bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of m. Psoas minor and m. Sacrocaudalis (coccygeus) dorsalis lateralis in simultaneous modeling of lateral interbodial spinnylodesis and posterior sacro-iliac joint arthodesis
Authors: Filimonova Galina N. , Diuriagina Olga V. , Antonov Nikolai I. , Stogov Maxim V. , Ryabykh Sergei O. , Tushina Natalia V.
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND: Simultaneous surgical interventions on the spine with the use of high-tech instruments and minimally invasive access techniques allow to eliminate several problems all at once, to activate patients at an early date and to reduce the number of complications. AIM: To evaluate morphological changes to evaluate morphological changes in the m. Psoas minor and m. Sacrocaudalis dorsalis lateralis during simultaneous modeling of lateral interbody fusion and posterior sacroiliac joint arthrodesis MATERIALS AND METHODS: Experiments were carried out on 14 outbred dogs; 3 animals formed a control group. The animals underwent consecutive lateral interbody fusion of the lumbar spine and posterior arthrodesis of the sacroiliac joint. The lumbar spine and sacroiliac joint were stabilized with external fixation device. Paraffin sections of muscles were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, according to Van Gieson, and Masson. Biochemical analysis of blood serum was performed during the experiment. RESULTS: The morphological study of the muscles revealed pathohistological features such as an increase in the variety of myosymplast diameters, loss of their profiles polygonality, massive fibers fatty degeneration, endo- and perimysial fibrosis, sclerotization of vessel membranes, obliteration of their lumens. At the end of the experiment, the degree of the small lumbar muscle fibrosis was 161% and of the sacrocaudal dorsal lateral muscle fibrosis was 240% of the control parameters (p 0.05); the rate of the muscle fatty infiltration was 339 and 310% of the normal value, respectively. The sacroiliac-caudal dorsal lateral muscle underwent more marked changes, especially in the early stages of the experiment. A significant increase in the enzymes activity, skeletal muscle damage markers was detected on the 14th day after surgery. CONCLUSION: Simultaneous surgical interventions on the spine should minimize mechanical effects on the paravertebral muscles and use techniques to stimulate their function in the postoperative period, which will reduce the processes of fibrogenesis and fat involution as well as provide an overall shorter rehabilitation period for the target patients.
Kajian Kehandalan Saluran Drainase dengan Pendekatan Metode First-Order Second Momentdan Safety Factor
Authors: Ferdiansyah Asep , Nugroho Eka Oktariyanto , Soeharno Agung Wiyono Hadi
Published: March 2023

The growth and development of big cities in Indonesia is quite fast. Especially the city of Bandung which is the center of tourism in the West Java region. Ir. H. Juanda street is one of the access to tourism places in Bandung City and is an icon of Bandung City. In addition, Ir.H Juandastreet has problems, namely high levels of congestion and flooding in the rainy season. The last ten years the Jalan Ir.H. Djuanda always floods when there is heavy rain. This causes puddles of water to enter the Jalan Ir. H. Juanda section, namely from Pasar Simpang to Dago Terminal. This has an impact on road damage, drainage, and congestion. To determine the risk of overflow of the channel in the study area as a result of various amounts of flood discharge, carried outthree analyzes stages, namely hydrological analysis to determine the amount of return period discharge, hydraulic analysis to identify overflow points and improvement scenarios and reliability analysis using the safety factor and first-order-second moment methods. The results of the analysis show that there are 2 points that have the opportunity for overflow, namely at the location of the Al-Ihsan Mosque and the Honda Workshop. The solution given to overcome this is to normalize the drainage with a size of 1.5 m x 1.5 m from upstream to downstream.The results showed that the reliability of the channel increased to 92.96% (Two Years Return Period Discharge), 88.54% (Five Years Return Period Discharge) and 85.81% (Ten Years Return Period Discharge) for the Al-Ihsan Mosque channel and 100% (Two Years Return Period Discharge), 99.98% (Five Years Return Period Discharge) and 99.92% (Ten Years Return Period Discharge) for the Honda Workshop channel. The method in the risk analysis above can relate the probability of failure or exceedance to the expected success of the function of a drainage cross-sectional structure in accommodating flood flows.
Correlation of sinonasal polyposis with chronic suppurative otitis media
Authors: Majeed Farkhanda , Anjum Areena , Khan Yasir A. , Farheen Majid
Published: March 2023

