bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distribution of Major and Trace Elements in a Tropical Hydroelectric Reservoir in Sarawak, Malaysia
Authors: Sim Siong Fong , Ling Teck Yee , Nyanti Lee , Ean Lee Terri Zhuan , Mohd Irwan Lu Nurul Aida Lu , Bakeh Tomy
Published: September 2014

This paper reports the metals content in water, sediment, macroalgae, aquatic plant, and fish of Batang Ai Hydroelectric Reservoir in Sarawak, Malaysia. The samples were acid digested and subjected to atomic absorption spectrometry analysis for Na, K, Mn, Cr, Ni, Zn, Mg, Fe, Sn, Al, Ca, As, Se, and Hg. The total Hg content was analysed on the mercury analyser. Results showed that metals in water, sediment, macroalgae, aquatic plant, and fish are distinguishable, with sediment and biota samples more susceptible to metal accumulation. The distributions of heavy metals in water specifically Se, Sn, and As could have associated with the input of fish feed, boating, and construction activities. The accumulation of heavy metals in sediment, macroalgae, and aquatic plant on the other hand might be largely influenced by the redox conditions in the aquatic environment. According to the contamination factor and the geoaccumulation index, sediment in Batang Ai Reservoir possesses low risk of contamination. The average metal contents in sediment and river water are consistently lower than the literature values reported and well below the limit of various guidelines. For fishes, trace element Hg was detected; however, the concentration was below the permissible level suggested by the Food and Agriculture Organization.
AnIn VitroModel to Evaluate the Impact of the Soluble Factors from the Colonic Mucosa of Collagenous Colitis Patients on T Cells: Enhanced Production of IL-17A and IL-10 from Peripheral CD4+T Cells
Authors: Kumawat Ashok Kumar , Nyhlin Nils , Wickbom Anna , Tysk Curt , Bohr Johan , Hultgren Olof , Hultgren Hörnquist Elisabeth
Published: September 2014

Soluble factors from intestinal mucosal cells contribute to immune homeostasis in the gut. We have established anin vitromodel to investigate the regulatory role of soluble factors from inflamed intestinal mucosa of collagenous colitis (CC) patients in the differentiation of T cells. Peripheral blood CD4+T cells from healthy donors were polyclonally activated in the presence of conditioned medium (CM) generated from denuded biopsies (DNB) or isolated lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMCs) from mucosal biopsies from CC patients compared to noninflamed controls, to determine proliferation and secretion of cytokines involved in T-cell differentiation. Compared to controls, we observed significantly increased production of the proinflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, IL-17A, IL-6, and IL-1βand the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 in the presence of CC-DNB-CM. The most pronounced effect of CC-LPMC-CM on peripheral CD4+T cells was a trend towards increased production of IL-17A and IL-10. A trend towards reduced inhibition of T-cell proliferation was noted in the presence of CC-DNB-CM. In conclusion, ourin vitromodel reveals implications of soluble factors from CC colonic mucosa on peripheral T cells, enhancing their production of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines.
Nutritional Status among Females of Bhaina Tribe of Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India: An Anthropological Insight
Authors: Singh Huidrom Suraj , Ghritlahre Manisha , Das Subal
Published: September 2014

Problem of malnutrition increases, being one of the significant national issues in a developing country like India. In the present study, an attempt was made to understand the sociodemographic profile and nutritional status among the Bhaina tribes of Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh. A total of 161 females (2–75 years) were screened for anthropometric measurements. Nutritional status was evaluated in four groups of female categories: preschool: 2–5 years (n=11), children: 6#x2013;12 years (n=28), adolescent: 13–18 years (n=22), and adults >18 years (n=100) using the age specific cutoff points of body mass index (BMI). Statistical analysis was performed using MS EXCEL and SPSS software. More than 30% of the studied population is observed to be illiterate and unemployed. Significant age group difference is observed for anthropometric variables considered in the present study. Overall prevalence of thinness among the studied population was 32.3% (critical). Occurrence of thinness was found to be highest among children (57.1%). Occupation with wage labourer is significantly higher among parents of normal children (26.6%) than parents of undernourished children (19.6%). Findings of the present study suggest significance of anthropological approach in understanding nutritional status among different ethnic groups, specifically tribal community.
Epigenetic Inactivation and Tumor-Suppressor Behavior of NGFR in Human Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Yang Zuli , Chen Hao , Huo Lijun , Yang Zihuan , Bai Yang , Fan Xinjuan , Ni Beibei , Fang Lekun , Hu Jun , Peng Junsheng , Wang Lei , Wang Jianping
Published: September 2014

The nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR/p75) is a potential tumor suppressor, but its role in colorectal cancer is unknown. Here, the hypermethylation status, biologic function, and clinical relevance were determined for p75NGFR in colorectal cancer. The methylation status and expression of p75NGFR were assessed in colorectal cancer cell lines and clinical tissues by bisulfite genomic sequencing (BGS), qRT-PCR, and immunoblot assay. Methylation of p75NGFR was frequently found in colorectal cancer, leading to its silencing or downregulation, and it was effectively restored by a demethylation agent. The overexpression of p75NGFR in multiple colorectal cancer cell model systems significantly inhibited cell proliferation (concomitant with G1-phase arrest), invasion, and colony formation and induced cell apoptosis. In contrast, p75NGFR knockdown significantly promoted proliferative and invasive phenotypes. Importantly, p75NGFR methylation was observed in the majority of primary colorectal cancer specimens and was associated with histologic grade and preoperative serum CA19-9 levels. Multivariate analysis indicated that patients who lack p75NGFR have reduced overall survival (64% vs. 75%, P = 0.028) and disease-free survival (61% vs. 72%, P = 0.034) compared with p75NGFR-positive patients. In conclusion, p75NGFR is predominantly silenced or downregulated in colorectal cancer, and its biologic activities are consistent with it being a relevant tumor suppressor.

