bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Botulinum toxin in the treatment of sialorrhea in severe neurological patients with tracheotomy
Authors: Shao Mengmeng , Chen Keyang , Wu Xiaoyun , Lin Jingjing , Jiang Mingxia , Zhuo Feinan , Ying Zhaojian , Huang Yuanyuan
Published: July 2023

Objective

To observe the clinical effect of botulinum toxin type A (BTA) injection into the salivary glands of the severe neurological patients with tracheotomy

Methods

Seven patients with severe neurological disorders after tracheotomy and obvious drooling symptoms were enrolled. BTA was injected into bilateral parotid glands and submandibular glands under the guidance of ultrasound. Unstimulated salivary flow rate (uSFR) and Drooling Severity and Frequency Scale (DSFS) were used to evaluate drooling before injection, 1 week, and 4 weeks after injection. We compared the extubation time, time of changing from balloon cannula to metal cannula, hospitalization time and incidence of recurrent pulmonary infection between these patients and other patients accepted conventional curation.

Results

(1) The drooling severity scale (DSFS‐S), the drooling frequency scale (DSFS‐F), the drooling frequency and severity scale total score (DSFS‐T) were significantly lower at 4 weeks after BTA injection compared to prior‐treatment (p < .001). (2) uSFR of 1 week and 4 weeks were both statistically decreased than the untreated condition (p < .001). (3) Compared with the conventional group, the time of changing from balloon cannula to metal cannula was shortened obviously (p < .05) and incidence of recurrent pulmonary infection was clearly decreased (p < .05) after BTA treatment

Conclusion

Ultrasound‐guided BTA injection into salivary glands can effectively reduce saliva secretion. We also found that the time of changing cannula was shortened obviously and the incidence of recurrent pneumonia infection was reduced. BTA injection of salivary glands to cure drooling could advance to the clinical therapy in severe neurological patients after tracheotomy.
Improved enrichment of circulating tumor cells from diagnostic leukapheresis product
Authors: Stevens Michiel , Mentink Anouk , Nanou Afroditi , Coumans Frank A. W. , Isebia Khrystany T. , Kraan Jaco , Hamberg Paul , Martens John W. M. , Terstappen Leon W. M. M.
Published: July 2023

The median number of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) detected in 7.5 mL of peripheral blood by CellSearch (PB‐CS) in patients with metastatic prostate cancer is in the order of 1–10, which means many samples have insufficient tumor cells for comprehensive characterization. A significant increase is obtained through diagnostic leukapheresis (DLA), however, only 2%–3% of the DLA product can be processed per CellSearch test, limiting the gain. We processed aliquots from 30 DLA products of metastatic prostate cancer patients consisting of 0.2 × 109 leukocytes using CellSearch (DLA‐CS) as well as the newly introduced reduced enrichment reagent protocol (RER), which uses 10‐fold less enrichment reagents than DLA‐CS. The number of tumor cells and the total number of captured cells were determined using the CellTracks Analyzer. Additionally, for six DLA samples, a 1.0 × 109 leukocyte aliquot was processed (RER+), using twofold less enrichment reagents than DLA‐CS. A median 2.7‐fold reduction in leukocyte co‐enrichment was found between DLA‐CS and RER methods without any loss in tumor cell recovery (Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test, p = 0.953). Using 1.0 × 109 leukocyte aliquots a fourfold increase in tumor cells was found compared to DLA‐CS and a 19‐fold increase compared to PB‐CS was obtained. The here‐introduced RER protocol results in a higher final sample purity without any loss in tumor cell recovery while using 10‐fold less CellSearch capture reagent. With this improved method, 26% of the leukapheresis sample can now be processed using reagents from a single CellSearch test, enabling the obtainment of a sufficient number of CTCs for comprehensive characterization in most metastatic prostate cancer patients.
Examination of Altshuller's Trends of Technical System Evolution in Automotive Passenger Vehicles
Authors: Nunez Hector Arzaga , Hussein Hassan , Niebauer Jacob , Demott Lucas , Ugare Shweta , Weaver Jonathan M.
Published: July 2023

Although Genrich Altshuller is perhaps better known for developing the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ), his work also includes eight trends of technical system evolution that he believed could be used to predict the future of products or systems. Those working in any high‐tech industry have always sought techniques to better forecast the evolution of their product in order to pursue the most promising of multiple possible evolutionary paths and make the most fruitful investments of time and money in new technologies. The authors are interested in including Altshuller's trends in their toolbox for predicting the future of the automobile but felt it would first be prudent to look back on the auto industry's approximately 160‐year history to see if Altshuller's trends appear consistent with that history. The assumption is that if the past history of the evolution of the automobile is consistent with those trends, then increased confidence can be had in any future predictions made by applying those same trends to the current state of the automobile to predict the future. When the history of the automobile was examined in roughly decade‐level time intervals, it was observed that in each time interval considered, typically six or more of Altshuller's eight trends were apparent. Interestingly, the authors found that there were a number of unsuccessful products throughout history that were largely consistent with the trends. This suggested that satisfaction of the trends of system evolution may be a necessary condition for system evolution but is not a sufficient condition for success. This work proposes that consideration of context and satisfaction of some typical system architecting heuristics can largely differentiate past success vs. failure amongst various systems that satisfy the eight trends, and hence recommend a hybrid approach consisting of Altshuller's trends of system evolution with specific attention to system context along with the application of system architecting heuristics as a potentially useful and valuable way to predict the future evolution of the automobile.
Systems Engineering Competency Expectations, Gaps, and Program Analysis
Authors: Wade Jon , Gerardo Hortense , Sorenson Harold
Published: July 2023

