bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting ground surface deformation induced from CO2 plume movement using machine learning
Authors: Ibrahim Ibrahim M. , Salimzadeh Saeed , Kasperczyk Dane , Kadeethum Teeratorn
Published: May 2024

Carbon capture and storage (CCS), which involves injecting carbon dioxide (CO2) into subsurface, is an increasingly popular process for mitigating human caused greenhouse gas emissions. In order to ensure the safety and efficacy of CCS implementation, it is necessary to possess a comprehensive understanding of the complex behaviour of CO2 plumes within geological formations and their potential impact on ground surface deformation. Therefore, conducting research and analysis on these critical aspects is of vital importance. This research provides a methodology to anticipate ground surface deformations, which result from the motion of CO2 plumes utilising an advanced machine learning (ML) technique. The ML surrogate model has been developed using conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (cGAN). The dataset used for the model training and testing comprises ground surface measurements (tiltmeters), reservoir properties, as well as pressure/volume data. The model has been trained and tested using a set of samples created using a forward finite element model. Results show that the surrogate model is capable of predicting reasonably accurate results while running much faster than the forward model.
The central and southeast offshore Otway Basin well folio
Authors: Nguyen Duy , Cubitt Chris , Edwards Dianne S. , Abbott Steve , Bernardel George
Published: May 2024

Geoscience Australia (GA) has produced a folio of 32 wells across the central and southeast regions of the Otway Basin. This folio covers the areas from Normanby 1 on the Normanby Terrace, through the Shipwreck Trough and Nelson Sub-basin, to Whelk 1 in the southeast. Composite logs for each well in the folio include wireline logs, petrophysical analysis, interpreted lithology, organic geochemical data, organic petrology data, and sequence stratigraphic markers. This folio also includes core-based depositional environment (DE) and gross depositional environment (GDE) interval interpretations which were used to constrain wireline interpretation of DE/GDE away from core control. The folio includes the digital data package used to construct each well composite. The new folio complements a recently published folio of northeast offshore Otway Basin wells, with both designed as resources to support exploration in the offshore Otway Basin.
Accelerating industrial decarbonisation through common user infrastructure
Authors: Lomas Amy , Demilew Dan
Published: May 2024

Common user infrastructure (CUI) is crucial to accelerating industrial emissions reduction because it can help reduce the cost and complexity of decarbonisation projects, facilitate collaboration between different stakeholders and make projects more bankable, more quickly. This paper will discuss the headline opportunities and current challenges in developing CUI in Western Australia (WA). It will also cite industry examples where CUI has been implemented and highlight transferable learnings relevant to our local context. The paper will be of interest to anyone involved in the energy industry in WA, including investors and legislators. Our oral presentation (with accompanying slide show) will include discussion of: the role of common user infrastructure in decarbonisation, the opportunities for CUI in WA, the current challenges of CUI in WA and learnings from industries/geographies where CUI has been implemented.
Whale detection and microseismic monitoring via DAS using submarine telecommunications cables – a case study from the NWS, Western Australia
Authors: Debens Henry A. , McCorry Denise , Sidenko Evgenii , Erbe Christine , Collet Olivia , Pevzner Roman , Gurevich Boris
Published: May 2024

A monitoring trial of subsea distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) conducted in the marine waters of Australia is presented. This trial explores the concept of repurposing existing submarine telecommunications cables for remote monitoring of the environment and geophysical phenomena. The data were collected from a pre-existing fibre-optic cable, 50 km in length, that links two offshore hydrocarbon production platforms off the northwest coast of Australia. Initial data analyses confirmed the ability to detect underwater sounds from various sources, including marine animals (such as baleen whales), anthropogenic activities (such as vessels), and natural geophysical phenomena (such as earthquakes). The study underscores the efficacy of DAS for capturing and locating marine mammal vocalisations, specifically highlighting signals from pygmy blue whales – a species granted the highest protection status in Australia – and Omura’s whales, both of which migrate biannually through the offshore waters of Western Australia. These findings indicate the potential of subsea DAS for detecting and tracking marine fauna regionally. Moreover, they suggest its applicability for future monitoring in support of environmental impact assessments and the development of adaptive management strategies to prevent or minimise impacts on migratory whale species from offshore industries.
Interpersonal heart rate synchrony predicts effective information processing in a naturalistic group decision-making task
Authors: Sharika K. M. , Thaikkandi Swarag , Nivedita  , Platt Michael L.
Published: May 2024

