bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Iris image retrieval using partial matching of image blocks
Authors: Afkhamnia Fahimeh , Boroujeni Farsad Zamani , Soltanaghaei Mohammad Reza
Published: June 2024

The problem of human identification through recognition of patterns in iris images captured in unconstrained environments results in image artefacts such as image occlusion and specular reflection, in which iris tissue is observable to extremely low content. To overcome this problem, this paper presents a novel method for iris image retrieval and recognition based on partial pattern matching. The main contribution of the proposed method relies on an image partitioning schema in which the iris is divided into non‐overlapping blocks with varying dimensions, facilitating the identification and removal of image regions impaired by eyelids, eyelashes, and specular reflections. In fact, the blocks that contain artefacts are completely ignored and those blocks are preserved that include useful patterns for identification. In addition, a multi‐feature similarity followed by a score fusion technique is employed for ranking the retrieval results. The remarkable results of the classification stage include an accuracy of 100%, 98.75%, and 99.94% on three benchmark databases, including UPOL, UBIRIS.V2, and CASIA‐Iris‐Interval.v3, respectively. Additionally, in the retrieval stage, the proposed method achieves a precision of 100% on all three benchmark databases, a recall of 83.33%, and a F1‐measure of 90.91 on the CASIA‐Iris‐Interval.v3 dataset.
The imprint of magnetic fields on absorption spectra from circumgalactic wind-cloud systems
Authors: Casavecchia Benedetta , Banda-Barragán Wladimir E. , Brüggen Marcus , Brighenti Fabrizio , Scannapieco Evan
Published: June 2024

Context. Galactic winds determine how stellar feedback regulates the mass and metallicity of galaxies. Observational studies show that galactic winds are multi-phase and magnetised. In the local Universe, the dense phase is traced by emission and absorption lines, which reveal the presence of fast-moving clouds embedded in hot streams. Simulations of such streams indicate to us that magnetic fields can shield such clouds and help to delay their disruption, but observational effects are rarely discussed.

Aims. Using a suite of 3D magnetohydrodynamical simulations, we studied the influence of two orientations of the magnetic field (aligned and transverse to the wind) on the cloud morphology, temperature and density structure, mixing fraction, ion kinematics, column densities, and absorption spectra.

Methods. We numerically studied supersonic wind-cloud systems with radiative processes, and developed a framework to extract ion column density maps and synthetic absorption spectra. The framework relies on studying ion populations and creating down-the-barrel spectra via an interface that links our PLUTO simulations to TRIDENT using the yt-package infrastructure, CLOUDY, and STARBURST99.

Results. We find that the transverse initial magnetic field makes the cloud asymmetric, shields and protects dense cold gas, and reduces mixing fractions compared to the aligned case. Ions can reach higher velocities in the transverse field case. The imprints of the initial orientation of the field on the synthetic spectra can be described as follow: (a) in the cold phase, we find no signature of C II and Si II when the field is aligned; (b) in the intermediate phase traced by C IV and Si IV, we find broader lines in the transverse case; and (c) in the warm phase, we find deeper lines for O VI and N V in the aligned case, but they are less sensitive overall to the field orientation.

Conclusions. Magnetic fields significantly affect the absorption spectra of cold clouds. Intermediate ions are the most sensitive to the magnetic field orientation and can potentially yield information about magnetic field topology.
Caustic area biases and how to deal with them
Authors: Sonnenfeld Alessandro
Published: June 2024

Quadruply imaged strongly lensed point sources (quads) are routinely used for measurements of the expansion rate of the Universe with time delays. It has recently been suggested that any quad lens is subject to a Malmquist-like bias that causes the inferred area enclosed within the tangential caustic to be systematically underestimated, and that such a bias might translate into a corresponding bias on the expansion parameter. In this work we extended that analysis by also considering the effect of Eddington bias. We find that the sign and amplitude of the combined bias depend on the functional form of the caustic area distribution of the lens population and on the noise associated with the caustic area estimation process. Based on simulations, we estimate that the corresponding impact on H0 is of the order of a percent or smaller. If the likelihood of the lensing data is known, then the bias can be accounted for when modelling the lens population. However, ignoring the criteria used to select a quad might lead to a bias at the lens modelling stage that causes the inferred caustic area to be overestimated. Such a bias disappears for lens models that are well constrained by the data.
Ultra-low-frequency LOFAR spectral indices of cluster radio halos
Authors: Pasini T. , De Gasperin F. , Brüggen M. , Cassano R. , Botteon A. , Brunetti G. , Edler H. W. , van Weeren R. J. , Cuciti V. , Shimwell T. , Di Gennaro G. , Gaspari M. , Hardcastle M. , Rottgering H. J. A. , Tasse C.
Published: June 2024

Context. A fraction of galaxy clusters harbor diffuse radio sources known as radio halos. The prevailing theory regarding their formation is based on second-order Fermi reacceleration of seed electrons caused by merger-driven turbulence in the intra-cluster medium. This mechanism is expected to be inefficient, which implies that a significant fraction of halos should have very steep energy spectra (α < −1.5).

