bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Natural enemy population of corn main pests in Maros experimental station at various stages of plant growth
Authors: Saenong M. Sudjak , Irma  , Reskiani Suci , Indayani Yulia , Iffaf Astri Febriana , Yuni  , Rahmawati
Published: June 2020

The study of natural enemy population density among the main predator species of corn plants was conducted in Maros Experimental Station (ES), Research Institute for Cereal Crops in 2018. The research uses direct patrol techniques, conducted by making direct observations in the field to record the presence of natural enemies. The natural enemies are observed by referring to Shepard et al. (1987) about insects which are beneficial for biological control of food crop pests. Identification of the presence of these natural enemies was carried out on several stadia (stages) of corn plants and on grass or plant habitus around the observation area as a comparison. Determination of plant samples was carried out on research plots and blocks around the Maros ES. The observation plots used 3 replications by taking 20-30 samples of plants per replication or a total of 60-90 observation/block units. Deuteronomy is a plot divided into 3 plots of observation whose width is adjusted to the area and length of the plot of the study. The recording of the insect population of natural enemies was conducted by calculating the number in each replicate plot by taking pictures of all types of insects found on the plant and then the results were identified in line with the guide book. The results of the recording were tabulated to find out the total average number of natural enemy populations that appear on the observation plot/block. Observations show that in Maros EF, the natural enemies identified and found in the location of observations are 8 types, each of which are Harmonia octomaculata (Fabricius) also called dome beetle, Agriocnemis pygmaea (Rambur) or needle dragonfly, Micraspis sp. or coccinellid beetles, Oxyopes javanus (Thorel) or sharp eye spiders, Conocephalus longipennis (de Haan) or grasshoppers, Lycosa pseudoannulata (Boesenberg and Strand) or wolf spiders, Limnogonus fossarum (Fabricius) or water bedbug, Tetragnatha maxillosa (Thorell) or long jaw spider.
Test of resistance in some of rice varieties to pathogenic bacteria Burkholderia Glumae
Authors: Amirullah Jazman Chaerul , Baharuddin  , Kuswinanti Tutik
Published: June 2020

Burkholderia glumae is a bacterium that causes grain rot disease in rice plants. In Indonesia, the disease inflicts yield losses to farmers but there have been no clear reports of the level of the attacks. This study was aimed to determine the development of the grain rot symptoms and the resistance of several rice varieties to grain rot disease. Eleven rice varieties that had been widely used by the farmers in South Sulawesi Province tested in this experiment. The B. glumae isolate used came from previous studies in our laboratory. B. glumae inoculation was performed in the generative phases of the rice plants by spraying the flowering panicles. Observations in the form of the impact of B. glumae inoculation on symptom incubation, and resistance of the varieties against the rice grains disease. In the generative phase, typical symptoms of grain rot disease developed on the inoculated plants. The varieties reaction against the disease varied. Varieties of Inpari 30, Inpari 4, Cigeulis, Ciliwung, Ciherang, and Inpari were highly resistant; Mekongga, Inpari 32 and Sidenuk varieties were medium to strong, then Inpari 33 was medium. Then the Cisantana variety was low to moderate. Of the eleven varieties, Cisantana variety has the highest severity of 61.02% and variety resistance is weak to medium. Further testing in the laboratory is needed to determine the presence of B. glumae which has been inoculated into plant tissue by sampling symptomatic and asymptomatic rice plants.
Major pests and diseases of maize and availability of control technology
Authors: Rahmawati Dian , Samrin  , Baharudin  , Warda
Published: June 2020

The maize one commodities Indonesia of food, apart from rice, soybean, wheat and sorghum has the potential to feed, needs raw materials industries and handicrafts. To the improving quality and maize through to improved cultivation, varieties superior new, pest and disease control, handling harvest and post harvest. This paper aims to know pest and disease of the maize and strategic control. The lot of genus Athergiona in Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Srilangka, Pakistan, Pacific Islands and Australia. The pest caterpillar of Spodoptera litura also came from State Southern Europe, Africa, India, China, Asia, Indonesia, Australia, United States and other Pacific Countries until the United. The pest species A. oryzae, A. exigua, Oxya sp., S. litura, H. armigera, O. furnacalis, O. nubilalis, S. exempta and N. viridula attack plants of maize on form of imago and larva active on day and night. The larva and imago strike base the bones of leaves, hair on the tunny, shoots of panicles, male flowers and sucking the juices on cobs young. Pest attacks has caused perforated of leaves, slow growth, yellowing, epidermis leaves transparent, rot, cobs open and maize dead. The disease blight leaves on a maize caused of H. turcicum Pass., P. Sorghi Schwein., P. maydis, P. philippinensis, Fusarium sp., Diplodia sp. and bacteria Erwinia sp. Disease and bacteria attacking of leaves surface of the top and bottom leaves the whole leaves are yellow, dwarf plants, maize cobs foul part or all and fall. Symptoms attack look the epidermis burst and masses of spores free cause urediosorus, small patches, evolved into blight green grey or dark brown. Infectious disease occurring through stomata of maize leaves young. Overpopulation pest and disease attack on the highest for the climate change dry to rainfall, rainy season, factors wetlands due to flow of irrigation, because high air humidity as well as abundance of food. Pest control 70-90% using natural enemies Systoechus sp., M. anisopliae, Trichogramma. spp, E. annulata, B. thuringensis, H. armigera Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (HaNPV), birds, spiders, and chemical, carbofuran, decis, the active monokrotofos, triazofos, diklhrofos 2-3 g per plants. Biodiversity control disease blight leaves of maize using T. Viride and nordox 56wp chemistry. Culture pest and disease control technical of maize with land cultivation, varieties hold, multiple cropping of maize with peanut or soybean alternation of host plant, with not in in proper time, fertilizing balanced, avoid planting during rainy season, male cutting part of the interest, environmental sanitation and environmentally friendly organic agriculture.
Density analysis of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with corn crop in South Sulawesi
Authors: Mirsam Hishar , Muis Amran , Nonci Nurnina , Azrai Muhammad
Published: June 2020

