bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Duration between aneurysm rupture and treatment - association with outcome in aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage
Authors: Hostettler Isabel Charlotte , Lange Nicole , Schwendinger Nina , Frangoulis Samira , Hirle Theresa , Trost Dominik , Gempt Jens , Kreiser Kornelia , Wostrack Maria , Meyer Bernhard
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Timely treatment of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH) is key to prevent further rupture and poor outcome. We evaluated complications and outcome adjusting for time from haemorrhage to treatment.
Methods: Retrospective analysis of aSAH patients admitted between 2006 and 2020. Data was collected using standardized case report forms. We compared risk factors using multivariable logistic regression.
Results: We included 853 patients, 698 (81.8%) were treated within 24 hours. Patients with higher Hunt and Hess grades were admitted and treated significantly faster than those with lower grades (overall p-value<0.001). Fifteen patients (1.8%) rebled before intervention. In the multivariable logistic analysis adjusting for timing, Barrow Neurological Institute score and intracerebral haemorrhage were significantly associated with rebleeding (overall p-value 0.006; OR 3.12, 95%CI 1.09-8.92, p=0.03, respectively). Treatment >24 hours was associated with higher mortality and cerebral infarction in lower grades aSAH (OR 3.13, 1.02-9.58 95%CI, p-value=0.05; OR 7.69, 2.44-25.00, p-value<0.001, respectively).
Conclusion: Treatment >24 hours after rupture is associated with higher mortality and cerebral infarction rates in lower grades aSAH. Delay in treatment with consequently higher complication rates primarily affects patients with lower grade aSAH. Patients with lower grade aSAH ought to be treated with the same urgency as higher-grade aSAH.
Method for 3D atomic structure determination of multi-element nanoparticles with graphene liquid-cell TEM
Authors: Heo Junyoung , Kim Dongjun , Choi Hyesung , Kim Sungin , Chun Hoje , Reboul Cyril , Van Cong T. S. , Elmlund Dominika , Choi Soonmi , Kim Kihyun , Park Younggil , Elmlund Hans , Han Byungchan , Park Jungwon
Published: October 2022

Determining the 3D atomic structures of multi-element nanoparticles in their native liquid environment is crucial to understanding their physicochemical properties. We here introduce a 3D atomic structure determination method for multi-element nanoparticle systems. The method, which is based on low-pass filtration and initial 3D model generation customized for different types of multi-element systems, enables reconstruction of high-resolution 3D Coulomb density maps for ordered and disordered multi-element systems and classification of the heteroatom type. Using high-resolution image datasets obtained from TEM simulations of PbSe, CdSe, and FePt nanoparticles that are structurally relaxed with first-principles calculations in the graphene liquid cell, we show that the types and positions of the constituent atoms are precisely determined with root mean square displacement (RMSD) values less than 24 pm. Our study suggests that it is possible to investigate the 3D atomic structures of synthesized multi-element nanoparticles in liquid phase.
Computation and comparison of gene expression variability in fibroblasts of long-term survivors of childhood cancer and cancer-free controls in response to ionizing and sham-irradiation: the KiKme study
Authors: Grandt Caine Lucas , Brackmann Lara Kim , Foraita Ronja , Schwarz Heike , Bartenschlager Willempje Hummel , Hankeln Thomas , Kraemer Christiane , Zahnreich Sebastian , Drees Philipp , Mirsch Johanna , Spix Claudia , Blettner Maria , Schmidberger Heinz , Binder Harald , Hess Moritz , Galetzka Danuta , Marini Federico , Poplawski Alicia , Marron Manuela
Published: October 2022

Background: Differential expression analysis is usually adjusted for variation. However, most studies that examined the expression variability (EV) have used computations affected by low expression levels and did not examine healthy tissue. This study aims to calculate and characterize an unbiased EV in primary fibroblasts of childhood cancer survivors and cancer-free controls (N0) in response to ionizing radiation.Methods: Human skin fibroblasts of 52 donors with a first primary neoplasm in childhood (N1), 52 donors with at least one second primary neoplasm (N2+), as well as 52 N0 were obtained from the KiKme case-control study and exposed to a high (2 Gray) and a low dose (0.05 Gray) of X-rays and sham- irradiation (0 Gray). Genes were then classified as hypo-, non-, or hyper-variable per donor group and radiation treatment, and subsequently examined for enriched functional signatures.Results:We found 22 genes with considerable EV differences between donor groups, of which 11 genes were associated with response to ionizing radiation, stress, and DNA repair. The largest number of genes exclusive to one donor group and variability classification combination were all detected in N0: hypo-variable genes after 0 Gray (n=49), 0.05 Gray (n=41), and 2 Gray (n=38), as well as hyper-variable genes after any dose (n=43). After 2 Gray GO term groups contained theNotch signalling pathway, subsumingcellular response to oxidative stress,cell death in response to hydrogen peroxide,DNA damage response, anddetection of DNA damage. In N2+, 30 genes were uniquely classified as hyper-variable after the low dose, and were associated with inflammatory functions. For N1, no exclusive gene sets with functions related to the radiation response were detected in our data.Conclusion: Only in N0, the handling of genotoxic and oxidative stress after a high dose of ionizing radiation may be tightly regulated and thus more efficient, whereas, after a low dose, only N2+ showed high degrees of variability in inflammatory pathways that can be a result of radiation-induced reactive oxygen species, potentially leading to a higher vulnerability towards side effects of exposure to high doses of ionizing radiation.
Quantitative Electroencephalography Findings in Treatment- resistant and Responsive Patients with Idiopathic Generalized Tonic-Clonic Epilepsy
Authors: Shaafi Sheida , Nasibi Seyede Maryam , Chalabianloo Gholamreza , Nejadghaderi Seyed Aria
Published: October 2022

