bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The probiotic Lactobacillus casei Zhang-mediated correction of gut dysbiosis ameliorates peritoneal fibrosis by suppressing macrophage-related inflammation via the butyrate/PPAR-γ/NF-κB pathway
Authors: Wu Zhongcai , Zuo Xuezhi , Wang Xiuru , Shi Mengxia , Zhu Han , Cao Chujin , Liu Xiaoqin , Liang Wangqun , Yao Ying , Wang Le
Published: July 2023

Peritoneal fibrosis is a complication of long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD) that restricts its clinical application for the treatment of end-stage renal disease.
Solution-processed orange and white OLEDs sensitized by an electroactive pure organic room-temperature phosphorescent polymer
Authors: Tian Yiting , He Renze , Meng Guoyun , Wang Shumeng , Zhao Lei , Ding Junqiao
Published: July 2023

This work demonstrated solution-processed phosphorescence-sensitized fluorescence (PSF) with P(DMPAc-O-TPTrz) as the RTP sensitizer for TBRb. By facilely tuning the doping ratio of TBRb, efficient orange and white OLEDs are achieved.
Layered polymer composite foams for broadband ultra-low reflectance EMI shielding: a computationally guided fabrication approach
Authors: Ma Li , Wei Linfeng , Hamidinejad Mahdi , Park Chul B.
Published: July 2023

This study presents a computationally guided approach for producing layered PVDF composite foams with absorption-based EMI shielding capabilities. It systematically analyzes the impact of thickness, nanofiller, and microstructures on EM properties.
Strategies for targeted gene delivery using lipid nanoparticles and cell-derived nanovesicles
Authors: Lee Dong-yup , Amirthalingam Sivashanmugam , Lee Changyub , Rajendran Arun Kumar , Ahn Young-Hyun , Hwang Nathaniel S.
Published: July 2023

This review article discusses the latest formulation methodologies and strategies for the targeted delivery of lipid nanoparticles and cell-derived nanovesicles to achieve efficient gene transfection with minimized side effects.
Visible-light-mediated α-amino alkylation of ketimines and aldimines for the synthesis of 1,2-diamines
Authors: Mei Yuru , Zhang Tiexin , Hao Xinyu , Jin Kun , Zhang Rong , Duan Chunying , Li Yaming
Published: July 2023

Visible-light-mediated α-amino alkylation of ketimines and aldimines for the synthesis of 1,2-diamines and gram-scale reactions.
Site-selective olefinic C–H cyanation via alkenyl sulfonium salts
Authors: Ma Juan , Lin Jie , Huang Zilong , Wu Ping , Zhou Yong-Gui , Yu Zhengkun
Published: July 2023

A chemo- and regioselective olefinic C–H cyanation strategy was developed via alkenyl sulfonium salts with CuCN, affording alkenyl nitriles by a site-selective interrupted Pummerer activation/palladium-catalyzed olefinic C(sp2)–S cyanation sequence.
Unsaturated polyurethanes degradable by conjugate substitution reactions with amines and carboxylate anions
Authors: Noda Takumi , Tanaka Anri , Akae Yosuke , Kohsaka Yasuhiro
Published: July 2023

Methacrylate skeletons substituted with phenyl and carbamate groups at the allylic position are excellent decomposition points that induce selective and quantitative main chain scission with weak nucleophiles such as acetate anions.
Smart fibers and textiles for emerging clothe-based wearable electronics: materials, fabrications and applications
Authors: Hou Zhichao , Liu Xuhua , Tian Mingwei , Zhang Xueji , Qu Lijun , Fan Tingting , Miao Jinlei
Published: July 2023

The emerging smart fibers and textiles have been regarded as ideal building blocks to weave flexible and wearable electronics, which hold great promise in the upcoming artificial intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT) era.
Continuous synthesis of all-inorganic low-dimensional bismuth-based metal halides Cs4MnBi2Cl12 from reversible precursors Cs3BiCl6 and Cs3Bi2Cl9 under phase engineering
Authors: Zhao Chunli , Gao Yuan , Qiu Jianbei
Published: July 2023

Continuous synthesis of all-inorganic, low-dimensional, bismuth-based metal halides Cs4MnBi2Cl12 with high PLQY from reversible precursors Cs3BiCl6 and Cs3Bi2Cl9 under phase engineering and application of an orange light source.
Long-Term Effects of Early Communication Interventions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Pak Natalie S. , Chow Jason C. , Dillehay Kelsey M. , Kaiser Ann P.
Published: July 2023

Purpose:

Early language and communication interventions for children with language impairments have been shown to be effective in assessments administered immediately after treatment. The purpose of the current systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the overall durability of those effects over time and whether durability was related to outcome type, etiology of child language impairments, implementer of intervention, magnitude of posttest effects, time between intervention and follow-up, and study risk of bias.

Method:

We conducted a systematic search of online databases and reference lists to identify experimental and quasi-experimental group design studies. All studies tested the effects of early communication interventions at least 3 months post-intervention. Participants were children 0–5 years old with language impairments. Coders identified study features and rated methodological quality indicators for all studies. Effect sizes at long-term timepoints and associations with potential moderators were estimated using multilevel meta-analysis with robust variance estimation.

