bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reglamentos municipales y ornato público (1851-1912) en Zaragoza: la decoración pictórica de fachadas
Authors: Vázquez Astorga Mónica
Published: January 2016

Este texto tiene como finalidad analizar el compromiso del consistorio municipal zaragozano con el ornato público a través de las disposiciones dictadas en sus reglamentos entre 1851 y 1912, y, de manera concreta, con la decoración pictórica de las fachadas de sus inmuebles privados como medida de embellecimiento y ennoblecimiento urbanos. Asimismo, la cuestión del color en la arquitectura era en estos momentos un tema de actualidad debido al debate suscitado en Europa con motivo de la interpretación de los vestigios de ornamentación pictórica encontrados en la arquitectura de la antigua Grecia.
El inventario de patrimonio industrial: el ejemplo francés. Metodología y estado de la cuestión
Authors: Zapico López María
Published: January 2016

El presente texto ofrece una síntesis de los acontecimientos que estuvieron en los orígenes de la valorización de la herencia industrial y que sentaron las bases del estudio e inventario del patrimonio industrial a partir de la década de 1970 en Francia. El análisis se centra, además, en las primeras tentativas experimentales en materia de inventario así como en la reflexión sobre la construcción de una metodología específica para el patrimonio industrial, una vez que la labor de registro de este patrimonio se incorpora al seno del Inventario general francés. Como punto final, se aborda la elaboración del inventario en la actualidad una vez que las competencias de inventario han sido transferidas a las Regiones que de Francia, lo que significa la apertura de nuevos horizontes para su difusión a través de novedosas herramientas informáticas.
La reconquista del paisaje arquitectónico: los pueblos adoptados en Asturias
Authors: Andrés Eguiburu Míriam
Published: January 2016

La Dirección General de Regiones Devastadas fue el organismo encargado, no solo de la reconstrucción del país, sino también del total control de la misma en la inmediata posguerra (1938-1957).

Además de la tarea puramente material, el componente ideológico y propagandístico fue muy relevante en sus acciones, siendo especialmente notable tras la aprobación de su Decreto de adopción, según el cual el Estado asumía la total reconstrucción de aquellas localidades que hubieran sido gravemente dañadas por la guerra.

En el caso asturiano fueron siete los pueblos adoptados, en los que se materializaron todos los principios teóricos y prácticos del organismo, y que modificaron para siempre su paisaje arquitectónico.
El arte reciclado de David Kemp: assemblages y esculturas comprometidos con su entorno . The recycled art of David Kemp: environmentally engaged assemblages and sculptures
Authors: Martínez Campos Carmen
Published: January 2016

Un breve recorrido por el arte del siglo XX nos permite descubrir que la presencia de objetos encontrados y materiales de desecho ha estado intrínsecamente vinculada a algunos de los cambios más influyentes en el devenir del arte, desde el collage hasta las nuevas corrientes de posguerra, como el Happening o el Land Art, así como a una creciente conciencia ecológica por parte de los artistas. Al hilo de este contexto, el presente artículo se propone analizar la obra de David Kemp, escultor y artista del assemblage, estableciendo relaciones con estos precedentes. La heterogeneidad de su producción artística se hace eco de todos ellos, reflejando no sólo un interés por el entorno y el medioambiente, sino una profunda confianza en el poder transformador del arte sobre la sociedad, propia del artista comprometido con su tiempo.

A brief tour around the 20th Century art work lead us to discover the presence of found objects and waste materials has been deeply bound to some of the most influential changes in Art from collage to new post war art movements, such as the so-called Happening or Land Art. Both hand-in-hand have set up roots for an increased environmental conscience on the artist mind. This article analyses David Kemp's art work, as a sculptor and artist of the assemblage, and looks at the established relations between his work and his precedents. The heterogeneity of his art work production reflects not only the influences of those named tendencies, highlighting his great interest on the surroundings and the environment, but also his belief in the transforming power of art, proper of committed modern artist of his time.
Meditaciones en torno a una casa (española): La poética doméstica en las obras de Amalia Avia y Carmen Martín Gaite.
Authors: Asensio Castañeda Eva
Published: January 2016

El presente estudio analiza comparativamente las obras de Amalia Avia y Carmen Martín Gaite; el modo en que ambas mujeres conciben y representan la temática del interior doméstico, siendo la casa el eje a través de la cual  articulan sus discursos expresivos. Su personal representación artística, nos sirve, de medio testimonial  para retratar  y conocer el contexto y la situación de la mujer en la España de la posguerra.

Los resultados son una serie de hallazgos, aspectos  comunes, en sus obras, que ponen de manifiesto la notable influencia que este contexto social y político tuvo  en la creación de las mujeres artistas contemporáneas españolas.
 
