bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Reducing Dietary Protein Level on Performance Responses and some Microbiological Aspects of Broiler Chickens under Summer Environmental Conditions
Authors: Laudadio Vito , Dambrosio Angela , Normanno Giovanni , Khan Rifat Ullah , Naz Shabana , Rowghani Ebrahim , Tufarelli Vincenzo
Published: June 2012

This study examined the effect of different crude protein (CP) levels in the diet on growth performance of broilers as well as the total aerobic mesophilic count (TAMC) and Escherichia coli count (ECC) isolated from chicken faeces. A total 150 day-old broilers (Hubbard) were allocated to three treatments with five replicates containing 10 birds. The dietary treatments consisted of three diets with different CP levels for 42 days: high-protein (HCP, 22.5%), medium-protein (MCP, 20.5%), and low-protein (LCP, 18.5%). Body weight and feed intake were determined and the feed conversion ratio was calculated. Faecal samples were collected at 14, 21 and 42 days. Dietary CP did not affect the growth performance of broilers. Reducing CP level was effective at beneficially modulating the composition of the faecal microflora, in particular TAMC and ECC concentrations (log10 CFU g−1) were significant lower for the LCP birds. During hot temperature conditions (33°C and 70% relative humidity) a low protein diet may help to control the characteristics of the faecal microbial community without negative effects on broiler performance.
An Improved Plant Regeneration of Vanilla planifolia Andrews
Authors: Tan Boon Chin , Chin Chiew Foan , Alderson Peter
Published: June 2012

Multiple shoots of Vanilla planifolia were induced from nodal explants under influence of different concentrations of plant growth regulators and coconut water (CW). A comparison of shoot regeneration between semi solid and liquid culture media was also investigated.  Ninety seven per cent of the explants produced a mean number of 9.6 shoots with a mean shoot length of 4.70 cm when cultured on liquid MS supplemented with 1.0 mg/l BAP in combination of 15% CW. Shoots generated were rooted with frequency of 93% on MS supplemented with 1.0 mg/l NAA with a mean number of 2.9 roots per shoot and mean length of 4.0 cm within four weeks. The plantlets were transferred to sand : compost mixture (1 : 2) with 85.0% survival rate recorded after four weeks of acclimation.   Key words: Regeneration, coconut water, nodal culture, vanilla   D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v21i1.9560   Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 21(1): 27-33, 2011 (June)
Effect of Mannitol and Sodium Chloride on Some Total Secondary Metabolites of Fenugreek Calli Cultured In vitro
Authors: Hussein Esam A. , Aqlan Esam M.
Published: June 2012

Hypocotyls of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) were cut into 5 mm long segments and used as explants. For obtaining callus under various water and salt stress levels, MS supplemented with 2.0 mg/l BA and 1.0 mg/l NAA was prepared; then divided into nine portions, the first of which was kept as control while to the other portions mannitol (0.1 and 0.3% w/v) and sodium chloride (0.1 and 0.3% w/v) were added separately and interacted. Callus formation was allowed to take place for a period of six weeks in the dark at 250C. Calli from various treatments were then harvested and subjected to growth, total phenolics, total flavonoids and total tannin contents determinations. Results of the present study have shown that the lower concentration of mannitol enhanced growth while the higher concentration enhanced growth, total phenolics and total flavonoid contents in comparison to the control. Mild salt stress which was created by the lower sodium chloride concentration reduced growth with concomitant increase in total phenolics, total flavonoids and total tannins while the higher salt concentration significantly decreased growth and secondary metabolite accumulation as well. Interaction treatments between mannitol and sodium chloride exhibited various effects on calli growth and secondary metabolites levels. This study throws some light on the behavior of cultured fenugreek cells grown under water and salt stress.   Key words: Trigonella foenum-gaecum, callus, abiotic stress, secondary metabolites   D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v21i1.9561   Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 21(1): 35-43, 2011 (June)
Erythrocyte Glutathione Level in Patients of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Bashar Tahmina , Sultan Md Ashraf Uddin , Nahar Zeba Un , Afreen Munira
Published: June 2012

Myocardial infarction is an imbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants. Increase oxidative stress leads lipid peroxidation and malondialdehyde (MDA) is the stable end product of lipid peroxidation. But erythrocyte glutathione (GSH) plays an important role in auto-oxidation of oxygen free radicals (OFR), this study was conducted to determine erythrocyte antioxidant level by measuring erythrocyte glutathione (GSH) in patients of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). GSH level was measured by Ellmann method, plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) level was estimated by Yagi method 25 AMI patients and 25 healthy controls of 40- 70 years in both sexes were included according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Erythrocyte glutathione level was significantly decreased (p < 0.001) and plasma MDA level was significantly increased (p < 0.001) in AMI patients in comparison to healthy control. On the other hand, total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-C were significantly higher (p < 0.001) and HDL-C was significantly lower (p < 0.01) in "I patients as compared to control. This study was found a significant correlation between MDA and GSH levels (r =-0.94, p < 0.001). In AMI GSH level is reduced to scavenge the. ROS. As reduced antioxidant level may be associated with enhanced protective mechanism agtainst oxidative stress, erythrocyte GSH level may be use as an important cardiac marker in AMI.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/uhj.v7i2.10750 University Heart. Journal Vol. 7, No. 2, July 2011
Idiopathic Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Siddique Professor Md Abu , Salman Dr Mohammad
Published: June 2012

