bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sitting Time and Body Mass Index in Diabetics and Pre-Diabetics Willing to Participate in a Lifestyle Intervention
Authors: Helmink Judith H. M. , Kremers Stef P. J. , Brussel-Visser Femke N. van , Vries Nanne K. de
Published: September 2011

This cross-sectional study examined the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI), total sitting time and total physical activity time in a generally overweight or obese population of type 2 diabetics or pre-diabetics willing to participate in a lifestyle intervention [n = 221, 55.1% male, mean age (SD) 62.0 (9.9), mean BMI (SD) 31.4 (5.0)]. In addition, we aimed to identify demographic and psychosocial associates of the motivation to become more physically active. The measurement instrument was a self-report questionnaire. Results showed that total sitting time was more closely related to BMI than total physical activity time. Subjects with a higher weight status were more sedentary, but they were also more motivated to be physically active. On the other hand, their self-efficacy to be physically active was lower than subjects with a lower weight status. Lifestyle interventions to decrease the risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes should aim not only at increasing total physical activity time, but also at reducing the total sitting time. Despite generally high levels of motivation among these obese participants, intervention designers and intermediaries should be aware of their low level of self-efficacy towards being physically active.
Structure–Activity Relationship of Halophenols as a New Class of Protein Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
Authors: Feng Xiu E , Zhao Wan Yi , Ban Shu Rong , Zhao Cheng Xiao , Li Qing Shan , Lin Wen Han
Published: September 2011

A series of new benzophenone and diphenylmethane halophenol derivatives were prepared. Their structures were established based on 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS data. All prepared compounds were screened for their in vitro protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitory activities. The effects of modification of the linker, functional groups and substituted positions at the phenyl ring on PTK inhibitory activity were investigated. Twelve halophenols showed significant PTK inhibitory activity. Among them, compounds 6c, 6d, 7d, 9d, 10d, 11d and 13d exhibited stronger activities than that of genistein, the positive reference compound. The results gave a relatively full and definite description of the structure–activity relationship and provided a foundation for further design and structure optimization of the halophenols.
NMR-Based Metabolomic Investigations on the Differential Responses in Adductor Muscles from Two Pedigrees of Manila Clam Ruditapes philippinarum to Cadmium and Zinc
Authors: Wu Huifeng , Liu Xiaoli , Zhao Jianmin , Yu Junbao
Published: September 2011

Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum is one of the most important economic species in shellfishery in China due to its wide geographic distribution and high tolerance to environmental changes (e.g., salinity, temperature). In addition, Manila clam is a good biomonitor/bioindicator in “Mussel Watch Programs” and marine environmental toxicology. However, there are several pedigrees of R. philippinarum distributed in the marine environment in China. No attention has been paid to the biological differences between various pedigrees of Manila clams, which may introduce undesirable biological variation in toxicology studies. In this study, we applied NMR-based metabolomics to detect the biological differences in two main pedigrees (White and Zebra) of R. philippinarum and their differential responses to heavy metal exposures (Cadmium and Zinc) using adductor muscle as a target tissue to define one sensitive pedigree of R. philippinarum as biomonitor for heavy metals. Our results indicated that there were significant metabolic differences in adductor muscle tissues between White and Zebra clams, including higher levels of alanine, glutamine, hypotaurine, phosphocholine and homarine in White clam muscles and higher levels of branched chain amino acids (valine, leucine and isoleucine), succinate and 4-aminobutyrate in Zebra clam muscles, respectively. Differential metabolic responses to heavy metals between White and Zebra clams were also found. Overall, we concluded that White pedigree of clam could be a preferable bioindicator/biomonitor in marine toxicology studies and for marine heavy metals based on the relatively high sensitivity to heavy metals.
Intramolecular C-H···O Hydrogen Bonding in 1,4-Dihydropyridine Derivatives
Authors: Petrova Marina , Muhamadejev Ruslan , Vigante Brigita , Cekavicus Brigita , Plotniece Aiva , Duburs Gunars , Liepinsh Edvards
Published: September 2011

The diastereotopy of the methylene protons at positions 2 and 6 in 1,4-dihydropiridine derivatives with various substituents has been investigated. NMR spectroscopy and quantum chemistry calculations show that the CH···O intramolecular hydrogen bond is one of the factors amplifying the chemical shift differences in the 1H-NMR spectra.
A Short Synthesis of Bisabolane Sesquiterpenes
Authors: Du Zhen-Ting , Zheng Shuai , Chen Gang , Lv Dong
Published: September 2011

A facile total synthesis of three members of the bisabolane sesquiterpene family, namely (±)-curcumene, (±)-xanthorrhizol and (±)-curcuhydroquinone had been achieved in high overall yield. The synthesis used bromobenzene derivatives as starting materials. The halogen-lithium exchange followed by addition of isoprenylacetone and reduction of the obtained carbinols are the key steps of the synthetic pathway. This synthetic approach provides a new route to the bisabolane sesquiterpenes.
A Guided Mode Resonance Aptasensor for Thrombin Detection
Authors: Lin Sheng-Fu , Ding Ting-Jou , Liu Jen-Tsai , Lee Chien-Chieh , Yang Tsung-Hsun , Chen Wen-Yih , Chang Jenq-Yang
Published: September 2011

