bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Burden and prevalence of risk factors for severe COVID-19 disease in the ageing European population – A SHARE-based analysis
Authors: Ahrenfeldt Linda Juel , Nielsen Camilla Riis , Möller Sören , Christensen Kaare , Lindahl-Jacobsen Rune
Published: September 2020

Aim: International health authorities suggest that individuals aged 65 years and above and people with underlying comorbidities such as hypertension, chronic lung disease, cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and obesity are at increased risk of severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, the prevalence of risk factors is unknown in many countries. Therefore, we aim to describe the distribution of these risk factors across Europe. Subject and Methods: Prevalence of risk factors for severe COVID-19 was identified based on interview for 73,274 Europeans aged 50+ participating in the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) in 2017. Burden of disease was estimated using population data from Eurostat. Results: A total of 75.3% of the study population (corresponding to app. 60 million European men and 71 million women) had at least one risk factor for severe COVID-19, 45.9% (app. 36 million men and 43 million women) had at least two factors and 21.2% (app. 17 million men and 20 million women) had at least three risk factors. The prevalences of underlying medical conditions ranged from 4.5% for cancer to 41.4% for hypertension, and the region-specific prevalence of having at least three risk factors ranged from 18.9% in Northern Europe to 24.6% in Eastern Europe. Conclusions: Information about the prevalences of risk factors might help authorities to identify the most vulnerable subpopulations with multiple risk factors of severe COVID-19 disease and thus to decide appropriate strategies to mitigate the pandemic.
Deep Neural Network Analysis of Clinical Variables Predicts Escalated Care in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Lu Joyce , Musheyev Benjamin , Peng Qi , Duong Tim
Published: September 2020

This study sought to identify the most important clinical variables that can be used to determine which COVID-19 patients will need escalated care early on using deep-learning neural networks. Analysis was performed on hospitalized COVID-19 patients between February 7, 2020 and May 4, 2020 in Stony Brook Hospital. Demographics, comorbidities, laboratory tests, vital signs, and blood gases were collected. We compared data obtained at the time in emergency department and the time of intensive care unit (ICU) upgrade of: i) COVID-19 patients admitted to the general floor (N=1203) versus those directly admitted to ICU (N=104), and ii) patients not upgraded to ICU (N=979) versus those upgraded to the ICU (N=224) from the general floor. A deep neural network algorithm was used to predict ICU admission, with 80% training and 20% testing. Prediction performance used area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic analysis (ROC). We found that C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine, white-blood cell count, D-dimer, and lymphocyte count showed temporal divergence between patients were upgraded to ICU compared to those were not. The deep learning predictive model ranked essentially the same set of laboratory variables to be important predictors of needing ICU care. The AUC for predicting ICU admission was 0.782±0.013 for the test dataset. Adding vital sign and blood-gas data improved AUC (0.861±0.018). This study identified a few laboratory tests that were predictive of escalated care. This work could help frontline physicians to anticipate downstream ICU needs to more effectively allocate healthcare resources.
Effectiveness and safety of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation in the treatment of COVID-19-associated acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: a single center, non-ICU setting experience.
Authors: Faraone Antonio , Beltrame Chiara , Crociani Andrea , Carrai Paolo , Lovicu Elena , Filetti Simona , Sbaragli Serena , Alessi Chiara , Smith Michela Cameron , Angotti Chiara , Fortini Alberto
Published: September 2020

BackgroundThe role of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) in COVID-19 patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF) is uncertain. This study was aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of NIPPV in patients with COVID-19-associated AHRF admitted to non-ICU wards.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated all COVID-19 patients consecutively admitted to the COVID-19 general wards of a medium-size Italian hospital, from March 6 to May 7, 2020. Healthcare workers (HCWs) caring for COVID-19 patients were monitored, undergoing naso-pharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV-2 in case of onset of COVID-19 symptoms, and periodic SARS-CoV-2 screening serology.ResultsOverall, 50 of 143 patients (mean age 74.6 years) were treated with NIPPV, and 22 (44%) were successfully weaned. Due to limited life expectancy, 25 (50%) of 50 NIPPV-treated patients received a “do not intubate” order. Among these, only 6 (24%) were weaned from NIPPV. Of the remaining 25 NIPPV-treated patients, 16 (64%) were successfully weaned, 9 (36%) underwent delayed endotracheal intubation and, among these, 3 (33.3%) died. NIPPV success was predicted by the use of corticosteroids (OR 15.4, p 0.013), the PaO2/FiO2 ratio measured 24-48 hours after NIPPV initiation (OR 1.02, p 0.015), and the presence of a “do not intubate” order (OR 0.03, p 0.020). During the study period, 2 of 124 (1.6%) HCWs caring for COVID-19 patients were diagnosed with mild SARS-CoV-2 infection.ConclusionsApart from patients with limited life expectancy, NIPPV was effective in a substantially high percentage of patients with COVID-19-associated AHRF. The risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection among HCWs was low.
Forecasting youth unemployment in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic: the Italian case
Authors: Fenga Livio , Son-Turan Semen
Published: September 2020

Purpose: This study aims at forecasting NEET unemployment in Italy using a counterfactual scenario, based on an original empirical model, whereby the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the NEET rate are factored in and left out.Methodology: An artificial neural network (ANN) model of the type feed-forward, with a Google Trends-generated variable that represents potentially relevant search queries, is employed to backcast, nowcast and forecast Italian NEET unemployment for 2019, 2020, 2021, respectively.Findings: Findings suggest that the Italian NEET unemployment rate will slightly increase in a less than proportional way, absorbing the COVID-19 pandemic’s effects in a relatively short time period.Research Implications/ Limitation: Several limitations with respect to the limited sample size and the few number of explanatory variables are remedied through the use of an adequate methodology.Originality: The use of an ANN in youth unemployment studies during a pandemic of the present scale is, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, unprecedented.
The added value of transition programs in Dutch diabetes care: A controlled evaluation study
Authors: Peeters Mariëlle A.C. , Sattoe Jane N.T. , Bronner Madelon B. , Bal Roland A. , Staa AnneLoes van
Published: September 2020

