bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A novel mutation in MBTPS2 causes ichthyosis follicularis, alopecia, and photophobia syndrome
Authors: Jiang Yanyun , Jin Hongzhong , Zeng Yueping
Published: June 2019

Background

The ichthyosis follicularis, alopecia, and photophobia (IFAP) syndrome is a rare X‐linked genodermatosis characterized by noninflammatory spiny follicular hyperkeratosis, severe photophobia, and non‐scarring alopecia with variable severities. IFAP syndrome results from mutations in the gene encoding the membrane‐bound transcription factor peptidase, site 2 (MBTPS2).

Methods

We present an 11‐year‐old male with typical clinical features of IFAP syndrome, including diffuse follicular hyperkeratosis, alopecia, photophobia, psoriasiform plaques, short statue, nail dystrophy, mental retardation, and seizures.

Results

A novel missense mutation (NM_015884.4: c.1298T > C; NP_056968.1: p. L433P) in the membrane‐bound transcription factor peptidase, site 2 gene (MBTPS2) was identified in our patient. The heterozygous MBTPS2 mutation was identified in his mother but not his father.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated a novel MBTPS2 mutation in a patient with IFAP syndrome and thus expands the known MBPTS2 molecular repertoire.
Deformable registration of x ray and MRI for postimplant dosimetry in low dose rate prostate brachytherapy
Authors: Hrinivich William T. , Park Seyoun , Le Yi , Song Daniel Y. , Lee Junghoon
Published: June 2019

Purpose

Dosimetric assessment following permanent prostate brachytherapy (PPB) commonly involves seed localization using CT and prostate delineation using coregistered MRI. However, pelvic CT leads to additional imaging dose and requires significant resources to acquire and process both CT and MRI. In this study, we propose an automatic postimplant dosimetry approach that retains MRI for soft‐tissue contouring, but eliminates the need for CT and reduces imaging dose while overcoming the inconsistent appearance of seeds on MRI with three projection x rays acquired using a mobile C‐arm.

Methods

Implanted seeds are reconstructed using x rays by solving a combinatorial optimization problem and deformably registered to MRI. Candidate seeds are located in MR images using local hypointensity identification. X ray‐based seeds are registered to these candidate seeds in three steps: (a) rigid registration using a stochastic evolutionary optimizer, (b) affine registration using an iterative closest point optimizer, and (c) deformable registration using a local feature point search and nonrigid coherent point drift. The algorithm was evaluated using 20 PPB patients with x rays acquired immediately postimplant and T2‐weighted MR images acquired the next day at 1.5 T with mean 0.8 × 0.8 × 3.0 mm voxel dimensions. Target registration error (TRE) was computed based on the distance from algorithm results to manually identified seed locations using coregistered CT acquired the same day as the MRI. Dosimetric accuracy was determined by comparing prostate D90 determined using the algorithm and the ground truth CT‐based seed locations.

Results

The mean ± standard deviation TREs across 20 patients including 1774 seeds were 2.23 ± 0.52 mm (rigid), 1.99 ± 0.49 mm (rigid + affine), and 1.76 ± 0.43 mm (rigid + affine + deformable). The corresponding mean ± standard deviation D90 errors were 5.8 ± 4.8%, 3.4 ± 3.4%, and 2.3 ± 1.9%, respectively. The mean computation time of the registration algorithm was 6.1 s.

Conclusion

The registration algorithm accuracy and computation time are sufficient for clinical PPB postimplant dosimetry.
Superconvergence of the direct discontinuous Galerkin method for a time‐fractional initial‐boundary value problem
Authors: Huang Chaobao , Stynes Martin
Published: June 2019

A time‐fractional reaction–diffusion initial‐boundary value problem with periodic boundary condition is considered on Q ≔ Ω × [0, T], where Ω is the interval [0, l]. Typical solutions of such problem have a weak singularity at the initial time t = 0. The numerical method of the paper uses a direct discontinuous Galerkin (DDG) finite element method in space on a uniform mesh, with piecewise polynomials of degree k ≥ 2. In the temporal direction we use the L1 approximation of the Caputo derivative on a suitably graded mesh. We prove that at each time level of the mesh, our L1‐DDG solution is superconvergent of order k + 2 in L2(Ω) to a particular projection of the exact solution. Moreover, the L1‐DDG solution achieves superconvergence of order (k + 2) in a discrete L2(Q) norm computed at the Lobatto points, and order (k + 1) superconvergence in a discrete H1(Q) seminorm at the Gauss points; numerical results show that these estimates are sharp.
Stochastic linear quadratic optimal control problem for systems driven by fractional Brownian motions
Authors: Han Yuecai , Sun Yifang
Published: June 2019

This paper is concerned with stochastic linear control systems driven by fractional Brownian motions (fBms) with Hurst parameter H∈(1/2,1) and the cost functional is quadratic with respect to the state and control variables. Here, the integrals with respect to fBms are the type of Stratonovich integrals. A stochastic maximum principle as a necessary condition of the optimal control is derived. The adjoint backward stochastic differential equation (BSDE) is driven by the fBms and its underlying standard Brownian motions. The existence and uniqueness of the solution of adjoint BSDE is proved. The explicit form of the unique optimal control is obtained.
Direct analysis of aldehydes and carboxylic acids in the gas phase by negative ionization selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry: Quantification and modelling of ion–molecule reactions
Authors: Ghislain Mylène , Costarramone Nathalie , Sotiropoulos Jean‐Marc , Pigot Thierry , Van Den Berg Robin , Lacombe Sylvie , Le Bechec Mickael
Published: June 2019

Rationale

The concentrations of aldehydes and volatile fatty acids have to be controlled because of their potential harmfulness in indoor air or relationship with the organoleptic properties of agri‐food products. Although several specific analytical methods are currently used, the simultaneous analysis of these compounds in a complex matrix remains a challenge. The combination of positive and negative ionization selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT‐MS) allows the accurate, sensitive and high‐frequency analysis of complex gas mixtures of these compounds.

