bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Investigation of Viscous Torque Loss in Ball Bearing Operating in Various Liquids
Authors: Dobrovolný Martin , Habán Vladimír , Tancjurová Jana , Zbavitel Jan
Published: May 2021

The limited functionality of seals that are used in hydraulic machines to prevent the liquid from leaking into the bearings may result in decrease in machine efficiency and reliability and may cause an accident of the whole hydraulic machine. However, not every damage of seals must result in a shutdown of the whole machine. In case of partially or fully flooded bearings, the machine can temporarily operate with significantly increased input power and with lower efficiency. Such a limited operation of the machine shortens its lifetime and is accompanied by the presence of torque loss on the shaft. The measurement of torque loss can be helpful during the design process of new machines as well as for an analysis of hydraulic losses and efficiency of prototypes. Moreover, the real-time measurement of torque loss can be used for remote online monitoring of hydraulic machines. The aim of this paper is to present primarily an experimental investigation of the viscous torque loss for ball bearings submerged into liquid. The CFD simulation is also included to distribute the total torque loss between the hub and the bearing. The main goal is to modify the drag coefficient, respectively the friction loss coefficient in SKF’s and Palgrem’s empirical model. The new coefficients may provide a prediction of torque loss in the fully flooded bearings which is not possible with existing models. The torque loss characteristics are determined for specific ball bearings too. In contradiction to partially flooded bearing situation, it is obvious from a experiment, that some coefficients in Palgrem’s model and SKF model are dependent on revolutions when bearings are fully flooded. The experimental investigation of viscous torque loss are carried out for various types of ball bearings, all fully submerged into two various liquids, i.e., oil and water.
Efectividad de la política económica del Programa de Alimentación Escolar
Authors: Beltrán Ayala Pablo , Landazuri Sergei
Published: May 2021

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar los efectos del Programa de Alimentación Escolar del Ecuador -PAE- en cuanto a eficiencia y efectividad. Para ello, se consideró variables relacionadas con el nivel de asistencia y sus determinantes así como la cantidad de inversión en contraste con el número de beneficiarios del programa. El intervalo temporal para este trabajo se ubicó en el periodo 2000-2013. Se realizó también un análisis de eficiencia de gasto social, siguiendo la línea de dos trabajos enfocados en la evaluación de este programa social donde se usó el método de Variable Instrumental. La fuente principal de los datos necesarios para realizar este trabajo fue la Encuesta de Condiciones de Vida de 2013-2014 (INEC, 2014). Dentro de los principales resultados se concluyó que el PAE, en el periodo estudiado no fue eficiente puesto que el número de beneficiarios no aumentó en la misma proporción que el presupuesto destinado para su financiamiento. En cuanto a la efecitividad, se demostró que sólo los niños que viven más alejados de la escuela y que por lo tanto tardan más tiempo en llegar, son los favorecidos por el programa por lo que el PAE no alcanzó resultados óptimos de efectividad. Esto evidenció la necesidad de restructurar el PAE en el sentido de focalizarlo hacia los más necesitados utilizando diversas variables socio-económicas. De esta manera, la política pública cumpliría con su objetivo y aportaría de forma más contundente a la reducción de la desnutrición infantil rompiendo el círculo vicioso de la pobreza.
Adolescentes cumprindo medidas socioeducativas
Authors: VIEIRA Danielli
Published: May 2021

Este artigo traz reflexões tangenciadas pelas categorias adolescência, medidas socioeducativas, governamentalidade, moralidades e subjetivação a partir de uma etnografia

acerca da “experiência” na vida do crimee centrada em narrativas de meninos e meninas em cumprimento de medidas socioeducativas na região sul do Brasil. Discute a dimensão moral que atravessa os discursos e práticas de/sobre tais sujeitos e especialmente a

gerência do Estado sobre eles via processos de judicialização, tutela, institucionalização,

ortopedias morais. Reflete, também, sobre os efeitos desses processos na produção de

subjetividades bem como as resistências dos sujeitos.
El ascenso de China como potencia comercial a nivel mundial
Authors: Briceño Iria
Published: May 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la evolución económica de la República Popular China a través de su desarrollo en la producción y exportación de productos que lo están llevando a convertirse en la nueva potencia comercial mundial, para lo cual primeramente se muestra un estudio dividido en diferentes apartados: el crecimiento económico de China, la capacidad científica y tecnológica que se está desarrollando por medio de la obtención de títulos universitarios por grandes cantidades de su población; y las estrategias comerciales que ha puesto en práctica este gobierno. Asimismo, se abarca el tema de la manufactura de productos falsos y como China ha irrespetado los derechos de marcas. Se presenta, además, la Ruta de la Seda como parte del análisis para ver a China como una nueva potencia comercial mundial, con factores en contra y a favor, así como los retos para que esto se lleve a cabo.
El éxito singapurense, una reflexión para el desarrollo Centroamericano
Authors: Salgado Edgardo
Published: May 2021

Singapur es uno de los países denominados “Tigres Asiáticos”. Su pronta salida de la pobreza, la corrupción, la desigualdad, la inseguridad ha logrado que este país asiático sea un referente mundial para el desarrollo.

