bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neurofibromatosis Contributing to Carpometacarpal Instability
Authors: Soong Maximillian , Akelman Edward
Published: March 2009

Neurofibromatosis is well known to orthopedic surgeons for causing spinal curvature and tibial bowing. However, skeletal abnormalities of the hand related to this condition have rarely been reported. We present a unique case of neurofibromatosis causing bony changes possibly contributing to carpometacarpal instability. A 29-year-old man with neurofibromatosis type 1 presented with right hand pain after striking a wall. Swelling was difficult to assess as the hand was deformed due to a large plexiform neurofibroma over the ulnar side of the hand. Radiographs showed dorsal dislocation of the fourth and fifth carpometacarpal joints. Erosions, cystic changes, and rounding of the articulations were noted. Closed reduction and splinting were performed in the emergency room, but immediate redislocation occurred. Because of the inherent instability demonstrated clinically and radiographically, fixation was recommended; however, an open procedure was avoided to avoid dissecting through the neurofibroma. Percutaneous pin fixation was performed 1 week after injury, taking care to avoid the nerve lesion. Pins were removed at 6 weeks, and the patient was placed in a cast for an additional 4 weeks. At 6 months after injury, the patient was asymptomatic and had returned to prior level of function. Radiographs showed stable reduction.
The Use of Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay Versus Conventional Methods in Detecting Neonatal Chlamydial Conjunctivitis
Authors: Yip Pui-pui , Chan Wai-ho , Yip Kam-tong , Que Tak-lun , Kwong Ngai-shan , Ho Chi-kin
Published: March 2009

Purpose:
To compare the performance of polymerase chain reaction versus conventional methods (cell culture and direct immunofluorescent assay) in diagnosing neonatal chlamydial conjunctivitis and their correlations to the severity of conjunctivitis.

Methods:
Consecutive cases of neonatal conjunctivitis were recruited over a year. Both eyes were clinically graded according to the severity of conjunctivitis and investigated using the three aforementioned chlamydial tests. Neonatal chlamydial conjunctivitis was assumed if one of these three tests was positive and there was clinical improvement after treatment. Sensitivity and specificity of each of the tests were analyzed.

Results:
Three hundred sixty-eight sets of chlamydial tests were done for 184 neonates. The percentage of positive results was 93.8% and 71.9% for polymerase chain reaction and conventional methods, respectively. Using positive results in either cell culture or direct immunofluorescent assay as a standard to diagnose neonatal chlamydial conjunctivitis, the sensitivity and specificity of polymerase chain reaction were 92.0% and 97.7%, respectively. If we used polymerase chain reaction as a standard, the sensitivity and specificity of cell culture were 73.3% and 99.7%, respectively. A discrepancy was noted in the number of positive results between polymerase chain reaction and conventional methods in milder disease.

Conclusions:
Polymerase chain reaction might have a higher sensitivity and similar specificity in diagnosing neonatal chlamydial conjunctivitis compared to conventional methods, and it has an additional advantage as a diagnostic tool in mild disease.
Periorbital Cellulitis in the Era of Haemophilus Influenzae Type B Vaccine: Predisposing Factors and Etiologic Agents in Hospitalized Children
Authors: Rimon Ayelet , Hoffer Vered , Prais Dario , Harel Liora , Amir Jacob
Published: March 2009

Purpose:
The incidence of Haemophilus influenzae type B (HIB) infection, once the most common cause of periorbital cellulitis, declined dramatically after the introduction of HIB vaccine in 1990. The aim of the current study was to determine the predisposing factors and agents in the pathogenesis of periorbital cellulitis in hospitalized children in the post-HIB vaccination era.

Methods:
Children with clinical findings of periorbital inflammation who were hospitalized in a tertiary pediatric hospital in Israel in 2000–2001 were observed prospectively. Special attention was directed to the predisposing medical condition in each case.

Results:
One hundred sixty-three patients had a final discharge diagnosis of periorbital cellulitis. Mean age was 34 months (median = 24 months). The predisposing conditions were conjunctivitis (42.9%), infected wound or trauma (20.9%), insect bites (9.8%), sinusitis (8%), dacryostenosis (4.9%), and Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteremia (0.6%). Children with conjunctivitis and sinusitis had the most severe inflammatory signs. None of the cultures was positive for HIB, although only 71% of the children had complete immunization.

Conclusion:
The epidemiology of periorbital cellulitis in children has changed in the post-HIB vaccine era. The most common predisposing medical conditions are conjunctivitis or an infected wound in the vicinity of the eye. Bacteremia is rarely a source of the disease. These findings have important clinical implications in terms of choice of treatment.
Amblyopia Treatment: 1998 Versus 2004
Authors: Khazaeni Leila , Quinn Graham E. , Davidson Stefanie L. , Forbes Brian J.
Published: March 2009

Purpose:

To determine whether there has been a change in treatment practice patterns of patients with amblyopia between the late 1990s and 2004.

Methods:

A questionnaire survey was mailed to 1,200 AAPOS members listed in the 2004 AAPOS directory. Seven scenarios were presented that described patients with amblyopia and the clinician was asked to choose from six treatment options. Respondents were asked to indicate their preferred initial treatment in 1998 (or during their initial year of practice if later than 1998) and in 2004. The scenarios were not necessarily those of patients who would meet the eligibility criteria for the Amblyopia Treatment Studies because they also included scenarios to assess the impact of amblyopia treatments in general.

