bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experiences of Physical and Psychological Violence Against Male Victims in Canada: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Dim Eugene Emeka
Published: March 2020

The concept of intimate partner violence (IPV) implies gender-neutrality in the experiences of violence. Gender symmetry in IPV implies similar numbers of men and women victims. Data from the 2014 Canadian General Social Survey (Victimization) indicate that 262,267 men and 159,829 women were victims of self-reported spousal violence over the past 5 years. Despite the prevailing notion that IPV predominantly affects female victims, these data suggest that men too are victims of IPV, especially in heterosexual relationships. However, very few qualitative studies have shed light on heterosexual male victims’ experiences of IPV. This article describes some of these experiences and also seeks to understand the effects of IPV on male victims. Qualitative data collected through semi-structured interviews with 16 male victims of IPV were used to explore their experience of physical IPV and psychological IPV, as well as the consequences of such abuse. Results revealed common themes pertaining to the type of abuses (i.e., physical, controlling and threatening behaviours, and verbal abuse) male victims experienced and the subsequent physical and psychological impacts. This study identifies the need to distinguish between physically and psychologically abused male victims of IPV.
Modeling and design study of energy generation through high-speed wind at the spillways of hydroelectric power station
Authors: Malik Muhammad Suleman , Khan Muhammad Omer , Aamir Syed Muhammad
Published: March 2020

The customary energy assets are progressively draining, and the quest for using sustainable power source for power generation is picking up ubiquity for a safe energy demand. Energy recovery thought is introduced to use the pressurized wind caused because of water flow from the spillway of the hydel generating station. The fast wind is caused because of water flow from the supply at higher head to catchment zone at lower head. By appropriate demonstrating the structure parameters of the wind turbines, this fast wind can be used to create power by introducing it in reasonable areas. The consequences of two contextual investigations have been analyzed, and the capability of wind power in those areas has been evaluated. The produced wind power is taken back to the main system and can either be used for charging the batteries or can be used for auxiliary equipment.
Designing a mentoring program for faculty librarians
Authors: Heyns Erla P. , Nixon Judith M.
Published: March 2020

This article describes the Purdue University Libraries mandatory co-mentoring program. Surveys with all Purdue University Libraries faculty librarians and select follow-up interviews were conducted. This program supports all faculty librarians and differs from other mentoring programs since it is team-based, includes the supervisor, and advises on promotion. These Faculty Review Committees integrate performance reviews with progress toward promotion and have the responsibility to prepare written annual reviews and evaluations, and represent the candidate at the promotion review. The program is considered very effective at Purdue University Libraries and a unique model. This program is also compared to four other ARL co-mentoring programs using a survey and follow-up interviews.
Novel Assessment Method for Support Conditions of Concrete Pavement under Traffic Loads using Distributed Optical Sensing Technology
Authors: Zeng Mengyuan , Wu Difei , Zhao Hongduo , Chen Hui , Bian Zeying
Published: March 2020

Loss of support is a common concrete pavement distress that may affect pavement performance directly. Previous studies have proved that vibration-based methods have the potential for detecting loss of support in a more efficient way but this is limited by loading conditions. This paper presents a further study concerning the effects of moving loads and proposes a novel method for assessing support conditions of concrete pavement under traffic loads using distributed optical vibration sensing technology. First, finite element analysis and laboratory tests were conducted to investigate the impact of loss of support on pavement vibration induced by moving loads with reference to the frequency spectrum. The impact of loading conditions, including loading position and speed, was also studied using the same methods. The results indicate that both loss of support and loading characteristics have a considerable effect on the distribution of the frequency spectrum. It is proved that weighted frequency can be utilized for assessment of support conditions under a specific loading condition. It is suggested the loading position needs to be close to the measurement point (distance < 0.3 m) to obtain stable and reliable data for assessment of support conditions. In addition, the loading speed should be adequately fast and steady (4 to 5 m/s) to ensure the significance of the effect of loss of support. A field test was conducted in an airport, and the novel assessment method was validated by comparing it with a conventional deflection-based method. The novel method proved to be reliable for implementation in practice.
Sexual Harassment and Assault in Transit Environments: A Review of the English-language Literature
Authors: Ding Hao , Loukaitou-Sideris Anastasia , Agrawal Asha Weinstein
Published: March 2020

The #MeToo movement has brought much attention to crimes of sexual harassment in the workplace, but less attention has been given to such crimes taking place in transit environments. Reviewing international literature on sexual harassment, assault, and rape in transit environments, this article explores questions that relate to the nature, frequency, and impact of these crimes, and the strategies and interventions adopted by and recommended to public agencies to improve actual and perceived safety for riders. Highlighting an issue that primarily affects women, the article helps advocate for a better inclusion of women’s needs in planning for safety and mobility.
Compressive behaviours of octet-truss lattices
Authors: Li Yifan , Gu Huaiyuan , Pavier Martyn , Coules Harry
Published: March 2020

