bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Volatile Constituents of the Ligarine Extract of Eupatoriurn odoraturn
Authors: Sun Zhong Liang , Liu Feng Xia , Luo Xian Qun , Zhang Yu Cang , Xu Jing
Published: August 2013

Eupatoriurn odoratumaerial parts were extracted with ligarine and the volatile constituents isolated were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Volatile constituents were isolated from the ground aerial parts ofE. odoratumby ligarine extraction and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). As a result, a total of fifteen compounds represented all of the extract were identified, amongst nine of fifteen compounds were sesquiterpenes. Esters and sesquiterpenes were found to compose three major chemotype accounted for 58.58% and 30.80% of the constituents, respectively. The main components was demonstrated to be dibutyl phthalate (39.73%), 11,14,17-eicosatrienoic acid, methyl ester (13.20%), (S)-spiro [4.nona-1,6-diene (6.80%), 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis (2-methylpropyl) ester (5.65%) andcis-Z-α-bisabolene epoxide (5.56%). In addition, some pharmaceutical components such as α-cadinol and germacrene D were discovered. Antioxidant activity of the extract was assessed by the free radical scavenging (DPPH). The study offers theoretic basis for pharmaceutical utilization of the medicinal plantE. odoratum.
Advanced Treatment of Coking Wastewater by Oxidation Process Using Pyrite and Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Zhang Zhi Yong , Wu De Li
Published: August 2013

Coking wastewater is a kind of recalcitrant wastewater including complicate compositions. Advanced treatment of coking wastewater by Fenton-Like reaction using pyrite as catalyst was investigated in this paper. The results show that the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of coking wastewater decreased significantly by method of coagulation combined with two-stage oxidation reaction. COD of wastewater can decrease from 250mg/l to 45mg/l after treatment, when 2g/L pyrite was used in each stage oxidation and the dosage of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is 0.2ml/l for first stage treatment, 0.1ml/l for second stage treatment respectively. The pyrite is effective to promote Fenton-Like reaction with low cost due to high utilization efficiency of H2O2, moreover, catalyst could be easily recovered and reused. The Fenton-Like reaction might be used as a potential alternative to advanced treatment of recalcitrant wastewater.
Bioaugmentation of Aerobic Granular Sludge with the Addition of a Bioflocculant-Producing Consortium
Authors: Song Zhi Wei , Ning Ting Ting , Chen Yu Ping , Cheng Xiao Xia , Ren Nan Qi
Published: August 2013

A consortium of bioflocculant-producing bacteria (BPA), mainly consisting of previously enriched Devosia hwasunensis and Tetrasphaera elongata, was inoculated into a sequencing batch airlift reactor during aerobic granular sludge cultivation to determine the effects of BPA on the formation of aerobic granular sludges. The results indicate that granulation time was substantially shortened from 56 to 28 days with the addition of BPA. Microbial community analysis of granular sludge based on denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis revealed diversity. Dominant populations belonged to Actinobacteria and α-and γ-proteobacteria. The added bacterial species, D. hwasunensis and T. elongata, which have been proposed to secrete extracellular polysaccharide mucus, played an important role in particle formation and in the maintenance of the stability and physicochemical properties of the granular sludge.
Preparation of β-Cyclodextrin/Chitosan Membranes and its Application in the Wastewater Treatment of Acid Dyes
Authors: Yu Dan , Wu Ling Ling , Wang Jia Fu , Tao Yi Wen , Shen Yi Tong , Liang Bing Ying , Wang Han
Published: August 2013

In this study a new and environmental biopolymer membrane has been synthesized by incorporating β-cyclodextrin polymers as the reagent and using vinyltriethoxysilane (JH-V151) as crosslinking agent. The FT-TR and SEM were used to characterize the functional groups, morphology and pore-size. The results indicated that the prepared membranes exhibited relatively large pores, and the average pore size was 5μm. The study of adsorption behavior demonstrated that the prepared membranes could be considered as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of acid dyes from the wastewater.
Study about Disposal of Wastewater Contained Lead with Calamus Artificial Marsh
Authors: Cao You Ming , Xie Yun Cheng
Published: August 2013

The purpose of this paper is to compare the effect of disposal of lead with calamus artificial marsh composed with sand and soil and the effect of calamus artificial marsh whose host materials are carbon residue and soil under different currency, and discuss the impact of host material to dispose the lead in waste water. Results show that calamus artificial marsh is effective to dispose the lead in waste water. After compared the effect of calamus artificial marsh with two host materials, we discover that calamus artificial marsh which is composed with sand and soil could work better in disposal of the lead in wastewater, which could be a proper artificial marsh.
Analysis of the Barrier Factors of Municipal Solid Waste Classification Recycling
Authors: Wu Yong Chun , Xu Lian Feng
Published: August 2013

Many cities in China are facing a "junk siege" dilemma, municipal solid waste classified recycling is one of the effective disposal methods of garbage scientific management, and is also the best way to waste reduction, recycling and harmless, However our municipal solid waste classification recycling remain stagnant, This paper argues that it is because of many obstacles that municipal solid waste classification recycling face makes municipal solid waste classification recycling have little effect, which include public awareness needs to be improved, the limitations of traditional garbage classification, lack of corresponding laws and regulations, garbage recycling facilities not complete and the corresponding theoretical issues remain to be explored etc.
Partial Oxidation of Phenol in Supercritical Water
Authors: Ning Zhi Yuan , Guan Qing Qing , Ning Ping , Gu Jun Jie
Published: August 2013

