bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling technique in the P-Graph framework for operating units with flexible input ratios
Authors: Éles András , Heckl István , Cabezas Heriberto
Published: June 2020

The P-Graph framework is an efficient tool that deals with the solution of Process Network Synthesis (PNS) problems. The model uses a bipartite graph of material and operating unit nodes, with arcs representing material flow. The framework includes combinatorial algorithms to identify solution structures, and an underlying linear model to be solved by the Accelerated Branch and Bound algorithmic method. An operating unit node in a P-Graph consumes its input materials and produces its products in a fixed ratio of operation volume. This makes it inadequate in modeling such real-world operations where input composition may vary, and may also be subject to specific constraints. Recent works address such cases by directly manipulating the generated mathematical model with linear programming constraints. In this work, a new general method is introduced which allows the modeling of operations with flexible input ratios and linear constraints in general, solely by tools provided by the P-Graph framework itself. This includes representing the operation with ordinary nodes and setting up their properties correctly. We also investigate how our method affects the solution structures for the PNS problem which is crucial for the performance of algorithms in the framework. The method is demonstrated in a case study where sustainable energy generation for a plant is present, and the different types of available biomass introduce a high level of flexibility, while consumption limitations may still apply.
The Catalysing Effect of the Rome Statute in Africa: Positive Complementarity and Self-Referrals
Authors: Hobbs Patricia
Published: June 2020

The International Criminal Court’s (ICC) policy and practice of self-referrals has attracted some degree of academic criticism. This has been due partly because the procedure itself was, according to some opinions, never quite envisaged in the original Rome Statute, and partly because the concept of a State self-referral appears to contradict the Rome Statute objective of the ICC as a Court of complementarity. Following Gabon’s self-referral in 2016, and in view of the recent termination of the ICC Prosecutor’s Preliminary Examinations in Gabon, this paper argues that African States’ self-referral practice continues to represent a step backwards for African local justice and accountability. The fact that in this particular situation the necessary threshold was not met is actually not relevant for the argument put forward in this paper, namely that this practice should now be put under scrutiny rather than accepting, at face value, a self-referral whenever an (African) State proposes it. The strengthening of local accountability and the transformation of the local justice landscape should be considered as the ICC long-term objectives, and more dialogue (as well as political pressure) should be contemplated in order to gently coerce States to take on investigations and prosecutions of international crimes.
Empathic Accuracy in Female Adolescents with Conduct Disorder and Sex Differences in the Relationship Between Conduct Disorder and Empathy
Authors: Martin-Key N. A. , Allison G. , Fairchild G.
Published: June 2020

Research on empathy in youth with Conduct Disorder (CD) has primarily focused on males, with the few studies that have investigated empathy in females relying on questionnaire measures. Our primary aim was to investigate whether females with CD show empathy deficits when using a more ecologically-valid task. We used an empathic accuracy (EA) paradigm that involved watching videos of actors recalling emotional experiences and providing continuous ratings of emotional intensity (assessing EA), naming the emotion expressed (emotion recognition), and reporting whether they shared the emotion expressed (affective empathy). We compared 23 females with CD and 29 typically-developing (TD) adolescents aged 13–18 years. The CD sample was divided into subgroups with higher (CD/CU+) versus lower (CD/CU−) levels of callous-unemotional traits. Females with CD did not differ from TD females in EA or emotion recognition but exhibited reduced affective empathy responses (ps < 0.01, rs ≥ 0.39). The CD/CU+ and CD/CU− subgroups did not differ on any empathy measure. We also assessed for sex differences in CD-empathy associations by comparing the present data with archive data from males. CD adolescents exhibited impairments in EA relative to their TD counterparts overall (p < 0.05, ηp2 = 0.06), but there was no sex-by-diagnosis interaction. While females with CD were only impaired in affective empathy, males with CD exhibited emotion recognition and affective empathy deficits. This study demonstrates that females with CD show relatively specific impairments in affective empathy on an ecologically-valid task, whereas males with CD display more global empathic difficulties.
Variations in respiratory rate do not reflect changes in tidal volume or minute ventilation after major abdominal surgery
Authors: van den Bosch O. F. C. , Alvarez-Jimenez R. , Stam M. M. H. , den Boer F. C. , Loer S. A.
Published: June 2020