Background: With roughly 50 million people affected in the world, epilepsy is a particularly important disorder of the brain commonly diagnosed based on findings of quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG). The present investigation was aimed to evaluate differences in QEEG readings of drug-resistant and drug-responsive patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) with tonic-clonic seizures in a northwestern Iranian population.
Methods: A total of 60 participants, consisting of 30 drug-resistant and 30 drug-responsive patients with IGE, were enrolled. Data, including demographic information and Z-transformed absolute power values of QEEG in anterior, central and posterior alpha, beta, delta and theta bands were collected. The analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS and a p-value<0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
Results: Of the 60 participants with a mean age of 31.55 ± 10.48, 41 (68.3%) were female and 19 (31.7%) were male. Statistically significant differences were observed in anterior alpha, beta and theta bands, central alpha, beta, delta and theta bands, and posterior beta, delta and theta bands between the two groups, with the absolute power Z-scores of drug-resistant group being significantly higher than the other (P-values<0.05). Abnormal EEGs were recorded for 16 (53.3%) and 5 (23.8%) patients from the drug-resistant and drug-response groups, respectively, indicating a significant difference (P-value=0.006). Female patients were more likely to have drug-resistant disease than male participants (P-value=0.003).
Conclusions: QEEG is a valuable diagnostic test for prognostication of patients with IGE, or follow-up of patients with regards to their treatment. QEEGs with normal readings indicate a more favorable prognosis, compared with those containing abnormal findings.
Catalytic Valorisation of Sugarcane Bagasse to Energy Carriers
Authors: Anekwe Ifeanyi Michael Smarte , Mustapha Sherif Ishola , Isa Yusuf Makarfi
Published: October 2022

Sustainable processes have continued to be of interest to both academia and industries. The sugar industry in this regard has explored the potential of using sugar cane bagasse as a fuel within the industry so as to enhance the economics of the process. In addition to its fuel potential, bagasse has the prospects of being converted to chemical compounds that could serve as both raw materials as well as energy carriers. In this work, we investigated the potential of adding value to sugarcane bagasse by catalytic and non-catalytic thermal conversion processes; hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) and pyrolysis. HZSM-5 was used as a catalyst for both the hydrothermal liquefaction and pyrolysis processes. The HTL operating temperature and heating times were varied between 220–373°C and 30–60 mins respectively while the catalyst type, reactor volume loading and feedstock to water ratio remained fixed. The pyrolysis was carried out at temperatures of 400°C, 450°C and 500°C and the effect of catalyst to biomass (0.1:1 g/g, 0.25:1 g/g and 0.5:1 g/g) on the product yield and distribution was also investigated. The results showed that various compounds were obtained as the hydrothermal conditions were varied. Interestingly, the aliphatic hydrocarbons were relatively lower in concentration when compared to the substituted hydrocarbons. The highest amount of hydrocarbons (a little over 6 wt. %) was obtained when the bagasse was hydrothermally converted using a catalyst at 300°C for 45 minutes. Esters accounted for about 80 wt. % when the process was carried out at 373°C and 45 minutes in the presence of ZSM-5, this is more than double the amount obtained when the same conditions were used in the absence of a catalyst. Findings from this study also revealed that the bio-oil yield was significantly affected by pyrolysis temperature and catalyst to feedstock ratio. A higher yield of pyrolytic bio-oil and higher conversion of sugarcane bagasse was produced with the HZSM-5 catalyst when compared to the non-catalytic pyrolysis process. Aromatization of produced bio-oil was enhanced by the higher catalyst loading during the pyrolysis of sugarcane bagasse.
In situ diffraction monitoring of nanocrystals structure evolving during catalytic reaction at their surface
Authors: Zieliński Maciej , Kaszkur Zbigniew , Juszczyk Wojciech , Sobczak Janusz
Published: October 2022

With decreasing size of crystals the number of their surface atoms becomes comparable to the number of bulk atoms and their powder diffraction pattern becomes sensitive to a changing surface structure. On the example of nanocrystalline gold supported on also nanocrystalline CeO2 we show evolution of (a) the background pattern due to chemisorption phenomena, (b) peak positions due to changing concentration profile of O within nonstoichiometric CeO(2−x) particles, (c) Au peak intensity due to transport phenomena of gold atoms to the surface of ceria, varying amount of Au in the crystalline form. The results of the measurements, complemented with mass spectrometry gas analysis, point to a multiply twinned structure of gold, its high mobility and repeatable peak position on exposure to He-X-He when X is O2 , H2 ,CO or CO oxidation reaction mixture, suggesting no ceria lattice oxygen being consumed/supplied at any stage of the process. The work shows possibility of structurally interpreting different contributions to the multi-phase powder diffraction pattern during a complex physico-chemical process, including effects of physi- and chemisorption. It shows a way to structurally interpret surface evolution during a catalytic reaction involving no bulk phase transition.
Parallel synthesis of condensed pyrimidine-thiones and their antitumor activities
Authors: Song Buer , Nie Lifei , Bozorov Khurshed , Kuryazov Rustamkhon , Aisa Haji Akber , Zhao Jiangyu
Published: October 2022