El presente artículo trata de ofrecer una visión resumida de cómo Singapur logró acabar con el subdesarrollo en tan poco tiempo y como ha terminado siendo uno de los principales centros financieros y económicos en todo el mundo; asimismo, se explica cuáles fueron sus drásticas medidas para terminar la corrupción en el aparato gubernamental y cómo la aplicación de leyes intensas ha logrado tener un impacto en el comportamiento de sus habitantes. Por último, se dan a conocer algunos de los principales indicadores de desarrollo y calidad de vida en ese país, y como estos pueden servir como un método reflexivo para los países centroamericanos, que en la actualidad se han visto gravemente afectados por la inestabilidad política, las crisis económicas, la corrupción y el mal manejo de los recursos públicos.
Studi Perbandingan Kinerja Sistem Struktur Setback berdasarkan Metode ATC 40, FEMA 356 dan SNI 1726:2012
Authors: Arman Elias G , Cornelis Remigildus , Sir Tri M
Published: May 2021

The aim of this study was to compare the performance level of the setback structure system and the non-setback structural system using the ATC-40, FEMA 356 and SNI 1726-2012 methods. The non-setback structure have the shortest span of 15 m, the longest span of 20 m and the level of each floor was 3.5 m but the setback structure have setback system on the longest span of 10 m at the 5th and 6th floor level. The results showed that the performance level based on all methods of the sectback structure system is at the immediate occupancy level while the non-setback structure system, based on SNI 1726-2012, the performance level is immediate occupancy for the longest span and the shortest span is damage control. On the other hand, based on the ATC-40 and FEMA 356 methods, the performance level of the non-setback structure is at the immediate occupancy level. Drift on non-setback buildings based on the SNI 1726-2012 method is 0.011, based on the ATC-40 method is 0.007, and based on FEMA 356 is 0.005. Drift on the setback building based on the SNI 1726-2012 method is 0.010, based on the ATC-40 method is 0.006, and based on FEMA 356 is 0.004.
Islamic Intellectualism
Authors: Swazo Norman K.
Published: May 2021

The Pakistani scholar Fazlur Rahman disagreed with the German philosopher Hans-Georg Gadamer on elements of philosophical hermeneutics as they bear upon interpretation of texts ‒ in this case, the interpretation of the Qur’ān. Rahman proposed a “double-movement” theory of Qur’ānic interpretation through which he hoped for the revival and reform of Islamic intellectualism in its encounter with Western modernity, but also with difference from Islamic orthodoxy’s conceptualization of ijtihād. In this paper, I examine Rahman’s concerns as they relate to Gadamer’s general approach to understanding history and textual interpretation. Rahman argued that if Gadamer’s thesis concerning the forestructure1 of human understanding is correct, then Rahman’s theory has no meaning at all. I conclude that there is reason to see Rahman’s theory as consistent with Gadamer’s philosophical hermeneutics, albeit with some modification given Rahman’s focus on psychologism and objectivity as part of his approach to Qur’ānic interpretation. It is the tyranny of hidden prejudices that makes us deaf to what speaks to us in tradition. Hans-Georg Gadamer, Truth and Method
On the Visual Apartheid in Western Europe
Authors: Dorroll Courtney M.
Published: May 2021

This paper focuses on the visual lack of the Muslim minority in the contemporary German urban landscape. Through the reinterpreting of Gérard Genette’s literary method of paratexts, I have analyzed architecture as the main text, while the media’s response is the epitext from which this study analyzes the visibility of the minority in the physical space and the mediated space of Germany. This approach uses a critical cultural lens of analysis.
Textuality as a Linguistic Mechanism for Codifiying Legal Maxims in Islamic Criminal Law
Authors: Zakariyah Luqman
Published: May 2021

Studying the works of medieval Qur’anic exegetes reveals that they explored approaches to interpreting the Qur’an based on the contextualization of Qur’anic principles and concepts. As this article will show, several of these approaches include the notions textuality, intertextuality, and hypertextuality. This article examines one such approach by focusing on the use of textuality as a linguistic mechanism to complement the juristic methodology of codifying legal maxims (qawOE‘id fiqh¥yah) from Qur’anic exegesis. It explores a number of relevant Qur’anic exegeses and synthesizes how Muslim exegetes view the use of textuality with regard to the development of Islamic legal maxims. This article also notes that legal maxims codified by this approach are potentially subject to exception when applied to Islamic criminal law, although, as this article ultimately explains, the basic rule may be static. I also examine the claim that legal maxims codified directly from the sacred texts are unquestionable. This article concludes that the remit of legal maxims codified from textual revelations be done so directly or indirectly; however, this does not preclude their actual application from scrutiny.
REFORMAS EDUCACIONAIS E AS POLÍTICAS DE FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE NO BRASIL
Authors: Amaral George , Novaes Henrique Tahan , Santos José Deribaldo Gomes
Published: May 2021

