bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Babesia caballi como um dos agentes infecciosos da Piroplasmose Equina: Revisão de literatura
Authors: Ferreira Paulo Antônio Lourençoni , Pereira Jaqueline Aparecida Sousa , Alexandrowitsch Fátima Christina França , Lemes Bruna Cardoso , Amaral Izabella Martins , Sousa Bárbara Resende , Carvalho João Lucas da Silva , de Mesquita Mariane Balbino , Scarpa José Oswaldo de Souza
Published: September 2024

A Piroplasmose equina é uma hemoparasitose de grande relevância e mundialmente distribuída. A ocorrência da doença esta associada principalmente a regiões tropicais e subtropicais, e existem países que estão em estabilidade enzoótica, ao mesmo tempo que outros estão em instabilidade, onde a situação epidemiológica varia para áreas consideradas livres até áreas endêmicas. Por não ser possível reverter a situação dos animais que permanecem como fonte de infecção, é de suma importância realizar exames laboratoriais periodicamente para diagnosticar os animais que são afetados de forma crônica, afim de isola-los e garantir a soronegatividade do plantel. Os prejuízos estão relacionados com a diminuição do desempenho dos atletas, mortalidade e morbidade, custos com o tratamento, bem como a restrição do comércio internacional de animais com origem principalmente. Por isso, vê-se a necessidade de novas intervenções e estudos acerca do assunto, tendo então esse trabalho o objetivo de realizar uma revisão de literatura acerca do protozoário Babesia cabali, como um dos agentes causadores da piroplasmose equina, trazendo sua forma de infecção e transmissão, bem como medidas preventivas e profiláticas afim de contribuir com a comunidade científica, estudantes e profissionais que lidam constantemente com esse problema, trazendo novas referências e servindo de ferramenta de estudo.
Tutela jurídica da livre concorrência no direito brasileiro: Evolução legislativa e fundamentos do direito antitruste
Authors: da Silva Ivan Luiz Rufino
Published: September 2024

A tutela jurídica da concorrência é denominada direito antitruste, que objetiva prevenir e reprimir os atos anticoncorrenciais imputáveis aos agentes econômicos quando lesivos ao funcionamento regular dos mecanismos da Economia de mercado. O presente estudo aborda a evolução legislativa da atividade dos agentes econômicos em face da ideia de concorrência empresarial e os seus fundamentos para se compreender a configuração do atual direito antitruste brasileiro.
Sorghum cutting and grazing for hay production
Authors: Santos Leandra Cristina Soares , Moura Marielly Maria Almeida , Mendes Lívia Rodrigues , Rodrigues Brenda Souza , Madureira Mariana Rabelo , Santos Keitty Fabiany Alves , Fonseca Silvana Melissia Rabelo , Ribeiro Joyce Costa , Fonseca Layza Lorena Medeiros , dos Santos Jaine Aparecida , Mendes Anne Karoliny Fernandes , Fernandes Álvaro Henrique Lopes
Published: September 2024

Sorghum hybrids (Sorghum bicolor cv. Bicolor) with Sudan grass (Sorghum bicolor cv. Sudanense) have been gaining increasing importance in feeding herds, due to their resistance to drought, great speed of establishment and growth, high capacity for tillering and regrowth after cutting or grazing (which allows successive uses), good nutritional value and great capacity for dry matter production. For the crossing of the species, a strain of Sudan grass (Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf.) is used as a male and, as a female, a strain of grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. Thus, the use of hay from sorghum for cutting and grazing is one of the alternatives to the problem of seasonality of forage plants, allowing the surplus produced, or in exclusive cultivation areas, to be stored and used in animal feed in times of scarcity. The objective of this work was to carry out a review of the narrative literature on sorghum, cutting and grazing for hay production.
Evaluation of vermicompost quality: Efficacy in seed germination and reproduction of Eudrilus eugeniae
Authors: da Rosa Liciane Oliviera , Fick Rubiane Buchweitz , Trindade Ketellen Nunes , de Oliveira Byanca Corrêa , Ferreira Laiê Rodrigues Porto , Silveira Isadora Rasera , Burin Paula , Grabin Amanda Morais , Martins Gabriel Afonso , Corrêa Luciara Bilhalva , Dias Álvaro Renato Guerra , Corrêa Érico Kunde
Published: September 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the quality of vermicompost produced through vermicomposting, using the germination index of two seed species and the reproduction of earthworms as indicators to ensure the absence of toxicity and promote the safe use of vermicompost. The experiment was conducted in 20-liter vermireactors, using 25 adult earthworms of the species Eudrilus eugeniae per reactor. Three treatments were applied, varying the proportions of fruit, vegetable, and grass clippings residues. The phytotoxicity of the vermicompost was assessed through the Germination Index (GI%) of lettuce and cucumber seeds. The GI was calculated by comparing the germination and root elongation of seeds treated with vermicompost extracts to the control. Earthworm reproduction was evaluated at the end of the experiment by comparing the initial and final number of earthworms and cocoons to calculate the reproduction rate. The data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey's test to identify significant differences between treatments. The results indicated that Treatment T3, which combined different proportions of residues, was the most effective in promoting both the growth and reproduction of earthworms and the germination of seeds, suggesting that the combination of organic residues is crucial for producing high-quality, non-toxic vermicompost. These findings highlight the importance of an integrated approach in treatment formulation to optimize sustainable vermicompost production.
Outbreak of edema disease in piglets in the Sertão da Paraíba
Authors: Garcia Dlean da Silva , de Oliveira Flaviane Neri Lima , de Souto Erick Platiní Ferreira , Wanderley Vitória Dantas , de Oliveira Artefio Martins , Dantas Antonio Flávio Medeiros
Published: September 2024

