bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Droit des archives et droits de l’homme
Authors: Kabanda Marcel
Published: March 2017

Devant l’impossibilité de reconstituer par les archives écrites la réalité des crimes commis au Rwanda, l’auteur souligne l’importance des témoignages oraux, seuls à faire apparaître le rôle du gouvernement intérimaire dans l’incitation des populations civiles à commettre un génocide. Il met en garde contre les effets pervers de la chasse aux documents lancée après les massacres, hors de tout contrôle et sans assurance de préservation, par de multiples acteurs désireux de mobiliser l’opinion publique. Quant aux professionnels des archives, ils sont soumis à la pression croissante de nouveaux usagers, victimes et défenseurs des droits de l’Homme, et journalistes. Il leur faut des moyens supplémentaires mais aussi un nouveau droit qui adapte les règles de consultation des archives aux exigences de ces différents publics, en assurant un équilibre entre l’exigence de savoir et la protection des sources, et en préservant les intérêts de la recherche historique. L’auteur suggère aussi des actions de sensibilisation à la notion d’archives, notamment en partenariat avec les systèmes éducatifs, comme cela est déjà le cas pour les droits de l’Homme.
Orografia, idrografia e clima a Genova in età moderna. Nei documenti uno strumento per lo studio e la tutela dell’ambiente
Authors: Ponte Raffaella
Published: March 2017

Orographie, hydrographie et climat à Gênes à l’âge moderne. Dans les documents un outil pour l’étude et la protection de l’environnement.

Un exemple d’une source pour l’étude et la protection de l’environnement est présenté par les Archives historiques de la ville de Gênes, qui conservent les documents relatifs à l’administration de celle-ci entre le XVe et le XXe siècle. Il s’agit notamment des archives du Magistrat appelé Padri del Comune, auquel le gouvernement a délégué des domaines spécifiques : la gestion du port et des quais, des eaux usées, l’approvisionnement en eau, la surveillance des rivières et des ruisseaux, le nettoyage et la gestion des déchets, la protection l’environnement et la santé publique. L’attention portée à ces aspects à l’âge moderne a été d’une importance fondamentale pour une ville comme Gênes, densément peuplée mais défendue par des murs massifs et dépourvue de terres ; à l’extérieur de la ville à l’est se situait la Vallée du Bisagno, parcourue par un fleuve, et de nombreux sources et ruisseaux qui coulaient dans l’aqueduc et assuraient le fonctionnement des moulins. Simplement à travers la documentation de ce magistrat, des études sur les tendances climatiques peuvent être menées, en particulier sur l’alternance fréquente de la sécheresse et des inondations à Gênes.
Lo studio della produzione agricola e del clima dalle fonti dell’intendenza sabauda
Authors: De Franco Davide
Published: March 2017

L’étude de la production agricole et du climat à travers les fonds de l’intendance du duché de Savoie.

Cette communication propose un thème qui fait partie d’une recherche en cours pour un doctorat de l’université de Piémont oriental sur les fonds de l’Intendance, administration liée aux directives du pouvoir central et sensible aux instances des communautés locales. À la fin du XVIIe siècle, le duc de Savoie Victor-Amédée II a instauré les intendances de justice et de finances sur le modèle des offices de commis du Royaume de France. Suse, terra vetus du Piémont, a connu très tôt ce type d’administration qui dès 1713 étend sa compétence sur la Haute Vallée de la Doire Ripaire. La communication analyse les rapports des intendants concernant la description géographique de cette province en soulignant les caractéristiques environnementales, notamment la «salubrité des terres » , les inondations de la Doire, la présence de zones marécageuses et la rigueur des hivers, en lien avec la capacité des populations à produire les biens nécessaires à leur propre subsistance et à la possibilité d’obtenir un surplus commercialisable sur les foires et marchés. L’exposé souligne la principale activité économique, conditionnée par l’environnement, qui contraignait les communautés à cultiver le seigle, le blé et l’avoine sur des terres exposées aux inondations, à maintenir les vignobles dans les places d’Exilles et Chiomonte, à se consacrer aux activités agro-pastorales et à la production de pain sur les terres de la Haute Vallée. En conclusion, à travers l’étude systématique des données quantitatives relevées par les intendants, on peut connaître la diffusion des pratiques agro-sylvo-pastorales sur un territoire donné vers le milieu du XVIIIe siècle. Les citations de données climatiques, si ce n’est dans de brèves annotations, sont cependant rares et liées au fonctionnement du système agricole décrit par les intendants. Ce ne sont pas, d’ailleurs, des références précises permettant de décrire des faits historiques mais des notes marginales dans les enquêtes visant à la construction d’un cadre cognitif pour les politiques du gouvernement central sur le territoire. Les fonds d’archives permettent cependant d’analyser le contexte territorial, illustré par des données que nous supposons fiables. Il serait donc utile d’intégrer d’autres typologies documentaires dans la perspective de reconstituer les caractéristiques de l’environnement et du climat d’un territoire provincial à l’époque pré-industrielle.
Fonti archivistiche per una storia dell’ambiente in Sardegna (secc. XVIII-XIX)
Authors: Ferrante Carla
Published: March 2017

Sources d’archives pour l’histoire de l’environnement en Sardaigne (XVIII-XIXe siècles).

