bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Migration component of population change in St. Petersburg
Authors:   Institute of Regional Economics Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chistiakova N. E.
Published: January 2023

The main role of migration in the formation of the population of St. Petersburg in the past and in the present is considered. There is a resumption of the trend of increasing the migration growth of the female population. The North-Western Federal District is the leader in the number of arrivals in St. Petersburg and departures from it. For a long period in the migration exchange with the Leningrad region, the decline of the population of St. Petersburg has been recorded
Agriculture and food security: problems and prospects
Authors:   Institute of Regional Economics Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Dregulo A. M. , Khodachek A. M. ,   National Research University Higher School of Economics
Published: January 2023

The article discusses the problems and prospects of the development of agriculture and food security. Russia annually increases the production of agricultural products to ensure food security within the country and countries in need. However, the situation on global markets in recent years has led to the fact that food prices around the world have increased by a third. Residents of many countries are experiencing acute food shortages or hunger, which generates global socio-economic risks.
Proper environmental management and new energy – opportunities for development
Authors:   Institute of Regional Economics Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kuznetsov S.V. , Gorin E. A. ,   Institute of Regional Economics Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2023

The rational use of natural resources and a balanced environmental policy as a platform for the formation of an effective economy of the future are discussed. The interrelations ensuring progressive socio-economic devel-opment in Russia and in the world, the role of the current energy agenda in the formation and implementation of economic policy are considered. The possibilities of new energy, including the optimization of hydrocarbon gen-eration and the use of renewable energy sources, are evaluated. Information on the potential use of solar, wind and hydrogen energy for electric generation is provided.
Fichas técnicas descriptivas de productos de madera para la construcción y decoración
Authors:   Instituto Forestal (Chile), Vernal Díaz Nicole , Riquelme Espergue Francisca , Moya Navarro Iván , Bustamante Jorge , Acuña Aroca Bernardo , Elgueta M. Patricio , Schueftan Alejandra
Published: January 2023

El presente documento corresponde a la generación de “Fichas Técnicas Descriptivas de prototipos generados a partir de maderas cortas y diámetros pequeños”; dentro del marco del proyecto: “Diversificación de productos de valor agregado maderero, derivado de maderas cortas y diámetros pequeños de bosques nativos de Aysén” (código 061/2020), que fue ejecutado por el Instituto Forestal y financiado por el Fondo de Investigación de Bosque Nativo (FIBN) que administra la Corporación Nacional Forestal. Esta iniciativa se centró en desarrollar alternativas productivas para la industria maderera de la Región de Aysén, a través del aprovechamiento de las maderas cortas (≤ 2,40 m) y de diámetros pequeños (≤ 20 cm), ya que una parte importante de maderas, no se transforman en productos de mayor valor agregado, siendo incluso destinados para leña.
Hur gick det sen?
Authors: Hansson Per
Published: January 2023

What happened after? A study of the careers of priests within the Church of Sweden who have been assigned a rebuke or probationary period.   The purpose of this study is to examine whether a rebuke or probationary time affects the careers of priests within the Church of Sweden. It is the diocesan chapter that decides on such measures. The reason may be a breach of consecration vows or that the priest has damaged the esteem of ordained ministry to a great extent. The purpose is primarily to protect the congregations from unsuitable priests. The career of a study group of 35 priests who received a rebuke or probationary period was compared with a control group of 42 priests, who were reported to the diocesan chapter but where the case did not lead to any action. Data were collected for every three years 2004–2019. The priests have been followed through a register­­ study for up to 10 years or until retirement. The careers of priests in the study group are negatively affected. For five years they have an average lower position. The year after the decision, about 25% are without employment in the church. After five years, the careers of these priests are on a par with the careers of the control group. The results indicate that priests in the study group have a worse career than the priests in the control group. This is particularly obvious in the first five years after the decision. The purpose of the disciplinary decisions is partly fulfilled by the fact that these priests for a period do not work within the church. This study is one of the few, which examines the careers of professionals who have received some form of reprimand. It thus constitutes a new contribution to the research on professionals.
Statistical modeling of oil reservoir life cycle
Authors:   «OilGasScientificResearchProject» Institute, SOCAR, Baku, Azerbaijan, Suleimanov B. A. , Ismayilov F. S. ,   «OilGasScientificResearchProject» Institute, SOCAR, Baku, Azerbaijan, Dyshin O. A. ,   Azerbaijan State Oil Academy, Baku, Azerbaijan, Keldibayeva S. S. ,   KazMunayGas, Aktau, Kazakhstan
Published: January 2023

