bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of doxorubicin production in Streptomyces peucetius by genetic engineering and process optimization
Authors: Yang Songbai , Gui Jiali , Zhang Zhengyu , Tang Jiawei , Chen Shaoxin
Published: April 2024

Doxorubicin is an important class of anthracycline antitumor antibiotics produced by Streptomyces peucetius. The doxorubicin fermentation yield of the wild-type strain was very low, so it could not be produced directly by fermentation at an industrial scale due to the high cost. In the present study, S. peucetius SIPI-7-14 was obtained from SIPI-14 through several rounds of doxorubicin resistance screening. Then, the ketoreductase gene dnrU was knocked out to reduce (13S)-13-dihydrodaunorubicin production, and the resistance gene drrC was overexpressed to further enhance resistance to doxorubicin. The resulting engineered strain S. peucetius △U1/drrC produced 1128 mg/L doxorubicin, a 102.1% increase compared to that of SIPI-14. Then, fermentation medium was optimized using the response surface method. In the optimized fermentation medium, the yield of doxorubicin was increased to 1406 mg/L in shake flask on the 7th day. Furthermore, batch culture was carried out in a 10 L fermenter, and the concentration of doxorubicin reached 1461 mg/L after 7 days of culture, which was the highest yield reported to date, indicating the potential for industrial production of doxorubicin by fermentation.
Managing sepsis and septic shock in an endothelial glycocalyx-friendly way: from the viewpoint of surviving sepsis campaign guidelines
Authors: Iba Toshiaki , Maier Cheryl L. , Helms Julie , Ferrer Ricard , Thachil Jecko , Levy Jerrold H.
Published: April 2024

Maintaining tissue perfusion in sepsis depends on vascular integrity provided by the endothelial glycocalyx, the critical layer covering the luminal surface of blood vessels. The glycocalyx is composed of proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans, and functional plasma proteins that are critical for antithrombogenicity, regulating tone, controlling permeability, and reducing endothelial interactions with leukocytes and platelets. Degradation of the glycocalyx in sepsis is substantial due to thromboinflammation, and treatments for sepsis and septic shock may exacerbate endotheliopathy via additional glycocalyx injury. As a result, therapeutic strategies aimed at preserving glycocalyx integrity should be considered, including modifications in fluid volume resuscitation, minimizing catecholamine use, controlling hyperglycemia, and potential use of corticosteroids and anticoagulants. In this review, we explore treatment strategies aligned with the recommendations outlined in the Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guidelines 2021 with a special emphasis on evidence regarding glycocalyx protection.
Development of a risk prediction model for subsequent infection after colonization with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zheng Guanhao , Cai Jiaqi , Deng Han , Yang Haoyu , Xiong Wenling , Chen Erzhen , Bai Hao , He Juan
Published: April 2024

Background

Colonization of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterale (CRE) is considered as one of vital preconditions for infection, with corresponding high morbidity and mortality. It is important to construct a reliable prediction model for those CRE carriers with high risk of infection.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted in two Chinese tertiary hospitals for patients with CRE colonization from 2011 to 2021. Univariable analysis and the Fine-Gray sub-distribution hazard model were utilized to identify potential predictors for CRE-colonized infection, while death was the competing event. A nomogram was established to predict 30-day and 60-day risk of CRE-colonized infection.

Results

879 eligible patients were enrolled in our study and divided into training (n = 761) and validation (n = 118) group, respectively. There were 196 (25.8%) patients suffered from subsequent CRE infection. The median duration of subsequent infection after identification of CRE colonization was 20 (interquartile range [IQR], 14–32) days. Multisite colonization, polymicrobial colonization, catheterization and receiving albumin after colonization, concomitant respiratory diseases, receiving carbapenems and antimicrobial combination therapy before CRE colonization within 90 days were included in final model. Model discrimination and calibration were acceptable for predicting the probability of 60-day CRE-colonized infection in both training (area under the curve [AUC], 74.7) and validation dataset (AUC, 81.1). Decision-curve analysis revealed a significantly better net benefit in current model. Our prediction model is freely available online at https://ken-zheng.shinyapps.io/PredictingModelofCREcolonizedInfection/.

Conclusions

Our nomogram has a good predictive performance and could contribute to early identification of CRE carriers with a high-risk of subsequent infection, although external validation would be required.
Competitive adsorption of microRNA-532-3p by circular RNA SOD2 activates Thioredoxin Interacting Protein/NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 pathway and promotes pyroptosis of non-alcoholic fatty hepatocytes
Authors: Chen FengJuan , Xing YuFeng , Chen ZhiJie , Chen XiaoMan , Li Jie , Gong Si , Luo Fang , Cai QingXian
Published: April 2024

Objective

There is a growing body of evidence indicating that pyroptosis, a programmed cell death mechanism, plays a crucial role in the exacerbation of inflammation and fibrosis in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Circular RNAs (circRNAs), functioning as vital regulators within NAFLD, have been shown to mediate the process of cell pyroptosis. This study aims to elucidate the roles and mechanisms of circRNAs in NAFLD.

