bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of patient‐specific simulation workflow for obstructive sleep apnea diagnosis and treatment with a mandibular advancement device
Authors: Pugachev Alexander , Arnold Marleen , Burgmann Sebastian , Janoske Uwe , Bicsák Ákos , Abel Dietmar , Linssen Johannes , Bonitz Lars
Published: May 2020

A computational fluid dynamics simulation workflow was developed to analyze the upper airway of patients with obstructive sleep apnea, which is a potentially serious sleep‐related breathing disorder. A single characteristic parameter was introduced to assess the severity of sleep apnea on the basis of the numerical results. Additionally, a fluid‐structure interaction simulation was applied to study in detail the behavior of compliant pharyngeal walls. An experimental setup was designed to validate the patient‐specific upper airway modeling. The suitability of the characteristic parameter was demonstrated in a retrospective analysis of radiological and clinical data of 58 patients as well as a prospective analysis of 22 patients. The simulation workflow was successfully used as part of an ongoing clinical investigation to predict the outcome of the obstructive sleep apnea treatment with a mandibular advancement device. The simulation results provided essential information about the critical region in the pharynx for the selection of an appropriate treatment and readily demonstrated the effect of mandibular protrusion on the air flow in the upper airway.
Change of Quadrupole Moment upon Excitation and Symmetry Breaking in Multibranched Donor‐Acceptor Dyes
Authors: Szakács Zoltán , Tasior Mariusz , Gryko Daniel T. , Vauthey Eric
Published: May 2020

Upon photoexcitation, a majority of quadrupolar dyes, developed for large two‐photon absorption, undergo excited‐state symmetry breaking (ES‐SB) and behave as dipolar molecules. We investigate how the change of quadrupole moment upon S1←S0 excitation, ΔQ, influences the propensity of a dye to undergo ES‐SB using a series of molecules with a A‐π‐D‐π‐A motif where D is the exceptionally electron‐rich pyrrolo[3,2‐b]pyrrole and A are accepting groups. Tuning of ΔQ is achieved by appending a secondary acceptor group, A’, on both sides of the D core and ES‐SB is monitored using a combination of time‐resolved IR and broadband fluorescence spectroscopy. The results reveal a clear correlation between ΔQ and the tendency to undergo ES‐SB. When A is a stronger acceptor than A’, ES‐SB occurs already in non‐dipolar but quadrupolar solvents. When A and A’ are identical, ES‐SB is only partial even in highly dipolar solvents. When A is a weaker acceptor than A’, the orientation of ΔQ changes, ES‐SB is observed in dipolar solvents only and involves major redistribution of the excitation over the D‐π‐A and D‐A’ branches of the dye.
What is the relationship between fear of self, self‐ambivalence, and obsessive–compulsive symptomatology? A systematic literature review
Authors: Godwin Tanya L. , Godwin Hayward J. , Simonds Laura M.
Published: May 2020

Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is one of the most debilitating health conditions in the world. There has been a vast amount of research into factors that increase the likelihood of developing OCD, and there are several explanatory models. Current cognitive models of OCD can be split into appraisal‐based and self‐doubt models. To date, cognitive–behavioural therapy for OCD (grounded in appraisal‐based models) is the recommended treatment approach, and research into the importance of self‐doubt beliefs has been somewhat neglected. This paper therefore aims to consolidate current research, utilizing a systematic review approach, to establish the relationship between fear of self, self‐ambivalence, and obsessive–compulsive symptomatology. A systematic search was conducted based on inclusion criteria identified for this review. Papers were then individually appraised for quality and key data extracted from each paper. A total of 11 studies were included in the final sample. Fear of self and self‐ambivalence were both consistently found to be significant predictors of obsessive–compulsive symptomatology. In particular, research suggests that there is a strong link between self‐doubt beliefs and obsessions and obsessional beliefs related to OCD. Limitations of the review and suggestions for future research are made and applications to clinical practice discussed.
An Efficient Electrochromic Supercapacitor Based on Solution‐Processable Nanoporous Poly{tris[4‐(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)phenyl]amine}
Authors: Lv Yaokang , Yang Xing , Du Weishi , Ma Peihua , Wang Hu , Bonnefont Antoine , Wright Dominic S. , Ruhlmann Laurent , Zhang Cheng
Published: May 2020

A new green synthetic route to tris[4‐(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)phenyl]amine (TEPA) monomer has been developed and the molecular structure of TEPA has been determined by using single‐crystal XRD. Solution‐processable nanoporous poly{tris[4‐(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)phenyl]amine} (PTEPA) is prepared by a chemical oxidative polymerization in a microemulsion. Based on the distorted structure of TEPA in the solid state, it is proposed that dendritic PTEPA has a distorted 3 D conformation with multiple twisted channels and pores that are narrowed and blocked by bifurcation and distortion of PTEPA, which is consistent with the observed hierarchical pore structure. As a cathode material, PTEPA exhibits a discharge capacity of 89.5 mAh g−1 in the initial cycle with a highly sloping two‐stage discharge curve and relatively stable cycling performance. Beyond its excellent energy storage properties, PTEPA also shows relatively good electrochromic performance. Furthermore, an efficient all‐solid‐state electrochromic supercapacitor (ECSC) with good electrochromic performance and high energy storage capacity (13.3 mF cm−2) is assembled from PTEPA and nanoporous graphene films. During charge–discharge processes, the color of the ECSC changes between yellow‐green and steel blue. Thus, the energy storage level of the ECSC can be monitored by the corresponding color changes. The fabricated ECSC may have practical applications, for example, in self‐powered electrochromic smart windows.
Kinetics of Secondary Reactions Affecting the Organosolv Lignin Structure
Authors: Meyer James R. , Li Huiyong , Zhang Jialiang , Foston Marcus B.
Published: May 2020