Plant damage by parasitic nematodes is less recognized by farmers and people working in agriculture because the symptoms of parasitic nematodes are generally non-specific, run very slowly, and often mix with symptoms by other pathogens. This study aims to determine the population density of plant parasitic nemetodes associated with several corn plantations in South Sulawesi. Sampling was carried out at several centers of corn plantations in South Sulawesi, namely Malakaji (Gowa), Bajeng (Gowa), Bontobili, Maros, and Soppeng. Nematode extraction was done by the simple modified Baerman method. The density of the plant parasitc nematode (PPN) community calculated was absolute community density, relative community density, absolute frequency, relative frequency, frequency of all nematodes, and dominance values. The highest PPN density was found in the Bontobili area with a dominance value of 47.60%. There were 8 genera of PPN that infested corn and spread to several corn plantations in South Sulawesi, namely Helicotylenchus, Pratylenchus, Longidorus, Xiphinema, Haplolaimus, Aphelencus, Tylenchus, and Meloidogyne. The results of this study can be used as a basis for monitoring pathogenic attacks on corn by farmers and other researchers
Flowering weeds and Coccinellids species in white maize field
Authors: Syatrawati  , Ngatimin Sri Nur Aminah , Asmawati
Published: June 2020

The use of pesticides as a pest control in conventional cropping systems has caused various adverse effects such as pest resistance, resurgence and death of natural enemies. One of the best solutions is to use of natural enemies as biological control agents. Natural enemies can multiply quickly on flowering weed. The purpose of this research was to identify Coccinellids species and flowering weeds as a food source for them surrounding the maize field. Survey on the presence of Coccinellids species was conducted at maize field in Ta’deang, Maros district, South Sulawesi (5°2’7”S, Π9°41’6”E) in June until July 2019. Visual observation of Coccinellids species was conducted every weekend in the early morning. The survey was forming diagonally in fivesampling point (used 5 maize per sampling point) inside the maize field. Observation of Coccinellids species with interval 7 days. Flowering weeds were collected from similar field with Coccinellids species. The five sample of every flowering weeds were identified and recorded. The observations in white maize field from 35 to 56 days after planting indicate the common pest is grasshopper (Valanga sp.) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) and caterpillar hairy leaf Orgyia antiqua (Lepidoptera :Erebidae). Based on the identification of Coccinellids species in the white maize field, there are two lady bird beetle species such as Verania discolor and Menochilus sexmaculatus. Based on visual observations found flowering weeds such as :meniran/Phyllanthus niruri (Phyllanthaceae); Cleome rutidosperma (Capparidaceae); patikan/Euphorbia hirta (Euphorbiaceae), krokot/Portulaca sp. (Portulacaceae) and Eleusine indica (Poaceae). The results indicated that two types of Coccinellids were found living in four types of the flowering weeds in white maize field.
Impact of climate change to fall armyworm attack on maize in Karo District, North Sumatera
Authors: Nurzannah Sri Endah , Girsang Setia Sari , Girsang Moral Abadi , Effendi Roy
Published: June 2020

Climate change affects agriculture in some ways including changes in average temperatures, rainfall, and climate extremes with an important impact on pests and diseases. Several types of pests that arise as a result of the climate change and attacked corn plant is Spodoptera frungiperda. This study aims to analyze the relationship between various climate factors with the area affected by Spodoptera frugiperda in the Karo District, North Sumatera. The area used in this study is Karo District, North Sumatera because this is the area with the widest area affected by FAW on maize cropping. The highest area affected on maize in Karo District occurred in April of 1.533 ha. The analysis used in this research is multiple linear regression. Climate factor data are used as independent variables and area affected data as dependent variables. Based on data analysis with multiple linear regression owned by all factors influence on the area affected with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.882. Climate factors that have a significant influence on the area affected are rainfall.
Growth and development models for West Timor maize landraces
Authors: Hosang Evert Y. , Syamsuddin  , Wish Jeremy P W
Published: June 2020

