bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Iran-US relations; The Middle East issues
Authors: Ustiashvili, Samin
Published: October 2021

Iran-US relations have historically been of particular importance to both sides. The ups and downs of this relationship and its causes and factors have always been considered by international relations researchers and thinkers, including the two countries' experts. This article aims to examine Israel's role in perpetuating the strained relations between Iran and the United States. The continuing turmoil and the severance of official relations between Iran and the United States, given the historical background of relations between the two countries, the existence of shared regional interests, along with the opportunities to repair and improve relations, raises the question of international relations researchers why relations between the two countries are still strained as Iran enters the fourth decade of its revolution. What are the leading causes and factors of the continuation of the strained relations between the two countries? In response to various hypotheses, the author cites a drastic change in the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran towards Israel - compared to the pre-revolutionary period - the main factor in the continuation of hostility between the two countries and Iran's opposition to Israel. Therefore, considering the opposition to the Middle East peace process as the main factor of the current situation, it has tried to confirm the mentioned hypothesis by presenting evidence and analyzing documents. This article has been written with a genealogical (historical-analytical) approach and has a review nature. To attain the specifications of this research, a descriptive methodology will be used. The advantages presented by this method include enabling the collection of a significant amount of data at once. The scientific findings of this study indicate the undeniable effect of the Israeli variable on Iran-US relations.
Thermal Characterization of Resin Concrete Elaborate By Infusion
Authors: Hawachi Ilhem , Sammouda H.
Published: October 2021

This paper presents the results of numerical simulation to investigate the effect of temperature on the performance of resin concrete. Resin concrete is a composite material in which polymeric materials are used to bond the aggregates in a fashion similar to that used in the preparation of cement concrete. In this paper, at first the temperature distribution in gravel preform heated with epoxy resin injection was investigated. Furthermore, a thermo-mechanical study is presented. For this purpose, prismatic and cylindrical specimens were prepared for flexural and compressive tests, respectively, at different temperatures. The effect of heating on the thermal conductivity and elastic modulus were evaluated.

Finally, the thermal behavior of resin concrete has been compared to that of cement concrete. When exposed to high temperatures the epoxy polymer concrete shows a significant loss of strengths mainly due to the thermo-oxidative degradation of the epoxy polymer and to the debonding between aggregates and the binder. Results show that when exposed to temperatures less than 250°C the epoxy polymer concrete is still more efficient than cement based concrete.
STUDY OF THE TRIBOTECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CORROSION-RESISTANT STEELS WITH DIFFERENT MECHANISMS OF VOLUMETRIC HARDENING
Authors:   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific-Research Institute of Aviation Materials» of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Sevalnev G.S. , Sevalneva T.G. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific-Research Institute of Aviation Materials» of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Kolmakov A.G. ,   Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science. AA Baykova RAS, Dulnev K.V. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific-Research Institute of Aviation Materials» of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Krylov S.A. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific-Research Institute of Aviation Materials» of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute»
Published: October 2021

The structure, phase composition and hardness of corrosion-resistant steels with different mechanisms of volumetric hardening was studied. It was found that after hardening treatment of steel VNS9-Sh, VNS30-Sh, VNS72-Sh have approximately the same hardness with a volumetric martensite content of 50, 90 and 75 %, respectively. According to the results of tribological tests for wear under dry friction conditions, it was found that VNS9-Sh steel with the TRIP effect has the best wear resistance. VNS30-Sh steel with precipitation hardening and VNS72-Sh steel with martensite hardening have approximately the same wear resistance.
STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF NON-COVALENT MODIFIERS ON THE STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF POLYMER FILAMENTS FOR FDM-PRINTING BASED ON ABS-PLASTIC AND CARBON NANOPARTICLES
Authors:   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific-Research Institute of Aviation Materials» of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Pykhtin A.A. , Sorokin A.E. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific-Research Institute of Aviation Materials» of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Larionov S.A. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific-Research Institute of Aviation Materials» of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Lonskii S.L. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific-Research Institute of Aviation Materials» of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute»
Published: October 2021

The paper presents the results of a study of the effect of non-covalent modifiers on the structure and properties of polymer filaments for FDM-printing based on ABS-plastic and carbon nanoparticles. The dependences of the characteristics of nanocomposites and filaments based on them to the type of functionalization have been established. The effect of the concentration of CNTs on the hardness, water absorption, electrical resistance, and shear strength for modified polymer filament has been investigated. The optimal formulations and technological parameters of FDM-printing of templates have been determined.
ZIRCONIA FIBERS AS A COMPONENT OF HIGH TEMPERATURE THERMAL INSULATION (review)
Authors:   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific-Research Institute of Aviation Materials» of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Babashov V.G. , Varrik N.M. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific-Research Institute of Aviation Materials» of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute»
Published: October 2021

