bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
„Nie wojna nas zabija i demoralizuje”… Komentarz do powojennych wydarzeń z Polski i zagranicy w Dzienniczku z czasów wojny 1914-1921 Franciszka Dudy
Authors: Urgacz Maria
Published: September 2021

‘It is Not the War that Kills and Demoralises Us’…A Commentary to Postwar Events in Poland and Abroad in a Diary from the War Period of 1914–1921 By Franciszek Duda

This source edition is a continuation of a fragment of A Diary from the War Period of 1914–1918 by Franciszek Duda, which was published in the “Annual Volume of the Scientific Library of the PAAS and the PAS in Cracow”, Vol. 58 (2018). In the previous part, the author brought the edition up to the moment of establishment of the Provisional People’s Government of the Republic of Poland led by Prime Minister Jędrzej Moraczewski. In the further part of his memoirs, Franciszek Duda leads the reader through the most important postwar events, including the victorious defence of Lviv in November 1918, Ignacy Paderewski’s return to Poland and his two visits to Cracow, events accompanying the signature of the Treaty of Versailles, the Polish-Czechoslovak war for the territory of Cieszyn Silesia, the Polish-Ukrainian war and the Upper Silesia plebiscite.
The author of the memoirs was a representative of the Cracow intelligentsia, an employee of the National Archive of Castle and Land Records in Cracow (currently the National Archive in Cracow), and a declared advocate of the national ideas of Roman Dmowski. In his Diary..., Franciszek Duda does not report any new facts from that period that had been unknown to or rarely commented by historians until then. An interesting aspect of his memoirs is his own remarks and thoughts and a reflection of what others thought of current events and how information was circulated in Cracow at that time – who disseminated the news, what rumours spread around the city and how they were commented. Franciszek Duda gives us a very detailed account of moods and opinions that prevailed in Cracow in those days. It is worth mentioning that these comments are also very subjective and, given the fact that the same author expressed relatively moderate opinions in the previous part, loaded with emotions. We can suppose that even the time that passed from the time of writing the original Diary... till its rewriting in 1936 did not soften the author’s feelings regarding these events.
Z Górnych Węgier do Krakowa. Sylwester Joanelli – kariera Włocha, dzierżawcy zamku niedzickiego
Authors: Wojtowicz Jacek
Published: September 2021

From Upper Hungary to Kraków. Sylwester Joanelli – the Career of an Italian Tenant of the Niedzica Castle

The paper presents the biographical and genealogical aspects of Sylwester Joanelle de Telvana’s life and activity. It also discusses the heraldic issues concerning his family, originating in Gandino near Bergamo. Joanelli, who originally was probably a Viennese merchant, moved to Upper Hungary. He worked closely with his cousin, Johann Andreas Joanelli, from whom he received a lease of Smolniki in Slovakia along with its ore mines. He was also one of the greatest copper traders in Kraków. In 1664, he married Katarzyna Formankowiczówna (Furmankowiczówna), the daughter of Jan, a councillor in Kraków. Around 1670, he leased the Dunajec castle in Niedzica. As a devout Catholic and Habsburgs’ supporter, he used to come into conflict with Hungarian Protestants. Forced to leave Smolnik, he settled in Niedzica. In 1683 he was fighting the Kuruc army under Imre Tököly for five weeks after which he fell into captivity. Redeemed from captivity, he made his way to Kraków, where he died after a few months. His wife funded him a splendid gravestone in the Italian Chapel located in the Church of St. Francis in Kraków. It still exists. Sylwester’s descendants owned the properties in Niedzica for next several dozen years, selling them out gradually after they moved to castellum in Łapsze.
Polskie badania botaniczne i mykologiczne w Karpatach Wschodnich do roku 1918. Zarys problematyki
Authors: Ślusarczyk Janusz M.
Published: September 2021

Polish Botanical and Mycological Research in Eastern Carpathians up to 1918. An Outline

As shown in the presented material, the contribution of Polish botanists into a scientific research on flora and fungi of Eastern Carpathians up to 1918 was significant. In spite of very limited funds, extremely difficult and undeveloped terrain and difficulties in organising fieldwork, a more or less advanced research had been conducted. They resulted in the publication of some high level scientific papers usually printed in the journals of the Cracow Scientific Society and then the Academy of Learning. The input of the Botanical Section of the Physiographical Commission of the Academy of Learning should be underlined as well. Researchers related to those institutions have greatly enhanced the knowledge of plants and fungi of the discussed region, thus vastly contributing to both Polish and European academic achievement.
It should also be noted that except for Polish researchers, the issue of botanic research in Eastern Carpatians within the discussed period has also been dealt with by foreign academics from: Austria, Germany, Hungary.
„Z żarów nad Nilem w ogień rewolucji nad Wisłą”. Izydor Kajetan Wysłouch (1869–1937) i jego działalność społeczna
Authors: Śliwa Joachim
Published: September 2021

