bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First Report on Path Analysis for Cardiometabolic Components in a Nationally Representative Sample of Pediatric Population in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA): The CASPIAN-III Study
Authors: Kelishadi Roya , Motlagh Mohammad Esmaeil , Roomizadeh Peyman , Abtahi Seyed-Hossein , Qorbani Mostafa , Taslimi Mahnaz , Heshmat Ramin , Aminaee Tahereh , Ardalan Gelayol , Poursafa Parinaz , Karimi Mehrdad
Published: April 2013

Background/Aims: This study aimed to test a potential model of the relationship between various cardiometabolic risk factors including obesity, unhealthy diet, low physical activity, dyslipidemia, and high blood pressure in a large population-based sample of children and adolescents. Methods: In this nationwide study, a representative sample of 5,528 students aged 10-18 years was selected by multistage random cluster sampling from 27 provinces of Iran. Demographic, anthropometric, biological, and biochemical factors were determined. Structural equation modeling (path analysis) was applied to evaluate the causal relationship between these variables. Results: The mean age of study participants was 14.7 ± 2.41 years and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 19.4 ± 4.1. Higher socioeconomic status was directly associated with unhealthy diet, low physical activity and BMI in both sexes. Age had a positive direct effect on low physical activity in both sexes. BMI showed the greatest direct effect on total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and mean arterial pressure in comparison with the direct effects of unhealthy diet and low physical activity. BMI was associated negatively with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in both groups. Conclusions: No previous study has used path analysis for determining the interactions examined in this study among a nationally representative sample of children in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). The results of this study underline the imperative need for the weight loss and lifestyle change from childhood as the first-line preventive strategy for metabolic syndrome and noncommunicable diseases.
Vascular Endothelial Cadherin Expression in Lung Specimens of Patients with Sepsis-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Endothelial Cell Cultures
Authors: Herwig Martina C. , Tsokos Michael , Hermanns M. Iris , Kirkpatrick C. James , Müller Annette M.
Published: April 2013

Aims: Vascular endothelial (VE) cadherin is a cell adhesion molecule localized at endothelial cell (EC) junctions. As a major component of endothelial adherens junctions, its main function is the maintenance and regulation of EC integrity. In the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), increased vascular permeability is a major mechanism in pulmonary edema and lung dysfunction. In this study, VE-cadherin expression was investigated in ARDS lungs and control tissue as well as in an ARDS cell culture model. Methods: Lung specimens of patients with ARDS due to Gram-negative sepsis (n = 20; control lung tissue: n = 41) and cell cultures of human pulmonary microvascular ECs and human umbilical vein ECs stimulated with LPS, TNF-α and IFN-γ were stained with a VE-cadherin antibody. Staining intensity was semiquantitatively evaluated by conventional light and immunofluorescence microscopy. Results: VE-cadherin expression was statistically significantly reduced in the endothelium of all vessel types in ARDS lungs compared to control tissue. Cell cultures showing disrupted cellular borders confirmed these results. Conclusion: Reduced expression of VE-cadherin has to be considered as a major mechanism of increased vessel permeability in ARDS. The previously described vessel-type-specific expression pattern of VE-cadherin in the human lung is not influenced by ARDS.
Serotonergic Genes (5-HTT and HTR1A) and Separation Life Events: Gene-by-Environment Interaction for Panic Disorder
Authors: Choe Ah Young , Kim Borah , Lee Kang Soo , Lee Ji Eun , Lee Jun-Yeob , Choi Tai Kiu , Lee Sang-Hyuk
Published: April 2013

Background: The polymorphisms of serotonergic genes (5-HTTLPR and HTR1A rs6295) and separation life events have been studied to find an association with panic disorder, respectively. However, there are no studies that have yet evaluated the interaction effect between serotonergic genes and separation life events for panic disorder. Methods: For this study, 194 panic disorder patients and 172 healthy controls were included for genotyping and environmental factor analysis. Separation life events were assessed using the Stressful Life Events Scale and clinical interviews. To evaluate the potential endophenotypes of panic disorder, the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-revised (ASI-R), harm avoidance in the Temperament and Character Inventory (HA), and neuroticism in the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (neuroticism) scales were administered. Results: For 5-HTTLPR and HTR1A rs6295, there was no significant main effect of each genotype on panic disorder alone. However, the number of separation life events and their interaction with 5-HTTLPR showed a statistically significant effect on panic disorder. In addition, the interaction between 5-HTTLPR and the number of separation life events significantly affected the HA for potential endophenotypes. Conclusion: This study could suggest the effect of the interaction between 5-HTTLPR and separation life events on panic disorder and its potential endophenotype.
A Pilot Study of Anterior Cingulate Cortex Neurochemistry in Adolescents with Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Authors: Strawn Jeffrey R. , Chu Wen-Jang , Whitsel Rachel M. , Weber Wade A. , Norris Matthew M. , Adler Caleb M. , Eliassen James C. , Phan K. Luan , Strakowski Stephen M. , DelBello Melissa P.
Published: April 2013