Based on the analysis of recent publications of scientific and technical literature, data on the production of zirconium oxide fibers used for the manufacture of high-temperature thermal insulation materials are presented. Information is provided on various methods of obtaining zirconium oxide fibers (methods of impregnation of the template and molding of the mixture, sol-gel method of spinning a fiber-forming precursor solution), as well as on the technique of fiber molding (manual pulling, dry and wet spinning, blowing and electrospinning). The use of such fibers for the production of thermal insulation materials (felts, cords and blocks) instead of currently existing materials made of aluminum oxide-based fibers can significantly increase the operating temperatures of the thermal protection systems.
INFLUENCE OF PHASE STRUCTURE POLYMERIC FILMFORMER ON PHYSICAL MECHANICAL AND WATER RESISTANT PROPERTIES OF COATINGS
Authors:   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific-Research Institute of Aviation Materials» of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Kuznetsova V.A. , Kurshev E.V. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific-Research Institute of Aviation Materials» of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Silaeva A.A. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific-Research Institute of Aviation Materials» of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Marchenko S.A. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific-Research Institute of Aviation Materials» of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute»
Published: October 2021

The phase structure, adhesion and physical mechanical properties, water resistance of varnish coatings on the basis of the modified and not modified epoxy filmformers, with organic silicon ammine «AСOT-2» and low-molecular «ПO-200» polyamide as curing agents. It is established that the process of structurization of unfilled epoxy compositions depends on each component of polymeric system. The received results of determination of adhesion, physical mechanical properties, water resistance correlate with results of researches of phase structure of the coatings received on the basis of modified and not modified epoxy compositions, with organic silicon ammine «AСOT-2» and low-molecular «ПO-200» polyamide as curing agents.
IMPROVING THE CORROSION RESISTANCE OF RЕM–Fe–B MAGNETS
Authors:   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific-Research Institute of Aviation Materials» of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Gorlov D.S. , Cherednichenko I.V. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific-Research Institute of Aviation Materials» of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Valeev R.A. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific-Research Institute of Aviation Materials» of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Chesnokov D.V. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific-Research Institute of Aviation Materials» of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute»
Published: October 2021

The article presents the results of work on improving the corrosion resistance of magnets of the REM–Fe–B system manufactured in China, by applying an ion-plasma coating of the SDP-1T + VSDP-13 system on an industrial vacuum-arc installation MAP-3. A comparative assessment of the tread protection of the vacuum-arc coating of the SP-1T + VSP-13 system was carried out with an already applied Ni–Cu–Ni coating under conditions of accelerated cyclic corrosion tests at a temperature of 300 °C. The coating of the SDP-1T + VSDP-13 system, applied in the FSUE «VIAM», creates a much more resistant protection of the magnets of the REM–Fe–B system from corrosion compared to the electroplating of the Ni–Cu–Ni system, manufactured in China.
Potential use of Essential Oils from Cameroonian Plants for the Control of the Red Flour Weevil (Tribolium castaneum (Herbst.) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
Authors:   Catholic University of Louvain, Kouninki Habiba , Ngamo L.S.T ,   University of Ngaoundere, Hance T ,   Catholic University of Louvain, Ngassoum M.B ,   University of Ngaoundere
Published: October 2021

Animal feed is food constituted for breeding stock animals because it possesses vital nutrients for animal growth. Animal feed or their ingredients as constituted by cereal flour and are stored after formulation for ulterior breeds. These provender or cereal grains used are commonly attacked by storage insects principally of the genus Tribolium . Firstly, contact and ingestion test by two essential oils of aromatics plants Ocimum gratissimum L (Lamiaceae) and Xylopia aethiopica Dunal A. Rich (Annonaceae) were done firstly on adults and aged larvae of Tribolium castaneun . Secondly, the contact and inhalation test by three essential oils of the aromatic plants Annona senegalensis L. (Annonaceae), Lippia rugosa L. (Lamiaceae) and Hyptis spicigera Lam. (Verbenaceae) were done for the control larvae, young and aged adults of the red flour weevil Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera : Tenebrionidae) very resistant pest to chemical pesticides. Essential oils of Ocimum gratissimum and Xylopia aethiopica have no contact and ingestion effect on adults of Tribolium castaneum ; their insecticidal activity is characterized mostly by their inhibition of the nymphosis of aged larvae of the same species. On the other hand contact and inhalation tests with crude essential oils of Lippia rugosa and Hyptis spicigera are the most promising because of their efficacy on the other life stages. They are more efficient, with 100% mortality, on larvae at early stages and young adults. On resistant aged larvae and adults, the insecticidal efficacy decreases but remains significant. Since this insect, Tribolium castaneum is the major pest of stored flours and provender, the incorporation of these promising essential oils in flours or in storage formulations of these foods for animals could contribute to their better cereal food conservation. The important and indispensable element of cereals for storage, growth and reproduction animal feed could be preserved from insects attack by use of natural product and may contribute to diminish toxicity of feeder, environmental pollution and the resistance phenomenon of insects.
An Evaluation of Milk Quality in Uganda: Value Chain Assessment and Recommendations
Authors:   Makerere University, Grimaud Patrice , Sserunjogi M L ,   Makerere University, Grillet N ,   Cirad-ES, Campus de Baillarguet
Published: October 2021

