bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supplementary Table 1 from Oncogenic KRAS Mutations Confer a Unique Mechanotransduction Response to Peristalsis in Colorectal Cancer Cells
Authors: Clevenger Abigail J. , Collier Claudia A. , Gorley John Paul M. , Colijn Sarah , McFarlin Maygan K. , Solberg Spencer C. , Kopetz Scott , Stratman Amber N. , Raghavan Shreya A.
Published: February 2025

Supplementary Table 1 contains the mutation status of all cell and PDX lines tested in this work.
Supplementary Figure 7 from Oncogenic KRAS Mutations Confer a Unique Mechanotransduction Response to Peristalsis in Colorectal Cancer Cells
Authors: Clevenger Abigail J. , Collier Claudia A. , Gorley John Paul M. , Colijn Sarah , McFarlin Maygan K. , Solberg Spencer C. , Kopetz Scott , Stratman Amber N. , Raghavan Shreya A.
Published: February 2025

Supplementary Figure 7 demonstrates all channel separated images of β-Catenin immunofluorescence found throughout the manuscript.
Supplementary Figure 5 from Oncogenic KRAS Mutations Confer a Unique Mechanotransduction Response to Peristalsis in Colorectal Cancer Cells
Authors: Clevenger Abigail J. , Collier Claudia A. , Gorley John Paul M. , Colijn Sarah , McFarlin Maygan K. , Solberg Spencer C. , Kopetz Scott , Stratman Amber N. , Raghavan Shreya A.
Published: February 2025

Supplementary Figure 5 demonstrates the manual quantification of β-Catenin nuclear localization in ImageJ.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Genome Instability Precedes Viral Integration in Human Papillomavirus–Transformed Tonsillar Keratinocytes
Authors: Chan Kimberly , Tseng Christopher , Milarachi Emily , Goldrich David , Schneper Lisa , Sheldon Kathryn , Aliaga Cesar , Alam Samina , Chatterjee Sreejata , El-Bayoumy Karam , Meyers Craig , Goldenberg David , Broach James R.
Published: February 2025

Figure S2. WGS and anchored PCR analysis of chromosomal region adjacent to viral integration sites in transformed keratinocytes.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Genome Instability Precedes Viral Integration in Human Papillomavirus–Transformed Tonsillar Keratinocytes
Authors: Chan Kimberly , Tseng Christopher , Milarachi Emily , Goldrich David , Schneper Lisa , Sheldon Kathryn , Aliaga Cesar , Alam Samina , Chatterjee Sreejata , El-Bayoumy Karam , Meyers Craig , Goldenberg David , Broach James R.
Published: February 2025

Figure S1. Long Range Anchored PCR
Supplementary Fig. S1 from TIPE Inhibits Ferroptosis in Colorectal Cancer Cells by Regulating MGST1/ALOX5
Authors: Yan Changxiu , Yu Shengnan , Zhang Jing , Li Zhen , Lin Zeyang , Zhang Shiying , Li Haoyang , Ye Zhijian , Huang Jiyi , Ye Yuhan , Zhuang Guohong
Published: February 2025

Exogenous arachidonic acid(AA) inhibits tumor survival.
Supplemental Table 4 from ASAP1 and ARF1 Regulate Myogenic Differentiation in Rhabdomyosarcoma by Modulating TAZ Activity
Authors: Hebron Katie E. , Perkins Olivia L. , Kim Angela , Jian Xiaoying , Girald-Berlingeri Sofia A. , Lei Haiyan , Shern Jack F. , Conner Elizabeth A. , Randazzo Paul A. , Yohe Marielle E.
Published: February 2025

Differentially expressed gene list siASAP1 v control DMSO
Supplementary Table 1 from PRMT5 Maintains Tumor Stem Cells to Promote Pediatric High-Grade Glioma Tumorigenesis
Authors: DeSisto John , Balakrishnan Ilango , Knox Aaron J. , Link Gabrielle , Venkataraman Sujatha , Vibhakar Rajeev , Green Adam L.
Published: February 2025

Genes identified in shRNA screen of DIPG10 with FC<0.75 and p<0.025.
Data from Oncogenic KRAS Mutations Confer a Unique Mechanotransduction Response to Peristalsis in Colorectal Cancer Cells
Authors: Clevenger Abigail J. , Collier Claudia A. , Gorley John Paul M. , Colijn Sarah , McFarlin Maygan K. , Solberg Spencer C. , Kopetz Scott , Stratman Amber N. , Raghavan Shreya A.
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Colorectal cancer tumors start as polyps on the inner lining of the colorectum, in which they are exposed to the mechanics of peristalsis. Our previous work leveraged a custom-built peristalsis bioreactor to demonstrate that colonic peristalsis led to cancer stem cell enrichment in colorectal cancer cells. However, this malignant mechanotransductive response was confined to select colorectal cancer lines that harbored an oncogenic mutation in the Kirsten rat sarcoma virus (KRAS) gene. In this study, we explored the involvement of activating KRAS mutations on peristalsis-associated mechanotransduction in colorectal cancer. Peristalsis enriched cancer stem cell marker Leucine-rich repeat–containing G protein–coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) in KRAS mutant lines in a Wnt ligand–independent manner. Conversely, LGR5 enrichment in wild-type KRAS lines exposed to peristalsis were minimal. LGR5 enrichment downstream of peristalsis translated to increased tumorigenicity in vivo. Differences in mechanotransduction were apparent via unbiased gene set enrichment analysis, in which many unique pathways were enriched in wild-type versus mutant lines. Peristalsis also triggered β-catenin nuclear localization independent of Wnt ligands, particularly in KRAS mutant lines. The involvement of KRAS was validated via gain and loss of function strategies. Peristalsis-induced β-catenin activation and LGR5 enrichment depended on the activation of the MEK/ERK cascade. Taken together, our results demonstrated that oncogenic KRAS mutations conferred a unique peristalsis-associated mechanotransduction response to colorectal cancer cells, resulting in cancer stem cell enrichment and increased tumorigenicity. These mechanosensory connections can be leveraged in improving the sensitivity of emerging therapies that target oncogenic KRAS.