Octet-truss lattice structures can be used for lightweight structural applications due to their high strength-to-density ratio. In this research, octet-truss lattice specimens were fabricated by stereolithography additive manufacturing with a photopolymer resin. The mechanical properties of this structure have been examined in three orthogonal orientations under the compressive load. Detailed comparison and description were carried out on deformation mechanisms and failure modes in different lattice orientations. Finite element models using both beam elements and three-dimensional solid elements were used to simulate the compressive response of this structure. Both the load reaction and collapse modes obtained in simulations were compared with test results. Our results indicate that three-dimensional continuum element models are required to accurately capture the behaviour of real trusses, taking into account the effects of finite-sized beams and joints.
The Trump administration’s politics of time: The temporal dynamics that enable Trump’s interests to determine American foreign policy
Authors: McIntosh Christopher
Published: March 2020

Scholars and political observers have noted how the rate of significant events and crises in the Trump administration appear to be accelerating at an unmanageable and irresistible pace, making it difficult to respond to these actions as they happen. This paper uses the lens of the present as a frame for exploring the temporal assumptions and “timing mechanisms” at work in the contemporary moment within American politics, particularly within US foreign and security policy. The paper identifies and explores three elements of this particular present that combine to enable the implementation of Trump administration policy goals. These three areas include the production of an indefinite present, temporal othering, and the rapid tempo of political activity. Focusing on the temporal dynamics of the political present during the Trump administration reveals some of the ways in which domestic and/or foreign acquiescence is realized despite their rejection of recent US foreign policy doctrine. The paper concludes with a reflection on likely implications this will have on the conduct of American foreign policy, ultimately arguing that it is likely to become increasingly unpredictable and even more violent, dangerously exacerbating already existing inequalities, marginalizations, and erasures of difference.
Are Conflicts Property? Re-Examining the Ownership of Conflict in Restorative Justice
Authors: Wood William R , Suzuki Masahiro
Published: March 2020

Nils Christie’s concept of ‘conflicts as property’ has become axiomatic within restorative justice (RJ) as justification for victim involvement and redress, offender accountability and reintegration, and community involvement in RJ conferencing practices. In this article, we revisit the concept of conflicts as property as a theoretical premise for the use of RJ. We suggest that restorative conferencing practices used to address criminal matters in most English-speaking countries or jurisdictions evidence many of the same concerns voiced by Christie four decades ago in his critique of the ‘stealing’ of conflicts more rightly owned by victims, offenders and communities. We further argue that the institutionalisation of RJ has embedded its practices into highly unequal justice systems, with little evidence of how RJ may enable people or communities to ‘own’ conflicts in ways that do not mirror existing lines of social marginalisation and inequality.
Contesting Visions of Hong Kong’s Rule of Law and Young People’s Political Discontent
Authors: Lee Man Yee Karen , Lo Yan Lam
Published: March 2020

This empirical study shows age makes a difference in how people evaluate Hong Kong’s legal and political institutions amid the former British colony’s chronic democratic deficit and rising political discontent since its return to Chinese rule in 1997. Using data from a 2015 survey of 3525 local residents conducted 6 months after the end of the ‘Umbrella Movement’ – a pro-democracy protest lasting 79 days, it reveals a glaring gap between older and younger people in their evaluations of Hong Kong’s electoral system and human rights, and more importantly, the latter’s rising localist sentiment. If perceived illegitimacy of a regime discourages legal compliance, these findings do not bode well for Hong Kong’s long-term governance. The largely youth-led protests that erupted in the summer of 2019 against a now-withdrawn bill that would have allowed extradition to Mainland China, which plunged the city into its worst political crisis since 1997, are ominous signs.
Exploring Linkages Between Corporate Governance and Business Performance: Does Good Corporate Governance Lead to Enhanced Business Value?
Authors: Nag Tirthankar , Chatterjee Chanchal
Published: March 2020

This study explores the influence of corporate governance practices in corporate boards on firm performance and draws insights on the relative importance for companies for fostering the development of governance mechanisms in business. The study examines 50 firms belonging to the benchmark index of the National Stock Exchange of India (NIFTY 50) and tracks them for over a five-year period. The study uses fixed and random effect econometric models to explore the relationship between corporate governance variables, and firm performance using both accounting returns (EVA, ROA and ROE) and market returns (MVA). The study finds that corporate governance variables significantly improve firm performance or value creation. Especially, multiple directorships, involvement of foreign institutional investors and increase in promoter holdings may significantly affect returns of the firm. The study suggests that it may be useful to foster better corporate governance practices and monitor linkages with firm performance as the effect is influenced by other control variables also.
Where Are We and What Shall We Do Next? A Qualitative Study of the Quality of Home Care in Shanghai, China
Authors: Tang Xianping , Chen Xuemei , Wu Bei , Ma Chenjuan , Ge Song , Sun Hong , Zhou Lanshu
Published: March 2020