The sanitary quality of raw milk is an important issue in Uganda for social, economical and healthy reasons. A survey on milk quality was carried out in Mbarara major milk producing region in Uganda, between June and August 2004. The milk production system described in this paper has largely remained unchanged up to now. Milk quality was analysed at six stages of the commodity chain: farm, bicycle collector at the farm level, pick-up collecting centre, milk collecting centre, urban cooler, and vendor in Kampala city at th e urban cooler level. Milk quality was evaluated using platform tests (Clot on boiling (COB), Alcohol test, milk temperature and density) and microbiological tests (total plate count, total and faecal coliforms, Escherichia coli count). Approximately half of the total coliform count was attributed to fecal coliforms including E. coli . This indicates great possibility of the occurrence of enteric pathogens in milk. This is partly confirmed by the large count of E . coli . The bacteria load reached very high levels close to 2 x 10 6 colony forming units per millilitre (cfu/mL) at the farm level, and these levels increased 150-fold during transportation to Kampala. An analysis of the raw milk marketed through the informal sub sector in Uganda, revealed two main issues: (i) poor hygiene conditions from the production location all the way to the consumer; (ii) lack of an efficient preservation system to limit bacteria proliferation during transportation to Kampala. Milk was overheated at the urban informal milk heat processing units but rendered free from bacteria. However, storage of such treated milk over several days makes this process potentially more dangerous than beneficial since post processing contamination of a sterile substratum could lead to rapid proliferation of microorganisms. Milk quality across the value chain could be improved through: (i) changing milking practice s to ensure better hygienic conditions; (ii) improvement of milk handling and storage conditions maintaining the cold chain. This study presents baseline information for developing a technical and scientific basis for milk quality improvement in Uganda.
Outbreaks of Aflatoxicoses in India
Authors:   Osmania University, Reddy Bhumi N , Raghavender Chinnam R
Published: October 2021

Mycotoxins particularly aflatoxins are gaining increasing importance due to their deleterious effects on human and animal health and also due to ubiquitous presence of aflatoxigenic fungi in all the agricultural commodities under field and storage conditions. In general, aflatoxins occur more frequently in tropical countries because of high temperature, moisture, unseasonal rains and flash floods. Poor harvesting practices, improper storage and less than optimal conditions during transport and marketing can also contribute to mycotoxin production. Chronic health risks are particularly prevalent in India where the diets of people are highly prone to aflatoxigenic fungi and aflatoxins. The present paper reviews the disease outbreaks of aflatoxicoses in India due to the ingestion of contaminated food and feed with aflatoxins. One of the first outbreaks of aflatoxicosis was reported from western India during 1974 with 106 deaths of indigenous people whose staple food was maize. This is perhaps the first report directly incriminating aflatoxin in food as a human health hazard at the indigenous community level. An independent study of the same outbreak was carried out subsequently also indicated that the aflatoxins were the major cause of the outbreak. Indian childhood cirrhosis, a clinical condition mainly confined to the Indian subcontinent has been attributed to aflatoxin contamination. They also found a correlation between aflatoxin contamination and fungal load on the one hand and hepatomegaly in children on the other in south Canara district of Karnataka. Another outbreak of toxic hepatitis affecting both humans and dogs was reported in India during 1974. Heavy mortality in chicks in Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh was reported in 1982 due to aflatoxicosis. Another outbreak of aflatoxicosis in commercial poultry farms was also reported in the same district with hundred percent mortality. A case of aflatoxicosis in Murrah buffaloes from Andhra Pradesh was also reported. Occurrence of aflatoxicosis in poultry in Mysore state was first recognized in 1966 where 2219 chicks died in one week. Subsequently, several sporadic incidences were found in various poultry farms in Karnataka. Most of the outbreaks of aflatoxicoses described here are a consequence of ingestion of food that is contaminated with aflatoxins. Disease outbreaks due to aflatoxins continue to be problems of significant public health concern in India as long as people will consume contaminated food. The strict control of food quality is therefore necessary to avoid such incidences.
Salt iodization and iodine status among infants and lactating mothers in Papua New Guinea
Authors:   University of Papua New Guinea, Temple Victor , Oge R , I Daphne , JD Vince , P Ripa , Delange F ,   Avenue de la Fauconnerie, Eastman CJ ,   Westmead Hospital
Published: October 2021

