bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Energy-efficient scheduling algorithm for real-time job set
Authors: Kuo Chin-Fu , Lu Yung-Feng , Chang Bao-Rong
Published: July 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the scheduling problem of real-time jobs executing on a DVS processor. The jobs must complete their executions by their deadlines and the energy consumption also must be minimized.

Design/methodology/approach

– The two-phase energy-efficient scheduling algorithm is proposed to solve the scheduling problem for real-time jobs. In the off-line phase, the maximum instantaneous total density and instantaneous total density (ITD) are proposed to derive the speed of the processor for each time instance. The derived speeds are saved for run time. In the on-line phase, the authors set the processor speed according to the derived speeds and set a timer to expire at the corresponding end time instance of the used speed.

Findings

– When the DVS processor executes a job at a proper speed, the energy consumption of the system can be minimized.

Research limitations/implications

– This paper does not consider jobs with precedence constraints. It can be explored in the further work.

Practical implications

– The experimental results of the proposed schemes are presented to show the effectiveness.

Originality/value

– The experimental results show that the proposed scheduling algorithm, ITD, can achieve energy saving and make the processor fully utilized.
The perceived value of accessibility in religious sites – do disabled and non-disabled travellers behave differently?
Authors: Gassiot Melian Ariadna , Prats Lluís , Coromina Lluís
Published: July 2016

Purpose

This study aims at exploring whether there are differences in behaviour between people with special access needs and those who do not have these needs at a religious destination. In particular, a comparison is made between the role and structure of the perceived value of accessibility and its effect on satisfaction and loyalty.

Design/methodology/approach

Data are collected using a self-administered questionnaire (n = 523). Information on perceived value of accessibility, satisfaction and loyalty is subjected to confirmatory factor analysis to ensure the reliability and validity of the three components. Structural equation modelling is used to test the hypothesized relationship between these constructs.

Findings

The weight of the items of the perceived value of accessibility is different between the groups analysed and its effects on satisfaction and loyalty are higher among people with access needs.

Research limitations/implications

Results imply that the perceived value of accessibility may be a determinant in predicting satisfaction. Thus, any study addressing the role of accessibility in a destination should take this factor into consideration. At the same time, from a practical point of view, ensuring accessibility will also benefit destinations in providing better experiences. A clear limitation of this study is the use of a convenience sample.

Originality/value

Religious tourism and accessible tourism have been treated as two separate issues in academic literature. However, curative shrines are sites where religious tourism and accessible tourism naturally merge. Hence, the originality of this article lies in its focus on accessible tourism in these religious sites.
Application of the Environmental Impact Classification for Alien Taxa (EICAT) to a global assessment of alien bird impacts
Authors: Evans Thomas , Kumschick Sabrina , Blackburn Tim M.
Published: July 2016

Aim

To apply the recently published EICAT protocol to an assessment of the magnitude of environmental impacts of alien bird species established world‐wide.

Location

Global.

Methods

A review of published literature and online resources was undertaken to collate information on the reported environmental impacts of 415 bird species with self‐sustaining alien populations world‐wide. The resulting data were then categorized following the EICAT guidelines and analysed using R.

Results

Environmental impact data were found for approximately 30% of species with alien populations. Most alien birds had low impacts, categorized as either minimal concern (MC) or minor (MN). However, 37 bird species had moderate (MO) impacts or above, including five with massive (MV) impacts. Almost half of all impacts identified related to competition between alien birds and native species. Impact magnitudes were non‐randomly distributed: impacts due to predation tended to be more severe than for other impact mechanisms, and impacts on oceanic islands tended to be more severe than for other regions, but impacts associated with Psittaciform species tended to be less severe than for other alien bird orders. Approximately 35% of assessments were allocated a ‘low’ confidence rating.

Main conclusions

The EICAT protocol can be effectively applied to categorize and quantify the impacts of all alien species within an entire taxonomic class. The results demonstrate significant variation in both the type and severity of impacts generated by alien birds. However, we found no data regarding the environmental impacts of the great majority of alien bird species, and where impact data were available, our assessments were frequently allocated a ‘low’ confidence rating. Our work therefore identifies major data gaps that will help influence the direction of future invasive alien species impact research.
A glimpse of the complexity of factors that influence financial literacy
Authors: Riitsalu Leonore , Põder Kaire
Published: July 2016

Financial literacy has been recognised as a vital life skill, but there is little evidence of the factors behind the differences in managing personal finance. Socio‐economic factors and the provision of financial education do explain the variance in financial literacy in some countries, but not in all. In the PISA 2012 financial literacy test, Estonian students ranked very highly in international comparison; although only a few had received financial education at school. Compared with other countries, socio‐economic factors explained the smallest proportion of variance in the test score. There was, however, a significant difference between the mean financial literacy scores of Estonian‐ and Russian‐language communities. The aim of the article is to analyse the factors behind the differences in financial literacy when financial education is not provided. It also offers insight into how students in a similar education system in two different cultural and language frameworks achieve different financial literacy scores. Moreover, the results demonstrate how indicators, such as family background can work through different channels as opposed to the usual parental education or occupation based socio‐economic indicators. The latter implies that unexplained factors remain, such as cultural, developmental and societal indicators, which most researchers pay little attention to when explaining efficient policies for improving financial literacy. Multivariate regression models show that the level of financial literacy in Estonia is correlated with gender, language of the school, the number of books at home, mathematics and reading scores. The Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition explains less than half of the gap between the two communities. The only variable significantly explaining the gap is the number of books at home. Books can be interpreted as a symbol of social status, evidence of cultural background or source of influence for broader picture and better problem solving skills.
Deciphering the biology of deltasatellites from the New World: maintenance by New World begomoviruses and whitefly transmission
Authors: Fiallo‐Olivé Elvira , Tovar Remedios , Navas‐Castillo Jesús
Published: July 2016

