bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Operating Modes of the Solar Assisted Drainwater System for Ground Source Heat Pump
Authors: Yin Yong Lan , Gao Qing , Zhu Bai Fa , Li Ming
Published: December 2010

To extend the area in applications of solar heat pump and drainwater heat recovery, the gravity film exchanger was employed to establish the solar assisted drainwater heat pump system. In this paper, two gravity film exchangers were assembled in the hybrid heat pump system to discuss the effect of water distribution ratio in two exchangers on the electric power complement and outlet water temperature of the condenser. The technology of Matlab/Simulink was used in modeling and simulations of the system by the performance curves and performance parameters of the corresponding system components. In the designing processes, the dynamic characteristics can be predicted, and the optimal operating conditions can also be concluded that appropriate water distribution ratio should be selected respectively for higher outlet temperature of the condenser or lower electric power complement.
Evaluation and Statistical Analysis on the Centrality Indexes of Tourism Central City in the Central Liaoning Urban Clusters
Authors: Ma Zhi Xin , Liu Xuan
Published: December 2010

This paper took 8 tourism central cities in central Liaoning urban clusters as an example, chose 7 indicators to analyze the centrality indexes of the tourism destinations and study the development of regional tourism industry. It firstly made a principal component analysis, then used the extracted principal components as a new integrated variable, the principal component score matrix as the new integrated variable data to make a cluster analysis through the software SPSS. From the perspective of tourism planning, the paper finally determines to establish a system of tourism central cities: Shenyang isⅠ-class tourism central city, Anshan, Fushun and Benxi are Ⅱ-class tourism central cities, Yingkou, Fuxin, Liaoyang and Tieling are Ⅲ-class tourism central cities, and provides the basis for distribution of the regional tourism economy in central Liaoning.
Technologies Analysis of Connect6 Computer Game
Authors: Qiao Zhi Hua , Yang Ming , Wang Zi Juan
Published: December 2010

Connect6 is an emerging chess game in recent years. It evolves from Renju or Go-Moku. Because of large board, the search space and the state space are very large and the efficiency of searching algorithm is higher than Renju or Go-Moku’s. This paper mainly introduces key technologies of Connect6, such as board representation, move generation, searching technology and evaluation function, etc. Machine learning is used in the Connect6 computer game program. Hot topics and tasks are also proposed in the end.
The Rejuvenation Queue Construction and Strategy Research for Related Web Services
Authors: Guo Jun , Song Xin Ya , Wang Yun Sheng , Li Xian Li , Zhang Bin
Published: December 2010

The problem of software aging widely exists in long-running software system, and the solution is software rejuvenation. Traditional software rejuvenation strategy has some deficiencies in solving the software aging problems of web services, for example, the higher failure rate and the poorer stability. Therefore, considering web services may have the correlation, at first we classified web service relationship and analyzed the relationship of web services by using the association mining algorithm; secondly we established and continuously fixed the aging model of web services by using the error back-propagation network to calculate the aging weights of web services. On this basis, based on the analysis of web services’ priority, call frequency and aging states, we calculated the rejuvenation cost, constructed the rejuvenation queue, and proposed an adaptive rejuvenation strategy of related web services. The experiment result showed that, compared with traditional regeneration strategy, this strategy improved the stability and dependability of web services.
A Comprehensive Evaluation System Based on Green Computing
Authors: Liu Jian Bo
Published: December 2010

Green computing is a new computing model to build the saving-type and low-carbon society, promote the sustainable coordinate development of economy. Through the comparison with green chemistry, this paper proposed a comprehensive evaluation based on green computing, which analyzed the factors of green environment and computer system, such as computing ability, communication ability and storage capacity, and got important conclusions. The methods in the paper could provide service for the green evaluation in the field of IT industry.
The Design and Realization of Cloud Computing Framework Model Based on SOA
Authors: Shuang Liang
Published: December 2010

Cloud computing is a system which provide hardware services, infrastructure services, platform services, software services, storage services to a variety of Internet applications, and SOA is a component model, it will rely on well-defined interfaces between services and linked contract applications. In this paper, combined cloud computing and SOA together closely to form a cloud computing framework model based on SOA, So that the clouds provide in a simple and flexible way to offer services. And it gives a realization of the model. Experiments show that the model is simple, practical and fully reflects the cloud computing and service-oriented architecture advantages.
Building a Risk-Aware Adaptive Trust Negotiation Framework
Authors: Ma Yao , Lu Hong Wei , Zhao Yi Zhu
Published: December 2010

In the uncertain environment, trust and risk are both key elements for making trust-based decisions. Risk is regarded as a supplement to trust or even omitted in the most existing trust models, which will lead to one-sided or subjective decisions. To solve the issues, a risk-aware adaptive trust negotiation framework is proposed in this paper. According to the specific negotiation context, the framework analyzes the potential risks and adapts dynamic access control levels appropriately with risk management methods. The use case results indicate that this framework can identify the potential risk and adapt access control polices according to the specific entity and transaction, which avoid risks and provides more efficient trust negotiation services.
The Risks Control Methods of Financial Derivative Instruments
Authors: Song Wei
Published: December 2010