Results:

Twenty studies with 129 long-term outcome effect sizes met inclusion criteria. Studies included children with developmental language disorders or language impairment associated with autism. The overall average effect size was small and significant (
g
= .22,
p
= .002). Effect size estimates were larger for prelinguistic outcomes (
g
= .36,
p
< .001) than for linguistic outcomes (
g
= .14,
p
= .101). Significant factors were the posttest effect sizes, the risk of bias for randomized trials, and etiology of language impairment for linguistic outcomes. Time post-intervention did not significantly predict long-term effect sizes.

Conclusions:

Outcomes of early language and communication interventions appear to persist for at least several months post-intervention. More research is needed with collection and evaluation of long-term outcomes, a focus on measurement, and consistency of primary study reporting.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.23589648
Asymmetries in random motions of neutral hydrogen gas in spiral galaxies
Authors: Adamczyk P. , Amram P. , Chemin L. , Epinat B. , Braine J. , Combes F. , de Blok W. J. G.
Published: July 2023

Context. The velocity dispersion ellipsoid of gas in galactic discs is usually assumed to be isotropic. Under this approximation, no projection effect occurs in the random motions of gas, as traced by the line-of-sight velocity dispersion. However, it has been recently shown that random motions of the neutral hydrogen gas of the Triangulum galaxy (M 33) exhibit a bisymmetric perturbation which is aligned with the minor axis of the galaxy, suggesting a projection effect.

Aims. To investigate if perturbations in the velocity dispersion of nearby discs are comparable to those of M 33, the sample is extended to 32 galaxies from The H I Nearby Galaxy Survey (THINGS) and the Westerbork H I Survey of Spiral and Irregular Galaxies (WHISP).

Methods. We studied velocity asymmetries in the disc planes by performing Fourier transforms of high-resolution H I velocity dispersion maps corrected for beam-smearing effects, and we measured the amplitudes and phase angles of the Fourier harmonics.

Results. In all velocity dispersion maps, we find strong perturbations of first, second, and fourth orders. The strongest asymmetry is the bisymmetry, which is predominantly associated with the presence of spiral arms. The first order asymmetry is generally orientated close to the disc major axis, and the second and fourth order asymmetries are preferentially orientated along intermediate directions between the major and minor axes of the discs. These results are evidence that strong projection effects shape the H I velocity dispersion maps. The most likely source of systematic orientations is the anisotropy of velocities, through the projection of streaming motions that are stronger along one of the planar directions in the discs. Moreover, systematic phase angles of asymmetries in the H I velocity dispersion could arise from tilted velocity ellipsoids, that is when the velocities are correlated. We expect a larger incidence of correlation between the radial and tangential velocities of H I gas with |ρRθ|∼0.6, which could be tested against the kinematics of the youngest stellar populations of the Milky Way.

Conclusions. H I velocity dispersions cannot be considered devoid of projection effects. The systematic orientations of asymmetries can be explained by the projection of unresolved streaming motions mainly arising from spiral arms. Our methodology is a powerful tool to constrain the dominant direction of streaming motions and thus the shape of the velocity ellipsoid of H I gas, which is de facto anisotropic at the angular scales probed by the observations. The next step is to study the shape of the velocity ellipsoids of molecular and ionised gas and their link with galaxy mass and/or morphology, in addition to extending the sample size.
The bright blue side of the night sky: Spectroscopic survey of bright and hot (pre-) white dwarfs
Authors: Reindl Nicole , Islami Ramazan , Werner Klaus , Kepler S. O. , Pritzkuleit Max , Dawson Harry , Dorsch Matti , Istrate Alina , Pelisoli Ingrid , Geier Stephan , Uzundag Murat , Provencal Judith , Justham Stephen
Published: July 2023

We report on the spectroscopic confirmation of 68 new bright (G = 13.5–17.2 mag) and blue (pre-)white dwarfs (WDs). This finding has allowed us to almost double the number of the hottest (Teff ≥ 60 kK) known WDs brighter than G = 16 mag. We increased the number of known ultra-high excitation (UHE) WDs by 20%, found one unambiguous close binary system consisting of one DA WD with an irradiated low-mass companion, one DAO, and one DOA WD that are likely in their transformation phase of becoming pure DA WDs, one rare, naked O(H) star, two DA and two DAO WDs with Teff possibly in excess of 100 kK, three new DOZ WDs, and three of our targets are central stars of (possible) planetary nebulae. Using non-local thermodynamic equilibrium models, we derived the atmospheric parameters of these stars and by fitting their spectral energy distribution we derived their radii, luminosities, and gravity masses. In addition, we derived their masses in the Kiel and Hertzsprung-Russell diagram (HRD). We find that Kiel, HRD, and gravity mass agree only in half of the cases. This is not unexpected and we attribute this to the neglect of metal opacities, possibly stratified atmospheres, as well as possible uncertainties of the parallax zero point determination. Furthermore, we carried out a search for photometric variability in our targets using archival data, finding that 26% of our targets are variable. This includes 15 new variable stars, with only one of them being clearly an irradiation effect system. Strikingly, the majority of the variable stars exhibit non-sinusoidal light-curve shapes, which are unlikely explained in terms of close binary systems. We propose that a significant fraction of all (not just UHE) WDs develop spots when entering the WD cooling phase. We suggest that this could be related to the on-set of weak magnetic fields and possibly diffusion.
A comparison of generalized extreme value, gumbel, and log-pearson distributions for the development of intensity duration frequency curves. A case study in Costa Rica
Authors: Mendez Maikel , Calvo-Valverde Luis-Alexander , Hidalgo-Madriz Jorge-Andrés , Araya-Obando José-Andrés
Published: July 2023

