bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Artemisitene suppresses rheumatoid arthritis progression via modulating METTL3‐mediated N6‐methyladenosine modification of ICAM2 mRNA in fibroblast‐like synoviocytes
Authors: Chen Jian , Lin Xian , He Juan , Liu Dandan , He Lianhua , Zhang Miaomiao , Luan Huijie , Hu Yiping , Tao Cheng , Wang Qingwen
Published: December 2022

Background

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease. We previously revealed that the natural compound artemisitene (ATT) exhibits excellent broad anticancer activities without toxicity on normal tissues. Nevertheless, the effect of ATT on RA is undiscovered. Herein, we aim to study the effect and potential mechanism of ATT on RA management.

Methods

A collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model was employed to confirm the anti‐RA potential of ATT. Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8) and 5‐ethynyl‐2'‐deoxyuridine (EdU) assays, cell cycle and apoptosis analysis, immunofluorescence, migration and invasion assays, quantitative real‐time PCR (RT‐qPCR), Western blot, RNA‐sequencing (RNA‐seq) analysis, plasmid construction and lentivirus infection, and methylated RNA immunoprecipitation and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, were carried out to confirm the effect and potential mechanism of ATT on RA management.

Results

ATT relieved CIA in mice. ATT inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of RA‐fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLSs). ATT restrained RA‐FLSs migration and invasion via suppressing epithelial–mesenchymal transition. RNA‐sequencing analysis and bioinformatics analysis identified intercellular adhesion molecule 2 (ICAM2) as a promoter of RA progression in RA‐FLSs. ATT inhibits RA progression by suppressing ICAM2/phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/p300 pathway in RA‐FLSs. Moreover, ATT inhibited methyltransferase‐like 3 (METTL3)‐mediated N6‐methyladenosine methylation of ICAM2 mRNA in RA‐FLSs. Interestingly, p300 directly facilitated METTL3 transcription, which could be restrained by ATT in RA‐FLSs. Importantly, METTL3, ICAM2 and p300 expressions in synovium tissues of RA patients were related to clinical characteristics and therapy response.

Conclusions

We provided strong evidence that ATT has therapeutic potential for RA management by suppressing proliferation, migration and invasion, in addition to inducing apoptosis of RA‐FLSs through modulating METTL3/ICAM2/PI3K/AKT/p300 feedback loop, supplying the fundamental basis for the clinical application of ATT in RA therapy. Moreover, METTL3, ICAM2 and p300 might serve as biomarkers for the therapy response of RA patients.
Flow visualization simulation of cemented tailings backfill slurry by particle tracking technology
Authors: Sun Haikuan , Gan Deqing , Xue Zhenlin , Zhang Yajie
Published: December 2022

Pipeline flow visualization of cemented tailings backfill slurry (CTBS) improves the safety and stability of transportation. High turbidity and low resolution make it difficult for conventional methods to monitor the particle distribution state of CTBS in a short period of time. Particle tracking technology (PTT) is used to simulate and investigate the flow characteristics of CTBS pipeline, combine with theoretical analysis to construct a CTBS pipeline visualization model, elaborate the particle distribution state when CTBS flows in the pipeline, and explore the effects of pipe diameter (PD), flow velocity (FV) and tailings gradation (TG) on the particle distribution. The results show that particle tracking technology is better applied to investigate the particle transport distribution characteristics of CTBS tailings. Three concepts of particle accumulated gravity Ga, static friction angle θ and diameter dividing line are defined, and the transport pipe is divided into light wear zone, medium wear zone and heavy wear zone. The increase in pipe diameter increases the content of fine particles at the pipe wall and the thickness of the lubrication layer becomes larger, which improves the safety and stability of CTBS transport. The increased flow velocity reduces the settling phenomenon of large size particles and improves the transport efficiency, which increases the pipeline transport resistance. Under good tailings grading conditions, a wide range of tailings grading is more suitable as backfill material. The results of the study illustrate the flow characteristics of the backfill slurry in the pipeline from the particle perspective and provide a theoretical basis for pipeline transportation research.
Verification of the behaviour factors proposed in the second generation of Eurocode 8 for cross‐laminated timber buildings
Authors: Rinaldi Vincenzo , Casagrande Daniele , Fragiacomo Massimo
Published: December 2022

After 20 years since the publication of the Eurocodes, in 2012, the European Commission gave mandate to the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) to develop a second generation of Eurocodes. Among the different parts of Eurocodes, a substantial revision process has been undertaken for the seismic design rules of timber buildings included in Eurocode 8 (EC8). In particular, a major effort has been made to implement the design rules for Cross‐Laminated Timber (CLT) buildings and to define the behaviour factors q for such structural type. The choice of the behaviour factor q for CLT buildings in the new “timber” chapter of EC8 has been made by examining several proposals available in literature. Most of these studies were not referred to any specific design provision and certainly could not have followed the design rules drafted in the second generation of Eurocodes. This paper presents a study aimed to verify whether the proposed values of the behaviour factors q are consistent with the attained seismic performances of CLT buildings designed in accordance with the new “timber chapter” of EC8. Parametric non‐linear static (pushover) analyses and a risk‐consistent approach, based on the use of Incremental Dynamic Analyses (IDA) and fragility curves were conducted to evaluate the performance of a few selected archetypes. The results obtained from the analyses and the risk‐consistent approach showed that the proposed values of q‐factor for CLT buildings in second generation of Eurocode, namely 2.30 and 3.20 for a ductility class 2 (DC2) and 3 (DC3) respectively, can be reasonably accepted.
Protecting Health after Dobbs
Authors: Clark Brietta R.
Published: December 2022

In Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization, the Supreme Court eliminated the long‐standing federal constitutional right to abortion. Discussions of Dobbs tend to emphasize the loss of protection for reproductive choice. But Dobbs also eroded protection for a related yet distinctly important interest that served under Roe v. Wade as a check on government regulation of reproduction: the preservation of health. This erasure has opened the door to increasingly restrictive and punitive abortion bans, which are causing providers to deny or delay care that is necessary to prevent harm to both pregnant and nonpregnant patients. Federal regulatory attempts to prevent these harms will have limited impact, partially due to Congress's own history of exceptionalizing abortion in ways that devalue health. Only federal legislation can ensure adequate and enduring protection for the health of women, trans men, and other patients targeted for reproductive control because of their capacity for pregnancy.
Exploring the Ethics of the Parental Role in Parent‐Clinician Conflict
Authors: Moore Bryanna , McDougall Rosalind
Published: December 2022

In pediatric health care, parents and clinicians sometimes have competing ideas of what should be done for a child. In this article, we explore the idea that notions of what should be done for a child partly depend on one's perception of one's role in the child's life and care. Although role‐based appeals are common in health care, role‐differentiated approaches to understanding parent‐clinician conflicts are underexplored in the pediatric bioethics literature. We argue that, while the parental role is recognized as having social content or value, and sometimes legal force, it is not always recognized as having ethical content or value, as the clinician's role is. We draw together key insights from the normative and empirical literature on parental roles to show how a role‐based lens might inform clinicians’ and clinical ethicists’ approach to cases in which parents and clinicians disagree.
Spin‐Filtering in a p‐Orbital Helical Atomic Chain
Authors: Utsumi Yasuhiro , Kato Takemitsu , Entin‐Wohlman Ora , Aharony Amnon
Published: December 2022

We theoretically analyze spin filtering in two‐terminal systems, induced by the spin‐orbit interaction (SOI), as a possible origin of the “chirality‐induced spin selectivity” (CISS) effect observed experimentally in chiral molecules, such as DNA. Due to Bardarson's theorem, spin filtering cannot be realized in a molecule containing one orbital‐channel. However, when two orbitals are involved, SOI can induce spin filtering in a molecule coupled to two terminals without braking time‐reversal symmetry. In particular, we provide an example of a
reflection matrix for a spinful electron passing through a molecule containing two orbital‐channels, which complies with Bardarson's theorem and produces a finite spin conductance. As a microscopic toy model realizing a single strand of DNA, we consider a p‐orbital helical atomic chain with intra‐atomic SOI's and a strong crystalline field along the helix. This model exhibits two‐orbital spin filtering: For various parameters preserving the helical symmetry, the model hosts spin asymmetric states carrying pairs of up and down spins propagating in opposite directions. The typical energy scale of the helical states is the product of the intra‐atomic SOI and the curvature. The spin filtering mechanism is associated with the intra‐atomic SOI, which would be larger than the inter‐atomic SOI. In this respect, the present model may be a more likely candidate for the CISS in organic material than other models associated with the inter‐atomic SOI.
Comparison of photocatalytic and antibacterial activities of allotropes of graphene doped Sm2O3 nanocomposites: Optical, thermal, and structural studies
Authors: Javaid Arooj , Farrukh Muhammad Akhyar
Published: December 2022

This study mainly focuses on the synthesis of two allotropes of graphene, graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), by the modified Hummers' method and chemical reduction method, respectively. Sm2O3/GO and Sm2O3/rGO nanocomposites were further synthesized in the presence of the cationic surfactant CTAB via the sol–gel method followed by the reflux method. Synthesized nanocomposites were subjected to characterization by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and UV–Visible spectroscopy to explore structural, thermal, optical, and photocatalytic properties. Characteristic FTIR peaks were observed in nanocomposites, and the bond length of the Sm‐O bond was calculated. The Coats‐Redfern method was employed to calculate the kinetics and thermodynamic parameters. Hexagonal crystallite shapes of Sm2O3/GO and Sm2O3/rGO nanocomposites with 11.8 and 13.13 nm crystallite sizes and 3.9 and 2.5 eV optical band gaps were observed. The photocatalytic efficiency of Sm2O3/GO and Sm2O3/rGO nanocomposites was assessed against the degradation of methylene blue in the presence of sunlight, and its degradation was confirmed through FTIR. The antimicrobial activities were also performed against the bacterial strains Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus.
Stimulated emission cross sections and temperature‐dependent spectral shifts of neutral nitrogen‐vacancy centers in diamonds
Authors: Yang Teng‐I , Azuma Terumitsu , Huang Yu‐Wen , Hui Yuen Yung , Chiang Cheng‐Tien , Chang Huan‐Cheng
Published: December 2022