El conservador-restaurador de Patrimonio Cultural: Experiencias de preservación e intervención en la obra de arte
Authors: Teijeira Pablos María Dolores
Published: January 2016

El conservador-restaurador de Patrimonio Cultural: Experiencias de preservación e intervención  en la obra de arte, León, Universidad de León, 2014.
El PNOA-LIDAR-CYL-2010: condicionantes técnicos de su elaboración, limitaciones y potencialidades para su aprovechamiento
Authors: Rodríguez Rico Óscar Odón
Published: January 2016

El Instituto Geográfico Nacional, realizó un vuelo LIDAR de gran parte de España en el año 2010 dentro del Plan Nacional de Ortofotografía Aérea. Numerosos profesionales del sector demandaron un acceso libre a estos datos, pero hasta el año 2015 esto no fue posible. Durante este tiempo se especuló con las posibilidades de mejora de diversos productos y procesos cartográficos apoyados en el uso de esta información; sin embargo, se ha visto que este producto puede no cumplir con las expectativas. No obstante, también hay un número no pequeño de usuarios satisfechos con los subproductos que se obtienen a partir de los datos LIDAR. Así pues, se hace necesario realizar un análisis para responder a los siguientes interrogantes: ¿Para qué sirve este conjunto de datos LIDAR? ¿Qué podemos esperar de él? ¿Es válido para análisis forestales, hidrológicos, agronómicos, etc.? ¿Dónde puede ser más útil? ¿Dónde no ofrece ningún valor añadido a los productos ya existentes?

En definitiva, este artículo pretende aportar algunas ideas que permitan orientar al usuario en la explotación de este conjunto de datos LIDAR.
Generando opinión ciudadana en la cultura digital a través de los mapas
Authors: Zúñiga Antón María , Sebastián López María , Pueyo Campos Ángel , Postigo Vidal Raúl , Salinas Sole Celia , Arranz López Aldo
Published: January 2016

El contexto actual de cambio y transformación socioespacial experimentado en los últimos años incrementa la necesidad de un conocimiento exhaustivo y actualizado de los espacios de vida. A su vez, se pone de manifiesto la exigencia ciudadana de tener a su alcance herramientas que le permitan el seguimiento de las actuaciones públicas que afectan a su territorio. Conscientes de esta situación, los investigadores están en la posición de proporcionar alternativas eficientes, como la cartografía temática, que garanticen la interacción entre el ciudadano, la información geográfica y el espacio.
Una exposición documental contextualizada, es una propuesta que ha demostrado ser eficiente ya que facilita la creación de opinión sobre las actuaciones y permite al ciudadano realizar un seguimiento y jerarquización de las mismas. Ejemplo de esta estrategia es la exposición Zaragoza Mapa a Mapa que se diseñó como un proyecto cartográfico a través de Sistemas de Información Geográfica, que incluía diferentes niveles de complejidad para permitir el entrenamiento de los visitantes en la lectura de los mapas. Parte importante del éxito de la exposición radicó en la combinación del espacio digital y físico, a través de pizarras interactivas, cartografía animada y el uso de redes sociales como punto de encuentro entre el ciudadano, su espacio y las propuestas de actuación en su entorno.
La geolocalización social
Authors: Beltrán López Gersón
Published: January 2016

La geolocalización es una de las herramientas utilizadas por los geógrafos para situar a las personas u objetos en el espacio mediante sus coordenadas y que ha cobrado una nueva dimensión a partir de la aparición de Internet y de los dispositivos móviles. Paralelamente se ha desarrollado el fenómeno de compartir información desde cada lugar e individuo en los social media (medios sociales). A la unión de estos aspectos se le ha denominado SoLoMo, acrónimo de social, local y móvil, donde la geolocalización es una herramienta de comunicación entre el mundo físico y el digital, desde lo local a lo global, desde el lugar a la nube. Por tanto geolocalización y redes sociales son dos elementos complementarios, otorgando una nueva dimensión a la geografía y que deben ser analizados en un contexto de modernidad líquida. En este artículo se realiza una revisión de estos conceptos nuevos en la geografía, pero imprescindibles en el análisis espacial, que hoy en día no puede entenderse sin Internet.
Beyond Diversity
Authors: van Eijnatten Joris
Published: January 2016

The overwhelming popularity in academic writing of such concepts as transnationalism, anti-essentialism and postcolonialism illustrate the impact of the postmodern critique of once-stable entities ranging from the nation and the state to culture and civilization. We no longer believe in the steady orderings of humanity bequeathed by ‘heavy modernity’. But does this mean that concepts like the nation and civilization are obsolete? This article takes issue with the current hype of transnationalism, and suggests a correction to the current focus on interconnectedness, networks and flows by introducing the concept of ‘reference cultures’. It claims that in the history of the world, robust collective mentalities act as a counter-balance to cultures in motion.
Enhancing climate adaptation capacity for drinking water treatment facilities
Authors: Levine Audrey D. , Yang Y. Jeffrey , Goodrich James A.
Published: January 2016

Conventional water treatment processes (e.g., coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration) are widely used for producing drinking water from surface water sources. Transient, gradual, or abrupt changes in source water quality that could compromise treatment effectiveness can be triggered by climate and related meteorological events, accidental or intentional contamination, security breaches, or other disruptions. However, the design principles that underpin the majority of existing conventional treatment systems predate climate adaptation considerations. This paper considers the adaptation capacity of conventional water treatment systems. A modeling framework is used to illustrate climate adaptation mechanisms that could enable conventional treatment systems to accommodate water quality impairments. Treatment system resiliency is explored in response to generic climate-relevant water quality perturbations such as extreme temperature variations and changes in the quantity and characteristics of solids, particles, and organic constituents. Promising adaptation options include modifying chemical parameters (e.g., types of chemicals, dosages, sequence of chemical addition, mixing intensity and duration), filter operations, and microbiological augmentation of existing physical/chemical treatment systems. The capacity reserve concept provides an organizing principle that could be useful for prioritizing climate adaptation strategies such as major or minor treatment/infrastructure modifications, system-wide upgrades such as off-line storage, operational changes in distribution systems, or the use of supplemental water sources including reclaimed or recycled water.
Value models: Finance, risk, and political economy
Authors: Christophers Brett
Published: January 2016