Deltasatellites are small noncoding DNA satellites associated with begomoviruses. The study presented here has investigated the biology of two deltasatellites found in wild malvaceous plants in the New World (NW).

Infectious clones of two NW deltasatellites (from Malvastrum coromandelianum and Sidastrum micranthum) and associated begomoviruses were constructed. Infectivity in Nicotiana benthamiana and their natural malvaceous hosts was assessed.

The NW deltasatellites were not able to spread autonomously in planta, whereas they were maintained by the associated bipartite begomovirus. Furthermore, NW deltasatellites were transreplicated by a monopartite NW begomovirus, tomato leaf deformation virus. However, they were not maintained by begomoviruses from the Old World (tomato yellow leaf curl virus, tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus and African cassava mosaic virus) or a curtovirus (beet curly top virus). NW deltasatellites did not affect the symptoms induced by the helper viruses but in some cases reduced their accumulation. Moreover, one NW deltasatellite was shown to be transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, the vector of its helper begomoviruses.

These results confirm that these molecules are true satellites. The availability of infectious clones and the observation that NW deltasatellites reduced virus accumulation paves the way for further studies of the effect on their helper begomoviruses.
Panpsychism, Emergentism and the Metaphysics of Causation
Authors: Lewtas Pat
Published: July 2016

This article uses causation to show that panpsychism and emergentism share far less than most philosophers suppose. It argues that panpsychism has features, among them its rationalism, that force what the article calls a strong account of causation. And that emergentism entails what the article calls a weak account of causation incompatible with any strong account. The article then ventures that panpsychism and emergentism form parts of two wide‐ranging but incompatible metaphysical packages.
A comparative study between nonlinear regression and nonparametric approaches for modelling Phalaris paradoxa seedling emergence
Authors: Gonzalez‐Andujar J L , Francisco‐Fernandez M , Cao R , Reyes M , Urbano J M , Forcella F , Bastida F
Published: July 2016

Parametric nonlinear regression (PNR) models are used widely to fit weed seedling emergence patterns to soil microclimatic indices. However, such approximation has been questioned, mainly due to several statistical limitations. Alternatively, nonparametric approaches can be used to overcome the problems presented by PNR models. Here, we used an emergence data set of Phalaris paradoxa to compare both approaches. Mean squared error and correlation results indicated higher accuracy for the descriptive ability but similar poor performance for predictive ability of the nonparametric approach in comparison with the PNR approach. These results suggest that our nonparametric cumulative distribution function approach is a valuable alternative to the classical parametric nonlinear regression models to describe complex emergence patterns for P. paradoxa, but not to predict them.
Sikshasandhan: Funding Challenges and Mission Drift
Authors: Mishra Pradeep Kumar
Published: July 2016

Sikshasandhan is a not-for-profit organisation working in the field of education for the last 16 years. The organisation is headquartered in Bhubaneswar and it has been operating in some tribal areas of Odisha. In 1995, the organisation started its operations as a resource centre to cater to the needs of elementary education particularly of the tribal people in the state. At present Sikshasandhan has 36 full time employees and 29 volunteers. Its main activities include running alternative education centres, making right to education effective at grassroot level, advocacy with the state government on issues related to elementary education, and running a resource centre — including a library and publishing various books and periodicals.

For a decade, a committed long-term funding partner supported the organisation’s activities. Recently the agency has indicated withdrawal of a significant part of its grant support. Under these circumstances, Mr. A. Pradhan, the Member-Secretary of the organisation, has to look for alternative sources of funding. As he consulted various stakeholders, he received a number of suggestions like expanding into other sectors such as health, livelihoods, women development, and climate change; going into full implementation mode rather than operating as a resource centre; and starting a full-fledged model school. So far the organisation has focused on elementary education for tribal people. Looking at the existing pattern of funding in the development sector, it was no surprise for Mr. Pradhan that the suggestions for diversification have come from various stakeholders. Also, government and various other donors have good amount of funds for implementing schemes at grassroot level, which is not available for a resource agency. Hence full-fledged implementation was a lucrative idea. Given the success of private educational institutions in Odisha, the rationale for a model school was also understandable.

