bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENERAPAN MODEL INKUIRI TERBIMBING DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MENULIS LAPORAN
Authors: Rozak Abdu , Jaja - , Rudianto -
Published: June 2020

Learning Bahasa Indonesia is deemed to disregard the students’ characteristics including the level of maturity and thinking capability. An appropriate teaching model for grade eight students of junior high school is assumed not the one that releases students to be really independent (free inquiry) rather than the one which is guided (guided inquiry). This needs investigation and this study tries to do so. The main objective of this study is to investigate whether there is significant difference in the writing ability between the students who were subjected to guided inquiry learning model as an experimental group and the students who were grouped in free inquiry learning model. The procedures of guided inquiry are similar to those of free inquiry:  problem identification, data collection, data analysis and conclusions/ making a product. The difference is that guided inquiry emphasize more on the guidance. The guidance is in the form of worksheets that facilitate students to learn. The research was conducted on grade eight of junior high school students in SMP 1 Tengah Tani, Cirebon. To determine the students’ ability in writing reports, a pre-and post-tests were conducted to both control and experimental groups. In addition, an observation was also carried out when treatments were being implemented. Based on t-test statistical analysis on final test scores, there was a significant difference between students’ writing ability in experimental and control groups. The value of t-observe is less than t-table, in probability level 0.05 (p <0.05). This means that the students who learned writing report through guided inquiry model out performed those who learned through (free) inquiry model. The procedures of guided inquiry model are basically inquiry model, but in the learning process, the students should be guided by the teacher. The guidance can be in form of students’ worksheet:  challenge activity. With this worksheet, students were observed to be more independence, though not many discoveries were made. Many student compositions were found to have inappropriate development from writing outline to be a composition and ingrammatical sentences. While linguistic errors lied on spelling, word arrangement and capitalization. Therefore, teaching Bahasa Indonesia should be cautious on the selection of appropriate models. And, the teachers should keep in mind to teach the language aspects as well.
PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR PIDATO BERDASARKAN KARAKTERISTIK PIDATO SERTA IMPLIKASINYA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Muji - , Kusmana Suherli
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan bahan ajar teks pidato siswa kelas 6 Sekolah Dasar. Materi  ini disusun untuk mempermudah peserta didik dalam memahami materi teks pidato. Selain itu, dengan kajian naskah pidato ini diharapkan peserta didik dapat memahami dan membuat naskah pidato. Bahan ajar teks pidato yang dikembangkan ini dengan cara mengkaji naskah teks pidato dari lomba pidato pada lomba Festifal Lomba Seni Siswa Nasional (FLS2N) tingkat Sekolah Dasar di Kecamatan Plered dan contoh naskah pidato pada media internet. Selain itu dari kebutuhan siswa dan guru akan dibuat materi bahan ajar teks pidato. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian dan pengembangan (R&D) dengan langkah penelitian meliputi studi pendahuluan, pengembangan bahan ajar dan uji bahan ajar. Analisis data yang dilakukan berdasarkan pengelompokan  data dengan analisis secara deskriptif dan perhitungan datra statistik. Berdasarkan hasil implementasi bahan ajar teks pidato berdasarkan karakteristiknya, diketahui aktivitas guru menunjukan hasil yang baik dalam menerapkan model pembelajaran individu dan kelompok. Aktivitas peserta didik menunjukan sikap aktif dengan bahan ajar yang digunakan. Dari hasil uji  coba penggunaan bahan ajaryang diukur bersadarkan uji t terbukti signifikan. Oleh karena itu, bahan ajar mendengarkan teks pidato ini efektif digunakan dalam pembelajaran teks pidato di Sekolah Dasar.
KAJIAN UNSUR-UNSUR SEMANTIK PADA BUKU TEKS BAHASA INDONESIA KELAS VIII KURIKULUM 2013
Authors: Firmansyah Asep
Published: June 2020

Buku teks memegang peranan penting dalam memperlancar aktivitas siswa dalam pembelajaran, baik di dalam kelas maupun di luar kelas. Semakin baik kualitas buku teks, maka semakin sempurna pengajaran mata pelajaran yang ditunjang oleh buku teks tersebut, termasuk mata pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia. Sebuah buku teks tidak hanya perlu ditelaah dari segi nilainya, tetapi juga ditelaah dari segi jangkauan materi pelajarannya. Banyaknya pengadaan buku teks oleh pihak-pihak penerbit, menyebabkan guru kesulitan dan kebingungan dalam menentukan buku teks mana yang akan digunakan. Oleh karena itu, seperti hal yang penulis ungkapkan di atas, seorang guru harus pandai memilih buku teks yang sesuai dengan kurikulum dan kebutuhan siswa agar tujuan pembelajaran dapat tercapai dengan baik. Oleh karena itu sudah sepatutnya seorang guru memiliki pengetahuan dan keterampilan dalam menelaah sebuah buku teks untuk menyesuaikan buku teks dengan kurikulum yang berlaku sehingga tujuan pembelajaran dapat tercapai dengan maksimal. Penelaahan tersebut mencakup berbagai hal yang terdapat dalam buku teks, termasuk dalam aspek semantiknya. Sebab melalui penelaahan semantik, seseorang akan mampu memahami makna dari setiap bahasa yang disajikan sehingga orang tersebut akan lebih mendalami maksud yang terkandung dalam suatu teks. Dengan demikian, dalam penelitian ini penulis akan (1) mendeskripsikan unsur-unsur semantik yang dibelajarkan dalam buku teks bahasa Indonesia kelas VIII kurikulum 2013, (2) mendeskripsikan jenis unsur-unsur semantik apa saja yang terdapat dalam buku teks bahasa Indonesia  kelas VIII kurikulum 2013, (3) dan untuk memaparkan keterkaitan antara unsur semantik yang ada dengan bahan ajar yang dibelajarkan pada siswa kelas VIII. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu deskriptif analitis. Data dalam penelitian ini berupa teks yang terdapat dalam bahan ajar (buku teks). Adapun teknik analisis datanya yaitu deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil analisis dari kajian unsur-unsur semantik pada buku teks kelas VIII kurikulum 2013 yaitu meliputi penamaan, sinonim dan antonim, polisemi, majas, hipernim dan hiponim, menemukan makna kata ulang, makna leksikal dan gramatikal, makna referensial dan nonreferensial, dan makna afektif. Hasil akhir kajian ini menyimpulkan bahwa di dalam buku teks tersebut terdapat banyak unsur semantik yang tersebar dalam teks-teks. Keadaan ini dapat dikatakan bahwa teks-teks yang terdapat dalam buku teks kelas VIII kurikulum 2013 tidak dapat terlepas dari unsur semantik walaupun unsur semantik yang sengaja diajarkan tidak sebanyak hasil analisis penulis.
Structural epilepsy in children: risk factors, clinical and electroencephalographic manifestations and therapy
Authors: Murachueva F. A. , Geybatova L. G.
Published: June 2020