Phenol is hardly gasified in supercritical water (SCW) under the temperature 450 °C, at which cleavages of aromatic ring occur difficultly. Partial oxidative gasification provides a potential way to remove phenol for hydrogen at those temperatures. The results showed that even O2 was less than the required amount for complete oxidation by stoichiometry, effective gasification of phenol in SCW was took place. About 76 % of phenol was removed and 2.7 mol/mol of hydrogen was produced with Na2CO3 as catalyst at 180s, O/Phenol 7.5, 450 °C and 24 MPa. The process also indicated partial oxidation of phenol produced some opening-rings products such oxalic and maleic acid, which were slowly gasified. Specifically, at lower O/Phenol ratios, the gasification reaction was predominant which led higher yields of H2, while at higher O/Phenol ratios, the oxdication predominated, which increased the amount of CO2 with less H2.
Regulation and Control of Rhizopus oryzae on Lactic Acid Production from Kitchen Refuse
Authors: Sheng Li , Zhou Qun , Gharibi Arash , Yuan Gui Bin
Published: August 2013

To develop a garbage recycling system, kitchen refuse, a rich and very cheap source of nutrition, was used to produce lactic acid, a raw material for producing biodegradable plastics. The orthogonal experiment shows the highest lactic acid concentration is achieved under the following fermentation conditions: inoculating spore suspension of rhizopus oryzae AS 3.819 of 10%, culturing seed for 17 h, and adjusting fermentation medium to PH8.
Removal of Pb (II) from Aqueous Solution by Blast-Furnace Slags
Authors: Liu Ming Da , Tian Ge , Zhao Liang Jie , Wang Yao Sheng , Guo Lei , Wang Yao Jing
Published: August 2013

Five blast-furnace slags were used as adsorbents to remove Pb (II) from aqueous solution. Kinetic studies showed that the sorption process was best described by pseudo-second-order model. Among Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms, the Freundlich isotherm had a better fit with the simulation of the adsorption of Pb (II).
Treating Industrial Pesticide Wastewater by Distillation Method
Authors: Li Chang Hai , Li Yue Jin , Ruan Wang
Published: August 2013

The experiments for treating the pesticide wastewater, which had been produced by Shandong pesticide factory when it produced the Nicosulfuron, were carried out. Through the small test, treatment of pesticide wastewater by batch distillation was studied. The results showed that the top temperature of the recovery samples were about from 98.5°C to 100.2°C，the COD of the recovery samples were about from 10000mg/L to 200 mg/L.With the increasing of the reflux ratio, the average of the COD of these samples and the recoveries reduced gradually, and the removal rate of COD increased gradually, which is above 92% when R≥4.
Adsorption Kinetics of Direct Red 4BS Using Stove Ash
Authors: Yu Bo , Wang Wei Ming , Ma Di , Cai Zai Sheng
Published: August 2013

A waste material, stove ash, was applied to adsorbthe Direct Red 4BS. The dye amount absorbed by ash was improved with increasingthe dye initial concentration from 3g/Lto 7g/L. Dye was adsorbed within 2minutes and the equilibrium was achieved after 5 minutes. The kinetic of adsorptionreaction was also studied. The results showed that adsorption reaction was congruentwith Lagergren pseudo-second order kinetic equation, and different initial dyeconcentrations had their specific kinetic parameters.
Research on Detecting to Bacterial Concentration by Cultivation-Microscopy Method in the Oil Field Sewage
Authors: Guan Shu Xia , Ye Hai Chun , Wang Xiao Xin , Fan Ying Ying
Published: August 2013

Bacterial concentration is detected by the cultivation-microscopy method and the serial dilution method in the different oil field sewage. The results indicate that the results are the same when the bacterial concentration in the clear water, simulated water and waterflooded sewage were detected by the cultivation- microscopy method and the serial dilution method. The order of magnitude are the same and quotient are different when the bacterial concentration in the polymer- flooded sewage were detected by those. The bacterial concentration by the cultivation-microscopy method detected is more than by the serial dilution method detected when the waterflooded sewage and the polymer-flooded sewage were joined the biocide. They are used to detect the bacterial concentration in the different concentration scop of polymers, the results are the same in the concentration scop of polyacrylamide under 100mg/L, while the results are very different in the concentration scop of polyacrylamide above 200mg/L.
Forecasting of Medical Waste Generation Amount Based on GM (1, n) Model
Authors: Fan Hou Ming , Qi Tong Xuan , Mu Xiang Wei
Published: August 2013

This article first applied correlation analysis to identify the key factors in factors influencing people's medical service demands, such as the population, economy and people's living level and so on. Then, it built the forecast model of the medical waste generation amount based on the GM (1, n). finally, it took Dalian city as an example for empirical study. The results show the forecast method has higher accuracy, and it is a useful method for the prediction of the medical waste generation amount.
Distribution and Characteristics of Products from Pyrolysis of Sewage Sludge
Authors: Sun Yu , Jin Bao Sheng , Huang Ya Ji , Zuo Wu , Jia Ji Qiang , Wang Yan Yan
Published: August 2013