The neutral nitrogen‐vacancy (NV0) defects in diamond are photostable color centers, suitable for a wide range of applications in science and engineering. However, the photophysical properties of the centers have not yet been fully characterized. This work measured the stimulated emission cross sections of NV0 in a single‐crystal diamond by two‐photon excitation of its matrix at 344 nm. From the measured photoluminescence spectrum and the fluorescence lifetime of 20 ± 1 ns, we determined a peak stimulated emission cross section of 1.43 ± 0.07 × 10−17 cm2 at 650 nm for the NV0 centers. In addition, we have also examined the thermal shifts of the zero‐phonon line of NV0 centers in nanoscale diamonds (~100 nm in diameter) over the temperature range of 30–120°C. A temperature measurement sensitivity of 0.2 K·Hz−1/2 was achieved, which is about two‐fold better than that of NV−, despite that the fluorescence intensity of NV0 is about six‐fold lower than that of NV− in the same nanoparticles. The result is attributed to the smaller electron–phonon coupling strength of the neutral center, compared with its negatively charged counterpart.
Palmitic acid methyl ester induces cardiac hypertrophy through activating the GPR receptor‐mediated changes of intracellular calcium concentrations and mitochondrial functions
Authors: Lien Chih‐Feng , Chiu Hung‐Wen , Lee Wen‐Sen , Lin Jian‐Hong , Wang Yi‐Shun , Ting Pei‐Ching , Luo Yu‐Po , Chang Jui‐Chih , Yang Kun‐Ta
Published: December 2022

Myocardial hypertrophy is associated with a significant increase in intracellular Ca2+, which can be induced by long‐chain fatty acid. Palmitic acid methyl ester (PAME), a fatty acid ester released from adipose tissue, superior cervical ganglion, and retina, has been found to have anti‐inflammation, antifibrosis, and peripheral vasodilation effects. However, the effects of PAME on cardiomyocytes are still unclear. The aim of this study was to determine whether PAME could disrupt the intracellular Ca2+ balance, leading to cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were treated with various concentrations (10–100 μM) of PAME for 1–4 days. Cytosolic Ca2+ and mitochondrial Ca2+ concentrations were examined using Fura‐2 AM and Rhod‐2, respectively. After treatment with PAME for 4 days, mitochondrial Ca2+, an indicator of the state of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP), and cell death were monitored by flow cytometric analysis. ATP levels were detected using the ATP assay kit. Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was analyzed by measuring the cardiac hypertrophy biomarker and cell area using quantitative real time‐polymerase chain reaction, Western Blot analysis and immunofluorescence analysis. Our results show that PAME concentration‐ and time‐dependently increased cytosolic and mitochondria Ca2+ through the mitochondrial calcium uniporter. Moreover, treatment with PAME for 4 days caused MPTP opening, thereby reducing ATP production and enhancing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and finally led to cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. These effects caused by PAME treatment were attenuated by the G‐protein coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) inhibitor. In conclusion, PAME impaired mitochondrial function, which in turn led to cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through increasing the mitochondrial Ca2+ levels mediated by activating the GPR40 signaling pathway.
Evolutionary adaptation of bovine coronavirus (BCoV): Screening of natural recombinations across the complete genomes
Authors: Bahoussi Amina N. , Shah Pir T. , Guo Yan‐Yan , Liu Yue , Wu Changxin , Xing Li
Published: December 2022

Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is a member of pathogenic Betacoronaviruses that has been circulating for several decades in multiple host species. Given the similarity between BCoV and human coronaviruses, the current study aimed to review the complete genomes of 107 BCoV strains available on the GenBank database, collected between 1983 and 2017 from different countries. The maximum‐likelihood based phylogenetic analysis revealed three main BCoV genogroups: GI, GII, and GIII. GI is further divided into nine subgenogroups: GI‐a to GI‐i. The GI‐a to GI‐d are restricted to Japan, and GI‐e to GI‐i to the USA. The evolutionary relationships were also inferred using phylogenetic network analysis, revealing two major distinct networks dominated by viruses identified in the USA and Japan, respectively. The USA strains‐dominated Network Cluster includes two sub‐branches: France/Germany and Japan/China in addition to the United States, while Japan strains‐dominated Network Cluster is limited to Japan. Twelve recombination events were determined, including 11 intragenogroup (GI) and one intergenogroup (GII vs. GI‐g). The breakpoints of the recombination events were mainly located in ORF1ab and the spike glycoprotein ORF. Interestingly, 10 of 12 recombination events occurred between Japan strains, one between the USA strains, and one from intercontinental recombination (Japan vs. USA). These findings suggest that geographical characteristics, and population density with closer contact, might significantly impact the BCoV infection and co‐infection and boost the emergence of more complex virus lineages.
On the double‐robustness and semiparametric efficiency of matching‐adjusted indirect comparisons
Authors: Cheng David , Tchetgen Eric Tchetgen , Signorovitch James
Published: December 2022

