bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How to apply evidence-based practice to the use of artificial intelligence in radiology (EBRAI) using the data algorithm training output (DATO) method
Authors: Kelly Brendan S , Judge Conor , Hoare Siobhan , Colleran Gabrielle , Lawlor Aonghus , Killeen Ronan P
Published: April 2023

Objective

As the number of radiology artificial intelligence (AI) papers increases, there are new challenges for reviewing the AI literature as well as differences to be aware of, for those familiar with the clinical radiology literature. We aim to introduce a tool to aid in this process.

Methods

In evidence-based practise (EBP), you must Ask, Search, Appraise, Apply and Evaluate to come to an evidence-based decision. The bottom-up evidence-based radiology (EBR) method allows for a systematic way of choosing the correct radiological investigation or treatment. Just as the population intervention comparison outcome (PICO) method is an established means of asking an answerable question; herein, we introduce the data algorithm training output (DATO) method to complement PICO by considering Data, Algorithm, Training and Output in the use of AI to answer the question.

Results

We illustrate the DATO method with a worked example concerning bone age assessment from skeletal radiographs. After a systematic search, 17 bone age estimation papers (5 of which externally validated their results) were appraised. The paper with the best DATO metrics found that an ensemble model combining uncorrelated, high performing simple models should achieve error rates comparable to human performance.

Conclusion

Considering DATO in the application of EBR to AI is a simple systematic approach to this potentially daunting subject.

Advances in knowledge

The growth of AI in radiology means that radiologists and related professionals now need to be able to review not only clinical radiological literature but also research using AI methods.

Considering Data, Algorithm, Training and Output in the application of EBR to AI is a simple systematic approach to this potentially daunting subject.
Prediction of hemorrhagic transformation via pre-treatment CT radiomics in acute ischemic stroke patients receiving endovascular therapy
Authors: Wen Xuehua , Xiao Yanan , Hu Xingfei , Chen Junfa , Song Fahuan
Published: April 2023

Objective:

This study aimed to extract radiomics features (RFs) from pre-treatment CT scans in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS), and to establish a radiomics model to predict hemorrhagic transformation (HT) after endovascular therapy (EVT).

Methods:

A total of 105 patients who were diagnosed with AIS [with occlusion of the M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and/or internal carotid artery] and received EVT were enrolled. They were randomly divided into the development cohort (n = 73) and the validation cohort (n = 32). The clinicoradiological data of all patients, including pre-treatment cranial CT without contrast enhancement, CT perfusion, and CT angiography, were obtained. The MCA territory on pre-treatment CT images was segmented to extract RFs associated with HT after EVT. Then, a CT radiomics model based on the selected RFs was constructed to predict HT after EVT.

Results:

The sensitivity, speciﬁcity, and area under the curve of the CT radiomics model for predicting HT after EVT based on pre-treatment CT RFs was 0.806, 0.649, and 0.781 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.675–0.886), respectively, in the development cohort. The sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve in the validation cohort was 0.625, 0.875, and 0.797 (95% CI: 0.642–0.951), respectively.

Conclusion:

CT radiomics analysis is a valuable tool for predicting HT in AIS patients receiving EVT. It may guide the selection of patients in practice and improve procedural safety and effectiveness.

Advances in knowledge:

Identification of the importance of pre-treatment CT radiomics in the prediction of HT in AIS patients after EVT.
Recent developments in absolute dosimetry for FLASH radiotherapy
Authors: Subiel Anna , Romano Francesco
Published: April 2023

Ultra-high dose-rate (UHDR) irradiations, known as FLASH radiotherapy (RT), rely on delivery of therapeutic doses at instantaneous dose-rates several orders of magnitude higher than those currently used in conventional radiotherapy. It has been shown that such an extremely short delivery of radiation leads to remarkable reduction of normal tissue toxicity with respect to conventional dose-rate RT. However, dosimetry at UHDRs is complicated and it is essential to understand the effects that will influence detector response. To date, FLASH RT research has been focused on finding pragmatic solutions that allow the use of UHDR beams in the research setting, but there has been limited focus on absolute dosimetry utilizing primary and secondary standard devices. However, very recently, the data on existing standard dosimeters and novel solutions which could serve as secondary standard devices in UHDR dosimetry started emerging. This review provides an overview of the studies that have been conducted employing calorimeters and innovative solutions utilizing ionization chambers.
Predictive value of prostate calcification for future cancer occurrence: a retrospective long-term follow-up cohort study
Authors: Kumasaka Soma , Seki Yuko , Takayama Hiroaki , Kumasaka Yuka , Dineen Rob A , Tsushima Yoshito
Published: April 2023

Objective:

Although prostate calcification is often identified on pelvic CT images, calcification itself is usually not considered clinically significant. A recent histological study proposed an association between prostate calcification and prostate cancer occurrence. Our aim was to determine the predictive value of prostate calcifications for future prostate cancer occurrence.