Global warming has already affected frequency and intensity of extreme rainfall events. This makes the evaluation of current and alternative statistical distributions used in the formulation of Intensity Duration Frequency curves (IDF) curves highly relevant. This study aims to evaluate the suitability of applying the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) and the Log-Pearson type 3 (LP3) probability distributions against the traditionally used Gumbel (EV1) distribution to derive IDF curves for a flood prone area located in northern Costa Rica. A ranking system based on a normalized total-score from five metrics was implemented to identify the best distribution. GEV proved to be the most suitable distribution for most storm-durations and was therefore selected for development of the IDF curves with return periods ranging from 2 to 100 years. As return periods get longer however, deviations between rainfall estimates obtained get more prominent. Hence, a meticulous analysis of adjustment to select the most adequate probability distribution to estimate extreme events with return periods of 50 years or more should be undertaken, regardless of GEV or any other distribution. Results also reinforce the need to identify the distribution that best fits observed data for a particular weather station, especially when time-series are asymmetric.
Preliminary study of interconnection midst lighting parameters on LED billboard assessment in brightly lit urban area case study
Authors: Wahyu Hafizh Faishal , Alkadri Miktha Farid
Published: July 2023

Development of digital media screen technologies cause urban area changes as communication medium by application of media façade which utilizes LED billboard mounting on buildings facade. But, several studies pointed out that LED billboards have several negative impact which come from flashy luminance and exaggerated contrast. It can distract people which can potentially leads into accidents. Accordingly, some researches have already addressed lighting assessment on LED billboard, but it more to focus on luminance evaluation and recommendation within predominant case study on roadside context with simple characteristic on surroundings lighting properties. Hence, this study aims to focus on parameters interconnection in brightly lit urban area context. The findings result the preliminary classification, relation, and role of parameters which essential on LED billboards assessment specifically on complex urban area.
Zermelo navigation problems on surfaces of revolution and geometric optimal control
Authors: Bonnard Bernard , Cots Olivier , Wembe Boris
Published: July 2023

In this article, the historical study from Carathéodory-Zermelo about computing the quickest nautical path is generalized to Zermelo navigation problems on surfaces of revolution, in the frame of geometric optimal control. Using the Maximum Principle, we present two methods dedicated to analyzing the geodesic flow and to compute the conjugate and cut loci. We apply these calculations to investigate case studies related to applications in hydrodynamics, space mechanics and geometry.
Four Layer 2-4 Slot Metamaterial Based Cross Polarization Converter
Authors: B. Arathy Krishnan , R. Pradeep
Published: July 2023

Metamaterial was one of the major tool in the design of polarization conversion. Cross polarization converter was one of the important part of electromagnetic wave manipulation device.The metamaterial for the cross polarization converter was formed by using multi-layer split ring resonator. Also cross polarization converter was more beneficial in the area of communication, imaging, anti interference, etc. This paper was about the design of a four layer 2-4 slot cross polarization converter and its array. Compare the Bandwidth, polarization convertion ratio(PCR), Radar cross section(RCS).
Behandlung depressiver Störungen mittels nicht invasiver Neuromodulation
Authors: Buthut Maria , Haslacher David , Soekadar Surjo R.
Published: July 2023

Zur evidenzbasierten Behandlung depressiver Störungen gehören neben pharmako- und psychotherapeutischen Ansätzen auch nicht invasive Neuromodulationsverfahren. Während die Elektrokrampftherapie (EKT) in der Öffentlichkeit am bekanntesten ist, sind andere Techniken wie die transkranielle elektrische oder magnetische Stimulation (TES/TMS) weniger bekannt, auch in Fachkreisen, obwohl beispielsweise die TMS in verschiedene Behandlungsleitlinien aufgenommen wurde. Innovative Ansätze zur gezielten Modulation neuronaler Aktivität, wie die Closed-loop-Neuromodulation, bei der die Stimulationsparameter kontinuierlich an die aktuelle Hirnaktivität angepasst werden, sowie die transkranielle fokussierte Ultraschallstimulation (tFUS) und temporale Interferenzstimulation (TIS), die eine gezielte Stimulation tiefer Hirnregionen ermöglichen sollen, versprechen neue Perspektiven für die Behandlung depressiver Störungen.
Psychedelikagestützte Psychotherapie in der Behandlung depressiver Störungen
Authors: Becher Lilith , Nanni Federico , Koslowski Michael
Published: July 2023

In den letzten Jahren wurde ein Anstieg depressiver Erkrankungen innerhalb der deutschen Bevölkerung verzeichnet 1. Dabei sprechen ca. 30 % der Patienten nicht ausreichend auf die Behandlung mit verschiedenen Antidepressiva an und gelten somit als therapieresistent 2. Psychedelika wie Psilocybin stellen einen vielversprechenden Therapieansatz in der Behandlung der Depression dar. Der Einsatz von Psychedelika in Therapie und Forschung wurde Anfang der 1970er-Jahre durch die Eingruppierung als Betäubungsmittel stark erschwert und ist erst in den 1990er-Jahren wieder aufgenommen worden.

