bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GRP78/BiP alleviates oxLDL-induced hepatotoxicity in familial hypercholesterolemia caused by missense variants of LDLR
Authors: Varghese Divya Saro , Oommen Deepu , John Anne , Ali Bassam
Published: February 2023

Background and Aims- Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress, caused by aberrantly trafficked proteins that are encoded by genetic variants of functional genes, is a critical consequence in human disorders such as familial hypercholesterolemia, cardiovascular and hepatic diseases. In addition to the identification of ER stress as a contributing factor to pathogenicity, extensive studies on the role of oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and its ill effects in expediting cardiovascular diseases and other metabolic comorbidities are well documented. However, our current understanding of its role in hepatic insults is inadequate. Our study elucidates the molecular mechanisms underlying the progression of oxLDL and ER stress-induced cytotoxicity in HepG2.
Methods-HepG2 cells stably expressing wild-type (WT) LDLR and missense variants of LDLR that are pathogenically associated with familial hypercholesterolemia were used as the in vitro models. The relative mRNA expression and protein profiles of ER stress sensors, inflammatory and apoptotic markers, together with cytotoxic assays and measurement of mitochondrial membrane potential were carried out in HepG2 cells treated with 100 µg per ml oxLDL for 24 to 48 hours. 1-way or 2-way ANOVA were used for statistical analyses of datasets.
Results-ER stress responses are elicited along all three arms of the UPR, with adverse cytotoxic and inflammatory responses in oxLDL-treated conditions. Interestingly, oxLDL-treated ER-stressed HepG2 cells manifested intriguingly low expression of BiP- the master regulator of ER stress, as observed earlier by various researchers in liver biopsies of NASH patients. In our study, we show that overexpression of BiP rescues hepatic cells from cytotoxic and inflammatory mechanisms instigated by ER stress in combination with oxLDL, along the ER and mitochondrial membrane and restores cellular homeostasis.
Conclusion-Our data provide interesting leads that identify patients with familial hypercholesterolemia conditions and potentially other ERAD diseases as highly susceptible to developing hepatic insults with molecular signatures similar to those manifested in NAFLD and NASH.
Predicting clinical outcomes of post-operative focal neurological deficits after glioma resection based on MRI characteristics: A retrospective chart review
Authors: Bukhari Syed Sarmad , Saeed Faizan , Tahir Izza , Kazmi Maryam , Angez Meher , Khalid Muhammad Usman , Nasir Roua , Jawed Amna , Enam Syed Ather
Published: February 2023

Background: The standard of care for gliomas includes maximum safe resection of the tumor. This may lead to inadvertent damage to tissue directly or vasculature supplying normal brain tissue. This may result in perilesional brain infarction which is readily seen on early postoperative MRI scans. Their relationship with the presence of a deficit and recovery from said deficit is unclear.
Methods: We did a retrospective chart and radiology review to study this relationship.
Results: Out of 225 included patients, 24% had infarcts on their postoperative MRI while the rest did not have infarcts. The incidence of new deficits in these two groups was not significantly different. The presence of these infarcts did not appear to affect recovery from deficits against patients with deficits and no infarcts. Moreover, the location of the tumor did not significantly correlate with the presence of infarcts, new deficits or recovery from deficits. The extent of resection also failed to show a strong correlation with new infarcts or deficits. Only a small percentage of all patients failed to show some or complete improvement from deficits at 6 months follow up.
Conclusion: Perilesional infarcts are a common finding on postoperative scans after glioma surgery but their presence does not help to predict the presence of a deficit nor the recovery from a deficit.
PLAC8 facilitates osteosarcoma growth and metastasis by upregulating CXCL5 expression via miR-363-3p
Authors: Huang Xiaoyu , Zhang Yan , Zhang Yanting , Liu Yongheng , Han Xiuxin , Zhang Chao , Wei Xianfu , Xu Yao , Zhang Jin , Feng Jinyan , Wang Guowen
Published: February 2023

