bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Religionsforståelsen i ny rammeplan for barnehagen
Authors: Hovdelien Olav
Published: August 2018

I april 2017 fastsatte Kunnskapsdepartementet en ny Forskrift om rammeplan for barnehagens innhold og oppgaver. I denne artikkelen undersøkes hvilke føringer som legges til grunn for religions- og livssynsfeltet i den nye rammeplanen, og hvordan disse forholder seg til formålsbestemmelsen i barnehagelovens §1. Det argumenteres for at den nye rammeplanen bekrefter en tolkning av formålsbestemmelsen fra 2010 som innebar et brudd med tidligere formålsbestemmelsers kristne verdiforankring. Det vil si at fokuset flyttes fra kristendommen som statsreligion og hegemonisk religion på storsamfunnsnivå, til det religiøse og livssynsmessige mangfoldet som finnes på samfunnets mesonivå, og barnehagens arbeid med å bidra til å integrere dette mangfoldet under en overbygning som har menneskerettighetene som sin primære basis. Dette impliserer videre en nedtoning av kristendommens rolle som samfunnsintegrerende idétradisjon og formidling av den kristne kulturarven i barnehagen.  Abstract: In April 2017 the Ministry of Education and Research issued a new Framework Plan for the Content and Tasks of Kindergartens. This article examines what guidelines are set in the new framework in the area of religion and beliefs, and how these relate to the purpose clause in section 1 of the Kindergarten Act. The article argues that the new framework plan confirms an interpretation of the purpose clause from 2010 that entails a departure from the Christian values base of previous purpose clauses. This entails a shift of focus from Christianity as a state religion, and one that is dominant in wider society, to the religious diversity that exists at meso level, and to the kindergarten's role in incorporating this into a framework founded primarily on human rights. Moreover, it implies a diminishment of the role of Christianity as a socially unifying philosophical tradition and of the dissemination of Christian cultural heritage in the kindergartens.Nøkkelord:Barnehagens formålsbestemmelse – barnehagedidaktikk – Rammeplan for barnehagens innhold og oppgaver – kristen kulturarv – religiøst mangfoldKey words: Early childhood education and care didactics – objects clause – Framework Plan for the Content and Tasks of Kindergartens – Christian heritage – religious plurality
Ny overordnet del av læreplanen for skolen
Authors: Øierud Gunnfrid Ljones , Nordvik Nina , Jørgensen Camilla Stabel , Hagesæther Gunhild , Midttun Ann , Kvamme Ole Andreas , Skeie Geir
Published: August 2018

1. september 2017 ble det vedtatt ny overordnet del av læreplanen for skolen. Utkastet var på høring våren 2017, og det ble levert mange høringssvar der flere rommet nokså store og omfattende bemerkninger til både form og innhold. Basert på gjennomlesing av en god del høringssvar presenterer vi her noe av det som ble meldt inn i hørings-runden, med korte betraktninger fra forfatterne om hvordan det ble fulgt opp i den vedtatte planen. Tekstene presenterer noe av det som er nytt og omdiskutert, og gir et innblikk i noe av høringsprosessen. Det handler om elevsyn, inkludering, mangfold, læringssyn, samarbeid med hjemmet, det varslede verdiløftet og de nye tverrfaglige emnene. Innleggene er signert ansatte fra Utdanningsforbundet, NTNU, Det teologiske menighetsfakultetet, Universitetene i Oslo og Stavanger, IKO og NLA Høgskolen.Den nye planen kalles ikke lenger Generell del av læreplanen, men Overordnet del – verdier og prinsipper for grunnopplæringen. Stilnivået og oppbyggingen er svært annerledes enn i den foregående planen. Denne starter med gjengivelse av formålsparagrafen, er delt inn i kapitlene «Opplæringens verdigrunnlag», «Prinsipper for læring, utvikling og danning» og «Prinsipper for skolens praksis», og de ulike delkapitlene starter med «skolen skal»-formuleringer. Helt nye tema er tre tverrfaglige emner samt profesjonsfellesskap og skoleutvikling.
Ny rammeplan for barne- hagens innhold og oppgaver
Authors: Eriksen Marte , Solheim Morten , Hognestad Karin , Bøe Marit , Haaland Gunnar , Bae Berit
Published: August 2018

Ny rammeplan for barnehagens innhold og oppgaver trådte i kraft 1.august. Prosessen mot ny rammeplan startet som en revisjon igangsatt av kunnskapsminister Kristin Halvorsen (SV), men ble sluttført som en total nyskriving ledet av kunnskapsminister Torbjørn Røe Isaksen (H). Departementets intensjoner med den nye planen var blant annet at barnehagens plikter og oppgaver skulle formuleres tydeligere. De utarbeidet en mer kortfattet plan ved å redusere mengden prosatekst, og justerte den språklige formen i forskriftsretning. Innføring av målformuleringer i tilknytning til barnehagens helhetlige arbeid med omsorg, lek, læring og danning ble videreført fra Halvorsens arbeid med revisjon. Departementet uttrykte også mål om at planen skulle fungere som styringsdokument. Tekstene som følger viser både tema som ble mye debattert i høringsprosessen, og andre tema som ble viet mindre oppmerksomhet, men som kan være desto viktigere å tematisere i implementeringsfasen. Tekstene handler om ansvar og roller, barnehagelærerens metodefrihet og rommet for skjønnsutøvelse, barnehagens helhetlige tilnærming til det pedagogiske arbeidet, barnehagens verdigrunnlag og rammeplanens funksjon. Forfatterne er tilknyttet ulike institusjoner.
Med rom for flere stemmer? En kritisk analyse av tre nye læreverk for konfirmantundervisning i Den norske kirke
Authors: Krupka Bernd
Published: August 2018

