bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parallel Planar Heterojunction Strategy Enables Sb2S3 Solar Cells with Efficiency Exceeding 8 %
Authors: Zhu Liangxin , Liu Rong , Wan Zhiyang , Cao Wenbo , Dong Chao , Wang Yang , Chen Chong , Chen Junwei , Naveed Faisal , Kuang Jiajin , Lei Longhui , Cheng Liquan , Wang Mingtai
Published: October 2023

Solution‐processed solar cells based on inorganic heterojunctions provide a potential approach to the efficient, stable and low‐cost solar cells required for the terrestrial generation of photovoltaic energy. Antimony trisulfide (Sb2S3) is a promising photovoltaic absorber. Here, an easily solution‐processed parallel planar heterojunction (PPHJ) strategy and related principle are developed to prepare efficient multiple planar heterojunction (PHJ) solar cells, and the PPHJ strategy boosts the efficiency of solution‐processed Sb2S3 solar cells up to 8.32 % that is the highest amongst Sb2S3 devices. The Sb2S3‐based PPHJ device consists of two kinds of conventional planar heterojunction (PHJ) subcells in a parallel connection: Sb2S3‐based PHJ subcells dominating the absorption and charge generation and CH3NH3PbI3‐based PHJ subcells governing the electron transport towards collection electrode, but it belongs to an Sb2S3 device in nature. The resulting PPHJ device combines together the distinctive structural features of Sb2S3 absorbing layer as a main absorber and the duplexity of well‐crystallized/oriented CH3NH3PbI3 layer in charge transportation as an additional absorber, while the presence of perovskite does not affect device stability. The PPHJ strategy maintains the facile preparation by the conventional sequential depositions of multiple layers, but eliminates the normal complexity in both tandem and parallel tandem PHJ systems.
Glutathione Mediates Control of Dual Differential Bio‐orthogonal Labelling of Biomolecules
Authors: Peschke Frederik , Taladriz‐Sender Andrea , Andrews Matthew J. , Watson Allan J. B. , Burley Glenn A.
Published: October 2023

Traditional approaches to bio‐orthogonal reaction discovery have focused on developing reagent pairs that react with each other faster than they are metabolically degraded. Glutathione (GSH) is typically responsible for the deactivation of most bio‐orthogonal reagents. Here we demonstrate that GSH promotes a Cu‐catalysed (3+2) cycloaddition reaction between an ynamine and an azide. We show that GSH acts as a redox modulator to control the Cu oxidation state in these cycloadditions. Rate enhancement of this reaction is specific for ynamine substrates and is tuneable by the Cu:GSH ratio. This unique GSH‐mediated reactivity gradient is then utilised in the dual sequential bio‐orthogonal labelling of peptides and oligonucleotides via two distinct chemoselective (3+2) cycloadditions.
Why are these publications missing? Uncovering the reasons behind the exclusion of documents in free‐access scholarly databases
Authors: Delgado‐Quirós Lorena , Aguillo Isidro F. , Martín‐Martín Alberto , López‐Cózar Emilio Delgado , Orduña‐Malea Enrique , Ortega José Luis
Published: October 2023

This study analyses the coverage of seven free‐access bibliographic databases (Crossref, Dimensions—non‐subscription version, Google Scholar, Lens, Microsoft Academic, Scilit, and Semantic Scholar) to identify the potential reasons that might cause the exclusion of scholarly documents and how they could influence coverage. To do this, 116 k randomly selected bibliographic records from Crossref were used as a baseline. API endpoints and web scraping were used to query each database. The results show that coverage differences are mainly caused by the way each service builds their databases. While classic bibliographic databases ingest almost the exact same content from Crossref (Lens and Scilit miss 0.1% and 0.2% of the records, respectively), academic search engines present lower coverage (Google Scholar does not find: 9.8%, Semantic Scholar: 10%, and Microsoft Academic: 12%). Coverage differences are mainly attributed to external factors, such as web accessibility and robot exclusion policies (39.2%–46%), and internal requirements that exclude secondary content (6.5%–11.6%). In the case of Dimensions, the only classic bibliographic database with the lowest coverage (7.6%), internal selection criteria such as the indexation of full books instead of book chapters (65%) and the exclusion of secondary content (15%) are the main motives of missing publications.
Yawing stability and manipulative approach design for maglev car based on active disturbance rejection control
Authors: Zhang Baojian , Ke Zhihao , Li Zhengyan , Shi Hongfu , Liang Le , Deng Zigang
Published: October 2023

In the present work, to realize the stable static suspension of a new type of electrodynamic wheel (EDW) magnetic levitation (maglev) car without track constraints on the conductor plate. Design and analysis of the active disturbance rejection control and explicit complementary filter (ADRC‐ECF) have been presented to solve the maglev car's yaw angle disturbance rejection under low lateral damping characteristics. Simple and efficient ECF helps to filter the high and low frequency noise generated by EDWs when rotating at high speed, to obtain accurate data in real‐time. Design and build the hardware control system for maglev car, and conduct experimental comparisons with PID controller to verify the effectiveness of suppressing yaw angle disturbances. Based on simulation and experimental results, it is shown that both PID and ADRC‐ECF can improve the stable yaw angle convergence of maglev car under external disturbances. However, ADRC performs better in resisting disturbances than PID and can achieve more accurate fixed angle steering. This paper is the first attempt to control maglev car on a trackless conductor plate for precise steering and anti‐disturbance, which is anticipated to have some reference significance in this field.
The bellwether of community: The influence of lead users' characteristics on ordinary users' participation in online brand communities
Authors: Wang Shu , Hu Fei , Yang Zhiyong , Gao Libei , Wang Li
Published: October 2023