Methods

Utilizing a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced rat model for in vivo experimentation and hepatocytes treated with palmitic acid (PA) for in vitro models, we identified circular RNA SOD2 (circSOD2) as our circRNA of interest through analysis with the circMine database. The expression levels of associated genes and pyroptosis-related proteins were determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, alongside immunohistochemistry. Serum liver function markers, cellular inflammatory cytokines, malondialdehyde, lactate dehydrogenase levels, and mitochondrial membrane potential, were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, standard assay kits, or JC-1 staining. Flow cytometry was employed to detect pyroptotic cells, and lipid deposition in liver tissues was observed via Oil Red O staining. The interactions between miR-532-3p/circSOD2 and miR-532-3p/Thioredoxin Interacting Protein (TXNIP) were validated through dual-luciferase reporter assays and RNA immunoprecipitation experiments.

Results

Our findings demonstrate that, in both in vivo and in vitro NAFLD models, there was an upregulation of circSOD2 and TXNIP, alongside a downregulation of miR-532-3p. Mechanistically, miR-532-3p directly bound to the 3'-UTR of TXNIP, thereby mediating inflammation and cell pyroptosis through targeting the TXNIP/NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome signaling pathway. circSOD2 directly interacted with miR-532-3p, relieving the suppression on the TXNIP/NLRP3 signaling pathway. Functionally, the knockdown of circSOD2 or TXNIP improved hepatocyte pyroptosis; the deletion of miR-532-3p reversed the effects of circSOD2 knockdown, and the deletion of TXNIP reversed the effects of circSOD2 overexpression. Furthermore, the knockdown of circSOD2 significantly mitigated the progression of NAFLD in vivo.

Conclusion

circSOD2 competitively sponges miR-532-3p to activate the TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway, promoting pyroptosis in NAFLD.
Mendelian randomization and colocalization analysis reveal novel drug targets for myasthenia gravis
Authors: Ouyang Yuzhen , Chen Yu , Chen Kangzhi , Tang Zhenwei , Shi Guanzhong , Qu Chunrun , Zhang Kaiyue , Yang Huan
Published: April 2024

Objective

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a complex autoimmune disease affecting the neuromuscular junction with limited drug options, but the field of MG treatment recently benefits from novel biological agents. We performed a drug-targeted Mendelian randomization (MR) study to identify novel therapeutic targets of MG.

Methods

Cis-expression quantitative loci (cis-eQTL), which proxy expression levels for 2176 druggable genes, were used for MR analysis. Causal relationships between genes and disease, identified by eQTL MR analysis, were verified by comprehensive sensitivity, colocalization, and protein quantitative loci (pQTL) MR analyses. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis was also performed to extend targets, followed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to explore the serum level of drug targets in MG patients. A phenome-wide MR analysis was then performed to assess side effects with a clinical trial review assessing druggability.

Results

The eQTL MR analysis has identified eight potential targets for MG, one for early-onset MG and seven for late-onset MG. Further colocalization analyses indicated that CD226, CDC42BPB, PRSS36, and TNFSF12 possess evidence for colocalization with MG or late-onset MG. pQTL MR analyses identified the causal relations of TNFSF12 and CD226 with MG and late-onset MG. Furthermore, PPI analysis has revealed the protein interaction between TNFSF12-TNFSF13(APRIL) and TNFSF12-TNFSF13B(BLyS). Elevated TNFSF13 serum level of MG patients was also identified by ELISA experiments. This study has ultimately proposed three promising therapeutic targets (TNFSF12, TNFSF13, TNFSF13B) of MG.

Conclusions

Three drug targets associated with the BLyS/APRIL pathway have been identified. Multiple biological agents, including telitacicept and belimumab, are promising for MG therapy.
Podcasting as a form of assessment: increasing student motivation in academic English-speaking assessment
Authors: Perry Simon
Published: April 2024

This research paper explores podcasting as a viable assessment technique in current academic English language teaching pedagogy. The study was done with two 3rd-year university classes who created the podcast in groups of four as an academic English-speaking exam with the goal being to enhance the student’s intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, through self-determination theory, to assess the students’ speaking skills. Motivation is the core concept of this study, and it aligns with current trends in technology and a desire among students for speaking assignments to reflect real-world practices. Critique on the podcast as a form of academic English-speaking assessment was given in the form of questionnaire surveys and interviews with students from the selected classes, with the results presented giving evidence that podcasting is a suitable alternative method in assessing university student’s academic speaking skills. It was seen to increase motivation, enhance self-efficacy, and encourage speaking in a suitably congenial environment.
A case of enormous retroperitoneal liposarcoma with prolapse from the left inguinal canal following hernia repair
Authors: Ueda Sho , Saito Takuya , Fukami Yasuyuki , Komatsu Shunichiro , Kaneko Kenitiro , Sano Tsuyoshi
Published: April 2024

Background

Liposarcomas represent ~9.8–16% of soft tissue sarcomas, with the extremities and retroperitoneum being the primary sites of occurrence. While liposarcoma in the inguinal region is uncommon, few reported cases originate from the retroperitoneum and protrude into the scrotum through the inguinal canal. Here, we present a case of a retroperitoneal liposarcoma with prolapse from the left inguinal canal into the scrotum following hernia repair with a mesh plug.

