bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
School’s out for summer–Differences in training characteristics between adolescent biathletes of different performance levels
Authors: Kårström Andreas , Laaksonen Marko S. , Björklund Glenn
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this study was to retrospectively describe the longitudinal changes of training variables in adolescent biathletes based on performance level. Thirty biathletes (15 men and 15 women) were included in the study and categorized as either national level biathletes (NLB, n = 21) or national team biathletes (NTB, n = 9). Retrospective training data was collected from training diary covering the biathletes’ four years (Y1-Y4) as student-athletes at upper secondary school. Training data was divided into physical and shooting training variables. A linear mixed-effect model was used for comparing the difference of the performance group and year of upper secondary school on training characteristics. The NTB group achieved a greater annual training volume than the NLB group, especially during Y4 (594±71 h·y-1 vs 461±127 h·y-1, p < 0.001), through an increase in duration of each session and by completing more weekly training volume during the general phase (13.7±4.6 vs 10.0±4.9 h·w-1, p = 0.004). No difference was observed in relative training intensity distribution between the groups. The total number of shots fired was also greater for the NTB (9971±4716 vs 7355±2812 shots·y-1, p = 0.003). There was an equal frequency in illness and injury for both the NLB and NTB. Accordingly, the results of the present study describe longitudinal changes of biathlon training in adolescent biathletes that also may affect performance development.
Estimating the causal effects of work-related and non-work-related stressors on perceived stress level: A fixed effects approach using population-based panel data
Authors: Larsen Finn Breinholt , Lasgaard Mathias , Willert Morten Vejs , Sørensen Jes Bak
Published: August 2023

Objectives

Prolonged or excessive stress can have a negative impact on health and well-being, and stress therefore constitutes a major public health issue. A central question is what are the main sources of stress in contemporary societies? This study examines the effects of work-related and non-work-related stressors and perceived social support on perceived stress within a causal framework.

Methods

Panel data were drawn from two waves (2013 and 2017) of the population-based health survey "How are you?" conducted in the Central Denmark Region. The analytical sample comprised 9,194 subjects who had responded to both surveys. Work-related and non-work-related stressors included major life events, chronic stressors, daily hassles and lack of social support. Perceived stress was measured with the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Data were analysed using fixed effects regression in a fully balanced design.

Results

The largest effects on PSS were seen in own disease, work situation and lack of social support. Other stressors affecting the perceived stress level were financial circumstances, relationship with partner, relationship with family and friends, and disease among close relatives. Most variables had a symmetrical effect on PSS.

Conclusions

The results point to the need for comprehensive policies to promote mental health that span life domains and include both the individual and the group as well as organizational and societal levels. The study indicates that there are multiple potential entry points for stress prevention and stress management. However, it also shows that disease, work situation and social support weigh heavily in the overall picture. This points to the healthcare system and workplace as key institutional venues for action.
Goodwill impairment, M&A, and industry development—Empirical evidence from listed companies in China
Authors: Wen Yadi
Published: August 2023

Goodwill has been a controversial issue in China since 2007 when the new accounting standards changed the subsequent measurement of goodwill from periodic amortization to impairment testing. Using the change in subsequent measurement of goodwill, this paper examines the impact of goodwill accounting on corporate M&A and industry development. The paper finds that adopting the goodwill impairment test significantly increases firms’ M&A incentives, as evidenced by a significant increase in the frequency and probability of M&A and a significant reduction in the time interval between successive M&A at the industry level. From an industrial perspective, the impairment policy has significantly improved industry concentration, total factor productivity, and competitive advantage in international trade across Chinese industries. The positive impact of goodwill impairment policy on M&A is more pronounced among firms with asset-light characteristics or high P/E ratios, and its contribution to industry competitiveness is more pronounced in asset-light or high P/E ratios industries. From the perspective of promoting capital market mergers and acquisitions and industry competitiveness, the article finds that the current goodwill impairment policy can have positive economic consequences. Our study breaks through existing perspectives to provide compelling empirical evidence for the current theoretical and practical controversy over goodwill measurement standards.
Adjuvant therapeutic strategy decision support for an elderly population with localized breast cancer: A monocentric cohort retrospective study
Authors: Fleck Julia L. , Hooijenga Daniëlle , Phan Raksmey , Xie Xiaolan , Augusto Vincent , Heudel Pierre-Etienne
Published: August 2023

Guidelines for the management of elderly patients with early breast cancer are scarce. Additional adjuvant systemic treatment to surgery for early breast cancer in elderly populations is challenged by increasing comorbidities with age. In non-metastatic settings, treatment decisions are often made under considerable uncertainty; this commonly leads to undertreatment and, consequently, poorer outcomes. This study aimed to develop a decision support tool that can help to identify candidate adjuvant post-surgery treatment schemes for elderly breast cancer patients based on tumor and patient characteristics. Our approach was to generate predictions of patient outcomes for different courses of action; these predictions can, in turn, be used to inform clinical decisions for new patients. We used a cohort of elderly patients (≥ 70 years) who underwent surgery with curative intent for early breast cancer to train the models. We tested seven classification algorithms using 5-fold cross-validation, with 80% of the data being randomly selected for training and the remaining 20% for testing. We assessed model performance using accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and AUC score. We used an autoencoder to perform dimensionality reduction prior to classification. We observed consistently better performance using logistic regression and linear discriminant analysis models when compared to the other models we tested. Classification performance generally improved when an autoencoder was used, except for when we predicted the need for adjuvant treatment. We obtained overall best results using a logistic regression model without autoencoding to predict the need for adjuvant treatment (F1-score = 0.869).
Bilateral dislocation of the hip joint and associated pathological changes in the ossa coxae and femora of a European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)
Authors: Kierdorf Uwe , Flohr Stefan , Dullin Christian , Kierdorf Horst
Published: August 2023