Results:

Three hundred eighty-nine surveys (33.1%) were returned. In four of the seven scenarios, com ments suggested that a change in practice was attributable to recent publications of Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group trials. In all seven scenarios, atropine would have been offered in 2004 as an alternative to patching in 1998, and in five of the seven scenarios the combination of simultaneous atropine and patching would have been prescribed. In six of the seven scenarios, some type of nonspecific near work would now be prescribed as an adjunct treatment.

Conclusion:

A change in practice patterns was observed for some, but not all, scenarios. In many scenarios, this change was directly attributed to the recent Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group trials.

[J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2009;46:19–22.]
Congenital Iris Ectropion Associated With Juvenile Glaucoma
Authors: Monaco Gaspare , Franceschin Sonia , Cacioppo Viviana , Simonetta Simona , Ratiglia Roberto
Published: March 2009

Congenital iris ectropion is an uncommon malformation and no reports exist about the use of modern technologies in this pathology. The authors describe a case of unilateral and isolated congenital iris ectropion associated with juvenile glaucoma in a healthy and completely asymptomatic 6-year-old girl with an unusual form of anisocoria. Optical coherence tomography and confocal scanning laser tomography showed a progressive glaucomatous neuropathy. A trabeculectomy without antimetabolites was performed and intraocular pressure normalized without other medications during a follow-up of 2 years. The authors assert the utility of various diagnostic technologies to recognize congenital iris ectropion early to prevent blindness in young patients and improve their prognosis.
[J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2009;46:35–37.]
Benign Recurrent Abducens (Sixth) Nerve Palsy
Authors: Okutan Vedat , Yavuz Suleyman Tolga , Mutlu Fatih Mehmet , Akin Ridvan
Published: March 2009

Benign recurrent abducens nerve palsy is rare. Twenty-three cases in children have been reported in the literature and many of these cases followed immunization or were associated with viral illness. Most of the reported patients share the following features: spontaneous recovery within 6 months, ipsilateral recurrence, and painless palsy. The authors describe a Turkish child with recurrent abducens nerve palsy with no obvious etiology.
[J Pediatr Ophthalmic Strabismus 2009;46:47–49.]
Limitations of the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph
Authors: Siam Ghada A. , Gheith Moataz E. , Monteiro de Barros Daniela , Lin Albert P. , Moster Marlene R.
Published: March 2009

Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy where damages that occur at the optic nerve head and the retinal never fiber layer are associated with changes in the visual field. The Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (Heidelberg Engineering, Carlsbad, CA), a scanning laser ophthalmoscope, performs a three-dimensional topographic analysis of the optic nerve head and the retinal never fiber layer. The Heidelberg Retina Tomograph has been reported to be a reliable and objective method of identifying structural changes prior to the occurrence of visual field defects. In our series of patients, all had significant visual field defects but normal Heidelberg Retina Tomograph results, including rim area and Moorfield regression analysis. It is important to recognize that interpreting the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph results alone may be misleading; however, when combined with careful clinical evaluation of the optic nerve head and the visual field, the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph may provide valuable information in assisting the clinician with the diagnosis and management of glaucoma. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2008;39:262-264.]
AUTHORS From the Glaucoma Service Department, Wills Eye Institute, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Accepted for publication October 18, 2007. Address correspondence to Ghada A. Siam, MD, FRCS, 840 Walnut Street, Suite 1110, Philadelphia, PA 19107.
Spontaneous Macular Hole Closure With Appearance of Epiretinal Membrane: Implications for Therapy
Authors: Smiddy William E.
Published: March 2009

A 69-year-old man had spontaneous closure of a macular hole 2 years after his initial presentation that was documented by optical coherence tomography. This was related to an increase in an associated epiretinal membrane. Preretinal tissue proliferation is a necessary prerequisite for macular hole closure, whether spontaneous or induced surgically. A guiding template, such as the overlying posterior hyaloid surface or a gas bubble interface, facilitates closure. In this case, the posterior hyaloid was visibly separated and the macular hole was well developed. It is possible that the contraction of the epiretinal membrane narrowed the gap enough to allow closure. This mechanism may have important implications for developing surgical management techniques. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2008;39:237-238.]

AUTHOR From the Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida. Accepted for publication October 10, 2007. Address correspondence to William E. Smiddy, MD, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, 900 NW 17th Street, Miami, FL 33136.
Sub-Tenon’s Block: A National United Kingdom Survey
Authors: Vohra Shashi B. , Murray Philip I.
Published: March 2009

Background and Objective:
A survey was undertaken to ascertain current practices in ophthalmic regional anesthesia with an emphasis on sub-Tenon’s block. Despite its increasing use, there are currently no guidelines for its explicit management.

Patients and Methods:
An anonymized postal questionnaire survey was sent to 173 consultant anesthesiologist members of the British Ophthalmic Anaesthesia Society.