Este artigo apresenta os principais fundamentos estruturais e ideo-políticos que atuam sob a formação docente no Brasil, cujas implicações resultam no processo de sua mercantilização. Nossa pesquisa - bibliográfica e documental - estabelece discussões sobre a relação entre as diretrizes do Movimento de Educação para Todos (EPT) e as reformas educacionais brasileiras, destacando seus desdobramentos nas políticas de formação de professores. Em seguida, coletamos dados do Censo da Educação Superior que indicam a crescente mercantilização da formação docente. A análise buscou na teoria marxista as categorias para melhor compreender as mediações e contradições do movimento recíproco entre a particularidade histórica e a totalidade na qual o objeto está inserido. Encontramos nos documentos do estado brasileiro a reafirmação das premissas do movimento de Educação para Todos (EPT) que, por sua vez, coadunam com o projeto neoliberal assumido pelas classes dirigentes do Brasil. Nisso constatamos que a configuração da formação docente neste início de século se insere na lógica crescente de desmonte da esfera público-estatal, especialmente no Ensino Superior, determinado pelo interesse privado e o direcionamento do mercado.
Pengaruh Stres terhadap Kejadian Migrain
Authors: Aulia Alfira
Published: May 2021

Pengantar; migrain diidentifikasi sebagai penyebab terjadinya nyeri kepala primer yang ditandai dengan timbulnya rasa nyeri di bagian unilateral, serta gejala penyerta seperti gangguan visual, mual, bahkan muntah. Tujuan untuk melakukan studi pustaka terhadap pengaruh stres terhadap kejadian migrain. Metode; merupakan penelitian studi pustaka (literature review) dengan melakukan telaah pustaka pada artikel yang relevan dengan tujuan penelitian. Hasil; stres sebagai respon psikologis yang timbul jika terdapat tekanan atau beban psikis berlebih dapat berpengaruh pada kejadian migrain. Tingkat stres berbanding lurus dengan intensutas dan frekuensi migrain pada seseorang. Kesimpulan; bahwa melakukan manajemen stress dan koping stres, melakukan penguatan spiritual, melakukan relaksasi dan refreshing secara rutin dan memanfaatkan waktu tersebut untuk menghilangkan kejenuhan atau beban yang ada, memanfaatkan sarana konseling
A REVIEW ON THE APPLICATION OF CRISPR/Cas9-GENOME EDITING TOOL
Authors: Kalita Elora
Published: May 2021

CRISPR-CAS9, a bacterial defensive genome editing mechanism against phages, introduced by Jennifer Doudna and
Emmanuelle Charpentier as a system that can be programmed and reprogrammed in 2012, is a modern revolutionary
bioscience tool with applications far beyond the present-day scientic boundaries. With its accelerating advancements in elds ranging from
agriculture, horticulture, genetic disorders, biomedicines, live-imaging of genes, epigenetic editing, CRISPR technology has already altered the
biological perspective in a great deal. In this review paper, an overview of the CRISPR/CAS9 technology and its applications in agricultural and
bio-medicinal eld of studies based on previously available works of literature, has been shortly summarized.
Kalman filter based prediction and forecasting of cloud server KPIs
Authors: Gyeera Thomas Weripuo , Simons Anthony J.H. , Stannett Mike
Published: May 2021

Cloud computing depends on the dynamic allocation and release of resources, on demand, to meet heterogeneous
computing needs. This is challenging for cloud data centers, which process huge amounts of data characterised by its high volume,
velocity, variety and veracity (4Vs model). Managing such a workload is increasingly difficult using state-of-the-art methods for
monitoring and adaptation, which typically react to service failures after the fact. To address this, we seek to develop proactive methods
for predicting future resource exhaustion and cloud service failures. Our work uses a realistic test bed in the cloud, which is
instrumented to monitor and analyze resource usage. In this paper, we employed the optimal Kalman filtering technique to build a
predictive and analytic framework for cloud server KPIs, based on historical data. Our k-step-ahead predictions on historical data
yielded a prediction accuracy of 95.59%. The information generated from the framework can best be used for optimal resources
provisioning, admission control and cloud SLA management.
A Novel Integer Linear Programming Formulation for Job-Shop Scheduling Problems
Authors: Liu Anbang , Luh Peter , Yan Bing , Bragin Mikhail
Published: May 2021

Job-shop scheduling is an important but difficult problem arising in low-volume high-variety manufacturing. It is usually solved at the beginning of each shift with strict computational time requirements. To obtain near-optimal solutions with quantifiable quality within strict time limits, a direction is to formulate them in an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) form so as to take advantages of widely available ILP methods such as Branch-and-Cut (B&C). Nevertheless, computational requirements for ILP methods on existing ILP formulations are high. In this paper, a novel ILP formulation for minimizing total weighted tardiness is presented. The new formulation has much fewer decision variables and constraints, and is proven to be tighter as compared to our previous formulation. For fast resolution of large problems, our recent decomposition-and-coordination method “Surrogate Absolute-Value Lagrangian Relaxation” (SAVLR) is enhanced by using a 3-segment piecewise linear penalty function, which more accurately approximates a quadratic penalty function as compared to an absolute-value function. Testing results demonstrate that our new formulation drastically reduces the computational requirements of B&C as compared to our previous formulation. For large problems where B&C has difficulties, near-optimal solutions are efficiently obtained by using the enhanced SAVLR under the new formulation.
Le marche di lista in russo. Segnali riformulativi, estensivi, generalizzanti… i vse takoe
Authors: Benigni Valentina
Published: May 2021

This paper offers a survey of list markers in contemporary Russian, i.e. discourse markers that signal the presence of a list and fulfil specific semantic and pragmatic functions, such as generalization (и все такое ‘and things like that’), exemplification (типа ‘such as/kind of’) or reformulation of the list content (так сказать ‘so to speak’). It also explores the structural and functional properties of general extenders within the framework of CxG, focusing particularly on the process of lexicalization and grammaticalization of the discourse marker и все такое ‘and things like that’.
L’espressione della relazione concessiva fattuale in italiano e in russo
Authors: Biagini Francesca
Published: May 2021

