bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La flexibilidad estricta en la Lectura y la Escritura
Authors: Rodríguez Barón Constanza
Published: January 2015

Este artículo plantea la necesidad de darle más impor- tancia a la lectura y escritura en todos los contextos académicos. Para este fin, los primeros que tenemos que involucrarnos en estas prácticas, que posteriormente serán transmitidas a los estudiantes, somos los maestros.  Por otra parte, el artículo pretende hacer reflexionar a los docentes que en los colegios y pregrados no aprovechan el interés que los estudiantes tienen en la tecnología y no los guían en su uso como herramienta para fomentar la lectura. Por último, cuestiona la exclusión, que en algunos casos, las instituciones educativas ponen en práctica al no tener en cuenta la heterogenei- dad de bagaje e intereses de lectura y escritura con que llegan los estudiantes.
Revisitando la crítica a la teoría fundamentada
Authors: Escalante Gómez Eduardo
Published: January 2015

El propósito de este artículo es examinar algunas de las críticas relacionadas con la  perspectiva  de investigación desde la teoría fundamentada. Al interior del enfoque interpretativista se encuentran numerosos métodos para construir conocimiento y cada uno tiene su fundamento filosófico, prácticas, y métodos de interpretación. La teoría fundamentada es una de tales metodologías. Sin embargo, ésta en particular, a veces se percibe como cercana al positivismo y al funcionalismo, que enfatiza los procedimientos metodológicos para analizar datos y generar teorías. Este artículo discute la teoría fundamentada, principalmente desde sus presupuestos filosóficos de la metodología y procede a examinar algunos de los conceptos claves asociados con este enfoque.
Análisis de percepción de marca Producto Miel de Abejas en el mercado de Bogotá
Authors: Erasso Arango Natalia , Montoya Restrepo Luz Alexandra
Published: January 2015

La miel es un producto que, por tradición, se ha consumido en los hogares colombianos y en particular en su capital. Sin embargo, poco se ha explorado sobre las razones y los motivos que orientan, desde el comprador y desde el ofertante, la decisión de compra. Este trabajo presenta un análisis soportado en información y datos desde el interior del sector y a partir del punto de vista del consumidor, identifica la percepción que se tiene sobre el producto  en el entorno de Bogotá, específicamente en las localidades con mayor ingreso per cápita. Adicionalmente, permite visualizar en qué medida se reconocen las marcas a la vez que determina a través de cuáles características se puede trabajar un desarrollo de marca para un producto nuevo en esta categoría.
Relaciones UE-LAC: ¿Al vaivén de la coyuntura?
Authors: Anzola Pinzón Juan Pablo
Published: January 2015

En el documento presentado hace un año, se enfatizó la poca relevancia que tenía América Latina para Europa y la importancia del dinamismo de la iniciativa privada para la interacción entre los dos continentes. Hoy día, es imperativo referirse al encuentro realizado en Madrid durante el mes de mayo, en cuya declaración (aunado a acciones tomadas por parte de Europa)I se nota un mejo- ramiento por parte de ambos bloques en la percepción mutua, y podría prever una profundización en la relación a nivel político.
La calidad, valor diferencial de la televisión informativa en el nuevo mercado de la comunicación: el caso de Colombia
Authors: Hernández Rodríguez Juan Camilo , Gómez Giraldo Juan Carlos , Gutiérrez Coba Liliana María , Arango Forero Germán Antonio
Published: January 2015

Los telediarios que triunfan, en el vorazmercado de la información, son aquellos que reconocen en la calidadperiodística un parámetro diferencial de competitividad y, por tanto, su másimportante fuente de rentabilidad. Desafortunadamente en Colombia losnoticieros de la televisión abierta no le otorgan importancia a lainvestigación propia, a la consulta diversificada de fuentes, a la búsqueda deun equilibrio informativo y al uso de elementos de contexto; todos, componentesde calidad;  tal como se evidencia eneste artículo, que recoge una parte de los hallazgos de una observaciónsistemática a estos tele informativos que elaboró el Observatorio de Medios dela Facultad de Comunicación de la Universidad de La Sabana y financiada por laComisión Nacional de Televisión.
La narrativa conversacional como mecanismo de liderazgo y cohesión social
Authors: Cisneros Estupiñan Mireya , Pasuy Guerrero Gladys Yolanda
Published: January 2015

El presente artículo constituyeuna aproximación al componente evaluativo de las narrativas conversacionales enun grupo de personas adictas a sustancias psicoactivas que acuden al centro derehabilitación Casa Renacer. En el análisis, se examina las historias narradaspara demostrar cómo éstas revelan el imaginario que los internos tienen acercade su condición. Nuestro análisismuestra que las narrativas conversacionales que se realizan en este espacio nocumplen principalmente con una función terapéutica, sino más bien de liderazgoy cohesión social.El marco de referencia en el cualse encuadran estas líneas, se basa en la obra de William Labov La transformación de la experiencia ensintaxis narrativa. El corpus a analizar corresponde al trabajo de campo,fruto de las visitas a la          “CasaRenacer” y de las grabaciones obtenidas durante dichos encuentros.
Persuasión y tendencias de consumo
Authors: Mastrodoménico Hugo
Published: January 2015