Cette contribution se propose de donner une vue d’ensemble des fonds d’archives conservés aux Archives d’État de Cagliari qui, pour la période précédant l’Unité italienne, concernent la totalité du territoire régional. Dans la cité de Cagliari en effet, ancienne capitale du royaume de Sardaigne, ont siégé les institutions centrales du gouvernement. Pour la période succédant à l’Unité italienne, la province de Cagliari comprenait un territoire qui courrait de la région méridionale du Campidano à la Barbagie. L’analyse commence avec le matériau documentaire concernant le Domaine royal, une sorte de «super-fonds » constitué des papiers des Archives patrimoniales et économiques, de l’Intendance générale, plus tard réunis dans la direction des Insinuations du Domaine qui fut à son tour regroupé dans le «fonds » Affaires diverses, série «Bois et forêts » (cartons n° 35). À travers les rapports, les enquêtes statistiques, les pétitions envoyées à la Communauté (1838-1858), il est possible de reconstituer l’extension des forêts insulaires et, en même temps, le processus progressif de déforestation provoqué par le développement du réseau ferré et les demandes toujours plus pressantes de la Marine royale pour la construction navale. D’une grande importance également sont les liasses du contentieux forestier concernant le non-paiement des droits que les bergers étaient tenus de verser pour les glanes, ainsi que les amendes pour la coupe d''arbres, les nombreux incendies ainsi que toutes les autres contraventions prévues par le règlement forestier. Rejoignent cette même typologie les cartons du fonds du Secrétariat royal pour l’État et la Guerre : 2e série, catégorie 9, Agriculture, Industrie et Commerce, régime des bois et forêts (1751-1848), volumes 1280-1281. Pour la période suivant l’Unité italienne, est à citer les sources provenant des archives de la Préfecture qui a hérité d’une partie des fonctions d’administration de l’Intendance et donc avait des compétences en matière forestière. Dans le premier et le second versement, catégorie 6, dénommée Bois, Forêts et Minières, le volume 160 (1846-1865) et les volumes 139-168 traitent des administrations forestières, des contraventions sur les bois, des incendies, etc. Cette présentation des fonds comprend également des documents non encore inventoriés qui se trouvent dans le fonds de l’Intendance des Finances, dans lequel se trouve probablement une source documentaire importante produite par l’Intendance générale et qui concerne les bois et forêts.
Remarques sur les exutoires de l'aquifère karstique de la Fontaine de Vaucluse
Authors: Michelot Claude , Mudry Jacques
Published: March 2017

La Fontaine de Vaucluse est l'exutoire apparemment unique des «Plateaux de Vaucluse», étendue calcaire de plus de 1000 km : avec ses bordures. L'étude hydrochimique (éléments majeurs et isotopes) des différents points d'eau du pourtour occidental de ce secteur (sources et puits) permet d'identifier le marquage des familles d'eau (venant du plateau de Vaucluse et de la plaine du Comtat) qui émergent à la Fontaine de Vaucluse ou en d'autres points couverts par les sédiments tertiaires et quaternaires.
α-((4-Cyanobenzoyl)oxy)-ω-methyl poly(ethylene glycol): a new stabilizer for silver nanoparticles
Authors: Lutze Jana , Bañares Miguel A , Pita Marcos , Haase Andrea , Luch Andreas , Taubert Andreas
Published: March 2017

The article describes the synthesis and properties of α-((4-cyanobenzoyl)oxy)-ω-methyl poly(ethylene glycol), the first poly(ethylene glycol) stabilizer for metal nanoparticles that is based on a cyano rather than a thiol or thiolate anchor group. The silver particles used to evaluate the effectiveness of the new stabilizer typically have a bimodal size distribution with hydrodynamic diameters of ca. 13 and ca. 79 nm. Polymer stability was evaluated as a function of the pH value both for the free stabilizer and for the polymers bound to the surface of the silver nanoparticles using 1H NMR spectroscopy and zeta potential measurements. The polymer shows a high stability between pH 3 and 9. At pH 12 and higher the polymer coating is degraded over time suggesting that α-((4-cyanobenzoyl)oxy)-ω-methyl poly(ethylene glycol) is a good stabilizer for metal nanoparticles in aqueous media unless very high pH conditions are present in the system. The study thus demonstrates that cyano groups can be viable alternatives to the more conventional thiol/thiolate anchors.
HIV Prevalence In Internal From Brazilian Prisons And Its Associated Factors: Integrative Literature Review
Authors: Alves Amorim de Sousa Karinna , De Araújo Telma Maria Evangelista
Published: March 2017

The prison populations is considered vulnerable due heterogeneity of confinement, whose predisposing factors are the lifestyle of individuals and prison conditions. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of HIV and associated factors reported in studies conducted in prisons in Brazil. An integrative review was carried out, with a search in the databases LILACS, MEDLINE and SCIELO, including articles published from 2000. The final sample that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria totaled 11 articles. prevalences were found ranging from 3.2% to 16%. This review made it possible to find average of 10.6% prevalence. Predominated as risk factors: drug use, piercing material sharing, inappropriate sexual behavior and STDs. There was a need for more comprehensive surveys, which provides a situational diagnosis of HIV in this population, so as to reveal specific aspects of individual, social and programmatic vulnerabilities in each region of Brazil.
The Crush Index: Orthopedic Trauma as an Economic Indicator
Authors: Arshi Armin , Barad Justin H. , Patel Riki K. , Allis J. Ben , Soohoo Nelson F. , Johnson Eric E.
Published: March 2017

