bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE PEDAGOGICAL BASIS OF THE ORIGIN OF THE HUMAN GENEALOGY IN THE CONTENT OF ETHNOPEDAGOGICAL EDUCATION
Authors:   Toraigov University Pavlodar, Kazakhstan, Zhumatayeva Y.
Published: April 2022

According to the algorithm of ethnic education, it was differentiated that today the first form of the ethnic component under consideration is nobility. In the form of the content of education, the article analyzed the students' ability to assess their kinship with a focus on future life in the dynamics of constant growth of knowledge and scientific intuition. In recent centuries, the ethnic component of the Kazakh people has been criticized by socialism and slandered by "tribalism". The spiritual value of the ancestral bloodline collapsed. The article creates a methodological justification of this issue. In fact, a shadow has fallen on the inner content of the concept of "zheti ata". Currently, some people are passionate about writing chronicles, memoirs about the fact that their great-grandfathers were famous heroes, rulers of the country, etc. Therefore, the algorithm of this problem has changed. In this paper, a justification was made for him. The essence of the article lies in the fact that the reference source of the article is the orientation towards the assimilation of related concepts. It was found that issues related to nobility belong not only to the Kazakh people, this concept is of great importance for any ethnic group.
MEDIA-TECHNOLOGY IN MORAL EDUCATION OF STUDENT
Authors:   Al-Farabi Kazakh State University, Kazakhstan, Akramova A.
Published: April 2022

In the context of the continuous development of the economy, new requirements are constantly being put forward for the importance of the process of training and education. At the present stage, the focus of the world education reform has shifted to national quality education. The priority of such education is the upbringing of an all-round literate and educated person. Media technologies are one of the tools of modern influence on the process of teaching and upbringing. The authors consider media technologies as a set of systemic methods and actions of media education aimed at the formation of a personality, possessing a culture of mass communication, interaction in society based on humanistic ideals and values. Spiritual and moral education is the highest priority in education. The article highlights the question of how to reasonably use media technologies in order to develop the moral education of students and minimize the negative impact of new media on the ideological and moral level of students. The authors analyze the possibilities and problems in the moral education of students in the environment of new media.
THE RESULTS OF THE ANALYSIS OF THE INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE OF ENTRY OF TVET AND UNIVERSITIES GRADUATES IN THE PROFESSION OF «TEACHERS»
Authors:   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Berikkhanova A.E.
Published: April 2022

The educational system of each country plays a major role in improving the quality of human resources in society. Any educational reform in the country is impossible without the participation of highly qualified and competitive teachers. Therefore, the quality of teacher training at TVET and universities levels is main problems in the world. This article deals with the main features of teacher training in TVET and higher educational institutions in foreign countries. The main emphasis is placed on the research of the organization of internship practices, pedagogical internships, as well as the problems of the training of applied bachelors in the system of TVET. On the basis of an overview of international experience in the field of education, conclusions are drawn on the modernization of the educational system in Kazakhstan and on improving the quality of vocational training for future teachers. This article was written within the scope of program-targeted funding of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the topic "Scientific foundations of modernization of the education and science system", section "Research and development of recommendations for the transformation of the pedagogical direction in the TVET system in accordance with the best world practices".
WORKING WITH TEXT AS A FACTOR OF FORMING THE FUNCTIONAL LITERACY OF STUDENTS
Authors:   I. Zhansugurov Zhetysu University,  040022 Zhansugurova str., 187 A, Taldykorgan, Kazakhstan, Klychniyazova G.
Published: April 2022

The article discusses working with text as a factor in the formation of students' functional literacy. The results of PISA of Kazakhstani students are analyzed and the importance of increasing the role of text work in the formation of functional literacy is emphasized. In general, the definitions of the concepts "Literacy", "Functional literacy" are analyzed. It is argued that in the formation of functional literacy through working with text, priority should be given to the following several main types of literacy. This is, first of all, communicative literacy, which predicts the fluency of all types of speech activity; the ability to adequately understand the spoken and written speech of the interlocutor; oral and independent expression of ideas, secondly, information literacy - the ability to search for information in textbooks and reference books, obtain information from the Internet and CDs with educational content, as well as from various other sources, process and organize information and present it in different ways; practical literacy is a manifestation of organizational skills and abilities, in particular, goal setting and verbal formulation of action, planning and, if necessary, changing it, verbal confirmation of these changes, self-control, self-esteem and self-esteem. These activities include writing essays based on word processing, case studies, practice and project assignments. And also an experiment was carried out, as a result of which it was found that working with the text has a positive effect on the formation of the functional competence of students.
Sosyoloji, Kriminoloji ve Fotoğraf
Authors: ÖZCAN Özen Özlem
Published: April 2022