The aim of this paper is to compare the means of expression of factual concessive relation in Italian and Russian on the basis of a bidirectional parallel corpus.
The study of the expression of purposive interclausal relation revealed that loose coordination prevails in Russian while tighter subordination dominates in Italian (Biagini 2012). However, for the expression of concessive relation, the results do not confirm a predominance of juxtaposition or coordination in Russian when compared with Italian.
Strategie di relativizzazione in russo
Authors: Milani Sara
Published: May 2021

This article is dedicated to relativization in contemporary Russian and provides an overview of the main Russian morphosyntactic relativization strategies (Cinque 2013). The study describes the typological variety of Russian RCs, using data taken from the National Corpus and tested with native speakers’ judgments. Three criteria have been adopted to examine Russian RCs: the cross-linguistic linear orders of RC and Noun Head (Dryer 2005), the presence of a resumptive pronoun in the relativization site (Lavine 2003) and, finally, the inflectional completeness of the RC (finite/ non-finite RCs).
The Updated Okun Method for Estimation of Potential Output with Broad Measures of Labor Underutilization: An Empirical Analysis
Authors:   Roma Tre University, Fontanari Claudia , Palumbo Antonella ,   Roma Tre University, Salvatori Chiara ,   Roma Tre University
Published: May 2021

This paper extends to different indicators of labor underutilization the Updated Okun Method (UOM) for estimation of potential output proposed in Fontanari et al (2020), which, from a demand-led growth perspective, regards potential output as an empirical approximation to full-employment output, as in A.M.Okun’s (1962) original method. Based on the apparent incapability of the official rate of unemployment to fully account for labor underutilization, in this paper we offer estimates of Okun’s law both with broad unemployment indicators and with an indicator of ‘standardized hours worked’ which we propose as a novel measure of the labor input. The paper reflects on the possible different empirical measures of full employment. The various measures of potential output that we extract from our analysis show greater output gaps than those produced by standard methods, thus highlighting a systematic tendency of the latter to underestimate potential output. Output gaps that underestimate the size of the output loss or that tend to close too soon during recovery, may produce a bias towards untimely restriction.
Phytochemical Screening and Mass Spectrometric Analysis to Unveil the Pharmacological Properties of Weed Euryops pectinatus
Authors: Anju Meshram
Published: May 2021

Euryops pectinatus ‘Viridae’ weed belonging to the family Asteraceae is commonly known as Golden Euryops or African daisy. Present investigation includes phytochemical analysis of methanol extract of Euryops pectinatus weed for the presence of various secondary metabolites. Presence of various secondary metabolites was observed including phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, saponins, glycosides, etc. These secondary metabolites are well known for their biological activities like antioxidation, anti-cancerous, anti-microbial, cardiovascular, and anti-aging. After determination of rich secondary metabolites in the methanol extract, mass spectrometric analysis was carried out for the identification of compounds present in Euryops pectinatus. Eight compounds were identified in the methanol extract reported for nematicide, antioxidant, analgesic, antitumor, anticancerous and several other important activities. Thus phytochemical and mass spectrometric analysis would open new doors to natural product research that would be cost effective and safe for the mankind.

Keywords: Euryops Pectinatus; Phytoconstituents; Bioactives; Mass-Spectroscopy; Anticancer
Pembuatan Mata Pisau Mesin Pencacah Sampah Plastik dengan Material AISI D2 yang Dikeraskan
Authors: Ibrahim Setiani , Hersaputri Megarini , Panjaitan Vici Inouki
Published: May 2021

Salah satu komponen utama mesin pencacah sampah plastik adalah mata pisau. Pada manufaktur lokal, proses desain, pemilihan material dan perlakuan panas pada pembuatan mata pisau sering diabaikan, padahal kriteria tersebut sangat berpengaruh terhadap hasil dan kapasitas cacahan serta umur pakai dari mata pisau. Oleh karena itu, dilakukanlah penelitian ini untuk memperoleh tahapan proses pembuatan mata pisau yang menghasilkan pisau dengan kriteria keras, tangguh, tahan terhadap aus dan korosi. Untuk menghasilkan mata pisau yang tajam dan keras, mata pisau harus dirancang dengan sudut yang sesuai sehingga memiliki gaya pemakanan yang kecil serta pemilihan material yang memiliki hardenability baik seperti material baja perkakas jenis AISI D2. Dimensi pisau dirancang dengan ukuran 13x 95x240 mm untuk pisau statis dan 13x45x240 mm untuk pisau dinamis serta sudut mata pisau sebesar 35o. Pada penelitian ini, tahapan pembuatan mata pisau diawali dengan proses pemotongan material, proses milling untuk memperoleh dimensi yang diinginkan, pembuatan sudut mata pisau, pembuatan slot dan lubang, proses perlakuan panas, dan yang terakhir adalah proses finishing. Dari proses perlakuan panas, diperoleh kekerasan mata pisau sebesar 710 HV. Proses ini dapat meningkatkan kekerasan material lebih dari dua kali lipat dibandingkan dengan material tanpa proses perlakuan panas (296 HV). Proses finishing yang dilakukan adalah proses grinding yang bertujuan untuk memperoleh ketajaman sudut pisau serta tampilan dekoratif yang baik. Dari beberapa tahapan proses yang telah dilakukan, diperoleh produk mata pisau yang memiliki kriteria yang siap digunakan sebagai mata pisau pencacah sampah plastik.
EFFICIENCY OF COST AND RESULTS MANAGEMENT IN A JOINT STOCK COMPANY
Authors:   master degree student of the International School of Business, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics Moscow Russian Federation, VOLKOV V. S.
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to a comprehensive economic analysis of the efficiency of cost and performance management of three meat processing corporations operating in the competitive sphere of the Moscow region. On the basis of a comparative analysis of private and generalized indicators, an assessment of the effective-ness of corporate management is given. A more in-depth and detailed analysis was carried out in relation to ZAO Mikoyanovsky Meat Processing Plant for 2017–2019 in comparison with 2012, due to which factors and reserves for increasing profits and profitability were identified.
EXPENSES AND INCOME OF RUSSIAN NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS IN THE DEVELOPMENT SYSTEM OF THEIR FINANCIAL RELATIONS
Authors:   candidate of Economic sciences, associate Professor Department of Accounting and Taxation, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation, POSADNEVA E. M.
Published: May 2021