Case presentation

A 55-year-old male patient underwent a CT scan for a suspected recurrent inguinal hernia, which revealed a sizeable adipose-dense tumor by the left kidney extruded through the left inguinal canal surrounding the scrotum. The patient had undergone mesh plug repair for a left inguinal hernia at another hospital one year ago and noticed ipsilateral inguinal swelling after the hernia repair. The patient was referred to our hospital. The tumor resection was completed with combined resection of potentially involved organs: left side colon, left kidney, and left adrenal gland. Also, complete excision of the tumor was accomplished through surgical resection of the posterior wall of the inguinal canal, the mesh plug, and the tumor extending into the scrotum. Given the nearly complete absence of the inguinal canal's posterior wall and the anterior wall’s torn state, sutures were employed to close the external obturator tenosynovitis. Additionally, the inguinal ligament was closed using a tension-free incision technique. Only a mesh was subsequently placed. The resected tumor measured 47 × 30 × 15 cm and 7.5 kg in weight. After surgical resection, a retroperitoneal liposarcoma diagnosis was established. After 2 years and 6 months following the surgical resection, no recurrence has been observed for either liposarcoma or inguinal hernia.

Conclusion

The previous inguinal hernia in this case must be a prolapse of retroperitoneal liposarcoma. Thus, it is recommended to conduct a preoperative examination, which should include a CT scan, since the presence of a fatty mass within the hernia may indicate the presence of a retroperitoneal liposarcoma. Even if a preoperative diagnosis cannot be made, a long-term prognosis can be expected if the retroperitoneal liposarcoma can be completely resected at reoperation.
Health Benefits of Different Sports: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal and Intervention Studies Including 2.6 Million Adult Participants
Authors: Oja Pekka , Memon Aamir Raoof , Titze Sylvia , Jurakic Danijel , Chen Si-Tong , Shrestha Nipun , Em Sowannry , Matolic Tena , Vasankari Tommi , Heinonen Ari , Grgic Jozo , Koski Pasi , Kokko Sami , Kelly Paul , Foster Charlie , Podnar Hrvoje , Pedisic Zeljko
Published: April 2024

Background

Several reviews have examined the health benefits of participation in specific sports, such as baseball, cricket, cross-country skiing, cycling, downhill skiing, football, golf, judo, rugby, running and swimming. However, new primary studies on the topic have recently been published, and the respective meta-analytic evidence needs to be updated.

Objectives

To systematically review, summarise and appraise evidence on physical health benefits of participation in different recreational sports.

Methods

Searches for journal articles were conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, SpoLit, SPORTDiscus, Sports Medicine & Education Index and Web of Science. We included longitudinal and intervention studies investigating physical health outcomes associated with participation in a given sport among generally healthy adults without disability.

Results

A total of 136 papers from 76 studies conducted among 2.6 million participants were included in the review. Our meta-analyses of available evidence found that: (1) cycling reduces the risk of coronary heart disease by 16% (pooled hazard ratio [HR] = 0.84; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.80, 0.89), all-cause mortality by 21% (HR = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.73, 0.84), cancer mortality by 10% (HR = 0.90; 95% CI: 0.85, 0.96) and cardiovascular mortality by 20% (HR = 0.80; 95% CI: 0.74, 0.86); (2) football has favourable effects on body composition, blood lipids, fasting blood glucose, blood pressure, cardiovascular function at rest, cardiorespiratory fitness and bone strength (p < 0.050); (3) handball has favourable effects on body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness (p < 0.050); (4) running reduces the risk of all-cause mortality by 23% (HR = 0.77; 95% CI: 0.70, 0.85), cancer mortality by 20% (HR = 0.80; 95% CI: 0.72, 0.89) and cardiovascular mortality by 27% (HR = 0.73; 95% CI: 0.57, 0.94) and improves body composition, cardiovascular function at rest and cardiorespiratory fitness (p < 0.010); and (5) swimming reduces the risk of all-cause mortality by 24% (HR = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.63, 0.92) and improves body composition and blood lipids (p < 0.010).

Conclusions

A range of physical health benefits are associated with participation in recreational cycling, football, handball, running and swimming. More studies are needed to enable meta-analyses of health benefits of participation in other sports.

PROSPERO registration number CRD42021234839.
Hyaluronic acid: comprehensive review of a multifunctional biopolymer
Authors: Salih Abdul Rahim Chethikkattuveli , Farooqi Hafiz Muhammad Umer , Amin Hardik , Karn Pankaj Ranjan , Meghani Nileshkumar , Nagendran Saraswathy
Published: April 2024

Background

Hyaluronic acid (HA) has a broad range of cosmetic and therapeutic applications due to its unique physicochemical properties and involvement in various essential biological processes, including cell signaling, wound reparation, and tissue regeneration.

Main body

In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of HA, including its history, physicochemical properties, roles, molecular biology, and biochemistry (including occurrence, biosynthesis, and degradation), as well as its chemical modifications and conventional and emerging production methods. We also examine HA's medical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic applications and its derivatives in arthrology, ophthalmology, wound healing, odontology, oncology, drug delivery, 3D bioprinting, and cosmetology. Finally, we discuss the potential role of HA in preventing Covid-19.

