bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The RAGE Game Software Components Repository for Supporting Applied Game Development
Authors: Stefanov Krassen , Georgiev Atanas , Grigorov Alexander , Bontchev Boyan , Boytchev Pavel , Westera Wim , Prada Rui , Hollins Paul , Moreno Pablo , Nyamsuren Enkhbold , Bahreini Kiavash
Published: September 2017

This paper presents the architecture of the RAGE repository, which is a unique and dedicated infrastructure that provides access to a wide variety of advanced technology components for applied game development. The RAGE project, which is the principal Horizon2020 research and innovation project on applied gaming, develops up to three dozens of software components (RAGE software assets) that are reusable across a wide diversity of game engines, game platforms and programming languages. The RAGE repository provides storage space for assets and their artefacts and is designed as an asset life-cycle management system for defining, publishing, updating, searching and packaging for distribution of these assets. It will be embedded in a social platform for asset developers and other users. A dedicated Asset Repository Manager provides the main functionality of the repository and its integration with other systems. Tools supporting the Asset Manager are presented and discussed. When the RAGE repository is in full operation, applied game developers will be able to easily enhance the quality of their games by including selected advanced game software assets. Making available the RAGE repository system and its variety of software assets aims to enhance the coherence and decisiveness of the applied game industry.
Connected Gaming: An Inclusive Perspective for Serious Gaming
Authors: Kafai Yasmin
Published: September 2017

Serious games should focus on connected gaming, which is combining the instructionist approach on having students play educational games for learning with the constructionist approach on having students make their own games for learning. Constructionist activities have always been part of the larger gaming ecology but have traditionally received far less attention than their instructionist counterparts. Future developments in serious gaming ought to promote this more inclusive perspective to better realize the full potential of gaming as a means for learning and for connecting children to technology and to each other. This potential for more meaningful connectivity can also address the persistent access and diversity issues long facing gaming cultures.
From an ethnography of the everyday to writing echoes of suffering
Authors: Rechtman Richard
Published: September 2017

Veena Das has introduced a major shift in our contemporary conception of ethnography. While she brings forward a new way of looking at everyday life, which is already a major achievement, she also offers a conceptual resolution to a classical unresolved opposition between the individual and the collective, and between idiosyncratic psychology (subjectivity) and collective modes of thinking, through a challenging debate on what makes one a member of a group and yet radically distinct from all others. The ethnography in her book Affliction stands on three major pillars: The first is the ethnographer’s subjective position in the field regarding the issues of lives, testimony, and research. The second is the neighborhood as the site of fieldwork, with all of its heterogeneity, rather than the group, such as an ethnic or racial group or one cohering around another criterion of belonging. The third and final pillar is the focus on the ordinary through ethnography of the everyday. I then illustrate Veena Das’s perspective on subjectivity with my own fieldwork with survivors of the Cambodian genocide.
Cultivated cure, regenerated affliction
Authors: Bharadwaj Aditya
Published: September 2017

In this think piece, I interrogate the notion of cure in order to address the idea of disease. My intention is to show how emerging biotechnological modalities that cultivate an idea of ‘cure as regeneration’ dislocate expert knowledge, descriptions of disease, and its representation into contested new terrains. In approaching disease from the vantage point of the ‘cultivated cure’ I seek to trouble our commonsense view of afflictions. Drawing on ethnographic data from a longitudinal project engaged in mapping stem cell technologies in India, I conceptualize how ‘cure as regeneration’ reanimates the figures of disease and medical knowledge. I take up Veena Das’s challenging query: is it necessary to define terms – illness, disease, diagnosis, health – that defy neat characterization?
Introduction to the 10th issue
Authors: Moyer Eileen , Nguyen Vinh-Kim
Published: September 2017

n/a
High-efficiency S. cerevisiae lithium acetate transformation v1
Authors: De Boer Carl
Published: September 2017

A protocol for lithium acetate transformation of yeast that can be used to generate highly complex plasmid libraries (O(1E8) if starting with ~1L of culture) and can get over 1 million transformants from a single transformation (as described here). Optimized using yeast strain Y8203. Based on a protocol originally by Supipi Kaluarachchi Duffy.
Study of Strategic Narratives: The Case of BRICS
Authors: Van Noort Carolijn
Published: September 2017

In the battle of narratives to give meaning to the international system in the twenty-firstcentury, emerging powers are actively engaged. In particular, the BRICS group, comprising Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa, have advanced their claim to reconstitute international affairs to make it more just and fair. What if their narratives about the international system effectively contest narratives constituting the Liberal World Order? For understanding the battle more profoundly, this study examines the strategic narratives of the BRICS. A documentary methodology was employed to elicit themes and narratives in BRICS joint communiqués of 2009 to 2016 for the identification of its strategic narratives. I have identified a system narrative of global recovery, an identity narrative of inclusive participation and an issue narrative of infrastructural development. A narrative grammar was used to relate BRICS strategic narratives with their narrative environment of symbolic, institutional and material practices. Due to a partial compliance with the narrative grammatical rules, the BRICS group may not effectively influence and gain public support.
Normal Peace: A New Strategic Narrative of Intervention
Authors: Lemay-Hebert Nicolas , Visoka Gëzim
Published: September 2017