Artikkelen undersøker tre nye læreverk for konfirmasjonsundervisning i Den norske kirke med kriterier hentet fra lærebokanalyse. Fokuset ligger på flerstemmigheten i det fremstilte materialet: Flerstemmighet i innhold presentert i håndbøkene, mangfoldet i representasjonen av konfirmanter og deres egne religiøse praksiser, og stimuleringen av flerstemmighet i samtale og undervisning. Flerstemmighet fremstår ikke som et viktig anliggende i de undersøkte læreverk. Fri meningsutveksling blant konfirmanter er til dels ikke tilsiktet i det hele tatt, til dels begrenset innenfor rammene av en grunnleggende tilslutning til tradisjonell kirkelig lære. Læreverkene lager spirituelle og rituelle praksiser som er spesifikke for konfirmantåret, heller enn å representere konfirmantenes egen religiøse praksis. Læreverkene førsøker å understreke gyldigheten av kristen lære gjennom rituelle og spirituelle praksiser, heller enn å legge opp til en debatt der flere synspunkt blir synlig. Undervisningsforslagene kombinerer i hovedsak fiktive tekster med bibelske referanser og skaper på den måten et narrativt univers som er atskilt fra hverdagslivet, men også fra aktuelle teologiske og etiske problemstillinger. Det diskuteres avslutningsvis kort om dette narrative universet kan ha sin forankring i kristent ungdomsarbeid som pedagogisk provins i en avstand fra voksenverden.Nøkkelord: Konfirmasjon Lærerveiledning Tekstbokanalyse Konfirmantbok Flerstemmighet Kristen praksis UngdomThe article analyzes three recently published teacher's handbooks and workbooks for confirmation classes in the Church of Norway, using methods of textbook analysis. The article focusses on the plurality of voices represented: the plurality of content and methods displayed in the handbook, the representation of students and their own different religious practices, and the stimulation of a plural exchange of meaning in class. A plurality of voices is not a prominent concern in the teachers' handbooks. The handbooks either do not aim at a free exchange of meanings amongst the students at all or limit it within a broad consent to traditional Christian teachings. The handbooks design spiritual and ritual practices typical for confirmation time rather than represent the students' own experiences with religious practice. The handbooks sometimes try to establish the authority of Christian teachings with the help of ritual and spiritual practices, rather than stimulate a debate with a plurality of perspectives. Teaching suggestions tend to combine fictional with biblical references, creating a narrative universe apart from everyday life concerns or contemporary theological and ethical discussions. The article discusses briefly whether this narrativity stems from Christian youth work being part of a pedagogical province apart from adult society. Keywords: Religion confirmation, teacher's guide, textbook analysis, confirmation workbooks, christian practice, youth, religion
CSRR based patch antenna for Wi-Fi and WiMAX Applications
Authors: Nelaturi S. , Sarma N.V.S.N.
Published: August 2018

In this paper, a novel compact microstrip patch antenna is proposed for Wi- Fi and WiMAX bands. To achieve miniaturization the dimensions of the square radiating patch are chosen with reference to the high frequency band (3.3 GHz). The dual band is achieved by loading a Complementary Split Ring Resonator (CSRR) into the radiating patch. The left handed nature of the CSRR is the cause for low frequency band (2.4 GHz). To improve the return loss bandwidth and axial ratio bandwidth at upper band the fractal concept is introduced along the edges of the square patch. Thus a low volume dual band antenna is simulated using HFSS. A comparison with measured data is also presented. The fabricated antenna is found to be occupying 25% less volume (with reference to 2.4 GHz) than existing antennas which is mainly due to the blending of the two recent concepts ‘metamaterials and fractals’.
Goal conflict in chronic pain: day reconstruction method
Authors: Claes Nathalie , Vlaeyen Johan W.S. , Lauwerier Emelien , Meulders Michel , Crombez Geert
Published: August 2018

Background

When suffering from chronic pain, attempts to control or avoid pain often compete with other daily activities. Engaging in one activity excludes engaging in another, equally valued activity, which is referred to as “goal conflict.” As yet, the presence and effects of goal conflicts in patients with chronic pain remain poorly understood.

Methods

This study systematically mapped the presence and experience of goal conflicts in patients with fibromyalgia compared to healthy controls. A total of 40 patients and 37 controls completed a semi-structured interview in which they first reconstructed the previous day, identified conflicts experienced during that day, and classified each of the conflicting goals in one of nine goal categories. Additionally, they assessed how they experienced the previous day and the reported conflicts.

Results

Results showed that patients did not experience more goal conflicts than healthy controls, but that they did differ in the type of conflicts experienced. Compared to controls, patients reported more conflicts related to pain, and fewer conflicts involving work-related, social or pleasure-related goals. Moreover, patients experienced conflicts as more aversive and more difficult to resolve than control participants.

