bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Larsen Receives 2017 Luna B. Leopold Young Scientist Award
Authors:   AGU
Published: October 2017

Isaac Larsen will receive the 2017 Luna B. Leopold Young Scientist Award at the 2017 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, to be held 11–15 December in New Orleans, La. The award recognizes a young scientist for “a significant and outstanding contribution that advances the field of Earth and planetary surface processes.”
Volcanic Woes May Have Contributed to Ancient Egypt’s Fall
Authors: Wendel JoAnna
Published: October 2017

Ice cores and ancient river records suggest that volcanic eruptions may have reduced the flow of the Nile River. Failures of the Nile floods that usually irrigated Egypt’s farms could have fed social unrest.
Externally controlled high degree of spin polarization and spin inversion in a conducting junction: Two new approaches
Authors: Patra Moumita , Maiti Santanu K.
Published: October 2017

We propose two new approaches for regulating spin polarization and spin inversion in a conducting junction within a tight-binding framework based on wave-guide theory. The system comprises a magnetic quantum ring with finite modulation in site potential is coupled to two non-magnetic electrodes. Due to close proximity an additional tunneling is established between the electrodes which regulates electronic transmission significantly. At the same time the phase associated with site potential, which can be tuned externally yields controlled transmission probabilities. Our results are valid for a wide range of parameter values which demonstrates the robustness of our proposition. We strongly believe that the proposed model can be realized in the laboratory.
Experimental formation enthalpies for intermetallic phases and other inorganic compounds
Authors: Kim George , Meschel S. V. , Nash Philip , Chen Wei
Published: October 2017

The standard enthalpy of formation of a compound is the energy associated with the reaction to form the compound from its component elements. The standard enthalpy of formation is a fundamental thermodynamic property that determines its phase stability, which can be coupled with other thermodynamic data to calculate phase diagrams. Calorimetry provides the only direct method by which the standard enthalpy of formation is experimentally measured. However, the measurement is often a time and energy intensive process. We present a dataset of enthalpies of formation measured by high-temperature calorimetry. The phases measured in this dataset include intermetallic compounds with transition metal and rare-earth elements, metal borides, metal carbides, and metallic silicides. These measurements were collected from over 50 years of calorimetric experiments. The dataset contains 1,276 entries on experimental enthalpy of formation values and structural information. Most of the entries are for binary compounds but ternary and quaternary compounds are being added as they become available. The dataset also contains predictions of enthalpy of formation from first-principles calculations for comparison.
Tailoring Mechanochemical Reactivity of Covalent Bonds in Polymers by Non-covalent Interactions
Authors: Zhang Huan , Zhang Linxing , Chen Yinjun , Lin Yangju , Weng Wengui
Published: October 2017

The last decade has witnessed a growing interest in the field of polymer mechanochemistry, where exogenous forces are utilized to trigger the chemical transformation of covalent and non-covalent bonds embedded in polymer chains. This chapter summarizes the effects of non-covalent interactions on the mechanochemical reactivity of covalent bonds, including the degradation of polymer chains, the unfolding of biomacromolecules, and the activation of mechanophores (mechanical sensitive groups). After a brief overview of contemporary polymer mechanochemistry, we will discuss in detail the effects of non-covalent interactions (i.e. hydrogen bonding, van der Waals and metal–ligand interactions) on polymer mechanochemistry, specifically the physical aspects of these interactions at different length scales, followed by discussions of stress-responsive materials. It is shown how the mechanochemical reactivity of covalent bonds is tuned by the incorporation of supramolecular motifs in both isolated polymer chains and bulk materials, and how the non-covalent interactions of oligomers – and hence the microscopic structures of polymers – are altered by mechanical force. We expect that this chapter will aid in the future development of polymer mechanochemistry, especially the design of advanced mechanophores and stress-responsive materials that utilize non-covalent interactions.
Establishment of stream nutrient criteria by comparing reference conditions with ecological thresholds in a typical eutrophic lake basin
Authors: Cao Xiaofeng , Wang Jie , Jiang Dalin , Sun Jinhua , Huang Yi , Luan Shengji
Published: October 2017

The establishment of numeric nutrient criteria is essential to aid the control of nutrient pollution and for protecting and restoring healthy ecological conditions.
Surface functionalization and manipulation of mesoporous silica adsorbents for improved removal of pollutants: a review
Authors: Cashin Veronica B. , Eldridge Daniel S. , Yu Aimin , Zhao Dongyuan
Published: October 2017

This review presents a broad overview of recent advances in the surface modification of mesoporous silica substrates for improved adsorption capacity and selectivity for both organic and inorganic wastewater pollutants.
. Mesurer l’accélération avec des ondes de matière : de la gravimétrie à la navigation
Authors: Bouyer Philippe
Published: October 2017

Refroidis proche du zéro absolu, les atomes se comportent non plus comme des particules, mais comme des ondes de matière dont la propagation peut conduire à des phénomènes d'interférence. Ces interférences peuvent être exploitées pour mesurer l’accélération avec une très haute précision. Les capteurs inertiels quantiques qui en découlent sont aujourd’hui des dispositifs prometteurs de nombreuses applications comme le guidage et la navigation, ou la gravimétrie ultra-précise.
Therapie der immunvermittelten paraneoplastischen neurologischen Erkrankungen
Authors: Ayzenberg Ilya , Gold Ralf , Kleiter Ingo
Published: October 2017