Many valorization approaches for lignin rely on its organic solvent (organosolv) extraction. However, the severity of the extraction conditions required to obtain high lignin extraction generally results in low‐quality lignin for downstream processing. To better understand the secondary reaction pathways and kinetics related to molecular alterations that result from organosolv extraction under extreme conditions, extractions were conducted at temperatures of 150, 180, and 210 °C. Lignin was collected at residence times between 0.25 and 18 h and analyzed by NMR techniques to quantify the concentrations of key chemical moieties that appear or disappear upon reactions of lignin molecules during and after their fractionation from biomass. The kinetics of chemical moiety evolution was modeled as processes in‐series. In these models, pseudo first‐order kinetics were used to describe the change in concentration of chemical moieties on extracted lignin as a function of residence time.
High‐Resolution Imaging Flow Cytometry Reveals Impact of Incubation Temperature on Labeling of Extracellular Vesicles with Antibodies
Authors: Tertel Tobias , Bremer Michel , Maire Cecile , Lamszus Katrin , Peine Sven , Jawad Rim , Andaloussi Samir E.L. , Giebel Bernd , Ricklefs Franz L. , Görgens André
Published: May 2020

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released from basically all cells. Over the last decade, small EVs (sEVs; 50–150 nm) have gained enormous attention in diagnostics and therapy. However, methodological limitations coupled to the lack of EV standards leave many questions in this quickly evolving field unresolved. Recently, by using enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP)‐labeled sEVs as biological reference material, we systematically optimized imaging flow cytometry for single sEV analysis. Furthermore, we showed that sEVs stained with different fluorescent antibodies can be analyzed in a multiparametric manner. However, many parameters potentially affecting the sEV staining procedure still require further evaluation and optimization. Here, we present a concise, systematic evaluation of the impact of the incubation temperature (4°C, room temperature and 37°C) during sEV antibody staining on the outcome of experiments involving the staining of EVs with fluorescence‐conjugated antibodies. We provide evidence that both the staining intensity and the sample recovery can vary depending on the incubation temperature applied, and that observed differences are less pronounced following prolonged incubation times. In addition, this study can serve as an application‐specific example of parameter evaluation in EV flow cytometry. © 2020 The Authors. Cytometry Part A published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
The effects of canagliflozin compared to sitagliptin on cardiorespiratory fitness in type 2 diabetes mellitus and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: The CANA‐HF study
Authors: Carbone Salvatore , Billingsley Hayley E. , Canada Justin M. , Bressi Edoardo , Rotelli Brando , Kadariya Dinesh , Dixon Dave L. , Markley Roshanak , Trankle Cory R. , Cooke Richard , Rao Krishnasree , B. Shah Keyur , Medina de Chazal Horacio , Chiabrando Juan Guido , Vecchié Alessandra , Dell Megan , L. Mihalick Virginia , Bogaev Roberta , Hart Linda , Van Tassell Benjamin W. , Arena Ross , Celi Francesco S. , Abbate Antonio
Published: May 2020

Background

Canagliflozin reduces hospitalizations for heart failure (HF) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Its effect on cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiac function in patients with established HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is unknown.

Methods

We conducted a double‐blind randomized controlled trial of canagliflozin 100 mg or sitagliptin 100 mg daily for 12 weeks in 88 patients, and measured peak oxygen consumption (VO2) and minute ventilation/carbon dioxide production (VE/VCO2) slope (co‐primary endpoints for repeated measure ANOVA time_x_group interaction), lean peak VO2, ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VAT), cardiac function and quality of life (ie, Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire [MLHFQ]), at baseline and 12‐week follow‐up.

Results

The study was terminated early due to the new guidelines recommending canagliflozin over sitagliptin in HF: 17 patients were assigned to canagliflozin and 19 to sitagliptin, total of 36 patients. There were no significant changes in peak VO2 and VE/VCO2 slope between the two groups (P = .083 and P = .98, respectively). Canagliflozin improved lean peak VO2 (+2.4 mL kgLM−1 min−1, P = .036), VAT (+1.5 mL kg−1 min−1, P = .012) and VO2 matched for respiratory exchange ratio (+2.4 mL Kg−1 min−1, P = .002) compared to sitagliptin. Canagliflozin also reduced MLHFQ score (−12.1, P = .018).