The article presents the results of a retrospective study of 150 children aged 1 to 6 years old, divided into three groups: 50 children with structural epilepsy with cerebral palsy, 50 children with cerebral palsy without epilepsy, but with epileptiform changes in the electroencephalogram (EEG) and 50 neurologically healthy children with epileptiform discharges in the EEG. All patients performed analyze of medical history, general clinical and neurological examination, EEG, neuroimaging study (CT-scan or magnetic resonance imaging). As a result of the analysis of the obtained data, the risk factors for the development of epilepsy were established: a burdened obstetric history, the threat of abortion, gestosis, prematurity, hardware resuscitation, low Apgar rating, neonatal seizures, diffuse epileptiform activity on the EEG, generalized epileptiform activity, delayed formation of spontaneous electrogen, specific epileptiform patterns, as well as confirmed structural pathology. Effective therapeutic control of seizures was achieved in 18 % of cases.
Ammonia level of capillary blood in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Osipenko M. F. , Krasner Ya. A. , Borodin I. D. , Kholin V. D.
Published: June 2020

The article demonstrates results of research of ammonia level in capillary blood in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) depending on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) presence. There is a trend in elevation of ammonia level in capillary blood in patients with IBD and NAFLD, especially if small intestine is affected.
Indicators of oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction in patients with coronary atherosclerosis while taking statins
Authors: Kotova Yu. A. , Zuykova A. A. , Pashkov A. N. , Strakhova N. V. , Krasnorutskaya O. N.
Published: June 2020

The aim of the study was to study the changes in clinical and biochemical parameters in patients with different severity of coronary atherosclerosis, depending on the administration of lipid‑lowering therapy. The study included 354 patients with coronary heart disease. All patients underwent coronary angiography with the calculation of the Gensini index. Patients were determined the level of oxidative modification of proteins, RF‑reactive protein, homocysteine and superoxide dismutase activity depending on the administration of lipid‑lowering therapy (statins). A statistical relationship between the group of patients divided by the Gensini index and statin intake was revealed. In the assessment of clinical and anthropometric indicators, significant differences in BMI, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure level were established. In assessing the lipid profile revealed significant differences between the study groups in the level of total cholesterol and the level of HDL‑cholesterol. Low adherence to lipid‑lowering therapy was noted in patients with hemodynamically significant coronary atherosclerosis. In this regard, it remains necessary to search for residual risk markers, taking into account the importance of non‑lipid risk factors.
Methodological approaches in diagnostics of anomalies of form and dimensions of dental arc taking into account individual morphological features
Authors: Davydov B. N. , Dmitrienko S. V. , Domenyuk D. A. , Ivancheva E. N.
Published: June 2020

The results of a biometric study of gypsum models of 174 people of the first period of adulthood with physiological occlusion of permanent teeth made it possible to calculate the boundaries of variability under normodontism, macrodontism, and microdontism for upper and lower dental arches. The length of the upper dental arch during normodontism with an interval of ‘three sigma’ varied from 109 to 117 mm, and the length of the lower dental arch was 101 to 114 mm. A decrease in biometric values by odontometric indicator beyond the limits of sigmal deviations for normodont indicators made it possible to distinguish a micro-type of dental arches, and an increase in biometric values – macro-standard. The calculated data on the relative morphometric values of the dental arches, the index of the ratio of the length of the dental arch to the transversal sizes (normodontism: upper jaw at 1.85 ± 0.20 cu, lower jaw at 1.94 ± 0.20 cu; macrodontism: upper jaw at 1.86 ± 0.03 cu; lower jaw at 1.88 ± 0.02 cu; microdontism: upper jaw at 1.82 ± 0.01 cu, the lower jaw at 1.83 ± 0.02 cu), as well as the index of the ratio of the length of the dental arch to the sum of the diagonal dimensions of both sides (normodontism: upper jaw at 1.05 ± 0.02 cu, lower jaw at 1.10 ± 0.02 cu; macrodontism: upper jaw at 1.07 ± 0.01 cu, lower jaw at 1.08 ± 0.02 cu; microdontism: upper jaw at 1.06 ± 0.02 cu, lower jaw at 1.09 ± 0.02 cu), it is advisable to use for the diagnosis of anomalies in the shape and size of the dental arches in clinical orthodontics and orthopedic dentistry.
Digital planning as method for preventing complications during sinus lifting surgery
Authors: Kutsenko A. P. , Aleshin D. S. , Dolgalev A. A. , Zelensky V. A. , Lezhava N. L. , Amkhadov I. S. , Gergieva T. F.
Published: June 2020