Groups often outperform individuals in problem-solving. Nevertheless, failure to critically evaluate ideas risks suboptimal outcomes through so-called groupthink. Prior studies have shown that people who hold shared goals, perspectives, or understanding of the environment show similar patterns of brain activity, which itself can be enhanced by consensus-building discussions. Whether shared arousal alone can predict collective decision-making outcomes, however, remains unknown. To address this gap, we computed interpersonal heart rate synchrony, a peripheral index of shared arousal associated with joint attention, empathic accuracy, and group cohesion, in 44 groups (n = 204) performing a collective decision-making task. The task required critical examination of all available information to override inferior, default options and make the right choice. Using multidimensional recurrence quantification analysis (MdRQA) and machine learning, we found that heart rate synchrony predicted the probability of groups reaching the correct consensus decision with >70% cross-validation accuracy–significantly higher than that predicted by the duration of discussions, subjective assessment of team function or baseline heart rates alone. We propose that heart rate synchrony during group discussion provides a biomarker of interpersonal engagement that facilitates adaptive learning and effective information sharing during collective decision-making.
Promoting sustainable smallholder farming via multistakeholder collaboration
Authors: An Zhichao , Yang Yi , Yang Xue , Ma Wenqi , Jiang Wei , Li Yajuan , Chen Guangfeng , Zhang Weifeng , Zhuang Minghao , Wang Chong , Zhang Fusuo
Published: May 2024

Transforming smallholder farms is critical to global food security and environmental sustainability. The science and technology backyard (STB) platform has proved to be a viable approach in China. However, STB has traditionally focused on empowering smallholder farmers by transferring knowledge, and wide-scale adoption of more sustainable practices and technologies remains a challenge. Here, we report on a long-term project focused on technology scale-up for smallholder farmers by expanding and upgrading the original STB platform (STB 2.0). We created a formalized and standardized process by which to engage and collaborate with farmers, including integrating their feedback via equal dialogues in the process of designing and promoting technologies. Based on 288 site-year of field trials in three regions in the North China Plain over 5 y, we find that technologies cocreated through this process were more easily accepted by farmers and increased their crop yields and nitrogen factor productivity by 7.2% and 28.1% in wheat production and by 11.4% and 27.0% in maize production, respectively. In promoting these technologies more broadly, we created a “one-stop” multistakeholder program involving local government agencies, enterprises, universities, and farmers. The program was shown to be much more effective than the traditional extension methods applied at the STB, yielding substantial environmental and economic benefits. Our study contributes an important case study for technology scale-up for smallholder agriculture. The STB 2.0 platform being explored emphasizes equal dialogue with farmers, multistakeholder collaboration, and long-term investment. These lessons may provide value for the global smallholder research and practitioners.
Large Fermi surface in pristine kagome metal CsV
3
Sb
5
and enhanced quasiparticle effective masses
Authors: Zhang Wei , Poon Tsz Fung , Tsang Chun Wai , Wang Wenyan , Liu X. , Xie J. , Lam S. T. , Wang Shanmin , Lai Kwing To , Pourret A. , Seyfarth G. , Knebel G. , Yu Wing Chi , Goh Swee K.
Published: May 2024

The kagome metal CsV

3

Sb

5

is an ideal platform to study the interplay between topology and electron correlation. To understand the fermiology of CsV

3

Sb

5

, intensive quantum oscillation (QO) studies at ambient pressure have been conducted. However, due to the Fermi surface reconstruction by the complicated charge density wave (CDW) order, the QO spectrum is exceedingly complex, hindering a complete understanding of the fermiology. Here, we directly map the Fermi surface of the pristine CsV

3

Sb

5

by measuring Shubnikov–de Haas QOs up to 29 T under pressure, where the CDW order is completely suppressed. The QO spectrum of the pristine CsV

3

Sb

5

is significantly simpler than the one in the CDW phase, and the detected oscillation frequencies agree well with our density functional theory calculations. In particular, a frequency as large as 8,200 T is detected. Pressure-dependent QO studies further reveal a weak but noticeable enhancement of the quasiparticle effective masses on approaching the critical pressure where the CDW order disappears, hinting at the presence of quantum fluctuations. Our high-pressure QO results reveal the large, unreconstructed Fermi surface of CsV

3

Sb

5

, paving the way to understanding the parent state of this intriguing metal in which the electrons can be organized into different ordered states.
Nondegenerate Soliton Solutions of (2+1)-Dimensional Multi-Component Maccari System
Authors: Meng 孟 Yong 勇 , Fang 方 Ping-Ping 乒乒 , Lin 林 Ji 机
Published: May 2024

For a multi-component Maccari system with two spatial dimensions, nondegenerate one-soliton and two-soliton solutions are obtained with the bilinear method. It can be seen by drawing the spatial graphs of nondegenerate solitons that the real component of the system shows a cross-shaped structure, while the two solitons of the complex component show a multi-solitoff structure. At the same time, the asymptotic analysis of the interaction behavior of the two solitons is conducted, and it is found that under partially nondegenerate conditions, the real and complex components of the system experience elastic collision and inelastic collision, respectively.
Two-electron conduction band of a graphene quantum dot and coherent spin manipulation
Authors: Xu Wen-Jun , Liu Rui-Jiang , Dong Qing-Rui
Published: May 2024

