bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adverse Events from a Randomized, Multi-Arm, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Mebendazole in Children 12–24 Months of Age
Authors: Joseph Serene A. , Montresor Antonio , Casapía Martín , Pezo Lidsky , Gyorkos Theresa W.
Published: May 2016

Large-scale deworming interventions, using anthelminthic drugs, are recommended in areas where the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth infection is high. Anthelminthic safety has been established primarily in school-age children. Our objective was to provide evidence on adverse events from anthelminthic use in early childhood. A randomized multi-arm, placebo-controlled trial of mebendazole, administered at different times and frequencies, was conducted in children 12 months of age living in Iquitos, Peru. Children were followed up to 24 months of age. The association between mebendazole administration and the occurrence of a serious or minor adverse event was determined using logistic regression. There was a total of 1,686 administrations of mebendazole and 1,676 administrations of placebo to 1,760 children. Eighteen serious adverse events (i.e., 11 deaths and seven hospitalizations) and 31 minor adverse events were reported. There was no association between mebendazole and the occurrence of a serious adverse event (odds ratio [OR] = 1.21; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.47, 3.09) or a minor adverse event (OR = 0.84; 95% CI = 0.41, 1.72). Results from our trial support evidence of safety in administering mebendazole during early childhood. These results support World Health Organization deworming policy and the scaling up of interventions to reach children as of 12 months of age in endemic areas.
Endemic Q Fever in New South Wales, Australia: A Case Series (2005–2013)
Authors: Graves Stephen R. , Islam Aminul
Published: May 2016

Q fever is endemic in Australia, and during the period 2005–2013 our laboratory diagnosed 379 cases in New South Wales. To evaluate clinical symptoms, epidemiology, mode of diagnosis, antibody profiles, and treatment, a subset of 160 (42%) Q fever cases were analyzed in detail following the return of a questionnaire by the patient's doctor and from their laboratory reports. Overall, 82% patients were male and predominantly middle aged. The majority of patients (89%) had animal contact among which 63% were with cattle, 11% with sheep, and 7% with kangaroos. Clinical symptoms were nonspecific: myalgia (94%), fever (91%), headache (80%), acute fatigue (64%), and arthralgia (55%). Most cases (93%) were acute, and serology (immunofluorescence) was the main diagnostic modality. Positive real-time polymerase chain reaction results were useful in the diagnosis of both acute and chronic Q fever, as was the isolation of Coxiella burnetii in cell culture. Doxycycline was the antibiotic most commonly used.
Epidemiological Aspects of Blastocystis Colonization in Children in Ilero, Nigeria
Authors: Poulsen Casper S. , Efunshile Akinwale M. , Nelson Jenna A. , Stensvold Christen R.
Published: May 2016

This study aimed to elucidate aspects of the epidemiology of Blastocystis in Nigerian school children, including the distribution of subtypes (STs) and ST alleles. A total of 199 genomic DNAs extracted from fecal samples from 199 Nigerian children aged 2–14 years were tested by real-time polymerase chain reaction for Blastocystis. Positive DNAs were submitted to barcoding by PCR and sequencing to obtain information on STs and ST alleles. A total of 167 (84%) samples were positive for Blastocystis, with prevalence increasing by age. No association between Blastocystis colonization and gender (P = 0.51) or type/presence of toilet facilities (P = 0.21) was observed. Blastocystis carriers were more prone to using water collected from wells than from sachets (P = 0.0044). Moreover, Blastocystis positivity was associated with positivity for fecal-orally transmitted protozoa (P = 0.018) and helminths (P < 0.0001). A clear inverse association of Blastocystis colonization and malaria infection was observed (P < 0.0001); however, malaria-positive children being younger than malaria-negative children, this finding was attributed to the age effect of Blastocystis colonization. ST data were available for 127/167 (76%) samples. Fifty-one children were positive for ST1, while 42 and 33 children were colonized with ST2 and ST3, respectively; a single case of ST7 was observed. By and large, the ST alleles identified for ST1 and ST2 did not differ from those observed in humans in other regions of the world; meanwhile, the distribution of ST3 alleles was remarkably distinct and potentially specific to humans in sub-Saharan Africa.
Time Series Analysis for Forecasting Hospital Census: Application to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Hoover Stephen , Jackson Eric , Paul David , Locke Robert , Capan Muge
Published: May 2016

Accurate prediction of future patient census in hospital units is essential for patient safety, health outcomes, and resource planning. Forecasting census in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) is particularly challenging due to limited ability to control the census and clinical trajectories. The fixed average census approach, using average census from previous year, is a forecasting alternative used in clinical practice, but has limitations due to census variations.

Our objectives are to: (i) analyze the daily NICU census at a single health care facility and develop census forecasting models, (ii) explore models with and without patient data characteristics obtained at the time of admission, and (iii) evaluate accuracy of the models compared with the fixed average census approach.

We used five years of retrospective daily NICU census data for model development (January 2008 - December 2012, N=1827 observations) and one year of data for validation (January - December 2013, N=365 observations). Best-fitting models of ARIMA and linear regression were applied to various 7-day prediction periods and compared using error statistics.