Background/Aims: This study used proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) to evaluate the neurochemistry of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in adolescents with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Methods: Adolescents with GAD (n = 10) and healthy subjects (n = 10) underwent a 1H MRS scan at 4 T. Glutamate (Glu), N-acetyl aspartate, creatine (Cr) and myo-inositol concentrations were measured in the ACC and were compared between untreated adolescents with GAD and age- and sex-matched healthy subjects. Results: Glu/Cr ratios in the ACC correlated with the severity of both generalized anxiety symptoms on the Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale and with total anxiety symptom severity as measured by the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, but did not differ between adolescents with GAD and healthy subjects. In addition, no differences in N-acetyl aspartate, Cr, or myo-inositol were detected between groups. Conclusion: These findings suggest that Glu/Cr in untreated adolescents with GAD may relate to the severity of anxiety symptoms and raise the possibility that dysregulation of Glu within the ACC may be linked to the pathophysiology of pediatric GAD.
Treatment Frequency and Efficiency in Hemodiafiltration
Authors: Beck Werner , Techert Franz , Lebsanft Heike , Haug Ulrike , Deppisch Reinhold , Ledebo Ingrid , Wizemann Volker
Published: April 2013

Background: One of the main objectives of dialysis is uremic retention product elimination. Efficiency of dialysis modalities varies both regarding the range of solutes removed and the extent of such removal. We analyzed plasma (or blood) concentrations of marker solutes in intermittent treatment schedules using hemodiafiltration (HDF). Methods: Elimination and rebound of uremic solutes were measured in 10 patients (77 ± 12 kg, 66.5 ± 9.2 years) treated with postdilution HDF in one 4-hour treatment and in two 2-hour treatments on consecutive days (Polyflux 2.1 m2, QB 451 ± 53 ml/min, QD 598 ± 13 ml/min). Blood urea, creatinine, phosphate, β2-microglobulin, complement factor D and advanced glycation end products were analyzed before, during and after HDF for 24-48 h. Results: Applying two 2-hour HDF treatments on consecutive days resulted in significantly lower plasma (or blood) levels of urea, creatinine, phosphate, β2-microglobulin, and advanced glycation end products after 48 h than using one 4-hour session. Conclusions: Increased treatment frequency could further optimize blood purification in HDF therapy.
Remifentanil-Induced Tolerance, Withdrawal or Hyperalgesia in Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial. RAPIP Trial: Remifentanil-Based Analgesia and Sedation of Paediatric Intensive Care Patients
Authors: Welzing Lars , Link Florian , Junghaenel Shino , Oberthuer Andre , Harnischmacher Urs , Stuetzer Hartmut , Roth Bernhard
Published: April 2013

Background: Short-acting opioids like remifentanil are suspected of an increased risk for tolerance, withdrawal and opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH). These potential adverse effects have never been investigated in neonates. Objectives: To compare remifentanil and fentanyl concerning the incidence of tolerance, withdrawal and OIH. Methods: 23 mechanically ventilated infants received up to 96 h either a remifentanil- or fentanyl-based analgesia and sedation regimen with low-dose midazolam. We compared the required opioid doses and the number of opioid dose adjustments. Following extubation, withdrawal symptoms were assessed by a modification of the Finnegan score. OIH was evaluated by the CHIPPS scale and by testing the threshold of the flexion withdrawal reflex with calibrated von Frey filaments. Results: Remifentanil had to be increased by 24% and fentanyl by 47% to keep the infants adequately sedated during mechanical ventilation. Following extubation, infants revealed no pronounced opioid withdrawal and low average Finnegan scores in both groups. Only 1 infant of the fentanyl group and 1 infant of the remifentanil group required methadone for treatment of withdrawal symptoms. Infants also revealed no signs of OIH and low CHIPPS scores in both groups. The median threshold of the flexion withdrawal reflex was 4.5 g (IQR = 2.3) in the fentanyl group and 2.7 g (IQR = 3.3) in the remifentanil group (p = 0.312), which is within the physiologic range of healthy infants. Conclusions: Remifentanil does not seem to be associated with an increased risk for tolerance, withdrawal or OIH.
Differential Significance of Plasma Visfatin Concentrations according to Adiposity in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Kim Hae Jin , Park Sun Young , Choi Yong Jun , Han Seung Jin , Lee Kwan Woo , Kim Dae Jung
Published: April 2013

Background/Aims: Visfatin is an adipocytokine predominantly expressed in visceral adipose tissue. We examined the relationship between plasma visfatin concentrations and anthropometric and metabolic parameters in children and adolescents, who are relatively less influenced by the effects of accompanying disease. Methods: We studied 135 children and adolescents (8-16 years old). Plasma glucose, insulin, lipid profile, visfatin and other adipocytokine levels were measured. CT scans were performed to evaluate the distribution of abdominal fat. We analyzed the relationship between circulating visfatin levels and anthropometric and metabolic parameters according to central adiposity (total abdominal fat by CT scan). Results: In the lower-adiposity group, plasma visfatin concentrations were significantly correlated with total abdominal fat, visceral fat, subcutaneous abdominal fat, plasma triglyceride level and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). In a multiple linear regression analysis, visceral fat and triglycerides were independently associated with plasma visfatin levels. In the higher-adiposity group, plasma visfatin concentrations were not correlated with visceral fat or HOMA-IR but were significantly correlated with circulating interleukin-6 levels. Conclusion: These data suggest that the relationship between plasma visfatin concentrations and metabolic parameters differs according to central adiposity and that plasma visfatin concentrations are correlated with visceral fat and triglyceride levels, especially in children and adolescents with lower adiposity.
Gastrointestinal Lymphoma: Recent Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Nakamura Shotaro , Matsumoto Takayuki
Published: April 2013