En el presente artículo se revisan losconceptos fundamentales  de la persuasióny las tendencias de consumo. Se consideran los aspectos que generan  mayor polémica y se exponen los hallazgos mássignificativos en este campo. Igualmente se invita a la sociedad, especialmentea los estamentos académicos que tienen relación con este tema, a explorar lasimplicaciones de responsabilidad social y conveniencia del empleo de algunastécnicas persuasivas.
Uso del mercadeo estratégico en las Mipymes de Bogotá
Authors: Rojas Berrio Sandra Patricia , Vega Rodríguez Ricardo Arturo
Published: January 2015

A través de esta investigación se pretende generar una serie de reflexiones acerca de elementos teóricos y prác- ticos que dificultan la aplicación del mercadeo estratégico en las Mipymes bogotanas y, que trae como  consecuen- cia, la alta tasa de mortalidad de este tipo de organiza- ciones. Surgen entonces aspectos que van desde los mismos planteamientos teóricos y de aplicabilidad del mercadeo estratégico,  (pues este último se concibe como una práctica afín a los recursos y dinámicas de la gran empresa, de allí que sea pertinente conocer cuáles son las barreras más frecuentes del mercadeo)  hasta  los elementos que  permiten estimular y facilitar el uso del mercadeo estratégico en las Mipymes colombianas y latinoamericanas. Se parte de la definición propuesta por la legislación colombiana de las Mipymes para pasar a recalcar su importancia dentro de la economía y plantear la proble- mática colombiana (a través de las cifras de su ciudad capital, Bogotá) de destrucción de riqueza por el cierre de empresas, en su mayoría Mipymes y cuya causalidad tiene significativos elementos de mala administración de mercadeo y comercial. Seguidamente se presentan los resultados logrados incluyendo los beneficios y las barreras encontradas en este contexto para la aplicación del mercadeo estratégico en las Mipymes. Se cierra el documento con una serie de consideraciones finales y recomendaciones.
Hugo Zapata siembra sus flores de piedra en China
Authors: Cobo Borda Juan Gustavo
Published: January 2015

La roca, elemento medular de la obra del artista colombiano Hugo Zapata, se presenta como el eje de la reflexión que en esta edición de Poliantea propone Juan Gustavo Cobo Borda. El escritor se aproxima al trabajo de Zapata y dilucida algunos de sus motivos y temas primordiales.
La estrategia aplicada a las universidades
Authors: Rivas Tovar Luis Arturo , Chávez Adela , Peña María Del Pilar
Published: January 2015

Este  trabajo describe los modelosde gobierno universitarios más destacados en el mundo,  haciendo énfasis en  el caso de los gobiernos universitarios latinoamericanosdonde se distinguen cuatro  modelos degobierno: el burocrático, el colegial, el empresarial y el  híbrido.  Este trabajo reflexiona sobre las estrategias  que se pueden implementar en cada  modelo, especialmente  analizando ydescribiendo el caso mexicano.
Editorial
Authors: Hernández Muñoz Sergio
Published: January 2015

Estas cortas líneas están motivadas por un solo interés: hacer un reconoci- miento a la Rectoría que por más de 17 años ejerció brillantemente el doctor Pablo Michelsen Niño al frente de la Institución, y que buscan servir como pretexto para agradecer su valiosa ges- tión y resaltar los logros alcanzados dentro de la misma.
Historia de la locución radiofónica en Colombia. Caracterización de unas posibles etapas.
Authors: Cuesta Moreno Óscar Julián
Published: January 2015

El artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación que tuvo comoobjetivo caracterizar la historia de la locución radiofónica en Colombia. Paraello, se realizó, en primer lugar, una búsqueda documental en esta línea y, ensegundo lugar, se efectuaron entrevistas en profundidad a cinco locutores demás de treinta años de experiencia en esta labor. El texto propone comoconclusión la formulación de cuatro etapas históricas para la locucióncolombiana y establece la relación de estas etapas con el desarrollotecnológico en la radiodifusión.
Prácticas fotográficas, producción de saber y manifestaciones de la violencia
Authors: Casasbuenas María José
Published: January 2015

Esteartículo desarrolla una reflexión sobre la naturaleza de las prácticasfotográficas y su relación con las manifestaciones de la violencia. Ante laconsolidación de la fotografía como mecanismo de validación del saber, el textoproblematiza la manera como en las sociedades modernas la fotografía contribuyea la reafirmación de formas de dominación y exclusión que trascienden enmanifestaciones de violencia y transforman nuestras representaciones de losconflictos armados.
Proyecto cultural La Moviola. Retrato de la metamorfosis de un cineclub
Authors: Romero Baltodano Andrés
Published: January 2015

Hay personas a las que les gusta ver llover, a otros les parece fabuloso probar diversos tipos de chiles, a otros les llena la danza o incluso abominaciones, como la cacería de animales indefensos y las corridas de toros.
Narrativas publicitarias de la modernidad en la prensa colombiana de los años treinta
Authors: Villadiego Prins Mirla , Bernal Maz Patricia , Urbanczyk María
Published: January 2015

Este artículo presenta algunos resultados de la investigación La modernidad colombiana contada por el relato publicitario: 1900-1950. La exposición se concentra en la década de los años treinta y da cuenta de la construcción narrativa que la publicidad hizo de la modernidad en Colombia, a partir del análisis estructural de Barthes, pero sin perder de vista la referencia a los contextos desde los cuales esa publicidad era recibida por los lectores de los periódicos. Esta manera de proceder permitió entender no solo qué pudo significar en el país ser o sentirse modernos, sino también comprender las lógicas desde las cuales la narración publicitaria se producía para hacer familiar entre sus consumidores, reales o potenciales, una nueva época, la época moderna, que para ese entonces se traducía en una novedad desconocida para la mayoría de los colombianos.
Art deco cine: lo moderno necesario
Authors: Luz Lourdes , Iwata Nara
Published: January 2015

