bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lessons learned from nurses’ requests for ethics consultation: Why did they call and what did they value?
Authors: Bartlett Virginia L , Finder Stuart G
Published: August 2016

Background:

An ongoing challenge for clinical ethics consultation is learning how colleagues in other healthcare professions understand, make use of, and evaluate clinical ethics consultation services.

Aim:

In pursuing such knowledge as part of clinical ethics consultation service quality assessment, clinical ethics consultation services can learn important information about the issues and concerns that prompt colleagues to request ethics consultation. Such knowledge allows for greater outreach, education, and responsiveness by clinical ethics consultation services to the concerns of clinician colleagues.

Design:

This quality assessment project explores consultation requests and follow-up questionnaire responses voluntarily submitted from nurses who requested clinical ethics consultation. We present qualitative data analyzed using content analysis and constant comparison methods to identify key concerns that prompted requests as well as common themes among nurse requestors’ evaluations of what was most important in clinical ethics consultations.

Participants and context:

A total of 41 nurses requesting clinical ethics consultation and 15 who returned the follow-up questionnaire.

Ethical considerations:

Our Office of Research Compliance and Quality Improvement determined that our project was not considered human subjects research and so did not require institutional review board approval or exemption. However, efforts were made to avoid any sense of coercion and all data were de-identified prior to analysis.

Findings:

Our analysis revealed six main categories of issues that prompted nurses’ requests for ethics consultation, as well as unifying themes around nurses’ experiences, advocacy, and family support while caring for patients in the intersections of patients, families, and physicians.

Discussion:

The insights gained from analyzing nurses’ requests for and responses to clinical ethics consultation may serve as a resource for clinical ethics consultation services seeking to identify, respond to, and educate regarding issues of importance to nurse colleagues and may be a resource for nursing administrators and leadership seeking to identify and address common ethical issues nurses face.

Conclusion:

Ongoing work on clinical ethics consultation service quality improvement and engagement with our nursing colleagues about their concerns prompting—and their evaluations of—clinical ethics consultation are necessary.
Finance–Growth–Energy Nexus and the Role of Agriculture and Modern Sectors: Evidence from ARDL Bounds Test Approach to Cointegration in Pakistan
Authors: Shahbaz Muhammad , Islam Faridul , Butt Muhammad Sabihuddin
Published: August 2016

This article explores the relationship between financial development and energy consumption by incorporating economic growth, agriculture and modern sectors in Pakistan over the period 1972–2011. The autoregressive distributive lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach to cointegration, assuming structural breaks, confirms cointegration. Innovation accounting approach, used to examine the direction of causality, shows that economic growth causes energy demand. We also fine bidirectional causality between financial development and energy consumption, and between modern sector growth and energy consumption. Energy consumption Granger causes agriculture growth. The results offer valuable insights for policymakers in crafting appropriate energy policy for Pakistan.
Interpreting strike activity in western Europe in the past 20 years: the labour repertoire under pressure
Authors: Vandaele Kurt
Published: August 2016

This article provides a comparative overview of developments in strike activity in western Europe since the mid-1990s. It uses various indicators to analyse discernible trends over time in levels and patterns of strike activity across sectors and countries. The article argues that strikes are generally blending into a broader palette of workers’ repertoire of collective action. This possible blending applies in particular to a context in which the institutional logic of collective bargaining is underdeveloped or has been undermined.
Research on Social Work Practice in Egypt and the Arab World
Authors: Megahead Hamido A.
Published: August 2016

This article aims at introducing the research on social work practice in Egypt and the Arab World as a thematic topic. It has started with the essence of the current Arab World and its definition. Social work practice and models of social work intervention in this specific region have been described in terms of its specific and topographic nature. Three main contributors and players to research on social work practice have been included namely social work practitioners, academic social work researchers, and doctoral dissertations granted by Western universities to Arabs. The discussions and implications to research on social work practice in Egypt and the Arab World have been addressed.
Cocreation or Collusion: The Dark Side of Consumer Narrative in Qualitative Health Research
Authors: Pascal Jan , Sagan Olivia
Published: August 2016

Health, mental health, and social care policy are dominated by the imperative of employing person-centered approaches. Such involvement of the “consumer” is generally claimed to provide a counter-narrative to the psychiatric and medical paradigm of illness. Taking a critical and reflexive standpoint, we find ourselves asking: Is there a dark side to employing person-centered approaches and potential loss and risk to participants themselves? To explore these questions further, we undertook a condensed critique of the current mental health, health, and social care policy arena. We then move to methodological concerns about ways in which person-centered research, including our own, can inadvertently reproduce the neoliberalist agenda. To conclude, we offer our own lived experiences as a cautionary tale. We also posit that a post-Foucauldian governmentality framework can assist researchers to avoid contributing to the very problems we wish to resolve.
Exploring situational interest sources in the French physical education context
Authors: Roure Cédric , Pasco Denis
Published: August 2016

