bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sense-B-noise: an enigmatic cause for inappropriate shocks in subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillators
Authors: Haeberlin Andreas , Burri Haran , Schaer Beat , Koepfli Pascal , Grebmer Christian , Breitenstein Alexander , Reichlin Tobias , Noti Fabian
Published: November 2022

Aims

Subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillators (S-ICDs) are well established. However, inappropriate shocks (IAS) remain a source of concern since S-ICDs offer very limited troubleshooting options. In our multicentre case series, we describe several patients who experienced IAS due to a previously unknown S-ICD system issue.

Methods and results

We observed six patients suffering from this novel IAS entity. The IAS occurred exclusively in primary or alternate S-ICD sensing vector configuration (therefore called ‘Sense-B-noise’). IAS were caused by non-physiologic oversensing episodes characterized by intermittent signal saturation, diminished QRS amplitudes, and disappearance of the artefacts after the IAS. Noise/oversensing could not be provoked by manipulation, X-ray did not show evidence for lead/header issues and impedance measurements were within normal limits. The pooled experience of our centres implies that up to ∼5% of S-ICDs may be affected. The underlying root cause was discussed extensively with the manufacturer but remains unknown and is under further investigation.

Conclusion

Sense-B-noise is a novel cause for IAS due to non-physiologic signal oversensing, arising from a previously unknown S-ICD system issue. Sense-B-noise may be suspected if episodes of signal saturation in primary or alternate vector configuration are present, oversensing cannot be provoked, and X-ray and electrical measurements appear normal. The issue can be resolved by reprogramming the device to secondary sensing vector.
New CNN-based tool to discriminate anthropogenic from natural low magnitude seismic events
Authors: Hourcade Céline , Bonnin Mickaël , Beucler Éric
Published: November 2022

With the deployment of high quality and dense permanent seismic networks over the last 15 yr comes a dramatic increase of data to process. In order to lower the threshold value of magnitudes in a catalogue as much as possible, the issue of discrimination between natural and anthropogenic events is becoming increasingly important. To achieve this discrimination, we propose the use of a convolutional neural network (CNN) trained from spectrograms. We built a database of labelled events detected in metropolitan France between 2020 and 2021 and trained a CNN with three-component 60 s spectrograms ranging frequencies from 1 to 50 Hz. By applying our trained model on independent French data, we reach an accuracy of 98.2 per cent. In order to show the versatility of the approach, this trained model is also applied on different geographical areas, a post-seismic campaign from NW France and data from Utah, and reaches an accuracy of 100.0 and 96.7 per cent, respectively. These tests tend to hypothesize that some features due to explosions compared to earthquakes are widely shared in different geographical places. In a first approach, we propose that it can be due to a contrast in the energy balance between natural and anthopogenic events. Earthquake seismic energies seem to be more continuous as a function of frequency (vertical bands features in a spectrogram) and conversely for explosions (horizontal strips).
A novel chaotic Runge Kutta optimization algorithm for solving constrained engineering problems
Authors: Yıldız Betül Sultan , Mehta Pranav , Panagant Natee , Mirjalili Seyedali , Yildiz Ali Riza
Published: November 2022

This study proposes a novel hybrid metaheuristic optimization algorithm named chaotic Runge Kutta optimization (CRUN). In this study, 10 diverse chaotic maps are being incorporated with the base Runge Kutta optimization (RUN) algorithm to improve their performance. An imperative analysis was conducted to check CRUN’s convergence proficiency, sustainability of critical constraints, and effectiveness. The proposed algorithm was tested on six well-known design engineering tasks, namely: gear train design, coupling with a bolted rim, pressure vessel design, Belleville spring, and vehicle brake-pedal optimization. The results demonstrate that CRUN is superior compared to state-of-the-art algorithms in the literature. So, in each case study, CRUN was superior to the rest of the algorithms and furnished the best-optimized parameters with the least deviation. In this study, 10 chaotic maps were enhanced with the base RUN algorithm. However, these chaotic maps improve the solution quality, prevent premature convergence, and yield the global optimized output. Accordingly, the proposed CRUN algorithm can also find superior aspects in various spectrums of managerial implications such as supply chain management, business models, fuzzy circuits, and management models.
Anatrophic nephrolithotomy and pyelolithotomy for dual staghorn calculi in bifid collecting system
Authors: Ealing Isaac , Calopedos Ross , Basto Marnique , Palma Catalina , Boulas John
Published: November 2022

A bifid ureter is an atypical anatomical variation that occurs with an incidence of 1–10%. This anomaly is in a continuum of duplex collecting systems and most commonly involves a common distal ureter. This is usually asymptomatic and is predominantly an incidental diagnosis, nevertheless, is a potential risk factor for urolithiasis formation. Current surgical management of larger staghorn calculi favours percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) over traditional open surgery, however for multiple calculi and complex anatomy PCNL would require multiple punctures, with increased risk of bleeding, pleural injury, sepsis and ultimately failed stone clearance. We describe the case of a 71-year-old female with multiple calculi in bifid anatomy. A single open approach, aided with cold-ischaemia was successfully utilized in this context.
Assessment of Training Load, Sleep, Injuries, and Operational Physical Performance During Basic Military Qualification
Authors: Laroche Marie-Andrée , Chassé Étienne , Théoret Daniel , Lalonde François , Comtois Alain-Steve
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Optimizing training load (TL) and sleep is essential to maximize physical performance and prevent musculoskeletal injuries (MSKIs) for Canadian forces recruits during the 10-week basic military qualification (BMQ) course. The purpose of this study was to assess the TL, sleep duration, the occurrence of MSKIs during the BMQ, and the operation fitness performance during the BMQ.