Recent developments in aptamers have led to their widespread use in analytical and diagnostic applications, particularly for biosensing. Previous studies have combined aptamers as ligands with various sensors for numerous applications. However, merging the aptamer developments with guided mode resonance (GMR) devices has not been attempted. This study reports an aptasensor based home built GMR device. The 29-mer thrombin aptamer was immobilized on the surface of a GMR device as a recognizing ligand for thrombin detection. The sensitivity reported in this first trial study is 0.04 nm/μM for thrombin detection in the concentration range from 0.25 to 1 μM and the limit of detection (LOD) is 0.19 μM. Furthermore, the binding affinity constant (Ka) measured is in the range of 106 M−1. The investigation has demonstrated that such a GMR aptasensor has the required sensitivity for the real time, label-free, in situ detection of thrombin and provides kinetic information related to the binding.
Economic Effects of Legislative Framework Changes in Groundwater Use Rights for Irrigation
Authors: Giannoccaro Giacomo , Prosperi Maurizio , Zanni Giacomo
Published: September 2011

In most countries, groundwater resource is a public good, and the entitlement of use rights by the public authority to final users differs according to a country-specific legislative framework. In Italy, groundwater extraction has been regulated through non-tradable private licenses. At present, the public authority needs to reform the current legislative framework, in order to comply with the Water Framework Directive, aimed at the enhancement of the efficiency of the resource use. This research analyzes the effects of reforming the current framework based on non-tradable use rights, by comparing two different liberalization scenarios: an intra-sector market, and a regional market. Although positive economic benefits are generally expected from the liberalization of use rights at aggregated level, we want to analyze whether effects of the legislative framework causes uneven changes on some farm groups. The empirical case study refers to the Fortore river basin (South of Italy), where groundwater covers about 50–80% of current needs, and informal (though illegal) water markets across neighbor farmers already exist. From the findings, there is no evidence that the exchange liberalization of groundwater use rights leads to gains in terms of the value added and the farmer’s revenue. In addition, in the case of an auction system regulated by the public authority, farmers whose water productivity is higher may be able to gain, while others may suffer some losses. In this case, resistances from farmers’ associations towards the legislative framework reform may arise.
A straightforward approach towards combined α-amino and α-hydroxy acids based on Passerini reactions
Authors: Zahoor Ameer F , Thies Sarah , Kazmaier Uli
Published: September 2011

Complex amino acids with an α-acyloxycarbonyl functionality in the side chain are easily available through epoxide opening by chelated enolates and subsequent oxidation/Passerini reaction. This protocol works with both, aldehyde and ketone intermediates, as long as the ketones are activated by electron-withdrawing groups. In principle Ugi reactions are also possible, allowing the generation of diamino acid derivatives.
Des chaussures, des talons et des femmes
Authors: Tourre-Malen Catherine
Published: September 2011

Depuis quelques années, les chaussures à talons hauts semblent toujours plus présentes dans les vitrines et dans la rue, alors que le quotidien des femmes exige qu'elles se montrent de plus en plus actives dans une société qui tend à l'interchangeabilité des rôles féminin et masculin. Une ethnographie des chaussures féminines, avec une attention toute particulière portée aux aspects ethno-technologiques, cherche à comprendre la persistance et la logique d'une technique aussi incommode et paradoxale que la marche en talons hauts.
The New Extended-Cycle Levonorgestrel-Ethinyl Estradiol Oral Contraceptives
Authors: Bonnema Rachel A. , Spencer Abby L.
Published: September 2011

Effective contraceptive counseling requires an understanding of a woman's preferences and medical history as well as the risks, benefits, side effects, and contraindications of each contraceptive method. Hormonal contraceptives using a variety of delivery methods are highly effective and this review highlights the new extended-cycle levonorgestrel-ethinyl estradiol contraceptives. Extended-cycle OCPs are unique in offering fewer or no withdrawal bleeds over the course of one year but providers need to carefully counsel women regarding the initial increased breakthrough bleeding. Extended-cycle OCPs may be of particular benefit in women with medical comorbidities who would benefit from less withdrawal bleeds, those desiring to avoid monthly menses due to increased hormonal withdrawal symptoms, or simply women who don't desire a monthly period. The risks associated with all extended-cycle OCPs have been found to be similar to those of traditional OCPs therefore counseling on the risks and side effects is comparable to that of any combined hormonal contraceptives.

Newer extended-cycle regimens shorten or eliminate the hormone-free interval, decrease frequency of menses to four times per year or eliminate menses altogether. This can reduce the risk of common menstrual symptoms, endometriosis, or severe dysmenorrhea by offering potentially greater ovarian suppression and preventing endogenous estradiol production while still providing highly effective, rapidly reversible, and safe contraception.
Patient Considerations in the Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Role of Once-A-Month Golimumab Injection
Authors: Garcia Maria Victoria , Rosa Javier , Soriano Enrique R.
Published: September 2011

Golimumab (GLM) is a fully human monoclonal antibody with amino acid sequences of the light and heavy chains identical to those of infliximab, that binds specifically to both the soluble and transmembrane bioactive forms of human TNF-α, thereby inhibiting the biological activity of TNF. GLM was studied in an extensive program of RCTs that included one study in phase I and one in phase II, and studies in phase III including patients failing MTX (GO-FORWARD), failing other anti TNF (GO-AFTER), MTX naïve patients (GO-BEFORE), and one study with IV GLM in patients that remained active in spite of receiving MTX. These studies showed that GLM is effective and safe for the treatment of RA, with a efficacy and safety profile very similar to the other classic anti TNF biologics, and determined the approval by the FDA in April 2009 for use in moderately-to-severely active RA in combination with methotrexate (MTX) when given to adults. In comparison to other biologics for RA, GLM has some advantages: first, it's less frequent administration (every 4 weeks); and second, its subcutaneous route of administration, which allows patients to self administer the drug at home. Currently, GLM represents an option to RA active patients desiring less frequent injections and to patients in whom the previous treatment with other TNF-α inhibitors failed.
Additional Treatment with Fenofibrate for Patients Treated with Pitavastatin under Ordinary Medical Practice for Hypertriglyceridemia in Japan (APPROACH-J Study)
Authors: Wakida Yasushi , Suzuki Satoshi , Investigators Hirohiko Nomura, on behalf of APPROACH-J , Isomura Tatsuya
Published: September 2011

