bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Data-Driven Framework to Model Physical Fatigue in Industrial Environments Using Wearable Technologies
Authors: Albarrán Morillo Carlos , Demichela Micaela
Published: June 2023

Industry 4.0 is the tendency towards automation and data exchange in manufacturing and the process sector. However, many manual material handling and repetitive operations can still cause the operators fatigue or exhaustion. Once the operator experiences physical fatigue, their performance decreases. The consequences may result in reduced production quality and efficiency and increased operational human errors that could give rise to incidents and accidents. Over time, physical fatigue can result in more adverse effects for the operators, such as Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) and Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WSMD). For this reason, from an occupational health and safety point of view, the operator's physical fatigue must be managed. The increasing availability of wearable devices combined with health information can provide real-time measuring and monitoring of physical fatigue in the operational environment while minimally influencing the primary job. This paper presents a physiological signal-based approach using a non-intrusive wristband for continuous health monitoring to predict physical fatigue in industrial-related tasks. These data are used as input to classification algorithms to detect physical fatigue. Accurate and real-time physical fatigue detection helps to improve operator safety and prevent work accidents. Future work will deploy the model in a real-world environment in the industry.
Remembering Passwords: The Role of Instructions
Authors: L. Vu Kim-Phuong , Nguyen Ha , Bui Uyen
Published: June 2023

Most users follow predictable patterns and create weak passwords because they are unaware how to generate strong, secure passwords (Ur et al., 2015). Yet, more secure, system-generated passwords tend to be more difficult to remember (Vu et al., 2003). The current study examined whether system-generated passwords could be made more memorable through use of different types of instructions that help the users associate text and/or images to the passwords or password components. Over 100 participants were asked to memorize three system-generated passwords for three fake accounts: bank, email and social media, either in a lab-based setting with a moderator or completely online. Participants were given no instructions, text-based instructions, image-based instructions, or a combination of both text and image-based instructions to help them understand and memorize each password. Participants were then asked to recall their password after no delay or a short delay. We found that users were able to remember complex system-generated passwords when provided with detailed text-based or image-based instructions to help the users map the password components to a structure. Our findings did not clearly show which instructional technique was better. Future studies should explore additional instructional techniques for password generation and memorization.
Evaluation of Pedometer Interfaces for Mobile Apps
Authors: Tran Alina , L. Vu Kim-Phuong
Published: June 2023

The use of mobile health apps has been on the rise, as they allow people to get their health information more conveniently. Many people are using their mobile health apps to track their health status (KC et al., 2021), but there are known issues with people being unable to use their health apps effectively due to poor design. According to Wildebos et al. (2019), if users are continuously failing to get the information they need, they could develop feelings of insecurity and stop using the app. To mitigate these negative interface design impacts, Universal Design Principles (Story, 1998) and Gestalt’s Principle of Perceptual Grouping (Smith-Gratto & Fisher, 1999) could be used to improve the interfaces. In the present study, we evaluated several interfaces of pedometer apps that varied in terms of flexibility (low and high) and three levels of simplicity (simple, intermediate, complex). Ninety six participants were recruited from MTurk. The participants responded to questions on a survey that require them to extract information from a pedometer interface. After answering the comprehension questions for the specific interface, participants were asked to indicate their perceived ease of use (Brooke, 1996) and the likelihood of utilizing the pedometer app (Pasha & Indrawati, 2020). We found that participants had higher accuracy scores with the interface that was intermediate in terms of simplicity, but they preferred the simple or complex interface design. Results of this study suggest that users may not prefer designs that lead to better task performance and designers will need to balance features that enhance performance versus those that users find to be more attractive or desirable for continued use.
MRI Image Segmentation using Fuzzy C-Means in MATLAB
Authors: Johnson Brisaac , Crawford Chris
Published: June 2023

Image segmentation is challenging because an image has to be partitioned into regions with pixels that contain similar attributes. To accomplish this task, many use MATLAB, Python, or other environments that allow them to set thresholds for the image, to group similar pixels together, or remove undesirable pixels from the image. When approaching the image segmentation problem, many use the fuzzy c-means algorithm to group similar pixels with the same features in an image. Hence, it makes it easier to analyze specific areas in the image, such as a tumor that may be present. This paper presents a tutorial on performing image segmentation using MATLAB and Fuzzy C-Means. Through this tutorial, we examine how fuzzy c-mean is used to solve the image segmentation problem and the methodologies used to properly cluster data.
An integrated FUCOM-ARAS model for ergonomic risk assessment
Authors: Toptanci Şura
Published: June 2023

