bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH FDR DAN BOPO TERHADAP ROA PADA BANK UMUM SYARIAH (BUS) TAHUN 2019-2022
Authors: Nisa Hilmi Ismatun , Khusna Isna Imroatul , Khoirunnisa Isnaini , Pranata Johan Dwi
Published: August 2024

This research aims to analyze the impact of FDR (Financing to Deposit Ratio) and BOPO (Operating Costs to Operational Income) on ROA (Return Of Assets) in Islamic commercial banks from 2019 to 2022. Through analysis using a quantitative approach, it was found that FDR has negative influence on ROA, indicating that a high financing to deposit ratio can potentially reduce the bank's financial performance. In contrast, BOPO shows a significant positive correlation with ROA, highlighting the importance of operational efficiency in improving financial performance. It was also found that the right balance between high FDR and low BOPO can optimize ROA. These results emphasize the need for careful management of these two factors to improve the financial performance of Islamic commercial banks throughout this period. Further research and continuous monitoring of these dynamics are needed to develop more effective strategies to improve ROA in Islamic commercial banks.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak FDR (Financing to Deposit Ratio) dan BOPO (Biaya Operasional terhadap Pendapatan Operasional) terhadap ROA (Return Of Assets) pada bank umum syariah dari tahun 2019 hingga 2022. Melalui analisis dengan pendekatan kuantitatif, ditemukan bahwa FDR memiliki pengaruh negatif terhadap ROA, menunjukkan bahwa rasio pembiayaan terhadap simpanan yang tinggi dapat berpotensi mengurangi kinerja keuangan bank. Sebaliknya, BOPO menunjukkan korelasi positif yang signifikan dengan ROA, menyoroti pentingnya efisiensi operasional dalam meningkatkan kinerja keuangan. Ditemukan juga bahwa keseimbangan yang tepat antara FDR yang tinggi dengan BOPO yang rendah dapat mengoptimalkan ROA. Hasil ini menegaskan perlunya manajemen yang cermat terhadap kedua faktor ini untuk meningkatkan kinerja finansial bank umum syariah sepanjang periode tersebut. Penelitian lebih lanjut dan pemantauan kontinu terhadap dinamika ini diperlukan untuk mengembangkan strategi yang lebih efektif guna memperbaiki ROA pada bank umum syariah.
IMPLEMENTASI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN AUDIO VISUAL DI MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH NEGERI 6 JEMBER
Authors: Efendi Arfan , Sutomo Moh. , Mashudi Mashudi
Published: August 2024

The implementation of audio-visual learning media is very good for learning in madrasah, because students learn. This implementation is not only to attract attention so that students are able to pay attention to what material is in it, but the implementation of this learning media is to improve their memory through audio-visual learning. As according to Hamalik (Atin Fatimah 2019: 23) there are three factors that affect the success of a learning media implementation, namely: support from the head of the madrasah, peer teacher support, and internal support in the classroom. This implementation will not work if it is only driven by one factor such as the teacher, but everything will work if all are able to encourage and influence each other to keep running well an audio-visual learning media
Socio-Economic Determinants of Migration in Pakistan
Authors: Nazesh Altaf
Published: August 2024

Different migration theories represent different variables about determinants, degrees, and dynamics of migration. Some other theories discuss the economic aspects of migration at the personal and household level, such as the neo-classical and the new economics of colonial theories. This study examines the determinants of migration based on current theories of migration. We use primary (micro) data for this purpose: Pakistan Demographic Household Survey (PDHS) 2017-18. Moreover, we think that the decision to migrate is not the individual’s decision; it is the collective decision of the home, and we have included the household-level characteristics in the analysis. The study aims to analyse the socio-economic determinants of migration in Pakistan. Logistic regression is applied to assess the impact of socio-economic determinants of migration in Pakistan. Marriages (71%) play a major role in immigration decision-making in Pakistan, and migration in Pakistan is the predominant factor.  Education has a positive relationship with migration. The better economic opportunities have a significant impact on migration.
Factors Driving Performance of Public Sector Organizations (PSOs): A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Zafar Muhammad Moin , Rathore Dr. Kashif
Published: August 2024

This Systematic Literature Review (SLR) has been conducted to identify factors that drive Public Sector Organizations (PSOs) performance. A research question has been formulated to pursue the objective, and the ‘Organizational Performance’ concept has been operationalised. 3,423 research results have been obtained after searching the identified keywords in the ‘ISI Web of Science’, which have been reduced to 921 after refinement. Finally, 304 research articles were included for analysis after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. After a comprehensive review of the included research articles, more than 200 factors that influence the performance of PSOs have been identified. These factors were later classified and summarized into 9 main categories/themes. The author concludes the review paper by presenting a comprehensive model summarising the factors influencing PSOs' performance.
Factors Influencing Character Building of Learners at Secondary Level
Authors: Qadeer Abida , Hussain Mazhar , Ullah Naeem
Published: August 2024