The traditional lead user theory proposes that lead users are an important source of innovation. However, little is known about how lead users influence other users in online brand communities. Based on the uses and gratifications theory, we introduce ordinary user‐perceived benefits—including cognitive benefits, social integrative benefits, personal integrative benefits, and hedonic benefits—as mediators to explain the relationship between lead users' characteristics and ordinary users' participation in an online brand community. Furthermore, we introduce the hosting type of the brand community (consumer‐run vs. company‐managed brand community) and explain its moderating effect on the relationship between lead users' characteristics and ordinary users' participation. The finding reveals that lead users' characteristics have a significant positive effect on ordinary users' participation, and that the effect is partially mediated by cognitive benefits, social integrative benefits, and personal integrative benefits. Besides, the relationship between lead users' characteristics and ordinary users' participation is stronger for consumer‐run brand communities than for company‐managed brand communities.
Prognostic significance of tumor microenvironment assessed by machine learning algorithm in surgically resected non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Terada Yukihiro , Isaka Mitsuhiro , Ono Akira , Kawata Takuya , Serizawa Masakuni , Mori Keita , Muramatsu Koji , Tone Kiyoshi , Kenmotsu Hirotsugu , Ohshima Keiichi , Urakami Kenichi , Nagashima Takeshi , Kusuhara Masatoshi , Akiyama Yasuto , Sugino Takashi , Takahashi Toshiaki , Ohde Yasuhisa
Published: October 2023

Background

A methodology to assess the immune microenvironment (IME) of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has not been established, and the prognostic impact of IME factors is not yet clear.

Aims

This study aimed to assess the IME factors and evaluate their prognostic values.

Methods and Results

We assessed CD8+ tumor‐infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) density, forkhead box protein P3+ (Foxp3+) TIL density, and programmed death receptor ligand‐1 (PD‐L1) tumor proportion score (TPS) using a machine‐learning algorithm in whole‐slide imaging (WSI). We dichotomized patients according to TIL density or TPS and compared their clinical outcomes. Between September 2014 and September 2015, 165 patients with NSCLC were enrolled in the study. We assessed IME factors in the epithelium, stroma, and their combination. An improvement in disease‐free survival (DFS) was observed in the high CD8+TIL density group in the epithelium, stroma, and the combination of both. Moreover, the group with high PD‐L1 TPS in the epithelium showed better DFS than that with low PD‐L1 TPS. In the multivariate analysis, the CD8+TIL density in the combination of epithelium and stroma and PD‐L1 TPS in the epithelium were independent prognostic factors (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.43; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.26–0.72; p = .001, HR = 0.49; 95% CI = 0.30–0.81; p = .005, respectively).

Conclusion

Our approach demonstrated that the IME factors are related to survival in patients with NSCLC. The quantitative assessment of IME factors enables to discriminate patients with high risk of recurrence, who can be the candidates for adjuvant therapy. Assessing the CD8+TIL density in the combination of epithelium and stroma might be more useful than their individual assessment because it is a simple and time‐saving analysis of TILs in WSI.
Occupancy of the Ethiopian endemic Moorland Francolin in pristine and degraded Afroalpine biome using a camera trap approach
Authors: Abrha Abadi Mehari , Gedeon Kai , Podsiadlowski Lars , Weldesilasie Demis Mamo , Töpfer Till
Published: October 2023

Occupancy modeling is an essential tool for understanding species‐habitat associations, thereby helping to plan the conservation of rare and threatened wildlife species. The conservation status and ecology of several avian species, particularly ground‐dwelling birds, are poorly known in Ethiopia. We used camera trap‐based occupancy modeling to investigate habitat covariate influence on occupancy (Ψ) and detection probability (ρ) estimates of Moorland Francolins Scleroptila psilolaema from spatially replicated surveys across both relatively pristine and disturbed landscapes in the Afroalpine biome of Ethiopia. Model‐averaged estimate of across all sites was 0.76 (SD = 0.28) and was 0.77 (SD = 0.13) in the pristine landscape. The of the species in the disturbed landscape was 0.56 (SD = 0.19) and was 0.48 (SD = 0.06). As hypothesized, based on our model‐averaged beta coefficient estimates (βmean ± SE), predators significantly negatively influenced the occupancy of Moorland Francolins in pristine habitat. We also found a significant positive association of occupancy with herb species richness. Contrary to our prediction, distance to road significantly negatively influence the occupancy of the species, suggesting that occupancy probability was highest in proximity to roadsides and trails in the pristine habitat. There was no significant influence of habitat covariates on the occupancy of the species in the disturbed habitat. The most important covariates that significantly influence the detectability of the species in pristine habitat included sampling occasion and precipitation. The greater occupancy and detectability of this endemic species in the pristine habitat could be linked with the particular conservation status and management of this biodiversity hotspot in the central highlands of Ethiopia. Our results suggest that strict legal enforcement is required to sustainably preserve Moorland Francolins and the ecological integrity of the entire Afroalpine biome. We recommend using camera traps in order to develop realistic and effective conservation and management strategies for rare, sensitive, cryptic, and ground‐dwelling animals in the region.
Pollination crisis Down‐Under: Has Australasia dodged the bullet?
Authors: Pyke Graham H. , Prendergast Kit S. , Ren Zong‐Xin
Published: October 2023

