bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PSRDP: A Parallel Processing Method for Pulsar Baseband Data
Authors: Zhang Ya-Zhou , Zhang Hai-Long , Wang Jie , Ye Xin-Chen , Wang Shuang-Qiang , Du Xu , Wu Han , Zhang Ting , Guo Shao-Cong , Zhang Meng
Published: November 2023

To address the problem of real-time processing of ultra-wide bandwidth pulsar baseband data, we designed and implemented a pulsar baseband data processing algorithm (PSRDP) based on GPU parallel computing technology. PSRDP can perform operations such as baseband data unpacking, channel separation, coherent dedispersion, Stokes detection, phase and folding period prediction, and folding integration in GPU clusters. We tested the algorithm using the J0437-4715 pulsar baseband data generated by the CASPSR and Medusa backends of the Parkes, and the J0332+5434 pulsar baseband data generated by the self-developed backend of the NanShan Radio Telescope. We obtained the pulse profiles of each baseband data. Through experimental analysis, we have found that the pulse profiles generated by the PSRDP algorithm in this paper are essentially consistent with the processing results of Digital Signal Processing Software for Pulsar Astronomy (DSPSR), which verified the effectiveness of the PSRDP algorithm. Furthermore, using the same baseband data, we compared the processing speed of PSRDP with DSPSR, and the results showed that PSRDP was not slower than DSPSR in terms of speed. The theoretical and technical experience gained from the PSRDP algorithm research in this article lays a technical foundation for the real-time processing of QTT (Qi Tai radio Telescope) ultra-wide bandwidth pulsar baseband data.
Improving EEG-based decoding of the locus of auditory attention through domain adaptation
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Authors: Wilroth Johanna , Bernhardsson Bo , Heskebeck Frida , Skoglund Martin A , Bergeling Carolina , Alickovic Emina
Published: November 2023

Objective. This paper presents a novel domain adaptation (DA) framework to enhance the accuracy of electroencephalography (EEG)-based auditory attention classification, specifically for classifying the direction (left or right) of attended speech. The framework aims to improve the performances for subjects with initially low classification accuracy, overcoming challenges posed by instrumental and human factors. Limited dataset size, variations in EEG data quality due to factors such as noise, electrode misplacement or subjects, and the need for generalization across different trials, conditions and subjects necessitate the use of DA methods. By leveraging DA methods, the framework can learn from one EEG dataset and adapt to another, potentially resulting in more reliable and robust classification models. Approach. This paper focuses on investigating a DA method, based on parallel transport, for addressing the auditory attention classification problem. The EEG data utilized in this study originates from an experiment where subjects were instructed to selectively attend to one of the two spatially separated voices presented simultaneously. Main results. Significant improvement in classification accuracy was observed when poor data from one subject was transported to the domain of good data from different subjects, as compared to the baseline. The mean classification accuracy for subjects with poor data increased from 45.84% to 67.92%. Specifically, the highest achieved classification accuracy from one subject reached 83.33%, a substantial increase from the baseline accuracy of 43.33%. Significance. The findings of our study demonstrate the improved classification performances achieved through the implementation of DA methods. This brings us a step closer to leveraging EEG in neuro-steered hearing devices.
Machine learning based parameter sensitivity of regional climate models—a case study of the WRF model for heat extremes over Southeast Australia
Authors: Reddy P Jyoteeshkumar , Chinta Sandeep , Matear Richard , Taylor John , Baki Harish , Thatcher Marcus , Kala Jatin , Sharples Jason
Published: November 2023

Heatwaves and bushfires cause substantial impacts on society and ecosystems across the globe. Accurate information of heat extremes is needed to support the development of actionable mitigation and adaptation strategies. Regional climate models are commonly used to better understand the dynamics of these events. These models have very large input parameter sets, and the parameters within the physics schemes substantially influence the model’s performance. However, parameter sensitivity analysis (SA) of regional models for heat extremes is largely unexplored. Here, we focus on the southeast Australian region, one of the global hotspots of heat extremes. In southeast Australia Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is the widely used regional model to simulate extreme weather events across the region. Hence in this study, we focus on the sensitivity of WRF model parameters to surface meteorological variables such as temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed during two extreme heat events over southeast Australia. Due to the presence of multiple parameters and their complex relationship with output variables, a machine learning (ML) surrogate-based global SA method is considered for the SA. The ML surrogate-based Sobol SA is used to identify the sensitivity of 24 adjustable parameters in seven different physics schemes of the WRF model. Results show that out of these 24, only three parameters, namely the scattering tuning parameter, multiplier of saturated soil water content, and profile shape exponent in the momentum diffusivity coefficient, are important for the considered meteorological variables. These SA results are consistent for the two different extreme heat events. Further, we investigated the physical significance of sensitive parameters. This study’s results will help in further optimising WRF parameters to improve model simulation.
The role of rhizosphere microbes as phosphate solubilizing bio fertilizers in shallot: a review
Authors: Marpaung A E , Susilowati D N , Sopha G A , Siagian D R , Girsang S S , Tarigan R , Marpaung I S , Silitonga T F , Sabrina T , Rauf A , Karo B , Hutabarat R C , Barus S
Published: November 2023