International actors have used multiple discursive frameworks for justifying interventions, from human security to the responsibility to protect, and, most recently, resilience-building. We argue that the language of normalization, hidden behind these narratives of interventions, has also contributed to structure the intervention landscape, albeit in less obvious and overt ways than other competing narratives of intervention. This article disentangles the different practices of normalization in order to highlight their ramifications. It introduces the concept of normal peace—a new conceptual reference to understand interventions undertaken by the international community to impose, restore or accept normalcy in turbulent societies. The article argues that the optimization of interventions entails selective responses to govern risk and adapt to the transitional international order. The art of what is politically possible underlines the choice of optimal intervention, be that to impose an external order of normalcy, restore the previous order of normalcy, or accept the existing order of normalcy.
Do prazer e da dor em estudar a Antiguidade Oriental: uma reﬂexão sobre o uso de fontes
Authors: Pozzer Katia Maria Paim
Published: September 2017

Longe de pretender aportar uma resposta acabada sobre o tema do uso de fontes e métodos em pesquisa em História Antiga, empreenderemos um exame de nossas práticas de pesquisa mais recentes, em uma sorte de retrospectiva crítica, tendo como principal objetivo estimular novos estudantes e pesquisadores, demonstrando as inúmeras possibilidades de investigação que atualmente nos estão dadas, seja pelo avanço tecnológico, seja pela difusão do conhecimento.
Antiguidade Tardia: o Império Romano e as representações monetárias
Authors: Carlan Cláudio Umpierre
Published: September 2017

O artigo começa com uma descrição da iconografia como documento histórico. A imagem na Antiguidade tinha uma função específica: apresentar a um determinado grupo social, em sua grande maioria iletrado, algo que representasse a orla do poder. Ela não apenas legitimava um imperador ou rei, mas funcionava, também, como uma espécie de propaganda política.
Statistische Analyse von Konzentrationsmessungen in Abwasseranlagen
Authors: Felsenstein Klaus
Published: September 2017

Für die Überwachung von Abwasserkläranlagen ist die Messung und Kontrolle der Konzentration verschiedener chemischen Substanzen erforderlich. Wir untersuchen die statistischen Eigenschaften der Meßwerte und die dadurch gegebenen Auswirkungen auf international verwendete Überwachungskriterien. Die Ergebnisse der Verteilungsanalyse erm öglichen es, Vorschläge für eine effizientere Analyse der Meßdaten vorzubringen.Wir geben optimale Methoden für die Berechnung mittlerer Konzentrationswertean, woraus auch die optimaleAnzahl vonMessungen für das Erreichen vorgegebener Genauigkeitsanforderungen bestimmt werden kann.
Accuracy Assessment of Satellite Image Classification Depending on Training Sample
Authors: Ruppert Georg , Hussain Mushtaq , Müller Heimo
Published: September 2017

The paper presents a method of predicting classification accuracy of remote sensing data by means of training set analysis. Various sampling plans were applied to satellite image and its complete ground truth to derive different training sets. The quality of these training sets was determined by quantifying the similarity of the training set distributions to the ones of the entire satellite image. Each training set was then used to learn a classifier.The paper shows how the accuracy of classifications that were carried out using these classifiers depends upon the quality of the corresponding training sets.
Taguchi’s Parameter Design in Industrial Practice - Statistical Aspects
Authors: Rodiga-Laßnig Petra , Fuchs Klemens
Published: September 2017

Experimental design had little importance in industry until Taguchi’s ideas changed the approach to quality completely. Nowadays, it is well known that quality has to be designed “into” products and cannot be reached by inspecting and sorting before delivering. The aim of Taguchi’s Parameter Design is to create robust products insensitive tomanufacturing processes and more over insensitive to noise (or uncontrollable) factors in the customer’senvironment by finding the most important controllable factors. In this real case study Taguchi’s ideas were applied to a rather complex personal care product to improve its performance.
The Impact of Statistics in Industry and the Role of Statisticians
Authors: Does Ronald J.M.M. , Trip Albert
Published: September 2017

The use of statistics in quality management has a long history. Pioneers in this field, such as Walter A. Shewhart and W. Edwards Deming, refer to themselves as industrial statisticians. Statistical thinking in industry means that all work is regarded as a series of interconnected processes, that all processes show variation, and that a reduction in variation is the key for continuous improvement. In literature we find several quantitative quality programs to achieve this. We may mention Statistical Process Control (SPC)and the Six Sigma quality program, among others. We have implemented Statistical Process Control and Six Sigma in several industries. In this paper we briefly describe the philosophies of both programs and the steps needed for a successful implementation. Based on practical experience with both programs we describe the role that a statistician can play in industry. We shall also give an overview of research initiated by the projects we have carried out.
Book Reviews
Authors: Frühwirth-Schnatter Sylvia , Müller Werner G. , Duller Christine , Bomze Immanuel M. , Schimek Michael G. , Grossmann Wilfried , Stadlober Ernst , Janko Wolfgang , Böhm Walter , Kusolitsch Norbert , Trummer Dietmar , Viertl Reinhard
Published: September 2017