Materials and Methods

Forty Canadian recruits, eight females and 32 males, (age 24 ± 5 years; height 176.4 ± 10.4 cm), were monitored with an accelerometer (GENEActiv) on their wrist between weeks 1 and 9 to evaluate the TL and sleep duration. During weeks 2 and 10, the recruits completed an operational fitness evaluation. Injury surveillance was performed over 10 weeks.

Results

TL intensity was significantly different (P = 0.0001) from week to week. The weekly average total time of moderate and vigorous physical activity was 189.7 ± 48.1 min and 44.7 ± 15.2 min, respectively. The average sleep duration was 5.4 ± 0.4 h per night and decreased to 4.2 h ± 0.4 during field exercises. A significant difference in sleep duration was observed between recruits with and without a MSKI. The recruits accumulated a total of 95 days under medical restrictions with an average of 3.8 consecutive days. The VO2peak estimated from the Fitness for Operational Requirements of Canadian Armed Forces Employment job–based simulation test significantly improved from weeks 2 to 10 (pre, 47.1 ± 6.3; post: 50.2 ± 5.8; P = 0.001).

Conclusions

TL is of high magnitude and varies from week to week. The reported mean sleep duration per week may perhaps negatively impact the occurrence of MSKI. No significant improvement was detected in operational fitness by the end of the BMQ.
The radio signal of PSR B0950 + 08 is detected over the whole pulse phase
Authors: Wang Zhengli , Lu Jiguang , Jiang Jinchen , Lin Jie , Lee Kejia , Liang Enwei , Xu Renxin
Published: November 2022

Pulsars are known as the ‘lighthouses’ of the Universe. Periodic pulses with a duty cycle of $\sim 10{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ are detected when the radio beam of a rotating pulsar sweeps across the telescope. In this report, 160-min data of a nearby pulsar, PSR B0950 + 08, observed with the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) are analysed. Thanks to the extremely high sensitivity of FAST, it is found that the radiation of PSR B0950 + 08 can be detected over the entire pulse period. To investigate the radiative characteristics of the pulsar’s ‘bridge emission’, a function, Θ(n), is defined to reveal the weak radiation there. It is suggested that the narrow peaks of both the main pulses and interpulses could be radiated at low altitude, while other weak emission (e.g. the ‘bridges’) comes from the upper magnetosphere, though its radiative mechanism is still a matter of debate. The measured mean pulse behaviours are consistent with previous results in the phase of strong emission of this pulsar, and both the frequency-independent separation between the interpulse and main pulse and the narrow pulse width may support a double-pole model. In order to understand the magnetospheric geometry of this pulsar, further polarization-calibrated observation with FAST and a proper determination of the baseline emission, especially during the weak emission phase, are surely required.
Radiative feedback on supermassive star formation: the massive end of the Population III initial mass function
Authors: Toyouchi Daisuke , Inayoshi Kohei , Li Wenxiu , Haiman Zoltán , Kuiper Rolf
Published: November 2022

Supermassive stars with masses of M* ≃ 104–105 M⊙ are invoked as possible seeds of high-redshift supermassive black holes, but it remains under debate whether their protostar indeed acquires sufficient mass via gas accretion overcoming radiative feedback. We investigate protostellar growth in dynamically heated atomic cooling haloes (ACHs) found in recent cosmological simulations, performing three-dimensional radiation hydrodynamical simulations that consider stellar evolution under variable mass accretion. We find that one of the ACHs feeds the central protostar at rates exceeding a critical value, above which the star evolves in a cool bloating phase and hardly produces ionizing photons. Consequently, the stellar mass reaches M* ≳ 104 M⊙ unimpeded by radiative feedback. In the other ACH, where the mass supply rate is lower, the star evolves almost as a hot main-sequence star, emitting intense ionizing radiation. Then, the stellar mass growth is terminated around 500 M⊙ by photoevaporation of the circumstellar disc. Our simulations provide a formula of the final stellar mass determined either by stellar feedback or their lifetime as a function of the mass supply rate from the parent cloud. Combining the results with the statistical properties of star-forming clouds in high-redshift quasar progenitor haloes, we construct a top-heavy mass distribution of primordial stars over M* ≃ 100–105 M⊙, approximately following a power-law spectrum of ${\propto} M_\ast ^{-1.3}$. Their black hole remnants would be further fed via the dense debris disc, powering ‘milliquasars’ with a bolometric luminosity of Lbol ≳ 1043 erg s−1.
Does absorption against AGN reveal supermassive black hole accretion?
Authors: Rose Tom , McNamara B R , Combes F , Edge A C , Fabian A C , Gaspari M , Russell H , Salomé P , Tremblay G , Ferland G
Published: November 2022

