bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome in patients with multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Peipei , Liu Jiaqi , Yang Jianying , He Jie , Jiang Jiaqing
Published: December 2024

Objective

Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome is the most common respiratory disorder in patients with multiple sclerosis. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the prevalence of OSAHS in MS patients and to analyze their sleep monitoring indicators of patients.

Methods

Online databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, CNKI, and WanFang were used to review the Chinese and English literature about OSAHS in MS patients in detail. Two researchers analyzed the Quality of included studies based on the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies. The prevalence and sleep monitoring data were analyzed using STATA 11.0 software. Based on the I2 values, pooled analyses were performed using either random (I2 > 50%) or fixed-effect models (I2 ≤ 50%).

Results

Fourteen articles were selected for the final analysis. Our study shows that different diagnosis methods of OSAHS lead to different incidences. When the screening method was PSG, the incidence of OSAHS in MS patients was 36%; when the method was STOP-BANG, the incidence of OSAHS in MS patients was 26%; when the method was Berlin questionnaire, the incidence of OSAHS in MS patients was 30%. We performed subgroup analyses based on race, age, OSAHS severity, and BMI of patients with MS. The results suggested that the incidence of OSAHS was different in different subgroups of MS patients. In addition, we found that patients with MS generally had poorer sleep monitoring indicators.

Conclusion

The current literature shows that the incidence of OSAHS is higher in MS patients. MS may affect the progression of OSAHS.

Systematic Review Registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=551500, CRD42024551500.
Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease
Authors: Wang Ziteng , Tan Wentao , Huang Jiali , Li Qian , Wang Jing , Su Hui , Guo Chunmei , Liu Hong
Published: December 2024

Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), characterized by alterations in both the type and quantity of bacteria in the small intestine, leads to impaired intestinal digestion and absorption that can cause a range of clinical symptoms. Recent studies have identified significant changes in the composition of the small intestinal microbiota and metabolomic profiles of patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). This study systematically reviewed and synthesized the available data to explore the association between SIBO and MASLD. Comprehensive literature searches of the Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid, and Cochrane databases were conducted. Article quality screening was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Cross-sectional, cohort, and case–control studies were included. A total of 7,200 articles were initially screened, of which 14 were ultimately included for analysis. Individuals with SIBO in both the MASLD and non-MASLD groups were extracted and a chi-square test was performed to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). The I2 index was used to measure heterogeneity. For heterogeneity >50%, a random effects model was used. There was a clear association between SIBO and MASLD (OR = 3.09; 95% CI 2.09–4.59, I2 = 66%, p < 0.0001). Subgroup analyses by MASLD stage showed that the probability of SIBO positivity increased with MASLD lesion severity. After stratifying by the diagnostic methods for SIBO and MASLD, the meta-analysis results suggest a reduction in inter-group heterogeneity. For the MASLD subgroup diagnosed via liver biopsy, the OR was 4.89. A subgroup analysis of four studies that included intestinal permeability testing revealed an OR of 3.86 (95% CI: 1.80–8.28, I2 = 9%, p = 0.0005). A meta-regression analyses revealed that both race and regional development level significantly influenced the relationship between SIBO and MASLD (p = 0.010, p = 0.047). In conclusion, this meta-analyses provides strong evidence that SIBO may contribute to the development and progression of MASLD. The strongest associations were observed between lactulose breath testing, gut microbiota culture, liver biopsy diagnosis of MASLD, and SIBO detected through intestinal permeability testing. The primary sources of heterogeneity are race and developed regions.

Systematic Review Registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=427040.
Interstitial lung diseases with concomitant lung cancer: a data mining approach revealing a complex condition with gender- and immune-associated specific implications
Authors: Perrotta Fabio , Lacedonia Donato , D’Agnano Vito , Bianco Andrea , Scioscia Giulia , Tondo Pasquale , Foschino Barbaro Maria Pia , Mariani Francesca , Lettieri Sara , Del Frate Lucia , Mancinelli Silvia , Piloni Davide , Oggionni Tiberio , Bortolotto Chandra , Carrozzi Laura , Cerveri Isa , Guido Corsico Angelo , Stella Giulia Maria
Published: December 2024

Background

Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) comprise a family of heterogeneous entities, primarily characterised by chronic scarring of the lung parenchyma. Among ILDs, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common idiopathic interstitial pneumonitis, associated with progressive functional decline leading to respiratory failure, a high symptom burden, and mortality. Notably, the incidence of lung cancer (LC) in patients already affected by ILDs—mainly IPF—is significantly higher than in the general population. Moreover, these cases are often neglected and deprived of active oncologic treatments.

Methods

We here aim to identify variables predictive of outcome (mortality) in a multicentre retrospective cohort of ILD associated with lung cancer, collected from 2018 to the end of 2023. Overall, 73 cases were identified, and exhaustive clinicopathologic data were available for 55 patients. Among them, 42 had IPF. The entire dataset was then analysed by using the JMP partition algorithm (JMP-Statistical Discoveries, from SAS), which can choose the optimum splits from many possible trees, making it a powerful modelling and data discovery tool.

