bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative evaluation of the dentoalveolar effects of three Class II correctors: A finite element analysis study
Authors: Plaza-Ruiz Sonia Patricia , Rojas-Plaza Paula Alejandra , Basto-Tacuma Jessica , Velandia-Palacio Luz Andrea , Jara-López Liliana
Published: August 2023

Objective:

To compare the stress distribution and total strain applied to the dentition, periodontal ligament (PDL) and cortical and trabecular bones by three Class II correctors using finite element analysis.

Design:

Three-dimensional analysis of stresses and total strain of the dentition with three Class II correctors.

Setting:

Computational study.

Methods:

Three-dimensional finite element models of Class II elastics, the Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device (FRD) and the Carriere Motion Appliance (CMA) were constructed from a cone-beam computed tomography (CBTC) image of an orthodontic Class II patient. The distribution of stress (von Mises and principal stress) and the total strain (mm) in maxillo-mandibular dentition, PDL, cortical and trabecular bone were analysed.

Results:

The highest von Mises yield and the maximum principal stress in the three models were found at the teeth, followed by the cortical bone, trabecular bone and PDL. The maximum stress and total deformation were located at the upper canines and lower molars in the Class II elastics and CMA models, in the upper first molars in the Forsus FRD and CMA, and in the lower first premolars in the Forsus FRD. In addition, stress was distributed in the anterior and posterior regions of the teeth, and the total deformation was found in the distal direction in the upper arch and in the mesial direction in the lower arch.

Conclusion:

The stress concentrations in the three models were located close to the active components of each appliance, producing specific patterns of stress distribution and displacement that should be taken into account when planning the type of appliance to be used for the correction of the Class II malocclusion.
Lived experiences of maintaining self-identity among persons living with young-onset dementia: A qualitative meta-synthesis
Authors: Tang Xueting , Wang Junqiao , Wu Bei , Navarra Ann-Margaret , Cui Xiaoyan , Wang Jing
Published: August 2023

Background

The self-identity of persons with young-onset dementia (YOD) is affected by the disease progression. However, the lived experience of maintaining self-identity along the disease trajectory is understudied. This meta-synthesis integrated qualitative data on the challenges, coping strategies, and needs of persons living with YOD and how their experiences affected their self-identity over time.

Methods

Four English (PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO) and two Chinese (CNKI and Wanfang) electronic databases were searched for published literature peer-reviewed from the time of database inception to 2022. We used thematic analysis to extract and synthesize data from the literature concerning the long-term lived experiences of persons living with YOD.

Results

A total of five peer-reviewed publications were eligible for inclusion in this meta-synthesis study. We identified four themes: (1) declining cognitive function and a prolonged diagnostic process threaten the self-identity of persons living with YOD, (2) struggling to accept the diagnosis of YOD and maintain self-identity, (3) maintaining self-identity and the normalcy of life through social support and person-centered care, and (4) living with YOD through self-development and self-identity reshaping at a later stage of the disease.

Conclusions

Persons living with YOD experience challenges maintaining their self-identity throughout the disease trajectory. These challenges are affected by their cognitive function, experiences of personal and social stigma associated with the disease, perceived social support, and person-centered care. Study findings have implications for developing tailored supportive programs for persons living with YOD at various stages of the disease trajectory.
The Child First Strategy Implementation Project – Translating Strategy Into Practice
Authors: Case Stephen , Browning Ann , Hampson Kathy
Published: August 2023

The ‘Child First’ guiding principle for practice in the Youth Justice System of England and Wales has a growing international evidence-base and is fully embedded in policy/strategy, yet remains underdeveloped in consistent, coherent practice across local agencies and areas. This raises the potential for a policy–strategy practice implementation gap. Focus-group consultations ( n = 11) with professional stakeholder groups (community, custody, strategy, inspectorate, and research) explored perceptions of the practice challenges to understanding, implementing and supporting Child First. Qualitative analysis identified child-centrism, professional relationships and cognisance as pivotal features of the effective realisation of Child First in practice.
Ideal theory needs a realistic defense
Authors: Stewart Andrew
Published: August 2023

The growth of non-ideal theory and of political realism has had a profound influence on methodological inquiry in political philosophy. It is now the norm for authors defending ideal theory to take special care to show that it can relate to the real world in the right sort of way. Two recent books—David Estlund’s Utopophobia: On the Limits (If Any) of Political Philosophy ( 2020 ), and Ben Laurence’s Agents of Change: Political Philosophy in Practice ( 2021 )—fit this mold. Both authors argue that ideal theory can be practical, and Estlund additionally argues that it can be valuable even if it lacks practical value. In this commentary, I argue that something important is missing from these defenses of ideal theory: they both fail to be realistic in a “second-order” way. I suggest that other recent work comes closer to meeting this standard.
Application of IT2Fs-AHP and TOPSIS modeling for performance analysis of tank coatings in chemical tankers
Authors: Tekeli Murat Mert , Bal Besikci Elif , Gul Muhammet , Akyuz Emre , Arslan Ozcan
Published: August 2023