“From the Heats by Nile to the Fire of Revolution by Vistula”. Izydor Kajetan Wysłouch (1869–1973) and His Social Activity

The paper reminds the profile of a respected religious reformer and social activist whose life was also connected to Egypt. From 1902 to 1904, due to ill-health, he visited Egypt twice as he required climatotherapy. At that time he stayed in Helwan, a popular resort near Cairo. During his treatment, he was probably residing in Wanda Bilińska’s guesthouse, where residents from the territories of former-day Poland met. The stay in Egypt made a huge impression on Wysłouch. An ample evidence of his fascination with heritage and monuments of ancient Egypt is the neatly published volume, issued soon after the author’s return to Poland, titled From the Land of Ruins (Warsaw 1906); what is also interesting is its graphic design, using Egyptian motives, created by Franciszek Siedlecki (1867–1934). The volume, containing the author’s reflections on existence and prose poetry, signals the state of his soul, which was filled with loneliness and bitter sadness. Its content also suggests that the author had visited most of the country, from the Giza Pyramid Complex to the city of Aswan. Egypt influenced him to such a great degree that he called the country his second homeland. He also took his pen-name “Szech” (ar. Sheikh) at that time. Having returned to his motherland, Wysłouch became a keen supporter of working-class protests (1905). He also strongly backed the reforms in the Ethical and Social Teachings of the Church; he published numerous brochures in which he described an utopian programme that would connect Christianity with Communism and Polish patriotism; he decided to leave Church in 1908. After Poland regained its independence in 1918, Wysłouch, as a public servant, played a vital role in organising and introducing the system of public disability pensions and retirement insurance in the reborn Poland.
Modification of the Stamp Topological Optimization Taking into Account Cyclic Fatigue based on the Finite Element Approach
Authors: Andrianov Ivan K.
Published: September 2021

The study is devoted to optimizing the volume of stamping tools used in pressure processing processes. The relevance of the research is due to the active development of additive technologies and the possibility of producing stamping tools from plastic of optimal shape, which has an important practical significance in the manufacture of thin-walled products in the aviation and automotive industries. The purpose of the study was to carry out a mathematical formulation of the problem of topological optimization of a forming die made of a polymer material with restrictions on fatigue durability and minimum volume. The task of topological optimization was to maximize the stiffness of the die under multicyclic loading. The vector description of topological optimization was based on the finite element approach. The optimization model was built on the basis of the solid isotropic material penalization method with the introduction of additional restrictions in the model of searching for pseudo-densities of the material, taking into account the duration of the force action on the stamp under multicyclic loading. In view of the nonlinearity of the resulting system of equations, the solution of the conditional optimization problem is proposed to be carried out by constructing the Lagrange objective function and using the Lagrange multiplier method. The result of the study is the proposed approach to the topological optimization of the stamp, taking into account the multicyclic loading and restrictions on the desired volume.
INCLUSÃO DO ACOMPANHANTE NA ROTINA DE ASSISTÊNCIA AO PARTO DE ALTO RISCO
Authors: Bernardy Letícia Natacha , Medeiros Fabiana Fontana , Capello Thais da Silva , Santos Izabel Dayana de Lemos , Cardelli Alexandrina Aparecida Maciel , Bernardy Cátia Campaner Ferrari
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: identificar a inclusão do acompanhante no parto de alto risco. Método: trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, transversal descritivo. A população do estudo foi constituída por 319 mulheres no período pós-parto internadas em uma maternidade pública de alto risco. A pesquisa foi realizada no período de outubro de 2016 a agosto de 2017. Os dados foram compilados no programa SPSS® versão 20.0 Resultados: o estudo mostrou que grande parte (60,8%) das mulheres foram submetidas à cesariana e foram informadas sobre o direito ao acompanhante (62,6%). O momento da informação ofertada 37,3% receberam na internação, 17,8% no momento do parto e 7,5% no puerpério; 37,9% das mulheres não tiveram acompanhante no momento do parto, com número expressivo (23,2%) decorrente de dificuldades na rotina hospitalar. Conclusão: Nota-se dificuldades para incorporar o acompanhante na rotina e no atendimento ao trabalho de parto, parto e puerpério de mulheres classificadas como de alto risco.
Types of didactic activities that lead to the development of scientific thinking in Romanian language and literature classes
Authors:   ", Chetrosu Anca Nicoleta ,   Traian Vuia",   Auto Transport High School
Published: September 2021

This paper aims to highlight the importance of scientific thinking in the act of teaching, learning and assessment in Romanian Language and Literature classes. The first part of the article addresses the necessary steps to be taken in the development of scientific thinking, as well as its characteristics. The second part presents the types of teaching activities that facilitate the transfer from theory to practice, as well as a list of learning apps that can be used in literature classes.
Economic thinking as a derivative of scientific thinking - premise in making effective decisions
Authors:   Teacher at ”Petru Rareș” High School, Chișinău, Oloieru Anastasia
Published: September 2021