The census showed a slightly increasing linear trend. Best fitting models included a nonseasonal model, ARIMA(1,0,0), seasonal ARIMA models, ARIMA(1,0,0)×(1,1,2)7 and ARIMA(2,1,4)×(1,1,2)14, as well as a seasonal linear regression model. Proposed forecasting models resulted on average in 36.49% improvement in forecasting accuracy compared with the fixed average census approach.

Time series models provide higher prediction accuracy under different census conditions compared with the fixed average census approach. Presented methodology is easily applicable in clinical practice, can be generalized to other care settings, support shortand long-term census forecasting, and inform staff resource planning.
La obesidad infantil: estado de la cuestión y posibles líneas de investigación futura
Authors: García Cortés Beatriz
Published: May 2016

La obesidad infantil, según la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), afectaba en 2010 a 42 millones de niños en todo el mundo, 35 millones de los cuales viven en países en desarrollo (WHO, 2010).

Se trata de un problema social, político y económico que afecta a un sector amplio, vulnerable y estratégico de la población. Dado su origen multifactorial, requiere de una atención multisectorial.

El objetivo de este estudio es enmarcar un estado de la cuestión multidisciplinar sobre la cuestión desde una mirada social. Se realiza una revisión documental que considera todas aquellas investigaciones relevantes, tanto a nivel internacional como nacional, realizadas hasta el momento y atendiendo especialmente a las publicadas en los últimos cinco años.

Se espera esclarecer acuerdos y disonancias en las propuestas de lucha y prevención de la obesidad infantil así como en la atribución de culpabilidades y causas con las que se ha venido asociando la enfermedad, proyectando recomendaciones para futuros estudios que abarquen la obesidad infantil.

 
La iniciación del menor a la infracción 2.0. Uso irresponsable de las TIC.
Authors: Fdez. Murcia Abraham
Published: May 2016

Para los profesionales socioeducativos se hace cada día más necesario afrontar los posibles problemas que el uso inadecuado de las TIC puedan generar en el desarrollo de los menores de nuestro entorno más próximo. Para ello se hace preciso identificar los factores de riesgo y generar una respuesta a modo de factor de protección.

No resulta descabellado pensar que la brecha digital creada entre menores y adultos puede tender a aumentar, debido sin duda a la constante y a veces agotadora evolución de las nuevas tecnologías y la fácil plasticidad neuronal de los menores.

Identificamos aquellas conductas más significativas que reproducen los menores a la hora de internarse en el mundo de las TIC, tal y como recogen numerosos estudios. De esta forma será posible actuar preventivamente e implementar las posibles soluciones ante conductas infractoras
Structural Umbilical Cord and Placental Abnormalities
Authors: Bartholomew Marguerite Lisa , Broady Autumn J
Published: May 2016

The human placenta and umbilical cord are short lived organs that are indispensable for the growth and maturation of the developing fetus. When there is normal placental and cord function, maternal, fetal, childhood, and adult health is more common. Examination of the placenta and umbilical cord may be considered secondary to the fetal examination by sonographers. Ultrasound professionals must be cognizant of the importance of sonographic examination and documentation of the structure of the placenta and umbilical cord. This paper reviews several of the most common structure placental and umbilical cord abnormalities that are detectable with two dimensional ultrasound.

How to cite this article

Broady AJ, Bartholomew ML. Structural Umbilical Cord and Placental Abnormalities. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016;10(1):23-36.
Juvenile Aggressive Trabecular Ossifying Fibroma of Mandible: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Achath Deepa Das , Ghule Abhishek Sanjay , Kanchan-Talreja Preeti , Bhatnagar Sunanda
Published: May 2016

Fibroosseous lesions of the jaws, including juvenile ossifying fibroma (JOF), pose diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties due to their clinical, radiological, and histological variability. There are two histological varieties of it, one as psammomatoid type and second as trebacular type; here, we present a trebacular type, which is a rare variety. After the clinical examination, radiological and histological analysis, it was diagnosed as juvenile trebacular ossifying fibroma. Although JOF is an uncommon clinical entity, its aggressive local behavior and high recurrence rate means that it is important to make an early diagnosis, apply the appropriate treatment, and, especially, follow-up the patient over the long term.

