bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular Insight into Obesity-Associated Nephropathy: Clinical Implications and Possible Strategies for its Management
Authors: Gupta Himani , Bhandari Uma
Published: October 2024

Obesity is a significant health concern due to its rapid increase worldwide. It has been
linked to the pathogenic factors of renal diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension,
dyslipidemia, and type 2 diabetes. Notably, obesity raises the likelihood of developing chronic kidney
disease (CKD), leading to higher adult mortality and morbidity rates. This study explores the
molecular mechanisms that underlie obesity-associated nephropathy and its clinical implications.
Obesity-Associated Nephropathy (OAN) develops and worsens due to insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia,
which promote renal sodium reabsorption, glomerular hyperfiltration, and hypertension,
leading to progressive kidney damage. Renal damage is further aggravated by persistent
inflammation and redox damage, mediated by adipokines and proinflammatory cytokines, such as
TNF-α and IL-6. Furthermore, stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-
aldosterone system (RAAS) intensifies glomerular hypertension and fibrosis. These elements
cause glomerular hyperfiltration, renal hypertrophy, and progressive kidney damage. Clinical
manifestations of obesity-associated nephropathy include proteinuria, reduced glomerular filtration
rate (GFR), and ultimately, CKD. Management strategies currently focus on lifestyle modifications,
such as weight loss through diet and exercise, which have been effective in reducing proteinuria
and improving GFR. Pharmacological treatments targeting metabolic pathways, including
GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors, have shown renoprotective properties. Additionally,
traditional RAAS inhibitors offer therapeutic benefits. Early detection and comprehensive management
of OAN are essential to prevent its progression and lessen the burden of CKD.
Non-fused Pyrimidine Derivatives as Potential Pharmacological Entities: A Review
Authors: Bharti Khyati L. , Parmar Parnas S. , Rathod Bhavesh P. , Anjirwala Sharmil N. , Patel Saurabh K.
Published: October 2024

Non-fused pyrimidine scaffold is a significant component for designing new drugs.
The review emphasizes the pharmacological importance of non-fused pyrimidine-containing
moieties based on the broad spectrum of activities such as antiprotozoal, antibacterial, antimycobacterial,
anticancer, anti-inflammatory activity, and CNS depressant. Pyrimidine derivatives
are fascinating entities that display biological activities for the treatment of cancer. It
also highlights the tendency of non-fused pyrimidine derivatives to suppress cell growth by
obstructing the activity of VCP, CDK-2, EGFR, ATR, EphB4 & EphA2, PDGF as well as
inhibitory action towards different cell lines such as MCF-7, HeLa, NCI/ADR-RES, NCIH23,
HOP-92, HCT-116, OV-3, MOLT-4, PC-3, MDA-MB-231, MALME-3M, K562 and
Bcr-Abl. The review details the importance of morpholine, piperidine, and pyrrolidine ring
substitutions on pyrimidine moiety as well as the role of H-bonding and amino linkage along
with antibacterial activity due to the presence of pleuromutilin and tetrazole molecules. Researchers
were motivated to develop and enhance the non-fused pyrimidine scaffold to uncover
novel medicines by reading this review article.
Exploring the Mechanism of Centipeda minima in Treating Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Based on Network Pharmacology
Authors: Huang Can , Liu Xiaolin , Wang Weimo , Guo Zhen
Published: October 2024

Background:

Centipeda minima (CM) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine used for
the treatment of sinusitis and rhinitis, and it possesses anti-cancer properties. However, the mechanism
of CM in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains unclear.

Objective:

This study aimed to explore the mechanism of CM in the treatment of NPC using a network
pharmacology approach.

Methods:

The active components and targets of CM and NPC were screened using TCMSP, SwissTarget,
and GeneCards database. The association between CM components and NPC targets or
pathways was analyzed using String, Cytoscape 3.9.1, David 6.7, and AutoDock Vina. The
Sangerbox platform was used to conduct differential expression and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis
of core genes.

Results:

We identified 17 active compounds of CM and 146 corresponding targeted proteins in
NPC. These targets may modulate pathways in cancer, PI3K-Akt, apoptosis, prolactin, relaxin,
and TNF signaling. The top 5 core genes of the PPI network were found to be AKT1, STAT3,
CASP3, EGFR, and SRC, which may be the main targets of CM in treating NPC. Molecular docking
confirmed the binding energies of quercetin with CASP3, 8-Hydroxy-9,10-diisobutyryloxythymol
with AKT1, and plenolin with AKT1, which were particularly low, suggesting robust and stable
interactions. The expression levels of AKT1, CASP3, EGFR, SRC, MMP9, CCND1, and PTGS2
were significantly higher in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) samples compared
to normal samples. In addition, the hub genes could predict the prognosis of HNSC as the
Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that patients with lower expressions of AKT1, STAT3,
CASP3, EGFR, MMP9, ESR1, PTGS2, and PPARG had better overall survival.

Conclusion:

By conducting a network pharmacology approach, we revealed the main ingredients,
key targets, and regulatory pathways of Centipeda minima in the treatment of NPC.
Comparison of the Effects of Dill Seed, Grape Seed and Date Extracts on Postpartum Hemorrhage Rates in the Fourth Stage of Labor: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Shayan Arezoo , Refaei Mansoureh , Parsapour Hamideh , Masoumi Seyedeh Zahra , Ahmadinia Hassan , Moradkhani Shirin , Sattari Mahtab , Hamoun Minoo
Published: October 2024

Background:

Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is one of the three leading causes
of maternal mortality. Herbal medicine is one of the well-known methods of treatment in the
world.

