bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of the association between perinatal depression and cognitive development in infancy in low and middle-income countries
Authors: Bluett-Duncan Matthew , Kishore M. Thomas , Patil Divya M. , Satyanarayana Veena A. , Sharp Helen
Published: June 2021

The association between perinatal depression and infant cognitive development has been well documented in research based in high-income contexts, but the literature regarding the same relationship in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) is less developed. The aim of this study is to systematically review what is known in this area in order to inform priorities for early intervention and future research in LMICs. The review protocol was pre-registered on Prospero (CRD42018108589) and relevant electronic databases were searched using a consistent set of keywords and 1473 articles were screened against the eligibility criteria. Sixteen articles were included in the review, seven focusing on the antenatal period, eight on the postnatal period, and one which included both. Five out of eight studies found a significant association between antenatal depression (d = .21-.93) and infant cognitive development, while four out of nine studies found a significant association with postnatal depression (d = .17-.47). Although the evidence suggests that LMICs should prioritise antenatal mental health care, many of the studies did not adequately isolate the effects of depression in each period. Furthermore, very few studies explored more complex interactions that may exist between perinatal depression and other relevant factors. More high-quality studies are needed in LMIC settings, driven by current theory, that test main effects and examine moderating or mediating pathways to cognitive development.
Antirheumatic therapy is not associated with changes in circulating N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels in patients with autoimmune arthritis
Authors: Nguyen Thao H. P. , Fagerland Morten Wang , Deyab Gia , Hjeltnes Gunnbjørg , Hollan Ivana , Feinberg Mark W. , Eilertsen Gro Ø , Mikkelsen Knut , Agewall Stefan
Published: June 2021

Background

Patients with autoimmune arthritis (AA) are at increased risk for impaired cardiac function and heart failure. This may be partly due to the effect of inflammation in heart function. The impact of antirheumatic drugs on cardiac dysfunction in AA remains controversial. Therefore, we aimed to examine effects of antirheumatic treatment on serum N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in AA patients and its relationship to inflammatory markers.

Methods

We examined 115 patients with AA (64 rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 31 psoriatic arthritis and 20 ankylosis spondylitis) starting with methotrexate (MTX) monotherapy or tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) with or without MTX co-medication. NT-proBNP (measured in serum by ECLIA from Roche Diagnostics), and other clinical and laboratory parameters were evaluated at baseline, after 6 weeks and 6 months of treatment.

Results

NT-proBNP levels did not change significantly after 6 weeks and 6 months of antirheumatic therapy (pbaseline-6weeks= 0.939; pbaseline-6months= 0.485), although there was a modest improvement from 6 weeks to 6 months in the MTX only treatment group (median difference = -18.2 [95% CI = -32.3 to -4.06], p = 0.013). There was no difference in the effects of MTX monotherapy and TNFi regimen on NT-proBNP levels. The changes in NT-proBNP after antirheumatic treatment positively correlated with changes in C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Baseline NT-proBNP levels were related to baseline CRP and ESR levels, and some other established markers of disease activities in crude analyses.

Conclusion

Circulating levels of NT-proBNP were related to established inflammatory markers at baseline, and the changes in NT-proBNP after antirheumatic treatment were positively related to these markers. Nevertheless, antirheumatic therapy did not seem to affect NT-proBNP levels compared to baseline, even though inflammatory markers significantly improved.
An introduction to DUIA: The database on urban inequality and amenities
Authors: Ramos Frederico Roman , Uitermark Justus
Published: June 2021

This article introduces DUIA, the Database on Urban Inequality and Amenities. DUIA includes data on the socio-economic development and amenities of 86 cities. The database especially covers cities outside the West, providing new opportunities for comparative research in fields suffering from a dearth of data. DUIA addresses three concerns that have not been resolved by other databases on cities. First, we draw upon remote sensing derived data from the Atlas of Urban Expansion to more accurately define city boundaries. Second, we draw upon survey data stored in IPUMS (Integrated Public Use Microdata Series) to include extensive, harmonized, and disaggregated data. Third, we use open source software and share our scripts to ensure transparency and replicability. DUIA includes information on dwelling and household characteristics, educational attainment, ownership of assets and appliances, and access to amenities. We provide illustrative analyses on asset inequality and water access to demonstrate the potential for the database. Although we also identify several limitations, DUIA represents a step forward in the systematic study of inequality and amenities over time and across cities.
Identification of fragment ions produced by the decomposition of tetramethyltin and the production of low-energy Sn+ ion beam
Authors: Yoshimura Satoru , Sugimoto Satoshi , Takeuchi Takae , Murai Kensuke , Kiuchi Masato
Published: June 2021

Tetramethyltin was decomposed in an ion source and the fragment ions produced were identified using a low-energy mass-selected ion beam machine. Dominant fragment ions were found to be H+, CH2+, and Sn+. Subsequently, fragment ions were mass-selected. The mass spectrum of the selected ions indicated that only a single peak appeared at the mass number of 120 u, being suggestive of the presence of 120Sn+ ions. The ion energy was set at the range of 20–100 eV. The Sn+ ion beam was irradiated to a Si substrate, and a film was then found deposited on the substrate after the ion beam irradiation. An X-ray diffraction measurement showed that the film obtained was metallic Sn. Then, the Sn+ ion beam was irradiated to a quartz crystal microbalance substrate. We found that most of the irradiated Sn+ ions were adhered to the substrate, at the ion energy levels of 25 and 58 eV, producing the Sn film, whereas a 107 eV Sn+ beam caused a significant proportion of Sn atoms in the film to detach from the substrate, probably due to sputtering.
Impact of prior Dengue immunity on Zika vaccine protection in rhesus macaques and mice
Authors: Larocca Rafael A. , Abbink Peter , Ventura John D. , Chandrashekar Abishek , Mercado Noe , Li Zhenfeng , Borducchi Erica , De La Barrera Rafael A. , Eckels Kenneth H. , Modjarrad Kayvon , Busch Michael P. , Michael Nelson L. , Barouch Dan H.
Published: June 2021

