bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Орофаціальний біль і скронево-нижньощелепна патологія
Authors: Макєєв В. Ф. , Пупін Т. І. , Ключковська Н. Р. , Фецич О. Ю.
Published: August 2022

Резюме. У сучасній інтерпритації орофаціального болю стоматологам необхідно мати чітке уявлення про патогенез орофаціального болю, особливості патологічних проявів порушень у скронево-нижньощелепних суглобах і необхідність урахування стану щелепно-лицевої ділянки при здійсненні стоматологічного й ортопедичного лікування. Оптимальним при цьому є застосування мультидисциплінарного підходу до лікування цих проявів.

Мета дослідження – на підставі аналізу джерел науково-методичної інформації обґрунтувати доцільність застосування міждисциплінарного підходу до лікування хворих із частковою і повною відсутністю зубів та їх взаємозв’язку із проявами міалгій, артралгій, патології скронево-нижньощелепного суглоба.

Матеріали і методи. Бібліографічний аналіз питань взаємозв’язку проявів орофаціального болю і скронево-нижньощелепної патології.

Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Гострі та хронічні прояви орофаціального синдрому поділяються на три основні категорії: соматичні, нейрогенні та психогенні. На сьогодні встановлено наявність великої кількості різних патологічних взаємовпливів і поталогічних взаємодій із ділянки голови і шиї, що зумовлює помилкові інтерпритації лікарями клінічних проявів і помилкових діагнозів, які досить часто спостерігаються у клінічній практиці.

Висновки. Багатофакторність цієї проблеми значною мірою визначає структуру необхідних діагностичних і лікувальних заходів при плануванні стоматологічного, ортопедичного лікування й реабілітації пацієнтів. Задумкою низки авторів, найбільш ефективним рішенням проблеми орофаціального болю і патології скронево-нижньощелепних суглобів є міждисциплінарний підхід за участю стоматологів, оториноларингологів, реабілітологів та психотерапевтів. У рамках комплексного міждисциплінарного підходу до діагностики необхідним є застосування діагностичних методів дослідження з відповідною доказовою базою з метою верифікації больових нейром’язових або оклюзіїно-артикуляційних синдромів, а також оцінки їх системного впливу на біомеханіку взаємовідносин усіх елементів щелепно-лицевої ділянки.
Клінічна оцінка ефективності лікування генералізованого пародонтиту гелевою композицією із аторвастатином у пацієнтів з ішемічною хворобою серця
Authors: Мартовлос (Годована) О. І. , Скибчик О. В. , Соломенчук Т. М. , Гудзь Н. І.
Published: August 2022

Резюме. Упродовж останніх років зросла кількість наукових даних, що вказують на покращення клінічних та рентгенологічних показників стану тканин пародонта у пацієнтів з ішемічною хворобою серця (ІХС), котрі приймали препарати групи статинів. Статинам, окрім гіполіпідемічної дії та кардіопротекторних властивостей, притаманна ціла низка плейотропних ефектів, зокрема протизапальних, імуностимулюючих, антибактерійних, остеотропних тощо. З огляду на вищесказане, очікується, що статини у складі місцевих лікарських засобів можуть проявляти сприятливий вплив на стан тканин пародонта у комплексному лікуванні генералізованого пародонтиту (ГП).

Мета дослідження – провести оцінку клінічної ефективності використання екстемпоральної гелевої композиції, яка містить активну субстанцію аторвастатину кальцію, у комплексному лікуванні ГП у хворих на ІХС.

Матеріали і методи. Проведено пародонтологічне лікування  60 пацієнтів (середній вік – (56,6±0,9) року) з діагностованими ІХС та хронічним генералізованим пародонтитом (ХГП) початкового-І та ІІ ступенів тяжкості. Учасників дослідження поділили на дві групи: основна група та група порівняння (по 30 осіб у кожній групі). Додатково для місцевої терапії пацієнтам основної групи застосовували у вигляді пародонтальних пов’язок розпрацьовану гелеву композицію, що містить активну субстанцію аторвастатину кальцію. Ефективність лікування ХГП у групах порівняння оцінювали через 7 днів за допомогою клінічного обстеження та пародонтальних індексів.

Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. За даними об’єктивного пародонтологічного обстеження та індексної оцінки після проведеного лікування у пацієнтів основної групи спостерігалися більш високі темпи зниження запального процесу в тканинах пародонта. Покращення стану тканин пародонта в основній групі відбувалося у 1,5 раза швидше, ніж у групі порівняння, та характеризувалося вірогідно нижчими показниками глибини пародонтальних кишень (ПК) – (2,36±0,12) мм проти (2,82±0,13) мм, р<0,05; ступеня запалення ясен згідно з індексом РМА – (22,78±1,80) % проти (34,29±2,25) %, р<0,001; кровоточивості ясен згідно з індексом РВІ – (0,67±0,05) бала проти (1,02±0,07) бала, р<0,001.