Results

The average age at lung cancer diagnosis was 71.4 years, whereas the average age at IPF diagnosis was 69.5 years. The average Charlson Comorbidity Index was 4.6. Female patients constituted 28.3% (15) of the evaluated cases. The most frequent tumour histotype was adenocarcinoma (45.2%), and in more than 60% of the cases (67.9%), cancer was diagnosed at an early stage (TNM I–II–IIIA). A significant gender difference emerges regarding the overall patient survival, and quite unexpectedly, surgical approach to IPF-associated LC and the detection of serum autoantibodies are among the strongest outcome predictors.

Conclusions

The analysis performed is descriptive and successfully identifies key features of this specific and rare cancer population. IPF-associated LC emerges as a unique malignant disease defined by specific gender and histopathologic clinical and molecular parameters, which might benefit from active treatments.
Obinutuzumab-induced acute thrombocytopenia: a case report and literature review
Authors: Dou Xuelin , Li Kongyang , Lu Jin
Published: December 2024

Background

Obinutuzumab, a humanized type II anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, is widely used in the treatment of B-cell lymphomas. Thrombocytopenia typically occurs 1 to 2 weeks after administration. In rare cases, obinutuzumab can induce severe acute thrombocytopenia within days of infusion, a condition known as “obinutuzumab-induced acute thrombocytopenia (OIAT).” Rituximab, a chimeric type I anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, is also known to cause “rituximab-induced acute thrombocytopenia (RIAT).” This report presents a case of OIAT, with subsequent treatment switched to rituximab, which did not result in thrombocytopenia recurrence.

Case Presentation

A 38-year-old female patient with a 2-year history of lymphadenopathy was diagnosed with follicular lymphoma (Grade I-II). She was treated with obinutuzumab combined with bendamustine. Following the first administration of obinutuzumab, her platelet count dropped to 37×10⁹/L within 2 days and further declined to 27×10⁹/L on the fourth day without bleeding symptoms. The platelet count recovered by day 8. After a second obinutuzumab infusion, the platelet count again dropped to 15×10⁹/L within 1 day. Platelet transfusion was effective, and the count eventually recovered to 95×10⁹/L by day 29. No further acute thrombocytopenia occurred after switching to rituximab.

Conclusion

OIAT is a rare but serious adverse effect of obinutuzumab. This case highlights the importance of early recognition and monitoring of platelet counts in patients receiving obinutuzumab. The findings in our case, along with those in the literature, suggest that switching to rituximab or extending the interval before obinutuzumab re-administration can reduce the risk of recurrent thrombocytopenia. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and establish treatment guidelines for OIAT.
Pyridostigmine as a therapeutic option for pediatric gastrointestinal dysmotilities in ATR-X syndrome. Case report and literature review
Authors: Comisi F. F. , Soddu C. , Corpino M. , Marica M. , Cacace R. , Foiadelli T. , Savasta S.
Published: December 2024

Background

Alpha-thalassemia X-linked intellectual disability (ATR-X) syndrome, is a rare genetic disorder, caused by mutations in the ATRX gene. Clinical manifestations include typical facial dysmorphisms, mild-to-severe intellectual disability, hypotonia, genital anomalies, significant gastrointestinal (GI) complications, such as abdominal distension, chronic constipation, feeding difficulties, gastroesophageal reflux, and mild-to-moderate anemia secondary to alpha-thalassemia.

Case presentation

We report a patient with ATR-X syndrome suffering from gastrointestinal dysmotility and highlight the beneficial effects of pyridostigmine. Knowledge about the role and appropriate dosage of pyridostigmine in GI motility disorders is limited. To date, only nine pediatric cases involving pyridostigmine for GI dysmotility have been reported.

Conclusions

Considering current understanding about the treatment of gastrointestinal complications in patients with genetic syndromes, this case provides new insights into management of these complex clinical presentations.
Exosomes in esophageal cancer: a promising frontier for liquid biopsy in diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring
Authors: Zihan Ren , Jingsi Cao , Lingwen Ding , Xin Liu , Yan Zhang
Published: December 2024

Esophageal cancer is a common and lethal digestive system malignancy, and both treatment efficacy and patient survival rates face significant challenges. In recent years, exosomes have emerged as crucial mediators of intercellular communication, demonstrating tremendous clinical potential, particularly in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognostic evaluation of esophageal cancer. These exosomes not only serve as biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis but also modulate tumor growth, metastasis, and drug resistance by delivering bioactive molecules. Importantly, exosomes can act as carriers for esophageal cancer-related therapeutic agents, optimizing gene therapy strategies to enhance efficacy while reducing toxicity and side effects. Despite facing challenges in clinical applications such as purification, enrichment, and standardization of analytical methods, exosomes maintain broad prospects for application in esophageal cancer treatment, with the potential to significantly improve patient outcomes and quality of life. This review focuses on the innovative role of exosomes in the early diagnosis of esophageal cancer, exploring their application value and safety in disease monitoring and assessment of treatment response. Furthermore, this study outlines the challenges and limitations of transitioning exosome research from basic studies to clinical applications, as well as potential solutions and future research directions to address these obstacles.
Efficacy and safety of salvianolate injection in treating acute myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis and systematic literature review
Authors: Chen Pengfei , Zhang He , Gao Zhuye , Shi Dazhuo , Zhang Jie
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Salvianolate for injection (SFI) is a widely used treatment for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of SFI in treating AMI by synthesizing evidence from published randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Methods

Seven databases were searched for relevant RCTs published up to 1 July 2024. Two investigators independently conducted the literature searches, data extraction, and quality assessment. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed to address potential heterogeneity. Data analyses were conducted using RevMan 5.4 software.