The recent trends in the diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal lymphoma are reviewed. Primary gastrointestinal lymphoma accounts for 30-40% of all extranodal lymphomas, while it comprises only 1-8% of all gastrointestinal malignancies. The most common histological type is mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, followed by diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Recently, the incidence of intestinal follicular lymphoma has been increasing. Balloon-assisted endoscopy and capsule endoscopy are essential tools for the assessment of small bowel lymphomas. Treatment modalities for gastrointestinal lymphomas include ‘watch and wait' strategy, antibiotics (e.g. Helicobacter pylori eradication), radiotherapy, chemotherapy, surgical resection, immunotherapy (e.g. rituximab), and combinations of these. Optimal therapeutic strategies should be determined based on the involved site, histological type, and clinical stage. It should be noted that accurate pretreatment diagnosis of the disease is most important.
Assessment of the Bag-in-the-Lens Implantation Technique in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Lauwers Noémie , Ní Dhubhghaill Sorcha , Mathysen Danny G.P. , Tassignon Marie-José
Published: April 2013

Cataract is a common condition observed in patients with diabetes mellitus frequently requiring surgical intervention. The bag-in-the-lens (BIL) intraocular implant is an alternative approach to standard lens-in-the-bag cataract surgery. The lens is supported by anterior and posterior capsulorhexes, which confers a number of advantages in terms of lens centration, rotational stability and prevention of posterior capsular opacity. The purpose of this report is to describe the results of BIL cataract surgery in a retrospective cohort of diabetic patients. Fifty-four cases of BIL surgery are included with a follow-up period of 1 year. Visual acuity outcomes were comparable to previously published standard lens-in-the-bag procedures. There were no reports of posterior capsular opacification and the grade of diabetic retinopathy remained stable. Three cases of clinically significant macular edema were detected over the follow-up period. We conclude that the BIL implantation technique is an advantageous approach to treating cataract in the diabetic population.
Health- and Vision-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Ocular Hypertension or Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Wolfram Christian , Lorenz Katrin , Breitscheidel Lusine , Verboven Yves , Pfeiffer Norbert
Published: April 2013

Background: The main objective of this analysis was to assess the impact of severity of disease on the quality of life (QoL) of patients with ocular hypertension (OHT) and early, moderate, or advanced primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Methods: This multicenter study was conducted at 2 university hospitals and 13 ophthalmology practices in Germany. QoL data were assessed by the Health Utility Index (HUI3) and the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ-25). Results: 154 patients (17.5% OHT, 27.9% early, 22.7% moderate, and 31.8% advanced POAG) were included. The HUI3 scores for OHT, early, moderate, and advanced POAG were 0.87 ± 0.09, 0.85 ± 0.15, 0.75 ± 0.23, and 0.58 ± 0.32, respectively. Compared to a normal population matched by age and gender, for moderate and severe POAG a difference of -0.06 ± 0.24 and -0.19 ± 0.28, respectively, was observed. NEI-VFQ-25 scores illustrate different dimensions of the impact on QoL; reduced peripheral vision or difficulties to drive a car were more crucial to glaucoma patients than social factors. Conclusions: The key difference for QoL impairment in glaucoma lies between OHT/early POAG versus moderate/severe POAG, hence every possible effort needs to be made to prevent disease progression over this threshold.
Variation in Clinical Practice of Intravenous Thrombolysis in Stroke in the Netherlands
Authors: Bauer Auke , Limburg Martien , Visser Marieke Christine
Published: April 2013

In the Netherlands in 2010, 11% of patients with ischemic stroke received intravenous thrombolysis (IVT), varying from 4 to 26% between hospitals. The aim of this study was to investigate variation in clinical practice and organization of IVT in relationship to performance and outcome. In all 84 Dutch hospitals performing IVT, a stroke neurologist was approached using a web-based survey. The response rate was 82%. The study showed considerable variation. For example, door-to-needle time ranged from 25 to 80 min. High blood pressure was actively lowered before performing IVT by 57% of neurologists, while 35% chose to wait. 28% started IVT without knowledge of laboratory results. Better follow-up data are needed to see whether this variation results in differences in outcome.
Expression of the Transmembrane Lysosomal Protein SCARB2/Limp-2 in Renin Secretory Granules Controls Renin Release
Authors: Lee D. , Desmond M.J. , Fraser S.A. , Katerelos M. , Gleich K. , Berkovic S.F. , Power D.A.
Published: April 2013