Discussion

This study provides more insight in the dynamics of goal conflict in daily life, and indicates that patients experience conflict as more aversive than controls, and that conflict between pain control (and avoidance) and other valued activities is part of the life of patients.
A Flexible Strategy to Fabricate Gradient Plasmonic Nanostructures
Authors: Ai Bin , Larson Steven , Bradley Layne , Zhao Yiping
Published: August 2018

Gradient plasmonic nanostructures are produced by a straightforward and powerful fabrication strategy—deposition on curved nanomask (DCNM), a physical vapor deposition on a curved mask substrate covered with a monolayer of close‐packed nanospheres. The feasibility of the DCNM strategy is demonstrated by producing well‐ordered Ag gradient single/double nanotriangle (NT) arrays with continuously adjustable color, extinction, localized surface plasmon resonance wavelength, and surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The plasmonic property and the structure gradient are controlled by the size of the mask and the curvature of the curved substrate, as well as the deposition configuration. A plasmonic library of the single/double NT arrays is easily established in a single fabrication. The DCNM strategy can in principle produce a wide range of gradient nanostructures and further be used for flexible components in optical devices, tunable plasmonic SERS sensors, as well as high‐throughput screening of nanostructures.
Bilateral semilunar perihilar opacities in a patient with pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Pessinaba Soulemane , Sonhaye Lantam , Yayehd Komlavi , Amadou Latif , Kpelafia Mohamed , Nafissatou Nsangou , Damorou Findibe
Published: August 2018

Key Clinical Message

Pulmonary arterial aneurysm is a rare entity with a high mortality if left untreated. Pulmonary arterial hypertension is an important cause of PAAs although other infective and auto‐immune causes must be excluded when an aneurysm is identified.
Rail‐tracking calcification of lower limb arteries
Authors: Kadoya Yoshito , Yanishi Kenji , Matoba Satoaki
Published: August 2018

Key Clinical Message

Peripheral artery disease has increased worldwide in recent years. Revascularization of severely calcified vessels is a technically challenging problem. Clinicians should recognize that excessive arterial calcification can occur even in nonelderly patients with less arteriosclerosis risk, leading to severe lower limb ischemia.
Cation‐/Anion‐Based Electrochemical Degradation and Rejuvenation of Electrochromic Nickel Oxide Thin Films
Authors: Qu Hui‐Ying , Primetzhofer Daniel , Qiu Zhen , Österlund Lars , Granqvist Claes G. , Niklasson Gunnar A.
Published: August 2018

Ni oxide thin films are widely used in electrochromic (EC) devices with variable throughput of visible light and solar energy. However, the mechanisms underlying the optical modulation – and its degradation under extended operation and subsequent rejuvenation – are poorly understood especially for Li+‐conducting electrolytes. Here, we report a comprehensive study of the EC properties of sputter‐deposited Ni oxide films immersed in an electrolyte of LiClO4 in propylene carbonate. Cyclic voltammetry and optical transmittance measurements were used to document degradation and subsequent potentiostatic rejuvenation. X‐ray diffraction did not show evidence for accompanying changes in crystallinity, whereas vibrational spectroscopy indicated that degraded films had carbonaceous surface layers. Time‐of‐flight elastic recoil detection analysis demonstrated that both Li+ and Cl‐based ions participate in the electrochromism and its degradation and rejuvenation. A major result was that degradation is associated with a reduced difference in the concentrations of Li+ and Cl‐based ions in the nickel oxide during extended electrochemical cycling, and rejuvenation of degraded films is achieved by removal of Li+ ions and accumulation of Cl‐based anions to regain their initial concentration difference. Our work provides new insights into the use of ion‐exchange‐based devices incorporating nickel oxide.
N‐Doped Mesoporous ZnO with Oxygen Vacancies for Stable Hydrazine Electrocatalysis
Authors: Zhang Jian , Wang Yuyin , Zheng Shasha , Xue Huaiguo , Pang Huan
Published: August 2018

Improving the morphology, doping with elements, producing oxygen vacancies and narrowing the energy bandgap are the main targets of research in electrocatalysis. N‐doped ZnO nanostructures with different architectures and N content were successfully obtained by the controllable and facile calcination of ZIF‐8. Meanwhile, N‐doped mesoporous ZnO nanomaterials (with higher N content: 4.38 wt%) with evident oxygen vacancies in the lattice and a narrower energy bandgap (Eg=3.12 eV) were obtained, as elucidated by the peak shift of the XPS, Raman spectrum, along with the analysis of the Tauc plots. As a promising electrocatalyst, this kind of material has attracted much attention because of its low cost, simple synthetic strategy and decent catalytic activity for the determination of hydrazine hydrate. The contributions made from the mesopores, relatively high N content, oxygen vacancy and narrow energy bandgap boost the electrochemical properties of electrocatalysts. Eventually, the assembly of the (N‐doped mesoporous ZnO‐modified) glassy carbon electrode (GCE) displays excellent stability, repeatability and anti‐interference ability with decent sensitivity ranging from 0.5 μM to 8065.5 μM for hydrazine hydrate.
Naming the colors: Color names designation from the colorimetric values. The French GPEM/PV work revisited
Authors: Sève Robert
Published: August 2018

This publication describes a work related to the French language, for assigning a color name to an object whose colorimetric characteristics have been measured. This is the subject of a recently published book. The work is the result of an old publication by Afnor, the French standardization organization, work unfortunately obsolete by its colorimetric part. This publication describes the work that has been done to update it and make it convenient to use. The present text, by publishing some of the tables and graphs of the French book, presents the work done in French by a method that differs from that used by Kelly and Judd years ago.
Constituents of “teabacco”: A forensic analysis of cigarettes made from diverted nicotine replacement therapy lozenges in smoke‐free prisons
Authors: Mitchell Courtney , Puljević Cheneal , Coomber Ross , White Alan , Cresswell Sarah L. , Bowman Jasper , Kinner Stuart A.
Published: August 2018

