bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP IBU HAMIL DENGAN KEJADIAN KEHAMILAN RESIKO TINGGI DI PUSKESMAS PURWOYOSO KOTA SEMARANG
Authors: Kusumastuti Mirtaria , Rochmayani Dewi Sari , Zulaika Chusnul
Published: March 2019

Kehamilan yang resiko tinggi akan menghadapi berbagai permasalahan yang dapat mengganggu proses persalinan. Data dari SDKI 2012 AKI di Indonesia adalah 359/ 100.000 kelahiran hidup. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini untuk mengetahui apakah ada hubungan pengetahuan dan sikap ibu hamil dengan kejadian kehamilan resiko tinggi di Puskesmas Purwoyoso Kota Semarang.Jenis penelitian ini studi kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian non experimental, dan tergolong dalam penelitian observasional survey. Populasi dalam penelitian ini sejumlah 50 ibu hamil. Sampel penelitian ini total populasi. Analisa data dengan analisis univariat dan analisis bivariat dengan menggunakan analisis tabulasi silang.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat pengetahuan cukup (48 %), sikap responden yang setuju dalam memeriksakan kehamilannya (32%). Hasil uji korelasi spearman rank menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan antara pengetahuan ibu hamil dengan kejadian kehamilan resiko tinggi (rs = - 0,06 dan p = 0,965), dan ada hubungan sikap ibu hamil dalam memeriksakan kehamilan dengan kejadian kehamilan resiko tinggi (rs = 0,339 dan p = 0,016). Perlu penelitian lebih lanjut dengan metode kualitatif tentang pengetahuan dan sikap ibu hamil terhadap kejadian kehamilan resiko tinggi agar dapat diungkap informasi yang lebih lengkap dan komprehensif.Kata Kunci : pengetahuan, sikap, kehamilan resiko tinggi RELATED KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE OF PREGNANT WITH HIGH RISK PREGNANCY INCIDENCE HEALTH IN PURWOYOSO SEMARANGHigh-risk pregnancies will encounter various problems that can interfere with the childbirth process. SDKI 2012 MMR in Indonesia is 359 / 100,000 live births. The goal in this study to determine whether there is a relationship of knowledge and attitude of pregnant with high risk pregnancy incidence Health in Purwoyoso Semarang.This type of research is a quantitative study with a non-experimental research design, and classified in observational research survey. The population in this study a number of 50 pregnant. The research sample is total population. Analysis of the data by univariate and bivariate analysis using cross tabulation analysis.The results showed sufficient level of knowledge (48%), the attitude of the respondents who agreed in checkups (32%). Spearman rank correlation test results showed no correlation between knowledge of pregnant with high risk pregnancy incidence (rs = - 0.06 and p = 0.965), and there is a relationship attitude of pregnant in antenatal with the incidence of high-risk pregnancies (rs = 0.339 and p = 0.016). Further studies with a qualitative method of knowledge and attitude of pregnant on the incidence of high risk pregnancy that can be brought to more complete information and comprehensive.Keywords: knowledge, attitude, high risk pregnancy
FAKTOR PENYEBAB ARTEFAK PADA HASIL RADIOGRAF (SOFT COPY) COMPUTED RADIOGRADPHY DI RSUP. DR.SOERADJI TIRTONEGORO KLATEN
Authors: Sari Ayu Wita , Ly Fad
Published: March 2019

Computed radiogradphy digunakan sebagai modalitas baru dalam pembuatan diagnosa dengan banyak memberikan keunggulan dibandingkan radiografi konvensional. Computed radiogradphy menghasilkan artefak yang berbeda dari radiografi konvensional. Artefak dihasilkan dari berbagai model perangkat computed radiogradphy seperti imaging plate, kaset, elektro optik sebuah sistem untuk mengembangkan citra, sedangkan komputer algoritma digunakan untuk memproses gambar laten dan perangkat output hard copy. Semua komponen ini dapat menjadi sumber artefak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor penyebab artefak dan faktor penyebab artefak terbesar pada hasil radiograf (soft copy) computed radiogradphy di instalasi Radiologi RSUP Dr. Soeradji Tirtonegoro Klaten. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu studi kasus dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Data diperoleh dengan melakukan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi mengenai faktor penyebab artefak pada hasil radiograf softcopy computed radiogradphy di Instalasi Radiologi RSUP Dr. Soeradji Tirtonegoro Klaten. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa faktor penyebab artefak pada hasil radiograf softcopy computed radiogradphy disebabkan oleh dua faktor yaitu faktor imaging plate dan kesalahan penggunaan grid. Sedangkan artefak terbesar dikarenakan faktor kesalahan penggunaan grid yaitu sebesar 82%.Kata Kunci : artefak, radiograf softcopy, computed radiogradphy THE CAUSE OF ARTIFACTS IN THE COMPUTED RADIOGRAPHY (SOFTCOPY) RESULT IN RSUP DR. SOERADJI TIRTONEGORO KLATENComputed radiology is used as a new technology in diagnosing by giving some advantages than conventional radiography. Computed radiology produces the different artifacts than the conventional one. The artifacts are produced by some models of computed radiography such as imaging plate, cassette,electrical optic, is a system to improve the images, however computer algorithm is used in processing laten images, and hard copy. All of components are the source of artifact. The purpose of this research is to know the cause of artifacts and the biggest factor of artifact in the soft copy of computed radiology result in Radiology Instalation RSUP Dr. SoeradjiTirtonegoroKlaten. The methodology of the research is case study in qualitative approach.  The data is produced by observation, interview, and documentation about the cause of artifacts in computed radiology soft copy result in Radiology Instalation of RSUP Dr. SoeradjiTirtonegoroKlaten. The result of the research is explaining that the cause of the artifacts in the computed radiology softcopy result is caused by two factors, they are imaging plate and the faults of the grid using. However the biggest artifact is caused by the fault of the grid using, it is 82 %.Key words: artifact, radiology softcopy, computed radiology
Yoğun bakım ünitesinde akut intoksikasyon vakalarının incelenmesi
Authors: YEŞİLER Fatma İrem , ŞENDUR Ümit Gökhan , İNAN DEMİROĞLU Gamze
Published: March 2019