Herein we studied the formation of thiones via C=O group conversion into the C=S functional group-based tricyclic pyrimidinone systems using Lawesson’s reagent and phosphorus pentasulfide as thionation agents. Naturally-occurring alkaloids deoxyvasicinone and mackinazolinone were selected as templates for the modification of furo[2,3-d]pyrimidinone and pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidinone scaffold. Research work was performed under the combinatorial and parallel synthesis of pyrimidine-based small molecules, along with a one-pot reaction strategy. All synthesized 54 novel pyrimidine-thiones were elucidated by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and HRMS analysis. In addition, both series of thiones were evaluated for their antitumor activity against three types of the human cancer cell: cervical HeLa, breast MCF-7, and colon HT-29 lines. Compound with azepine fragment 13aa (1-methyl-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1,6,7,8,9,10-hexahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2',3':4,5]pyrimido[1,2-a]azepine-4-thione) was most active derivative (IC50=2.09±0.22 µM) against the HT-29 cell line.
Effect of preconditioner conditions and soybean meal substitution with sunflower meal on the chemical composition of the commercial freshwater fish extrudates
Authors: Suloma Ashraf , Abdel-Salam Sameh , Kaddour Osama , Mabroke Rania Said , Abd-Elhamed Mohamed
Published: October 2022

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the combined effect of the preconditioner conditions and substitution soybean meal protein with sunflower meal protein on the chemical composition of freshwater fish feeds. This experiment was conducted using Box-Behnken design with three independent variables; i) substitution of soybean meal with sunflower meal at three levels 0, 25 and 50%, ii) preconditioner temperature at three levels of 85, 95 and 105 °C, iii) preconditioner moisture (15,17.5 and 20%). There was no significant effect of manipulating the level of the three independent variables on the extrudates crude protein, crude fat, ash level and trypsin inhibitor activity. Increasing the substitution of soybean meal by sunflower meal significantly increased the extrudates dry matter and crud fiber levels. Increasing the preconditioner temperature had no negative effects on all the essential amino acids levels with exception of the threonine level, while significant increase in arginine, histidine and alanine levels of the extrudates were observed. Increasing sunflower meal inclusion had a negative significant effect on lysine and tyrosine levels and had a significant positive effect on methionine and glycine levels. These results indicate that increasing of the preconditioner temperature has a positive effect on increasing the inclusion level of sunflower meal in freshwater fish diets.
Production of a herbal drink by spray drying of mixed purple basil extract- lemon juice; formulation, process optimization, and characterization
Authors: Avazsoofian Abdolsattar , Gülmez Handan Başünal , Topuz Ayhan , Malekjani Narjes , Jafari Seid Mahdi
Published: October 2022

In this study, the possibility of producing mixed purple basil-lemon juice powder as an herbal drink by the spray drying was explored. The purple basil extract and lemon juice were mixed in a ratio of 65:35 (% v/v), and the process variables including inlet air temperature (110–190°C) as well as the concentrations of maltodextrin (MD) and gum Arabic (GA) as carriers were optimized. The spray dried powder was characterized in terms of the moisture content, water activity, water solubility, product yield, particle size, total monomeric anthocyanins, and volatile components. The results indicated that both air temperature and MD/AG ratio had a significant effect on final powder properties except for aw. The optimum conditions for maximizing encapsulation efficiency and powder yield while keeping other factors in a suitable range were inlet temperature of 146°C, 9.68%, MD, and 5.32% GA. Moreover, the GC-MS data revealed that the predominant aroma components in the final powder, lemon juice, and the reconstituted product were limonene and γ-terpinene; limonene; γ-terpinene, linalool, and 1.8 cineole, respectively. Overall, these results demonstrated that spray drying using AG/MD blends was feasible, improving the consolidation of bioactive compounds of purple basil and lemon juice in powdered form.
Elucidation of the metabolic mechanism for malate production in Myceliophthora thermophila via 13C metabolic flux analysis
Authors: Jiang Junfeng , Liu Defei , Tian Chaoguang , Xia Jianye
Published: October 2022

Background
Myceliophthora thermophila has been engineered to be an important cell factory for malic acid production, however detail information on how carbon fluxes are distributed in the high production strain is still not clear. 13C-MFA (13C metabolic flux analysis) can help to understand cellular metabolic mechanisms and identify important targets for deciphering the carbon flux distribution and improving product synthesis. Here, we used 13C-MFA to study metabolic flux distribution of high malate production strain of M. thermophile for the first time.
Results
Higher glucose uptake and carbon dioxide release rate, together with lower oxygen consumption rate and biomass yield was found in malate high production strain M. thermophila JG207 compared to the wild strain. Corresponding to the above phenotypes, it is found that in JG207 both pentose phosphate pathway flux and oxidative phosphorylation flux decreased, while TCA downstream flux increased. Higher PPP flux in WT strain accompanied with higher energy state, and corresponding high ATP concentration inhibited glucose-6-phosphate isomerase activity. Several intermediates of reduced TCA pathway in JG207 were accumulated due to high reduction power state, which benefits the conversion of oxalate to malate. The reduced flux of oxidative phosphorylation is shown to be able to cover extra supply of NADH for high malate production.
Conclusions
This work revealed the intracellular metabolic fluxes distribution for the high malic acid production strain M. thermophile JG207 for the first time. The flux distribution results showed that higher NADH supply was of high importance for higher accumulation of malic acids, this may be guidance for further improvement of the productivity.
Different definitions of feeding intolerance and their associations with outcomes of critically ill adults receiving enteral nutrition: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Jianbo , Wang Lijie , Zhang Huan , Zou Tongjuan , Kang Yan , Liao Xuelian , He Wei , Xu Yuan , Yin Wanhong
Published: October 2022

