bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Virtual Celebrities for Fashion Branding in China
Authors: Lan Cheung Fanny Sau , Leung Wing-Fai , Wa Cheung Cherry Cheuk
Published: May 2023

Luxury fashion brands heavily use celebrity endorsements for promotion. However, there are risks that a real-person celebrity may trigger controversial issues which may negatively affect the endorsed brand. Virtual influencers look very close to real people thanks to development of technology. Thus marketers have an opportunity to adopt virtual celebrities instead of real-person celebrities to avoid risks of scandals caused by human beings. It is of interest to find out whether virtual celebrities have similar influencing effect as realperson celebrities over customers’ purchase decision in the fashion industry? Will customers’ attitude and perceptions towards both types of celebrities the same? Will virtual celebrities replace real-person celebrities? As Gucci and LV adopt both real-person celebrities and virtual celebrities, we use video ads of Gucci and photo ads of LV for comparison. The results show that virtual celebrities may still lag behind real-person celebrities from the perspectives of a modified customer action model and characteristics of celebrities. However, the appearance of meta-human virtual celebrities and enhancing recognition of virtual celebrities may help improve the effectiveness of virtual celebrities.
The Expansion Risk of Micro-crime and the Construction of Governance System in China from the Perspective of Criminal Integration -- Taking the Drunk Driving Type Dangerous Driving Crime as an Example
Authors: Deng Yiyang
Published: May 2023

In recent years, under the guidance of the active view of criminal law, the risk of the continuous expansion of criminal law to punish micro-crimes has been further highlighted. This trend, while increasing the guarantee of legal interests, has also brought some negative effects. Among them, the most typical is the judicial application of drunk dangerous driving crime, which is mainly manifested as follows: the number of cases is huge, the judicial cost increases significantly; the discretion standard is not uniform, leading to judicial injustice; the scope of the crime is too wide, and the criminal consequences are too heavy. To this end, it is necessary to give full play to the initiative of the judicial organs, activate the application of the “proviso” clause and clarify the scope of non-prosecution, and realize the appropriate restriction of the judicial disposal; continuously optimize the dual punishment mechanism in China, explore the elimination mechanism of the criminal record of micro crimes and strengthen the legal publicity. The prosecution of micro crimes should be strictly controlled from the substantive and procedural aspects, the path of micro crimes should be improved, and the governance system of micro crimes should be constructed, so as to reflect the criminal policy of combining mercy with severity, and constantly improve the social governance effect of criminal justice.
How often do we need offset stems for revision total knee arthroplasty? About a consecutive series of 789 knees
Authors: Vasiliadis Angelo V. , Lording Timothy , Canetti Robin , Servien Elvire , Lustig Sébastien , Batailler Cécile
Published: May 2023

Introduction: This study aimed to determine the incidence of offset stem usage in revision total knee arthroplasty (rTKA), and to assess the necessity for their use with the femoral and tibial components. Methods: This retrospective radiological study included 862 patients who underwent rTKA between 2010 and 2022. Patients were divided into a non-stem group (group NS), offset stem group (group OS), and straight stem group (group SS). Two senior orthopedic surgeons evaluated all the post-operative radiographs of the group OS to assess the necessity of offset use. Results: In total, 789 patients met all eligibility inclusion criteria and were reviewed (305 males (38.7%)) with a mean age of 72.7 ± 10.2 years old [39; 96]. Eighty-eight (11.1%) patients had undergone rTKA with offset stems (34 tibia, 31 femur, 24 both) and 609 (70.2%) with straight stems. The tibial and femoral stems were diaphyseal of over 75 mm in 83 revisions (94.3%) for group OS and 444 revisions (72.9%) for group SS (p < 0.001). Offset in the tibial component was located medially in 50% of rTKA, while the offset in the femoral component was placed anteriorly in 47.3% of the rTKA. Assessment by the two independent senior surgeons found stems were only necessary in 3.4% of cases. Offset stems were only required for the tibial implant. Discussion: Offset stems were used in 11.1% of revision total knee replacements, however, they were deemed necessary in 3.4% and for the tibial component only.
Mechanical Dilation of the Recipient Vessel with the DeBakey Vascular Dilator in Lower Extremity Reconstruction: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Seo Min-Gi , Kim Tae-Gon
Published: May 2023

In lower extremity reconstruction, the recipient vessel often requires long-range mechanical dilation because of extensive vasospasm or plaque formation induced by concomitant atherosclerosis. While a forceps dilator can be used to manipulate and dilate vessels approximately 1 cm from their end, a DeBakey vascular dilator can dilate long-range vessels. The authors successfully performed free flap reconstruction of the lower extremity using the DeBakey vascular dilator. Of the two patients who underwent lower extremity reconstruction, one had extensive vasospasm, and the other had plaques in the recipient arteries. Irrigation with 4% lidocaine and dilation of the lumen with a forceps dilator were insufficient to restore the normal arterial blood flow. Instead, a DeBakey vascular dilator with a 1-mm diameter tip was gently inserted into the lumen. Then, to overcome vessel resistance, the dilator gently advanced approximately 10 cm to dilate the recipient artery. Normal arterial blood flow was gushed out after dilating the vessel lumen using a DeBakey vascular dilator. The vascular anastomosis was performed, and intravenous heparin 5000 IU was administered immediately after anastomosis. Prophylactic low-molecular-weight-heparin (Clexane, 1 mg/kg) was administered subcutaneously to both patients for 14 days. The reconstructed flap survived without necrosis in either patient.
The Nasal Endoscopic Features of Postnasal Drip: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Tarmizi Nur Eliana , Hamizan Aneeza Wan , Ng Chong Sian , Gendeh Hardip Singh , Guan Lum Sai , Zahedi Farah Dayana , Baki Marina Mat , Husain Salina
Published: May 2023