Aims. We start investigating the potential and current limitations of the combination of the two surveys conducted by LOFAR, LoTSS (144 MHz) and LoLSS (54 MHz), to probe the origin of radio halos.

Methods. We followed up the 20 radio halos detected in Data Release 1 of LoTSS, which covers the HETDEX field, with the LoLSS survey, and we studied their spectral properties between 54 and 144 MHz.

Results. After removing compact sources, nine halos were excluded due to unreliable halo flux density measurements at 54 MHz. Our main finding is that 7 out of 11 (∼64%) exhibit an ultra-steep spectrum (α < −1.5), which is a key prediction of turbulent reacceleration models. We also note a tentative trend for more massive systems to host flatter halos, although the currently poor statistics do not allow for a deeper analysis.

Conclusions. Our sample suffers from low angular resolution at 54 MHz, which limits the accuracy of the compact-source subtraction. Nevertheless, this study is the first step toward providing compelling evidence for the existence of a large fraction of radio halos with a very steep spectrum, which is a fundamental prediction of turbulent reacceleration models. In this regard, the forthcoming second data release of LoLSS, along with the integration of LOFAR international stations and the instrumental upgrade to LOFAR2.0, will improve both the statistics and the low-frequency angular resolution, allowing us to determine the origin of radio halos in galaxy clusters conclusively.
Development and implementation of an innovative business model to enhance the efficiency of wheat cultivation processes in peasant farms
Authors: Gelmanova Zoya , Batyrbek Alibek
Published: June 2024

The article evaluates the efficiency of business processes of wheat growing, allowing to identify the potential for development of the farm. The article examines the variables that form the business model “as it should be”. Due to the high level of detail, the business process requires extensive problem solving, considering multiple factors at each stage. The business model is a “guide” to help understand how to proceed. The planned results of updating the business process of wheat growing in the farm will allow achieving a higher level of comparative efficiency of its economic activity as a whole.
Navigating the nexus: Sustainable integration of agro-industrial complexes into global agribusiness ecosystems
Authors: Rushchitskaya Olga , Kulikova Elena , Ruchkin Aleksey , Kruzhkova Tatyana
Published: June 2024

This article delves into the critical intersection between agroindustrial complexes and the broader agribusiness sector, focusing on sustainable integration strategies to enhance global food security, environmental stewardship, and economic viability. As the global population burgeons and the demand for food escalates, the imperative to optimize agricultural production while mitigating environmental impacts has never been more pressing. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of current agro-industrial practices, identifying both challenges and opportunities for sustainable development within the agribusiness ecosystem. Through a multidisciplinary approach, it examines innovative technologies, circular economy principles, and policy frameworks that can foster synergies between agricultural production, industrial processes, and environmental sustainability. The study highlights case studies where integrated agro-industrial and agribusiness models have led to improved resource efficiency, reduced waste, and enhanced socio-economic benefits. It argues for a holistic view of the agro-industrial complex as an integral component of the global agribusiness ecosystem, proposing actionable strategies for stakeholders to navigate the complexities of sustainable integration. This article contributes to the ongoing discourse on sustainable agriculture, offering insights and frameworks that can guide the evolution of the agro-industrial complex in alignment with global sustainability objectives.
Discriminant analysis of subsidies profitability in supporting investments in agricultural organizations in Russia
Authors: Maslakova Vesta , Kozlov Kirill
Published: June 2024

Agriculture is an important business of managing and working in the area of farming. It provides the population with the staple farm produce and raw materials, contributes to the development of rural areas and creates jobs. Agriculture plays a key role in achieving the sustainable development goals – poverty and hunger eradication, promoting inclusive and sustainable economic growth. The modern economic development involves the creation of sustainable industries, socially and environmentally oriented with an effective management system. All these issues require effective government financing of agriculture. Government funding should be focused not only on covering losses, but on achieving social and environmental sustainability. The discriminatory analysis of subsidies profitability in supporting investments in agriculture has been conducted according to the principles of ESG. As a result, the model allowing to select highly profitable agricultural producers which is similar to natural and climatic conditions with high potential for responsible investment in agriculture has been obtained. The drawbacks to the assessing system of public funds effectiveness have been identified. A comparative analysis between highly profitable and unprofitable organizations with use of indicator groups such as indexes of profitability, specialization, intensification, financial stability has been conducted. Research methods include effective and typological groupings, descriptive statistics, tabular and graphic methods, discriminant analysis, etc.
Design and analysis of noise protection measures for a residential building near a railway line
Authors: Opatskikh Anastasia
Published: June 2024

The article presents a solution to the problem of determining the impact of noise level on a residential low-rise building near a railway line, based on initial data. Based on the initial data, the author found the analytical value of the existing sound pressure level by considering factors such as the number of train pairs and types of trains, speed, and distance to the axis of the outermost track to the object under study. The analysis focused on the existing measures employed for noise protection and reduction. The author suggested an optimal set of measures for this location. To assess the efficacy of the implemented solutions, the author devised a sequence of analyzes. The author provides the conclusion and analysis of the most effective and economically workable measures.
Primary forest characteristics estimation through remote sensing data and machine learning: Sakhalin case study
Authors: Illarionova Svetlana , Smolina Alina , Shadrin Dmitrii
Published: June 2024