This article develops a basic typological framework for understanding and analyzing financial risk from a political economy perspective. It is motivated by growing awareness of the contemporary significance of financial risk and by the fact that the political-economic literature on such risk currently lacks a workable heuristic. The framework distinguishes between and fleshes out what I refer to as the principal ‘value models’ of finance: fees, gains, premia, and spreads. Its primary aim is to facilitate the identification and conceptualization of: (1) the different risk configurations characterizing the heterogeneous political economy of finance; and (2) the different ways in which key stakeholders — such as finance capital, non-financial capital, and labor — come to be enrolled in such configurations. It also aims to contribute to the wider project of demystifying not just financial risk in particular but modern finance more generally.
The economic imagination
Authors: Hill Mike , Montag Warren
Published: January 2016

To apply the term ‘magical’ to modern economic thought is to suggest that there remains within it an unassimilated and unexamined residue of irrational thought. Further, it is to hold that this remnant persists despite the discipline's century long attempt to “submit the abstract laws of theoretical political economy or ‘pure’ economics to experimental and quantitative verification, and thus to the extent possible to constitute pure economy as a science in the narrow sense of the term” (Frisch, 1926: 1, our translation). The specific instance of irrationality to which we refer is perfectly visible but systematically overlooked because it exists in economics’ most basic assumptions: not only the assumptions about the causal mechanisms that determine human action, but even more in what is increasingly acknowledged to be the theoretical Achilles heel of economics, the concept of the market itself. It is here that the term ‘magical’ — which allowed us to see the irrationality that is reproduced rather than eliminated by its formal apparatus — may, if we are not careful, prevent us from seeing how the magical thinking evident in ‘mainstream’ economic theory and practice is not simply ‘error’ or a pathology of thought, but is historically determined in ways that are so profoundly embedded in economic theory that they have been rendered remarkably resistant to analysis.
Litonomics
Authors: Crosthwaite Paul
Published: January 2016

In David Lodge's campus novel Nice Work (2011/1988), the protagonist, Robyn, comes across her literary theorist boyfriend, Charles, reading a book that appears, on the face of it, to be a far cry from his usual fare of Derrida and Lacan. Spotting the title, The Financial Revolution, Robyn expresses surprise that Charles “could ever get interested in business” (Lodge, 2011/1988: 153). He replies: “This isn't business … It's not about buying and selling real commodities. It's all on paper, or computer screens. It's abstract. It has its own rather seductive jargon — arbitrageur, deferred futures, floating rate. It's like literary theory”. Charles is planning “an article about what's going on in the City”; later, he will succumb to the lure of London's financial district and take a job as a strategist at an investment bank.
Exploring a Toll Auction Mechanism Enabled by Vehicle-to-Infrastructure Technology
Authors: Collins Andrew J. , Frydenlund Erika , Robinson R. Michael , Cetin Mecit
Published: January 2016

High-occupancy toll (HOT) lanes—an increasingly popular solution for congested roadway networks—give drivers the option to access express lanes. The cost of entry often varies with demand, although no standard method of optimizing these price points exists. Using the principles of a Vickrey auction that incentivizes true-value bids, this paper proposes a tolling system that uses vehicle-to-infrastructure technology to optimize toll operator revenue with HOT lane usage. In the scenario, a roadway network consists of a HOT lane and a general-purpose lane, each with identical physical properties. Drivers can access the HOT lane at the start of the facility or at one interim point along the roadway. With the use of a triangular distribution to approximate the distribution of travelers’ value of time (VOT), the model explores the impact of varying the distribution's mode on revenue earned by the toll operator. Results from the model indicate that when the toll operator maximizes the model's revenue, the percentage of auction bids accepted for toll road access is robust to changes in the VOT distribution. This percentage equates to approximately 17% of vehicles accessing the facility. Given the difficulty in obtaining actual travelers’ distribution of VOT, this auction tolling mechanism implies that obtaining an exact VOT distribution may not be necessary for this type of tolling analysis.
Pay-to-Save Transportation Pricing Strategies and Comparative Greenhouse Gas Reductions
Authors: Greenberg Allen , Evans John (Jay)
Published: January 2016