El trabajo presentado se centra en la lectura de los cines de Art Deco en todo el Río de la década de 1930 y 1940. El cine Art Deco fue diseñado como un espacio de neutralidad, la inevitable transición de eclecticismo del siglo XIX hasta la asepsia modernista. Con el fin de evocar el necesario moderno, se convirtió en una revisión crítica de la misma y Art Déco permite cambios formales y conceptuales, así como un análisis de los fundamentos teóricos que impregnaron el movimiento, tomando como paradigma de los Cines Metro.
Repensar la identificación con personajes mediáticos de ficción
Authors: Sola Morales Salomé
Published: January 2015

El objetivo de este artículo es realizar una revisión teórico-metodológica sobre los procesos de identificación con los personajes mediáticos de ficción. Tratamos de considerar hasta qué punto este fenómeno es clave para entender la construcción de identidades. Además cuestionaremos si existen diferencias entre la identificación con personajes en la recepción, y en la participación virtual. La tesis que aquí se sostiene es la siguiente: las identificaciones que los sujetos realizan en la recepción mediática y en la participación virtual desempeñan un papel fundamental en la construcción de la identidad, la personalidad y las expectativas psicosociales de los sujetos. Sin embargo, mientras que en la recepción la identificación se trata de un proceso interno, en la participación virtual se trata de un proceso externo de carácter proyectivo.
Is Osmium Always the Densest Metal?
Authors: Arblaster John W.
Published: January 2015

Having established that osmium is the densest metal at room temperature the question arises as to whether it is always the densest metal. It is shown here that at ambient pressure osmium is the densest metal at all temperatures, although there is an ambiguity below 150 K. At room temperature iridium becomes the densest metal above a pressure of 2.98 GPa, at which point the densities of the two metals are equal at 22,750 kg m–3.
Briefing: The Breakwaters and Coastal Structures conference: what progress in 30 years?
Authors: Allsop N. William H.
Published: January 2015

The Institution of Civil Engineers ‘Breakwaters’ conference has been run for more than 30 years. The proceedings for each conference have presented both the papers and their discussions. This short briefing reviews changes in the ‘state of art’ in designing and constructing breakwaters and coastal structures as revealed by this series of ten conferences. The briefing highlights a number of key papers or reports part have made me most contribution to knowledge.
Technology Update: Nanochemistry Drives New Method for Removal and Control of Wax
Authors: Tukenov Dauren
Published: January 2015

Technology Update

Paraffin wax precipitation and deposition is one of the pervasive nuisances in oil industry operations worldwide, with wax deposits creating problems from the wellhead to the refinery.

Up to 85% of the world’s oil is adversely affected by paraffin wax precipitating out and solidifying at the wellbore, in tubing, perforations, pump strings, and rods, and throughout the transfer system of flowlines and pipelines (Figs. 1a, 1b, and 1c). Precipitation and deposition causes equipment failures, bottlenecks upstream and downstream, and loss of production, transport capacity, and storage.

Because of paraffin wax deposition, thousands of wells are shut in, numerous pipelines blocked, transport vessels taken out of service, tanks locked in, and refinery equipment shut down at any given time globally, all resulting in loss of revenue.

Common remedies such as the application of hot oil or hot water, mechanical scraping, and solvent cleaning can be cumbersome, costly, and hazardous. They also are effective only for short periods and soon need reapplications.

Paralax, a novel chemical treatment that controls wax precipitation, was developed by a small United States-based engineering firm that has been acquired by Diversitech Holdings. The treatment does not fit conventional wax-control chemical definitions. More than a dispersant, solvent, or inhibitor, the chemical works when mixed and activated with crude oil by a proprietary nanochemical mechanism and attacks wax differently.

Flushing wax with activated crude oil removes the wax by layers and creates a waxophobic (wax repelling) condition for an extended period. The chemistry is also environmentally friendly, being nontoxic and nonvolatile, and the activator is safe to handle. Spills can be washed down and no special handling requirements are needed.

The advantages of activated crude oil treatment over other dewaxing methods are

Significantly less labor for wax control, freeing personnel for other important tasks

Significantly less frequency of treatment

“Smart chemistry” that works by itself for 2 to 3 months after treatment when accompanied by proper maintenance to replenish waxophobic nanostructures

The benefits of the post-treatment waxophobic condition are

Extension of wax-free production time of up to 3 months

Lower load on pump, rod, and drive

Fewer workovers caused by wax, such as pump hang-ups and broken rods

Better well performance because of less wax in the tubing

Case Study: Subsea Pipeline

A dewaxing treatment was performed to clear a 28-mile, 8-in.-diameter subsea oil pipeline in the US Gulf of Mexico. Wax in the pipeline had gradually built up over 7 years and very aggressively in the final year. Various efforts had failed to prevent the buildup.
Development and Implementation of a Novel Sulfur Removal Process from H2S Containing Wastewaters
Authors: Daigger Glen T. , Hodgkinson Andrew , Aquilina Simon , Fries M. Kim
Published: January 2015

