bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Elimination of early rehospitalization in a randomized, controlled trial of multidisciplinary care in a high‐risk, elderly heart failure population: the potential contributions of specialist care, clinical stability and optimal angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor dose at discharge
Authors: McDonald Kenneth , Ledwidge Mark , Cahill John , Kelly Jean , Quigley Peter , Maurer Brian , Begley Fiona , Ryder Mary , Travers Bronagh , Timmons Lorna , Burke Teresa
Published: July 2002

Background:

Despite a growing body of data demonstrating the benefits of multidisciplinary care in heart failure, persistently high rates of readmission, especially within the first month of discharge, continue to be documented.

Aims:

As part of an ongoing randomized study on the value of multidisciplinary care in a high risk (NYHA Class IV), elderly (mean age 69 years) heart failure population, we examined the effects of this intervention on previously high (20%) 1‐month readmission rates.

Methods:

Unlike previous studies of this approach, both multidisciplinary (MC) and routine care (RC) populations were cared for by the cardiology service, complied with adherence to clinical stability criteria prior to discharge (100% of patients) and received at least target dose angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition with perindopril prior to discharge (94% of indicated patients). We analysed death and unplanned readmission for heart failure at 1 month.

Results:

This early report from the first 70 patients (67% male, 71% systolic dysfunction with a mean ejection fraction of 31.0 ± 6.7%) enrolled in this study demonstrates elimination of 1‐month hospital readmission in both RC and MC groups. This unexpected result represents a dramatic improvement both for this patient cohort (20% 30‐day readmission rate prior to enrolment reduced to 0% following the index admission in both care groups) and in comparison with available data.

Conclusions:

Critical contributors to this improvement appear to be specialist cardiology care, adherence to clinical stability criteria prior to discharge and routine use of target or high‐dose ACE inhibitor therapy prior to discharge. Widespread application of this approach may have a dramatic improvement in morbidity of CHF while limiting the escalating costs of this condition.
Early recovery of oxygen kinetics after submaximal exercise test predicts functional capacity in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Nanas Serafim , Nanas John , Kassiotis Christos , Nikolaou Chara , Tsagalou Eleytheria , Sakellariou Demetrios , Terovitis Ioannis , Papazachou Ourania , Drakos Stavros , Papamichalopoulos Antonios , Roussos Charis
Published: July 2002

Background:

Oxygen (O2) uptake at peak exercise (VO2 peak) is an objective measurement of functional capacity in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). The significance of recovery O2 kinetics parameters in predicting exercise capacity, and the parameters of submaximal exercise testing have not been thoroughly examined.

Methods and results:

Thirty‐six patients (mean age‐48±14 years) with CHF and New York Heart Association functional class I [12], II [17], or III [7], and eight healthy volunteers (mean age‐39±13 years) were studied with maximal and submaximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). The first degree slope of O2 uptake decay during early recovery from maximal (VO2/t‐slope), and submaximal exercise (VO2/t‐slope)sub, were calculated, along with VO2 half‐time (T1/2VO2). Patients with CHF had a longer recovery of O2 uptake after exercise than healthy volunteers, expressed by a lower VO2/t‐slope (0.616±0.317 vs. 0.956±0.347 l min−1 min−1, P‐0.029) and greater T1/2VO2 (1.28±0.30 vs. 1.05±0.15 min, P‐0.005). VO2/t‐slope correlated with the VO2 peak (r‐0.84, P<0.001), anaerobic threshold (r‐0.79, P<0.001), and T1/2VO2, a previously established estimate of recovery O2 kinetics (r‐−0.59, P<0.001). (VO2/t‐slope)sub was highly correlated with VO2/t‐slope after maximal exercise (r‐0.87, P<0.001), with the VO2 peak (r‐0.87, P<0.001) and with T1/2VO2 after maximal exercise (r‐−0.62, P<0.001). VO2/t‐slope after maximal and submaximal exercise was reduced in patients with severe exercise intolerance (F‐9.3, P<0.001 and F‐12.8, P<0.001, respectively).

Conclusions:

Early recovery O2 kinetics parameters after maximal and submaximal exercise correlate closely with established indices of exercise capacity in patients with CHF and in healthy volunteers. These findings support the use of early recovery O2 kinetics after submaximal exercise testing as an index of functional capacity in patients with CHF.
Midwifery Management of Breastfeeding: Using the Evidence
Authors: Smith Jan Weingrad , Mary Rose Tully
Published: July 2002

Strong evidence supports breastfeeding as the appropriate health choice for both mothers and infants. However, the mechanics of breastfeeding are frequently less well understood. This review of both the research and clinical evidence regarding appropriate breastfeeding management is designed to aid the midwife and other health care professionals in providing care and teaching, which will optimize maternal and infant health.
Dual Rh(II)/Pd(0) Relay Catalysis for One‐Pot Synthesis of α‐Quaternary Allylated Indolin‐2‐ones and Benzofuran‐2‐ones
Authors: Lee Yu Lim , Lee Kyu Ree , Xuan Zi , Lee Sang‐gi
Published: January 2021

