bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A rapid investigation of near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent switch-on probes for detection and in cellulo tracking of G-quadruplex and double-stranded DNA
Authors: Shinziya Hazeena , Menon Revathi S , Das Avijit Kumar
Published: September 2024

This review provides a comprehensive fast overview of the recent advancements in Near Infrared (NIR) fluorescence switch-on probes for the detection and in cellulo tracking of G-quadruplex and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA).
A DASA displaying highly efficient and rapid reversible isomerization within sustainable nano/micro capsules: one step closer to sustainability
Authors: Liu Baoshuo , Fan Xinnian , Ma Hao , Xie Yutong , Fan Haojun , Yan Qiang , Xiang Jun
Published: September 2024

A donor–acceptor Stenhouse adduct exhibits highly efficient, rapid, and reversible isomerization within sustainable nano/micro capsules. Forward isomerization reaches 84% (620 nm, 25 °C, 300 s), and backward reaches 90% (50 °C, 120 s).
A multi-layer flexible photothermal titanium nitride-based superhydrophobic surface for highly efficient anti-icing and de-icing
Authors: Ji Bowen , Chen Tianchi , Song Xuqing , Sheng Lianchao , Lu Xiangning , Yang Daolong
Published: September 2024

ML-SHs has excellent photothermal deicing performance as well as satisfactory anti-icing performance.
The role of vanadium substitution in the oxygen sublattice disorder of Ba7Nb4MoO20-based hexagonal perovskite oxide-ion conductors
Authors: Biffo Abdulkadir Olatunbosun , Famprikis Theodosios , Groszewicz Pedro B.
Published: September 2024

We track the evolution of the oxygen sublattice disorder in hexagonal perovskite oxides upon vanadium aliovalent substitution using neutron, X-ray diffraction and solid-state NMR spectroscopy.
A plant-friendly wearable sensor for reducing interfacial abiotic stress effects and growth monitoring
Authors: Xu Haoyan , Wu Han , Jia Na , Bai Yuan , Zhu Liangkuan , Sun Chenrui , Xu Dongnan , Song Wenlong , Sun Zhuangzhi
Published: September 2024

A scalable, transparent, and breathable bioinspired plant-friendly wearable sensor is developed for detecting plant microenvironment, proficiently mitigating abiotic stresses and markedly minimizing potential damage to plants.
Understanding pore size relation in cellulose-derived, nitrogen-doped, hydrothermal carbons for improved supercapacitor performance
Authors: Prieto Manuel , Ellis Gary J. , Budarin Vitaliy , Morales Enrique , Naffakh Mohammed , Shuttleworth Peter S.
Published: September 2024

Eco-friendly supercapacitor electrodes were synthesised using HTC and pyrolysis, yielding capacitance values > 275 F g−1 and power densities ≈ 3000 W kg−1 that were linked to near ideal pore size matching to the electrolyte sulphate ion diameter.
Effects of Al concentration on the structure and conductivity of lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide
Authors: Moy Alexandra C. , Manjón-Sanz Alicia , Caracciolo Tori C. , Lobanov Maxim V. , Veith Gabriel M. , Sakamoto Jeff
Published: September 2024

New structural contributions to conductivity in cubic Li7−3xAlxLa3Zr2O12 and differences in conductivity controlling mechanisms between different substitution types are revealed.
Structural insights to metal ion linked multilayers on metal oxide surfaces via energy transfer and polarized ATR measurements
Authors: Arcidiacono Ashley , Ruchlin Cory , McLeod Grace M. , Pattadar Dhruba , Lindbom Sarah , Robb Alex J. , Ayad Suliman , Dos Santos Nikolas R. , Alabugin Igor V. , Saavedra S. Scott , Hanson Kenneth
Published: September 2024

UV-vis polarized visible attenuated total reflectance (p-ATR) and Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) measurements are used to determine the orientation of molecules in metal ion linked multilayers.
p–d coupling: prerequisite for band-like doping levels in metal oxides
Authors: Zhang Kangyu , Yin Li-Chang , Deng Guoqiang , Chen Xing-Qiu , Cheng Hui-Ming , Liu Gang
Published: September 2024

The existence of strong p–d coupling between O/N-pπ and metal t2g orbitals is the prerequisite for inducing band-like N doping levels.
Development of substrate-independent heparin coating to mitigate surface-induced thrombogenesis: efficacy and mechanism
Authors: Cheng Shengjun , Ji Haifeng , Xu Tao , Liu Xianda , Xu Lin , Zhao Weifeng , Zhao Changsheng
Published: September 2024

A facile and substrate independent heparin-based coating was developed in this study. And the associated anticoagulant mechanism of this coating was clarified.
A bilayer hydrogel mimicking the periosteum-bone structure for innervated bone regeneration
Authors: Lyu Wenhui , Zhang Yuyue , Ding Shaopei , Li Xiang , Sun Tong , Luo Jun , Wang Jian , Li Jianshu , Li Lei
Published: September 2024

The bilayer hydrogel GS@Mg/GP@Mg in this study is a promising material to promote innervated bone regeneration for functional and structural repair of bone defects.
High-performance hardware primitives based on sub-10 nm nanodiodes for cryptography applications
Authors: Chen Kun , Li Nannan , Luo Yi , Yao Yao
Published: September 2024

This work demonstrates novel, compact, all-electric, and highly secure quantum TRNGs by utilizing the stochastic behavior of ultrafast tunneling emission–current fluctuations from sub-10 nm air-channel nanodiodes.
Solution-processed tungsten oxide with Ta5+ doping enhances the hole selective transport for crystalline silicon solar cells
Authors: Liu Dan , Ren Penghui , Zhao Di , Li Songyu , Wang Jianqiao , Zhou Hang , Liu Wei , Zeng Yuheng , Yu Xuegong , Wang Peng , Cui Can
Published: September 2024

