bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The energy-converting hydrogenase Ech2 is important for the growth of the thermophilic acetogen
Thermoanaerobacter kivui
on ferredoxin-dependent substrates
Authors: Baum Christoph , Zeldes Benjamin , Poehlein Anja , Daniel Rolf , Müller Volker , Basen Mirko
Published: February 2024

Thermoanaerobacter kivui
is the thermophilic acetogenic bacterium with the highest temperature optimum (66°C) and with high growth rates on hydrogen (H
2
) plus carbon dioxide (CO
2
). The bioenergetic model suggests that its redox and energy metabolism depends on energy-converting hydrogenases (Ech). Its genome encodes two Echs, Ech1 and Ech2, as sole coupling sites for energy conservation during growth on H
2
+ CO
2
. During growth on other substrates, its redox activity, the (proton-gradient-coupled) oxidation of H
2
may be essential to provide reduced ferredoxin (Fd) to the cell. While Ech activity has been demonstrated biochemically, the physiological function of both Ech’s is unclear. Toward that, we deleted the complete gene cluster encoding Ech2. Surprisingly, the
ech2
mutant grew as fast as the wild type on sugar substrates and H
2
+ CO
2
. Hence, Ech1 may be the essential enzyme for energy conservation, and either Ech1 or another enzyme may substitute for H
2
-dependent Fd reduction during growth on sugar substrates, putatively the H
2
-dependent CO
2
reductase (HDCR). Growth on pyruvate and CO, substrates that are oxidized by Fd-dependent enzymes, was significantly impaired, but to a different extent. While
∆ech2
grew well on pyruvate after four transfers,
∆ech2
did not adapt to CO. Cell suspensions of
∆ech2
converted pyruvate to acetate, but no acetate was produced from CO. We analyzed the genome of five
T. kivui
strains adapted to CO. Strikingly, all strains carried mutations in the hycB3 subunit of HDCR. These mutations are obviously essential for the growth on CO but may inhibit its ability to utilize Fd as substrate.

IMPORTANCE

Acetogens thrive by converting H
2
+CO
2
to acetate. Under environmental conditions, this allows for only very little energy to be conserved (∆G′<–20 kJ mol
−1
). CO
2
serves as a terminal electron acceptor in the ancient Wood-Ljungdahl pathway (WLP). Since the WLP is ATP neutral, energy conservation during growth on H
2
+ CO
2
is dependent on the redox metabolism. Two types of acetogens can be distinguished, Rnf- and Ech-type. The function of both membrane-bound enzyme complexes is twofold—energy conversion and redox balancing. Ech couples the Fd-dependent reduction of protons to H
2
to the formation of a proton gradient in the thermophilic bacterium
Thermoanaerobacter kivui
. This bacterium may be utilized in gas fermentation at high temperatures, due to very high conversion rates and the availability of genetic tools. The physiological function of an Ech hydrogenase in
T. kivui
was studied to contribute an understanding of its energy and redox metabolism, a prerequisite for future industrial applications.
A novel vaccine strategy using quick and easy conversion of bacterial pathogens to unnatural amino acid-auxotrophic suicide derivatives
Authors: Nagasawa Yuya , Nakayama Momoko , Kato Yusuke , Ogawa Yohsuke , Aribam Swarmistha Devi , Tsugami Yusaku , Iwata Taketoshi , Mikami Osamu , Sugiyama Aoi , Onishi Megumi , Hayashi Tomohito , Eguchi Masahiro
Published: February 2024

We propose a novel strategy for quick and easy preparation of suicide live vaccine candidates against bacterial pathogens. This method requires only the transformation of one or more plasmids carrying genes encoding for two types of biological devices, an unnatural amino acid (uAA) incorporation system and toxin-antitoxin systems in which translation of the antitoxins requires the uAA incorporation.
Escherichia coli
BL21-AI laboratory strains carrying the plasmids were viable in the presence of the uAA, whereas the free toxins killed these strains after the removal of the uAA. The survival time after uAA removal could be controlled by the choice of the uAA incorporation system and toxin-antitoxin systems. Multilayered toxin-antitoxin systems suppressed escape frequency to less than 1 escape per 10
9
generations in the best case. This conditional suicide system also worked in
Salmonella enterica
and
E. coli
clinical isolates. The
S. enterica
vaccine strains were attenuated with a >10
5
fold lethal dose. Serum IgG response and protection against the parental pathogenic strain were confirmed. In addition, the live
E. coli
vaccine strain was significantly more immunogenic and provided greater protection than a formalin-inactivated vaccine. The live
E. coli
vaccine was not detected after inoculation, presumably because the uAA is not present in the host animals or the natural environment. These results suggest that this strategy provides a novel way to rapidly produce safe and highly immunogenic live bacterial vaccine candidates.