Matching‐adjusted indirect comparison (MAIC) enables indirect comparisons of interventions across separate studies when individual patient‐level data (IPD) are available for only one study. Due to its similarity with propensity score weighting, it has been speculated that MAIC can be combined with outcome regression models in the spirit of augmented inverse probability weighting estimators to improve robustness and efficiency. We show that MAIC enjoys intrinsic double‐robustness and semiparametric efficiency properties for estimating the average treatment effect on the treated in the limited IPD setting without explicit augmentation. A connection between MAIC and the method of simulated treatment comparisons is highlighted. These results clarify conditions under which MAIC is consistent and efficient, informing appropriate application and interpretation of MAIC analyses.
Wetland occupancy by duck broods in cropland‐dominated landscapes of the United States Prairie Pothole Region
Authors: Mitchell Blake J. , Terry Catrina V. , Ringelman Kevin M. , Kemink Kaylan M. , Anteau Michael J. , Janke Adam K.
Published: December 2022

The Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) is globally important for breeding waterfowl but has been altered via wetland drainage and grassland conversion to accommodate agricultural land use. Thus, understanding the ecology of waterfowl in these highly modified landscapes is essential for their conservation. Brood occurrence is the cumulative outcome of key life‐history events including pair formation and territory establishment, nest success, and early brood survival. We applied new technological advances in brood surveying methods to understand brood use of wetlands and how land use and wetland‐specific factors influenced brood use of 413 wetlands in crop‐dominated landscapes in the PPR of Iowa, Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota, USA, during summers of 2018–2020. Dynamic occupancy models combining information from 2 visits throughout the year revealed no difference among the 4 states or between private and public lands, resulting in a region‐wide annual wetland occupancy estimate of 0.41 (95% credible interval [CrI] = 0.26, 0.58). We assessed aquatic invertebrate forage availability, wetland and upland vegetation communities, and various water chemistry metrics in a subset (n = 225) of these wetlands to evaluate how landscape and wetland‐specific factors influenced occupancy. The amount of grassland surrounding wetlands was the only variable to influence occupancy at a landscape scale, while wetland size, invertebrates, fish, and vegetation communities influenced occupancy at finer scales. Closer scrutiny of wetland area revealed occupancy was greater in small wetlands after controlling for total wetland area. Our results indicate the greatest constraint on brood occupancy across crop‐dominated landscapes of the PPR in the United States was the occurrence of semipermanent wetlands suitable for brood rearing. Other factors, such as wetland vegetation or surrounding land use, had minor intervening influences on duck brood use and ducks were distributed invariant of wetland ownership or broad spatial processes occurring among states. These results demonstrated wetland conservation and restoration strategies are likely to yield gains in annual duck broods across this vast, altered, and highly modified landscape.
Management of the maintenance process in social housing: A case study
Authors: Corallo Angelo , Lazoi Mariangela , Malagnino Ada , Mangia Mattia , Mangialardi Giovanna , Sarcinella Marco Lucio
Published: December 2022

Digital transformation of private and public entities is a process strongly encouraged by the European Commission. The social housing sector, which provides long‐term housing or subsidies for vulnerable households, struggles to reach a good digitalization level and needs specific solutions that address its technical, financial, and administrative peculiarities. Indeed, the social housing sector often faces issues related to insufficient available funds that can be used for optimizing assets' maintenance operations, ensuring the safety and wellbeing of building occupants with better management of financial resources. Furthermore, it is not a widely explored area by the research community. To provide digital solutions for innovating the management of the property assets and, specifically, the maintenance activities for social housing, the paper presents a case study from the Italian social housing system. Current available processes, data, and information systems are explored to propose a solution for the visualization and management of collected data at the provincial, municipality, and building levels. The main purpose is to support decision makers for maintenance activities. Scholars and practitioners in this research field can benefit from the proposed solution to lead actions for the digital transition of the social housing sector.
Desertification vulnerability under accelerated dryland expansion
Authors: Sun Chuanlian , Feng Xiaoming , Fu Bojie , Ma Shijun
Published: December 2022

Given accelerated dryland expansion, studies on aridity‐driven desertification are of great importance for advancing our understanding of land degradation mechanisms and developing possible mitigation measures. However, the mechanism by which increased aridity drives ecosystems toward desertification and the impacts of aridity on desertification vulnerability both in space and over time remain unclear. Here, we collected eight key ecosystem structure/functioning data (including soil, vegetation, and animal) for threshold identification using piecewise linear models, and then linked them to biome shifts to explore the process of aridity‐driven desertification. The results show that ecosystems along aridity index (AI, 1 − precipitation/potential evapotranspiration) gradients experience three vulnerable stages featuring different threshold and biome responses: a low vulnerability stage (AI: 0.5–0.65; mainly featuring a soil fertility loss and a forest decline), a moderate vulnerability stage (AI: 0.65–0.75; mainly featuring accelerated non‐forest vegetation degradation) and a high vulnerability stage (AI: 0.75–1; mainly featuring rapid overall land degradation). According to further simulations, areas with low to high vulnerability account for 31% of the global terrestrial area, which is projected to increase by 18.8% (21.2%) by the end of the 21st century under the greenhouse gas emission scenario SSP2‐4.5 (SSP3‐7.0). Given increased vulnerability and population growth, Africa and East Asia are exposed to great desertification risk and ensuing contradiction between humans and land. These findings can provide a theoretical and practical reference for ecosystem management and policy development, which are critical for dryland ecological security and human welfare in areas threatened by desertification.
Effects of straw returning and nitrogen addition on soil quality of a coastal saline soil: A field study of four consecutive wheat‐maize cycles
Authors: Yang Hongjun , Xia Jiangbao , Xie Wenjun , Wei Shoucai , Cui Qian , Shao Pengshuai , Sun Jingkuan , Dong Kaikai , Qi Xingchao
Published: December 2022