Background

The desirability of evaluating transition programs is widely acknowledged. This study aimed to explore the added value of transitional care investments for young adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Methods

On the basis of qualitative data, two groups of diabetes teams were created through cluster analysis: paying more (HI-ATT) versus less attention (LO-ATT) to transitional care. Retrospective controlled evaluation included chart reviews on healthcare use and clinical outcomes; and a survey on young adults’ experiences, satisfaction with care, and self-management skills.

Results

Data from 320 patients in fifteen diabetes teams were collected; 142 young adults (38.4%) completed a questionnaire. Self-reported outcomes showed that young adults treated by a HI-ATT team felt better prepared for transfer (p <.05). Self-management outcomes did not differ between groups. HI-ATT teams had more scheduled consultations in the year after transfer (p <.05); only 10.6% of all participants had reached targeted HbA1c scores.

Conclusions

The attention being paid to transition in Dutch diabetes care does not lead to notable improvements in experiences and outcomes, except for preparation for transfer. The period after transfer, however, is just as important. Attention is required for parent involvement. Considering actual implementation and adaptation of interventions is recommended for future evaluation studies.
Electrical conductivity of diaspore, δ-AlOOH and ε-FeOOH
Authors: Wang Ran , Yoshino Takashi
Published: September 2020

Electrical conductivities of diaspore (α-AlOOH), δ-AlOOH, and ε-FeOOH were measured by impedance spectroscopy with a frequency range from 10–1 to 106 Hz at pressures from 8 to 20 GPa and temperatures from 500 to 1200 K, well below the dehydration temperatures of these phases at the relevant pressures. For diaspore, the relationship between electrical conductivity and reciprocal temperature can be well fitted by the Arrhenius formula:

σ = σ 0 exp ⁡ [ − ( Δ E + P Δ V ) k T ] ,

where σ0 is the pre-exponential factor, ∆E is the activation energy, and ∆V is activation volume of 56.0 ± 1.2 S/m, 0.55 ± 0.02 eV, and 1.68 ± 0.12 cm3/mol, respectively. The electrical conductivity of diaspore decreases with increasing pressure ranging from 8 to 12 GPa by a half order of magnitude, whereas the conductivity becomes almost constant in a pressure range above 12 GPa. δ-AlOOH and ε-FeOOH show one and two orders of magnitude higher electrical conductivity than diaspore. Electrical conductivities of δ-AlOOH and ε-FeOOH, which have isostructural CaCl2-type hydroxide structure, show the nearly identical activation enthalpies (0.38 ± 0.01, 0.33 ± 0.05 eV), which are relatively lower than that of diaspore. The dominant conduction mechanism of AlOOH phases can be regarded as proton conduction. The conductivity difference between diaspore and δ-AlOOH attributes to result in the different O1H bond lengths of each phase. The reduction of O1H bond length with increasing pressure could enhance the proton migration by reducing the potential barrier, thereby raising the electrical conductivity. Small polaron conduction may contribute to the conductivity of ε-FeOOH to generate higher conductivity than δ-AlOOH. Furthermore, hydrogen bond symmetrization will also play an important role in the conductivity discrepancy of these hydrous minerals with CaCl2-type hydroxide structure. For subducted sedimentary rocks, polymorphs of AlOOH and FeOOH are representative hydrous phases. Al-rich sediments show conductivity reduction with increasing depth until phase transformation occurs because diaspore represents negative pressure dependence of conductivity. After transformation to δ-AlOOH, the conductivity will jump up around 18 GPa. If ε-FeOOH is stable above 5 GPa in an iron-rich lithology, such as banded iron formation (BIF), a high conductivity zone with positive pressure dependence could be observed to the deep lower mantle.
Early Archean alteration minerals in mafic-ultramafic rocks of the Barberton greenstone belt as petrological analogs for clay mineralogy on Mars
Authors: Grosch Eugene G. , Bishop Janice L. , Mielke Christian , Maturilli Alessandro , Helbert Jörn
Published: September 2020

Characterization of terrestrial analog sites is critical for detection and determination of clay miner-alogy in remote sensing studies of Mars aimed at geological, hydrological, and potentially biological investigations. In this study, we investigate a suite of hydrothermally altered early Archean rocks from the Barberton greenstone belt (BGB) of South Africa as potential petrological, mineralogical, and spectral analogs to hydrothermally altered metabasalts and mafic-ultramafic intrusions in the martian subsurface and impact craters. We present the first spectral imaging measurements on exceptionally well-preserved early Archean mafic-ultramafic rocks from the BGB, with the aim of studying their clay mineralogy and spectral signatures. Multiple spectral analyses were conducted on different sample textures (rock powders, crushed rocks, and rock slabs) appropriate for Mars rover and remote sensing exploration. Visible/near-infrared (VNIR) and mid-IR reflectance spectra were acquired on particulate samples, while VNIR spectral imaging data were collected on rock slabs. Mid-IR emission spectra were measured for the rock slabs and grains. Spectral features are compared from these different spectral techniques to identify the minerals present in the samples and compare macroscale vs. microscale detections. The measured spectra reveal absorption bands that correspond to clay mineral-ogy of the serpentine and chlorite mineral groups, consistent with petrographic observations, as well as magnetite, olivine, quartz, feldspar, and Al-phyllosilicate. The spectral data acquired in this study expand the reference spectra data set for remote sensing studies. The implications of this study are that rocks from early Archean greenstone belts, such as those of the BGB, serve as potential clay-bearing petrological analogs for hydrothermal environments on Mars.
ENDÜSTRİYEL PAZARLAMADA FİYATLANDIRMA MİTLERİ ÜZERİNE BETİMSEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: TEPE Recep , TAŞKIN Çağatan
Published: September 2020