Introduction Patients with chronic rhinitis suffer from postnasal drip (PND) but this symptom is not well addressed. Nasal endoscopy may aid in identifying PND. Well described endoscopic features of PND are presence of secretions in the posterior nasal cavity, diffuse erythema, and hemorrhagic spots in the nasopharynx, but these have not been formally studied.

Objectives The present study aims to assess the association of nasal endoscopic features with PND among rhinitis patients. This will guide clinicians to interpret the nasal endoscopic findings appropriately.

Methods Adults (≥ 18 years old) with chronic rhinitis were consecutively recruited at an Otorhinolaryngology outpatient clinic in a tertiary referral center. The patients were grouped into either “Rhinitis with PND” or “Rhinitis only.” The endoscopic features of PND were scored as: Secretions in the posterior nasal cavity (yes/no), erythema in the nasopharynx (none, roof only, diffuse), hemorrhagic spots (yes/no), then were compared between groups.

Results There were 98 patients included (age 32.32 ± 11.33 years old, 61.2% female, 61.2% PND). Presence of secretions in the posterior nasal cavity was associated with PND (“Rhinitis with PND” versus “Rhinitis only,” 78.3 versus 55.3; p = 0.02; Odds ratio: 2.81; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08–7.32). Diffuse erythema of the nasopharynx was more frequent in “rhinitis only” compared with those with PND (76.3 versus 53.3%; p = 0.02). Hemorrhagic spots were equally present in both groups (11.7 versus 18.4%; p = 0.35).

Conclusion Presence of secretions in the posterior nasal cavity may indicate bothersome PND among patients with rhinitis. Diffuse erythema of the nasopharynx and hemorrhagic spots are a nonspecific sign of inflammation.
Degenerative Spondylolisthesis of Lumbarized S1-S2 Vertebrae: A Case Report
Authors: Singh Deepak Kumar , Sinha Kshitij , Singh Rakesh Kumar , Chand Vipin Kumar , Singh Arun Kumar
Published: May 2023

Introduction Degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS) is usually seen at lumbo-sacral region. Lumbarization of S1 is seen in less than 2% of the population and to have spondylolisthesis in this segment is even rarer. The purpose is to report a rare case of DS at S1-S2 level.

Case Report A 52-year-old male, a farmer by profession, presented to Neurosurgery outpatient department with complaint of low back ache for 4 years, which was insidious and progressive. The pain radiated to both lower limbs with more on right than left side. Radiological evaluation with anteroposterior and lateral roentgenogram of lumbo-sacral spine revealed anterolisthesis of S1-S2 (Meyerding's grade 2). Magnetic resonance imaging reported S1-S2 disk bulge with bilateral foraminal stenosis. The patient underwent S1 laminectomy along with S1-S2 discectomy with bilateral S1 and S2 pedicle screws and rod fixation with transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion.

Result Postoperative recovery was good with improvement in back pain along with power on postoperative day 1.

Conclusion The prevalence of lumbarization is less than 2% and getting spondylolisthesis in this segment is even rarer. As this is one of the first of its kind of case, further case series or longitudinal studies of such cases may help understand better the pathomechanics related to spondylolisthesis at this level.
A Child with KMT2B-Related Acute-Onset Dystonia: Clinical Pointers to Molecular Diagnosis
Authors: Singh Ankur , Sucheta Sucheta , Abhinay Abhishek , Prasad Rajniti
Published: May 2023

Dystonia is common extrapyramidal presentation of neurological problems in childhood. The causes could range from infectious, autoimmune, drug-induced, or genetic in origin. Genetic causes are rare in origin but could masquerade the common causes. Recently, KMT2B-related dystonia has been identified as a common genetic cause of dystonia in childhood. We present a case of a 3.5-year-old with 18 months of follow-up, who was diagnosed with KMT2B-related dystonia and managed with antidystonia drugs to an acceptable level where she could perform her day-to-day work with ease. Here, we highlight certain clinical pointers of the disease and the need of special genetic test in diagnosing such cases. We also tabulated the three previously reported Indian cases and compared their parameter with ours.
Use of dry-matter intake recorded at multiple time periods during lactation increases the accuracy of genomic prediction for dry-matter intake and residual feed intake in dairy cattle
Authors: Bolormaa Sunduimijid , Haile-Mariam Mekonnen , Marett Leah C. , Miglior Filippo , Baes Christine F. , Schenkel Flavio S. , Connor Erin E. , Manzanilla-Pech Coralia I. V. , Wall Eileen , Coffey Mike P. , Goddard Michael E. , MacLeod Iona M. , Pryce Jennie E.
Published: May 2023