Galaxies often contain large reservoirs of molecular gas that shape their evolution. This can be through cooling of the gas – which leads to star formation, or accretion on to the central supermassive black hole – which fuels active galactic nucleus (AGN) activity and produces powerful feedback. Molecular gas has been detected in early-type galaxies on scales of just a few tens to hundreds of solar masses by searching for absorption against their compact radio cores. Using this technique, ALMA has found absorption in several brightest cluster galaxies, some of which show molecular gas moving towards their galaxy’s core at hundreds of km s−1. In this paper, we constrain the location of this absorbing gas by comparing each galaxy’s molecular emission and absorption. In four galaxies, the absorption properties are consistent with chance alignments between the continuum and a fraction of the molecular clouds visible in emission. In four others, the properties of the absorption are inconsistent with this scenario. In these systems, the absorption is likely produced by a separate population of molecular clouds in close proximity to the galaxy core and with high inward velocities and velocity dispersions. We thus deduce the existence of two types of absorber, caused by chance alignments between the radio core and: (i) a fraction of the molecular clouds visible in emission, and (ii) molecular clouds close to the AGN, in the process of accretion. We also present the first ALMA observations of molecular emission in S555, Abell 2390, RXC J1350.3+0940, and RXC J1603.6+1553 – with the latter three having $M_{\rm {mol}} \gt 10^{10}\, \rm {M}_{\odot }$.
The ALMA REBELS survey: the dust-obscured cosmic star formation rate density at redshift 7
Authors: Algera Hiddo S B , Inami Hanae , Oesch Pascal A , Sommovigo Laura , Bouwens Rychard J , Topping Michael W , Schouws Sander , Stefanon Mauro , Stark Daniel P , Aravena Manuel , Barrufet Laia , da Cunha Elisabete , Dayal Pratika , Endsley Ryan , Ferrara Andrea , Fudamoto Yoshinobu , Gonzalez Valentino , Graziani Luca , Hodge Jacqueline A , Hygate Alexander P S , de Looze Ilse , Nanayakkara Themiya , Schneider Raffaella , van der Werf Paul P
Published: November 2022

Cosmic dust is an essential component shaping both the evolution of galaxies and their observational signatures. How quickly dust builds up in the early Universe remains an open question that requires deep observations at (sub-)millimetre wavelengths to resolve. Here, we use Atacama Large Millimeter Array observations of 45 galaxies from the Reionization Era Bright Emission Line Survey (REBELS) and its pilot programs, designed to target [C ii] and dust emission in UV-selected galaxies at z ∼ 7, to investigate the dust content of high-redshift galaxies through a stacking analysis. We find that the typical fraction of obscured star formation fobs = SFRIR/SFRUV+IR depends on stellar mass, similar to what is observed at lower redshift, and ranges from fobs ≈ 0.3 − 0.6 for galaxies with log10(M⋆/M⊙) = 9.4–10.4. We further adopt the z ∼ 7 stellar mass function from the literature to extract the obscured cosmic star formation rate density (SFRD) from the REBELS survey. Our results suggest only a modest decrease in the SFRD between 3 ≲ z ≲ 7, with dust-obscured star formation still contributing ${\sim}30{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ at z ∼ 7. While we extensively discuss potential caveats, our analysis highlights the continued importance of dust-obscured star formation even well into the epoch of reionization.
Machine learning classification of CHIME fast radio bursts – I. Supervised methods
Authors: Luo Jia-Wei , Zhu-Ge Jia-Ming , Zhang Bing
Published: November 2022

Observationally, the mysterious fast radio bursts (FRBs) are classified as repeating ones and apparently non-repeating ones. While repeating FRBs cannot be classified into the non-repeating group, it is unknown whether the apparently non-repeating FRBs are actually repeating FRBs whose repetitions are yet to be discovered, or whether they belong to another physically distinct type from the repeating ones. In a series of two papers, we attempt to disentangle this mystery with machine learning methods. In this first paper, we focus on an array of supervised machine learning methods. We train the machine learning algorithms with a fraction of the observed FRBs in the first CHIME/FRB catalogue, telling them which ones are apparently non-repeating and which ones are repeating. We then let the trained models predict the repetitiveness of the rest of the FRB data with the observed parameters, and we compare the predictions with the observed repetitiveness. We find that the models can predict most FRBs correctly, hinting towards distinct mechanisms behind repeating and non-repeating FRBs. We also find that the two most important distinguishing factors between non-repeating and repeating FRBs are brightness temperature and rest-frame frequency bandwidth. By applying the trained models back to the entire first CHIME catalogue, we further identify some potentially repeating FRBs currently reported as non-repeating. We recommend a list of these bursts as targets for future observing campaigns to search for repeated bursts in a combination with the results presented in Paper II using unsupervised machine learning methods.
The Three Hundred Project: Connection between star formation quenching and dynamical evolution in and around simulated galaxy clusters
Authors: Hough Tomás , Cora Sofía A , Haggar Roan , Vega-Martinez Cristian , Kuchner Ulrike , Pearce Frazer , Gray Meghan , Knebe Alexander , Yepes Gustavo
Published: November 2022