Universal salt iodization is the most effective and sustainable intervention strategy for the prevention, control, and elimination of iodine deficiency. This cross-sectional study assessed the per capita consumption and availability of adequately iodised salt in households, and the iodine status of infants 7 - 120 days old and their lactating mothers in the National Capital District, Papua New Guinea. Salt samples were obtained from households selected by simple random sampling. The mean daily per capita consumption of salt was 5.6 ± 1.5g. The mean iodine content in salt from households and trade-stores was 33.38 ± 18.04ppm and 44.20 ± 12.10ppm, respectively. Adequately iodised salt was available in 94.48% of households and in 100% of trade-stores. The calculated mean daily per capita discretionary intake of iodine was 186.93ug, which is below the 250ug recommended for lactating mothers. Casual urine samples selected by simple random sampling were used to determine the iodine status of infants and mothers. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was estimated by Sandell-Kolthoff reaction. Mean age of infants was 46.9 ± 28.2 days (95% confidence-interval 41.3 – 52.5 days). Median UIC of infants and of their lactating mothers was 253.5ug/L (interquartile-range 165.3 – 363.0ug/L) and 124.5ug/L (interquartile-range 93.0 – 161.0ug/L), respectively, indicating that iodine deficiency is not of public health significance among infants and lactating mothers. Eighty percent of the infants were exclusively breast-fed and 20% were mixed-fed. The median UIC for the exclusively breast-fed and mixed-fed infants was 251.0ug/L (interquartile-range 177.0 – 338.6ug/L), and 290.0ug/L (interquartile-range 147.1 – 425.5ug/L), respectively, indicating optimal status of iodine nutrition. The UIC of exclusively breast-fed infants was significantly (P < 0.001) higher than the UIC of their mothers. Spearman’s correlation test showed weak non-significant linear relationship (r = 0.118, P = 0.297) between UIC of the exclusively breastfed-infants and their mothers. Despite success in the implementation of the universal salt iodization strategy in the National Capital District, mild to moderate status of iodine nutrition was prevalent in 33.8% of the exclusively breastfeeding-mothers, although their exclusively breastfed-infants were nourished with iodine. There is, therefore, a need to advocate strongly for increased dietary intake of iodine by lactating mothers. The findings strongly indicate the urgent need for an efficient, sustainable, and functional monitoring system to strengthen and improve on the achievements of the universal salt iodization strategy in National Capital District.
METHODS FOR QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF TOTAL FLAVONOIDS IN QUERCUS ROBUR L. BUDS
Authors: Ryabov N. A. , Ryzhov V. M. , Kurkin V. A.
Published: October 2021

Currently, the actual task of modern pharmacy is to study the chemical composition and pharmacological properties of plant objects. Within the framework of this concept, it seems interesting to study Quercus robur L. buds. One of the promising groups of biologically active compounds of Quercus robur L. buds are flavonoids. This group of substances has a wide range of a pharmacological activity, which is significant in the creation of new medicines based on medicinal plant raw materials.

The aim of the article was to work out methods for quantitative determination of total flavonoids in Quercus robur l. buds.

Materials and methods. The research materials were aqueous-alcoholic extracts from Quercus robur L. buds with 70% ethyl alcohol which were analyzed by differential UV spectrophotometry on spectrophotometer “SF 2000” (Russia).

Results. The methods for quantitative determination of total flavonoids in Quercus robur L. buds by differential UV spectrophotometry, has been developed using a standard sample of cynaroside at the analytical wavelength of 400 nm. The optimum parameters for the extraction of total flavonoids from Quercus robur L. buds have been determined. They are: the optimum extractant is 70% ethyl alcohol; the “raw material-extractant” ratio is 1:50; the extraction time is 120 min, the degree of atomization is 2 mm.

The content of total flavonoids for Quercus robur L. buds has been determined; it varies from 0.27%±0.01 to 0.44%±0.02. These results make possible to recommend the content of total flavonoids for this type of raw materials not less than 0.25% as a lower limit.

Conclusion. The data obtained in the course of the experiment, makes it possible to conclude that a further study of Quercus robur L. buds is promising, and it also contributes to the implementation of medicinal plant raw materials “Quercus robur L. buds” in the State Pharmacopoeia (Russia).
Heutagogy as a theory of self-education and personality development: assessment by masters’ and doctoral students
Authors:   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Mynbayeva A.K. , Assilbek N.A.
Published: October 2021

Researched is the new in theory of education, i.e. heutagogy as a theory of self-education in a digital and knowledge society complements classical pedagogy and andragogy. Heutagogy is becoming one of the sciences of distance education. How do students of postgraduate education-master and PhD courses assess their potential for self-development and the foundations of heutagogics? The purpose of the article is to analyze and generalize the foundations of heutagogy as a theory of self-determination and self-education in the digital era, as well as to assess the principles of heutagogy by Kazakhstani master and doctoral students for their further self-development. In the article the continuity of the development of “Pedagogy – Andragogy – Heutagogy” (PAH) is reflected, the principle of PAH-continuum is substantiated, the strengths and weaknesses of the use of heutagogics in education are identified. Since a synergetic approach is more studied and applied in the domestic tradition, it can enrich the heutagogic foundations of modern education. In the practical part of the study, a questionnaire survey of 125 master’s and doctoral students of Kazakhstan was carried out in the 2020/2021 academic year. According to the self-assessment of the respondents, 78.4% of students are constantly engaged in self-development, and 20% — are unsystematic. Most of the students in the sample approve of the four principles of heutagogy, but some undergraduates and doctoral students dispute or suggest improving them. Thanks to the application of the heutagogic approach, a person can increase his intellectual potential throughout his life.
Healthy lifestyle: students’ position
Authors:   Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University n.a. K.D. Ushinsky, Guzhovа P.A.
Published: October 2021