Background/Aims: Renin processing and storage is believed to occur in lysosome-like structures in the afferent arteriole. SCARB2/Limp-2 is a transmembrane lysosomal protein responsible for the intracellular trafficking of β-glucocerebrosidase. This study aimed to confirm the expression of SCARB2/Limp-2 in renin secretory granules, and explore its role in renin processing and secretion. Methods: Co-localisation studies of (pro)renin with lysosomal membrane proteins, SCARB2/Limp-2, LAMP-1 and LAMP-2, were performed in mouse and human kidney sections. Intrarenal expression and secretion of (pro)renin in wild-type (WT) and Limp-2-/- mice were compared with and without stimulation. Results: SCARB2/Limp-2, LAMP-1 and LAMP-2 co-localised with (pro)- renin in mouse and human kidney. Plasma renin concentration was increased in Limp-2-/- mice when compared to WT littermates. No change in (pro)renin expression, however, was observed in Limp-2-/- mouse kidney cortex by immunofluorescence microscopy, Western blotting, quantitative RT-PCR or the ultrastructural appearance of renin secretory granules. Acute stimulation of renin release by isoprenaline or hydralazine was similar in WT and Limp-2-/- mice. Following chronic salt restriction, however, immunofluorescence microscopy showed less (pro)renin expressed in Limp-2-/- compared with WT mouse kidneys, and there was significantly less prorenin but not renin by Western blotting in Limp-2-/- mouse kidney cortex, despite no difference in circulating renin levels. Conclusion: Renin secretory granules possess integral lysosomal proteins, confirming that they are indeed modified lysosomes. Limp-2 deficiency leads to a minor increase in circulating renin. Limp-2, however, is not required for acute or chronic stimulation of renin release.
High-Resolution SNP Microarray Investigation of Copy Number Variations on Chromosome 18 in a Control Cohort
Authors: Chia N.L. , Bryce M. , Hickman P.E. , Potter J.M. , Glasgow N. , Koerbin G. , Danoy P. , Brown M.A. , Cavanaugh J.
Published: April 2013

Copy number variations (CNVs) as described in the healthy population are purported to contribute significantly to genetic heterogeneity. Recent studies have described CNVs using lymphoblastoid cell lines or by application of specifically developed algorithms to interrogate previously described data. However, the full extent of CNVs remains unclear. Using high-density SNP array, we have undertaken a comprehensive investigation of chromosome 18 for CNV discovery and characterisation of distribution and association with chromosome architecture. We identified 399 CNVs, of which loss represents 98%, 58% are less than 2.5 kb in size and 71% are intergenic. Intronic deletions account for the majority of copy number changes with gene involvement. Furthermore, one-third of CNVs do not have putative breakpoints within repetitive sequences. We conclude that replicative processes, mediated either by repetitive elements or microhomology, account for the majority of CNVs in the healthy population. Genomic instability involving the formation of a non-B structure is demonstrated in one region.
Bile Acid Receptor TGR5 Agonism Induces NO Production and Reduces Monocyte Adhesion in Vascular Endothelial Cells
Authors: Kida Taiki , Tsubosaka Yoshiki , Hori Masatoshi , Ozaki Hiroshi , Murata Takahisa
Published: April 2013

Objective—

TGR5 is a G-protein–coupled receptor for bile acids. So far, little is known about the function of TGR5 in vascular endothelial cells.

Approach and Results—

In bovine aortic endothelial cells, treatment with a bile acid having a high affinity to TGR5, taurolithocholic acid (TLCA), significantly increased NO production. This effect was abolished by small interfering RNA–mediated depletion of TGR5. TLCA-induced NO production was also observed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells measured via intracellular cGMP accumulation. TLCA increased endothelial NO synthase
ser1177
phosphorylation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. This response was accompanied by increased Akt
ser473
phosphorylation and intracellular Ca
2+
. Inhibition of these signals significantly decreased TLCA-induced NO production. We next examined whether TGR5-mediated NO production affects inflammatory responses of endothelial cells. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells, TLCA significantly reduced tumor necrosis factor-α–induced adhesion of monocytes, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression, and activation of nuclear factor-κB. TLCA also inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced monocyte adhesion to mesenteric venules in vivo. These inhibitory effects of TLCA were abrogated by NO synthase inhibition.

Conclusions—

TGR5 agonism induces NO production via Akt activation and intracellular Ca
2+
increase in vascular endothelial cells, and this function inhibits monocyte adhesion in response to inflammatory stimuli.
Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Khoury Jane C. , Kleindorfer Dawn , Alwell Kathleen , Moomaw Charles J. , Woo Daniel , Adeoye Opeolu , Flaherty Matthew L. , Khatri Pooja , Ferioli Simona , Broderick Joseph P. , Kissela Brett M.
Published: April 2013

Background and Purpose—

We previously reported increased incidence of ischemic stroke among both blacks and whites with diabetes mellitus, especially in those aged <55 years. With rising prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the past decade, we revisit the impact of diabetes mellitus on stroke incidence in the same population (≈1.3 million) 5 and 10 years later.

Methods—

This is a population-based study. First ischemic strokes among black and white residents of the 5-county Greater Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky region, aged ≥20 years, for periods 7/1993 to 6/1994, 1999, and 2005, were included in this analysis. Incidence rates were adjusted for sex, race, and age, as appropriate, to the 2000 US population.

Results—

History of diabetes mellitus among first ischemic strokes was reported for 493/1709 (28%) in 1993/1994, 522/1778 (29%) in 1999, and 544/1680 (33%) in 2005. Risk ratios (95% confidence interval) for rates of stroke in those with versus without diabetes mellitus for blacks reduced significantly from 5.6 in 1993/1994 to 3.2 in 2005; for whites the risk ratio remained stable at 3.8 in 1993/1994 and 2005. However, risk ratios varied with age, with an overall 5- to 14-fold increased risk observed in those aged 20 to 65 years.