Based on the framework of interest, studies have shown that situational interest possesses strong motivation potential for students in physical education. Understanding how teachers can use situational interest in a classroom context is critical to motivate students. However, such investigations have been exclusively conducted in the United States and little is known about situational interest in other contexts. Grounded specifically in the French physical education curriculum, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between the five situational interest sources (instant enjoyment, exploration intention, attention demand, challenge and novelty) and total interest, to demonstrate which sources could be related to total interest and to determine possible mediators’ effects among sources. Students ( n = 601; Mage = 14.37; range 11–18 years; SD = 1.96; 51.4% boys) from 25 classes in six secondary schools participated in the study. They responded to the French situational interest scale after practising learning tasks in regular physical education lessons. On the basis of multiple-regression and mediation analyses, a structural equation model was formed to map out the meaningfulness of the relationships among situational interest sources and the total interest. Our results showed that instant enjoyment and exploration intention have direct and positive effects on total interest. In addition, these sources mediated the effects from attention demand and challenge toward the total interest. These results indicated that an effective way to motivate students in physical education is to build motivational components into the course content, especially those which enhance situational interest.
Evaluation of the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature in a thermally sprayed CoNiCrAlY coating by small punch multi-step loading tests
Authors: Chen H , Yang J , Xiao XL
Published: August 2016

High velocity oxy-fuel thermal spraying was used to prepare free-standing CoNiCrAlY (Co–31.7%Ni–20.8%Cr–8.1%Al–0.5%Y, all in wt%) coatings of an approximate thickness of 0.5 mm. Small punch tests under multi-step loading conditions were performed between room temperature and 600 ℃ on these samples to evaluate the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature. The microstructure of the coatings was characterised using a scanning electron microscope with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. A two-phase structure consisting of fcc γ-Ni and bcc β-NiAl was found to exist. The displacements obtained from small punch multi-step loading tests at each load increment were relatively small and similar at temperatures below 500 ℃ but a significant increase in displacement was noted at 600 ℃. Fractographic investigation showed that the main fracture mode was dominated by extensive γ matrix tearing at elevated temperatures. A distinct stress and strain behaviour was found at 600 ℃, indicating that the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature of this CoNiCrAlY coating occurred between 500 ℃ and 600 ℃.
Do locals benefit from being in the ‘tourist capital’? Views from Livingstone, Zambia
Authors: Bwalya-Umar Bridget , Mubanga Kabwe H
Published: August 2016

This study used 268 household and 13 key informant interviews to get the views of Livingstone city residents on economic, environmental and sociocultural effects of tourism on local households and the city. Results show very few economic benefits at household level with residents perceiving big tourism-related businesses, the state and its officials to be the main beneficiaries. Although tourists were commended for helping vulnerable residents, they were blamed for contributing to prostitution and diseases by local residents; and were targeted for petty thefts by unemployed youths. Sociocultural effects of tourism are significant for residents but are routinely ignored or glossed over by tourism development practitioners. Tourism had resulted in a general improvement in the city environs. It is concluded that tourism development projects must target increased benefits for residents to increase benevolent attitudes from them towards tourism in their city, and to ensure a more sustainable variant of tourism is achieved in the tourist capital.
LDcFR: A new model to determine value of airline passengers
Authors: DehghaniZadeh MohammadReza , Fathian Mohammad , Gholamian MohammadReza
Published: August 2016

The increasing willingness to travel as well as the increasing number of airlines create a strong competitive market in the air transport industry. In such circumstances, paying attention to the market needs is the prerequisite of the success and profitability of the company. Hence, nowadays, airlines endeavor to provide their customers with appropriate services and incentives to maintain the existing customers and attract new ones. The importance of providing appropriate incentives, on the one hand, and lack of resources, on the other, have led to airlines’ incapacity to provide good services for all of their customers. A logical solution in such a situation is to determine strategies to provide services for customers based on their value. The value model developed in this study is based on a combination of four variables, namely, relationship Length, Frequency, Distance and Recency, which is named LDcFR model. Using these variables along with the imperialist competitive algorithm clustering technique and Markov chain will determine the value of each passenger. The results of the study indicate that the LDcFR model is useful for determining the passenger value.
Modeling Turkish outbound tourism demand using a dynamic panel data approach
Authors: Dogru Tarik , Sirakaya-Turk Ercan
Published: August 2016

The purpose of this study is to model and empirically test outbound tourism demand of Turkish travel market. For this purpose, panel cointegration tests and panel fully modified ordinary least squares method, which produces asymptotically unbiased and normally distributed coefficient estimates, are employed for 12 Turkish travel markets. The results indicate that there is a cointegration relation in the model, and income, relative price, and word of mouth are significant determinants affecting outbound tourism demand of Turkey for the 12 destinations. Managerial implications are discussed.
Analysis of the parameters affecting pressure characteristics of medical stockings
Authors: Sarı Burak , Oğlakcıoğlu Nida
Published: August 2016