But would such actions not create a ‘mission drift’? The organisation was not set up to cater to issues like climate change and women development. Such issues are important but delving into other fields would dilute the institutional expertise. Going into full implementation mode would also not make much difference to the education sector as there are already a number of players at that level — it also may turn the organisation into a service contractor. With these concerns in mind, Mr. Pradhan prepared a note for the upcoming meetings of governing board. He has to present an action plan on how to manage the finances in the next ten years.
Effects of Tuned Mass Damper on Fixed-Fixed 3D Nonlinear String Resting on Nonlinear Elastic Foundation
Authors: Wang Yi-Ren , Wu Li-Ping
Published: July 2016

This paper studies the vibration of a nonlinear 3D-string fixed at both ends and supported by a nonlinear elastic foundation. Newton’s second law is adopted to derive the equations of motion for the string resting on an elastic foundation. Then, the method of multiple scales (MOMS) is employed for the analysis of the nonlinear system. It was found that 1:3 internal resonance exists in the first and fourth modes of the string when the wave speed in the transverse direction is [Formula: see text] and the elasticity coefficient of the foundation is [Formula: see text]. Fixed point plots are used to obtain the frequency responses of the various modes and to identify internal resonance through observation of the amplitudes and mode shapes. To prevent internal resonance and reduce vibration, a tuned mass damper (TMD) is applied to the string. The effects of various TMD masses, locations, damper coefficients ([Formula: see text]), and spring constants ([Formula: see text]) on overall damping were analyzed. The 3D plots of the maximum amplitude (3D POMAs) and 3D maximum amplitude contour plots (3D MACPs) are generated for the various modes to illustrate the amplitudes of the string, while identifying the optimal TMD parameters for vibration reduction. The results were verified numerically. It was concluded that better damping effects can be achieved using a TMD mass ratio [Formula: see text]–0.5 located near the middle of the string. Furthermore, for damper coefficient [Formula: see text], the use of spring constant [Formula: see text]–13 can improve the overall damping.
Preparation and Optical Properties of CuS Nanofilms by a Facile Two-Step Process
Authors: Cui Zhankui , Zhou Junqiang , Ge Suxiang , Zhao Hongxiao
Published: July 2016

CuS nanofilms were prepared by a facile two-step process including chemical bath deposition of Cu nanofilms first and the subsequent thermal sulfuration step. The composition and structure of the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and Raman spectroscopy. The optical properties of CuS nanofilms were determined by Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) technique. The results show that the nanofilms composed by Cu spherical nanoparticles were completely transformed to the nanofilms composed by CuS nanosheets when the sulfuration temperature was 350[Formula: see text]C. The light absorption edges of CuS nanofilms exhibit red shift when sulfuration occurred at lower temperature. A plausible growth mechanism related with gas phase reaction for formation of CuS nanofilms was also proposed.
Shadow theatre
Authors: Won Jungdam , Lee Jehee
Published: July 2016

Shadow theatre is a genre of performance art in which the actors are only visible as shadows projected on the screen. The goal of this study is to generate animated characters, the shadows of which match a sequence of target silhouettes. This poses several challenges. The motion of multiple characters are carefully coordinated to form a target silhouette on the screen, and each character's pose should be stable, balanced, and plausible. The resulting character animation should be smooth and coherent spatially and temporally. We formulate the problem as nonlinear constrained optimization with objectives, which were designed to generate plausible human motions. Our optimization algorithm was primarily inspired by the heuristic strategies of professional shadow theatre actors. Their know-how was studied and then incorporated into our optimization formulation. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach with a variety of target silhouettes and 3D fabrication of the results.
A semi-implicit material point method for the continuum simulation of granular materials
Authors: Daviet Gilles , Bertails-Descoubes Florence
Published: July 2016

We present a new continuum-based method for the realistic simulation of large-scale free-flowing granular materials. We derive a compact model for the rheology of the material, which accounts for the exact nonsmooth Drucker-Prager yield criterion combined with a varying volume fraction. Thanks to a semi-implicit time-stepping scheme and a careful spatial discretization of our rheology built upon the Material-Point Method, we are able to preserve at each time step the exact coupling between normal and tangential stresses, in a stable way. This contrasts with previous approaches which either regularize or linearize the yield criterion for implicit integration, leading to unrealistic behaviors or visible grid artifacts. Remarkably, our discrete problem turns out to be very similar to the discrete contact problem classically encountered in multibody dynamics, which allows us to leverage robust and efficient nonsmooth solvers from the literature. We validate our method by successfully capturing typical macroscopic features of some classical experiments, such as the discharge of a silo or the collapse of a granular column. Finally, we show that our method can be easily extended to accommodate more complex scenarios including two-way rigid body coupling as well as anisotropic materials.
Bijective maps from simplicial foliations
Authors: Campen Marcel , Silva Cláudio T. , Zorin Denis
Published: July 2016

This paper presents a method for bijective parametrization of 2D and 3D objects over canonical domains. While a range of solutions for the two-dimensional case are well-known, our method guarantees bijectivity of mappings also for a large, combinatorially-defined class of tetrahedral meshes (shellable meshes). The key concept in our method is the piecewise-linear (PL) foliation, decomposing the mesh into one-dimensional submanifolds and reducing the mapping problem to parametrization of a lower-dimensional manifold (a foliation section). The maps resulting from these foliations are proved to be bijective and continuous, and shown to have provably bijective PL approximations. We describe exact, numerically robust evaluation methods and demonstrate our implementation's capabilities on a large variety of meshes.
On the convexity and feasibility of the bounded distortion harmonic mapping problem
Authors: Levi Zohar , Weber Ofir
Published: July 2016