To get a carbon-based qubit, we pay attention to the two-electron conduction band of a graphene quantum dot (GQD) in the presence of an external magnetic field and an extrinsic Rashba spin-orbit interaction (SOI). To help understand the formation of the two-electron spectra, we first calculate the tight-binding (TB) spectra. There exist the sensitivity of the conduction band to magnetic fields and the mixing of spin states induced by a Rashba SOI. The two factors inspire the study of the magnetic-field modulation of the conduction band for realizing a spin qubit. We present the method for calculating the electronic structure of a few-electron GQD. The roles of the Coulomb interaction and the Rashba SOI in the two-electron conduction band are investigated. The Coulomb interaction contributes to a singlet-triplet level crossing and the Rashba SOI leads to a singlet-triplet mixing. The fast initialization and coherent manipulation of spin states are demonstrated by the magnetic control of singlet-triplet splitting.
Shell-model representations of the microscopic version of the Bohr–Mottelson collective model
Authors: Ganev H G
Published: May 2024

The structure of the irreducible collective spaces of the group Sp(12, R), which many-particle nuclear states are classified according to the chain Sp(12, R) ⊃ U(6) ⊃ SO(6) ⊃ SU

pn
(3) ⨂ SO(2) ⊃ SO(3) of the proton–neutron symplectic model (PNSM), is considered in detail. This chain of the PNSM was recently shown to correspond to a microscopic shell-model version of the Bohr–Mottelson collective model. The construction of the relevant shell-model representations of the Sp(12, R) group along this chain is considered for three nuclei with varying collective properties and from different mass regions. It is shown that the SU

pn
(3) basis states of the Sp(12, R) representations belonging to the SO(6) irreps with seniority υ ≥ υ
0, with υ
0 denoting the maximal seniority SO(6) irrep contained in the Sp(12, R) bandhead, are always Pauli allowed, but organized in a different way into different SO(6) shells. This is in contrast to the case of filling the levels of the standard three-dimensional harmonic oscillator and using the plethysm operation. Although the SU

pn
(3) multiplets within υ < υ
0 are not all Pauli forbidden, it is safe to discard them. The results obtained in the present work are important for the practical application of the microscopic version of the Bohr–Mottelson collective model.
Topological defects on solutions of the non-relativistic equation for extended double ring-shaped potential
Authors: Boudjedaa Badredine , Ahmed Faizuddin
Published: May 2024

In this study, we focus into the non-relativistic wave equation described by the Schrödinger equation, specifically considering angular-dependent potentials within the context of a topological defect background generated by a cosmic string. Our primary goal is to explore quasi-exactly solvable problems by introducing an extended ring-shaped potential. We utilize the Bethe ansatz method to determine the angular solutions, while the radial solutions are obtained using special functions. Our findings demonstrate that the eigenvalue solutions of quantum particles are intricately influenced by the presence of the topological defect of the cosmic string, resulting in significant modifications compared to those in a flat space background. The existence of the topological defect induces alterations in the energy spectra, disrupting degeneracy. Afterwards, we extend our analysis to study the same problem in the presence of a ring-shaped potential against the background of another topological defect geometry known as a point-like global monopole. Following a similar procedure, we obtain the eigenvalue solutions and analyze the results. Remarkably, we observe that the presence of a global monopole leads to a decrease in the energy levels compared to the flat space results. In both cases, we conduct a thorough numerical analysis to validate our findings.
Applying deep learning technique to chiral magnetic wave search*
Authors: Zhao 赵 Yuan-Sheng 渊晟 , Huang 黄 Xu-Guang 旭光
Published: May 2024

The chiral magnetic wave (CMW) is a collective mode in quark-gluon plasma originated from the chiral magnetic effect (CME) and chiral separation effect. Its detection in heavy-ion collisions is challenging owing to significant background contamination. In [Y. S. Zhao et al., Phys. Rev. C 106, L051901 (2022)], we constructed a neural network that accurately identifies the CME-related signal from the final-state pion spectra. In this study, we have generalized this neural network to the case of CMW search. We show that, after an updated training, the neural network effectively recognizes the CMW-related signal. Additionally, we have assessed the performance of the neural network in comparison with other known methods for CMW search.
The Energy Field Approach
Authors: Becker Manuel , Hopf Martin
Published: May 2024

Energy is an important crosscutting concept across middle and high school grades. However, studies show that students struggle understanding this concept. To address this problem, we started a design-based research project called “the energy field approach” (EFA). This project develops a teaching learning sequence (TLS) for high schools (grades 10-12). The design follows the model of educational reconstruction and builds on a clarification of the scientific content as well as on knowledge about students’ conceptions and misconceptions on the relevant topic. The result is a teaching concept and TLS that can be used by teachers for energy instruction. As a key feature, it traces traditional energy forms back to only kinetic energy and field energy. This simplifies the surface structure of the energy concept and makes sense of the meaning of energy forms like for instance chemical energy that have been “blackboxes” in traditional energy instruction before. This makes students more likely to draw back on energy ideas when reasoning about phenomena. The TLS is cyclically evaluated and re-designed by conduct and qualitative analysis of teaching experiments according to the method of probing acceptance. Results show that the concept and TLS are helpful for students to combine ideas about energy and fields and analyze processes from an energy perspective. The concept is found to be useful for a “deeper understanding” in the students’ perception. Further studies still have to be conducted to investigate the effects in a bigger setting and on further learning.
DBR based Redesign cycle of a TLS on Dynamics for High School
Authors: Olazabal L , Zuza K , Sarriugarte P , Garcia-Goiricelaya P , Ametller J
Published: May 2024

