bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Occurrence of Vibrionaceae, Staphylococcaceae, and Enterobacteriaceae in Green Turtle Chelonia mydas Rearing Seawater
Authors: Chuen-Im Thanaporn , Suriyant Dolaphum , Sawetsuwannakun Koraphan , Kitkumthorn Nakarin
Published: July 2019

In this study, levels of Vibrionaceae, Staphylococcaceae, and Enterobacteriaceae were observed in seawater from juvenile green turtle Chelonia mydas rearing tanks and in the incoming coastal seawater (the water supply). Bacterial loads were compared between the incoming coastal seawater and two different rearing conditions: in cement tanks at a low stocking density and in fiberglass tanks at a high stocking density. The total bacterial counts in seawater from fiberglass tanks were statistically greater than those in cement tanks. The nonlactose and lactose fermenting enterobacteria, tellurite-reducing bacteria, and total plate counts in water from all rearing containers were greater than those in coastal seaweater by a logarithmic fold change of 2–-3. Differences in bacterial population structure of the incoming coastal seawater and rearing water were also addressed. The results from biochemical identification of 344 isolates revealed that the bacteria that were commonly found in water samples were Citrobacter spp., Enterobacteria spp., Edwardsiella spp., Staphylococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Photobacterium spp., Vibrio alginolyticus, and Vibrio spp. Conclusively, the microbiological monitoring of rearing water provides important and essential information on the management of aquatic animal health and husbandry.
When You Can't Walk a Mile: Walking Limitation Prevalence and Associations Among Middle‐Aged and Older US Adults with Arthritis: A Cross‐Sectional, Population‐Based Study
Authors: Theis K. A. , Murphy L. B. , Baker N. A. , Hootman J. M.
Published: July 2019

Objective

We examined walking limitations and associated characteristics among middle‐aged and older US adults with arthritis, overall, and by sex.

Methods

Using 2005‐2006 Arthritis Conditions and Health Effects Survey (ACHES) data (n = 1793), we estimated “a lot” and “any” (“a lot” or “a little” combined) walking limitation for more than 1 mile (1.6 km) among US adults 45 years or older with arthritis and examined associations (sociodemographics, arthritis symptoms and effects, psychosocial measures, and physical health) with walking limitations in unadjusted and multivariable (MV) adjusted logistic regression models using prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals, accounting for the complex survey design.

Results

Respondents frequently reported “a lot” (48%) and “any” (72%) limitation for more than 1 mile. Women reported higher prevalence of all levels of walking limitation versus men (eg, 51% vs 42% for “a lot” overall); additionally, the gap for walking limitations between women and men widened with age. Limitation was high for both sexes at all ages, affecting 1‐in‐3 to 4‐in‐5, depending on level of walking limitation. The strongest MV associations for “a lot” of walking limitation among all respondents included substantial and modest arthritis‐attributable life interference (PR = 2.5 and 1.6, respectively), age 75 years or older (PR = 1.5), and physical inactivity and fair/poor self‐rated health (PR = 1.4 for both).

Conclusion

Walking limitations among middle‐aged and older adults are substantial. Existing proven interventions that improve walking ability and physical function may help this population to reduce and delay disability.
Silk Hydrogels Crosslinked by the Fenton Reaction
Authors: Choi Jaewon , McGill Meghan , Raia Nicole R. , Hasturk Onur , Kaplan David L.
Published: July 2019

Here, the Fenton reaction is used to prepare silk hydrogels through oxidation of tyrosine residues in silk fibroin, leading to dityrosine crosslinking. At pH 5.7, gelation occurs rapidly within 30 s, and the resultant opaque gels show soft properties with a storage modulus of ≈100 Pa. The addition of ascorbic acid to the Fenton reaction increases the dityrosine bonds in the hydrogels but has little effect on the rheological or mechanical properties. The results indicate that Fe(III) ions significantly interacted with silk fibroin during the Fenton reaction, most likely binding to sites such as tyrosine, glutamate, and aspartate residues, triggering the formation of β‐sheet structures that may impede dityrosine bond formation due to steric hindrance. The use of an iron chelator or the operation of the Fenton reaction at pH 9.2 enables control over the interaction of Fe(III) ions with silk fibroin, achieving a hydrogel with improved optical properties and enhanced dityrosine bond formation. Hydrogels prepared by the Fenton reaction are cytocompatible as L929 mouse fibroblasts remain viable and are proliferative when seeded on the hydrogels. The results offer a useful approach to generate chemically crosslinked silk fibroin hydrogels without the use of enzyme‐catalyzed reactions for biomedical applications.
A Small‐Molecule “Charge Driver” enables Perovskite Quantum Dot Solar Cells with Efficiency Approaching 13%
Authors: Xue Jingjing , Wang Rui , Chen Lan , Nuryyeva Selbi , Han Tae‐Hee , Huang Tianyi , Tan Shaun , Zhu Jiahui , Wang Minhuan , Wang Zhao‐Kui , Zhang Chunfeng , Lee Jin‐Wook , Yang Yang
Published: July 2019