Conclusions—

Those with diabetes mellitus remain at greatly increased risk for stroke at all ages, especially <65 years, regardless of race. The rates and risk ratios for 1999 and 2005, although similar to those previously reported for the mid-1990s, take on increased significance, given the epidemic of diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome throughout the US and the world.
Longing for God: Psalm 63 and Pentecostal Spirituality
Authors: Martin Lee Roy
Published: April 2013

This study approaches Psalm 63 from the perspective of Pentecostal spirituality, a spirituality that is characterized by an integration of orthodoxy (right belief), orthopraxy (right practice), and orthopathy (right affections). The passionate tone of Psalm 63, along with its prominent theme of divine encounter, resonate deeply with the Pentecostal ethos, which values both passion and encounter. The author argues that a holistic interpretation of Scripture (especially the poetic literature) must include attention to the affective dimension of the text and to the affective concerns of the interpreter. The affections have a role in the interpretation of Scripture, and the affections of the interpreter should be formed/transformed by the encounter with the biblical text. After arguing for the affective approach and outlining its components, an affective interpretation of Psalm 63 that intersects with Pentecostal spirituality is offered. The article concludes with implications of the study for Pentecostal discipleship and formation.
A Review of Luke Timothy Johnson’s Prophetic Jesus, Prophetic Church: The Challenge of Luke–Acts to Contemporary Christians
Authors: Charette Blaine B.
Published: April 2013

Johnson cogently makes the case that in Luke–Acts the prophetic message articulates God’s vision for humanity: a message presented in words but also embodied in the deeds and character of the Church as a prophetic community. Luke’s perspective confronts the Church with an ongoing challenge to realize its full potential in living out this utopian vision. One might quibble with certain exegetical conclusions and points of emphasis within the argument but that does not detract from the valuable contribution made by this study.
Review of Luke Timothy Johnson’s Prophetic Jesus, Prophetic Church
Authors: Menzies Robert
Published: April 2013

Menzies acknowledges Johnson’s ability to creatively organize and summarize Luke’s powerful message. He also affirms Johnson’s overall emphasis: Luke does call the church to follow in the footsteps of the Prophet-like-Moses. However, Menzies argues that Johnson’s vision for the contemporary church as a prophetic community is too restricted, too quiet, and too rational. It is too restricted in that Johnson suggests that only a select group are called to take up the prophetic mantle. Menzies maintains that for Luke, the church is not simply a prophetic community; rather, it is to be a community of prophets. Johnson’s vision is too quiet in that he tends to stress the ethical teaching of Jesus and downplays the call to bear verbal witness. But, for Luke, bold witness is the key manifestation of the Spirit’s inspiration and this theme dominates his narrative. Finally, Johnson’s vision is too rational in that he fails to take seriously the narrative of Acts as a model for the contemporary church. Thus, his prophetic vision for the contemporary church largely ignores ‘visions and dreams’, ‘inspired witness’, and ‘signs and wonders’, three key elements of Joel’s prophecy as quoted by Peter on the day of Pentecost (Acts 2.17-21).
Prophetic Jesus, Prophetic Church: A Response to Luke Timothy Johnson
Authors: Macchia Frank D.
Published: April 2013

Luke Timothy Johnson’s Prophetic Jesus, Prophetic Church defends the book of Acts against those who reject it for being a triumphalist departure from the prophetic ministry of Jesus highlighted in the Gospels. To lift up the prophetic nature of the Church in Acts, Johnson places Acts next to Luke in order to highlight the prophetic themes that Luke develops between the two books. While affirming Johnson’s basic arguments, the following article seeks among other things to strengthen the links between Luke and Acts by emphasizing the role of Jesus as the exalted Lord who imparts the Spirit.
The Spirit as an Inner Witness in John 15.26
Authors: Estrada Rodolfo Galvan
Published: April 2013

John 15.26 has always been understood to be a continuation of the Paraclete’s testimony to the world. In this essay, the readers are urged to rethink the Paraclete’s witness not in relation to the world but in relation to the disciples and Johannine community’s context. By analyzing the literary and historical context, the relationship between testimony and faith, and the receptors of the Paraclete’s ministry in the Fourth Gospel, we will actually deduce that the ones who need the witness of the Paraclete the most are the disciples and Johannine community who are undergoing a trial of faith. The recognition of the Spirit’s role as an inner testifier is also manifested in other sources such as ancient Jewish literature and the New Testament canon.
Optimal Design in Three-Level Block Randomized Designs With Two Levels of Nesting
Authors: Konstantopoulos Spyros
Published: April 2013

