Algorithm of surgical tactics and surgical treatment of cholelithiasis complicated by multiple choledocholithiasis
Authors: Aimagambetov Meirbek , Masalov Aldiyar , Bulegenov Tolkyn , Ulan Umitgul , Sarsembayeva Azhar , Nasikhatkyzy Meruert , Turysbekova Laura , Omarov Nazarbek , Auyenov Medet , Abdrakhmanov Samatbek , Akzhigitova Gulmira 
Published: June 2022

Objective: Biliary stone disease is now one of the most common diseases, affecting 10-20% of the world's population. One of the most important problems in biliary tract surgery is the treatment of choledocholithiasis, which occurs in 10 to 38% of biliary stone disease according to different authors.

Our research has allowed us to outline the most rational ways of treating patients in modern conditions. In our research, we focus on “the golden mean'” - a combination of staged minimally invasive interventions and standard interventions. Aim of our study was to evaluate the results of postoperative complications using the developed algorithm of surgical tactics and choledochoduodenoanastomosis from a minimally invasive approach.

Methods: Overall,  35 patients who underwent surgical treatment of  cholelithiasis, cholangitis, benign genesis obstructive jaundice (BGOJ) were included to the study.

All patients were divided into two groups (main group and comparison group) depending on the method of treatment used.   The study group consisted of 17 (48.6%) patients who underwent bile outflow restoration of choledochal outflow obstruction of the terminal section (choledochodenoanastamosis according to the developed by us  procedure (Kazakhstan patent №108142, Algorithm of diagnostics and surgical treatment tactics of benign genesis obstructive jaundice - Author's certificate № 24754. Control group consisted of 18 (51.4%) patients who underwent cholecystectomy, choledocholithiasis by Jurash-Vinogradov and applied conventional algorithm of diagnostics and treatment of multiple choledocholithiasis with benign genesis obstructive jaundice. We assessed complications of procedures according to Clavien-Dindo  and pain intensity level using visual analog score in both groups.

Results:  When using the proposed algorithm and new methods of surgical treatment in patients in the study group the rate of complication was lower in the study group as compared to control group (p=0.04): there was no deficiency and bleeding from the anastomosis, while in control group they  turned out to be in 1 case. Complications in the form of seroma in 2 cases and bleeding into the subcutaneous tissue of the postoperative wound were in 1 case, being the same as in control group. No mortality was recorded in any group. The pain level was lower in the study group as compared to control group (p&lt;0.05).

Conclusions: Thus, the application of our algorithm for the diagnosis and surgical tactics of treatment of obstructive jaundice of benign genesis makes it possible to determine the tactics of surgical treatment of patients with obstructive jaundice.

The developed technique for the surgical treatment of choledocholithiasis in cholelithiasis ensures the restoration of bile outflow in the duodenum, normalizes its morphofunctional state, prevents the development of various postoperative complications, in particular, there was no leakage and bleeding from the choledochoduodenoanastomosis in the main group.