Edema disease is a worldwide toxi-infection, which mainly affects recently weaned piglets, and is caused by verotoxigenic strains of Escherichia coli bacteria. The epidemiological, clinical and anatomopathological aspects of an outbreak of edema disease in pigs in the hinterland of Paraíba are described. Piglets of both sexes were affected in the post-weaning period. The clinical course was acute, characterized by neurological manifestations and edema. At necropsy, edema of the eyelid, stomach wall, mesocolon and ascites were observed. Histopathology of the nervous system showed an increase in perivascular spaces associated with edema. There were also occasional neurons located in the frontal, temporal and occipital cortices and basal ganglia with cytoplasmic hypereosinophilia and nuclear pycnosis. The diagnosis was established through epidemiology, clinical signs, anatomopathological findings, and microbiological isolation of the agent. Some epidemiological factors are capable of predisposing animals to E. coli infections. Thus, it is necessary to implement preventive measures in order to minimize risk factors that are linked to adequate nutritional and sanitary management.
Nervous form of listeriosis in cattle
Authors: Garcia Dlean da Silva , da Silveira Gian Libanio , de Souto Erick Platiní Ferreira , Wanderley Vitória Dantas , de Oliveira Artefio Martins , Dantas Antonio Flávio Medeiros
Published: September 2024

Listeriosis is an infectious disease of bacterial origin, widely distributed in the world, which mainly affects small ruminants. The clinical and pathological aspects of listeriosis in cattle in the Sertão of Paraíba are described. From 2003 to 2023, the Animal Pathology Laboratory of the Federal University of Campina Grande performed 1,272 necropsies of cattle, of which 159 (12.50%) were diagnosed with diseases that affected the central nervous system (CNS) and of these, two cases were attributed to listeriosis (1.25%), being crossbreds, one female (Bovine 1) and one male (Bovine 2), aged 5 years and 18 months respectively. Bovine 1 came from the municipality of Patos, while Bovine 2 was from the municipality of Piancó, both located in the Sertão da Paraíba, raised in a semi-extensive regime. Both animals showed nervous symptoms, Bovine 1 initially receiving the presumptive diagnosis of rabies. Macroscopically, no lesions were observed in the CNS. Microscopically, in Bovine 1, microabscesses were observed characterized by moderate multifocal to coalescent areas of neutrophilic infiltrate without capsular involvement, moderate mononuclear infiltrate with rare neutrophils around vessels (cuffs) and a discrete amount of axonal spheroids in the medulla oblongata region, in addition to discrete lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate in the meninges of the occipital cortex and cerebellum. The microscopic lesions observed in Bovine 2 were similar, varying in intensity and location. The diagnosis was based on epidemiological, clinical and histopathological findings. The nervous form of listeriosis occurs rarely in cattle in the hinterland of Paraíba, and may present nonspecific clinical alterations and be confused with other pathologies of the CNS of cattle.
Retrospective study of dermatophylosis in sheep in the Sertão of Paraíba
Authors: Garcia Dlean da Silva , de Oliveira Flaviane Neri Lima , de Souto Erick Platiní Ferreira , Wanderley Vitória Dantas , de Oliveira Artefio Martins , Dantas Antonio Flávio Medeiros
Published: September 2024

The epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects of dermatophylosis in sheep in the Sertão da Paraíba, Northeast Brazil, are described. From 2003 to 2023, 7 cases of dermatophylosis in sheep were diagnosed at the Animal Pathology Laboratory of the Federal University of Campina Grande. Of the affected animals, four were females and three males. Most of the animals were adults, four of whom were crossbred and three of the Santa Inês breed. The disease was most frequently diagnosed in April, followed by June and November. All the animals came from municipalities belonging to the Sertão region of Paraíba. Clinically, the animals presented multifocal to coalescent areas of alopecia, located in decreasing order of frequency, on the head, back, neck, ears and limbs. In two animals, the lesions were generalized. Macroscopically, the prevalent skin lesions were characterized by thickening of the skin by slightly moist crusts that formed grayish-white plaques. Histologically, multifocal to coalescent areas of epidermal hyperplasia (acanthosis) were observed, associated with marked parakeratotic and/or orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis. In the middle of the epidermis and between the keratin lamellae, multifocal areas of moderate neutrophilic infiltrate associated with cellular debris (intraepidermal pustules and serocellular crusts, respectively) and numerous filamentous, segmented and basophilic structures, compatible with D. congolensis, were observed. The diagnosis was established through epidemiological, clinical and anatomopathological findings. The disease occurs sporadically in sheep in the Sertão da Paraíba, affecting adult animals of both sexes, and characterized by alopecic and crusty skin lesions.
Clinicopathologic characterization of diseases diagnosed in cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) in the Sertão da Paraíba
Authors: Garcia Dlean da Silva , de Freitas Gabriel Cavalcante , de Souto Erick Platiní Ferreira , Wanderley Vitória Dantas , de Oliveira Artefio Martins , Dantas Antonio Flávio Medeiros
Published: September 2024