Pyrolysis of sewage sludge for the fixed bed were investigated at different final temperatures (300-900 °C) to acquire distribution and characteristics of pyrolysis products. The mass balance was established on base of continuous on-line measurement of gases and integration of gas compounds to give a more accurate reflection on the yields distribution. It was observed that at low temperatures the liquid was the main product with maximum yield of 57 wt%(daf) at 500°C and the gas composition was mainly CO2. Under the condition of a higher pyrolysis temperature (above 600°C), secondary reaction occurred among phase of solid, liquid and gas and generated more CO and H2. From the perspective of energy utilization and accumulation of heavy metals, a lower temperature no more than 600°C is suitable for sewage sludge pyrolysis.
Preparing LiFePO4 Using Recovered Materials from Waste Li-Ion Battery
Authors: Pei Feng , Wu Yue , Zhang Wen Hua , Tian Xu , Yu Ji
Published: August 2013

LiFePO4 was prepared using recovered materials from waste Li-ion battery. The recovered materials after treatment was mixed with Li2CO3, Fe (NO3) 3·9H2O and NH4H2PO4 to adjust the Li/Fe/P molar ratio equal to 1.05/1/1. The raw material was mixed with super-p and calcined in muffle to get LiFePO4 by a solid-state reaction. Optimal conditions were: 700°C, N2 ambience, 10h, and Fe/C=1/1.5 (mol). The characterization results showed that the product was irregular particles with size 5-10μm and good dispersion. When discharged in the range of 2.2~4.2V, the initial discharge capacity was 141.4mAh/g at 0.1C, 103.1mAh/g at 1C. The capacity retention was 97.2% after 300 cycles at 1C showing satisfactory stability.
Using QFD in the Integrated Design for the Echelon Pattern of Urban Circle Solid Waste Disposal
Authors: Li Xu Hui , Li Gang Yan , Shi Hui Ping , Yang Baoan
Published: August 2013

Based o n the theory of QFD and a systematic description of the echelon pattern of urban circle solid waste disposal, a specific waterfall decomposition model for integrated design of the echelon pattern is brought forward, which is made of four houses of quality. The first house of the waterfall decomposition model- the HOQ of facilities planning for urban circle solid waste disposal is set as an example. From the angle of customer requirements, the importance of different kind of customer requirements is calculated quantitatively, using the method of Analytic Hierarchy Process. By analyzing the internal relationship of the echelon pattern, it’s concluded that the site selection of solid waste disposal points, stations and fields, and efficiency of solid waste disposal are the most important problems of the design for the echelon pattern of urban circle solid waste disposal. This work provides academic basis for the integrated design of the echelon pattern of urban circle solid waste disposal.
The Key Technologies of Comprehensive Utilization for Urban Rain Flood Based on the Multi-Function Tunnel
Authors: Yan Jun , Bai Hong Lu , Gao Wei , Ma Fang Kai
Published: August 2013

Pipe drainage system is used mostly on urban area, but under the pressure of the rapid urbanization, the disadvantages of traditional pipe drainage system are more and more serious. Analyzed the urban rain flood utilization situation in China and foreign countries, and main problems of traditional pipe drainage system in China, the key technology of comprehensive utilization for urban rain flood is put forward, which contains the multi-function tunnel building based on the concave green fields constructing, permeable bricks laying, reservoir constructing for rain flood collecting. This method can effectively prevent the drought or flood disaster due to inadequate or extensive rain volume and can make full use of rain flood resources too.
Benefits Analysis and Scheme of Rainwater Utilization for a Residential District
Authors: Tang Qian , Li Yu Yun , Jiang Xiu Ying
Published: August 2013

Rainwater utilization is an important water saving measure, which both saves fresh water consumption and reduces the financial burden on urban rainwater storage system.Also,the groundwater is conserved and the ecological environment is improved. The paper discussed the concrete scheme of comprehensive utilization of rainwater , including rainwater collection and reuse, rainwater infiltration based on a civil construction district.Also, analyzed its economic, social and environmental benefits quantificationally.
Study on Optimizate Isolation and Purification Technology of the Reed Ethanol Lignin
Authors: Zhou Li Chun , Ping Qing Wei , Zhang Jian , Shi Hai Qiang
Published: August 2013

Ethanol pulping is a kind of solvent pulping technology. The utilization of lignin in waste liquor can reduce pollution and increase high value of product. The lignin in the waste liquor could be isolated by adding water in the system after standing for several hours and purified by enzymatic and acidic hydrolysis two-step procedure. Results showed that the optimized purification conditions are as follows, enzyme dosage is 0.004g/g (to oven dry lignin), enzymatic buffer pH is 5, enzymatic hydrolysis temperature is 30°C, and hydrochloric acid concentration of acid hydrolysis is 0.055mol/L. The lignin purity is 91.61%, and the yield is 81.89%.
Fault Diagnosis of Bearing Pad Based on HHT
Authors: Ma Feng Lei , Zhou Xiao Long , Zheng Yong Tao
Published: August 2013

