bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Progressive Changes in CXCR4 Expression That Define Thymocyte Positive Selection Are Dispensable For Both Innate and Conventional αβT-cell Development
Authors: Lucas Beth , White Andrea J. , Parnell Sonia M. , Henley Peter M. , Jenkinson William E. , Anderson Graham
Published: July 2017

The ordered migration of immature thymocytes through thymic microenvironments generates both adaptive MHC restricted αβT-cells and innate CD1d-restricted iNKT-cells. While several chemokine receptors and ligands control multiple stages of this process, their involvement during early thymocyte development often precludes direct analysis of potential roles during later developmental stages. For example, because of early lethality of CXCR4−/−mice, and stage-specific requirements for CXCR4 in thymus colonisation and pre-TCR mediated selection, its role in thymic positive selection is unclear. Here we have examined CXCR4-CXCL12 interactions during the maturation of CD4+CD8+thymocytes, including downstream stages of iNKT and αβT-cell development. We show CXCL12 expression is a common feature of cortical thymic epithelial cells, indicating widespread availability throughout the cortex. Moreover, CXCR4 expression by CD4+CD8+pre-selection thymocytes is progressively downregulated following both MHC and CD1d-restricted thymic selection events. However, using CD4Cre-mediated deletion to bypass its involvement in CD4−CD8−thymocyte development, we show CXCR4 is dispensable for the maintenance and intrathymic positioning of CD4+CD8+thymocytes, and their ability to generate mature αβT-cells and CD1d-restricted iNKT-cells. Collectively, our data define dynamic changes in CXCR4 expression as a marker for intrathymic selection events, and show its role in T-cell development is restricted to pre-CD4+CD8+stages.
Tropic origins, a dispersal model for saprotrophic mushrooms in Agaricus section Minores with descriptions of sixteen new species
Authors: He Mao-Qiang , Chen Jie , Zhou Jun-Liang , Ratchadawan Cheewangkoon , Hyde Kevin D. , Zhao Rui-Lin
Published: July 2017

Agaricus section Minores contains the richest species diversity within the genus. Its Phylogeny is firstly presented by a Maximum Likelihood tree generated through DNA sequences from four gene regions of 91 species. Furthermore, a molecular dating analysis is conducted used those sequences, and it provided the divergence times of the clades within section Minores. Study showed section Minores has a tropical origin. Four main dispersal routes are proposed: (1) species from South Asia migrated through the Tibetan Plateau and reached Europe ca. 9–13 Ma; (2) species from out of South Asia dispersed to Europe in the earlier time of ca. 22 Ma; (3) species from South Asia dispersed through North Asia to Alaska, and reached West America around ca. 9 Ma; and (4) species from South Asia dispersed south and reached Oceania by at least three invading events about ca. 9, 12 and 16–18 Ma respectively. Those routes excepting the second route coincide with those of ectomycorrhizal mushrooms. To know whether the second route existed in the saprotrophic mushrooms requires further studies, and the fourth route may explain why the secotioid species occurring in Australia are morphologically similar but cluster in different phylogenetic clades. This study also demonstrates a great biodiversity of A. section Minores in China. Sixteen new species and three new records are introduced from China with morphological descriptions, illustrations, color photographs and phylogenetic analyses.
Divergent evolution of Di-lysine ER retention vs. farnesylation motif-mediated anchoring of the AnkB virulence effector to the Legionella-containing vacuolar membrane
Authors: Perpich John D. , Kalia Awdhesh , Price Christopher T. D. , Jones Snake C. , Wong Kathy , Gehring Kalle , Kwaik Yousef Abu
Published: July 2017

Within macrophages and amoeba, the Legionella-containing vacuole (LCV) membrane is derived from the ER. The bona fide F-box AnkB effector protein of L. pneumophila strain AA100/130b is anchored to the cytosolic side of the LCV membrane through host-mediated farnesylation of its C-terminal eukaryotic “CaaX” motif. Here we show that the AnkB homologue of the Paris strain has a frame shift mutation that led to a loss of the CaaX motif and a concurrent generation of a unique C-terminal KNKYAP motif, which resembles the eukaryotic di-lysine ER-retention motif (KxKxx). Our phylogenetic analyses indicate that environmental isolates of L. pneumophila have a potential positive selection for the ER-retention KNKYAP motif. The AnkB-Paris effector is localized to the LCV membrane most likely through the ER-retention motif. Its ectopic expression in HEK293T cells localizes it to the perinuclear ER region and it trans-rescues the ankB mutant of strain AA100/130b in intra-vacuolar replication. The di-lysine ER retention motif of AnkB-Paris is indispensable for function; most likely as an ER retention motif that enables anchoring to the ER-derived LCV membrane. Our findings show divergent evolution of the ankB allele in exploiting either host farnesylation or the ER retention motif to be anchored into the LCV membrane.
The evolutionary advantage of heritable phenotypic heterogeneity
Authors: Carja Oana , Plotkin Joshua B.
Published: July 2017