Pre-existing immunity to flaviviruses can influence the outcome of subsequent flavivirus infections. Therefore, it is critical to determine whether baseline DENV immunity may influence subsequent ZIKV infection and the protective efficacy of ZIKV vaccines. In this study, we investigated the impact of pre-existing DENV immunity induced by vaccination on ZIKV infection and the protective efficacy of an inactivated ZIKV vaccine. Rhesus macaques and mice inoculated with a live attenuated DENV vaccine developed neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) to multiple DENV serotypes but no cross-reactive NAbs responses to ZIKV. Animals with baseline DENV NAbs did not exhibit enhanced ZIKV infection and showed no overall reduction in ZIKV vaccine protection. Moreover, passive transfer of purified DENV-specific IgG from convalescent human donors did not augment ZIKV infection in STAT2 -/- and BALB/c mice. In summary, these results suggest that baseline DENV immunity induced by vaccination does not significantly enhance ZIKV infection or impair the protective efficacy of candidate ZIKV vaccines in these models. These data can help inform immunization strategies in regions of the world with multiple circulating pathogenic flaviviruses.
Investigation of the effects of some processing conditions on the fate of oxytetracycline and tylosin antibiotics in the making of commonly consumed cheeses from the East Mediterranean
Authors: Hassan Hussein F. , Saidy Liz , Haddad Rita , Hosri Chadi , Asmar Shady , Jammoul Adla , Jammoul Rola , Hassan Hamad , Serhan Mireille
Published: June 2021

Background and Aim: Transfer of antibiotics from raw milk to derived products is directly related to the processes involved in the manufacturing of dairy products, including East Mediterranean cheeses, since these have particular flow diagrams of production. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of skimming, pasteurization, curding, pressing, salting, cheese boiling, and whey acidification/heating on two widely used antibiotics in Lebanon, oxytetracycline (OTC) and tylosin (TYL), in the manufacture of commonly consumed cheeses in the East Mediterranean.

Materials and Methods: Four hundred and fifty kilograms of full-fat bovine milk were spiked with OTC and TYL, then skimmed and pasteurized using holder and high-temperature short-time (HTST) methods. Milk was then processed to make cheeses (23 kg Baladi, 20 kg Akkawi, 20 kg Halloum, and 18 kg Double Cream). Liquid chromatography–mass-spectrometry was used to measure antibiotics. Analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences v25.

Results: Skimming significantly (p=0.015) decreased TYL concentration by 68.6%. OTC degradation during holder (41- 54%) proved to be significant (p=0.015). HTST had a significant (p=0.012) effect on TYL with 32% degradation. Curding step in making Baladi had a significant (p=0.028) effect on OTC only with the concentration increasing by 1.5-fold. Acidification and heating of whey to produce Double Cream decreased significantly (p=0.037) OTC concentration (14.7- 46.3%), while TYL concentration increased significantly (p=0.000) by 300%. Pressing and salting in making Akkawi did not have any significant effect, while cheese boiling in making Halloum significantly decreased both antibiotics.

Conclusion: OTC is transferred to Baladi and Akkawi (curd based) mainly, while double cream (whey based) has a high level of TYL transfer. Hence, people who consume these cheeses excessively could be exposed to high amounts of both antibiotics and thus be prone to their detrimental effect on health.
Decolonialidade e educação do campo: diálogos em construção
Authors: Zeferino Jaqueline Cardoso , Dos Passos Joana Célia , Paim Elison Antonio
Published: June 2021

Que desafios estão postos à formação de educadoras e educadores do campo para que gênero, raça e natureza sejam incorporados plenamente ao seu marco conceitual, metodológico e político, enquanto categorias úteis para a superação da lógica monorracial, monocultural e heteropatriarcal que organiza a educação brasileira? Esta é a questão que propomos para conduzir as reflexões sobre os diálogos em construção entre decolonialidade e formação de educadoras e educadores do campo. Neste ensaio, cujo o ponto de partida é a atuação junto aos movimentos sociais do campo, especialmente os movimentos de mulheres, negros, quilombolas e feministas, decolonialidade e educação do campo são compreendidas enquanto movimento, práxis política e epistêmica.
Questão agrária, movimentos sociais e educação do campo: conquistas, desafios e retrocessos
Authors: Trindade Domingos Rodrigues da , Costa Orlando Santana
Published: June 2021

Este artigo busca discutir a tríade Questão Agrária, Movimentos Sociais e Educação do Campo, em uma perspectiva analítica conceitual ao modo de produção camponesa frente ao capitalismo agrário, tendo como pressuposto a relevância dos movimentos sociais no processo histórico contra-hegemônico. Utilizou-se como base para coleta de dados a pesquisa bibliográfica de caráter qualitativo a partir de estudos de autores que discutem o tema e buscam destacar a importância de uma reforma agrária popular para diminuir as desigualdades sociais no campo e por uma Educação do Campo libertadora que priorize a cultura camponesa. Assim, destacamos que a luta dos movimentos sociais não é apenas por terra, mas também por um projeto popular de Educação do Campo que incorpore o conhecimento dos camponeses à reflexão acerca do trabalho e das lutas sociais.
Quem necessita de projetos sociais esportivos? direitos a menos e diferenciais de demandas
Authors: Hecktheuer Luiz Felipe Alcantara
Published: June 2021