Die paraneoplastischen neurologischen Erkrankungen sind insgesamt selten und zeichnen sich durch eine mannigfaltige klinische Präsentation aus. Sie können sowohl das zentrale und periphere Nervensystem als auch den neuromuskulären Übergang und die Muskulatur betreffen. In zweidrittel der Fälle ist der Tumor zum Zeitpunkt des Auftretens der neurologischen Symptome noch nicht bekannt. Für die Diagnosestellung sind eine Testung der antineuronalen Antikörper und eine gezielte Tumorsuche notwendig. Eine schnellstmögliche adäquate Tumortherapie in Kombination mit einer Immuntherapie sind die Grundpfeiler der Behandlung von paraneoplastischen Erkrankungen. Aufgrund des Fehlens von kontrollierten Studien basieren die Therapieempfehlungen auf Fallserien und Expertenmeinungen. Im Akutstadium werden meist eine Steroidstoßtherapie, intravenöse Immunglobuline oder die therapeutische Apherese angewendet. Angesichts des potenziell irreversiblen Schadens muss diese Therapie früh, ggf. bereits während der Tumordiagnostik, begonnen werden. Für die Langzeittherapie werden je nach Krankheitsbild unterschiedliche Immunsuppressiva empfohlen.

Neben der Tumorprognose hängt der Krankheitsverlauf weitgehend davon ab, ob die Antikörper gegen intrazelluläre Antigene oder gegen Oberflächenantigene gerichtet sind. Letztere Erkrankungen sprechen auf B-Zell gerichtete Therapien gut an und sind mit einer deutlich besseren Prognose assoziiert. Diese Übersichtsarbeit fasst die aktuellen Therapieempfehlungen zusammen und gibt einen Ausblick auf einige noch nicht validierte, aber perspektivisch interessante Ansätze.
Aufgaben und Struktur moderner Epilepsiezentren in Deutschland
Authors: Surges Rainer , Alber Michael , Bast Thomas , Baier Hartmut , Bien Christian , Borggraefe Ingo , Bösebeck Frank , Brandl Ulrich , Hamer Hajo , Hethey Sven , Holtkamp Martin , Jacobs Julia , Kellinghaus Christoph , Kerling Frank , Knake Susanne , Kunze Albrecht , Kurlemann Gerhard , Laufs Helmut , Lerche Holger , Mayer Thomas , Möddel Gabriel , Neubauer Bernd. , Noachtar Soheyl , Panzer Axel , Podewils Felix , Polster Tilman , Rona Sabine , Rosenow Felix , Schmitz Bettina , Schulze-Bonhage Andreas , Spiczak Sarah , Staudt Martin , Steinhoff Bernhard , Stephani Ulrich , Stodieck Stefan , Straub Hans-Beatus , Strzelczyk Adam , Wellmer Jörg , Elger Christian
Published: October 2017

Epilepsien zählen zu den häufigsten neurologischen Erkrankungen mit etwa 600 000 Betroffenen in Deutschland. Symptome epileptischer Anfälle, die Vielzahl möglicher Epilepsieursachen und die unterschiedlichen Krankheitsverläufe erschweren sowohl die korrekte Diagnosestellung als auch die Auswahl einer geeigneten Therapie (Antikonvulsiva, epilepsiechirurgische Eingriffe, Neurostimulationsverfahren, ketogene Ernährungstherapien, Verhaltensstrategien u. a.). Zudem haben krankheitsspezifische Risiken sowie häufig auftretende Komorbiditäten nicht selten gravierende psychosoziale Konsequenzen. Daher wird bei der Versorgung von Menschen mit Epilepsie neben der vollständigen Anfallskontrolle ohne Nebenwirkungen und der Lebensqualität auch die Kontrolle bzw. Linderung typischer Begleiterkrankungen und Risiken angestrebt. Um diese Behandlungsziele zu erreichen, sind spezifische Fachkenntnisse und Untersuchungsmöglichkeiten erforderlich, die von spezialisierten Zentren vorgehalten werden. Epilepsiezentren sind als überregionale Kompetenzzentren definiert, die über spezielle Expertise und eine besondere Ausstattung zur ambulanten und stationären Versorgung von Patienten mit Epilepsien und verwandten Erkrankungen verfügen. Zu ihren Aufgaben zählen u. a. die umfassende Diagnostik, Differenzialdiagnostik und Therapie von Epilepsiepatienten sowie die multiprofessionelle und interdisziplinäre Beratung von Angehörigen und Eltern.

Dieser Artikel fasst die diagnostischen und therapeutischen Herausforderungen bei der Versorgung von Menschen mit Epilepsien zusammen, beschreibt die personellen, apparativen und institutionellen Voraussetzungen von Epilepsiezentren und gibt eine Übersicht über die Vergütung epileptologischer Spezialleistungen nach G-DRG. Darüber hinaus werden Merkmale einzelner Epilepsiezentren in Deutschland skizziert sowie Perspektiven und Möglichkeiten zur Verbesserung der Versorgung von Epilepsiepatienten diskutiert.
Beschreibung und Analyse der Partner in Netzwerken der Hospiz- und Palliativversorgung in Bayern an der Schnittstelle ambulant-stationär: Eine Mixed-Methods-Studie
Authors: Herbst Franziska , Stiel Stephanie , Heckel Maria , Ostgathe Christoph
Published: October 2017

Hintergrund Das Bayerische Staatsministerium für Gesundheit und Pflege unterstützt den Auf- und Ausbau von Versorgungsnetzwerken der Hospiz- und Palliativversorgung in Bayern. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie ist, die ambulant-stationären Partnerkonstellationen der Netzwerke systematisch zu beschreiben und zu analysieren.