Abstract not availableDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/uhj.v7i2.10837 University Heart. Journal Vol. 7, No. 2, July 2011
Noninvasive Assessment of Arterial Stiffness and Risk of Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Rahman Md Mustafizur , Siddique Md Abu , Banerjee Sajal Krishna , Ahmed Chaudhury Meshkat , Ahmed Md Khurshed , Rahman Md Mukhlesur , Ahmed Md Iftekhar , Sultan Md Ashraf Uddin , Hossain Ahmed Shafikul
Published: June 2012

The early prediction of Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major goal of healthcare through out the world. Aortic stiffness reflecting impaired elasticity of the aorta is shown to be an independent predictor of coronary artery disease which can be measured noninvasively. The aim of the study was to establish the noninvasive markers of Aortic stiffness as the predictor of CAD. In this prospective, observational study, total 100 patients were examined who were clinically suspected of having CAD and were scheduled to undergo CAG. Then the markers of aortic stiffness like Aortic strain, aortic distensibility and aortic propagation velocity were measured by transthoracic echocardiography. Other markers of aortic stiffness like Male sex, aging, systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure were significantly higher in the CAD group. Here it is showed that CAD can be significantly determined by aortic propagation velocity (AVP) cut off value d41cm/sec. 82% patients were found CAD by AVP who had truly CAD on the basis of CAG and 96% patients were found no CAD by AVP who had no CAD by CAG. Thus an AVP value < 41 cm/sec predicted CAD with 82% sensitivity, 96% specificity (positive predictive value 95.35%, negative predictive value 84.21% and accuracy were 89%). In conclusion, bedside risk stratification of CAD is feasible by echcardiographic determination of Aortic propagation velocity(AVP). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/uhj.v7i2.10838 University Heart. Journal Vol. 7, No. 2, July 2011
Correlation of Angiographic Findings between Right (V1 to V3) versus left (V4 to V6) Precordial ST Segment Depression in Acute Inferior Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Hossain Ahmed Shafiqul , Siddique Md Abu , Rahman Md Mokhlasur , Rahman Md Mukhlesur , Ahmed Md Khurshed , Roy Gobinda Chandra , Rahman Md Mostafizur , Haque Md Mustashirul , Bari Md Nasimul , Rafiq Ayesha , Islam Md Sirajul , Rahman Golam , Rahman Iftesam , Ahmed Sheik Foyez , Sultan Md Ashraf Uddin , Mahmood Manzoor
Published: June 2012

The initial ECG in patients with acute inferior MI may have a great value to identify the subgroup of patients who are at high risk by predicting multivessel coronary artery disease (CAD). These patients, therefore, may   benefit from a more invasive approach. ST segment depression in leads V4 to V6 but not V1 to V3 confers a greater likelihood of multivessel CAD. The aim of the study to correlate between ST-depression in ECG on admission & severity of coronary lesion in angiogram in acute inferior MI. This study was undertaken in the   department of cardiology of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University and in Ibrahim Cardiac Hospital & Research Institute from March 2009 to October 2010. Patients (total 93) of acute inferior MI, who were presented within 12hrs of onset of symptoms and got intravenous thrombolytics were divided into three groups after initial ECG, group A-without precordial ST-segment depression, group B- maximal precordial STsegment  depression in leads V1V3 and group C- maximal precordial ST-segment depression in leads V4 V6.CAG was done within six weeks of MI and findings of CAG were compared among the groups. Age, sex, distribution of risk factors were identical among the groups. Significant number (53.8%) of patients in group C had a lower ejection fraction (LVEF< 50%) than group B (30%) and group A (10.8%) (p=0.001). Patients of group C more often had double vessel disease (38.5% p=0.007) and triple vessel disease (30.8%) (p=0.014). In contrast, single vessel disease was more common in group B (80%) (p=0.001). Involvement of LAD was also significantly higher in group-C (73.1% p= 0.001). Left precordial ST depression (lead V4-V6) correlates with multivessel CAD, a trend toward a higher rate of LAD artery disease and is associate with LV dysfunction. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/uhj.v7i2.10839 University Heart. Journal Vol. 7, No. 2, July 2011
Value of ST Segment Changes in 12 Lead ECG to Detect Proximal Versus Distal Right Coronary Artery Occlusion in Acute Inferoposterior Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Haque Mostashirul , Banerjee Sajal Krishna , Ahmed Chowdhury Meshkat , Habib S M Ahsan , Hossain Ahmed Shafiqul , Rahman Md Golam , Bari Md Nasimul , Rafiq Ayesha , Islam Md Sirajul , Roy Gobinda Chandra
Published: June 2012