Converting fixed driving costs to variable per mile charges—and offering cash savings in lieu of parking for bundled or otherwise free parking— encourages voluntary curtailment of driving and related decreases in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, air pollution, congestion, and crashes. This research explores a potential regulatory approach to help achieve goals for the reduction of GHGs by setting transportation efficiency targets that are based on simultaneously deploying (a) pay-as-you-drive-and-you-save car insurance, (b) parking cash-out, and (c) conversion of state and local sales taxes on newly purchased vehicles to mileage taxes designed to raise equivalent revenue. Through a best-estimate price elasticity of −0.30 (and the testing of others), a year 2030 comparison is made between projected state-level and national reductions in GHG emissions of the proposed transportation policy bundle and projected reductions from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) final rule for existing electric utility sources. The transportation policies would yield nationwide reductions in GHG emissions of 257 million metric tons (MMT) of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) or 68.6% of those of the final electric utility rule (above those of that final rule, called the most significant U.S. government action ever for reducing GHG emissions) and would generate reductions greater than those calculated for the electric utility rule in 24 states plus the District of Columbia.
The significant impact of framing coils on long-term outcomes in endovascular coiling for intracranial aneurysms: how to select an appropriate framing coil
Authors: Ishida Wataru , Sato Masayuki , Amano Tatsuo , Matsumaru Yuji
Published: January 2016

OBJECTIVE

The importance of a framing coil (FC)—the first coil inserted into an aneurysm during endovascular coiling, also called a lead coil or a first coil—is recognized, but its impact on long-term outcomes, including recanalization and retreatment, is not well established. The purposes of this study were to test the hypothesis that the FC is a significant factor for aneurysmal recurrence and to provide some insights on appropriate FC selection.

METHODS

The authors retrospectively reviewed endovascular coiling for 280 unruptured intracranial aneurysms and gathered data on age, sex, aneurysm location, aneurysm morphology, maximal size, neck width, adjunctive techniques, recanalization, retreatment, follow-up periods, total volume packing density (VPD), volume packing density of the FC, and framing coil percentage (FCP; the percentage of FC volume in total coil volume) to clarify the associated factors for aneurysmal recurrence.

RESULTS

Of 236 aneurysms included in this study, 33 (14.0%) had recanalization, and 18 (7.6%) needed retreatment during a mean follow-up period of 37.7 ± 16.1 months. In multivariate analysis, aneurysm size (odds ratio [OR] = 1.29, p < 0.001), FCP < 32% (OR 3.54, p = 0.009), and VPD < 25% (OR 2.96, p = 0.015) were significantly associated with recanalization, while aneurysm size (OR 1.25, p < 0.001) and FCP < 32% (OR 6.91, p = 0.017) were significant predictors of retreatment. VPD as a continuous value or VPD with any cutoff value could not predict retreatment with statistical significance in multivariate analysis.

CONCLUSIONS

FCP, which is equal to the FC volume as a percentage of the total coil volume and is unaffected by the morphology of the aneurysm or the measurement error in aneurysm length, width, or height, is a novel predictor of recanalization and retreatment and is more significantly predictive of retreatment than VPD. To select FCs large enough to meet the condition of FCP ≥ 32% is a potential relevant factor for better long-term outcomes. These findings support our hypothesis that the FC is a significant factor for aneurysmal recurrence.
Successful management of a giant anterior sacral meningocele with an endoscopic cutting stapler: case report
Authors: Sunna Tarek P. , Westwick Harrison J. , Zairi Fahed , Berania Ilyes , Shedid Daniel
Published: January 2016

Anterior sacral meningoceles (ASMs) are rare defects in the sacrum with thecal sac herniations and symptoms that commonly include constipation, dysmenorrhea, and urinary disturbances. An ASM causing hydronephrosis and acute renal failure from compression of the lower portion of the urinary tract is a rare clinical entity. Only one other case has been reported. The authors present the case of a 37-year-old man admitted for obstructive renal failure and hydronephrosis due to a giant ASM that measured 25 × 12 × 18 cm and compressed the ureters and bladder. The ASM was successfully treated via an anterior transabdominal approach in which the authors used a novel technique for watertight closure of the meningocele pedicle with an endoscopic cutting stapler. The authors review the literature and discuss the surgical options for the treatment of ASMs, specifically the management of ASMs in the context of obstructive renal failure and hydronephrosis.
The effect of increased T2 signal intensity in the spinal cord on the injury severity and early neurological recovery in patients with central cord syndrome
Authors: Schroeder Gregory D. , Hjelm Nik , Vaccaro Alexander R. , Weinstein Michael S. , Kepler Christopher K.
Published: January 2016

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this paper was to compare the severity of the initial neurological injury as well as the early changes in the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) motor score (AMS) between central cord syndrome (CCS) patients with and without an increased T2 signal intensity in their spinal cord.

METHODS

Patients with CCS were identified and stratified based on the presence of increased T2 signal intensity in their spinal cord. The severity of the initial neurological injury and the progression of the neurological injury over the 1st week were measured according to the patient's AMS. The effect of age, sex, congenital stenosis, surgery within 24 hours, and surgery in the initial hospitalization on the change in AMS was determined using an analysis of variance.

RESULTS

Patients with increased signal intensity had a more severe initial neurological injury (AMS 57.6 vs 75.3, respectively, p = 0.01). However, the change in AMS over the 1st week was less severe in patients with an increase in T2 signal intensity (−0.85 vs −4.3, p = 0.07). Analysis of variance did not find that age, sex, Injury Severity Score, congenital stenosis, surgery within 24 hours, or surgery during the initial hospitalization affected the change in AMS.

