bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modelling braided river morphodynamics using a particle travel length framework
Authors: Kasprak Alan , Brasington James , Hafen Konrad , Williams Richard D. , Wheaton Joseph M.
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Numerical models that predict channel evolution are an
essential tool for investigating processes that occur over timescales which render field
observation intractable. The current generation of morphodynamic models, however, either
oversimplify the relevant physical processes or, in the case of more physically
complete codes based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD), have computational
overheads that severely restrict the space–time scope of their application. Here we
present a new, open-source, hybrid approach that seeks to reconcile these modelling
philosophies. This framework combines steady-state, two-dimensional CFD hydraulics with a
rule-based sediment transport algorithm to predict particle mobility and transport paths
which are used to route sediment and evolve the bed topography. Data from two contrasting
natural braided rivers (Rees, New Zealand, and Feshie, United Kingdom) were used for
model verification, incorporating reach-scale quantitative morphological change budgets
and volumetric assessment of different braiding mechanisms. The model was able to
simulate 8 of the 10 empirically observed braiding mechanisms from the parameterized bed
erosion, sediment transport, and deposition. Representation of bank erosion and bar edge trimming
necessitated the inclusion of a lateral channel migration algorithm. Comparisons between
simulations based on steady effective discharge versus event hydrographs discretized into
a series of model runs were found to only marginally increase the predicted volumetric
change, with greater deposition offsetting erosion. A decadal-scale simulation indicates
that accurate prediction of event-scale scour depth and subsequent deposition present a
methodological challenge because the predicted pattern of deposition may never “catch
up” to erosion if a simple path-length distribution is employed, thus resulting in
channel over-scouring. It may thus be necessary to augment path-length distributions to
preferentially deposit material in certain geomorphic units. We anticipate that the model
presented here will be used as a modular framework to explore the effect of different
process representations, and as a learning tool designed to reveal the relative
importance of geomorphic transport processes in rivers at multiple timescales.
Educação generificada: uma análise do ensino técnico em Enfermagem em Goiás
Authors: Fernandes de Oliveira Patricia , Da Silva Nicolino Aline , José do Nascimento Maria , Cesar Soares de Oliveira Paulo
Published: March 2019

Este estudo descreve sobre as perspectivas gênero presentes na prática pedagógica de Cursos Técnicos em Enfermagem da cidade de Goiânia/GO, por meio da identificação e análise de saberes que constituem o tema nos documentos regulatórios e nas concepções de estudantes e coordenadores/as. A investigação foi realizada em sete instituições de educação profissional, por meio de pesquisa de campo/exploratória, de abordagem qualitativa, valendo-se do questionário, entrevista e observação participante. As análises mostram que há uma lógica em que o sexo biológico determina o gênero, sobretudo, nos documentos regulatórios do processo de formação, mas que as ideias de multiplicidade das sexualidades, dos gêneros e dos corpos também disputam reconhecimento e resistência, ao serem acionadas na curiosidade, nos questionamentos e nos conflitos.
Heteronormatividade e ensino na educação básica: um estado do conhecimento
Authors: Medeiros Tavares Melo Katamara , Souza Francisco das Chagas Silva , Pontes Verônica Maria de Araújo
Published: March 2019

Neste estudo descritivo e qualitativo, analisamos dezesseis trabalhos do Banco de teses e dissertações da CAPES acessíveis na Plataforma Sucupira que atendiam a temática da heteronormatividade na educação básica. No Brasil, concentra-se o maior número de crimes de homotransfobia do mundo. A superação desta realidade aponta para o respeito às diversidades de gênero, ainda frágeis nas práticas de ensino, principalmente - à luz de nossas reflexões - na educação infantil. Mesmo com a supressão dos temas transversais sobre diversidade sexual no currículo, acreditamos que retrocessos e avanços são inerentes à dinâmica das relações de ensino e aprendizado, tendo como resultado o inédito respeito e emancipação das diversidades de gênero.
As teorias sobre alfabetização e os impasses em torno do caráter social dos objetos de conhecimento
Authors: Maria Borges Anacleto Julia
Published: March 2019