Character building plays a pivotal role in shaping the holistic development of learners at the secondary level. This extended abstract examines the multifaceted factors influencing character-building among students at this crucial stage of their education. Drawing upon a synthesis of existing literature and research findings, the abstract identifies and discusses several key factors that significantly impact the character-building of secondary-level learners. Family dynamics, parental involvement, and the quality of parent-child relationships profoundly shape students' moral and ethical values. Supportive family environments foster empathy, responsibility, and self-discipline, laying the foundation for positive character traits. Institutions, including schools and teachers, play a pivotal role in character building. School culture, leadership and effective pedagogical strategies facilitate the cultivation of traits such as honesty, respect, and integrity. Furthermore, peer relationships exert a significant influence on character development during adolescence. Peer interactions and social norms shape students' attitudes. Individual differences, including temperament, personality traits, and life experiences, contribute to the complexity of character development. Resilience, self-efficacy, and moral reasoning abilities vary among students, influenced by genetic predispositions and environmental factors.
Exploring the Link between Intellectual Capital and Firm Financial Performance through Mediation of Innovation Speed
Authors: Siddiqui Muhammad Fahad , Sattar Shahzadi , Nawaz Sadaf , Ijaz Sohail
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to examine the association between intellectual capital and the financial performance of firms, taking innovation speed into account as a mediating factor. Our study paradigm is built upon the innovation literature and the IC viewpoint. Utilizing structural equation modeling, we examine data gathered from the top 10 information technology companies operating in Pakistan, with 320 employees serving as the sample size for the model's testing. The findings indicate a significant association between the elements of intellectual capital, i.e., human and structural capital, and the speed of innovation. This relationship, in turn, improves the financial performance of a company. The speed of innovation serves as a crucial mediator, magnifying the influence of human and structural capital on economic performance. Among the limited number of research papers exploring the potential mediating influence of innovation speed on the association between intellectual capital and firm performance, this study significantly contributes to the existing body of knowledge in human resource management concerning innovation and intellectual capital. Moreover, it offers practical comprehensions for managers on harmonizing their practices and strategies to cultivate intellectual capital while simultaneously striving towards the Firm's financial performance objectives and fostering innovation.
Resettlement action plan of Lagos red rail line and project affected persons’ (paps) perception
Authors:   Department of Public Administration Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria, ATOBATELE Abolaji Jamiu , OLUWASEUN Olayinka ,   Department of Computer Science Federal Polytechnic Ilaro, Nigeria, MOLIKI Ahmed Olawale ,   Department of Political Science Tai Solarin University of Educatio Ijagun, Nigeria
Published: August 2024

This study emphasizes on the project affected persons and their perception concerning the activities of government in Lagos State. Lagos Red Rail Line is going to be a laudable project that will enhance socioeconomic development of the State and reduce traffic jam when completed. The study employed survey research technique which include administration of interview to the respondents through focus group discussion in Ikeja, Yaba, Mushin and Oyingbo and secondary source of data such as Journals, Internet, Government Gazette, and Magazines. The study reveals that lack of confidence in government coupled with high rate of illiteracy is responsible to the negative reaction of the project affected persons. The study therefore recommends that government at all levels in Lagos State and Nigeria at large should build the confidence of the residents in the State and Nigeria by fulfilling the promises made to residents of Lagos State and Nigerians before and after the elections.
Perspectives on the administrative-territorial reorganization of Romania
Authors:   Faculty of Public Administration The National University of Political Studies and Public Administration Bucharest, Romania, DINCĂ Dragoș Valentin , CHIPER Cătălin ,   Chamber of Deputies, Parliament of Romania Bucharest, Romania
Published: August 2024

The territorial administrative organization of Romania has been a highly debated topic in recent years at the public level. Thus, immediately after 1990, in the light of the new vision regarding the organization of the state and society, the issue of territorial administrative reorganization was raised, especially since almost all the legislation prior to 1990 had been changed. Later, at various stages in the evolution of Romanian society and especially in the context of Romania's accession to the European Union, the subject reappeared. In this last context, the problem arose of the non-existence of a correspondence between the Romanian administrative structures and those existing at European level. The issue was somehow resolved by the establishment of the regions as territorial-statistical units without legal personality, representing the framework for the elaboration, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of regional development policies, including regional development strategies and economic and social cohesion programs
How different public authorities reflect international migration?
Authors:   Faculty of Business and Administration, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania, COZMA Anamaria Georgiana
Published: August 2024

Migration represents a social phenomenon, influential and which is encountered globally, especially in Romania, where people choose to leave the country in search of better conditions, meaning that Romanian migration represents the most frequent typology of migration encountered in Europe by East and West. Romanian migration represents a form of dynamic migration, which produces significant changes, and its effects are most felt in the economic and social sphere. However, an important aspect of migration and diaspora is represented by the way data is reported both at the national and international level, especially since such information helps to evaluate and monitor Romanian citizens outside the border, influences the perception of diaspora and contributes to the development and implementation of policies dedicated to this community.
Influencia del Etnocentrismo en las Decisiones de Compra de Plátanos Producidos en El Oro, Ecuador
Authors: Espinosa Aguilar Marcos Antonio , Calle Armijos Víctor Hugo , Ramírez Castro Adolfo Emilio , Loayza Romero Carlos Felipe
Published: August 2024

