bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tingkat Kesadaran Kepatuhan Pajak: Studi terhadap Badan Usaha Milik Desa
Authors: Putra Pasca Dwi , Zainal Andri , Ambarita Charles Fransiscus , Pratiwi Endang
Published: January 2021

Kepatuhan pajak merupakan tujuan dari pemerintah agar tercapai target pajak yang diharapkan. Dalam mencapai kepatuhan tersebut, pemerintah memberikan tarif pajak yang rendah untuk menstimulasi UMKM untuk patuh membayar hutang pajak. Pada sisi lain, pajak merupakan beban bagi UMKM dikarenakan merupakan pengeluaran kepada pemerintah yang dipotong dari pendapatan bersih sehingga wajib pajak mencari cara agar pajak yang dibayarkan rendah. Data dikumpulkan melalui penyebaran kuisioner dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan karakteristik responden baik jenis kelamin, tingkat Pendidikan, dan jenis usaha tidak menunjukkan perbedaan dalam menentukan kepatuhan wajib pajak. Disamping itu, pengetahuan mengenai regulasi perpajakan dan kesadaran dalam membayar pajak sangatlah penting dalam mencapai kepatuhan pajak dimana hasilnya menunjukkan pengaruh yang signifikan. Pada akhirnya, transparansi dan akuntabilitas penggunaan pajak merupakan informasi yang dibutuhkan dalam mencapai kepatuhan bagi BUMDes dalam meningkatkan kepatuhan membayar pajak.
A ESPACIALIZAÇÃO DO TURISMO NO ESTADO DA PARAÍBA: TENDÊNCIAS E DESAFIOS
Authors: Souza Júnior Serafim Santana , Pereira Martha Priscila Bezerra
Published: January 2021

O texto ora apresentado corresponde a uma síntese dos resultados obtidos na segunda etapa da pesquisa financiada pelo órgão do governo brasileiro Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, edital universal 14/2013) a qual se propôs a análise do conhecimento geográfico aplicado a identificação de espaços turísticos no Estado da Paraíba. Para este momento nos preocupamos em analisar a produção do espaço turístico nas regiões geográficas da Borborema e Sertão paraibano. Os procedimentos adotados pautaram-se na aplicação de questionários e preenchimento de formulários técnicos. Após a realização de sete atividades de campo os resultados apontam para contradizer a tese dos órgãos oficiais no que concerne à afirmativa de que a produção do espaço turístico no Estado da Paraíba esteja passando por um processo de interiorização.
O ESTUDO DE IMPACTO DE VIZINHAÇA (EIV) E A GESTÃO URBANA NA CIDADE: O CASO DO EIV DE UMA EMPRESA INDUSTRIAL EM LONDRINA-PR (2016-2017)
Authors: Arôxa Barbara Hayashida , Veiga Léia Aparecida
Published: January 2021

Com a promulgação da Lei Federal nº 10.257/01, tem-se o Estatuto da Cidade e dos instrumentos que nortearão as ações de planejamento e gestão urbanos. O Estudo de Impacto de Vizinhança/EIV, um importante instrumento indicado no referido estatuto, pode ser entendido como uma ferramenta que pode viabilizar a participação popular nas tomadas de decisão sobre a criação ou ampliação de empreendimentos (públicos ou privados), em termos de aspectos negativos e positivos do empreendimento para a população que vive na porção de alcance direto de determinada atividade urbana ou até mesmo na cidade como um todo.  Objetiva-se discutir o EIV elaborado por uma empresa industrial de agrotóxicos localizada na zona leste da cidade de Londrina-PR bem como todo o desenrolar da problemática no transcorrer dos anos de 2016 e 2017 e a inoperância desse instrumento urbanístico frente à ação orquestrada do grande capital. Em uma abordagem qualitativa e com pesquisa do tipo participante, utilizou-se de procedimentos primários e secundários para os levantamentos de informações. Verificou-se por meio do acompanhamento da problemática envolvendo a empresa industrial de agrotóxicos em Londrina-PR, que ações norteadas por interesses do grande capital podem fazer com que o EIV não contribua para um ordenamento do solo justo do ponto de vista territorial, assim como para a efetivação da gestão democrática e a participação popular.
CARTA DE RISCOS TECNOLÓGICOS PARA AUXILIO NO PLANEJAMENTO URBANO E PLANOS DE CONTINGÊNCIA NA CIDADE DE MARINGÁ, PR
Authors: Macedo Felipe Rodrigues , Souza Marta Luzia de
Published: January 2021

Na Agenda 2030, elaborada pela Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU), o Objetivo 11 trata sobre as cidades inclusivas, seguras, resilientes e sustentáveis. Uma das metas do objetivo é a redução do risco de desastres. Assim, a carta de riscos tecnológicos é uma ferramenta importante para o planejamento do território visando ações de prevenção, mitigação e resposta a fim de reduzir ou até evitar os desastres. Neste contexto esta pesquisa teve por objetivo realizar o mapeamento de riscos tecnológicos na cidade de Maringá, Paraná. Para isso foram utilizados, principalmente, dados secundários, a pesquisa foi desenvolvida em três etapas (I Pré-geoprocessamento; II Geoprocessamento e III Pós-geoprocessamento). A etapa I reuniu os dados existentes, na II foi a de análises dos dados obtidos e a elaboração dos documentos cartográficos e a III foi a de verificação com a realidade local. Foram utilizados dados de atividades químicas/industriais, nucleares e radiológicas, e empreendimentos de transporte. Os resultados mostraram que o mapeamento permitiu a verificação de áreas de maior risco tecnológico da cidade, sendo no setor industrial, próximo às rodovias, à ferrovia e ao aeroporto, mas, também, no centro da cidade, devido ao túnel da linha férrea. A carta de riscos tecnológicos poderá auxiliar no planejamento urbano e nos planos de contingência de acordo com as normativas internacionais e nacionais em vigência, buscando a prevenção e a mitigação de desastres tecnológicos.
PRIVAÇÃO SOCIAL COMO CONCEITO DE ANÁLISE DA POBREZA URBANA: APONTAMENTOS TEÓRICOS
Authors: Cezar Spode Pedro Leonardo , De Faria Rivaldo Mauro
Published: January 2021