Result

Thirty RCTs with a total of 3,931 participants were included in the study and analyzed. The results revealed that SFI significantly reduced major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) (RR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.24 to 0.49, p < 0.05). In addition, SFI lowered creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) (MD = −5.65, 95% CI: −9.55 to −1.76, p < 0.05) and improved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (MD = 6.2, 95% CI: 4.82 to 7.57, p < 0.05). Further reductions were observed in C-reactive protein (CRP) (MD = −6.17, 95% CI: −8.11 to −4.23, p < 0.05), malondialdehyde (MDA) (MD = −1.95, 95% CI: −2.08 to −1.83, p < 0.05), and endothelin-1 (ET-1) (MD = −12.27, 95% CI: −17.13 to −7.40, p < 0.05). The incidence of adverse events did not significantly differ between the EG and CG [RR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.42 to 1.33, p = 0.32].

Conclusion

This study suggests that SFI may be a promising alternative therapy for treating AMI without increasing the risk of adverse events. However, our findings may be limited by the quality of the existing studies. High-quality RCTs are needed to provide more robust evidence.

Systematic Review Registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42024567279.
Cross-kingdom regulation of plant microRNAs: potential application in crop improvement and human disease therapeutics
Authors: Shi Lei , Guo Chao , Fang Miaomiao , Yang Yingmei , Yin Fei , Shen Yuan
Published: December 2024

Plant microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that usually negatively regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Recent data reveal that plant miRNAs are not limited to individual plants but can transfer across different species, allowing for communication with the plant, animal, and microbial worlds in a cross-kingdom approach. This review discusses the differences in miRNA biosynthesis between plants and animals and summarizes the current research on the cross-species regulatory effects of plant miRNAs on nearby plants, pathogenic fungi, and insects, which can be applied to crop disease and pest resistance. In particular, this review highlights the latest findings regarding the function of plant miRNAs in the transboundary regulation of human gene expression, which may greatly expand the clinical applicability of plant miRNAs as intriguing tools in natural plant-based medicinal products in the future.
University teachers’ beliefs about the use of generative artificial intelligence for teaching and learning
Authors: Cabellos Beatriz , de Aldama Carlos , Pozo Juan-Ignacio
Published: December 2024

Introduction

The growing presence of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) in our society, particularly in the educational field, is undeniable. This fact has led to various studies on its implications for learning and teaching. However, as with other technological resources, these implications will depend on how teachers use GenAI. Therefore, it is essential to identify teachers’ beliefs regarding the use of GenAI for teaching and learning.

Methods

To this end, a questionnaire was designed and completed by 321 university teachers. This questionnaire consisted of two parts. The first included questions about the participants’ demographic information and a Likert scale on teachers’ pedagogical beliefs. The second part consisted of a 32-item Likert scale that evaluated teachers’ beliefs about the impact of GenAI on their students’ learning and their own teaching. These aspects were reflected through items that considered GenAI as either an educational opportunity or a threat.

Results

The results showed that, of all the variables analyzed, only pedagogical beliefs and the frequency of previous GenAI use influenced beliefs about GenAI usage. Specifically, teachers with constructivist beliefs saw greater potential in GenAI compared to others. Similarly, teachers who regularly used these technologies had more positive beliefs about their educational use than those who used them sporadically or not at all. Lastly, it was also observed that while teachers valued the positive effects of GenAI on their teaching work, they also considered that its use could be detrimental to the learning processes of their students, making them more superficial.

Discussion

These findings underline the importance of providing teachers with training focused on constructive approaches that enable them to maximize the potential of GenAI in education. In particular, it is crucial to promote teaching practices that, through student-centered GenAI use, foster active and reflective processes in students, aligned with the competencies demanded by today’s society.
Association of age at menopause and suicide risk in postmenopausal women: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Moon Daa Un , Kim Hyewon , Jung Jin-Hyung , Han Kyungdo , Jeon Hong Jin
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Early age at menopause has been linked to various adverse health outcomes, but its association with suicide risk remains underexplored. This study aims to assess the relationship between age at menopause and suicide risk among postmenopausal women.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study analyzed data from the Korean National Health Insurance System (NHIS), covering 1,315,795 postmenopausal women aged 30 years and above, from 2009 to 2021. Menopausal age was classified as primary ovarian insufficiency (under 40 years), early menopause (40-44 years), average menopause (45-49 and 50-54 years), and late menopause (55 years and older). Suicide incidence was identified using ICD-10 codes for primary cause of death. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were utilized to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

Across the 12-year follow-up, there were 2,986 suicides. Women with primary ovarian insufficiency exhibited the highest suicide risk (HR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.14–1.78, p < 0.001), followed by those with early menopause (HR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.15–1.50, p < 0.001), and those with menopause between 45 and 49 (HR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.04–1.23, p < 0.001) compared to the reference group undergoing menopause at age of 50-54.