Methodik In einem mehrstufigen Verfahren wurden eine Bestandserhebung mittels semistrukturierter Interviews (März – Juni 2015) und eine Diagnosewerkstatt zur Diskussion der Interviewergebnisse (November 2015) ausgerichtet. Die erhobenen Daten der Bestandserhebung wurden angelehnt an die Grounded Theory qualitativ ausgewertet. Anzahl von Netzwerkpartnern und Formalisierungsgrad der Beziehung wurden in einer Online-Umfrage (April – Juni 2016) erhoben und quantitativ ausgewertet. Koordinatoren und Vorstände von bayerischen Netzwerken der Hospiz- und Palliativversorgung bilden die Studienpopulation.

Ergebnisse Die Teilnehmer (n = 16; weiblich = 12, männlich = 4; Durchschnittsalter: 53,8 Jahre) stellen in der Bestandsanalyse und Diagnosewerkstatt die Partner aus ambulanten und stationären Versorgungsbereichen differenziert dar. Netzwerkvertreter beschreiben Ziele von Netzwerken der Hospiz- und Palliativversorgung, Partner, Gewinnung und Kooperationsvereinbarungen. Die quantitative Erhebung zeigt, dass in 12 Netzwerken zentrale Partner aus 36 ambulanten und stationären Versorgungsbereichen vertreten sind. Zu den Partnern, die am häufigsten als zentrale Partner benannt wurden, gehören Hospizvereine, Palliativstationen, Haus- und Fachärzte, Kliniken allgemein, Teams der spezialisierten ambulanten Palliativversorgung und stationäre Pflegeheime. Zudem beurteilen Netzwerkvertreter in der Online-Umfrage 92,6 % der am häufigsten genannten weiteren Netzwerkpartner als eher oder sehr wichtig für das Netzwerk.

Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse der Erhebungen bilden einen zentralen Teil einer Handreichung „Netzwerke der Hospiz- und Palliativversorgung in Bayern“.
Hot avulsion may be effective as salvage treatment for focal Barrett’s esophagus remaining after endoscopic therapy for dysplasia or early cancer: a preliminary study
Authors: Aranda-Hernández Javier , Shimamura Yuto , Grin Andrea , Iwaya Yugo , Cirocco Maria , Kandel Gabor , May Gary , Kortan Paul , Raftopoulos Spiro , Marcon Norman
Published: October 2017

Background and study aim Both endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) are used to treat Barrett’s esophagus (BE) complicated by dysplasia and intramucosal cancer. However, focal areas of BE can remain after otherwise successful application of these techniques. We report the results of hot avulsion using a hot biopsy forceps to resect these residual focal areas.

Patients and methods This was a retrospective study from a prospective database in a tertiary reference center from August 2013 to May 2015. All included patients had undergone hot avulsion for eradication of residual focal areas of BE that were ≤ 1 cm and not suspicious for dysplasia, following at least one previous endoscopic treatment for dysplasia or intramucosal cancer.

Results 35 patients harboring 124 residual areas of 1 – 7 mm were treated with hot avulsion. After a mean follow-up of 17.4 months, all patients achieved complete eradication of residual focal BE. One of the patients required a second hot avulsion treatment. Hot avulsion provided samples in all cases but limited the assessment of dysplasia (cautery artifact) in 20.2 % of them. The only complication was bleeding in two patients, which was easily stopped by soft coagulation.

Conclusions Hot avulsion appears to be effective and safe in removing focal BE ≤ 1 cm at its greatest length remaining after endoscopic treatment for dysplasia or early cancer. Further studies are required before this technique can be considered the standard of care.
PreImplantation Factor (PIF*) Regulates Stress-Induced Adrenal Steroidogenesis and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines: Potential Application for Bioartificial Adrenal Transplant
Authors: Balyura Mariya , Gelfgat Evgeny , Ullmann Enrico , Ludwig Barbara , Barnea Eytan , Bornstein Stefan
Published: October 2017

The main treatment algorithm for adrenal insufficiency is hormonal replacement, however, inadequate hormone substitution often leads to severe side effects. Adrenal cell transplantation could be a more effective alternative but would require life-long immune suppressive therapy. PreImplantation Factor (PIF) is an endogenous peptide secreted by viable human embryos that leads to maternal tolerance without immunosuppression. PIF could be effective for xenogeneic cell transplantation such as of bovine adrenocortical cells (BAC), which are used for bioartificial adrenal gland development that may more effectively restore complex adrenal functions. We report here that PIF exerts a dual regulatory effect on BAC by targeting mostly hyper-activated cells to specifically reduce adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-stimulated cortisol secretion. Reverse transcription real time PCR analysis revealed that PIF modulates the expression of two genes in the cortisol synthesis pathway, Steroidogenic Factor 1 (SF1), an activator of steroidogenesis, and the downstream steroidogenic enzyme Cytochrome P450 17A1 (CYP17A1). PIF increased basal expression of SF1 and CYP17A1 regardless of the activation level of the adrenocortical cells. In contrast, following ACTH stimulation, PIF reduced SF1 expression and induced expression of the immune suppressing anti-inflammatory cytokine IL10 only in the hyper-activated cells, suggesting both a protective and immune tolerant function. In conclusion, PIF regulates stress-induced adrenal steroidogenesis and immune tolerance in BAC, supporting a potential clinical application to reduce rejection by the host’s immune response following xenotransplantation.
Internistische Onkologie
Authors: Jäger Elke , Jäger Dirk
Published: October 2017