Implications: Oncogenic KRAS empowers colorectal cancer cells to harness the mechanics of colonic peristalsis for malignant gain independent of other cooperating signals.
High-purity CTC RNA sequencing identifies prostate cancer lineage phenotypes prognostic for clinical outcomes
Authors: Sharifi Marina N. , Sperger Jamie M. , Taylor Amy K. , Tippins Katharine E. , Reese Shannon R. , Carreno Viridiana , Kaufmann Katherine R. , Chang Alex H. , Nunamaker Luke A. , Linebarger Charlotte , Mora-Rodriguez Leilani , Schehr Jennifer L. , Krause Hannah M. , Helzer Kyle T. , Bootsma Matthew L. , Blitzer Grace C. , Floberg John M. , Kyriakopoulos Christos E. , Emamekhoo Hamid , Heath Elisabeth I. , Wells Meghan , Tagawa Scott T. , Sjöström Martin , Choudhury Atish D. , Yu Menggang , Armstrong Andrew J. , Rathkopf Dana E. , Beltran Himisha , Nelson Peter S. , Feng Felix Y. , Dehm Scott M. , Kosoff David , Wei Xiao X. , McKay Rana R. , Zhao Shuang G. , Lang Joshua M.
Published: February 2025

The development of treatment resistance remains universal for patients with metastatic prostate cancer, driven by AR alterations and lineage state transitions. Identifying the evolution of lineage transitions in treatment resistance has been limited by the challenges of collecting serial tissue biopsies on treatment, which can be overcome using blood-based liquid biopsies. Utilizing a novel circulating tumor cell (CTC) isolation approach, we collected 273 CTC samples from 117 patients with metastatic prostate cancer for RNA sequencing. 146 samples from 70 patients had tumor purity comparable to tissue biopsies. We identified four CTC transcriptional phenotypes, mirroring lineage states identified in tissue. Patients with a luminal-B-like CTC phenotype defined by persistent AR signaling and high proliferation, as well as those with a neuroendocrine CTC phenotype, had significantly shorter survival than patients with luminal-A-like and low proliferation phenotypes. In a prospective substudy, pre-treatment CTC luminal-B-like phenotype was associated with early progression on 177Lu-PSMA-617.
High-dose methotrexate, ibrutinib, and temozolomide in the treatment of newly diagnosed primary CNS lymphoma: a multicenter, prospective phase-II study
Authors: Gao Yan , Ping Liqin , Shan Changguo , Huang He , Li Zhiming , Zhou Hui , Lai Mingyao , Cai Linbo , Bai Bing , Huang Cheng , Chen Haoqing , Hong Xiaoyu , Wang Xiaoxiao , Huang Huiqiang
Published: February 2025

Genetic alterations of chronic active B-cell receptor signaling often occur in primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). We conducted a phase-II trial of high-dose methotrexate plus ibrutinib and temozolomide (MIT) in the treatment of newly diagnosed PCNSL. A total of 35 patients were enrolled, with 33 patients included in the analysis. The best overall response rate was 93.9% and complete response rate was 72.7% for induction therapy. The 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival were 57.6% (95%CI: 49.0–66.2) and 84.8% (95%CI: 78.6–91.0). The incidence of grade ≧ 3 adverse events was 27.3% (10/33). Mutations in PIM1, MYD88, BTG2, and CD79B were most frequent among 475 genes tested by targeted sequencing of tumor and CSF samples at baseline. The consistency of ctDNA clearance from CSF/plasma and complete response on imaging were observed. Patients with clearance of ctDNA from CSF after two cycles achieved longer PFS (p = 0.044).
Brexucabtagene autoleucel versus allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in relapsed and refractory mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Liebers Nora , Boumendil Ariane , Finel Hervé , Edelmann Dominic , Kobbe Guido , Baermann Ben-Niklas , Serroukh Yasmina , Blaise Didier , Beelen Dietrich Wilhelm. , Solano Carlos , Itälä-Remes Maija , van Meerten Tom , Choi Goda , Schmidt Susanne A C. , Kröger Nicolaus , Byrne Jenny , Tudesq Jean-Jacques , Ossami Saidy Anna , Nunes Ana , Siddiqi Rubina , Baro Elande , Zheng Dan , Kloos Ioana , Dreger Peter , Sureda Anna , Glass Bertram , Dietrich Sascha
Published: February 2025