The effects of different straw returning and nitrogen addition levels on soil quality are important for proper coastal saline soil remediation. However, relatively little is understood concerning the remediation effects, especially, on long‐term effects and mineral composition and microstructures of coastal saline soil. Two maize/wheat straw returning levels [1.0 × 104 kg ha−1(2S) and 5.0 × 103 kg ha−1(S)] and three inorganic nitrogen addition levels [300 kg ha−1(N2), 150 kg ha−1(N) and 75 kg ha−1(N1/2)]—were studied, with 150 kg ha−1inorganic nitrogen and without straw addition treatment as the control (CK), to elucidate the response of soil physical and chemical properties to the two factors. After four consecutive wheat‐maize cycles, different straw and N fertilizer treatments obviously decreased the salinity contents, increased the total nutrient contents, and optimized the soil structure of the saline soil. The saline soil reclamation effects showed significant distinctions among the different straw and N fertilizer treatments. The 2SN2 treatment displayed the greatest effects in regard to reducing salinity, increasing the total soil nutrient contents and optimizing the soil structure, which resulted in the best remediation effect. Straw returning plays a major role in decreasing soil salinity and enhancing saline soil aggregate formation. N fertilizer addition supplies rich nutrients for straw decomposition, and promotes soil microbial growth and reproduction, which brought about C sequestration in coastal saline soil. During the coastal saline soil remediation process in the Yellow River Delta, it is suggested to prioritize straw returning and moderate N fertilizer addition, and live together with moderate P fertilizer application.
Distribution and stability of Mn complexes in the ocean: Influence of hydrothermal plumes and weather events
Authors: Thibault de Chanvalon Aubin , Luther George W. , Oldham Véronique E. , Tebo Bradley M. , Coffey Nicole R. , Shaw Timothy F.
Published: December 2022

We measured the speciation of dissolved Mn from the surface to just above the hydrothermal vents at 9°50′N East Pacific Rise in the open ocean of the Pacific over a 3‐week period. Total dissolved Mn concentrations ranged from 2.2 to 135 nmol L−1 with a significant contribution of dissolved Mn(III) bound to humic acid in one third of our samples representing up to 64% of the total dissolved Mn. These humic complexes were mostly detected in the hydrothermal vent plume and at the redox boundaries of the oxygen minimum zone in the water column. In the hydrothermal plume, the Mn(III)‐humic acid stabilized the manganese in solution up to a ~ 10,000‐fold dilution of the venting water. In the upper water column, Mn(III)‐humic acid was only detected after a squall and rain event, which indicates that it is a transient species, persistent over days to weeks. This temporal variability highlights the importance of non‐steady‐state processes in the open ocean, which may help to explain previous observations of a dissolved Mn maximum within oceanic oxygen minimum zones.
Evolutionary game analysis of big data discriminatory pricing diffusion based on the supervision of relevant interest parties
Authors: Chai JiWen , Wang LiHao
Published: December 2022

The use of big data technology is significant for the market competition of two‐side enterprises. However, big data technology is likely to become a tool for discriminatory pricing, causing damage to the benefit‐relevant parties. This paper constructs a four party evolutionary game model between two‐side enterprises, governments, suppliers, and consumers. Lotka–Volterra model is introduced to explore the evolutionary impact of the supervisory behaviors of the benefit‐relevant parties on the diffusion of big data discriminatory pricing (BDDP) in two‐side enterprises. Using MATLAB simulation tools, the evolution game and diffusion evolution model are mathematically deduced, and the analogue simulation is used for correlation analysis. This paper can help two‐side enterprises, governments, suppliers, and consumers better understand the diffusion law of BDDP and more accurately predict the development of it. At the same time, it provides a quantitative theoretical basis for the reasonable decision‐making of governments, suppliers, and consumers.
BRANN forecast of superalloy tensile strength versus Larson–Miller parameter relation and its approximation by a sigmoidal function
Authors: Tarasov Dmitry , Tyagunov Andrey , Milder Oleg
Published: December 2022