Methods

The ion–molecule reactions of negative precursor ions (OH−, O•−, O2•−, NO2− and NO3−) with five aldehydes and four carboxylic acids were investigated in order to provide product ions and rate constants for the quantification of these compounds by negative ion SIFT‐MS. The results were compared with those obtained by conventional analysis methods and/or with already implemented SIFT‐MS positive ionization methods. The modelling of hydroxide ion (OH−)/molecule reaction paths by ab‐initio calculation allowed a better understanding of these gas‐phase reactions.

Results

Deprotonation systematically occurs by reaction between negative ions and aldehydes or acids, leading to the formation of [M − H]− primary ions. Ab‐initio calculations demonstrated the α‐CH deprotonation of aldehydes and the acidic proton abstraction for fatty acids. For aldehydes, the presence of water in the flow tube leads to the formation of hydrated ions, [M − H]−.H2O. With the NO2− precursor ion, a second reaction channel results in ion–molecule association with the formation of M.NO2− ions.

Conclusions

Except for formaldehyde, all the studied compounds can be quantified by negative ion SIFT‐MS with significant rate constants. In addition to positive ion SIFT‐MS with H3O+, O2+ and NO+ precursor ions, negative ionization with O•−, O2•−, OH−, NO2− and NO3− extends the range of analysis of aldehydes and carboxylic acids in air without a preparation or separation step. This methodology was illustrated by the simultaneous quantification in single‐scan experiments of seven aldehydes and six carboxylic acids released by building materials.
Minimally invasive percutaneous robotic thoracolumbar pedicle screw implantation combined with three‐dimensional fluoroscopy can reduce radiation: A cadaver and phantom study
Authors: Spyrantis Andrea , Cattani Adriano , Seifert Volker , Freiman Thomas M. , Setzer Matthias
Published: June 2019

Objective

Feasibility of robotic minimal invasive pedicle screw (PS) placement in the thoracolumbar spine using preoperative three‐dimensional (3D) fluoroscopy without computed tomography (CT).

Methods

In three cadavers, 12 pedicle screws were implanted in thoracolumbar segments with the robotic surgery assistant. 3D fluoroscopy was performed for preoperative referencing, planning, and identification of postoperative screw position. The radiation exposure of fluoroscopy and a CT scanner was compared, measuring the CT dose index (CTDIw).

Results

Pedicle screw positioning was graded according to the classification of Gertzbein and Robbins: 11 of 12 pedicle screws showed optimal transpedicular position (grade 1) and one was positioned less than 2 mm outside (grade 2). No major deviations were observed. Referencing with 3D fluoroscopy resulted in a CTDIw reduction of 84% in the cervical and 33% in the lumbar spine.

Conclusions

Robot‐guided PS placement, using 3D fluoroscopy for referencing, is a reliable tool for minimally invasive PS implantation; radiation exposure can be reduced.
Steric and Electronic Effect on C2‐H Arylation of Sulfonamides
Authors: Bal Ankita , Maiti Saikat , Mal Prasenjit
Published: June 2019

The ambident nature of the electrophile generated in a reaction system controls the outcome of a reaction. Electrophilic nitrenium ion which is convertible to carbenium ion via resonance was in situ generated by the reactions of iodine(III)‐reagent PhI(OAc)2 and arylsulfonamides. The nucleophile added in the reaction controls the reaction for the regiospecific ortho C−H arylation or C2‐H arylation. The electron rich arenes react with carbenium ion (electrophiles) to undergo C−H arylation. Electron donating effect (+I or +R effect) of the substituents on sulfonamide stabilizes the carbenium ion to favor oxidative coupling reaction with nucleophiles. Overall, the feasibility of C2‐H arylation of the sulfonamides has been demonstrated by steric and electronic factor that facilitates C−H arylation of sulfonamides.
A Nature‐Inspired, Flexible Substrate Strategy for Future Wearable Electronics
Authors: Zhu Chuang , Chalmers Evelyn , Chen Liming , Wang Yuqi , Xu Ben Bin , Li Yi , Liu Xuqing
Published: June 2019