This article shows the connection between scientific thinking and economic thinking. Economic thinking is characterized as a higher level of thinking, which requires the ability to critically and constructively analyze economic problems, to achieve economic activity efficiently, etc. By knowing and respecting economic principles and laws, people, families can reduce the opportunity cost and make the right choices in life. The article is enriched with a multitude of examples of the applicability of opportunity cost not only in economics but also in other fields.
Scientific thinking – a fundamental concept in the professionalization of teachers
Authors:   ", Sanduleac Sergiu ,   Ion Creanga",   State Pedagogical University of Chisinau
Published: September 2021

Scientific thinking as a fundamental concept in the professionalization of teachers is a very important element in the problems that have arisen in the 21st century. This article presents the theoretical modeling of the professionalization of the teacher who has a high level of operability in scientific thinking. Several meanings regarding scientific thinking are presented. Likewise, the perspectives of approach in the development of scientific thinking in teachers in relation to Bloom's revised taxonomy are presented. The article concludes with international and national strategies that could be undertaken to contribute to the development of scientific thinking in teachers, in relation to possible problems that could be solved through these educational implications that would help set the standards of scientific thinking as a standard for thought development scientific studies for pre-university teachers.
Has Speech-Language Pathology Changed? Personality Types of Contemporary Students
Authors: Baggs Terry
Published: September 2021

The influence of personality on therapy outcomes is largely unknown. However, clinical success in a broad sense may be influenced appreciably by personality, as persons with differing personalities comprise a therapy team. Purpose: This study assessed the personality traits of a large number of graduate students in speech-language pathology and compared the results to those of a generation ago. This information is valuable in preparing students for both educational and workplace success. Method: A total of 320 graduate students in speech-language pathology at six universities completed the Keirsey Temperament Sorter-II. Frequency and proportional data of personality type and temperament and means for the bipolar constructs were analyzed. Results: A majority of the students preferred a Sensing-Judging (SJ) temperament at a rate that is double that of the US population. (Persons with a SJ temperament tend to be realists who prefer organization and service.) With the exception of one, universities were statistically comparable in their students’ bipolar constructs. Conclusion: This study confirms recent findings of a preference for the SJ temperament in graduate speech-language pathology students. Although these findings indicate a clear shift in the personality of students from a generation ago, clinical educators and workplace managers must be knowledgeable of and diligent in the utilization of all team members’ personalities to facilitate educational and clinical success.
Attitudes and Barriers Towards Engaging in Continuing Professional Development Among Clinical Physiotherapists in Ghana
Authors: Bello Ajediran , Lawson Ivy
Published: September 2021

Purpose: Continuing Professional Development (CPD) programmes are important components of professional training to maintain competence. There is insufficient information regarding physiotherapists’ participation in CPD activities in Ghana. This study aimed to provide insight into the engagement, attitude, and barriers towards CPD activities among Ghanaian physiotherapists. Methods: A cross-sectional survey study involved 50 clinical physiotherapists who were registered with the Ghana Association of Physiotherapists. A validated questionnaire that contained 34 open and closed-ended items was adapted from an existing tool to gather information from the participants. The questionnaire sought information on biodata, clinical practice issues, engagement, attitudes, and barriers regarding CPD. Data were analysed using frequency distributions, means, percentages, and one sample proportion (z score) test. Significance level was set a priori at p< 0.05. Results: The reported clinical experience of the participants showed that the majority (n=33: 67.34%) had worked less than six years whilst 11 (22.45%) had worked for more than 10 years. Most respondents 27(56%) spend 1 to 3 hours per week reading their professional literature. A significant proportion (p≤0.05) of physiotherapists showed good attitude towards CPD. Lack of leadership direction (22%) and non-availability of relevant courses (18%) were identified as the main barriers by the respondents at health practice facilities. At the national level, lack of sponsorship (33%) and information (23%) were cited as their barriers. Conclusion: Physiotherapists demonstrated a positive attitude towards CPD. Lack of sponsorship and leadership direction were identified as main barriers at the national level and practice facility respectively, thus stressing the need to motivate healthcare personnel in their quest to improve skills.
New Jersey Coaches’ Knowledge in Recognizing and Managing Concussion
Authors: Hossler Phil , Phang Kerry-Ann , Passannante Marian
Published: September 2021