Many workers suffer from occupational musculoskeletal disorders and mental burdens in workplaces. A number of ergonomic risk factors such as human-related, cognitive, and physical contribute to inducing these burdens in the workplaces. Thus, ergonomic risk assessment is conducted to determine these risk factors and to reduce their negative effects by providing safer and healthy working environments. The aim of this study is to introduce a new ergonomic risk assessment approach for revealing the most important ergonomic risk factors and the worker who is most affected by these risk factors while performing tasks in a distribution center. For this reason, an integrated multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) model which consists of the Full Consistency Method (FUCOM) and Additive Ratio Assessment (ARAS) methods to achieve the purpose of the study has been developed in this study. The FUCOM method is applied to calculate the weights of human-related, cognitive, and physical risk factors, separately. Then, the ARAS method is used to determine which worker has more exposed to ergonomic risks. This study can contribute to occupational safety managements of the companies to conduct more systematic ergonomic risk assessment activities and prepare effective ergonomic improvement programs.
Design and Verification Methodology of the Pilot's View of Civil Aircraft Non-openable window
Authors: Zhixiang Feng , Mao Yuhe
Published: June 2023

The design goal of Pilot compartment view is to provide the necessary view for the safe flight of the crew under any scenario.For non-openable window aircraft,the design and verification of pilot’s view are summarized into three levels by establishing fault trees with insufficient pilot’s view,and specific design considerations and verification methods are proposed for each level.
Assessment of risk factors of upper limb musculoskeletal disorders in a meat processing plant
Authors: Cunha Dos Reis Diogo , Renato Pereira Moro Antônio
Published: June 2023

The aim of this study was to evaluate the risks associated with repetitive movements of the upper limbs in different meat processing tasks of a pig slaughterhouse, using the OCRA Checklist. The study was conducted in a Brazilian pig slaughterhouse with 1,000 workers, divided into two work shifts. To evaluate the risks associated with repetitive movements of the upper limbs, 10% of the workforce was assessed while carrying out their work tasks, using the checklist proposed by the OCRA method. Descriptive statistics and the Student t-test (SPSS 17.0) were applied to compare the risks between both sides of the workers’ bodies (p≤0.05). There were 39 work activities analyzed from the productive sectors. The average of occupational repetitive actions performed by workers was 54.5±20.8 per minute, representing 7 points on the OCRA scale (0 to 10 points). The average score of the OCRA Checklist was 18.8±6.0 (medium risk). The scores for the right upper limb (18.6 - medium risk) differed statistically (p=0.016) from the left upper limb (13.8 - medium risk). Five work tasks were considered high risk, 29 were classified as medium risk, one as low risk, one as very low risk and three as acceptable risk. Performing simulations in 32 of the 35 activities made it possible to reduce the UL-WMSD risk to very low levels, by only decreasing the work pace. In three of the activities, a very low risk level could not be achieved by only reducing the work pace, due to the high demand for strength required to perform these tasks. These results suggest that most pig processing tasks, classified as high (13%) and medium risk (74%), predispose workers to a greater probability of developing upper limb work-related musculoskeletal disorders (>21.5% probability for high risk and 10.8 to 21.5% for medium risk). Simulations of decreasing the work pace showed the effectiveness of this organizational measure to reduce the risk of UL-WMSDs.
3 sprints from zero to innovative medical device in 16 months: Benefits of combining Human Factors and Agile
Authors: Morales Casas Adrian , López Vicente Amparo , Solano-García Lorenzo , Laparra Jose
Published: June 2023

This study aims to lay out an Agile product development case study-oriented research with core tenets on the process mapping and the methodologies involved in the solution implementation. The developed prototype is used for measuring the principal vital signs, without contact, only through video images. The measured vital signs are heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, temperature, and blood pressure contactless at 2 meters (6.5 ft). The developed solution was presented in the framework of public bidding for the emergency service of the autonomous community of Andalucía (in Spain). The Agile project management approach has been integrated to overcome the limitations of medical devices' commonly accepted Stage-Gate project management approach. During the prototype's concept and detailed design phases, eight designs for Usability (DfU) tools were implemented to generate value. These tools were implemented in the concept phase in parallel with developing the IP strategy, contextual research, risk management strategy, and regulatory strategy development to identify the user's needs in an iterative process. The users in this case study were paramedics, EMT’s and EMC’s. Further, during the detailed design phase, the DfU helped detect design flaws and usability issues before the validation phase. A multifunctional team of eight specialists was consolidated to develop the solution, with role distribution according to the scrum team model. This team has been working together for 16 months. In the last sprint, first responders tested the prototype with a TRL 7 in laboratory and field trials simulating real conditions. The results were collected through several requirement acquisition techniques. The prototype was continuously improved by collecting value-generating data along the project and establishing strategic checkpoints. Thus, many design flaws and usability issues were prevented throughout the concept and development phase. Besides, reducing the development time without compromising all the necessary design traceability and quality requirements according to ISO 13485 standards
Developing a Quality Control System for Biotechnological Device Inspection Improvement
Authors: Hothi Harsimran , Davoudi Kakhki Fatemeh
Published: June 2023

