bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vulnerability level of target and by-catch species on tuna hand line (HL-TR) fishery in Indonesian Fisheries Management Area I-FMA 573 based at Sadeng Fishing Port
Authors: Anggawangsa Regi Fiji , Widodo Agustinus Anung , Wudianto  , Tri Hargiyatno Ignatius , Sadiyah Lilis , Mahiswara  , Satria Fayakun
Published: November 2021

Tuna hand line-trolling line (HL-TR) fisheries have an essential role in Indonesia’s tuna fisheries, including Indonesia Fisheries Management Areas (I-FMAs) 572 and 573. The catch of tuna line in I-FMA 572 and 573 reached ~30.4% of the total catch 189,022 tonnes in 2019. Limited data and scientific advice for developing adequate management remain a challenge for tuna HL-TR fisheries in I-FMA 573 waters. Center for Fisheries Research (CFR) has conducted an assessment using the PSA method to obtain information of vulnerability level both of target and bycatch species on tuna HL-TR in 2020. Data used in the analysis were grouped into operational fishing, productivity, and susceptibility data. The operational fishing data were obtained from Sadeng Fishing Port in2019. The productivity and susceptibility data were obtained from literature review and expert consultation through a Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and expert consultative workshop. The result showed that both target and by-catch species included in the analysis have low to moderate vulnerability level scores. The results of this research are used to help managers at a national level to determine necessary management measures with high precautionary. While for by-catch species, in particular white tip sharks, its management measures must comply with agreed IOTC regulations.
Does cantrang trawl fishing become more efficient after the partial trawl ban? a case study of technical efficiency of cantrang fishery in the Java Sea – Indonesia
Authors: Kasim Kamaluddin , Nugroho Duto , Muawanah Umi , Triharyuni Setiya , Samusamu Andrias S.
Published: November 2021

Cantrang- a modified Danish seine that targets demersal fish and squid in the Java Sea- has been banned partially in all Indonesian waters since 2015. The policy goal was to limit the ecological impact by reducing the number of the fleet. This study compares the technical efficiency (T.E.) of cantrang fishing before and after the ban and identifies input technology that affects fleet efficiency. A Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was used to calculate the Technical Efficiency of the cantrang. In this case, the T.E. measures the ability of cantrang to maximize catch using a given set of production inputs such as Goss Tonnage (G.T.), fishing duration, and the number of skippers using the time series daily landing data from 2007 to 2017. The results show pure and scale efficiency of the fleet increases considerably during the after-ban period compared to the before-ban period. This relatively high technical efficiency at post-ban occurred due to the meaningful reduction of fishing days while optimizing the number of onboard skippers per vessel. Although the portion of skippers per vessel increases substantially at post-ban, this growth minimizes the onboard fishshorting, packaging, and grading works. Therefore, these tasks can be done faster than before.
The demersal fish composition and catch per unit effort of mini bottom trawl at the coast of Demak Regency Central Java
Authors: Fitriya Naliyana , Alfiatuunisa Nahlah , Partsuwiryo Suwarman , Setyobudi Eko
Published: November 2021

Demak is a coastal area on the North Coast of Java with a large enough potential for demersal fish resources. This research aimed to determine the composition, the length and weight distribution, and catch per unit effort (CPUE) of demersal fish caught using mini bottom trawl at the north coast of Demak Regency. The research was carried out in October-December 2020 by observation of ten trips of mini bottom trawl fishing. Each fish captured was then grouped by type, identified, and measured its length and weight. The result showed that 38 species consist of 31 fishes, four mollusks, and three crustaceans. The fish captured dominated by pony fish (Leiognathus equulus) as much as 31.23% and largehead hairtail (Trichiurus lepturus) of 23.52%. The catch per unit effort (CPUE) average of mini bottom trawl was 44.77 kg/trip. Mainly fish (more than 95%) caught in small size compared it’s the maximum attainable length (L-max), with all the weight ranges from 0.3 to 520 g and more than 98% sized 0.3-80 g. Mini bottom trawl catches many types of fish and small size; therefore, mini bottom trawl is classified as a type of fishing gear with a very low selectivity level.
Physical and chemical characterization of African catfish smoked sausage with different liquid smoke concentrations and immersion durations
Authors: Ernawati  , Awaludin Adam Moh. , Mei Widiastuti Irawati , Insivitawati Era
Published: November 2021

Product diversification is needed to increase selling and marketing prices. One of them is the African catfish sausage product. Liquid smoke has been used commercially by the food industry. This study aimed to determine the physical and chemical properties of smoked African catfish after adding different concentrations of liquid smoke and immersion duration. The chemical analysis measured the levels of protein, fat, and phenol. The results showed that sausage with a concentration of 20% liquid and soaking for 30 minutes was the best treatment with a protein content of 43.8 ± 0.34%, a fat of 12.33 ± 0.61%, and phenol 292.74 ppm. Determination of the compound using GC-MS found that the most dominant compound in the smokeless sausage was 2-hexanone, 3,3 dimethyl with a relative concentration of 32.42%. The dominant compound in the besttreated sausage was Furan, tetrahydro-2,2-dimethyl- with a relative concentration of 19%. Liquid smoke penetration is clearly visible in the microstructure of smoked sausages, both in the best-treated smoked sausages and commercial sausages. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) magnification of 2.500x shows that the best emulsified smoked sausages have a flatter structure, smaller droplets, and are more refined than smokeless sausages or commercial smoked sausages.
Characteristic and evaluation of sustainability artisanal bonito (Auxis spp.) fisheries in the Prigi Bay and surrounding waters
Authors: Wujdi Arief , Setyadji Bram , Hartaty Hety , Sulistyaningsih Ririk Kartika
Published: November 2021