Crops need nutrients to grow, develop, and produce yields, both in macro and micronutrients form. One of the essential macronutrients is phosphorus (P). Phosphorus is required by plants to produce plant biomass. Andisols are often used as agricultural lands in the highlands of the tropics. This soil type has high P retention and low available P. Andisol contains clay minerals with up to 97.8% P-retention. Therefore, this condition led to low P availability, but high total P in the soils. There was a tendency to increase the dose of inorganic fertilizers, especially P fertilizer in this area. A survey reported that shallot Andisol farmers applied P fertilizer about five times of shallot recommendation rate, however, the production has not increased, yet. The high rate of chemical fertilizers causes land degradation and environmental pollution. One of the solutions to increase phosphorus availability is by improving P solubility which increases P uptake by plants. Increasing P solubility is environmentally friendly and can be done by utilizing phosphate-solubilizing microbes which are often found in the plant rhizosphere. The use of phosphate-solubilizing microbes for plants today can be found in bio-fertilizers. This method could maintain soil health and give a good impact to the plant growth and production. This review would determine the use of phosphate-solubilizing microbes to manage P deficiency in Andisol soils. Some study cases about the effect of phosphate-solubilizing microbes on plant performances would also be addressed. Currently, it is hoped that farmers will begin to implement environmentally friendly agriculture by giving phosphate-solubilizing bio fertilizers to escalate available P and production.
The effect of AB mix fertilizer concentration on the yield of Marigold (Tagetes erecta) under hydroponic condition
Authors: Nudin Y J , Walunguru L , Lussy N D
Published: November 2023

In hydroponic substrate cultivation, nutrients are only sourced from fertilizers; therefore, fertilizer application must pay attention to concentration. The right concentration of fertilizer, namely AB Mix, affects the quality of marigold flowers (Tagetes erecta). The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of flower AB mix fertilizer concentration and obtain the best AB mix fertilizer concentration for marigold flower yields on cultivated hydroponic substrate. This research was carried out in May–July 2022 at the screen house of the Horticulture Industry Technology Study Program. The study used Group Randomized Design (GRD), with AB mix fertilizer treatment tested at a concentration of 1000; 1100; 1200; 1300; 1400; 1500; and 1600 ppm. The data obtained were analyzed with various fingerprints and continued with the honest significant difference (HSD) test level of 5% if there was a real effect. The parameters observed are the number of flowers, the diameter of the flower, and the fresh weight of the flower per plant. The results obtained are: 1. The concentration of AB mix fertilizer has a significant influence on the number of flowers, flower diameter, and fresh weight of flowers per plant). AB mix fertilizer with a concentration of 1,200 ppm is the best concentration because it produces marigold plants with the highest number of flowers (17.67 florets), the widest flower diameter (in the first harvest it was 79.31 mm, the second harvest was 78.12 mm, and the third harvest was 78.16 mm), and the heaviest flower weight (in the first harvest it was 15.11 g, the second harvest was 14.33 g, and the third harvest was 12.67 g).
The Use of rhizobia and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza to improve drought resistance of Kudzu (Pueraria phaseoloides (Roxb.)Benth.) in coastal land
Authors: Triwahyuningsih N , Kusmiyarti T B
Published: November 2023

A study was conducted to examine the association between Rhizobium and VAM fungi on the kudzu plant growth and response to drought stress in coastal dry land. The research was carried out in three phases: (1) germination of kudzu seeds; (2) multiplication of VAM and Rhizobia inoculums; and (3) inoculation of fungi and/or bacteria on plants grown at various soil moisture content. At the inoculation phase, the pot experiment was carried out for 8 weeks with a pot experiment arranged based on a 4 x 4 treatment factorial Completely Randomized Design with three replications to test the source of the inoculum and soil moisture content (25%, 50%, 75%, 100%). Observations were made on: (1) Rhizobial infection activity and nodulation; (2) VAM infection activity; (3) plant growth, and 4) population dynamics of rhizobacteria. The results showed that the rhizobia inoculation alone was not able to increase the bacterial infection activity and root nodulation, the VAM fungal infection, and plant growth. Inoculation with VAM fungi alone was able to stimulate infection activity of nodule-forming bacteria and root nodulation, VAM fungal infection activity, and plant growth. The combination of VAM fungal and rhizobial inoculation was able to stimulate fungal infection activity and growth of plant roots and shoots, but not always able to stimulate bacterial infection activity and root nodulation. Inoculation of VAM fungi alone was able to stimulate the plant growth rates even up to a drought stress level of 75%. This means that inoculation of VAM fungi alone was able to increase drought resistance and maintain the plant growth rates at high levels of drought stress.
Eco-enzyme enhanced the growth of rice cultivars
Authors: Defiani M R , Astarini I A
Published: November 2023

