bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Glycogen accumulation, central carbon metabolism, and aging of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells
Authors: Poisa-Beiro Laura , Thoma Judith , Landry Jonathan , Sauer Sven , Yamamoto Akihisa , Eckstein Volker , Romanov Natalie , Raffel Simon , Hoffmann Georg F. , Bork Peer , Benes Vladimir , Gavin Anne-Claude , Tanaka Motomu , Ho Anthony D.
Published: July 2020

Inspired by recent proteomic data demonstrating the upregulation of carbon and glycogen metabolism in aging human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HPCs, CD34+ cells), this report addresses whether this is caused by elevated glycolysis of the HPCs on a per cell basis, or by a subpopulation that has become more glycolytic. The average glycogen content in individual CD34+ cells from older subjects (> 50 years) was 3.5 times higher and more heterogeneous compared to younger subjects (< 35 years). Representative glycolytic enzyme activities in HPCs confirmed a significant increase in glycolysis in older subjects. The HPCs from older subjects can be fractionated into three distinct subsets with high, intermediate, and low glucose uptake (GU) capacity, while the subset with a high GU capacity could scarcely be detected in younger subjects. Thus, we conclude that upregulated glycolysis in aging HPCs is caused by the expansion of a more glycolytic HPC subset. Since single-cell RNA analysis has also demonstrated that this subpopulation is linked to myeloid differentiation and increased proliferation, isolation and mechanistic characterization of this subpopulation can be utilized to elucidate specific targets for therapeutic interventions to restore the lineage balance of aging HPCs.
Combined use of GM2AP and TCP1-eta urinary levels predicts recovery from intrinsic acute kidney injury
Authors: Blanco-Gozalo Víctor , Casanova Alfredo G. , Sancho-Martínez Sandra M. , Prieto Marta , Quiros Yaremi , Morales Ana I. , Martínez-Salgado Carlos , Agüeros-Blanco Consuelo , Benito-Hernández Adalberto , Ramos-Barron María A. , Gómez-Alamillo Carlos , Arias Manuel , López-Hernández Francisco J.
Published: July 2020

Deficient recovery from acute kidney injury (AKI) has immediate and long-term health, clinical and economic consequences. Pre-emptive recovery estimation may improve nephrology referral, optimize decision making, enrollment in trials, and provide key information for subsequent clinical handling and follow-up. For this purpose, new biomarkers are needed that predict outcome during the AKI episode. We hypothesized that damage pattern-specific biomarkers are expected to more closely associate to outcome within distinct subpopulations (i.e. those affected by specific pathological processes determining a specific outcome), as biomarker pleiotropy (i.e. associated to phenomena unrelated to AKI) introduced by unselected, heterogeneous populations may blur statistics. A panel of urinary biomarkers was measured in patients with AKI and their capacity to associate to normal or abnormal recovery was studied in the whole cohort or after sub-classification by AKI etiology, namely pre-renal and intrinsic AKI. A combination of urinary GM2AP and TCP1-eta best associates with recovery from AKI, specifically within the sub-population of renal AKI patients. This two-step strategy generates a multidimensional space in which patients with specific characteristics (i.e. renal AKI patients with good or bad prognosis) can be identified based on a collection of biomarkers working serially, applying pathophysiology-driven criteria to estimate AKI recovery, to facilitate pre-emptive and personalized handling.
Simultaneous wide-field imaging of phase and magnitude of AC magnetic signal using diamond quantum magnetometry
Authors: Mizuno Kosuke , Ishiwata Hitoshi , Masuyama Yuta , Iwasaki Takayuki , Hatano Mutsuko
Published: July 2020

Spectroscopic analysis of AC magnetic signal using diamond quantum magnetometry is a promising technique for inductive imaging. Conventional dynamic decoupling like XY8 provides a high sensitivity of an oscillating magnetic signal with intricate dependence on magnitude and phase, complicating high throughput detection of each parameter. In this study, a simple measurement scheme for independent and simultaneous detection of magnitude and phase is demonstrated by a sequential measurement protocol. Wide-field imaging experiment was performed for an oscillating magnetic field with approximately $$100\,\upmu \hbox {m}$$100μm-squared observation area. Single pixel phase precision was $$2.1^{\circ }$$2.1∘ for $$0.76\,\upmu \hbox {T}$$0.76μT AC magnetic signal. Our method enables potential applications including inductive inspection and impedance imaging.
Uranium-free X solution: a new generation contrast agent for biological samples ultrastructure
Authors: Moscardini Aldo , Di Pietro Sebastiano , Signore Giovanni , Parlanti Paola , Santi Melissa , Gemmi Mauro , Cappello Valentina
Published: July 2020

Biological samples are mainly composed of elements with a low atomic number which show a relatively low electron scattering power. For Transmission Electron Microscopy analysis, biological samples are generally embedded in resins, which allow thin sectioning of the specimen. Embedding resins are also composed by light atoms, thus the contrast difference between the biological sample and the surrounding resin is minimal. Due to that reason in the last decades, several staining solutions and approaches, performed with heavy metal salts, have been developed with the purpose of enhancing both the intrinsic sample contrast and the differences between the sample and resin. The best staining was achieved with the uranyl acetate (UA) solution, which has been the election method for the study of morphology in biological samples. More recently several alternatives for UA have been proposed to get rid of its radiogenic issues, but to date none of these solutions has achieved efficiencies comparable to UA. In this work, we propose a different staining solution (X Solution or X SOL), characterized by lanthanide polyoxometalates (LnPOMs) as heavy atoms source, which could be used alternatively to UA in negative staining (NS), in en bloc staining, and post sectioning staining (PSS) of biological samples. Furthermore, we show an extensive chemical characterization of the LnPOM species present in the solution and the detailed work for its final formulation, which brought remarkable results, and even better performances than UA.
Clinical significance of miR-1180-3p in hepatocellular carcinoma: a study based on bioinformatics analysis and RT-qPCR validation
Authors: Zhou Zihan , Zhou Xianguo , Jiang Yanji , Qiu Moqin , Liang Xiumei , Lin Qiuling , Guo Qian , Nong Cunli , Huo Rongrui , Chen Qian , Liu Haizhou , Liu Yingchun , Zhu Shaoliang , Wang Mengyun , Yu Hongping
Published: July 2020