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, periferde yer alan
yeni kurulan erişkin yoğun bakım ünitesinde (YBÜ) bir yıl içerisinde takip
edilen zehirlenme vakalarının demografik ve etiyolojik özelliklerini, yoğun
bakım kalış sürelerini retrospektif olarak sunmayı amaçladık.

Gereç
ve Yöntem: Çalışmamızda 1
Ocak 2017- 31 Aralık 2017 tarihleri arasında YBÜ’ ye kabul edilen 44 akut zehirlenme
olgusunun yaş, cinsiyet dağılımları, zehirlenme nedenleri, komplikasyonları,
yoğun bakım- hastane kalış süreleri ve sağkalım durumları retrospektif olarak
değerlendirildi. 

Bulgular: On beşi erkek, 44 erişkin hasta
retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Hastaların yaş ortalaması
28.07±10.2 idi. Hastaların %84’ nün suisid amaçlı ilaç ve/veya kimyasal madde
aldıkları, %13.6’ sının yanlışlıkla veya kaza sonucu, 1 hastanın ise aşırı
alıma bağlı maruziyetinin olduğu saptandı. Hastaların %59.1’ i medikal ilaç
intoksikasyonu, %11.4’ ü tarım ilacı, %9.1’i fare zehiri gibi nedenlerden
dolayı akut intoksikasyon tanısı ile YBÜ’ne kabul edildi. Üç hastada (%6.8)
karaciğer fonkiyon testlerinde artış ve nörolojik tutulum, 1 hastada ise koagülopati
saptandı. Vakaların YBÜ’ de ortalama yatış süresi 2.5±0.95 gündü. İntoksikayona
bağlı ölüm gözlenmedi.

Sonuç: Akut intoksikasyon vakaları
ciddi bir klinik tablo oluşturabileceği için YBÜ’ de takip edilmesi gereken
hasta grubudur. Bu hastalarda toksikasyona neden olabilecek ilaç ve maddeler en
kısa sürede saptanmalı, oluşabilecek yan etkilere karşı dikkatli olunmalı ve
hızlıca tedaviye başlanmalıdır.
Perbandingan Gambaran Foto Toraks Pasien TB-HIV Dua dan Enam Bulan Pengobatan Anti-Tuberkulosis + Anti-Retroviral
Authors: Hidayat Edi Yanuarto , Zulqarnain Nasirun , Sofro Muchlis Achsan Udji
Published: March 2019

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health issues and mostly located in developing countries. As cases of HIV/AIDS increase every year, it is estimated that TB cases also increase. TB is the leading cause of death in people with HIV and HIV infection, and became the biggest risk factor in the conversion of latent TB cases to become active TB. Radiographic manifestation of TB in AIDS patients depends on antiretroviral therapy (ART).Materials and Methods: This is an observational study which compares 2 and 6 months chest radiographs from TB-HIV patients with anti-TB drugs+ART in 24 adults patients with TB-HIV in the Internal Medicine Polyclinic and Ward at Dr. Kariadi Hospital and BKPM Semarang.Result: Most patients were male with 19 subjects (79.2%). The large stage group based on the proportion of AIDS cases is 20-29 years (45.84%). After 6 months of anti-TB drugs+ART there were radiographic improvement in consolidation, cavitation, lymphadenopathy and pleural e?usion. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test showed signifcant changes in consolidation and lymphadenopathy between 2 and 6 months of anti-TB drugs+ART, but no signifcant changes in cavity and pleural e?usion.Discussion: At 6 months chest radiographs examination, not all patients with anti-TB drugs+ART show radiographic improvement. Therefore, the decision to stop TB therapy in HIV patients in 6 months time seems inadequate.Conclusion: There are signifcant change between 2 and 6 months of anti-TB drugs+ART with radiographic improvement are consolidation and lymphadenopathy.
Limfoma Non-Hodgkin Primer Vertebra Torakalis dengan Kompresi Progresif Medula Spinalis
Authors: Setyawan Nurhuda Hendra , Choridah Lina , Supriatna Yana
Published: March 2019