Monitoring of postoperative pulmonary function usually includes respiratory rate and oxygen saturation measurements. We hypothesized that changes in postoperative respiratory rate do not correlate with changes in tidal volume or minute ventilation. In addition, we hypothesized that variability of minute ventilation and tidal volume is larger than variability of respiratory rate. Respiratory rate and changes in tidal volume and in minute ventilation were continuously measured in 27 patients during 24 h following elective abdominal surgery, using an impedance-based non-invasive respiratory volume monitor (ExSpiron, Respiratory Motion, Waltham, MA, US). Coefficients of variation were used as a measure for variability of respiratory rate, tidal volume and minute ventilation. Data of 38,149 measurements were analyzed. We found no correlation between respiratory rate and tidal volume or minute ventilation (r2 = 0.02 and 0.01). Mean respiratory rate increased within the first 24 h after abdominal surgery from 13.9 ± 2.5 to 16.2 ± 2.4 breaths/min (p = 0.008), while tidal volume and minute ventilation remained unchanged (p = 0.90 and p = 0.18). Of interest, variability of respiratory rate (0.21 ± 0.06) was significantly smaller than variability of tidal volume (0.37 ± 0.12, p < 0.001) and minute ventilation (0.41 ± 0.12, p < 0.001). Changes in postoperative respiratory rate do not allow conclusions about changes in tidal volume or minute ventilation. We suggest that postoperative alveolar hypoventilation may not be recognized by monitoring respiratory rate alone. Variability of respiratory rate is smaller than variability in tidal volume and minute ventilation, suggesting that adaptations of alveolar ventilation to metabolic needs may be predominately achieved by variations in tidal volume.
Refocusing loyalty programs in the era of big data: a societal lens paradigm
Authors: Stourm Valeria , Neslin Scott A. , Bradlow Eric T. , Breugelmans Els , Chun So Yeon , Gardete Pedro , Kannan P. K. , Kopalle Praveen , Park Young-Hoon , Amariles David Restrepo , Thomadsen Raphael , Liu-Thompkins Yuping , Venkatesan Rajkumar
Published: June 2020

Big data and technological change have enabled loyalty programs to become more prevalent and complex. How these developments influence society has been overlooked, both in academic research and in practice. We argue why this issue is important and propose a framework to refocus loyalty programs in the era of big data through asocietal lens. We focus on three aspects of the societal lens—inequality, privacy, and sustainability. We discuss how loyalty programs in the big data era impact each of these societal factors, and then illustrate how, by adopting this societal lens paradigm, researchers and practitioners can generate insights and ideas that address the challenges and opportunities that arise from the interaction between loyalty programs and society. Our goal is to broaden the perspectives of researchers and managers so they can enhance loyalty programs to address evolving societal needs.
Prevalence of potential drug–drug interactions in outpatients of a general hospital in China: a retrospective investigation
Authors: Ren Weifang , Liu Yujuan , Zhang Jun , Fang Zhonghong , Fang Huan , Gong Yuan , Lv Xiaoqun
Published: June 2020

Background Potential drug–drug interactions are important factors resulting in adverse drug reactions or therapeutic failure. Therefore, potential drug–drug interactions need to be identified to prevent the related risk and improve drug safety. Objective This study was designed to determine the prevalence of potential drug–drug interactions and investigate the association of potential drug–drug interactions with characteristics in outpatient prescriptions. Setting A large-scale general university hospital in Jinshan District of Shanghai, China. Method The retrospective study was conducted on data obtained from prescriptions containing two or more drugs, written for outpatients older than 18 years. They were screened for potential drug–drug interactions using Lexi-Interact in UpToDate, Stockley’s Drug Interactions and Medicine Specification in the order of priority. Main outcome measure Drug–drug interactions with C, D, X risk rating and clinical parameters recorded at the prescriptions. Results 16,120 prescriptions were screened for the presence of potential drug–drug interactions and 4882 (30.29%) prescriptions containing 6667 potential drug–drug interactions were identified. Among 6667 potential drug–drug interactions, 90.81% (6054/6667), 8.49% (566/6667), 0.70% (47/6667) potential drug–drug interactions belonged to the risk category of C, D and X, respectively. Male, old age and polypharmacy increased the likelihood of potential drug–drug interactions. The most frequently prescribed drugs responsible for potential drug–drug interactions included pioglitazone, dihydrocodeine, thalidomide, sotalol, amiodarone and amlodipine. The predominant potential adverse outcome of potential drug–drug interactions was the increased central nervous system suppression function with the mechanism of reinforced pharmacological effects. Conclusion This study showed that potentially significant drug–drug interactions in outpatients were prevalent in real-world practice. Considering the risk of potential clinical consequences related to potential drug–drug interactions, it is necessary to implement the computerized surveillance and warning systems with drug–drug interactions databases as well as develop the clinical guidelines regarding the widespread potential drug–drug interactions.
High-volume online haemodiafiltration treatment and outcome of end-stage renal disease patients: more than one mode
Authors: Schiffl Helmut
Published: June 2020

The reduction of the dismally high mortality of current end-stage renal disease patients maintained on conventional standard haemodialysis (HD) remains an unmet medical need. Online haemodiafiltration (HDF) modes with various sites of fluid substitution (post-, pre-, mixed- and mid-dilution) are increasingly used worldwide as promising alternatives to conventional HD. Large scale cohort studies, post hoc analyses of randomized trials, and individual participant meta-analyses suggest that post-dilution and pre-dilution, especially with high substitution volumes, improve outcomes compared with conventional standard HD. However, there is no definitive proof of a survival advantage of HDF over standard HD. The different modes of high-volume HDF should be considered a therapeutic platform allowing to personalize and tailor routine HDF treatment. The selection of the HDF mode should be made according to individual patient characteristics. Utilizing high retention onset membranes, expanded haemodialysis (HDx) can achieve the same solute removal performance as HDF. Subgroups of high-volume OL-HDF patients could benefit from HDx. Ongoing and future trials should provide definitive proof for the superiority of high-volume OL-HDF over conventional HD or HDx to give guidance for the most favourable mode of dialytic therapy for clinical use.
Cross motor innervation of the hypoglossal nerve—a pilot study of predictors for successful opening of the soft palate
Authors: Heiser Clemens , Vanderveken Olivier M. , Edenharter Günther M. , Hofauer Benedikt
Published: June 2020