Compression stockings, which constitute one of the most important groups of compression garments, are engineered to regulate blood flow in venous systems in order to use in many medical fields such as supporting muscles and preventing edema. In the present study, it was aimed to analyze the effects of production parameters such as tightness, elastane yarn feeding tension and elastane yarn counts on pressure behavior of compression stockings, which are commonly used to adjust pressure values. The results of the statistical analysis indicated that the tested parameters had significant effects on pressure characteristics of compression stockings. Moreover, multiple regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between the fabric parameters and pressure values. The analysis exhibited the strong impact of thickness and traversal elasticity on pressure characteristics. All parameters have positive impacts except traversal elasticity.
Electric load simulator system control based on adaptive particle swarm optimization wavelet neural network with double sliding modes
Authors: Wang Chao , Hou Yuanlong , Gao Qiang , Hou Runmin , Deng Tongbin
Published: August 2016

In this article, an adaptive particle swarm optimization wavelet neural network with double sliding modes controller is proposed to address the complex nonlinearities and uncertainties in the electric load simulator. The adaptive double sliding modes–particle swarm optimization wavelet neural network algorithm with the self-learning structures and parameters is designed as a torque tracking controller, in which a number of hidden nodes are added and pruned by the structure learning algorithm, and the parameters are online adjusted by the adaptive particle swarm optimization at the same time. Moreover, one conventional sliding mode is introduced to track the time-varying reference command, and the other complementary sliding mode is adopted to attenuate the effect of the approximation error. Furthermore, the relative parameters should comply with some estimation laws on the basis of the Lyapunov theory used to guarantee the system stability. Finally, the simulation experiments are carried out on the hardware-in-the-loop platform for the electric load simulator, the performance of the adaptive double sliding modes–particle swarm optimization wavelet neural network with structure learning is verified compared with some similar control methods. In addition, different amplitudes and frequencies of the reference commands are introduced to further evaluate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed algorithms.
An effective variational model for simultaneous reconstruction and segmentation of blurred images
Authors: Williams Bryan M , Spencer Jack A , Chen Ke , Zheng Yalin , Harding Simon
Published: August 2016

The segmentation of blurred images is of great importance. There have been several recent pieces of work to tackle this problem and to link the areas of image segmentation and image deconvolution in the case where the blur function κ is known or of known type, such as Gaussian, but not in the case where the blur function is not known due to a lack of robust blind deconvolution methods. Here we propose two variational models for simultaneous reconstruction and segmentation of blurred images with spatially invariant blur, without assuming a known blur or a known blur type. Based on our recent work in blind deconvolution, we present two solution methods for the segmentation of blurred images based on implicitly constrained image reconstruction and convex segmentation. The first method is aimed at obtaining a good quality segmentation while the other is aimed at improving the speed while retaining the quality. Our results demonstrate that, while existing models are capable of segmenting images corrupted by small amounts of blur, they begin to struggle when faced with heavy blur degradation or noise, due to the limitation of edge detectors or a lack of strict constraints. We demonstrate that our new algorithms are effective for segmenting blurred images without prior knowledge of the blur function, in the presence of noise and offer improved results for images corrupted by strong blur.
Extensive Mobile Thrombus of the Internal Carotid Discovered After Intravenous Thrombolysis
Authors: Scharf Eugene L. , Fugate Jennifer E. , Hocker Sara E.
Published: August 2016

This case report describes a rare presentation of ischemic stroke secondary to an extensive internal carotid artery thrombus, subsequent therapeutic dilemma, and clinical management. A 58-year-old man was administered intravenous (IV) thrombolysis for right middle cerebral artery territory ischemic stroke symptoms. A computed tomography angiogram of the head and neck following thrombolysis showed a longitudinally extensive internal carotid artery thrombus originating at the region of high-grade calcific stenosis. Mechanical embolectomy was deferred because of risk of clot dislodgement and mild neurological symptoms. Recumbency and hemodynamic augmentation were used acutely to support cerebral perfusion. Anticoagulation was started 24 hours after thrombolysis. Carotid endarterectomy was completed successfully within 1 week of presentation. Clinical outcome was satisfactory with discharge modified Rankin Scale score 0. A longitudinally extensive carotid artery thrombus poses a risk of dislodgement and hemispheric stroke. Optimal management in these cases is not known with certainty. In our case, IV thrombolysis, hemodynamic augmentation, delayed anticoagulation, and carotid endarterectomy resulted in a favorable clinical outcome.
Variations in Strategies to Prevent Ventriculostomy-Related Infections
Authors: Lewis Ariane , Czeisler Barry M. , Lord Aaron S.
Published: August 2016

Background and Purpose:

The ideal strategy to prevent infections in patients with external ventricular drains (EVDs) is unclear.

