bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Continuous quantum light from a dark atom
Authors: Tolazzi Karl Nicolas , Wang Bo , Ianzano Christopher , Neumeier Jonas , Villas-Boas Celso Jorge , Rempe Gerhard
Published: March 2021

Cycling processes are important in many areas of physics ranging from lasers to topological insulators, often offering surprising insights into dynamical and structural aspects of the respective system. Here we report on a quantum-nonlinear wave-mixing experiment where resonant lasers and an optical cavity define a closed cycle between several ground and excited states of a single atom. We show that, for strong atom–cavity coupling and steady-state driving, the entanglement between the atomic states and intracavity photon number suppresses the excited-state population via quantum interference, effectively reducing the cycle to the atomic ground states. The system dynamics then result from transitions within a harmonic ladder of entangled dark states, one for each cavity photon number, and a quantum Zeno blockade that generates antibunching in the photons emitted from the cavity. The reduced cycle suppresses unwanted optical pumping into atomic states outside the cycle, thereby enhancing the number of emitted photons.
Thermodynamic model for lattice point defect-mediated semi-coherent precipitation in alloys
Authors: Nastar Maylise , Belkacemi Lisa T. , Meslin Estelle , Loyer-Prost Marie
Published: March 2021

The formation of precipitates with an atomic volume different from their parent phase eventually leads to a loss of the lattice continuity at the matrix–precipitate interface. Here, we show the creation or removal of lattice sites mediated by lattice point defects is an accommodation mechanism of the coherency loss and even a precipitation driving force. We introduce a thermodynamic approach that rationalizes the selection of phases resulting from chemical and crystallographic constraints in relation to point defect properties. The resulting semi-coherent phase diagram and the precipitation kinetic model depend on the equilibrium phase diagram, the eigenstrain of the precipitating phase, and the chemical potential of point defects. From a joint experimental and modeling study, we uncover the prominent role of excess point defects in unforeseen phase transformations of the Fe–Ni metallic system under irradiation. By addressing the fundamental role of lattice point defects in the accommodation mechanisms of precipitation, we provide a step torwards the understanding of semi-coherent phase transformations occurring in solid materials upon synthesis and in use.
Quantum magnetoconductivity characterization of interface disorder in indium-tin-oxide films on fused silica
Authors: Look David C. , Leedy Kevin D. , Santia Marco D. , Badescu Stefan C.
Published: March 2021

Disorder arising from random locations of charged donors and acceptors introduces localization and diffusive motion that can lead to constructive electron interference and positive magnetoconductivity. At very low temperatures, 3D theory predicts that the magnetoconductivity is independent of temperature or material properties, as verified for many combinations of thin-films and substrates. Here, we find that this prediction is apparently violated if the film thickness d is less than about 300 nm. To investigate the origin of this apparent violation, the magnetoconductivity was measured at temperatures T = 15 – 150 K in ten, Sn-doped In2O3 films with d = 13 – 292 nm, grown by pulsed laser deposition on fused silica. We observe a very strong thickness dependence which we explain by introducing a theory that postulates a second source of disorder, namely, non-uniform interface-induced defects whose number decreases exponentially with the interface distance. This theory obeys the 3D limit for the thickest samples and yields a natural figure of merit for interface disorder. It can be applied to any degenerate semiconductor film on any semi-insulating substrate.
Re-examining rates of lithium-ion battery technology improvement and cost decline
Authors: Ziegler Micah S. , Trancik Jessika E.
Published: March 2021

We examine how quickly lithium-ion technologies have improved and find that previous metrics can underestimate improvement rates for stationary storage applications.
Can sustainable ammonia synthesis pathways compete with fossil-fuel based Haber–Bosch processes?
Authors: Wang Miao , Khan Mohd A. , Mohsin Imtinan , Wicks Joshua , Ip Alexander H. , Sumon Kazi Z. , Dinh Cao-Thang , Sargent Edward H. , Gates Ian D. , Kibria Md Golam
Published: March 2021

This analysis presents system level analysis of three stages along the transition towards sustainable synthesis of ammonia.
Emerging investigator series: automated single-nanoparticle quantification and classification: a holistic study of particles into and out of wastewater treatment plants in Switzerland
Authors: Mehrabi Kamyar , Kaegi Ralf , Günther Detlef , Gundlach-Graham Alexander
Published: March 2021

High-throughput single-particle ICP-TOFMS analyses are used to quantify and classify diverse metal nanoparticle types from wastewater treatment plant samples.
Copper–CNT interfacing with Cu-doped polydopamine in CNT carpet: copper nucleation and resistance decrease upon soft annealing
Authors: Duhain Antoine , Guillot Jérôme , Lamblin Guillaume , Lenoble Damien
Published: March 2021

The annealing of carpets of CNT coated with Cu-doped polydopamine lowers the carpets sheet resistance and induces the reduction of Cu ions into metallic Cu particles nucleating at the CNT surface.
Simple and sensitive colorimetric sensors for the selective detection of Cu(ii)
Authors: Liu Meifang , Wang Kequan , Wang Hanlu , Lu Jie , Xu Shukang , Zhao Lulu , Wang Xilong , Du Junming
Published: March 2021