Phenotypic plasticity is an evolutionary driving force in diverse biological processes, including the adaptive immune system, the development of neoplasms, and the persistence of pathogens despite drug pressure. It is essential, therefore, to understand the evolutionary advantage of an allele that confers on cells the ability to express a range of phenotypes. Here, we study the fate of a new mutation that allows the expression of multiple phenotypic states, introduced into a finite population of individuals that can express only a single phenotype. We show that the advantage of such a mutation depends on the degree of phenotypic heritability between generations, called phenotypic memory. We analyze the fixation probability of the phenotypically plastic allele as a function of phenotypic memory, the variance of expressible phenotypes, the rate of environmental changes, and the population size. We find that the fate of a phenotypically plastic allele depends fundamentally on the environmental regime. In constant environments, plastic alleles are advantageous and their fixation probability increases with the degree of phenotypic memory. In periodically fluctuating environments, by contrast, there is an optimum phenotypic memory that maximizes the probability of the plastic allele’s fixation. This same optimum memory also maximizes geometric mean fitness, in steady state. We interpret these results in the context of previous studies in an infinite-population framework. We also discuss the implications of our results for the design of therapies that can overcome persistence and, indirectly, drug resistance.
Controls on eDNA movement in streams: Transport, Retention, and Resuspension
Authors: Shogren Arial J. , Tank Jennifer L. , Andruszkiewicz Elizabeth , Olds Brett , Mahon Andrew R. , Jerde Christopher L. , Bolster Diogo
Published: July 2017

Advances in detection of genetic material from species in aquatic ecosystems, including environmental DNA (eDNA), have improved species monitoring and management. eDNA from target species can readily move in streams and rivers and the goal is to measure it, and with that infer where and how abundant species are, adding great value to delimiting species invasions, monitoring and protecting rare species, and estimating biodiversity. To date, we lack an integrated framework that identifies environmental factors that control eDNA movement in realistic, complex, and heterogeneous flowing waters. To this end, using an empirical approach and a simple conceptual model, we propose a framework of how eDNA is transported, retained, and resuspended in stream systems. Such an understanding of eDNA dispersal in streams will be essential for designing optimized sampling protocols and subsequently estimating biomass or organismal abundance. We also discuss guiding principles for more effective use of eDNA methods, highlighting the necessity of understanding these parameters for use in future predictive modeling of eDNA transport.
A combined case-control and molecular source attribution study of human Campylobacter infections in Germany, 2011–2014
Authors: Rosner Bettina M. , Schielke Anika , Didelot Xavier , Kops Friederike , Breidenbach Janina , Willrich Niklas , Gölz Greta , Alter Thomas , Stingl Kerstin , Josenhans Christine , Suerbaum Sebastian , Stark Klaus
Published: July 2017

Campylobacter infection is the most commonly notified bacterial enteritis in Germany. We performed a large combined case-control and source attribution study (Nov 2011-Feb 2014) to identify risk factors for sporadic intestinal Campylobacter infections and to determine the relative importance of various animal sources for human infections in Germany. We conducted multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify risk factors. Source attribution analysis was performed using the asymmetric island model based on MLST data of human and animal/food isolates. As animal sources we considered chicken, pig, pet dog or cat, cattle, and poultry other than chicken. Consumption of chicken meat and eating out were the most important risk factors for Campylobacter infections. Additional risk factors were preparation of poultry meat in the household; preparation of uncooked food and raw meat at the same time; contact with poultry animals; and the use of gastric acid inhibitors. The mean probability of human C. jejuni isolates to originate from chickens was highest (74%), whereas pigs were a negligible source for C. jejuni infections. Human C. coli isolates were likely to originate from chickens (56%) or from pigs (32%). Efforts need to be intensified along the food chain to reduce Campylobacter load, especially on chicken meat.
Differential adiponectin signalling couples ER stress with lipid metabolism to modulate ageing in C. elegans
Authors: Kyriakakis Emmanouil , Charmpilas Nikolaos , Tavernarakis Nektarios
Published: July 2017

The metabolic and endocrine functions of adipose tissue and the ability of organisms to cope with cellular stress have a direct impact on physiological ageing and the aetiology of various diseases such as obesity-related pathologies and cancer. The endocrine effects of adipose tissue are mediated by secreted adipokines, which modulate metabolic processes and influence related maladies. Although a plethora of molecules and signaling pathways associate ageing with proteotoxic stress and cellular metabolism, our understanding of how these pathways interconnect to coordinate organismal physiology remains limited. We dissected the mechanisms linking adiponectin signalling pathways and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteotoxic stress responses that individually or synergistically affect longevity in C. elegans. Animals deficient for the adiponectin receptor PAQR-1 respond to ER stress, by rapidly activating the canonical ER unfolded protein response (UPRER) pathway, which is primed in these animals under physiological conditions by specific stress defence transcription factors. PAQR-1 loss enhances survival and promotes longevity under ER stress and reduced insulin/IGF-1 signalling. PAQR-1 engages UPRER, autophagy and lipase activity to modulate lipid metabolism during ageing. Our findings demonstrate that moderating adiponectin receptor -1 activity extends lifespan under stress, and directly implicate adiponectin signalling as a coupler between proteostasis and lipid metabolism during ageing.
Quality Measurement of Two-dimensional Shear Wave Speed Imaging for Breast Lesions: the Associated Factors and the Impact to Diagnostic Performance
Authors: Li Dan-Dan , Xu Hui-Xiong , Liu Bo-Ji , Bo Xiao-Wan , Li Xiao-Long , Wu Rong
Published: July 2017