Objective:

This study was conducted to determine and compare the effect of dates, grape seed
and dill seed extracts on the PPH rate in women in the fourth stage of labor.

Methods:

Two hundred eligible multiparous women visiting the maternity ward in Hamadan for
normal delivery participated in this double-blind parallel-group clinical trial. They were
randomly divided into four 50-member groups of experiment (3 groups) and control (1 group).
The data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. In the experimental groups, in
addition to routine care and oxytocin administration, the mothers received a capsule containing
15 mg of dill seeds extract or 20 mg of grape seed extract or 5 g of dates extract immediately
after the delivery, and then their hemorrhage rates were measured one and two hours after
delivery. The control group received routine care, oxytocin, and placebo. Data were analyzed in
SPSS 21.

Results:

The hemorrhage changes in the placebo group were much less than the intervention
groups at 1 and 2 hours after delivery, and the four groups had a significant difference in terms
of hemorrhage in both hours (p <0.001). The overall difference between the dates extract group
and the placebo and grape seed groups was also statistically significant (p <0.05).

Conclusion:

All three extracts of dates, grape seed and dill seeds, especially dates, can be
effective in PPH reduction.
Introduction
Authors: A Veena , S Gowrishankar
Published: October 2024

Healthcare analytics indeed plays a crucial role in leveraging data from
various sources to identify trends, patterns, and insights that can lead to improvements
in healthcare delivery and decision-making. Feature selection is particularly important
in healthcare analytics because it helps identify the most relevant data attributes or
features that contribute to predictive models or analysis. By selecting the most
informative features, healthcare professionals can build more accurate models and gain
better insights into patient outcomes, treatment effectiveness, disease prediction, and
more. Challenges in healthcare data include issues related to data quality, privacy
concerns, data integration from disparate sources, and the complexity of healthcare
systems. Overcoming these challenges requires robust analytics techniques and
methodologies tailored to the healthcare domain. Machine learning algorithms play a
significant role in healthcare analytics by enabling predictive modeling, clustering,
classification, and other tasks. Choosing the right algorithm depends on the specific
healthcare application and the nature of the data being analyzed. This chapter outlines
Feature Selection algorithms and discusses the challenges associated with healthcare
data. It also introduces an abstract architecture for data analytics in the healthcare
domain. Furthermore, it compares and categorizes various machine learning algorithms
and techniques according to their applications in healthcare analytics.
Dynamics of change in the polytropic exponent in the expansion stroke of diesel
Authors: Litvinenko V. P. , Savinkov N. A.
Published: October 2024

In the article is considered the problem of achieving the optimal duration of the working stroke of a diesel engine piston during the expansion process and obtaining the maximum efficiency coefficient (EC). For this purpose, a hypothesis was put forward about the pumping action of the piston on the flow of expanding gases during the power stroke of an diesel internal combustion engine (ICE) as the piston moves from upper dead point (UDP) to bottom dead point (BDP).At a certain moment of expansion, the rate of the flow of expanding gases turns out to be equal to the rate with which the same flow is slowed down by the moving piston.The equality of these rates leads to the formation of a flow break line and has a significant impact on the nature of the change in the polytropic exponent; the value of the exponent becomes equal to one: n = 1. This indicates that the optimum duration of the engine’s working stroke has been achieved and corresponds to the maximum power that can be removed during the diesel engine’s operating cycle. An experimental relation was obtained between the initial p1 and final p2 pressures in the cylinder during gas expansion with the gas flow rate and the rate of deceleration of this flow due to the pumping action of the piston. An equation for the continuity of gas flow has been compiled for the process of gas expansion in the cylinder of an ICE with closed gas exchange organs. Based on this equation, the numericalvalue of the acceleration of gravity in the cylinder of ICE is obtained: gф ≈ 8,7 м/с2 < g, which confirms the pumping action of the piston. A theoretical (and graphical) dependence of the polytropic process exponent on the flow rate of expanding gases is obtained. The dependence allows to calculate the polytropic exponent and establish the gas relaxation period, indicating the achievement of the optimal duration of the piston stroke.
Reconocimiento de la liebre de costados blancos de Tamaulipas (Lepus altamirae E. W. Nelson, 1904) (Lagomorpha: Leporidae) en la localidad tipo, Altamira
Authors: Farías-González Verónica , Balderas-Mancilla Ulises de Jesús , Hernández-Hernández Mauricio , Frías-Morales Bruno , Medrano-Walt María De Los Ángeles , Vázquez-Maldonado Laura Elena , Azuara-Domínguez Ausencio , Gallo-Reynoso Juan Pablo , Ortiz-Guerrero Arturo
Published: October 2024