The adoption of hybrid maize and OPV’s in the ENT provinces was still under 45% and the use of maize landraces was above 55% The reasons farmers keep using their own traditional local maize remain unclear, but it is assumed that good adaptation to the local conditions and tolerance against maize weevils are the primary reasons. Modelling of a crop like maize (APSIM MODEL) can be used to predict the yield potential of the crop in an area based on the resources available within any particular season. Comparisons of simulated vs observed yields helps identify constraints and develop strategies to reduce the production risk Field planting of maize landraces and an improved variety was conducted at the research station of the Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology (BPTP NTT) in Kupang, West Timor, Indonesia. There were three West Timor maize landrace used in this field trial; they were white maize landrace A, B and C and Piet kuning variety It can be concluded that APSIM can be used to predict west Timor landraces growth with different rate of fertiliser. The model predicted that the grain yield of the landraces can be increased by synchronising the flowering time and applying N fertiliser. The addition of 100kg/ha of N is the optimum N fertilizer for maize farming systems in West Timor region because it will significantly increase the yields and maintain yields over time compared to the current practice of not applying N (the 0 application of N). If the cost of 100kg/ha N prohibits farmers from doing this then micro-dose and legume-maize integrated farming system approaches are alternative strategies to increase maize production in this region. The grain yield of West Timor maize landraces could be increased significantly by applying 100kg/ha of Urea. It is important to manage N fertilizer for both financial and environmental reasons.
Model production of corn development for industrial needs and increasing economy
Authors: Panikkai Sumarni , Azrai M. , Fahmi Femmi N.
Published: June 2020

Regional economic development has many aspects that continue to change dynamically, planned and coordinated when viewed from a planning framework of the regional economic development, whether regionally, nationally or internationally. The regional economic development is aimed to the achievement of national development sub-system targets that organized territorially or spatially. The research method that was used is a dynamic system approach. The data used are secondary data obtained from various instances. Method of data analysis used dynamic system software. The results showed exponential growth trend of maize production. The pattern illustrates that an increase in national maize production over time. Model simulation results were acquired by using government intelligence strategy capable of increasing corn production and increase province economy. From extensification increase simulation results of 1.6 eh / year, it is capable of increasing corn production exceeding government’s target of 24,8 million ton in 2020, unable to fulfil the requirement of corn that increasing faster than corn production. The increase of national corn production will chip in towards farmer income, which indirectly contributes towards PDB until national economy.
Corn margin analysis in Takalar, South Sulawesi
Authors: Suddin Andi Faisal , Muslimin  , Sarintang
Published: June 2020

Corn is the main crop commodity in terms of business aspects and the use of the results as raw material for food and animal feed. In Takalar district there are several patterns of corn marketing channels. This study aims to determine the pattern of corn marketing channels and the efficiency of corn marketing using margin analysis and farmers share methods. The analysis shows that there are 2 patterns of marketing channels, the first channel (farmers - village collectors - sub-district collectors - large traders - end consumers) with a total margin of Rp. 800 / kg and farmers share 78.9%, while in the second channel pattern (farmers - village collectors - large traders - end consumers) get a total margin of Rp. 750 / kg and farmers share 80.3%. The difference in margins and farmers share in the pattern of the first channel with the second channel shows that the longer the market chain, the greater the total marketing margin and the smaller the value of farmers share. For stakeholders, the results of this research can be information material for more efficient implementation of corn marketing.
Study on the effects of no tillage and perfect tillage on maize growth and biomass production for livestock feed
Authors: Amir  , Sarintang
Published: June 2020

Land management techniques in this study are grouped into a full tillage and no tillage practices. Full tillage which generally uses simple tools for heavy equipment is basically aimed at controlling weeds and loosening the soil so that aeration and soil infiltration capacity increases. This study aims to examine the effect of land preparation and land preparation on maize growth and maize production. This research was conducted at the location of farmers in Takalar Regency in the dry season. The effects of the planting system indicate that the system is without soil; plant height (240.6 cm), biomass in cobs (7.3 t / ha), straw weight (22.1 t / ha), cob length (16.6 cm) and corn production (10.1 t/ha ). OL Perfect Land technology results; plant height (239.2 cm), biomass on cob (6.7 t / ha), straw weight (19.1 t / ha), cob length (16.4 cm) and corn production (9.8 t /ha ). The effect of varieties shows that Bima-2 and Bima-3 varieties are higher in the growth and yield components of corn than other varieties. While the interaction effect shows that the Bima-2 variety with the No Grounding planting system gives straw weight (27.6 t / ha) and corn production (13.5 t / ha) higher than the same variety as the fully Soil Cultivation system, namely weight straw (26.6 t / ha) and corn production (13.2 t / ha). The Gumarang variety in the Soil planting system gives a straw weight (18.2 t / ha) and dry shell corn production (7.9 t / ha) while the Perfect Earth planting system gives a straw weight (15.1 t / ha) and dry production shells corn (7.9 t / ha). t / ha) lowest among other interaction treatments. Potential yield of corn biomass is between 15-27 t / ha. The weight of straw produced from corn biomass is generally used as a source of animal feed consisting of stems, leaves and cob. The composition of corn biomass containing cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, ash and extractives with their chemical composition, utilization of stems, leaves and cob for the fulfilment of nutritious livestock feed is very prospective.
Study of fishing vessels and fish caught in the fishing port of Dobo, Aru Islands, Maluku Province
Authors: Saleh Rachman , Sutanti Asri
Published: June 2020