Methods:

We retrospectively analysed male patients (≥50 years old) without prior prostate cancer history, who underwent unenhanced pelvic CT between April 2010 and March 2011, and followed-up until December 2021. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess prostate cancer risk with prostate calcification (defined as a high-density area larger than 3 mm with CT attenuation values ≥ 130 HU), controlling for age, body mass index (BMI), hypertension and diabetes mellitus.

Results:

A total of 636 male patients (mean age, 68 years ± 9 [standard deviation]) were evaluated. At the end of follow-up, prostate cancer had been more frequently diagnosed in patients with prostate calcification than those without prostate calcification (6.5% vs  2.6%). Multivariate analysis revealed that prostate calcification on CT was a significant predictor of future prostate cancer occurrence (hazard ratio [HR], 2.7; 95% CI: 1.20, 5.91; p = 0.016). No statistical differences were observed in any other factors.

Conclusion:

Prostate calcification may be a significant predictor of future prostate cancer occurrence, and may be used for risk stratification and to guide screening protocols.

Advances in knowledge:

Presence of prostate calcification on unenhanced CT scan was associated with increased incidence of prostate cancer occurrence on long term follow-up.
Electroencephalographic accompaniment of quantitative-qualitative blood pressure clusters in patients of Truskavets’ spa
Authors: Kozyavkina Nataliya , Vovchyna Yuliya , Voronych-Semchenko Nataliya , Zukow Walery , Popovych Igor
Published: April 2023

Background. Earlier we studied the autonomic and endocrine accompaniments of quantitative-qualitative blood pressure (BP) clusters of profile patients of Truskavets’ spa. The purpose of this study is to clarify the electroencephalographic accompaniment in the same contingent. Materials and methods. Under an observations were 44 patients with chronic pyelonephritis and cholecystitis in the phase of remission. Testing was performed twice - on admission and after 7-10 days of standard balneotherapy. The main object of the study was BP (tonometer “Omron M4-I”, Netherlands). EEG recorded a hardware-software complex “NeuroCom Standard” (KhAI Medica, Ukraine) monopolar in 16 loci. Results. The forward stepwise program identified 30 parameters as characteristic of quantitative-qualitative blood pressure clusters. In addition to BP parameters by default, 5 entropy parameters, 4 delta-rhythm, 6 theta-rhythm, 6 alpha-rhythm and 7 beta-rhythm parameters are included in the discriminant model. The most informative among them are PSD of beta-rhythm in C3 and C4 loci; alpha-rhythm in T4 and F3 loci; delta-rhythm in C3, T5 and P3 loci as well as its deviation. The accuracy of classification is 100%. Conclusion. The wide range of blood pressure - from low norm to arterial hypertension II - is accompanied by characteristic EEG conditions.
Influence of social media on developing body image dissatisfaction and eating disorders
Authors: Górska Dominika , Świercz Kamila , Majcher Magdalena , Sierpień Małgorzata , Majcher Monika , Pikulicka Agata , Karwańska Aleksandra , Kulbat Aleksandra , Brzychczy Piotr , Kulbat Mateusz
Published: April 2023

INTRODUCTION
Social media platforms are commonly used worldwide, affecting every-day living of billions of people. It may impacts both self-esteem and self-evaluation of its users. Formed by social influence, the ideal beauty standards lead to an unhealthy comparison, need of external validation and pursuit of ideal appearance. Induced body image dissatisfaction could be the cause of many different eating disorders or rigorous exercises. Promoted by media, ideal body-image creates unhealthy focus on BMI, weight and shape of one’s own body.
PURPOSE
The aim of this study is to present the current state of knowledge on the impact of social media on evolving dissatisfaction with body image, followed by eating disorders.
METHODS
For the purposes of writing this article, the available literature was reviewed. The database of medical publications – PubMed database and publicly available books was searched, using keywords such as social media and body image disorders, eating disorders.
RESULTS
According to reviewed studies, spending more time on following social media intensifies body image disorders among both young women and men, as a result of negative upward comparison of their external appearance. A problematic social media use, passive and focused on image-related platforms, heightens a risk of developing a self-dissatisfaction and body concerns. Disordered eating behaviors are significantly connected to a frequent use of an image-related social media platforms.
CONCLUSIONS
Maintaining a healthy relationships with peers and parents protects self-esteem of adolescents and lowers the risk of body-image and eating disorders. A greater focus should be put on educating young people about their value, self-assessment and healthy relations.
Legume - an inconspicuous fighter against the metabolic syndrome
Authors: Szala-Czerwonka Karolina , Rejmer Adrian , Woś Natalia , Rojek Katarzyna , Wijas Karolina , Bednarz Lucjan , Bialic Kinga , Bialic Artur , Bakalarczyk Rafał , Majewski Paweł
Published: April 2023