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between economic activity and the incidence of high-energy orthopedic trauma. California's Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development patient discharge database was queried to identify monthly orthopedic trauma incidence from 1995 to 2010. Patient inclusion required 1 diagnosis code and 1 associated procedural code for fractures of the femur, tibia, ankle, pelvis, or acetabulum. Data on composite market indices, energy and transportation use, and unemployment were obtained from government sources. Statistical analysis was performed using univariate and multivariate linear regression. The average monthly incidence of orthopedic trauma was 2.92 cases per 100,000 people. Of 15 economic indicators analyzed with univariate regression, 7 variables correlated with trauma incidence to statistical significance. Dow Jones Industrial Average (
P
=.032), Standard & Poor's 500 (
P
=.034), vehicle miles driven (
P
<.001), personal disposable income (
P
=.033), Coincident Economic Activity Index for California (
P
=.007), and vehicles purchased (
P
<.001) were positively correlated with trauma incidence. Unemployment (
P
<.001) was inversely correlated with trauma incidence. Multivariate regression was used to compute a combination of independent predictors of trauma volume: personal disposable income (
P
<.001), vehicles purchased (
P
=.008), and unemployment (
P
=.005). This combination of variables was used to develop the Crush Index to model the relationship between economic activity and orthopedic trauma volume. The authors show a positive correlation between economic strength and activity and the monthly volume of high-energy orthopedic trauma. The Crush Index serves as a proof of concept that may be useful in guiding preparedness among practitioners and health care system administrators. [
Orthopedics.
2017; 40(4):248–255.]
Combination Surgery With Transcorneal Microincision Vitrectomy Surgery and Intrascleral Intraocular Lens Fixation for Spontaneous Intraocular Lens Luxation
Authors: Kohzaki Kenichi , Gunji Hisato , Tsuneoka Hiroshi
Published: March 2017

To present a combination technique for two cases of in-the-bag intraocular lens (IOL) luxation into the vitreous cavity. Vitrectomy was performed via a cornea microincision vitrectomy system, and the luxated IOL was fixed into the sclera. IOL fixation is simple from no trocar cannulas and less disrupted conjunctiva. Postoperative corneal endothelial cell density in Case 1 and Case 2 were reduced by −2.1% and −5.1%, respectively. Postoperative frequency of hexagon was decreased in Case 1 but maintained in Case 2. The authors concluded that combination surgery has distinct benefits for IOL luxation; however, long-term corneal changes need to be further assessed.

[

Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2017;48:267–271.

]
Avascular Retinal Findings in a Child With Achondroplasia
Authors: Hua Hong-Uyen T. , Tran Kimberly D. , Medina Carlos A. , Fallas Brenda , Negron Cathy , Berrocal Audina M.
Published: March 2017

The authors present clinical and angiographic findings in a 12-year-old girl with achondroplasia who presented with bilateral retinal peripheral nonperfusion and unilateral rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, which has not been previously described in achondroplasia. This report contributes incremental knowledge regarding aberrant retinal vascular phenomena observed in pediatric disease states and implicates the possible role of mutations in the
FGFR3
gene in peripheral vascular abnormalities.

[

Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2017;48:272–274.

]
case study of early British Sherlockian fandom
Authors: Brombley Katharine
Published: March 2017

Previous studies of Sherlock Holmes fandom have concentrated on fan letters as being exemplary of the early beginnings of the Great Game: a fantasy played by fans that acts upon the belief that Sherlock Holmes exists. Fans, while fully comprehending that it is indeed a fantasy or a game, perform fan activities such as historical and literary analysis as if Holmes were real. This paper shifts the focus away from letter writing as the central means of the expression of this ironic belief and looks at the example of collecting autographs as a means of celebration of the canon. It places the autograph in its historical context of being the meeting point between the remnants of the Romantic theory of genius, the development of pseudosciences such as the interpretation of handwriting, and the literary, cultural, and commercial landscape in which Holmes appeared.
"Fan phenomena: Sherlock Holmes," edited by Tom Ue and Jonathan Cranfield
Authors: Harrington Ellen Burton
Published: March 2017

Review of Tom Ue and Jonathan Cranfield, editors, Fan Phenomena: Sherlock Holmes. Bristol, UK: Intellect, 2014, paperback, $28.50 (164p) ISBN 9781783202058.
A Comparative Study of Teachers' and Engineering Students' Enterprise 3.0 Application in Entrepreneurship
Authors: Ahrens Andreas , Bassus Olaf , Zaščerinska Jeļena
Published: March 2017