Bonito plays an important role as the main ingredient for marinated products and provides a livelihood for coastal communities. Given the emergence of Indonesia's over-exploited small-scale marine fisheries resources, this study aims to characterize and evaluate fishery’s sustainability based on bioeconomic analyses. Time series catch and effort data were collected from 2005 to 2019 provided by Archipelagic Fishing Port of Prigi. Five surplus production models were also employed to generate catch-and-effort-based biological parameters, namely intrinsic growth rate (r), catchability (q), and carrying capacity (K). By adding economy parameters such as cost and price, the sustainability of catch and effort was also estimated at three management conditions. The catch abundance was peaked in April and September, characterized by the lack of rain. The CPUE was varied inter-annually. However, it declined during the last decade, indicating that the stock size was decreased. Although the average catches from 2015-2019 (9,984 tons) are lower than CMSY (11,695 tons). However, the effort in 2019 (15,239 trips) has exceeded EMEY (14,237 trips). Hence, reducing fishing efforts or maintaining it at E2018 level was suggested as a precaution to keep the fishery’s sustainability and simultaneously generate optimum profit.
Brackishwater pond development: present status and problems in the Padang Pariaman Regency of West Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Firdaus Mustika , Sulistiono  , Widigdo Bambang
Published: November 2021

Padang Pariaman Regency is one of the coastal regencies in West Sumatra which brackish aquaculture have been developed recently, especially shrimp pond aquaculture. This study was conducted to convey the pond's general condition, including the current status and the problems in aquaculture development. The method used was a desk study through the description of the status and the problems. Based on the study, the development of shrimp ponds increased quickly (63.77 ha) until 2019, which the largest number of ponds was in Batang Anai District, and spreading over 35 points. The production of that shrimp ponds in Padang Pariaman Regency reached 1,500 tons or Rp. 135 million (in 2017), which is marketed locally and outside Padang Pariaman. Problems that arose along with shrimp pond activities are 1. Shrimp pond construction is built very close to coastal areas 2. Shrimp pond activities do not have a business license, 3. Poor waste management of shrimp culture, 4. It is low involvement of the local community as technicians at the shrimp ponds, 5. Business license arrangement is done through third parties, and 6. It is an incompatibility between the area of ponds in the license and the real size of the ponds.
Community Empowerment through Processed Diversification and Marketing Strategy of the Wanita Gemari Polkahsar in Pemalang District
Authors: Nurmalia Nayu , Yuniarti Tatty , Zidhane Mauliddyane
Published: November 2021

Pemalang is one of the sub-districts in the Pemalang district which has considerable fishery potential. One area of business is the processing of fisheries. Products in each group vary, such a fish thrown, salted fish, fish cake, and fish chips. Identifying the problem hasn’t added to the variety of fisheries processing products. Packaging is less attractive. The purpose of research is to increase knowledge, skill, and attitude through outsourcing activities about product diversification and the marketing strategy. The study was carried out on 2nd March – 15 Mei 2020. Counseling methods with group meetings, demonstrations of tutorials, lectures, and group discussion with the aim of Wanita Gemari Poklahsar. Counseling activities include (1) diversification of processed fish, (2) marketing strategy through packaging designs, and (3) counseling about online marketing. The T-test conducted with SPSS shows a significant value of 0,000, which indicates that the counseling activities have a substantial effect on improving the aspects of respondents’ knowledge, skills, and attitudes.
The coastal community perspective of the mangrove ecosystem management in Karawang Regency, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Nugraha Yan A. , Sulistiono  , Susanto Handoko Adi
Published: November 2021

The development of coastal areas is growing rapidly in line with the high population growth that will threaten the continuity of coastal areas and ecosystems. Mangrove area located in the coastal area of Karawang Regency becomes an ecologically challenged area that greatly affects its sustainability. This study aims to examine mangrove ecosystems and community perspectives on the management of the mangrove ecosystems continuously and sustainably. The method used was a survey study at Nine Districts in Karawang Regency using the descriptive method with case study and perspective analysis on ten categories. Data were collected through interviews, observation and supported by secondary data. The description of this study was focused on mangrove ecosystem condition and community perspective in mangrove area management in coastal district Karawang. Data analysis used was a descriptive qualitative approach based on average with scales. The analysis results showed that most of the coastal communities in Karawang Regency strongly agree that; 1) The mangrove area in Karawang Regency is currently necessary/important to be managed to be sustainable, 2) The form of mangrove area management should involve all the local people, 3) There needs to be cooperation between the government and the local community in mangrove area management activities.
Clinical photography: attitudes of practitioners specialized in oral mucosal diseases
Authors: Olugbeje Helen , Bosco Julia , Lescaille Géraldine , Baaroun Vanessa , Rochefort Juliette
Published: November 2021