In this article, it quantizes the extended model of risk control system, using different stages, and supervision is the number and type of relative lack of financial products in China, therefore, it is established as a risk management mechanism in China - the financial institutions to eventually. It provides the theory basis for future development, more feasible operation strategy financial derivatives markets, to achieve a reasonable investment and risk control target as -. This article is: it provides the operability of risk control in the macroscopic and microscopic utilization strategy, unswervingly encourage, monitoring and enforcement of financial derivatives.
Services Oriented Approach for Distributed Heterogeneous Information Integration
Authors: Zhang Pei Yun , Chen En Hong
Published: December 2010

The goal of distributed heterogeneous information integration is seamless interactions among different business tasks. To achieve the goal, the paper presents a novel middleware framework in service oriented computing (SOC) environment. We analyze the framework in detail and propose three steps for integrating the heterogeneous information resource, including heterogeneous databases. The unified user interface is provided which invoking and binding Web services more dynamically and flexibly in the framework. Especially, we put forward the specific realization process of the core modules of the framework. As an example, we propose the realization of wrapping heterogeneous database as Web services. Finally, we propose the services oriented business integration process and provide the remedial measures for the model of the business process integration. The approach can achieve low cost, flexibility to change and full of system extensibility for distributed heterogeneous information integration.
Design and Implementation of Dynamic Query Component Based on Neural Network
Authors: Wei Xian Min
Published: December 2010

This paper analyzed the principles of learning and associative memoryof artificial neural network, while combining with component-based software engineering (CBSE) development ideas, and designed dynamic data query component. To Innovatively and effectively combinate neural network (Instar rule) with the data query concretely. Dynamic data query components mainly consist of five group elements, in addition to system interface group element as a characteristic group element, the other as functional group elements. Under control flow, around the user's service request to analyze data profiling and query information feedback. In addition, dynamic data query component of internal work processes is briefly described. The design will be of practical value for the database management system.
Analysis of Machine Learning Research and Application
Authors: Wei Xian Min
Published: December 2010

The artificial intelligence is an important branch of computer science, in recent years with the development of computer technology, artificial intelligence has also been in good development. Machine learning is a core part of artificial intelligence, machine learning background, research status, and applications in network intrusion detection, text categorization and data mining were studied in this paper.
The Finite Element Analysis of Weight Control Agency Belonging to Crawler Crane Machine
Authors: Zhang Wei Chun , Chen Jie , Pei Bao Hao , Ma Bing Bing , Yu Peng , Du Xian Bin
Published: December 2010

The weight control agency of crawler crane machine may be in the problem of inadequate strength in engineering applications. It will be analyzed and improved design by finite element. The bracket and frame are respectively calculated by static, established the finite element model, imposed loads, solved the result and sum up the stress distribution disciplinarian. The improved agencies are re-analyzed by the ANSYS. After re-analyzed, the intension of the weight control agency meets the strength requirement.
A Purpose-Driven User Mobility Model for Opportunistic Networks
Authors: Xu Jian Bo , Yang Guang
Published: December 2010

An opportunistic Network is a network consisting exclusively of users’ mobile devices, with mobility being one of its essential features. Under the circumstances that a path may never exist between the two sides of communication, an opportunistic network exploits node mobility to realize delayed data delivery by capturing the opportunities of node meeting to relay messages. Designing efficient data forwarding strategies is one of the most challenging tasks in opportunistic network research, while currently the validation of any protocol for data forwarding almost absolutely relies on simulations of which node mobility models are one of the fundamental components. In this paper, we suggest a purpose-driven user mobility model for opportunistic networks which, to our best knowledge, is the first work considering the factor of purposes behind users’ movement. On the basis of location functionalization, our model can gain a better approximation of human movement patterns.
Expanding of College Students’ Scientific Quality and Innovation with the Carrier of Research Program
Authors: Li Chang He , Hou Ya Li , Liu Guo Yu
Published: December 2010

In order to meet the demands of high-quality talents raised by the nation, guide and inspire the college students’ hard thinking so as to get more fruits and improve their personal refinement, continuously promote the standard, systematic, and scientific construction of scientific innovation of our students, create a good atmosphere for the students’ participation into the scientific research and practice, and to cultivate high-quality comprehensive talents with innovation capability, in accordance with the reality of our college, we propose that taking the research program as the carrier, the students take part in the instructors’ scientific program. Meanwhile, the instructors are responsible for the scientific innovation activities of the students, and give evaluations in terms of working attitude, scientific quality, innovation capability, working effect. After several years’ exploration, a satisfied result is achieved.
Descriptive Text Generation for Image Search Result
Authors: Liu Rui , Jiang Ming Hu
Published: December 2010