Incoming quality control (IQC) is integral to quality management system of manufacturing industries. IQC plays a significant role in ensuring delivery of high standard products to the target customers and, in turn, affects the company’s reputation and their competitiveness in the industry. Presenting a case from a biotechnology company, the purpose of this research is to develop a quality control system for inspection improvement of a biotechnological device. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the IQC Department encountered inconsistencies with output rate when providing inspected parts to the Manufacturing Department: an issue that could be mitigated with a documented process that addresses the prevalent issues that plague the current unestablished IQC system. This study utilized the Lean Six Sigma Methodology to achieve improvement for the IQC Department practice for enhanced performance by identifying root causes of inconsistencies, and creating a systematic documented process for IQC department. Upon successful analysis and implementation of the new IQC inspecting system, the non-value-added time decreased by over fifty percent. While this project is the first stepping stone in improving the IQC Department, its significant results emphasizes the integral contribution of quality control and Six Sigma practices in creating a continuous improvement system which ensures consistent high-quality instruments are being produced for the customers.
Determination of preferences in auto glass selection process
Authors: Didem Atalay Kumru , Tansel Ic Yusuf
Published: June 2023

Glass is a solid material with an inorganic amorphous structure, prone to fracture, defined as transparent or translucent, and usually observed in a complicated form. In auto glasses, on the other hand, transparency, that is, light transmittance is directly proportional to the colour of the glass. In auto windows, the colour of the glass is of great importance because the driver's vision is crucial due to specific light transmission rules. However, the thickness of the auto glass characterized as durable also causes different preferences in terms of customer requests. In this study, we carried out to rank the customer preferences based on customer expectations using the sales data for three years in terms of the colour and thickness of auto glass. Within the scope of the study, we proposed a trapezoidal fuzzy number integrated fuzzy entropy and fuzzy TOPSIS model to rank the alternative auto glass. A case study is also presented for illustrative purposes.
After-Sales Obsolescence Risk Management In Long-Life Defense Projects
Authors: Dinler Esra , Karagoz Kati Ceren
Published: June 2023

In the defense industry, products are often complex systems developed and maintained with detailed and complex business processes. In such systems, management and planning are difficult and complex in cases such as parts supply or production. The end-of-life phase of products is the final stage of the product lifecycle, which begins with product retirement and ends with the expiration of all service contracts. Obsolescence will occur at the end of its useful life, where remanufacturing used or obsolete products can be an alternative source of obtaining spare parts. For this reason, the proper methods should be selected and applied for each stage. This study proposes an obsolescence management model of critical materials to be determined in a large-scale defense industry company. The model aims to reduce the adverse effects of problems throughout the life cycle of products and also to eliminate existing communication and integration deficiencies in processes. With this model, outputs such as purchasing a sufficient number of products to meet the system's requirements during its predicted life, minimizing the cost by optimizing the process, and maximizing the availability of spare parts have been achieved.
Prevention ecosystem integrated into digitalized manufacturing
Authors: Malisa Viktorijo , Effenberger Georg
Published: June 2023

New technologies, machines and processes in manufacturing companies are also changing jobs. The increasing integration of information technology into all areas of the economy also has an impact on workers' health and occupational safety. The proportion of electronic components and software in production facilities is constantly increasing, but this also means that the service life of machines and equipment is decreasing. In addition, processes have to be changed and employees have to be retrained or further trained. The networking of plants, machines, databases, departments and companies is progressing ever faster and the collection of data as well as its storage and evaluation is becoming an ever greater challenge. Increasing networking requires continuous investment in the latest tools, hardware and innovative strategies to protect their networks. Very often, departments have to be restructured, new departments created and new employees hired. It can be observed that the training of new professionals cannot be adapted to the new technological developments at the same pace, so that companies have to invest more and more in the training of their own employees. In this environment, prevention services must continuously follow technological developments and contribute to designing safe technologies, developing new models and providing operators and safety professionals with fast and targeted information on machine safety and OSH. All communication channels should be used to exchange information with workers and employers. Industry 4.0 (new technologies) with integrated galloping digitalisation accordingly also requires digital prevention. The establishment of a prevention ecosystem should enable the networking of all service providers and provide information and updates on occupational safety and health directly to companies and workers. The concept of a prevention platform is described here, an ecosystem that continuously adapts prevention services to the technological change of digital production. Artificial intelligence (AI) assistance systems that have been successfully used to date are to be integrated into the ecosystem and support data analysis, enable automatic answers to the most frequently asked questions, identify hazards at specific workplaces and recommend anticipatory measures. The ecosystem is to be supported by national expert teams, networking with international partners is to be steadily expanded, interfaces are to be continuously developed and the latest technologies for increasing safety in the workplace are to be promoted. Because when technology changes rapidly, prevention must keep pace, and when the industry of things networks machines globally, prevention must also network globally.
Relationship between user characteristics regarding ICT devices and acceptability of new systems in Society 5.0
Authors: Doi Toshihisa
Published: June 2023