Dobo is the capital of Aru Islands Districts which has waters area with the potential fish resources. Geographically, that is near from fishing ground that is Aru Sea and Arafura Sea. This is makes the fishing and carrier vessel was based in the Dobo Port. The composition of fishery vessels was based at Dobo Port is determine in fish caught in the Aru Islands. Increased productivity of fish caught can improve the welfare people, especially for Aru Islands people. Study of the composition of fishing vessels is based on the type, size and fishing gear. While studies of fish caught are unloaded was based on the number and type of catch. In 2018, based on the type of fishery vessel is dominated by fishing vessels become 997 units (90%). The vessels was based in Dobo Port are dominated by vessels over 30 GT are 84.31%. While based on the type of fishing gear are dominated by the squid fishing gear (43%). The fish catched are unloaded is dominated by squid (38%) in 2017 and malayan half (34%) in 2018.
Identification and classification of the types catch landed at Tual Fishing Port (PPN Tual)
Authors: Maulana Riyan
Published: June 2020

Geographically, the city of Tual located in a strategic area, so that there are many fishing vessels operating in the Arafura Sea because of its relatively close location. Fishing Vessels, which running in Tual Fishing Port dominated by fishing vessels with purse seine fishing gear. Based on the results of the identification of the type of fish caught, the Order, which has the highest percentage is the Perciformes order with 66.67% and a total species of twelve species. Meanwhile, the Siluriformes, Pleuronectiformes, Clupeiformes, Carcharhiniformes orders had 5.56% each with one species for each order. The family with the highest percentage was from the Scombridae family, with a rate of 27.78% and five species, while the interest was 11.11% in the Carangidae family with two species. In other families, each of them had 5.56% with a single species each. The type of fish caught was mostly Indian Scad, representing 32.26% of the total catch or 384,874 kg. The lowest kind of fish was skipjack, with 0.06% or 675 kg, whereas the other types of fish were categorized as mixed fish or different types of fish, representing 10.10% of the total catch.
Reef fishes at waters of Kei Kecil Islands, Southeast Maluku Regency, Eastern Indonesia
Authors: Sahetapy Dicky , Retraubun A S W , Abrahamsz J , Makalaipessy M M
Published: June 2020

Study on reef fishes at waters of Kei Kecil Islands was conducted on October to November 2018. Eighteen stations of coral reef habitat were chosen randomly for this study and were observed by using underwater visual census method. The transect area of 250 m2(50 m length, 5 m width) was established at reef slope zone of each station and reef fish found in each transect was identified to the species level. At least 40 families of reef fish which consist to 120 genera and 381 spesies, and 3 of which are endemic species were found during the study. Those reef fish species found can be categorized into target species (141 species), major species (203 species) and indicator species (37 species). Coral Fish Diversity Index (CFDI) determined based on six indicator families indicate that relative diversity of reef fish in the study area can be classified into poor to good categories. Based on CFDI value, estimated number of reef fish in the coral reef of Kei Kecil Islands was 742 species.
Tuna Fisheries Thunnus albacares Small Scale in Kei Islands Moluccas Province
Authors: Sutanti Asri , Saleh Rachman
Published: June 2020

Potential of tuna fisheries in the Kei Islands is a source of livelihood for the local community. Studies on tuna fishing, processing techniques, fish processing units (UPI) and productivity of catches in the Kei Islands were analyzed descriptively so as to provide useful descriptions and information. Fishermen use a vessels measuring less than 5 GT (Gross Tonnage) and hand line fishing gear. Tuna fishermen in the Kei Islands are fishermen of one day fishing. Tuna fishes are distributed to UPI which processes tuna to be tuna loin. The number of UPI tuna loin in the Kei Islands is 3 units. Processing techniques are carried out with very simple methods and equipment. Based on assets and turnover owned, it is categorized as small scale UPI. The UPI’s compliance based on the provisions of fishery and marine legislation is categorized as a compliant UPI. The productivity of tuna caught by Kei Islands fishermen is 6.55 tons/ship/year it,s mean that in one year every Kei Islands tuna fishing vessel is able to produce 6.32 tons of tuna or 6,550 kg to be distributed to UPI tuna loin.
Demersal fish resources utilization and socio-economic of fishermen in Kotania Bay, Western of Seram. Indonesia
Authors: Huliselan NV , Sahetapy D , Wawo M , Tuapattinaya MA
Published: June 2020

Kotania Bay, have a very potential fisheries resources, including demersal fish that have high economic value. The utilization of fish resources is generally carried out by fishermen from villages around the Bay of Kotania, with fishing equipment that is friendly and not environmentally friendly. Fishermen activities cause the degradation of important ecosystems, therefore, the catch and size of the caught fish tends to decrease over time. The aimed of this study are to find the proper methods to manage demersal fish based on the socio-economic condition of fishermen. FGD and Interview methods were used to obtain informations about the location of catching, the catch and the species caught. The result showed that 46% of the residents of Pulau Osi village work as fishermen, while those from village of Wael are only 47.42%. Demersal fish catches were highest between January and February and the lowest during August. The catch consisted of family Serranidae, Lutjanidae, Scaridae and Labridae. The policies are needed to protect the demersal fish population, especially the endanger species through the concept sustainable management.
Cytotoxicity of methanol extracts of Prochloron didemni originated from ascidians Lissoclinum patella and Didemnum molle collected from Manado Bay, North Sulawesi
Authors: Rumengan I.F.M. , Modaso R. H. , Lintang R. , Rumampuk N. D. , Posangi J.
Published: June 2020