Since mid‐1990s, concerns have increased about a human‐induced “pollination crisis.” Threats have been identified to animals that act as plant pollinators, plants pollinated by these animals, and consequently human well‐being. Threatening processes include loss of natural habitat, climate change, pesticide use, pathogen spread, and introduced species. However, concern has mostly been during last 10–15 years and from Europe and North America, with Australasia, known as Down‐Under, receiving little attention. So perhaps Australasia has “dodged the bullet”? We systematically reviewed the published literature relating to the “pollination crisis” via Web of Science, focusing on issues amenable to this approach. Across these issues, we found a steep increase in publications over the last few decades and a major geographic bias towards Europe and North America, with relatively little attention in Australasia. While publications from Australasia are underrepresented, factors responsible elsewhere for causing the “pollination crisis” commonly occur in Australasia, so this lack of coverage probably reflects a lack of awareness rather than the absence of a problem. In other words, Australasia has not “dodged the bullet” and should take immediate action to address and mitigate its own “pollination crisis.” Sensible steps would include increased taxonomic work on suspected plant pollinators, protection for pollinator populations threatened with extinction, establishing long‐term monitoring of plant–pollinator relationships, incorporating pollination into sustainable agriculture, restricting the use of various pesticides, adopting an Integrated Pest and Pollinator Management approach, and developing partnerships with First Nations peoples for research, conservation and management of plants and their pollinators. Appropriate Government policy, funding and regulation could help.
Interaction of heart failure and stroke: A clinical consensus statement of the ESC Council on Stroke, the Heart Failure Association (HFA) and the ESC Working Group on Thrombosis
Authors: Doehner Wolfram , Böhm Michael , Boriani Giuseppe , Christersson Christina , Coats Andrew J.S. , Haeusler Karl Georg , Jones Ian D. , Lip Gregory Y.H. , Metra Marco , Ntaios George , Savarese Gianluigi , Shantsila Eduard , Vilahur Gemma , Rosano Giuseppe
Published: October 2023

Heart failure (HF) is a major disease in our society that often presents with multiple comorbidities with mutual interaction and aggravation. The comorbidity of HF and stroke is a high risk condition that requires particular attention to ensure early detection of complications, efficient diagnostic workup, close monitoring, and consequent treatment of the patient. The bi‐directional interaction between the heart and the brain is inherent in the pathophysiology of HF where HF may be causal for acute cerebral injury, and – in turn – acute cerebral injury may induce or aggravate HF via imbalanced neural and neurovegetative control of cardiovascular regulation. The present document represents the consensus view of the ESC Council on Stroke, the Heart Failure Association and the ESC Working Group on Thrombosis to summarize current insights on pathophysiological interactions of the heart and the brain in the comorbidity of HF and stroke. Principal aspects of diagnostic workup, pathophysiological mechanisms, complications, clinical management in acute conditions and in long‐term care of patients with the comorbidity are presented and state‐of‐the‐art clinical management and current evidence from clinical trials is discussed. Beside the physicians perspective, also the patients values and preferences are taken into account. Interdisciplinary cooperation of cardiologists, stroke specialists, other specialists and primary care physicians is pivotal to ensure optimal treatment in acute events and in continued long‐term treatment of these patients. Key consensus statements are presented in a concise overview on mechanistic insights, diagnostic workup, prevention and treatment to inform clinical acute and continued care of patients with the comorbidity of HF and stroke.
Characteristics and outcomes of patients with atrial versus ventricular secondary tricuspid regurgitation undergoing tricuspid transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair – Results from the TriValve registry
Authors: Russo Giulio , Badano Luigi P , Adamo Marianna , Alessandrini Hannes , Andreas Martin , Braun Daniel , Connelly Kim A. , Denti Paolo , Estevez‐Loureiro Rodrigo , Fam Neil , Gavazzoni Mara , Hahn Rebecca T. , Harr Claudia , Hausleiter Joerg , Himbert Dominique , Kalbacher Daniel , Ho Edwin , Latib Azeem , Lubos Edith , Ludwig Sebastian , Lurz Philipp , Monivas Vanessa , Nickenig Georg , Pedicino Daniela , Pedrazzini Giovanni , Pozzoli Alberto , Pires Marafon Denise , Pastorino Roberta , Praz Fabien , Rodes‐Cabau Joseph , Besler Christian , Schofer Joachim , Scotti Andrea , Piayda Kerstin , Sievert Horst , Tang Gilbert H.L. , Thiele Holger , Schlotter Florian , von Bardeleben Ralph Stephan , Webb John , Windecker Stephan , Leon Martin , Maisano Francesco , Metra Marco , Taramasso Maurizio
Published: October 2023

Aim

Functional or secondary tricuspid regurgitation (STR) is the most common phenotype of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) with atrial STR (ASTR) and ventricular STR (VSTR) being recently identified as two distinct entities. Data on tricuspid transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair (T‐TEER) in patients with STR according to phenotype (i.e. ASTR vs. VSTR) are lacking. The aim of this study was to assess characteristics and outcomes of patients with ASTR versus VSTR undergoing T‐TEER.