We demonstrate that low-cost, solution-processed WO3−x films with Ta5+ doping exhibit reduced oxygen vacancies and improved hole selectivity, achieving a remarkable PCE of 18.67% for WO3−x/p-Si heterojunction solar cells.
Differences Between French and English in the Use of Suprasegmental Cues for the Short-Term Recall of Word Lists
Authors: Lew Emilia C. , Sares Anastasia , Gilbert Annie C. , Zhang Yue , Lehmann Alexandre , Deroche Mickael
Published: September 2024

Purpose:

Greater recognition of the impact of hearing loss on cognitive functions has led speech/hearing clinics to focus more on auditory memory outcomes. Typically evaluated by scoring participants' recall on a list of unrelated words after they have heard the list read out loud, this method implies pitch and timing variations across words. Here, we questioned whether these variations could impact performance differentially in one language or another.

Method:

In a series of online studies evaluating auditory short-term memory in normally hearing adults, we examined how pitch patterns (Experiment 1), timing patterns (Experiment 2), and interactions between the two (Experiment 3) affected free recall of words, cued recall of forgotten words, and mental demand. Note that visual memory was never directly tested; written words were only used after auditory encoding in the cued recall part. Studies were administered in both French and English, always conducted with native listeners.

Result:

Confirming prior work, grouping mechanisms facilitated free recall, but not cued recall (the latter being only affected by longer presentation time) or ratings of mental demand. Critically, grouping by pitch provided more benefit for French than for English listeners, while grouping by time was equally beneficial in both languages.

Conclusion:

Pitch is more useful to French- than to English-speaking listeners for encoding spoken words in short-term memory, perhaps due to the syllable-based versus stress-based rhythms inherent to each language.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27048328
Hyperspectral imagery quality assessment and band reconstruction using the prophet model
Authors: Ma Ping , Ren Jinchang , Gao Zhi , Li Yinhe , Chen Rongjun
Published: September 2024

In Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI), the detrimental influence of noise and distortions on data quality is profound, which has severely affected the following‐on analytics and decision‐making such as land mapping. This study presents an innovative framework for assessing HSI band quality and reconstructing the low‐quality bands, based on the Prophet model. By introducing a comprehensive quality metric to start, the authors approach factors in both spatial and spectral characteristics across local and global scales. This metric effectively captures the intricate noise and distortions inherent in the HSI data. Subsequently, the authors employ the Prophet model to forecast information within the low‐quality bands, leveraging insights from neighbouring high‐quality bands. To validate the effectiveness of the authors’ proposed model, extensive experiments on three publicly available uncorrected datasets are conducted. In a head‐to‐head comparison, the framework against six state‐of‐the‐art band reconstruction algorithms including three spectral methods, two spatial‐spectral methods and one deep learning method is benchmarked. The authors’ experiments also delve into strategies for band selection based on quality metrics and the quality evaluation of the reconstructed bands. In addition, the authors assess the classification accuracy utilising these reconstructed bands. In various experiments, the results consistently affirm the efficacy of the authors’ method in HSI quality assessment and band reconstruction. Notably, the authors’ approach obviates the need for manually prefiltering of noisy bands. This comprehensive framework holds promise in addressing HSI data quality concerns whilst enhancing the overall utility of HSI.
Multiple‐nodes based cooperative jamming detection for reactive follower jamming in ISAC
Authors: Li Cheng , Shi Yuxin , Lu Xinjin , Wang Junjie , Zhu Yonggang , Xiao Ming
Published: September 2024

Accurate jamming detection is a prerequisite and important support for efficient anti‐jamming communication in integrated sensing and communications. In recent years, the reactive follower jamming, characterized by the high jamming efficiency and the difficulty of detection, is seen as the main opponent for frequency hopping spread spectrum communication, which poses a threat to the reliability of wireless communication. Based on the background, a multiple‐nodes based cooperative jamming detection scheme is proposed for accurately detecting the reactive follower jamming. Specifically, the secondary nodes send the average energy of the suspected attacked symbols to the primary user as the uplink data in each detection period, and then the detection result is provided by the detection threshold. The optimal detection threshold is derived for the primary user according to the uplink data and channel conditions. In addition, the theoretical probability of detection under the optimal threshold is derived, and the complexity of the scheme is analysed. Simulation results show that the proposed multiple‐nodes based cooperative jamming detection scheme for reactive follower jamming can effectively improve the probability of detection.
New trends on noise reduction for power grid by acoustic metamaterials
Authors: Li Xing , Huang Weichun , Yu Yonghua , Pan Xinrong , Shen Xiaohai , Chen Jinglun , Qiu Junjie , Wang Jiawei , Zou Linyang , Qian Siwen , Nie Jingkai , Lu Ming‐Hui , Chen Yan‐Feng
Published: September 2024

Lightweight low‐frequency acoustic materials have become an important direction in the development of acoustic protection materials for power grid facilities and equipment. However, conventional acoustic materials cannot simultaneously meet the special requirements of low frequency, frequency‐selective, lightweight, and fire‐proofing for noise reduction of power grid facilities and equipment. Acoustic metamaterials have extraordinary acoustic properties, such as low‐frequency sound absorption and sound insulation that breaks the mass law. They mainly rely on microstructure design rather than the inherent properties of raw materials to achieve macroscopic extraordinary performance and are expected to meet the above requirements. The authors introduced the physical mechanisms and latest developments of different acoustic metamaterials for sound absorption, sound and vibration control, and briefly described the latest design methods based on artificial intelligence technologies. The potential application of acoustic metamaterials is discussed for noise reduction of power grid facilities and equipment.
A data mining‐based interruptible load contract model for the modern power system
Authors: Hui Zou , Jun Yang , Qi Meng
Published: September 2024