Large-scale experiments that involve nested structures may assign treatment conditions either to subgroups such as classrooms or to individuals such as students within subgroups. Key aspects of the design of such experiments include knowledge of the variance structure in higher levels and the sample sizes necessary to reach sufficient power to detect the treatment effect. This study provides methods for maximizing power within a fixed budget in three-level block randomized balanced designs with two levels of nesting, where, for example, students are nested within classrooms and classrooms are nested within schools, and schools and classrooms are random effects. The power computations take into account the costs of units of different levels, the variance structure at the second (e.g., classroom) and third (e.g., school) levels, and the sample sizes (e.g., number of Level-1, Level-2, and Level-3 units).
Deception, Detection, Demeanor, and Truth Bias in Face-to-Face and Computer-Mediated Communication
Authors: Van Swol Lyn M. , Braun Michael T. , Kolb Miranda R.
Published: April 2013

In an ultimatum game, participants were randomly assigned to the role of allocator or recipient and to interact face-to-face (FtF) or over computer text chat (computer-mediated communication [CMC]). The allocator was given money to divide. The recipient was unaware of the amount given, so the allocator could deceive the recipient. Perception of the allocator having a dishonest demeanor increased recipient suspicion of deception, but reduced detection accuracy for truths. Demeanor cues did not help detect deception. Recipients were better at detecting lies CMC than FtF. Overall, truth bias did not differ between CMC and FtF. Rates of deception did not differ between CMC and FtF, but type of deception marginally differed. There was more deceptive omission used in FtF and more deceptive commission (bald-faced lies) used in CMC. Results are discussed in terms of demeanor and truth bias.
Normal Turbulence or Perfect Storm? Disparity in Fair Value Estimates
Authors: Lilien Steven , Sarath Bharat , Schrader Richard
Published: April 2013

The use of fair value measures in financial statements embeds managerial assumptions about the future into the reporting process. This is particularly so for Level 3 measurements that are developed from financial models of future cash flows. This article documents a case where a firm bought a majority stake of 52% in November 2009 of a subsidiary where it already had an equity holding of 29% (i.e., acquired an additional 23%). The proportionate fair value implied for the 48% noncontrolling stake as well as the 29% prior equity holding in the acquired firm using Level 3 methodology was roughly triple the amount reported as Level 1 measures for these very same holdings. The discrepancy in valuation boosted the bargain gain at acquisition wiping out the retained earnings deficit of the parent firm. In addition, the acquirer reported a US$200 million (40%) impairment of the subsidiaries’ primary asset (housing stock) in November 2009 whereas the subsidiary reported the unimpaired value in its year-end financial statements in December 2009. While we agree that Level 3 valuations potentially provide useful information to shareholders, they can fulfill this role only if the disclosures can be effectively audited. Our primary motivation in writing this article is to show that fair value disclosures are not being audited sufficiently rigorously in practice and to make some suggestions on how these rules may be improved.
Turning Point Mechanisms in a Dualistic Process Model of Institutional Emergence: The Case of the Diesel Particulate Filter in Germany
Authors: Guérard Stéphane , Bode Christoph , Gustafsson Robin
Published: April 2013

Based on an in-depth case study investigating the emergence of a normative institution, namely the diesel particulate filter (DPF) as a de facto standard for diesel cars in Germany, this paper develops a dualistic process model of institutional emergence which reflects the fundamental oppositional character of institutional actors involved in a series of framing contests. The proposed model features distinct phases punctuated by turning point mechanisms that shape the process leading to institutional emergence. Three specific turning point mechanisms were identified: local objectification, movement legitimacy and critical actors taking action. This model provides a novel perspective on institutional emergence in that it explains shifts in contestation and the emergence of an institution as a temporal resolution reached through coercion rather than out of a consensus as several institutionalization models assume. The results also suggest that the industry under attack from a social movement tends to deploy buffering strategies in an attempt to protect itself. Finally, we outline future directions for studying processes around contested fields and turning point mechanisms.
Does contemporary oxygenator design influence haemolysis?
Authors: De Somer F
Published: April 2013

Based on their design, all membrane oxygenators generate a certain resistance to flow. In clinical practice, this resistance is calculated by measuring both blood flow and the pressure drop over the oxygenator. Historically, some designs, such as the Kolobow spiral coil oxygenator and the Cobe flat sheet oxygenator, had quite a high pressure drop, but were, nevertheless, considered very haemocompatible. Today, both medium and low pressure drop oxygenators are commercially available. Based on physics and the existing literature, this review aims to investigate whether pressure drop by itself can be considered an independent factor of haemolysis.
Effects of Participation in a Simulation Game on Marketing Students’ Numeracy and Financial Skills
Authors: Brennan Ross , Vos Lynn
Published: April 2013

The need to endow marketing graduates with skills relevant to employability grows ever more important. Marketing math and elementary financial understanding are essential employability skills, particularly given the contemporary emphasis on marketing metrics, but the evidence is that marketing graduates are often relatively weak in such skills. This article suggests that one educational strategy to improve numeracy and financial skills may be through the use of a marketing simulation game. Through the simulation game, students are exposed to marketing calculations and financial data in an engaging context that simulates the real world. It is hypothesized that marketing students’ numeracy and financial skills, and their self-efficacy with respect to marketing calculations, will improve following participation in a simulation game where numerical and financial analysis are necessary activities. Using a quasi-experimental research design, it is found that there are substantial and significant improvements in numerical and financial performance after participating in a simulation game, but that there is no improvement (and possibly a small decline) in self-efficacy related to these tasks. Marketing educators are advised that a marketing simulation game is a viable option to consider when seeking to improve students’ numeracy and financial skills.
Explaining the Use of Performance Information by Public Managers
Authors: Kroll Alexander
Published: April 2013