Introduction:Clinical photography is an important tool for clinical practice, training and research frequently used across medical specialties. It may provide snapshot images of evolving clinical situations. The aim of this work was to record its contribution in the management of oral mucosal diseases and, to identify the methods of using this tool by carrying out a survey with practitioners specialized in oral pathologies. This allowed us to make recommendations for appropriate use of this tool.Material and methods:An online anonymous questionnaire was sent via email, to practitioners who were member of two associations of French specialists.Results:51 oral medicine specialists completed the survey. Among them, 48 (94%) used photography in their daily practice. Lack of time or interest was the reasons given by the 3 practitioners who did not use photography. Pictures were mostly taken with smartphones, which provide precise and accurate images, and stored on personal or professional computers. Sharing of images was performed mostly by secured professional or personal email addresses. Consent was obtained verbally in most cases.Conclusion:Photography could be a valuable asset in the practice of oral medicine. However, recommendations for the safety of patient personal data are not always followed.
Validation de la version francophone du questionnaire d’attitudes envers les compétences communicationnelles et leur apprentissage (CSAS) chez des étudiants en médecine belges
Authors: Givron Hélène , Fischer Line , Desseilles Martin
Published: November 2021

Contexte :Les étudiants en médecine peuvent présenter des attitudes négatives envers les entraînements aux compétences communicationnelles (CC), limitant leur efficacité et transfert dans la pratique.Objectifs :Traduire et valider les propriétés psychométriques de la version francophone du questionnaireCommunication Skills Attitude Scale(CSAS) ; examiner d’éventuelles corrélations entre les attitudes de nos étudiants et certaines variables sociodémographiques et éducationnelles ; explorer les attitudes négatives de nos étudiants par le biais de données qualitatives.Méthodes :Un questionnaire auto-administré a été proposé à des étudiants de première, deuxième et troisième années de médecine lors de l’année universitaire 2018–2019. Le questionnaire contenait le CSAS traduit en français, des questions sociodémographiques, éducationnelles, un questionnaire explorant les compétences émotionnelles et une question ouverte pour les étudiants qui rapportaient un score extrême à l’item 19 du CSAS.Résultats :262 étudiants ont rempli ce questionnaire. Dans l’ensemble, l’analyse en composantes principales accrédite la structure originale du CSAS en deux composantes. Le test-retest montre des corrélations significatives en faveur de la fidélité de cette échelle. La validation convergente a été observéeviades corrélations positives significatives entre attitudes positives et compétences émotionnelles. Les femmes ont présenté des scores significativement plus élevés d’attitudes positives que les hommes. L’analyse de contenu thématique a permis d’identifier différents thèmes au sein des explications données par les étudiants à leur score à l’item 19.Conclusion :Cette étude offre une version francophone du CSAS utilisable pour des objectifs de recherche et d’éducation auprès d’étudiants francophones en médecine. Nos résultats invitent à explorer le fait que les scores d’attitudes positives et négatives pourraient être déterminés par des processus différents ainsi que l’intérêt de coupler l’utilisation de ce questionnaire à des outils de récolte de données qualitatives.
Endosonografische Drainage der Gallenblase wegen akuter Cholezystitis bei Patienten mit hohem Operationsrisiko
Authors: Zachäus Markus , Bartels Michael , Flade Andreas , Schubert-Hartmann Andreas , Lamberts Regina , Sepehri-Shamloo Alireza , Halm Ulrich Paul
Published: November 2021

Hintergrund Die Standardtherapie der akuten Cholezystitis ist die laparoskopische Cholezystektomie. Bei Patienten mit hohem Operationsrisiko kommen alternative Verfahren zur
Anwendung. Die perkutane Drainage ist allgemein verfügbar. Die alternative transpapilläre Drainage der Gallenblase über den Ductus cysticus hat nur begrenzte Erfolgsaussichten. Mit der
weiten Verbreitung der interventionellen Endosonografie und der Entwicklung neuer Stentsysteme hat sich die endosonografische Gallenblasendrainage als sicheres und zuverlässiges Verfahren
erwiesen.

Material und Methode Wir berichten retrospektiv über unsere Erfahrungen mit der endosonografischen Gallenblasendrainage an 11 konsekutiven Patienten bei akuter Cholezystitis zwischen
Dezember 2018 und Januar 2021.

Ergebnisse Es wird über 11 Patienten mit akuter Cholezystitis mit einem mittleren Lebensalter von 84,5 Jahren (70–95 Jahre) berichtet. Bei allen Patienten lagen schwere allgemeine
Begleitkrankheiten oder fortgeschrittene abdominelle Tumoren beziehungsweise die Kombination beider Konditionen vor. Nach interdisziplinärer Beratung wurde die Indikation zur
interventionellen Therapie gestellt. Diese wurde in 9 Fällen mittels alleiniger endosonografischer Drainage und in 2 Fällen mittels perkutaner und zweizeitiger endosonografischer Drainage
durchgeführt. Technischer Erfolg wurde bei 10 Fällen (91%), klinischer Erfolg bei 9 Fällen (82%) erzielt. Es gab in 2 Fällen prozedurenbezogene Komplikationen, die zur Operation führten.