El estudio analiza cómo el etnocentrismo del consumidor impacta la preferencia por productos locales en El Oro, Ecuador. Utilizando la escala CETSCALE, se midió el grado de etnocentrismo en una muestra de 514 habitantes. Los resultados muestran que una mayoría significativa prefiere los plátanos locales, motivados por un fuerte etnocentrismo y lealtad regional. Factores demográficos como la edad, el nivel educativo y el ingreso influyen en estas preferencias, con consumidores mayores y de mayores ingresos mostrando mayor etnocentrismo. Los participantes con menores ingresos y menor nivel educativo son más sensibles al precio, lo que puede afectar su capacidad para priorizar productos locales percibidos como más costosos. El etnocentrismo no solo se basa en una preferencia por productos nacionales, sino también en percepciones morales y económicas, viendo la compra de productos de otras regiones como una amenaza para la economía doméstica y el empleo. Este comportamiento sugiere que las estrategias de marketing y políticas públicas deben promover el consumo de productos locales, resaltando sus beneficios económicos, sociales y ambientales. El estudio concluye que es necesario mejorar las estrategias de marketing y educación para maximizar los beneficios de la producción local y responder a las preferencias de los consumidores de manera efectiva.
Aprendizaje basado en proyectos como metodología de enseñanza de la matemática en bachillerato general unificado
Authors: Tustón Villacrés David Roberto , Allauca Yumiseba Gisell Paola , Espín Mendoza Irma Victoria , Ibujés Hernández Aníbal Fernando , Méndez Méndez Mariela Patricia
Published: August 2024

Esta investigación tiene como propuesta aplicar una metodología activa de aprendizaje en la    asignatura de matemática, tomando en cuenta que la planificación curricular imprecisa y descontextualizada no guarda relación con la realidad sociocultural y económica del estudiantado, se implementa el Aprendizaje Basado en Proyectos a la enseñanza de la matemática, se propone la utilización de la metodología Design Thinking en el desarrollo de la investigación, se emplea en una muestra probabilística de veinte y seis individuos; se aplica una prueba de normalidad de Shapiro Wilk y una T de Student para la comparación de sus medias, el corte es transversal y de panel, los resultados, se muestran como consecuencia de experimentar con un mismo grupo en un antes y un después de la intervención.
Comparación entre Sistema Anglosajón y Régimen Administrativo: Implicaciones para la Protección de Derechos
Authors: González Solórzano Geancarlos Steven
Published: August 2024

El principio de legalidad es esencial en el derecho administrativo, exigiendo que todas las acciones estatales se basen en normas jurídicas preexistentes. Este principio, que tiene raíces en la filosofía de Aristóteles y el Derecho Romano, se ha consolidado a lo largo de la historia, desde la Edad Media hasta el Renacimiento, y ha influenciado el Estado de Derecho moderno. La legalidad garantiza que la administración pública actúe conforme a la ley, promoviendo decisiones justas y proporcionales, lo que se denomina razonabilidad. Comparar el sistema anglosajón y el régimen administrativo revela diferencias significativas en la aplicación del principio de legalidad. En el sistema anglosajón, vigente en países como Inglaterra y Estados Unidos, el common law se basa en precedentes judiciales, ofreciendo flexibilidad para la evolución del derecho a través de decisiones y la interpretación de casos anteriores. Sin embargo, esta flexibilidad puede resultar en costos elevados y una complejidad en la resolución de casos, como se vio en el caso de los "Guildford Four", que mostró deficiencias en la administración de justicia debido a errores judiciales y pruebas fabricadas. En contraste, el régimen administrativo, típico de los sistemas de derecho continental, se basa en un marco legal codificado que define claramente las competencias y procedimientos administrativos. Este enfoque previene conflictos y asegura un funcionamiento eficiente del Estado, pero puede ser visto como rígido y menos adaptable en comparación con el common law. Ambos sistemas presentan fortalezas y debilidades en la protección de derechos. Una posible solución sería fusionar la codificación del régimen administrativo con la flexibilidad del common law, incorporando mecanismos de revisión judicial que mejoren la transparencia y participación pública, optimizando así la protección de derechos en una estructura legal más adaptable.
THE TRUTH ABOUT MOLLA PANAH VAGIF: CONVERSATION WITH PUPILS AND STUDENTS
Authors: Abbasov Akif
Published: August 2024

The article talks about Vagif's Poetry Days. Before the Armenian occupation and now, Vagif's Poetry Days are held in Shusha. Government officials, prominent writers and poets, representatives of culture and art, and foreign guests participate and give speeches in the ceremony. The article simultaneously recalls Vagif's life and work, and reports on the difficulties and painful moments he faced.
Pengaruh Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Make a Match Terhadap Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik
Authors: Akmal Indah Aprilia , Pangestu Deviyanti , Erni Erni
Published: August 2024