Halide perovskite colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) have recently emerged as a promising candidate for CQD photovoltaics due to their superior optoelectronic properties to conventional chalcogenides CQDs. However, the low charge separation efficiency due to quantum confinement still remains a critical obstacle toward higher‐performance perovskite CQD photovoltaics. Available strategies employed in the conventional CQD devices to enhance the carrier separation, such as the design of type‐Ⅱ core–shell structure and versatile surface modification to tune the electronic properties, are still not applicable to the perovskite CQD system owing to the difficulty in modulating surface ligands and structural integrity. Herein, a facile strategy that takes advantage of conjugated small molecules that provide an additional driving force for effective charge separation in perovskite CQD solar cells is developed. The resulting perovskite CQD solar cell shows a power conversion efficiency approaching 13% with an open‐circuit voltage of 1.10 V, short‐circuit current density of 15.4 mA cm−2, and fill factor of 74.8%, demonstrating the strong potential of this strategy toward achieving high‐performance perovskite CQD solar cells.
3D Printing of Freestanding MXene Architectures for Current‐Collector‐Free Supercapacitors
Authors: Yang Wenji , Yang Jie , Byun Jae Jong , Moissinac Francis P. , Xu Jiaqi , Haigh Sarah J. , Domingos Marco , Bissett Mark A. , Dryfe Robert A. W. , Barg Suelen
Published: July 2019

Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies appear as a paradigm for scalable manufacture of electrochemical energy storage (EES) devices, where complex 3D architectures are typically required but are hard to achieve using conventional techniques. The combination of these technologies and innovative material formulations that maximize surface area accessibility and ion transport within electrodes while minimizing space are of growing interest. Herein, aqueous inks composed of atomically thin (1–3 nm) 2D Ti3C2Tx
with large lateral size of about 8 µm possessing ideal viscoelastic properties are formulated for extrusion‐based 3D printing of freestanding, high specific surface area architectures to determine the viability of manufacturing energy storage devices. The 3D‐printed device achieves a high areal capacitance of 2.1 F cm−2 at 1.7 mA cm−2 and a gravimetric capacitance of 242.5 F g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 with a retention of above 90% capacitance for 10 000 cycles. It also exhibits a high energy density of 0.0244 mWh cm−2 and a power density of 0.64 mW cm−2 at 4.3 mA cm−2. It is anticipated that the sustainable printing and design approach developed in this work can be applied to fabricate high‐performance bespoke multiscale and multidimensional architectures of functional and structural materials for integrated devices in various applications.
Molecular Design Strategies for Electrochemical Behavior of Aromatic Carbonyl Compounds in Organic and Aqueous Electrolytes
Authors: Peng Huiling , Yu Qianchuan , Wang Shengping , Kim Jeonghun , Rowan Alan E. , Nanjundan Ashok Kumar , Yamauchi Yusuke , Yu Jingxian
Published: July 2019

To sustainably satisfy the growing demand for energy, organic carbonyl compounds (OCCs) are being widely studied as electrode active materials for batteries owing to their high capacity, flexible structure, low cost, environmental friendliness, renewability, and universal applicability. However, their high solubility in electrolytes, limited active sites, and low conductivity are obstacles in increasing their usage. Here, the nucleophilic addition reaction of aromatic carbonyl compounds (ACCs) is first used to explain the electrochemical behavior of carbonyl compounds during charge–discharge, and the relationship of the molecular structure and electrochemical properties of ACCs are discussed. Strategies for molecular structure modifications to improve the performance of ACCs, i.e., the capacity density, cycle life, rate performance, and voltage of the discharge platform, are also elaborated. ACCs, as electrode active materials in aqueous solutions, will become a future research hotspot. ACCs will inevitably become sustainable green materials for batteries with high capacity density and high power density.
Ultrafast Recovery of Uranium from Seawater by Bacillus velezensis Strain UUS‐1 with Innate Anti‐Biofouling Activity
Authors: Yuan Yihui , Yu Qiuhan , Yang Shuo , Wen Jun , Guo Zhanhu , Wang Xiaolin , Wang Ning
Published: July 2019

Highly‐efficient recovery of uranium from seawater is of great concern in the growing demand for nuclear energy. Bacteria are thought to be potential alternatives for uranium recovery. Herein, a Bacillus velezensis strain, UUS‐1, with highly‐efficient uranium immobilization capacity is isolated and is used in the recovery of uranium from seawater. The strain exhibits time‐dependent uranium recovery capacity and only immobilizes uranium after growing for 12 h. The carboxyl group together with the amino group inside the bacterial cells, but not previously identified phosphate group, are essential for uranium immobilization. UUS‐1 shows broad‐spectrum antimicrobial activity by producing diverse antimicrobial metabolites, which endows the strain with innate resistance to the biofouling of marine microorganisms. Based on the dry weight of the initially used bacterial cultures, UUS‐1 concentrates uranium by 6.26 × 105 times and reaches the high immobilization capacity of 9.46 ± 0.39 mg U g−1 bacterial cultures in real seawater within 48 h, which is the fastest uranium immobilization capacity observed from real seawater. Overall considering the ultrafast and highly‐efficient uranium recovery capacity and the innate anti‐biofouling activity, UUS‐1 is a promising alternative for uranium recovery from seawater.
Multifunctional Sensor Based on Translational‐Rotary Triboelectric Nanogenerator
Authors: Wu Zhiyi , Zhang Binbin , Zou Haiyang , Lin Zhiming , Liu Guanlin , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: July 2019