Context Feed is the largest expense on a dairy farm, therefore improving feed efficiency is important. Recording dry-matter intake (DMI) is a prerequisite for calculating feed efficiency. Genetic variation of feed intake and feed efficiency varies across lactation stages and parities. DMI is an expensive and difficult-to-measure trait. This raises the question of which time periods during lactation would be most appropriate to measure DMI. Aims The aim was to evaluate whether sequence variants selected from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for DMI recorded at multiple lactation time periods and parities would increase the accuracy of genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs) for DMI and residual feed intake (RFI). Methods Data of 2274 overseas lactating cows were used for the GWAS to select sequence variants. GWAS was performed using the average of the DMI phenotypes in a 30-day window of six different time periods across the lactation. The most significant sequence variants were selected from the GWAS at each time period for either first or later parities. GEBVs for DMI and RFI in Australian lactating cows were estimated using BayesRC with 50 k single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and selected GWAS sequence variants. Key results There were differences in DMI genomic correlations and heritabilities between first and later parities and within parity across lactation time periods. Compared with using 50 k single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) only, the accuracy of DMI GEBVs increased by up to 11% by using the 50 k SNPs plus the selected sequence variants. Compared with DMI, the increase in accuracy for RFI was lower (by 6%) likely because the sequence variants were selected from GWAS for DMI not RFI. The accuracies for DMI and RFI GEBVs were highest by using selected sequence variants from the DMI GWAS in the mid- to late-lactation periods in later parity. Conclusions Our results showed that DMI phenotypes in late lactation time periods could capture more genetic variation and increase genomic prediction accuracy through the use of custom genotype panels in genomic selection. Implications Collecting DMI at the optimal time period(s) of lactation may help develop more accurate and cost-effective breeding values for feed efficiency in dairy cattle.
New Zealand hospice staff perspectives on ‘Xcellent Gowns’ for big bodied palliative care patients: a qualitative study
Authors: Phillips Jazmin , Wood Emily , Loveard Tanya , McKinlay Eileen , MacDonald Carol , Parker George , Gray Lesley
Published: May 2023

Introduction A handful of reports detail efforts to redesign traditional hospital gowns to address common concerns related to patient comfort and privacy for big bodied patients. Results suggest that improving gown design has the potential to improve both the patient and carer experience and satisfaction of care. Aim This study aimed to ascertain the utility of gowns purposely designed for big bodied patients (named Xcellent Gowns) from a staff perspective. Methods Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted in 2022 with 14 hospice staff members. Interview transcripts were uploaded to DedooseTM. Data were analysed utilising reflexive thematic analysis according to a six-phase process including data familiarisation, iterative data coding, and theme development and refinement. Results The qualitative analysis of the interview data identified four main themes: (1) the gown experience, (2) fit-for-purpose, (3) love and dignity, (4) design principles. Each theme is presented and discussed with illustrative quotes from participants’ interview transcripts. Discussion The perspectives of the staff participants in this study confirm research findings from other healthcare settings, that the patient and carer experience may be improved through focused redesign of this vital item of patient clothing.
Four new Solenogastres (Mollusca, Aplacophora) from the South China Sea and paraphyly of Proneomeniidae Simroth, 1893
Authors: Cobo M. Carmen , McLaughlin Emily L. , Kocot Kevin M.
Published: May 2023

Solenogastres and Caudofoveata (Aplacophora) remain some of the least known molluscs, despite ubiquity in the marine environment and importance in understanding molluscan evolution. The use of new morphological techniques and development of DNA barcode libraries have helped make specimen identification easier. However, for solenogasters, using histology for identification and adequate description of species remains necessary in most cases. This, together with the facts that knowledge about solenogaster species distributions is biased and that most species were described from one or very few individuals, explains why many open questions about the actual distribution, intra- and interspecific variability, etc., remain. We performed an integrative taxonomic study of eight specimens of solenogasters from the South China Sea (West Pacific Ocean) thatresulted in the identification of four new species of Proneomeniidae. Species identification and description following the established diagnostic characters were straightforward. However, phylogenetic analysis of molecular data obtained from these specimens and other members of Proneomeniidae indicate that the family is polyphyletic. We recovered representatives of two other families, Epimeniidae (Epimenia) and Strophomeniidae (Anamenia), nested within Proneomeniidae with strong support. Ancestral character state reconstruction indicates that characters commonly used in solenogaster taxonomy, such as the radula and foregut glands, may be more evolutionarily labile in this group than previously known. Therefore our work fills knowledge gaps regarding the diversity and distribution of members of this family but raises important questions about solenogaster taxonomy and systematics that should be further assessed with additional markers and broader taxon sampling. ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:BCADACD6-9AD0-442A-AD64-031BA8D88599
Syphilis in pregnancy: a qualitative investigation of healthcare provider perspectives on barriers to syphilis screening during pregnancy in south-east Queensland
Authors: Warzywoda Sarah , Fowler James A. , Nourse Clare , Wu Mandy , Britton Sumudu , Rowling Diane , Griffin Paul , Lazarou Mattea , Hamilton Zoe , Dean Judith A.
Published: May 2023