Systems Engineering (SE) education is challenged to address the needs posed by rapidly changing technology epitomized by Industry 4.0 and the digital transformation. In particular, there are relatively slow and inaccurate feedback mechanisms between the needs of employers, students and universities at the level of educational program content development. The objective of this work is to use the SE competency framework developed by the Systems Engineering Education Ecosystem (SEEE) project to review the competency needs of the University of California, San Diego's (UCSD) systems engineering sponsoring organizations, analyze the curricula of the current Architecture‐Based Systems Engineering (AESE) master's program for its evolution, and guide the development of future SE program specializations. This paper presents the results of a methodology to improve the feedback between systems engineering employers and universities in academic program curricula development through survey and academic program analysis.
The application of magnesium nitrate hexahydrate/hybrid carbon material phase change composites in solar thermal storage
Authors: Shih Yeng‐Fong , Liao Zi‐Ting , Tsai Nien‐Chen , Chen Ying‐Hsiao
Published: July 2023

Background

In this study, a series of phase change composites were developed. Phase change materials (PCMs) are substances with a high heat of fusion, thereby possessing great potential for solar thermal storage. However, their disadvantages, such as low thermal conductivity, phase separation, and supercooling, limit their further applications.

Objective

In this study, magnesium nitrate hexahydrate (MNH) was used as the phase change material, and different proportions of photothermal materials were added to improve the thermally conductive property and solar thermal storage efficiency of MNH.

Methods

This study used magnesium nitrate hexahydrate (MNH) as the substrate. In addition, different proportions of photothermal materials (carbon nanotubes, nano‐graphite, graphene, and partially reduced graphene oxide) were added to promote the efficiency of thermal energy storage. Additionally, a fixed ratio of carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) was added. The phase change temperature and enthalpy change of the phase change material samples were explored and analyzed by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). In addition, the thermophysical properties, photothermal storage performance, and thermal reliability analysis of the samples were investigated.

Results

The results showed that the PCM composites prepared with nano‐graphite have higher latent heat and longer time of phase change. However, the composites prepared with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have lower latent heat and a shorter time of phase change. Therefore, the partially reduced graphite oxide (PRGO)‐containing composites can retain the latent heat storage capacity of nano‐graphite and decrease the time of phase change, thereby improving the photothermal storage efficiency. The results reveal that the solar thermal storage efficiency of the composite with both CNTs and PRGO could reach up to 0.716.

Conclusions

MCGOT‐1 and MCGOT‐2 have high latent heat values, and the phase transition time is short. Therefore, the thermal energy storage efficiency can be as high as 0.716. In addition, compared with related literature, the photothermal storage efficiency of MCGOT‐2 increased by about 2 times. Therefore, the environmentally friendly composites developed in this study have a high potential to be used in solar energy storage and energy‐saving systems.
Outcomes Following Treatment for Carotid Blowout in Head and Neck Cancer Patients
Authors: Buncke Michelle , Bhatnagar Kavita , Yang Sara , Tan Kenneth , Slijepcevic Allison A. , Young Gavin , Andersen Peter , Wax Mark K.
Published: July 2023

Objective

The aim of the study was to determine outcomes after interventional radiology treatment of carotid blowout.

Methods

Patients with head and neck cancer and who received interventional radiology treatment for carotid blowout between 2000 and 2022 were included. Pre‐treatment, treatment, and post‐treatment variables were evaluated.

Results

Fourteen patients met inclusion criteria. Eleven patients (78.6%) had a history of radiation. Twelve (85.7%) blowouts occurred within 6 months of recent intervention. Initial treatment was with stenting (n = 9, 64.3%), coil embolization (n = 4, 28.6%), or both (n = 1, 7.1%). Six patients (42.9%) underwent subsequent carotid bypass. Morbidity following treatment included stroke (n = 1) and rebleeding (n = 4). Six‐month survival was 57.1%. Of the patients who survived past six months, 5/8 were treated with carotid bypass and coverage. Four patients died of cancer progression, three of rebleeding, and three of medical complications.

Conclusion

The majority of carotid blowout occurs within 6 months of surgery or radiation. Many who survive will die of cancer progression or medical illness. Carotid bypass with flap coverage may be a worthwhile treatment for carotid blowout and should be considered as an adjunct to endovascular treatment.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 134:695–700, 2024
Identification of two novel COL3A1 variants in patients with vascular Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome
Authors: Heo Won Young , Jang Shin Yi , Park Taek Kyu , Ki Chang‐Seok , Kim Jong‐Won , Kim Duk‐Kyung , Jang Ja‐Hyun
Published: July 2023

Background

Vascular Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome (vEDS) is an autosomal dominant disease caused by aberrations in COL3A1, which encodes type III collagen. Sanger sequencing has limitations for diagnosis since exon deletion/duplication and splicing alterations are not uncommon in COL3A1. We report 2 patients with vEDS who were not diagnosed by conventional Sanger sequencing.

