bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cross‐modal integration of bulk RNA‐seq and single‐cell RNA sequencing data to reveal T‐cell exhaustion in colorectal cancer
Authors: Xu Mingcong , Zhang Guorui , Cui Ting , Liu Jiaqi , Wang Qiuyu , Shang Desi , Yu Tingting , Guo Bingzhou , Huang Jinjie , Li Chunquan
Published: September 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a relatively common malignancy clinically and the second leading cause of cancer‐related deaths. Recent studies have identified T‐cell exhaustion as playing a crucial role in the pathogenesis of CRC. A long‐standing challenge in the clinical management of CRC is to understand how T cells function during its progression and metastasis, and whether potential therapeutic targets for CRC treatment can be predicted through T cells. Here, we propose DeepTEX, a multi‐omics deep learning approach that integrates cross‐model data to investigate the heterogeneity of T‐cell exhaustion in CRC. DeepTEX uses a domain adaptation model to align the data distributions from two different modalities and applies a cross‐modal knowledge distillation model to predict the heterogeneity of T‐cell exhaustion across diverse patients, identifying key functional pathways and genes. DeepTEX offers valuable insights into the application of deep learning in multi‐omics, providing crucial data for exploring the stages of T‐cell exhaustion associated with CRC and relevant therapeutic targets.
Estimation of the Achilles tendon twist in vivo by individual triceps surae muscle stimulation
Authors: Lecompte Laura , Crouzier Marion , Baudry Stéphane , Vanwanseele Benedicte
Published: September 2024

The Achilles tendon (AT) is composed of three distinct subtendons, each arising from one of the three heads of the triceps surae muscles: gastrocnemius medialis (GM), gastrocnemius lateralis (GL), and soleus (SOL). These subtendons exhibit a twisted structure, classified as low (Type I), medium (Type II), and high (Type III) twist, based on cadaveric studies. Nevertheless, the in vivo investigation of AT twist is notably scarce, resulting in a limited understanding of its functional significance. The aim of this study was to give insights into the complex 3D AT structure in vivo. A total of 30 healthy participants underwent individual stimulation of each of the triceps surae muscles at rest with the foot attached to the pedal of an isokinetic dynamometer. Ultrasound images were captured to concomitantly examine the displacement of the superficial, middle and deep AT layers. SOL stimulation resulted in the highest AT displacement followed by GM and GL stimulation. Independent of the muscle stimulated, non‐uniformity within the AT was observed with the deep layer exhibiting more displacement compared to the middle and superficial layers, hence important inter‐individual differences in AT displacement were noticeable. By comparing these individual displacement patterns during targeted stimulations with insights from cadaveric twist classifications on each subtendon area, our classification identified 19 subjects with a ‘low’ twist and 11 subjects with a ‘high’ twist. These findings enable us to move beyond cadaveric studies and relate the twisted microstructure of the AT in vivo to its dynamic behaviour.
Functional anatomy of the wing muscles of the Egyptian fruit bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus) using dissection and diceCT
Authors: Kissane Roger W. P. , Griffiths Amy , Sharp Alana C.
Published: September 2024

Bats are unique among mammals for evolving powered flight. However, very little data are available on the muscle properties and architecture of bat flight muscles. Diffusible iodine contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (diceCT) is an established tool for 3D visualisation of anatomy and is becoming a more readily accessible and widely used technique. Here, we combine this technique with gross dissection of the Egyptian fruit bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus) to compare muscle masses, fibre lengths and physiological cross‐sectional areas (PCSA) of muscles with published forelimb data from an array of non‐flying mammals and flying birds. The Egyptian fruit bat has a highly specialised pectoralis (pars posterior) architecturally optimised to generate power. The elbow flexion/extension muscles (biceps brachii and triceps brachii) have comparable PCSAs to the pectoralis, but shorter fibre lengths, which are optimised to generate large forces. Our data also show that the Egyptian fruit bat is more similar to flying birds than non‐flying mammals with its highly disparate muscle architecture. Specifically, the Egyptian fruit bat have uniquely enlarged pectoralis muscles and elbow flexion and extension muscles (bicep brachii and triceps brachii) to aid powered flight. Finally, while the Egyptian fruit bat has a comparable heterogeneity in pectoralis (pars posterior) fibre length across the cranial‐caudal axis to that seen in birds, the average normalised fibre length is larger than that seen in any of the surveyed birds. Our data here provide a greater understanding of the anatomy and functional specialisation of the forelimb musculature that powers flight.
Age‐Friendly Healthcare: An Evolutionary Concept Analysis
Authors: Zisberg Anna , Rayan‐Gharra Nosaiba , Danial‐Saad Alexandra , Rogozinski Amos , Fraiman Paule‐Sarah , Segel‐Karpas Dikla
Published: September 2024

Aims

Aging populations require adapting healthcare systems for older adult's specific needs. Numerous initiatives to improve older‐patient care have emerged, but the field lacks a unified framework. The current study aims to provide a systematic concept analysis of ‘age‐friendly healthcare’, examining its characteristics, components and structure.

Design

Rodger's evolutionary concept analysis.