We describe a bilateral craniodorsal dislocation of the hip joint in a free-ranging young roe buck and the associated pathological changes in the ossa coxae and femora of the animal. The highly symmetrical dislocation, which is considered to have developed secondary to hip dysplasia, caused the formation of two false acetabula that each consist of several, partially fused bone portions. The femora exhibit symmetrical outgrowths that extend from the greater trochanter along the intertrochanteric crest to the lesser trochanter. Formation of these outgrowths is attributed to abnormal traction at muscle attachment sites due to the displacement of the femora. On radiographic examination, both femora show signs of avascular necrosis in their head regions and of fatty marrow necrosis in their shafts, which is attributed to the damage of the arterial blood supply of the femora that was associated with the dislocation. The fact that, according to the hunter who shot the buck, the animal’s locomotion was inconspicuous suggests that the false hip joints functioned quite well, thereby demonstrating a remarkable capacity of the musculoskeletal system for functional recovery.
Victoria Kent alias Madame Duval
Authors: Katona Eszter
Published: August 2023

A harmincas években a női választójog kapcsán kialakult vitában vált ismertté Spanyolországban Victoria Kent, aki 1924-ben az első nőként került be a madridi ügyvédi kamarába, majd 1931-ben parlamenti képviselő lett a Radikális Szocialista Párt színeiben. Az ő emlékezetét őrzi két mai spanyol dráma (J. López Mozo: Las raíces cortadas; M. A. Morales Montoro: La verdadera identidad de Madame Duval), amelyek rekonstruálják a politikusnő alakját és pályafutását a madridi évektől kezdve, a párizsi száműzetésen át egészen a New York-i letelepedéséig és Louise Crane-nel való párkapcsolatáig. Az említett színdarabok a spanyol kortárs drámán belül az emlékezet színháza (teatro de la memoria) irányzathoz tartoznak, amelynek célja a XX. század két meghatározó spanyol traumájának − a polgárháborúnak és a diktatúrának – a feldolgozása. „A színház az emlékezet művészete” (Juan Mayorga) kijelentésével maximálisan egyetértve jelen tanulmány olyan kérdéseket igyekszik körbejárni az említett spanyol darabok segítségével, mint a történelmi emlékezet, a női identitás, valamint a másság felvállalásának színházi megjelenítése.
A testvérháború emlékezeti háttere
Authors: Huszár Ágnes
Published: August 2023

Vlagyimir Putyin a 2022. május 9-i, a televízió által is sugárzott győzelem napi ünnepélyen a jelenleg Ukrajnában folyó hadműveletet „honvédő háború”-nak (oтечественная вoйнa) nevezte. Ez lehetett a megemlékezés érzelmileg felfokozott állapotában elhangzott „elszólás” is, akkor is belehelyezte az Ukrajna ellen folyó „speciális hadműveletet” Oroszország nagy nemzeti narratívájába. A birodalomépítés céljából indított, és a diktatórikus Oroszországtól lekapcsolódni kívánó Ukrajnát büntetni kívánó hadművelet brutális pusztításhoz vezetett. A NATO-országok katonai segítségnyújtása, valamint az addig szövetséges kaukázusi és közép-ázsiai országok távolságtartása egyre kétségesebbé teszik Putyin győzelmét. A valóságot nem tudja elfedni a hazug orosz háborús propaganda sem.
Elveszett hagyatékok, avagy: Keresd a nőt!
Authors: Bolemant Liliana
Published: August 2023

Elfelejtett írónők után kutatva az elveszett hagyaték fogalmával két szempontból is szembesültem. Az egyik az irodalmi felejtés, a kánonból való kihagyás vagy kiírás jelensége, ami máig oka annak, hogy ismeretlenek a nagyközönség, az olvasók és a diákok számára azok az írónők, akik a maguk korában jelen voltak az irodalomban és aktív részt vállaltak az irodalmi életben. A hagyaték fogalmának második jelentése a valódi, tárgyi jelentés. Kutatásaim során gyakran akadályozott a tárgyi hagyatékok hiánya. Mintha az írónők hagyatékát sem a leszármazottjaik, sem az egyébként elhivatott könyvtárosok és levéltárosok sem tartották volna fontosnak. Így tűnt el rengeteg fontos kutatási anyag, kézirat, feljegyzés, levelezés. A ma még elérhető, megmentendő hagyatékok, művek, gondolatok nyomába eredve próbálok egy olyan női irodalmi hagyományt feleleveníteni, amely új életre kelhet.
Responding to the environmental crisis through education: the imperative for teacher support across all disciplines
Authors: Greer Kate , Walshe Nicola , Kitson Alison , Dillon Justin
Published: August 2023

The most recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report (IPCC, 2023) sets out sobering scenarios about the future for our young people and appeals for “deep, rapid, and sustained reductions in greenhouse gas emissions” (ibid., p. 12). Although technological responses are essential to achieve these reductions, technocratic solutions will not solve the environmental crisis; instead, a widespread societal transformation is needed. Education can play a profound role in this transformation as it is fundamental to building a society with knowledge, skills and wherewithal to boldly tackle climate change as well as the broader environmental crisis. This commentary reflects on multiple dimensions of this role and particularly focuses on schools and the important contribution that all subjects can make towards developing interdisciplinary, complex understandings of the environmental crisis and how we can live more sustainably. Drawing from a recent nation-wide survey of teachers in England carried out by UCLs Centre for Climate Change and Sustainability Education (Greer, Sheldrake, et al., 2023), we highlight a troubling lack of engagement in formal professional development related to climate change and sustainability, even amongst a ‘climate change engaged’ cohort of teachers, and the imperative for comprehensive professional development for teachers from across all disciplines, as part of the response to the environmental crisis.
Existence of minimizers for the SDRI model in 2d: Wetting and dewetting regime with mismatch strain
Authors: Kholmatov Shokhrukh Y. , Piovano Paolo
Published: August 2023