Background A unified clinical definition of feeding intolerance (FI) is urged for better management of enteral nutrition (EN) in critically ill patients. We summarized the comprehensive evidence for the associations of different FI definitions with patient-centered outcomes. Methods This systematic review and meta-analysis included searches of PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, and several Chinese medical databases from inception to April 26, 2022, for clinical studies comparing FI with non-FI premised on a clear FI definition and patient-centered outcomes in critical illness adults receiving EN. We summarized the evidence by random-effect meta-analyses and rated the certainty of evidence by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation frameworks. Results 5525 records were identified by our search, of which 26 studies enrolled 25189 adult patients. Except for all-cause long-term mortality and mechanical ventilation days, all patient-centered outcomes were associated with FI. Moderate to low certainty evidence established FI defined as large gastric residual volume (GRV) combined with any other gastrointestinal symptoms (GISs) had a significant association with high mortalities in particular all-cause intensive care unit (ICU) mortality (odds ratio [OR] 2.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.98 to 2.65) and prolonged length of ICU stay (mean difference 4.21, 95% CI 2.52 to 5.90), with a moderate ICU prevalence (40.36%, 95% CI 33.73–46.99%). GRV ≥ 500 ± 50 mL (24-hour cumulative) alone had a higher risk of all-cause ICU mortality (OR 2.58, 95% CI 2.08 to 3.19) but with a low ICU prevalence (11.25%, 95% CI -10.3–32.79%) while enteral feeding (EF) percentage < 80% had a higher ICU prevalence (50.29%, 95% CI 14.25 to 86.32) but a marginally significant association with all-cause ICU mortality (OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.08 to 3.24) as overlapping the prespecified upper limit value for the minimally important difference of 1.2 times the baseline risk. Conclusions In critically ill adult patients receiving EN, the large-GRV-centered GISs to define FI proved superior to EF-based or large GRV alone in terms of both close associations with all-cause ICU mortality and acceptable ICU prevalence. The study was registered with PROSPERO: CRD42022326273. Registered 10 May 2022.
Harsh Parenting and Suicide Ideation among Chinese Adolescents: The Roles of Self-esteem and School Social Support
Authors: Zhao Jingfei , Wang Yulong
Published: October 2022

While negative parenting style has considered as a risk factor for suicide ideation, little attention has been given to the mechanisms between harsh parenting and suicide ideation. This study explored the mechanism underlying the relationship between harsh parenting and suicide ideation among Chinese adolescents. Participants were 4189 Chinese adolescents who completed measures of harsh parenting, school social support, self-esteem, and suicide ideation. The results demonstrated that beyond the direct impact of harsh parenting on adolescent suicide ideation, harsh parenting also indirectly contributed to adolescent suicide ideation via the mediator of adolescents’ self-esteem. School social support moderated the relationship between harsh parenting and self-esteem as well as the relationship between self-esteem and suicide ideation. The buffering effect of school social support is limited as risk increasing. The findings suggest potential pathways for suicide prevention and intervention strategies.
Stability Classification of Stock Market Using Temporal Rule-Based Classification
Authors: Fattah Polla , Aickelin Uwe , Wagner Christian , Rashid Tarik A. , Alsadoon Abeer , Bacanin Nebojsa
Published: October 2022

Economists have sought to predict stock market prices for decades with varying degrees of success. This study classifies stocks according to their stability in two consequent financial quarters (depending on whether the majority of stocks remain in the same stability group, which can indicate forecastability). However, classifying temporal information like stock market data using available methods produces complicated rules that cannot be easily interpreted by human experts. To reduce this complication a new approach of rule-based temporal classification is used. The method combines human-provided rules with machine optimisation to produce classes that can be easily interpreted by experts, enabling them to comprehend the complicated temporal dimension of the data. Rules provided by human experts might be via generalization of the temporal data using statistical functions like standard deviation and averages. Initially, each rule will have a range of possible values that can be reduced to a single one. For this study, we classify the stability of stock market data of the S&P 500 for two constitutive financial quarters to test if stocks have the same stability or not. The results show that the classes for stock markets are different beyond random chance, which might be an indication of the viability of forecasting stock markets depending on their old trends.
A Novel Model Based on Immune-Related Genes for Differentiating Biliary Atresia from Other Cholestatic Diseases
Authors: 李 腾飞 , Zheng Qipeng , Zhang Ruifeng , Liu Shaowen , Lin Yuda , Zhan Jianghua
Published: October 2022