Methods

We performed either targeted panel or whole‐genome sequencing. Complementary DNA (cDNA) sequencing was performed using cultured skin fibroblasts. Sanger sequencing of DNA was performed for the confirmation of breakpoints in the case of exon deletion. We also evaluated the sensitivity of the splicing prediction tool, SpliceAI.

Results

An exon 27 deletion was suspected on targeted panel sequencing of 1 patient. The deletion was confirmed using cDNA sequencing (r.1870_1923del) and breakpoints were confirmed (c.1870‐109_1923+10del). On targeted panel sequencing in the other patient, we found a novel intronic variant of c.1149+6T>C that leads to skipping of exon 16 (r.1051_1149del) by cDNA sequencing. SpliceAI showed 98.8% sensitivity for known splicing variants in COL3A1.

Conclusion

Our study highlights the necessity of a comprehensive approach to the genetic diagnosis of vEDS. In addition, cDNA sequencing was useful as an auxiliary method, especially considering the limited sensitivity of the splicing prediction tool.
Factors affecting unmet medical needs of patients with diabetes: A population‐based study
Authors: Kim Ji Young , Yang Youngran
Published: July 2023

Aims

The purpose of this study was to identify unmet medical needs and related factors in patients with diabetes.

Design

A cross‐sectional study.

Methods

Participants included 2269 diabetes patients aged >19 years by using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. A complex sample design multiple logistic regression analysis was performed.

Results

The study found that 8.7% of diabetes patients experienced unmet medical needs, and it was found to be higher for those who thought their self‐assessed health status was unhealthy and often felt stressed in their daily life. Gender and education level had a moderating effect on income level on unmet medical needs experience.

Conclusion

These findings have important implications for nursing practice in the management of diabetes. Nurses can develop targeted interventions that address the specific needs of patients who are at risk for unmet medical needs, particularly those from low‐income backgrounds. By considering the factors that contribute to unmet medical needs and the moderating effect of income level, nurses can improve patient outcomes and reduce the burden of diabetes.
Nutritional Supplementation and Enhanced Antioxidant Function by Dietary Intake of Selenoneine and Other Selenium Compounds in Red Seabream Pagrus major
Authors: Shimokawa Yutaro , Abe Kanako , Ohura Mami , Yamamoto Manae , Ando Hitoshi , Tohfuku Takuma , Yamashita Michiaki , Kondo Masakazu
Published: July 2023

Selenoneine, 2-selenyl-Nα, Nα, Nα-trimethyl-L-histidine, is the major organic selenium compound in marine fish. To characterize biological antioxidant function of selenoneine in fish, the accumulation of selenoneine and other selenium compounds, i. e., sodium selenite and selenomethionine, in the muscle and other tissues of red seabream. We reared red seabream by feeding of 1% dry pellet containing of sodium selenite, selenomethionine, or selenoneine of body weight twice a day for 4 weeks. After that, we replaced to 1% of normal commercial dry pellet of body weight twice a day for 1 week from the selenium supplementation, and tissue distribution of total selenium was determined. Selenium supplementation with selenoneine, selenomethionine, and sodium selenite enhanced selenium accumulation in the white muscle, kidney, and hepatopancreas in comparison with the control group. By the dietary intake of selenoneine, total selenium concentrations were increased in the white muscle, heart, kidney, spleen, hepatopancreas, brain, and blood cells in a dose-dependent manner during the trials after 2 weeks. Dietary intake of selenoneine as well as sodium selenite and selenomethionine reduced oxidation–reduction potential (ORP). Selenoneine concentrations in the white muscle and blood cells were accumulated for 4 weeks by the selenoneine intake, whereas selenoneine concentration was not elevated by the intake of selenomethionine and sodium selenite, suggesting that tissue selenoneine levels might be derived from only selenoneine-containing diet. The uptake factor of selenoneine from the artificial feed containing selenoneine was calculated to be 0.0062 in the white muscle and 4.0 in the blood. The half-life of total selenium in the blood cells and white muscle were estimated to be 60 days in the white muscle and 30 days in the blood.
Glacier retreat, dynamics and bed overdeepenings of Parkachik Glacier, Ladakh Himalaya, India
Authors: Rana Ajay Singh , Kunmar Pankaj , Mehta Manish , Kumar Vinit
Published: July 2023

This study describes the morphological and dynamic changes of Parkachik Glacier, Suru River valley, Ladakh Himalaya, India. We used medium-resolution satellite images; CORONA KH-4, Landsat and Sentinel-2A from 1971–2021, and field surveys between 2015 and 2021. In addition, we used the laminar flow-based Himalayan Glacier Thickness Mapper and provide results for recent margin fluctuations, surface ice velocity, ice thickness, and identified glacier-bed overdeepenings. The results revealed that overall the glacier retreated by −210.5 ± 80 m with an average rate of 4 ± 1 m a−1 between 1971 and 2021. Whereas a field study suggested that the glacier retreat increased to −123 ± 72 m at an average rate of −20 ± 12 m a−1 between 2015 and 2021. Surface ice velocity was estimated using COSI-Corr on the Landsat data. Surface ice velocity in the lower ablation zone was 45 ± 2 m a−1 in 1999–2000 and 32 ± 1 m a−1 in 2020–2021, thus reduced by 28%. Further, the maximum thickness of the glacier is estimated to be ~441 m in the accumulation zone, while for glacier tongue it is ~44 m. The simulation results suggest that if the glacier continues to retreat at a similar rate, three lakes of different dimensions may form in subglacial overdeepenings.
Advancing theorizing about fast-and-slow thinking: The interplay between fast and slow processing
Authors: Fabio Rosa Angela , Caprì Tindara
Published: July 2023