İşletmelerin kârlılıklarını arttırmanın yollarından biri de fiyatlandırmaların doğru bir şekilde yapılmasıdır. Fiyat aynı zamanda etkili bir rekabet aracı olarak kullanılabilir. Pazarlama karmasında bulunan diğer unsurlar ile karşılaştırıldığında fiyatın gelir getirici yönü vardır ve aynı zamanda ikna aracı olarak da kullanılabilir. Tüm bu olumlu özelliklerine rağmen fiyat ve fiyatlandırma konusu akademik alanda yeterli ilgiyi görmemektedir. Özellikle endüstriyel fiyatlandırma konusunun pazarlama bakış açısıyla ele alınması hakkında literatür gelişmiş değildir. Bu nedenle de bu durum endüstriyel fiyatlandırmada bazı ön kabullere ve ön yargılara (efsanelere / mitlere) hareket alanı sağlamaktadır. Bu makalenin temel amacı otomotiv yan sanayinde fiyat karar vericilerinin endüstriyel fiyatlandırma ile ilgili literatürde mevcut olan fiyatlandırma mitlerine ilişkin algılarını ölçmek ve betimsel çıkarımlarda bulunmaktır. Araştırmanın ana kütlesi TAYSAD üyesi olan işletmelerin fiyatlandırma konusunda karar veren yöneticileridir. Çalışmada toplamda altı adet fiyatlandırma miti incelenmiş ve sonuçlar değerlendirilmiştir.
Dalga Yükü Altında İskele Tipi Yapılarda Kullanılan Çakma Çelik Kazık Sistemlerin Davranışı
Authors: FINDIK Münire , ÇELİK Devran , KESKİN S. Nilay , ÖZTÜRK Yusuf
Published: September 2020

Jeopolitik değer açısından üç tarafı denizlerle çevrili olan ülkemizde liman, iskele ve rıhtım yapıları ile ilgili çalışmalar hız kazanmıştır. Ülkemiz jeolojik ve jeofizik açıdan aktif fayların bulunduğu deprem kuşağında yer almaktadır. Özellikle sismik bölgelerdeki kıyı ve liman yapılarında depreme dayanıklı tasarım ve dizayn aşamalarında Demiryolları, Limanlar ve Hava Meydanları (DLH) Genel Müdürlüğü 2008 yılında, “Kıyı ve Liman Yapıları, Demiryolları ve Hava Meydanı İnşaatlarına İlişkin Deprem Teknik Yönetmeliği” kapsamında verilen teoriler ve formüller kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, kum zemine oturan kazıklı iskele yapısı üzerine çalışılmıştır. Farklı kazık çaplarında ve DLH 2008’de tavsiye edilen 4D-8D aralıklarla yerleştirilerek çeşitli modeller oluşturulmuştur. Modellemeler, Sap2000 bilgisayar programı ile yapılmıştır. Kazıklı iskele yapısı için tüm kazık ve üst yapı elemanları ile ilgili detaylı bilgilere yer verilmiştir. Çalışılan modeller için, Zemin durumuna ve değişen dalga periyotlarına göre ideal kazık çapı ve aralığına dair sonuçlar grafiklerle sunulmuştur.
Energy and Exergy Analysis of HVAC Applications in Hospitals
Authors: MINA Kale Mawlood , BULUT Hüsamettin
Published: September 2020

In this study, energy and exergy analysis of HVAC systems used in Qaladze hospital in Sulaymaniyah, Iraq were done by using the first and second laws of thermodynamics. The average values of thermal energy and exergy efficiencies for the boiler and air handling units were found as 89%, 19.5% and 81.5%, 24%, respectively. The cooling coefficient of performance of the chiller group was calculated as 4.82 on average. It was determined that HVAC systems generally provide thermal comfort in the hospital. But it was concluded that all components of HVAC systems should be constantly checked to improve the thermal conditions and indoor air quality in the hospital.
Experimental Investigation of the Flow Characteristics around a NACA0012 Airfoil Subjected to Stall and Post-Stall Conditions
Authors: ÖZKAN Göktürk Memduh
Published: September 2020

The flow structure and turbulent characteristics of an airfoil at various Reynolds numbers (Rec = 1.5×104, 2.0×104, 2.5×104) have been investigated considering two angles of attack (α = 10o and α = 12o). PIV measurements have been performed and time-averaged and instantaneous results were presented utilizing vorticity, profiles of streamwise velocity, Reynolds shear stress, and turbulent kinetic energy distributions. The results have shown that both the Rec and α significantly affect the flow characteristics around the airfoil. Furthermore, the change in flow characteristics between the stall and post-stall angles was elaborated and compared with each other, as being in good agreement with the available literature. The turbulent fluctuations in the airfoil wake, as well as in the suction side, were obtained to be more intense at post-stall angle compared with the stall condition. Besides, due to the earlier flow separation, post-stall condition presented a larger wake and the shedding of vortices formed by the leading and trailing edges of the airfoil.
Zamanla Sinüzoidal Olarak Değişen Manyetik Alan Şiddetinin Ters Basamak Geometrisinde Akış Ayrılması ve Isı Transferine Etkisi
Authors: ZONTUL Harun , ŞAHİN Beşir
Published: September 2020