miRNAs play an indispensable role in human carcinogenesis. Dysregulated miR-1180-3p has been observed in several types of cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study intends to correlate the expression level of miR-1180-3p with clinical features and overall survival in HCC patients. The expression and clinical significance of miR-1180-3p, selected from GEO and TCGA databases, were verified using an RT-qPCR method. The target genes of miR-1180-3p were obtained using 3 miRNA target gene prediction databases, and their functions were analyzed using the online tool WebGestalt. miR-1180-3p expression was significantly upregulated in 88 HCC tissues compared with non-tumor liver tissues (0.004 ± 0.009 vs. 0.002 ± 0.002, t = − 2.099, P = 0.038). Additionally, we found that the expression levels of miR-1180-3p were significantly correlated with tumor number (χ2 = 9.157, P = 0.006) and MVI (χ2 = 11.354, P = 0.003). Based on Kaplan–Meier analysis, patients with high miR-1180 expression had a shorter overall survival than those with low miR-1180-3p expression (P = 0.002). Furthermore, multivariate Cox analyses indicated that miR-1180-3p expression was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (HR = 13.36, 95% CI 1.16, 153.69, P = 0.038). In addition, a total of 733 target genes of miR-1180-3p were found from three prediction databases. The GO analyses demonstrated that the target genes were closely related to the proliferation and malignancy of tumors. The KEGG analysis showed that target genes were enriched in several key cancer-related signaling pathways, including the Pathways in cancer, the Ras signaling pathway, and the MAPK signaling pathway. In conclusion, we demonstrate that miR-1180-3p is upregulated in HCC and is associated with a poor prognosis. Thus, miR-1180-3p might be useful as a prognostic marker for HCC.
Biomass addition alters community assembly in ultrafiltration membrane biofilms
Authors: Silva Marisa O. D. , Pernthaler Jakob
Published: July 2020

Freshwater biofilms assemble from a pool of rare water column genotypes. Random density fluctuations and temporal species turnover of functionally equivalent potential colonizers result in compositional variability of newly formed biofilm communities. We hypothesized that stronger environmental filtering as induced by enhanced substrate levels might reduce the impact of a locally variable pool of colonizers and instead select for more universal habitat specialists. Our model were heterotrophic biofilms that form on membranes during gravity-driven ultrafiltration of lake water. In four separate experiments, biomass of the cyanobacterium Microcystis was added to the feed water of one set of treatments (BM) and the resulting biofilm communities were compared to unamended controls (CTRL). Biomass addition led to a significant shift of community assembly processes: Replicate BM biofilms were more similar to each other than by chance in 3 of 4 experiments, whereas the opposite was the case for CTRL communities. Moreover, BM communities were more stochastically assembled across experiments from a common ‘regional’ pool of biofilm colonizers, whereas the composition of CTRL communities was mainly determined by experiment-specific ‘local’ genotypes. Interestingly, community assembly processes were also related to both, physiology (aerobic vs. anaerobic lifestyle) and the phylogenetic affiliation of biofilm bacteria.
Standardization procedure for flow cytometry data harmonization in prospective multicenter studies
Authors: Le Lann Lucas , Jouve Pierre-Emmanuel , Alarcón-Riquelme Marta , Jamin Christophe , Pers Jacques-Olivier ,   PRECISESADS Flow Cytometry Study Group, Alvarez Montserrat , Alvarez-Errico Damiana , Azevedo Nancy , Barbarroja Nuria , Buttgereit Anne , Cheng Qingyu , Chizzolini Carlo , Cremer Jonathan , De Groof Aurélie , De Langhe Ellen , Ducreux Julie , Dufour Aleksandra , Gerl Velia , Hernandez-Fuentes Maria , Khodadadi Laleh , Kniesch Katja , Li Tianlu , Lopez-Pedrera Chary , Makowska Zuzanna , Marañón Concepción , Muchmore Brian , Neves Esmeralda , Rouvière Bénédicte , Simon Quentin , Trombetta Elena , Varela Nieves , Witte Torsten ,   PRECISESADS Clinical Consortium, Aguilar-Quesada Rocío , Aguirre-Zamorano Maria Angeles , Almeida Isabel , Baerlecken Niklas , Balog Attila , Belz Doreen , Beretta Lorenzo , Alonso Ricardo Blanco , Bocskai Márta , Brandão Mariana , Rubio José Luis Callejas , Campar Ana , Castro-Villegas Maria-Carmen , Cervera Ricardo , Collantes Eduardo , Cornec Divi , Martínez Alfonso Corrales , Deák Magdolna , Devauchelle-Pensec Valérie , Dulic Sonja , Escudero-Contreras Alejandro , Espinosa Gerard , Faria Raquel , Farinha Fátima , Roldán María Concepción Fernández , Anjos Tania Gomes , González-Gay Miguel A. , Hiepe Falk , Hunzelmann Nicolas , Jousse-Joulin Sandrine , Kádár Gabriella , Kovács Laszló , Lauwerys Bernard , Lehner Michaela , López-Berrio Antonio , Lories Rik , Marinho António , Marovac Jacqueline , Meroni Pier Luigi , Miranda Blanca , Moleón Immaculada Jiménez , Navarro-Linares Héctor , Ortega-Castro Rafaela , Ortego Norberto , Garrido Enrique Ramón , Raya Enrique , Fernández Raquel Ríos , Rodríguez-Pintó Ignasi , Saraux Alain , Stummvoll Georg , Vasconcelos Carlos , Zauner Michael
Published: July 2020

