bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Floating body effect in indium–gallium–zinc–oxide (IGZO) thin-film transistor (TFT)
Authors: Park Jingyu , Go Seungwon , Chae Woojun , Ryoo Chang Il , Kim Changwook , Noh Hyungju , Kim Seonggeun , Du Ahn Byung , Cho In-Tak , Yun Pil Sang , Bae Jong Uk , Park Yoo Seok , Kim Sangwan , Kim Dae Hwan
Published: May 2024

In this paper, the floating body effect (FBE) in indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (IGZO) thin-film transistor (TFT) and the mechanism of device failure caused by that are reported for the first time. If the toggle AC pulses are applied to the gate and drain simultaneously for the switching operation, the drain current of IGZO TFT increases dramatically and cannot show the on/off switching characteristics. This phenomenon was not reported before, and our study reveals that the main cause is the formation of a conductive path between the source and drain: short failure. It is attributed in part to the donor creation at the drain region during the high voltage (Vhigh) condition and in part to the donor creation at the source region during the falling edge and low voltage (Vlow) conditions. Donor creation is attributed to the peroxide formation in the IGZO layer induced by the electrons under the high lateral field. Because the donor creation features positive charges, it lowers the threshold voltage of IGZO TFT. In detail, during the Vhigh condition, the donor creation is generated by accumulated electrons with a high lateral field at the drain region. On the other hand, the floating electrons remaining at the short falling edge (i.e., FBE of the IGZO TFT) are affected by the high lateral field at the source region during the Vlow condition. As a result, the donor creation is generated at the source region. Therefore, the short failure occurs because the donor creations are generated and expanded to channel from the drain and source region as the AC stress accumulates. In summary, the FBE in IGZO TFT is reported, and its effect on the electrical characteristics of IGZO TFT (i.e., the short failure) is rigorously analyzed for the first time.
Design of high-performance entangling logic in silicon quantum dot systems with Bayesian optimization
Authors: Kang Ji-Hoon , Yoon Taehyun , Lee Chanhui , Lim Sungbin , Ryu Hoon
Published: May 2024

Device engineering based on computer-aided simulations is essential to make silicon (Si) quantum bits (qubits) be competitive to commercial platforms based on superconductors and trapped ions. Combining device simulations with the Bayesian optimization (BO), here we propose a systematic design approach that is quite useful to procure fast and precise entangling operations of qubits encoded to electron spins in electrode-driven Si quantum dot (QD) systems. For a target problem of the controlled-X (CNOT) logic operation, we employ BO with the Gaussian process regression to evolve design factors of a Si double QD system to the ones that are optimal in terms of speed and fidelity of a CNOT logic driven by a single microwave pulse. The design framework not only clearly contributes to cost-efficient securing of solutions that enhance performance of the target quantum operation, but can be extended to implement more complicated logics with Si QD structures in experimentally unprecedented ways.
Short-term photovoltaic energy generation for solar powered high efficiency irrigation systems using LSTM with Spatio-temporal attention mechanism
Authors: Awais Muhammad , Mahum Rabbia , Zhang Hao , Zhang Wei , M. Metwally Ahmed Sayed , Hu Jiandong , Arshad Ifzan
Published: May 2024

Solar irrigation systems should become more practical and efficient as technology advances. Automation and AI-based technologies can optimize solar energy use for irrigation while reducing environmental impacts and costs. These innovations have the potential to make agriculture more environmentally friendly and sustainable. Solar irrigation system implementation can be hampered by a lack of technical expertise in installation, operation, and maintenance. It must be technically and economically feasible to be practical and continuous. Due to weather and solar irradiation, photovoltaic power generation is difficult for high-efficiency irrigation systems. As a result, more precise photovoltaic output calculations could improve solar power systems. Customers should benefit from increased power plant versatility and high-quality electricity. As a result, an artificial intelligence-powered automated irrigation power-generation system may improve the existing efficiency. To predict high-efficiency irrigation system power outputs, this study proposed a spatial and temporal attention block-based long-short-term memory (LSTM) model. Using MSE, RMSE, and MAE, the results have been compared to pre-existing ML and a simple LSTM network. Moreover, it has been found that our model outperformed cutting-edge methods. MAPE was improved by 6–7% by increasing Look Back (LB) and Look Forward (LF). Future goals include adapting the technology for wind power production and improving the proposed model to harness customer behavior to improve forecasting accuracy.
Chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils of seven Cultivated Apiaceae species
Authors: Önder Sercan , Periz Çağdaş Deniz , Ulusoy Seyhan , Erbaş Sabri , Önder Damla , Tonguç Muhammet
Published: May 2024