Monte Carlo Methods in Bayesian Computation. (M.-H. Chen, J.G. Ibrahim)Stat Labs, Mathematical Statistics Through Applications. (D. Nolan, T. Speed)Deskriptive Statistik. Eine Einführung mit SPSS für Windows mit Übungsaufgabenund Lösungen. (H. Toutenburg)Probability via Expectation. (P. Whittle)Recursive Partitioning in the Health Sciences. (H. Zhang und B. Singer)Einführung in die Mehrebenenanalyse. (U. Engel)Intelligent Data Analysis. (M. Berthold, D.J./ Hand)Probabilistic Networks and Expert Systems. (R.G. Cowell, P.A. Dawid, S.L. Lauritzen)Scan Statistics and Applications. (J. Glatz)Modern Applied Statistical Learning Theory. (W.N. Venables, B.D. Ripley)Dynamic Nonlinear Econometric Models. (B.M. P¨otscher, I.R. Prucha)Optimal Tests bei Intervallwahrscheinlichkeit. (T. Augustin)
Volksbegehren ” Veto gegen Temelin“: Statistische Analyse
Authors: Neuwirth Erich
Published: September 2017

Vom 14. bis zum 21. Jänner 2002 lief die Unterzeichnungsfrist für das Volksbegehren ”Veto gegen Temelin“. Wir analysieren die Ergebnisse zunächst explorativ und berechnen dann statistische Schätzungen (samt Schwankungsbreiten) für die Unterzeichneranteile der einzelnen im Parlament vertretenen Parteien aufgrund der Ergebnisse der Nationalratswahl1999.Vereinfacht ausgedr¨uckt lautet das Ergebnis: 42% der FPÖ-Wähler, 16% der SPÖ-Wähler und 13% der ÖVP-Wähler haben das Temelin-Veto-Volksbegehren unterzeichnet.Etwas mehr als die Hälfte der Unterzeichner waren FPÖ-Wähler, knapp ein Viertel waren SPÖ-Wähler, und knapp ein Sechstel waren ÖVP-Wähler.
Understanding conceptual text sand master in gconcepts
Authors: Zuckerman G.A. , Kleshch N.A.
Published: September 2017

We address the issue of the relationship between conceptual thinking and understanding of conceptual texts only from the following angle: whether or not can working towards a profound understanding of texts that describe concepts promote the use of these concepts in unusual tasks. Employing the methods of classical statistics and factor analysis, we compare the metasubject outcomes of primary education in two samples of children that differ only in one teaching factor: the experimental classes were consistently working on creating and using conceptual texts. The principle of this teaching work was to establish a situation of bilingualism when introducing new concepts: to write down new characteristics of the studied subject in the language of graphical schemes and at the same time in verbal form and to translate sentences about this subject from one language into another. As it was revealed, this specially organized work with conceptual texts results in the following: (1) an increase in the level of mastery of learnt concepts if these concepts are presented in verbal form; (2) a better understanding of information texts with unfamiliar conceptual content, that is, one of the key elements in self-learning emerges.
A model for developing scientific research competencies in graduate
Authors: Emelyanova I.N.
Published: September 2017

The paper describes a model for developing scientific research competency within the system of teacher education that was tested in the course of implementation of a training programme in Methodology and Technique of SocialUpbringing in Tyumen State University. This model is based on the specifics of research activity in the context of the professional standard for teachers. It is argued that effective development of research competency in students depends on the following: establishing a research module within the training programme according to the academic major and specifics of educational research; employing the research potential of all academic disciplines and practices in order to let the students experience a full research cycle; providing a real professional
Оптимизация стратегии вуза в области реализации новых программ рекрутинга студентов
Authors: Авралев Никита Владимирович , Ефимова Ирина Николаевна , Маковейчик Артем Васильевич
Published: September 2017

Данная статья посвящена исследованию эффективности комплекса профориентационных мероприятий нового формата и практики внедрения инновационных подходов в работе с абитуриентами в условиях возрастания конкуренции в сфере высшего образования в России. В числе ключевых мероприятий в комплексе — создание механизмов для развития исследовательской деятельности школьников и формирование системы непрерывного образования «школа — вуз». В статье проанализированы лучшие практики, реализуемые Национально-исследовательским Нижегородским государственным университетом им. Н. И. Лобачевского (ННГУ им. Н. И. Лобачевского) в данной области.

В качестве эмпирической базы в статье использованы локальные документы ННГУ им. Н. И. Лобачевского, посвященные реализации программы «Университетский кластер образования» и другим профориентационным мероприятиям, реализуемым в ННГУ. Также приводятся результаты социологических исследований, проведенных в университете в период летних приемных кампаний 2011–2016 гг. В целях сбора первичной информации был выбран метод анкетирования, который является достаточно эффективным, наглядным и самым распространенным способом мониторинга потребителей образовательных услуг.

К определяющим причинам, оказывающим влияние на выбор абитуриентами того или иного вуза для обучения, относятся  наличие бюджетных мест на интересующих их направлениях, местонахождение университета, его материально-техническая база, научные успехи и престиж.

Сформулированы выводы и предложения по оптимизации профориентационной программы университета, реализации новых мероприятий и форматов деятельности по привлечению в университет талантливых абитуриентов. Так, главными направлениями развития здесь становятся расширение и углубление партнерских связей с ведущими школами региона, реализация совместных специальных научно-популярных мероприятий в формате опен-эйров, проведение научно-исследовательских клубов и викторин с участием высокоцитируемых ученых. 
Акцентирование и нивелирование оппозиции «свой — чужой» на уровне анекдотов
Authors: Шунейко Александр Альфредович , Чибисова Ольга Владимировна
Published: September 2017

В статье представлен анализ характера трансляции и семантического наполнения оппозиции «свой — чужой» в современном русском языке. В качестве материала для анализа выступают тексты анекдотов, содержащих оппозицию «свой — чужой», собранных на портале «Анекдоты из России» (https://www.anekdot.ru/).