To devise more scientifically rational interruptible load contracts, this paper introduces a novel model for interruptible load contracts within modern electric power systems, grounded in data mining techniques. Initially, user characteristics are clustered using data mining technology to determine the optimal number of clusters. Building on this, the potential for different users to participate in interruptible load programs is analysed based on daily load ratios, yielding various user‐type parameters. Furthermore, the paper develops an interruptible load contract model that incorporates load response capabilities, enhancing the traditional interruptible load contract model based on principal‐agent theory through considerations of user type parameters and maximum interruptible load limits. The objective function, aimed at maximizing the profits of the electric company, is solved, and lastly, through the use of real data, a case study analysis focusing on commercial users with the strongest load response capabilities is conducted. The results affirm the efficacy of the proposed model.
Deep handwritten diagram segmentation
Authors: Pravalpruk Buntita , Dailey Matthew N.
Published: September 2024

Handwriting is a natural way to communicate and exchange ideas, but converting handwritten diagrams to application‐specific digital formats requires skill and time. Automatic handwritten document conversion can save time, but diagrams and text require different recognition engines. Since accurate segmentation of handwritten diagrams can improve the accuracy of later diagram recognition steps, the authors propose to solve the problem of segmentation of text and non‐text elements of handwritten diagrams using deep semantic segmentation. The model, DeepDP is a flexible U‐net style architecture that can be tuned in complexity to a level appropriate for a particular dataset and diagram type. Experiments on a public hand‐drawn flowchart dataset and a business process diagram dataset show excellent performance, with a per pixel accuracy of 98.6% on the public flowchart datasets and improvement over the 99.3% text stroke accuracy and 96.6% non‐text stroke accuracy obtained by state of the art methods that use online stroke information. On the smaller offline business process diagram dataset, the method obtains a per‐pixel accuracy of 96.9%.
A novel and easy‐to‐implement modulation scheme for reducing modulation complexity in modular multilevel converter
Authors: Wang Zichen , Liu Zhijie , Li Ke‐Jun , Dou Jinxin , Guo Zhonglin , Ge Xiaoxue
Published: September 2024

Modulation strategy plays a key role in the operation of modular multilevel converters (MMC). Although many studies have been carried out on its optimization in MMC, the limitations of hardware implementation are seldom considered. This paper presents a novel and easy‐to‐implement modulation strategy that simplifies both hardware design and application. From the analysis in this paper, the widely‐used modulation methods have the problems of pulse width modulation (PWM) signal feedback and complex carrier configuration in hardware implementation. By setting up a flexible insertion and removal submodule and proposing a capacitor voltage balance algorithm based on duty ratio allocation, the proposed modulation method can allow for the separate design of the Algorithm Unit and the PWM Unit in the hardware, which solves the problem of PWM feedback and reduces the hardware requirement of the trigger system. Moreover, the proposed method can broaden the selection range of processor chips. Finally, a downscaled MMC prototype is built; the proposed method is verified by both simulation and experiment.
Investigation of DC‐bus control modes and impacts on energy yield for a modular HVDC wind drive train
Authors: da Rocha Lorrana Faria , Verkroost Lynn , Vansompel Hendrik , Olsen Pål Keim
Published: September 2024

This article aims to investigate different dc‐bus voltage balancing control modes for a modular HVDC drive train applied to offshore wind energy. The modular structure discussed consists of a stacked polyphase bridge converter connected to the modules of a segmented generator. Three voltage control modes are analysed: non‐voltage balancing, voltage balancing allowing overcurrent, and voltage balancing with power derating. Assembly imperfections and operation differences can cause parametric deviations across modules leading to generation unbalance. When operating with voltage balancing with power derating, none has ac overcurrent or dc overvoltage. However, when the turbine is already operating at nominal power, a reduction in total power is required for this to occur. On the other hand, non‐voltage balancing or voltage balancing allowing overcurrent could bring more generated power to the system as the optimal output power allows dc overvoltage or ac overcurrent in some of the modules, respectively. Therefore, there is a trade‐off between efficiency and oversizing the system's components. A sensitivity analysis is performed to identify the expected dc‐bus voltage deviation. Experimental results in a low‐power prototype validate the voltage balancing control modes and a case study demonstrates the impact on energy yield in an offshore wind turbine.
Design optimization of inner and outer‐rotor PMSGs for X‐ROTOR wind turbines
Authors: Yazdanpanah Reza , Mortazavizadeh Seyed Abolfazl , Salehian Mohammad , Campos‐Gaona David , Anaya‐Lara Olimpo
Published: September 2024

This article presents an analytical design approach for the inner and outer rotor Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generators (PMSGs) that are a key component of wind turbines. By developing the analytical model, sensitivity analysis has been performed to determine the effect of some important geometrical and electromagnetic parameters on the generator's output characteristics. The GA optimization algorithm was used to find optimized designs in terms of efficiency, weight, cost, and temperature rise. In order to find the global optimization solution within the allowed variable range and in accordance with the constraints, a combined objective function has also been defined. In order to validate the analytical model, ANSYS electromagnetic and thermal simulations have been used. With this approach, the designer is provided with a good understanding of the input parameters and constraints in light of the application requirements.
Deception mechanisms of FDA‒AWACS against passive monopulse angle measurements
Authors: Wang Bo , Wang Gang , Li Yonglin , Yang Rennong , Zhao Yu
Published: September 2024