CONCLUSIONS

The neurological injury is different between patients with and without an increased T2 signal intensity. Patients with an increased T2 signal intensity are likely to have a more severe initial neurological deficit but will have relatively minimal early neurological deterioration. Comparatively, patients without an increase in the T2 signal intensity will likely have a less severe initial injury but can expect to have a slight decline in neurological function in the 1st week.
Exercise Plus Cognitive Performance Over and Above Exercise Alone in Subjects with Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Sacco Guillaume , Caillaud Corinne , Ben Sadoun Gregory , Robert Philippe , David Renaud , Brisswalter Jeanick
Published: January 2016

Background: Epidemiological studies highlight the relevance of regular exercise interventions to enhance or maintain neurocognitive function in subjects with cognitive impairments. Objectives: The aim of this study was to ascertain the effect of aerobic exercise associated with cognitive enrichment on cognitive performance in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Method: Eight participants with MCI (72 ± 2 years) were enrolled in a 9-month study that consisted of two 3-months experimental interventions separated by a training cessation period of 3 months. The interventions included either aerobic exercise alone or aerobic exercise combined with cognitive enrichment. The exercise program involved two 20-min cycling exercise bouts per week at an intensity corresponding to 60% of the heart rate reserve. Cognitive performance was assessed using a task of single reaction time (SRT) and an inhibition task (Go-no-Go) before, immediately after, and 1 month after each intervention. Results: The exercise intervention improved the speed of responses during the Go-no-Go task without any increase in errors. This improvement was enhanced by cognitive enrichment (6 ± 1% ; p >  0.05), when compared with exercise alone (4 ± 0.5% ,). Following exercise cessation, this positive effect disappeared. No effect was observed on SRT performance. Conclusion: Regular aerobic exercise improved cognitive performance in MCI subjects and the addition of cognitive tasks during exercise potentiated this effect. However, the influence of aerobic exercise on cognitive performance did not persist after cessation of training. Studies involving a larger number of subjects are necessary to confirm these results.
Multifunctional Effect of Human Serum Albumin Reduces Alzheimer’s Disease Related Pathologies in the 3xTg Mouse Model
Authors: Ezra Assaf , Rabinovich-Nikitin Inna , Rabinovich-Toidman Polina , Solomon Beka
Published: January 2016

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the prevalent dementia in the elderly, involves many related and interdependent pathologies that manifests simultaneously, eventually leading to cognitive impairment and death. No treatment is currently available; however, an agent addressing several key pathologies simultaneously has a better therapeutic potential. Human serum albumin (HSA) is a highly versatile protein, harboring multifunctional properties that are relevant to key pathologies underlying AD. This study provides insight into the mechanism for HSA’s therapeutic effect. In vivo, a myriad of beneficial effects were observed by pumps infusing HSA intracerebroventricularly, for the first time in an AD 3xTg mice model. A significant effect on amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology was observed. Aβ1-42, soluble oligomers, and total plaque area were reduced. Neuroblastoma SHSY5Y cell line confirmed that the reduction in Aβ1-42 toxicity was due to direct binding rather than other properties of HSA. Total and hyperphosphorylated tau were reduced along with an increase in tubulin, suggesting increased microtubule stability. HSA treatment also reduced brain inflammation, affecting both astrocytes and microglia markers. Finally, evidence for blood-brain barrier and myelin integrity repair was observed. These multidimensional beneficial effects of intracranial administrated HSA, together or individually, contributed to an improvement in cognitive tests, suggesting a non-immune or Aβ efflux dependent means for treating AD.
Tobacco Smoke-Induced Brain White Matter Myelin Dysfunction: Potential Co-Factor Role of Smoking in Neurodegeneration
Authors: Yu Rosa , Deochand Chetram , Krotow Alexander , Leão Raiane , Tong Ming , Agarwal Amit R. , Cadenas Enrique , de la Monte Suzanne M.
Published: January 2016

Background: Meta-analysis studies showed that smokers have increased risk for developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) compared with non-smokers, and neuroimaging studies revealed that smoking damages white matter structural integrity. Objective: The present study characterizes the effects of side-stream (second hand) cigarette smoke (CS) exposures on the expression of genes that regulate oligodendrocyte myelin-synthesis, maturation, and maintenance and neuroglial functions. Methods: Adult male A/J mice were exposed to air (8 weeks; A8), CS (4 or 8 weeks; CS4, CS8), or CS8 followed by 2 weeks recovery (CS8 + R). The frontal lobes were used for histology and qRT-PCR analysis. Results: Luxol fast blue, Hematoxylin and Eosin stained histological sections revealed CS-associated reductions in myelin staining intensity and narrowing of the corpus callosum. CS exposures broadly decreased mRNA levels of immature and mature oligodendrocyte myelin-associated, neuroglial, and oligodendrocyte-related transcription factors. These effects were more prominent in the CS8 compared with CS4 group, suggesting that molecular abnormalities linked to white matter atrophy and myelin loss worsen with duration of CS exposure. Recovery normalized or upregulated less than 25% of the suppressed genes; in most cases, inhibition of gene expression was either sustained or exacerbated. Conclusion: CS exposures broadly inhibit expression of genes needed for myelin synthesis and maintenance. These adverse effects often were not reversed by short-term CS withdrawal. The results support the hypothesis that smoking contributes to white matter degeneration, and therefore could be a key risk factor for a number of neurodegenerative diseases, including AD.
Geographic variation in climate as a proxy for climate change: Forecasting evolutionary trajectories from species differentiation and genetic correlations
Authors: Schneider Heather E. , Mazer Susan J.
Published: January 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

Climate change models for California predict a warmer, drier future, potentially resulting in shorter growing seasons. If phenotypic differences between closely related species currently distributed across a moisture and temperature gradient represent adaptations to their abiotic environment, then as conditions become warmer and drier, populations presently adapted to cooler and wetter conditions may evolve to become more similar to those adapted to warmer and drier conditions. Two sister species, Clarkia unguiculata and C. exilis, are distributed across a moisture and temperature gradient in the southern Sierra Nevada, providing an opportunity to predict how this process may occur.