Background: Aim of the study was to assess correlation of sinonasal polyposis with CSOM. To see the role of lignocaine nebulisation and to compare its role with use of steroids and bronchodilators alone in post bronchoscopy patients.
Methods: In the present study, 50 patients of sinonasalpolyposis were subjected to otoscopic, microscopic examination of tympanic membrane findings and tuning fork tests were performed. Pure tone audiometry (PTA) was also done in all patients. High resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of temporal bones and computed tomography (CT) of paranasal sinuses were used to assess otological and sinonasal pathology.
Results: Out of 50 patients, males were 26 and females were 24. Age group 11-20 years had 8 males and 8 females, 21-30 years had 5 males and 7 females, 31-40 years had 11 males and 8 females and 41-50 years had 2 males and 1 female. Left side was involved in 6, right in 9 and both sides in 10 patients. Swab cultures revealed pure aerobic isolates in 16, mixed aerobic and anaerobic isolates in 10. Micro-organisms were staphylococcus aureus in 10, Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 6, Streptococcus spp. in 5, Peptostreptococcus in 3 and Bacteroides in 2 cases. The difference was significant (p<0.05). Out of 50 Sinonasal polyp patients, 26 (52%) had CSOM. Type identified was tubotympanic in 12 and atticoantral in 14. There was positive pearsoncorrelation of CSOM with sinonasal polyp (r value of 0.92, p value 0.021).
Conclusions: In the present study there was positive correlation of sinonasal polyposis with CSOM. The prevalence rate was 26%. Micro-organisms were Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus spp., Peptostreptococcus and Bacteroides.
Validation of the Indonesian version of the non-motor symptoms scale for Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Natadidjaja Stella , Sekeon Sekplin , Tumewah Rizal
Published: March 2023

Background: Non-motor symptoms are common, have a wide range of symptoms, and have emerged as a key determinant of poor quality of life (QoL) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients, contributing to severe disability, and shortened life expectancy. However, although common, the non-motor symptoms of PD are often not well recognized and under-reported in clinical practice. This study aimed to translate the origin non-motor symptoms scale for PD (NMSS), which was written in English, into an Indonesian version and to evaluate its reliability and validity.
Methods: Linguistic validation and psychometric analysis of the Indonesian version of NMSS were conducted in 70 patients with PD using a cross-sectional study. The acceptability, reliability, and construct validity of NMSS were analyzed. Test-retest reliability was assessed over a time interval of 14 days in all patients.
Results: The 70 patients were assessed (median age 67.5 years; 57.1% males; median duration of illness 48 months; median Hoehn and Yahr stage: 3). Mean NMSS was 51.86 (SD 44.02; median 37). Neither floor nor ceiling effect was observed on the Indonesian version of the NMSS total score. Validity test using Pearson product moment showed all 9 domains Indonesian version of NMSS were valid (r=0.506-0.805, p<0.001). NMSS total score showed satisfactory reliability (Cronbach’s α coefficient on the total score was 0.852, the range for domains: 0.146-0.814).
Conclusions: Indonesian version of NMSS showed good reliability and validity for the assessment of non-motor symptoms in PD patients in Indonesia.
Depression among elderly and their perceived social support in a community development block of Purba Bardhaman district, West Bengal: a cross sectional study
Authors: Banerjee Anagh , Goswami Pramit , Mandal Sutapa , Taraphdar Pranita
Published: March 2023

Background: Elderly depression is major public health concern. It causes significant morbidity and mortality burden worldwide. The study aimed to estimate prevalence of elderly depression in a rural area of Purba Bardhaman district, West Bengal and to ascertain their level of perceived social support.
Methods: A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in Bhatar community development block of Purba Bardhaman district, West Bengal, during period of August 2022 to January 2023. A calculated sample of 238 elderly people were selected by simple random sampling and interviewed with a predesigned, pretested schedule containing geriatric depression scale (GDS-15) for assessing depression, Katz index for independence in activities of daily living (ADL) and multidimensional scale for perceived social support (MSPSS) to assess level of perceived social support. Multivariable logistic regression was done to find out predictors of elderly depression.
Results: Out of 238 study participants, 160 (67.2%) were suffering from depression. Prevalence of mild, moderate and severe depression was 49.2%, 14.6% and 3.4% respectively. Low, medium and high level of perceived social support was found in 36.6%, 44.1% and 19.3% study participants, respectively. Impairment in ADL [AOR: 5.045 (2.145-11.868)], presence of financial dependence [AOR: 2.977 (1.330-6.665)], pre-existing one or more co-morbidities [AOR: 2.044 (1.114-3.749)] and educational status below secondary level [AOR: 0.379 (0.199-0.720) were found to be significant predictors of elderly-depression.
Conclusions: Prevalence of depression is high among elderly, along with low perceived social support. Health promotion, awareness generation about social security schemes and family support are crucial to prevent elderly depression.
Story of a cancer fighter: a case of carcinoma larynx with synchronous carcinoma bladder
Authors: Chowdhury Ali Asgar
Published: March 2023