Masalah pada penelitian ini adalah masih rendahnya hasil belajar IPS peserta didik kelas V SD Negeri 5 Jatimulyo. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh model kooperatif tipe make a match berbantuan media flashcard terhadap hasil belajar IPS peserta didik kelas V sekolah dasar, pengaruh model kooperatif tipe make a match berbantuan media audio visual terhadap hasil belajar IPS peserta didik kelas V sekolah dasar, perbedaan pengaruh antara pengaruh model kooperatif tipe make a match berbantuan media flashcard dan audio visual terhadap hasil belajar IPS peserta didik kelas V sekolah dasar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode quasi eksperimen dengan desain penelitian non equivalent control group design. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 63 peserta didik. Penentuan sampel penelitian menggunakan teknik sampling non probability sampling dengan jenis teknik purposive sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik tes berupa pilihan jamak.
Pastoring the ICT World: Navigating the Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Usman Adekuba
Published: August 2024

In a world where Information and Communication Technology (ICT) affects almost every aspect of life, pastoral care must adapt to meet the spiritual, emotional, and social needs of individuals in the digital age. This paper explores the unique challenges and opportunities that ICT presents for pastoral ministry, including the potential for digital outreach, the risks of digital disconnection, and strategies for effective pastoral care in a tech-driven world. Key areas of focus include the necessity for digital literacy among clergy, the integration of artificial intelligence in digital counseling, and the use of data analytics to understand digital engagement in religious activities. By examining case studies and current practices, this paper offers insights and recommendations for pastors aiming to integrate ICT into their ministries effectively. The goal is to equip religious leaders with the knowledge and tools necessary to navigate this complex landscape while maintaining the core values and mission of their ministries.
Utilization of Fintech in Selected Tourism Establishment in Bongabong, Oriental Mindoro
Authors: Magtibay Angelica S. , Camposano Kristian L. , Melendres Jared M.
Published: August 2024

Assessing the role of FinTech in the tourism sector is crucial for creating value and driving economic growth. This study focused on examining the business profile and utilization of FinTech in tourism establishments located in Bongabong, Oriental Mindoro. Employing a descriptive-correlational research design, data were collected through a self-made questionnaire, participated by 15 tourism establishments. The collected data were analyzed using frequency, weighted mean, and Pearson's r. The correlation analysis indicated that there was no significant relationship observed between the business profile and the utilization of FinTech in terms of organization management and customer management. This suggests that the adoption and utilization of FinTech in these areas may not be strongly influenced by the specific characteristics of the establishments. These results emphasize the importance of further research and exploration to better understand and enhance the utilization of FinTech in the tourism sector. It is essential to explore alternative factors or strategies that could facilitate the effective integration of FinTech solutions. Future studies could consider investigating other variables that may influence the adoption and utilization of FinTech, such as technological readiness, regulatory environment, or customer preferences. The study's implications highlight the significance of considering the unique characteristics and needs of tourism establishments when implementing FinTech solutions. This may ultimately lead to improved operational efficiency, enhanced customer experiences, and increased competitiveness in the tourism industry in Bongabong, Oriental Mindoro.
TERCEIRO MOLAR INCLUSO/IMPACTADO-RELATO DE CASO
Authors:   Saul Alfredo Antezana Vera, Alves Francisco
Published: August 2024

The study examined a clinical case of extraction of an impacted/impacted upper right third molar.  the 21-year-old patient, wing 1, went to the teaching clinic of the Faculty of Dentistry of Manaus-FOM to request treatment for element 18. After authorization through the Informed Consent Form, treatment began.  Throughout the anamnesis, the patient mentioned painful symptoms in the right region of the maxilla, which caused great discomfort. Clinical and imaging exams were also carried out, with tooth number 18 showing gingival inflammation. The procedure chosen was extraction. The conclusion is that the dental surgeon must carry out clinical and auxiliary examinations, as in the case in question, the appropriate indication of a less traumatic method resulted in satisfactory results.
Promising Opportunities for Improving Round-Trip Efficiencies in Liquid Air Energy Storage (LAES)
Authors: Ren Siyue , Gundersen Truls , Feng Xiao
Published: August 2024