Conclusions

In this small and short‐term study of patients with T2DM and HFrEF, interrupted early after only 36 patients, canagliflozin did not improve the primary endpoints of peak VO2 or VE/VCO2 slope compared to sitagliptin, while showing favourable trends observed on several additional surrogate endpoints such as lean peak VO2, VAT and quality of life.
Pharmacokinetics and subjective effects of 1P‐LSD in humans after oral and intravenous administration
Authors: Grumann Christina , Henkel Kerstin , Brandt Simon D. , Stratford Alexander , Passie Torsten , Auwärter Volker
Published: May 2020

1‐Propanoyl‐lysergic acid diethylamide (1P‐LSD) appeared as a non‐controlled alternative to LSD a few years ago. Although evidence is beginning to emerge from in vitro and animal studies that 1P‐LSD might serve as a prodrug for LSD, an equivalent evaluation in humans is unavailable. Controlled oral and intravenous self‐administrations of 100 μg 1P‐LSD hemitartrate are reported in two human volunteers followed by analyses of urine and serum samples using a fully validated LC–MS/MS method. Psychometric evaluations included assessment of selected subjective drug effects and administration of the Five‐Dimensions of Altered States of Consciousness rating scale (5D‐ASC). In serum and urine, oral administrations of 1P‐LSD only led to the detection of LSD reflecting biphasic elimination with a terminal elimination half‐life of approx. t1/2 = 6.4 h. 1P‐LSD could be detected for only up to 4.16 h in serum and 2.7 h in urine following intravenous administration, whereas LSD was detected in all serum samples (last sampling after approx. 24 h) and up to 80 h in urine. LSD showed first order elimination kinetics with an approx. t1/2 = 5.7 h, whereas 1P‐LSD showed a rapid decrease in concentration within the first hour followed by a slower decrease, most probably due to hydrolysis. The bioavailability of LSD after oral ingestion of 1P‐LSD was close to 100%. The psychosensory effects of 1P‐LSD and their time course were comparable to those seen after uptake of LSD in other studies which further supports the prodrug hypothesis. The 5D‐ASC scores were higher after oral compared with intravenous administration of 1P‐LSD.
Synthesis and determination of analytical characteristics and differentiation of positional isomers in the series of N‐(2‐methoxybenzyl)‐2‐(dimethoxyphenyl)ethanamine using chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: Kupriyanova Olga V. , Shevyrin Vadim A. , Shafran Yuri M. , Lebedev Albert T. , Milyukov Vasili A. , Rusinov Vladimir L.
Published: May 2020

N‐(2‐Methoxybenzyl)‐2,5‐dimethoxyphenethylamines (NBOMes) are synthetic phenethylamine derivatives emerging on the global drug market and reported to be associated with untoward effects in people who use drugs. Its action involves agonism at serotonin 5‐HT2A receptors, affecting cognitive and behavioral processes. However, certain isomers of NBOMes may not show any psychoactive effects. They are not controlled by legislation and can be tested as pharmaceutical drugs. This study deals with the differentiation among positional isomers of 25H‐NBOMe differing in the position of the two methoxy groups in the phenylethyl moiety of the molecule, using chromatography–mass spectrometry methods. The gas chromatography analysis showed that the isothermal mode was more efficient than the usually applied temperature‐programming mode for the separation of the mentioned isomers. Electron ionization mass spectra of 25H‐NBOMe isomers were highly similar, often resulting in a high probability of erroneous identification. However, mass spectra of their trifluoroacetyl or pentafluoropropanoyl derivatives were easily identified as they contained fragments with many significant differences. The proposed analysis using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry could distinguish the isomers of 25H‐NBOMe without the need for any derivatization.
Changes in disordered eating behaviors over 10 or more years: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Romano Kelly A. , Heron Kristin E. , Amerson Rachel , Howard Lindsay M. , MacIntyre Rachel I. , Mason Tyler B.
Published: May 2020

Objective

The present meta‐analysis evaluated changes in individuals' risk of engaging in distinct disordered eating behaviors (DEBs) in the long‐term.

Method

Longitudinal studies assessing changes in DEBs via ≥2 assessments with a time lag of ≥10 years were included. Risk ratios were calculated for baseline to 10–14.9‐year (M = 11.04) follow‐up and baseline to ≥15‐year (M = 18.62) follow‐up changes in the use of binge eating, multiple purging, self‐induced vomiting, laxatives, diuretics, diet pills, compensatory exercising, fasting/dieting, and multiple DEBs; Cohen's d was used for continuous binge‐eating plus purging variable changes. Subgroup and meta‐regression analyses tested whether eating disorder (ED) clinical sample versus nonclinical sample status, female versus male sex/gender, higher versus lower study bias, and baseline mean age and body mass index influenced overall effect magnitude for analyses with sufficient data.

Results

Seventeen studies (26 [sub]samples) were included. Overall, individuals' risk of engaging in various restrictive eating and other compensatory behaviors decreased over time and the magnitudes of risk reductions for the use of certain compensatory DEBs were larger over longer follow‐up durations. Specifically, for significant DEB change models, risk reductions spanned from 20.0–39.8% for 10‐year follow‐up and 24.7–74.8% for ≥15‐year follow‐up. However, nuances were found in the nature of these DEB changes as a function of DEB type, follow‐up length, ED versus nonclinical sample composition, and baseline mean age.

Conclusions

These findings provide important information that can help identify treatment priorities and suggest that targeted and tailored preventative ED treatments warrant consistent implementation at the community‐level, particularly for youth.
Retracted: The associations among emotional factors, personality traits, and addiction‐like eating: A study on university students in six Asian countries/regions
Authors: Tang Catherine So‐kum , Gan Yiqun , Ko Jenny , Kwon Jung‐hyde , Wu Anise , Yan Elsie , Yogo Masao
Published: May 2020

Objective

Addiction‐like eating (AE) is characterized by food cravings and loss of control over excessive food consumption. This study investigated the associations among emotional factors, personality traits, and AE symptoms in Asian young adults.