Cu(ii) ion with L led to a rapid and sensitive color change from colorless to yellow.
Flexible pressure sensors with high pressure sensitivity and low detection limit using a unique honeycomb-designed polyimide/reduced graphene oxide composite aerogel
Authors: Xu Qiang , Chang Xinhao , Zhu Zhendong , Xu Lin , Chen Xianchun , Luo Longbo , Liu Xiangyang , Qin Jiaqiang
Published: March 2021

The polyimide (PI)/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) aerogel sensors possess unique large aspect ratio honeycomb structure, which exhibits superelastic and excellent sensing performance.
Oxygen-deficient TiO2 and carbon coupling synergistically boost the activity of Ru nanoparticles for the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Wei Zhongzhe , Zhao Zijiang , Wang Jing , Zhou Qiang , Zhao Chenxia , Yao Zihao , Wang Jianguo
Published: March 2021

Ru nanoparticles/oxygen-deficient TiO2@carbon nanocomposites are efficiently fabricated via one-pot pyrolysis. TiO2-VO and carbon narrow the band gap, optimize ΔGH2O and ΔGH* and synergistically boost the activity of Ru for the alkaline HER.
Development of mesoporous silica-based nanoprobes for optical bioimaging applications
Authors: Sun Bo , Zhen Xu , Jiang Xiqun
Published: March 2021

This review mainly introduced the MSNs-based nanoprobes forin vivobioimaging applications including fluorescence imaging and photoacoustic imaging.
Explanation for the conductivity difference of half-Heusler transparent conductors via ionization energy
Authors: Zhong Mi , Zeng Wei , Liu Fu-Sheng , Tang Bin , Liu Qi-Jun
Published: March 2021

Ionization energies (EI) are calculated to identify the acceptor and donor levels and explain the conductivity difference.
Cyclopalladation of a ferrocene acylphosphine and the reactivity of the C–H activated products
Authors: Vosáhlo Petr , Schulz Jiří , Císařová Ivana , Štěpnička Petr
Published: March 2021

The synthesis and orthopalladation of the first tertiary ferrocene acylphosphine, FcC(O)PPh2, are reported along with the results of extensive reactivity studies with the palladated compounds and the detailed structural characterisation of the products.
Modelling biocompatible ionic liquids based on organic acids and amino acids: challenges for computational models and future perspectives
Authors: Bodo Enrico
Published: March 2021

From isolated molecules to the bulk phase: building models of biocompatible ionic liquids.
Electron belt-to-σ-hole switch of noncovalently bound iodine(i) atoms in dithiocarbamate metal complexes
Authors: Zelenkov Lev E. , Eliseeva Anastasiya A. , Baykov Sergey V. , Suslonov Vitalii V. , Galmés Bartomeu , Frontera Antonio , Kukushkin Vadim Yu. , Ivanov Daniil M. , Bokach Nadezhda A.
Published: March 2021

The nature of metals in the isostructural series of dithiocarbamate complexes affects the electron belt-to-σ-hole switch of noncovalently bound iodine(i) leading to either semicoordination, or halogen bonding.
A microporous shp-topology metal–organic framework with an unprecedented high-nuclearity Co10-cluster for iodine capture and histidine detection
Authors: Wu Kun , Huang Yong-Liang , Zheng Ji , Luo Dong , Xie Mo , Li Yan Yan , Lu Weigang , Li Dan
Published: March 2021

A microporous shp-topology metal–organic framework (JNU-200) constructed with 12-connected high-nuclearity Co10-cluster and 4-connected carboxylate ligand for iodine capture and histidine detection.
Iron-catalyzed para-selective C–H silylation of benzamide derivatives with chlorosilanes
Authors: Liu Pei , Hao Na , Yang Dong , Wan Lingyun , Wang Tianyi , Zhang Tao , Zhou Rui , Cong Xuefeng , Kong Jie
Published: March 2021

This paper developed the para-selective silylation of benzamide derivatives with chlorosilanes using FeCl2 catalysis.
Flexible poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)-based gel polymer electrolyte for high-performance lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Zhang Pan , Li Rui , Huang Jian , Liu Boyu , Zhou Mingjiong , Wen Bizheng , Xia Yonggao , Okada Shigeto
Published: March 2021

Gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) have attracted ever-increasing attention in Li-ion batteries, due to their great thermal stability and excellent electrochemical performance.
Self-assembly of corn-like Co3O4 from nanoparticles induced by graphene wrinkles and its application in lithium ion batteries
Authors: Zhang Xiaoting , Liu Chengcheng , Wang Rui
Published: March 2021

High density corn-like Co3O4/graphene hybrid materials prepared through self-assembly induced by graphene wrinkles are developed for lithium ion batteries.
Development and demonstration of functionalized inorganic–organic hybrid copper phosphate nanoflowers for mimicking the oxidative reactions of metalloenzymes by working as a nanozyme
Authors: Nag Rahul , Rao Chebrolu Pulla
Published: March 2021

Inorganic–organic hybrid Cu3(PO4)2 nanoflowers coated with aromatic derivatives of phenonthroline shows oxidase and peroxidase mimetic activity. relevant to the copper enzymes and is dependent upon the size of the aromatic moiety present in it.
Regulating force-resistance and acid-responsiveness of pure organics with persistent phosphorescence via simple isomerization
Authors: Liu Yan , Ma Zhimin , Cheng Xin , Qian Chen , Liu Jianwei , Zhang Xue , Chen Mingxing , Jia Xinru , Ma Zhiyong
Published: March 2021