Nickel‐based superalloys are unique materials with complex doping that demonstrate excellent resistance to mechanical and chemical degradation. Over a long period of use in industry, a variety of information has been accumulated about their possible chemical compounds and features corresponding to a certain composition. One of the main service properties of the alloy is the tensile strength (σ). For a more convenient comparison of the characteristics of the alloys with different chemical compositions, the temperature and holding time of the metal during testing are often combined into a complex Larson–Miller parameter (PLM). The availability of experimental or simulated data on the alloys' properties in the entire range of temperatures and exposures would significantly expand the possibilities of the alloy applications and would allow a more accurate evaluation and comparison of the alloys. In this work, we use a machine learning method for modeling the properties of the alloys according to their composition. A Bayesian regularized artificial neural network was engaged to simulate missing tensile strength values for 278 superalloys. Special data preprocessing and the use of an ensemble of networks during training reduced the model error. Comparison of the predicted and experimental data showed excellent convergence. The method made it possible to obtain enough data to approximate the relation
with a sigmoid function. The slope coefficient is considered as a quantitative expression of the thermal stability of the superalloys.
Undergraduate school psychology courses: A potential tool for diversifying the field of school psychology?
Authors: Bocanegra Joel O. , Grapin Sally L. , Zhang Yanchen , Gubi Aaron A.
Published: December 2022

Minoritized populations have historically been underrepresented within school psychology. Furthermore, school psychology is in the midst of what has been termed the shortages crisis. Previous research suggests that undergraduate psychology students have little knowledge or exposure to school psychology as compared with other branches of professional psychology. Research suggests that increased knowledge and exposure to school psychology is related to increased intentions to pursue school psychology. Scholars have advocated for the creation of undergraduate school psychology courses to increase exposure to school psychology. However, to our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the effectiveness of such courses. This study took place at a highly diverse northeastern public university and included 210 undergraduate students who were enrolled in an undergraduate school psychology course. Participants were asked to complete measures examining their knowledge, exposure, self‐efficacy, outcome expectations, and choice intentions for school psychology at the beginning and end of the course. Results indicate that students enrolled in school psychology courses demonstrated significant increases in perceived knowledge, exposure, self‐efficacy, and outcome expectations for school psychology. In addition, minoritized students demonstrated significantly greater increase in their knowledge and self‐efficacy after course completion than nonminoritized students. Implications for minoritized and general recruitment are discussed.
COP1 mutation causes low leaf temperature under various abiotic stresses in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Kim Joo Yong , Lee Seung Ju , Min Wang Ki , Cha Seoyeon , Song Jong Tae , Seo Hak Soo
Published: December 2022

Stomata are microscopic pores on epidermal cells of leaves and stems that regulate water loss and gas exchange between the plant and its environment. Constitutive photomorphogenic 1 (COP1) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that is involved in plant growth and development and multiple abiotic stress responses by regulating the stability of various target proteins. However, little is known about how COP1 controls stomatal aperture and leaf temperature under various environmental conditions. Here, we show that COP1 participates in leaf temperature and stomatal closure regulation under normal and stress conditions in Arabidopsis. Leaf temperature of cop1 mutants was relatively lower than that of wild type (WT) under drought, salt, and heat stress and after abscisic acid (ABA), CaCl2, and H2O2 treatments. However, leaf temperature was generally higher in both WT and cop1 mutants after abiotic stress and chemical treatment than that of untreated WT and cop1 mutants. Stomatal aperture was wider in cop1 mutants than that in WT under all conditions tested, although the extent of stomatal closure varied between WT and cop1 mutants. Under dark conditions, leaf temperature was also lower in cop1 mutants than that in WT. Expression of the genes encoding ABA receptors, ABA biosynthesis proteins, positive regulators of stomatal closure and heat tolerance, and ABA‐responsive proteins was lower in cop1 mutants that that in WT. In addition, expression of respiration‐related genes was lower in cop1 mutants that that in WT. Taken together, the data provide evidence that mutations in COP1 lead to wider stomatal aperture and higher leaf temperature under normal and stress conditions, indicating that leaf temperature is highly correlated with stomatal aperture.
Blue‐light‐induced atom transfer radical polymerization enabled by iron/copper dual catalysis
Authors: Schild Dirk J. , Bem Juliana , Szczepaniak Grzegorz , Jazani Arman Moini , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof
Published: December 2022

Photoinduced initiators for continuous activator regeneration atom transfer radical polymerization (PICAR ATRP) using sodium pyruvate and blue light (λmax = 456 nm) is reported. Water‐soluble oligo(ethylene oxide) methyl ether methacrylate (OEOMA500) was polymerized under biologically relevant conditions. Polymerizations were conducted with 1000 ppm (with respect to the monomer) concentrations of CuBr2, tris(2‐pyridylmethyl)amine, and 1000 ppm or less FeCl3 as a cocatalyst in water. Well‐defined polymers with up to 90% monomer conversion, high molecular weights (Mn > 190,000), and low dispersity (1.14 < Ð < 1.19) were synthesized in less than 60 min. The polymerization rate and dispersity were tuned by varying the concentration of sodium pyruvate (SP), iron, and supporting halide, as well as light intensity. The Cu/Fe dual catalysis provided oxygen tolerance enabling rapid, well‐controlled, aqueous PICAR ATRP of OEOMA500 without deoxygenation.
Examining elementary science teachers' responses to assessments tasks designed to measure their content knowledge for teaching about matter and its interactions
Authors: Mikeska Jamie N. , Cisterna Dante , Lakhani Heena , Bookbinder Allison K. , Myers David L. , Vaval Luronne
Published: December 2022

