bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Questões fronteiriças
Authors: Luz da Conceição Milton
Published: July 2020

Identificar nas cidades de Olivenza (Espanha) e na cidade de Florianópolis (Brasil), marcas da disputa entre lusos e castelhanos para marcar fronteiras ibéricas ou pelo controle da costa sul atlântica meridional da América é o primeiro objetivo deste artigo. As citadas cidades serão moedas de troca em Tratados numa das muitas tentativas de solução para estes conflitos. As estruturas urbanas de defesa construídas em ambos espaços em meados do sec. XVIII, marcaram o território. A pretendida reconstrução busca no espaço urbano atual de Florianópolis e Olivença (em português) as marcas denunciadoras da luta entre ibéricos na premência de satisfazer suas necessidades e desejos. As fronteiras portuguesas mais ameaçadas por invasões, neste período, são a fronteira ao sul da colônia Brasil e a fronteira ibérica sueste a margem do rio Guadiana, o inimigo era comum em ambas: os Castelhanos. Assim, na primeira metade do século XVIII o reforço militar nestas duas fronteiras, tão distantes fisicamente, mas tão próximas na sua vulnerabilidade, foi uma constante. Afirmar que a Ilha de Santa Catarina e a região Ibérica onde se situa Olivença não guardam nenhuma semelhança física, geográfica ou social é afirmar o obvio. Mas podemos refletir a respeito da materialidade advinda dos episódios históricos.
BIMBOT-(Artificial intelligence applied to BIM design)
Authors: Frías César , Peña Jose María , Sánchez Érika , Almeida Lorena
Published: July 2020

BIMBOT es un asistente de diseño inteligente para la industria AEC. Sus herramientas se ejecutan sobre un software de modelado BIM y producen varias soluciones de diseño con modelos BIM optimizados. Funciona con el uso de métodos avanzados de Inteligencia Artificial (optimización soft computing y Machine Learning) y es compatible con bases de datos NoSQL. Contempla varias etapas:  La definición por el usuario de restricciones / prioridades establecidas ejecuta un proceso de diseño generativo impulsado por varios métodos de IA. Éste crea diferentes soluciones en modelos BIM almacenados y refinados a partir de un catálogo de objetos inteligentes. Con ello, los usuarios pueden interactuar importando modelos BIM con diseños propuestos, crearlos o editarlos in situ y recibir asistencia de una serie de métricas configurables que dan calidad al diseño de acuerdo con las preferencias iniciales. Así, obtenemos un Modelo BIM completo como resultado del proceso iterativo. Finalmente, el entrenamiento continuo de los algoritmos mejorará la eficiencia en futuros diseños. BIMBOT está concebido para extender las habilidades de los diseñadores a través del desarrollo de software BIM, permitiéndoles ser más productivos en tareas complejas del proceso de diseño. BIMBOT está financiado por el programa europeo Eureka / Eurostars (E! 12863).
Optimización del cálculo de la Vía de Intenso Desagüe con criterios hidráulicos
Authors: Sanz-Ramos M. , Bladé E. , Escolano E.
Published: July 2020

La legislación española actual exige que en los estudios de inundabilidad se delimite la Zona de Flujo Preferente (ZFP), compuesta por envolvente de la Zona de Inundación Peligrosa (ZIP) y la Vía de Intenso Desagüe (VID). La delimitación de la VID es compleja, subjetiva, y no tiene solución única. Habitualmente se determina mediante la restricción de la zona disponible para el flujo, estrechando la zona que ocupa la avenida de 100 años de periodo de retorno, es decir, no permitiendo el flujo en las zonas más alejadas del eje del río. En el presente trabajo se analiza el concepto de VID, y se muestra cómo, en algunos casos, el método anterior no es el mejor, en especial en presencia de zonas de flujo desconectadas o en casos en los que el flujo puede tener una componente transversal importante. Finalmente, se presenta una metodología para la definición de una VID con el mayor sentido físico posible, mediante modelización numérica bidimensional.
Safe and effective disinfection of show cave infrastructure in a time of COVID-19
Authors:   University of Akron, Barton Hazel
Published: July 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has been responsible for over 650,000 deaths worldwide. Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 occurs primarily through airborne transmission or direct human contact, demonstrating the importance of social distancing measures and the use of face masks to prevent infection. Nonetheless, the persistence of coronavirus on surfaces means that disinfection is important to limit the possibility of contact transmission. In this paper, the potential for various surfaces in show caves to serve as sources for SARS-CoV-2 infection is examined. Given the isoelectric potential (pI) of SARS and SARS-like coronaviruses, it is likely that they are adsorbed via electrochemical interactions to (limestone) rock surfaces, where the high humidity, pH and presence of biocarbonate ions will quickly lead to inactivation. Nonetheless, show caves contain infrastructure made of other non-porous surfaces that are more permissive for maintaining coronavirus viability. The 423 antiviral products approved by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) were curated into 23 antiviral chemistries, which were further classified based on their potential to be hazardous, impact cave features or ecosystems, and those compounds likely to have the minimum impact on caves. The results suggest that alcohols (70% ethanol), organic acids (citric and lactic acid) and dilute hypochlorite represent the best disinfectants for in-cave use on non-porous surfaces. These disinfectants are able to inactivate coronaviruses inecosystems.
Determinants of Inclusive Growth in ASEAN
Authors: Alekhina Victoriia , Ganelli Giovanni
Published: July 2020