A novel process for removing sulfur from wastewater containing dissolved sulfide has been developed and implemented in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) process treating anaerobically pretreated industrial (pulp and paper) wastewater at the Gippsland Water Factory. Controlled oxygen addition to the first bioreactor zone (constituting 27.7% of the total bioreactor volume) to create oxygen‐limiting conditions, followed by oxygen‐sufficient conditions in the remaining zones of the bioreactor, provide the necessary conditions. Dissolved sulfide is oxidized to elemental sulfur in the first zone, and the accumulated sulfur is retained in the bioreactor mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) in the remaining zones. Accumulated sulfur is removed from the process in the waste activated sludge (WAS). Oxidation of dissolved sulfide to elemental sulfur reduces the associated process oxygen requirement by 75% compared to oxidation to sulfate. Microscopic examinations confirm that biological accumulation of elemental sulfur occurs. Process performance was analyzed during a nearly 2‐year commissioning and optimization period. Addition of air in proportion to the process influent dissolved sulfide loading proved the most effective process control approach, followed by the maintenance of dissolved oxygen concentrations of 1.0 and 1.5 mg/L in the two downstream bioreactor zones. Sufficient oxygen is added for the stoichiometric conversion of dissolved sulfide to elemental sulfur. Enhanced biological phosphorus removal also occurred under these conditions, thereby simplifying supplemental phosphorus addition. These operating conditions also appear to lead to low and stable capillary suction time values for the MBR mixed liquor.
New Insights Into Gestational Glucose Metabolism: Lessons Learned From 21st Century Approaches
Authors: Angueira Anthony R. , Ludvik Anton E. , Reddy Timothy E. , Wicksteed Barton , Lowe William L. , Layden Brian T.
Published: January 2015

Pregnancy presents a unique physiological challenge that requires changes coordinated by placentally and non–placentally derived hormones to prepare the mother for the metabolic stress presented by fetal development and to ensure appropriate nutrient allocation between mother and fetus. Of particular importance is the maintenance of normal glucose metabolism during pregnancy. Here, we describe physiological changes in glucose metabolism during pregnancy and highlight new insights into these adaptations that have emerged over the past decade using novel methodologies, specifically genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and metabolomics. While GWAS have identified some novel associations with metabolic traits during pregnancy, the majority of the findings overlap with those observed in nonpregnant populations and individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Metabolomics studies have provided new insight into key metabolites involved in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Both of these approaches have suggested that a strong link exists between GDM and T2D. Most recently, a role of the gut microbiome in pregnancy has been observed, with changes in the microbiome during the third trimester having metabolic consequences for the mother. In this Perspectives in Diabetes article, we highlight how these new data have broadened our understanding of gestational metabolism, and emphasize the importance of future studies to elucidate differences between GDM and T2D.
Deciphering Metabolic Messages From the Gut Drives Therapeutic Innovation: The 2014 Banting Lecture
Authors: Drucker Daniel J.
Published: January 2015

The Banting Medal for Scientific Achievement is the highest scientific award of the American Diabetes Association (ADA). Given in memory of Sir Frederick Banting, one of the key investigators in the discovery of insulin, the Banting Medal is awarded annually for scientific excellence, recognizing significant long-term contributions to the understanding, treatment, or prevention of diabetes. Daniel J. Drucker, MD, of the Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital and the Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, received the prestigious award at the ADA's 74th Scientific Sessions, 13–17 June 2014, in San Francisco, California. He presented the Banting Lecture, “Deciphering Metabolic Messages From the Gut Drives Therapeutic Innovation,” on Sunday, 15 June 2014.

Gut peptides convey nutrient-regulated signals to the enteric nervous system and to distal organs, acting as circulating hormones secreted in the basal and postprandial state. Here I provide an overview of the actions of glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 and GLP-2, the two major enteroendocrine L-cell peptides. The endogenous physiological actions of GLP-1 have been delineated using antagonists and Glp1r−/− mice and include the control of islet hormone secretion in a glucose-dependent manner, leading to improvement of fasting and postprandial glucose homeostasis. GLP-1 receptors (GLP-1Rs) are also widely distributed in multiple extrapancreatic organs, providing a mechanistic explanation for the nonglycemic actions attributed to GLP-1. The multiple metabolic actions of GLP-1 enable reduction of glycemia and body weight in diabetic and obese subjects, providing the opportunity to reduce glycemia in human subjects with diabetes with a low risk of hypoglycemia. GLP-2 plays a key role in the control of energy absorption and in the integrity of the intestinal mucosa, and a GLP-2R agonist, teduglutide, is now used for augmentation of energy absorption in parenteral nutrition–dependent subjects with short bowel syndrome. GLP-1 and GLP-2 are both cleaved by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4); hence, inhibition of DPP-4 activity enables yet another pathway for potentiation of incretin action and the therapy for type 2 diabetes. Here I review our 30-year experience with the elucidation of gut hormone action and, wherever possible, highlight therapeutic implications of our preclinical studies and future opportunities for incretin research.
A Review of the Mental Health Issues of Diabetes Conference
Authors: Ducat Lee , Rubenstein Arthur , Philipson Louis H. , Anderson Barbara J.
Published: January 2015