Flexibility plays a vital role in wearable electronics. Repeated bending often leads to the dramatic decrease of conductivity because of the numerous microcracks formed in the metal coating layer, which is undesirable for flexible conductors. Herein, conductive textile‐based tactile sensors and metal‐coated polyurethane sponge‐based bending sensors with superior flexibility for monitoring human touch and arm motions are proposed, respectively. Tannic acid, a traditional mordant, is introduced to attach to various flexible substrates, providing a perfect platform for catalyst absorbing and subsequent electroless deposition (ELD). By understanding the nucleation, growth, and structure of electroless metal deposits, the surface morphology of metal nanoparticles can be controlled in nanoscale with simple variation of the plating time. When the electroless plating time is 20 min, the normalized resistance (R/R0) of as‐made conductive fibers is only 1.6, which is much lower than a 60 min ELD sample at the same conditions (R/R0 ≈ 5). This is because a large number of unfilled gaps between nanoparticles prevent metal films from cracking under bending. Importantly, the Kelvin problem is relevant to deposited conductive coatings because metallic cells have a honeycomb‐like structure, which is a rationale to explain the relationships of conductivity and flexibility.
Structurally Stabilizing and Environment Friendly Triggers: Double‐Metallic Lead‐Free Perovskites
Authors: Yin Hang , Xian Yeming , Zhang Yongli , Li Wenzhe , Fan Jiandong
Published: June 2019

Lead halide perovskite (ABX3) has attracted considerable attention due to its applicability as absorber layers in highly efficient photovoltaic cells. With regard to the lead toxicity, double‐metallic lead‐free perovskite, A2BIBIIIX6, in which the neighboring B+ and B3+ sites in the crystal microstructure are alternately occupied by monovalent‐metal and trivalent‐metal cations, is regarded to be a promising alternative to the widely used lead‐based perovskites. This review aims to summarize the recent advances in the new class of A2BIBIIIX6 double‐metallic lead‐free perovskites. In particular, the electronic structure, synthesis, property, and their applications in devices, for example, photovoltaics, photodetectors, and light emitting diodes, is carefully classified and presented. Notably, the theoretical calculations point out that there is much room toward potential applications for this new class of perovskite materials. The present review provides a holonomic conclusion and opens new perspectives toward realizing higher performance of A2BIBIIIX6‐based devices.
Load balancing aware scheduling algorithms for fog networks
Authors: Singh Anil , Auluck Nitin
Published: June 2019

Fog networks have attracted the attention of researchers recently. The idea is that a part of the computation of a job/application can be performed by fog devices that are located at the network edge, close to the users. Executing latency sensitive applications on the cloud may not be feasible, owing to the significant communication delay involved between the user and the cloud data center (cdc). By the time the application traverses the network and reaches the cloud data center, it might already be too late. However, fog devices, also known as mobile data centers (mdcs), are capable of executing such latency sensitive applications. In this paper, we study the problem of balancing the application load while taking account of security constraints of jobs, across various mdcs in a fog network. In case a particular mdc does not have sufficient capacity to execute a job, the job needs to be migrated to some other mdc. To this end, we propose three heuristic algorithms: minimum distance, minimum load, and minimum hop distance and load (MHDL). In addition, we also propose an ILP‐based algorithm called load balancing aware scheduling ILP (LASILP) for solving the task mapping and scheduling problem. The performance of the proposed algorithms have been compared with the cloud only algorithm and another heuristic algorithm called fog‐cloud‐placement (FCP). Simulation results performed on real‐life workload traces reveal that the MHDL heuristic performs better as compared to other scheduling policies in the fog computing environment while meeting application privacy requirements.
Full‐scale tests on used steel storage racks
Authors: Avgerinou Stella , Lignos Xenophon , Tsarpalis Dimitris , Vayas Ioannis
Published: June 2019

Industrial storage operators use not only new pallet racking systems, but also old ones for which certification documents possibly do not exist. In order to check the carrying capacity of such racks, in addition to component tests, full‐scale experimental tests were carried out on complete structures to help the development of reliable numerical models. The racks were subjected to vertical and pushover loads in the laboratory using an improved version of the base plates to achieve fixed support conditions. Vertical loading was imposed by filling tanks with water, an operation that was activated and controlled through an innovative hydraulic network specifically designed for this purpose. During the vertical loading tests, a moderate earthquake took place near the experimental facility and this influenced the rack behaviour positively. The spine brace was too flexible in the out‐of‐plane direction and did not participate in the resistance to lateral forces. Distortional buckling of the columns was observed at high lateral loads. The experimental tests allowed the calculation of conservative values for the behaviour factor q.
Understanding the importance of expanding the definition of interoperability through social network analysis
Authors: Enos James R. , Nilchiani Roshanak R.
Published: June 2019

Over the past decade, the Department of Defense (DoD) developed an emergent network of systems that operate together on the battlefield to provide value to the DoD. Advances in systems engineering have enabled the DoD to develop better, more integrated, and more complex systems in this time frame. One of the emerging topics in systems engineering is the importance of nonfunctional attributes captured in the ilities of a system. One of these ilities, interoperability, captures the ability of a system to operate with other systems as DoD systems do on the battlefield. This article applies social network analysis tools and methods to understand the effect of expanding the definition of interoperability beyond information flows to include shared resources and physical connections. Social network analysis metrics, such as density and average degree, quantify the effect of expanding interoperability to capture other aspects of interoperability. By capturing these additional aspects of interoperability, the number of connections in the DoD network of systems increases by nearly a factor of four. Thus, if the ility of interoperability narrowly focuses on information flows, then systems engineers could potentially miss a large number of important connections in a network of systems.
Benchmarking in classification and regression
Authors: Hoffmann Frank , Bertram Torsten , Mikut Ralf , Reischl Markus , Nelles Oliver
Published: June 2019

The article presents an overview of the status quo in benchmarking in classification and nonlinear regression. It outlines guidelines for a comparative analysis in machine learning, benchmarking principles, accuracy estimation, and model validation. It provides references to established repositories and competitions and discusses the objectives and limitations of benchmarking. Benchmarking is key to progress in machine learning as it allows an unprejudiced comparison among alternative methods. This article presents guidelines and best practices for benchmarking in classification and regression. It reviews state‐of‐the‐art approaches in machine learning, establishes benchmarking principles and discusses performance metrics for a sound statistical comparative analysis.