Method

This study included 6,823 Asian university students in South Korea, China, Singapore, Hong Kong/Macao, Japan, and Taiwan. Participants completed the modified Yale Food Addiction Scale (mYFAS) and scales on the Big‐Five personality traits, impulsivity, anxiety, and depression.

Results

6.2% of the participants met the mYFAS (DSM‐IV‐TR) food addiction diagnostic threshold. Participants from South Korea (7.9%) had the highest rate of food addiction, while participants from Japan (5.1%) and Taiwan (4.1%) reported the lowest rates. Emotional factors of anxiety and depression were the most robust correlates of AE symptoms, followed by country/region and personality factors of higher impulsivity, higher extraversion, and lower agreeableness. Personality correlates were region‐specific. Higher impulsivity was a significant correlate for participants from South Korea and Taiwan, higher extraversion for participants from Singapore and Japan, and lower agreeableness for participants from China and Taiwan. Gender was also a significant correlate for participants from South Korea, Hong Kong/Macao, and Taiwan.

Discussion

Emotional and personality factors are important correlates of AE symptoms among Asian young adults.
Statistical analysis of manufacturer difference for miniature triode tube characteristics based on physical model parameters
Authors: Inui Masaki , Sasaki Reo , Hamasaki Toshihiko
Published: May 2020

The sound of the tube amp due to the harmonic distortion has been thought to depend not only on the vacuum tube type but also on the vacuum tube manufacturer and individual differences. However, quantitative differences in tube characteristics of the manufacturer have yet to be revealed. In this study, the characteristics of the triode 12 AX 7 of the five major manufacturers were analyzed based on statistical analysis of advanced physical model parameter sets. Tube characteristics were divided into three groups by cosine similarity and group clustering method. As a result, we succeeded for the first time quantitatively combining tube distortion characteristics and tube characteristics.
Input bias current reduction technique for operational amplifier in a standard CMOS technology
Authors: Chin Koken , Ohsawa Mamoru , Kitajima Atsushi , Arai Yoshiaki , Yamashita Jun , Ito Hisashi , San Hao
Published: May 2020

This paper presents input bias current (Ibias) reduction technique for high impedance CMOS op‐amps with the proposed current compensation circuit to deal with the leakage current caused by Electro‐Static Discharge (ESD) protection circuit of the IC. High input impedance CMOS op‐amps are widely used for the application of high precision sensors with quite small input current. However, the leakage current of ESD protection circuit for op‐amp causes a nonideality error of the Ibias. Especially, the ESD leakage current increases drastically at the high temperature environment, and hence the Ibias of CMOS op‐amp also increased significantly. An ESD leakage current compensation circuit is introduced to reduce the Ibias of CMOS op‐amp. The prototype amplifier with the proposed current compensation circuit is designed and fabricated in standard 0.7 µm CMOS technology. Measurement results show that the Ibias is reduced to a 100 pA or less from a typical 2.3 nA at 150°C.
Prevalence of admission plasma glucose in 'diabetes' or 'at risk' ranges in hospital emergencies with no prior diagnosis of diabetes by gender, age and ethnicity
Authors: Ghosh Sandip , Manley Susan E. , Nightingale Peter G. , Williams John A. , Susarla Radhika , Alonso‐Perez Irene , Stratton Irene M. , Gkoutos Georgios V. , Webber Jonathan , Luzio Stephen D. , Hanif Wasim , Roberts Graham A.
Published: May 2020

Aims

To establish the prevalence of admission plasma glucose in 'diabetes' and 'at risk' ranges in emergency hospital admissions with no prior diagnosis of diabetes; characteristics of people with hyperglycaemia; and factors influencing glucose measurement.

Methods

Electronic patient records for 113 097 hospital admissions over 1 year from 2014 to 2015 included 43 201 emergencies with glucose available for 31 927 (74%) admissions, comprising 22 045 people. Data are presented for 18 965 people with no prior diagnosis of diabetes and glucose available on first attendance.

Results

Three quarters (14 214) were White Europeans aged 62 (43‐78) years, median (IQ range); 12% (2241) South Asians 46 (32‐64) years; 9% (1726) Unknown/Other ethnicities 43 (29‐61) years; and 4% (784) Afro‐Caribbeans 49 (33‐63) years, P < .001. Overall, 5% (1003) had glucose in the 'diabetes' range (≥11.1 mmol/L) higher at 8% (175) for South Asians; 16% (3042) were ‘at risk’ (7.8‐11.0 mmol/L), that is 17% (2379) White Europeans, 15% (338) South Asians, 14% (236) Unknown/Others and 11% (89) Afro‐Caribbeans, P < .001. The prevalence for South Asians aged <30 years was 2.1% and 5.2%, respectively, 2.6% and 8.6% for Afro‐Caribbeans <30 years, and 2.0% and 8.4% for White Europeans <40 years. Glucose increased with age and was more often in the 'diabetes' range for South Asians than White Europeans with South Asian men particularly affected. One third of all emergency admissions were for <24 hours with 58% of these having glucose measured compared to 82% with duration >24 hours.