Data Sources

Searches were conducted in ProQuest, CINAHL, PubMed and Scopus databases between November 2022 and October 2023, utilising the PRISMA 2020 reporting checklist.

Methods

A literature search using specific terms relevant to age‐friendly healthcare retrieved 1407 articles. After screening for duplicates and relevance, 140 articles were examined for eligibility based on inclusion criteria for age‐friendly care, language and full‐text availability. Following full‐text screening, 65 articles were included for data extraction by multiple researchers to synthesise theoretical, methodological and design elements.

Results

Our findings highlight key attributes of age‐friendly healthcare: Respect for older adults' autonomy and needs; leadership and organisational knowledge and support; Proactive policies and processes of care; holistic care environments; and communication and follow‐up with awareness of challenges and barriers as well as prioritisation of continuity‐of‐care.

Conclusion

The concept of age‐friendly healthcare is still developing, with much research focused on development and implementation rather than evaluation of real‐world patient and health‐system outcomes. Our analysis of the concept may help unify the field and clarify future research directions through identification of areas requiring further study and enable development of improved practices and policies for implementing age‐friendly healthcare in a variety of settings.

No Patient or Public Contribution

This concept analysis did not include any patient or public involvement.

Reporting Method

This study utilised the PRISMA reporting checklist.
Navigating Uncharted Waters: A Mixed Studies Systematic Review of Elective Female Fertility Preservation for Women
Authors: Cheong Daphne Yu Bing , Pereira Travis Lanz‐Brian , Huang Zhongwei , Shorey Shefaly
Published: September 2024

Aim

This study aimed to review studies exploring the experiences and perceptions of healthcare students and providers regarding their personal choices for elective female fertility preservation and their recommendations of the same to patients.

Design/Methods

Employing Pluye and Hong's convergent qualitative synthesis approach, a mixed‐studies review was conducted. The appraisal of studies was performed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool and data analysis utilised Thomas and Harden's thematic synthesis approach.

Data Sources

Six electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus and Web of Science) were searched from their inception till November 2023.

Results

About 24 studies were reviewed, uncovering four major themes: varied personal perspectives, knowledge gaps and role ambiguities, perceived temporal and financial constraints and apprehensions related to fear and stigma.

Conclusion/Implication

This review underscored the challenges faced by healthcare professionals and students in their personal pursuit of elective fertility preservation. Addressing these challenges demands the implementation of fertility navigators, culturally and religiously sensitive public health campaigns and staff training. Moreover, standardised guidelines, transparent cost and process reporting, evidence‐based education, counselling on risks and success rates and governmental support in the form of subsidies can mitigate barriers, enhance cost‐effectiveness and promote equitable access to care. Collaboration among stakeholders is imperative to ensure equitable access and maintain quality care in elective female fertility preservation.

Reporting Method

This mixed studies review followed the reporting guidelines in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) statement.

Patient or Public Contribution

No Patient or Public Contribution.

Trial Registration: This review has been registered on the Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) database (CRD42023395406)
Elastic Bands Improve Oral Appliance Treatment Effect on Obstructive Sleep Apnoea: A Randomised Crossover Trial
Authors: Opsahl Ulrik Leidland , Berge Morten , Lehmann Sverre , Bjorvatn Bjørn , Johansson Anders
Published: September 2024

Background

Oral appliances (OAs) that limit mouth opening during sleep, such as monobloc appliances, have shown superior treatment effects in subgroups of patients with obstructive sleep apnoea. The application of elastic bands on bibloc appliances may resemble these benefits.

Objectives

The primary objective was to investigate if application of elastic bands to bibloc appliances improves treatment success (> 50% reduction of respiratory event index (REI)), in addition to other subjective variables. Furthermore, we aimed to identify variables predicting the need for elastic bands in OA treatment.

Methods

Included patients (n = 69) were randomly assigned to OA treatment with or without elastic bands. After 3 weeks, treatment effect was investigated with home respiratory polygraphy and questionnaires. Thereafter, patients changed treatment modality, with identical follow‐up regime. Statistical analyses were performed using Student's t‐test and Pearson's chi‐squared test to investigate differences between the two treatment modalities, and logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate variables tentatively associated with treatment success.

Results

Based on REI, the success rate with OA treatment was in favour of elastic bands (53.9% vs. 34.6%, p = 0.002). Male sex and larger maximum mouth opening were identified as predictors for increased treatment success with elastic bands. The main benefit with elastic bands seemed to be greater reduction of REI when supine. However, patients seem to prefer OA without elastic bands.

