bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of Lifelines Diet Score (LLDS) and metabolically unhealthy overweight/obesity phenotypes in women: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Khadem Alireza , Shiraseb Farideh , Mirzababaei Atieh , Ghaffarian-Ensaf Rasool , Mirzaei Khadijeh
Published: September 2022

Background

Previous studies have shown the association of a number of dietary quality scores with metabolically phenotypes of obesity. Recently, the Lifelines Diet Score (LLDS), which is a fully food-based score based on the 2015 Dutch dietary guidelines and underlying international literature, has been proposed as a tool for assessing the quality of the diet. Therefore, this study was performed to investigate the association between LLDS and metabolically healthy/unhealthy overweight and obesity (MHO/MUHO) phenotypes.

Methods

This study was performed on 217 women, aged 18–48 years old. For each participant anthropometric values, biochemical test and body composition were evaluated by standard protocols and methods. The LLDS was determined based on 12 components using a valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) containing 147 items. The metabolically healthy (MH) was evaluated using the Karelis criteria.

Results

Among the total participants in this study, 31.3% of the subjects were MHO while 68.7% were MUHO. After adjustment for potential confounding variables (age, energy intake, and physical activity), participants in highest LLDS tertile had a lower odds of MUHO compared with those in the lowest tertile (OR: 1.18; 95% CI: 0.23, 5.83; P-trend = 0.03). Also, after further adjustment with BMI, provided only small changes in "OR" and did not attenuate the significance (OR: 1.28; 95% CI: 0.23, 6.91; P-trend = 0.02).

Conclusions

The present evidence indicates that individuals with higher adherence to the LLDS had lower odds of metabolically unhealthy (MUH).
Multimorbidity, healthcare use and catastrophic health expenditure by households in India: a cross-section analysis of self-reported morbidity from national sample survey data 2017–18
Authors: Karan Anup , Farooqui Habib Hasan , Hussain Suhaib , Hussain Mohammad Akhtar , Selvaraj Sakthivel , Mathur Manu Raj
Published: September 2022

Background

The purpose of this research is to generate new evidence on the economic consequences of multimorbidity on households in terms of out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditures and their implications for catastrophic OOP expenditure.

Methods

We analyzed Social Consumption Health data from National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO) 75th round conducted in the year 2017–2018 in India. The sample included 1,13,823 households (64,552 rural and 49,271 urban) through a multistage stratified random sampling process. Prevalence of multimorbidity and related OOP expenditure were estimated. Using Coarsened Exact Matching (CEM) we estimated the mean OOP expenditure for individuals reporting multimorbidity and single morbidity for each episode of outpatient visits and hospital admission. We also estimated implications in terms of catastrophic OOP expenditure for households.

Results

Results suggest that outpatient OOP expenditure is invariably lower in the presence of multimorbidity as compared with single conditions of the selected Non-Communicable Diseases(NCDs) (overall, INR 720 [USD 11.3] for multimorbidity vs. INR 880 [USD 14.8] for single). In the case of hospitalization, the OOP expenditures were mostly higher for the same NCD conditions in the presence of multimorbidity as compared with single conditions, except for cancers and cardiovascular diseases. For cancers and cardiovascular, OOP expenditures in the presence of multimorbidity were lower by 39% and 14% respectively). Furthermore, around 46.7% (46.674—46.676) households reported incurring catastrophic spending (10% threshold) because of any NCD in the standalone disease scenario which rose to 63.3% (63.359–63.361) under the multimorbidity scenario. The catastrophic implications of cancer among individual diseases was the highest.

Conclusions

Multimorbidity leads to high and catastrophic OOP payments by households and treatment of high expenditure diseases like cancers and cardiovascular are under-financed by households in the presence of competing multimorbidity conditions. Multimorbidity should be considered as an integrated treatment strategy under the existing financial risk protection measures (Ayushman Bharat) to reduce the burden of household OOP expenditure at the country level.
Gaps in expectations and current practices of pharmacy services among doctors and patients – an exploratory study in a Sri Lankan tertiary care hospital providing free healthcare
Authors: Anjalee J. A. L. , Rutter V. , Samaranayake N. R.
Published: September 2022