Over the past decades ASEAN countries have experienced rapid economic growth accompanied by a dramatic fall in poverty rates, but income inequality has not retreated. This research aims at identifying factors which could contribute to more equally distributed growth in ASEAN. To measure inclusive growth, we use a variable integrating per capita income growth and an equity index. A cross-country panel analysis of the impact of macro-structural factors on inclusive growth and its two components suggests that fiscal redistribution, female labor force participation, productivity growth, FDI inflows, digitalization, and savings significantly drive inclusive growth. A scenario analysis based on our econometric results suggests that the implementation of fiscal redistribution and labor market-oriented structural reforms could help significantly accelerate inclusive growth in ASEAN.
A Conceptual Model for the Integrated Policy Framework
Authors: Basu Suman , Boz Emine , Gopinath Gita , Roch Francisco , Unsal Filiz
Published: July 2020

In the Mundell-Fleming framework, standard monetary policy and exchange rate flexibility fully insulate economies from shocks. However, that framework abstracts from many real world imperfections, and countries often resort to unconventional policies to cope with shocks, such as COVID-19. This paper develops a model of optimal monetary policy, capital controls, foreign exchange intervention, and macroprudential policy. It incorporates many shocks and allows countries to differ across the currency of trade invoicing, degree of currency mismatches, tightness of external and domestic borrowing constraints, and depth of foreign exchange markets. The analysis maps these shocks and country characteristics to optimal policies, and yields several principles. If an additional instrument becomes available, it should not necessarily be deployed because it may not be the right tool to address the imperfection at hand. The use of a new instrument can lead to more or less use of others as instruments interact in non-trivial ways.
Guinea
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Published: July 2020

Guinea is being severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. A local outbreak is spreading rapidly, adding pressure to the fragile social context and putting a strain on the health system. Containment measures have started to negatively impact domestic economic activity. Furthermore, the sharp slowdown in China (Guinea’s main export market) has hindered mining exports and tax revenues, putting pressure on Guinea’s external and fiscal position. Since the completion of the fourth ECF review, worsening global conditions and the local outbreak have deteriorated Guinea’s short-term outlook. Real growth is expected to sharply decelerate to 1.4 percent in 2020.
Zimbabwe
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Statistics Dept.
Published: July 2020

As part of a five-year project of the Enhanced Data Dissemination Initiative (EDDI) 2 Government Finance Statistics (GFS) Module on improving GFS and public-sector debt statistics in selected African countries, a mission was conducted in Harare, Zimbabwe during April 15–26, 2019. This mission was a follow up on a 2018 GFS technical assistance (TA) mission under the EDDI 2. The mission’s objective was to review progress made and assisting with outstanding statistical issues that are important for sound policymaking in Zimbabwe. Some of the key outstanding issues raised by the IMF African Department prior to the mission were, the classification of government subsidies to state owned enterprises (SOEs); the identification of extrabudgetary units (EBUs) and classification of their operations; and the correct classification of other government transactions in line with a Government Finance Statistics Manual (GFSM) 2014 framework.
Zambia
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Statistics Dept.
Published: July 2020

In response to a request from the authorities and as part of the United Kingdom’s Department for International Development (DFID) Enhanced Data Dissemination Initiative (EDDI) 2 project, a Government Finance Statistics (GFS) mission visited Lusaka, Zambia, during November 19–30, 2018. This was the third mission to Zambia under the DFID EDDI2 project, following the March 2016 and November 2017 missions. The mission worked essentially with staff at the Zambia Central Statistical Office (CSO) Public Finance Unit (PFU), but also had meetings with staff from the Ministry of Finance’s Accountant General, Budget, Investment and Debt Management, and Economic Management departments.
Senegal
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Published: July 2020

The Covid-19 pandemic has ended a period of buoyant growth averaging about 6 ½ percent over the last 6 years. Containment measures, lower external demand, reduced remittances, and the sudden stop of travel and tourism are taking a significant toll on the economy. Without forceful policy measures, the current crisis could unravel development gains over the last decade. The authorities have taken strong actions to contain the pandemic and mitigate its economic fallout, supported by significant additional external financing from Senegal’s development partners. The IMF disbursed US$442 million (100 percent of quota) under the RFI/RCF in April.
Representation of the equatorial stratopause semiannual oscillation in global atmospheric reanalyses
Authors: Kawatani Yoshio , Hirooka Toshihiko , Hamilton Kevin , Smith Anne K. , Fujiwara Masatomo
Published: July 2020