Ao longo das décadas, a Geografia vem se utilizando de uma gama de conceitos para entender a pobreza e as desigualdades socioespaciais e territoriais, sobretudo nas cidades. Entretanto, muito pouco se dialogou, especialmente na Geografia Urbana, a respeito da privação social, conceito nascido na Sociologia, e utilizado em diversos campos da ciência, como Psicologia Social, Economia, Saúde Pública, entre outros. Dessa maneira, visando contribuir no aprofundamento do conceito, este texto busca estabelecer um ensaio teórico a respeito da noção de privação social, buscando uma abordagem histórica do conceito, desde sua formação na Sociologia, na metade do século XX, às definições mais recentes, dentro de diferentes enfoques teóricos e metodológicos. Nesse sentido, são definidos três períodos de desenvolvimento teórico da privação social, o primeiro se iniciando na década de 1940, com Sociólogos como Samuel Stouffer e Robert K. Merton, o segundo a partir da década de 1960, com autores como Peter Towsend e Walter G. Runciman. O terceiro momento sendo caracterizado pela difusão do conceito para análise das desigualdades em diversas disciplinas, como na Economia, na Geografia e na Saúde Pública.
DINÂMICAS NATURAIS E ATIVIDADES SOCIOECONÔMICAS NA PLANÍCIE COSTEIRA DA LAGOA DE ARARUAMA – RJ
Authors: Costa Evelyn de Castro Porto , Seabra Vinicius da Silva
Published: January 2021

O estudo dos aspectos naturais e socioeconômicos que contribuem ou condicionam a formação das paisagens são importantes inciativas, na medida em que dão subsídios à sua compreensão e gestão. Estes estudos se tornam ainda mais importantes em áreas onde as mudanças nas paisagens ocorrem de maneira muito rápida, como as que ocorrem na Região dos Lagos, no Rio de Janeiro. Sendo assim, este trabalho teve o objetivo de discutir a relação entre os principais aspectos naturais e antropogênicos formadores da paisagem na planície costeira da Lagoa de Araruama, localizada no Litoral Leste Fluminense. Temos como resultados a discussão dos aspectos relacionados à dinâmica evolutiva da faixa costeira que tiveram um papel fundamental não só para a formação das praias e lagunas que hoje atraem turistas para a região, como também criaram condições muito favoráveis para a atividade salineira que foi a principal atividade econômica desenvolvida na região no passado.
Dampak Kebijakan Bea Masuk Tindakan Pengamanan terhadap Proteksi dan Daya Saing Produk Baja Lapis Aluminium Seng
Authors: Anam Syariful , Solikin Akhmad
Published: January 2021

Safeguard measures is a  trade remedies policies regulated by World Trade Organization (WTO) to recover loss (injury) suffered by domestic industries as a result of liberalization in international trade, as an instrument to protect and increase competitiveness of domestic industries which are still at infant industry stage. In Indonssia, the steel industry sector is designated as a national priority so that its growth must be maintained. Meanwhile, the import surge phenomenon of flat-rolled products from iron or non-alloy steel has threatened the existence of domestic steel industries which produce similar commodities. The Indonesian government responded by setting the Safeguard Measures policy, with the hope that the industry would make structural adjustments during the imposition period so that its competitiveness could be increased. This study uses monthly import data from January 2012 to December 2018 to determine whether the Safeguard Measures has been effective as a protection instrument. To measure competitiveness, Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) method and Trade Specialization Index (TSI) were used. The results of this study show that the policy reduced the import of the same and similar steel products which meant it is effective as an instrument of protection. In addition, there has been an increase in competitiveness even though Indonesia is still a net importer.
Determinan Kenaikan Rasio Utang Indonesia Periode 2012-2019
Authors: Widjanarko Widjanarko
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguraikan (dekomposisi) variabel penyumbang kenaikan rasio utang terhadap Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB) Indonesia tahun 2012-2019 dengan pendekatan debt dynamic. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan model dekomposisi public debt to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) ratio yang dikembangkan International Monetary Fund/IMF (2013). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel menyumbang kenaikan rasio utang terhadap PDB, meliputi: i) keseimbangan primer negatif karena kenaikan jumlah pengadaan utang), ii) relatif tingginya tingkat bunga riil iii) pelemahan nilai tukar dan iv) Stock Flow Adjustment (SFA). Upaya meminimalisasi penurunan defisit keseimbangan primer tahun 2018 sebesar -0,01% PDBmenjadi sebesar -0.5% GDP di tahun 2019menunjukkan tekad pemerintah untuk menjaga keberlanjutan fiskal.Hal tersebut tercermin dalam relatif kecilnya peningkatan rasio utang terhadap PDB dari 29,98% tahun 2018 menjadi 30.18% PDB tahun 2019.
Inefisiensi Belanja Pemerintah Daerah di Indonesia: Pendekatan DEA dan Regresi Logit
Authors: Rambe Roosemarina Anggraini
Published: January 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengukur Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengukur (1) efisiensi relatif penggunaan belanja seluruh pemerintah daerah setiap provinsi di Sumatera, dan (2) efisiensi relatif penggunaan belanja pemerintah kabupaten/kota di provinsi di Sumatera tahun 2016.   Input yang digunakan ada dua, yaitu belanja langsung per kapita dan belanja tidak langsung per kapita. Output yang dipakai adalah IPM. Metode pengukuran efisiensi yang digunakan adalah Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), dengan output oriented model berdasarkan variable return to scale (VRS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hanya dua provinsi yang relatif efisien, yaitu Kepulauan Riau dan Bangka Belitung. Kepulauan Riau menjadi provinsi yang relatif paling efisien, sebaliknya Lampung adalah provinsi yang paling tidak efisien. Sementara itu, dalam kategori pemerintah kabupaten/kota yang efisien dalam setiap provinsi, jumlah pemerintah kabupaten/kota yang relatif efisien bervariasi, hanya berkisar 1-5 pemerintah kabupaten/kota. Agar dapat mencapai relatif efisien, pemerintah daerah yang tidak efisien seharusnya meningkatkan IPM seperti yang telah dicapai oleh peer masing-masing.
Planeación estratégica prospectiva en las organizaciones turísticas
Authors: Hernández Flores Yoan , Rodriguez González Maité , Espinosa Cuartas Miguel Ángel
Published: January 2021