Висновки. На основі динаміки змін клінічних та індексних показників тканин пародонта виявлено виражену терапевтичну ефективність гелевої композиції, що містить активну субстанцію аторвастатину кальцію. Дана гелева композиція може бути рекомендована як місцевий лікарський засіб у комплексному лікуванні ХГП у хворих на ІХС.
Патріот, лікар, науковець. До 80-річчя з дня народження професора Готя Івана Мирославовича
Authors: Варес Я. Е. , Гриновець В. С. , Винарчук-Патерега В. В.
Published: August 2022

Резюме. У спомині висвітлено основні віхи життя та різнопланові аспекти діяльності завідувача кафедри хірургічної стоматології та щелепно-лицевої хірургії Львівського національного медичного університету імені Данила Галицького  (1992–2012 рр.) професора І. М. Готя, який зробив значний внесок у розвиток хірургічної стоматології в Україні. Іван Мирославович залишиться у нашій пам'яті як світла людина з багатим життєвим досвідом та високим професіоналізмом.
РОЗРОБКА СКЛАДУ ТА ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ КОМБІНОВАНОГО ЗАСОБУ ДЛЯ ФАРМАКОТЕРАПІЇ АЛКОГОЛЬНОЇ ІНТОКСИКАЦІЇ
Authors: Rudakova O. V. , Gubar S. M. , Bezchasnyuk O. M. , Bevz N. Yu. , Smielova N. M. , Georgiyants V. A.
Published: August 2022

Мета роботи. Проведення фармако-технологічних досліджень із розробки складу та технології комбінованого лікарського засобу для фармакотерапії алкогольної інтоксикації у формі порошку для приготування орального розчину.
Матеріали і методи. При виконанні досліджень використано активні фармацевтичні інгредієнти та допоміжні речовини (сорбіт, фруктоза, глюкоза, сахароза, лимонна кислота моногідрат та лимонна кислота безводна), що за якістю відповідають вимогам нормативної документації. Аналіз проводили з використанням органолептичних, фізичних та фармако-технологічних методів дослідження.
Результати й обговорення. Експериментально обґрунтовано використання сорбіту як наповнювача та коригента смаку в лікарському засобі; розраховано масу кислоти лимонної безводної та натрію гідрокарбонату, які є оптимальними для створення шипучого ефекту при приготуванні орального розчину, а також зумовлюють найбільший індекс смакового відчуття; визначено основні фармако-технологічні характеристики препарату; розроблено ресурсозберігальну технологію промислового виробництва, визначено критичні параметри технологічного процесу.
Висновки. У результаті проведених комплексних досліджень розроблено склад оригінального комбінованого лікарського засобу для лікування алкогольної інтоксикації у формі порошку для приготування орального розчину в саше-пакетах на основі комбінації гліцину, глютамінової, ацетилсаліцилової та аскорбінової кислот.
МОРФОЛОГО-АНАТОМІЧНІ ТА ФЕНОЛОГІЧНІ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ДЕЯКИХ ВИДІВ РОДУ МИКОЛАЙЧИКИ
Authors: Gnatoyko K. V. , Grytsyk A. R.
Published: August 2022

Мета роботи. Макроскопічне дослідження видів роду Миколайчики, які зростають на території України; мікроскопічне дослідження миколайчиків плоских для встановлення основних діагностичних ознак; фенологічні спостереження за розвитком миколайчиків плоских.

Матеріали і методи. Для проведення досліджень за допомогою мікроскопії використовували повітряно-суху сировину та свіжозібрану і фіксовану в спирто-водно-гліцериновій суміші (1:1:1) рослинну сировину. Вивчення проводили за методиками Державної фармакопеї України. При вивченні тимчасових препаратів використовували оптичний приладу Delta Optical Genetic Pro, та фіксували за допомогою камери Delta Optical DLT-Cam Pro. Фенологічні спостереження проводили на дослідних ділянках та в природних умовах.

Результати й обговорення. В результаті проведених досліджень встановлено спільні та відмінні морфологічні ознаки для миколайчиків плоских, миколайчиків польових та миколайчиків приморських. Встановлено основні мікроскопічні діагностичні ознаки миколайчиків плоских. За допомогою фенологічних спостережень описані фази розвитку миколайчиків плоских.

Висновки. Відмінними діагностичними ознаками видів роду Миколайчики, які зростають на території України є висота стебла, забарвлення, форма листків та плодів. Встановлено мікроскопічні діагностичні ознаки миколайчиків плоских: слабозвивисті клітини верхнього та сильнозвивисті клітини нижнього епідермісу, продихи анізоцитного типу, друзи кальцію оксалату та головчасті волоски. Описано основні фази розвитку миколайчиків плоских.
Клінічний випадок хірургічного лікування дивертикульозу тонкої кишки з прикритою перфорацією дивертикула, утворенням абсцесів та дифузним гнійним перитонітом
Authors: Шепетько Є. М. , Єфремов В. В. , Полтавець Г. В. , Ушко В. В.
Published: August 2022

Описано клінічний випадок діагностики та успішного лікування пацієнта з дивертикульозом тонкої кишки, що ускладнився прикритою перфорацією дивертикула тонкої кишки з утворенням абсцесів та дифузним гнійним перитонітом.
ПРОФЕСІЙНЕ СПІЛКУВАННЯ ЛІКАРЯ З ПАЦІЄНТОМ У КАРДІОЛОГІЧНОМУ ВІДДІЛЕННІ: МЕТОДИЧНІ РЕКОМЕНДАЦІЇ ДЛЯ ОПАНУВАННЯ ТЕМИ АНГЛОМОВНИМИ ЗДОБУВАЧАМИ ВИЩОЇ МЕДИЧНОЇ ОСВІТИ
Authors: Тишковець М. П.
Published: August 2022