Suç sosyolojisi bağlamında yapılan çalışmaların kriminolojinin ortaya çıkışındaki katkıları yadsınamaz. Suç ve suçlu davranışının meydana gelmesinde psikolojik faktörler olduğu kadar sosyolojik faktörler de bulunmaktadır. Sosyolojinin çalışma alanlarının birçoğu, suç ve suçlu davranışının, sebebi veya sonucu olarak karşımıza çıkmakta ve öncül toplumsal sorunlardan biri olması nedeniyle, sosyolojik açıdan ele alınması önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada ise bir sosyolog bakış açısıyla görsel kriminoloji ele alınıp görsellik fotoğraf ile sınırlandırılarak incelenmiştir. Görsel kriminolojide fotoğraf ölçeğinde, el ilanları, reklamlar, uyarı niteliğindeki görseller (sigara içilmez vb.) değerlendirme dışı bırakılmıştır. Görsel verilerden faydalanarak, suç ve suçlu davranışının açıklanması, sosyolojik faktörlerin önemini daha da arttırmaktadır. Bu durum bize suç ve suçlu davranışının sadece psikolojiyle alakalı olmadığı yönündeki fikri güçlü bir şekilde desteklemeye avantaj sağlar. Çalışmanın yöntemi, literatür taramasına dayalı olarak betimsel analizdir. Suç teorileri kısaca özetlenip görsel kriminoloji başlığı altında, öncelikle sosyoloji ve kriminoloji ilişkisine değinilmiştir. Görsel kriminoloji informal başka bir deyişle yazılı olmayan kurallarla ilgilidir. Bu doğrultuda fotoğrafların suç ve suçlu davranışı açısından bir sınıflandırılması yapılmıştır. Yapılan bu sınıflandırma neticesinde fotoğrafın görsel kriminoloji içerisindeki yeri, önemi ve katkıları gösterilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu açıdan yapılan bu sınıflandırma çalışmanın özgün yanını oluşturmaktadır.
“We can’t really know cos we weren’t really there”: Identifying Irish primary children’s bottleneck beliefs about history
Authors:   Dublin City University, Ireland, Ní Cassaithe Caitriona , Waldron Fionnuala ,   Dublin City University, Ireland, Dooley Thérèse ,   Dublin City University, Ireland
Published: April 2022

While there has been a wave of interest in epistemology as a field of study, there have been few studies focused on primary-aged children and even fewer on their epistemic beliefs about history. Due to the lack of research with younger age groups, much of the explanatory power of the prevailing frameworks in epistemic research has been extrapolated from research conducted with older populations. To address this concern, this paper reports on a series of semi-structured interviews designed to identify primary children’s beliefs about the nature of history and historical knowledge. Thematic analysis of the data provided a rich and textured insight into their understanding of the nature of history and historical knowledge and it was found that these beliefs appear to have their origins in both the children’s experiences of history and their common sense (or domain-general) ideas of how the world works. This analysis also highlighted a number of “epistemic bottlenecks” (beliefs about the nature of history and historical knowledge that served to constrain historical understanding). Though emergent, these bottlenecks parallel older students’ preconceptions of the nature of history. This suggests that if unchallenged, the epistemic beliefs young children form about history in the early years can remain relatively stable throughout their education. Identifying and challenging those beliefs that can constrain student understanding is therefore crucial to both a student’s learning experience and the progression of their conceptual understanding of history.
What makes a testimony believable? Spanish students’ conceptions about historical interpretation and the aims of history in secondary education
Authors:   University of Valladolid, Spain, Miguel-Revilla Diego
Published: April 2022

Epistemic beliefs about history can have a profound impact on the way students understand and approach this discipline in the classroom. During the last decades, significant efforts have been made in order to conceptualise different epistemic stances, which can be linked with historical thinking concepts such as the use of evidence. Recent research indicates that epistemic beliefs in history are not only connected to an understanding about the nature of the discipline and the debate about objectivity, but also to the conception of evidence and interpretation in history. This study makes use of a qualitative design in order to examine the conceptions and ideas regarding history of 107 fourth-year secondary education students from three different regions in Spain. Participants were asked to discuss and analyse recent and contrasting interpretations of sources linked to the Spanish transition to democracy (1975-1982), a recent and controversial period. Information was obtained using a structured questionnaire, and responses were transcribed, codified and qualitatively analysed using emerging categories with ATLAS.ti. Results indicate that a majority of students argued that all testimonies can be equally valid in history, even if they show different interpretations or contradictory visions. Only a reduced number of participants focused on the notion of evidence as a determining factor that can indicate whether a testimony is believable, in line with a criterialist epistemic stance. Spontaneous and implicit references to the notions of objectivity and subjectivity in history were also analysed. Results also show diverse conceptions about the aims of history: many secondary education students explicitly indicated that history can be a useful tool to avoid the mistakes of the past, and argued that it should not be imitated. Some participants argued that history can help understand our present, while only a minority of students explicitly argued that each particular historical context should always be taken into account before drawing any lesson from the past. Finally, a discussion is provided about the possibility of examining students’ epistemic beliefs by allowing them to address history first- hand. The study concludes that some of the conceptual shortfalls that were detected in secondary education students could be addressed by fostering historical thinking and understanding, and by allowing students to work with sources and testimonies.
Ülkemizde İngilizce Tıp Eğitiminde Kullanılan Nöroanatomi Kitaplarının ve Wikipedia’daki Nöroanatomi Sayfalarının Okunabilirliği
Authors: YÜCEL Kaan
Published: April 2022

