bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Choosing Epsilon for Privacy as a Service
Authors: Krehbiel Sara
Published: January 2019

In many real world scenarios, terms of service allow a producer of a service to collect data from its users. Producers value data but often only compensate users for their data indirectly with reduced prices for the service. This work considers how a producer (data analyst) may offer differential privacy as a premium service for its users (data subjects), where the degree of privacy offered may itself depend on the user data. Along the way, it strengthens prior negative results for privacy markets to the pay-for-privacy setting and develops a new notion of endogenous differential privacy. A positive result for endogenous privacy is given in the form of a class of mechanisms for privacy-as-a-service markets that 1) determine ɛ using the privacy and accuracy preferences of a heterogeneous body of data subjects and a single analyst, 2) collect and distribute payments for the chosen level of privacy, and 3) privately analyze the database. These mechanisms are endogenously differentially private with respect to data subjects’ privacy preferences as well as their private data, they directly elicit data subjects’ true preferences, and they determine a level of privacy that is efficient given all parties’ preferences.
Lethe: Conceal Content Deletion from Persistent Observers
Authors: Minaei Mohsen , Mondal Mainack , Loiseau Patrick , Gummadi Krishna , Kate Aniket
Published: January 2019

Most social platforms offer mechanisms allowing users to delete their posts, and a significant fraction of users exercise this right to be forgotten. However, ironically, users’ attempt to reduce attention to sensitive posts via deletion, in practice, attracts unwanted attention from stalkers specifically to those (deleted) posts. Thus, deletions may leave users more vulnerable to attacks on their privacy in general. Users hoping to make their posts forgotten face a “damned if I do, damned if I don’t” dilemma. Many are shifting towards ephemeral social platform like Snapchat, which will deprive us of important user-data archival. In the form of intermittent withdrawals, we present, Lethe, a novel solution to this problem of (really) forgetting the forgotten. If the next-generation social platforms are willing to give up the uninterrupted availability of non-deleted posts by a very small fraction, Lethe provides privacy to the deleted posts over long durations. In presence of Lethe, an adversarial observer becomes unsure if some posts are permanently deleted or just temporarily withdrawn by Lethe; at the same time, the adversarial observer is overwhelmed by a large number of falsely flagged undeleted posts. To demonstrate the feasibility and performance of Lethe, we analyze large-scale real data about users’ deletion over Twitter and thoroughly investigate how to choose time duration distributions for alternating between temporary withdrawals and resurrections of non-deleted posts. We find a favorable trade-off between privacy, availability and adversarial overhead in different settings for users exercising their right to delete. We show that, even against an ultimate adversary with an uninterrupted access to the entire platform, Lethe offers deletion privacy for up to 3 months from the time of deletion, while maintaining content availability as high as 95% and keeping the adversarial precision to 20%.
Private Evaluation of Decision Trees using Sublinear Cost
Authors: Tueno Anselme , Kerschbaum Florian , Katzenbeisser Stefan
Published: January 2019

Decision trees are widespread machine learning models used for data classification and have many applications in areas such as healthcare, remote diagnostics, spam filtering, etc. In this paper, we address the problem of privately evaluating a decision tree on private data. In this scenario, the server holds a private decision tree model and the client wants to classify its private attribute vector using the server’s private model. The goal is to obtain the classification while preserving the privacy of both – the decision tree and the client input. After the computation, only the classification result is revealed to the client, while nothing is revealed to the server. Many existing protocols require a constant number of rounds. However, some of these protocols perform as many comparisons as there are decision nodes in the entire tree and others transform the whole plaintext decision tree into an oblivious program, resulting in higher communication costs. The main idea of our novel solution is to represent the tree as an array. Then we execute only d – the depth of the tree – comparisons. Each comparison is performed using a small garbled circuit, which output secret-shares of the index of the next node. We get the inputs to the comparison by obliviously indexing the tree and the attribute vector. We implement oblivious array indexing using either garbled circuits, Oblivious Transfer or Oblivious RAM (ORAM). Using ORAM, this results in the first protocol with sub-linear cost in the size of the tree. We implemented and evaluated our solution using the different array indexing procedures mentioned above. As a result, we are not only able to provide the first protocol with sublinear cost for large trees, but also reduce the communication cost for the large real-world data set “Spambase” from 18 MB to 1[triangleright]2 MB and the computation time from 17 seconds to less than 1 second in a LAN setting, compared to the best related work.
Targeted Protection of Mitochondria of Mesophyll Cells in Transgenic CYP11A1 CDNA Expressing Tobacco Plant Leaves After NaCl-Induced Stress Damage
Authors: Baranova Ekaterina N. , Khaliluev Marat R. , Spivak Svetlana G. , Bogoutdinova Lilia R. , Klykov Valery N. , Babak Olga G. , Shpakovski Dmitry G. , Kilchevsky Alexander V. , Shematorova Elena K. , Shpakovski George V.
Published: January 2019