The image search engines have been effective tools to find pictures from the Internet. They provide a list of image items in response to a user’s query, and rank the items according to their relevance to the query. An image item is often accompanied with a short descriptive text, which is brief text summaries extracted from the webpage title, content, image caption, or its metadata, to provide auxiliary information about the image. In this paper, we present a new and effective descriptive text generation method by using the idea of summarizing an image’s surrounding text, using text’s position information, and finding an image’s nearest neighbors.
Characterization of Co-Cr-Mo (F-75) Alloy Produced by Solid State Sintering
Authors: Zuraidawani Che Daud , Jamaludin Shamsul Baharin , Bari Md. Fazlul
Published: December 2010

This research was carried out to fabricate and characterize Co-Cr-Mo (F-75) alloy. The samples have been prepared via solid state sintering. The lab work comprises the mixing of F-75 alloy powder with 2 wt. % of binder. The mixture was cold compacted using uniaxially press at 500 MPa. The samples were sintered at three different temperatures (1250 °C, 1300 °C and 1350 °C) in inert environment for 90 minutes of sintering time. The sintered samples were characterized by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and optical microscope (OM) Olympus BX41M. Bulk density, apparent porosity, percentage of linear shrinkage, and microhardness of the samples were also characterized. The average of the grain sizes were measured by line intercepts method. The optical micrographs showed the difference grain size in all sintered samples after etching with Marble reagent. The result shows the percentage of linear shrinkage, bulk density value and porosity increase with increasing the sintering temperature. Beside that, higher sintering temperature yields coarser grain structure.
Effect of Ruthenium Metal Precursors Supported on Bentonite in Hydrogenolysis Glycerol
Authors: Hamzah Noraini , Alias Aznira , Samad Wan Zurina , Kassim Mohamad Bin , Yarmo Mohd Ambar
Published: December 2010

Various ruthenium precursors (Ru= RuCl3, Ru2 = Ru(acac)3, Ru3 = Ru3(CO)12) supported on bentonite were prepared by conventional impregnation method. Their catalytic performances were evaluated in the hydrogenolysis of glycerol using autoclave Parr reactor under mild reaction conditions of 150°C, hydrogen pressure 30 bar for 7 hours. Among the studied catalyst, 5% Ru/bentonite catalyst prepared from Ru and Ru3 precursor exhibited higher activity which are 79.6% and 72.5% respectively. In contrast, Ru2/bentonite prepared from Ru(acac)3 precusor gave lowest activity (41.8%). In term of selectivity to 1,2-propanediol, Ru2 and Ru3 precusor gave higher selectivity (67.0% and 66.9%) compared to Ru precursor (50.6%). These results indicated that metal precursor plays an important role on activity and selectivity of the catalyst in hydrogenolysis reaction. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, XPS, BET, FESEM-EDX and TEM, and the reasons for the high performances of the catalyst were also discussed.
Selective Oxidation of Glycerol over Titania Supported AuPd Bimetallic Catalysts
Authors: Ahmad Nadzri Ainol Hayah , Hamzah Noraini , Alias Aznira , Salimon Jumat , Yarmo Mohd Ambar
Published: December 2010

Oxidation of gycerol to form various types of important short chain oxygenated derivatives became an important reaction to support biodiesel industries. In this study, a series of AuPd nanoparticles at different metal mole ratios which were 9:1 and 8:2 supported on titania (TiO2) were successfully prepared, characterized and tested for its activity and selectivity in liquid phase oxidation reaction of glycerol. All the catalysts were prepared by deposition-precipitation method with decomposition of urea. AuxPdy/TiO2 catalysts were characterized using XRD, TEM and XPS. The formation of alloy Au-Pd phase was ascertained by XRD and XPS analysis. TEM analyses have shown that the Au and Pd metal particles in the range of 10-30 nm in size were uniformly dispersed on the TiO2 support with narrower size distribution. Higher catalytic activity observed for the catalysts was attributed to the presence of metallic Au0 and PdO phases together with the ‘synergistic’ effect of Au-Pd alloy. The highest selectivity to tartronic acid (55%) was obtained by using Au9Pd1/TiO2 catalyst after 8 h of reaction time at 50oC reaction temperature.
La-Doped CaCu3Ti4O12 Ceramics Sintered in Argon Environment
Authors: Afzan Sharif N. Shafiza , Hutagalung Sabar Derita , Ahmad Zainal A.
Published: December 2010

The properties of undoped and La-doped CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramics synthesized via solid state reaction under argon environment had been studied. It was found that La-doped CCTOs gave higher dielectric constant and lower dielectric loss than undoped CCTO. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated that all of the sintered samples have single-phase cubic structure (space group ). A minor shifted was observed in the peak positions for La-doped samples, which are attributed to the lattice expansion. The lattice parameter obtained from XRD analysis is 7.348 Å for undoped CCTO and increases to 7.348 – 7.377 Å for La-doped CCTOs. The results proven that La ions have effectively substituted into the Ca site of CCTO.
Formation and Mechanistic Study of Self-Ordering ZrO2 Nanotubes by Anodic Oxidation
Authors: Ismail Syahriza , Lockman Zainovia , Ahmad Zainal Arifin , Berenov Andrey
Published: December 2010