Background Increasing rates of syphilis in pregnancy (SiP) in Australia and other high-income countries, has led to the resurgence of congenital syphilis. Suboptimal syphilis screening during pregnancy has been identified as a key contributing factor. Methods This study aimed to explore, from the perspective of multidisciplinary healthcare providers (HCPs), the barriers to optimal screening during the antenatal care (ANC) pathway. Semi-structured interviews conducted with 34 HCPs across multiple disciplines practising in south-east Queensland (SEQ) were analysed through a process of reflexive thematic analysis. Results Barriers were found to occur at the system level of ANC, through difficulties in patient engagement in care, limitations in the current model of health care delivery and limitations in the communication pathways across health care disciplines; and at the individual HCP level, through HCP knowledge and awareness of epidemiological changes in syphilis in SEQ, and adequately assessing patient risk. Conclusion It is imperative that the healthcare systems and HCPs involved in ANC address these barriers to improve screening in order to optimise management of women and prevent congenital syphilis cases in SEQ.
4f photoabsorption in Pt+ to Pt4+
Authors: Doyle Eric , O’Sullivan Gerry , Hayden Patrick , Dunne Padraig
Published: May 2023

Detailed knowledge of the inner-shell atomic structure of lowly-ionised species is lacking for most elements along the sixth row of the periodic table, from hafnium to bismuth. This paper presents 4f-photoabsorption spectra of Pt+ to Pt4+ ions, recorded between 69 and 127 eV (9.8 nm and 18 nm) using the dual laser plasma method. Analysis of the spectra was supported by atomic structure calculations using the Cowan suite of codes, by relativistic time-dependent local-density approximation (RTDLDA) calculations, and by comparison along isoelectronic series, particularly with spectra of lowly-ionised gold plasmas. The RTDLDA calculations account for the influence of photoionisation and photoexcitation on the recorded spectra. The spectra show 4f

→

5d, 6d, and 7d transitions, broadened by autoionisation.
Painlevé integrability and a collection of new wave structures related to an important model in shallow water waves
Authors: Murtaza Isma Ghulam , Raza Nauman , Arshed Saima
Published: May 2023

This paper investigates the perturbed Boussinesq equation that emerges in shallow water waves. The perturbed Boussinesq equation describes the properties of longitudinal waves in bars, long water waves, plasma waves, quantum mechanics, acoustic waves, nonlinear optics, and other phenomena. As a result, the governing model has significant importance in its own right. The singular manifold method and the unified methods are employed in the proposed model for extracting hyperbolic, trigonometric, and rational function solutions. These solutions may be useful in determining the underlying context of the physical incidents. It is worth noting that the executed methods are skilled and effective for examining nonlinear evaluation equations, compatible with computer algebra, and provide a wide range of wave solutions. In addition to this, the Painlevé test is also used to check the integrability of the governing model. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional plots are made to illustrate the physical behavior of the newly obtained exact solutions. This makes the study of exact solutions to other nonlinear evaluation equations using the singular manifold method and unified technique prospective and deserving of further study.
Higher-dimensional integrable deformations of the modified KdV equation
Authors: Hao Xiazhi , Lou S Y
Published: May 2023

The derivation of nonlinear integrable evolution partial differential equations in higher dimensions has always been the holy grail in the field of integrability. The well-known modified KdV equation is a prototypical example of an integrable evolution equation in one spatial dimension. Do there exist integrable analogs of the modified KdV equation in higher spatial dimensions? In what follows, we present a positive answer to this question. In particular, rewriting the (1+1)-dimensional integrable modified KdV equation in conservation forms and adding deformation mappings during the process allows one to construct higher-dimensional integrable equations. Further, we illustrate this idea with examples from the modified KdV hierarchy and also present the Lax pairs of these higher-dimensional integrable evolution equations.
The Way to Quench: Galaxy Evolution in A2142
Authors: Qu Cheng-Gong , Yu Heng , Diaferio Antonaldo , Sohn Jubee , Liu DengQi
Published: May 2023

We show how the star formation activity of galaxies is progressively inhibited from the outer region to the center of the massive cluster A2142. From an extended spectroscopic redshift survey of 2239 galaxies covering a circular area of radius ∼11 Mpc from the cluster center, we extract a sample of 333 galaxies with known stellar mass, star formation rate, and spectral index D

n
4000. We use the Blooming Tree algorithm to identify the substructures of the cluster and separate the galaxy sample into substructure galaxies, halo galaxies, and outskirt galaxies. The substructure and halo galaxies are cluster members, whereas the outskirt galaxies are only weakly gravitationally bound to the cluster. For the cluster members, the star formation rate per stellar mass decreases with decreasing distance R from the cluster center. Similarly, the spectral index D

n
4000 increases with R, indicating an increasing average age of the stellar population in galaxies closer to the cluster center. In addition, star formation in substructure galaxies is generally more active than in halo galaxies and less active than in outskirt galaxies, proving that substructures tend to slow down the transition between field galaxies and cluster galaxies. We finally show that most actively star-forming galaxies are within the cluster infall region, whereas most galaxies in the central region are quiescent.
Phased Array Feed Experiments and Galactic H i Observations
Authors: Liu B. , Xi H. W. , Ding D. J. , Wang Z. W. , Yu S. H. , Zhu Y. , Yu L. , Zhang X. , Li J. L. , Liu L. J. , Su Q. , Wu Y. , Jin C. J. , Peng B.
Published: May 2023