Este ensaio toma como provocação para o pensamento a seguinte questão: Quem necessita de projetos sociais esportivos? Duvidando sobre a necessidade de tais projetos, posicionamos estes num campo contingente. Para isto, os problemas ou questões sociais que tais projetos visam amenizar são tomados como componentes de um estado de direitos a menos que o público alvo deles estaria submetido. Constitui-se, assim, através de uma estratificação do social uma população com direitos a menos. A partir de resultados produzidos em pesquisas sobre o tema projetos sociais esportivos diagnosticamos um diferencial de demandas entre os objetivos explicitados pelos proponentes de tais projetos e aquilo que visam os participantes do seu público alvo. Tais constatações demonstradas através de resultados destas pesquisas nos permitiram ensaisticamente suspeitar sobre a necessidade destes projetos.
Tacit knowledge in water management: a case study of Sponge City
Authors: Yao Zeyu , Bell Sarah
Published: June 2021

Sustainable, resilient
urban water management is fundamental to good environmental and public health. As an interdisciplinary task, it faces enormous challenges from project complexity, network dynamics, and the tacit nature of knowledge being communicated between actors involved in design, decisions and delivery. Among others, some critical and persistent challenges to the implementation of sustainable urban water management include the lack of knowledge and expertise, lack of effective communication and collaboration, and lack of shared understanding and context. Using the Chinese Sponge City programme as a case study, this paper draws on the perspectives of Polanyi and Collins to investigate the extent to which knowledge can be used and exchanged between actors. Using Collins’ conceptualisation of the terrain of tacit knowledge, the study identifies the use of relational, somatic, and collective tacit knowledge in the Sponge City pilot project. Structured interviews with 38 people working on a Sponge City pilot project provided data that was rigorously analysed using qualitative thematic analysis. The paper is original in using theories of tacit knowledge to explain barriers and pathways for information and messages being communicated between actors in urban water management. The methods and results provide the groundwork for analysing the access and mobilisation of tacit knowledge in the Sponge City pilot project, with relevance for other complex, interdisciplinary environmental projects and programmes.
Causative Factor of Library Usage Among Digital Native
Authors: Srirahayu Dyah Puspitasari , Harisanty Dessy , Anugrah Esti Putri
Published: June 2021

Research on library use has been carried out with the results that the level of library use by digital natives is still relatively low. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors that cause digital native users to use or not use a library. The method of this study use a descriptive qualitative research methods, and total of 341 digital natives in 25 cities in East Java were given open questions to express their experiences when using a library, resulting in 991 answers (respondents answered more than 1 opinion about the library). The data analysis technique was carried out in 3 stages namely open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. The result of this study found something new that the main factor of library use or not use is service quality (68.9 %) not from external factor, where users prioritise comfort while in the library, even though the internet as a library rival and as a source of information offers the speed and ease of access to information. Because of that innovation is done by improving the factors that cause users to use or not use the library.
A deep learning approach to student registered nurse anesthetist (SRNA) education
Authors: Walker Julia K. L. , Richard-Eaglin Angela , Hegde Akhil , Muckler Virginia C.
Published: June 2021

Objectives

This manuscript describes the application of deep learning to physiology education of Student Registered Nurse Anesthetists (SRNA) and the benefits thereof. A strong foundation in physiology and the ability to apply this knowledge to challenging clinical situations is crucial to the successful SRNA. Deep learning, a well-studied pedagogical technique, facilitates development and long-term retention of a mental knowledge framework that can be applied to complex problems. Deep learning requires the educator to facilitate the development of critical thinking and students to actively learn and take responsibility for gaining knowledge and skills.

Methods

We applied the deep learning approach, including flipped classroom and problem-based learning, and surveyed SRNA students (n=127) about their learning experience.

Results

Survey responses showed that the majority of students favored the deep learning approach and thought it advanced their critical thinking skills.

Conclusions

SRNAs reported that their physiology knowledge base and critical thinking benefited from the use of the deep learning strategy.
Carbon nanostructure-based superhydrophobic surfaces and coatings
Authors: Saji Viswanathan S.
Published: June 2021

Research and development on superhydrophobic carbon nanostructures and their nanocomposites have high industrial significance. Here, a comprehensive review of the topic is provided. Reported works on superhydrophobic surfaces and coatings of carbon nanotubes, nanofibres, nanospheres/nanothorns/others, nanodiamond, fullerene and their various nanocomposites with metals, ceramics, and polymers are described. Superhydrophobic nanostructured carbon soot, graphitic carbon, and others are also presented. The section on superhydrophobic graphene is presented concisely at the end. Reports in different application areas, including anti-corrosion, anti-icing, oil separation, anti-biofouling, and sensors, are discussed separately. Superoleophobic and superamphiphobic surfaces are also discussed.
Mensch-Roboter-Kollaboration in der Kommissionierung
Authors: Zhang Minqi , Semar Thomas , Grosse Eric H. , Winkelhaus Sven , Glock Christoph H.
Published: June 2021