Primary vertebral of non-hodgkin lymphoma presented without systemic involvement is extremely rare. Bone is only 1% found as the primary origin of lymphoma. Primary vertebral location is only 1.7% of all primary bone lymphomas. The tumor grows insidiously and may reach considerable size and clinical consequence prior to diagnosis. When the tumor compresses or infltrates the spinal cord, the symptoms may be rapidly progressive, and proper surgical treatment may be needed to preserve function and to maintain the quality of life.We reported a 70-year-old man presented with progressive lower extremities weakness and numbness, back pain, and incontinentia alvi for the last six months. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated T1 and T2 hypointense mass that destructed 10th thoracic vertebral body, right laminae, and right pedicle. The mass compressed spinal canal and spinal cord. Histopathological analysis from open biopsy revealed a non-hodgkin lymphoma of the 10th thoracic vertebra.Isolated primary bony lymphoma of the spine is a very rare occasion. In our case, the initial complaints may be the result of progressive spinal cord compression. Thus, radiologists have to be familiar with imaging fndings of various spinal tumors that can cause spinal cord compression.
Gambaran Priapism pada USG Doppler
Authors: Haryuni Indri , Sudarmanta Sudarmanta
Published: March 2019

Priapism is a penile erection that lasts 4 hours or longer and is not associated with sexual activity. Identifcation of priapism is important because it requires treatment in time as soon as possible, especially for the low-?ow priapism/ischemic subgroups. Handling too late may lead to persisting erectile dysfunction as a result of irreversible corporal fbrosis. Therefore, the accurate radiology diagnosis is required to get adequate treatment. Penile Doppler ultrasound is the frst examination to distinguish the hemodynamic abnormalities in the penis of the in?ow and out?ow vessels.Some of the parameters used to measure penile arterial blood ?ow is peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV) and resistive index (RI). Among the index, PSV is the most frequently used parameters. Priapism is classifed into ischemic and non-ischemic. At low ?ow ischemic priapism, venous out?ow is not visible on cavernosography and pulsation was not palpable. In ischemic priapism, Doppler ultrasound is useful for the identifcation of arterial ?ow cavernosal (no ?ow is suspected as cavernosal infarction), identifcation of variants of ischemic priapism that there is still high ?ow (often > 1-2 m/s) with high resistance (i.e non-perfusing). At low ?ow priapism there is a stasis of blood in the corpora cavernosa resulting in low pO2 and higher pCO2. The pH of the corporeal blood drops below 7.0 (acidosis). Erection then becomes painful and may progress to irreversible corporal fbrosis. Pain arising from tissue hypoxia and acidosis. It required immediate intervention therapy with irrigation and aspiration of corporal blood of150 - 200 ml. On color-?ow duplex sonography, non-ischemic high-?ow priapism shows high arterial in?ow and venous out?ow cavernosography showed normal. pH rises above 7.0. Color-?ow duplex sonography is a non-invasive examination compared to cavernosography.
Korelasi Indeks Massa Tubuh dengan Velositas Vena Femoralis
Authors: Adha Huda El , Sudarmanta Sudarmanta , Supriatna Yana
Published: March 2019

Background: Overweight and accumulation of abdominal fat is highly correlated with decreased of femoral vein velocity that contribute to increased risk of vein thromboembolism.Objectives: The aim of this study was to correlate body mass index (BMI) with femoral vein velocity.Material and Method: This study is a correlation analytic study with cross-sectional design in subject with BMI ? 18,5 kg/m2. BMI, waist hip ratio (WHR) and femoral vein velocity were assessed.Results: There were 40 subjects in this study, comprised of 25 (62,5%) men and 15 (37,5%) women, 23 to 49 year old. Spearman correlation revealed a signifcant inverse correlation between BMI and femoral vein velocity (r = -0,896, p = <0,001), between WHR and femoral vein velocity (r = -0,701, p = <0,001), and also revealed a signifcant positive correlation between BMI and WHR (r = 0,845 , p = <0,001).Conclusion: BMI had a signifcant inverse correlation with femoral vein velocity, these fndings are supported by the signifcant positive correlation between BMI and WHR, potentially leading to elevated risk for venous thromboembolism.
Identifikasi Risiko dan Pencegahan Terhadap Nefropati Akibat Kontras
Authors: Wijaya Andre Tjie , Atmadja Budiawan
Published: March 2019

The increase of application of iodinated contrast medium in diagnostic practice, combined with the increase of renal insufciency patients and elderly resulted in increasing incidency of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). The use of iodinated contrast medium need a careful assessment between risk and beneft, especially in patients with history of renal disease and elderly.  Assessment of renal function is based on glomerular fltration rate, not serum creatinine. Avoidance of iodinated contrast medium is the frst step to prevent the development of CIN. Consideration of alternative imaging is important. But, if iodinated contrast medium is needed, volume expansion intravenous before and after administration is the next acknowledged prevention step.
Geology of Media and new materialism interview
Authors: Parikka Jussi
Published: March 2019

A post print, published interview. An interview on media materialism, geophysics of media, the new book A Geology of Media. Published in the inaugural issue of the new journal Digital Culture & Society. Shared with permission.
Experiencia de abuso sexual en la infancia desde la perspectiva del desarrollo moral
Authors: Oliveras Maria
Published: March 2019

En este artículo se considera un caso de terapia de abusos sexuales en la infancia, a la luz del Modelo del Desarrollo Moral. La perspectiva del Desarrollo Moral permite comprender la transversalidad de la falta de una estructura volitiva y enfocar la dirección del trabajo a la construcción de la voluntad como elemento reparador del abuso y de sus consecuencias.
The (Evolving) Vineyard’s Age Structure in the Valencian Community, Spain: A New Demographic Approach for Rural Development and Landscape Analysis
Authors: Zambon Ilaria , Cerdà Artemi , Cividino Sirio , Salvati Luca
Published: March 2019