Множественность выражения оппозиции состоит в том, что она существует на различных уровнях и в процессе своего бытования постоянно акцентируется и нивелируется. Первое формирует и поддерживает оппозицию, а второе разрушает ее. Нейтрализация связана с изменением семантики компонентов оппозиции до своей противоположности и переводом оппозиции в разряд иных оппозиций. Именно соотношение процессов акцентирования и нивелирования определяют значимость оппозиции для каждого конкретного языкового коллектива.

Проблема семантического наполнения оппозиции в русском языке проявляется в том, что процессы нейтрализации оппозиции не менее сильны, чем процессы ее акцентирования. Это подтверждается множеством речевых фактов. Качество уравновешивающих друг друга противоположных тенденций показывает, что оппозиция на языковом уровне в русском языке сейчас снята.

Проблема прогнозирования значимости оппозиции обусловлена тем, что в любой момент оппозиция может актуализироваться для той или иной группы. Распространение противоположных процессов поддается контролю, который предполагает постоянный учет использования маркированной лексики в больших массивах текстов и вброс в них единиц с противоположным оценочным значением.

Материалы современного русского языка показывают, что процессы нейтрализации оппозиции не менее сильны, чем процессы ее акцентирования. Наличие двух уравновешивающих друг друга противоположных тенденций позволяет говорить о том, что оппозиция снята. В любой промежуток времени оппозиция может актуализироваться. Современное состояние коммуникативного пространства позволяет контролировать распространение противоположных процессов. Восприятие оппозиции как организуемой двумя противоположными тенденциями позволяет избежать одностороннего взгляда на сложные и определяющие характер существования национальных коллективов факторы.
Речь Клавдия к собравшимся придворным
Authors: Чекалов Иван Иванович
Published: September 2017

В статье сделана попытка рассмотреть поэтическую ткань слов Клавдия, обращенных к придворным («Гамлет», I, 2, 1–39). Убедительность идеологических приемов, использованных Королем, подчеркивается вербальной и драматической иронией драматурга. По мнению автора, эта ирония дает ключ к разгадке того, кто будет антагонистом. Все это очень важно, поскольку протагонист остается безмолвен: во время всей речи Клавдия Гамлет еще не произнес ни слова.
Цивилизационный фактор русской революции
Authors: Горелов Анатолий Алексеевичй
Published: September 2017

Сто лет назад в России накопились глубинные противоречия, которые не были мирно разрешены тогдашней элитой общества. Противоречия обострились как внутри капиталистического общества, так и между бурно развивающимся капитализмом и воспитанной в общине огромной крестьянской массой, которая не осталась безучастной и была вовлечена в революционное пламя. В работе рассматривается цивилизационный фактор русской революции 1905–1907 гг. и 1917 г., который столь же важен, как фактор формационный. Обращается внимание на взгляды Л. Н. Толстого и В. И. Ленина. Они характеризовали русскую революцию как антикапиталистическую и способную перерасти в социалистическую, а также обращали внимание на особенности протекания русской революции и ее результаты в плане перехода от первой, православной, модификации русской идеи ко второй — советской.

Анализируются три основные силы русской революции на трех уровнях — стихийном, активизировавшемся в условиях вакуума власти, политическом — на уровне политических организаций и коалиций и идеологическом, представленном капиталистической и социалистической идеологиями и русской идеей. Показывается, как утверждалась власть нового типа государственности — Советов, основанных на принципах, аналогичных общинному самоуправлению, под доминированием партии большевиков; как в экономике укреплялись новые, коллективистские формы жизнеустройства при жестком управлении «партии нового типа»; как в духовно-идеологической сфере на смену православным, церковным устоям общества пришли социалистические принципы морали и нравственности.

Отмечаются уроки русской революции 1917 г.: захват власти и уничтожение прежней элиты не обеспечивает окончательной победы социализма, так как возможно перерождение возникшей новой элиты; для построения социализма и удержания социалистических преобразований необходим достаточно высокий уровень нравственного развития общества; построенный социализм должен соответствовать особенностям данной цивилизации и национальному менталитету и характеру ее представителей.

Выводы статьи могут служить материалом для дальнейших дискуссий, посвященных событиям, которые изменили ход русской и мировой истории. Русская революция имела положительные и отрицательные последствия.
Using the SSAP analysis for the primary localization of the cdt (cadmium tolerance) mutation in pea linkage group VI
Authors: Tsyganov Viktor E , Kulaeva Olga A , Knox Maggie , Borisov Aleksey U , Tikhonovich Igor A , Ellis Tomas N
Published: September 2017

To localize the cdt mutation leading to an increased cadmium tolerance in the pea mutant and an increased cadmium accumulation in the biomass, F2 and F3 progenies from crosses between the mutant SGECdt line and the JI 281 line were analyzed. The joint inheritance of 89 SSAP (sequence specific amplified polymorphism) markers, by which the analyzed lines differed, and the mutant trait of cadmium tolerance was performed. The linkage between the trait of cadmium tolerance and 4 SSAP markers: Tps1/146+, Tps1/167+,Tps1/44+ and Tps1/58+, localized in VI pea linkage group, was shown. Thus, prospects of using SSAP analysis for primary localization of a mutation in the linkage group were demonstrated.
Ecological genetics and predictive medicine
Authors: Baranov Vladislav S
Published: September 2017