Conclusions

Hyperglycaemia was evident in 21% of adults admitted as an emergency; various aspects related to follow‐up and initial testing, age and ethnicity need to be considered by professional bodies addressing undiagnosed diabetes in hospital admissions.
Strategies for Rational Design of High‐Power Lithium‐ion Batteries
Authors: Wu Yingpeng , Huang Xiangkang , Huang Lu , Chen Junhong
Published: May 2020

Lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) have shown considerable promise as an energy storage system due to their high conversion efficiency, size options (from coin cell to grid storage), and free of gaseous exhaust. For LIBs, power density and energy density are two of the most important parameters for their practical use, and the power density is the key factor for applications such as fast‐charging electric vehicles, high‐power portable tools, and power grid stabilization. A high rate of performance is also required for devices that store electrical energy from seasonal or irregular energy sources, such as wind energy and wave energy. Significant efforts have been made over the last several years to improve the power density of LIBs through anodes, cathodes, and electrolytes, and much progress has been made. To provide a comprehensive picture of these recent achievements, this review discusses the progress made in high‐power LIBs from 2013 to the present, including general and fundamental principles of high‐power LIBs, challenges facing LIB development today, and an outlook for future LIB development.
COVID‐19 and heart failure: from infection to inflammation and angiotensin II stimulation. Searching for evidence from a new disease
Authors: Tomasoni Daniela , Italia Leonardo , Adamo Marianna , Inciardi Riccardo M. , Lombardi Carlo M. , Solomon Scott D. , Metra Marco
Published: May 2020

Patients with cardiovascular disease and, namely, heart failure are more susceptible to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and have a more severe clinical course once infected. Heart failure and myocardial damage, shown by increased troponin plasma levels, occur in at least 10% of patients hospitalized for COVID‐19 with higher percentages, 25% to 35% or more, when patients critically ill or with concomitant cardiac disease are considered. Myocardial injury may be elicited by multiple mechanisms, including those occurring with all severe infections, such as fever, tachycardia, adrenergic stimulation, as well as those caused by an exaggerated inflammatory response, endotheliitis and, in some cases, myocarditis that have been shown in patients with COVID‐19. A key role may be that of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infects human cells binding to angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), an enzyme responsible for the cleavage of angiotensin II into angiotensin 1–7, which has vasodilating and anti‐inflammatory effects. Virus‐mediated down‐regulation of ACE2 may increase angiotensin II stimulation and contribute to the deleterious hyper‐inflammatory reaction of COVID‐19. On the other hand, ACE2 may be up‐regulated in patients with cardiac disease and treated with ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers. ACE2 up‐regulation may increase the susceptibility to COVID‐19 but may be also protective vs. angiotensin II‐mediated vasoconstriction and inflammatory activation. Recent data show the lack of untoward effects of ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers for COVID‐19 infection and severity. Prospective trials are needed to ascertain whether these drugs may have protective effects.
Synthesis, Spectroscopic and Computational Studies of Rhodium(III) Complexes Bearing N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Based C^N^C Pincer Ligand and Bipyridine/Terpyridine
Authors: Io Kai‐Wa , Ng Sze‐Wing , Yeung Chi‐Fung , Wong Chun‐Yuen
Published: May 2020

Rhodium(III) complexes containing tridentate N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐based pincer ligand in the form of [Rh(C^N^C)(N^N)X]2+ and [Rh(C^N^C)(tpy)]3+ (C^N^C = (2,6‐bis(1‐butylimidazol‐2‐ylidene)pyridine (C1^N^C1) or 2,6‐bis(3‐butylbenzimidazol‐2‐ylidene)pyridine (C2^N^C2); N^N = bipyridine‐type aromatic diimines; tpy = 2,2':6',2''‐terpyridine; X = Cl or Br) were prepared. Spectroscopic comparisons and time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) calculations revealed the lowest‐energy electronic transition associated with these complexes are different from their Ru(II), Os(II) and Ir(III) analogues. The Rh(III) complexes exhibit luminescent behavior at 77 K upon photoexcitation. The impact of the C^N^C pincer ligands on the photophysics of the Rh(III) complexes was investigated.
Detecting British Columbia coastal rainfall patterns by clustering Gaussian processes
Authors: Paton F. , McNicholas P.D.
Published: May 2020

Functional data analysis is a statistical framework where data are assumed to follow some functional form. This method of analysis is commonly applied to time series data, where time, measured continuously or in discrete intervals, serves as the location for a function's value. Gaussian processes are a generalization of the multivariate normal distribution to function space and, in this article, they are used to shed light on coastal rainfall patterns in British Columbia (BC). Specifically, this work addressed the question over how one should carry out an exploratory cluster analysis for the BC, or any similar, coastal rainfall data. An approach is developed for clustering multiple processes observed on a comparable interval, based on how similar their underlying covariance kernel is. This approach provides interesting insights into the BC data, and these insights can be framed in terms of Pacific Ocean temperatures. From one perspective, the results show that clustering annual rainfall can potentially be used to identify extreme weather patterns.
Improvement of oxidative stability and textural properties of fermented sausage via addition of pistachio hull extract
Authors: Lashgari Seyede Saba , Noorolahi Zohre , Sahari Mohamad Ali , Ahmadi Gavlighi Hassan
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of pistachio hull extract (PHE) as an antioxidant and antimicrobial agent for preservation of dry fermented sausages during fermentation and storage period. Sausages were prepared using starter culture (Biobak K) and treated with three levels of PHE (500, 750 and 1,000 ppm). The results showed that PHE at concentrations of 500 ppm and 750 ppm decreased significantly (p < .05) the TBARS content of the sausage samples compared to control (without PHE). Moreover, PHE increased L* and a* value of samples during fermentation period but did not affect the color of samples during storage period. The PHE was also able to improve the chewiness and gumminess of the fermented sausage. Evaluation of microbial properties (total viable count, yeast and molds, lactic acid bacteria, staphylococci and Enterobacteriaceae) also showed that antimicrobial activity of PHE in fermented sausage.
An automated machine learning approach to predict brain age from cortical anatomical measures
Authors: Dafflon Jessica , Pinaya Walter H. L. , Turkheimer Federico , Cole James H. , Leech Robert , Harris Mathew A. , Cox Simon R. , Whalley Heather C. , McIntosh Andrew M. , Hellyer Peter J.
Published: May 2020