Among all of the one dimensional nanostructures other than titania (TiO2) and carbon, zirconia (ZrO2) have started to gain interest due to its potential in catalytic and energy applications. ZrO2 nanotubes arrays have been prepared using electrochemical anodizing method of Zr foil in fluorine containing glycerol electrolyte. The morphology and structure of the ZrO2 nanotubes are strongly controlled by the applied electrochemical condition especially voltage. Nanotubes with diameter of 30 to 60 nm has been produced by controlling the anodization voltage from 10 to 40 V. The ZrO2 nanotubes formed in this method is partially crystalline even without the heat treatment. The wall thickness is ~10 nm. The self-aligned nanotubes produced by this method could be used for phocatalytic application. The degradation of methylene orange under UV light was successful when ZrO2 nanotubes made in 30 V is used.
Effect of pH on TiO2 Nanoparticles via Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Ibrahim Siti Aida , Sreekantan Srimala
Published: December 2010

A series of titania nanoparticles was successfully synthesized via sol gel method using titanium tetraisopropoxide as a precursor. In this paper, data concerning the effect of pH towards the development of TiO2 nanoparticles is reported. The samples were characterised by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). XRD results showed the existence of nanocrystalline anatase phases with crystallite size ranging from 7-14 nm. Surface morphological studies obtain from SEM micrograph showed the particles with rodlike shape are rutile while the spherical shapes are anatase in nature. It was also found the pH of the solution affect the agglomeration of the particles. Results of photocatalytic studies exhibits that titania powder prepared at pH 9 has an excellent photocatalytic activity with degradation 74.7% within 60 minutes.
Hydrogenolysis of Glycerol to Propanediols over Nano-Ru/C Catalyst with Ionic Liquid Addition
Authors: Alias Aznira , Hamzah Noraini , Yarmo Mohd Ambar
Published: December 2010

Supported ruthenium catalyst on nano-activated carbon (2%Ru/C) and titania (2%Ru/TiO2) were prepared by wet impregnation technique with and without ionic liquid addition (choline chloride with different Lewis acid). Mole ratio of choline chloride and Lewis acid were fixed at 1:3. Catalysts evaluation was performed by glycerol hydrogenolysis reaction at 100°C with initial hydrogen pressure 20 bars for 7 hours reaction. The results showed that supported ruthenium on activated carbon acetylene black with addition of choline chloride/zinc (II) chloride catalyst indicated 30.7% of glycerol converted to 20.6% propylene glycol and 11.4% ethylene glycol. Catalysts profile of XRD showed graphitic phase which could reduce catalyst poisoning effect. XPS analysis showed that Ru/CC-ZnCl2/C catalyst spesies was in Ru4+ state before reaction. In the meantime, mapping analysis using FE-SEM showed well dispersion of ruthenium metal on nano-activated carbon acetylene black with addition of choline chloride/zinc (II) chloride gave the highest selectivity to propanediol. Furthermore, smaller size of nano activated carbon (30-60 nm) than titania (90-120nm) analyzed by TEM may the main course in increasing the conversion of glycerol.
Characterization of Porous Anodic Aluminium Oxide Film on Aluminium Templates Formed in Anodizing Process
Authors: Juyana A. Wahab , Derman Mohd Nazree
Published: December 2010

A porous anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) films were successfully fabricated on aluminium templates by using anodizing technique. The anodizing process was done in the mixed acid solution of phosphoric acid and acetic acid. The growth, morphology and chemical composition of AAO film were investigated. During the anodizing process, the growth of the oxide pores was strictly influenced by the anodizing parameters. The anodizing was done by varying the voltage at 70 V to 130 V and temperature from 5 °C to 25 °C. The electrolyte concentration was remaining constant. In this study, all the samples were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. From this study, the optimum parameters to obtain porous AAO film with the mixture of phosphoric acid and acetic acid solution can be known.
Effects of Calcination Temperature on the Phase Formation and Microstructure of Barium Zinc Tantalate
Authors: Jaafar Hidayani , Ahmad Zainal Arifin , Ain Mohd Fadzil
Published: December 2010

Nowadays, high dielectric materials are important materials in microwave electronic applications due to its properties that can provide high frequency range of an antenna. Barium Zinc Tantalate (BZT) is a complex perovskite structure that can produce high quality factor, Q. In this research, the effect of calcinations temperatures on phase formation, density and morphology of BZT powders were investigated. Based on the DTA result, the range of calcinations temperatures to be investigated were between 750°C to 1250°C. Results show that the maximum density of BZT occurred at 1150°C with 99.74% theoretical density. Samples calcined at below 1100°C still containing their raw materials such as BaCO3, ZnO and Ta2O5. The pure phase of BZT was formed at 1150°C when calcined for 1 hour. The lattice distortion of BZT increased when the calcinations temperature increased between 1000°C to 1150°C. The calcined powders show almost spherical morphology and agglomerated. The particle sizes of BZT increased from 0.716μm to 0.258μm when the temperature increased from 750°C to 1200°C.
Phase Analysis of Mechanically Alloyed In Situ Copper-Tungsten Carbide Composite
Authors: Hussain Zuhailawati , Yusoff Mahani , Othman Radzali
Published: December 2010