Background: A history of ischemic-type discomfort & the initial 12- lead ECG are the primary tools for screening patients with acute myocardial infarction in the emergency department. ST elevation in inferior leads indicates an evolving myocardial infarction of the inferoposterior wall. The outcome of patients with inferoposterior myocardial infarction due to occlusion of right coronary artery depends mainly on the location of occlusion (distal versus proximal). Hypothesis: Value of ST-segment depression in lateral leads (I and aVL) and ST-segment changes in lead V1 to predict the site of right coronary artery occlusion in the case of an inferoposterior myocardial infarction. Objective: To predict the site of right coronary artery (RCA) occlusion ( proximal or distal) in acute inferoposterior myocardial infarction by ST segment depression in leads 1 & aVL and ST-segment changes( is electric/ elevated or depressed) in V1.Methods and Results: A total of fifty four patients of ST-segment elevation inferoposterior wall AMI due to suspected RCA occlusion, admitted within 12 hours of onset of chest pain, and subsequently underwent coronary angiography during hospitalization, were selected for the study. Patients were divided into two groups on the basis of angiographic findings: proximal RCA occlusion (group I) and distal RCA occlusion (group II). A 12 lead ECG was taken on admission. ST segment deviation in lateral leads (I & aVL) as well as in precordial lead (V1) was calculated. Isoelectric or elevated ST-segment in V1 predicted proximal RCA occlusion whereas depressed ST-segment predicted distal RCA occlusion. It was demonstrated that, STsegment changes in precordial lead (V1) was a sensitive & specific marker to discriminate proximal & distal RCA occlusion in inferoposterior wall AMI with high positive & negative predictive value, but ST-segment changes in lateral leads (I & aVL) although more specific for proximal RCA occlusion did not seem to be of clinical value due to its low sensitivity. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/uhj.v7i2.10844 University Heart. Journal Vol. 7, No. 2, July 2011
Transient Left Ventricular Apical Ballooning (Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy): Mimicking Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Ahsan Mohammad Razib , Rahman Md Mukhlesur , Bhuiyan AKM Mohiuddin , Ahmed Md Khurshed , Siddique Md Abu , Sultan Md Ashraf Uddin
Published: June 2012

No abstract available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/uhj.v7i2.10848 University Heart. Journal Vol. 7, No. 2, July 2011
Myocardial Ischaemia Due to Ruptured Left Sinus of Valsalva  A Case Report
Authors: Siraj Masoom , Hasan Md Sharif
Published: June 2012

Here we present a case involving a middle aged male patient suffering from ruptured left Sinus Of Valsalva (SOV) and attendant complications. The rarity of the condition presents a clinical dilemma in the diagnosis and treatment of the same. Occurrences are so rare that not much comprehensive guideline is available for the medical team to proceed with treatment. We describe how we arrived at the diagnosis by correlating the various investigations done and also the surgical correction done resulting in a satisfactory outcome. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/uhj.v7i2.10850 University Heart. Journal Vol. 7, No. 2, July 2011
Infant with SVT: Case Report
Authors: Bhattacharjee Biplob , Biswas Rajat Sanker Roy , Uddin Md Salah , Rahman Md Mukhlesur , Ahmed Md Khurshed , Sultan Md Ashraf Uddin
Published: June 2012

A one and half year old child presented with lethargy and unwilling to take food for 2 days. He had history of unusual cry with a history of pneumonia 2 month back. After getting high heart rate on auscultation, a 12  lead ECG was done and diagnosed as a case of supra ventricular tachycardia (SVT). He was managed by using injection adenosine intravenously by which he was reverted to sinus rhythm. In this case, the treatment strategies of SVT in children will be discussed with other option also. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/uhj.v7i2.10851 University Heart. Journal Vol. 7, No. 2, July 2011
Canine total knee replacement performed due to osteoarthritis subsequent to distal femur fracture osteosynthesis
Authors: Liska W. D. , Hyytiäinen H. K. , Hielm-Björkman A. , Eskelinen E. V.
Published: June 2012

A 27-kg German Shorthaired Pointer was referred for evaluation due to the complaint of left pelvic limb lameness and signs of pain in the left stifle joint. Radiographs revealed signs of a healed supracondylar femoral fracture that had been previously repaired at another hospital with an intramedullary pin and two cross pins. In addition, there were signs of severe osteoarthritis (OA). The OA had been managed medically with administration of carprofen and nutraceuticals for nine months without any improvement. Left total knee replacement (TKR) surgery was performed to alleviate signs of pain. The patient was assessed preoperatively and at six months, one year, and two years after surgery using radiology, force platform analysis of gait, thigh circumference measures, goniometry, and lameness evaluation.

Following surgery, the dog resumed normal activity without any signs of pain and a good quality of life at 3.5 months. Force plate analysis found that peak vertical force on the TKR limb was 85.7% of the normal contralateral limb after two years.