IMPORTANCE

Live vaccines are the oldest vaccines with a history of more than 200 years. Due to their strong immunogenicity, live vaccines are still an important category of vaccines today. However, the development of live vaccines has been challenging due to the difficulties in achieving a balance between safety and immunogenicity. In recent decades, the frequent emergence of various new and old pathogens at risk of causing pandemics has highlighted the need for rapid vaccine development processes. We have pioneered the use of uAAs to control gene expression and to conditionally kill host bacteria as a biological containment system. This report proposes a quick and easy conversion of bacterial pathogens into live vaccine candidates using this containment system. The balance between safety and immunogenicity can be modulated by the selection of the genetic devices used. Moreover, the uAA-auxotrophy can prevent the vaccine from infecting other individuals or establishing the environment.
Hospitalisations and fatality due to respiratory diseases according to a national database in Brazil: a longitudinal study
Authors: Azevedo Lemos Darllane , de Araújo Fonseca Luiza Gabriela , Bento Florêncio Rencio , Barbosa de Almeida José Alexandre , Dantas Florentino Lima Illia Nadinne , Peroni Gualdi Lucien
Published: February 2024

Background

Respiratory diseases (RDs) cause millions of hospitalisations and deaths worldwide, resulting in economic and social impacts. Strategies for health promotion and disease prevention based on the epidemiological profile of the population may reduce hospital costs.

Aim

To characterise hospitalisations and deaths due to RDs in Brazilian adults above 20 years old between 2008 and 2021.

Methods

This ecological study used secondary data of hospitalisations and deaths due to RDs from the Hospital Information System of the Brazilian Unified Health System between 2008 and 2021. Data were grouped according to region, age group and sex. The period was divided into first (2008–2011), second (2012–2015) and third (2016–2019) quadrennia and one biennium (2020–2021), and all data were analysed using the GraphPad Prism; statistical significance was set at p<0.05.

Results

A total of 9 502 378 hospitalisations due to RDs were registered between 2008 and 2021. The south and southeast regions presented the highest hospitalisation and fatality rate, respectively, in the age group ≥80 years with no significant differences between sexes. Also, RDs caused 1 170 504 deaths, with a national fatality rate of 12.32%.

Conclusion

RDs affected the Brazilian population and impaired the health system, especially the hospital environment. The south/southeast regions were the most affected, and the ageing process contributed to the increased incidence of RDs.
Nursing home managers’ quality of work life and health outcomes: a pre-pandemic profile over time
Authors: Penconek Tatiana , Duan Yinfei , Iaconi Alba , Tate Kaitlyn , Cummings Greta G , Estabrooks Carole A
Published: February 2024

Aim

To examine trends in quality of work life and health outcomes of managers in nursing homes in Western Canada pre-pandemic.

Methods

A repeated cross-sectional descriptive study using data collected in 2014–2015, 2017 and 2019–2020, in the Translating Research in Elder Care Programme. Self-reported measures of demographics, physical/mental health and quality of work life (eg, job satisfaction, burnout, work engagement) were administered and completed by nursing home managers. We used two-way analysis of variance to compare scores across times, controlling for clustering effects at the nursing home level.

Results

Samples for data collection times 1, 2, 3, respectively, were 168, 193 and 199. Most nursing home managers were nurses by profession (80.63–81.82%). Job satisfaction scores were high across time (mean=4.42–4.48). The physical (mean=51.53–52.27) and mental (mean=51.66–52.13) status scores were stable over time. Workplace engagement (vigour, dedication and absorption) scores were high and stable over time in all three dimensions.

Conclusions

Nursing home managers were highly satisfied, had high levels of physical and mental health, and generally reported that their work was meaningful over time pre-COVID-19 pandemic. We provided a comparison for future research assessing the impacts of the pandemic on quality of work life and health outcomes.
The importance of core for carbonate reservoir evaluation: a case study from the Barra Velha Formation, Santos Basin, Brazil
Authors: Wood Hannah , Barnett Andrew , Follows Edward , Ribeiro Priscila , Guha Jaydip , Wheeler Josephine , Avila Runer
Published: February 2024

The lacustrine carbonates of the Barra Velha Formation are a prolific hydrocarbon reservoir in the Santos Basin, Brazil. In many fields, they comprise decimetre- to metre-scale cycles composed of laminated calcimudstones, spherulite and shrub-dominated facies. However, locally these cycles are replaced by decametre packages of re-worked shrub grainstone/rudstone/breccia and
in situ
shrub framestone with significant (>30°) depositional dips. The latter could be interpreted in several ways (e.g. fault-block highs, carbonate mounds), but the integration of seismic, borehole image log and whole-core datasets converge on a model of aggrading carbonate mounds which developed in or marginal to a lake setting. The core datasets in this study demonstrate a distinctive depositional fabric within the carbonate mounds.

From a production geology standpoint, the crucial difference between mound- and cyclothem-dominated successions is their permeability architecture. Cyclothem-dominated intervals show prominent and laterally continuous, decimetre-scale vertical matrix permeability variations. Mound-dominated intervals lack fine-scale palaeo-horizontal layering and exhibit a greater prevalence of irregular, centimetre-scale conduits and higher vertical permeability. This difference can only be reliably characterized via the integration of whole-core samples with other datasets and has a significant quantified impact on sweep and production performance.
Prebiotic Astrochemistry from Astronomical Observations and Laboratory Spectroscopy
Authors: Ziurys Lucy M.
Published: February 2024