Brexucabtagene autoleucel (brexu-cel) and allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT) are effective treatments for relapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma (r/r MCL), but the optimal choice remains unclear. We conducted an analysis of 64 r/r MCL patients aged ≥50 years treated with brexu-cel in the ZUMA-2 study, matching them 1:1 by propensity score to 64 (out of 272) r/r MCL patients who underwent alloHCT using data from the EBMT registry. Median follow-up time was 36.5 and 34.1 months for the brexu-cel and matched alloHCT cohort, respectively. Brexu-cel patients had a significantly higher overall survival (OS, 81.3% vs 59.2%, HR: 0.39, p=0.004) and lower non-relapse mortality (3.6% vs 21.2%, p=0.015) one year after treatment. Chronic graft-vs-host disease occurred in 26.9% of alloHCT patients within the first year. However, long-term progression-free survival and OS remain comparable. Despite limitations of this non-randomized study, it indicates a superior safety profile for brexu-cel in r/r MCL.
Coexisting Obesity and Malnutrition and its Impact on Stroke and Brain structure: Insights from UK Biobank study
Authors: Li Yajun , Zhang Pan , Xu Yingjie , Zhong Jinghui , Hu Miaomiao , Sun Wen , Zhang Buchun
Published: February 2025

Background: The dual burden of malnutrition, characterized by the coexistence of malnutrition and obesity, represents a growing concern in global health. This study examines the association of combined effects of obesity and malnutrition with the risk of stroke and brain structure.
Methods: Data from the UK Biobank, a large-scale population-based cohort study, were analyzed. Patients were stratified into nourished nonobese, malnourished nonobese, nourished obese, and malnourished obese. Malnutrition risk using objective scores, including the controlling nutritional status score (CONUT), nutritional risk index (NRI), and prognostic nutritional index (PNI). Obesity was defined as BMI ≥30. Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the association between combined obesity and nutritional status and incident stroke. Kaplan-Meier curves for incident stroke were constructed. Linear regression models were used to evaluate the associations between combined obesity and nutritional status and brain structure.
Results: A total of 409,694 participants were included in the analysis. Among them, 37930 participants had imaging data. Kaplan-Meier curves illustrated a higher incidence of stroke in the malnourished obese group. Malnourished obese was found to increase the risk of stroke (HRCONUT 1.27, 95%CI [1.09 - 1.48]; HRNRI 2.61, 95%CI [2.03 - 3.36]; HRPNI 7.9, 95%CI [1.11 - 56.07]) , ischemic stroke (HRCONUT 1.29, 95%CI [1.08 - 1.54]; HRNRI 2.8, 95%CI [2.09 - 3.76]; HRPNI 8.43, 95%CI [1.19 - 59.83]) and hemorrhagic stroke (HRNRI 2.53, 95%CI [1.57 - 4.09]). Brain imaging analysis revealed associations between malnourished obese and certain structural parameters. Cerebral white matter hyperintensities may be associated with the occurrence of stroke.
Conclusion: Malnourished obese is associated with the risk of stroke and brain structure parameters. Further research is needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms and develop targeted interventions for individuals with combined effects of obesity and malnutrition.
100 Years of Dialysis at University Hospital Giessen
Authors: Husain-Syed Faeq , Enke Ulrike , Lübbecke Friedrich , Fassbinder Winfried , Grimminger Friedrich , Birk Horst-Walter
Published: February 2025

This review commemorates the 100th anniversary of the first human hemodialysis, which was performed by Georg Haas in 1924 at University Hospital Giessen. Haas’ groundbreaking innovation, which included the development of the first functional artificial kidney, laid the foundation for modern hemodialysis therapies. Despite the technical and clinical challenges of his time, Haas’ contributions marked a pivotal moment in the history of nephrology. The review also traces the evolution of dialysis at University Hospital Giessen in the decades following Haas’ achievements. Key advancements include the introduction of refined hemodialysis technologies, the establishment of a kidney transplant center, an AV Fistula Center, and a regional peritoneal dialysis competence center.
Despite these advancements, significant challenges persist worldwide, including the reduced life expectancy of patients undergoing dialysis and global disparities in access to renal replacement therapy. The growing incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD), which affects 850 million people worldwide, highlights the urgent need for preventive strategies and early interventions. Emerging pharmacological therapies, such as treatment with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists, offer promising opportunities to slow CKD progression and mitigate the associated complications.
Loss of Endothelial TRPC1 Induces Aortic Hypercontractility and Hypertension
Authors: Zhu Yifei , Chu Yuan , Lan Yihui , Wang Sheng , Zhang Yizhi , Liu Yuan , Wang Xianfeng , Yu Fan , Ma Xin
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND:

The increasing prevalence of obesity-related cardiovascular diseases demands a better understanding of the contribution of different cell types to vascular function for developing new treatment strategies. Previous studies have established a fundamental role of TRPC1 (transient receptor potential channel canonical family member 1) in blood vessels. However, little is known about its functional roles within different cell types.

METHODS:

We generated endothelial-specific TRPC1-deficient and knockin mice and analyzed their changes in vascular function under physiological and pathologically obese state. Wire myography, Ca
2+
image, blood pressure measurements, RNA-sequencing analysis, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, immunoblotting, ELISA, luciferase reporter assay, and morphometric assessments were performed to unravel phenotype and molecular changes in response to the absence or presence of endothelial TRPC1.