This study aimed to identify the associated factors for quality measurement (QM) of shear wave speed (SWS) imaging and to validate the additional value of QM in the diagnosis of breast lesions. From September 2014 to February 2015, conventional ultrasound and SWS imaging were performed in 338 women with 361 breast lesions. Binary logistic regression was used to identify associated factors for QM. Sensitivity, specificity and the area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) among maximum SWS (SWS
max
), QM and SWS
max
plus QM (SWS
max
+QM) were compared to validate additional value of QM. Pathology confirmed 263 (72.9%) benign lesions and 98 (27.1%) malignancies. Maximum depth (Odds ratio [OR]: 1.398) and posterior features (OR: 1.206) were identified as independent associated factors for QM. Compared with SWS
max
and QM, the sensitivity of SWS
max
+QM increased from 67.3%, 64.3% to 83.7% whereas the specificity decreased from 90.5%, 72.6% to 65.4% (all P < 0.05). SWS
max
had the highest AUC in comparison with QM and SWS
max
+QM (0.849 vs. 0.685 vs. 0.745; P < 0.05). QM for breast lesions is associated with maximum depth and posterior features. Adding QM to SWS
max
is useful for breast cancer screening and SWS
max
alone is useful for breast cancer differentiation.
Transcriptome and metabolite analyses in Azadirachta indica: identification of genes involved in biosynthesis of bioactive triterpenoids
Authors: Bhambhani Sweta , Lakhwani Deepika , Gupta Parul , Pandey Ashutosh , Dhar Yogeshwar Vikram , Kumar Bag Sumit , Asif Mehar Hasan , Kumar Trivedi Prabodh
Published: July 2017

Azadirachta indica A. Juss, commonly known as Neem, is the reservoir of triterpenoids of economic importance. Metabolite analysis of different developmental stages of leaf and fruit suggests tissue-specific accumulation of the major triterpenoids in this important tree. Though biosynthesis of these complex molecules requires substrate flux from the isoprenoid pathway, enzymes involved in late biosynthetic steps remain uncharacterized. We established and analyzed transcriptome datasets from leaf and fruit and identified members of gene families involved in intermediate steps of terpenoid backbone biosynthesis and those related to secondary transformation leading to the tissue-specific triterpenoid biosynthesis. Expression analysis suggests differential expression of number of genes between leaf and fruit and probable participation in the biosynthesis of fruit-specific triterpenoids. Genome-wide analysis also identified members of gene families putatively involved in secondary modifications in late biosynthetic steps leading to the synthesis of highly oxygenated triterpenoids. Expression and molecular docking analyses suggest involvement of specific members of CYP450 family in secondary modifications for the biosynthesis of bioactive triterpenoids. This study generated rich genomic resource and identified genes involved in biosynthesis of important molecules, which will aid in the advancement of tools for functional genomics and elucidation of the biosynthesis of triterpenoid from this important tree.
Exo70 is an independent prognostic factor in colon cancer
Authors: Xiao Li , Zheng Kaifeng , Lv Xia , Hou Jihuan , Xu Liang , Zhao Yujie , Song Fei , Fan Yaqiong , Cao Hanwei , Zhang Wenqing , Hong Xiaoting , Zhan Yan-yan , Hu Tianhui
Published: July 2017

Exo70, a key component of the Exocyst complex, plays important roles in human cancer progression beyond exocytosis. However, the expression of Exo70 and its prognostic value for patients with colon cancer has not been well investigated to date. In this study, we observed that the mRNA and protein levels of Exo70 were upregulated in 11 of 13 colon cancer tissues, compared with their normal counterparts, which was validated by immunohistochemical analysis in a tissue microarray containing 89 pairs of colon cancer tissues and the matched adjacent normal tissues. Statistical analysis revealed that Exo70 expression is positively correlated with tumor size, invasion depth, TNM stage and distant metastasis. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that colon cancer patients with higher Exo70 expression have a poorer clinical outcome than those with lower Exo70 expression. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that Exo70, age and distant metastasis were there independent prognostic factors for overall survival rate of colon cancer patients. Through gain- and loss of Exo70 in colon cancer cells, we found that Exo70 could enhance the migration ability of colon cancer cells. Taken together, our studies revealed that Exo70 might be a promising negative prognostic factor and a potential therapeutic target for colon cancer.
Morphology, composition, and mixing state of primary particles from combustion sources — crop residue, wood, and solid waste
Authors: Liu Lei , Kong Shaofei , Zhang Yinxiao , Wang Yuanyuan , Xu Liang , Yan Qin , Lingaswamy A. P. , Shi Zongbo , Lv Senlin , Niu Hongya , Shao Longyi , Hu Min , Zhang Daizhou , Chen Jianmin , Zhang Xiaoye , Li Weijun
Published: July 2017

Morphology, composition, and mixing state of individual particles emitted from crop residue, wood, and solid waste combustion in a residential stove were analyzed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Our study showed that particles from crop residue and apple wood combustion were mainly organic matter (OM) in smoldering phase, whereas soot-OM internally mixed with K in flaming phase. Wild grass combustion in flaming phase released some Cl-rich-OM/soot particles and cardboard combustion released OM and S-rich particles. Interestingly, particles from hardwood (pear wood and bamboo) and softwood (cypress and pine wood) combustion were mainly soot and OM in the flaming phase, respectively. The combustion of foam boxes, rubber tires, and plastic bottles/bags in the flaming phase released large amounts of soot internally mixed with a small amount of OM, whereas the combustion of printed circuit boards and copper-core cables emitted large amounts of OM with Br-rich inclusions. In addition, the printed circuit board combustion released toxic metals containing Pb, Zn, Sn, and Sb. The results are important to document properties of primary particles from combustion sources, which can be used to trace the sources of ambient particles and to know their potential impacts in human health and radiative forcing in the air.
Metabolomic similarities between bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and plasma in humans and mice
Authors: Cruickshank-Quinn Charmion , Powell Roger , Jacobson Sean , Kechris Katerina , Bowler Russell P. , Petrache Irina , Reisdorph Nichole
Published: July 2017