Vineyards have assumed a key role as rural landmarks in recent decades. Investigating vineyard dynamics and contexts may reveal various economic, cultural, and environmental aspects of rural landscapes, which can be linked to land-use changes and major soil degradation processes, including soil erosion. As a contribution to rural landscape studies, the purpose of this work is to investigate the spatial distribution of vineyard plots in the Valencian community, located in the eastern area of the Iberian Peninsula, focusing on the final product, the type of vineyard and how long each vineyard has been settled over time. The work provides a comprehensive analysis of a wine-growing landscape, considering strategic (spatial) assets in present and past times. Vineyards were interpreted as a distinctive landmarks that give value to local economies; basic knowledge of how long different types of wine plots have been present in the Valencian community is useful when estimating their degree of sustainability and formulating suggestions, policies, and strategies to prevent processes of landscape degradation at various spatial scales.
Competitiveness of Agricultural Products in the Eurasian Economic Union
Authors: Maslova Vlada , Zaruk Natalya , Fuchs Clemens , Avdeev Mikhail
Published: March 2019

This article discusses the outcomes of a quantitative analysis using econometric panel data models of the competitiveness of grains in the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). The analysis was based on the public authorities’ statistics of EAEU countries as well as the United Nations Comtrade Database, which is a repository of official international trade statistics. The results of the analysis allowed us to assess the level of competitiveness of the agricultural products produced in EAEU countries and to determine the extent to which various factors affect the competitiveness. The research conclusions can be used to develop and adjust the agricultural policy in the EAEU.
A Method for a Fast Evaluation of the Biostimulant Potential of Different Natural Extracts for Promoting Growth or Tolerance against Abiotic Stress
Authors: Saporta Rubén , Bou Claudia , Frías Victor , Mulet José M.
Published: March 2019

Under adverse environmental conditions, biostimulants can help crops withstand abiotic stress while increasing productivity. We have designed a sequential system based on two different biological model organisms—the baker’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the plant Arabidopsis thaliana—to evaluate the potential as biostimulants of a battery of 11 different natural extracts on a blind-test basis. Firstly, yeast assays consist in a drop test in solid medium, and a BioScreen® test with liquid cultures. The method is completed with two plant assays to assess effects on germination and growth. The designed method provided relevant data on the ability of each extract to promote biomass accumulation under normal conditions and in the presence of abiotic stresses, such as drought, salinity, or cold. Besides, this laboratory-based method allowed to assess the potential toxicity or unsuspected deleterious effect of each extract in a short period of time (six months) with low budget and space requirements. We could also test the effects of the biostimulants during germination, vegetative, and reproductive growth, under normal and stressed conditions. As each product is tested on different organisms at different developmental stages, we could get some preliminary information on the mode of action. This method enables a fast screen of many different products, in order to select potential candidates to be marketed as biostimulants, avoiding long and expensive field tests with previously uncharacterized products.
Organic Food Consumers and Purchase Intention: A Case Study in Romania
Authors: Chiciudean Gabriela O. , Harun Rezhen , Ilea Marioara , Chiciudean Daniel I. , Arion Felix H. , Ilies Garofita , Muresan Iulia C.
Published: March 2019

Organic farming has become an important alternative to conventional farming, mostly because of environmental sustainability issues, and has long-term positive benefits over soil, water, air and climate change, biodiversity, prohibiting the use of genetically modified organisms, and encouraging the development of ecological services. In Romania, the organic food market follows a positive trend, although the consumption rate is still very low compared to the European Union; therefore, it is necessary to identify the main barriers in consumption but also the factors influencing the increase in demand for this category of food products. In order to accomplish these objectives, a survey based on a questionnaire was conducted in the North-West Development Region of Romania, the second most important Romanian region from an economic development perspective. Five hundred and sixty-eight questionnaires were distributed in 2016. The collected data were danalyzed using descriptive statistics and principal component analysis. The results indicated that the most important barrier in consumption was price, followed by perishability and availability. High prices, mistrust, and lack of proper promotion for organic food are the influencing factors for organic food.
Effect of Heat Stress and Stocking Density on Growth Performance, Breast Meat Quality, and Intestinal Barrier Function in Broiler Chickens
Authors: Goo Doyun , Kim Jong Hyuk , Park Geun Hyeon , Delos Reyes Jomari Badillo , Kil Dong Yong
Published: March 2019

The present experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of heat stress (HS) and stocking density (SD) on growth performance, breast meat quality, and intestinal barrier function in broiler chickens. Experimental treatments included two different ambient temperatures (20 °C: thermoneutral conditions, or 27.8 °C: HS conditions) and two different SD (low: 9 birds/m2 and high: 18 birds/m2) in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. A total of 1140 21-day-old broiler chickens were allotted 1 of 4 treatments with five replicates. At the end of the experiment (35 days of age), two birds per replicate were euthanized for sample collections. The results indicated no interactions between HS and SD for all measurements. For main effects, HS decreased (p < 0.05) the growth performance of broiler chickens. Similarly, high SD also decreased (p < 0.05) body weight gain and feed intake. HS decreased (p < 0.01) jejunal trans-epithelial electric resistance (TER), whereas high SD did not affect TER. Neither HS nor high SD affected jejunal tight junction-related gene expressions; however, high SD reduced (p < 0.05) occludin expression. In conclusion, HS and high SD are key environmental factors decreasing broiler performance; however, the interactive effects of HS and high SD are not significant under the current conditions.
Methods for Sampling Biogas and Biomethane on Adsorbent Tubes after Collection in Gas Bags
Authors: Arrhenius Karine , Fischer Andreas , Büker Oliver
Published: March 2019