Conclusion

Hyaluronic acid, a naturally found substance, has shown immense potential in the clinic. Thus, it is imperative to highlight its applications in the diverse fields impacting the lives of patients and healthy individuals.
Cerebral palsy risk in relation to parental age: insights from a matched case-control study
Authors: Fafolahan Abiola Olayinka , Davis Abigail O. , Sodipo Oladunni P. , Taimiyu Oluwaleke Miracle , Ogunmola Miracle Olayinka , Emmanuel Adebayo , Usman Bello E. , Titi Ojelade
Published: April 2024

Background

Cerebral palsy, a prevalent childhood physical disability, exhibits complex multifactorial causes. This case-control study explores the role of parental age in cerebral palsy risk and associated patterns.

Methods

A case-control study comparing children with cerebral palsy at ages 3 months to 3 years with age-matched healthy control subjects was conducted between January 2022 and August 2023 at Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Nigeria. Cases were recruited from the pediatric physiotherapy outpatient clinic, while controls were selected from pediatric and children emergency wards. Data were collected retrospectively from electronic medical records. Risk factors were evaluated using conditional logistic regression models.

Results

We studied 134 subjects with cerebral palsy and 134 age-matched control subjects. Significant risk factors for cerebral palsy included the maternal age 35–39 years (odds ratio 2.16, P < 0.005), maternal age ≥ 40 years (odds ratio 3.83, P < 0.005), paternal age 41–45 (odds ratio 2.00, P < 0.05), paternal age ≥ 46 (odds ratio 6.80, P < 0.05), primiparous (odds ratio 2.2, P < 0.05), paternal low income (odds ratio 2.49, P < 0.05), paternal primary education (odds ratio 24.61, P < 0.05), and maternal primary education (odds ratio 2.39, P < 0.05).

Conclusions

This research contributes to our understanding of parental age as risk factors associated with cerebral palsy in children. The results also underscore the importance of demographic and socioeconomic factors, especially father’s level of income, maternal parity, and parental education. These findings can guide future research and public health interventions aimed at reducing the burden of cerebral palsy.
Diagnostic accuracy of shear wave elastography versus laboratory parameters as non-invasive screening tool for esophageal varices
Authors: Shehata Khaled Mohamed Ali , Kelany Abdul-Allah Ismael , Hassan Salma Mokhtar Osman , Ahmed Ramy Mohamed , Mounir Peter Atef , AbdelAziz Amira Hassan
Published: April 2024

Background

Variceal hemorrhage from the rupture of esophageal varices is accompanied by a substantial mortality rate. So, newly diagnosed cirrhotic patients are recommended to perform screening esophago-gastroduodenoscopy (EGD) for identifying varices. The primary objective of the present research was to ascertain the most precise biochemical and ultrasonographic variables that have the potential to non-invasively forewarn the occurrence of varices in cirrhotic patients. The study evaluated different parameters such as aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI), platelet count/splenic diameter (PC/SD), portal vein velocity (PVV), and splenic and hepatic stiffness in prediction of EV.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted on 100 cirrhotic patients based on clinical, laboratory, and radiological assessments. All patients were subjected to thorough clinical examinations; laboratory tests were conducted to assess liver function and calculate Child–Pugh score and non-invasive tests for detecting esophageal varices such as APRI, PC/SD, Doppler ultrasonography for assessment of PV Doppler, and hepatic and splenic elastography. All patients got an endoscopic assessment in order to examine and classify the esophageal varices.

Results

Based on the current study, we found that predictors for EV among the studied patients were the following: PC/SD ratio with odds ratio (OR) was 2.20, PVV with OR was 4.68, liver stiffness with OR was 1.99, and splenic stiffness with OR was 3.55.

With ROC curve analysis, PVV has the best overall accuracy (85.4%) for prediction of EV with an area under the curve of 0.79 at cutoff point < 7.09 (cm/s) followed by splenic stiffness that has 82.6% overall accuracy with an area under the curve of 0.71 at cutoff point > 62.22 kPa.

Conclusion

PVV and splenic stiffness measurement hold potential as non-invasive markers for predicting the presence of esophageal varices in individuals with liver cirrhosis. Moreover, these markers can also aid in predicting the occurrence of advanced esophageal varices.
Prevalence and clinical implications of high anterior septal deviation on sinus access: a retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Raziq Mohsen Mahmoud Abd El , Hamed Poussy Yehia , Abdelsamie Alaa Mohamed
Published: April 2024

Background

High anterior septal deviation is an underreported anatomical variant that can influence the decision to conduct septoplasty throughout FESS and to facilitate after-surgery care.

Objective

To assess the prevalence and clinical implications of HASD on sinus access.

Methods

This retrospective, cross-sectional research was performed on patients with symptoms of DNS and CRS who were prepared for FESS. CT scan PNS coronal sections have been requested with three measurements: distance to the septum (SDD), distance to lateral nasal wall (LNW), and septal deviation angle (SDA).