Triboelectric nanogenerators with a large number of desirable advantages, such as flexibility, light weight, and easy integration, are unique for sensor design. In this paper, based on the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), a cylindrical self‐powered multifunctional sensor (MS) with a translational‐rotary magnetic mechanism is proposed, which has the capacity to detect acceleration, force, and rotational parameters. The MS can transform a translational motion into a swing motion or a multicircle rotational motion of a low damping magnetic cylinder around a friction layer and hence drives the TENG to generate voltages output. For enhancing the output performance of the TENG, an electrode material with small work function, low resistance, and suitable surface topography is the best choice. According to the structure characteristic of the translational‐rotary magnetic mechanism, the MS can easily respond to a weak striking and can be used to measure the rotational parameters without the need of coaxial installation. Based on the MS, some applications are established, for example measuring the punch acceleration of a boxer, the hitting force and swing angle of golf club, which demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of the MS and exhibit that the MS could find applications in sports.
Machine learning‐based predictive control of nonlinear processes. Part I: Theory
Authors: Wu Zhe , Tran Anh , Rincon David , Christofides Panagiotis D.
Published: July 2019

This article focuses on the design of model predictive control (MPC) systems for nonlinear processes that utilize an ensemble of recurrent neural network (RNN) models to predict nonlinear dynamics. Specifically, RNN models are initially developed based on a data set generated from extensive open‐loop simulations within a desired process operation region to capture process dynamics with a sufficiently small modeling error between the RNN model and the actual nonlinear process model. Subsequently, Lyapunov‐based MPC (LMPC) that utilizes RNN models as the prediction model is developed to achieve closed‐loop state boundedness and convergence to the origin. Additionally, machine learning ensemble regression modeling tools are employed in the formulation of LMPC to improve prediction accuracy of RNN models and overall closed‐loop performance while parallel computing is utilized to reduce computation time. Computational implementation of the method and application to a chemical reactor example is discussed in the second article of this series.
Water slug injection containingnpolymers in porous media
Authors: de Paula Anália S. , de O. Apolinário Felipe , Pires Adolfo P.
Published: July 2019

Injection of water containing dissolved chemicals is an efficient oil recovery technique. One of the problems of this method is the loss of the chemical components due to interactions between rock and fluid. In polymer injection, adsorption may happen and lead to low process efficiency. The interaction between rock and fluid is governed by the adsorption isotherm, which relates the polymer concentration in water with the adsorbed amount on the rock. In this paper the problem of oil displacement by a water slug containingnchemical components that may be adsorbed is analyzed. The system of conservation laws is solved and the structure of the solution for the case of Henry's adsorption isotherm is completely described. The concentration profile of each component and the chromatographic cycle is calculated through simple expressions. The complete and detailed solution for the case of slug injection containing three chemical components is presented. The general solution developed can be used to model several Enhanced Oil Recovery techniques, in which the chemical components adsorb in porous media following Henry's adsorption isotherm.
Phosphine‐Catalyzed [3+2] Cycloaddition and Vinylation of Indole‐Derived α,α‐Dicyanoolefins with γ‐Substituted Allenoates
Authors: Yuan Chang , Tan Hao , Jiang Xue‐Fei , Liu Si , Jiang Lu , Cao Qi‐Ying , Xu Xing‐Jie , Deng Xiao‐Yan , Pan Guan‐Nan , Chen Jian‐Yang , Cui Hai‐Lei
Published: July 2019

A phosphine‐catalyzed [3+2] cycloaddition of γ‐substituted allenoates with α,α‐dicyanoolefins has been established, affording indole‐incorporated highly functionalized cyclopentenes. In addition, the vinylation of indole‐derived α,α‐dicyanoolefins has also been realized under the same reaction conditions by switching to indole‐derived α,α‐dicyanoolefins without protective group at N‐1 position.
Increased Immune Activation by Pathologic α‐Synuclein in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Grozdanov Veselin , Bousset Luc , Hoffmeister Meike , Bliederhaeuser Corinna , Meier Christoph , Madiona Karine , Pieri Laura , Kiechle Martin , McLean Pamela J. , Kassubek Jan , Behrends Christian , Ludolph Albert C. , Weishaupt Jochen H. , Melki Ronald , Danzer Karin M.
Published: July 2019

Objective

Excessive inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS) and the periphery can result in neurodegeneration and parkinsonism. Recent evidence suggests that immune responses in Parkinson disease patients are dysregulated, leading to an increased inflammatory reaction to unspecific triggers. Although α‐synuclein pathology is the hallmark of Parkinson disease, it has not been investigated whether pathologic α‐synuclein is a specific trigger for excessive inflammatory responses in Parkinson disease.

Methods

We investigated the immune response of primary human monocytes and a microglial cell line to pathologic forms of α‐synuclein by assessing cytokine release upon exposure.

Results

We show that pathologic α‐synuclein (mutations, aggregation) results in a robust inflammatory activation of human monocytes and microglial BV2 cells. The activation is conformation‐ dependent, with increasing fibrillation and early onset mutations having the strongest effect on immune activation. We also found that activation of immune cells by extracellular α‐synuclein is potentiated by extracellular vesicles, possibly by facilitating the uptake of α‐synuclein. Blood extracellular vesicles from Parkinson disease patients induce a stronger activation of monocytes than blood extracellular vesicles from healthy controls. Most importantly, monocytes from Parkinson disease patients are dysregulated and hyperactive in response to stimulation with pathologic α‐synuclein. Furthermore, we demonstrate that α‐synuclein pathology in the CNS is sufficient to induce the monocyte dysregulation in the periphery of a mouse model.