Four new D–A–A’ type molecules show intense long-lived phosphorescence with a lifetime over 500 ms. Moreover, four isomers show well resistance to external force and demonstrate distinctive acid-responsiveness.
T cells: a dedicated effector kinase pathways for every trait?
Authors: Bahl Kriti , Roose Jeroen P.
Published: March 2021

Signaling pathways play critical roles in regulating the activation of T cells. Recognition of foreign peptide presented by MHC to the T cell receptor (TCR) triggers a signaling cascade of proximal kinases and adapter molecules that lead to the activation of Effector kinase pathways. These effector kinase pathways play pivotal roles in T cell activation, differentiation, and proliferation. RNA sequencing-based methods have provided insights into the gene expression programs that support the above-mentioned cell biological responses. The proteome is often overlooked. A recent study by Damasio et al. [Biochem. J. (2021) 478, 79–98. doi:10.1042/BCJ20200661] focuses on characterizing the effect of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) on the remodeling of the proteome of activated CD8+ T cells using Mass spectrometric analysis. Surprisingly, the Effector kinase ERK pathway is responsible for only a select proportion of the proteome that restructures during T cell activation. The primary targets of ERK signaling are transcription factors, cytokines, and cytokine receptors. In this commentary, we discuss the recent findings by Damasio et al. [Biochem. J. (2021) 478, 79–98. doi:10.1042/BCJ20200661] in the context of different Effector kinase pathways in activated T cells.
The Early Development of Emotional Competence Profile: A Means to Share Information About Emotional Status and Expression by Children With Complex Communication Needs
Authors: Rangel-Rodríguez Gabriela A. , Martín Mar Badia , Blanch Sílvia , Wilkinson Krista M.
Published: March 2021

Purpose

This clinical focus article introduces a summary profile template, called the
Early Development of Emotional Competence Profile
(EDEC-P). This profile distills information from a longer interview tool that solicits a detailed case history (the EDEC), but in a format that is readily accessible for communication partners of children with complex communication needs, including parents, educators, and other professionals.

Method

In this clinical focus article, we will (a) introduce the EDEC-P structure, (b) illustrate via case examples the types of information that can be shared, and (c) offer preliminary feedback from parents and other professionals on its usefulness. We will review literature that supports the importance of scaffolding communication about emotions by specialists who work with children with complex communication needs and by parents and other communication partners.

Results

An EDEC-P was generated for two participants as an illustration of the process. Feedback was solicited from these children's parents and other communication partners. The feedback demonstrated that the EDEC-P was viewed as a positive tool and identified some of the ways that it might be used.

Conclusions

The EDEC-P may be useful for professionals who are interested in approaching communication about emotions in children with complex communication needs. Guidelines are proposed to present and discuss the results from the interview to support the decision-making process in the clinical practice and next steps in research.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14219777
Comparative high-resolution spectroscopy of M dwarfs: Exploring non-LTE effects
Authors: Olander T. , Heiter U. , Kochukhov O.
Published: March 2021

Context.M dwarfs are key targets for high-resolution spectroscopy and model atmosphere analyses because of the high incidence of these stars in the solar neighbourhood and their importance as exoplanetary hosts. Several methodological challenges make such analyses difficult, leading to significant discrepancies in the published results.

Aims.The aim of our work is to compare M dwarf parameters derived by recent high-resolution near-infrared studies with each other and with fundamental stellar parameters. We also assess to what extent deviations from local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) for iron and potassium influence the outcome of these studies.

Methods.We carry out line formation calculations based on a modern model atmosphere grid appropriate for M dwarfs along with a synthetic spectrum synthesis code that treats formation of atomic and molecular lines in cool-star atmospheres including departures from LTE. We use near-infrared spectra collected with the CRIRES instrument at the ESO VLT as reference observational data.

Results.We find that the effective temperatures obtained with spectroscopic techniques in different studies mostly agree to better than 100 K and are mostly consistent with the fundamental temperatures derived from interferometric radii and bolometric fluxes. At the same time, much worse agreement in the surface gravities and metallicities is evident. Significant discrepancies in the latter parameters appear when results of the studies based on the optical and near-infrared observations are intercompared. We demonstrate that non-LTE effects are negligible for Fe Iin M-dwarf atmospheres but are important for K I, which has a number of strong lines in the near-infrared spectra of these stars. These effects, leading to potassium abundance and metallicity corrections on the order of 0.2 dex, may be responsible for some of the discrepancies in the published analyses. Differences in the temperature–pressure structures of the atmospheric models may be another factor contributing to the deviations between the spectroscopic studies, in particular at low metallicities and high effective temperatures.