Among coral reef ascidians inhabiting Manado Bay, North Sulawesi, Lissoclinum patella and Didemnum molle were found housing symbiotic microbe in their tunics. These tunicates benefit from the association by feeding directly on the microbial cells, and in turn the microbe were facilitated to produce functional compounds such as anticancer cyclic peptides. Preliminary screening for these compounds were conducted by cytotoxicity assays against human blood cells. The symbiotic microbe was molecularly identified as Prochloron didemni. Microbial samples were obtained by squeezing colonial tissues from the two newly collected host ascidians. Crude extracts were prepared by extraction in 80% methanol, and followed by in vitro cytotoxic assayed against human blood cells using May-grunwald-Giemsa method. The extract of the D. molle derived Prochloron showed more cytotoxic effects than the one of the L. patella. However, the cultivation of Prochloron cells originated from D. molle was not established compared to those of L. patella. Therefore for further production of anticancer potential compounds, cultivation of the L. patella derived Prochloron is being developed.
Potential of Seaweed Gracilaria sp. As inhibitors of Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens and Stapylococcus aureus
Authors: Kaimudin Marni , Manduapessy Komers R.W. , Sumarsana
Published: June 2020

The problem of resistance and infectious pathogenicity of bacteria to humans is new at now. The search for alternative new drug compounds from seaweed bioactive content as one of the new antibacterial sources. The purpose of this research is to utilizeGracilaria sp. on the antibacterial effectiveness ofEscerichia coli,Clostridium perfringensandStapylococcus aureusThe method used in an experimental laboratory. Extraction was done by maceration with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol. Test antibacterial activity by agar diffusion method. Phytochemical screening based on discoloration. Analysis of bacterial cell leakage based on spectrophotometer results. Yields of 8.08% (ethanol), 5.47% (ethyl acetate) and 1.10% (hexane). Phytochemical screening results contain 6 secondary metabolite compounds in the ethanol and hexane treatment and 7 compounds in the ethyl acetate treatment. The best activity test results on ethyl acetate solvent with inhibition zone of 33.54 mm (Esherichia coli), 24.12 mm (Clostridium perfringens) and 29.14 mm (Stapylococcus aureus). MIC value at 0.51%. The absorbance obtained was 0.178 to 1.898 at a wavelength of 260 nm and 0.149 to 1,328 at a wavelength of 280 nm.
Seaweed Caulerpa sp position as functional food
Authors: Tapotubun Alfonsina Marthina , Matrutty Theodora E.A.A. , Riry Johan , Tapotubun Elizabeth Juleny , Fransina Eirene Grace , Mailoa Meigy Nelce , Riry Welly Angela , Setha Beni , Rieuwpassa Fredrik
Published: June 2020

Green seaweed Caulerpa sp is found in several coastal waters in Indonesia and is used as fresh vegetables by people in the growing habitat area. This study aimed to conduct a review of the potential of Caulerpa sp as functional food. The development of this paper is a literature review of relevant writings to determine the position of sea grapes Caulerpa sp as functional food. Data and relevant information are displayed in the form of figures and tables. Caulerpa seaweed grows naturally and is available throughout the year. Caulerpa contains crude fiber and secondary metabolites which positions Caulerpa as a functional food ingredient. The components of superior nutrition in Caulerpa are minerals, proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. The superiority of Caulerpa as a food ingredient is its processing which is very simple and brief and does not require food additives in the form of dyes and essences.
Evaluation of traditional traps: towards ecosystem-based fisheries management
Authors: Hutubessy BG , Mosse JW , Haruna  , Silooy F
Published: June 2020

In Maluku, Indonesia, trap fishing is one of the traditional fisheries that plays an important role in supplying reef fish to sea food restaurants and to the trade of live fish. To support the implementation of ecosystem-based fishery management, it is important to analyse the catch of trap through a multi-species approach rather than a single-species (selectivity) approach. In this study, multi-species catch analyses estimated species diversity, trophic levels and spatial distribution based on catch data, and sustainability of catch based on biological and ecological information. Traps were fished from February 2018 to January 2019 in waters 5 to 40m deep in Ambon Bay, Waai Bay and at Babar Island. The most abundant fishes caught were the family Mullidae, Parupeneus barberinus (n = 102) and P. indicus (n = 126). Spatial distribution of species analysed with Multivariate Principle Component Analysis showed each trap has significant co-varying species. The mean trophic level of the traps was 3.37 (SE: 0.175), indicating that the trap catches were dominated by low to moderate levels of carnivorous secondary consumers. From 42 species captured by traps, the least likely to be sustainable was Heniochus cuminatus and the most likely to be sustainable were, Selar boops. It is proposed that traditional trapping is a suitable practice in coral reef areas, with low impacts on the community of reef fish that eventually supporting balance fishery.
Design Of Automatic Switching System And Data Acquisition On Mobile Hybrid Solar Tracking System For Stand Alone Small PV With Reflector
Authors: Abadi I , Setyawan E H , Ardiansyah M
Published: June 2020