Introduction: With the increasing need for home care in Shanghai, China, it is crucial to ensure its quality. This study aimed to explore quality-related issues of home care in Shanghai, China, and identify strategies for improvement. Method: This is a descriptive qualitative study. Semistructured interviews were conducted among 27 individuals, including home care managers ( n = 8), nurses ( n = 10), and patients and/or their caregivers ( n = 9). Colaizzi’s seven-step analysis method was used to guide data analysis. Results: Three themes emerged regarding the quality of home care in China: unsatisfactory structure quality, unsatisfactory process quality, and imperfect outcome quality evaluation system. Recommended strategies for quality improvement included issuing standards for home care evaluation, refining structure quality and process quality, and establishing an outcome quality evaluation system. Conclusions: Concerns about the quality of home care in China were identified by providers and patients. More research especially studies quantifying the care quality and its influencing factors are needed.
Adventure Therapy and Routine Outcome Monitoring of Treatment: The Time Is Now
Authors: Dobud Will W. , Cavanaugh Daniel L. , Harper Nevin J.
Published: March 2020

Background: Routine outcome monitoring (ROM) was popularized in the mid-1990s to improve client outcomes in psychotherapy, though implementation in clinical practice has been slow. Although increased outcome research in adventure therapy (AT) in the last decade has demonstrated AT as a viable treatment option, recent reviews have found worrying trends regarding research methodology and poorly substantiated claims of superiority. Purpose: The purpose of this article is to explore the potential for ROM in AT. Methodology/Approach: We conducted a brief review of the literature on ROM and offered a discussion that positions principles of ROM with the nascent knowledge base of AT. Findings/Conclusions: We propose ROM is a viable next step in AT research and practice. ROM can explore when change is likely to occur during an AT program and provide a platform for improving client engagement and outcomes. Implications: We recommend implementation of ROM in AT and that future AT research explore therapist effects and important therapeutic factors, such as the therapeutic alliance and deterioration.
Expecting the Unexpected: Disaster Risks and Conflict
Authors: Bas Muhammet A. , McLean Elena V.
Published: March 2020

This study examines the relationship between disaster risks and interstate conflict. We argue that in disaster-prone areas actors’ rational expectations about the likelihood and magnitude of potential future disasters can make conflict more likely. The relationship emerges when future disasters are viewed as shocks that are expected to shift the relative power balance among states. If large enough, such expected shifts can generate commitment problems and cause conflict even before any disasters take place. Our approach represents a shift of focus from previous research, which investigates the effect of actual disasters and ignores rational expectations regarding future events. We use a simple game-theoretic model to highlight the commitment problem caused by disaster risks. We then discuss and apply an empirical strategy enabling us to disentangle effects of disaster proneness from effects of actual disaster events. Our results indicate that greater disaster risks are indeed associated with a higher likelihood of interstate conflict.
Do People Trust the Government More? Unpacking the Distinct Impacts of Anticorruption Policies on Political Trust
Authors: Kang Siqin , Zhu Jiangnan
Published: March 2020

Governments at times combat corruption intensively in an attempt to (re)gain political trust. While corruption crackdowns may demonstrate government resolve to fight corruption, the high-profile corruption uncovered may also shock the public. Therefore, how effective can anticorruption policies help boost political trust? We argue that anticorruption policies influence political trust through two channels: direct experience, that is, interactions with governmental bodies, and the media, that is, second-hand information culled from reporting on anticorruption. Differentiating between these two channels illustrates that anticorruption policies may have distinct effects on political trust for different social groups. We contextualize our theoretical framework with the latest anticorruption drive in China, combining longitudinal data from a national survey and field interviews and using difference-in-differences (DID) models. Our findings support our predictions. For state-system insiders (e.g., civil servants), increase of political trust is less pronounced than for outsiders because the former directly experience radical implementation processes and ineffective anticorruption outcomes. Similarly, political trust increases at a lower rate for groups with higher levels of education and greater access to information outside governmental propaganda than for their less-informed counterparts. Intensive anticorruption efforts are therefore more likely to increase political trust for the grassroots than for elites in China.
Understanding Vicarious Trauma, Burnout, and Compassion Fatigue in High-Conflict Divorce
Authors: Ordway Ann M. , Moore Ruth Ouzts , Casasnovas Arielle F. , Asplund Nancy R.
Published: March 2020