Cooperative Rh(II) and Pd(0) dual relay catalysis has been developed, which allowed one‐pot synthesis of α‐quaternary allylated indolin‐2‐ones and benzofuran‐2‐ones. The catalytic reaction proceeded through the sequential Rh(II)‐catalyzed intramolecular aromatic C(sp2)‐H bond functionalization of α‐diazo carbonyl compounds, followed by Pd(0)‐catalyzed allylic alkylation with allylic carbonates to afford the products in high yields (up to 97%).
An enhanced indoor visible light communication physical‐layer security scheme for 5G networks: Survey, security challenges, and channel analysis secrecy performance
Authors: Shaaban Rana , Faruque Saleh
Published: January 2021

Visible light communication (VLC) is considered to be a great replacement or complement to existing radio frequency networks to provide the future fifth‐generation (5G) wireless technology with higher data rates for indoor connectivity, which alleviates the traffic demand. Therefore, many issues emerged regarding the security in 5G networks as human safety is at risk. This work presents a comprehensive study on the physical‐layer security (PLS) and solutions in 5G networks, specifically, the security of VLC technology as one of the core PLS solutions for 5G future wireless networks. Furthermore, VLC threats and PLS solutions are extensively investigated. Based on our study, we propose a new indoor VLC secure model to enhance the secrecy performance in VLC networks using a combination of multiple PLS techniques to achieve this aim as beamforming, secure communication zones, and friendly jamming. The simulation results with respect to the received optical power and signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) prove that the proposed indoor VLC model can improve the secrecy performance. As the user's SNR exceeded 100 dB and optical received power reached 15 mW, the malicious user's SNR barely reached 30 dB with a 4‐μW received power outside the target zone increasing his interference level. Finally, future research directions in VLC security are outlined to encourage future research.
Nervous System and Rheumatology
Authors: Alkohtani Emad , Alkhotani Amal
Published: January 2021

The nervous system can be affected by many rheumatologic disorders. The involvements are different in various diseases. Some rheumatologic diseases have prominent nervous system features, e.g. SLE, while in others these are minor (Table 8.1).
Quantum periods and TBA-like equations for a class of Calabi-Yau geometries
Authors: Du Bao-ning , Huang Min-xin
Published: January 2021

Abstract

We continue the study of a novel relation between quantum periods and TBA(Thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz)-like difference equations, generalize previous works to a large class of Calabi-Yau geometries described by three-term quantum operators. We give two methods to derive the TBA-like equations. One method uses only elementary functions while the other method uses Faddeev’s quantum dilogarithm function. The two approaches provide different realizations of TBA-like equations which are nevertheless related to the same quantum period.
On BPS strings in $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 Yang-Mills theory
Authors: Ashok Sujay K. , Gupta Varun , Suryanarayana Nemani V.
Published: January 2021

Abstract

We study singular time-dependent$$ \frac{1}{8} $$18-BPS configurations in the abelian sector of$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory that represent BPS string-like defects in ℝ ×S3spacetime. Such BPS strings can be described as intersections of the zeros of holomorphic functions in two complex variables with a 3-sphere. We argue that these BPS strings map to$$ \frac{1}{8} $$18-BPS surface operators under the state-operator correspondence of the CFT. We show that the string defects are holographically dual to noncompact probe D3-branes in globalAdS5×S5that share supersymmetries with a class of dual-giant gravitons. For simple configurations, we demonstrate how to define a good variational problem and propose a regularization scheme that leads to finite energy and global charges on both sides of the holographic correspondence.
Understanding the MiniBooNE and the muon and electron g − 2 anomalies with a light Z′ and a second Higgs doublet
Authors: Abdallah Waleed , Gandhi Raj , Roy Samiran
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Two of the most widely studied extensions of the Standard Model (SM) area) the addition of a new U(1) symmetry to its existing gauge groups, andb) the expansion of its scalar sector to incorporate a second Higgs doublet. We show that when combined, they allow us to understand the electron-like event excess seen in the MiniBooNE (MB) experiment as well as account for the observed anomalous values of the muon magnetic moment. A lightZ′associated with an additional U(1) coupled to baryons and to the dark sector, with flavor non-universal couplings to leptons, in conjunction with a second Higgs doublet is capable of explaining the MB excess. TheZ′obtains its mass from a dark singlet scalar, which mixes with the two Higgs doublets. Choosing benchmark parameter values, we show that$$ \mathrm{U}{(1)}_{B-3{L}_{\tau }} $$U1B−3Lτ, which is anomaly-free, and U(1)B, both provide (phenomenologically) equally good solutions to the excess. We also point out the other (anomaly-free) U(1) choices that may be possible upon fuller exploration of the parameter space. We obtain very good matches to the energy and angular distributions for neutrinos and anti-neutrinos in MB. The extended Higgs sector has two light CP-even scalars,h′andH, and their masses and couplings are such that in principle, both contribute to help explain the MB excess as well as the present observed values of the muon and electrong −2. We discuss the constraints on our model as well as future tests. Our work underlines the role that light scalars may play in understanding present-day low-energy anomalies. It also points to the possible existence of portals to the dark sector, i.e., a light gauge boson field (Z′) and a dark neutrino which mixes with the active neutrinos, as well as a dark sector light scalar which mixes with the extended Higgs sector.
Role of Chewing Gum in Reducing Postoperative Ileus after Reversal of Ileostomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Bhatti Samiullah , Malik Yusra Jahangir , Changazi Shabbar Hussain , Rahman Usman Ali , Malik Awais Amjad , Butt Usman Ismat , Umar Muhammad , Farooka Muhammad Waris , Ayyaz Mahmood
Published: January 2021

Background

Postoperative ileus is one of the most prevalent and troublesome problems after any elective or emergency laparotomy. Gum chewing has emerged as a new and simple modality for decreasing postoperative ileus. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of chewing gum in reducing postoperative ileus in terms of passage of flatus and total length of hospital stay.