Interpretation

Taken together, our data suggest that α‐synuclein pathology and dysregulation of monocytes in Parkinson disease can act together to induce excessive inflammatory responses to α‐synuclein. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:593–606
Restriction of Access to the Dark State: A New Mechanistic Model for Heteroatom‐Containing AIE Systems
Authors: Tu Yujie , Liu Junkai , Zhang Haoke , Peng Qian , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: July 2019

Restriction of intramolecular motion (RIM), as the working mechanism of aggregation‐induced emission (AIE), cannot fully explain some heteroatom‐containing systems. Now, two excited states are taken into account and a mechanism, restriction of access to dark state (RADS), is specified to elaborate RIM and complete the picture of AIE mechanism. A nitrogen‐containing molecule named APA is chosen as a model compound; its weak fluorescence in solution is ascribed to the easy access from the bright (π,π*) state to the close‐lying dark (n,π*) state. By either metal complexation or aggregation, the dark state is less accessible due to restriction of the molecular motion leading to the dark state and elevation of the dark state energy, thus the bright state emission is restored. RADS is powerful in elucidating the AIE effect of molecules with excited states favoring non‐radiative decay, including overlap‐forbidden states such as (n,π*) and CT states, spin‐forbidden triplet states, and so on.
Mechanism of the Thermal Z⇌E Isomerization of a Stable Silene; Experiment and Theory
Authors: Zborovsky Lieby , Kostenko Arseni , Bravo‐Zhivotovskii Dmitry , Apeloig Yitzhak
Published: July 2019

The E and Z geometric isomers of a stable silene (tBu2MeSi)(tBuMe2Si)Si=CH(1‐Ad) (1) were synthesized and characterized spectroscopically. The thermal Z to E isomerization of 1 was studied both experimentally and computationally using DFT methods. The measured activation parameters for the 1Z⇌1E isomerization are: Ea=24.4 kcal mol−1, ΔH≠=23.7 kcal mol−1, ΔS≠=−13.2 e.u. Based on comparison of the experimental and DFT calculated (at BP86‐D3BJ/def2‐TZVP(‐f)//BP86‐D3BJ/def2‐TZVP(‐f)) activation parameters, the Z⇌E isomerization of 1 proceeds through an unusual (unprecedented for alkenes) migration–rotation–migration mechanism (via a silylene intermediate), rather than through the classic rotation mechanism common for alkenes.
Quantitation of Femtomolar‐Level Protein Biomarkers Using a Simple Microbubbling Digital Assay and Bright‐Field Smartphone Imaging
Authors: Chen Hui , Li Zhao , Zhang Lingzhi , Sawaya Philippe , Shi Jianbo , Wang Ping
Published: July 2019

Quantitating ultra‐low concentrations of protein biomarkers is critical for early disease diagnosis and treatment. However, most current point‐of‐care (POC) assays are limited in sensitivity. Herein, we introduce an ultra‐sensitive and facile microbubbling assay for the quantification of protein biomarkers with a digital‐readout method that requires only a smartphone camera. We used machine learning to develop a smartphone application for automated image analysis to facilitate accurate and robust counting. Using this method, post‐prostatectomy surveillance of prostate specific antigen (PSA) can be achieved with a detection limit (LOD) of 2.1 fm (0.060 pg mL−1), and early pregnancy detection using βhCG can be achieved with a of 0.034 mIU mL−1 (2.84 pg mL−1). This work provides the proof‐of‐principle of the microbubbling assay with a digital readout as an ultra‐sensitive technology with minimal requirement for power and accessories, facilitating future POC applications.
One‐pot green synthesis of Cu/bone nanocomposite and its catalytic activity in the synthesis of 1‐substituted 1H‐1,2,3,4‐tetrazoles and reduction of hazardous pollutants
Authors: Maham Mehdi , Nasrollahzadeh Mahmoud
Published: July 2019

In this work, a simple and green method is reported for the biosynthesis of Cu/bone nanocomposite using Cordyline fruticosa extract as a stabilizer and reductant. Animal bone was used as a natural support to prevent the accumulation of Cu nanoparticles. The catalytic activity of Cu/bone nanocomposite was assessed in the synthesis of 1‐substituted 1H‐1,2,3,4‐tetrazoles and reduction of various organic dyes, including 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP), nigrosin (NS), congo red (CR) and methylene blue (MB). The best catalytic performance in the synthesis of 1‐substituted tetrazoles was achieved using 0.05 g of Cu/bone nanocomposite at 120°C. In addition, under optimal conditions, the absorption bands corresponding to 4‐NP, CR, NS and MB completely disappeared after about 6 min, 3 min, 50 s and 7 s, respectively. The biosynthesis protocol used in the preparation of Cu/bone nanocomposite offers a very attractive area for further research.
Synthesis and characterization of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite and its catalytic behavior towards synthesis of 3,4‐disubstituted isoxazole‐5(4H)‐ones in water
Authors: Maleki Behrooz , Chahkandi Mohammad , Tayebee Reza , Kahrobaei Sepideh , Alinezhad Heshmatollah , Hemmati Saba
Published: July 2019