METHODS:

In a greenhouse experiment using wild‐collected seeds from 11 populations in the southern Sierra Nevada, we examined relationships among elevation, climatic conditions, and population means for each trait, then evaluated bivariate relationships among maternal family means, using raw values and controlling for population and seed mass effects on phenotype.

KEY RESULTS:

Clarkia exilis occupied warmer, drier conditions, typically at lower elevations, than C. unguiculata did and flowered earlier and faster, producing smaller flowers with lower herkogamy. In C. unguiculata, petal area, herkogamy, and the rate of flower production were positively correlated with days to first flower.

CONCLUSIONS:

If selection favors earlier flowering, smaller petals, or faster flower production in C. unguiculata, then the genetic correlations among these traits should reinforce their joint evolution. Moreover, the correlations between these traits and herkogamy may promote the evolution of self‐fertilization as an indirect response to selection, a previously unrecognized potential outcome of climate change.
BLACK HOLE MERGERS AND BLUE STRAGGLERS FROM HIERARCHICAL TRIPLES FORMED IN GLOBULAR CLUSTERS
Authors: Antonini Fabio , Chatterjee Sourav , Rodriguez Carl L. , Morscher Meagan , Pattabiraman Bharath , Kalogera Vicky , Rasio Frederic A.
Published: January 2016

Hierarchical triple-star systems are expected to form frequently via close binary–binary encounters in the dense cores of globular clusters (GCs). In a sufficiently inclined triple, gravitational interactions between the inner and outer binary can cause large-amplitude oscillations in the eccentricity of the inner orbit (“Lidov–Kozai (LK) cycles”), which can lead to a collision and merger of the two inner components. In this paper we use Monte Carlo models of dense star clusters to identify all triple systems formed dynamically and we compute their evolution using a highly accurate three-body integrator which incorporates relativistic and tidal effects. We find that a large fraction of these triples evolve through a non-secular dynamical phase which can drive the inner binary to higher eccentricities than predicted by the standard secular perturbation theory (even including octupole-order terms). We place constraints on the importance of LK-induced mergers for producing: (i) gravitational wave sources detectable by Advanced LIGO (aLIGO), for triples with an inner pair of stellar black holes (BHs); and (ii) blue straggler stars, for triples with main-sequence-star components. We find a realistic aLIGO detection rate of BH mergers due to the LK mechanism of ∼1 yr−1, with about 20% of these having a finite eccentricity when they first chirp into the aLIGO frequency band. While rare, these events are likely to dominate among eccentric compact object inspirals that are potentially detectable by aLIGO. For blue stragglers, we find that the LK mechanism can contribute up to ∼10% of their total numbers in GCs.
L’expérience de la parentalité de mères psychotiques
Authors: Cognard Marion , Wendland Jaqueline
Published: January 2016

Les études menées sur la parentalité des mères présentant un trouble psychotique portent majoritairement sur leurs dysfonctionnements ou sur les conséquences pour l’enfant. Plusieurs recherches ont montré l’importance de l’environnement comme soutien à la parentalité. La littérature s’est toutefois peu intéressée au vécu de ces mères. Cette étude exploratoire interroge, à travers l’entretien de recherche et l’échelle d’ insight Q8 de Bourgeois, le vécu de la parentalité de neuf mères, suivies en services de psychiatrie pour adultes, ainsi que leur perception du soutien extérieur dans l’après-coup, alors que leurs enfants sont déjà adultes. Les résultats suggèrent une parentalité partielle et la nécessité de favoriser des dispositifs d’aide adaptés aux périodes du développement de l’enfant. Des violences intrafamiliales sont également mises en exergue.
Identidad Social en Amartya Sen: vinculando libertad y responsabilidad en democracia
Authors: Carvajal Muñoz María Rosario
Published: January 2016

La identidad social es plural, no unívoca, elegida, no heredada ni meramente descubierta, y en convivencia armónica con otras identidades (Sen, 2001, p. 319). Las identidades remiten al término de capacidad, un aspecto de la libertad entendido como la disposición a elegir de los individuos a partir de la existencia de oportunidades sustantivas (Sen, 2004, p. 520). En la actualidad se construyen y refuerzan algunas identidades, pero también se debilitan otras, como las que afectan al ámbito laboral. Este texto insiste en la necesidad de reflexionar en la vinculación existente entre identidad, libertad y responsabilidad. La identidad sin libertad se hace quimera, pero la presencia de identidad y libertad sin responsabilidad se hace también imposible. Porque la identidad como opción que se elige, y que implica una acción, necesita tanto de la responsabilidad individual como de la responsabilidad para con otros posibilitando oportunidades sustantivas para hacerla efectiva. Este trabajo es pertinente porque la literatura existente no se detiene de forma explícita en analizar estas relaciones.
El antimaritenismo de Rafael Calvo Serer a través de la revista Arbor (1944-1953)
Authors: Díaz Hernández Onésimo
Published: January 2016