In diesem Artikel wird der Stand der Forschung zur psychedelikaassistierten Psychotherapie vorgestellt. Ein besonderes Augenmerk wird dabei auf die Forschung zu psychedelikagestützter Psychotherapie bei depressiven Störungen gelegt, gefolgt von einem Ausblick.
Empirical analysis of tourist satisfaction of leisure farms: evidence from Qing Jing Farms, Taiwan
Authors: Wang Cong , Hao Yuanyuan
Published: July 2023

Tourist satisfaction is an important factor in improving the operating efficiency of leisure farms, which is of great significance in improving the service quality and management level of tourist destinations. In this paper, a Questionnaire survey was adopted to investigate the satisfaction degree of tourists to the products and services of Qingjing Farm and to verify the index system. It is one of the most widely used and important research methods. We discussed the satisfaction difference of tourists on various influencing factors of Qingjing Farm. The results show: (1) leisure farms provide tourists with popular tourism products with universal applicability. (2) Tourists of Qingjing Farm have a high degree of satisfaction with leisure farm resources, ticket prices and services. Leisure farms can improve the service level by increasing the richness and safety of tourists’ experience activities. (3) Tourists generally believe that the commodity price in scenic spot is high. The product is relatively simple and requires innovation. Most tourists think that the ticket price is reasonable. In the end, we clarified which aspects are worth learning from and which need to be improved in operation management. The research has certain enlightenment and reference significance for the development of Chinese rural tourism.
Hemodynamics of thrombus formation in intracranial aneurysms: An in silico observational study
Authors: Liu Qiongyao , Sarrami-Foroushani Ali , Wang Yongxing , MacRaild Michael , Kelly Christopher , Lin Fengming , Xia Yan , Song Shuang , Ravikumar Nishant , Patankar Tufail , Taylor Zeike A. , Lassila Toni , Frangi Alejandro F.
Published: July 2023

How prevalent is spontaneous thrombosis in a population containing all sizes of intracranial aneurysms? How can we calibrate computational models of thrombosis based on published data? How does spontaneous thrombosis differ in normo- and hypertensive subjects? We address the first question through a thorough analysis of published datasets that provide spontaneous thrombosis rates across different aneurysm characteristics. This analysis provides data for a subgroup of the general population of aneurysms, namely, those of large and giant size (>10 mm). Based on these observed spontaneous thrombosis rates, our computational modeling platform enables the first in silico observational study of spontaneous thrombosis prevalence across a broader set of aneurysm phenotypes. We generate 109 virtual patients and use a novel approach to calibrate two trigger thresholds: residence time and shear rate, thus addressing the second question. We then address the third question by utilizing this calibrated model to provide new insight into the effects of hypertension on spontaneous thrombosis. We demonstrate how a mechanistic thrombosis model calibrated on an intracranial aneurysm cohort can help estimate spontaneous thrombosis prevalence in a broader aneurysm population. This study is enabled through a fully automatic multi-scale modeling pipeline. We use the clinical spontaneous thrombosis data as an indirect population-level validation of a complex computational modeling framework. Furthermore, our framework allows exploration of the influence of hypertension in spontaneous thrombosis. This lays the foundation for in silico clinical trials of cerebrovascular devices in high-risk populations, e.g., assessing the performance of flow diverters in aneurysms for hypertensive patients.
Localized creation of yellow single photon emitting carbon complexes in hexagonal boron nitride
Authors: Kumar Anand , Cholsuk Chanaprom , Zand Ashkan , Mishuk Mohammad N. , Matthes Tjorben , Eilenberger Falk , Suwanna Sujin , Vogl Tobias
Published: July 2023

Single photon emitters in solid-state crystals have received a lot of attention as building blocks for numerous quantum technology applications. Fluorescent defects in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) stand out due to their high luminosity and robust operation at room temperature. The fabrication of identical emitters at pre-defined sites is still challenging, which hampers the integration of these defects in optical systems and electro-optical devices. Here, we demonstrate the localized fabrication of hBN emitter arrays by electron beam irradiation using a standard scanning electron microscope with deep sub-micron lateral precision. The emitters are created with a high yield and a reproducible spectrum peaking at 575 nm. Our measurements of optically detected magnetic resonance have not revealed any addressable spin states. Using density functional theory, we attribute the experimentally observed emission lines to carbon-related defects, which are activated by the electron beam. Our scalable approach provides a promising pathway for fabricating room temperature single photon emitters in integrated quantum devices.
Tpx3Cam applications: 3D momentum reconstruction based on analytic time-walk correction and noise reduction
Authors: Hua Xiaohong , Guo Yuliang , Wang Xincheng , Shen Zhenjie , Zhang Yizhu , Qin Chaochao , Yan Tian-Min , Li Shuai , Jiang Yuhai
Published: July 2023

Tpx3Cam is a newly developed time-stamped camera. With the ability to record the arrival time and position of each event simultaneously, it becomes a powerful tool in atomic and molecular research. As an inherent weakness, the time-walk effect resulting in a deviation in the arrival time is a major obstacle in improving the experimental resolution and reconstruction of momentum along the time-of-flight. We developed an analytic expression to describe and correct the time-walk effect, which is independent of different fragments once the parameters of the spectrometer, the microchannel plate (MCP), the phosphor screen, and the Tpx3Cam, such as voltages on the spectrometer and MCP, are fixed. With the time-walk correction, 3D momentum distributions of N+ and N2+ from the N2 molecule’s Coulomb explosion were well extracted, paving a way for filming molecular dynamics in three dimensions with time-stamped velocity map imaging. Simultaneously, a denoising method based on data filtering is presented for Tpx3Cam.
Surface modification using automatic, transportable, single-wavelength UV treatment system for formation of surfaces with high adhesion
Authors: Tajima Kazuki , Kubota Takashi , Watanabe Hiroshi
Published: July 2023