The review highlights present state and some future perspectives of new but quickly expanding area of predictive medicine. Its basic background dealing with molecular testing of genetic polymorphisms as well as its practical and theoretical implications are discussed. Original data concerning the involvement of the genes participating in Phase 1 and Phase 2 of detoxification systems as well as of the genes controlling mineral bone density in the origin, progression and treatment efficiency of some common multifactorial diseases such as endometriosis, bronchial asthma, alcoholic cirrhosis, habitual miscarriages, gestosis, lung cancer, chronic bronchitis and osteoporosis are briefly outlined. Of special theoretical and practical value of these studies is an identification of highly nonrandom association of particular functionally inferior alleles of the genes belonging to glutathione-S-transferase super-gene family (GSTM1 (0), GSTT1 (0), GSTPi (s) as well as N-acetyl transferase - NAT-2 (s) with some of these diseases. Molecular testing of the relevant alleles might be recommended as feasible predictive test for personal predisposition evaluation, for estimation of remote prognosis and for the treatment strategy in at least some of these diseases. Early identification of these individuals by means of genetic screening supplemented with subsequent adequate social and medical care should be considered as feasible social program for efficient prevention of these diseases at the national level. Relying on these data as well as on the polymorphism studies and common mutation identification of other genes the idea of Genetic Form for the Pregnant Women is suggested and briefly discussed.
GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION OF SPRUCE POPULATIONS IN NORTHWEST RUSSIA REVEALED WITH MICROSATELLITE MARKERS
Authors: Potokina Elena K , Orlova Larisa V , Vishnevskaya Maria S , Alekseeva Ekaterina A , Potokin Alexander F , Egorov Alexander A
Published: September 2017

Analysis of genetic diversity of spruce populations in northwest Russia using microsatellite markers revealed two moderately distinctive genetic clusters. One of them combined trees that were determined by morphological featuers as P. abies. The other cluster included trees identified as P. obovata and P. fennica. The SSR analysis does not support taxonomical independence of the hybrid-derived species P. fennica. Occurrence of P. abies genotypes revealed by SSR analysis significantly decreases from the south to the north.
IMPACT OF PARENTS GENETIC DIVERGENCE ON HETEROSIS OF F1-HYBRIDS OF SPRING TRITICALE
Authors: Orlovskaya Olga A , Koren Lidia V , Khotyleva Lubov V
Published: September 2017

Molecular heterogeneity was studied in 20 spring triticale accessions by using ISSR- and RAPD-markers, which allowed the studied material to be grouped according to the degree of genetic relationship and to choose genetically distant parental pairs for crosses to obtain heterotic hybrids. Expression of heterosis of F1 triticale hybrids was studied. Evaluation of the degree of parents genetic divergence on the heterosis level of F1-hybrids revealed that increase of genetic distance values between parental components leads to higher probability of obtaining heterotic hybrids.
Genotoxicology of plant compounds
Authors: Durnev Andrey D , Lapitskaya Anastasia S
Published: September 2017

Experimental data obtained during genotoxicity investigation of herbal compounds were summarized. Compounds with established and/or presumed genotoxic activity were singled out. They include allyl isothiocyanates, anthraquinones, aristolochic acids, hydra-zines, propenyl benzenes, pyrrolizidine alkaloids, single flavonoids, etc. The data were analyzed critically and it was concluded that most of the results require confirmation, as they were obtained using inadequate test systems. Relevant trends and investigation algorithms used in genotoxicology studies of herbal compounds were defined.
Metabolites of plants and their role in resistance to phytopathogens
Authors: Lutova Ludmila A , Shumilina Galina M
Published: September 2017

Plant disease resistance is a complex reaction where biochemical peculiarities play a major role. The review is focused on two strategies of improvement of plant resistance to some groups of pathogens. The first strategy is based on a dependence of pathogens on certain plant compounds, i.e. sterols. The lack of these metabolites in a host plant repress pathogen development and reproduction. Here we present modern data on sterol metabolism and their functions in plants as well as description of known plant sterol mutants. The other way to improve plant resistance is to stimulate biosynthesis of secondary metabolites with antimicrobial activity. The roles of phytoalexins and steroid glycoalcoloids in the development of plant resistance is described here on certain examples
Selection on the evolution rate as one of factors defining the morphology of multi-cellular organisms
Authors: Berdnikov Vladimir A
Published: September 2017

Evolution of multicellular organisms was accompanied by multiple extinctions, after which the survived phyletic lineages started to conquer the free ecological space. The question arises: how the selection for adaptation to new environment could affect the organism morphology? The rate of evolutionary change of a structure depends predominantly on the number of loci that control its development. As this number increased in the course of evolution, it is hypothesized that the evolutionary trend for complication of organisms is the consequence of selection for the rate of evolution.
Structure, functions and perspectives of practical application of the signal molecules inducing development of rhizobia-legume symbiosis
Authors: Ovtsyna Aleksandra O , Tikhonovich Igor A
Published: September 2017