This article examines the use of performance information by public managers. It reviews literature on the impact of attitudes and social norm and puts forward a psychological-cognitive model based on the theory of planned behavior. The article finds support for this model emphasizing that performance data use is a goal-directed, reasoned action. Another critical result is that managers who consciously intend to use performance data also make sure that the data in their division are of good quality which, in turn, fosters information use. These findings indicate that—in addition to organizational routines—cognitive factors are promising starting points for interventions to foster managers’ data use. The article is based on survey data from German cities.
Impact of image quality, radiologists, lung segments, and Gunnar eyewear on detectability of lung nodules in chest CT
Authors: Christe Andreas , Ebner Lukas , Steiger Philipp , Parikh Sachin R , Shah Akash D , Roychoudhury Kingshuk , Vock Peter , Roos Justus E
Published: April 2013

Background

Despite the increasingly higher spatial and contrast resolution of CT, nodular lesions are prone to be missed on chest CT. Tinted lenses increase visual acuity and contrast sensitivity by filtering short wavelength light of solar and artificial origin.

Purpose

To test the impact of Gunnar eyewear, image quality (standard versus low dose CT) and nodule location on detectability of lung nodules in CT and to compare their individual influence.

Material and Methods

A pre-existing database of CT images of patients with lung nodules >5 mm, scanned with standard does image quality (150 ref mAs/120 kVp) and lower dose/quality (40 ref mAs/120 kVp), was used. Five radiologists read 60 chest CTs twice: once with Gunnar glasses and once without glasses with a 1 month break between. At both read-outs the cases were shown at lower dose or standard dose level to quantify the influence of both variables (eyewear vs. image quality) on nodule sensitivity.

Results

The sensitivity of CT for lung nodules increased significantly using Gunnar eyewear for two readers and insignificantly for two other readers. Over all, the mean sensitivity of all radiologist raised significantly from 50% to 53%, using the glasses ( P value = 0.034). In contrast, sensitivity for lung nodules was not significantly affected by lowering the image quality from 150 to 40 ref mAs. The average sensitivity was 52% at low dose level, that was even 0.7% higher than at standard dose level ( P value = 0.40). The strongest impact on sensitivity had the factors readers and nodule location (lung segments).

Conclusion

Sensitivity for lung nodules was significantly enhanced by Gunnar eyewear (+3%), while lower image quality (40 ref mAs) had no impact on nodule sensitivity. Not using the glasses had a bigger impact on sensitivity than lowering the image quality.
MicroPET-CT evaluation of interstitial brachytherapy in pancreatic carcinoma xenografts
Authors: Jian Lu , Zhongmin Wang , Kemin Chen , Yunfeng Zheng , Gang Huang
Published: April 2013

Background

Interstitial brachytherapy (IBT) has been introduced as treatment for unresectable pancreatic cancers to maximize local dose and minimize irradiation of surrounding normal tissue. MicroPET-CT systems provide excellent anatomic and molecular information.

Purpose

To use 18F-FDG micro-positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) to evaluate the therapeutic effect of 125I interstitial brachytherapy on transplantation tumor of human pancreatic carcinoma in Balb/c-nu mice.

Material and Methods

Xenograft models were created by subcutaneous injection of Swl990 human pancreatic cancer cell suspensions into the immunodeficient Balb/c-nu mice. The study was randomly divided into three groups: control group ( n = 6), empty seed implant group ( n = 6), and 125I seed implant group ( n = 6), respectively. Before and 1 week after treatment, 18F-FDG microPET-CT scan was performed. In-vivo cell proliferation and apoptosis were monitored by thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) immunostaining and Dutp-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay.

Results

Our results showed that before treatment the SUVmax and SUVmean values among three groups had no significant statistical difference. One week after treatment the SUVmax and SUVmean in 125I seed implant group were significantly lower than before, while for the empty seed group and control group there were no significant difference compared with before treatment. Immunohistochemical analysis of tumor tissue revealed significantly less TK1 positive cells in 125I seed implant group than in empty seed group and control group. The index of apoptosis was slightly higher in 125I seed implant group than in empty seed group and control group as evaluated by TUNEL assay.

Conclusion

These results suggest that 18F-FDG microPET-CT may be useful as a non-invasive imaging modality to assess early response to 125I seed brachytherapy in a pancreatic carcinoma Xenograft.
Glue embolization for gastroduodenal ulcer bleeding: contribution to hemodynamics and healing process
Authors: Mine Takahiko , Murata S , Nakazawa K , Onozawa S , Ueda T , Miyauchi M , Morita S , Kumita S
Published: April 2013

Background

Although the morbidity of bowel ischemic events after glue embolization has been suggested, a causal relationship between glue and ischemia has not been clearly established.

Purpose

To evaluate the efficiency and safety of transcatheter arterial embolization with n-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA–TAE) for upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (GIH).