There are a wide range of chemical cargoes carried in chemical tankers. The chemical tankers are carrying hazardous chemical cargoes in their cargo tanks. When carrying hazardous chemicals in cargo tanks, the coating is required which is to provide safety barrier between the hull plate and the cargo. Therefore, capabilities of cargo tanks are of paramount importance for safe and efficient transport. Tank coatings to be applied to chemical tankers are epoxy coatings, zinc silicate coating, stainless steel coating, and marine line coating. This paper aims at conducting a numerical performance analysis of tank coatings in chemical tankers to contribute decision-making process of shipowner and safety professionals. To achieve this purpose, a multi-criterion decision-making (MCDM) tool is adopted: An Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) under interval type-2 fuzzy set (IT2Fs) environment. The outcomes of the numerical performance analysis showed that stainless steel type tank coating has the best performance since result of closeness coefficient value c( xj) is found 0.55. The findings of the research will contribute chemical tanker ship owners, safety inspectors, naval architects, and safety professionals during decision-making process of ideal cargo tank coating.
Psychology as Science and as Propaganda
Authors: Jussim Lee , Honeycutt Nathan
Published: August 2023

The target article highlights research known to have promoted unjustified politicized claims. It also points out that, although researcher political biases might account for this, there are often alternative explanations. It then discusses areas of research in which those alternative explanations are unlikely, so that the best explanation is political bias. The target article is fundamentally correct. Nonetheless, we argue that political bias is a characteristic of the claims made in research articles rather than primarily a characteristic of scientists. Inasmuch as some claim is not wrong simply by virtue of supporting an ideological narrative, to detect politically biased research, we identify four questions to be answered. Test 0 is necessary but not sufficient to infer political bias. If Test 0 is passed, then at least one of Tests 1, 2, or 3 must also be passed. Test 0: Does the study vindicate some political narrative? Test 1: Did they misinterpret or misrepresent their results in ways that unjustifiably advance a particular politicized narrative? Test 2: Do the authors systematically ignore papers and studies inconsistent with their ideology-affirming conclusions? Test 3: Did they leap to ideology-affirming conclusions based on weak data? We close with recommendations for preventing politically biased conclusions.
Navigating conflict: The role of mediation in healthcare disputes
Authors: Lindsey Jaime , Doyle Margaret , Wazynska-Finck Katarzyna
Published: August 2023

Navigating conflict in healthcare settings can be challenging for all parties involved. Here, we analyse disputes about the provision of healthcare to patients, specifically exploring how mediation might be used to resolve disputes where healthcare professionals may disagree with the patient themselves or the patient's family about what healthcare is in the patient's best interests. Despite concerns about compromise over the patient's best interests, there is often room for the parties to come together and think about how the dispute might be resolved in a way that is acceptable to all. It is in this space where mediation might step in. We set out the potential benefits and risks of mediation in this article, and argue that there is a need for clearer, empirically grounded evidence on the use of mediation in healthcare disputes.
Novel filter material by glass fiber foam laying for nonwoven fabrics
Authors: Wang Hong , Chen Qi , Chen Miaomiao , Zhang Jiu Zheng , Liu Yu Sheng
Published: August 2023

The needle punched nonwoven fabrics are widely used as the flue gas filter materials while continuous efforts have been made to improve the filtration efficiency in order to meet the low emission requirement. In this study, filter materials with high filtration efficiency were developed via glass fiber foam laying and PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) emulsion coating process. Influences of surfactant type, fiber diameter and fiber content on the foam-ability and foam stability of glass fibers were analyzed. The resulting filter materials, obtained here for the first time with glass fiber foam laden and PTFE emulsion coated needle punched nonwoven fabrics, were characterized for morphology, pore size, air permeability, wear resistance and filtration properties. The results were compared against structures obtained from needle punched nonwoven fabrics before and PTFE emulsion coating. Remarkably, compared to untreated and PTFE emulsion coated needle punched nonwoven fabrics, the glass fiber foam laden and PTFE emulsion coated fabrics displayed higher filtration efficiency and lower outlet particle concentration. Overall, glass fiber foam laying is found to be effective to improve the filtration performance of needle punched nonwoven fabrics and is promising to be commercialized after optimizing the foam composition and PTFE emulsion coating process.
Growth Motives and Learning Behaviors Among Older Workers: Toward a More Comprehensive Assessment
Authors: van Woerkom Marianne , Kooij Dorien , Kanfer Ruth
Published: August 2023

Research findings indicate an age-related decline in worker’s growth and learning. In this paper, we investigate to what extent these results may be affected by measures (e.g., growth need strength scale) that are influenced by educational approaches to workplace learning, framing learning as intentional processes of knowledge acquisition guided by educators. Based on Human Resource Development (HRD) and non-HRD literature, we propose that these measures may not fully capture learning processes of older workers who seemingly prefer learning outside of formal educational contexts (e.g., spontaneous, strengths-based, and collaborative forms of learning). We examine measures of growth motives and learning behaviors and conclude that these are strongly influenced by an educational perspective, encouraging inaccurate conclusions regarding older workers’ learning interest and activity. We provide suggestions for the development of new measures inspired by a noneducational perspective on work-related learning, for instance by tapping into spontaneous, strengths-based, and collaborative forms of learning.
Getting Under the Skin of Seizure Monitoring: A Subcutaneous EEG Tool to Keep a Tally Over the Long Haul
Authors: Karakis Ioannis
Published: August 2023