Methods:

We conducted a cross-sectional survey of members of the Neurocritical Care Society on infection prevention practices for patients with EVDs between April and July 2015.

Results:

The survey was completed by 52 individuals (5% response rate). Catheter selection, use of prolonged prophylactic systemic antibiotics (PPSAs), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collection policies, location of EVD placement, and performance of routine EVD exchanges varied. Antibiotic-impregnated catheters (AICs) and conventional catheters (CCs) were used with similar frequency, but no respondents reported routine use of silver-impregnated catheters (SICs). The majority of respondents were either neutral or disagreed with the need for PPSA with all catheter types (CC: 75%, AIC: 85%, and SIC: 87%). Despite this, 55% of the respondents reported PPSAs were routinely administered to patients with EVDs at their institutions. The majority (80%) of the respondents reported CSF collection only on an as-needed basis. The EVD placement was restricted to the operating room at 27% of the respondents’ institutions. Only 2 respondents (4%) reported that routine EVD exchanges were performed at their institution.

Conclusion:

Practice patterns demonstrate that institutions use varying strategies to prevent ventriculostomy-related infections. Identification and further study of optimum care for these patients are essential to decrease the risk of complications and to aid development of practice standards.
Step Up and Be Counted! Update
Authors: Bergren Martha Dewey , Maughan Erin D. , Wolfe Linda C. , Cole Marjorie , Johnson Kathleen H. , Watts H. Estelle S.
Published: August 2016

There is a significant gap in meaningful school health data in the current national education and health data sets. Current data sets do not sufficiently capture the number and credentials of school health providers, the health of students who receive care at school, or the outcomes of school nurse interventions. Since 2014, school nurses across the United States have embraced Step Up and Be Counted!: A National Standardized School Nurse Data Set. The goal of Step Up is to collect school nurse data in a standardized, uniform format. Prior to the project, no data were recorded in a uniform manner across states and health services delivery models. Data have been reported for two years on who is delivering health care in school, selected student chronic conditions, and the disposition of students once they leave the school health office. Professional development sessions have been conducted at the national conferences of both the NASN and the NASSNC and at the state level. As the project matures, steps are being taken to increase the number of school nurses and states participating and to assure data accuracy and validity.
Correlates of Political Ideology Among U.S.-Born Mexican Americans
Authors: Naumann Laura P. , Benet-Martínez Verónica , Espinoza Penelope
Published: August 2016

Latino Americans have to navigate involvement and identification with two cultural groups—their ethnic culture and the dominant American culture. Differences in cultural identifications have been found to correlate with political affiliation and attitudes toward acculturation. Using a sample of U.S.-born Mexican Americans, we examined several correlates of political ideology including the strength of identification with both Mexican and Anglo-American cultures, acculturation attitudes, and socioeconomic status (SES). Strength of Mexican identity, stronger integration acculturation attitudes, weaker assimilation attitudes, and lower SES were associated with holding a more liberal political ideology. Furthermore, we found that integration acculturation attitudes mediated and SES moderated the relationship between Mexican identification and political ideology. These findings suggest that political campaigns should be mindful of differences in cultural identifications and acculturation attitudes when addressing their Latino constituents.
Ethnically-Based Theme House Residency and Expected Discrimination Predict Downstream Markers of Inflammation Among College Students
Authors: Rheinschmidt-Same Michelle , John-Henderson Neha A. , Mendoza-Denton Rodolfo
Published: August 2016

We examined participation in an ethnically based residential program or “theme house” during the first year of college as a predictor of downstream immune system inflammation among undergraduates. Using a 4-year prospective design, we compared markers of inflammation among Latino/Latina students in a residential theme program with a matched sample of nonresidents. Students provided oral mucosal transudate samples for the assessment of circulating Interleukin 6 (IL-6), an inflammatory cytokine linked to health vulnerabilities. Findings suggest a protective benefit of theme house residency especially among students with anxious expectations of discrimination. Such expectations predicted higher levels of IL-6 after the first year of college among nonresidents only. In years 2–3, following exit from the theme house, the relationship between expected discrimination and IL-6 levels remained positive among nonresidents and was attenuated among residents, controlling for past IL-6 levels. Culturally based spaces may therefore offset the physiological burden of expected discrimination among undergraduates.
Diabetes-related lower extremity amputations in Singapore
Authors: Ang Yee , Yap Chun Wei , Saxena Nakul , Lin Lee-Kai , Heng Bee Hoon
Published: August 2016

Background:

Lower extremity amputation (LEA) is defined as the complete loss in the transverse anatomical plane of any part of the lower limb. The objective of this study is to look at the trend and mortality trend of LEA performed in diabetes patients from 2008 to 2013.

Methods:

All patients age 15 and above with diabetes mellitus who had undergone LEAs (both major and minor) in Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2013 were included. The outcomes of interest were deaths from all causes within 30 days and within 1 year.