Multi-material structures have become increasingly prevalent in recent years, particularly in the automotive and optical device industries. Achieving a strong bond between different materials in these structures is essential, and surface modification is a key step in achieving this bond. Common surface treatment methods include plasma, flame, blasting, and light treatment, but these high-energy methods can sometimes damage the substrate, which is especially problematic in the case of optical devices. Therefore, there is a need for milder surface treatment methods. To address this issue, researchers have developed a custom-made ultraviolet (UV) surface treatment system with an automatic transporter. They investigated the effects of surface modification on indium tin oxide/glass substrates and found that after ∼5 min of treatment with their system, the water contact angle (which is required for coating processes) was reduced, indicating successful surface modification. This was confirmed by narrow-scan x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements, which showed a decay of the C1s peak. The developed UV treatment method is expected to be a useful surface treatment option for adherends in various multi-material structures, particularly those in the optical device industry where substrate damage must be avoided.
Effect of 3D submerged jet shape on maximum pressure of plunge pool bottom
Authors: Xia Pengfei , Hao Hongke , Feng Hongliang , Song Kai , Liu Wen
Published: July 2023

Maximum pressure is one of the key factors that affect jet scouring. Previous studies have focused on the attenuation characteristics of the submerged jet, but there are few studies on the influence of the nappe shape on the pressure of the plunge pool. In this paper, a combination of numerical simulation and physical experiments was used to determine the influence on the maximum pressure of the vertical rectangular submerged jet with different aspect ratios (1, 3, 5, 8, 11.25, 15, and 20), incident flow velocity, and water depth on the plunge pool bottom. The hydraulic diameter, D, of the entering interface was proposed to measure the degree of dispersion of the nappe, based on which an empirical formula for the maximum pressure on the plunge pool bottom was obtained. By applying the formula to other shapes of jets (rhombuses, triangles, circles, ellipses, etc.), higher precision calculation results were also obtained, and the formula calculation results were in good agreement with the test results of the existing literature.
Performance of operational fire spread models in California
Authors: Cardil Adrián , Monedero Santiago , SeLegue Phillip , Navarrete Miguel Ángel , de-Miguel Sergio , Purdy Scott , Marshall Geoff , Chavez Tim , Allison Kristen , Quilez Raúl , Ortega Macarena , Silva Carlos A. , Ramirez Joaquin
Published: July 2023

Background Wildfire simulators allow estimating fire spread and behaviour in complex environments, supporting planning and analysis of incidents in real time. However, uncertainty derived from input data quality and model inherent inaccuracies may undermine the utility of such predictions. Aims We assessed the performance of fire spread models for initial attack incidents used in California through the analysis of the rate of spread (ROS) of 1853 wildfires. Methods We retrieved observed fire growth from the FireGuard (FG) database, ran an automatic simulation with Wildfire Analyst Enterprise and assessed the accuracy of the simulations by comparing observed and predicted ROS with well-known error and bias metrics, analysing the main factors influencing accuracy. Key results The model errors and biases were reasonable for simulations performed automatically. We identified environmental variables that may bias ROS predictions, especially in timber areas where some fuel models underestimated ROS. Conclusions The fire spread models’ performance for California is in line with studies developed in other regions and the models are accurate enough to be used in real time to assess initial attack fires. Implications This work allows users to better understand the performance of fire spread models in operational environments and opens new research lines to further improve the performance of current operational models.
Enamel (glassy) coatings for steel protection against high temperature corrosion
Authors: Medvedovski Eugene , Leal Mendoza Gerardo
Published: July 2023

Vitreous ceramic-like enamel coatings can be applied onto low-alloy and carbon steel components of various configurations, including tubulars, by different cost-effective technological methods achieving thicknesses up to 300 µm. Corrosion resistance of the enamel coatings in acidic environments, boiling brines and high temperature – high pressure (HT-HP) steam with a presence of CO2-H2S containing gases simulating some processes in refinery, oil & gas and geothermal production was tested and evaluated. Specifically, the testing in simulating HT-HP downhole production conditions was conducted for the enamel coatings for the first time. Microstructural examination and analysis of the obtained enamel glassy coatings revealed their insignificant compositional and structural degradation. A high level of steel protection by enamelling in considered environments demonstrated these coatings’ potential for different corrosion-related industrial processes.
Realization of 87Rb Bose–Einstein Condensates in Higher Bands of a Hexagonal Boron-Nitride Optical Lattice
Authors: Liu Jin-Yu , Wang Xiao-Qiong , Xu Zhi-Fang
Published: July 2023