Soil bacteria rhizobia establish nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with legume plants. Mutual recognition of symbiotic partners and initiation of nodule formation occur via exchange by molecular signals secreted both by plant and bacteria. This review summarizes recent data about structural diversity, genetic control of biosynthesis and functional role of Nod-factors. The possibilities of practical application of flavonoids and Nod-factors in agriculture are discussed
Molecular basis of applying antimutagens as anticarcinogens
Authors: Goncharova Roza I , Kuzhir Tatyana D
Published: September 2017

The paper presents a review of current data on mechanisms of natural and synthetic antimutagen action underlying the expediency and availability of their application as anticarcinogens. Previously, some molecular processes involved in carcinogenesis as well as some therapeutic targets are considered. The effects of antimutagens on those or other molecular targets have been summarized in table. Along with the literature data on plant antimutagens, some experimental results and supposed mechanisms of the 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives have been analyzed.
General morphogenetic events and regulatory genes expresion in flower development
Authors: Lutova Ludmila A
Published: September 2017

The main genetics of development conception is differential genes expression for different types of cells in developed organisms. That is correct for higher plants, too. Otherwise, all the higher plants, in comparing to animals, are characterized by some unique traits. The main of them is a strong cell wall leading to the immobility of organism, so plants chose principally different life strategy, connecting to the adaptation. Sequencing of several plant genomes revealed that there are much more genes involved in plant morphogenesis than in animal are. The main of plant morphogenesis genes are MADS-genes, the place and the level of expression of them define unique features of morphogenesis. Some data confirmed that expression of some transcription factors is under epigenetic control. It means that RNA plays a key role in the regulation of the main genes in development. So, the absence of homeosis gene AP2 expression in inner мутовках of develop flower is a result of active miRNA172 gene expression in that regions. The genetic, molecular and biochemical basis of the action of the MADS domain proteins in the plant life cycle are reviewed here. Moreover, in this reviewer, we focus on examples of signaling and gene regulation, where striking progress has been made in recent years.
Analysis Of Pea (Pisum Sativum L.) Source Material For Breeding Of Cultivars With High Symbiotic Potential And Choice Of Criteria For Its Evaluation
Authors: Shtark Oksana Y , Danilova Tanyana N , Naumkina Tatiana S , Vasilchikov Angrei G , Chebotar Vladimir K , Kazakov Alexander E , Zhernakov Alexander I , Nemankin Timofey A , Prilepskaya Nina A , Borisov Aleksey U , Tikhonovich Igor A
Published: September 2017

Double inoculation with arbuscular mycorhizal fungi and nodule bacteria was shown to increase seed productivity and plant dry weight in most of pea genotypes studied. Sometimes it can exceed the effect of mineral fertilizers.Seed productivity and plant dry weight were chosen as main criteria for evaluation of symbiosis effectiveness of legume crops. Expediency of legume breeding to improve symbiotic potential of legume varieties was proven and the genotypes to be used in such breeding programs were identified.
Perspectives of micronuclear test in human lymphocytes cultivated in cytogenetic block conditions. Part 1: Cell proliferation
Authors: Ingel Faina I
Published: September 2017

Cultivation of human blood lymphocytes under the conditions of cytokinetic block with cytochalasin B creates unique opportunity to analyze the total spectrum of the changes describing genome instability. The main task of the present publication is the analysis of a modern state, opportunities and outlooks of the micronuclear test on human blood lymphocytes. The special attention is given those directions of researches which are rather seldom present in the literature - to laws of cellular proliferation, to existence of physiological conditionality and genetic predisposition to development of effects of genome instability; to effects of emotional stress and the adaptive response to action of ionizing irradiation, etc. The material is presented in 2 consecutive publications. It is finished with discussion of methodical features of statement of culture, results of the microscopic analysis and ideology of creation of the conclusions of the study.
The influence of virginity and induced sterility on Drosophila melanogaster females and males life span
Authors: Shaposhnikov Mikhail V , Moskalev Aleksey A , Turysheva Elena V
Published: September 2017

Reproduction and life span are negatively interrelated in both sexes, however sex differences in costs of reproduction are poorly understood. It was shown that mating cost has a main contribution to costs of reproduction in both sexes. molecular signals from gonads exceed cost of gametes production.
Using of ITS sequences for the evaluation of taxonomic relations of the representatives of tribe Vicieae (Adans.) Bronn сем. Fabaceae Lindl
Authors: Ryzhova Natalia N , Burlyaeva Marina O , Kochieva E A , Vishnyakova Margarita A
Published: September 2017

ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 nucleotide polymorphism аnalysis of Vicieae species that represent accessions of Russian genebank (VIR) collection have been performed. Nucleotide substitutions in ITS1-5.8S-ITS2-sequences and indels of different length that were species-specific or specific for Lathyrus and Viciaspecies groups have been revealed. New data proving taxonomic status of accessions with uncertain taxonomic position have been obtained.
SIMULATION OF PLANT-BACTERIA CO-EVOLUTION IN THE MUTUALLY BENEFICIAL SYMBIOSIS
Authors: Provorov Nikolay A , Vorobyov Nikolay I
Published: September 2017