In this work, we combine the semi-analytic model of galaxy formation and evolution sag with the 102 relaxed simulated galaxy clusters from the three hundred project, and we study the link between the quenching of star formation (SF) and the physical processes that galaxies experience through their dynamical history in and around clusters. We classify galaxies in four populations based on their orbital history: recent and ancient infallers, and backsplash and neighbouring galaxies. We find that ∼85 per cent of the current population of quenched galaxies located inside the clusters are ancient infallers with low or null content of hot and cold gas. The fraction of quenched ancient infallers increases strongly between the first and second pericentric passage, due to the removal of hot gas by the action of ram-pressure stripping (RPS). The majority of them quenches after the first pericentric passage, but a non-negligible fraction needs a second passage, specially galaxies with $M_\star \le 10^{10.5} \, {\rm M_\odot }$. Recent infallers represent ∼15 per cent of the quenched galaxies located inside the cluster and, on average, they contain a high proportion of hot and cold gas; moreover, pre-processing effects are responsible for quenching the recent infallers prior to infall onto the main cluster progenitor. The ∼65 per cent of quenched galaxies located around clusters are backsplash galaxies, for which the combination of RPS acting during a pre-processing stage and inside the cluster is necessary for the suppression of SF in this population.
Spectroscopic follow-up of a subset of the Gaia/IPHAS catalogue of Hα-excess sources
Authors: Fratta M , Scaringi S , Monguió M , Pala A F , Drew J E , Knigge C , Iłkiewicz K A , Gandhi P
Published: November 2022

State-of-the-art techniques to identify Hα emission-line sources in narrow-band photometric surveys consist of searching for  Hα excess with reference to nearby objects in the sky (position-based selection). However, while this approach usually yields very few spurious detections, it may fail to select intrinsically faint and/or rare Hα-excess sources. In order to obtain a more complete representation of the heterogeneous emission-line populations, we recently developed a technique to find outliers relative to nearby objects in the colour–magnitude diagram (CMD-based selection). By combining position-based and CMD-based selections, we built an updated catalogue of Hα-excess candidates in the Northern Galactic Plane. Here, we present spectroscopic follow-up observations and classification of 114 objects from this catalogue that enables us to test our novel selection method. Out of the 70 spectroscopically confirmed Hα-emitters in our sample, 15 were identified only by the CMD-based selection, and would have been thus missed by the classic position-based technique. In addition, we explore the distribution of our spectroscopically confirmed emitters in the Gaia CMD. This information can support the classification of emission-line sources in large surveys such as the upcoming WEAVE and 4-m Multi-Object Spectroscopic Telescope, especially if augmented with the introduction of other colours.
An accurate set of H3O+ − H2 collisional rate coefficients for non-LTE modelling of warm interstellar clouds
Authors: Demes Sándor , Lique François , Faure Alexandre , van der Tak Floris F S
Published: November 2022

Hydronium (H3O+) was first detected in 1986 in interstellar molecular clouds. It was reported in many Galactic diffuse and dense regions, as well as in extragalactic sources. H3O+ plays a major role both in interstellar oxygen and water chemistry. However, despite the large number of H3O+ observations, its collisional excitation was investigated only partially. In this work, we study the state-to-state rotational (de-)excitation of ortho- and para-H3O+ in collisions both with ortho- and para-H2. The cross sections are calculated within the close-coupling formalism using a highly accurate potential energy surface developed for this system. The rate coefficients are computed up to a kinetic temperature of 300 K. Transitions between the lowest 21 rotation-inversion states were studied for para-H3O+, and the lowest 11 states for ortho-H3O+, i.e. all levels with rotational energies below 430 K (∼300 cm−1) are considered. In order to estimate the impact of the new rate coefficients on the astrophysical models for H3O+, radiative transfer calculations were also carried out. We have examined how the new collisional data affect the line intensities with respect to older data previously used for the interpretation of observations. By analysing all detected transitions we find that our new, accurate rate coefficients have a significant impact (typically within a factor of 2) on radiation temperatures, allowing more accurate estimation of column densities and relative abundances of hydronium, especially in warm molecular clouds, paving the path towards better interpretation of interstellar water and oxygen chemistry.
Collective effects in an incompressible electronic liquid
Authors: Miao Jian-Jian , Jin Hui-Ke , Zhou Yi
Published: November 2022

Starting from Landau’s kinetic equation, we show that an electronic liquid in d = 2, 3 spatial dimensions depicted by a Landau-type effective theory will become incompressible on condition that the Landau parameters satisfy either (i) $1+F_{1}^{s}/d=0$ or (ii) $F_{0}^{s}\rightarrow +\infty$. Condition (i) is the Pomeranchuk instability in the current channel and suggests a quantum spin liquid (QSL) state with a spinon Fermi surface; while condition (ii) means that the strong repulsion in the charge channel leads to a conventional charge and thermal insulator. In the collisionless regime (ωτ ≫ 1) and the hydrodynamic regime (ωτ ≪ 1), the zero and first sound modes have been studied and classified by symmetries, including the longitudinal and transverse modes in d = 2, 3 and the higher angular momentum modes in d = 3. The sufficient (and/or necessary) conditions of these collective modes have been revealed. It has been demonstrated that some of these collective modes will behave in quite different manners under incompressibility condition (i) or (ii). Possible nematic QSL states and a hierarchy structure for gapless QSL states have been proposed in d = 3.
Subgenomic RNA Abundance Relative to Total Viral RNA Among Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Variants
Authors: Su Maxwell , Ping Sara , Nguyen Phuong-Vi , Rojas Alejandra , Hussaini Laila , Carmola Ludy Registre , Taz Azmain , Sullivan Julie , Martin Greg S , Piantadosi Anne , Martinez Magaly , Lam Wilbur A , Anderson Evan J , Waggoner Jesse J
Published: November 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) subgenomic RNA (sgRNA) may indicate actively replicating virus, but sgRNA abundance has not been systematically compared between SARS-CoV-2 variants. sgRNA was quantified in 169 clinical samples by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, demonstrating similar relative abundance among known variants. Thus, sgRNA detection can identify individuals with active viral replication regardless of variant.
Generating 3D architectured nature-inspired materials and granular media using diffusion models based on language cues
Authors: Buehler Markus J
Published: November 2022