Results:
Sub-Tenon’s blocks were regularly performed by 87.8% of respondents. The majority used a blunt metal cannula via the inferonasal quadrant. Local anesthetic was placed post-equatorially by 58% of respondents and deep posteriorly by 16.7%; 18% used vasopressors. There was no agreement for aseptic precautions, international normalized ratio, platelet levels, or venous access. Complications included vascular and muscular injuries, a case of fainting, and several cases of dysrhythmias. Current United Kingdom guidelines for monitoring patients were not being followed.

Conclusion:
These results show a need for robust national guidelines, especially in view of increasing use, indications, and potential risks of sub-Tenon’s block.
Bioceramic Orbital Implant Exposure Repaired by a Retroauricular Myoperiosteal Graft
Authors: Wang Jia-Kang , Lai Pei-Ching
Published: March 2009

A patient with a painful, blind eye underwent enucleation and bioceramic orbital implantation. The bioceramic implant was wrapped with polyglactin 910 mesh and anteriorly capped with a scleral patch graft. Because there was tension on the wound, a relaxing conjunctival incision on the fornix was performed. Implant exposure with a diameter of 9 mm occurred 4 months after surgery. The exposed bioceramic implant was successfully repaired by a retroauricular myoperiosteal graft. The graft contains myofibrovascularized tissue, provides durable and vascularized coverage of exposed implants, and only requires a nearby harvesting site. The exposure completely resolved without recurrence after 2 years of follow-up.
The Relationship Between Hearing Impairment and Cognitive Function: A 5-Year Longitudinal Study
Authors: Wallhagen Margaret I. , Strawbridge William J. , Shema Sarah J.
Published: March 2009

Maximizing patients'cognitive functioning and quality of life is a key concern for nurses. Some data suggest that hearing loss may be associated with cognitive decline. To further assess this association, a 5-year longitudinal study was conducted using a community sample of 2,002 men and women ages 50 to 94. A relatively strong relationship between baseline hearing impairment and subsequent poorer cognitive function was found in both existing and new cases of cognitive impairment. These findings raise questions for nursing practice and support the need for increased dialogue and collaborative studies across specialties to both refine the understanding of the factors involved and develop clinical strategies to minimize sensory and cognitive loss.
Mixed Mode (KI+KII) Stress Intensity Factor Measurement by Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry and Image Correlation
Authors: Shterenlikht A. , Díaz Garrido F.A. , Lopez-Crespo Pablo , Withers Philip J. , Patterson E.A.
Published: March 2009

The surface displacement fields of a fatigue precracked compact tension sample under tensile load were registered by electronic speckle pattern interferometry and image correlation. The in-plane elastic strain fields calculated from the displacement data were used to obtain the first stress invariant, which for the case of plane stress is proportional to the real part of the first complex potential in Muskhelishvili's approach. Solutions for the stress fields around the crack tip, KI and KII were sought in the form of the Fourier series using Muskhelishvili's complex stress functions. The Fourier series coefficients were calculated from the displacement data using multiple point overdeterministic method (MPODM). The nominal and inferred KI values differ by around 10%; this is probably due in part to mixed mode (KII) loading introduced by some degree of misalignment during the experiment.
Photoelastic Investigation of Friction and Residual Stress in Shrink-Fitted Shafts and Hubs
Authors: Jones I.A. , Truman Christopher E. , Booker Julian D.
Published: March 2009

This paper describes initial investigations into the use of frozen-stress photoelasticity to study the development of slippage within shrink-fitted shaft/hub pairs, with the aim of studying the residual stresses remaining after partial slippage has occurred. Results to date show the feasibility of measuring the shear stresses along the partially-slipping interface between shaft and hub.
Prediction of Residual Stress in Hard Turning of AISI 52100 Using 2D FEM
Authors: Wang Zhong Qiu , Sun J. , Li Jian Feng , Al-Zkeri I.
Published: March 2009

Residual stress on the machined surface and the subsurface is one of the most important factors that can influence the service quality of a component, such as fatigue life, tribological properties, and distortion. In this work, a 2D FEM model of AISI 52100 hard turning processes is setup. The material properties are widely selected to describe the material property more precisely. By using user subroutine named Konti-Cut, the steady state of cutting process is simulated and the cutting forces and residual stresses in this time are investigated. By comparing the cutting forces, the FEM model can gives quite good appliance with experimental data. And the basic relations between residual stresses and cutting parameter, tool geometry are drawn.
Predictive Modeling and Optimization of High Performance Machining
Authors: Liang Steven Y. , Abraham Binti M.
Published: March 2009

High performance machining refers to the material removal operation that delivers the maximum achievable part quality, process competitiveness, and ecological compatibility through strategic utilization of cutters, machine tools, operation configuration, and process parameters. It is rapidly emerging as a prerequisite to productivity and profitability of machining operations and associated manufacturing systems. To accomplish high performance machining, a thorough understanding of the underlying mechanics that affect the performance attributes such as tool life, part integrity, air quality, etc., and how it is attributed to tooling conditions, operation configuration, and process parameters, is required. This paper reviews and summarizes a series of analytical methodologies by coupling with studies performed at the Georgia Institute of Technology for the quantitative modeling of fundamental mechanics of machining in the context of thermal, mechanical, tribological, and metallurgical effects and their interactions. In this study, cutting stresses, residual stress and tool life are explicitly described as functions of tool geometries, cutting speed, chip load, cutting fluid properties, interface tribological conditions, and the cutter/workpiece material constants. These analytical models facilitate the prediction of machining performance thereby allowing the optimal planning of machining processes in pursuing maximum performance. An array of experimental cutting data is also presented in comparison to model-based predictions for the validation of all aspects of the machining mechanics analysis.
Simulation of Substrate Temperature Distribution in Diamond Films Growth on Cemented Carbide Inserts by Hot Filament CVD
Authors: Zuo Wei , Shen Bin , Sun Fang Hong , Chen Ming
Published: March 2009