In this paper, the process of the design a Teaching Learning Sequence (TLS) on Newton’s Law for high school is presented. The design of the TLS follows Design Based Research (DBR) methodology First, the grasp of the design is going to be presented to later, present the data obtained after the application of instruments designed to evaluate the TLS regarding the students achievement and the quality of the TLS. How we involved in-service teachers to participate in the design and redesign process and the implementation of the TLS is also explained.
A review of the Greenhouse Effect and Climate Change in High School Textbooks
Authors: Toffaletti S , Di Mauro M , Onorato P
Published: May 2024

The recent reintroduction in the Italian high school curricula of civic education, especially concerning sustainable development, opened the field to the design, implementation, and evaluation of teaching-learning sequences, focusing on the greenhouse effect and climate change, in high schools. These themes have gained weight in the student curriculum and, consequently, more space is being devoted to them in high school textbooks. In this work, we report on a critical analysis we performed, concerning the actual presence of improvements in the treatments dedicated to these topics in current textbooks. Furthermore, starting from the results of previous studies, we will compare our findings with those present in the literature, highlighting any improvements found.
Experiments in Electricity and Magnetism for Future Teachers: From Lectures to Teaching Labs
Authors: Dvořák L , Dvořáková I , Koudelková V , Gottwald S
Published: May 2024

The paper reports on an improved approach to pre-service physics teacher training in electricity and magnetism at our faculty. This training starts with an experiment-based lecture in the first year, complemented by an optional seminar that emphasizes experiments students will be able to use in their future teaching. Three years later, it culminates in teaching labs dedicated to this field. The motivation for changing the previous traditional teaching of this topic, the important features of the current state of the art, and the lessons learned are presented. All this is illustrated by a number of examples of experiments that have proved useful and attractive to students.
An analysis of students’ misconceptions on Special Relativity
Authors: Leonardi A M , Mobilio S , Fazio C
Published: May 2024

Special Relativity is one of the key theories describing our reality but its accommodation among students at different level is still a critical issue. Even after instruction, students’ answers continue to be biased by Classical Mechanics. We present the analysis of high-school students’ answers to open questions concerning topics on Classical Mechanics and Special Relativity showing the persistence of pre-relativistic reasoning. This study is part of an experimentation on the teaching of Special Relativity with the use of a mechanical instrument that allows students to explore by hand the effects of a change of reference frame.
Dirac’s Approach to Quantum Mechanics in Physics Teacher Education: From Linear to Circular Polarisation
Authors: Tóth K
Published: May 2024

The teaching/learning of quantum mechanics via two-state systems is continuously spreading in secondary schools due to its promising results in physics education research. One possibility is the use of polarisation states of photons. This paper reports on a polarisation-based introduction to quantum mechanics in physics teacher education. A widely used school material prepares teacher trainees for their future work and also improves their conceptual knowledge. This part includes statistical calculations using only secondary school mathematics and a new formulation of the uncertainty relation, using only real numbers. The second step is to prepare the formalism of quantum mechanics using real two-dimensional vectors and matrices. Considering that students may not learn complex linear algebra, we offer a new way to introduce the complete formalism of two-state systems via circular polarisation providing a step-by-step exploration of complex quantum states. This points out the advantage of using complex linear algebra via a physical example, providing the opportunity to reach the elements of advanced quantum physics and quantum computing while deepening the physics background of the secondary school material.
Guided Discovery Teacher Training Online
Authors: Dvořáková I , Koudelková V
Published: May 2024

This paper presents our experience with online teacher workshops led by the guided discovery method. It gives concrete examples of the different activities we have tried in 2020-2021. The article also specifies the minimum necessary technical equipment of the workplace for online learning and the necessary organizational support. We did not conduct any statistical research on the effectiveness of our work during the online learning process, so here are quotes from teachers from the feedback we collected from each workshop.
A home-lab to study uncertainties using smartphone sensors and determine the optimal number of measurements
Authors: Monteiro Martín , Stari Cecilia , Martí Arturo C.
Published: May 2024

We present a home-lab experimental activity, successfully proposed to our students during covid19 pandemic, based on state-of-the-art technologies to teach error analysis and uncertainties to science and engineering students. In the last decade the appearance of smartphones considerably affected our daily life. Thanks to their built-in sensors, this revolution has impacted in many areas and, in particular, the educational field. Here we show how to use smartphone sensors to teach fundamental concepts for science students such as any measurement is useless unless a confidence interval is specified or how to determine if a result agrees with a model, or to discern a new phenomenon from others already known. We explain how to obtain and analyse experimental fluctuations and discuss in relation with the Gaussian distribution. In another application we show how to determine the optimal number of measurements as a function of the standard error and the digital resolution of a given sensor.
Exploring the experiences of undergraduate physics students taking a “Teaching Physics in School” module and the effects on their intentions to become a secondary physics teacher
Authors: Cottle Daniel
Published: May 2024