An in-situ composite of copper and tungsten carbide powder was prepared by mechanical alloying of elemental powder. The sample has been milled in a high-energy ball mill for 20 h at different milling speed i.e. 100, 200, 300 and 400 rpm in an argon atmosphere. Investigations in terms of microstructural features and phase constitution of in-situ composites powder were performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). At higher milling speed, W2C is found to be precipitated with a small amount of WC was formed. Crystallite size of copper is reducing while internal strain is increasing with increasing milling speed.
Effect of La2O3 Additions on Microstructure, Morphology and Pressure Sensing Behaviour of PZT Based Ceramics Sintered in Al2O3 Environment
Authors: Haji Jumali Mohammad Hafizuddin , Tio Ying Ying , Norhashimah Ramli , Muhammad Mat Salleh , Yahaya Muhammad
Published: December 2010

Effect of La2O3 addition on microstructure, morphology and pressure sensing behaviour of (Pb1-x, Lax)(Zr0.52, Ti0.48)O3 based ceramics was studied in three different compositions of La2O3, namely x = 0.10, 0.12 and 0.15. The samples were prepared through a conventional solid-state reaction method using high purity metal oxides powders. In order to control the PbO losses due to high sintering temperature, a novel approach was explored whereby the samples were sintered in Al2O3 environment. Structural investigation using XRD revealed that all samples exhibited a tetragonal crystal structure. However the c/a ratios exhibited a decreasing trend as the La2O3 content increased, indicating that (Pb1-x, Lax)(Zr0.52, Ti0.48)O3 crystals gradually evolved towards pseudocubic structure. SEM micrographs showed that in all samples the grains have uniform pebble stone morphology. The average grain size reduced from ~ 4.5 µm to ~ 3.0 µm with the increment of La¬2O3 content. The performance of pressure sensing behaviour which was investigated using custom-made pressure chamber showed that sample with composition of x = 0.10 exhibited the best piezoelectric properties with high pressure sensitivity, good stability and repeatability.
The Application of Color Management in the Process of Making Electronic Engraved Plate
Authors: Huang Pei Qing , Dai Wei , Wei Xian Fu , Xu Ying Jie , Gu Ling Ya , Liu Jiang Hao
Published: December 2010

In order to guarantee the quality of the gravure cylinder making. Three kinds of characteristic files generation software (Monaco、Profile-Maker and GMG Profile Editor) are used to generate the characteristic files of electronic engraved gravure print. The generated characteristic files “profile” which use different methods of color management, is used to conduct color management to gravure cylinder making. Then study the color rendering of the printed matter, analyze and compare the software which generates the gravure printing characteristic files “ICC” and the methods of color management. The results show that in comparison the color gamut of the characteristic files which using the software “Monaco” to generate is bigger; the characteristic files which using the software “Profile make” is smaller in the color gamut range of blue to chartreuse; the characteristic files which using the software “GMG Profile Editer” is more excellent than others in the a axis (the color gamut range of red and green). Using the method of color management “GMG” conduct color management to gravure cylinder making, can get the good consequent, which is the best method of color management to gravure printing.
A Kind of Sub-Pixel Grid Characters Thickness Adjustment Method
Authors: Liu Shu Hua , Li Ping Li , Yuan Meng You , Zhang Hong Zhi
Published: December 2010

In order to ensure printing quality of text content in raster image, we usually need to adjust the thickness of characters in the pre-press. This paper presents a sub-pixel adjustment method, based on analysis of characters’ neighborhood pixel information, so that we can control the scope and direction of the adjustment. In our method, Image is considered as a combined result of a foreground character layer and a background image layer. By performing the steps of separating characters from background, calculating ink density of each pixel of characters, adjusting each pixel’s ink density by analysis of neighborhood stroke shape, we achieve a result so fine that could simulate the effects performed by vector methods. The method can be adapted to global or any certain direction (e.g. vertical, horizontal, diagonal, etc) thickness adjustment. Experimental results show that the method can achieve excellent results and is proved to be very practical.
Evaluation of Perceptual Rendering Intent in ICC Printing Workflows
Authors: Peng Li Rui , Green Phil
Published: December 2010

A psychophysical experiment on evaluating of Perceptual Rendering Intent in sRGB v2 and v4 profile as source profiles in ICC printing workflows was conducted. The Perceptual rendering intent in the sRGB v4 preference profile obtained higher scores than that in v2 profile in terms of both preference and subjective accuracy. No single tested workflow performed best on both preference and subjective accuracy. In terms of the observers’ reliability, expert observers had a higher consistency and smaller variance than the naive observers did.
A Study of the Functionalities and Workflow for Web-to-Print Platform
Authors: Hsieh Yung Cheng , Lin Hung Sheng
Published: December 2010