Anatomi eğitim saatlerinin yıllar geçtikçe düşüş gösterme eğilimi özellikle nöroanatomi için belirgindir. Ders saatlerindeki bu dramatik düşüş ile öğrenci kendi kendine çalışma imkanını daha çok bulmaktadır ve bu zamanı da YouTube videoları izlemek gibi konvansiyonel olmayan günümüz teknolojisinin olanaklarını kullanarak geçirmektedir. İnternetteki kaynakların doğruluğu ve geçerliliği düşük seviyede olduğundan öğrencinin kendi kendine çalışmak için geçirdiği zamanda ders notlarına ek olarak en önemli kaynağı ders kitaplarıdır. Okunabilirlik” kavramı bir metnin okuyucu tarafından anlaşılmasında yaşanan kolaylık veya güçlük olarak tanımlamıştır. En popular okunabilirlik indekslerden biri Flesch–Kincaid Okunabilirlik İndeksidir. Ders kitabının okunabilirliği ve anlaşılabilirliği düşük ise müfredat materyali olarak kullanımı sıkıntı yaratacaktır ve öğrencilerde engellenme hissi ve can sıkıntısına neden olacaktır. Tüm bunların sonucu öğrencinin akademik performansının düşmesiyle sonuçlanabilir. Wikipedia (www.wikipedia.com) var olan en büyük ansiklopedidir. Günümüzde sağlıkla ilgili fakültelerdeki İngilizce eğitim popülerliğini günümüzde de korumaktadır. Ülkemizde toplam 76 sağlıkla ilgili eğitim veren fakülte veya program yer almaktadır. Görüldüğü üzere yabancı dilde sağlıkla ilgili bölümlerde eğitim binlerce öğrenciyi ilgilendirmektedir. Öğrencinin okuduğu ders kitabındaki metinle ilgili dil yetenekleri okuduğunu kavraması ve öğrenmek için motivasyonu ile ilişkilidir ve okuduğunu kolaylıkla anlayan öğrencinin motivasyonu ile orantılı olarak ilgisi de yüksek olacaktır ki bu da hızlı öğrenme için önemli bir itici güçtür. Ülkemizdeki İngilizce eğitim veren tıp fakültelerinde yer alan anatomi anabilim dallarındaki öğretim üyelerinin tercih ettikleri nöroanatomi ders kitapları olan Snell’in “Klinik Nöroanatomi kitabı” ve Patestas ve Gartner’ın “Nöroanatomi Ders Kitabı” ve öğrencilerin bilgi kaynağı olarak favori web sitesi olan Wikipedia’daki on seçilmiş nöroanatomi konusuna ait metinlerde Flesch–Kincaid Okunabilirlik İndeksi kullanılarak okunabilirlik skorları ve seviyeleri, toplam sözcük, resim/şekil sayısı ve metin içindeki edilgen cümlelerin oranı incelendi. Çalışma sonucunda okunabilirlik düzeyleri arasında “Nöroanatomi Ders Kitabı” aleyhine bir fark olmakla birlikte, genelde okunabilirlik seviyeleri 14. ve 16. sınıf seviyesinde olmak üzere çok yüksekti. Ortalama okunabilirlik skorları da 22-32 arasında değişen düşük seviyelerdeydi. Nöroanatomi kaynağı olarak resim/şekil sayısı açısından çevrimiçi ve ders kitapları arasında bir fark yoktu. “Nöroanatomi Ders Kitabı”ndaki edilgen cümlelerin metin içindeki oranı diğer iki kaynağa göre oldukça azdı. Sonuç olarak, İngilizce tıp eğitiminde sunulan kaynakların öğrenciler için zor anlaşılacağı ve okunabilirlik seviyelerinin bazı konularda neredeyse bilimsel materyallerin seviyesinde olduğu göz önünde bulundurularak bu soruna ivedi çözüm getirilmelidir.
Using the Deep Breathing Technique to Decrease Pain Intensity during Wound Care for Burned Patients
Authors: A.H.M. Asmaa , H.M. Baghdad , A.A. Sabah
Published: April 2022

Background: Burn is the worst tragedy among modern societies that individuals may experience. One of the most important problems of burns is pain; particularly at the time of treatment which includes burn dressings, debridement, surgical incisions and physiotherapy. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of using the deep breathing technique to decrease pain intensity during wound care for burned patients. Design: A quasi-experimental design was utilised. Setting: The study was conducted in the burn unit at El Minia general hospital. Sample: A purposive sample of (60) adult patients from both genders who were randomly and alternatively divided into two equal groups study and control (30 patients in each group). Tools: data were collected by three tools: tool I, Structured interview questionnaire, tool II, patient observational checklist and tool III, pain assessment scale. Results: The study revealed that there was a statistically significant difference in decreasing pain intensity among the study group after implementing the deep breathing technique. Conclusion: the application of the deep breathing technique for burned patients was effective in decreasing pain intensity. Recommendations: Apply the deep breathing technique for burned patients by teaching technique before wound care and apply it during and after wound care as routine and regular care to decrease pain intensity associated with wound care.
STRATEGIC PLANNING AND RISK ANALYSIS OF ONE BELT ONE ROAD TRADE ROUTE
Authors: YETGİN Muhammed Ali , YILMAZ Tuğçe Nur
Published: April 2022