Analyzes are factors that negatively affect the health (physical, mental, moral, social, etc.) of students. The author conducted a study in the leading universities of the Yaroslavl region. It was found that the majority of students have superficial ideas about a healthy lifestyle, which does not allow them to adhere to its principles. It has been proven that girls pay more attention to their health. Regardless of gender characteristics, distance learning led many students to a violation of the diet, sleep, and a sharp decrease in physical activity. Despite the fact that when polling to identify terminal values (life values), almost all respondents put health first, students are dominated by an irresponsible attitude towards their health. Students from families who belong to high resource groups (parents have a higher education, high position, wealthy, etc.), self-preservation behavior is more developed than students who belong to low resource groups (low level of parental education, lack of regular income etc.). It was found that students from families who belong to low-resource groups are characterized by self-destructive behavior (smoking, drug use, alcohol, etc.) to a greater extent than students from families who belong to high-resource and medium-resource groups. The study showed that the management of universities pays considerable attention to the complex development of the physical and mental qualities of students, taking into account their interests in certain sports and systems of physical training. Measures are proposed to increase the interest of young people in physical improvement, to reveal the value of a responsible attitude to their health.
Distance learning for students to Latin
Authors:   Saratov State Agrarian University n.a. N.I. Vavilov, Romanova O.V. , Kapichnikov A.I. , Solotova N.V. , Ivanova L.M. , Kapichnikova O.B. ,   Saratov National Research University n.a. N.G. Chernyshevsky
Published: October 2021

Presented are features of the preparation of foreign students in the conditions of distance learning. It was taken into account that the economy, education, medicine, politics were filled with new content and technology of implementation, and at the same time there was a tendency of global competition between different countries. New trends in world development have increased the importance of a person’s intellectual resource. The article considers the formation of a new paradigm of the educational process in universities and changes in both the content and the technological component of the training process of future bachelors, masters and postgraduates in universities. The importance of introducing innovations in the educational process, including in the training of foreign students, was taken into account. Innovative changes in the educational sphere in the context of globalization, the impact of the pandemic on this process are considered. The experience of such training at the Saratov Agrarian University is analyzed. The forms of international cooperation in the conditions of this university are considered. The stages, forms and methods of distance learning of the Latin language for foreign students at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Food and Biotechnology are presented. The relevance of the problem has contributed to the fact that the question of the use of innovations, the features of distance education has found wide distribution in the modern theory and practice of teaching. In a number of universities of our country, a scientific direction related to the organization of international cooperation and the training of foreign students has become widespread. The theoretical significance of the proposed article is to reveal the features of distance learning of foreign students in the conditions of the university. The practical significance lies in the disclosure of the teaching methods of these students, in particular on the material of the Latin language.
Experimental work for forming of project competence of future teachers under conditions of University
Authors:   Surgut State University, Muller O.Yu.
Published: October 2021

Substantiated is implementation’s effectiveness of the pedagogical conditions of the model of the formation of project competence of future teachers in a university environment. As designated pedagogical conditions are named and described: organization of training in cooperation; introduction of an additional course «Learning to work on a project» into the educational process; the use of the project method as a form of independent work of students in the study of various disciplines of the curriculum. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that pedagogical conditions have been developed and substantiated, contributing to the effective formation of the project competence of future teachers in the conditions of a university. The theoretical and practical significance of the study lies in the fact that the revealed pedagogical conditions lead to the effective formation of the project competence of future teachers in the conditions of a university. The developed additional course can be applied in the practice of teaching universities in order to improve the quality of professional training of future teachers. The experimental base of the study was the budgetary institution of higher education “Surgut State University”. The methods used in the research: generalization, analysis and synthesis of information, comparison, analysis of educational and project activities of students.
Labor market under conditions of Coronavirus infection (based on example of the Volga Federal District)
Authors:   Volga State University of Technology, Nizova L.M. , Isaeva V.V.
Published: October 2021