Abstract. This paper reports on a project to compare the representation of the semiannual oscillation (SAO)
in the equatorial stratosphere and lower mesosphere within six major global atmospheric reanalysis
datasets and with recent satellite Sounding of the Atmosphere Using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) and Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) observations. All reanalyses have a good
representation of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) in the equatorial lower and middle
stratosphere and each displays a clear SAO centered near the stratopause. However, the differences
among reanalyses are much more substantial in the SAO region than in the QBO-dominated region. The
degree of disagreement among the reanalyses is characterized by the standard deviation (SD) of the
monthly mean zonal wind and temperature; this depends on latitude, longitude, height, and
time. The zonal wind SD displays a prominent equatorial maximum that increases with height, while
the temperature SD reaches a minimum near the Equator and is largest in the polar regions. Along the Equator,
the zonal wind SD is smallest around the longitude of Singapore, where consistently high-quality
near-equatorial radiosonde observations are available. Interestingly, the near-Singapore minimum
in SD is evident to at least ∼3 hPa, i.e., considerably higher than the usual
∼10 hPa ceiling for in situ radiosonde observations. Our measurement of the
agreement among the reanalyses shows systematic improvement over the period considered
(1980–2016), up to near the stratopause. Characteristics of the SAO at 1 hPa, such as its
detailed time variation and the displacement off the Equator of the zonal wind SAO amplitude
maximum, differ significantly among the reanalyses. Disagreement among the reanalyses becomes
still greater above 1 hPa. One of the reanalyses in our study also has a version produced
without assimilating satellite observations, and a comparison of the SAO in these two versions
demonstrates the very great importance of satellite-derived temperatures in the realistic analysis
of the tropical upper stratospheric circulation.
The recent state and variability of the carbonate system of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and adjacent basins in the context of ocean acidification
Authors: Beaupré-Laperrière Alexis , Mucci Alfonso , Thomas Helmuth
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Ocean acidification driven by the uptake of anthropogenic CO2 by the
surface oceans constitutes a potential threat to the health of marine
ecosystems around the globe. The Arctic Ocean is particularly vulnerable to
acidification and thus is an ideal region to study the progression and
effects of acidification before they become globally widespread. The
appearance of undersaturated surface waters with respect to the carbonate
mineral aragonite (ΩA<1), an important threshold
beyond which the calcification and growth of some marine organisms might be
hindered, has recently been documented in the Canada Basin and adjacent
Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA), a dynamic region with an inherently strong
variability in biogeochemical processes. Nonetheless, few of these
observations were made in the last 5 years and the spatial coverage in
the latter region is poor. We use a dataset of carbonate system parameters
measured in the CAA and its adjacent basins
(Canada Basin and Baffin Bay) from 2003 to 2016 to describe the recent state
of these parameters across the Canadian Arctic and investigate the amplitude
and sources of the system's variability over more than a decade. Our
findings reveal that, in the summers of 2014 to 2016, the ocean surface
across our study area served as a net CO2 sink and was partly
undersaturated with respect to aragonite in the Canada Basin and the Queen
Maud Gulf, the latter region exhibiting undersaturation over its entire
water column at some locations. We estimate, using measurements made
across several years, that approximately a third of the interannual
variability in surface dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentrations in the CAA results from fluctuations in
biological activity. In consideration of the system's variability resulting
from these fluctuations, we derive times of emergence of the anthropogenic
ocean acidification signal for carbonate system parameters in the study
area.
High-frequency climate variability in the Holocene from a coastal-dome ice core in east-central Greenland
Authors: Hughes Abigail G. , Jones Tyler R. , Vinther Bo M. , Gkinis Vasileios , Stevens C. Max , Morris Valerie , Vaughn Bruce H. , Holme Christian , Markle Bradley R. , White James W. C.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. An ice core drilled on the Renland ice cap in east-central Greenland contains a continuous climate record dating through the last glacial period. The Renland record is valuable because the coastal environment is more likely to reflect regional sea surface conditions compared to inland Greenland ice cores that capture synoptic variability. Here we present the δ18O water isotope record for the Holocene, in which decadal-scale climate information is retained for the last 8 kyr, while the annual water isotope signal is preserved throughout the last 2.6 kyr. To investigate regional climate information preserved in the water isotope record, we apply spectral analysis techniques to a 300-year moving window to determine the mean strength of varying frequency bands through time. We find that the strength of 15–20-year δ18O variability exhibits a millennial-scale signal in line with the well-known Bond events. Comparison to other North Atlantic proxy records suggests that the 15–20-year variability may reflect fluctuating sea surface conditions throughout the Holocene, driven by changes in the strength of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. Additional analysis of the seasonal signal over the last 2.6 kyr reveals that the winter δ18O signal has experienced a decreasing trend, while the summer signal has predominantly remained stable. The winter trend may correspond to an increase in Arctic sea ice cover, which is driven by a decrease in total annual insolation, and is also likely influenced by regional climate variables such as atmospheric and oceanic circulation. In the context of anthropogenic climate change, the winter trend may have important implications for feedback processes as sea ice retreats in the Arctic.