Auf dem diesjährigen ASCO gab es wenig bahnbrechende Neuerungen, vielmehr waren es die sehr vielen frühen, klinischen Studien mit neuen
Substanzen – Strategien, die teils viel Aufsehen erregten. Wir möchten im Folgenden für die wesentlichen Tumorentitäten die klinisch
relevanten Präsentationen zusammenfassen.
Atomic simulations of the effect of Y and Al segregation on the boundary characteristics of a double twin in Mg
Authors: Miyazawa Naoki , Suzuki Shunya , Mabuchi Mamoru , Chino Yasumasa
Published: October 2017

There is usually a tradeoff between the strength and the ductility in solute strengthening of metallic materials. However, magnesium is an exception. A {101¯1}-{101¯2} double twin (DT) provides a fracture-initiation site in Mg. Hence, an investigation on effects of segregations on facture at the DT will give a clue for understanding an exception of Mg to the tradeoff relation. In the present work, we investigated segregation behavior of Y and Al at the DT and interactions of a screw dislocation with segregated DTs by Monte Carlo (MC) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The MC simulations showed that the volumes of the atomic Voronoi polyhedron were changed by Y segregation, while the anisotropic factors of the atomic Voronoi polyhedron were changed by Al segregation. Also, the MD simulations indicated that Y segregation induced emission of twinning dislocations from the DT, while Al segregation suppressed the motion of the twinning dislocation. Thus, the boundary characteristics of the Y-segregated DT were different from those of the Al-segregated DT because the dominant factor is the mechanical effect for the Y-segregated DT and the chemical effect for the Al-segregated DT. However, the events caused in the segregated DTs can lead to limited pile-up of twinning dislocations at the triple junctions of boundaries, resulting in ductility enhancement by alloying.
Advances in microfluidic devices made from thermoplastics used in cell biology and analyses
Authors: Gencturk Elif , Mutlu Senol , Ulgen Kutlu O.
Published: October 2017

Silicon and glass were the main fabrication materials of microfluidic devices, however, plastics are on the rise in the past few years. Thermoplastic materials have recently been used to fabricate microfluidic platforms to perform experiments on cellular studies or environmental monitoring, with low cost disposable devices. This review describes the present state of the development and applications of microfluidic systems used in cell biology and analyses since the year 2000. Cultivation, separation/isolation, detection and analysis, and reaction studies are extensively discussed, considering only microorganisms (bacteria, yeast, fungi, zebra fish, etc.) and mammalian cell related studies in the microfluidic platforms. The advantages/disadvantages, fabrication methods, dimensions, and the purpose of creating the desired system are explained in detail. An important conclusion of this review is that these microfluidic platforms are still open for research and development, and solutions need to be found for each case separately.
Real eigenvalues of a non-self-adjoint perturbation of the self-adjoint Zakharov-Shabat operator
Authors: Hirota K.
Published: October 2017

We study the eigenvalues of the self-adjoint Zakharov-Shabat operator corresponding to the defocusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation in the inverse scattering method. Real eigenvalues exist when the square of the potential has a simple well. We derive two types of quantization conditions for the eigenvalues by using the exact WKB method and show, moreover, that the eigenvalues stay real for a sufficiently small non-self-adjoint perturbation when the potential has some PT-like symmetry.
Hyperfine interaction constants of 14NO2 in 14 500–16 800 cm−1 energy region
Authors: Tada Kohei , Hirata Michihiro , Kasahara Shunji
Published: October 2017

We observed hyperfine-resolved high-resolution fluorescence excitation spectra of k = 0, N = 1 ← 0 transitions in 82 vibronic bands of the Ã2B2 ← X̃2A1 system of 14NO2 in the 14 500–16 800 cm−1 region by crossing a jet-cooled molecular beam and a single-mode dye laser beam at right angles. We determined hyperfine interaction constants of the lower and upper states for all the observed vibronic bands based on the analysis of the hyperfine structures of k = 0, N = 1 ← 0 transitions. Most of the determined Fermi contact interaction constants were found to be distributed in 0.0013–0.0038 cm−1, which are intermediate in magnitude between those in lower and higher energy region reported by other groups. A sharp decreasing of the Fermi contact interaction constant was found in 16 200–16 600 cm−1, and it may be caused by the interaction with the dark C̃2A2 state. The hyperfine interaction constants are powerful clues to obtain reliable vibronic assignment. We tentatively assigned vibronic bands located at 14 836 cm−1, 15 586 cm−1, and 16 322 cm−1 as the transitions to the intrinsic (0,7,0), (0,8,0), and (0,9,0) vibrational levels of the Ã2B2 state, respectively.
Sward structural characteristics and herbage accumulation of Piatã palisade grass (Brachiaria brizantha) in a crop–livestock–forest integration area
Authors: Crestani Steben , Mascheroni Jorge Daniel Caballero , Vera Geremia Eliana , Carnevalli Roberta Aparecida , Mourão Gerson Barreto , Da Silva Sila Carneiro
Published: October 2017