The Apiaceae family contains many species used as food, spice and medicinal purposes. Different parts of plants including seeds could be used to obtain essential (EO) oils from members of the Apiaceae family. In the present study, EOs were components obtained through hydrodistillation from the seeds of anise (Pimpinella anisum), carrot (Daucus carota), celery (Apium graveolens), dill (Anethum graveolens), coriander (Coriandrum sativum), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), and cumin (Cuminum cyminum). EO constituents were determined with Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) and Gas Chromatography/Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) and their antioxidant capacities were determined with the cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) methods. The antimicrobial activity of EOs were tested against four pathogenic bacteria. Phenylpropanoids in anise (94.87%) and fennel (92.52%), oxygenated monoterpenes in dill (67.59%) and coriander (98.96%), monoterpene hydrocarbons in celery (75.42%), mono- (45.42%) and sesquiterpene- (43.25%) hydrocarbons in carrots, monoterpene hydrocarbon (34.30%) and aromatic hydrocarbons (32.92%) in cumin were the major compounds in the EOs. Anethole in anise and fennel, carotol in carrot, limonene in celery, carvone in dill, linalool in coriander, and cumin aldehyde in cumin were predominant compounds in these EOs. The high hydrocarbon content in cumin EO gave high CUPRAC activity (89.07 µmol Trolox g−1), and the moderate monoterpene hydrocarbon and oxygenated monoterpene content in dill EO resulted in higher DPPH activity (9.86 µmol Trolox g−1). The in vitro antibacterial activity of EOs against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli was evaluated using the agar diffusion method and the minimum bactericidal concentration was determined. Coriander, cumin and dill EOs showed inhibitory effect against all tested strains except P. aeruginosa. While fennel and celery EOs were effective against E. coli and B. cereus strains, respectively, anise and carrot EOs did not show any antibacterial effect against the tested bacteria. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) produced four groups based on EO constituents of seven species. The potential adoption of the cultivated Apiaceae species for EO extraction could be beneficial for the wild species that are endangered by over collection and consumption.
Serum exosomes miR-206 and miR-549a-3p as potential biomarkers of traumatic brain injury
Authors: Yang Yajun , Wang Yi , Li Panpan , Bai Feirong , Liu Cai , Huang Xintao
Published: May 2024

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. However, effective diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic biomarkers are still lacking. Our research group previously revealed through high-throughput sequencing that the serum exosomes miR-133a-3p, miR-206, and miR-549a-3p differ significantly in severe TBI (sTBI), mild or moderate TBI (mTBI), and control groups. However, convincing experimental evidence is lacking. To solve this problem, we used qPCR in this study to further verify the expression levels of serum exosomes miR-133a-3p, miR-206 and miR-549a-3p in TBI patients. The results showed that the serum exosomes miR-206 and miR-549a-3p showed good predictive value as biomarkers of TBI. In addition, in order to further verify whether serum exosomes miR-206 and miR-549a-3p can be used as potential biomarkers in patients with TBI and to understand the mechanism of their possible effects, we further determined the contents of SOD, BDNF, VEGF, VEGI, NSE and S100β in the serum of TBI patients. The results showed that, serum exosomes miR-206 and miR-549a-3p showed good correlation with BDNF, NSE and S100β. In conclusion, serum exosomes miR-206 and miR-549a-3p have the potential to serve as potential biomarkers in patients with TBI.
Magnetic integrated double-trap filter utilizing the mutual inductance for reducing current harmonics in high-speed railway traction inverters
Authors: Al-Barashi Maged , Wang Yongjun , Lan Bin , Bhutta Muhammad Shoaib
Published: May 2024

Current harmonics are generated at the switching frequency and its multiples when the traction converters are modulated. To address this, multi-trap filters are introduced, which are capable of selectively eliminating these specific harmonics to the limits set by IEEE 519-2014. This targeted removal significantly reduces the need for high total inductance, thereby allowing for a more compact filter design. Comparatively, to traditional inductor-capacitor-inductor (LCL) filters, more magnetic cores are needed for trap inductors. Furthermore, the traction systems have not been examined in conjunction with multi-trap filters. To reduce the filter size and investigate its application in traction converters, this paper presents an integrated double-trap LCL (DTLCL) filter. A tiny capacitor is connected in parallel with the grid-side inductor to form one LC-trap. In addition, another LC-trap is formed by connecting the equivalent trap inductor, introduced through the magnetic coupling between inverter-side and grid-side inductors, in series with the filter capacitor. The presented filters' features are thoroughly analyzed, and the design method has been developed. Finally, the simulation and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) experiment results validate the proposed method's viability and efficacy. Compared to the discrete windings, the integrated ones enable a size decrease of two cores. Furthermore, the proposed filters can meet IEEE 519-2014 criteria with 0.3% for all the current switching harmonics and total harmonic distortion (THD) of 2.36% of the grid‐side current.
Inhibition of fatty acid uptake by TGR5 prevents diabetic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Wang Hu , Wang Jiaxing , Cui Hao , Fan Chenyu , Xue Yuzhou , Liu Huiying , Li Hui , Li Jianping , Li Houhua , Sun Ying , Wang Wengong , Song Jiangping , Jiang Changtao , Xu Ming
Published: May 2024

Diabetic cardiomyopathy is characterized by myocardial lipid accumulation and cardiac dysfunction. Bile acid metabolism is known to play a crucial role in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Takeda G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5), a major bile acid receptor, has been implicated in metabolic regulation and myocardial protection. However, the precise involvement of the bile acid–TGR5 pathway in maintaining cardiometabolic homeostasis remains unclear. Here we show decreased plasma bile acid levels in both male and female participants with diabetic myocardial injury. Additionally, we observe increased myocardial lipid accumulation and cardiac dysfunction in cardiomyocyte-specific TGR5-deleted mice (both male and female) subjected to a high-fat diet and streptozotocin treatment or bred on the diabetic db/db genetic background. Further investigation reveals that TGR5 deletion enhances cardiac fatty acid uptake, resulting in lipid accumulation. Mechanistically, TGR5 deletion promotes localization of CD36 on the plasma membrane through the upregulation of CD36 palmitoylation mediated by the palmitoyl acyltransferase DHHC4. Our findings indicate that the TGR5–DHHC4 pathway regulates cardiac fatty acid uptake, which highlights the therapeutic potential of targeting TGR5 in the management of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
Human macrophages infected with Egyptian Rousette bat-isolated Marburg virus display inter-individual susceptibility and antiviral responsiveness
Authors: Yordanova Ivet A. , Lander Angelika , Wahlbrink Annette , Towner Jonathan S. , Albariño César G. , Ang Lay Teng , Prescott Joseph B.
Published: May 2024