The use of machine learning (ML) algorithms has significantly increased in neuroscience. However, from the vast extent of possible ML algorithms, which one is the optimal model to predict the target variable? What are the hyperparameters for such a model? Given the plethora of possible answers to these questions, in the last years, automated ML (autoML) has been gaining attention. Here, we apply an autoML library called Tree‐based Pipeline Optimisation Tool (TPOT) which uses a tree‐based representation of ML pipelines and conducts a genetic programming‐based approach to find the model and its hyperparameters that more closely predicts the subject's true age. To explore autoML and evaluate its efficacy within neuroimaging data sets, we chose a problem that has been the focus of previous extensive study: brain age prediction. Without any prior knowledge, TPOT was able to scan through the model space and create pipelines that outperformed the state‐of‐the‐art accuracy for Freesurfer‐based models using only thickness and volume information for anatomical structure. In particular, we compared the performance of TPOT (mean absolute error [MAE]: 4.612 ± .124 years) and a relevance vector regression (MAE 5.474 ± .140 years). TPOT also suggested interesting combinations of models that do not match the current most used models for brain prediction but generalise well to unseen data. AutoML showed promising results as a data‐driven approach to find optimal models for neuroimaging applications.
Health insurance and self‐assessed health: New evidence from Affordable Care Act repeal fear
Authors: Li Xiaoxue , Stith Sarah S.
Published: May 2020

Self‐assessed health is one of the most commonly used health measures by economists. However, changes in self‐assessed health are not always accompanied by changes in physical health as measured by clinical outcomes. This study provides suggestive evidence that this discrepancy arises because self‐assessed health is significantly influenced by psychological factors. Specifically, when the perceived risk of Affordable Care Act (ACA) repeal increased, as documented by Google Trends data, self‐assessed health declined among low‐income childless adults living in states that expanded Medicaid under the ACA.
Managing care for patients with sinonasal and anterior skull base cancers during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Turri‐Zanoni Mario , Battaglia Paolo , Karligkiotis Apostolos , Locatelli Davide , Castelnuovo Paolo
Published: May 2020

The SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic has rapidly transformed health care delivery around the globe. Because of the heavy impact of COVID‐19 spread, cancer treatments have necessarily been de‐prioritized, thus exposing patients to increased risk of morbidity and mortality due to delayed care. In this scenario, cancer specialists need to assess critical oncology patients case by case to carefully balance risk vs benefit in treating tumors and preventing SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Here, we report early insights into how the management of patients with sinonasal and anterior skull base cancer might be affected by the COVID‐19 pandemic. We provide recommendations for preoperative tests, indications for immediate care vs possible delayed treatment, and warnings relating to dural resection and intracranial dissection, given the potential neurotropism of SARS‐CoV2 and practical suggestions for managing cancer care in a period of limited resources. We also postulate some thoughts on the promising role of telemedicine in multidisciplinary case discussions and posttreatment surveillance.
Considerations in the evaluation and management of oral potentially malignant disorders during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Shanti Rabie M. , Stoopler Eric T. , Weinstein Gregory S. , Newman Jason G. , Cannady Steven B. , Rajasekaran Karthik , Tanaka Takako I. , O'Malley Bert W. , Le Anh D. , Sollecito Thomas P.
Published: May 2020

Aim

The COVID‐19 pandemic has resulted in society experiencing unprecedented challenges for health care practitioners and facilities serving at the frontlines of this pandemic. With regard to oral cancer, there is a complete absence of literature regarding the long‐term impact of pandemics on patients with oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). The objective of this article is to put forth an institutional multidisciplinary approach for the evaluation and management of OPMDs.

Methods

A multidisciplinary approach was put formalized within our institution to risk stratify patients based on need for in‐person assessment vs telehealth assessment during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Results

With judicious risk stratification of patients based on clinical features of their OPMD and with consideration of ongoing mitigation efforts and regional pandemic impact, providers are able to safely care for their patients.