Biogas is a renewable energy source with many different production pathways and numerous excellent opportunities for use; for example, as vehicle fuel after upgrading (biomethane). Reliable analytical methodologies for assessing the quality of the gas are critical for ensuring that the gas can be used technically and safely. An essential part of any procedure aimed at determining the quality is the sampling and transfer to the laboratory. Sampling bags and sorbent tubes are widely used for collecting biogas. In this study, we have combined these two methods, i.e., sampling in a gas bag before subsequent sampling onto tubes in order to demonstrate that this alternative can help eliminate the disadvantages associated with the two methods whilst combining their advantages; with expected longer storage stability as well as easier sampling and transport. The results of the study show that two parameters need to be taken into account when transferring gas from a bag on to an adsorbent; the water content of the gas and the flow rate used during transfer of the gas on to the adsorbent.
Quantitative Reconstruction of Absorption Coefficients for Photoacoustic Tomography
Authors: Liu Yang , Sun Mingjian , Liu Ting , Ma Yiming , Hu Depeng , Li Chao , Feng Naizhang
Published: March 2019

Photoacoustic (PA) tomography (PAT) is a cutting-edge imaging modality for visualizing the internal structure and light-absorption distribution in tissue. However, reconstruction of the absorption distribution has been limited by nonuniform light fluence. This paper introduces a novel method for quantitative reconstruction of the distribution of optical absorption coefficients in tissue. In this method, we implement an iterative algorithm for recovering absorption coefficients from optical absorbed energy maps based on a 3D Monte Carlo simulation of light transport and integrated with fluence compensation to obtain the initialization parameters. In the iteration algorithm, we calculate the deviation between the detected and the computed absorbed energy distribution at each iteration. By minimizing the deviation in the absorbed energy, the recovered values converge to the true absorption distribution. The results of numerical simulation and phantom experiment theoretically and experimentally demonstrate that the proposed method performs an accurately quantitative estimate of the distribution of optical absorption coefficients. This work expects to provide accurate quantitative information for absorbers within tissues or organs, and thereby broaden the clinical applications of PAT.
Monitoring of Thermal Aging of Aluminum Alloy via Nonlinear Propagation of Acoustic Pulses Generated and Detected by Lasers
Authors: Li Mengmeng , Lomonosov Alexey M. , Shen Zhonghua , Seo Hogeon , Jhang Kyung-Young , Gusev Vitalyi E. , Ni Chenyin
Published: March 2019

Nonlinear acoustic techniques are established tools for the characterization of micro-inhomogeneous materials with higher sensitivity, compared to linear ultrasonic techniques. In particular, the evaluation of material elastic quadratic nonlinearity via the detection of the second harmonic generation by acoustic waves is known to provide an assessment of the state variation of heat treated micro-structured materials. We report on the first application for non-destructive diagnostics of material thermal aging of finite-amplitude longitudinal acoustic pulses generated and detected by lasers. Finite-amplitude longitudinal pulses were launched in aluminum alloy samples by deposited liquid-suspended carbon particles layer irradiated by a nanosecond laser source. An out-of-plane displacement at the epicenter of the opposite sample surface was measured by an interferometer. This laser ultrasonic technique provided an opportunity to study the propagation in aluminum alloys of finite-amplitude acoustic pulses with a strain up to 5 × 10−3. The experiments revealed a signature of the hysteretic quadratic nonlinearity of micro-structured material manifested in an increase of the duration of detected acoustic pulses with an increase of their amplitude. The parameter of the hysteretic quadratic nonlinearity of the aluminum alloy (Al6061) was found to be of the order of 100 and to exhibit more than 50% variations in the process of the alloy thermal aging. By comparing the measured parameter of the hysteretic quadratic nonlinearity in aluminum alloys that were subjected to heat-treatment at 220 °C for different times (0 min, 20 min, 40 min, 1 h, 2 h, 10 h, 100 h, and 1000 h), with measurements of yield strength in same samples, it was established that the extrema in the dependence of the hysteretic nonlinearity and of the yield strength of this alloy on heat treatment time are correlated. This experimental observation provides the background for future research with the application goal of suggested nonlinear laser ultrasonic techniques for non-destructive evaluation of alloys’ strength and rigidity in the process of their heat treatment.
An Integrated FTA-FMEA Model for Risk Analysis of Engineering Systems: A Case Study of Subsea Blowout Preventers
Authors: Shafiee Mahmood , Enjema Evenye , Kolios Athanasios
Published: March 2019

Engineering systems such as energy production facilities, aviation systems, maritime vessels, etc. continue to grow in size and complexity. This growth has made the identification, quantification and mitigation of risks associated with the failure of such systems so complicated. To solve this problem, several advanced techniques such as Fault Tree Analysis (FTA), Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA), Reliability-Block Diagram (RBD), Reliability-Centered Maintenance (RCM), Monte-Carlo Simulation (MCS), Markov Analysis (MA) and Bayesian Networks (BN) have been developed in the literature. In order to improve the strengths and eliminate the drawbacks of classical techniques, some hybrid models have been recently developed. In this paper, an integrated FTA and FMEA model is proposed for risk analysis of safety-critical systems. Minimal cut sets derived from the fault trees are weighted based on Birnbaum’s measure of importance and then the weights are used to revise Risk Priority Numbers (RPNs) obtained from the use of traditional FMEA techniques. The proposed model is applied to a Blowout Preventer (BOP) system operating under erratic and extreme conditions in a subsea oil and gas field. Though those failures caused by kill valves and hydraulic lines remain among the top risks in the BOP system, significant differences are revealed in risk rankings when the results from the hybrid approach are compared with those obtained from the classical risk analysis methods.
Filtering of Mammograms Based on Convolution with Directional Fractal Masks to Enhance Microcalcifications
Authors: Sanchez-Montero Rocio , Martinez-Rojas Juan-Antonio , Lopez-Espi Pablo-Luis , Nuñez-Martin Luis , Diez-Jimenez Efren
Published: March 2019