Recently we have showed that the expression of the mammalian CYP11A1 cDNA in plants confers their resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses. To determine the role of heterologous expression of cytochrome P450scc cDNA in resistance to ROS (radical oxygen species) dependent abiotic stresses, the structural changes of mitochondria and peroxisomes were studied under 150 mM NaCl-induced 14-day salinity treatment on juvenile tobacco plants in in vitro culture. Ultrastructural analysis of mesophyll cells of transgenic tobacco leaves constitutively expressing CYP11A1 cDNA was performed. Under NaCl stress, a change in shape from rounded to elon-gated, reduced section area, formation of branched mitochondria, as well as the emergence of triangular and rhomboid cristae, densification of a mitochondrial matrix, increase in density of contrasting membranes and their thickness were observed in non-transgenic plants. Transgenic plants without stress applied had mitochondria with rounded and elongated shape, twice as small as in non-transgenic plants, with a dense matrix and sinuous cristae. Surprisingly, the effect of NaCl led to increase in size of mitochondria by 1.5 times, decomposition of matrix and the emergence in organelles of light zones presumably containing mitochondrial DNA strands. Thus, the structural organisation of transgenic plant mitochondria under salinity treatment was comparable to that of non-transgenic plants under native conditions. It was also noted that the transgenic plant peroxisomes differed in non-transgenic tobacco both in normal condition and under the action of NaCl. The observed differences in ultrastructural organisation of mitochondria not only support our earlier notion about successful incorporation of the mature P450scc into this organelle, but for the first time demonstrate that the mammalian CYP11A1 signal peptide sequence could be efficiently used in the formation of targeted mitochondria protection of plants from salinity-induced damage.
Height Evaluation and Linear Accuracy of Digital Level, Total station, GPS and Orthophoto
Authors: Heeto Abdulrahman F. , Zaia Yousif Y. , Gilyane Sami M.
Published: January 2019

In this research, Digital level (DL), Total station (TS) and GPS were used to assess accuracy and precision of the height component. Field observations were implemented in two tested areas. A reference network which consisted of 34 points on area1 and 10 control points on area2 which had been observed five times using Digital level, RTK-GPS and Total station (TS) where Digital level was considered as a base for comparison. Several known control points were used as check points to evaluate the accuracy of measurements. According to the obtained results, TS and GPS-RTK measurements were compared with the adjusted reference points measured by precise Digital level (DNA 03). Around ±15 mm standard deviation for TS and ±13.5 mm for GPS were achieved. Linear accuracy of TS, GPS, and orthophotos measurements from Vossing German Company were also investigated in regular features within the same tested areas. The actual lengths were measured with steel tape up to a millimeter accuracy and were considered as being a base for comparing. The maximum deviation 22mm accuracy has been obtained in area2 and 12 mm in area1. The study shows that the extracted features from orthophotos had less accuracy in hilly regions due to relief displacement whereas they were more accurate in gentle slopes.
Freezing–Thawing Behavior of Lime Treated Fine–grained Soil
Authors: Aldaood Abdulrahman , Khalil Amina , Bouasker Marwen , Al-Mukhtar Muzahim
Published: January 2019

This research study was carried out to investigate the impact of freeze-thaw cycles on the mechanical and the mineralogical properties of lime treated fine-grained soil. The unconfined compressive strength, wave velocity, volume change, water content, pH and electrical conductivity values were determined during freeze-thaw cycles. Furthermore, Mercury porosimetry and X-ray diffraction tests were carry out to determine changes at microscopic level. The soil used in this study was taken at a site near Jossigny region in eastern part of Paris–France. The soil samples were treated with optimum lime percent 3% depending on the pH method, then cured for 28 days at 20 °C. The soil samples were subjected to 12 cycles of freeze-thaw following ASTM procedure.    The result referred that, natural soil exhibit no strength resistance against freeze-thaw cycles and failed during the first hours of freeze-thaw cycles. Analyses indicated that freeze-thaw cycles reduce the unconfined compressive strength of all the tested samples. Moreover, water content during the applied cycles increases and induces significant volume changes. During freeze-thaw cycles, the cracks propagation which caused by the formation of ice lenses in the pores of lime treated soil samples were consider to have significant. The changes in the micro-structural and mineralogical properties reduce the durability  of the lime treated soil samples when subjected to freeze-thaw cycles.
PERSEPSI WAJIB PAJAK ATAS PP NO.46 TAHUN 2013 TENTANG PAJAK PENGHASILAN DENGAN PEREDARAN BRUTO TERTENTU
Authors: Puspitasari Rima Dwi , Sayidah Nur
Published: January 2019