The pharmacist is an important link between doctor and patient. To optimise patient care, it is essential that expectations of doctors and patients regarding pharmacy services are met. Hence the objective of this study was to assess the satisfaction levels of doctors and patients on pharmacy services currently provided, and their expectations from pharmacy services. This cross sectional study was conducted in selected clinics of a university based teaching hospital. Questionnaires developed in-house by referring previously published resources, content validated by a group of experts, and face validated through a pilot study were used. Doctors and patients of chronic disease clinics were selected for the study. All doctors involved in prescribing for more than six months, and patients or their regular care givers attending clinics for more than one year were included. Mentally incapacitated patients were excluded. An interviewee administered questionnaire was distributed to doctors and an interviewer administered questionnaire was used for patients. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) (principal component analysis with Varimax rotation) was conducted to divide variables of the questionnaires into reliable components. Response rate of doctors was 82.3%. Among them 59.6% (50/84) doctors said that they have a good relationship with pharmacists, and 89.3% (75/84) expected communication with pharmacists more often. EFA for doctors’ perceptions resulted in four components. A statistically significant difference was observed between doctors’ expectation (95.9% - 81/84) and current practice (22.6% - 19/84) on communicating medication issues (p<0.001). A total of 380 patients participated. EFA for patients’ perceptions resulted in ten components. The majority considered pharmacists as an integral part of the healthcare system (98.7% - 375/380) and experts in medication (84.7% - 322/380). They further perceived that dispensed medications are safe (82.9% - 315/380) and of good quality (76.3% - 290/380). Further 95.5% (363/380) were satisfied with dispensing label information. A statistically significant difference was found between the expectations (93% - 353/380) and satisfaction levels (86.5% - 329/380) of patients on pharmacy services (p=0.003). According to findings, both doctors and patients held a positive perception on pharmacy services and pharmacists, but the statistically significant gap reported between expectations and current level of pharmacy service, highlighting both the potential and scope for service improvement.
Characteristics of different asthma phenotypes associated with cough: a prospective, multicenter survey in China
Authors: Zhou Jianmeng , Yi Fang , Wu Feng , Xu Pusheng , Chen Meihua , Shen Huahao , Lin Lin , Zhang Yunhui , Li Suyun , Wu Changgui , Yuan Yadong , Wang Gang , Ye Xianwei , Zhang Ping , Tang Huaping , Ma Qianli , Huang Lanqing , Qiu Zhongmin , Deng Haiyan , Qiu Chen , Shi Guochao , Pan Jiayu , Luo Wei , Chung Kian Fan , Zhong Nanshan , Lai Kefang ,   the CPA Cohort Study Group, Chen Ruchong , Guan Weijie , Xie Yanqing , Jiang Mei , Gao Jie , Hua Wen , Cai Guangyun , Chen Cuiyi , Zhou Mingjuan , Xu Yanyan , Wang Minghang , Guo Yimin , Li Xue , Liu Lei , Yao Hongmei , Wen Hong , Chen Jianyou , Zhang Xuemei , Zhang Zhiping , Yu Li , Chen Dandan , Du Wei , Chen Qiaoli , Li Hu , Peng Wen , Zhang Liting , Tang Jiaman , Liu Baojuan , Zhan Chen , Huang Lianrong , Chen Xiaomei
Published: September 2022

Background

Asthma is a heterogeneous disease with variable symptoms, which presents with cough either as the sole or predominant symptom with or without wheezing. We compared the clinical and pathophysiological characteristics of cough predominant asthma (CPA), cough variant asthma (CVA) and classic asthma (CA) in order to determine any differential phenotypic traits.

Methods

In 20 clinics across China, a total of 2088 patients were finally recruited, including 327 CVA, 1041 CPA and 720 CA patients. We recorded cough and wheezing visual analogue scale, Leicester cough questionnaire (LCQ) and asthma control test scores. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), induced sputum cell counts, and capsaicin cough challenge were also measured and compared.

Results

CPA patients more frequently presented with cough as the initial symptom, and laryngeal symptoms (p < 0.001), had less symptoms related with rhinitis/sinusitis and gastroesophageal reflux (p < 0.05) than CA patients. Comorbidities including rhinitis and gastroesophageal reflux were similar, while the proportion of COPD and bronchiectasis was higher in CA patients. There were no differences in FeNO levels, sputum eosinophil and neutrophil counts, FEV1 (%pred) decreased from CVA to CPA to CA patients (p < 0.001). Cough sensitivity was higher in CVA and CPA compared to CA (p < 0.001), and was positively correlated with LCQ scores.

Conclusions

CVA, CPA and CA can be distinguished by the presence of laryngeal symptoms, cough sensitivity and airflow obstruction. Asthma-associated chronic cough was not associated with airway inflammation or comorbidities in our cohort.

Trial registration The Chinese Clinical Trial Registration Center, ChiCTR-POC-17011646, 13 June 2017
Effect of age and sex on prescriptions for outpatients with bipolar disorder in the MUSUBI study: a cross‑sectional study
Authors: Kawamata Yasushi , Yasui-Furukori Norio , Adachi Naoto , Ueda Hitoshi , Hongo Seiji , Azekawa Takaharu , Kubota Yukihisa , Katsumoto Eiichi , Edagawa Koji , Goto Eiichiro , Miki Kazuhira , Kato Masaki , Nakagawa Atsuo , Kikuchi Toshiaki , Tsuboi Takashi , Yoshimura Reiji , Shimoda Kazutaka , Watanabe Koichiro
Published: September 2022

Background

Childbearing-aged female patients and elderly patients with bipolar disorder need special attention for pharmacological treatments, but current guidelines provide little information on their pharmacological treatment. In particular, the risk/benefit balance of pharmacological treatment for childbearing-aged females with bipolar disorder is a growing concern. Therefore, we aimed to address the effect of age and sex on psychotropic drug prescription for outpatients with bipolar disorder.

Methods

The MUlticenter treatment SUrvey for BIpolar disorder in Japanese psychiatric clinics (MUSUBI) study was conducted, and data on age, sex, and details of pharmacological treatment were collected.