Conclusions.High-resolution spectroscopic studies of M dwarfs are yet to reach the level of consistency and reproducibility typical of similar investigations of FGK stars. Attention should be given to details of the line formation physics as well as input atomic and molecular data. Collecting high-quality spectra with a wide wavelength coverage of M dwarfs with known fundamental parameters is an essential step in benchmarking spectroscopic parameter determination of low-mass stars.
Effect of slag composition on desulfurization during recycling rejected electrolytic manganese metal by electroslag remelting
Authors: Liu Yu , Li Guangqiang , Wang Qiang , Lu Ru , Wang Xijie , Tian Yufeng
Published: March 2021

To reduce the Mn vaporization during recycling rejected electrolytic manganese metal by electroslag remelting, it is proposed to reduce the temperature of molten slag pool, but which leads to the degradation of slag desulfurization. The desulfurization by interaction between CaF2–CaO–Al2O3–Na2O slag and rejected electrolytic manganese metal scrap was studied from the view of thermodynamics in this study. The results show that sulfur distribution ratio decreases with increase of CaF2 content, and increases with the increase of Na2O content and temperature. Na2O increases sulfur distribution ratio of slag by increasing CaO activity. Na2O addition in CaF2–CaO–Al2O3–Na2O slag can enhance desulfurization ability of slag due to the larger sulfur distribution ratio and lower viscosity. Thus, sulfur content in test of slag T3 bearing 45.8 wt% CaF2-23.2 wt% CaO-22.7 wt% Al2O3-8.3 wt% Na2O is much lower than that of slag without Na2O, implying that 45.8 wt% CaF2-23.2 wt% CaO-22.7 wt% Al2O3-8.3 wt%Na2O slag is the promising slag for recycling rejected electrolytic manganese metal by ESR.
Nucleated Red Blood Cells as Markers of Perinatal Adaptation in Preterm Neonates Receiving Minimally Invasive Surfactant Therapy
Authors: Nitzan Itamar , Roberts Calum T. , Bhatia Risha , Mimouni Francis B. , Sehgal Arvind
Published: March 2021

Objective The study aimed to assess the association of nucleated red blood cells (NRBC), a surrogate of intrauterine hypoxia, and elevated pulmonic vascular resistance (E-PVR) and oxygen requirement after minimally invasive surfactant therapy (MIST).

Study Design Retrospective study of a cohort of preterm neonates that received MIST in a single unit.

Results NRBC were measured in 65 of 75 (87%) neonates administered MIST during the period. In total, 22 of 65 (34%) infants had pre-MIST echocardiography (ECHO).

Neonates with elevated NRBC (predefined as >5 × 109/L, n = 16) required higher post-MIST fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) than neonates with normal NRBC (<1 × 109/L, n = 17; FiO2 = 0.31 ± 0.10 and 0.24 ± 0.04, respectively, p = 0.02).

NRBC correlated positively with % of time in right to left ductal shunt (r = 0.51, p = 0.052) and inversely with right ventricular stroke volume (r = −0.55, p = 0.031) and time to peak velocity to right ventricular ejection time ratio (r = −0.62, p < 0.001).

Conclusion Elevated NRBC are associated with elevated FiO2 after MIST and elevated E-PVR. Intrauterine hypoxia may impact postnatal circulatory adaptations and oxygen requirement.

Key Points
Ferroionic inversion of spin polarization in a spin-memristor
Authors: Rouco V. , Gallego F. , Hernandez-Martin D. , Sanchez-Manzano D. , Tornos J. , Beltran J. I. , Cabero M. , Cuellar F. , Arias D. , Sanchez-Santolino G. , Mompean F. J. , Garcia-Hernandez M. , Rivera-Calzada A. , Varela M. , Muñoz M. C. , Leon C. , Sefrioui Z. , Santamaria J.
Published: March 2021

Magnetoelectric coupling in artificial multiferroic interfaces can be drastically affected by the switching of oxygen vacancies and by the inversion of the ferroelectric polarization. Disentangling both effects is of major importance toward exploiting these effects in practical spintronic or spinorbitronic devices. We report on the independent control of ferroelectric and oxygen vacancy switching in multiferroic tunnel junctions with a La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 bottom electrode, a BaTiO3 ferroelectric barrier, and a Ni top electrode. We show that the concurrence of interface oxidation and ferroelectric switching allows for the controlled inversion of the interface spin polarization. Moreover, we show the possibility of a spin-memristor where the controlled oxidation of the interface allows for a continuum of memresistance states in the tunneling magnetoresistance. These results signal interesting new avenues toward neuromorphic devices where, as in practical neurons, the electronic response is controlled by electrochemical degrees of freedom.
Dual-cluster model of Ti–Cu binary eutectic and composition interpretation of relevant amorphous alloys
Authors: Dong Dandan , Cao Zhiming , Han Guang , Dong Chuang
Published: March 2021

Glass formation is usually related to deep eutectic points. The present work addresses the composition interpretation of eutectic Ti57Cu43 and relevant bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) by introducing the “dual-cluster” model. In this model, the eutectic liquid structure is presumably composed of two chemical units derived from relevant eutectic phases, each corresponding to a stable liquid satisfying a general cluster formula for ideal metallic glasses [cluster](glue atom)1or3 in terms of the cluster-plus-glue-atom model. Detailed procedures are introduced to apply this model in interpreting the eutectics, based on which eutectic Ti57Cu43 is interpreted as dual-cluster formulas of 2{[Ti–Cu6Ti8]Cu3} + [Ti–Cu5Ti9]Ti3 and 2{[Ti–Cu6Ti8]Cu2Ti} + [Ti–Cu5Ti9]Cu2Ti, where the two clusters [Ti–Cu6Ti8] and [Ti–Cu5Ti9] are, respectively, derived from eutectic phases TiCu and Ti2Cu. Two interpretations are equivalent, and one of the involved chemical units [Ti–Cu6Ti8]Cu3 = Ti50Cu50 is a basic unit for multicomponent Ti–Cu-based BMGs; typical BMGs are formed by replacing the atoms in the basic unit with alloying ones.
Seeing the true colours: three new species of
Authors: Iturralde Giuly G. , Allgayer Heloísa , Valiati Victor H. , Leal-Zanchet Ana M.
Published: March 2021