Based on statistical analysis, a method of stage-by-stage structuring and allocation of the boundaries of the stages of oil field development is proposed. The procedures for calculating the remaining recoverable reserves and the time to reach the maximum level of current oil production are given. Based on the values of accumulated oil production at the final stage of development, using the adaptive Kalman filter, forecasts of oil production are constructed in discrete time and estimates of the possibility of achieving design indicators with the existing development system are given. Keywords: Stage-to-stage structuring; Development stages; Forecast of recoverable reserves; Predicted oil production; Kalman filter.
Technology and Economic Calculation UGS Indicators of Peak and Reserve Types
Authors:   Transport Department, SOCAR, Baku, Azerbaijan, Aliyeva U. Z. , Gadirov Z. S. ,   «OilGasScientificResearchProject» Institute, SOCAR, Baku, Azerbaijan, Dzhomardov A. Y. ,   «OilGasScientificResearchProject» Institute, SOCAR, Baku, Azerbaijan
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to the issues of technology and economic indicators of UGS facilities of peak and reserve types. Calculation of options for creating peak gas storage facilities, differing in storage volumes and daily gas withdrawals. Determination and use of physical and dynamic parameters of a porous medium in the development of gas condensate deposits. Determining the technological parameters of the well-fluid system - gas distribution point (GRP), gas flow in the well, through the pipeline, the maximum allowable drawdown, the total volume of gas storage and the productivity of UGS facilities during gas extraction and injection. Keywords: Calculation; Gas movement; Deposits; Storage; Tolerable depression; Dynamic options.
Formation of the Innovative Validity of Industrial Enterprises
Authors:   Transport Department, SOCAR, Baku, Azerbaijan, Aliyeva U. Z.
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to the development of innovative activity of industrial enterprises in the conditions of new industrialization, which determine the survival of a science-intensive business through the activation of the development and implementation of high-quality R&D, capable of creating high-demand science-intensive products both at the national and global levels. In the article, the authors expand the traditional approach to understanding innovation by introducing a new concept into scientific circulation - «innovative validity». On the basis of a comparative criteria analysis of such basic definitions of innovation management as innovation potential, innovation activity, innovation susceptibility, the place of innovation consistency in the practice of industrial enterprises is clarified, while it is justified that it is an evolutionary stage in the development of innovation activity in the chain innovation potential - innovation activity – innovative susceptibility – innovative viability. The article highlights the distinctive features of the innovative viability of a science-intensive business and offers a number of recommendations aimed at its institutionalization. Keywords: Innovation; Business; Innovative opportunity; Innovative potential; Innovative activity; Sensitivity to innovation; Industrial enterprise.
Do Renewables Create Local Jobs?
Authors: Fabra Natalia , Gutiérrez Eduardo , Lacuesta Aitor , Ramos Roberto
Published: January 2023

We investigate whether investments in renewable energy – solar and wind plants – create jobs in the municipality where they are located. Using 13 years of monthly data, we exploit the variation in the timing and size of investment projects across more than 3,200 municipalities in Spain, a country with substantial investments in this area. We use a new estimator for staggered differences-in-differences analysis that extends the local projections approach with clean controls (Dube et al., 2022). We find strong heterogeneity in the magnitude and pattern of the impacts of solar and wind investments. On average, solar investments increase employment by local firms, but the effects on the unemployment of local residents are weak. The effects of wind investments on local employment and unemployment are mostly non-significant. These findings have important implications for public policy.
The sensors-based artificial intelligence Train Control and Monitoring System (TCMS) for managing the railway transport fleet
Authors: Kalinowski Mateusz , Weichbroth Paweł
Published: January 2023

Railways deliver a safe and sustainable form of transport and are typically pointed as one the safest form of transportation. Nevertheless, train accidents still happen, and when they happen, the consequences concern serious fatalities and injuries. Since every case is unique, the most frequent causes of train accidents are mechanical derailments, failures, as well as human errors and ignorance. In order to mitigate the risks posed by both physical and human related factors, various technological advancements have been designed and implemented. Among many existing Train Control and Monitoring Systems (TCMS), one can observe that recently developed artificial intelligence (AI) methods are also considered to be integrated part of the modern TCMS solutions. Following recent AI improvements and trends, in this paper we aim to present and discuss our newly developed TCMS system. In particular, both the system architecture and features are described along with the expected benefits of its implementation.
Emissions Reduction by Combustion Modeling in the Riser of Fluidized Bed Combustor for Thar Coal Pakistan
Authors: Butt Jawad Abdullah , Nergis Yasmin , Hussain Ahmad , Sharif Mughal , Das Arjan
Published: January 2023

Pakistan has experienced a protracted electricity shortage for the past few years. However, despite Pakistan’s abundant coal deposits, modern coal combustion technology is still required to reduce emissions. Pakistan is struggling to utilize its energy resources and currently experiencing an electrical shortage of more than 8000 MW. The research study models the combustion performance in a fluidized bed riser using ANSYS FLUENT software to understand the combustion behavior of low-rank Thar coal. A simple circulating fluidized bed (CFB) combustion riser was modeled for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to study the hydrodynamics of gas-solid flow in a circulating fluidized bed riser to reduce emissions and operating costs. Three different types of risers/combustors geometries were used center flow, counter flow, and parallel flow. The CFD model for the solids segment with a k-e turbulence model and the viscosity of static particles in the gas segment both showed excellent mixing performance. According to the FLUENT data, the riser/combustor maximum temperature is around 1400 K or 1130 o C at the primary burning sector in the bed center. According to velocity contours, the greatest velocity in the center-oriented riser/combustor peaks at 3.3 m/s. The CO and CO2 both mass fraction counters show maximum concentration in the center geometry, whereas lower CO concentration is found in parallel geometry. The lowest level of NOx is established in the parallel geometry at around 15 ppm, whereas the counter contours establish the maximum level of NOx at about 31 ppm. Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustor is found to be the most advantageous and effective technology for producing power from Thar lignite coal and reducing emissions.
Facilities for Implementing Entrepreneurship Skills Training in Motor Vehicle Mechanic Work
Authors: Fadairo Olatunji Oriola , Olakotan Olusegun Olawale
Published: January 2023