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of shading on structural characteristics and herbage accumulation of palisade grass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Piatã), in a crop–livestock–forest integration area. Three shade regimes were evaluated: no shade (NS), moderate shade (MS, 338 trees ha–1), and intense shade (IS, 714 trees ha–1). The effects of shade regime on soil-water content and nitrogen nutrition index were also evaluated. Grazing management was established based on sward light interception targets (95% LI pre-gazing). The MS and IS regimes were divided into two shade strips (central and lateral) in order to describe the variation in light availability within the paddocks. Two methods for taking the reference readings of LI were tested in IS paddocks: LI reading inside (under the tree canopy) and outside (under full sunlight) the experimental area. Increased tree density reduced photosynthetically active radiation on lateral and central shade strips by 37% and 12% for MS, and 52% and 50% for IS, respectively. For NS, MS, IS (outside) and IS (inside), grazing intervals were 23, 26, 28 and 35 days, pre-grazing heights corresponded to 33, 35, 43 and 52 cm, and pre-grazing herbage mass to 5.37, 4.44, 2.96 and 3.23 t ha–1, respectively. Leaf percentage remained relatively stable across shade regimes, but stem percentage was greater and dead material percentage was smaller for IS than for NS and MS. Soil water content was lower near the trees, especially during the dry season. Relative to NS, herbage accumulation decreased by 39% and 68% for MS and IS, respectively. Under natural shade, small variations in light availability affect sward structure and herbage production. The use of the 95% LI target developed under full sunlight conditions is not suitable for use under trees, emphasising the need to generate specific grazing-management targets for pastures cultivated under trees.
Changes in woodland bird communities as replanted woodland matures
Authors: Debus S. J. S. , Martin W. K. , Lemon J. M.
Published: October 2017

Small patches of woodland were progressively established on degraded agricultural land near Gunnedah, northern New South Wales, on the heavily cleared Liverpool Plains. Birds were resurveyed in the plantings, and in agricultural fields (cropping and pasture) and remnant woodland, in 2011–12, 10 years after initial surveys in 2000–01. The plantings in the later survey were 60, 18, 16 and 13 years old, with a shrub layer included in the three youngest cohorts. The survey sites (total 14 ha planted, all within 200 m of remnant woodland) were paired 1-ha plots in each vegetation category. Birds were surveyed by 30-min area searches of each plot eight times over all seasons, using the same plots, procedure and observer as before. In all, 73 species were recorded in the later survey (versus 72 in the earlier survey), for a total of 87 species over both survey periods, with 58 species in 2011–12 (versus 54 in 2000–01) in the plantings; eight of 15 new species visited or colonised the maturing plantings. Avian species richness and abundance increased from the cleared agricultural plots through the progressively older plantings to resemble those in the remnant woodland. Between the first and second surveys, bird communities in the younger plantings converged with those in the older plantings and woodland. The nectar-feeding, foliage-feeding and ground-feeding insectivore guilds benefitted most, having increased in frequency in, or moved into, the younger cohorts of plantings (>13 years old), or both. Several threatened and other declining woodland birds visited, increased in or colonised the plantings. However, noisy miners (Manorina melanocephala) progressively occupied a few plots and excluded some other birds.
Conductivity and dissociation in liquid metallic hydrogen and implications for planetary interiors
Authors: Zaghoo Mohamed , Silvera Isaac F.
Published: October 2017

Significance

Liquid metallic hydrogen (LMH) is a fundamental system in condensed matter sciences and the main constituent of gas giant planets. Because of exceptional challenges in experimentation and theory, its transport properties remained poorly understood. We have conducted experimental determination of the optical conductivity of bulk LMH using spectrally resolved reflectance measurements on statically compressed and heated hydrogen. Metallic hydrogen’s mechanism of metallization is largely dissociative to an atomic state, rather than the previously held experimental model, ionization of molecules. We find that LMH’s electrical conductivity is substantially higher, a factor of 6–8, than the only experimentally reported value in the literature, measured in the dc limit. The implications of the current results to Jovian giants planetary models are discussed.
English–Greek code-switching in Greek Cypriot magazines and newspapers – an analysis of its textual forms and functions
Authors: Fotiou Constantina
Published: October 2017

This paper discusses the textual position, form, and functions of English–Greek code-switching, which occurs in the form of insertions, in Greek Cypriot print media. The data consist of seven magazines and seven newspapers. For the analysis of the data, a theoretical framework for written multilingualism is adopted and adapted, namely “English on top”. The presence of English in the mainstream Cypriot print media is scarce. Code-switching into English mainly takes the form of naming, heading, quotations, set phrases, and doublets; a doublet refers to the use of a word next to its translation in another language. It exhibits a variety of functions such as language play, emphasis, and clarification. This is not always the case, however. In some cases, no specific textual function can be attributed to the English insertions. In such cases, it is the symbolic and/or indexical function of English that is exploited.
Marginal quantile regression for dependent data with a working odds-ratio matrix
Authors: Bossoli Davide , Bottai Matteo
Published: October 2017

Dependent data arise frequently in applied research and several approaches to adjusting for the dependence among observations have been proposed in quantile regression. Cluster bootstrap is generally inefficient and computationally demanding, especially when the number of clusters is large. When the primary interest is on marginal quantiles, estimating equations have been proposed that estimate a working correlation matrix from the regression residuals’ sign. However, the Pearson’s correlation coefficient is an inadequate measure of dependence between binary variables because its range depends on their marginal probabilities. Instead, we propose to model the working correlation matrix through odds ratios. Different working structures can be easily estimated by suitable logistic regression models. These structures can be parametrized to depend on covariates and clusters. Simulations show that the proposed estimator has similar behavior to that of generalized estimating equations applied to regression for the mean. We study marginal quantiles of cognitive behavior with data from a randomized trial for treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder.
International Crises and China's Rise: Comparing the 2008 Global Financial Crisis and the 2017 Global Political Crisis
Authors: Womack Brantly
Published: October 2017