The method of digital planning of the sinus-lifting operation using data from computed tomography, laser surface scanning of the dentition, as well as a number of computer programs, the use of which in the treatment of tooth loss allows you to accurately position the window for lateral access to the maxillary sinus. This technique is based on digital planning for open sinus-lift surgery.
Current trends in analytical determination of vitamin D
Authors: Khabarov S. V. , Vislotskiy N. A. , Denisova O. V. , Navasardyants D. G.
Published: June 2020

Measurement of vitamin D has increased significantly in recent years. Most studies focused on 25(OH)D, which is considered the best indicator of vitamin D status, while there is now more interest in the combined measurement of several clinically significant vitamin D metabolites using the LC–MS/MS technique, which allows simultaneous determination of various vitamin D metabolites over a wide dynamic range. Multi-panel LC–MS/MS analyses are likely to improve future research on the optimal combination of metabolites to assess vitamin D sufficiency, as well as help us better understand its metabolism in normal and pathological changes in the human body. The review examines current trends in analytical determination of vitamin D status and their application in clinical studies.
Manifestations of Besnier-Boeck-Schaumann sarcoidosis on skin
Authors: Akimov V. G.
Published: June 2020

Besnier-Boeck-Schaumann sarcoidosis is a multisystemic disease of unknown etiology. Only about 25 % of patients have cutaneous involvement. Every patient with cutaneous sarcoidosis should be evaluated for possible systemic sarcoidosis. This article contains descriptions and original images of clinical forms of the disease: miliary sarcoidosis, circinate sarcoidosis, nodular sarcoidosis, angiolupoid (Brocq-Potrier), lupus pernio (Besnier-Tennesson), erythema nodosum, subcutaneous sarcoidosis (Darier-Roussy). Differential diagnosis and treatment of patients are discussed.
Mildronate. Chronic fatigue syndrome
Authors: Filippova A. V. , Pereverzev A. P. , Ebzeeva E. Yu. , Ostroumova O. D.
Published: June 2020

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a state of constant, impairing quality of life, fatigue, lasting more than 6 months, inexplicable by any of coexisting patient’s pathological conditions. The prevalence of CFS in the world is approximately 2 % of the population (120–140 mln inhabitants of Earth). The etiology of CFS is unknown. Several theories of development of CFS have been proposed (immune, infectious, endocrine, metabolic, neurological, psychiatric), however, none of them fully explains the clinical manifestations of CFS. There is no specific treatment for this condition. This article presents the clinical case of a patient B 45 years old with CFS, who received treatment with regular physical exercises, diet (limiting consumption of coffee and caffeine-containing products, alcohol, salt intake to less than 5 g per day, an increase in the consumption of plant foods and products containing potassium, calcium, magnesium), as well as intake of Mildronat, a positive dynamics was observed, manifested by an increase in productivity at work, decrease in fatigue, a decrease in the daily variability of blood pressure and a decrease in heart rate at rest.
Muhammed Emîn eş-Şirvânî ve Şerhuʼl-Beyteyniʼl-Meşhûrateyn Risalesiʼnin Tahkîk ve Çevirisi
Authors: Abdullayev Kamran
Published: June 2020

Muhammed Emîn eş-Şirvânî XVI. Asırda yaşamış bilim adamlarının en önemlilerinden biridir. Eğitiminin tamamını Kuzey Azerbaycanʼda alan müellif, hayâtının geri kalan kısmını Osmanlı Devletiʼnde geçirmiş ve İstanbulʼda vefât etmiştir. Tefsîr, mantık, akâid, Arap Dili ve diğer alanlarda yaklaşık otuz eser telîf etmiş müellifin bazı eserleri henüz yeni bulunulmuştur. Eş-Şirvânî hakkında makâle, tez ve kitap olarak çok sayıda çalışma yapılmış olsa da müellifin Azerbaycanʼda nerelerde eğitim aldığı, nisbesi ve ailesi gibi bazı konular hakkında bilgi verilmemiştir. Çalışmada eş-Şirvânîʼnin nisbesi çeşitli yazma eserlere istinâd edilerek açıklığa kavuşturulmuştur. Aynı zamanda müellifin kaynaklarda belirtilmeyen bazı eserleri kısaca tanıtılmıştır. Müellifin Şerhuʼl-Beytenyiʼl-Meşhûrateyn risâlesi Kütüphâne-yi Meclis-i Şûrâ-yı Millî ve Süleymâniye nüshaları esas alınarak tahkîk ve tercüme edilmiş, risâle hakkında kısaca değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Makâlenin amacı Muhammed Emîn eş-Şirvânîʼnin bazı müelliflerce hatâlı tanıtılan nisbesini açıklığa kavuşturmak, literatüre belli olmayan eserlerini tanıtmak ve Şerhuʼl-Beyteyn risâlesini farklı bir nüshayla tahkîk ve tercüme etmektir.
İç Bütünlük Açısından Mâûn Suresi
Authors: Kaya Ali
Published: June 2020