This study determined facilities for implementing entrepreneurship skills training in Motor Vehicle Mechanic Work. The descriptive survey research study was guided by a research question. The study was carried in Lagos State Nigeria with a population of 230. Facilities for implementing entrepreneurship skills training Questionnaire (FIESTQ) containing 25 items was the instrument developed and used for data collection. It was validated by 3 experts and tested to obtain a reliability coefficient of 0.81 using Cronbach Alpha. The FIESTQ was used for collecting data from 230 respondents. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation to answer the research question and inferential statistics of t-test to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The study found that facilities are essential in the implementation of entrepreneurship skills training in motor vehicle mechanic work. The findings on the hypothesis revealed that there was no significant difference in the mean responses of motor vehicle mechanic work and supervisors in the registered automobile industries. The study recommended that the identified training facilities should be procured by relevant stakeholders to implement entrepreneurship skills training in Motor Vehicle Mechanic Work and that sufficient amount of funds should be deployed by the government to employ requisite manpower in schools.
Effects of Chicken Manure and Shrimp Paste on Chili Pepper (Capsicum Frustescens) Growth
Authors: Mohd Kamaruddin Mohamad Izzat Syafiq , Abdul Mutalib Asilah , Ismail Zalina , Ab-Latif Zahidah , Che Man Shaibatul Islamiah
Published: January 2023

Chemical fertilizer application is one of the most common procedures in today's developing intensive agriculture. However, long-term use of chemical fertilizers has resulted in many unintended consequences such as environmental pollution including contribution of toxicity to the soil. Excessive toxicity of soil may prevent the growing of plants roots and containing low nutrients in plants. Previous study has proven that organic fertilizers may increase the plants growth and its soil quality. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effects of chicken manure and shrimp paste application on chili pepper growth. This study used Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) as an experimental design. There were 4 treatments with 5 replications in this study. The treatments were supplied with: T1 (tap water); T2 (30 gram of chicken manure); T3 (30 mL of shrimp paste solution); T4 (15 gram of chicken manure and 15 mL of shrimp paste). The parameters that have been observed in this study were root length, shoot length, leaves number and soil pH. The data was analysed by using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and the differences between treatments mean were compared using Tukey test with significant level (P≤0.05). The results of this experiment showed that the chicken manure and shrimp paste solution had significant effects for all parameters measured except for soil pH value. All treatments were significantly higher compared to control. This study was conducted to provide more information as well as awareness to the agricultural industry and society to mainly use organic fertilizers in any cultivation of food product.
Potencialidades e desafios no uso da hipodermóclise em pacientes adultos: revisão integrativa
Authors: Cordeiro Karoline Goulart , Silveira Laura Menezes , Mendes Karina Dal Sasso , Stabile Angelita , Dessote Carina Aparecida Marosti , Bolela Fabiana
Published: January 2023

Objetivo: identificar as evidências científicas nacionais e internacionais acerca das potencialidades e desafios da hipodermóclise em pacientes adultos. Método: revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada em abril de 2019, sem recorte temporal, utilizando as bases MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus e Embase, resultando em uma amostra final de sete artigos internacionais. Resultados: da síntese das evidências, emergiram potencialidades: viabilidade da técnica, possibilidade de tratamento da desidratação em idosos, uso em pacientes confusos, com difícil acesso venoso e em domicílio, baixo índice de complicações, menor demanda de tempo de cuidados da equipe. Os desafios evidenciados foram: aceitação do paciente, estágio da doença, características dos fluidos administrados, ensino da técnica na graduação, treinamento dos profissionais de enfermagem e adoção de protocolos clínicos. Conclusão: apesar das potencialidades, há desafios a serem superados que apontam para a necessidade de capacitação para o uso da hipodermóclise, tanto para os profissionais quanto para os estudantes em formação, o que poderia impactar positivamente na adesão à prática da hipodermóclise.
Ortaokul Matematik Öğretmenlerinin, Öğrencilerin Sembolleştirme Becerisinin Matematik Öğrenme Ve Başarılarına Etkisine İlişkin Görüşleri
Authors: EREN Emine , OBAY Mustafa
Published: January 2023

Bu araştırmanın amacı, ortaokul matematik öğretmenlerinin 6. sınıf cebirsel ifadeler konusunda öğrencilerin sembolleştirme becerilerinin matematik öğrenme ve başarılarına etkisine ilişkin görüşlerinin incelenmesidir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, 2020-2021 eğitim öğretim yılı Siirt ili merkez ilçesindeki ilköğretim okullarında görev yapan 25 ortaokul matematik öğretmeni oluşturmaktadır. Çalışma, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden olgubilim (fenomenoloji) modelindedir. Pilot çalışma esnasında bazı öğretmenlerin sembolleştirme becerisi hakkında herhangi bir açıklamalarının olmadığı görülmüştür. Bu sebeple yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmelerde kullanılmak üzere hazırlanan görüşme sorularının iki form şeklinde hazırlanması gerektiğine karar verilmiştir. Öğretmenlerle görüşmeler zoom programı üzerinden gerçekleştirilmiş ve görüşmeler kayıt altına alınmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin analizinde içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonucunda, ikinci grup öğretmenlerin sembolleştirmeye ilişkin bir algıları olmasına rağmen bilinçli bir seviyede bunu ifade edemedikleri görülmüştür. Sembolleştirme becerisinin; matematik konularını anlama ve öğrencinin kavrama düzeyi, matematik problemlerini anlama ve çözme, harf sembollerini anlama ve kullanma, öğrenmenin kalıcılığını sağlama üzerinde etkili olduğu sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır. Sembolleştirme becerisinin öğrencilerin; soyut düşünme becerisi, okuduğunu anlama becerisi, zihinsel gelişimleri ve hazırbulunuşluk düzeyleri ile olumlu yönde bir ilişkinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Alevi İnanç ve Kültüründe Su Sembolizmi
Authors: YAYIK Bahar
Published: January 2023