The Phased Array Feed (PAF) is considered as one of the next generation receivers for radio telescopes, which can significantly enlarge the instantaneous Field-of-View of large aperture single dish radio telescopes and enable more flexible observing configurations. Study efforts on PAF development for radio telescopes have been made for more than two decades and have become more and more applicable. We report the development of an ambient-temperature 19 element L-band PAF system and the experimental results including its far field beam pattern and system temperature measurement, which achieve the expectations. Implementing the aperture array beam-forming method, we demonstrate a wide-field Galactic H i observations in the radio camera mode. The results indicate that this system might be applicable for strong Galactic transient detections. This system could be directly equipped to large telescopes like the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) and FAST array in the future.
Fall-risk-increasing drugs in older patients: the role of guidelines and GP-centred health care in Germany
Authors: Laux Gunter , Kaufmann-Kolle Petra , Szecsenyi Joachim , Altiner Attila , Leutgeb Ruediger
Published: May 2023

Background

fall-risk-increasing drugs (FRIDs) are a ubiquitous issue, especially for older patients. As part of a German guideline for pharmacotherapy, from 2019, a new quality indicator for this patient group was developed to measure the percentage of patients receiving FRIDs.

Methods

patients, aged at least 65 years in 2020, insured by the Allgemeine OrtsKrankenkasse statutory health insurance (Allgemeine Ortskrankenkasse, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany) with a particular general practitioner (GP) were observed from 1 January to 31 December 2020 cross-sectionally. The intervention group received GP-centred health care. Within GP-centred health care, GPs have the role of gatekeepers for patients within the health system and are—in contrast to regular care GPs in addition to other commitments—obliged to regularly attend training sessions on appropriate pharmacotherapy. The control group received regular GP care. For both groups, we measured the percentage of patients receiving FRIDs as well as the occurrence of (fall-related) fractures as the main outcomes. To test our hypotheses, we performed multivariable regression modelling.

Results

a total of 634,317 patients were eligible for analysis. Within the intervention group (n = 422,364), we could observe a significantly reduced odds ratio (OR) for obtaining a FRID (OR = 0.842, confidence interval [CI]: [0.826, 0.859], P < 0.0001) in comparison to the control group (n = 211,953). Moreover, we could observe a significantly reduced chance for (fall-related) fractures in the intervention group (OR: 0.932, CI: [0.889, 0.975], P = 0.0071).

Conclusions

the findings point in the direction that the health care providers’ awareness of the potential danger of FRIDs for older patients is higher in the GP-centred care group.
Does frailty status predict outcome in major trauma in older people? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Alqarni Abdullah G , Gladman John R F , Obasi Akanu A , Ollivere Benjamin
Published: May 2023

Introduction

The incidence of major trauma in older people is increasing. Frailty is likely to be a factor that influences the outcomes of trauma. We conducted a systematic review aiming to investigate whether frailty affects major trauma outcomes in older people and whether it is more predictive than age.

Methods

Observational studies investigating frailty, major trauma severity and outcomes were eligible. We searched electronic databases (Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, Ovid EMBASE and CINAHL) from 2010 to 01 January 2023. We used Joanna Briggs Institute software to assess the risk of bias and conduct meta-analyses of the relationships between frailty status and outcomes. We used a narrative synthesis to compare the predictive value of frailty and age.

Results

Twelve studies were eligible for meta-analyses. In-hospital mortality (odds ratio (OR) = 1.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05, 1.19), length of stay (OR = 2.04, 95% CI 1.51, 2.56), discharge to home (OR = 0.58, 95% CI 0.53, 0.63) and in-hospital complications (OR = 1.17, 95% CI 1.10, 1.24) were all associated with frailty. Frailty was found to be a more consistent predictor of adverse outcomes and mortality in older trauma patients than injury severity and age in six studies that reported multivariate regression analysis.

Discussion

Older trauma patients with frailty have higher in-hospital mortality rates, prolonged hospital stays, in-hospital complications and adverse discharge disposition. Frailty is a better predictor of adverse outcomes than age in these patients. Frailty status is likely to be a useful prognostic variable in guiding patient management and stratifying clinical benchmarks and research trials.
Lysosomal polygenic risk is associated with the severity of neuropathology in Lewy body disease
Authors: Tunold Jon-Anders , Tan Manuela M X , Koga Shunsuke , Geut Hanneke , Rozemuller Annemieke J M , Valentino Rebecca , Sekiya Hiroaki , Martin Nicholas B , Heckman Michael G , Bras Jose , Guerreiro Rita , Dickson Dennis W , Toft Mathias , van de Berg Wilma D J , Ross Owen A , Pihlstrøm Lasse
Published: May 2023

Intraneuronal accumulation of misfolded α-synuclein is the pathological hallmark of Parkinson’s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies, often co-occurring with variable degrees of Alzheimer’s disease related neuropathology. Genetic association studies have successfully identified common variants associated with disease risk and phenotypic traits in Lewy body disease, yet little is known about the genetic contribution to neuropathological heterogeneity.