Everyone may at some stage need to become an entrepreneur or to display entrepreneurial behaviour or to have the opportunity of creating his/her own business regardless of background or location (EU Commission, 2004). Efficient business is shaped by such an essential factor as Enterprise 3.0 application in entrepreneurship. The aim of this chapter is to analyse teachers' and engineering students' Enterprise 3.0 application in entrepreneurship, underpinning elaboration of a hypothesis on the integration of teachers' and engineering students' Enterprise 3.0 application into teacher training and engineering education for efficient entrepreneurship. The meaning of key concepts of enterprise, entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship education, Enterprise 3.0, and Enterprise 3.0 application is studied. Exploratory research of the comparative study has been used. The empirical study included teachers' and students' case studies. Descriptive statistics were implemented for primary data analysis. The findings allow drawing the conclusions on the teachers' and engineering students' Enterprise 3.0 application in entrepreneurship. A hypothesis is proposed.
Entrepreneurship Policy Framework
Authors: Chauhan Raghubir Singh , Das Rituparna
Published: March 2017

The ongoing debate regarding how to formulate an entrepreneurship policy is globally vital so it is pertinent to understand the other dimensions also. By using a broad spectrum of space and time, and covering heterogeneous correlation the why, what if, where etc. regarding policy framework and deeper fundamentals of global economic understanding as well as misunderstanding is explored on an intersubjective context. By multi-stage data substantiation, analysis and literature review the direction and important determinants of policy framework are examined.
Entrepreneurship Education and University Students' Entrepreneurial Intentions in Bangladesh
Authors: Huq Sheikh Md. Monzurul , Huque Sheikh Mohammed Rafiul , Rana Md. Baktiar
Published: March 2017

A university plays a fundamental role in establishing and developing an entrepreneurial-oriented economy. The entrepreneurship education has been recognized very important which helps students to understand and foster entrepreneurial intention and attitude. The purpose of the present study is to examine entrepreneurship education and associated entrepreneurial intentions of students of public and private universities of Bangladesh. Few empirical studies done in Bangladesh have examined the entrepreneurial intentions of the university students. This study will fill the research gap in this respect. This study implies that university role, types of course programs influence attitude and intention and elevates the chances that students would eventually choose an entrepreneurial career. The findings of this study have policy implications in inducing more university graduates to start their own businesses.
Ensuring Environmental Sustainability through Sustainable Entrepreneurship
Authors: Abereijo Isaac Oluwajoba
Published: March 2017

Sustainability has become an important issue worldwide because of great concerns about the unintended social, environmental, and economic effects of increasing population and economic growth, as well as consumption of natural resources. One recent concept arising from sustainability issue is sustainable entrepreneurship which integrates both the social and environmental aspects, and linking them with entrepreneurial activities. This chapter therefore suggests that efforts of developing countries at promoting entrepreneurship should go beyond engaging in business enterprises but include encouraging the use of entrepreneurial values and approaches to solve sustainability problems. Hence, this chapter is an effort at developing a framework that can be used to influence sustainable entrepreneurship behaviour of the students in developing countries.
Genesis and Development of Social Entrepreneurship in India
Authors: Baporikar Neeta
Published: March 2017

Societies world over are urgently seeking innovative approaches to address persistent social problems of health care, poverty, child labour, literacy etc. These problems not only persist but also have increased in intensity and complexity. Thus, there is furor for innovative entrepreneurial approaches that can create more social value with limited resources. These approaches need to leverage better on resources to enhance effectiveness through creative partnerships by raised expectations, performance and accountability so as to achieve more sustainable social impact. What business entrepreneurs are to the economy, social entrepreneurs are to society? They may, like business entrepreneurs, be interested in profit, but their emphasis is on social change. While the challenges in the social sector are many, the potential and opportunity for social entrepreneurship to be a powerful force for social value creation has never been greater. Through grounded research and in depth contextual analysis, this chapter focuses on India's genesis and development of social entrepreneurship.
A Systemic Approach towards Responsible and Sustainable Economic Development
Authors: Van der Westhuizen Thea
Published: March 2017

A possible way to increase responsible and sustainable economic development is to enhance collective innovation and entrepreneurship on various systemic levels in order to gain socio-economic developmental momentum. In an era which faces socio-economic changes on multiple systemic levels, especially within the mundosystem, collective and creative approaches towards systemic activities are necessary, not only to drive businesses forward, but to give momentum to global economies. In this chapter, the author philosophizes about entrepreneurship, systems theory and socio-economic momentum and how these play an important role to give momentum to responsible and sustainable economic growth.
General Enterprising Tendency (GET) and Recommendations to Boost Entrepreneurship Education in Sarawak
Authors: Ha Lee Ming , Ling Edith Lim Ai , Muniapan Balakrishnan , Gregory Margaret Lucy
Published: March 2017

This paper explores the General Enterprising Tendency (GET) test used to examine the enterprising tendency among business students in Sarawak. The findings from a sample of 75 final year business students indicate low scores in five key enterprising tendencies, namely: need for achievement, need for autonomy, calculated risk taking, drive and determination and creative tendency (innovativeness). To explore the reasons for these low scores, focus group interviews with the students were conducted and reasons for the low enterprising tendencies and barriers for entrepreneurial development were identified. The authors provide some recommendations to rejuvenate the interest in entrepreneurship culture among business students and eliminate entrepreneurial barriers. This paper has a practical implication for universities and business schools to re-examine their current business and entrepreneurship curriculum, as one of the purposes of a business school is to produce entrepreneurs or business leaders to contribute to economic growth and development.
Clustering Global Entrepreneurship through Data Mining Technique
Authors: Fernandes Paula Odete , Lopes Rui Pedro
Published: March 2017