Family court–involved professionals work regularly with individuals immersed in personal and family crisis stemming from litigation and the high-conflict divorce experience. Regardless of the professional role, lawyers, judges, mediators, and mental health providers encounter clients who present with trauma-based symptoms and who, in turn, likely put the professionals who work with them at an increased risk of vicarious trauma, compassion fatigue, and burnout. This article explores the impact of working with high-conflict divorce clients on experts and strategies for self-care, boundaries, and insulation.
Underactuated rotary inverted pendulum control using robust generalized dynamic inversion
Authors: Mehedi Ibrahim M , Ansari Uzair , Bajodah Abdulrahman H , AL-Saggaf Ubaid M , Kada Belkacem , Rawa Muhyaddin J
Published: March 2020

The article applies the robust generalized dynamic inversion control methodology to the problem of stabilizing upright equilibrium configuration of the under-actuated rotary inverted pendulum system while tracking rotary motion of the actuated arm. The proposed robust generalized dynamic inversion control law comprised equivalent and switching control parts. The equivalent control part works to enforce a virtual constraint dynamics of the controlled state variables by means of Moore–Penrose generalized inversion. The switching control part is of the sliding mode type, and it improves robustness against unmodeled system dynamics, parametric uncertainties, and external disturbances. The robust generalized dynamic inversion control design on the linearized model of the under-actuated rotary inverted pendulum is shown to guarantee semi-global asymptotically stable tracking performance. Numerous computer simulations and experiments are conducted on the Quanser rotary inverted pendulum system, revealing that the proposed algorithm has better convergence and tracking performance than conventional sliding mode and generalized dynamic inversion control strategies when both are applied separately.
Safety of trastuzumab after trastuzumab emtansine-induced nodular regenerative hyperplasia: A case report
Authors: Hassan Chadi , Correal Florence , Vézina Gabriel , Yelle Louise , Adam Jean-Philippe
Published: March 2020

Introduction

Trastuzumab emtansine is an antibody-drug conjugate targeting the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 use in recurrent metastatic breast cancer. Cases of trastuzumab emtansine-induced nodular regenerative hyperplasia are often reported as overt noncirrhotic portal hypertension with ascites and variceal bleeding.

Case report

We report the case of a 61-year-old woman who present multiple stellate angiomas with gradual increased liver transaminases and reduced platelet count during a 27-months course on trastuzumab emtansine therapy for recurrent metastatic breast cancer. After the nodular regenerative hyperplasia was histologically confirmed, the trastuzumab emtansine was stopped. After two months, trastuzumab was restarted together with exemestane. During trastuzumab therapy, the patient had a normalization of liver transaminases, platelet count and a gradual improvement of her stellate angiomas. Trastuzumab was continued for 15 months without any reoccurrence of nodular regenerative hyperplasia.

Management and outcome

Nodular regenerative hyperplasia should be suspected after one year of trastuzumab emtansine treatment in patients with signs of portal hypertension without cirrhosis. Definitive cessation of trastuzumab emtansine is required after a diagnosis of nodular regenerative hyperplasia and complete resolution of symptoms generally takes several months.

Discussion

Based on fundamental studies, nodular regenerative hyperplasia is probably caused by the emtansine (DM1) part of the trastuzumab emtansine. It is still unclear if trastuzumab therapy can be reintroduced after nodular regenerative hyperplasia induced by trastuzumab emtansine, depriving the patient of a HER2-targeted therapy. Only one case reported having given trastuzumab in this situation over one month. In our case, trastuzumab was reintroduced without any complications for a long extent following TDM1-associated nodular regenerative hyperplasia.
Memory-type boundary control of a laminated Timoshenko beam
Authors: Feng Baowei , Soufyane Abdelaziz
Published: March 2020

In this paper, we consider a laminated Timoshenko beam with boundary conditions of a memory type. This structure is given by two identical uniform layers, one on top of the other, taking into account that an adhesive of small thickness bonds the two surfaces and produces an interfacial slip. Under the assumptions of wider classes of kernel functions, we establish an optimal explicit energy decay result. The stability result is more general than previous works and hence improves earlier results in the literature.
Exact bending solutions of circular sandwich plates with functionally graded material-undercoated layer subjected to axisymmetric distributed loads
Authors: Chung Yen-Ling , Ou Zhong-Xing
Published: March 2020