Results

One-hundred fifty-seven patients were included; 73 of them received septoplasty. There is significant increase in SDD (mm), LNW (mm), SDD/LNW, and SDA (degree) in septoplasty group with significant AUC that predict the need of septoplasty. Characteristic cutoffs were SDD more than or equal 2.55 mm, SDD/LNW more than or equal 0.239, and SDA more than or equal 8.95°. There is significant decrease in polyps and edema in septoplasty group postoperatively compared to preoperative.

Conclusion

Septoplasty during FESS allows room for endoscopic instrumentation, provides adequate visualization of the surgical field and throughout postoperative care, and can reduce the possibility of failed FESS.
Modeling and assessment of the techno-economic analysis of biogas and its potential for the generation of electricity from water hyacinth biomass
Authors: Asante Enoch , Asiedu Nana Yaw , Sarpong Samuel , Agyemang Emmanuel Okoh , Ajani Ibrahim , Ntiamoah Augustine , Adjaottor Albert Amatey , Addo Ahmad
Published: April 2024

The study presents the economic feasibility assessment of converting the produced biogas from water hyacinth biomass into electricity. Approximately, 0.3793 m3CH4/kgVS was generated from the water hyacinth biomass. The research indicated that the available water hyacinth population on the Lower Volta River in the year 2020 could potentially generate a methane yield of 53.676 × 106m3. The volume of methane gas generated had the potential to produce an annual electricity output of 110.792 × 106 kWh, which could be integrated into the national grid. The economic analysis indicated positive results with an initial total investment cost of $67,273,700. The project showed a positive net present value (NPV) of $8,923,769 and a levelized cost of 0.172 $/kWh. The simple payback and equity payback periods were determined to be 5.5 and 11.3 years, respectively. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis conducted showed that the project’s NPV remained positive when variations in input parameters such as initial cost, operations, and maintenance cost were less than 15% sensitive range. However, a 30% reduction in the feed-in tariff cost resulted in a negative NPV. In conclusion, biogas production from water hyacinth biomass in Ghana can make a significant contribution to the country’s energy mix and help alleviate the energy shortfall in rural areas.
Are community-based interventions effective at improving mental health outcomes in refugee children and adolescents in high-income countries?
Authors: Singh Gracy , Rajgopal Aditi
Published: April 2024

Multiple epidemiological studies have shown an increased prevalence of adverse mental health outcomes in refugee populations and have highlighted children and adolescents to be particularly at risk. This commentary considers a Cochrane Review examining the efficacy of community-based interventions at improving the mental health of refugee children and adolescents in high-income countries. The review concludes that community-based interventions are ineffective at improving mental health in such populations. Notably, the data are limited by significant risk of bias and a small sample size. This article aims to critically appraise this systematic review, extrapolate implications for current practice and identify avenues for further research.
Case Report: A case of a multivisceral echinococcosis with atypical localization
Authors: Kaddoussi Rania , Jellazi Mohamed , Mizouni Abdelkader , Chamtouri Ikram , Abdelaaly Mabrouk , Migaou Asma , Ben Brahim Hager , Fahem Nessrine , Ben Saad Ahmed , Joober Sameh , Cheikhmhamed Saoussen , Rouetbi Naceur
Published: April 2024

Hydatidosis is a pathology that is still common. Hydatid cysts commonly involves the liver and lung. Cases of multi visceral echinococcosis with atypical localization are rare. We, herein, report the case of a 53-year-old Maghrebi farmer with multiple organ hydatidosis including 13 hydatid cysts involving the lungs, the liver, the left heart ventricle, the left kidney, the abdomen cavity, the muscles (psoas, adductors), and the subcutaneous gluteal area. The majority of these cysts were already treated surgically, and some of them were due to be removed.
Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and Economic Growth in Latin America: An Empirical Analysis for the 2000-2020 Period
Authors: González Bautista María Gabriela , Velasco Pucha Edwin Joel , Dávalos Mayorga Eduardo Ramiro , Puente Riofrío Mariana Isabel
Published: April 2024

Introduction ICTs (Information and Communication Technologies) play a crucial role in improving efficiency and productivity in various economic sectors. The research focuses on measuring the impact of ICTs on the economic growth of Latin American nations during the period 2000-2020. Methods A fixed effects, panel data model covering 17 countries in the region has been applied using ordinary least squares methodology. The variables selected for the empirical exercise are: the number of individuals using the Internet, fixed and mobile telephone subscriptions, trade balance, domestic credit, foreign direct investment and gross domestic product per capita. Results The study’s findings show that ICTs have a positive impact on economic growth. That is, for every percentage point increase in the percentage of the population using the Internet, GDP per capita increases by US$16.82. Conclusion This highlights the unique influence exerted by digital connectivity in shaping the regional economic landscape. At the same time, mobile and fixed telephone subscriptions are not significant variables in the model.
A network of care to improve the continuity and quality of maternal and perinatal services in Makueni County, Kenya: study protocol
Authors: Owira Patricia , Mulwa Dennis , Kiptoo Osborn , Chabeda Sophie , Mwaura Samuel , Hyre Anne , Temmerman Marleen , Sethi Reena , Noguchi Lisa , Manguro Griffins
Published: April 2024