The purpose of this chapter is to contribute for the identification of groups of countries that share similar patterns regarding the characteristics of Global Entrepreneurship and capturing features of entrepreneurship by focusing on entrepreneurial attitudes and entrepreneurial activity. For this purpose, 67 countries from 2013 GEM survey were selected, and Data Mining Methodology was used. In particular, evolutionary computation is used to determine a finite set of categories to describe the data set according to multi-dimensional similarities among its objects. In other words, several clustering algorithms where used, to get the best categories possible. The results show four clusters with different entrepreneurial attitudes among the countries - very high, medium and low entrepreneurial attitudes and entrepreneurial activities.
Social Innovation and Entrepreneurship
Authors: Carvalho João M. S.
Published: March 2017

This chapter provides a summarized and objective review over the relationships among innovation, social innovation, entrepreneurship, social entrepreneurship, new business models (NBM), and product (good, service, idea) value and sustainability (economic, social, ecological, and psychological). A study has been done in Porto region through interviews with 13 social innovators and entrepreneurs, in order to evaluate those relationship. The conceptual base for analysis is the theories developed by Jonker (2012) and Carvalho and Jonker (2015). It has been concluded that market-oriented social innovation has a crucial role in the development social entrepreneurship. Moreover, these NBM should be adjusted to population needs towards societal well-being, by combining creation of shared value, co-creation of value, and multiple value creation. Thus, the value set (social innovation) contributes to economic, social, ecological, and psychological sustainability, and consequently to human, social and territorial development.
Social Entrepreneurship and Income Distribution
Authors: Castaño-Martínez María-Soledad , Méndez-Picazo María-Teresa , Galindo-Martín Miguel-Ángel
Published: March 2017

Social entrepreneurship is one of the most important forms of entrepreneurship, especially in the context of the current economic crisis. The aim of this chapter is to analyze the influence of a number of factors, such as income distribution, institutions, and human capital on social entrepreneurship. In addition, it analyses the impact of these factors and social entrepreneurship on economic performance. This chapter includes an empirical analysis, with Partial Least Square (PLS) estimation for 29 countries using data from 2012.
Academic Entrepreneurship as a Catalyst for Quality Higher Education
Authors: Parker Shalaka
Published: March 2017

Higher Education in the post globalization knowledge economy is beset with a host of problems pertaining to quality. Higher Educational Institutions (HEIs) are in a dire need of strengthening individual and institutional effectiveness in imparting higher education that meets the global quality requirements. In keeping with the current scenario of Higher Education, it is essential to understand the bi-focal role of Academic Entrepreneurship and Academic Leadership in enhancing the quality of Higher Education. The purpose of this chapter is to understand the symbiotic relation between the two and their role in enhancing the quality of higher education. It also attempts to propose an integrated framework of the Indian Higher Education System's entrepreneurial and leadership system and finally it attempts to devise or suggest strategies to be adopted by both in synchrony to act as catalysts' for Quality Higher Education.
The Lebanese Way
Authors: Hess John Stephen
Published: March 2017

Within this diverse and often unstable environment, the social phenomenon of entrepreneurship has emerged. Although this concept is found in many segments of society and individuals, it is often linked to the small business venture, and this environment is where our research will take place. Defining the term presents some challenges because it is more of an activity encompassing a wide range of character traits and skills than just a static concept. Additionally, the Lebanese context may share in the collective nature of a definition, but will also offer unique displays of entrepreneurship that may differ from other societies.
Solidarity Entrepreneurship in Knowledge Economies
Authors: Saiz-Alvarez José Manuel
Published: March 2017

Solidarity Entrepreneurship is a new economic paradigm characterized by public-private cooperation to fight poverty. The objective of this chapter is to introduce new concepts and classifications to analyze this paradigm. To cope with this goal, the main Pro-Poor Growth Indexes are described, but they are insufficient to eliminate, or at least reduce, poverty. After being warned about the dangers between the generation of poverty and the rise of populism, the author proposes four solutions to avoid this problem: the development of solidarity entrepreneurs, strengthening education in entrepreneurship, boosting the venture partnership, and increasing the amount approved for the Official Development Aid. The work ends with a conclusion and future research directions.
Women Entrepreneurship Across Nations
Authors: Nair Suja R.
Published: March 2017

Since the past two decades the concept of women entrepreneurship has gained recognition as a significant contributor towards the economic growth of the country. This can be attributed to the many encouraging factors like family support, flexibility in work family schedule, encouraging policies etc. Nevertheless, there also exist certain barriers that hinder their path of progress. In the context of globalization today, women entrepreneurs across nations are also engaged in identifying opportunities for further growth. In this pursuit they face a number of challenges amidst the opportunities. The chapter intends to make a contribution to the topic of women entrepreneurship by examining what initiates entrepreneurship among individuals, comparison between male and female entrepreneurs, factors that encourage women entrepreneurs as well as those that inhibit their growth and on ways to overcome the challenges they face.
Societal Influence on the Cognitive Aspects of Entrepreneurship
Authors: Baporikar Neeta
Published: March 2017