Sembol bir düşünce ya da nesnenin yerini tutan somut ve bilinir işarettir. Fakat sembol salt bir işaret olmayıp yerine geçtiği şeyin insan zihnindeki yansımasıdır. Birey semboller aracılığıyla imgesel boyuttaki olay, nesne ve fikirleri somut düzleme taşır ve böylece onları anlaşılır hale getirir. Geniş bir etki alanına sahip olan semboller, din ve inançların da kullanım alanına girmektedir. Geçmişten günümüze birçok insan kutsalın bilgisine ulaşabilmek için sembolleri çeşitli şekillerde, birer vasıta olarak kullanmıştır. Su çok eski dönemlerden itibaren insan hayatındaki önemini hep korumuş bir unsurdur. Canlıların yaşamlarını sürdürebilmesi için suya muhtaç olması insan zihninde onu üst bir noktaya taşımıştır. Birçok inanç ve kültürde yaşamın kaynağı ve saflığın, temizliğin sembolü olarak bilinen su, Türk kültüründe bu bilinen anlamlarının yanında yaratmanın ilhamı olarak yerini almıştır. Türk kültüründe bu anlamlara sahip olan su, İslamiyet’in kabulüyle birlikte her derde deva olan ölümsüzlük iksiri âb-ı hayata dönüşmüştür. Bu çalışmada kaynağı büyük oranda Orta Asya Türk kültür ve inancı olan Alevi inanç ve kültüründe su sembolizmi ele alınmış ve böylece iki kültür arasındaki benzerlikler ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır.
Günümüz Kur’an Meâllerinde Öne Çıkan Bazı Temel Problemler
Authors: AKBUDAK Zeynep
Published: January 2023

Malum olduğu üzere Kur’an-ı Kerim dili nazil olduğu coğrafyada, yaşayan insanların konuştuğu bir dilde yani “Arapça” nazil olmuştur. Ve ayetlerde belirtildiği üzere bu “Kitap” insanlar için dünya ve ahiretleri adına dosdoğru olan yola rehberlik eden bir kılavuzdur. Bu noktada karşılaşılan sorun, dili Arapça olan bu kılavuzun vermek istediği mesajların, Arapça bilmeyenlere en doğru şekilde nasıl aktarılabileceği sorunudur. Ortaya konulan gayretleri takrir etmekle birlikte günümüz meâllerin çoğunluğunda, Kur’an-ı Kerim’i anlama ve anlaşılanı ikinci dile aktarmada bazı eksikliklerin olduğu görülmektedir. Bu eksiklikleri gidermeye yönelik bir metodolojinin gelişmediği ve nihayetinde meâl okuyucusuna murad-ı ilahinin sağlıklı olarak aktarılmadığı anlaşılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Kur’an meâllerinde bizim tespit edebildiğimiz; Arap Dili, Gramer ve Belâgatın İhmali, Deyim ve Söz Öbeklerinde Görülen Hatalar, Yaygın Türkçe Kullanımın Dışına Çıkılması, Hakikat-Mecaz Ayırımına Dikkat Edilmemesi, Tarihî Arka Planı Göz Ardı Etme gibi temel hatalardan dolayı ortaya çıkan anlaşılmama probleminin nasıl giderilebileceği hususunda bir yöntem önerisi sunulmaya çalışılmış ve bu noktada Kur’an meâllerinde karşılaşılan sorunlar ile meâl hazırlanırken toplumun anlayışına uygun dilde, anlaşılabilecek düzeyde bir meâl hazırlanması için örnek bir meâl çevirisinin nasıl olması gerektiği hususunda yöntem önermektedir.
Öğrenci Görüşlerine Göre Öğretmenlerin İstenmeyen Öğrenci Davranışlarını Yönetme Becerileri
Authors: GÜNDÜZ Yüksel , CAN Ertuğ
Published: January 2023

Çalışmanın amacı, öğrenci görüşlerine göre, öğretmenlerin istenmeyen öğrenci davranışlarını yönetme becerilerini ortaya koymaktır. Araştırmada tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Bu araştırmanın çalışma grubu 2021-2022 öğretim yılında Kırklareli ili sınırları içinde bulunan Anadolu, Fen ve Meslekî Teknik Liselerde öğrenim gören 570 öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmanın verileri “Öğretmenlerin İstenmeyen Öğrenci Davranışlarını Yönetme Ölçeği” ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde, frekans ve yüzdelikler, aritmetik ortalama, standart sapma, t testi ve ANOVA işlemleri yapılmıştır. Öğrencilere göre, öğretmenler, istenmeyen öğrenci davranışlarını yönetme becerilerini “ara sıra” ve “orta düzeyde” yerine getirmektedirler. Cinsiyet değişkenine göre, öğretmenlerin istenmeyen öğrenci davranışlarını yönetme durumuna ilişkin öğrenci görüşleri arasında istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmamıştır. Burada, erkeklerin algıladıkları öğretmenlerin istenmeyen öğrenci davranışlarını yönetme becerisi, kızlarla yaklaşık aynı düzeydedir. Sınıf düzeyi değişkenine göre, öğretmenlerin istenmeyen öğrenci davranışlarını yönetme becerisine ilişkin öğrenci görüşleri arasında anlamlı farklılıklar bulunmuştur. Lise türü değişkenine göre, öğretmenlerin istenmeyen öğrenci davranışlarını yönetme becerisine ilişkin öğrenci görüşleri arasında, ölçek toplam ve istenmeyen öğrenci davranışlarını yönetme alt boyutunda anlamlı farklılıklar bulunmamıştır. Ancak istenmeyen öğrenci davranışlarına tepkide bulunma ve istenmeyen öğrenci davranışlarını önleme alt boyutlarında anlamlı farklılıklar bulunmuştur. Araştırma sonucuna göre, öğretmenler istenmeyen öğrenci davranışlarını yeterli düzeyde yönetemedikleri için öğretmenlere bu konuda çeşitli eğitim etkinlikleri düzenlenmelidir.
RESILIÊNCIA DA CADEIA DE SUPRIMENTOS DO HIDROGÊNIO VERDE
Authors: Donato Vitório , Vieira Carolina Sacramento Vieira , Andrade Maíra Silva , Albuquerque Rosana Vieira , Santos Carlos Cesar Ribeiro
Published: January 2023