[Box: see text]
Catheter Misplacement Following Subclavian Vein Catheterization Under Ultrasound Guidance: An Infrequent and Unusual Malposition
Authors: Brahmam Dodda , Palamattam Don Jose , Sherif Mohammed Jaffer
Published: August 2023

The most common malposition seen during subclavian vein cannulation is to the ipsilateral internal jugular vein. We report a case of unusual malposition of a subclavian central venous catheter, where it was found to be forming a “figure of U” in the ipsilateral subclavian vein. Although the catheterization was done under ultrasound guidance, we could not visualize the course of the guidewire due to a poor ultrasound window. This report highlights the fact that although ultrasound can facilitate identification of the vessels and prevent inadvertent arterial puncture, it seldom helps in the positioning of the guidewire tip and prevention of catheter malposition.
Consistency between two subjective assessments of activities of daily living: Patient- and occupational therapist-reported judgments
Authors: Lien Hung-Pin , Wang Yi-Ching , Chen Yi-Miau , Fan Shih-Chen , Chen Mei-Hsiang , Chiang Hsin-yu , Hsieh Ching-Lin
Published: August 2023

Purpose

To examine the consistency between patient- and occupational therapist-reported judgments of patients’ ability and change in ADL abilities.

Materials

Patient- and therapist-reported ADL abilities were assessed using a Visual Analogue Scale, whilst the changes in patients’ ADL abilities were reported by patients and therapists using a 15-point Likert-type scale.

Methods

Repeated assessments at a 3-week interval were used. 88 inpatients with stroke and 16 occupational therapists were recruited from rehabilitation wards in a medical center.

Results

Moderate correlations ( rs = .53–.56) were found between the patient- and therapist-reported ADL abilities. The patient-reported scores were significantly lower ( ds = .45; ps < .001 at follow-up) than the therapist-reported scores. Only low correlation ( r = .33) was found for the change scores.

Conclusions

Our findings indicated that there was only a moderate to low correlation between the patients' reports and the therapists' judgments regarding the patients' ADL ability and its change. Because both patients’ reports and therapists’ judgments affect decisions on rehabilitation, frequent communication may be beneficial for reaching consensus and helpful in managing the interventions.
Incidental finding of an undifferentiated sarcoma during lower limb Doppler ultrasound: A case report
Authors: Ilounoh Christopher Ekene , Eteng Rajuno Ernest , Arlachov Yuriy
Published: August 2023

Introduction:

Undifferentiated sarcoma is considered a rare and aggressive type of soft tissue sarcoma with the lower extremity reported as the common site for soft tissue sarcomas.

Case presentation:

We present a rare incidental finding of undifferentiated sarcoma during lower limb Doppler ultrasound with a presenting symptom of right thrombotic-like calf pain in a 49-year-old female.

Discussion:

On ultrasound, the presented undifferentiated sarcoma appeared as a large heterogeneous, oval-shaped, soft tissue mass deeply seated in the right calf with involvement of the soleus muscle. The features on ultrasound mimicked those of a hematoma; however, the possibility of the lesion being a haematoma was promptly ruled out with the demonstration of internal vascularity on colour Doppler application. The case was then referred to a sarcoma triage multidisciplinary team for a review. Magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography and biopsy were parts of the diagnostic workup for this case, histology confirmed the soft tissue lesion to be an undifferentiated sarcoma. Emergency above knee amputation of the right leg was performed as part of the patient’s treatment.

Conclusion:

This case report presents a rare incidental finding of undifferentiated sarcoma encountered during lower limb Doppler ultrasound causing thrombotic-like calf pain. Sonographers are encouraged to pay necessary attention and carefully examine any adjacent and incidental soft tissue lesion during lower limb Doppler ultrasound using compression, two-dimensional imaging and colour imaging, especially those that appear with characteristic features of malignancy; urgent referral should be made of such cases to a tertiary soft tissue sarcoma centre for further evaluation and management.
Typing speed and fluency as cues to uncertainty in the real-time production of written messages
Authors: Elliott Arielle V , Horton William S
Published: August 2023

In spoken communicative contexts, speakers often convey uncertainty via intonation and through paralinguistic behaviours such as speech rate and gesture—and addressees can use these behaviours to generate inferences about the speaker’s epistemic state. In text-based contexts, however, cues of this sort are more restricted. In this study, we examine the expression and reception of epistemic information in the context of real-time written message production. We hypothesised that real-time typing dynamics (like those available in text-based collaborative contexts, such as Google Docs) can function as a rich paralinguistic cue about a partner’s epistemic state. In Experiment 1, we collected production data showing that manipulations of typist certainty, instantiated through both the ease of message formulation and repeated experience with the task, are reflected in measures of typing fluency and speed. Then, in Experiment 2, we presented select screen recordings of the typing behaviours from Experiment 1 to a group of independent observers who made epistemic judgements about the typist. Our results show that observable differences in typing speed and fluency contribute to perceptions of typist knowledge and confidence, which has implications for interfaces that enable real-time text-based collaboration.
Toward a definition and classification of lost move state: Perceptions of elite trampolining coaches
Authors: Marsollier Élise , Hauw Denis
Published: August 2023