Airborne warning and control systems (AWACS) serve as critical command and control centres in air combat operations, making them prime targets for strategic attacks. These enemy attacks typically rely on the accurate determination of AWACS combat positions using different direction‐finding devices. In particular, passive monopulse angle measurement systems locate AWACS by measuring the angles of signals emitted by AWACS radiation sources, thus rendering them vulnerable to attacks. Given the criticality of the airborne radars of AWACS in battle command and control operations, they must function continuously to monitor air and sea targets. Hence, AWACS cannot effectively evade electronic reconnaissance systems through tactics such as radar shutdown. To explore alternative measures, the authors investigate the deception mechanisms of an integrated frequency diverse array AWACS (FDA‒AWACS) against passive monopulse angle measurements. Using an established FDA signal model, the principles underlying two common monopulse angle measurement methods are first outlined. Subsequently, the angle estimation formulae typically used by these monopulse angle measurement systems to interpret received FDA radiation signals are derived. Additionally, the transmit beampatterns, amplitude patterns, and angle measurement deception capabilities of several typical FDAs are examined. Simulation results indicate that the FDA‒AWACS can theoretically deceive passive monopulse angle measurement systems to a certain extent. However, one‐dimensional uniform linear FDAs and other arrays using sinusoidal frequency offsets exhibit limited deception abilities. In contrast, arrays utilising cubic and quartic frequency offset achieve angle measurement errors exceeding 2° in far‐field scenarios.
Observation of e+e− → χc1 at BESIII
Authors: Brueggemann Anja
Published: September 2024

In electron-positron annihilations, the process of e+e− → χc1 can occur via the production of two virtual photons or through neutral current, therefore being suppressed with respect to the normal annihilation process via one virtual photon. Using a dedicated scan sample around the χc1 mass, the direct production of χc1 has been established for the first time in experiments. This provides a new approach for the study of the internal nature of hadrons.
Global extraction of proton and pion Transverse Momentum Distributions
Authors: Rossi Lorenzo
Published: September 2024

We present the most recent global analysis of unpolarized proton Transverse Momentum Dependent Parton Distribution Functions (TMD PDFs) and Fragmentation Functions (TMD FFs) derived from a diverse set of experimental datasets, including Semi-Inclusive Deep-Inelastic Scattering, Drell-Yan, and Z-boson production. Additionally, we present an extraction of the unpolarized pion TMD PDFs from all available data of unpolarized pion induced Drell–Yan processes. Both fits are performed at next-to-next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic (N3LL) accuracy.
Typ-I-Allergien ganzheitlich behandeln
Authors: Hinteregger-Männel Jessica
Published: September 2024

Immer mehr Menschen leiden an Allergien. Neben genetischen Faktoren spielen
Umwelteinflüsse und das Darmmikrobiom, aber auch das vegetative Nervensystem eine
entscheidende Rolle bei der Entwicklung von Allergien. Neben einer mikrobiologischen
Therapie und einer Ernährungsumstellung kann auch die Osteopathie eingesetzt werden.
Eine osteopathische Behandlung unterstützt die Selbstregulation und hat einen
vielfältigen Einfluss auf das vegetative Nervensystem und Autoregulationsprozesse,
die bei allergischen Erkrankungen gestört sind.
Evaluation of Lysosphingolipid Analysis for the Diagnosis of
Lysosomal Storage Disease
Authors: Civelek-Ürey Burcu , Kasapkara Cigdem Seher , Biberoğlu Gürsel , Öktem Rıdvan Murat , Gunduz Mehmet , Kıreker-Köylü Oya , Yürek Burak , Bilginer Gürbüz Berrak , Tumer Leyla
Published: September 2024

Lysosomal storage disorders (LSD) are a group of inherited inborn metabolism
errors that are characterized by a deficiency in the lysosomal enzyme. In
patients with suspected lipid storage disorders, confirmation of the diagnosis
relies predominantly on the measurement of specific enzymatic activities and
molecular genetic studies. New approaches to the measurement of
lysosphingolipids have been developed that may serve as a rapid first-tier
screening tests for the evaluation of lysosomal storage disorders. The present
study evaluates the results of lysosphingolipid screening tests in patients with
suspected lysosomal storage diseases. Lysosphingolipid elevation was detected in
five patients examined with suspected lysosomal storage disease, and a
definitive diagnosis was reached based on genetic analysis. Our data support
recent evidence of the primary role of LysoSLs in the diagnosis of
sphingolipidosis, and suggest that these biomarkers may be used for diagnosis
and treatment monitoring in the future.
Die Kosten der Lipödem-Behandlung übersteigen den DRG-Erlös –
Evaluation der operativen Behandlungskosten des Lipödems (Stadium III) an einer
deutschen Universitätsklinik
Authors: Moog Philipp , Gawlik Edith , Eisenreich Stefan , Schoeffski Oliver , Machens Hans-Günther , Jiang Jun , Kükrek Haydar
Published: September 2024

Hintergrund Die Liposuktion des Lipödems Stadium III ist eine
leitliniengerechte Behandlung, welche seit dem Beschluss des Gemeinsamen
Bundesausschusses 09/2019 (G-BA) unter bestimmten Bedingungen zu Lasten der
gesetzlichen Krankenkasse (GKV) durchgeführt werden kann. Wir vertreten die
These, dass die Behandlung im universitären Kostensystem nicht kostendeckend
abgebildet wird.