Individuals with type 1 diabetes are at increased risk for depression, anxiety disorder, and eating disorder diagnoses. People with type 1 diabetes are also at risk for subclinical levels of diabetes distress and anxiety. These mental/behavioral health comorbidities of diabetes are associated with poor adherence to treatment and poor glycemic control, thus increasing the risk for serious short- and long-term physical complications, which can result in blindness, amputations, stroke, cognitive decline, decreased quality of life, as well as premature death. When mental health comorbidities of diabetes are not diagnosed and treated, the financial cost to society and health care systems is catastrophic, and the human suffering that results is profound. This review summarizes state-of-the-art presentations and working group scholarly reports from the Mental Health Issues of Diabetes Conference(7–8 October 2013, Philadelphia, PA), which included stakeholders from the National Institutes of Health, people living with type 1 diabetes and their families, diabetes consumer advocacy groups, the insurance industry, as well as psychologists, psychiatrists, endocrinologists, and nurse practitioners who are all nationally and internationally recognized experts in type 1 diabetes research and care. At this landmark conference current evidence for the incidence and the consequences of mental health problems in type 1 diabetes was presented, supporting the integration of mental health screening and mental health care into routine diabetes medical care. Future research directions were recommended to establish the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of paradigms of diabetes care in which physical and mental health care are both priorities.
Anabolic-androgenic Steroid Use in the Nordic Countries: A Meta-analysis and Meta-regression Analysis
Authors: Sagoe Dominic , Torsheim Torbjørn , Molde Helge , Andreassen Cecilie Schou , Pallesen Ståle
Published: January 2015

AIMS – To investigate the lifetime prevalence and moderators of non-medical AAS use in the five Nordic countries. METHODS – We conducted a meta-analysis and meta-regression using studies gathered from searches in PsycINFO, PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Google Scholar, and reference checks. Included were 32 studies that provided original data on 48 lifetime prevalence rates based on a total of 233,475 inhabitants of the Nordic countries. RESULTS – The overall lifetime prevalence obtained was 2.1% [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.3-3.4, I 2 = 99.5, P < 0.001]. The prevalence for males, 2.9% (95% CI: 1.7-4.8, I 2 = 99.2, P < 0.001), was significantly higher (Q
Application of DOI index to analysis of selected examples of resistivity imaging models in Quaternary sediments
Authors: Glazer Michał , Mendecki Maciej Jan , Mycka Mateusz
Published: January 2015

Interpretation of resistivity cross sections may be in many cases unreliable due to the presence of artifacts left by the inversion process. One way to avoid erroneous conclusions about geological structure is creation of Depth of Investigation (DOI) index maps, which describe durability of prepared model with respect to variable parameters of inversion. To assess the usefulness of this interpretation methodology in resistivity imaging method over quaternary sediments, it has been used to one synthetic data set and three investigation sites. Two of the study areas were placed in the Upper Silesian Industrial District region: Bytom - Karb, Chorzów - Chorzow Stary; and one in the Southern Pomeranian Lake District across Piława River Valley. Basing on the available geological information the results show high utility of DOI index in analysis of received resistivity models, on which areas poorly constrained by data has been designated.
The Importance of Rank for Shorter, Smarter Surveys
Authors: Findlay Kyle , Hofmeyr Jan , Louw Alice
Published: January 2015

The traditional market research paradigm believes that, the more data you measure, the more potential for insight the data will hold. However, this paper takes the counter-intuitive standpoint that ‘less is more’. Drawing on the authors’ familiarity with neuroscience and behavioural economics, as well as five years’ worth of panel behavioural data in three categories and data from 2,769 studies across 1.9 million respondents, the paper argues that, just as it is important to ask the right questions in a survey, it is similarly important to measure ‘just enough’ but not too much information about brands. We show that measuring too much data is unnecessary and can even be detrimental to the richness of your data. Readers should take away practical guidelines for creating shorter, smarter surveys that still maintain the integrity of their data … and perhaps even improve it.
The Quest for Persuasive Advertising
Authors: Cramphorn Spike
Published: January 2015

Much of what is described as advertising pretesting is better viewed as an incomplete and imaginative attempt to measure steps along a surmised hierarchical process that is only indirectly related to the purposes for which the advertising is created. This paper reviews design weaknesses in current advertising pretesting and highlights prevalent misconceptions. Elements that, when present, contribute to enhanced brand feelings are identified. It finds a link between how people feel towards the brand and the way they react to its advertising but strength of brand has no affect on gaining attention.
Readership Measurement in the Digital Age
Authors: Green Andrew
Published: January 2015

Newspaper and magazine publishing businesses are going through tremendous change. Readers are accessing content in multiple formats from multiple devices and are increasingly difficult to measure. Advertisers are faced with bewildering choice as to where to place their investments, and demanding faster and more accurate data. A new study was launched in Australia in August 2013, which tried to address many of these challenges with an innovative approach to measuring reading across platforms and devices. It has drawn from experience in a handful of countries, which have also experimented with new methodologies for measuring readership and brought many of these together into a single approach.
The Word-of-Mouth Phenomenon in the Social Media Era
Authors: Barreto Ana Margarida
Published: January 2015

This review addresses three contemporary questions on the topic of word of mouth (WOM): (1) Are WOM and online WOM the same phenomenon? (2) What kind of target is more likely to engage in brands recommendations? (3) Can ‘organic’ and ‘fertilised’ WOM have the same value/impact? Furthermore, the present work gives academics a framework for analysing the popular phenomenon WOM, and provides marketers with some best practice suggestions. Finally, the reader can find some suggestions for further research on this topic.
Consumer literacy
Authors: Himmelweit Samuel Mohun
Published: January 2015