Cancer is a leading cause of death globally, and even in cases where the cancer patient stays alive, a normal lifestyle is rarely possible for them. This is even more true for cases of recurrent cancer, where the patients have to go through severe mental pressure from facing possible death multiple times. Various treatment methods are still being discovered and tried for the treatment of recurrent cancer, so that patients can lead a normal life without the fear of recurrence of cancer looming over their head. The present study was conducted with the report of such a case.
Application of Bivariate Multiple Linear Regression on Weight of Children at Birth and Duration of Pregnancy in Ethiopia
Authors: Kebede Gebre Indu , Gebre Shimels Kebede , Zeru Melkamu A.
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Birth weight and gestational age are important determinants of an infant’s survival and future development. Low birth weight can be caused by preterm birth or by small gestational age. The main objective of this research was to identify the determinants of birth weight and gestational age simultaneously based on Ethiopia's demographic health survey in 2016 which implemented in a statistical package R.
Methods: Cross-sectional study design was used from Ethiopia's demographic health survey in 2016. The bi-variate linear regression model was used to identify factors of birth weight and gestational age simultaneously which had small standard errors as compared to a separate model.
Results: Bi-variate models of birth weight and gestational age determined the effect of predictors. Therefore, the model shows that the number of tetanus injections before pregnancy, educational level of a husband, desire for more children, drink alcohol, and region are statistically significant at 5% level of significance for gestational age in Ethiopia. Similarly, the size or height of a child at birth, preferred waiting time to another birth or birth interval, the number of tetanus injections before pregnancy was statistically associated with birth weight at 5% level of significance
Conclusion: From our finding, we concluded that the number of tetanus injections before pregnancy, educational level of a husband, desire for more children, alcohol drink, size or height of a child at birth, preferred waiting time or birth interval for another birth and region were significant predictors of birth weight and gestational age simultaneously at 5% level of significance. Hence, special care should be given to the pregnant during prenatal care for minimizing the risk of low birth weight and small gestational age.
Competing Risks and Analysis of Patients with Brain Stroke: Cumulative Incidence Function and Cause-Specific Hazard Approach
Authors: Norouzi Solmaz , Asghari -Jafarabadi Mohammad , Shamshirgaran Seyed Morteza , Farzipoor Farshid , Fallah Ramazan
Published: March 2023