How to cite this article

Ghule AS, Achath DD, Kanchan- Talreja P, Bhatnagar S. Juvenile Aggressive Trabecular Ossifying Fibroma of Mandible: A Rare Case Report. J Contemp Dent 2016;6(1):45-51.
Chemical and physical characterization of traffic particles in four different highway environments in the Helsinki metropolitan area
Authors: Enroth Joonas , Saarikoski Sanna , Niemi Jarkko , Kousa Anu , Ježek Irena , Močnik Griša , Carbone Samara , Kuuluvainen Heino , Rönkkö Topi , Hillamo Risto , Pirjola Liisa
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Traffic-related pollution is a major concern in urban areas due to its deleterious effects on human health. The characteristics of the traffic emissions on four highway environments in the Helsinki metropolitan area were measured with a mobile laboratory, equipped with state-of-the-art instrumentation. Concentration gradients were observed for all traffic-related pollutants, particle number (CN), particulate mass (PM1), black carbon (BC), organics, and nitrogen oxides (NO and NO2). Flow dynamics in different environments appeared to be an important factor for the dilution of the pollutants. For example, the half-decay distances for the traffic-related CN concentrations varied from 8 to 83 m at different sites. The PM1 emissions from traffic mostly consisted of organics and BC. At the most open site, the ratio of organics to BC increased with distance to the highway, indicating condensation of volatile and semi-volatile organics on BC particles. These condensed organics were shown to be hydrocarbons as the fraction of hydrocarbon fragments in organics increased. Regarding the CN size distributions, particle growth during the dilution was not observed; however the mass size distributions measured with a soot particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SP-AMS), showed a visible shift of the mode, detected at  ∼  100 nm at the roadside, to a larger size when the distance to the roadside increased. The fleet average emission factors appeared to be lower for the CN and higher for the NO2 than ten years ago. The reason is likely to be the increased fraction of light-duty (LD) diesel vehicles in the past ten years. The fraction of heavy-duty (HD) traffic, although constituting less than 10 % of the total traffic flow, was found to have a large impact on the emissions.
Response of OH airglow emissions to mesospheric gravity waves and comparisons with full-wave model simulation at a low-latitude Indian station
Authors: Ghodpage Rupesh N. , Hickey Michael  P. , Taori Alok K. , Siingh Devendraa , Patil Parashram T.
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Quasi-monochromatic gravity-wave-induced oscillations, monitored using the mesospheric OH airglow emission over Kolhapur (16.8° N, 74.2° E), India, during January to April 2010 and January to December 2011, have been characterized using the Krassovsky method. The nocturnal variability reveals prominent wave signatures with periods ranging from 5.2 to 10.8 h as the dominant nocturnal wave with embedded short-period waves having wave periods of 1.5–4.4 h. The results show that the magnitude of the Krassovsky parameter, viz. |η|, ranged from 2.1 to 10.2 h for principal or long nocturnal waves (5.2–10.8 h observed periods), and from 1.5 to 5.4 h for the short waves (1.5–4.4 h observed periods) during the years of 2010 and 2011, respectively. The phase (i.e., Φ) values of the Krassovsky parameters exhibited larger variability and varied from −8.1 to −167°. The deduced mean vertical wavelengths are found to be approximately −60.2 ± 20 and −42.8 ± 35 km for long- and short-period waves for the year 2010. Similarly, for 2011 the mean vertical wavelengths are found to be approximately −77.6 ± 30 and −59.2 ± 30 km for long and short wave periods, respectively, indicating that the observations over Kolhapur were dominated by upward-propagating waves. We use a full-wave model to simulate the response of OH emission to the wave motion and compare the results with observed values.
Limb–nadir matching using non-coincident NO2 observations: Proof of concept and the OMI-minus-OSIRIS prototype product
Authors: Adams Cristen , Normand Elise N. , McLinden Chris A. , Bourassa Adam E. , Lloyd Nicholas D. , Degenstein Douglas A. , Krotkov Nickolay A. , Belmonte Rivas Maria , Boersma K. Folkert , Eskes Henk
Published: May 2016

Abstract. A variant of the limb-nadir matching technique for deriving tropospheric NO2 columns is presented in which the stratospheric component of the NO2 slant column density (SCD) measured by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) is removed using non-coincident profiles from the Optical Spectrograph and InfraRed Imaging System (OSIRIS). In order to correct their mismatch in local time and the diurnal variation of stratospheric NO2, OSIRIS profiles, which were measured just after sunrise, were mapped to the local time of OMI observations using a photochemical box model. Following the profile time adjustment, OSIRIS NO2 stratospheric vertical columns densities (VCDs) were calculated. For profiles that did not reach down to the tropopause, VCDs were adjusted using the photochemical model. Using air mass factors from the OMI Standard Product (SP), a new tropospheric NO2 VCD product – referred to as OMI-minus-OSIRIS (OmO) – was generated through limb-nadir matching. To accomplish this, the OMI total SCDs were scaled using correction factors derived from the next-generation SCDs that improve upon the spectral fitting used for the current operational products. One year, 2008, of OmO was generated for 60°S to 60°N and a cursory evaluation was performed. The OmO product was found to capture the main features of tropospheric NO2 including a background value of about 0.3 × 1015 molecules/cm2 over the tropical Pacific and values comparable to the OMI operational products over anthropogenic source areas. While additional study is required, these results suggest that a limb-nadir matching approach is feasible for the removal of stratospheric NO2 measured by a polar orbiter from a nadir-viewing instrument in a geostationary orbit such as Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution (TEMPO) or Sentinel-4.
Re-evaluating the 1940s CO2 plateau
Authors: Bastos Ana , Ciais Philippe , Barichivitch Jonathan , Bopp Laurent , Brovkin Victor , Gasser Thomas , Peng Shushi , Pongratz Julia , Viovy Nicolas , Trudinger Cathy M.
Published: May 2016