This study aimed to obtain a clue to consider the acceptability of the new system of Society 5.0 when conducting HCD for the new system expected to be utilized in Society 5.0. Specifically, this study examined the effects of the stress toward ICT equipment use, experience/skills in computer use, and involvement in ICT equipment use on the acceptability of the new Society 5.0 system. The participants were divided into clusters according to their ratings of their characteristics for ICT equipment use, and compared between clusters in terms of the acceptability of the new system in Society 5.0. The acceptability was examined by intention to use and difficulty in using the equip-ment. The results suggest that users with high computer experience/skills and positive attitudes toward ICT devices are relatively more receptive to new technologies and systems that utilize them in Society 5.0.
Benefits of the Expanded Public Works Programme in South Africa: A Direct Stakeholder’s Perception
Authors: Oguntona Olusegun , Akinradewo Opeoluwa , Kgoetyane Boitumelo , Fatai Ogunbayo Babatunde , Aigbavboa Clinton
Published: June 2023

There are several socio-economic challenges ravaging the continent of Africa and other developing countries. Among these issues is unemployment, which is directly linked to the high crime rate, poverty, and other societal ills in South Africa. To develop sought-after skills and to facilitate gainful employment toward the goal of poverty alleviation in the country, several programmes are initiated by the South African government. One of the various interventions is the expanded public works programme (EPWP). This paper is aimed at identifying the beneficial factors of the EPWP in South Africa from the stakeholders’ point of view. A quantitative research approach was employed in the study. Data collection was achieved through the duo of literature review and the use of a structured closed-ended questionnaire survey. The data from the returned survey was analyzed using descriptive and exploratory factor analysis. The findings showed that employment creation, strengthened community participation, infrastructure improvement, skills enhancement of participants, and provision of social security are the major benefits of the EPWP. Continuous revising and re-conceptualizing of the EPWP operations are recommended to maximize and sustain the benefits of the programme.
Limitations of Futuristic Building Materials for Achieving Sustainability in the Construction Industry
Authors: Oguntona Olusegun , Akinradewo Opeoluwa , Mokono Onalerona , Fatai Ogunbayo Babatunde , Aigbavboa Clinton
Published: June 2023

Globally, the construction industry (CI) is regarded as one of the largest consumers of raw materials and natural resources. The industry is also known to be a major source of pollution, waste, and other adverse environmental issues within the built environment. It is therefore imperative to introduce strategies, processes, materials, and technologies that have the potential to revolutionize the CI to a sustainable state, especially in this fourth industrial revolution (4IR) era. Futuristic building materials (FBMs) are the generation of novel and cutting-edge materials with significant potential to solve ongoing challenges and address environmental issues attributed to the CI. Hence, the objective of this paper is to evaluate the hindrances to the utilization of FBMs in realizing a sustainable CI in South Africa. The quantitative research approach was employed in this study. A structured questionnaire survey was administered to construction professionals in the South African construction industry (SACI). Data collected were analyzed using a descriptive statistical method and exploratory factor analysis. Findings from the study revealed the impact of the 15 barriers identified in the reviewed literature. The study also revealed a lack of awareness, lack of knowledge, shortage of skills, poor economic conditions, and escalating costs of building materials as the major barriers hindering the adoption of FBMs. In conclusion, the availability, and accessibility of FBMs are discovered to be limited in the SACI. Research and development (R&D), awareness creation, and multi-disciplinary collaboration is recommended to maximize the effectiveness of FBMs for a sustainable and innovative SACI.
T-Shaped Professional (T-SP) Model to support Human-Machine Interaction
Authors: Barile Paolo , Barile Sergio , Bassano Clara , Piciocchi Paolo , Saviano Marialuisa , Clinton Spohrer James
Published: June 2023