Several severe performance blocks have been described in the sport psychology literature, in particular the lost move and the yips. Beyond the identification of the traumatic situations associated with these problems, there is a lack of understanding of the process that ultimately culminates in performance blocks. In the present study, a situated and dynamic analysis of a specific type of block in acrobatics was conducted to: (i) identify the propensities of trampolinists to develop lost move, (ii) categorize the types of moves involved, (iii) determine the circumstances of the occurrence of lost moves as typical situations, and (iv) describe the evolution of the loss and its duration. The nine national and international-level French-speaking coaches we interviewed were asked to describe the lost moves they had experienced as coaches. Prior to their interview, each coach had to answer a questionnaire in which they were asked to identify the number of lost moves they experienced. Based on our results, lost moves appeared as evolutive adaptative processes with four steps: disruption, manifestation, contamination, and final adaptation. The phenomenon appeared as observable behavioral manifestations emerging from the interaction between athletes’ dispositions and the situations in which they find themselves throughout their sporting careers. Thus, lost moves might be considered as transitional states in skill development to which an athlete’s performance can branch off. Three main levels of concrete interventions were described, including careful consideration of the athletes’ dispositions and life-course circumstances, avoiding contamination, time off, and engaging in other activities.
Association between intraoperative starch use and postoperative kidney dysfunction in patients undergoing major gastro-intestinal surgery: A propensity score–matched analysis
Authors: Iyer Karthik V , Giri Sanjeeb , Ray Bikash R , Muthiah Thilaka , Anand Rahul K , Kaur Manpreet , Kumar Rakesh , Punj Jyotsna , Rewari Vimi , Sahni Peush , Maitra Souvik
Published: August 2023

Background:

The impact of intraoperative starch-based fluid therapy on postoperative kidney dysfunction in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery is uncertain. Low molecular weight starch is expected to cause less postoperative kidney dysfunction.

Methods:

This retrospective study evaluated the impact of intraoperative 6% hydroxyethyl starch on postoperative renal dysfunction. The primary outcome of this study was postoperative acute kidney injury as per KDIGO definition within 72 hours of surgery.

Results:

This study analysed data from 461 patients with a median (interquartile range) age of 45 (33–58) years, and 48.2% of all patients were female. The proportion (95% confidence interval) of patients who developed acute kidney injury was 0.18 (0.14−0.21); 62.9% of patients had acute kidney injury stage I, 32% had acute kidney injury stage II, and the rest were acute kidney injury stage III. In the propensity score–matched sample, the average treatment effect of intraoperative colloid use on postoperative serum creatinine at day 3 (p = 0.32), duration of postoperative intensive care unit stay (p = 0.97), duration of hospital stay (p = 0.37), postoperative worst international normalised ratio (p = 0.92), and postoperative transfusion requirement (p = 0.40) were not statistically significant.

Conclusion:

Intraoperative use of low molecular weight hydroxyethyl starch use was not associated with postoperative kidney dysfunction and coagulopathy in adult patients undergoing major open abdominal surgery.
Predictors of same day cancellation of elective surgery
Authors: Turcotte Justin J , Brennan Jane C , Kidd Gerald , Zaidi Sohail N
Published: August 2023

Same day cancellations of surgery have adverse effects on both patients and health care systems. To date, the majority of research has evaluated reasons for same day cancellation, and relatively little is known about risk factors for cancellation. The aim of this study is to develop and evaluate the accuracy of a model for preoperatively predicting which patients are at risk for experiencing same day cancellation. While accurately predicting which patients are likely to experience same day cancellation remains challenging, predictive models may aid in the early identification of patients at risk for cancellation. Future studies are required to assess whether the use of predictive analytics leads to reduced cancellation rates in practice.
Symptom versus exacerbation control: an evolution in GINA guidelines?
Authors: Latorre Manuela , Pistelli Riccardo , Carpagnano Giovanna Elisiana , Celi Alessandro , Puxeddu Ilaria , Scichilone Nicola , Spanevello Antonio , Canonica Giorgio Walter , Paggiaro Pierluigi
Published: August 2023