The image processing of mammograms is very important for the early detection of breast pathologies, including cancer. This paper proposes a new technique based on directional fractal filtering for detecting microcalcification clusters or irregularly shaped microcalcifications. The proposed algorithm has two parts: a preprocessing step for detecting and locating microcalcification; and a second zooming, enhancement, and segmentation step. Detection is performed by image convolution using a set of masks with interesting fractal properties. Combined with other simple mathematical operations, remarkable contrast enhancement and segmentation are produced. The final result permits the clear delineation of the shape of individual microcalcifications. A comparison is made with other microcalcification enhancement techniques described in the literature.
Experimental Investigations on the Progressive Failure Characteristics of a Sandwiched Coal-Rock System Under Uniaxial Compression
Authors: Bai Jinwen , Feng Guorui , Wang Zehua , Wang Shangyong , Qi Tingye , Wang Pengfei
Published: March 2019

Overlapped residual coal pillars, together with the surrounding rock strata, play a combined bearing role in ultra-close multiple seam mining. Global stability of the whole bearing system is significant for the mining design, construction, and operation. Laboratory uniaxial compressive experiments for different kinds of sandwiched coal-rock specimens are carried out to investigate the progressive failure characteristics and mechanisms. Results show that: (1) The mechanical behavior of the sandwiched coal-rock specimen is mainly divided into four stages during the failure process. The response of the electrical resistivity and the evolution of acoustic emission (AE) energy are in good agreement with the mechanical behaviors at different stages, which are a reflection of the global failure characteristics of sandwiched specimens. (2) The distribution of AE events and the development of local strain can provide further insight into the local failure characteristics of coal elements or rock elements in sandwiched specimens. AE events are more likely to be generated in coal elements, which can propagate across coal-rock interfaces and induce damage to rock elements in a certain area. Similarly, the unbalanced deformation characteristics of coal elements and rock elements are apparently revealed in the progressive failure process. (3) Progressive failure of a sandwiched coal-rock specimen is closely associated with the interactions between the coal elements and rock elements. Initial failure usually appears in the coal elements. At this process, the recovery of elastic deformation and the output of strain energy are observed in the rock elements, which can accelerate the rupture of coal elements. In turn, the dynamic fracture energy generated in the rupture process of coal elements can propagate into rock elements and induce damage to rock elements a certain area. (4) The experimental results are helpful for maintaining the long-term stability of a sandwiched coal-rock system in ultra-close multiple seam mining.
Analysis and Design of A PMQR-Type Repetitive Control Scheme for Grid-Connected H6 Inverters
Authors: Yang Xiaohui , Liu Peiyun , Xu Shaoping , Liu Shichao
Published: March 2019

There exist several challenges in the implementation of proportional multiple quasi-resonant (PMQR) control strategies in single-phase grid-connected H6 inverters, such as high computational costs and design complexity. To overcome these challenges, this paper proposes a proportional multiple quasi-resonant (PMQR)-type repetitive control (PMQR-type RC) scheme for single-phase grid-connected H6 inverters. In the control scheme, a repetitive controller and a proportional controller run in parallel. The repetitive controller is to improve the steady-state harmonics compensation ability, while the proportional controller can enhance the transient performance of the system. Both theoretical stability analysis and detailed design steps regarding the proposed control scheme are introduced. Finally, comparison results on a typical single-phase grid-connected H6 inverter with LC filter under a variety of control methods verify the capability of suppressing harmonics and the robust performance of the proposed control strategy against grid disturbances.
Seismic Response of High-Rise Buildings Equipped with Base Isolation and Non-Traditional Tuned Mass Dampers
Authors: Naderpour Hosein , Naji Naghmeh , Burkacki Daniel , Jankowski Robert
Published: March 2019

One of the methods in structural control is the application of combinational control systems in order to reduce the response of structures during earthquakes. The aim of the present paper is to verify the effectiveness of a hybrid control strategy, combining base isolation and non-traditional tuned mass dampers (TMDs) (i.e., TMDs with dashpots directly connected to the ground) in suppressing structural vibrations of high-rise buildings. The study was conducted for structures with a different number of stories exposed to various far-field and near-field earthquake records. Multi degree-of-freedom models of buildings as well as non-linear models of the base isolation system were employed in the analysis. The results of the study clearly confirmed that the response of high-rise buildings during earthquakes could be significantly reduced using base isolation devices and non-traditional TMDs. They showed also that the effectiveness in suppressing structural vibrations substantially depends on the type of the control system used. The influence of the base isolation in the reduction of structural response under different earthquake records was much larger than the influence of non-traditional TMDs. In the case of buildings analyzed in the study, the application of TMDs alone resulted in a reduction not larger than 20%, as compared to the response without any system. On the other hand, the response of buildings equipped with only base isolation devices was reduced by more than 70% under different ground motions. However, the largest reductions (larger than 80%) were obtained for the cases when both control systems (base isolation and non-traditional TMDs) were used simultaneously.
Optimization of Cyanidin-3-O-galactoside Production from Aronia melanocarpa Elliot from Nonthermal Ultrasonic Extraction Process by Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Lee Hyeon Yong
Published: March 2019