One of the most challenging objective for clinical cytometry in prospective multicenter immunomonitoring trials is to compare frequencies, absolute numbers of leukocyte populations and further the mean fluorescence intensities of cell markers, especially when the data are generated from different instruments. Here, we describe an innovative standardization workflow to compare all data to carry out any large-scale, prospective multicentric flow cytometry analysis whatever the duration, the number or type of instruments required for the realization of such projects.
A modification of a traditional Ethiopian maize store for solar powered ambient drying to reduce post-harvest losses
Authors: Román Franz , Garbaba Chemeda Abedeta , Schellert Christian , Hensel Oliver
Published: July 2020

A gombisa is a traditional Ethiopian structure widely used for maize storage over several months. It lacks adequate ventilation for timely moisture removal, which promotes mold development and aflatoxin production. In this study, a traditional gombisa was compared to one modified by installing a solar powered fan to provide forced ambient air ventilation during daytime. Approximately 900 kg of moist ear maize were loaded into each structure and samples from selected locations were weighed periodically to monitor moisture loss. Temperature and relative humidity of ambient air and inside the maize bulk were continuously recorded. Significantly faster drying was achieved in the modified gombisa, where drying occurred from bottom to top. In the traditional store, drying was much faster at the surface, with drying rate declining sharply with increasing depth in the bulk due to more limited air exchange. Relative humidity in the bulk center of the traditional structure remained above 90% for more than 4 weeks while in the modified gombisa it decreased progressively from the beginning of the trial. The results are promising and the modifications simple to implement, with the potential to effectively reduce post-harvest losses of maize. Field tests in Ethiopia are recommended.
MRI based volumetric measurements of vestibular schwannomas in patients with neurofibromatosis type 2: comparison of three different software tools
Authors: Kollmann Philipp , Mautner Victor-Felix , Koeppen Johannes , Wenzel Ralph , Friedman Jan M. , Salamon Johannes , Farschtschi Said
Published: July 2020

Neurofibromatosis type 2 is a neurogenetic disorder with an incidence of about 1:33.000. Hallmarks are bilateral benign vestibular schwannomas, which can lead to deafness or brainstem compression. Volumetric tumor measurements are essential to assess the efficacy of new therapies. We present a statistical and methodical comparison of three volumetric image analysis tools. We performed volumetric measurements on phantoms with predefined volumes (0.1 to 8.0 ml) and tumors seen on 32 head MRI scans from eight NF2 patients with BrainLab, ITK-Snap, or OsiriX. The software was compared with regard to accuracy and reproducibility of the measurements and time required for analysis. The mean volume estimated by all three software programs differed significantly from the true volume of the phantoms, but OsiriX and BrainLab gave estimates that were not significantly different from each other. For the actual tumors, the estimated volumes with all three software tools showed a low coefficient of variability, but the mean volume estimates differed among the tools. OsiriX showed the shortest analysis time. Volumetric assessment of MRI images is associated to an intrinsic risk of miscalculation. For precise volumes it is mandatory to use the same volumetric tools for all measurements.
Structural basis of SALM3 dimerization and synaptic adhesion complex formation with PTPσ
Authors: Karki Sudeep , Shkumatov Alexander V. , Bae Sungwon , Kim Hyeonho , Ko Jaewon , Kajander Tommi
Published: July 2020

Synaptic adhesion molecules play an important role in the formation, maintenance and refinement of neuronal connectivity. Recently, several leucine rich repeat (LRR) domain containing neuronal adhesion molecules have been characterized including netrin G-ligands, SLITRKs and the synaptic adhesion-like molecules (SALMs). Dysregulation of these adhesion molecules have been genetically and functionally linked to various neurological disorders. Here we investigated the molecular structure and mechanism of ligand interactions for the postsynaptic SALM3 adhesion protein with its presynaptic ligand, receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase σ (PTPσ). We solved the crystal structure of the dimerized LRR domain of SALM3, revealing the conserved structural features and mechanism of dimerization. Furthermore, we determined the complex structure of SALM3 with PTPσ using small angle X-ray scattering, revealing a 2:2 complex similar to that observed for SALM5. Solution studies unraveled additional flexibility for the complex structure, but validated the uniform mode of action for SALM3 and SALM5 to promote synapse formation. The relevance of the key interface residues was further confirmed by mutational analysis with cellular binding assays and artificial synapse formation assays. Collectively, our results suggest that SALM3 dimerization is a pre-requisite for the SALM3-PTPσ complex to exert synaptogenic activity.
Comparison of ophthalmic toxicity of light-emitting diode and organic light-emitting diode light sources
Authors: Jun Ikhyun , Han Soo Jung , Shin Hae-Sol , Kim Jiyeon , Kim Eung Kweon , Kim Tae-im , Yoon Sang Chul , Seo Kyoung Yul
Published: July 2020