Conclusions

Elastic bands improved OA treatment effect by reducing the REI in supine position. Patient groups that seemed to benefit from elastic bands in OA treatment were men with large maximum mouth openings.
Chromosome‐level genome assembly of a rare karst‐growing Rhododendron species provides insights into its evolution and environmental adaptation
Authors: Wen Sulin , Cai Xiaowei , Yang Kun , Hong Yi , Fan Fuhua , Wang Qian , Zhang Bingxue , Hou Qiandong , Leng Yuxing , Qiao Guang , Wen Xiaopeng , Shen Xiaohui
Published: September 2024

Rhododendron is a significant plant genus, with over 600 identified species in China. The subgenus Hymenanthes holds the largest number of Rhododendron germplasms and showcases strong environmental adaptability. However, there remains a lack of understanding regarding Rhododendron's evolution and environmental adaptations. Rhododendron bailiense Y.P.Ma, C.Q.Zhang & D.F.Chamb., an exceedingly rare species, thrives in the alkaline karst landforms of Guizhou, southwest China, different from the typical growing environment of other Rhododendron species. In this study, we present a chromosome‐level genome assembly of R. bailiense, revealing a genome size of 923.3 Mb, a contig N50 of 24.5 Mb, and a total of 47 567 predicted genes. An evolutionary analysis indicated that R. bailiense diverged from its ancestors prior to the other subgenus Hymenanthes rhododendrons, with the expanded and contracted genes being notably enriched in “stress response” and “growth,” respectively. Rhododendron bailiense is predominantly found on limestone soil in the mountains of Guizhou, with only two wild populations known. The genome of R. bailiense contained a high copy number of ankyrin repeat (ANK) and Ca2+‐ATPase (CAP) genes, primarily involved in Ca2+ transport, shedding light on how R. bailiense copes with karst high‐calcium stress. In contrast, the structures of the ANKs displayed unique characteristics, while the CAPs showed conservatism. The R. bailiense genome provides new insights into the adaptation and evolutionary history of Rhododendron plants in karst environments, potentially offering valuable information for adaptive breeding and ecological enhancement in such challenging settings.
Follow‐up post‐HCV virological response to DAA in advanced chronic liver disease
Authors: Romano A. , Zeni N. , Caspanello A. R. , Phillips S. , Piano S. S. , Angeli P.
Published: September 2024

Direct‐acting antivirals (DAA) achieve high virological response rates with minimal side effects for many patients. Despite their significant impact on the progression and epidemiology of hepatitis C virus (HCV) associated liver disease, the global annual incidence of chronic infections is expected to remain relatively constant, averaging 1.42 million new cases each year until 2030. Furthermore, by 2030, there will be a 14–17% increase in end‐stage liver disease outcomes such as liver‐related deaths, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and decompensated cirrhosis in adults aged 18 years and over. Although reductions in liver decompensation, HCC occurrence, and mortality have been shown in patients with advanced liver disease who achieved sustained virological response (SVR) with DAA, these benefits may be less significant in those with decompensated liver cirrhosis. This review aims to summarise the impact of the virological response to DAA on liver disease progression and outcomes in patients with advanced chronic liver disease, which appears to be crucial for defining patient‐specific follow‐up.
Endolithic Algae (Ostreobium) Diversity in Porites Corals at the Western Atlantic and Tropical Eastern Pacific
Authors: Giraldo‐Vaca Juan Sebastián , Sánchez Juan Armando
Published: September 2024

Ostreobium comprises endolithic algae commonly seen in conjunction with scleractinian corals. In the past, it was solely recognized as a coral skeleton bioeroder. Their relationship with corals is critical because they give photosynthetic byproducts and help the coral when it loses its primary symbionts due to stress. The variety of these algae in coral species of the genus Porites in the Tropical Eastern Pacific and western Atlantic was investigated. Ostreobium samples from seven Porites species including two from the Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) (P. panamensis and P. lobata) and five from the Caribbean (P. furcata, P. porites, P. colonensis, P. branneri, and P. astreoides) were extracted. Published rbcL sequences from algae found within various coral species from other parts of the world were also compared. A biogeographic analysis and two methodologies, PTP (Poisson tree process) and GMYC (general mixed Yule‐coalescent), were used to delineate the different species. The findings revealed a significant degree of genetic diversity within Ostreobium, with more than 15 groups of not more than three individuals and 40 individual lineages. Its origins date back to the Ordovician, 500 Ma, and it does not appear to preserve host specificity. The sampled locations still have a wide variety of Ostreobium. Biogeographically patterns were also confirmed, making it impossible to pinpoint the precise origins of most clades. The ancestry analyses revealed convergent events for not only the emergence of Ostreobium in a few genera of local corals, but also the phenomenon occurred in genera from far‐off places.
Association between low‐calorie sweetener consumption during pregnancy and child health: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Gebremichael Bereket , Lassi Zohra S. , Begum Mumtaz , Zhou Shao Jia
Published: September 2024