Material und Methoden In dieser monozentrischen, retrospektiven Studie
konnten die ökonomischen Aspekte von 92 Fällen bei 48 Lipödem-Patientinnen, die
im Zeitraum vom 09/2019–08/2023 zu Lasten der GKV stationär behandelt wurden,
untersucht werden. Diese Fälle wurden anhand der DRG-Kodierung und des
Operationen- und Prozedurenschlüssels (OPS) herausgefiltert und die Kosten und
Erlöse pro Patienten anhand der Daten unserer Innerbetrieblichen
Leistungsverrechnung (IBVL) berechnet.

Ergebnisse Es zeigte sich nach einem stationären Aufenthalt von 2,64±1,33
Tagen ein Gesamt-Erlös von 4.726,79±680,98 €. Hiervon mussten klinikintern
1.532,92±856,99 € stationäre Kosten, 2.686,02±1.174,70 € OP-Verrechnungskosten,
940,76±189,18 € Anästhesie Kosten sowie 63,19±125,38 € übrige Kosten bezahlt
werden. Im Mittelwert aller Behandlungen ergab das einen Verlust von
875,22 €/Fall. In 54 Fällen (59%) überstiegen die Kosten den Erlös. Insgesamt
ergab die Kalkulation aller Fälle einen Verlust von 80.520,63 €. Unter
Einbeziehung der ärztlichen Personalkosten steigt dieser Betrag auf über
100.000 €.

Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die operative Behandlung des
Lipödems im deutschen DRG- und im universitären Kostensystem nicht kostendeckend
ist, was für die abschließende wirtschaftliche Bewertung des G-BA und die
Anpassung des DRG-Entgeltes relevant sein kann.
Dysphagia with recurrent severe aspiration due to cervical diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (Forestier’s disease)
Authors: Shahvaran Seyed Alireza , Kliment Martin , Prax Stefan , Paul Tobias , Heese Oliver , Schmitz Daniel
Published: September 2024

Dysphagia is a common symptom in patients presenting to the gastroenterologist. However, extraluminal causes of dysphagia may be missed by endoluminal diagnosis alone. This case report presents a 72-year-old man with slowly progressive dysphagia that occurred with the ingestion of certain solid foods and was intermittently associated with severe aspiration. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy and barium swallow study were both normal. However, a conventional x-ray and computed tomography (CT) scan of the neck revealed diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (Forestier's disease) of the anterior cervical spine (C2–C7). Fiber endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) revealed functionally incomplete emptying of the oral cavity during swallowing, and the patient reported dysphagia score (EAT-10) was 23 (normal < 3). Surgical removal of the hyperostosis (C3–C6) resulted in immediate and sustained improvement in dysphagia at 3 months.
Kritischer Verschlussdruck (Pcrit) und negativer (subatmosphärischer) exspiratorischer Druck (NEP) zur Diagnostik der pharyngealen Kollapsibilität bei Patienten mit obstruktiver Schlafapnoe (OSA)
Authors: Degerli Mikail Aykut , Hildebrandt Olaf , Koehler Ulrich , Viniol Christian , Garben Klara Mia , Koehler Niklas , Stenger Manuel , Sambale Janine , Korbmacher-Steiner Heike , Kesper Karl
Published: September 2024

Die Bestimmung des kritischen Verschlussdrucks (Pcrit) ist der diagnostische Goldstandard hinsichtlich der Beurteilung des Schweregrads der pharyngealen Instabilität. Pcrit-Messungen werden im Regelfall im natürlichen Nachtschlaf (NREM Stadium 2) in Kombination mit der Polysomnografie durchgeführt. Die Bestimmung von Pcrit im Schlaf ist jedoch zeitintensiv und in der Routine kaum umsetzbar. Alternativ können Pcrit-Messungen auch im medikamenteninduzierten Schlaf durchgeführt werden. Nachteilig sind die unterschiedlichen Propofoldosen, die zum Induzieren des Schlafes benötigt werden und den Muskeltonus unterschiedlich beeinflussen. Alternativ zu diesen Methoden hat sich die Applikation von Negativdruck im Wachen (NEP-Test) bewährt. Bei diesem Test wird dem Patienten via Maske ein subatmosphärischer Druck von –5 oder –10 cmH2O mit Beginn der Exspiration appliziert und die Veränderung des exspiratorischen Atemflusses im Pharynx gemessen. Der NEP-Test kann sowohl im Sitzen als auch im Liegen durchgeführt werden. Nach aktuellem Wissensstand scheint der NEP-Test ein dem kritischen Verschlussdruck Pcrit durchaus vergleichbares diagnostisches Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Kollapsibilität des oberen Atemwegs.
WHO-Leitlinie zur nicht-operativen Behandlung chronisch
unspezifischer Kreuzschmerzen bei Erwachsenen in der
Primärversorgung
Authors: Moser Isabel , Sommer Isolde , Gartlehner Gerald
Published: September 2024

Hintergrund Bei Kreuzschmerzen handelt es sich um ein sehr häufiges
Krankheitsbild, von dem die meisten Menschen im Laufe ihres Lebens betroffen
sind. Kreuzschmerzen führen zu einer zunehmenden gesundheitlichen Belastung und
wirtschaftlichen Kosten, sowie einer reduzierten Teilhabe.

Zielsetzung Das Ziel der Leitlinie war es zur Verbesserung der
Auswirkungen von Kreuzschmerzen bei Erwachsenen beizutragen sowie den WHO-Ansatz
zur integrierten Versorgung älterer Menschen in der Primärversorgung zu
unterstützen.