In this paper, the abnormal sound of bearing pad engine signal was studied. As the car engine signal is nonlinear and non-stationary, Hilbert-Huang transform method diagnosis the normal and bearing pad abnormal sound engine signal was used. Hilbert spectrum and time-frequency distribution 3-d map was got. Through these we knew normal engine signal frequency was 210 Hz, the abnormal sound of bearing pad engine signal frequency mainly concentrated in the 500 Hz, 1500 Hz and 2700 Hz. The results showed that the cause of abnormal sound was bearing pad wear. Sound signal was used in this experiment, it was easy to get, and the HHT analysis can separate cause abnormal sound of the high frequency component from the abnormal sound signal. From analysis of it, the abnormal sound reasons can find easily. It provides a new simple and effective method to the abnormal sound of bearing pad fault diagnosis.
Float Glass Production Line Cleaner Production Opportunities Analysis
Authors: Ling Shao Hua , Jing Chang Yong , Li Xiao Liang
Published: August 2013

Float glass production line of a company, for example, cleaner production audit analysis. For glass production process, the the process sewage node and pollutants governance status quo, analysis of the clean production levels of the glass production process on the basis of material balance, and found the opportunity of clean production, float glass production, energy conservation, energy, pollution reduction and efficiency as a starting point, the glass production process cleaner production.
Three-Dimensional Water Temperature and Hydrodynamic Simulation of Xiangxi River Estuary
Authors: Yin Wei Ping , Ji Dao Bin , Hu Nian San , Xie Tao , Huang Yu Ling , Li Yi , Zhou Jia Fei
Published: August 2013

When the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir begins, the water level rises, and the water flow rate slows down, thus the residence time of bay and tributary pollutant extends, and the water environment changes significantly, resulting in different degrees of cyanobacteria outbreak in each spring. Numerous studies show that nutrient concentrations in mainstream is relatively higher than in tributary, so stratified density current of mainstreams and tributaries has played a key role on Bay eutrophication. In order to investigate the exchange process of mainstreams and tributaries, set boundary conditions according to the observed data, and then simulate Xiangxi estuary three-dimensional hydrodynamic characteristics by using Flow-3D software, which can simulate it well. The model theoretically confirms that the intrusion density current phenomenon does exist in typical tributaries, and the simulation results show that near the estuary region, there is a big diversity in the temperature field and the flow field along the transverse distribution, but when the estuary distance increases, the flow field in the cross section, except for a small area near the riverbank, tends to be in a mean state along the transverse distribution.
Analysis on Seasonal Variation of Rainfall and Runoff about Yuanjiang-Red River Basin in Yunnan
Authors: Sang Xiu Li , Gao Song , Xiao Han Jie , Han Feng Xia , Wang Hua , Xu Jian Xin
Published: August 2013

In this paper, we studied the seasonal variation of rainfall and runoff of Yuanjiang-Red River Basin in Yunnan during the last ten years and obtained the seasonal change of rainfall on spring, summer, autumn, winter. But we found some fluctuations in 2002, 2003, 2004, 2010, then analyzed the reasons of fluctuations. In these years, the basin emerged different levels of disasters. Meanwhile, runoff also had the variation, and there were some similarities between rainfall and runoff. The research on seasonal variation is significant for hydrological monitoring.
Chemical Composition of Rainfall, Throughfall, Runoff and Outlet Flow in a Small Watershed of Secondary Forest, Eastern China
Authors: Wang Xiao Ming , Li Qian , Zhou Ben Zhi
Published: August 2013

Rainfall, throughfall, stemflow, runoff and outlet flow were studied in a secondary forest during a rain season from April to October in 2009. Some of the chemicals in throughfall, stemflow, runoff and outlet flow were increased in contrast with incident rainfall. The pH value of the water sample was in the order rainfall > throughfall > runoff > outlet flow > stemflow. The concentration of chemicals of rainfall was in the order SO42- > NO3- > Na+ > Cl- > K+ > Ca2+ > NH4+> Mg2+ >PO43-. The mean concentrations of nutrients in throughfall, stemflow and runoff were significantly higher than those in incident rainfall except Na+ and NH4+. The concentration of chemicals of outlet flow was in the order SO42- > Cl- > NO3- > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Na+ > K+ >NH4+ >PO43-.
Low-Flow Runoff Prediction Using the Grey Self-Memory Model
Authors: Huang Ling Mei , Shen Bing
Published: August 2013

Combined the grey theory with self-memory theory, a grey self-memory model was set up to predict the low-flow runoff volumes. The Chabagou catchment located in the Loess Plateau was selected to test the model. The least square method was used to determine the memory coefficients; so the prediction equation was obtained to calculate the simulation values. Compared with the grey model (1,1) (GM(1,1)), the grey self-memory model has a better fit between the simulation and measurement data during the fitting period. The pass-rate of the prediction values for two models are 100%, but the grey self-memory model is better than GM (1,1). The fitting and prediction results showed the grey self-memory model is capable of predicting the low-flow runoff volumes in the Loess Plateau.
Trends of Estimated Potential Evapotranspiration in the Poyang Lake Basin, China
Authors: Ye Xu Chun , Liu Jian , Zhang Qi
Published: August 2013