As a promising electricity storage system, Liquid Air Energy Storage (LAES) has the main advantage of being geographically unconstrained. LAES has a considerable potential in energy efficiency improvement by utilizing compression heat and integrating with other systems. In this work, the Stirling Engine (SE) is introduced to improve the energy efficiency of the LAES system. Three LAES-SE systems are modelled in Aspen HYSYS and optimized by the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. The studied systems include (i) the LAES system with 3 compressors and 3 expanders (3C+3E) using an SE to recover the compression heat, (ii) the 3C+3E LAES system with LNG regasification and SE, and (iii) the 3C+3E LAES system with solar energy and SE. The optimization results show that the Round-Trip Efficiencies (RTEs) of the LAES-SE system and the LNG-LAES-SE systems are 68.2% and 73.7%, which are 3.2% and 8.7% points higher than the basic 3C+3E LAES-ORC system with an RTE of 65.0%. For the Solar-LAES-SE system, a revised RTE and the economic performance with solar energy input are optimized. The traditional RTE for the Solar-LAES-SE system, which only accounts for power produced and consumed in the discharging and charging sections, is 189% and 173% respectively, when optimized with respect to energy and economic performances. The revised RTE accounts for the integrated external sources, avoiding the confusing result that the RTE becomes larger than 100%. The energy and economic performances of the Solar-LAES-SE system are proved to be the best compared with the Solar-LAES-ORC and Solar energy directly heated-LAES systems.
Neural Networks for Prediction of Complex Chemistry in Water Treatment Process Optimization
Authors: Dudchenko Alexander V. , Amusat Oluwamayowa O.
Published: August 2024

Water chemistry plays a critical role in the design and operation of water treatment processes. Detailed chemistry modeling tools use a combination of advanced thermodynamic models and extensive databases to predict phase equilibria and reaction phenomena. The complexity and formulation of these models preclude their direct integration in equation-oriented modeling platforms, making it difficult to use their capabilities for rigorous water treatment process optimization. Neural networks (NN) can provide a pathway for integrating the predictive capability of chemistry software into equation-oriented models and enable optimization of complex water treatment processes across a broad range of conditions and process designs. Herein, we assess how NN architecture and training data impact their accuracy and use in equation-oriented water treatment models. We generate training data using PhreeqC software and determine how data generation and sample size impact the accuracy of trained NNs. The effect of NN architecture on optimization is evaluated by optimizing hypothetical black-box desalination processes using a range of feed compositions from USGS brackish water data set, tracking the number of successful optimizations, and testing the impact of initial guess on the final solution. Our results clearly demonstrate that data generation and architecture impact NN accuracy and viability for use in equation-oriented optimization problems.
Model assessment for Design of Future Manufacturing systems using Digital Twins: A case study on a single-scale pharmaceutical manufacturing unit
Authors: Jagadeesan Prem , Singh Shweta
Published: August 2024

Designing a digital twin will be crucial in developing automation-based future manufacturing systems. The design of digital twins involves data-driven modelling of individual manufacturing units and interactions between the various entities. The goals of future manufacturing units such as zero waste at the plant scale can be formulated as a model-based optimal control problem by identifying the necessary state, control inputs, and manipulated variables. The fundamental assumption of any model-based control scheme is the availability of a �reasonable model�, and hence, assessing the goodness of the model in terms of stability and sensitivity around the optimal parameter value becomes imperative. This work analyses the data-driven model of an acetaminophen production plant obtained from SINDy, a nonlinear system identification algorithm using sparse identification techniques. Initially, we linearize the system around optimal parameter values and use local stability analysis to assess the stability of the identified model. Further, we use what is known as a conditional sloppiness analysis to identify the sensitivity of the parameters around the optimal parameter values to non-infinitesimal perturbations. The conditional sloppiness analysis will reveal the geometry of the parameter space around the optimal parameter values. This analysis eventually gives valuable information on the robustness of the predictions to the changes in the parameter values. We also identify sensitive and insensitive parameter direction. Finally, we show using numerical simulations that the linearized SINDy model is not good enough for control system design. The pole-placement controller is not robust, and with high probability, the control system becomes unstable to very minimum parameter uncertainty in the gain matrix.
Reinforcement Learning-Driven Process Design: A Hydrodealkylation Example
Authors: Tian Yuhe , Akintola Ayooluwa , Jiang Yazhou , Wang Dewei , Bao Jie , Zamarripa Miguel A. , Paul Brandon , Chen Yunxiang , Gao Peiyuan , Noring Alexander , Iyengar Arun , Liu Andrew , Marina Olga , Koeppel Brian , Xu Zhijie
Published: August 2024

In this work, we present a follow-up work of reinforcement learning (RL)-driven process design using the Institute for Design of Advanced Energy Systems Process Systems Engineering (IDAES-PSE) Framework. Herein, process designs are generated as stream inlet-outlet matrices and optimized using the IDAES platform, the objective function value of which is the reward to RL agent. Deep Q-Network is employed as the RL agent including a series of convolutional neural network layers and fully connected layers to compute the actions of adding or removing any stream connections, thus creating a new process design. The process design is then informed back to the RL agent to refine its learning. The iteration continues until the maximum number of steps is reached with feasible process designs generated. To further expedite the RL search of the design space which can comprise the selection of any candidate unit(s) with arbitrary stream connections, we investigate the role of RL reward function and their impacts on exploring more complicated versus intensified process configurations. A sub-space search strategy is also developed to branch the combinatorial design space to accelerate the discovery of feasible process design solutions particularly when a large pool of candidate process units is selected by the user. The potential of the enhanced RL-assisted process design strategy is showcased via a hydrodealkylation example.
Design and Optimization of Processes for Recovering Rare Earth Elements from End-of-Life Hard Disk Drives
Authors: Laliwala Chris , Torres Ana I.
Published: August 2024