La liebre de Altamira fue restaurada al nivel taxonómico de especie como Lepus altamirae en 2019, ya que antes se había reclasificado como una subespecie de la liebre de cola negra, Lepus merriami y, posteriormente Lepus californicus, sin embargo, L. altamirae es una liebre de costados blancos.  Las décadas que L. altamirae permaneció como subespecie de la liebre de cola negra restaron visibilidad a la importancia de estudiar la historia de vida y la distribución geográfica de la liebre de costados blancos que habita en la región subtropical del noreste de México.  Las poblaciones de las diferentes especies de liebres de costados blancos de Norte América están disminuyendo a lo largo de sus rangos de distribución. Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron investigar y documentar si L. altamirae subsiste en su localidad tipo.  Se realizaron búsquedas bibliográficas y en iNaturalist, entrevistas orales a pobladores locales, y muestreos mediante el método de transecto en línea en terrenos con vegetación del Puerto Industrial de Altamira.  Una liebre fue fotografiada y se logró la captura de un ejemplar vivo; ambos individuos se identificaron como L. altamirae por la coloración del pelaje y con ello se constató su presencia en la localidad tipo con nuevos registros desde su descripción taxonómica en 1909.  Se propone que es necesario monitorear en forma sistemática a L. altamirae para conocer su distribución actual y el estado de conservación.
Buenas prácticas para la producción de reinas seleccionadas de abejas Apis mellifera
Authors: Cepeda Granados Mónica , Bejarano Garavito Diego Hernán , Vásquez Romero Rodrigo Efrén , Rodríguez García Omar Andrés , Montes Campos Wilson Alexis
Published: October 2024

En esta cartilla se describen los procedimientos para la producción de abejas reina seleccionadas. Se incluyen temas como la biología de la colonia, los métodos de reproducción natural, la definición de los objetivos de selección y las estrategias de mejoramiento genético, para lograr comprender el método Doolittle de cría de reinas, uno de los más utilizados a nivel mundial en sistemas de producción a mediana y gran escala.
Internet-Based Abnormal Chromosomal Diagnosis During Pregnancy Using a Noninvasive Innovative Approach to Detecting Chromosomal Abnormalities in the Fetus: Scoping Review
Authors: Oyovwi Mega Obukohwo Sr , Ohwin Ejiro Peggy , Rotu Rume Arientare , Olowe Temitope Gideon
Published: October 2024

Background

Chromosomal abnormalities are genetic disorders caused by chromosome errors, leading to developmental delays, birth defects, and miscarriages. Currently, invasive procedures such as amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling are mostly used, which carry a risk of miscarriage. This has led to the need for a noninvasive and innovative approach to detect and prevent chromosomal abnormalities during pregnancy.

Objective

This review aims to describe and appraise the potential of internet-based abnormal chromosomal preventive measures as a noninvasive approach to detecting and preventing chromosomal abnormalities during pregnancy.

Methods

A thorough review of existing literature and research on chromosomal abnormalities and noninvasive approaches to prenatal diagnosis and therapy was conducted. Electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, CENTRAL, CINAHL, Embase, OVID MEDLINE, OVID PsycINFO, Scopus, ACM, and IEEE Xplore were searched for relevant studies and articles published in the last 5 years. The keywords used included chromosomal abnormalities, prenatal diagnosis, noninvasive, and internet-based, and diagnosis.

Results

The review of literature revealed that internet-based abnormal chromosomal diagnosis is a potential noninvasive approach to detecting and preventing chromosomal abnormalities during pregnancy. This innovative approach involves the use of advanced technology, including high-resolution ultrasound, cell-free DNA testing, and bioinformatics, to analyze fetal DNA from maternal blood samples. It allows early detection of chromosomal abnormalities, enabling timely interventions and treatment to prevent adverse outcomes. Furthermore, with the advancement of technology, internet-based abnormal chromosomal diagnosis has emerged as a safe alternative with benefits including its cost-effectiveness, increased accessibility and convenience, potential for earlier detection and intervention, and ethical considerations.

Conclusions

Internet-based abnormal chromosomal diagnosis has the potential to revolutionize prenatal care by offering a safe and noninvasive alternative to invasive procedures. It has the potential to improve the detection of chromosomal abnormalities, leading to better pregnancy outcomes and reduced risk of miscarriage. Further research and development in this field is needed to make this approach more accessible and affordable for pregnant women.
A Novel Smartphone-Based Application and Supportive Accountability for the Treatment of Childhood Disruptive Behavior Problems: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Lindhiem Oliver , Tomlinson Claire S , Kolko David J , Silk Jennifer S , Hafeman Danella , Wallace Meredith , Setiawan I Made Agus , Parmanto Bambang
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Although evidence-based treatments have been developed for childhood behavior problems, many families encounter barriers to treatment access and completion (e.g., local availability of services, transportation, cost, and perceived stigma). Smartphone-based applications offer a cost-efficient method to deliver content to families.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to describe the study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of a smartphone-based application designed to reduce disruptive behaviors in young children.

METHODS

The current RCT evaluates the effectiveness of the UseIt! mobile health (mHealth) system as both standalone and coach-assisted interventions. A nationwide sample of parents of children ages 5 to 8 years with disruptive behaviors (N = 324 dyads) will be randomly assigned to the standalone app (n = 108), the coach-assisted app (n = 108), or the control app (n = 108). The outcome assessments (post-treatment and 6-month follow-up) include measures of app usage, parenting knowledge, and symptom reduction.

RESULTS

Recruitment of study participants began in December of 2022 and is ongoing. Data collection is projected to be completed by late 2026.