Purpose

Selective hypoglossal nerve stimulation has proven to be a successful treatment option in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate if there is a cross-innervation of the hypoglossal nerve in humans and if patients with this phenotype show a different response to hypoglossal nerve stimulation compared to those with ipsilateral-only innervation

Methods

Nineteen patients who previously received a selective hypoglossal nerve stimulation system (Inspire Medical Systems, Golden Valley, USA) were implanted with a nerve integrity system placing electrodes on both sides of the tongue. Tongue motions were recorded one and two months after surgery from transoral and transnasal views. Polysomnography (PSG) was also performed at two months. Electromyogram (EMG) signals and tongue motions after activation were compared with PSG findings.

Results

Cross-innervation showed significant correlation with bilateral tongue movement and bilateral tongue base opening, which were associated with better PSG outcomes.

Conclusion

Cross motor innervation of the hypoglossal nerve occurs in approximately 50% of humans, which is associated with a positive effect on PSG outcomes. Bilateral stimulation of the hypoglossal nerve may be a solution for non-responding patients with pronounced collapse at the soft palate during drug-induced sleep endoscopy.
Experimental Study on the Phase Equilibrium of Copper Matte and Silica-Saturated FeOx-SiO2-Based Slags in Pyrometallurgical WEEE Processing
Authors: Chen Min , Avarmaa Katri , Klemettinen Lassi , Shi Junjie , Taskinen Pekka , Jokilaakso Ari
Published: June 2020

The effects of the amphoteric and basic oxides alumina and lime on the phase equilibria of copper matte and silica-saturated slags were investigated at 1300 °C and

$$ P_{{{\text{SO}}_{ 2} }} $$

P

SO
2

= 0.1 atm in a controlled CO-CO2-SO2-Ar gas atmosphere using a high-temperature isothermal equilibration technique followed by rapid quenching. The equilibrium phase compositions were obtained by Electron Probe X-ray Microanalysis. The relationship between the copper concentration in matte and the oxygen partial pressure, iron, and sulfur in matte was quantified. The pure iron-silicate slag exhibited the highest copper loss in slag, although the addition of alumina and lime decreased its value by approximately a quarter and a half, respectively, at a matte grade of 65 wt pct Cu. In contrast, copper and sulfur were highly distributed in the matte phase, and their deportment to the matte was favored by addition of alumina and lime.
Direct Interbranch Relaxation of Polaritons in a Microcavity with Embedded CdSe/(Cd,Mg)Se Quantum Wells
Authors: Sawicki Krzysztof , Jurczak Magdalena , Pacuski Wojciech , Suffczyński Jan
Published: June 2020

In polariton microcavities, the upper polariton branch is often hardly observable in reflectivity or photoluminescence measurements, which hampers reliable determination of the vacuum Rabi splitting value. We studied the photoluminescence excitation of a semiconductor microcavity with eight embedded CdSe/(Cd,Mg)Se quantum wells and observed a maximum in the emission from the lower polariton branch when the energy of the excitation was tuned to that of the upper polariton branch. This indicates that, in microcavities, where the upper polariton branch is hardly observable but interbranch polariton relaxation is efficient, the Rabi splitting value can be determined based on the energy difference between the absorption and emission maxima in photoluminescence excitation measurements. The Rabi splitting value of the studied sample as determined by reflectivity measurements was 18 ± 2 meV. Strong coupling conditions allow us to observe lasing with a relatively low threshold of 0.24 kW cm−2.
Fur Seal Feces-Associated Circular DNA Virus Identified in Pigs in Anhui, China
Authors: Shi Zhibin , Liu Chunguo , Yang Huanliang , Chen Yan , Liu Hua , Wei Lili , Liu Zaisi , Jiang Yongping , He Xijun , Wang Jingfei
Published: June 2020

Fur seal feces-associated circular DNA virus (FSfaCV) is an unclassified circular replication-associated protein (Rep)-encoding single-stranded (CRESS) DNA virus that has been detected in mammals (fur seals and pigs). The biology and epidemiology of the virus remain largely unknown. To investigate the virus diversity among pigs in Anhui Province, China, we pooled 600 nasal samples in 2017 and detected viruses using viral metagenomic methods. From the assembled contigs, 12 showed notably high nucleotide acid sequence similarities to the genome sequences of FSfaCVs. Based on these sequences, a full-length genome sequence of the virus was then obtained using overlapping PCR and sequencing, and the virus was designated as FSfaCV-CHN (GenBank No. MK462122). This virus shared 91.3% and 90.9% genome-wide nucleotide sequence similarities with the New Zealand fur seal strain FSfaCV-as50 and the Japanese pig strain FSfaCV-JPN1, respectively. It also clustered with the two previously identified FSfaCVs in a unique branch in the phylogenetic tree based on the open reading frame 2 (ORF2), Rep-coding gene, and the genome of the reference CRESS DNA viruses. Further epidemiological investigation using samples collected in 2018 showed that the overall positive rate for the virus was 56.4% (111/197) in Anhui Province. This is the first report of FSfaCVs identified in pigs in China, and further epidemiological studies are warranted to evaluate the influence of the virus on pigs.
May we buy your love? psychological effects of incentives on writing likelihood and valence of online product reviews
Authors: Garnefeld Ina , Helm Sabrina , Grötschel Ann-Kathrin
Published: June 2020