Patients and methods

This single‐blinded, randomized clinical trial was conducted in department of surgery, Services Hospital Lahore, between November 2013 and November 2015. The patients were divided into two groups: chewing gum (Group A) and no chewing gum (Group B). Starting 6 h after the operation, Group A patients were asked to chew gum for 30 min every 8 h; bowel sounds, passage of flatus and total length of hospital stay were noted. Outcome measures such as passage of flatus and total length of hospital stay in patients undergoing reversal of ileostomy were compared using t‐test.

Results

Mean age of the patients in Group A was 26.12 (± 7.1) years and in Group B was 28.80 (± 10.5) years. There were 25 males (50%) and 25 females (50%) in Group A. In Group B, there were 29 males (58%) and 21 females (42%). Mean BMI in Group A was 23.5 (± 5.3), and in Group B was 21.4 (± 4.6). The mean time to pass flatus was noted to be significantly shorter, 18.36 (± 8.43) hours, in the chewing group (Group A), whereas in the no chewing gum group (Group B), it was 41.16 (± 6.14) hours (p value < 0.001). The mean length of hospital stay was significantly shorter 84 (± 8.3) hours in the chewing gum group (Group A) as compared to 107.04 (± 6.4) hours in the no chewing gum group (Group B) (p value 0.000).

Conclusion

It is concluded that postoperative chewing of gum after the reversal of ileostomy is accompanied with a significantly shorter time to passage of flatus and shorter length of hospital stay.
A review on drones controlled in real-time
Authors: Kangunde Vemema , Jamisola Rodrigo S. , Theophilus Emmanuel K.
Published: January 2021

This paper presents related literature review on drones or unmanned aerial vehicles that are controlled in real-time. Systems in real-time control create more deterministic response such that tasks are guaranteed to be completed within a specified time. This system characteristic is very much desirable for drones that are now required to perform more sophisticated tasks. The reviewed materials presented were chosen to highlight drones that are controlled in real time, and to include technologies used in different applications of drones. Progress has been made in the development of highly maneuverable drones for applications such as monitoring, aerial mapping, military combat, agriculture, etc. The control of such highly maneuverable vehicles presents challenges such as real-time response, workload management, and complex control. This paper endeavours to discuss real-time aspects of drones control as well as possible implementation of real-time flight control system to enhance drones performance.
Experimenting with International Commercial Dispute Resolution
Authors: Bookman Pamela K. , Erie Matthew S.
Published: January 2021

In this essay, we describe the overlapping phenomena of new legal hubs (NLHs), international commercial courts, and arbitral courts. We survey their impact on the law and geopolitics of international commercial dispute resolution, identifying key issues these new dispute resolution institutions raise. While the rise of international commercial courts spans authoritarian and liberal states, Western and Asian states, common law and civil law traditions, it also highlights and builds upon regional differences. We question the assumption that the establishment of new courts is always consistent with an increase in the rule of law, particularly in non-democratic states. We close with thoughts about the potential influence and future role of these institutions. Some of the procedural innovations discussed here may lead to shifts in international commercial dispute resolution for years to come, but the question of whether there is sufficient demand for these new institutions lingers.
The International Commercial Dispute Prevention and Settlement Organization: A Global Laboratory of Dispute Resolution with an Asian Flavor
Authors: Wang Guiguo , Sharma Rajesh
Published: January 2021

The Second Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation announced the establishment of the International Commercial Dispute Prevention and Settlement Organization (ICDPASO) in 2019. The ICDPASO was coordinated by the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade and the China Chamber of International Commerce, together with industrial and commercial organizations and legal service agencies from over thirty countries and regions including the European Union, Italy, Singapore, Russia, Belgium, Mexico, Malaysia, Poland, Bulgaria, and Myanmar. It was launched on 15 October 2020. As its title indicates, ICDPASO's mandate to provide dispute resolution services is not confined to the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) countries but includes resolving any disputes that the parties entrust to its jurisdiction. The ICDPASO aims to serve as a “legal hub” to resolve commercial and investment disputes effectively, efficiently, and practically. Unlike other multilateral dispute resolution forums, it is intended to provide an Asian-centric multilateral dispute resolution forum. This essay, the first on the subject of the ICDPASO, discusses how the ICDPASO can serve as a global laboratory for experimenting and innovating in dispute resolution with the potential to impact the landscape of international law, in particular its innovative use of mediation, good offices, and appeal processes to prevent and resolve disputes arising from the BRI. As BRI projects aim to establish infrastructure and digital connectivity within BRI countries and regions for trade and development, this essay argues that the dispute resolution process under the ICDPASO should take into account the overall development of a country or region. The essay concludes that the ICDPASO will be a game changer by introducing an Asian way of resolving disputes.
Genetic and Epidemiological Study of Adult Ataxia and Spastic Paraplegia in Eastern Quebec
Authors: Haj Salem Ikhlass , Beaudin Marie , Stumpf Monica , Estiar Mehrdad A. , Côté Pierre-Olivier , Brunet Francis , Gamache Pierre-Luc , Rouleau Guy A. , Mourabit-Amari Karim , Gan-Or Ziv , Dupré Nicolas
Published: January 2021

Objective:

To estimate the minimum prevalence of adult hereditary ataxias (HA) and spastic paraplegias (HSP) in Eastern Quebec and to evaluate the proportion of associated mutations in identified genes.