Three-dimensional finite element simulations were used to investigate the influences of
various hot filaments and other deposition parameters on the temperature field of substrates which
affect significantly the growth and quality of diamond films by hot filament chemical vapor
deposition (HFCVD) and based on the simulation results, the optimum position for diamond
deposition was found. In the experiment, six cemented tungsten carbide inserts were used as
substrates and placed on the workbench in the CVD reactor to deposit diamond films. According to
the temperature distribution on substrates measured by thermocouple fixed in CVD reactor, the
simulations were validated and the optimum arrangement of substrates was established from the
simulation results. In addition, the simulation model was altered to optimize the process parameters
of HFCVD deposition, and an improved process of depositing diamond films with high quality was
obtained in order to achieve the great surface morphology, which laid the foundation of developing
a new method to arrange the substrates in the CVD reactor for depositing diamond films.
Non-Destructive Evaluation of Damage Mechanisms in Composite Sandwich Structure
Authors: Puri Amit , Fergusson Alexander D. , Palmer I. , Morris Andrew , Jensen F. , Dear John P.
Published: March 2009

This paper presents the experimental results obtained of flexurally loaded wind turbine
blade cross section material. All material was extracted from a wind turbine blade box girder and
testing was conducted in four point configuration. The aim was to gain an understanding of the
structural integrity of this lightweight material as it deforms in flexure. To allow for thorough
analysis, digital image correlation (DIC) was used to produce full field strain maps of the deforming
specimens. Results highlight the capability of the DIC technique to identify regions of failure, as
well as the aspects responsible for them. Overall, the results present a foundation for tests on larger
substructure, and eventually integration into manufacturing and maintenance aspects of the industry.
A New Method of Measuring Young's Modulus for Flexible Thin Materials Using a Cantilever
Authors: Ohtsuki Atsumi
Published: March 2009

This paper describes a development of a new method (: Cantilever Method) to measure Young’s modulus of flexible materials. The method is based on a nonlinear deformation theory that takes into account large deformation behaviors. A set of testing devices was designed and machined. Measurements were carried out on two kinds of flexible materials (PVC: a high-polymer material and SWPA: a steel material). The modulus measured by this method is “Secant modulus”. The results of my evaluation confirm that the new method is suitable for flexible thin plates or rods. Based on the assessments made the method can be further applied to thin sheet and fiber materials (e.g., steel belt, glass fiber, carbon fiber, optical fiber, etc.).
Monitoring Creep Strain in Power Station Engineering Plant
Authors: Morris Andrew , Dear John P. , Kourmpetis Miltiadis , Maharaj Chris , Puri Amit , Fergusson Alexander D.
Published: March 2009

Cost effective and reliable operation of a power station plant and achieving low carbon
dioxide emissions can be very dependent on maintenance activities. Planning maintenance to
minimise the down-time of the plant is a key cost factor. It is important to have the latest data as to the
age and state of the components and parts at the time of plant shut down. Indeed, deciding on the best
time to shut down the plant for maintenance can depend upon trends in these data. For steam pipes,
the required ageing information is the creep strain rate. These creep strain data obtained at shut down
provide key information as to the needed replacement of pipes to maintain reliable plant operation.
This paper presents the E.ON UK ARCMAC creep strain measurement systems that are being further
developed by Imperial College London with the use of DIC and other techniques.
On Pain Detection in Multibody Systems
Authors: Ostermeyer Georg Peter , Schiefer Frank
Published: March 2009

Up to now a coherence between pain and technical systems has almost not been researched.
Whereas some aspects of the nociceptive pain which serves human beings as a warning system and
is also described as useful, can be transferred necessarily to technical systems. The idea of pain
detection is an additional product of the Mesoscopic Particle Method [2-4]. Thereby the
transformation of kinetic energy into heat energy caused by impact- and friction processes in the
boundary layer of contact areas is described correctly with respect to thermodynamics. Between the
properties of pain and heat there obviously exist analogies. Pain increases when certain external
effects get higher and decreases smoothly, when the effect is taken off [5]. Generally pain is a
vector of different phenomena. By means of the developed sensor concept the application of energy
is detected including implicit frequency selective information about the jerk. It will experimentally
and numerically be shown how e. g. a “hard-soft-detection” of surfaces can be evaluated by the
developed sensor concept.
Application of Computer Simulation Methods for Running Safety Assessment of Railway Vehicles in Example of Freight Cars
Authors: Chudzikiewicz Andrzej , Opala Michał
Published: March 2009