This article describes an undergraduate physics module at a university in England that places year 3 student physicists in secondary school classrooms for a semester. This is done as a way of introducing them to the occupation of secondary physics teaching using a realistic job preview approach. The module helps the undergraduate students develop their communication and professional skills and supports the physics learning of pupils in the schools where they are placed. The perceptions of the participating students toward secondary school physics teaching are then investigated. Two themes emerged from this research: The difficulty of explaining physics concepts to children and the need to make school physics enjoyable.
Supporting Teaching Assistants in a Community of Practice
Authors: Bondar V , Nuber J , Zeyen M , Schiltz G , Kirch K , Dissertori G
Published: May 2024

We present a framework that supports physics teaching assistants in their teaching duties during exercise classes and that fosters their professional teaching development. The framework relies on the concept of Communities of Practice combining pedagogy with strategies and support for social interaction. We are discussing the positive effects of this novel approach on teaching, as well as its challenges.
Entangled states dynamics of moving two-level atoms in a thermal field bath
Authors: Papadatos Nikolaos , Moustos Dimitris
Published: May 2024

We consider a two-level atom that follows a wordline of constant velocity, while interacting with a massless scalar field in a thermal state through: (i) an Unruh–DeWitt (UDW) coupling, and (ii) a coupling that involves the time derivative of the field. We treat the atom as an open quantum system, with the field playing the role of the environment, and employ a master equation to describe its time evolution. We study the dynamics of entanglement between the moving atom and a (auxiliary) qubit at rest and isolated from the thermal field. We find that in the case of the standard UDW coupling and for high temperatures of the environment the decay of entanglement is delayed due to the atom’s motion. Instead, in the derivative coupling case, the atom’s motion always causes the rapid death of entanglement.
Optimization of production variables for metakaolin and rice husk ash-based geopolymer cement
Authors: Verma Monika , Sharma Amol , Chaturvedi Ishaan , Imtiyaz Waheed , Bharti Sumita , Kumar Aman
Published: May 2024

Geopolymer concrete has emerged as an eco-friendly alternative to conventional Portland cement-based concrete, boasting superior mechanical performance and a significantly reduced carbon footprint. This research delves into the effects of incorporating rice husk (RH) and metakaolin (MK) as supplementary materials in geopolymer concrete, with the goal of enhancing its properties and sustainability while making productive use of industrial by-products. The research commences with a comprehensive characterization of the raw materials, including rice husk ash (RHA) and metakaolin, via physical, chemical, and mineralogical analyses. Different combinations of RH and MK are then blended with an alkali activator solution to formulate geopolymer paste mixtures. The findings of this study reveal that the incorporation of RH and MK as partial substitutes for conventional materials in geopolymer concrete yields positive effects on its performance. The utilization of rice husk ash enhances workability and reduces the alkaline activation time of the geopolymer paste, leading to improved early-age strength development. This study demonstrates that the synergistic use of rice husk and metakaolin in geopolymer concrete promotes a more sustainable construction material with a diminished environmental impact. It offers valuable potential to guide engineers, researchers, and industry professionals in adopting sustainable and cost-effective strategies for enhancing the properties of geopolymer concrete, thus fostering its wider adoption in the construction sector.
Fresh, Compressive and Direct-Tensile characterization of Engineered Cementitious Composite
Authors: Jaggi Sahil , Sharma Pushpendra Kumar
Published: May 2024

A new category of high-performance fiber-reinforced composite broadly known as Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC) has gained rapid attention in the construction industry in recent years. The exceptional behaviour of ECC, therefore high ductility, toughness, and durability, make it a promising material for various structural applications such as tunnel inner lining, dam and bridge deck slab construction. This investigation aims to study the fresh and mechanical characteristics of ECC, including workability, compressive, and direct tensile strength. A total of 15 ECC mixes are prepared with varying superplasticiser-binder ratio (0.200, 0.225, 0.250, 0.275 and 0.300 %), sand-binder ratio (0.35, 0.40 and 0.45) and a constant water-binder ratio (0.27). The mini-slump cone test was performed to examine the workability of the fresh ECC mixtures. The results showed that using a higher content of the superplasticiser resulted in an upsurge in both the workability of the fresh ECC mixtures and the mechanical strength of ECC, particularly the tensile strength. Apart from this, both the mechanical tests are performed at the 7 and 28 days. As per the results, both the compressive strength and direct tensile strength of ECC are found to be comparatively higher than that of the conventional mix. In conclusion, ECC is an efficient construction material for various structural applications, especially for the latest 3D printing construction techniques. The uniform dispersion of fibers significantly improves the tensile strength and ductility of ECC, making it a suitable material for seismic-resistant structures.
Experimental investigation of Bamboo Leaf Ash and Rice Husk Ash as partial replacement cement in concrete
Authors: Munish  , Mehta Shalika
Published: May 2024