Organic farming has been increasingly lately to support healthy food for consumers. Organic rice is already produced in Bali for local rice cultivars (red, white, and black color of rice) at Jatiluwih Village, Tabanan Regency using manure, compost and biopesticide. Nowadays, eco-enzyme can be applied as liquid organic fertilizer for increasing soil fertility. Eco-enzyme are produced by fermentation process from kitchen waste, such as rind of fruit and vegetables. The experiment was conducted to observed the used of eco-enzyme for rice growth using modification of SRI (System of Rice Intensification). The method initially started from seeds germination at media consist of soil, compost and manure (1:1:1). Three rice cultivars (Red Rice Jatiluwih, Red Rice Pulagan and White Rice ‘Mentik Susu’) seeds were growth using two solutions (commercial liquid organic fertilizer namely LOF (10%) and eco-enzyme (0.1%) for spraying with 5 replications. Seeds germinated almost 90-95% for both solution after four days. Red Rice from Jatiluwih showed significance increase using eco-enzyme on plant height about 25% higher than spraying by liquid organic fertilizer. Red Rice from Pulagan, Gianyar and White rice ‘Mentik Susu’ only enhanced 10% and 5%, higher using eco-enzyme respectively. Rice paddy that treated by eco-enzyme can be harvested (2-3 weeks) faster than using commercial liquid organic fertilizer. White rice ‘Mentik Susu’ showed positive response with eco-enzyme treatment because had more tillers to increase harvest product than other cultivars. The use of eco-enzyme can assist plant growth by enzyme activity in soil, therefore more availability of nutrients for root uptake.
The role of combination insectary plants and botanical pesticides in increasing arthropod populations of natural enemies and suppressing populations of s. frugiperda in corn
Authors: Muliadi  , Sjam S , Thamrin S
Published: November 2023

Spodoptera frugiperda is the main pest of corn with a high level of attack intensity. Utilization of natural enemies both predators and parasitoids can be lured using zinnia flowers could be an effective control technique in suppressing armyworm pest populations. Pests hate the smells and taste of botanical insecticides a mixed of maja fruit and giant milkweed leaves which contain secondary metabolites such as volatile, pectin, saponins and tannins. This study aims to determine the effect of zinnia flowers and the application of botanical insecticides in suppressing armyworm populations. This research was carried out in Padakkalawa, Mattirobulu District, Pinrang Regency and Universitas Hasanuddin’s Laboratory of Insect and Plant Disease Relations. The research observed pest intensity, larval population and natural enemies. The results showed that the highest attack intensity was observed in the control treatment with an average of 12.59%/plant. The highest observed larval population was in the control with an average of 2.13 individuals/plant. In observing natural enemy arthropods in all observation techniques, the highest population of natural enemy arthropods was in the combination treatment of zinnia flowers and botanical insecticides with the most species being Lasius niger or ants which was significantly different from the control treatment. The results showed that the combination of insect plants and the application of botanical pesticides had an effect on the population and attack intensity of S. frugiperda larvae and populations of natural enemy arthropods.
Host range of three isolates of papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) found in North Sumatera and West Java
Authors: Riska  , Budiyanti T , Jumjunidang  , Husada E D
Published: November 2023

Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) isolates collectd from North Sumatera and West Java were evaluated for host range using mechanical inoculation. PRSV is one of the dangerous diseases in papaya plants in Indonesia reported to have a limited host range and caused symptom variation on plants. The study aim to determine the host range of three PRSV isolates from North Sumatera and West Java to several crops. Incidence of PRSV symptoms on plants was observed by morphological characterization. The experimental results showed that two PRSV isolates from Medan Ampelas and Deli Serdang North Sumatera, and Cibinong West Java isolates were pathogenic and caused systemic symptoms to Carica papaya cv. MD (Caricacea), melon (C. melo) and bitter melon (Momordica charantia). The symptom of infected papaya by the three isolates are vein clearing, mosaic on leaves, leaf blanching, wilt, and mottle on leaf lamina. The isolates caused asymptomatic to eggplant (Solanum melongena) and choy sum (Brassica rapa), asparagus bean (Vigna unguiculata), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum syn. lycopersicum esculentum). Melon plants showed symptoms of vein clearing and lamina blanching by Medan Ampelas, and Cibinong isolates respectively, and bitter melon showed symptoms of vein clearing and leaf malformation, and mottle by isolate of Medan Ampelas and Cibinong respectively. The two plant species display asymptomatic by isolate of Deli Serdang. Isolate of Deli serdang has the potential to be a mild strain of PRSV. Complete characterization of mild strains of plant virus through molecular technology approaches can enrich understanding of the potential of these organisms for cross-protection.
Morphological characterization and screening of Impatiens wild species for heat tolerance
Authors: Kartikaningrum S , Mawaddah  , Pramanik D , Dewanti M , Badriah DS , Shintiavira H , Diningsih E , Hanudin  , Nuryani W , Sihombing D , Handayati W , Nurdina D , Ariantika S , Soehendi R , Yufdy MP , Utami N
Published: November 2023