Discussion

Early onset of menopause, particularly primary ovarian insufficiency, is associated with a significantly elevated risk of suicide. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions and support for women experiencing early menopause. This study highlights the importance of monitoring mental health in postmenopausal women and suggests further research to explore the underlying mechanisms linking early menopause to increased suicide risk.
Policy brief: Improving national vaccination decision-making through data
Authors: Evans Sandra , Schmitt Joe , Kalra Dipak , Sokol Tomislav , Holt Daphne
Published: December 2024

Life course immunisation looks at the broad value of vaccination across multiple generations, calling for more data power, collaboration, and multi-disciplinary work. Rapid strides in artificial intelligence, such as machine learning and natural language processing, can enhance data analysis, conceptual modelling, and real-time surveillance. The GRADE process is a valuable tool in informing public health decisions. It must be enhanced by real-world data which can span and capture immediate needs in diverse populations and vaccination administration scenarios. Analysis of data from multiple study designs is required to understand the nuances of health behaviors and interventions, address gaps, and mitigate the risk of bias or confounding presented by any single data collection methodology. Secure and responsible health data sharing across European countries can contribute to a deeper understanding of vaccines.
Smoking-attributable peptic ulcer disease mortality worldwide: trends from 1990 to 2021 and projections to 2046 based on the global burden of disease study
Authors: Li Hao , Shi Qi , Chen Caiyun , Li Ju , Wang Kai
Published: December 2024

Objective

Smoking is a major risk factor for peptic ulcer disease (PUD) mortality. This study aims to analyze global trends in smoking-attributable PUD mortality from 1990 to 2021 and project future trends to 2046.

Methods

Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. We calculated age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) and estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) for smoking-attributable PUD mortality. Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort models were used to project future trends.

Results

From 1990 to 2021, global smoking-attributable PUD deaths decreased from 48,900 to 29,400, with the ASMR declining from 1.2 to 0.3 per 100,000 (EAPC: −4.25%). High-income regions showed faster declines, while some low- and middle-income countries experienced slower progress or even increases. Projections suggest a continued global decline in smoking-attributable PUD mortality to 2046, with persistent regional disparities. By 2046, the global ASMR is expected to decrease to approximately 0.1 per 100,000, with higher rates persisting in certain regions such as the Solomon Islands (3.7 per 100,000) and Cambodia (1.6 per 100,000).

Conclusion

While global smoking-attributable PUD mortality has significantly decreased and is projected to continue declining, substantial regional disparities persist. These findings underscore the need for targeted tobacco control interventions, particularly in high-risk regions, to further reduce the global burden of smoking-attributable PUD mortality.
A study on cognitive trajectory changes and predictive factors in middle-aged and older adults individuals with dual sensory impairment based on the health social determinants model
Authors: Ma Li , Pang Jiaxue , Liu Qiankun , Li Pengyao , Huang Juju , Xu Yang , Xie Hui
Published: December 2024

Aim

This study aims to explore the cognitive trajectory changes in middle-aged and older adults individuals with dual sensory impairment (simultaneous visual and hearing impairment) and to identify the predictors of different trajectory changes.

Methods

Based on the longitudinal data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) from 2013 to 2020, data from 2,369 middle-aged and older adults individuals with dual sensory impairment were selected. A latent variable growth mixture model was constructed to analyze the cognitive function development trajectories in this population and to identify their predictive factors.

Results

The cognitive function development trajectories in the middle-aged and older adults population can be categorized into three types: high cognitive level stable group, low cognitive level slowly declining group, and moderate cognitive level rapidly declining group. Logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR 30.544; 95% CI 9.35–99.754; p < 0.001), sleep duration (OR 0.559; 95% CI 0.343–0.909; p < 0.005), education (OR 0.009; 95% CI 0.003–0.025; p < 0.001), marital status (OR 2.122; 95% CI 1.457–3.090; p < 0.001), social participation (OR 0.499; 95% CI 0.379–0.658; p < 0.001), place of residence (OR 1.471; 95% CI 1.089–1.988; p < 0.001), and medical insurance (OR 0.353; 95% CI 0.169–0.736; p < 0.005) are predictive factors for cognitive function trajectories in this population.