Currently, remote sensing techniques assist in various environmental applications and facilitate observation and spatial analysis. Machine learning algorithms allow researchers to find dependencies in satellite data and vegetation cover properties. One of the significant tasks for ecological assessment is associated with estimating forest characteristics and monitoring changes over time. In contrast to the general computer vision domain, remote sensing data and forestry measurements have their own specific requirements and necessitate tailored approaches that involve processing multispectral satellite data, creating feature spaces, and selecting training samples. In this study, we focus on extracting primary forest characteristics, including forest species groups, height, basal area, and timber stock. We utilise Sentinel-2 multispectral data to develop a machine learning-based solution for vast and remote territories. Timber stock is calculated using empirical formulas based on measurements of forest species groups, height, and basal area. These intermediate forest parameters are estimated using individually trained machine learning algorithms for each parameter. As a case study, we examine the Sakhalin region (Russia), which encompasses several forestries with varying vegetation properties. In Nevelskoye forestry, we achieved a mean absolute error (MAE) of 1.6m for height, 0.084 for basal area, and 47.8 m3/ha for timber stock. The results obtained demonstrate promise for further integrating artificial intelligencebased solutions into forestry decision-making processes and natural resources management.
Integrating climate science into resource management: Case studies and best practices
Authors: Sysoeva Tatyana , Sysoev Aleksandr , Matsak Larisa
Published: June 2024

The integration of climate science into resource management is critical for developing effective strategies to address the impacts of climate change on natural ecosystems and human livelihoods. This study explores the intersection of climate science and resource management through a series of detailed case studies, highlighting successful practices and lessons learned from diverse geographical regions. By examining the methodologies and outcomes of these case studies, we identify key factors that contribute to effective climate adaptation and resource sustainability. The research focuses on various ecosystems, including forests, wetlands, and agricultural landscapes, analyzing how climate data and predictive models have been utilized to inform management decisions. Best practices are derived from these case studies, emphasizing adaptive management approaches, stakeholder engagement, and the integration of traditional ecological knowledge. The study also addresses challenges such as data uncertainty, resource allocation, and policy implementation. Findings suggest that successful integration of climate science into resource management requires a multi-disciplinary approach, robust monitoring systems, and flexible policies that can adapt to changing conditions. This paper provides a comprehensive framework for practitioners and policymakers to enhance resilience and sustainability in resource management practices, ensuring that ecosystems and communities can better withstand the adverse effects of climate change.
Advancing environmental stewardship: The role of automation in enhanced environmental monitoring
Authors: Nazarov Dmitry , Sulimin Vladimir , Shvedov Vladislav
Published: June 2024

This article explores the transformative potential of automation in environmental monitoring, a pivotal development in the context of global environmental challenges. Traditional environmental monitoring methods, while effective, are often labor-intensive, time-consuming, and can be limited in scope and frequency. The advent of automation technologies presents a significant opportunity to overcome these limitations, offering more comprehensive, continuous, and precise monitoring capabilities. We examine the integration of automated sensors, drones, satellite imagery, and AI-driven data analysis tools in capturing real-time data on various environmental parameters, including air and water quality, biodiversity indices, and deforestation activities. This paper highlights case studies where automated monitoring systems have led to actionable insights, enabling more timely and informed decision-making in environmental conservation efforts. Furthermore, we discuss the implications of automation for enhancing the accuracy of environmental impact assessments and improving the effectiveness of policy interventions. Challenges related to data privacy, security, and the ethical use of automation technologies in environmental monitoring are also addressed. Ultimately, this article underscores the critical role of automation in advancing environmental stewardship, proposing a future where technology and nature coexist in harmony for a sustainable planet.
Overview of recent CMS results
Authors: Baty Austin
Published: June 2024

Recent results from the CMS Collaboration are presented. These measurements include a full physics program using ultraperipheral collisions such as photon-photon and photon-ion interactions, small collision systems including proton-proton and proton-lead collisions, and many measurements of hadronic ion-ion collisions. The properties of the quark-gluon plasma produced in ion-ion collisions are studied in detail. The measurements examine the number of degrees of freedom of the medium, the strength of jet quenching effects in the medium, the role of heavy flavor in hadronization processes, and more.
STAR Overview
Authors: Reed Rosi
Published: June 2024

The STAR experiment covers a wide range of energies and collisions thanks to RHIC’s versatility and STAR’s recent detector upgrades. In this contribution to the proceedings of the 2023 QuarkMatter conference, we highlight our new results from the Beam Energy Scan, system-size scans at top RHIC energies using a broad range of experimental probes.
Lattice QCD Overview
Authors: Pásztor Attila
Published: June 2024

I review recent progress in lattice QCD calculations of the QCD phase diagram and equation of state at non-zero temperature and baryochemical potential. I also discuss some connections with heavy ion collisions.
Physics of small systems experimental overview
Authors: Sun Jiayin
Published: June 2024