The model introduced in [45] in the framework of the theory on stress-driven rearrangement instabilities (SDRI) [3, 43] for the morphology of crystalline materials under stress is considered. As in [45] and in agreement with the models in [50, 55], a mismatch strain, rather than a Dirichlet condition as in [19], is included into the analysis to represent the lattice mismatch between the crystal and possible adjacent (supporting) materials. The existence of solutions is established in dimension two in the absence of graph-like assumptions and of the restriction to a finite number m of connected components for the free boundary of the region occupied by the crystalline material, thus extending previous results for epitaxially strained thin films and material cavities [6, 35, 34, 45]. Due to the lack of compactness and lower semicontinuity for the sequences of m-minimizers, i.e., minimizers among configurations with at most m connected boundary components, a minimizing candidate is directly constructed, and then shown to be a minimizer by means of uniform density estimates and the convergence of m-minimizers’ energies to the energy infimum as

m
→
∞

{m\to\infty}

. Finally, regularity properties for the morphology satisfied by every minimizer are established.
Mud from Memphis: P.Berl.Bibl. 6 and Fertiliser Production in Roman Egypt
Authors: Chepel Elena
Published: August 2023

The article presents a new edition of P.Berl.Bibl. 6 (= SB I 423), which appears to be an acknowledgement of receipt of a leased ammokopregon ship. It is argued that the ship was used for collecting silt fertiliser in the marshy parts of the Nile near Memphis, and that the name of the ship, Myrismos, is a Greek epithet of the Memphite god of the water lily and of fragrance, Nefertem.
Some Remarks on a New Mime Papyrus (P. Matr. inv. 44+119)
Authors: Favi Federico
Published: August 2023

Starting from a re-interpretation of the reading KEΡATAYΛEI at line 17 of P. Matr. inv. 44+119, this article compares the content of the Madrid mime papyrus with a famous scene of Menander’s Theophoroumene which also relates to the performance of rituals connected with Phrygian cults.
Il “viaggio solitario” come luogo d’incontro con il soprannaturale. Un topos letterario in P.Oxy. XI 1368 (Lolliano, Phoinikika) e nel primo capitolo del Pastore di Erma
Authors: Castelli Emanuele
Published: August 2023

Comparison of the content of P.Oxy. XI 1368, which preserves a fragment of Lollianus’ Phoinikika, with a passage from the first chapter of the Shepherd of Hermas. The similarities between the two passages show that Lollianus and Hermas adopt the same literary motif, namely the topos of the solitary journey, in order to narrate encounters with spirits or other supernatural realities. The same topos is employed in Philostratus’ Life of Apollonius of Tyana IV, 25. Hermas, however, christianizes the motif through some additions.
Nouvelles perspectives dans l’interprétation du signe mélodique en forme de V dans le papyrus musical de Ménandre (P.Oxy. LIII 3705)
Authors: Kaisin Mathilde
Published: August 2023

With the fourteen musical papyri that have been discovered in situ, all dating from the Roman period, the city of Oxyrhynchus, in Middle Egypt, constitutes the largest reservoir of ancient “scores” found up to now. By their fragmentary appearance, these papyri are often difficult to interpret and raise many questions, especially as to the interpretation of certain musical signs they contain. This article aims to open up new perspectives in the study of an enigmatic V-shaped melodic sign in the musical papyri of Menander (P.Oxy. LIII 3705).
Militärdiplome, überliefert durch papyrologische Dokumente
Authors: Eck Werner
Published: August 2023

In the so-called epikrisis documents, soldiers sometimes also presented their citizenship diplomas. From these, an extract in Greek was occasionally included in the administrative records. These have not been considered as fully valid documentation in the collections of military diplomas until now. Therefore, the partially preserved diplomas were not included in the collections. Here three such cases are retranslated into the original Latin form.
„Nachdem er meine Zähne gebrochen hat … griff er mich nochmals an“: Eine neue byzantinische Petition aus der Leipziger Sammlung
Authors: Monte Anna
Published: August 2023

Edition of a papyrus preserved at the Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig which contains the end of a petition, originating probably from Oxyrhynchus and dated on paleographical grounds to the 5th century. Aurelia Anniene files a complaint to the ekdikos against a man, Ioseph, who assaulted her and inflicted serious injuries. She asks for a compensation of eight solidi. The petition might have been signed by the petitioner herself.
Three Documents from the Demosion Logisterion of Hermopolis
Authors: Gascou Jean , Gonis Nikolaos
Published: August 2023

Editions of three papyri published as descriptions in P.Lond. III.
The Provenance of the Robinson and Mississippi Papyri
Authors: Sharp Daniel B.
Published: August 2023

The Robinson Papyri and the Mississippi Papyri were first introduced by William H. Willis at the ninth International Congress of Papyrology. This article deconstructs Willis’s paper and, using archival evidence, reconstructs the provenance and makeup of these two distinct collections, moving past Willis’s presentation to provide the history of both collections since 1958. The author brings to light the cross contamination and mislabeling between the Robinson and Mississippi Papyri collections caused by Willis and argues that some pieces published as “Robinson Papyri” are parts of other collections.
Comprehensive study of the radiation shielding feature of polyester polymers impregnated with iron filings
Authors: Al-Saleh Wafa M. , Dahi Mai R. H. , Sayyed M. I. , Almutairi Haifa M. , Saleh I. H. , Elsafi Mohamed
Published: August 2023