The profound political uncertainties in international politics created by developments in the United States, Europe, the Middle East, and North Korea (DPRK) are similar in some respects to the economic uncertainties created by the global financial crisis of 2008. In both crises there is a sudden and general awareness of vulnerability, and it is unclear how long the current uncertainty will last. With the election of Donald Trump, the United States is again at the centre of a global crisis. China is again the least vulnerable of the major states. Everyone including China is disadvantaged by the current political crisis. However, in relative terms China stands to gain, as it did in 2008. The relative change in international relationships will be most obvious in Asia. The focus here is on the cycle of uncertainty that characterizes both crises. However, the effects of the current political crisis are likely to contrast with the effects of the earlier economic crisis. From 2008 to 2014, other countries were worried about their own economies and about the world economy in general, and also about what China’s arrival as a regional and global economic power might mean for them. Meanwhile, American leadership under Obama seemed less assertive, while China appeared to be more assertive. By contrast, in 2015, China’s economy had already entered a ‘new normal’ of slower economic growth, while its consolidated political leadership supports multilateral globalization. American political leadership is unpredictable in both general strategic terms and in terms of crisis management. Just as the world needed the economic lift provided by China in 2008, it now needs the political reassurance of stability that China appears to provide. However, the United States may find it difficult to adjust to the shift in political influence.
The Cohomology Rings of Regular Nilpotent Hessenberg Varieties in Lie Type A
Authors: Abe Hiraku , Harada Megumi , Horiguchi Tatsuya , Masuda Mikiya
Published: October 2017

Let $n$ be a fixed positive integer and $h: \{1,2,\ldots,n\} \rightarrow \{1,2,\ldots,n\}$ a Hessenberg function. The main results of this paper are two-fold. First, we give a systematic method, depending in a simple manner on the Hessenberg function $h$, for producing an explicit presentation by generators and relations of the cohomology ring $H^\ast({\mathrm{Hess}}(\mathsf{N},h))$ with ${\mathbb Q}$ coefficients of the corresponding regular nilpotent Hessenberg variety ${\mathrm{Hess}}(\mathsf{N},h)$. Our result generalizes known results in special cases such as the Peterson variety and also allows us to answer a question posed by Mbirika and Tymoczko. Moreover, our list of generators in fact forms a regular sequence, allowing us to use techniques from commutative algebra in our arguments. Our second main result gives an isomorphism between the cohomology ring $H^*({\mathrm{Hess}}(\mathsf{N},h))$ of the regular nilpotent Hessenberg variety and the $\mathfrak{S}_n$-invariant subring $H^*({\mathrm{Hess}}(\mathsf{S},h))^{\mathfrak{S}_n}$ of the cohomology ring of the regular semisimple Hessenberg variety (with respect to the $\mathfrak{S}_n$-action on $H^*({\mathrm{Hess}}(\mathsf{S},h))$ defined by Tymoczko). Our second main result implies that $\mathrm{dim}_{{\mathbb Q}} H^k({\mathrm{Hess}}(\mathsf{N},h)) = \mathrm{dim}_{{\mathbb Q}} H^k({\mathrm{Hess}}(\mathsf{S},h))^{\mathfrak{S}_n}$ for all $k$ and hence partially proves the Shareshian–Wachs conjecture in combinatorics, which is in turn related to the well-known Stanley–Stembridge conjecture. A proof of the full Shareshian–Wachs conjecture was recently given by Brosnan and Chow, and independently by Guay–Paquet, but in our special case, our methods yield a stronger result (i.e., an isomorphism of rings) by more elementary considerations. This article provides detailed proofs of results we recorded previously in a research announcement [2].
The evolution of cognitive behaviour therapy
Authors: Rachman Stanley
Published: October 2017

Chapter 1 discusses the evolution of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) in three stages, the development of behaviour therapy in 1950-70, and cognitive therapy in the mid-1960s, and the merging of these two therapies into cognitive behaviour therapy in the late 1980s. Likely trends in the future of CBT and points for growth in the field are also outlined.
The scientific foundations of cognitive behaviour therapy
Authors: Gelder Michael
Published: October 2017

Chapter 2 explores the scientific foundations of cognitive behaviour therapy, and reviews some of the advances in treatment, and the experimental studies that support them. It includes clinical observations, characterizing cognitions (thinking, attention, memory, visual imagery, worry, meta-cognition), the experimental methods used to test predictions, and factors that maintain cognitions.
The relationship between cognition and emotion: the mind-in-place in mood disorders
Authors: Teasdale John D.
Published: October 2017

Chapter 4 explores the relationship between cognition and emotion using the metaphor of ‘mind-in-place’. It considers three basic ideas – that we do not have one mind, but many, which vary in dominance; that mood disorders can be thought of in terms of the persistence of particular minds-in-place; and that cognitive behaviour therapies for mood disorders work by helping clients shift out of the mind-in-place in which they are stuck. The chapter also discusses the psychological treatment of depression, and cognitive therapy.
Panic disorder and social phobia
Authors: Clark David M.
Published: October 2017