The clinical and pathological aspects of diseases diagnosed in cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) in the Sertão da Paraíba, Northeast Brazil, are described. From January 2003 to December 2023, 362 birds were necropsied at the Animal Pathology Laboratory of the Federal University of Campina Grande. Of these, 9 (2.48%) cases were cockatiels, where six were females and three were males, most of the animals were adults and came from the municipality of Patos, Paraíba. The diseases diagnosed were: cloacal prolapse (09/02); dystocia-egg retention (01/09); complete fracture of tibiotarsal bone and fibula (01/09); perforating ulcer and cellomite (01/09); sepsis associated with scabies (09/01); squamous cell carcinoma (01/09); liver cirrhosis (01/09); and osteopathy due to calcium deficiency (01/09). Changes in the cloaca and oviduct were the most frequent conditions, with the others being seen occasionally. Although they involve different causes, most of the diseases observed are directly or indirectly related to sanitary and nutritional management practices. Highlighting the importance of knowledge about the possible diseases that can affect this species, whether it is raised freely or domiciled.
Effect of temperature on germination of golden grass seeds (Syngonanthus nitens (Bong.) Ruhland) originating from the region of Mateiros, Jalapão (Tocantins)
Authors: Previero Conceição Aparecida , Gonçalves Luanne Pereira , Campelo Pedro Henrique
Published: September 2024

Jalapão is a region rich in natural beauty and is in the east of Tocantins, the population practices handicrafts made with golden grass (Syngonanthus nitens) sewn with buriti "silk". Throughout the cerrado, fire is used as part of the management of existing species, for S. nitens popular knowledge states that with the proper use of fire its flowering is stimulated. The research was carried out to contribute to the definitions of management of the species. The germination of S. nitens seeds from the municipality of Mateiros, exposed naked and in capitula for 10 min at temperatures of 50, 100, 150 and 200 ºC, was evaluated. The viability of S. nitens seeds submitted in capitula and naked at 50°C for 10 minutes was higher when compared to the other temperatures. The exposure time of the bare seeds and in chapters at 150 and 200 ºC made them unviable.
Use of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) as a parameter to prove the application of the landfarming bioremediation technique
Authors: dos Santos Jucelino , Lima Lígia Maria Ribeiro , da Silva José Carlos Aguiar , Lima Lenilde Mérgia Ribeiro
Published: September 2024

The environment has been suffering from major problems that affect its quality. Pollution of water reserves, disorderly deforestation, excessive burning and misuse of soils that are increasingly losing their essential characteristics for the survival of life on Earth. The waste from the adsorption process is plant biomass with a high level of fuel adsorbed in its solid structure. This waste discarded in the soil can be removed or mitigated by means of the bioremediation technique. Bioremediation is a technique for decontaminating contaminated environments that uses living organisms, plants or microorganisms (bacteria and fungi), with the purpose of attenuating or recovering certain contaminants present in the environment. This study aimed to use lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L. ) as a parameter to prove the effectiveness of the Landfarming bioremediation technique in the recovery of soil contaminated with gasoline. An experiment was implemented with lettuce crops in bioremediated and non-bioremediated soil, simulating real field conditions, with monitoring of temperature, humidity and pH variables during the plant growth period (35 days), followed by nutrient analyses of the plants grown in these two types of soil. It was possible to observe that the plants remained healthy throughout their cycle, demonstrating that the soil had its bioremediation well performed, making it suitable for use in planting. There was no visual difference between the seedlings from the bioremediated soil and those from the soil collected at UEPB. The results of the analyses for macronutrients were within normal limits. However, for heavy metals, the lettuce samples analyzed, both in the cultivation in natural soil (UEPB) and in the bioremediated soil, presented levels above the standards determined by ANVISA. Therefore, these plants are not recommended for human consumption due to the high levels of existing metals.
Consciousness: a quantum optical effect in fluorescent protein pathways
Authors:   BION Institute, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia, Poznanski R.R. , Iannella N.L.
Published: September 2024