Safety and efficacy of combination therapy of pitavastatin and fenofibrate were examined in consecutive case series with fasting serum triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL despite receiving pitavastatin 1 or 2 mg daily for over 2 months and additionally administered micronized fenofibrate 67 mg daily for another 4 to 16 weeks. Such low doses were selected in consideration of safety, and normal liver and renal functions were incorporated in inclusion criteria. In result, a total of 56 cases were examined. The addition of fenofibrate 67 mg to pitavastatin 1 mg/2 mg yielded a 36.8%/35.6% reduction in triglycerides and 6.4%/12.4% elevation in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, respectively. Almost 70% of the patients achieved triglycerides <150 mg/dL. Statistically significant elevation and decrease were observed in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, respectively. Laboratory tests for liver, renal and muscle function statistically significantly elevated after starting fenofibrate co-administration, which were considered comparable to the effect of fenofibrate alone. No myopathy or serious adverse events were reported. In conclusion, while the safety and tolerability need to be further examined over the longer term, and careful monitoring is still needed, this regimen could be considered as one of the treatment option for hypercholesterolemia associated with hypertriglyceridemia.
Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump Entrapment in a Nonatherosclerotic Common Iliac Artery
Authors: Sabzi Feridoun , Zokaei Abdol Hamid , Moloudi Abdol Rasoul , Dabiri Samsam
Published: September 2011

Use of an intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) is helpful for maintaining hemodynamic stability in patients with low cardiac output and compromised left ventricular function undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Although the incidence of complications has decreased significantly as experience with the device has increased, IABP use still carries a risk of complications. The most common complication is limb ischemia, mainly as a result of IABP entrapment and thromboembolism. Here we report a case of IABP entrapment in a nonatherosclerotic common iliac artery where forced removal caused fracture of the catheter.
Response of the Antarctic stratosphere to warm pool El Niño Events in the GEOS CCM
Authors: Hurwitz M. M. , Song I.-S. , Oman L. D. , Newman P. A. , Molod A. M. , Frith S. M. , Nielsen J. E.
Published: September 2011

Abstract. The Goddard Earth Observing System Chemistry-Climate Model, Version 2 (GEOS V2 CCM) is used to investigate the response of the Antarctic stratosphere to (1) warm pool El Niño (WPEN) events and (2) the sensitivity of this response to the phase of the QBO. A new formulation of the GEOS V2 CCM includes an improved general circulation model and an internally generated quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO). Two 50-yr time-slice simulations are forced by repeating annual cycles of sea surface temperatures and sea ice concentrations composited from observed WPEN and neutral ENSO (ENSON) events. In these simulations, greenhouse gas and ozone-depleting substance concentrations represent the present-day climate. The modelled responses to WPEN, and to the phase of the QBO during WPEN, are compared with NASA's Modern Era Retrospective-Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) reanalysis. WPEN events enhance poleward tropospheric planetary wave activity in the central South Pacific region during austral spring, leading to relative warming of the Antarctic lower stratosphere in November/December. During the easterly phase of the QBO (QBO-E), the GEOS V2 CCM reproduces the observed 4–5 K warming of the polar region at 50 hPa, in the WPEN simulation relative to ENSON. In the recent past, the response to WPEN events was sensitive to the phase of the QBO: the enhancement in planetary wave driving and the lower stratospheric warming signal were mainly associated with WPEN events coincident with QBO-E. In the GEOS V2 CCM, however, the Antarctic response to WPEN events is insensitive to the phase of the QBO: the modelled response is always easterly QBO-like. The QBO signal does not extend far enough into the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere to modulate convection and thus planetary wave activity in the south central Pacific.
Transport and fate of hexachlorocyclohexanes in the oceanic air and surface seawater
Authors: Xie Z. , Koch B. P. , Möller A. , Sturm R. , Ebinghaus R.
Published: September 2011