Marburg virus (MARV) is a highly pathogenic filovirus and a causative agent of sporadic zoonotic viral hemorrhagic fever outbreaks with high case fatality rates. In humans, filoviruses like MARV and Zaire Ebola virus (EBOV) target, among others, innate immune cells like dendritic cells and macrophages (MΦs). Filovirus-infected dendritic cells display impaired maturation and antigen presentation, while MΦs become hyper-activated and secrete proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Our current understanding of human macrophage responses to MARV remains limited. Here, we used human monocyte-derived macrophages (moMΦs) to address how their phenotype, transcriptional profile, and protein expression change upon an in vitro infection with a bat isolate of MARV. Confirming its tropism for macrophages, we show that MARV induces notable shifts in their transcription distinct from responses induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), marked by upregulated gene expression of several chemokines, type I interferons, and IFN-stimulated genes. MARV infection also elicited pronounced inter-individually different transcriptional programs in moMΦs, the induction of Wnt signaling-associated genes, and the downregulation of multiple biological processes and molecular pathways.
Different cardiovascular risks associated with elevated creatinine-based eGFR and cystatin C-based eGFR
Authors: Liu Mengyi , Ye Ziliang , He Panpan , Wu Qimeng , Yang Sisi , Zhang Yanjun , Zhou Chun , Zhang Yuanyuan , Hou Fan Fan , Qin Xianhui
Published: May 2024

To compare the association of elevated estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) based on creatinine (eGFRcr) and cystatin C (eGFRcys) with the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and chronic kidney diseases (CKD). 372,060 participants free of CVD and CKD in the UK Biobank were included. Participants were categorized into low, normal and high eGFR groups according to the age- and sex-specific 5th and 95th percentiles of eGFR. The primary outcome was incident CVD, defined as a combination of ischemic heart disease, stroke, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation. Thresholds for high eGFR varied with age and sex, ranging from 96.5 to 116.0 mL/min/1.73 m2 and 100.3 to 120.1 mL/min/1.73 m2 for eGFRcr and eGFRcys, respectively. During a median follow-up of 12.4 years, 39,855 (10.7%) participants developed CVD. Compared with normal eGFR levels, high eGFRcr levels were associated with a higher risk of CVD (HR, 1.19; 95% CI: 1.14–1.25), while high eGFRcys levels were associated with a lower risk of CVD (HR, 0.90; 95% CI: 0.85–0.95). Compared to normal eGFR levels, both high eGFRcr and high eGFRcys levels were related to a lower risk of CKD. Elevated eGFRcr levels were associated with a higher risk of CVD, and elevated eGFRcys levels were associated with a lower risk of CVD.
Quantification of lithium using handheld instruments: application of LIBS and XRF spectroscopy to assay the lithium content of mineral processing products
Authors: Korbel C. , Mezoued N. , Demeusy B. , Fabre C. , Cauzid J. , Filippova I. V. , Filippov L. O.
Published: May 2024

Two lithium assay methods have been developed using handheld tools, offering fast and reliable results. These methods are crucial for inline optimization of processes, particularly in the extraction of lithium from hard rock deposits.
Photocatalytic α-arylation of cyclic ketones by a thermally activated delayed fluorescence molecule
Authors: Mandal Baishanal , Mandal Sourav , Halder Supriya , Adhikari Debashis
Published: May 2024

α-Arylation of cyclic ketones via an organophotocatalytic route has been described utilizing PXZ-TRZ, a molecule displaying thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF).
Cooperative heterometallic catalysts: balancing activity and control in PCL-block-PLA copolymer synthesis
Authors: Abdul Rahman Maisarah , Neal Thomas J. , Garden Jennifer A.
Published: May 2024

Heterometallic “ate” complexes show enhanced activities in ε-caprolactone/lactide polymerisation giving well-defined diblock copolymers, yet also enhance transesterification under certain conditions.
Distinct photomechanical responses of two new 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid derivative crystals
Authors: Nag Sayak , Emmerling Franziska , Tothadi Srinu , Bhattacharya Biswajit , Ghosh Soumyajit
Published: May 2024

We demonstrate two distinct photomechanical responses (i.e. photomechanical bending and photosalient bursting) of two new 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid derivative crystals based on tailoring their substituents and the modulation of their spacers.
A regulation strategy of self-assembly molecules for achieving efficient inverted perovskite solar cells
Authors: Lin Pu-An , Yang Bo , Lin Changqing , Fan Zhenghui , Chen Yu , Zhang Wenfeng , Cai Bing , Sun Jie , Zheng Xiaojia , Zhang Wen-Hua
Published: May 2024

Hydroxyl-rich NiOx and mixed self-assembled monolayer (SAM) based composite hole transport layers were constructed for achieving efficient p–i–n perovskite solar cells.
Quantum chemical modeling of enantioselective sulfoxidation and epoxidation reactions by indole monooxygenase VpIndA1
Authors: Li Qinrou , Zhang Shiqing , Liu Fufeng , Su Hao , Sheng Xiang
Published: May 2024

Quantum chemical calculations reveal the reaction mechanisms of the sulfoxidation and the indene epoxidation catalyzed by indole monooxygenase VpIndA1. The factors controlling the stereo-preference of the two reactions are identified.
Topology and giant circular dichroism of enantiomorphic Kagome bands in a designed covalent organic framework
Authors: Gao Quan , Yang Lei , Wang Zhikuan , Li Dongmei , Cui Bin , Liu Desheng
Published: May 2024