This paper gives a physical mechanism of embodied consciousness based on the dynamic organicity theory of consciousness. We use entropic pilot wave theory to describe the quantum dipole oscillations from dipole-bound delocalized (quasi-free) electrons in nonpolar cavities of aromatic amino acid residues and their fluorescent pathways that contain cavity quasipolariton condensates composed of quantized polarization waves of entangled photons. The behavior of oscillating molecular dipoles is influenced by the quantum nature of dynamic organicity, which causes energy fluctuations necessary to move delocalized electrons and create bare polaritons (quantized polarization waves). These quantized polarization waves correspond to photon quasiparticles interacting with water molecules to form quasipolaritons, softened by interacting with hydroxide ions (OH-) within crystal lattices of interfacial water H30. When [H3O+]=[OH−], the solution is neutral in hydrophobic cavities. In such nonpolar cavities, ‘wet wires’ are formed from hydrated ions (protons), and when displaced, they produce evanescent photons (non-radiative transitions in the absence of any source). Light emission occurs as protons (H+) diffuse in ‘wet wires’ due to recombination with hydroxide (OH-) ions, acting as protonic analogs of ‘holes’ or excitons. The protonic ‘wet wires’ involve proton motion strongly coupled with π-electron delocalization as a conduit for exciton-photon (polariton) and its polarization wave component. We explore the negentropic effect of a 'repulsive force' guided by entropic pilot waves, functioning as an information-based action of the cavity quasipolariton. It is shown that incoherent entropic pilot waves guide quantum coherence in the phase of dipole-bound delocalized electrons. Experiments have shown that biphoton entanglement can influence anaesthetics. We postulate that unconsciousness arises due to the disruption of cavity polaritonic condensate and its polarization wave component, suggesting consciousness is attributed to a quantum ‘optical’ effect in protein pathways.
The evolution of accounting and auditing in the era of digital technologies: the role of cloud services and process automation
Authors: Matchuk Svitlana , Havrylenko Valentyna , Lukanovska Iryna , Kharkhalis Tetiana , Ostapenko Yana
Published: September 2024

Introduction: the rapid development of the digital economic space in Ukraine has made digitising the accounting system a paramount issue. Ukraine’s integration trend into the European economic sphere has also contributed to this situation.
Objectives: this research aims to analyse the current role of digital transformation tools in optimising the accounting system.
Method: the study employed general methods of scientific inquiry, including analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, abstraction, concretisation, and formalisation.
Results: the research established that digital accounting transformation is an obligatory optimisation stage in developing the modern business environment. The analysis considered the feasibility and potential of implementing innovative artificial intelligence capabilities in accounting while ensuring adequate security measures. It was concluded that modern digital tools offer opportunities to streamline the collection and aggregation of accounting information through specialised industry software products. The identified risks associated with implementing artificial intelligence technologies into information systems were discussed.
Conclusions: the study demonstrated that intensifying the integration of digital technologies into accounting processes can increase managerial decisions’ accuracy and efficiency.
HUNGARIAN ELEKTRA
Authors: KOVÁCS ÖRS
Published: September 2024

Absztrakt
A balkáni lánctánckultúra különleges helyet foglal el a tradíciót kiváló művészi tehetséggel feldolgozó, iskolaalapító koreográfusok életművében. Ennek egyik legszebb példája Novák Ferenc Magyar Elektra című filmalkotása. A Magyar Elektra kivételes lehetőséget biztosított Fülöp Viktornak, a kivételes balett-táncosnak. A szerepet megtestesítő Fülöp Viktor a mű leglényegesebb aspektusát később figyelemre méltó tisztasággal fogalmazta meg: „A folklór számomra olyan, mint egy gyönyörű terebélyes fa, amelynek a gyökere jó mélyen a földben található, s ami onnan kinő, az is földszagú, tehát maga az élet. Ugyanakkor az ágakra leszállnak a madarak – és ez már költészet. A Magyar Elektra azért jó táncmű, mert »földszagú«, ugyanakkor sokkal több az egyszerű néptáncnál. Az egész fa képviselve van benne: megkomponált dráma, érzelmileg és gondolatilag erősen ható színház született, de nem szakadt ki a földből.” A cikk a tradíció feldolgozásának színházelmléleti kérdéseit vizsgálja.
Abstract
The Balkan chain dance culture has a special place in the oeuvre of school-founding choreographers who have worked with the tradition with outstanding artistic talent. One of the best examples of this is Ferenc Novák's film work Hungarian Elektra. Hungarian Elektra provided an extraordinary opportunity for Viktor Fülöp, an exceptional ballet dancer. Viktor Fülöp, who embodied the role, later expressed the most important aspect of the work with remarkable clarity: "For me, folklore is like a beautiful tree with a large canopy, whose roots are deep in the earth, and what grows out of it smells of earth, that is, of life itself. At the same time, birds land on its branches - and that is poetry. Hungarian Elektra is a good dance piece because it smells of earth, but it is also much more than a simple folk dance. The whole tree is represented: it is a composed drama, a theatre that is emotionally and intellectually powerful, but not torn out of the ground". The article explores the issue of adapting tradition from the perspective of theatre theory.
Konut Kapıcılarının Ücret Alacaklarından Kat Malikleri ile Yöneticilerin Sorumluluğu
Authors: Yardımcıoğlu Didem
Published: September 2024