In the present work, the nanocrystalline particles of hydroxyapatite (HAp) using an easy alkoxide‐based sol–gel technique including triethyl phosphate [PO (OC2H5)3] and Ca (NO3)2·4H2O as P and Ca precursors have been synthesized. The sample characterization was performed by X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform‐infrared analysis, scanning electron microscopy, thermal analysis (thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis), and elemental analysis of energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis. It is interesting that single phase of HAp was obtained at a low firing temperature of 500°C. Modified Scherrer equation as the Williamson−Hall method was applied for the measurement of crystallite size distributions and micro‐strain of the sample. The determined crystallite size by complementary technique of transmission electron microscopy has good consistency with those obtained from the Scherrer formula. Moreover, we reported the one‐pot synthesis of 3,4‐disubstituted isoxazole‐5(4H)‐ones through the aqueous solution reaction of three components of ethyl acetoacetate, hydroxylamine hydrochloride and various aromatic aldehydes at room temperature. This protocol offers several advantages, including a simple work‐up procedure, very short reaction times (under 25 min), in accordance with the principles of green chemistry, recyclability, excellent yields (87–98%) and environmentally friendly.
Abatacept in Early Diffuse Cutaneous Systemic Sclerosis: Results of a Phase II Investigator‐Initiated, Multicenter, Double‐Blind, Randomized, Placebo‐Controlled Trial
Authors: Khanna Dinesh , Spino Cathie , Johnson Sindhu , Chung Lorinda , Whitfield Michael L. , Denton Christopher P. , Berrocal Veronica , Franks Jennifer , Mehta Bhavan , Molitor Jerry , Steen Virginia D. , Lafyatis Robert , Simms Robert W. , Gill Anna , Kafaja Suzanne , Frech Tracy M. , Hsu Vivien , Domsic Robyn T. , Pope Janet E. , Gordon Jessica K. , Mayes Maureen D. , Schiopu Elena , Young Amber , Sandorfi Nora , Park Jane , Hant Faye N. , Bernstein Elana J. , Chatterjee Soumya , Castelino Flavia V. , Ajam Ali , Wang Yue , Wood Tammara , Allanore Yannick , Matucci‐Cerinic Marco , Distler Oliver , Singer Ora , Bush Erica , Fox David A. , Furst Daniel E.
Published: July 2019

Objective

T cells play a key role in the pathogenesis of early systemic sclerosis. This study was undertaken to assess the safety and efficacy of abatacept in patients with diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis (dcSSc).

Methods

In this 12‐month, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial, participants were randomized 1:1 to receive either subcutaneous abatacept 125 mg or matching placebo, stratified by duration of dcSSc. Escape therapy was allowed at 6 months for worsening disease. The coprimary end points were change in the modified Rodnan skin thickness score (MRSS) compared to baseline and safety over 12 months. Differences in longitudinal outcomes were assessed according to treatment using linear mixed models, with outcomes censored after initiation of escape therapy. Skin tissue obtained from participants at baseline was classified into intrinsic gene expression subsets.

Results

Among 88 participants, the adjusted mean change in the MRSS at 12 months was −6.24 units for those receiving abatacept and −4.49 units for those receiving placebo, with an adjusted mean treatment difference of −1.75 units (P = 0.28). Outcomes for 2 secondary measures (Health Assessment Questionnaire disability index and a composite measure) were clinically and statistically significantly better with abatacept. The proportion of subjects in whom escape therapy was needed was higher in the placebo group relative to the abatacept group (36% versus 16%). In the inflammatory and normal‐like skin gene expression subsets, decline in the MRSS over 12 months was clinically and significantly greater in the abatacept group versus the placebo group (P < 0.001 and P = 0.03, respectively). In the abatacept group, adverse events occurred in 35 participants versus 40 participants in the placebo group, including 2 deaths and 1 death, respectively.

Conclusion

In this phase II trial, abatacept was well‐tolerated, but change in the MRSS was not statistically significant. Secondary outcome measures, including gene expression subsets, showed evidence in support of abatacept. These data should be confirmed in a phase III trial.
Continuous precipitation for monoclonal antibody capture using countercurrent washing by microfiltration
Authors: Li Zhao , Gu Qin , Coffman Jonathan L. , Przybycien Todd , Zydney Andrew L.
Published: July 2019

There is renewed interest in the possibility of using precipitation for initial capture of high‐value therapeutic proteins as part of an integrated continuous downstream process. Precipitation is greatly facilitated by the high product titers now achieved in most cell culture processes, in sharp contrast to chromatographic processes whose performance is reduced at high titers. The current study used a combination of reversible cross‐linking (zinc chloride, ZnCl2) and volume exclusion (polyethylene glycol) agents to precipitate a monoclonal antibody product directly from harvested cell culture fluid using a continuous tubular precipitation reactor. The precipitates were then dewatered and continuously washed using tangential flow filtration, with a countercurrent‐staged configuration used to reduce the amount of wash buffer required and increase host cell protein removal. Long‐term operation was achieved by operating the membrane modules below the critical filtrate flux to avoid fouling. Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of this fully continuous integrated precipitation process at bench scale, with design calculations used to explore the key factors affecting the performance of this system for initial antibody capture.
Persistent Room‐Temperature Radicals from Anionic Naphthalimides: Spin Pairing and Supramolecular Chemistry
Authors: Huang Wenhuan , Chen Biao , Zhang Guoqing
Published: July 2019