Impatiens sp. is an annual plant that flowers all year round. High temperature stress is a major challenge limiting crop productivity. The research was conducted at experiment garden in Palasari Cipanas, BRIN, Indonesia, at an altitude of 1000 ASL, from January - April 2023. The aim of the research was to explore the morphological variation of Impatiens wild species and to obtain some heat tolerance accession for next breeding program. Twenty nine accession of Impatiens were observed for the qualitative and quantitative data including the evaluation of heat tolerance. Twelve qualitative characters were recorded. The qualitative characters were analyzed as degree of similarity. DICE Similarity coefficient of qualitative data was 0.06. Broad variability in the genotypic, phenotypic variances and genetic advance was found for leaf length, leaf width and heat tolerance score. Of the electrolyte leakage analyses, it was found that flower length, ventral petal length width, lateral petal length and spur length positively support the high tolerance of Impatiens accession to heat stress. The darker color of the stem, anther, and bract is followed by a reduction in the dimension of flower width, lateral petal width, dorsal petal width and spur length but the increased leaf thicknesses. There was no direct correlation between the heat tolerance score and the leaf thickness. The largest data diversity explained by 3 factors with a total variance of 68.88 %.
Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of Aphanamixis polystachya (Wall.) R.Parker leaf extract and its potential as antioxidant and inhibitor of α-glucosidase
Authors: Wibawa I P A H , Hanafi M , Li’aini A S , Rahayu A , Lugrayasa I N , Butardo V M , Mahon P J
Published: November 2023

Indonesia is one of the countries with the highest plant diversity in the world, including the Aphanamixis genus, and they use the plants in this genus as traditional medicine. The genus Aphanamixis has a wide variety of compounds with different activities, such as insecticidal, leishmanicidal, antimicrobial, anticancer, cytotoxic against some cancer cells, and antioxidant The focus of this research is to find out about the anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-bacterial activities of Aphanamixis polystachya leaf extract from the Bali Botanical Garden plant collection. The antioxidant activity assay was carried out by scavenging the free radical 1-(2,6-dimethylphenoxy)-2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl ethylamino) propane hydrochloride (DPPH). The antidiabetic assay was carried out by inhibiting the activity of the α-glucosidas eenzyme, while the antibacterial test was carried out by the agar diffusion method. Based on the data generated in this study, the active ingredients of A. polystachya leaf extracts have high potency as antioxidants and α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitors, but the extract was not effective in inhibiting bacterial growth.
Isolation of potential Zn solubilizing bacteria from corn rhizosphere
Authors: Irmadamayanti A , Jayadi M , Mantja K
Published: November 2023

Deficiency of micronutrients is a limiting factor in crop productivity. In terms of micronutrient deficiencies, zinc (Zn) deficiency is considered the most common. Obstacles to the availability of Zn in plants are not caused by the low total concentration of Zn, but by the low solubility of Zn in the soil. Therefore, a feasible approach is to exploit the capacity of soil microorganisms, especially bacteria, to convert the insoluble form of Zn to the soluble form of Zn, thereby increasing its availability and ability of plants to absorb it. This study aims to isolate various bacteria with the potential to dissolve Zn. Bacterial isolates obtained from the rhizosphere of corn plants were tested on insoluble zinc compounds, such as ZnCO3, ZnO, and Zn3(PO4)2 separately. Dissolving potential was assessed qualitatively by observing the formation of transparent zones. Of the 56 types of bacteria tested, only 6 isolates formed transparent zones. The results showed variations in the efficiency of dissolving insoluble Zn compounds between bacteria and the Zn sources used. Isolate Btg.2.3 showed the widest transparent zone in Zn media (ZnO, ZnCO3, and Zn3(PO4)2) with sizes of 20.0 mm, 24.0 mm and 15.7 mm, while isolate Bn.1.7 showed the smallest transparent zone with sizes 14.0 mm, 14.3 mm and 8.7 mm. The area of the transparent zone indicates the level of solubility and can be related to the dissolution of soluble Zn compounds produced by bacterial isolates. Of the Zn sources used, ZnCO3 showed the highest formation of transparent zones, followed by ZnO and Zn3(PO4)2.
Tissue Culture of Four Varieties of Date Palm Grown in Indonesia
Authors: Sinta M M , Saptari R T , Riyadi I , Sumaryono
Published: November 2023

In vitro propagation of date palms adaptive to Indonesian agroclimate is one of the solutions for providing superior date palm planting material. This study aimed to induce embryogenic calli and regenerate the calli into plantlets of four varieties of date palm grown in Indonesia: three female varieties (Barhee, Ajwa, and Khalas) and one male variety (Jarvis). The materials used were offshoots of the date palm trees that had been flowered at the Jonggol Farm, Bogor, Indonesia. Four layers (layer 1 is the innermost layer and 4 is the outermost layer) of the offshoot were cultured on MMS media added with 100 mg/L 2,4-D combined with 1 and 3 mg/L 2-iP. The results showed that primary callus for var Bahee and Ajwa emerged at 12 weeks after culture. Barhee and Ajwa, and at 18 weeks for Jarvis and Khalas. In var. Jarvis and Khalas, calli were induced only in layer 1 cultured on the media with 1 and 3 mg/L 2-iP. In comparison, callus induction of var. Barhee date palm was successfully performed in layer 1 and 2 on the media with 1 mg/L 2-iP. On the contrary, callus induction in var. Ajwa was successful in layer 1 and layer 2, on the media supplemented both with 1 or 3 mg/L 2-iP. Germination of the date palm somatic embryos into shoots, using non-hormone media occurred successfully in var. Ajwa, Jarvis, and Khalas, but not in Barhee. Regeneration of the shoots into plantlets was carried out successfully only in var. Ajwa and Jarvis. In conclusion, in vitro propagation of date palm was successfully conducted in Jarvis and Ajwa varieties, while var Barhee was the most difficult among the four varieties.
Recollection and conservation of Vatica javanica subsp. scaphifolia, a critically endangered endemic tree species in Southeastern Borneo
Authors: Primananda E , Pratama B A , Susanti R , Wibisono Y , Hamidi A , Rinandio D S , Robiansyah I
Published: November 2023