Following the implementation of prison smoke‐free policies, there have been reports of prisoners creating substitute cigarettes made from nicotine replacement therapy patches or lozenges infused with tea leaves (“teabacco”). No studies have analyzed the chemical constituents of teabacco made from nicotine lozenges, so as to document any potential related health hazards. Teabacco samples were made by a participant who reported creating teabacco while incarcerated in a smoke‐free prison in Queensland, Australia, and the process was video‐recorded for replication in a laboratory. A simple linear smoking system captured the teabacco smoke for analysis. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP–OES) was used to analyze elemental composition and gas chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometer (GC–MS) analyzed the captured smoke using the National Institute of Standards and Technology mass spectral library. Analyses determined that quantities of copper, aluminum, and lead concentrations, and levels of inhaled total particulate matter, were above recommended guidelines for safe ingestion. Analysis of teabacco smoke using GC–MS identified potentially toxic compounds catechol and nicotine. However, our findings show that smoking this form of teabacco is less harmful than smoking teabacco made from nicotine patches, or smoking traditional tobacco cigarettes. Considering the limited potential health harm of smoking teabacco made from lozenges, and that nicotine lozenges represent the only form of smoking cessation support for individuals entering smoke‐free prisons, we caution against the removal of nicotine lozenges from Queensland's prisons, at least until further research directly establishes health harms associated with this form of teabacco.
Catalytic gasification of wheat straw in hot compressed (subcritical and supercritical) water for hydrogen production
Authors: Nanda Sonil , Reddy Sivamohan N. , Vo Dai‐Viet N. , Sahoo Bichitra N. , Kozinski Janusz A.
Published: August 2018

To supplement the increasing energy demands and cope with the greenhouse gas emissions, biofuels generated from lignocellulosic biomass are gaining widespread attention. In this study, wheat straw was used as a candidate lignocellulosic biomass to produce hydrogen fuel through hydrothermal gasification. The fluid phases of water investigated for gasification included subcritical (300 and 370°C) and supercritical (450 and 550°C) phases. Along with the effects of temperature (300‐550°C), the influences of feed concentration (20‐35 wt%) and reaction time (40‐70 minutes) were comprehensively studied for wheat straw gasification in subcritical and supercritical water. To maximize hydrogen and total gas yields, the effects of two metal catalysts (eg, Ru/Al2O3 and Ni/Si‐Al2O3) were examined. Hydrogen and total gas yields, as well as lower heating values of the gas products, were comparatively evaluated during the subcritical and supercritical water gasification of wheat straw. Supercritical water gasification of wheat straw at 550°C with 20 wt% feed concentration for 60 minutes of reaction time resulted in higher yields of hydrogen (2.98 mmol/g) and total gases (10.6 mmol/g). When compared to noncatalytic gasification, catalytic gasification using 5 wt% loading of Ru/Al2O3 and Ni/Si‐Al2O3 enhanced the hydrogen yields up to 4.18 and 5.1 mmol/g, respectively, along with respective total gas yields of 15 and 18.2 mmol/g. Nonetheless, wheat straw‐derived biochar produced at high supercritical water temperatures also retained high carbon content and calorific value.
CYPOR is a novel and independent prognostic biomarker of recurrence‐free survival in triple‐negative breast cancer patients
Authors: Pedersen Martin H. , Hood Brian L. , Ehmsen Sidse , Beck Hans C. , Conrads Thomas P. , Bak Martin , Ditzel Henrik J. , Leth‐Larsen Rikke
Published: August 2018

Prognostic and predictive biomarkers of disease and treatment outcome are needed to ensure optimal treatment of patients with triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC). In a mass spectrometry‐based global proteomic study of 44 formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) primary TNBC tumors and 10 corresponding metastases, we found that Cytochrome P450 reductase (CYPOR) expression correlated with patient outcome. The correlation between CYPOR expression and outcome was further evaluated in a Danish cohort of 113 TNBC patients using immunohistochemistry and publicly available gene expression data from two cohorts of TNBC and basal‐like breast cancer patients, respectively (N = 249 and N = 580). A significant correlation between high CYPOR gene expression and shorter recurrence‐free survival (RFS), but not overall survival, was found in the cohort of 249 TNBC patients (p = 0.018, HR = 1.77, 95% CI 1.1–2.85), and this correlation was recapitulated in a cohort of 580 basal‐like breast cancer patients (p = 0.018, HR = 1.4, 95% CI 1.06–1.86). High CYPOR protein expression was also associated with shorter RFS in the cohort of 113 TNBC patients (p = 0.017, HR = 2.73, 95% CI 1.20–6.19), particularly those who were lymph node tumor‐negative (p = 0.029, HR = 5.22). Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified CYPOR as an independent prognostic factor for shorter RFS in TNBC patients (p = 0.032, HR = 2.19, 95% CI 1.07–4.47). Together, these data suggest high expression of CYPOR as an independent prognostic biomarker of shorter RFS, which could be used to identify patients who should receive more extensive adjuvant treatment and more aggressive surveillance.
The influences of nitrogen form and zooplankton grazing on phytoplankton assemblages in two coastal southeastern systems
Authors: Sitta Kimberly A. , Reed Michelle , Mortensen Rebecca , Doll Cameron , Callahan Timothy , Greenfield Dianne I.
Published: August 2018