Implications: p75NGFR is a candidate tumor suppressor and has independent prognostic potential in colorectal cancer. Mol Cancer Res; 13(1); 107–19. ©2014 AACR.
Cutaneous Drug Delivery of Capsaicin after in vitro Administration of the 8% Capsaicin Dermal Patch System
Authors: Wohlrab Johannes , Neubert Reinhard H.H. , Heskamp Marie-Luise , Michael Julia
Published: September 2014

Objective: Epicutaneous application of capsaicin causes a long-lasting analgesic effect by binding to the membrane transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) on mechanoheat-sensitive C and Aδ fibres, changing axonal integrity and inhibiting neurogenic inflammatory processes. To date, no information is available regarding the cutaneous drug delivery of capsaicin following patch application. Methods: Using a Franz diffusion cell, the cutaneous concentration-time profiles 30, 60 and 90 min after application of a patch containing 8% capsaicin (640 µg/cm2) on ex vivo thin (mamma) and thick (plantar) human skin were investigated at 32°C, and additionally at 42°C for thin skin and 10°C for thick skin. An HPLC-MS method was used for the analytic detection of capsaicin. Results: The results show that already after a 30-min application of the 8% capsaicin patch, an equilibrium reservoir can be found in the stratum corneum in both thick and thin skin. Under physiological temperature conditions, a sufficient bioavailability of capsaicin in the cutaneous target compartments can be found. Raising the temperature to 42°C has no relevant impact on the concentration-time profile, while reducing the temperature to 10°C leads to a significantly lower bioavailability. Conclusion: After 30 min of application, a sufficient cutaneous bioavailability of capsaicin is reached in thick as well as thin skin. Whether shorter application times may suffice to achieve therapeutic effectiveness requires further investigation. © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel
Association of Filaggrin Variants with Asthma and Rhinitis: Is Eczema or Allergic Sensitization Status an Effect Modifier?
Authors: Ziyab Ali H. , Karmaus Wilfried , Zhang Hongmei , Holloway John W. , Steck Susan E. , Ewart Susan , Arshad Syed Hasan
Published: September 2014

Background: Associations of variants of the filaggrin gene, i.e. FLG with asthma and rhinitis have been shown to be modulated by eczema status. However, it is unknown whether allergic sensitization status modifies this association. The aim of this study was to determine whether FLG variants need eczema and/or allergic sensitization as a necessary component to execute adverse effects on coexisting and subsequent asthma and rhinitis. Methods: In the Isle of Wight birth cohort, repeated measurements of asthma, rhinitis, eczema and allergic sensitization (documented by skin-prick tests) were taken in 1,456 children at the ages of 1, 2, 4, 10 and 18 years. Filaggrin haploinsufficiency was defined as having at least the minor allele of R501X, 2282del4 or S3247X variants. log-binomial regression models were used to test associations and statistical interactions. Results:FLG variants increased the risk of asthma [risk ratio (RR) 1.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06-1.80] and rhinitis (RR 1.37, 95% CI 1.16-1.63). In the delayed-effects models, ‘FLG variants plus allergic sensitization' and ‘FLG variants plus eczema' increased the risk of subsequent asthma by 4.93-fold (95% CI 3.61-6.71) and 3.33-fold (95% CI 2.45-4.51), respectively, during the first 18 years of life. In contrast, neither eczema nor allergic sensitization in combination with FLG variants increased the risk of later rhinitis. Conclusions: Allergic sensitization and eczema modulated the association between FLG variants and asthma but not rhinitis. Our results imply that the mechanisms and pathways through which FLG variants predispose to an increased risk of asthma and rhinitis may be different.
HuD Promotes Progression of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Sasahira Tomonori , Kurihara Miyako , Yamamoto Kazuhiko , Ueda Nobuhiro , Nakashima Chie , Matsushima Sayako , Bhawal Ujjal K. , Kirita Tadaaki , Kuniyasu Hiroki
Published: September 2014

Head and neck cancer, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), ranks as the sixth most common malignancy worldwide. Overall 5-year survival rates of OSCC have not significantly improved during the past 3 decades and the 5-year survival rate is less than 50%. Several invasion grading systems have been employed in OSCC, however, their utility is still controversial. HuD belongs to the Hu protein family and acts as an RNA-binding protein involved in mRNA stability and translational regulation. Although HuD has a pivotal role for neuronal differentiation, the functional role of HuD in OSCCs is still unclear. In this study, we examined HuD expression in 82 OSCC cases. Expression of HuD was observed in 36.6% of OSCCs and significantly associated with histological differentiation, nodal metastasis and mode of invasion. HuD expression in high-metastatic HSC3 cells was higher than in low-metastatic HSC4 cells, and inhibition of invasion ability and activation of caspase-3 were shown by HuD siRNA-treated HSC3 cells. Furthermore, we clarified that HuD regulates expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, VEGF-D, matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9. These results suggest that HuD is a useful diagnostic and therapeutic target in OSCCs.
Conhecimento de mulheres sobre alguns aspectos do papiloma vírus humano
Authors: Pimenta Ana Teresa Mancini , Melli Patricia Pereira dos Santos , Duarte Geraldo , Qintana Silvana Maria
Published: September 2014