Pemerintah telah merilis Peraturan Pemerintah yang mengaturperlakuan khusus Pajak Penghasilan untuk usaha kecil, mikro danmenengah.Peraturan Pemerintah tersebut adalah Peraturan PemerintahNomor 46 Tahun 2013.Peraturan ini diadakan untuk mempermudah parawajib pajak dalam membayar pajak sehingga para wajib pajak tidak perlu menghitung laba.Pajak yangharus dibayar langsung dikalikan 1% dari penghasilan.Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmengetahui persepsi wajib pajak mengenai Peraturan Pemerintahtersebut.Situs penelitian di Kampung Tempe dengan informan Ketua Pengurus Kampung Tempe, sekretaris dan anggota.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwapajak 1% dirasakan lebih mudah dan sederhana.Di samping itu peraturan ini meringankan wajib pajak terutama pelaku UMKM.
PENERAPAN AKUNTANSI ZAKAT DAN INFAK / SEDEKAH PADA BADAN AMIL ZAKAT NASIONAL (BAZNAS) KABUPATEN BOJONEGORO
Authors: Sayidah Nur
Published: January 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan Akuntansi Zakat dan Infak / Sedekah pada Badan Amil Zakat Nasional (BAZNAS) Kabupaten Bojonegoro. Analisis yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif. Data yang terkumpul kemudian di analisis menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan analisis kualitatif. Dalam hal ini, analisis dilakukan dengan mendeksripsikan kebijakan penerapan pencatatan Akuntansi Zakat dan Infak / Sedekah BAZNAS Kabupaten Bojonegoro dan membandingkannya dengan PSAK No. 109 tentang Akuntansi Zakat dan Infak / Sedekah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan BAZNAS Kabupaten Bojonegoro belum menerapkan jurnal, dan mencatat tanggal transaksi penerimaandalam hal pengakuan. Pengukuran menggunakan harga pasar saat itu, meskipun BAZNAS belum pernah menerima zakat dalam bentuk nonkas. Pengungkapan dilakukan dengan memilah antara penyaluran dana zakat dan infak / sedekah dan kebijakan penyaluran dana amil. BAZNAS menyajikan laporan penerimaan dan penyaluran dana zakat dan infak / sedekah, dan tidak menggunakan laporan keuangan. Hasil dan kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah BAZNAS belum sepenuhnya menerapkan PSAK No 109 dalam hal pengakuan, pengukuran, dan pengungkapan. Dalam penyajian dan pelaporan BAZNAS belum membuat laporan keuangan dan hanya menyajikan laporan penerimaan dan penyaluran, sedangkan PSAK No. 109 menyebutkan 5 komponen laporan keuangan yang terdiri dari Laporan Posisi Keuangan, Laporan Peubahan Modal, Laporan Perubahan Aset Kelolaan, Laporan Arus Kas, dan Catatan atas Laporan Keuangan.
PENGARUH UKURAN PERUSAHAAN, PROFITABILITAS, SOLVABILITAS DAN OPINI AUDITOR TERHADAP AUDIT DELAY
Authors: Sayidah Nur
Published: January 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis apakah ukuran perusahaan, profitabilitas, solvabilitas dan opini auditor terhadap audit delay pada perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2014-2015.Metode pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah judgment sampling dan diperoleh sampel sebanyak 43 perusahaan. Data yang dipakai merupakan data sekunder, yaitu laporan keuangan perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada tahun 2014-2015. Guna membuktikan hipotesis, dilakukan pengujian regresi berganda diawali dengan regresi data panel.Pengujian secara simultan menyimpulkan bahwa tidak semua variabel independen mempengaruhi variabel dependen. Pengujian secara parsial memperlihatkan hasil bahwa hanya 1 dari 4 faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap audit delay, yaitu ukuran perusahaan. Profitabilitas, Solvabilitas dan Opini Auditor tidak berpengaruh terhadap audit delay.
Article Title: â€œChild Labour Laws in South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe: A Comparative Analysisâ€
Authors: Khan Khatija Bibi
Published: January 2019

Erratum
On approximation of a periodic solution of the phase field crystal equation in simulations by the finite elements method
Authors: Стародумов Илья Олегович , Галенко Петр Константинович , Кропотин Николай Валентинович , Александров Дмитрий Валерьевич
Published: January 2019

В работе рассматривается математическая модель кристаллического фазового поля (КФП), описывающая эволюцию микроструктуры вещества во время процесса кристаллизации. Такая модель представлена нелинейным дифференциальным уравнением шестого порядка по пространству и второго по времени, для решения которого в последние годы были разработаны конечно-элементные алгоритмы, гарантирующие безусловную устойчивость и второй порядок сходимости. Однако, в силу периодического характера решения задачи КФП, точность аппроксимации решения может существенно меняться при изменении параметров дискретизации расчитываемой системы.

Принимая во внимание высокую вычислительную сложность задачи КФП в трехмерной постановке, актуальным практическим вопросом становится определение критериев дискретизации. В настоящей статье исследуется влияние размеров конечного элемента на аппроксимацию решения задачи КФП для случаев плоского и сферического фронта кристаллизации. Показано, что превышение определенных размеров конечного элемента приводит к существенным качественным и количественным изменениям численного решения и, как следствие, резкому снижению точности аппроксимации.
The use of convolutional neural networks for recognition of the type of premises using special features of the premises
Authors: Смирнов Александр Владимирович , Степанов Дмитрий Николаевич
Published: January 2019

В статье предложен метод распознавания свёрточной нейронной сетью (СНС) типа внутренних элементов планировки здания с использованием особых черт изображений этих элементов, таких как границы или края. Предлагается алгоритм предобработки изображений для выделения границ на изображении. Создаётся база данных с изображениями различных типов внутренних элементов планировки здания, таких как коридор, дверь (дверной проём), угловые конструкции и лестницы. Также в статье представлена собственная структура СНС для распознавания типов помещений, и представлены данные о точности распознавания. Разработанный метод предлагается использовать для первичной навигации мобильных роботов.
Analisis Personal Higiene dan Pengetahuan dengan Kejadian Skabies pada Santri di Pondok Pesantren Al-Ikhwan Kota Pekanbaru tahun 2017
Authors: Sari Nila Puspita , Mursyida Sella
Published: January 2019

Salah satu permasalahan yang sering dihadapi santri Pondok Pesantren Al-Ikhwan adalah personal higiene, seperti kebersihan kulit, tangan, kuku, genitalia, kaki dan pakaian. Kebiasaan hidup untuk menjaga kebersihan diri pribadi yang tidak baik merupakan salah satu penyebab timbulnya masalah kesehatan berupa penyakit skabies. Skabies merupakan salah satu penyakit kulit yang paling sering ditemukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui analisis sanitasi lingkungan dan personal higiene dengan kejadian skabies pada santri di pondok pesantren Al-Ikhwan Kota Pekanbaru. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskripsi analitik dan desain cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah santriwati berjumlah 143 santri. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 83 santri, dengan kriteria inklusi merupakan siswa yang bersedia menjadi responden di kelas VII-IX. Teknik pegambilan sampel menggunakan simple random sampling. Hasil uji statistik Chi Square untuk personal hygiene diperoleh nilai p =0,047, POR (95% CI) = 3,010 (1,119-8,098) artinya terdapat hubungan antara personal higiene terhadap kejadian skabies di Pondok Pesantren Al-Ikhwan dan juga terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan skabies di Pondok Pesantren Al-Ikhwan dengan nilai p = 0,011, POR (95% CI) = 0,254 (0,095-0,681). Simpulannya adalah ada hubungan antara personal hygiene dan pengetahuan terhadap kejadian scabies pada santri di Pondok Pesantren Al-Ikhwan Pekanbaru. Saran kepada pihak manajemen pondok pesantren untuk memberikan sosialiasi tentang pola prilaku hidup bersih dan personal higiene kepada santri agar dapat menimbulkan kesadaran yang tinggi terhadap perilaku kesehatan yang baik dalam mencegah penularan penyakit skabies.
Pemakaian Alat Kontrasepsi Suntik Berhubungan dengan Gangguan Menstruasi pada Akseptor KB di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Lubuk Buaya Padang Tahun 2018
Authors: Ananda Yuanita
Published: January 2019