Kentleşmenin artması sonucu sıklıkla karşılaşılan bir meslek haline gelen konut kapıcılığı diğer çalışma biçimlerinden ayrılan birtakım özellikler göstermektedir. Konut kapıcılarının ara dinlenme sürelerinin fazla olması, serbest zaman kullanma imkanlarının bulunması, genellikle çalıştıkları apartmanlarda ikamet ediyor olmaları gibi nedenlerle çalışma yaşamları ile özel hayatları iç içe geçmektedir. Bu durum ise konut kapıcılarının ücret alacaklarının tespiti ve bu alacaklardan kimlerin sorumlu olması gerektiği noktasında sorunlar yaşanmasına neden olmaktadır. Uygulamada konut kapıcısının ödenmemiş ücret ve ücret eklerini kat maliklerinden mi yoksa apartman yöneticisinden mi talep etmesi gerektiği; kat malikleri ile apartman yöneticisi arasında müteselsil sorumluluk bulunup bulunmadığı; zorunlu arabuluculuk ve yargılama süreci tümüyle apartman yöneticisi ile yürütülmüş ise hükmün yönetici mi yoksa kat malikleri hakkında mı verilmesi gerektiği; tüm yargılama sürecinin yönetici ile yürütülmüş olması durumunda mahkeme kararının temyizinin kimler tarafından yapılabileceği gibi pek çok konuda tereddütler yaşanmaktadır. Bu tereddütlerin giderilmesi amacıyla çalışmamızda öğreti görüşleri ve Yargıtay kararlarından da faydalanılarak konut kapıcılarının ücret hakları ve ödenmeyen ücretlerinden kat malikleri ile apartman yöneticilerinin sorumluluğu ayrıntılı bir şekilde incelenecektir.
Fishpole Bamboo [Phyllostachys aurea (Andre) Riviere and C. Riviere] in the Philippines: Its Properties and Potential Utilization
Authors: Marasigan Oliver , Mundin Mario Angelo , Daguinod Shereyl , Domingo Emmanuel
Published: September 2024

This study focused on assessing the morphological, anatomical, and physico-mechanical properties of fishpole bamboo [Phyllostachys aurea (André) Rivière and C.Rivière] grown in Baguio City, the Philippines. The aim of this study was to establish baseline information about these properties and recommend potential applications beyond ornamental use. The results showed that the relative density, modulus of rupture, and stress at the proportional limit of the fishpole bamboo were higher than those of commercial bamboo species. In terms of morphological properties, the culm diameter and culm wall thickness tended to decrease significantly by 64.0 and 39.96%, respectively, toward the top portion. In contrast, the internode length increased significantly from bottom to middle by 41.57%. With respect to anatomical properties, the fiber length, fiber and lumen diameter, and cell wall thickness significantly decreased from bottom to top by 14.89, 13.63, 23.32, and 10.67%, respectively. Conversely, its relative density and radial shrinkage significantly increased by 23.06% and 26.77%, respectively, toward the top. Regarding the mechanical properties, the modulus of rupture, stress at the proportional limit, and modulus of elasticity increased significantly by 62.41, 88.25, and 45.51% from the bottom of the culm to the top, respectively. However, the compressive strength (29.40 MPa) and shear strength (2.83 MPa) deviated from this trend. Fishpole bamboo can be employed as a raw material for furniture, window frames, and handicrafts, wherein a large diameter is not required. Additionally, it can be used for canes, walking sticks, umbrella and fan handles, and souvenir materials. Notably, culms with diameters exceeding 5.0 cm can be used as raw materials for laminated and engineered bamboo. They can also be used as raw materials for preparing pellets and briquettes.
Fragrance Your Organization and Work Life with Spiritual Flavor
Authors: Latif Abdul , Ullah Roman , Ahmed Ishfaq , Rehman Jamshid ur , Khan Habib Ullah
Published: September 2024

Human behaviors have historically been thought to be the main drivers of organizational development. The focus of the day is on WPS, who exhibit charismatic traits, in order to improve organizational behaviors. The study's focus was on workplace spirituality (WPS), its relationship to organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), and the moderating role that organizational culture (OCl) plays. The method for gathering data was stratified random sampling. Four hundred and fifty-seven replies to an approved questionnaire that was sent to five hundred (500) teaching faculty members at various universities in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, were obtained. AMOS Package-21 and SPSS have been used to find analytical results. The tool's validity and dependability were guaranteed. Every model fit index value was verified. The model's path coefficient has been illustrated and discussed, both with and without moderating and interaction variables. It was discovered that organizational culture plays a moderating effect in OCB and has a direct impact on WPS. The study's role in literature and industries defines its theoretical and practical implications. At the conclusion of this investigation, there are limitations and recommendations based on the findings.
Impact of Technologies & Co-Curricular Activities on Students’ Academic Achievement at the Undergraduate Level
Authors: Zaidi Syeda Sana , Imran Muhammad , Khoso Farzana Jabeen , Sultana Zehara
Published: September 2024

This study examined the impact of technologies and co-curricular activities on students’ academic achievement at the Undergraduate Level. Data on approximately 200 enrolled college and university students from the undergraduate level male and female Class of 2018 who participated in this research study in Karachi, Pakistan. Universities can measure student success through their highest GPA in their exams, whereas colleges measure students’ performance through the highest percentage to measure student academic success. While evidence exists that co-curricular activities benefit student achievement, the relationship between such participation and student learning, as measured by GPA, has not been quantified. This study sought to understand how technologies and co-curricular activities affect students’ academic performance. The findings depict significant positive relationship between co-curricular activities and students’ academic performances and also showed weak impact of technologies on students’ academic performances. Colleges and Universities may contribute to increased student learning through co-curricular activities. To improve student learning, universities should introduce, understand, and implement technologies and co-curricular activities to enhance their students’ knowledge, skills, and abilities.
Free Float and Stock Liquidity: Evidence from Pakistan Stock Exchange
Authors: Jadoon Umama , Shah Syed Qasim , Iqbal Asim , Raza Hasan , Mubeen Muhammad
Published: September 2024