Ayetlerin meydana getirdiği ve Kur’an bölümleri olan sureler, uzunluk ve kısalıklarına göre bazen bir bazen de birden çok konuyu işlerler. Üslup, vezin, konu, büyüklük gibi birçok açıdan Mekkî ve Medenî sureleri birbirlerinden ayırmak mümkündür. Mekkî surelerde tevhit, ahiret ve nübüvvet gibi temelde üç ana tema ele alınır. Medenî surelerde ise bunlara ilaveten genel itibariyle sosyal ve bireysel hayata ilişkin hükümlere, ibadetlere ve Yahudi ve Hristiyanlarla ilgili açıklamalara yer verilir. Âlimlerin çoğunluğu tarafından Mekkî bir sure olduğu ifade edilen Mâun suresi, konu, üslup ve nüzul dönemi itibariyle erken dönemde nazil olan kısa bir sure olmasına karşın, tefsirlerde parçacı bir yaklaşımla ve iki bölüm halinde tefsir edilmiştir. Özellikle 4-7. ayetler münafıklarla ilişkilendirilerek açıklanmış, buna bağlı olarak salat, riya, veyl ve mâûn sözcükleri Kur’an ve sure bütünlüğünde taşıdıkları anlamlar dikkate alınmadan izah edilmişlerdir. Bu çalışmada, Mâûn suresinin Mekkî ve “bütün bir sure” olduğu düşüncesi, değişik açılardan ve farklı başlıklar altında incelenmiştir.
el-Fıkhü’l-Ekber Şerhleri Üzerine Mukayeseli Bir Analiz
Authors: Öztürk Yunus
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışma, şerhin metni tekrar eden değil, metni aşan bir telif türü olduğu varsayımını temellendirmek için Ebû Hanîfe’nin el-Fıkhü’l-ekber adlı eserinin şerhleri arasında bir mukayeseyi konu edinmektedir. Ebû Hanîfe, Sünnî düşüncesinin mümessillerinin başında yer aldığı için eserleri, İslâm düşünesinde ilgiyle karşılanmıştır. Bunlar arasında el-Fıkhü’l-ekber adlı eser, daha ön plandadır. Bu sebeple olsa gerek el-Fıkhü’l-ekber, özellikle Osmanlılar döneminde de birçok defa şerh edilmiştir. Mukayesemizi Osmanlı dönemi şârihleri İlyas b. İbrâhîm es-Sînobî, Ali el-Kârî, Ebü’l-Müntehâ el-Mağnisâvî ve Bahaeddinzâde ile sınırlandırdık. Bütün konular üzerinde dört şerhin analizi makale boyutunu aşacağı için çalışmamızı ilgili şerhlerdeki belirli konularla kayıtlandırdık. Makalede el-Fıkhü’l-ekber’e yönelik anılan şerhler üzerinde mukayeseli bir analiz yöntemi takip edilecektir. Sonuç olarak aynı metin üzerinde farklı müelliflerin şerhlerine yansıyan kelâmî arka planları, şerh geleneği ve Osmanlı kelâm geleneği açısından eserlerin taşıdığı değeri ortaya koymayı hedeflemekteyiz. Ayrıca müelliflerin biyografilerini de göz önünde bulundurarak el-Fıkhü’l-ekber şerhlerindeki kelâm ve tasavvuf karşılaşması hakkında bazı muhtemel çıkarımlarda da bulunacağız.
Hafız Kemal Batanay’ın Besteli Mevlidi
Authors: Öncel Mehmet
Published: June 2020

İslam sanatlarının hemen hemen her sahasında kendisine hususi bir yer bulan mevlid, toplumu bir arada tutan mühim geleneklerden birisidir. Bu çalışmanın konusu XIX. Yüzyılın sonlarında doğmuş XX. Yüzyılın son dönemlerine kadar yaşamış dini mûsikî sahasına önemli katkıları olmuş Hafız Kemal Batanay’ın hayatı, mûsikîşinaslığı ve 1956 yılında Yeni İstanbul gazetesinin açmış olduğu yarışmaya isnaden bestelemiş olduğu mevlidin ilk bahrinin notasyonu ve makam tahlili hakkındadır. Gerek mûsikî gerekse edebî sahada mevlidin tanımı ve tarihçesine dair akademik pek çok çalışma yapılmıştır. Bu sebepten ötürü mevlidin tanımı, tarihçesi hakkındaki bilgiler ilgili çalışmalara havale edilmiştir. Makalenin ana hedefi hakkında akademik çalışma yapılmayan bu besteli mevlidin tanıtılmasıdır. Nitel araştırma yöntemi ile kaleme alınan bu çalışmada öncelikle veriler tarama yöntemi ile ele alınmıştır. Elde edilen içerikler ise içerik analizi yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Hafız Kemal’e ait besteli mevlidin ilk bahrinin notasyonu Finale 2014 nota yazım programı ile yazılmıştır. İlgili bahrin makam tahlili Arel-Ezgi sistemine göre irdelenmiştir.
Hıristiyan Kutsal Metinlerinde Tartışmalı Bir Figür: Mecdelli Meryem
Authors: Kurt Fidan Maksude
Published: June 2020

Hıristiyan geleneğinde İsa’nın annesi Bakire Meryem’den sonra ona en yakın olan kadının Mecdelli Meryem olduğunu ifade etmek gerekir. Yeni Ahit’te onun İsa’ya görevinde yardımcı olan kadınlardan biri olduğu ve çarmıh sonrasında İsa’nın dirilişini diğer havarilere haber veren kişi olduğu belirtilmektedir. Kanonik kaynaklarda kendisi hakkında çok fazla bilgi verilmese de özellikle kanonik olmayan kaynaklar açısından Mecdelli Meryem’in erken dönem Hıristiyan topluluğu içerisinde çok önemli bir konuma sahip olduğunu söyleyebiliriz. Nitekim Mecdelli Meryem, Hıristiyalığın ilk yüzyıllarına ait ve İsa’nın dirilişi sonrasında havarileri ile konuşmalarını içeren bazı metinlerde de temel konuşmacılardan biri olarak dikkati çekmektedir. Hatta manevi hakikatleri anlama noktasında İsa tarafından sık sık övgüye mazhar olmaktadır. Yine Hıristiyanlığın ilk yüzyıllarına ait kaynaklarda bazı erkek havarilerin Mecdelli Meryem’in bu konumundan ciddi rahatsızlık duyduğu ve İsa’ya tepki gösterdiği de vurgulanmaktadır. Öte yandan Hıristiyanlık tarihine baktığımızda uzunca bir süre Mecdelli Meryem’in sonradan tövbe etmiş günahkâr bir kadın olarak tasvir edildiğini görürüz. Son dönemlerde bu anlayışın yanlışlığı resmi olarak kabul edilse de günümüzde halen Mecdelli Meryem’in gerçek kimliği önemli bir tartışma konusudur. Mecdelli Meryem İsa’nın eşi midir yoksa çok değer verdiği bir havarisi mi? İşte bu çalışmada hem kanonik hem de kanonik olmayan Hıristiyan kaynaklarında Mecdelli Meryem’in nasıl tasvir edildiği mukayese edilerek Mecdelli Meryem’in Hıristiyanlık tarihindeki yeri ve öneminin tespit edilmesi amaçlanmaktadır.
Beyhakî’nin el-Esmâ ve’s-Sıfât Adlı Eseri Özelinde Ehl-i Hadîs’in Haberî Sıfât Anlayışına Farklı Bir Yaklaşım
Authors: Asar Muhammet Ali
Published: June 2020