Methods:

We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study of patients who met clinical criteria for the diagnosis of HA (n = 241) and HSP (n = 115) in the East of the Quebec province between January 2007 and July 2019. The primary outcome was the prevalence per 100,000 persons with a 95% confidence interval (CI). The secondary outcome was the frequency of mutations identified by targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach. Minimum carrier frequency for identified variants was calculated based on allele frequency values and the Hardy–Weinberg (HW) equation.

Results:

The minimum prevalence of HA in Eastern Quebec was estimated at 6.47/100 000 [95% CI; 6.44–6.51]; divided into 3.73/100 000 for autosomal recessive (AR) ataxias and 2.67/100 000 for autosomal dominant (AD) ataxias. The minimum prevalence of HSP was 4.17/100 000 [95% CI; 4.14–4.2]; with 2.05/100 000 for AD-HSP and 2.12/100 000 for AR-HSP. In total, 52.4% of patients had a confirmed genetic diagnosis. AR cerebellar ataxia type 1 (2.67/100 000) and AD spastic paraplegia SPG4 (1.18/100 000) were the most prevalent disorders identified. Mutations were identified in 23 genes and molecular alterations in 7 trinucleotides repeats expansion; the most common mutations were c.15705–12 A > G in SYNE1 and c.1529C > T (p.A510V) in SPG7.

Conclusions:

We described the minimum prevalence of genetically defined adult HA and HSP in Eastern Quebec. This study provides a framework for international comparisons and service planning.
Bounds for sets with no polynomial progressions
Authors: Peluse Sarah
Published: January 2021

Let

$P_1,\dots ,P_m\in \mathbb{Z} [y]$

be polynomials with distinct degrees, each having zero constant term. We show that any subset A of

$\{1,\dots ,N\}$

with no nontrivial progressions of the form

$x,x+P_1(y),\dots ,x+P_m(y)$

has size

$|A|\ll N/(\log \log {N})^{c_{P_1,\dots ,P_m}}$

. Along the way, we prove a general result controlling weighted counts of polynomial progressions by Gowers norms.
Erring Experts? A Critique of Wine Ratings as Hedonic Scaling
Authors: Marks Denton
Published: January 2021

Consumers use expert ratings to help choose wine, and economists find correlations between ratings and transaction prices. Rating scales resemble hedonic scales in the behavioral sciences, which suffer from an “intersubjectivity” problem. Taste is a private sensation; people taste differently (an external validity problem), so ratings are often unreliable hedonic markers of enjoyment. But why? Hedonic measurements from food science (“general Labeled Magnitude Scales”) attempt to adjust for differences in perceived sensory sensitivity and offer clues. Resulting insights illustrate wine ratings’ shortcomings as reliable guides to enjoyment. (JEL Classifications: C14, D12, D91, L15, L66)
The Nearness of Youth: Spatial and Temporal Effects of Protests on Political Attitudes in Chile
Authors: Disi Pavlic Rodolfo
Published: January 2021

Social movement research indicates that mobilization can effect change in political attitudes, yet few works have systematically tested the effect of protests on public opinion. This article uses survey and protest event data to assess the spatial and temporal effect of mobilizations on political attitudes Chile. It combines the 2008, 2010, and 2012 LAPOP surveys and a dataset of college student protest events, mapping respondents and protests at the municipal level using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Using regression analyses, it finds that proximity to college student protests has a significant effect on various political attitudes. The effect, however, tends to be substantively larger on “weak” attitudes and smaller on “strong” ones. The results highlight the importance of mobilizations in shaping individual political attitudes and the role that social movements play in the policy-making process.
Racial Reparations against White Protectionism: America's New Racial Politics
Authors: Smith Rogers M. , King Desmond
Published: January 2021

After more than half a century in which American racial politics has been structured primarily as a clash between two rival “racial orders” or “policy alliances,” the longstanding coalitions are transforming into ones centered on significantly new themes. The racially conservative “color-blind” policy alliance is, under the leadership of President Donald Trump, becoming an alliance promising “white protectionism.” The “race-conscious” policy alliance is, with the mobilizations around the slogan of Black Lives Matter, becoming an alliance focused on “racial reparations” to end “systemic racism.” These new, even more, polarized racial policy alliances have counterparts across the globe, and they are likely to shape political life for many years to come.
AN UGLY COW WITH BIG FEET: SEX, METRE AND GENRE INGEORGICS3
Authors: Cowan Robert
Published: January 2021