Background: Osteosarcoma (OS) is characterized by its highly aggressive nature and metastatic potential. Although dysregulated PLAC8 was reported in various cancers, its function and underlying mechanism in OS metastasis remains largely unknown.
Methods: The expression of PLAC8 was detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot in OS clinical tissues and OS cell lines. CCK-8, colony formation, transwell and wound healing assays were performed to assess its effect on tumor cell proliferation and mobility. The relationship between PLAC8 and CXCL5 expression was analyzed by TIMER 2.0 database, qRT-PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemical staining. The qRT-PCR, Western blot, and luciferase reporter assays were performed to explore molecular mechanisms through which PLAC8 mediates the expression of miR-363-3p, thus modulating the expression of CXCL5.Subcutaneous transplantation, orthotopic tibia implantation, and tail-vein injection mouse model were employed to evaluate the role of PLAC8 on OS tumor growth and lung metastasis.
Results: We found PLAC8 was upregulated in OS tissues and OS cell lines, and its overexpression facilitated the aggressive progression of OS. Besides, we identified CXCL5, as a downstream target gene of PLAC8, could potentiate OS cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Mechanistically, PLAC8 down-regulated the levels of miR-363-3p which directly targeted CXCL5 3'-UTR, thus enhancing the proliferative and metastatic potency of OS cells. In subcutaneous transplantation and orthotopic tibia implantation mouse model, down-regulation of PLAC8 could markedly attenuate the OS tumorigenesis. In tail-vein injection mouse model, knockdown of PLAC8 could prominently restrain the OS lung metastasis. Moreover, we found that rhCXCL5 and miR-363-3p inhibitors significantly reversed the suppressive effect of PLAC8 silencing on OS growth and lung metastasis in vivo.
Conclusions: PLAC8 is highly expressed in OS, which especially contributes to tumor growth and metastasis by regulating the miR-363-3p/CXCL5 axis. This study suggested that PLAC8 may serve as a promoter in OS and provided new insight into the treatment of OS lung metastasis.
Lobe-specific Analysis of Perioperative Chemotherapy for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: Lei Xi , Li Tong , Mao Fuling , Ren Fan , Tang Quanying , Cao Weibo , Zu Lingling , Xu Song
Published: February 2023

Objectives: Perioperative cisplatin-based chemotherapy decreases the risk of death over surgery alone and is a standard-of-care. Here, we examined perioperative chemotherapy indications for stage IB-III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients according to lobe-specific analysis.
Methods: Resectable NSCLC patients with stage IB–III who received perioperative chemotherapy with and without radiotherapy after lung resection were identified from the SEER database. Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was performed to reduce the inherent bias of retrospective studies. The Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank tests were used to assess the differences in overall survival (OS).
Results: The study enrolled 23,844 patients before PSM. The perioperative chemotherapy group had better OS than the non-perioperative chemotherapy group in stage IB–III NSCLC patients before and after PSM. However, subgroup analysis according to stage demonstrated that perioperative chemotherapy did not markedly benefit patients with stage IB. Furthermore, lobar subgroup analysis did not show survival advantages in primary tumors located in either the right middle lobe in stages II and III NSCLC or the right lower lobe in stage III NSCLC.
Conclusions: Lobe-specific perioperative chemotherapy is recommended in NSCLC patients. For stage IB NSCLC, right middle lobe NSCLC from stage IB-III and right lower lobe NSCLC from stage III, perioperative chemotherapy might not confer survival benefits.
Evaluation and Influencing Factors of the Tourism Industry Efficiency under Carbon Emission Constraints in China
Authors: Si Xiaopeng , Tang Zi , Wang Weili , Liang Yan
Published: February 2023

In response to carbon peak and carbon neutrality targets, a broad industrial transformation is underway in China's tourism industry. This paper applies the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model to calculate the efficiency of the tourism industry under carbon emission constraints and further investigates its influencing factors through the Tobit regression. The results are as follows: (1) The tourism efficiency under carbon emission constraints of China from 2000 to 2019 showed a trend of first rising and then declining, and there were obvious regional differences; (2) The total factor productivity of tourism in China increased significantly from 2000 to 2019, the contribution of technical progress, pure technical efficiency, and scale efficiency to it decrease in succession; (3) The factors of industrial structure, transportation convenience, economic development level, degree of opening to the outside world, the level of scientific and technological development have varying degrees of influence on tourism efficiency. Based on the analysis results, this paper puts forward several policy recommendations on tourism efficiency and low-carbon development. The conclusions of this paper are of certain significance for developing countries to improve tourism efficiency and achieve high-quality development of tourism industry in the context of sustainable development.
Twin Prime Conjecture Proof
Authors: Thompson Daniel
Published: February 2023

The Twin Prime conjecture first proposed by French mathematician Alphonse de Polignac in the year 1846 remains unproven until now. This paper sets out to prove the Twin Prime conjecture by creating a system of equations and finding both a y element of ℕ, (y ϵ ℕ) and a y element of k, (y ϵ k) to find the twin prime values and then two further values where each will differ by an exact amount. From this proof the method demonstrates that the elements of these phenomena prove that there will be an infinite number of twin primes that differ by two.
MSC: 11-xx
THEORETICAL MODEL OF COMPETENCY FORMATION IN THE CONTEXT OF «EDUCATION» - «LABOR MARKET», THEIR REDISTRIBUTION IN THE KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER SYSTEM
Authors: Barvinok Veronika , Vorontsova Anna , Petrushenko Yuriy
Published: February 2023