Background Kenya’s high maternal and perinatal mortality rates exceeds its recommended 2030 targets. The lack of effective collaboration between health facilities and workers contributes to delays and uncoordinated provision of care, leading to negative maternal and neonatal health (MNH) outcomes. Network of Care (NOC) is an effective strategy to improve health facility network efficiencies and MNH outcomes. Utilizing NOC to improve health system coordination and MNH outcomes in Kenya has not been studied. We present a study protocol for implementation research to investigate the feasibility and acceptability of establishing a county-level NOC on relationships among health facilities and workers, the feasibility of NOC for the Makueni county health system, and the impact of NOC on the quality of MNH services and emergency referrals within the county health system. Levels of communication, collaboration, and trust between NOC health facilities and levels of preparedness for management of MNH complications are also evaluated. Methods The study employed a mixed methods design with quantitative data from health worker self-administered phone surveys, health facility referral forms, and facility registers collected at baseline, then every three months from September 2021 to July 2023. Health worker focus group discussions and county management key informant interviews were conducted at baseline, midline, and endline. The study purposively selected 60 public and private health facilities in Makueni. These facilities were a sub-sample of 344 facilities with the highest maternity caseloads. A descriptive and thematic analysis of communication, collaboration, and trust between NOC health facilities and workers, and referral system changes will take place. Trend analysis of MNH indicators for Makueni from the Kenya Health Information System will be done. Conclusion This study aims at informing decision-makers locally and globally on whether NOC is feasible and acceptable as a county-level model of care in Kenya with application to similar LMIC settings.
Correlates of early sex debut among adolescents and young women: A National cross-sectional study
Authors: Kiiru Samuel , Thiongo Mary , Gichangi Peter
Published: April 2024

Background Early sexual debut among adolescents and young women may predispose them to unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases. In Kenya, this consequently results in education discontinuation hence poverty levitation. Sexual debut has been studied in relation to HIV, school programs or review of demographic and health surveys. We report correlates of early sexual debut among women aged 15-24 years from a household-based survey in Kenya. Methods Performance, Monitoring for Action (PMA) is a cross-sectional survey using a multi-stage cluster design with urban-rural stratification. The sampling was done at the county level using probability proportional to size to select 11 counties and enumeration areas (EAs) achieving 308 EAs. Interviews were conducted from 35 randomly selected households, from which the eligible women were also interviewed. Descriptive statistics were generated to determine the social demographic characteristics of respondents, and bivariate analysis for the correlation of independent variables and early sexual debut. A logistic regression model was used to determine the association between social demographic characteristics and early sexual debut among women of 15-24 years old. P <0.05 was considered significant. Results A total of 3,706 women were interviewed, and about 1 in 100 (10.2%) of the respondents reported having ever engaged in sexual intercourse before the age of 16 years. Educational level, ever-given birth, contraceptive use and wealth status were found to be statistically associated with early sexual initiation in Kenya. Women who reported having ever given birth had higher odds of early sexual initiation (AOR 2.36, 95% CI, 1.51-3.68, p<0.005) than those who have never given birth. Respondents who were contraceptive users were 1.4 times more likely (AOR 1.39, 95% CI, 1.01-1.90, p<0.001) to have experienced early sex debut than non-users. Conclusions Several individual factors influence early sexual debut, and hence interventions at the policy and program levels are required.
Recruitment strategies used to enrol healthy volunteers in the first pneumococcal human infection study in Africa: Lessons from Blantyre, Malawi
Authors: Nsomba Edna , Chirwa Anthony E. , Ngoliwa Clara , Nkhoma Vitumbiko , Liwonde Pemphero , Mangani Edward , Reuben Modesta , Chimgoneko Lorensio , Makhaza Lumbani , Kudowa Evaristar , Henrion Marc Y R , Toto Neema , Gordon Stephen B. , Dula Dingase ,   Malawi Accelerated Research in Vaccines, Experimental Laboratory Systems (MARVELS) consortium
Published: April 2024

Background Human infection studies (HIS) also known as Controlled Human Infection Models (CHIM) are a relatively new concept in African countries to clinicians, scientists, and communities alike. We have introduced HIS/CHIM studies to Malawi during the last four years by developing an experimental human pneumococcal carriage model. This CHIM was used to test the efficacy of a licensed 13-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV13) against experimental nasal pneumococcal carriage. Traditional and digital recruitment strategies into this novel trial were explored. Objectives To describe various methods of recruitment in this first CHIM study in Malawi. Methods The clinical trial within the context of which these data were recorded was registered with the Pan African Clinical Trials Registry (REF: PACTR202008503507113) on 03 August 2020. The project was conducted at the Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Programme (MLW) in Blantyre, Malawi between April 2021, and September 2022. Source populations were college students and community members within Blantyre. Recruitment strategies included sharing study information in written or visual form, community sensitization meetings, snowball contacts (word of mouth from previous volunteers), branded clothing and participating in radio and television programs. Results 299 volunteers attended screening clinic, of whom 278 were recruited. Sixty-six recruited volunteers (23.7%) were college students and 212 (76.3%) were from the community. Snowball word-of-mouth contacting was the most successful recruitment strategy, with 201 (72.3%) participants recruited using this method. 195 (70.1%) were men of whom 149 (76.4%) joined the study through snowballing. Conclusion or recommendation Using a variety of recruitment strategies led to successful recruitment in this novel controlled human infection study. Most participants were recruited through snowballing.
PROSPECTS FOR STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN THE EAEU AND BRICS COUNTRIES IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY
Authors: Zurnadjyants Yulia A. , Bliznyak Olga V.
Published: April 2024