We examined the association between low‐calorie sweeteners (LCS) consumption during preconception, pregnancy, and breastfeeding and child health outcomes. A systematic search of electronic databases in PubMed, Embase, Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, ProQuest Health and Medical, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Google Scholar was conducted up to 21 September 2023. A random effects model with restricted maximum likelihood estimation was used for the meta‐analysis. Seventeen eligible studies were included. The standardised mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) in birth weight between those who frequently consumed LCS (≥1 serve/day) during pregnancy and those who did not consume LCS was 0.04 (0.00, 0.08) (four cohort studies). Any LCS consumption during pregnancy compared with no consumption was not associated with birth weight [SMD (95% CI) = 0.03 (−0.03, 0.08)] (four cohort studies). Any LCS consumption during pregnancy was not associated with body mass index z‐scores. The weighted mean difference (95% CI) was 0.00 (−0.05, 0.06) at birth, 0.06 (−0.29, 0.40) at 6 months, −0.04 (−0.19, 0.10) at 1 year, 0.00 (−0.16, 0.17) at 3 years, and 0.10 (−0.15, 0.34) at 7 years of the child age, compared with no intake (five cohort studies). The odds of being overweight at 1 year among children exposed to LCS during pregnancy was 1.19 (OR [95% CI]: 1.19 [0.81, 1.58]) compared with unexposed children (two cohort studies). The effect sizes were not precise for all the outcomes as the 95% CI indicated the effect estimates could range from small protective to a higher risk. The effect of LCS consumption on child behaviour and cognition was inconsistent. There is not enough evidence to confirm LCS consumption during pregnancy affects birth weight and risk of overweight in children. However, frequent consumption increased birth weight and the risk of overweight at different ages, though the effects were imprecise. More robust research evidence is required as the quality of evidence is low.
FAAH inhibitor URB597 shows anti‐hyperalgesic action and increases brain and intestinal tissues fatty acid amides in a model of CRF1 agonist mediated visceral hypersensitivity in male rats
Authors: Larauche Muriel , Mulak Agata , Ha Chrysanthy , Million Mulugeta , Arnett Stacy , Germano Peter , Pearson James P. , Currie Mark G. , Taché Yvette
Published: September 2024

Background and Aims

The endocannabinoid (eCB) system includes ligands (anandamide and 2‐arachidonoyl glycerol, 2‐AG), receptors and catabolizing enzymes (fatty acid amide hydrolase, FAAH and monoacylglycerol lipase) expressed in both the brain and gut. We investigated whether the FAAH inhibitor, URB597, influenced visceral pain to colorectal distension (CRD) in an acute stress‐related model of visceral hypersensitivity induced by the selective corticotropin‐releasing factor receptor subtype 1 (CRF1) agonist, cortagine.

Methods

Male Sprague–Dawley rats were injected subcutaneously (SC) with URB597 (3 mg/kg) or vehicle and 2 h later, intraperitoneally with cortagine (10 μg/kg) or vehicle. The visceromotor responses (VMR) were assessed to a first CRD (baseline) before injections, and to a second CRD 15 min after the last treatment. Brain, jejunum, and proximal colon were collected from treated and naïve rats for levels quantification of three fatty acid amides (FAAs) [anandamide (arachidonyl‐ethanolamide, AEA), oleoyl‐ethanolamide (OEA) and palmitoyl‐ethanolamide (PEA)], and 2‐AG. In separate animals, defecation/diarrhea were monitored after URB597 and cortagine.

Key Results

URB597 inhibited cortagine‐induced increased VMR at 40 mmHg (89.0 ± 14.8% vs. 132.5 ± 15.6% for vehicle SC, p < 0.05) and 60 mmHg (107.5 ± 16.1% vs. 176.9 ± 24.4% for vehicle SC, p < 0.001) while not influencing basal VMR. In URB597 plus cortagine group, FAAs levels increased in the brain and intestinal tissue while 2‐AG did not change. URB597 did not modify cortagine‐induced defecation/diarrhea versus vehicle.

Conclusions and Inferences

URB597 shows efficacy to elevate brain and intestinal FAAs and to counteract the colonic hypersensitivity induced by peripheral activation of CRF1 signaling supporting a potential strategy of FAAH inhibitors to alleviate stress‐related visceral hypersensitivity.
The history and use of the timed barium esophagram in achalasia, esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction, and esophageal strictures
Authors: Blonski Wojciech , Jacobs John , Feldman John , Richter Joel E.
Published: September 2024

Background

Dysphagia is one of the most common complaints that gastroenterologists encounter in the outpatient setting. To evaluate this common complaint, patients are often sent for a barium esophagram, a test that is widely available, inexpensive, and easy to perform. This simple test provides a reliable method to evaluate esophageal anatomy and structural abnormalities.

Purpose

This narrative reviews the history of the development and validation of the timed‐barium esophagram (TBE), along with its strengths and limitations, and discusses its use in the pre‐ and posttreatment assessment of patients with achalasia, esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction (EGJOO), and esophageal strictures. Providing excellent anatomic detail of the esophagus and an accurate assessment of esophageal emptying, over time, the TBE has become part of the standard workup in our Swallowing Center for patients with dysphagia.
Effect of hiatal hernia and esophagogastric junction morphology on esophageal motility: Evidence from high‐resolution manometry studies
Authors: Kayali Stefano , Calabrese Francesco , Pasta Andrea , Marabotto Elisa , Bodini Giorgia , Furnari Manuele , Savarino Edoardo V. , Savarino Vincenzo , Giannini Edoardo G. , Zentilin Patrizia
Published: September 2024

Background

High‐resolution Manometry (HRM) is the most sensitive and specific test available for clinical assessment of hiatal hernia (HH), a common condition defined as the separation between the Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES) and crural diaphragm (CD). While the link between HH and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is established, the potential association of HH with esophageal dysmotility, independently from GERD, is uncertain. This study aimed to analyze if HH, with or without GERD, can associate with esophageal motility disorders.