Kontrasepsi adalah upaya untuk mencegah terjadi kehamilan. Menurut World Health Organization (WHO) penggunaan kontrasepsi suntik sebesar 38,35%, di Indonesia sebanyak 58%. Puskesmas Lubuk Buaya merupakan angka cakupan KB baru dan KB aktif dari 21766 orang pasangan usia subur (PUS) yang menggunakan jenis kontrasepsi suntik sebanyak 7.028 (42,3%). Penggunaan kontrasepsi suntik di Puskesmas Lubuk Buaya Padang sebanyak 9.689 (30,29%) aseptor.Tujuan penelitianini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan pemakaian alat kontrasepsi suntik dengan gangguan menstruasi pada akseptor KB di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Lubuk Buaya Padang Tahun 2018. Jenis penelitian analitik dengan desain Cross Sectional. Penelitian telah dilakukan di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Lubuk Buaya Padang Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh Akseptor aktif dengan suntik sebanyak 601orang, jumlah sampel sebanyak 86 orang, dengan cara Proportional Sampling. Data yang diperoleh dianalisa secara univariat dengan distribusi frekuensi dan bivariate dengan uji statistic Chi-Square. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa dari 86 responden, 69,8% akseptor KB menggunakan kontrasepsi suntik , 60,5% akseptor KB mengalami gangguan menstruasi. Uji Chi-Square terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara pemakaian alat kontrasepsi suntik dengan gangguan menstruasi, dengan nilai p value 0,003. Disarankan penelitian ini dapat dijadikan bahan informasi dalam upaya meningkatkan pelayanan.

 

Kata kunci :Pemakaian Kontrasepsi Suntik, GangguanMenstruasi
Combining Polarizable Embedding with the Frenkel Exciton Model: Applications to Absorption Spectra with Overlapping Solute-Solvent Bands
Authors: Stendevad Julie , Kongsted Jacob , Steinmann Casper
Published: January 2019

Modeling of spectral properties of extended chemical systems, such as the case of a solute in a solvent, is often performed based on so-called hybrid models in which only part of the complete system is given a quantum chemical description. The remaining part of the system is represented by an embedding potential treating the environment either by a discrete or continuum model. In order to successfully make use of minimally sized quantum chemical regions, the

embedding potential should represent the environment as authentic as possible. Here, the importance of exactly such an accurate description of the embedding potential is investigated by comparing the performance of the Polarizable Embedding scheme against larger sized full quantum mechanical calculations. Our main conclusion is that as long as the solute and solvent do not overlap in their absorption spectra, the Polarizable Embedding approach shows results consistent with full quantum chemical calculations. For partly overlapping absorption spectra the Polarizable Embedding approach can furthermore successfully be expanded within a Frenkel exciton approach based on only economical monomeric quantum chemical calculations. Thus, by extending the Polarizable Embedding scheme to the exciton picture it is possible to cover computations of the whole absorption spectrum and

still reduce the computational cost compared to costly cluster calculations.
Inorganic Co-Crystal Formation and Thermal Disproportionation in a Dicyanometallate 'Superperovskite'
Authors: Hill Joshua A. , Murray Claire A. , Tang Chiu C. , Thygesen Peter M. M. , Thompson Amber L. , Goodwin Andrew
Published: January 2019

We report the synthesis, crystal structure, and thermally- driven phase transformation of the dicyanometallate super- perovskite co-crystal [NBu4]Mn[Au(CN)2]3·[NBu4]ClO4. This phase is understandable in terms of the conventional ABX3 perovskite structure type, but with the NBu+4 A-site cation displaced onto the perovskite cage face and 1-dimensional AX′ chains included within framework pores opened up by these displacements. On heating to 380K, the co-crystal disproportionates into its two inorganic components: a bcs-structured ABX3 phase and [NBu4 ]ClO4 . This system illustrates a new type of structural and phase complexity accessible to dicyanometallate perovskites.
Dinámica reciente de la población en la comarca de Oviedo (1970-2011)
Authors: Obeso Muñiz Ícaro
Published: January 2019

En las últimas cuatro décadas la dinámica de la población asturiana se ha caracterizado por la concentración en su área central. En este contexto, la comarca de Oviedo ha incrementado notablemente su contingente demográfico. A partir de los datos desagregados disponibles más cercanos al poblamiento, las entidades singulares de población, se analiza el patrón espacial y se determinan las fases en las que se produjeron estos cambios. La distribución espacial del fenómeno muestra que las entidades que han experimentado importantes crecimientos se sitúan en las inmediaciones de Oviedo y en los márgenes de los principales ejes de comunicaciones. Por el contrario, las entidades que han sufrido un declive demográfico más acusado se localizan en entornos de marcado carácter rural y en áreas afectadas por el cese de las actividades industriales y mineras.
Serogroup C Neisseria meningitidis disease epidemiology, seroprevalence, vaccine effectiveness and waning immunity, England, 1998/99 to 2015/16
Authors: Findlow Helen , Campbell Helen , Lucidarme Jay , Andrews Nick , Linley Ezra , Ladhani Shamez , Borrow Ray
Published: January 2019

Background

In 1999, the United Kingdom (UK) was the first country to introduce meningococcal group C (MenC) conjugate vaccination. This vaccination programme has evolved with further understanding, new vaccines and changing disease epidemiology.