Introduction: In the presence of competing risks, patients with brain stroke (BS) experience death by various causes, such as diabetes, and heart disease, and other causes in the follow-up. This study aimed to model the survival in patients with BS in the presence of these competing risk of death using cumulative incidence function (CIF) and cause-specific hazard (CSH) models.
Methods: In the study, 332 patients with the definitive diagnosis of BS were followed up for 10 years, and their mortality status due to BS or other causes was evaluated. In addition, significance tests and parameters were estimated by using STATA 14 software by considering the CIF and CSH model.
Results: The median follow-up time was 20.68 months for patients who died due to BS and 68.50 months for patients who died due to other causes. In the CIF model, Sex [BS: cumulative incidence hazard ratio (SHR) = 2.35, 90% confidence interval (CI) = (1.76-3.14)], Employment status [BS: 2.04(1.50-2.75)], History of blood pressure[BS: 1.64(1.25-2.14)], Heart disease[BS: 1.47(1.13-1.94)], Cerebrovascular accident type[BS: 0.77(0.69-0.87)]; age [Other case: 59-68 years, 2.61 (1.13-6.06) and ≥76 years: 3.03 (1.32-6.92)] were directly related to hazard of death. The CSH model resulted in similar estimates except for age [BS: 69-75 years; 1.31(1.18-1.45), ≥76 years; 1.37(1.23-1.53); other case: age 59-68 years 1.91 (1.22-2.99) and 69-75 years; 1.89 (1.21-2.96) and ≥76 years: 2.14 (1.36-3.37)], Sex[BS: 1.38(1.07-1.79)], History of blood pressure [BS: 1.57(1.20-2.05)], Heart disease [BS:1.44(1.09-1.91)] were directly related to hazard of death.
Conclusion: The estimation of CIF analysis, along with CSH one for the competing risks, is suggested to provide more precise information about patients’ status in order to support adopted clinical decisions when aiming at assessing health related to a specific cause economically and determining the probability of occurring an intended event among other causes.
Analyzing the Long-Term Survival of Colon and Rectal Cancer Patients Using Non-Mixture Cure Rate Model
Authors: Sadeghi Reihaneh , Esmaily Habibollah , Hajebi Khaniki Saeedeh , Shahid Sales Soodabe , Ghavami Vahid
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Colorectal cancer is the most common cause of cancer mortality in Iran. There are differences in the etiology, clinical behavior and pathological features in cancer of the colon versus the rectum. The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors related to survival and cure probability of patients with colon and rectal cancer using a semi-parametric non-mixture cure rate model.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted on 311 patients, with colorectal cancer. Data of all patients with colon and rectum malignances who underwent the first treatment in Omid Hospital, Mashhad, between 2006 and 2011 were gathered through medical records. Patients were followed-up for 9 years until September 2020. Semi-parametric non-mixture cure model was implemented using miCoPTCM package in the R software.
Results: The mean survival time was 2973.94 days (95% confidence interval [CI]: (2694.96, 3252.93). The 5-year survival rates for colon and rectal cancer patients were 0.54 (%95 CI:(0.45, 0.61)) and 0.57 (%95 CI:(0.48,0.65)), respectively. The proportion of cured colon cancer patients was 44.0%, while it was 40.0% for the ones with rectal cancer. Age and stage of the disease were determined as the common related factors of survival and cure fraction for both colon and rectal cancers. Ethnicity and type of first treatment were distinguished as factors related to survival and cure fraction of rectal cancer. Whereas the history of drug abuse increased the hazard of death in colon cancer patients; Also, overweight played a protective role in the survival and cure fraction of rectal cancer patients.
Conclusion: Because the factors associated with colorectal cancer are not necessarily equal to the risk factors for colon and rectal cancer, it is recommended to obtain more accurate and valid results in the survival analysis of colorectal cancer patients, the colon and rectum should be considered separately. It is also appropriate to use cure rate models when there is a cure fraction in the data.
Non-Parametric MCMC Gibbs Sampler Approach and Misclassification Assessment of Estimating Haplotype Frequencies among Related Statistical Approaches
Authors: Ken-Dror Gie , Sharma Pankaj
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Haplotype analysis allows higher resolution analysis in genetic association studies and is used as a reference panel for genotype imputation in genome-wide association studies. Haplotypes estimates from genotypes among unrelated individuals but misclassification of the haplotype reconstruction will directly affect the accuracy of the results.
Methods: This study proposes a novel statistical method Gibbs sampler algorithm to estimate haplotype frequency and quantify the influence of misclassification bias of the estimate haplotype. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated on simulated datasets assuming that linkage phase unknown. The simulation used different minor allele frequencies at each single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and different linkagedisequilibrium between the SNPs.
Results: The Gibbs sampler algorithm presents higher accuracy among over seven SNPs or less, validated, and deals with missing genotype compared to previous related statistical approaches. Misclassification of estimated haplotypes leads to non-differential bias in exposure and affects haplotype estimates in haplotype analysis. The observed odds ratio underestimates the association between haplotype and phenotype by 36% to 99%.
Conclusion: The Gibbs sampler algorithm provides higher accuracy and robust effectiveness performance, handles missing genotypes and provides uncertain probabilities of haplotype frequencies. The misclassification bias of the estimate haplotype underestimates the genetic association by more than forty percent.
Study of Childhood Abuse and Anxiety: An Application of Logistic Regression
Authors: Rahman Chowdhury Sultana Mubarika , George Florence , Gulati Sneh
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Disorders can often lead to physical illness and suffering along with associated functional disability which hampers the overall well-being of a person. Consequently, it can lead to loss of productivity at the workplace, absenteeism, and social isolation which eventually affects the individual and the society. Researchers have found a crucial association between childhood traumatic experiences with developing anxiety or panic disorder.
Methods: The purpose of this study is to do a logistic regression on Add health survey data to examine whether a history of childhood abuse tends to lead to a diagnosis of anxiety or panic disorder in later life. Additionally, medical conditions such as ADHD, PTSD or socio-economic conditions, and addiction were also investigated for their possible contribution to developing anxiety or panic disorder.
Results: 49.4 % of respondents reported having faced either physical, emotional, or sexual abuse before the age of 18. Among the total respondents, 12.5 % reported having been diagnosed with anxiety disorder and among these individuals, 25.9 % reported having experienced physical abuse, 64.6 % faced emotional abuse, and 10.3 % said they faced sexual abuse earlier in their life. Results from logistic regression indicated gender (OR=2.069; 95% CI 1.627-2.7), race (OR=0.513; 95% CI 1.442-2.634), PTSD (OR=2.087; 95% CI 1.811-4.35), depression (OR 9.857; 95% CI 7.752-12.535) had a significant effect on developing anxiety. Additionally, an individual who experienced any kind of abuse in their childhood is 0.7 times (95% CI 0.527-0.841) more likely to develop the panic disorder later in their life. Results from the unadjusted logistic regression model indicated that individuals who reported a history of childhood abuse have 1.799 times (95% CI 1.473-2.197) higher odds of being diagnosed with anxiety disorder. Interestingly, women have higher odds (OR= 2.039; 95% CI 1.624-2.560) of having anxiety disorder than men if they were a victim of childhood abuse. Respondents who reported to have faced at least one type of abuse have approximately 1.886 (95% CI 1.512-2.354) times’ greater odds of having anxiety than those who didn’t. Consecutively, experiencing the two types of abuse increased the odds to 2.502 (95% CI 1.930-3.244) finally undergoing all three types of abuse increased the odds by more than double in comparison to those who faced a single kind.
Conclusion: Childhood emotional abuse was found to be a more significant contributor to anxiety or panic disorder than other types of abuse. Any kind of childhood abuse experience seemed to have a greater effect on the female portion of the respondents in comparison to the males. Hence, to treat anxiety and panic disorders, childhood maltreatment and other mental illnesses like PTSD and depression should be considered by healthcare professionals to ensure optimal care. Furthermore, interventions targeting those issues need to be developed.
Determinants of Anemia Status Among Reproductive Age Women During Pregnancy In Ethiopia: Cross-Sectional Study Design
Authors: Legesse Alemayehu , Abebe Meskerem
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Anemia is a major public health problem, affecting more than 56 million women worldwide. During pregnancy, hemoglobin concentrations in venous blood below 11 grams per deciliter have significant adverse effects on the health of pregnant women. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the anemia status of the participants and the factors that lead to anemia.
Methods: Data for this study were obtained from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey (January 18, 2016, to June 27, 2016). A total of 1053 pregnant women were included in the analysis. The risk factors for anemia status were analyzed using a partial-proportional odds model.
Results: The study included 1053 pregnant women, with 32, 214, and 395 suffering from severe, moderate, and mild anemia, respectively. Somalia had the highest proportion of severely anemic people, while Tigray had the lowest. The effect changing in different regions of the sample had various effects on the outcome variable. For example, in the Somali region, the probability of subjects with severe anemia increased by 0.027 (AMPE= 0.027, P = 0.015) percentage points when compared to their counterparts. The effect of changing iron-taking status by one percent on average across the sample decreased by 1.6% (AMPE = -0.016, P= 0.001), 3.7% (AMPE = -0.037, P = 0.001), and 3% (AMPE = -0.030, P = 0.003) points, respectively, for participants in the severe, moderate, and mild classes. The effect of changing place of residence and parity decreased for those in the non-anemic group, but it increased for the wealth index (richest household). Anemia decreased with higher education level [primary: (AMPE = 0.032, P = 0.002), secondary: (AMPE = 0.069, P = 0.025), higher: (AMPE = 0.176, P = 0.000)].
Conclusion: Finally, the authors concluded that iron intake, educational status, wealth index (richest households), place of residence, parity, and selected regions have been identified as prognostic factors for anemia status in pregnant women aged 15 to 49 years. Therefore, action on these predictors is needed to improve anemia among pregnant women in Ethiopia. Furthermore, AMPE should be used with greater motivation to interpret the logistic regression results.
Clinical Profile and Pulmonary Function Tests among Females Exposed to Household Fuel Smoke in Bhavnagar, Gujarat: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Bhoomika D. Patel , Jigna D. Dave , Jilan R Mehta , Raktim Engti , Kalpeshkumar K Gohel , Siddhant V. Agrawal , Shivkumar Pujari , Sandeep Kalkotar
Published: March 2023