Total knee replacement was a successful treatment to manage knee OA associated with a healed distal femoral fracture and internal fixation in this dog.
Apophyseal avulsion fracture of the greater trochanter of the femur in a Thoroughbred filly
Authors: Pepe M. , Nannarone S. , Tamantini C. , Gialletti R. , Beccati F.
Published: June 2012

The case report of a 14-month-old Thoroughbred filly with acute onset of severe right hindlimb lameness is presented. The horse had a severe and sudden abduction of the hindlimbs due to a side effect of an overdose of lidocaine, which had been administered in a constant rate infusion after a colic surgery. Transcutaneus ultrasonography and standing radiography of the pelvis revealed proximal and cranial displacement of the greater trochanter and free bone fragments consistent with an apophyseal avulsion fracture of the greater trochanter. The complete diagnosis was obtained with the horse in a standing position. The filly was euthanatized because of deterioration resulting from the colic condition and of the poor prognosis of the fracture of the greater trochanter. Postmortem evaluation confirmed an apophyseal avulsion fracture of the right greater trochanter. To the authors' knowledge, ultrasonographic and radiographic findings of this fracture have not been described in the standing horse. The diagnosis was reached quite easily with the horse in a normal standing position when the characteristic ultrasonographic and radiographic findings were detected.
Diagnostic intra-articular anaesthesia of the elbow in dogs with medial coronoid disease
Authors: Verhoeven G. , Saunders J. , Polis I. , Samoy Y. , Verschooten F. , Van Ryssen B. , Van Vynckt D.
Published: June 2012

Objective: Assessment of the effect of intraarticular anaesthesia on lameness caused by medial coronoid disease.

Methods: This study included 90 dogs that were evaluated for the complaint of unilateral forelimb lameness. All dogs were suspected of having an elbow problem for which orthopaedic examination and radiographs showed inconclusive findings. Following a short sedation, mepivacaine was injected intra-articularly to determine whether lameness was caused by a suspected elbow problem. This effect was compared with the final diagnosis based on computed tomography and arthroscopy.

Results: Out of 90 dogs, 78 (87%) dogs had an improvement of lameness after injection of the local anaesthetic, which confirmed the elbow joint as the primary source of lameness. A positive response was seen in all types of medial coronoid lesions. A false negative result was observed in 12 dogs (13%).

Clinical relevance: Medial coronoid disease is represented by different types of pathologic lesions including chondromalacia, fissures, fragments, and medial compartment disease. Diagnosis may be difficult because of limited clinical or radiographic signs or a combination of both. Intra-articular anaesthesia can be a helpful diagnostic tool to localize the problem by eliminating pain and reducing lameness to a great extent in all types of coronoid lesions.
Intramolecular bridges formed by photoswitchable click amino acids
Authors: Hoppmann Christian , Kühne Ronald , Beyermann Michael
Published: June 2012

Photoswitchable click amino acids (PSCaa) are amino acids bearing a side chain consisting of a photoswitchable unit elongated with a functional group that allows for a specific click reaction, such as an alkene that can react with the thiol group of a cysteine residue. An intramolecular click reaction results in the formation of a photoswitchable bridge, which can be used for controlling conformational domains in peptides and proteins. The ability to control conformations as well as the efficiency of the intramolecular bridging depends on the length of the PSCaa side chain and the distance to the cysteine residue to be clicked with. On comparing i,i+4 and i,i+7 spacings of PSCaa and cysteine in a model peptide without a preferred conformation, it was seen that the thiol–ene click reaction takes place efficiently in both cases. Upon induction of an α-helical structure by the addition of trifluoroethanol, the thiol click reaction occurs preferentially with the i,i+4 spacing. Even in the presence of glutathione as an additional thiol the click reaction of the PSCaa occurs intramolecularly with the cysteine rather than with the glutathione, indicating that the click reaction may be used even under reducing conditions occurring in living cells.
Effects of Using the Developing Nurses’ Thinking Model on Nursing Students’ Diagnostic Accuracy
Authors: Tesoro Mary Gay
Published: June 2012

This quasi-experimental study tested the effectiveness of an educational model, Developing Nurses’ Thinking (DNT), on nursing students’ clinical reasoning to achieve patient safety. Teaching nursing students to develop effective thinking habits that promote positive patient outcomes and patient safety is a challenging endeavor. Positive patient outcomes and safety are achieved when nurses accurately interpret data and subsequently implement appropriate plans of care. This study’s pretest–posttest design determined whether use of the DNT model during 2 weeks of clinical postconferences improved nursing students’ (
N
= 83) diagnostic accuracy. The DNT model helps students to integrate four constructs—patient safety, domain knowledge, critical thinking processes, and repeated practice—to guide their thinking when interpreting patient data and developing effective plans of care. The posttest scores of students from the intervention group showed statistically significant improvement in accuracy.
Integration of Clinical Judgment in the Nursing Curriculum: Challenges and Perspectives
Authors: Kantar Lina , Alexander Rinda
Published: June 2012

The purpose of this qualitative, multiple-case study design was to better understand the influence of the nursing curriculum on clinical judgment development in baccalaureate nursing students and the capacity to provide safe nursing practice in health care settings. A sample of 20 preceptors for new graduate nurses were selected from three hospitals in Lebanon, and curriculum documents of three nursing programs provided data to determine the influence of curriculum on clinical judgment development. The preceptors’ responses and curriculum data were triangulated, resulting in identification of strengths and weaknesses in the development of the clinical judgment ability of nursing students. The findings provide specific information regarding the influence of the nursing curriculum on the development of clinical judgment abilities, as well as implications for integration of new graduates into professional nursing practice. Strategies are described that can be used globally as baccalaureate nursing programs embrace and strengthen the partnership with service.
Patient Safety Education: An Exploration of Student-Driven Contextual Learning
Authors: Spence Jessica , Goodwin Barb , Enns Carol , Vecherya Nadia , Dean Heather
Published: June 2012