Virgil's list of the qualities that are desirable in a brood cow corresponds closely to those in Varro'sDe re rusticaand in the texts which, though later, can be plausibly taken as evidence of an existing tradition. Yet, there is one exception, and it is an exception to which the poet carefully draws attention. Varro's, Columella's and Palladius’ ideal cows all share with Virgil's and with each other hairy ears, very long dewlaps and tail, and other features. However, whereas they all have narrow hooves (ungulis breuibus,Palladius), moderate at most (ungulis modicis, Columella), and certainly not broad (pedibus non latis, Varro), Virgil's cow emphatically has big feet (Verg.G.3.51–9):optima toruaeforma bouis cui turpe caput, cui plurima ceruix,et crurum tenus a mento palearia pendent;tum longo nullus lateri modus: omnia magna,pes etiam, et camuris hirtae sub cornibus aures. 55nec mihi displiceat maculis insignis et albo,aut iuga detrectans interdumque aspera cornuet faciem tauro propior, quaeque ardua totaet gradiens ima uerrit uestigia cauda.The best shapefor a fierce cow is one which has an ugly head, which has a lot of neckand whose dewlaps hang from her chin all the way down to her legs;then let there be no limit to the length of her flank: let everything be big,even the foot, and hairy ears under in-curving horns,and I would approve of her being marked with white spots,either refusing the yoke or sometimes fierce with her hornand in appearance closer to a bull, and who is lofty in every respectand when walking sweeps her tracks with the tip of her tail.Few readers who have sampled the density of Virgil's intertextuality, thecurawith which he selects individual words, or the polyphonic meanings at play in every line of theGeorgicswould be tempted to ascribe any such divergence from the technical tradition to carelessness or indifference. However, even if any were inclined to do so elsewhere, the enjambed phrasepes etiamdraws emphatic attention to this dissent: ‘you may, from your familiarity with the tradition, expect the feet to be an exception, but no, they too should be large’. The reader is thus positively invited to look for an explanation.
WHAT SOCRATES SAYS, AND DOES NOT SAY
Authors: Klosko George
Published: January 2021

For several decades, scholars of Plato's dialogues have focussed their efforts on understanding Socrates’ philosophy by unravelling the arguments used to establish it. On this view, Socrates’ philosophy is presented in his arguments, and, as Gregory Vlastos says, ‘Almost everything Socrates says is wiry argument; that is the beauty of his talk for a philosopher.’ In this paper I raise questions about what can be learned about Socrates’ philosophy through analysis of his arguments. One critic of what he views as traditional interpretations of Plato—‘the sole frame of reference used by most interpreters of Plato from antiquity to the present’—describes this approach as follows:

(i)

reading the dialogues to discover Platonic or Socratic doctrines, and

(ii)

the logic of the arguments on which these doctrines are based.

While I subscribe to the first point, I have questions about (ii), the ready contention that Plato's dogmas are based on the arguments through which they are defended in dialogues.
A scenario-integrated approach for functional design of smart systems
Authors: Gui Fajun , Chen Yong
Published: January 2021

Functional design is regarded as a design activity primarily aimed at clarifying customer needs, and developing the functional architecture and solution concepts for a system under development. Existing functional design approaches are mainly focused on how to assist designers in searching for solution principles for desired products, which, however, do not adequately take into account the interactions between a smart system under development and its environment, and cannot explicitly represent the complex functional logic of the system, resulting in that they cannot effectively assist designers in the functional design of smart systems. Therefore, this paper proposes a scenario-integrated approach for functional design of smart systems to address the above issues. Based on the concept of scenario in software engineering, the proposed approach explicitly elaborates how to employ scenarios to express subjective customer needs and how to generate the functional architectures and the corresponding solution concepts through a structured process. The functional design of the automated doors-unlocking system of a smart vehicle is employed to illustrate the proposed approach, which also demonstrates that the proposed approach is suitable for functional design of smart systems.
A Tribute to the Late William J. Curran
Authors: Lawrence O. , Gostin J.D.
Published: January 2021

In the summer of 1979, a group of experts on law, medicine, and ethics assembled in Siracusa, Sicily, under the auspices of the International Commission of Jurists and the International Institute of Higher Studies in Criminal Science, to draft guidelines on the rights of persons with mental illness. Sitting across the table from me was a quiet, proud man of distinctive intelligence, William J. Curran, Frances Glessner Lee Professor of Legal Medicine at Harvard University. Professor Curran was one of the principal drafters of those guidelines. Many years later in 1991, after several subsequent re-drafts by United Nations (U.N.) Rapporteur Erica-Irene Daes, the text was adopted by the U.N. General Assembly as the Principles for the Protection of Persons with Mental Illness and for the Improvement of Mental Health Care. This was the kind of remarkable achievement in the field of law and medicine that Professor Curran repeated throughout his distinguished career.
Connecticut Supreme Court Denies Claim of Emergency Room Negligence
Authors: J.S.
Published: January 2021

In Barrett v. Danbury Hospital (232 Conn. 242; 654 A.2d 748 (1995)), the Supreme Court of Connecticut held that the fear of contracting or transmitting HIV or any other blood-borne pathogens is not a compensable injury and does not give rise to a negligence or a medical malpractice claim. The court's decision affirmed the holding of a Connecticut trial court.

In June 1990, Allen Barrett was admitted to Danbury Hospital complaining of abdominal pain. He had a history of gall bladder trouble. Barrett was placed on a stretcher in the emergency room. The attending physician diagnosed Barrett's pain as a gallstone condition. During the course of his examination, the doctor noticed that Barrett was sitting in blood. The physician subsequently performed a rectal examination of Barrett to locate the source of the blood. The physician determined that the patient was not bleeding, but that the blood was in fact coming from two slits in the vinyl pad that covered the stretcher on which Barrett sat.
Ninth Circuit Holds Physician Joint Venture Liable for Anti-Kickback Violation
Authors: J.L.W.
Published: January 2021

Hanlester Network v. Shalala (51 F.3d 1390 (9th Cir. 1995)) marks the first test of the application of the Medicare-Medicaid anti-kickback statute to physician self-referral joint ventures. The most recent development in this ongoing litigation was the April 6, 1995 decision of the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, holding the Hanlester Network vicariously liable for its marketing vice president's knowing and willful violation of the antikickback statute. The vice president had offered to pay physician-investors in order to induce their referrals of program-related business.