У статті відзначено про необхідність оволодіння українською мовою на фаховому рівні інакомовними студентами медичних закладів вищої освіти як одного з основних видів мовленнєвої діяльності в майбутній професії. Тут запропоновано навчально-методичні матеріали до теми «Професійне спілкування лікаря з пацієнтом у кардіологічному відділенні» для вивчення англомовними здобувачами вищої медичної освіти, апробовані на практичних заняттях у межах курсу «Професійна медична комунікація українською мовою лікаря з пацієнтом» у Тернопільському національному медичному університеті імені І. Я. Горбачевського МОЗ України. Визначено зміст та окреслено види робіт, що дозволяють одночасно з опануванням лексико-граматичного матеріалу реалізовувати найнеобхідніші комунікативні потреби для фахового спілкування лікаря-кардіолога з пацієнтом. У праці запропоновано види завдань для засвоєння теми іноземцями: опрацювання словника-мінімуму, читання тексту й вивчення нових слів і синтаксичних конструкцій у його контексті тощо. Ми рекомендуємо ряд післятекстових завдань, призначених для формування та розвитку мовної й мовленнєвої компетентностей інакомовців, зокрема: 1. Відповідайте на запитання до тексту. 2. Прочитайте речення. Напишіть, правильно чи неправильно. До неправильних речень доберіть із тексту точний варіант. 3. Продовжте речення. 4. Визначте хворобу за ключовими словами тощо. Далі пропонуємо іноземним студентам сконструювати власну бесіду лікаря-кардіолога з пацієнтом на основі діалогу-зразка.

Уважаємо, що такі навчально-методичні матеріали допоможуть студентам-іноземцям вільно спілкуватися із пацієнтом у кардіологічному відділенні, ставити йому запитання для збору анамнезу, сприймати і розуміти відповіді недужого, аргументовано висловлювати власні погляди стосовно лікування чи запобігання хворобі.
Distribution-Free Approach to the Design and Analysis of Randomized Stroke Trials With the Modified Rankin Scale
Authors: Zou Guangyong , Zou Lily , Choi Yun-Hee
Published: August 2022

Background:

Many methods have been suggested for analyzing the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). However, there lacks a unified approach to analysis and sample size determination that properly uses the ordinal nature of the data. We propose a simple method for CI estimation and corresponding sample size determination.

Methods:

We quantify treatment effect by the win probability (WinP) that a randomly selected patient in the treatment group has an equal or a better mRS score than a patient in the control group. Thus, a win probability of 0.5 means no effect, likened to a draw in competitive sports. We estimate the win probability and its SE based on the ranks of mRS scores, where tied scores are handled by average ranks. Corresponding methods for hypothesis testing, CI estimation, and sample size determination are derived. The methods are evaluated with a simulation study based on real data from 10 randomized stroke trials that used mRS as the outcome measure.

Results:

Simulation results demonstrated that the methods performed very well in terms of CI coverage, tail errors, and assurance to achieving the prespecified precision. Because the methods are very simple, we implemented them in an Excel spreadsheet, requiring only user inputs on frequencies of mRS scores in 2 comparison groups.

Conclusions:

Sound statistical methods are important for the success of randomized stroke trials. The proposed methods and associated spreadsheet should prove useful for stroke researchers in the planning and analysis of randomized trials. Meta-analysis has also been made easy for trials with ordinal scores.
Forecast Dropouts in the NAVGEM Model: Characterization with Respect to Other Models, Large-Scale Indices, and Ensemble Forecasts
Authors: McLay Justin G. , Satterfield Elizabeth
Published: August 2022

A forecast “bust” or “dropout” can be defined as an intermittent but significant loss of model forecast performance. Deterministic forecast dropouts are typically defined in terms of the 500-hPa geopotential height (Φ500) anomaly correlation coefficient (ACC) in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) dropping below a predefined threshold. This study first presents a multimodel comparison of dropouts in the Navy Global Environmental Model (NAVGEM) deterministic forecast with the ensemble control members from the Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) Global Ensemble Prediction System (GEPS) and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS). Then, the relationship between dropouts and large-scale pattern variability is investigated, focusing on the temporal variability and correlation of flow indices surrounding dropout events. Finally, three severe dropout events are examined from an ensemble perspective. The main findings of this work are the following: 1) forecast dropouts exhibit some relation between models; 2) although forecast dropouts do not have a single cause, the most severe dropouts in NAVGEM can be linked to specific behavior of the large-scale flow indices, that is, they tend to follow periods of rapidly escalating volatility of the flow indices, and they tend to occur during intervals where the AO and Pacific North American (PNA) indices are exhibiting unusually strong interdependence; and 3) for the dropout events examined from an ensemble perspective, the NAVGEM ensemble spread does not provide a strong signal of elevated potential for very large forecast errors.
Defining Pathogen and Susceptibility Patterns for Early Versus Late Ventilator Associated Pneumonia in Trauma Patients to Guide Empiric Treatment Decisions
Authors: Alexander Kaitlin M. , Davis S. Noelle , Butts C. Caleb , Morgan John , Croft Leah K. , Lee Yann-leei L. , Kinnard Christopher M. , Polite Nathan M. , Mbaka Maryann I. , Williams Ashley Y. , Barrington Robert A. , Audia Jonathon P. , Simmons Jon D.
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Studies have demonstrated that trauma patients with early-ventilator associated pneumonia (early-VAP, < 7 days) have decreased risk of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. We hypothesize that routinely using broad-spectrum antibiotics is unnecessary to treat trauma patients with the diagnosis of early-VAP.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included adult trauma patients with the diagnosis of VAP. The primary outcome was the presence of MRSA and/or P. aeruginosa in patients with early- and late-VAP. Secondary outcomes included the bacterial susceptibility of pathogens to methicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, ceftriaxone, piperacillin/tazobactam, and cefepime. Intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital length of stay (LOS), ventilator-free days, and in-hospital mortality were also collected.