This article is categorized under:

Technologies > Computational Intelligence

Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Key Design Issues in Data Mining

Technologies > Machine Learning

Technologies > Classification
N3LO predictions for the decay of the Higgs boson to bottom quarks
Authors: Mondini Roberto , Schiavi Matthew , Williams Ciaran
Published: June 2019

Abstract

We present a fully-differential calculation of the

$$ H\to b\overline{b} $$

H
→
b

b
¯

decay at next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order (N3LO) accuracy. Our calculation considers diagrams in which the Higgs boson couples directly to the bottom quarks, i.e. the perturbative order we consider is

$$ \mathcal{O}\left({\alpha}_s^3{y}_b^2\right) $$

O

α
s
3

y
b
2

. In order to regulate the infrared divergences present at this order we use the Projection-to-Born technique coupled with N -jettiness slicing. After validating our methodology at next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) we present exclusive jet rates and differential distributions for jet observables at N3LO accuracy using the Durham jet algorithm in the Higgs rest frame.
autoboot: a generator of bootstrap equations with global symmetry
Authors: Go Mocho , Tachikawa Yuji
Published: June 2019

Abstract

We introduce autoboot, a Mathematica program which automatically generates mixed correlator bootstrap equations of an arbitrary number of scalar external operators, given the global symmetry group and the representations of the operators. The output is a Python program which uses Ohtsuki’s cboot which in turn uses Simmons-Duffin’s sdpb. The code is available at https://github.com/selpoG/autoboot/.

In an appendix we also discuss a simple technique to significantly reduce the time to run sdpb, which we call hot-starting.
Fermion conformal bootstrap in 4d
Authors: Karateev Denis , Kravchuk Petr , Serone Marco , Vichi Alessandro
Published: June 2019

Abstract

We apply numerical conformal bootstrap techniques to the four-point function of a Weyl spinor in 4d non-supersymmetric CFTs. We find universal bounds on operator dimensions and OPE coefficients, including bounds on operators in mixed symmetry representations of the Lorentz group, which were inaccessible in previous bootstrap studies. We find discontinuities in some of the bounds on operator dimensions, and we show that they arise due to a generic yet previously unobserved “fake primary” effect, which is related to the existence of poles in conformal blocks. We show that this effect is also responsible for similar discontinuities found in four-fermion bootstrap in 3d, as well as in the mixed-correlator analysis of the 3d Ising CFT. As an important byproduct of our work, we develop a practical technology for numerical approximation of general 4d conformal blocks.
Leveraging LDV techniques for the investigation of unsteady turbomachinery flows
Authors: Gooding W. J. , Key N. L.
Published: June 2019

Steps required for proper acquisition and processing of laser Doppler velocimetry data for turbomachinery research applications are addressed. Turbomachinery applications are difficult due to the small internal passages, high-frequency fluctuations, large turbulence intensities, and strong secondary flows resulting in low overall signal-to-noise ratios and narrowband noise sources that cannot be removed by simple band-pass filters. Special aspects that must be considered for successful and accurate laser Doppler velocimetry studies to be conducted in turbomachinery are discussed. Specifically, the design of the measurement volume size, reflection mitigation, engineering of seed particle size and injection schema, and alignment of the traverse mechanism are addressed in terms of their importance (from literature sources) and the solutions implemented by the authors. These techniques have been applied to successfully obtain three-component, unsteady velocity data in a high-speed centrifugal compressor for aeroengine application. Processing techniques are also presented including a novel mixture-model-based statistical method for narrowband noise isolation developed by the authors. The method, validation steps, and example results are presented, showing the successful rejection of noise with high accuracy, a low failure rate, and a significant reduction in required manual inspection. This newly developed method elucidated flow features that were not clear prior to the noise removal.
US Governmental Spending for Disaster-Related Research, 2011–2016: Characterizing the State of Science Funding Across 5 Professional Disciplines
Authors: Kirsch Thomas D. , Keim Mark
Published: June 2019

Objective:

Disaster-related research funding in the United States has not been described. This study characterizes Federal funding for disaster-related research for 5 professional disciplines: medicine, public health, social science, engineering, emergency management.

Methods:

An online key word search was performed using the website, www.USAspending.gov, to identify federal awards, grants, and contracts during 2011–2016. A panel of experts then reviewed each entry for inclusion.

Results:

The search identified 9145 entries, of which 262 (3%) met inclusion criteria. Over 6 years, the Federal Government awarded US $69 325 130 for all disaster-related research. Total funding levels quadrupled in the first 3 years and then halved in the last 3 years. Half of the funding was for engineering, 3 times higher than social sciences and emergency management and 5 times higher than public health and medicine. Ten (11%) institutions received 52% of all funding. The search returned entries for only 12 of the 35 pre-identified disaster-related capabilities; 6 of 12 capabilities appear to have received no funding for at least 2 years.