On the basis of comparative monitoring of the state of the labor market in the republics and regions of the Volga Federal District, the main criteria for employment and unemployment during the period of coronavirus infection COVID-19 are summarized. The general indicators for the regions during this period are the level of economic development, demographic situation, the share of labor migration, the number of labor force, the level of wages, and others. Measures to mitigate the situation on the labor market include: state support for enterprises implementing investment projects, stimulating employers to develop production and create jobs in all spheres of the economy, provision of social assistance to unemployed citizens on the basis of a social contract, assistance in finding a job, development of the national project “Small and Medium Business and Support for Individual Entrepreneurial Initiatives”, vocational training and additional vocational education, decrease in informal employment, widespread use of active policy measures in the labor market and others. This will make it possible to successfully implement, up to the level of 2019, such targets as an increase in the number of employed citizens, a decrease in the number of unemployed citizens and, on this basis, an increase in the number of employed citizens.
Construction of a model of evolution of objects of small-sized fraction of space debris formed as a result of destruction
Authors: Borovin Gennady Konstantinovich , Zakhvatkin Mikhail Vitalyevich , Stepaniants Victor Arkadievich , Usovik Igor Vyacheslavovich
Published: October 2021

The paper proposes a approach for constructing a statistical model for the distribution of a small-sized fraction of space debris in near-earth space, based on a particular model of the evolution of objects of a small-sized fraction of space debris. An algorithm for predicting the evolution of objects of small-sized fraction of space debris formed as a result of the destruction of the parent space object over a long time interval is described, as well as a system of equations in variations for mass calculations and statistical estimates of the parameters of the distribution of space debris in near-earth space. At a time interval of 10 years, calculations were carried out to obtain a common understanding of the evolution and lifetime of fragments of space debris ranging in size from 0.01 to 1 mm in the orbits of real groups and individual spacecraft. The time of existence of objects of small-sized fraction of space debris of the specified sizes depending on the parameters of the orbit and the value of their area-to-mass ratio is determined.
Evaluation of tubal patency using hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography (HyCoSy) following salpingostomy and medical treatment of tubal pregnancy
Authors:   Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt, El-Shabrawy Aml , Elsheikh Ahmed ,   Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt, Gebreel Samy ,   Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt, Elsokkary Mohammed ,   Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt, Fekry Hesham ,   Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt, Elsadek Ahmed ,   Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt, Awad Awad ,   Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt, El-Ghazaly Tamer ,   Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
Published: October 2021

Objective. Ectopic pregnancy adversely affects the patency of the fallopian tube and consequently the future pregnancy. There are different options of conservative treatment of tubal pregnancy such as methotrexate and salpingostomy [1]. There is little information on the success rate of maintaining tubal patency after methotrexate and salpingostomy [2]. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the ipsilateral tubal patency using HyCoSy after treatment of tubal pregnancy with methotrexate therapy versus salpingostomy. Patients and methods. This was a case-series study conducted in Ain Shams and Al-Azhar University Maternity Hospitals to evaluate the ipsilateral tubal patency using hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography (HyC0Sy) following salpingostomy and medical treatment of tubal pregnancy. This study included patients who were admitted to Ain Shams and Al-Azhar University Maternity Hospitals for having tubal pregnancy and were treated either with methotrexate or salpingostomy over a 4-year period between January 2017 and December 2020. The patients seeking fertility were re-evaluated for fallopian tubes patency by hysterosalpingogram 3 months after discharge. The study included 2 groups of women: group I (n = 200): women who were treated with methotrexate, and group II (n = 140): women who underwent salpingostomy. Results. HSG was performed in 200 cases of patients with tubal pregnancy who were treated with methotrexate and 140 cases of patients who underwent salpingostomy. The patency of the ipsilateral tube was 85% after methotrexate treatment and 84.2% after salpingostomy. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion. The findings suggest similar success rate in maintaining the patency of the fallopian tube with either methotrexate or salpingostomy. Key words: ectopic pregnancy, hysterosalpingography, methotrexate, infertility, salpingostomy
Oxidative stress and fertility. Nature, diagnosis, and treatment
Authors:   Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation, Samoilova Yu.G. , Matveeva M.V. ,   Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation, Petrov I.A. ,   Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation, Mitselya E.V. ,   Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation, Kudlay D.A. ,   National Research Center “Institute of Immunology”, Moscow, Russian Federation,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Gaifulina Zh.F. ,   Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
Published: October 2021

Several pathological and physiological processes in the body are accompanied by oxidative stress. At present, the data from many research studies on markers of the oxidant-antioxidant system status are known. In turn, the incidence of infertility in married couples is progressively increasing. Methods to overcome infertility are improved every year, and the reduction of oxidative stress levels is a promising new direction in this regard. The results of many studies indicate the influence of oxidantantioxidant imbalance on the results of assisted reproductive technologies, as well as their connection with various forms of infertility. Data from recent studies on the effect of oxidative stress on infertility in women are presented. Key words: infertility, oxidative stress, antioxidants, follicular fluid, assisted reproductive technologies, free radicals
Cytological features of crypt involvement by cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
Authors:   N.A.Semashko Serpukhov City Hospital, Serpukhov, Russian Federation, Zakharova N.M. , Vetchinnikova O.N. ,   M.F.Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation, Zulkarnaev A.B. ,   M.F.Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: October 2021