As a nonthermal process, ultrasonic extraction was optimized to obtain 13.21 mg/g of highly bioactive but extremely heat-sensitive cyanidin-3-O-galactoside (C3G) from Aronia melanocarpa Elliot under the following conditions; 75 kHz input frequency, 18.8 °C for the temperature, and 6.0 h process time. This yield was higher than 10.01 mg/g from a conventional juice extraction and was also higher than those from other reported sources. This concentration was proved to be very close to the predicted value of 13.70 mg/g from the quadratic model, with a regression coefficient of 0.969. This model also showed highly significant effects from changing frequency and time, and less significant effects from changing temperature. The extract from the optimized process showed 89.5% of higher DPPH radical scavenging activity than 71.3% from the conventional process. It was also found that the antioxidant activity of the extract was higher than that of using 13 µg/mL of C3G alone, possibly due to the synergistic effects of C3G with the other bioactive substances in the extract. Therefore, this optimized nonthermal process will be applied to obtain fairly high amounts of a thermally unstable and expensive C3G with fewer purification steps.
Pursuit and Expression of Japanese Beauty Using Technology
Authors: Tosa Naoko , Pang Yunian , Yang Qin , Nakatsu Ryohei
Published: March 2019

We have been working on the creation of media art, utilizing technologies. In this paper, we have focused on media art created based on the visualization of fluid behaviors. This area is named “fluid dynamics” and there has been a variety of research in this area. However, most of the visualization results of the fluid dynamics show only stable fluid behaviors and a lack of unstable or, in other words, unpredictable behaviors that would be significant in the creation of art. To create various unstable or unpredictable fluid behaviors, we have developed and introduced several new methods to control fluid behaviors and created two media arts called “Sound of Ikebana” and “Genesis”. Interestingly, people find and feel that there is Japanese beauty in these media arts, although they are created based on a natural phenomenon. This paper proposes the basic concept of media art based on the visualization of fluid dynamics and describes details of the methods that were developed by us to create unpredictable fluid dynamics-based phenomena. Also, we will discuss the relationship between Japanese beauty and physical phenomena represented by fluid dynamics.
Isoprene, Methyl Vinyl Ketone and Methacrolein from TROICA-12 Measurements and WRF-CHEM and GEOS-CHEM Simulations in the Far East Region
Authors: Safronov Alexander N. , Shtabkin Yury A. , Berezina Elena V. , Skorokhod Andrey I. , Rakitin Vadim S. , Belikov Igor B. , Elansky Nikolai F.
Published: March 2019

Spatial and temporal distributions of isoprene and its oxidation products, methyl vinyl ketone and methacrolein in the Far East region of Russia were investigated. The measurement data were obtained from a mobile laboratory, which moved along the Trans-Siberian railway and from WRF-CHEM (Weather Research and Forecasting Chemical Model) and GEOS-CHEM (Goddard Earth Observing System Chemical Model) simulations. During the simulations, the RACM-MIM and MOZART mechanisms, included in the mesoscale WRF-CHEM model, as well as the Caltech Isoprene Scheme (CIS), built in the global GEOS-CHEM model, have been used. We found that the temporal distribution of the measured isoprene is in good agreement with the simulations. The measured isoprene, methyl vinyl ketone (MVK) and methacrolein (MACR) concentrations demonstrate pronounced diurnal variations. The correlation between the measured isoprene and MVK + MACR was good (R ~ 0.60–0.86). However, the simulated correlation between MVK + MACR and isoprene is very low, with the data for the night-time and daytime values varying. The simulated MVK + MACR to isoprene ratio, in comparison with the experimental result, has pronounced diurnal variations. During twilight and the night-time, the simulated MVK + MACR to isoprene ratio is more than 10. We propose that, due to the validity of the kinetic equations only in the homogeneous system, all chemical and transport (CTM) models, based on these kinetic equations, are not able to show an adequate simulation at night in the weak mixing atmosphere, when the atmospheric structure becomes heterogeneous. At moderate latitudes, we recommend the use of the turbulent Damköhler number and the Kolmogorov Damköhler numbers, which characterize the limits of CTM applicability, as the quality flags at the air quality forecast simulations.
The Internal Multidecadal Variability of SST in the Pacific and Its Impact on Air Temperature and Rainfall over Land in the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Chen Hua , He Donglin , Zhu Zhiwei
Published: March 2019

Based on the centennial-scale observations and re-analyses, this paper employs the ensemble empirical mode decomposition to separate the internal multidecadal variability (IMV) from the externally-forced variability of sea surface temperature (SST), and then defines new indices that represent the IMV of SST in the North Pacific (NPIMV) and South Pacific (SPIMV), respectively. The spatial structure of NPIMV/SPIMV shows remarkably positive SST anomaly only in the index-defined region; meanwhile, the temporal evolutions of NPIMV and SPIMV are uncorrelated, indicating their independence of each other. Both NPIMV and SPIMV play a critical role in the near-surface air temperature and rainfall over land in the Northern hemisphere, especially in the season when their intensity is the strongest. It is through teleconnection wave trains that NPIMV and SPIMV exert influences on remote regions. Results from another two rainfall datasets are found to be consistent in the majority of the Northern hemisphere in response to NPIMV/SPIMV, yet disagreement exists in certain regions due to large uncertainties of rainfall datasets.
Euclidean Space Controllability Conditions for Singularly Perturbed Linear Systems with Multiple State and Control Delays
Authors: Glizer Valery Y.
Published: March 2019