RESULTS:

Loss of endothelial TRPC1 reduced endothelial-dependent relaxation and exaggerated endothelial-dependent contraction in mouse aorta. As expected, loss of endothelial TRPC1 amplified blood pressure and decreased acetylcholine-induced intracellular Ca
2+
concentration rise in the aorta. In endothelial-specific TRPC1-deficient mouse arteries, the mRNA profile identified upregulation of c-Fos (Fos proto-oncogene, activator protein-1 transcription factor subunit). Blockade of c-Fos rescued the impaired vasomotor tone in the aorta of mice deficient in endothelial TRPC1. Endothelial TRPC1-regulated nitric oxide/endothelin-1 production is involved in vascular c-Fos expression. Moreover, knockin of endothelial TRPC1 ameliorated enhanced endothelial-dependent contraction and hypertension in obese mice which is related to alleviated endothelial endothelin-1/c-Fos production and smooth muscle contraction.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our results identify endothelial TRPC1 as a previously unclear regulator of vascular changes and blood pressure in both physiological and pathologically obese state, and it is associated with nitric oxide/endothelin-1/c-Fos signaling.
The Murder of Smorguner, Tashkent, 1899. ‘Honour’, Class, and Antisemitism in the Late Imperial Russian Army Officer Corps
Authors: Morrison Alexander
Published: February 2025

Using court records and published accounts, this article explores the circumstances of a little-known murder which took place in Tashkent in 1899. The victim, Aaron Smorguner, was Jewish, and both a prominent lawyer and the editor of Russkii Turkestan, one of the few unofficial newspapers published in the region. His murderer, Col Arsenii Stashevskii, was the commander of one of the regiments of the local garrison. This article reconstructs the sequence of events which led to the murder, and assesses its significance for understanding the culture of ‘honour’ and antisemitism in the late imperial Russian army officer corps when contextualised within the empire as a whole. This violent episode also sheds significant light on the setting for the murder – colonial Tashkent – and the role played by the military within Russian society there.
HymenoKeys, an interactive matrix keys system to identify Hymenoptera families and Ichneumonidae subfamilies
Authors: ROUSSE PASCAL
Published: February 2025

The identification of higher taxa of Hymenoptera is often challenging. It relies on dichotomous keys, very few of them covering the whole order. Moreover, Hymenoptera taxonomy has greatly changed during the past 30 years, making these few tools outdated. To my knowledge, no geographically and taxonomically comprehensive interactive key exists for the order. To address this, Hymenokeys, a set of interactive keys developed on the XPer3 platform, is presented and its expected outputs discussed. It includes all currently described hymenopteran families and the subfamilies of Ichneumonidae. The ambition is for this to be an open access, user-friendly, reliable and evolving tool for diagnosticians, to complement the existing classical dichotomous keys.
New data on Galloisiana sinensis Wang, 1987 (Grylloblattodea: Grylloblattidae) with description of the hitherto unknown female
Authors: ZHOU LIN , WANG TAOQI , LIU YI , QI YUZHE , CHEN QI , REN BINGZHONG
Published: February 2025

Advanced microscopic imaging techniques were employed to systematically examine the morphological features of Galloisiana sinensis. The hitherto unknown female of G. sinensis is described and illustrated. The male of this species is also redescribed and illustrated. This investigation contributes useful new morphological data to the taxonomic investigation of Grylloblattidae. Several measures to update and strengthen the conservation of Grylloblattidae in China are suggested here: (1) Designate protected areas for Grylloblattidae to safeguard against habitat destruction; (2) Develop protocols for Grylloblattidae sample collection, establish a robust approval process, and prohibit unauthorized collection for any purpose; (3) Conduct systematic, long-term conservation surveys at representative distribution sites.
Inconsistent Fast and Slow Responses of East Asian Summer Monsoon Precipitation Forced by Black Carbon
Authors: Fang Chenwei , Zhu Bin , Pan Chen , Qian Peng , Wang Dongdong , Zhang Yanlin , Lu Chunsong , Liao Hong
Published: February 2025

The East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) region, teeming with anthropogenic black carbon (BC), lacks clarity on the fast and slow responses of EASM precipitation and other atmospheric water cycle processes to BC forcings. Through Community Earth System Model, version 1, simulations with an atmospheric water tracking (AWT) method, fast atmospheric adjustments and slow sea surface temperature (SST)-meditated responses of EASM to BC are found inconsistent, and the summertime precipitation anomaly exhibits a “positive–negative” and “negative–positive” meridional pattern, respectively. Quantitative AWT results highlight the dominant influences of BC-induced atmospheric dynamics adjustments in shaping the EASM precipitation anomaly pattern. The impacts of moisture transport by the southwesterlies, primarily from tropical Indian Ocean, overweigh those of surface evaporation changes, governing both fast and slow precipitation responses. Tropospheric warming from high BC concentrations over northern East Asia in the fast response creates a positive meridional temperature gradient anomaly at the lower level of the East Asian subtropical westerly jet (EASWJ) center. This weakens EASWJ, leading to significant upper-level convergence at 200 hPa and anomalous descending motion north of 30°N, reducing precipitation over North China. Compensatory ascending motion and low-level convergence south of 30°N enhance precipitation over South China. Conversely, BC-induced SST warming in the Indo-Pacific warm pool generates a negative meridional temperature gradient anomaly and strengthens EASWJ, leading to an opposite slow precipitation response pattern. Overall, the total EASM responses manifests as a “wetter–drier–wetter” meridional precipitation pattern and slightly strengthened circulation, aligning with the main structures of interdecadal summer precipitation anomalies over East Asia in recent years reported in previous observational studies.