Radiation and nuclear technologies have side effects in addition to their important applications, so appropriate shields must be used to protect users and the public from high doses as a result of exposure to this radiation. In this work, the attenuation coefficients for polyester composites doped with waste iron filings (IFs) were studied. Six samples of different IF concentrations were manufactured, namely, Poly, Poly-IF20, Poly-IF30, Poly-IF40, Poly-IF50, and Poly-IF60 (where Poly-IF60 represents 40% polyester and 60% IF). We measured the attenuation factors using high purity germanium (HPGe)-detector along with three radioactive sources 241Am (emitting energy of 0.06 MeV), 137Cs (emitting energy of 0.662 MeV), and Co-60 (emitting energy of 1.173 and 1.333 MeV). We compared the linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) obtained by theoretical (i.e., XCOM software) and experimental (i.e., HPGe-detector) approaches for the prepared polyester composites at various photon energies (0.060, 0.662, 1.173, and 1.333 MeV). The greatest difference between the LAC values of the samples occurs at 0.060 MeV, where the Poly-IF60 sample has a much greater LAC than the other shields, followed by the Poly-IF50 sample, Poly-IF40 sample, and so on until the pure polyester shield. Specifically, their values are equal to 0.245, 0.622, 0.873, 1.187, 1.591, and 2.129 cm−1 for Poly, Poly-IF20, Poly-IF30, Poly-IF40, Poly-IF50, and Poly-IF60, respectively. We calculated the transmission factor (TF) and the radiation shielding efficiency (RSE), and found that the TF for Poly-IF30 is equal to 28.82%, 77.94%, 82.75%, and 83.75% at 0.060, 0.662, 1.173, and 1.333, respectively, while its RSE is equal to 82.57%, 24.00%, 18.80%, and 17.72%, respectively. The fast neutron removal cross-section (FNRC) of the polyester samples was calculated and the values increase when more Ifs are added to the samples. More specifically, the FNRC values are equal to 0.095, 0.100, 0.103, 0.107, 0.110, and 0.113 cm−1 for Poly, Poly-IF20, Poly-IF30, Poly-IF40, Poly-IF50, and Poly-IF60, respectively.
K-theory of flag Bott manifolds
Authors: Paul Bidhan , Uma Vikraman
Published: August 2023

The aim of this paper is to describe the topological K-ring
in terms of generators and relations of a flag Bott manifold. We apply
our results to give a presentation for the topological K-ring,
and hence the Grothendieck ring of algebraic vector bundles over flag Bott–Samelson varieties.
Some results on Seshadri constants of vector bundles
Authors: Biswas Indranil , Hanumanthu Krishna , Misra Snehajit
Published: August 2023

We study Seshadri constants of certain ample vector bundles on projective varieties. Our main
motivation is the following question: Under what conditions are the Seshadri constants of ample vector
bundles at least 1 at all points of the variety? We exhibit some conditions under which this
question has an affirmative answer. We primarily consider ample bundles on projective spaces
and Hirzebruch surfaces. We also show that Seshadri constants of ample vector bundles can be
arbitrarily small.
On extreme values of the queue length in some queuing systems
Authors: Akbash Kateryna , Doronina Natalia , Matsak Ivan
Published: August 2023

In this paper, the rate of convergence to the exponential
distribution in the limit theorem for extreme values of the queue
length in queuing systems

M
/
G
/
1

{M/G/1}

and

G
/
M
/
1

{G/M/1}

are
studied.
In proving these results, we first prove one general boundary theorem for extremal values of regenerative processes, which is of independent interest.
This topic is closely related to the task of the first passage times to rare sets by the regenerative process. The need for such research arises in many areas: the mathematical theory of reliability, queuing theory, some statistical problems of physics.
Multiplicity of solutions for Schrödinger–Bopp–Podolsky systems
Authors: Jia Chun-Rong , Li Lin , Chen Shang-Jie , O’Regan Donal
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we study the existence and multiplicity of solutions for the Schrödinger–Bopp–Podolsky system

{

-

Δ
⁢
u

+

V
⁢

(
x
)

⁢
u

+

ϕ
⁢
u

=

f
⁢

(
u
)

+

λ
⁢

|
u
|

4

⁢
u

in 
⁢

ℝ
3

,

-

Δ
⁢
ϕ

+

a
2

⁢

Δ
2

⁢
ϕ

=

4
⁢
π
⁢

u
2

in 
⁢

ℝ
3

,

\left\{\begin{aligned} \displaystyle{-}\Delta u+V(x)u+\phi u&\displaystyle=f(u%
)+\lambda|u|^{4}u&&\displaystyle\phantom{}\text{in }\mathbb{R}^{3},\\
\displaystyle{-}\Delta\phi+a^{2}\Delta^{2}\phi&\displaystyle=4\pi u^{2}&&%
\displaystyle\phantom{}\text{in }\mathbb{R}^{3},\end{aligned}\right.

where

x
∈

ℝ
3

{x\in\mathbb{R}^{3}}

,

a
>
0

{a>0}

,

V
⁢

(
x
)

∈

𝒞
⁢

(

ℝ
3

,
ℝ
)