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is metabolic alterations characterised by dysglycemia, raised blood pressure, elevated triglyceride levels, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and obesity. It is associated with high morbidity and mortality and the prevalence of it has been increasing in recent years. A significant impact on the risk to develop MetS has dietary habits. Many studies emphasise legume consumption advantages contributing to a decrease of a cluster of metabolic risk factors. The most effective range daily legume consumption is between 55 and 70 g/day. Some varieties of legumes can reform blood pressure by ACE inhibitory activity. Soybean protein hydrolysis showed an advantageous effect on lipid profile by HMGCR inhibitory activity. Legume intake seems to be a valuable predictor of decreasing BMI and abdominal adiposity because of high fibre levels and regulation of adiponectin and 8-epi-PGF2α in obese subjects. Increasing part of legumes as a protein and carbohydrates source in diet, significantly reduces the risk of glucose-insulin homeostasis disorders. Evidently, legumes have comprehensive dietary advantages. However more data and further research on the long-term effects of legumes on metabolic alterations are  required to elucidate their effective health implications. Present review is based on articles accessible on pubmed service.
Joint pain and mobility
Authors: Corral Cheryl
Published: April 2023

This workshop discussed the diagnosis of developmental joint disease and degenerative conditions in dogs and cats, and looked at a multimodal approach to managing pain caused by these conditions, which involves surgery, pain medication, physical therapy, exercise and lifestyle modifications, weight management and joint supplements. It also considers how best to help owners manage these conditions.
Emergency management of the seizuring patient
Authors: Hooper Emily
Published: April 2023

This workshop discussed the types, stages and causes of seizures, and outlines the emergency management of the seizuring patient, with a focus on the role of the veterinary nurse and the long-term care of these patients.
Surgical site infections: preparation, technique and perioperative prevention
Authors: Huitson Kelly
Published: April 2023

All surgical procedures compromise the physical barrier of the skin, which can allow contamination with micro-organisms. Surgical site infections can be prevented through strict protocols and use of asepsis techniques before, during and after surgery. This includes the surgical equipment, instruments, environment and staff. In veterinary medicine, between 1.5% and 2.8% of surgeries result in the development of a surgical site infection. This article reviews factors contributing to the acquisition of a surgical site infection, including sterile surgery preparation and aseptic technique, in both the human and veterinary field, and considers changes which reduce the development of surgical site infections in veterinary practice.
Anaesthetic management of caesarean sections in dogs
Authors: Cameron-Blackie Angus
Published: April 2023

Dystocia is a common complication of pregnancy in dogs and may require surgical intervention. Physiological changes during pregnancy and the vascular communication between mother and fetuses necessitate a careful approach to the anaesthetic. These changes and their implications are discussed, and specific management explored. Analgesia for the dam is a particular challenge, and options that limit impact on fetuses should be implemented where possible. Finally, Apgar scoring is covered as a means to assess fetal viability and care for ‘low’ and ‘critical’ patients is discussed. As clients are understandably stressed and have high expectations, the veterinary team must be prepared for these complicating factors.
Emergency care of a cat with a ruptured bladder
Authors: Jones Clare
Published: April 2023

A 7-month-old domestic short-hair male neutered cat, Crumble, arrived at hospital after falling from a first floor window. He had vomited after the fall, presented as tachypnoeic, with pale pink mucus membranes and poor peripheral pulses. Crumble required shock rate intravenous fluids, methadone (Comfortan; Dechra) given at 0.3 mg/kg for analgesia, diagnostic imagining and blood tests. Blood tests showed uremia which indicated uroabdomen. Diagnostic imaging was limited because of pain. Additional analgesic methadone was given at 0.2mg/kg. The serosanguinous fluid drained from abdomen confirmed ruptured bladder. Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of fentanyl (Dechra) running at 3 mcg/kg/hour was initiated, and a plasma volume substitute as a bolus of gelofusine 5mg/kg bolus over 15 minutes was given to help stabilise hypotension. A urinary catheter was placed in preparation for surgery and noradrenaline CRI was started once under anaesthesia. Intravenous fluids were continued to help with uremia, and the broad spectrum antimicrobial co-amoxiclav 20 mg/kg was given, as well as fentanyl CRI for further analgesia. The patient remained in hospital to monitor uremia, hypotension and pain, as well as urine output. He was discharged after 3 days and seen back after 2 days to review.
Dog owners’ awareness and use of dental homecare
Authors: Claydon Poppy , Gray Carol , Vivian Sarah
Published: April 2023

Periodontal disease is prevalent in dogs in the UK, and has many negative consequences for the health and welfare of the affected individual. Despite techniques and products being available for owners to maintain good oral health, compliance is low. This study used a questionnaire to investigate dog owners’ awareness and use of dental homecare, and the influence of veterinary professionals, to establish if further educational intervention is required. Quantitative and qualitative analysis revealed a lack of knowledge and performance of dental homecare, suggesting a need for veterinary professionals to provide education for owners on this topic.
Leptospira spp. and Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in Tonga: a pilot study
Authors: Naden Kristina , Harder Kate
Published: April 2023