Computation of mappings is a central building block in many geometry processing and graphics applications. The pursuit to compute mappings that are injective and have a controllable amount of conformal and isometric distortion is a long endeavor which has received significant attention by the scientific community in recent years. The difficulty of the problem stems from the fact that the space of bounded distortion mappings is nonconvex. In this paper, we consider the special case of harmonic mappings which have been used extensively in many graphics applications. We show that, somewhat surprisingly, the space of locally injective planar harmonic mappings with bounded conformal and isometric distortion has a convex characterization. We describe several projection operators that, given an arbitrary input mapping, are
guaranteed
to output a bounded distortion locally injective harmonic mapping that is closest to the input mapping in some special sense. In contrast to alternative approaches, the optimization problems that correspond to our projection operators are shown to be always feasible for any choice of distortion bounds. We use the boundary element method (BEM) to discretize the space of planar harmonic mappings and demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach through the application of planar shape deformation.
cSculpt
Authors: Calabrese Claudio , Salvati Gabriele , Tarini Marco , Pellacini Fabio
Published: July 2016

Collaborative systems are well established solutions for sharing work among people. In computer graphics these workflows are still not well established, compared to what is done for text writing or software development. Usually artists work alone and share their final models by sending files. In this paper we present a system for collaborative 3D digital sculpting. In our prototype, multiple artists concurrently sculpt a polygonal mesh on their local machines by changing its vertex properties, such as positions and material BRDFs. Our system shares the artists' edits automatically and seamlessly merges these edits even when they happen on the same region of the surface. We propose a merge algorithm that is fast-enough for seamless collaboration, respects users' edits as much as possible, can support any sculpting operation, and works for both geometry and appearance modifications. Since in sculpting artists alternatively perform fine adjustments and large scale modifications, our algorithm is based on a multiresolution edit representation that handles concurrent overlapping edits at different scales. We tested our algorithm by modeling meshes collaboratively in different sculpting sessions and found that our algorithm outperforms prior works on collaborative mesh editing in all cases.
Painting style transfer for head portraits using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Selim Ahmed , Elgharib Mohamed , Doyle Linda
Published: July 2016

Head portraits are popular in traditional painting. Automating portrait painting is challenging as the human visual system is sensitive to the slightest irregularities in human faces. Applying generic painting techniques often deforms facial structures. On the other hand portrait painting techniques are mainly designed for the graphite style and/or are based on image analogies; an example painting as well as its original unpainted version are required. This limits their domain of applicability. We present a new technique for transferring the painting from a head portrait onto another. Unlike previous work our technique only requires the example painting and is not restricted to a specific style. We impose novel spatial constraints by locally transferring the color distributions of the example painting. This better captures the painting texture and maintains the integrity of facial structures. We generate a solution through Convolutional Neural Networks and we present an extension to video. Here motion is exploited in a way to reduce temporal inconsistencies and the shower-door effect. Our approach transfers the painting style while maintaining the input photograph identity. In addition it significantly reduces facial deformations over state of the art.
Unified motion planner for fishes with various swimming styles
Authors: Satoi Daiki , Hagiwara Mikihiro , Uemoto Akira , Nakadai Hisanao , Hoshino Junichi
Published: July 2016

We propose a unified motion planner that reproduces variations in swimming styles based on the differences in the fish skeletal structures or the variations in the swimming styles based on changes in environmental conditions. The key idea in our method, based on biology, is the following. We considered the common decision-making mechanism in fish that allows them to instantly decide "where and how to swim." The unified motion planner comprises two stages. In the first stage, where to swim to is decided. Using a probability distribution generated by integrating the perceptual information, the short-term target position and target speed are decided. In the second stage, how to swim is decided. A style of swimming that matches the information for transitioning from the current speed to the target speed is selected. Using the proposed method, we demonstrate 12 types of CG models with completely different sizes and skeletal structures, such as manta ray, tuna, and boxfish, as well as a scene where a school of a few thousand fish swim realistically. Our method is easy to integrate into existing graphics pipelines. In addition, in our method, the movement characteristics can easily be changed by adjusting the parameters. The method also has a feature where the expression of an entire school of fish, such as tornado or circling, can be designated top-down.
Modeling dense inflorescences
Authors: Owens Andrew , Cieslak Mikolaj , Hart Jeremy , Classen-Bockhoff Regine , Prusinkiewicz Przemyslaw
Published: July 2016