Researches and studies did not investigate in deep the importance to develop T-shaped skills and techniques for aligning human machine learning (Spohrer, Banavar, 2015) and to design more intuitive machine interfaces. Recently, in this direction, we can find some efforts with regards to the introduction of innovative approaches in education programs inspired by the T-Shaped Model (Barile and Saviano 2021; Saviano et al., 2017a; 2017b; Barile et al., 2015; 2015a). Thus, the aim of the paper is to explore the interpretative contribution of the VSA proposal of the T-Shaped Professional (T-SP) representation, to reconceive human-machine interaction in order to understand the characteristics that people must have to interact effectively (Barile et al., 2019; 2021; Bassano et al., 2020; 2021). Given our purpose, we refer to the trans-disciplinary approach based on Service Science (SS) and Viable Systems Approach (VSA) as methodological frameworks for highlighting the VSA contribution to frame the use of the revised T-Shaped Professionals (T-SP) Model – in which vertical expertise is combined with horizontal and cross-sectional knowledge (Maglio & Spohrer, 2008; Demirkan & Spohrer, 2015; Freund 2018; Moghaddam, Demirkan, and Spohrer 2018; Gardner & Maietta 2020) –, in the emerging context of the digital transformation where workforce’s personal and intellectual habits are challenged (Piciocchi et al., 2017; 2018; 2019). The paper could offer interesting insights for debating on the need for an actualized T-SP model that should be characterized by a proactive attitude, creativity and change management orientation. This assumption is coherent with the increasing demand for workers whose social emotional learning skills are crucial and not yet susceptible to computerization (Frey, C.B. and Osborne, 2017). This implies the need to understand why and how each person can access the rapidly growing digital workforce by reconfiguring own professional shape.
Effects of Imaging Cooking Behaviors on Cooking Intentions of University Students living alone
Authors: Asaeda Takahiro , Koda Munenaga
Published: June 2023

Factors that promote cooking behavior for the purpose of health promotion have been examined. Against this background, the present study examined whether imagining oneself cooking improves cooking intention and cooking efficacy in 24 college students (11 female, 13 male, M=21.25±2.27 years old) who lived alone by using a hypothetical situation method. The experiment consisted of reading a description of a situation in which the participants were asked to make a decision about whether or not to cook, and answering a questionnaire about their intention and efficacy after performing the task. The experimental group was asked to read the description of the scene and to describe what they imagined in the scene. The control group was asked to read the scene descriptions, convert the characters to katakana, and write them down from the opposite direction. The results showed that there was no significant difference in intention and efficacy between the experimental and control groups, but there was a moderate effect size, indicating a tendency to arouse intention and efficacy. In the future, it is expected to be verified as a simple motivational strategy by comparing it with the case of presenting only instructional stimuli.
System Development of Motor Imagery BCI : An Approach from The Human Side
Authors: Kato Akihiro , Hashimoto Masami , Oshiyama Chiaki , Nishimura Takuichi
Published: June 2023

Non-invasive brain-computer interface (BCI) uses mainly electroencephalography (EEG) to operate external devices. In particular, BCI is needed for people with severe physical disabilities, such as ALS, because they are unable to move their bodies other than their brains; BCI that uses Motor Imagery (MI) requires the identification of obvious ERPs associated with MI. In this study, a system focused on BCI-training and MI support was developed, and EEG was measured after system use. The system is characterized by the presentation of a simulated hand animation to support MI of left and right hand grasping. As a result, significant ERPs were confirmed in three subjects, however, it is possible that some subjects may not be able to observe ERPs if the number of subjects is increased. Therefore, the BCI-training needs to be carefully developed. In particular, it is necessary to consider teaching methods that facilitate subjects to gain control over their own mental states and internal sensations. However, there is no knowledge on how to teach BCI-training. Therefore, the author has conceived of a system that enables participants to simultaneously train themselves and acquire knowledge about BCI control in BCI-training.
New Era Leadership for Liminal Times and Beyond
Authors: C. Anderson Laura , Nguyen Strattner Jade
Published: June 2023