Schlussfolgerung Im Falle hoher Operationsrisiken stellt die endosonografische Drainage der Gallenblase eine sichere und definitive Therapie dar. Diese kann allein oder in
Kombination mit einer perkutanen Drainage erfolgen. Die endosonografische Drainage ist der alleinigen perkutanen Drainage durch geringere Komplikationsraten und niedrigere Raten notwendiger
Folgeeingriffe überlegen. Daher sollte in Fällen eines inadäquat hohen Operationsrisikos die endosonografische Drainage der Gallenblase der perkutanen vorgezogen worden, vor allem, wenn eine
definitive Therapie erforderlich ist.
Indium(III)-Catalyzed Synthesis of Primary Carbamates and N-Substituted Ureas
Authors: Malik Payal , Jain Isha
Published: November 2021

An indium triflate-catalyzed synthesis of primary carbamates from alcohols and urea as an ecofriendly carbonyl source has been developed. Various linear, branched, and cyclic alcohols were converted into the corresponding carbamates in good to excellent yields. This method also provided access to N-substituted ureas by carbamoylation of amines. All the products were obtained by simple filtration or crystallization, without the need for chromatographic purification. Mechanistic investigations suggest that the carbamoylation reaction proceeds through activation of urea by O-coordination with indium, followed by nucleophilic attack by the alcohol or amine on the carbonyl center of urea. The inexpensive and easily available starting materials and catalyst, the short reaction times, and the ease of product isolation highlight the inherent practicality of the developed method.
Influência da hipovitaminose D na ocorrência das fraturas
Authors: Valle Cleandro Augusto Ribeiro do , Pedri Luiz Alfredo Furtado , Pires Guilherme Bigonha , Blanco Mariella Soares , Paula Bruna Soares , Araújo Carlos Delano Mundim
Published: November 2021

Objetivo Dosar a vitamina D nos pacientes internados por fratura e avaliar sua relação com as fraturas.

Métodos Realizou-se estudo primário, analítico, transversal, não intervencional, observacional, controlado, em seres humanos. Fez-se a dosagem sérica de: vitamina D, paratormônio(PTH), cálcio, fósforo, magnésio e albumina em 49 pacientes que foram internados consecutivamente para cirurgia devido a fratura(s) (grupo de estudo), e em 50 pacientes, dos diversos ambulatórios, sem fraturas, e que realizaram exames de rotina (grupo de controle).

Resultados A média de 25-hidroxivitamina D (25[OH]D) nos pacientes com fraturas foi de 23,78 ±  8,01 ng/mL (61,22% dos pacientes com fraturas apresentaram hipovitaminose D). A média de 25(OH)D do grupo de controle foi de 37,52 ±  9,21 ng/mL (10% dos pacientes apresentaram hipovitaminose D). A maioria dos casos de hipovitaminose (96%) não cursou com hiperparatireoidismo secundário (média do PTH = 41,80 ±  22,75 pg/mL).

Conclusão A hipovitaminose D foi encontrada em um percentual expressivo (61,22%) dos pacientes que sofreram fraturas. Mais estudos sobre o assunto são necessários para se compreender melhor a influência da hipovitaminose D na ocorrência das fraturas e os benefícios da suplementação com vitamina D nesses pacientes.
Variações baseadas em gênero no movimento e na força isométrica do tronco em jovens adultos com dor lombar: Um estudo de caso-controle prospectivo
Authors: Jain Shikha , Shetty Gautam , Munje Pratiksha , Bhan Anita , Linjhara Sanya , Ram CS
Published: November 2021

Objetivo Determinar as variações na amplitude de movimento (ADM) do tronco e na força isométrica do tronco (FIT) em jovens adultos sintomáticos e assintomáticos baseadas no gênero dos indivíduos.

Métodos Neste estudo caso-controle prospectivo, 73 indivíduos com dor lombar (DL) e 80 indivíduos assintomáticos foram analisados. As medidas de ADM do tronco e FIT de extensão, flexão e rotação foram comparadas em ambos os grupos e em subgrupos organizados por gênero. A análise multivariada foi usada para determinar os fatores que influenciam a ADM do tronco e a FIT.

Resultados Indivíduos do sexo masculino sintomáticos tiveram ADM de extensão e FIT de extensão, flexão e rotação significativamente menor (p < 0,0001) em comparação com indivíduos do sexo masculino assintomáticos, enquanto nenhuma diferença significativa foi encontrada entre indivíduos do sexo feminino assintomáticos e sintomáticos. No entanto, as relações médias da ADM de extensão-flexão e de FIT de extensão-flexão em indivíduos do sexo feminino foram significativamente menores (p = 0,04) em indivíduos do sexo feminino assintomáticos em comparação com indivíduos do sexo feminino sintomáticos. O sexo feminino foi significativamente associado com menor FIT de extensão e flexão em indivíduos de ambos os grupos assintomáticos e sintomáticos.

Conclusão Indivíduos do sexo masculino com DL apresentaram significativa fraqueza global relacionada à FIT quando comparados com indivíduos do sexo masculino assintomáticos. Apesar de não haver diferença significativa de FIT em indivíduos do sexo feminino sintomáticos versus assintomáticos, a DL impactou a ADM e a FIT de extensão-flexão em indivíduos do sexo feminino. Essas variações de ADM do tronco e FIT baseadas no sexo, especialmente o desequilíbrio extensor-flexor de força isométrica em indivíduos do sexo feminino, devem ser consideradas ao projetar-se protocolos de tratamento de reabilitação para lombalgia.
Fatores prognósticos da cirurgia de Latarjet
Authors: Vilela José Carlos Souza , Franco Nicolas , Campos Gustavo , Deligne Lucas de Melo , Machado Thalles Leandro Abreu
Published: November 2021

Objetivo Investigar os fatores que influenciam os resultados funcionais dos pacientes submetidos ao procedimento de Latarjet.