Die Kommissionierung weist in den meisten Unternehmen einen hohen Anteil an manueller Arbeit auf und ist sehr zeit- und kostenintensiv sowie fehleranfällig. Um diesen Prozess zu automatisieren, wurden autonome Roboter entwickelt. Eine modularisierte Lösung stellt die kollaborative Kommissionierung dar, welche die Vorteile der manuellen und robotergestützten Kommissionierung kombiniert. Dieser Beitrag systematisiert die kollaborative Kommissionierung und entwickelt ein Simulationsmodell, um deren Potenziale herauszustellen.
Optimization of Test Conditions for Evaluating Hydrogen Embrittlement Susceptibility of High-Strength Steel for Prestressed Concrete Poles
Authors: Watanabe Masamitsu , Fujimoto Norihiro , Takeuchi Yosuke , Sawada Takashi
Published: June 2021

We optimized the test conditions for evaluating the hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility of High-strength steel used in prestressed concrete. Through experiments, we clarified the effects of an applied potential and ammonium thiocyanate (NH4SCN) concentration on hydrogen content. An applied potential of −1.0 V versus Ag-AgCl Electrode (SSE) and an NH4SCN concentration of 1.0 wt. % were optimal for the test. We also determined the dimensions of the test cell and test temperature. Experiments in which we soaked different lengths of specimens and changed the solution volume to specimen area ratio led us to design a test cell with a soaking length of 15 cm and an inner diameter of 8 cm. A test temperature of 50°C was chosen for acceleration of hydrogen embrittlement.
Performance Evaluation of Lime, Cement and Alkali-Activated Binder in Fiber-Reinforced Expansive Subgrade Soil: A Comparative Study
Authors: Syed Mazhar , GuhaRay Anasua , Garg Ankit
Published: June 2021

Expansive subgrade soils show early distresses causing distortion and premature failure to pavement structures. In the present study, an attempt is made to enhance the subgrade strength characteristics of the expansive soil by treatment with an alkali-activated binder (AAB) and reinforcement with four types of fibers (polypropylene [PF], glass, hemp, and coir fiber [CF]). The research also compares the effectiveness of fiber reinforcement in geopolymerized alkaline soil with the traditional lime and cement binders. AAB is produced by the reaction in an alkaline activator of sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide with aluminosilicate precursors (Class-F fly ash and slag) by maintaining a 0.4 water-to-solid ratio. The effect of varying dosages of fibers and slag/fly ash ratio in the alkaline, lime, and cemented soil mixture on unconfined compressive strength (UCS), split tensile strength (STS), and flexural and penetration resistance is evaluated through a series of geomechanical and microstructural characterization tests. California bearing ratio (CBR) and flexural strength (Sf) are chosen as a subgrade strength performance indicator for fiber-reinforced soil. It is observed that PF-AAB soil shows higher interfacial bonding with strong interlocking density and tensile cracking resistance. The combined inclusion of fiber reinforcement (> 0.5 %) with 0.66 slags/fly ash ratio (S40 F60) in the alkaline mixture increased the subgrade strength performance indicator (flexural and elasticity) by around 35 %–40 % over the lime-cement soil-fiber mixture. The corresponding CBR, UCS, and STS values were also found to have increased by 55 %–65 %. Furthermore, the uncertainties associated with subgrade strength failure are predicted in the form of the CBR reliability index using Monte Carlo simulation through a nonlinear regression model developed from experimental results. The study shows that the optimum dosages of fiber reinforcement and slag/fly ash are essential factors for regulating the volumetric instability and tensile cracks of expansive soil.
Pandemi krizi döneminde bağımsız denetim için yeni bir anlayış
Authors: Kardeş Selimoğlu Seval , Yeşilçelebi Gül , Altunel Mehtap
Published: June 2021

2019 yılı Aralık ayında Çin’in Wuhan kentinde ortaya çıkan COVID-19 salgını, birçok alanda değişimin yaşanmasına neden olmuştur. Uzaktan denetim konusu son yıllarda hem akademisyenler hem de uygulayıcılar tarafından konuşulan bir konu olmakla birlikte, bu konuya ilişkin birçok uygulama alternatifleri de sunulmaktadır. Bu alternatiflerin bir kısmı uygulamaya konulmakla birlikte, bir kısmı hakkında tartışmalar devam etmektedir. COVID-19 salgın döneminde uzaktan (evden) çalışma stratejisinin uygulanmaya başlanmasıyla birlikte, uzaktan denetim konusunun hızlıca hayata geçirilmesi ve gerekli düzenlemelerin yapılması zorunlu hale gelmiştir. Bu süreçte bağımsız denetim standartlarının, COVID-19 salgını bağlamında amacına uygun olmaya devam etmesi ve mevcut belirsizlik ortamında denetim kalitesinin salgın öncesindeki ölçüde sürdürülmesi önemlidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, COVID-19 salgın döneminde, bağımsız denetim kapsamında denetim sürecinde hangi konuların dikkate alınması gerektiği, teknolojik fırsatlar ve bağımsız denetim standartları çerçevesinde hangi yönde düzenlemeler yapıldığı konusunda bir bakış açısı oluşturmaktır. Bu çalışma bir derleme makalesi olup, çalışmanın amacı doğrultusunda ilgili literatür taraması yapılarak oluşturulmuştur. Çalışma sonucunda, COVID-19 salgın döneminde BDS 315-330-540-560-570-600-700-720 kapsamında çeşitli düzenlemeler yapıldığına ulaşılmıştır. Bunun yanında teknolojinin kanıt toplama, sayım yapma, görüşmelerin yürütülmesi vb. alanlarda yardımcı olacağı ve çeşitli uygulamaların mevcut olduğuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu noktada, özellikle denetçilerin teknoloji kullanmalarından kaynaklı oluşabilecek yeni risklere karşı dikkat etmeleri gerekmektedir.
İş tatmini ile tükenmişlik ilişkisi: Bir meta-analiz çalışması
Authors: Erdoğan Pınar
Published: June 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye coğrafyasında faaliyet gösteren örgüt çalışanlarında tükenmişlik ve iş tatmini arasındaki ilişkinin incelendiği çalışmaların toplam etkisini meta-analiz yöntemiyle belirlemektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, Ocak 2010 ve Aralık 2019 tarihleri arasında tükenmişlik ile iş tatmini ve tükenmişlik ile iş doyumu konularını ele alan tez ve makalelerden elde edilen veriler kullanılmıştır. Meta-Analiz çalışmasına tükenmişlik ve iş tatmini (iş doyumu) ilişkisini araştıran ve korelasyon verilerini kullanarak etki büyüklüğünü hesaplamak için gereken korelasyon (Pearson) katsayısı ve örneklem sayısı bulunan 72 çalışma sonucu dahil edilmiştir. Çalışma analizleri CMA 3.0 programı aracılığıyla elde edilmiştir. Yayın yanlılığı, Huni Grafiği, Begg ve Mazumdar Testi ve Hata Koruma Sayısı N istatistiği ile incelenmiştir.  Etki büyüklükleri korelasyon verilerini kullanarak hesaplanmış, sonuçlar Cohen d etki büyüklüklerine göre yorumlanmıştır. Rassal etki modeli analiz sonuçlarına göre tükenmişlik ve iş tatmini arasındaki ilişki orta düzeydedir (EB= -0,457, p <0,005).  Araştırmaya dahil edilen çalışmaların örneklem çeşidi, çalışma bölgesi ve çalışma yıl aralığı değişkenlerinin tükenmişlik ve iş tatmini ilişkisinde moderatör rolü bulunmamaktadır.
Girişimcilik, inovasyon ve ekonomik büyümenin küresel rekabet üzerine etkisi: Panel veri analizi
Authors: Kurtulmuş Ceyda , Karaman Akgül Arzu
Published: June 2021