Material and Methods

Between October 2006 and October 2012, 21 patients with upper GIH underwent NBCA–TAE, and endoscopic data were obtained within 30 days of follow-up. Shock index prior to and immediately after NBCA–TAE were compared to determine changes in hemodynamics. Days to Forrest type III, as assessed by follow-up endoscopy, was used as an indicator of the healing process. Other clinical outcomes included days for starting ingestion and for hospital discharge.

Results

Sixteen gastric and five duodenal ulcers, classified into Forrest type I, were treated. Immediate hemostasis was achieved in all the patients, and no re-bleeding occurred within the follow-up period. Shock index significantly ( P < 0.001) improved from before (0.99 ± 0.076) to immediately after NBCA–TAE (0.67 ± 0.038). Sequential mucosal healing processes were observed in all the patients, and the number of days to Forrest type III was 9.6 ± 7.1. The number of days for starting ingestion and hospital discharge was 9.0 ± 4.5 and 15 ± 7.7 days, respectively.

Conclusion

NBCA–TAE is an effective and safe method for the control of nonvariceal upper GIH, in terms of contribution to hemodynamics and healing process of the gastroduodenal mucosa.
Accuracy of iodine removal using dual-energy CT with or without a tin filter: an experimental phantom study
Authors: Kawai Tatsuya , Takeuchi Mitsuru , Hara Masaki , Ohashi Kazuya , Suzuki Hirochika , Yamada Kiyotaka , Sugimura Yuya , Shibamoto Yuta
Published: April 2013

Background

The effects of a tin filter on virtual non-enhanced (VNE) images created by dual-energy CT have not been well evaluated.

Purpose

To compare the accuracy of VNE images between those with and without a tin filter.

Material and Methods

Two different types of columnar phantoms made of agarose gel were evaluated. Phantom A contained various concentrations of iodine (4.5–1590 HU at 120 kVp). Phantom B consisted of a central component (0, 10, 25, and 40 mgI/cm3) and a surrounding component (0, 50, 100, and 200 mgI/cm3) with variable iodine concentration. They were scanned by dual-source CT in conventional single-energy mode and dual-energy mode with and without a tin filter. CT values on each gel at the corresponding points were measured and the accuracy of iodine removal was evaluated.

Results

On VNE images, the CT number of the gel of Phantom A fell within the range between –15 and +15 HU under 626 and 881 HU at single-energy 120 kVp with and without a tin filter, respectively. With attenuation over these thresholds, iodine concentration of gels was underestimated with the tin filter but overestimated without it. For Phantom B, the mean CT numbers on VNE images in the central gel component surrounded by the gel with iodine concentrations of 0, 50, 100, and 200 mgI/cm3 were in the range of –19–+6 HU and 21–100 HU with and without the tin filter, respectively.

Conclusion

Both with and without a tin filter, iodine removal was accurate under a threshold of iodine concentration. Although a surrounding structure with higher attenuation decreased the accuracy, a tin filter improved the margin of error.
Variability in ACL Tunnel Placement
Authors: Wolf Brian R. , Ramme Austin J. , Wright Rick W. , Brophy Robert H. , McCarty Eric C. , Vidal Armando R. , Parker Richard D. , Andrish Jack T. , Amendola Annunziato ,   MOON Knee Group, Grosland Nicole M. , Britton Carla L. , Dunn Warren R. , Spindler Kurt P. , Cox Charles L. , Carey James L. , Kaeding Christopher C. , Flanigan David C. , Matava Matthew J. , Smith Matthew V. , Marx Robert G. , Jones Morgan H.
Published: April 2013

Background:

Multicenter and multisurgeon cohort studies on anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction are becoming more common. Minimal information exists on intersurgeon and intrasurgeon variability in ACL tunnel placement.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of this study was to analyze intersurgeon and intrasurgeon variability in ACL tunnel placement in a series of The Multicenter Orthopaedic Outcomes Network (MOON) ACL reconstruction patients and in a clinical cohort of ACL reconstruction patients. The hypothesis was that there would be minimal variability between surgeons in ACL tunnel placement.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Seventy-eight patients who underwent ACL reconstruction by 8 surgeons had postoperative imaging with computed tomography, and ACL tunnel location and angulation were analyzed using 3-dimensional surface processing and measurement. Intersurgeon and intrasurgeon variability in ACL tunnel placement was analyzed.

Results:

For intersurgeon variability, the range in mean ACL femoral tunnel depth between surgeons was 22%. For femoral tunnel height, there was a 19% range. Tibial tunnel location from anterior to posterior on the plateau had a 16% range in mean results. There was only a small range of 4% for mean tibial tunnel location from the medial to lateral dimension. For intrasurgeon variability, femoral tunnel depth demonstrated the largest ranges, and tibial tunnel location from medial to lateral on the plateau demonstrated the least variability. Overall, surgeons were relatively consistent within their own cases. Using applied measurement criteria, 85% of femoral tunnels and 90% of tibial tunnels fell within applied literature-based guidelines. Ninety-one percent of the axes of the femoral tunnels fell within the boundaries of the femoral footprint.

Conclusion:

The data demonstrate that surgeons performing ACL reconstructions are relatively consistent between each other. There is, however, variability of average tunnel placement up to 22% of mean condylar depth, likely reflecting the difference in individual surgeons’ preferred tunnel locations. Individual surgeons are relatively consistent in their cases of ACL tunnels.