The use of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) has rapidly increased in recent years. However, the effect of OLEDs on human health has not been studied yet. We investigated morphologic and functional changes after OLEDs exposure of human ocular cells, including corneal, conjunctival, lens, and retinal pigment epithelial cells, and mouse eyes. In corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells, the levels of reactive oxygen species production and interleukin-8 expression after white light-emitting diodes (LED) exposure were significantly greater than those after OLED exposure. Although no gross morphologic changes of the eyelid or cornea were found in LED- or OLED-exposed mice, oxidative stress on ocular surface was significantly increased, and the outer nuclear layer (ONL) was significantly shorter in both light-treated groups than the control group. Moreover, ONL thickness was significantly lower in the LED group than the OLED group. The electroretinography response was significantly lower in light exposure group, and there was significant difference between LED- and OLED-treated mice. Although OLED exhibits certain ocular toxicity, it can be less toxic to eyes than LED. The higher blue-wavelength energy of LED light might be the reason for its higher toxicity relative to OLED.
Publisher Correction: Morphological, genotypic and metabolomic signatures confirm interfamilial hybridization between the ubiquitous kelps Macrocystis (Arthrothamnaceae) and Lessonia (Lessoniaceae)
Authors: Murúa Pedro , Edrada-Ebel RuAngelie , Muñoz Liliana , Soldatou Sylvia , Legrave Nathalie , Müller Dieter G. , Patiño David J. , van West Pieter , Küpper Frithjof C. , Westermeier Renato , Ebel Rainer , Peters Akira F.
Published: July 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Author Correction: Impact of imaging cross-section on visualization of thyroid microvessels using ultrasound: Pilot study
Authors: Nayak Rohit , Nawar Noshin , Webb Jeremy , Fatemi Mostafa , Alizad Azra
Published: July 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
CD70 expression determines the therapeutic efficacy of expanded human regulatory T cells
Authors: Arroyo Hornero Rebeca , Georgiadis Christos , Hua Peng , Trzupek Dominik , He Li-Zhen , Qasim Waseem , Todd John A. , Ferreira Ricardo C. , Wood Kathryn J. , Issa Fadi , Hester Joanna
Published: July 2020

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are critical mediators of immune homeostasis. The co-stimulatory molecule CD27 is a marker of highly suppressive Tregs, although the role of the CD27-CD70 receptor-ligand interaction in Tregs is not clear. Here we show that after prolonged in vitro stimulation, a significant proportion of human Tregs gain stable CD70 expression while losing CD27. The expression of CD70 in expanded Tregs is associated with a profound loss of regulatory function and an unusual ability to provide CD70-directed co-stimulation to TCR-activated conventional T cells. Genetic deletion of CD70 or its blockade prevents Tregs from delivering this co-stimulatory signal, thus maintaining their regulatory activity. High resolution targeted single-cell RNA sequencing of human peripheral blood confirms the presence of CD27−CD70+Treg cells. These findings have important implications for Treg-based clinical studies where cells are expanded over extended periods in order to achieve sufficient treatment doses.
ATM-associated signalling triggers the unfolded protein response and cell death in response to stress
Authors: Hotokezaka Yuka , Katayama Ikuo , Nakamura Takashi
Published: July 2020

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress can be caused by perturbations in ER function resulting from the accumulation of unfolded/misfolded proteins in the ER lumen. Accumulating unfolded proteins trigger unfolded protein responses (UPRs) through activating three transmembrane sensors on the ER: IRE1α, PERK, and ATF6. The orchestrated action of these molecules upregulates genes encoding proteins involved in the downregulation of protein synthesis and acceleration of protein secretion. Ineffectiveness of these fail-safe mechanisms may lead to apoptosis. However, the molecular mechanisms upstream of the UPR are not fully understood. Here we show participation of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) in stress-induced apoptosis. Cytoplasmic ATM serves as a platform on which protein phosphatase 2A-dependent dephosphorylation of AKT activates glycogen synthase kinase 3β, thereby downregulating nascent polypeptide-associated complex α subunit and γ-taxilin, triggering UPRs and leading to mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. These results suggest an ATM/AKT-dependent cell death pathway triggered by various forms of stress.
Hypoxic microenvironment shapes HIV-1 replication and latency
Authors: Zhuang Xiaodong , Pedroza-Pacheco Isabela , Nawroth Isabel , Kliszczak Anna E. , Magri Andrea , Paes Wayne , Rubio Claudia Orbegozo , Yang Hongbing , Ashcroft Margaret , Mole David , Balfe Peter , Borrow Persephone , McKeating Jane A.
Published: July 2020

Viral replication is defined by the cellular microenvironment and one key factor is local oxygen tension, where hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) regulate the cellular response to oxygen. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected cells within secondary lymphoid tissues exist in a low-oxygen or hypoxic environment in vivo. However, the majority of studies on HIV replication and latency are performed under laboratory conditions where HIFs are inactive. We show a role for HIF-2α in restricting HIV transcription via direct binding to the viral promoter. Hypoxia reduced tumor necrosis factor or histone deacetylase inhibitor, Romidepsin, mediated reactivation of HIV and inhibiting HIF signaling-pathways reversed this phenotype. Our data support a model where the low-oxygen environment of the lymph node may suppress HIV replication and promote latency. We identify a mechanism that may contribute to the limited efficacy of latency reversing agents in reactivating HIV and suggest new strategies to control latent HIV-1.
Interfacial assembly of self-healing and mechanically stable hydrogels for degradation of organic dyes in water
Authors: Yan Guihua , Feng Yunchao , Wang Huiqiang , Sun Yong , Tang Xing , Hong Wenjing , Zeng Xianhai , Lin Lu
Published: July 2020

Mussel-inspired hydrogels have gained attention for underwater applications, including treatment of wastewater. However, they are typically limited by poor mechanical properties, short-term mechanical stability and by not being reusable. Here, we develop a mechanically stable and self-healing hydrogel with high mechanical strength for the degradation of dyes in wastewater, based on cellulose-derived co-polydopamine@Pd nanoparticles. A dynamic catechol redox system was achieved by reversible conversion between semiquinone and quinone/hydroquinone radicals, endowing the hydrogel with stable mechanical properties and self-healing behavior. Furthermore, a graphene oxide membrane is covalently grafted on to the hydrogel surface, which regulates its water permeability and intercepts some metal ions or large particles, protecting the hydrogel structure. High catalytic activity for anionic and cationic dyes is achieved, with the degradation rate reaching more than 95% after multiple cycles without significant deterioration in performance or hydrogel structure. Our work demonstrates a route to achieve mechanically stable hydrogels for degradation of organic dyes in wastewater.
Introduction: Catalysis, Oxygen and Sustainability …Quo vadis?
Authors: Mejía E.
Published: July 2020