Coastal environments are vulnerable to land development due to human population growth that has increased nitrogen and phosphorus loading into receiving estuaries. As a result, phytoplankton blooms have proliferated as “bottom‐up” (resource) processes outweigh “top‐down” (removals). This study investigated phytoplankton biomass and assemblage regulation by both N‐form (ammonium, nitrate, urea) and zooplankton at two southeastern United States estuaries (the urban Charleston Harbor and less‐developed Ashepoo‐Combahee‐Edisto Basin) with contrasting land cover patterns through in situ nutrient addition bioassays (spring and summer, 2015–2016) and dilution experiments (summer 2016). Phytoplankton responses to N exhibited no clear patterns during spring. By comparison, summer chlorophyll a (Chl a) increases were significant (p < 0.05) in response to all provided N forms, and diatoms contributed most to total biovolume with biovolume increases higher at the more developed site per estuary. Phytoplankton Chl a and biovolume were generally greatest when all nutrients were added in combination, but nitrate added alone frequently elicited the lowest response. Ciliate abundances were high at most sites with lower mesozooplankton abundances. Accordingly, microzooplankton grazing rates were highest for < 5 μm and < 20 μm Chl a fractions, often corresponding with the highest phytoplankton growth rates. Ciliate abundances tracked Chl a during bioassays, highlighting their role as important biomass controls in these estuaries. Results can be used to inform nutrient management decisions, as continued development will increase nutrient loading to developed and developing systems.
Numerical investigation of the design of single‐span steel portal frames using the effective length and direct analysis methods
Authors: Ingkiriwang Yohanes Gabriel , Far Harry
Published: August 2018

The era of globalization enables the design, fabrication and erection of steel structures to take place in different locations far away from each other. Therefore, a widely acceptable steel design standard is required, and designers should be familiar with alternative specifications that may be considerably different from one another. This study deals with single‐span unbraced steel portal frames and makes a comparison between the design methodologies adopted by the Australian and American design provisions, in particular, the effective length method (ELM) and direct analysis method (DAM). A brief discussion on the main features of both standards is also presented. Furthermore, the results of the parametric study are portrayed, highlighting the differences between these two design standards regarding stress interaction. Finally, of the two aforementioned methods, the most applicable optimization method for the design and development of cost‐effective industrial portal frame buildings is proposed with respect to the structure geometry.
Portal steel trusses vs. portal steel frames for long‐span industrial buildings
Authors: Haydar Hussein , Far Harry , Saleh Ali
Published: August 2018

Portal frames and portal truss structures are two of the most cost‐effective and sustainable structural forms for the design and construction of long‐span industrial buildings. Although the use of both structure types as steel‐clad structures is widely accepted, due to frame complexity and variation of frame types for use in single‐storey buildings with spans > 30 m, literature providing a comprehensive investigation of the concepts of portal trusses and portal frames is scarce. This study compares the behaviour of a portal truss configuration with pitched portal frames for use in industrial buildings with spans > 30 m, focusing on weight, costs and construction time. Furthermore, this study entails a numerical investigation that utilizes the SAP2000 computer program to model and structurally optimize the member properties for both portal frame and portal truss configurations. Based on the results obtained from the investigation, it has become apparent that, due to the smaller sections used, the portal truss configurations are lighter and cheaper to fabricate and construct in comparison to the pitched portal frames, which, however, require a shorter construction time.
Morpheus Hotel, Macau – a paradigm shift in computational engineering
Authors: Piermarini Emidio , Nuttall Hayden , May Rob , Janssens Victoria M. , Manglesdorf Wolf , Kelly Tim
Published: August 2018

This article describes how cutting‐edge, parameter‐based computational engineering techniques have been used to undertake the conception, analysis and documentation of the 2500 complex steelwork connections in the exoskeleton of the new Morpheus Hotel in Macau. It discusses the tools, methodologies and strategies devised by the engineering team to automate the time‐consuming model creation and data‐handling operations associated with the finite element analysis, enabling them to complete this challenging part of the project in just 12 months.
Language purism and social hierarchies: Making a Romani standard in Prizren
Authors: Abercrombie Amelia
Published: August 2018

This article takes an ethnographic approach to language standardisation. My research focuses on Romani language use in Prizren, Kosovo, which has a tradition of multilingualism. Moving away from approaches to standardisation that focus only on linguistic processes, I look more broadly at the social processes behind language standardisation. I explore discussions, debates, and attitudes towards me as a language learner to show how a Romani standard is being produced and legitimised in Prizren. Applying theories of purism and standardisation, I examine how certain speech practices are made inferior and how social hierarchies legitimise this. I relate this more broadly to the politics of Romani language and to theories of sociolinguistics and anthropological linguistics. (Romani, Kosovo, standardisation, purism, language ideology)*
Staphylococcus lugdunensis sepsis and endocarditis in a newborn following lotus birth
Authors: Ittleman Benjamin R. , Szabo Joanne S.
Published: August 2018

A term newborn, who underwent lotus birth, developed Staphylococcus lugdunensis sepsis and endocarditis on the 1st day of life. This case reports an uncommon pathogen known to cause destructive endocarditis in the adult and paediatric populations, causing endocarditis in a neonate. We speculate that lotus birth, an atypical birthing practice, may have contributed to the development of this infection.
Evaluation of air cavities on dose distributions with air-filled apparatuses having different volumes using Gafchromic EBT3 films in brachytherapy
Authors: Çelik Mehmet Bahadır , Olacak Nezahat , Barlaz Us Songül , Tavlayan Emin
Published: August 2018

Aim

The data used in brachytherapy planning are obtained from homogeneous mediums. In practice, the heterogeneous tissues and materials affect the dose distribution of brachytherapy. It is aimed to investigate the effect of air cavities on brachytherapy dose distribution using a specially designed device.