Medical and nursing students organized a contextual interprofessional learning experience involving observation of surgical safety practices according to the parameters of the World Health Organization (WHO) surgical safety checklist. Students were oriented to patient safety principles, operating room (OR) protocol, and the WHO surgical safety checklist. One hundred thirty students participated in interprofessional OR visitations. Selected students participated in focus groups, during which feedback regarding educational value and OR observations was obtained: Students thought that patient safety education was more meaningful in a clinical setting, and the degree of interprofessional collaboration appeared related to individual factors. Focus group data collected provides a foundation on which future research can build. Areas of inquiry may include development of teamwork within the context of interprofessional education, examination of the role of students in developing their own curricula, and randomized comparisons of clinical-based and classroom-based approaches to surgical safety education.
Applying Fish Behavior to Reduce Trawl Bycatch: Evaluation of the Nested Cylinder Bycatch Reduction Device
Authors: Parsons Glenn R. , Foster Daniel G. , Osmond Mike
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe used a laboratory flow chamber to examine the behavioral response of juvenile red snapper, Lutjanus campechanus, to hydraulic and illumination changes with the intention of exploiting these responses to devise a more effective bycatch reduction device (BRD).
Snapper were observed to use slack water areas for flow refuge, and this refuging behavior increased the chance of the fish escaping from the flow chamber. Additionally, we observed that dark-adapted red snapper were more likely to exit the test chamber when the flow chamber was illuminated
during nighttime hours. We also observed a significant effect of illumination intensity on the time required for red snapper to locate and exit the flow chamber. These behavioral observations were then used to design a BRD that was tested in the Gulf of Mexico shrimp trawl fishery on board
a commercial fishing vessel. The Nested Cylinder Bycatch Reduction Device (NCBRD) employed flow blocking plates to encourage fish to move into an area of the trawl where they could more easily escape. The NCBRD reduced total fish bycatch by about 53% and retained 81% of shrimp. Modifications
of the inner cylinder of the NCBRD provided higher shrimp retention rates (86.2%-96.6%) but lower bycatch reduction rates (37.2%-42.9%). Illumination of the NCBRD during field testing had no significant effect on total fish bycatch or shrimp retention. However, we found that red snapper bycatch
was reduced by 50% when the NCBRD was illuminated. These results suggest that illumination may be effective for increasing the performance of a BRD’s ability to exclude red snapper and perhaps other species.
Legal personality and the natural world: on the persistence of the human measure of value
Authors: Naffine Ngaire
Published: June 2012

Addressing the fundamental anthropocentrism of law, the author argues that two influential families of thinkers have played a critical role in sustaining it: secular rationalists and conservative Christians. The influence of these thinkers has combined to engineer and sustain a set of public concerns about the fitting borders of legal personality that are essentially humanistic in the sense that they focus almost exclusively on the human species and the perceived limits of its interests. The author's reluctant conclusion is that, notwithstanding the eloquence, intelligence and power of Stone's arguments, he was unable to attract the attention of a critical mass of the influential, let alone persuade them to set aside their own human concerns. Law continues to exclude the non-human from its community of persons.
Frontal Sinolith
Authors: Jagannath B , Smitha SG
Published: June 2012

Calcified bodies in paranasal sinuses are very rare. Sinolith reported in literature are mainly of maxillary sinus. Only two cases of frontal sinolith have been reported uptodate. To our knowledge this is the third case of frontal sinolith which is reported in world literature. We present this case for its rarity.

How to cite this article

Jagannath B, Smitha SG, Bhardwaj S. Frontal Sinolith. Clin Rhinol Int J 2012;5(1):28-29.
Myoepithelial Carcinoma in Maxilla: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Majumder Aniruddha , Singh Mukesh Kumar , Das Chiranjib , Das Soumik , Hazra Tapan Kanti
Published: June 2012

Myoepithelial carcinoma (MC) is an extremely rare neoplasm of salivary gland. It is usually found in parotid gland. Here, we report a rare case of myoepithelial carcinoma of maxillary sinus along with discussion of clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of this rare disease.

How to cite this article

Das C, Singh MK, Majumder A, Das S, Hazra TK. Myoepithelial Carcinoma in Maxilla: A Rare Case Report. Clin Rhinol Int J 2012;5(1):35-37.
A Rare Cause of Frontal Sinusitis
Authors: Kumar Madhumita , Sadasivan Anjana , Viswam Vineeth , Menon Unnikrishnan
Published: June 2012

Actinomycosis is a granulomatous and fibrosing disease caused by a Gram-positive, anaerobic, nonacid fast bacterium of the genus Actinomyces.

We report an unusual presentation of actinomycosis that involved the frontal sinus. Clinical features, diagnostic criteria, treatment and follow-up are presented.