Abstract. Hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) are ubiquitous organic pollutants derived from pesticide application. They are subject to long-range transport, persistent in the environment, and capable of accumulation in biota. Shipboard measurements of HCH isomers (α-, γ- and β-HCH) in surface seawater and boundary layer atmospheric samples were conducted in the Atlantic and the Southern Ocean in October to December of 2008. ΣHCHs concentrations (the sum of α-, γ- and β-HCH) in the lower atmosphere ranged from 12 to 37 pg m−3 (mean: 27 ± 11 pg m−3) in the Northern Hemisphere (NH), and from 1.5 to 4.0 pg m−3 (mean: 2.8 ± 1.1 pg m−3) in the Southern Hemisphere (SH), respectively. Water concentrations were: α-HCH 0.33–47 pg l−1, γ-HCH 0.02–33 pg l−1 and β-HCH 0.11–9.5 pg l−1. Dissolved HCH concentrations decreased from the North Atlantic to the Southern Ocean, indicating historical use of HCHs in the NH. Spatial distribution showed increasing concentrations from the equator towards North and South latitudes illustrating the concept of cold trapping in high latitudes and less interhemispheric mixing process. In comparison to concentrations measured in 1987–1999/2000, gaseous HCHs were slightly lower, while dissolved HCHs decreased by factor of 2–3 orders of magnitude. Air-water exchange gradients suggested net deposition for α-HCH (mean: 3800 pg m−2 day−1) and γ-HCH (mean: 2000 pg m−2 day−1), whereas β-HCH varied between equilibrium (volatilization: <0–12 pg m−2 day−1) and net deposition (range: 6–690 pg m−2 day−1). Climate change may significantly accelerate the release of "old" HCHs from continental storage (e.g. soil, vegetation and high mountains) and drive long-range transport from sources to deposition in the open oceans. Biological productivities may interfere with the air-water exchange process as well. Consequently, further investigation is necessary to elucidate the long term trends and the biogeochemical turnover of HCHs in the oceanic environment.
Methanotrophic activity and diversity in different Sphagnum magellanicum dominated habitats in the southernmost peat bogs of Patagonia
Authors: Kip N. , Fritz C. , Langelaan E.S. , Pan Y. , Bodrossy L. , Pancotto V. , Jetten M. S. M. , Smolders A. J. P. , Op den Camp H. J. M.
Published: September 2011

Abstract. Sphagnum peatlands are important ecosystems in the methane cycle. Methanotrophs living in and on the Sphagnum mosses are able to act as a methane filter and thereby reduce methane emissions. We investigated in situ methane concentrations and the corresponding activity and diversity of methanotrophs in different Sphagnum dominated bog microhabitats. In contrast to the Northern Hemisphere peat ecosystems the temperate South American peat bogs are dominated by one moss species; Sphagnum magellanicum. This permitted a species-independent comparison of the different bog microhabitats. Potential methane oxidizing activity was found in all Sphagnum mosses sampled and a positive correlation was found between activity and in situ methane concentrations. Substantial methane oxidation activity (23 μmol CH4 gDW−1 day−1) was found in pool mosses and could be correlated with higher in situ methane concentrations (>35 μmol CH4 l−1 pore water). Little methanotrophic activity (<0.5 μmol CH4 gDW−1 day−1) was observed in living Sphagnum mosses from lawns and hummocks. Methane oxidation activity was relatively high (>4 μmol CH4 gDW−1 day−1) in Sphagnum litter situated at depths around the water levels and rich in methane. The total bacterial community was studied using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and the methanotrophic communities were studied using a pmoA microarray and a complementary pmoA clone library. The methanotrophic diversity was similar in the different habitats of this study and surprisingly comparable to the methanotrophic diversity found in peat mosses from the Northern Hemisphere. The pmoA microarray data indicated that both alpha- and gammaproteobacterial methanotrophs were present in all Sphagnum mosses, even in those mosses with a low initial methane oxidation activity. Prolonged incubation of Sphagnum mosses from lawn and hummock with methane revealed that the methanotrophic community present was viable and showed an increased activity within 15 days. The high abundance of methanotrophic Methylocystis species in the most active mosses suggests that these might be responsible for the bulk of methane oxidation.
Nonlinear optimization set pair analysis model (NOSPAM) for assessing water resource renewability
Authors: Yang X. H. , Zhang X. J. , Hu X. X. , Yang Z. F. , Li J. Q.
Published: September 2011

Abstract. There is much uncertain information which is very difficult to quantify in the water resource renewability assessment (WRRA). The index weights are the key parameters in the assessment model. To assess the water resource renewability rationally, a novel nonlinear optimization set pair analysis model (NOSPAM) is proposed, in which a nonlinear optimization model based on gray-encoded hybrid accelerating genetic algorithm is given to determine the weights by optimizing subjective and objective information, as well as an improved set pair analysis model based on the connection degree is established to deal with certain-uncertain information. In addition, a new calculating formula is established for determining certain-uncertain information quantity in NOSPAM. NOSPAM is used to assess the water resource renewability of the nine administrative divisions in the Yellow River Basin. Results show that NOSPAM can deal with the uncertain information, subjective and objective information. Compared with other nonlinear assessment methods (such as the gray associate analysis method and fuzzy assessment method), the advantage of NOSPAM is that it can not only rationally determine the index weights, but also measure the uncertain information quantity in the WRRA. This NOSPAM model is an extension to nonlinear assessment models.
Jahnula aquatica and its anamorph Xylomyces chlamydosporus on submerged wood in Thailand
Authors: Sivichai Somsak , Sri-Indrasutdhi Veera , Jones E.B. Gareth
Published: September 2011

Single ascospore isolates of Jahnula aquatica germinated to give rise to the anamorphic fungus Xylomyces chlamydosporus. This is the first confirmed connection between a Jahnula species and the anamorphic genus Xylomyces. Colony morphology and sporulation
of Xylomyces in culture are reported, with also a fungal list of Jahnula and related genera found in Thailand.
Glomus crenatum (Glomeromycetes), a new ornamented species from Cuba
Authors: Furrazola Eduardo , Torres-Arias Yamir , Ferrer Roberto L. , Herrera Ricardo A. , Berbara Ricardo L.L. , Goto Bruno Tomio
Published: September 2011