N‐Substituted naphthalimides (NNIs) have been shown to exhibit highly efficient and persistent room‐temperature phosphorescence from an NNI‐localized triplet excited state, when the N‐substitution is a sufficiently strong donor and mediates an intramolecular charge‐transfer (ICT) state upon photo‐excitation. This work shows that, when the electron‐donating ability of the N‐substitution is further increased in the presence of a carbanion or phenoxide, spontaneous electron transfer (ET) occurs and results in radical anions, verified with electron‐paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. However, the EPR‐active anion is surprisingly persistent and impervious to nucleophilic and radical reactions under anionic conditions. The stability is thought to originate from an intramolecular spin pairing between the N‐donor and the NI acceptor post ET, which is demonstrated in supramolecular chemistry.
Crystalline Anionic Germanate Covalent Organic Framework for High CO2 Selectivity and Fast Li Ion Conduction
Authors: Ashraf Shumaila , Zuo Yiming , Li Shuai , Liu Caixia , Wang Hang , Feng Xiao , Li Pengfei , Wang Bo
Published: July 2019

The metalloid‐centered covalent organic framework has attracted great interest from both its structure and application. Heavier elements have seldomly been incorporated in the covalent organic frameworks, even if they exhibit special structural features and properties. Herein, we reported the first crystalline germanate covalent organic framework with hexacoordinated germanate linked by an anthracene linker. The existence of counterion lithium ions in the framework provides a high CO2 uptake of 88.5 cm3 g−1 at 273 K and a high CO2/N2 selectivity of 101. A significantly improved lithium ion conductivity of 0.25 mS cm−1 at room temperature was observed due to the soft germanium center.
A Potts‐mixture spatiotemporal joint model for combined magnetoencephalography and electroencephalography data
Authors: Song Yin , Nathoo Farouk , Babul Arif
Published: July 2019

Abstract

We develop a new methodology for determining the location and dynamics of brain activity from combined magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG) data. The resulting inverse problem is ill‐posed and is one of the most difficult problems in neuroimaging data analysis. In our development we propose a solution that combines the data from three different modalities, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), MEG and EEG, together. We propose a new Bayesian spatial finite mixture model that builds on the mesostate‐space model developed by Daunizeau & Friston [Daunizeau and Friston, NeuroImage 2007; 38, 67–81]. Our new model incorporates two major extensions: (i) We combine EEG and MEG data together and formulate a joint model for dealing with the two modalities simultaneously; (ii) we incorporate the Potts model to represent the spatial dependence in an allocation process that partitions the cortical surface into a small number of latent states termed mesostates. The cortical surface is obtained from MRI. We formulate the new spatiotemporal model and derive an efficient procedure for simultaneous point estimation and model selection based on the iterated conditional modes algorithm combined with local polynomial smoothing. The proposed method results in a novel estimator for the number of mixture components and is able to select active brain regions, which correspond to active variables in a high‐dimensional dynamic linear model. The methodology is investigated using synthetic data and simulation studies and then demonstrated on an application examining the neural response to the perception of scrambled faces. R software implementing the methodology along with several sample datasets are available at the following GitHub repository https://github.com/v2south/PottsMix. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 47: 688–711; 2019 © 2019 Statistical Society of Canada
Tyrosine hydroxylase immunolabeling reveals the distribution of catecholaminergic neurons in the central nervous systems of the spiders Hogna lenta (Araneae: Lycosidae) and Phidippus regius (Araneae: Salticidae)
Authors: Auletta Anthony , Rue Mara C. P. , Harley Cynthia M. , Mesce Karen A.
Published: July 2019

With over 48,000 species currently described, spiders (Arthropoda: Chelicerata: Araneae) comprise one of the most diverse groups of animals on our planet, and exhibit an equally wide array of fascinating behaviors. Studies of central nervous systems (CNSs) in spiders, however, are relatively sparse, and no reports have yet characterized catecholaminergic (dopamine [DA]‐ or norepinephrine‐synthesizing) neurons in any spider species. Because these neuromodulators are especially important for sensory and motor processing across animal taxa, we embarked on a study to identify catecholaminergic neurons in the CNS of the wolf spider Hogna lenta (Lycosidae) and the jumping spider Phidippus regius (Salticidae). These neurons were most effectively labeled with an antiserum raised against tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate‐limiting enzyme in catecholamine synthesis. We found extensive catecholamine‐rich neuronal fibers in the first‐ and second‐order optic neuropils of the supraesophageal mass (brain), as well as in the arcuate body, a region of the brain thought to receive visual input and which may be involved in higher order sensorimotor integration. This structure likely shares evolutionary origins with the DA‐enriched central complex of the Mandibulata. In the subesophageal mass, we detected an extensive filigree of TH‐immunoreactive (TH‐ir) arborizations in the appendage neuromeres, as well as three prominent plurisegmental fiber tracts. A vast abundance of TH‐ir somata were located in the opisthosomal neuromeres, the largest of which appeared to project to the brain and decorate the appendage neuromeres. Our study underscores the important roles that the catecholamines likely play in modulating spider vision, higher order sensorimotor processing, and motor patterning.
Application health monitoring for extreme‐scale resiliency using cooperative fault management
Authors: Agarwal Pratul K. , Naughton Thomas , Park Byung H. , Bernholdt David E. , Hursey Joshua J. , Geist Al
Published: July 2019