Material and methods

In this study, the special device designed with different volumes of air and water to be irradiated and measured at different depths using EBT3 Gafchromic films. EBT3 Gafchromic films were preferred for this study because they can be cut to the shape of the experimental geometry, are water resistance and double directional usability.

Results

In our study, sudden dose increases and decreases were observed at the water–air–water interfaces. Increases were 9, 11·8 and 15% in the 13, 18 and 22 mm apparatus, respectively. These effects were expected and the results were consistent with the literature and within the tolerance limits stated in the clinical dose guidelines. The most important result is that the percent depth–dose curve of the radiation passing through the air to the water and only passing through the water medium is different. The average differences were 1·97, 2·97 and 2·31% for the 13, 18 and 22 mm apparatus, respectively.

Conclusion

Although the effect of heterogeneity may be neglected according to clinical guidelines, it is suggested that the dose effect of heterogeneity is taken into account so that the dose can be estimated sensitively. Brachytherapy plans using dose data without considering air gaps may cause erroneous dose distributions due to heterogeneity of tissue.
Rihm, Tonality, Psychosis, Modernity
Authors: BRODSKY SETH
Published: August 2018

Wolfgang Rihm's is one of the more radical – which is to say ‘deep’ and ‘rooted’ – relationships towards tonality among all post-war composers. In this article, I concentrate on the role psychosis plays in this relationship, arguing that tonality for Rihm often assumes the operations of what Jacques Lacan called a symbolic order: a network of laws and codes which sustain the world of subjects and others. In Lacanian terms, it is the subject's unsuccessful installation in the symbolic which triggers psychosis – a state organized by mimetic rivalries, the body's invasion byjouissance, and the de-hierarchization and loss of control of the drives. Tonality, for Rihm, is apoorly installed symbolic order, from which music ‘breaks’ psychotically. But it would be a mistake to pathologize Rihm's music. Rather, Rihm's is one of the more cunning, problematic, ‘neurotic’ solutions to one of modernism's oldest challenges: how to function creatively in the absence of (a) language. Both the challenge and the solution are themselves as old as aesthetic modernism; they can be understood as the two sides of modernism's ‘fundamental fantasy’, in which madness becomes a practicable sanity, and psychosis a saving symbolic order.
Robust and Nonrobust Impacts of Atmospheric Cloud‐Radiative Interactions on the Tropical Circulation and Its Response to Surface Warming
Authors: Albern Nicole , Voigt Aiko , Buehler Stefan A. , Grützun Verena
Published: August 2018

The impact of cloud‐radiative interactions on the tropical circulation and its response to surface warming are studied in aquaplanet model simulations with prescribed sea‐surface temperatures from eight global atmosphere models. Simulations with enabled and disabled cloud‐radiative interactions are compared. In a present‐day‐like climate, the presence of cloud‐radiative interactions strengthens the Hadley cell, narrows and strengthens tropical ascent, and widens subtropical descent. These cloud impacts are robust across models and are shown to be related to the energetics and mass constraints of the tropical atmosphere. Cloud‐radiative interactions have no robust impact on the circulation response to surface warming but amplify model differences in the response of the ascent and the Hadley cell strength. The lack of robust cloud impacts is consistent with the fact that surface warming‐induced changes in atmospheric cloud‐radiative effects are small compared to the cloud‐radiative effects in the present‐day‐like climate.
Optical control of polarization in ferroelectric heterostructures
Authors: Li Tao , Lipatov Alexey , Lu Haidong , Lee Hyungwoo , Lee Jung-Woo , Torun Engin , Wirtz Ludger , Eom Chang-Beom , Íñiguez Jorge , Sinitskii Alexander , Gruverman Alexei
Published: August 2018

In the ferroelectric devices, polarization control is usually accomplished by application of an electric field. In this paper, we demonstrate optically induced polarization switching in BaTiO3-based ferroelectric heterostructures utilizing a two-dimensional narrow-gap semiconductor MoS2 as a top electrode. This effect is attributed to the redistribution of the photo-generated carriers and screening charges at the MoS2/BaTiO3 interface. Specifically, a two-step process, which involves formation of intra-layer excitons during light absorption followed by their decay into inter-layer excitons, results in the positive charge accumulation at the interface forcing the polarization reversal from the upward to the downward direction. Theoretical modeling of the MoS2 optical absorption spectra with and without the applied electric field provides quantitative support for the proposed mechanism. It is suggested that the discovered effect is of general nature and should be observable in any heterostructure comprising a ferroelectric and a narrow gap semiconductor.
Three-dimensional atomic-scale observation of structural evolution of cathode material in a working all-solid-state battery
Authors: Gong Yue , Chen Yuyang , Zhang Qinghua , Meng Fanqi , Shi Jin-An , Liu Xinyu , Liu Xiaozhi , Zhang Jienan , Wang Hao , Wang Jiangyong , Yu Qian , Zhang Ze , Xu Qiang , Xiao Ruijuan , Hu Yong-Sheng , Gu Lin , Li Hong , Huang Xuejie , Chen Liquan
Published: August 2018