Methods and results

Patients with STR undergoing T‐TEER were selected from the Transcatheter Tricuspid Valve Therapies (TriValve) registry. ASTR was defined by (i) left ventricular ejection fraction ≥50%, (ii) atrial fibrillation, and (iii) systolic pulmonary artery pressure <50 mmHg. Patients not matching these criteria were classified as VSTR. Patients with primary TR and cardiac implantable electronic device were excluded. Key endpoints included procedural success and survival at follow‐up. A total of 298 patients were enrolled in the study: 65 (22%) with ASTR and 233 (78%) with VSTR. Procedural success was similar in the two groups (80% vs. 83% for ASTR vs. VSTR, p = 0.56) and TEER was effective in reducing TR in both groups (from 97% of patients with baseline TR ≥3+ to 23% in ASTR and to 15% in VSTR, all p = 0.001). At 12‐month follow‐up, survival was significantly higher in the ASTR versus VSTR cohort (91% vs.
72%, log‐rank p = 0.02), with VSTR being an independent predictor of mortality at multivariable analysis (hazard ratio 4.75).

Conclusions

In a real‐world, multicentre registry, T‐TEER was effective in reducing TR grade in both ASTR and VSTR. At 12‐month follow‐up, ASTR showed better survival than VSTR.
Multiscale ultra‐short‐term wind power prediction model based on GD‐IFEM‐PSO and VMD‐BP
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Wang Yongsheng , Xu Zhiwei , Gao Jing , Liu Limin
Published: October 2023

Wind power prediction enables advance prediction of the future capacity of wind farms to improve production, increase capacity and reduce costs, however, wind power generation data are highly unstable, making it difficult to achieve high‐precision prediction. Signal decomposition methods and optimization algorithms allow for data smoothing and optimization of parameter settings, but the limitations of parameter dependency and the slow optimization search process prevent existing research from being applied in a practical setting. To address these issues, this article proposes a multiscale ultra‐short‐term wind power prediction model based on particle swarm optimization based on greedy dynamic and integrated fitness evaluation method (GD‐IFEM‐PSO) and variational mode decomposition and back propagation network (VMD‐BP). First, this article improves the velocity update formula in the particle swarm optimization algorithm by the proposed GD weight and sets up a fitness function using multiple evaluation metrics by the proposed integrated fitness evaluation method (IFEM), so that the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm achieves high efficiency in the optimization search while ensuring the comprehensiveness of the evaluation. Second, the variable mode decomposition (VMD) decomposition algorithm is used to decompose the historical wind power data to achieve smoothing of the wind power data, and the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to optimize the K and ⍺ values in the VMD decomposition algorithm to improve the comprehensive performance of the decomposition. Then, to achieve data reduction and fast model training, the components are divided into trend components, low‐frequency vibration components, high‐frequency vibration components, and random noise components according to the central frequency, so that the model can better grasp the data trend while reducing the number of components and achieving high prediction accuracy. Finally, the different components are predicted by the BP neural network and the predicted values of the different categories of components are reconstructed into the final wind power prediction values. To demonstrate the rationality and progressiveness of the proposed model, several models are compared on several data sets, and the results show that the proposed model has faster prediction speed and higher prediction performance, and is more suitable for application in real‐world environments.
Electrochemical charge storage properties of novel inverse spinel (CuNiZnAlFe)3O4 type high entropy oxide
Authors: Gupta Amit K. , Shubham Kumar , Giri Neeraj K. , Shahi Rohit R.
Published: October 2023

The novel (CuNiZnAlFe)3O4 type nanocrystalline High Entropy Oxide (HEO) was synthesized through the sol‐gel method with combustion at 350°C for 1 h duration. The XRD analysis reveals the formation of inverse spinel [B(AB)O4] type phase indexed with the space group of Fd‐3 m confirmed through the Rietveld Refinement of the XRD data. The lattice constant for the synthesized spinel phase was found to be 8.2453°A. The Scanning Electron Microscope of the synthesized HEO confirms the flakes‐like morphology with porous microstructure. The Energy Dispersive X‐ray (EDX) analysis and elemental mapping confirm the homogeneous distribution of the cations over the selected region. It was found that Fe and Ni are in the +3 and +2 states, other cations, Cu and Zn, are in the +2 states, and Al is in the +3 confirmed through the X‐ray photoelectron Spectroscopy. The electrochemical performance was studied in three electrodes in a 2 M KOH aqueous electrolyte. The specific capacitance value was 2.02, 1.58, 1.24, 1.06, 0.87, 0.71, and 0.65 F/g at scan rates of 5, 10, 20, 30, 50, 80, and 100 mV/s, respectively. The low value of specific capacitance was observed due to the stable ionic structure of the inverse spinel phase. The magnetization behavior of the sample is also investigated. The M‐H loop of the (CuNiZnAlFe)3O4 HEO sample exhibits a ferrimagnetic nature.
Perceived plausibility modulates hippocampal activity in episodic counterfactual thinking
Authors: Miceli Kaylee , Morales‐Torres Ricardo , Khoudary Ari , Faul Leonard , Parikh Natasha , De Brigard Felipe
Published: October 2023