Liquidity has become increasingly important in the stock market, highlighting its vital role in enabling high-volume trading with minimal price distortion, speed, and convenience. This study is carried out to examine the relationship between free float and stock market liquidity using different ratios and models namely, Amihud, Amivest and turnover. For this purpose, a sample of top 100 listed companies are selected from Pakistan Stock exchange (PSX) from 2013 to 2022. An inverse relationship between free float and liquidity was found using Amihud ratio whereas turnover ratio supports the notion of improved liquidity with increased free float. This study highlights the importance of free float in capital markets and offers practical advice for businesses and individuals navigating the complexities of stock liquidity. While our paper contributes to the current body of literature, it also invites additional investigation by bringing in a variety of variables and broadening the focus outside of Pakistan's KSE 100 index companies.
Effects of muscle energy technique overhold relax on pain and range of motion in patients with post-surgical elbow stiffness
Authors: Sundresh Junior , Varathan Kalidasan , Subramanian Shenbaga Sundaram , Pragassame Arul , Suresh Thabbashvinny A.P. , Subramanian Makesh Babu , Alhammad Ayman Abdullah , Alhatlani Nayef Hamad E , Alhalaiqa Fadwa , Gaowzeh Riziq Allah Mustafa , Ramanathan Kavitha
Published: September 2024

Background. An elbow joint that can move and is stable is important for work, play, and sports. Stiffness in the elbow after surgery is common and can make it difficult to perform daily activities. This is a significant problem for therapy. Therapeutic exercises, especially stretching exercises, are a crucial part of physiotherapy for alleviating elbow stiffness. Muscle Energy Technique (MET) is a manual therapy that uses mild isometric contractions to utilize the muscles’ energy to help with limited limb movement. On the other hand, Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) is one of the best ways to improve motor performance and speed up recovery by increasing the range of motion and flexibility. The goal is to determine how MET over Hold‑Relax affects pain and range of motion when rehabilitating stiffness in the elbow after surgery.
Methods. A quasi-experimental study was conducted on 12 patients post-elbow fracture fixation. Group A was given MET, while Group B received the Hold-Relax Technique three times a week for three consecutive weeks after the immobilization period. As baseline treatment, both groups received active ROM exercises. Pain (Visual Analog Scale) and ROM (goniometer) were assessed pre- and post-3 weeks.
Results. In the third week, the two treatment groups showed a statistically significant difference in all parametric values (P < 0.05). However, Group B Hold-Relax’s mean difference and paired and unpaired t-test values were greater compared to Group A MET at the end of the third week.
Conclusion. This study concludes that implementing PNF stretch (Hold-Relax) in conjunction with conventional treatment techniques in post-surgical stiffness is beneficial in enhancing the subject’s quality of life by reducing pain and restoring ROM. Hence, PNF (Hold-Relax) can be the best treatment option in physiotherapy practice.
Mathematical Methods in Determining Spatial Development Priorities for The Industrial Sector at The Level of The Iraqi Governorates: A Study of Quantitative Measures to Determine Investments in Industrial Urbanization
Authors: Abdulsamea Hameed Ali
Published: September 2024

The levels of development exhibit significant disparities across countries and even among different parts of the same governorates. The major focus of many planners and decision makers was to investigate and analyze the regional variation in development levels. The study aims to examine the regional disparities in investment within the industrial sector throughout the governorates of Iraq. This analysis is not just based on quantitative indicators, but also takes into account the specific investment requirements of each governorate. To overcome this issue, we do the following actions:  A mathematical model is constructed to elucidate the regional differences in investment amongst governorates. This model use factor analysis to quantify the association between various variables studied. Utilize the Ridge Regression Model to assess the influence of the factors on the geographical distribution of investment. The study aimed to determine the allocation of investment in the industry sector among the Iraqi governorates. The priorities for distribution were as follows: ''Al-Muthanna'', ''Missan'', ''Wasit'', ''Salahuddinni'', ''Thi-Qar'', ''Diala'', ''Kerbala'', ''Kirkuk'', ''Al-Qadisiya'', ''Al-Anbar'', ''Al-Najaf'', ''Babil'', ''Nineueh'', ''Basrah'', and Baghdad. This allocation aimed to achieve a balanced regional development. The value of the challenge coefficient (R^2= 0.84 and the correlation coefficient) (R= 0.91), which indicates the strength of the effect of the economic variables on the investment sector. This value is the spatial distribution of industrial investments among the governorates, and this is confirmed by the decrease in the value of (MSE) as it reached 3319.41, which confirms the increase in the efficiency of the model at (k= 0.016).
Strengthen Method Attacks Detection in Network using VFDT Algorithm
Authors: Alwan Hussein Naseer
Published: September 2024