Vatica javanicasubsp.scaphifolia(Kosterm.) P.S.Ashton (Dipterocarpaceae) is an endemic tree confined to Southeastern Borneo. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List classifies the species as Critically Endangered (CR) based on the assessment conducted 25 years ago. The species is not collected yet in any ex-situ conservation areas in the world. After more than 3 decades since the last herbarium specimen was collected in 1991, here this study reported the recollection and new locations ofV. javanicasubsp.scaphifoliain Bukit Bangkirai Forest, Kutai Kartanegara Regency, East Kalimantan Province. The confirmation of the species involved a comparison between the newest collected specimens and living photos and the specimen type and key to the species in the protologue. The present research provides new information on the morphology of the tree species through photos of the wild living plants. Using an exploration survey method, this research recorded the population in two locations with elevation ranges of 70-95 m. The field survey located a total of 13 immature individuals with height and diameter ranges of 2.1-14.7 m and 1-9.7 cm, respectively. The study observed that forest conversion into rubber plantations(Hevea brasiliensis)and open coal mining are the main threats to the species. Conservation of the species has been done by collecting plant materials to serve as the first ex-situ living collection at the Bogor Botanic Gardens BRIN.
Dendrobium sp. subcultures with instant Vacin Went media against many concentrations of fruit waste liquid organic fertilizer plus
Authors: Juwaningsih E H A , Hasan A , Pandjaitan C
Published: November 2023

Orchids are ornamental plants in great demand by collectors and the public due to the varieties colors of Orchid flowers and the price. This study aims to determine the effect and obtain the concentration of the application of fruit waste liquid organic fertilizer plus on the growth and development of a Dendrobium sp. sub-culture on VW media in vitro. The research had been carried out from May to August 2022 at the Biotechnology Laboratory of Kupang State Agricultural Polytechnic. The study design used a single-factor complete randomized design consisting of six treatments and four replications. The tested factors were six level of concentrations of fruit waste liquid organic fertilizer plus instant VW media in vitro, which are: instant VW media; instant VW media + 2.5 ml/L; instant VW media + 5 ml/L; instant VW media + 7.5 ml/L; instant VW media + 10 ml/L; and instant VW media + 12.5 ml/L. The results showed that the best concentration of Fruit Waste Plus LOF for the growth of Dendrobium orchid explants is the treatment instant VW media + 7.5 ml/L LOF, which is shown by the time of bud emergence (10.75 days after planting), number of shoots (2.38), shoot height (3.5 mm), number of roots (1.38), and root length (2.5 mm).
Effect of various LED light on the growth and reproductive of in vitro-derived Indonesian chili pepper (Capsicum annum) Kopay and Laris varieties
Authors: Sulistyowati Y , Wahyuni  , Hartati NS , Kim J , Cho E , Seskar M , Raskin I , Sudarmonowati E
Published: November 2023

Red chili (Capsicum annuum), is one of the horticultural commodities that has a high demand. The production, however, is limited because of unsuitable climate and pest attack. Artificial light using LED light in indoor farming is a potential approach to solve the problem and for the production of metabolites for human health. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of various LED lights (white, red, blue, UV and combination red+blue) on two Indonesian chili pepper (Capsicum annuum) varieties Kopay and Laris derived from in vitro cultures and grown in the growth chamber and the greenhouse. Parameters observed were leaves number, plant height, number and weight of axillary buds, number of flower and number of young fruits. The results showed that Laris and Kopay under red and blue light significantly different on height character at 66 DAT. In Laris variety, the highest leaves number observed in plants under red light, while the highest young fruit number observed under blue light. Both red and blue lights grew taller than white light. In Kopay variety, combination red+blue light resulted in higher value in plant height, number of flowers has bloomed, number of axillary buds and weight of axillary buds at 37 DAT. The highest young fruit number observed in plants under white light. These results demonstrated that light wavelength through LED light affected plant growth and development. The findings are crucial for determining the best treatment for producing fruits containing health related-metabolites accumulated in chili peppers of each variety.
Autoinduction expression of Bst DNA polymerase using lac operon-controlled expression systems in Escherichia coli
Authors: Laksmi F A , Nuryana I , Vivid C , Hadi M I
Published: November 2023