A hybrid solar tracker is required to maximize the energy efficiency of solar power. This system is inaccurately monitored and is not user-friendly managed. A simple and low-cost data acquisition system is needed to successfully designed for data acquisition and automatic switching on the hybrid solar tracker. The result reveals that the sunlight intensity with 3.5 volts threshold voltage becomes the switching parameter on hybrid solar tracker which affects the LDR voltage. The maximum distance of data transmission systems using telemetry 3DR module for blocked location is 120 meters, while the unblocked location is 350 meters. The existence of the automatic switching on the solar tracker may increase the output efficiency of the hybrid solar tracker PV with reflector can reach 51.56% compared to the fixed PV, with an energy deviation of 183.88 Wh. The energy generated by the tracker PV is 540.47 Wh, while the energy consumption of the main component is 71.68 Wh. Therefore, the energy that can be saved is 468.79 Wh.
The Effect of Fuel Filter Pore Size on B20 Fuel Filter Clogging at Low-Temperature Condition
Authors: Paryanto I , Rismana E , Arbianto AD , Prakoso T , Gozan M
Published: June 2020

One of the crucial problems in B20 implementation is fuel filter clogging problem, due to the presence of some glyceride impurities in biodiesel. The existence of monoglyceride in B20 fuel, even in a very low amount, could cause the formation of a precipitate, especially at low-temperature conditions. The accumulated precipitate could accelerate fuel filter clogging. To anticipate the problem, the precipitate formed in the B20 fuel based on the monoglyceride content in biodiesel should be tested using different pore sizes of fuel filter. This research was conducted by applying a modified CSFT method of ASTM D7501 for the precipitation test at 20°C using fuel filter pore sizes of 0.8, 3, 5 and 8 microns, respectively. Monopalmitin was added to biodiesel with low monoglyceride content to vary monoglyceride content so that each had approximate monoglyceride content of 0.623% and 0.824%, respectively. Each biodiesel sample with varied monoglyceride content was then blended with petroleum diesel fuel to produce B20 fuel samples. Each sample in the 100 ml separating funnel was separately soaked at 20°C for 21 days, then filtered, washed with petrol-ether, vacuum-dried, and weighed for constant amount of precipitate retained on the filter. The result showed that the wider the filter pore size was, the less the precipitate amount could be maintained on the filter.
Effect of Binder Adding to The Physical Properties of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Pellets
Authors: Nursani D , Siregar S R H , Surjosatyo A
Published: June 2020

Utilization of MSW as solid fuel has been developed through the process of gasification and pyrolysis. To improve energy efficiency during combustion, it needs uniformity of form and compaction, therefore MSW is formed in the form of pellets. The purpose of this research was to determine the physical characteristics of MSW pellets with the addition of binder and pellet drying process. Pellets consist of organic material, plastic, paper and leaves which are dried and crushed to reduce size. The material is mixed with the tapioca flour binder content of 0%, 3% and 6% and then compacted in the form of pellets. After the milling process, the pellets are dried with a treatment of 0, 6 and 12 hours to measure physical characteristics, moisture content and caloric value. Physical measurements consist of tests of density, durability and hardness. The developed pellet had a size length of 23.6 – 24 mm and diameter of 7.8-8.2 mm and 1.16-1.36 grams of weight the individual pellet. From the results of measurements and observations, pellets with 0% binder adding and 12-hours of drying can produce better quality, in the absence of fungal contamination and have a higher caloric value. MSW pellets from that process have achieved European pellet standards for physical properties, moisture content and caloric value.
Factors Influencing the Biogas Acceptance in Rural Area
Authors: Meidiana C , Hidayah A , Wijayanti W P
Published: June 2020

This study addresses how utilization of information such as livestock population, village maps and geographic information system (GIS) can be utilized to evaluate biogas production from livestock manure in rural areas. Cluster analysis was used to identify the appropriate locations for construction of anaerobic digester. The factors influencing the acceptance of biogas development were also analysed using regression analysis. The logistic regression model was employed for data analysis. The model was used furthermore to calculate the probability of acceptance of biogas development in the area of study. Calculation of potential biogas production is approximately about 24,560.64 MJ/day of energy can be produced. The determinants for biogas development acceptance ranges between 10% and 74.6%. The study was based on primary data that were elicited using open and closed-ended questionnaires. Empirically, the result indicated that number of cattle owned, age of household head, family size, land availability and knowledge are factors that have statistical significance (p < 0.05). Family size, land availability, knowledge positively influence the acceptance of utilization of biogas technology, while age of farmer and cattle ownership is inversely proportional to the acceptance. The model shows that if all factors drive, the probability can be increased up to 74.6% indicating that the use of livestock manure can be successfully developed in the area.
Preliminary Design of Phycocyanin Production from Spirulina platensis Using Anaerobically Digested Dairy Manure Wastewater
Authors: Taufikurahman T , Ilhamsyah D P A , Rosanti S , Ardiansyah M A
Published: June 2020