Methodik Im Dezember 2023 wurde von der Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO)
die Leitlinie „WHO guideline for non-surgical management of chronic primary low
back pain in adults in primary and community care settings“ veröffentlicht. Die
Leitlinie wurde gemäß dem im WHO-Handbuch zur Entwicklung von Leitlinien
beschriebenen Prozess entwickelt. Das Team des WHO Collaborating Centers für
Evidenzbasierte Medizin an der Universität für Weiterbildung Krems (Österreich)
übersetzte die Zusammenfassung dieser Leitlinie für den Einsatz im
deutschsprachigen Raum.

Ergebnisse/Schlussfolgerungen Die Leitlinie berücksichtigt 37
Interventionen zur Versorgung von chronisch unspezifischen Kreuzschmerzen in der
Primärversorgung und gibt 24 Empfehlungen und ein „Good Practice Statement“ ab.
Für zwölf Interventionen konnten aufgrund von Uneindeutigkeit oder fehlender
Evidenz keine Empfehlungen abgegeben werden. Die empfohlenen Interventionen
sollen als Reihe von Möglichkeiten dienen, um Erwachsene mit chronisch
unspezifischen Kreuzschmerzen zu unterstützen und individuell zu betreuen.
Mirikizumab for the treatment of chronic antibiotic-refractory pouchitis
Authors: Reiner Johannes , Becker Anne-Sophie , Huth Astrid , Lamprecht Georg , Witte Maria
Published: September 2024

The current standard of care for the definitive surgical treatment of complicative ulcerative colitis is a continence-preserving proctocolectomy with the creation of an ileal pouch anal anastomosis. In addition to structural and functional disorders, pouchitis of the J-pouch is a common phenomenon, typically well responsive to antimicrobial therapy. However, sometimes chronic antibiotic-refractory pouchitis occurs, most often due to not completely understood multifactorial pathomechanisms. While high-quality evidence is available only for anti-integrin therapy, the role of advanced therapy, i.e., cytokine-antibodies or small molecules in the treatment of chronic antibiotic-refractory pouchitis (CARP), is emerging.

This case demonstrates a successful induction treatment of CARP with the novel p19-selective IL-23-targeted antibody mirikizumab.
Basic Requirements and Framework Conditions of Real-World Data (RWD) on Herbal Medicinal Products
Authors: Hölzle Salome Sophie , Reineke Thorsten , Hoch Stefan , Roether Bernd , Francis Matthew , Anquez-Traxler Christelle , Symma Nico
Published: September 2024

Real-world data (RWD) is becoming increasingly relevant for evaluating safety and effectiveness of medicinal products, including non-prescription medicines and herbal medicinal products in particular. In order to use real-world data for regulatory decision-making in the field of herbal medicinal products, it is crucial to have an accurate description the herbal substances and preparations, as herbal medicinal products, in contrast to chemically defined medicinal products, contain a complex mixture of natural compounds. However, it remains challenging to get standardised information on herbal products from current literature. This publication gives a brief overview of necessary information of herbal medicinal products in scientific literature and data sources to ensure high-quality real-world data.
Forensic Obstetrics and Clinical Risk Factors
Authors: Habek Dubravko , Petrovečki Vedrana , Cerovac Anis , Orešković Nika
Published: September 2024

Forensic obstetrics attracts much attention from forensic experts and the public
owing to the professional, legal, public health, and not inconsiderable
social-emotional aspects and directly correlates with maternal, fetoneonatal,
and iatrogenic risk factors. Modern obstetrics and fetomaternal medicine must
not be quantified and qualified based only on perinatal disease but also
according to current obstetric problems that burden forensic obstetrics.
Therefore, high-risk obstetrics as a significant medico-legal problem should be
viewed from the point of view of the entire perinatal period with possible
long-term consequences, hence the monitoring of complete perinatal and infant
morbidity is of immediate importance for quality control and risk control in the
profession. The task of forensic obstetrics is to assess the impact of risk
factors on the occurrence of an adverse event and to assess whether it is an
obstetric complication or obstetric malpractice. Acknowledging the mentioned
facts is the only way we will develop high obstetric awareness, and we and
pregnant women, birth attendants, midwives and patients, fetuses, and newborns
will have professional safety with imminent but controlled obstetric risk and
controlled expected complications. On the other hand, the fact that the
statistics of perinatal (obstetrical) malpractice globally is not abating
requires a change in obstetrical philosophy, especially the unreasonable
epidemic increase of cesarean sections with a significant percentage of cesarean
sections without medical indication and complications. It is necessary to
introduce and maintain solid professionalism and bioethical norms in obstetrics
with constant training of skills, which is emphasized by numerous authors and
with which we fully agree. Forensic obstetrics is based on the principles of
good clinical practice, professional guidelines of modern obstetrics, and
ethical and deontological principles. It clearly shows the perfection and
imperfection of biological systems that we can and cannot influence. However, we
must act according to the rules of the clinical profession, deontological rules,
and health laws to reduce clinical risk to the smallest possible extent.
Attention should certainly be focused on reducing the disproportion between
iatrogenic and maternal-fetoneonatal risk factors, which is the most common
reason for litigation today.
Antibiotic prophylaxis in digestive endoscopy: Guidelines from the French Society of Digestive Endoscopy
Authors: Karsenti David , Gincul Rodica , Belle Arthur , Vienne Ariane , Weiss Emmanuel , Vanbiervliet Geoffroy , Gronier Olivier
Published: September 2024