The route, known as the historical Silk Road, was reactivated in 2013 by the President of China, announcing it as the "One Belt One Road Project." Commercial Project; It will cover significant investments covering China, Asia, Africa, and Europe, and many multinational companies will put their goods and products into service from this trade route. Since its establishment, the People's Republic of China has been the dominant power in the Asian region and constitutes the Project's starting point. China has the most neighbors globally and controls the Silk Road, making it a pioneer in the region in areas such as land, rail, and sea trade and energy security. China has made various agreements with the route countries in this Project, and the necessary infrastructure works have been started. In the commercial Project of the century, Turkey's geostrategic importance is excellent. Turkey plays an essential role in circulating multinational companies' goods, products, services, and market competition. The study aims to analyze the risks affecting the Project and reveal the Project's strategic planning process. The Project also faces some threats as it hosts too many companies, involves too many countries, and has a large amount of finance. In this study, the problems in the region were examined with the descriptive analysis method, and risk analysis was created. The primary stages of the project from the beginning to the present were reviewed with the strategic planning process model. Eliminating the Project's risks, which is expected to be completed in 2049, will be an essential supporting factor in the effective operation of the strategic planning process.
Gender in Islamic Education Textbooks for the Higher Primary Stage in Jordan---An Analytical Study
Authors: Al-Jazi Dr. Abdullah Ali
Published: April 2022

The study aimed to investigate gender in Islamic education books for the higher preliminary stage, in the eighth, nineth, and tenth grades, and in order to achieve the objectives of the study, a content analysis card for these books was developed, and after making sure of their psychometric properties (truthfulness and consistency), they were applied to these books, the results showed that the education books The Islamic education handled various personalities such as: The Prophets, wives of the Prophet and his Companions, in addition to a number of scientists. The results also showed that there is a great variance in the genders mentioned in these books and in favor of males, and in light of the results the study recommended the necessity of a balanced distribution of the gender in these books.
Examining Linkage of Product Selling Prices on Profitability
Authors: Niar Hikma
Published: April 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of product selling price on profitability at PT. Semen Bosowa in Maros Distric regency which is descriptive and comparative with the entire population of data in the form of income statements and production data at PT. Semen Bosowa in Maros Disctric Regency. Sampling was carried out by means of positive sampling in order to obtain a sample of the income statement and production data for the years 2015-2019. Data were analyzed using simple linear regression analysis, correlation coefficient and t test. The result of regression analysis shows that Ŷ = 0.204 - 0.020X. This equation means that the constant value of 0.204 is the amount of profitability achieved regardless of the level of the selling price. The regression coefficient value is -0.020 which means that if the selling price increases by 1 percent, it will cause a decrease in the value of profitability at PT. Semen Bosowa in Maros district regency of 0.020. This explains the direction of the negative coefficient between selling price and profitability, namely when the selling price increases it will cause a decrease in profitability. This means that the selling price has an effect but not significantly on profitability.
Erzincan Bölgesinde Çocuk Hastalarda Süpernümerer Dişlerin Yaygınlığının ve Özelliklerinin Araştırılması
Authors: KARACA Serhat , ŞİRİNOĞLU ÇAPAN Belen
Published: April 2022

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’nin doğusunda Erzincan bölgesinde pedodonti kliniğine başvuran çocuk hastalarda süpernümerer dişlerin prevalansını ve özelliklerini belirlemek, neden oldukları komplikasyonları araştırmak ve güncel literatürler ile kıyaslama yapmaktır.
Materyal ve Metot: Bu retrospektif çalışmada Ocak 2019-Ocak 2020 tarihleri arasında Erzincan Binali Yıldırım Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi’ne başvuran 4-14 yaş arası 3825 çocuk hastanın klinik ve radyografik verileri incelendi. Süpernümerer dişleri olan her hasta için demografik veriler (yaş,cinsiyet), süpernümerer diş sayısı, sürme durumu, morfoloji, pozisyon, bulundukları dişlenme dönemleri ve süpernümerer dişlerle ilişkili komplikasyonlar kaydedildi. Toplanan veriler istatistiksel olarak analiz edildi.
Bulgular: Çalışma sonucunda 51 hastada (%1,34) toplam 64 adet süpernümerer diş tespit edildi. Süpernümerer dişler 1.8:1 erkek kadın oranı ile erkeklerde daha fazla görüldü (p <.001). Süpernümerer diş sayısı ile hastaların cinsiyeti arasında bir ilişki gözlemlenmedi. Supernümerer diş sayısı 39 vakada bir, 11 vakada iki ve sadece 1 vakada 3 idi. Tespit edilen 64 süpernümerer dişin 40 tanesi karışık dişlenme döneminde, 21 tanesi daimi dişlenme döneminde ve 3 tanesi ise süt dişlenme döneminde bulunduğu gözlemlendi. Çoğu süpernümerer dişin maksillada bulunduğu tespit edilirken morfolojik olarak konik şekilli süpernümerer dişler en sık rastlanan grup olduğu görüldü. Süpernümerer dişlerin %78,1’i dikey pozisyonda iken %11’i yatay pozisyonda olduğu gözlemlendi. İncelenen vakalarda süpernümerer dişlerin %46,9’u asemptomatik iken en sık neden oldukları komplikasyon ise %35,9 oranla daimi dişlerin sürmelerini engellemeleriydi.
Sonuç: Süpernümerer dişlerin insidansı incelenen Türk popülasyonunda %1,34’tür ve gelişmekte olan dental oklüzyona zarar verebilecek birçok komplikasyona neden olabilmektedirler. Süpernümerer dişler hakkında elde edilen bu bilgiler, çocuk diş hekimlerine erken tanı ve müdahale konusunda yardımcı olabilir.
論適用國民法官法起訴書之預斷記載處理（上）
Authors: 林俊言 林俊言
Published: April 2022