Episodic counterfactual thinking (ECT) consists of imagining alternative outcomes to past personal events. Previous research has shown that ECT shares common neural substrates with episodic future thinking (EFT): our ability to imagine possible future events. Both ECT and EFT have been shown to critically depend on the hippocampus, and past research has explored hippocampal engagement as a function of the perceived plausibility of an imagined future event. However, the extent to which the hippocampus is modulated by perceived plausibility during ECT is unknown. In this study, we combine two functional magnetic resonance imaging datasets to investigate whether perceived plausibility modulates hippocampal activity during ECT. Our results indicate that plausibility parametrically modulates hippocampal activity during ECT, and that such modulation is confined to the left anterior portion of the hippocampus. Moreover, our results indicate that this modulation is positive, such that increased activity in the left anterior hippocampus is associated with higher ratings of ECT plausibility. We suggest that neither effort nor difficulty alone can account for these results, and instead suggest possible alternatives to explain the role of the hippocampus during the construction of plausible and implausible ECT.
Application of artificial neural networks for time series rainfall forecasting in the Loktak lift irrigation command area of Manipur, India
Authors: Yumkhaibam Satish , Kusre Bharat C.
Published: October 2023

The primary source of water for irrigation and other agricultural activities is rainfall. It has an immediate effect on crop growth and productivity. Forecasting this rainfall in advance allows farmers to effectively plan their cropping pattern. In recent years, forecasting rainfall has become very popular due to the availability of the latest computation techniques. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are one such technique widely used for rainfall prediction by a number of researchers. These models are more reliable as they make better predictions because of their nonlinear data learning method. In the present study, an ANN model was developed to predict the annual, monsoon and postmonsoon season rainfall. The model was developed using 34 years of data from 1985 to 2018 in the command area of the Loktak Lift Irrigation Project in Manipur, India. The ANN model was trained using the rectified linear unit (ReLU) activation function. The 3‐year input model excelled in all seasons, with the best model achieving a 0.36 coefficient of determination (R2), 75.7 root mean square error, 0.60 correlation coefficient and 62.5 mean absolute error. These performance indicators were comparable with studies performed by other researchers. Thus, the model can be adopted for the study area.
Book review of Applied Behavior Analysis Advanced Guidebook: A Manual for Professional Practice (2nd edition)
Authors: Becraft Jessica L. , Goldman Kissel J. , Mery Jacqueline N.
Published: October 2023

The second edition of Applied Behavior Analysis Advanced Guidebook: A Manual for Professional Practice (Luiselli, 2023) covers 17 chapters on topics that are relevant to applied behavior analysis practitioners. In this review, we discuss the purpose and intended audience of the Guidebook, briefly summarize the contents of the Guidebook, and critically evaluate the contents with respect to breadth and depth, audience fit, organization, and cohesion. In addition, we discuss emerging areas that are highlighted in the Guidebook (i.e., technology and telehealth, diversity and multiculturism, and practice‐oriented research).
Bone Marrow Adiposity Alterations in Type 2 Diabetes Are Sex-Specific and Associated with Serum Lipid Levels
Authors: Wu Po-hung , Joseph Gabby , Saeed Isra , Pirmoazen Amir M. , Kenny Katie , Kim Tiffany Y. , Schafer Anne L. , Schwartz Ann V. , Li Xiaojuan , Link Thomas M. , Kazakia Galateia J.
Published: October 2023

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has negative effects on skeletal health. A proposed mechanism of diabetic bone disease connects hyperlipidemia to increased bone marrow adiposity and decreased bone quality. Previous research on Type 1 diabetes reported positive associations between serum lipid levels and marrow adiposity, but no data exist for T2D. In addition, marrow adiposity is sex-dependent in healthy populations, but sex has not been addressed adequately in previous reports of marrow adiposity in T2D. The purpose of this study was to quantify associations of marrow adiposity and composition with T2D status, serum lipid levels, and sex. T2D patients and normoglycemic controls (n = 39/37) were included. Single-voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was performed at the spine and tibia. Quantitative MRS outcomes of marrow adiposity and composition were calculated. Linear regression models were used to compare MRS outcomes among groups and to evaluate associations of MRS outcomes with serum lipid levels. All analyses were performed on sex-stratified subgroups. Total, unsaturated, and saturated fat content at the spine were lower in T2D participants compared to controls in age-adjusted models; these differences were significant in men but not in women. In our study cohort, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were lower in T2D participants compared to controls. Adjustment for LDL, HDL, and statin use attenuated the association of T2D status with unsaturated fat but not saturated fat in men. Further analysis confirmed significant associations between serum lipid levels and MRS outcomes. Specifically, we found a positive association between LDL cholesterol and total marrow fat in the male T2D group and a negative association between HDL and total marrow fat in the female T2D group. In conclusion, our results suggest that marrow adiposity and composition are associated with lipid levels as well as T2D status, and these relationships are sex-specific. © 2023 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Studying a time‐fractional moving boundary diffusion model of solvent through a glassy polymer: A computational approach
Authors: Garshasbi Morteza , Sanaei Forough
Published: October 2023