Hicri beşinci asır, İslâmî ilimlerde etkileri günümüze kadar ulaşan önemli şahsiyetlerin yetiştiği, temel kaynakların telif edildiği bir dönemdir. Bu dönemde, İslâmî ilimlerin hemen her dalında eser telif eden ilmi şahsiyetlerden birisi de Beyhakī’dir (ö. 458/1066). Beyhakī’nin eserlerinden, dönemindeki ilmî ve fikrî meselelere duyarsız kalmadığı anlaşılmaktadır. Bu dönemin aktüel tartışma konularından birisi Allah’ın sıfatları meselesidir. Konu bağlamında meydana gelen tartışmaların İslam’ın siyasi ve itikâdî tarihine ciddi etkileri olmuştur. Bu tartışmaların etkisi hadis kaynaklarına da yansımış ve hadis literatüründe erken dönemden itibaren bu mesele etrafında bir edebî tür oluşmuştur. Bu alanda telif edilen eserlerin bir kısmı el-Esmâ ve’ṣ-ṣıfât olarak isimlendirilmiştir. Beyhakī de, ehl-i sünnetin delillerini güçlendirmek ve bid‘atleri ortadan kaldırmak üzere el-Esmâ ve’ṣ-ṣıfât adlı eserini yazmıştır. Bu makalede, Beyhakī’nin İslâmî ilimler tarihindeki yerine işaret edilmekte, el-Esmâ ve’ṣ-ṣıfât adlı eseri muhteva ve metot açısından incelenmekte, Beyhakī’nin bu eser özelinde Allah’ın haberî sıfatlarına yaklaşımı tespit edilmeye çalışılmaktadır. Bu çerçevede şu somut sorulara cevap aranmaktadır. “Beyhakī, haberî sıfatları kabul etme, anlama ve yorumlama konusunda ehl-i hadisin ilk dört asırdaki egemen görüşünü benimsemekte midir?”,“Bu sıfatlara yaklaşımı ehl-i hadisten farklı mıdır?”, “Bu konuda kendisinden sonraki hadisçiler üzerindeki etkisi nedir?” Makalede, Beyhakī’nin Kur’ân ve sünnette geçen ve Allah’a nispet edilen vech, ayn, yed gibi müteşâbih lafızları, sıfat olarak kabul ettiği ve bu sıfatları yorumladığı ortaya konmaktadır.
Investigating Seasonal Succession Patterns in Mesozooplankton Community Structure Following Hurricane Harvey
Authors: Topor Zachary M. , Robinson Kelly L. , Turcu Andrea
Published: June 2020

The northern Gulf of Mexico (nGOM) is a highly productive region and supports some of the world’s largest fisheries. Mesozooplankton represent a key linkage in coastal food webs for larval fish, both as food and as competition. While many studies have investigated seasonal patterns of mesozooplankton off the Louisiana coast and in the Mississippi Bight, there is little information about mesozooplankton communities on the Texas shelf. In this study, we investigated environmental drivers of mesozooplankton community variability over space and time. Samples were collected on the Texas shelf near Galveston Bay at seasonal intervals following Hurricane Harvey. Total mesozooplankton abundance were found to be highest in September. Diversity exhibited a hump-shaped pattern over the 6 months sampled, with the highest diversity occurring in October 2017. Taxa richness did not vary over the sampling period. Significant differences in mesozooplankton community structure were found only between September 2017 and March 2018. Community abundance was greatest nearshore, and zooplankton diversity was greatest on the shelf. Community structure was found to be driven by both temperature and salinity. Spatial and temporal patterns of specific larval fish prey are presented.
A Contemporary Analysis of Aircraft Maintenance-Related Accidents and Serious Incidents
Authors: Insley Jennifer , Turkoglu Cengiz
Published: June 2020

Aircraft maintenance has been identified as a key point of concern within many high-risk areas of aviation; still being a casual/contributory factor in a number of accidents and serious incidents in commercial air transport industry. The purpose of this study is to review and analyse the aircraft maintenance-related accidents and serious incidents which occurred between 2003 and 2017, to provide a better understanding of the causal and contributory factors. To achieve this, a dataset of maintenance-related accidents and serious incidents was compiled and then qualitatively analysed by thematic analysis method. Coding these events by using NVivo software enabled the development of a taxonomy, MxFACS. The coded output was then evaluated by subject matter experts, and an inter-rater concordance value determined to demonstrate the rigour of the research process. Subsequently, the events were evaluated in terms of their relationship to known accident categories such as loss of control, runway excursions. The most frequent maintenance event consequences were found to be runway excursions and air turnbacks, with the second level categories being related to failures in engine and landing gear systems. The greatest maintenance factor issues were ‘inadequate maintenance procedures’ and ‘inspections not identifying defects’. In terms of fatalities, ‘collision events’ were the most prominent consequence, ‘engine-related events’ were the most significant event, and ‘inadequate maintenance procedures’ were the most concerning maintenance factor. The study’s findings may be used in conjunction with existing risk analysis methodologies and enable the stakeholders to develop generic or customised bowties. This may identify the existing barriers in the system as well as weaknesses which will enable the development of mitigation strategies on both organisational and industry-wide levels.
RiceSAP: An Efficient Satellite-Based AquaCrop Platform for Rice Crop Monitoring and Yield Prediction on a Farm- to Regional-Scale
Authors: Veerakachen Watcharee , Raksapatcharawong Mongkol
Published: June 2020