A variety of image generation methods have emerged in recent years, notably DALL-E 2, Imagen and Stable Diffusion. While they have been shown to be capable of producing photorealistic images from text prompts facilitated by generative diffusion models conditioned on language input, their capacity for materials design has not yet been explored. Here, we use a trained Stable Diffusion model and consider it as an experimental system, examining its capacity to generate novel material designs especially in the context of 3D material architectures. We demonstrate that this approach offers a paradigm to generate diverse material patterns and designs, using human-readable language as input, allowing us to explore a vast nature-inspired design portfolio for both novel architectured materials and granular media. We present a series of methods to translate 2D representations into 3D data, including movements through noise spaces via mixtures of text prompts, and image conditioning. We create physical samples using additive manufacturing and assess material properties of materials designed via a coarse-grained particle simulation approach. We present case studies using images as starting point for material generation; exemplified in two applications. First, a design for which we use Haeckel’s classic lithographic print of a diatom, which we amalgamate with a spider web. Second, a design that is based on the image of a flame, amalgamating it with a hybrid of a spider web and wood structures. These design approaches result in complex materials forming solids or granular liquid-like media that can ultimately be tuned to meet target demands.
Simple lessons from complex learning: what a neural network model learns about cosmic structure formation
Authors: Jamieson Drew , Li Yin , He Siyu , Villaescusa-Navarro Francisco , Ho Shirley , de Oliveira Renan Alves , Spergel David N
Published: November 2022

We train a neural network model to predict the full phase space evolution of cosmological N-body simulations. Its success implies that the neural network model is accurately approximating the Green’s function expansion that relates the initial conditions of the simulations to its outcome at later times in the deeply nonlinear regime. We test the accuracy of this approximation by assessing its performance on well-understood simple cases that have either known exact solutions or well-understood expansions. These scenarios include spherical configurations, isolated plane waves, and two interacting plane waves: initial conditions that are very different from the Gaussian random fields used for training. We find our model generalizes well to these well-understood scenarios, demonstrating that the networks have inferred general physical principles and learned the nonlinear mode couplings from the complex, random Gaussian training data. These tests also provide a useful diagnostic for finding the model’s strengths and weaknesses, and identifying strategies for model improvement. We also test the model on initial conditions that contain only transverse modes, a family of modes that differ not only in their phases but also in their evolution from the longitudinal growing modes used in the training set. When the network encounters these initial conditions that are orthogonal to the training set, the model fails completely. In addition to these simple configurations, we evaluate the model’s predictions for the density, displacement, and momentum power spectra with standard initial conditions for N-body simulations. We compare these summary statistics against N-body results and an approximate, fast simulation method called COLA (COmoving Lagrangian Acceleration). Our model achieves percent level accuracy at nonlinear scales of k∼1Mpc−1h, representing a significant improvement over COLA.
Neural correlations between cognitive deficits and emotion regulation strategies: understanding emotion dysregulation in depression from the perspective of cognitive control and cognitive biases
Authors: Gao Wei , Yan XinYu , Yuan JiaJin
Published: November 2022

The link between cognitive function and emotion regulation may be helpful in better understanding the onset, maintenance, and treatment for depression. However, it remains unclear whether there are neural correlates between emotion dysregulation and cognitive deficits in depression. To address this question, we first review the neural representations of emotion dysregulation and cognitive deficits in depression (including deficits in cognitive control and cognitive biases). Based on the comparisons of neural representations of emotion dysregulation versus cognitive deficits, we propose an accessible and reasonable link between emotion dysregulation, cognitive control, and cognitive biases in depression. Specifically, cognitive control serves the whole process of emotion regulation, whereas cognitive biases are engaged in emotion regulation processes at different stages. Moreover, the abnormal implementation of different emotion regulation strategies in depression is consistently affected by cognitive control, which is involved in the dorsolateral, the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, and the anterior cingulate cortex. Besides, the relationship between different emotion regulation strategies and cognitive biases in depression may be distinct: the orbitofrontal cortex contributes to the association between ineffective reappraisal and negative interpretation bias, while the subgenual prefrontal cortex and the posterior cingulate cortex underline the tendency of depressed individuals to ruminate and overly engage in self-referential bias. This review sheds light on the relationship between cognitive deficits and emotion dysregulation in depression and identifies directions in need of future attention.
Rotating black holes in 3D Hořava gravity revisited
Authors: Park Mu-In
Published: November 2022