This observational study catalogues the overlap in metabolites between matched bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and plasma, identifies the degree of congruence between these metabolomes in human and mouse, and determines how molecules may change in response to cigarette smoke (CS) exposure. Matched BALF and plasma was collected from mice (ambient air or CS-exposed) and humans (current or former smokers), and analyzed using mass spectrometry. There were 1155 compounds in common in all 4 sample types; fatty acyls and glycerophospholipids strongly overlapped between groups. In humans and mice, more than half of the metabolites present in BALF were also present in plasma. Mouse BALF and human BALF had a strong positive correlation with 2040 metabolites in common, suggesting that mouse models can be used to interrogate human lung metabolome changes. While power was affected by small sample size in the mouse study, the BALF metabolome appeared to be more affected by CS than plasma. CS-exposed mice showed increased plasma and BALF glycerolipids and glycerophospholipids. This is the first report cataloguing the metabolites present across mouse and human, BALF and plasma. Findings are relevant to translational studies where mouse models are used to examine human disease, and where plasma may be interrogated in lieu of BALF or lung tissue.
Standardized Nanomechanical Atomic Force Microscopy Procedure (SNAP) for Measuring Soft and Biological Samples
Authors: Schillers Hermann , Rianna Carmela , Schäpe Jens , Luque Tomas , Doschke Holger , Wälte Mike , Uriarte Juan José , Campillo Noelia , Michanetzis Georgios P. A. , Bobrowska Justyna , Dumitru Andra , Herruzo Elena T. , Bovio Simone , Parot Pierre , Galluzzi Massimiliano , Podestà Alessandro , Puricelli Luca , Scheuring Simon , Missirlis Yannis , Garcia Ricardo , Odorico Michael , Teulon Jean-Marie , Lafont Frank , Lekka Malgorzata , Rico Felix , Rigato Annafrancesca , Pellequer Jean-Luc , Oberleithner Hans , Navajas Daniel , Radmacher Manfred
Published: July 2017

We present a procedure that allows a reliable determination of the elastic (Young’s) modulus of soft samples, including living cells, by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The standardized nanomechanical AFM procedure (SNAP) ensures the precise adjustment of the AFM optical lever system, a prerequisite for all kinds of force spectroscopy methods, to obtain reliable values independent of the instrument, laboratory and operator. Measurements of soft hydrogel samples with a well-defined elastic modulus using different AFMs revealed that the uncertainties in the determination of the deflection sensitivity and subsequently cantilever’s spring constant were the main sources of error. SNAP eliminates those errors by calculating the correct deflection sensitivity based on spring constants determined with a vibrometer. The procedure was validated within a large network of European laboratories by measuring the elastic properties of gels and living cells, showing that its application reduces the variability in elastic moduli of hydrogels down to 1%, and increased the consistency of living cells elasticity measurements by a factor of two. The high reproducibility of elasticity measurements provided by SNAP could improve significantly the applicability of cell mechanics as a quantitative marker to discriminate between cell types and conditions.
Evaluation of Osteogenesis and Angiogenesis of Icariin in Local Controlled Release and Systemic Delivery for Calvarial Defect in Ovariectomized Rats
Authors: Wu Yuqiong , Cao LingYan , Xia Lunguo , Wu Qianju , Wang Jie , Wang Xiao , Xu Lianyi , Zhou Yuning , Xu Yuanjin , Jiang Xinquan
Published: July 2017

Typically, bone regenerative medicine is applied to repair bone defects in patients with osteoporosis. Meanwhile, there is an urgent need to develop safe and cheap drugs that induce bone formation. Icariin, which is reported to promote the osteogenesis of stem cellsin vitro, is the main active component ofHerba Epimedii. However, whether icariin could repair bone defects caused by osteoporosis remains unknown. In this study, an osteoporosis model in rats was established by an ovariectomy first, and then, the osteogenic and angiogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) treated with icariin was evaluated. Furthermore, calcium phosphate cement (CPC) scaffolds loaded with icariin were constructed and then implanted into nude mice to determine the optimal construction. To evaluate its osteogenic and angiogenic abilityin vivo, this construction was applied to calvarial defect of the ovariectomized (OVX) rats accompanied with an icariin gavage. This demonstrated that icariin could up-regulate the expression of osteogenic and angiogenic genes in BMSCs. Meanwhile, osteoclast formation was inhibited. Moreover, CPC could act as a suitable icariin delivery system for repairing bone defects by enhancing osteogenesis and angiogenesis, while the systemic administration of icariin has an antiosteoporotic effect that promotes bone defect repair.
Association between duration of breastfeeding and malocclusions in primary and mixed dentition: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Boronat-Catalá Montserrat , Montiel-Company José María , Bellot-Arcís Carlos , Almerich-Silla José Manuel , Catalá-Pizarro Montserrat
Published: July 2017

The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the current evidence on the possible effects of breastfeeding on different malocclusion traits in primary and mixed dentition. A systematic search was made in three databases, using terms related to breastfeeding and malocclusion in primary and mixed dentition. Of the 31 articles that met the inclusion criteria and were included in the qualitative analysis, nine were included in the quantitative analysis. The quality of the 31 observational studies was moderate to high on the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. It was found that the odds ratio for the risk of posterior crossbite was 3.76 (95% CI 2.01–7.03) on comparing children who had not been breastfed, with those breastfed for over six months, and rose to 8.78 (95% CI 1.67–46.1) when those not breastfed were compared to those breastfed for over twelve months. The odds ratio for class II malocclusion in children breastfed for up to six months compared to those breastfed for over six months was 1.25 (95% CI 1.01–1.55). Lastly, children who were breastfed for up to six months had an odds ratio of 1.73 (95% CI 1.35–2.22) for non-spaced dentition compared to those who were breastfed for over six months.
The Gene Variants of Maternal/Fetal Renin-Angiotensin System in Preeclampsia: A Hybrid Case-Parent/Mother-Control Study
Authors: Zhang Heng , Li Ying-Xue , Peng Wei-Jun , Li Zhi-Wei , Zhang Chun-Hua , Di Hai-Hong , Shen Xian-Ping , Zhu Jun-Feng , Yan Wei-Rong
Published: July 2017