CONCLUSIONS

The current study aims to address a gap in the literature regarding the feasibility, effectiveness, and utility of a smartphone-based application that includes a coach-assisted arm. Digital therapeutics have the potential to enhance the reach and scalability of skills-based psychosocial interventions. Findings from the current study will advance scientific knowledge and have implications for clinical practice.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT05647772.
The Umbrella Collaboration®: An Innovative Tertiary Evidence Synthesis Methodology. Validation Study Protocol (Preprint)
Authors: Carrillo Beltran , Rubinos-Cuadrado Marta , Parellada-Martin Jazmin , Palacios-López Alejandra , Carrillo-Rubinos Beltran , Canillas-Del Rey Fernando , Baztán-Cortes Juan Jose , Gómez-Pavon Javier
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

The synthesis of evidence in healthcare is essential for informed decision-making and policy development. This study aims to validate The Umbrella Collaboration® (TU®), an innovative, semi-automatic tertiary evidence synthesis methodology, by comparing it with Traditional Umbrella Reviews (TUR), which are currently the gold standard.

OBJECTIVE

The primary objective of the present study is to assess whether a software-driven AI-assisted system of evidence synthesis, TU®, can match the effectiveness of traditional methods of tertiary synthesis, providing a potentially more timely, efficient, and comprehensive approach while remaining open to findings that could demonstrate superior performance. To support the primary objective of evaluating the effectiveness of TU® compared to traditional methodologies, this study also aims to assess the accessibility and comprehensibility of TU®'s outputs as a secondary objective

METHODS

This protocol outlines a comparative study divided into two main parts. The first part involves a quantitative comparison of results obtained using TU® and TURs in geriatrics. We will evaluate the identification, size effect, direction, statistical significance, and certainty of outcomes, as well as the time and resources required for each methodology. Data for TURs will be sourced from Medline (via PubMed), while TU® will use AI-assisted informatics to replicate the research questions of the selected URTs. The second part of the study assesses the ease of use and comprehension of TU® through an online survey directed at health professionals, utilizing interactive features and detailed data access.

RESULTS

Expected results include the assessment of concordance in identifying outcomes, the size effect, direction and significance of these outcomes, and the certainty of evidence. Additionally, we will measure the operational efficiency of each methodology by evaluating the time taken to complete projects. User perceptions of the ease of use and comprehension of TU® will be gathered through detailed surveys.

CONCLUSIONS

If TU® proves as effective as TURs but more time-efficient, accessible and easily updatable, it could significantly enhance the process of evidence synthesis, facilitating informed decision-making and improving healthcare. This study represents a step towards integrating innovative technologies into routine evidence synthesis practice, potentially transforming health research.
Author Reply to a Letter to the Editor (JMIR Invitation to Respond to Letter to the Editor re: MS 65784: Comment on “Development of a Trusted Third Party at a Large University Hospital: Design and Implementation/) (Preprint)
Authors: Wündisch Eric
Published: October 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

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Solving Inverse Magnetometry Problems Using Fuzzy Logic
Authors: Agayan S , Bogoutdinov Shamil , Firsov Il'ya
Published: October 2024

Integration interpretation of geophysical anomalies is a procedure for extracting geological and geophysical information about the object under study from observed physical fields. Interpretations are closely related to solutions of systems of linear algebraic equations (SLAE), therefore the possibility of the most complete and constructive description of all solutions of SLAE is of particular importance. It will allow you to take into account all additional information about the object and obtain the highest quality interpretation. The paper presents the authors’ results on the constructive description of SLAE solutions and its application to the construction of gravimetric interpretations.
Living donation and pregnancy complications: State of the evidence and ‘call-to-action’ for improved risk assessment
Authors: Rossi Ana P. , Katz-Greenberg Goni , Coscia Lisa , Brady Carla W. , Doligalski Christina , Irani Roxanna A. , Matas Arthur , Shah Silvi , Lentine Krista L. ,   on behalf of the AST WHCOP Reproductive Health, Contraception and Pregnancy after Transplantation and Living Donation Controversies Conference Participants
Published: October 2024

Living kidney and liver donation significantly increase the organ supply to make lifesaving transplant possible, offering a survival advantage to the recipient and cost savings to the society. Of all living donors 40% are women of childbearing age. However limited data exist regarding the impact of donation on future pregnancies as well as the impact of pregnancy complications on postdonation outcomes. In February of 2023, the American Society of Transplantation Women’s Health Community of Practice held a virtual Controversies Conference on reproductive health, contraception and pregnancy after transplantation and living donation. Experts in the field presented the available data. Smaller breakout sessions were created to discuss findings, identify knowledge gaps and develop recommendations. Herein we present the conference findings related to living donation. The evidence reviewed shows that gestational hypertension and gestational diabetes mellitus pre-kidney donation have been associated with an increased risk of developing postdonation hypertension and diabetes mellitus respectively, without increasing the risk of developing an estimated glomerular filtration rate <45 ml/min postdonation. The risk of preeclampsia in living kidney donors increases to 4-10% and low dose aspirin may help reduce that risk. Little is known about the financial burden of living donors that become pregnant, their risk of postpartum depression or the optimal time between donation and conception. The data on living liver donors is even scarcer. The creation of a registry of donor candidates may help answer many of these questions and in turn educate prospective donors so they can make an informed choice.
The Design and Implementation of Personalized Learning Platform Based on Android
Authors: Ming Qiaoying
Published: October 2024