Using summary statistics from Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease genome-wide association studies, we calculated polygenic risk scores and investigated the relationship with Lewy, amyloid-β and tau pathology. Associations were nominated in neuropathologically defined samples with Lewy body disease from the Netherlands Brain Bank (n = 217) and followed up in an independent sample series from the Mayo Clinic Brain Bank (n = 394). We also generated stratified polygenic risk scores based on single-nucleotide polymorphisms annotated to eight functional pathways or cell types previously implicated in Parkinson’s disease and assessed for association with Lewy pathology in subgroups with and without significant Alzheimer’s disease co-pathology.

In an ordinal logistic regression model, the Alzheimer’s disease polygenic risk score was associated with concomitant amyloid-β and tau pathology in both cohorts. Moreover, both cohorts showed a significant association between lysosomal pathway polygenic risk and Lewy pathology, which was more consistent than the association with a general Parkinson’s disease risk score and specific to the subset of samples without significant concomitant Alzheimer’s disease related neuropathology.

Our findings provide proof of principle that the specific risk alleles a patient carries for Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease also influence key aspects of the underlying neuropathology in Lewy body disease. The interrelations between genetic architecture and neuropathology are complex, as our results implicate lysosomal risk loci specifically in the subset of samples without Alzheimer’s disease co-pathology. Our findings hold promise that genetic profiling may help predict the vulnerability to specific neuropathologies in Lewy body disease, with potential relevance for the further development of precision medicine in these disorders.
When local business faded away: the uneven impact of Airbnb on the geography of economic activities
Authors: Hidalgo Alberto , Riccaboni Massimo , Velazquez Francisco J
Published: May 2023

This paper investigates the unequal effect of Airbnb on the spatial organisation of economic activity in Madrid, Spain. Using establishment-level data from Madrid City Council and consumer-facing information from this short-term rental company, we find that Airbnb reshapes the urban space by encouraging tourist-oriented businesses, defined as businesses where tourists spend more than locals, at the expense of businesses primarily oriented to locals. These findings prove that short-term rentals do displace not only the local population but also resident-oriented businesses. Ultimately, our findings remain solid regardless of how we measure short-term rental activity and are not influenced by the growth of e-commerce or gentrification.
A case report of rapid diagnosis of atrial–oesophageal fistula by transthoracic echocardiogram with agitated saline injection
Authors: Galante Ori , Braiman Dana , Haim Moti , Kobal Sergio L
Published: May 2023

Background

Catheter ablation is a common treatment for atrial fibrillation (AF). Atrial–oesophageal fistula (AOF) is a rare yet fatal complication of catheter ablation. Chest computed tomography (CT) is the diagnostic modality of choice but may be undiagnostic in up to 24% of cases.

Case summary

We present the case of a 61-year-old male who presented with pleuritic chest pain, hypotension, fever, and coffee-ground emesis 20 days after cryoablation for AF. His chest CT was undiagnostic. Atrial–oesophageal fistula was diagnosed by injecting agitated saline into the nasogastric tube during a transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) that showed bubbles in the left atrium and ventricle.

Discussion

In the case presented, as often happens, the diagnosis of AOF was delayed for several days, during which the patient presented with septic shock and concomitant multiorgan failure. The high mortality rate associated with AOF is partially attributable to delayed diagnosis. As prompt surgical intervention offers the best chance of survival, a high level of suspicion is of the utmost importance. We suggest contrast-enhanced TTE as a potential diagnostic tool when a rapid and definitive diagnosis is crucial and CT is inconclusive. Since this procedure is not without risk, proper risk consideration and management are necessary.
Three stakeholders’ reflections on language assessment literacy
Authors: Lee Jiyoon , Goldenberg Natalia , Williams Debby Pastrana
Published: May 2023

This reflective action research documents the mutual learning experiences of three education stakeholders as they construct their language assessment literacy (LAL). A teacher educator, an inservice teacher, and a preservice teacher were the three stakeholders who took part in a project on language assessment development for ESOL students at a public school in the United States. In this project, with the help of inservice ESOL teachers, preservice ESOL teachers designed and implemented listening and writing assessments for local middle school ESOL students. During and after the project, one of the participating inservice teachers, one preservice teacher, and the teacher educator voluntarily participated in extended reflective practices via email communications, on-site visits, and pre- and post-project discussions. All stakeholders perceived the collaboration as a mutual learning experience to enhance their LAL while sharing their respective expertise.
Damaraland mole-rats do not rely on helpers for reproduction or survival
Authors: Thorley Jack , Bensch Hanna M , Finn Kyle , Clutton-Brock Tim , Zöttl Markus
Published: May 2023