Literatürde yer alan çalışmalara bakıldığında sıklıkla karşımıza inovasyonun ekonomik büyüme üzerine etkileri ve rekabet üzerine etkileri ile ilgili çalışmalar çıkmaktadır. Yapılan çalışmalarda inovasyon göstergeleri olarak patent sayıları ve Ar-Ge çalışmalarına yapılan harcama değişkenleri kullanıldığı görülmüştür. Girişimcilik ile ilgili çalışmalarda ise girişimciliği temsil eden faktörler olarak yeni firma sayıları, yeni süreç göstergeleri, istihdam verileri vb. değişkenler kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmayla amaçlanan rekabetin temel taşlarından olan inovasyon ve girişimciliğin ekonomik büyüme ile ele alınarak küresel rekabet üzerine etkisinin birlikte incelenmesidir. Bu bağlamda, çalışmada hem zaman boyutu hem de birim boyutunun beraber ele alınabilmesi imkânını sağlayan panel veri analizi kullanılmıştır Çalışmada 2006-2016 yılları arasında 18 ülkenin inovasyon, girişimcilik ve ekonomik göstergeleri kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda Ar-Ge harcamalarının etkisinin gecikmeli yansıyor olabilmesinden dolayı küresel rekabet üzerinde negatif etkisi olduğu görülmüştür. Ekonomik büyümenin, yeni iş yoğunluğu ve patent sayılarının ise küresel rekabeti olumlu etkilediği görülmüştür.
Yabancı pazarlara giriş stratejilerini belirleme: Analitik hiyerarşi süreci (AHP) tabanlı bir analiz
Authors: Çakıroğlu Metin , Can Esin
Published: June 2021

Günümüzün küresel dünyasında gelişmekte olan ülkeler hem bir pazar olarak hem de uluslararasılaşma stratejileri doğrultusunda bir dış yatırımcı olarak oldukça aktif bir oyuncu niteliğindedir. Gelişmekte olan ülke işletmeleri bir veya daha fazla ülkede yatırım yapmayı stratejik olarak gerekli bulmakta ve buna göre pazara giriş yolları aramaktadır.
Çalışmada, Türkiye gibi gelişmekte olan ülke firmalarının, yabancı pazarlara girmeyi düşünen yöneticileri için, yabancı pazara giriş stratejileri alternatiflerini belirlemek ve karar almalarını kolaylaştırmak amacıyla bir metodoloji geliştirilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Metodoloji, yabancı pazara giriş stratejileriyle ilgili riskler ve belirsizliklerle ilgilenmekte ve pazara girişin hangi yolla olması gerektiği konusunda yol gösterici nitelik taşımaktadır. Araştırma farklı alternatifler arasından en uygun olanının seçilmesine olanak vermesi ve ev sahibi ülke ile belirsizlikler karşısında işletmelerin daha kolay ve daha doğru karar almasını sağlama özelliğine sahip olmasından dolayı Analitik Hiyerarşi Prosesi (AHP) ile kurgulanmıştır. Araştırma da pazara girişi etkileyen ana kriterler içinde ev sahibi ülke faktörleri en yüksek öneme sahip ana kriter olmuştur. Bununla birlikte Türk Çokuluslu İşletmelerinin (TÇUİ) farklı pazara giriş alternatifleri arasından yüksek düzeyde kontrol gücü sağlayan ortak girişim ve doğrudan yabancı yatırım stratejilerini daha yüksek düzeyde tercih ettiği belirlenmiştir.
Phaeochromocytomas overexpress insulin transcript and produce insulin
Authors: Følling Ivar , Wennerstrøm Anna B , Eide Tor J , Nilsen Hilde Loge
Published: June 2021

Introduction

Phaeochromocytomas are tumours originating in the medulla of the adrenal gland. They produce catecholamines, and some tumours also produce ectopic hormones. Two types of glucose imbalances occur in phaeochromocytoma patients, hyperglycaemia and hypoglycaemic attacks. Therefore, we tested whether insulin transcript (INS), insulin, and a hybrid read-through transcript between exons from insulin and insulin-like growth factor 2 (INS-IGF2) were expressed in phaeochromocytomas.