Abstract. The high-resolution CO2 record from Law Dome ice core reveals that atmospheric CO2 concentration stalled during the 1940s (so-called CO2 plateau). This stalling implies the persistence of a sink of the same magnitude as the concurrent fossil fuel emissions, perhaps sustained for as long as a decade or more. This sink has been previously attributed to the ocean, conceivably as a response to the very strong El Niño event in 1940–42. However, this explanation is questionable, as recent ocean CO2 data indicate that the range of variability in the ocean sink has been rather modest in recent decades, and El Niño events have generally led to higher growth-rates of atmospheric CO2 due to the offsetting terrestrial response. Here, we use the most up-to-date information on the different terms of the carbon budget: fossil fuel emissions, four estimates of land-use change (LUC) emissions, ocean uptake from two different reconstructions, and the terrestrial sink modelled by the TRENDY project. Evaluating whether these datasets provide further insight about the 1940s plateau and its causes, we find that, they give a plausible explanation for most of the 20th century carbon budget, especially from 1970 onwards, but they greatly overestimate atmospheric CO2 growth rate during the plateau period, as well as in the 1960s. The mismatch between reconstructions and observations during the CO2 plateau epoch of 1940–1950 ranges between 0.9–2.0 Pg C yr−1, depending on the LUC dataset considered. This mismatch may be explained by: i) decadal variability in the ocean carbon sink not accounted for in the reconstructions we used; ii) a further terrestrial sink currently missing in the estimates by land-surface models; iii) land-use change processes not included in the current datasets. Ocean carbon models from CMIP5 indicate that natural variability in the ocean carbon sink could explain an additional 0.5 Pg C yr−1 uptake, but it is unlikely to be higher. The impact of the 1940–42 El Niño on the observed stabilization of atmospheric CO2 cannot be confirmed nor discarded, as TRENDY models do not reproduce the expected concurrent strong decrease in terrestrial uptake. Nevertheless, this would further increase the mismatch between observed and modelled CO2 growth rate during the CO2 plateau epoch. Tests performed using the OSCAR (v2.2) model, indicate that changes in land use not correctly accounted for during the period (coinciding with drastic socioeconomic changes during WW2) could contribute to the additional sink required.Thus, the previously proposed ocean hypothesis for the 1940s plateau cannot be confirmed by independent data. Further efforts are required to reduce uncertainty in the different terms of the carbon budget during the first half of the 20th century, and to better understand the long-term variability of the ocean and terrestrial CO2 sinks.
Describing rainfall in northern Australia using multiple climate indices
Authors: Rogers Cassandra , Beringer Jason
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Savanna landscapes are globally extensive and highly sensitive to climate change, yet the physical processes and climate phenomena which affect them remain poorly understood and therefore poorly represented in climate models. Both human populations and natural ecosystems are highly susceptible to precipitation variation in these regions due to the implications on water and food availability and atmosphere-biosphere energy fluxes. Here we quantify the relationship between climate phenomena and historical rainfall variability in Australian savannas, and in particular, how these relationships changed across a strong rainfall gradient, namely the North Australian Tropical Transect (NATT). Climate phenomena were described by 16 relevant climate indices and correlated against precipitation from 1900 to 2010 to determine the relative importance of each climate index on seasonal, inter-annual and decadal time scales. Precipitation trends, climate index trends, and wet season characteristics have also been investigated using linear statistical methods. In general, climate index-rainfall correlations were stronger in the north of the NATT where inter-annual rainfall variability was lower and a high proportion of rainfall fell during the wet season. This is consistent with a decreased influence of the Indian-Australian monsoon from the north to the south. Seasonal variation was most strongly correlated with the Australian Monsoon Index, whereas inter-annual variability was related to a greater number of climatic phenomena (predominately the El Niño-Southern Oscillation along with Tasman Sea and Indonesian sea surface temperatures). These findings highlight the importance of rainfall variability and the need to understand the climate processes driving variability, and subsequently being able to accurately represent these in climate models in order to project future rainfall patterns in the Northern Territory.
The libRadtran software package for radiative transfer calculations (version 2.0.1)
Authors: Emde Claudia , Buras-Schnell Robert , Kylling Arve , Mayer Bernhard , Gasteiger Josef , Hamann Ulrich , Kylling Jonas , Richter Bettina , Pause Christian , Dowling Timothy , Bugliaro Luca
Published: May 2016