In these proceedings, new experimental results from collisions of small systems are summarized and discussed. Traditionally collisions of small systems are regarded as baselines for large AA collisions. However, recent measurements in collisions of small systems have found signatures of QGP similar to those observed in large systems, which makes the understanding of origin of the observables in small systems much more complex.
Relativistic dissipative magnetohydrodynamics from the Boltzmann equation for 2-particle species gas
Authors: Kushwah Khwahish , Denicol Gabriel S.
Published: June 2024

We derive the equations of motion of relativistic magnetohydrodynamics from the Boltzmann equation using the method of moments. We consider a locally electrically neutral system composed of two particle species with opposite charges, with vanishing dipole moment or spin, so that the fluid has vanishing magnetization and polarization. We find that the dynamics of this fluid changes dramatically in the presence of a magnetic field. The shear stress tensor no longer adheres to a single differential equation; instead, it splits into three non-degenerate components, each evolving according to distinct dynamical equations. Exploring these equations in a Bjorken flow scenario, we find that for large magnetic fields, our theory predicts oscillatory behavior beyond the scope of an Israel-Stewart-like theory.
New insights into global spin alignment of vector mesons using relativistic heavy-ion collisions from STAR
Authors: Xi Baoshan
Published: June 2024

In these proceedings, we present new measurements from STAR of the global spin alignment(ρ00) of ϕ mesons in Au+Au collisions at √SNN = 19.6, 14.6 GeV using BES-II data and of J/ψ mesons in isobar collisions 4496Ru + 4496Ru and 4096Zr + 4096Zr at √SNN = 200 GeV. The energy-dependent spin alignment for ϕ mesons from BES-II data is consistent with that published from BES-I and showcases a significant improvement in precision. We performed a new measurement assessing the rapidity dependence of ϕ meson ρ00, and our findings are consistent with theoretical predictions. The global spin alignment of J/ψ mesons with respect to first order event plane aligns with a value of 1/3 within the statistical error. Additionally, we discuss the procedure of measuring the global spin alignment of ρ0 mesons at RHIC and provide the projection for errors.
Hyperon polarization in heavy ion collisions at STAR
Authors: Gou Xingrui
Published: June 2024

In these proceedings, we present the measurements of global polarization for Λ, ¯Λ with the high-statistics data collected by the STAR experiment for isobar (Ru+Ru, Zr+Zr) collisions at √SNN = 200 GeV and Au+Au collisions at √SNN = 19.6, 27 GeV. These measurements allow us to study possible magnetic field driven effects through the polarization difference between Λ and ¯Λ and system size dependence of global polarization. Furthermore, we present the first measurements of Λ, ¯Λ hyperon local polarization in isobar collisions at √SNN = 200 GeV and Au+Au collisions at √SNN = 19.6, 27 GeV. Comparisons with previous measurements in Au+Au and Pb+Pb collisions at RHIC and LHC provide important insights into the collision system size and energy dependence of the vorticities. The local polarization measurements at lower beam energies can probe the predicted baryonic spin hall effect in a dense baryonic environment in heavy-ion collisions.
Chasing the onset of QCD thermalization with ALICE
Authors: Ciacco Mario
Published: June 2024

In heavy-ion and hadronic collisions, indications of thermalization are detected in the yields of produced hadrons: these observations call for a detailed study of the hadronization processes. Novel observables are required to discriminate between the different hadronization models that successfully describe the average yields of hadrons. The ALICE Collaboration reports on the studies of event-by-event fluctuations of the net-Ξ± number, and Pearson correlations of both the net-Ξ±–net-kaon numbers and the antideuteron–antiproton numbers, in pp, p–Pb, and Pb–Pb collisions. The measured fluctuations are compared with different hadronization models to explore the compatibility with a charge-equilibration scenario. In all cases, the experimental data agree with Thermal-FIST canonical-statistical calculations, allowing for the extraction of the correlation length for strange and baryon quantum number conservation.
Femtoscopy analysis in small systems at NA61/SHINE
Authors: Pórfy Barnabás
Published: June 2024

Recent measurements of femtoscopic correlations at NA61/SHINE unravel that the shape of the particle emitting source is not Gaussian. The measurements are based on Lévy-stable symmetric sources, and we discuss the average pair transverse mass dependence of the source parameters. One of the parameters, the Lévy exponent α, is of particular importance. It describes the shape of the source, which, in the vicinity of the critical point of the QCD phase diagram, may be related to the critical exponent η. Its measurement hence may contribute to the search for and characterization of the critical point of the phase diagram.
Commissioning and first collisions with the LHCb SMOG2 system
Authors: Mariani Saverio
Published: June 2024

Owing to the injection of gas in the CERN LHC accelerator beampipe through the System for Measuring Overlap with Gas (SMOG), the LHCb experiment has been pioneering since 2015 fixed-target physics at the highest energy ever reached. Within the upgrade of the experiment, a confinement cell for the gas, SMOG2, and a new gas injection system were installed. This dedicated setup opens unique possibilities for extensive measurements for heavyion, hadron, spin and astroparticle physics. In this contribution, the SMOG2 system is presented, focussing on its validation and first outcome as obtained from the exploitation of the proton-gas data collected in 2022.
Modification of heavy quark hadronization in high-multiplicity collisions at LHCb
Authors: Gu Chenxi
Published: June 2024