{V(x)\in\mathcal{C}(\mathbb{R}^{3},\mathbb{R})}

.
Using variational methods and the symmetric mountain pass theorem, we establish the existence of multiple solutions for this system.
Direct and inverse source problem for 2D Landau Hamiltonian operator
Authors: Toshtemirov Bakhodirjon
Published: August 2023

In the present paper, the unique solvability of the direct and inverse source problems for the pseudo-parabolic equation involving the bi-ordinal Hilfer fractional derivative and 2D Landau Hamiltonian operator is considered. Applying the Fourier analysis for the operator Landau Hamiltonian, the theorems of uniqueness and existence of solutions to direct and inverse source problems are proved. In the investigation of the inverse source problem, we have used the value of unknown function at the final time in order to find the right-hand side of the equation. It is also presented the stability result of the inverse problem.
On generalized lifeguard problem
Authors: Sazandrishvili Natia
Published: August 2023

We consider a generalization of an extremal problem known as the lifeguard problem. In particular, we give
a geometric characterization of the optimal path and an algorithm for computing the minimal rescue time.
Euler-type integrals for the generalized hypergeometric matrix function
Authors: Pal Ankit , Kumari Kiran
Published: August 2023

The special matrix functions have received significant attention in many fields, such as theoretical physics, number theory, probability theory, and the theory of group representations. In 2017, Dwivedi and Sahai introduced the generalized hypergeometric matrix function using matrix parameters and proved the convergence on

|
z
|

=
1

{|z|=1}

. Recently, hypergeometric matrix functions and their potential applications have played a major role in mathematical physics and engineering. Motivated by aforesaid works and in order to enrich this flourishing field, we investigate the Euler-type integral representations for the generalized hypergeometric matrix function and determine various transformations in terms of hypergeometric matrix functions. Furthermore, unit and half arguments have been provided for several particular cases.
Precise unbiased estimation in randomized experiments using auxiliary observational data
Authors: Gagnon-Bartsch Johann A. , Sales Adam C. , Wu Edward , Botelho Anthony F. , Erickson John A. , Miratrix Luke W. , Heffernan Neil T.
Published: August 2023

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) admit unconfounded design-based inference – randomization largely justifies the assumptions underlying statistical effect estimates – but often have limited sample sizes. However, researchers may have access to big observational data on covariates and outcomes from RCT nonparticipants. For example, data from A/B tests conducted within an educational technology platform exist alongside historical observational data drawn from student logs. We outline a design-based approach to using such observational data for variance reduction in RCTs. First, we use the observational data to train a machine learning algorithm predicting potential outcomes using covariates and then use that algorithm to generate predictions for RCT participants. Then, we use those predictions, perhaps alongside other covariates, to adjust causal effect estimates with a flexible, design-based covariate-adjustment routine. In this way, there is no danger of biases from the observational data leaking into the experimental estimates, which are guaranteed to be exactly unbiased regardless of whether the machine learning models are “correct” in any sense or whether the observational samples closely resemble RCT samples. We demonstrate the method in analyzing 33 randomized A/B tests and show that it decreases standard errors relative to other estimators, sometimes substantially.
Tensor tomography of the residual stress field in graded-index YAG’s single crystals
Authors: Puro Alfred , Marin Egor
Published: August 2023

This work presents an application of tensor field tomography for non-destructive reconstructions of axially symmetric residual stresses in a graded-index YAG single crystal for the case of beam deflection. The axis of the cylinder coincides with the crystallographic axis [001] of the single crystal and it has an axially symmetric refractive index distribution. The transformation of the polarization of light is measured in a plane orthogonal to the axis of the cylinder. Stresses are determined within the framework of the Maxwell piezo-optic law (linear dependence of the permittivity tensor on stresses) and small rotation of quasi principal stress axes. This paper generalizes the method of integrated photoelasticity for the case of ray deflection.
The impact of abnormal maternal body mass index during pregnancy on perinatal outcomes: a registry-based study from Qatar
Authors: Lawand Ghinwa , Minisha Fathima , Yaqoub Salwa Abu , Al Dewik Nader , Al Rifai Hilal , Farrell Thomas
Published: August 2023

Objectives

Abnormal body mass index (BMI) during pregnancy, a growing public health concern, increases maternal and neonatal complications. This study aimed to investigate the impact of abnormal BMI on perinatal outcomes compared to normal BMI.

Methods

A total of 14,624 women having singleton births were categorized as underweight (BMI<18.5 kg/m2), overweight (25.0–29.9 kg/m2), obesity class I (30.0–34.9 kg/m2), obesity class II (35.0–39.9 kg/m2), and obesity class III (≥40.0 kg/m2) and compared to those with normal BMI (18.5–24.9 kg/m2). Outcomes included gestational diabetes (GDM), gestational hypertension (GHT), postpartum haemorrhage (PPH), cesarean delivery (CD), preterm birth (PTB), low birth weight (LBW), congenital anomalies and neonatal intensive care unit admission.

Results

Women with increasing BMI had increasingly higher odds of developing specific adverse outcomes, the highest being in the class III obesity group (GDM-aOR 2.71, 95 % CI 2.25–3.27, p<0.001, GHT-aOR 5.32 95 % CI 3.49–8.11, p<0.001, CD-aOR 2.33 95 % CI 1.85–2.94, p<0.001, PPH-aOR 1.77 95 % CI 1.35–2.33, p<0.001). On the other hand, being underweight during pregnancy was associated with increased odds of PTB (aOR 2.09, 95 % CI 1.37–3.20, p=0.001), LBW (OR 1.88, 95 % CI 1.27–2.79, p=0.002) and congenital anomalies (aOR 2.52 95 % CI 1.12–5.64, p=0.025). Majority in the underweight category gained less than expected gestational weight gain during the pregnancy.