We shall discuss the problem of rail vehicle safety studies using simulation methods. The contemporary methods and criteria used for safety assessment of railway vehicles by railways Europe are shown, whereas special attention is paid to the criteria and research programs applied to the vehicle approval procedures in Poland. Taking advantage of these safety criteria and codes of practice, a number of computer simulations have been conducted in order to study the safety issues. Presented results of the computer simulations include a rail vehicle running on a tangent and curved track for different simulation parameters such as: running velocity, load level, condition of wheel profiles, track irregularities. The track irregularities represent different maintenance quality levels which are set according to UIC518 code. In this paper there has also been made a comparison between the results of computer simulation safety assessment studies and the measurements taken in real conditions during the safety tests of a Shimmns(s) type freight vehicle.
PLLA/HA Electrospin Hybrid Nanofiber Scaffolds: Morphology, In Vitro Degradation and Cell Culture Potential
Authors: Zhao Min Li , Sui Gang , Deng Xu Liang , Lu Ji Gui , Ryu Seung Kon , Yang Xiao Ping
Published: March 2009

Electrospinning has recently emerged as a potential technique for fabricating biomimetic tissue engineering scaffolds. In this study, Poly (l-lactic acid) (PLLA) /Nano-hydroxyapatite (HA) hybrid nanofibers scaffolds were prepared by electrospinning. The relationship between process parameters and fiber diameter has been investigated. The fiber diameter decreased with decreasing polymer concentration and with increasing electrospinning voltage; After 6 weeks of in vitro degradation, the mass, viscosity-average molecular weight of the nanofibers scaffolds and the pH value of the degradation solution were changed, the fibers lost their surface smoothness and a regular rough topology was generated after 32d of degradation, the degradation rates of PLLA/HA hybrid nanofibers were slower than those of pure PLLA fibers; The biocompatibility of the nanofibers scaffold has also been investigated by culturing cells on the nanofibers scaffold, elementary results showed that the cells adhered and proliferated well on the PLLA/HA hybrid nanofibers scaffolds.
Pressure Dependence of Phases in Carbon Nanosized Powders for Investigating Cooling Rate of Pulsed Wire Discharge Plasma
Authors: Kobayashi Ryota , Nishimura Seigo , Suzuki Tsuneo , Nakayama Tadachika , Suematsu Hisayuki , Jiang Wei Hua , Niihara Koichi
Published: March 2009

We have attempted phase identification of carbon nanosized powders prepared by pulsed
wire discharge (PWD) to clarify the cooling process of PWD plasma. To prepare the carbon
nanosized powders, carbon fibers were discharged in nitrogen gas at 26 – 101 kPa by PWD. Volume
fractions of phases in the carbon nanosized powders were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis and
powder X-ray diffraction. The volume fraction of amorphous carbon, which must be formed by
quenching of carbon plasma, was increased with increasing nitrogen gas pressure. This result
suggested that the cooling rate of PWD plasma increased with increasing ambient gas pressure.
Order/Disorder Hybrid Structures in Photonic Glass Materials
Authors: Fujiwara Takumi , Honma Takayuki , Mizuno S. , Iwafuchi N. , Benino Yasuhiko , Komatsu Takayuki
Published: March 2009

Investigations for space-selected structure ordering from nano-particles to single-crystal patterning in glasses will be described. Transparent crystallization in glass must be the best material solution to obtain novel functional glasses with a permanent second-order optical nonlinearity. We focus on the new functions created by structure ordering in glass by means of laser micro-fabrication for space-selected crystallization. Two topics in our recent experimental results of space-selected structure ordering in glass will be presented as follows: 1) Single crystalline patterning by atom heat laser processing in Sm-doped glasses for optical waveguides with second-order optical nonlinearity, 2) structure ordering of domains in crystallized glass fibers for possible photonic fiber-type devices with active signal processing.
Sialite Technology
Authors: Feng Xiang Peng , Sun Heng Hu , Liu Xiao Ming
Published: March 2009

Sialite is an ecological cementitious material that can be polymerized at normal
temperature and under normal pressure. According to the nature’s rules of transformation from
pozzolana to rock, rock mineralogical theories, geochemical theories and materials design theories,
coordinate rule and compatibility principle, large amount of industrial solid wastes are made to
produce sialite, which not only can achieve the reuse of the industrial solid wastes, but also can
solve the problem of lack of original resources in cement industry. On the bases of the sialite
technology theory background and the study evolve of laboratory and the applied projects, the
significance of the sialite technology is expatiated.
Influence of Inorganic Ion on the Synthesis of Hollow Calcium Carbonate
Authors: Hadiko Gunawan , Han Yong Sheng , Fuji Masayoshi , Takahashi Minoru
Published: March 2009

Hollow calcium carbonate (CaCO3) particles were synthesized by bubbling CO2 in the solution of calcium chloride (CaCl2) with the presence of ammonia at room temperature. Hollow calcium carbonate is a potential component to be used as pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and catalysis. This paper investigated the effect of additive on the hollow structure. In this study was used vanadate ion as additive agent. Physical characteristics of precipitate were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).
Acoustic Emission for Corrosion Detection
Authors: Cole P.T. , Watson J.R.
Published: March 2009