A nivel internacional, desde finales del siglo XX se comenzó el estudio y construcción del futuro en las entidades de los diferentes sectores que conforman la economía de los países. Específicamente en el área de América Latina, durante los años ochenta es que se comienzan a realizar estudios de este tipo, los cuales constituirían la base de la planificación de las acciones estratégicas a desarrollar. Sin dudas, uno de los sectores más importantes y precursores de la economía en los países desde estos años ha sido el turismo. Debido a la importancia de realizar estos estudios del futuro, y a la poca referencia bibliográfica sobre estos en entidades del sector del turismo, la presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar - desde el punto de vista teórico y metodológico- los principales aportes de la prospectiva estratégica y la construcción de escenarios para las organizaciones del sector del turismo. Para ello, a través de la consulta de documentos y estudios realizados por especialistas en el tema de prospectiva y vinculando a estudios del sector del turismo, los autores elaboran un marco teórico – metodológico que sustenta el desarrollo de nuevas investigaciones a realizar dentro de las diferentes áreas que integra el turismo.
Desarrollo de la fuerza en el adulto mayor a través de la hidrogimnásia en la calidad de vida
Authors: Flores Mónica Cabezas , Carrasco Coca Orlando Rodrigo , Ochoa Sangurima Vanessa Lucia , Ríos Bayas Ruth Sayonara
Published: January 2021

La práctica de actividad física regular es una de las prioridades en salud pública como forma de prevención de enfermedades crónico-degenerativas especialmente en la Tercera Edad. Los principales beneficios evidenciados científicamente son: control del peso corporal, disminución de la grasa corporal, aumento de la masa muscular, fuerza muscular, flexibilidad y densidad ósea, aumento del volumen sistólico, ventilación pulmonar, consumo máximo de oxígeno, disminución de la frecuencia cardíaca y de la presión arterial y mejora del perfil de lípidos; existe también mejora del auto-concepto, auto-estima, imagen corporal y disminución del stress, ansiedad, insomnio, consumo de medicamentos y mejora de las funciones cognitivas y de la socialización. En esta etapa de la vida están indicadas de preferencia las actividades aeróbicas de bajo impacto, como caminar, nadar, bailar, la hidrogimnásia o bicicleta. El entrenamiento de fuerza es fundamental y puede ser prescrito con algunos cuidados inclusive en individuos hipertensos o con problemas cardiovasculares. El en entrenamiento contribuye para mejorar la fuerza muscular, para la manutención de la independencia funcional, mejora la velocidad de andar y el equilibrio, disminuye la depresión, aumenta la densidad ósea y evita las caídas. Existen algunas situaciones clínicas específicas en que el entrenamiento de fuerza muscular debe ser prioritario al entrenamiento aeróbico como en los casos de artritis severa, limitación de la movilidad articular, amputación y pacientes con problemas de locomoción. Para mantener la independencia funcional la prioridad de variables que deben ser trabajadas son: entrenamiento de la fuerza muscular, equilibrio, entrenamiento aeróbico, movimientos corporales totales.
Estratégia Saúde da Família: caracterização dos usuários com diagnóstico de Saúde Mental
Authors: Waclawovsky Aline Josiane , Schwantes Alessandra Luana , Rodrigues Ana Eliza Belizario , Einloft Fabiana , Alves Caren Fabiana , Halberstadt Bruna Marta Kleinert , Weiller Teresinha Heck
Published: January 2021

Objetivo: caracterizar os usuários com diagnóstico de saúde mental que acessam uma Estratégia Saúde da Família em um município do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Metodologia: estudo transversal e descritivo. Após a coleta de dados, procedeu-se a análise estatística descritiva. Resultados: a amostra foi composta por 266 prontuários. A média de idade dos usuários foi de 59,07 anos, sendo 80,5% do sexo feminino. A depressão foi o diagnóstico mais prevalente, seguido de transtorno de ansiedade. Predominam usuários solteiros (13,2%), 40,6% moram com familiares e/ou com o (a) companheiro (a), 38,7% tinham ensino fundamental incompleto, 77,1% faziam uso de antidepressivos e 50,4% de benzodiazepínicos, 15,4% utilizam dois antidepressivos diferentes, 1,5% dois anticonvulsivantes e 2,3% dois antipsicóticos. Conclusão: a falta de informação nos prontuários foi identificada, o que limitou a caracterização dos usuários. A depressão foi o diagnóstico mais prevalente, situação que a reforça como um importante problema de saúde pública.
Desperate times call for desperate measures: non-food ingestion by starving seabirds
Authors: Roman L , Bryan S , Bool N , Gustafson L , Townsend K
Published: January 2021