The goal of consumer policy is often to improve the functioning of markets in which consumer needs are not being met. Yet we know that consumers do not always act in their own best interests and often face detriment because of this. This paper explores the gap between the consumer capabilities of real consumers and those of the ideal consumer on which economic theory is based. By measuring what we call ‘consumer literacy’ – a combination of skills, knowledge and engagement – we find that only one in 250 consumers even approaches the ideal model, and that those most likely to are older, more educated and have a higher income. The research finds that older people score well because they are more likely to be engaged with their consumption. The paper concludes with a discussion of some of the issues sparked and questions raised by these findings.
Eco-Friendly Mono-1,4-Hydrocyanation of Diarenyl Ketones Using Potassium Hexacyanoferrate(II) as a Cyanide Source
Authors: Hu Xiao-Ning , Liu Chen-Hui , Li Zheng
Published: January 2015

A selective mono-1,4-hydrocyanation of 10 diarenyl ketones using potassium hexacyanoferrate(II) as an eco-friendly cyanide source, potassium hydroxide as a catalyst, and benzoyl chloride as a promoter has been achieved. This protocol has the advantages of a non-toxic cyanide source, a heavy metal-free catalyst, selectivity, very good yields and a simple work-up procedure.
HGF/c-MET Axis in Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Formation
Authors: Spina Anna , De Pasquale Valeria , Cerulo Giuliana , Cocchiaro Pasquale , Della Morte Rossella , Avallone Luigi , Pavone Luigi
Published: January 2015

Tumor metastases are responsible for approximately 90% of all cancer-related deaths. Metastasis formation is a multistep process that requires acquisition by tumor cells of a malignant phenotype that allows them to escape from the primary tumor site and invade other organs. Each step of this mechanism involves a deep crosstalk between tumor cells and their microenvironment where the host cells play a key role in influencing metastatic behavior through the release of many secreted factors. Among these signaling molecules, Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) is released by many cell types of the tumor microenvironment to target its receptor c-MET within the cells of the primary tumor. Many studies reveal that HGF/c-MET axis is implicated in various human cancers, and genetic and epigenetic gain of functions of this signaling contributes to cancer development through a variety of mechanisms. In this review, we describe the specific types of cells in the tumor microenvironment that release HGF in order to promote the metastatic outgrowth through the activation of extracellular matrix remodeling, inflammation, migration, angiogenesis, and invasion. We dissect the potential use of new molecules that interfere with the HGF/c-MET axis as therapeutic targets for future clinical trials in cancer disease.
Motion Detection from Mobile Robots with Fuzzy Threshold Selection in Consecutive 2D Laser Scans
Authors: Martínez María , Martínez Jorge , Morales Jesús
Published: January 2015

Motion detection and tracking is a relevant problem for mobile robots during navigation to avoid collisions in dynamic environments or in applications where service robots interact with humans. This paper presents a simple method to distinguish mobile obstacles from the environment that is based on applying fuzzy threshold selection to consecutive two-dimensional (2D) laser scans previously matched with robot odometry. The proposed method has been tested with the Auriga-α mobile robot in indoors to estimate the motion of nearby pedestrians.
FBXW7 Acts as an Independent Prognostic Marker and Inhibits Tumor Growth in Human Osteosarcoma
Authors: Li Zhanchun , Xiao Jie , Hu Kongzu , Wang Gang , Li Maoqiang , Zhang Jidong , Cheng Guangqi
Published: January 2015

F-box and WD repeat domain-containing 7 (FBXW7) is a potent tumor suppressor in human cancers including breast cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. In this study, we found that the expressions of FBXW7 protein and mRNA levels in osteosarcoma (OS) cases were significantly lower than those in normal bone tissues. Clinical analysis indicated that FBXW7 was expressed at lower levels in OS patients with advanced clinical stage, high T classification and poor histological differentiation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that high expression of FBXW7 was correlated with a better 5-year survival of OS patients. Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that FBXW7 was an independent prognostic marker in OS. Our in vitro studies showed that FBXW7 overexpression inhibited cell cycle transition and cell proliferation, and promoted apoptosis in both U2OS and MG-63 cells. In a nude mouse xenograft model, FBXW7 overexpression slowed down tumor growth by inducing apoptosis and growth arrest. Mechanistically, FBXW7 inversely regulated oncoprotein c-Myc and cyclin E levels in both U2OS and MG-63 cells. Together these findings suggest that FBXW7 may serve as a prognostic biomarker and inhibit tumor progression by inducing apoptosis and growth arrest in OS.
Gentamicin Arrests Cancer Cell Growth: The Intriguing Involvement of Nuclear Sphingomyelin Metabolism
Authors: Codini Michela , Cataldi Samuela , Ambesi-Impiombato Francesco , Lazzarini Andrea , Floridi Alessandro , Lazzarini Remo , Curcio Francesco , Beccari Tommaso , Albi Elisabetta
Published: January 2015