Phycocyanin is a blue pigment that is found in cyanobacteria such as Spirulina platensis. Its ability to provide stable and non-toxic blue color makes its market value is so high that it reaches USD 112.3 million in 2018. However, the cultivation of S. platensis to produce phycocyanin can only be carried out by large-scale industry, due to high operating costs of synthetic medium such as Zarrouk. We considered the use of Anaerobically Digested Dairy Manure Wastewater (ADDMW) as an alternative for growth medium to produce phycocyanin from S. platensis. A laboratory-scale study was conducted to determine the optimum composition of the medium containing ADDMW and NaHCO3 as a carbon source for S. platensis. We found that the ADDMW medium combined with 16.8 g/L NaHCO3 and 25 g/L NaCl resulted the highest productivity of phycocyanin among the other variations. Industrial-scale economic analysis of this integrated cultivation method showed its economic feasibility using 10 years lifetime analysis. Highest GPM (gross profit margin) obtained is 12.40 with IRR (internal rate of return) 23% which give 3.13 years of payback period. Futher study is needed on technical aspect and actual implementation of industrial scale design.
Heat Transfer Characteristics of Paraffin in Staggered Fins Heat Exchanger for the Cooling Process to Room Cooling Applications
Authors: Irsyad M , Akmal M , Susila M D , Amrizal  , Amrul
Published: June 2020

The night air temperature which is below or equal to the temperature of human thermal comfort is very potential to be used to help reduce the thermal load of the room. This utilization can help minimize the electrical energy consumption of air conditioning systems. Phase change material (PCM) can be used to utilize the potential of cold air at night as latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES). One model of the application of PCM is the heat exchanger. PCM fills one part of the heat exchanger. The characteristics of heat transfer need to be known so that it can know the cooling rate and the time required in the process. The variable used in this study is the inlet air velocity. In this research, a staggered fins-type heat exchanger which contains PCM with paraffin material is used in the cooling process. The results showed that an increase in speed would accelerate the cooling rate. At a velocity of 3 m.s−1, the average cooling rate of the PCM mass unity was 6.4 °C.hr’.kg−1. With this rate of cooling, the potential for cold night air for about two to three hours can be utilized for the PCM freezing process.
Cooling Load Analysis in Asrama Kinanti 1 UGM Using Building Performance Simulation
Authors: Baskara S A , Adi G S , Utami S S , Prayitno B , Guntoro FX P J
Published: June 2020

Indonesia is predicted to increase energy needs by 4.1 GW each year until the year 2030. These energy needs are using fossil fuels, which will harm the environment because of air pollution. Based on that fact, the reduction of energy consumption in Indonesia is a must. One of the highest energy demands is in the building sector. The building for both residential and commercial consumes 61.5% of national total energy consumption. Moreover, in the building sector, almost 60% is consumed for air conditioning (AC) systems, and one-third of the total energy consumption is for other electrical equipment. Nevertheless, to maintain thermal comfort in a building, the AC system is crucial, and the intention to remove it reduces occupants’ comfort significantly. The AC system that has a lot of energy consumption depends on the cooling load. However, because of the complexity in the calculation, several heat gains in cooling load (namely, people, equipment, lighting, solar, and ventilation) need to simulate. In this study, the simulation software is IES-VE software. Furthermore, a research object in this study is Asrama Kinanti 1 that is known as a kind of residential building in Universitas Gadjah Mada, operating 24 hours a day. The results show that the external heat gains (solar and ventilation) can be minimized during 8:00 A.M. to 3:30 P.M. Meanwhile, the internal heat gains (lighting, people, and equipment) can be reduced during the rest of the day.
Implementation of 10% Cutting Movement in Building a Lighting System on Postgraduate Diponegoro University
Authors: Wijayanti R W , Prianto E , Windarta J
Published: June 2020

Until now, the need for energy continues to increase while the energy source is running low. Therefore, the Government issued various policies to conserve resources and improve the efficiency of energy utilization. One is through energy conservation programs in all sectors of life, called the 10% Cutting Movement. The program is promoted in the hope that people can reduce energy consumption up to 10% of daily energy use as well as in the academic environment. This research aims to implement a 10% cutting movement in lighting system in Diponegoro University postgraduate building and find out how much savings can be achieved. The implementation is carried out purely and modified by following existing standards. Pure implementation is done by setting a target of 10% savings on the overall energy consumption of the lighting system. While modification implementation is done by determining the 10% savings target, then adjusting the lamp usage hours. The savings obtained from the pure implementation amounted to 1.91 MWh / year, whereas in modifications implementation results obtained in the amount of 1.99 MWh / year. The savings from both methods is bigger than the specified savings target.
The Study of the Smart City Concept Development, Based on Public Open Space Elements (case study: Kambang Iwak and Opi Jakabaring Lake)
Authors: Amalia F , Hanum M , Drastiani R , Tondi M L
Published: June 2020