High school coaches’ knowledge regarding the recognition and management of concussive injuries in adolescent athletes has not been assessed in New Jersey. The purpose of this study was to assess high school coaches’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding recognition and management of concussive injuries in athletes. A cross-sectional anonymous 15-item web-based survey of high school coaches in New Jersey was performed between May 2010 and June 2010. Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were used to compare proportions, and t-tests and analysis of variance were used to analyze group differences for normally distributed continuous data. When data were missing, these responses were excluded from the analysis. All significance testing was conducted at the alpha.05 level. This study yielded a response rate of 45% (537/1197) among coaches who were contacted. Respondents were primarily male (60%) from the largest public schools. The average number of years of coaching was 11 years. Substantial gaps in knowledge were identified among responding coaches. Only 16.9% of coaches correctly described concussion as a chemical disruption; 16% knew that adults recover more quickly from a concussion than teens, and less than half (42.5%) knew that the size of a teen’s skull in proportion to their neck and frame would make them more vulnerable to whiplash-like effects. The results indicate the need for formal coaching education programs.
Online Occupational Therapy Program Assessment: Application of the Sloan Consortium
Authors: Stube Jan , Zimmerman Sonia , Hanson Debra , Jedlicka Janet , Fox LaVonne , Hosford Charles
Published: September 2021

Purpose: In order to assess outcomes of an online Transitional Masters of Occupational Therapy (TMOT) degree program, the Sloan Consortium’s Five Pillars Model of Quality was applied to: 1) student assessment of learning and programmatic satisfaction; and 2) faculty satisfaction with the online teaching context. Method: Two surveys were used for post-programmatic data collection; one survey was specifically developed to measure TMOT graduates’ learning and satisfaction with programmatic parameters. The Online Faculty Satisfaction Survey (OFSS) was used to measure teaching faculty’s perspectives. Results: Graduates' responses indicated a moderate to strong support for learning effectiveness, satisfaction with online learning, institutional commitment, and cost-effectiveness. Faculty noted concerns with the time-intensity of online teaching, yet were satisfied with teaching self-efficacy, student participation, and learning outcomes.Conclusion: While this survey research suggests the online learning environment is a viable method to accomplish outcomes in occupational therapy education, the study findings also illustrate the structural and integrative value of the Sloan Consortium’s Five Pillars Model for program assessment across allied health disciplines. The Five Pillars Model’s value encompasses both the student perspective and faculty satisfaction, as well as other aspects of the online context for higher education.
Finding Employees with Undiagnosed Diabetes
Authors: Lenz Thomas , Gillespie Nicole , Monaghan Michael
Published: September 2021

Purpose: Implement a confidential and low cost method to identify employees with undiagnosed diabetes. Methods:Blood samples from fasting plasma glucose measurements obtained by a third party vendor from the annual employee health risk assessment data were re-run at a cut-point of 117 mg/dL or greater to obtain a hemoglobin A1c (A1c) value. Individual letters were sent from the third party vendor to employees with a HbA1c value of 5.7% or greater informing them of an employee diabetes management program. Results: 1611 of 3044 (53%) employees participated in the annual health risk assessment; 87 employees demonstrated a fasting plasma glucose >117 mg/dL; 27 employees had a A1c of 5.7-6.3%; and 16 employees had an A1c > 6.5%; 9 employees volunteered to participant in the diabetes management program. The employer spent a total of $783 to find 16 employees with undiagnosed diabetes and 27 employees with undiagnosed pre-diabetes. Conclusion: The process used by this employer maintained confidentiality and was considered a low cost means of finding employees with undiagnosed diabetes.
Development and Validation of a Questionnaire to Assess the Effect of Online Learning on Behaviors, Attitudes, and Clinical Practices of Physical Therapists in the United States Regarding Evidenced-based Clinical Practice
Authors: Sangoseni Olaide , Hellman Madeleine , Hill Cheryl
Published: September 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the face and content validity of a modified self-report questionnaire adapted from previous studies’ questionnaires. The modified questionnaire will be used in a later study to assess the effect of online learning on behaviors, attitudes, and clinical practices of physical therapists in the United States regarding evidence-based clinical practice. Methods: An expert panel of nine physical therapists in the field of evidence-based practice reviewed and rated the modified instrument for the relevance and representativeness of each item based on a dichotomous rating of favorable or unfavorable. Their ratings were used to calculate the content validity index values of each final item. Items with content validity index (CVI) greater than 0.78 were included in the final instrument. Results: The final instrument contained 23 Likert-type scale multiple choice questions and 13 dichotomous “yes” or “no” response options, and 13 are ranked response options categorized under eight thematic domains designed to address the effect of internet use and online information resource use on evidence-based practice among physical therapists in the United States. Demographic and practice data were also collected. Conclusion: The preliminary findings support the face and content validity of this 59-item questionnaire pending further validation for construct and criterion validity.
The Effect of Pointe Shoe Toe Box Shape on Proprioception in Novice Ballet Dancers
Authors: Cox Robert , Herzog Valerie
Published: September 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the short-term effect of a pointe shoe toe box shape on proprioception in novice ballet dancers. Methods: Thirty-six female subjects completed the study (age = 13.2 + 2.2 years, height = 156.4 + 11.5 cm, weight = 46.6 + 9.4 kg). Subjects were assigned randomly to one of two groups. One group of 18 subjects was assigned to the tapered toe box pointe shoe, and the other group of 18 subjects was assigned to the square toe box pointe shoe. Subjects in each group were given a choice of any variation, brand, or size of shoe, only being restricted on the tapered or square box style. They were expected to train using that shoe, exclusively, over the next six weeks. Each subject’s static proprioception (the Center of Pressure [COP] area [Area95] and reaction velocity [Vavg]) was measured prior to and following their six weeks of standard training using the AMTI AccuSway Plus forceplate. Results:A mixed-design ANOVA showed no effect on static proprioception for either shoe type. Conclusions: The shape of pointe shoe toe boxes does not have an effect on static proprioception in novice ballet dancers in a six week training program. Future research should evaluate these effects over a longer duration to evaluate long-term effects.
Isometric Endurance of Neck Muscles and Muscles for Scapular Positioning in Individuals With and Without Postural Neck Pain
Authors: Guru Karthikeyan , Praveen Nazhath , Selvamani K.
Published: September 2021