Results

164 patients met inclusion criteria, and 208 organisms (n = 90 early vs n = 118 late) were identified by respiratory culture. The incidence of MRSA and P. aeruginosa in early-VAP was 7.7% (7/90) and 5.6% (5/90), respectively. The susceptibility of bacteria causing early-VAP to ampicillin/sulbactam and ceftriaxone was 73.3% (66/90) and 83.3% (75/90), respectively. Ventilator-free days at 30 days was similar between groups ( P = .649). Patients with late-VAP spent more time in the ICU ( P = .040); however, in-hospital mortality was higher in the early-VAP group ( P = .012).

Conclusions

Ampicillin/sulbactam or ceftriaxone monotherapy did not provide reliable broad-spectrum coverage for early-VAP in our cohort. These findings highlight the importance of each institution performing a similar analysis to ensure adequate initial treatment of VAP.
Early Identification of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Trauma Patients: Development of a Multivariable Risk Prediction Model
Authors: Kravets Victoria , McDonald Michael , DeRosa Joel , Hernandez-Irizarry Roberto , Parker Ruth , Lamis Dorian A. , Powers Abigail , Schenker Mara L.
Published: August 2022

Background

The purpose of this study was to build a risk prediction model to identify trauma patients at the time of injury who are at high risk for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) 1 year later.

Methods

Patients 18+ with operative orthopedic trauma injuries were enrolled in prospective social determinants of health cohort. Data were collected through initial surveys, medical records at time of injury, and 1-year follow-up phone screenings. Univariate analysis examined associations between factors and PTSD at 1 year. The best fit multivariable logistic regression model led to a novel PTSD risk prediction tool based on weights assigned similar to the Charlson index methods.

Results

Of 329 enrolled patients, 87 (26%) completed follow-up surveys; 58% screened positive for chronic PTSD. The best fit model predicting PTSD included age, insurance, violent mechanism, and 2 acute stress screening questions (AUC .89). Using these parameters, the maximum possible TIPPS index was 19. Those with PTSD at 1 year had a mean TIPPS index of 12.9 ± 4.0, compared to 5.9 ± 4.2 for those who did not ( P < .001).

Discussion

Traumatic injury often leads to PTSD, which can be predicted by a novel risk score incorporating age, insurance status, violent injury mechanism, and acute stress reaction symptoms. Stability in life and relationships with primary care physicians may be protective of PTSD.

Level of Evidence

Diagnostic level II.
Racial Disparities in the Operative Management of Orthopedic Trauma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Johnson Christopher T. , Tran Andrew , Preslar Jessie , Bussey-Jones Jada , Schenker Mara L.
Published: August 2022

Objective

The objective of this study was to investigate if race is associated with the likelihood of operative management of acute fractures.

Methods

A systematic review of the literature was performed using the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases to identify studies associated with social disparities and acute orthopedic trauma. Peer-reviewed studies commenting on social disparities and the decision to pursue operative or non-operative management of acute fractures were identified for detailed review. Study characteristics and odds ratios were extracted from each article. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. A quality analysis of the data was also performed.

Results

In total, 13 studies were identified and 8 were included in the meta-analysis totaling 743,846 fractures. Hip, distal radius, pelvic, tibial plateau, clavicle, femoral neck, and femoral shaft fractures were represented in this patient population. The meta-analysis demonstrated that White race is associated with a higher likelihood of operative intervention compared to all other races pooled together (odds ratio, 1.31; 95% confidence interval 1.16 to 1.47; p < .0001) as well as Black race (odds ratio 1.39; 95% confidence interval 1.12 to 1.72; p = .0025).

Conclusions

Non-White race and Black race are associated with a lower likelihood of receiving surgical management of acute orthopedic trauma. Surgeons and health systems should be aware of these inequities and consider strategies to mitigate bias and ensure all patients receive appropriate and timely care regardless of race.
Computed Tomography Embolus Texture Analysis as a Prognostic Marker of Acute Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Leonhardi Jakob , Bailis Nikolaos , Lerche Marianne , Denecke Timm , Surov Alexey , Meyer Hans-Jonas
Published: August 2022

Texture analysis is a quantitative imaging analysis that provides novel biomarkers beyond conventional image reading. Our aim was to use texture analysis of pulmonary emboli derived from thoracic computed tomography for prediction of mortality and prognosis of acute pulmonary embolism (PE). Overall, 216 patients (116 female, 53.7%) were included in the analysis. Texture analysis was calculated on axial slices of the contrast enhanced pulmonary angiography of the proximal embolus. Clinical scores, serological parameters, need for intubation, intensive care unit (ICU) admission and mortality was assessed and correlated with the texture features. In the correlation analysis, there were several associations with mortality in days, the highest for the parameter S(0,5)SumVarnc ( r = −0.43, P < 0.001). Another parameter, S(3,−3)AngScMom correlated with sepsis-related organ failure assessment score (SOFA)-score ( r = 0.31, P < 0.001). Several texture features correlated with venous lactate and glucose levels. In discrimination analysis, there were significant differences in regard to texture features between survivors and non-survivors and between patients with and without the need for ICU admission ( P = 0.02, respectively). These results highlight the potential clinical benefit of texture features in patients with acute PE as novel imaging biomarkers. Further studies are needed to validate these results.
Role of Systemic Immune-Inflammatory Index in Predicting the Development of In-Hospital Malignant Ventricular Arrhythmia in Patients With ST-Elevated Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Aksakal Emrah , Aksu Uğur , Birdal Oğuzhan , Öztürk Mustafa , Gülcü Oktay , Kalkan Kamuran , Korkmaz Ali F. , Korucu Cem , Lazoğlu Merve
Published: August 2022