Conclusions

The COVID‐19 pandemic has required health care practitioners to make novel decisions that are new to us with development of creative pathways of care that focused on patient safety, mitigation efforts, and clinical management of disease processes. The care of patients with OPMDs requires special considerations especially as patients at high risk for severe COVID‐19 illness are also higher risk for the development of OPMDs.
Coronavirus (COVID‐19): Patient experience—Administrative services on the frontline during crisis
Authors: Overton Judy , Denton Kathy , Frumovitz Michael , Lewis Carol , Christensen Sarah , Bezerra Jaymesson , Hernandez Chris , Walker Michele S. , Finder Janice P. , Proske Ashlyn A. , Jain Sanchita , Whipple Julai , Martinez Wendi L. , Eska Jarrod S. , Sutherland Elizabeth W. , Triche Lisa L. , Garcia Elizabeth A. , Weber Randal S.
Published: May 2020

The COVID‐19 pandemic has had a dramatic impact on care delivery among health care institutions and providers in the United States. As a categorical cancer center, MD Anderson has prioritized care for our patients based on acuity of their disease. We continue to implement measures to protect patients and employees from acquiring the infection within our facilities, and to provide acute management of cancer patients with concomitant COVID‐19 infections who are considered at high risk of death. The Division of Patient Experience, formerly established in October 2016, has played an integral role in the institution's pandemic response from its inception. The team actively supported programs and processes in anticipation of the pandemic's effect on our patients and employees. We will describe how the team continues to serve in the ever‐dynamic environment as we approach the expected surge in COVID‐19 cases among our patient population, our employees, and in our community.
Surge after the surge: Anticipating the increased volume and needs of patients with head and neck cancer after the peak in COVID‐19
Authors: Bowman Ryan , Crosby Dana L. , Sharma Arun
Published: May 2020

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic continues to have extensive effects on public health as it spreads rapidly across the globe. Patients with head and neck cancer are a particularly susceptible population to these effects, and we expect there to be a potential surge in patients presenting with head and neck cancers after the surge in COVID‐19. Furthermore, the impact of social distancing measures could result in a shift toward more advanced disease at presentation. With appropriate anticipation, multidisciplinary head and cancer teams could potentially minimize the impact of this surge and plan for strategies to provide optimal care for patients with head and neck cancer.
Liver Transplantation Following Yttrium‐90 Radioembolization: 15‐Year Experience in 207‐Patient Cohort
Authors: Gabr Ahmed , Kulik Laura , Mouli Samdeep , Riaz Ahsun , Ali Rehan , Desai Kush , Mora Ronald A. , Ganger Daniel , Maddur Haripriya , Flamm Steven , Boike Justin , Moore Christopher , Thornburg Bartley , Alasadi Ali , Baker Talia , Borja‐Cacho Daniel , Katariya Nitin , Ladner Daniela P. , Caicedo Juan Carlos , Lewandowski Robert J. , Salem Riad
Published: May 2020

Background and Aims

Radioembolization (yttrium‐90 [Y90]) is used in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as a bridging as well as downstaging liver‐directed therapy to curative liver transplantation (LT). In this study, we report long‐term outcomes of LT for patients with HCC who were bridged/downstaged by Y90.

Approach and Results

Patients undergoing LT following Y90 between 2004 and 2018 were included, with staging by United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) tumor‐node‐metastasis criteria at baseline pre‐Y90 and pre‐LT. Post‐Y90 toxicities were recorded. Histopathological data of HCC at explant were recorded. Long‐term outcomes, including overall survival (OS), recurrence‐free survival (RFS), disease‐specific mortality (DSM), and time‐to‐recurrence, were reported. Time‐to‐endpoint analyses were estimated using Kaplan–Meier. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using a log‐rank test and Cox proportional‐hazards model, respectively. During the 15‐year period, 207 patients underwent LT after Y90. OS from LT was 12.5 years, with a median time to LT of 7.5 months [interquartile range, 4.4‐10.3]. A total of 169 patients were bridged, whereas 38 were downstaged to LT. Respectively, 94 (45%), 60 (29%), and 53 (26%) patients showed complete, extensive, and partial tumor necrosis on histopathology. Three‐year, 5‐year, and 10‐year OS rates were 84%, 77%, and 60%, respectively. Twenty‐four patients developed recurrence, with a median RFS of 120 (95% confidence interval, 69‐150) months. DSM at 3, 5, and 10 years was 6%, 11%, and 16%, respectively. There were no differences in OS/RFS for patients who were bridged or downstaged. RFS was higher in patients with complete/extensive versus partial tumor necrosis (P < 0.0001). For patients with UNOS T2 treated during the study period, 5.2% dropped out because of disease progression.

Conclusions

Y90 is an effective treatment for HCC in the setting of bridging/downstaging to LT. Patients who achieved extensive or complete necrosis had better RFS, supporting the practice of neoadjuvant treatment before LT.
Liver Biochemistries in Hospitalized Patients With COVID‐19
Authors: Bloom Patricia P. , Meyerowitz Eric A. , Reinus Zoe , Daidone Michael , Gustafson Jenna , Kim Arthur Y. , Schaefer Esperance , Chung Raymond T.
Published: May 2020

Background and Aims

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) leads to elevated liver biochemistries in approximately half of patients on presentation. To date, data are limited regarding the trend of liver biochemistries over the course of illness. We aimed to evaluate the trend, etiology, and outcomes associated with liver biochemistries in COVID‐19.