Food deprivation may decrease selectivity in food; however, (1) whether animals can cross a selectivity threshold whereby they ingest non-nutritive items ('non-food') in lieu of food (engaging in pica/lithophagia), (2) their behaviour, or (3) the implications of these behaviours are not documented. By examining carcasses of seabirds that ingested pumice of known provenance prior to death, we provide insights into whether wild animals starve because they have eaten non-food, or whether they eat non-food because they are starving. We investigated ingestion of pumice and plastic in carcasses of short-tailed shearwatersArdenna tenuirostrisfollowing a significant starvation mortality event (also known as seabird wreck), during which millions of shearwaters died along the eastern Australian coastline in 2013. We found that the stomachs of 96.5% of 172 seabirds sampled contained pumice or plastic at the time of death. We used global location sensors to track the 2013 shearwater migration and overlaid these tracks with the dispersing pumice raft from the 2012 Havre underwater volcanic eruption, Kermadec Islands, New Zealand. We determined that shearwaters in a starved state had ingested pumice 12-41 h before death, indicating that starving or food-stressed seabirds exhibit reduced prey discrimination. The provenance of the ingested plastic was not known. Ingestion of non-nutritive items has serious implications for wildlife, particularly long-lived or migrating species. Additional risk to already nutritionally compromised animals includes dietary dilution, gastric foreign body obstruction and toxicity. With a projected changing climate and increased marine pollution and over-exploitation of resources, this study has implications for the interaction of stressors, mass mortalities and exacerbation of existing threats to marine species.
Biodiversity of free-living ciliates of the Kura River basin (within Azerbaijan)
Authors: Alekperov Ilham Kh. , Tahirova Elyana N.
Published: January 2021

As a result of long therm free-living ciliates investigation of the Kura River basin, in all 308 species have been noted. The article provides information on the ciliates species diversity of 8 sample points, across the Kura River within Azerbaijan – from Georgian state border to the delta. The freshwater ciliates species diversity varies considerably depending on location and environment sample points. The greatest diversity of freshwater ciliates noted in Mingechevir and Varvara reservoirs (128 and 140 species respectively), which in our opinion, is related with a variety of biotopes in these reservoirs and an abundance of food organisms. The analysis on the occurrence of ciliates showed that the group of dominants (noted in more than 80 % of all samples) includes 10.71 % of the total species diversity, and the group of regular ones (occurrence less than 80, but more than 50 %) 13.60 % of the entire species composition, 71.47 % belong to the largest group of irregular ones (occurrence from 30 to 50 % in samples), and 4.22 % of the total species diversity to the group of random species (occurrence less than 30 % of all samples). It has been established that the largest group of irregular species is consist ciliates, confined to a certain time of the year – mainly in spring and fall. At the same time, part of this group species appeared in the communities only in the summer.
Annotated checklist of the terrestrial mollusks (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from Hispaniola Island
Authors: Espinosa J. Altagracia , Robinson David G.
Published: January 2021

The annotated checklist on the extant terrestrial mollusks from Hispaniola Island based on literature from 1758 to 2020 is here presented. We report 612 taxa distributed in three subclasses, 129 genera and 39 families. The most representative families are Annulariidae with 26 genera and 233 species, and Urocoptidae with 14 genera and 104, respectively. As more information is produced from the different families reported, these numbers can vary considerably.
Endotoxemia by Porphyromonas gingivalis Alters Endocrine Functions in Brown Adipose Tissue
Authors: Hatasa Masahiro , Ohsugi Yujin , Katagiri Sayaka , Yoshida Sumiko , Niimi Hiromi , Morita Kazuki , Tsuchiya Yosuke , Shimohira Tsuyoshi , Sasaki Naoki , Maekawa Shogo , Shiba Takahiko , Hirota Tomomitsu , Tohara Haruka , Takahashi Hirokazu , Nitta Hiroshi , Iwata Takanori
Published: January 2021

Improvement of obesity is important for increasing longevity. The characteristics, size, and function of adipocytes are altered in patients with obesity. Adipose tissue is not only an energy storage but also an endocrine organ. Alteration of endocrine activities in adipose tissue, among them the functional decline of brown adipose tissue (BAT), is associated with obesity. Periodontal disease is a risk factor for systemic diseases since endotoxemia is caused by periodontal bacteria. However, the effect of periodontal disease on obesity remains unclear. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effect of endotoxemia due to Porphyromonas gingivalis, a prominent cause of periodontal disease, on the BAT. Herein, endotoxemia was induced in 12-week-old C57BL/6J mice through intravenous injection of sonicated 108 CFU of P. gingivalis (Pg) or saline (control [Co]) once. Eighteen hours later, despite no inflammatory M1 macrophage infiltration, inflammation-related genes were upregulated exclusively in the BAT of Pg mice compared with Co mice. Although no marked histological changes were observed in adipose tissues, expressions of genes related to lipolysis, Lipe and Pnpla2 were downregulated after P. gingivalis injection in BAT. Furthermore, expression of Pparg and Adipoq was downregulated only in the BAT but not in the white adipose tissues, along with downregulation of Ucp1 and Cidea expression, which are BAT-specific markers, in Pg mice. Microarray analysis of the BAT showed 106 differentially expressed genes between Co and Pg mice. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that the cholesterol homeostasis gene set and PI3/Akt/mTOR signaling gene set in BAT were downregulated, whereas the TGF-β signaling gene set was enriched in Pg mice. Overall, intravenous injection of sonicated P. gingivalis altered the endocrine functions of the BAT in mice. This study indicates that endotoxemia by P. gingivalis potentially affects obesity by disrupting BAT function.
Activity of Tracheal Cytotoxin of Bordetella pertussis in a Human Tracheobronchial 3D Tissue Model
Authors: Kessie David K. , Lodes Nina , Oberwinkler Heike , Goldman William E. , Walles Thorsten , Steinke Maria , Gross Roy
Published: January 2021