Modelo do estudo: transversal. Objetivo do estudo: verificar o conhecimento de mulheres atendidas em dois ambulatórios de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia sobre o Papiloma Vírus Humano (HPV). Metodologia: foram utilizados dados secundários de um banco de dados eletrônico em que as informações foram coletadas por meio de um questionário no período de 2007 a 2012. Resultados: foram incluídas 1.470 mulheres com média de idade de 30,7 anos. Dentre as mulheres, 51,0% já haviam ouvido falar de HPV, porém, apenas 41,6% sabiam da transmissão sexual e 33,3% da relação do patógeno com o câncer de colo uterino. Conclusão: os dados permitiram concluir que o conhecimento sobre HPV é deficiente, necessitando desenvolvimento de ações educativas voltadas para a prevenção da infecção pelo HPV e seu agravamento.
Comportamentos associados à manutenção dos resultados após cirurgia bariátrica
Authors: Antonini Vanessa D.S. , Hintze Luzia J. , Silva Danilo F. da , Hermoso Danielle A.M. , Carolino Idalina D.R. , Nardo Jr Nelson
Published: September 2014

A Cirurgia Bariátrica (CB) é um método de tratamento da obesidade que vem recebendo destaque principalmente devido aos resultados positivos no tratamento das comorbidades associados ao excesso de peso. No entanto, esse tipo de intervenção necessita de uma fase de adaptação e mudanças de estilo de vida principalmente devido a complicações pós-cirúrgicas relacionadas à deficiência de algumas vitaminas e minerais. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do estudo foi associar o perfil antropométrico, composição corporal e tempo desde a realização da CB com a adesão a comportamentos alimentares saudáveis de pacientes submetidos a esse procedimento. Estudo do tipo transversal realizado com 98 pacientes submetidos ao bypass gástrico em Y de Roux. Foram avaliados peso, estatura, circunferência da cintura (CC) e quadril, massa de gordura, massa muscular esquelética e o comportamento alimentar por meio do questionário Bariatric Surgery Self-management Questionnaire Seven, que possui 7 domínios referentes ao comportamento alimentar (CA), à ingestão de fluidos (IF), à atividade física (AF), à gestão da síndrome de dumping (GSD), à admissão de suplementos (AS), ao consumo de frutas, vegetais e grãos integrais (CFVGI) e à ingestão de proteínas (IP). Foi verificada associação entre adesão total dos comportamentos alimentares, CFVGI, IP com o estado nutricional e CC após a CB. Observamos também menor peso, IMC e CC e menor % e quantidade de gordura em pacientes que apresentaram boa adesão nesses domínios. Nos domínios, CA, IF e AF os pacientes com menor tempo após a realização da CB apresentaram melhor adesão a esses comportamentos. Os sujeitos mais jovens apresentaram maior adesão à AF comparados aos mais velhos. Em conclusão, a adesão aos comportamentos alimentares após a CB se associou com o estado nutricional e CC, bem como com o tempo após a realização à CB. Sugere-se a realização de estudos que proponham modelos de intervenção para o melhor controle e manutenção dos comportamentos alimentares dos pacientes submetidos a esse procedimento.
Tbx5 Is Required for Avian and Mammalian Epicardial Formation and Coronary Vasculogenesis
Authors: Diman Nata Y.S.-G. , Brooks Gabriel , Kruithof Boudewijn P.T. , Elemento Olivier , Seidman J.G. , Seidman Christine E. , Basson Craig T. , Hatcher Cathy J.
Published: September 2014

Rationale
:

Holt–Oram syndrome is an autosomal dominant heart-hand syndrome caused by mutations in the
TBX5
gene. Overexpression of Tbx5 in the chick proepicardial organ impaired coronary blood vessel formation. However, the potential activity of Tbx5 in the epicardium itself, and the role of Tbx5 in mammalian coronary vasculogenesis, remains largely unknown.

Objective
:

To evaluate the consequences of altered
Tbx5
gene dosage during proepicardial organ and epicardial development in the embryonic chick and mouse.

Methods and Results
:

Retroviral-mediated knockdown or upregulation of Tbx5 expression in the embryonic chick proepicardial organ and proepicardial-specific deletion of
Tbx5
in the embryonic mouse (
Tbx5
epi-/
) impaired normal proepicardial organ cell development, inhibited epicardial and coronary blood vessel formation, and altered developmental gene expression. The generation of epicardial-derived cells and their migration into the myocardium were impaired between embryonic day (E) 13.5 to 15.5 in mutant hearts because of delayed epicardial attachment to the myocardium and subepicardial accumulation of epicardial-derived cells. This caused defective coronary vasculogenesis associated with impaired vascular smooth muscle cell recruitment and reduced invasion of cardiac fibroblasts and endothelial cells into myocardium. In contrast to wild-type hearts that exhibited an elaborate ventricular vascular network,
Tbx5
epi-/-
hearts displayed a marked decrease in vascular density that was associated with myocardial hypoxia as exemplified by hypoxia inducible factor-1α upregulation and increased binding of hypoxyprobe-1.
Tbx5
epi-/-
mice with such myocardial hypoxia exhibited reduced exercise capacity when compared with wild-type mice.