Using the Penman-Monteith method, the potential evapotranspiration (PET) was calculated over the Poyang Lake basin during 1960-2008. Our analysis indicates that except spring, PET in summer, autumn and winter shows long term decreasing trend, with the largest in summer and the least in winter. The decrease of annual PET in the Poyang Lake basin is mostly affected by the decline of summer PET. On catchment scale, although the calculated PET at all the Metero-stations shows decrease trend, the trends are not significant at some stations. Further analysis indicates that the most important predictor for the decreasing trend in potential evapotranspiration is sunshine duration and wind speed, followed by relative humidity and air temperature.
Effect on Trend of Coastal Geomorphological Evolution after Construction of Artificial Islands in Longkou Bay
Authors: An Yong Ning , Yang Kun , Wang Ying , Li Jing
Published: August 2013

By calculating coastal sediment transport rate and analyzing historical data in this paper, the effect on trend of coastal geomorphological evolution after the construction of the artificial islands in Longkou Bay is studied. The results show that the north coast of artificial islands is in a state of equilibrium in sediments erosion and deposition, the channel between land and islands is in strong deposited state, the coast erosion degree outside of the wave shadow zone where in the south of Jie River has been strengthened. The deposited rate caused by sediments that the Jie River carried and coastal sediment transported in the channel between land and islands is about 12.5cm/a after the construction of artificial islands.
Assessment on Sustainability of Groundwater Resources in China Southwestern Karst Mountain Area
Authors: Li Bo , Wu Yan Jun , Zhao Bin
Published: August 2013

Based on the systematical analysis of hydrogeology, social economy and regional environment, choosing 23 indicators from four aspects of the groundwater resources condition, social economy, the ecological environment, Sustainability assessment system of groundwater resources for southwestern karst mountain area were established. Meanwhile, the weights of the indicators based on AHP were determined, which can reduce the fuzziness of man-made judgments. the sustainability of groundwater resources were evaluated and had a much better result by referring to the Weining area of Guizhou province. Thus, provide certain references for similar regional assessment.
Quantitative Research of China Agricultural Virtual Water Trade Based on CROPWAT Model
Authors: Tian Gui Liang , Wu Xi , Sun Xing Bo , Tao Wen , Zheng Hui Xiang Zi
Published: August 2013

The virtual water trade theory is one of the hot topics in the field of water demand management research today, which is considered as an important method for water resources constraints to ensure food security. And the introduction of the virtual water concept provides a new approach to analyze and study water resources. We used the CLIMWAT crop, meteorological databases and China's actual data to calculate virtual water content of major food crops and food virtual water trade in China's major grain producing areas by CROPWAT8.0 model recommended by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).
Research on Comprehensive Protection and Administration System of the Chinese Grand Canal
Authors: Deng Jun , Tan Xu Ming
Published: August 2013

The Grand Canal is the Chinese civilization landmark works, regrettably part of the Canal has been under mananged by poly-department but inefficiently for years. This paper analysed the Canals nature and cultural value; based upon investigation of the status quo, searched the unavoidable conflicts between water administration, engineering administration and cultural heritage protection in future, because of distinct management objectives; indicates the necessity to establish comprehensive regulations to protect and utilize ancient water project in use. This paper itemized typical cases and advanced experience at home and abroad, and then suggests completing and innovating the management of water projects of the Grand Canal.
Study on Calculations of Pollutant Adjustment Concentrations at Monitoring Sections in Water Function Zones under the Scene of Overproof Upstream Water
Authors: Liu Jin Fu , Cai Yu , Liu Wei , Duan Hai Yan , Wang Xian En , Dong De Ming
Published: August 2013

In 2011 the pollution receiving capacity red-line policy in No.1 document of central government made new request on up-to-standard assessments of water function zones. As the key and difficulty work in practice, overproof upstream water normally leads to unfair assessment results of downstream water function zones. In this paper, for calculating pollutant adjustment concentrations to avoid overproof upstream water effects at sections in downstream water function zones, downstream situations are classified according to influences from upstream branches, upstream sewage outlets, or whether in flood season. Equations based on one-dimensional water quality model and pollutant input-response model were put forward to deal with these situations even though downstream sections are not monitored. Calculations above included pollutant decay process, pollutant input-response relation and non-point source pollution. The results show that equations could be used in up-to-standard assessments of water function zones and support water resources management well.
The Prediction and Evaluation of the Groundwater Quality of Taikang Formation in Tertiary in West of Daqing Oilfield by Using Resistivity Logging Data
Authors: Xiao Kun , Zou Chang Chun , Xiang Biao
Published: August 2013

In order to research the groundwater quality of the Taikang Formation in Tertiary in west of Daqing Oilfield, resistivity logging data of 140 wells in the study area were analyzed to forecast the groundwater total dissolved solids (TDS) distribution of the plane. When the resistivity logging value (Rt) of the Taikang Formation in Tertiary is above 45Ω.m and its corresponding value of Formation water TDS is below 1000 mg/L, the quality of groundwater accords with life standards for drinking. The south area of Hongweixing well area and the east of Xishuiyuan well area, including Ranghulu, Qianjincun, Dulitun and Nanshuiyuan well area are favorable for high quality groundwater. The research provides the evidences to evaluate the groundwater quality in west Daqing Oilfield and determine specific well location, improving the efficiency of exploring the underground drinking water.
Water Quality Prediction Based on Improved Wavelet Transformation and Support Vector Machine
Authors: Liu Wen , Wang Guo Yin , Fu Jian Yu , Zou Xuan
Published: August 2013