Currently, the concept of urban development is directed to the smart city concept. With this concept, it is expected that city dwellers will get decent, quality, and sustainable city services. Public open space in Palembang is one of the crucial elements in the urban system, which is part of public services. Public open-space has a role as one of the aspects of the concept’s developer. This research aims to determine the character of green open space in Palembang to become one of the elements of developing smart city concepts. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The results showed that green public open space has a role in the formation of a smart city. The idea of a smart city is not just about technology, but also how elements in open space act as solutions and improve the quality of the environment. The characteristics of the smart city concept can be developed according to the potential and problem of the city. The inherent characteristics of smart cities in public open spaces are smart living, smart environment, and smart infrastructure.
Application of Web 3D GIS to Display Urban Model and Solar Energy Analysis using The Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Data (Case Study: National Cheng Kung University Buildings)
Authors: Dewanto B G , Novitasari D , Tan Y C , Puruhito D D , Fikriyadi Z A , Aliyah F
Published: June 2020

Nowadays, the era encompasses everything smart, whether they are smartphones, smart people, or smart cities. The term ‘Smart Cities’ refers to an advanced urban town that has well-connected infrastructure and communication through data centers and automated networks, unless for the energy system. Solar energy is one kind of renewable energy. It is a clean, sustainable, and free energy source both for the public and governments. With the rapidly growing technology, the yield of solar energy increases, while its cost reduces. Thus, it gains importance and becomes widespread. Presently, the increasing importance of solar power makes a hot topic. We are currently facing a global warming issue where one of the leading causes is the use of fossil energies. Non-fossil energy, or better known as renewable energy, is an option to reduce the use of fossil energy as an effort to minimize the impacts of global warming. In this study, we collected the data from The Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) that is combined with GPS and IMU technology to get the 3D campus model in National Cheng Kung University (NCKU), Taiwan. The output of the data is true ortho-image, digital surface model (DSM), and building footprint. The building footprint was processed using the Autodesk Insight 360 and Autodesk Revit to get better 3d campus model. All three data were processed using ArcGIS Pro using Calculate Solar Radiation plugin. The result of this step is reaching the solar energy potential of NCKU. The final step is to show it into the Web 3D GIS to display the result. From the Web 3D GIS, everyone can access the information of NCKU solar energy potential using computer and also smartphones.
Identification of Ideal Thermal Settings for Administration Office on Hot-Humid Climate
Authors: Salsabila N D , Ibrahim N H. , Syahirani T N T , Tanzil Y T , Dewi O C
Published: June 2020

Thermal conditions in Administration Room, Department of Architecture, Universitas Indonesia were taken as case studies to understand the ideal thermal settings for occupants in the administration office with hot-humid climate. The investigation aims to visualize the indoor environmental quality of the office room in-terms of temperature and humidity and obtain the perceptions of occupants regarding their satisfaction toward the evaluation of thermal comfort for office space. On-site measurements of air temperature and relative humidity for objective data, as well as questionnaire for subjective data, were applied to obtain occupants’ responses on the thermal quality of the office. The correlation between objective and subjective data that shows the thermal comfort level influenced the working environment. The study found that most of the time, the occupants of the room feel slightly cold rather than satisfied with their thermal environment settings. The data further show that the comfortable temperature this Administration room around 26-28°C and RH from about 50-60%.
Sustainable Hybrid Village: Regeneration of Settlement in Jatinegara, Indonesia
Authors: Endangsih T , Prayitno B , Kusumawanto A
Published: June 2020

Over the past few decades, cities have experienced severe social and economic pressures, which have a disproportionate impact on the urban environment. As a result, the quality environment has decreased, which is characterized by increased CO2 emissions and energy operating costs. Sustainable city development is considered as a step to create a pleasant environment for the community. Therefore, this research is essential to do to regenerate settlements in improving urban quality. This study aims to find a model for developing sustainable hybrid settlements in densely populated areas. The research method with the simulation method uses the Urban Modeling Interface device with three parameters. The modeling results obtained a Floor Area Ratio (FAR) value of 0.43 with a total land area of ± 427,233 m2. The FAR value produces an operational energy value of 3,983kwh / m2 / year and an embodied energy value of 216 kWh / m2 / year. This value is very high from 240 kWh / m2 / year as a standard for energy use. The amount of mobility in the aspect of walkability is 21-68, and 21-69 for the value of Bikeability. The results of this simulation indicate that the residential area in Jatinegara is not yet sustainable.
Efficiency Energy on Office Building in South Jakarta
Authors: Amalia M , Paramita B , Minggra R , Koerniawan M D
Published: June 2020

South Jakarta is the center of business in Indonesia. As a business center, energy consumption in office buildings in South Jakarta is very high. An office building can consume energy up to 250 kWh/m2/yr. Energy consumption can be analyzed using building performance applications such as Sefaira. Sefaira is used as a method to simulate building energy that allows energy to be efficiently utilized. An energy analysis study was conducted to determine energy efficiency in an office building. The standards and guidelines of energy efficiency are based on ASHRAE 90.1 – 2013 on Sefaira. Efficiency energy is needed to achieve the Sefaira 2030 energy target of 90 kWh/m2/yr. In the previous analysis, the building consumed energy of 186 kWh/m2/yr. Architectural treatment on the building facades is needed, such as providing canopies, double-skin facades, and materials to reduce energy consumption by 96 kWh/m2/yr.