In this article, a time‐fractional nonlinear moving boundary problem is considered to express the mathematical model of diffusion of a solvent into a glassy polymeric device. A numerical method, including an iterative process based on a non‐standard implicit finite difference method with variable time‐step is developed to solve this problem. The purpose of solving this problem is to study and predict the solvent diffusion behavior in the polymer and the position of the moving boundary. We analyze the monotonicity and positivity of the numerical solution. To show the effectiveness and robustness of the numerical method, two test problems are considered and the numerical results are reported for different values of model parameters.
Numerical analysis on mechanical and fatigue behaviors of aviation electrical connector considering structural effect
Authors: Luo Shiyuan , Wang Binbin , Jiang Jun , Li Jia , Zou Guangming , Zeng Liangcai
Published: October 2023

This work is motivated by the fact that the reliability of electrical connectors influenced by their mechanical behavior and fatigue life directly affects the working performance of the whole equipment system. In this paper, theoretical analyses of insertion force, maximum stress, and fatigue life in an aviation electrical connector are presented and the corresponding mathematical models are firstly derived. Then, to numerically investigate its mechanical behavior and fatigue life, a simplified 3D FE model is developed by using ABAQUS and FE‐SAFE software and verified by experiments and theoretical analysis. Finally, the distribution and evolution characteristics of contact forces, stress and fatigue life considering the influences of reed thickness and slot width are quantitatively analyzed in details. The results indicate that the insertion force first increases and then stabilizes at the level of 0.16 N as the pin head is fully inserted into the jack, which shows an opposite to the evolution of extraction force. Moreover, the maximum value of stress and the minimum value of fatigue life are all located at the root of the jack reed. Besides, unlike the small effect of slot width, the Fimax and σmax values obviously increase and the Nf value decreases with the increment of reed thickness.
Association between goal nutrition and intubation in patients with bronchiolitis on noninvasive ventilation: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Huq Sabrina , Pareek Rajat , Stowe Alicia , Smith Kayla , Mikhailov Theresa
Published: October 2023

Background

Acute bronchiolitis causes many hospitalizations in children younger than 2 years. Early enteral nutrition is associated with improved outcomes in these patients. However, often nutrition is withheld when patients require noninvasive respiratory support because of the risk of aspiration worsening respiratory failure, possibly requiring intubation. We hypothesize that achieving goal energy intake is associated with a lower intubation rate in hospitalized children with bronchiolitis who require noninvasive ventilation.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study examined the association between goal enteral nutrition (60% of dietary reference energy intake) and intubation rates. We grouped patients by severity of illness and compared intubation rates in those who met goal energy to those who did not. We use stratified analysis methods (for both level of respiratory support and feeding route) to evaluate progression to intubation.

Results

Of the 272 patients, 215 met goal feeds. These groups had similar demographics, but the goal‐feeds group started on higher respiratory support in the pediatric intensive care unit. We found that 4.65% of the patients who met goal feeds required intubation compared with 24.6% of patients who did not meet goal feeds (P < 0.0001), even after controlling for respiratory status at admission and time of feed initiation and feeding route.

Conclusion

We observed when adjusting for severity, feeding route, and respiratory support, achieving goal energy intake remained associated with a lower rate of intubation, without higher rates of aspiration. Confounding factors include practice variation and difference in severity of illness that objective scoring may have missed.
Digital droplet immunoassay based on a microfluidic chip with magnetic beads for the detection of prostate‐specific antigen
Authors: Zeng Zhaokui , Tian Jingjing , Ren Zixuan , Yang Ying , Gong Qian , Sun Ruowei , Zhang Xun , Liu Wenfang , Chen Chuanpin
Published: October 2023

Sensitive biomarker detection techniques are beneficial for both disease diagnosis and postoperative examinations. In this study, we report an integrated microfluidic chip designed for the immunodetection of prostate‐specific antigens (PSAs). The microfluidic chip is based on the three‐dimensional structure of quartz capillaries. The outlet channel extends to 1.8 cm, effectively facilitating the generation of uniform droplets ranging in size from 3 to 50 μm. Furthermore, we successfully immobilized the captured antibodies onto the surface of magnetic beads using an activator, and we constructed an immunosandwich complex by employing biotinylated antibodies. A key feature of this microfluidic chip is its integration of microfluidic droplet technology advantages, such as high‐throughput parallelism, enzymatic signal amplification, and small droplet size. This integration results in an exceptionally sensitive PSA detection capability, with the detection limit reduced to 7.00 ± 0.62 pg/mL.
Physician views of artificial intelligence in otolaryngology and rhinology: A mixed methods study
Authors: Asokan Annapoorani , Massey Conner J. , Tietbohl Caroline , Kroenke Kurt , Morris Megan , Ramakrishnan Vijay R.
Published: October 2023

Objective

The study aimed to investigate otolaryngologists' knowledge, trust, acceptance, and concerns with clinical applications of artificial intelligence (AI).