Postural neck pain results from poor posture, arising through the sustained, long term, abnormal physiological loads imposed on the neck with a consequent reduction in neck and scapular muscle strength. The purpose of this study was to compare isometric muscle endurance in the neck and scapulothoracic region in individuals with and without postural neck pain. Methodology: Twenty-five patients between 20 to 50 years old with postural neck pain were chosen from the out-patient departments of Srinivas College of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Centre and Government Wenlock Hospital, Mangalore, and 25 healthy age matched individuals from society. The Neck Disability Index (NDI) for patients, isometric Neck Flexor Endurance (NFE), Scapular Muscle Endurance (SME), Neck Extensor Endurance (NEE), and pain using a visual analogue scale (VAS) for subjects in both groups were measured. Results: Highly significant differences in NFE (t = -7.704 and p < 0.001) and SME (t = 6.147 and p = 0.05) while no significant difference in NEE (t = -13.027 and p > 0.05) were found between symptomatic and asymptomatic groups. Furthermore, correlations were found between NFE and VAS (r = 0.521), NEE and NDI (r = -0.709), and NEE and VAS (r = -0.411) while no correlation (p > 0.05) was found between SME and VAS (r = 0.051), NFE and NDI (r = 0.163), and SME and NDI (r = -0.110). Conclusion: It is concluded that there is a significant decrease in isometric endurance of neck muscles and muscles for scapular positioning in neck pain patients. Pain and disability are the significantly affecting factors of isometric endurance of neck muscles and muscles for scapular positioning in postural neck pain patients.
The Effect of a Single Session of Whole Body Vibration on Mobility, Lower Limb Joint Position Sense and Balance of Community Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Jones Anne , Gordon Susan , Sealey Rebecca
Published: September 2021

Objectives: To determine the effects of a single episode of whole body vibration among community dwelling older adults on balance, mobility, and joint position sense. Methods: Thirty six adults over the age of 50 were recruited and underwent measurement of single limb stance for right and left legs, Timed Up and Go test, and joint position sense of the knee before and after a single episode of Whole Body Vibration (WBV) using a frequency of 6Hz, amplitude of 5mm, applied for ten minutes. Results: There was a statistically significant change in single limb balance for both the right and left legs following the single episode of WBV. There was no statistically significant change in timed up and go and joint position sense following WBV. Conclusions: A single episode of WBV for ten minutes, at 6Hz and 5mm peak to peak amplitude, had an effect on single limb balance, but no effect on joint position sense or mobility.
Warfarin Induced Generalized Dermatitis – A Case Study
Authors: Floyd Corinne , Leung Simon
Published: September 2021

Despite bleeding concerns, other non-bleeding events can also occur from warfarin therapy. These non-bleeding events, occurring in less than 1%, include but are not limit to skin necrosis, “purple toe syndrome,” and dermatologic hypersensitivity reactions. Dermatologic adverse reactions from warfarin are uncommon and rarely reported in the literature. In this article, a rare case is described of warfarin induced generalized dermatitis in a 73-year-old female patient who was admitted for COPD exacerbation but later had paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (CHADS2 score of 2) and experienced an acute dermatological reaction during the initial and subsequent re-challenge of warfarin therapy. Both episodes of hypersensitivity reaction were managed by standard support care. The purpose of this communication is to increase awareness of this adverse event, review prior case studies, and address alternative anticoagulation agents in the event of a similar dermatologic reaction. To our knowledge, this is the first report of warfarin induced generalized dermatitis.
Allied Health Students’ Perceptions of Class Difficulty: The Case of Undergraduate Human Anatomy and Physiology Classes
Authors: Sturges Diana , Mauner Trent
Published: September 2021