Through an investigation and analysis of learning platforms, the author designed and implemented the personalized learning platform based on Android, adhering to the design principles. The platform is customized to learners’ learning styles and ubiquitous learning. Learners may receive personalized recommendations from the platform and get optimized user experience, which in turn enhances learners’ motive and efficiency in learning and supports teachers’ teaching.
Perspectives on HIV and sexual health in Spain
Authors: García-Iglesias Jaime , Albarrán Gutiérrez Álvaro , Corma Gómez Anaïs , Membrillo de Novales Francisco Javier , Villaamil Pérez Fernando
Published: October 2024

This report explores the perspectives of the situation of HIV and sexual health in Spain from numerous stakeholders, including healthcare professionals, policymakers, civil servants, activists and artists. It employs a multidisciplinary analysis to distill key problems and issues: including significant rises in STIs, a process of sexual transformation, a crisis of identity and loneliness, and a lack of coordination among services. The report includes key recommendations. This report also includes a prologue by the Spanish Secretary of State for Health, Javier Padilla.
Docencia y cultura en el exilio republicano español
Authors: Santana Hernández Adalberto , Velázquez Hernández Aurelio , Aguilar Salas María de Lourdes , Andersen Katrine Helene , Dosil Mancilla Javier , Durante Laura Mariateresa , García Bernal Silvia Mónica , Guasch Marí Yolanda , Ibáñez Tarín Margarita , Gambarte Eduardo Mateo , Ledezma Martínez Juan Manuel , Díaz Silva Elena , Rico Diener Ernesto , Sánchez Illán Juan Carlos , Vega Sánchez Gerardo , Sánchez Cuervo Antolín
Published: October 2024

LOS ESTUDIOS CULTURALES sobre el exilio republicano español en México han sido uno de los campos más fecundos de investigación durante las últimas décadas. No obstante, en buena parte de las fuentes existentes se presenta la imagen de una élite cultural exiliada que llevó "la cultura a un país anclado en el atraso y el subdesarrollo". Sin embargo, es una imagen distorsionada pues, según los coordinadores de este libro, es necesario considerar el floreciente ambiente cultural y científico que encontraron los exiliados a su llegada. / El gran éxito de la integración de los intelectuales en el ámbito cultural, académico y científico, que fue innegable, proviene de la fusión entre los universos culturales mexicanos y españoles. En este sentido esta obra recoge un conjunto de textos que ofrecen una aportación novedosa desde las investigaciones más actuales en el ámbito de los docentes, literatos, artistas y científicos exiliados.
El Perú en los inicios del siglo XXI. Cambios y continuidades desde las Ciencias Sociales
Authors: Guadalupe César , Diez Hurtado Alejandro , Cobo González Gonzalo , Vidarte Arévalo Óscar , Santos Martín , Damonte Valencia Gerardo , Kahhat Farid , del Valle Julio , Ulfe María Eugenia , Villanueva Mansilla Eduardo , Quero Morgan , Ames Patricia , Gonzales Alvarado Osmar , Acha Abusada María Paula , Espinosa Óscar , Vásquez Tania , Panfichi Aldo
Published: October 2024

El Perú atraviesa u momento clave en su historia. El siglo XXI parece haberle traído un viento a favor en lo económico y lo político que contrasta con la violencia y el dramatismo de su historia colonial y republicana, incluso reciente. El crecimiento económico, junto con la estabilidad política y la continuidad democrática son elementos concretos y novedosos que impactan favorablemente en su dinámica de desarrollo pero que generan demandas sociales inéditas y ponen de manifiesto las limitaciones del Estado y de las élites a la hora de pensar las soluciones a viejos problemas. Este libro ayuda a comprender procesos de cambio social subyacente a la dinámica económica e institucional y aborda con más detalle y profundidad la naciente sociedad peruana desde la perspectiva de las Ciencias Sociales. El libro cuenta con la colaboración de académicos peruanos que representan a una nueva generación con miradas innovadoras. Desde diversas disciplinas, los autores se enfocan a estudiar e interpretar los cambios y las continuidades en el Estado y la sociedad para ofrecernos un enfoque actual, amplio y matizado de los contornos del Perú del Siglo XXI, aún por conocer. Sin duda, esta obra constituye un aporte para todos aquellos que se interesan por los temas contemporáneos de América Latina.
¿Estado-nación o Estado plural? Pueblos indígenas y el Estado en América Latina (siglo XXI)
Authors: Makaran Gaya , Serna Moreno J. Jesús María , Gamba Trimiño Alexander , Rodas Morales Hugo , Escárzaga Fabiola , Gaussens Pierre , Ortega Muñoz Carlos Abraham , Sosa Solís Adriana , Mamani Ramírez Pablo , Nehe Börries , Sagal Luna Yakir , Rodríguez Reyes Itzel Mariana , Benítez Rivera René David , Kania Marta , Bacallao-Pino Lázaro M. , Hernández Hernández Blanca L.
Published: October 2024