Results

A total of 3106 outpatients were included in this study. Among young females (age  ≤ 39), 25% were prescribed valproate. There was no significant difference in the frequency and daily dose of valproate prescription for young females among all groups. Valproate prescriptions were significantly less frequent among young males and more frequent among middle-aged males. Lithium prescriptions were significantly less frequent among young females and more frequent among older males (age  ≥ 65) and older females. Lamotrigine prescriptions were significantly more frequent among young males and young females and less frequent among older males and older females. Carbamazepine prescriptions were significantly less frequent among young males and more frequent among older males.

Conclusions

Biased information about the risk and safety of valproate and lithium for young females was suggested, and further study to correct this bias is needed. Older patients were prescribed lithium more commonly than lamotrigine. Further studies are needed to determine the actual pharmacotherapy for elderly individuals.
Performance evaluation of combining ICESat-2 and GEDI laser altimetry missions for inland lake level retrievals
Authors: Zhang Zhijie , Chen Guodong , Bo Yanchen , Guo Xiaozu , Bao Jianteng
Published: September 2022

Monitoring lake water levels is important to fully understand the characteristics and mechanism of lake dynamic change, the impact of climate change and human activities on lakes, etc. This paper first individually evaluated the performance of the newly released Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) and the successor of the Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite mission (ICESat-2) for inland lake level retrieval over four typical lakes (Chaohu Lake, Hongze Lake, Gaoyou Lake and Taihu Lake) using in situ gauge data, then the lake levels of the two missions were combined to derive long time-series lake water levels. A comparison of the mission results with in situ water levels validated the accuracy of the ICESat-2 with R varying from 0.957 to 0.995, MAE 0.03 m-0.10 m and RMSE 0.04 m-0.13 m; however, larger bias occurred in GEDI results with R spanning from 0.560 to 0.952, MAE 0.31 m-0.38 m and RMSE 0.35 m-0.46 m. Before the lake levels were combined, GEDI bias correction was carried out. The correlation coefficients and annual change rate differences between the combined and the in situ data were 0.964 and 0.06 m/yr, 0.852 and 0.05 m/yr, 0.888 and 0.05 m/yr, and 0.899 and 0.02 m/yr for Lake Chaohu, Hongze, Gaoyou and Taihu, respectively. Except for individual months and seasonal differences caused by GEDI estimations, the general trend of monthly, seasonal, and annual dynamics of inland lake water levels captured by combined GEDI and ICESat-2 missions were consistent with measurements from hydrological stations. These encouraging results demonstrate that combining the two missions has great potential for frequent and accurate lake level monitoring and could be a valuable resource for the study of hydrological and climatic change.
The 100 most impactful articles on the rotator cuff: an altmetric analysis of online media
Authors: Haislup Brett D. , Rate William R. , Civilette Matthew D. , Cohen Andrew S. , Bodendorfer Blake M. , Gould Heath P.
Published: September 2022

Purpose

The purpose of our study was to use the Altmetric Attention Score (AAS) to evaluate the 100 most impactful articles in online media pertaining to the rotator cuff and compare their characteristics to the most-cited rotator cuff articles in the scientific literature.

Methods

We performed an article extraction using Altmetric Explorer to identify all published articles pertaining to the rotator cuff. The top 100 articles with the highest AAS were included for analysis. Several data elements were extracted for each included article: title, article type, article topic, year of publication, journal name, authors, institutional affiliations, and online mentions (i.e. the number of times the article was mentioned in news, blog, Twitter, Facebook, and Wikipedia sources). The geographic origin of each article was also determined by the institutional affiliation of the first author, which was categorized as American (originating in the United States), European (originating in Europe), or other.

Results

The 100 articles with the highest AAS were published between 2009 and 2020, with AAS ranging from 47 to 676 (median: 74.5, 25th percentile: 59.5, 75th percentile: 114.5). Of all online media sources, Twitter correlated most strongly with AAS (r = 0.9007, r2 = 0.8112). The selected articles were most frequently published in the American Journal of Sports Medicine (13), the Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery (11), and the Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (7). The most common article type was Systematic Review/Meta-Analysis (29%), followed by Randomized Controlled Trial (15%). The top 3 AAS articles were all published by authors based in Europe.

Conclusion

The most impactful rotator cuff articles in online media generated substantial online attention. These studies were often performed in Europe and tended to be high level of evidence, focusing on treatment of rotator cuff pathology. The rotator cuff articles that produced the most online attention differed from a previous report of the most-cited rotator cuff articles, suggesting that alternative metrics may be used in concert with conventional bibliometrics to obtain a more complete representation of scientific impact.
Development of a short-form Chinese health literacy scale for low salt consumption (CHLSalt-22) and its validation among hypertensive patients
Authors: Zhang Yanli , Zhang Hanjing , Li Song , Li Yuetong , Hu Cunjie , Li Hongyu
Published: September 2022

Background

With the accelerated pace of people’s life and the changing dietary patterns, the number of chronic diseases is increasing and occurring at a younger age in today’s society. The speedily rising hypertensive patients have become one of the main risk factors for chronic diseases. People should focus on health literacy related to salt consumption and reach a better quality of life. Currently, there is a lack of local assessment tools for low salt consumption in mainland China.

Objective

To develop a short-form version of the Chinese Health Literacy Scale For Low Salt Consumption instrument for use in mainland China.