Preeclampsia (PE) is a common pregnancy-related complication, and polymorphisms in angiotensinogen (AGT), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) are believed to contribute to PE development. We implemented a hybrid study to investigate the influence of maternal and fetal ACE I/D, ACE G2350A, AGT M235T, AGT T174M, and AT1R A1166C polymorphisms on PE in Han Chinese women. Polymorphisms were genotyped in 1,488 subjects (256 patients experiencing PE, along with their fetuses and partners, and 360 normotensive controls with their fetuses). Transmission disequilibrium tests revealed that ACE I/D (P = 0.041), ACE G2350A (P = 0.035), and AT1R A1166C (P = 0.018) were associated with maternal PE. The log-linear analyses revealed that mothers whose offspring carried the MM genotype of AGT M235T had a higher risk of PE (OR = 1.54, P = 0.010), whereas mothers whose offspring carried the II genotype of ACE I/D or the GG genotype of ACE G2350A had a reduced risk (OR = 0.58, P = 0.039; OR = 0.47, P = 0.045, respectively). Our findings demonstrate that fetal ACE I/D, ACE G2350A, AGT M235T, and AT1R A1166C polymorphisms may play significant roles in PE development among pregnant Han Chinese women.
Cognitive performance in healthy older adults relates to spontaneous switching between states of functional connectivity during rest
Authors: Cabral Joana , Vidaurre Diego , Marques Paulo , Magalhães Ricardo , Silva Moreira Pedro , Miguel Soares José , Deco Gustavo , Sousa Nuno , Kringelbach Morten L.
Published: July 2017

Growing evidence has shown that brain activity at rest slowly wanders through a repertoire of different states, where whole-brain functional connectivity (FC) temporarily settles into distinct FC patterns. Nevertheless, the functional role of resting-state activity remains unclear. Here, we investigate how the switching behavior of resting-state FC relates with cognitive performance in healthy older adults. We analyse resting-state fMRI data from 98 healthy adults previously categorized as being among the best or among the worst performers in a cohort study of >1000 subjects aged 50+ who underwent neuropsychological assessment. We use a novel approach focusing on the dominant FC pattern captured by the leading eigenvector of dynamic FC matrices. Recurrent FC patterns – or states – are detected and characterized in terms of lifetime, probability of occurrence and switching profiles. We find that poorer cognitive performance is associated with weaker FC temporal similarity together with altered switching between FC states. These results provide new evidence linking the switching dynamics of FC during rest with cognitive performance in later life, reinforcing the functional role of resting-state activity for effective cognitive processing.
Megapixel multi-elemental imaging by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, a technology with considerable potential for paleoclimate studies
Authors: Cáceres J. O. , Pelascini F. , Motto-Ros V. , Moncayo S. , Trichard F. , Panczer G. , Marín-Roldán A. , Cruz J. A. , Coronado I. , Martín-Chivelet J.
Published: July 2017

Paleoclimate studies play a crucial role in understanding past and future climates and their environmental impacts. Current methodologies for performing highly sensitive elemental analysis at micrometre spatial resolutions are restricted to the use of complex and/or not easily applied techniques, such as synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence micro-analysis (μ-SRXRF), nano secondary ion mass spectrometry (nano-SIMS) or laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Moreover, the analysis of large samples (>few cm²) with any of these methods remains very challenging due to their relatively low acquisition speed (~1–10 Hz), and because they must be operated in vacuum or controlled atmosphere. In this work, we proposed an imaging methodology based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, to perform fast multi-elemental scanning of large geological samples with high performance in terms of sensitivity (ppm-level), lateral resolution (up to 10 μm) and operating speed (100 Hz). This method was successfully applied to obtain the first megapixel images of large geological samples and yielded new information, not accessible using other techniques. These results open a new perspective into the use of laser spectroscopy in a variety of geochemical applications.
Analytical theory and possible detection of the ac quantum spin Hall effect
Authors: Deng W. Y. , Ren Y. J. , Lin Z. X. , Shen R. , Sheng L. , Sheng D. N. , Xing D. Y.
Published: July 2017

We develop an analytical theory of the low-frequency ac quantum spin Hall (QSH) effect based upon the scattering matrix formalism. It is shown that the ac QSH effect can be interpreted as a bulk quantum pumping effect. When the electron spin is conserved, the integer-quantized ac spin Hall conductivity can be linked to the winding numbers of the reflection matrices in the electrodes, which also equal to the bulk spin Chern numbers of the QSH material. Furthermore, a possible experimental scheme by using ferromagnetic metals as electrodes is proposed to detect the topological ac spin current by electrical means.
Multimodal imaging quality control of epithelia regenerated with cultured human donor corneal limbal epithelial stem cells
Authors: Lombardo Marco , Serrao Sebastiano , Barbaro Vanessa , Di Iorio Enzo , Lombardo Giuseppe
Published: July 2017

Current imaging techniques for the characterization of differentiated corneal limbal stem cells are destructive and cannot be used in eye bank for monitoring the regenerated epithelium in culture. We presented a minimally invasive, multimodal, marker-free imaging method for the investigation of epithelia regenerated with cultured human donor corneal limbal epithelial stem cells. Two-photon fluorescence and harmonic generation signals were collected from specimens in culture and used for evaluating the structure and morphology of epithelia cultured on two different bio-scaffolds; in addition, donor human corneal tissues were used as controls. The method provided reliable information on the organization of cellular and extracellular components of biomaterial substrates and was highly sensitive to determine differences between the density packing arrangement of epithelial cells of different biomaterials without relying on inferences from exogenous labels. The present minimally invasive standardized quality control methodology can be reliably translated to eye banks and used for monitoring harvested corneal limbal stem cells growth and differentiation in bioengineered materials.
eIF2α signaling regulates ischemic osteonecrosis through endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Liu Daquan , Zhang Yunlong , Li Xinle , Li Jie , Yang Shuang , Xing Xiaoxue , Fan Guanwei , Yokota Hiroki , Zhang Ping
Published: July 2017