“Web-to-Print” has become a new trend of printing industry all over the world recently. It combines the advantages of internet with printing processes in a highly digitalized way, and has been used in the U.S. and Europe for a while. Nowadays in the 21st century, whether offset printing, gravure printing, flexo printing, screen printing or digital printing cannot survive without internet, and it will be the trend for printers to develop Web-to-Print platform to reduce cost and increase productivity. Most of Asian printers still use traditional processes to print orders. Comparing to the printers in the U.S. or European countries, these printers in Asia seem not so active in the development of Web-to-Print. Under the influence of digitalization, it will be very important for them to consider how to provide “Web-to-Print” services. To begin with, this research conduct case study analyses of major successful stories of Web-to-Print by literature and actual examples. Functionalities of profitable web-to-print platform, based on our findings, may include various basic on-line operations such as on-line editing, on-line proofing and on-line ordering. Besides, in order to offer a user-friendly environment for foreign customers, the platform should take bilingual user interface into account. The platform should also provide copyright management and on-line legal advice service. After basic functionalities are implemented, educational service such as knowledge learning function are included to illustrate basic and professional printing knowledge which will be useful for those customers who are not familiar with print processes. The results of this study should help traditional printers invest on web-to-print business and provide a good reference for future studies related web-to-print technology and services.
Establish the Control Template of Data Flow Based on Prinergy Workflow
Authors: Wang Qin Wen
Published: December 2010

Under the promoting of digital information process and computer controlling system, modern printing industry comes to a digital workflow era. Digital workflow not only changed conventional prepress and printing process but also changed the organization and transmission of conventional printing information, which brings in both opportunities and challenges to printing industries. Based on Prinergy digital workflow, the control method of prepress data was studied. According to the requirement of printing production, through theoretical analysis and experiments, with analysis of key nodes of data transferring and controlling, and parameter settings and optimization, a set of data flow control template was established, which ensures smooth and accurate transmission of printing data stream in prepress workflow. What has been achieved in this paper has theoretical and practical significance in using digital workflow to improve the printing quality.
Perceived Image Gamut Based on Human Visual System and Wavelet Transform
Authors: Lin Mao Hai , Luo Yun Hui , Zhou Shi Sheng
Published: December 2010

As some images perhaps contain pixels whose individual colors will not be perceived if they are below the spatial threshold of human visual system (HVS), the paper presents a wavelet transform method for color image considering HVS characteristics to reduce the redundant color information and then construct perceived gamut of image (PGI), which will be used for effective image-dependent gamut mapping. Taking into account the Contrast Sensitivity Function (CFS) of HVS model, the color information reduction is implemented in some subbands of the wavelet transform domain. Then the image gamut was visualized using the general convex hull algorithm and the constructed PGI will only indicate the perceived part of color image. We preliminarily establish a method for reliably determining PGI, which is help to developing robust and psycho-visually justified image gamut mapping algorithm in the future.
Evaluation of Quality for Ink-Jet Printing Based on Capturing Measurement and Control Elements by CCD
Authors: Liu Zhen , Hong Jian , Li Sheng Hui
Published: December 2010

with the rapid development of digital printing, the method and standard of quality detection for digital printing become focus of research. The main work and innovations in this paper include: ①Computer image analysis method was applied to ink-jet printing quality detection for the first time; ②Compared with traditional printing quality test, ink dot, line, color patch and MTF (Modulation Transfer Function) were selected as measurement and control elements. And the test proofs for detecting printing quality were designed; ③The detection algorithm and the overall detection process were put forward in this paper. The result of the experiment demonstrates: the detection method based on capturing measurement and control elements by CCD can accurately accomplish the objective quality evaluation for ink-jet printing. Detection method of print was improved to extend the scope of detection by this research, which could be generalized as a standard method for the detection of ink-jet printing quality.
Study on Color Simulating between Offset Printing and Digital Printing
Authors: Xu Yan Fang , Jiang Gui Ping , Wang Li Li , Liu Hao Xue
Published: December 2010

Color output capability and output accuracy of digital printing machine used for simulating the offset printing were analyzed. A digital machine, HpIndigo 1050, was used in this study. The colorimetric values of its primaries, cyan, magenta, yellow and black, were not the same as that primaries used in the offset printing, and the differences between them could not be removed by adjusting the maximal output ink level. The HpIndigo’s color gamut, consequently, could not completely meet the offset print requirement, typically presenting the absence of some colors equal to or close to the offset’s color gamut. So, color management technique was accepted in our experiment, and the offset’s CMYK values were translated into the digital machine’s CMYK values with the relative intent color simulation through these two machine’s profiles. The results showed that the color output accuracy within the offset color gamut was raised on the whole, and the big color differences only happened on these colors outside the digital machine’s gamut. Numerically, for 928 colors in IT8.7/3 chart, the CIELAB average/maximal color differences dropped from 4.98/13.90 to 3.13/13.13 respectively corresponding to the cases before and after color management accepting. Specially, for gray colors, the average/maximal color differences changed from 4.91/5.59 to 0.92/2.00, improving the gray balance dramatically.
Analysis and Suggestions for Process Control of Offset Platemaking
Authors: Sevryugin Vadim , Andreev Yuri
Published: December 2010