At present, the financial relations of non-profit organizations in Russia with different levels of government, as well as the business community, characterize the degree of social, moral and cultural situation in society. The relations of non-profit organizations in terms of their financing are associated with support from the state, its interest in their functioning thanks to the budgetary funds received from it and receipts from extra-budgetary funds. At the current level of development of Russian society, and due to the aggravated situation with the pandemic, the topic of the sphere of activity of non-profit organizations, obviously, acquires special relevance.
PROGRESSIVE INCOME TAXATION: FOREIGN EXPERIENCE AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR FURTHER DEVELOPMENT IN RUSSIA
Authors:   master's degree student, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, Russia, LEPESHKINA E. A.
Published: May 2021

The relevance of the research topic is due to the fact that in 2021 there was an important change in wages-the introduction of a progressive personal income tax rate. This system of income taxation is just be-ginning to be implemented and, of course, will be subject to further changes. The state has an important task to carry out this process consistently, taking into account the peculiarities of the country and relying on the successful experience of developed countries. The article reveals the concepts of progressive and propor-tional taxation, considers the views of supporters of these types of taxation systems, examines foreign expe-rience in applying the progressive personal income tax rate, and makes suggestions for improving the existing system.
TAX REVENUES DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND THEIR PREDICTABILITY
Authors:   postgraduate student of the Department of Accounting and Taxation, Russian University of Economics named after G. V. Plekhanov, Moscow, Russian Federation, ALTELFAKH R.
Published: May 2021

The article explores the concept of «tax revenues» and their predictability during the Pandemic Covid-19, and what are the correct forecasting methods and highlights the tax law amendments that occurred during the Corona Pandemic.
IMPROVING TAX ADMINISTRATION WITHIN THE CONSOLIDATED GROUP OF TAXPAYERS APPLYING THE RUSSIAN ACCOUNTING AND TAX ACCOUNTING SYSTEM
Authors:   Doctor of Economics, Professor of the Department of Accounting and Taxation, Russian Economic University named after G. V. Plekhanov, Moscow, Russian Federation, BRATTSEV V. I. , FALILEEVA I. S. ,   Master's student of the Department of Accounting and Taxation, Russian Economic University named after G. V. Plekhanov, Moscow, Russian Federation, KOVALENKO G. K. ,   graduate student, Academic Department of Accounting and Taxation Russian University of Economics named after G. V. Plekhanov, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: May 2021

The article identifies the need and prerequisites for bringing the national accounting and reporting system in line with the requirements of modern tax legislation. The problems and prospects of using the accounting and tax accounting system within the framework of a consolidated group of taxpayers, in terms of reducing the tax burden, are considered. The process of reforming the tax system, in particular the tax accounting of corporate income tax, has been analyzed.
INCREASE IN THE TAX BURDEN OF INDIVIDUALS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors:   candidate of Economic Sciences, assistant professor of accounting and taxation, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation, AKSENOVA A. A.
Published: May 2021

The article deals with the increase in the tax burden of individuals due to the expansion of taxable objects and the introduction of a new increased rate on personal income tax, on incomes exceeding 5 million rubles.
AUDIT OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
Authors:   candidate of Economic Sciences, associate Professor of the Department «State financial control and Treasury», Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation, EFREMOVA E. I.
Published: May 2021

Audit plays an important role and is a control mechanism for further reducing the risks and risks of bank-ruptcy of the enterprise. Currently, one of the most important areas in the activities of any state is foreign economic, which includes export and import relations with external states, which requires detailed control and certain audit procedures. To conduct an audit of this type of activity, it is required to use regulatory and audit procedures and mechanisms that are not used in other industries. This article will discuss the main stages and features of conducting, problems and aspects of regulating the audit of foreign economic activity.
On a notion of rapidity of convergence used in the study of fixed point iterative methods
Authors:   DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTER SCIENCE NORTH UNIVERSITY CENTER AT BAIA MARE, TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF CLUJ-NAPOCA VICTORIEI 76, 430122 BAIA MARE, ROMANIA E-mail address: vberinde@ubm.ro, BERINDE VASILE ,   vasile berinde@yahoo.com,   DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS KING FAHD UNIVERSITY OF PETROLEUM AND MINERALS DHAHRAN, SAUDI ARABIA E-mail address: vasile.berinde@gmail.com
Published: May 2021