The Hanlester Network was a California general partnership comprised of corporations, clinical laboratories, and individual investors. In April 1987, it entered into a management agreement on behalf of the clinical laboratories with SmithKline BioScience Laboratories (SKBL).
Assigning and Empowering Moral Decision Making: Acuna v. Turkish and Wrongful Birth and Wrongful Life Jurisprudence in New Jersey
Authors: Shachar Carmel
Published: January 2021

The New Jersey Supreme Court has continually avoided making moral judgments about the value of life and emphasized that such decision making should be the province of the potential parents. Recently, in Acuna v. Turkish, the court elaborated on the limitations of the decision-making right of the potential parents, and its decision demonstrated that New Jersey courts were only willing to require physicians to disclose all relevant medical information, and not moral statements that had not been agreed upon by the state's medical community, people, or legislature. Acuna might be read as a departure from the trend displayed by New Jersey courts in “wrongful birth” and “wrongful life” actions toward empowering potential parents to decide if they want to bring the pregnancy to term. However, the decision actually fits squarely within this trend in that the reluctance to expand the information to which potential parents are entitled from their physicians can be directly tied to the reluctance of the New Jersey Supreme Court to weigh in on the value of life in wrongful birth and wrongful life suits.
Constitutional Law: Idaho High Court Holds Like Providers to Equal Protection Standard
Authors: Swift Gilbert
Published: January 2021

The Supreme Court of Idaho held, in Idaho Association of Chiropractic Physicians, Inc. v. Alcorn, No. 23787,1999 WL 134677, at *1 (Idaho Mar. 15, 1999), that insurance regulations of health care services must apply equally to all providers. The Idaho legislature enacted the Small Employer Health Insurance Availability Act, Idaho Code § 41-4701 (1998), and the Individual Health Insurance Availability Act, id. § 41-5201 (1998), which is to be implemented by the Idaho Small Employer and Individual Health Reinsurance Program (Program). The goal of the legislation is to make health insurance available and affordable to small employers and their employees, and to individuals who would not otherwise have health insurance. Accordingly, the Program promulgated the following rule: “Chiropractic services will be subject to one thousand dollars per year limit.” Idaho Ass’n of Chiropractic Physicians, 1999 WL 134677, at *1.

The plaintiff, the Idaho Association of Chiropractic Physicians (IACP), sought declaratory judgment and injunctive relief against defendant, James M. Alcorn, director of the Idaho State Department of Insurance, on equal protection and due process grounds.
Malpractice & Negligence: State Supreme Courts Limit Therapists’ Duties to Third Parties
Authors: Cleary Megan
Published: January 2021

In recent years, the law in the area of recovered memories in child sexual abuse cases has developed rapidly. See J.K. Murray, “Repression, Memory & Suggestibility: A Call for Limitations on the Admissibility of Repressed Memory Testimony in Abuse Trials,” University of Colorado Law Review, 66 (1995): 477-522, at 479. Three cases have defined the scope of liability to third parties. The cases, decided within six months of each other, all involved lawsuits by third parties against therapists, based on treatment in which the patients recovered memories of sexual abuse. The New Hampshire Supreme Court, in Hungerford v. Jones, 722 A.2d 478 (N.H. 1998), allowed such a claim to survive, while the supreme courts in Iowa, in J.A.H. v. Wadle & Associates, 589 N.W.2d 256 (Iowa 1999), and California, in Eear v. Sills, 82 Cal. Rptr. 281 (1991), rejected lawsuits brought by nonpatients for professional liability.
Indirect to direct band gap crossover in two-dimensional WS2(1−x)Se2x alloys
Authors: Ernandes Cyrine , Khalil Lama , Almabrouk Hela , Pierucci Debora , Zheng Biyuan , Avila José , Dudin Pavel , Chaste Julien , Oehler Fabrice , Pala Marco , Bisti Federico , Brulé Thibault , Lhuillier Emmanuel , Pan Anlian , Ouerghi Abdelkarim
Published: January 2021

In atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenide semiconductors, there is a crossover from indirect to direct band gap as the thickness drops to one monolayer, which comes with a fast increase of the photoluminescence signal. Here, we show that for different alloy compositions of WS2(1−x)Se2x this trend may be significantly affected by the alloy content and we demonstrate that the sample with the highest Se ratio presents a strongly reduced effect. The highest micro-PL intensity is found for bilayer WS2(1−x)Se2x (x = 0.8) with a decrease of its maximum value by only a factor of 2 when passing from mono-layer to bi-layer. To better understand this factor and explore the layer-dependent band structure evolution of WS2(1−x)Se2x, we performed a nano-angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy study coupled with first-principles calculations. We find that the high micro-PL value for bilayer WS2(1−x)Se2x (x = 0.8) is due to the overlay of direct and indirect optical transitions. This peculiar high PL intensity in WS2(1−x)Se2x opens the way for spectrally tunable light-emitting devices.
Sensitive and specific detection of peroxynitrite and in vivo imaging of inflammation by a “simple” AIE bioprobe
Authors: Xie Huilin , Zhang Jingtian , Chen Chao , Sun Feiyi , Liu Haixiang , He Xinyuan , Lam Kristy W. K. , Li Zhao , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Zhang Guo-Qiang , Ding Dan , Kwok Ryan T. K. , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: January 2021