Autoinduction simplified the steps for protein production by omitting the need to monitor the correct time for addition of inducer. This method is preferable for industrially production of protein. By using lac operon-controlled expression system, it is possible to produce the protein without the addition of IPTG as inducer. In a conventional way, IPTG was added at the exponential growth phase. By using autoinduction, IPTG could be replaced by lactose in the lac operon-controlled expression systems. Lactose was already supplemented in the medium and it was more cost efficient than IPTG. Therefore, this study aims to employ autoinduction method for expression of our protein target as it is a more convenient way and it is suitable for industrial application. In this study, DNA polymerase from Geobacillus stearothermophilus (Bst DNA polymerase), an enzyme which generally used in loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay, was expressed using lac operon-controlled expression systems in Escherichia coli. Bst DNA polymerase was successfully expressed using autoinduction expression method in LB medium containing 0.2% Lactose.
Embryogenic callus induction of Indonesian Cassava (Menti and Adira 4) on different picloram concentrations
Authors: Azizi A A A , Rahman N , Hartati N S , Koerniati S , Hastilestari B R , Sukmadjaja D , Witjaksono
Published: November 2023

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is an important staple crop in tropic countries. A reproducible somatic embryogenic callus production will be useful in the biotechnology breeding program for plants including cassava. Menti and Adira-4 are two types of high yield cassava genetic resources in Indonesia. Immature leaf lobes from cassava in vitro were used as explants on MS basal medium with five level concentrations of Picloram: 0 mg L−1, 3 mg L−1, 5 mg L−1, 10 mg L−1, and 12 mg L−1. Initial embryogenic callus were seen on the explants in 2 weeks after treatment. Explants were then subcultured to the same medium every three weeks until three cycles of subculture to proliferate pro-embryos. Result showed that MS basal medium containing picloram 3 – 12 mg L−1 could induce embryogenic callus formation in Menti and Adira 4 immature leaf lobe explants. The highest percentage of explants forming embryogenic callus was on D medium (MS + 3 mg L−1 Picloram). These findings would suggest that at all picloram concentrations tested both varieties of cassava showed a high embryogenic callus production. High frequency on embryogenic callus formation is a key step in cassava regeneration system specifically to support the modern breeding program.
Textile dye decolourisation of yeast isolated from Tuak starter culture
Authors: Setiono S , Sophiano T , Purnomo JS , Victor H , Pinontoan R
Published: November 2023

The textile industry is one of the largest industries in the world and contributes positively to the economic growth of a country. However, the improper disposal of textile dye effluents results in discharging of high concentrations of textile dyes into the environment. Moreover, the inherent stability of textile dyes makes them hard to remove from the environment, which can harm organisms in polluted areas. Biological decolourisation was considered as a strategy to remediate textile dyes. Microbial decolourisation of textile dyes involves using various species of bacteria and fungi from different sources that can degrade or accumulate dye molecules. Although Indonesia is a well–known country with rich biodiversity, research on microbial decolourisation is still limited. Therefore, this study explored the decolourisation potential of microbes from the starter culture of Tuak, a traditional Indonesian alcoholic beverage made from fermented sugar palm or rice. Potential microbes were screened on yeast peptone dextrose solid agar (YPD) supplemented with various textile dyes. Isolates that formed a clear zone around the colony were further examined for decolourisation activity in broth culture media, and the decrease in dye concentration was measured spectrophotometrically. The results showed that two potential yeast isolates could decolourise Congo red and malachite green. Identification of the isolates by observation of colony and cell morphology and biochemical characteristics indicated that the two isolated yeasts belonged to the genera Saccharomyces and(or) Candida.
Biomolecular mycorrhizal diversity in Azadirechta excelsa (Jack) Jacobs roots in habitats with different altitude
Authors: Anwar G , Sipriyadi  , Ketaren C L
Published: November 2023

Azadirechta excelsa is a member of the Meliaceae family with high economic value. This tree is widely planted in South Sumatra, especially in Bengkulu Province. The mutualism symbiosis between several Meliaceae plants and mycorrhiza plants has been studied. However, the diversity of mycorrhiza in the roots of A. excelsa is not well known. We conducted a biomolecular analysis of the roots of this tree species to find out in more detail the types of mycorrhiza associated with the roots and investigated habitat differences in altitude (highland and lowland) that affect mycorrhizal diversity. We used the DNA sequencing method from the roots of A. excelsa and amplified it through PCR using ITS primers forward ITS5.8S and reverse ITS4. We took 14 root samples of E. excelsa; 6 trees from the highland (959 m asl) and eight trees from the lowland (63m asl). The average age of the tree is eight years. The results of the sequencing identification from NCBI using the BLAST method found ten types of mycorrhiza from 4 families associated with A. excelsa roots. They are seven species from the Mycenaceae family (Mycena sp, Filoboletus manipularis, M. amicta, M. pura, M. rosea, M. citrinomarginata, and Favolaschia manipularis), one species from the Psathyrellaceae family (Psathyrella sp), one species from the Tricholomataceae family (Tricholomataceae sp), and one species from the Agaricaceae family (Agaricales sp). All of those types of mycorrhiza belong to the Agaricales order, the Agaricomycetes class from the Basidiomycota phylum. There was no specific type of mycorrhiza that occupied the roots of the tree. Thus, the difference in altitude did not affect the type of mycorrhiza on A. excelsa roots.
Fractional inhibitory concentration index of the allicin and flavonoids combinations against Ganoderma boninense
Authors: Yusup C A , Eris D D , Pradana M G , Mulyatni A S , Widiastuti H
Published: November 2023