El presente libro es fruto de un esfuerzo colectivo de compañeras y compañeros por repensar y reinterpretar la relación entre las sociedades indígenas y el Estado-nación en América Latina. Nos guía el proyecto plural y anticapitalista visto como un horizonte posible de resistencias creativas de los de abajo, constantemente amenazado tanto por el Estado-nación autoritario, como por el momento actual del sistema-mundo con una sed renovada de materias primas. La pregunta “¿Estado-nación o Estado plural?”, más que un camino a seguir, parece indicarnos la realidad que están enfrentando los pueblos indígenas, donde la estatalidad plural sigue siendo todavía un sueño.
The Amazon urban weft: a methodological proposal for recognizing a territory of possibilities
Authors: Ribeiro Renata Maciel , Ferreira Amanda Estefânia De Melo , Cardoso Ana Cláudia Duarte , Monteiro Antônio Miguel Vieira , Dal’Asta Ana Paula , Carmo Monique Bruna Silva , Amaral Silvana
Published: October 2024

In the Amazon, urbanized areas, stretching beyond the cities, constitute a complex urban network, with exchanges of economic and sociocultural capital, mediated by the management of socio-biodiversity. Despite holding the potential for an open future, this territory is generally rendered invisible by the instruments and methods used to understand and represent urbanization in the Amazon. Based on a reinterpretation and analysis of the original classes of the situations of the census tracts, combined with environmental data, this article proposes a methodological alternative that seeks to represent the complex and extensive Amazonian urban weft, considering the state of Pará as the spatial focus and three of the state’s distinct integration regions as the study area. The results have demonstrated that the proposed methodology was able to spatially delineate this weft – much larger than the municipal seats – and highlight areas where the urbanization-nature relationship is still preserved and has more chances to evolve.
Possível correlação entre verticalização e racismo/injúria racial no município de São Paulo como recalque espacial
Authors: Itikawa Luciana Fukimoto
Published: October 2024

Os crimes de racismo e injúria racial ocorridos entre 2016 e 2021 no município de São Paulo são manifestações persistentes da segregação socioespacial por raça que pode ter se intensificado com as transformações recentes na cidade. Este ensaio objetiva demonstrar que a análise urbana, por meio do geoprocessamento, pode ser uma ferramenta – além da historiografia e da sociologia – para explicar o paradoxo entre o mito da democracia racial no Brasil e a persistência da ocorrência desses crimes como vetores ancorados no espaço para aniquilação, expulsão e segregação de negros. Os Eixos de Estruturação da Transformação Urbana do Plano Diretor são foco de análise porque apresentaram crescimento maior de racismo que o resto da cidade. Isso pode fomentar um novo olhar sobre as políticas de uso e ocupação do solo verticalizado, processos que se desdobram carregando a herança colonial das hierarquias sociorraciais, definidas aqui como recalque espacial.
Computed tomography of acute orbital trauma in children: a retrospective study
Authors: Ochilov A. R. , Akhadov T. A. , Timofeeva A. V. , Zajtseva E. S. , Bozhko O. V. , Ublinsky M. V. , Dmitrenko D. M. , Voronkova E. V. , Savitskaya A. N.
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION: Orbital injuries account for 36 to 64% of all blunt trauma to the facial bones. Diagnosis of orbital wall fractures is carried out using conventional radiography in several projections and computed tomography; magnetic resonance imaging is less commonly used. Often, due to the small displacement of orbital bone fragments, X-ray diagnosis is difficult. Multislice CT with reconstruction of sagittal, coronal projections and 3D in the bone window in such cases is the best visualization method. However, there are still no clear indications for the use of each method and there is no complete view of the CT characteristics of orbital damage.

OBJECTIVE: To study the diagnostic value of computed tomography of orbital fractures in pediatric patients with acute trauma.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retro- and prospectively analyzed the results of CT scans of 94 patients with facial fractures from 01/01/2023 to 09/01/2023 to assess combined orbital injuries. Orbital fractures were detected in 63 children (67.0%). There were 44 boys (69.84%), 19 girls (30.15%) aged from 7 months to 17 years 10 months (average age 10.3). Statistics: For statistical analysis, the method of calculating the nominal correlation using the Kramer coefficient (V) using the IBM SPSS Statistics software package was used.

RESULTS: Concomitant injury was observed in 30 (47.6%); isolated 33 (52.36%). The number and frequency of fractures observed were as follows: superior wall of the orbit — 39 (61.9%); zygomatic complex — 19 (30.1%); lower wall of the orbit — 43 (68.2%); nasal bone — 17 (26.9%); lower jaw — 6 (9.5%); medial wall of the orbit — 28 (44.4%); upper jaw — 27 (42.8%); alveolar process — 6 (9.5%); isolated zygomatic arch — 14 (22.2%); Le Fort type I — 1 (1.5%); Le Fort type II — 2 (3.1%); and Le Fort type III — 0 (0%). Orbital hematomas were found in 25 patients (39.6%). It was revealed a strong correlation between the presence of contiguous skull fractures and multiple skull fractures (V=0.878, p<0.001), frontal sinus fractures and frontal sinus hemosinus (V=0.69, p<0.001).