Many complications can be observed after ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII) is a sensitive indicator of the inflammatory state, and this parameter may also be associated with cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we investigated the relationship between malignant ventricular arrhythmias (MVA) development and SII in STEMI patients. A total of 1708 STEMI patients were included in the study. Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was performed. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the development of MVA, and predictors of MVA development were investigated. After the PSM analysis, the mean age of 158 patients was 61.6 years, and 68.4% were male. In the univariate analysis, neutrophil count, SII, C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin, and CRP/albumin ratio (CAR) were associated with the development of MVA; while in the regression analysis, CAR and SII was found to be independent predictors of the development of MVA. In this study, we demonstrated that SII is a better independent predictor than other inflammatory parameters for predicting the development of MVA. This index may be useful in clinical use.
Seeing through the law: A debate on caste in medieval Dharmasastra
Authors: Davis Donald R.
Published: August 2022

It is well known that the legal texts of the Hindu tradition known as Dharmaśāstra vigorously defend caste and social hierarchy. Studies of the nature of caste in this textual tradition, however, have overlooked the important argument that legal texts and categories define and determine caste status. This article examines two major commentaries of the Dharmaśāstra tradition from medieval India and shows how they fit into a wider philosophical debate about the nature of caste as a social institution. With comparisons to studies of race in America, I emphasise the instability of sight or vision as the determinate factor in the social construction of caste. Rather, following medieval Hindu law authors, I argue that caste, like race, is produced and sustained through the cultivation and promulgation of legal rules and categories. The constitutive role of the law in the reproduction of caste thus has a deeper history that merits further attention to understand the sociology of caste.
Book review: Anil Kumar Vaddiraju, Urban Governance and Local Democracy in South India
Authors: Sivanna N.
Published: August 2022

Anil Kumar Vaddiraju, Urban Governance and Local Democracy in South India. Oxon and New York: Routledge, 2021, xvii+93 pp., ₹695.00.
Book review: Amitabh Rajan, Ethical Dimensions of Administrative Power
Authors: Gajanur Kiran M.
Published: August 2022

Amitabh Rajan, Ethical Dimensions of Administrative Power. New Delhi: SAGE Publications, 2021, 212 pp., ₹550.
Social determinants of mental health and adolescent anxiety and depression: Findings from the 2018 to 2019 National Survey of Children’s Health
Authors: Yang Phillip , Hernandez Brian S , Plastino Kristen A
Published: August 2022

Background:

There is a current crisis in children’s mental health. Defining social determinants of mental health (SDMH) facilitates investigations of social impact on mental health.

Aims:

To examine associations between nine SDMH and adolescent depression and anxiety in a U.S. nationally representative sample.

Methods:

Poor access to health care, caregiver underemployment, food insecurity, poorly built environment, housing insecurity, household dysfunction adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), racism, caregiver poor education, and poverty/income inequality were assessed from the 2018 to 2019 National Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH) ( N = 24,817).

Results:

The likelihood of reporting adolescent depression and/or anxiety was assessed for each SDMH using multinomial logistic regressions. All SDMH, besides caregiver underemployment, were associated with increased odds of reporting adolescent anxiety, depression, or anxiety and depression. Only household dysfunction ACEs and racism had statistically significant associations for all three mental health outcomes.

Conclusions:

Interventions targeting ACEs and racism may be more impactful in mitigating mental health challenges associated with SDMH during adolescence. The NSCH may provide an important public health tool to investigate SDMH in children.
Inconstant Care: Public Attitudes Towards Force Protection and Civilian Casualties in the United States, United Kingdom, and Israel
Authors: Dill Janina , Sagan Scott D. , Valentino Benjamin
Published: August 2022

The choice between protecting friendly soldiers or foreign civilians is a critical strategic dilemma faced in modern war. Prevailing theories suggest that casualties among both groups depress war support in Western democratic societies. Yet we know little about how ordinary citizens balance force protection and civilian casualty avoidance, and whether public opinion differs across Western democracies. Using survey experiments, we test three micro-foundations for what we call individuals’ “harm-transfer preferences:” self-interest, perception of soldiers’ consent to risk-taking, and nationalism. We find that respondents’ perception of soldiers’ consent and respondents’ nationalism explain individual-level variation in harm-transfer preferences. Moreover, Israeli citizens are significantly more likely than American or British citizens to prefer protecting friendly forces over avoiding foreign civilian casualties. This is associated with higher levels of nationalism and the perceptions that soldiers do not consent to risking their lives in Israel compared to the United States and the United Kingdom.
Outcomes of Students With Disabilities After Exiting From High School: A Study of Education Data Use and Predictive Analytics
Authors: Yamamoto Scott H. , Alverson Charlotte Y.
Published: August 2022