Background: Studies from developing countries, suggest that exposure to smoke from household fuels like wood, animal dung, and kerosene used for domestic cooking, may be a risk factor for airway diseases among women. This study aims to find the effect of household fuel smoke among them through clinical profile and pulmonary function test.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in respiratory medicine outpatient department of Sir T Hospital in Government Medical College, Bhavnagar. Female participants were interviewed with pretested semi-structured questionnaires. They included respiratory symptoms, housing condition, kitchen environment, type of household fuels, habits and history of passive smoking, the number of hours per day and the number of years spent for cooking (biomass exposure index). Chest x-ray and pulmonary function tests like spirometry and diffusion capacity of lungs were performed. Through purposive sampling, 100 female participants were included in the study, and data were analyzed using SPSS version 17.0 versions   and Chi-square test.
Results: The total number of participants was 100 with a mean age of 46.89±12. Three out of 10 had a history of passive smoking. Most of the patients suffered from dyspnea (84%) and cough (76%) as the main symptoms. Nearly half (43%) of them had a runny nose. 30% were passive smokers and 70% were nonsmokers. The patients’ cough and expectoration had a significant association with forced expiratory volume (FEV1)/ Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) > 70 (P=0.02). The study suggested that with aging, the odds for Fev1/FVC becoming <70 (OR: 4.24; 95% CI: 1.14-15.72, p=0.03) goes higher. The patients who had a history of exposure to smoking had higher odds of having FEV1/FVC<70 (OR: 4.000; CI: 1.4851 to 10.7739, p=0.006).
Conclusion: The findings suggest that clinical symptoms like dyspnea and cough are significant when there is exposure to household fuels like kerosene, animal dung and wood usage. Smoke emitted from such fuels play an important role in deterioration of lung functions. Efforts should be made to create awareness regarding household fuel smoke effect on health and reduction of their use.
Explaining the Factors Involved in Psychological Effects of Covid-19 on Healthcare Workers by Interpretive Structural Modeling
Authors: Ziaadini Mohammad , SadeghAbolhasani Mohammad , Khazaee Homa , Zarezadeh Mohammad , Asadi Sedigheh , Ghorbani Farzaneh , Salarikhah Elaheh
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Spread of COVID-19 worldwide created anxiety, fear, and stress. In the meantime, healthcare workers have been suffering from significant psychological distress due to providing direct care to the patient, side injuries and quarantine. Examining the effects of this disease based on structural models can help develop a more appropriate program. Therefore, the present research aims to investigate and identify the factors involved in reduction of psychological effects of COVID-19 by interpretive structural modeling.
Methods:This study was a mixed study (quantitative and qualitative). The study population included doctors, supervisors and nurses of the clinical departments of Khatam-ul-AnbiyaAbarkoh Hospital in Yazd. The participants were selected using the snowball sampling method. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. In the quantitative part of the research, the structural self-interaction matrix was used based on our pairwise comparisons between the research components in the form of a square matrix to receive experts' votes and opinions. . The final analysis was performed by MATLAB2018.
Result:The results show that the greatest effects are related to "appropriate measures to reduce the disease such as environmental ventilation" and "financial support of personnel" and "sufficient provision of personal protective equipment" and "dedicated sufficient manpower to the involved departments" (with a power of 8). And the lowest influence is related to "continuous training of stress management and constant presence of a psychologist" (with an influence of influence 5)
Conclusion:In a situation where the medical staff have a serious responsibility, it is necessary to maintain their mental health, because the main role in fighting this virus is definitely the responsibility of these people. The basic factors in the research model include continuous stress management training, the presence of a psychologist, and inspection of infected areas. by the management team and providing adequate personal protective equipment. As a result, the factors involved in reducing the psychological burden and the prevailing conditions should originate from the mentioned variables and be extended to other variables.
Quantum Dots and Their Application in Water and Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Ahmadzadeh Saeid , Dolatabadi Maryam , Malekahmadi Roya , Rasooli Ali
Published: March 2023