Abstract. libRadtran is a widely used software package for radiative transfer calculations. It allows one to compute (polarized) radiances, irradiance, and actinic fluxes in the solar and thermal spectral regions. libRadtran has been used for various applications, including remote sensing of clouds, aerosols and trace gases in the Earth's atmosphere, climate studies, e.g., for the calculation of radiative forcing due to different atmospheric components, for UV forecasting, the calculation of photolysis frequencies, and for remote sensing of other planets in our solar system. The package has been described in Mayer and Kylling (2005). Since then several new features have been included, for example polarization, Raman scattering, a new molecular gas absorption parameterization, and several new parameterizations of cloud and aerosol optical properties. Furthermore, a graphical user interface is now available, which greatly simplifies the usage of the model, especially for new users. This paper gives an overview of libRadtran version 2.0.1 with a focus on new features. Applications including these new features are provided as examples of use. A complete description of libRadtran and all its input options is given in the user manual included in the libRadtran software package, which is freely available at http://www.libradtran.org.
Near-Surface Snow Particle Dynamics from Particle Tracking Velocimetry and Turbulence Measurements during Alpine Blowing Snow Storms
Authors: Aksamit Nikolas O. , Pomeroy John W.
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Many blowing snow conceptual and predictive models have been based on simplified two-phase flow dynamics derived from time-averaged observations of bulk flow conditions in blowing snow storms. Measurements from the first outdoor application of Particle Tracking Velocimetry (PTV) of near-surface blowing snow yields new information on mechanisms for blowing snow initiation, entrainment, and rebound, whilst also confirming some findings from wind tunnel observations. Blowing snow particle movement is influenced by complex surface flow dynamics, including saltation development from creep that has not previously been measured for snow. Comparisons with 3D atmospheric turbulence measurements show that blowing snow particle motion immediately above the snow surface responds strongly to high frequency turbulent motions. Momentum exchange from wind to the dense near-surface particle-laden flow appears significant and makes an important contribution to blowing snow mass flux and saltation initiation dynamics. The more complete and accurate description of near-surface snow particle motions observable using PTV may prove useful for improving blowing snow model realism and accuracy.
A scholarly divide: Social media, Big Data, and unattainable scholarship
Authors: Zelenkauskaite Asta , Bucy Erik P.
Published: May 2016

Recent decades have witnessed an increased growth in data generated by information, communication, and technological systems, giving birth to the ‘Big Data’ paradigm. Despite the profusion of raw data being captured by social media platforms, Big Data require specialized skills to parse and analyze — and even with the requisite skills, social media data are not readily available to download. Thus, the Big Data paradigm has not produced a coincidental explosion of research opportunities for the typical scholar. The promising world of unprecedented precision and predictive accuracy that Big Data conjure remains out of reach for most communication and technology researchers, a problem that traditional platforms, namely mass media, did not present. In this paper, we evaluate the system architecture that supports the storage and retrieval of big social data, distinguishing between overt and covert data types, and how both the cost and control of social media data limit opportunities for research. Ultimately, we illuminate a curious but growing ‘scholarly divide’ between researchers with the technical know-how, funding, or institutional connections to extract big social data and the mass of researchers who merely hear big social data invoked as the latest, exciting trend in unattainable scholarship.
Fifty shades of open
Authors: Pomerantz Jeffrey , Peek Robin
Published: May 2016

Open source. Open access. Open society. Open knowledge. Open government. Even open food. The word “open” has been applied to a wide variety of words to create new terms, some of which make sense, and some not so much. This essay disambiguates the many meanings of the word “open” as it is used in a wide range of contexts.
Excerpts from How Not to Network a Nation: The Uneasy History of the Soviet Internet
Authors: Peters Benjamin
Published: May 2016

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Comparação da funcionalidade de idosos residentes em duas modalidades institucionais
Authors: Pagotto Valéria , Silva Valéria Alves Pereira da , Pereira Lilían Varanda , Santos Denise Pinheiro Marques Alves dos
Published: May 2016

Objetivou-se comparar a prevalência e os fatores associados à incapacidade funcional para ABVD em idosos residentes em duas modalidades institucionais. Estudo transversal com 159 idosos de instituições de longa permanência, sendo 84 residentes em Casas Lares e 75 em Abrigos de Permanência Integral. A incapacidade funcional (IF) foi avaliada pelo Índice de Katz. As associações foram investigadas pelo Teste do χ2 ou Exato de Fischer. A prevalência de IF nas Casas Lares foi 16,7% (IC95%:8,0-28,8) e nos Abrigos de Permanência Integral 56,0% (IC95%44,2-68). Nas duas instituições prevaleceram hipertensão arterial e catarata. Nas Casas Lares, observou-se associação entre IF e idade >80 anos e relato de doenças osteomusculares. A depressão foi estatisticamente significante em ambas instituições. As ABVD mais comprometidas foram manter continência, vestir-se e banhar-se. Os achados demonstram a necessidade de intervenções junto aos idosos institucionalizados, principalmente moradores em instituições de modalidade permanência integral, com foco no controle da depressão.
Validação semântica de instrumento para identificação da prática de enfermeiros no manejo das radiodermatites
Authors: Fuzissaki Marceila de Andrade , Santos Claudia Benedita dos , Almeida Ana Maria de , Gozzo Thais Oliveira , Clapis Maria José
Published: May 2016

Objetivou-se validar semanticamente o questionário “Cuidados com a pele nas radiodermatites”, desenvolvido no Brasil, para identificar a prática dos enfermeiros relacionada à prevenção e ao manejo das radiodermatites. O processo de validação semântica ocorreu em um hospital especializado em oncologia tendo como amostra 27 enfermeiros. O questionário foi bem aceito e considerado importante para avaliar a assistência prestada. Identificou-se dificuldade de compreensão referente a alguns itens além de ter sido atribuído pequena importância àqueles que indicavam produtos não recomendados na prática. Concluiu-se que a etapa de validação semântica, para a conclusão da elaboração do questionário “Cuidados com a pele nas radiodermatites”, foi imprescindível na medida em que criou um espaço em que os enfermeiros puderam dar sugestões, expor suas dificuldades de entendimento e também demonstrar aspectos considerados importantes por eles. Sua utilização permitirá identificar como o cuidado tem sido realizado e contribuirá para uma prática clínica baseada em evidências científicas.
Mapping Saldaňa’s Coding Methods onto the Literature Review Process
Authors: Onwuegbuzie Anthony J. , Frels Rebecca K. , Hwang Eunjin
Published: May 2016