Resiliency is and will be a critical factor in determining scientific productivity on current and exascale supercomputers, and beyond. Applications oblivious to and incapable of handling transient soft and hard errors could waste supercomputing resources or, worse, yield misleading scientific insights. We introduce a novel application‐driven silent error detection and recovery strategy based on application health monitoring. Our methodology uses application output that follows known patterns, as indicators of an application's health and knowledge that violation of these patterns could be indication of faults. Information from system monitors that report hardware and software health status is used to corroborate faults. Collectively, this information is used by a fault coordinator agent to take preventive and corrective measures by applying computational steering to an application between checkpoints. This cooperative fault management system uses the Fault Tolerance Backplane as a communication channel. The benefits of this framework are demonstrated with two real application case studies, molecular dynamics, and quantum chemistry simulations, on scalable clusters with simulated memory and I/O corruptions. The developed approach is general and can be easily applied to other applications.
Corrosion resistance of coupled sandblasted, large‐grit, acid‐etched (SLA) and anodized Ti implant surfaces in synthetic saliva
Authors: Al Otaibi Ala'a , Sherif El‐Sayed M. , Al‐Rifaiy Mohammed Q. , Zinelis Spiros , Al Jabbari Youssef S.
Published: July 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the corrosion resistance of galvanically coupled SLA and anodized implant surfaces with a Co‐Cr alloy.

Materials and Methods

Three groups were included in this study. The first (SLA) was composed of SLA implants (Institut Straumann, Basel, Switzerland), the second (ANO) of NobelReplace® (Nobel Biocare, Göteborg, Sweden), and the third (MIX) of both implant systems combined. All groups were assembled with a single Co‐Cr superstructure. Electrochemical testing included open‐circuit potential, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic potentiodynamic polarization, and chronoamperometric current‐time measurements. The quantitative results (EOCP, ECORR, ICORR, EPROT, RP, and ICA) were statistically analyzed by one‐way ANOVA and Tukey's post‐hoc multiple comparison test (α = 0.05)

Results

All the aforementioned parameters showed statistically significant differences apart from ECORR and EPROT. The evaluation of qualitative and quantitative results showed that although SLA had higher corrosion resistance compared with ANO, it had less resistance to pitting corrosion. This means that SLA showed increased resistance to uniform corrosion but less resistance if pitting corrosion was initiated. In all cases, MIX showed intermediate behavior.

Conclusion

The corrosion resistance of implant‐retained superstructures is dependent on the electrochemical properties of the implants involved, and thus different degrees of intraoral corrosion resistance among different implant systems are anticipated.
Social trust and corporate social responsibility: Evidence from China
Authors: Chen Xiangyu , Wan Peng
Published: July 2019

Based on neo‐institutional theory, this paper examines whether social trust can influence corporate social responsibility (CSR). Using a sample of 4,209 observations selected from 788 firms listed in China between 2008 and 2015 and adopting an ordinary least square regression, we provide strong empirical evidence showing that social trust is positively associated with CSR. The result supports the view that social trust, as a kind of socially normative force, helps corporate managers safeguard stakeholders' interests by engaging in socially responsible activities. Our result holds after applying a series of robustness tests. We further find the positive relationship between social trust and CSR is more pronounced for state‐owned companies. This paper is one of the first to focus on and examine the relationship between social trust and CSR, and the findings contribute to our understanding of the determinants of CSR and highlight the influential role of social trust in improving CSR.
Crohn's disease is facilitated by a disturbance of programmed death‐1 ligand 2 on blood dendritic cells
Authors: Faleiro Rebecca , Liu Ji , Karunarathne Deshapriya , Edmundson Aleksandra , Winterford Clay , Nguyen Tam Hong , Simms Lisa A , Radford‐Smith Graham , Wykes Michelle
Published: July 2019

Objective

Crohn's disease (CD) is characterised by inflammation, predominantly associated with ilea. To investigate the basis for this inflammation in patients with CD, we examined dendritic cells (DC) which are pivotal for maintenance of immunological tolerance in the gut.

Methods

Ileal biopsies and blood DCs from CD patients and controls were examined by microscopy and flow cytometry for PD‐L1 and PD‐L2 expression, as PD‐L1 has been implicated in colitis but the contribution of PD‐L2 is less clear. In vitro studies, of blood samples from CD patients, were used to demonstrate a functional role for PD‐L2 in disease pathogenesis.

Results

Quantitative microscopy of CD11c+ DCs in inflamed and noninflamed ilea from CD patient showed > 75% loss of these cells from the villi, lamina propria and Peyer's patches compared with non‐CD controls. Given this loss of DCs from ilia of CD patients, we hypothesised DCs may have migrated to the blood as these patients can have extra‐intestinal symptoms. We thus examined blood DCs from CD patients by flow cytometry and found significant increases in PD‐L1 and PD‐L2 expression compared with control samples. Microscopy revealed an aggregated form of PD‐L2 expression, known to drive Th1 immunity, in CD patients but not in controls. In vitro functional studies with PD‐L2 blockade confirmed PD‐L2 contributes significantly to the secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines known to cause disease pathogenesis.