Aim

To characterise MenC disease and population protection against MenC disease in England.

Methods

Between 1998/99–2015/16, surveillance data from England for laboratory-confirmed MenC cases were collated; using the screening method, we updated vaccine effectiveness (VE) estimates. Typing data and genomes were obtained from the Meningitis Research Foundation Meningococcus Genome Library and PubMLST Neisseria database. Phylogenetic network analysis of MenC cc11 isolates was undertaken. We compared bactericidal antibody assay results using anonymised sera from 2014 to similar data from 1996–1999, 2000–2004 and 2009.

Results

MenC cases fell from 883 in 1998/99 (1.81/100,000 population) to 42 cases (0.08/100,000 population) in 2015/16. Lower VE over time since vaccination was observed after infant immunisation (p = 0.009) and a single dose at 1–4 years (p = 0.03). After vaccination at 5–18 years, high VE was sustained for ≥ 8 years; 95.0% (95% CI: 76.0– 99.5%). Only 25% (75/299) children aged 1–14 years were seroprotected against MenC disease in 2014. Recent case isolates mostly represented two cc11 strains.

Conclusion

High quality surveillance has furthered understanding of MenC vaccines and improved schedules, maximising population benefit. The UK programme provides high direct and indirect protection despite low levels of seroprotection in some age groups. High-resolution characterisation supports ongoing surveillance of distinct MenC cc11 lineages.
The contribution of child, family and health service factors to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) hospital admissions in the first 3 years of life: birth cohort study in Scotland, 2009 to 2015
Authors: Hardelid Pia , Verfuerden Maximiliane , McMenamin Jim , Smyth Rosalind L , Gilbert Ruth
Published: January 2019

Introduction

Several vaccines for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are under development. Designing an effective vaccination programme for RSV requires information about the relative contribution of risk factors for severe RSV symptoms.

Aim

To inform preventive strategies in Europe by quantifying the contribution of key child, family and health service risk factors to the burden of RSV hospital admissions in young children.

Methods

We constructed a birth cohort study of all singleton children born in Scotland between October 2009 and September 2012 using linkage between birth registration, maternity, vaccination and hospital admission records, with follow-up until the age of 3 years. RSV-confirmed hospital admissions were defined using linkage to national laboratory surveillance data. We estimated hospital admission rates per 1,000 child years and length of stay according to each risk factor. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios.

Results

There were 5,185 RSV admissions among the 169,726 children in the cohort: 48.6% of admissions occurred before the age of 6 months, and 29.6% after the age of 1 year. Children born prematurely, small for gestational age, between July and December, with chronic conditions, older siblings, mothers < 30 years old or delayed infant vaccination had a significantly increased risk of admission. Minimising the risk posed by older siblings could reduce RSV admissions by up to 34%.

Conclusion

Future RSV vaccination programmes must protect children throughout early childhood. Vaccination and/or interventions to reduce transmission by older siblings could substantially reduce RSV hospital admissions.
Vom Unwesen der Lüge
Authors: Lotter Maria-Sibylla
Published: January 2019

Lying in the sense of declaring as true what you believe to be false takes a special position within ethical discourse concerning truthfulness and the virtues and vices of communication. None of the many other ways in which people lack truthfulness is considered nearly as vicious as lying. However, in everyday life our attitude towards lying is far from consistent insofar as we tend to take both an absolutist and a relativist position towards lying. The article shows that our inconsistency derives from several philosophical traditions which have developed widely different concepts and moral attitudes with regard to lying. And with respect to the challenges of present life it is argued that instead of bending all our thoughts on lying, we should rather follow Michel Foucault and Bernard Williams in distinguishing the virtues of veracity we should cultivate in the different areas of modern life.
JEBOLNYA TANGGUL SITU GINTUNG (27 MARET 2009) BUKAN KARENA FAKTOR CURAH HUJAN EKSTRIM
Authors: Harsoyo Budi
Published: January 2019

Analisis spasial dan hidrologi telah dilakukan untuk mengetahui faktor utama yangmenyebabkan insiden jebolnya Situ Gintung pada 27 Maret 2009. Analisis spasialdilakukan untuk mendapatkan beberapa parameter yang perlu sebagai masukan untukanalisis hidologi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa curah hujan sebenarnya menjadisalah satu faktor yang menyebabkan insiden, tetapi tidak sebagai faktor utama. Kondisitanggul yang sudah rusak sebagai akibat dari waktu hidup dan juga kondisi saluranpembuangan yang belum berfungsi sebagai seperti sebagai awalnya pada saatdibangun oleh Pemerintah Belanda, lebih sebagai faktor utama yang menyebabkanledakan insiden bendungan Situ Gintung Spatial and hidrology analysis has been done to find out the main factor of causingthe burst of Situ Gintung dam incident on March 27, 2009. Spatial analysis was doneto get some parameters that needs as input for hidology analysis. The analysis resultsindicating that rain fall actually was be one of cause factors that incident, but not as themain factor. The condition of dike which already broken as the consequence of its lifetime and also the condition of spill way which has not function as like as innitialy builtby Nederland Goverment, is more as principal factor of causing the burst of Situ Gintung dam incident.
REVIEW MODELING HIDROLOGI DAS DI INDONESIA
Authors: Harsoyo Budi
Published: January 2019