Most technologically important electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries are essentially lithium ions plus a transition-metal oxide framework. However, their atomic and electronic structure evolution during electrochemical cycling remains poorly understood. Here we report the in situ observation of the three-dimensional structural evolution of the transition-metal oxide framework in an all-solid-state battery. The in situ studies LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 from various zone axes reveal the evolution of both atomic and electronic structures during delithiation, which is found due to the migration of oxygen and transition-metal ions. Ordered to disordered structural transition proceeds along the <100>, <110>, <111> directions and inhomogeneous structural evolution along the <112> direction. Uneven extraction of lithium ions leads to localized migration of transition-metal ions and formation of antiphase boundaries. Dislocations facilitate transition-metal ions migration as well. Theoretical calculations suggest that doping of lower valence-state cations effectively stabilize the structure during delithiation and inhibit the formation of boundaries.
Altered dopamine release and monoamine transporters in Vps35 p.D620N knock-in mice
Authors: Cataldi Stefano , Follett Jordan , Fox Jesse D. , Tatarnikov Igor , Kadgien Chelsie , Gustavsson Emil K. , Khinda Jaskaran , Milnerwood Austen J. , Farrer Matthew J.
Published: August 2018

Vacuolar protein sorting 35 (VPS35) is a core component of the retromer trimer required for endosomal membrane-associated protein trafficking. The discovery of a missense mutation, Vps35 p.D620N implicates retromer dysfunction in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). We have characterized a knock-in mouse with a Vps35 p.D620N substitution (hereafter referred to as VKI) at 3 months of age. Standardized behavioral testing did not observe overt movement disorder. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive nigral neuron counts and terminal expression in striata were comparable across genotypes. Fast scan cyclic voltammetry revealed increased dopamine release in VKI striatal slices. While extracellular dopamine collected via striatal microdialysis of freely moving animals was comparable across genotypes, the ratio of dopamine metabolites to dopamine suggests increased dopamine turnover in VKI homozygous mice. Western blot of striatal proteins revealed a genotype-dependent decrease in dopamine transporter (DAT) along with an increase in vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2), albeit independent of changes in other synaptic markers. The reduction in DAT was further supported by immunohistochemical analysis. The data show that the dopaminergic system of VKI mice is profoundly altered relative to wild-type littermates. We conclude early synaptic dysfunction contributes to age-related pathophysiology in the nigrostriatal system that may lead to parkinsonism in man.
Genetic vulnerability to DUSP22 promoter hypermethylation is involved in the relation between in utero famine exposure and schizophrenia
Authors: Boks M. P. , Houtepen L. C. , Xu Z. , He Y. , Ursini G. , Maihofer A. X. , Rajarajan P. , Yu Q. , Xu H. , Wu Y. , Wang S. , Shi J. P. , Hulshoff Pol H. E. , Strengman E. , Rutten B. P. F. , Jaffe A. E. , Kleinman J. E. , Baker D. G. , Hol E. M. , Akbarian S. , Nievergelt C. M. , De Witte L. D. , Vinkers C. H. , Weinberger D. R. , Yu J. , Kahn R. S.
Published: August 2018

Epigenetic changes may account for the doubled risk to develop schizophrenia in individuals exposed to famine in utero. We therefore investigated DNA methylation in a unique sample of patients and healthy individuals conceived during the great famine in China. Subsequently, we examined two case-control samples without famine exposure in whole blood and brain tissue. To shed light on the causality of the relation between famine exposure and DNA methylation, we exposed human fibroblasts to nutritional deprivation. In the famine-exposed schizophrenia patients, we found significant hypermethylation of the dual specificity phosphatase 22 (DUSP22) gene promoter (Chr6:291687-293285) (N = 153, p = 0.01). In this sample, DUSP22 methylation was also significantly higher in patients independent of famine exposure (p = 0.025), suggesting that hypermethylation of DUSP22 is also more generally involved in schizophrenia risk. Similarly, DUSP22 methylation was also higher in two separate case-control samples not exposed to famine using DNA from whole blood (N = 64, p = 0.03) and postmortem brains (N = 214, p = 0.007). DUSP22 methylation showed strong genetic regulation across chromosomes by a region on chromosome 16 which was consistent with new 3D genome interaction data. The presence of a direct link between famine and DUSP22 transcription was supported by data from cultured human fibroblasts that showed increased methylation (p = 0.048) and expression (p = 0.019) in response to nutritional deprivation (N = 10). These results highlight an epigenetic locus that is genetically regulated across chromosomes and that is involved in the response to early-life exposure to famine and that is relevant for a major psychiatric disorder.
A singular nitric oxide synthase with a globin domain found in Synechococcus PCC 7335 mobilizes N from arginine to nitrate
Authors: Correa-Aragunde Natalia , Foresi Noelia , Del Castello Fiorella , Lamattina Lorenzo
Published: August 2018

The enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS) oxidizes L-arginine to NO and citrulline. In this work, we characterise the NOS from the cyanobacteria Synechococcus PCC 7335 (SyNOS). SyNOS possesses a canonical mammalian NOS architecture consisting of oxygenase and reductase domains. In addition, SyNOS possesses an unusual globin domain at the N-terminus. Recombinant SyNOS expressed in bacteria is active, and its activity is suppressed by the NOS inhibitor L-NAME. SyNOS allows E. coli to grow in minimum media containing L-arginine as the sole N source, and has a higher growth rate during N deficiency. SyNOS is expressed in Synechococcus PCC 7335 where NO generation is dependent on L-arginine concentration. The growth of Synechococcus is dramatically inhibited by L-NAME, suggesting that SyNOS is essential for this cyanobacterium. Addition of arginine in Synechococcus increases the phycoerythrin content, an N reservoir. The role of the novel globin domain in SyNOS is discussed as an evolutionary advantage, conferring new functional capabilities for N metabolism.
Protein-responsive rolling circle amplification as a tandem template to drive amplified transduction of fluorescence signal probes for highly sensitive immunoassay
Authors: Yang Wenting , Shen Yu , Zhang Danyang , Xu Wenju
Published: August 2018