The creation of a model of the formation and redistribution of competencies in the "education" - "labor market" system has become particularly relevant, since they are the main stage in the modern qualitative transformation of higher education both at the level of universities and the state as a whole. This approach is crucial for the development of human capital in the labor market and beyond. The purpose of this work is to build a theoretical model of competence formation in the knowledge transfer system from the point of view of education and the labor market. The construction of this theoretical model is due to the need to rethink modern paradigms of higher education, which is a key link in the training of specialists for entering the labor market. This article used the results of the analysis of the definitions of "competence" and "knowledge transfer" in foreign and domestic scientific works. Thus, along with the concept of "competence", which means a set of knowledge, skills that meet the requirements of the workplace, the term "competence" was identified, which is characterized as a process of high-level work performance with the most effective achievement of the organization's goals, which includes the result of training specialists for certain professional spheres. The key point was the combination of the concept of competences and knowledge transfer as a fundamental plane of competence formation and their redistribution into one field of research with the involvement of the sphere of education and the labor market. When constructing the theoretical model, generalized disproved formulations were used regarding the types of competencies, participants, and knowledge transfer in general. The definition of participants in this model is justified, since it is the subjects (stakeholders) of the model that form its basis. So, for example, managers ensure a continuous process of competence formation and possible barriers are eliminated. As a result, a comprehensive system was considered, where knowledge transfer is the main plane of competence formation and redistribution (three interdependent stages) between participants (graduate, entry-level employee, experienced employee and organizer).
What Firms Hire H-2A Workers? Evidence from the US Ornamental Horticulture Industry
Authors: Wei Xuan , Campbell Benjamin L. , Khachatryan Hayk , Brumfield Robin G.
Published: February 2023

The ornamental horticulture industry relies on workers to do myriad tasks, such as pruning, applying fertilizers, scouting, spraying pesticides, planting, harvesting, packing, and weeding. As a result of the perishable nature of horticultural goods, a skilled and accessible labor supply is imperative for continued industry growth and stability. The decreasing number of workers, followed by increasing wage rates, could be alarming for the economic well-being of the ornamental horticulture industry, which has already experienced a downward trend in revenue and profits. Combining 2014 and 2019 National Green Industry Survey data, this study investigates factors affecting ornamental growers’ decisions on hiring H-2A workers. Growers’ decisions are largely affected by their home state’s enforcement of the 287(g) program and the observed industry employment and total wage payment. Growers are more likely to participate in an H-2A workers program if their home state implemented the restrictive 287(g) program. Increasing industry employment of domestic workers will discourage participation in the H-2A workers program, but increasing industry wage costs will encourage participation. In contrast, individual firm characteristics play different roles in program participation and the number of H-2A workers hiring decision. Increasing farm sales value by $1 million merely increases the probability of hiring by a 0.1% point, revealing that large growers are the major beneficiaries of the H-2A workers program. After the participation hurdle is overcome, the number of H-2A workers hired is affected minimally by these factors. Our results suggest that the current H-2A program imposes a potential hurdle to participate, thus benefiting large growers.
Increasing Inventor Diversity: U.S. Public Policy Recommendations
Authors: Fechner Holly , Schreurs Morgan , Chung Eric
Published: February 2023

Research has found that women, people of color, and individuals with lower incomes patent inventions at significantly lower rates than their representation in the population. Less than 13 percent of all inventors listed on U.S. patents are women, Black individuals are three times less
likely to become inventors than white individuals, and children in families in the top one percent of income are 10 times more likely to patent in their lifetimes than children in the entire bottom half of family income. Research has also found that increasing participation in invention and
patenting by under-represented groups would increase annual U.S. gross domestic product by up to $1 trillion, quadruple the number of American inventors, and result in new and different inventions. Public policy can promote equity, inclusion, and diversity in inventing and patenting.
In a 2018 article in this journal, we discussed the existing research on disparities in invention and patenting and the role of the U.S. government, educational institutions, and private industry in ensuring women, people of color, and individuals with lower incomes can participate fully in
the innovation economy. This article updates and expands on that article by providing specific public policy recommendations to increase equity, inclusion, and diversity in invention and patenting. These recommendations include improving data collection and research to measure and advance
equity in patenting; supporting historically under-represented inventors by providing education, legal, and technical assistance and promoting workplace equity; and spotlighting historically under-represented inventors and promoting diversity among patent counsel and patent examiners.
A Comparison of Social Stories with and without Video Modeling in Teaching How to Respond to Lures of Strangers to Children with Autism
Authors: KUTLU Metehan , KURT Onur
Published: February 2023

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness and efficiency of social stories with and without video modeling in teaching how to respond to lures of strangers to children with autism.
Method: The study was conducted with four children aged 10-13 years diagnosed with autism. Target skills for the students were how to avoid abduction by strangers and how to respond if a stranger knocked at the door. An adapted alternating treatments design was used in the study.
Findings: The findings of the study showed that both procedures were equally effective on promoting acquisition for three of the four students with autism. The findings showed that social stories alone was more effective than social stories with video modeling for one student. There was no considerable difference between the two procedures in terms of efficiency. Social validity findings showed that opinions of the participants and their mothers were positive overall.
Discussion: It is likely appropriate for teachers, researchers, practitioners, and families to use only one of the teaching practices compared in this study, taking into account the characteristics and preferences of their students in teaching the skills of protection from strangers. To generalize the findings from this study, it can be suggested that similar studies be conducted with different practitioners and participants in various age groups.
Roles of Nuclear Receptors in Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Deng Lihao , Liu Jiaxuan , Chen Wei-Dong , Wang Yan-Dong
Published: February 2023