A facile synthesized AIE bioprobe was developed to detect peroxynitrite sensitively and specifically. This bioprobe can realize both in vitro ONOO− detection and in vivo visualization of inflammation.
Mercury in gas and oil deposits: corrosion problem
Authors: Mashyanov Nikolay
Published: January 2021

Mercury naturally occurs in gas and oil deposits in a wide range of concentrations covering six orders of magnitude: up to 5 mg/m3 in natural gas and up to 600 ppm (mg/kg) in crude oil. Mercury in hydrocarbons poses a number of technological and environmental problems: contamination of equipment and products with this extremely toxic element, poisoning of catalysts, and initiates intensive corrosion of technological equipment, thereby enhancing accident risk. Metal mercury causes rapid electrochemical corrosion of aluminum alloys (e.g., heat exchangers) and liquid metal embrittlement (LME) of steel leading to heavy accidents. The novel technology based on Zeeman atomic absorption spectroscopy enables rapid selective mercury determination in crude oil, gas condensate, naphtha and natural gas. Examples of the technology application for gas, oil and oil products are presented.
Laboratory simulation of carbon dioxide corrosion, influence of alloying elements and hydrochloric acid on the structure and protective properties of corrosion products
Authors: Kazadaev Dmitry
Published: January 2021

The paper considers the modeling of CO2-corrosion on chromium-containing steels 1-5%. Study of the protective properties of a layer of corrosion products on steels with a chromium content of 1-5% and the effect of periodic hydrochloric acid treatments.
Research of Supporting Ability and Prediction of Residual Life of Casing Pipes at General Corrosion Damage of Inner Surface
Authors: Fedorova Natalia , Dimitriadi Yulianna , Ryapolov Nikita
Published: January 2021

The detection and the measuring of the developing damages must be accompanied by evaluation of the supporting ability of the design in terms of the increasing size of a defect. If the type of damage is dominant one on the further period of the operation, so the received functional dependences can be used to predict a residual life of the designs. As illustrated by the casing pipes of 168.3 mm diameter, where the dominant damage is the general corrosion of the inner surface, the algorithm to receive the expression for the calculation of coefficients of the lowering of the supporting ability to the excessive inner pressure in the function of the nominal thickness of pipes wall and corrosion depth is shown. The algorithm of the application of the received expression to calculate the residual life of the damaged casing pipes is given.
Performance of Protective Coatings for Aluminum Alloys in the Operating Conditions of Oil Production Equipment
Authors: Shvetsov Oleg , Kondrat’ev Sergey
Published: January 2021

The paper investigates wear resistance and corrosion resistance of protective coatings of D16 aluminum alloy under conditions that simulate operation of drill pipes. The paper also presents microstructure of coatings, electrochemical potential and corrosion rate of D16 aluminum alloy with various coatings. We evaluated adhesion and wear resistance of these coatings. D16 alloy with a tungsten carbide coating has the widest range of service properties and can be used to effectively protect the surface of aluminum drill pipes during operation operation.
Welding of pipes in fixed position with internal anti-corrosion protection of joints
Authors: Bogomazova Elena , Ziyatdinova Irina , Aiduganov Dmitriy , Pershina Anna , Anikeyev Alexey
Published: January 2021

The article reviews the weldability of clad steel used for protection of inner surface of oil-and-gas pipelines from corrosion by different welding materials. It is indicated that during welding of the root pass by stainless electrodes in one pass the transition structures appear on the interface of two dissimelar metals. This process leads to the formaion of cracks. To reduce negative impact of the transition structures on the characteristics of welded joints it is recommended to weld the first two passes with strainless electrodes.
Determinants of Technical In-efficiencies in Swamp Rice Farming - Ciamis District, Indonesia
Authors: Yuniawan Isyanto Agus , Sudrajat Sudrajat , Nurdin Yusuf Muhamad
Published: January 2021

Rice farming in swamps, a marginal land, has a relatively high risk related to the level of technical efficiency. This research was conducted with the aim of identifying the level of technical efficiency and the influence factors of technical inefficiency in Lakbok Subdistrict, Ciamis District, Indonesia. Simple random sampling was used with a sample size of 41 farmers. The analysis was carried out using a stochastic frontier function. The results showed that the average level of technical efficiency was 0.78. Education and family size have a significant effect on technical inefficiency.
Chemical Characteristics and Viability of Starter Cultures of Freeze–Dried Sweet Potato Extract–Supplemented Synbiotic Yogurt
Authors: Intan Niken Tari Agustina , Budi Handayani Catur , Hartati Sri , Damat Damat , Stankeviča Karina
Published: January 2021