A theoretical study of a designed covalent organic framework that has enantiomorphic Kagome bands is presented. After iodine doping, the flat valence and conduction bands become topologically non-trivial, with giant circular dichroism due to the degree of chirality of the electronic structures.
Constructing novel hydrated metal molten salt with high self-healing as the anode material for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Wang Yiting , Li Yifei , Chai Jiali , Rui Yichuan , Jiang Lei , Tang Bohejin
Published: May 2024

The molten salt material FeCl3.6H2O-NMP was used as the anode material of lithium ion batteries, showing excellent electrochemical performance. The molten salt material FeCl 3 6H2O-NMP was used as the anode material of lithium ion batter, showing excellent electrochemical performance.
Dibenzoazepine hydrazine is a building block for N-alkene hybrid ligands: exploratory syntheses of complexes of Cu, Fe, and Li
Authors: Grasruck Alexander , Schall Kristina , Heinemann Frank W. , Langer Jens , Herrera Alberto , Frieß Sybille , Schmid Günter , Dorta Romano
Published: May 2024

A new Dibenzoazepine-hydrazine is a versatile building block for the synthesis of potentially hemilabile hydrazone N–alkene ligands for the formation of main group and transition metal complexes.
Comparison and influence of 1011 and 1013 ohm resistors used for MC-ICP-MS determination of isotope ratios in highly enriched silicon
Authors: Pramann Axel , Rienitz Olaf
Published: May 2024

Use of high ohmic feedback resistors connected with Faraday cups enables strong reduction of sample size (here: Si crystal slices enriched in 28Si) and proper signal quality while maintaining the measurement uncertainty.
Poly(2-methoxyethyl acrylate)-grafted microfiltration membranes exhibiting low-fouling properties in the presence of salt species
Authors: Akamatsu Kazuki , Sano Masamune , Okada Fumio , Nakao Shin-ichi , Wang Xiao-lin
Published: May 2024

This study successfully demonstrated that membranes whose surfaces and pore walls were modified with poly(2-methoxyethyl acrylate) (PMEA) exhibit low-fouling properties against organic substances even in the presence of salt species.
Facile synthesis of Eu-doped ZnO nanoparticles for the photodegradation of the MB dye and enhanced latent fingerprint imaging
Authors: A. Shreya , H. S. Bhojya Naik , G. Vishnu , Shivaraj Barikara , N. Adarshgowda , S. Hareeshanaik
Published: May 2024

Zn1−xEuxO (x = 0, 0.25, and 0.5) nanoparticles prepared via co-precipitation method for multifunctional applications.
Exquisitely regulated CeO2/Co(OH)2 electrocatalysts for enhanced oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Li Xiaowei , Shi Quanquan , Li Jingjia , Li Chun , Qian Qingyi
Published: May 2024

The development of advanced transition metal catalysts for efficient electrocatalytic oxygen evolution has been widely studied, and these catalysts have the potential to replace precious metals and achieve widespread commercial application.
Three-component cascade reaction of 3-ketonitriles, 2-unsubstituted imidazole N-oxides, and aldehydes
Authors: Uvarova Ekaterina S. , Kutasevich Anton V. , Lipatov Egor S. , Pytskii Ivan S. , Raitman Oleg A. , Selivantev Yuriy M. , Mityanov Vitaly S.
Published: May 2024

A three-component condensation of imidazole N-oxides, 3-ketonitriles and aldehydes was developed. Mechanistic details were revealed using DFT calculations.
Pillararenes: a new frontier in antimicrobial therapy
Authors: Jin Yanqing , Liu Yisu , Zhu Jiang , Liu Hui
Published: May 2024

In this review, we summarized various types of pillararene-based antimicrobial agents, focusing on the introduction of structure–activity relationships and discussion of mechanisms of action.
Potential of ultrasonic processing in biomedical applications
Authors: Lokhande Siddhi , Salvi Bhagyashree V. , Shende Pravin
Published: May 2024

Potential applications of ultrasound in biomedicine.
Correction: Green synthesis of chlorella-derived carbon dots and their fluorescence imaging in zebrafish
Authors: Wang Yue , Gu Zhizhi , Dong Jingyi , Zhu Jie , Liu Cunguang , Li Guohan , Lu Meichen , Han Jian , Cao Shengnan , Chen Liyong , Wang Wei
Published: May 2024

Correction for ‘Green synthesis of chlorella-derived carbon dots and their fluorescence imaging in zebrafish’ by Yue Wang et al., RSC Adv., 2024, 14, 1459–1463, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3RA07623G
Regulation of RAF family kinases: new insights from recent structural and biochemical studies
Authors: Spencer-Smith Russell , Morrison Deborah K.
Published: May 2024