Conclusion

There is group heterogeneity in the cognitive function development trajectories among middle-aged and older adults individuals with dual sensory impairment. Factors such as less than 4 h of nighttime sleep, low social participation, alcohol consumption, and lack of medical insurance are modifiable risk factors for cognitive decline in this population. Preventive strategies should be formulated accordingly, especially for vulnerable groups, including older rural residents and those with lower educational attainment, to prevent cognitive function deterioration in middle-aged and older adults individuals with dual sensory impairment.
The aldose reductase inhibitors AT-001, AT-003 and AT-007 attenuate human keratinocyte senescence
Authors: Yepuri Gautham , Kancharla Kushie , Perfetti Riccardo , Shendelman Shoshana , Wasmuth Andrew , Ramasamy Ravichandran
Published: December 2024

Human skin plays an important role protecting the body from both extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Skin aging at cellular level, which is a consequence of accumulation of irreparable senescent keratinocytes is associated with chronological aging. However, cell senescence may occur independent of chronological aging and it may be accelerated by various pathological conditions. Recent studies have shown that oxidative stress driven keratinocyte senescence is linked to the rate limiting polyol pathway enzyme aldose reductase (AR). Here we investigated the role of three novel synthetic AR inhibitors (ARIs) AT-001, AT-003 and AT-007 in attenuating induced skin cell senescence, in primary normal human keratinocytes (NHK cells), using three different senescence inducing agents: high glucose (HG), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and mitomycin-c (MMC). To understand the efficacy of ARIs in reducing senescence, we have assessed markers of senescence, including SA-β-galactosidase activity, γ-H2AX foci, gene expression of CDKN1A, TP53 and SERPINE1, reactive oxygen species generation and senescence associated secretory phenotypes (SASP). Strikingly, all three ARIs significantly inhibited the assessed senescent markers, after senescence induction. Our data confirms the potential role of ARIs in reducing NHK cell senescence and paves the way for preclinical and clinical testing of these ARIs in attenuating cell aging and aging associated diseases.
Climate change impacts on the Chiffa basin (northern Algeria) using bias-corrected RCM data
Authors: Madani Amina Zoubida , Hermassi Taoufik , Taibi Sabrina , Dakhlaoui Hamouda , Mechergui Mohamed
Published: December 2024

Introduction

This study aims to assess the efficacy of Quantile mapping (QM) and Delta change (DC) bias correction methods to improve hydrological simulations of the Chiffa basin in northern Algeria. The main issue addressed is the need for corrected climate data to provide reliable hydrological projections in semi-arid climates.

Methods

Hydrological simulations were conducted using the GR2M conceptual rainfall-runoff model, recognized for its robustness in Mediterranean climates. This model was coupled with precipitation simulations from the Rossby Centre regional atmospheric model RCA4 of the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (Cordex-Africa) forced by two global circulation models (MPI-ESM-LR and CRNM-CM5). Hydrological projections were produced for the future period 20702099 under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios, comparing raw and bias-corrected data.

Results and discussion

The findings indicate that raw precipitation data are inadequate for reflecting future rainfall trends and simulating future flows. Bias correction methods significantly improved the models performance, with the coefficient of determination (R2) increasing from 0.440.53 to 0.830.97. Additionally, regional climate models project a 5 to 8% decrease in annual flows by the end of the 21st century under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios. These results highlight the importance of bias correction methods for hydrological impact studies, and we recommend implementing specific adaptation measures, such as improved irrigation efficiency, development of water storage infrastructure, and adoption of drought-resistant agricultural practices. Future research should focus on employing multivariate bias correction methods, utilizing higher-resolution climate data (≤10 km), and implementing ensemble modeling approaches to better characterize uncertainties.
The snow must go on: how German cross-country skiers maintained training and performance in the face of COVID-19 lockdowns
Authors: Kock H. , Schürer A. , Staunton C. A. , Hanstock Helen G.
Published: December 2024

Background

The Covid-19 pandemic in 2020 led to disruption of sporting events, with athletes obliged to comply with national lockdown restrictions.

Purpose

To investigate the effect of the Covid-19 pandemic restrictions on national-team XC skiers' annual and weekly training distribution from training diaries, results from submaximal and maximal physiological roller ski tests, and competition results from the International Ski and Snowboard Federation (FIS) world cup.

Methods

Annual and weekly training type (specific, non-specific, strength, other) and intensity distribution (TID) data were collected for 12 German XC-skiers (Tier 4/5; BM: 67 ± 7 kg; age 26 ± 3 years; 6♀: V̇O2max 61.3 ± 3.4 ml · kg · min−1; 6♂: V̇O2max 72.5 ± 6.2 ml · kg · min−1). TID was categorized using a 5-zone scale with Zones 1–2 representative of intensities below the first lactate threshold (LT1), zone 3 between LT1 and LT2, and zones 4–5 above LT2. Training data were grouped by lockdown periods in season 20/21 (L1/L2) and compared to data from the corresponding weeks in 19/20 (C1/C2). Laboratory testing was performed in the general preparation period prior to competition for both seasons. Differences between seasons (C1/C2 vs. L1/L2) in training and performance variables were analysed using repeated-measures ANOVA and linear mixed models.

Results

Total annual training duration increased by 9% during 20/21 (928 ± 79 h · year−1) compared to 19/20 (852 ± 73 h · year−1). During L1, skiers achieved a greater weekly training duration (mean differences (Δx¯: 7.7 h · week−1) compared to C1, due to an increase in non-specific training (Δx¯: 7.0 h · week−1), whereas L2 resulted in greater weekly training compared with C2 due to a higher specific endurance training volume (Δx¯: 1.4 h · week−1). In 20/21 skiers performed a higher volume of Zone 1 (Δx¯: 149 h · year−1). Laboratory test- and FIS racing performance improved from 19/20 to 20/21.