O artigo apresenta uma discussão em torno da questão do caráter social da linguagem escrita e do papel do outro na sua aprendizagem a partir de revisão bibliográfica centrada em representantes das principais correntes de estudos sobre a alfabetização de crianças no Brasil. Apontando os limites que os estudos histórico-culturais de Smolka atribuem à perspectiva psicogenética, retomam-se os estudos de Emilia Ferreiro acerca do aspecto social implicado na alfabetização e sua importância para a discussão acerca dos determinantes estruturais da construção do conhecimento sobre a escrita. Por último, são apresentados alguns trabalhos no campo da aquisição da escrita que tomam a psicanálise lacaniana como referencial, destacando a inflexão do debate ao pensar a linguagem como lei estrutural do campo social.
O processo de mediação de leitura literária na educação básica
Authors: Cristhiane Santana da Mata Alba , Magalhães Correia Andrade Larissa
Published: March 2019

O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar um estudo sobre as características da mediação pedagógica desenvolvida no ensino da leitura literária no contexto de uma escola pública em Goiânia. A mediação pedagógica é compreendida como as condições de ensino propostas pelo professor, as formas de utilização de diferentes mediadores culturais e o tipo de relação estabelecida com os alunos. Foi realizada uma pesquisa de base qualitativa, por meio de observação de aulas de literatura, questionários e entrevistas com professores e alunos. Os resultados evidenciaram características da mediação que podem contribuir com a formação do leitor, com destaque para aspectos relacionados aos procedimentos de ensino e à relação professor-aluno, bem como a necessidade de investimentos no processo formativo dos professores de literatura.
A Reflection on the Concepts and the Perceptions of Language Policy
Authors: Souza Sweder , Calvo del Olmo Francisco Javier
Published: March 2019

Decisions around Language Policy and Planning are made around the world, every day, both formally by governments and informally by academics, community leaders, subjects etc. With regard to the underlying concept of what would be Language Policy, this objective essay goes into some points, such as: what are its bases and its assumptions; (1989), Johnson (2013), Ricento (2006), Lagares (2018), among others, seeking to propose a brief theoretical-methodological outline for a better understanding of the area that engenders the country in various instances of social life.
Antiepileptic Drug Use Patterns in Suspect Epileptic Dogs Among Neurology and Emergency Specialists
Authors: Meland Tessa , Carrera-Justiz Sheila , Buckley Gareth J.
Published: March 2019

This study used a cross-sectional survey designed to inquire about antiepileptic drug (AED) use in newly diagnosed idiopathic epileptic dogs among board-certified emergency and neurology specialists. Results were obtained from 300 completed surveys by 128 board-certified neurologists and 172 board-certified emergency and critical care (ECC) specialists. Case volume was slightly different between groups, with 36% of neurologists and 18% of ECC specialists managing >50 cases of first-time canine seizure patients yearly. The initial AED of choice was similar between the groups, with 66% of neurologists and 64% of ECC specialists using phenobarbital and 16% of neurologists and 26% of ECC specialists using levetiracetam. Although most respondents gave a loading dose of phenobarbital, roughly one-fourth of neurologists did not load the drug versus 6% of ECC specialists. The total loading dose was similar between respondents (16 mg/kg) but varied in administration protocol. Approximately half of neurologists and nearly two-thirds of ECC specialists gave a higher initial dose of levetiracetam than recommended. Almost all the respondents who gave a higher initial dose of levetiracetam used 60 mg/kg IV once. Understanding the common practices in AED use may promote future discussions regarding best practices in the management of canine idiopathic epilepsy.
Evaluation of heavy metal levels in serum of Wistar rats exposed to engine oil
Authors: Iyanda A.A. , Anetor J.I. , Anetor G.O.
Published: March 2019