Results:

Major LEA rate has increased from 11.0 per 100,000 population in 2008 to 13.3 per 100,000 population in 2013. The 30-day mortality rate ranges from 6.0% to 11.1% and the 1-year mortality rate ranges from 24.3% to 30.6%. Minor LEA rate has increased from 10.8 per 100,000 population in 2008 to 13.9 per 100,000 population in 2013. The 30-day mortality rate ranges from 1.5% to 3.7% and the 1-year mortality rate ranges from 9.7% to 18.3%.

Conclusions:

The trends in major and minor LEA are increasing. The 30-day and 1-year mortality for both major and minor LEA are comparable to figures reported worldwide. There is a need to re-look at preventive strategies to reduce LEA in diabetes patients in Singapore.
Devices to help combat stone retropulsion during ureteroscopic lithotripsy in 2016
Authors: Phan Yih Chyn , Segaran Surayne , Chew Ben H , Sriprasad Seshadri , Rane Abhay
Published: August 2016

Proximal migration of stones during ureteroscopic lithotripsy is a common problem that faces many urologists and reduces stone-free rates, which translates into higher costs and longer operative times. In a bid to increase stone-free rates, there are several anti-retropulsion devices on the market, to help urologists during ureteroscopic lithotripsy. We previously reviewed these anti-retropulsion devices and wish to update what is currently available on the market.
Sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation (SANT) of the spleen: a case report with FDG-PET findings and literature review
Authors: Imamura Yumi , Nakajima Reiko , Hatta Kazuha , Seshimo Akiyoshi , Sawada Tatsuo , Abe Koichiro , Sakai Shuji
Published: August 2016

We report the 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) findings of sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation (SANT) of the spleen. The patient was a 37-year-old woman with a splenic mass incidentally found on abdominal ultrasound. FDG-PET/CT showed weak FDG accumulation (maximum standardized uptake value = 3.65). An unenhanced CT scan showed a low density and well-circumscribed splenic tumor that demonstrated weak enhancement from the arterial to delayed phase. Although hemangioma or hamartoma of the spleen was preoperatively diagnosed, histopathological examination revealed SANT. Therefore, when a splenic tumor with weak contrast medium enhancement and low FDG accumulation is observed, SANT should be considered as a differential diagnosis. Although CT and magnetic resonance imaging features of SANT have been reported, there are few reports on FDG-PET/CT findings. We report the radiological features of SANT, including FDG-PET/CT, and review the literature on SANT.
Accordion phenomenon of the hepatic artery: mimicker of vasospasm or intimal injury
Authors: Shibuya Kei , Koyama Yoshinori , Tsushima Yoshito
Published: August 2016

The accordion phenomenon occurs because of mechanical distortion of a straightened vessel during coronary and vascular interventions. To date, however, this phenomenon has not been reported in vessels of the upper abdomen. We therefore describe the accordion phenomenon of the hepatic artery during transarterial chemoembolization seen while treating a liver tumor. As the accordion phenomenon is now known to involve hepatic arteries, it should be differentiated from vascular complications such as vasospasm or intimal injury.
Feasibility of Intraoperative Extubation in Pediatric Heart Transplantation
Authors: Schnittman Samuel R. , Rashid Saima , Egbe Alexander , Love Barry , Nguyen Khanh , Mittnacht Alexander J. C. , Weiss Aaron J.
Published: August 2016

Based on described benefits of fast-tracking and early extubation in children undergoing congenital heart surgery, we applied this concept to selected children following uncomplicated orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT). In this case series, we report four patients who were extubated immediately after surgery in the operating room. A mild respiratory acidosis and hypercapnia were noted on the initial arterial blood gases, were well tolerated, and were normalized within 6 to 12 hours. There was no mortality among patients who were extubated in the operating room, and no patients required reintubation. We conclude that operating room extubation is feasible in selected patients undergoing OHT.
Training Methods and Tacit Knowledge Sharing: Evidence from IT Organizations
Authors: Khera Shikha N. , Gulati Karishma
Published: August 2016

The rationale of the current research is to seek the role of training methods (on-the-job and off-the-job) on Tacit Knowledge Sharing (TKS) behavior of the employees of IT organizations in India. Highly prevalent on-the-job and off-the-job training methods (six of each) have been identified through Delphi (experts from IT organizations in India). The research involves an in-depth study of training methods, and their affect on TKS behavior. For the study, TKS has been divided into three forms: Organization related Knowledge Sharing behavior (OKSb), Project/Task related Knowledge Sharing behavior (PKSb) and Skills related Knowledge Sharing behavior (SKSb). The study focuses on IT organizations in India. A semi-structured questionnaire has been developed. For the data analysis of the research SEM tool has been employed with training methods as Independent variables and forms of TKS as Dependent variables. Since the paper is based on a single research setting, the findings have potential limitation of the static nature of the study i.e. generalization of the findings.
Organization, Opportunity, and the Shifting Politics of Employment Discrimination
Authors: Dixon Marc , Kane Melinda , DiGrazia Joseph
Published: August 2016