The genus Obama Carbayo, Álvarez-Presas, Olivares, Marques, Froehlich & Riutort, 2013 currently comprises 41 species, most of them from Brazilian rainforests. This study describes three new species, viz. Obama autumna sp. nov., Obama leticiae sp. nov. and Obama aureolineata sp. nov., from remnants of Mixed Ombrophilous Forest in southern Brazil, based on an integrative approach and analyses their relationships within the genus. Obama autumna and O. aureolineata show distinctive colour patterns, contrasting yellow and black, which is unusual in species of the genus. The three species can be easily distinguished from their congeners by their external features and a combination of anatomical characteristics, such as the pharyngeal shape, shape and arrangement of the prostatic vesicle and anatomy of the penis papilla. The morphological hypotheses are corroborated by three species delimitation methods (ABGD, PTP and GMYC) and by phylogenetic analysis of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene using maximum likelihood estimation and Bayesian inference. Furthermore, our phylogenetic analyses point out that Obama may be subdivided into three main clades, containing a variable number of well supported groups, the relationships of which remain unresolved. Obama autumna belongs to a distinct clade in relation to O. aureolineata and O. leticiae. Obama aureolineata belongs to one of the well supported groups, having a close relationship with O. apeva. Obama autumna may be more closely related to O. anthropophila and O. decidualis and O. leticiae to O. braunsi. However, the low nodal support does not allow the phylogenetic relationships of these species to be clearly established. We discuss morphological knowledge gaps in Obama, as well as issues regarding analyses based on molecular markers, which should be addressed to clarify relationships within the genus. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9EE7316D-F0BE-49EC-BBFD-5687952D6592
An expansion of well tempered gravity
Authors: Linder Eric V. , Appleby Stephen
Published: March 2021

When faced with two nigh intractable problems in cosmology
— how to remove the original cosmological constant problem and how
to parametrize modified gravity to explain current cosmic
acceleration — we can make progress by counterposing them. The
well tempered solution to the cosmological constant through
degenerate scalar field dynamics also relates disparate Horndeski
gravity terms, making them contrapuntal. We derive the connection
between the kinetic term K and braiding term G3 for shift
symmetric theories (including the running Planck mass G4),
extending previous work on monomial or binomial dependence to
polynomials of arbitrary finite degree. We also exhibit an example
for an infinite series expansion. This contrapuntal condition
greatly reduces the number of parameters needed to test modified
gravity against cosmological observations, for these "golden"
theories of gravity.
Degradation of β-Ga2O3 Schottky barrier diode under swift heavy ion irradiation*
Authors: Ai Wen-Si , Liu Jie , Feng Qian , Zhai Peng-Fei , Hu Pei-Pei , Zeng Jian , Zhang Sheng-Xia , Li Zong-Zhen , Liu Li , Yan Xiao-Yu , Sun You-Mei
Published: March 2021

The electrical characteristics and microstructures of β-Ga2O3 Schottky barrier diode (SBD) devices irradiated with swift heavy ions (2096 MeV Ta ions) have been studied. It was found that β-Ga2O3 SBD devices showed the reliability degradation after irradiation, including turn-on voltage V
on, on-resistance R
on, ideality factor n, and the reverse leakage current density J
r. In addition, the carrier concentration of the drift layer was decreased significantly and the calculated carrier removal rates were 5 × 106–1.3 × 107 cm−1. Latent tracks induced by swift heavy ions were observed visually in the whole β-Ga2O3 matrix. Furthermore, crystal structure of tracks was amorphized completely. The latent tracks induced by Ta ions bombardments were found to be the reason for the decrease in carrier mobility and carrier concentration. Eventually, these defects caused the degradation of electrical characteristics of the devices. In terms of the carrier removal rates, the β-Ga2O3 SBD devices were more sensitive to swift heavy ions irradiation than SiC and GaN devices.
Mid-infrared supercontinuum and optical frequency comb generations in a multimode tellurite photonic crystal fiber*
Authors: Han Xu , Han Ying , Mei Chao , Guan Jing-Zhao , Wang Yan , Gong Lin , Yuan Jin-Hui , Yu Chong-Xiu
Published: March 2021

We numerically investigate the mid-infrared (MIR) supercontinuum (SC) and SC-based optical frequency comb (OFC) generations when the three optical modes (LP01, LP02, and LP12) are considered in a multimode tellurite photonic crystal fiber (MM-TPCF). The geometrical parameters of the MM-TPCF are optimized to support the multimode propagation and obtain the desired dispersion characteristics of the considered three optical modes. When the pump pulse with center wavelength λ = 2.5 μm, width T = 80 fs, and peak power P = 18 kW is coupled into the anomalous dispersion region of the LP01, LP02, and LP12 modes of the MM-TPCF, the –40-dB bandwidth of the generated MIR SCs can be up to 2.56, 1.39, and 1.12 octaves, respectively, along with good coherence. Moreover, the nonlinear dynamics of the generated SCs are analyzed. Finally, the MIR SCs-based OFCs are demonstrated when a train of 50 pulses at 1-GHz repetition rate is used as the pump source and launched into the MM-TPCF.
Non-monotonic temperature evolution of nonlocal structure–dynamics correlation in CuZr glass-forming liquids*
Authors: Jiang W J , Li M Z
Published: March 2021