We conducted a study of predictive analytics (PA) applied to state data on post-school outcomes (PSO) of exited high-school students with disabilities (SWD). Data analyses with machine learning Random Forest algorithm and multilevel Bayesian ordered logistic regression produced two key findings. One, Random Forest models were accurate in predicting PSO. Two, Bayesian models found high-school graduation was the strongest predictor of higher education and reliably predicted the specific type of outcome relative to other outcomes. Limitations of this study are the data source and small number of predictors. Implications of the study for researchers and educators are discussed in conclusion.
A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Brands’ Owned Social Media on Social Media Engagement and Sales
Authors: Liadeli Georgia , Sotgiu Francesca , Verlegh Peeter W.J.
Published: August 2022

What are the effects of a brand's owned social media? This meta-analysis examines the impact of owned social media on social media engagement and sales. Whereas the findings support some current beliefs (e.g., owned social media are more effective to boost sales for new [vs. mature] products), it highlights several novel insights. Contrary to popular beliefs that owned social media mainly drive engagement and hardly affect sales, the results show the opposite, with an average elasticity of .137 for social media engagement and .353 for sales. In addition, the results suggest ways to better adapt owned social media content to communication goals. To create engagement, content needs to focus on emotional needs and steer away from deals, which are the least effective content type. To stimulate sales, content should be more functional, rather than emotional, in nature and communicate product benefits. Surprisingly, the authors find that growing a large social media community is not essential for boosting sales, as owned social media are more effective for brands with fewer followers. Furthermore, while using one global social media strategy is tempting, owned social media are more effective in countries with high power distance, calling for a less uniform approach.
Optimization of the Beijing Economy-Energy-Emissions System 2021–2035: A Scenario Simulation Analysis Based on a System Dynamics Model
Authors: Zhu Anfeng , Wang Daojuan , Chen Yinghan , Guo Zhengquan
Published: August 2022

This paper constructs an Economy-Energy-Emissions (3E) System Dynamics Model using the megacity of Beijing, China, as an example, to estimate the effects of different policy scenarios (including three single-policy scenarios and four combined-policy scenarios) on the core variables of Beijing's 3E system from 2021 to 2035. The results suggest two main points. (1) Following the current development trend, the proportion of the GDP represented by the added value of advanced high-precision industries (Gao Jing Jian in Chinese) will only be 43% in 2035, implying a limited role in promoting economic growth. Despite effective control of total energy consumption, fossil energy's share of total consumption will reach 57% by 2035, hindering the process of making the energy consumption structure cleaner and leading to failure to achieve the targeted inflection point in CO2 emissions by 2025. PM2.5 control shows some successful results and will decrease to 19 μ g/m3 in 2035. However, a gap compared to other world-class cities remains. (2) The implementation of a single policy for either industrial structure optimization, energy structure transformation, or emissions control cannot simultaneously meet the goal of high-quality coordinated development of Beijing's 3E system, whereas the comprehensive implementation of policies in all three dimensions is demonstrably effective.
Relationships Among Romantic Myths, Tolerant Attitudes Toward Abuse, and Teen Dating Violence Victimization: The Moderator Role of Gender
Authors: Cava María-Jesús , Castillo Isabel , Buelga Sofía , Tomás Inés
Published: August 2022

The aim of this study was to analyze the direct and indirect relationships between romantic myths of love and teen dating violence victimization (physical and psychological), considering the mediating role of tolerant attitudes toward abuse and the moderator role of gender. A sample of 467 adolescents who had a dating relationship at that time or in the previous 12 months (45.6% boys, Mage = 15.09, SDage = 1.46) participated. Results showed that tolerant attitudes toward abuse was a significant mediating variable in the relationship between romantic myths and psychological dating violence victimization only in adolescent girls. Psychological dating violence victimization was also a mediating variable in the relationship between tolerant attitudes and physical dating violence victimization in adolescent girls. These findings highlight the relevance of tolerant attitudes toward abuse in understanding teen dating violence victimization, especially in adolescent girls, and the need to include these attitudes in prevention programs.
Statewide Evaluation of the California Medical Supervision Program Using Cholinesterase Electronic Laboratory Reporting Data: An Update
Authors: Hung Stephanie , Laribi Ouahiba
Published: August 2022

The California Medical Supervision Program is designed to protect agricultural workers from overexposure to Toxicity Category I and II organophosphate (OP) and carbamate (CB) pesticides by routinely monitoring their blood cholinesterase (ChE) activity levels. ChE testing is conducted at State-approved laboratories and electronically reported to the Department of Pesticide Regulation (DPR) and the Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) for review. In 2015, OEHHA and DPR evaluated the effectiveness of the Program by analyzing ChE data from pesticide handlers performed between 2011 and 2013, which revealed issues with the data quality that hindered the evaluation process. Several interventions have been implemented since then to improve data quality and the overall function of the Program. A new evaluation was conducted in 2020 to 2021 using data from 2014 to 2019 to determine the effectiveness of the Program, Program compliance, and efficacy of the interventions. The analysis revealed similar data quality issues identified in the last evaluation, however, an improvement in data quality was observed. The number of individuals with ChE depression below the action level threshold have decreased in recent years, corresponding to the implementation of certain interventions, indicating that the effectiveness of the Program has improved. Spatial and temporal analysis showed the proportion of pre-exposure baseline tests inversely correlated with pesticide use data while routine follow-up ChE test results showed a positive correlation, indicating a high degree of Program compliance across the state. Major improvements in the data cleaning and analysis since the last evaluation have also improved the evaluation: pesticide handlers under the Program were able to be identified with more certainty and ChE depressions were able to be calculated with increased accuracy. However, further improvements to the data collection process could enhance future evaluations of the Program.
How Can Residents’ Air Transport Subsidies Affect Outbound Tourism behavior on Islands? Evidence from Spain
Authors: Jiménez Juan Luis , Pérez-Granja Ubay , Valido Jorge
Published: August 2022