Showy inflorescences - clusters of flowers - are a common feature of many plants, greatly contributing to their beauty. The large numbers of individual flowers (florets), arranged in space in a systematic manner, make inflorescences a natural target for procedural modeling. We present a suite of biologically motivated algorithms for modeling and animating the development of inflorescences with closely packed florets. These inflorescences share the following characteristics: (i) in their ensemble, the florets form a relatively smooth, often approximately planar surface; (ii) there are numerous collisions between petals of the same or adjacent florets; and (iii) the developmental stage and type of a floret may depend on its position within the inflorescence, with drastic or gradual differences. To model flat-topped branched inflorescences (corymbs and umbels), we propose a florets-first algorithm, in which the branching structure self-organizes to support florets in predetermined positions. This is an alternative to previous branching-first models, in which floret positions were determined by branch arrangement. To obtain realistic visualizations, we complement the algorithms that generate the inflorescence structure with an interactive method for modeling floret corollas (petal sets). The method supports corollas with both separate and fused petals. We illustrate our techniques with models from several plant families.
Reclaiming assessment in your classroom
Authors: O'Farrell Suzanne
Published: July 2016

The move to scrap national curriculum levels has given schools back control of assessment. Suzanne O'Farrell advises on creating new assessment systems that are less about measuring and data and more about maximising pupil progress
Avaliação de argamassas mistas de revestimento produzidas com borracha de pneus
Authors: Pinto Nayra Alberici , Fioriti Cesar Fabiano
Published: July 2016

Estudos sobre a produção de argamassas com borracha de pneus demonstram a possibilidade de este material substituir, parcialmente, agregados de origem natural, contribuindo para o meio ambiente em função de utilizar um resíduo poluente e substituí-lo por materiais de fontes naturais finitas. Assim, neste trabalho estudaram-se três características de desempenho de argamassas mistas de revestimento (densidade de massa aparente no estado fresco e estado endurecido, absorção de água por capilaridade e perda de água por evaporação), em função da substituição de 4% e 10% (em volume) do agregado miúdo por três diferentes granulometrias de borracha de pneus (fina #0,075 mm, média #1,19 mm e grossa #2,38 mm). Os resultados indicaram que as argamassas produzidas com borracha proporcionaram redução no valor da densidade de massa aparente. Quanto à absorção de água por capilaridade, os traços com borracha apresentaram maior absorção que o traço de referência, onde a granulometria grossa foi a que absorveu mais água. Pôde-se observar que todas as argamassas com borracha apresentaram praticamente a mesma taxa de evaporação e percentuais de retenção de água próximos. Teve-se como indicativo de melhores resultados a granulometria de borracha média, sendo possível afirmar, contudo, que é necessário ampliar o conhecimento sobre o comportamento de argamassas mistas produzidas com borracha de pneus.
Desfase estructural y la emergencia de los intelectuales indígenas bolivianos
Authors: Rea Campos Carmen Rosa
Published: July 2016

Retomando el concepto bourdiano de desfase estructural, este artículo analiza la génesis de los intelectuales indígenas en Bolivia a partir de la década de los sesenta y el papel que han desempeñado en la historia reciente de los movimientos indígenas, en tanto productores de sentido yagentes en disputa por la legitimidad de su condición y su práctica intelectual. Dar cuenta de ambos aspectos permite comprender tanto la particularidad de los resultados del último ciclo de protestas (1999-2005) protagonizado por los movimientos indígenas, como las transformaciones políticas que experimenta Bolivia desde entonces.
Historia mínima de la Revolución cubana, de Rafael Rojas
Authors: Bobes Velia Cecilia
Published: July 2016

Acceder al texto completo para consultar el contenido.
A análise de fontes e o modo de vida dos primeiros habitantes do nosso continente: pesquisa arqueológica na Educação Básica
Authors: Cruz Pamela Peregrino
Published: July 2016

O artigo apresenta o plano de uma aula com uso de fontes arqueológicas para estudantes do 6° ano, bem como o relatório de sua realização. O objetivo é contribuir para que professores de História realizem esta e outras atividades práticas e lúdicas no desenvolvimento de um processo de ensino-aprendizagem prazeroso, consistente e produtivo, possibilitando que os estudantes sejam ativos frente ao objeto a ser conhecido. Atividades como essa podemcontribuir para desenvolver a capacidadede análise e construção de conhecimentos históricos dos estudantes,permitindo que eles adquiram habilidades e instrumentos da pesquisa em História e possam utilizá-los para analisar não somente fontes, mas também a própria realidade que os cerca.
Alles eine Frage der Opportunität, oder nicht? Multilokalität und Wohnentfernung nach Trennung und Scheidung
Authors: Schier Michaela , Hubert Sandra
Published: July 2016

The occurrence of arrangements within which the children keep in close contact with both parents after their parents split up has strongly risen. It is well known that spatial proximity between the parental homes facilitates multi-locality, but it does not determine it. However, there is a shortage of analyses going beyond the opportunity structure effect. Hence, our article, on the one hand, tries to identify factors promoting multi-local everyday life as well as mediating the negative correlation between spatial distance and multi-local life. On the other hand, we ask how residential distance moderates the relation between multi-locality and these characteristics. Referring to family economics, the theory of resources, and time-geographical considerations regressions using the DJI-survey AID:A show that the opportunity structure thesis possesses high explanatory power, but does not go far enough. Shared legal custody, higher maternal education, a higher age of the children at parental separation as well as a young current age are strongly positively correlated with multi-locality, whereas low economic resources are negatively correlated. Mediating effects could not be detected. Spatial distance, however, partially moderates the meaning of diverse factors for multi-locality.