The ratio of heavy flavor hadrons is very sensitive to the hadronization mechanism. This proceeding will present recent LHCb results on the crosssection ratios of Ds+/D+, Ξc+/ Λc+ and Λb0 / B0 in different collision systems. The significantly enhanced production ratios Ds+/D+ and Λb0 / B0 with the increase of multiplicity may imply that hadronization mechanisms are modified in highmultiplicity events.
First study of the initial gluonic fluctuations using UPCs with ALICE
Authors: Matyja Adam
Published: June 2024

Incoherent and dissociative J/ψ photoproduction is sensitive to fluctuations of the gluonic structure of the target. Thus, the measurement of Jψ photoproduction of the colliding hadron sheds light on the initial state of QCD and provides important constraints on the initial conditions used in hydrodynamical models of heavy-ion collisions. The first measurement of the transverse momentum dependence of both coherent and incoherent Jψ photoproduction in ultraperipheral Pb–Pb collisions at midrapidity is presented. These new results provide, a clear indication of subnucleonic fluctuations of the lead target. We also present the new measurement of dissociative Jψ photoproduction cross section as a function of energy, in p–Pb collisions at forward rapidity. Dissociative results do not show any indication of saturation and agree with previous data.
Revealing the medium-recoil effect with high-pT Z boson tagged underlying event distribution in PbPb collisions at CMS
Authors: Chou Pin-Chun
Published: June 2024

The utilization of Z bosons, which are insensitive to the strong interaction, can constrain the initial energy, direction, and flavor of recoiling partons prior to their interaction with the quark-gluon plasma. This investigation focuses on charged particle yields in Z boson events, enabling a detailed exploration of in-medium modifications in both the recoiling parton showers and soft particles resulting from medium response. This presentation shows measurements of azimuthal angle distributions and fragmentation functions for charged particles associated with Z bosons in both lead-lead and proton-proton collisions at √SNN = 5.02 TeV, utilizing data collected by the CMS detector.
Mechanisms for cluster production in heavy-ion collisions near midrapidity
Authors: Kireyeu Viktar , Coci Gabriele , Gläßel Susanne , Aichelin Jörg , Blume Christoph , Voronyuk Vadim , Bratkovskaya Elena
Published: June 2024

The formation of weakly bound clusters and hypernuclei in the hot and dense environment at midrapidity is a surprising phenomenon observed experimentally in heavy-ion collisions, spanning from low SIS to ultra-relativistic LHC energies. This occurrence, often referred to as the ’ice in a fire’ puzzle, has prompted the exploration of three distinct approaches to elucidate cluster formation: the potential mechanism, involving cluster formation throughout the entire heavy-ion collision via potential interactions between nucleons; the kinetic mechanism, entailing deuteron production through catalytic hadronic reactions; and coalescence at kinetic freeze-out. In this context, we discuss the observables sensitive to the mechanism of cluster production, utilizing a microscopic transport Parton-Hadron-Quantum Molecular (PHQMD) approach.
Exploring the internal structure of exotic resonances with ALICE
Authors: Padhan Sonali
Published: June 2024

The investigation of the quark content of hadrons has been a major goal of nonperturbative strong interaction physics. In the last decade, several resonances in the mass range 1000-2000 MeV/c2 have emerged that cannot be explained by the quark model. The internal structure of exotic resonances such as f0, f1, and f2 is currently unknown. Different scenarios are possible ranging from twoquark, four-quark, molecule, a hybrid state, to glueballs. A modification of the measured yields of these exotic hadrons in A–A and p–A collisions as compared to pp collisions has been proposed as a tool to investigate their internal structure. In this proceeding, the first-ever measurement of f1 production in pp collisions and measurements of f0 and f2 production both in pp and p–Pb collisions will be discussed. The measurements of their mass, width, yields and their sensitivity to the internal structure of these exotic resonances will be shown. These results will pave the way for future experimental investigations on the internal structure of other exotic hadrons.
Shedding light on light-flavour-particle production in small systems at the LHC with ALICE
Authors: Ercolessi Francesca
Published: June 2024

The measurement of light-flavour-particle production in small collision systems at the LHC has shown features that resemble phenomena seen in heavy-ion collisions. The historical signatures of the quark–gluon plasma (QGP) formation, such as collective flow and the enhanced production of strange hadrons, were also observed in high-multiplicity proton–proton (pp) and proton–lead (p–Pb) collisions. In this article, new results on lightflavour-particle production measured in high-multiplicity triggered events are presented, reaching charged-particle values of semi-peripheral Pb–Pb collisions. In addition, this paper presents the first Run 3 results on the production of π, K, p, and Ω multi-strange baryons in pp collisions at √S = 13:6 TeV and √S = 900 GeV, the highest and the lowest collision energies at the LHC.
A new approach to stochastic relativistic fluid dynamics from information flow
Authors: Mullins Nicki , Hippert Mauricio , Gavassino Lorenzo , Noronha Jorge
Published: June 2024