Dogs are common in Tonga and exist in a close relationship with humans, both as free-ranging pets and guard dogs for domestic properties. Little is known about pathogens present in these animals, and this pilot study aimed to develop a methodology to identify the presence of zoonotic pathogens Leptospira spp. and Dirofilaria immitis (the causative agent of heartworm), in a sample of 82 dogs voluntarily presented to a spey/neuter clinic, using blood samples and point-of-care tests. No positive tests were returned for Leptospira spp. or D. immitis, despite the presence of Leptospira spp. having previously being identified in Tonga.
Itineraries and contradictions of a family policy: the Informal Caregiver Statute in Portugal
Authors: Gil Ana Paula
Published: April 2023

The article’s aim is to analyse the way in which informal care has become the object of public policy in Portugal. The law is compared with those of other European countries, and the article identifies issues around the framing of the law and where it leads to adverse consequences and social risks to family carers. Two focus groups were conducted with caregivers. A thematic content analysis allowed the identification of difficult caregiving experiences and gender inequalities throughout the cycle of family life. Selectivity criteria, based on income, limit access for thousands of carers in need, and the new care regulation has become a policy to combat poverty.
Accepting reality: re-opening Manchuria to Chinese commoners (minren) in the Yongzheng era
Authors: Sepe Agostino
Published: April 2023

For most of the period of Manchu domination of China prior to the nineteenth century, the rulers’ attitude toward Han civilians settling in the motherland was negative. In the Kangxi period, immigration was tolerated but strictly controlled, and most of the resources were assigned to local Eight Banners members, because the court planned to base the region’s development on the bannermen. In the fifth year of Qianlong’s reign (1740), an imperial order officially prohibited Chinese civilians from migrating to Manchuria – this was the well-known fengjin zhengce 封禁政策. The only exceptions to this trend were two brief periods: the first between Shunzhi’s reign and the early years of Kangxi’s reign, and the second roughly corresponding to Yongzheng’s reign (1723–1735). During the former period (1653–1668), immigration was encouraged, settlers were free to reclaim uncultivated lands, and a civil administration system was established. This phase has been widely discussed in the academic community for over a century, whereas research on the latter period – during which six new civil jurisdictions were established and the land policies, which had previously strongly favored bannermen, changed significantly in an effort to meet the needs of the growing civilian population – has been insufficient. Based on both institutional and private sources, this article will offer a detailed outline of the features of this peculiar stage and compare it with both the above-mentioned phase in which the province was opened to migration (1653–1668) and the restrictive policies of the Kangxi and Qianlong periods. In this way, the article will show how important Yongzheng’s change of direction was, despite the fact that it did not last long.
Advances in the Application of Pulsed Field Ablation for Arrhythmia Treatment
Authors: Guo Fuding , Wang Jun , Zhou Liping , Wang Yueyi , Jiang Hong , Yu Lilei
Published: April 2023

The increased application of catheter ablation to treat cardiac arrhythmias has contributed to continued exploration of safe and effective tissue ablation tools in the field of electrophysiology. Pulsed field ablation (PFA), a novel recently developed non-thermal energy-based technique, uses trains of microsecond duration high-amplitude pulses to ablate target cells. Several preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that PFA is a promising tool for cardiac ablation to treat arrhythmia. In addition to being an effective tissue ablation technique, PFA is safe, because it avoids damage to the surrounding cells/tissues. This review focuses on efficacy and safety outcomes reported in preclinical and clinical studies evaluating the effects of PFA on arrhythmia, and discusses limitations and potential future directions of PFA.
Problems of Adaptation and Impairment of Social Functioning of Persons with Bipolar Affective Disorder Type II
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Andronnikova Olga O. , Romanova Natalya V. ,   Тhe Psychotherapeutic Center “Berkanaˮ
Published: April 2023

The article presents an analysis of the main theoretical approaches to the violation of adaptation and social functioning of patients with bipolar disorder. The main approaches to socio-psychological adaptation in domestic and foreign psychology are presented. The concept of sustainability is disclosed as the ability to recover and grow positively after periods of impaired adaptation. The main areas of disruption of social functioning during the period of pathopsychological manifestations in patients with bipolar affective disorder are outlined: violations of interpersonal and social functioning, professional and educational activities, identity, self-image, emotional regulation, self-service ability. A study is presented that confirms the hypothesis of a decrease in adaptability and social functioning during periods of pathopsychological manifestations (21 people). The presented data can serve as a basis for effective support of patients with bipolar affective disorder.
Attitude to the Stressful Situation of Secondary School Teachers Working with Children with Mental Retardation
Authors:   Secondary School no. 11, Mayorova Anastasia V. , Kozhemyakina Olga A. ,   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University
Published: April 2023