With the tremendous progress in organizing data over networks, network security has become more important than ever in modern technologies. Hacking represents a serious security risk in the climate of data transmission and reception. Sometimes there are new types of intrusions that are constantly evolving and detection systems have a difficult problem in identifying them. In this research, we proposed Organization based Abnormality Discovery Framework (OADF) system based on training an algorithm VFDT to detect attacks detection (AD).Exploratory outcomes on the kdd cup'99 data mining list show that our system is profoundly material to arrange interruption acknowledgment. It has been shown that the proposed methodology performs better as far as acknowledgment rate, deceiving issue rate, and computational time contrasted with various techniques. To enhance the success of this work, we used other type of previously prepared test groups, it ssenet-2011 dataset, and we trained these two types separately for the purpose of reaching optimal training. The purpose of this work is to discover the largest number of attacks or penetrations that occur on the internet. Exceptionally very fast decision tree (VFDT) algorithm was utilized to build the classifier for attacks. Exceptionally VFDT algorithm is one of data mining algorithms that arrangement with high data streams in an extremely brief time frame. Trial results exhibited that the proposed Organization based Abnormality Discovery Framework (OADF) system is exceptionally effective in detecting known and obscure assaults by 93%.
Predicting Air Quality Based on Multiclass Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Ali Majeed Alhammadi Nafea
Published: September 2024

India is among the most polluted nations with severe environmental implications of pollution increase in several bas cities. For the past few years’ Indian cities have witnessed an alarming drop in the Air Quality (AQ) which is a result of the rapid economic growth. The lives of billions of people are deeply affected by Air Pollution (AP) every year. The economic sectors that source poor urban AQ include transportation, agriculture, construction, forestry, and logging, emitting dangerous gases and particulates such as NO2, NH3, SO3, and Benzene. This research attempts to implement four different classifiers independently on the AQ dataset. The four classifiers that are being implemented are the Multiclass Decision Jungle (MDJ), Multiclass Logistic Regression (MLR), Multiclass Decision Forest (MDF), and Multiclass Neural Network (MNN). This project objective is to identify the most suitable among the four classification models in building the best model for AQ. The performance of a model is judged by accuracy, precision, and recall. Likewise, about other three modes MDF performs best, where it obtained 99.96% accuracies, 98.91% precision, and 99.76% recall.
Designing Fuzzy Logic Control for the BLDC Motor Based on Airfoil Bearing
Authors: Herez abedali Ghassan , K. Bachache Hammoudi , J. Mohammed Ali , Sadeghi Ramtin
Published: September 2024

Due to removing the mechanical brushes in BLDC motors, BLDC motors are widely used in many industrial applications. Therefore, they are maintenance-free and their control is easy to design, especially for high-speed applications. For example, eco-friendly vacuum cleaners prevent atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and asthma. Other applications are Micro Gas turbines or compressors with small impellers due to miniaturization, BLDC motors must rotate at very high speeds to maintain the compressor's compression ratio. Generally, airfoil bearings should be used instead of ball bearings because of the friction in high-speed motors. Unfortunately, the characteristics of airfoil bearings depend on rotational speed. In this work, a BLDC motor with an airfoil bearing is controlled by a PID controller, this work analyzed the BLDC SYSTEM to determine the PID coefficient using the feedback method. The proposed controller Fuzzy Logic is used for adaptive control. In addition, the controller of BLDC motors combines auto-tuning and self-tuning technology. The results demonstrate that the proposed method gives efficient control by reducing the settling time and maximum peek overshot. The designed controller for the airfoil-bearing BLDC motor has a good performance.
Impact of construction projects on sustainable landscape: a systematic review
Authors: Ali Rouwaida , Falih Mahdi Suha , Salah Hassan Mohanad
Published: September 2024

Human activities related to land use, such as the transformation of natural landscapes into urban areas and agricultural fields, as well as changes in land management practices, have caused substantial modifications to the Earth's surface. These alterations have had significant consequences for climate, soil, hydrology, biodiversity, and ecosystem processes. The research presented in this study provides a comprehensive summary of previous investigations in the field of landscape research. The main aim of this paper is to make a comprehensive review about the effect of the construction projects on the  sustainable landscape , the results found that the projects effect adversely on the landscape and the free re should be increased.
A Survey of Image Enhancement and Dehazing Algorithms to Improving Autonomous Navigation in Fog and Dust.
Authors: Yahya Zakariya Zahraa , Abdulwahhab Ghidan Adil
Published: September 2024