Acknowledging the impact on their sales, companies strive to increase the number of positive online reviews of their products. A recently popular practice for stimulating online reviews is offering monetary rewards to customers in return for writing an online review. However, it is unclear whether such practices succeed in fulfilling two main objectives, namely, increasing the number and the valence of online reviews. With one pilot and two experimental studies, this research shows that offering incentives indeed increases the likelihood of review writing. However, the effect on review valence is mixed, due to contradictory psychological effects: Incentive recipients intend to reciprocate by writing favorable reviews but also perceive a need to resist marketers’ influence, which negatively affects their review valence. Finally, recipients who are less satisfied with the product are particularly prone to psychological costs and decrease the positivity of their online reviews. Consequently, incentives should be applied carefully.
Marginal Continuation odds Ratio Model and Decomposition of Marginal Homogeneity Model for Multi-way Contingency Tables
Authors: Shinoda Satoru , Tahata Kouji , Yamamoto Kouji , Tomizawa Sadao
Published: June 2020

For square contingency tables with ordered categories, the marginal homogeneity model is represented by various expressions, and some extensions of the marginal homogeneity model were proposed. Herein we consider the marginal continuation-ratio to examine a new expression of the marginal homogeneity model. We also propose an extension of the marginal homogeneity model using the ratio of marginal continuation-ratios; namely, the marginal continuation odds ratio. The proposed model can be interpreted in various ways. Additionally, we propose a generalization of it, and decompose the marginal homogeneity model using the generalized model. Furthermore, we extend the models and decompositions into multi-way contingency tables.
Characterization and comparative DNA methylation profiling of four adipogenic genes in adipose-derived stem cells and dedifferentiated fat cells from aging subjects
Authors: Tansriratanawong Kallapat , Tabei Isao , Ishikawa Hiroshi , Ohyama Akihiro , Toyomura Junko , Sato Soh
Published: June 2020

Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) and dedifferentiated fat (DFAT) cells are alternative cell sources in tissue engineering and regeneration because they are easily obtained and exhibit multilineage differentiation. However, aging may attenuate their regenerative potential and metabolic functions. Reports characterizing DFAT cells derived from aging donors are rare, and comparisons of DNA methylation profiles between aging ASCs and DFAT cells are poorly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize DFAT cells relative to ASCs derived from aging subjects and compare the DNA methylation profiles of four adipogenic genes in these cells. ASCs and DFAT cells from aging donors exhibited characteristics similar to those of stem cells, including colony formation, proliferation, and multilineage differentiation abilities. However, compared with ASCs, DFAT cells exhibited increased proliferation, smooth muscle actin alpha (SMA-α) expression and decreased cellular senescence. DNA methylation profiling of ASCs and DFAT cells by combined bisulfite restriction analysis (COBRA) demonstrated hypermethylation patterns in three potent adipogenic genes—peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 (PPARγ2), fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), and lipoprotein lipase (LPL)—but hypomethylation of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPα) in the aging group. Statistically significant differences were observed between the aging group and the young group. Epigenetic regulation maintains the stability of ASCs and DFAT cells in an age-dependent manner. Our findings suggested that although the DNA methylation patterns of three adipogenic genes correlated with hypermethylation and aging, ASCs and DFAT cells exhibited cellular stability and several stem cell characteristics, offering further opportunities for personalized regeneration and energy maintenance by adipogenesis during aging.
New ranking method for normal intuitionistic sets under crisp, interval environments and its applications to multiple attribute decision making process
Authors: Garg Harish
Published: June 2020

The aim of this paper is to present novel algorithms for solving the multiple attribute decision-making problems under the normal intuitionistic fuzzy set environment. Normal intuitionistic and interval-valued intuitionistic sets are the essential mechanisms for influencing the decision-making queries with anonymous and indeterminant data by engaging a degree of membership and non-membership of normal distribution data in quantitative terms. Holding these features in mind and united the idea of hesitation degree, this paper presents some improved score functions to rank the normal intuitionistic and interval-valued intuitionistic sets. The advantage of these proposed functions is to overwhelm the weakness of the existing functions and will aid to rank the given objects in a more consistent way. The numerous salient features of the proposed functions are studied. Later, we develop two new algorithms for interval-valued as well as crisp numbers based on the proposed functions to solve multiple attribute decision-making problems. The given approaches have been confirmed with numerical examples and the advantages, as well as comparative analysis, are furnished to shows its influence over existing approaches.
Success prediction of android applications in a novel repository using neural networks
Authors: Dehkordi Mehrdad Razavi , Seifzadeh Habib , Beydoun Ghassan , Nadimi-Shahraki Mohammad H.
Published: June 2020