Ultracold neutral atoms in higher bands of an optical lattice provide a natural avenue to emulate orbital physics in solid state materials. Here, we report the realization of 87Rb Bose–Einstein condensates in the fourth and seventh Bloch bands of a hexagonal boron-nitride optical lattice, exhibiting remarkably long coherence time through active cooling. Using band mapping spectroscopy, we observe that atoms condensed at the energy minimum of Γ point (K
1 and K
2 points) in the fourth (seventh) band as sharp Bragg peaks. The lifetime for the condensate in the fourth (seventh) band is about 57.6 (4.8) ms, and the phase coherence of atoms in the fourth band persists for a long time larger than 110 ms. Our work thus offers great promise for studying unconventional bosonic superfluidity of neutral atoms in higher bands of optical lattices.
A microplasma device and its switching behavior triggered by modulated pulse signal
Authors: Chen Lichi , Wang Yaogong , Ma Xiaoqin , Liu Zhuoran , Wang Wenjiang , Zhang Xiaoning
Published: July 2023

Since the physical and electrical properties of plasmas are similar to those of semiconductor devices, plasma devices have been proposed to be good candidates for switching controlled devices when applied in harsh environments. In the proposed paper, a microplasma device with a dielectric barrier structure constructed with three electrodes (two driven electrodes and one trigger electrode) is fabricated, and the electrical characteristics of the proposed device are investigated in 2 kPa of argon. From the experimental results, a stable conducting current is obtained through the two driven electrodes in the device due to gas discharge, since the hysteresis characteristic of discharge plasmas (discharge is still maintained when the driven voltage is below the breakdown voltage of the gas because of the existence of residual charge particles), the device can be switched from the OFF to ON state through pre-discharge by a pulse applied to the trigger electrode. While in the device ON state, this trigger voltage attracts channel charged particles to the surface of the dielectric layer, quenching the discharge plasma current and the device can be switched from ON to OFF state. The trigger pulse that makes the device switch successfully goes from single to continuous up to 80 kHz. The influence of pulse parameters on the switching process is also investigated, pulse amplitude and pulse width are found to be important to determine whether the device can switch ON or OFF, peak current after switching, and the response speed of switching ON current; however, these switching parameters are barely affected by the rise and fall time of the pulse. The results are significant for the application of microplasma switching devices.
Upper and lower bounds for the speed of fronts of the reaction diffusion equation with Stefan boundary conditions
Authors: Benguria R D , Depassier M C
Published: July 2023

We establish two integral variational principles for the spreading speed of the one dimensional reaction diffusion equation with Stefan boundary conditions. The first principle is valid for monostable reaction terms and the second principle is valid for arbitrary reaction terms. These principles allow to obtain several upper and lower bounds for the speed. In particular, we construct a generalized Zeldovich–Frank–Kamenetskii type lower bound for the speed and upper bounds in terms of the speed of the standard reaction diffusion problem. We construct asymptotically exact lower bounds previously obtained by perturbation theory.
Three-dimensional ultrasound image reconstruction based on 3D-ResNet in the musculoskeletal system using a 1D probe: ex vivo and in vivo feasibility studies
Authors: Zou Qin , Huang Yuqing , Gao Junling , Zhang Bo , Wang Diya , Wan Mingxi
Published: July 2023

Objective. Three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound (US) is needed to provide sonographers with a more intuitive panoramic view of the complex anatomical structure, especially the musculoskeletal system. In actual scanning, sonographers may perform fast scanning using a one-dimensional (1D) array probe .at random angles to gain rapid feedback, which leads to a large US image interval and missing regions in the reconstructed volume. Approach. In this study, a 3D residual network (3D-ResNet) modified by a 3D global residual branch (3D-GRB) and two 3D local residual branches (3D-LRBs) was proposed to retain detail and reconstruct high-quality 3D US volumes with high efficiency using only sparse two-dimensional (2D) US images. The feasibility and performance of the proposed algorithm were evaluated on ex vivo and in vivo sets. Main r
esults. High-quality 3D US volumes in the fingers, radial and ulnar bones, and metacarpophalangeal joints were obtained by the 3D-ResNet, respectively. Their axial, coronal, and sagittal slices exhibited rich texture and speckle details. Compared with kernel regression, voxel nearest-neighborhood, squared distance weighted methods, and a 3D convolution neural network in the ablation study, the mean peak-signal-to-noise ratio and mean structure similarity of the 3D-ResNet were up to 28.53 ± 1.29 dB and 0.98 ± 0.01, respectively, and the corresponding mean absolute error dropped to 0.023 ± 0.003 with a better resolution gain of 1.22 ± 0.19 and shorter reconstruction time. Significance. These results illustrate that the proposed algorithm can rapidly reconstruct high-quality 3D US volumes in the musculoskeletal system in cases of a large amount of data loss. This suggests that the proposed algorithm has the potential to provide rapid feedback and precise analysis of stereoscopic details in complex and meticulous musculoskeletal system scanning with a less limited scanning speed and pose variations for the 1D array probe.
Deep learning optimal quantum annealing schedules for random Ising models
Authors: Hegde Pratibha Raghupati , Passarelli Gianluca , Cantele Giovanni , Lucignano Procolo
Published: July 2023

A crucial step in the race towards quantum advantage is optimizing quantum annealing using ad-hoc annealing schedules. Motivated by recent progress in the field, we propose to employ long-short term memory neural networks to automate the search for optimal annealing schedules for random Ising models on regular graphs. By training our network using locally-adiabatic annealing paths, we are able to predict optimal annealing schedules for unseen instances and even larger graphs than those used for training.
A new method for characterizing the heat transfer capacity of the divertor and high heat flux components
Authors: Lin Qianqian , Cao Lei , Zhuang Qing , Mou Nanyu , Han Le , Yao Damao
Published: July 2023