Methods

A cross-sectional design was conducted on a sample of 1472 people in Liaoxi, China. Participants completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Chinese version of the CHLSalt-22, the measuring change in restriction of salt (sodium) in the diet in hypertensives (MCRSDH-SUST), the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ), and the Benefit-Finding Scales (BFS) to test the hypothesis. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analyses were performed to examine the underlying factor structure of the CHLSalt-22. One month later, 37 patients who participated in the first test were recruited to evaluate the test-retest reliability.

Results

The CHLSalt-22 demonstrated adequate internal consistency, good test-retest reliability, satisfactory construct validity, convergent validity and discriminant validity. The CHLSalt-22 count scores were correlated with age, sex, body mass index (BMI), education level, income, occupation, the Measuring Change in Restriction of Salt (sodium) in Diet in Hypertensives (MCRSDH-SUST), the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ), and the Benefit-Finding Scales (BFS).

Conclusion

The results indicate that the Chinese Health Literacy Scale For Low Salt Consumption (CHLSalt-22) version has good reliability and validity and can be considered a tool to assess health literacy related to salt consumption in health screenings.
Intermittent fasting during adjuvant chemotherapy may promote differential stress resistance in breast cancer patients
Authors: Omar Enas M. , Omran Gamal A. , Mustafa Mohamed F. , El-Khodary Noha M.
Published: September 2022

Background

Preclinical studies prove that short-term fasting secures healthy cells against chemotherapy side effects and makes malignant cells more vulnerable to them. This study aimed to examine the effects of intermittent fasting (IF) during adjuvant chemotherapy AC (doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide) protocol in breast cancer (BC) patients.

Methods

Forty-eight newly diagnosed human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2 negative) BC patients were divided equally into two groups (24 each). The first group was recruited to fast intermittently for three consecutive days around chemotherapy for 18 h a day from 12 am to 6 pm and eats through 6 h a day from 6 pm to 12 am with permission of drinking water during fasting hours (IF group). This IF was repeated every 3 weeks for four cycles. The second group is a non-fasting (NF) group that was allowed to eat regularly. Toxicity in the two groups was compared. Hematologic, metabolic, and inflammatory parameters were measured and compared.

Results

Toxicity related to the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) was reduced in the IF group. Hematologic parameters showed no significant variations between the two studied groups after cycle 4. There was a significant increase in median glucose and median insulin levels (P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively) in the NF group between baseline and after cycle 4. In addition, there was a significant decrease in the median insulin level (P = 0.002) in the IF group between the two time points.

Conclusion

IF throughout chemotherapy was well tolerated and decreased the toxicity of chemotherapy. Additionally, IF-improved metabolic profiles of patients may have a positive impact on the clinical efficacy of chemotherapy.
Denoising of distributed acoustic sensing data using supervised deep learning
Authors: Yang Liuqing , Fomel Sergey , Wang Shoudong , Chen Xiaohong , Chen Wei , Saad Omar M. , Chen Yangkang
Published: September 2022

Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) is an emerging technology for acquiring seismic data due to its high-density and low-cost advantages. Because of the harsh acquisition environment and other unexpected reasons, the seismic signals acquired in DAS are masked by various types of complex noise, which seriously decreases the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data. We propose a fully convolutional neural network with dense and residual connections to attenuate complex noise in DAS data. The network is designed to learn features of useful reflection signals recorded from a large number of earthquake and microseismic events, aiming at obtaining an unprecedented generalization ability. First, we generate labels using an integrated framework that attenuates specific types of noise in real DAS data, where the integrated framework includes carefully designed band-pass, structure-oriented median, and dip filters. Then, we use the patching technique to segment the training samples into many small-scale patches to reduce computational cost and improve the extraction of essential features from large-scale passive seismic data. Finally, we use the well-trained network to estimate the heavily polluted hidden signals. Compared with two advanced deep-learning methods and a traditional denoising framework, our proposed method can more effectively attenuate strong and complex noise and recover weak hidden signals in synthetic and real DAS data tests.
The Utility of Monitoring Potassium in Transgender, Gender Diverse, and Nonbinary Individuals on Spironolactone
Authors: Hayes Hailey , Russell Rachel , Haugen Amber , Nagavally Sneha , Sarvaideo Jenna
Published: September 2022

Context

Current Endocrine Society guidelines recommend that transgender women taking spironolactone have their potassium levels checked every 3 months for the first year after initiating therapy and annually thereafter to monitor for hyperkalemia.

Objective

The goal of this study was to assess the need for such frequent potassium monitoring and to investigate whether age plays a role in potassium abnormalities in transgender, gender diverse, and nonbinary (TGDNB) individuals taking spironolactone.

Methods

Using EPIC-Clarity, a retrospective study of healthy, adult individuals with gender-identity disorder listed in their problem list and taking spironolactone was performed. We analyzed the incidence of hyperkalemia in this population. Data from June 2006 through November 2021 were obtained. Exclusion criteria included hypertension, renal failure, diabetes mellitus, heart failure, and medications that affect the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system.

Results

318 healthy TGDNB individuals met our inclusion criteria. We identified 8/318 (2.5%) individuals with hyperkalemia on spironolactone. There was a significant difference in incidence of hyperkalemia events in those >45 years old and those ≤45 years old (8.9% vs 1.5%, P = .016).