Purpose: The Human Anatomy and Physiology (HAP) course is required of all allied health majors. Students need to earn a grade of “C” or better, and many students find this class academically challenging. This study investigated allied health students’ perceptions of what makes the undergraduate class difficult. Methods: A 28-question survey targeted 403 students enrolled in three HAP sections taught by the same instructor. Results: Students returned 279 surveys (68% return rate). Qualitative and quantitative data supported a three factor model in making this class difficult: discipline, student, and teaching related factors. Students consider that discipline factors are more important than student and teaching factors. Conclusions and Recommendations: Results suggest that instructors can help students by paying more attention to diagrams and graphs, engaging students by using active methods of learning, and identifying students who consider this class “extremely” difficult.
Immediate Effect of Posture Correction of Trapezius Activity in Computer Users Having Neck Pain – An Electromyographic Analysis
Authors: Kaur Kanwalpreet , Das Pooja , Lenka P. , Anwer Shahhawaz
Published: September 2021

Objectives: Aberrant activity of the trapezius muscle and associated postural abnormalities have been identified as potential factors for neck pain in computer users, thus postural correction is often advocated. The purpose of this trial was to examine the effect of specific scapular postural correction exercises on middle and lower trapezius activity. Methods: Sixty participants matched for the duration of daily computer use were included in the study. Twenty had no neck pain and exhibited “good” scapular posture (constituting Control group C), while forty reported pain (Neck Disability Index ≥ 15/100) for ≥ 3 months over 12 month period. The latter were randomly allocated to one of the two groups (A and B). Electromyographic recordings were taken from the middle and lower trapezius at rest and during typing. After 20-minutes of typing participants in group A (n=20) practiced scapular postural correction exercises while participants in group B (n=20) relaxed. Electromyographic recordings were repeated in a second typing task. Results: Following correction of the scapular posture in group A, middle trapezius activity became similar to the control group (P = 0.229) with no effect on lower trapezius activity (P < 0.001). Significant normalization did not occur after relaxation exercises (P = 0.004). Conclusion: Intermittent scapular postural correction exercises were effective in altering the middle and lower trapezius activity during computer use and may be advised for prevention of neck pain.
Systematic Desensitization of Hyperacusis and Vocal Pitch Disorder Treatment in a Patient with Autism
Authors: Steigner Jim , Ruhlin Susan
Published: September 2021

Background: Hyperacusis is the difference in dB between a normal threshold of audibility for a stimulus and the dB level at which that stimulus becomes intolerably loud. Some persons with autism exhibit symptoms of hyperacusis possibly attributable to phobias to auditory stimuli. Desensitization procedures have been used as a treatment for phobias and appear a promising treatment for patients with autism and hyperacusis. Methods: Our participant was a 26 year old male previously diagnosed Asperger's syndrome who presented with hyperacusis to low-pitched voices and a concomitant vocal disorder manifesting mainly as high vocal pitch. Despite not fully accepting treatment goals he agreed to treatment in our clinic. A systematic auditory desensitization program was employed to treat hyperacusis, including use of recorded male voices, musical instruments, and environmental sounds. In addition, a modified vocal re-education therapy program was also employed which included instruction on easy onset of phonation, biofeedback, ergonomic progressive imagery relaxation techniques and home exercises to reduce vocal hyperfunction and promote phonatorily efficient breath-stream management. Results: Initial, 7 month, and 13 month hyperacusis measures and voice evaluations were conducted. Hyperacusis evaluations showed our participant's hyperacusis for lower-frequency tones improved by up to 30 dB bilaterally and his hyperacusis for running speech improved 40 dB improved in the right ear and 35 dB in the left ear. His vocal pitch, measured as fundamental vocal frequency, improved from 404.471Hz to 280.78Hz. Conclusions: Our systematic auditory desensitization program decreased our participant's hyperacusis and our modified vocal re-education therapy (VRT) program lowered his vocal pitch. However, the results did not generalize beyond the clinic. The latter may be attributable to our participant's unwillingness to fully accept treatment goals, which may serve as a caveat to future clinicians to consider prognosis prior to making treatment decisions.
Investing in Practice Infrastructure Influences Practice Progress
Authors: Lowe-Heisted Mardi , Adams DeAnn , Giesbrecht Michael , Krahn Esther
Published: September 2021