Conclusion:

US federal funding for disaster-related research is limited and highly variable during 2011–2016. There are no clear reasons for apportionment. There appears to be an absence of prioritization. There does not appear to be a strategy for alignment of research with national disaster policies.
Beyond Hagiography with Footnotes: Writing Biographies of the Chabad Rebbe in the Post-Schneerson Era
Authors: Tworek Wojciech
Published: June 2019

This article discusses the biographies of Menachem Mendel Schneerson (the Rebbe) within the broader context of Chabad historiographic lore, in particular the quasi-historical writings of Yosef Yiẓḥak Schneersohn from the 1930s and 1940s. Described by Ada Rapoport-Albert as “hagiography with footnotes,” these seemingly scholarly and modern texts constituted an alternative narrative to that of academic Jewish history. From this vantage point, I consider how biographies published by academics and by hasidic authors have mutually influenced each other, particularly in their scope, form, and method. To that end, I examine the controversy that surrounded the 2010 publication of the first academic biography of Schneerson, Samuel Heilman and Menachem Friedman'sThe Rebbe, and analyze the strategies undertaken by subsequent authors that have allowed them to present the Rebbe's life in a form that was no longer “hagiography with footnotes” (which would have alienated a secular readership) but as seemingly impartial biographies (without alienating the hasidic readership).
STUDIES IN THE FLORA OF ARABIA: XXXIII. A NEW SPECIES OF LAVANDULA (LAMIACEAE) FROM OMAN
Authors: Patzelt A. , Al Hinai A.
Published: June 2019

A new species of Lavandula (Lamiaceae) is described from the Western Hajar Mountains of Oman. The species is fully described and illustrated. Habitat details and an assessment of its conservation status are provided.
Debt-oriented Capital Structure and Economic Growth: Panel Evidence for OECD Countries
Authors: Shah Syed Munawar , Abdul-Majid Mariani , Karim Zulkefly Abdul
Published: June 2019

This paper examines the relationship between debt-oriented capital structure and economic growth by analysing a panel data of 16 European countries, based on the availability of data. We find that the corporate leverage in financial and non-financial corporations affects economic growth negatively. Furthermore, the results indicate that the leverage in non-financial corporations affects economic growth more than the leverage in financial corporations. This is due to the direct relationship between economic growth and the real sector and the fact that non-financial corporations in OECD countries hold more debt as compared with financial corporations.
The Many-faced Court: The Value of Participation in Annulment Proceedings
Authors: Krajewski Michał
Published: June 2019

European Court of Justice – General Court – EU procedural law and practice – Procedural rights of the parties to judicial proceedings before the EU Courts – Participation of the parties to judicial proceedings and the legitimacy of judicial decisions – Accuracy of decision-making, the right to a hearing and procedural economy as guiding values of EU procedural law and practice – Different procedural practices of the General Court and the Court of Justice – The filtering of appeals by the Court of Justice – The accountability of the EU Courts for their procedural law and standards
Die Gründungsgeschichte und Entwicklung der Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychiatrie – Rückblick und Ausblick aus Anlass ihres 45-jährigen Bestehens
Authors: Remschmidt Helmut , Schmidt Martin H.
Published: June 2019

Zusammenfassung. Unter Einbeziehung von Archivunterlagen wird ein Überblick über die Gründung der Zeitschrift für Kinder und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie und ihr Vorläuferorgan, das Jahrbuch für Jugendpsychiatrie und ihre Grenzgebiete, gegeben. Der erste Jahrgang der Zeitschrift erschien 1973, 5 Jahre nachdem ein eigenständiger Facharzt für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland etabliert worden war. Die Gründer und ersten Herausgeber der Zeitschrift waren Hermann Stutte (1909–1982) und Hubert Harbauer (1919–1980). Schriftleiter und spätere Herausgeber waren Helmut Remschmidt und Martin Schmidt, die 30 Jahre (1973–2003) für die Zeitschrift tätig waren. Seitens des Verlages Hans Huber (Bern) hat der damalige Verlagsdirektor Walter Jäger (1916–2001) die Zeitschrift nachhaltig gefördert. Er erhielt im Jahr 1975 die Ehrendoktorwürde der medizinischen Fakultät der Philipps-Universität Marburg. Die Zeitschrift hat im gesamten Zeitraum ihrer Existenz fortschrittliche Entwicklungen aufgenommen und kann als das führende Publikationsorgan der deutschsprachigen Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie angesehen werden. Sie rangiert mit einem Impact-Faktor von derzeit 1.206 auf Platz 100 in der Liste von 142 internationalen psychiatrischen Fachzeitschriften.
Physical Drivers of Changes in Probabilistic Surge Hazard Under Sea Level Rise
Authors: Liu Yi , Asher Taylor G. , Irish Jennifer L.
Published: June 2019