Background:

Esophageal cancer (EC), including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
(ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), is a highly prevalent malignancy that occurs
predominantly in the Asian region and is related to ethnicity, genetics, diet, and lifestyle. The nuclear
receptor (NR) superfamily consists of 48 members of the human body. It is a collection of a
large class of transcription factors, including Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs),
Farnesol X receptor (FXR), Vitamin D receptor (VDR), Retinoic acid receptor (RAR), Pregnane X
receptor (PXR), Androgen receptor (AR) and so on. Several NRs have been detected as oncogenes
or tumor suppressors in EC progression.

Objectives:

NRs are associated with the progression of many cancers, including EC. Some NRs,
such as PPARs and FXR, play an important role in EC. Studying the molecular mechanism of NRs
in EC is helpful for further understanding the development of EC. Preclinical research and development
of small molecule compound drugs targeting NRs have provided new ideas for the potential
targeted therapy of EC.

Methods:

This review summarizes the studies on NRs in EC in recent years, mainly including in
vitro cell experiments and in vivo animal experiments.

Results:

NRs influence EC progress in a variety of ways. They mainly affect the proliferation,
migration and drug resistance of EC cells by affecting key cancer cell signaling pathways. Activation
or inhibition of NRs inhibits or promotes EC progression, depending on EC types and tumor
stages. Preclinical studies mainly focus on the development of small molecule drugs for targeting
NRs (such as PPARγ agonists, PPARδ inhibitors, and FXR agonists), and agonists or inhibitors of
NRs will become a potential therapeutic regimen for EC.

Conclusion:

The studies on the roles of NRs in EC have provided a theoretical basis for us to further
understand the pathogenesis of EC and develop potential therapeutic drugs targeting NRs for
the treatment of different diseases.
Fructo-oligosaccharides Ameliorate Intestinal Mechanical Barrier Injury
in Piglets Induced by Soybean Antigen in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Mi Mengmeng , Chang Meinan , Huang Yihong , Zhao Jinpeng , Pan Li , Bao Nan , Qin Guixin , Zhao Yuan
Published: February 2023

Background:

Fructose oligosaccharides (FOS) have been shown to reduce soybean antigen-induced hypersensitivity in piglets, but their effects on intestinal epithelial barrier function have not been characterized. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effects of FOS on intestinal barrier injury induced by soybean antigen in piglets in vitro and in vivo.

Methods:

We studied the protective effects of FOS against mechanical barrier dysfunction induced using β-conglycinin or glycinin in porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2), and measured the serum concentrations of diamine oxidase (DAO), D-lactic acid, and endotoxin, and the expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins, in piglets.

Results:

We found that FOS concentration dependently increases cell activity, trans-epithelial electrical resistance, and TJ protein expression (P<0.05) and reduces alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity (P<0.05) in vitro. In addition, the serum DAO, D-lactic acid, and endotoxin concentrations were reduced by FOS administration in piglets (P<0.05). Both in vitro and in vivo, the expression levels of TJ proteins (zona occludens 1 and occludin) were increased significantly by FOS (P<0.05).

Conclusion:

Therefore, FOS protect against intestinal injury induced by soybean antigen in piglets, which may provide a basis for the prevention of allergy.
Parasite Metalo-aminopeptidases as Targets in Human Infectious Diseases
Authors: Aguado Mirtha E. , Izquierdo Maikel , González-Matos Maikel , Varela Ana C. , Méndez Yanira , del Rivero Maday A. , Rivera Daniel G. , González-Bacerio Jorge
Published: February 2023

Background:

Parasitic human infectious diseases are a worldwide health problem due to
the increased resistance to conventional drugs. For this reason, the identification of novel molecular
targets and the discovery of new chemotherapeutic agents are urgently required. Metalo-
aminopeptidases are promising targets in parasitic infections. They participate in crucial processes
for parasite growth and pathogenesis.

Objective:

In this review, we describe the structural, functional and kinetic properties, and inhibitors,
of several parasite metalo-aminopeptidases, for their use as targets in parasitic diseases.

Conclusion:

Plasmodium falciparum M1 and M17 aminopeptidases are essential enzymes for parasite
development, and M18 aminopeptidase could be involved in hemoglobin digestion and erythrocyte
invasion and egression. Trypanosoma cruzi, T. brucei and Leishmania major acidic M17
aminopeptidases can play a nutritional role. T. brucei basic M17 aminopeptidase down-regulation
delays the cytokinesis. The inhibition of Leishmania basic M17 aminopeptidase could affect parasite
viability. L. donovani methionyl aminopeptidase inhibition prevents apoptosis but not the parasite
death. Decrease in Acanthamoeba castellanii M17 aminopeptidase activity produces cell wall
structural modifications and encystation inhibition. Inhibition of Babesia bovis growth is probably
related to the inhibition of the parasite M17 aminopeptidase, probably involved in host hemoglobin
degradation. Schistosoma mansoni M17 aminopeptidases inhibition may affect parasite development,
since they could participate in hemoglobin degradation, surface membrane remodeling and
eggs hatching. Toxoplasma gondii M17 aminopeptidase inhibition could attenuate parasite virulence,
since it is apparently involved in the hydrolysis of cathepsin Cs- or proteasome-produced
dipeptides and/or cell attachment/invasion processes. These data are relevant to validate these enzymes
as targets.
Electrospun Scaffold-based Antibiotic Therapeutics for Chronic Wound
Recovery
Authors: Tamilarasi Ganesan Padmini , Sabarees Govindaraj , Krishnan Manikandan , Gouthaman Siddan , Alagarsamy Veerachamy , Solomon Viswas Raja
Published: February 2023

Treatment of a wound infection caused by a multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterium is challenging
since traditional medicine is incapable of curing such infections. As a result, there is a critical
need to develop wound dressings resistant to MDR bacteria. Over half of diabetic and burn wounds
showed clinical symptoms of infection. Diabetes is a metabolic disorder that may have various consequences,
including chronic sores, vascular damage, and neuropathy. Microbial infection and oxidative
stress to the fibroblast are common causes of slow and ineffective wound healing. Since wound healing
and tissue repair are complex cascades of cellular activities, prompt and ordered healing is critical
throughout this process. Despite advances in medication development and sophisticated formulations,
treating persistent wound infections remains difficult. The drawbacks of administering antibiotics
through the digestive system have motivated the development of enhanced therapeutic dressings with
antibacterial activity and the application of antibiotics by localized administration. Antimicrobial
wound dressings have great promise for reducing infection risk and improving the healing rate of
chronic lesions. Most current research in skin tissue engineering focuses on developing threedimensional
scaffolds that mimic natural skin's extracellular matrix (ECM). Electrospinning is a wellestablished
method for producing nanoscale fibers. It is a simple, cost-effective, reproducible, and
efficient process for encapsulating hydrophobic and hydrophilic antimicrobial compounds in synthetic
and natural polymeric carriers. This review discusses various nanofibers as novel delivery systems for
antimicrobial compounds in chronic wound healing. We will discuss the significant polymers used to
make nanofibers, their manufacturing processes, and, most importantly, their antibacterial effectiveness
against microorganisms that typically cause chronic wound infections.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 2-Amino-1-phenyl-benzimidazole
Derivatives as BACE1 Inhibitors
Authors: Dai Xiao-Bin , Wu Shi-Han , Ding Ning , Ma Yi-Yuan , Tong Zhen-Jiang , Wu Jia-Zhen , Wang Yi-Bo , Yu Yan-Cheng , Leng Xue-Jiao , Xue Xin , Xu Jin-Guo , Dai Wei-Chen , Xie Ke , Zhao Jing-Han , Hong Yu-Qi , Lan Tian-Xi , Mu Tian-Yu , Wang Xiao-Long , Sun Shan-Liang , Li Nian-Guang , Liang Qiao-Li , Chang Liang
Published: February 2023

Background:

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a chronic neurodegenerative disorder predominantly
occurs among the elderly, is the leading cause of dementia. The accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) is considered
the main pathogenies of AD, and β-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) plays an important role
in the formulation of Aβ.

Objective:

In order to find a new scaffold as BACE1 inhibitors, a series of novel 2-amino-1-phenylbenzimidazole
derivatives were designed and synthesized in this work.

Methods:

Using our previous L-5 as a lead compound, we applied a scaffold hopping method and merged
2-amino-1-methyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-5 (4H)-one into benzimidazole, so a novel class of BACE1
inhibitors T1~T20 with the structure of 2-amino-1-phenyl-benzimidazole were designed and synthesized.

Results:

The biological activity evaluation indicated that the target compounds showed inhibitory activities
against BACE1, with T14 being the most potent (IC50 = 0.45 μM), it also exhibited good logP value
and tPSA. The docking studies indicated that compound T14 could form important hydrogen bonds with
Asp289 and Asp93.

Conclusion:

Compound T14 could be used as a potential BACE1 inhibitor for further modification to
treat AD.
Discharge Planning for People with Inpatient Hyperglycaemia: A Review on Pharmacological Management
Authors: Gangopadhyay Kalyan Kumar , Sahay Rakesh Kumar , Gupta Sunil , Ayyar Vageesh , Das Sambit , Bhattacharya Saptarshi , Bhandari Sudhir , Bhattacharyya Arpandev
Published: February 2023