The discovery of more than 200 gas-phase chemical compounds in interstellar space has led to the speculation that this nonterrestrial synthesis may play a role in the origin of life. These identifications were possible because of laboratory spectroscopy, which provides the molecular fingerprints for astronomical observations. Interstellar chemistry produces a wide range of small, organic molecules in dense clouds, such as NH2COCH3, CH3OCH3, CH3COOCH3, and CH2(OH)CHO. Carbon (C) is also carried in the fullerenes C60 and C70, which can preserve C-C bonds from circumstellar environments for future synthesis. Elusive phosphorus has now been found in molecular clouds, the sites of star formation, in the molecules PO and PN. Such clouds can collapse into solar systems, although the chemical/physical processing of the emerging planetary disk is uncertain. The presence of molecule-rich interstellar starting material, as well as the link to planetary bodies such as meteorites and comets, suggests that astrochemical processes set a prebiotic foundation.
Modeling thermoregulatory responses during high-intensity exercise in warm environments
Authors: Xu Xiaojiang , Rioux Timothy P. , Welles Alexander P. , Jay Ollie , Ely Brett R. , Charkoudian Nisha
Published: February 2024

The SCTM has been validated thoroughly for resting humans in warm and cold environments and during water immersion. The present study further demonstrated that SCTM predicts core temperatures with acceptable accuracy during intense exercise up to 1,300 W in temperate and warm environments and captures core temperature differences between large and small individuals. SCTM is potentially useful to develop guidance for safe operation in athletic, military, and occupational settings during exposure to warm or hot environments.
The Effect of Chrysin on the Distribution of Extracellular Matrix Proteins around Leydig Cells under Heat Stress Injury
Authors: Soltani Malihe , Rahmati Majid , Nikravesh Mohammad Reza , Saeedi Nejat Shahin , Jalali Mahdi
Published: February 2024

Objective. In the testicular tissue stroma, matrix proteins such as laminin and fibronectin play a critical role in transmitting signals under normal and stressful conditions to Leydig cells. Heat stress is considered one of the stressful conditions in the testicular tissue. This study has investigated the protective effects of chrysin on the distribution of laminin and fibronectin around Leydig cells under heat stress. Methods. Rats were divided into four groups, including sham (A), heat stress (B), heat stress with chrysin treatment (50 mg/kg) (C), and heat stress with chrysin treatment (75 mg/kg) (D). At the end of the treatment period, on the 21st day, testosterone serum levels were evaluated, and the testes were also assessed to determine the changes in gene expression and distribution of laminin, fibronectin, and caspase-3 proteins. Results. Exposure to heat stress in Group B resulted in increased levels of caspase-3, decreased activity, height, and diameter of seminiferous tubules, and altered distribution of laminin and fibronectin proteins around the Leydig cells when compared to the sham group (p<0.05). Treatment with chrysin 75 resulted in a significant decrease in caspase-3 levels, improved testosterone levels, and increased distribution of laminin and fibronectin around Leydig cells compared to group B (p<0.05). In addition, the group treated with chrysin 75 showed improved seminiferous histological activity markers in comparison to group B (p<0.05). Conclusion. Following heat stress, concurrent with disrupted steroidogenesis, an evident change happens in the distribution pattern of the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins of the testis, which may indicate the transmission of stress signals from the ECM to the Leydig cells. Treatment of chrysin in 75 mg/kg dose can reduce the damage caused by heat stress on the ECM and Leydig cells.
PRMT1 Sustains De Novo Fatty Acid Synthesis by Methylating PHGDH to Drive Chemoresistance in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Yamamoto Takehiro , Hayashida Tetsu , Masugi Yohei , Oshikawa Kiyotaka , Hayakawa Noriyo , Itoh Mai , Nishime Chiyoko , Suzuki Masami , Nagayama Aiko , Kawai Yuko , Hishiki Takako , Matsuura Tomomi , Naito Yoshiko , Kubo Akiko , Yamamoto Arisa , Yoshioka Yujiro , Kurahori Tomokazu , Nagasaka Misa , Takizawa Minako , Takano Naoharu , Kawakami Koji , Sakamoto Michiie , Wakui Masatoshi , Yamamoto Takushi , Kitagawa Yuko , Kabe Yasuaki , Horisawa Kenichi , Suzuki Atsushi , Matsumoto Masaki , Suematsu Makoto
Published: February 2024

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) chemoresistance hampers the ability to effectively treat patients. Identification of mechanisms driving chemoresistance can lead to strategies to improve treatment. Here, we revealed that protein arginine methyltransferase-1 (PRMT1) simultaneously methylates D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH), a critical enzyme in serine synthesis, and the glycolytic enzymes PFKFB3 and PKM2 in TNBC cells. 13C metabolic flux analyses showed that PRMT1-dependent methylation of these three enzymes diverts glucose toward intermediates in the serine-synthesizing and serine/glycine cleavage pathways, thereby accelerating the production of methyl donors in TNBC cells. Mechanistically, PRMT1-dependent methylation of PHGDH at R54 or R20 activated its enzymatic activity by stabilizing 3-phosphoglycerate binding and suppressing polyubiquitination. PRMT1-mediated PHGDH methylation drove chemoresistance independently of glutathione synthesis. Rather, activation of the serine synthesis pathway supplied α-ketoglutarate and citrate to increase palmitate levels through activation of fatty acid synthase (FASN). Increased palmitate induced protein S-palmitoylation of PHGDH and FASN to further enhance fatty acid synthesis in a PRMT1-dependent manner. Loss of PRMT1 or pharmacologic inhibition of FASN or protein S-palmitoyltransferase reversed chemoresistance in TNBC. Furthermore, IHC coupled with imaging MS in clinical TNBC specimens substantiated that PRMT1-mediated methylation of PHGDH, PFKFB3, and PKM2 correlates with chemoresistance and that metabolites required for methylation and fatty acid synthesis are enriched in TNBC. Together, these results suggest that enhanced de novo fatty acid synthesis mediated by coordinated protein arginine methylation and protein S-palmitoylation is a therapeutic target for overcoming chemoresistance in TNBC.