The article presents a study of the peculiarities of the attitude to a stressful situation among secondary school teachers working with children with mental retardation. Based on the analysis of scientific works of domestic and foreign authors, the concepts of stress, stressful situation and strategies of behavior in stressful situations are analyzed. An empirical study was conducted on the test of self-assessment of stress resistance by S. Cohen and G. Willianson and the method “Indicator of coping strategiesˮ by D. Amirkhan. The authors conclude that teachers with a high level of stress tolerance working with children with ASD possess constructive strategies of behavior in stressful situations, choosing a strategy of “problem resolutionˮ, use a strategy of avoiding problems to a lesser extent, and at the same time turn to the search for social support. Teachers with a low level of stress tolerance possess destructive strategies of behavior in stressful situations, choosing the strategy of “avoiding problemsˮ, to a lesser extent use the strategy of solving problems, and just as often turn to the search for social support.
Plassotherapy Method in the Prevention of Burnout Syndrome “ZHYTOˮ (Authorʼs Method N. Ya. Balatskaya)
Authors:   Novosibirsk Clinical District Hospital no. 1, Balatskaya Natalya Ya.
Published: April 2023

This article is devoted to the prevention of burnout syndrome. The characteristics of the syndrome of emotional burnout, the history of the emergence of interest in the problem among specialists in helping professions are given. A method of working with kinetic sand is presented, which simply and at the same time gives a three-dimensional picture of the psychodiagnostics of the emotional burnout syndrome. In addition, the method makes it possible to see important aspects of one life, analyze and change the tactics of attitude to work and to other areas of one life and interactions with other people, while in the moving sand the client feels comfortable and safe.
Perception of Visual Images in the Psychology of Art
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Martynova Polina G.
Published: April 2023

The article presents a theoretical analysis of the phenomenology of visual perception in the psychology of fine art. Aspects of perception as one of the mental functions and visual images as meaningful perceptual phenomena are analyzed. The question of the predestination of perception, its development and foundations is discussed. With the help of the analysis of many fundamental sources, the main characteristic of visual perception, influence on modern culture and human thinking has been established. The possibilities of applying the psychology of art in psychological counseling are described. The practical methods of fine art are explained from the standpoint of psychology, as well as examples of the perception of visual images in art therapy based on the research of domestic and foreign authors are indicated. In conclusion, examples of human perception of visual images in psychodiagnostic techniques are considered, and prospects for future theoretical and practical work in the field of psychotherapy through the prism of fine art are outlined.
Water reservoirs dynamics do not affect the abundance and productivity of the bearded tit (Panurus biarmicus) in “El Hondo Natural Park” (SE Iberia)
Authors: García Peiró Ignacio
Published: April 2023

Long-term fluctuations of the abundance and productivity of marshland passerines are affected by multiple factors. Water levels fluctuations in man-made wetlands can affect severely the breeding and wintering attempts of highly dependent reed passerines and decrease their abundances simply by dispersal towards better sites. In this work I study if water outputs and inputs in a western Mediterranean coastal semi-arid reservoir “El Hondo Natural Park” do not affect, apparently, the long-term abundances and productivity of the small Spanish endangered population of Bearded Tit Panurusbiarmicus ubicated in it. The watershed parameters analyzed during sixteen years (1992-2007) by a Principal Components Analysis (PCA) show that only two main axes, water inputs (PC1) and outputs (PC2) explained most total variance and were the drivers of the water in the reservoirs. None of the bird’s dynamics indexes were significantly correlated with the axes, so that water dynamics seem have not taken in to account for the fluctuations of this species, but the flooding of thereservoir with output capacity “Embalse de Poniente” could likely influence the annual productivity of this species, due to the negative but unsignificant correlation with PC2. The maintenance of ponds of enough water quantity and quality (e.g. “La Raja”, “Charca Sur”) in the “El Hondo Natural Park” during the nesting periods is fundamental for the preservation of this endangered population. The results indicate that further evaluations of the key biotic and abiotic factors who drive this threatened Bearded Tit’s population in this isolated and endangered man-made wetland are needed.
Genotoxicity and metabolic pathway of aflatoxin isolate in contaminated poultry feed
Authors: M Ubi Godwin , N Edu , A Eyogor , B Ekpo Paul , C Emmanuel Nneka , O Ambang Affiong , F Akpan Joyce , E Kalu Success , S Essien Imaobong
Published: April 2023