I revisit rotating black hole solutions in 3D Hořava gravity with z = 2 as a simpler set-up of the renormalizable quantum gravity à la Lifshitz [Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 11, 255 (1941)] and DeWitt [Phys. Rev. 160, 1113 (1967)]. The solutions have a curvature singularity at the origin for a non-vanishing rotation parameter ${\cal J}$, unlike the black holes in 3D Einstein gravity. For anti-de Sitter space, there are black hole event horizons as usual and the singularity is not naked, in agreement with cosmic censorship. On the other hand, for flat or de Sitter space, the earlier solution also has a cosmic-censorship problem because there are no conventional black hole horizons as in Einstein gravity, other than the usual cosmological horizon for the latter case, so that the singularity could be naked in Hořava gravity. However, with the help of recent corrections, I show that the solutions have a peculiar black hole horizon at the origin so that the singularity is not naked even without the conventional black hole horizons in the flat or de Sitter cases, due to Lorentz-violating higher-derivative terms. On the other hand, I also note that a new “cosmological” horizon exists even for the flat case, contrary to the usual wisdom, due to the combined effects of the higher derivatives and the angular-momentum barrier. I study a unified treatment of their unusual black hole thermodynamics for the flat and de Sitter spaces, as well as the anti-de Sitter space, which might be due to the lack of absolute horizons in Lorentz-violating gravity.
The Laryngeal Mask
Authors: Zaichkin Jeanette , McCarney Linda D. , Rhein Michelle
Published: November 2022

Background:

Since 2005, the Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP) has recommended the laryngeal mask (LM) as an alternative airway when positive-pressure ventilation (PPV) is unsuccessful and intubation is unsuccessful or unfeasible. There is a paucity of literature regarding LM use in high-resource countries; however, anecdotal information and recent studies suggest low implementation.

Purpose:

This article increases awareness of LM safety and efficacy, provides guidance for determining nursing scope of practice, and includes suggestions for developing a training program.

Methods:

Methods include considering NRP customers' questions, recent systematic reviews of the literature, how NRP recommendations are developed, how to determine nursing scope of practice, and how to develop a training program.

Findings/Results:

Recent studies support the NRP recommendation to use the LM as a rescue airway when PPV fails and intubation is not feasible. The LM provides more effective PPV than face-mask ventilation. The LM may be effective as the initial PPV device for infants of at least 34 weeks' gestation. To use the LM, nurses may require training, which may include a simulation-based curriculum.

Implications for Practice:

Nurses can increase their awareness of the advantages of LM use, determine their scope of practice, and develop a training program. When face-mask ventilation is unsuccessful and intubation is unfeasible, LM insertion will likely increase the newborn's heart rate and avoid intubation.

Implications for Research:

Future research should determine training requirements, efficacy of the LM as the initial PPV device in high-resource settings, and LM use during complex resuscitation and in preterm newborns.
Single Seminal Vesicle Metastasis From Dorsal Melanoma Detected by 18F-FDG PET/CT and Confirmed by Biopsy
Authors: Testart Dardel Nathalie , Isenborghs Elsa , Valerio Massimo , Michielin Olivier , Schaefer Niklaus
Published: November 2022

This case shows an unusual presentation of a melanoma metastasis, visualized by 18F-FDG digital PET/CT, with a single abnormal focal uptake in the right seminal vesicle. Histologic analysis confirmed a melanoma metastasis, subsequently treated by stereotactic radiation therapy. We illustrate an unusual and single-site millimetric melanoma metastasis detected by 18F-FDG PET/CT, highlighting the high performance of state-of-the-art digital PET/CT and the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in treatment and follow-up of melanoma patients. In this case, histological diagnosis was essential for correct diagnosis and adequate clinical management of the patient.
Gramella sediminis sp. nov., isolated from a tidal flat of the Yellow Sea
Authors: Niu Hui-Jing , Dong Kai-Shi , Guan Li , Sun Li-Ping , Wang Qin , Zhang Yan-Jiao , Li Yi , Xia Cheng-Qiang , Pei Cai-Xia
Published: November 2022

A novel species of the genusGramella, designated ASW11-100T, was isolated from a tidal flat sediment in the Yellow Sea, PR China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and single-copy orthologous clusters revealed that strain ASW11-100Tbelonged to the genusGramella, and exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.9, 98.8 and 98.7 % toGramella sabulilitorisHSMS-1T,Gramella sediminilitorisGHTF-27TandGramella forsetiiKT0803T, respectively. The genome of strain ASW11-100Tharbours 2950 protein-coding genes and 105 carbohydrate-active enzymes including 38 glycoside hydrolases. Seventeen of the glycoside hydrolases are organized in five distinct polysaccharide utilization loci, which are predicted to involve in the degradation of starch, glucans, arabinoxylans, arabinomannan, arabinans and arabinogalactans. The genomic DNA G+C content was 37.3 mol%. The digital DNA–DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity values between strain ASW11-100Tand its closely related relatives were in ranges of 19.8–23.9% and 76.6–80.9 %, respectively. Cells of the isolate were Gram-negative, aerobic, non-flagellated and short rod-shaped. Carotenoid pigments were produced, but flexirubin-type pigments were absent. The major fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 03-OH and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω6cand/or C16 : 1 ω7c). The sole respiratory quinone was menaquinone-6 and the major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. Based on the above polyphasic evidence, strain ASW11-100Tshould be considered to represent a novelGramellaspecies, for which the nameGramella sediminissp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ASW11-100T(=KCTC 82502T=MCCC 1K05580T).
Nutritional compositions in young leaves and stem from quinoa
(Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) grown in Korea
Authors: Nam Jin-Sik , Jang Hye-Lim
Published: November 2022