Objective. To determine the cytological criteria of crypt lesion by cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Patients and methods. The retrospective cohort study included 76 women who underwent a comprehensive medical evaluation after screening tests: cervical cytology test, colposcopy, biopsy and histological examination of the cervix, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for human papillomavirus (HPV). Cytological material was obtained using an endocervical brush (Cytobrush); it was stained by the Pappenheim method and examined by light microscopy; the Bethesda system was used. Results. Cytological examination of the cervical smears (cervical ectopy and endocervix) in 59 (78%) women revealed squamous epithelial cells with features typical for dysplasia of different severity: mild – LSIL (low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions) and severe – HSIL (high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion). Smears of 31 (53%) women also showed cylindrical (glandular) epithelial cells with signs of pronounced proliferation: 2 (9.5%) with LSIL and 29 (76.3%) with HSIL. Histological examination of the cervix in all 59 women revealed dysplasia of varying severity. Features of endocervical crypt involvement were detected in 28 women: 1 (4.8%) with LSIL and 27 (71.1%) with HSIL. The sensitivity and specificity of cytological diagnosis of cervical crypt involvement in LSIL were 100 and 95%, in HSIL – 87 and 67%, respectively. Conclusion. The cytological feature of crypt involvement by CIN is the presence in cervical mucus smears of clusters and papillary structures of proliferating, immature cylindrical epithelial cells, partially with cellular and nuclear polymorphism. Key words: crypts, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, cytological examination
Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome and pre-eclampsia: cause or effect?
Authors:   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Korotchaeva Yu.V. , Kozlovskaya N.L. ,   Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation, Shifman E.M. ,   M.F.Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation, Guryeva V.M. ,   Moscow Regional Research Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Moscow, Russian Federation, Apresyan S.V. ,   A.K.Eramishantsev City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russian Federation,   Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: October 2021

Objective. To study the risk factors for transformation of pre-eclampsia (PE) into atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS). Patients and methods. The study included 102 patients with PE, who were divided into two groups. The main group consisted of 59 women with PE and aHUS in the early postpartum period. In the comparison group, there were 43 patients who previously had severe PE, which was not complicated by the development of aHUS. Results. The complications associated with severe PE such as hemorrhage (76.3% vs 48.8%, p = 0.004), placental abruption (33.9% vs 6.9%, p = 0.001), and intrauterine fetal demise (32.2% vs 6.9%, p = 0.002) were significantly more frequent in patients with aHUS compared with the control group. Most of these complications occurred in patients in whom PE lasted more than one week. Also, patients with aHUS had significantly more severe microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (hemoglobin 61.0 [52.5; 73.5] g/L vs 88.0 [73.0; 104.0] g/L, p < 0.001, lactate dehydrogenase 2846.0 [1340.5; 5037.5] IU/L vs 801.0 [497.0; 1269.0] IU/L, p < 0.001), thrombocytopenia (49.5 [31.0; 71.5] K/μL vs 67.0 [43.0; 108.0] K/μL, p = 0.002), hypercreatininemia (424.5 [281.0; 605.0] μmol/L vs 99.0 [86.0; 134.0] μmol/L, p < 0.001) and more severe multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (average number of organ failures – 3.58 vs 1.88, p < 0.001). Among patients with aHUS, complete recovery of renal function was achieved in 42 (71.2%) of 59 women, 9 (15.2%) of 59 women remained on hemodialysis, 8 (13.6%) of 59 women died. In the comparison group, all women showed positive dynamics within 72 hours after childbirth with normalization of all clinical and laboratory parameters. Conclusion. PE itself is a risk factor for the development of aHUS, and patients with severe PE should be considered at high risk for thrombotic microangiopathy. Prolongation of pregnancy in patients with PE increases the risk of developing aHUS by 5 times. Key words: pre-eclampsia, pregnancy-associated atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, pregnancy, thrombotic microangiopathy, eculizumab
Pelatihan Kegawatan Kardiovaskuler Bagi Perawat
Authors: Prabowo Nurhasan Agung , Myrtha Risalina , Apriningsih Hendrastutik , Ardyanto Tonang Dwi , Indriani Astri Tantri , Dyanneza Frieska , Aryani Kuncorowati Niken Dyah , Haryanto Andri , Hanafi Muchtar , Farida Yeni , Shofiyah Laily
Published: October 2021

Pendahuluan: Keadaan darurat bisa terjadi pada siapa saja, di mana saja, kapan saja. Dalam situasi ini, tenaga medis harus siap untuk bertindak dalam kekuasaan mereka. Perawat adalah profesional medis yang bertanggung jawab untuk perawatan pasien darurat. Sebuah survei tahun 2019 di lapangan menemukan bahwa sebagian besar perawat tidak memahami keadaan darurat kardiovaskular. Masalah terbesar yang dihadapi PPNI setelah dikoordinasikan sebagai ketua tim PPNI RS UNS adalah pengetahuannya tentang pembacaan EKG perawat terbatas, perawat tidak mengetahui kondisi kegawatan jantung dan pelatihan pertolongan pertama kegawatan jantung jarang ditemui, dan tidak ada pedoman khusus kegawatan kardiovaskuler pada perawat. Tujuan pengabdian ini adalah meningkatkan pengetahuan kegawatan kardiovaskuler pada perawat PPNI RS UNS

Metode: Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat yang dilakukan ini meliputi pelatihan secara daring pada hari Kamis 16 April 202 di RS UNS, selain itu juga pembuatan buku Panduan membaca EKG bagi perawat dan leaflet cara membaca EKG bagi perawat.