In the process of monitoring water quality, as the transient variable data lead to unsound prediction models and the traditional parameter optimization method based on signal factor experiments is not only time-consuming but also can not ensure the most optimal parameters. We propose to combine wavelet transformation with data translation to reduce the influence of transient variations on prediction models, and use genetic algorithm (GA) to optimize the parameters of support vector machine (SVM). The new prediction model is applied to predict water quality time series, which is compared with the traditional modeling methods based on SVM and BP neural network. The results show that the new model is superior to traditional modeling methods.
Flocculation of Pseudomonas delafieldii R-8 by γ-Polyglutamic Acid Combined with Celite for Biodesulfurization of Model Oil
Authors: Zhu Fei Yan , Hu Zhong Bo
Published: August 2013

γ-polyglutamic acid (PGA) was firstly used for recovery and immobilization of Pseudomonas delafieldii R-8 cells in biodesulfurization process. The PGA mediated flocculation was combined with celite adsorption to immobilize R-8 cells and the as-prepared immobilized cells showed a high initial specific desulfurization rate at 0.243 mmol l-1 h-1 and a good desulfurization stability with 95% desulfurization activity remained after 6 batches of desulfurization processes.
The Problem and Countermeasure Research on Ecological and Circulatory Agriculture in the Ecologically Fragile Areas - For the Example of the Yellow River Delta
Authors: Cao Jun Jie , Song Qiong
Published: August 2013

Whether the ecologically fragile areas can avoid weakness and enhance strong points and take advantages of their resources and carry on the reasonable development, it is related to the success or failure of the regional economic and social sustainable development strategy. Yellow River Delta as typical ecological fragile areas in China, the development of ecological and circulatory agriculture has strategic significance for the area towards the road of sustainable development. For the problem about Yellow River Delta develop ecological and circulatory agriculture, such as fragile ecological conditions, water shortages , serious environmental pollution, ecological technology relatively backward, low cultural quality of the agricultural labor force and weak support policies, we must take some countermeasures like development of rural education, promotion of ecotechnological progress, improvement of the agroecological environment , the comprehensive development and so on.
Research Progress on Soil Erosion Process of Slope-Gully System on the Loess Plateau of China
Authors: Xiao Pei Qing , Yang Er , Li Li
Published: August 2013

The Loess Plateau has the highest erosion rates in the world. Studying soil erosion process on the Loess Plateau has received more attention in recent years. Vertical erosion distribution zone is an important feature on the loess plateau. Infiltration, sediment concentration, erosion pattern and characteristic of sediment and water transportation have a clear distribution too. Research on soil erosion process can provide basis for constructing physical process based soil erosion mode and can provide scientific basis for laying out soil and water conservation measures effectively. So, spatial variability of slope erosion pattern, sheet, rill, shallow gully and permanent gully erosion process dominated at different erosion zone as well as slope-gully coupling system were discussed in this paper. And then, further research issues have been presented in the future.
Soil Lead Concentration Anomaly Regions in Agricultural Area of Central China
Authors: Yang Chun Lin , Guo Rui Ping , Yue Qing Ling
Published: August 2013

In this study, the spatial distribution of soil lead (Pb) concentration in topsoil in Henan, China, was surveyed and analyzed using geostatistics and geography information systems (GIS). The concentrations of Pb in topsoil were investigated based on 603 samples. Pb mean concentration of 28.2 mg/kg in surface soils was found to be higher than those in global soils, which ranged from 16.31376.9 mg/kg.. From spatial analysis results, soil lead concentration anomaly regions were found in Henan Province, central China. The classification of a soil Pb environmental risk in an area was likewise presented based on the different levels of environmental quality of Pb and was done by GIS technology. Accordingly, there is a higher local concentration of Pb in the surrounding areas of Luoyang and Nanyang, which is historic mining area.
Comparison between Optimization Method and Experience-Based Method in Soil Conservation
Authors: Feng Yuan , Wang Ji Xian
Published: August 2013

The analysis of the slope stability is important in soil conservation. To analyze the slope stability, optimization methods were coded and compared with the traditional experience-based methods. Furthermore, the results were visualized in the program, so that the user can easily check the results and can designate an area, in which the program seeks the center and radius of the most hazardous slide arc. Moreover, the graphic interaction function was implemented in the program. In addition, the Standard Model One, recommended by ACAD (The Association for Computer Aided Design), was calculated by the program, of which the results (safety factor Ks=0.95~0.96) were smaller than the official recommend value (Ks=1). It is because that the traditional slice method, which neglects the normal stress and shear stress between the slices, was applied for calculation of Ks.
Impact of Fertilization on Microbial Biomass Carbon and Nitrogen from Soil in Vegetable Greenhouse
Authors: Zhao Ya Jie , Chen Xin , Shi Yi , Lu Cai Yan
Published: August 2013