In this study, the closed-form bending solutions of simply supported circular sandwich plates subjected to linearly or power-law, or partial uniform distributed loads are derived. The circular sandwich plate contains two homogeneous substrates and a functionally graded material-undercoated layer added between two homogeneous substrates. The Poisson’s ratio of the circular sandwich plates is assumed to be uniform. The Young’s moduli in the undercoated functionally graded material layer vary continuously throughout the thickness according to the volume fraction of constituents based on power-law, sigmoid, or exponential function. To solve the problem, first, the in-plane and bending problems of circular sandwich plate are uncoupled by properly choosing the origin of the z-axis such that the parameter [Formula: see text]. Then the fundamental bending solution of a simply supported circular sandwich plate under axisymmetric ring load is found based on the classical plate theory. Finally, by superposing the fundamental solutions, the closed-form bending solutions of circular sandwich plates under arbitrarily axisymmetric transverse loads are determined. Results reveal that the closed-form solutions agree very well with the finite element calculation and, when degenerated, coincide with the available solutions for isotropic homogenous plates in the literature. Moreover, the exact solutions of the circular sandwich plates subjected to axisymmetric transverse loads exhibit the relation of [Formula: see text] for the stresses [Formula: see text] and bending moments [Formula: see text]. The effects of the material gradient, the material distribution, and the thickness of the undercoated-functionally graded material layer on the mechanical behaviors of the circular sandwich plates are under investigation in detail.
Comparative Analysis of the Biosimilar and Innovative G-CSF Modulated Pathways on Umbilical Cord Blood–Derived Mononuclear Cells
Authors: Avila-Portillo LM , Aristizabal F , Perdomo S , Riveros A , Ospino B , Avila JP , Butti M , Abba MC
Published: March 2020

Biosimilars of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) have been routinely introduced into clinical practice. However, not functional genomics characterization has been performed yet in comparison with the innovator G-CSF. This study aimed to evaluate the transcriptomic changes in an in vitro model of umbilical cord blood cells (UBC) exposed to G-CSF for the identification of their modulated pathways. Umbilical cord blood cells–derived mononuclear cells (MNCs) were treated with biosimilar and innovator G-CSF for further gene expression profiling analysis using a microarray-based platform. Comparative analysis of biosimilar and innovator G-CSF gene expression signatures allowed us to identify the most commonly modulated pathways by both drugs. In brief, we observed predominantly upmodulation of transcripts related to PI3K-Akt, NF-kappaB, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathways as well as transcripts related to negative regulation of apoptotic process among others. In addition, hematopoietic colony-forming cell assays corroborate the G-CSF phenotypic effects over UBC-derived MNCs. In conclusion, our study suggests that G-CSF impacts UBC-derived cells through the modulation of several signaling pathways associated with cell survival, migration, and proliferation. The concordance observed between biosimilar and innovator G-CSF emphasizes their similarity in regards to their specificity and biological responses.
Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 at the Interface Between Inflammation and Metabolism
Authors: Trzaskalski Natasha A , Fadzeyeva Evgenia , Mulvihill Erin E
Published: March 2020

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) is a serine protease that rapidly inactivates the incretin peptides, glucagon-like peptide-1, and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide to modulate postprandial islet hormone secretion and glycemia. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 also has nonglycemic effects by controlling the progression of inflammation, which may be mediated more through direct protein-protein interactions than catalytic activity in the context of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), obesity, and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Failure to resolve inflammation resulting in chronic subclinical activation of the immune system may influence the development of metabolic dysregulation. Thus, through both its cleavage and regulation of the bioactivity of peptide hormones and its influence on inflammation, DPP4 exhibits a diverse array of effects that can influence the progression of metabolic disease. Here, we highlight our current understanding of the complex biology of DPP4 at the intersection of inflammation, obesity, T2D, and NAFLD. We compare and review new mechanisms identified in basic laboratory and clinical studies, which may have therapeutic application and relevance to the pathogenesis of obesity and T2D.
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT): Review of incidence, diagnosis, and management
Authors: Hogan Marie , Berger Jeffrey S
Published: March 2020

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a life and limb-threatening complication of heparin exposure. Here, we review the pathogenesis, incidence, diagnosis, and management of HIT. The first step in thwarting devastating complications from this entity is to maintain a high index of clinical suspicion, followed by an accurate clinical scoring assessment using the 4Ts. Next, appropriate stepwise laboratory testing must be undertaken in order to rule out HIT or establish the diagnosis. In the interim, all heparin must be stopped immediately, and the patient administered alternative anticoagulation. Here we review alternative anticoagulation choice, therapy alternatives in the difficult-to-manage patient with HIT, and the problem of overdiagnosis.
Classification, Severity Assessment, and Prevention of Recurrences in Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Seppänen H. , Puolakkainen P.
Published: March 2020

Background:

Acute pancreatitis is a common disease, the incidence of which is 75–100/100,000/year in Finland. The worldwide incidence of acute pancreatitis is increasing. The identified mildcases usually show rapid recovery with conservative treatment allowing early discharge. Severe cases need early intensive care to reduce the risk of serious complications such as multi-organ failure. The revised Atlanta classification of acute pancreatitis was introduced in 2012–2013. A recurrent acute pancreatitis is defined as two or more well-documented separate attacks of acute pancreatitis with complete resolution in between. Alcoholic pancreatitis is the most common recurrent acute pancreatitis type.

Methods:

In this review current severity classifications and literature on the prevention of recurrent acute pancreatitis are analyzed.