Significance:

PRMT1 promotes chemoresistance in TNBC by methylating metabolic enzymes PFKFB3, PKM2, and PHGDH to augment de novo fatty acid synthesis, indicating that targeting this axis is a potential treatment strategy.
Case Report: Hypertriglyceridemia-Induced Pancreatitis after Lenvatinib and Pembrolizumab Use
Authors: Sultan Kinza , Khan Ziad , Saadat Siamak
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Lenvatinib and Pembrolizumab together are used as a chemotherapy regimen for patients with metastatic endometrial carcinoma. Lenvatinib is a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor inhibitor, fibroblast growth factor inhibitor and an inhibitor that acts on platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha, ret oncogene and c-KIT oncogene. Pembrolizumab is an immune checkpoint inhibitor that acts against programmed-death one (PD-1) receptors and programmed-death ligand one (PD-L1) receptors. In combination, this regimen has proven to be efficacious in the setting of advanced endometrial carcinoma, but this must be weighed against its’ side effect profile, most specifically their individual side effects. Pembrolizumab has been associated with pancreatitis. Lenvatinib has been associated with hypertriglyceridemia. However, little has been published with hypertriglyceridemia-induced pancreatitis in the setting of the combination of Lenvatinib and Pembrolizumab and its’ management. Case Presentation: This case presentation discusses a 57-year-old female with history of stage IV uterine cancer with metastasis to the liver status post total abdominal hysterectomy/bilateral salpingo-oophrectomy (on Lenvatinib 8 mg PO daily/Pembrolizumab 200 mg IV every three weeks) presenting with epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting and decreased appetite; her symptoms were due to hypertriglyceridemia-induced pancreatitis with CT findings consistent with pancreatitis as well as a serum lipase of 1,508, and serum triglyceride level of 2,052; she was treated with IV insulin, resulting in resolution of her hypertriglyceridemia-induced pancreatitis. Conclusion: This case demonstrates a unique presentation of the hypertriglyceridemia induced pancreatitis in the setting of Lenvatinib and Pembrolizumab use and the need for future research to better understand the pathophysiology of the pancreatitis induced by this chemotherapy regimen.
Factors affecting the incidence of birth asphyxia before and after the helping babies breathe training first in Grobogan, Central Java
Authors: Firdausy Dania Emeralda , Radityo Adhie Nur , Wiyati Putri Sekar , Sareharto Tun Paksi
Published: February 2024

Introduction: This study aims to examine the association between factors affecting birth asphyxia and its incidence a year before and after HBB first training conducted in Grobogan, Central Java. Methods: This research was an analytical observational preliminary study with a cross-sectional design. Birth records data collected from 30 primary health care from January to December 2020 in Grobogan, Central Java. Data analyzed with a computer statistical analysis program using χ2 test and Fisher's exact test. Result: Based on 191 medical records from infants born during the year before and 186 medical records from infants born during the year after HBB training, there was an 11.5% decrease in the incidence of birth asphyxia compared before and after the training. Results of the χ2 test showed a significant association between the HBB training with the incidence of birth asphyxia (p = 0.014). Before the HBB training, prematurity has a significant association with the prevalence of birth asphyxia (p < 0.001). Furthermore, there is no associated factor that has a significant association with the prevalence of birth asphyxia after the training (p> 0.05). Conclusion: There is a significant decrease in the incidence of birth asphyxia compared between the year after and 1 year before HBB training. Meanwhile, prematurity has a significant association with the incidence before HBB training.
Análise contrastiva entre português e alemão: o estudo da animacidade em artigos acadêmicos
Authors: Andrade Marcela Morais , Oliveira Francieli Silvéria
Published: February 2024

Este artigo tem como objetivo compreender e comparar a animacidade construída gramaticalmente em orações no português brasileiro e no alemão tendo como base a Linguística Sistêmico-Funcional (Halliday; Matthiessen 2014). Halliday, McIntosh e Strevens (1964) e Krzeszowski (1990) afirmam que todas as línguas podem ser contrastadas, à medida que possuam categorias teóricas e descritivas que possam estabelecer a equivalência entre elas. Para isso, um corpus comparável de artigos acadêmicos em português e alemão foi compilado (Tognini-Bonelli 2010) e, posteriormente, a análise linguística da animacidade, mais especificamente, dos objetos semióticos, foi realizada em cada língua e contrastada. Os resultados mostram que o português e o alemão, à primeira vista, funcionam de forma semelhante; no entanto, a análise mais aprofundada revela que o alemão recorre a construções menos ativas para os objetos semióticos, ao passo que o português utiliza opções mais ativas em orações.
O aquecimento ou alongamento podem ser dispensados antes da realização de exercícios de força física ou aeróbicos?
Authors: Claudino Talita Xavier , Fett Carlos Alexandre , Fett Waléria Christiane Rezende
Published: February 2024