In this study, columns packed of a greenhouse soil with various soil fertile levels (low, medium and high) were carried out under greenhouse condition. The leaching experiment lasted 51 days. There were four fertilization treatments including no fertilizer [CK], chemical fertilizer [NPK], organic manure [M], organic manure and chemical fertilizer [M+NPK]. Microbial biomass C and N were measured. The results were as follows: organic or inorganic fertilizer increased the contents of soil microbial biomass C and N, and combination of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer significantly elevated the amount of soil microbial biomass C and N compared to organic or inorganic fertilizer treatment. There were significant differences in the amount of microbial biomass C and N among different fertile level soil under different fertilization practices in 0-20 and 20-40cm soil layers. Our study showed that application of manure and chemical fertilizer at proper rates according to soil fertile status is beneficial to increase the amount of microbial biomass C and N.
Effects of Coal Mining Subsidence on the Changes of Soil Nutrient in Shenfu-Dongsheng Coal Field
Authors: Yang Ting Ting , Gao Yong , Yao Guo Zheng , Li Peng
Published: August 2013

Ground surface subsidence will cause enormous impact to ecological environment in Coal Gob. But the study concerning the effect of the surface subsidence on soil nutrients is little. Taking Bulianta (Sandstorm--subsidence Area) and Yujialiang (Loess-subsidence Area) coal mine in Shenfu-Dongsheng coal field as study object, The characteristics of soil nutients in non-collapse area and the effect of collapse on soil nutrients are sdudied systematicly by Field sampling and laboratory analysis.The results showed that: With the increasing of soil depth, total soil nutrient content gradually reduced in both stduy areas, While in Sandstorm-subsidence Area, Total nitrogen and total phosphorus increased with soil depth. The total nitrogen and total phosphorus in Sandstorm-subsidence Area is lower than those in Loess-subsidence Area, but the total K is higher than that in Loess-subsidence Area. In a word, the effect of coal mining subsidence on total soil nutrients in both Areas is on the small side.
Effects of Different Soil Micro-Catchment Pattern on Soil Moisture and Heat in the Semi-Arid Area of Western Liaoning Province
Authors: Xiao Zhi Jing , Sun Zhan Xiang , Feng Liang Shan , Feng Chen , Wang Dian Wu
Published: August 2013

This study focuses on the outstanding issues of the serious lack of water resources in semi-arid area of western Liaoning province. Traditional cropping patterns as contrast, studied the effect of unary or binary coverage of three micro-catchment patterns, which were ridge film mulching and furrow seeding (T1), groove ridge mulch film (T2), ridge ditch straw mulching cultivation (T3). Compared with the traditional pattern, micro-catchment patterns have obvious water gathering effect. This experiment, T2 of the best water conservation and water harvesting, compared to the traditional pattern, the average soil moisture content improve 2.38% in the growth period. Followed by T3, improves 1.71%. The third was Tr1, improve 1.43%. Micro-catchment can be avoided the drought of soil deeply by covering mulching film. 63mm precipitation can effectively improve 0-80cm soil moisture. While gullies covering film or direct planting cultivation can significantly increase soil temperature. Although the straw covering did not have the role to increase the soil temperature, the soil temperature was more close to the traditional cropping pattern. Compared with the traditional pattern, the average soil temperature of T2 increased by 2.42°C, T1 increased 1.99°C, T3 reduced 0.21°C.
Research on Soil Infiltration Law of Different Landues Types in Jinsha River Dry-Hot Valley
Authors: Liu Zhi Qin , Lang Nan Jun , Wang Ke Qin
Published: August 2013

This article takes four different slope lands as the experimental points in Jinsha River dry-hot volley. The double-rings method is adopted to illustrate the soil moisture infiltration characteristics in four different landuse types. The results show that different landues types have obvious differences in soil infiltration capability among four different patterns of landuse. Arbor forest behaved the best infiltration capability and wasteland the worst; the average infiltration and the steadily infiltration attains 1.67mm/min and 0.5mm/min respectively during the first 120min of soil water infiltration process in arbor forest; the rate of whatever the average infiltration or the steadily infiltration express the same regulation: the arbor forest is a little higher than the shrub land, the grassland, than the waste land; the moisture infiltration rate in different landuse types can all be thoroughly defined through the Horton equation; Water infiltration is affected by the soil bulk density. With the bulk density increasing, the steady infiltration rate decreases. And the two are at an exponential function.
Advances on Nitrous Oxide Emission from Grassland Ecosystem
Authors: Ding Jing , Yang Yu Lou , Liu Peng , Zhao Qing Shan , Duan Jun Jie , Mei Bao Ling
Published: August 2013

Grassland ecosystem is the main terrestrial ecosystem. It has become one of the seriously destroyed terrestrial ecosystems, and grassland greenhouse gases emission has a great influence on the global climate change. Nitrous oxide (N2O) in atmosphere is a member of greenhouse gases, and it plays an important role in circulation of nitrogen in terrestrial ecosystem and constitutes a key method for nitrogen output. Based on domestic and foreign references, the aim was to overview the production mechanism and major influential factors of N2O in soil from grassland ecosystem. The major influential factors were soil temperature, soil moisture, soil organic matter, grazing and reclamation. Finally, the paper concluded that N2O emission from grassland ecosystem was the result of the interaction of many factors.
Alteration of Heavy Metal Fractions in Soil of Guiyu, South China by Native Bacillus cereus under the Effect of BDE209
Authors: Peng Hui , Yin Hua , Ye Jin Shao
Published: August 2013