Significance Statement

Black carbon (BC), the most influential absorbing aerosol with warming effects second only to greenhouse gases, poses significant risks to human health and the climate. East Asia, a major contributor to global BC loading, is recognized as one of the largest monsoon regions, with its summer hydrological processes being sensitive to BC forcings. Our study utilizes an Earth system model coupled with an atmospheric water tracking method and reveals the opposing effects of BC-induced fast atmospheric adjustments and slow SST-meditated climatic responses on East Asian summer monsoon precipitation. Emphasis is placed on the dominant role of moisture transport related to the BC-induced atmospheric circulation adjustments in governing both fast and slow summer precipitation responses over East Asia.
Patient Experience of Awake Laryngoscopy Procedures
Authors: Hsu Andrea R. , Johns Heather L. , Arguelles Ivonne , O’Byrne Jamie , Ekbom Dale , Orbelo Diana , Bayan Semirra
Published: February 2025

Objective(s):

To quantify and compare pre-procedure worry versus the experience of pain, gagging, and dyspnea during in-office laryngoscopy procedures in patients who did or did not receive pre-procedure anxiolytics, and to explore patient perception of intra-procedure interventions.

Methods:

Patients undergoing awake laryngology procedures at a quaternary care center were enrolled. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) Y1 and Y2 questionnaires were administered to establish baseline levels of state anxiety and trait anxiety, respectively. Pre-procedure and post-procedure surveys assessed patient perception of select interventions.

Results:

34 patients were enrolled (35.3% female, 91.2% white, mean age 60 years). Pre-procedure, 51.5% of patients reported some degree of worry about pain, 61.8% about gagging, 52.9% about dyspnea, and 55.9% about having something in their nose/throat. Post-procedure, 54.5% reported experiencing pain to some degree, 63.6% had gagging, 39.4% had dyspnea, and 78.7% were bothered by having something in their nose/throat. Patients who received a pre-procedure anxiolytic were significantly more likely to report more pain compared to those who did not. The highest rated interventions were pre-procedural education (97.0% “Very helpful”), verbal reassurance (96.9%), provider communicating steps of the procedure (96.9%), and reminders to breathe (87.5%).

Conclusion:

For patients undergoing awake laryngology procedures, the anticipation of gagging, pain, trouble breathing, and scope-related discomfort are worrisome factors. Of these, scope-related discomfort and gagging are the most often-reported sources of intraprocedural discomfort. The interventions patients found most helpful were based on preprocedural education and clear intraprocedural communication, which suggests that purposeful communication has a role in relieving anxiety.

Level of evidence:

Level 4
Hugging for the Good of Humanity. People Joining the Free Hugs Campaign at Fandom Conventions Have Lighter, less Dark, and More Prosocial Personalities
Authors: Stefanek Franciszek , Pyszkowska Anna , Nowacki Ari , Tkaczyk Adam , Kocur Dagna , Kubicius Dominika , Graca Juno
Published: February 2025

The Free Hugs campaign and the phenomenon of people offering “Free Hugs” is becoming increasingly popular today, especially at concerts, festivals, and fandom conventions. However, such offers may cause some people to worry about the huggers’ motivations. The study aimed to investigate the level of the Dark and Light Triad and Big Five personality traits in huggers and non-huggers. People (n = 299) engaged in fandom convention culture (132 men, 133 women and 34 non-binary individuals) participated in the study. Engaging in fandom convention culture was defined as attending at least two conventions in the last 12 months. Responses were collected from 62 huggers (21%) and 237 non-huggers (79%). The results show a significantly lower probability (Brunner-Munzel test) for huggers to be more narcissistic than non-huggers. Moreover, there was a significantly higher probability for huggers to be more extroverted, agreeable, humanistic, and have greater faith in humanity than non-huggers. Therefore, the results suggest that the declared intentions of people offering “Free Hugs” are related to prosocial personality traits.
Valuable actions and actionable values: Tinkering with principles and practices in AI ethics
Authors: Moats David , Trifuljesko Sonja
Published: February 2025

What does it mean to ‘put principles into practice’? As machine learning algorithms and Artificial Intelligence are given increasing control over our lives (delivering credit scores and welfare risk assessments and monitoring borders with facial recognition), public, private and civil society organisations have proliferated numerous guidelines foregrounding different ethical principles (e.g. – fairness, accountability, transparency) meant to ensure that these systems do not cause harm to already marginalised groups. Putting these principles ‘into practice’, however, is not as straightforward as it seems. The Algorithm and AI Register, which collects information about algorithms used by city governments (namely Helsinki and Amsterdam), is one recent attempt to make good on these ethical principles, but it has been subsequently criticised for not living up to its own lofty ideals. This article is based on long-term ethnographic fieldwork with one of the companies behind the Register. Building on recent work from valuation studies, which studies empirically how abstract values are enacted through mundane routines and procedures, we argue that rather than moving from principles to practices, downstream as it were, the process is more iterative and it is not just practices but also principles which are shaped in the proceedings. We introduce two concepts, valuable action and actionable values, to sensitise researchers to the deeper interrelation of values and actions and argue that in order to make more ‘ethical’ algorithms we need to think more symmetrically about principles and practices.
Quetiapine combined with escitalopram in the treatment of bipolar depression along with effects on inflammation and oxidative stress
Authors: Zhang Pingping , Huang Jinchang , Xiong Zheng , Liu Xueqin , Peng Haiying
Published: February 2025

Objectives

To assess the efficacy of escitalopram combined with quetiapine vs quetiapine alone in the treatment of depressive episodes of bipolar disorder (BPD).