Chapter 6 explores panic disorder and social phobia. The chapter outlines both panic disorder and social phobia, the strengths and weaknesses of historical treatment approaches, cognitive models of panic disorder and social phobia that specifically address the maintenance of the disorders, the correlational and experimental studies that have been used to test these models, the specialized cognitive treatments that have been derived from these models, and studies investigating the effectiveness of the specialised cognitive treatments.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Authors: Salkovskis Paul M. , Kirk Joan
Published: October 2017

Chapter 8 explores obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). It first outlines the nature of OCD, its prevalence, the development of current treatments, the behavioural theory of OCD and behaviour therapy in practice, deficit theories and cognitive factors, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for OCD, experimental studies of normal intrusive thoughts, distorted thinking and negative appraisals, treatment implications of the cognitive behavioural theory, and strategies in the treatment of OCD.
Attempted suicide
Authors: Hawton Keith
Published: October 2017

Chapter 12 discusses attempted suicide. It outlines the characteristics of people who attempt suicide, treatment approaches, results of studies into treatment efficacy, and research needs in the development and evaluation of treatments.
Personality Conditions
Authors: McGuire Michael , Troisi Alfonso
Published: October 2017

The chapter begins with discussions of adaptive genetic variation and phenotypic plasticity, life history strategies, short-term strategies, prevailing models of personality disorders, and traits. These topics introduce new points and briefly review key points discussed earlier in order to set the context for the second part of the chapter, where personality disorders are interpreted in an evolutionary context.
Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: McGuire Michael , Troisi Alfonso
Published: October 2017

This chapter explores anorexia nervosa from an evolutionary perspective. It presents an evolutionary analysis of anorexia, including three primary causal factors (predispositions, developmental events, and social influences).
Optimism
Authors: Carver Charles S. , Scheier Michael F.
Published: October 2017

This chapter explores optimism, including the expectancy-value models of motivation, optimism and subjective well-being under adversity, and the effects of optimism and pessimism on coping, pessimism and health-defeating behaviors, and if optimism is always better than pessimism.
Finding Benefits in Adversity
Authors: Tennen Howard , Affleck Glenn
Published: October 2017

This chapter discusses benefit-finding in adverse situations. It outlines the prevalence of benefit-finding in major medical problems, personality types and benefit-finding, and offers five conceptualizations of benefit-finding (as cognitive reappraisal, as a personality characteristic, as a reflection of growth or change, as a rationalization of temperament, and as a means of coping). The chapter also presents findings that distinguish benefit-related cognitions as adaptive beliefs—benefit-finding—from active efforts to recall benefits as coping strategies during difficult times—benefit-reminding.
Coping and Coherence
Authors: Neimeyer Robert A. , Levitt Heidi
Published: October 2017

This chapter discusses storytelling and a narrative perspective on resilience. It outlines narrative psychology, narrative process and structure, and the analysis of narratives. It also presents a case example of the use of narratives in coping with death.
Dealing with Secrets
Authors: Kelly Anita E. , Carter Jennifer E.
Published: October 2017

This chapter discusses secrets, and aims to answer the questions ‘What can be done to alleviate the anguish of secrecy?’ and ‘What are the factorsthat should enter into making a wise decision to reveal a secret?’ It outlines the nature of secrecy,
Aging and Coping
Authors: Williamson Gail M. , Dooley W. Keith
Published: October 2017

This chapter discusses stressful events of aging, stress and coping in late life, and the Activity Restriction Model of Depressed Affect. It focuses on a specific type of coping–maintaining normal activities–and the consequences of losing these activities in late life.
Copers Coping with Stress
Authors: Snyder C. R. , Pulvers Kimberley Mann
Published: October 2017

This chapter explores factors undermining effective coping processes and develops these ideaswithin the avoidance route in the proposed model. It also discusses factors enhancing the coping process, and evaluates thesefrom an approach viewpoint. Lastly, the chapter considersa broader context for coping, makes recommendations for improving coping, and provides briefconcluding statements about this research area.
A Field Agent in Our Midst
Authors: Peris Tara S.
Published: October 2017

Chapter 3 recounts the deterioration of the contributor’s mother from the time that the contributor was young until her early teen years, at which time her mother departed suddenly for Japan, the victim of an increasingly obsessive, psychotic, and isolating disorder.
The Meaning of Mental Health (and Other Lessons Learned)
Authors: Atkins Marc S.
Published: October 2017

Chapter 7 explores the contributor’s difficult experiences in college, including auditory hallucination while on his small-college campus during the turbulent era of Vietnam War protests.
Memories of Parental Decompensation
Authors: Beauchaine Theodore P.
Published: October 2017

Chapter 8 describes the contributor’s his childhood, in which he, his twin sister, and their older brother coped with their mother’s descent into chronic schizophrenia.
The Game With No Rules
Authors: Borelli Jessica L.
Published: October 2017

Chapter 10 documents the contributor’s brothers’ chronic struggles with extreme acting-out behavior, shutdown moods, and a range of psychiatric diagnoses (including severe ADHD/ODD, and bipolar disorder).
Reverberations
Authors: Nathan Peter E.
Published: October 2017

Chapter 11 explores the death of the contributor’s mother from suicide when the contributor was 1 year old. It discusses depression that had permeated his mother’s life, as well as a mismatch in style between her and her husband’s family, has reverberated through the contributor’s life and the lives of his relatives for seven decades in untruth, distance, blame, and difficulties in relating to women.
He Just Can’t Help It
Authors: Londahl-Shaller Esme A.
Published: October 2017