O hidrogênio é considerado verde quando é obtido de fontes renováveis de energia e que não emitam gases do efeito estufa – Gee. Por isso este H2V vem sendo considerado a chave para a descarbonização mundial. Mas para ser considerado H2V a cadeia logística envolvida na sua produção e movimentação precisa ser verde, o que requer planejamento da sua estruturação. Os principais problemas no planejamento da cadeia de suprimentos são a incapacidade desta se adaptar a interrupções não programadas e a dificuldade em entender a demanda do cliente. O fenômeno de resiliência na cadeia de suprimentos (RSC) é justamente a capacidade do sistema superar riscos de rupturas no fluxo de bens. Neste contexto, o presente artigo busca definir como fatores geradores de rsc do H2V podem auxiliar na sua operacionalização evitando disrupções no fluxo de abastecimento. Para tanto, uma revisão de literatura sobre o tema foi desenvolvida em bases de dados internacionais. Buscando-se identificar os parâmetros que definem a rsc e os fatores geradores de resiliência, os quais foram adaptados para caracterizar esta nova cadeia do H2V. Além disso, verificou-se relação positiva dos fatores geradores de resiliência que estão vinculados aos fatores de desempenho da cadeia de suprimentos, com impactos positivos nos negócio, tais como capacidade de reação, superação dos riscos e capacidade de reagir a rupturas.
Türkiye’de 2022 Yılı Asgari Ücret İstisnasının Vergi Takozuna Tahmini Etkileri
Authors: KAYA Emre , SARAÇ Özgür
Published: January 2023

Türkiye’de 2021’in son ayında ücret artış oranları için aralık ayı enflasyon verileri beklenirken Hükümet tarafından Gelir Vergisi ve Damga Vergisi kanunlarına getirilen bir düzenlemeyle brüt ücretin bir kısmı istisna kapsamına alınır ve ücretlere enflasyon rakamlarına ek ve örtülü olarak bir zam yapılır. Esas olarak çalışanların ücretlerini ilgilendirse de bu düzenleme, işverenlerin işgücü talebi neticesinde katlandıkları maliyetleri de oransal olarak azaltıcı niteliktedir. Buna göre, getirilen istisnalar brüt ücreti kapsasa da brüt ücret, işverenlerin maliyetidir. İşverenlerin işçilere yaptıkları ücret ödemeleriyle yasalar gereği işçiler adına ödemek zorunda oldukları bazı yükümlülükler, brüt ücretin unsurlarıdır. İşverenlerin her bir işçi istihdamı karşılığında ücret ödemesi dışında üstlenmek zorunda oldukları bu maliyetler, vergi takozu olarak adlandırılır. Türkiye, iki yılda bir yayınlanan OECD verilerine göre 2020 yılında tüm ücret seviyeleri için yüzde 38,8 ortalama vergi takozu oranıyla, grup ortalamasının iki puan üzerindedir. Asgari ücrete getirilen vergi istisnasının vergi takozunu azaltıcı etkisinin olacağı ve bunun OECD ortalamasının altında gerçekleşeceği tahmin edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada 2020 yılına kadar olan dönemde Türkiye’nin vergi takozu istatistikleri ele alınarak (i) 2022 yılının Ocak ayı itibariyle getirilen asgari ücret istisnası sayesinde vergi takozu oranın düşeceği, lakin istisna nedeniyle ödenmeyen vergi doğrudan net ücretlere yansıdığından işverenin lehine sonuç doğurmayacağı, (ii) hem vergi takozu oranının hem de işveren maliyetini azaltılması için brüt ücret içerisinde yer almayan yasal kesintilerde indirim yapılması gerektiği ve (iii) asgari ücret istisnasının çalışanların asgari ücretlileşmesi yolunda etkiler doğuracağı ve gelir dağılımında adaleti bozucu nitelikte olacağı savunulmuştur.
Yoksulluğun Yaşanan Boyutu: Türkiye’de Çocuk Maddi Yoksunluğunun Analizi
Authors: BERKMAN Kerem
Published: January 2023