En este artículo se trata de la construcción de un proyecto político-cultural a través de la revista Arbor en los primeros años del franquismo. El director de Arbor (1951-1953), Rafael Calvo Serer, formó un pensamiento tradicionalista y monárquico contrario a la idea de nueva cristiandad defendida por Jacques Maritain. Por último, se analizan las tácticas empleadas por Rafael Calvo Serer para desestabilizar el proyecto cultural de Joaquín Ruiz-Giménez, ministro de Educación del gobierno de Franco entre 1951 y 1956.
Des clusters aux écosystèmes industriels locaux
Authors: Torre André , Zimmermann Jean-Benoît
Published: January 2016

Depuis plusieurs décennies, chercheurs et décideurs sont quasi-unanimes pour considérer le développement local et les systèmes productifs territoriaux comme des allant-de-soi. Certaines notions ont même joué un rôle phare de la pensée et de l’action : districts, SPL, milieux, clusters, technopoles, pôles de compétitivité… Comprendre les enjeux contemporains des rapports entre industrie et territoire nécessite de prendre en compte les évolutions qui se sont dessinées au fil du temps, autour de ces questions de systèmes locaux et de leur insertion dans les dynamiques globales de changement des économies. Notre démarche vise à problématiser et illustrer la manière dont les systèmes industriels localisés, aujourd’hui le plus souvent dénommés « clusters », au-delà des aspects d’interactions locales et globales entre les acteurs, se doivent d’internaliser toujours davantage des dimensions contextuelles de proximité, aussi bien environnementales que sociétales. L’adjonction de ces deux variables conduit à déborder de plus en plus largement du cadre traditionnel et des frontières des mondes de l’industrie et de l’innovation technologique, pour renouveler l’approche des systèmes locaux, vers les questions de systèmes d’affaires ou d’écologie industrielle et territoriale.
Le renouvellement d’un cluster basé sur la proximité organisée
Authors: Detchenique Guillaume
Published: January 2016

Cet article s’inscrit dans les travaux de l’École de la Proximité où le rôle joué par les proximités géographique et organisée dans les relations inter-organisationnelles est souligné. Pour compléter les recherches portant sur le cycle de vie et la résilience des clusters, cette grille d’analyse est mobilisée pour étudier l’influence de la proximité organisée sur le renouvellement d’un cluster. Le cas unique du renouvellement du cluster cidricole français initié au début des années 2000 a été analysé selon une recherche qualitative au cours de laquelle une analyse documentaire et trente entretiens semi-directifs ont été réalisés. Les résultats montrent le rôle du nouveau leader dans la redynamisation du cluster, l’implication des autres organisations et le lancement de projets collectifs.
Récents enseignements de la théorie des réseaux en faveur de la politique et du management des clusters
Authors: Suire Raphaël , Vicente Jérôme
Published: January 2016

À la suite d’une abondante littérature sur le rôle important du développement des clusters pour l’innovation et la croissance dans les économies fondées sur la connaissance, les politiques de cluster ont été récemment et de façon croissante remises en cause par les évidences empiriques. Le but de l’article est de montrer qu’en dépit de ce scepticisme croissant, de nouvelles opportunités pour les politiques de soutien aux clusters et leur management collectif existent. Ces opportunités requièrent de passer de la logique du « tout réseau » qui caractérise les « cluster policy guidelines » à des formes plus chirurgicales et ciblées d’incitation à la collaboration dans la R&D, ainsi qu’à des dispositifs renouvelés de coordination, favorisant un ensemble de propriétés structurelles des réseaux le long des phases du cycle de vie des clusters.
Le déploiement des écosystèmes industriels et d’innovation dans le business vert
Authors: Depret Marc-Hubert , Hamdouch Abdelillah
Published: January 2016

Les technologies vertes constituent aujourd’hui un secteur en plein essor. Cependant, leur déploiement est confronté à de multiples obstacles. Dans ce contexte, les politiques publiques et la capacité des acteurs à faire émerger et à structurer des écosystèmes « verts » sont cruciales. Après une caractérisation générale de ce que recouvre le business vert, l’article souligne le rôle décisif des conditions institutionnelles et des politiques publiques dans les dynamiques d’émergence, de structuration et de performance de ces écosystèmes. Il insiste également sur l’importance des logiques stratégiques des acteurs et de leur capacité à se connecter à des réseaux globaux d’innovation et de valorisation et à s’inscrire d’emblée dans une perspective de marchés mondiaux.
Arrangements institutionnels et écologie industrielle
Authors: Decouzon Cyril , Maillefert Muriel , Petit Olivier , Sarran Alice
Published: January 2016