Subsidizing residents on airlines is a common policy in a number of countries. However, the question arises as to how changes in this policy affect the travel behavior of residents in specific regions? To address this, we analyze the effect of an “exogenous shock” (i.e., an increase in the resident subsidy) on two Spanish archipelagos when they travel away from the islands. Our Difference-in-Difference and matching estimations find that the causal impact of the policy change is different for resident passengers across the two regions affected. Although the length of stay was reduced for resident passengers in both archipelagos by 10%–15% after the shock, their expenditure at destination per day increased by 13% on the Balearic Islands, while showing no significant change on the Canary Islands.

J.E.L. Codes: L83; H25; L93
Book review: Saiba Varma. 2020. The Occupied Clinic: Militarism and Care in Kashmir
Authors: Nairang Arif Hayat
Published: August 2022

Saiba Varma. 2020. The Occupied Clinic: Militarism and Care in Kashmir. Durham and London: Duke University Press. xx + 281 pp. Maps, figures, notes, bibliography, index. $27.94 (eBook)
The theopolitics of protest: Martyrdom in the Gujjar Andolan, the army and the epic
Authors: Bordia Devika
Published: August 2022

In this article, I examine the ways in which ideas of martyrdom are employed by Gujjars in Rajasthan to describe their experiences of participating in the 2006 and 2007 Gujjar Andolan (protest), serving in the army, and in their telling of the Devnarayan epic. I take as a starting point the manner in which the bodies of Gujjars killed in police firing during the andolan were laid out for 17 days at the site of the andolan while Gujjar men and women recited the Devnarayan epic. The laying out of the martyred bodies then becomes a site for the production of caste belonging and caste love.
Vesico-Vaginal and Recto-Vaginal Fistulae
Authors: Kelly J
Published: August 2022

A personal series of 716 patients with vesico-vaginal and/or recto-vaginal fistulae is presented. Five hundred and seventy-eight patients were managed in Africa, mainly at the Addis Ababa Fistula Hospital, while 138 were kindly referred to me from various parts of Britain. The main cause of such fistulae in the developing world is pressure necrosis from obstructed labour. In the developed world the actiology is surgery, malignancy, radiotherapy or a combination of these. Other causes include neglected foreign bodies, coital injury and 1ocal treatment by an unqualified practitioner. A vesico-vaginal fistula alone was present in 78.8%, a recto-vaginal fistula alone in 4.3%, while 16.9% of patients had both a vesico-vaginal and a recto-vaginal fistula. Six hundred and six (84.6%) patients were cured at the first attempt at repair, 45 (6.3%) failed and 65(9.1%) had stress incontinence.
Renal Conservation in the Management of Bilateral Renal Tumours
Authors: Holmes S A V , Christmas T J , Hendry W F , Kirby R S
Published: August 2022

We report five patients with bilateral tumours and review their management which include many of the therapeutic options that are available.
Loco-Regional Recurrence and Survival after Wide Local Excision, Radiotherapy and Axillary Clearance for Early Breast Cancer
Authors: Carpenter R , Royle G T , Hamilton M Cross C , Buchanan R , Taylor I
Published: August 2022

After breast conservation for early breast cancer which comprised wide local excision, axillary clearance and radiotherapy to the breast, 145 women have been followed prospectively for a median of 42 months. Local recurrence occurred in 11 (7%) and axillary recurrence in three (2%). Distant recurrence has occurred in 32 and accounted for 80% of all first recurrences.

Local treatment failure has occurred in three women and would not have been prevented by mastectomy. Loco-regional recurrence in the absence of preceding or synchronous distant disease was unusual and did not pose a significant clinical problem.
Botulinum Toxin Treatment of Spasmodic Torticollis
Authors: Anderson T J , Rivest J , Stell R , Steiger M J , Cohen H , Thompson P D , Marsden C D
Published: August 2022

We reviewed the efficacy and adverse effects of repeated botulinum toxin injections into hyperactive neck muscles of 107 successive patients with spasmodic torticollis. They received 510 injection treatments over a median period of 15 months (range 3–42 months). One patient failed to benefit at all, but 101 (95%) patients reported considerable (moderate or excellent) benefit from at least one treatment. On a global subjective response rating, 93% of 429 treatments resulted in some improvement and 76% in moderate or excellent improvement. Pain reduction followed 89% of 190 treatments with moderate or excellent reduction after 66%. Median duration of benefit was 9 weeks. All torticollis types responded equally well and injections into two (or more) involved neck muscles were more effective than injection into a single muscle. The most frequent adverse effect was dysphagia, occurring after 44% of all treatments, but this was severe after only 2%. Antibodies to botulinum toxin were detected in the serum of three out of the five patients in whom loss of treatment efficacy occurred. We conclude that botulinum toxin treatment is the most effective available therapy for spasmodic torticollis and practical advice is provided for anyone wishing to set up the technique.
Food Allergy-Fact or Fiction: A Review
Authors: Finn R
Published: August 2022