Despite the major breakthrough for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) activists on marriage equality, the fight against employment discrimination remains elusive. Whether one is protected from discrimination in employment on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity depends on where one lives and is contingent on a patchwork of state and local policies. In this article, we investigate the adoption of state nondiscrimination laws that are inclusive of sexual orientation between 1980 and 2009. Findings from our event history analysis of policy adoption contribute to the study of social movements and LGBT politics in three ways. First, and consistent with social movement theory, we find countermovement opposition to gay rights as well as pro-LGBT political opportunities to be critical. Second, we find organization and opportunity to fluctuate in importance over time, underscoring the need for historically informed analyses that seriously consider when key actors should matter for social movement outcomes. Third, we produce new state-level estimates of public opinion of nondiscrimination laws. We show that while very high levels of public support are common for states that adopt nondiscrimination laws, they are not enough on their own, particularly in the face of opposition.
When the Going Gets Tough
Authors: Elmore Kristen , Oyserman Daphna , Smith George , Novin Sheida
Published: August 2016

The motivational impact of messages about how to interpret experienced difficulty with schoolwork was tested in two studies. Students read that experienced difficulty with schoolwork is a signal either of the importance or of the impossibility of succeeding in school, rated how much they agreed, and completed a difficult task (Raven’s Progressive Matrices). In the absence of reactance (Study 1, N = 93), students’ performance reflected an assimilation of the interpretation of experienced difficulty message to which they were randomly assigned. In the presence of conditions conducive to reactance (Study 2, N = 181), the effect on performance was more complex, reflecting contrast with or assimilation to message content depending on message acceptance. Contrast (rejecting the message) bolstered performance if the message was that experienced difficulty implies that the task is impossible, whereas assimilation (accepting the message) bolstered performance if the message was that experienced difficulty implies that the task is important.
Understanding the Relationship Between Parental Education and STEM Course Taking Through Identity-Based and Expectancy-Value Theories of Motivation
Authors: Svoboda Ryan C. , Rozek Christopher S. , Hyde Janet S. , Harackiewicz Judith M. , Destin Mesmin
Published: August 2016

High school students from lower–socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds are less likely to enroll in advanced mathematics and science courses compared to students from higher-SES backgrounds. The current longitudinal study draws on identity-based and expectancy-value theories of motivation to explain the SES and mathematics and science course-taking relationship. This was done by gathering reports from students and their parents about their expectations, values, and future identities for science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) topics beginning in middle school through age 20. Results showed that parental education predicted mathematics and science course taking in high school and college, and this relationship was partially mediated by students’ and parents’ future identity and motivational beliefs concerning mathematics and science. These findings suggest that psychological interventions may be useful for reducing social class gaps in STEM course taking, which has critical implications for the types of opportunities and careers available to students.
Analogy and Higher Order Thinking
Authors: Richland Lindsey Engle , Begolli Kreshnik Nasi
Published: August 2016

Linking ideas, concepts, and disciplinary content is an underused yet effective educational strategy for fostering students’ higher order thinking. A body of psychological research on analogical reasoning can inform the challenge of encouraging higher order thinking in schools. We focus in particular on the teaching of mathematics and highlight alignments between a psychologically based definition of higher order thinking and educational goals as described within U.S. mathematical practice standards. Finally, this analysis implicates policies for supporting students’ higher order thinking including requiring assessments that capture these skills; disseminating assessment data meaningfully to help improve teachers, schools, or curricula; and designing professional development that draws explicit attention to these skills.
Reading Difficulties in Young Children
Authors: Clemens Nathan H. , Ragan Kelsey , Widales-Benitez Oscar
Published: August 2016

Despite decades of research on reading development and instructional practices that promote reading proficiency, millions of children in the United States still fail to acquire adequate reading skills. This article discusses factors that influence children’s difficulties in reading acquisition, but which have received less attention, relative to basic early literacy skills. Specifically, vocabulary knowledge, behavioral regulation, teacher knowledge and school factors, and individualized instruction predict whether children develop proficient reading skills. Particularly, they explain the reading difficulties of demographic groups that have historically experienced the lowest reading achievement: children living in poverty and English learners. The article offers recommendations and implications for policy.
What Can Students Do With the Words They Know? An ELA Teacher Takes on Science
Authors: Hayden H. Emily , Eades-Baird Michelle
Published: August 2016

The Common Core State Standard and Next Generation Science Standards emphasize language and literacy across disciplines, requiring shifts in teaching practices and inventive approaches. This case study focuses on the instructional decision-making and activities of one uniquely experienced and qualified seventh-grade science teacher, whose English Language Arts background made her approach to vocabulary instruction distinctive, as she selected focus vocabulary and incorporated morphological instruction and lexical enhancement into science teaching practices. Results highlight the differences between content literacy and disciplinary literacy and the pitfalls of applying broad literacy strategies without deep consideration of disciplinary knowledge and requirements and provide examples of naturalistic ways to incorporate morphology instruction into science instructional conversations to enhance students’ relational knowledge.
Dangling Literate Identities in Imagined Futures
Authors: Buchholz Beth A.
Published: August 2016