Oxidative transformations are of paramount importance in nature and in synthetic laboratories in both academia and industry. With the aid of catalysis, bio-inspired aerobic oxidation has become a sustainable and economical alternative to the well-established stoichiometric processes. In this chapter we present an introductory discussion on the development of catalysis, the history and chemistry of oxygen, the importance of aerobic oxidation reactions, its many application areas and the challenges associated with their chemistry, all within the premises of sustainability and green chemistry.
Aerobic Oxidation Reactions Using Metal-based Homogeneous Systems
Authors: Urgoitia G. , Herrero M. T. , SanMartin R.
Published: July 2020

Molecular oxygen is the reagent of choice for many organic reactions, including the oxidation of a variety of substrates. The importance of carbonyl and carboxylic compounds has boosted research on alternative approaches based on more sustainable reagents. To this end, aerobic oxidative approaches have emerged as a promising option to other entries involving Friedel-–Crafts acylation, Claisen condensation, esterification or amidation reactions. In comparison with the use of heterogeneous catalysts and organocatalysts, homogeneous catalysts provide considerably higher substrate : catalyst ratios and selectivities. This chapter summarizes the most remarkable reports on the use of homogeneous catalysts for the molecular oxygen-mediated oxidation of alcohols, active methylene compounds and oxidative cleavage of unsaturated hydrocarbons, with a focus on palladium, copper and ruthenium catalysts. Special attention will be paid to aspects such as catalyst amounts, the need for co-catalysts, the pressure of oxygen or air required and reaction media.
Bio-catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation Reactions
Authors: Vilím J. , Knaus T. , Mutti F. G.
Published: July 2020

Oxidoreductase enzymes enable a large variety of oxidation and oxyfunctionalization reactions at the expense of molecular oxygen, which is most commonly used in the form of air and at atmospheric pressure. Over the past decade, the number of available enzymes and methodologies enabling the performance of these types of reactions has increased significantly, thereby greatly complicating the navigation of the biochemical landscape of aerobic enzymatic reactions. This chapter provides an overview of bio-catalytic reactions that utilize dioxygen as a final electron acceptor or hydroxylating agent with a focus on more mature processes that allow at least gram-scale biotransformations with significant chemical turnovers, thus demonstrating practical applicability in organic synthesis. The described aerobic bio-catalytic reactions comprise: (a) carbon–hydrogen hydroxylation or halogenation; (b) mono- or di-hydroxylation as well as epoxidation or cleavage of alkenes; (c) Baeyer–Villiger oxidation; (d) oxidation of alcohols or aldehydes; oxidative decarboxylation; (e) oxidation of amines or imines; oxidation of organosulfur, organoboron or organoselenium compounds; and (f) oxidative carbon–carbon bond formation. Additionally, this chapter provides brief and selected mechanistic insights into the enzyme classes (i.e., oxygenases, oxidases, and dehydrogenases) that catalyze these biochemical transformations with often excellent chemo-, regio- and stereoselectivities.
Continuous-flow Photooxygenations: An Advantageous and Sustainable Oxidation Methodology with a Bright Future
Authors: Malakar P. , Deb A. R. , Goodine T. , Robertson M. J. , Oelgemöller M.
Published: July 2020

Photooxygenations allow for the incorporation of molecular oxygen into substrates under mild and sustainable conditions. They only use light, oxygen and catalytic amounts of an organic dye to generate singlet oxygen (1O2), a short-lived reactive species, which can subsequently react with a multitude of functional groups within a substrate. Photooxygenations have found applications in fine chemical and pharmaceutical industries, for example in the manufacture of fragrances, building block chemicals and pharmaceuticals. Unlike batch processes, photooxygenations under flow conditions avoid accumulation of potentially explosive intermediates or products by continuously producing small amounts of materials, which can be subsequently quenched or converted safely. Continuous-flow reactors also allow for precise temperature control and the utilization of low-power light sources such as LEDs or OLEDs. The combination of flow operation, miniaturized dimensions and photooxygenations enables an environmentally friendly and safe adaptation to green organic synthesis. This chapter highlights various flow photoreactor technologies and successful examples of photooxygenations in flow.
Aerobic Oxidation Reactions in the Fine Chemicals and Pharmaceutical Industries
Authors: Landaeta Vanessa R. , Rodríguez-Lugo Rafael E.
Published: July 2020

Oxidative transformations are essential in the chemical industry, as most of the feedstocks used are reduced to its maximum extent. Common stoichiometric oxidants produce co-equimolar amounts of waste and, thus, are pollutant. Consequently, the interest in environmentally friendly oxidants (H2O2, N2O, O2) has increased lately. Cheap and abundant molecular oxygen has been considered as the ideal terminal oxidant. To produce commodities, aerobic oxidation is a well-established process, but that is not the case for the fine chemicals and pharmaceutical industries. The low solubility of O2 in most solvents, flammability of certain oxygen–organic vapor mixtures, activity–selectivity balance in the reactions, scalability, costs and safety have hampered its use. In this chapter, commercial aerobic oxidation processes, as well as scalable examples with potential to produce specialty chemicals, are discussed, within the fields of homo- and heterogeneous catalysis, flow chemistry, bio-, photo- and electrocatalysis.
Industrial Aerobic Oxidation of Hydrocarbons
Authors: Cavani F. , Tabanelli T.
Published: July 2020