Akış ayrılması, aerodinamik ve ısı transferi uygulamalarında performansı büyük ölçüde etkileyen, tasarım sırasında göz ardı edilemeyecek fiziksel bir olgudur. Ters basamak geometrisi, akış ayrılmasını incelemek veya ayrılmış akışı manipüle etmeyi hedefleyen kontrol yöntemlerinin etkinliğini araştırmak amacıyla gerçekleştirilen çalışmalarda önemli bir yere sahip referans geometridir. Bu çalışmada bir aktif akış kontrol yöntemi olan manyetik alanın ters basamak geometrisinde akış ayrılması ve ısı transferine etkisi sayısal olarak incelenmiştir. Manyetik alanın şiddeti zamana göre sinüzoidal bir fonksiyona bağlı kalarak sürekli şekilde değiştirilmiştir. İnceleme laminer akış koşulları ile sınırlandırılmıştır. Çalışma sıvısı olarak su bazlı demir oksit (Fe3O4-su) nano akışkanı kullanılmış ve nano akışkan tek fazlı olarak modellenmiştir.
Sayısal simülasyonlar sonucunda incelenen yöntemin ölü akış bölgesine ve bu bölgedeki akışın sebep olduğu konveksiyon ile ısı transferine etki etmede başarılı olduğu görülmüştür.
The Effect of Design Phase Meetings on Change Orders in Building Construction Projects
Authors: GENÇ Olcay , COŞKUN Hilmi , ERDİŞ Ercan
Published: September 2020

Management of the design phase of construction projects affects the success of the projects. Generally, architects are the main actors who dominate the whole process of the building constructions. In this study, the architects’ design experiences in terms of the effect of design phase meetings on change orders in building construction projects are investigated. As a result of the study, it is concluded that there is no relationship between the frequency of meetings and requested and realized project changes in the design phase. It is also observed that, except for the architects, if the formation of the stakeholders participating in the design meetings can be varied, this can minimize the project changes and possible problems due to conflicting interests, and the participation of different groups to the design phase meetings could be a way of keeping the requests of changes in design and construction stage to a minimum.
Diyatomit Agregalı Blok Elemanların Yüksek Sıcaklık ve Donma– Çözülme Etkisinde Bazı Fiziko-Mekanik Özelliklerinin Araştırılması
Authors: AKBABA Hakan
Published: September 2020

Çalışmada yüksek puzolanik özelliğe sahip olan diyatomitin, hafif beton blok üretiminde kullanılabilirliği araştırılmıştır. Çimento dozajı (220 kg/m3) ve su/çimento oranı (0,15) sabit olmak üzere, farklı tane dağılımlarına (granülometri) sahip agregalar kullanılarak üretilen 10x10x10 cm ebatlarındaki küp numunelerin, yüksek sıcaklık ve donma-çözülme etkisi sonrasında bazı fiziksel ve mekanik özelliklerindeki değişiklikler incelenmiştir. Deneysel çalışmalar için agregalar 0-4 mm (ince), 4-8 mm (orta) ve 8-16 mm (iri) tane dağılım oranına sahip 5 farklı seride üretilmiştir. 28 günlük sertleşmiş numuneler üzerinde birim hacim ağırlık, porozite, ultrases, basınç dayanımı ve elastisite modülü değerleri belirlenerek, yüksek sıcaklık ve donma-çözülme etkisi sonrasında numunelerde oluşan fiziksel değişimler kaydedilmiştir. Deney sonuçlarında, birim hacim ağırlık değerlerinin 1182,33-1273,37 kg/m3 arasında değişiklik gösterdiği, donma-çözülme sonrasında, ufalanma ve parçalanma ile ortalama %8,53 kütle azalışının yanı sıra, basınç dayanımında da azalış gözlenmiştir. Yüksek sıcaklık etkisi (600 oC) ile ortalama %7,9 kütle azalışı oluşurken, basınç mukavemetinde ise ortalama %55,22 oranında artış gözlenmiştir.
Gürleşen-Tülü (Doğu Toroslar) Yöresinde Yüzeyleyen Paleozoyik ve Mesozoyik Birimlerin Petrografisi ve Stratigrafisi
Authors: NURLU Nusret , AKINCI Ahmet Can
Published: September 2020

Bu araştırmada, Saimbeyli ilçesi ile Gürleşen-Tülü köyleri (Adana) arasında kalan alan içinde yüzeyleyen birimlerin detaylı petrografik ve stratigrafik incelenmesi yapılmıştır. İnceleme alanında temelde Ordovisiyen yaşlı şeyl, şistli şeyl ardalanmasından oluşan Armutludere formasyonu yer almaktadır. Bu birim üzerine Erken Devoniyen yaşlı kumtaşı, çamurtaşı, şeyl, killi kireçtaşı ardalanması ile temsil olunan Ayıtepesi formasyonu uyumsuz olarak gelmektedir. Ayıtepesi formasyonu üzerinde uyumlu olarak Orta Devoniyen yaşlı dolomitize kireçtaşlarından oluşan Şafaktepe formasyonu yer almakta olup, bu birim üzerine Geç Devoniyen yaşlı kumtaşı, şeyl, kireçtaşı ardalanması ile Gümüşali formasyonu uyumlu olarak gelmektedir. Genellikle kireçtaşları ile temsil edilen Permiyen yaşlı Yığılıtepe formasyonu, Gümüşali formasyonu üzerinde uyumsuz olarak yer almaktadır. Bu formasyon üzerine kumtaşı, marn, killi kireçtaşından oluşmuş Triyas yaşlı Katarası formasyonu uyumlu olarak gelmektedir. Gri, bej renkli kireçtaşlarından oluşan Jura-Kretase yaşlı Köroğlutepesi formasyonu, Katarası formasyonu üzerinde uyumsuz olarak gelmektedir. İnceleme alanından derlenen numunelerden hazırlanan 21 adet ince kesit üzerinde yapılan petrografik çalışmalar sonucunda bölgedeki kırıntılı çökellerin genellikle düşük enerjili bir ortamda işlendiği ve kum boyu bileşenlerin iyi yıkanmadığı, karbonat kayaçların ise genellikle mikrosparitik özellikte olduğu ortaya konulmuştur.
Van Gölü Havzası Doğu ve Kuzey Bölgesindeki Killerin Standart ve Modifiye Proktor Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: ÖZVAN Ali , SARAN Onur , MUVAFIK Murat
Published: September 2020