Purpose: “The Influence of Practice Infrastructure on Practice Progress” was an evaluation review project designed to determine if investment in the infrastructure of an allied health profession would result in improved practice progress within that profession. Practice infrastructure included robust, profession-specific practice councils; local and regional practice leadership; and support for education infrastructure. Method: This review consisted of selecting three professions (psychology, therapeutic recreation, and respiratory therapy) that were at different stages in their practice evolution. Health care providers in these three professions participated in an online survey. Their practice progress was measured against 32 established professional practice benchmarks. Separate focus groups were then conducted in each profession for frontline staff, practice leaders, and operational leaders. Results: The results indicated that the professions with a greater degree of practice infrastructure development scored higher on the practice benchmarks. The project also indicated that a profession’s practice priorities followed a hierarchy of needs that were related to the degree of practice infrastructure in that profession. Conclusions: It was concluded that all three practice infrastructure components are required for optimal practice performance and that the three components are interdependent. There is a need to invest in practice infrastructure, and this is particularly important in a program management model. The risks of not investing in this infrastructure include the loss of professional identify, weak profession advocacy, lack of a common voice, reduced shared decision making, and limited professional growth and development. Ultimately, enhancing practice infrastructure leads to improved practice standardization, clinical integration, and ongoing professional development, which in turn results in improved clinical competencies and outcomes. Future research could focus on the hierarchical placement and status of the regional practice leader positions. It would be interesting to follow one profession longitudinally as components of a professional practice infrastructure are added. The education infrastructure components could be interwoven into the practice goals for the practice leaders and the profession-specific practice councils.
Electronic Practical Skills Assessments in the Health Professions: A Review
Authors: Snodgrass Suzanne , Ashby Samantha , Onyango Laura , Russell Trevor , Rivett Darren
Published: September 2021

Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCEs) evaluate the practical skills of students training in the health professions. OSCEs have several limitations, including a large administrative burden, potential inaccuracies when transferring student scores from paper to electronic mediums, and difficulties providing individualised student feedback. The “eOSCE,” an electronic version of the traditional paper-based OSCE, potentially addresses these issues. In the eOSCE, examiners use electronic means (e.g. computer, personal digital assistant) to record student scores and comments about their performance, and the system provides students with individualised feedback. The literature from 12 databases was searched to identify articles discussing the use of electronic methods for practical skills assessment, focussing on health professions. Thirteen articles described the evaluation of health students’ practical skills using electronic means. This review discusses the types of electronic methods used for practical skills assessments and the advantages and disadvantages of the types of eOSCEs compared to traditional paper-based formats.
Using Learning Style Preferences to Enhance the Education and Training of Allied Health Professionals
Authors: Sinnerton Thomas , Leonard Laurence , Rogers Katherine
Published: September 2021

Paramedics-in-training enter the service from a variety of academic backgrounds; this is similar to a pattern observed in the training of other allied health professions such as nursing. Given the diverse academic backgrounds of these students, the purpose is to investigate how an educator’s awareness of learning style preferences could help students to engage more deeply with the training material and reduce the pattern of shallow learning sometimes observed in these students because of the protocol-nature of certain aspects of the paramedic (and other allied health) courses. By encouraging paramedic trainers and allied health educators to become aware of the various tools available to assess learning style preferences, it is hoped that they would use a variety of teaching strategies when delivering their courses to encompass the many learning style preferences existing among their students. The hope is that by employing these strategies, educators can help students to study according to their learning style preferences, engage more deeply with the course content, and hence improve overall student outcomes for paramedics-in-training and all students in allied health programmes.
Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury: What the Allied Health Professional Needs to Know about this Life -Threatening Hazard of Blood Transfusion
Authors: Collins Kevin , Patterson Thomas
Published: September 2021

Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI) is a rare, life-threatening hazard of blood transfusion. In the intensive care unit, 37% to 44% of admitted patients are transfused with at least one blood component. The opportunity for health professionals and students from nursing, respiratory care, and clinical laboratory science to interact directly with patients receiving a blood transfusion is likely to present itself on a daily basis. It is imperative for those caring for critically ill patients to be fully aware of the clinical signs of TRALI and have knowledge in the prevention and treatment of this clinical syndrome. Common clinical signs of TRALI include cough, fever, and dyspnea. Treatment has been mostly supportive and aimed at reversing acute respiratory distress through oxygen therapy or mechanical ventilation. In 2004, a consensus panel and the U.S. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) working group characterized TRALI as new-onset acute lung injury (ALI) occurring within six hours of transfusion in patients without preexisting ALI. Although the condition is uncommon, knowledge of this clinical syndrome may help identify those patients at risk and may prevent lung injury and possible death due to this rarely encountered hazard of blood transfusion.
Community Peer-Led Exercise Groups: Reasons for Success
Authors: Robertson Linda , Hale Beatrice , Waters Debra , Hale Leigh , Andrew Alexa
Published: September 2021