Zusammenfassung

Arrangements mit intensiven Kontakten zwischen Kindern und beiden Elternteilen nach einer Trennung sind deutlich häufiger geworden. Bekannt ist: Räumliche Nähe zwischen den elterlichen Wohnstandorten begünstigt eine multilokale Lebensführung, aber determiniert sie nicht. Über diesen Opportunitätsstruktureffekt hinausgehende Analysen fehlen bislang. An dieser Forschungslücke ansetzend prüft dieser Artikel einerseits die Faktoren, die eine multilokale Lebensführung fördern sowie den negativen Zusammenhang zwischen der Wohnentfernung und einer multilokalen Lebensführung schwächen. Andererseits wird gefragt, wie die Wohnentfernung die Beziehung zwischen Multilokalität und diesen Merkmalen moderiert. Bezugnehmend auf familienökonomische, ressourcentheoretische sowie zeit-geografische Überlegungen zeigen Regressionsanalysen auf Basis des DJISurvey AID:A, dass die Opportunitätsstrukturthese einen hohen Erklärungsgehalt besitzt, aber zu kurz greift. Gemeinsames Sorgerecht, eine höhere Bildung der Mutter, ein höheres Alter der Kinder bei der Trennung sowie ein junges aktuelles Alter stehen in einem stark positiven Zusammenhang mit einer multilokalen Lebensführung, geringe ökonomische Ressourcen in einem negativen. Eine Mediation ist nicht identifizierbar. Die Wohnentfernung moderiert jedoch teilweise die Bedeutung der Merkmale für Multilokalität.
Los estilos de enseñanza: construyendo puentes para transitar las diferencias individuales del alumnado
Authors: González-Peiteado Margarita , Pino-Juste Margarita
Published: July 2016

Para progresar en el camino hacia una efectiva atención a la diversidad, es inevitable desarrollar un estilo de enseñanza que tenga en cuenta las diferencias individuales que presenta el alumnado, muy vinculadas a intereses, necesidades, aptitudes, potencialidades y estilos de aprendizaje particulares del educando. Rasgos, todos ellos, que los hace únicos y diferenciados. Así, desde el estudio de la variabilidad intersujeto y partiendo de un marco teórico multidimensional, se describen y analizan las diferencias interindividuales e intergrupales de 555 estudiantes de la Facultades de Ciencias de la Educación de Galicia pertenecientes a las Universidades de Coruña, Santiago de Compostela y Vigo, bajo el prisma de los siguientes estilos de enseñanza: reflexivo, cooperador, individualizador, innovador, indagador y académico. Los resultados obtenidos revelan la existencia de diferencias significativas en las preferencias sobre estilos de enseñanza en función de las variables propuestas: Universidad, especialidad, sexo y edad.
Los mapas conceptuales como instrumento para analizar las ideas de los estudiantes de Maestro de Educación Primaria sobre qué enseñar de nutrición humana en Educación Primaria
Authors: Rivadulla-López Juan Carlos , García Barros Susana , Martínez Losada Cristina
Published: July 2016

Los mapas conceptuales son una técnica que se utiliza para obtener una representación visual de las ideas de una persona sobre un concepto o un conjunto de conceptos relacionados. Concretamente, en este trabajo, a través de una metodología cualitativa, analizamos los mapas conceptuales propuestos por 52 grupos de estudiantes de Maestro de Educación Primaria con el fin de averiguar las características de los mapas y el grado de adecuación de los contenidos que incluyen en lo que respecta a la enseñanza de la nutrición humana en el 3º ciclo de Educación Primaria. Los participantes cursaban Maestro de Educación Primaria, y la recogida de datos se realizó a través de una actividad formativa incluida en el tema ¿qué enseñar sobre Ciencias en Educación Primaria? Los resultados muestran que los mapas son una herramienta útil para trabajar en la formación docente pues permiten organizar, sintetizar y comunicar lo que saben los alumnos. Además, a través de este trabajo se observa que los estudiantes poseen destrezas aceptables a la hora de representar conceptos/ideas en un mapa conceptual, aunque el nivel de adecuación de los conceptos/ideas sobre nutrición humana y sus relaciones suele ser medio o bajo. Estos resultados constituyen una llamada de atención para la formación docente, tanto inicial como permanente, pues muestran la incapacidad de ésta para cambiar prioridades en lo que a la selección de contenidos se refiere.
El enfoque intersectorial en la provisión de orientación y apoyo escolar. Perspectiva de orientadores, tutores y directores
Authors: Vélaz-de-Medrano Consuelo , López-Martín Esther , Expósito-Casas Eva , González-Benito Ana
Published: July 2016