A singularly perturbed linear time-dependent controlled system with multiple point-wise delays and distributed delays in the state and control variables is considered. The delays are small, of order of a small positive multiplier for a part of the derivatives in the system. This multiplier is a parameter of the singular perturbation. Two types of the considered singularly perturbed system, standard and nonstandard, are analyzed. For each type, two much simpler parameter-free subsystems (the slow and fast ones) are associated with the original system. It is established in the paper that proper kinds of controllability of the slow and fast subsystems yield the complete Euclidean space controllability of the original system for all sufficiently small values of the parameter of singular perturbation. Illustrative examples are presented.
Engineering Pathways in Central Carbon Metabolism Help to Increase Glycan Production and Improve N-Type Glycosylation of Recombinant Proteins in E. coli
Authors: Strutton Benjamin , Jaffe Stephen RP , Evans Caroline A , Fowler Gregory JS , Dobson Paul D , Pandhal Jagroop , Wright Phillip C
Published: March 2019

Escherichia coli strains have been modified in a variety of ways to enhance the production of different recombinant proteins, targeting membrane protein expression, proteins with disulphide bonds, and more recently, proteins which require N-linked glycosylation. The addition of glycans to proteins remains a relatively inefficient process and here we aimed to combine genetic modifications within central carbon metabolic pathways in order to increase glycan precursor pools, prior to transfer onto polypeptide backbones. Using a lectin screen that detects cell surface representation of glycans, together with Western blot analyses using an O-antigen ligase mutant strain, the enhanced uptake and phosphorylation of sugars (ptsA) from the media combined with conservation of carbon through the glyoxylate shunt (icl) improved glycosylation efficiency of a bacterial protein AcrA by 69% and over 100% in an engineered human protein IFN-α2b. Unexpectedly, overexpression of a gene involved in the production of DXP from pyruvate (dxs), which was previously seen to have a positive impact on glycosylation, was detrimental to process efficiency and the possible reasons for this are discussed.
Influence of Monoterpenes in Biological Activities of Nectandra megapotamica (Spreng.) Mez Essential Oils
Authors: Danielli Letícia J. , de Souza Tiago J.T. , Maciel Ana J. , Ferrão Marco F. , Fuentefria Alexandre M. , Apel Miriam A.
Published: March 2019

Investigating the influence of seasonal variations on biological activities is important for pharmacological studies and metabolic engineering. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the variation of the chemical composition of essential oils obtained from Nectandra megapotamica leaves, collected at different stages of plant development, as well as its influence on the biological activities. A total of 38 compounds were identified that accounted for 97–99.2% of the chemical composition of the oils. Major differences were observed in the monoterpenic fraction, representing 5.1% of the compounds identified in the productive rest phase to 37.1% in the blooming phase. Bicyclogermacrene and germacrene D were the predominant compounds identified in the oil of all collections. Furthermore, limonene, β-pinene, and spathulenol were identified predominantly in the samples of blooming and fruiting phases. The oils exhibited significant antichemotactic activity and different effects in scavenging the radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl. Variations were also observed in the antifungal activity, with the minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 125 to 500 μg/mL. These results demonstrate the influence of monoterpenes, primarily limonene, α-pinene, and β-pinene, on the bioactivities of the oil. Studies investigating the variations in the chemical composition of essential oil may offer a strategy to produce a compound or a group of compounds of interest to industries with a specific pharmacological focus.
The Relationship of Religiosity and Marital Satisfaction: The Role of Religious Commitment and Practices on Marital Satisfaction Among Pakistani Respondents
Authors: Aman Jaffar , Abbas Jaffar , Nurunnabi Mohammad , Bano Shaher
Published: March 2019

The sociology of religion focuses on an individual’s social and married life. This research performed the first focalized examination of the influence of spirituality and religiosity on the marital satisfaction of Pakistani Muslim couples and how religious commitment and religious practice strengthens the relationship of married couples. This study incorporates the Kansas Marital Satisfaction scale (KMSS), the Religious Commitment Inventory (RCI-10) and the Religious Practice scale to measure marital satisfaction. Survey questionnaires, including a survey invitation letter and an informed consent form, were sent to married couples residing in five urban areas of Pakistan. The sample consisted of 508 valid responses, 254 males and 254 females, exploring the respondent’s perception of their marital satisfaction. The data received were screened and tested through SPSS version 25. The first step of the data analysis was to examine the impact of religiosity variables (religious commitment, religious practice) on marital satisfaction. Findings indicated that religious commitment and religious practice are vital for a happy married life. The findings help explain the social dynamics of marital satisfaction in Pakistani culture. The results also indicated that religious commitment and religious practice strengthened and promoted marital satisfaction. This study is novel in the context of Pakistani culture and conclusions cannot be generalized to the whole population. Other religious factors may provide further research directions. The results of this study may help practitioners and decision-makers focusing on marital satisfaction issues.