The use of gentamicin for the treatment of bacterial infection has always been an interesting and highly speculated issue for the scientific community. Conversely, its effect on cancer cells has been very little investigated. We studied the effect of high doses of gentamicin on non-Hodgkin’s T-cell human lymphoblastic lymphoma (SUP-T1). We showed that gentamicin delayed cell growth and induced cell death in lymphoma cells with a rather mild effect on lymphocytes. In SUP-T1 cells, GAPDH, B2M, CDKN1A and CDKN1B were down-expressed in comparison with lymphocytes. Gentamicin treatment in SUP-T1 cells restored the expression of GAPDH, B2M and CDKN1A to values similar to those of lymphocytes and caused overexpression of CDKN1B. The drug acted via sphingomyelin metabolism; in whole cells, sphingomyelinase activity was stimulated, whereas in purified nuclei, sphingomyelinase activity was inhibited and that of sphingomyelin-synthase was stimulated, with a consequent high level of nuclear sphingomyelin content. We suggest that the increase of nuclear sphingomyelin might enrich the nucleus of lipid microdomains that act as a platform for active chromatin and, thus, might be responsible for gene expression. It is possible that in lymphoblastic lymphoma, high doses of gentamicin induce a beneficial therapeutic outcome.
Antiproliferative and Antioxidant Properties of Anthocyanin Rich Extracts from Blueberry and Blackcurrant Juice
Authors: Diaconeasa Zoriţa , Leopold Loredana , Rugină Dumitriţa , Ayvaz Huseyin , Socaciu Carmen
Published: January 2015

The present study was aimed at evaluating the antiproliferative potential of anthocyanin-rich fractions (ARFs) obtained from two commercially available juices (blueberry and blackcurrant juices) on three tumor cell lines; B16F10 (murine melanoma), A2780 (ovarian cancer) and HeLa (cervical cancer). Individual anthocyanin determination, identification and quantification were done using HPLC-MS. Antioxidant activity of the juices was determined through different mechanism methods such as DPPH and ORAC. For biological testing, the juices were purified through C18 cartridges in order to obtain fractions rich in anthocyanins. The major anthocyanins identified were glycosylated cyanidin derivatives. The antiproliferative activity of the fractions was tested using the MTT assay. The antiproliferative potential of ARF was found to be associated with those bioactive molecules, anthocyanins due to their antioxidant potential. The results obtained indicated that both blueberry and blackcurrants are rich sources of antioxidants including anthocyanins and therefore these fruits are highly recommended for daily consumption to prevent numerous degenerative diseases.
Oxidative Stress, Bone Marrow Failure, and Genome Instability in Hematopoietic Stem Cells
Authors: Richardson Christine , Yan Shan , Vestal C.
Published: January 2015

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be generated by defective endogenous reduction of oxygen by cellular enzymes or in the mitochondrial respiratory pathway, as well as by exogenous exposure to UV or environmental damaging agents. Regulation of intracellular ROS levels is critical since increases above normal concentrations lead to oxidative stress and DNA damage. A growing body of evidence indicates that the inability to regulate high levels of ROS leading to alteration of cellular homeostasis or defective repair of ROS-induced damage lies at the root of diseases characterized by both neurodegeneration and bone marrow failure as well as cancer. That these diseases may be reflective of the dynamic ability of cells to respond to ROS through developmental stages and aging lies in the similarities between phenotypes at the cellular level. This review summarizes work linking the ability to regulate intracellular ROS to the hematopoietic stem cell phenotype, aging, and disease.
A Chronoamperometric Screen Printed Carbon Biosensor Based on Alkaline Phosphatase Inhibition for W(VI) Determination in Water, Using 2-Phospho-l-Ascorbic Acid Trisodium Salt as a Substrate
Authors: Alvarado-Gámez Ana , Alonso-Lomillo María , Domínguez-Renedo Olga , Arcos-Martínez María
Published: January 2015

This paper presents a chronoamperometric method to determine tungsten in water using screen-printed carbon electrodes modified with gold nanoparticles and cross linked alkaline phosphatase immobilized in the working electrode. Enzymatic activity over 2-phospho-l-ascorbic acid trisodium salt, used as substrate, was affected by tungsten ions, which resulted in a decrease of chronoamperometric current, when a potential of 200 mV was applied on 10 mM of substrate in a Tris HCl buffer pH 8.00 and 0.36 M of KCl. Calibration curves for the electrochemical method validation, give a reproducibility of 5.2% (n = 3), a repeatability of 9.4% (n = 3) and a detection limit of 0.29 ± 0.01 µM. Enriched tap water, purified laboratory water and bottled drinking water, with a certified tungsten reference solution traceable to NIST, gave a recovery of 97.1%, 99.1% and 99.1% respectively (n = 4 in each case) and a dynamic range from 0.6 to 30 µM. This study was performed by means of a Lineweaver–Burk plot, showing a mixed kinetic inhibition.
Eye/Head Tracking Technology to Improve HCI with iPad Applications
Authors: Lopez-Basterretxea Asier , Mendez-Zorrilla Amaia , Garcia-Zapirain Begoña
Published: January 2015