The RAF kinases are required for signal transduction through the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK pathway, and their activity is frequently up-regulated in human cancer and the RASopathy developmental syndromes. Due to their complex activation process, developing drugs that effectively target RAF function has been a challenging endeavor, highlighting the need for a more detailed understanding of RAF regulation. This review will focus on recent structural and biochemical studies that have provided ‘snapshots’ into the RAF regulatory cycle, revealing structures of the autoinhibited BRAF monomer, active BRAF and CRAF homodimers, as well as HSP90/CDC37 chaperone complexes containing CRAF or BRAFV600E. In addition, we will describe the insights obtained regarding how BRAF transitions between its regulatory states and examine the roles that various BRAF domains and 14-3-3 dimers play in both maintaining BRAF as an autoinhibited monomer and in facilitating its transition to an active dimer. We will also address the function of the HSP90/CDC37 chaperone complex in stabilizing the protein levels of CRAF and certain oncogenic BRAF mutants, and in serving as a platform for RAF dephosphorylation mediated by the PP5 protein phosphatase. Finally, we will discuss the regulatory differences observed between BRAF and CRAF and how these differences impact the function of BRAF and CRAF as drivers of human disease.
Ribosomal RNA expansion segments and their role in ribosome biology
Authors: Rauscher Robert , Polacek Norbert
Published: May 2024

Ribosomes are universally conserved cellular machines that catalyze protein biosynthesis. The active sites underly immense evolutionary conservation resulting in virtually identical core structures of ribosomes in all domains of life including organellar ribosomes. However, more peripheral structures of cytosolic ribosomes changed during evolution accommodating new functions and regulatory options. The expansion occurred at the riboprotein level, including more and larger ribosomal proteins and at the RNA level increasing the length of ribosomal RNA. Expansions within the ribosomal RNA occur as clusters at conserved sites that face toward the periphery of the cytosolic ribosome. Recent biochemical and structural work has shed light on how rRNA-specific expansion segments (ESs) recruit factors during translation and how they modulate translation dynamics in the cytosol. Here we focus on recent work on yeast, human and trypanosomal cytosolic ribosomes that explores the role of two specific rRNA ESs within the small and large subunit respectively. While no single regulatory strategy exists, the absence of ESs has consequences for proteomic stability and cellular fitness, rendering them fascinating evolutionary tools for tailored protein biosynthesis.
Probing the broad line region geometry and size of the gravitationally lensed quasar Q2237+0305 with microlensing time series
Authors: Savić Đ. V. , Hutsemékers D. , Sluse D.
Published: May 2024

Lensed quasars are powerful cosmic laboratories; they are used to simultaneously probe various astrophysical phenomena. Microlensing by stars within distant galaxies acts as strong gravitational lenses of multiply imaged quasars, and provides a unique and direct measurement of the lensed quasar internal structure. Microlensing of the continuum emitting region as well as the broad-line region (BLR) is well characterized by four observable indices, μcont, μBLR, WCI (wing-core), and RBI (red-blue), measured directly from the spectra. During the 2004−2007 monitoring period, image A of the quadruply lensed system Q2237+0305 underwent a strong microlensing amplification, while image D remained unaffected. We used 35 epochs of archival spectrophotometric data of Q2237+0305 obtained with the Very Large Telescope of the European Southern Observatory to develop an independent microlensing method for estimating the geometry and size of the BLR. We measured the index time series for the C IV line and the continuum emission at 1450 Å. We built a library of the simulated microlensing index time series that reproduce the observed times series based on three representative BLR models: Keplerian disk (KD), polar wind (PW), and equatorial wind (EW). After sampling the model parameter space, we find that KD is the predominant model, while PW and EW are less likely. We infer that the system is viewed at an intermediate viewing angle i ∼ 35°, and we estimate the most likely C IV BLR half-light radius r1/2 = 51 ± 23 light days. Our results are in good agreement with previous findings in the literature and extend the validity of the index-based approach to a temporal domain.
The mass-radius relation of exoplanets revisited
Authors: Müller Simon , Baron Jana , Helled Ravit , Bouchy François , Parc Léna
Published: May 2024

Determining the mass–radius (M−R) relation of exoplanets is important for exoplanet characterization. Here, we present a re-analysis of the M−R relations and their transitions using exoplanetary data from the PlanetS catalog, which accounts only for planets with reliable mass and radius determination. We find that “small planets” correspond to planets with masses of up to ~4.4 M⊕ (within 17%) where R ∝ M0.27. Planets with masses between ~4.4 and 127 M⊕ (within 5%) can be viewed as “intermediate-mass” planets, where R ∝ M0.67. Massive planets, or gas giant planets, are found to have masses beyond 127 M⊕ and an M−R relation of R ∝ M−0.06. By analyzing the radius-density relation we also find that the transition from “small” to “intermediate” planets occurs at a planetary radius of ~1.6 R⊕ (within 3%). Our results are consistent with previous studies’ results and provide an ideal fit for the current measured planetary population.
Resolved properties of a luminous hinge clump in the compact group of galaxies NGC 6845
Authors: Olave-Rojas Daniela E. , Hernandez-Jimenez José A. , Torres-Flores Sergio , Mora Marcelo D. , Firpo Veronica
Published: May 2024

Context.Compact groups of galaxies are unique places where galaxy-galaxy interactions play a mayor role on the evolution of its members. These strong gravitational encounters can induce star formation bursts.

Aims.We study the properties of one of the most luminous so-called hinge clumps that is located in the compact group of galaxies NGC 6845.

Methods.Using integral field spectroscopy from GMOS/Gemini complemented with archival MUSE data, we obtained oxygen abundances, ages, star formation rates, and velocity fields, and we also modeled a single stellar population to understand the star formation history of the hinge clump in NGC 6845.

Results.We found that the hinge clump sits in a tailthat has a star formation rate of 3.4M⊙yr−1, which is comparable with a few other extreme cases, for instance, the star clusters in the Antennae galaxy and other reported hinge clumps in the literature. This clump represents ∼15% of total star formation rate of NGC 6845A. Large-scale modeling of the observed velocity field of NGC 6845A rules out the scenario according to which this hinge clump was a satellite galaxy. Its kinematics is compatible with that of the galactic disk of NGC 6845A. Its abundance with a mean value of 0.4Z⊙is also consistent with the metallicity gradient of the galaxy.