Methods

This study used mixed methods with survey and semistructured interviews. Survey was e‐mailed to American Rhinologic Society members, of which a volunteer sample of 86 members responded. Nineteen otolaryngologists were purposefully recruited and interviewed until thematic saturation was achieved.

Results

Seventy‐six respondents (10% response rate) completed the majority of the survey: 49% worked in academic settings and 43% completed residency 10 or fewer years ago. Of 19 interviewees, 58% worked in academic settings, and 47% completed residency 10 or fewer years ago. Familiarity: Only 8% of survey respondents reported having AI training in residency, although 72% had familiarity with general AI concepts; 0 interviewees had personal experience with AI in clinical settings. Expected uses: Of the surveyed otolaryngologists, 82% would use an AI‐based clinical decision aid and 74% were comfortable with AI proposing treatment recommendations. However, only 44% of participants would trust AI to identify malignancy and 53% to interpret radiographic images. Interviewees trusted AI for simple tasks, such as labeling septal deviation, more than complex ones, such as identifying tumors. Factors influencing AI adoption: 89% of survey participants would use AI if it improved patient satisfaction, 78% would be willing to use AI if experts and studies validated the technologies, and 73% would only use AI if it increased efficiency. Sixty‐one percent of survey respondents expected AI incorporation into clinical practice within 5 years. Interviewees emphasized that AI adoption depends on its similarity to their clinical judgment and to expert opinion. Concerns included nuanced or complex cases, poor design or accuracy, and the personal nature of physician‐patient relationships.

Conclusion

Few physicians have experience with AI technologies but expect rapid adoption in the clinic, highlighting the urgent need for clinical education and research. Otolaryngologists are most receptive to AI “augmenting” physician expertise and administrative capacity, with respect for physician autonomy and maintaining relationships with patients.

Level of Evidence

Level VI, descriptive or qualitative study.
Case report of a child with long QT syndrome type 14 caused by CALM1 gene mutation and literature review
Authors: Sun Qiqing , Xie Zhenhua , Wang Fangjie , Guo Jun , Yan Xiaochen
Published: October 2023

Objective

To analyze the clinical and genetic characteristics of a patient with long QT syndrome type 14 (long QT syndrome‐14, LQT14, OMIM # 616247) caused by a de novo CALM1 mutation.

Methods

The clinical data of the patient were collected, next‐generation sequencing technology was used to determine the exome gene sequence of the patient, and the suspected pathogenic locus was verified by Sanger sequencing.

Results

A 5‐year and 9‐month‐old girl was admitted to the hospital due to a syncopal episode. During the attack, the main symptoms were loss of consciousness, cyanosis of the face and lips, and weakness of limbs. The child had multiple seizures in the past, all of which occurred after emotional excitement and activity. She was diagnosed with epilepsy for more than 3 years, but the effect of antiepileptic treatment was not satisfactory. The electrocardiogram was normal in the past. A month ago, convulsions occurred again after exercise, and the electrocardiogram showed QTc 496 ms. The treadmill test showed a significant prolongation of QTc after exercise, and the genetic results suggested a new heterozygous variant of CALM1, c.395A>G; p. (Asp132Gly). Consequently, she was diagnosed with LQT14 and treated with propranolol. During a follow‐up of 15 months, there were no seizures or syncope.

Conclusions

This patient had multiple episodes of convulsions or syncope after emotional stimulation or activity, with intermittent prolongation of the QTc on routine ECG, marked prolongation of the QTc after exercise, and T‐wave alternans, which differed from the LQT14 phenotype caused by the previous CALM1 mutation.
Transplantation of prespawn adult Sea Lampreys as an important restoration strategy
Authors: Gephard Stephen
Published: October 2023

Objective

Anadromous Sea Lamprey Petromyzon marinus, native to the Atlantic coast of the USA, has declined in numbers since European contact due to the construction of barrier dams. Simply addressing the stream barriers, either by removal or the addition of fishways, has not always resulted in the restoration of runs. An experimental approach of transplanting adult lamprey from existing runs into unoccupied upstream habitat was evaluated as a tool for re-establishing annual spawning runs of the species.

Methods

Two coastal watersheds without Sea Lamprey runs but with dams with fishways close to the ocean were selected for testing. Prespawn adult Sea Lamprey captured from another river were released in suitable habitat upstream of the dam in one river but not the other. Counts of adult Sea Lamprey ascending the river via the fishways in subsequent years were made and compared between the two rivers. Data of colonizing adult Sea Lamprey in other rivers were analyzed for further comparison.

Result

In subsequent years, adult Sea Lamprey only immigrated into the river that received transplanted adults. When adult Sea Lampreys were finally released into the second river years later, an annual run of adult Sea Lamprey was re-established in that stream as well.