Onwuegbuzie and Frels (2014) provided a step-by-step guide illustrating how discourse analysis can be used to analyze literature. However, more works of this type are needed to address the way that counselor researchers conduct literature reviews. Therefore, we present a typology for coding and analyzing information extracted for literature reviews based on Saldaňa’s (2012) coding methods. We present stages for conducting these analyses using an actual body of published works and illustrate how to use a computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software program, namely, QDA Miner. Finally, we delineate how using this systematic approach promotes counselor identity and addresses the call for ethical, transparent research and evidence-based practices.
Utilizing Teacher Leadership as a Catalyst for Change in Schools
Authors: Ankrum Raymond J.
Published: May 2016

School leaders are constantly trying to find alternative ways to leverage and explore teacher leadership potential in their school building(s). Teachers leaders that are willing to go above and beyond their general duties. Teacher leaders are the type of educators that fall under the motif of potentially taking on additive responsibilities that will help to improve the school community. This paper looks at ways to leverage relationships between teacher leaders and school leaders in order to get maximum output from school staff. By infusing shared leadership in the school community, responsibility and accountability becomes a shared belief, that can be utilized as a catalyst for change in the school community.
Holland’s SDS Applied to Chinese College Students: A Revisit to Cross-Culture Adaptation
Authors: Kong Jin , Xu Yonghong Jade , Zhang Hao
Published: May 2016

In this study, data collected from 875 college freshman and sophomore students enrolled in a 4-year university in central China are used to examine the applicability and validity of a Chinese version of Holland’s Self-Directed Search (SDS) that was adapted in the 1990s. The total sample was randomly divided into two groups. Data from the first half of the sample (n1 = 438) were used to analyze the reliability and validity of the adapted SDS, and 52 items were identified for removal due to lack of cross-cultural fit, lack of validity to measure the intended construct, and/or being obsolete due to progress in societal and occupational trends. The SDS before and after item removal were further compared using confirmatory factor analysis with the second half of the sample (n2 = 437). Practical implications of this empirical modification approach are discussed. This study contributes to the literature by extending the current discussion about cross-cultural adaptation of Holland’s inventories and by suggesting a methodological approach to improve the reliability and validity of adapted assessment tools.
Applied ethics in health care administration: A case study of organ donation in an unidentified person
Authors: Angelo Mark , Lefler Daniel Simon
Published: May 2016

Ethical leadership in health care helps to guide the administrator through difficult decisions, upholding the policy of the institution while putting patient care first. This case study presents an ethical dilemma encountered by the administrator regarding organ procurement in an unidentified person who dies within the hospital. The purpose of this report is to provide a comprehensive literature and concept review of the bioethical considerations of organ donation in an unidentified person, to review the current status of the Uniform Anatomical Gift Act (UAGA), and to provide a review of presumed versus informed consent. These are all aspects that shape ethical decision-making for the health care administrator. Forty-eight states have adopted UAGA legislation governing regulations regarding organ donation. In states where the legislation has been enacted, the authority to consent for organ donation is granted to the custodian of the body. In the case of persons who are unidentified, individual state regulations often grant custodianship to the hospital in which the patient died. Health care administrators may be called upon to consent for hospital procedures in cases of diminished capacity and the absence of a substitute decision maker. The health care administrator needs to be well-informed about the ethical framework for decision making in order to opine regarding organ procurement based on patient autonomy and uphold the current laws and hospital policy with beneficence and integrity.
Chronic disease and use of online health information and online health services
Authors: Mano Rita S.
Published: May 2016

This study examines the factors associated with computer use for the self-management of health among individuals diagnosed with chronic diseases (CD) in Israel. We distinguish between: (1) access to online health information, and (2) use of online health services (OHS). A geographic representative sample comprising 2008 individuals was contacted. 1406 individuals (67.6%) reported using the computer for health concerns. Four conditions – heart, cancer, diabetes and hypertension – were identified (N = 225). Using a series of logit regression models it is shown that CD increases access to online health information (OHI) but its effect of use of OHS is specific to: (1) type of CD, i.e., heart condition, and (2) type of provided service, i.e., medical updates. These results indicate that while computer use increases the odds for higher empowerment this may not necessarily lead to higher use of OHS provided by the healthcare provider among individuals diagnosed with CD decreasing the likelihood for better self-management. Implications for health policy are discussed.
The Teaching of English Pronunciation: Perceptions of Indonesian School Teachers and University Students
Authors: Moedjito .
Published: May 2016