Aflatoxin is a nephrotoxic mycotoxin found in stale food which when consumed has some carcinogenic potentials. Aflatoxin presence has been identified in many foodstuffs all over the globe and with significantly higher frequency and concentrations coming from poultry feeds especially the locally formulated ones as a result of high cost of poultry feedstuff. Though foodstuffs are often contaminated with more than one mycotoxin, the focus of most research had centred on aflatoxin due to its wide occurrence and toxicology effect on the agro-morphometric parameters of poultry. The present studies reveals the major genes affected by aflatoxin ingestion in contaminated feed to include Tumour protein gene (TP53), Albumin protein gene (Alb), Spermatogenesis associated protein 5 (SPATA5), cytochrome p450 subfamily 3 polypeptide 4 and 7 protein genes (CYP3A4 and CYP3A7), glutathione s-transferase mu-1 protein gene (GSMU1) and minor genes such as the epoxide hydrolase 1 gene (EPHX 1), LACE 1 gene, XRCC1gene and cyclin 2 gene (CCGN2) whose expressions and functionality in the poultry has been silenced or activated leading to genotoxicity, highlights the biosynthesis and metabolic pathway of aflatoxins in poultry system and the toxin–protein interactions of aflatoxin ingested through contaminated poultry feed stuff as well as its co-occurrence with other mycotoxins in organisms as well on their combined toxicity. The metabolic pathway of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 ingestion of aflatoxin in contaminated poultry feeds begins with the production of methyl-sterigmatocystin enzyme which pave the way for the complex, Sterigmatocystin which upon dimethylation produces versicolonin A (an enzyme which disrupts the colon) and versicolonin. The two enzymes reacts to form versiconial hemiactal acetate and producing 1‘5 Hydroxyaverantin both of which distorts the expression and functionality of Mycotoxin mixtures involving aflatoxin produced additive and synergistic effects in poultry birds suggesting that aflatoxins represent a significant health hazard. Hence, special attention should be given to poultry feedstuff screening and purification to prevent the associated toxicity that includes genotoxicity and the production of cancer-promoting mycotoxins.
Circulating cell-free transcriptomics in cancer
Authors: Yeh Chen
Published: April 2023

Transcriptomics (or functional genomics) is a powerful tool that allow researchers to connect their knowledge of cells, biomarkers, and disease onset, hence providing novel diagnostic and therapeutic solutions and perspectives. It includes the tempo-spatial distribution, communication and interaction of key cellular mRNA biomarkers and their cross-talking networks, and their role in influencing intracellular and extracellular dynamics and signaling. Circulating cell-free transcriptomics uses data from plasma transcriptomes, or whole circulating cell-free mRNA (cfmRNA) content, to determine their roles and functions for biomarker discovery. This short communication highlights some of the technologies powering advances in the field, including current trends and innovations, and highlights future challenges and possibilities—some of which were unthinkable a few years ago.
The rebirth of natural fibers? Analysis of market potential for fique (furcraeaandina) production in santander, colombia
Authors: Díaz Ignacio , Fromm Ingrid
Published: April 2023

Natural fibers extracted from the leaves of the fique plant (Furcraeaandina) are currently used by the Colombian market mainly for the manufacture of coffee sacks and crafts. However, the economy associated with the cultivation of fique in the department of Santander is weak and optimal production practices have greatly been abandoned by farmers because of poor market demand in the last two decades. However, new market demand for natural, eco-friendly fibers to replace plastic opens up better opportunities for fique producers. The objective of this study was to provide a macro view of the current fique market in Colombia and its potential in modern markets. The study of production aspects, economic situation and market potential was conducted with 25 producing families where relevant information to characterize the current situation was obtained. Data on production practices, market access and economic situation was collected. The results revealed that fique production can help improve the economic situation of rural families in Santander, but that the production system can be improved and optimized to generate a higher income. Currently, there is a market potential in natural fibers, but more investments need to be made to train farmers in sustainable production practices and compliance with new standards and certifications. Additionally, local artisans need to improve the products they produce with the fiber to meet the new demands in the eco-friendly, natural fiber market. A set of strategies and recommendations for improved market access for small-scale producers and artisans using both modern and traditional techniques was drawn.
Social context of philosophy the case Andalusian philosophy upon Ibn Khaldun’s historical report
Authors: Shahidipak Mohammadreza
Published: April 2023

Hypothesis is that global philosophy was formed in Andalusia in late middle Ages due to specific social changes in Andalusia. Change in science and especially philosophy is based on social context. Social context is caused by a kind of population diversity which is a ready field for a certain type of philosophical thinking and generally causes general flow of philosophy. Formation of three-religious society was a new social context that required the development of philosophy. Philosophy, as a tool for the dialogue of nations, initially played a role in place where Muslim, Christian, Jewish nations settled next to each other, and at the same time, a constructive interaction between philosophers of three religions was formed. And Averroes (1198),his student Jewish Ibn Maimon(1204), and the Christian Aquinas (1274)are symbols of dialogue between religious .Development of interaction is such that theologians of three religions appeared and even bookes beyond thoughts of three religions was compiled.and Averroes spirit philosophy of medieval ,by announcing independence of reason from religion, provided capital for discussion and also Aquinas tried to show this unity of religions and intellect by writing book "Summa Theologica". This article shows constructive interaction of philosophy and change in a historical event in late middle Ages, which is always possible to useful. Research is based on a report by Ibn Khaldun who said: Philosophy is dead in West of Islamic territories by Arab demographic composition and has awakened in Europe and in Iran is alive because of efforts of Nasir al-Din al-Tus(1274).
Quality assurance implementation and doctoral study cycle management in low resources economies
Authors: Kibalirwandi Moses Muhindo
Published: April 2023