Despite the importance of developing elementary science teachers' content knowledge for teaching (CKT), there are limited assessments that have been designed to measure the full breadth of their CKT at scale. Our overall research project addressed this gap by developing an online assessment to measure elementary preservice teachers' CKT about matter and its interactions. This study, which was part of our larger project, reports on findings from one component of the item development process examining the construct validity of 118 different CKT about matter assessment items. In this study, 86 elementary teachers participated in cognitive interviews to examine: (a) the knowledge and reasoning they used when responding to these CKT about matter assessment items and (b) the nature of the content challenges and the content teaching challenges they encountered. Findings showed that over 80% of participant interview responses indicated that the CKT about matter items functioned as hypothesized, providing evidence to support future use of these items on a large‐scale assessment and in studies of science teachers' CKT. When responding to the items, participants showed evidence of four main challenges with the science content: (a) using scientific concepts to reason about science tasks, (b) using adequate evidence to reason about science phenomenon, (c) drawing upon examples of scientific phenomena, and (d) drawing upon science vocabulary. Findings also showed that participants experienced challenges regarding the following content teaching aspects when responding to these items: (a) connecting to key scientific concepts involved in the work of teaching science, (b) attending to instructional goal(s), and (c) recognizing features of grade‐level appropriateness. Implications for using CKT items as part of large‐scale science assessment systems and identifying areas to target in elementary science teachers' CKT development are addressed.
Multi‐Level Information Encryption/Decryption of Fluorescent Hydrogels Based on Spatially Programmed Crystal Phases
Authors: Lan Xinyi , Xu Shanshan , Sun Chenxuan , Zheng Ying , Wang Bao , Shan Guorong , Bao Yongzhong , Yu Chengtao , Pan Pengju
Published: December 2022

The growing urgence of information protection promotes continuously the development of information‐encryption technique. To date, hydrogels have become an emerging candidate for advanced information‐encryption materials, because of their unique stimulus responsiveness. However, current methods to design multi‐level information‐encrypted hydrogels usually need sophisticated chemistry or experimental setup. Herein, a novel strategy is reported to fabricate hydrogels with multi‐level information encryption/decryption functions through spatially programming the polymorphic crystal phases. As homocrystalline and stereocomplex crystal phases in fluorescent hydrogels have different solvent stabilities, the transparency and fluorescence of the hydrogels can be regulated, thereby enabling the multi‐level encryption/decryption processes. Moreover, the structural origins behind these processes are discussed. It is believe that this work will inspire future research on developing advanced information‐encryption materials upon programming the polymer crystal structure.
CRMF: A fault localization approach based on class reduction and method call frequency
Authors: Liu Hengyuan , Li Zheng , Wang Haifeng , Liu Yong , Chen Xiang
Published: December 2022

Identifying the location of faults in real‐world programs is one of the costly processes during software debugging. To reduce the debugging effort, various fault localization techniques have been proposed in recent years. Spectrum‐based fault localization (SBFL) is one kind of widely investigated fault localization technique. Most SBFL techniques first calculate the suspiciousness of program elements (such as statements, methods) to be faulty using the coverage information and execution results of tests. Then a rank list of program elements is generated according to their suspiciousness. However, some SBFL techniques only consider the binary coverage information (i.e., whether the program element is covered) but ignore some of the tests' running behaviors, such as the execution frequency when faults occur in the iteration entities or loop bodies, which are more likely to be faulty followed the propagation‐infection‐execution model. The execution frequency based techniques only replace the feature items of the existing formula limiting their effectiveness in fault localization. In this article, we propose a fault localization technique, class reduction and method call frequency (CRMF), which utilizes mutation analysis and information retrieval techniques. In particular, CRMF first uses mutation analysis to identify and reduce the classes, in which the program elements with a low probability of being faulty. Then we propose a new suspiciousness formula that applies information retrieval and considers method call frequency. To evaluate the effectiveness of CRMF, we conduct empirical studies on 264 real‐world programs from the Defects4J benchmark. Final results show that CRMF outperforms the statement frequency based technique FLSF and SBFL techniques (i.e., Ochiai, OP2, Tarantula, and Dstar) in both single‐fault programs and multiple‐fault programs. Specifically, CRMF can rank 29, 74, and 112 faults at the top 1, 3, 5 ranks and achieve a higher mean reciprocal rank for single‐fault programs and multiple‐fault programs. Finally, we discuss the essence of CRMF and analyze its effectiveness on multi‐fault programs in detail.
Apathy and APOE in mild behavioral impairment, and risk for incident dementia
Authors: Vellone Daniella , Ghahremani Maryam , Goodarzi Zahra , Forkert Nils D. , Smith Eric E. , Ismail Zahinoor
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Mild behavioral impairment (MBI) is a high‐risk state for incident dementia and comprises five core domains including affective dysregulation, impulse dyscontrol, social inappropriateness, psychotic symptoms, and apathy. Apathy is among the most common neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in dementia but can also develop in persons with normal cognition (NC) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The later‐life emergence and persistence of apathy as part of the MBI syndrome may be a driving factor for dementia risk. Therefore, we investigated MBI‐apathy–associated progression to dementia, and effect modification by sex, race, cognitive diagnosis, and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype.