The article traces the concept of asthma control within GINA guidelines over the past 25 years. In the first 15 years after 1995, the main objective of asthma management was to obtain the control of all clinical and functional characteristics of asthma. A landmark study (GOAL) showed for the first time that a good control of asthma is a reasonable outcome that can be achieved in a large proportion of asthmatics with a regular appropriate treatment. In the following years, more emphasis was placed on the role of exacerbations as critical manifestations of poor asthma control, whose frequency is associated with excessive FEV1 decline and increased risk of death. Accordingly, the 2014 GINA report makes a clear distinction between the control of the day-by-day symptoms and the reduction in the risk of severe exacerbations, stating that both conditions should be obtained. The 2019 update included a significant change in the management of mild asthma, prioritizing the prevention of exacerbations to that of mild symptoms. This view was repeated in the 2021 update, where the prevention of exacerbations, together with an acceptable symptom control with a minimal use of rescue medication, appeared to be the real main goal of asthma management. While a discrepancy between current symptoms and exacerbations may be present in mild asthma, a significant relationship between these two features is observed in moderate-severe asthma: a persistent poor symptom control is a major risk factor for exacerbations, whereas achieving symptom control through regular treatment is associated with a reduction in exacerbation rate. Thus, the opinion that frequent symptoms are not important in the absence of acute exacerbations should be discouraged, whereas education of patients to a good symptom perception and to improve adherence to regular treatment should be implemented. Furthermore, the persistence of risk factors, such as increased airway inflammation, even in a patient with minor daily symptoms, should be considered for optimizing treatment.
The perfect storm: temporal analysis of air during the world’s most deadly epidemic thunderstorm asthma (ETSA) event in Melbourne
Authors: Price Dwan , Hughes Kira M. , Dona Dulashi Withanage , Taylor Philip E. , Morton David A. V. , Stevanovic Svetlana , Thien Francis , Choi Jason , Torre Paul , Suphioglu Cenk
Published: August 2023

Background:

There have been 26 epidemic thunderstorm asthma (ETSA) events worldwide, with Melbourne at the epicentre of ETSA with 7 recorded events, and in 2016 experienced the deadliest ETSA event ever recorded. Health services and emergency departments were overwhelmed with thousands requiring medical care for acute asthma and 10 people died.

Objectives:

This multidisciplinary study was conducted across various health and science departments with the aim of improving our collective understanding of the mechanism behind ETSA.

Design:

This study involved time-resolved analysis of atmospheric sampling of the air for pollen and fungal spores, and intact and ruptured pollen compared with different weather parameters, pollution levels and clinical asthma presentations.

Methods:

Time-resolved pollen and fungal spore data collected by Deakin Air WATCH Burwood, underwent 3-h analysis, to better reflect the ‘before’, ‘during’ and ‘after’ ETSA time points, on the days leading up to and following the Melbourne 2016 event. Linear correlations were conducted with atmospheric pollution data provided by the Environment Protection Authority (EPA) of Victoria, weather data sourced from Bureau of Meteorology (BOM) and clinical asthma presentation data from the Victorian Agency for Health Information (VAHI) of Department of Health.

Results:

Counts of ruptured grass pollen grains increased 250% when the thunderstorm outflow reached Burwood. Increased PM10, high relative humidity, decreased temperature and low ozone concentrations observed in the storm outflow were correlated with increased levels of ruptured grass pollen. In particular, high ozone levels observed 6 h prior to this ETSA event may be a critical early indicator of impending ETSA event, since high ozone levels have been linked to increasing pollen allergen content and reducing pollen integrity, which may in turn contribute to enhanced pollen rupture.

Conclusion:

The findings presented in this article highlight the importance of including ruptured pollen and time-resolved analysis to forecast ETSA events and thus save lives.
Arterial lactate as a risk factor for death in respiratory failure related to coronavirus disease 2019: an observational study
Authors: Maraziti Giorgio , Marchini Laura , Barbieri Greta , Falcone Marco , Corradi Francesco , Graziani Mara , Ghiadoni Lorenzo , Becattini Cecilia
Published: August 2023

Background:

Arterial lactate is a recognized biomarker associated with death in critically ill patients. The prognostic role of arterial lactate in acute respiratory failure due to the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is unclear.

Objectives:

We aimed to investigate the prognostic role of arterial lactate levels at admission in patients with COVID-19-related acute respiratory failure.

Design and Methods:

Cohorts of consecutive patients admitted to nonintensive care units (ICU) at study centers for COVID-19-related respiratory failure were merged into a collaborative database. The prognostic role of lactate levels at admission was assessed for continuous values and values ⩾2.0 mmol/l, and lactate clearance at 24 h through delta-lactate (ΔLac). The study outcome was 30-day in-hospital death. Cox proportional regression model was used to assess independent predictors of the study outcome.

Results:

At admission, 14.6% of patients had lactate levels ⩾2 mmol/l. In-hospital death at 30 days occurred in 57 out of 206 patients; 22.3% and 56.7% with normal or ⩾ 2 mmol/l lactate at admission, respectively. The median lactate level was 1.0 [interquartile range (IQR) 0.8–1.3] mmol/l and 1.3 (IQR 1.0–2.1) mmol/l in survivors and nonsurvivors, respectively ( p-value < 0.001). After adjusting for age, relevant comorbidities, acidemia, and the severity of respiratory failure, lactate ⩾2.0 mmol/l was associated with in-hospital death (HR 2.53, 95% CI 1.29–4.95, p-value 0.0066), while Δ Lac ⩾0 was not (HR 1.37, 95% CI 0.42–4.49). These results were confirmed in patients with a pO2/FiO2-ratio (P/F ratio) ⩽300 mmHg.