The Bologna Process Accord 1999 has precisely identified three study cycles; Bachelor’s degree cycle, Master’s cycle and Doctoral cycle that ought to benefit from quality assurance Policy implementation. As mentioned in other chapters within this book, doctoral studies qualify students as potential resource persons that are capable of adding new knowledge to the existing stances. Knowledge economies have identified postgraduate qualifications (in this context PhD) as valuable means through which organizations can sturdily harness competitiveness in terms of innovation and creativity leading to the high-quality productivity of both goods and services. Technology advancement parse may not increase quality without brain workers to manipulate and direct production. There is a quest for increasing opportunities for doctoral enrollments and funding opportunities in low-resource countries.
AERODYNAMIC INTERACTION SIMULATION DURING TRACK TESTING OF AIRCRAFT PRODUCTS
Authors:   State Research and Testing Ground for Aviation Systems named after L.K. Safronov, Astakhov Sergey , Biryukov Vasily ,   Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), Timushev Sergey ,   Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), Kataev Andrey ,   State Research and Testing Ground for Aviation Systems named after L.K. Safronov,   Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University)
Published: April 2023

Ground track tests of modern ballistic-type aircraft products make it possible to simulate aerodynamic loads in conditions with a maximum medium density and having a significantly lower cost compared to flight tests. During track testing of products at supersonic speeds, intense vibrations of the structural elements of the movable track equipment and the product under test occur. The article deals with the processes of air flow around a rail installation moving with a high acceleration. Basic models are applied that describe the motion of a homogeneous medium at various velocities, accounting the effects of compressibility, turbulence, and heat transfer. Depending on the conditions, various flow turbulence models are used. An algorithm for numerical implementation on a rectangular grid with local adaptation and subgrid resolution of complex geometry is developed. The methodology for the numerical solution of the equations of dynamics describing the flow of a compressible gas around a curved surface is based on the integration of fluid motion and the transfer of scalar quantities in partial derivatives with respect to the volumes of computational cells-polyhedrons. Using the FlowVision software package, the simulation of the supersonic air flow around products of various shapes was performed in relation to track tests. This made it possible to determine previously unknown dependences of the coefficients of aerodynamic drag, lift force and lateral force on the speed of motion, as well as the moments of aerodynamic forces for estimating the contribution of airflow processes to the total vibration field acting on the track carriage with the product.
METHOD OF SYNTHESIS OF OPTIMAL TERMINAL CONTROL OF NONLINEAR DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS USING A SET OF SINGULAR CURVES
Authors:   St. Petersburg Federal Research Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ivanov Vladimir
Published: April 2023

The problem of constructing general solutions to the problems of terminal control of nonlinear systems is considered. It is proved that: 1) the optimal trajectory is the envelope of a parametric family of surfaces and, accordingly, a parametric family of singular curves defined on them, 2) optimal control can be found on this family. A constructive method for constructing singular curves is given. The "free" parameters of singular curves are found from the condition of minimization of the terminal functional. Such an approach in some cases avoids the explicit solution of the boundary value problem for a class of nonlinear dynamical systems, and simplifies computational algorithms.
NUMERICAL STUDY OF DYNAMICS IN-CHAMBER PROCESSES IN MULTI-NOZZLE SOLID ROCKET MOTORS. PART 1. CALCULATION METHOD
Authors:   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Egorov Mikhail , Egorov Dmitry ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University,   Scientific- Research Institute of Polymeric Materials, Egorov Sergey ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University,   Scientific- Research Institute of Polymeric Materials, Belov Vasily ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University,   Scientific- Research Institute of Polymeric Materials
Published: April 2023

The dynamics of transient in-chamber processes of booster (overclocking) multi-hop of solid rocket motor is investigated. The research method is the formulation of a computational experiment. The conjugate formulation of the problem is considered, which includes: – the ignition device is triggered (the combustion rate of the igniting composition is described on the basis of an experimental and theoretical approach that takes into account the burning of combustion products behind the body of the igniting device); – heating, ignition and subsequent unsteady and turbulent combustion of a charge of a mixed solid fuel (a quasihomogeneous combustion model is used, formulated on the basis of the equations of thermal conductivity and chemical kinetics recorded for the condensed phase (solid fuel), taking into account the influence of the gas phase (flare) on the combustion process in the condensed phase; the method of solving the problem is the finite difference method); – unsteady three-dimensional homogeneous-heterogeneous three-phase flow of nitrogen (pre-pressurization gas of the combustion chamber) and combustion products of the igniting composition and mixed solid fuel in the combustion chamber, multi-core block and behind the multi-core block of the rocket engine (approaches of mechanics of continuous multiphase media are used; the basic system of equations is a system of vortex differential equations of gas dynamics; the solution method is multiparametric a class of difference splitting schemes by physical processes of the Davydov method); – depressurization of the combustion chamber and the departure of the plugs of the multi-nozzle block of solid rocket motor (the equation of motion of the nozzle block plug is Newton's second law; the method of solving the problem is the Euler method). Each of the subtasks is considered in relation and resolved simultaneously – at one-time step. To solve the formulated problem, a set of application programs has been developed using (for the main calculation module) the OpenCL multithreading information processing standard. The operability of the software product was checked.
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF ICING UNDER AIRFOIL VIBRATIONS
Authors:   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Kalyulin Stanislav , Modorskii Vladimir ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University
Published: April 2023