How to cite this article

Kumar M, Sadasivan A, Viswam V, Menon U. A Rare Cause of Frontal Sinusitis. Clin Rhinol Int J 2012;5(1):41-43.
Nasal Glioma: An Unusual Presentation in Adult
Authors: Kalsotra Gopika , Gupta Rijuneeta
Published: June 2012

The nasal glioma is a rare congenital nasal abnormality, which manifests as a mass of extracranial cerebral tissue unconnected with the brain. The clinical entity is challenging for several reasons. Their diagnosis may not be immediately obvious at presentation. It is important to exclude an intracranial extension, and for this some have suggested a craniotomy. We report a case of extranasal glioma with intracranial extension was removed successfully by combined extracranial and endoscopic approach without craniotomy. Intranasal endoscopic surgery is a less invasive and safe procedure for the management of nasal glioma and does not result in postoperative facial scarring and deformity. Endoscopic techniques provide excellent visualization and are preferable to the classic frontal craniotomy to exclude intracranial extension of nasal glioma. In this report, the management and the benefits of endoscopy in cases with nasal glioma are discussed.

How to cite this article

Kalsotra G, Gupta AK, Bansal S, Gupta

R. Nasal Glioma

An Unusual Presentation in Adult. Clin Rhinol Int J 2012;5(1):49-52.
Intracranial Pressure is a Better Predictor of Mortality than Cerebral Perfusion Pressure
Authors: Markert Ronald J , Saxe Jonathan M , Chadwick Cathryn L
Published: June 2012

Objective

To evaluate whether elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) or depressed cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) is a better predictor of intracranial compartment syndrome and long-term functional outcomes in blunt traumatic brain injury.

Methods

This was a retrospective evaluation of data collected on 203 patients with blunt traumatic brain injury who were admitted to Miami Valley Hospital, a Level I trauma center, over a 2 years period, whose initial hospital management required an intracranial pressure monitor. Serial measurements of ICP and CPP were recorded during the patients hospital stay. These patients were then evaluated at 3,6,12 and 24 months post-injury to assess their outcome based on functional status, as defined by death vegetative state, severe disability, moderate disability and good recovery.

Results

Utilizing an ICP cut-off value of 25 or greater and a CPP value of less than 60 at any point during the patients hospital course, ICP elevation consistently correlated with a higher percentage of deaths and persistent vegetative state than a depression in CPP value. Outcomes as measured by severe or moderate disability where similar in both groups. However, neither measure approached statistical significance.

Conclusion

ICP appears to be a better predictor of intracranial compartment syndrome and extent of brain injury, predicting better than CPP values, the outcome of death or persistent vegetative state. This may help to predict prognosis, change management strategies and guide discussions with family, especially in the early phase of injury.

How to cite this Article

Markert RJ, Saxe JM, Chadwick CL. Intracranial Pressure is a Better Predictor of Mortality than Cerebral Perfusion Pressure. Panam J Trauma Critical Care Emerg Surg 2012;1(1):15-19.
Traumatic Appendicitis
Authors: Maull Kimball I , Sebastian Mark , Abdelrahman Husham , Thani Sheikha Al
Published: June 2012

Acute appendicitis usually occurs by intraluminal obstruction of the appendiceal lumen or because of non-obstructive processes that favor the migration of intestinal fl ora to the wall of the appendix, a fact that triggers an infl ammatory condition resulting in suppuration and necrosis of the organ. Posttraumatic appendicitis is attributed to a wide variety of causes. A possible etiology for this, is appendicular ischemia, which allows bacterial invasion and drainage. We present the following case in point.

How to cite this article

Abdelrahman H, Al Thani S, Sebastian M, Maull KI. Traumatic Appendicitis. Panam J Trauma Critical Care Emerg Surg 2012;1(1):48-49.
A Raman lidar at La Reunion (20.8° S, 55.5° E) for monitoring water vapour and cirrus distributions in the subtropical upper troposphere: preliminary analyses and description of a future system
Authors: Hoareau C. , Keckhut P. , Baray J.-L. , Robert L. , Courcoux Y. , Porteneuve J. , Vömel H. , Morel B.
Published: June 2012

Abstract. A ground-based Rayleigh lidar has provided continuous observations of tropospheric water vapour profiles and cirrus cloud using a preliminary Raman channels setup on an existing Rayleigh lidar above La Reunion over the period 2002–2005. With this instrument, we performed a first measurement campaign of 350 independent water vapour profiles. A statistical study of the distribution of water vapour profiles is presented and some investigations concerning the calibration are discussed. Analysis regarding the cirrus clouds is presented and a classification has been performed showing 3 distinct classes. Based on these results, the characteristics and the design of a future lidar system, to be implemented at the new Reunion Island altitude observatory (2200 m) for long-term monitoring, is presented and numerical simulations of system performance have been realised to compare both instruments.
A new disjunct eddy-covariance system for BVOC flux measurements – validation on CO2 and H2O fluxes
Authors: Baghi R. , Durand P. , Jambert C. , Jarnot C. , Delon C. , Serça D. , Striebig N. , Ferlicoq M. , Keravec P.
Published: June 2012