Conclusions.Our analysis suggest that the hinge clump is formed by multiple stellar populations and not by a single burst. This causes the wide age range. We found that the central clump is encompassed by a ring-like structure, which might suggest a second generation of star formation. In addition, the analysis of the diagnostic diagram indicates that this central region might also be ionized by shocks from stellar and supernova winds. Finally, the derived star formation rate density Σ = 9.7M⊙yr−1kpc−2of the central clump places it in starburst regime, where gas inflows should provide gas to maintain the star formation. This work shows a resolved example of an extreme localized starburst in a compact group of galaxies.
Associating LOFAR Galactic Faraday structures with the warm neutral medium
Authors: Boulanger F. , Gry C. , Jenkins E. B. , Bracco A. , Erceg A. , Jelić V. , Turić L.
Published: May 2024

Faraday tomography observations with the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) have unveiled a remarkable network of structures in polarized synchrotron emission at high Galactic latitudes. The observed correlation between LOFAR structures, dust polarization, and HI emission suggests a connection to the neutral interstellar medium (ISM). We investigated this relationship by estimating the rotation measure (RM) of the warm neutral (partially ionized) medium (WNM) in the local ISM. Our work combines UV spectroscopy from FUSE and dust polarization observations from Planck with LOFAR data. We derived electron column densities from UV absorption spectra toward nine background stars, within the field of published data from the LOFAR two-meter sky survey. The associated RMs were estimated using a local magnetic field model fitted to the dust polarization data of Planck. A comparison with Faraday spectra at the position of the stars suggests that LOFAR structures delineate a slab of magnetized WNM and synchrotron emission, located ahead of the bulk of the warm ionized medium. This conclusion establishes an astrophysical framework for exploring the link between Faraday structures and the dynamics of the magnetized multiphase ISM. It will be possible to test it on a larger sample of stars when maps from the full northern sky survey of LOFAR become available.
Merge and strip: Dark matter-free dwarf galaxies in clusters can be formed by galaxy mergers
Authors: Ivleva Anna , Remus Rhea-Silvia , Valenzuela Lucas M. , Dolag Klaus
Published: May 2024

Context. Recent observations of galaxy mergers inside galaxy cluster environments, such as NGC 5291 in the vicinity of Abell 3574, report high star formation rates in the ejected tidal tails, which point towards currently developing tidal dwarf galaxies. This prompts the intriguing question whether these newly formed stellar structures could get stripped from the galaxy potential by the cluster and thus populate it with dwarf galaxies.

Aims. We verify whether environmental stripping of tidal dwarf galaxies from galaxy mergers inside galaxy cluster environments is a possible evolutionary channel to populate a galaxy cluster with low-mass and low surface brightness galaxies.

Methods. We performed three high-resolution hydrodynamical simulations of mergers between spiral galaxies in a cluster environment, implementing a stellar mass ratio of 2:1 with M200 = 9.5 × 1011 M⊙ for the more massive galaxy. Between the three different simulations, we varied the initial orbit of the infalling galaxies with respect to the cluster center.

Results. We demonstrate that cluster environments are capable of stripping tidal dwarf galaxies from the host potential independently of the infall orbit of the merging galaxy pair, without instantly destroying the tidal dwarfs. Starting to evolve separately from their progenitor, these newly formed dwarf galaxies reach total masses of Mtot ≈ 107 − 9 M⊙ within the limits of our resolution. In the three tested orbit scenarios, we find three, seven, and eight tidal dwarf galaxies per merger, respectively, which survive longer than 1 Gyr after the merger event. Exposed to ram pressure, these gas dominated dwarf galaxies exhibit high star formation rates while also losing gas to the environment. Experiencing a strong headwind due to their motion through the intracluster medium, they quickly lose momentum and start spiraling towards the cluster center, reaching distances on the order of 1 Mpc from their progenitor. About 4 Gyr after the merger event, we still find three and four intact dwarf galaxies in two of the tested scenarios, respectively. The other stripped tidal dwarf galaxies either evaporate in the hostile cluster environment due to their low initial mass, or are disrupted as soon as they reach the cluster center.

Conclusions. The dwarf production rate due to galaxy mergers is elevated when the interaction with a cluster environment is taken into account. Comparing their contribution to the observed galaxy mass function in clusters, our results indicate that ∼30% of dwarf galaxies in clusters could have been formed by stripping from galaxy mergers.
Detection of extragalactic magnetic massive stars
Authors: Hubrig S. , Schöller M. , Järvinen S. P. , Cikota A. , Abdul-Masih M. , Escorza A. , Jayaraman R.
Published: May 2024

Context. Studies of the magnetic characteristics of massive stars have recently received significant attention because they are progenitors of highly magnetised compact objects. Stars initially more massive than about 8 M⊙ leave behind neutron stars and black holes by the end of their evolution. The merging of binary compact remnant systems produces astrophysical transients detectable by gravitational wave observatories. Studies of magnetic fields in massive stars with low metallicities are of particular interest because they provide important information on the role of magnetic fields in the star formation of the early Universe.

Aims. While several detections of massive Galactic magnetic stars have been reported in the last few decades, the impact of a low-metallicity environment on the occurrence and strength of stellar magnetic fields has not yet been explored. Because of the similarity between Of?p stars in the Magellanic Clouds (MCs) and Galactic magnetic Of?p stars, which possess globally organised magnetic fields, we searched for magnetic fields in Of?p stars in the MCs. Additionally, we observed the massive contact binary Cl NGC 346 SSN7 in the Small Magellanic Cloud to test the theoretical scenario that the origin of magnetic fields involves a merger event or a common envelope evolution.