Berbagai model simulasi hidrologi telah dikembangkan untuk menjelaskan prosesmengubah input (dalam bentuk hujan) menjadi output (dalam bentuk aliran sungai) dengan mempertimbangkan karakteristik fisik DAS. Model simulasi hidrologi pada dasarnya dirancang untuk menyederhanakan sistem hidrologi, sehingga perilaku dari beberapa komponen dalam sistem dapat diketahui. Makalah ini membahas pemodelan hidrologi banyak diterapkan di Indonesia, dimulai dengan peninjauan definisi dan klasifikasi model hidrologi, dan lanjutkan dengan ulasan beberapa model hidrologi DAS untuk skala bersama dengan beberapa contoh aplikasi yang telah dilakukan dalam penelitian di Indonesia.Various hydrological simulation model has been developed to explain the process of changing inputs (in the form of rain) into outputs (in the form of the river flow) by considering the physical characteristics of the watershed. Hydrologic simulation model is basically designed to simplify the hydrological system, so the behavior of some components in the system can be known. This paper discusses the many hydrologic modeling applied in Indonesia, starting with a review of the definition and classification of hydrological model, and proceed with a review of several watershed hydrological model to scale along with some examples of applications that have been done in research in Indonesia.
POTENSI ATMOSFER DALAM PEMBENTUKAN AWAN KONVEKTIF PADA PELAKSANAAN TEKNOLOGI MODIFIKASI CUACA DI DAS KOTOPANJANG DAN DAS SINGKARAK 2010
Authors: Syaifullah M Djazim
Published: January 2019

Kajian potensi atmosfer terhadap proses pembentukan dan pertumbuhan awan konvektifpada saat pelaksanaan Teknologi Modifikasi Cuaca (TMC) telah dilakukan dengan datapengamatan sounding dari stasiun Tabing Sumatera Barat. Sebanyak 330 buah datapengamatan harian jam 00Z dan 12Z dari Juni sampai dengan Nopember 2010 telahdianalisis. Dengan aplikasi RAOB analisis dilakukan untuk menentukan parameterdan indeks radiosonde sebagai penduga potensi atmosfer di wilayah tersebut. Hasilanalisis kandungan uap air yang diwakili oleh nilai Mixing Ratio dan PW menunjukkanbahwa selama bulan-bulan tersebut kandungan uap air cukup besar, presipitasi yangdihasilkan dipengaruhi oleh labilitas atmosfer yang diindikasikan oleh beberapa indeksradiosonde. Apabila labilitas pada hari itu cukup baik, maka peluang presipitasinyaakan semakin besar.Study the potential of the atmosphere on the formation and growth of convective cloudsduring the implementation of Weather Modification Technology (TMC) has been donewith observational data came from Padang, West Sumatra station. A further 330 piecesof observation data at 00Z and 12Z each day from June to November 2010 has beenanalyzed. By the RAOB application analysis conducted to determine the parameters and indices as sounding estimators of potential atmospheric in the region. Moisture content analysis results that represented by the value of Mixing Ratio (MR) and Precipitable Water (PW) showed that during the months of water vapor content is quite large, the rainfall was influenced by atmospheric unstability could indicated by several indexes. If unstability on the day was good enough, then the precipitation will be even greater.
KONSEP AIR VIRTUAL (VIRTUAL WATER CONCEPT)
Authors: Harsoyo Budi
Published: January 2019

Munculnya konsep air virtual berasal dari kesadaran tentang menipisnya persediaanair dari dunia saat ini yang mengharuskan kita untuk mulai memikirkan cara-cara untukmenghemat air. Konsep yang telah mengungkapkan realitas paradoks transfer air daridaerah surplus ke daerah air krisis air secara virtual telah diterapkan oleh beberapanegara yang mulai mengalami kelangkaan air saat ini dalam kegiatan perdaganganinternasional. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk meninjau konsep air virtual, berdasarkanreview beberapa makalah dan artikel yang berhubungan dengan tema terkait. Makalahini juga menjelaskan tentang definisi air virtual, bagaimana cara menghitungnya,dan signifikansi konsep ini dalam kaitannya dengan perdagangan internasional danpergerakan air konservasi air secara global.The emergence of virtual water concept originated from the awareness about thedepletion of water supplies from the world today that require us to begin to think of waysto save the water. The concept which has revealed the reality of paradoxical transfer ofwater from water surplus areas to water crisis areas in virtual has been applied by somecountries that began experiencing water scarcity is currently in its international tradeactivities. This paper aims to review the concept of virtual water, based on a review ofseveral papers and articles dealing with related themes. This paper also explained about the definition of virtual water, how is it calculated, and the significance of this concept in relation to international water trading and water conservation movement globally.
STUDI MODEL UNTUK PENINGKATAN PRESIPITASI AWAN KONVEKTIF DENGAN BUBUK GARAM
Authors: M. V Belyaeva , A.S Drofa , V.N Ivanov , Kudsy Mahally , Haryanto Untung , Goenawan R Djoko , Harsanti Dini , Ridwan Ridwan
Published: January 2019

Sebuah studi tentang penggunaan garam serbuk polidispersi sebagai bahan semaitelah dilaksanakan dengan memakai model 1-dimensi. Dalam studi ini pengaruhpenambahan serbuk garam tersebut terhadap distribusi tetes awan dan jumlah penambahan presipitasi telah dilakukan, serta hasilnya telah dianalisa dan dibandingkan dengan hasil yang diperoleh pada pemakaian partikel higroskopis yang diperoleh dari flare piroteknik. Kondisi awan yang dipelajari terdiri dari beberapa macam ketinggian, updraft dan konsentrasi inti kondensasi atmosfer semula. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa bubuk garam polidisperse dapat dipakai untuk menghasilkan presipitasi dari awan marginal yang biasanya tidak mampu menghasilkan presipitasi.A study of use of polydisperse salt as seeding agent in cloud modification was conducted using 1-dimensional model. In this study the effects of introduction of the salt powder to cloud droplet distribution and the amount of precipitation enhancement were analyzed and compared to the results obtained by introduction of hygroscopic particles from pyrotechnic flares at various cloud media conditions such as cloud thickness, updraft, and original atmospheric condensation nuclei. This study reveals that polydisperse salt powder is usable to obtain precipitation from marginal cloud that usually can not produce precipitation.
DISTRIBUSI TEMPORAL DAN SPASIAL TEKANAN UDARA TERKAIT PERTUMBUHAN AWAN DI DAS LARONA, SULAWESI SELATAN
Authors: Seto Tri Handoko
Published: January 2019