Allicin and several flavonoids were known to have antifungal activity against various fungi. The antifungal capability of allicin and flavonoids varies depending on the target fungi; the combination of both compounds was expected to increase its antifungal activity. As a major disease of oil palm, basal stem rot (BSR) caused by Ganoderma boninense always be a top concern of oil palm farmers. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of combining allicin with hesperidin and rutin on antifungal activity against G. boninense through the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index. The FIC index was determined using a checkerboard assay with media poisoning methods. The allicin concentration tested was 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.8%, while the hesperidin and rutin concentrations were 1.25%, 2.5%, 5%, and 10%. All combinations were done in triplicate and incubated for twelve days. The result showed that a combination of allicin with hesperidin or rutin was the additive interaction that lowers the concentration of each compound with similar inhibition rate of G. boninense in vitro. Combining allicin with rutin was considered better than hesperidin due to the higher inhibition rate of G. boninense. The allicin-rutin combination has a lower concentration with a 100% inhibition rate of G. boninense in vitro.
Determination of Marker Compounds of Senna alata from different location in East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Salam D M , Laksmita A N , Fernandes A , Maharani R , Saputro S H
Published: November 2023

Senna alata is a plant used for medical purposes, and its leaves have an extended history of use as a traditional herbal medicine in Indonesia. S. alata is known to contain some components of biologically active compounds and also secondary metabolites. In fact, S. alata can grow well in various locations in Indonesia, location differences can lead to differences in compound content due to differences in environmental conditions such as soil, rainfall, light intensity, and humidity. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze marker compounds of S. alata plants origin from three different location in East Kalimantan, i.e Samarinda, Samboja, and Berau. This research was conducted to estimate the compounds contained in extracts by using GC-MS analysis, and to discover relationships between different variables by using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). There are variances in the yield of secondary metabolites according on where Senna alata is grown, specifically in the riverside Nyapa Indah region and the plains of Samarinda and Samboja. Based on GC-MS test results, Phytol was the main compound in S.alata in two areas, i.e. Samarinda and Samboja. Meanwhile, in Berau showed that 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, and mono (2-ethylhexyl) ester were the main components. However, S. alata leaf extracts could be used as a good quality raw material for pharmaceutical industries, such as a laxative agent.
Alcohol concentration from fermentation and distillation of Palm sap (Arenga pinnata) in North Halmahera, Indonesia
Authors: Anwar Y , Puspitasari C , Fatriasari W
Published: November 2023

Palm plants (Arenga pinnata) are multifunctional plants because almost all parts of this plant can be used for the needs of the local community. The main products of tapping palm sap can be used as sugar, drinks, vinegar, and alcohol. This study aims to identify the alcohol concentration of fermentation and distillation of palm sap in North Halmahera, Indonesia. The method of making alcoholic beverages from the tapping of palm sap is carried out traditionally by farmers of Nort Halmahera, with the first stage, namely palm sap fermented for three days. The second stage is the distillation process. Then the distillation results are measured alcohol concentration using an alcohol detection device, namely an Alcoholmeter. The results, showed that the alcohol concentration produced after the fermentation process for 3 days was 3%. The alcohol concentration produced in the first distillation is 70%, the second distillation alcohol concentration is 45%, and the third distillation alcohol concentration is 31%. It is found that it takes 11 hours to get the level of alcohol that can be consumed.
Bioprospecting antiobesity and anticholesterol activity of ethanolic extract of Clidemia hirta leaves grown at Merapi Mountain National Park in a high fat diet-induced obese Swiss Webster mice
Authors: Prima C N , Widhiastuti S S , Nurwijayanto A , Arsiningtyas I S
Published: November 2023

Clidemia hirta is one of the invasive species. Its presence is undesirable in conservation areas such as Merapi Mount National Park. Bioprospecting its antiobesity activity could not only be the alternative solution to solve obesity problems but also to control their presence in Merapi Mount National Park. This study aims to determine the antiobesity activity of the ethanolic extract of C. hirta against the Swiss Webster strain male mice induced high-fat diet. Dried leaves were extracted using ethanol 96% with the maceration method for 48 hours. The extract was investigated for its secondary metabolites’ quantification for flavonoid, tannin, alkaloid, and total polyphenol content. Then the antiobesity test was carried out by dividing six treatment groups consisting of 4 mice. The treatment group was divided into normal control, negative control, positive control (orlistat 60 mg/kg body weight), and extract doses of 250, 500, and 750 mg/kg body weight. The parameter observed was the activity of mice, feces, feed residue, body weight, and total blood cholesterol levels for each group of mice during the treatment for 28 days. The results showed that extracts contained 35.56 ± 1.99 mg QE/g, 2.651 ± 5.10 mg TAE/g, 4.500 ± 0.49 mg GAE/g, 0.305 ± 0.85 mg AE/g. Ethanolic extract of C. hirta leaves showed antiobesity and anticholesterol activity compared to positive control. Clidemia hirta is a potential plant to be developed as a product for antiobesity and anticholesterol.
Seven types of phenolic acid and inhibitory activity for protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) from the stem of Sandoricum koetjape
Authors: Saadah S , Tulandi SM , Rohman RA
Published: November 2023