Methods

We measured the expression of insulin using immunohistochemistry. The expression of INS-IGF2 was determined by qRT-PCR in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue from 20 phaeochromocytomas. The expression of INS and INS-IGF2 transcriptswas also analysed in 182 phaeochromocytomas and paragangliomas using publicly available datasets in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Database.

Results

Of 20 phaeochromocytomas, 16 stained positive for insulin. The distribution of positive cells was mostly scattered, with some focal expression indicating clonal expansion. Nineteen tumours expressed high levels of INS and INS-IGF2 transcripts. The expression of the two transcripts corresponded closely. In the TCGA dataset, phaeochromocytoma expresses higher levels of INS and INS-IGF2 transcripts compared to the normal non-tumour adrenal glands. Thus, the expression of INS and INS-IGF2 seems to be a general phenomenon in phaeochromocytoma.

Conclusion

Most phaeochromocytomas contain cells that overexpress INS and INS-IGF2 transcripts. Most tumours also display heterogeneous expression of polypeptides immunoreactive to monoclonal anti-insulin antibodies. Clinically this may relate to both hyperglycaemia and hypoglycaemic attacks seen in patients with phaeochromocytoma as well as autocrine tumour growth.
Utilisation potentials of invasive plants in the Owabi dam in the Ashanti region of Ghana
Authors: Banunle Albert , Fei-Baffoe Bernard , Miezah Kodwo , Ewusi-Mensah Nana , Jørgensen Uffe , Aidoo Robert , Amoah Alice , Abaidoo Robert Clement , Agbeshie Alex Amerh
Published: June 2021

This paper provides a compendium of the utilisation potential of aquatic invasive plants found in the Owabi Dam in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. In total, seven aquatic invasive plants were identified in the Owabi Dam, which included Ceratophyllum demersum, Nymphaea odorata, Polygonum lanigerum, Arthropteris orientalis, Typha domingensis, Pistia stratiotes, and Cyprus papyrus. Some of the identified invasive plants were found to be highly nutritious and suitable for human consumption or use as feed for livestock, fish, and poultry. Other plants had high medicinal potential and aesthetic value. Several of the invasive plants were suitable for bio-industrial usages as feedstock to produce biofuels, insecticides, and biofertilizer, among other products. Therefore, if an effective utilization method of these currently unutilized aquatic invasive plants is established, it can provide a source of livelihood and income generation for individuals and households and contribute to controlling the impact of invasive plants on the Owabi Dam.
Pretreatment of kraft lignin by deep eutectic solvent and its utilization in preparation of lignin-based phenolic formaldehyde adhesive
Authors: Xian Xiteng , Wu Shubin , Wei Wenguang , Zhang Fengshan
Published: June 2021

To improve the reactive sites of kraft technical lignin, a deep eutectic solvent (DES) composed of ZnCl2 / lactic acid was used to pretreat kraft lignin from coniferous wood. The modified and unmodified lignin were used to replace different proportions of phenol (50%, 60%, and 70%) to prepare the lignin-phenol-formaldehyde (LPF) adhesive. The phenolic hydroxyl content of DES-treated lignin increased from 3.12 wt% to 3.93 wt% and methoxy content decreased from 11.83 wt% to 6.64 wt% under optimized experimental conditions. The bond strength of LPF adhesive prepared by DES reagent activated lignin was higher than that of the control sample. When the substitution degree of modified lignin for phenol reached 70%, the bond strength of the plywood prepared by the DES-pretreated lignin was 0.79 MPa and the free formaldehyde content was 0.28%, which met the requirements of the Chinese national standard GB/T 9846 (2015). However, the viscosity was higher than the control sample, and results indicate that DES reagent modification cannot improve the viscosity of LPF resin.
Utilization of melamine impregnated paper waste as a filler in thermoplastic composites
Authors: Bozkurt Fatma , Avci Büşra , Mengeloğlu Fatih
Published: June 2021

The potential utilization of melamine impregnated paper (MIP) waste in thermoplastic composites was investigated. Composites were also manufactured utilizing wood flour (WF) at the same filler rates for comparison. The composites were manufactured using a compression molding method. The effects of filler type and filler rate on the mechanical properties of low-density polyethylene (LDPE)-based composites were evaluated. Mechanical properties, such as tensile and flexural strengths, were determined in accordance with ASTM D638 (2001) and ASTM D790 (2003), respectively. Results showed that filler type and filler content had significant effects on all mechanical properties investigated. Both fillers improved all mechanical properties except for tensile strength and elongation at break of LDPE. In conclusion, MIP waste has a potential to be utilized in thermoplastic-based composite manufacturing and might generate some economic and environmental benefits.
THE EFFECT OF AVASIN THERAPY ON COGNITIVE, EXECUTIVE, AND ATTENTION FUNCTIONS IN ADHD CHILDREN: A CASE SERIES
Authors: Tansir Andika , Paramitha Gian G. , Putri Gita , Wiharmawan Vicky , Hamdani Deny , Dewi Suzy Y. , Rayadi Harry
Published: June 2021