Advanced technologies in the agricultural sector have been adopted as global trends in response to the impact of climate change on food sustainability. An ability to monitor and predict crop yields is imperative for effective agronomic decision making and better crop management. This work proposes RiceSAP, a satellite-based AquaCrop processing system for rice whose climatic input is derived from TERRA/MODIS-LST and FY-2/IR-rainfall products to provide crop monitoring and yield prediction services at regional-scale with no need for weather station. The yield prediction accuracy is significantly improved by our proposed recalibration algorithm on the simulated canopy cover (CC) using Sentinel-2 NDVI product. A developed mobile app provides an intuitive interface for collecting farm-scale inputs and providing timely feedbacks to farmers to make informed decisions. We show that RiceSAP could predict yields 2 months before harvest with a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 14.8%, in the experimental field. Further experiments on randomly selected 20 plots with various soil series showed comparable results with an average MAPE of 16.7%. Thus, this work is potentially applicable countrywide; and can be beneficial to all stakeholders in the entire rice supply chain for effective adaptation to climate change.
Varespladib Inhibits the Phospholipase A2 and Coagulopathic Activities of Venom Components from Hemotoxic Snakes
Authors: Xie Chunfang , Albulescu Laura-Oana , Still Kristina B. M. , Slagboom Julien , Zhao Yumei , Jiang Zhengjin , Somsen Govert W. , Vonk Freek J. , Casewell Nicholas R. , Kool Jeroen
Published: June 2020

Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) enzymes are important toxins found in many snake venoms, and they can exhibit a variety of toxic activities including causing hemolysis and/or anticoagulation. In this study, the inhibiting effects of the small molecule PLA2 inhibitor varespladib on snake venom PLA2s was investigated by nanofractionation analytics, which combined chromatography, mass spectrometry (MS), and bioassays. The venoms of the medically important snake species Bothrops asper, Calloselasma rhodostoma, Deinagkistrodon acutus, Daboia russelii, Echis carinatus, Echis ocellatus, and Oxyuranus scutellatus were separated by liquid chromatography (LC) followed by nanofractionation and interrogation of the fractions by a coagulation assay and a PLA2 assay. Next, we assessed the ability of varespladib to inhibit the activity of enzymatic PLA2s and the coagulopathic toxicities induced by fractionated snake venom toxins, and identified these bioactive venom toxins and those inhibited by varespladib by using parallel recorded LC-MS data and proteomics analysis. We demonstrated here that varespladib was not only capable of inhibiting the PLA2 activities of hemotoxic snake venoms, but can also effectively neutralize the coagulopathic toxicities (most profoundly anticoagulation) induced by venom toxins. While varespladib effectively inhibited PLA2 toxins responsible for anticoagulant effects, we also found some evidence that this inhibitory molecule can partially abrogate procoagulant venom effects caused by different toxin families. These findings further emphasize the potential clinical utility of varespladib in mitigating the toxic effects of certain snakebites.
Brain Metastases Unresponsive to Immunotherapy Detected by 18F-FDG-PET/CT in a Patient with Melanoma
Authors: Fonti Rosa , Pellegrino Sara , Mainolfi Ciro Gabriele , Matano Elide , Del Vecchio Silvana
Published: June 2020

Recently, newer therapies such as immunotherapy have been increasingly used in the treatment of several tumors, including advanced melanoma. In particular, several studies showed that the combination of ipilimumab, an anti-Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte Associated Protein 4 (CTLA-4) monoclonal antibody and nivolumab, an anti-Programmed Death 1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibody, leads to improved survival in patients with metastatic melanoma. Despite that, immunotherapeutic agents may not reach therapeutic concentration in the brain due to the blood–brain barrier. We report the case of a 50-year-old man with advanced melanoma who underwent whole-body 18F-FDG-PET/CT before and after treatment with immunotherapy showing resistant brain metastases confirmed by subsequent MRI of the brain. Moreover, 18F-FDG-PET/CT was able to detect an immune-related adverse event such as enterocolitis that contributed to the worsening of patient conditions. This case shows how a whole-body methodology such as 18F-FDG-PET/CT can be useful in identifying melanoma cancer patients unresponsive to immunotherapy that may benefit from traditional palliative therapy in the effort to improve their quality of life.
Chaos Control and Synchronization of a Complex Rikitake Dynamo Model
Authors: Pang Wenkai , Wu Zekang , Xiao Yu , Jiang Cuimei
Published: June 2020

A novel chaotic system called complex Rikitake system is proposed. Dynamical properties, including symmetry, dissipation, stability of equilibria, Lyapunov exponents and bifurcation, are analyzed on the basis of theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Further, based on feedback control method, the complex Rikitake system can be controlled to any equilibrium points. Additionally, this paper not only proves the existence of two types of synchronization schemes in the complex Rikitake system but also designs adaptive controllers to realize them. The proposed results are verified by numerical simulations.
Self-Diagnosis of Multiphase Flow Meters through Machine Learning-Based Anomaly Detection
Authors: Barbariol Tommaso , Feltresi Enrico , Susto Gian Antonio
Published: June 2020