Chapter 12 documents the life of the contributor’s father, which includes history of psychiatric treatments and hospitalizations, an unorthodox style, a propensity for “too much” in the way of alcohol, negative emotions, and love.
Session 3: Managing Your Stress—Part I
Authors: Wells Karen C. , Lochman John E. , Lenhart Lisa A.
Published: October 2017

Chapter 3 explores the management of the parents’ stress. This includes a discussion on the causes of stress, what stress is, stress in parenting, time management, the importance of not neglecting personal needs, active relaxation techniques.
Session 10: Discipline and Punishment—Part II
Authors: Wells Karen C. , Lochman John E. , Lenhart Lisa A.
Published: October 2017

Chapter 10 further discusses discipline and punishment, and focuses on privilege removal as a punishment. Steps for privilege removal for noncompliance and behavior rules violations are outlined, as well as the assignment of work chores as a punishment. The chapter also explores total reward shutdown, and discipline for major misbehavior.
Session 13: Building Family Cohesion
Authors: Wells Karen C. , Lochman John E. , Lenhart Lisa A.
Published: October 2017

Chapter 13 explores building family cohesion, and discusses activities that can improve family functioning both inside and outside the home.
Forensic Mental Health Concepts
Authors: Piechowski Lisa Drago
Published: October 2017

This chapter discusses the linkage between the legal and the clinical aspects of forensic work, generally termed “forensic mental health concepts.” More specifically, it examines forensic mental health concepts that are relevant to the evaluation of disability and demonstrates how these concepts can assist the evaluator in developing a plan for forensic mental health assessment. The chapter first defines relevant concepts and terms such as disability, work capacity, condition, symptoms, impairment, occupational demands, job duties, and functional abilities. It then considers disability as a legal competency, along with four components common to almost all legal competencies: functional, causal, interactive, and judgment. Finally, it outlines the six-step process of a disability evaluation.
Preparation for the Evaluation
Authors: Piechowski Lisa Drago
Published: October 2017

This chapter focuses on preparation for the evaluation of disability that helps the evaluator to avoid inappropriate referrals, to ensure that relevant and sufficient data are efficiently collected during the evaluation, and to facilitate compliance with ethical and legal requirements. It first considers the contact between the potential evaluator and the referral source, which may be a disability insurance company, an attorney representing the claimant or the company, or an independent vendor. It then looks at practical concerns in disability evaluations, including conflict of interest and multiple relationship, time constraints and scheduling availability, competence/expertise, access to necessary psychometric instruments, and financial arrangements. The chapter also explains how the scope of the disability evaluation should be defined and discusses the evaluator's contact with referral sources, attorneys, and claimants; logistics and schedules of disability evaluations; authorization and consent; documentation of the evaluation; and adjudication versus litigation of disability claims.
Who We Are
Authors: Bent Russell J. , Packard Ralph E. (Ted) , Goldberg Robert W.
Published: October 2017

The first chapter offers a historical account of the ABPP and provides thereader with insights regarding the challenges faced by the organization overthe past 60 years. While the organization has had both its shining momentsand rough roads, the chapter gives the reader an inside look at the development of its significance and the impressive tradition of board certification toprofessional psychology.
Preparing the Practice Sample
Authors: Davidson Charme Sturkie
Published: October 2017

This chapter focuses on the preparation of the practice sample for boardcertification by the ABPP through one of its 13 separate boards. Given thedifferences in procedures of the different boards, this chapter presents a prototype guideline rather than specific steps that apply for eachboard. This chapter includes a practice sample includes the professional self-study statement, the curricula vitae, and the work sample.
Working With a Board-Certified Mentor in the Specialty
Authors: Talley Joseph E.
Published: October 2017

This chapter discusses working with a board-certified mentor in the speciality. Having a mentor is notessential, but is something that many candidates find helpful. The chapter suggests strategies for finding a mentor, and presents guidelines for effective mentoring.
The Appeals Process
Authors: Berberoglu Linda S. , Drogin Eric York
Published: October 2017

This chapter explores the sometimes complex and time-consuming appealsprocess. The goal is to provide candidates with the information necessary to decide whether and how to file an appeal with a specialty board after receivingnews of an adverse outcome. This chapter also includes several case vignettesthat illustrate examples of successful and unsuccessful appeals.
Pitfalls to Avoid
Authors: Nezu Arthur M.
Published: October 2017

This chapter presents advice on what to do and what not to do throughout the ABPP certification process, including the initial application, preparation of practice sample and written documentation, preparation for the oral exam, and what to do after the oral exam.
Advising in the Classroom
Authors: Appleby Drew C.
Published: October 2017

This chapter outlines career exploration classes for psychology majors. It aims to explain how academic advising can be incorporated in a classroom setting that has been purposely designed to enable students to construct competent answers to these common questions regarding career opportunities and post-baccalaureate educational alternatives.
Learning Communities as an Innovative Beginning to the Psychology Major
Authors: Barron Kenneth E. , Buch Kim K. , Andre Jeffrey T. , Spaulding Sue
Published: October 2017

This chapter explores learning communities, and begins by providing a brief review of learning community initiatives in higher education. It presents two models of psychology learning communities (PLCs) along with assessment data evaluating the impact of learning communities. The chapter concludes by highlighting a list of additional resources on learning communities.