Conclusions:

Our findings support a conserved Tbx5 dose-dependent requirement for both proepicardial and epicardial progenitor cell development in chick and in mouse coronary vascular formation.
Alternating Proximal Regularized Dictionary Learning
Authors: Salzo Saverio , Masecchia Salvatore , Verri Alessandro , Barla Annalisa
Published: September 2014

We present an algorithm for dictionary learning that is based on the alternating proximal algorithm studied by Attouch, Bolte, Redont, and Soubeyran ( 2010 ), coupled with a reliable and efficient dual algorithm for computation of the related proximity operators. This algorithm is suitable for a general dictionary learning model composed of a Bregman-type data fit term that accounts for the goodness of the representation and several convex penalization terms on the coefficients and atoms, explaining the prior knowledge at hand. As Attouch et al. recently proved, an alternating proximal scheme ensures better convergence properties than the simpler alternating minimization. We take care of the issue of inexactness in the computation of the involved proximity operators, giving a sound stopping criterion for the dual inner algorithm, which keeps under control the related errors, unavoidable for such a complex penalty terms, providing ultimately an overall effective procedure. Thanks to the generality of the proposed framework, we give an application in the context of genome-wide data understanding, revising the model proposed by Nowak, Hastie, Pollack, and Tibshirani ( 2011 ). The aim is to extract latent features (atoms) and perform segmentation on array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) data. We improve several important aspects that increase the quality and interpretability of the results. We show the effectiveness of the proposed model with two experiments on synthetic data, which highlight the enhancements over the original model.
A DC Programming Approach for Finding Communities in Networks
Authors: Le Thi Hoai An , Nguyen Manh Cuong , Dinh Tao Pham
Published: September 2014

Automatic discovery of community structures in complex networks is a fundamental task in many disciplines, including physics, biology, and the social sciences. The most used criterion for characterizing the existence of a community structure in a network is modularity, a quantitative measure proposed by Newman and Girvan ( 2004 ). The discovery community can be formulated as the so-called modularity maximization problem that consists of finding a partition of nodes of a network with the highest modularity. In this letter, we propose a fast and scalable algorithm called DCAM, based on DC (difference of convex function) programming and DCA (DC algorithms), an innovative approach in nonconvex programming framework for solving the modularity maximization problem. The special structure of the problem considered here has been well exploited to get an inexpensive DCA scheme that requires only a matrix-vector product at each iteration. Starting with a very large number of communities, DCAM furnishes, as output results, an optimal partition together with the optimal number of communities [Formula: see text]; that is, the number of communities is discovered automatically during DCAM’s iterations. Numerical experiments are performed on a variety of real-world network data sets with up to 4,194,304 nodes and 30,359,198 edges. The comparative results with height reference algorithms show that the proposed approach outperforms them not only on quality and rapidity but also on scalability. Moreover, it realizes a very good trade-off between the quality of solutions and the run time.
On Quadrature Methods for Refractory Point Process Likelihoods
Authors: Mena Gonzalo , Paninski Liam
Published: September 2014

Parametric models of the conditional intensity of a point process (e.g., generalized linear models) are popular in statistical neuroscience, as they allow us to characterize the variability in neural responses in terms of stimuli and spiking history. Parameter estimation in these models relies heavily on accurate evaluations of the log likelihood and its derivatives. Classical approaches use a discretized time version of the spiking process, and recent work has exploited the existence of a refractory period (during which the conditional intensity is zero following a spike) to obtain more accurate estimates of the likelihood. In this brief letter, we demonstrate that this method can be improved significantly by applying classical quadrature methods directly to the resulting continuous-time integral.
Studies of Madagascan Ptiliidae (Coleoptera) 3: The genus Acrotrichis including twenty seven new species
Authors: DARBY BY MICHAEL
Published: September 2014