The structure–dynamics correlations in a nonlocal manner were investigated in CuZr metallic glass-forming liquids via classical molecular dynamics simulations. A spatial coarse-graining approach was employed to incorporate the nonlocal structural information of given structural order parameters in the structure–dynamics relationship. It is found that the correlation between structure order parameters and dynamics increases with increasing coarse-graining length and has a characteristic length scale. Moreover, the characteristic correlation length exhibits a non-monotonic temperature evolution as temperature approaches glass transition temperature, which is not sensitive to the considered structure order parameters. Our results unveil a striking change in the structure–dynamics correlation, which involves no fitting theoretical interpretation. These findings provide new insight into the structure–dynamics correlation in glass transition.
A pilot study on waste management services for Mixed Density Housing Scheme. Case study: Section 7, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
Authors: Abd Khair Mohammad Syahir Aiman , Ahmad Puziah
Published: March 2021

The rapid growth of population in urban areas resulted in a higher amount of waste generated yearly. According to the Solid Waste Management and Public Cleansing Corporation (SWCorp), in 2018, Malaysians generated 38, 142 tonnes of waste per day with an average of 0.83 kg/capita/day for a household in the urban area. Malaysia, with a population of 32.4 million, 76% of the entire population are living in urban areas (Department of Statistic, 2018), this figure is worrying. This pilot study explores and evaluates the perspectives of governance on waste management processes and practices for urban residents; in a mixed density housing scheme. A survey was conducted on 30 respondents of a mixed density housing scheme in Section 7, Shah Alam, Selangor. The data then analysed through reliability test analysis. There were four (4) key variables being put forward for this study; services and practices, socio-economic and well-being, stakeholders and environment. The result of the analysis has found out that, the variables for waste management services for mixed density housing scheme are reliable with the respondent’s feedback. However, some questions are not compatible to be analysed in parallel with other questions.
Carbon dioxide emissions and institutional factors in developing nations: An application of the GMM technique
Authors: Jalil Siti Ayu , Wan Mohamed Wan Mazlina
Published: March 2021

Thirty-seven (37) industrialized countries are committed to cut greenhouse gases by 5.2% over a period since 2008-2012. However, understanding the needs of developing countries and their commitment towards social and economic development goals, UNFCCC has somehow adopted a principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities Economic activities are fundamentally linked to economic growth which is much needed in these nations, thus the parties allow them to grow to meet their ends. But this does not mean the countries should not be responsible for their action. These nations signatory to the Kyoto Protocol has also demanded them to put effort to cut carbon emissions. This study employed a dynamic panel data model that based on the Arellano and Bond Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) technique to investigate the impact of the Kyoto Protocol and four institutional factors political stability, property rights, corruption and freedom of trade on per capita CO2 emissions in 126-developing nations. Three determinants i.e. Kyoto Commitment, Kyoto Clean Development Mechanism and freedom of trade were found to have negative significant effect on CO2 emissions. Thus, the empirical findings confirm that the three institutional factors are relevant in cutting the CO2 emission.
Cadmium Water Pollution Associated with Motor Vehicle Brake Parts
Authors: Talebzadeh Fatemeh , Valeo Caterina , Gupta Rishi
Published: March 2021

With increasing industrial growth, there is a greater need to understand factory production processes, the resulting products, and the pollution caused by the fabrication processes leading to these products. Cadmium (Cd) is used in the electro-less Nickel-Cadmium bath phase of the brake manufacturing process, which provides the brake coating that produces corrosion-resistant brake parts. During the operation, the friction created during braking corrodes the Cd layer and releases Cd particles into the environment. Cd particles can enter water bodies and drinking water supplies through stormwater runoff. This research will first examine Cd pollution associated with motor vehicle brake discs from cradle to grave. Following this comprehensive look into the role of Cd in the brake manufacturing process as well as Cd speciation in natural waters, three interventions are proposed to prevent Cd pollution associated with brake parts: (i) Carbon-reinforced silicon carbide as an alternative for metal based brake parts; (ii) bacteria “coating” instead of Cd coating; (iii) permeable roads that can effectively remove Cd from runoff with nearly 98% reduction. A discussion into the advantages and disadvantages of each proposition are provided with this presentation.
Comprehensive Pollution Analysis of Contaminated Sediment in an Urban River, China
Authors: Huang Senjun , Wei Jun , Ning Shunli , Fang Haifeng , Li Shiyi , Ye Shenghua , Zhou Xiaoyong
Published: March 2021

Sediment pollution has been one of the most serious water pollution problems in urban rivers, called the ‘autogenous pollution’, which has also caused critical ecological risk to river as well as surrounding environment. Therefore, quantitative analysis of sediment pollution is of great importance to come up with a treatment scheme. In this study, comprehensive pollution analysis of contaminants has been conducted for various vertical stratifications using 86 columnar samples with depth of 3∼4 m. Pollution assessments of organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, toxic substances and heavy metal elements were conducted. Then, the comprehensive pollution depths can be determined based on pollution assessment of each vertical layer, which shows that the maximum pollution depth can be up to 2.0 m, 3.0 m and 3.0 m for Reach A, Reach B and Reach C, respectively. The results has been used to determine the spatially changing thickness in environmental protection dredging in Maozhou River.
MSW in a Circular Economy: 2020 - 2035 Scenarios for the City of Oslo, Norway
Authors: Wang Liang , Becidan Michaël
Published: March 2021