Conclusions

The findings of this study have important implications for the clinical management of pregnant women with abnormal BMI. Interventions to improve maternal and neonatal outcomes must focus on enhancing pre-pregnancy BMI and maintaining adequate gestational weight gain.
Delay Ait-Sahalia-type interest rate model with jumps and its strong approximation
Authors: Coffie Emmanuel
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we study the analytical properties of the true solution to the generalised delay Ait-Sahalia-type interest rate model with Poisson-driven jumps. Since this model does not have a closed-form solution, we employ several new truncated Euler-Maruyama (EM) techniques to investigate the finite-time strong convergence theory of the numerical solution under the local Lipschitz condition plus the Khasminskii-type condition. We justify the strong convergence result for Monte Carlo calibration and valuation of some debt and derivative instruments.
Impact of cavity and ramp configuration on the combustion performance of a strut-based scramjet combustor
Authors: Jeyakumar Suppandi Pillai , Patale Akash Shrikant , Sharma Prince
Published: August 2023

The flow performance of a dual wall-mounted cavity in a strut-injector scramjet combustor in steady reacting flow conditions is computationally analyzed. A baseline configuration corresponding to DLR experiments and two proposed configurations with varying bottom wall cavity depth and fixed top wall ramp is considered. Steady-flow computations are performed using the 2-D Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes method with k-ω SST turbulence closure coupled and single-step reaction chemistry. The calculated flow patterns, density, pressure, and temperature fields are compared with shadowgraph and wall pressure measurements from DLR experiments. The cavity and strut are mounted downstream of the strut to analyze the shock patterns and their interference with the shear layer mixing features. The estimated flow patterns, density, pressure, and temperature fields are compared with shadowgraph and wall pressure measurements from DLR experiments. Incorporating cavity and ramp configuration provides earlier complete combustion compared to the baseline model, with a marginal rise in the total pressure caused by additional shock wave formation that emanates from the corners of the cavity and ramp. The combustion zone widens in the lateral direction as the cavity shifts the shock train downstream of the strut injector owing to intense shock shear layer interactions.
Green synthesis of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoflakes using vegetables extracts and their magnetic, structural and antibacterial properties evaluation
Authors: Majid Farzana , Bashir Mahwish , Bibi Ismat , Ayub Maida , Khan Babar Shahzad , Somaily Hamoud H. , Al-Mijalli Samiah H. , Nazir Arif , Iqbal Shahid , Iqbal Munawar
Published: August 2023

In view of ecobenign nature of green synthesis, iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoflakes are synthesized via a green route. Three different vegetables (spinach, broccoli and pumpkin) extracts were used for the synthesis of Fe3O4 nanoflakes. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses confirm the formation of face centered cubic Fe3O4, while SEM analysis revealed the formation of nanoflakes. FTIR also confirm the Fe–O bands at 478 and 590 (cm−1) and the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was observed at 280 nm. The magnetic properties were also investigated and Fe3O4 prepared using spinach extract shows relatively low saturation magnetization (Ms) of ∼66 emu/g as compared to pumpkin (105 emu/g) and broccoli (130 emu/g) with ∼25Oe coercivity value. The antibacterial activity of Fe3O4 nanoflakes was studied against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and a highly promising antibacterial activity was observed. Results revealed that the Fe3O4 nanoflakes prepared via a green route could have potential applications in biomedical field.
Peak Running Velocity vs. Critical Speed: Which One Is Better to Prescribe Endurance Training to Recreational Runners?
Authors: Figueiredo Diogo H. , Figueiredo Diego H. , Manoel Francisco A. , Machado Fabiana A.
Published: August 2023

Figueiredo, DH, Figueiredo, DH, Manoel, FA, and Machado, FA. Peak running velocity vs. critical speed: which one is better to prescribe endurance training to recreational runners? J Strength Cond Res 37(9): 1783–1788, 2023—This study aimed to evaluate the effects of 5 weeks of training prescribed by peak running velocity obtained on the track (Vpeak_TR) and their respective time limit (Tlim), as well as by critical speed (CS), on physiological and endurance performance parameters in recreational runners. Twenty-two male runners were distributed into a Vpeak_TR group (GVP) and CS group (GCS) with a predefined program, alternating moderate-intensity continuous training and high-intensity interval training. Maximum oxygen uptake (V̇O2max), and its respective velocity (vV̇O2max), Vpeak_TR, Tlim at 100% Vpeak_TR, 5-km running performance, CS, and D’ (maximum distance covered above CS) were assessed at pretraining and posttraining period. There was a significant increase from pretraining to posttraining in Vpeak_TR (GVP = 4.5 ± 3.1% vs. GCS = 7.5 ± 4.2%), vV̇O2max (GVP = 3.9 ± 3.8% vs. GCS = 8.6 ± 6.7%), and mean velocity 5-km (GVP = 5.6 ± 3.3% vs. GCS = 7.3 ± 3.5%) and decrease in 5-km time (GVP = −5.1 ± 3.0% vs. GCS = −6.8 ± 3.0%). CS and V̇O2max significantly improved in GCS (9.3 ± 8.4% and 6.0 ± 6.8%, respectively), with no difference for GVP (2.8 ± 5.6% and 1.3 ± 8.4%, respectively). No differences were observed between groups for all variables. These findings give further supports to the notion that both variables obtained on the track are valid tools to prescribed training in recreational runners.
Effects of High-Intensity, Eccentric-Only Muscle Actions on Serum Biomarkers of Collagen Degradation and Synthesis
Authors: Neltner Tyler J. , Sahoo Prakash K. , Smith Robert W. , Anders John Paul V. , Arnett Jocelyn E. , Ortega Dolores G. , Schmidt Richard J. , Johnson Glen O. , Natarajan Sathish Kumar , Housh Terry J.
Published: August 2023