This is the third report detailing Ptiliidae collected from forest leaf litter by the Moravian Museum (Brno, Czech Republic) expeditions to Madagascar 2010–2013. After completion of the first draft, which identified 16 new species, more Madagsacan Acrotrichis, collected at earlier dates, were found in the Natural History Museum in London (BMNH). These included 17 unpublished new species determined by Colin Johnson in 1969, 7 of which proved to be the same as those in the Czech material. The decision was taken, therefore, to broaden the scope of the report to include all the mounted Madagascan material in the Museum and to use Johnson’s ms names to avoid potential future confusion.        27 new species are described and figured: Acrotrichis absona sp. n.; A. barclayi sp. n.; A. bibula sp. n.; A. boothi sp. n.; A. clareae sp. n.; A. colini sp. n.; A. cuspida sp. n.; A. difficilis sp. n.; A. exigua sp. n.; A. hammondi sp. n.; A. heissi sp. n.; A. hova sp. n.; A. impressa sp. n.; A. lacrimosa sp. n.; A. lauta sp. n.; A. loganovi sp. n.; A. magnifica sp. n.; A. malitiosa sp. n.; A. obscura sp. n.; A. perexigua sp. n.; A. perfida sp. n.; A. strenua sp. n.; A. subafricana sp. n.; A. tampoketsae sp. n.; A. terminalis sp. n.; A. truncata sp. n. and A. tuberosa sp. n., and new data recorded for six others: a. africana Johnson, A. africanoides Johnson, A. cursitans (Nietner), A. discoloroides Johnson, A. minuscula Johnson, and A. superbioides Johnson.        New criteria for assessing speciation in Acrotrichis are suggested, the definition of subgenera discussed and a key to all the known species from the island provided.
Pratylenchus quasitereoides n. sp. from cereals in Western Australia
Authors: HODDA MIKE , COLLINS SARAH J. , VANSTONE VIVIEN A. , HARTLEY DIANA , WANJURA WOLFGANG , KEHOE MONICA
Published: September 2014

Pratylenchus quasitereoides n. sp. is described from Western Australia. It is characterized by 2 external incisures in the head cuticle, 4 lateral incisures at mid body, stylet length 17 µm to 19 µm, V greater than 75%, PUS less than 2 body diameters long and crenate tail terminus. Molecular data confirm the separation of the new species from morphologically similar and sympatric congeners. The host range also differs from P. teres as well as the sympatric P. neglectus, P. thornei and P. penetrans. Reproduction rates on oat and lupin differed between the new species and P. neglectus. The species was originally described as P. teres, but the species concept of P. teres now encompasses a considerable range of different attributes spread over two described subspecies and three variant populations. The new species differs from all these subspecies and populations in at least two characters. It differs from all populations of P. teres teres most notably in having four rather than 6 lateral lines and a more posterior vulva. It differs from P. teres vandebergae in having a longer stylet and longer overlap of the intestine by the oesophageal glands. Characters which can be used under low magnification to separate the new species from the closest sympatric congeners (P. thornei and P. crenatus) are discussed.
Hurricanes and Climate: The U.S. CLIVAR Working Group on Hurricanes
Authors: Walsh Kevin J. E. , Camargo Suzana J. , Vecchi Gabriel A. , Daloz Anne Sophie , Elsner James , Emanuel Kerry , Horn Michael , Lim Young-Kwon , Roberts Malcolm , Patricola Christina , Scoccimarro Enrico , Sobel Adam H. , Strazzo Sarah , Villarini Gabriele , Wehner Michael , Zhao Ming , Kossin James P. , LaRow Tim , Oouchi Kazuyoshi , Schubert Siegfried , Wang Hui , Bacmeister Julio , Chang Ping , Chauvin Fabrice , Jablonowski Christiane , Kumar Arun , Murakami Hiroyuki , Ose Tomoaki , Reed Kevin A. , Saravanan Ramalingam , Yamada Yohei , Zarzycki Colin M. , Vidale Pier Luigi , Jonas Jeffrey A. , Henderson Naomi
Published: September 2014

While a quantitative climate theory of tropical cyclone formation remains elusive, considerable progress has been made recently in our ability to simulate tropical cyclone climatologies and to understand the relationship between climate and tropical cyclone formation. Climate models are now able to simulate a realistic rate of global tropical cyclone formation, although simulation of the Atlantic tropical cyclone climatology remains challenging unless horizontal resolutions finer than 50 km are employed. This article summarizes published research from the idealized experiments of the Hurricane Working Group of U.S. Climate and Ocean: Variability, Predictability and Change (CLIVAR). This work, combined with results from other model simulations, has strengthened relationships between tropical cyclone formation rates and climate variables such as midtropospheric vertical velocity, with decreased climatological vertical velocities leading to decreased tropical cyclone formation. Systematic differences are shown between experiments in which only sea surface temperature is increased compared with experiments where only atmospheric carbon dioxide is increased. Experiments where only carbon dioxide is increased are more likely to demonstrate a decrease in tropical cyclone numbers, similar to the decreases simulated by many climate models for a future, warmer climate. Experiments where the two effects are combined also show decreases in numbers, but these tend to be less for models that demonstrate a strong tropical cyclone response to increased sea surface temperatures. Further experiments are proposed that may improve our understanding of the relationship between climate and tropical cyclone formation, including experiments with two-way interaction between the ocean and the atmosphere and variations in atmospheric aerosols.
Inertial Motion Viewed from a Potential Well
Authors: Phillips Norman
Published: September 2014

The motion of a mass undergoing free horizontal motion on a planet’s surface is analyzed in an inertial frame by using a potential well presentation. The following results from the conventional analysis in rotating coordinates are also found in inertial coordinates. Under typical circumstances the mass oscillates about the latitude where its angular momentum per unit mass matches that of the planet’s surface. For masses with nonzero angular momentum, conservation of angular momentum bounds the mass away from the pole. Motion with zero angular momentum is confined to a fixed meridian plane on which the mass may oscillate across the pole. Motion across the equator is possible only for masses with sufficient energy. Masses with angular momentum per unit mass greater than that of the planet at the equator oscillate about the equator with a limiting period determined by the excess angular momentum.
Observed Southern Ocean Cloud Properties and Shortwave Reflection. Part II: Phase Changes and Low Cloud Feedback*
Authors: McCoy Daniel T. , Hartmann Dennis L. , Grosvenor Daniel P.
Published: September 2014