A generic physical vulnerability model for floods: review and concept for data-scarce regions
Authors: Malgwi Mark Bawa , Fuchs Sven , Keiler Margreth
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The use of different methods for physical flood vulnerability assessment has
evolved over time, from traditional single-parameter stage–damage curves to
multi-parameter approaches such as multivariate or indicator-based models.
However, despite the extensive implementation of these models in flood risk
assessment globally, a considerable gap remains in their applicability to
data-scarce regions. Considering that these regions are mostly areas with a
limited capacity to cope with disasters, there is an essential need for
assessing the physical vulnerability of the built environment and
contributing to an improvement of flood risk reduction. To close this gap, we
propose linking approaches with reduced data requirements, such as
vulnerability indicators (integrating major damage drivers) and damage
grades (integrating frequently observed damage patterns). First, we present
a review of current studies of physical vulnerability indicators and flood
damage models comprised of stage–damage curves and the multivariate methods that have been applied to predict damage grades. Second, we propose a new
conceptual framework for assessing the physical vulnerability of buildings
exposed to flood hazards that has been specifically tailored for use in data-scarce
regions. This framework is operationalized in three steps: (i) developing a
vulnerability index, (ii) identifying regional damage grades, and (iii) linking resulting index classes with damage patterns, utilizing a synthetic
“what-if” analysis. The new framework is a first step for enhancing flood
damage prediction to support risk reduction in data-scarce regions. It
addresses selected gaps in the literature by extending the application of the
vulnerability index for damage grade prediction through the use of a
synthetic multi-parameter approach. The framework can be adapted to
different data-scarce regions and allows for integrating possible modifications
to damage drivers and damage grades.
Imaging Seismic Wave-Fields with AlpArray and Neighboring European Networks
Authors: Tesch Marcel , Stampa Johannes , Meier Thomas , Kissling Edi , Hetényi György , Friederich Wolfgang , Weber Michael , Heit Ben ,   the AlpArray Working Group
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The modern-day coverage and availability of broad-band stations in the greater Alpine area offered by AlpArray, Swath-D and the European seismological networks allows for imaging seismic wave-fields at yet unprecedented resolution. In the AlpArray area and in Italy, the distance of any point to the nearest station is less than 30 km, resulting in an average inter-station distance of about 45 km. With a much denser deployment in a smaller region of the Alps (320 km in length and 140 km wide), the Swath-D network possesses an average inter-station distance of about 15 km. We provide single event seismogram sections, time slices of teleseismic and regional wave-fields, and wave-field animations to reveal both the resolution capabilities of this dense station distribution as well as the enormous spatio-temporal complexity of seismic wave propagation. The time slices and wave-field animations demonstrate the need for dense regional arrays of broad-band stations, such as provided by AlpArray and neighboring networks, to resolve properties of teleseismic wave-fields. Here we present the images of coherent arrivals of direct body and surface waves, multiple body wave reflections, and multi-orbit phases for teleseismic and regional events with moment magnitudes larger than 6 over a time window of at least 2:45 hours. Spatial observations of the wave-fields illustrate e.g. the decrease in horizontal wavelength from P to S to surface waves and the way in which they considerably deviate from plane waves, due to heterogeneous earth structures along the path from the source to the array and beneath the regional array itself. Tomographic imaging techniques for the deep structure beneath the regional array have to take this spatio-temporal variability into account and correct for it. The lateral resolution of the regional broad-band array is however dependent on station density, in this case limited to about 100 km. Only even denser station distributions like those provided by Swath-D suffice to recover wave-fields of short period body and surface waves.
Glacier Image Velocimetry: an open-source toolbox for easy and
rapid calculation of high-resolution glacier-velocity fields
Authors: Van Wyk de Vries Maximillian , Wickert Andrew D.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. We present Glacier Image Velocimetry (GIV), an open-source and easy-to-use tool for rapidly calculating high spatial and temporal resolution glacier-velocity fields. Glaciers' velocity fields reveal their flow dynamics, stability, and thickness. Obtaining widespread glacier-velocity measurements in the field is challenging and labour intensive. Recent increases in the availability of high-resolution, short-repeat-time optical imagery improve this, as persistent irregularities on the ice surface allow us to use feature tracking – an accidental form of particle image velocimetry to obtain displacement fields, and hence, velocity over time. While these techniques have been used to calculate velocity fields for many glaciers, existing toolboxes can be expensive, complex or inflexible to use. GIV is fully parallelized, and automatically detects, filters, and extracts velocities from large datasets of images. Through this coupled toolchain and an easy-to-use GUI, GIV can rapidly analyse hundreds to thousands of image pairs on any modern laptop or desktop. We present four examples of how this model may be used: to complement a glaciology field campaign (Glaciar Perito Moreno, Argentina), calculate the velocity fields of small (Glacier d’Argentière, France) and very large (Vavilov ice cap, Russia) glaciers, and determine the ice volume present within a tropical ice cap (Volcán Chimborazo, Ecuador). Fully commented code and a standalone app for GIV are available from GitHub and Zenodo.
Authors: Gregoire C. Jorge , Zurita Salvador
Published: July 2020