Nowadays, Android applications play a major role in software industry. Therefore, having a system that can help companies predict the success probability of such applications would be useful. Thus far, numerous research works have been conducted to predict the success probability of desktop applications using a variety of machine learning techniques. However, since features of desktop programs are different from those of mobile applications, they are not applicable to mobile applications. To our knowledge, there has not been a repository or even a method to predict the success probability of Android applications so far. In this research, we introduce a repository composed of 100 successful and 100 unsuccessful apps of Android operating system in Google PlayStoreTM including 34 features per application. Then, we use the repository to a neural network and other classification algorithms to predict the success probability. Finally, we compare the proposed method with the previous approaches based on the accuracy criterion. Experimental results show that the best accuracy which we achieved is 99.99%, which obtained when we used MLP and PCA, while the best accuracy achieved by the previous work in desktop platforms was 96%. However, the time complexity of the proposed approach is higher than previous methods, since the time complexities of NPR and MLP are O$$( n^3$$

(

n
3

) and O$$( nph^koi$$

(
n
p

h
k

o
i

), respectively.
Water resource management in the context of a non-potable water reuse case study in arid climate
Authors: Seguela G. , Littlewood J. R. , Karani G.
Published: June 2020

This study evaluates an existing non-potable water system serving outdoor services for a medical facility case study (MFCS) in Abu Dhabi (AD), United Arab Emirates, using mixed methods research to identify water demand and availability of non-potable water, and to optimize water reuse for reducing waste, energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). The MFCS footprint includes 50% landscaping. The water used for irrigation is from non-clinical/non-potable water, treated condensate water, a by-product of air conditioning. For 5 months per year, there is a predicted non-potable water deficit, so costly and non-sustainable desalinated potable water is required for irrigation. The findings include that there is a non-potable water deficit due to an excessive consumption for landscape irrigation (LI) and water features (WF), and that 177,288 m3 of condensate and desalinated water was wasted (equivalent to 71 Olympic swimming pools). The contribution of this research is to demonstrate that water wastage, a contributor to GHG emissions, is due to inadequate field testing and verification, water tank storage problems and a lack of LI and WF water demand management. Strategies to address these issues are suggested and will be useful to building owners, operations and maintenance teams and facility managers to substantially decrease water consumption in any type of buildings with a non-potable water system, as well as helping AD to achieve its target of a 22% reduction in GHG emissions by 2030 (Environment Agency- Abu Dhabi (EAD 2017)).
Estimating excess heat from exhaust gases: why corrosion matters
Authors: Aydemir Ali , Fritz Markus
Published: June 2020

Industry accounts for about 30% of the final energy demand in Germany. Of this, 75% is used to provide heat, but a considerable proportion of the heat is unused. A recent bottom-up estimate shows that up to 13% of the fuel consumption of industry is lost as excess heat in exhaust gases. However, this estimate only quantifies a theoretical potential, as it does not consider the technical aspects of usability. In this paper, we also estimate the excess heat potentials of industry using a bottom-up method. Compared to previous estimates, however, we go one step further by including the corrosiveness of the exhaust gases and thus an important aspect of the technical usability of the excess heat contained in them. We use the emission declarations for about 300 production sites in Baden-Württemberg as a data basis for our calculations. For these sites, we calculate a theoretical excess heat potential of 2.2 TWh, which corresponds to 12% of the fuel consumption at these sites. We then analyse how much this theoretical potential is reduced if we assume that the energy content of sulphur-containing exhaust gases is only used up to the sulphuric acid dew point in order to prevent corrosion. Our results show that 40% of the analysed excess heat potential is corrosive, which reduces the usable potential to 1.3 TWh or 7% of fuel consumption. In principle, it is possible to use the energy of the excess heat from sulphur-containing exhaust gases even below the dew point, but this is likely to involve higher costs. This therefore represents an obstacle to the full utilisation of the available excess heat. Our analysis shows that considering corrosion is important when estimating industrial excess heat potentials.
Ministers, Gender and Political Appointments
Authors: Field Bonnie N.
Published: June 2020

This study examines whether the sex of the selector matters for advancing women's inclusion in politics and how the political context shapes selectors’ preferences and behaviour. It focuses on an under-researched area – the political appointments ministers make in their ministerial departments – and thus sheds light on the conditions under which women access appointed office. It analyses six governments in Spain between 1996 and 2018, using a mixed methods approach that includes statistical analyses of political appointments and interviews with former ministers. It finds that women ministers, as individuals, did not appoint more women than men ministers did at any time. However, women's presence is highly relevant. In more gender-balanced political contexts, men and women ministers appointed more women. Moreover, the context changed, in part because critical political actors pushed for it. This imbued a new political sphere, subcabinet-appointed offices, with representational significance.
Landscape factors driving the spread of the invasive grass,Hymenachne amplexicaulis, among wetlands in a Florida subtropical grazing land
Authors: Bouchard Elizabeth H. , Sonnier Grégory , Pierre Steffan , Saha Amartya , Sclater Vivienne , Boughton Elizabeth H.
Published: June 2020