Climate models produce an increase in cloud optical depth in midlatitudes associated with climate warming, but the magnitude of this increase and its impact on reflected solar radiation vary from model to model. Transition from ice to liquid in midlatitude clouds is thought to be one mechanism for producing increased cloud optical depth. Here observations of cloud properties are used from a suite of remote sensing instruments to estimate the effect of conversion of ice to liquid associated with warming on reflected solar radiation in the latitude band from 40° to 60°S. The calculated increase in upwelling shortwave radiation (SW↑) is found to be important and of comparable magnitude to the increase in SW↑ associated with warming-induced increases of optical depth in climate models. The region where the authors' estimate increases SW↑ extends farther equatorward than the region where optical depth increases with warming in models. This difference is likely caused by other mechanisms at work in the models but is also sensitive to the amount of ice present in climate models and its susceptibility to warming.
The Impact of Finite-Amplitude Bottom Topography on Internal Wave Generation in the Southern Ocean
Authors: Nikurashin Maxim , Ferrari Raffaele , Grisouard Nicolas , Polzin Kurt
Published: September 2014

Direct observations in the Southern Ocean report enhanced internal wave activity and turbulence in a kilometer-thick layer above rough bottom topography collocated with the deep-reaching fronts of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Linear theory, corrected for finite-amplitude topography based on idealized, two-dimensional numerical simulations, has been recently used to estimate the global distribution of internal wave generation by oceanic currents and eddies. The global estimate shows that the topographic wave generation is a significant sink of energy for geostrophic flows and a source of energy for turbulent mixing in the deep ocean. However, comparison with recent observations from the Diapycnal and Isopycnal Mixing Experiment in the Southern Ocean shows that the linear theory predictions and idealized two-dimensional simulations grossly overestimate the observed levels of turbulent energy dissipation. This study presents two- and three-dimensional, realistic topography simulations of internal lee-wave generation from a steady flow interacting with topography with parameters typical of Drake Passage. The results demonstrate that internal wave generation at three-dimensional, finite bottom topography is reduced compared to the two-dimensional case. The reduction is primarily associated with finite-amplitude bottom topography effects that suppress vertical motions and thus reduce the amplitude of the internal waves radiated from topography. The implication of these results for the global lee-wave generation is discussed.
Osseointegrated Hearing Implant Surgery Using a Novel Hydroxyapatite‐Coated Concave Abutment Design
Authors: Wilkie Mark D. , Chakravarthy Kalyan M. , Mamais Constantinos , Temple Robert H.
Published: September 2014

Objective

Recently, a novel hydroxyapatite‐coated concave bone‐anchored hearing device abutment was introduced, the first designed specifically to improve outcomes in soft‐tissue preservation osseointegrated hearing implant surgery. We sought to evaluate our early experience with this abutment.

Study Design

A single‐center case series with planned data collection including patient‐reported outcomes.

Setting

Tertiary referral center.

Subjects and Methods

The first 30 consecutive patients undergoing osseointegrated hearing implant surgery using the Cochlear DermaLock (BA400) abutment at our institution (February‐September 2013) were studied. Follow‐up was for a minimum of 6 months. The following data were collected: operative duration; wound healing; postoperative complications, chiefly soft‐tissue reactions graded by Holger's classification; and postintervention patient‐perceived health‐related quality of life, as assessed by the Glasgow Benefit Inventory (GBI).

Results

The mean operating time was 16 minutes (range, 9‐22 minutes). Favorable and rapid wound healing was observed in all cases. Three patients (10%) reported transient periabutment paraesthesia. Four patients (13.3%) suffered adverse soft‐tissue reactions, all of which were successfully managed conservatively and graded as follows: Holger's grade 1 (n = 2), 2 (n = 1), and 3 (n = 1). Respective overall general health, social support, and physical health GBI mean scores were +38 (95% confidence interval [CI], 31 to 45), +51 (95% CI, 42 to 60), +19 (95% CI, 8 to 30), and +8 (95% CI, –1 to 17).

Conclusion

Our preliminary clinical and patient‐reported outcomes support soft‐tissue preservation surgery and indicate that the technology on which the Cochlear DermaLock (BA400) abutment is based may enhance soft‐tissue outcomes in this context. We recommend further appraisal of this approach on a larger scale with more extensive follow‐up.
Locatives and existentials in L2 Spanish: The acquisition of the semantic contrasts among ser, estar and haber
Authors: Perpiñán Silvia
Published: September 2014