Microbiologic experiments together with Tessier sequential extraction and ICP-OES determination showed that distributions of Pb, Cu, Cd and Cr in soil of Guiyu, an e-waste dismantling region in South China, have changed after activities of native combined Bacillus cereus. Exchangeable fractions of these heavy metals were 1.52, 12.32, 3.98 and 34.50-fold those of original ones after 8 h interaction, here the organic phases were supposed to be the main alteration origin. The changing interaction time brought different impacts on concentration variation of heavy metals. Decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE209) influenced combined Bacillus cereus to redistribute the shares of heavy metals. BDE209 of 1 mg/L favored the alteration to make heavy metals become more bioavailable, while 5 mg/L and 10 mg/L of BDE209 baffled this alteration. However, influences of these strains on heavy metal speciation could be generally enhanced at the presence of BDE209, particularly for Cu and Pb Therefore, non-residual fractions were easier to be transferred into bioavailable ones after interaction with biomass, thus favoring the subsequent bioremediation of soil.
Harmony: A Destination that Environmental Protection Rests on - Teachings from Tao Te Ching and The Analects of Confucius
Authors: Guo Ying Jie
Published: August 2013

By referring to Tao Te Ching and The Analects of Confucius, this paper argues that humanity is a destination that environmental protection rests on. Fundamentally, harmony and environmental protection have close relationship with each other. Environmental protection is available for the sake of harmony while harmony guarantees the effects of environmental protection. Harmony plays unique roles in environmental protection too. Specifically, harmony acts a monitor to initiate environmental protection, serves as a lever to practice environmental protection, and functions as a mirror to observe environmental protection. Regarding the suggestions of fulfilling harmony in environmental protection, the paper claims that individuals should fill themselves with harmonious consciousness, society should provide peaceful and harmonious atmosphere, and national legislatures should make corresponding laws. In brief, harmony is significant in environmental protection.
Restore Ecological Theories of Urban Landscape System Planning Revelation
Authors: Liu Han Zhou
Published: August 2013

Principles of restoration ecology include the theory of restrictive factors, structure theory of ecosystem ecological fitness theory, niche theory, community succession theory, biodiversity theory and patch-corridor-matrix theory, etc. These theories for urban ecosystem characteristics, reflecting and improving the urban ecological environment with the original content, having great insight in the amount, shape and guidelines to build urban landscape system, its not only becoming the urban landscape system planning and important theoretical foundation of the building, but also providing a new way of thinking for the construction of urban landscape system.
Study on Chlorpyrifos Residues Degradation by Mutagenic Bacteria DX1 in Soil
Authors: Niu Ming Fen , Wei Jian , Liang Chen
Published: August 2013

In this study, it was carried out by designing PH, soil fertilization content, humidity and mutagenic bacteria DX1 inoculation concentration of orthogonal experiment to research chlorpyrifos degradation rate in the soil, which was affected by mutagenic bacteria DX1 in the soil environment. SPSS software was taken visualized analysis and variance analysis to evaluate the impact of different levels of the test results, to determine the factors which had significant impact on the experimental results. It showed that the best environmental factors of chlorpyrifos degradation rate in soil were the pH 7, organic fertilizer content 5mg/kg, the soil moisture 70%, inoculation volume 50ml/kg. The pH value and inoculation volume had a significant impact on chlorpyrifos degradation rate in soil; the soil humidity had little effect and the organic fertilizer content had almost no effect.
Isolation Process and Bioactive Activity of Bioactive Polysaccharides from Fungal Mycelium
Authors: Cao Xiang Yu , Yang Wei , Lui Jian Li , Ai Hai Xin
Published: August 2013

Fungus has been valued as one of edible and medicinal resources, and bioactive substances have been identified in many fungus species. In all of them, polysaccharides are the most famous and potent fungus-derived substances with antioxidant, antitumor, immunoregulation and so on. Although the isolation process and bioactive activity of fungal mycelium polysaccharides have been investigated in the past decade, the new bioactive activity and the mechanism of fungal mycelium polysaccharides are not systematic studied. These studies are still in progress and the role of polysaccharides as bioactive activity is especially under intense debate. The purpose of the present review is to summarize the available information of isolation process and bioactive activity, and to reflect the current status of these research areas with a view for future direction.
The Impact of Biodiversity in Sustainable Agroecosystems
Authors: Zhang Yan Ming , Wu He Qi , Bai Yang , Wang Hong , Li Ji Lin , Li Yu Xin
Published: August 2013

As a powerful tool, biodiversity can be applied for assessing sustainability levels in agroecosystems as well as assessing both positive and negative effects of different agricultural activities and management strategies on the environment. It is the variety of life, including variation among genes, species and functional traits, which can increase the productivity of farming systems in a range of growing conditions, and also can maintain and increase soil fertility and mitigate the impact of pests and diseases. More diverse farming systems are generally more resilient in the face of perturbations, thus enhancing food security. For agriculture, biodiversity can be also expressed as planned (agricultural) and associated (para-agricultural and extra-agricultural) biodiversity, which reflect different functions of plants, animals and micro-organisms in agroecosystems. This paper introduces the categories of biodiversity in agroecosystems, assesses the functional biodiversity in sustainable agroecosystems, and prospects the significant of biodiversity in sustainable agroecosystems.