International Standard ISO 12218 applies to the process control of offset platemaking for the conventional technology. Based on the comparative analysis the paper shows the necessity of more strict process control for the CtP technology for which there is no common approach among plate manufacturers. Attaining the basic working properties of printing formes and quality parameters of image elements has been suggested as a basis of such an approach.
The Ray Scattering Spectral Reflectance Model for Coloring Images
Authors: Wan Xiao Xia , Liu Zhen , Liu Qiang
Published: December 2010

we proposed a model for reflectance of a medium in ink layer. And the scattering coefficient is more complicated than the refractive index and absorption coefficient due to its complicated scattering laws and multi-direction, and the multi-direction makes different scatting coefficients in different situation. The goal of the work proposed in this dissertation is to develop a new method to analysis the scattering situation using random walk. By analysis the probability of the scattering of the particle, we obtain the reflectance factors of the diffusing medium with the observation geometry. The present model enables one to predict the reflection spectrum of a particle medium, then to estimate the color and brightness.
Optimization Design of the Web Press’s Fold Mechanism Based on Robustness
Authors: Yuan Ying Cai , Liu Yi Lun , Li Yan
Published: December 2010

With the increasing of printing machine’s working speed, the minor changes of design variables will decrease mechanical precision and stability in working state. So, high-speed and high stability are the tow mutual restraint aspects in modern printing machine design. The web press is the highest printing speed and large-scale with, but the stability of fold mechanism is the most significant constraints to speed. In order to increase the mechanism speed and stability, the two robust criterions, kinematics and dynamics precision, has been proposed. Through the kinetic analysis to the fold mechanism of web press, the dynamic model of the mechanism response to design variables has been established. By the model, the optimization model has been established based on robust analysis. Through the robust model, seeking the design variables with the best robustness，the goal of increasing the mechanical long-term stability in high speed can be attached in the condition of ensuring the fold precision. The design example shows that in the case of the stable design variables, the kinematics performances of robust design and trace optimization design are slightly different , but the dynamic performances of robust design are much better than that of trace optimization, and in the case of the design variables’ slight changes, robust design can make the mechanism’s dynamic performances still maintain, but the trace optimization doesn’t. In short, robust design is a good way to increase the stability of machine.
Extreme Colour Reproduction: Spectral and Preferred
Authors: Luo Ming Ronnier
Published: December 2010

Active research has been carried out at Leeds over the years to achieve successful colour reproduction. The focus now is on the two extreme reproductions from spectral at one end to preferred at the other end. The former is based on a large sized 12-colorants inkjet printer to achieve accurate spectral match between colour patches. For preferred reproduction, two approaches were carried out: preferred skin colours, and emotion terms such as passive-active, pleasant-unpleasant, cool-warm. Models were developed to fulfill all applications.
Application of Parallel Indexing Cam Design Software Platform in Intermittent Mechanism Designing of Die-Cutting Machine
Authors: Shi Xiang Dong , Shen Shao Hua , Chai Cheng Wen
Published: December 2010

The formation of parallel indexing cam profile was described in detail with the calculation of the cam profile data. With VB as the software platform, the parallel indexing cam contour was calculated, the contour mapping was also displayed, and the data was saved as required format. Then a three-dimensional entity of the parallel indexing cam mechanism is drawn up directly in SolidWorks in order to perform the 3D parameterization design and motion emulation of the parallel indexing cam mechanism. This can help designers to find the problems, such as the rotation difficulties caused by excessive pressure angle, the motion distortion caused by small radius of curvature. So the designer can make modification in time to improve design quality and shorten the product development cycles. The software platform can select type of the interval splitter by calculating and selecting the power motor according to the input drive shaft angle and the output shaft such shares. The system could perform the transmission of information and share the information between subsystems, enhancing the degree of integration and automation of parallel indexing cam design and manufacture. A good software platform was developed for parallel indexing cam mechanism’s design, manufacturing and performance studying. Finally, the example of interval paper-feed mechanism in an automatic die-cutting machine was verified the usability and effectiveness of the software platform.
Study on the Efficient Reconstruction Method of Spectral Color Information
Authors: Chen Guang Xue , Wang Hai Wen , Li Jie
Published: December 2010

The efficient reconstruction of spectral color information was the key research subject of color production technique based on spectrum. For the reality that the current principal component analysis method and independent component analysis method cannot solve the efficient reconstruction of spectral color information satisfactorily, it put forward the mixed frequency component analysis method in the integrated and unique perspective for the first time. And it solved the efficient reconstruction of spectral color information successfully, besides it provided the further theoretical support of color vision stage theory and a new theoretical explanation of eye color visual constancy
Preparation and Performance of Cationic Spherical Polyelectrolyte Brushes as Retention and Drainage Aid in Papermaking
Authors: Su Na , Chen Ivan , Li Hou Bin , Liu Xing Hai , Zhu Xin Xin
Published: December 2010