Telah dilakukan análisis temporal dan spasial data tekanan udara dan curah hujan menggunakan data hasil pengukuran dengan AWS dan penakar hujan manual di DASLarona, Sulawesi Selatan. Dari hasil analisis temporal nampak bahwa tekanan udarapermukaan cenderung turun saat pertumbuhan awan. Penurunan tekanan menjadi energi yang digunakan untuk menarik massa udara di sekitarnya. Ketika terjadi hujan maka tekanan udara menjadi tinggi akibat adanya pendinginan masa udara. Dari analisisspasial nampak bahwa daerah yang memiliki tekanan lebih rendah cenderung memilikicurah hujan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan daerah-daerah di sekitarnya. Hasilpenelitian ini bisa dijadikan referensi bahwa ketika terjadi pertumbuhan awan di suatulokasi maka aliran udara akan masuk menuju lokasi pertumbuhan awan. Semakin kuat pertumbuhan awannya maka semakin kuat tarikan massa udara dari sekitarnya. Dalam teknologi modifikasi cuaca, usaha memperkuat pertumbuhan awan mungkin bisa dijadikan salah satu strategi untuk menarik massa udara atau awan-awan yang lebih kecil ke area dengan pertumbuhan awan yang kuat. Namun masih perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk membuktikan hipotesa ini.Temporal and spatial data analysis of air pressure and rainfall data using AWS andrain gauges in the watershed of Larona, South Sulawesi has been done. From theresults it appears that surface air pressure tends to fall when clouds develop. Pressuredecreasing became energy which is used to draw air mass from the vicinity. When itrains then the air pressure increased due to the cooling of the air. From the spatialanalysis it appears that areas with lower pressure tend to have higher rainfall than thesurrounding areas. The results of this study can be used as a reference that when thereis cloud growth in a location, air flow will go to the location of cloud growth. The stronger cloud’s growth the stronger pull of the surrounding air mass. In weather modification technology, strengthen the growth of cloud technique may be used as one strategy to attract the mass of air or clouds of smaller clouds to the area with strong growth. But it still needs to do further research to prove this hypothesis.
PENGARUH ENSO TERHADAP POLA ANGIN DAN CURAH HUJAN DI DAS LARONA, SULAWESI SELATAN
Authors: Renggono Findy
Published: January 2019

Ketersediaan air di danau-danau yang berada di DAS Larona sangat penting karenaair yang mengalir keluar dari danau digunakan untuk menggerakkan turbin pembangkitlistrik. Kajian pola cuaca dan iklim di wilayah ini sangat dibutuhkan untuk mengetahuiwaktu yang tepat dalam melakukan tindakan antisipasi kekurangan air, termasuk mengadakan kegiatan teknologi modifikasi cuaca untuk menambah curah hujan. Hasilanalisis dengan data angin permukaan NCEP menunjukkan bahwa pola pergerakanangin di wilayah ini dipengaruhi oleh kondisi ENSO. Pada saat El Nino Angin Timuranbertambah kuat, dan angin dari selatan melemah. Curah hujan pada saat El Nino dapatberkurang sampai 22% dari normalnya, namun pada saat La Nina dapat bertambahsebesar 50%.Water availability in Larona watershed is very important as it is used to drive turbinesof Hydro electric power. Study of weather and climate patterns is needed to anticipatedwater shortages, as well as to conduct the weather modification technology for rainenhancement. NCEP surface wind data analysis indicate that the pattern of windmovement in the region is affected by ENSO. During El Nino, easterly wind is gettingstronger, and the southerly wind is weaker. during El Nino rainfall reduced to 22% ofnormal, but during La Nina it increased by 50%.
PENGARUH JENIS SEDIMEN WETLAND DALAM REDUKSI SULFAT PADA LIMBAH AIR ASAM TAMBANG (AAT)
Authors: Fahruddin Fahruddin
Published: January 2019

Increasing mining activities in several regions in Indonesia, began to faceproblems, namely of environmental pollution. One of the mining waste that is liquidsulfur, or acid mine water, which can lower the pH of the water and dissolves heavymetals. Countermeasures for the chemical method is to use lime, but this is lesseffective. The method is good and is environmentally friendly way by using biologicalbacteria sulphate reduction bacteria (SRB) that naturally there are many in thesediment wetland. Goal of this research is to find the type of sediment wetland mosteffectively increase the pH and decrease the concentration of sulphate in acid minewater. The sediment wetland is used mangroves, swamp, rice fields, and beaches.Treatment bioreaktor made on the filled with sediment underneath the compost isgiven further incubation for 50 days. The observation of pH and content of sulphatebased on the value of OD spektrofotometer and known pH increased to the highestin the pH of 7.3 is in the swamp sediment treatment, while the only other treatmentuntil the pH 6-6,7. Increasing the pH in accordance with the decrease in the rate ofSO4 is most sharply in the swamp sediment treatment as well as the most effectivetreatment.
PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI MINUMAN RINGAN
Authors: Indriyati Indriyati , Susanto Joko Prayitno
Published: January 2019