This study aimed to explore teachers’ and students’ perception of pronunciation teaching in Indonesian EFL classrooms, particularly on (1) the difficulty of English pronunciation, (2) the reasons for the difficulty, (3) the inclusion of pronunciation in EFL classrooms, (4) the goal of pronunciation teaching, (5) priorities in pronunciation teaching, and (6) techniques in pronunciation teaching. To achieve the purpose, a written questionnaire was distributed to 110 Indonesian school teachers and 230 Indonesian university students. The collected data were submitted to independent two-sample t test to determine the significant mean differences between the teacher and student participants. The results of the study discovered that almost all of the respondents perceived English pronunciation as one of the most difficult areas in English learning. The participants also agreed that two most significant reasons for the difficultly were related to students’ first language (L1). Regarding these results, the participants strongly agreed on the inclusion of pronunciation in EFL classrooms with intelligibility as the goal of pronunciation teaching. Moreover, segmental features such as consonants and vowels as well as sentence stress became the priorities in pronunciation teaching for EFL learners. Finally, teacher explanation in students’ L1, followed by demonstration of how to produce the English phonemes, is significantly rated as the better way to teach English pronunciation in EFL classrooms. The finding of the study implies that intelligibility as the goal of pronunciation teaching can be really attained with the consideration of priorities and techniques in pronunciation teaching.
The Toxicity Assessment of ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate in Nematode C. elegans
Authors: Xue Ting , Yang Linsong
Published: May 2016

Ethyl paraben (EP) is an antiseptic commonly used in food, medicine, cosmetics, and children's products. Parabens are popular due to their broad antibacterial spectrum, low cost, and stable pH characteristics, and though once considered safe as well as effective, recent studies have shown that EP has considerable oestrogenic activity which has adverse effect on the human reproduction system. In our study, we used a Caenorhabditis elegans assay system to investigate EP toxicity and its underlying mechanism. We found that prolonged exposure to EP decreased body length and locomotion behavior in the nematodes. Furthermore, most of the toxicities were transferable. Locomotion behavior defects were only partially recovered in progeny, and higher concentrations caused more significant defects; locomotion behavior improved after subsequent exposure to mutants PMK-1 and PMK-3. Taken together, the results showed that EP exerts adverse effect on C. elegans and may induce toxicity through various underlying mechanisms.
Volatility of Dhaka Stock Exchange
Authors: Siddikee Md. Noman , Begum Noor Nahar
Published: May 2016

We apply GARCH (p, q) and ARCH(m) model to the daily return of DSE general index (DGEN) ranging from 1st January, 2002 to 30th July 2013 for examining market volatility. Besides, we calculate year wise standard deviation of daily return of DGEN for the same period. The result of GARCH (1, 1) process and standard deviation of the daily return confirms an abnormal volatility episode from 2009 to 2012. The highest per day volatility was observed in the first half of 2011 in both investigations. The volatility rate found in GARCH (1, 1) process is 2.44% in 2011 followed by 2.00% and 1.99% in 2009 and 2012 respectively. The highest standard deviation of return is 2.99% in 2011 followed by 2.08% in 2012 authenticate the highest volatile periods of the study. We apply ARCH (m) model in 2004 and 2013 for volatility estimate due to inapplicability of GARCH (p, q) process in those market return. The results of ARCH (m) model confirm reliable estimates of market volatility, 1.10% and 1.46% respectively. This is a part of our total research work where our main focus is to detect the factors affecting market volatility and its spillover effects in emerging markets.
Credit Default Risk Assessment of Local Government Debts Based on KMV Model
Authors: Zhuo Zirong , Liu Jixiang , Luo Wenmin
Published: May 2016

With the continuing expansion of Chinese local government debts, its credit risk issues raise the public attention. According to the overall statistics data in Chinese Statistic Bureau, there’re various scales of debts exist, undertaken by Chinese prefecture-level cities’ local government. Some of them exceed the alerting level of international line. In an effort to measure the credit default risk level of Chinese local governments, this paper makes a moderate assessment of credit default risk based on modified KMV model. In conditions of a variety of local government revenue, this model calculates the distance from default and default possibility of local government debts under different guarantee proportion. Meanwhile, this paper also explores the variation of local governments’ credit default risk when they use different financial ratio of financing for the construction of urban infrastructure. Finally, we reach the conclusion that the expected default probability shrinks as guarantee proportion raises, and increases as financing proportion raises; under a 40% of guarantee proportion, expected default rates are low with controllable risks; And within a financing proportion of 50%, chances of default as well as risks, are low.
The Role of Credit Scoring, Cost and Product Discrimination in Improving the Competitiveness of Jordanian Insurance Companies
Authors: Saleh Mohammad H. , Jaber Jamil J. , Al-khawaldeh Abdullah A.
Published: May 2016

The turbulent start of the new century has brought new challenges for firms and countries. Survival and success in this period increasingly depends on competitiveness. Competitiveness is described in different ways by researchers. The focus of this paper extends earlier works on the role of credit scoring, cost of insurance and product discrimination in improving competitiveness in insurance companies to increase the demand of insurance policies. The paper strength is that the competitive advantage of insurance companies is measured from perspective of the insured. In the result show there is a significant effect of credit scoring, cost and product discrimination on competition in insurance companies. Also, there is a lack of understanding of the concept of insurance in Jordanian companies because they lack people who are specialist in insurance. OLS and ANOVA test are used in this paper.
The Empirical Study of Heterogeneity Firm’s Internationalization Path Selection
Authors: Jiang Weizhong , Xie Xi
Published: May 2016