This paper introduces a comprehensive, systemic approach to create the organizational leadership capabilities needed for the demands of the post-pandemic era. We call this New Era Leadership. While every age is marked by critical events and crises that drive change, we believe that the current combination of events and generational workforce shifts creates a powerful momentum for people to participate in shaping their environments, and an associated demand for co-creative and self-aware leaders. We asked ourselves if the known leadership models, supported by their methods, educational approaches and practices, are capable of meeting this challenge, and examined their features and capabilities. We take a historical view of the characteristics of legacy leadership models from ancient times to the present to understand the important factors and dynamics relating to leadership, the gaps that exist between existing leadership approaches and today’s needs and explore how a New Era Leadership model addresses those gaps. We detail the characteristics of the New Era Leader and the systemic, systematic actions needed to materialize this model, and conclude with a summary and ideas for future research directions.
Towards a co-creative approach to interactively develop digital services
Authors: Hieber Nina , Feike Maximilian , Prochazka Veronika
Published: June 2023

Numerous new service innovation methods and approaches have been established in recent decades, a lot of them emphasize the early involvement of the user perspective (e.g., in design thinking). However, there is still potential for further perspectives to be integrated into the service innovation process in a structured way, in particular to innovate inter-organisational with different stakeholders in order to incorporate different competences, knowledge and perspectives. Therefore, based on a literature review and an analysis of existing approaches, our work aims to develop a unified approach that enables the co-creative development of digital services by involving all relevant stakeholders (e.g., potential users, company representatives, experts, and business partners) in all development phases. The developed approach (consisting of three phases: Co-Exploration, Co-Innovation, Co-Evaluation) provides a structured yet modular and thus adaptable methodology that maps the entire innovation process of a digital service. Our research shows that the field of service innovation and user-centred methodologies is widely discussed, but the structured involvement of additional stakeholder groups is hardly recognised.
Traces of Memory, Footprints of Material
Authors: Goshayeshisafa Narges
Published: June 2023

Our environment is the key component of our survival on earth and has the most optimal solutions that worked for three and a half billion years. Dr. Janine Benyus, pioneer in the field of Biomimicry has shown that when we emulate nature's designs and processes, we can create a healthier, more sustainable planet. Natural phenomena all around us can be the inspiration for solutions to our current problems. Human body is full of inspirations. One of the most efficient parts of a human's body is their brain. As humans go through time, their brain creates new connections and destructs the unnecessary ones to not misuse the limited resources of the brain. The result of this behavior is making new memories and forgetting the old ones. Research shows that this behavior of the brain which results in forgetfulness is a healthy process and is crucial to brain functionality. This dynamic part of the body changes as it goes through time. Just as humans go through time, so do the materials we create. Designing materials that do not exhaust the limited resources of earth can be inspired by those natural evolutionary processes that have engineered our magnificent brains. Such process creates materials that are responsive, dynamic, and easily return to enrich the cycle of life. This project is inspired by how our mind and body work. As technology advances while being inspired by brain processes in material creation we’re invited to open new doors synthesizing natural processes with current technologies. While we explore the opportunities for more sustainable materials development through additive manufacturing and computational designs, we collaborate with nature to bring these ideas to life. The result of this project showcases a taxonomy of bio-degradable materials that has been designed and created utilizing Rhino-Grasshopper and Robotic Fabrication using UR10 robotic arm. In these material prototypes, the behaviors of sample materials such as shape change, and strength have been studied to explore the opportunities they provide by engineering material properties as well as geometrical features. This study emphasizes on the need to take meaningful actions in creating sustainable materials that do not exhaust the limited resources of earth.
Students’ perceived workload, stress, fatigue and performance during the remote learning setup: A semester-long study
Authors: Grepo Lorelie
Published: June 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has largely impacted college students as they reported experiencing increased workload, stress, and fatigue in the remote learning setup, which could potentially affect student learning and academic performance. This study investigated the experiences of 3rd year Industrial Engineering students at the University of the Philippines Diliman in the remote learning setup for the 2nd Semester of the Academic Year 2021-2022. The study measured students’ perceived workload (PWL), perceived stress (PS) and stress symptoms experienced, perceived fatigue (PF), and perceived academic performance weekly throughout the semester. Participant demographics and weekly activities were documented. Fifty-five (55) students completed the 17-week study with questionnaires administered through Qualtrics. The results indicate that the perceptions of workload, stress, fatigue and academic performance differed significantly between weeks in the semester, as well as between the participants’ sex. Hours spent by students on different activities during the semester were shown to significantly affect their perceived workload, stress, fatigue, and academic performance. Finally, the perceived workload correlated with perceived stress and perceived fatigue, which were also significantly correlated with the student's perceived academic performance.
An Evaluation Method of Art Teachers' Cooperative Communication Ability Based on Task Situation
Authors: Yao Zhang , Du Yihang
Published: June 2023