Conclusion

German XC skiers' training characteristics, laboratory- and racing performance were significantly different between the two seasons. In fact, training duration as well as laboratory- and racing performance increased from 19/20 to 20/21. In spite of seasonal variation in performance and training within an Olympic cycle these findings might suggest that skiers adapted their training effectively to pandemic constraints, ultimately enhancing performance outcomes.
Greening agriculture as a response to climate change: a case study from China over 2000–2021
Authors: Nyangchak Niangjijia , Yang Motso
Published: December 2024

Green agriculture is critical for tackling climate change by ensuring carbon neutrality and food security. This article assesses green agriculture as a response to climate change through green efficiency and the underlying mechanisms of green agricultural development in China’s Qinghai Province from 2000 to 2021. It employs a non-radial and non-oriented DEA model, super Slacks-Based Measure, to gage green efficiency. The Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index decomposition model and the Tapio decoupling model are utilized to further analyze the influencing factors and trends in greening the agriculture. Field research has been conducted to gain a holistic understanding of the intricate factors steering sustainable agriculture. The study reveals that Qinghai’s journey in greening agriculture is marked by distinct stages: stabilization (2000–2008), deterioration (2009–2016), recovery (2017–2019), and efficient stage (2020–2021). Notably, shifts in policies and input structures have influenced the green efficiency in agricultural production. The province has largely retained strong decoupling since 2012, indicating the effectiveness of sustainable practices in mitigating the detrimental impacts of intensive farming. The study also identifies economic growth as the primary factor negatively impacting green efficiency, followed by energy intensity, carbon intensity, and population scale. Finally, the study outlines policy insights for greening agriculture.
Momoridica charantia and fermented Momoridica charantia with Leuconostoc mesenteroides MKSR change intestinal microbial diversity indices and compositions in high-fat and high-cholesterol diet-fed C57BL/6 male mice
Authors: Moon Heewon , Lee Kangwook , Ha Jung-Heun , Kim Na Yeun , Shin Hyo Ri , Cho Tae Jin , Oh Nam Su , Park Jinbong , Tang Jingsi , Kim Jae Kyeom , Kim Misook
Published: December 2024

Introduction

This study explores the impact of 4% Momordica charantia (MC) and 4% fermented Momordica charantia (FMC) on gut microbiota and obesity-related health outcomes in male C57BL/6 mice, a model relevant to veterinary sciences for understanding metabolic and gut health disorders in animals.

Methods

Mice were assigned to four dietary regimens, including control, high-fat and high-cholesterol diet (POS), POS with 4% MC, and POS with 4% FMC (fermented with Leuconostoc mesenteroides MKSR) over 12 weeks. Fecal samples were collected for 16S rRNA sequencing to evaluate microbial diversity and composition, key factors influencing animal health.

Results

Both MC and FMC groups exhibited significant alterations in gut microbial communities, with FMC inducing a distinct shift in beta diversity indices. Changes in microbial taxa such as Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, and Firmicutes were observed, along with enhancement in the ‘L-glutamate and L-glutamine biosynthesis’ pathway. These shifts were associated with reduced body weight gain and liver weights.

Discussion

The findings suggest that MC and FMC have potential benefits for managing diet-induced metabolic disorders and protecting against obesity by modulating gut microbiota and improving gut metabolism.
Construction and immunological evaluation of recombinant adenovirus vaccines of new novel NADC34-PRRSV strains in pigs
Authors: Xie Chang-zhan , Zhang Ping , Wang Zheng , Tao Yi-mo , Cui Zhuo-dong , Nan Fu-long , Zhang Fu-chao , Ren Yun-xin , Zhang He , Lu Hui-jun
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes reproductive and respiratory diseases in sow herds and piglets. The emergence of ORF5 RFLP 1–7-4-like (NADC34-like) PRRSV strain in China has brought a new round of challenges to PRRSV prevention.

Methods

In addition, recombinant adenovirus vaccine candidates against the newly emerged NADC34-like strain were constructed in the study; the immunogenicity of the vaccine was investigated in piglets. After inoculation with PRRSV recombinant adenovirus, specific antibodies, neutralizing antibodies, and levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 cytokines were detected in serum.

Results

Thirty-five days after immunization, the levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 cytokines in the pac-Ad5-34-GP3, pac-Ad5-34-GP5, and pac-Ad5-34-GP35 experimental groups were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those of the PBS and the adenovirus group. All vaccines can cause corresponding Th1 and Th2 immune responses based on animal experimental results. After the challenge, no obvious clinical symptoms were observed in the immune groups compared with the control group, vaccinated animals could reduce the occurrence of viremia, and the occurrence of viremia was alleviated, with no obvious pathological changes in the lungs, indicating that recombinant adenovirus vaccine could provide a good protective immunity and produce a good humoral and cellular immune response at the same time.