This study analyses the expression of locative and existential predicates elicited through an oral production task in the speech of two groups of learners of Spanish as a second language (L2) (first language English, n = 18; first language Moroccan Arabic, n = 14), and a native control group ( n = 18). A total of 25,000 words were analysed, with over 1,000 locative and existential predicates. These predicates were coded according to the lexical verb used as well as the semantics of the theme; special attention was given to the use of copular verbs. Results indicated a delayed development of estar to express location, some overextension of haber with definite themes, and a small incorrect use of ser to locate objects in the English group. Overall, it is argued that given the case of complex semantics but simple syntax, the phenomenon is relatively unproblematic for L2 learners even at intermediate proficiency, probably due to the fact that these semantic concepts are already present in the first languages (L1s) of the learners, and particularly because these are mapped onto lexical pieces and not onto functional morphology, the bottleneck for L2 acquisition.
Possibility of the most cost efficient choice: A divided process approach to method and location selection for municipal solid waste management
Authors: Korucu M. Kemal , Cihan Ahmet , Alkan Atakan , Ozbay Ismail , Karademir Aykan , Aladag Zerrin
Published: September 2014

As studies on municipal solid waste management increased in recent years, many new mathematical models and approaches with a focus on determining the best treatment and disposal scenario were developed and applied. In this study, a mixed integer linear programming model was developed to be used as a facilitative tool for the cost minimisation of municipal solid waste management practices. Since municipal solid waste mass is a mixed composition of various types of waste components with different physical and chemical properties, the model was designed to include all the suitable treatment and disposal methods for these different waste components. The method alternatives with multiple waste inputs, such as aerobic biological treatment and the thermal processes, were divided into a number of inputs to remove their non-linear structures. This way, linear programming could be used, and the linear cost function could be minimised over a set of linear constraints with integer variables. The model was applied to the city of Kocaeli, which will require a new waste management application in the future, beginning from 2015. The results obtained for different haul distance constraints in the study area were presented and assessed. The results showed that all the information required for a comprehensive management task could be modelled by a linear optimisation model with a divided processes approach easily.
A Novel Mutation of ALDH5A1 Gene Associated With Succinic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Deficiency
Authors: Lin Chun-Yen , Weng Wen-Chin , Lee Wang-Tso
Published: September 2014

Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder affecting γ-aminobutyric acid degradation. We described a boy with a severe phenotype of succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency and novel mutations of ALDH5A1 gene. He was referred because of developmental delay, focal seizures, and choreoathetosis at 6 months of age. The diagnosis of succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency was confirmed by increased level of γ-hydroxybutyric acid in urine and novel compound heterozygous mutations in the ALDH5A1 gene. His seizures were successfully controlled. However, the patient showed a slowly progressive clinical course with severe neurologic deficits. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed abnormal high intensities in the putamen and globus pallidi on T2-weighted images when he was 6 months old, and more diffuse abnormal signal intensities over bilateral hemispheres were noted when he was 3 years old.
In vivo efficacy for novel combined anticalcification treatment of glutaraldehyde-fixed cardiac xenograft using humanized mice
Authors: Lim Hong-Gook , Choi Sun Young , Jeong Saeromi , Shin Jun-Seop , Park Chung-Gyu , Kim Yong Jin
Published: September 2014

The animal immune response against Galα1,3-Galβ1-4GlcNAc-R(α-Gal) epitopes gives an important cause for the failure of glutaraldehyde(GA)-fixed cardiac xenografts. This study aimed to assess the in vivo effect of our novel combined anticalcification treatment, which includes immunologic modification, using α1,3-galactosyltransferase knock-out mice to mimic human immunologic environment. Bovine pericardia were cross-linked with GA and treated with decellularization, immunologic modification with α-galactosidase, space-filler with polyethylene glycol, organic solvent, and detoxification. The bovine pericardia were subcutaneously implanted into humanized and wild type mice, and titers of anti α-Gal IgM and IgG were evaluated at various time intervals. In vivo calcification and immunohistochemistry staining was assessed for the explanted xenografts several months after implantation. In humanized mice, titers for anti α-Gal IgM and IgG increased as the period of implantation increased, and reduced with our anticalcification treatments. The humanized mice had more in vivo calcification in GA-fixed xenografts treated with our anticalcification protocol compared with wild type mice. In humanized mice, in vivo calcification reduced with our combined anticalcification treatment, and the immunohistochemistry of the harvested xenografts proved the compatible findings with the results of in vivo immunogenicity and calcification. Humanized mice are effective model for the assessment of in vivo calcification, and our combined anticalcification treatments reduced in vivo calcification as well as in vivo immunogenicity in humanized mice group, suggesting that the animal immune reaction is the cause for calcification. Our novel combined anticalcification strategies of decellularization, immunologic modification, space-filler, organic solvent, and detoxification have possible promise to prolong the lifespan of cardiac xenograft.
Research Productivity in Top-Ranked Schools in Psychology and Social Work
Authors: Holosko Michael J. , Barner John R.
Published: September 2014

Objectives:

We sought the answer to one major research question—Does psychology have a more defined culture of research than social work?

Methods:

Using U.S. News and World Report 2012 and 2013 rankings, we compared psychology faculty ( N = 969) from their 25 top ranked programs with a controlled sample of social work faculty ( N = 970) in their respectively ranked programs. We conducted analyses and between- and within-group comparisons across each academic rank, namely assistant, associate, and full professor. Three metrics used in these analyses were the h-index, the age-weighted citation rate (AWCR), and the per-author AWCRpA developed by Harzing. This study represents the first of its kind within the social sciences to utilize the latter two metrics, which discern one’s lifetime scholarship impact, controlling for both seniority and age.