There exist many papers written in the last 50 years or so which are using a concept of rapidity of convergence for two comparable sequences. It appears that the original source of this notion is not known to most of the authors of those papers, since for this notion they are refereeing to different sources or simply do not refer to any other publication like this notion would be ”folklore” or even like they would be the ones who introduced for the first time such a notion. Starting from this fact, the aim of the present note is to try to find out who was the true author of that notion of rapidity of convergence and, secondly, to illustrate how it is used in the particular case of the study of fixed point iterative methods.
Strong twins of ordinary star-like self-contained graphs
Authors:   DEPARTMENT OF PURE MATHEMATICS FERDOWSI UNIVERSITY OF MASHHAD P. O. BOX 1159, MASHHAD 91775, IRAN E-mail address: mh.shekarriz@stu.um.ac.ir, SHEKARRIZ MOHAMMAD HADI , MIRZAVAZIRI MADJID ,   DEPARTMENT OF PURE MATHEMATICS FERDOWSI UNIVERSITY OF MASHHAD P. O. BOX 1159, MASHHAD 91775, IRAN E-mail address: mirzavaziri@um.ac.ir
Published: May 2021

A self-contained graph is an infinite graph which is isomorphic to one of its proper induced subgraphs. In this paper, ordinary star-like selfcontained graphs are introduced and it is shown that every ordinary star-like self-contained graph has infinitely many strong twins or none.
At Lunch with Freeman Dyson
Authors: Press William
Published: May 2021

This is the story of a minor discovery in mathematical game theory. It concerns the prisoner’s dilemma game, which, played once, involves little strategy. But consider the iterated prisoner’s dilemma (IPD) game. In the IPD, there is information in the previous plays, which each player can use to devise a superior strategy that remains self-interested.
The Game of Life
Authors: Kleitman Daniel
Published: May 2021

The late John Horton Conway had a gift for making complicated mathematics appear simple. One piece of his work helped to solve the major problem of group theory and led mathematicians to realize that if something holds for all simple groups, it has to be true for all groups. He also contributed the concept of surreal numbers and invented popular puzzles such as the Game of Life.
Complexity Far from Equilibrium
Authors: Engel Michael
Published: May 2021

Life is a sophisticated example of dynamic self-assembly, which occurs far from equilibrium. Can researchers harness this phenomenon to purposefully create and control more diversely complex behavior? Ghaith Makey et al. investigated groups of particles across sizes and materials and found results that concern a degree of control over particle activity, universal growth, and fluctuation statistics.
A Review on Healthcare Schemes in Nigeria: a Case of Corona Virus Pandemic
Authors: Dokunmu Titilope M. , Adjekukor Cynthia U. , Okuboyejo Senanu R. , Bello Akeem , Ayeni Foluso , Mbarika Victor
Published: May 2021

Healthcare is an important social amenity which impacts greatly on overall wellbeing of persons especially in low- and middle-income countries where disease burdens are high. In Nigeria health insurance schemes aim to improve the health of citizens and provide equal access to healthcare across different income classes. Corona virus pandemic has affected millions of persons globally with adverse impact on health and health expenses. In the case of a global emergency such as the Corona virus pandemic versus the normal scenario, different healthcare policies are implemented. This study reviews the challenges of health burdens, healthcare delivery, healthcare coverage before and during COVID-19 pandemic, health insurance schemes, and strategies for future improvements in Nigeria. This study reports the current state of health insurance schemes and healthcare coverage in Nigeria, during a pandemic and strategies for an all-inclusive policy for less privileged especially those managing long term illnesses. The global economic and health impact of COVID-19 is expected to be long lasting, hence health policies that further reduce hardship and health burdens are critically needed.
Peran Orang Tua Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Pembelajaran Daring
Authors: Na'im Zulfatun , Fakhru Ahsani Eva Luthfi
Published: May 2021

This article aims to find out: 1) what is the role of parents on student learning outcomes? 2) what is the role of parents in online learning ?, 3) What are the efforts made by parents in improving student learning outcomes in online learning ?. Parents are one of the people who are very responsible in the process of children's education. The active role of parents during the Covid-19 pandemic by implementing online learning will have an impact on student learning outcomes. The research method used in this research is qualitative research methods and in data collection using the phenomenological method and the research subjects are parents. From the research that has been carried out, the results of this study are: The role of parents on student learning outcomes is very important, with the responsibility of that person, student learning outcomes will affect especially learning outcomes related to affective and psychomotor, parental war in learning online during the Covid-19 pandemic is very influential and very important, with the role of parents in this online learning, the child will complete the task that has been given, and the child's ability to continue to develop even though not with the accompanying teacher. The efforts made by parents are always to motivate and encourage children to be able to carry out online learning.
To work alone or with peers: Examining smallholder coffee farmers’ perceptions influencing collective actions
Authors: Silvert Colby , Diaz John , Warner Laura , Ochieng Willis
Published: May 2021