In this chapter, two industrial processes of gas-phase, hydrocarbon catalytic oxidation are examined: (a) the oxychlorination of ethylene to 1,2-dichloroethane; and (b) the oxidation of n-butane to maleic anhydride. In the former case, the use of ethane as an alternative reactant has been studied, still without success, whereas in the latter case the alkane has replaced the corresponding C4 alkenes because of the better selectivity achieved. Recent developments are discussed for the two reactions, especially in terms of catalysts’ chemical-–physical and reactivity properties.
Controlled synthesis of N-doped carbon and TiO2 double-shelled nanospheres with encapsulated multi-layered MoO3 nanosheets as an anode for reversible lithium storage
Authors: Wu Jing , Zhang Peilin , Liu Jinzhe , Zhou Chencheng , Guo Shouzhi , Li Shuo , Lei Yuchen , Li Kuang , Chen Luyang
Published: July 2020

Under the synergy of α-MoO3, TiO2, and NC, MoO3@TiO2@NC having a special hierarchical structure exhibits excellent electrochemical performance.
Metal-free fluoroalkylfluoroalkylselenolation of unactivated alkenes: incorporation of two photoinduced processes
Authors: Lei Yingjie , Yang Ju , Wang Yawen , Wang Hongying , Zhan Yue , Jiang Xianxing , Xu Zhaoqing
Published: July 2020

Demonstrated here is the use of metal free system in a three component fluoroalkylfluoroalkylselenolation of alkenes under visible light irradiation. The method combines two photoinduced process and allows introduction of –Rf and –SeRf to alkenes.
Broadband terahertz signatures and vibrations of dopamine
Authors: Zhu Zhongjie , Zhang Jianbing , Song Yongshun , Chang Chao , Ren Guanhua , Shen Jianxiong , Zhang Zongchang , Ji Te , Chen Min , Zhao Hongwei
Published: July 2020

Dopamine (DA) is an essential neurotransmitter and hormone of the nervous system; its structural and conformational properties play critical roles in biological functions and signal transmission processes.
A general method for cultivating single crystals from melt microdroplets
Authors: Ou Xiao , Li Xizhen , Rong Haowei , Yu Lian , Lu Ming
Published: July 2020

Here, we report a general strategy for rapidly cultivating single crystals from melt microdroplets within tens of minutes at the microgram scale.
A self-powered aptasensor using the capacitor-amplified signal of a photofuel cell and a portable digital multimeter readout
Authors: Chen Yingxu , Ji Weihao , Gao Jie , Yan Kai , Zhang Jingdong
Published: July 2020

A capacitor that acts as signal amplifier and a digital multimeter that serves as the readout are coupled with a photocatalytic fuel cell to construct a self-powered sensing system for the detection of streptomycin.
Fabrication of a high-adsorption N–TiO2/Bi2MoO6 composite photocatalyst with a hierarchical heterostructure for boosted weak-visible-light photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline
Authors: Zhang Liruhua , Shen Qianhong , Yu LiXing , Huang Feilong , Zhang Changteng , Sheng Jiansong , Zhang Fang , Cheng Di , Yang Hui
Published: July 2020

TiO2 hierarchical heterostructure photocatalyst was successfully fabricated through the in situ growth of Bi2MoO6 nanosheets on rough N–TiO2 nanorods with a bark-like surface. The structure–property relationship of this composite material were researched.
A tuneable hierarchical self-assembly of a C3-symmetric triaminoguanidinium-derivative into a rhombic dodecahedral morphology
Authors: Dey Ananta , Maity Arunava , Singha Mahapatra Tufan , Suresh Eingathodi , Mandal Amal Kumar , Das Amitava
Published: July 2020

A controllable self-assembly of a small organic molecule produces a crystalline ordered rhombic dodecahedral shape with a size up to 23.7 μm. Crystal structure analysis expounds the growth mechanism for this particular shape evaluation.
Asymmetric reactions induced by electron spin polarization
Authors: Bloom B. P. , Lu Y. , Metzger Tzuriel , Yochelis Shira , Paltiel Yossi , Fontanesi Claudio , Mishra Suryakant , Tassinari Francesco , Naaman Ron , Waldeck D. H.
Published: July 2020

Spin polarized electrons can control asymmetric electrochemical reactions.
Thermal dissociation of anthracene photodimers in the condensed state: kinetic evaluation and complex phase behaviour
Authors: Brancart Joost , Van Damme Jonas , Du Prez Filip , Van Assche Guy
Published: July 2020

The kinetic parameters and the complex thermal dissociation behaviour of anthracene photodimers are reported above and below their melting temperatures.
Nanomechanical mapping of soft materials with the atomic force microscope: methods, theory and applications
Authors: Garcia Ricardo
Published: July 2020

This review provides an introduction to the state-of-the-art force microscope methods to map at high-spatial resolution the elastic and viscoelastic properties of proteins, polymers and cells.
A thio-functionalized zinc phosphite with a large-channel framework and enhanced removal ability of mercury ion from aqueous solutions
Authors: Hsieh Jui , Chen Ju-Ying , Li Han-Ying , Liu Hsin-Kuan , Tu Hsiung-Lin , Wang Chih-Min
Published: July 2020

New thio-functionalized zinc phosphite (NTOU-2S) exhibited the different structural properties and removal ability of Hg2+ cation from the sulfur-free NTOU-2.
Emerging triboelectric nanogenerators for ocean wave energy harvesting: state of the art and future perspectives
Authors: Rodrigues C. , Nunes D. , Clemente D. , Mathias N. , Correia J. M. , Rosa-Santos P. , Taveira-Pinto F. , Morais T. , Pereira A. , Ventura J.
Published: July 2020