Hasil: Terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan perawat terhadap EKG dengan peningkatan nilai pretes 55,5 menjadi 72,5 dengan skala 100.

Kesimpulan: Pelatihan kegawatan kardiovaskuler pada perawat meningkatkan pengetahuan perawat mengenai kegawatan kardiovaskuler
Actualización de la distribución e historia natural de Plecturocebus caquetensis (Mammalia: Pitheciidae) en Colombia
Authors: Villota Johana , Delgado-Bermeo Gerlando , Ruiz Alexis , García-Villalba Javier E. , Ramírez-Chaves Héctor E.
Published: October 2021

El tití del Caquetá, Plecturocebus caquetensis (Primates: Pitheciidae) es endémico del piedemonte Amazónico en los departamentos del Caquetá y Cauca, Colombia. Por ser una especie descrita recientemente, la información sobre su distribución e historia natural es aún limitada. Se actualiza la distribución y se presentan observaciones ad libitum sobre su historia natural e interacciones ecológicas en el departamento del Cauca. Se obtuvieron 129 registros de presencia para los departamentos de Caquetá (n=75) y Cauca (n=54), de los cuales 51 y 31, respectivamente, son nuevos para cada departamento. El área de ocupación (AOO) y la extensión de presencia (EOO) fueron de 196 km2 y 3741 km2, respectivamente. Plecturocebus caquetensis fue observada predominantemente en bordes de bosque secundario estacionalmente inundables con presencia de guadua (Guadua sp.). Las actividades diurnas incluyeron vocalizaciones, descanso, juego y alimentación. Las interacciones ecológicas con aves, reptiles y mamíferos incluyeron eventos de depredación de los titíes por parte de boas y aves. Otras actividades incluyeron el consumo de guadua y el uso de árboles del género Vochysia como dormideros. Se recomienda la exploración de la especie en el área protegida Serranía de los Churumbelos Auka-Wasi y la definición de planes de conservación con comunidades locales.
Probiotics or Synbiotics Addition in Bama Mini-pigs’ Diets Improves Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, and Meat Quality by Altering Plasma Metabolites and Related Gene Expression of Offspring Pigs
Authors: Zhu Qian , Song Mingtong , Azad Md. Abul Kalam , Ma Cui , Yin Yulong , Kong Xiangfeng
Published: October 2021

Background: The present study evaluated the effects of maternal probiotics or synbiotics addition on growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality, plasma metabolites, and related gene expression of their offspring pigs. Methods: A total of 64 Bama mini-pigs were used and randomly divided into the control, antibiotic, probiotics, or synbiotics groups, and fed experimental diets during pregnancy and lactation. After weaning, two piglets per litter and eight piglets per group were selected and fed a basal diet. At 65-, 95-, and 125-day-old, eight pigs per group were selected for analysis. Results: The results showed that probiotics addition increased the ADFI of pigs during the 66-95 day-old and the backfat thickness at 65- and 125-day-old, whereas synbiotics addition increased backfat thickness and decreased muscle percentage and loin-eye area at 125-day-old. In meat quality, probiotics or synbiotics addition increased cooking yield, pH 45min , and meat color, while decreased drip loss and shear force at different stages. However, maternal antibiotic addition showed an increased shear force at 125-day-old. Dietary probiotics or synbiotics addition in sow diets increased several amino acids (AA) contents in the plasma and longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle, including total AA (TAA), His, Met, Asp, Arg, and Leu, while decreased Gly, Pro, Ile, α-AAA, α-ABA, β-Ala, and γ-ABA at different stages. In the LT muscle fatty acid (FA) analysis, the contents of saturated FA (SFA; including C16:0, C17:0, and C20:0) and C18:1n9t were decreased, and the contents of C18:2n6c, MUFA (C16:1 and C20:1) and UFA were increased in the probiotics group, while the contents of SFA (C10:0, C12:0, and C14:0 at 65-day-old) were increased and the contents of C20:1 and C18:1n9t were decreased in the synbiotics group. Plasma biochemical analysis revealed that maternal probiotics or synbiotics addition decreased plasma AMM, UN, and GLU, while synbiotics addition increased plasma ALT, HDL-C, and TC at different stages. Moreover, maternal probiotics or synbiotics regulated muscle fiber-type, myogenic regulatory, and lipid metabolism-related gene expressions of offspring pigs. Conclusions: In conclusion, maternal probiotics or synbiotics addition, as a nutritional intervention strategy, improved feed intake and meat quality by altering the body's metabolism of offspring pigs and gene expressions related to meat quality.