Discussion

It shows that the recombinant adenovirus vaccine group has better protection against the virus. Provide vaccine reserve and theoretical support for the emergence of new PRRSV subtypes in China.
Rodzajnik czy przedimek? O adekwatności użycia obu polskich określeń w odniesieniu do języka niemieckiego i szwedzkiego
Authors: Wojaczek Ewa
Published: December 2024

This paper offers a detailed characteristics of gender-marked articles in German and Swedish and the rules of their use in both these Germanic languages. A comparative analysis demonstrates the distinctively gender-marked nature of these elements in the singular, so typical of both these Germanic languages, where they serve to distinguish the grammatical gender and the degree of definiteness of the nouns with which they occur. In the plural, on the other hand, the articles serve more as (gender-neutral) articles, as they no longer differentiate the grammatical gender of nouns but only indicate their definiteness. However, the fact that in German they are also used to indicate the natural gender of the names of living creatures supports defining them as gender-marked articles rather than as simply articles. This claim is illustrated by an analysis of the extensive lexical material, which includes the names of representatives of various social groups as well as first and last names.
SSMBERT: A Space Science Mission Requirement Classification Method Based on BERT
Authors: Zhu Yiming , Zhang Yuzhu , Peng Xiaodong , Xue Changbin , Chen Bin , Cao Yu
Published: December 2024

Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) has demonstrated importance in the aerospace field. However, the MBSE modeling process is often tedious and heavily reliant on specialized knowledge and experience; thus, a new modeling method is urgently required to enhance modeling efficiency. This article focuses on the MBSE modeling in space science mission phase 0, during which the mission requirements are collected, and the corresponding dataset is constructed. The dataset is utilized to fine-tune the BERT pre-training model for the classification of requirements pertaining to space science missions. This process supports the subsequent automated creation of the MBSE requirement model, which aims to facilitate scientific objective analysis and enhances the overall efficiency of the space science mission design process. Based on the characteristics of space science missions, this paper categorized the requirements into four categories: scientific objectives, performance, payload, and engineering requirements, and constructed a requirements dataset for space science missions. Then, utilizing this dataset, the BERT model is fine-tuned to obtain a space science mission requirements classification model (SSMBERT). Finally, SSMBERT is compared with other models, including TextCNN, TextRNN, and GPT-2, in the context of the space science mission requirement classification task. The results indicate that SSMBERT performs effectively under Few-Shot conditions, achieving a precision of 95%, which is at least 10% higher than other models, demonstrating superior performance and generalization capabilities.
The Role of Rifampin in Prosthetic Joint Infections: Efficacy, Challenges, and Clinical Evidence
Authors: Pupaibool Jakrapun
Published: December 2024

Rifampin is a crucial antibiotic in the management of prosthetic joint infections (PJI), particularly due to its effectiveness against staphylococcal bacteria and its ability to penetrate and disrupt biofilms. This review evaluates rifampin’s role by examining its mechanism of action, clinical efficacy, and integration into treatment regimens based on recent evidence and guidelines. Rifampin’s synergistic effects with other antibiotics, such as β-lactams and vancomycin, enhance bacterial eradication, and some evidence shows that it improves patient outcomes. However, evidence supporting its use is limited by the scarcity of robust human clinical trials, and challenges such as potential drug interactions and resistance development necessitate careful management. Ongoing research is needed to refine its use and address existing limitations in clinical practice.
Maresin-like 1 Ameliorates Neuropathology of Alzheimer’s Disease in Brains of a Transgenic Mouse Model
Authors: Shrivastava Pallavi , Lu Yan , Su Shanchun , Kobayashi Yuichi , Zhao Yuhai , Lien Nathan , Masoud Abdul-Razak , Lukiw Walter J. , Hong Song
Published: December 2024

(1) Background: Impeded resolution of inflammation contributes substantially to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD); consequently, resolving inflammation is pivotal to the amelioration of AD pathology. This can potentially be achieved by the treatment with specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs), which should resolve neuroinflammation in brains. (2) Methods: Here, we report the histological effects of long-term treatment with an SPM, maresin-like 1 (MarL1), on AD pathogenesis in a transgenic 5xFAD mouse model. (3) Results: MarL1 treatment reduced Aβ overload, curbed the loss of neurons in brains especially cholinergic neurons associated with cleaved-caspase-3-associated apoptotic degeneration, reduced microgliosis and the pro-inflammatory M1 polarization of microglia, curbed the AD-associated decline in anti-inflammatory Iba1+Arg-1+-M2 microglia, inhibited phenotypic switching to pro-inflammatory N1 neutrophils, promoted the blood–brain barrier-associated tight-junction protein claudin-5 and decreased neutrophil leakage in 5xFAD brains, and induced the switch of neutrophils toward the inflammation-resolving N2 phenotype. (4) Conclusions: Long-term administration of MarL1 mitigates AD-related neuropathogenesis in brains by curbing neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, based on the histological results. These findings provide preclinical leads and mechanistic insights for the development of MarL1 into an effective modality to ameliorate AD pathogenesis.
Study on Interlayer Interface Deterioration of Double-Block Ballastless Track in Humid and Hot Environments Based on Acoustic Emission Technique
Authors: Luo Yuchen , Liu Yuhang , Liang Siming
Published: December 2024