Conclusion

Our data suggest the incidence of hyperkalemia in our TGDNB population is low, particularly in those ≤45 years old; however, this risk increases with age. These findings suggest practice guidelines may need to be adjusted to minimize unnecessary testing in the population ≤45 years old who are not plagued by comorbidities that affect potassium handling.
Case series of perianal and pelvic MRI imaging findings in monkeypox
Authors: Gan Jason , Patel Janki , Ainsworth Eleanor , Patel Aatish , O'Hara Geraldine , Elowaidy Ahmed
Published: September 2022

Monkeypox is a viral infection historically rarely seen in humans, but currently the focus of international attention due to a multi-country outbreak outside endemic countries of Central and West Africa, where cases are typically confined. Perianal pain and lesions have recently been recognised as a feature of monkeypox. We present a case series of the imaging findings of patients with monkeypox, including active proctitis, anal canal inflammation, and perianal inflammation. The aim is to increase awareness of perianal and rectal monkeypox MRI imaging features during this current outbreak.
Effects of modified twin block appliance in growing Class II high angle cases: A cephalometric study
Authors: Jha Kanistika , Adhikari Manoj
Published: September 2022

Background: Class II malocclusions represent anteroposterior dysplasia usually resulting from mandibular retrusion. Along with a retropositioned mandible, it can be associated with either upward or backward jaw rotation. High angle cases are often associated with a short ramal height, steeper mandibular plane, and large gonial angle. Twin block is a commonly used myofunctional appliance that incorporates bite planes that direct the occlusal forces in a more favorable direction for correction of the retrognathic mandible. We aimed to evaluate skeletal, dental, and soft tissue changes following modified twin block appliance therapy in high-angle cases.

Methods: A cephalometric study was performed on 15 growing (10-14 years) high angle (Frankfort mandibular angle 28-35°) Class II Division I malocclusion patients undergoing twin block therapy. Skeletal, dental, and soft tissue changes were evaluated by cephalometric analysis using Dolphin software.

Results: Pre- and post-treatment changes in cephalograms were assessed by analysis of variance and paired t-test. Significant changes in the position of the mandible (angle between Sella-Nasion-Point B [SNB] increased by 3.9 degrees, P=0.02), Wits appraisal (decreased by 1.54in  mm, P=0.04), maxillo-mandibular relationship (angle between Point A-Nasion-Point B [ANB] decreased by 3.73 degrees, P=0.02) were observed. Soft tissue changes like the nasolabial angle were also significant, increasing by 3.8 degrees (P=0.04) and lower lip relation to E-line (reduction in lower lip protrusion) by 2 mm (P=0.04). Vertical parameters showed non-significant changes, like the Frankfort mandibular angle (FMA) increased by 0.07 degrees, (P=0.67), the angle between Sella-Nasion and Gonion-Gnathion (SN-Go-Gn) increased by 0.33 degrees, (P=0.67), Y-axis increased by 0.2 degrees, (P=0.32). The upper incisor inclination decreased non-significantly from 5.60±1.24 to 4.20±0.86 degrees, (P=0.31) and lower incisor increased non-significantly from 100.13±2.23 to 101.80 ±1.37 degrees, (P=0.08).

Conclusions: Modified twin block appliance can be used to successfully treat Class II Division I high angle cases with good vertical control.
Effect of eel and tempe composite flour supplementation on the nutritional status biomarkers of rats with a restricted protein diet: Data from a preclinical trial
Authors: Mentang Feny , Taher Nurmeilita , Nurkolis Fahrul , Gunawan William Ben , Yusuf Vincentius Mario , Sabrina Nindy , Qhabibi Faqrizal Ria , Mayulu Nelly , Taslim Nurpudji Astuti , Permatasari Happy Kurnia
Published: September 2022

Incorporating eels and tempe can replace and complement the content of proteins, macronutrients, and micronutrients, which may be related to curative effects for malnutrition. In addition, converting the ingredients into a form of flour can increase their shelf life and nutrient concentration. Therefore, an in vivo approach was undertaken to explore further the nutritional status value of biomarkers in malnourished male rats (Rattus norvegicus) after Eel and Tempe Composite (ETC) flour supplementation. Data was collected from blood samples (both plasma and serum) of rats in all groups, and the appropriate biomarkers were analyzed. The final data presented in this study is openly available and can be further analyzed using statistical means to determine the dose of ETC flour as the basis of clinical trials, which other researchers can reproduce. This data may also be valuable for those interested in using different analytical methods to research the same questions or even new preclinical studies focusing solely on nutritional status biomarker analysis methods, including clinical trial prospects.
Factors associated with inadequate urinary iodine concentration among pregnant women in Mbeya region Tanzania.
Authors: Lukindo Tedson , Masumo Ray , Hancy Adam , John Sauli E. , Paulo Heavenlight A. , Sanga Abraham , Noor Ramadhan , Lankoande Fatoumata , Towo Elifatio , Leyna Germana H. , Bridge Gemma , Bedi Raman
Published: September 2022