Purpose: Data are available that indicate there is an elaborate elemental constitution of petroleum products, with identified elements contained in the many products being additive (e.g. Ca, Zn and P) as well as wear metals (e.g. Ag, Al, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mo, Na, Ni, Pb and Sn). In addition, incessant deliberate exposure of engine oil to both human beings and farm animals for therapeutic reason has been reported. Therefore the objective of this study is to evaluate the levels of heavy metals in serum of engine oil-exposed rats. Materials & Methods: Thirty adult female rats were divided equally into 5 groups. The first and second groups were treated with engine oil by oral route (as contaminant of feed) at dosage levels of 0.5 and 1.0 mL/kg body weight respectively. The third and forth groups received the test agent through the dermal route at dosage levels of 0.5 and 1.0 mL/kg body weight while the fifth group served as the control. The duration of the study was 30 days, after which blood was obtained from each rat, centrifuged and the resultant serum used for the analysis of heavy metals by employing Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), p≤0.05 was considered significant. Results: Data obtained showed that there were significant differences in the levels of aluminium, silicon, cadmium, lead, arsenic, vanadium, and nickel. Conclusions: These increases suggest that incessant exposure to engine oil may be dangerous and therefore constitute health hazard.
Analysis of students’ knowledge about the biological hazards present in the work of cosmetologist
Authors: Niczyporuk M. , Juśkiewicz I. , Knaś M.
Published: March 2019

Introduction: The cosmetologists' health complications can be inducted by their work conductors. The presence of numerous biological harmful factors in their future workplace requires from graduates the faculty of cosmetology extensive knowledge about health threats and prevention methods.
Purpose: The survey aimed to get to know and compare the knowledge of students of the first and third year of Cosmetology at the Lomza State University of Applied Sciences on the biological hazards present in cosmetologist's work.
Materials and methods: 50 female students (24 first-year students and 26 third-year students) took part in the survey.
Results: In almost all cases, responses from third- year Cosmetology showed a higher level of knowledge of biological infections which may threaten in the beauty parlor for themselves and their clients. Also, in the area of preventing the spread of these infections, they had a higher knowledge than their younger friends.
Conclusions: The level of knowledge of third-year students is significantly higher than the knowledge of first-year students in Lomza State University of Applied Sciences. It is satisfactory that first-year students who already started education in this field, they know biological threats.
The topic about midwifery healthcare in the event of a mass terrorist attack among Keynote Presentations at the International Conference on „Nursing Diagnosis & Midwifery 2018”
Authors: Mazurkiewicz D.W.
Published: March 2019

The International Conference "Nursing Diagnosis & Midwifery 2018" held on 10-11 September 2018 in Prague (Czech Republic) was important for the international environment of midwives and nurses. The Event gathered representatives of medical professions from almost all continents. Over 26 lectures on various medical and nursing topics and poster sessions were presented. This allowed for the deepening of knowledge in field ofmidwifery,
nursing and medical related sciences. It was a great opportunity to discussissuesthat are omitted in the framework of midwiferyand nursing programs, where such topicsare very important in the face of the threat of terrorism not only in the European Union.
Performance verification of methodology for determination of nitrate ion in drinking water samples
Authors: Ribeiro Beatriz Galdino , David Paulo Roberto De Barros Salomão , Daltro Tatiana Pinto Pereira , Charamba Lívia Vieira Carlini , Andrade Marcelo Farias de , Napoleão Daniella Carla
Published: March 2019