As atividades de preparação para exercícios físicos e/ou competições esportivas são realizadas com o objetivo de melhorar o desempenho e prevenir lesões. O aquecimento tradicional (TW), como o jogging e o alongamento de Facilitação Neuromuscular Proprioceptiva (FNP), são dois exemplos de atividades utilizadas para esse fim. No entanto, não há consenso na literatura sobre sua eficácia e qual deles é o melhor. O objetivo é comparar os efeitos de TW e PNF na potência anaeróbica (AnP) e na potência aeróbica (PA) e em variáveis fisiológicas. Este estudo avaliou 10 (dez) homens entre 18 e 30 anos, fisicamente ativos, não atletas, em ambiente externo com temperatura média de 34º C, em 04 intervalos de tempo distintos, realizando TW (M1), PNF (M2), TW (M3) e PNF (M4) antes dos testes de salto em distância e ida e volta de 20m, com intervalo de uma semana entre eles. Foram calculados os valores de AnP e AP; o nível de lactato pós-teste, a frequência cardíaca foram medidos e os voluntários foram questionados sobre dor tardia 24h os testes. ANOVA one-way foi utilizada para os 04 intervalos de tempo, com significância estabelecida em 5%. Não houve diferenças entre as variáveis nos diferentes intervalos de tempo. Não houve diferença no desempenho físico em nenhum dos tipos de atividades de preparação pré-exercício. Além disso, TW com elevação da temperatura corporal e PNF parece ser dispensável para jovens ativos em um ambiente quente.
Tecnostalgia e Nostalgia Digital no Audiovisual Contemporâneo: os Casos de Flying Luna Clipper (1987) e Tux and Fanny (2019)
Authors: Siqueira Pedro Azevedo Raia de , Ferraz Talitha
Published: February 2024

Este artigo busca elucidar a noção de nostalgia digital e explorar duas diferentes maneiras como o conceito se manifesta no mundo contemporâneo: a redescoberta no presente de obras digitais do passado e a criação de novas obras que buscam evocar o passado. A perspectiva da redescoberta é explorada a partir da animação Flying Luna Clipper (Ikko Ono, 1987), enquanto a da criação se dá a partir da série Tux and Fanny (Albert Birney, 2019). Partindo de métodos de análise fílmica são apontadas similaridades e distinções entre as duas diferentes formas de nostalgia digital representadas pelos dois objetos, colaborando para uma maior compreensão da nostalgia digital no contexto do audiovisual contemporâneo.
Editometria: mensurando conjecturas nas edições da Peregrinação
Authors: Cambraia César Nardelli
Published: February 2024

O presente estudo teve como objetivo contribuir para o desenvolvimento de uma abordagem quantitativa de análise de edições, aqui chamada de editometria, tomando como objeto de estudo oito edições (1614, 1678, 1711, 1829, 1952-53, 2010, 1984 e 1998) da obra quinhentista Peregrinação, de Fernão Mendes Pinto, e enfocando especificamente as conjecturas realizadas pelos editores. Testou-se a hipótese de que o progresso da crítica textual do séc. XVII (época da edição princeps) para o séc. XXI (época presente) impactou nas edições de Peregrinação na forma de redução da prática de conjectura. A hipótese foi confirmada, uma vez que o número de conjecturas na amostra analisada é maior na edição inicial, de 1678, do que na edição final, de 2010. Constatou-se, porém, que há um descompasso entre os padrões em que os erros ocorrem e os em que as conjecturas são feitas, com especial referência aos casos de erro por omissão/conjectura por adição e erro/conjectura por substituição.
Os Comunistas brasileiros e o desenvolvimentismo: a Frente Nacionalista nas edições da Editorial Vitória (1958-1964)
Authors: Juberte Vinícius
Published: February 2024

O presente artigo analisa de que forma a Frente Nacionalista entre o PCB (Partido Comunista do Brasil) e o PTB (Partido Trabalhista Brasileiro) se apresenta na produção livreira da Editorial Vitória Limitada, principal editora comunista da época, entre 1958 e 1964, período da linha de “coexistência pacífica” no movimento comunista mundial e do projeto desenvolvimentista no Brasil. Essas tendências políticas apareceram de modo concreto nas edições da Editorial Vitória de duas formas: pela Coleção de Documentos Políticos e pelos livros O pão, o feijão e as forças ocultas: primeiro livro de leitura popular, do escritor Jocelyn Brasil, Brasil século XX, de Rui Facó, e Problemas brasileiros de educação, de Paschoal Lemme. Pretendese demonstrar as diferentes estratégias editoriais envolvidas nessas edições e seu papel na relação entre a linha editorial e a linha política do PCB nesse período.
Instituto Roberto Simonsen e Franklin Book Programs: relações internacionais e políticas editoriais para um Brasil “em desenvolvimento” (1965-1971)
Authors: Sangiovanni Laura de Oliveira
Published: February 2024