Providing all segments of the population with the necessary medicines is the basis for protecting the health of citizens and creating a high quality of life. The successful development of the pharmaceutical market is based on the principle of international cooperation. One of the largest economic alliances with Russia's participation is the EAEU and BRICS, which act not only as strategic partners, but also as centers of scientific development.
The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of Russia's entry into geopolitical alliances from the perspective of the development of the pharmaceutical market.
Method or methodology of the work. Collection and analysis of statistical data of the retail audit of the domestic pharmaceutical market and comparison of basic indicators 2022/2023
Results. In the course of the study, it was revealed that it is beneficial for Russia to join international alliances, since the volume of the commercial pharmaceutical market in 2023 increased by 19.8%. In Russia, two leading pharmaceutical companies were formed both in the domestic and foreign markets – Otisipharm and Binnopharm. It was determined that the main group of drugs on the domestic market is represented by generic drugs.
Scope of application of the results: results of the study can be used as a confirmation of the need for further cooperation between Russia and major economic alliances – the EAEU and BRICS.
Dzieła pośmiertne (znalezione za życia)
Authors: Bartula Piotr
Published: April 2024

The book compiles twenty-nine short essays to form a collection of Dzieła pośmiertne (znalezione za życia) [Posthumous Works (discovered during a lifetime)]. The title alludes to the well-known aphorism “Life is short, art long, opportunity fleeting, experience perilous, and judgment difficult,” which regards medicine/art/philosophy as human endeavour transcending the span of an individual’s life. Immortality is achieved through culture, as a familiar slogan proclaims. Applause serves as currency with which books are offered at a promotional price, and occasionally even for free. All of this is done in pursuit of vain glory which fades after the proverbial fifteen minutes. Yet, this is a significant, indeed the utmost, achievement attainable in life. The essence of the Posthumous Works can be succinctly encapsulated in the titles of two lifetime discoveries: Wszystkie powody, aby się nie narodzić [All the Reasons Not to Be Born] and Kazanie o nadziei [A Sermon on Hope]. The individual volumes address significant philosophical issues including consciousness, taboo, infinity, doubt, evolution, authenticity, money, friendship, war, chance, fate, evil, hope, etc. The character of the book is not funereal, although an aura of transience accompanies both the individual texts and the work as a whole. The stylistic approach chosen by the Author easily confirms that the text was not penned by AI, as he employs a variety of literary genres, such as dialogue, experiment, interview, philosophical parable, and sermon.
Efectos de la pandemia por Covid-19 en el mercado laboral colombiano
Authors: Morales Leonardo Fabio , Bonilla Mejía Leonardo , Pulido José , Flórez Luz A. , Lasso Valderrama Francisco , Hermida Didier , Pulido Mahecha Karen L.
Published: April 2024

En este capítulo se discute la evidencia hallada por investigadores del Grupo de Análisis de Mercado Laboral (Gamla) del Banco de la República de Colombia sobre el efecto de la crisis de salubridad en el mercado laboral, la cual se encuentra consignada en varias publicaciones (Banco de la República, 2020a, 2020b, 2020c, 2021; Morales et al., 2020). Basados en estos estudios, se realiza una descripción del impacto de la pandemia sobre los principales resultados laborales en Colombia, haciendo énfasis en dos aspectos. En primer lugar, se analiza el efecto de las restricciones a la movilidad en el empleo y salarios a nivel de industria. Posteriormente, se discute cómo la imposibilidad de ejercer la modalidad de teletrabajo o la imposibilidad de distanciamiento social entre tareas tuvo un efecto diferenciado en la destrucción de empleo a nivel sectorial y la supervivencia de las firmas durante la crisis de salubridad.
Los efectos del Covid-19 en actividades económicas y la fuerza de trabajo en Cartagena
Authors: Quintero Fragozo Camilo , Rodríguez Puello Gabriel , Espinosa Espinosa Aarón
Published: April 2024

El presente capítulo tiene un doble propósito: en primera medida, caracterizar el comportamiento del mercado laboral de Cartagena como resultado de la crisis causada por la pandemia del Covid-19 y las medidas gubernamentales para frenar la expansión del virus; y en segunda, identificar y analizar los principales efectos causados en la fuerza de trabajo. Para ello, se utilizan los microdatos de la Gran Encuesta Integrada de Hogares (geih) del dane y se estima un modelo binario tipo probit para identificar los factores asociados a la intensidad de las afectaciones. En la sección que sigue a esta introducción, se ofrece una breve revisión de la literatura sobre los efectos en el empleo en el contexto internacional y nacional; en la segunda, se explica la metodología del trabajo, en particular los datos y la estrategia empírica usada. En la tercera parte, se muestran los resultados; y, por último, se presentan las conclusiones.
Creencia, cultura y ‘cultura cristiana’: un estudio crítico de la antropología del cristianismo desde América Latina
Authors: Ludueña Gustavo
Published: April 2024