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Orticaria cronica: una realtà non così infrequente
Authors: Tessitore Antimo
Published: April 2022

A case of a (probably) chronic urticaria in a 6-year-old boy is described. The diagnostic and therapeutic approach is also discussed.
Association of Dyslipidemia and Type-I Diabetes Mellitus Among Children Up to 16 Years of Age
Authors: Akhter Soobia , Khoso Zubair , Rai Versha Rani , Laghari Taj Muhammad , Parveen Roshia , Mahar Shazia , Ibrahim Mohsina Noor
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Diabetes is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Hypertriglyceridemia & low HDL-C values are the most common symptoms of diabetic dyslipidemia. Elevated LDL-C is a well-known CVD risk factor. Objective: To determine the association of dyslipidemia and type 1 diabetes mellitus among children up to 16 years of age. Material & Method Study design: Case-control study Settings: Outpatient department, National Institute of Child Health (NICH) Duration: Six months from 26th February 2018 to 28th August 2018 Data Collection procedure: All patients age 9 to16 years of either gender were included. Cases were defined as presence of fasting plasma glucose of > to 126.0 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L) for more than one year whereas all patients with fasting plasma glucose of less than 126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L) were P a g e | 2 defined as controls. The blood sample was collected in a sterile manner after an overnight fasting of 8 hours and was sent to hospital laboratory and verified by pathologist. Results: Out of total 60 patients, the mean age of the patients was 11.23 ±1.76 years. Dyslipidemia was found to be significantly higher (n=26, 86.7%) among diabetic patients as compared to non-diabetic patients (n=18, 60%). (p-value 0.020) Moreover, the risk of dyslipidemia was 4.33 times higher among diabetic patients than that of non-diabetics (OR 4.33). Patients having >10 years of age and diabetes were 8.01 times more likely (OR 8.01, p-value 0.042) and diabetic males were 8.40 times more likely (OR 8.40, p-value 0.008) to have dyslipidemia. Conclusion: Highly significant association of dyslipidemia and type 1 diabetes mellitus was found among children up to 16 years of age. Keywords: Dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, children
Perceptions and Preparedness for Covid-19 Pandemic among Students of a Medical University
Authors: Ullah Rehmat , Memon Khalida Naz , Parveen Shazia , Shah Maham , Bibi Batool , Qureshi Yousuf Ahmed
Published: April 2022