This article explores the heterogeneity firm’s internationalization path selection by The New Trade Theory. Considering the firm’s heterogeneity, based on the listed automobile company, do empirical study on three internationalization path selection which are Export, Foreign Direct Investment(FDI) and Outsourcing, considered five micro factors including productivity, R&D investment and other two macro factors, think of the scale of three internationalization path as explanatory variables, take the regression by weighted least square, principal components estimation, Panel Data Regression Model respectively and have a good goodness of fit. Combined with the national automobile firm’s internationalization path selection, we build a comprehensive selection model of the firm’s internationalization path selection, analyze the differential impact on the three path selection separately. Finally, we make suggestions to the national automobile firm’s internationalization path selection and promote the model.
Knowledge Diffusion and the Adoption of Fertilizer Microdosing in Northwest Benin
Authors: Natcher David , Bachmann Erika , Pittman Jeremy , Kulshreshtha Suren , Baco Mohamed Nasser , Akponikpe P. B. I. , Peak Derek
Published: May 2016

Soil degradation and low crop productivity negatively affect the food security of smallholder farmers in West Africa. Various agricultural techniques have been developed as components of food security interventions, but their effectiveness in addressing food insecurity in part depends upon farmers’ abilities to adopt these techniques. In this paper we present the results of a social network analysis that tracked the flow of information on fertilizer microdosing from our Project Research team (PRs) to Demonstration Farmers (DFs), and from DFs to other Village Farmers (VF) in the village of Koumagou B in northwest Benin. Our findings indicate that both adoption and project awareness of microdosing were low following two years of field trails. Overall, the DFs failed to spread information or promote learning over the trial period, with only 3 of 20 DFs diffusing knowledge to a significant degree (i.e., out-degree >5). After 2 years of trials, the efforts of PRs and DFs were insufficient to mobilize the network to adopt the microdosing technique.
IS en zijn voorgangers: gewelddadig radicalisme in historisch perspectief
Authors: de Graaff B.G.J.
Published: May 2016

IS and its predecessors. Violent radicalism in historical perspective

Islamic State uses an age old apocalyptic narrative to attract followers and legitimatize its existence. The author shows which narrative elements were used during earlier stages of violence-inciting apocalyptic manifestations in Christianity and Western ideology and how they can be retraced in the communications and enactments of Islamic State. The use of such a narrative explains why the movement has been so much more powerful in attracting followers than al-Qaeda.
On a Distributed Video Surveillance System to Track Persons in Camera Networks
Authors: Martinel Niki
Published: May 2016

In automated video surveillance applications, presenting the useful information to the human operators is a challenging task. Current systems usually require a prohibitive amount of human resources and lead to a quick decrease of the attention of the human operators through time, thus preventing them to catch the relevant events that may be worth to further investigate. In addition, when monitoring a wide area, it becomes hard to deploy a network of video sensors such that there are enough overlapping FoVs to cover every point of the environment. This leads to the development of video surveillance systems (VSS) that provide partial area coverage. As a result, “blind-gaps” between camera FoVs are introduced. One of the most interesting problems which such “blind-gaps” bring in is to re-identify the persons moving across disjoint FoVs.The contribution of the thesis is two-fold. First, an advanced VSS is designed to display the proper taskdependent information to operators that are monitoring a wide area. In particular, the system helps operators in the task of tracking persons across camera views. This raised the need for a system capable of re-identify the subjects moving through disjoint FoVs. This leads to the second contribution of the thesis, a distributed approach to address the challenges of the person re-identification problem.
Les programmes de prise en charge financière des psychothérapies en Australie et en Angleterre
Authors: Vasiliadis Helen-Maria , Dezetter Anne
Published: May 2016

L’article décrit les programmes de prise en charge financière des psychothérapies en Australie et en Angleterre.

Au début des années 2000, le gouvernement australien a implanté une réforme de santé publique visant à permettre un meilleur accès, gratuit ou peu coûteux, aux psychothérapies brèves, en soin primaire, pour les personnes souffrant de troubles mentaux courants. Cette réforme reconnaît l’importance du rôle du médecin généraliste dans la prise en charge des troubles, et la collaboration avec les professionnels de santé mentale. Deux programmes ont été mis en oeuvre : Access to Allied Psychological Services en 2003 et Better Access en 2006. En 2009, deux millions d’Australiens ont reçu onze millions de séances de psychothérapies. Les études ont montré des résultats positifs sur l’amélioration de l’accès aux soins de santé mentale primaires et sur la santé des patients.

L’Angleterre a mis en place le programme Improving Access to psychological Therapies en 2007 en offrant un service de psychothérapies brèves pour les personnes souffrant de troubles mentaux courants. Le modèle de soin en étape suit les guides cliniques du National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, le type de professionnel (counselor ou psychothérapeute formés), le nombre de séances (4 à 13) et la méthode thérapeutique varient selon la sévérité du trouble. Un million de patients ont été traités depuis le début du programme. Les études ont aussi montré des résultats de santé positifs pour les patients du programme. En conclusion les programmes de prise en charge des psychothérapies s’avèrent coûts-efficaces.