Background: Insufficient and excessive iodine intake during pregnancy can lead to serious health problems. In Tanzania, information available on iodine status during pregnancy is minimal. The aim of this study was to assess the iodine status and its association with socio-demographic factors in pregnant women in the Mbeya region, Tanzania. Method: A cross sectional survey involving 420 pregnant women (n=420) registered in Reproductive and Child Health Clinics was conducted. Data were collected via interviews and laboratory analysis of urinary iodine concentration (UIC). Results: Median UIC was 279.4μg/L (+/-26.1) to 1915μg/L. Insufficient iodine intake (UIC below 150μg/L) was observed in 17.14% of participants, sufficient intake in 24.29% and 58.57% had intakes above the recommended level (>250μg/L). Pregnant women who consume fish had an increased risk of insufficient iodine [Adjusted OR7= 2.60 (95%CI 1.31-5.15)] while the risk was lower for those who attended primary education compared to non-formal education [Adjusted OR= 0.29 (95%CI 0.08-0.99)]. Pregnant women resident in Mbarali district aged between 35-49 years were associated with an increased risk of UIC above recommended level [Adjusted OR=4.09 (95%CI 1.85-9.010] and [Adjusted OR=2.51 (95%CI 0.99-6.330] respectively . Conclusion: This study demonstrated a significant relationship between geographical factors (residence in the Mbarali district) and excess median urine iodine concentration, in addition, this study also found an association between consumption of freshwater fish and insufficient mean urine iodine concentration as indicated by the World Health Organization recommendation. Therefore, educational programs on iodine intake are needed as attending primary education was found to be a protective factor for insufficient median urine iodine concentration.
Persistent depression in pregnant refugee and migrant women living along the Thai-Myanmar Border: a secondary qualitative analysis.
Authors: Ashley-Norman Tabitha , Fellmeth Gracia , Brummaier Tobias , Nosten Suphak , Oo May May , Phichitpadungtham Yuwapha , Wai Kerry , Khirikoekkong Napat , Plugge Emma , McGready Rose
Published: September 2022

Background

Antepartum depression affects around 15% of pregnant women worldwide, and may negatively impact their infants' physical, cognitive and social development, and confer a greater risk of emotional dysregulation in their children. Risk factors for antepartum depression disproportionately affect women from resource-sparse settings. In particular, pregnant refugee and migrant women face many barriers to diagnosis and care of mental health conditions, yet this group is under-represented in the literature. This study explores what refugee and migrant women living along the Thai-Myanmar border perceive as being contributory and protective factors to their antepartum depression, through secondary qualitative analysis of responses to clinical interviews for depression.

Methods

Previous research investigating perinatal depression in pregnant refugee and migrant women on the Thai-Myanmar border involved assessing 568 women for depression, using the Structured Clinical Interview for the diagnosis of DSM-IV Disorders (SCID). This study analyses a subsample of 32 women, diagnosed with persistent depression during the antepartum period. Thematic analysis of responses to the SCID and social and demographic surveys was undertaken to investigate factors which contribute towards, or protect against, persistent antepartum depression.

Results

Major themes which women described as contributing towards persistent antepartum depression were financial problems, interpersonal violence, substance misuse among partners, social problems and poor health. Factors women considered as protecting mental wellbeing included social support, accessible healthcare and distractions, highlighting the need for focus on these elements within refugee and migrant settings. Commonly expressed phrases in local Karen and Burmese languages were summarised.

Conclusions

Knowledge of factors affecting mental wellbeing in the study population and how these are phrased, may equip stakeholders to better support women in the study area. This study highlighted the limitations of contextually generic diagnostic tools, and recommends the development of tools better suited to marginalised and non-English speaking groups.
The genome sequence of the brimstone moth, Opisthograptis luteolata (Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Boyes Douglas ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective, Phillips Dominic ,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: September 2022

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Opisthograptis luteolata (the brimstone moth; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Geometridae). The genome sequence is 363 megabases in span. The majority of the assembly (99.99%) is scaffolded into 31 chromosomal pseudomolecules with the Z sex chromosome assembled. The complete mitochondrial genome was also assembled and is 16.7 kilobases in length.
The genome sequence of the wall brown, Lasiommata megera (Linnaeus, 1767)
Authors: Lohse Konrad ,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective, Wright Charlotte ,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: September 2022

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Lasiommata megera (the wall brown; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Nymphalidae). The genome sequence is 488 megabases in span. The majority of the assembly (99.97%) is scaffolded into 30 chromosomal pseudomolecules with the W and Z sex chromosomes assembled. The complete mitochondrial genome was also assembled and is 15.3 kilobases in length.
The genome sequence of the peacock moth, Macaria notata (Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Boyes Douglas ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective, Couch Christian , Plotkin David , Kawahara Akito Y. ,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: September 2022

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Macaria notata (the peacock moth; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Geometridae). The genome sequence is 394 megabases in span. The majority of the assembly (99.98%) is scaffolded into 29 chromosomal pseudomolecules with the Z sex chromosome assembled. The complete mitochondrial genome was also assembled and is 15.4 kilobases in length.
Toxoplasmosis as a factor in chronic diseases in dogs
Authors: Broshkov M. , Kusturov V.
Published: September 2022