Methods. We obtained and analysed measurements of the magnetic field in four massive Of?p stars in the MCs and the binary Cl NGC 346 SSN7 using the ESO/VLT FORS2 spectrograph in spectropolarimetric mode.

Results. We detected kilogauss-scale magnetic fields in two Of?p-type stars and in the contact binary Cl NGC 346 SSN7. These results suggest that the impact of low metallicity on the occurrence and strength of magnetic fields in massive stars is low. However, because the explored stellar sample is very small, additional observations of massive stars in the MCs are necessary.
A model of umbral oscillations inherited from subphotospheric fast-body modes
Authors: Kang Juhyung , Chae Jongchul , Cho Kyuhyoun , Kang Soosang , Lim Eun-Kyung
Published: May 2024

Recently, complex horizontal patterns of umbral oscillations have been reported, but their physical nature and origin are still not fully understood. Here we show that the two-dimensional patterns of umbral oscillations of slow waves are inherited from the subphotospheric fast-body modes. Using a simple analytic model, we successfully reproduced the temporal evolution of oscillation patterns with a finite number of fast-body modes. In this model, the radial apparent propagation of the pattern is associated with the appropriate combination of the amplitudes in radial modes. We also find that the oscillation patterns are dependent on the oscillation period. This result indicates that there is a cutoff radial mode, which is a unique characteristic of the model of fast-body modes. In principle, both internal and external sources can excite these fast-body modes and produce horizontal patterns of umbral oscillations.
Analysis of a positivity-preserving splitting scheme for some semilinear stochastic heat equations
Authors: Bréhier Charles-Edouard , Cohen David , Ulander Johan
Published: May 2024

We construct a positivity-preserving Lie–Trotter splitting scheme with finite difference discretization in space for approximating the solutions to a class of semilinear stochastic heat equations with multiplicative space-time white noise. We prove that this explicit numerical scheme converges in the mean-square sense, with rate 1/4 in time and rate 1/2 in space, under appropriate CFL conditions. Numerical experiments illustrate the superiority of the proposed numerical scheme compared with standard numerical methods which do not preserve positivity.
Die interdisziplinäre Behandlung von Hautkrebs
Authors: Rudolph Victoria , Leven Anna-Sophia , Eisenburger Robin , Schadendorf Dirk , Wiegand Susanne
Published: May 2024

Die interdisziplinäre Behandlung von Hautkrebs im Kopf-Halsbereich erfordert die
enge Zusammenarbeit zwischen verschiedenen Fachdisziplinen. Die häufigsten
nicht-melanozytären Tumorentitäten sind das kutane Plattenepithelkarzinom und
das Basalzellkarzinom sowie deren Vorläuferläsionen. Zu den eher selteneren
Tumoren gehört das Merkelzellkarzinom, welches ebenfalls vornehmlich an den
lichtexponierten Arealen auftritt und im Gegensatz zum Platten- und
Basalzellkarzinom häufiger eine Metastasierung aufweist. Aufgrund der geringen
Tendenz des Basalzellkarzinoms wie auch des kutanen Plattenepithelkarzinoms zur
Metastasierung, kann eine Kuration häufig durch eine Operation erreicht werden.
Überschreitet hier das Tumorwachstum entsprechende Grenzen kann eine
Zusammenarbeit zwischen Dermatologie und HNO erforderlich sein. Das primäre Ziel
dieser interdisziplinären Zusammenarbeit ist, neben dem Erreichen der
Tumorfreiheit, ein funktionell sowie kosmetisch-ästhetisch ansprechendes
Ergebnis. In Abhängigkeit von Tumorstadium und Klinik ist eine Vorstellung in
der interdisziplinären Tumorkonferenz zu empfehlen, um ein vollumfängliches und
fachlich adäquates sowie Patienten-individuelles Therapiekonzept festzulegen,
welches die Bausteine Prävention, Therapie und Nachsorge eines jeden Patienten
umfasst.
Organerhaltende Therapie als wichtigste Option in der Behandlung des Primärtumors des Peniskarzinoms
Authors: Protzel Chris , Kutschke Richard , Eckert Marie-Luise
Published: May 2024

Die Therapie des Peniskarzinoms stellt eine relevante Herausforderung für Therapeuten wie für Patienten dar. Dabei muss der Schwerpunkt nicht nur auf operative Techniken, sondern sehr viel mehr auf Patienteninformation und gemeinsame Therapieplanung gelegt werden. Eine konsequente Aufklärung über möglichen Organerhalt und dessen Konsequenzen ist erforderlich. Nach klinischer Untersuchung und histologischer Sicherung des Befundes sollte in fast allen Fällen organerhaltendes stadienadaptiertes OP-Verfahren genutzt werden. Intraoperativ ist einer Sicherung tumorfreier Schnittränder mittels Schnellschnittuntersuchung anzustreben. Eine psychoonkologische Mitbetreuung soll allen Patienten angeboten werden.