Bu çalışmada kompaksiyonun önemli bir parametresi olan sıkıştırma enerjisinin, zemine farklı miktarlarda uygulanması durumunda zeminin mühendislik özelliklerindeki değişiklikler araştırılmıştır. Çalışma için Van Gölü'nün doğu ve kuzeyindeki farklı konumlardan elde edilen bozulmuş kil örnekleri kullanılmıştır. Tüm zeminler öncelikle Proktor deneylerine tabi tutularak zeminlerin optimum su içeriği (ωopt) ve maksimum kuru birim hacim ağırlık (γk-max) değerleri belirlenmiştir. İkinci aşamada, kompaksiyon deneyinden alınan numuneler konsolidasyon deneyine tabi tutulmuştur. Konsolidasyon sonuçlarına bakıldığında zemine uygulanan kompaksiyon enerjisi arttıkça zeminin kuru birim hacim ağırlığının ve ön konsolidasyon basıncının arttığı, optimum su içeriğinin ve boşluk oranının azaldığı belirlenmiştir. Bölgeden alınan örneklerin proktor değerleri incelendiğinde, Çaldıran bölgesi hariç tüm kil örneklerinin dolguda kullanılabileceği belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, bu killerin Plastik Limit değerleri ile Proktor sıkışma parametreleri arasında yapılan korelasyonlarda yüksek belirleme katsayısı (R2>0.90) elde edilmiştir.
Flu Viral Multiplex Testing and its Implication for COVID-19 Testing
Authors: Han Aaron , Hicban Janet
Published: September 2020

Background:

The diagnosis of viral causes for flu-like syndromes have positively been impacted by the availability of molecular assays. In recent years,
syndromic multiplex panels have been able to give rapid turn-around-times and highly accurate results. We examine the use of this test during the
first four months of 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:

A retrospective review of 2145 patient results from a multiplex syndromic flu panel using Biofire RP2 was performed. Cases in which parallel
testing for COVID-19 by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was compared.

Results:

53% of the patients tested identified as a viral agent. 13% of the positive cases were coinfection with more than a single virus. The most frequently
detected virus(es) were rhinovirus/enterovirus, followed by coronaviruses (non-MERS, non-COVID-19). One hundred patients had simultaneous
testing for COVID-19. Seventeen (17%) had positive COVID-19 by RT-PCR. Three of these patients had coinfection with rhinovirus/enterovirus
and COVID-19. The negative predictive value for COVID-19 based on a positive non-COVID agent was 95% in our sample.

Conclusions:

Viral syndromic panels are useful for the rapid detection and appropriate treatment of patients. Our results suggest coinfection is infrequent, and
we discuss the impact of COVID-19 on patient testing strategy. The use of multiplex panels is useful to provide accurate diagnosis and rule out
important pathogens that have different treatment approaches.
Artificial Intelligence in Breast MRI Radiogenomics: Towards Accurate Prediction of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Responses
Authors: Yin Xiao-Xia , Jin Yabin , Gao Mingyong , Hadjiloucas Sillas
Published: September 2020

Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy (NAC) in breast cancer patients has considerable prognostic
and treatment potential and can be tailored to individual patients as part of precision medicine protocols.
This work reviews recent advances in artificial intelligence so as to enable the use of radiogenomics
for accurate NAC analysis and prediction. The work addresses a new problem in radiogenomics
mining: How to combine structural radiomics information and non-structural genomics
information for accurate NAC prediction. This requires the automated extraction of parameters
from structural breast radiomics data, and finding non-structural feature vectors with diagnostic
value, which then are combined with genomics data acquired from exocrine bodies in blood
samples from a cohort of cancer patients to enable accurate NAC prediction. A self-attention-based
deep learning approach, along with an effective multi-channel tumour image reconstruction algorithm
of high dimensionality, is proposed. The aim was to generate non-structural feature vectors
for accurate prediction of the NAC responses by combining imaging datasets with exocrine body related
genomics analysis.
Anti-Breast Cancer Activities of Ketoprofen-RGD Conjugate by Targeting Breast Cancer Stem-Like Cells and Parental Cells
Authors: Noori Shokoofe , Rajabi Sadegh , Tavirani Mostafa R. , Shokri Bahare , Zarghi Afshin
Published: September 2020

Background:

Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) play an important role in various stages of cancer development,
advancement, and therapy resistance. Ketoprofen-RGD has been revealed to act as an anti-cancer agent
against some tumors.

Objective:

We aimed to explore the effects of a novel Ketoprofen-RGD compound on the suppression of Breast
Cancer Stem-like Cells (BCSCs) and their parental cells.

Methods:

Mammospheres were developed from MCF-7 cells and assessed by CSC surface markers through
flowcytometry. The anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activities of Ketoprofen-RGD were measured by MTS
assay and flowcytometry. The expression levels of stemness markers and JAK2/STAT proteins were measured by
quantitative Real Time-PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blotting, respectively. Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species
(ROS) was measured using a cell permeable, oxidant-sensitive fluorescence probe (carboxy-H2DCFDA).