CONCLUSION: Orbital fractures are a frequent type of facial fracture occurring in children with blunt isolated and combined trauma. In children with blunt trauma, head CT combined with clinical examination is currently the optimal tool for diagnosing clinically significant orbital injuries. There is a strong correlation between orbital hematomas and orbital vault fractures, orbital hematomas and lattice fractures, adjacent skull and orbital vault fractures, and adjacent skull and lattice fractures. CT examination should include multiplanar (in coronal and sagittal planes) and 3D reconstructions, which help to assess the extent of the fracture, the presence of diastasis, the degree of muscle impingement. Based on the data obtained, the clinician determines the need for surgical intervention.
Can ethical behavior reduce credit risk? Focus on the moderator role of the board of directors
Authors: Cantone Caterina , Spignese Alessia
Published: October 2024

The purpose of the study is to investigate whether companies that act ethically benefit in terms of reducing credit risk and if the board of directors (BoD) characteristics play a moderator role in the relationship between the presence of the legality rating and the credit risk. The study sample consists of 285 Italian companies between 2012 and 2022. The information related to the legality rating (LR) was taken from the Authority Guarantor of Competition and the Market (AGCM) and the other information associated with the companies was from the AIDA database by Bureau Van Dijk. The results of the study show a positive and statistically significant relationship between the LR and the EM-Score and a positive association between women on the BoD and the EM-Score. Moreover, the research reveals that the presence of women on the BoD amplifies the relationship between LR and credit risk.
The downside of board diversity: Landscapes and challenges
Authors: Água Pedro B. , Correia Anacleto
Published: October 2024

Promoting board diversity has had many supporters for years. Assuming that more minds would end up at better decisions, such would be an absolute win, however, there is a caveat, as with more diversity there is more potential for conflicts to arise as well. With the interlocking representations of current world multinational boards, their composition includes people from significantly different globe regions, which bring completely different worldviews into the boardroom. Therefore, the potential for misunderstandings, miscommunication, and ultimately board dynamic failures has never been higher. As this paradigm is unavailable, its context demands new solutions and perhaps new board leadership and training approaches. This article points towards possible research pathways for addressing such an important issue for making multinational boards more effective and efficient.
Análisis financiero integral de la empresa cultivadora de palma africana en Colombia
Authors: Rivera-Godoy Jorge-Alberto , Vidal-Sánchez Tatiana-Andrea
Published: October 2024

Problemática: el cultivo de la palma africana es uno de los sectores más dinámicos de la agricultora nacional, que ha contribuido a posicionar a Colombia como el cuarto productor mundial de aceite de palma y el primero en el continente americano; sin embargo, sus estudios económicos se enfocan en la producción, hectáreas cultivadas, exportaciones, precio, materias primas, empleo, etc., dejando por fuera la evaluación de su desempeño financiero. Objetivo: se busca diagnosticar financieramente a la empresa colombiana cultivadora de palma africana en el periodo 2017 – 2021. Materiales y métodos: se realiza un análisis estático y de tendencias de indicadores que miden crecimiento, eficiencia en el uso de activos, eficacia en el monitoreo de costos-gastos, efectividad en el logro de utilidades sobre la inversión y su Valor Económico Agregado (EVA), que son comparados con empresas semejantes en el ámbito nacional y en el entorno mundial. Resultados y discusión: se encuentra que la empresa cultivadora varía sus ventas y activos y utilidad neta; alcanza, en promedio, rentabilidades contables y su comportamiento es afín a los márgenes de utilidad operacional y neta y a la rotación de activos; aunque destruye EVA. Conclusiones: al compararse con su homóloga de mayores ventas en Colombia y con la empresa agrícola en el medio global se encuentra que es más eficaz en el control de erogaciones, pero menos efectiva para obtener beneficios sobre el patrimonio; además, su referente internacional crea EVA. Contribución/originalidad: es un análisis financiero integral inédito, útil para analistas y empresarios al evaluar su competitividad.
Palabras claves: administración financiera; análisis costes-beneficio; ganancia, cultivo, aceite vegetal.
Digital Supply Chain and Business Performance: The Case of the Oil and Gas Industry
Authors: Jusoh Anis , Mahmood Rosman , Ahmad Zuriyati , Mohd Zahari Ahmad Suffian
Published: October 2024

A competitive global business competition requires a firm to formulate a competitive strategy in supply chain management. The transformation from manual to digital management is also necessary for the oil and gas industry. A digital supply chain is a management approach that uses technology to manage the flow of goods, information, and finance across the entire supply chain. This study attempts to evaluate the impact of the digital supply chain on business performance in the oil and gas industry. The study sample was 523 PETRONAS staff members who were involved in operating two main units, namely, a gas processing and oil refinery. The results of multiple regression analysis found that the digital supply chain significantly and positively influences firm performance across the three study samples, namely gas processing, oil refinery, and the overall sample. Technology-driven supply chain management has had a significant positive impact on every aspect of the supply chain. This can be observed in enhanced efficiency, improved visibility, time savings, and increased company competitiveness. Nonetheless, the influence of the digital supply chain is not absolute because other factors such as communication, competence, transparency, and training empirically affect the firm's performance. All of these factors are complementary to the effectiveness of digital supply chain implementation. In line with this, steps are being taken to optimize digital applications across all aspects of the supply chain, along with certain elements related to human capital, to create a unique resource capable of fostering competitive advantage and enhancing firm performance.
Substituted Bi3.5Mg1.8Nb2.7O13.8 pyrochlores with transition metals (Zn, Ni and Cd): Doping mechanism, structure and electrical properties
Authors: Tan Phei , Tan Kar , Khaw Chwin , Ananda Murthy , Balachandran Ruthramurthy , Chen Soo , Lee Jew , Chan Kah , Lu Ming
Published: October 2024