Social history in last century has witnessed a transformation not experienced in any period before. How people are affected - what sort of characteristics individuals have – how they try to handle situation is multi-perspective. Understanding inter-societal and interpersonal relationship systems that are based on fluctuation and competition issues have been studied thoroughly. But, the role of entrepreneurship in dealing with competition has drawn researchers' extensive interest of late. Entrepreneurship is associated with the fields of administration, business, management and economics. However, in reality it is multi and interdisciplinary, with psychology having a bearing on the growth of entrepreneurship concept as is used with the broader meaning today. Through grounded research and content analysis, the core of this paper is to sketch out and understand how societal influence affects the cognitive aspects of entrepreneurship.
Students' Creativity and Entrepreneurial Learning for Developing Corporate Entrepreneurship
Authors: Secundo Giustina , Del Vecchio Pasquale , Passiante Giuseppina , Paoletto Mirco
Published: March 2017

The chapter aims to contribute at the discussion on the role of creativity in sustaining corporate entrepreneurship development by focusing on entrepreneurial learning in the context of incumbent enterprises. Empirical evidences coming from the case study of “Mimprendo” project (www.mimprendo.it), an initiative promoted by the Italian Conference of the University Colleges and the Italian Association of Young Entrepreneurs, are presented. Findings provides insights about the collaborative entrepreneurial learning as happening in the community composed by University students, entrepreneurs, and researchers to solve relevant managerial and entrepreneurial innovation's needs. Those evidences are at the basis of an integrated framework aimed to provide a coherent and a systematic view on the collaborative entrepreneurial learning processes to nurture, select, and implement creative ideas of universities students for sustaining the corporate entrepreneurship in incumbent companies.
Entrepreneurship in a Modern Networked Indian Economy
Authors: Baporikar Neeta
Published: March 2017

Entrepreneurship is important in the daily business environment and is plays a crucial role in the world economy. Entrepreneurship is an interesting topic as it deals with the behaviour of the firm entrepreneur and the entrepreneur's main competencies. However, the field of entrepreneurship world over is evolving and so is it in India. The focus of this paper is on entrepreneurship in modern networked economy of India. In this survey paper the literature on entrepreneurship is summarized from the perspective of geographical seedbed conditions and network constellations. Urban areas offer favourable incubator conditions for innovative entrepreneurship, as a result of economies of density and the opportunities created by the city as a nucleus of a broader network. Hence, a modem entrepreneur tends to become increasingly a network operator and manager. The paper focuses on the role that small firms and entrepreneurship would play in the Indian economy as it transforms itself. The current constraints are identified, and the areas that need action are highlighted. It is argued that a better understanding of the process of evolution of the modern entrepreneurship in the late industrializing economies can help India make appropriate policy choices. It is also suggested that in the age of liberalization and globalization, any attempt at creation of a competitive environment in the country would need to explicitly take note of the emerging global production and knowledge networks.
The Impact of Entrepreneurial Sustainable Universities in Regional Development
Authors: Celikdemir Deniz Zaptcioglu , Katrinli Alev
Published: March 2017

The chapter presents the impact of entrepreneurial sustainable universities in regional development by considering the effect of institutional approach. The aim of the chapter is to explain the concept of an entrepreneurial sustainable university within institutional approach. The entrepreneurial sustainability in higher education is analyzed and its relationship with other concepts, such as ethics and corporate social responsibility. Higher education is important for social and economic development, their relationship with entrepreneurial sustainability should also be examined. The entrepreneurial activities of university and its contribution to regional development are emphasized.
The Importance of Entrepreneurship in Global Business
Authors: Kasemsap Kijpokin
Published: March 2017

This chapter reveals the overview of entrepreneurship; entrepreneurship and innovation; the emerging trends of corporate entrepreneurship; sustainable entrepreneurship approach; entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial activity; the perspectives on entrepreneur; and the importance of entrepreneurship in global business. Entrepreneurship is a process of actions of an entrepreneur who is a person in search of something new and exploits such ideas into gainful opportunities by accepting the risk and uncertainty with the enterprise. Entrepreneurship results into the creation of organizations when entrepreneurs assemble the physical, human, and financial resources and direct them toward the achievement of objectives through managerial skills. The importance of entrepreneurship lies in the fact that it helps in identifying and developing the managerial capabilities of entrepreneurs. The chapter argues that fostering entrepreneurship has the potential to enhance organizational performance and reach strategic goals in global business.
Advanced Issues of Internationalization, International Entrepreneurship, and Entrepreneurial Marketing in SMEs
Authors: Kasemsap Kijpokin
Published: March 2017

The purpose of this article is to summarize the insights from the literature review focusing on the advanced issues of internationalization, international entrepreneurship, and entrepreneurial marketing in SMEs. SMEs with a higher degree of internationalization, international entrepreneurship, and entrepreneurial marketing are able to innovate more, as well as protect and exploit better those innovations. Without appropriate capabilities and knowledge, international expansion of SMEs may not lead to the improved performance. Thus, an important role of SME managers is to establish their capabilities that are useful for the execution of internationalization, international entrepreneurship, and entrepreneurial marketing in global business. Extending collaboration to the international arena through internationalization, international entrepreneurship, and entrepreneurial marketing can strengthen the opportunities for SMEs.
Transient leukocytosis in Emergency Room: an overlooked issue
Authors: Bertolino Giampiera , Quaglia Federica , Scudeller Luigia , Ceresa Iride , Balduini Carlo L.
Published: March 2017