Results:

Ketoprofen-RGD significantly reduced the mammosphere formation rate and the expression of three
out of six stemness markers and remarkably decreased viability and induced apoptosis of spheroidal and parental
cells compared to controls. Further experiments using CD95L, as a death ligand, and ZB4 antibody, as an
extrinsic apoptotic pathway blocker, showed that Ketoprofen-RGD induced intrinsic pathway, suggesting a
mechanism by which Ketoprofen-RGD triggers apoptosis. ROS production was also another way to induce
apoptosis. Results of western blot analysis also revealed a marked diminish in the phosphorylation of JAK2 and
STAT proteins.

Conclusion:

: Our study, for the first time, elucidated an anti-BCSC activity for Ketoprofen-RGD via declining
stemness markers, inducing toxicity, and apoptosis in these cells and parental cells. These findings may suggest
this compound as a promising anti-breast cancer.
Comparative DFT Study of 5-Fluorouracil Adsorption on Silica and Graphene for Bio-Medical Applications
Authors: Simonetti Sandra , Grau Emilia Noseda , Roman Gabriel , Ulacco Sandra
Published: September 2020

Aims:

The administration of antitumor 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) into the human body is generally
accomplished via a central venous catheter that is prone to degradation when it comes in contact
with bodily fluids or aggressive drugs such as 5-Fu. Therefore, degradation could be reduced by applying
protective coatings onto the internal and/or external surfaces of the catheters.

Objectives:

Graphene and silica materials could be promising coating materials because of their low reactivity
and antimicrobial properties. The mechanisms of interaction between the carrier and the drug
are based on surface chemistry related phenomena. Understanding the physicochemical features of the
surfaces is a fundamental step to describe and predict the strength of these interactions and may result
in controlled adsorption and release processes.

Methods:

Computational DFT methods can provide an important aspect by providing atomistic details
of the drug adsorbed on the surfaces through molecular modeling.

Results:

DFT calculations of the binding energy, charge exchange and orbital population of 5-FU adsorbed
on graphene and silica materials confirmed weak interactions between the drug and the solid
surfaces that could favor desorption during the drug delivery. Graphene and silica surfaces do not react
with the 5-FU molecule behaving as inert materials and the drug does not suffer from degradation nor
alter its structure during adsorption on both the materials.

Conclusion:

These characteristics, in addition to biocompatibility and antimicrobial properties, suggest
that graphene and silica could be used as promising internal/external coating materials for biomedical
applications.
Indian Sign Language Recognition on PYNQ Board
Authors: Singh Sukhendra , Rathna G. N. , Singhal Vivek
Published: September 2020

Introduction:

Sign language is the only way to communicate for speech-impaired people. But this sign
language is not known to normal people so this is the cause of barrier in communicating. This is the problem faced by
speech impaired people. In this paper, we have presented our solution which captured hand gestures with Kinect camera
and classified the hand gesture into its correct symbol.

Method:

We used Kinect camera not the ordinary web camera because the ordinary camera does not capture its 3d
orientation or depth of an image from camera however Kinect camera can capture 3d image and this will make
classification more accurate.

Result:

Kinect camera will produce a different image for hand gestures for ‘2’ and ‘V’ and similarly for ‘1’ and ‘I’
however, normal web camera will not be able to distinguish between these two. We used hand gesture for Indian sign
language and our dataset had 46339, RGB images and 46339 depth images. 80% of the total images were used for training
and the remaining 20% for testing. In total 36 hand gestures were considered to capture alphabets and alphabets from A-Z
and 10 for numeric, 26 for digits from 0-9 were considered to capture alphabets and Keywords.

Conclusion:

Along with real-time implementation, we have also shown the comparison of the performance of the various
machine learning models in which we have found out the accuracy of CNN on depth- images has given the most accurate
performance than other models. All these resulted were obtained on PYNQ Z2 board.
Digital image processing algorithms for visual navigation of an unmanned aircraft
Authors: Makarenko A. A. , Vinokurov L. A.
Published: September 2020

The algorithms of digital image processing in the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) visual navigation system are stated and the program realization of the method is presented in the article. Assessment of a range of spatial frequencies of the image is carried out using the stated algorithms. The look and structure of a two-dimensional amplitude spatial spectrum of the image allow allocating existence of vertical and horizontal borders and lines on the image and giving a general idea about their spatial orientation. The spectral submission of the compared images is also used for the acceleration of correlation function calculations. Using the results of digital processing of an amplitude two-dimensional spatial range of the image observed by the onboard TV camera the data allowing to specify the spatial UAV coordinates and to estimate a condition and position of the airfield are formed. The method is based on the numerical analysis of a two-dimensional amplitude spectrum of the image. Results of operation that confirm efficiency of the stated algorithms are presented.
ARIMA model for forecasting COVID-19 Death cases in India (Preprint)
Authors: Sutha M Jeya
Published: September 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

COVID-19, the disease caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a highly contagious disease. On January 30, 2020 the World Health Organization declared the outbreak as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. As of July 25, 2020; 15,947,292 laboratory-confirmed and 642,814 deaths have been reported globally. India has reported 1,338,928 confirmed cases and 31,412 deaths till date. This paper presents different aspects of COVID-19, visualization of the spread of infection and presents the ARIMA model for forecasting the status of COVID-19 death cases in the next 50 days in order to take necessary precaution by the Government to save the people.
Regulación del bienestar ocupacional: entre la legislación y la responsabilidad social empresarial
Authors: Blanco Prieto Antonio , Alonso Domínguez Ángel
Published: September 2020