Methods

Consecutive patients without previous esophageal surgery who underwent HRM between 2018 and 2022 were enrolled. All patients with symptoms suggestive of GERD underwent impedance‐pH testing off‐therapy. HH was defined as a separation >1 cm between LES and CD, and esophagogastric junction (EGJ) morphology was classified as: Type I, when there was no separation between LES and CD; Type II, in case of minimal separation (>1 and <3 cm); Type III, when ≥3 cm of separation was present. Demographic and clinical characteristics were collected at baseline, including Age, Gender, Alcohol‐, Coffee‐ and Smoke‐habits, GERD diagnosis and symptoms' duration. Two cohorts of patients, with and without HH, were retrospectively individuated, and their association with Ineffective Peristalsis, Hypercontractile Esophagus and Outflow Obstruction was analyzed with univariate and multivariate Logistic regressions using the statistical software R.

Key Results

848 consecutive patients were enrolled, and 295 cases of HH (34.8%), subdivided into 199 (23.5%) Type II‐ and 96 (11.3%) Type III‐EGJ patients, were identified. Ineffective peristalsis was diagnosed in 162 (19.1%) subjects, Hypercontractile esophagus in 32 (3.8%), and Outflow Obstruction in 91 (10.7%), while GERD was present in 375 (44.2%) patients. HH was significantly associated with Ineffective Peristalsis (p < 0.001) and GERD (p < 0.001). Furthermore, HH resulted to be a risk factor for Ineffective peristalsis (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.4–2.8, p < 0.001) both when the analysis was conducted in all the 848 subjects, independently from GERD, and when it was carried out in patients without GERD (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.02–5.3, p = 0.04). The risk for Ineffective Peristalsis increased 1.3 times for every centimeter of HH. No statistically significant association was found between HH and Outflow obstruction or Hypercontractile Esophagus.

Conclusions & Inferences

An increasing separation between the LES and CD may lead to a gradual and significant elevation in the risk of Ineffective Peristalsis. Interestingly, this association with HH is true in patients with and in those without GERD, suggesting that the anatomical alteration seems to play a major role in motility change.
An empirical predator‒prey model: Examining the interaction of Florida panthers, white‐tailed deer, and cattle in Florida
Authors: Susaeta Andres , Jensen Frank , Meilby Henrik
Published: September 2024

In this article, we present a predator‒prey model for Florida panthers (FL panthers), white‐tailed deer (deer) and cattle in Florida. The model is used to construct the following four policy scenarios: (a) joint management of all three species (Scenario 1); (b) a target population size of FL panthers of 240 individuals (Scenario 2); (c) a target population size of FL panthers equal to the carrying capacity (Scenario 3); and (d) a target population size of FL panthers of zero (Scenario 4) (Scenario 4). We parameterized the model for FL panthers, deer and cattle in Florida, which enables us to obtain empirical results for the population, harvest and net benefit of all three species under each policy scenario. When comparing Scenarios 1 and 2, the total net benefit of all three species is only slightly higher in the former case. Under Scenarios 3 and 4, the net benefit of deer changes significantly compared to Scenario 1, while the effect on the net benefit of cattle is minor. When comparing Scenario 1 and an actual situation, we find that the optimal population of FL panthers is only slightly higher than the actual population.
Energy price reforms, exchange rate devaluation and macroeconomic instability: Evidence from Bayesian VAR identified with sign‐and‐zero restrictions
Authors: Iliyasu Jamilu , Abubakar Adamu Usman , Mamman Suleiman O.
Published: September 2024

This study sets out to examine the effects of the interaction of subsidy removal on premium motor spirit (PMS) and exchange rate devaluation on macroeconomic instability in Nigeria. In this regard, this study adopted the Bayesian vector autoregressive model (BVAR) identified with sign‐and‐zero restrictions for annual data between 1985 and 2022. The empirical results reveal that both the removal of subsidies on PMS and the devaluation of the naira exchange rate significantly undermine real gross domestic product (GDP) growth and raise inflationary pressures in Nigeria. One important implication of this finding is that the ongoing subsidy reforms in the energy sector and associated devaluation of the naira exchange rate raise the risk of stagflation in Nigeria. Secondly, the simulation shows that simultaneous subsidy removal on PMS and exchange rate devaluation can trigger macroeconomic instability. This finding implies that stabilising PMS price and the exchange rate is key to achieving macroeconomic stability in Nigeria. Thus, this study recommends that Nigeria should be cautious and act quickly to cushion the price of PMS from the vagaries of foreign exchange market fluctuations to improve macroeconomic stability in the country.
Computer‐Assisted Total Hip Arthroplasty Improves Acetabular Prosthesis Placement Accuracy: A Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Clinical Study
Authors: Zhou Ge , Geng Xiao , Zhang Ming , Sun Zhiwen , Li Feng , Zhao Minwei , Tian Hua
Published: September 2024

Objective

The long‐term effectiveness of total hip arthroplasty (THA) largely depends on the accuracy of acetabular prosthesis placement. To improve the accuracy of acetabular prosthesis placement, we utilized a new surgical navigation system: visual treatment solution (VTS). The purpose of this study was to verify the efficacy and safety of this system in assisting THA.