This paper critically reviews the different models of equilibrium in asset markets. The survey includes the Sharpe-Lintner-Black model, and Roll´s critique, Merton´s intertemporal multibeta version in continuos time, the aggregate consumption model developed by Breeden, Ross´arbitrage pricing theory, and Grinblatt and Titman´s equilibrium arbitrage pricing theory in finite economies. Although the emphasis is on the theoretical work, the main empirical results are also outlined.
The ADR Market and the Effects of ADR Issue on the Underlying Security; a Survey
Authors: Parisi Franco
Published: July 2020

The present paper exposes the definition and main characteristics of American depository receipts (ADR) and their market. The research discusses the theoretical and practical explanations of the ADR demand by us investors. It also considers, in theoretical terms, the reasons why an international issue would imply changes in the return and variance of the underlying security of ADRS, and comments on the evidence related t to such an issue. The main conclusion of this paper is addresed to the impact on the underlying security following the international listing by middle-sized firms from semi-integrated capital markets.
Evaluation of Eight Project Selection Methods: the Case of Information Systems
Authors: Huizingh Eelko K.R.E , Vrolijk Hans C.J.
Published: July 2020

Determining the priorities of projects is an essential step in the planning process. Usually, the limited availability of resources prohibits the simultaneous execution of all proposed projects, A number of project selection methods have been developed to ensure a deliberate process of determining priorities. In this paper we describe and discuss eight of these methods: cost benefit analysis, risk analysis, ranking, scoring, zero one programming, knowledge-based systems, steering committees, and the analytic hierarchy process. We evaluate these methods based on a set of eight criteria. We conclude that none of the methods meets all requirements. An important shortcoming of most methods is the inability to support group decision-making despite the increasing importance of this criterion. As a consequence, the appropriateness of the methods depends on the characteristics of the decision situation. Our analysis provides guidelines for choosing a method in a specific situation.
Authors: Maquieira V. Carlos , Willatt H. Christian
Published: July 2020

Este artículo presenta una nueva metodología llamada MVNE para valorar empresas nuevas y con base en los principios de Valor Presente Ajustado. La valoración de empresas establecidas es un tópico estudiado y bien documentado. Por el contrario, la valoración de empresas nuevas es menos conocida y presenta desafíos tanto en el modelamiento como en el cálculo de su valor, pues regularmente tienen pérdidas operacionales durante los primeros años de operación debido a su rápido crecimiento. La metodología que proponemos resuelve tres errores típicos cometidos en la práctica. Además, presentamos una solución general para estimar el valor presente del ahorro tributario de los gastos financieros, ya sea que la firma tenga ganancias o pérdidas. Finalmente, la metodología permite calcular el valor del patrimonio para negociar participación accionaria cuando se incorpora financiamiento de capital de riesgo.
Authors: Vergara Marcos
Published: July 2020

Esta investigación elabora una nota técnica para estimar fronteras estocásticas. Para ello se utiliza la especificación de Battese and Coelli (1992) y Cornwell and Schmidt (1990). Se investiga la forma funcional que se debe utilizar para aproximar la eficiencia técnica, costo y beneficio del sistema bancario chileno. Para ello se especifican tres formas funcionales: Fourier flexible, Translog y

Cobb Douglas. Los tests LR y Fisher muestran que la frontera de la banca chilena debe ser aproximada por una Fourier flexible. Además, la evidencia muestra aumento en el nivel de eficiencia

costo y beneficio de utilizar esta forma funcional, lo cual indica que Translog y Cobb-Douglas podrían subestimar la eficiencia de la banca. También los tests rechazan la hipótesis de persistencia de la eficiencia, es decir, ésta no permanece constante en el tiempo. Finalmente, el test de Hausman no revela diferencias significativas entre el modelo frontera estocástica y efecto fijo. Esto significa que los supuestos distribucional y de no correlación entre las variables exógenas y la eficiencia impuestos por frontera estocástica no se rechazan.
Authors: Espinosa Christian
Published: July 2020

El presente trabajo corrobora la dependencia de largo plazo en los retornos de índices bursátiles de Chile, Argentina, Brasil y México. Utilizando el estadístico rango reescalado (R/S) propuesto por Hurst (1951), y posteriormente afinados por Mandelbrot y Wallis (1969) y Mandelbrot (1972, 1975), y el estadístico rango reescalado modificado (Lo, 1991), en general, se confirma la existencia de memoria de largo plazo. Sin embargo, cuando la muestra es separada en dos períodos (pre y poscrisis asiática) se encuentra evidencia de un efecto reset, el cual consiste en que las series en estudio mantienen las propiedades estadísticas pero pierden memoria.
Brand Personality in Chile
Authors: Olavarrieta Sergio , Friedmann Roberto , Manzur Enrique
Published: July 2020

The purpose of our study is to extend previous work on brand personality (Aaker 1997). While following Aaker’s recommended methodology, we did so in the context of an emerging market

economy such as Chile, and using a combined emic-etic research approach. Then, we investigated the cross-cultural applicability of the construct and we also look into the applicability of the

measurement instrument developed by Aaker (1997). After several validation studies, six brand personality dimensions were found instead of the original North American based study, with tradition being the new Chilean dimension. This is consistent with previous work finding nation-specific dimensions in Japan, Spain, and France (i.e. Aaker, Benet-Martinez, Garolera, 2001; Koebel and Landwein, 1999). Insights for the understanding and management of brand images in international contexts, complementing parallel work done in other developed nations are derived.
Authors: Kausel Edgar , Manzi Jorge
Published: July 2020