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) primarily results from ischemia/hypoxia to the femoral head, and one of the cellular manifestations is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. To understand possible linkage of ischemic osteonecrosis to the ER stress, a surgery-induced animal model was employed and salubrinal was administered to evaluate the role of ER stress. Salubrinal is a synthetic chemical that inhibits de-phosphorylation of eIF2α, and it can suppress cell death from the ER stress at a proper dose. The results indicated that the ER stress was associated with ONFH and salubrinal significantly improved ONFH-induced symptoms such as osteonecrosis, bone loss, reduction in vessel perfusion, and excessive osteoclastogenesis in the femoral head. Salubrinal also protected osteoblast development by upregulating the levels of ATF4, ALP and RUNX2, and it stimulated angiogenesis of endothelial cells through elevating ATF4 and VEGF. Collectively, the results support the notion that the ER stress is an important pathological outcome in the surgery-induced ONFH model, and salubrinal improves ONFH symptoms by enhancing angiogenesis and bone healing via suppressing the ER stress.
Advanced redox flow fuel cell using ferric chloride as main catalyst for complete conversion from carbohydrates to electricity
Authors: Xu Fan , Li Huan , Liu Yueling , Jing Qi
Published: July 2017

Liquid catalyzed fuel cell (LCFC) is a kind of redox flow fuel cell directly converting carbohydrates to electricity. To improve its efficiency, ferric chloride (FeCl3) was introduced as main catalyst. As mono catalyst, phosphomolybdic acid (PMo12) was much better than phosphotungstic acid (PW12) and FeCl3 was intermediate between them. Compared with PMo12 at the optimal dose of 0.30 mol/L, the combination of FeCl3 (1.00 mol/L) and PW12 (0.06 mol/L) achieved similar power output from glucose (2.59 mW/cm2) or starch (1.57 mW/cm2), and even improved the maximum power density by 57% from 0.46 to 0.72 mW/cm2 when using cellulose as the fuel. Long-term continuous operation of the LCFC indicated that carbohydrates can be hydrolyzed to glucose and then oxidized stepwise to carbon dioxide. At the latter stage, there was a linear relationship between the electron transfer number from glucose to catalyst and the subsequent cell performance. Based on these findings, the contribution of FeCl3 to LCFC should be derived from the accelerated hydrolysis and oxidation of carbohydrates and the enhanced electron transfer from glucose to anode. The addition of FeCl3 reduced the usage of polyoxometalates by 80%, and the replacement implied that LCFC can be operated less toxically and more economically.
Abrupt emergence of a large pockmark field in the German Bight, southeastern North Sea
Authors: Krämer Knut , Holler Peter , Herbst Gabriel , Bratek Alexander , Ahmerkamp Soeren , Neumann Andreas , Bartholomä Alexander , van Beusekom Justus E. E. , Holtappels Moritz , Winter Christian
Published: July 2017

A series of multibeam bathymetry surveys revealed the emergence of a large pockmark field in the southeastern North Sea. Covering an area of around 915 km2, up to 1,200 pockmarks per square kilometer have been identified. The time of emergence can be confined to 3 months in autumn 2015, suggesting a very dynamic genesis. The gas source and the trigger for the simultaneous outbreak remain speculative. Subseafloor structures and high methane concentrations of up to 30 μmol/l in sediment pore water samples suggest a source of shallow biogenic methane from the decomposition of postglacial deposits in a paleo river valley. Storm waves are suggested as the final trigger for the eruption of the gas. Due to the shallow water depths and energetic conditions at the presumed time of eruption, a large fraction of the released gas must have been emitted to the atmosphere. Conservative estimates amount to 5 kt of methane, equivalent to 67% of the annual release from the entire North Sea. These observations most probably describe a reoccurring phenomenon in shallow shelf seas, which may have been overlooked before because of the transient nature of shallow water bedforms and technology limitations of high resolution bathymetric mapping.
Tomatoes protect against development of UV-induced keratinocyte carcinoma via metabolomic alterations
Authors: Cooperstone Jessica L. , Tober Kathleen L. , Riedl Ken M. , Teegarden Matthew D. , Cichon Morgan J. , Francis David M. , Schwartz Steven J. , Oberyszyn Tatiana M.
Published: July 2017

Prolonged tomato consumption can mitigate ultraviolet (UV) light induced sunburn via unknown mechanisms. Dietary carotenoids distributed to skin are hypothesized to protect skin against UV-induced damage, although other phytochemicals may play a role. We hypothesize that tomato consumption would protect against skin cancer. SKH-1 hairless and immunocompetent mice (n = 180) were fed AIN-93G or AIN-93G + 10% tangerine or red tomato powder for 35 weeks. From weeks 11–20, mice (n = 120) were exposed to 2240 J/m2 UV-B light, 3x/week, and tumors were tracked weekly. Control mice were fed the same diets but not exposed to UV. Tumor number was significantly lower in male mice consuming red tomato diets (1.73 ± 0.50, P = 0.015) or pooled tomato diets (2.03 ± 0.45, P = 0.017) compared to controls (4.04 ± 0.65). Carotenoid levels in plasma and skin were quantitated, with total lycopene higher in skin of tangerine fed animals despite a lower dose. Metabolomic analyses elucidated compounds derived from tomato glycoalkaloids (including tomatidine and hydroxylated-tomatidine) as significantly different metabolites in skin after tomato exposure. Here, we describe that tomato consumption can modulate risk for keratinocyte carcinomas; however, the role of the newly identified specific phytochemicals possibly responsible for this action require further investigation.
Correction: Impedimetric measurement of DNA–DNA hybridisation using microelectrodes with different radii for detection of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Authors: Li Poh Quan , Piper Andrew , Schmueser Ilka , Mount Andrew R. , Corrigan Damion K.
Published: July 2017