A new ornamented species of the Glomeromycetes found in Pinar del Rio and Moa, western and east Cuba, respectively, is proposed here as Glomus crenatum. The fungus differs from previously described species by the darkly pigmented spore walls that possess a hemispherical
dome-like surface ornamentation.
Dendrophlebia (Agaricomycetes), a new corticioid genus from India
Authors: Dhingra G.S. , Priyanka G.S.
Published: September 2011

A new corticioid genus, Dendrophlebia, is described from West Kameng in Arunachal Pradesh.
Puccinia species new to Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan
Authors: Afshan N. S. , Khalid A. N. , Niazi A. R. , Iqbal S. H.
Published: September 2011

Puccinia persistens subsp. agropyrina on Elymus semicostatus and P. variabilis on Taraxacum officinale are newly recorded for Pakistan while P. punctiformis on Cirsium arvense and P. absinthii on Artemisia brevifolia are
additions to the rust flora of Azad Jammu & Kashmir.
Three corticolous species of Lecanora (Lecanoraceae) new to China
Authors: Han Liu-Fu , Guo Shou-Yu , Zhang Hao
Published: September 2011

Three corticolous species of the lichen genus Lecanora— L. mikuraensis, L. queenslandica, and L. thysanophora — are reported from China for the first time. General data on habitats, diagnostic characters, geographic distribution, and habit and anatomical photos
of the newly recorded species are provided.
Observations on Inocephalus virescens comb. nov. and Alboleptonia stylophora from northeastern Queensland
Authors: Largent David L. , Abell-Davis Sandra E.
Published: September 2011

Inocephalus virescens (≡ Leptonia virescens, ≡ Entoloma virescens) is proposed as a new combination and reported for the first time for northeastern Queensland; Alboleptonia stylophora represents a first record for Australia. Macromorphological
and micromorphological features are provided for both species.
Notes on Trametes (Basidiomycota) in China
Authors: Li Hai-Jiao , He Shuang-Hui
Published: September 2011

Four Trametes species, T. ellipsospora, T. maxima, T. mimetes, and T. tephroleuca, are reported as new for the Chinese fungal flora. Illustrated descriptions of these species are given according to the Chinese materials. A key is provided to the twenty-six
species recorded in China. The relationships of Chinese Trametes spp. and related genera are discussed.
A new Dothidasteroma species on leaves of Psidium laruotteanum from the Brazilian Cerrado
Authors: Inácio C.A. , Pereira-Carvalho R.C. , Souza E.S.C. , Dianese J.C.
Published: September 2011

A new Dothidasteroma species found on leaves of Psidium laruotteanum collected in the Brazilian Cerrado is described, illustrated, and designated as Dothidasteroma psidii.
Zwackhiomyces turcicus sp. nov. (Ascomycota, Xanthopyreniaceae) from Turkey
Authors: Kocakaya Mustafa , Halıcı Mehmet Gökhan , Aksoy Ahmet
Published: September 2011

Zwackhiomyces turcicus is described as new from the thallus of Physcia magnussonii from southern Turkey. The new species produces one of the largest ascomata in the genus and is easily differentiated from Z. physciicola (described from Physcia caesia) by
its larger verruculose ascospores and thinner interascal filaments.
Arthonia anatolica sp. nov. (Arthoniaceae) on Aspicilia contorta subsp. hoffmanniana, a new lichenicolous species from Turkey
Authors: Halici Mehmet Gökhan , Candan Mehmet
Published: September 2011

Arthonia anatolica sp. nov. is described on Aspicilia contorta subsp. hoffmanniana on calcareous rocks from central and eastern Turkey. The new species clearly differs from the other Arthonia species reported on Aspicilia sp. and most closely resembles
Arthonia amylospora, a species known on Porpidia rugosa. The differences are discussed.
A new species and a new record of Marasmius from China
Authors: Deng Chun-Ying , Li Tai-Hui , Song Bin
Published: September 2011

Marasmius pseudoconfertus is described and illustrated as a new species of section Sicci series Leonini. It has a reddish brown pileus, subdistant lamellae, a fuscous to dark brown stipe, basidiospores 13–16 × 4–5 μm, and lacks pleurocystidia
and caulocystidia. Marasmius suthepensis is reported for the first time from China.
Entoloma mastoideum and E. praegracile — two new species from China
Authors: He Xiao-Lan , Li Tai-Hui , Jiang Zi-De , Shen Ya-Heng
Published: September 2011

Two new Entoloma species, E. mastoideum and E. praegracile from China, are described, illustrated, and compared with similar taxa. Entoloma mastoideum is characterized by its flesh-colored or pinkish pileus with a distinctive conic to umbonate papilla, 6–8-angled
spores, (1–)2-spored basidia, cylindrical to clavate and hyaline cheilocystidia. Entoloma praegracile is distinctive because of its small and pale orange basidiomata, translucently striate pileus, slender and brittle stipe, (1–)2–3-spored and short and stout basidia,
and absence of cheilocystidia.
New records of corticioid fungi in Turkey
Authors: Doan Hasan Hüseyin , Karadelev Mitko , Rusevska Katerina , Akta Sinan
Published: September 2011

A recent survey of wood-inhabiting Basidiomycota in Turkey has added 10 corticioids to the Turkish mycobiota; included are first records of the genera Boidinia and Leptosporomyces in the country. All collected species are described and their distribution in Turkey
is summarized. Microscopical line-drawings and ecological notes are provided.
Lecanora, Phaeophyscia and Rinodina species new to Turkey
Authors: Arslan Belgin , Öztürk Şule , Oran Seyhan
Published: September 2011