Les démarches d’écologie industrielle visent à mutualiser des ressources ou à économiser des flux de matière ou d’énergie. Elles concernent à la fois les entreprises et les territoires. L’objet de cet article est d’analyser l’architecture des formes organisationnelles des synergies de mutualisation liées à la gestion des déchets mis en place. L’analyse des divers outils de coordination (contrats, chartes, etc.) issue de plusieurs cas d’étude montre qu’il existe une architecture institutionnelle régulière dont la logique relève des formes hybrides au sens d’O. Williamson. Le contrat apparaît ainsi à la fois comme un outil de coordination et un outil de gouvernance. Néanmoins, les seuls critères transactionnels se révèlent insuffisants pour différencier les formes organisationnelles et doivent être complétés par une analyse de l’action collective et de ses formes.
External Climatic Conditions and Thermal–Humidity Internal Parameters Changes in Working Environment of Production Building
Authors: Katunský Dušan , Kamenský Martin , Katunská Jana , Zozulák Marek
Published: January 2016

The article describes measurement results of external climate conditions and their influence on internal environment in selected production building in winter period. The content of this contribution is the comparison of external climatic conditions measured during one mounth to internal thermo-humidity parameters. There is comparison between external conditions in chosen 7 days (one week) to indoor conditions in selected one production object in the same time. It can be also comparison between thermo-humidity parameter analyses in industrial production building, considering the effects on energy consumption for heating.
The Impact of the Dynamic External Shading Structure on the Energy Balance of the Reference Building in Summer
Authors: Moravčík Andrej , Puškár Anton
Published: January 2016

In this paper we want to highlight the potential of the external shading structure with insulation property. We focused on the comparison of the impact of horizontal shading element with insulation property and external blind with fixed horizontal fins on reducing solar gains through the structure openings and energy use for cooling of the reference building.
Thermal Bridges Impact on Energy Need for Heating in Low Energy Wooden House
Authors: Ingeli Rastislav , Podhorec Jozef , Čekon Miroslav
Published: January 2016

Energy need for heating is depend on the heat loss of the builing. It is essential to minimize heat losses when designing and building energy efficient buildings. For an energy-efficient building in a cold climate, a large part of the space heating demand is caused by transmission losses through the building envelope. The low-energy buildings are enevelope construction with high thermal resistance. The impact of thermal bridges was studied by comparative calculations for a case study building with different amounts of insulation. In the low-energy buildings are envelope construction with high thermal resistance. When more insulation is used the relative impact of thermal bridges increases. In these buildings is necessary to specify each thermal bridges. This thesis deals with the influence of thermal bridges on energy need for heating in low energy wooden houses.
Selected Aspects of Slovac Republic Territorial Development Visions
Authors: Husenicova Jarmila , Dohnanska Zuzana
Published: January 2016

Paper deals with urbanization development of Slovakia regarding the rate and degree of urbanization, chances of urban spaces use of cities surroundings as consider to land rent, approximation of territorial development legislation to the free market economy conditions, regional visions creations new methods and inevitable need of territorial information systems deepening and automation.
Earth Wall Heat Storage Impact on Indoor Air and Surface Temperature during an Extreme Summer Week
Authors: Mikulasik Michal , Zilinsky Juraj
Published: January 2016

This paper is focused on evaluating heat storage impact on indoor air and surface temperature in simulated space environment utilizing methodology described in a STN standards. Reference model is a basic room with inside and outside walls built with rammed earth. Simulation run is taken in extreme summer week. Results are afterwards compared to STN standards conditions and evaluated.
Impact of Composition of Exterior Wall on the Temperature in the Room
Authors: Binek Kamil , Žilinský Juraj
Published: January 2016

Nowadays, residential as well as office buildings are faced to high demands in terms of thermal comfort, which can be defined as a feeling of satisfaction with the thermal aspects of environment, in which the person does not feel hot or cold . This definition means, that the user does not wish hotter or colder environment. [1] This condition is essential to ensure both during winter and summer. Because the staying in a very warm room is uncomfortable, it is necessary to find a solution to cut off overheating of the building. In urban areas, dense development area and areas with lack of green, this temperature increases very quickly and you cannot absorb it. Because of this, it should be considered to design the correct orientation of the habitat of building. In this article we want to highlight the changes in air temperature during the day.
Optimal Localisation of Window in External Wall of Different Material and Construction Design Considering Linear Loss Coefficient
Authors: Menďan Rastislav , Vavrovič Boris
Published: January 2016

The goal of the article is contribution to the topics analysing the optimal window position in external wall in order to get minimal value of linear loss coefficient.
The Methodology for the Selection of Technologies for the Removal of Microorganisms from ETICS
Authors: Antošová Naďa , Minarovičová Katarína
Published: January 2016

The paper has the ambition to point out the validation of conceptual and a strategic reasoning in the design of solution of “green façade” with external thermal insulation composite system (ETICS). The text deals with selected information derived from long-term research on contamination of ETICS by biological materials (mostly unicellular organisms - algae). The paper concludes with a draft of decision-making process.
Systems of Sensible Thermal Energy Storage
Authors: Jurigova Martina , Chmúrny Ivan
Published: January 2016

This paper is focused on new seasonal energy storage technology. World demands for energy are increasing at present, but the resources of fuel are limited. There is a prediction, that they will become rare and more expensive in subsequent years. The technology, which can contribute to increasing the efficiency of energy consumption, is thermal energy storage. The role of such energy storage systems is to accumulate heat, balancing temperature differences and achievement the most effective use of the collected energy. Thermal energy storage plays an important role in increasing the using of renewable energy.