Métodos Avaliação de 26 pacientes submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico, seguindo a técnica de Latarjet, devido a luxação anterior recidivante traumática da articulação glenoumeral, com perda óssea glenoidal maior do que 20% e/ou lesão off-track. O tempo mínimo de seguimento foi de doze meses. Foram avaliadas as seguintes escalas: Escala Visual Analógica (EVA), The Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI), e Subjective Shoulder Value (SSV), além dos dados objetivos dos participantes.

Resultados A maioria dos pacientes (84,62%) não apresentou recidiva de luxação, e 92,31% ficaram satisfeitos. Em relação à análise funcional, a pontuação do componente físico (PCF) e a pontuação do compenente mental (PCM) encontradas estavam dentro da média de qualidade de vida da população. Os sintomas físicos, pela escala WOSI, apresentaram a melhor porcentagem (8,5%), ao passo que o pior resultado foi observado com relação ao estilo de vida (20%). Na EVA, a dor foi classificada como moderada (3/10) por 15,38% dos pacientes (4/26). Em relação aos esportes, os pacientes que praticavam alguma atividade esportiva apresentaram melhora nos parâmetros da escala SSV, que tiveram relação inversa com o número de recidivas. Observou-se ainda que, quanto menor foi o tempo entre a primeira luxação e a realização da cirurgia, maior foi a satisfação do paciente.

Conclusão A indicação precoce do tratamento cirúrgico da instabilidade anterior glenoumeral pode proporcionar melhores resultados funcionais subjetivos ao paciente.
Fixação externa do anel de Ilizarov para fraturas complexas do platô tibial
Authors: Ghimire Anil , Devkota Pramod , Bhandari Kailash Kumar , Kharel Yubaraj , Pradhan Saju
Published: November 2021

Objetivo Analisar os resultados clínicos, radiológicos e funcionais da fratura do planalto tibial (Schatzker Tipo V, VI) tratada com fixador externo do anel Illizarov com ou sem abertura mínima.

Métodos Um total de 52 fraturas do planalto tibial dos tipos V e VI foram tratadas com fixador externo do anel Ilizarov com ou sem fixação interna mínima. A avaliação do desfecho funcional foi feita utilizando-se o escore da American Knee Society (AKS, na sigla em inglês) com consolidação clínica, radiológica e complicações encontradas.

Resultados Foram 37 (71,15%) pacientes do sexo masculino e 15 (28,84%) do sexo feminino, com idade média de 39,07 ± 12,58 anos. Acidentes de trânsito (ATs) foram a principal causa das fraturas, contabilizando 32 casos (61,53%), seguidos por lesão por queda, com 16 casos (30,76%), e impacto direto, com 4 casos (7,69%). Foram 21 (40,38%) casos de fraturas tipo V, 31 (59,61%) casos do tipo VI e 24 (46,15%) casos de fratura exposta. Os escores médios da AKS para as fraturas tipo V e VI foram de 82,8 e 80,70, respectivamente, mas não foi estatisticamente significativo em p <0,05. O escore médio da AKS para fraturas fechadas e abertas também não foi estatisticamente significativo em p <0,05.

Conclusões Para a fratura do planalto tibial complexa dos tipos V e VI de Schatzker, a fixação externa de Ilizarov é um método de tratamento seguro, econômico e eficiente que resulta em resultados satisfatórios.
Electronic Medication Management Systems: Analysis of Enhancements to Reduce Errors and Improve Workflow
Authors: Kinlay Madaline , Ho Lai Mun Rebecca , Zheng Wu Yi , Burke Rosemary , Juraskova Ilona , Moles Rebekah , Baysari Melissa
Published: November 2021

Background Electronic medication management (eMM) has been shown to reduce medication errors; however, new safety risks have also been introduced that are associated with system use. No research has specifically examined the changes made to eMM systems to mitigate these risks.

Objectives To (1) identify system-related medication errors or workflow blocks that were the target of eMM system updates, including the types of medications involved, and (2) describe and classify the system enhancements made to target these risks.

Methods In this retrospective qualitative study, documents detailing updates made from November 2014 to December 2019 to an eMM system were reviewed. Medication-related updates were classified according to “rationale for changes” and “changes made to the system.”

Results One hundred and seventeen updates, totaling 147 individual changes, were made to the eMM system over the 4-year period. The most frequent reasons for changes being made to the eMM were to prevent medication errors (24% of reasons), optimize workflow (22%), and support “work as done” on paper (16%). The most frequent changes made to the eMM were options added to lists (14% of all changes), extra information made available on the screen (8%), and the wording or phrasing of text modified (8%). Approximately a third of the updates (37%) related to high-risk medications. The reasons for system changes appeared to vary over time, as eMM functionality and use expanded.

Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first study to systematically review and categorize system updates made to overcome new safety risks associated with eMM use. Optimization of eMM is an ongoing process, which changes over time as users become more familiar with the system and use is expanded to more sites. Continuous monitoring of the system is necessary to detect areas for improvement and capitalize on the benefits an electronic system can provide.
Constrained non-negative matrix factorization enabling real-time insights of in situ and high-throughput experiments
Authors: Maffettone Phillip M. , Daly Aidan C. , Olds Daniel
Published: November 2021

Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) is an appealing class of methods for performing unsupervised learning on streaming spectral data, particularly in time-sensitive applications such as in situ characterization of materials. These methods seek to decompose a dataset into a small number of components and weights that can compactly represent the underlying signal while effectively reconstructing the observations with minimal error. However, canonical NMF methods have no underlying requirement that the reconstruction uses components or weights that are representative of the true physical processes. In this work, we demonstrate how constraining a subset of the NMF weights or components as rigid priors, provided as known or assumed values, can provide significant improvement in revealing true underlying phenomena. We present a PyTorch-based method for efficiently applying constrained NMF and demonstrate its application to several synthetic examples. Our implementation allows an expert researcher-in-the-loop to provide and dynamically adjust the constraints during a live experiment involving streaming spectral data. Such interactive priors allow researchers to specify known or identified independent components, as well as functional expectations about the mixing or transitions between the components. We further demonstrate the application of this method to measured synchrotron x-ray total scattering data from in situ beamline experiments. In such a context, constrained NMF can result in a more interpretive and scientifically relevant decomposition than canonical NMF or other decomposition techniques. The details of the method are provided, along with general guidance for employing constrained NMF in the extraction of critical information and insights during time-sensitive experimental applications.
Validation of body condition score based on subcutaneous fat thickness measurements in primiparous Gyr cows
Authors: Miranda Catiúcia Oliveira , Paz Ana Carolina Almeida Rollo de , do Bem Ricardo Dutra , Barbosa Glayk Humberto Vilela , Mercadante Maria Eugênia Zerlotti , Vercesi Filho Aníbal Eugênio , Rabelo Fernandes André , El Faro Lenira
Published: November 2021

Context The body condition score (BCS) is an easily measured, fast, inexpensive, and non-invasive tool to estimate the amount of body fat and to evaluate the nutritional status of dairy cows. Aims The aim of this study was to validate BCS in primiparous Gyr cows by using ultrasound measurements of subcutaneous fat (FT). Methods Body weight, BCS (score of 1–9) and FT measured at five body sites (FT1–FT5) were recorded during the prepartum and postpartum periods. Linear regression of FT on BCS and Pearson’s correlations were used. Key results The correlations between body weight and FT measures ranged from 0.49 to 0.63 and from 0.51 to 0.64 during the pre- and postpartum periods respectively, while the correlations between BCS and FT ranged from 0.69 to 0.82 and from 0.67 to 0.78 in the two periods. The BCS better reflected the variation in FT before and after calving than did body weight. Linear regression models were used to explore the relationship between BCS and FT measurements considering the former as the predictor variable. The coefficients of determination (R2) obtained for the prepartum variables ranged from 0.48 to 0.67. The highest R2 was obtained for the model that included FT measured in the lumbar region midway between the last rib and tuber coxae (hook; FT4) as the response variable. The R2 of the models whose response variables were obtained during the postpartum period ranged from 0.45 to 0.60. The highest R2 was observed when the pelvic region midway between the tuber coxae (hook) and tuber ischii (pin; FT2) was used as a response variable. Conclusions The correlations between BCS and FT validate the use of BCS obtained by visual assessment as a tool for evaluating fat reserves in Gyr dams before calving and during first lactation. Among the FT measurements, FT2 and FT4 are interesting because both are easy to measure and showed higher correlations and coefficients of determination with BCS before calving and lactation. Implications The BCS is an accessible tool for producers that requires only training of the evaluator and that is economically viable since no special equipment is needed.
Critical Period After Stroke Study (CPASS): A phase II clinical trial testing an optimal time for motor recovery after stroke in humans
Authors: Dromerick Alexander W. , Geed Shashwati , Barth Jessica , Brady Kathaleen , Giannetti Margot L. , Mitchell Abigail , Edwardson Matthew A. , Tan Ming T. , Zhou Yizhao , Newport Elissa L. , Edwards Dorothy F.
Published: November 2021

Significance

Restoration of postinjury brain function is a signal neuroscience challenge. Animal models of stroke recovery demonstrate time-limited windows of heightened motor recovery, similar to developmental neuroplasticity. However, no equivalent windows have been demonstrated in humans. We report a randomized controlled trial applying essential elements of animal motor training paradigms to humans, to determine the existence of an analogous sensitive period in adults. We found a similar sensitive or optimal period 60 to 90 d after stroke, with lesser effects ≤30 d and no effect 6 mo or later after stroke. These findings prospectively demonstrated the existence of a sensitive period in adult humans. We urge the provision of more intensive motor rehabilitation within 60 to 90 d after stroke onset.
Altered synaptic connectivity and brain function in mice lacking microglial adapter protein Iba1
Authors: Lituma Pablo J. , Woo Evan , O’Hara Bruce F. , Castillo Pablo E. , Sibinga Nicholas E. S. , Nandi Sayan
Published: November 2021

Significance

Abnormal microglia–neuron interaction is increasingly implicated in neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric conditions, such as autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia, as well as in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease. This study demonstrates that the deletion of the microglia-specific protein Iba1, which has long been utilized as a selective microglial marker but whose role has remained unidentified, results in microglial structural and functional impairments that significantly impact synaptic development and behavior. These findings not only highlight the importance of microglia in brain function but may also suggest that modifying the microglial function could provide a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of neurodevelopmental, neuropsychiatric, and neurodegenerative disorders.
Doing animal welfare transdisciplinary research with stakeholders: advantages, pitfalls and hands-on solutions.
Authors: Buning Tjard de Cock , Benard Marianne
Published: November 2021