We agree with the author's working model, but we suggest that (a) the classical distinction between fast and slow processes as separable processes can be softened, and (b) human performance might result from an interplay between fast and slow processing and these processes may be mediated by systems that evolve to satisfy the need for operation in a complex environment.
On Program Completion, with an Application to the Sum and Product Puzzle
Authors: LIFSCHITZ VLADIMIR
Published: July 2023

This paper describes a generalization of Clark’s completion that is applicable to logic programs containing arithmetic operations and produces syntactically simple, natural looking formulas. If a set of first-order axioms is equivalent to the completion of a program, then we may be able to find standard models of these axioms by running an answer set solver. As an example, we apply this “reverse completion” procedure to the Sum and Product Puzzle.
Pupillary Responses to Pseudowords With Different Morphological and Imageability Features
Authors: Lázaro Miguel , García-Gutiérrez Ana , García Lorena , Hinojosa José Antonio
Published: July 2023

Abstract: In this study, we explored the role of morphology and imageability in pseudoword processing while recording pupillary responses in a lexical decision task that included polymorphemic (“footbalist”), suffixed (“smopify”), and simple pseudowords (“gresmor”), which also varied in imageability. The behavioral results of the mixed-model analyses showed longer latencies and higher error rates for highly imageable polymorphemic pseudowords relative to suffixed pseudowords. Suffixed pseudowords also generated longer latencies than simple pseudowords. The effect of imageability reached significance in these comparisons. With respect to the physiological data, significant differences emerged in the peak latencies between polymorphemic and the other two types of pseudowords, simple and suffixed. Overall findings were interpreted to index processing costs associated with the inhibition of word-like responses in morphological pseudowords while highlighting the intrinsic relationship between morphological and semantic processing. Physiological results allow us to associate for the first-time changes in the pupils to pseudowords processing.
Correction: Constructing a novel TiO2/γ-graphyne heterojunction for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Wu Lulu , Li Qiaodan , Yang Chaofan , Ma Xiaoqing , Zhang Zefan , Cui Xiaoli
Published: July 2023

Correction for ‘Constructing a novel TiO2/γ-graphyne heterojunction for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution’ by Lulu Wu et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2018, 6, 20947–20955, https://doi.org/10.1039/C8TA07307D.
The first massive compact companion in a wide orbit around a hot subdwarf star
Authors: Geier S. , Dorsch M. , Dawson H. , Pelisoli I. , Munday J. , Marsh T. R. , Schaffenroth V. , Heber U.
Published: July 2023

We report the discovery of the first hot subdwarf B (sdB) star with a massive compact companion in a wide (P = 892.5 ± 60.2 d) binary system. It was discovered based on an astrometric binary solution provided by the Gaia mission Data Release 3. We performed detailed analyses of the spectral energy distribution (SED) as well as spectroscopic follow-up observations and confirm the nature of the visible component as a sdB star. The companion is invisible despite of its high mass of Mcomp = 1.50−0.45+0.37 M⊙. A main sequence star of this mass would significantly contribute to the SED and can be excluded. The companion must be a compact object, either a massive white dwarf or a neutron star. Stable Roche lobe overflow to the companion likely led to the stripping of a red giant and the formation of the sdB, the hot and exposed helium core of the giant. Based on very preliminary data, we estimate that ∼9% of the sdBs might be formed through this new channel. This binary might also be the prototype for a new progenitor class of supernovae type Ia, which has been predicted by theory.
Atypical Melanocytic Matricoma: A Case Report with Molecular Studies
Authors: Feoli Francesco , Stieber Daniel , Bormans Anne , Corsten Marcus
Published: July 2023

Melanocytic matricoma is a rare benign pilar tumor characterized by matrical differentiation and interspersed dendritic melanocytes. It may show cellular atypia and brisk mitotic activity. Histological characterization of some lesions may be difficult. In addition, because the reported cases are few and have limited follow-up, there is insufficient experience to define outcome-based criteria for malignancy. Some cases of melanocytic matricoma with more prominent atypia have been reported as malignant, but their clinical behavior is uncertain. We present a melanocytic matricoma with interspersed benign dendritic melanocytes, but moderate basaloid atypia, focally brisk mitotic activity, and atypical mitoses. Despite the apparently good delimitation of this tumor, higher magnification revealed a slightly irregular border. However, overt malignant features such as necrosis, frank asymmetry, deep infiltration, and ulceration were not present. This tumor showed a complex aberrant genomic profile with multiple whole chromosomes or chromosomal arms, losses, and duplications. The tumor mutational burden was high. A loss-of-function alteration in CDKN2A and a loss-of-function mutation in TP53 were also present. This unexpected molecular profile contrasts with the relatively bland histology of the tumor and is in line with the difficulties in microscopic differential diagnosis between melanocytic matricoma and an indolent malignant pilomatrical tumor. We suggest that molecular studies and longer follow-up periods may help to further understand and more precisely categorize borderline pilomatrical tumors with melanocytic hyperplasia.
Motives and strategies of women pursuing careers in IT and HR managerial positions
Authors: Sołek-Borowska Celina , Tabor-Błażewicz Joanna
Published: July 2023