The unfolding of Circular Economy principles will have consequences on the generation rate, amount, and composition of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) as well as the preferred methods to treat them. In this work, four plausible scenarios on the future of MSW for the period 2020 – 2035 have been developed for the City of Oslo, Norway. The scenario’s consequences on (1) MSW amounts and properties and (2) the treatment methods, i.e. Waste-to-Energy (WtE), material recycling and biogas production have been evaluated. The main results can be summarized as such: (1) the evolution of both population and consumption (i.e. waste generated per inhabitant) will have a large impact; (2) meeting EU material recovery target (65% for MSW in 2035) means that several waste fractions have to be recycled at high levels, and this will be challenging without significant logistical and/or treatment capacity changes and/or technological breakthroughs, (3) in 2 out of 4 scenarios, the biogas production capacity must be expanded with a new plant to reach the 65% recovery target, (4) a “business as usual” approach is not sufficient to reach the recovery targets, (5) the combustion properties of MSW to WtE will be affected by increasing recycling, probably towards lower energy contents and higher ash contents and (6) “what-if scenario” studies should be carried out at the city/regional level as specific constraints must be included to bring valuable information.
The Construction of Water-Sensitive Urban Design in the Context of Japan
Authors: Zhang Yajing , Shen Zhenjiang , Lin Yuming
Published: March 2021

Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) is a critical sustainable development theory in the urban water environment, which is attracting more and more attention worldwide. Meanwhile, as an island country, Japan attaches great importance to water resources and water environment, and have achieved fruitful result in urban water management. Based on the framework of WSUD, this research introduces Japan’s practical experience from the perspectives of water source protection, flood control, and waterfront space landscape, aiming to summarise Japan’s experience and provide a new perspective. By explaining the thoughts of water sensitivity design contained in Japanese practice, this research expands the scope of WSUD, provides a meaningful research framework for Japanese researchers, and provides compelling cases for researchers on water-sensitive design around the world.
Does the Energy Internet Improve the Efficiency of Resource Allocation? ---Theoretical Mechanism and Case Analysis
Authors: Long G Q , Li S
Published: March 2021

This paper analyzes the resource allocation effect of the Energy Internet through four theoretical analysis frameworks: Cournot model, time and space heterogeneity, information asymmetry, and structural upgrading. The study found that there are four path mechanisms for the Energy Internet to improve the effect of resource allocation: (1) Significantly increase the main body of energy supply and increase the level of market competition; (2) Distributed power and storage technology optimize the space-time allocation; (3) Information sharing, Reduce information asymmetry and improve the efficiency of resource allocation; (4) Advocate clean replacement and promote the upgrading of energy structure. Combining the case verification mechanism of Tianjin Sino-Singapore Eco-City, and presenting policy implications.
Forecast of China’s Future Nuclear Energy Development and Nuclear Safety Management Talents Development
Authors: Xiao-ding LI , Yun-huan QU , Li-hui ZHANG , Yu GONG , Yi-man DONG , Guang-hui LI
Published: March 2021

Firstly analyzes the global energy development, analyzes the impact of carbon emission reduction on the global energy structure, and forecasts the future energy demand and nuclear energy development prospects in the future (by 2040). The growth rate will be higher than the average growth rate of energy; China is one of the countries with the strongest growth in nuclear energy. Then analyzes China primary energy production and consumption, the conclusion is that the absolute production and consumption of non-fossil energy is steadily increasing year by year. According to China’s “Two centenary goals” development goals and future global energy demand and structure (up to 2050) to measure the future installed capacity of nuclear powers, conclusion is that China “Two centenary goals” goals on nuclear power generation capacity is 3.08 million kWh, 10.15 million kWh; Based on the structure of global energy demand and China development policy, it is estimated that China nuclear power generation will be 0.4 million kWh by 2020 and 1.81 million kWh by 2050.Finally, according to the estimated nuclear power installed capacity under different scenarios, calculate the corresponding number of nuclear safety management talents in the future. The conclusion is that China should give full support to nuclear safety management talents development.
Effect of Fabric Orientations on Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Jute-Ramie Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester
Composites
Authors: Hamdan M H M , Siregar J P , Tezara C , Rusiyanto R , Oumer A N , Jaafar J , Zalinawati M
Published: March 2021

Jute and ramie fibre received significant attention from the researcher around the globe due to the excellent performance as reinforcement materials for the composite. The present work study the influence of the fabric orientation and layering sequence on the hybrid woven jute-ramie reinforced unsaturated polyester resin (UPE) on mechanical properties (tensile, flexural and impact). The composite sample was prepared via a hand lay-up method with a compression machine. Four (4) different orientation ready for the composite sample consists of 0 laminate, [0°/0°/0°/0°], cross-ply [0°/90°/90°/0]° laminate, angle-ply laminate [45°/-45°/45°/-45°] and quasi-isotropic laminate [0°/45°/-45°/90°]. Based on the finding on the current research, the effect of orientation for hybrid woven jute-ramie is apparent on the tensile testing — nonetheless, the influence of the woven orientation for flexural testing and charpy impact testing. Based on the tensile testing, the composite with the woven orientation of cross-ply yield the highest average tensile strength compared to the other composite. In the case of tensile modulus, the composite sample becoming more ductile when arranged to the orientation of angle-ply laminate and quasi-isotropic laminate. For the flexural testing and charpy impact testing, the entire composite yield almost similar value regardless of the type of woven arrangement.
SMART method for recommender system towards smart tourism and green computing
Authors: Sihotang D M , Hidayanto A N , Abidin Z , Diana E
Published: March 2021