The divertor is usually exposed to extreme incident heat flux conditions in nuclear fusion engineering and its ability to remove the heat is extremely crucial for the safe operation of magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device. The evaluation of the heat removal capacity of the divertor has been always based on high heat flux (HHF) tests. Yet such methods are only available for the small size of experimental components, it is more difficult to compare under different loading and cooling conditions. In order to assess the heat removal capacity in real time and accurately, a new method was developed to characterize the heat removal capacity of the divertor and other high heat load components based on the cooling water thermal decay time constant, the time constants model has also been established. The thermal decay time constant was obtained by fitting the characteristic curves of the water temperature differences with time during the cooling phase of different components under HHF tests. This index is used to quantitatively analyze, characterize and evaluate the heat transfer capacity of the system of the divertor.
Meta-learning digitized-counterdiabatic quantum optimization
Authors: Chandarana Pranav , Vieites Pablo Suárez , Hegade Narendra N , Solano Enrique , Ban Yue , Chen Xi
Published: July 2023

The use of variational quantum algorithms for optimization tasks has emerged as a crucial application for the current noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers. However, these algorithms face significant difficulties in finding suitable ansatz and appropriate initial parameters. In this paper, we employ meta-learning using recurrent neural networks to address these issues for the recently proposed digitized-counterdiabatic quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA). By combining meta-learning and counterdiabaticity, we find suitable variational parameters and reduce the number of optimization iterations required. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by applying it to the MaxCut problem and the Sherrington–Kirkpatrick model. Our method offers a short-depth circuit ansatz with optimal initial parameters, thus improving the performance of the state-of-the-art QAOA.
Decay dynamics of a giant atom in a structured bath with broken time-reversal symmetry
Authors: Du Lei , Chen Yao-Tong , Zhang Yan , Li Yong , Wu Jin-Hui
Published: July 2023

We study in this paper the decay dynamics of a two-level giant atom, which is coupled to a quasi-one-dimensional sawtooth lattice exposed to uniform synthetic magnetic fluxes. In the case where the two sublattices have a large detuning, the giant atom is effectively coupled to a single-band structured bath with flux-controlled energy band and time-reversal symmetry. This feature significantly affects the decay dynamics of the giant atom as well as the propagation of the emitted photon. In particular, the giant atom can exhibit chiral spontaneous emission and allow for nonreciprocal delayed light, which are however unattainable by coupling a small atom to this lattice. Giant atoms with different frequencies can be designed to emit photons towards different directions and with different group velocities. Our results pave the way towards engineering quantum networks and manipulating giant-atom interference effects.
Evaluation of electrical properties of graphene nanopowder-dispersed propylene glycol-water solutions
Authors: Surakasi Raviteja , Sekhar Gedela Chandra , Pakalapati Janaki , Pakalapati Ramya , Rafeeq Mohd
Published: July 2023

Nanofluids, which are suspensions of nanoparticles in base fluids, have gained significant attention in recent years due to their enhanced thermal and electrical properties. In particular, propylene glycol-water nanofluids have been extensively investigated for their electrical properties. The primary goal of this study is to evaluate the electrical characteristics of nanofluids containing graphene powder distributed in propylene glycol-water. Compositions containing 100:0, 75:25, as well as 50:50 of Propylene Glycol as well as Water were created, along with other nano fluids. Both types of base fluids were infused with graphene at quantities of 0.25 as well as 0.5 percent, respectively. The assessment of electrical characteristics in nanofluids includes the analysis of parameters like breakdown voltage, permittivity, resistivity, and electrical conductivity. With the increase in the diameter there is an increase in the value of resistivity with the dispersion of graphene nano powder whereas breakdown voltage, permittivity and electrical conductivity have been decreased with the increase in the diameter. Overall with the dispersion of graphene in nano powder the electrical properties have been enhanced. Furthermore, it discusses the underlying mechanisms and provides insights into potential applications of propylene glycol-water nanofluids in electrical and electronic systems.
Helitronics as a potential building block for classical and unconventional computing
Authors: Bechler N T , Masell J
Published: July 2023

Magnetic textures are promising candidates for unconventional computing due to their non-linear dynamics. We propose to investigate the rich variety of seemingly trivial lamellar magnetic phases, e.g. helical, spiral, stripy phase, or other one-dimensional soliton lattices. These are the natural stray field-free ground states of almost every magnet. The order parameters of these phases may be of potential interest for both classical and unconventional computing, which we refer to as helitronics. For the particular case of a chiral magnet and its helical phase, we use micromagnetic simulations to demonstrate the working principles of all-electrical (i) classical binary memory cells and (ii) memristors and artificial synapses, based on the orientation of the helical stripes.
LPF: a framework for exploring the wing color pattern formation of ladybird beetles in Python
Authors: Lee Daewon
Published: July 2023

Biological pattern formation is one of the complex system phenomena in nature, requiring theoretical analysis based on mathematical modeling and computer simulations for in-depth understanding. We propose a Python framework named LPF to systematically explore the highly diverse wing color patterns of ladybirds using reaction-diffusion models. LPF supports GPU-accelerated array computing for numerical analysis of partial differential equation models, concise visualization of ladybird morphs, and evolutionary algorithms for searching mathematical models with deep learning models for computer vision.