Construction work was mostly done in the ancient era using mudstone obtained from industry. The experimental investigation on the strength properties of M30 grade concrete, in which rice husk ash and bamboo leaf ash have largely substituted cement. One of these waste materials produced as a by-product of the rice paddy milling industry is rice husk ash (RHA). and Bamboo is used as scaffolding for the manufacture of domestic goods and construction paper. In this investigation, concrete specimens created with 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% of the RHAsh and BLAsh as the cement replacement percentages were used to calculate the strength-related parameters such as compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength. Samples were examined at 7, 14, and 28 days old. Finally, it was determined that, when compared to other replacement levels, the 5% RHAsh and BLAsh replacement level in M30 grade concrete demonstrated to be greater.
Partial Replacement of Reactive Magnesium with GGBS has an Impact on the Geotechnical Properties of Soil
Authors: Negi Vineeta , Raj Pratul , Raj Priyanshu , Tiwari Ravi Kumari , Uniyal Ashish
Published: May 2024

This study is an attempt to examine proper usage of GGBS in the field of Civil Engineering to reduce existing dumping problems and escalate the geotechnical properties of inadequate soil. According to laboratory findings, certain soil qualities that were treated with MgO and GGBS at specific concentrations exhibited remarkably beneficial changes when compared to natural soil. The compressive strength value of modified soil improved, showing increase in the bearing capacity of treated soil The increased CBR value of modified soil both in soaked (4 days) and unsoaked condition indicates the economical designing of flexible pavement by reducing the thickness of base and subbase layers.
Recent studies on the mechanical properties of Engineered Cementitious Composite
Authors: Khan Mohammad Khalil , Nag Swagata , Jaggi Sahil
Published: May 2024

Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC) is a type of High-Performance Fiber-Reinforced Cementitious Composite (HPFRCC) that has emerged as a promising material for use in construction and engineering. ECC is designed based on micromechanical theory, resulting in a remarkable tensile strain capacity of over 6%, while maintaining a low fiber volume fraction of no more than 2%. The material’s high flexibility enables it to be molded into various shapes, and it exhibits excellent mechanical properties, making it suitable for field applications such as the construction of joint-less deck slabs, link slabs, and retrofitting of critical structures like dams and tunnels. However, the accurate characterization of ECC’s properties requires the use of appropriate testing methods, particularly regarding its mechanical characteristics, including compressive strength, flexural strength, and direct and indirect tensile strength. This review highlights the significance of understanding ECC’s mechanical properties and emphasizes the importance of using appropriate testing techniques to evaluate the material’s properties and structural behavior.
Influence of substituting aggregates on the characteristics of high-strength concrete
Authors: Mahajan Akshat , Sharma Pushpendra Kumar
Published: May 2024

High-strength concrete (HSC) is a specialized form of concrete that possesses enhanced compressive strength compared to conventional concretes. In the initial phase of the experimental study, silica fume and metakaolin were utilized as additional supplementary cementitious materials in various percentages ranging from 6% to 12% for making different trails to obtain the concrete mix with high strength. Test results indicated that trail mix having 10% silica fume and metakaolin gave the desired strength. The second phase of the study incorporates the utilization of crushed granite coarse aggregates at varying replacement ratio ranging from 0 to 100%, serving as a substitute for natural aggregates. Test results demonstrated the better quality of crushed granite aggregates in contrast with locally available natural aggregates, enhanced strength properties of concrete including compressive strength, split tensile strength, Flexural strength, etc at each replacement percentage, thus suggesting the use of crushed granite a favorable option for obtaining high strength concrete.
Tree based Regression Models for Predicting the Compressive Strength of Concrete at High Temperature
Authors: Arora Gourav , Kumar Devender , Singh Balraj
Published: May 2024

Predicting the compressive strength of concrete is a complicated process due to the heterogeneous mixture of concrete and high variable materials. Researchers have predicted the compressive strength of concrete for various mixes using soft computing models. In this research, compressive strength of concrete at high temperature with fly ash, super plasticizers, and fibre is predicted using three regression tree-based soft computing models (Random Forest, Random Tree, and Reduced-Error Pruning Tree (REP Tree)). The data used in this study is collected from the literature, and two-thirds of the total data is used for model training, while the remaining third is reserved for testing the prepared model. The model’s performance is evaluated based on scatter plots, variation plots, box plots, and prediction error rates, i.e., R, RMSE, and MAE. The results highlight the highest performance of the Random Forest model, with R of 0.9142; RMSE of 9.6285 MPa and MAE of 6.7931 MPa, outperforming the other competing models. Furthermore, the most influential parameter is determined using sensitivity analysis. Thus, the Random Forest model is the model that can be used for predicting the compressive strength of concrete at high temperatures.
Recycled Materials as Resource in Concrete for Sustainability
Authors: Shashank R , Prashanth S , Shetru Samanyu , Prasad Bs Guru , Prathima G
Published: May 2024