El objetivo del artículo es ofrecer una clasificación de la regulación del bienestar ocupacional en España que permita identificar si existe un sistema bien coordinado en el ámbito legislativo y en el de la responsabilidad social de las empresas. La investigación se realiza valorando los beneficios sociales presentes en la regulación comunitaria, la normativa nacional y las diferentes normas, guías de gestión y recomendaciones para la elaboración de informes de sostenibilidad empresarial. De esta manera se han definido cuatro tipos diferentes de servicios y programas relacionados con el bienestar ocupacional: mejora de las condiciones de trabajo y protección social; conciliación de la vida laboral, personal y familiar; salud y seguridad ocupacional; desarrollo humano y formación. Del análisis de toda esta información relevante se concluye que no existe tal sistema o coordinación sino la confluencia de diferentes leyes, normas y recomendaciones que pueden agruparse en los cuatro ámbitos de actuación.
Entre la docencia carismática y la burocratización de la enseñanza: las crisis de la sociología y los dilemas de su aprendizaje
Authors: Sola Jorge , Sádaba Igor , Rendueles César
Published: September 2020

En este artículo se ofrecen una serie de reflexiones tentativas sobre algunos de los dilemas que plantea la docencia de la sociología, poniéndolos en conexión con el estado de crisis que vive la disciplina y los cambios sociales y educativos que han acompañado su evolución. En particular, deseamos plantear tres tipos de cuestiones: ¿cómo afrontar en nuestra práctica docente la fragmentación epistémica y el declive público de la sociología?, ¿cómo reenfocar la enseñanza de la disciplina –en concreto, de materias como la teoría y los métodos– para lograr que nuestros/as estudiantes aprendan a hacer sociología? y ¿de qué modos el debate colectivo y el trabajo cooperativo nos pueden servir de ayuda para mejorar nuestras estrategias docentes?
Élites en América Latina: una introducción
Authors: Cárdenas Julián
Published: September 2020

Cada vez hay más interés por indagar sobre las élites como lo evidencia el enorme crecimiento de la investigación científica en torno al tema, así como la venta de libros sobre el poder económico y político. América Latina es una de las regiones donde, tal vez, más poder y libertad tienen las élites debido a modelos fiscales regresivos, débiles instituciones reguladoras, y redes clientelares. Por ello, el estudio de las élites en América Latina es un requisito indispensable para impulsar la sociología de las élites.
Educados en el privilegio: trayectorias educativas y reproducción social de las élites en Perú
Authors: Rentería Mauricio , Grompone Velásquez Álvaro , Reátegui Amat y León Luciana
Published: September 2020

El presente artículo analiza la manera en que la educación sirve como mecanismo de reproducción de clase y, con ello, de producción de cuadros para las élites. En términos analíticos, se enmarca en los estudios sobre clases sociales y sus formas de reproducción mediadas por la escuela. Para ello, se emplea una aproximación cualitativa que combina entrevistas en profundidad con un mapeo de actores de las principales empresas del país. Sostenemos que además de soportes familiares, académicos y sociales, el paso por colegios de prestigio constituye una garantía para su reproducción social. Estas instituciones no solo sirven como mecanismo de cierre social, sino que también otorgan ventajas simbólicas, culturales y sociales que se traducen en beneficios a lo largo de su trayectoria laboral.
Elite parlamentaria e instituciones informales en Chile. Nepotismo y clientelismo como formas de sustento del poder
Authors: Barozet Emmanuelle , Espinoza Vicente , Ulloa Valentina
Published: September 2020

En 2015, escándalos vinculados al financiamiento de partidos en Chile motivaron una amplia reforma legislativa destinada a mejorar la competencia política. Mostramos que, a pesar de estas transformaciones institucionales, la elite parlamentaria mantiene prácticas informales que sustentan su reproducción en el poder, adaptándose a las nuevas condiciones institucionales. Usamos datos biográficos de congresistas (1990 a 2018), así como información original de entrevistas a autoridades políticas y expertos entre 2016 y 2018 en varias regiones del país. Una creciente pero moderada diversificación de la elite parlamentaria no ha hecho retroceder prácticas orientadas a la cooptación de recursos públicos: cumplen con un rol de coordinación en un entorno de baja confianza, pero también responden a oportunidades de control en un momento de fuerte incertidumbre electoral. In fine, estas prácticas redundan en un mayor control de la élite parlamentaria hacia el terreno regional y local, a pesar de las intenciones de las reformas.
Los empresarios en la política en Uruguay en tiempos de cambio: reconversión y renovación de las elites políticas (2000-2015)
Authors: Serna Miguel , Bottinelli Eduardo
Published: September 2020

El trabajo buscar identificar las modalidades de reclutamiento y tipos de dirigentes políticos provenientes del campo empresarial en Uruguay. Se propone estudiar desde la perspectiva de la sociología política la participación de los empresarios en el campo político mediante un análisis multivariado factorial de correspondencias. El análisis se basa en un estudio de trayectorias biográficas de 375 parlamentarios y miembros de gabinete de gobierno a nivel nacional entre los años 2000 y 2015. En la participación de empresarios en Uruguay, dos perfiles aparecen como relevantes. Uno dominante, más tradicional, los políticos empresarios que provienen de la categoría de los productores rurales de corte rentista, que se presentan y aspiran a dedicarse a la política como vocación. Por otro lado, aparecen los empresarios políticos, un perfil de políticos que se presentan como empresarios asociados a categorías manageriales de gestión y dirección de empresas, empresarios modernos y urbanos.
A closer look at the sociological perspective of Alejandro Portes
Authors: Portes Alejandro
Published: September 2020