Methods

This was a prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial. One hundred and twenty‐four patients undergoing primary THAs were included. The experimental group underwent VTS‐assisted THA, and the control group underwent traditional surgical techniques. The main efficacy evaluation indicators were the proportion of anteversion and inclination angles in the Lewinnek safe zone, and secondary evaluation indicators included operation time, Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) score, Harris score, short‐form‐36 (SF‐36) score, and hip dislocation rate. Statistical analysis was performed mainly by t‐test and chi‐square test.

Results

The proportion of both anteversion and inclination angles in the safe zone was 93.1% in the experimental group and 50.9% in the control group; the difference was significant (p < 0.01). The average operation time was 112.5 min in the experimental group and 92.6 min in the control group; the difference was significant (p < 0.01). There were no significant differences in WOMAC score, Harris score, or SF‐36 score between the experimental and control groups at 3 months after the operation (p > 0.05). The dislocation rate was 0% in the experimental group and 1.6% in the control group; the difference was not significant (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

VTS‐assisted THA can significantly improve the accuracy of acetabular prosthesis placement. However, there were no differences in short‐term clinical outcomes or dislocation rates between the two groups.
Elucidating disparities in sunscreen coverage among state Medicaid preferred drug lists
Authors: Schreidah Celine M. , Kent Joshua A. , Adeuyan Oluwaseyi , Gordon Emily R. , Chen Caroline , Lapolla Brigit A. , Fahmy Lauren M. , Queen Dawn , Trager Megan H. , Samie Faramarz H. , Geskin Larisa J. , Lauren Christine T.
Published: September 2024

Regular application of over‐the‐counter (OTC) sunscreen is considered the foundation of skin cancer prevention, yet OTC sunscreen is not eligible for reimbursement in almost all state Medicaid benefit plans. On review of 111 Medicaid preferred drug lists (PDLs) across 50 states and the District of Columbia (DC), only five plans were identified that incorporate coverage of sunscreen. Thus, many recipients of Medicaid, the majority of whom are individuals and families of lower socioeconomic status, may encounter financial difficulty and thus forego utilizing sun protective measures due to financial constraints. Here, we compare current Medicaid coverage of OTC sunscreen and discuss calculated and theoretical annual costs of this skin cancer prevention method.
Storage practice and wastage of pharmaceuticals in Chinese urban‐dwelling households: Description of urban‐dwelling households
Authors: Yang Zhao , Han Xiao , Yang Chao , Zhao Yue , Li Chengyu , Zhu Qiyun , Xue Qingyuan , Zhang Yaoguang , Li Guohong , Jiang Bin
Published: September 2024

At‐home storage of medications could pose a threat to public health and the environment if not handled appropriately. Excessive storage also creates health care and economic burdens. This study investigated storage practices, waste, and their determinants in China. Data were collected by pharmacy staff of urban‐dwelling households via online questionnaires. Descriptions at the household and medicine levels were conducted in Stata 16. Individual and family characteristics were associated with the presence of household medicine storage (84.6%, n = 5290), but storage location was poor. Expiration was the primary reason for discarding medicines. Respondents were inclined to buy medicines in pharmacies without prescription for storage purposes at out‐of‐pocket expenses, and 60.7% of medicines were purchased at out‐of‐pocket expenses, despite medical insurance coverage. Regarding wastage, 11.2% of medicines had expired and 38.2% were no longer needed. Purchasing for storage purposes was related to less waste due to expiration, while purchasing for treating acute diseases rather than chronic diseases was related to more waste, due to less for use. Accounting for 12.2% of all medications, antibiotics were associated with expiration and no further need for use. Source‐control measures targeting health facilities, pharmacies, and residents are needed under the combined efforts of all relevant departments.
Exploring barriers and facilitators to feeding children with minimal or no “Junk Food”: Insights from Mexican women
Authors: Théodore Florence L. , Lozada‐Tequeanes Ana Lilia , Alvarado Rocío , Kim‐Herrera Edith Yunessi , García‐Guerra Armando , Rodríguez‐Ramírez Sonia , Bonvecchio Anabelle
Published: September 2024

Objective

This study aims to investigate the factors that promote or hinder the feeding of children with minimal or no ultra‐processed products to inform the design of an mHealth strategy in Mexico and prevent child malnutrition among the economically vulnerable.

Methods

An exploratory qualitative study was conducted, involving 24 in‐depth face‐to‐face interviews with caregivers of children aged 24–59 months from both urban and rural communities. To analyze the data, we used thematic analysis and incorporated a few elements of grounded theory.

Results

More barriers than facilitators were identified. Key barriers included: misconceptions and the widespread availability of junk food through an extensive network of grocery stores; neighbors and family gifting junk food; the association of soda with celebrations; the practice of indulging children with junk food; and the normalization of junk food consumption by both adults and children. Facilitators included: caregivers’ awareness of the health risks associated with junk food; economic constraints limiting junk food purchases; support from husbands in regulating children's junk food consumption; the presence of a family member with diabetes; specific cultural beliefs about children's digestive health; as well as displacement of “healthy” foods that nourish children.