La provisión de orientación y apoyo educativo requiere del trabajo conjunto y la colaboración de diversos profesionales e instituciones, especialmente cuando nos encontramos ante problemas complejos que requieren un elevado grado de especialización y la combinación de conocimientos procedentes de diversas áreas. En la presente investigación se ha perseguido analizar la proximidad del sistema institucional de orientación y apoyo a la escuela en nueve Comunidades Autónomas, al enfoque intersectorial de la orientación. Para ello, se presentan los resultados de un estudio descriptivo, mediante encuesta, que permite conocer la opinión de los orientadores, tutores y directores de Educación Primaria y Educación Secundaria Obligatoria, acerca de la colaboración con los servicios públicos de la zona o sector (sociales, sanitarios, educativos y de empleo) en el apoyo especializado a alumnos y centros. La muestra final, compuesta por 9732 sujetos, fue seleccionada a partir de un muestreo aleatorio proporcional al tamaño de las sub-poblaciones de cada Comunidad. Los resultados muestran cómo, en términos generales, existe colaboración entre el centro y los servicios públicos de la zona, aunque no tan frecuentemente como sería deseable. Los profesionales encuestados consideran que la colaboración con los servicios sociales y educativos es bastante adecuada, pero la valoración no es tan positiva cuando se analizan los servicios de salud y los servicios de empleo. Finalmente, atendiendo a las diferentes profesionales considerados, son los tutores de ambos niveles educativos quienes manifiestan un mayor grado de adecuación de la colaboración entre el centro y los servicios públicos de la zona, exceptuando los servicios sociales.
A glucuronoyl esterase from Acremonium alcalophilum cleaves native lignin‐carbohydrate ester bonds
Authors: Arnling Bååth Jenny , Giummarella Nicola , Klaubauf Sylvia , Lawoko Martin , Olsson Lisbeth
Published: July 2016

The Glucuronoyl esterases (GE) have been proposed to target lignin‐carbohydrate (LC) ester bonds between lignin moieties and glucuronic acid side groups of xylan, but to date, no direct observations of enzymatic cleavage on native LC ester bonds have been demonstrated. In the present investigation, LCC fractions from spruce and birch were treated with a recombinantly produced GE originating from Acremonium alcalophilum (AaGE1). A combination of size exclusion chromatography and 31P NMR analyses of phosphitylated LCC samples, before and after AaGE1 treatment provided the first evidence for cleavage of the LC ester linkages existing in wood.
Multifrequency and multidirection optimizations of antenna arrays using heuristic algorithms and the multilevel fast multipole algorithm
Authors: Önol Can , Alkış Sena , Gökçe Özer , Ergül Özgür
Published: July 2016

We consider fast and efficient optimizations of arrays involving three‐dimensional antennas with arbitrary shapes and geometries. Heuristic algorithms, particularly genetic algorithms, are used for optimizations, while the required solutions are carried out accurately and efficiently via the multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA). The superposition principle is employed to reduce the number of MLFMA solutions to the number of array elements per frequency. The developed mechanism is used to optimize arrays for multifrequency and/or multidirection operations, i.e., to find the most suitable set of antenna excitations for desired radiation characteristics simultaneously at different frequencies and/or directions. The capabilities of the optimization environment are demonstrated on arrays of bowtie and Vivaldi antennas.
Direct evidence for EMIC wave scattering of relativistic electrons in space
Authors: Zhang X.‐J. , Li W. , Ma Q. , Thorne R. M. , Angelopoulos V. , Bortnik J. , Chen L. , Kletzing C. A. , Kurth W. S. , Hospodarsky G. B. , Baker D. N. , Reeves G. D. , Spence H. E. , Blake J. B. , Fennell J. F.
Published: July 2016

Electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves have been proposed to cause efficient losses of highly relativistic (>1 MeV) electrons via gyroresonant interactions. Simultaneous observations of EMIC waves and equatorial electron pitch angle distributions, which can be used to directly quantify the EMIC wave scattering effect, are still very limited, however. In the present study, we evaluate the effect of EMIC waves on pitch angle scattering of ultrarelativistic (>1 MeV) electrons during the main phase of a geomagnetic storm, when intense EMIC wave activity was observed in situ (in the plasma plume region with high plasma density) on both Van Allen Probes. EMIC waves captured by Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) probes and on the ground across the Canadian Array for Real‐time Investigations of Magnetic Activity (CARISMA) are also used to infer their magnetic local time (MLT) coverage. From the observed EMIC wave spectra and local plasma parameters, we compute wave diffusion rates and model the evolution of electron pitch angle distributions. By comparing model results with local observations of pitch angle distributions, we show direct, quantitative evidence of EMIC wave‐driven relativistic electron losses in the Earth's outer radiation belt.
Temporal characteristics and energy deposition of pulsating auroral patches
Authors: Humberset B. K. , Gjerloev J. W. , Samara M. , Michell R. G. , Mann I. R.
Published: July 2016