This review details the groundwork made in the most recent years on the development of TENGs for wave energy conversion systems and discusses future perspectives in the scope of autonomous, self-powered sensor buoys and other offshore floating platforms.
Discovery of main group single Sb–N4 active sites for CO2 electroreduction to formate with high efficiency
Authors: Jiang Zhuoli , Wang Tao , Pei Jiajing , Shang Huishan , Zhou Danni , Li Haijing , Dong Juncai , Wang Yu , Cao Rui , Zhuang Zhongbin , Chen Wenxing , Wang Dingsheng , Zhang Jiatao , Li Yadong
Published: July 2020

We discover that an Sb single atom material consisting of Sb–N4 moieties anchored on N-doped carbon nanosheets can serve as a CO2RR catalyst to produce formate with high efficiency.
The influence of phosphatidylserine localisation and lipid phase on membrane remodelling by the ESCRT-II/ESCRT-III complex
Authors: Booth Andrew , Marklew Christopher J. , Ciani Barbara , Beales Paul A.
Published: July 2020

ESCRT-II/III machinery generates intraluminal vesicles with liquid ordered membranes but requires liquid disordered membrane in the bud neck for efficiency.
HepaChip-MP – a twenty-four chamber microplate for a continuously perfused liver coculture model
Authors: Busche Marius , Tomilova Olena , Schütte Julia , Werner Simon , Beer Meike , Groll Nicola , Hagmeyer Britta , Pawlak Michael , Jones Peter D. , Schmees Christian , Becker Holger , Schnabel Juliane , Gall Karsten , Hemmler Roland , Matz-Soja Madlen , Damm Georg , Beuck Simon , Klaassen Tobias , Moer Jana , Ullrich Anett , Runge Dieter , Schenke-Layland Katja , Gebhardt Rolf , Stelzle Martin
Published: July 2020

HepaChip-MP: a 24-culture-chamber, automated microfluidicin vitromodel of the liver sinusoid in multiwellplate format.
Carbon nanotube enhanced dynamic polymeric materials through macromolecular engineering
Authors: Stopler Erika B. , Dodo Obed J. , Hull Alexander C. , Weaver Kyle A. , Chakma Progyateg , Edelmann Richard , Ranly Logan , Zanjani Mehdi B. , Ye Zhijiang , Konkolewicz Dominik
Published: July 2020

Diels–Alder based dynamic polymer materials are reinforced with carbon nanotubes, to give materials with self-healing properties from the dynamic matrix and with enhanced mechanical and electrical properties from the carbon nanotubes.
Universal solid-state oxygen redox in antifluorite lithium oxidesviatransition metal doping
Authors: Kobayashi Hiroaki , Makimoto Tetsuya , Ogasawara Yoshiyuki , Harada Kosuke , Nakayama Masanobu , Hibino Mitsuhiro , Kudo Tetsuichi , Mizuno Noritaka , Yamaguchi Kazuya
Published: July 2020

Transition metal-doping to antifluorite lithium oxide enables the reversible solid-state oxygen redox in addition to the transition metal redox.
Functionalized carbon nanotube electrodes for controlled DNA sequencing
Authors: Kumawat Rameshwar L. , Pathak Biswarup
Published: July 2020

The TOC features a scheme of the solid-state nanogap-based DNA sequencing technique. DNA strands can be analyzed at the single-molecule level by translocation through the guanine probe-functionalized closed-end cap armchair CNT (6,6) nanogap setup.
Amide–imine conjugate involving gallic acid and naphthalene for nano-molar detection, enrichment and cancer cell imaging of La3+: studies on the catalytic activity of the La3+complex
Authors: Shaikh Ahad , Ghosh Milan , Mukherjee Pallabi , Ghosh Avijit , Molla Rostam Ali , Ta Sabyasachi , Das Debasis
Published: July 2020

A single crystal X-ray structurally characterized amide–imine conjugate (GAN) derived from gallic acid and naphthalene selectively recognizes La3+ionviaTURN ON fluorescence through ESIPT and CHEF mechanisms.
Synthesis and optoelectronic properties of spirofluorenexanthene-based carbazole host materials
Authors: Sun Mingli , Yue Shouzhen , Ou Changjin , Ren Baoyi , Qian Yan , Zhao Yi , Xie Linghai , Huang Wei
Published: July 2020

The structure–property relationship of carbazole substituted SFX derivatives at different positions for RGB PhOLEDs.
Design of a FRET-based fluorescent probe for the reversible detection of SO2and formaldehyde in living cells and mice
Authors: Gao Wenjie , Ma Yanyan , Lin Weiying
Published: July 2020

Design of a FRET-based fluorescent probe for the reversible detection of SO2and formaldehyde in living cells and mice.
Carbon-based materials for photo- and electrocatalytic synthesis of hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Hu Xiaoyi , Zeng Xiangkang , Liu Yue , Lu Jun , Zhang Xiwang
Published: July 2020

Advanced carbon-based materials are highlighted for light- and electricity-driven oxygen reduction and water oxidation towards hydrogen peroxide.
An amplification-free colorimetric test for sensitive DNA detection based on the capturing of gold nanoparticle clusters
Authors: Tatulli Giuseppina , Pompa Pier Paolo
Published: July 2020

A colorimetric assay for sensitive DNA detection was developed, exploiting the target-induced capturing of multiple gold nanoparticle clusters onto the surface of magnetic microbeads. The visual test achieves a performance comparable to PCR.
in situ engineered ultrafine NiS2-ZnS heterostructures in micro–mesoporous carbon spheres accelerating polysulfide redox kinetics for high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Jin Zhanshuang , Lin Tianning , Jia Hongfeng , Liu Bingqiu , Zhang Qi , Chen Lihua , Zhang Lingyu , Li Lu , Su Zhongmin , Wang Chungang
Published: July 2020