Conclusion

Prespawn adult Sea Lamprey will not emigrate from the ocean into a stream with no resident larval Sea Lamprey. The release of prespawn adults into a vacant habitat resulted in spawning, which produced a resident population of larval Sea Lamprey. Such larvae produce attractant pheromones, which is necessary to attract adults. If a stream has an extant run of Sea Lamprey, removal of a migratory barrier will result in the run expanding upstream into previously vacant habitat. Transplantation of prespawn adult Sea Lamprey can be an important management tool for restoring lost runs of this important anadromous species.
Multiscale formulation for saturated porous media preserving the representative volume element size objectivity
Authors: Reinaldo A. Anonis , Javier L. Mroginski , Pablo J. Sánchez
Published: October 2023

A multiscale model for saturated porous media is proposed, based on the concept of representative volume element (RVE). The physics between macro and micro‐scales is linked in terms of virtual power measures given by the general theory of poromechanics. Then, applying the so‐called Principle of Multiscale Virtual Power, together with suitable admissible constraints on micro‐scale displacement and pore pressure fields, a well‐established variational framework is obtained. This setting allows deriving the weak form of micro‐scale balance equations as well as the homogenization rules for the macro‐scale stress‐like variables and body forces. Whenever the micro‐scale mechanical constitutive functionals admit, as input arguments, the full‐order expansion of the micro‐scale pore pressure field, a size effect is inherited on the macro‐scale material response. The current literature attributes this issue to the so‐called “dynamical” or “second‐order” term of the homogenized flux velocity. It has been commonly suggested that the influence of this term is negligible by assuming infinitely small micro‐scale dimensions. However, such an idea compromises the fundamental notion of the existence of RVE for highly heterogeneous media. In this work, we show that the micro‐scale size dependence can be consistently eliminated by a simple constitutive‐like assumption. Accordingly, slight and selective redefinitions in the input arguments of micro‐scale material laws are proposed, leading to a constitutive formulation that allows the combination of micro‐scale variables with different orders of expansion. Just at this specific (constitutive) level, a reduced‐order expansion is selectively adopted for the micro‐scale pore pressure field. Thus, the RVE notion is restored while still retaining the major effects of the “dynamical” component of the homogenized flux velocity. The proposed formulation is implemented within a finite element squared (FE) environment. Some numerical experiments are presented showing the viability of the methodology, including comparisons against analytical, mono‐scale and DNS solutions.
Testing of morphological sex estimation traits with a sex‐known collection: Ottoman period skulls
Authors: Yaşar Berkay , Sağır Mehmet
Published: October 2023

Sexual dimorphism patterns vary across geographic regions due to the influence of genetic characteristics and environmental factors. Therefore, sex estimation models are being developed specifically for each population or group. The applicability of morphological sex estimation methods has not been tested in Turkey. Hence, by using skulls, the present study aims to analyze the reliability of the visual morphological method and test the equations developed in different populations. The study material consists of 192 skulls (96 male, 96 female) with known sexes, excavated from Istanbul's Karacaahmet cemetery in 1925. In the present study, glabella, mastoid process, supraorbital margin, and nuchal crest traits were scored on a scale of 1 to 5 according to the instructions provided in standard protocols. Intra‐observer and inter‐observer agreements were analyzed by two experts having the same level of experience. When equations derived from other populations were applied to our samples, they exhibited high sex biases (up to 50%). Therefore, new equations were derived through binary logistic regression analysis. Glabella had the highest performance in terms of repeatability (0.83) and reproducibility (0.74), whereas the nuchal crest showed the lowest performance (0.60–0.52). The most significant sexual dimorphism was observed in the glabella. Based on cross‐validated results using a single criterion, it accurately classified 80% of females and 84% of males. The nuchal crest was not significantly affecting the sex discriminative equations (p > 0.05). Multivariate equations achieved an accuracy of over 90% and cross‐validated results ranged between 80% and 90%. The results obtained from present study support the hypothesis that sexual dimorphism patterns vary under different conditions and highlight the importance of population variation in sex estimation. The models derived from the present study were found to be suitable for sex estimation from skulls and demonstrated high performance.
Identification of the native Torpedo californica nicotinic acetylcholine receptor's glycan composition after a multi‐step sequential purification method using MALDI‐ToF MS
Authors: Maldonado‐Hernández Rafael , Quesada Orestes , González‐Feliciano José A. , Baerga‐Ortiz Abel , Lasalde‐Dominicci José A.
Published: October 2023

The Cys‐loop pentameric ligand‐gated ion channels comprise a dynamic group of proteins that have been extensively studied for decades, yielding a wealth of findings at both the structural and functional levels. The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is no exception, as it is part of this large protein family involved in proper organismal function. Our efforts have successfully produced a highly pure nAChR in detergent complex (nAChR‐DC), enabling more robust studies to be conducted on it, including beginning to experiment with high‐throughput crystallization. Our homogeneous product has been identified and extensively characterized with 100% identity using Nano Lc MS/MS and MALDI ToF/ToF for each nAChR subunit. Additionally, the N‐linked glycans in the Torpedo californica‐nAChR (Tc‐nAChR) subunits have been identified. To study this, the Tc‐nAChR subunits were digested with PNGase F and the released glycans were analyzed by MALDI‐ToF. The MS results showed the presence of high‐mannose N‐glycan in all native Tc‐nAChR subunits. Specifically, the oligommanose population Man8‐9GlcNac2 with peaks at m/z 1742 and 1904 ([M + Na]+ ions) were observed.