The Article Abstract is not available.
Microplastics as New Air Pollutants
Authors: Atafar Zahra , Hosseinpoor Saeed , Mohammadi Amir
Published: March 2023

The Article Abstract is not available.
Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment of Urban Wastewater Pertaining to Irrigation of Agricultural Products in Qom, Iran, in 2020
Authors: Yari Ahmad Reza , Ghafuri Yadollah , Aali Rahim
Published: March 2023

Introduction: The present study aims to evaluate adverse health effects caused by the use of wastewater for the irrigation of fields in Qom province, Iran.
Materials and Methods: An environmental monitoring program was designed for 3 pathogens-Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, and E. coli O157 and carried out on 120 samples from raw wastewater, effluent, and irrigated products with wastewater. In the next phase, exposure assessment and microbial risk assessment were performed using a questionnaire and interviewing 200 participants. 
Results: Concentrations of E. coli, V. Cholerae, and E. coli O157:H7 in raw wastewater were determined to be 3.4 × 103 ± 500 cfu/100ml, 2.1 × 103 ± 100 cfu/100ml, and 312 cfu/100ml, respectively. Concentrations of E. coli, V. Cholerae, and E. coli O157:H7 in effluent were determined to be 2.1 × 103 ± 100 cfu/100ml, 0.8 × 103 ± 100 cfu/100ml, and 176 cfu/100ml, respectively. The conventional wastewater treatment system was effective in removing E. coli, V. Cholerae, and E. coli O157: H7 by 50%, 59%, and 43%, respectively. Crops irrigated with effluent contained 400 ± 250 cfu/100ml, 0.1 × 103 ± 0.019 cfu/100ml, and 52 cfu/100ml of E. coli, V. Cholerae, and E. coli O157:H7, respectively. According to the exposure scenarios, the total annual probability of infection in the studied population for E. coli, V. Cholerae, and E. coli O157:H7 was determined to be 8 × 10-2, 8 × 10-4, and 17 × 10-2, respectively.
Conclusions: In irrigating agricultural crops with wastewater implementing wastewater safety plans (WWSP) is crucial.
A Geo-Statistical Analysis of the Impact of Ecological and Environmental Risks on Epidemiology in the South-west, Nigeria
Authors: Adekunle Bashiru Kehinde , Ojurongbe Taiwo Adetola , Fadipe Olusola , Okeke Joshua , Abiodun Afolabi Habeeb , Adeboye Nureni Olawale , Akanni Iwa Abiola
Published: March 2023

Introduction: The probability of contamination is frequently elevated in scenarios where a well and pit latrine coexist, or in situations where heavy rain causes the overflow of open excreta dumps, which in turn flush into wells and surface water. Many possible negative health effects might arise from exposure to various ecological and biological agents in the environment. Therefore, there is a need to examine the risk of disease transmission in Ife North Local Government Area (LGA) of Osun state, using epidemiological, environmental, and ecological factors.
Materials and Methods: Geostatistical analysis was used to examine the epidemiological risk, based on various environmental, biological, and ecological variables. The technique employed demonstrated the complexity and multiple parameters that raise the probability of an epidemic. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to determine whether or not the data were normally distributed. Fuzzy logic, correlation, and spline surface interpolation analysis were conducted using ArcGIS 10.3 and ENVI 5.0 software. Three levels of epidemic risk were used to construct the disease surveillance and projection maps.
Results: According to the final susceptibility map, 8.08 km2 of 460.12 km2 of the research area were considered to be at very low risk for an epidemic, followed by 364.98km2 of low risk and 87.06km2 of moderate risk areas, with percentages of 1.75%, 79.32%, and 18.92%, respectively.
Conclusion: A very substantial correlation was observed between biological and ecological components and water-borne diseases. It is, therefore, advised that all water sources be treated before consumption, and community involvement be encouraged in environmental sanitation programs.
Biodiesel-Petrodiesel Blends Physicochemical Characterization and Economic Assessment of Designing a Plant in Iran
Authors: Koohshekan Omid , Pardakhti Alireza , Zahed Mohammad Ali , Salehi Abozar , Soltanian Zadeh Zahra , Mojiri Amin
Published: March 2023