Approach and Results

A total of 60 patients with COVID‐19 were admitted between March 21 and March 28, 2020. The mean age was 57 years, 65% were male, and 28% were Hispanic. At the study conclusion, 6 patients were deceased, 28 were discharged, and 26 remained admitted. Patients who remained admitted were followed for a median of 12 days. Of 60 patients, 41 (69%) had at least one abnormal liver biochemistry on admission. Median aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was higher than alanine aminotransferase (ALT) at admission (46 vs. 30 U/L) and during the hospital course. Aminotransferases rose above normal in 54 (93%) patients, whereas alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin elevations were rare. Ten (17%) patients developed aminotransferases more than 5 times the upper limit of normal. AST highly correlated with ALT throughout the illness course (r = 0.97; P < 0.0001), whereas correlations with markers of muscle injury and inflammation were weak. Statin use was common before (40%) and during admission (80%) at our center, with no difference in peak liver biochemistries between users and nonusers. No demographic or comorbid illness was associated with liver injury. Admission AST (69 vs. 49; P < 0.05), peak AST (364 vs. 77; P = 0.003), and peak ALT (220 vs. 52; P = 0.002) were higher in intubated patients.

Conclusions

AST‐dominant aminotransferase elevation is common in COVID‐19, mirrors disease severity, and appears to reflect true hepatic injury.
Activation of Adenosine Monophosphate—Activated Protein Kinase Reduces the Onset of Diet‐Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Mice
Authors: Schmoll Dieter , Ziegler Nicole , Viollet Benoit , Foretz Marc , Even Patrick C. , Azzout‐Marniche Dalila , Nygaard Madsen Andreas , Illemann Martin , Mandrup Karen , Feigh Michael , Czech Jörg , Glombik Heiner , Olsen Jacob A. , Hennerici Wolfgang , Steinmeyer Klaus , Elvert Ralf , Castañeda Tamara R. , Kannt Aimo
Published: May 2020

The worldwide obesity and type 2 diabetes epidemics have led to an increase in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD covers a spectrum of hepatic pathologies ranging from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, characterized by fibrosis and hepatic inflammation. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis predisposes to the onset of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we characterized the effect of a pharmacological activator of the intracellular energy sensor adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase (AMPK) on NAFLD progression in a mouse model. The compound stimulated fat oxidation by activating AMPK in both liver and skeletal muscle, as revealed by indirect calorimetry. This translated into an ameliorated hepatic steatosis and reduced fibrosis progression in mice fed a diet high in fat, cholesterol, and fructose for 20 weeks. Feeding mice this diet for 80 weeks caused the onset of HCC. The administration of the AMPK activator for 12 weeks significantly reduced tumor incidence and size. Conclusion: Pharmacological activation of AMPK reduces NAFLD progression to HCC in preclinical models.
Lymphopenia and lymphocytosis in practical healthy people born and living in the North
Authors: Patrakeeva Veronika P. , Dobrodeeva Liliya K.
Published: May 2020

Introduction

The purpose of this study was to elucidate the mechanisms of the formation of lymphopenia and lymphocytosis in healthy people, who are living and working in the Arctic region.

Materials and Methods

A total of 88 practically healthy people living and working in the Arctic region were examined. An analysis of the results was carried out, depending on the concentration of lymphocytes in the peripheral venous blood: group 1—with lymphopenia, the content of lymphocytes below 1.5 × 109cl/L (21 people); group 2—with a normal lymphocyte content from 1.5 to 3.5 × 109cl/L (47 people); and group 3—with lymphocytosis, lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of more than 3.5 × 109cl/L (20 people).

Results

It has been established that the main mechanism for the formation of lymphopenia in a person living in the Arctic is the activation of the migration of functionally active lymphocytes in the tissue. The decrease in the number of circulating lymphocytes is a consequence of their redistribution from the circulating pool to the marginal one and an increase in the activity of adhesive molecules, in particular, the selectin ligand. It was revealed that an increase in the content of lymphocytes in the blood occurs upon the activation of the intracellular energy‐intensive mechanisms of lymphoproliferation with an increase in the consumption of intracellular ATP and the participation of the nuclear factor of activated T cells 1. It was shown that the restoration of the circulating pool of mature neutrophils is ensured by the principle of reverse regulation in response to neutropenia by stimulating granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor granulopoiesis.

Conclusions

The main mechanism for the formation of lymphopenia and lymphocytosis in healthy people was established.
The relationship between patterns of insulin secretion and risks of gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Zhang Ning‐Juan , Tao Min‐fang , Li Hua‐Ping , Zhao Fang , Wang Feng‐Huan
Published: May 2020

Objective

To evaluate patterns of insulin secretion in pregnancy and analyze the association between insulin patterns and risks of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Methods

A prospective study was conducted to collect and analyze pregnant women’s materials from January 2015 to December 2018. Pregnant women were grouped according to results of 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test at 24–28 weeks of pregnancy: normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and GDM. Insulin secretion patterns were based on the time of peak(s) and shape of insulin secretion curve. The relationship between insulin secretion patterns and pregnant outcomes was analyzed.

Results

A total of 2432 pregnant women met the inclusion criteria during the study period. Among them, 737 (30.3%) women were grouped as GDM and 1695 (69.7%) as NGT. Type I insulin secretion represented the early phase of insulin secretion (peak time at 30 or 60 minutes), while type II represented the delayed peak of insulin secretion (peak time at 120 or 180 minutes). Logistic regression analysis showed that type II insulin secretion was a risk factor of pre‐eclampsia, large‐for‐gestational‐age, and neonatal hypoglycemia.

Conclusion

The delayed insulin peak is a useful marker for risk of GDM and adverse pregnant outcomes in women with GDM.