This study examines how smallholder coffee farmers’ perceptions may influence their engagement in peer mobilization and collective action. Forty smallholder coffee farmers were interviewed in the Central Highlands region of Peru using a closed-ended instrument. The sample of smallholder farmers was achieved using purposive and snowball sampling methods. Quantitative data on farmers’ attitudes and aspirations regarding working with peers, autonomy, and external support as well as knowledge, skills, and behaviors pertinent to collective actions were collected and analyzed using descriptive and correlational procedures. Key findings indicate farmers perceive a need for external support, feel there are benefits of collective actions, and aspire to work with their peers. Based on the findings, it is recommended that practitioners and farmer group leaders focus training efforts on building smallholders’ knowledge and skills in mobilization, encourage peer association/collective action as a source of external support, and target knowledgeable, skilled and confident farmers to lead collective actions. This study has implications to bolster support for farmer-to-farmer extension and technical assistance systems and inform the identification of leader farmers.
Influence of Sleep–Wake Patterns on the Body’s Adaptive Capabilities During Antarctic Wintering
Authors:   Kuban State Medical University, Dey Valentin A. , Polishchuk Svetlana V. , Pokrovskiy Vladimir M.
Published: May 2021

This article studies the influence of the sleep pattern (duration of uninterrupted sleep and rhythm of sleep periods) on the condition of the body’s adaptive resources during a year-round stay at a research station in Antarctica. We compared two cases that coincide in most parameters of daily life (living conditions, influence of environmental factors, level of social contacts, anthropometric data, and health status), but differ in terms of day regimen due to work activities. To assess the body’s adaptive capabilities, the index of regulatory and adaptive status (IRAS) was used, calculated by parameters obtained by the method of cardio-respiratory synchronism. The first subject (a radio operator) showed IRAS dynamics coinciding with deterioration and improvement of environmental conditions (daylight hours, weather conditions) affecting the Antarctic station staff, which was a predicted result. The second subject (a meteorologist) demonstrated a fundamentally different dynamics of the body’s adaptive capabilities: during deterioration of environmental conditions, the body’s adaptive resources increased due to lower work intensity and, as a result, a significant improvement in the sleep pattern. IRAS dynamics showed that the amount and quality of sleep has a more significant impact on human health than adverse weather conditions (storms). This opens up a wide range of opportunities to compensate for unavoidable adverse environmental conditions and help to preserve, as much as possible, the capacity for work in members of polar expeditions during wintering, as sudden decompensation can cause disruption to ongoing programmes at the research station. For citation: Dey V.A., Polishchuk S.V., Pokrovskiy V.M. Influence of Sleep–Wake Patterns on the Body’s Adaptive Capabilities During Antarctic Wintering. Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 2021, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 138–144. DOI: 10.37482/2687-1491-Z051
Morphofunctional Features of Immunocompetent Cells in the Human Placenta from Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors:   Saint-Petersburg Medico-Social Institute, Makarenko Svetlana V. , Drobintseva Anna O. ,   Saint-Petersburg Medico-Social Institute,   Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Medvedev Dmitriy S. ,   Saint-Petersburg Medico-Social Institute,   North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, Bode Irina I. ,   Saint-Petersburg State University, Andreev Aleksandr E. ,   Saint-Petersburg Medico-Social Institute, Shumilkin Viktor R. , Polyakova Viktoriya O.
Published: May 2021

The placenta is a unique organ that provides a normal functioning of foetus during the period of intrauterine development. However, in spite of its importance, the placenta remains poorly studied. Answers to the questions about immune interactions in the placenta can explain the development of many pregnancy complications. This paper studied age-related features of immunocompetent cell markers expression in the human placenta in normal and pathological conditions (type 2 diabetes mellitus, T2DМ). We examined villous chorion samples obtained from 80 patients: 40 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 40 control subjects. Each of the groups was further divided into the subgroups of primiparas and multiparas, as well as into age subgroups (births before and after 28 years). We selected CD68 (macrophage marker), CD20 (B-lymphocyte marker) and CD57 (NK-cell marker) as molecules of interest. The research revealed differences in the expression of immunocompetent cell markers between the group of patients with T2DМ and the control group as well as age-related differences in the expression of these markers within the groups. In addition, we were able to study the morphofunctional state of the placentas. It is known that signalling molecules produced by immune cells play a key role in the pathological processes that can take place during pregnancy. The results obtained indicate a high epidemiological and scientific importance of inflammatory markers in assessing the gestation course and the possible development of somatic pathology in newborns, especially in women aged 28 or older. For citation: Makarenko S.V., Drobintseva A.O., Medvedev D.S., Bode I.I., Andreev A.E., Shumilkin V.R., Polyakova V.O. Morphofunctional features of Immunocompetent Cells in the human Placenta from Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 2021, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 153–162. DOI: 10.37482/2687-1491-Z053
Risk of Endothelial Dysfunction and Total Antioxidant Capacity in Seafarers During an Arctic Voyage
Authors:   Northern State Medical University, Vorob’eva Nadezda A. ,   Northern Branch of the National Medical Research Centre for Haematology, Vorob’eva Alena I. ,   Northern State Medical University, Marusiy Anastasiya A.
Published: May 2021