Compared to studies of the processes of icing of a structure without a gas-dynamic flow, there are significantly fewer studies with an airfoil flow. Of these, most of them are without vibrations, while studies under the influence of vibrations, devoted to the description of the mechanisms of ice formation during vibrations for various amplitudes and frequencies, could not be found. This article presents the results of numerical modeling of airfoil icing, taking into account its vibration according to the harmonic law, describes the mechanisms of icing at various vibration velocities, and shows the effect of vibrations on the mass of ice buildup. The dependences of the coefficient of the ratio of the velocity of the oncoming gas-dynamic flow to the vibration velocity KV on the mass of ice are revealed. It is shown that at low frequencies the effect of “sticking” of ice to the walls of the airfoil prevails, and with increasing frequencies – the effect of “shaking off”. Vibrations can not only reduce the mass of ice, but also increase it. A study of the effect of airfoil vibrations on icing will make it possible to take into account and, if necessary, change the range of natural and forced frequencies of structural elements. At constant vibration velocities close to the oncoming flow velocity, with an increase in the oscillation frequency from 2 to 60 kHz and a corresponding decrease in amplitude, the ice mass first increases by 50–80 %, and then decreases by 15–25 % relative to the “no vibration” mode.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE PATTERNS OF FATIGUE FAILURE OF THICK RODS MADE OF LAMINATED CARBON FIBER
Authors:   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Balakirev Aleksandr , Gladkiy Ivan ,   JSC “UEC-Aviadvigatel”, Mekhonoshin Grigoriy ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Kurakin Anton ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Nikhamkin Mikhail ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Sazhenkov Nikolay ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Semenov Sergey ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Solomonov Danil ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University
Published: April 2023

In the present work, a comprehensive experimental study of the patterns of fatigue failure of thick rods made of laminated carbon fiber is carried out under two loading schemes: cyclic tension and cyclic three-point bending with static tension. In the process of fatigue loading, along with the loading parameters of the samples, the resonant vibration frequency of the sample, acoustic emission parameters, strain fields, and temperatures on the sample surface were continuously recorded. The main mechanism of destruction of laminated carbon fiber in both studied loading schemes is the appearance and development of delaminations. Experimental data on the change in the resonant frequency of sample oscillations and the parameters of acoustic emission (the number of events per unit time and the energy of events) are obtained during fatigue testing. There is a stepwise change in the number of acoustic emission events due to the appearance or sharp growth of cracks, which coincides in time with the phenomena of an abrupt change in the resonant frequency and the appearance of high-energy acoustic emission events. In the zones of fatigue failure, local areas of increased self-heating of the samples appear. The fields of three components of the strain tensor on the surface of the studied samples during the fatigue loading were obtained by the method of digital image correlation. In the zones of delaminations, the component of deformations transverse with composite layers sharply increases. The recording of acoustic emission parameters, deformation fields and temperatures, resonant oscillation frequency during fatigue loading makes it possible to reveal in a complex the facts and moments of the appearance and development of fatigue damage in samples.
Examining the Family in the Light of Marriage Annulment as a New Research Perspective
Authors: Kroczek Piotr , Kisiel Przemysław , Ulman Paweł
Published: April 2023

The aim of this article is to outline a new research perspective, allowing for an in-depth reflection on the condition of contemporary marriages and families. Of course, the problem itself is not new, but in order to analyse it, we propose to adopt a perspective which has not been present in the literature so far and which will consist in analysing the condition of the institution of marriage through the prism of the process of declaring a marriage null and void, i.e., the canonical procedure in force in the Catholic Church.The proposed research perspective is based on an interdisciplinary approach, taking into account the broad context in which, in our opinion, the functioning of the contemporary institution of marriage should be considered. In this approach we try to integrate sociological and demographic premises and inspirations with legal, theological and canonical premises, which is a significant novelty. The integration of these approaches will make it possible to consider the problem of the break-up of the marital bond in a different way than has been presented so far. Thanks to this, it is possible to make a comprehensive diagnosis of the situation of marriages in moments of crisis and to capture those aspects of spiritual and social life which have not yet been taken into account in the research, and which play a particularly important role in initiating proceedings to declare a marriage null and void.
A New Approach to Sustainable Development: Analysis of the Environmental Phillips Curve Hypothesis
Authors: HACIİMAMOĞLU Tunahan
Published: April 2023

This study aims to test the Environmental Phillips Curve hypothesis, which assumes a negative relationship between environmental pollution and unemployment in the Next-11 countries in 1991-2018. In the study in which ecological footprint was used as an indicator of environmental pollution, the long-term relationship was estimated using the LM test, and the coefficient was estimated using the Augmented Mean Group and Dynamic Common Correlated Effects estimators. As a result of the empirical analysis, it was found that the EPC hypothesis is valid in the Next-11 countries; in other words, the increase in unemployment reduces environmental pollution.