Purpose

Despite more than 50 years of research into gender and work, the impact of women occupying managerial positions persists to be under-represented in mainstream human resource management (HRM) literature. The purpose of this article is to identify and explore the perceptions of women who decided to choose their career path either in IT or HR positions to explore their motivation, career strategies and success factors.

Design/methodology/approach

Twenty semi-structured interviews were conducted with women occupying either IT or HR managerial positions. The study included two datasets: (1) women representing managerial positions in IT and (2) women representing managerial positions in HR.

Findings

Women holding HR managerial positions took action to achieve the intended position in their dream industry since their studies. On the contrary, the choice of the IT industry was one undertaken by candidates with no previous IT experience. Because the IT sector is dominated by men, women in these positions still had to prove their competences.

Research limitations/implications

The research showed that women cannot be ignored in the science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) industry, and they prove a valuable resource for managerial positions in IT or HR departments in many sectors.

Originality/value

The research underpinned a new boundaryless career model for both HR and IT positions.
Managing urban infrastructure assets in the digital era: challenges of municipal digital transformation
Authors: Lafioune Nawel , Poirier Erik Andrew , St-Jacques Michèle
Published: July 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to frame digital transformation (DT) within municipalities to improve the life cycles of urban infrastructure.

Design/methodology/approach

The study provides the results from a systematic review of the literature on concepts of DT and its implications for municipalities, barriers and challenges to DT, as well existing DT frameworks for municipalities and their built assets. This literature review leads to the development of a DT framework to help cities conduct a planned and federated DT beforehand. Then, workshops are conducted with two major Canadian municipalities.

Findings

The results of these studies point to the need for a dedicated DT framework for municipalities because of their particular context and their role and proximity to citizens. The theoretical framework develops 22 elements, which are divided among 6 categories. Through its application, the framework helps to identify and target the predominant issues hindering the DT of municipalities, specifically “legacy practices” and “data management.”

Research limitations/implications

Limitations include limited experimental conditions and small sample size. Further work is needed to validate the framework. Other approaches are advocated to complement the data collection and analysis to generate more convincing results.

Practical implications

The theoretical framework was validated through two case studies on two large Canadian municipalities.

Social implications

Municipalities maximize the value they provide to citizens and to be at the forefront of resilience and sustainability concerns. The use of technology, digital processes and initiatives helps cities to improve planning, optimize works and provide better services to citizens.

Originality/value

The framework is original in that it specifically aligns assets management with DT in a municipal context.
Development of clinical criteria for the evaluation of indirect restorations
Authors: Montenegro Silvana Pizzini , Ramidan Juliana Cabral , Michelon Marcela Mendes Medeiros , Breves Ricardo Caldeira , Fonseca Giuliana Vasconcelos de Souza , Teixeira Mayla Kezy Silva , Lourenço Eduardo José Veras , Telles Daniel de Moraes
Published: July 2023

Objective

To propose the development and validation of criteria for evaluating the clinical performance of indirect restorations, considering the variables related to the operator, material, and/or patient.

Materials and Methods

The experimental design of this study was divided into three stages. Stage 1: development of the new criteria items by specialists in Prosthodontics. Step 2: creation of the criteria, named UERJ criteria, with the description of the parameters that indicate the quality of the restoration, the possible associated complications, and a detailed description of each classification. As well as the development of a form of variables. Step 3: validation of the UERJ criteria.

Results

Cohen's Kappa statistic registered for both intra‐ and inter‐examiner agreements a coefficient >0.91 with a p‐value <0.0001. The validity of the UERJ criteria was evaluated by tests of sensitivity (0.96) and specificity (0.91) and had a satisfactory accuracy (92.7%), a positive (10.99), and negative (0.05) likelihood ratio and high values predictive variables, with positive (PPV) 0.84 (high specificity) and negative (VPN) 0.98 (high sensitivity), with a confidence interval of 95%.

Conclusion

The UERJ criteria is a valid instrument for evaluating the clinical performance of indirect restorations.