Se analizan las propiedades métricas del Inventario de Evaluación de Supervisores (INESUP), basado en la teoría de liderazgo tridimensional propuesta por Yukl (2003), con sus tres principales

categorías de comportamientos efectivos de liderazgo orientados a la tarea, a las relaciones, y transformacionales. El inventario utiliza dos fuentes de datos, aplicándose a los subordinados y a los propios supervisores. Comparando los datos, es posible generar una evaluación de la gestión de los supervisores y retroalimentarlos para estimular los comportamientos y actitudes deseables. Se aplicó el cuestionario a 10 supervisores y 89 subordinados de una organización financiera. Los análisis reportados validaron la estructura de 9 factores del instrumento y el tipo de escala utilizada, así como su confiabilidad.
Authors: Barra Cristóbal , Torres M Eduardo , Vásquez-Parraga Arturo Z.
Published: July 2020

Debido a la creciente competitividad en la actividad médica, la mantención de los pacientes y la lealtad de estos hacia el tratante se han convertido en un punto crucial en la administración de servicios médicos. El objetivo del estudio es establecer, en el ámbito de la salud privada, cómo la satisfacción, la confianza y el compromiso influyen en el grado de lealtad de los pacientes hacia su médico tratante. Se construyen escalas válidas y fiables, y se contrasta un modelo propuesto a través de ecuaciones estructurales. Los resultados muestran que el modelo que mejor representa este fenómeno, se genera a través de una relación en cadena, que comienza con la satisfacción, y es mediada por la confianza y el compromiso. Modelos rivales confirman los resultados, concluyendo una estructura óptima de formación de lealtad en base a las variables de estudio.
An application of Rolling chaos 0-1 test on Stock Market
Authors: Espinoza Christian , Gorigoitía Juan
Published: July 2020

In this paper we apply a rolling 0-1 test for chaos on different stock market indices returns in the world, considering different time period windows to capture the effects of adding new information. A rolling sample is defined for each index and at the same time, wavelet denoising has been employed since approximately 1995 to the end of 2012. Empirical evidence of continuous chaotic behavior for all indices is found.
Orígenes de la disciplina de la Gestión de Recursos Humanos en una Facultad de Economía y Negocios
Authors: Acuña A. Eduardo , Muga M. José Antonio , Trincado M. Francisco , Pedreros M. Pedro
Published: July 2020

Este trabajo busca describir y analizar la evolución de la disciplina de la Gestión de Recursos Humanos en su proceso de génesis, desarrollo, cambios e institucionalización en la actual Facultad de Economía y Negocios de la Universidad de Chile desde una perspectiva de una narrativa histórica-heurística en el período comprendido entre 1958 y 1973.
Consistency of the Ether Theory with the Time Concept, the Mass Concept and the Special Relativity
Authors: Zareski David
Published: July 2020

We demonstrate that it is by considering the existence of an “ether” that one can define the notions of time, velocity and mass, and prove that Einstein’s second principle implies the existence of this ether since the light propagates independently of its emitter velocity. Then, that the particle velocity is a group velocity different from the phase velocity when the particle is massive. One interprets then the Morley-Michelson experiment in the frame of the ether.

Let be L0  a fixed distance between two points immobile in a long vehicle in the ether, and let a photon that, when this vehicle is immobile relatively to the ether, travels the distance L0  in this vehicle. An observer immobile in the immobile vehicle sees that the distance traveled by the photon is also L0 . But, if the vehicle moves, e.g., at the velocity V  relatively to the ether, and the photon at the velocity c  also relatively to the ether, then an observer immobile in the moving vehicle will find that the distance traveled by this photon is not L0  but is L(V)  defined by

L(V)=L(0)1-V/c2 ). We prove then that L(V)  is not the new dimension of the vehicle, but is simply the distance travelled by the photon in this vehicle. That is, as demonstrated in our previous publications: the ether volumetric density is constant.
Youth Volunteerism, as Non-formal Education, for Professional and Social Integration of Young Labor Force in Pakistan
Authors: Taimur Sadaf , Mursaleen Huma
Published: July 2020

Young people are an asset to Pakistan, and they can play a vital role in the country's social and economic development. Non-formal education to promote volunteering activity in Pakistan can endorse the professional and social integration of the young labor force by preparing them with the labor's contemporary skills. The current study is an attempt to explore the situation in Pakistan and identify: (a) if non-formal education plays a role in youth's engagement in volunteering activity; (b) why young people volunteer; (c) what they can learn through volunteering; (d) the significant barriers which can prevent them from volunteering even after getting the training and opportunities to volunteer. Data was collected using purposive sampling from 4 different nonprofit organizations (NPOs), with city offices in three major cities of Pakistan. NPOs, on their end, collected the data form the youth volunteers working with them randomly using an online survey. The research findings revealed that non-formal education plays a significant role in ensuring young people's engagement in volunteering activity. The findings and recommendations from the study can guide youth initiatives and policies in Pakistan to include systematic and consistent non-formal education programs to promote youth volunteerism in Pakistan.
Esg or Not Esg? A Benchmarking Analysis
Authors: Vannoni Valeria , Ciotti Emanuele
Published: July 2020

Sustainable investments are increasingly leaving their niche position to enter financial markets in a remarkable way in recent years. In this scenario, ESG (Enviromental, Social, Governance) practices are emerging alongside the risk-return approaches that for years have exclusively determined the portfolio choices of investors.