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral disorder that most commonly occurs in children. The number of ADHD events is getting more increase. Its handling takes a long time so that the use of Complementary Alternative Medicine (CAM) is increasingly in demand. CAM is used by 60-65% of parents with ADHD children to improve symptoms and reduce side effect of conventional medication. Avasin therapy is one the complementary treatments that we used to treat ADHD children.We conducted avasin therapy to 3 children with ADHD. Before and after avasin therapy, the three children were examined by Children's Color Trail Test to access cognitive nd function, BRIEF 2 to access executive function, as well asTOVA and QEEG Brain Mapping to assess attention function.The changes in values on Children's Color Trail Test, nd BRIEF 2 , TOVA, and QEEG Brain Mapping were obtained after a series of avasin therapy.
As Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação como possibilidade para a gestão da informação no âmbito da política de assistência estudantil
Authors: Teodosio Sheila de Sousa , Paulo Parente Dheysa , Vieira Alves Francisco Régis
Published: June 2021

A assistência estudantil, que se materializa pelo Decreto nº 7.234/2010, tem por finalidade ampliar as condições de permanência e contribuir para o êxito estudantil. Para isso, oferta uma multiplicidade de ações e exige a intervenção de profissionais de diversas áreas, que precisam de dados dos estudantes para atendê-los nas suas necessidades individuais e coletivas. Este artigo objetiva discutir a importância do uso das TICs na gestão da informação no âmbito da política de assistência estudantil, visto que o uso de ferramentas inteligentes pode possibilitar a otimização da coleta, sistematização e integração dos dados estudantis. Utilizando uma abordagem qualitativa, a presente pesquisa é do tipo bibliográfica e documental, elaborada a partir de produções teóricas presente em artigos, dissertações e documentos públicos que versam sobre a temática. Concluiu-se que a utilização das TICs como ferramenta de gestão da informação na assistência estudantil é incipiente e se revela uma necessidade, uma vez que possibilitam uma melhor organização das informações, facilitando a tomada de decisões e qualificando os serviços ofertados.
A bizánci szónok: Michaél Psellos
Authors: Farkas Zoltan
Published: June 2021

Egy epigramma (poem. 86 Westerink), egy szentéletrajz (Vita Auxentii) és a kortörténet (Chronographia) néhány szemelvényének elemzésével a tanulmány azt mutatja be, hogy a szónoki képzés során oktatott beszédgyakorlatok (összehasonlítás, jellemábrázolás, leírás) hogyan jelennek meg a bizánci szónok, Michaél Psellos irodalmi műveiben, akinek történetírását különösen a korban fokozatosan átalakuló műfajban, a kortörténetben alkalmazott jellemrajzok teszik egyedivé.

Analysing an epigram (poem. 86 Westerink) and passages from the Life of St Auxentius and Chronographia the paper focuses on how the rhetorical exercises (comparison, personification, description) used in the course of oratorical studies appear in the literary works of the Byzantine writer, Michael Psellus. It is the device of characterization applied in the gradually developing genre of historia what makes Psellus’ opus magnum, an account of contemporary Byzantine history, truly unique.
Klasszikus és új motívumok egy bizánci regényben
Authors: L. Delbó Katalin
Published: June 2021

A tanulmányban Nikétas Eugenianos, XII. századi bizánci író Drosilla és Chariklés című regényének motívumkincsével foglalkozom. Az elemzés első részében a klasszikus, hellénisztikus regényekből örökölt motívumokat mutatom be, és megvizsgálom, hogy azok hol és hogyan tűnnek fel Eugenianos művében. A második részben a Drosilla és Chariklés költői motívumrendszerét elemzem, középpontban a fényesség-sötétség, kő (kőszívűség) és harmat (δρόσος) motívumokkal. A vizsgálat során arra a következtetésre juthatunk, hogy a szerző a motívumok formálásánál rendkívül tudatosan járt el, és hogy a regényműfaj tekintetében újnak tekinthető motívumok jól ismertek az ókori görög költészetből – azaz Eugenianos az újításaihoz is az irodalmi hagyományból merített.

The subject of the study is with the motifs of the twelfth-century Byzantine novel Drosilla and Charicles by Nicetas Eugenianos. In the ﬁrst part of this paper, I present traditional literary motifs inherited from Hellenistic novels and analyze where and how they appear in Drosilla and Charicles. In the second part, I examine the poetic motifs of Eugenianos’s romance with a focus on the motifs of brightness-darkness, stone (stone-heart) and dew (δρόσος). In the course of the study, it became clear, that the writer is extremely conscious of working with classical motifs, and we can conclude too, that the new motifs of this romance are well known from ancient Greek poetry.
High performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method development and validation for determination of doxycycline hyclate in capsule and tablet formulations
Authors: Kumssa Lensi , Layloff Thomas , Hymete Ariaya , Ashenef Ayenew
Published: June 2021