Digestive endoscopy is a highly dynamic medical discipline, with the recent adoption of new endoscopic procedures. However, comprehensive guidelines on the role of antibiotic prophylaxis in these new procedures have been lacking for many years. The Guidelines Commission of the French Society of Digestive Endoscopy (SFED) convened in 2023 to establish guidelines on antibiotic prophylaxis in digestive endoscopy for all digestive endoscopic procedures, based on literature data up to September 1, 2023. This article summarizes these new guidelines and describes the literature review that fed into them.
C–H Activation: A Versatile Tool for the Synthesis of Niclosamide and Its Derivatives
Authors: Reddy B. V. Subba , Gundamalla Rachel , Bantu Rajashaker , Sridhar B.
Published: September 2024

A novel strategy has been developed for the direct and regioselective ortho-acetoxylation of N-(2-benzoylphenyl)benzamides through C–H activation using a catalytic amount of Pd(OAc)2 (5 mol%) and a stoichiometric amount of PhI(OAc)2 in a mixture of acetic anhydride and acetic acid. By using this protocol, a new series of niclosamide derivatives was produced in good yields. This is the first report on the synthesis of niclosamide and its derivatives by means of C–H functionalization. This newly developed method offers several advantages such as high regioselectivity, operational simplicity, and good to excellent yields. It provides a short three-step process for the synthesis of niclosamide involving acid–amine coupling, ortho-acetoxylation through C–H activation, and deacylation.
A Urease-Catalyzed Three-Component Reaction for the Efficient and Sustainable Synthesis of Highly Substituted 4H-Pyrans in Water as the Solvent
Authors: Beifuss Uwe , Saleh Mahmoud Abo El Makarim , Conrad Jürgen , Frey Wolfgang
Published: September 2024

An efficient urease-catalyzed approach for the synthesis of highly substituted 6-amino-4H-pyran-3-carbonitriles based on the formation of three bonds in one step is developed. This unprecedented three-component reaction between one molecule of an aromatic aldehyde and two molecules of an aroylacetonitrile proceeds by employing commercially available urease from jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis) as the catalyst in water at 65 °C to deliver the desired 4H-pyrans in yields of up to 92%. The transformation is proposed to occur via a domino Knoevenagel condensation/1,4-addition/O-cyclization/tautomerization sequence, providing a practical and sustainable approach to 6-amino-4H-pyran-3-carbonitriles from commercially available substrates. Full and unambiguous structural elucidation of all the products is achieved by means of NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystal structure analysis.
1,5-Diaza-3,7-diphosphacyclooctanes (P2N2): An Underappreciated Ligand Class for Nickel- and Palladium-Catalyzed Heck-Type Cross-Couplings
Authors: Newman Stephen G. , Isbrandt Eric S.
Published: September 2024

1,5-Diaza-3,7-diphosphacyclooctane (P2N2) scaffolds represent a readily accessible, tunable ligand class for transition metals. However, despite their prevalence in areas such as electrocatalysis and coordination chemistry, P2N2 ligands have been rarely used to make catalysts for organic synthesis. Research into Mizoroki–Heck-type aldehyde, alcohol, and alkene arylation reactions has revealed that the P2N2 family outperforms many commonly used phosphines. This Synpacts article summarizes our work and provides a broad overview on the preparation and application of P2N2 ligands in organic synthesis. It also serves to highlight how a simple, modular class of ligands can solve contemporary challenges with transition-metal catalysis, including novel reactivity and exceptional regioselectivity.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Barriers toward Smoking Cessation Counseling: A Cross-Sectional Study among Clinical Dental Students in Indonesia
Authors: Yulianti Yanti , Soegyanto Anandina Irmagita , Wardhany Indriasti Indah , Rahmayanti Febrina , Subarnbhesaj Ajiravudh , Wimardhani Yuniardini Septorini
Published: September 2024

Objectives The World Health Organization has promoted the integration of smoking cessation programs into normal dental treatment since they have significant positive effects on oral health. However, there are stillmany barriers including a lack of knowledge about the smoking cessation counseling (SCC). The high incidence of smoking is an important health challenge in Indonesia. This study determined the relationships between sociodemographic factors and knowledge about the effects of smoking on oral health, as well as knowledge of, attitudes about, and barriers to SCC among clinical dental students in Indonesia.

Materials and Methods This was a cross-sectional study utilizing a questionnaire involving clinical dental students throughout Indonesia. Clinical dental students from 32 dental schools in Indonesia were invited to participate in the study. Twenty-seven dental schools agreed to participate in the study and the estimated sample size was 416 participants. The questionnaire included sociodemographic data, smoking status, knowledge about the effects of smoking on oral health, and knowledge of, attitudes about, and barriers to SCC.

Statistical Analysis Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to determine differences in knowledge about the effects of smoking on oral health and the knowledge of, attitudes about, and barriers to SCC among clinical dental students' sociodemographic factors and smoking status. The Spearman's correlation analysis was used to determine the correlation between knowledge of, attitudes about, and barriers to SCC.

Results A total of 614 students participated in the study. Significant differences were found in students' knowledge regarding the effects of smoking based on smoking status, SCC based on educational stages, attitudes based on sex and smoking status, and barriers based on sex (p < 0.05). Significant relationships were found between students' knowledge of the effects of smoking and of SCC (r = 0.226), knowledge of the effects of smoking and attitudes about SCC (r = 0.110), knowledge of and attitudes about SCC (r = 0.162), knowledge of and barriers to SCC (r = –0.17), as well as attitudes about and barriers to SCC (i = –0.224).