We present a careful statistical analysis of pulsating aurora (PA) using all‐sky green line (557.7 nm) images obtained at 3.3 Hz. Six well‐defined individual PA patches are identified and extracted using a contouring technique. Quantitative parameters such as the patch duration (on‐time and off‐time), peak intensity, and integrated intensity are determined for each patch and each pulsation. The resulting characteristics serve as strict observational constraints that any of the many competing theories attempting to explain PA must predict. The purpose of this paper is to determine the characteristics of PA patches in order to provide better observational constraints on the suggested mechanisms. All aspects of the temporal behavior of the individual patches appear to be erratic. Historically, PA has been defined very loosely and we argue that the use of the term “pulsating” is inappropriate since our findings and other published results are not regularly periodic and thus a more appropriate term may be fluctuating aurora. Further, we find that the observational constraints do not fit well with the flow cyclotron maser theory, which in particular is suggested to create PA patches. There is no clear candidate of the suggested mechanisms and drivers to explain the observational constraints set by the PA patches in a satisfactory manner.
Geology and kinematics of the Niuafo'ou microplate in the northern Lau Basin
Authors: Sleeper Jonathan D. , Martinez Fernando
Published: July 2016

We present a revised three‐plate kinematic model for the Lau Basin, focusing on new interpretations of the geologic characteristics of the Niuafo'ou microplate boundaries. It builds upon the three‐plate model by Zellmer and Taylor (2001) while resolving some geologic discrepancies in that model. Along the southern branch of the Mangatolu Triple Junction and the Fonualei Rift and Spreading Center, which together form the Niuafo'ou‐Tonga plate boundary, our model predicts slow to ultraslow opening rates (~32–8 mm/yr southward), consistent with axial morphology and magnetic profile modeling. Our interpretation of the seafloor magnetization pattern and flank morphology along the Central Lau Spreading Center (CLSC) indicates that opening rates along the Australia‐Niuafo'ou boundary are higher than predicted in the previous model, thus compensating for slower rates along the Niuafo'ou‐Tonga boundary. Lastly, we show geologic evidence that Peggy Ridge (PR), interpreted previously as an active transform fault and therefore a strong azimuthal constraint on Niuafo'ou plate motion, is inactive and that the active plate boundary is the adjacent Lau Extensional Transform Zone, extending from the CLSC to its intersection with the Northwest Lau Spreading Center. The removal of the PR azimuthal constraint allows us to determine an Euler pole for Australia‐Niuafo'ou opening that satisfies three‐plate closure criterion and develop a geologically consistent model of Lau Basin kinematics. While the final model focuses on constraining current plate velocities assuming rigid plate Eulerian rotations, the geologic analyses presented herein also provide insight into long‐term basin evolution, which appears to involve significant nonrigid plate kinematics.
Amine‐Activated Iron Catalysis: Air‐ and Moisture‐Stable Alkene and Alkyne Hydrofunctionalization
Authors: Challinor Amy J. , Calin Marc , Nichol Gary S. , Carter Neil B. , Thomas Stephen P.
Published: July 2016

A simple alkylamine [(iPr)2NEt] has been used to activate an air‐ and moisture‐stable iron(II) pre‐catalyst for alkene and alkyne hydrofunctionalization reactions. This amine activation has enabled the highly operationally simple hydrosilylation and hydroboration of alkenes and alkynes using just 0.25–2 mol% iron catalyst and 1–25 mol% amine. Significantly, these reactions proceed in equal yield under both air and inert reaction conditions.

magnified image
An experimental and theoretical study of glycerol oxidation to 1,3‐dihydroxyacetone over bimetallic Pt‐Bi catalysts
Authors: Xiao Yang , Greeley Jeffrey , Varma Arvind , Zhao Zhi‐Jian , Xiao Guomin
Published: July 2016

It is important to utilize glycerol, the main by‐product of biodiesel, to manufacture value‐added chemicals such as 1,3‐dihydroxyacetone (DHA). In the present work, the performance of five different catalysts (Pt‐Bi/AC, Pt‐Bi/ZSM‐5, Pt/MCM‐41, Pt‐Bi/MCM‐41, and Pt/Bi‐doped‐MCM‐41) was investigated experimentally, where Pt‐Bi/MCM‐41 was found to exhibit the highest DHA yield. To better understand the experimental results and to obtain insight into the reaction mechanism, density functional theory (DFT) computations were conducted to provide energy barriers of elementary steps. Both experimental and calculated results show that for high DHA selectivity, Bi should be located in an adatom‐like configuration Pt, rather than inside Pt. A favorable pathway and catalytic cycle of DHA formation were proposed based on the DFT results. A cooperative effect, between Pt as the primary component and Bi as a promoter, was identified for DHA formation. Both experimental and theoretical considerations demonstrate that Pt‐Bi is efficient to convert glycerol to DHA selectively. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 705–715, 2017
Carbon nanoarchitectures by design: pre‐organizing squaric acid with urea
Authors: Jordan Thomas , Shalom Menny , Antonietti Markus , Fechler Nina
Published: July 2016

The synthesis of carbon nanoarchitectures from pre‐organized precursor complexes with appropriate bonding patterns, here squaric acid and urea, is described. It is shown that depending on the precursor ratio, different crystal morphologies are formed, which can be transformed into nitrogen‐containing carbons with either lamellar or hollow tube‐like morphology. It is noted that despite the very different architecture, the composition of the final carbons is always close to a ‘C2N’ stoichiometry. Copyright © 2016 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.