Wetlands embedded in agroecosystems provide vital ecosystem services (i.e., freeze protection, water retention, nutrient cycling, biodiversity support). However, they are particularly susceptible to invasion by nonnative species. West Indian marsh grass [Hymenachne amplexicaulis(Rudge) Nees] is a major wetland invader in Florida. Despite the documented consequences ofH. amplexicaulisinvasions, the landscape factors influencing the spread of this species are poorly understood. In this study, we asked whether landscape factors associated with wetland isolation, connectivity, and land management influence the presence ofH. amplexicaulisamong wetlands embedded in pastures. We recorded the presence or absence ofH.amplexicaulisin 158 seasonal wetlands embedded in different pasture types (semi-natural vs. intensively managed). Wetland area, isolation from neighboring wetlands, isolation from the nearest source ditch, and connectivity were determined using a geographic information system (GIS). We related landscape factors toH. amplexicaulisusing generalized linear models and model selection based on the second-order Akaike information criterion.Hymenachne amplexicauliswas first detected at the study site in the early 2000s. By 2018, we observed this species in 66% of the surveyed wetlands. The likelihood of observingH. amplexicauliswas higher in wetlands embedded in semi-natural pastures and higher in less isolated wetlands, especially when connected to a ditch. These results indicate thatH. amplexicaulisspreads both overland (during seasonal flooding) and via the ditch network. Future work is needed to understand whether seeds or stolons are the primary invasion propagule and whether the species forms a persistent seed bank that could slow down restoration efforts. Additionally, further research is required to understand the ecological impact of this highly invasive plant in Florida wetlands.
Explaining World Wine Exports in the First Wave of Globalization, 1848–1938
Authors: Ayuda María-Isabel , Ferrer-Pérez Hugo , Pinilla Vicente
Published: June 2020

The objective of this article is to analyze the determinants of world wine exports in the first globalization, taking into account the principal exporting countries and using an extended version of the gravity model. The article distinguishes between ordinary- and high-quality wines. Our econometric results show that wine exports were not affected by the increase in the size of the markets of consuming countries, since in most of them wine was an alcoholic beverage consumed by a very small minority of the population. The harvests of the producing countries, particularly in preceding years, significantly and positively affected their exports. Conversely, the harvests of importers hurt exports as there was a home bias in consumption due to cultural, price, or tariff protection reasons. In the interwar period, the wine trade was severely affected by a series of shocks such as WWI, the Soviet revolution, the Prohibition, and the 1930s depression. As was the case with trade as a whole, the fall in transaction costs, favored exports, at least those of lower-priced and lower-quality wine. However, the liberalization of trade had a lesser impact on wine than on other products. (JEL Classifications: F14, N50, Q13, Q17)
HIGHER DEFORMATIONS OF LIE ALGEBRA REPRESENTATIONS II
Authors: WESTAWAY MATTHEW
Published: June 2020

Steinberg’s tensor product theorem shows that for semisimple algebraic groups, the study of irreducible representations of higher Frobenius kernels reduces to the study of irreducible representations of the first Frobenius kernel. In the preceding paper in this series, deforming the distribution algebra of a higher Frobenius kernel yielded a family of deformations called higher reduced enveloping algebras. In this paper, we prove that the Steinberg decomposition can be similarly deformed, allowing us to reduce representation theoretic questions about these algebras to questions about reduced enveloping algebras. We use this to derive structural results about modules over these algebras. Separately, we also show that many of the results in the preceding paper hold without an assumption of reductivity.
Performing in a different place: the use of a prodigy to the Dublin Philosophical Society
Authors: HOLT PADDY
Published: June 2020

From 8 February until at least 19 April 1686, the Dublin Philosophical Society was occupied with a prodigiously talented young girl whose name was never recorded. She was less than eleven years of age, but still much older than the society itself, which had begun meeting less than three years previously. Although one of many wonders engaging the curiosity of the nascent society, this girl served a surprising range of purposes, so that accompanying her anonymity was a curious malleability. Pressed into several different roles and identities, her exploitation affords a glimpse into the various qualities that could make a spectacle useful in a philosophical climate that was unique among the British Isles. The use of this girl therefore not only sheds light on the needs of a less familiar learned society, but also shows how these could differ from those of its better-understood counterparts. For a period of time, it was the versatility not of the gentlemen in Dublin, but of the prodigy they used, that best served this group on the periphery.
Exploiting Chinese Labour Emigration in Treaty Ports: The Role of Spanish Consulates in the “Coolie Trade”
Authors: Ginés-Blasi Mònica
Published: June 2020