We present a new general formalism for introducing thermal fluctuations in relativistic hydrodynamics, which incorporates recent developments on the causality and stability of relativistic hydrodynamic theories. Our approach is based on the information current, which measures the net amount of information carried by perturbations around equilibrium in a relativistic many-body system. The resulting noise correlators are guaranteed to be observer-independent for thermodynamically stable models. We obtain an effective action within our formalism and discuss its properties.
The role of longitudinal decorrelations for measurements of anisotropic flow in small collision systems
Authors: Ryu Sangwook , Schenke Björn , Shen Chun , Zhao Wenbin
Published: June 2024

Within a (3+1)D viscous hydrodynamic model we compute anisotropic flow in small system collisions as performed at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and measured by the STAR and PHENIX Collaborations. We emphasize the importance of the rapidity dependence of the geometry for interpreting the differences encountered in measurements by the two collaborations.
Recent results from fixed-target collisions at LHCb
Authors: Mattioli Kara
Published: June 2024

The LHCb spectrometer has the unique capability to function as a fixed-target experiment by injecting gas into the LHC beam pipe while proton or ion beams are circulating. The resulting beam+gas collisions have a center of mass energy intermediate to previous fixed-target experiments and the top RHIC energy for AA collisions, cover an unexplored kinematic range and allow systems of different size to be studied. Here we present new results on open charm, J/ψ, and ψ(2S) production from pNe and PbNe fixed-target collisions at LHCb. Comparisons with various theoretical models of particle production and transport through the nucleus will be discussed.
Moderator developments in HighNESS and feedback to compact sources design
Authors: Zanini Luca , Akhyani Mina , Bertelsen Mads , Bessler Yannick , Bryś Tomasz , Chambon Amalia , Marquez Damian José Ignacio , Folsom Ben , Nesvizhevsky Valery , Rataj Blahoslav , Rizzi Nicola , Santoro Valentina , Shuai Ha , Strothmann Mathias , Takibayev Alan , Wagner Richard , Zimmer Oliver ,   the HighNESS collaboration
Published: June 2024

The main, high-brightness neutron source for ESS is based on the low-dimensional moderator concept, and will serve the initial suite of neutron scattering instruments. In the HighNESS project several design options have been identified and investigated for a second source for ESS, intended to be complementary to the primary one. The emphasis of this project, completed in September 2023, was on the design of high-intensity sources, delivering Cold, Very Cold (VCN), and Ultra-Cold Neutrons (UCN). Remarkable results include: a cold moderator based on liquid deuterium capable of delivering an intensity close to a factor 10 greater than the ESS upper moderator; a VCN moderator based on solid deuterium at 5 K, surrounded by nanodiamond layers, delivering brightness above 40 Å an order of magnitude higher than a conventional cold moderator placed in the same location; and several design options for UCN sources based on the use of superfluid helium and solid deuterium. The use of these new sources would have a major impact on fundamental physics experiments and neutron scattering techniques. We investigate the possible impact that these concepts can have for compact sources, with particular emphasis on VCN.
Progress of the first accelerator-based compact neutron source in Hungary
Authors: Shuai H. , Anda G. , Dian E. , Horváth Á. , Ludányi Zs. , Mezei R. , Sipos P. , Szász G. , Mezei F.
Published: June 2024

The first compact accelerator-based neutron source (CANS) for industrial and healthcare use in Hungary, the ‘LvB’ project, is being installed at the premises of Mirrotron Ltd. at Martonvásár. In the first phase of the operation, a fast neutron spectrum with energies up to 1 MeV is generated by the impact of a 2.5 MeV and 1 mA time-average intensity pulsed proton beam on a Li target. This target is surrounded by a lead reflector and the beam extraction opening faces of a bi-spectral para-H2 and H2O quasi-one-dimensional moderator, to provide cold and thermal neutron beams primarily for applied material investigations by neutron scattering. Recent results of MCNP6.2 simulations of the initial configuration of the ‘LvB’ compact neutron source confirm the expected neutron beam brightnesses to be approx. 107 n/cm2/s/sr/Å time-average at 4 Å neutron wavelength.
Thermal moderator-reflector assembly for HBS
Authors: Rücker Ulrich , Pechenizkiy Ivan , Li Jingjing , Vezhlev Egor , Zakalek Paul , Voigt Jörg , Gutberlet Thomas , Brückel Thomas
Published: June 2024

The thermal moderator is the key component in a research neutron source to convert the primary neutrons which typically have energies in the MeV regime into useful neutrons for investigations with energies well below 1 eV. In the case of a HiCANS as HBS, the thermal moderator has to be optimized according to the compact target size and to the proton pulse lengths at individual target stations. Here, the details of a thermal moderator design serving up to 12 instruments at a target station and its neutronic performance are presented. The thermal moderator consists of a complex aluminium vessel filled with light water as moderator material containing 12 thin-walled extraction channels arranged in 2 levels.
Conceptual Design of the Moderator Test Station at the Spallation Neutron Source
Authors: Iverson E.B. , Johns K.C. , Gallmeier F.X. , Grammer K.B.
Published: June 2024