Results:

The severity of the disease is classified as mild, moderately severe, and severe acute pancreatitis. Novel entities include acute peripancreatic fluid collections in mild acute pancreatitis and acute necrotic collections in necrotizing acute pancreatitis lesser than 4 weeks after the onset and pancreatic pseudocyst in mild acute pancreatitis and walled-off necrosis in necrotizing acute pancreatitis more than 4 weeks after the onset of the disease. After the first attack of alcohol-induced acute pancreatitis, 46% of the patients develop at least one recurrence within 10- to 20-year follow-up. With repeated intervention against alcohol consumption, it is possible to reduce the recurrences. Removing the gall bladder after biliary pancreatitis is the key preventing recurrences. In mild cases, even during the index admission; in severe cases, it is recommended to wait until the inflammatory changes have resolved. Of total, 59% of the idiopathic pancreatitis had sludge of stones in the gall bladder. In other etiologies, addressing the etiological factor may prevent recurrent acute pancreatitis.

Conclusions:

This review describes current use of novel severity classifications and also different possibilities to prevent recurrent acute pancreatitis with different etiologies including idiopathic.
Comparison of accuracy of mesiodistal tooth measurements made in conventional study models and digital models obtained from intraoral scan and desktop scan of study models
Authors: Murugesan Arathi , Sivakumar Arvind
Published: March 2020

Objective:

To compare the measured values obtained from the plaster model, digital models created by scanning the plaster models and direct intraoral scanning with the values obtained from direct intraoral measurements.

Design:

This was a prospective clinical study.

Setting:

The study was conducted in Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Tamil Nadu, India.

Participants:

Ten patients before the start of orthodontic treatment were selected for the study.

Methods:

A computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD-CAM) system is an advanced technology that is being adopted in the field of orthodontics for diagnosis, treatment planning and documentation of patient records. Mesiodistal tooth width measurements of first premolars, canines, lateral incisors and central incisors, and transverse width measurement from mesial pit of right first premolar to mesial pit of left first premolar in both maxilla and mandible were obtained from direct intraoral measurement (gold standard), study model obtained from alginate impression, intraoral scanned image, and desktop scanned image of the study model. Descriptive statistics and ANOVA was performed to find the difference in mean among the groups.

Results:

A P value > 0.05 was obtained in ANOVA indicating that there is no statistically significant difference in the measurements obtained by either of the methods.

Conclusion:

Conventional stone models and digital models obtained from intraoral scan and desktop scanning of plaster models are clinically reliable as the variations in measurements obtained from these methods were clinically negligible.
Predictors of self-efficacy among residents of low-income neighborhoods: Implications for social work practice
Authors: Zanbar Lea , Nouman Hani
Published: March 2020

Assisting the development of clients’ self-efficacy and improving their quality of life by identifying and activating their strengths and resources is at the heart of social work. The present study therefore examines the unique and combined contribution of internal resources (self-esteem, mastery, and hope) and external resources (social support, social competence, and community involvement) to the explanation of the variance in self-efficacy in a needy population. The sample consisted of 400 residents of 30 low-socioeconomic status neighborhoods in Israel, a population that represents the primary clients of welfare services.

Findings

Hierarchical regression analyses showed that all the internal and external resources predicted higher levels of self-efficacy, save for social support. The fact that social support was not associated with self-efficacy might be explained by the uniquely high levels of social support found for all the participants and the negligible variance in this variable. The finding of a consistently high level of social support in a sample of low-socioeconomic status residents is an important finding in and of itself.

Applications

Practical recommendations are offered relating to the need for social workers to focus on identifying their clients’ internal and social resources, strengthen existing resources, and create opportunities to enhance those that are lacking.
Colonial shorthand and historical knowledge: Segregation and localisation in a Dutch colonial society
Authors: Raben Remco
Published: March 2020

Issues of segregation and difference in early-modern Dutch Batavia prove harder to define once we move beyond the picture presented by colonial authorities and move away geographically from the centre of colonial knowledge production. Ethnic quarters were established in the colonial cities, but religious identities blurred strict racial boundary making. Three case studies demonstrate how new lines of identification and distinction emerged, which cut across formal ethnic classifiers. Colonial societies were extremely complex places, where race, occupation, religion, class, and legal status constantly interplayed and directed the definition of social boundaries. Instead of thinking in terms of ethnic segregation as presented in the colonial records, this contribution proposes to think in terms of ‘moral communities’. By so doing, we might be able to balance better between ‘Closeness and Proximity’ in colonial societies. We can thus try to visualise colonial society not primarily as a hierarchical order with fairly strict or at least distinctive internal boundaries as defined by the colonial authorities, but as a society of different and overlapping socio-cultural spheres and as circles of trust rather than of bounded ethnic communities.
Talent Development in Achievement Domains: A Psychological Framework for Within- and Cross-Domain Research
Authors: Preckel Franzis , Golle Jessika , Grabner Roland , Jarvin Linda , Kozbelt Aaron , Müllensiefen Daniel , Olszewski-Kubilius Paula , Schneider Wolfgang , Subotnik Rena , Vock Miriam , Worrell Frank C.
Published: March 2020