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) leaves and stem grown in
Korea were analyzed to determine their nutritional compositions. Quinoa leaves
exhibited significantly higher levels of crude protein, crude lipid, crude ash,
carbohydrate, and dietary fiber than those of the quinoa stem. Fructose and
glucose were only detected in stem, and they contents were 44.25 mg% and 107.62
mg%, respectively. Acetic acid was the most plentiful organic acid in leaves and
stem of quinoa, with their higher levels determined in leaves (428.40 mg%). The
major minerals of quinoa were potassium and calcium, especially potassium was
verified as having the highest level in leaves (750.65 mg%) and stem (869.15
mg%) of quinoa. In addition, linolenic acid (C18:3, n-3) contained as highest
level was detected only in leaves (176.09 mg%) but no identified in stem. It was
found that quinoa leaves contained many kinds of vitamin such as vitamin
B1 (293.35 μg/100 g), B2
(256.54 μg/100 g), C (2.02 mg/100 g), and E (2.25 mg/100
g). These findings suggest that quinoa leaves and stem are an excellent source
for developing of salads and various processed products, further this study
presents the application prospect of quinoa to various food industry fields.
Identification of novelPlasmodium vivaxproteins associated with protection against clinical malaria
Authors: Mazhari Ramin , Takashima Eizo , Longley Rhea J , Ruybal-Pesantez Shazia , White Michael T , Kanoi Bernard N , Nagaoka Hikaru , Kiniboro Benson , Siba Peter , Tsuboi Takafumi , Mueller Ivo
Published: November 2022

As progress towards malaria elimination continues, the challenge posed by the parasite speciesPlasmodium vivaxhas become more evident. In many regions co-endemic forP. vivaxandPlasmodium falciparum, as transmission has declined the proportion of cases due toP. vivaxhas increased. Novel tools that directly targetP. vivaxare thus warranted for accelerated elimination. There is currently no advanced vaccine forP. vivaxand only a limited number of potential candidates in the pipeline. In this study we aimed to identify promisingP. vivaxproteins that could be used as part of a subunit vaccination approach. We screened 342P. vivaxprotein constructs for their ability to induce IgG antibody responses associated with protection from clinical disease in a cohort of children from Papua New Guinea. This approach has previously been used to successfully identify novel candidates. We were able to confirm previous results from our laboratory identifying the proteins reticulocyte binding protein 2b and StAR-related lipid transfer protein, as well as at least four novel candidates with similar levels of predicted protective efficacy. Assessment of theseP. vivaxproteins in further studies to confirm their potential and identify functional mechanisms of protection against clinical disease are warranted.
Planar polarized force propagation integrates cell behavior with tissue shaping during convergent extension
Authors: Weng Shinuo , Wallingford John B.
Published: November 2022

Convergent extension (CE) is an evolutionarily conserved developmental process that elongates tissues and organs via collective cell movements known as cell intercalation. Here, we sought to understand the mechanisms connecting cell behaviors and tissue shaping. We focus on an often-overlooked aspect of cell intercalation, the resolution of 4-cell rosettes. Our data reveal that polarized cellular forces are involved in a timely rosette resolution, which in turn, enables propagation of such cellular forces, facilitating the propagation of tissue-scale CE. Conversely, delayed rosette resolution leads to a subtle but significant change of tissue-wide cell packing and exerts a profound impact by blocking force propagation, resulting in CE propagation defects. Our findings propose a collaborative nature of local cell intercalations in propagating tissue-wide CE. It unveils a multiscale biomechanical synergy underpinning the cellular mechanisms that orchestrate tissue morphogenesis during CE.

Highlights

4-cell rosette is resolved by a two-step process: t-junction extension, then rotation.

Delayed t-junction rotation significantly impacts the tissue-wide cell packing configuration.

Timely resolved 4-cell rosettes enable polarized force coupling and propagation bothin silicoandin vivo.

Polarized force propagation is involved in the propagation of tissue shaping.
Galectin approach to lower covid transmission - Drug Development for clinical use
Authors: Sigamani Alben , Mayo Kevin H , Chen-Walden Hana , Reddy Surender , Platt David
Published: November 2022

Background

SARS-CoV-2 vaccines play an important role in reducing disease severity, hospitalization, and death, although they failed to prevent the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 variants. Therefore, an effective inhibitor of galectin-3 (Gal-3) could be used to treat and prevent transmission of COVID-19. ProLectin-M (PL-M), a Gal-3 antagonist, has been shown to interact with Gal-3 and thus prevent cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2 in previous studies.

Aim

The present study aimed to further evaluate the therapeutic effect of PL-M tablets in 34 subjects with COVID-19 disease, in addition to determining the mechanism of PL-M in preventing SARS-CoV-2 cell entry by NMR studies.