Methods

88 hospitalized patients with a BPD depressive episode were recruited into the study. All patients were randomized to a control group (n = 44) or the intervention group (n = 44). Members of the control group received quetiapine fumarate alone, with an initial dose 50 mg/time twice/day; the dose was increased by 50-100 mg daily until 300-600 mg/d was reached. The treatment group received quetiapine at the same doses plus escitalopram, with the initial dose of escitalopram 10 mg/d, adjusting the dose to 20 mg/d after 1 week. Both groups were treated for 8 weeks. The scores on the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) and Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), along with levels of IL-6, IL-1β, MIF, SOD, CAT, MDA and GSH-Px, were compared between groups.

Results

Among those in the intervention group, 88.6% of participants experienced a 50% or greater reduction in HAMD score compared to 70.5% in the control group ( P < .05). Participants in the intervention group also experienced a significantly greater reduction in IL-6, IL-1β, MIF and MDA levels ( P < .05), and a significant increase in SOD, CAT and GSH-Px levels compared to the control group ( P < .05).

Conclusion

Escitalopram oxalate combined with quetiapine is more effective than quetiapine alone in the treatment of patients with bipolar depressive episodes, which can effectively improve the symptoms of depression, inhibit the body’s inflammatory response, regulate the state of oxidative stress, and does not increase the risk of mania.
Embolization for haemomediastinum due to spontaneous rupture of oesophageal branch arising from an unusual origin (inferior thyroidal artery) after vomiting: a case report
Authors: Lee Jin Suk , Lim Eic Ju , Cho Min Jai , Kim Yook
Published: February 2025

Spontaneous rupture of the oesophageal artery is rarely observed in clinical practice and may lead to a haemomediastinum, which is a potentially life-threatening condition. Among these conditions, a mediastinal haemorrhage from oesophageal branches of the bronchial artery is the most frequently reported. However, rupture of oesophageal branches arising from the inferior thyroid artery (ITA) has never been reported to date. This current case report describes a male patient in his mid-70s who experienced sudden chest pain with haemomediastinum caused by the rupture of oesophageal artery branches after vomiting. This patient was successfully treated with separate transcatheter arterial embolization of the two oesophageal branches arising from the ITA and the bronchial artery using N-butyl-cyanoacrylate. Awareness of the various potential sources of haemomediastinum is important to increase the success rate of transcatheter arterial embolization.
Plate mill metallurgical quality improvement and process control using off-line simulation and digitalization
Authors: Hinton John , Robinson Ian
Published: February 2025

The plate mill is the largest and most flexible metallurgical instrument available in the hot rolling of steel. Production performance has traditionally focussed on the accuracy of the final product dimensions. In the last decade, steel producers have placed a greater priority on delivering repeatable and consistent production to achieve final structure property relationships whilst simultaneously minimising environmental impacts and processing costs. This requires the original equipment manufacturer to improve the integrated model based control systems to deliver tight tolerances across all process indicators with an emphasis on delivering exacting through process performance. The production of steel pipe with superior low temperature toughness is one example where through process parameters must successfully combine to deliver the target product. An appreciation of the characteristics of the specific rolling mill in conjunction with the key microstructure and operational parameters is required. These metallurgical and process factors in combination with production trials supported by Primetals Technologies Ltd will be described. Following hot rolling, the use of in-line cooling is proven for high strength steel plates. State of the art cooling technology offers an excellent modernisation package and great flexibility in increasing the product portfolio for a steel producer. Recent progress includes the development of a digital twin to simulate the complete cooling process and predict the final structure property relationships. Added functionality for a standalone system allows the steel producer to consider the results from physical metallography to calibrate the models to specific product groups. Results from a first generation digital twin are described and areas for future development are identified.
Deep learning-based in-situ monitoring of cutting forces in ultra-precision diamond turning
Authors: Zha Zhenhua , Guo Pan , Liu Tongke , Dong Zengwen , Xiong Zhiwen
Published: February 2025

In ultra-precision diamond turning (UPDT), the effective monitoring of cutting force is promising to guarantee the desired surface quality. However, most of the monitoring methods require pre-processing of the original signal and it would induce data loss. This issue is especially serious during in-situ monitoring of cutting force signals with dynamic and nonlinear characteristics. Motivated by this, an in-situ cutting force monitoring method is proposed for UPDT based on deep learning. Firstly, a theoretical-fully connected neural network (TFCNN) model is established for simulating the cutting forces by combining a theoretical model and a fully connected neural network. Secondly, an in-situ monitoring model is proposed by using an autoencoder with the input signals of the simulated cutting forces according to the TFCNN model. Finally, to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model, a series of UPDT experiments are conducted and the cutting forces and the machined surfaces are measured correspondingly. The results reveal that the in-situ monitoring model has excellent performance in monitoring the anomalous data of the dynamic and nonlinear cutting forces. Through analysing the relationship among the machined surface, the cutting forces, and the relative errors, the overall accuracy of the proposed in-situ monitoring model can achieve 92.59%, which provides an effective and accurate method for in-situ monitoring of cutting forces in UPDT.
Silenced Stream: Capital Interest and Water Politics in Drought Areas of Ajodhya Hill Region, Purulia, West Bengal
Authors: Ruj Chhanda , Sen Amrita , Ghosal Somnath
Published: February 2025