Smart tourism is one component of smart village or smart city that aims to improve service quality of tourism. Smart tourism is expected to provide a better tourist experience for tourists by utilizing information technology. The purpose of this study is to develop for a culinary recommendation application to support smart tourism. Simple Multi-Attribute Rating Technique (SMART) was employed to develop the application which is based on geographic information systems. The application gives culinary places’ recommendation by considering several attributes, such as facilities, prices, menu variations, and distances (most recommender systems of culinary places do not use distance as the main attribute). In addition, this recommendation system is also one of the solutions in implementing green computing, namely “telecommuting” by reducing transportation emissions. Two test scenarios, namely user acceptance, and accuracy testing have been carried out. The user acceptance testing yielded 75.2% which indicated that the application was good, while the result of the accuracy testing was 83.33% which was considered high.
The Effect of Tapioca Flour Adhesives to the Biopellet Characteristics of Rice Husk Waste as Renewable Energy
Authors: Damayanti A , Musfiroh R , Andayani N
Published: March 2021

The abundance of rice husk waste in Indonesia and more than 50% of its cellulose content have the potential to become environmentally friendly and renewable energy, including biopellet. The purpose of this research aims to evaluate the addition of adhesives to the biopellet production. Tapioca flour used as adhesives which a concentration were 10%, 15%, and 20% (w/w) of rice husk waste. Densification process of biopellet production was used by pellet mill machine with a capacity of 120 kg/h. The quality of biopellet product can fulfill the Indonesian biopellet national standard namely SNI 8021:2014. The characterization of biopellet product was to determined the quality of the fuel, which including test of density, water content, fixed carbon content, volatile matter content, and caloric value. The results shows that the characteristics of biopellet of rice husk waste contained tapioca flour concentration (% w/w) 10, 15, and 20 were 8.18, 8.88, 9.18% for water content; 0.81, 0.9, 0.9 g/cm3 of density; 12, 11.17, 11.95% of fly ash content; and 4068, 4013, 4004 cal/g of caloric value. Rice husk waste has the potential as a biopellet solid fuel.
Increased aesthetic value of paper waste for wig making
Authors: Widowati T , Setyowati E , Prasetyaningtyas W , Wahyuni I E , Pangastuti N W
Published: March 2021

Paper waste derived from the campus environment is paper waste which is generally a waste of tasks. Through knowledge, creativity, and paper waste skills can be utilized into something useful, having high artistic value. The purpose of this research is to increase the aesthetic value of paper waste with the process of reuse as a learning medium for wig making. Through the utilization of paper waste with the reuse process is expected to make something useful and valuable art. Qualitative descriptive development research was conducted to increase the aesthetic value of paper waste as a medium of learning wig making in hairpiece courses that have art value with the reuse process. validity results by 5 experts with an average of 97% and final product assessment results by 50 students obtained an average of 87.2% based on indicators of usability, design, flexibility, beauty, and creativity expressed to increase the aesthetic value of paper waste with the process of recycling as a learning medium of wig making is very feasible.
Disperse dyes composition for ICOLLET product
Authors: Sholikhah R , Prasetyaningtyas W , Krisnawati M , Ilhsani A N N , Rachmawati R
Published: March 2021

The objectives of this study were 1) to determine the effect of the disperse dye composition on the ICOLLET finished product, and 2) to determine the best disperse dye for ICOLLET products on hycon polyester chiffon fabric. This experimental research has independent variables of disperse dyes composition. The disperse dyes concentrations were 20 grams, 40 grams and 60 grams, respectively, while the dependent variable was the obtained color of ICOLLET on the hycon polyester chiffon fabric in terms of the fabric absorbency to the disperse dyes, the obtained color of ICOLLET and the level of preference of ICOLLET dyed hijab. The control variable were tying method, dabbing method, equipment and the operator. The data collection method used in this research was observation. Single ANOVA was used to analysis the data. Based on the data analysis, it can be concluded that disperse dyes composition affected the ICOLLET obtained product on hycon polyester chiffon fabric and system with 60 gram disperse dyes has the most absorbency generated the best motive compared to others.
Local wisdom architecture approach on redesigning the Cirebon regent’s office
Authors: Santoso E B , Putro E P
Published: March 2021

Cirebon Regent’s Office which is located within the Cirebon Regency Government Office Complex requires a change in the zones of spatial functions, spatial development and circulation patterns so that people can easily access them and get better services. Based on these thoughts, there is a need for redesigning of the Regent’s Office. “Local Wisdom” Architectural Approach is an architectural approach that accommodates local cultural wisdom into architectural design concepts. The Cirebon Regency Government has already issued regulations on the application of local cultural wisdom to the architectural appearance of government buildings in Cirebon Regency. Based on data collection, analysis, and approaches, a design recommendation was obtained in the framework of redesigning the Cirebon Regent’s Office with the local wisdom architectural approach in accordance with user needs and policies developed in Cirebon District. In the subsequent design process, aspects of architectural planning and design that have been analyzed are used as guidelines.