Introduction: By substituting conventional fossil fuels, biofuel can emerge as a potential sustainable energy source with favorable environmental outcomes. Biodiesel, in particular, is increasingly attracting attention due to its high potential to increase the consumption of biofuel and contributing to sustainable development. Experimental studies have revealed that biodiesel can play a considerable role of biodiesel in improving petroleum-based characteristics.
Materials and Methods: Physicochemical properties of pure biodiesel produced through esterification and transesterification, petroleum diesel, and biodiesel-diesel blends were experimentally measured. Ninety percent of the filtered and dried waste cooking oil (WCO) was converted to biodiesel, and it was shown that cetane index, flash point, and fire point increased by applying B10 (10% biodiesel + 90% petrodiesel) instead of petrodiesel.
Results: B10 exhibited an adequate depression in pour point and cloud point by 6°C and 3°C at low temperature, respectively. Also, in this study, an economical study and a sensitivity analysis of a biodiesel production plant from WCO with a capacity of 90 tons per day was carried out, using COMFAR III software. The highest proportion of operating cost belonged to WCO (75%) followed by methanol (10%) and machinery, service, and maintenance expense (5%).
Conclusion: Biodiesel showed a positive influence on petrodiesel characteristics, in which the desired green fuel contributed to save the environment. Eventually, economic analysis provides the possibility of running a plant in Iran as a sustainable solution to energy issues.
The Relationship between Exposure to Arsenic in Drinking Water and the Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus in Two Urban Populations in the Southeastern Areas of Iran
Authors: Kahnooji Mohammad , Karimifar Maryam , Azin Mahdieh , Ahmadnia Hassan , Razavi Seyed Ahmad , Madahian Ali Mohammad , Eslami Hadi
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Chronic exposure to Arsenic (As) can increase the risk of diabetes mellitus. This study aims to determine the relationship between exposure to the As by drinking water and the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in two urban populations of Rafsanjan and Kashkuyeh, Iran, in 2020.
Materials and Methods: In this research, 120 participants from Rafsanjan and Kashkuyeh were recruited and divided into four groups. The first two groups have lived in Rafsanjan and Kashkuyeh for the past 10 years, and the second two groups have lived in these two cities for less than a year. Individuals with two episodes of fasting blood glucose (FBG) ≥ 126 mg/dl were considered to have diabetes.
Results: As was found in high levels in all samples (10 samples) in Rafsanjan and 55% of samples (10 samples) in Kashkuyeh. The prevalence of diabetes was significantly higher in people with a residence duration of more than 10 years (p = 0.038). The analysis of Multiple Logistic Regression model demonstrated that the chance of developing diabetes in people who had lived in either city for more than 10 years was almost 5.7 times higher than others (OR = 5.79; P = 0.003). Also, the chance of developing diabetes was 91% higher in people who had lived in Rafsanjan compared with Kashkuyeh, and 91% higher in men than in women (OR = 1.915; P = 0.215).
Conclusion: Chronic exposure (≥ 10 years) to high levels of As by drinking water can increase the risk of diabetes, and future research is needed in this regard.
Evaluation of influencing parameters on the causes of occupational accidents in the construction industry using Fuzzy logic-AHP and Pareto theory (case study: Kurdistan province)
Authors: Jannaty R , Abedi K , Jannaty L
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Statistics show that occupational accidents in the construction industry are relatively high. Also, a significant percentage of these accidents in this industry leads to death. Therefore, in this study, the parameters affecting the causes of occupational accidents in the construction industry were evaluated using the combined method of Fuzzy logic-AHP and Pareto's theory in Kurdistan province, and management and engineering mitigation measures were determined.
Methods and Materials: In this study, the effective parameters in the occurrence of accidents in the construction industry were identified and a questionnaire based on fuzzy hierarchical analysis was designed and distributed, which was completed by 83 occupational health and safety specialists in the Kurdistan province of Iran. The data analysis was done based on Fuzzy logic-AHP and Pareto theory.
Results: In the evaluation of this study, out of the set of eight factors, unsafe conditions were found to be the most influential factor. Also, among the sub-factors of this index, the two parameters of lack of scaffolding and safety equipment for working at height and lack of protective fences in existing cliffs were the most important.
Conclusion: Based on these results, it is suggested that to reduce the occurrence of accidents in this industry, control measures to create safe working conditions at height should be prioritized. Also, paying attention to the parameters determined by the Pareto theory in each factor can easily reduce more than 80% of the causes of occupational accidents in this industry.
Reactive airway dysfunction syndrome caused by chlorine gas from the point of view of Persian Medicine: A review article
Authors: Akbari Mashak Kh , Agin Kh , Emaratkar E , Gholami Fesharaki M , Namdar H
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Chlorine gas inhalation is a toxic respiratory irritant associated with high lung complications. Despite its wide industrial and domestic applications such as bleaching detergents, there is no specific treatment for chlorine gas poisoning yet and common standard treatments are mostly supportive. In this regard, this study aimed to find a new treatment for this pathogenesis from the perspective of Persian medicine (PM).
Materials and methods: In this review study, at first, we searched the etiologies and clinical symptoms associated with chlorine gas poisoning in modern medicine and then compared them with similar etiologies and symptoms in valuable Persian medical manuscripts. Then we reviewed the proposed treatments for similar illnesses from the point of view of PM.
Results: The pathology of lung damage caused by inhalation of chlorine gas is reactive airway dysfunction syndrome (RADS), which leads to dyspnea, hypoxemia, respiratory tract obstruction, pneumonia, pulmonary edema, and finally acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In a comparative study, it seems that this pathology has the closest similarity with the Persian term“Varme-e-harr riye”. The treatment strategy for this syndrome in PM is bloodletting at the first and then the application of cold-temperament foods and medications to improve the lungs.
Conclusion: According to the compatibility of acute pulmonary edema caused by chlorine inhalation and “varam-e-harr riye” in PM, it seems that wet cupping can be considered as a suggested primary and emergency treatment for this pathology in future clinical studies.
An Integrative Review of HR Analytics Implementation
Authors: Mukuze Kebiat , Chavunduka Desderio , Manuere Faitira , Ndhlovu Pilot
Published: March 2023