Bordetella pertussisis a highly contagious pathogen which causes whooping cough in humans. A major pathophysiology of infection is the extrusion of ciliated cells and subsequent disruption of the respiratory mucosa. Tracheal cytotoxin (TCT) is the only virulence factor produced byB. pertussisthat has been able to recapitulate this pathology in animal models. This pathophysiology is well characterized in a hamster tracheal model, but human data are lacking due to scarcity of donor material. We assessed the impact of TCT and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the functional integrity of the human airway mucosa by usingin vitroairway mucosa models developed by co-culturing human tracheobronchial epithelial cells and human tracheobronchial fibroblasts on porcine small intestinal submucosa scaffold under airlift conditions. TCT and LPS either alone and in combination induced blebbing and necrosis of the ciliated epithelia. TCT and LPS induced loss of ciliated epithelial cells and hyper-mucus production which interfered with mucociliary clearance. In addition, the toxins had a disruptive effect on the tight junction organization, significantly reduced transepithelial electrical resistance and increased FITC-Dextran permeability after toxin incubation. In summary, the results indicate that TCT collaborates with LPS to induce the disruption of the human airway mucosa as reported for the hamster tracheal model.
The Role of Thermal Denudation in Erosion of Ice-Rich Permafrost Coasts in an Enclosed Bay (Gulf of Kruzenstern, Western Yamal, Russia)
Authors: Baranskaya Alisa , Novikova Anna , Shabanova Natalya , Belova Nataliya , Maznev Stepan , Ogorodov Stanislav , Jones Benjamin M.
Published: January 2021

Coastal erosion in the Arctic has numerous internal and external environmental drivers. Internal drivers include sediment composition, permafrost properties and exposure which contribute to its spatial variability, while changing hydrometeorological conditions act as external drivers and determine the temporal evolution of shoreline retreat. To reveal the relative role of these factors, we investigated patterns of coastal dynamics in an enclosed bay in the southwestern Kara Sea, Russia, namely the Gulf of Kruzenstern, which is protected from open-sea waves by the Sharapovy Koshki Islands. Using multitemporal satellite imagery, we calculated decadal-scale retreat rates for erosional segments of the coastal plain from 1964 to 2019. In the field, we studied and described Quaternary sediments and massive ground-ice beds outcropping in the coastal bluffs. Using data from regional hydrometeorological stations and climate reanalysis (ERA), we estimated changes in the air thawing index, sea ice-free period duration, wind-wave energy and total hydrometeorological stress for the Gulf of Kruzenstern, and compared it to Kharasavey and Marre-Sale open-sea segments north and south of the gulf to understand how the hydrometeorological forcing changes in an enclosed bay. The calculated average shoreline retreat rates along the Gulf in 1964–2010 were 0.5 ± 0.2 m yr−1; the highest erosion of up to 1.7 ± 0.2 m yr−1 was typical for segments containing outcrops of massive ground-ice beds and facing to the northwest. These retreat rates, driven by intensive thermal denudation, are comparable to long-term rates measured along open-sea sites known from literature. As a result of recent air temperature and sea ice-free period increases, average erosion rates rose to 0.9 ± 0.7 m yr−1 in 2010–2019, with extremes of up to 2.4 ± 0.7 m yr−1. The increased mean decadal-scale erosion rates were also associated with higher spatial variability in erosion patterns. Analysis of the air thawing index, wave energy potential and their total effect showed that inside the Gulf of Kruzenstern, 85% of coastal erosion is attributable to thermal denudation associated with the air thawing index, if we suppose that at open-sea locations, the input of wave energy and air thawing index is equal. Our findings highlight the importance of permafrost degradation and thermal denudation on increases in ice-rich permafrost bluff erosion in the Arctic.
Using Health Information Technology to Engage African American Women on Nutrition and Supplement Use During the Preconception Period
Authors: Gardiner Paula , Bickmore Timothy , Yinusa-Nyahkoon Leanne , Reichert Matthew , Julce Clevanne , Sidduri Nireesha , Martin-Howard Jessica , Woodhams Elisabeth , Aryan Jumana , Zhang Zhe , Fernandez Juan , Loafman Mark , Srinivasan Jayakanth , Cabral Howard , Jack Brian W.
Published: January 2021

Importance

Healthy nutrition and appropriate supplementation during preconception have important implications for the health of the mother and newborn. The best way to deliver preconception care to address health risks related to nutrition is unknown.

Methods

We conducted a secondary analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial designed to study the impact of conversational agent technology in 13 domains of preconception care among 528 non-pregnant African American and Black women. This analysis is restricted to those 480 women who reported at least one of the ten risks related to nutrition and dietary supplement use.