Purpose: This paper considers reasons for the successful maintenance of community based, falls-prevention programs. While the physical achievement of such programs has been demonstrated through randomized trials, other features influential in ongoing membership have received less attention. This study examined the sustainability of a specific model of a community-based program in a New Zealand city: SAYGO, the strength and balance classes for older adults lead by older volunteer leaders recruited from local communities. Method: A qualitative, descriptive approach was used and first-hand knowledge of the experiences of those involved in the groups gathered. Data collection methods included individual interviews of two group organizers and seven focus groups: six with the members of the exercise groups (57 participants) and one with the peer leaders from these same groups (6 participants). Results: Three major themes emerged from the interviews. Two were related to the outcomes of the groups (ie. physical and social benefits). The third was concerned with the support needs of the groups to ensure their on-going maintenance. The aspect that most invigorated the participants was the social value of the group. Conclusions: A major feature that contributed to the sustainability of the peer led exercise groups was the positive social connectedness created by the modeling of a caring culture by the peer-leaders. This caring culture involves support and inclusion of every member and acting as a resource and confidant for individual issues. Because group leaders are similar in age and physical problems, it is expected that they will empathize with participants, and because of their community and agency links, it is expected that they will be able to act as a resource for information on issues related to the participants, therefore, stand between the formal and informal domains and are perceived to have knowledge and connections in both. This, we suggest, is a major, previously unconsidered feature in the sustainability of these groups.
A Study of Knowledge and Practical Skill Performance in University Students: A Comparison of Technology Enriched versus Traditional Classroom Instruction
Authors: Eads Adrian , Hamson-Utley J. Jordan
Published: September 2021

Context: Technology is increasingly utilized in the delivery of athletic training education. Hand-held technology affords continued education outside the classroom. Purpose: To determine the effect of mobile technology on the acquisition of knowledge and practical skills in a university upper extremity evaluation course. Design and Setting: A cohort retrospective archival assessment in a university office environment of grades and performance on written and practical examinations in an upper extremity evaluation course. Participants: Sixty-four college age participants (male n=35, 54.69%, female n=29, 45.31%) previously enrolled in an undergraduate or graduate athletic training program who completed the upper extremity evaluation course between Spring 2009 and Spring 2012. Main Outcome Measures: Dependent variables included final written examination score, final oral practical examination score, and final grade. The independent variable was the technology-enriched instruction provided using the Flashcards Deluxe application available on Android, Apple iPod Touch, iPhone, or iPad devices. This application allows participants to study electronic flashcards with text, pictures, and sound on a mobile device. The control group did not receive the technology-enriched instruction. Results: A one-way between subjects ANOVA was conducted to compare the effect of technology on final written examination, final oral practical examination, and overall grade. There was a significant effect on the final written examination [F (1,63)= 11.621, p = .001,η²=.158]; however, oral practical examination [F(1,63)=0.348, p=.557,η²=.006] and overall grade [F(1,63)=0.695, p=.408,η²=.011] were not significant. Conclusion: Participants with technology-enriched instruction performed significantly better on their final written examination. Based on the findings, technology-enriched instruction improves a student’s knowledge comprehension of orthopedic principles of evaluation. Student performance was improved on written examinations following the use of electronic flashcards. Based on the findings in this study, technology-enriched instruction improves a student’s comprehension of upper extremity evaluation knowledge. It is reasonable to believe the use of flashcards would assist in student comprehension in other learning areas as well.
Perceptions of Assessment Among Undergraduate and Postgraduate Students of Four Health Science Disciplines
Authors: Wilson Wayne , Bennison Anne , Arnott Wendy , Hughes Clair , Isles Rosemary , Strong Jenny
Published: September 2021

The use of different types of assessment to improve student learning needs to be balanced with reports that student perception, rather than the objective features of the task, significantly influences how students approach learning. The present study surveyed 492 undergraduate and postgraduate students from four health science disciplines (occupational therapy, physiotherapy, speech pathology, and audiology) at a large Australian university on how helpful different types of assessment had been in assisting their learning. Between 73.4% and 90.4% of the students valued practical exams, individual tasks, written assignments, and written exams requiring application of knowledge. Between 29.1% and 59.7% of the students valued oral presentations, group tasks, portfolios, online assessment, and multiple choice exams. Entry level and type of program were found to influence perceptions. Postgraduate students valued tutorial participation more than undergraduate students (p
The Walking Interview: An Ethnographic Approach to Understanding Disability
Authors: Butler Mary , Derrett Sarah
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this paper is to describe a method of interviewing where walking is explicitly the focus. The interviews were one element of a qualitative study, which was part of a multi-method prospective outcomes of injury study. Four participants were purposively chosen for follow up because they had an injury following a pre-existing disability. The results of this study indicate walking as a method of interviewing has the capacity to add depth and richness to the kind of information obtained. The process of walking lends itself a range of affordances, including shifting the power balance implicit in the research relationship; situated cognition describing being in place and time; performativity; and the way that the disabled body is rendered visible through this embodied process. In conclusion, the potential for engaging in activity as a method has not been explored outside of ethnography. It is suggested that this form of interviewing has particular resonance in understanding the world view of people with disability. It is a particularly appropriate method to apply in occupational therapy, which has activity as a prime focus of therapeutic engagement.