Inadequate glycaemic control post-discharge is the root cause of readmission in people with diabetes mellitus (DM) and is often linked to improper discharge planning (DP). A structured DP plays a crucial role in ensuring continuing home care and avoiding readmissions. DP should help patients in self-care and provide appropriate guidance to maintain optimal glycaemic control. There is a scarcity of reports and recommendations on the proper DP for people with DM on insulin therapy. The present review provides important consideration based on experts’ opinions from the National Insulin and Incretin summit (NIIS), focusing on the effective treatment strategies at the time of discharge, especially for insulin therapy. A review of literature from PubMed and Embase was conducted. The consensus was derived, and recommendations were made on effective DP for patients with DM. Recommendations were drawn at the NIIS for post-discharge treatment for medical and surgical cases, stress-induced hyperglycaemia, elderly, pregnant women, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases. The committee also recommended a comprehensive checklist to assist the physicians during discharge.
PMPTCE-HNEA: Predicting Metabolic Pathway Types of Chemicals and
Enzymes with a Heterogeneous Network Embedding Algorithm
Authors: Wang Hao , Chen Lei
Published: February 2023

Background:

Metabolic chemical reaction is one of the main types of fundamental processes
to maintain life. Generally, each reaction needs an enzyme. The metabolic pathway collects a series of
chemical reactions at the system level. As compounds and enzymes are two important components in
each metabolic pathway, identification of metabolic pathways that a given compound or enzyme can
participate is the first important step for understanding the mechanism of metabolic pathways.

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to build efficient computational methods to predict the metabolic
pathways of compounds and enzymes.

Methods:

Novel multi-label classifiers were proposed to identify metabolic pathway types, reported in
KEGG, of compounds and enzymes. Three heterogeneous networks defining compounds and enzymes
as nodes were constructed. To extract more informative features of compounds and enzymes, we generalized
the powerful network embedding algorithm, Mashup, to its heterogeneous network version,
named MashupH. RAndom k-labELsets (RAKEL) was employed to build the classifiers and support
vector machine or random forest was selected as the base classification algorithm.

Results:

The 10-fold cross-validation results indicated the good performance of the proposed classifiers
and such performance was superior to the previous classifier that adopted features yielded by Mashup.
Furthermore, some key parameters of MashupH that might contribute to or influence the classifiers
were analyzed.

Conclusion:

The features yielded by MashupH were more informative than those produced by Mashup
on heterogeneous networks. This was the main reason the new classifiers were superior to those using
features yielded by Mashup.
Recent Progresses in Chalcone Derivatives as Potential Anticancer Agents
Authors: Yang Jiahui , Lv Jianmei , Cheng Shuxian , Jing Tingyu , Meng Tenghao , Huo Dezhen , Ma Xin , Wen Ran
Published: February 2023

Chalcones are members of the flavonoid family and act as intermediates in the biosynthesis of flavonoids,
which are widespread in plants. Meanwhile, chalcones are important precursors for synthetic manipulations and act as
mediators in the synthesis of useful therapeutic compounds, which have demonstrated a wide range of biological activities.
Numerous studies have reported the synthesis and medicinal significance of chalcone derivatives. Cancer is
one of the major causes of death worldwide. Although various therapies have been proposed for diverse types of cancer,
their associated limitations and side effects urged researchers to develop more safe, potent and selective anticancer
agents. Based on the literature review, the presence of chalcone derivatives as the main component, a substituent,
or a side-chain in different biologically active compounds could serve as a reliable platform for synthetic organic
chemists to synthesize new compounds bearing this moiety, owing to their similar or superior activities compared to
those of the standards. The diversity of the chalcone family also lends itself to broad-spectrum biological applications
in oncology. This review, therefore, sheds light on the latest structure and the anticancer potency of different synthetics
(bearing other anticancer pharmacophores based on simple, functional groups, and dimer chalcone derivatives) and
natural chalcone hybrids. It is confirmed that the information compiled in this review article, many chalcone hybrids
have been found with promising anticancer activities. Therefore, this review may be convenient for designing novel
chalcone molecules with enhanced medicinal properties according to the structure of the compounds.
Gambogic Acid Lysinate-induced Cervical Cancer SiHa Cells Apoptosis in vitro and
in vivo
Authors: Niu Jie , Sun Jingyu , Liu Yahua , Guo Jun , Zhang Xin , Lin Yajun
Published: February 2023

Background:

Surgical resection and chemotherapy are the primary treatment options for cervical cancer;
however, efficacy of chemotherapy drugs is limited by drug resistance. There is an urgent need to find new compounds.
Gambogic acid lysinate (GAL), a new compound made from gambogic acid and lysine, has good anti-tumor
activity, however, the effect of GAL on cervical cancer remains undetermined.

Objective:

The present study sought to explore the anti-tumor activity of GAL in SiHa cells.

Methods:

Cell viability was detected by means of an MTT assay, a cell growth curve was drawn with Microsoft Excel
2010, the cell cycle and cell apoptosis were evaluated by flow cytometry, and Western blotting was employed to explore
the mechanism of GAL. Additionally, the in vivo anti-tumor activity of GAL was studied through a xenograft
tumor model in nude mice.