Though concrete offers several benefits like strength, versatility in shape, and cost-effectiveness yet stands far from the point of Sustainability. The natural ingredients are getting exhausted and hence alternative materials have picked up these places and thereby point towards replacement of natural materials by secondary materials.The present study orients towards the use of recycled aggregates for M40 grade concrete that is obtained from construction and demolition waste both coarse and fine as a complete replacement to natural coarse and fine aggregates. The concrete specimens are tested for 7, 28 days normally. This results in understanding the performance of recycled concrete mix. The same may be compared to conventional mix for finding of compressive strength. The normal mix observed has attained nearly 98% of the target strength while the recycled mix was 86% at 28 days of curing, which indicates the secondary materials can provide a replacement for the natural aggregates. Also, in the concrete cement is replaced by fly ash in regular percentages - 20, 40, and 60% and with recycled materials indicates results of better performance in strength at 20 and 40% in both normal and recycle mix than at 60%. Fly ash is considered a good alternative for an eco-friendly environment.
A pragmatic review paper on the use of recycled aggregates in concrete
Authors: Purohit Brahma Dutta , Samaiya Nitin Kumar , Babu VS
Published: May 2024

The incorporation of recycled aggregate into concrete may have a number of potential benefits, one of which is the maintenance of the natural environment, which also contributes to the expansion of the economy. In the not too distant future, recycled aggregates are destined to take the lion’s share of the market for construction materials. Recycled aggregate is rapidly being utilised as a kind of construction material in a broad variety of building projects throughout a number of nations in Europe, North America, and Asia. These building projects can be found in a variety of countries. These countries are among those that are taken into account: In an effort to increase the amount of recycled aggregate that is employed in building projects, several nations are relaxing some restrictions that regulate infrastructure. This is being done in an effort to improve the quantity of recycled aggregate that is used. Within the scope of this investigation, we will look at the fundamental characteristics of recycled fine aggregate in addition to recycled coarse aggregate. In addition to that, it investigates these properties by considering natural aggregates as a reference point. In this study, the researchers investigated a wide variety of treatment strategies, such as Cement treatment, mineral additives, modified concrete mixers, and mineral admixtures, warm mix asphalt and hydrated lime, CO2 curing technique, silica gel techniques, waste oil and asphalt emulsion, mechanical grinding or ball milling, thermal treatment, chemical and calcium metasilicate slurry, carbonation and wrapping methods, non materials, and super plasticizability. The researchers found that chemical treatment, mechanical The application of a ball mill, another kind of grinding equipment, or a certain kind of chemical method might be used. The particulars of each therapy approach, as well as the outcomes of employing each treatment strategy, are explained in a way that is simple to comprehend and does not delve into excessive detail.
Comparative Study of Static and Dynamic Analysis of Multistoried Building
Authors: Rauniyar Akash Prasad , Juneja Er. Deepak
Published: May 2024

In a moderate seismic activity, relying solely on the static force method to estimate the seismic force assessing the vulnerability and behaviour of RCC buildings under seismic loads is insufficient. The seismic response of the building system is highly influenced by the analysis method adopted. In the past years, static approaches were preferred due to their simplicity, although these methods provided safe design, they may have been overly cautious. Dynamic analysis, on the other hand, is a fundamental aspect of structural mechanics, that describes and predicts the behaviour of structures subjected to dynamic loads. Dynamic load includes wind, imposed load, earthquake, etc. Dynamic analysis techniques, such as modal analysis, time history analysis, and dynamic displacement analysis. RCC structures are mainly designed to resist static load. This process of ignoring dynamic events sometimes becomes the cause of disasters, especially in the case of earthquakes. This research paper provides information on the comparison of various parameters in static and dynamic analysis. Two RCC multistoried residential buildings (g+10 and g+25) acting on seismic zone IV are analyzed using the static analysis method and response spectrum method with ETABS 16. The research investigates the effect on various structural parameters such as story displacement, story drift, and support reactions. The results are compared and evaluated to assess the performance of the response spectrum method over the static analysis method.
Inhibition of hepatocellular carcinoma cells through ferroptosis therapy using Fe3O4/Ag nanocomposites
Authors: Lin Hongfeng , Chen Jianhong , Zhang Zhongyan , Wang Yuxu
Published: May 2024

In the current study, Fe3O4/Ag nanohybrids demonstrating high efficiency in liver cancer ferroptosis therapy and MR imaging were synthesized using a facile one-pot approach. Subsequently, their morphology, chemical composition, structure, Fenton reaction activity, and magnetic resonance (MR) contrast effect were systemically assessed. Importantly, the in vitro studies demonstrated that the Fe3O4/Ag nanohybrids had a high therapeutic efficiency in treating liver cancer cells and performed exceptionally well during T2-weight MR imaging. Correspondingly, these Fe3O4/Ag nanohybrids demonstrate significant potential for use in the field of biomedicine.
Emerging functions of two-dimensional materials in memristive neurons
Authors: Hong Yuwan , Liu Yanming , Li Ruonan , Tian He
Published: May 2024