Authors writing about the history of the “coolie trade” in Cuba have generally focused on the multinational effort to halt the trafficking of Chinese workers. Little has been written about either the role of consuls as middlemen or of Spanish participation in the traffic in treaty ports. Yet, several sources indicate that many officials at Spanish consulates in coastal China were intensely involved in the shipment of Chinese emigrants to Cuba and other coolie trade destinations, and were also at the centre of international scandals. These consular officers frequently used their authority to obtain a monopoly over the trade. In this article, I argue that the coolie trade was the main objective of Spain's consular deployment in China, and that the involvement of these consular officials was crucial in developing an abusive migratory system and sustaining the mistreatment of Chinese immigrant workers throughout the second half of the nineteenth century.
The strange case of Ocellomma rediuntum (Arthoniales: Roccellaceae) in Australia: a remarkably disjunct lichen
Authors: Kantvilas Gintaras , Gueidan Cécile , Tehler Anders
Published: June 2020

The new combination Ocellomma rediuntum (Stizenb. ex Hasse) Kantvilas, Gueidan & Tehler is proposed, supported by morphological, anatomical and molecular data. Hitherto known only from the Californian coast, this species is here recorded for Kangaroo Island (South Australia), Victoria and Tasmania. It is described and illustrated from Australian collections. The ecology of the species and its remarkable distribution are discussed.
Time to adjust: changes in the diet of a reintroduced marsupial after release
Authors: Bannister Hannah , Croxford Adam , Brandle Robert , Paton David C. , Moseby Katherine
Published: June 2020

An important component of reintroduction is acclimatization to the release site. Movement parameters and breeding are common metrics used to infer the end of the acclimatization period, but the time taken to locate preferred food items is another important measure. We studied the diet of a reintroduced population of brushtail possumsTrichosurus vulpeculain semi-arid South Australia over a 12 month period, investigating changes over time as well as the general diet. We used next-generation DNA sequencing to determine the contents of 253 scat samples, after creating a local plant reference library. Vegetation surveys were conducted monthly to account for availability. Dietary diversity and richness decreased significantly with time since release after availability was accounted for. We used Jacob's Index to assess selectivity; just 13.4% of available plant genera were significantly preferred overall, relative to availability. The mean proportion of preferred plant genera contained within individual samples increased significantly with time since release, but the frequency of occurrence of preferred plants did not. Five genera (Eucalyptus,Petalostylis,Maireana,ZygophyllumandCallitris) were present in more than half of samples. There was no difference in dietary preferences between sexes (Pianka overlap = 0.73). Our results suggest that acclimatization periods may be longer than those estimated via reproduction, changes in mass and movement parameters, but that under suitable conditions a changeable diet should not negatively affect reintroduction outcomes. Reintroduction projects should aim to extend post-release monitoring beyond the dietary acclimatization period and, for dry climates, diet should be monitored through a drought period.
Determinants of herder attitudes towards the Vulnerable snow leopardPanthera unciain Yushu Prefecture, China
Authors: Hacker Charlotte E. , Dai Yunchuan , Cheng Yifan , Zhang Yu , Zhang Yuguang , Miller Lance J. , Janecka Jan E.
Published: June 2020

Yushu Prefecture in Qinghai Province provides some of the largest known stretches of habitat for the Vulnerable snow leopardPanthera unciain China. People living in these areas are dependent on agropastoralism. Support from local communities is necessary for effective long-term conservation action for snow leopards, but loss of livestock to snow leopards can create financial burdens that induce negative attitudes and encourage retaliatory killing. We assessed factors driving herders' attitudes towards snow leopards and their conservation. We found that herders had higher agreement with positive than with negative statements about snow leopards despite nearly half reporting livestock loss to snow leopards within the last 5 years. No retaliatory killing was reported. Herders with more years of formal education and fewer livestock losses were more likely to have positive attitudes whereas those with lower importance of snow leopards to their religion, fewer livestock losses, and fewer years of education were more likely to have negative attitudes. Understanding the multifaceted mechanisms responsible for positive views towards species is imperative for reaching conservation goals. Our findings ascribe to the importance of increased education and adherence to Tibetan beliefs in promoting conservation tolerance towards snow leopards in Qinghai Province, but also indicate a need for further research into the impact of livestock loss.
Contract, Gender, and the Emergence of the Civil-Military Distinction
Authors: Parsons Graham
Published: June 2020

This paper examines the social contract theories of Grotius, Hobbes, Pufendorf, and Locke, highlighting the failure of their contractarian defenses of the military and military service. In order to ground the duties of military service, each theorist presumes a chivalric gender order wherein men as men are expected to be willing to sacrifice themselves as violent instruments for the sake of their families and communities. While Grotius, Hobbes, and Pufendorf use the contract method to defend absolute, or near absolute, political authority wherein subject's primary political obligation is to serve the sovereign in war upon command, Locke uses the contract method to create a liberal political order that preserves the natural rights of subjects. Nevertheless, Locke maintains the commitment to self-sacrificial military service. In Locke, then, the military is peeled away from liberal civil society and we see the first statement of the civil-military distinction that persists today.
Constrained RGBD-SLAM
Authors: Naudet-Collette Sylvie , Melbouci Kathia , Gay-Bellile Vincent , Ait-Aider Omar , Dhome Michel
Published: June 2020