Food sensitivity is a common condition presenting with various clinical syndromes including migraine, urticaria, gluten enteropathy, Crohn's disease and irritable bowel syndrome. It is a heterogeneous condition affecting different organ systems and is also aetiologically diverse with subgroups due to allergy, pharmacological reactions, enzyme deficiencies and psychological causes. Clinical acceptance of food sensitivity has been delayed by the use of dubious diagnostic techniques by a minority of practitioners and the lack of laboratory diagnostic tests, but several double blind studies have now fully validated the existence of food sensitivity syndromes. More wide-spread recognition of food sensitivity would be cost effective for the National Health Service.
Eye Tests in the Elderly: Factors Associated with Attendance and Diagnostic Yield in Non-Attenders
Authors: Webster E , Wilson A , Barnes G
Published: August 2022

Patients aged 60–75 years registered with one inner city general practice were sent a questionnaire asking when they last received an eye check by an optometrist. Of the 193 (77%) who responded, 110 (59%) had attended in the last 2 years, and 138 (74%) in the last 3 years. Males and those with mobility problems were less likely to have had their eyes checked. Seventy-seven previous non-attenders were offered an appointment with an optometrist and this was accepted by 34 (44%). These individuals showed a high level of ophthalmic morbidity. Discussion of optometric checks should be included in general practice health checks and the elderly surveillance programme.
Treatment of Leg Ulcers
Authors: Bourne I H J
Published: August 2022

A system of treatment of venous leg ulcers by leg elevation, dry gauze dressings and inelastic bandage boots is compared with regimens in which a series of elastic bandage boots are applied to squeeze oedema from swollen ulcerated legs.
The Role of the Fifth Digit in Music: Discussion Paper
Authors: O'Donovan D K
Published: August 2022

The increasing digital skill made manifest in the development of instrumental music is reviewed and supports the hypothesis that the fifth digit was belatedly used even when a suitable instrument had already become established. With notable exceptions, such as the harp, it appears that progressive improvements in instrument design was influenced by the need to utilize the fifth digits. Its greater use was accomplished in overlapping stages of increasing dexterity, of which the highest is exemplified by the left hand of the violinist. The apparent evolutional background of these observations is discussed. It is proposed that man has an inherent atavistic tendency to ignore the fifth digit and this view agrees with its neglect in gesture and sign language.
Extra-Articular Tenodesis for Anterior Cruciate Deficient Knees: A Review of the Ellison Repair
Authors: Marston R A , Chen S C
Published: August 2022

Twenty-two patients who underwent an Ellison extra-articular tenodesis for anterolateral instability of the knee, performed by one surgeon (SCC), have been reviewed after a mean follow-up of 59 months. Seventy-seven per cent had a good or excellent result enabling them to return to their pre-injury level of sport. These results compare very favourably with intra-articular repair but are not associated with such severe complications.
The Management of Dental Problems Presenting to an Accident and Emergency Department
Authors: Pennycook A , Makower R , Brewer A , Moulton C , Crawford R
Published: August 2022

Patients with dental diagnoses, not necessarily traumatic, often present to accident and emergency departments and general medical practitioners. Few doctors have received much, if any, education in the management of these patients. A 6 month prospective study revealed 107 patients (0.3% of new attenders) attending the accident and emergency department of Glasgow Royal Infirmary. Only 19 of these had suffered trauma. Medical staff in the department were only rarely able to make any diagnosis, and management of these patients took place on an empirical, symptomatic basis. Management could be improved by better education of medical students and doctors. Use of an algorithm may be appropriate.
The Impact of the First 3 Years of Breast Cancer Screening on the Overall Presentation of Breast Cancer
Authors: Moody Christine , Corder Allan , Mullee M A , Guyer P , Rubin C , Cross M , Royle G T , Taylor I
Published: August 2022

We have assessed the effect of the first round of the Breast Cancer Screening Programme on the presentation of breast cancer in the Southampton Health District with respect to number of cases and pathological characteristics. A retrospective comparative survey of the presentation of breast cancer in the 3 years prior to breast cancer screening (1985–1988) with the presentation of breast cancer during the prevalent round of breast cancer screening (1988–1991) was performed.

During the period of study 1536 cases of breast cancer presented. Six hundred and sixty presented in the years prior to screening and 864 during the first round of screening. All patients lived within the Southampton Health District.

The study was designed to assess the changes in breast cancer presentation with regard to age, pathological characteristics, and treatment.

Even allowing for the increases in the local population there was a significant increase in the number of cases of breast cancer diagnosed (χ2=23.7, df=1, P< 0.001). The majority of this increase was in the 50–64 age group. There was also a significant shift towards an earlier stage at diagnosis and a significant reduction in tumour size when all cases were included (mean 26 mm versus 34 mm P< 0.001). Screening also created the opportunity for less invasive treatment. Consequently there was a rise in the number of excisions by localization biopsy from 1% to 13% during the screening period.

In conclusion, the National Breast Cancer Screening Programme (NBCSP) has had a significant impact on the presentation of breast cancer. This has resulted in a greater awareness of the disease with earlier presentation, smaller tumours, and a higher local excision rate in the study group.