Clinical Significance

The UERJ criteria, developed exclusively for the analysis of indirect restorations, elucidates the details necessary to identify the causes of failures and complications of these restorations.
Cross‐cultural variation and perspectivalism: Alignment of two red herrings?
Authors: Li Jincai
Published: July 2023

In this brief reply I respond to criticisms of my book, The referential mechanism of proper names, from Michael Devitt and Nicolo D'Agruma. I focus on the question of whether the perspectivism advocated in the book explains the empirical results there detailed.
On free fall of fermions and antifermions
Authors: Emelyanov Viacheslav A.
Published: July 2023

We propose a model describing spin-half quantum particles in curved spacetime in the framework of quantum field theory. Our model is based on embodying Einstein’s equivalence principle and general covariance in the definition of quantum-particle states. With this model at hand, we compute several observables which characterise spin-half quantum particles in a gravitational field. In particular, we find that spin precesses in a normal Fermi frame, even in the absence of torsion. The effect appears to be complementary to free-fall non-universality we have recently reported about for spinless quantum particles. Furthermore, we find that quantum-particle gravitational-potential energy is insensitive to wave-packet spreading in the Earth’s gravitational field, that is responsible for the non-universality of free fall in quantum theory. This theoretical result provides another channel for the experimental study of our quantum-particle model by using gravitational spectrometers. Finally, we also find that (elementary) fermions and antifermions are indistinguishable in gravity.
Urban Strategies for Mitigation or Adaptation to Climate Change: What Criteria for Choice?
Authors: CÖMERT BAECHLER Nazan
Published: July 2023

Strategies to combat climate change may be based on mitigation of the phenomenon or on adaptation to its consequences. This paper aims to identify the driving factors of the choice between these two categories of strategies in the context of urban climate plans. The fight against climate change being characterized by a logic of free riding, the situation tilts the balance towards adaptation strategies in an urban context, to the detriment of mitigation. This hypothesis is tested here through a review of the existing literature on urban climate strategies. This study shows that, counterintuitively, mitigation prevails over adaptation in urban climate strategies up to now. This paper explores the explanations for this seemingly paradoxical situation. We argue that a big part of the explanation has to do with the institutional context of urban climate strategies, specifically the decision-making capacities of municipalities, or the fact that they take part in international networks promoting mitigation over adaptation. Other explanations rely on the cost/benefit impact of adopting mitigation or adaptation, like the collateral local/private benefits of urban climate strategies that are often bigger with mitigation than adaptation. Another finding is that there is no systematic planning making it compulsory to choose between mitigation and adaptation strategies, as they are in some instances complementary, providing co-benefits.
The Moderating Role of Sex in the Relation between Cue-Induced Craving and Resting-State Functional Connectivity in the Salience Network of Non-Clinically Diagnosed Drinkers
Authors: Firdaus Insan , Kleiboer Annet M , Huizink Anja C , Kaag Anne Marije
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Previous research indicates a relation between craving and increased connectivity in the resting-state salience network. However, the link between cue-induced craving and connectivity in the salience network remains unclear. Further investigation is needed to understand the effect of sex on the relationship between cue-induced craving and the salience network. We investigated the role of sex in the association between the resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) salience network and subjective cue-induced craving. Methods: Twenty-six males (mean age = 25.3) and 23 females (mean age = 26.0), with a score of 12 or higher on the alcohol use disorder identification test, were included in the current study. No significant difference in age was observed between males and females. Participants underwent a resting-state MRI scan for 6 min. Following the MRI scan, participants completed an alcohol cue-exposure task for 5.5 min to assess cue-induced craving using the desire to drink alcohol questionnaire. We applied independent component analysis methods to determine functional connectivity within the salience network. Subsequently, we investigated how cue-induced craving is related to the salience network’s RSFC and if this relationship is moderated by sex. Results: The association between the salience network and cue-induced craving was not statistically significant nor did we find a moderating effect for sex. Conclusion: The null findings in the study may be explained by a lack of power. Alternatively, alcohol use sex disparities may be more prevalent in the recreational/impulsive stage, whereas participants in our study were in the later stage of addiction.
Chylomicrons Regulate Lacteal Permeability and Intestinal Lipid Absorption
Authors: Zarkada Georgia , Chen Xun , Zhou Xuetong , Lange Martin , Zeng Lei , Lv Wenyu , Zhang Xuan , Li Yunhua , Zhou Weibin , Liu Keli , Chen Dongying , Ricard Nicolas , Liao James , Kim Young-Bum , Benedito Rui , Claesson-Welsh Lena , Alitalo Kari , Simons Michael , Ju Rong , Li Xuri , Eichmann Anne , Zhang Feng
Published: July 2023

Background:

Lymphatic vessels are responsible for tissue drainage, and their malfunction is associated with chronic diseases. Lymph uptake occurs via specialized open cell-cell junctions between capillary lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), whereas closed junctions in collecting LECs prevent lymph leakage. LEC junctions are known to dynamically remodel in development and disease, but how lymphatic permeability is regulated remains poorly understood.

Methods:

We used various genetically engineered mouse models in combination with cellular, biochemical, and molecular biology approaches to elucidate the signaling pathways regulating junction morphology and function in lymphatic capillaries.

Results:

By studying the permeability of intestinal lacteal capillaries to lipoprotein particles known as chylomicrons, we show that ROCK (Rho-associated kinase)-dependent cytoskeletal contractility is a fundamental mechanism of LEC permeability regulation. We show that chylomicron-derived lipids trigger neonatal lacteal junction opening via ROCK-dependent contraction of junction-anchored stress fibers. LEC-specific ROCK deletion abolished junction opening and plasma lipid uptake. Chylomicrons additionally inhibited VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor)-A signaling. We show that VEGF-A antagonizes LEC junction opening via VEGFR (VEGF receptor) 2 and VEGFR3-dependent PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase)/AKT (protein kinase B) activation of the small GTPase RAC1 (Rac family small GTPase 1), thereby restricting RhoA (Ras homolog family member A)/ROCK–mediated cytoskeleton contraction.