Sandoricum koetjapehas been traditionally used in Indonesian medicine for generations. The stem was used as a remedy for helminthiasis, sneezing, stomachache, indigestion, abdominal pain, leucorrhea, colic, and fever in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to identify the phenolic acids found in the stem ofS. koetjapeand to test their ability to inhibit the protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B). P-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, syringic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, and gallic acid were identified as phenolic acids found in theS. koetjapestem. The interaction of phenolic acids with the PTP1B was predicted using molecular docking. PTP1B has been linked to diabetes, obesity, tumors, and Alzheimer’s. The autodock 4.2 program, which is integrated with the pyrx v.09.8 virtual screening tool, was used to conduct the docking studies. Interacting between p-coumaric acid with PTP1-B on amino acids Glu115, Lys116, Lys120, Cys215, Ala217, Gly218, Ile219, Gly220, and Arg221. P-coumaric acid fulfills Lipinski’s rule and therefore can be taken orally. P-coumaric acid is expected to have a high oral bioavailability in humans, great absorption in the intestine, and an equivalent distribution in blood plasma and intestine. P-coumaric acid’s acute toxicity is also expected to be low. P-coumaric acid is also non-toxic to the liver, immune system, mutagenic, and cytotoxic.Sandoricum koetjapephenolic acids, particularly p-coumaric acid, appeared to be an effective PTP1-B inhibitor based on docking results.
Sedimentary Circumstances and Physiographic Sites Impact on the Morphological Properties of Feldspar Minerals of Iraqi Soils
Authors: Al-Zubaidi Ghada Kamal Hamza , Alabadi Luma Abdalalah Sagban
Published: November 2023

The current research aimed to investigate the effect of sedimentary conditions, physiographic locations, proximity, and distance from the source on the morphological characteristics of feldspar minerals diagnosed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) for some selected soils from northern and southern Iraq. The results of SEM present the emergence of a series of surface changes, corrosion, and the absence of healthy surfaces on the surfaces of orthoclase metal. It is dominated by roundness or sphericity, with the polishing of the metal surfaces coinciding with the phenomenon of roundness and sphericity. The edges of the orthoclase mineral were less affected due to being transported over long distances with transported river deposits. The presence of long lines indicates that the metal is subject to weathering and change. One of the most critical manifestations of change occurring on the surfaces of feldspars is the emergence of long parallel lines, which are called linear parallels, which reflect the severity of weathering to which the feldspar minerals were subjected. The morphological characteristics of the surfaces of the mineral microcline appeared under the SEM similar to those shown by the surfaces of the mineral orthoclase with clarity of the phenomenon of linear parallelism and a decrease in the phenomena of sphericity and polishing compared to the surfaces of the mineral orthoclase, which is less stable and resistant to weathering than the microcline. There was a phenomenon of accumulated plates on the surface of the metal, with the edges of the metal being subjected to weathering processes with greater intensity than the surface areas, despite the expansion of the surface area of the metal particles. The appearance of plagioclase of albite type and the edges of its particles were less affected by the weathering processes compared to its surfaces. The reason is attributed to the fact that the edges area is more susceptible to erosion and grinding during transport. This discrepancy in the morphological characteristics of feldspar minerals is attributed to their influence on the processes of weathering, transport, and sedimentation in the soils of the study areas and to the variation in their physiographic locations and their distance and proximity to the Iraqi-Iranian border strip in southern Iraq within the sedimentary plain affected by sediments coming from the heights of Iran in addition to being affected by the sediments of the Tigris River.
Effect of Different Crude Oil Levels on A bioavailability of Some Heavy Metals in Two Different Texture Soils
Authors: Al-Robai Hazim Aziz , Shaker Athmar Muayad
Published: November 2023

Soil polluted with crude oil is one of the most serious environmental problems in the world, which is mostly caused by human activity. Crude oil-associated heavy metals in the polluted soils are still considered as one of the major issue around the globe. Two soils were polluted with crude oil at levels of 0.0, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 30 ml.kg−, then concentrations of heavy elements were added, 30 ml.kg− and 140 ml.kg− for lead and nickel and 40 ml.kg− and 150 ml.kg− for copper and zinc. When adding levels of (0, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 30) ml.kg− of crude oil and (30 and 140) ml.kg− of lead and nickel, and (40 and 150) ml.kg− of zinc and copper to sandy and clay soils, it turns out a superiority in available lead concentrations over available nickel concentrations in sandy soil on the one hand, and a superiority in available nickel concentrations over available lead concentrations in clay soil when adding concentrations of 30 and 140 ml.kg− of the two elements on the other hand. It was also observed that the available form of copper concentrations were superior to the available form of zinc concentrations in sandy soil, and the available form of zinc concentrations were superior to the available form of copper concentrations in clay soil, when adding low concentrations (40 ml.kg−) and relatively high concentrations (150 ml.kg−). Generally, the results of this study varied depending on the effect of the crude oil levels and heavy metals concentrations.