The mathematical model for evolution of legume-rhizobia mutualism based on the partners' positive feedbacks resulted from their metabolic (C-N) exchange is presented. Negative FDS in rhizobia population, combined with the partners' positive feedbacks ensure anchoring or even domination of the mutants which either acquired the mutualistic traits or changed the specificity in their expression with different host genotypes. The created model allows us to consider the mutualistic symbiosis as of a finely balanced population system in which the equilibrium may be shifted in favor of beneficial microbial genotypes due to natural selection for an improved symbiotic efficiency implemented in plant population. Research is supported by RFBR grant 06-04-48800a.
FATE AND ECOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS OF FIREFLY LUC GENE-TAGGED SINORHIZOBIUM MELILOTI 2011-BACTERIA IN SOIL INHABITED BY HIGH LEVELS OF INDIGENOUS ALFALFA NODULATING POPULATIONS
Authors: Selbitschka Werner , Keller Mathias , Dresing Uve , Dammann-Kalinowski Tanja , Krahn Iren , Schneiker-Bekel Susanne , Sch?ffer D , Lotz W , Miethling-Graff Rona , Tebbe,  Christoph C , P?hler Alfred
Published: September 2017

A field study was conducted with genetically modified sinorhizobium meliloti strains L1 (RecA-) and L33 (RecA+), both tagged with the firefly luciferase luc gene as an identification marker. The strains' fate was studied over a time period of five years. Both strains were rapidly outcompeted for alfalfa nodulation by an indigenous population. In summary, this study demonstrates the usefulness of tagging bacteria designed for environmental releases by the firefly luciferase gene and the high resilience of soil bacteria to allow the establishment of foreign bacterial populations. This work was supported by grants of the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). We thank Penny Hirsch for valuable discussion concerning the preparation of the peat-based inoculants. The contribution of the Bayer-ische Staatsministerium fur Ernahrung, Landwirtschaft und Forsten for making available the field release site in Stras-smoos is gratefully acknowledged. We thank Rudolf Beck and the team of the Strassmoos experimental plant station for their excellent support during the field study.
Molecular passportization of clones of karelian birch using PCRwith semi-specific primers
Authors: Matveeva Tatyana V , Mashkina Оlga S , Isakov Yuriy N , Lutova Ludmila A
Published: September 2017

Using 4 clones of Karelian birch (Betula pendula Roth var caretica Merckl.) from the collection of the karelian birch of the laboratory of genetics of Research Institute of Forest Genetics and Breeding, Voronezh, one normal tree of Betula pendula Roth, and one tree of B. pubescens Ehrh., collected from the nature, we have analyzed the possibility of application of PCR with semi-specific primers for molecular typing. We found primers with high percentage of polymorphic markers. These primers could be recommended for molecular typing of birch.
Mutational processes in animals preadapted to oxidizing stress
Authors: Gus'kov Evgeniy P , Mashkina Elena V , Belichenko Nina I , Varduni Tatyana V , Gus'kov Gleb E , Shkurat Tatyana P , Volosovcova Galina I , Pokudina Inna O
Published: September 2017

Article is devoted to a problem of metabolic systems preadaptation an organism as a result of influence oxidizing stress, induced hyperbaric oxygenation (0,2 MPa), on newborn rats, and also an estimation of a degree and duration of preservation of a metabolic trace after that influences. Opportunities of increase stability animals to influence stress modes of oxidizing stress, induced hyperbaric oxygenation (0,5 MPa) after their preadaptation during the newborn period are considered. Mutational processes in different periods after preadaptation are investigated; changes of norm reaction to oxidizing stress in the posterity received from reciprocal crossings of preadapted rats are estimated.
Evolutionary analysis of sequences expressed in tumors
Authors: Samusik Nikolay A , Galachyants Yuriy P , Kozlov Andrey P
Published: September 2017

Earlier we have identified a new class of human genomic sequences expressed preferentially in tumors. Here we use a comparative genomics approach and conservation analysis to study evolutionary specificity of nine human tumor-specific sequences, described previously. Three sequences had originated in the primate lineage. The other three had mammalian orthologs, but conservation analysis has shown that these sequences evolved neutrally. Three sequences were conservative. These data confirm previously formulated hypothesis that evolutionarily new genes are expressed in tumors.
Comparative cytochemical analysis of hydrogen peroxide distribution in pea ineffective mutant SGEFix--1 (sym40) and initial line SGE
Authors: Tsyganova Anna V , Tsyganov Viktor E , Borisov Aleksey U , Tikhonovich Igor A , Brewin Nicholas
Published: September 2017

Comparative cytochemical analysis has revealed differences in hydrogen peroxide distribution in symbiotic nodules of pea initial line SGE and mutant SGEFixsup-/sup-1 (sym40). In the initial line SGE, precipitates of cerium perhydroxide were deposited in the walls of infection threads and in adjacent material in the luminal matrix. In mutant SGEFixsup-/sup-1, an increased deposition of cerium perhydroxide precipitates was observed in the matrix of hypertrophied infection droplets, round bacteria contained in infection threads and also around juvenile bacteroids. The observed pattern of hydrogen peroxide distribution indicates that bacteria in infected cells of mutant nodules are exposed to a stronger oxidative stress compared with nodules of the initial line.
Genotoxic effects of complex influence of radon and heavy metals depending on polymorphism of genes of enzymes monoxygenase systems
Authors: Minina Varvara I , Druzhinin Vladimir G , Glushkov Andrey N , Golovina Tatyana A , Apalko Svetlana V , Volkov Alexey N , Ahmatjanova Venera R , Lunina Anna A , Larionov Aleksey V
Published: September 2017