Conclusions:

Our results reveal that antagonistic inputs into ROCK-dependent cytoskeleton contractions regulate the interconversion of lymphatic junctions in the intestine and in other tissues, providing a tunable mechanism to control the lymphatic barrier.
Combining perineural invasion with staging improve the prognostic accuracy in colorectal cancer: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zhang Bin , Lin Yanyun , Wang Chao , Chen Zexian , Huang Tianze , Chen Hao , Wang Guannan , Lan Ping , He Xiaowen , He Xiaosheng
Published: July 2023

Background

Current guidelines only propose the importance of perineural invasion(PNI) on prognosis in stage II colon cancer. However, the prognostic value of PNI in other stages of colorectal cancer (CRC) is ambiguous.

Methods

This single-center retrospective cohort study included 3485 CRC patients who underwent primary colorectal resection between January 2013 and December 2016 at the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University. Associations of PNI with overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were evaluated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models. In addition, interaction analyses were performed to explore the prognostic effects of PNI in different clinical subgroups.

Results

After median follow-up of 61.9 months, we found PNI was associated with poorer OS (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.290; 95% CI, 1.087–1.531) and DFS (aHR, 1.397; 95% CI, 1.207–1.617), irrespective of tumor stage. Interestingly, the weight of PNI was found second only to incomplete resection in the nomogram for risk factors of OS and DFS in stage II CRC patients. Moreover, OS and DFS were insignificantly different between stage II patients with PNI and stage III patients (both P > 0.05). PNI was found to be an independent prognostic factor of DFS in stage III CRC (aHR: 1.514; 95% CI, 1.211–1.892) as well. Finally, the adverse effect of PNI on OS was more significant in female, early-onset, and diabetes-negative patients than in their counterparts (interaction P = 0.0213, 0.0280, and 0.0186, respectively).

Conclusion

PNI was an important prognostic factor in CRC, more than in stage II. The survival of patients with stage II combined with perineural invasion is similar with those with stage III. PNI in stage III CRC also suggests a worse survival.
Urgensi Akal dalam Asbāb Al-Nuzūl QS. Al-Nisa’ 54 dan 59
Authors: Hajar Aprilita
Published: July 2023

It is generally defined that asbāb al-nuzūl is a question or event which is specifically explained by the verse that was revealed and is related to the question or event. QS. Al-Nisa: 54 explains the meaning behind the reproaches of the Jews for the polygamy of the Prophet Muhammad, while QS. Al-Nisa: 59 explains the urgency of ‘aql in understanding naql. This study describes in depth the ‘ibrah of the two asbāb al-nuzūl through a literature review. The historical approach is used as an analytical instrument so that the description of this research can be well narrated chronologically. The researcher concludes from the two asbāb al-nuzūl that hatred causes subjectivity, and the understanding of naql can be rejected if it conflicts with ‘aql.
Secara umum, asbāb al-nuzūl dapat didefinisikan sebagai pertanyaan atau kejadian yang dijelaskan secara spesifik oleh ayat yang turun dan terkait dengan pertanyaan atau kejadian tersebut. Turunnya QS. Al-Nisa: 54 menjelaskan makna dibalik celaan orang Yahudi terhadap poligami Rasulullah SAW, sedangkan QS. Al-Nisa: 59 menerangkan urgensi ‘aql dalam memahami naql. Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan secara mendalam ‘ibrah dari dua asbāb al-nuzūl tersebut melalui kajian kepustakaan. Pendekatan sejarah digunakan sebagai pisau analisis, sehingga deskripsi penelitian ini dapat dinarasikan dengan baik secara kronologis. Peneliti menyimpulkan dari dua asbāb al-nuzūl tersebut bahwa kebencian itu melahirkan subjektifitas dan pemahaman terhadap naql dapat ditolak jika bertentangan dengan ‘aql.
The past we see before us: Celebrating 100 years of Early Education
Authors: Nutbrown Dame Cathy
Published: July 2023

Professor Dame Cathy Nutbrown, Professor of Education at the University of Sheffield and Honorary President of Early Education, looks back at some of the issues affecting the early years sector at the organisation's formation as well as today, as Early Education celebrates the impressive milestone of its centenary.
A day in the life of an Outstanding nursery
Authors: Slater Rebecca
Published: July 2023

The Oaks Day Nursery has been rated Ofsted Outstanding since 2017, praised for its exciting and varied curriculum, tailored support for each child, excellent staff wellbeing initiatives and for staff who always go ‘above and beyond’. We sat down with nursery manager, Rebecca Slater, to discover what happens behind-the-scenes, and asked her to share her best tips and practice for other early year professionals.
Eskola-materialaren izaera, garrantzia eta kudeaketa
Authors: Picabea Sara , Echevarria Eztizen , Pérez Naiara , Pérez Iván
Published: July 2023