Leukocytosis is regarded as a reliable marker of a serious disorder requiring hospitalization. However, leukocytosis often disappears once the patient is admitted to a medical ward; differential diagnosis of leukocytosis is often overlooked in the busy Emergency Room (ER) routine. We retrospectively evaluated the clinical records of 565 consecutive patients admitted to the Department of Internal Medicine (DIM) after examination in ER. Mean leukocyte count was 11.4×109/L in ER and 10.1×109/L in DIM (P<0.001). Leukocytosis was found in 53.1% of patients in ER, but in 33% of these it was no longer evident on the following day, unrelated to baseline white blood cells (WBC) count, age, sex, diagnosis, C-reactive protein level and early antibiotic treatment. A reduction in WBC count larger than 40% from baseline occurred in 13.6% of all subjects, and in 31.7% of those with transient leukocytosis. Leukocytosis in ER is frequent, but it is often transient and not associated with an infectious cause. Other causes, including psychological stress caused by the ER access itself, should be considered in the differential diagnosis.
La Nuova Carta degli Operatori Sanitari / The New Charter for Healthcare Workers
Authors: Spagnolo Antonio G.
Published: March 2017

Non disponibile / Not available
Relationship between patient-reported and objective measurements of hand function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Günay S.M. , Tuna Z. , Oskay D.
Published: March 2017

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) often results in impairments in upper extremities, especially in the small joints of hand. Involvement of hand brings limitations in activities of daily living. However, it is commonly observed that patient-reported functional status of hand does not always corresponds to their actual physical performance in the clinical setting. The aim of this pilot study is to investigate the relationship between patient self-reported and objectively measured hand functions in patients with RA. Twenty-six patients (51±13 years) with RA diagnosis participated in the study. Hand grip and pinch (lateral, bipod, tripod) strengths were measured and Jebsen Hand Function Test (JHFT) was performed for objective functional performance. Duruöz Hand Index and Beck Depression Inventory - Turkish version were completed by patients. Grip and all three-pinch strength results significantly correlated with Duruöz Hand Index scores (p<0.05). JHFT results except the sentence writing also correlated with the Duruöz scores (p<0.05). Our results showed that self-reported outcome scales might be used for determining functional level of hand in patients with RA in rheumatology practice. Objective quantitative functional tests are the best methods in evaluating functional level of hand, but require valid and reliable equipment with accurate calibration. Therefore, in case of unavailability of objective assessment tools, patient-reported scales may also reflect the real status of hand functions.
An interim report on geological, structural, and geochronological investigations of granitoid rocks in the vicinity of the Swayze greenstone belt, southern Superior Province, Ontario
Authors: Heather K B , van Breemen O
Published: March 2017

Lithological and structural mapping of granitoid rocks both within and surrounding the Swayze greenstone belt is described and preliminary U-Pb zircon geochronology presented (Swayze NODA project). There is a temporal progression, based on crosscutting
relationships and supported by geochronology, from early, more mafic, hornblende-rich diorites through hornblende and biotite tonalites and granodiorites to more felsic, hornblende- and biotite-bearing granodiorites and granites. This progression can be documented within the Kenogamissi Batholith
and the Ramsey-Algoma granitoid complex. The Kenogamissi Batholith consists of early, 2713 +2/-3 Ma, foliated hornblendeæbiotite tonalites which are cut by 2697 ± 3 Ma, foliated biotite tonalites. The northern and southern margins of the batholith consist of massive to foliated, potassium
feldspar megacrystic, hornblende granodiorite to granite which crosscuts the earlier tonalite phases. The southern phase yielded an age of 2682 ± 3 Ma while the northern phase is younger than 2695 Ma. Late, ca. 2665 Ma, massive, nonfoliated biotite granites with associated aplite and pegmatite
dykes crosscut all of the tonalite and granodiorite phases. The 2740 ± 2 Ma Chester biotite trondhjemite and the presence of a 2730-2740 Ma inherited zircon population within a ca. 2700 Ma felsic metavolcanic rock may indicate the presence of a more aerial extensive, older volcano-plutonic
package of rocks.
The convoluted "layer-cake": an old recipe with new ingredients for the Swayze greenstone belt, southern Superior Province, Ontario
Authors: Heather K B , Shore G T , van Breemen O
Published: March 2017