Corrosion is the major cause of structural degradation in industrial plant and structures;
the consequences of not identifying its presence and status can be severe, leading to a myriad of
methods for its evaluation and monitoring. Amongst these there are a large number based on
acoustic methods, and this paper concentrates on three variations involving passive monitoring with
the aim of summarizing their usual area of applications and limitations. Passive monitoring involves
listening to the process of corrosion itself, which usually causes acoustic emission as a result of the
fracture and de-bonding of expansive corrosion products, localised yielding, or micro-crack
formation. This method is applied to reinforced concrete structures, storage tank floors, and process
plant whilst in service.
Interfacial Reaction of Cu/Sn-Ag/ENIG Sandwich Solder Joint during Aging
Authors: Yoon Jeong Won , Jung Seung Boo
Published: March 2009

The interaction between Cu/Sn-Ag and Sn-Ag/Ni interfacial reactions has been studied
during isothermal aging at 150°C for up to 1000h using a Cu/Sn-3.5Ag/ENIG sandwich solder joint.
A typical scallop-type Cu-Sn intermetallic compound (IMC) layer formed at the upper Sn-Ag/Cu
interface after reflowing. On the other hand, a (Cu,Ni)6Sn5 IMC layer was observed at the
Sn-Ag/ENIG interface. The Cu in the (Cu,Ni)6Sn5 IMC layer formed on the Ni side has to be
contributed from the dissolution of the opposite Cu metal pad or Cu-Sn IMC layer. When the
dissolved Cu arrived at the interface of the Ni pad, the (Cu,Ni)6Sn5 IMC layer formed on the Ni
interface, preventing the Ni pad from reacting with the solder. Although a long isothermal aging
treatment at 150°C was performed, any Ni was not detected in the Cu-Sn IMC layer formed on the Cu
side. Compared to the single Sn-Ag/ENIG solder joint, the formation of the (Cu,Ni)6Sn5 IMC layer of
the Cu/Sn-Ag/ENIG sandwich joint retarded effectively the consumption of the Ni from the
electroless Ni-P layer.
Low Temperature Superplasticity of Fine-Grained Magnesium Alloy AZ31
Authors: Xing Jie , Yang Xu Yue , Miura Hiromi , Sakai Taku
Published: March 2009

Low temperature superplasticity (LTSP) was studied in a fine-grained magnesium alloy
AZ31 which was processed by multi-directional forging (MDF) under decreasing temperature
conditions. Tensile specimens were cut from MDFed Mg alloy parallel to the final compression
axis (CA), and the tensile axis perpendicular to the CA. Tensile tests was carried out at
temperatures from 393K to 473K and at various strain rates. Superplasticity appears even at a low
temperature of 393K with a stress exponent (n) of about 0.56 and a total elongation of 370%. The
relative large stress exponent can be connected with grain coarsening taking place during
deformation. The initial texture hardly takes place during deformation. This suggests that grain
rotation does not occur during superplasticcity.
Deferrization of Kaolinic Sand by Iron Oxidizing and Iron Reducing Bacteria
Authors: Kupka Daniel , Lovás Michal , Šepelák Vladimir
Published: March 2009

Iron oxidizing bacteria Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, iron reducing bacteria Acidiphilium spp. and their mixture were applied for leaching of iron impurities from quartz sand. The bacterial leaching was carried out in order to decrease the amount of colouring iron oxides and to improve the technological properties of the raw material. Mineralogical analysis confirmed the presence of siderite, iron-bearing muscovite and various amorphous and crystalline forms of iron oxides occurring both free and coating siderite and quartz particles. Mössbauer spectroscopy revealed various oxidation and magnetic states of iron ions, with the prevalence of reduced ionic species. Highest extraction of iron was achieved with pure culture of iron-reducing bacteria with ferrous iron as dominant species in the leaching liquor. Surprisingly, iron oxidizing bacteria caused passivation of the surface of iron-bearing minerals, resulting in the depression of iron leaching in comparison with abiotic control. Ferric iron was major species in the leaching solution containing the mixed culture of iron-oxidizing and iron-reducing bacteria. The mixture was far less efficient in iron extraction than pure culture of iron-reducing bacteria.
Remediation of Acid Mine Drainage by Means of Biological and Chemical Methods
Authors: Luptakova Alena , Spaldon Tomislav , Balintova Magdalena
Published: March 2009

The formation and treatment of acid mine drainage is the biggest environmental problems
relating to mining and processing activities in the worldwide. Various methods are used for the
sulphates and heavy metals removal from acid mine drainage in the world, but any of them is
universal. Main aim of the paper is the interpretation of chemical and biological-chemical methods
for the metals and sulphates removal from acid mine drainage sample. The chemical method is
based on the sulphates precipitation by the sodium aluminate in combination with the calcium
hydrate. The biological-chemical method is based on the application of sulphate-reducing bacteria
(SRB). A sample of acid mine drainage from the abandoned and flooded deposit of Smolník located
in Slovak republic was used in this study.
Biohydrometallurgical Processing of Flotation Tailings from Different Copper Mills
Authors: Sagdieva M.G. , Borminskiy S.I. , Rakhmatullaeva Z.E. , Tonkikh A.K. , Sanakulov K.S. , Scott B.
Published: March 2009