Using data from a 4-year longitudinal ethnography in a multiage classroom, this study followed one “struggling” reader/writer from his first day of kindergarten into first grade in order to explore how time shapes young children’s beliefs about reading and writing as well as constructions of literate identities. Using mediated discourse analysis (MDA) and timescale analysis to unpack the social interactions in this rich case, I consider the social construction of temporality in this classroom and, more specifically, the juxtaposition of diverse productions of time across sites of engagement. Findings suggest that the spatiotemporal matrix grounding classroom literacy interactions is neither static nor predetermined; it is produced within intersecting discourses, historical bodies, and artifacts that children and adults draw on during a moment of interaction. Significantly, rethinking the spatiotemporal matrix in schools offers possibilities for reclaiming the “struggling” child’s literate identities.
Role of Oral Proficiency on Reading Comprehension
Authors: Uchikoshi Yuuko , Yang Lu , Lohr Brandi , Leung Genevieve
Published: August 2016

This longitudinal study examined the role of oral proficiency on English reading comprehension, as measured with elicited narratives using a wordless picture book, Frog Where are You?. The sample consisted 102 English language learners, including both Spanish and Cantonese speakers. Narrative samples were collected in the winter of first grade and reading skills were assessed on the same children one year later in second grade. Children were enrolled in either bilingual programs or mainstream programs. Multiple regression results show it was not the quantity and variety of words used in the narratives that predicted English reading comprehension one year later. Instead, the ability to produce a coherent oral narrative, in either the home language or English, explained a small variance in English reading comprehension for both English learner groups. These findings highlight the importance of examining narrative skills, especially as measured by narrative structure. Implications for parents and educators are discussed.
Crossing Boundaries in Literacy Research
Authors: Almasi Janice F.
Published: August 2016

The concept of boundaries, as borders that separate two entities, can be problematic in that those who “belong” within a boundary in a given social world or entity are separated from those who do not, creating binaries. The field of literacy research has had a long history of binarism in which instructional methods, epistemological positions, and paradigms have been pitted against one another. An ontological discussion of the nature of boundaries, combined with a content analysis of journal citations, revealed that current literacy research is characterized more as multidisciplinary rather than interdisciplinary, suggesting that literacy research may be characterized by disciplinary binarism. A situational analysis of the social worlds and arenas present in an interdisciplinary research project illustrates the complexity of interdisciplinary partnerships and the manner in which boundary objects can be created to negotiate boundaries and avoid intellectual, disciplinary, epistemological, and methodological nativism.
Thinking Outside of the Sector
Authors: Kallstrom Eric , Kovoor Philip , Kovoor Joel , Kovoor Joshua , Le Don , Bakshi Sahil
Published: August 2016

Routine transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) provides detailed information about intracardiac heart function and physiology. Although statements about the pericardium and visualization of extracardiac areas such as the liver and pleural space are provided in a report, it is often beyond the standard of practice for the cardiac sonographer and interpreting cardiologist to comment on extraneous thoracic abnormalities. This case study demonstrates the findings of a mediastinal thymoma detected by TTE and cross-correlation with thoracic computed tomographic angiography to further detail the existence and location of this incidental finding. The aim of this case study is to alert sonographers and physicians to this particular pathologic entity that was seen during an echocardiogram and can be further investigated for diagnostic completeness.
Clonal selection and double-hit events involving tumor suppressor genes underlie relapse in myeloma
Authors: Weinhold Niels , Ashby Cody , Rasche Leo , Chavan Shweta S. , Stein Caleb , Stephens Owen W. , Tytarenko Ruslana , Bauer Michael A. , Meissner Tobias , Deshpande Shayu , Patel Purvi H. , Buzder Timea , Molnar Gabor , Peterson Erich A. , van Rhee Frits , Zangari Maurizio , Thanendrarajan Sharmilan , Schinke Carolina , Tian Erming , Epstein Joshua , Barlogie Bart , Davies Faith E. , Heuck Christoph J. , Walker Brian A , Morgan Gareth J.
Published: August 2016

Key Points

Hits in driver genes and bi-allelic events affecting tumor suppressors increase apoptosis resistance and proliferation rate–driving relapse. Excessive biallelic inactivation of tumor suppressors in high-risk cases highlights the need for TP53-independent therapeutic approaches.
“The Full Horror of Plumbing”: Psychoanalysis, Existentialism, and the British Postwar Weird
Authors: Kennedy Joe
Published: August 2016