Water and forest resources play a crucial role for the poor tribal community of the global south to sustain their life and livelihood. Thus resource management is integral in uplifting the well-being of the tribal poor. Ajodhya Hills, situated in a drought-prone region, faces significant challenges in governing resources like water and forest upon which the tribal community depends. While most of the studies focus on the implications of the hydroelectric projects, including the displacement of marginalized communities and alterations to the local environment, there is a need to understand how capital-driven decisions and the interests of multiple actors create contestations and thereby drive disproportionate impacts on marginalized populations. By examining the silenced narratives of affected communities, this study reveals how resource governance shapes indigenous rights by affecting resource allocation and distribution. Additionally, this study also underscores the power structure that perpetuate inequalities, making the marginalized community more vulnerable and causing both social unrest and environmental problems. An analysis of the vulnerability of local commons in the drought-prone environment, therefore, needs to take into account how discourses and sociopolitical relations shape resource governance.
Update on development of monoclonal antibodies for use in clinical flow cytometry and research in dogs
Authors: de Souza Cleverson , Fidel Janean , Davis William C.
Published: February 2025

Since the First International Canine Leukocyte Antigen Workshop in 1994, individual laboratories have worked to expand the repertoire of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) used in clinical testing and research in dogs. Here, we employed flow cytometry to document the specificity of mAbs submitted to the canine workshop and the animal homologue section of the human HLDA8 international workshop. We also provide an initial characterization of new mAbs derived from hybridomas developed from mice immunized with leukocytes from the blood of a healthy dog and from mice immunized with cells from a dog with B-cell leukemia. These mAbs enhance the tools available for characterizing leukemias, lymphomas, and other hematologic disorders in dogs, as well as for researching the canine immune response to pathogens. Importantly, some of the mAbs submitted to the canine and HLDA8 workshop recognize highly conserved epitopes expressed on orthologues of cluster of differentiation molecules first identified in humans and present an opportunity to develop a cross-species panel for clinical testing and research.
Incidence and Pitfalls of Intratesticular Adipose Tissue Encountered in Orchiectomy Specimens
Authors: Nguyen Ngoc-Nhu Jennifer , Gosnell Hailey , Pacheco Richard R. , Akgul Mahmut , Williamson Sean R. , Sangoi Ankur R.
Published: February 2025

Based on the eighth edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system, postpubertal germ cell tumors (GCT) and malignant sex cord-stromal tumors (SCST) of the testis invading hilar soft tissue are of pathologic stage pT2. Adipose tissue is typically used as an anatomical landmark by pathologists for determining hilar soft tissue invasion. Herein, we evaluated for the presence, location, and extent of intratesticular fat in a multi-institutional cohort of orchiectomies. Consecutive orchiectomies from 3 academic institutions were reviewed (n = 605), including both benign and malignant specimens. Intratesticular fat was identified by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) evaluation in 11/605 (1.8%) orchiectomies, including the following diagnoses: mixed non-teratomatous GCT (n = 1), mixed GCT with a teratoma component (n = 2), pure teratoma (n = 2), Leydig cell hyperplasia (n = 1), regressed GCT (n = 1), hormone therapy effect (n = 1), atrophic changes (n = 1), fibrosis (n = 1), infarction (n = 1). Adipose tissue was located within the rete testis stroma (n = 2), just below the rete testis (n = 4), within nodules of Leydig hyperplasia between the seminiferous tubules (n = 1), or within the confines of testicular parenchyma (n = 4). Among the 4 specimens containing admixed neoplastic (teratomatous) fat, the extent of adipose tissue ranged from 3.0 to 11.0 mm (mean 6.8 mm). Among the 7 specimens with non-neoplastic adipose tissue within/near the rete, the extent ranged from 0.1 to 12.7 mm (mean 2.3 mm). Although uncommon, intratesticular fat can be found in orchiectomy specimens, which may represent a staging pitfall in GCT and SCST especially when located at the interface between the testicular parenchyma and hilum.
Exploring Health-Seeking Behaviors Among Healthcare Workers and the General Population During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Retrospective Quantitative Study
Authors: Castañeda-Millán Gabriela , Haritos Alexia M. , Formuli Edris , Mazur Maryna , Balakrishnar Kishana , Stephanie Long Bao-Zhu , Nowrouzi-Kia Behdin
Published: February 2025

Background/objectives:

Mental health issues are prevalent among healthcare workers, but help-seeking behavior in this groups remains under-researched. The purpose of this study was to explore predictors of and barriers to mental health help-seeking among healthcare workers in Canada, compared to workers from other sectors.

Design:

This quantitative study analyzed cross-sectional data from Mental Health Research Canada (MHRC) from October 2022 to January 2024.

Methods:

The total sample consisted of 8,191 workers from various sectors, including 419 healthcare workers. We examined prevalence of help-seeking, barriers to accessing mental health support, and predictors of help seeking using descriptive and inferential statistics. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the relationship between sociodemographic factors and help-seeking.

Results:

Healthcare workers were more likely to seek mental help support compared to workers from other sectors (OR 1.73, 95% CI: 1.35, 2.20). Healthcare workers least likely to seek mental health support were male (OR 0.58, CI 0.52, 0.66), residing in Quebec (OR 0.49, 95% CI: 0.41, 0.59), or of older age (OR 0.40, 95% CI: 0.30, 0.52). Key barriers to mental health help-seeking identified among healthcare workers included concerns about exposure to COVID-19 (33%), preference for self-management (25%), concerns about the safety of care options (18%), and lack of knowledge on how or where to seek help (13%).