In 1965, Roberto Simonsen Institute was created. The institute had a specific sector dedicated to publications, the Library Science Center for Development (CBD), whose list of activities included translations of foreign books. Despite a notion of development aimed at solving “national problems”, the CBD acted in accordance with Simonsen’s thinking regarding the relationship between national capital and foreign investments, depending on the partnership with a North American institution, Franklin Book Programs, to achieve its activities. This article deals with the relations between the two institutions and the way in which a mitigated nationalism, made compatible with the North American agenda during the cultural Cold War, defined the contours of the institute’s editorial policies for the development of an industrial Brazil.
O pavilhão brasileiro na 32ª edição da bienal de Veneza (1964)
Authors: Roquetti Dunia
Published: February 2024

O objetivo deste artigo é revisitar a trajetória de construção e posterior inauguração do pavilhão brasileiro, na 32ª edição da Bienal de Veneza, em 1964. Por meio de uma documentação inédita, recolhida no Arquivo Histórico de Arte Contemporânea da Bienal de Veneza (ASAC), examinamos o processo histórico de afirmação artístico-geográfica do Brasil na exposição italiana. Abordamos, ainda, a estreita conexão entre a dissolução do antigo MAM (1962) e a criação das instituições MAC USP (1963), Fundação Bienal de São Paulo (1963), evidenciando aqui um novo condicionamento na gestão da arte moderna brasileira. Reportamos, por fim, os bastidores da inauguração do pavilhão brasileiro com a recuperação descompassada da linguagem modernista de Tarsila do Amaral na ocasião de sua abertura.
Cavaleiro das armas escuras: análise psicolinguística da capacidade persuasiva de Adolf Hitler em uma de suas prédicas políticas
Authors: Lopes Viviane Faria , Ataídes Thaís Hadassa Ferraz
Published: February 2024

El objetivo principal de esta investigación fue analizar la pericia de inducción que pueden presentar los discursos de los psicópatas para convencer a los interlocutores. Tomando como objetivo central de análisis el sermón La campaña Winter Relief, procunc
iado por el dictador Adolf Hitler, se evaluó tanto su comunicación persuasiva, en el uso hábil e intencional del lenguaje, como la manipulación depredadora imperante en dichos sujetos disociales. Estudiosos del lenguaje, así como investigadores de la mente humana, apoyaron la investigación realizada para promover un análisis psicolingüistico de que una comunicación con intenciones manipulativas puede promover sobre la conducta de los receptores.
A new species of Pseudorientalia (Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae) from midwestern Türkiye with notes on Pseudorientalia natolica (Küster, 1853)
Authors: ODABAŞI DENIZ ANIL , MERCAN DENIZ , ODABAŞI SERPIL , ARSLAN NAIME
Published: February 2024

The members of the genus Pseudorientalia Radoman, 1983 are small hydrobiid species with characteristic features of the penis and female genitalia. The type locality of the genus is the southern Marmara region, northwestern Türkiye. In this study, sampling was carried out in the upper Sakarya River Basin, western-middle Anatolia to obtain hydrobiid specimens, which yielded a new Pseudorientalia. The shell, penis, and female genitalia of the new species are described. The measurement of some shell characters is compared with the other representatives of the genus from Türkiye, northern Greece, and some Aegean islands: Samos, Chios and Lesvos. In addition, notes on Pseudorientalia natolica are also given from examination of the type specimens.
Influence of Foehn Winds of Truong Son Mountains on the High Temperatures Observed in North-Central Vietnam during 31 May–5 June 2017
Authors: Kusaka Hiroyuki , Imai Yuma , Kobayashi Hiroki , Doan Quang-Van , Ngo-Duc Thanh
Published: February 2024

North-central Vietnam often experiences high temperatures. Foehn winds originating from the Truong Son Mountains (also known as Laos winds) are believed to contribute to abnormally high temperatures; however, no quantitative research has focused on foehn warming in Vietnam. In this study, we conducted numerical simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model to investigate the contribution of foehn warming to abnormally high temperatures in north-central Vietnam in early June 2017. Generally, May–June is the monsoon period in Vietnam. Consequently, foehn warming during this season is thought to be mainly caused by latent heating and precipitation mechanism. However, the primary factor in the cases covered in this study was foehn warming with an isentropic drawdown mechanism. Diabatic heating with turbulent diffusion and sensible heat flux from mountain slopes also plays significant roles. The warming effect of the foehn winds on the temperatures during the events was approximately 2°–3°C. It was concluded that the high temperature events from 31 May to 5 June 2017 were caused by synoptic-scale warm advection and foehn warming. Sensitivity experiments were conducted on the WRF Model, utilizing three atmospheric boundary layer turbulence schemes (YSU, ACM2, and MYNN), consistently yielding results for simulated temperature and relative humidity. The wind speed bias for the MYNN scheme was found to be lower than that of the other schemes. However, this study did not delve into the underlying reasons for these differences. The optimal performance of each scheme remains an open question.