The concentration of soft drink contains organic waste water not so high. There foreone of the alternative of processing technology is used aerobic system: Oxydationditch. On this observation can be seen that the system is able to degrade theorganic matter by observe the operation parameters process to operate the systemand the parameters are BOD, COD, TSS, Oil & grease, TDS, Total N and pH. Allparameters show stability process during 3 (three) months operation. Base on thecriteria as mentioned above, the efficiency that can be reached by this system arearound 96,875 % for BOD efficiency, COD 96 % for COD efficiency , TSS 80 %, Oil& grease 75 %, Total N 76,92 % and pH 41 %.
PENGETAHUAN LOKAL TENTANG LINGKUNGAN: STUDI KASUS ETNIS WAWONII, SULAWESI TENGGARA
Authors: Rahayu Mulyati , Royyani Mohammad Fathi , Rugayah Rugayah
Published: January 2019

Wawonii ethnic represent the majority groups and ethnic origin dwelling Wawoniiisland, Southeast Sulawesi. In their traditional life, this ethnic has own mannersand customs for managing natural resources. Local knowledge research’s aboutenvironment ecosystem of owned Wawonii ethnic have been carried out since2003 to 2006. Several countryside of Wawolaa, Lansilowo, Lampeapi, Bobolioand Dompo-dompo Jaya have been visited during this study. At least 6 kindsenvironment sets have been identified, manely “kura eya” primary forest, “lalibata” secondary forest, “anantalu” brushes, “laro wita” field, “laro le” grasslandand “kapo” village. Although there local knowledge have a lot of change, howeverit still remain their wisdom and become the guidance in their daily activities.
PRODUKSI XILANASE MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA LIMBAH PERTANIAN DAN PERKEBUNAN
Authors: Trismilah Trismilah , Waltam Deden Rosid
Published: January 2019

Waste Agriculture of paddy like hay, bran, chaff and frond of banana and alsowaste plantation of coconut root and cangkang of sawit pregnant [of] lignoselulosa(cellulose, lignine and hemiselulosa).In order to searching alternative materials for the production of xylanase hencedone by research of xylanase production of agriculture waste and plantationwaste like the above. Xylanase produced from Bacillus stearothermopillusDSM 22, using hay, bran, chaff and frond of banana and also coconut root andcangkang of sawit as source of carbon while as source of nitrogen and nutrisi bymolasses and urea. Fermentation done in the erlenmeyer use incubator shakerwith condition of temperature 550C, pH early 8, and agitation 250 rpm. Fromresult of research obtained activity of xylanase highest 0.523 Unit / ml.menit and0.429 Unit / ml.menit at to 30 hours with bran media of oven ( DO) and naturalhay ( JA) respectively with natural bran medium (DA) activity of xylanase highest0.514 Unit / ml.menit at 24 hours fermentation. Fermentation using fermentor withnatural hay and condition of temperature 550C, pH 8, and agitation 250 rpm resultactivity of xylanase highest 2.47 Unit / ml.menit at to 32 hours.
MESIN PENGERING PRODUK PERTANIAN BERTENAGA PANAS BUMI
Authors: Hasan Achmad
Published: January 2019

Indonesia as the biggest geothermal potential country in the world. There are252 geothermal locations have been identified that distributed along a volcanicbelt extending from Sumatera, Java, Nusa Tenggara, Sulawesi, Maluku untilPapua. Utilization of this energy be side for electrical power generation, it is usedfor non electrical (direct uses) as well. In the agriculture area with high rainfall,drying process can decrease quality of crop products. The tools doesn’t produceemission and doesn’t make noises and also as clean energy. By optimization theutilization of geothermal energy that available surrounding the agriculture areacould increase the local people economic.
PEMBENTUKAN TUNAS Lilium sp. SECARA EX VITRO DAN IN VITRO
Authors: Hoesen Djadja Siti Hazar
Published: January 2019

Buds, planlets and bulblets formation from excised bulbscales was the preferredmethod for vegetative propagation of Lilium sp (Liliaceae). The ex vitro techniqueswith Gibberellic acid (GA3) pretreatment was induced buds formation on scalescutting which planted on sterilized sand media. Buds rised from basal scales 7days after planted. However scales untreated GA3 obtained in 35-42 after planted.In vitro methods to promote buds initiated from bulbscales explants, was inducedon media MS (Murashige and Skoog) supplemented with GA3 1 mg/l. Media forinduced buds formation, MS contained Benzyl adenine (BA) 1 mg/l and 2 mg/lincreased multiple shoots formation significantly compared cultured on mediawithout BA. Roots growth improved on media contained NAA, but the highestplanlets achieved on cultured MS media without BA. Bulblets formation obtainedon media contained higher concentration of BA (5 mg/l).
PERANAN TUMBUHAN LIAR DALAM KONSERVASI SERANGGA PENYERBUK ORDO HYMENOPTERA
Authors: Erniwati Erniwati , Kahono Sih
Published: January 2019

The role of the wild plants in relation to the conservation of the Indonesian insectpollinators was studied at several areas of Java. Three of direct observationmethods were applied: study of biodiversity and observation on the wild flowersand the insect pollinators as well, and the behaviour of the insects. The flowersof wild plants were relatively smaller and paler in colour, however they were moreattractive to insect pollinators than cultivated plants. Flowering time of the wildplants was mostly during wet seasons, contrary to that of the cultivated plantswhich was mostly during dry seasons. Our observation indicated that these wildplants are the food resources of insect pollinators during wet seasons. Observationdata support the importance of wild plants to supply food to insect pollinatorsduring wet seasons. Management of wild and cultivated plant environments isnecessary to conserve insect pollinators.