Conclusion

Based on our findings, we formulated recommendations for interventions at intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, community, and public policy levels to support healthier feeding practices for children.
Exploring Nursing Students’ Metaphorical Perceptions and Cognitive Structures Related to the Global Climate Crisis's Impact on Nursing
Authors: Ediz Çiçek , Uzun Sevda
Published: September 2024

Objective

This study aimed to explore the metaphorical perceptions and cognitive structures of Turkish nursing students related to the impact of the global climate crisis on their profession.

Methods

Researchers adopted a qualitative approach centered on metaphor analysis and involved 40 Turkish nursing students enrolled in programs in Türkiye during October 2023. Using metaphor analysis and techniques involving writing and drawing, the study uncovered how these students perceive and cognitively structure the influence of the global climate crisis on their nursing careers. The interview form featured the metaphor expression “The reflection of the global climate crisis on nursing is like … because …,” while the drawing component prompted students to determine their perspectives on the climate crisis's impact on nursing through concept drawings. The research adhered to the COREQ checklist.

Results

The study revealed that nursing students generated 22 metaphors each through written and drawing techniques. Written metaphors were grouped into five categories: psychosocial challenges faced by nurses, patient populations, diseases and coping, burdens on the health system, and the growing importance of various fields within nursing. Drawing technique metaphors were grouped into four categories: nurses and the difficulties they face, the impact of the global climate crisis on the world, the impact of the global climate crisis on the healthcare sector, and the roles and responsibilities of nurses.

Conclusions

While nursing students expressed diverse opinions, their concerns about the reflection of the global climate crisis on nursing yielded similar emotional responses. Metaphors are mostly focused on psychosocial challenges faced by nurses, the patient population, diseases, and coping mechanisms. The findings underscored nursing students’ concerns about the global climate crisis's impact on both their profession and the broader community.
Exploring the Relationship Between Cyberbullying and Technology Addiction in Adolescents
Authors: Topan Aysel , Anol Siğnem , Taşdelen Yeliz , Kurt Aylin
Published: September 2024

Objective

The present study aims to investigate the relationship between cyberbullying/victimization and technology addiction among Turkish adolescents.

Design and methods

A descriptive cross‐sectional study was conducted with 572 adolescents between the ages of 14 and 18. The study employed the Bullying and Cyber Bullying Scale for Adolescents (BCS‐A) to evaluate cyber victimization (BCS‐A VCSs) and cyberbullying (BCS‐A BCSs) subdimensions, in conjunction with the Technology Addiction Scale (TAS).

Results

Among adolescents, 38.5% exhibited a moderate level of technology addiction. The results revealed positive and weak correlations between TAS scores and BCS‐A VCSs (p < 0.001), as well as between BCS‐A VCSs and BCS‐A BCSs scores at a moderate level (p < 0.001). The study revealed that exposure to inappropriate content, encountering humiliating expressions on social media, sending inappropriate messages or videos to friends, and facing threats were significant predictors of BCS‐A VCS scores. Furthermore, the transmission of inappropriate messages or videos, the encounter of cyberbullying victims, the exclusion of friends from online platforms, the experience of distress caused by humiliating expressions, and the sharing of private content were identified as significant predictors of the total BCS‐A BCSs score.

Conclusion

The study demonstrated a correlation between elevated technology addiction and involvement in cyberbullying or victimization among adolescents. Moreover, the study identified significant predictors of cyberbullying and cyber victimization. It is recommended that health professionals develop intervention programs for safe technology use and the prevention of cyberbullying and victimization. These programs should aim to raise societal awareness, particularly among parents and teachers.
What does it mean to be European? How identity content shapes adolescent's views towards immigrants and support for the EU
Authors: Mayer Anna‐Maria , Körner Astrid , Jugert Philipp
Published: September 2024

Adolescents support Eurosceptic and far‐right movements more and more. Since adolescents' years are a formative period for political orientations, it is important to promote a shared sense of belonging together among Europeans to counteract these tendencies. This could be achieved by fostering a European identity, however, only if its content is civically defined. We examined adolescents' understandings of being European, and how they relate to intolerance, EU support, and other predictors. Our sample included 1206 German adolescents (51% female, Age: M = 14.4, SD = .6, 27% ethnic minority adolescents). European identity was assessed via open answers and five closed questions. We conducted latent class analysis to identify identity classes. Three classes emerged: a living‐based (47%), a culture & value‐based (27%), and an ancestry‐based class (26%). Classes did not differ regarding EU support, but regarding intolerance (highest: ancestry‐based, lowest: culture & value‐based). Our results indicate that German adolescents differed in their understanding of being European and that it is important to consider how youth define Europeanness to understand European identity's effect on their views. Furthermore, our study argues for assessing identity openly to capture nuances of identity content adequately.
Prescribing patterns for older‐age bipolar disorder patients discharged from two public mental hospitals in Taiwan, 2006–2019
Authors: Lin Ching‐Hua , Hsu Ching‐Chi , Chan Hung‐Yu , Chen Jiahn‐Jyh
Published: September 2024

Background

Older‐age bipolar disorder (OABD) is commonly defined as bipolar disorder in individuals aged 60 or more. There have been no studies to examine temporal trends in the pharmacological treatment of OABD. We aimed to investigate prescription changes among OABD patients discharged from two public mental hospitals in Taiwan from 2006 to 2019.