Contaminated water is one of the main public health risks. One way to assess its quality is by quantifying nitrate through ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometry. In this work, the performance of the UV spectrophotometric method for nitrate ion determination in water was studied, with linearity, precision, accuracy, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ) and robustness being verified. In the working range studied (5.0-25.0 mgN·L-1), all validation parameters are in accordance with the acceptance criteria established by INMETRO. In linearity, the value of r (0.999) was higher than the criterion (0.995). In the study of precision and accuracy, the coefficients of variation for repeatability and intra-laboratory reproducibility were 1.79 and 2.34%, and 1.44 and 2.52%, respectively (<5%). The value of the relative error (15.8 and 8.1%) was also lower than the criterion (≤ 20%). The LOD and LOQ obtained were 0.56 and 1.70 mgN·L-1, respectively. In the evaluation of the robustness no factor had a significant effect on the final result. Analyzing real samples, the percentages of recovery were between 88.5 and 103.6%, according to the established criteria (80-110%). In this way, it can be said that the method presents reliability to the intended purpose.
La Psicología en España. Ciencia y profesión
Authors: Carpintero Heliodoro
Published: March 2019

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Raíces europeas en la obra de Henry James
Authors: Álvarez María Antonia
Published: March 2019

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Presentación
Authors: Summers Gámez Joaquín
Published: March 2019

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Aldaba de Melilla : la historia interesada
Authors: Moga Romero Vicente
Published: March 2019

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Itinerario místico-mágico por Ikelaia : Morabos, leyendas y tradiciones populares
Authors: Calderón Ruiz Lucas , Ponce Gómez Adela Ana
Published: March 2019

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Notas para un análisis de la poesía de Miguel Fernández
Authors: Fernández de la Torre José Luis
Published: March 2019

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Joyería púnica en Melilla : los pendientes de la necrópolis del Cerro de San Lorenzo
Authors: Moratinos Bernardi Paloma
Published: March 2019

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El contagio de el Peñón que acredita los famosos Tropheos de la Facultad Médica : individual descripción de la constitución pestilente que padeció aquella Plaza en el año 1743
Authors: Exarch Thomas , De Figueroa Juan , Serrano Joseph
Published: March 2019

Edición facsímil de la publicación original impresa en Málaga, en 1744 por Thomas Exarch, Juan de Figueroa y Joseph Serrano.
La reforma de la constitución de 1978: razones de su conveniencia y alguna suspicacia sobre su viabilidad
Authors: Teruel Lozano Germán Manuel
Published: March 2019

Este trabajo tiene por objeto estudiar aquellas «exigenciaspolíticas» que justifican la conveniencia de reformar laConstitución de 1978 y su perímetro. Al mismo tiempo, se reconoceránaquellos factores políticos que cuestionan la viabilidad de esteproyecto. Por último, se advertirán los riesgos aparejados a la faltade reforma constitucional y se propondrá una reforma «serena» y«prudente» como antídoto frente a su envejecimiento y, especialmente,como ocasión para forjar una necesaria concordia políticaque refuerce la función de integración de la Constitución ante la actualcrisis.This paper aims to study those «political demands»that justify the convenience of reforming the Constitution of 1978and to analyse the perimeter of the reforms. At the same time, it rec-ognizes political factors that question the viability of this project. Finally,the paper warns of the risks associated with the lack of constitutionalreform. A «sober» and «wise» reform will be presented as anantidote to the aging of the Constitution and, especially, as an occasionto forge the political concord which it is necessary so as to reinforcethe role of integration of the Constitution besides the currentcrisis.
La caducidad en la iniciación del procedimiento sancionador tributario
Authors: Pérez Jordá Iván
Published: March 2019

El presente artículo se analiza detenidamente la caducidaden la incoación del procedimiento sancionador tributariocomo causa obstativa a la declaración de la responsabilidad infractora.This paper analyses expiration in the initiation of thepenalizing tax procedure as a circumstance which precludes penalizingliabilities.
El contenido jurídico del concepto del libre desarrollo de la personalidad en los sistemas constitucionales alemán y español
Authors: Ryszard Kosmider Mariusz
Published: March 2019