The research aimed to determine the sucrose concentration as a cryoprotectant to obtain the chemical properties and the viability of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) and Lactobasillus plantarum in the synbiotic yogurt. It adopted a one–factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD) by including sucrose in concentrations from 0 %, 2.5 %, 5 % to 7.5 %, three replications. The results showed various sucrose concentrations significantly affected the yields of the purple sweet potato extract– supplemented synbiotic yogurt, reduction–sugar level, the total of LAB, and the total of L. plantarum before and after the freeze–drying process, no significant impact on the moisture content and total quantity of LAB. The best treatment of the synbiotic yogurt was induced through the addition of sucrose with a concentration of 5 % as a cryoprotectant. The treatment signified the following characteristics: 14.797 % of yields, 7.51 % of water content, 14.59 % of reduction–sugar level, 1.98 × 109 CFU mL–1 of total LAB before the freeze–drying and 9.28 × 108 CFU mL–1 after the freeze–drying, 8.23 × 108 CFU mL–1 of total L. plantarum before the freeze–drying and 6.81 × 108 CFU mL–1 after the freeze–drying.
The Technical Design Concept of Hi-Tech Cook Stove for Urban Communities using Non-Wood Agricultural Waste as Fuel Sources
Authors: Yandri Erkata , Novianto Bangun , Fridolini Fridolini , Hendroko Setyabudi Roy , Wibowo Haryo , Krido Wahono Satriyo , Abdullah Kamaruddin , Purba Washington , Adhi Nugroho Yogo
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study is to conceptualize an urban Hi-Tech Cook-Stove (HTCS) design using agricultural waste. Several steps need to be carried out. First, determine the cooking activities depend on the family size and food categories. Second, calculate the energy required for cooking. Third, determine the mass of biomass fuel required. Fourth, calculate the fuel consumption rate. Fifth, design the dimensions of the stove by considering the ergonomics, easy in manufacturing, installation, etc. Sixth, estimate the volume of each component. The result shows that the fuel supply must adjust the flow rate of fuel, air to fuel ratio controlled by a simple mechanical-electric compressor, monitor the combustion chamber visually/automatically, and the dust must be collected/disposed of automatically/mechanically. HTCS must consider the pellets from the higher heating value and faster of biomass with a certain composition of chopped and fibre, also the safety and comfort, such as overheating control, air exhaust control, combustion control, cooling control. For the future, the HTCS technical design concept must be integrated with the electricity and hot water from solar energy by using a hybrid photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) collector and urban biogas digester in the development of smart grids and smart cities.
Design of Rotary Dryer for Sand Drying using Biomass Energy Sources
Authors: Susanto Herry , Hendroko Setyobudi Roy , Sugiyanto Didik , Chan Yefri , Yandri Erkata , Krido Wahono Satriyo , Abdullah Kamaruddin , Burlakovs Juris , Widodo Wahyu , Adhi Nugroho Yogo , Yaro Abubakar
Published: January 2021

Hebel brick is used in making the walls of the house. One of the materials used in making hebel bricks is sand. The water content of the sand will affect the quality of the hebel bricks. The less water content in the sand, the better the quality of hebel bricks. In order to get sand with a little water content, it is necessary to do the drying process. To overcome this problem, a rotary dryer for sand drying using renewable energy, particular biomass energy sources was designed. It can be placed in a sand quarry near a river or near a beach. It is designed to have the ability to dry the wet sand by putting it in a rotary dryer, making this drying system usable both in sunny and rainy conditions. The drying process can take place continuously using heat from biomass energy. The heat is produced from the combustion process in the biomass furnace and then distributed to the rotary dryer. The advantage of this rotary dryer system could be done continuously with a little human power. Moreover, from these calculations can be analyzed the performance of this rotary dryer machine, to determine the suitability between design calculations and test results.
Conceptual Design of Inventory Analysis Software to Support the Life Cycle Assessment in Palm Oil Production
Authors: Siregar Kiman , Supriyanto Supriyanto , Saka Rani Devitra , Nurdiansyah Yanuar , Wijayanto Feri
Published: January 2021

Life cycle assessment is a quantitative method to analyze the environmental impact that consists of four main activities: goal and scope definition, life cycle inventory, life cycle impact assessment, and interpretation. The application of the life cycle in palm oil industry are very important and already conducted by many researchers. However, the most difficult task in life cycle assessment are the life cycle inventory. In this research, this study proposed the software to support the life cycle inventory in palm oil production. The result of the study was the conceptual design of the life cycle inventory software.
Hydrolysis of Cellulose from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch using Aspergillus niger
Authors: Sugiwati Sri , Suaidah Suaidah , Triwahyuni Eka , Muryanto Muryanto , Andriani Yosie , Abimanyu Haznan
Published: January 2021

Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) constitutes a great source of lignocellulosic biomass, mainly comprising of 66.97 % of holocellulose (cellulose and hemicellulose) and 24.45 % of lignin. This present work aimed to hydrolyze cellulose present in OPEFB to form glucose with the aid of Aspergillus niger. A. niger is a type of filamentous fungi able to produce cellulase, a multi-enzyme complex consisting of an endoglucanase, exoglucanase, and β-glucosidase, able to converting cellulose into glucose. The glucose produced is then fermented to produce bioethanol. The present study compared hydrolytic activity of cellulose between OPEFB with pretreatment using NaOH 10 % and OPEFB without pretreatment, concerning temperature, pH, and hydrolysis time. The concentration of reducing sugar derived from cellulosic hydrolysis was determined by using a glucose assay of 3.5-dinitrosalicylic acid. The results showed that the optimum temperature for hydrolysis of cellulose OPEFB (pretreated and untreated) was at 40 °C and the optimum pH was 5.0 for OPEFB-untreated and 5.5 for OPEFB-pretreated. Hydrolysis of cellulose at 40 °C and 3 d yielded reducing sugar 13.01 mg mL−1 and 1.16 mg mL−1 for OPEFB-untreated and OPEFB-pretreated, respectively.