The influence of transition metals (Zn, Cd and Ni) on bismuth magnesium
niobate (Bi3.5Mg1.8Nb2.7O13.8, BMN) pyrochlores was investigated.
Considering the difference in their ionic radii, Cd was postulated to
substitute Mg at the eight-fold coordinated A-site whereas Zn and Ni were to
replace Mg at the six-fold coordinated B-sites of the host structure.
Solubility limits in these substitutional pyrochlore solid solutions were
determined to be 0.4, 0.1 and 0.3 for Zn, Ni and Cd, respectively. Upon
introducing these divalent cation dopants, notable changes in the lattice
parameters and grain sizes were observed with increasing dopant
concentration. The high dielectric constants, ?? of Zn, Cd and Ni doped BMN
pyrochlores were discernible with their bulk values of 195-216, 173-195 and
153-195, respectively. The highest ?? of 216 was recorded for the
composition with Zn = 0.1 in contrast to the lowest value of 153 found in
the composition with Ni = 0.1. Meanwhile, these highly insulating divalent
cation doped BMN pyrochlores also exhibit low dielectric losses, tan _ whose
values are in the order of 10?3. The excellent dielectric properties allow
these novel pyrochlore phases to be potentially applied for the energy
storage applications.
Local Income Inequality and the Value of Corporate Tax Responsibility
Authors: Farnsel Curtis A. , Neuman Erica L.
Published: October 2024

Corporate tax responsibility, or the obligation of companies to pay their “fair share” of taxes, is increasingly perceived as a component of firms’ social responsibility. Considering tax payments through the redistributive function, we examine how the association between corporate tax responsibility and firm value varies based on the presence of a salient social issue—local income inequality. Firms headquartered in areas of average income inequality have a negative relation between effective tax rate (ETR) and firm value, consistent with traditional economic theory and prior research. However, as local income inequality rises above average, the relation between ETR and firm value becomes more favorable (i.e., less negative). We interpret these findings as evidence that the relation depends on the salience of tax payments as a social issue. Further, the results are substantiated by firms whose socially responsible tax payments are consistent with their reputation as good corporate citizens.

Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.

JEL Classifications: D22; H23; H25; H32.
How to Create a Practitioner-Focused Academic Research Synthesis
Authors: Hoang Kris , Luo Yi , Salterio Steven E.
Published: October 2024

Practitioner-focused research syntheses are widely used in many disciplines as an effective, routine means to transfer knowledge from research to practice. We suggest that accounting academics develop research skills to enable them to create a practitioner-responsive research synthesis. We provide a step-by-step primer for conducting and reporting results on a focal research question in a research synthesis. We draw from our experience in creating a practitioner-validated research synthesis on issues related to group audits to illustrate the process concretely. This paper addresses the mindset necessary to assemble and convey research findings relevant to practitioners. Our goal is to equip accounting researchers with tools to develop high-quality research syntheses comparable to those that other disciplines use in communicating with their practitioner communities.
Mitigating Normal Form Violations Using Resources-Events-Agents, Resources-Events-Agents-Locations, and Hierarchy: A Knowledge-Based Approach
Authors: O’Leary Daniel E.
Published: October 2024

Resources-Events-Agents (REA) accounting database systems knowledge can facilitate identification of normal form in databases that are not REA-compliant. This paper examines several database snippets, drawn from Oracle database materials, that have normal form violations and determines that knowledge of REA/REAL entity models (REA-Compliance) provides information that can be used to find those normal form violations in relational tables. We find that REA/REAL knowledge provides a capability that has not been fully leveraged, providing a link between the real-world and academic accounting database systems.

Data Availability: Data are published in the paper.

JEL Classifications: M4.
Will Courts Accept or Dismiss Expert Accounting Testimony? The Case of James v. Trump
Authors: Tinkelman Daniel
Published: October 2024

This paper uses the court records in the recent civil litigation in New York over Donald Trump’s personal financial statements to consider factors that affect how courts view expert accounting testimony. It also discusses common approaches attorneys use to try to limit or discredit expert testimony and suggests critical factors for forensic accountants to consider.

Data Availability: Data are available from public sources cited in the text.

JEL Classifications: M41; M42; M49.
ORSO: The Organizational Structure Ontology
Authors: Geerts Guido L. , O’Leary Daniel E.
Published: October 2024

Organizational structure information is deeply embedded in the different functional activities of accounting. This paper presents ORSO (ORganizational Structure Ontology), an ontology for describing organizational structures that can be reasoned with as part of accounting applications, developed following the principles and guidelines of design science research. ORSO allows the representation of key organizational constructs to meet internal and external accounting needs, including financial reporting requirements, analysis of an organization’s governance structure, economic analysis of agent and group performance, the definition and monitoring of controls, and responding to political and social inquiries about agents and other needs. A prototype is presented that demonstrates three possible types of applications of ORSO systems: (1) analysis of organizational structures, (2) accounting analysis through the integrated use of Resource-Event-Agent (REA) transaction data and ORSO specifications, and (3) constraint definition and monitoring.

Data Availability: Additional information is available from the authors.

JEL Classifications: M4.