In order to improve human computer interaction (HCI) for people with special needs, this paper presents an alternative form of interaction, which uses the iPad’s front camera and eye/head tracking technology. With this functional nature/capability operating in the background, the user can control already developed or new applications for the iPad by moving their eyes and/or head. There are many techniques, which are currently used to detect facial features, such as eyes or even the face itself. Open source bookstores exist for such purpose, such as OpenCV, which enable very reliable and accurate detection algorithms to be applied, such as Haar Cascade using very high-level programming. All processing is undertaken in real time, and it is therefore important to pay close attention to the use of limited resources (processing capacity) of devices, such as the iPad. The system was validated in tests involving 22 users of different ages and characteristics (people with dark and light-colored eyes and with/without glasses). These tests are performed to assess user/device interaction and to ascertain whether it works properly. The system obtained an accuracy of between 60% and 100% in the three test exercises taken into consideration. The results showed that the Haar Cascade had a significant effect by detecting faces in 100% of cases, unlike eyes and the pupil where interference (light and shade) evidenced less effectiveness. In addition to ascertaining the effectiveness of the system via these exercises, the demo application has also helped to show that user constraints need not affect the enjoyment and use of a particular type of technology. In short, the results obtained are encouraging and these systems may continue to be developed if extended and updated in the future.
Validation of a CFD Model by Using 3D Sonic Anemometers to Analyse the Air Velocity Generated by an Air-Assisted Sprayer Equipped with Two Axial Fans
Authors: García-Ramos F. , Malón Hugo , Aguirre A. , Boné Antonio , Puyuelo Javier , Vidal Mariano
Published: January 2015

A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of the air flow generated by an air-assisted sprayer equipped with two axial fans was developed and validated by practical experiments in the laboratory. The CFD model was developed by considering the total air flow supplied by the sprayer fan to be the main parameter, rather than the outlet air velocity. The model was developed for three air flows corresponding to three fan blade settings and assuming that the sprayer is stationary. Actual measurements of the air velocity near the sprayer were taken using 3D sonic anemometers. The workspace sprayer was divided into three sections, and the air velocity was measured in each section on both sides of the machine at a horizontal distance of 1.5, 2.5, and 3.5 m from the machine, and at heights of 1, 2, 3, and 4 m above the ground The coefficient of determination (R2) between the simulated and measured values was 0.859, which demonstrates a good correlation between the simulated and measured data. Considering the overall data, the air velocity values produced by the CFD model were not significantly different from the measured values.
A 3D Microfluidic Chip for Electrochemical Detection of Hydrolysed Nucleic Bases by a Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: Vlachova Jana , Tmejova Katerina , Kopel Pavel , Korabik Maria , Zitka Jan , Hynek David , Kynicky Jindrich , Adam Vojtech , Kizek Rene
Published: January 2015

Modification of carbon materials, especially graphene-based materials, has wide applications in electrochemical detection such as electrochemical lab-on-chip devices. A glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with chemically alternated graphene oxide was used as a working electrode (glassy carbon modified by graphene oxide with sulphur containing compounds and Nafion) for detection of nucleobases in hydrolysed samples (HCl pH = 2.9, 100 °C, 1 h, neutralization by NaOH). It was found out that modification, especially with trithiocyanuric acid, increased the sensitivity of detection in comparison with pure GCE. All processes were finally implemented in a microfluidic chip formed with a 3D printer by fused deposition modelling technology. As a material for chip fabrication, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene was chosen because of its mechanical and chemical stability. The chip contained the one chamber for the hydrolysis of the nucleic acid and another for the electrochemical detection by the modified GCE. This chamber was fabricated to allow for replacement of the GCE.
Analysis of Frequency Response and Scale-Factor of Tuning Fork Micro-Gyroscope Operating at Atmospheric Pressure
Authors: Ding Xukai , Li Hongsheng , Ni Yunfang , Sang Pengcheng
Published: January 2015

This paper presents a study of the frequency response and the scale-factor of a tuning fork micro-gyroscope operating at atmospheric pressure in the presence of an interference sense mode by utilizing the approximate transfer function. The optimal demodulation phase (ODP), which is always ignored in vacuum packaged micro-gyroscopes but quite important in gyroscopes operating at atmospheric pressure, is obtained through the transfer function of the sense mode, including the primary mode and the interference mode. The approximate transfer function of the micro-gyroscope is deduced in consideration of the interference mode and the ODP. Then, the equation describing the scale-factor of the gyroscope is also obtained. The impacts of the interference mode and Q-factor on the frequency response and the scale-factor of the gyroscope are analyzed through numerical simulations. The relationship between the scale-factor and the demodulation phase is also illustrated and gives an effective way to find out the ODP in practice. The simulation results predicted by the transfer functions are in close agreement with the results of the experiments. The analyses and simulations can provide constructive guidance on bandwidth and sensitivity designs of the micro-gyroscopes operating at atmospheric pressure.
Eating Serial: Beatrice Lindsay, Vegetarianism, and the Tactics of Everyday Life in the Late Nineteenth Century
Authors: Young Liam
Published: January 2015

This paper derives from research I conducted in the archives of the Vegetarian Society, in Manchester, in October 2011 on the figure of Beatrice Lindsay, a graduate from Girton College, Cambridge, who, in 1885, became the first female editor of the Society’s journal, the Dietetic Reformer and Vegetarian Messenger. In addition to her position as editor, Lindsay contributed a monthly column on “New Foods” in which she displayed her fluency with scientific terminology not simply to advocate the vegetarian diet, but to make the diet practicable for readers. I argue that her column uses the serial form of the periodical, which presents novel content within a regular structure, to shape inchoate vegetarianism: she gradually constituted the emerging diets, habits, and bodies of vegetarians by, each month, introducing readers to novel content (“new foods”) within a recurrent form.