In eusocial invertebrates and obligate cooperative breeders, successful reproduction is dependent on assistance from non-breeding group members. Although naked (Heterocephalus glaber) and Damaraland mole-rats (Fukomys damarensis) are often described as eusocial and their groups are suggested to resemble those of eusocial insects more closely than groups of any other vertebrate, the extent to which breeding individuals benefit from the assistance of non-breeding group members is unclear. Here we show that, in wild Damaraland mole-rats, prospective female breeders usually disperse and settle alone in new burrow systems where they show high survival rates and remain in good body condition—often for several years—before being joined by males. In contrast to many obligate cooperative vertebrates, pairs reproduced successfully without non-breeding helpers, and the breeding success of experimentally formed pairs was similar to that of larger, established groups. Though larger breeding groups recruited slightly more pups than smaller groups, adult survival was independent of group size and group size had mixed effects on the growth of non-breeders. Our results suggest that Damaraland mole-rats do not need groups to survive and that cooperative breeding in the species is not obligate as pairs can—and frequently do—reproduce without the assistance of helpers. While re-emphasizing the importance of ecological constraints on dispersal in social mole-rats, the mixed effects of group size in our study suggest that indirect benefits accrued through cooperative behavior may have played a less prominent role in the evolution of mole-rat group-living than previously thought.
Linking genetic and environmental factors through marker effect networks to understand trait plasticity
Authors: Della Coletta Rafael , Liese Sharon E , Fernandes Samuel B , Mikel Mark A , Bohn Martin O , Lipka Alexander E , Hirsch Candice N
Published: May 2023

Understanding how plants adapt to specific environmental changes and identifying genetic markers associated with phenotypic plasticity can help breeders develop plant varieties adapted to a rapidly changing climate. Here, we propose the use of marker effect networks as a novel method to identify markers associated with environmental adaptability. These marker effect networks are built by adapting commonly used software for building gene coexpression networks with marker effects across growth environments as the input data into the networks. To demonstrate the utility of these networks, we built networks from the marker effects of ∼2,000 nonredundant markers from 400 maize hybrids across 9 environments. We demonstrate that networks can be generated using this approach, and that the markers that are covarying are rarely in linkage disequilibrium, thus representing higher biological relevance. Multiple covarying marker modules associated with different weather factors throughout the growing season were identified within the marker effect networks. Finally, a factorial test of analysis parameters demonstrated that marker effect networks are relatively robust to these options, with high overlap in modules associated with the same weather factors across analysis parameters. This novel application of network analysis provides unique insights into phenotypic plasticity and specific environmental factors that modulate the genome.
Immovable objects? Impediments to a UN Security Council resolution on climate change
Authors: McDonald Matt
Published: May 2023

The security implications of climate change are increasingly acknowledged in academic scholarship and in national security strategy documents. Climate change has also increasingly featured in UN Security Council (UNSC) debates since the first discussion of this topic in 2007. However, the UNSC has yet to agree a resolution formally recognizing its own role in addressing the implications of climate change for international security; a draft resolution on this issue was voted down in late 2021. Examining the statements and contours of 2021 debates preceding this vote, this article points to fundamental impediments to such a resolution, with the position of opponents (Russia, China and India) suggesting intractable obstacles linked to different visions of world order. While opponents' stated concerns about the UNSC's role in addressing climate change find some support in existing scholarship, the authenticity of claims made by opponents is called into question by the internal inconsistency of these arguments, the gap between stated concerns and foreign policy in other contexts, and the broader foreign policy interests and identities of these states. These factors present key impediments not simply to a UNSC resolution, but arguably to international action consistent with the urgency of the climate crisis.
Parameter estimation and velocity signal extraction for one-dimensional wave equation with harmonic corrupted boundary observation
Authors: Huang Shuangxi , Jin Feng-Fei
Published: May 2023

In this paper, we consider parameter estimation and velocity signal extraction from a disturbed boundary velocity signal for an unstable wave equation. Firstly, an adaptive observer is designed based on the boundary displacement and the corrupted boundary velocity. Then the design of the feedback law adopts the backstepping method of infinite dimensional system. Finally, as time approaches infinity, the estimated parameters converge to the unknown parameters, the initial value disturbance can be obtained, and the velocity signal can be asymptotically recovered. Meanwhile, the asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system can be proved by $C_{0}$-semigroup theory and Lyapunov method. Numerical simulation shows that the proposed scheme is reasonable.
Burden of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in the European Union: estimation of RSV-associated hospitalizations in children under 5 years
Authors: Del Riccio Marco , Spreeuwenberg Peter , Osei-Yeboah Richard , Johannesen Caroline K , Fernandez Liliana Vazquez , Teirlinck Anne C , Wang Xin , Heikkinen Terho , Bangert Mathieu , Caini Saverio , Campbell Harry , Paget John ,   the RESCEU Investigators, NAIR Harish , CAMPBELL Harry , Beutels Philippe , Bont Louis , Pollard Andrew , Openshaw Peter , Martinon-Torres Federico , Heikkinen Terho , Meijer Adam , Fischer Thea K , van den Berge Maarten , Giaquinto Carlo , Abram Michael , Swanson Kena , Rizkalla Bishoy , Vernhes Charlotte , Gallichan Scott , Aerssens Jeroen , Kumar Veena , Molero Eva
Published: May 2023

Background

No overall estimate of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-associated hospitalizations in children aged under 5 years has been published for the European Union (EU). We aimed to estimate the RSV hospitalization burden in children aged under 5 years in EU countries and Norway, by age group.

Methods

We collated national RSV-associated hospitalization estimates calculated using linear regression models via the RESCEU project for Denmark, England, Finland, Norway, the Netherlands, and Scotland, 2006–2018. Additional estimates were obtained from a systematic review. Using multiple imputation and nearest neighbor matching methods, we estimated overall RSV-associated hospitalizations and rates in the EU.