This paper aims to give a contribution to the flourishing debate on the application of ESG criteria to investments’ selection, using a case study through a benchmarking approach. The empirical investigation focuses on a two-level analysis of GIS Global Bond ESG Fund (EUR Hedged), managed by PIMCO management company. Results highlight that ESG practises should be referred more as a complementary rather than alternative approach for portfolio management.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Business and Management, Vol. 15 No. 8
Authors: Lee Stephen
Published: July 2020

Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Business and Management, Vol. 15 No. 8, 2020
Fostering Saudi EFL Learners’ Communicative, Collaborative and Critical Thinking Skills Through the Technique of In-Class Debate
Authors: Gulnaz Fahmeeda
Published: July 2020

Diverse learning styles of the learners require instructors to utilize wide variety of instructional strategies to engage their interest and motivation. In-class debate is a systematic instructional strategy utilized to bring the dynamics of social life into the classroom to cultivate learners’ active-involvement in the content of the subject. It hones learners’ range of skills, such as; oral-communication, social-interaction, critical thinking skills and internalization of the course content. For the purposes of present study, the researcher utilized qualitative cum quantitative research tools to collect the data from the participants. An opinionnaire with 14 items was developed with closed ended questions. The instrument was designed to measure four variables, which are tabulated into four sections (See tables 3-6): (a) in-class debate inculcates learners’ collaborative, communicative and cooperative paradigms;(b) it triggers learners’ complete mastery of the course content, i.e., retention, assimilation and understanding, coupled with boosts stack of skills involved in the process; (c) it fosters EFL learners’ ability to critically evaluate and analyze everything; and (d) finally it focuses on learners’ creative and critical thinking skills and make them active and independent pursuers of knowledge. The survey was administered to 87 female EFL learners of Taif University to identify the impacts of debate on their range of academic skills. The findings of the study indicate that in-class debate effectively generates learners’ several skills since it targets their thinking skill, contemplation, reflection and ultimately stimulates their productive, receptive, analytical and critical thinking skills. Yet, more faculties can be activated and maximum results can be obtained, if this interactive strategy is implemented in a structured format with a properly designed rubric focusing on learners’ specific skills.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Mathematics Research, Vol. 12, No. 4
Authors: Wang Sophia
Published: July 2020

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Mathematics Research, Vol. 12, No. 4, 2020.
Competitive Advantage of Auto-Parts Suppliers: What Can Be Worth Beyond the Price?
Authors: Rezende Alexandre Silva , Marcondes Reynaldo Cavalheiro
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: Fazer um contraponto ao entendimento de que as empresas fornecedoras de suprimentos buscam a vantagem competitiva sustentável pela liderança em custos, na sua relação B2B, em situação de mercado oligopsonista mantida pelos clientes. Método: O estudo foi exploratório, descritivo, qualitativo, fundamentado na Resource Based View com a realização de uma pesquisa junto a três montadoras de veículos e quatro fornecedores de autopeças (sistemistas), dentre as empresas de maior participação no mercado automobilístico no país, localizadas no Estado de São Paulo. Originalidade/Relevância: Caracterização dos recursos e das capacidades consideradas como estratégicas para a criação de valor superior aos produtos dos fornecedores, na relação B2B, que são decisivos para a manutenção da sua vantagem competitiva em relação à dos concorrentes. Resultados: Foi evidenciado que as empresas que oferecem valor superior nos seus produtos, em relação aos concorrentes, focam nas suas capacidades estratégicas como, as habilidades de identificar o valor do produto para os clientes, de compartilhar o conhecimento global para dar rápidas respostas aos clientes e de apresentar continuadamente inovações, diante do preço padrão. Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: Mostrar que abordagens dentro da Administração estratégica, como a Resourece Based View, são limitadas ao focar apenas os aspectos econômicos da vantagem competitiva. Contribuições para a gestão: Oferecer indicações aos tomadores de decisão que a consideração do preço é um dado limitante em mercados concorrências, como o exemplo da indústria automobilística, mas que as estratégias de conquista e manutenção da vantagem competitiva estão na descoberta do que cria valor superior em relação aos concorrentes.
THREAT ASSESSMENT IN THE NATIONAL CRISIS
MANAGEMENT PLANS IN POLAND AFTER 2010
Authors: KRASIŃSKI, MSc Wojciech
Published: July 2020

The article discusses threat assessment in consecutive National Crisis Management
Plans in Poland after 2010. The scope of the article is limited to the assessment of
those threats that may have an impact at the state level and which are included in
the National Crisis Management Plan. A general approach to threat assessment for
the purposes of national crisis management plans has been taken. A reference to the
accuracy of consecutive threat assessments in the context of the occurrence of real
crises is included later in the article. In the final part of the article, the perspectives
for threat assessment are discussed. Due attention is paid to threats which have an
increased likelihood of occurring and the severest consequences.
LEGAL CONDITIONS AND THE ALLOCATION OF SLOTS
AT POLISH AIRPORTS
Authors: Markiewicz, PhD Assoc. Prof. Telesfor Marek
Published: July 2020