Yoksulluğun giderek derinleşerek arttığı ve karmaşık bir yapıya evrildiği günümüz koşullarında dezavanatajlı toplumsal grupların sayısı giderek çoğalmaktadır. Dezavantajlı bu gruplar arasında seslerini duyurma ve kolektif bir mücadelede sergilemeden yoksun olan çocuklar, yoksulluk ve yoksunluklarını şiddetli bir biçimde yaşamaktadırlar. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’deki yoksul çocukların yoksulluk boyutlarının, yaşadıkları yoksunluklar bakımından açıklanması ve yazında bu alandaki boşluğa katkı sağlamaktır. Çalışmanın amacı bağlamında Türkiye’deki çocuk maddi yoksunluğunun analizinde, betimsel istatistik yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Analizler, TÜİK 2006-2020 yıllarına ait Gelir ve Yaşam Koşulları Mikro Veri seti üzerinden SPSS 24 programı ile hesaplanarak yapılmıştır. Bulgulara göre Türkiye’de sürekli hale gelen bir çocuk yoksulluğuna koşut olarak Türkiye’de 2020 yılı verisi için çocukların üçte birinin (%33,8) önemli düzeylerde yoksunlukla ile karşı karşıya oldukları tespit edilmiştir. Özellikle çocukların tüm gelişim süreçlerini etkileyen beslenmeye bağlı olarak yaşanan çocuk maddi yoksunluk oranı %41,8 ile çok çarpıcıdır. Öte yandan, Türkiye’deki çocukların üçte birinden fazlası, kira, konut kredisi ve fatura borçlarını ödeyemeyen ve beklenmedik harcamalarını karşılayamayan hanelerde yoksunluk içerisinde yaşamaktadırlar. Yoksunluklar bakımından TÜİK’in maddi yoksunluk hesaplamalarında kullandığı kriterler ise günümüzdeki temel kabul edilen birçok ihtiyacı da içermemektedir. Bu bakımdan çocukların içinde bulundukları gerçek yoksunlukların da tespiti güçleşmektedir.
1990’lı Yılların Siyasi ve Ekonomik Kriz Süreçlerinde Türk-İş, Hak-İş ve DİSK’in Söylemleri: Talepler, Ortak Platformlar ve Siyaset
Authors: DELİ Volkan
Published: January 2023

Bu çalışma 1990’lı yılların Türkiye’sinde, sendikacılık ve siyaset arasındaki ilişkinin belirlendiği üç önemli kriz sürecini, Türk-İş, Hak-İş ve DİSK’in söylemleri üzerinden analiz ederek tartışmaktadır. Söylem analizi kapsamında, konfederasyonların liderlerinin ve yöneticilerinin konuşmaları ve yazılı metinleri, konfederasyonların aylık eğitim ve meslek dergileri, genel kurul çalışma raporları, faaliyet raporları, eğitim yayınları, bildirileri ve eylem çağrılarını içeren belgeleri, araştırma raporları ve politika belgeleri birincil kaynak olarak ele alınıp değerlendirilmiştir. Konfederasyonların 1994 ekonomik krizine karşılık gelen ‘demokratikleşme’; 28 Şubat siyasi krizine denk gelen ‘irtica ve darbe’; 1999 ekonomik krizine ve 2001 ekonomik krizine karşılık gelen ‘anti-IMF’ söylemleri, siyasi iktidarlarla olan sosyal ve siyasi ilişkilerini belirlemiştir. Konfederasyonların kurumsal olarak ve ortak mücadele platformları aracılığıyla ürettikleri söylemler, işçi sınıfının temsili konusunda alternatif bir sendikacılık veya sendikal temsiliyet inşa edememiştir. Ancak, Türkiye’nin güncel siyasi denklemi içinde siyasal iktidarlar üzerinde bir baskı aracı olarak sosyal ve siyasal süreçleri etkilemişlerdir. Konfederasyonlar, temsil güçlerini bu kriz süreçlerinin sonuçlarıyla sınırlandırarak güncel siyasetin söylemsel alanı içinde hareket etmişlerdir. Sonuç olarak, 2000’li yıllara gelindiğinde, 1990’lı yıllardan geriye sadece ‘kriz güdümlü ve hegemonik kapasitesi zayıf bir sendikacılık’ miras kalmıştır.
THE INFLUENCE OF GDP, INFLATION, AND DEPOSIT RATES ON FDI IN INDONESIA
Authors: Fahmi Anisa Ulul , Septiani Yustirania
Published: January 2023

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) plays a very important role in providing capital and overcoming the problem of limited funds owned by developing countries in carrying out the economic development process. This study aims to analyze the effect of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), inflation, and deposit rates on foreign direct investment (FDI) in Indonesia in the long and short term. The method used in this study is the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method with periodic secondary data (time series) from the early 1990s to 2020. The results obtained in this study indicate that there is a positive and significant effect between GDP on investment foreign direct (FDI). However, inflation shows a negative effect in the long term on foreign direct investment (FDI). Meanwhile, the deposit interest rate in the long term shows a negative effect and in the short term it shows a positive and significant effect on foreign direct investment (FDI).
ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFFECTING FISHERMAN’S INCOME IN KAMAL MUARA, NORTH JAKARTA CITY
Authors: Lola Debie , Saparuddin  , Iranto Dicky
Published: January 2023

This research aims to determine the effect of operating costs at sea, experience at sea, and length of time at sea on the income of fishermen in the Kamal Muara Village, North Jakarta. The method used in this research is a quantitative method. The reachable population in this study were all fishermen in the Kamal Muara Village Area, North Jakarta, namely a total of 200 fishermen. The 67 fisherman were randomly selected for the sampling, and a questionnaire was used to gather the data. This study use Multiple Regression Analysis as its method of analysis. The results of this study indicate that Operational costs have a positive effect of 0,515 and are significant on fishermen's income. Experience at sea has a positive and significant effect of 0,033 on fishermen's income. Likewise, there is a positive effect of 0.474 and a significant relationship between the length of time at sea and the income of fishermen, which means that each additional length of time at sea will increase the total income of fishermen by 0,474%. Simultaneously, operational costs, experience at sea, and length of time at sea has a positive and significant influence on fishermen's income.
Investigating the Factors Influencing the Comprehension of Idiom Variation in a Second Language
Authors: Guo Yi , Xiang Mingjian
Published: January 2023