Correction for ‘Impedimetric measurement of DNA–DNA hybridisation using microelectrodes with different radii for detection of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)’ by Poh Quan Li et al., Analyst, 2017, 142, 1946–1952.
A simple and sensitive electrochemical detection of furazolidone based on an Au nanoparticle functionalized graphene modified electrode
Authors: He Bao-Shan , Du Geng-An
Published: July 2017

A new sensor using a glassy carbon electrode modified with graphene and Au nanoparticles (Gr/Au/GCE) was designed to investigate the electrochemical behavior of furazolidone (FZD).
Recent advances in the ruthenium(ii)-catalyzed chelation-assisted C–H olefination of substituted aromatics, alkenes and heteroaromatics with alkenes via the deprotonation pathway
Authors: Manikandan Rajendran , Jeganmohan Masilamani
Published: July 2017

The transition-metal-catalyzed chelation-assisted alkenylation at the inert C–H bond of aromatics with alkenes is one of the efficient methods to synthesize substituted vinylarenes in a highly regio- and stereoselective manner.
A divergent [5+2] cascade approach to bicyclo[3.2.1]octanes: facile synthesis of ent-kaurene and cedrene-type skeletons
Authors: He Chi , Bai Zengbing , Hu Jialei , Wang Bingnan , Xie Hujun , Yu Lei , Ding Hanfeng
Published: July 2017

A divergent [5+2] cascade approach to bicyclo[3.2.1]octanes was described, enabling the rapid synthesis of diversely functionalizedent-kaurene and cedrene-type skeletons.
Sequential dynamic structuralisation by in situ production of supramolecular building blocks
Authors: Yuasa Hirohiko , Asakura Kouichi , Banno Taisuke
Published: July 2017

We demonstrate an example of sequential dynamic higher structuralisation from disordered droplets into higher-ordered structures, resulting in the formation of a hydrogel.
Cell type-selective imaging and profiling of newly synthesized proteomes by using puromycin analogues
Authors: Du Shubo , Wang Danyang , Lee Jun-Seok , Peng Bo , Ge Jingyan , Yao Shao Q.
Published: July 2017

We have developed a versatile antibody-assisted strategy for the imaging and profiling of newly synthesized proteomes in a cell-specific manner.
Synthesis and characterization of boron and nitrogen co-doped diamond crystals under high pressure and high temperature conditions
Authors: Hu Meihua , Bi Ning , Li Shangsheng , Su Taichao , Hu Qiang , Ma Hongan , Jia Xiaopeng
Published: July 2017

In this study, diamond crystals co-doped with boron and nitrogen were synthesized via a temperature gradient method at 5.3–5.8 GPa and 1300–1550 °C by adding B and N dopants to a system of carbon and an Fe-based solvent catalyst.
Molecular insight into the Mullins effect: irreversible disentanglement of polymer chains revealed by molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Ma Chi , Ji Tuo , Robertson Christopher G. , Rajeshbabu R. , Zhu Jiahua , Dong Yalin
Published: July 2017

For the first time, the key characteristics associated with the Mullins effect are captured by a molecular model.
Single-component supported lipid bilayers probed using broadband nonlinear optics
Authors: Olenick Laura L. , Chase Hilary M. , Fu Li , Zhang Yun , McGeachy Alicia C. , Dogangun Merve , Walter Stephanie R. , Wang Hong-fei , Geiger Franz M.
Published: July 2017

Broadband SFG spectroscopy is shown to offer considerable advantages over scanning systems in terms of signal-to-noise ratios when probing well-formed single-component supported lipid bilayers formed from zwitterionic lipids with PC headgroups.
Influence of local structure on photoluminescence properties of Eu3+ doped CeO2 red phosphors through induced oxygen vacancies by contrasting rare earth substitutions
Authors: Raj Athira K. V. , Prabhakar Rao P. , Sreena T. S. , Aju Thara T. R.
Published: July 2017

The contrasting rare earth ion substitution in Ce0.9−xRExO2−δ:0.1Eu3+ elucidates the influence of the local structure and defect formation on photoluminescent properties.
Effect of the cation on the stability of cation–glyme complexes and their interactions with the [TFSA]− anion
Authors: Tsuzuki Seiji , Mandai Toshihiko , Suzuki Soma , Shinoda Wataru , Nakamura Takenobu , Morishita Tetsuya , Ueno Kazuhide , Seki Shiro , Umebayashi Yasuhiro , Dokko Kaoru , Watanabe Masayoshi
Published: July 2017

The interactions of glymes with alkali or alkaline earth metal cations depend strongly on the metal cations.
On the microscopic mechanism behind the purely orientational disorder–disorder transition in the plastic phase of 1-chloroadamantane
Authors: Vispa A. , Monserrat D. , Cuello G. J. , Fernandez-Alonso F. , Mukhopadhyay S. , Demmel F. , Tamarit J. Ll. , Pardo L. C.
Published: July 2017