Results:

Psychology faculty statistically outperformed social work faculty in every comparative category tested using all three metrics. These included both between each respective discipline and between each rank within each discipline. Particularly surprising was the predominance of the full professors in psychology performance over their social work counterparts.

Conclusions:

We make an empirical case offering the working hypothesis that a culture of research is embedded in psychology as a profession and academic discipline, and such a culture does not exist in social work. We hypothesize that a main element in developing any profession’s scholarship capacity includes ongoing comprehensive research mentorship—a factor not readily apparent in social work academic units.
Vicarious Resilience in Counselors of Child and Youth Victims of Interpersonal Trauma
Authors: Silveira Fabiane S. , Boyer Wanda
Published: September 2014

In this study, we investigated how bearing witness to clients’ resilience processes during treatment impacts the personal and professional lives of counselors who work with child and youth victims of interpersonal trauma. We used a qualitative instrumental multiple-case study design and thematic analysis to explore the research question. The participants indicated that they experienced an increased sense of hope and optimism, and were inspired by the strengths of their clients while working with this population. As the participants reflected on the challenges that their clients faced, the participants put their own challenges and strengths into perspective; they reported positive changes in their personal relationships. We suggest that future research might investigate the relationships we found between optimism, hope, and vicarious resilience processes, as well as the potential relationship between the counseling approach that counselors adopt and the development of vicarious resilience responses.
Radical enactivism, Wittgenstein and the cognitive gap
Authors: Loughlin Victor
Published: September 2014

REC or radical enactive (or embodied) cognition involves the claim that certain forms of mentality do not involve informational content and are instead to be equated with temporally and spatially extended physical interactions between an agent and the environment. REC also claims however that other forms of mentality do involve informational content and are scaffolded by socially and linguistically enabled practices. This seems to raise what can be called a cognitive gap question, namely, how do non-contentful behaviours give rise to contentful behaviours? In this paper, I show how REC can tackle a certain understanding of this question. I argue that if REC were to endorse claims made by the later Wittgenstein, then REC could deny that there is any (synchronous) gap in our intelligent behaviour.
Missing Connexions: The politics of airport expansion in the United Kingdom
Authors: O’Doherty Damian
Published: September 2014

Airports have recently become a central preoccupation for scholars concerned with a range of issues in the social sciences and the wider academy focused around governance and the modern nation state, philosophy, political economy, economics, geography, society and community. There is, however, little critical scholarly interest in what can be learned about management and organisation from airports, which has meant that our discipline is ceding ground to unitarist and highly functional, prescriptive and practitioner-oriented literature. One of the most significant critical challenges to this managerial orthodoxy is the recent work of Griggs and Howarth who adopt the theoretical resources of Laclau and Mouffe to advance their thesis that a discourse built around ‘sustainable aviation’ is established within public policy in an attempt to develop ‘hegemonic’ consensus around airport expansion. Laclau and Mouffe have been a significant influence on organisation studies, but when applied empirically their work is discovered to embody contradictions and tensions that prove ultimately self-defeating for those interested in developing a ‘critical’ politics of organisation. We consider the possibilities for a more critical and politically engaged form of organisation analysis based upon what we call here an ‘interventionary ethnography’.
Tourists infiltrating authentic domestic space at Balinese home cooking schools
Authors: Bell Claudia
Published: September 2014

Over 2.5 million tourists visit Bali, Indonesia, each year. Attracted by the warm climate, its sheer physical beauty and its reputation for affordability, friendliness and great food, Bali provides an exotic respite from the Western world.
Guided bone regeneration produced by new mineralized and reticulated collagen membranes in critical-sized rat calvarial defects
Authors: Veríssimo Denusa M , Leitão Renata FC , Figueiró Sônia D , Góes Júlio C , Lima Vilma , Silveira Charles O , Brito Gerly AC
Published: September 2014

The aim of this study was to evaluate the bone regenerative effect of glutaraldehyde (GA) cross-linking on mineralized polyanionic collagen membranes in critical-sized defects on rat calvarias. Bone calvarial defects were induced in Wistar rats, which were then divided into five groups: a sham group; a control group, which received a commercial membrane; and GA, 25GA, and 75GA groups, which received one of three different polyanionic collagen membranes mineralized by 0, 25, or 75 hydroxyapatite cycles and then cross-linked by GA. Bone formation was evaluated based on digital radiography and computerized tomography. Histological analyses were performed 4 and 12 weeks after the surgical procedure to observe bone formation, membrane resorption, and fibrous tissue surrounding the membranes. Measurement of myeloperoxidase activity, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin 1beta production was performed 24 h after surgery. The percentage of new bone formation in the GA, 25GA, and 75GA groups was higher compared with the control and sham groups. In the GA and 25 GA groups, the membranes were still in place and were contained in a thick fibrous capsule after 12 weeks. No significant difference was found among the groups regarding myeloperoxidase activity and interleukin 1beta levels, although the GA, 25GA, and 75GA groups presented decreased levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha compared with the control group. These new GA cross-linked membranes accelerated bone healing of the calvarium defects and did not induce inflammation. In addition, unlike the control membrane, the experimental membranes were not absorbed during the analyzed period, so they may offer advantages in large bone defects where prolonged membrane barrier functions are desirable.