Background: The accomplishment of control of Covid-19 pandemic depends upon people’s readiness & preparedness of the medical professionals. The current study is expected to benefit the communities by assessing the knowledge of medical students regarding containment of this pandemic. Objectives: 1. To assess the perceptions and readiness of the medical students regarding COVID-19. 2. To determine association between various socio- demographic profile of study participants and their perceptions regarding Covid-19. Methodology: Three hundred & eighty four medical & dental students were selected by convenience sampling. Besides socio-demographic variables of medical students, students level of knowledge & perceptions regarding Covid-19 were recorded on a pre-designed & pre-validated questionnaire. Besides computing frequencies & percentages, the association among variables was performed by applying Chi-square test by taking p-value <0.05 as level of significance. Results: The response rate was 92.53%. The study participants had a high level of information (93.75%) regarding COVID19 outbreak. We did not find a single insignificant association between age of students & their perceptions regarding Covid-19 pandemic (p ≤ 0.01). Similar associations were observed between gender & level of education to the knowledge & perceptions regarding Covid-19 pandemic (p ≤ 0.01). Conclusions: The medical & dental students are very well aware about the Covid-19 pandemic & its control measures undertaken by government. Keywords: Covid-19, Pandemic, Perceptions, Preparedness, Medical students, Dental students.
Impact of Successful HCV Eradication on Glycemic Control in Chronic HCV Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Sarwar Sehrish , Haque Israr Ul , Mushtaq Junaid , Khan Azhar Ali , Qureshi Atif , Ashraf Hafiz Hamad
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Chronic HCV infection has been implicated as a risk factor for new onset diabetes mellitus type II and worsening of glycemic control in patients with already established Diabetes due to defined molecular mechanisms. The impact of successful HCV eradication with direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) on glycemic control in HCV patients with concomitant Diabetes mellitus is being assessed by several studies but still unclear due to scarce data in literature, which specifically address this aspect of DAAs. Objective: To study the impact of successful HCV eradication with DAAs based regimes on glycemic control in a cohort of Chronic HCV patients with concomitant Type II Diabetes Mellitus. Materials and Methods Study design: Descriptive Case series Study place: Department of Gastroenterology, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore. Duration: Six months i.e. 15-2-2021 to 15-8-2021 Data collection procedure: 110 patients, who fulfill the inclusion, were enrolled in the study.All patients of Hepatitis C received DAAs in the form of Oral Sofosbuvir 400 mg and Oral Daclatasvir 60 mg daily for 12 weeks without Ribavirin. Only Child Pugh class A and class B patients were included. Before starting treatment glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and Viral load by HCV RNA polymerase chain reaction was also checked. All the patients were followed at the end of treatment i.e. at 12 weeks( from the baseline ) and then three months after treatment (at 24 weeks), for viral load testing by HCV RNA polymerase chain reaction and HbA1c levels. Results: In this study 91% patients achieved sustained virological response and 83% of the patients achieved improved glycemic control after successful HCV eradication. Age (23-33: 16.5%, 34-44: 40.7%, 44-54: 29.7% p-value=0.728) and gender (Male: 39.6% & Female: 60.4%, p-value=0.142) have no significant association with glycemic control of patients. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that oral DAAs can help improving the glucose levels and glycemic control significantly in HCV patients with concomitant Type II diabetes mellitus and successful HCV eradication can prevent the long term complications of diabetes and may need dose reduction for insulin therapy in these patients Keywords: Glycemic control, dual-acting antiviral agents, chronic hepatitis C virus infection, Diabetes Mellitus
Role of Physio Biochemical Markers of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Young Adults
Authors: Mughal Aamir Abbas , Batool Tayyaba , Zainab Saadia , Khan Saima Rubab , Iqbal Junaid , Mukhtar Saima
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Background: Universally, cardiovascular problems remains a major cause of unfavorable results in young individuals, unlike its decrease in other age bunches. This group isn't well studied and includes an interesting hazard profile with less conventional cardiovascular risk components compared with more seasoned populations. Objective: To highlight the prevalence and risk factors of myocardial infarction in young individuals Material and Methods Study design: quantitative cross sectional Settings: Punjab Institute of Cardiology (PIC) Duration: Six months i.e. 1st July2021 to 31st December 2021 Data Collection procedure: A cross sectional study was conducted with the duration of six months in a tertiary care hospital Lahore. Young hospitalized patients were selected with the age limit of 40 years and admitted to hospital with acute myocardial infarction. Total number of patients was 100 placed in the group one and same numbers of individuals with same age group were also selected without history of any cardiovascular diseases from the population as control. Validated Hamilton anxiety rating scale was used to access the anxiety levels of an individual. BMI, cardiac serum markers and liver enzymes were calculated. For this purpose venous blood was obtained from each individual and test was performed. Results: The average age of the participant in this study was in between 20-40 years of age. In group one 77 were males and 23 females. Group two consist of 82 males and 18 females. As we see in the table 1 findings the levels of LDH, trop I, CKMB and SGOT are significantly high in group 1 which showing myocardial injury as the release of these markers in blood. Anxiety levels and cigarette smoking also noticed high in group 1 as compared to group 2. Conclusion: This study illustrated uneasiness as a possibly driving hazard figure of AMI in young individuals, requiring the need for superior administration of psychosocial wellbeing in youthful age for relieving the hazard of AMI. Preventive intercessions are more likely to abdicate useful results in young individuals and future work on such preventive procedures may empower definition of worldwide arrangements and community campaigns to decrease the health-economic burden of AMI in young grown-ups and make strides results of wellbeing and quality of life Keywords: Depression, Anxiety, Smoking, Acute Myocardial Infarction, Blood pressure
Study of Endometrium’s Histopathological Pattern in Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
Authors: Karim Zainab , Afridi Afia , Khan Mohibullah , Sabah Sadaf , Orakzai Shabir Ahmed , Ahmad Siyab
Published: April 2022

Background: Women of all ages may experience AUB, which is one of the most common and difficult conditions to diagnose. The diagnosis and treatment of endometrial etiology of AUB are primarily reliant on endometrial histopathology. The study's main purpose was to see how common different endometrial histological patterns were in individuals with abnormal uterine bleeding of various ages, as well as to learn more about the endometrial causes of AUB and how to treat them. Methods: From March 2019 to February 2020, 300 patients were studied in the department of Gynecology. Demographic data was gathered and documented. Different endometrial patterns were seen when endometrial samples were submitted for histological analyses. Results: The majority of patients with abnormal uterine haemorrhage were between the ages of 41 and 50 (48.6%), and the majority of them were multipara. Women suffering from menorrhagia (42% of patients) were following by polymenorrhagia (15%), menometrorrhagia (10.6%), continuing vaginal bleeding (9.6%), Polymenorrhagia (9.3%), and postmenopausal bleeding (8.6%). 8.6% of the population 4.6 percentage point. The most common histological characteristics in atypical uterine haemorrhage were proliferative and secretory endometrium (37 percent and 30 percent, respectively). A 22.6% prevalence of endometrial hyperplasia was detected. Conclusion: Endometrial assessment is used to rule out premalignant illnesses and cancer in women of all ages, especially those in the perimenopausal and postmenopausal periods of life. Keywords: uterine bleeding,menorrhagia, carcinoma
The Recreational Physical Activity from the Perspective of Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Ertüzün Ezgi
Published: April 2022