Novel cationic spherical polyelectrolyte brushes (CSPBs) were prepared by photoemulsion polymerization. Dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride was grafted onto the surface of polystyrene particles bearing a thin layer of photoinitiator that was prepared by Schotten-Baumann reaction of Darocur 1173 and Methacryloyl chloride. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to analyze the size and shape of CSPBs, the average diameter of these particles with uniform spherical structure was ca.170nm. A link to the use of this system as a model for retention and drainage aid in the papermaking process was described. Dynamic drainage experiment indicated that the shortest drainage time was 23.2s when the percentage of the aid was 0.04%(wt). The retention effect of the aid was tested that the highest of the first-pass retention was 70.89% when the percentage of aid was 0.035%(wt).
Wavelength-Dependence of Exposure-Induced Fluorescent Fading
Authors: Zhao Shu Yan , Green Phil
Published: December 2010

Fluorescent whitening agents are widely used to increase the brightness and whiteness of printing paper. The fluorescence of these whitening agents is known to fall as a result of exposure to light, and the magnitude of the change has been documented in both accelerated fading tests and in exposure under more typical viewing conditions. In this study we exposed prints on optically brightened papers to narrow-band radiation at 350 nanometres, using a double monochromator. The change in spectral reflectance was found.
A Study of Optical Brightening Agents (OBA) Correction Methods
Authors: Tian Quan Hui , Chung Robert
Published: December 2010

Almost all papers contain optical brightening agents (OBA) in process color printing. The colorimetric value shifts toward larger negative b* as the amount of OBA in paper increases. Paper containing OBA creates problems in printing conformance because colorimetric aim points of the printing standards, e.g., ISO 12647, have not been updated. To correct for the measurement differences due to OBA effect, this research printed the IT8.7/4 target on paper with and without OBA under the same printing conditions, measured with a spectrophotometer including UV, and corrected printed color produced by paper with without OBA with a linear correction per ISO 13655 as well as an experimental polynomial model via regression. The results showed that the polynomial method corrects the measurement difference between paper with and without OBA better than the linear correction method. Specifically, 90% of color differences between uncorrected data are 4.5∆E76; the linear method can correct the difference to 2.8∆E76; and the polynomial method can correct the difference to less than 1.6∆E76.
Study on the Printing Performance of Coated Paper Inkjet Ink
Authors: Du Peng , Li Lu Hai , Zhao Wen , Leng Xian , Hu Xu Wei
Published: December 2010

In order to evaluate the practical application effect of the self-made water-based coated paper inkjet ink and to study the influence factors, their printing performance and the influence of the printed material for printing performance is studied. The drying time of coated paper ink and ordinary water-based inkjet ink are measured and compared. Drying process of ink droplet is recorded by video contact angle tester. It is found that the drying rate of the coated paper ink is higher than the ordinary ink and the diffusion of the ordinary ink is severe. The coated paper ink and ordinary ink are printed, and it is found that the former can get better image detail and color reproduction for the picture of human’s face and inanimate object. The coated paper ink can also obtain a better reproduction of tone levels. Coated paper inkjet ink is printed on different coated papers, and the color densities are measured through red, green and blue color filter. The color strength and hue error are obtained to evaluate the color characteristics on different papers. It is concluded that the coated paper inkjet ink can obtain better color on the Henglian gloss coated paper, Sunbrite gloss coated paper and SPCO matt coated paper.
Uncertainty Evaluation of Spectral Color Measurement
Authors: Wan Xiao Xia , Huang Xin Guo , Liu Zhen
Published: December 2010

Uncertainty evaluation of spectral color measurement is the best method of evaluation of color measurement result’s quality. Firstly type A and type B uncertainty of spectral reflectance are analyzed based on different uncertainty's sources, secondly uncertainty of chromaticity parameters are calculated based on spectral reflectance’s uncertainty. Lastly practicability of uncertainty evaluation of spectral color measurement is proved by experiments.
Research on the Mathematical Model and Air-Drying Mechanism of Water-Based Ink
Authors: Jia Chun Jiang , Chen Guang Xue , Li Xiao Zhou
Published: December 2010

At present, we are taking more and more attention on environment protecting, food and medicine safety, and more researching and applying on green printing and packaging technique has been done abroad. Around these, water-based ink has been accepted by the market step by step, but the printing press on this area still with some problems: Lower drying efficiency and lower printing speed. To solve these problems, we analysis the hot-air drying process based on model Logarithmic. We suppose the experiment environment as follow: the temperature is 50°C, the hot air speed is 6m/s, meanwhile we suppose the experiment keep to second Fick-law: The liquid equally distributing around the solid at the beginning; during the drying process, the diffusing modulus keep steady; the resistance of external diathermanous medium is ignored and keep linear diffuse. Under this experimental condition, we record the data about the volume of liquid in the solid during the process, and then analyze the data by the software SPSS, we evaluate the model by the square of relating parameters, and then revise the model so that it can keep the same with the drying process. The model can forecast the drying rate of the water-based ink. This model can supply basal dada for the designing work of water-based ink; at the same time, it has actively influence on speedup the printing press.