Conclusion Clinical dental students' knowledge regarding SCC are lacking, but they have positive attitude regarding SCC. It is necessary to improve education quality in every dental educational institution related to SCC.
Retrospective Outcome Analysis of Geriatric Traumatic Brain Injury Treated at a Tertiary Care Center in India
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Jaiswal Somil , Ojha B.K. , Chandra Anil , Srivastava Chhitij , Bajaj Ankur , Yadav Awdhesh
Published: September 2024

Background Trauma is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in elderly patients and its management is challenging. Outcome assessment in these patients is difficult because of preexisting chronic medical conditions as it may be impossible to isolate the effect of traumatic brain injury. This study aimed to examine the clinical outcomes and epidemiological and clinicoradiological characteristics of geriatric traumatic brain injury patients at a tertiary care center.

Methods The clinical records of patients aged ≥60 years with head injuries treated at King George's Medical University between 2016 and 2020 were included in the study. Patients were followed up in the outpatient department or through telephone consultation. The follow-up period was updated using the Glasgow outcome score (GOS) of patients for current neurological status and relevant radiological investigations.

Results The mean age of subjects was 66.16 ± 6.55 years. Road traffic accidents were the most frequent cause of brain injuries (448 [68.5%]). In total, 41% of the study patients had severe head injuries (Glasgow coma scale, GCS < 9) at admission. The in-hospital mortality was 25.2%. In total, 60.7% of discharged patients showed favorable outcomes (GOS: 4 or 5). GCS at admission, best motor response, and associated comorbidity (diabetes mellitus) significantly predicted the outcome at 6 months. The majority of the patients (82.6 %) were 60 to 70 years of age.

Conclusion Road traffic accidents are the most frequent cause of brain injuries in geriatrics. Most of them were managed medically, and majority were discharged (74.8%). Out of those discharged, 39.3% had unfavorable outcomes.
Analysis of Influencing Risk Factors of Nonsyndromic Unilateral Cleft Lip in South Sulawesi
Authors: Tajrin Andi , Rusdin M. Hidayat Sakti , Nurwahida Nurwahida , Fauzi Abul , Rasul Muhammad Irfan , Muharram R. Aries
Published: September 2024

Objective This study is to determine the most dominant risk factors for the potential occurrence of nonsyndromic unilateral cleft lip in South Sulawesi, Indonesia.

Materials and Methods This is a retrospective study of several hospitals in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. An analysis was performed on the medical records of patients with nonsyndromic unilateral clefts. In the period from January 2018 to December 2022, risk factors include gender, parental education, family history of cleft lip and palate, maternal history of smoking or exposure to secondhand smoke, and consumption of drugs and alcohol during gestational age. The size of the sample is determined using the cluster sampling technique. Statistics uses chi-square test analysis and logistic regression for nominal variables. It uses SPSS Statistics version 25, with a value of p < 0.05.

Results The highest risk factor was found in patients with parents with a history of alcohol consumption during pregnancy and in patients with family history of cleft lip and palate, history of smoking or exposure to cigarette smoke, history of drug consumption, and gender. In comparison, parents' education level does not have a significant influence.

Conclusion History of alcohol consumption during pregnancy, family history of cleft lip and palate, history of smoking or exposure to cigarette smoke, history of drug consumption, and gender are considered risk factors for nonsyndromic unilateral cleft lip in South Sulawesi, Indonesia.
Homeopathy, Acupuncture and Phytotherapy in the Veterinary Treatment or Prophylaxis of Diseases in Animals: An Overview of Systematic Reviews
Authors: Matta Edna Cristiane da , Takeda Maristela , Salles Scortegagna de Medeiros Nathalia , Hosomi Jorge Kioshi , Bonamin Leoni Villano
Published: September 2024

Introduction Complementary and alternative veterinary medicine (CAVM) has been intensively used, and there is currently an increasing demand for a more rigorous approach regarding its clinical effectiveness.

Aims The objectives of this overview were: first, to identify systematic reviews on homeopathy, acupuncture and phytotherapy in veterinary medicine and assess their methodological quality; and second, to map interventions and findings in the treatment or prophylaxis of any medical conditions in any animal species for which high-quality systematic reviews had identified reliable evidence of efficacy or effectiveness in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or controlled clinical trials (CCTs).

Method The study was an overview of systematic reviews published in the years 2000 to 2022 inclusive. The following databases were used: CAB Abstracts, PubMed and Vet Index, from which the abstracts of 173 articles were extracted, 22 of which were initially included for complete analysis. After excluding 15 studies according to the exclusion/inclusion criteria, 7 review papers were comprehensively analyzed. The review quality was assessed by the Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR 2) method. The reported RCTs/CCTs in these reviews were analyzed for their reliability, and the results were classified according to statistical significance and risk of bias.

Results Seven eligible systematic reviews reported studies on dogs, horses, cats, cattle, sheep, goats, swine, rabbits and poultry. The number of primary RCTs/CCTs was 38 for homeopathy, 35 for acupuncture, and 171 for phytotherapy. The AMSTAR 2 evaluation ranked two reviews of veterinary homeopathy as high-quality, in which two placebo-controlled RCTs comprised reliable evidence, one of which reported efficacy of homeopathy as prophylaxis for diarrhea in pigs. The systematic reviews of acupuncture and phytotherapy were all of low quality, preventing formal assessment of their reviewed RCTs/CCTs.

Conclusion Only the systematic reviews of homeopathy were rated of sufficient quality to enable the assessment of reliable evidence within their reviewed RCTs. Contemporary high-quality systematic reviews of clinical trials in each of the three areas of CAVM are required.