The correlation between genotype CYP1A and level of chromosomal aberrations in adolescents which are living and learning in a boarding school of Tashtagol of Kemerovskaya oblast' in the conditions of complex genotoxic influence of raised concentration of radon and heavy metals has been studied. The levels of chromosomal aberrations were increased in carriers of at least one CYP1A1 *2A allele, as compared with CYP1A1*1A*A gomozygotes. Frequency of ring chromosomes it is significant it is raised at donors of genotype CYP1A1 *1A*1A (T3801C). Frequency of occurrence of lural chromosomal aberrations it is significant it is raised at donors with genotype CYP1A2 *1A*1A. The conclusion about the important role of CYP1A in formation genotoxic effects of complex influence of adon and heavy metals is made.
Moleсular-genetic markers in study of intra- and interspecific polymorphism of Acipenseriformes
Authors: Timoshkina Natalya N , Vodolazshky Dmitry I , Usatov Alexander V
Published: September 2017

Uniqueness and high commercial value of relic group of sturgeon fishes stimulated researches of their genetic polymorphism. In the review the basic molekular-genetic markers used for an estimation of genetic variability are considered; their merits and demerits are discussed, examples of their application, basically, on Acipenseriformes Eurasia are resulted. Problems of the genetic analysis polyploid kinds are is short covered.
The frequencies of autoimmunity risk alleles of some genes in Belarus population
Authors: Aksenova Elena A , Pokladok Tatiana N , Boiko Dina V , Danilenko Nina G
Published: September 2017

The population genotype and allele frequencies of +49A/G cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA4); C1858T protein tyrosine phosphatase gene (PTPN22); –23HphIА/T insulin gene (INS) loci in native Belarusians from 6 ethnogeographic regions were estimated. The frequencies of risk allele homozygotes were: +49G CTLA4 — 17,3%; –23HphIА INS 50,7% — 1858Т PTPN22 — 4,1%. 5 individuals out of 662 investigated were risk homozygotes for all three genes, 21 were homozygotes with protective allele combination. The uniformity of genotypes and alleles distribution of investigated locuses across Belarus regions was demonstrated.
Genetic variability of plants grown on oily soils investigation by the use of ISSR-markers on Poa pratensis L. model
Authors: Boronnikova Svetlana V , Mandritsa Sergey A , Svetlakova Тatiana N , Nazarov Aleksey V , Suslonov Aleksandr V
Published: September 2017

In this study we provide evidence of genetic variability decrease of plants grown on oily soils. Genetic variability levels of Рoa pratensis L. from oily soils were investigated by means of PCR amplification with ISSR primers. On the basis of these indicators it is confirmed, that the plants growing in the conditions of oil pollution of soils, are characterised by the lowered level of a genetic variety.
Frequency of TCR Mutant Human Lymphocytes Depending on Genotypes by Loci of Xenobiotics Detoxication
Authors: Salnikova Lubov E , Zamulaeva Irina A , Belopolskaya Olesya B , Ivanova Tatyana I , Kuznetsova Galina I , Saenko Alexander S , Abilev Serikbay K , Rubanovich Alexander V
Published: September 2017

The results of the associative study of predisposition to an elevated somatic mutagenesis in human lymphocytes determined by the test of TCR mutant cells (CD3-CD4+phenotype) for 251 females are presented. The presence of minor alleles of polymorphic sites of CYP1A1 gene, which increase the enzyme activity, correlated with the increasing spontaneous frequency of TCR mutant cells. The analysis of gaplotypes in CYP1A1 locus (3 sites) showed that a minor gaplotype of CG sites T3801C-T606G, which had a strong effect on the parameters of somatic mutation at the frequency of around 10%, has the maximum prognostic importance relative to the studied effects.
Assessment of a state of population gene pools of terrestrial mollusks in conditions of influence of ore dressing combines on example Bradybaena fruticum Müll. (Gastropoda, Pullmonata)
Authors: Snegin Eduard A
Published: September 2017

On the basis of analysis of the morphological and genetical variability revealed by a method of gel-electrophoresis of proteins, the state of gene pools of populations of modeling species Bradybaena fruticum (a bush snails) in conditions of influence of ore dressing combines is investigated. Authentic decrease of a level of heterozygosity and decrease of an allelic diversification in researched bunches is fixed in сomparison with the control populations, caused, both natural factors, and factors of an anthropogenic parentage. The genetic-automatic processes in populations are considered and vectors of natural selection are defined. On the basis of calculation of effective number the forecast of time of existence of populations is given.
100 years of symbiogenesis theory
Authors: Zakharov-Gezekhus Ilya A
Published: September 2017

Konstantin Mereschkowsky suggested that the plastids originate from symbiotic cyanobacteria, and the nucleus has also originated from an endosymbiont. The hypothesis of nuclear symbiogenesis was not discussed till 1980ies. Later (Gupta et al.,1994;. Lopez-Garcia, Moreira, 2001) the data were obtained in favor of the hypothesis that the nucleus originated from an archaean captured to become an endosymbiont of a bacterial host. Short biography of Konstantin Mereschkowsky is included.