Achievement in different domains, such as academics, music, or visual arts, plays a central role in all modern societies. Different psychological models aim to describe and explain achievement and its development in different domains. However, there remains a need for a framework that guides empirical research within and across different domains. With the talent-development-in-achievement-domains (TAD) framework, we provide a general talent-development framework applicable to a wide range of achievement domains. The overarching aim of this framework is to support empirical research by focusing on measurable psychological constructs and their meaning at different levels of talent development. Furthermore, the TAD framework can be used for constructing domain-specific talent-development models. With examples for the application of the TAD framework to the domains of mathematics, music, and visual arts, the review provided supports the suitability of the TAD framework for domain-specific model construction and indicates numerous research gaps and open questions that should be addressed in future research.
Synthesis of pyrrolo[3,4-c]carbazole-1,3(2H,6H)-diones via addition/cyclization reactions between 3-chloro-4-indolylmaleimides and alkynes
Authors: Zhang Weifang , Huang Weicheng , Gao Shenyuan , Zeng Yuanxu , Wei Hao , Ye Qing
Published: March 2020

3-Chloro-4-indolylmaleimides and two different alkynes are used as the starting materials in a novel and highly effective Pd-catalyzed addition/C–H activation/cyclization sequence for the synthesis of pyrrolo[3,4- c]carbazole-1,3(2 H,6 H)-diones. The desired products are obtained in moderate to excellent yields. Such compounds show a wide range of biological activities.
Automated endoscopic detection and classification of colorectal polyps using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Ozawa Tsuyoshi , Ishihara Soichiro , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro , Kumagai Youichi , Shichijo Satoki , Tada Tomohiro
Published: March 2020

Background:

Recently the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy addressed the ‘resect and discard’ strategy, determining that accurate in vivo differentiation of colorectal polyps (CP) is necessary. Previous studies have suggested a promising application of artificial intelligence (AI), using deep learning in object recognition. Therefore, we aimed to construct an AI system that can accurately detect and classify CP using stored still images during colonoscopy.

Methods:

We used a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture called Single Shot MultiBox Detector. We trained the CNN using 16,418 images from 4752 CPs and 4013 images of normal colorectums, and subsequently validated the performance of the trained CNN in 7077 colonoscopy images, including 1172 CP images from 309 various types of CP. Diagnostic speed and yields for the detection and classification of CP were evaluated as a measure of performance of the trained CNN.

Results:

The processing time of the CNN was 20 ms per frame. The trained CNN detected 1246 CP with a sensitivity of 92% and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 86%. The sensitivity and PPV were 90% and 83%, respectively, for the white light images, and 97% and 98% for the narrow band images. Among the correctly detected polyps, 83% of the CP were accurately classified through images. Furthermore, 97% of adenomas were precisely identified under the white light imaging.

Conclusions:

Our CNN showed promise in being able to detect and classify CP through endoscopic images, highlighting its high potential for future application as an AI-based CP diagnosis support system for colonoscopy.
Infrared Thermography Follow-Up After Lower Limb Revascularization
Authors: Ilo Arjaleena , Romsi Pekka , Pokela Matti , Mäkelä Jussi
Published: March 2020

Background:

The purpose of this study was with a simple clinical setting to compare skin temperature changes in the feet before and after revascularization and to identify possible correlation between ankle brachial index (ABI) and toe pressure (TP) values and foot skin temperature patient with and without diabetes.

Methods:

Forty outpatient clinic patients were measured ABI, TP, and the skin temperature using infrared thermography (IRT) at the foot before and after revascularization. Patients in the revascularization group were divided into subgroups depending on whether they had diabetes or not and a wound or not.

Results:

There were clear correlation between increase of ABI and TP and increase of the mean skin temperature on the feet after revascularization. The temperature was higher and the temperature change was greater among patients with diabetes. Side-to-side temperature difference between the revascularized feet and contralateral feet decreased after treatment. The mean temperature was higher in the feet with wound whether patient had diabetes mellitus or not.

Conclusion:

The simple, prompt, and noninvasive IRT procedure showed its potential as a follow-up tool among patients with diabetes or peripheral arterial disease and previous lower limb revascularization.
Improving Precision and Confidence of Research Application Through Mediator and Moderator Models
Authors: Pati Debajyoti
Published: March 2020

Purpose:

The purpose of this article is to conceptually discuss moderator and mediator models in healthcare design studies.

Background:

Healthcare outcomes are many times the result of meaningful interactions between multiple factors from different domains such as physical design, operations, culture, psychology, physiology, and social, among others. Simple multivariate models may not (a) capture these intricate relationships, (b) provide predictive precision, and (c) optimize arguments behind design decisions.