Different organizations worldwide are increasingly turning to human resource analytics to improve their strategic human resource and business goals. Specifically, this has been necessitated by advances in information technology in the corporate business world. Therefore, this advancement in information technology has heightened expectations and contributed to a very positive perception of human resource analytics. Using HRA to manage the human endeavor, on the other hand, is still marred by different implementation challenges owing to a lack of understanding and appreciation by the key stakeholders. Using an integrative synthesis, the researchers conducted an integrative review of refereed journal articles on HRA Implementation. A search from three major data banks turned up 133 410 hits and according to the search criteria, only twelve relevant articles were reviewed. Consequently, the number of articles in refereed journals and the research question addressed were used to categorize the articles. The articles were classified according to the following four questions: What exactly is HRA? How does HRA function? What are the consequences of using HRA? What factors influence HRA adoption? Researchers concluded that despite information connecting HRA adoption to strategic firm performance, academic research and HRA adoption are extremely low, resulting in a scarcity of evidence on the subject. All in all, such a revelation warrants further investigation through longitudinal and cross-sectional field surveys.
Digital Media and Internet Safety Among Primary School Students During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Blažević Ines , Klein Nikolina
Published: March 2023

Digital media has become part of our everyday life in recent years, and this applies especially to school-age students. The COVID-19 pandemic and the transition to distance learning have raised the level of student exposure to the Internet, including its dangers. Aiming to examine the impact of preventive programs for safe Internet practices on the media literacy of children in primary school, we conducted an empirical study among 267 students. Media literacy was analysed in terms of the ways of using digital media as well as in terms of safe Internet practices, and comparisons were made by student gender and age.
The Relationship Between Intercultural Sensitivity, World Music Preferences and Preferences for Visual Artwork from Other Cultures
Authors: Dobrota Snježana , Krnić Marijo , Brajčić Marija
Published: March 2023

The results do not confirm the influence of the type of secondary education completed on intercultural sensitivity, world music preferences or on preferences for visual artwork from different cultures. Neither was the influence of participants’ year of study on their level of intercultural sensitivity confirmed, but we did confirm that older students show greater preferences for world music and visual artwork from different cultures when compared to younger students. Furthermore, the study confirmed a connection between intercultural sensitivity, on the one hand, and preferences for world music and visual artwork from different cultures, on the other.
Are Pedagogical Students More Creative than Students of Non-Pedagogical Programs?
Authors: Zemljak Dejan , Ploj Virtič Mateja
Published: March 2023

The study aims to explore whether there are significant differences in self-assessed creativity between pedagogical and non-pedagogical students, the potential connection between creativity and pedagogical or non-pedagogical study orientation, whether the pedagogical or non-pedagogical orientation of studies influences creativity, and additionally whether there are significant differences in self-assessed creativity between the genders, related to the results of creativity self-assessment. The results showed no statistically significant differences in creativity between students according to gender or according to whether they were pedagogical or non-pedagogical students. We can conclude that the expression of creativity is likely to be influenced by many other factors.
Primary School Students and Teachers' Appreciation of Gregorian Singing
Authors: Blašković Jelena , Prša Tihomir
Published: March 2023

The aim of this study was to examine the attitudes of primary school students and teachers towards Gregorian singing. The research was conducted during the academic year 2019/2020 and included 381 students and thirty-five primary school teachers in Croatia. The results of the t-test showed a statistically significant high appreciation of Gregorian singing among students and teachers. Using the Kruskal Wallis test, we established that younger student showed greater appreciation compared to older students. Students and teachers expressed positive attitudes towards the examples of Gregorian singing to which they listened. Most subjects indicated that they liked Gregorian singing and desired to get to know it more deeply during music lessons in primary education.
Interpretive Research and its Use in the Field of Pedagogy
Authors: Krmac Nina
Published: March 2023

The article focuses on the definition of interpretive research, which is relatively unfamiliar within Slovenia. Other parts of the world also lack a common definition, and various authors classify it differently. Some authors define it as a research method within the interpretive paradigm, whereas others describe it as a type of research or a way of interpreting data that can also be applied within other paradigms. It is often equated with qualitative research. The article presents its role and importance in research, with particular emphasis on its utility in the field of pedagogy.
Use of Autonomy-Supportive or Controlling Motivational Style of Teaching with Special Education and Rehabilitation Teachers
Authors: Černe Tanja
Published: March 2023

Self-determination theory assumes that the motivational teaching style significantly influences the motivational orientation of students, as well as their memorization, automation of learning skills and educational achievements. The research included 30 special education and rehabilitation teachers, who provide additional professional assistance in primary school and who were asked to complete a self-evaluation questionnaire based on self-determination theory. The following facts were ascertained: the autonomy-supportive style of teaching prevails; the presence of one characteristic does not condition the presence of another characteristic; and the use of style does not depend on the years of experience.