Measuring systems are becoming increasingly sophisticated in order to tackle the challenges of modern industrial problems. In particular, the Multiphase Flow Meter (MPFM) combines different sensors and data fusion techniques to estimate quantities that are difficult to be measured like the water or gas content of a multiphase flow, coming from an oil well. The evaluation of the flow composition is essential for the well productivity prediction and management, and for this reason, the quantification of the meter measurement quality is crucial. While instrument complexity is increasing, demands for confidence levels in the provided measures are becoming increasingly more common. In this work, we propose an Anomaly Detection approach, based on unsupervised Machine Learning algorithms, that enables the metrology system to detect outliers and to provide a statistical level of confidence in the measures. The proposed approach, called AD4MPFM (Anomaly Detection for Multiphase Flow Meters), is designed for embedded implementation and for multivariate time-series data streams. The approach is validated both on real and synthetic data.
An Inspired Machine-Learning Algorithm with a Hybrid Whale Optimization for Power Transformer PHM
Authors: Zhang Wei , Yang Xiaohui , Deng Yeheng , Li Anyi
Published: June 2020

The burgeoning prognostic and health management (PHM) engineering technology with superior performance has lately received extensive attention in the academic circle. Nevertheless, the various types of faults of the power transformer often lead to less accurate predictions and the instability of the power system. To address these problems, a power transformer PHM model with a hybrid machine learning method-approach is proposed in this paper. The model uses intelligent sensors to obtain dissolved gas analysis (DGA) data for fault diagnosis of the power transformer system, so as to compress the complexity of features (gas types) in the power transformer. In particular, to enhance the robustness of the model, we adopt a modified differential evolution whale optimization algorithm (MDE-WOA) to optimize the probabilistic neural network (PNN), namely, the classification performance of the model is improved by updating the smoothing factor ( σ ) of PNN. In addition, compared with other optimization algorithms, the MDE-WOA algorithm has a lower complexity and more stable optimization process. Finally, we evaluate this model with real world data from the power transformer sensor in Jiangxi province, China. The results indicated that the proposed algorithm could achieve the highest diagnostic accuracy in the fourth iteration, its accuracy having reached 98.86%. Therefore, the proposed PNN parameter optimization meta heuristic algorithm could effectively enhance the accuracy and efficiency of the power transformer fault diagnosis.
Model-Based Data Driven Approach for Fault Identification in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell
Authors: Bharath K. V. S. , Blaabjerg Frede , Haque Ahteshamul , Khan Mohammed Ali
Published: June 2020

This paper develops a model-based data driven algorithm for fault classification in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). The proposed approach overcomes the drawbacks of voltage and current density assumptions in conventional model-based fault identification methods and data limitations in existing data driven approaches. This is achieved by developing a 3D model of fuel cells (FC) based on semi empirical model, analytical representation of electrochemical model, thermal model, and impedance model. The developed model is simulated for membrane drying and flooding faults in PEMFC and their effects are identified for the action of varying temperature, pressure, and relative humidity. The ohmic, concentration, activation and cell voltage losses for the simulated faults are observed and processed with wavelet transforms for feature extraction. Furthermore, the support vector machine learning algorithm is adapted to develop the proposed fault classification approach. The performance of the developed classifier is tested for an unknown data and calibrated through classification accuracy. The results showed 95.5% training efficiency and 98.6% testing efficiency.
Analysis and Design of a High-Performance Traction Motor for Heavy-Duty Vehicles
Authors: Lee Dong-Kyu , Ro Jong-Suk
Published: June 2020

Due to environmental issues and depletion of resources, global attentiveness in electric vehicles (EVs) is growing. In particular, research on high specification motors for driving large EVs has attracted a lot of attention. In this study, an analysis and design process for a motor that can be universally applied in heavy vehicles to reduce environmental pollution was introduced. Motors for driving heavy vehicles require high specifications. Thus, an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) with a delta-shaped magnet array was used to improve the torque and power characteristics. A step skew rotor structure was also used to dampen vibration and noise by minimizing the high-order harmonics in the cogging torque. The proposed analysis and design approach also reduces the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the back electromotive force (EMF). The effectiveness of the proposed analysis and design process and the usefulness of the resulting high-performance traction motor for heavy-duty vehicles were verified via the finite element method (FEM) and by experiment.
Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Water Bodies around Typical Copper Mines in China
Authors: Liu Jingchao , Wu Jin , Feng Weiying , Li Xia
Published: June 2020

In order to understand the heavy metal pollution status and ecological effect in aquatic environment around copper mine areas, seven heavy metals (Cd, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Zn, the Ni, and Pb) in aquatic environments in seven representative copper mine regions were selected from the literature in 2005–2013 for ecological risk assessment by using potential ecological risk index, geoaccumulation index, nemerow index and species sensitivity distribution method (Potential Affected Fraction (PAF) and Multi-Substance PAF (MSPAF)). The results of sediment ecological risk analysis showed that Cd, Cu and Pb were the main pollutants in sediments. The results of species sensitivity distribution analysis showed that the HC5 values (Hazardous Concentration for 5% of species) of seven heavy metals were different with order Zn > Cr > Cd > Pb > Cu > Ni > Hg. The MSPAF of seven copper mines in the following order with species sensitivity distribution method was as follows: Dabaoshan (99%) = Dahongshan (99%) = Baiyin (99%) > Dexing (97%) > Jinchuan (92%) > Tongling (39%) > Daye (24%). This study analyzes the impact of copper mining on the aquatic environment, and the results of this study will be great value for the comprehensive pollution governance of mining.
Lagging and Flagging: Air Pollution, Shale Gas Exploration and the Interaction of Policy, Science, Ethics and Environmental Justice in England
Authors: Watterson Andrew , Dinan William
Published: June 2020