Significance Statement

It was hypothesized that north-central Vietnam often experiences high temperatures owing to foehn winds (also known as Laos winds) descending from the Truong Son Mountains. This study conducted numerical experiments to validate this hypothesis and investigate the associated mechanisms of foehn winds in this region. Surprisingly, despite the monsoon season, the isentropic drawdown mechanism without precipitation effects provides the primary explanation for the high temperatures caused by foehn winds in north-central Vietnam, and not the latent heating and precipitation mechanism with precipitation effects that researchers expected. The results of this study contribute to better prediction of high temperatures in this region and improve our understanding of foehn winds in tropical monsoon climate zones.
The Impact of Wind on Precipitation Measurements from a Compact Piezoelectric Sensor
Authors: Chinchella Enrico , Cauteruccio Arianna , Lanza Luca G.
Published: February 2024

The measurement accuracy of an electroacoustic precipitation sensor, the Vaisala WXT520, is investigated to quantify the associated wind-induced bias. The device is widely used as a noncatching tool for measuring the integral features of liquid precipitation, specifically rainfall amount and intensity. A numerical simulation using computational fluid dynamics is used to determine the bluff-body behavior of the instrument when exposed to wind. The obtained airflow velocity patterns near the sensor are initially validated in a wind tunnel. Then, the wind-induced deviation and acceleration/deceleration of individual raindrop trajectories and the resulting impact on the measured precipitation are replicated using a Lagrangian particle tracking model. The sensor’s specific measurement principle necessitates redefining catch ratios and the collection efficiency in terms of the resulting kinetic energy and quantifying them as a function of particle Reynolds number and precipitation intensity, respectively. Wind speed and direction and drop size distribution have been simulated across various combinations. The results show that the measured precipitation is overestimated by up to 400% under the influence of wind. The presented adjustment curves can be used to correct raw rainfall measurements taken by the Vaisala WXT520 in windy conditions, either in real time or as a postprocessing function. The magnitude of the adjustment at any operational aggregation level largely depends on the local rainfall and wind regimes at the site of measurement and may have a strong impact on applications in regions where wind is frequent during low- to medium-intensity precipitation.
Exacerbation of thromboinflammation by JAK2
V617F mutation worsens the prognosis of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis
Authors: Bourrienne Marie-Charlotte , Le Cam Duchez Véronique , Faille Dorothée , Farkh Carine , Solo Nomenjanahary Mialitiana , Gay Juliette , Loyau Stéphane , Journé Clément , Dupont Sébastien , Ollivier Véronique , Villeval Jean-Luc , Plo Isabelle , Edmond Valérie , Jandrot-Perrus Martine , Labrouche-Colomer Sylvie , Cassinat Bruno , Verger Emmanuelle , Desilles Jean-Philippe , Ho-Tin-Noé Benoît , Triquenot Bagan Aude , Mazighi Mikaël , Ajzenberg Nadine
Published: February 2024

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is an uncommon venous thromboembolic event accounting for <1% of strokes resulting in brain parenchymal injuries. JAK2V617F mutation, the most frequent driving mutation of myeloproliferative neoplasms, has been reported to be associated with worse clinical outcomes in patients with CVST. We investigated whether hematopoietic JAK2V617F expression predisposes to specific pathophysiological processes and/or worse prognosis after CVST. Using an in vivo mouse model of CVST, we analyzed clinical, biological, and imaging outcomes in mice with hematopoietic-restricted Jak2V617F expression, compared with wild-type Jak2 mice. In parallel, we studied a human cohort of JAK2V617F-positive or -negative CVST. Early after CVST, mice with hematopoietic Jak2V617F expression had increased adhesion of platelets and neutrophils in cerebral veins located in the vicinity of CVST. On day 1, Jak2V617F mice had a worse outcome characterized by significantly more frequent and severe intracranial hemorrhages (ICHs) and higher mortality rates. Peripheral neutrophil activation was enhanced, as indicated by higher circulating platelet–neutrophil aggregates, upregulated CD11b expression, and higher myeloperoxydase plasma level. Concurrently, immunohistological and brain homogenate analysis showed higher neutrophil infiltration and increased blood-brain barrier disruption. Similarly, patients with JAK2V617F-positive CVST tended to present higher thrombotic burden and had significantly higher systemic immune-inflammation index, a systemic thromboinflammatory marker, than patients who were JAK2V617F-negative. In mice with CVST, our study corroborates that Jak2V617F mutation leads to a specific pattern including increased thrombotic burden, ICH, and mortality. The exacerbated thromboinflammatory response, observed both in mice and patients positive for JAK2V617F, could contribute to hemorrhagic complications.
Dual harm among patients attending a mental health unit in Uganda: a hospital based retrospective study
Authors: Favina Alain , Abaatyo Joan , Kaggwa Mark Mohan
Published: February 2024

Background

Dual harm encompasses the complex interplay of the co-occurrence of self-harm and aggression. Individuals with dual harm may display a more hazardous pattern of harmful behaviors like homicide-suicide compared to people with sole harm. This study aimed to examine the presence of dual harm among general psychiatry inpatients in a mental health unit in Uganda.

Methods

A retrospective chart review of 3098 inpatients from January 2018 to December 2021. Dual harm reported experience at admission was based on experiences of self-harm with harm to people or property or both. Logistic regression assessed the association between dual harm and sociodemographics and clinical characteristics.

Results

A total of 29 (1%) patients experienced dual harm, with five having experienced self-harm with both harm to others and property, 23 with harm to people, and one with harm to property. Dual harm was statistically significantly associated with the male gender at bivariate analysis. However, there were no statistically significant factors associated with dual harm at multivariate analysis or sensitivity analysis with the specific types of dual harm.