Methods

The efficacy of PL-M was evaluated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study in patients with mild to moderately severe COVID-19. Primary endpoints included changes in absolute RT-PCR Ct values of the nucleocapsid and open reading frame (ORF) genes from baseline to days 3 and 7. The incidence of adverse events, changes in blood biochemistry, inflammatory biomarkers, and levels of antibodies against COVID-19 were also evaluated as part of the safety evaluation.In vitro1H-15N HSQC NMR spectroscopy studies were also performed to determine the interactions of PL-M with Gal-3 and the S1 spike protein of SARS-CoV-2.

Results

PL-M treatment significantly (p = 0.001) increased RT-PCR cycle counts for N and ORF genes on days 3 (Ct values 32.09 and 30.69 ± 3.38, respectively) and 7 (Ct values 34.91 ± 0.39 and 34.85 ± 0.61, respectively) compared to placebo. On day 3, 14 subjects in the PL-M group had cycle counts for the N gene above the cut-off of 29 (target cycle count 29), while on day 7 all subjects had cycle counts above the cut-off. Ct values in placebo subjects were consistently less than 29, and no placebo subjects were RT-PCR negative, until day 7.1H-15N HSQC NMR spectroscopy revealed that PL-M specifically binds Gal-3 in the same way as the structurally similar NTD of the SARS-CoV-2 S1 subunit.

Conclusion

PL-M is safe and effective for clinical use in reducing viral load and promoting rapid viral clearance in COVID-19 patients by inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells through inhibition of Gal-3.
Nuclear poly-glutamine aggregates rupture the nuclear envelope and hinder its repair
Authors: Korsten Giel , Pelle Robin , Hoogenberg Baukje , Kampinga Harm H. , Kapitein Lukas C.
Published: November 2022

Huntington’s disease (HD) is caused by a poly-glutamine expansion of the huntingtin protein, resulting in the formation of poly-glutamine aggregates. The mechanisms of toxicity that result in the complex HD pathology remain only partially understood. Here we show that nuclear polyglutamine aggregates deform the nuclear envelope (NE) and induce NE ruptures that are often repaired incompletely. These ruptures coincide with deformations of the nuclear lamina and lead to lamina scar formation. Expansion microscopy enabled resolving the ultrastructure of nuclear aggregates and revealed polyglutamine fibrils sticking into the cytosol at rupture sites, suggesting a mechanism for incomplete repair. These findings implicate nuclear polyQ aggregate-induced loss of NE integrity as a potential contributing factor to Huntington’s disease and other polyglutamine diseases.

One-sentence summary

Aggregates associated with Huntington’s Disease induce ruptures of the nuclear envelop that compromise its barrier function
The effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on working memory and attention: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial
Authors: Altınok Ahmet , Karabay Aytaç , de Jong Joost , Balta Gülşen , Akyürek Elkan G.
Published: November 2022

Background

γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a primary inhibitory neurotransmitter that plays a significant role in the central nervous system. Studies on both animals and humans show it has the pharmacological potential for reducing the impact of cognitive disorders, as well as enhancing cognitive functions and mood. However, its specific effects on human attention and working memory have not yet been extensively studied.

Aims

In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, and crossover trial, we aimed to test whether the administration of 800 mg GABA, dissolved in a drink, acutely affected visual working memory maintenance, as well as temporal and spatial attention in healthy adults.

Methods

The participants were 32 young adults (16 females and 16 males). Working memory recall precision, spatial attention and temporal attention were measured by a delayed match-to-sample task, a visual search task, and a speeded rapid serial visual presentation task, respectively. Participants completed two experimental sessions (GABA and Placebo) in randomized and counterbalanced order. In each session, forty-five minutes after administration of the drink, they completed the all three of the aforementioned cognitive tasks.

Results

Linear mixed model analysis results showed that GABA increased visual search time, compared to the placebo, but did not affect visual search accuracy, temporal attention, nor visual working memory precision.

Conclusions

The results suggest that GABA increases visual search time but does not affect temporal attention and memory, and that previously reported effects on cognition might rely on other functions.
Interplay of the folded domain and disordered low-complexity domains along with RNA sequence mediate efficient binding of FUS with RNA
Authors: Balasubramanian Sangeetha , Maharana Shovamayee , Srivastava Anand
Published: November 2022

RNA binding ability of Fused in Sarcoma (FUS) protein is crucial to its cellular function. Our molecular simulation study on FUS-RNA complex provides atomic resolution insights into the observations from biochemical studies and also illuminate our understanding of molecular driving forces that mediate the structure, stability, and interaction of RRM and RGG domains of FUS with a stem-loop junction RNA. We observe a clear cooperativity and division of labour among the ordered (RRM) and disordered domains (RGG1 and RGG2 domain) of FUS that leads to an organized and tighter RNA binding. Irrespective of the length of RGG2, the RGG2-RNA interaction is confined to the stem-loop junction and the proximal stem regions. On the other hand, the RGG1-RNA interactions are primarily with the longer RNA stem. We find that the C-terminus of RRM, which make up the “boundary residues” that connect the folded RRM with the long disordered RGG2 stretch of the protein, plays a critical role in RNA binding with the RRM domain. Our study provides high-resolution molecular insights into the FUS-RNA interactions and forms the basis for understanding the molecular origins of full-length FUS interaction with RNA.