To development an evaluation of the cooperation and communication ability of art teachers in colleges and universities. First, based on the teaching task situation of art discipline, the critical incident technique was introduced to carry out semi-structured interviews. According to the differences in teaching task situations, the art teachers' cooperation ability was scored from three dimensions: establishing and maintaining consensus, taking appropriate actions to solve problems, and maintaining team organization forms. Then, the indicators are set to form a language communication ability evaluation method based on the teaching task scenario. Finally, select front-line teachers with more than five years of teaching experience as the object, design and implement the cooperative communication ability evaluation experiment based on the above evaluation methods. The cooperation and communication ability evaluation experiment can be applied to the quantitative evaluation the performance of art teachers in their post capability. The cooperative communication ability evaluation experiment can provide a new idea for the quantitative and standardized method, and also provide a basis for the next step of developing corresponding evaluation software and tools.
Performance Vs. Workload Matrix of Primary Flight Training: Exploratory Study
Authors: Tamilselvan Gajapriya , Dinler Nurettin , Belt Stephen
Published: June 2023

Workload is a well-established metric to evaluate how pilots meet their task demands in flight. Workload is intertwined with human performance. Existing literature did not classify whether the pilots are overworked or underworked and how that relates to their inflight task demands and experience. Objective: To explore the relationships between performance and workload of pilots in a primary flight training environment. Method: In this exploratory study, we measured physical workload parameters by recording the flight control deflections of elevator and aileron and how they deviated from reference pitch and bank attitudes. We quantified flight performance by computing deviations between actual and desired altitude/heading parameters. Our study included a sample of twenty students and flight instructors from a Part 141 flight training school. Experimental stimuli for participants involved three instrument flight sessions in an Advanced Aviation Training Device (AATD) with ceiling and visibility set to unlimited, calm winds and light turbulent conditions. Participants were briefed to complete a preset flight pattern with seven segments twice per session. Flight segments were straight-and-level flight, level turns at a rate of 3 deg/s, a 500 ft/min climb and descent, and two airspeed changes. Spearman’s correlation tests were used to examine the relationships between performance and workload data between sessions. Results: Significant relationships between flight performance and physical workload parameters emerged from the data. Elevator workload was positively correlated with altitude performance across all flight sessions. There were positive relationships between elevator workload and heading performance during the first two sessions and no significant relationship in the last session. Aileron workload was inversely related to how much the pilots deviated from desired altitude performance. Aileron workload and heading performance were inversely related during the first and the last sessions, except for the second session. The research findings were limited in relation to generalizability to the population. Conclusion: This study’s results provide deeper insights into how pilots’ performance relates to physical workload parameters in a primary flight training setting. This study’s information elucidates the flight training community about skill development among Part 141 pilots and further provides a framework to develop evidence-based training strategies. Future research focuses on classifying the pilots’ performance and workload into high/medium/low categories, investigating the nature of relationships, developing interactions, and relating them to pilot demographics.
User Experience and E-government Services: Lessons Learned about Developing a Benchmarking Survey
Authors: Aldrees Asma , Gracanin Denis
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we presented a personal reflection on designing a benchmarking web-based questionnaire to evaluate user experience in e-government. The questionnaire is based on a global conceptual framework that is proposed to evaluate users’ adoption behaviors of e-government services along with five significant factors affecting the adoption behavior. We developed this questionnaire and explained the validity and reliability tests. The validity testing incorporates the content validity ratio measure by contacting 16 experts in e-government and technology adoption to evaluate the questionnaire items. Hence, the questionnaire items were reduced from 55 to 24 items after addressing experts’ evaluations. Then, a pilot study was conducted using Cronbach’s alpha to evaluate the reliability of the questionnaire. We recruited 100 participants to answer the questionnaire and then evaluated its reliability. The results showed acceptable values of Cronbach’s alpha. Hence, the questionnaire is proven ready to be used after ensuring its validity and reliability.
User experience elements of data visualization large screen: The example of electricity industry
Authors: Du Wei , Liu Xinxiong
Published: June 2023

In the era of big data, all sectors of society pay more and more attention to data value. Data visualization, as the most effective way to present data value, has been given an important position.The electricity industry has many sources of data, complex dimensions and large scale. It is necessary to present massive data clearly, scientifically and accurately through the visualization system. Therefore, it is very important to establish a set of data visualization large screen product evaluation element model based on user experience to improve user satisfaction. This paper mainly collects the user experience elements of the large screen of electricity industry data through user interviews, and uses the card sorting method to establish the element model, which is convenient to quantify the user experience of the large screen of electricity industry data visualization, and realize scientific evaluation of user experience results.
The information architecture of PDAs-its impact on user comprehension and risk perception
Authors: Wang Li-Jen , Zheng Meng-Cong
Published: June 2023