Interventions

An online conversational agent, called “Gabby”, assesses health risks and delivers 12 months of tailored dialogue for over 100 preconception health risks, including ten nutrition and supplement risks, using behavioral change techniques like shared decision making and motivational interviewing. The control group received a letter listing their preconception risks and encouraging them to talk to a health care provider.

Results

After 6 months, women using Gabby (a) reported progressing forward on the stage of change scale for, on average, 52.9% (SD, 35.1%) of nutrition and supplement risks compared to 42.9% (SD, 35.4) in the control group (IRR 1.22, 95% CI 1.03–1.45, P = 0.019); and (b) reported achieving the action and maintenance stage of change for, on average, 52.8% (SD 37.1) of the nutrition and supplement risks compared to 42.8% (SD, 37.9) in the control group (IRR 1.26, 96% CI 1.08–1.48, P = 0.004). For subjects beginning the study at the contemplation stage of change, intervention subjects reported progressing forward on the stage of change scale for 75.0% (SD, 36.3%) of their health risks compared to 52.1% (SD, 47.1%) in the control group (P = 0.006).

Conclusion

The scalability of Gabby has the potential to improve women’s nutritional health as an adjunct to clinical care or at the population health level. Further studies are needed to determine if improving nutrition and supplement risks can impact clinical outcomes including optimization of weight.

Clinical Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT01827215.
Exposure to Bisphenol A Analogs and the Thyroid Function and Volume in Women of Reproductive Age—Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Milczarek-Banach Justyna , Rachoń Dominik , Bednarczuk Tomasz , Myśliwiec-Czajka Katarzyna , Wasik Andrzej , Miśkiewicz Piotr
Published: January 2021

Bisphenols (BPs) are commonly known plastifiers that are widely used in industry. The knowledge about the impact of BPs on thyroid function is scarce. Proper thyroid functioning is especially important for women of reproductive age, as hypothyroidism affects fertility, pregnancy outcomes and the offspring. There are no studies analyzing the influence of BPs on thyroid function and volume in non-pregnant young women. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the relationship between bisphenol A and its 10 analogs (BPS, BPC, BPE, BPF, BPG, BPM, BPP, BPZ, BPFL, and BPBP) on thyroid function and volume in women of reproductive age. Inclusion criteria were: female sex, age 18–40 years. Exclusion criteria were history of any thyroid disease, pharmacotherapy influencing thyroid function, pregnancy or puerperium, and diagnosis of autoimmune thyroid disease during this study. Venous blood was drawn for measurement of thyrotropin (TSH), free thyroxine, thyroid peroxidase antibodies, thyroglobulin antibodies, BPs. Urine samples were analyzed for: ioduria and BPs. Ultrasound examination of thyroid gland was performed. One hundred eighty participants were included into the study. A negative correlation was found between urine BPC and the thyroid volume (R = −0.258; p = 0.0005). Patients with detected urine BPC presented smaller thyroid glands than those with not-detected urine BPC (p = 0.0008). A positive correlation was found between TSH and urine BPC (R = 0.228; p = 0.002). Patients with detected urine BPC presented higher concentrations of TSH versus those with not-detected urine BPC (p = 0.003). There were no relationships between any of serum BPs as well as the other urine BPs and thyroid function and its volume. The only BP that demonstrated the relationship between thyroid function and its volume was BPC, probably because of its chemical structure that most resembles thyroxine. Exposure to this BP may result in the development of hypothyroidism that could have a negative impact on pregnancy and the offspring.
Industrial Control Malicious Traffic Anomaly Detection System Based on Deep Autoencoder
Authors: Wang Weiping , Wang Chunyang , Guo Yongzhen , Yuan Manman , Luo Xiong , Gao Yang
Published: January 2021

Industrial control network is a direct interface between information system and physical control process. Due to the lack of authentication, encryption, and other necessary security protection designs, it has become the main target of malicious attacks under the trend of increasing openness. In order to protect the industrial control systems, we examine the detection of abnormal traffic in industrial control network and propose a method of detecting abnormal traffic in industrial control network based on autoencoder technology. What is more, a new deep autoencoder model was designed to reduce the dimensionality of traffic data in industrial control network. In this article, the Kullback–Leibler divergence was added to the loss function to improve the ability of feature extraction and the ability to recover raw data. Finally, this model was compared with the traditional data dimensionality reduction method (principal component analysis (PCA), independent component analysis, and singular value decomposition) on gas pipeline dataset. The results show that the approach designed in this article outperforms the three methods in different scenes in terms of f1 score.
Effects of Multiconstituent Tides on a Subterranean Estuary With Fixed-Head Inland Boundary
Authors: Yu Xiayang , Xin Pei , Shen Chengji , Li Ling
Published: January 2021

While tides of multiple constituents are common in coastal areas, their effects on submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) and salinity distributions in unconfined coastal aquifers are rarely examined, with the exception of a recent study that explored such effects on unconfined aquifers with fixed inland freshwater input. For a large proportion of the global coastline, the inland areas of coastal aquifers are topography-limited and controlled by constant heads. Based on numerical simulations, this article examines the variation of SGD and salinity distributions in coastal unconfined aquifers with fixed-head inland boundaries at different distances from the shoreline (i.e., 50, 100, 150, and 200 m). The results showed that the fluctuation intensity of freshwater input was enhanced as the inland aquifer extent decreased, e.g., the range of tide-induced fluctuations in freshwater input increased by around 5 times as the inland aquifer extent decreased from 200 to 50 m. The frequency spectra of the fluctuations of SGD and salinity distributions showed that the coastal aquifer of a shorter inland aquifer extent smoothed out fewer high-frequency tidal constituents but enhanced interaction among different tidal constituents. The interaction among tidal constituents generated new low-frequency signals in the freshwater input and salinity distributions. Regressions based on functional data analysis demonstrated that the inland freshwater input and salinity distributions at any given moment were related to the antecedent (previous) tidal conditions weighted using the probability density function of the Gamma distribution. The influence of the antecedent tidal conditions depended on the inland aquifer extent.
The Inhibitory Effect of Curosurf® and Alveofact® on the Formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps
Authors: Schulz Annabell , Pagerols Raluy Laia , Kolman Jan Philipp , Königs Ingo , Trochimiuk Magdalena , Appl Birgit , Reinshagen Konrad , Boettcher Michael , Trah Julian
Published: January 2021