Availability and implementation

LPF is available on GitHub at https://github.com/cxinsys/lpf.
O04 HPV8 E6 leads to Lrig1+ keratinocyte stem cell expansion
Authors: Shorning Boris , Morgan Huw J , Olivero Carlotta , Borgogna Cinzia , Gariglio Marisa , Akgul Baki , Patel Girish K
Published: July 2023

Actinic keratoses (AKs) represent the precursor skin lesions in the pathogenesis of up to 82% of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCCs). However, current treatment of AK lesions leads, at best, to only a 75% reduction in cSCCs for 1 year, and relies on therapies using topical chemotherapy, immune stimulants or surgical destruction. We have previously shown that 44% of AK tissue sample histologies contain koilocytes, and genotyping universally identified human papillomavirus 8 (HPV8). To determine the cell signalling basis for HPV8 Lrig1 hair follicle junctional zone keratinocyte stem cell proliferation and expansion, we sought to identify the integral early region gene(s). Skin histology of HPVtg mice expressing individual early-region genes (E2, E4, E6 and E7) identified both E2 and E6 mouse skin as having broadened hair follicle infundibulum. Whole-mount immunofluorescent labelling demonstrated Lrig1 proliferation and expansion in E6 mice only, which we confirmed by flow cytometric analysis. Compared to wild-type (WT) mice, E6 mice Lrig1 flow-sorted cells had lower expression of the differentiation marker keratin 10 but comparable levels of Sox9 and cMyc, consistent with expansion of keratinocyte stem cells, as confirmed by colony-forming efficiency assay (WT 0.05 ± 0.043 vs. E6 0.24 ± 0.11). E6-transduced, but not E7-transduced, HaCaT keratinocytes demonstrated reduced differentiation and increased p63 expression with induced differentiation using calcium shift. Compared to vector control and E7-transduced, E6-transduced HaCaT keratinocytes demonstrated increased migration and colony-forming efficiency but similar proliferation, consistent with greater expression of pSTAT3 and ΔNP63. Ingenuity pathway analysis of previously determined E6 binding partners identified p300 as a regulator of STAT3 activation. Small interfering RNA targeting P300 in E6-transduced HaCaT cells led to a reduction in pSTAT3 and ΔNP63. Pull-down experiments show that E6 bound acetylated p300, which, in turn, led to increased expression of STAT3 regulated genes. The E6K137N mutation in transgenic mice, wherein E6 does not bind p300, do not develop papilloma or cSCC. Our findings show that E6, not E7, as often observed in α-serotype HPV, was responsible for HPV8-induced Lrig1 hair follicle junctional zone keratinocyte stem cell expansion.
O08 Using single-cell transcriptomics to characterize early mechanisms of psoriasis resolution
Authors: Francis Luc , McCluskey Daniel , Ganier Clarisse  , Du-Harpur Xinyi , Baudry David , Dhami Pawan  , Barker Jonathon , Smith Catherine , Capon Francesca  , Mahil Satveer
Published: July 2023

The use of biological drugs targeting the interleukin (IL)-23/IL-17 axis has greatly improved outcomes in people with psoriasis, with an increasing number achieving clear skin (‘remission’). However, the early mechanisms of biologic-induced psoriasis resolution are yet to be fully explored. Longitudinal sampling of resolving disease tissue provides the opportunity to uncover the dynamic cellular and molecular events triggered by these powerful treatments. Identifying the early sequence of events and key drivers underpinning psoriasis resolution may help to guide future treatment strategies. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on skin biopsies from five individuals with psoriasis who achieved remission upon treatment with the exemplar IL23p19 inhibitor biologic risankizumab. We profiled whole skin at baseline, and at days 3 and 14 of treatment. We filtered, integrated, scaled and normalized the scRNA-seq data set using R. Ingenuity pathway analysis and the CellChat R package were used to explore canonical pathways and receptor–ligand interactions, respectively. RNA in situ hybridization (RNA ISH) was used to identify the spatial context of cell populations of interest using three independently ascertained patients, sampled at days 0 and 14 of risankizumab treatment. The final scRNA-seq data set comprised 164 741 cells We identified 39 clusters in whole skin, including keratinocyte, fibroblast, myeloid cell and T-cell subsets. We found marked differences in transcript levels between day 0 and day 3 of biological treatment using differential gene expression analysis, with the largest number of modulated genes observed among fibroblast and myeloid cell types. We identified a novel fibroblast population which was reduced in relative abundance at day 14 of treatment in lesional psoriasis skin and absent in nonlesional skin. Pathway analysis of this fibroblast population showed an association with inflammatory signalling, and receptor–ligand interaction analysis revealed proinflammatory cytokine signalling to differentiated keratinocytes. The presence of this fibroblast population in psoriasis skin was validated by deconvolution of independent, publicly available bulk RNA sequencing data sets. Finally, we confirmed the localization of this fibroblast population in the upper dermis of psoriasis skin and the reduced abundance after 14 days of risankizumab treatment using RNA ISH of lesional skin from three independently ascertained patients. Our findings provide a high-resolution atlas of the early changes in the skin microenvironment of resolving psoriasis. We identify a response in a novel fibroblast population in the early stages of biological treatment. We are currently exploring the role of this fibroblast population as a driver cell type in psoriasis resolution.