Abstract. The disjunct eddy covariance (DEC) method is an interesting alternative to the conventional eddy covariance (EC) method, because it allows the estimation of turbulent fluxes of species for which fast sensors are not available. A new disjunct sampling system (called MEDEE) was developed and validated. This system was built with chemically inert materials. Air samples are grabbed quickly and alternately in two cylindrical reservoirs, whose internal pressures are regulated by a moving piston. It was designed to be operated either on ground or aboard an airplane (the French ATR-42 research aircraft). It is also compatible with most analysers since it transfers the air samples at a regulated pressure. For validating the system, DEC and EC measurements of CO2 and latent heat fluxes were performed concurrently during a field campaign. EC fluxes were first compared to simulated DEC (SDEC) fluxes and then to actual DEC fluxes. The EC fluxes were in agreement with both the simulated and actual DEC fluxes. The EC fluxes compare well to SDEC fluxes (R2 = 0.92 and 0.68 for latent heat and CO2 fluxes, respectively) and to actual DEC fluxes (R2 = 0.91 and 0.67 for latent heat and CO2 fluxes, respectively), in spite of low fluxes experienced during the campaign. This good agreement between the two techniques demonstrates that MEDEE is suitable for DEC measurements and highlights the DEC method as a reliable alternative to EC for slower sensors. A first field campaign focused on biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions was done to measure isoprene fluxes above a downy oak (Quercus Pubescens) forest in the southeast of France. The measured emission rates were in good agreement with the values reported in earlier studies. Further analysis will be conducted from ground-based and airborne campaigns in the forthcoming years.
Retrieval interval mapping, a tool to optimize the spectral retrieval range in differential optical absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Vogel L. , Sihler H. , Lampel J. , Wagner T. , Platt U.
Published: June 2012

Abstract. Remote sensing via differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) has become a standard technique to identify and quantify trace gases in the atmosphere. The technique is applied in a variety of configurations, commonly classified into active and passive instruments using artificial and natural light sources, respectively. Platforms range from ground based to satellite instruments and trace-gases are studied in all kinds of different environments. Due to the wide range of measurement conditions, atmospheric compositions and instruments used, a specific challenge of a DOAS retrieval is to optimize the parameters for each specific case and particular trace gas of interest. This becomes especially important when measuring close to the detection limit. A well chosen evaluation wavelength range is crucial to the DOAS technique. It should encompass strong absorption bands of the trace gas of interest in order to maximize the sensitivity of the retrieval, while at the same time minimizing absorption structures of other trace gases and thus potential interferences. Also, instrumental limitations and wavelength depending sources of errors (e.g. insufficient corrections for the Ring effect and cross correlations between trace gas cross sections) need to be taken into account. Most often, not all of these requirements can be fulfilled simultaneously and a compromise needs to be found depending on the conditions at hand. Although for many trace gases the overall dependence of common DOAS retrieval on the evaluation wavelength interval is known, a systematic approach to find the optimal retrieval wavelength range and qualitative assessment is missing. Here we present a novel tool to determine the optimal evaluation wavelength range. It is based on mapping retrieved values in the retrieval wavelength space and thus visualize the consequence of different choices of retrieval spectral ranges, e.g. caused by slightly erroneous absorption cross sections, cross correlations and instrumental features. The technique is demonstrated using the examples of a theoretical study of BrO retrievals for stratospheric BrO measurements and for BrO measurements in volcanic plumes. However, due to the general nature of the tool, it is applicable to any type (active or passive) of DOAS retrieval.
Contributions of ectomycorrhizal fungal mats to forest soil respiration
Authors: Phillips C. L. , Kluber L. A. , Martin J. P. , Caldwell B. A. , Bond B. J.
Published: June 2012

Abstract. Distinct aggregations of fungal hyphae and rhizomorphs, or "mats", formed by some genera of ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungi are common features of soils in coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest. We measured in situ respiration rates of Piloderma mats and neighboring non-mat soils in an old-growth Douglas-fir forest in western Oregon to investigate whether there was higher respiration from mats, and to estimate mat contributions to total soil respiration. We found that areas where Piloderma mats colonized the organic horizon often had higher soil surface flux than non-mats, with the relative increase in respiration averaging 16% across two growing seasons. Both soil physical factors and biochemistry were related to the higher surface flux of mat soils. When soil moisture was high, soil CO2 production was concentrated into near-surface soil horizons where mats tend to colonize, resulting in greater apparent differences in respiration between mat and non-mat soils. Respiration rates were also correlated with the activity of chitin-degrading soil enzymes. This finding supports the notion that the abundance of fungal biomass in EcM mats is an important driver of C and N cycling. We found Piloderma mats present across 57% of the exposed soil, and use this value to estimate a respiratory contribution from mats at the stand-scale of about 9% of total soil respiration. The activity of EcM mats, which includes both EcM fungi and microbial associates, appeared to constitute a substantial portion of total soil respiration in this old-growth Douglas-fir forest.
Seasonal methane emission from a boreal peatland in continuous permafrost zone of Northeast China: effects of active layer depth and vegetation
Authors: Miao Y. , Song C. , Sun L. , Wang X. , Meng H. , Mao R.
Published: June 2012