Background

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are a defense mechanism in which neutrophils cast a net-like structure in response to microbial infection. NETs consist of decondensed chromatin and about 30 enzymes and peptides. Some components, such as neutrophil elastase (NE) and myeloperoxidase (MPO), present antimicrobial but also cytotoxic properties, leading to tissue injury. Many inflammatory diseases are associated with NETs, and their final role has not been identified. Pulmonary surfactant is known to have immunoregulatory abilities that alter the function of adaptive and innate immune cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that natural surfactant preparations inhibit the formation of NETs.

Methods

The effect of two natural surfactants (Alveofact® and Curosurf®) on spontaneous and phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate–induced NET formation by neutrophils isolated by magnetic cell sorting from healthy individuals was examined. NETs were quantitatively detected by absorption and fluorometric-based assays for the NET-specific proteins (NE, MPO) and cell-free DNA. Immunofluorescence microscopy images were used for visualization.

Results

Both surfactant preparations exerted a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on NET formation. Samples treated with higher concentrations and with 30 min pre-incubation prior to stimulation with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate had significantly lower levels of NET-specific proteins and cell-free DNA compared to untreated samples. Immunofluorescence microscopy confirmed these findings.

Conclusions

The described dose-dependent modulation of NET formation ex vivo suggests an interaction between exogenous surfactant supplementation and neutrophil granulocytes. The immunoregulatory effects of surfactant preparations should be considered for further examination of inflammatory diseases.
Thymoproteasome-Expressing Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Confer Protective Anti-Tumor Immunity via Cross-Priming of Endogenous Dendritic Cells
Authors: Bikorimana Jean-Pierre , El-Hachem Nehme , El-Kadiry Abed El-Hakim , Abusarah Jamilah , Salame Natasha , Shammaa Riam , Rafei Moutih
Published: January 2021

Proteasomes are complex macromolecular structures existing in various forms to regulate a myriad of cellular processes. Besides degrading unwanted or misfolded proteins (proteostasis), distinct immune functions were ascribed for the immunoproteasome and thymoproteasome (TPr) complexes. For instance, antigen degradation during ongoing immune responses mainly relies on immunoproteasome activity, whereas intrathymic CD8 T-cell development requires peptide generation by the TPr complex. Despite these substantial differences, the functional contribution of the TPr to peripheral T-cell immunity remains ill-defined. We herein explored whether the use of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) engineered to exhibit altered proteasomal activity through de novo expression of the TPr complex can be exploited as a novel anti-cancer vaccine capable of triggering potent CD8 T-cell activation. Phenotypic and molecular characterization of MSC-TPr revealed a substantial decrease in MHCI (H2-Kb and H2-Dd) expression along with elevated secretion of various chemokines (CCL2, CCL9, CXCL1, LIX, and CX3CL1). In parallel, transcriptomic analysis pinpointed the limited ability of MSC-TPr to present endogenous antigens, which is consistent with their low expression levels of the peptide-loading proteins TAP, CALR, and PDAI3. Nevertheless, MSC-TPr cross-presented peptides derived from captured soluble proteins. When tested for their protective capacity, MSC-TPr triggered modest anti-tumoral responses despite efficient generation of effector memory CD4 and CD8 T cells. In contrast, clodronate administration prior to vaccination dramatically enhanced the MSC-TPr-induced anti-tumoral immunity clearly highlighting a refractory role mediated by phagocytic cells. Thus, our data elute to a DC cross-priming-dependant pathway in mediating the therapeutic effect of MSC-TPr.
Fecal IgA, Antigen Absorption, and Gut Microbiome Composition Are Associated With Food Antigen Sensitization in Genetically Susceptible Mice
Authors: Smeekens Johanna M. , Johnson-Weaver Brandi T. , Hinton Andrew L. , Azcarate-Peril M. Andrea , Moran Timothy P. , Immormino Robert M. , Kesselring Janelle R. , Steinbach Erin C. , Orgel Kelly A. , Staats Herman F. , Burks A. Wesley , Mucha Peter J. , Ferris Martin T. , Kulis Michael D.
Published: January 2021