Objective: In this research, we aim to investigate the evaluation of the Recreational Physical Activity Program participated by the children with Autism Spectrum Disorder from the perspective of mothers in Konya. Methods: For this aim, we conducted face to face interviews with 10 mothers and then a focus group with the same mothers to discuss our results. The data is analysed by using MAXQDA 2018 program. Results: It was emerged ‘life with Autism Spectrum Disorder through the eyes of mothers’ and ‘factors affecting mothers’ evaluations of the program’ as the main themes. Conclusion: Our results show that mothers perceive their life as a difficult and empowering struggle and mothers evaluated the program positively based on the impact of the program on the skill development of their children, the role of the trainer and the limited leisure activities of their children. Mother’s views of challenges and solutions mainly signify the need for increasing the number and accessibility of these centers and for designing programs both for children and for mothers. Keywords: Autism Spectrum Disorder, Recreation Therapy, Physical Activity, Mothers
Factors Affecting Glycemic Control in Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus in Patients Visiting Newly Established Diabetic OPD at Tertiary Car Hospital Hyderabad Sindh
Authors: Khatti Noor U Ddin , Radhan Abdul Hameed , Laghari Ghulam Shabir , Qaimkhani Muhammad Sohail , . Shamaeel , Shaikh Saeed Ahmed
Published: April 2022

Background: Patients worldwide are affected by diabetes mellitus (DM), one of the most frequent diseases in the world. Various organs and systems in the body are affected by diabetic complications, which can be either microvascular or macrovascular in nature. Finding out and preventing these variables is critical to improving the quality of life for diabetics. Objective: To assess the poor glycemic control and its association with affected factors it in our diabetes population. Material and Methods: This Observational study was conducted on 80 patients in the Department of Pediatric (Unit II), Liquate University Hospital, Jamshoro/Hyderabad for six months from 1st January to 30th June 2021. Diabetic children between the ages of 1 and 15 who had Type-1DM and were on insulin therapy at LUMHS Hospital Jamshoro/Hyderabad were eligible for inclusion. Using a pre-tested structured questionnaire, we asked particular questions of each child after they had been inspected and their family history was gathered. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 26.0 Results: A total of 80 patients were enrolled in this study. Table: 1 shows the age and gender profile of the children. The most of the children were in the age group 5 to 12 years, with a p-value of 0.0001. As demonstrated in Table 2, the Subject had Polyuria, Polydipsia, Polyphagia, Fatigability and weight loss due to Diabetic ketoacidosis, the prevalence of consanguinity in the family, average monthly earnings, and the cost of insulin and glucose control. Table 3 shows weight and height. Graph I (p=0.0001) reveal that 14 (17.5%), 17 (21.2%), and 49 (61.2%) participants had good, fair, or poor glycemic control, respectively. Conclusion: Uncontrolled diabetes and complications are linked to poor insulin adherence, which is the mainstay of treatment. It is suggested that this topic be explored further. Keywords: Factors affecting, Glycemic Control, Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus, Complications, Insulin
Comparative Evaluation of Infraorbital Nerve Recovery Following Open and Closed Reduction of Zygomatic Complex Fracture
Authors: Baloch Dua Fatima Kolachi , Shahzad Muhammad , Kumar Lovekesh , Abbas Syed Zafar , Mustafa Naeem , Shams Salman
Published: April 2022

Objective: To evaluate the recovery of infraorbital nerve injury following zygomatic complex fracture management with open reduction and close reduction. Material and Methods: A sum of 128 subjects with zygomatic complex break and infraorbital nerve damage were incorporated in the research, and they were evenly divided into two collection: Close (Group A) and Open (Group B). A neurosensory assessment was carried out. The front cheek, lateral side of the nose, and upper lip were all inspected bilaterally. If two consecutive positive answers were obtained after 24 weeks, the result was referred to as recovery. The researchers used descriptive statistics. Results: The mean fracture duration in group A was 20.31±9.45 hours, whereas it was 20.65±9.16 hours in group B. In comparison to Group A, Group B had superior results at the end of 24 weeks. Infraorbital nerve damage restoration was found to be 34.3 % in group A and 64.06 % in group B. Conclusion: When contrasted to closed reduction, the probability of recoveries is higher with open reduction. Keywords: Infraorbital Nerve Injury, Zygomatic Complex Fracture, Open Reduction, Close Reduction, Recovery
Psychiatric Training in Pakistan; The Trainees Perspective: A Mixed Method Study
Authors: Yaqoob Rida , Rizwan Maahin , Mujtaba Muhammad , Haider Fur , Ali Farasat , Rashid Bushra
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Training in Psychiatry, although just like any other specialty training is for 4 years (in case of FCPS) or 5 years (in case of MD). However, it’s very different to other fields of medicine where there is a greater emphasis on physical findings and routine tests. Objective: The aim of this study was to collect the feedback regarding the training program from residents who have just completed training. Material and Method: Two focused group discussions were conducted with residents and young consultants from different cities and in each group at least 6 trainees or young consultants were present. The participants were encouraged to discuss openly about their experiences regarding training. The sessions were held twice each and only finished after data saturation was achieved. As a result of these discussions a detailed questionnaire was developed which was then given to various residents and young consultants all across Pakistan. Results: Among the 70 trainees who filled the questionnaire, the results showed that majority of the trainees were satisfied with their supervisor in terms of knowledge, competency and willingness to teach. Furthermore, they also felt adequately supported by their supervisor when conducting research projects. An overwhelming majority did not suffer from harassment of physical, emotional or sexual nature during their training, nor were they subjected to any bias with respect to, religion or ethnic background, and also felt that the training was not too burdensome on their personal life. Conclusion: The trainees were satisfied on the whole with the supervisors knowledge, competency and the layout of the training program. However, the lagging aspects included applications of psychological interventions. Also the environment of training was found out to be supportive in the study but there was a significant stigma associated with this field.
The Effects of Irisin Hormone and the FNDC5 Gene on Brain Functions and Exercise: A Systematic Review
Authors: Eken Özgür
Published: April 2022