Toxoplasmosis is one of the most common animal and human diseases worldwide and is reported in European, Asian, African, North, and Latin American countries. This is due to the limited research methods that confirm the pathogen presence in animals and humans, the characteristic clinical signs, in some regions it is associated with sanitation problems, mainly due to improper cooking as most positive animals did not show a significant association with rodents or raw water consumption, the impossibility of complete body rehabilitation using currently known tools and treatment regimens, as well as the lack of understanding among individual physicians the peculiarities of pathogenesis in this pathology, features of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Toxoplasmosis course is clinically manifested by a wide range of clinical signs and immunosuppression of the cellular immune system that complicates the selection of pharmacological agents for the treatment in dogs. Prolonged functioning of the immune system in conditions of chronic recurrent infection contributes to cytokine imbalances and their permanent expression, supporting the inflammatory process. The reason for the development of chronic diseases is a violation of homeostasis due to either excessive intake of xenobiotics, including toxic, or violation of various levels of protection – detoxification, immunity, and excretion of pathological metabolites from the body Therefore, this review is aimed at providing an analysis on the clinical aspects of toxoplasmosis, the development of immunological reactions, and the seasonality of antigen activation, which coincides with the exacerbation of clinical signs. This review may be of interest among practicing physicians and researchers.
Conjugalidade e parentalidade adotiva em casais de gays e lésbicas: costuras a partir da transmissão psíquica
Authors: Da Mata Joziana Jesus , Scorsolini-Comin Fabio
Published: September 2022

A transmissão psíquica permite apreender processos que se repetem e se recriam em família ao longo das diferentes gerações. Esses elementos podem ser corporificados na conjugalidade e na parentalidade, ou seja, nos modos de ser pai/mãe e também casal. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a transmissão psíquica na construção da conjugalidade e da parentalidade em casais de gays e lésbicas com filhos por adoção. Foram entrevistados três casais com filhos com idades entre um e 11 anos. A análise temático-reflexiva evidenciou que as relações conjugais dos participantes parecem se diferenciar em termos dos modelos aprendidos/vivenciados com os próprios pais. Já a parentalidade parece se remeter aos comportamentos e práticas parentais experienciados ao longo da vida, embora sejam priorizadas relações mais próximas afetivamente nesses casais com seus filhos. A família de origem foi reconhecida como importante influência em termos do desejo de constituir uma família e para balizar as práticas parentais. As maiores rupturas, nesse sentido, foram observadas na construção da própria conjugalidade, não da parentalidade. Recomenda-se que estudos futuros sejam conduzidos também com os filhos por adoção, ampliando as inteligibilidades acerca do tema.
Coparentalidade aos 24 meses da criança: um estudo qualitativo
Authors: Schmidt Beatriz , Schneider Maitê , Lopes Rita de Cássia Sobreira , Piccinini Cesar Augusto
Published: September 2022

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a coparentalidade aos 24 meses da criança. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, da qual participaram 10 famílias nucleares, com um único filho. A mãe e o pai responderam entrevista sobre sua experiência de maternidade e paternidade, respectivamente. Essas entrevistas foram examinadas por análise temática dedutiva, considerando os temas componentes do modelo de coparentalidade de Feinberg: divisão de trabalho, acordo nos cuidados, apoio versus depreciação coparental e gerenciamento das interações familiares. Os resultados revelaram que cuidados básicos e tarefas domésticas estavam sob responsabilidade predominantemente materna, enquanto o envolvimento paterno se dava sobretudo em atividades de lazer, tais como brincadeiras e passeios. Houve predomínio de relatos de satisfação quanto à divisão de trabalho. Sobre acordo nos cuidados, os participantes enfatizaram especialmente os desafios de negociar e estabelecer limites apropriados à criança aos 24 meses, visando à promoção das novas habilidades e da autorregulação infantil, bem como à prevenção de acidentes. Relatos de apoio e de depreciação coparental coexistiram nas famílias. Assim, evidenciou-se respeito de um genitor às contribuições do outro, admiração e manutenção da autoridade, embora também culpabilização, crítica e competição entre a mãe e o pai. Quanto ao gerenciamento das interações familiares, houve predomínio de estratégias construtivas para resolução de conflitos, com destaque às conversações entre os genitores. Discutem-se aspectos gratificantes e desafiadores da coparentalidade aos 24 meses da criança, com ênfase aos estressores normativos nessa etapa do desenvolvimento infantil e às potencialidades dos genitores para enfrentá-los colaborativamente.
Learning Outside the Classroom During a Pandemic: Evidence from an Artificial Intelligence-Based Education App
Authors: Ko Ga Young , Shin Donghyuk , Auh Seigyoung , Lee Yeonjung , Han Sang Pil
Published: September 2022

Drawing on the notion of compensatory behavior, this paper studies how students compensate for learning loss during a pandemic and what role artificial intelligence (AI) plays in this regard. We further probe into a difference in compensatory behavior for learning loss in terms of quantity, pattern, and pace (i.e., tripartite aspect of learning behavior) of AI-powered learning app usage depending on the level of pandemic threat and the proximity of a goal to students. Results show that the pandemic threat affects student learning behavior differently. Immediately following the COVID-19 outbreak, students who live in the epicenter of the outbreak (versus those who do not) use the app less at first, but with time, they use it more (quantity), on a more regular basis (pattern), and rebound to a curriculum path (pace) comparable to students who do not live in the outbreak’s epicenter. These findings collectively explain behavior that is consistent with compensation for learning loss. The results also partially corroborate the goal-proximity effect, revealing that proximity to a goal (e.g., the degree to which the national university admission exam is approaching) has a moderating role in explaining the tripartite perspective of student learning behavior. Overall, these findings have important theoretical and practical implications for understanding how innovative education technologies can not only facilitate student learning during adversity, but also support learning recovery after adversity.