Conclusion

Taken together, this study shows that PD‐L2 can influence the progression of CD and blockade of PD‐L2 may have therapeutic potential.
Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration biopsy of gastric schwannoma: Cytomorphologic features and diagnostic pitfalls
Authors: Chen Wanwan , Cai Guoping
Published: July 2019

Schwannoma rarely occurs in the stomach. We present a case of gastric schwannoma, which was initially evaluated by endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) biopsy and confirmed by surgical resection. The patient was a 57‐years‐old woman with history of dyspepsia, who was found to have a large submucosal mass in the stomach. EUS‐FNA showed scant spindle cells with abundant lymphocytes. The spindle cells were immunoreactive with S100, while negative for CD117, desmin, and CD34. The lymphocytes were mixed B‐cells and T‐cells. Immunostaining, flow cytometry, and molecular testing showed no evidence of B‐cell lymphoma. The diagnosis of gastric schwannoma was confirmed by histopathological evaluation of the resected tumor. Gastric schwannoma has unique features of mixed spindle cells and lymphocytes. The tumor should be differentiated from other gastric mesenchymal tumors, and lymphoproliferative disorder is a pitfall.
Neighborhood crime risk and resting respiratory sinus arrhythmia in middle childhood: Evidence of gender differences
Authors: Feurer Cope , Woody Mary L. , James Kiera M. , Kudinova Anastacia Y. , Gibb Brandon E.
Published: July 2019

Although there is a robust link between resting respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), a biological marker of emotion regulation, and risk for psychopathology, the factors that may be associated with aberrant RSA development remain unclear. The goal of the current study was to examine the relation between children's resting levels of RSA and neighborhood crime, a macro‐level environmental stressor associated with increased risk for multiple forms of psychopathology in youth. The levels of neighborhood crime were obtained using a geocoded neighborhood crime exposure database, allowing for the objective assessment of the likelihood of crime occurring in the child's community. The results indicated that the relation between neighborhood crime and resting RSA differed for girls and boys such that living in a neighborhood with higher risk of exposure to violent crimes was associated with lower RSA for girls, but not boys. These results suggest that living in a higher crime neighborhood is associated with an objective, biologically‐based marker of emotion regulation and highlight how neighborhood crime may be specifically associated with risk for girls.
Regional differences in exercise training implementation in heart failure: findings from the Exercise Training in Heart Failure (ExTraHF) survey
Authors: Piepoli Massimo F. , Binno Simone , Coats Andrew J.S. , Cohen‐Solal Alain , Corrà Ugo , Davos Constantinos H. , Jaarsma Tiny , Lund Lars , Niederseer David , Orso Francesco , Villani Giovanni Q. , Agostoni Piergiuseppe , Volterrani Maurizio , Seferovic Petar ,   on behalf of the Committee on Exercise Physiology & Training of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology
Published: July 2019

Background

Exercise training programmes (ETPs) are a crucial component in cardiac rehabilitation in heart failure (HF) patients. The Exercise Training in HF (ExTraHF) survey has reported poor implementation of ETPs in countries affiliated to the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). The aim of the present sub‐analysis was to investigate the regional variations in the implementation of ETPs for HF patients.

Methods and results

The study was designed as a web‐based survey of cardiac units, divided into five areas, according to the geographical location of the countries surveyed. Overall, 172 centres replied to the survey, in charge of 78 514 patients, differentiated in 52 Northern (n = 15 040), 48 Southern (n = 27 127), 34 Western (n = 11 769), 24 Eastern European (n = 12 748), and 14 extra‐European centres (n = 11 830). Greater ETP implementation was observed in Western (76%) and Northern (63%) regions, whereas lower rates were seen in Southern (58%), Eastern European (50%) and extra‐European (36%) regions. The leading barrier was the lack of resources in all (83–65%) but Western region (37%) where patients were enrolled in dedicated settings and specialized units (75%). In 40% of centres, non‐inclusion of ETP in the national or local guideline pathway accounted for the lack of ETP implementation.

Conclusion

Exercise training programmes are poorly implemented in the ESC affiliated countries, mainly because of the lack of resources and/or national and local guidelines. The linkage with dedicated cardiac rehabilitation centres (as in the Western region) or the model of local rehabilitation services adopted in Northern countries may be considered as options to overcome these gaps.
Metal Exchange Reactions in Metallothioneins Explored by Electrochemical Methods
Authors: Šestáková Ivana , Navrátil Tomáš , Josypčuk Bohdan
Published: July 2019

Metallothioneins (MTs) are widely occurring, small, cysteine‐rich proteins, important for essential metal (Zn, Cu) homeostasis and transport and for heavy metal (Cd, Hg) detoxification. In buffered solutions of mammalian MT, voltammetry and potentiometric striping analysis (PSA) can distinguish different coordination of bound metals or follow their exchange, especially that of zinc and cadmium for copper, silver, and cobalt. The examples of different electrode applications as of hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE), of silver solid amalgam (AgSAE) electrode, and of silica gel modified carbon paste electrode (SiO2‐CPE) are given.
Rapid and Selective Determination of Vanillin in the Presence of Caffeine, its Electrochemical Behavior on an Au Electrode Electropolymerized with 3‐Amino‐1,2,4‐triazole‐5‐thiol
Authors: Calam Tuğba Tabanlıgil , Uzun Demet
Published: July 2019

Electrochemical oxidation of vanillin (VAN) in the presence of caffeine (CAF) was studied on a gold (Au) electrode modified with 3‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole‐5‐thiol (ATT) film by using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) method. The formation of the ATT film on the Au electrode surface was characterized by the CV, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods. A single irreversible oxidation peak of the VAN was obtained by using the CV method. The determination of VAN in the presence of CAF was carried out at pH 4 in Britton Robinson buffer (BR) by the DPV method. Under the optimal conditions, the oxidation peak current was proportional to the concentration of VAN in the range of 1.1 μM to 76.4 μM in the presence of CAF with the correlation coefficient of 0.997 and the detection limit of 0.19 μM (S/N=3). The selective determination of VAN in a commercial coffee sample was carried out with satisfactory results on the ATT‐Au modified electrode.