Methods

OABD patients discharged from the two study hospitals, from 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2019 (n = 1072), entered the analysis. Prescribed drugs at discharge, including mood stabilisers (i.e., lithium, valproate, carbamazepine, and lamotrigine), antipsychotics (i.e., second‐ and first‐generation antipsychotics (SGAs and FGAs)), and antidepressants, were investigated. Complex polypharmacy was defined as the use of three or more agents among the prescribed drugs. Temporal trends of each prescribing pattern were analyzed using the Cochran‐Armitage Trend test.

Results

The most commonly prescribed drugs were SGAs (72.0%), followed by valproate (48.4%) and antidepressants (21.7%). The prescription rates of SGAs, antidepressants, antidepressants without mood stabilisers, and complex polypharmacy significantly increased over time, whereas the prescription rates of mood stabilisers, lithium, FGAs, and antidepressants plus mood stabilisers significantly decreased.

Conclusions

Prescribing patterns changed remarkably for OABD patients over a 14‐year period. The decreased use of lithium and increased use of antidepressants did not reflect bipolar treatment guidelines. Future research should examine whether such prescribing patterns are associated with adverse clinical outcomes.
Contact resolution among Veterans Crisis Line phone and text contacts regarding Veterans Health Administration enrollees
Authors: Li Yufei , Legler Aaron , Bourgeois Jolie , Podlogar Matthew , Lauver MaryGrace , Adams Rachel Sayko , Strombotne Kiersten , Garrido Melissa M.
Published: September 2024

Introduction

To expand access to suicide prevention and support services, the Veteran Crisis Line (VCL) added text capabilities in 2011. It is unknown whether the likelihood of a contact being terminated by the user varies by contact type. We aimed to assess whether contact resolution varies by contact type after accounting for Veterans' sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, contact risk, and reasons for contact.

Method

A retrospective cohort study of VCL phone and text contacts regarding identified VHA enrollees between 2016 and 2021 was performed. To examine differences in contact resolution between contact types, inverse probability of treatment weights were used to balance characteristics of text and phone contacts.

Results

Relative to phone contacts, text contacts were associated with 3.39 percentage point (PP) (95% CI, 3.27–3.50; p < 0.001) lower likelihood of receiving an emergency dispatch/welfare check, 2.65 PP (95% CI, 2.55–2.76; p < 0.001) lower likelihood of requiring arrangement for same‐day care, and 9.47 (95% CI, 9.34–9.59; p < 0.001) PP higher likelihood of being terminated by the user.

Conclusions

VCL text contact was associated with an increased likelihood of being terminated by the user. Further investigation is needed to understand the reasons for terminating contact for those who texted VCL.
Hair fragility (trichorrhexis nodosa) in alopecic Pomeranian dogs
Authors: Brennan Erin , Juhola Jonna , Ferguson Ewan A. , Loeffler Anette , Cerundolo Rosario , Hendricks Anke , Bond Ross
Published: September 2024

Background

While alopecia associated with hair cycle arrest (HCA, Alopecia X) is well‐recognised in Pomeranian dogs, the authors are unaware of reports of concurrent hair fragility.

Hypothesis/Objectives

Following the observation of frequent hair shaft abnormalities in alopecic Pomeranians, we hypothesised that hair fragility events would be more frequent in dogs with a phenotype of HCA when compared to dogs with normal coats.

Animals

Eight alopecic Pomeranian dogs or crosses with a phenotype of HCA and 36 unaffected Pomeranians with owner‐reported normal hair coats.

Materials and Methods

All affected dogs underwent dermatological examination and clinicopathological evaluations. Hair samples, plucked from affected areas or obtained by brushing from unaffected dogs, were examined microscopically for structural abnormalities. Hair fragility events were characterised as trichorrhexis nodosa (TN) or longitudinal splits and were expressed per 10 mg of hair. A reference interval was calculated from the number of hair fragility events in the samples from unaffected dogs.

Results

The upper reference limit (with 90% confidence) from samples of 35 unaffected Pomeranians (one outlier excluded) was 9.75 hair fragility events per 10 mg of hair. The median (range) of fragility events in eight dogs with a phenotype of HCA was 66.0 (30.2–166.7) per 10 mg of hair.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

Clinicians should routinely perform trichography in Pomeranians with HCA because abundant hair abnormalities, particularly TN, may contribute to poor hair coat quality. Further studies are required to establish the pathophysiology of and treatments for these fragility events and to determine their predictive value for HCA.
Canine exfoliative cutaneous lupus erythematosus in two mixed breed littermates
Authors: Dumitrache Mirabela Oana , Ursache Aurora Livia , Toma Corina , Negoescu Andrada , Rietmann Stefan Jonas , Leeb Tosso , Cadiergues Marie‐Christine
Published: September 2024

Canine exfoliative cutaneous lupus erythematosus (ECLE) is the rarest variant of cutaneous lupus in dogs and has strong breed predilections. This report presents the clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical features of two ECLE cases in mixed breed littermates and confirms the expected genetic mutation. A therapeutic response to oclacitinib also is documented.