As the United States continues efforts to decarbonize the power and transportation sectors, significant challenges associated with the reliance of clean energy technologies on rare earth elements (REEs) will have to be overcome. One potential approach for increasing the supply of these elements is to extract REEs from end-of-life (EOL) hard disk drives (HDDs). HDDs contain neodymium and praseodymium, which are among the most important REEs for the clean energy transition, as they are crucial to producing the permanent magnets needed for wind turbines and electric vehicles. Here, we propose a superstructure-based approach to find the optimal pathway for recovering REEs from EOL HDDs. The superstructure was optimized by maximizing the net present value (NPV) over 15 years. Projected prices for commercial rare earth oxides and the projected amount of EOL HDDs in the U.S. were estimated and used in the model. These projections were used to establish the base case optimal result, assuming that the plant recycles 60% of personal computers EOL HDDs in the U.S. each year. The model was then expanded to consider the recycling of EOL HDDs generated before the beginning of plant production. Next, a sensitivity analysis was conducted to evaluate the impact of different parameters on the venture's profitability and the optimal processing pathway. Combined, these results offer both valuable insights into the economic viability of REE recycling extraction and a method for performing similar analyses in the future.
Towards Designing Sector-Coupled Energy Systems Within Planetary Boundaries
Authors: Shu David Y. , Hartmann Jan , Zibunas Christian , Baumg�rtner Nils , Assen Niklas von der , Bardow Andr�
Published: August 2024

The transition to net-zero greenhouse gas emissions requires a rapid redesign of energy systems. However, the redesign may shift environmental impacts to other categories than climate change. To assess the sustainability of the resulting impacts, the planetary boundaries framework provides absolute limits for environmental sustainability. This study uses the planetary boundaries framework to assess net-zero sector-coupled energy system designs for absolute environmental sustainability. Considering Germany as a case study, we extend the common focus on climate change in sustainable energy system design to seven additional Earth-system processes crucial for maintaining conditions favorable to human well-being. Our assessment reveals that transitioning to net-zero greenhouse gas emissions reduces many environmental impacts but is not equivalent to sustainability, as all net-zero designs transgress at least one planetary boundary. However, the environmental impacts vary substantially between net-zero designs, highlighting that design choices exist to address transgressions of planetary boundaries.
Integrated Ex-Ante Life Cycle Assessment and Techno-Economic Analysis of Biomass Conversion Technologies Featuring Evolving Environmental Policies
Authors: Huynh Dat T. , Ierapetritou Marianthi
Published: August 2024

Biorefineries can reduce carbon dioxide emissions while serving the global chemical demand market. Governments are also using carbon pricing policies, such as carbon taxes, cap-and-trade models, and carbon caps, as a strategy to reduce emissions. The use of biomass feedstocks in conjunction with carbon capture usage and storage technologies are mitigation strategies for global warming. Businesses can invest in these technologies to accommodate the adoption of these policies. Rapid action is necessary to halt global warming, which results in aggressive policies. In this work, a multi-period process design and planning problem is developed for the design and capacity expansion of biorefineries. The three carbon pricing policies are integrated into the model and parameters are selected according to the aggressive scenario denoted by the Paris Agreement. The results show that the cap-and-trade policy achieves a higher net present value evaluation over the carbon tax model across all pareto points due to the flexibility of the allowances in the cap-and-trade policy. The carbon cap model substantial investments are required in carbon capture technologies to adhere to the emissions constraints.
Optimal Membrane Cascade Design for Critical Mineral Recovery Through Logic-based Superstructure Optimization
Authors: Ovalle Daniel , Tran Norman , Laird Carl D. , Grossmann Ignacio E.
Published: August 2024

Critical minerals and rare earth elements play an important role in our climate change initiatives, particularly in applications related with energy storage. Here, we use discrete optimization approaches to design a process for the recovery of Lithium and Cobalt from battery recycling, through membrane separation. Our contribution involves proposing a Generalized Disjunctive Programming (GDP) model for the optimal design of a multistage diafiltration cascade for Li-Co separation. By solving the resulting nonconvex mixed-integer nonlinear program model to global optimality, we investigated scalability and solution quality variations with changes in the number of stages and elements per stage. Results demonstrate the computational tractability of the nonlinear GDP formulation for design of membrane separation processes while opening the door for decomposition strategies for multicomponent separation cascades. Future work aims to extend the GDP formulation to account for stage installation and explore various decomposition techniques to enhance solution efficiency.
Integration of a Chemical Heat Pump with a Post- combustion Carbon Capture Sorption Unit
Authors: Krishnadoss Rajalakshmi , Adams Thomas A.
Published: August 2024