Lithological and structural mapping, in conjunction with U-Pb zircon geochronology, indicates that a regionally coherent, upward facing, pre-D2 stratigraphic sequence (i.e., the "layer-cake") is locally preserved in low strain domains within the Swayze greenstone
belt. This stratigraphic sequence has undergone regional, upright F2 folding which can be characterized as thick-skinned, involving large, sheet-like synvolcanic tonalite and diorite intrusions. The F2 folds are doubly plunging and produce a distinctive cuspate-lobate fold geometry. Recognition of a
coherent pre-D2 stratigraphic sequence will allow for the deciphering of the earlier D1 regional structures and to extrapolate economically favourable packages of rocks into areas affected by D2 folding, and overprinted by D3 and D4 structures (i.e.,"convoluted"). The northeast-striking Wakami
high-strain zone is a sinistral, extensional shear that may be analogous to the gold producing, northeast-striking, Kirkland Lake break. New age dates establish the presence of an older package of rocks along the southern margin of the Swayze belt.
Differential subsidence and tectonic control of sedimentation in the Stellarton Basin, Pictou Coalfield, Nova Scotia
Authors: Waldron J W F
Published: March 2017

The Stellarton Basin, containing the Pictou Coalfield, has been recently interpreted as a pull-apart basin formed on a dextral strike-slip system during Westphalian time. Core logs from part of the basin fill show, after correction for tilt and decompaction, a
consistent southward increase in thickness, transverse to the basin axis. Thickness variations parallel to the basin axis are minor. Coal seams represent approximate paleo-horizontal datum planes; southward thickening therefore indicates synsedimentary tilting of the basin. The southern basin margin
is interpreted as fault-bounded. Subsidence at the fault-bounded southern margin of the basin created accommodation space which trapped clastic sediment; peat accumulation occurred on the sediment-starved flexural basin margin in the north.
A preliminary report on the U-Pb geochronology of the Meta Incognita Peninsula, southern Baffin Island, Northwest Territories
Authors: Wodicka N , Scott D J
Published: March 2017

U-Pb geochronological results from southern Baffin Island suggest that rocks of the Meta Incognita Peninsula and Big Island did not share common tectonic histories until their juxtaposition along the Mina mylonite zone. Supracrustal rocks of the Meta Incognita
Peninsula record two metamorphic events. M1 metamorphism at þ1845-1840 Ma followed D1 thrusting and may have resulted from heat advected during emplacement of the ca. 1857-1850 Ma Cumberland batholith. The younger M2 event (ca. 1829-1814 Ma) was broadly coeval with D2 imbrication. In contrast,
metamorphism of supracrustal rocks of Big Island occurred no earlier than ca. 1815 Ma, and was probably in response to D2 overthrusting. Deformation within the Mina mylonite zone was underway prior to 1825 Ma and ended by ca. 1795 Ma. A 2875 +9/-7 Ma tonalite indicates the presence of Archean rocks
on Big Island, which are correlated with the Superior Province basement to the Ungava Orogen.
Well-log interpretation of gas-hydrate-bearing formations in the JAPEX/JNOC/GSC Mallik 2L-38 gas hydrate research well
Authors: Miyairi M , Akihisa K , Uchida T , Collett T S , Dallimore S
R
Published: March 2017

Techniques for evaluating subsurface natural gas hydrate were part of the JNOC/GSC/JAPEX joint research project. The physical properties of pure methane hydrate, related to well-log responses, were directly measured and/or calculated based on its
physico-chemical properties. A petrophysical model of the pore-filling gas hydrate was built considering the existence of thermally dissociated free gas in the pores of the formation. Tool sensitivity to gas hydrate content was analyzed, and formation resistivity and acoustic transit time were
found to show distinct sensitivity. Three practical methods for evaluating gas hydrate content were proposed and were tested to confirm their applicability: 1) the resistivity method, 2) the acoustic-velocity method, and 3) the statistical-inversion-analysis method. The porosity and gas hydrate
saturation results calculated from these methods agreed quite well. Thus, reasonable interpretations can be achieved using these methods if the drilling and log measurements are carefully designed, and the zoning and parameter settings are made properly in pore-filling-type gas hydrate occurrences
similar to those found in the JAPEX/JNOC/GSC Mallik 2L-38 gas hydrate research well.
Petrophysical characteristics of gas-hydrate-bearing and gas-hydrate-free formations in the JAPEX/JNOC/GSC et al. Mallik 5L-38 gas hydrate production research well
Authors: Katsube T J , Dallimore S R , Jonasson I
R , Connell-Madore S , Medioli B E , Uchida T , Wright J F , Scromeda N
Published: March 2017

Routine petrophysical characteristics (helium porosity and gas permeability) and pore-size distribution (0.0025 - 250 ìm) have been investigated for sediments from gas-hydrate-bearing and gas-hydrate-free formations (900 - 1090 m depth) in the JAPEX/JNOC/GSC et
al. Mallik 5L-38 gas hydrate production research well, to provide information for assessing the petrophysical factors controlling the efficiency of gas hydrate production. This follows special petrophysical studies on seal quality of similar sediments in the JAPEX/JNOC/GSC Mallik 2L-38 well and on
shallow seals (50 - 400 m depths) in marine environments that could affect the textures of gas-hydrate-bearing formations.

Results indicate that effective, storage, and connecting porosities of these sediments are 13 to 42%, 0.4 to 41%, and 0.6 to 13%, respectively, and the gas permeability is 0.1 to 7000 mD. Increased gas hydrate content is 1) associated with increased effective porosity and gas
permeability; 2) not always associated with increased storage porosity, as would have been expected; but 3) sometimes associated with increased connecting porosity.