Four lichenized fungi (Lecanora jamesii, L. juniperina, Phaeophyscia hirsuta, and Rinodina orculata) are reported for the first time from Turkey. Comments on their habitat, substrate, and morphological and anatomical features are provided.
Four new records of Caloplaca (lichenized Ascomycetes) from India
Authors: Joshi Yogesh , Upreti Dalip K.
Published: September 2011

Detailed taxonomic descriptions are presented for four species of the lichen genus Caloplaca, newly reported from India. Caloplaca litoricola (also newly reported from Asia) is a littoral species, recorded only from coastal regions in India, while C. chalybaea, C. lypera,
and C. maura are recorded only from inland areas.
Notes on the neotype of Tuber taiyuanense
Authors: Cao Jin-Zhong , Chi Wei-Dan , Fan Li , Li Yu
Published: September 2011

The neotype of Tuber taiyuanense was re-examined and found to contain two different species. One of these corresponded with the protologue and is here designated as the neotype of Tuber taiyuanense; the other was identified as T. liaotongense.
Glomeromycota: three new genera and glomoid species reorganized
Authors: Oehl Fritz , Silva Gladstone Alves da , Goto Bruno Tomio , Sieverding Ewald
Published: September 2011

Species in the orders Glomerales and Diversisporales (Glomeromycetes) with glomoid spore formation are reorganized based on combined ribosomal sequence and morphological analyses. Within the Glomerales two genera in the Glomeraceae (Septoglomus,
Simiglomus) and one genus in the Claroideoglomeraceae (Viscospora) are proposed as new. Paraglomerales species (thus far monogeneric) also form glomoid spores that may all germinate directly through the spore wall instead through subtending hyphae as in Glomerales.
Os discursos programáticos dos partidos políticos na América Latina: identidade de classe e política econômica
Authors: Oliveira Augusto Neftali Corte de
Published: September 2011

O artigo desenvolve uma análise comparada do discurso programático contemporâneo de 19 partidos de esquerda da América Latina, compreendendo 15 países. Quatro preocupações guiam o desenvolvimento da pesquisa: (a) a identidade com a classe trabalhadora está presente nas bases ideológicas destes partidos?, (b) estes partidos defendem uma agenda econômica social-democrata?, (c) existe relação entre a identidade de classe e a defesa de políticas social-democratas?, e (d) existe um padrão no discurso programático da esquerda latino-americana atual? Com foco na década de 2000, a pesquisa utiliza como fonte os programas de governo dos partidos e realiza breves discussões teóricas com a literatura especializada nos campos abordados. São encontrados elementos que permitem inferir a existência de relação positiva entre a ênfase de classe e a proposição de uma política econômica orientada por valores social-democratas, bem como um padrão comum que reúne um grupo significativo de partidos latino-americanos.
O lugar de Tenório Cavalcanti na política do Rio de Janeiro: uma análise sobre o ano de 1954
Authors: Silva Claudio Araujo de Souza e
Published: September 2011

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o fenômeno político expressado por Tenório Cavalcanti. Pretende-se apontar para alguns aspectos da relação estabelecida entre o ex-deputado, as suas bases eleitorais e as elites políticas existentes em seu contexto, de modo que seja possível situar o seu lugar no campo político do Rio de Janeiro. A análise se concentra sobre o ano de 1954 e coloca em questão a construção de sua identidade política, a partir de uma abordagem sobre os significados atribuídos aos conceitos de violência, udenismo e trabalhismo. A investigação empírica é baseada, sobretudo, no jornal Luta Democrática, criado por Tenório Cavalcanti. Este periódico lhe serviu como um importante aliado para a construção de sua imagem pública.
Diversidade cultural, pluralidade, diferença: qual é a questão?
Authors: Kowalewski Daniele Pechuti , Schilling Flávia
Published: September 2011

O presente artigo busca discutir a presença, na educação brasileira, da questão das diversidades culturais tornadas necessidades curriculares. Para melhor entender essa questão, analisamos sua emergência através de alguns documentos federais – Tema transversal Pluralidade Cultural, nos PCN, As Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Educação das Relações Étnico-Raciais e para o Ensino de História e Cultura Afro-Brasileira e Africana e o Programa Ética e Cidadania: construindo valores na escola e na sociedade, visando reconhecer as conexões estabelecidas nos citados documentos com as lutas contemporâneas vinculadas ao reconhecimento identitário. Trata-se de traçar um paralelo, mesmo que inicial, entre tais lutas e questões da democracia contemporânea, a partir das noções de desentendimento em Jacques Rancière e de poderes e direitos em Michel Foucault.
A condição de proletariedade: esboço de uma analítica existencial da classe do proletariado
Authors: Alves Giovanni Antonio Pinto , Selegrin Esdras Fred Rodrigues
Published: September 2011

Nosso objetivo neste artigo é apresentar o conceito de “condição de proletariedade”, considerado por nós como a condição existencial fundamental (e fundante) da modernidade do capital, que implica homens e mulheres despossuídos dos meios de produção de sua vida social, na situação de “classe social” do proletariado. A “classe” (entre aspas) do proletariado é o conjunto social de homens e mulheres, alienados da propriedade/controle social dos meios de produção da vida, que estão subsumidos a uma condição existencial histórico-particular: a condição de proletariedade.
MONITORING UGLJEN MONOKSIDA U VAZDUHU GRADA BIJELJINE
Authors: Đurić Neđo , Babić Radenko , Đuran Perica , Vidaković Mira
Published: September 2011