Purpose
Based on a public gene expression database, this study established the immune-related genetic model that distinguished BA from other cholestasis diseases (DC) for the first time. We explored the molecular mechanism of BA based on the gene model.
Methods
The BA microarray dataset GSE46960, containing BA, other cause of intrahepatic cholestasis than biliary atresia and normal liver gene expression data, was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. We performed a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis to establish and validate an immune-related gene model and subsequently identified hub genes as biomarkers associated with the molecular mechanisms of BA. To assess the model's performance for separating BA from other cholestasis diseases, we used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the area under the curve (AUC) of the ROC. Independent datasets GSE69948 and GSE122340 were used for the validation process.
Results
The model was built using eight immune-related genes, including EDN1, HAMP, SAA1, SPP1, ANKRD1, MMP7, TACSTD2, and UCA1. In the GSE46960 and validation group, it presented excellent results, and the prediction accuracy of BA in comparison to other cholestasis diseases was good. Functional enrichment analysis revealed significant immunological differences between BA and other cholestatic diseases. Finally, we found that the TNFα- NF-κB pathway is associated with EDN1 gene expression and may explain fibrosis progression, which may become a new therapeutic target.
Conclusion
In summary, we have successfully constructed an immune-related gene model that can distinguish BA from other cholestatic diseases, while identifying the hub gene. Our exploration of immune genes provides new clues for the early diagnosis, molecular mechanism, and clinical treatment of biliary atresia.
A Novel Recommender System Using PSO, FCM and, Autoencoder
Authors: Verma Om Prakash , Beniwal Nidhi
Published: October 2022

The recommender system is the most developing application in the web environment. A good Recommendation system needs to make choices and decisions to provide recommendations to the user. The Recommender system filters the information and provides accurate recommendations of products or services for a concerned individual. In this research, we propose a model, which employs three approaches; clustering, nature-inspired optimizer, and deep learning. The fuzzy c-means clustering technique is combined with the particle swarm optimization algorithm. The particle swarm optimizer works as a feature extractor. The particle swarm optimizer is applied to the Movielens dataset to get the initial cluster positions. The fuzzy c-means is used to classify the users in the dataset and to reduce data redundancy. The optimized and clustered data is provided as input to the autoencoder to get the final recommendations of the movies to the users. We have proposed our recommender system in two parts; 1) Using a single-layer autoencoder, and 2) Using a deep autoencoder. We analyzed our proposed system over a publicly available dataset- Movielens. The proposed system is compared with the existing recommender systems. The experimental results of our system revealed that the performance and efficiency are improved, and offered better recommendations.
· Integrated metabolic and transcriptomic profiles reveal the germination-associated dynamic changes for Cassiae Semen
Authors: Chen Biying , Shi Biru , Ge Xiaoyan , Fu Zhifei , Yu Haiyang , Zhang Xu , Liu Caixiang , Han Lifeng
Published: October 2022

Introduction The seeds of Cassia obtusifolia L. (Cassiae Semen) have been widely used as both food and traditional Chinese medicine in China.
Objectives For better understanding the metabolic mechanism along with germination, different samples of Cassiae Semen at various germinating stages were collected.
Methods These samples were subjected to 1H-NMR and UHPLC/Q-Orbitrap-MS based untargeted metabolomics analysis together with transcription analysis.
Results A total of fifty differential metabolites (mainly amino acids and sugars) and twenty key genes involved in multiple pathways were identified in two comparisons of different groups (36 h vs 12 h and 84 h vs 36 h). The metabolic and gene network for seed germination was depicted. In the germination of C. Semen, the fructose and mannose metabolism pathway was activated, indicating energy was more needed in the testa rupture period (36 h). In the embryonic axis elongation period (84 h), the pentose and glucuronate interconversions pathway, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway were activated, which suggested some nutrient sources (nitrogen and sugar) would be demanded. Furthermore, oxygen, energy and nutrition should be supplied through the whole germination process. These global views open up an integrated perspective for understanding the complex biological regulatory mechanism during seed germination process of C. Semen.
Functional assessment of Zinc oxide nanoparticle and Moringa oleifera supplementation on the male reproductive system of a diabetic rat model
Authors: Shaukat Arslan , Rasool Umair , Saeed Farhan , Shah Yasir Abbas , Afzaal Muhammad
Published: October 2022

The probable synergistic effect of chemically synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles and locally securedMoringa olieferawas assessed on diabetic rats’ model along with a potential effect on the male reproductive system and rat male serological markers. The plantMoringa olieferawas procured from the University of Agriculture Faisalabad (UAF) step solvothermal method was utilized to synthesize the zinc oxide nanoparticles. The zeta sizer, UV-vis, and spectroscopic analysis of ZnO nanoparticles were undertaken. A total of fifty healthy male albino Wistar rats weighing 250 ± 10 g were used in the experimental research study having been divided into six stops designated as negative control (NC), positive control (PC), standard control (Std. C), ZnO na nanoparticle group (ZnO),Moringa oliefera. Group (MO) and a group of combinations thereof (ZnONP + MO). The mean body weight was observed to be significantly normalized in the group ZnONP + MO i.e., 230 ± 6 grams in contrast to PC i.e., 162grams ± 4; P ≤ 0.05. The ZnONP + MO combination had a normoglycemic effect i.e., 154.4 ± 4.5 mg/dl as in opposition to the positive control, i.e., 315.7 ± 3 mg/dl. The serum level of rat testosterone in the ZnONP + MO group was observed at 0 .958 ± .08ng/ml in opposition to post-itive control, which revealed it at 0.442 ± .02 ng/ml). The follicle-stimulating hormone level in the ZnONP + MO group was recorded at 10.04 ± .04 mlU/ml significantly varied from the PC, whose level was noted at 5.08 ± .09 mlU/ml. The level of LH in the ZnONP + MO group was observed at 6.89 ± .08 mIU/ml, significantly different from PC at 3.78 ± .08 mIU/ml. Histopathological changes in the rat testes treated with alloxan alone revealed the distortion in the epithelium of seminiferous tubules (H&E stain). However, the histopathology of testes isolated from rats treated with the zinc oxide nanoparticle andMoringa olieferacombination showed almost normal spermatogenic activity, the lumen of seminiferous tubules contained sperms, normal spermatids, outer epithelium layer of seminiferous tubules was intact.
Diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic glucagonoma presenting with multiple metastases and recurring postoperatively: Report of two patients
Authors: Yu Shenghui , Ge Muxi , Zhang Cheng , Chen Lang , Zhao Lei
Published: October 2022