En este artículo, examino el problema de la relación entre cultura y religión a la luz de un recorrido de su propuesta teórica y conceptual. Para ello sigo una noción de cultura que subraya su capacidad de invención, creación y dinamismo (Wagner, 2019) que, veremos, colisiona con una acepción de “cultura cristiana” apoyada en creencias y valores “cristianos” homogéneos y distinguibles de otros que no lo son.
REACT-HD online group: supporting people living with pre-symptomatic Huntington's disease
Authors: Pires Sandra Bartolomeu , Chaâbane Fiona , Kipps Christopher
Published: April 2024

Background:

People with pre-symptomatic Huntington's disease (PSHD) carry a mutant gene that causes a progressive brain disease, with their offspring at 50% risk of developing Huntington's disease (HD). People know they will develop the condition, but not when, and services are generally not designed to care for people in this anticipatory stage.

Aims:

To explore the support and educational needs of people in the PSHD stage and assess their experience of attending a virtual group.

Methods:

User-driven virtual sessions followed by anonymous surveys.

Findings:

Four main themes were identified: 1) what to expect from HD in the future; 2) tips to keep healthy; 3) how HD is impacting your life and the life of others; and 4) research update – requested at every session. Attendees described the positive impact of the group.

Conclusions:

User-driven virtual group sessions show a positive impact on PSHD patients and can be a useful resource to support other people with complex diseases remotely.
Community rehabilitation by the trained village health volunteers on activities of daily living and quality of life in stroke survivors
Authors:   Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand, Chinchai Pisak , Kongsawasdi Siriphan ,   Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand, Sirisatayawong Pornpen ,   Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand, Apichai Sopida ,   Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand, Chuatrakoon Busaba ,   Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand, Thonglorm Nipaporn ,   Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand
Published: April 2024

Background: The number of people with disabilities resulting from strokes is increasing in Thailand. The major sequela of the disease was weakness in one side of the body that causes difficulty in activities of daily living (ADL) and poor quality of life (QOL) for stroke survivors. Community-based rehabilitation could be one of the strategies that enhances functional performance and improves QOL in these individuals. There were many disabled people in Mae Ka subdistrict, San Pa Tong District, Chiang Mai Province, where health care providers and local people were enthusiastic to take care of each other’s health in the community. Objective: The present study aimed to investigate rehabilitation outcomes in ADL and QOL of stroke participants who received rehabilitation services from trained village health volunteers (VHVs). Materials and methods: This study was a quasi-experimental research design. Subjects were recruited using purposive sampling, including 10 stroke survivors. Instruments used were 1) ADL Assessment for Occupational Therapy Clients; and 2) World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment, Short Form-Thai version. The statistics used were descriptive, as well as the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test. Results: Results demonstrated that scores of basic activities of daily living (BADL) in the participants increased significantly (p<0.05) except for sexual expression. The score in the instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) was also significantly higher at post-rehabilitation than pre-intervention (p<0.05), as was the total ADL score. Stroke patients had significantly higher QOL scores after intervention than the pretest (p<0.05). Conclusion: These indicated that the community rehabilitation center at Mae Ka Subdistrict Administrative Organization, San Pa Tong District, Chiang Mai Province, run by the trained VHVs could promote ability in daily activities and improve QOL in stroke participants who come for their services.
Therapeutic effect of Wendan Decoction combined with mosapride on gastroesophageal reflux disease after esophageal cancer surgery
Authors: Zhang Yu-Jing , Wu Shen-Ping
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common complication of esophageal cancer surgery that can affect quality of life and increase the risk of esophageal stricture and anastomotic leakage. Wendan Decoction (WDD) is a traditional Chinese herbal formula used to treat various gastrointestinal disorders, such as gastritis, functional dyspepsia, and irritable bowel syndrome. Mosapride, a prokinetic agent, functions as a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine 4 agonist, enhancing gastrointestinal motility.

AIM

To evaluate the therapeutic effects of WDD combined with mosapride on GERD after esophageal cancer surgery.

METHODS

Eighty patients with GERD were randomly divided into treatment (receiving WDD combined with mosapride) and control (receiving mosapride alone) groups. The treatment was conducted from January 2021 to January 2023. The primary outcome was improved GERD symptoms as measured using the reflux disease questionnaire (RDQ). The secondary outcomes were improved esophageal motility (measured using esophageal manometry), gastric emptying (measured using gastric scintigraphy), and quality of life [measured via the Short Form-36 (SF-36) Health Survey].

RESULTS

The treatment group showed a notably reduced RDQ score and improved esophageal motility parameters, such as lower esophageal sphincter pressure, peristaltic amplitude, and peristaltic velocity compared to the control group. The treatment group showed significantly higher gastric emptying rates and SF-36 scores (in both physical and mental domains) compared to the control group. No serious adverse effects were observed in either group.

CONCLUSION

WDD combined with mosapride is an effective and safe therapy for GERD after esophageal cancer surgery. It can improve GERD symptoms, esophageal motility, gastric emptying, and the quality of life of patients. Further studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods are required to confirm these findings.