In the age of information and technology, idiom variation driven by linguistic creativity occurs more frequently than ever before. This poses a great challenge for L2 learners. The present study conducted a set of tests to investigate the effects of familiarity, L2 proficiency level, variation type, and L1 figurative competence on Chinese EFL learners’ comprehension of English idiom variants. The results revealed significant main effects of familiarity and L2 proficiency level on learners’ performance. Figurative-level variation was the most difficult to understand, followed by idioms with literal-scene modification and simple constructional adaptations. The influence of L1 figurative competence needs to be determined in combination with L2 skills. Pedagogically, the findings call attention to the factors that cause comprehension difficulty to deal with the flexible use of L2 figurative language.
The Incidence of Plasmodium Falciparum and Salmonella Typhii as Co-Infection among Residents of Idiroko, Ipokia Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Daini Tolulope G. , Solesi Obafemi A. , Adetoyi Helen N. , Solaja Olatunde O. , Abiodun AbiodunS.
Published: January 2023

This study assessed the incidence of malaria and typhoid infection among adult residents in Idirokotaking from October 2020-October 2021. The study used retrospective analyses of relevant information indicating malaria and typhoid infections among adult residents in Idiroko at the health information department of the state hospital, Idiroko, Ogun State. The data were analyzed statistically and the empirical values were represented. One thousand and eight hundred and ten cases of incidence of malaria, typhoid and their co-infection were extracted for the study, 601(33.2%) cases indicated for malaria only, 433(23.9%) cases for typhoid only and 776 (42.9%) cases had an incidence of malaria and typhoid as co-infections. There is no significant association between increasing age and positivity to the malaria parasite in this study. Female respondents 341(18.8%) were more infected with malaria parasite than the males 260(14.4%) as elucidated by the study. Although the difference observed was not statistically significant. A high prevalence (24%) of Salmonella typhi infections was recorded and the study showed an infection rate was higher in females 322(17.6%) than males 111(6.1%). In comparison, malaria and typhoid as co-infection were higher in females 539(29.8%) than males 237(13.1%). In conclusion, the incidence of malaria and typhoid infection and, co-infection among the adult residents in the Idiroko area of Ogun State is significantly high. To reduce the incidence of typhoid fever and malaria as co-infection, it is necessary to discourage people from taking junk food, maintain adequate personal, and environmental sanitation and prevent mosquito bites through the use of the medicated net.
EFEKTIVITAS MEDIA FOTO BERIORIENTASI KEHIDUPAN SOSIAL DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MENULIS TEKS PERSUASIF PADA SMA NEGERI 1 LAWE BULAN TAHUN PEMBELAJARAN 2021/2022
Authors: Ainul Mardiah  , James Marudut  , Irfan Johari
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Efektivitas Media Foto Beriorientasi Kehidupan Sosial Dalam Pembelajaran Menulis Teks Persuasif Pada SMA Negeri 1 Lawe Bulan Tahun Pembelajaran 2021/2022. Jumlah Informan dalam penelitian ini siswa 21 yaitu kelas X IPA . Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan yang telah diuraikan pada bab terdahulu maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa Peningkatan Keterampilan Menulis Teks Persuasif Melalui Foto Berorientasi Kehidupan Sosial Oleh Siswa Kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Lawe Bulan Tahun Pembelajaran 2021/2022. Hal itu terbukti dari nilai rata-rata tes awal Efektivitas Pembelajaran Menulis Teks Persuasifsiswa adalah sebesar 60.62 dengan standar deviasinya sebesar 7.61 dan mengalami peningkatan nilai hasil tes akhirnya dengan nilai rata-ratanya sebesar 81.57 dengan standar deviasinya sebesar 5.83 Berdasarkan data hasil tes awal dan tes akhir siswa tersebut dan jika dikaitkan dengan nilai KKM bahasa Indonesia untuk  SMA  sebesar 75, maka Efektivitas Pembelajaran Menulis Teks Persuasif untuk tes akhir siswa termasuk dalam Kemampuan baik. Selain itu, pada nilai tobservasi > ttabel yakni 9.79 > 2,08 maka dengan demikian dari hasil pengujian hipotesis di atas diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa ada Efektivitas Keterampilan Menulis Teks Persuasif Melalui Foto Berorientasi Kehidupan Sosial Oleh Siswa Kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Lawe Bulan Tahun Pembelajaran 2021/2022
Społeczeństwo w wojsku, wojsko w społeczeństwie w XIX i XX wieku. Relacje i procesy w ujęciu interdyscyplinarnym. Tom II
Authors: Orłowski Paweł , Kruszyński Marcin , Bogusz Dariusz
Published: January 2023