Results

Additional estimates for 2 countries (France and Spain) were found in the literature. In the EU, an average of 245 244 (95% confidence interval [CI], 224 688–265 799) yearly hospital admissions with a respiratory infection per year were associated with RSV in children aged under 5 years, with most cases occurring among children aged under 1 year (75%). Infants aged under 2 months represented the most affected group (71.6 per 1000 children; 95% CI, 66.6–76.6).

Conclusions

Our findings will help support decisions regarding prevention efforts and represent an important benchmark to understand changes in the RSV burden following the introduction of RSV immunization programs in Europe.
Estimation of the Number of Respiratory Syncytial Virus–Associated Hospitalizations in Adults in the European Union
Authors: Osei-Yeboah Richard , Spreeuwenberg Peter , Del Riccio Marco , Fischer Thea K , Egeskov-Cavling Amanda Marie , Bøås Håkon , van Boven Michiel , Wang Xin , Lehtonen Toni , Bangert Mathieu , Campbell Harry , Paget John ,   for the Respiratory Syncytial Virus Consortium in Europe (RESCEU) Investigators, Nair Harish , Campbell Harry , Beutels Philippe , Bont Louis , Pollard Andrew , Openshaw Peter , Martinon-Torres Federico , Heikkinen Terho , Meijer Adam , Fischer Thea K , van den Berge Maarten , Giaquinto Carlo , Abram Michael , Swanson Kena , Rizkalla Bishoy , Vernhes Charlotte , Gallichan Scott , Aerssens Jeroen , Kumar Veena , Molero Eva
Published: May 2023

Background

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infections in adults that can result in hospitalizations. Estimating RSV-associated hospitalization is critical for planning RSV-related healthcare across Europe.

Methods

We gathered RSV-associated hospitalization estimates from the RSV Consortium in Europe (RESCEU) for adults in Denmark, England, Finland, Norway, Netherlands, and Scotland from 2006 to 2017. We extrapolated these estimates to 28 European Union (EU) countries using nearest-neighbor matching, multiple imputations, and 2 sets of 10 indicators.

Results

On average, 158 229 (95% confidence interval [CI], 140 865–175 592) RSV-associated hospitalizations occur annually among adults in the EU (≥18 years); 92% of these hospitalizations occur in adults ≥65 years. Among 75–84 years, the annual average is estimated at 74 519 (95% CI, 69 923–79 115) at a rate of 2.24 (95% CI, 2.10–2.38) per 1000. Among ≥85 years, the annual average is estimated at 37 904 (95% CI, 32 444–43 363) at a rate of 2.99 (95% CI, 2.56–3.42).

Conclusions

Our estimates of RSV-associated hospitalizations in adults are the first analysis integrating available data to provide the disease burden across the EU. Importantly, for a condition considered in the past to be primarily a disease of young children, the average annual hospitalization estimate in adults was lower but of a similar magnitude to the estimate in young children (0–4 years): 158 229 (95% CI, 140 865–175 592) versus 245 244 (95% CI, 224 688–265 799).
A relict subterranean spider (Araneae: Linyphiidae: Troglohyphantes) reveals a unique component of the biogeography of Corsica
Authors: Isaia Marco , Mammola Stefano , Arnedo Miquel A
Published: May 2023

Spiders of the genus Troglohyphantes (Araneae: Linyphiidae) exemplify one of the largest subterranean adaptive radiation across European mountain ranges, counting over 130 species and representing about one fifth of total species richness of cave spiders in Europe. Despite the emerging potential of Troglohyphantes as a biogeographical model, no attempt has been made to reconstruct the geological events underlying the current distribution patterns of the genus. By coupling traditional taxonomy with target gene sequence data and comparative functional trait analyses, we describe a new species of Troglohyphantes, the first reported from the island of Corsica (France). The species is characterized by a high level of subterranean adaptation and distinct morphological affinities with geographically distant congenerics. By means of time-stamped phylogenies, we tested contrasting hypotheses about the origin of the new species. The most parsimonious explanation suggests that the species diverged from an ancestral group of species originating in the Adriatic plate in the lower Miocene (~19 Ma), colonizing Corsica from the east. In the absence of relevant fossil records, the well-known geochronology of Corsica and the Western Mediterranean basin can be used in future studies to reconstruct the biogeography of the whole genus and for inferring the timeline of its diversification.
The Aesthetics of Creative Activism: Introduction
Authors: Holm Nicholas , Tilley Elspeth
Published: May 2023

In this introduction to The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism special issue on the aesthetics of creative activism, we canvas influential scholarship of political aesthetics to sculpt a broad typology of six interconnected mechanisms by which art might intervene in the world. We label these: Documentation, Disruption, Recognition, Participation, Imagination, and Beauty. Each has a compelling tradition of theory and application, augmented, extended, and sometimes challenged by the thirteen fresh and provocative contributions in the special issue. Yet, we ask, if both politically minded artists and culturally minded activists are convinced of the power of art to provoke social change, and if we live a world that by almost all measures is now saturated with politically inclined, aesthetically informed practices, interfaces, objects, and texts, why does art not seem to be making a difference? Clearly, we need to think harder about the relationships between art and action, a task the articles assembled here call upon us to take seriously.