Neltner, TJ, Sahoo, PK, Smith, RW, Anders, JPV, Arnett, JE, Ortega, DG, Schmidt, RJ, Johnson, GO, Natarajan, SK, and Housh, TJ. Effects of high-intensity, eccentric-only muscle actions on serum biomarkers of collagen degradation and synthesis. J Strength Cond Res 37(9): 1729–1737, 2023—The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of high-intensity, eccentric-only muscle actions of the leg extensors on (a) serum biomarkers of collagen degradation (hydroxyproline [HYP] and C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen [C1M]) and synthesis (pro-c1α1) and (b) the time course of changes in maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) and ratings of muscle soreness after the eccentric-only exercise bout. Twenty-five recreationally active men (mean ± SD: age = 21.2 ± 2.0 years) completed 5 sets of 10 bilateral, eccentric-only dynamic constant external resistance muscle actions of the leg extensors at a load of 110% of their concentric leg extension 1 repetition maximum. Analysis of variances (p < 0.05) and a priori planned pairwise comparisons using Bonferroni corrected (p < 0.0167) paired t tests were used to examine mean changes in blood biomarkers from baseline to 48 hours postexercise as well as in MVIC and soreness ratings immediately, 24 hours, and 48 hours postexercise. There were increases in HYP (3.41 ± 2.37 to 12.37 ± 8.11 μg·ml−1; p < 0.001) and C1M (2.50 ± 1.05 to 5.64 ± 4.89 μg·L−1; p = 0.003) from preexercise to 48 hours postexercise, but no change in pro-c1α1. Maximal voluntary isometric contraction declined immediately after the exercise bout (450.44 ± 72.80 to 424.48 ± 66.67 N·m; p = 0.002) but recovered 24 hours later, whereas soreness was elevated immediately (6.56 ± 1.58; p < 0.001), 24 hours (3.52 ± 1.53; p < 0.001), and 48 hours (2.60 ± 1.32; p = 0.001) postexercise. The eccentric-only exercise bout induced increases in collagen degradation but had no effect on collagen synthesis. These findings provide information for clinicians to consider when prescribing exercise after an acute injury or surgery.
Synergistic Dominance Induced by Hip Extension Exercise Alters Biomechanics and Muscular Activity During Sprinting and Suggests a Potential Link to Hamstring Strain
Authors: Iguchi Junta , Hojo Tatsuya , Fujisawa Yoshihiko , Kuzuhara Kenji , Yanase Ko , Hirono Tetsuya , Koyama Yumiko , Tateuchi Hiroshige , Ichihashi Noriaki
Published: August 2023

Iguchi, J, Hojo, T, Fujisawa, Y, Kuzuhara, K, Yanase, K, Hirono, T, Koyama, Y, Tateuchi, H, and Ichihashi, N. Synergistic dominance induced by hip extension exercise alters biomechanics and muscular activity during sprinting and suggests a potential link to hamstring strain. J Strength Cond Res 37(9): 1770–1776, 2023—Hamstring strain is likely to occur during the late swing phase or the first half of the stance phase in sprinting. During the late swing phase, the hamstrings and gluteus maximus (Gmax) contract eccentrically to decelerate the lower limb. We hypothesized that, when the Gmax becomes dysfunctional because of delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), the hamstring workload is increased (i.e., there is synergetic dominance), which could lead to an increased risk of strain. A total of healthy 15 male undergraduate or graduate students (age 23.1 ± 1.28 years) were recruited to perform exercises and maximal sprints. On day 1, before subjects performing DOMS-causing exercises, and on day 3, while subjects were experiencing DOMS in the Gmax, lower-limb biomechanical and muscle activity data were recorded using a motion analysis system and electromyography (EMG), respectively. Data were analyzed and compared between day 1 and day 3. Hip flexion angle on day 3 was significantly lower than that on day 1, but the opposite was true for the knee flexion angle (P < 0.05). Vastus medialis (VM), biceps femoris (BF), and Gmax muscle activities on day 3 were significantly higher than those on day 1 (P < 0.05). Peak propulsive forces on day 3 were significantly higher than those on day 1 (P < 0.05). Kinematic changes such as decreased hip flexion angle and EMG changes such as increased BF EMG activity on day 3 to compensate for the loss of function of the Gmax may potentially increase the risk of hamstring strain.
Will the Real Caravelle Manifesto Please Stand Up? A Critique and a New Translation
Authors: Tran Nu-Anh
Published: August 2023

The Caravelle Manifesto of 1960 is arguably the most famous document ever produced by the political opposition in the Republic of Vietnam. Although domestically censored at the time, a published translation of the manifesto appeared abroad and became the standard version of the document in the English-speaking world. Yet this widely available translation is profoundly flawed. I have located what appears to be the original Vietnamese version, and I authenticate it through internal textual analysis and a comparison with earlier, more obscure translations. I urge scholars to adopt this version as the new standard and offer a more accurate translation.
The Inconvenience of Tradition
Authors: Sidnell Jack
Published: August 2023

In the early 1930s, the well-known man of letters Phan Khôi wrote a series of essays about the Vietnamese language in which he advanced a number of proposals for reform. I focus on those arguments that are specifically concerned with the practices for referring to persons and, in particular, the practices for referring to participants in communication (i.e., speaker-addressee, writer-reader). I suggest that these arguments articulate a vision for Vietnamese public life that was imagined as breaking from the legacy of a Confucian past and establishing the conditions for the free flow of discourse among self-abstracted individuals.
Functional hypogonadism in adolescence: an overlooked cause of secondary hypogonadism
Authors: Esquivel-Zuniga Rebeca , Rogol Alan D
Published: August 2023