This paper introduces a new RGBD-Simultaneous Localization And Mapping (RGBD-SLAM) based on a revisited keyframe SLAM. This solution improves the localization by combining visual and depth data in a local bundle adjustment. Then, it presents an extension of this RGBD-SLAM that takes advantage of a partial knowledge of the scene. This solution allows using a prior knowledge of the 3D model of the environment when this latter is available which drastically improves the localization accuracy. The proposed solutions called RGBD-SLAM and Constrained RGBD-SLAM are evaluated on several public benchmark datasets and on real scenes acquired by a Kinect sensor. The system works in real time on a standard central processing units and it can be useful for certain applications, such as localization of lightweight robots, UAVs, and VR helmet.
Powder X-ray diffraction of oseltamivir phosphate (Tamiflu®), C16H31N2O8P
Authors: Hodge Ryan L. , Kaduk James A. , Gindhart Amy M. , Blanton Thomas N.
Published: June 2020

The crystal structure of oseltamivir phosphate has been refined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data and optimized using density functional techniques. Oseltamivir phosphate crystallizes in space group P21212 (#18) with a = 24.0079(3), b = 24.6716(2), c = 7.45254(5) Å, V = 4414.24(5) Å3 at 295 K, and Z = 8. Prominent in the crystal structure are hydrogen bonds between the phosphate groups and the ammonium groups of the oseltamivir cations. The strong hydrogen bonds link the cations and the anions into columns parallel to the c-axis, with van der Waals interactions between the columns. Thermal expansion between 120 and 295 K is anisotropic. The powder pattern is included in the Powder Diffraction File™ as entry 00-068-1107.
Effects of a school readiness intervention on electrophysiological indices of external response monitoring in children in foster care
Authors: Bruce Jacqueline , Pears Katherine C. , McDermott Jennifer Martin , Fox Nathan A. , Fisher Philip A.
Published: June 2020

This study examined the impact of a school readiness intervention on external response monitoring in children in foster care. Behavioral and event-related potential (ERP) data were collected during a flanker task from children who received the Kids In Transition to School (KITS) Program (n = 26) and children who received services as usual (n = 19) before and after the intervention. While there were no significant group differences on the behavioral data, the ERP data for the two groups of children significantly differed. Specifically, in contrast to the children who received services as usual, the children who received the KITS Program displayed greater amplitude differences between positive and negative performance feedback over time for the N1, which reflects early attention processes, and feedback-related negativity, which reflects evaluation processes. In addition, although the two groups did not differ on amplitude differences between positive and negative performance feedback for these ERP components before the intervention, the children who received the KITS Program displayed greater amplitude differences than the children who received services as usual after the intervention. These results suggest that the KITS Program had an effect on responsivity to external performance feedback, which may be beneficial during the transition into kindergarten.
And What About the Pharmacist?
Authors: BUIJSEN MARTIN , GÖTTGENS WILMA
Published: June 2020

In the Netherlands, euthanasia has been decriminalized. Termination of life on request and assisted suicide are criminal offences under Dutch law; but if physicians comply with the due care requirements of the Euthanasia Act and report their actions in the manner prescribed by law, they will not be prosecuted. One of the requirements relates to the act of euthanasia itself. If this is to be performed with due medical care, the physician relies on the services of a pharmacist. However, the responsibilities of the pharmacist with respect to euthanasia are not laid down in law. At present, Dutch pharmacists have to make do with professional rules that do not offer adequate solutions for the problems that may arise when euthanasia is performed.
Medical Ethics: Common or Uncommon Morality?
Authors: RHODES ROSAMOND
Published: June 2020

This paper challenges the long-standing and widely accepted view that medical ethics is nothing more than common morality applied to clinical matters. It argues against Tom Beauchamp and James Childress’s four principles; Bernard Gert, K. Danner Clouser and Charles Culver’s ten rules; and Albert Jonsen, Mark Siegler, and William Winslade’s four topics approaches to medical ethics. First, a negative argument shows that common morality does not provide an account of medical ethics and then a positive argument demonstrates why the medical profession requires its own distinctive ethics. The paper also provides a way to distinguish roles and professions and an account of the distinctive duties of medical ethics. It concludes by emphasizing ways in which the uncommon morality approach to medical ethics is markedly different from the common morality approach.
Aristotelian Necessity
Authors: Vogler Candace
Published: June 2020

At the center of contemporary neo-Aristotelian naturalism is the thought that we can account for a great deal of ethics by thinking about what is needful in human life generally. When we think about practices like promising, virtues like justice or courage, and institutions that serve to produce, maintain, and help to reproduce well-ordered social life we can make some headway we consider the sense in which our topic makes some forms of human good possible and even, in some cases, actualizes the very good made possible thereby. G.E.M. Anscombe introduced this kind of thinking about ethics, which Philippa Foot named ‘Aristotelian Necessity'. In this essay, I take a hard Look at Anscombe’s work on the topic, and then consider her later insistence that crucial aspects of ethics could not be understood in these terms.