This chapter provides an example of how an animal welfare project can move from monodisciplinary to transdisciplinary research, and the potential hurdles that can occur in this process. It provides suggestions on how to set up interdisciplinary projects and how communication within such teams can be made more effective.
Human-centred research approaches to improve animal welfare: survey design and stakeholder involvement.
Authors: Carroll Grace A. , Groarke Jenny M. , Graham-Wisener Lisa
Published: November 2021

This chapter provides a starting point for conducting high-quality, rigorous research in animal welfare science by focusing on human-centred research approaches that can be used to improve animal welfare, with emphasis on concepts, techniques and pitfalls in relation to survey design and stakeholder development.
Using neuroscience to better understand animals and their welfare.
Authors: Camerlink Irene
Published: November 2021

In this chapter, a brief overview of the vast field of neuroscience is given in relation to animal welfare science. The outlined techniques provide examples of how neuroscience can help us to gain insight into animals' mental experiences.
Deflection of charged massive particles by a four-dimensional charged Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet black hole
Authors: Li Zonghai , Duan Yujie , Jia Junji
Published: November 2021

Based on the Jacobi metric method, this paper studies the deflection of a charged massive particle by a novel four-dimensional charged Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet black hole. We focus on the weak field approximation and consider the deflection angle with finite distance effects. To this end, we use a geometric and topological method, which is to apply the Gauss–Bonnet theorem to the Jacobi space to calculate the deflection angle. We find that the deflection angle contains a pure gravitational contribution δ
g, a pure electrostatic δ
c and a gravitational–electrostatic coupling term δ
gc. We find that the deflection angle increases (decreases) if the Gauss–Bonnet coupling constant α is negative (positive). Furthermore, the effects of the BH charge, the particle charge-to-mass ratio and the particle velocity on the deflection angle are analyzed.
Geometrization of light bending and its application to SdS

w

spacetime
Authors: Zhang Zhen
Published: November 2021

The mysterious dark energy remains one of the greatest puzzles of modern science. Current detections for it are mostly indirect. The spacetime effects of dark energy can be locally described by the SdS
w
metric. Understanding these local effects exactly is an essential step toward the direct probe of dark energy. From first principles, we prove that dark energy can exert a repulsive dark force on astrophysical scales, different from the Newtonian attraction of both visible and dark matter. One way of measuring local effects of dark energy is through the gravitational deflection of light. We geometrize the bending of light in any curved static spacetime. First of all, we define a generalized deflection angle, referred to as the Gaussian deflection angle, in a mathematically strict and conceptually clean way. Basing on the Gauss–Bonnet theorem, we then prove that the Gaussian deflection angle is equivalent to the surface integral of the Gaussian curvature over a chosen lensing patch. As an application of the geometrization, we study the problem of whether dark energy affects the bending of light and provide a strict solution to this problem in the SdS
w
spacetime. According to this solution, we propose a method to overcome the difficulty of measuring local dark energy effects. Exactly speaking, we find that the lensing effect of dark energy can be enhanced by 14 orders of magnitude when properly choosing the lensing patch in certain cases. It means that we can probe the existence and nature of dark energy directly in our Solar System. This points to an exciting direction to help unraveling the great mystery of dark energy.
Factorization method with one plane wave: from model-driven and data-driven perspectives
Authors: Ma Guanqiu , Hu Guanghui
Published: November 2021

The factorization method provides a necessary and sufficient condition for characterizing the shape and position of an unknown scatterer by using far-field patterns of infinitely many time-harmonic plane waves at a fixed frequency (which are also called the multistatic data response matrix). This paper is concerned with the factorization method with a single far-field pattern to recover an arbitrary convex polygonal scatterer/source. Its one-wave version relies on the absence of analytical continuation of the scattered/radiated wave-fields in corner domains. It can be regarded as a domain-defined sampling method and does not require forward solvers. In this paper we provide a rigorous mathematical justification of the one-wave factorization method and present some preliminary numerical examples. In particular, the proposed method can be interpreted as a model-driven and data-driven imaging scheme, and it shows how to incorporate a priori knowledge about the unknown target into the test scatterers for the purpose of detecting obstacles/sources with specific features.
Levenberg–Marquardt method for ill-posed inverse problems with possibly non-smooth forward mappings between Banach spaces
Authors: Nhu Vu Huu
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we consider a Levenberg–Marquardt method with general regularization terms that are uniformly convex on bounded sets to solve the ill-posed inverse problems in Banach spaces, where the forward mapping might not Gâteaux differentiable and the image space is unnecessarily reflexive. The method therefore extends the one proposed by Jin and Yang in (2016 Numer. Math.
133 655–684) for smooth inverse problem setting with globally uniformly convex regularization terms. We prove a novel convergence analysis of the proposed method under some standing assumptions, in particular, the generalized tangential cone condition and a compactness assumption. All these assumptions are fulfilled when investigating the identification of the heat source for semilinear elliptic boundary-value problems with a Robin boundary condition, a heat source acting on the boundary, and a possibly non-smooth nonlinearity. Therein, the Clarke subdifferential of the non-smooth nonlinearity is employed to construct the family of bounded operators that is a replacement for the non-existing Gâteaux derivative of the forward mapping. The efficiency of the proposed method is illustrated with a numerical example.
Absorption-dominant microwave shielding properties of Sn0.2Fe2.8O4-graphite-PVDF ternary nanocomposite films
Authors: P Lavanya Rathi , Ponraj Bharathi , S Deepa
Published: November 2021