William Sansom belongs to a loose category of British novelists working around World War II and in the wake of prewar modernism who produced fictions recapitulating neither high modernism's assertive experimentation nor the 1930s retreat into social realism. While this writing failed to precisely resemble late modernist minimalism or the nouveau roman (new novel), it resonated with such approaches. Despite the alleged parochialism of postwar British writing, key late modernist concerns—exhaustion, silence, a withdrawing phenomenological world—are frequently present. While most of his fictional output depicts bourgeois disconcertedness, Sansom also wrote horror stories, sometimes sharing clear affinities with the Lovecraftian weird. This article considers the weirdness of his more apparently conventional fiction, specifically The Body (1949). Here one finds an apparently straightforward tale of domestic anxiety, a farce of jealous subterfuge. Nevertheless, the writing deals in intensities that disrupt the quotidian frame, particularly in scenes attending to the inanimate stuff of the middle-class lifeworld. Most Sansom criticism reads this paraphernalia according to first-wave Freudianism. Sex—or its repression—manifests in unlikely places until the libidinally trussed narrator finds everything horrific. However, this interpretative key cannot dispel an overwhelming strangeness. The novel's dread is not just psychological but phenomenological. Reading this effect via Graham Harman's imagining of a Lovecraftian Martin Heidegger for whom dasein is “no longer the biggest star in the theatre,” I argue that The Body mediates, as both a late modernist and a weird text, between competing psychoanalytic and existential accounts of the uncanny.
Morbid Symptoms: An Interview with China Miéville
Authors: Noys Benjamin , Murphy Timothy S.
Published: August 2016

In this wide-ranging interview, the New Weird novelist and critic China Miéville offers an account of weird fiction's liminal status as a countertradition that problematizes the critical divisions between science fiction, fantasy, and horror. In driving the rationalist positivism that generates these generic divisions toward a traumatic antihumanist nihilism, the weird generates not only a new teratology focused on the tentacle but also the possibility of an unexpected way out of the postmodern impasse of proliferating irony and self-reflexivity.
Genomic variant annotation workflow for clinical applications
Authors: Thurnherr Thomas , Singer Franziska , Stekhoven Daniel J. , Beerenwinkel Niko
Published: August 2016

Annotation and interpretation of DNA aberrations identified through next-generation sequencing is becoming an increasingly important task. Even more so in the context of data analysis pipelines for medical applications, where genomic aberrations are associated with phenotypic and clinical features. Here we describe a workflow to identify potential gene targets in aberrated genes or pathways and their corresponding drugs. To this end, we provide the R/Bioconductor package rDGIdb, an R wrapper to query the drug-gene interaction database (DGIdb). DGIdb accumulates drug-gene interaction data from 15 different source databases and allows filtering on different levels. The rDGIdb package makes these resources and tools available to R users. Moreover, DGIdb queries can be automated through incorporation of the rDGIdb package into NGS sequencing pipelines.
EFFECTIVENESS OF MINERAL FERTILIZER ACCORDING TO SOIL MOISTURE FOR PLANTING OF SPRING DURUM WHEAT IN THE CONDITIONS FOREST-STEPPE OF MIDDLE VOLGA REGION
Authors: Амиров  , Amirov Marat
Published: August 2016

The paper presents the results of research on leached chernozem and gray forest soils on the effect of mineral fertilizers in combination with various indicators of soil moisture, watering. During all periods of its growth and development durum wheat is more demanding on the main factors than soft wheat, so its cultivation technology should be directed to the full realization of the potential of this crop.
IMPACT OF CALCULATED DOSES OF FERTILIZERS ON PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF EARLY-MATURING POTATO OF SPRINT VARIETY IN THE FOREST-STEPPE OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION
Authors: Гареев  , Gareev Ilgiz
Published: August 2016

An application of calculated doses of fertilizer for potatoes in the gray forest soil of medium-size distribution, on average for 4 years, provided a receipt of planned crop of 25-35 tons per hectare and 94% of planned harvest in the background of 40 tons of tubers per hectare. Thus at higher fertilizer backgrounds, calculated to harvest 35-40 tons tubers per hectare, the starch content decreased and its harvest increased 2.22-2.33 times. The maximum permissible concentration of nitrate in potato tubers does not exceed.
WINTER HARDINESS OF APPLE VARIETIES AND FORMS IN TATARSTAN
Authors: Осипов  , Osipov Gennadiy
Published: August 2016

The article presents an estimation of winter hardiness of wood, bark and generative buds of apple varieties and forms in the Republic of Tatarstan. A considerable variability of wood freezing in each variety over the years was founded. We determined a percentage of influence of genotype, environment and the interaction of the genotype with the terms of the year on the variability of timber freezing. According to the second component’s winter hardiness in the Republic of Tatarstan the following apple varieties were recommended for use in the selection of apple trees on winter hardiness as sources in the industrial and amateur horticulture: Arcad tenkovsky, Anis scarlet, Kamskaya, Grushovka moskovskaya (k.) and elita 14-32.