We describe the Moderator Test Station (MTS), under construction at the Spallation Neutron Source. We will leverage the Beam Test Facility (BTF) at the Spallation Neutron Source to provide a moderator neutronics test stand with which we will verify the anticipated performance gains expected and required from the innovative moderator concepts central to the SNS Second Target Station (STS) and the future of the First Target Station (FTS). These concepts include large-volume para-hydrogen moderators and high-brightness tube moderators. The MTS will add to the existing BTF a proton beam chopper similar to that already used in the SNS at the RFQ exit (the so-called MEBT chopper), various proton beam transport components, a neutron-producing target, a cryogenic moderator test stand, a reflector-shielding assembly, and a performance assessment neutron beamline. The MTS will provide the ability to test a wide variety of moderators in a prototypic configuration, simultaneously measuring the neutronic performance of the moderator concept central to the anticipated STS gains and developing the instrumentation necessary to provide that performance in a production environment. The presentation will describe the MTS, its progress, and the way we optimize the prototypic nature of the moderators we will test.
Controlling active matter: the need for thermodynamic consistency
Authors: Fodor Étienne
Published: June 2024

An outstanding challenge is to provide a comprehensive framework predicting how to control the collective states of active systems, and how to optimally switch between such states. This agenda requires extending the tools of equilibrium thermodynamics to properly capture and account for the nonequilibrium properties of active matter.
Collective dynamics in active solids
Authors: Dauchot Olivier
Published: June 2024

After 25 years of research activity, the physics of collective motions -- flights of starlings, shoals of fish, micro-swimmers or artificial walkers -- is well understood. Here, we describe a new form of self-organization, emerging from the coupling between elasticity and activity: collective actuation, the solid counterpart of collective movements.
Thirty years of surprises about collective motion
Authors: Solon Alexandre
Published: June 2024

Why do large groups of starlings perform their fascinating murmurations over our cities before sunset? This question is best left to zoologists or poets. Understanding how they do it, however, brought up surprisingly rich physics and has led to many interesting developments over the last thirty years.
Comment faciliter l’intégration de patients partenaires dans les programmes d’ETP ? Étude qualitative
Authors: Mignot Mélanie , Frazier-Mironer Aline , Gruit Violette
Published: June 2024

Introduction : L’intégration de patients partenaires (PP) est une opportunité d’amélioration pour les programmes d’éducation thérapeutique du patient (ETP), mais représente un véritable enjeu pour les professionnels de santé. Objectif : Observer et comprendre les facteurs qui limitent ou favorisent l’intégration de PP au sein des programmes d’ETP du point de vue des professionnels de santé. Méthodes : Dans cette étude qualitative, des entretiens semi-dirigés ont été réalisés auprès de treize professionnels de santé, puis analysés selon la théorie ancrée. Résultats : Les freins à l’intégration de PP au sein de programmes d’ETP sont le manque de connaissances sur le partenariat patient, les difficultés pratiques à sa mise en œuvre, et diverses peurs et croyances sur le déroulement d’un tel partenariat. Toutefois, les personnes interrogées reconnaissent les bénéfices de l’intégration d’un PP, proposent une meilleure définition du cadre d’intégration et soulignent l’importance de la communication en équipe pour un partenariat réussi. Les expériences passées avec des PP influencent positivement le ressenti face au partenariat. Discussion et conclusion : Les professionnels de santé impliqués en ETP sont conscients de l’importance de l’intégration de PP mais ont besoin d’un accompagnement hiérarchique et institutionnel pour la mener à bien. Les structures ressources telle que les Unités Transversale d’ETP (UTEP) peuvent jouer un rôle pour faciliter cette démarche.
Kontinuierliche Glukosemessung bei Menschen mit Typ-2-Diabetes ohne intensivierte Insulintherapie: eine Standortbestimmung
Authors: Seufert Jochen , Dänschel Ingrid , Gölz Stefan , Haller Nicola , Kulzer Bernhard , Tan Susanne , Schnell Oliver , Wiesner Tobias , Kroeger Jens
Published: June 2024

Zahlreiche Studien haben den klinischen Nutzen der kontinuierlichen Glukosemessung (CGM) bei Menschen mit Typ-1-Diabetes belegt, was auch zu einer positiven Empfehlung des Gemeinsamen Bundesausschusses (GBA) für CGM-Systeme bei Menschen mit Diabetes und intensivierter Insulintherapie (ICT/Insulinpumpentherapie) geführt hat. Inzwischen liegen die Ergebnisse zahlreicher randomisierter, beobachtender und retrospektiver Studien zum Einsatz von CGM bei Menschen mit Typ-2-Diabetes und einer nicht intensivierten Insulintherapie (BOT/SIT/CT) oder einer Therapie ohne Insulin vor. In diesem Artikel wird die aktuelle Evidenz zum Einsatz von CGM bei diesen Patientengruppen zusammengefasst und diskutiert. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studien deuten darauf hin, dass CGM auch bei Menschen ohne intensivierte Insulintherapie wirksam ist, um die glykämische Kontrolle zu verbessern und mögliche Nebenwirkungen der Insulintherapie (Hypoglykämien) zu vermeiden.
Rezidivierende Lahmheit und Unrittigkeit beim Islandpferd
osteopathisch behandelt – ein Fallbericht
Authors: Blatter Ludivine
Published: June 2024