Food allergy is a potentially fatal disease affecting 8% of children and has become increasingly common in the past two decades. Despite the prevalence and severe nature of the disease, the mechanisms underlying sensitization remain to be further elucidated. The Collaborative Cross is a genetically diverse panel of inbred mice that were specifically developed to study the influence of genetics on complex diseases. Using this panel of mouse strains, we previously demonstrated CC027/GeniUnc mice, but not C3H/HeJ mice, develop peanut allergy after oral exposure to peanut in the absence of a Th2-skewing adjuvant. Here, we investigated factors associated with sensitization in CC027/GeniUnc mice following oral exposure to peanut, walnut, milk, or egg. CC027/GeniUnc mice mounted antigen-specific IgE responses to peanut, walnut and egg, but not milk, while C3H/HeJ mice were not sensitized to any antigen. Naïve CC027/GeniUnc mice had markedly lower total fecal IgA compared to C3H/HeJ, which was accompanied by stark differences in gut microbiome composition. Sensitized CC027/GeniUnc mice had significantly fewer CD3+ T cells but higher numbers of CXCR5+ B cells and T follicular helper cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes compared to C3H/HeJ mice, which is consistent with their relative immunoglobulin production. After oral challenge to the corresponding food, peanut- and walnut-sensitized CC027/GeniUnc mice experienced anaphylaxis, whereas mice exposed to milk and egg did not. Ara h 2 was detected in serum collected post-challenge from peanut-sensitized mice, indicating increased absorption of this allergen, while Bos d 5 and Gal d 2 were not detected in mice exposed to milk and egg, respectively. Machine learning on the change in gut microbiome composition as a result of food protein exposure identified a unique signature in CC027/GeniUnc mice that experienced anaphylaxis, including the depletion of Akkermansia. Overall, these results demonstrate several factors associated with enteral sensitization in CC027/GeniUnc mice, including diminished total fecal IgA, increased allergen absorption and altered gut microbiome composition. Furthermore, peanuts and tree nuts may have inherent properties distinct from milk and eggs that contribute to allergy.
Class I HDAC Inhibitor Improves Synaptic Proteins and Repairs Cytoskeleton Through Regulating Synapse-Related Genes In vitro and In vivo
Authors: Han Ying , Chen Le , Guo Yu , Wang Chunyang , Zhang Chenghong , Kong Li , Ma Haiying
Published: January 2021

β-amyloid (Aβ) is an important protein molecule in the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Accumulation of Aβ leads to the loss of dendritic spines and synapses. These impairments can be ameliorated by histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACI). However, the mechanisms of HDACIs underlying the effect on synapse are not fully understood. In this study, we examined the relationship between HDAC activity and synapse-related genes and proteins by the administration of a class I HDAC inhibitor, BG45, in the exogenous Aβ-treated cells and mice. Our studies showed that the treatment of HF-488-Aβ1–42 to SH-SY5Y cells first increased the expression of the postsynaptic dendritic protein (PSD), then decreased it after 36 h. BG45 can alleviate the reduction of the expression of PSD-95 as well as spinophilin and cytoskeletal protein induced by HF-488-Aβ1–42 aggregation in SH-SY5Y cells. Similar to the results in vitro, PSD-95 in the hippocampus was temporarily increased in the early days of intravenous injection HF-488-Aβ1–40 to the mice, followed by the decreased expression of PSD-95 on the 9th day. In further studies, for the mice treated with Aβ for 9 days, we found that BG45 decreased the expression of HDAC1 and 2, increased the expression of PSD-95, spinophilin, and synaptophysin (SYP). Our data also showed that BG45 upregulated levels of three synapse-related genes and proteins GRIK2, SCN3B, and SYNPR. These findings suggest that the exogenous Aβ may stimulate transiently the expression of PSD-95 at an early stage, but subsequently contribute to synaptic defects. HDAC1 and 2 are involved in synaptic defects, and BG45 may improve the expression of synaptic and cytoskeletal proteins and repair cytoskeletal damage by specifically inhibiting HDAC1 and 2, thereby modulating synapse-related genes. BG45 might be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of an early stage of Aβ-related neurodegenerative disease.
MiRNA Polymorphisms and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Susceptibility: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhang Qimeng , Xu Xueying , Wu Mingcheng , Qin Tiantian , Wu Shaoning , Liu Hongbo
Published: January 2021

Background

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an intractable public health threat worldwide, representing the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality, with limited early detection and therapeutic options. Recent findings have revealed that the susceptibility of HCC is closely related to microRNA (miRNA). We performed this systematic review with a network meta-analysis to investigated four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that most regularly reported in miRNAs, exploring their involvement in HCC susceptibility and interaction with hepatitis B virus (HBV).

Methods

Databases were reviewed for related studies published up to May 2019 to identify all studies that compared genotypes of miR-146a rs2910164, miR-149 rs2292832, miR-196a2 rs11614913, and miR-499 rs3746444 with no language and date restrictions. A pairwise meta-analysis was performed to estimate pooled odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals incorporating heterogeneity to assess the relationship between four miRNA polymorphisms and HCC. To further clarify the effect of polymorphisms on HCC, a Bayesian network meta-analysis was conducted to combine the effective sizes of direct and indirect comparisons. Calculations were performed by R version 3.6.1 and STATA 14.0. All steps were performed according to PRISMA guidelines.

Results

A total of 20 studies were enrolled in this network meta-analysis, providing 5,337 hepatocellular carcinoma cases and 6,585 controls. All included studies had an acceptable quality. Pairwise meta-analysis demonstrated that miR-196a2 rs11614913 was significantly associated with the susceptibility of HCC, while the other three SNPs were not found to have a significant association. In the analysis of HCC patients under different HBV infection status, only miR-196a2 revealed correlation of threefold risk. The network results showed no significant difference in the distribution of genotype frequencies except for miR-196a2, which appeared to have the highest superiority index when comparing and ranking four SNPs.

Conclusion

MiR-196a2 rs11614913 was significantly associated with the susceptibility of HCC, especially for HBV- related HCC, and that individuals with TC/CC were more susceptible. No significant association was found in the other three miRNA genes. MiR-196a2 could serve as the best predictor of susceptibility in HCC.