A protein-responsive fluorescence immunosensor is reported based on proximity ligation-initiated rolling circle amplification as tandem template to drive output switch of signal probes.
Insights into the dissociative ionization of glycine by PEPICO experiments
Authors: Chiarinelli Jacopo , Bolognesi Paola , Domaracka Alicja , Rousseau Patrick , Castrovilli Mattea Carmen , Richter Robert , Chatterjee Subhojyoti , Wang Feng , Avaldi Lorenzo
Published: August 2018

The fragmentation of glycine (NH2CH2COOH) has been studied by photoelectron–photoion coincidence, PEPICO, experiments at 60 eV photon energy.
An accurate full-dimensional potential energy surface and quasiclassical trajectory dynamics of the H + H2O2two-channel reaction
Authors: Lu Xiaoxiao , Shao Kejie , Fu Bina , Wang Xingan , Zhang Dong H.
Published: August 2018

Quasiclassical trajectory calculations reveal interesting dynamics features based on an accurate FI-NN PES for the H + H2O2two-channel reaction.
Carbon dioxide electrolysis and carbon deposition in alkaline-earth-carbonate-included molten salts electrolyzer
Authors: Li Zhida , Yu Yanyan , Li Wei , Wang Guanzhong , Peng Li , Li Jinlian , Gu Di , Yuan Dandan , Wu Hongjun
Published: August 2018

Alkaline-earth-carbonate-included molten salts sustain continuous CO2 capture and electrochemical conversion.
Ternary organic solar cells with a phase-modulated surface distribution via the addition of a small molecular luminescent dye to obtain a high efficiency over 10.5%
Authors: Du Xiaoyang , Lin Hui , Chen Xinwei , Tao Silu , Zheng Caijun , Zhang Xiaohong
Published: August 2018

A novel small molecule C545T can modulate vertical distribution in ternary systems to achieve high performance OSCs.
Self-assembled vertically aligned Ni nanopillars in CeO2 with anisotropic magnetic and transport properties for energy applications
Authors: Huang Jijie , Qi Zhimin , Li Leigang , Wang Han , Xue Sichuang , Zhang Bruce , Zhang Xinghang , Wang Haiyan
Published: August 2018

Self-assembled vertically aligned metal–oxide (Ni–CeO2) nanocomposite thin films with novel multifunctionalities have been successfully deposited by a one-step growth method.
Phosphine-mediated enantioselective [4 + 1] annulations between ortho-quinone methides and Morita–Baylis–Hillman carbonates
Authors: Cheng Yuyu , Fang Zhiqiang , Li Wenjun , Li Pengfei
Published: August 2018

First example of phosphine catalyzed enantioselective [4 + 1] annulations of o-QMs and MBH carbonates for chiral 2,3-dihydrobenzofurans.
Selective C–H halogenation over hydroxylation by non-heme iron(iv)-oxo
Authors: Rana Sujoy , Biswas Jyoti Prasad , Sen Asmita , Clémancey Martin , Blondin Geneviève , Latour Jean-Marc , Rajaraman Gopalan , Maiti Debabrata
Published: August 2018

Synthetic non-heme iron-oxo and iron-halide complexes promote selective halogenation of the sp3-C–H bonds via hydrogen atom abstraction and halide rebound phenomenon.
Environment from a different perspective: Analysing the environmental problem awareness of undergraduates
Authors: Dinçol Özgür Sinem , Varoǧlu Lütfiye , Yılmaz Ayhan
Published: August 2018

The study aims to analyse the awareness levels of university students towards the environmental problems in terms of the variables of faculty and gender. The study was conducted with 149 undergraduate students from the faculty of engineering, health sciences and educational sciences in North Cyprus. The research conducted with survey study and identified the awareness levels of students towards environmental problems through “Environmental Problems Awareness Scale”, developed by Güven and Aydoǧdu [1] in consideration with the cognitive steps according to the Bloom Taxonomy. In addition to descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and MANOVA analyses were used for the analysis of data. The study concluded that the total students’ scores for awareness of environmental problems show statistically significant difference based on gender, and no significant difference based on faculties. Additionally, the factor scores of the scale have statistically significant difference based on faculties, and no significant difference based on gender.
Determining the learning preferences of the students of the faculty of health sciences in Cyprus International University
Authors: Cetin S.Yaprak , Erel Suat
Published: August 2018

The purpose of the study is to examine the learning preferences of students at the Cyprus International University of Health Sciences and determine whether these preferences have changed according to department and sex. A total of 150 students participated in the study. While 61 of the students were female and 89 were male, the mean age was 22.06 ± 1.23 years. VARK [Visual, Aural, Read-write, Kinesthetic] Learning Preferences Inventory was used to determine students’ learning preferences. As a result of the study participants mostly found "Kinesthetic" style (4.84 ± 2.13). However, there were no significant differences in terms of department and gender factors in any dimension (p> 0.05). Based on the results of this study, we think that determining the learning style that students are likely to lead to the selection of suitable techniques for the trainees.