The microscopic mechanism behind the disorder–disorder phase transition in 1-chloroadamantane is related to changes both in structure and dynamics, as revealed by QENS and neutron diffraction experiments.
Correction: Insulin dimer dissociation and unfolding revealed by amide I two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Ganim Ziad , Jones Kevin C. , Tokmakoff Andrei
Published: July 2017

Correction for ‘Insulin dimer dissociation and unfolding revealed by amide I two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy’ by Ziad Ganim et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2010, 12, 3579–3588.
Palladium(ii) complexes of N,N-diphenylacetamide based thio/selenoethers and flower shaped Pd16S7and prismatic Pd17Se15nano-particles tailored as catalysts for C–C and C–O coupling
Authors: Singh Poornima , Singh Ajai K.
Published: July 2017

Pd16S7/Pd17Se15NPs of shapes unknown hitherto and their Pd precursors (0.0001 mol%) are efficient/reusable catalysts for Suzuki–Miyaura/C–O coupling.
Association of cultured myotubes and fasting plasma metabolite profiles with mitochondrial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes subjects
Authors: Abu Bakar Mohamad Hafizi , Sarmidi Mohamad Roji
Published: July 2017

Discovering the predictive metabolomic markers for mitochondrial dysfunction in disease developments by utilizing both a cellular disease model (myotubes with mitochondrial dysfunction) and the fasting plasma of type 2 diabetes subjects.
Alkaloid-induced asymmetric hydrogenation on bimetallic Pt@Cu cathodes under electrochemical conditions
Authors: Yue Ying-Na , Wu Di , Zeng Sheng , Yang Man-Ping , Wang Huan , Lu Jia-Xing
Published: July 2017

Pt@Cu NPs were coated on carbon paper and used as a cathode for asymmetric electrohydrogenation of pro-chiral aromatic ketones catalyzed by cinchonidine (CD) alkaloids.
Positional isomeric chemosensors: fluorescent and colorimetric cyanide detection based on Si–O cleavage
Authors: Chen Yayun , Zhao Luting , Fu Hanghai , Rao Caihui , Li Zheyao , Liu Chuanxiang
Published: July 2017

Highly selective and sensitive fluorescent and colorimetric cis/trans isomers 3 were rationally designed and investigated for the fast detection and visualization of cyanide ions (TBACN and NaCN) via CN-promoted Si–O cleavage in aqueous solution and in the solid state.
Correction: Uncovering the structures of modular polyketide synthases
Authors: Weissman Kira J.
Published: July 2017

Correction for ‘Uncovering the structures of modular polyketide synthases’ by Kira J. Weissman, Nat. Prod. Rep., 2015, 32, 436–453.
Improving the performance and reliability of inverted planar perovskite solar cells with a carbon nanotubes/PEDOT:PSS hybrid hole collector
Authors: Yoon Saemon , Ha Tae-Jun , Kang Dong-Won
Published: July 2017

A single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs)/PEDOT:PSS hybrid hole collector was successfully implemented in inverted planar perovskite solar cells which outperform the cells with PEDOT:PSS.
Second order directed positioning of nanoparticles induced by the main terminal meniscus shape in irregular template cavities
Authors: Asbahi Mohamed , Dong Zhaogang , Wang FuKe , Saifullah Mohammad S. M. , Yang Joel K. W. , Chong Karen S. L.
Published: July 2017

Effects of solvent evaporation and template design on directed self-assembly of sub-10 nm nanoparticles.
Stabilizing bubble and droplet interfaces using dipeptide hydrogels
Authors: Aviño Fernando , Matheson Andrew B. , Adams Dave J. , Clegg Paul S.
Published: July 2017

Hydrophobic dipeptide molecules can be used to create interfacial films covering bubbles and droplets made from a range of oils.
PDMAEMA-b-PLMA-b-POEGMA triblock terpolymers via RAFT polymerization and their self-assembly in aqueous solutions
Authors: Skandalis Athanasios , Pispas Stergios
Published: July 2017

Novel PDMAEMA-b-PLMA-b-POEGMA triblock terpolymers were synthesized by RAFT polymerization. Triblock polyelectrolytes were obtained by quaternization. PDMAEMA-b-PLMA-b-POEGMA and QPDMAEMA-b-PLMA-b-POEGMA terpolymers self-assemble into spherical micelles with a mixed corona in aqueous media.
New 10H perovskites Ba5Ln1−xMn4+yO15−δ with spin glass behaviour
Authors: Yin Congling , Tian Genfang , Li Guobao , Liao Fuhui , Lin Jianhua
Published: July 2017

New 10H perovskites Ba5Ln1−xMn4+yO15−δ with ordered arrangements of Ln and Mn ions and spin glass behavior were synthesized and investigated.
Step-feed strategy enhances performance of unbuffered air-cathode microbial fuel cells
Authors: Zhang Liang , Zhu Xun , Li Jun , Kashima Hiroyuki , Liao Qiang , Regan John M.
Published: July 2017

Step-feed was introduced to enhance proton transfer in unbuffered MFCs and improved power generation and Coulombic efficiency.
1H and 19F NMR in drug stress testing: the case of voriconazole
Authors: Barbosa T. M. , Morris G. A. , Nilsson M. , Rittner R. , Tormena C. F.
Published: July 2017

Stress tests form an important part of drug development, and of subsequent accreditation.
Hierarchical MoS2 microspheres prepared through a zinc ion-assisted hydrothermal route as an electrochemical supercapacitor electrode
Authors: Xu Limei , Ma Lin , Rujiralai Thitima , Zhou Xiaoping , Wu Shanshan , Liu Minling
Published: July 2017

Hierarchical molybdenum disulfide microspheres have been successfully prepared through a zinc ion-assisted hydrothermal route followed by an acid corrosion strategy.