Communication technology has been widely used in healthcare. There is a trend for one of the decision-making aids in innovative healthcare to become interactive web pages and applications. However, users often do not understand professional medical information and health values, especially those with poor numeracy skills. Therefore, more research is needed on translating complex medical information into simple guidelines that users can effectively understand and operate.Aims: This study aims to understand the impact of author-driven and reader-driven information architectures on users of patient decision aids.Methods: Author-driven and reader-driven framework models were developed for the same topic of patient decision aids. Users of different numerical abilities were evaluated on their comprehension, risk perception, usability, and task load. A total of 38 participants were assessed, of which 17 were reader-driven models, and 21 were author-driven models.Results: The results showed that reader-driven model participants were significantly better at comprehension than the author-driven model(p=0.025), but there was no significant difference in risk perception. Author-driven model usability was higher, but overall usability was lower. In the task load section, participants demanded more mental, physical, time pressure, effort, and stress feelings in the reader-driven model, especially in the time pressure section (p=0.011). In contrast, participants were more satisfied with their self-operational performance in the author-driven model. There was no significant difference between the two models regarding comprehension and risk perception between participants with excellent and lousy numeracy skills. However, among those with good numeracy skills, reader-driven model comprehension performance was significantly better than the author-driven model (p=0.018), and there was no significant difference in risk perception.Discussion: We found that the information architecture in patient decision aids impacts the user's comprehension. In the future, the information navigation framework of patient decision aids should consider the numerical ability of the user when developing them.
Enhanced User-System Learning Interface
Authors: Vere-Michael Kiss De
Published: June 2023

This paper describes a new informational navigation tool to augment user learning and/or knowledge transference strategies for complex Human-System-Integrative (HSI) machines. The device is designed to augment a reduction in the amount of time required to navigate machine operating manuals when searching for operational information, including a) systems and systems integration, b) normal operational procedures c) abnormal operational procedures d) emergency operational procedures, and d) machine limitations. The device can be applied to many different domains including Academia (textbooks), Automotive, Aviation, Medical, Nuclear, Space, and any other domain requiring complex Human-Machine-Interaction (HMI). Current methods using paper and digital technologies are challenging to circumnavigate; they can make learning unreasonably problematic and laborious; and can require a large amount of the user’s time. As a result, operators can lose efficiency in time and cognitive development when utilizing current state-of-the-art methods. To improve learning resources, the Enhanced User-System Learning Interface (EUSLI), an Advanced Interactive Media (AIM), was developed. Preliminary tests using professional airline pilots (the users) and aircraft manuals (the knowledge transfer system) as the testing experiment, demonstrated an efficiency increase of 65.5% when compared to state-of-the-art methods. Additionally, results indicate increases in cognitive resources, cognitive compatibility, situation awareness, usability, and enjoyment (an emotive factor); and decreases in user fatigue and workload. This paper describes the qualitative and quantitative data and analysis of the research conducted in association with previous research of the Enhanced Pilot Learning Interface published with AHFE in 2018. The results indicate the current research study verified the findings of the previous experiment, with enhanced formative information to be included in the experimentation's conclusions.
Effects of Information Layout and Dynamic Presentation of Banner Advertising on the User Interface Design of Mobile Food Ordering Application
Authors: Zhai Weimin , Chen Chien-Hsiung
Published: June 2023

With more and more users using smartphones to order food online, in order to attract users, advertisements are widely used in various mobile food ordering APPs (MFOAs). The presentation of information in the user interface of MFOA is an essential factor pertinent to the user experience. This study aimed to explore the usability of information layout and dynamic presentation of banner advertising in an MFOA's operation and to suggest future design improvements. A 2 x 2 between-subjects experiment was planned to help explore whether the information layout (i.e., list-style and matrix-style) and dynamic presentation of banner advertising (i.e., static and dynamic ads) affect users' task performance and their subjective evaluations. This experiment used a convenience sampling method, and a total of 32 participants were recruited to participate in the experiment. Data collection for the experiment included participants' task performance, subjective ratings on a 7-point Likert scale and semi-structured interviews. The generated results revealed that: (1) Information layout with different types affected the participants' task performance; (2) Dynamic presentation of banner advertising affected users' task performance; (3) Information layout affected participants' subjective evaluations of the degree of preference and attractiveness; matrix-style was better than list-style; (4) There was a significant interaction between information layout and dynamic presentation of banner advertising in the subjective measure of the degree of preference, list-style is rated significantly higher in static ads than in matrix-style. However, the opposite result is obtained for dynamic ads. The findings generated from the research can be a good reference for developing the user interface design for MFOAs.