Eine Zentralisierung der Therapie erscheint aufgrund der exzellenten Ergebnisse in
englischen wie niederländischen Zentren auch für Deutschland unbedingt wünschenswert. Bis
dahin kann in Anlehnung an die sehr guten Erfahrungen des Zweitmeinungsnetzwerks Hodentumor
die Zweitmeinungsplattform eKonsil Urologie (https://www.ekonsil.org) genutzt werden.
Die Therapie von Tumorrezidiven bzw. Zweitkarzinomen in vorbehandeltem Gebiet ist nicht mit der Primärtherapie in nicht-vorbehandeltem Gewebe gleichzusetzen – eine Übersicht
Authors: Dietz Andreas , Wiegand S. , Bläker H. , Budach W.
Published: May 2024

Bei der Behandlung von lokalen bzw. lokoregionären Rezidiven, Zweitkarzinomen oder Residuen von Plattenepithelkarzinomen der Kopf-Hals-Region nach einer Primärtherapie ergeben sich unterschiedliche Ausgangsituationen. Bei der Mehrzahl der Patienten mit lokoregionären Rezidiven ist eine Vorbehandlung bestehend aus Operation und/oder postoperativer Radio- bzw. Radiochemotherapie oder eine primäre Radio- bzw. Radiochemotherapie erfolgt. In jedem Fall handelt es sich um ein erneutes Tumorwachstum in vorbehandeltem Gebiet, das in besonderer Weise für die Therapieentscheidung berücksichtigt werden muss. Die biologischen Hintergründe sind vielfältig und werden in der vorliegenden Arbeit näher beschrieben und klinisch eingeordnet.
One crime wave, three hypotheses: using interrupted time series to examine the unintended consequences of criminal justice reform, computer tablet recording of crime and a long-term hot spots policing programme
Authors: Chainey Spencer P. , Estévez-Soto Patricio R.
Published: May 2024

After sustained reductions in robberies and thefts in 2016, the city of Montevideo, Uruguay, experienced a sudden increase in these crimes in late 2017. Using interrupted time series regressions, and controlling for seasonality using ARIMA models, we investigated three potential explanations for this increase: (1) the failure of a hot spots policing program to maintain crime decreases; (2) improved crime recording by police patrols using tablet computers; and (3) the change from an inquisitorial to an adversarial criminal justice procedure. We found that the hot spots policing program that began in April 2016 continued to be associated with crime reductions during 2017, that the increases observed after November 2017 were strongly associated with the new criminal justice procedure, and that tablets had a positive, albeit negligible, effect. The findings illustrate that criminal justice reforms, desirable as such reforms may be, can have unintended consequences on crime levels.
Internationalization of Higher Education and Emerging National Rationales: Comparative Analysis of the Global North and South
Authors: Kapfudzaruwa Farai
Published: May 2024

This paper provides a comparative analysis of national rationales to higher education internationalization in the global north and south countries using content analysis. The results reveal that the socio-economic rationales are dominant across most of the 27 sampled countries. However, they manifest differently across the global north and global south as countries interpret the benefits and effects of internationalization in line with their national priorities. These variations are being shaped by an increasingly complex, competitive, and multipolar higher education internationalization landscape with new global south actors acquiring agency despite the deepening global inequalities. As a result, political rationales are becoming an important driver to internationalization. The current geopolitical environment associated with global conflicts, health pandemics, and increased nationalistic, anti-immigrant, and anti-globalization sentiments is also adding more uncertainty and complexity. Due to increased concerns about this multipolar and self-centred internationalization, a few countries are starting to promote inclusive approaches to internationalization.
Web 2.0 technologies and translator training: assessing trainees’ use of instant messaging as a collaborative tool in accomplishing translation tasks
Authors: Tekwa Kizito , Su Wenchao , Li Defeng
Published: May 2024

Web 2.0 technologies have had a significant impact on collaborative communication practices in teaching, learning, and professional work environments. In translation studies, computer-supported collaborative translation tasks have mainly been discussed within the project-based learning framework, where research has foregrounded correlations between collaboration and performance. However, trainees’ specific uses of collaborative tools, including transcripts of real-time exchanges, have neither been sufficiently investigated nor informed pedagogical strategies and approaches in any tangible way. This study bridges this gap by evaluating trainees’ collaborative practices while they translated a text, localized a restaurant menu, and simulated the design and launch of a language service agency. Data was gathered from a questionnaire, in-class presentations, and real-time instant messaging (IM) transcripts. Data analysis of the real-time IM exchanges unveiled considerable trainee communicative practices during collaborative tasks. Furthermore, correlations were established between the volume of instant messages, time of exchange, role played by trainees, and conversation themes with the teams’ final assessment performances. This study provided valuable insights into the effectiveness of IM as a collaborative tool in training environments. It also informed our suggested guidelines for properly integrating IM into the translator training curriculum.
Inequality in relational wealth within the upper societal segment: evidence from prehistoric Central Europe
Authors: Marzian Johannes , Laabs Julian , Müller Johannes , Requate Tilman
Published: May 2024

While our understanding of long-term trends in material wealth inequality in prehistoric societies has expanded in recent decades, we know little about long-term trends in other dimensions of wealth and about social developments within particular societal segments. This paper provides the first evidence of inequality in relational wealth within the upper societal segment of a supra-regional network of communities in prehistoric Central Europe over the first four millennia BCE. To this end, we compiled a novel dataset of 5000 single-funeral burial mounds and employed burial mound volume as a proxy for the buried individual’s relational wealth. Our analysis reveals a consistently high level of inequality among the buried individuals, showing a wave-like pattern with an increasing trend over time. Additionally, our findings show temporal shifts in the size of the upper societal segment. Based on a review of archeological and paleo-environmental evidence, the temporal change in inequality may be explained by technological progress, climate and population dynamics, trade and social networks, and/or sociopolitical transformations.