A novel process system which integrates an isopropanol-based chemical heat pump with a post-combustion carbon capture unit was proposed, designed, and analyzed. The system uses low-quality waste heat (~80�C) produced through the CO2 adsorption step of a carbon capture process and upgrades that heat to a higher temperature (~150�C) using the chemical heat pump. The chemical heat pump is powered mostly by the waste heat and requires only a small amount of electricity. The higher temperature heat produced can be used in the desorption stage of the CO2 capture process, displacing a portion of the existing fossil energy required. The energy and exergy performance characteristics of the chemical heat pump were computed using the results of a steady state simulation in a systems analysis. Using exergy cost correlations, the profitability of the chemical heat pump concept was estimated. It was found that for this particular configuration, the fossil energy load of desorption could be reduced by roughly 2.7% with very little parasitic electric load.
Challenges in Design for Sustainability
Authors: Towler Gavin
Published: August 2024

There is a global consensus that steps must be taken to mitigate the impact of anthropogenic climate change. The Paris Agreement on climate change has been ratified by 192 countries and the signatories have pledged to make changes to their patterns of energy and land use that achieve �carbon neutrality� or net-zero emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) by approximately mid-century. In these countries, energy ministries, energy companies and utilities are evaluating alternative fuels and power sources that can deliver the heat and power required for a modern economy with reduced GHG emissions. While technically proven low-emissions alterna-tives exist for almost every application, most of these alternatives cost substantially more than the fuels or energy sources they replace. Consequently, most countries will use a combination of regulations, taxes and subsidies to distort the energy market in favor of the lower-emissions alternatives... (ABSTRACT ABBREVIATED)
Towards 3-fold sustainability in biopharmaceutical process development and product distribution
Authors: Sarkis Miriam , Sachio Steven , Shah Nilay , Kontoravdi Cleo , Papathanasiou Maria M.
Published: August 2024

The (bio-)pharmaceutical industry is facing crossroads in an effort to ramp up its global capacity, while working to meet net-zero targets and to ensure continuous drug supply. Beyond geopolitical challenges faced worldwide, (bio-)pharmaceutical processes have been historically very complex to design, optimise and integrate in a global distribution network that is resilient and adaptable to changes. In this paper we offer a perspective of how Process Systems Engineering (PSE) tools can support and advance (bio-)pharma practices with an outlook towards 3-fold sustainability. The latter is considering three main pillars, namely social (drug supply), economical and environmental sustainability. We discuss PSE contributions that have revolutionised process design in this space, as well as the optimisation of distributions networks in pharmaceuticals. We do this by means of example cases: one on model-based unit operation design and a second one on sustainable supply chain networks in the space of advanced therapeutics. As such, this contribution offers a perspective on how PSE methodologies can offer a systematic way to integrate social, environmental, and economical sustainability throughout process design and product distribution.
Recent Advances of PyROS: A Pyomo Solver for Nonconvex Two-Stage Robust Optimization in Process Systems Engineering
Authors: Sherman Jason A. F. , Isenberg Natalie M. , Siirola John D. , Gounaris Chrysanthos E.
Published: August 2024

In this work, we present recent algorithmic and implementation advances of the nonconvex two-stage robust optimization solver PyROS. Our advances include extensions of the scope of PyROS to models with uncertain variable bounds, improvements to the formulations and/or initializations of the various subproblems used by the underlying cutting set algorithm, and extensions to the pre-implemented uncertainty set interfaces. The effectiveness of PyROS is demonstrated through the results of an original benchmarking study on a library of over 8,500 small-scale instances, with variations in the nonlinearities, degree-of-freedom partitioning, uncertainty sets, and polynomial decision rule approximations. To demonstrate the utility of PyROS for large-scale process models, we present the results of a carbon capture case study. Overall, our results highlight the effectiveness of PyROS for obtaining robust solutions to optimization problems with uncertain equality constraints.
Design and Optimization of a Multipurpose Zero Liquid Discharge Desalination Plant
Authors: Barochia Dev , Nikkhah Hasan , Beykal Burcu
Published: August 2024

We study the design and optimization of a multicomponent seawater desalination process with zero liquid discharge (ZLD). The designed process is highly integrated with multiple sub processing units that include humidification-dehumidification, Lithium Bromide absorption chiller, multi-effect evaporators, mechanical vapor compression, and crystallization. Aspen Plus software with E-NRTL and SOLIDS thermodynamic packages are used for modeling and simulation of desalination and crystallization units, respectively. In addition to this, we use data-driven optimization to find the best operating condition (i.e., the temperature of the last effect evaporator) that minimizes the overall energy consumption of the designed plant with an output constraint imposed on the mass fraction of salts going to the ZLD system should be greater than 20 wt.% to achieve the ZLD goal. We use a local sample-based data-driven optimizer, Nonlinear Optimization with the Mesh Adaptive Direct Search (NOMAD) algorithm, to perform constrained simulation-based optimization. The results show that at the optimized temperature (71.58 �C), our design produces 1777 kg/hr drinking water with an energy consumption of 536 kW in comparison to 580 kW of energy consumption for the same plant output in the base case design (not optimized). Thus, data-driven optimization of the evaporator temperature improves the overall energy consumption by 7.5% and achieves higher desalination efficiency. Further, the integration of the crystallizer unit into the overall desalination process allows us to produce about 43 kg/h of NaCl and achieve ZLD.
Cost-optimal Selection of pH Control for Mineral Scaling Prevention in High Recovery Reverse Osmosis Desalination
Authors: Amusat Oluwamayowa O. , Dudchenko Alexander V. , Atia Adam A. , Bartholomew Timothy
Published: August 2024