Neuromorphic computing (NC), considered as a promising candidate for future computer architecture, can facilitate more biomimetic intelligence while reducing energy consumption. Neuron is one of the critical building blocks of NC systems. Researchers have been engaged in promoting neuron devices with better electrical properties and more biomimetic functions. Two-dimensional (2D) materials, with ultrathin layers, diverse band structures, featuring excellent electronic properties and various sensing abilities, are promised to realize these requirements. Here, the progress of artificial neurons brought by 2D materials is reviewed, from the perspective of electrical performance of neuron devices, from stability, tunability to power consumption and on/off ratio. Rose up to system-level applications, algorithms and hardware implementation of spiking neural network, stochastic neural network and artificial perception system based on 2D materials are reviewed. 2D materials not only facilitate the realization of NC systems but also increase the integration density. Finally, current challenges and perspectives on developing 2D material-based neurons and NC systems are systematically analyzed, from the bottom 2D materials fabrication to novel neural devices, more brain-like computational algorithms and systems.
Highly efficient nonlinear compression of mJ pulses at 2 μm wavelength to 20 fs in a gas-filled multi-pass cell
Authors: Eisenbach Lucas , Wang Ziyao , Schulte Jan , Heuermann Tobias , Russbüldt Peter , Meyer Rudolf , Gierschke Philipp , Lenski Mathias , Sugiura Muneo , Tamura Koichi , Limpert Jens , Häfner Constantin
Published: May 2024

Within this work we demonstrate the highly efficient nonlinear spectral broadening and subsequent temporal compression of 1.49 mJ pulses at 101 kHz repetition rate from an ultrafast thulium-doped fiber laser system employing a gas-filled multi-pass cell (MPC). To achieve spectral broadening, we use a krypton and helium-filled Herriott-type MPC with highly reflective broadband dielectric mirrors. The spectrally broadened pulses are subsequently compressed using fused-silica plates, resulting in a pulse duration of 20 fs and an overall excellent transmission of 96%. Furthermore, the beam quality is preserved up to the maximum output power of 144 W. It provides, to the best of our knowledge, the highest average power with few-cycle pulses at 2 µm wavelength with almost 10 times more pulse energy and 3 times more average power than previous 2 µm MPCs, enabling future secondary source experiments.
Enhancing hyperspectral imaging through macro and multi-modal capabilities
Authors: Ardini Benedetto , Corti Matteo , Ghirardello Marta , Di Benedetto Alessia , Berti Letizia , Cattò Cristina , Goidanich Sara , Sciutto Giorgia , Prati Silvia , Valentini Gianluca , Manzoni Cristian , Comelli Daniela , Candeo Alessia
Published: May 2024

Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) has emerged as an effective tool to obtain spatially resolved spectral information of artworks by combining optical imaging with spectroscopy. This technique has proven its efficacy in providing valuable information both at the large and microscopic scale. Interestingly, the macro scale has yet to be thoroughly investigated using this technology. While standard HSI methods include the use of spatial or spectral filters, alternative methods based on Fourier-transform interferometry have also been utilised. Among these, a hyperspectral camera employing a birefringent common-path interferometer, named TWINS, has been developed, showing a high robustness and versatility. In this paper, we propose the combination of TWINS with a macro imaging system for the study of cultural heritage (CH). We will show how the macro-HSI system was designed, and we will demonstrate its efficient capabilities to collect interferometric images with high visibility and good signal of both reflectance and fluorescence on the same field of view, even on non-flat samples. Our hyperspectral camera for macro studies of both reflectance and fluorescence data is a completely new asset in the CH panorama and beyond. The relevance of the macro technology is demonstrated in two case studies, aiding in the analysis of biofilms on stone samples and of the degradation of dyed textiles.
Brillouin scattering from biomedical samples: the challenge of heterogeneity
Authors: Cardinali M A , Caponi S , Mattarelli M , Fioretto D
Published: May 2024

Brillouin light scattering (BLS), a non-destructive and non-contact technique, offers a powerful tool for probing the micromechanical properties of biological tissues. However, the inherent heterogeneity of biological tissues can pose significant challenges in interpreting BLS spectra. In this study, we introduce a novel method that harnesses the intensity information within a single BLS spectrum to directly estimate the Voigt average of the longitudinal modulus. Additionally, we use a method to determine the ratio of the squared Pockels coefficients for photoelastically heterogeneous samples, based on global analysis of a 2D BLS map. This method is shown to effectively determine the photoelastic ratio of soft and hard components of human bone tissues, enabling the calculation of the average elastic moduli. Furthermore, it has the remarkable ability to generate maps of the filling factor of the scattering volume, shedding valuable light on the intricate structure and topography of rough surfaces under BLS mapping.