A combination of uNiS2-ZnS and micro–mesoporous carbon perfectly achieves a synergistic effect for the physical confinement and chemical adsorption/catalysis of polysulfides.
Synthetic studies on palmerolide C: synthesis of an advanced intermediate towards the revised structure of palmerolide C
Authors: Sayyad Ashik A. , Kaim Khushboo , Kaliappan Krishna P.
Published: July 2020

Herein, we describe the stereoselective synthesis of highly functionalized advanced key intermediates towards the total synthesis of the revised structure of palmerolide C and 10-epi-palmerolide C in a convergent manner.
Understanding the near-infrared fluorescence and field-induced single-molecule-magnetic properties of dinuclear and one-dimensional-chain ytterbium complexes based on 2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid
Authors: Chen Wen-Bin , Zhong Li , Zhong Yun-Jing , Zhang Yi-Quan , Gao Song , Dong Wen
Published: July 2020

Two Yb(iii) complexes with a dinuclear and belt-like one-dimensional chain structure were reported. Their near-infrared luminescence and single-molecule magnetic properties were investigated in detail.
Hydroxyl porous aromatic frameworks for efficient adsorption of organic micropollutants in water
Authors: Mo Chen , Faheem Muhammad , Aziz Saba , Jian Song , Xue Wang , Yuyang Tian , Shuang Ding , Guangshan Zhu
Published: July 2020

A series of hydroxyl functionalized PAF materials (PAF-80, PAF-81, and PAF-82) were synthesized, which create polar channels to the hydrophobic surfaces and explored as efficient adsorption of organic micropollutants in water.
Novel cross-linked poly(vinyl alcohol)-based electrolyte membranes for fuel cell applications
Authors: Kulasekaran Poonkuzhali , Maria Mahimai Berlina , Deivanayagam Paradesi
Published: July 2020

A series of cross-linked poly(vinyl alcohol)-sulfonated poly(ether sulfone) blend membranes were prepared. The studies of physico-chemical properties revealed that the reported membranes are promising candidate for PEMFC applications.
Support effects on catalysis of low temperature methane steam reforming
Authors: Torimoto Maki , Ogo Shuhei , Hisai Yudai , Nakano Naoya , Takahashi Ayako , Ma Quanbao , Seo Jeong Gil , Tsuneki Hideaki , Norby Truls , Sekine Yasushi
Published: July 2020

Low temperature (<500 K) methane steam reforming in an electric field was investigated over various catalysts.
Room-temperature synthesis of water-dispersible sulfur-doped reduced graphene oxide without stabilizers
Authors: Guo Jianqiang , Wang Weimiao , Li Yue , Liang Jiafeng , Zhu Qiaosi , Li Jiongli , Wang Xudong
Published: July 2020

Room-temperature synthesis of sulfur-doped reduced graphene oxide, which can form stable aqueous dispersion without using any stabilizer.
Synthesis of biodiesel from waste cooking oil catalyzed by β-cyclodextrin modified Mg–Al–La composite oxide
Authors: Liu Guanhao , Yang Jingyi , Xu Xinru
Published: July 2020

In this study, Mg–Al–La composite oxide loaded with ionic liquid [Bmim]OH was used as a catalyst for the synthesis of fatty acid isobutyl ester (FAIBE) via transesterification between waste cooking oil and isobutanol.
Diagnostic prospects and preclinical development of optical technologies using gold nanostructure contrast agents to boost endogenous tissue contrast
Authors: Dey Priyanka , Blakey Idriss , Stone Nick
Published: July 2020

Optical biomedical imaging research utilising gold nanostructures as contrast agents has advanced beyond basic science, demonstrating potential in various optical diagnostic tools; some of which are currently translating into clinical applications.
Tubularenes
Authors: Mirzaei Saber , Castro Edison , Sánchez Raúl Hernández
Published: July 2020

First scaffolding approach to obtain tubular-shaped contorted aromatic architectures.
Triggering doxorubicin release from responsive hydrogel films by polyamine uptake
Authors: Pérez-Chávez Néstor A. , Nosthas Aguiar Victor , Allegretto Juan A. , Albesa Alberto G. , Giussi Juan M. , Longo Gabriel S.
Published: July 2020

Polyacid hydrogel films can capture polyamines and deliver a therapeutic drug in response.
Rapid and highly sensitive visual detection of oxalate for metabolic assessment of urolithiasis via selective recognition reaction of CdTe quantum dots
Authors: Chen Piaopiao , Bai Yunjin , Tang Yin , Yan Shixin , Wang Xinyi , Wei Wuran , Wang Jia , Zhang Ming , Ying Binwu , Geng Jia
Published: July 2020

A homogeneous visual determination of oxalate method based on selective quenching reaction of QDs was constructed for metabolic assessment of urolithiasis.
Facile synthesis of hollow mesoporous nickel sulfide nanoparticles for highly efficient combinatorial photothermal–chemotherapy of cancer
Authors: Yang Ruihao , Li Ruidong , Zhang Lei , Xu Zhigang , Kang Yuejun , Xue Peng
Published: July 2020

Novel synthesis of hollow mesoporous (hm)-NiS NPs and the derivative of NiPPD NPs for highly efficient tumor combination therapy.
Recognition mechanism of molecularly imprinted polymers by aggregation-induced emission
Authors: Wu Yuwei , Liu Jiang , Huang Wenbin , He Zikai , Zhou Jia , Li Yingchun
Published: July 2020

AIEgens were adopted as templates to separately investigate the effects of functional groups and molecular size on the imprinting process and sorption capacity. The possibility of using solid-state fluorescence for quantification was proved.
Solution-processed aluminum metals using liquid-phase aluminum-hydrides
Authors: Masuda Takashi , Takagishi Hideyuki
Published: July 2020

Liquid-to-metal Al conversion in liquid aluminum-hydride compounds