Absorption-dominant microwave shields are in high demand for mitigating the effect of electromagnetic interference (EMI) on devices and the environment. In this paper, we describe the development of absorption enhanced ternary nanocomposites and their EMI shielding capability. Polymer based shields have been fabricated by dispersing conducting graphite and magnetic spinel ferrite Sn0.2Fe2.8O4 nanoparticles in electroactive polymer polyvinylidene fluoride. Shielding effectiveness (SE) values in the expected range of 10–30 dB in the X-band region, were achieved with as low as 30–50 wt% of pristine graphite and 1–10 wt% of Sn0.2Fe2.8O4. The industrial standard of 99% shielding (SE ⩾ 20 dB) was obtained with 50 wt% of graphite. The composites exhibit absorption as the dominant mechanism of shielding. The percentage SE due to absorption is about 70% and is tuned upwards by the increase in ferrite concentration. The composites were characterized by x-ray diffraction and vibrating sample magnetometry; thermal analysis confirms their stability. The thin, flexible films fabricated by the simple and cost-efficient technique of solution casting will be extremely valuable as wrap-on shields for X-band microwave attenuation.
Low-temperature luminescence in organic-inorganic lead iodide perovskite single crystals
Authors: Zhevstovskikh Irina V , Averkiev Nikita S , Sarychev Maksim N , Semenova Olga I , Tereshchenko Oleg E
Published: November 2021

We present a temperature and laser-power dependent photoluminescence (PL) study of methylammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3) single crystals in the orthorhombic phase. At temperatures below 140 K, we revealed the multi-component PL emission. In addition to a free exciton with an energy of 1.65 eV, we found emission bands with peaks approximately equal to 1.6 eV, 1.52 eV, and 1.48 eV. Analysis of the thermal evolution of the intensities, peak positions, and linewidths of all the PL bands allowed one to determine their origin. We attributed the PL peak with energy of 1.6 eV to a bound exciton, while the free exciton-bound exciton splitting energy is 50–60 meV. The PL emission with an energy of 1.52 eV can be explained by the donor-acceptor pair (DAP) recombination, where donor and acceptor defects have a depth of about 12 meV and 120 meV, respectively. MA (CH3NH3) interstitials (MA

i
+

) and lead vacancies (V

P
b

2
−

) are the most suitable for the DAP transition to occur in CH3NH3PbI3 crystals. The 1.48 eV PL emission is consistent with the recombination of self-trapped excitons, and interstitial iodine is likely to be an active trap source. We found the variation of the self-trapped depth from 15 meV (at

T
<

80 K) to 53 meV (at

T
>

80 K) with increasing the temperature. Although the multi-component PL emission in CH3NH3PbI3 single crystals appears at low temperatures, defects and excitonic traps that cause this emission can affect the photophysics of hybrid perovskites at higher temperatures.
Higgs production in association with a dark-Z at future electron positron colliders
Authors: Giffin Pierce , Lewis Ian M , Zheng Ya-Juan
Published: November 2021

In recent years there have been many proposals for new electron–positron colliders, such as the circular electron–positron collider, the international linear collider, and the future circular collider in electron–positron mode. Much of the motivation for these colliders is precision measurements of the Higgs boson and searches for new electroweak states. Hence, many of these studies are focused on energies above the hZ threshold. However, there are proposals to run these colliders at the lower W
W threshold and Z-pole energies. In this paper, we study a new search for Higgs physics accessible at lower energies: e
+
e
− → hZ
d, where Z
d is a new light gauge boson such as a dark photon or dark-Z. Such searches can be conducted at the W
W threshold, i.e. energies below the hZ threshold where exotic Higgs decays can be searched for in earnest. Additionally, due to very good angular and energy resolution at future electron–positron colliders, these searches will be sensitive to Z
d masses below 1 GeV, which is lower than the current direct LHC searches. We will show that at

s

=
160

GeV with 10 ab−1, a search for e
+
e
− → hZ
d is sensitive to h − Z − Z
d couplings of δ ∼ 9 × 10−3 and cross sections of

∼
2
−
3

ab for Z
d masses below 1 GeV. The results are similar at

s

=
240

GeV with 5 ab−1. These limits are better than those expected from limits on the HL-LHC limits on Higgs branching ratio into generic non-standard model final states and comparable to meson decay limits.
A geometric calibration approach for an industrial cone-beam CT system based on a low-rank phantom
Authors: Yu Jianqiao , Lu Jian , Sun Yi , Liu Jishun , Cheng Kai
Published: November 2021

Precise alignment of the system scan geometry is crucial to ensure the reconstructed image quality in a cone-beam computed tomography (CT) system. A calibration method that depends on the local features of a multi-sphere phantom is probably affected by local image variations. In addition, multiple projections with circular scanning are usually required by this type of method to derive misaligned parameters. In contrast to previous works, this paper proposes a method that depends on the global symmetric low-rank feature of a novel phantom, which can accurately represent the system geometrical misalignment. All the misaligned parameters of the cone-beam CT system can be estimated from a single perspective direction without circular scanning. Meanwhile, since the global low-rank feature of the phantom is utilized, the proposed method is robust to noise. We study the performance of the proposed method through simulations and real experiments. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can estimate the system geometric parameters accurately, leading to superior image quality, with the modulation transfer function of our method (0.22) higher than that of the competing method (0.13) at the spatial resolution of 10 lp mm−1.