Results:

GAL inhibited the proliferation of both SiHa cells (IC50 was 0.83 μmol/l and 0.77 μmol/l respectively for 48 h
and 72 h) and HeLa cells (IC50 did not reach). In SiHa cells, GAL (1 and 2 μmol/l) inhibited cell proliferation and 2
μmol/l GAL could also induce cell apoptosis and decrease the number of S phase. Both 1 and 2 μmol/l GAL inhibited
SiHa cells invasion and increased the number of G0/G1 phase. The results of Western blot assay demonstrated that P53
and P21 were involved in SiHa cells S phase arrest and BCL-2 and BAX were involved in SiHa cells apoptosis. In vivo
study showed that the growth of SiHa cell xenograft tumors was inhibited via cell apoptosis induced by GAL (2.5
mg/kg body weight), however, GAL (2.5 mg/kg body weight) had no significant effect on weight gain of mice.

Conclusion:

GAL induced SiHa cells apoptosis by BCL-2 and BAX pathway and SiHa cells S phase arrest by P53 and
P21 pathway in vitro and inhibited the growth of SiHa cell xenograft tumors.
Spatial Descriptions Eliminate the Serial Position Effect
Authors: Santoro Ilaria , Sors Fabrizio , Mingolo Serena , Prpic Valter , Agostini Tiziano , Murgia Mauro
Published: February 2023

Aims:

The present study aims to investigate the occurrence of the serial position effect in the recall of items verbally presented in three different contexts.

Background:

The serial position effect has been studied with both verbal (e.g., words) and visuospatial (e.g., locations) stimuli but not with verbal-spatial stimuli (i.e., spatial description of an environment). In particular, a spatial description of an environment has both spatial information and a meaningful context.

Objective:

The objective of the present study is to determine whether the use of different contexts (namely, a classic word list, a spatial description of a room, and a narrative without spatial information) can alter the serial position effect.

Methods:

Depending on the condition, participants were exposed to a) a list of objects, b) a spatial description of a room containing the same objects; c) a narrative presenting the same objects in lack of spatial information. After this learning phase, participants performed a recognition task.

Results:

The recognition task revealed different accuracy distributions in the three conditions. In particular, in the spatial description condition, the accuracy distribution did not change across the item position.

Conclusion:

This result is in line with previous studies with visuospatial stimuli. Thus, it seems that spatial descriptions are a particular kind of verbal stimuli, which are encoded similarly to visuospatial stimuli. Overall, these outcomes support the idea that spatial descriptions elicit a spatial representation, which enhances item retention and eliminates the serial position effect.
Is a Holistic Health Practice Program Effective to Promote Personal Growth in Persons with Serious Mental Illness – A Pilot Study
Authors: Leung Luk Andrew
Published: February 2023

Background:

Self-help groups (SHG) have been found to be effective in enhancing psychiatric rehabilitation. A Holistic Health Practice Program (HHPP) was developed in which all recovery components are covered. It has been conducted on a group of student nurses and was found to be effective in promoting holistic health, self-esteem, and self-efficacy. But the question arises if it is also effective when conducted on the members of the SHG comprising persons with serious mental illness.

Aim:

This study aimed to explore the holistic health status of the members of the SHG and investigate whether the HHPP is effective for the personal growth of members of the SHG, including persons with serious mental illness and trained lay persons as volunteers in the group.

Methods:

A pre- and post-test group approach was adopted in this study. Group members were invited to join an HHPP, which consisted of 6 sessions held within 6 weeks, with one session weekly comprising 3 hours per session. Participants were asked to fill in a pre-test questionnaire before the program and a post-test questionnaire when they completed the program.

Results:

Results showed that among the 6 domains of the healthy lifestyle profile, participants scored the lowest in the physical activity of the physical domain, followed by the health responsibility of the psychological domain. Whereas, they scored the highest in the interpersonal relations of the social domain. The study also found no significant differences between the mean scores of the persons with serious mental illness and the volunteers. Besides, there were significantly positive increases in mean scores in the domains of physical activity, nutritional habits, spiritual growth, and the total scores of HPLP-II (P<0.05), as well as self-esteem (P<0.05) and self-efficacy (P<0.05) when comparing the pre-test and post-test results.

Conclusion:

This study showed that the holistic health status of persons with serious mental illness is the same as that of the general population. It also demonstrated that the Holistic Health Practice Program is effective in promoting holistic health, self-esteem, and self-efficacy among the persons with serious mental illness and the volunteers.
Effect of Midwife-led Breastfeeding Counseling based on Bandura's Model on Self-efficacy and Breastfeeding Performance: An Educational Trial Study
Authors: Hosseini Seyed Aghdas , Vakilian Katayon , Shabestari Ali Arjmand , Nokani Mostafa , Almasi Amir
Published: February 2023

Aim:

Breastfeeding Counseling in order to increase Breastfeeding Performance.

Background:

Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is a policy for increasing children's survival and decreasing the illnesses of children all over the world.

Objectives:

The present study investigated the effect of Midwife-led Breastfeeding Counseling based on Bandura's Model on Self-efficacy and Breastfeeding Performance.