Military history deserves a spectacular momentum. When we combine them with social history in an interdisciplinary way, we get a unique research space. Between the army and society, especially in the 19th and 20th centuries, a specific habitus1 developed, with a wide range of various categorizations. This is an area that includes identity situations of Poles, the constitutive experience of the memory of heroism and sacrifice, national subjectivity, cultural or economic modernization, ethical values, the primary political sense related to the defense, maintenance or regaining of independence, etc. Having an army is tantamount to the real presence of the state. The lack of it, in consequence, grows to the size of a trauma that cannot be relativized. Readers receive the next, second volume, concerning the analysis of the position of the army, presented in terms of a transmission belt with the society. With this book, we want to further encourage this type of issue, interest a wide audience in it, show its vitality, rank, and scientific exploitation potential.
Diabetes characteristics and long-term management needs in diabetic TB patients
Authors: Koesoemadinata R. C. , McAllister S. M. , Soetedjo N. N. M. , Santoso P. , Dewi N. F. , Permana H. , Ruslami R. , Alisjahbana B. , Critchley J. A. , Dockrell H. M. , Hill P. C. , van Crevel R.
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is common among patients with TB. We assessed DM characteristics and long-term needs of DM-TB patients after completing TB treatment.METHODS: Newly diagnosed TB patients with DM were recruited for screening in a randomised clinical
trial evaluating a simple algorithm to improve glycaemic control during TB treatment. DM characteristics, lifestyle and medication were compared before and after TB treatment and 6 months later. Risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), albuminuria and neuropathy were assessed after TB treatment.RESULTS:
Of 218 TB-DM patients identified, 170 (78%) were followed up. Half were males, the mean age was 53 years, 26.5% were newly diagnosed DM. High glycated haemoglobin at TB diagnosis (median 11.2%) decreased during TB treatment (to 7.4% with intensified management and 8.4% with standard care),
but this effect was lost 6 months later (9.3%). Hypertension and dyslipidemia contributed to a high 10-year CVD risk (32.9% at month 6 and 35.5% at month 12). Neuropathy (33.8%) and albuminuria (61.3%) were common. After TB treatment, few patients used CVD-mitigating drugs.CONCLUSION:
DM in TB-DM patients is characterised by poor glycaemic control, high CVD risk, and nephropathy. TB treatment provides opportunities for better DM management, but effort is needed to improve long-term care.
Therapeutic drug monitoring and TB treatment outcomes in patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Alkabab Y. , Warkentin J. , Cummins J. , Katz B. , Denison B. M. , Bartok A. , Khalil A. , Young L. R. , Timme E. , Peloquin C. A. , Ashkin D. , Houpt E. R. , Heysell S. K.
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) increases the risk of TB disease and poor treatment outcomes such as delayed sputum culture conversion due to inadequate drug exposure. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) has improved these outcomes in some settings.METHODS: To compare
treatment outcomes in programs with routine TDM vs. programs that did not use TDM, we conducted a retrospective study among people with DM and TB at health departments in four US states.RESULTS: A total of 170 patients were enrolled (73 patients in the non-TDM group and 97 patients
in the TDM group). Days to sputum culture conversion and total treatment duration were significantly shorter in the TDM group vs. the non-TDM group. In adjusted analyses, patients who underwent TDM were significantly more likely to achieve sputum culture conversion at 2 months (P =
0.007).CONCLUSION: TDM hastened microbiological cure from TB among people with DM and a high risk for poor treatment outcomes in the programmatic setting.
Diabetes mellitus is not a predictor of poor TB treatment outcomes
Authors: Baltas I. , Sturdy A. , Kavallieros K. , McGregor A. , Corrah T. , John L. , Cooke G. , Whittington A. M.
Published: January 2023

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether diabetes mellitus (DM) influences TB treatment outcomes.METHODS: This was a retrospective observational cohort study of all notified TB cases from a large London TB centre over a 5-year period. WHO criteria were used to define TB treatment
outcomes.RESULTS: The prevalence of DM at TB treatment initiation was 15% (126/838). Most patients (83.3%, 105/126) were on hypoglycaemic treatment and well-controlled (median glycated haemoglobin 53.5 mmol/mol). DM patients were older, more likely to be of Asian ethnicity and had
a higher pre-treatment weight. Time from presentation to treatment initiation was longer (median 87.5 vs. 63 days; P < 0.001), while they were significantly more comorbid (median Charlson Comorbidity Index 3 vs. 0; P < 0.001). Overall, favourable treatment outcomes were
recorded for 89.5% of patients (87.7% vs. 89.8% for DM and non-DM patients respectively, P = 0.52). In multivariable analysis, DM was not associated with unfavourable TB treatment outcomes (OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.23–1.04, P = 0.06). Independent predictors of unfavourable outcome
included age, cavitation, chronic neurological disease and malignant neoplasm.CONCLUSIONS: In a well-resourced setting, with predominantly well-controlled DM patients on treatment, DM was not an independent predictor of unfavourable TB treatment outcomes.
Complete blood count in the elderly vs. selected biochemical parameters associated with inflammation. Results of PolSenior2 study
Authors: Lewandowski Krszysztof , Wyszomirski Adam , Wierucki Łukasz , Solnica Bogdan , Zdrojewski Tomasz
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Complete blood counts provide a lot of valuable information about the health condition. As the value of individual morphological parameters depends on many factors, the interpretation of the test result should be carried out taking into account clinical data and the results of other laboratory tests. Inflammation activates mechanisms that affect the amount of blood cells produced. Deviations in blood level of inflammatory markers (such as C-reactive protein (CRP), transferrin) and iron, may account hematological abnormalities.
Aim: The assessment of the relationship between the examinated biochemical parameters and changes in selected hematological parameters.
Material and methods: This analysis was based on laboratory data from 5623 participants of the nationwide PolSenior2 study, assessing the health of Poles over 60 years of age.
Results: It was shown that in the study population with age, the concentrations of CRP, iron and transferrin change. Concentration of iron correlates positively with the concentration of transferrin, and negatively with CRP. It has been found that the incidence of anemia increases with age. Higher CRP levels and lower iron and transferrin levels were more frequently observed in the anemic group. Changes in the analyzed biochemical parameters correlated with a change (decrease or increase) in the red blood cell indices, the majority of leukocyte subpopulations and platelets.
Conclusions: The analysis shows that inflammation, as expressed by changes in the concentrations of related biochemical parameters, can affect blood morphology. Therefore, when assessing abnormalities in blood morphology, the results of other laboratory assays, including biochemical markers associated with inflammation, should be taken into account.