Hypogonadism is a clinical syndrome resulting from failure to produce physiological concentrations of sex steroid hormones with accompanying symptoms, such as slowed growth and delayed pubertal maturation. Hypogonadism may arise from gonadal disease (primary hypogonadism), dysfunction of the hypothalamic–pituitary axis (secondary hypogonadism) or functional hypogonadism. Disrupted puberty (delayed or absent) leading to hypogonadism can have a significant impact on both the physical and psychosocial well-being of adolescents with lasting effects. The diagnosis of hypogonadism in teenagers can be challenging as the most common cause of delayed puberty in both sexes is self-limited, also known as constitutional delay of growth and puberty (CDGP). Although an underlying congenital cause should always be considered in a teenager with hypogonadism, acquired conditions such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, other chronic diseases and medications have all been associated with low sex steroid hormone levels. In this review, we highlight some forms of functional hypogonadism in adolescents and the clinical challenges to differentiate normal variants from pathological states.
Effects of adipocyte-specific Dkk1 deletion on bone homeostasis and obesity-induced bone loss in male mice
Authors: Daamouch Souad , Thiele Sylvia , Hofbauer Lorenz , Rauner Martina
Published: August 2023

The link between obesity and low bone strength has become a significant medical concern. The canonical Wnt signaling pathway is a key regulator of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into either osteoblasts or adipocytes with active Wnt signaling promoting osteoblastogenesis. Our previous research indicated that Dickkopf-1 (Dkk1), a Wnt inhibitor, is upregulated in bone tissue in obesity and that osteoblast-derived Dkk1 drives obesity-induced bone loss. However, Dkk1 is also produced by adipocytes, but the impact of adipogenic Dkk1 on bone remodeling and its role in obesity-induced bone loss remain unclear. Thus, in this study, we investigated the influence of adipogenic Dkk1 on bone homeostasis and obesity-induced bone loss in mice. To that end, deletion of Dkk1 in adipocytes was induced by tamoxifen administration into 8-week-old male Dkk1fl/fl;AdipoQcreERT2 mice. Bone and fat mass were analyzed at 12 and 20 weeks of age. Obesity was induced in 8-week-old male Dkk1fl/fl;AdipoQcre mice with a high-fat diet (HFD) rich in saturated fats for 12 weeks. We observed that 12-week-old male mice without adipogenic Dkk1 had a significant increase in trabecular bone volume in the vertebrae and femoral bones. While histological and serological bone formation markers were not different, the number of osteoclasts and adipocytes was decreased in the vertebral bones of Dkk1fl/fl;AdipoQcre-positive mice. Despite the increased bone mass in 12-week-old male mice, at 20 weeks of age, there was no difference in the bone volume between the controls and Dkk1fl/fl;AdipoQcre-positive mice. Also, Dkk1fl/fl;AdipoQcre-positive mice were not protected from HFD-induced bone loss. Even though mRNA expression levels of Sost, another important Wnt inhibitor, in bone from Dkk1-deficient mice fed with HFD were decreased compared to Dkk1-sufficient mice on an HFD, this did not prevent the HFD-induced suppression of bone formation. In conclusion, adipogenic Dkk1 may play a transient role in bone mass regulation during adolescence, but it does not contribute to bone homeostasis or obesity-induced bone loss later in life.
Judicial Pardon of Punishment: An Evaluative and Comparative Review
Authors: Mohamed Gehad , Qudah Mouaid Al
Published: August 2023

Unlike other laws, under the UAE Code of crimes and punishments No. (31) of 2021, the concept of judicial pardon of punishment refers to the legal authority vested in a judicial system to grant forgiveness or leniency to individuals who have been found guilty of a crime. Judicial pardon serves as a mechanism for eliminating the prescribed penalties for certain offenses. Comparative analysis reveals that the granting of a judicial pardon is typically based on a range of factors, such as the nature of the offense, the severity of the punishment, the individual's behavior, the presence of extenuating circumstances, and considerations of justice and fairness. It allows the judicial system to exercise discretion and flexibility in recognizing cases where the application of the prescribed punishment may be deemed unnecessary or where rehabilitation and reintegration into society have been successfully demonstrated. The decision to grant or deny a pardon rests within the discretion of the judiciary, considering the best interests of society, the rights of victims, and the individual's potential for reform. Thus, pardoning punishment can have significant implications for the convicted individual, as it offers the opportunity for a fresh start and a second chance at rebuilding their life. Yet, the analysis indicates that there is room for improving the legal structure of judicial pardon under the UAE Law and points out towards some possible deeper structure reforms.
Disease Perception and Social Order in Yi Traditional Ritual Therapy
Authors: Lei ChunXiang , Chao Yang
Published: August 2023

Perspectives of the Yunnan Hongyi towards disease are closely related to their religion and culture. In the culture of the Hongyi, the causes of diseases are categorized into three factors: the soul; the ghost; and uncleansed (object/s). Whenever their people are feeling unwell, they will perform rituals to cure their illness. They have three different ritual therapies: namely, change of soul ritual; farewell to ghost ritual; and the Tutou ritual, each corresponding to the three factors causing illness. Through the performance space and ritual habits of these three healing rituals, the Hongyi achieve the purity and integrity of humans, integrating their view of various medical systems and their religious world via bodily experience, reorganizing the relationship between human and supernatural forces, and ultimately returning to the social order.