Conclusions:

In our study, increased arterial lactate at admission was independently associated with in-hospital death at 30 days in non-ICU patients with acute respiratory failure related to COVID-19.
Pharmacological diversity amongst approved and emerging antiseizure medications for the treatment of developmental and epileptic encephalopathies
Authors: Sills Graeme J.
Published: August 2023

Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) are rare neurodevelopmental disorders characterised by early-onset and often intractable seizures and developmental delay/regression, and include Dravet syndrome and Lennox–Gastaut syndrome (LGS). Rufinamide, fenfluramine, stiripentol, cannabidiol and ganaxolone are antiseizure medications (ASMs) with diverse mechanisms of action that have been approved for treating specific DEEs. Rufinamide is thought to suppress neuronal hyperexcitability by preventing the functional recycling of voltage-gated sodium channels from the inactivated to resting state. It is licensed for adjunctive treatment of seizures associated with LGS. Fenfluramine increases extracellular serotonin levels and may reduce seizures via activation of specific serotonin receptors and positive modulation of the sigma-1 receptor. Fenfluramine is licensed for adjunctive treatment of seizures associated with Dravet syndrome and LGS. Stiripentol is a positive allosteric modulator of type-A gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABAA) receptors. As a broad-spectrum inhibitor of cytochrome P450 enzymes, its antiseizure effects may additionally arise through pharmacokinetic interactions with co-administered ASMs. Stiripentol is licensed for treating seizures associated with Dravet syndrome in patients taking clobazam and/or valproate. The mechanism(s) of action of cannabidiol remains largely unclear although multiple targets have been proposed, including transient receptor potential vanilloid 1, G protein-coupled receptor 55 and equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1. Cannabidiol is licensed as adjunctive treatment in conjunction with clobazam for seizures associated with Dravet syndrome and LGS, and as adjunctive treatment of seizures associated with tuberous sclerosis complex. Like stiripentol, ganaxolone is a positive allosteric modulator at GABAA receptors. It has recently been licensed in the USA for the treatment of seizures associated with cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 deficiency disorder. Greater understanding of the causes of DEEs has driven research into the potential use of other novel and repurposed agents. Putative ASMs currently in clinical development for use in DEEs include soticlestat, carisbamate, verapamil, radiprodil, clemizole and lorcaserin.
Need satisfaction and compliance behaviors in two different phases of COVID-19 in China: Multiple mediation of social satisfaction, negative emotions, and risk perception
Authors: Zhang Yan , Wang Junxiu
Published: August 2023

For three years, COVID-19 has significantly impacted people's need satisfaction worldwide, resulting in changes in compliance with COVID-19 protocols. This study aimed to examine the change in Chinese people's need satisfaction, compliance behaviors, and their relationship and mechanisms during two periods of the pandemic. Two studies were conducted using data from two rounds of a nationwide serial survey—the Chinese Social Mentality Survey (Study 1: March 2020, 8,717 participants; Study 2: April 2022, 6,118 participants). The relationship between need satisfaction and compliance behaviors was analyzed by constructing a multiple mediations model. The model highlights two relationship pathways: one draws from the health belief model and takes an individual perspective, with negative emotions and risk perception as the mediators; the other utilizes social identity theory and takes a social perspective, with social satisfaction and risk perception as the mediators. The results showed that Chinese people's living needs changed over time, from masks to food and medicine supply, and their development needs satisfaction decreased. However, the participants still displayed high compliance toward recommended behaviors and local policies, despite being less compliant with local policies than recommended individual behaviors. In Studies 1 and 2, respectively, negative emotions had a significant indirect effect on non-recommended behaviors and individual behaviors, but an insignificant indirect effect on recommended behaviors and compliance to local policies. The indirect effects of social satisfaction were significantly stronger and positive on all kinds of behaviors in Study 2, which buffered the negative indirect effects of negative emotions and risk perception. Therefore, using exaggeration to trigger negative emotions may be ineffective in promoting behavioral compliance in China. Improving government performance is crucial, especially when a pandemic has lasted for a long time.
China's collectivist cosmopolitanism: Harmony and conflict with Western conceptualizations of cosmopolitanism rooted in individualistic notions of human rights
Authors: Liu James H. , Xie Tian
Published: August 2023

Just as leading Western countries have begun withdrawing from the neoliberal Washington Consensus that paved the way for economic globalization over the last 40 years, China has proposed an ambitious Belt and Road Initiative, or One Belt One Road, outlining its vision for global development. President Xi's vision of collectivist cosmopolitanism is centered on the principle of sovereign equality between nations, emphasizing civilizational uniqueness rather than universal human rights. In this view, economic and social development are path dependent, and in China's case, prioritize decolonization and national sovereignty. Xi's view in major speeches is cosmopolitan but collectivist, emphasizing economic growth, openness, dynamism, and an “avowed respect” for the integrity of other cultures, while saying nothing about individual human rights or groups within China. This approach positions ancient Chinese traditions like Confucianism as playing a central role in cultivating individuals’ and society's moral qualities so that person, society, and governance are bound together as a mutually beneficial and interconnected whole. It forms the theoretical basis of a Chinese view of cosmopolitanism, which could be the basis of dialogue with Western cosmopolitanists. The challenge is reconciling the different emphasis accorded to human rights versus national sovereignty in the two views. Empirical results of a new measure of Cosmopolitan Orientation that correlates positively rather than negatively with nationalism and religiosity provide insights into the specific basis for this dialogue to become beneficial rather than conflictual.
Is Laughter Really the Best Medicine? Reflecting on a Mental Health Initiative Using Pragmatic Collaborative Autoethnography
Authors: Gonot-Schoupinsky Freda N. , Neal Merv , Carson Jerome
Published: August 2023