The science on the effects of global climate change and air pollution on morbidity and mortality is clear and debate now centres around the scale and precise contributions of particular pollutants. Sufficient data existed in recent decades to support the adoption of precautionary public health policies relating to fossil fuels including shale exploration. Yet air quality and related public health impacts linked to ethical and environmental justice elements are often marginalized or missing in planning and associated decision making. Industry and government policies and practices, laws and planning regulations lagged well behind the science in the United Kingdom. This paper explores the reasons for this and what shaped some of those policies. Why did shale gas policies in England fail to fully address public health priorities and neglect ethical and environmental justice concerns. To answer this question, an interdisciplinary analysis is needed informed by a theoretical framework of how air pollution and climate change are largely discounted in the complex realpolitik of policy and regulation for shale gas development in England. Sources, including official government, regulatory and planning documents, as well as industry and scientific publications are examined and benchmarked against the science and ethical and environmental justice criteria. Further, our typology illustrates how the process works drawing on an analysis of official policy documents and statements on planning and regulatory oversight of shale exploration in England, and material from industry and their consultants relating to proposed shale oil and gas development. Currently the oil, gas and chemical industries in England continue to dominate and influence energy and feedstock-related policy making to the detriment of ethical and environmental justice decision making with significant consequences for public health.
Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation Improves Respiratory Muscle Function and Functional Capacity in Children with Congenital Heart Disease. A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Ferrer-Sargues Francisco José , Peiró-Molina Esteban , Salvador-Coloma Pablo , Carrasco Moreno José Ignacio , Cano-Sánchez Ana , Vázquez-Arce María Isabel , Insa Albert Beatriz , Sepulveda Sanchis Pilar , Cebrià i Iranzo Maria Àngels
Published: June 2020

Critical surgical and medical advances have shifted the focus of congenital heart disease (CHD) patients from survival to achievement of a greater health-related quality of life (HRQoL). HRQoL is influenced, amongst other factors, by aerobic capacity and respiratory muscle strength, both of which are reduced in CHD patients. This study evaluates the influence of a cardiopulmonary rehabilitation program (CPRP) on respiratory muscle strength and functional capacity. Fifteen CHD patients, ages 12 to 16, with reduced aerobic capacity in cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) were enrolled in a CPRP involving strength and aerobic training for three months. Measurements for comparison were obtained at the start, end, and six months after the CPRP. A significant improvement of inspiratory muscle strength was evidenced (maximum inspiratory pressure 21 cm H2O, 23%, p < 0.01). The six-minute walking test showed a statistically and clinically significant rise in walked distance (48 m, p < 0.01) and a reduction in muscle fatigue (1.7 out of 10 points, p = 0.017). These results suggest CPRP could potentially improve respiratory muscle function and functional capacity, with lasting results, in children with congenital heart disease, but additional clinical trials must be conducted to confirm this finding.
Sex and Gender in Research on Healthcare Workers in Conflict Settings: A Scoping Review
Authors: Habib Rima R. , Halwani Dana A. , Mikati Diana , Hneiny Layal
Published: June 2020

The occupational health literature has established that sex and gender are associated with all dimensions of the workplace. Sex and/or gender (sex/gender) factors play an important role in shaping the experiences, exposures, and health outcomes of male and female healthcare providers working in war and conflict settings. This study aims to (1) assess how sex/gender is considered in the occupational health literature on healthcare workers in conflict settings, and (2) identify the gaps in incorporating sex/gender concepts in this literature. A scoping review was carried out and nine electronic databases were searched using a comprehensive search strategy. Two reviewers screened the titles/abstracts and full-texts of the studies using specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Key information was extracted from the studies and four themes were identified. Of 7679 identified records, 47 were included for final review. The findings underlined the harsh working conditions of healthcare workers practicing in conflict zones and showed sex/gender similarities and differences in experiences, exposures and health outcomes. This review revealed a dearth of articles with adequate consideration of sex/gender in the study design. Sex/gender-sensitive research in occupational health is necessary to develop effective occupational health and safety policies to protect men and women healthcare workers in conflict settings.
Sex Differences and the Influence of an Active Lifestyle on Adiposity in Patients with McArdle Disease
Authors: Rodríguez-Gómez Irene , Santalla Alfredo , Diez-Bermejo Jorge , Munguía-Izquierdo Diego , Alegre Luis M. , Nogales-Gadea Gisela , Arenas Joaquín , Martín Miguel A. , Lucia Alejandro , Ara Ignacio
Published: June 2020

McArdle disease (glycogenosis-V) is associated with exercise intolerance, however, how it affects an important marker of cardiometabolic health as it is adiposity remains unknown. We evaluated the association between physical activity (PA) and adiposity in patients with McArdle disease. We assessed 199 adults of both sexes (51 McArdle patients (36 ± 11 years) and 148 healthy controls (35 ± 10 years)). Body fat (BF) was determined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) method and each patient’s PA was assessed with the International PA Questionnaire (IPAQ). Although body mass index values did not differ between patients and controls, McArdle patients had significantly higher values of BF in all body regions (p < 0.05) and higher risk of suffering obesity (odds ratio (OR): 2.54, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.32–4.88). Male patients had higher BF and obesity risk (OR: 3.69, 95% CI: 1.46−9.34) than their sex-matched controls, but no differences were found within the female sex (p < 0.05). In turn, active female patients had lower trunk BF than their inactive peers (p < 0.05). Males with McArdle seem to have adiposity problems and a higher risk of developing obesity than people without the condition, while female patients show similar or even better levels in the trunk region with an active lifestyle. Therefore, special attention should be given to decrease adiposity and reduce obesity risk in males with McArdle disease.