The ever-growing imbalance between the demand for air transport and the availability
of suitable airport infrastructure to meet this demand has made it necessary to
establish rules governing the allocation of slots to air carriers at congested airports.
Slots are allocated to ensure the efficient use of airport infrastructure and to maximise
benefits for airlines and their passengers. The first part of the article examines the
global guidelines in this area that are published periodically by the International
Air Transport Association (IATA). A detailed analysis of the European Union (EU)
aviation legislation that regulates access to airports which have insufficient runway
and terminal infrastructure capacity then follows. The last part of this study is devoted
to discussing legal and practical aspects of slot allocation at Polish airports. The
results of the conducted analyses are presented in the summary and conclusions.
CO2-Philic Surfactants Structural Morphology Prerequests for CO2 Philicity for Foam Durability for EOR Applications
Authors: Sagir Muhammad , Bilal Tahir Muhammad , Pervaiz Muhammad , Hassan Qasim Muhammad , Ullah Sami , Ansar Reema
Published: July 2020

In oil fields CO2-EOR have extravagant interest because of its increasing microscopic sweep efficiency. As a balance and dense solution over a huge range of temperature and pressure, carbon dioxide can improve viscosity reduction and oil swelling because of all partial miscibility with heavy oils and proportion miscibility with light oils, and also carbon dioxide has mutual solubility with water and hydrocarbons that these properties result in increasing microscopic sweep efficiency in mechanism of CO2 injection. However, due to CO2 lower viscosity than water and oil, CO2-EOR efficiency is limited that causes near well-bore conformance issue and mobility contrast problem such as gravity override and fingering. The carbon dioxide philic surfactant blends traditionally includes foam booster, foam stabiliser and foaming surfactant. An integrated property-performance analysis of blends of anionic surfactants includes carbon dioxide philic groups such as twin-tailed carbonyl group, propylene-oxide and methyl group of CO2-philic groups under the circumstances of reservoir showed that carbon dioxide philic surfactants can be the mixture of CO2 problems. Here we will underline that modifying the surfactant tail can be a proper path to surpass foaming performance.
Recent Progress in Gallium Nitride for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Gao Fangliang , Liu Qing , Shi Jiang , Li Shuti
Published: July 2020

With the constant consumption of traditional energy sources, it is urgent to explore and develop new energy sources. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a method of preparing energy that can continuously generate hydrogen fuel without pollution to the environment. As an important part of the PEC water splitting system, the choice of semiconductor photoelectrode is crucial. Among these materials, gallium nitride (GaN) has attracted considerable attention due to its tunable band gap, favorable band edge positions, wide band gap, and good stability. In the past years, many reports have been obtained in GaN for PEC water splitting. This review summarizes the GaN as photoelectrodes for PEC water splitting, and methods to improve the efficiency of GaN for PEC water splitting also will be summarized from change morphology, doping, surface modification, and composition of solid solution or multiple-metal incorporation. Eventually, the future research directions and challenges of GaN for PEC water splitting are also discussed.
Study on IoT and Big Data Analysis of 12” 7 nm Advanced Furnace Process Exhaust Gas Leakage
Authors: Chang Kuo-Chi , Chu Kai-Chun , Wang Hsiao-Chuan , Lin Yuh-Chung , Hsu Tsui-Lien , Zhou Yu-Wen
Published: July 2020

Modern FAB uses a large number of high-energy processes, including plasma, CVD, and ion implantation. Furnaces are one of the important tools for semiconductor manufacturing. According to the requirements of conversion production management, FAB installed a set of IoT-based research based on 12″ 7 nm-level furnaces chip process. Two furnace processing tool measurement points were set up in a 12-inch 7 nm-level factory in Hsinchu Science Park, Taiwan, this is a 24-hour continuous monitoring system, the data obtained every second is sequentially send and stored in the cloud system. This study will be set in the cloud database for big data analysis and decision-making. The lower limit of TEOS, C2H4, CO is 0.4, 1.5, 1 ppm. Semiconductor process, so that IoT integration and big data operations can be performed in all processes, this is an important step to promote FAB intelligent production, and also an important contribution to this research.
The New Censorship: Anti-sexuality Groups and Library Freedom
Authors: Watson Brian M.
Published: July 2020

Reviewing every issue of “Censorship Dateline” in the Newsletter on Intellectual Freedom and Journal of Intellectual Freedom and Privacy alongside ALA Office for Intellectual Freedom’s annual reports on censorship and the EBSCO ban in Utah, this article considers reasons for the significant rise in the targeting of libraries by individual anti-sexuality activists. Then the author considers what can be applied from the history of anti-sexuality censorship campaigns and offers possible plans for librarians.
A Case Study of Consolidating Two Database A–Z Lists for Better Staff and User Experiences
Authors: Quinn Todd
Published: July 2020

This case study describes the consolidation and migration of the University of New Mexico’s University Libraries’ database A-Z lists. A subject librarian lead the nine-month project that included most subject librarians, the electronic resources team, the Director of Collections, and the web & discovery librarian. The project also provided the UL the opportunity to review all the resources in the lists, and update all descriptions, and create new workflows for adding and managing a single list.