Surge hazards induced by tropical cyclones have caused substantial economic losses and casualties for coastal communities worldwide. Under projected sea level rise (SLR), it is not well understood how the probabilistic surge hazard may change. Coastal planning and engineering usually adopt the “bathtub” method to evaluate the surge‐SLR response, where surge with SLR is considered to be the exact summation of the two. This method has been shown by previous studies to be unreliable. Studies on surge‐SLR response either use a low‐fidelity model setup or rely on individual storm's surge to represent the probabilistic surge due to the high computational burden. Herein, we use high‐fidelity numerical models in the Tampa region, West Florida, consider 188 synthetic storms and four SLR scenarios, and investigate the surge‐SLR response and its physical drivers. Compared to the direct summation of present‐day surge and SLR amount, results show that the probabilistic surge with SLR can be 1.0 m larger, while different individual storm's surge with the same magnitude can be 1.5 m larger or 0.1 m smaller, indicating the importance of not relying on a limited number of surge events to assess the probabilistic surge response to SLR. Investigation of the physical drivers shows that distinct topographic features of the study area and storm forward speed notably affect the surge‐SLR response. When considering 1.3 m or larger SLR in the study area, complex topography, and large surge events, the effects of SLR on the probabilistic surge are hard to predict and should be investigated more carefully.
Eddy Wake Generation From Broadband Currents Near Palau
Authors: MacKinnon Jennifer A. , Alford Matthew H. , Voet Gunnar , Zeiden Kristin L. , Shaun Johnston T. M. , Siegelman Mika , Merrifield Sophia , Merrifield Mark
Published: June 2019

Wake eddies are frequently created by flow separation where ocean currents encounter abrupt topography in the form of islands or headlands. Most previous work has concentrated on wake eddy generation by either purely oscillatory (usually tidal) currents, or quasi‐steady mean flows. Here we report measurements near the point of flow separation at the northern end of the Palau island chain, where energetic tides and vertically sheared low‐frequency flows are both present. Energetic turbulence measured near the very steeply sloping ocean floor varied cubically with the total flow speed (primarily tidal). The estimated turbulent viscosity suggests a regime of flow separation and eddying wake generation for flows that directly feel this drag. Small‐scale (∼1 km), vertically sheared wake eddies of different vorticity signs were observed with a shipboard survey on both sides of the separation point, and significantly evolved over several tidal periods. The net production and export of vorticity into the wake, expected to sensitively depend on the interplay of tidal and low‐frequency currents, is explored here with a simple conceptual model. Application of the model to a 10‐month mooring record suggests that inclusion of high frequency oscillatory currents may boost the net flux of vorticity into the ocean interior by a depth dependent factor of 2 to 25. Models that do not represent the effect of these high frequency currents may not accurately infer the net momentum or energy losses felt where strong flows encounter steep island or headland topography.
Are Changes in Atmospheric Circulation Important for Black Carbon Aerosol Impacts on Clouds, Precipitation, and Radiation?
Authors: Johnson B. T. , Haywood J. M. , Hawcroft M. K.
Published: June 2019

Black carbon (BC) aerosols strongly absorb solar radiation, but their effective radiative forcing and impacts on regional climate remain highly uncertain owing to strong feedbacks of BC heating on clouds, convection, and precipitation. This study investigates the role of large‐scale circulation changes in governing such feedbacks. In the HadGEM3 climate model BC emissions were increased to 10 times present‐day values while keeping sea surface temperatures fixed, to assess the rapid adjustments to increased BC absorption. The BC perturbation led to an effective radiative forcing of 2.7 W/m2 and a 0.13‐mm/day reduction in global precipitation. There were also large shifts in the spatial distribution of tropical convection, increased low cloud over oceans, and a weakening and poleward shift of midlatitude storm tracks, especially in the Northern Hemisphere. In a parallel experiment, horizontal winds were nudged toward meteorological reanalyses to deliberately suppress circulation responses while allowing changes to the thermodynamic structure of the atmosphere. Surprisingly, BC had approximately the same impact on global‐mean radiation and global precipitation in the nudged experiment, even though regional changes in clouds and convection were not fully captured. The results show that large‐scale dynamical responses to BC are important for regional impacts but have a limited role in determining the effective radiative forcing and global‐mean climate response. The rapid adjustments of clouds, radiation, and global precipitation were primarily a response to increased radiative absorption and atmospheric stability. This implies that short nudged simulations may be sufficient to assess absorbing aerosol impacts on global‐mean radiation and precipitation.
Mitochondrial maturation drives germline stem cell differentiation in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Charmpilas Nikolaos , Tavernarakis Nektarios
Published: June 2019

The C. elegans germline recapitulates mammalian stem cell niches and provides an effective platform for investigating key aspects of stem cell biology. However, the molecular and physiological requirements for germline stem cell homeostasis remain largely elusive. Here, we report that mitochondrial biogenesis and function are crucial for germline stem cell identity. We show that general transcription activity in germline mitochondria is highly compartmentalized, and determines mitochondrial maturation. RPOM-1, the mitochondrial RNA polymerase, is differentially expressed as germ nuclei progress from the distal to the proximal gonad arm to form oocytes. Mitochondria undergo changes from globular to tubular morphology and become polarized, as they approach the proximal gonad arm. Notably, this mitochondrial maturation trajectory is evolutionarily conserved. We find that a similar transition and temporal mitochondrial RNA polymerase expression profile characterizes differentiation of mammalian stem cells. In C. elegans, ATP, and ROS production increases sharply during maturation. Impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics causes gonad syncytium tumor formation by disrupting the balance between mitosis and differentiation to oocytes, which results in a marked reduction of fecundity. Consequently, compensatory apoptosis is induced in the germline. Sperm-derived signals promote mitochondrial maturation and proper germ cell differentiation via the MEK/ERK kinase pathway. Germ cell fate decisions are determined by a crosstalk between Insulin/IGF-1 and TGF-β signaling, mitochondria and protein synthesis. Our findings demonstrate that mitochondrial transcription activity determines a shift in mitochondrial bioenergetics, which in turn regulates germline stem cell survival and differentiation. Perturbation of mitochondrial transcription hinders proper germ cell differentiation and causes germline tumor development.
Single and fractionated ionizing radiation induce alterations in endothelial connexin expression and channel function
Authors: Ramadan Raghda , Vromans Els , Anang Dornatien Chuo , Decrock Elke , Mysara Mohamed , Monsieurs Pieter , Baatout Sarah , Leybaert Luc , Aerts An
Published: June 2019