Methods:

The present study was an educational trial with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. 60 women in the intervention group received 4 session group counseling program based on Bandura's theoretical structures during pregnancy. After that, the second stage of the study was conducted between 1-3 days and 10-15 days after childbirth using the face-to-face method to meet the needs and concerns of mothers about breastfeeding. The control group received no counseling program and only received routine health care.

Results:

showed that the awareness means in the intervention group was 25.6 and in the control group, it was 21.1, which showed a significant increase in the intervention group. In addition, it was indicated that the mothers' self-efficacy increased by 18 units in the intervention group and decreased by 1 unit in the control group after the intervention. Findings showed that the attitudes of the intervention group increased by 11 units, and 4 units in the control group after the intervention. 54 mothers in the intervention group and 17 mothers in the control group only used breastfeeding for their babies.

Conclusion:

Breastfeeding self-efficacy is an appropriate theoretical model to perform interventions and should be considered to prolong breastfeeding and better performance.
Decoding Artificial Intelligence in Neuroscience: Applications Beyond Diagnosis
Authors: Salave Sagar , Rana Dhwani , Benival Derajram , Jain Aakanchha
Published: February 2023

Background:

Artificial Intelligence has witnessed exponential expansion in health care applications. The article pronounces the dynamic excellence AI is achieving in the healthcare discipline of neuroscience.

Objective:

The paper highlights basic concepts of AI and acmes the interdisciplinary collaboration of Computational neuroscience, Cognitive science, and AI. Also, the article draws out important findings related to AI in neuroscience amongst its diverse application in the various disciplines. An ephemeral overview of applications of AI-based constructs in neurological disorders namely Neuroinflammation, Schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, Epilepsy, Autism spectrum disorder, Alzheimer’s disease, Brain tumor and Anesthesiology has been demonstrated in the present work.

Methods:

The method includes the collection of data from different search engines like google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, SciFinder, etc. to get coverage of relevant literature for accumulating appropriate information regarding AI, neuroscience, and their linkages.

Results:

These considerations are made to expand the existing literature on the progressing role of AI in the management of neurological disorders.

Conclusion:

The exponential expansion in the development of AI-based systems might aid in addressing the prevailing limitations in the domain of neurological disorders and neuroscience.
Regulation of Genome-edited Technologies: Indian Policy Perspective
Authors: Prasad Amita , Chimata Murali Krishna
Published: February 2023

The rapid technological advances in the field of biotechnology have resulted in the formulation of effective and robust regulatory policy
frameworks by different countries to ensure the safety of the products that are being developed through the application of genome editing
techniques both in terms of environment and health safety perspectives. With over two and half decades of use of products derived from the
application of genetic engineering technologies, this technology has stemmed the emergence of an even more advanced and precise targeted
technology to address the most complicated and intrinsic challenges in a more precise manner which is now considered as Genome Editing. It is
astounding to note that, at a time when several nations were debating and discussing the regulatory hurdles regarding the regulation of this
technology, India has emerged as one nation with a clear policy framework with well-defined definitions in Rules 1989 itself, wherein, the
definition of Gene Technology and Genetic Engineering clearly states that any alteration in the genome needs to be regulated and accordingly,
India needs to regulate the products that would be developed through this novel genome editing technology. However, recognizing the global
developments and after a thorough assessment of safety aspects, India, in the year 2022 promulgated the “ Guidelines for the Safety Assessment of
Genome Edited Plants” wherein, it is explicitly detailed that products that are derived from SDN-1 and SDN-2 techniques and which are free of
exogenous introduced DNA, are exempted from the provisions of Rules 7 to 11 (both inclusive) of the above said Rules 1989 and products derived
from SDN-3 would be regulated as per provisions of Rules, 1989. If required, the concerned regulatory agencies may stipulate additional safety
evaluation tests through better risk evaluation methodologies and a greater number of laboratories could also be set up along with empowering the
human resource capacities for undertaking such state-of-the-art and precise techniques for the development of safe and beneficial products for the
public without compromising on the safety.
The Role of Medicinal Plants in the Treatment and Management of Type
2 Diabetes
Authors: Paul Tirna , Pathak Kalyani , Saikia Riya , Gogoi Urvashee , Jyoti Sahariah Jon , Das Aparoop
Published: February 2023

Diabetes is a severe metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia
is a hallmark of diabetes, a life-threatening metabolic condition. There are a variety of oral hypoglycemic
drugs in the market for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, including biguanides, sulphonylurea,
and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors. On the other hand, these conventional methods of treating
diabetes are costly and associated with a variety of long-term issues, whereas medicinal herbs used
to treat diabetes are inexpensive and have no harmful consequences or side effects. Because of the
existence of different therapeutically relevant active phytochemicals such as tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids,
and other compounds in medicinal plants, they can be used in treating diabetes. Various
medicinal plants used to treat diabetes mellitus and their bioactive components are discussed in this
review article. In this review, the prospects of these medicinal plants, as well as the challenges associated
with their use, are discussed.