Abstract. Boreal peatlands are significant natural sources of methane and especially vulnerable to abrupt climate change. However, the controlling factors of CH4 emission in boreal peatlands are still unclear. In this study, we investigated CH4 fluxes and abiotic factors (temperature, water table depth, active layer depth, and dissolved CH4 concentrations in pore water) during the growing seasons in 2010 and 2011 both in shrub-sphagnum- and sedge-dominated plant communities in continuous permafrost zone of Northeast China. The objective of our study was to examine the effects of vegetation types and abiotic factors on CH4 fluxes from a boreal peatland. In Eriophorum-dominated community, mean CH4 emissions were 1.015 and 0.801 mg m−2 h−1 in 2010 and 2011, respectively. CH4 fluxes (0.384 mg m−2 h−1) released from the shrub-mosses-dominated community were lower than that from Eriophorum-dominated community. Moreover, in Eriophorum-dominated community, CH4 fluxes showed a significant temporal pattern with a peak value in late August both in 2010 and 2011. However, no distinct seasonal variation was observed in the CH4 flux in the shrub-mosses-dominated community. Interestingly, both in Eriophorum- and shrub-sphagnum-dominated communities, CH4 fluxes did not show close correlation with air or soil temperature and water table depth, whereas CH4 emissions correlated well to active layer depth and CH4 concentration in soil pore water, especially in Eriophorum-dominated community. Our results suggest that CH4 released from the thawed CH4-rich permafrost layer may be a key factor controlling CH4 emissions in boreal peatlands, and highlight that CH4 fluxes vary with vegetation type in boreal peatlands.
Stoichiometry constrains microbial response to root exudation – insights from a model and a field experiment in a temperate forest
Authors: Drake J. E. , Darby B. A. , Giasson M.-A. , Kramer M. A. , Phillips R. P. , Finzi A. C.
Published: June 2012

Abstract. Healthy plant roots release a wide range of chemicals into soils. This process, termed root exudation, is thought to increase the activity of microbes and the exo-enzymes they synthesize, leading to accelerated rates of carbon (C) mineralization and nutrient cycling in rhizosphere soils relative to bulk soils. The causal role of exudation, however, is difficult to isolate with in-situ observations, given the complex nature of the rhizosphere environment. We investigated the potential effects of root exudation on microbial and exo-enzyme activity using a theoretical model of decomposition and a field experiment, with a specific focus on the stoichiometric constraint of nitrogen (N) availability. The field experiment isolated the effect of exudation by pumping solutions of exudate mimics through microlysimeter "root simulators" into intact forest soils over two 50-day periods. Using a combined model-experiment approach, we tested two hypotheses: (1) exudation alone is sufficient to stimulate microbial and exo-enzyme activity in rhizosphere soils, and (2) microbial response to C-exudates (carbohydrates and organic acids) is constrained by N-limitation. Experimental delivery of exudate mimics containing C and N significantly increased microbial respiration, microbial biomass, and the activity of exo-enzymes that decompose labile components of soil organic matter (SOM, e.g., cellulose, amino sugars), while decreasing the activity of exo-enzymes that degrade recalcitrant SOM (e.g., polyphenols, lignin). However, delivery of C-only exudates had no effect on microbial biomass or overall exo-enzyme activity, and only increased microbial respiration. The theoretical decomposition model produced complementary results; the modeled microbial response to C-only exudates was constrained by limited N supply to support the synthesis of N-rich microbial biomass and exo-enzymes, while exuding C and N together elicited an increase in modeled microbial biomass, exo-enzyme activity, and decomposition. Thus, hypothesis (2) was supported, while hypothesis (1) was only supported when C and N compounds were exuded together. This study supports a cause-and-effect relationship between root exudation and enhanced microbial activity, and suggests that exudate stoichiometry is an important and underappreciated driver of microbial activity in rhizosphere soils.
Debris flood hazard documentation and mitigation on the Tilcara alluvial fan (Quebrada de Humahuaca, Jujuy province, North-West Argentina)
Authors: Marcato G. , Bossi G. , Rivelli F. , Borgatti L.
Published: June 2012

Abstract. For some decades, mass wasting processes such as landslides and debris floods have been threatening villages and transportation routes in the Rio Grande Valley, named Quebrada de Humauhuaca. One of the most significant examples is the urban area of Tilcara, built on a large alluvial fan. In recent years, debris flood phenomena have been triggered in the tributary valley of the Huasamayo Stream and reached the alluvial fan on a decadal basis. In view of proper development of the area, hazard and risk assessment together with risk mitigation strategies are of paramount importance. The need is urgent also because the Quebrada de Humahuaca was recently included in the UNESCO World Cultural Heritage. Therefore, the growing tourism industry may lead to uncontrolled exploitation and urbanization of the valley, with a consequent increase of the vulnerability of the elements exposed to risk. In this context, structural and non structural mitigation measures not only have to be based on the understanding of natural processes, but also have to consider environmental and sociological factors that could hinder the effectiveness of the countermeasure works. The hydrogeological processes are described with reference to present-day hazard and risk conditions. Considering the socio-economic context, some possible interventions are outlined, which encompass budget constraints and local practices. One viable solution would be to build a protecting dam upstream of the fan apex and an artificial channel, in order to divert the floodwaters in a gully that would then convey water and sediments into the Rio Grande, some kilometers downstream of Tilcara. The proposed remedial measures should employ easily available and relatively cheap technologies and local workers, incorporating low environmental and visual impacts issues, in order to ensure both the future conservation of the site and its safe exploitation for inhabitants and tourists.