This article relates to the potential of applied laughter in social science. Here, we explore the “Laughie Challenge Australia.” This community-based mental health initiative aims to get Australians laughing. We invite its instigator to discuss it, using a pragmatic qualitative research approach, Invited Collaborative Autoethnography (ICAE). Our purpose is to gain insight into the rationale and practicalities of using laughter to alleviate community mental health issues. Thus, we use ICAE instrumentally as a discourse platform to build understanding through joint narrative with a view of facilitating laughter community-science research collaborations. We recount the “story” of the Laughie Challenge, and the meeting of two academics and a community laughter leader, with a shared interest in the healing power of laughter and “real-world” laughter applications. ICAE enabled transparent, in-depth discourse. It has resulted in citizen science research to further advance knowledge in this area.
“Polite Watchdog”: Kompas and Watchdog Journalism in Post-Authoritarian Indonesia
Authors: Wijayanto  , Masduki
Published: August 2023

Many studies have argued that watchdog journalism cannot flourish under authoritarianism. However, the effect of the democratization of previously authoritarian regimes on watchdog journalism is still poorly understood. This article aims to fill this knowledge gap by using Kompas, Indonesia’s oldest daily newspaper, as a case study. Drawing on four years of ethnographic fieldwork (2013–2017) within Kompas’s newsroom and one year of archival review (2020–2021), this study shows that the newspaper did not truly function as a watchdog. Instead, it developed a specific style that we conceptualize as “polite” watchdog journalism, that is, monitoring the wrongdoing of those in power in such a manner that does not hurt the feelings of those in power. This style of journalism was developed in response to the cultural and political-economic forces that intersected in and shaped its newsroom. Kompas developed close relationships with authoritarian power holders, thereby avoiding the persistent threat of bans and securing the economic advantages of their close ties with those in power. After the regime change, polite journalism continued to be practiced, both to maintain its political leverage and to preserve its economic advantage in the post-authoritarian era.
Home/Work: A Feminist Poetic Inquiry of Academic Mothers’ Pandemic Experiences
Authors: Guyotte Kelly W. , Coogler Carlson H. , Shelton Stephanie Anne , Melchior Shelly
Published: August 2023

This article details a poetic inquiry that explored how academic mothers navigated the tensions between home/work during the pandemic: the simultaneous pulls of academia and motherhood in competing directions. Theoretically, we draw inspiration from Sara Ahmed’s concept of feminist homework. Feminist homework, according to Ahmed, is the work feminists do to interrogate and transform oppressive patriarchal structures. It is work carried home because such structures exist across the many domains we traverse in our daily lives, including home. Through poetic inquiry, we used data excerpts from 54 interviews to generate poetry exploring our research questions: (1) What did work do to home? (2) What did home do to work? and (3) How does poetic inquiry cultivate understandings about feminist homework? Throughout, we highlight methodological and aesthetic decisions we made to elevate the pains, strains, vulnerabilities, and courage these academic mothers displayed throughout the pandemic.
Upregulated Mitochondrial Dynamics Is Responsible for the Procatabolic Changes of Chondrocyte Induced by α2-Adrenergic Signal Activation
Authors: He Jiaying , Qin Wenpin , Zhang Yusong , Yan Jianfei , Han Xiaoxiao , Gao Jialu , Li Qihong , Jiao Kai
Published: August 2023

Objective

Activation of sympathetic tone is important for cartilage degradation in osteoarthritis (OA). Recent studies reported that sympathetic signals can affect the mitochondrial function of target cells. It is unknown whether this effect exits in chondrocytes and affects chondrocyte catabolism. The contribution of mitochondrial dynamics in the activation of α2-adrenergic signal-mediated chondrocyte catabolism was investigated in this study.

Design

Primary chondrocytes were stimulated with norepinephrine (NE) alone, or pretreated with an α2-adrenergic receptor (Adra2) antagonist (yohimbine) and followed by stimulation with NE. Changes in chondrocyte metabolism and their mitochondrial dynamics were investigated.

Results

We demonstrated that NE stimulation induced increased gene and protein expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-3 and decreased level of aggrecan by chondrocytes. This was accompanied by upregulated mitochondriogenesis and the number of mitochondria, when compared with the vehicle-treated controls. Mitochondrial fusion and fission, and mitophagy also increased significantly in response to NE stimulation. Inhibition of Adra2 attenuated chondrocyte catabolism and mitochondrial dynamics induced by NE.