Two copper flotation tailings samples, one from the Almalyk Mining and Metallurgical
Complex, Uzbekistan (sample designated AMMC) and the other from Whitehorse (WT), Yukon,
Canada, were bioleached at laboratory scale. Acidophilic, iron- and sulphur-oxidizing cultures were
enriched from the two tailings and these cultures were used for the testing. After 24 weeks of
bioleaching in percolator columns 70-72% of the copper was leached from the AMMC tailings and
91-93% of the copper was leached from the WT tailings. The chalcopyritic nature of the copper and
larger particle size of the AMMC tailings compared to the WT tailings were likely reasons that
copper extraction was greater for the AMMC tailings. In-column, thiosulphate leaching of
biooxidized residues yielded 90+% gold extraction for both tailings. In other testing the two
cultures were subjected to an electromagnetic field during growth on ferrous iron. Compared to
untreated controls, cultures subjected to the electromagnetic field oxidized iron more rapidly.
Although magnetite, which exerts an electromagnetic field, was present in the AMMC tailings,
there was no evidence that this magnetite had any effect on the bioleaching results. However, given
the enhanced performance of the iron-grown cultures under the influence of an electromagnetic
field, we believe that additional research should be performed to investigate this phenomenon
Microbial Diversity in a Pilot Plant for Producing Iron Hydroxysulfates
Authors: Heinzel Elke , Hedrich Sabrina , Seifert Jana , Schlömann Michael
Published: March 2009

The microbial community of a pilot plant for the production of iron hydroxysulfates by biological oxidation of ferrous iron was studied using molecular techniques. The 16S rRNA gene libraries were dominated by one sequence type, which can be classified phylogenetically to the class of Betaproteobacteria. These bacteria have no close cultivated relatives and were also proved as the dominating species in other mine waters. The microbial community was observed over a period of 18 months using TRFLP to investigate the influence of different process parameters on the composition of the microbial diversity. These studies verified the dominance of the Betaproteobacteria in the pilot plant.
Some Considerations Concerning the Obtaining of Some Ag-SnO2 Sintered Electrical Contacts for Low Voltage Power Engineering Switching Devices
Authors: Lungu Magdalena , Gavriliu Stefania , Patroi Delia , Lucaci Mariana
Published: March 2009

The paper presents some considerations concerning the obtaining and characterisation of some new electrical contact pieces of Ag-SnO2-MeO type, where the MeO is an additive chose from the series of metallic oxides WO3, Bi2O3 and CuO. These have a SnO2 content of 9.5 wt. %, a MeO content of 0.5 wt. %, the balance being Ag. The electrical contact materials were manufactured by powder metallurgy techniques using a new type of powder mixtures obtained from SnO2 and MeO powders which were wet mixed, simultaneously with “in situ” Ag synthesis. These present a very uniform and fine dispersion, which in turn leads to improved functional characteristics of the final electrical contact pieces in comparison to the dry mechanical powders mixtures. The new products were designed for low voltage power engineering switching devices working in air at In = 40, 125 and 200 A.
30 Years of Modeling of Microstructure Evolution during Casting Solidification
Authors: Stefanescu D.M.
Published: March 2009

This paper is a review of the marvelous development of mathematical and computer models that describe the fundamentals of microstructure evolution during the solidification of cast alloys, from the 1966 seminal paper by Oldfield, the first to attempt computational modeling of microstructure evolution during solidification, to the current prediction of mechanical properties. The latest analytical models for irregular eutectics such as cast iron, as well as numerical models with microstructure output, to include cellular automaton, will be discussed. Phase field models will not be discussed because of their inapplicability to casting solidification at the present time.
Formation and Control of Two Side Direction Burr
Authors: Wang Gui Cheng , Shen Chun Gen , Pei Hong Jie , Zhu Yun Ming , Li Qin Feng , Qu Hai Jun
Published: March 2009

Based on the orthogonal cutting experiments, the two side direction burrs in metal cutting
were studied. In this study, the cutting model of two side direction burr formation and translation is
established with plane stress-strain theory. The main laws of formation and change of burr in size and
type in orthogonal cutting are revealed, and it is confirmed by experiment results, which first realizes
control of the forming and change of the two side direction burr in metal cutting operation.
Effect of Grain Boundary Characteristics on Lattice Orientations
Authors: Cho Jae Hyung
Published: March 2009

Grain boundary characteristics are defined by five parameter, grain boundary plane normal
and misorientation angle/axis between two adjacent grains. The influence of the grain boundary
character distribution on lattice evolution during deformation was investigated using
three-dimensional crystal plasticity finite element method (CPFEM). Various combinations of grain
boundaries were modeled systematically. In analyzing the numerical microstructural characterization
obtained by the simulation, orientation average scheme and correlation parameters between
misorientation and its special distribution are used. Inter- and intra-grain structures were investigated
using the spatial distribution of lattice orientation. Main emphasis was placed on misorientation
distributions around grain boundaries, where grain interaction mainly occurred.
Recovery of Magnesium Oxide and Magnesium Hydroxide from the Waste Bittren
Authors: Lee Sung Woo , Lim Jun Heok
Published: March 2009

