyi temsil edecek şekilde tesadüfen belirlenen, 15 farklı kapama zeytin bahçesinden, 0-30 cm ve 30-60 cm olmak üzere iki farklı derinlikten toprak ve aynı bahçelerden yaprak örnekleri alınmıştır. Alınan toprak ve yaprak örneklerin bazı fiziksel ve kimyasal özellikleri ile bitki besin maddesi içerikleri belirlenerek, sınır değerleri ile karşılaştırılarak bahçelerin beslenme durumları ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre, yöre topraklarının %36.67’si kumlu killi tın, %20.00’si killi tın, %16.67’si killi, %13.33’ü kumlu tın, %10.00’u tın, %3.33’ü siltli kil olmak üzere 6 ayrı bünye sınıfında olduğu, hafif asit ile hafif alkalin reaksiyonlu olduğu, sadece bir bahçe toprağı tuzlu ve kireçli iken diğer bütün örnekler tuzsuz, kireçli ve organik maddece yetersiz olduğu bulunmuştur. Topraklar besin elementleri bakımından %70’inin azot, %26.66’sının fosfor, %43.33’ünün potasyum, %66.66’ sının kalsiyum, %36.67’sinin magnezyum, %13.33’ünün çinko ve %100’ünün bor içeriklerinin yetersiz olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bahçelerden alınan zeytin yaprak örneklerinin ise %13.33’ünde fosfor, %40.0’ında potasyum,  %73.33’ünde kalsiyum, %93.33’ ünde magnezyum, %53.33’ünde bakır, %26.67’sinde mangan, %13.33’ü ise çinko içeriği yönünden noksan olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak; Hatay İli Hassa İlçesinde zeytin yetiştiriciliği yapılan bahçelerin toprak ve yaprak analizleri incelendiğinde, bazı besin elementlerinin toprakta yeterli iken yapraklarda eksik, bazı besin elementlerinin ise toprakta noksan olmasına rağmen bitkide yeterli olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu durum bölgede zeytin bahçelerinde toprak ve yaprak analizleri sonucuna göre bilinçli bir gübrelemesinin yapılmadığının kanıtıdır. Bu nedenle, kaliteli ve bol ürün için bölgede zeytin bahçelerinin toprak ve yaprak analizleri ile bu sonuçları esas alan bilinçli gübreleme çalışmalarının yapılarak, doğru bir bitki beslenme planlamasının oluşturulması önerilmektedir.
Şirnak-İdil Koşullarında Yetiştirilebilecek Kışlık Nohut Genotiplerinin Saptanması
Authors: ÖZCAN Mehmet Ali , YÜCEL Derya
Published: March 2022

Araştırma, Şırnak-İdil koşullarında yetiştirilebilecek nohut Cicer arietinum L.)  genotiplerinin saptanması amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada, 12 genotip ve 3 çeşit (Arda, Azkan, Hasanbey) olmak üzere toplam 15 nohut geotipi materyal olarak kullanılmıştır. Araştırma, 2020-2021 kışlık yetiştirme döneminde, tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 3 tekrarlamalı olarak yürütülmüştür. Genotiplere göre değişmekle birlikte araştırma sonucunda çiçeklenmeye kadar geçen gün sayısı 156.7-118.7 gün, bakla bağlamaya kadar geçen gün sayısı 169.0-157.3 gün, bitki boyu 29.9-54.7 cm, ilk bakla yüksekliği 14.5-30.0 cm, bitkideki dal sayısı 2.3-4.3 adet, bitkide bakla sayısı 44.2-15.0 adet, bitkide dolu bakla sayısı 42.6-13.0 adet, bitkide tane sayısı 13.3-44.9 adet, bitkide tane ağırlığı 8.7- 14.0 g, tane verimi 166.8 -100.7 kg/da, yüz tane ağırlığı 27.7-42.3 g ve hasat indeksi değeri % 33.9-42.1 arasında değişmiştir. Sonuç olarak Şırnak-İdil ekolojik koşullarında FLIP 03-108 C ve EN 1683 nohut genotiplerinin verim ve verimle ilgili özellikler bakımından denemede yer alan kontrol çeşitleri ve diğer genotipler bakımından daha üstün oldukları belirlenmiştir.  Bu genotipler ile bölge koşullarında adaptasyon çalışmalarına devam edilmesinin yanısıra, söz konusu geotiplerin ıslah programlararına aktarılması sonucuna varılmıştır.
 Sonuç olarak Şırnak-İdil ekolojik koşullarında FLIP 03-108 C ve EN 1683 nohut genotiplerinin verim ve verimle ilgili özellikler bakımından denemede yer alan kontrol çeşitleri ve diğer genotipler bakımından daha üstün oldukları belirlenmiştir.  Bu genotipler ile bölge koşullarında adaptasyon çalışmalarına devam edilmesinin yanısıra, söz konusu geotiplerin ıslah programlararına aktarılması sonucuna varılmıştır.
High-efficiency Class-F Power Amplifier with a New Design of Input Matching Network
Authors: Parnianchi Mahya
Published: March 2022