Conclusions

The present findings indicate that upregulation of mitochondrial dynamics through mitochondriogenesis, fusion, fission, and mitophagy is responsible for activation of α2-adrenergic signal-mediated chondrocyte catabolism. The hypothesis that “α2-adrenergic signal activation promotes cartilage degeneration in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ-OA) by upregulating mitochondrial dynamics in chondrocytes” is validated. This represents a new regulatory mechanism in the chondrocytes of TMJ-OA that inhibits abnormal activation of mitochondrial fusion and fission is a potential regulator for improving mitochondrial function and inhibiting chondrocyte injury and contrives a potentially innovative therapeutic direction for the prevention of TMJ-OA.
Deep learning-based analysis to identify fluid-structure interaction effects during the response of blast-loaded plates
Authors: Lomazzi Luca , Morin David , Cadini Francesco , Manes Andrea , Aune Vegard
Published: August 2023

Blast events within urban areas in recent decades necessitate that protective design is no longer reserved for military installations. Modern civil infrastructure composed of light-weight, flexible materials has introduced the consideration of fluid-structure interaction (FSI) effects in blast-resistant design. While the action of blast loading on massive, rigid structures in military fortifications is well established, assessment of FSI effects is, at present, only possible through computationally expensive coupled simulations. In this study, a data-driven approach is proposed to assist in the identification of the blast-loading scenarios for which FSI effects play a significant role. A series of feed-forward deep neural networks (DNNs) were designed to learn weighted associations between characteristics of uncoupled simulations and a correction factor determined by the out-of-plane displacement arising from FSI effects in corresponding coupled simulations. The DNNs were trained, validated and tested on simulation results of various blast-loading conditions and material parameters for metallic target plates. DNNs exposed to mass-per-unit-area, identified as an influential factor in quantifying FSI effects, generalised well across a range of unseen data. The explainability approach was used to highlight the driving parameters of FSI effect predictions which further evidenced the findings. The ability to provide quick assessments of FSI influence may serve to identify opportunities to exploit FSI effects for improved structural integrity of light-weight protective structures where the use of uncoupled numerical models is currently limited.
Tongue squamous cell carcinoma metastasis to percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy site: A case report of an unusual cause of gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: Chaudhry Hunza , Iqbal Humzah , Gill Amitpaul , Gulati Alakh , Yang Juliana
Published: August 2023

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tubes are often placed in patients with head and neck malignancy for long-term nutritional support. Though rare, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma can metastasize to the percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube site and may initially present as a developing mass or as bleeding at the percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy site. Patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma should be evaluated diligently before and after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy placement in order to avoid this rare but life-threatening complication. We present a case of tongue squamous cell carcinoma that metastasized to the percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube site causing gastrointestinal bleeding.
Eosinophilia in a patient with aggressive systemic mastocytosis harboring a KIT D816V mutation: A case report
Authors: Cao Lihong , Tong Hongyan , Liu Xing , Pan Qi , Xu Yingqing , Lai Jin , Zheng Wenjun , Huang Jian , Wang Zhaoming , Ye Shengli , Zhang Liming , Qin Jiayue , Jin Jie
Published: August 2023

Eosinophilia may result from three main causes: secondary (reactive), primary (clonal), and/or idiopathic. The diagnosis of idiopathic eosinophilia must be made based on excluding all reactive or clonal causes. However, some causes may be very rare so as to be misdiagnosed as idiopathic. We present the case of eosinophilia caused by aggressive systemic mastocytosis, originally recognized as idiopathic. Lymphadenopathy, dysmyelopoiesis, and hepatosplenomegaly gradually appeared and deteriorated with increasing eosinophils. This case carried KIT D816V mutation. The BCR::ABL fusion gene and the mutations in JAK2 V617F, PDGFRα, and PDGFRβ in bone marrow were all negative. PHF6, PPM1D, and TET2 mutations were demonstrable. The patient was prescribed to avapritinib. The condition was effectively controlled. However, the patient discontinued medication for economic reasons 5 months later. Disease progression happened and died 10 months after diagnosis. Our study indicates that gene mutation detection at diagnosis is helpful for patient accurate diagnosis and targeted therapy of such patients.
Digital pathology world tour
Authors: Rizzo Paola Chiara , Caputo Alessandro , Maddalena Eddy , Caldonazzi Nicolò , Girolami Ilaria , Dei Tos Angelo Paolo , Scarpa Aldo , Sbaraglia Marta , Brunelli Matteo , Gobbo Stefano , Marletta Stefano , Pantanowitz Liron , Della Mea Vincenzo , Eccher Albino
Published: August 2023

Objective

Digital pathology (DP) is currently in the spotlight and is rapidly gaining ground, even though the history of this field spans decades. Despite great technological progress, the adoption of DP for routine clinical diagnostic use remains limited.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted in the electronic databases Pubmed-MEDLINE and Embase. Inclusion criteria were all published studies that encompassed any application of DP.

Results

Of 4888 articles retrieved, 4041 were included. Relevant articles were categorized as “diagnostic” (147/4041, 4%) where DP was utilized for routine diagnostic workflow and “non-diagnostic” (3894/4041, 96%) for all other applications. The “non-diagnostic” articles were further categorized according to DP application including “artificial intelligence” (33%), “education” (5%), “narrative” (17%) for reviews and editorials, and “technical” (45%) for pure research publications.

Conclusion

This manuscript provided temporal and geographical insight into the global adoption of DP by analyzing the published scientific literature.