The recycling of magnesium chloride brines via a multi-step chemical reaction and
precipitation process has been studied in waste bittern from a salt purification plant. In this study,
the rates of particle (magnesium hydroxide) growth, the effects of initial concentration of reactants
and optimum condition of reaction to make high purity magnesium hydroxide were investigated.
Produced magnesium hydroxide was separated and washed using carboxy methyl cellulose as
sedimentation agent, and used sodium stearate to prevent particle from aggregating. The mean
particle size of obtained high quality magnesium hydroxide are 5 μm and concentration is 99.5%.
Prediction of Mechanical Properties and Microstructure Distribution of Normalized Large Marine Crankthrow
Authors: Sun Ming Yue , Lu Shan Ping , Li Shi Jian , Li Dian Zhong , Li Yi Yi
Published: March 2009

Based on the measured CCT diagram of steel S34MnV, the parameters for the heat
treatment of large marine crankthrow were designed, and the models for predicting microstructural
evolution and mechanical properties were developed. By computer simulation, the temperature and
phase volume evolutions in the controlled cooling process were predicted together with the final
mechanical properties. Finally, the manufactural trial was carried out in heavy plant, the
temperature evolution and final mechanical properties on the blank were obtained. The
manufactural data agree well with the predicted results.
Finite Element Analysis of Cable Products for High Impaction and Fatigue Resistance with Nonlinear Material Models
Authors: Yang Hoon Chul , Kwon Yang Mi , Kim Tae Sung , Kim Won Bae
Published: March 2009

This paper presents experimental and numerical simulation for deformation and fatigue life
prediction of various cables, such as electrical, optical and network cables. The cable damage is
produced by the tensile, bending and torsional action under moving and fixing condition, and by
direct external impact. To obtain material responses of the cable, uniaxial tensile tests and
drop-weight impact tests were adopted, and the nonlinear constitutive equations based on various
strain energy potentials or material models were employed to analyze deformation of polymer sheath
and metallic armor layer of the cable. Finite element results were compared with experimental data
for deformation and impact absorption energy of the cable during direct external impact. Also, fatigue
strength of the cable was predicted from variation of calculated stress level under tensile conditions.
Fractured surface of the cable were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Optimization Results of High Strength Steel Production Process
Authors: Feng Yong , Sun Hao
Published: March 2009

The grade 590MPa high strength steel for construction machine and mine machine can be
produced in mass and at lower cost with optimization of chemical composition and production
process. The thickness of steel plates is from 6 mm to 60 mm. The microalloy system can be designed
as Nb-V,Nb-Ti or Nb-Ti-V. Due to application of controlled rolling and controlled cooling (thermal
mechanical control process TMCP) the properties of steel plates are perfect. Test and process
simulation be conducted in lab rolling mill. The results and process were transplanted to middle plate
mill and heavy plate mill, the process parameter can be matched well and appropriately, the
production process is smooth and properties of steel plates are excellent and stable. The new
manufacture technology for production of 590MPa high strength steels is opened up. The output of
590MPa high strength steels has been reached more than 81000 tons every year in Jinan Iron and
Steel Co. Ltd. and it meet the needs of market preferably. The application of this type high strength
steel can create a great of economy and social profits.
Explosion Bulge Test of High Srength Low Alloy Steel PFS-700 in Air and Underwater
Authors: Park Tae Won
Published: March 2009

Explosion Bulge Test in air has been carried out in order to evaluate base metal and
weldment of pre-heating free steel, PFS-700 which was developed for using in submarine, destroyer
and aircraft carrier and specified as Korean military specification, KDS-9515-3001. PFS-700 steel has
good weldability so that it can be welded without pre-heating before welding. 1.4wt.% of Copper is
added to compensate for the decrease of strength due to the decrease of Carbon in PFS-700. Usually,
PFS-700 is aged at the temperature of about 650°C for the combination of strength and toughness.
PFS-700 of the thickness of 25mm aged at 650°C was used for explosion bulge test. Underwater
weapon system demands to conduct this test for the security of weld structures, and test method and
procedure are specified in the military specification, MIL-STD-4139(SH). PFS-700 was explosion
bulge tested as specified in this spec. Mechanical tests such as tensile test, CVN impact test, dynamic
tear test and bend test are conducted from the specimens taken from prolonged EBT specimen and
compared with the properties specified in KDS-9515-3001. EBT results show that PFS-700 welded
with the welding material of spoorlarc-120 has over the thickness reduction of 14% without
propagation of crack to the hole-down area.
The Evaluation of the Fatigue Life in Arc Welded Parts of SAPH45 Steels Using an Acoustic Emission Method
Authors: Kim Jung Kyu , Jang Cheon Soo , Kim Chul Su
Published: March 2009

The fatigue life in arc welded parts of the chassis component of SAPH45 steel in
automobile is affected by various defects and residual stress due to welding. Moreover, it is hard to
measure directly the crack initiation length of the welded part in chassis component due to the
complicated geometric shape. Therefore, to assure the safety of vehicles, it is necessary to evaluate the
crack initiation life by using a non-destructive technique (NDT). In this study, the acoustic emission
measurement was adapted to monitor the crack initiation of the welded part during the fatigue test.
The crack initiation length was verified by a computerized image processing system under
stroboscopic light illumination. Besides, to consider the variation of fatigue data, the crack initiation
life was statistically evaluated.