This paper was accepted by D. J. Wu, information systems.

Supplemental Material: Data files available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4531 .
Petrology and geochemistry of Plio-Quaternary high-Nb basalts from Shahr-e-Babak area:Insights into post-collision magmatic processes in the Kerman Cenozoic Magmatic Arc
Authors: Moradi Sakine , Khaksar Tayebeh , Nazarinia Asma , Hussain Amjad
Published: September 2022

Post-collision Pliocene-Quaternary basaltic rocks outcrop in the Kerman Cenozoic Magmatic Arc (KCMA) to the northwest and east of Shahr-e-Babak city. These porphyritic and vesicular basaltic rocks are composed essentially of clinopyroxene, olivine, and plagioclase. These basalts display alkaline affinity and negative Ta, Zr, Rb anomaly, but slightly negative Nb anomaly, relative to elements with similar compatibility, and positive Ba, K, Sr anomaly, suggesting their magma source related to subduction-accretion with implication of subducted slab derived components to the source. In the primitive mantle and chondrite normalized diagrams, these rocks show trace elements (except depletion in Nb, Ta) and Rare Earth Element (REE) patterns similar to the Ocean Island Basalts (OIB) and share trace and major element characteristics similar to High-Nb Basalts (HNBs). Geochemical analyses for major and trace elements suggest that the Shahr-e-Babak HNBs have undergone insignificant crustal contamination and minor olivine + Fe-Ti oxide ±clinopyroxene fractional crystallization. These HNBs derived from a partial melting (~5%) of garnet-peridotite mantle wedge, which have already metasomatized by overlying sediments, fluids, and adakitic (slab-derived) melts as major metasomatic agents in post-collision setting in the KCMA. We conclude that asthenospheric upwelling arising from slab break-off followed by the roll-back of subducting Neotethys slab also triggered metasomatized peridotite mantle wedge and caused its partial melting in the subduction zone.
All-optical digital multiplexer/demultiplexer in a linear three-core fiber device
Authors: Martins F. L. B. , Rodrigues J. P. T. , Nascimento J. C.
Published: September 2022

Digital multiplexers/demultiplexers (MUX/DEMUXes) are essential for computing, data transmission, and data processing. However, research on all-optical digital MUX/DEMUXes is scarce and generally proposes single-function nonlinear devices. This work presents the numerical acquisition of all-optical digital MUX/DEMUXes using a linear three-core fiber device. Our device, called the interchanging-cores planar three-core fiber coupler, is propagated by low-powered amplitude modulated pulses, can operate with pulses of any wavelength, and can be made using any fiber technology. This result is further evidence of the possibility of obtaining logical processing, even nonlinear logical processing, using fiber-only design.
Analytical ray transfer matrix for the crystalline lens
Authors: Navarro Rafael , Lockett-Ruiz Veronica , López José L.
Published: September 2022

We present the formulation of a paraxial ray transfer or ABCD matrix for onion-type GRIN lenses. In GRIN lenses, each iso-indicial surface (IIS) can be considered a refracting optical surface. If each IIS is a shell or layer, the ABCD matrix of a GRIN lens is computed by multiplying a typically high number of translation and refraction matrices corresponding to the K layers inside the lens. Using a differential approximation for the layer thickness, this matrix product becomes a sum. The elements A, B, C, and D of the approximated GRIN ray transfer matrix can be calculated by integrating the elements of a single-layer matrix. This ABCD matrix differs from a homogeneous lens matrix in only one integration term in element C, corresponding to the GRIN contribution to the lens power. Thus the total GRIN lens power is the sum of the homogeneous lens power and the GRIN contribution, which offers a compact and simple expression for the ABDC matrix. We then apply this formulation to the crystalline lens and implement both numerical and analytical integration procedures to obtain the GRIN lens power. The analytical approximation provides an accurate solution in terms of Gaussian hypergeometric functions. Last, we compare our numerical and analytical procedures with published ABCD matrix methods in the literature, and analyze the effect of the iso-indicial surface’s conic constant (Q) and inner curvature gradient (G) on the lens power for different lens models.
Modeling the optical properties of transparent and absorbing dielectrics by means of symbolic regression
Authors: Li Qingmeng , Macias Demetrio , Vial Alexandre
Published: September 2022

In this contribution we explore the possibilities and limitations of symbolic regression as an alternative to the approaches currently used to characterize the dispersive behavior of a given material. To this end, we make use of genetic programming to retrieve, from either ellipsometric or spectral data, closed-form expressions that model the optical properties of the materials studied. In a first stage we consider transparent dielectrics for our numerical experiments. Next we increase the complexity of the problem and consider absorbing dielectrics, which not only require the use of complex functions to model their dielectric function, but also imply a supplementary constraint imposed by the verification of the causality principle.