Background: Pancreatic glucagonoma is a rare neuroendocrine neoplasm with malignant potential. Its etiology is unclear, and its course is protracted, often fraught by recurrences and greatly diminished quality of life.
Case presentation: Herein, we report two patients with such tumors, one a 60-year-old woman hospitalized for blood glucose elevation and recurrent necrolytic migratory erythema (NME) of the trunk and limbs. Imaging studies showed an area (~3 cm) of reduced enhancement at head of pancreas. Examination of the subsequent pancreaticoduodenectomy specimen confirmed a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (G2). The patient’s blood glucose normalized postoperatively, and her skin erythema cleared. During follow-up, however, intramuscular injections (30 mg) of long-acting release (LAR) octreotide acetate microspheres were required at 28-day intervals for recurrent NME; and there was apparent hepatic and retroperitoneal nodal involvement after 36 months.
The second patient was a 32-year-old woman hospitalized for recurrent glossitis, perioral dermatitis, and NME of both lower limbs. Imaging studies revealed a low-density nodule (~2 cm) in tail of pancreas, as well as multiple space-occupying lesions of liver. Distal pancreatectomy was undertaken, with splenectomy and palliative resection of hepatic nodules, confirmingmetastasis of a primary pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (G2) to liver.The NME resolved postoperatively, but this patient also received intramuscular octreotide LAR injections (30 mg) at 28-day intervals. After 6 months, percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of residual liver lesions took place.
Conclusions: The present accounts detail our diagnostic and therapeutic experiences with this rare type of tumor, especially the management of multiple metastases upfront and postoperative recurrences.
Recent Changes in Temperature Extremes and Heat Stress over Eastern India
Authors: Akhter Javed , Biswas Riddhima , Das Lalu , Midya Subrata Kumar
Published: October 2022

The rise of extreme heat events and increase in heat stress under changing climate has been a major concern in recent periods. The present study has been undertaken to analyze temperature extremes and heat stress patterns over Eastern India from the period 1981–2020 for April, May, and June (AMJ). Six indices namely Monthly maximum value of daily maximum temperature (TXx), Monthly maximum value of daily minimum temperature (TNx), Monthly minimum value of daily maximum temperature (TXn), Monthly minimum value of daily minimum temperature (TNn), Percentage of days when maximum temperature > 90th percentile (TX90p) and minimum temperature > 90th percentile (TN90p) has been utilized to assess changes in temperatures extremes. Furthermore, three heat stress indices (HSIs) namely, Humidex, Simplified Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature, and Apparent Temperature have been used to estimate and categorize heat stress levels. Mixed results with both increasing and decreasing trends over different parts during three months have been observed in the case of TXx, TXn, TNx, and TNn. During AMJ, there has been amplification in the frequency of TX90p over coastal regions of West Bengal and Odisha season in the latest decades. Increasing TN90p frequency has been found over Sikkim, Bihar, and North Bengal while it has decreased over Chhattisgarh and Odisha. The frequency of strong heat stress has intensified over Gangetic West Bengal and Bihar during recent decades. Spatial coverage of strong stress has also gradually extended and the area under no stress has decreased during AMJ season.
Healthcare Needs of Migrant Female Head Porters in Ghana: evidence from the Greater Accra and Greater Kumasi Metropolitan areas
Authors: Opuni Rhanda Kyerewaa , Adei Dina , Mensah Anthony Acquah , Adamtey Ronald , Agyemang-Duah Williams
Published: October 2022

Background
In low-and middle-income countries, migrants are confronted with several healthcare needs which affects the promotion of well-being and healthy lives. However, not much is known about the healthcare needs of migrant female head porters (Kayayei) in Ghana. This study assesses the healthcare needs of migrant female head porters in Greater Kumasi Metropolitan Area (GKMA) and Greater Accra Metropolitan Area (GAMA).
Methods
The study adopted a convergent mixed methods design where both qualitative and quantitative data were used. A random sample size of 470 migrant female head porters was used for the study.
Results
The study revealed that ante-natal care, post-natal care, treatment of malaria, treatment of diarrhoea diseases, mental health, sexual health, and cervical screening were healthcare needs of migrant female head porters. The findings show that participants from the GAMA significantly have greater cervical screening needs (71.6% vrs 67.1%, p = 0.001) compared to those from the GKMA. Kayeyei from the GKMA significantly have greater mental health needs than those from the GAMA (84.6% vrs 79.2%, p = 0.031). Also, Kayeyei from the GKMA significantly attend post-natal care compared to those from the GAMA (99.4% vrs 96.2%, p = 0.013).
Conclusion
The findings underscore differential healthcare needs across geographical localities. Based on the findings of the study, specific healthcare needs such as ante-natal care and post-natal care should be included in any health programmes and policies that aim at addressing healthcare needs of migrant female head porters in the two metropolitan areas of Ghana.
Associations of perinatal metals and metalloid exposures with early child behavioral development over time in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Bauer Julia Anglen , Romano Megan E. , Jackson Brian , Bellinger David , Korrick Susan , Karagas Margaret R.
Published: October 2022