Alejandro Portes ocupa la cátedra Howard Garrison y Grabiel S. Beck de la Universidad de Princeton (emérito) y es profesor distinguido de la Universidad de Miami. Sus investigaciones más recientes se ocupan de la integración de los inmigrantes de segunda generación, las organizaciones transnacionales de inmigrantes, la urbanización y el desarrollo en perspectiva comparada. En el año 2019 recibió el Premio Princesa de Asturias de Ciencias Sociales. Esta entrevista refleja el punto de vista del autor en asuntos fundamentales de la investigación y la práctica sociológicas. La primera parte comienza con una descripción de la trayectoria biográfica y profesional. La segunda parte realiza un análisis de la perspectiva utilizada en sus trabajos de investigación. La tercera parte se dedica a discutir aspectos centrales en la sociología, entre ellos, el papel de los conceptos y la teoría, la interdisciplinariedad, la sociología aplicada y el propósito general de la sociología como disciplina.
Democracias en cuarentena: respuestas políticas a COVID-19 y el futuro de la democracia
Authors: Barbeito Iglesias Roberto Luciano , Iglesias Alonso Ángel Hermilio
Published: September 2020

Esta aportación examina, primero, las políticas desplegadas por gobiernos centrales de todo el mundo durante el primer brote epidémico de COVID-19, en particular su grado de severidad, y lo pone en relación con la clase y calidad de los regímenes políticos de esos países. De acuerdo con el método seguido, la principal conclusión es que no hay correspondencia clara entre el régimen político y el rigor de las medidas adoptadas. En segundo lugar, el texto reflexiona sobre algunos efectos previsibles que la lucha contra COVID-19 puede provocar en la democracia representativa e incluye asimismo un sumarísimo alegato a favor de prácticas democráticas innovadoras que, mediante procedimientos estocásticos, estimulen procesos de decisión colectiva bien informados y vinculantes. Se sostiene que tales prácticas, desplegadas en niveles locales, podrían generar comunidades ciudadanas autoorganizadas idóneas para afrontar futuros brotes pandémicosde manera más ágil, eficaz y equitativa.
La COVID-19 evidencia problemas de la realidad social del trabajo
Authors: García Calavia Miguel Ángel
Published: September 2020

La crisis sanitaria ha puesto otra vez de manifiesto problemas como la vulnerabilidad del empleo, escaso reconocimiento de profesiones relacionadas con la salud y los cuidados de las personas, limitaciones en determinadas formas de organizar los trabajos y los servicios sanitarios. Aprovechando la información disponible se reflexiona sobre estos problemas pre-existentes a la crisis sanitaria, pero que durante la misma se ha visualizado mucho más. En esta reflexión, se discuten algunas de las explicaciones que existen. Finalmente, se extraen/ se derivan/ tareas académicas para una etapa post crisis.
¿Importa la cultura durante una pandemia? Una aproximación a la crisis española de la COVID-19
Authors: Bruna Fernando , Massó Lago Matilde , Neira Isabel
Published: September 2020

La cultura, como conjunto de creencias, valores y normas predominantes en una sociedad, ejerce un papel central en distintos fenómenos asociados a una pandemia. En este artículo analizamos un conjunto de indicadores culturales que influyen en la definición y seguimiento de las normas de higiene, distanciamiento físico y confinamiento. Los principales resultados apuntan a que los españoles tienen bajos niveles de confianza en los demás, pero altos niveles en el valor de conformidad. Ello abre una agenda de investigación sobre la forma en la cual estas creencias y valores, y su agregación en normas sociales de naturaleza cultural, propician distintos modelos de políticas públicas para hacer frente a la crisis sanitaria, la aceptación social de estas políticas y su efectividad.
Lecciones aprendidas de la crisis del coronavirus: preparación y resiliencia social
Authors: Oltra Christian , Boso Àlex
Published: September 2020

La crisis del coronavirus ha supuesto una prueba de estrés inesperada para nuestras sociedades. Incrementar la resiliencia social frente a riesgos existenciales futuros -desde nuevos patógenos hasta asteroides o cambios en el clima- debe ser, junto a la mitigación de estos, uno de los principales objetivos tras la superación de esta pandemia. En este artículo, repasamos algunas cuestiones relacionadas con la vulnerabilidad y la preparación de las sociedades frente al riesgo natural y, en concreto, frente a la crisis del coronavirus tales como la capacidad de respuesta gubernamental y social ante la crisis, la comunicación del riesgo o el liderazgo. El artículo pretende contribuir a fomentar la reflexión, el análisis y el debate futuro en torno a la preparación frente al riesgo natural.
Tuberculosis musculoesquelética que imita neoplasia de tejidos blandos: A propósito de dos casos
Authors: Patiño-Niño Jaime A. , Aristizabal-Henao Carolina , Restrepo-Cedeño Alejandro , Perez Paola M.
Published: September 2020

La tuberculosis (TB) es una de las enfermedades infecciosas con mayor carga de morbimortalidad a nivel mundial, la presentación pulmonar es la forma más común, sin embargo, las manifestaciones extrapulmonares, especialmente las osteoarticulares, pueden ser difíciles de diagnosticar debido a sus síntomas inespecíficos sugestivos de otras entidades como neoplasias o enfermedades infiltrativas, lo que hace de su diagnóstico un reto clínico. Está enfermedad esta asociada a múltiples factores de riesgo como inmunosupresión, contacto cercano con pacientes con tuberculosis, hacinamiento, residir en zona endémica, entre otros. A continuación, se presentan dos casos de pacientes pediátricos sin compromiso inmune que cursaron con cuadros sugestivos de neoplasias musculoesqueleticas, con hallazgos imagenológicos congruentes, pero con estudios microbiológicos positivos para TB.