Dieser Fallbericht beschreibt die osteopathische Behandlung eines 12-jährigen
Isländer-Wallachs mit rezidivierender Lahmheit der rechten Vorderhand sowie
Verhaltensstörungen beim Reiten.
Magnesium-Mediated Regioselective Additions of Bromoform to Quinone Methides and Aurone-Derived Azadienes
Authors: Namboothiri Irishi N. N. , Kumar Deepak , Satam Nishikant
Published: June 2024

The magnesium-mediated addition of bromoform to conjugated electron-deficient alkenes and imines, such as para-quinone methides (p-QMs) and aurone-derived azadienes, respectively, is reported here for the first time. While p-QMs undergo exclusive and hitherto unreported 1,6-addition of bromoform to afford benzylic tribromomethylated diarylmethanes, aurone-derived azadienes undergo both 1,2- and 1,4-additions to furnish α- and γ-tribromomethylamines. A mechanism involving the intermediacy of the tribromomethyl radical has been proposed based on control experiments and EPR studies. Representative synthetic transformations have also been carried out.
Prophylactic Venous Supercharging in Deep Inferior Epigastric Artery Perforator Flap Surgery: A Retrospective Dual-Center Study
Authors: Lombardo Giuseppe A.G. , Cherubino Mario , Marchica Paolo , Violini Hillary , Marrella Domenico , Ciancio Francesco , Musmarra Isidoro , Ranno Rosario , Melita Dario
Published: June 2024

Background Deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap is nowadays considered the gold standard in breast reconstruction. However, venous congestion is still a leading cause of free flap failure. Despite the conspicuous articles regarding the use of a secondary venous anastomosis, there is a lack in the literature regarding the prophylactic use of a secondary venous route to reduce the incidence of complications during breast reconstruction.

Methods A double-center retrospective study based on women undergoing DIEP breast reconstruction was conducted, dividing patients into case group (DIEP flaps with double venous anastomosis) and control group (DIEP flaps with single venous anastomosis). Demographic and surgical data and complications were compared and statistically analyzed, and a reconstructive algorithm was proposed to improve the flap insetting.

Results In total, 154 patients were included in the study, divided into case group (74 patients) and control group (80 patients). The median age at the time of surgery was 49.09 years (range: 29–68 years), slightly lower in group 1 when compared with group 2. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 25.52 kg/m2 (range: 21.09–29.37 kg/m2), in particular 25.47 kg/m2 (range: 23.44–28.63 kg/m2) in group 1 and 25.58 kg/m2 (range: 21.09–29.37 kg/m2) in group 2. No statistical differences were found between groups in terms of BMI and smoking and comorbidities history. The average operative times were 272.16 minutes (range: 221–328 minutes) in group 1 and 272.34 minutes (range: 221–327 minutes) in group 2, with no significant difference between groups, as well as ischemia time (44.4 minutes in group 1 [range: 38–56 minutes] and 49.12 minutes in group 2 [range: 41–67 minutes]). Statistical analysis showed a reduction in short-term complications and a statistically significant reduction for take-backs in the two groups.

Conclusions Our study suggests that venous supercharging of DIEP flap by performing dual venous anastomosis can be routinely and safely done prophylactically, and thus not only after intraoperative assessment of venous congestion, to avoid flap venous congestion and decrease the rates of re-exploration.
The “Flapbot”: A Global Perspective on the Validity and Usability of a Flap Monitoring Chatbot
Authors: Ejaz Hamza , Ali Stephen R. , Berner Juan E. , Dobbs Thomas D. , Whitaker Iain S. ,   Flapbot Collaborative
Published: June 2024

Background The Flapbot chatbot assists in free-flap monitoring, emphasizing accessibility, user-friendliness, and global reliability. This study assesses Flapbot's worldwide validity and usability and uses qualitative analysis to identify areas for future enhancement.

Methods Flapbot, built on Google's DialogFlow, was evaluated by international plastic surgeons. Invitations were sent to the International Lower Limb Reconstruction Collaborative (INTELLECT), International Confederation of Plastic Surgery Societies (ICOPLAST), and the International Microsurgery Club. Out of the 42 surgeons who agreed to participate, 21 tested the Flapbot and completed an online survey on its validity and usability. The survey had 13 validity items and 10 usability items. Data analysis involved computing the individual content validity index (I-CVI) and scale-wide content validity index (S-CVI) for validity, and the system usability score (SUS) for usability. Thematic analysis distilled free-text responses to identify key themes.

Results Nine of 13 items had an I-CVI over 0.78, denoting significant relevance. The S-CVI score stood at 0.82, indicating high relevance. The SUS score was 68, representing average usability. Themes highlighted issues with the current model, development suggestions, and surgeons' concerns regarding growing reliance on digital tools in health care.

Conclusion Flapbot is a promising digital aid for free-flap monitoring. While it showcases notable validity and usability, improvements in functionality, usability, and accessibility are needed for broader global use.