Explicitly incorporating the effects of chemical phenomena such as chemical pretreatment and mineral scaling during the design of treatment systems is critical; however, the complexity of these phenomena and limitations on data have historically hindered the incorporation of detailed water chemistry into the modeling and optimization of water desalination systems. Thus, while qualitative assessments and experimental studies on chemical pretreatment and scaling are abundant in the literature, very little has been done to assess the technoeconomic implications of different chemical pretreatment alternatives within the context of end-to-end water treatment train optimization. In this work, we begin to address this challenge by exploring the impact of pH control during pretreatment on the cost and operation of a high-recovery desalination train. We compare three pH control methods used in water treatment (H2SO4, HCl, and CO2) and assess their impact on the operation of a desalination plant for brackish water and seawater. Our results show that the impact of the acid choice on the cost can vary widely depending on the water source, with CO2 found to be up to 11% and 49% more expensive than HCl in the seawater and brackish cases, respectively. We also find that the acid chemistry can significantly influence upstream processes, with use of H2SO4 requiring more calcium removal in the softening step to prevent gypsum scaling in HPRO system. Our work highlights why incorporating water chemistry information is critical when evaluating the key cost and operational drivers for high-recovery desalination treatment trains.
Exploring Quantum Optimization for Computer-aided Molecular and Process Design
Authors: Iftakher Ashfaq , Hasan M. M. Faruque
Published: August 2024

Computer-aided Molecular and Process Design (CAMPD) is an equation-oriented multi-scale decision making framework for designing both materials (molecules) and processes for separation, reaction, and reactive separation whenever material choice significantly impacts process performance. The inherent nonlinearity and nonconvexity in CAMPD optimization models, introduced through the property and process models, pose challenges to state-of-the-art solvers. Recently, quantum computing (QC) has shown promise for solving complex optimization problems, especially those involving discrete decisions. This motivates us to explore the potential usage of quantum optimization techniques for solving CAMPD problems. We have developed a technique for directly solving a class of mixed integer nonlinear programs using QC. Our approach represents both continuous and integer design decisions by a set of binary variables through encoding schemes. This transformation allows to reformulate certain types of CAMPD problems into Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) models that can be directly solved using quantum annealing techniques. We illustrate this technique for the selection of optimal ionic liquids (IL) and the configuration of a reactor-separator process network. We also discuss several challenges that are associated with quantum optimization when solving large scale CAMPD problems.
Enhancing PHAs Production Sustainability: Biorefinery Design through Carbon Source Diversity
Authors: Ramos Fernando D. , Ramos Mat�as H. , Estrada Vanina , Diaz M. Soledad
Published: August 2024

In this work, we propose a Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming (MINLP) model to determine the optimal sustainable design of a poly(hydroxyalkanoate)s (PHAs) production plant configuration and its heat exchanger network (HEN). The superstructure-based optimization model considers different carbon sources as raw material: glycerol (crude and purified), corn starch, cassava starch, sugarcane sucrose and sugarcane molasses. The PHA extraction section includes four alternatives: the use of enzymes, solvent, surfactant-NaOCl or surfactant-chelate. Model constraints include detailed capital cost for equipment, mass and energy balances, product specifications and operating bounds on process units. To assess the feasibility of the PHA plant, we considered the Sustainability Net Present Value (SNPV) as the objective function, a multi-criteria sustainability metric that considers economic, environmental and social pillars. The Net Present Value (NPV) was also calculated. SNPV metric provides useful insights on sustainable PHA production, as the optimal technological route results in the sugarcane-surfactant-chelate option, rather than the sugarcane-enzyme pathway which proves more economically profitable, but with higher environmental impacts. Moreover, inclusion of HEN design significantly improves the objective function value, mainly due to a 24% carbon footprint impact reduction.
Optimizing Batch Crystallization with Model-based Design of Experiments
Authors: Lynch Hailey G. , Bjarnason Aaron , Laky Daniel J. , Brown Cameron J. , Dowling Alexander W.
Published: August 2024

Adaptive and self-optimizing intelligent systems such as digital twins are increasingly important in science and engineering. Digital twins utilize mathematical models to provide added precision to decision-making. However, physics-informed models are challenging to build, calibrate, and validate with existing data science methods. Model-based design of experiments (MBDoE) is a popular framework for optimizing data collection to maximize parameter precision in mathematical models and digital twins. In this work, we apply MBDoE, facilitated by the open-source package Pyomo.DoE, to train and validate mathematical models for batch crystallization. We quantitatively examined the estimability of the model parameters for experiments with different cooling rates. This analysis provides a quantitative explanation for the heuristic of using multiple experiments at different cooling rates.