Background
Research on the neurodevelopmental effects of metal/metalloids has focused mainly on outcomes assessed at one time point, even though brain development progresses over time. We investigated biomarkers of perinatal exposure to metal/loids and changes in child behavior over time.
Methods
We followed 268 participants from the prospective New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study between birth and age five years. We measured arsenic (As), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) in toenails from 6-week-old infants. The Behavioral Symptoms Index (BSI), externalizing, and internalizing symptoms were assessed using the Behavior Assessment System for Children, 2nd edition (BASC-2) at ages 3 and 5 years. Multivariable linear regression was used to estimate associations of metal/loids with behavior change, calculated as the difference in symptom raw scores between 3 and 5 years, in addition to the associations for symptom scores at 3 and 5 years separately. Sex-specific associations were also explored using stratified models and a sex-metal interaction term.
Results
Adjusted associations of metal/loids and change in behavior varied by exposure and outcome. Each 1 µg/g increase in toenail Cu was associated with improved behavior between 3 and 5 years [BSI: β= -3.88 (95%CI: -7.12, -0.64); Externalizing problems: β = -2.20 (95%CI: -4.07, -0.33)]. Increasing Zn was associated with increased externalizing behavior over time (β = 3.42 (95%CI: 0.60, 6.25). Sex-stratified analyses suggested more pronounced associations among boys compared to girls.
Conclusions
Perinatal exposure to metal/loids may alter behavioral development between ages 3 and 5 years. Findings support the need for more research on associations between metal/loids and neurodevelopment over longer time periods.
Effect of food restriction on compensatory growth and enzymatic activity of freshwater prawn post larvae (M. rosenbergii), during its culture in Biofloc
Authors: Jesús Diana Pérez , Hernández-Vergara Martha Patricia , Pérez-Rostro Carlos Iván , Frías-Quintana Carlos Alfonso
Published: October 2022

During 75 days, the effect of food restriction/cyclic refeeding was evaluated on the survival, growth, and digestive enzymatic activity in hepatopancreas and intestine of post larvae (PL 20) of freshwater prawn cultured with/without biofloc. A completely randomized experimental design was used in triplicate: Three treatments were kept in clear water (C) and three with biofloc (B): C3/B3: 3 days’ restriction / refeeding; C6 / B6: 3 days’ restriction / 6 days’ feedback and their respective controls BC: control with biofloc; C: control with clear water; where the control groups received food daily. The parameters of water quality, the productive performance of the prawns, as well as proximal composition, and digestive enzyme activity in hepatopancreas and intestine were evaluated. The physicochemical variables in water were within the tolerance range for the PL´s. The survival was similar to the treatments and greater than 80%. The most efficient growth was obtained in BC, which was significantly higher than the others treatments, while the growth of the C prawns was similar to B3 and B6, which indicates that the biofloc covered the nutritional needs that allowed compensatory growth despite the temporary absence of commercial feed. Variations in enzymatic activities were observed in the hepatopancreas, where the highest enzymatic activity of the amylase, lipase, acid, and alkaline phosphatase enzymes occurred in the biofloc treatments, these enzymes being indicative of the nutrient absorption processes present in the biofloc during times of restriction of organisms, generating an adaptation advantage during times of food restriction, improving culture conditions.
Increased Visitation at Urban Water Sources by Bats and Raccoons: Implications for Cross-species Transmission of Rabies
Authors: Hastings Lias A. , Chambers Carol L. , Bergman David L. , Theimer Tad C.
Published: October 2022

We examined the potential for urban water sources to act as centers for rabies transmission from bats to mesocarnivores in the arid southwestern United States where free water is often limited. Because residential housing can act as den and roost sites for both mesocarnivores and bats, we also examined the effect of housing density on abundance. Using ultrasonic acoustic recorders to assess bat activity and camera traps to estimate mesocarnivore abundance, we compared 14 pairs of wet and dry locations over two years by surveying twice during the summer, once prior to summer monsoons and once during the monsoon season, when surface waters were more available. Number of calls for all bat species combined were greater at wet sites compared to dry sites and calls of two bat species often associated with rabies, big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus) and silver-haired bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans), were recorded more at wet sites than dry sites in the monsoon season. In both years, raccoons (Procyon lotor) were photographed more often at wet sites while striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) and gray foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) were less likely to be detected at wet sites. Bat, fox and raccoon abundance was not associated with housing density while striped skunks showed a positive correlation with housing density. Higher abundance of bats at urban waters could increase potential for cross-species transmission of rabies from bats to mesocarnivores primarily for raccoons.
Lipid from electronic cigarette smoke both with and without nicotine induced pro- inflammatory macrophage polarization and disrupted phagocytosis
Authors: Rahman Mizanur , Sompa Shanzina Iasmin , Introna Micol , Upadhyay Swapna , Ganguly Koustav , Palmberg Lena
Published: October 2022