Conclusion

General psychiatry inpatients in Uganda experience dual harm before admission at lower prevalence than in previous literature. However, no investigated sociodemographic and clinical factors could explain these experiences. Further studies looking at dual harm are warranted to understand these unfortunate experiences with serious consequences among patients in Uganda.
Health system utilization and perceived quality among adults in Lao PDR: evidence from a nationally representative phone survey
Authors: Aryal Amit , Clarke-Deelder Emma , Phommalangsy Souksanh , Kounnavong Sengchanh , Fink Günther
Published: February 2024

Background

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines quality health services as being effective, safe, people-centered, timely, equitable, integrated and efficient. It is critical to understand people’s perspectives and care experiences to measure progress against these goals. However, many low- and middle-income governments do not routinely collect such information. In this study, we aim to measure health systems performance from the perspective of the adult population of users and non-users in Lao PDR.

Methods

Using the People’s Voice Survey (PVS), a novel phone-based survey designed to integrate people’s voices into primary care performance measurement, we conducted a cross-sectional survey of the general adult (18+) population in Lao PDR in 2022. We analyzed health care utilization patterns, user-reported quality of care, and coverage of key preventive health services. Data from the most recent MICS survey was used to create sampling weights generating nationally representative estimates.

Results

A total of 2007 adults completed interviews in approximately 3.5 months. About two thirds (65%) of respondents reported visiting a health facility in the past year and, of these, the majority (61%) visited a hospital as opposed to a health center or clinic. Among those that recently visited health facilities, 28% rated their experience as “poor” or “fair”. 16% had unmet need for care and 12% reported discrimination during treatment in the past year. 12% of women over 50 years old reported receiving a mammogram and 59% of adults reported receiving blood pressure screening in the previous year.

Conclusions

The study presents data from the first nationally representative survey in Lao PDR to measure health system performance. The results indicate that, despite progress towards universal coverage of health insurance in Lao PDR, significant gaps remain, particularly with respect to bypassing of primary care facilities, significant unmet need for care, experiences of discrimination, and overall low perceptions of quality of care.
Teaching nontechnical skills in the undergraduate education of health care professionals: a nationwide cross-sectional study in Hungary
Authors: Nagy Tamás , Fritúz Gábor , Gál János , Székely Andrea , Kovács Enikő
Published: February 2024

Background

The aim of our cross-sectional study was to evaluate the current situation and curriculum of nontechnical skills (NTS) training in the undergraduate education of health care professionals in Hungary.

Methods

All institutes with relevant NTS training in Hungarian faculties of medicine and faculties of health sciences were asked to fill out a 19-item questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were performed, and the characteristics of NTS teaching and non-NTS teaching institutes were compared. The independent predictors of teaching NTS in a particular institute were identified with multiple logistic regression.

Results

Seventy-seven institutes responded (52% response rate), of which 66% trained NTS. The most frequent method of NTS training is talking about them during a practice or lecture, and less than half of NTS respondents use simulation. The most frequent cause of not teaching NTS is a lack of human or technical resources. The type of faculty (p = 0.025), academic year (p = 0.001), field of medicine (p = 0.025), and importance of teamwork (p = 0.021) differed between NTS and noNTS institutes. Teaching students in academic year two represented the only independent predictor of NTS education (p = 0.012).

Conclusions

Our findings show that the undergraduate curriculum of Hungarian universities includes some type of NTS education; however, this education requires further development.
Identification of risk factors and development of a predictive model for chronic kidney disease in patients with obesity: a four-year cohort study
Authors: Zhang Haixia , Zhang Yue , Gao Wenxing , Mu Yiming
Published: February 2024

Objective

The sneaky onset and dismal prognosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) make it an important public health issue. Obesity-related kidney illness has garnered more attention in recent times. Establishing and validating a risk prediction model for chronic renal illness in overweight or obese adults was the goal of this investigation.

Methods

Data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study were used for analysis. The definition of CKD was reduced renal function (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m²), while overweight and obesity were characterized through a body mass index exceeding 24 kg/m². The dataset was divided into derivation and validation cohorts using a 7:3 ratio. With respect to the derivation cohort, we constructed a prediction model using LASSO analysis and multivariate logistic regression. The model’s performance was evaluated using Hosmer-Lemeshow tests, calibration curves, decision curve analysis, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The validation cohort’s model was subjected to additional assessment.

Results

The study was based on survey data from 2011 to 2015 and comprised 3246 individuals who were overweight or obese, with 2274 being part of the derivation cohort and 972 being part of the validation cohort. The research constructed a prediction model that included age, sex, fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, triglyceride, hypertension, and BMI. The validation cohort’s area under the ROC curve was 0.812 (95% CI = 0.763, 0.859) while the derivation cohort’s was 0.789 (95% CI = 0.754, 0.831). Hosmer-Lemeshow tests were utilized to evaluate the model’s accuracy in the validation and derivation cohorts (P = 0.681 and 0.547, respectively). The calibration curve showed a high level of consistency between the actual observations and the projected outcomes. According to decision curve analysis, the model offered significant net advantages.

Conclusions

The forecasting model established in this research has predictive value for CKD in patients with overweight or obesity. These findings could help doctors conduct early detection and intervention in clinical practice and further improve patient prognosis.