According to World Health Organization (WHO) 10% of the medicines in the Low and Middle Income Countries (LMICs) are of poor quality posing a major public health threat. One way to circumvent such problem is the development and deployment of rapid, economical and efficient analytical methods. Hence this research aims to develop a High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) method for the determination of doxycycline hyclate. A rapid and simple HPTLC method with densitometry detection at 360 nm to determine doxycycline hyclate in capsules and tablet formulations was developed and validated. HPTLC was performed on glass plates coated with C18 reverse phase silica gel 60 F254 and pretreated with 0.27 M ethylenediaminetetraaceticacid (EDTA) solution. The mobile phase was dichloromethane: methanol: acetonitrile: 1% aqueous ammonia in the ratio of 10:22:53:15 (v/v). The linearity range lies between 200 and 1,000 ng/spot with correlation coefficient of 0.997. The Rf value is 0.5 ± 0.02%. Recoveries were in the range of 94.50–100.5%. Limit of detection and limit of quantitation values for doxycycline hyclate were 40 and 160 ng/spot respectively. The developed method was validated as per ICH guidelines. Thus, it was found to be accurate, precise, specific and robust. In forced degradation study, doxycycline hyclate was found to degrade in acidic and alkaline media, and through oxidative stress. The drug was found to be relatively stable to heat and photo degradation. The method was successfully applied for the routine quantitative analysis of dosage forms containing doxycycline hyclate. The developed method offered comparable results (as confirmed by F-test) with that of the HPLC pharmacopoeial (BP) analysis method.
Reframing market-orientation: A comparative study of the market orientation concept in the subcultures of university employees
Authors: Chandler Nick , Heidrich Balázs , Szászvári Karina , Kása Richárd
Published: June 2021

In a higher education institution, perceptions and values are split due to the emergence of subcultures, and market orientation is split into competitive, customer (student) and interfunctional orientation. This study seeks to shed light on the concept of market orientation in this context through a comparison of perceptions and values of market orientation in subcultures in a higher education institution in Hungary and consider avenues for potential best practice. Through a mixed method approach, subcultures are identified and are found to exhibit a combination of overlapping and disparate market-oriented values and perceptions. Market orientation is found to be a continuum and affected by an array of latent variables, such as level of support (institutional and collegial), attitudes to performance appraisal and extent of external focus. Management must tailor the initial message of a market orientation strategy to the shared values at the organizational level, and then adjust the message and incentives to each subculture. In this way, management can create an atmosphere of cohesion, whilst addressing diversity in subcultures.
Un pícaro cincuentón: el tiempo en «Alonso, mozo de muchos amos», de Jerónimo de Alcalá Yáñez
Authors: Donoso-Rodríguez Miguel
Published: June 2021

El presente trabajo analiza desde un punto de vista temporal la estructura narrativa de la novela picaresca Alonso, mozo de muchos amos, de Jerónimo de Alcalá Yáñez, publicada en dos partes en 1624 y 1626, la cual se desdobla en dos planos: primero, el de la novela marco o dialogada, en la cual Alonso conversa en el presente con un interlocutor distinto en cada parte de la novela; en segundo lugar, el de la novela autobiográfica, correspondiente al pasado del protagonista y contenida en sus intervenciones en el diálogo. En esta última se pueden rastrear una serie de datos cronológicos que nos permiten calcular la avanzada edad que tenía el pícaro al finalizar la narración.
Convencer mirando a cámara: el minuto de oro de los debates electorales como refugio de condensación retórica
Authors: Gallardo-Paúls Beatriz
Published: June 2021

En este trabajo se estudian los “minutos de oro” de los debates electorales televisados en España entre 1993 y 2019. La metodología se ajusta al análisis del discurso de base cognitiva, analizando tres indicadores pragmáticos que podrían revelar una evolución en tres etapas de la política española: la fase del bipartidismo (1993-2011), una fase de ajuste (2011-2015) y una fase de multipartidismo (2015-2019). Según estas tres fases, se analizan los espacios discursivos dependientes de la estrategia predicativa, la fuerza ilocucional predominante, y la utilización de las superestructuras. Se concluye que para las tres fases son relevantes, sobre todo, las variables referidas al uso de las personas enunciativas (lo que apunta a la introducción del ethos del discurso), y el recurso a actos de habla de ilocutividad directiva y expresiva (que refuerzan la introducción del pathos). Estos predominios se refuerzan con un nivel alto de elaboración retórica y una preferencia por la estructura enumerativa.
Naturally occurring photosensitizers and photodynamic therapy: laser or sun?
Authors:   Student’s Scientific Club of English Division at the Medical College of Rzeszów University, Rzeszów, Poland, Dynarowicz Klaudia
Published: June 2021

Introduction. Our understanding of photodynamic therapy (PDT) is crucial for the applications of this treatment. In this physical phenomenon occurs light absorption by the applied photosensitizer, which results in its excitation to higher electron levels. After activation, a series of complex physicochemical processes take place in the tissues, Aim. The aim of this study was to describe the basic naturally occurring photosensitizers used in PDT techniques. This study clarified applications of photosensitizers. Material and methods. This study was used basic information about PDT reaction and the selective destruction of the tumor by photooxidation: a photosensitizer, a light source and oxygen. The papers reviewed here are based on Medline/Pub. Analysis of the literature. Photodynamic therapy is an innovative form of treatment. This method is not a commonly used therapeutic and therapeutic tool, but a supplement to many already tested and analyzed techniques. Thanks to continuous research, this method has a wider and wider range of applications in medicine. Conclusion. The data indicates increased number of papers regarding applications of PDT in medicine.
Autogenous Dentin With Calcium Sulfate as Graft Material: A Case Series
Authors: Flanagan Dennis
Published: June 2021

There have been recent reports of successful use of fragmented autogenous dentin being used as a graft material in implant dentistry. This may reduce morbidity and the need for a second donor site or for the use of alloplasts or allografts. This article discusses the background, preparation, and use of autogenous dentin as an oral osseous graft material. A series of cases where autogenous dentin is used to graft immediate dental implant sites is presented. After 21 months, one case biopsy showed only bone and no remnant dentin. Pulverized autogenous dentin may be an appropriate graft material in implant dentistry.
Everyday Life and the Other World of Art: A Distorted Reflection
Authors: Zaks Lev , Snigireva Tatiana , Soboleva Larisa
Published: June 2021

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