Methods

Dementia‐free National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center participants were stratified by persistent apathy status, based on Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI)–Questionnaire scores at two consecutive visits. Hazard ratios (HRs) for incident dementia for MBI‐apathy and NPI‐apathy relative to no NPS, and MBI‐apathy relative to no apathy, were determined using Cox proportional hazards regressions, adjusted for baseline age, sex, years of education, race, cognitive diagnosis, and APOE genotype. Interactions with relevant model covariates were explored.

Results

Of the 3932 participants (3247 with NC), 354 had MBI‐apathy. Of all analytic groups, MBI‐apathy had the greatest dementia incidence (HR = 2.69, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.15–3.36, P < 0.001). Interaction effects were observed between cognitive diagnosis and APOE genotype with the NPS group. The contribution of apathy to dementia risk was greater in NC (HR = 5.91, 95% CI: 3.91–8.93) than in MCI (HR = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.69–2.77, interaction P < 0.001) and in all APOE genotypes, was greatest in APOE ɛ3 (HR = 4.25, 95% CI: 3.1–5.82, interaction P < 0.001).

Discussion

Individuals with MBI‐apathy have a markedly elevated risk for future dementia, especially when symptoms emerge in those with NC. Both cognitive status and APOE genotype are important moderators in the relationship between MBI‐apathy and incident dementia. MBI‐apathy may represent a group in whom apathy is a preclinical or prodromal manifestation of dementia and identify a precision medicine target for preventative interventions.
Sequelae of neurological infection: management in primary care
Authors: Alam Ali M , Easton Ava , Bavikatte Ganesh , Mahendran Shagufay , Michael Benedict D
Published: December 2022

Neurological infections are a medical emergency, and although death rates have improved most survivors have acquired brain injury, which often presents in primary care in the months after infection and needs early referral.
Construction and evaluation of gRNA arrays for multiplex CRISPR‐Cas9
Authors: Žun Gašper , Doberšek Katja , Petrovič Uroš
Published: December 2022

Endonuclease system CRISPR‐Cas9 represents a powerful toolbox for the budding yeast's Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome perturbation. The resulting double‐strand breaks are preferentially repaired via highly efficient homologous recombination, which subsequently leads to marker‐free genome editing. The goal of this study was to evaluate precise targeting of multiple loci simultaneously. To construct an array of independently expressing guide RNAs (gRNAs), the genes encoding them were assembled through a BioBrick construction procedure. We designed a multiplex CRISPR‐Cas9 system for targeting 6 marker genes, whereby the gRNA array was expressed from a single plasmid. To evaluate the performance of the gRNA array, the activity of the designed system was assessed by the success rate of the introduction of perturbations within the target loci: successful gRNA expression, followed by target DNA double‐strand breaks formation and their repair by homologous recombination led to premature termination of the coding sequence of the marker genes, resulting in the prevention of growth of the transformants on the corresponding selection media. In conclusion, we successfully introduced up to five simultaneous perturbations within single cells of yeast S. cerevisiae using the multiplex CRISPR‐Cas9 system. While this has been done before, we here present an alternative sequential BioBrick assembly with the capability to accommodate many highly similar gRNA‐expression cassettes, and an exhaustive evaluation of their performance.
Using Big Data and Serverless Architecture to Follow the Emotional Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Mexico
Authors: León-Sandoval Edgar , Zareei Mahdi , Barbosa-Santillán Liliana Ibeth , Morales Luis Eduardo Falcón
Published: December 2022

The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has led to an unprecedented change in the lifestyle routines of millions of people. Beyond the multiple repercussions of the pandemic, we are also facing significant challenges in the population’s mental health and health programs. Typical techniques to measure the population’s mental health are semiautomatic. Social media allow us to know habits and daily life, making this data a rich silo for understanding emotional and mental well-being. This study aims to build a resilient and flexible system that allows us to track and measure the sentiment changes of a given population, in our case, the Mexican people, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. We built an extensive data system utilizing modern cloud-based serverless architectures to analyze 760,064,879 public domain tweets collected from a public access repository to examine the collective shifts in the general mood about the pandemic evolution, news cycles, and governmental policies using open sentiment analysis tools. We provide metrics, advantages, and challenges of developing serverless cloud-based architectures for a natural language processing project of a large magnitude.
134 billion intersecting brane models
Authors: Loges Gregory J. , Shiu Gary
Published: December 2022

Abstract

The landscape of string vacua is very large, but generally expected to be finite in size. Enumerating the number and properties of the vacua is an important task for both the landscape and the swampland, in part to gain a deeper understanding of what is possible and “generic”. We obtain an exact counting of distinct intersecting brane vacua of type IIA string theory on the 𝕋6/ℤ2× ℤ2 orientifold. Care is taken to only count gauge-inequivalent brane configurations. Leveraging the recursive nature by which branes may be added together one-by-one, we use dynamic programming to efficiently count the number of solutions of the tadpole, K-theory and supersymmetry consistency conditions. The distributions of 4D gauge group rank and complex structure moduli for the entire ensemble of intersecting brane vacua are presented. The methods we developed here may be useful in obtaining sharp upper and lower bounds on other corners of the landscape.