Ugljen monoksid je neorgansko jedinjenje ugljenika, i spada u grupu neutralnih oksida, koji ne reaguje sa vodom, kiselinama i bazama. Jake je citotoksičnosti za živa bića, jer spada u grupu hemijskih zagušljivaca i najvećih zagađivača vazduha. Nastaje u toku nepotpune oksidacije organskih materija. Izduvni gasovi motora sa unutrašnjim sagorijevanjem jedan su od najvećih zagađivača atmosfere ovim gasom, cca 1 – 14 vol.%. U području grada Bijeljine postavljen je monitoring sistem i izvršeno praćenje sadržaja ugljen monoksida u vazduhu u periodu januar 2010 – decembar 2010 godine. Pored svakodnevnog praćenja koncentracija ugljen monoksida u vazduhu praćeni su i osnovni meteorološki parametri. Dobijeni rezultati su prikazani tabelarno i grafički. Rezultati određivanja sadržaja ugljen monoksida u vazduhu pokazuju da su u čitavom mjernom periodu prosječne vrijednosti koncentracija znatno ispod dozvoljenih graničnih vrijednosti vazduha od 10000 [µg/m3 ] tako da se pri ovim koncentacijama ne može očekivati nepovoljni uticaj ugljen monoksida na živa bića i zdravlje ljudi.
Graphene Versus Carbon Nanotubes in Electronic Devices
Authors: Biswas Chandan , Lee Young Hee
Published: September 2011

Advances in semiconductor device during last few decades enable us to improve the electronic device performance by minimizing the device dimension. However, further development of these systems encounters scientific and technological limits and forces us to explore better alternatives. Low‐dimensional carbon allotropes such as carbon nanotube and graphene exhibit superior electronic, optoelectronic, and mechanical properties compared to the conventional semiconductors. This Feature Article reviews the recent progresses of carbon nanotubes and graphene researches and compares their electronic properties and electric device performances. A particular focus is the comparison of the characteristics in transparent conducting films (transparency and sheet resistance) and field‐effect transistors (FETs) (device types, ambipolarity, mobility, doping strategy, FET‐performance, logic and memory operations). Finally, the performance of devices that combine graphene and carbon nanotubes is also highlighted.
Joint distributions of some actuarial random vectors for the Cox risk model
Authors: Lin Xu , Rongming Wang , Dingjun Yao
Published: September 2011

The main purpose of this paper was to investigate the joint distributions of some actuarial vectors that contain the ruin time for the Cox risk model. Joint distributions of some actuarial vectors such as those containing the ruin time, the maximum surplus before ruin, duration of the surplus being negative, and others are important for measuring the risk management level and the severity caused by ruin. In the past decade, great literatures have devoted to the study of these distributions for classical models, such as the compound Poisson model and the perturbed compound Poisson model etc. The main result of this paper provides the joint distributions of these actuarial vectors for the Cox risk model—a model with wide applications in risk theory. The main method of this paper is to apply the idea of ‘operational time scale’ to the Cox model, which enables us to solve our problem by intergrading some existing results for the compound Poisson risk model. To some extent, we can view our work as an extension of joint distributions of some actuarial vectors for the compound Poisson risk model to the ones for the Cox risk model. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New multivariate orderings based on conditional distributions
Authors: Belzunce Félix , Mulero Julio , Ruiz José M. , Suárez‐Llorens Alfonso
Published: September 2011

In this paper, we propose and study new multivariate extensions of the dispersive, right‐spread, decreasing mean residual life and new better than used in expectation univariate orders. These new orders are based on the comparison of univariate marginal distributions conditional on survival data for the rest of the components. Relationships among multivariate orders and applications to some multivariate random vectors are also provided. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biofuels for transport in 2050
Authors: Jagger Anna
Published: September 2011

Biofuels could provide 27% of total global transport fuels by 2050, compared with just 2% today, if they are produced sustainably, according to the International Energy Agency (IEA). To meet this target, biofuel technologies need to become more efficient and policies will be needed to incentivize the most efficient biofuels in terms of greenhouse gas (GHG) performance and ensure that food security and biodiversity are not compromised. Anna Jagger reflects on the IEA's recommendations in the recent Technology Roadmap: Biofuels for Transport. © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Long non‐coding RNA modifies chromatin
Authors: Saxena Alka , Carninci Piero
Published: September 2011

Common themes are emerging in the molecular mechanisms of long non‐coding RNA‐mediated gene repression. Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in targeted gene silencing through chromatin remodelling, nuclear reorganisation, formation of a silencing domain and precise control over the entry of genes into silent compartments. The similarities suggest that these are fundamental processes of transcription regulation governed by lncRNAs. These findings have paved the way for analogous investigations on other lncRNAs and chromatin remodelling enzymes. Here we discuss these common mechanisms and provide our view on other molecules that warrant similar investigations. We also present our concepts on the possible mechanisms that may facilitate the exit of genes from the silencing domains and their potential therapeutic applications. Finally, we point to future areas of research and put forward our recommendations for improvements in resources and applications of existing technologies towards targeted outcomes in this active area of research.
Immobilization of laccase by encapsulation in a sol–gel matrix and its characterization and use for the removal of estrogens
Authors: Lloret L. , Eibes G. , Feijoo G. , Moreira M. T. , Lema J. M. , Hollmann F.
Published: September 2011