Video captured during sand-dust weather conditions indicates significant degradation, diminished contrast, and pronounced color distortion. The reason behind this phenomenon is the impact of sand-dust particles, which result in the dispersion and assimilating of light. Consequently, resultant image seems blurred and lacks contrast. Additionally, the alteration in color is attributed to the swift reduction of blue light. Adverse weather circumstances, such as fog, sand, and dust storms, cause problems with vision for deploying self-driving automobiles. To guarantee secure and seamless operations during frequent adverse weather conditions, video enhancement plays a vital role in facilitating vehicular mobility and navigational in both road and air transportation. To improve the safety and efficiency of operation, it is imperative to employ video dehazing techniques, particularly in adverse weather conditions. The purpose of our overview is to offer interested researchers a thorough and methodical examination of image enhancement approaches, serving as an important point of reference for their work. The text explored different image enhancement methods, along with the challenges, constraints, advantages, and drawbacks associated with using these techniques throughout the past five years. Specifically, it focused on three aspects: supervised algorithms, unsupervised algorithms, and quality evaluation.
A Study of the Effect of Reinforcement Layers on the Performance of Shallow Footing Under Machine Foundation Loads
Authors: A. Ekal Sura , H. AbidAwn Safa
Published: September 2024

This paper exhibits an experimental study the effect of numbers of layers of reinforcement on the behavior of shallow footing under machine foundation. A reinforcement was inserted in to the sandy soil of relative density 50% during the raining techniques with 30*30cm at distance (0.5B, B,2B,3B) in a steel container with dimensions (50*50*55) cm. The test was performed under a machine foundation at frequency 10, 15 HZ. This research aims to find the optimal number of layers of reinforcement with geogrid under the square foundation under the machine foundation. For this purpose, laboratory experiments were conducted. The factors that were studied to find the optimal number of layers of reinforcement include the optimal number of layers of reinforcement, as well as displacement amplitude, velocity, acceleration, and settlement. The results showed at frequency 10 HZ, the optimal number of layers was one layer. The percentage of improvement in displacement, velocity, and settlement was (26%,39% and 75%), while acceleration increased when using one layer. At frequency 15 HZ, the optimal number of layers was four layers. The percentage of improvement in displacement, velocity, and settlement was (34%,44% and 66%). We conclude from this research that the type of reinforcement gave good results in reducing displacement amplitude, velocity, and settlement, but does not give good results in reducing acceleration.
Undrained Shear Strength Mapping of Al-Khalis Districts: A Geotechnical GIS Approach
Authors: S. AbdulWahab Abdullah , A. Zakaria Waad , Kadhim Nada
Published: September 2024

A geographic information system is an integrated collection of computer applications and materials that it is employed to assess geographic relationships, model spatial processes, and analyze and arrange geographic data. The gathering, organizing, and analysis of geographic data are made easier with the use of a geographic information system (GIS). Information systems pertaining to geography Thus, it is employed in the gathering, examination, assessment, updating, and presentation of geographic data. This study dealt with Al-Khalis District, one of the five districts of Diyala Governorate. Al-Khalis District is in the western part of Diyala Governorate and the northern part of the capital, Baghdad, about 55 km north of the capital, Baghdad.  227 boreholes were collected for the entire governorate. The soil was classified, its properties were taken, and they were collected in an Excel sheet. After that, this data was entered into geographic information systems to produce clay shear strength maps. A very helpful soil map that can be used in all aspects through structural and engineering simulation is produced when GIS is used in conjunction with physical and strong geotechnical qualities. Building engineering facilities, roadways, and industrial structures may be made easier with the use of a GIS map. Additionally, it offers a strong tool for extrapolating developed regions. GIS soil maps are anticipated to positively influence the next geotechnical work. The results revealed a significant variance in shear resistance across the depths of the Khalis area, with the soil's strength ranging from weak to medium in the first layer and increasing downward with depth. So, we recommend not going for more than three multi-story buildings unless doing site investigation on the site and making sure it is suitable for that or using a pile foundation. This study aims to give geotechnical engineers and designers a first impression of the type of soil and help them quickly make decisions in terms of the type of foundations and the number of floors for multi-story buildings
Multi-cameras calibration System Based Deep Learning Approach and Beyond: A Survey
Authors: Shakir Mahmood Alaa , Taleb Bashar , Abdul-Wahab Adil
Published: September 2024

The process of determining camera settings to deduce geometric attributes from recorded sequences is known as camera calibration. This process is essential in the fields of robotics and computer vision, encompassing both two-dimensional and three-dimensional applications. Traditional calibration methods, however, are time-consuming and require specific expertise. Recent endeavors have demonstrated that learning-based systems can replace the monotonous tasks associated with manual calibrations. Responses have been examined through a range of learning techniques, networks, geometric assumptions, and datasets. A thorough examination of camera calibration systems that rely on learning algorithms is offered in this paper, assessing their advantages and disadvantages. The primary categories of calibration presented are the regular pinhole camera model, distortion camera model, cross-sensor model, and cross-view model. These categories align with current research trends and have diverse applications. As there is no existing standard in this field, a large dataset of calibration has been created, which can be used as a public platform to assess the effectiveness of current methods. This collection consists of both artificially generated and genuine data, including images and videos obtained from various cameras in different locations. The difficulties faced will be analyzed, and alternative avenues for further research will be suggested in the next stage of this project. This survey represents the initial attempt to perform camera calibration using learning-based methods spanning a period of eight years. Our findings indicate that learning-based methods significantly reduce the time and expertise required for calibration while maintaining or improving accuracy compared to traditional methods. Specifically, our research demonstrates a calibration error reduction of up to 20% and speed improvements by a factor of three compared to traditional methods, as well as better adaptability to different camera types and environments.