Methods:

A review of text books and publications on research methods was conducted, along with a review of completed research studies to identify appropriate examples for articulation.

Results:

An analysis of a nonrandom sample of completed healthcare design studies demonstrates the potential benefits of developing and testing moderator and mediator models in healthcare design studies.

Conclusions:

Moderator and mediator models may help optimize multifaceted solutions that include simultaneous and parallel interventions in the physical, operational, cultural, psychological, physiological, social, and/or other environments hypothesized to play a role in the outcome of interest.
Marx’s law of value: a critique of David Harvey
Authors: Roberts Michael
Published: March 2020

In 2018, Professor David Harvey, the human geographer and the eminent scholar of Marx’s works and their modern relevance, wrote a short paper entitled ‘Marx’s refusal of the labour theory of value’. In this paper, Harvey presents a series of theoretical confusions. The dual nature of value in a commodity is ignored by him. So Marx’s theory of crisis (based on insufficient surplus value) is replaced with insufficient use values for workers as consumers. The class struggle becomes not workers versus capitalists, but consumers versus capitalists or taxpayers versus governments. This is confusing to a class analysis and strategy for the working-class struggle.
Open Treatment of Mandibular Condyle by Direct Transparotid Approach: Our Experience
Authors: Basha Mohammed Salman , AlAithan Hussain , Firdoose Nyer
Published: March 2020

The fractures of the mandibular condyle are commonly encountered in maxillofacial surgical practice. The controversies to open or not to open are still ongoing. We have used both techniques, to successfully manage our patients. Open treatment of condyle fracture with or without dislocation is technically challenging. We used a “Direct Transparotid” approach in treating 13 condyle fractures over a period of 4 years. The patients were evaluated for facial nerve injury, salivary fistula, scar, function, and occlusion over a period of 12 months. There were no major complications with acceptable scar, both intraoperatively and postoperatively. The script aims at presenting our experience of direct transparotid approach surgical technique.
Outcome of inter-hospital transfer versus direct admission for primary percutaneous coronary intervention: An observational study of 25,315 patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction from the London Heart Attack Group
Authors: Rathod Krishnaraj S , Jain Ajay K , Firoozi Sam , Lim Pitt , Boyle Richard , Nevett Jo , Dalby Miles C , Kalra Sundeep , Malik Iqbal S , Sirker Alexander , Mathur Anthony , Redwood Simon , MacCarthy Philip A , Wragg Andrew , Jones Daniel A
Published: March 2020

Background and aims:

In patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), mortality is directly related to time to reperfusion with guidelines recommending patients be delivered directly to centres for primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The aim of this study was to describe the impact of inter-hospital transfer on reperfusion time and to assess whether or not treatment delays influenced clinical outcomes in comparison with direct admission to a primary PCI centre in a large regional network.

Method and results:

We undertook an observational cohort study of patients with STEMI treated with primary PCI between 2005 and 2015 in London, UK. Patient details were recorded at the time of the procedure in databases using the British Cardiovascular Intervention Society PCI dataset. The primary end-point was all-cause mortality at a median of 4.1 years (interquartile range: 2.2–5.8 years). Secondary outcomes were in-hospital major adverse cardiac events. Of 25,315 patients, 17,560 (69.4%) were admitted directly to a primary PCI centre and 7755 (31.6%) were transferred from a non-primary PCI centre. Patients in the direct admission group were older and more likely to have left ventricular impairment compared with the inter-hospital transfer group. Median time from call for help to reperfusion in transferred patients was 52 minutes longer compared with patients admitted directly (p <0.001). However, call to first hospital admission was similar. Kaplan–Meier analysis demonstrated significantly lower mortality rates in patients who were transferred directed to a primary PCI centre compared with patients who were transferred from a non-PCI centre (17.4% direct vs. 18.7% transfer, p=0.017). Furthermore, after propensity matching, direct admission for primary PCI was still a predictor of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio: 0.89, 95% confidence interval: 0.64–0.95).

Conclusions:

In this large registry of over 25,000 STEMI patients treated by primary PCI survival was better in patients admitted directly to a cardiac centre versus patients transferred for primary PCI, most likely due to longer call to balloon times in patient transferred from other hospitals.
Basic Opioid Pharmacology — An Update
Authors: James Arul , Williams John
Published: March 2020

Opioids are a group of analgesic agents commonly used in clinical practice. The three classical opioid receptors are MOP, DOP and KOP. The NOP (N/OFQ) receptor is considered to be a non-opioid branch of the opioid receptor family. Opioid receptors are G-protein-coupled receptors which cause cellular hyperpolarisation when bound to opioid agonists. Opioids may be classified according to their mode of synthesis into alkaloids, semi-synthetic and synthetic compounds. Opioid use disorder (OUD) is an emerging issue and important lessons can be learnt from the United States where opioid epidemic was declared as a national emergency in 2017.