Laccase from Myceliophthora thermophila was immobilized by encapsulation in a sol–gel matrix based on methyltrimethoxysilane and tetramethoxysilane. The amount of laccase used for the preparation of the hydrogel was in the range 2.2–22 mg of protein/mL sol and the corresponding enzymatic activities were in the range 5.5–17.0 U/g biocatalyst. The kinetic parameters of the encapsulated laccase showed that the immobilized enzyme presented lower affinity for the substrate 2,2′‐azinobis‐(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonate) (ABTS). However, the stability of laccase was significantly enhanced after immobilization; thus, both pH and thermal stability improved about 10–30% and tolerance to different inactivating agents (NaN3, ZnCl2, CoCl2, CaCl2, methanol, and acetone) was 20–40% higher. The reusability of the immobilized laccase was demonstrated in the oxidation of ABTS for several consecutive cycles, preserving 80% of the initial laccase activity after 10 cycles. The feasibility of the immobilized biocatalyst was tested for the continuous elimination of Acid Green 27 dye as a model compound in a packed‐bed reactor (PBR). Removals of 70, 58, 57, and 55% were achieved after four consecutive cycles with limited adsorption on the support: only 10–15%. Finally, both batch stirred tank reactor (BSTR) operated in several cycles and PBR, containing the solid biocatalyst were applied for the treatment of a solution containing the endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs): estrone (E1), 17β‐estradiol (E2), and 17α‐ethinylestradiol (EE2). Eliminations of EDCs in the BSTR were higher than 85% and the reusability of the biocatalyst for the degradation of those estrogens was demonstrated. In the continuous operation of the PBR, E1 was degraded by 55% and E2 and EE2 were removed up to 75 and 60%, at steady‐state conditions. In addition, a 63% decrease in estrogenic activity was detected. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2011
Racial and regional disparities in lung cancer incidence
Authors: Underwood J. Michael , Townsend Julie S. , Tai Eric , Davis Shane P. , Stewart Sherri L. , White Arica , Momin Behnoosh , Fairley Temeika L.
Published: September 2011

BACKGROUND:

Lung cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer‐related death in the United States (US). We examined data from 2004 to 2006 for lung cancer incidence rates by demographics, including race and geographic region, to identify potential health disparities.

METHODS:

Data from cancer registries affiliated with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR), and the National Cancer Institute's (NCI) Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) were used for this study; representing 100% of the US population. Age‐adjusted incidence rates and 95% confidence intervals for demographic (age, sex, race, ethnicity, and US Census region), and tumor (stage, grade, and histology) characteristics were calculated.

RESULTS:

During 2004 to 2006, 623,388 people (overall rate of 68.9 per 100,000) were diagnosed with lung cancer in the US. Lung cancer incidence rates were highest among men (86.2), Blacks (73.0), persons aged 70 to 79 years (431.1), and those living in the South (74.7). Among Whites, the highest lung cancer incidence rate was in the South (75.6); the highest rates among Blacks (88.9) and American Indians/Alaska Natives (65.4) in the Midwest, Asians/Pacific Islanders in the West (40.0), and Hispanics in the Northeast (40.3).

CONCLUSIONS:

Our findings of racial, ethnic, and regional disparities in lung cancer incidence suggest a need for the development and implementation of more effective culturally specific preventive and treatment strategies that will ultimately reduce the disproportionate burden of lung cancer in the US. Cancer 2012. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Long‐term outcomes in breast cancer patients undergoing immediate 2‐stage expander/implant reconstruction and postmastectomy radiation
Authors: Ho Alice , Cordeiro Peter , Disa Joseph , Mehrara Babak , Wright Jean , Van Zee Kimberly J. , Hudis Clifford , McLane Amanda , Chou Joanne , Zhang Zhigang , Powell Simon , McCormick Beryl
Published: September 2011

BACKGROUND:

Breast reconstruction with tissue expander (TE)/permanent implant (PI) followed by postmastectomy radiation (PMRT) is an increasingly popular treatment for breast cancer patients. The long‐term rates of permanent implant removal or replacement (PIRR) and clinical outcomes in patients treated with a uniform reconstructive surgery and radiation regimen were evaluated.

METHODS:

Between 1996 and 2006, 1639 patients with stage II‐III breast cancer received modified radical mastectomy (MRM) at Memorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer Center. A total of 751 received TE placement at the time of mastectomy. Of these, 151 patients went on to receive chemotherapy and exchange of the TE for a permanent implant, followed by PMRT. Clinical outcomes and PIRR‐free rates were estimated by Kaplan‐Meier methods. Cox regression model was used to examine patient, disease, and treatment characteristics associated with PIRR.

RESULTS:

Median follow‐up was 86 months (range, 11‐161 months). The 7‐year PIRR‐free rate was 71% (38 PIRRs in 35 patients). The 7‐year rate of PI replacement was 17.1% (21), and removal was 13.3% (17). Reasons for PIRR included infection (15); implant extrusion, shift, leak, or rupture (4); patient request (1), or multifactorial (17). On univariate analysis, no factor was significantly associated with PIRR. Two patients experienced local recurrence in the chest wall, both after 7 years. The 7‐year distant metastasis–free survival rate was 81% and overall survival 93%.

CONCLUSIONS:

Favorable 7‐year PIRR rates and clinical outcomes were achieved in a sizable cohort of patients treated with homogeneous sequencing, radiation, and reconstructive surgery and lengthy follow‐up. Factors predictive for high risk of PIRR were not identifiable in this population. Cancer 2012. © 2011 American Cancer Society.