Artikulu honek eskola-materialaren kudeaketan egunerokoan dauden zailtasunak azpimarratzen ditu, eta azken helburua eskola-materialaren kudeaketa hobetu dezaketen hainbat proposamen egitea da, bai EAEn, bai estatu-mailan. Datuek erakusten dute familia askok zailtasunak dituztela derrigorrezko hezkuntzako etapetan eskola-materiala ordaintzeko, eta euskal hezkuntza-komunitateko eragileek azpimarratzen dute baliabideen zurrunbiloak eta protokolo argirik ezak nahasmendua eta deskoordinazioa dakartela berekin. Era berean, irakasle askok aitortu dute eskola-materiala bigarren mailako gaia dela eta ez dagoela hezkuntza-eztabaidan, eta COVID-19ak eragindako erabateko konfinamenduak agerian utzi zuen baliabide-desberdintasunetik abiatuta, oso garrantzitsua dela eskola-materiala, haren eragina, kudeaketa eta hezigarritasuna pandemia hasi eta urte batzuetara birpentsatzea. Hezkuntzak gizartea eralda dezakeela dioen printzipioari eta idealari eusten diogu, eta hezkuntza-independentzia ezinbestekoa dela helburu horretarako. Era berean, hezkuntza-politikak behar dira, pertsona orori bermatzeko hezkuntzan sartzea eta irautea, haien egoera sozioekonomikoa edozein dela ere. Hezkuntza-komunitateak, oro har, eskola-materialari buruz pentsatu behar du, gizarte- eta hezkuntza-aldaketen arabera birdefinitu, material hori eskuratzeko modua zehaztu, eta gaur egun gizartean eta ingurumenean duen eraginari buruz hausnartu. Gako-hitzak: lehen hezkuntza, eskola-materiala, baliabideen kudeaketa, laguntza didaktikorako materiala, hezkuntza-kalitatea, berdintasuna.
Exercise prevents obesity by reducing gut-derived inflammatory signals to brown adipocytes in mice
Authors: Santana-Oliveira Daiana Araujo , Souza-Tavares Henrique , Fernandes-da-Silva Aline , Silva-Veiga Flavia Maria , Casimiro-Lopes Gustavo , Cristina Lisboa Patricia , Mandarim-de-Lacerda Carlos Alberto , Souza-Mello Vanessa
Published: July 2023

Gut dysbiosis impairs nonshivering thermogenesis (NST) in obesity. The antiobesogenic effects of exercise training might involve the modulation of gut microbiota and its inflammatory signals to the brown adipose tissue (BAT). This study evaluated whether high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) prevent overweight through reduced gut-derived inflammatory signals to BAT in high-fat-fed mice. Sixty male C57BL/6 mice (3 months old) comprised six experimental groups: control (C) diet group, C diet + HIIT (C-HIIT) group, C diet + MICT (C-MICT) group, high-fat (HF) diet group, HF diet + HIIT (HF-HIIT) group, and HF diet + MICT (HF-MICT) group. The protocols lasted for 10 weeks. HIIT and MICT restored body mass, mitigated glucose intolerance, and prevented hyperinsulinemia in HF-trained groups. A chronic HF diet caused dysbiosis, but HIIT and MICT prevented gut dysbiosis and preserved tight junction (TJ) gene expression. HF-HIIT and HF-MICT groups exhibited a similar pattern of goblet cell distribution, agreeing with the decreased plasma lipopolysaccharide concentrations and interscapular BAT (iBAT) Lbp-Cd14-Tlr4 expression. The lowered Nlrp3 and Il1β in the HF-HITT and HF-MICT groups complied with iBAT thermogenic capacity maintenance. This study shows reliable evidence that HIIT and MICT prevented overweight by restoring the diversity of the gut microbiota phyla and TJ gene expression, thereby reducing inflammatory signals to brown adipocytes with preserved thermogenic capacity. Both exercise modalities prevented overweight, but HIIT rescued Zo-1 and Jam-a gene expression, exerting more potent anti-inflammatory effects than MICT (reduced LPS concentrations), providing a sustained increase in thermogenesis with 78% less distance traveled.
Enzyme systems from the thermophilic fungusTalaromyces emersonii for sugar beet bioconversion
Authors: Fernandes Sara , Murray Patrick G. , Tuohy Maria G.
Published: July 2023

The thermostable enzyme systems produced by the thermophilic ascomycete fungus Talaromyces emersonii cultivated on various carbon sources were investigated for the production of high value products from sugar beet. A broad range of enzymatic activities relevant to cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin hydrolysis were identified in T. emersonii culture filtrates. In hydrolysis experiments conducted at 71ºC, the enzyme cocktails generated sugar-rich syrups from untreated sugar beet plants. Maximal levels of sugar beet hydrolysis were obtained with T. emersonii enzyme cocktails induced with sorghum/ beet pulp (68%) and sugar beet plant (56%). The principle monosaccharides released were glucose, xylose, and arabinose with minor amounts of galactose and galacturonic acid. Northern analysis of RNA isolated from T. emersonii when sugar beet plants were used as the sole carbon inducing source showed that genes required for polysaccharide hydrolysis and five carbon monosaccharide metabolism were co-ordinately expressed.