Clinical cases and experimental evidence show that electronic cigarette (ECIG) induce serious adverse health effects but underlying mechanisms much remain to be uncovered. Based on recent exploratory evidence, investigating the effects of ECIG on macrophages can broadly define potential mechanisms by focusing on the effect of ECIG exposure with or without nicotine. Here we investigated the effect of ECIG-smoke exposure on macrophages (MQ) phenotype, inflammatory response, and function of macrophages. MQ were cultured at air liquid interface and exposed to ECIG smoke. Oxidative stress was determined by reactive oxygen species (ROS), heat shock protein 60 (HSP60), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and heme oxygenase1 (HMOX1). Lipid accumulation was ensured by lipid staining and lipid peroxidation was measured by level of malondialdehyde (MDA). MQ polarization was identified by surface expression markers CD86, CD11C and CD206 as well as pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in gene and protein level. Phagocytosis ofE. coliby MQ were investigated by fluorescence-based phagocytosis assay. ECIG smoke exposure in presence or absence of nicotine induced oxidative stress as ROS, HSP60, GPx, GPx4 and HMOX1 was upregulated in MQ. ECIG exposure induced accumulation lipids and the lipid peroxidation product MDA in MQ. Pro-inflammatory MQ (M1) markers CD86 and CD11C but not anti-inflammatory MQ (M2) marker CD206 were upregulated in response to ECIG exposure. In addition, ECIG induced pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta and IL-8 in gene level and IL-6, IL-8, and IL-1beta in protein level whereas ECIG exposure downregulated anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in protein level. Phagocytosis activity of MQ was downregulated by ECIG exposure. shRNA mediated lipid scavenger receptor CD36 silencing inhibited ECIG-induced pro-inflammatory MQ polarization and recovered phagocytic activity of MQ. ECIG exposure alter lung lipid homeostasis and thus induced inflammation by inducing M1 type MQ and impair phagocytic function, which could be a potential cause of ECIG-induced lung inflammation in healthy and inflammatory exacerbation in disease condition.
A model based on Kimura-Takemoto Classification: real-time endoscopic risk prediction for gastric cancer
Authors: Lan Yadi , Xu Qianqian , Zhao Qi , Shi Lei , Men Xiaoxiao , Zhai Tianyu , Han Bing , Sun Yujing , Liu Mingyue , Xu Hongwei
Published: October 2022

Background: The Kimura-Takemoto Classification (KTC) is widely used to assess the extent of gastric mucosal atrophy. Our study aimed to develop a real-time endoscopic gastric cancer(GC) risk predictive model based on KTC.
Methods: A total of 1825 patients who underwent endoscopy in Shandong Provincial Hospital were included from January 2020 to December 2021. The logistic regression was performed to select variables and the nomogram was constructed. The discrimination of the model was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), the calibration was detected using the calibration curve and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test, and the clinical utility was determined by decision curve analysis (DCA). Internal validation was performed with 1,000 bootstrap resamples.
Results: The model finally included age, sex, family history of GC and the KTC. The AUC exhibited well discrimination and displayed significantly better than KTC alone (AUC 0.781 vs 0.656, P<0.001). The calibration curve and Hosmer-Lemeshow test (P>0.05) showed favorable calibration of the model. The DCA showed good clinical applicability which was better than KTC alone. The population was finally classified into low risk (0-69), medium risk (70-99), and high risk (>100) according to the score of the nomogram. Compared to the low-risk population, those in medium (OR=5.10, 95% CI: 3.53-7.49, P<0.001) and high risk (OR=12.84, 95% CI: 8.39-19.85, P<0.001) had a significantly higher risk of GC.
Conclusions: The model based on KTC can effectively predict the risk of GC and perform real-time endoscopic GC risk stratification to guide biopsy and clinical management strategies.
Enterobius Vermicularis: A Cause or an Incidental Finding in Pediatric Appendicitis?
Authors: Kocaman Osman Hakan , Anadolulu Ali İhsan , Gerçel Gonca , Yol Cansu
Published: October 2022

Purpose: The role of Enterobius Vermicularis (E. vermicularis) in the etiology of acute appendicitis is controversial. We aimed to investigate the incidence of E. vermicularis in appendectomy specimens and its contribution in the pathogenesis of appendicitis.
Methods: The files of patients who had E. vermicularis in appendectomy specimens between June 2016 and June 2022 were reviewed retrospectively. The samples of patients whose appendectomy specimens showed E. vermicularis were analyzed in 3 groups according to the results of histopathological evaluation, as reactive lymphoid hyperplasia, acute appendicitis, and perforated appendicitis.
Results: The files of 1334 patients were examined and E. vermicularis was found histopathologically in 24 (1.8%) of them. Fifteen of the patients were boys, 9 were girls, and the mean age was 11.17±2.91 (min: 7 years, max: 17 years). Histopathological examination of appendectomy specimens revealed reactive lymphoid hyperplasia in 15, acute appendicitis in 6, and perforated appendicitis in 3. Only neutrophil counts were significantly different in patients with reactive lymphoid hyperplasia and acute appendicitis (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The high rate of histopathologically reactive lymph nodes in appendectomy specimens with E. vermicularis suggests that this parasite was found incidentally in the appendix. Differentiating enterobiosis from true appendicitis may prevent unnecessary appendectomies.