Among other areas of research, clinical medicine studies the adaptation mechanisms of the vascular endothelium to the extreme conditions of the Arctic. This paper dwells on the possible relationship of the development of endothelial dysfunction and the antioxidant system with modifiable risk factors during a short translatitudinal voyage in the Arctic. The study involved 32 crew members of the research vessel Mikhail Somov during the TransArctic–2019 research expedition. Venous blood sampling was carried out before the voyage at the zero point (Arkhangelsk, 64°33’N 40°32’E) and at the highest point of the expedition (Hayes Island, 80°34’N 57°41’E). Endothelin-1 concentration and serum total antioxidant capacity were determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We found statistically significant differences (Student’s t-test: t = –3.6532; df = 31; p < 0.001) in endothelin-1 concentration at the zero point (4.79 ± 2.10 pg/ml) and high point (7.02 ± 2.42 pg/ml), which indicates vasoconstriction, i.e. the first signs of the formation of vascular endothelium maladaptation. In 84.4 % of the crew members at the high point we detected high total antioxidant capacity, which can indicate compensation of antioxidant defence mechanisms. Noteworthy, serum total antioxidant capacity in smokers was statistically significantly higher than in non-smokers. Moreover, the predominance of high antioxidant activity among the crew members points to an increased oxidative load on the sailors’ body having to neutralize the excess amount of reactive oxygen species. For citation: Vorob’eva N.A., Vorob’eva A.I., Marusiy A.A. Risk of Endothelial Dysfunction and Total Antioxidant Capacity in Seafarers During an Arctic Voyage. Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 2021, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 192–200. DOI: 10.37482/2687-1491-Z057
MODERN TENDENCIES OF UZBEK-KOREAN ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL RELATIONS DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Economics, ISMAILOVA Docent Nilufar , KHUDAYBERGENOVA Adolat ,   Tashkent State University of Economics
Published: May 2021

This thesis examines and analyzes the dynamics of economic and social relations between Uzbekistan and South Korea in recent years. In particular, the impact of similar relations between the two countries on the overall development of the country, including the growth of social life and the positive changes in economic, political and trade relations between the two countries.
UZBEKISTAN-KOREA: CURRENT SITUATION AND PROSPECTS OF EDUCATIONAL COOPERATION
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Oriental Studies, USMANOVA Prof. Shoira , SAYDAZIMOVA Prof. Umida ,   Tashkent State University of Oriental Studies
Published: May 2021

This article discusses the cooperation between Uzbekistan and the Republic of Korea in the field of education, the current state and prospects of Korean studies.
PECULIARITIES OF GREETING IN KOREAN AND UZBEK LINGUOCULTURE
Authors:   Tashkent State university of Oriental Studies, Uzbekistan, YUSUPOVA Gulchekhra
Published: May 2021

This article examines the peculiarities of greeting etiquette in Korean and Uzbek culture. Factors such as age, circumstances, position, gender, and ceremony that are common to greeting Koreans and Uzbeks are analyzed. The peculiarities and differences of the linguistic landscape of the Uzbek and Korean linguistic communities are also highlighted.
NATIONAL AND CULTURAL FEATURES OF CHINESE, KOREAN AND UZBEK NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Oriental Studies, SHAMSIEVA Ph.D. Shohistaxon
Published: May 2021

This article is devoted to the study of national and cultural features of Chinese, Korean and Uzbek nonverbal communication. In it, nonverbal means in Chinese, Korean, and Uzbek cultures are studied by classifying them into semantic groups such as greetings, farewells, thanks, and apologies.
THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF THE NATURE AND ORGANIZERS OF THE INVESTMENT ENVIRONMENT
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Oriental Studies, Uzbekistan, KHAYDAROVA Nazokat
Published: May 2021

Since the Republic of Uzbekistan became a full member of the world economic system, significant progress has been made in the development of investment processes. First of all, the regulatory framework for investment activity has been created and is being improved based on socio-economic conditions. Today, the investment climate created in Uzbekistan is characterized by the convenience of attracting foreign investment to the national economy.
UNDERSTANDING OF UZBEK AND KOREAN AUXILIARY VERBS
Authors:   Tashkent state University of Oriental studies, Uzbekistan, SANGHEUM Yeon
Published: May 2021

Uzbek and Korean are characterized by agglutination. When comparing and contrasting the two languages, we can find quite a few similarities in the conjugation of verbs, especially auxiliary verbs, where the characteristics of the agglutinating language are most prominent. In the use of auxiliary verbs, the two languages ​​are similar in semantically as well as in simple structural aspects, and there are many cases where the same meaning is expressed using the auxiliary verb. On the other hand, there are differences as well, but there is still a lack of comparative studies between the two languages ​​on the corresponding grammar item. In addition, errors in the most common and widely used Google translator can also be found. Although there were no major problems in conveying simple meanings, sentence construction using auxiliary verbs was not performed properly. By briefly introducing these problems, it was found that the necessity for contrast study and corpus construction between the two languages was required.
UZBEKISTAN AND THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA: HISTORY MEETS AT THE HIGHEST LEVEL
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Oriental Studies, TURAXODJAEV Muhammadbobur
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the history of high-level meetings, in it, in chronological order, the visits of the heads of state are considered. The author analyzes the results of the meetings, highlights the current state and main trends in the field of trade, economic and technical cooperation between the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Republic of Korea. The article emphasizes that relations between Uzbekistan and South Korea have grown into a strategic partnership, bilateral relations are developing in political, trade, economic, investment, cultural, humanitarian and other spheres.