Radiotherapy is an effective treatment for most tumor types. However, emerging evidence indicates an increased risk for atherosclerosis after ionizing radiation exposure, initiated by endothelial cell dysfunction. Interestingly, endothelial cells express connexin (Cx) proteins that are reported to exert proatherogenic as well as atheroprotective effects. Furthermore, Cxs form channels, gap junctions and hemichannels, that are involved in bystander signaling that leads to indirect radiation effects in non-exposed cells. We here aimed to investigate the consequences of endothelial cell irradiation on Cx expression and channel function. Telomerase immortalized human Coronary Artery/Microvascular Endothelial cells were exposed to single and fractionated X-rays. Several biological endpoints were investigated at different time points after exposure: Cx gene and protein expression, gap junctional dye coupling and hemichannel function. We demonstrate that single and fractionated irradiation induce upregulation of proatherogenic Cx43 and downregulation of atheroprotective Cx40 gene and protein levels in a dose-dependent manner. Single and fractionated irradiation furthermore increased gap junctional communication and induced hemichannel opening. Our findings indicate alterations in Cx expression that are typically observed in endothelial cells covering atherosclerotic plaques. The observed radiation-induced increase in Cx channel function may promote bystander signaling thereby exacerbating endothelial cell damage and atherogenesis.
VIPP1 rods engulf membranes containing phosphatidylinositol phosphates
Authors: Theis Jasmine , Gupta Tilak Kumar , Klingler Johannes , Wan William , Albert Sahradha , Keller Sandro , Engel Benjamin D. , Schroda Michael
Published: June 2019

In cyanobacteria and plants, VIPP1 plays crucial roles in the biogenesis and repair of thylakoid membrane protein complexes and in coping with chloroplast membrane stress. In chloroplasts, VIPP1 localizes in distinct patterns at or close to envelope and thylakoid membranes. In vitro, VIPP1 forms higher-order oligomers of >1 MDa that organize into rings and rods. However, it remains unknown how VIPP1 oligomerization is related to function. Using time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy and sucrose density gradient centrifugation, we show here that Chlamydomonas reinhardtii VIPP1 binds strongly to liposomal membranes containing phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PI4P). Cryo-electron tomography reveals that VIPP1 oligomerizes into rods that can engulf liposomal membranes containing PI4P. These findings place VIPP1 into a group of membrane-shaping proteins including epsin and BAR domain proteins. Moreover, they point to a potential role of phosphatidylinositols in directing the shaping of chloroplast membranes.
Phonon blockade in a nanomechanical resonator quadratically coupled to a two-level system
Authors: Shi Hai-Quan , Xu Xun-Wei , Liu Nian-Hua
Published: June 2019

We investigate phonon statistics in a nanomechanical resonator (NAMR), which is quadratically coupled to a two-level system, by driving the NAMR and two-level system simultaneously. We find that unconventional phonon blockade (UCPNB), i.e., strong phonon antibunching effect based on quantum interference, can be observed when driven fields are weak. By increasing the strengths of the driving fields, we show the crossover from the UCPNB to the conventional phonon blockade (CPNB), which is induced by the strong nonlinear interaction of the system. Moreover, under the strong coupling condition for CPNB, quantum interference effect can also be used to enhanced the phonon blockade by optimizing the phase difference of the two external driving fields.
Multiplex optical detection and quantification of DNA fragments by metallo-peptide assemblies
Authors: Saha Abhijit , Reches Meital
Published: June 2019

Rapid detection of infectious agents such as bacteria and viruses are important for proper health management, agriculture and homeland security. This paper presents a multiplex DNA detection system self-assembled by a metallo-peptide complex. Within five minutes, the system can simultaneously detect multiple DNA fragments, without any need for their separation. The presence of proteins in the sample does not harm the detection capabilities of the system, which can discriminate even between one base-pair mismatch and can perform at concentrations as low as 200 pM.
Shared Molecular Signatures Across Neurodegenerative Diseases and Herpes Virus Infections Highlights Potential Mechanisms for Maladaptive Innate Immune Responses
Authors: Costa Sa Ana Caroline , Madsen Heather , Brown James R.
Published: June 2019