Introduction: The aim of this systematic review was to regroup all systematic reviews, non-systematic reviews and all original articles between 2017 and 2021 (including June) into one convenient publication that would facilitate the theoretical and applied scientific investigations directed on the efficacy of exercise and brain function on irisin hormone and FNDC5 gene. Evidence Acquisition: The systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) method. A computer-based systematic search was conducted in July 2021 through Google Scholar, Pub Med, and Science Direct databases. The reliability of the systematic research was ensured by completely repeating the article selection process by a second author. Evidence Synthesis: Twenty-six articles that met the criteria out of 279 articles obtained specifically for keywords were included in the review. Results show that together with different types of exercise, irisin and FNDC5 may be new biomarkers that should be considered in reducing neurodegenerative disorders and improving neuromuscular and brain functions. Conclusion: Based on the articles included in this review, increasing the number of studies examining the potential of short and long-term exercises to stimulate irisin and FNDC5 gene in the future may help to understand the effects of exercise on Irisin and FNDC5 mediated brain functions. Keywords: Irisin, FNDC5, exercises.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Serologic (IGG) in Diagnosis of Helicobacter Pylori among Patients of Dyspepsia by Taking Stool Antigen (HPSA) as Gold Standard
Authors: Memon Ishtiaque Ahmed , Kumar Mukesh , . Kheemchand , Nasir Farhina , Talpur Suhrab Khan , Advani Damni
Published: April 2022

Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of serologic (IgG) in the diagnosis of Helicobacter Pylori among patients of dyspepsia by taking Helicobacter pylori Stool Antigen (HpSA) as the gold standard. Material and methods: The study was conducted in Microbiology Department, Basic Medical Sciences Institute, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi with the collaboration of gastroenterology OPD. All the patients with a history of dyspepsia, above 25 years of age and of either gender were included. After taking informed consent the clinical samples of blood and stool from patients were taken. A 6 ml venous blood was taken from the antecubital vein for detecting IgG antibody to H. pylori. Stool samples were collected for detecting H. pylori antigen in a wide mouth, sterile, leak proof container properly labeled by serial number and stool samples were stored in a refrigerator at 4°C up to 72h. On the specimens containing H. pylori antibodies, a colored line appeared in the test line region consider a positive result. H. pylori antigen was detected in stool (HpSA) by rapid chromatographic immunoassay. During analysis, the specimen responds with an anti-H. pylori antibody-coated particle. By capillary action, the mixture migrates upward on the membrane, reacting with anti-H. pylori antibodies on the membrane to produce a colorful line. A positive result is indicated by the presence of this colored line in the test zone, whereas a negative result is indicated by its absence. All the data were obtained using a study proforma, and the data was analyzed using SPSS version 26. Results: A total of 210 patients presented with dyspepsia were studied, their mean age was 49.07±10.97 and females were in majority (71.9%). H. Pylori was positive among 137 cases, those who underwent serological test (IgG) and 127 were positive for stool antigen (HpSA). The diagnostic accuracy of serological test (IgG) was found 95.23% by taking Stool Antigen (HpSA) test gold standard followed by sensitivity 92.7%, specificity 100%, PPV 100% and NPV 87.95%. Conclusion: The diagnostic accuracy of serological test (IgG) was found 95.23% by taking Stool Antigen (HpSA) test gold standard followed by sensitivity 92.7%, specificity 100%, PPV 100% and NPV 87.95%. Key words: H. pylori, diagnosis, IgG, Stool antigen
Examınatıon of the Relatıonshıp between Alexıthymıa, Anger and Defense Mechanısm
Authors: Güler Kahraman , Faraji̇ Haydeh
Published: April 2022

Introduction and Aim: It is thought that immature and neurotic defense mechanisms, especially splitting and introjection, play an important role in alexithymia. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between alexithymia, anger and defense mechanisms in a non-clinical sample Materials and Methods: This study was prepared in accordance with the correlational survey model. The sample selection of the study was made using simple random sampling.The sample group of the study consists of 430 (50.1%) women and 427 (49.9%) men living in Istanbul.The research data collection process took place between 2019-2020. Results: There is a weak positive relationship between Anger Symptoms and Immature Defenses, and a weak and negative relationship with Mature Defenses. There is a weak and positive relationship between Situations Leading to Anger and Immature Defenses. There is a weak, positive relationship between Anger-Related Thoughts and Immature Defenses, and a moderate and negative relationship between Anger-Related Thoughts and Mature Defenses. There is a weak positive relationship between Anger-Related Behaviors and Imature Defenses, and a weak and positive relationship between Anger-Related Behaviors and Neurotic Defenses. Conclusion: It was determined that there is a significant relationship between the the sub-dimensions of the multidimensional anger scale and the sub-dimensions of the defense mechanisms and between the sub-dimensions of the multidimensional anger scale and the sub-dimensions of the Toronto alexithymia scale. Keywords: Anger, Alexithymia, Defense Mechanisms, Introjection