This paper presents a novel access to develop a class-F power ampliﬁer with high power-added efficiency (PAE). The main goal of the proposed PA is to obtain high PAE. The proposed HCC consists a design of output matching circuit (OMN) and input matching combined with a symmetric low-pass ﬁlter (LPF) reported. To accomplish a high-efficiency performance, a low-voltage pHEMT in the circuit was executed to supply the required dc-supply voltage. It yielded nth harmonic suppression and high-power added efﬁciency (PAE). The simulation was carried out using harmonic balance analysis. The power ampliﬁer proposed in this study was fabricated at fundamental frequency of 1 GHz with PAE of 80% and DE of 86% under 12.3dBm input power and very low drain voltage of 2 V. This class-F PA manufactured with such features can be utilized for power ampliﬁcation in wireless transmitter communication systems.
Risk Management and Operational Performance of Hospitality Enterprises – A Case Study in the North Central Region of Vietnam
Authors: Hai Tran Van , Vien Le Van , Huong Hoang Dinh
Published: March 2022

The goal of creating, forming, and developing businesses in general and hotel businesses in particular has the ultimate goal of profit, high and stable profitability is the goal that any business However, due to the specific business line, in addition to the experience factor of the manager, the size and composition of the board of directors, the brand, the location of the hotel or the satisfaction of the customers. customers and employees... decide the profitability of the hotel business, sustainable factors such as types of risks may be encountered: Risks on hotel development strategy; Brand reputation risk; Financial risks… also have a significant impact. The problem is how to strengthen the risk management that hotel businesses face in business and at the same time increase the profitability of the business. In practice, there are many methods to measure risk, but one of the most widely accepted methods of predicting risk and bankruptcy today is the US economist's Z-score. Edward I. Altman, New York University faculty member set. In the US, about 95% of bankruptcies are forecast from the Z-score one year before bankruptcy, but this rate drops to just 74% for 2-year forecasts. From the initial Z-index forecast, Professor Edward I. Altman has developed it into Z' and Z'' to be applicable to each type and industry of the business. The Z'' coefficient is similar to the S&P credit rating.
Growth, longevity and mortality of pink-shrimps Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis and F. paulensis in southeastern Brazil
Authors: Perroca Julia Fernandes , Miazaki Lizandra Fernandes , Fransozo Adilson , Freire Fulvio Aurelio de Moraes , Costa Rogerio Caetano
Published: March 2022

The study estimated the parameters of growth, longevity, fishing mortality (F), natural mortality (M) and total mortality (Z) and the exploitation rates (E) of the shrimps Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis and F. paulensis sampled in Ubatuba Bay from January to December 2000. Shrimps were identified by species, sexed and measured (carapace length – CL in mm). Overall, 1,231 individuals of F. brasiliensis and 687 of F. paulensis were analyzed. The mean size between sexes did not differ for both species. The estimated parameters of F. brasiliensis were: CL∞ = 41.08 mm, k = 2.41 year-1 for males and CL∞ = 47.32 mm, k = 2.23 year-1 for females; longevity of 1.91 years (males) and 2.05 years (females); M of 2.47 (males) and 2.28 (females); F of 7.97 (males) and 8.42 (females). For F. paulensis, the following values were observed: CL∞ = 36.55 mm, k = 2.41 year-1 for males and CL∞ = 49.24 mm, k = 2.51 year-1 for females; longevity of 1.91 years (males) and 1.81 years (females); M of 2.52 (males) and 2.52 (females); F of 7.64 (males) and 10.25 (females). The high values of k and F found for both species compared to those from the literature reflected the high E values, indicating that at the time, the closed season was still not responsible for stock recovery. We highlight the need for studies to assess the current status of stocks so they can be compared to the results found herein.
IMPORTANCE OF THE DIETARY HABITS IN RELATION TO PREVENTION OF MALNUTRITION
Authors: yadav Mr. Pradeep Kumar , k Dr. Savithri
Published: March 2022

Child malnutrition is a major public health concern worldwide, leading to higher morbidity and mortality. It is mostly preventable through public health and economic development. Malnutrition refers to the situation where there is an unbalanced diet in which some nutrients are in excess, lacking or wrong proportion. Simply put, we can categories it to be under-nutrition and over-nutrition. Nutrition effects on children’s physical, cognitive and behavioral development. Television and computer game exposure affect children’s sleep and deteriorate verbal and cognitive performance which support the hypothesis of the negative influence of media on consumption of children sleep, learning and memory. Most of the childhood obesity prevention efforts have focused on school age children and have had limited success. In the present study importance of dietary habits in children is discussed.