Growing evidence suggests that peripheral factors to the brain driving neuro-inflammation could affect Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and Parkinson’s Disease (PD) severity. Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1) infection has been associated with AD while other related viruses, including cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Bar virus and human herpesvirus 6 (HHV6), are known to infect neurons. Here we compare gene expression profiles between AD or PD patients to those afflicted with herpes viral infections as to discover novel potential neuro-inflammation pathways. We found multiple significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) shared between AD/PD and viral infections including SESN3 which has a genetic association for increased AD risk. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed viruses shared Oxidative Stress Defense System and LRRK2 pathways with AD and PD, respectively. We further processed our data to identify novel target and drug-repurposing opportunities including anti-inflammatory therapy, immune-modulators and cholinesterase inhibitors which could lead to new therapeutics paradigms for these neurodegenerative diseases.
MetaGxData: Clinically Annotated Breast, Ovarian and Pancreatic Cancer Datasets and their Use in Generating a Multi-Cancer Gene Signature
Authors: Gendoo Deena M. A. , Zon Michael , Sandhu Vandana , Manem Venkata S. K. , Ratanasirigulchai Natchar , Chen Gregory M. , Waldron Levi , Haibe-Kains Benjamin
Published: June 2019

A wealth of transcriptomic and clinical data on solid tumours are under-utilized due to unharmonized data storage and format. We have developed the MetaGxData package compendium, which includes manually-curated and standardized clinical, pathological, survival, and treatment metadata across breast, ovarian, and pancreatic cancer data. MetaGxData is the largest compendium of curated transcriptomic data for these cancer types to date, spanning 86 datasets and encompassing 15,249 samples. Open access to standardized metadata across cancer types promotes use of their transcriptomic and clinical data in a variety of cross-tumour analyses, including identification of common biomarkers, and assessing the validity of prognostic signatures. Here, we demonstrate that MetaGxData is a flexible framework that facilitates meta-analyses by using it to identify common prognostic genes in ovarian and breast cancer. Furthermore, we use the data compendium to create the first gene signature that is prognostic in a meta-analysis across 3 cancer types. These findings demonstrate the potential of MetaGxData to serve as an important resource in oncology research, and provide a foundation for future development of cancer-specific compendia.
Reconstruction of bovine spermatozoa substances distribution and morphological differences between Holstein and Korean native cattle using three-dimensional refractive index tomography
Authors: Jiang Hao , Kwon Jeong-woo , Lee Sumin , Jo Yu-Jin , Namgoong Suk , Yao Xue-rui , Yuan Bao , Zhang Jia-bao , Park Yong-Keun , Kim Nam-Hyung
Published: June 2019

Measurements of the three-dimensional (3D) structure of spermatozoon are crucial for the study of developmental biology and for the evaluation of in vitro fertilization. Here, we present 3D label-free imaging of individual spermatozoon and perform quantitative analysis of bovine, porcine, and mouse spermatozoa morphologies using refractive index tomography. Various morphological and biophysical properties were determined, including the internal structure, volume, surface area, concentration, and dry matter mass of individual spermatozoon. Furthermore, Holstein cows and Korean native cattle spermatozoa were systematically analyzed and revealed significant differences in spermatozoa head length, head width, midpiece length, and tail length between the two breeds. This label-free imaging approach provides a new technique for understanding the physiology of spermatozoa.
The quantum thermodynamic force responsible for quantum state transformation and the flow and backflow of information
Authors: Ahmadi B. , Salimi S. , Khorashad A. S. , Kheirandish F.
Published: June 2019

Why do quantum evolutions occur and why do they stop at certain points? In classical thermodynamics affinity was introduced to predict in which direction an irreversible process proceeds. In this paper the quantum mechanical counterpart of the classical affinity is found. It is shown that the quantum version of affinity can predict in which direction a process evolves. A new version of the second law of thermodynamics is derived through quantum affinity for energy-incoherent state interconversion under thermal operations. we will also see that the quantum affinity can be a good candidate to be responsible, as a force, for driving the flow and backflow of information in Markovian and non-Markovian evolutions. Finally we show that the rate of quantum coherence can be interpreted as the pure quantum mechanical contribution of the total thermodynamic force and flow. Thus it is seen that, from a thermodynamic point of view, any interaction from the outside with the system or any measurement on the system may be represented by a quantum affinity.
PAR-4 overcomes chemo-resistance in breast cancer cells by antagonizing cIAP1
Authors: Guo Haihong , Treude Fabian , Krämer Oliver H. , Lüscher Bernhard , Hartkamp Jörg
Published: June 2019

Most deaths from breast cancer result from tumour recurrence, which is typically an incurable disease. Down-regulation of the pro-apoptotic tumour suppressor protein prostate apoptosis response-4 (PAR-4) is required for breast cancer recurrence and resistance to chemotherapy. Recent advances in the analysis of apoptotic signalling networks have uncovered an important role for activation of caspase-8 following DNA damage by genotoxic drugs. DNA damage induces depletion of IAP proteins and causes caspase-8 activation by promoting the formation of a cytosolic cell death complex. We demonstrate that loss of PAR-4 in triple negative breast cancer cell lines (TNBC) mediates resistance to DNA damage-induced apoptosis and prevents activation of caspase-8. Moreover, loss of PAR-4 prevents DNA damage-induced cIAP1 depletion. PAR-4 functions downstream of caspase-8 by cleavage-induced nuclear translocation of the C-terminal part and we demonstrate that nuclear translocation of the C-terminal PAR-4 fragment leads to depletion of cIAP1 and subsequent caspase-8 activation. Specifically targeting cIAP1 with RNAi or Smac mimetics (LCL161) overcomes chemo-resistance induced by loss of PAR-4 and restores caspase-8 activation. Our data identify cIAP1 as important downstream mediator of PAR-4 and we provide evidence that combining Smac mimetics and genotoxic drugs creates vulnerability for synthetic lethality in TNBC cells lacking PAR-4.