Conclusions:

This study provides valuable insight into the barriers and predictors of mental help-seeking behavior among healthcare workers. Findings underscore the need for workplaces to foster safe, supportive, and inclusive environments to better support healthcare workers facing mental health challenges.
Filling the NHS sky with rainbows: Reflections and developments from 5 years of the UCLH ‘rainbow project’
Authors: McParland James , Driscoll Lizzie , Mason Fynn , Matthews Bella , Taylor Charlotte , Huckridge Jaymie
Published: February 2025

In 2020 we launched a programme of activity (‘The Rainbow Project’) across our inner city hospital to make services more accessible and relevant to the needs of LGBTQ + young people and families living with a chronic health condition (detailed in Huckridge et al., 2021). In this article, we celebrate the five year anniversary of the project, and share how it has evolved, with a particular focus on the creation of a quarterly group for young people to meet together to support one another and share experiences. We share some of the dilemmas we have encountered and how we have responded to these, and provide inspiration and ideas for other services who may wish to do the same. Additionally, we talk about setting up a ‘Rainbow Advocate’ role for young people, who collaborate with us on further developing and delivering the project. Two of our Rainbow Advocates share their experiences of working on the project and their wisdom for practitioners to take forth into their work.
Re-Defining the Family Biography When a Child Suffers from a Life-Limiting Illness: Insights from Mothers and Siblings
Authors: Hilário Ana Patrícia , Augusto Fábio Rafael
Published: February 2025

This study intends to move beyond the parent–child dichotomy to study the experience of chronic illness within the family setting by also focusing on young siblings. The study will mobilize the accounts of both mothers and siblings of children with a life-limiting illness to understand the biographical impact of a critical situation. Seven siblings and five mothers participated in the research. In-depth interviews and interviews using the ‘draw-write and tell’ technique were conducted. The biographical experiences presented in this article are shaped by several factors within the context of personal circumstances, namely of social relationships and interconnectedness. We propose the concept of ‘mother-sibling-biographical disruption’: both mothers and siblings of children with a life-limiting illness had to redefine themselves. The study intends to offer insights into the sociology of health and illness by extending current research on family experiences of having a child with a life-limiting illness, in particular of sibling relationships.
The Retrograde-Access Gutter Snare (RAGS) Technique: A Bailout Maneuver to Maintain Patency of the Left Subclavian Artery in Fenestrated TEVAR
Authors: Landau John H. , Dubois Luc A. , Power Adam H.
Published: February 2025

Purpose:

The purpose of this study is to describe a new bailout maneuver for use during fenestrated thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair (fTEVAR) in the event of wire wrap or wire entanglement with the proximal graft fabric.

Technique:

A 68-year-old-man with hypertension and chronic atrial fibrillation underwent elective thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair (TEVAR) with a left subclavian fenestration to treat a residual arch and thoracic aortic aneurysm after previous type A dissection repair. The procedure was challenging due to malrotation of the main body graft, as well as wire entanglement of the precannulated through-and-through wire on the leading edge of the main body fabric. A novel bailout maneuver is described. Through-and-through access was maintained, and a long 8F sheath was delivered through the fenestration from femoral access, and an 8.5F steerable sheath was delivered through upper extremity access. This allowed coaxial snaring of a new through-and-through wire via the gutter between the stent-graft and native aorta in the seal zone, which both reoriented the fenestration, and permitted placement of a bridging stent to the left subclavian artery.

Conclusion:

The retrograde-access gutter snare (RAGS) technique described above provides a streamlined approach to achieve technical success in challenging fenestrated thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair (fTEVAR) cases.

Clinical Impact

This technical note describes the retrograde-access gutter snare (RAGS) technique that can provide a successful bailout maneuver for fenestrated TEVAR (fTEVAR) devices. The RAGS technique offers an approach to be used with precannulated custom-made or physician-modified fTEVAR devices in which wire wrap or wire entanglement precludes access through the fenestration after deployment of the main body device. Instead of traditional attempts at de novo cannulation of the fenestration from upper extremity or femoral access, the maneuver offers an approach to maintaining through-and-through access to facilitate snaring a new wire proximal to the leading edge of the main body fabric, which can then be used to deliver a covered stent into the fenestration from either the upper extremity or femoral access. This technique offers an added benefit of potentially realigning malrotated fenestrations via tensioning of the new through-and-through wire.
Experimental and computational investigation of the effect of machining parameters on the turning process of C45 steel
Authors: Le Tien-Thinh , Pham Hang Thi , Khac Doan Hiep , Asteris Panagiotis G.
Published: February 2025

In this study, experimental investigations and simulations were conducted to examine the influence of machining parameters during the turning process of C45 medium carbon steel, with the simultaneous application of the Johnson-Cook plasticity model and Johnson-Cook damage model. The validity of the computational results was confirmed by comparing them with experimental findings on chip morphology and temperature rise during cutting. The obtained results indicate that cutting depth significantly affects chip morphology during the turning process, while cutting speed has a minimal impact on the chip length at a cutting depth of 1 mm. Additionally, the temperature rise during cutting is primarily concentrated around the cutting tool nose, rather than near the chip or machined surface. Among the investigated cutting speeds, 0.46 m/s is identified as the most suitable for turning C45 steel at a cutting depth of 1 mm. Finally, for practical purposes, an artificial neural network model based on machine learning is developed to predict the average temperature near the turning insert nose.