The deterioration of the interlayer interface of a double-block ballastless track is affected by the environmental temperature and moisture conditions, which will have a negative effect on its service life. Composite specimens with interlayer interfaces of double-block ballastless track were fabricated and deteriorated by an accelerated method, i.e., immersed in saturated ammonium chloride solution with various temperatures for different times. Then, the deterioration condition and mechanical properties of the composite specimens were investigated experimentally by a universal material testing machine and acoustic emission technique. The automatic sensor test (AST) method is capable of assessing the deterioration condition of the interlayer interface based on the relative wave velocity. The deterioration depth of the interlayer interface tends to increase with increasing solution temperature and immersion time. Both the solution temperature and immersion time have a negative impact on the splitting tensile strength and direct shear strength. A linear relation is found between the splitting tensile strength (direct shear strength) and the cumulative AE energy released at the fracture moment. The damage factor defined by the cumulative AE energy for most composite specimens is no greater than 0.2 before they are going to be fractured but increases sharply to 1.0 at the fracture moment.
The Study on the Freeze–Thaw Deterioration of Soil Sites Modified with the ZDS-2 Organosilicon Reinforcement Agent
Authors: Zheng Xiaowen , Ma Qingwen , Yan Haitao , Chang Xiang , Guo Fang
Published: December 2024

Due to the large temperature fluctuations between day and night during the transition from winter to spring, soil sites in seasonally frozen soil areas go through repeated freeze–thaw cycles. During these cycles, the water in the soil undergoes phase transformation and migration, which changes the physical and mechanical properties of the soil and directly affects the stability and durability of the soil site. In order to explore the feasibility of using the ZDS-2 organosilicon reinforcement agent for the anti-freeze-and-thaw protection of soil sites, Qingtai site soil and the ZDS-2 organosilicon reinforcement agent were used as raw materials. The optimal ratio of modified soil samples with different freeze–thaw cycles was obtained by laboratory tests. The strengthening mechanism of the ZDS-2 organosilicon reinforcement agent under freeze–thaw cycles was revealed by a microscopic test. The test results showed that the ZDS-2 organosilicon reinforcement agent can inhibit the volume expansion of soil samples caused by the freeze–thaw cycle. After nine freeze–thaw cycles, the shear strength of the soil samples, to which 15% ZDS-2 organosilicon reinforcement agent was added, increased by 53.4% on average compared with plain soil. The highly cross-linked organic–inorganic hybrid network structure formed between the siloxane group in the ZDS-2 organosilicon reinforcement agent and the soil particles can fill the pores and form a protective layer. The experimental results provided a basis and reference for the research of freeze–thaw-resistant materials for soil sites in seasonally frozen soil areas.
DW-MLSR: Unsupervised Deformable Medical Image Registration Based on Dual-Window Attention and Multi-Latent Space
Authors: Huang Yuxuan , Yin Mengxiao , Li Zhipan , Yang Feng
Published: December 2024

(1) Background: In recent years, the application of Transformers and Vision Transformers (ViTs) in medical image registration has been constrained by sliding attention mechanisms, which struggle to effectively capture non-adjacent but critical structures, such as the hippocampus and ventricles in the brain. Additionally, the lack of labels in unsupervised registration often leads to overfitting. (2) To address these issues, we propose a novel method, DW-MLSR, based on dual-window attention and multi-latent space. The dual-window attention mechanism enhances the transmission of information across non-adjacent structures, while the multi-latent space improves the model’s generalization by learning latent image representations. (3) Experimental results demonstrate that DW-MLSR outperforms mainstream registration models, showcasing significant potential in medical image registration. (4) The DW-MLSR method addresses the limitations of sliding attention in transmitting information between non-adjacent windows, improves the performance of unsupervised registration, and demonstrates broad application prospects in medical image registration.
Stability and pH-Dependent Mechanism of Astaxanthin-Loaded Nanoemulsions Stabilized by Almond Protein Isolate
Authors: Yang Qingrui , Qi Wenhui , Shao Yutong , Zhang Xu , Wu Fengyang , Zhang Zhisheng
Published: December 2024

Pickering emulsions (PEs) of natural plant proteins enriched in fat-soluble components are gaining consumer interest for healthier and sustainable products. The aim of this study is to prepare PEs for stabilizing almond protein isolated (API) particles loaded with astaxanthin using ultrasound technology. The loose structure of the API at pH levels of 3 and 12, with contact angles of 68.92° and 72.56°, respectively, facilitated its transfer from the aqueous to the oil phase. The adsorption of the API at the oil–water interface was 71.56% and 74.69% at pH levels of 3 and 12, respectively, which was significantly higher than that of the emulsions at other pH levels (5, 7, and 9). After 14 days of storage at 4 °C, PEs at pH levels of 3 and 12 did not undergo phase separation, with small and homogeneous droplets. CLSM revealed a monolayer arrangement of the API at the oil–water interface. These results indicate that PE is more stable at pH levels of 3 and 12 than at other pH levels (5, 7, and 9). In addition, the stabilized astaxanthin PE showed the largest astaxanthin encapsulation (91.43%) at a pH of 3. The emulsions had significantly lower a* values and higher L* values at a pH of 3 compared to a pH of 12, indicating better astaxanthin stability in the PEs. These results will help to expand the application of API-PE loaded with astaxanthin at different pH values.