Aunque el concepto del libre desarrollo de la personalidadse posiciona distintamente en los ordenamientos constitucionalesalemán y español, respectivamente como derecho fundamentaly como principio rector, el contenido del mismo no tiene por quédiferenciarse. Contextualizando estas referencias con otras legislacionesnacionales, disposiciones internacionales, con la jurispruden-cia, la doctrina y las reflexiones extrajurídicas para la interpretaciónlingüística (literal), el artículo busca descubrir los rasgos universalesdel dicho concepto y desglosar su contenido con el fin de ofreceruna acepción jurídica vasta adaptable comúnmente en cualquiersistema legal que reconozca el valor de la composición libre y plenade la personalidad del individuo, así como también evaluar las ventajassociales de la protección jurídica explicita del bien (valor) dellibre desarrollo personal. Se llega a la conclusión que el significadodel concepto del libre desarrollo de la personalidad a parte de relacionarsecon la libertad de acción del sujeto, es decir de expresarselibremente en la esfera externa y de iniciación y mantenimiento derelaciones sociales exentas de intromisiones, impedimentos y autocensura(la protección de la vida privada y social), consiste en poderdesarrollar libremente y plenamente la esfera interna de lo psíquico,intelectual, cognitivo, artístico, emocional y espiritual de la persona.Although the concept of the free development of thepersonality is distinctly positioned in the German and Spanish constitutionalorder, respectively as the fundamental right and the guidingprinciple, its meaning does not have to be differentiated. Contextualizingthese references within other national legislations andinternational law for the systematic interpretation and within jurisprudence,doctrine and extrajudicial reflections for the linguistic(literal) interpretation, the article seeks to discover the universalfeatures of this concept and break down its content trying to givea vast and common juridical meaning suitable for any legal systemthat recognizes the importance of the free and complete compositionof the personality of the individual, as well as to evaluate the socialadvantages of the explicit legal protection of the good (value) ofthe free personal development. It is concluded that the meaning ofthe concept of the free development of the personality besides relatingitself to the freedom of action of the subject, i.e. the right to expressyourself freely in the outer sphere and the initiation and maintenanceof social relationships free of interferences, impedimentsand self-censorship (the respect for private and social life), consistsof the right to the development of the inner (personal) sphere of thepsychic, intellectual, cognitive, artistic, emotional and spiritual nature.
Why do Family Firms Pay Cash Dividends in Emerging Markets? Corporate Control and Family Succession in Korea
Authors: Ko Young Kyung
Published: March 2019

Following the economic crisis in 1997, the Korean government introduced the enhanced corporate governance and reform policy, which drove family-controlled firms to search strategic reaction for control succession and wealth transfer. This paper explores alternative explanations for why Korean firms choose to pay cash dividends around this corporate reform period. What lead firms to pay cash dividends remains largely unexplained by the reducing agency cost, signaling, or life-cycle theories. This study focuses on relations between the ownership structure and cash dividends payout, seeking effects deriving from (i) controlling shareholder (CS) and (ii) their family members. The logit analysis result shows that firms with large control rights, especially higher ownership of other family members of CS are more likely to pay cash dividends. After adjusting for the characteristics that affect the degree of cash dividends, ownership variables are positively related to payout ratios and dividend yields. CS family members' ownership has a statistically stronger effect on payout ratios than CS's. These results provide the evidence of incentive for corporate control succession within the family with least costs carried by the family members of controlling shareholders who positively influence payout decisions and dividend ratios.
Acute toxicity and responses of antioxidant systems to dibutyl phthalate in neonate and adultDaphnia magna
Authors: Shen Chenchen , Wei Jie , Wang Tianyi , Wang Yuan
Published: March 2019

Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) poses a severe threat to aquatic ecosystems, introducing hazards to both aquatic species and human health. The ecotoxic effects of DBP on aquatic organisms have not been fully investigated. This study investigates acute toxicity, oxidative damage, and antioxidant enzyme parameters in neonate and adultDaphnia magnaexposed to DBP. The obtained results show comparable DBP toxic responses in neonates and adults. The median lethal concentrations (LC50) of DBP in neonates exposed for 24 and 48 h were 3.48 and 2.83 mg/L, respectively. The LC50of adults for the same DBP exposure durations were 4.92 and 4.31 mg/L, respectively. Increased hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde were found in neonates and adults at both 24 and 48 h, while the total antioxidant capacity decreased. Superoxide dismutase activity increased significantly in neonates and adults exposed to 0.5 mg/L DBP, and subsequently diminished at higher DBP concentrations and prolonged exposure. Catalase and glutathione S-transferases activities both decreased markedly in neonates and adults. The changes observed were found to be time and concentration dependent. Overall, these data indicated that the acute toxic effects of DBP exposure on neonates were more pronounced than in adults, and oxidative injury may be the main mechanism of DBP toxicity. These results provide a functional link for lipid peroxidation, antioxidant capacity, and antioxidant enzyme levels in theDaphnia magnaresponse to DBP exposure.
Influence of Weather on Sugarcane Mealybugs and Their Natural Enemies
Authors: Miah Md. Nur Alam , Miah Md. Ramiz Uddin , Alam Md. Zinnatul , Hossain Md. Mofazzal
Published: March 2019

An experiment was conducted in two insect-prone areas viz., Bangladesh Sugarcrop Research Institute (BSRI), Pabna and Regional Sugarcrop Research Station (RSRS), Thakurgaon to study the influence of weather on sugarcane mealybugs and their natural enemies during the 2013-14 cropping season. A positive linear relationship was observed between mealybugs infestation with and relative humidity 51% (R2=0.514) but a negative correlation was found with temperature and rainfall.  The infestation was higher at Thakurgaon than at Pabna during almost entire cropping season but a little higher at Pabna in November. At Pabna, the lowest infestation (6.30%) was recorded in May and the highest (34.71%) in November. At Thakurgaon, the lowest infestation (7.48%) was found in May and the highest (29.30%) in September. Results revealed that per cent loss in weight of sugarcane was 4.76 to 36.50 at 10% and 100% infestation level in Pabna. On the other hand, 6.57 to 33.55% loss of cane weight was caused at 10% and 100% infestation level in Thakurgaon. The results proved that, as expected, weight loss generally increases with a stronger level of infestation. Different natural enemies viz., parasitic wasps, ladybird beetles, hover flies, brown lacewings, spider, Cryptochaetum sp. were found to be abundant in the study plot during the month of June to August.
β-Aminobutyric Acid Raises Salt Tolerance and Reorganises Some Physiological Characters in Calendula officinalis L. Plant
Authors: Ali E. F. , Hassan F. A. S.
Published: March 2019

Salt stress is one of the main factors limiting plant growth and yield globally. Seed priming technique with different chemicals including β-aminobutyric acid (BABA) is found to be effective in enhancing plant growth and development under biotic and abiotic stresses. Scarce reports have been found about BABA seed priming in medicinal plants under stress conditions; however, several studies have been conducted on other crops but have not made an in-depth study to investigate biochemical and physiological changes. In current study the shoot growth, relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, nutrient content (N, P, K, Na and Cl), proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, antioxidants enzymes (CAT, SOD and POD), membrane stability index (MSI), total phenolic and flavonoids contents lipid peroxidation and membrane permeability were investigated in Calendula officinalis L. leaves due to BABA seed priming and/or salt stress treatment. Salt stress treatment significantly reduced the growth characters, inflorescence number as well as its fresh and dry weights, N, P and K contents in leaves, RWC, chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, MSI and total phenolic and flavonoids contents of pot marigold. However, proline content, MDA accumulation, H2O2 content and antioxidant enzyme activity (CAT, SOD and POD) were increased due to salt stress. On the other hand, seed priming with BABA significantly improved the growth characters, inflorescence attributes and the previously mentioned physiological and biochemical parameters investigated relative to the control. Applying seed priming under salt stress conditions significantly mitigated the negative effects of salinity and enhanced the growth and productivity of pot marigold and therefore was suggested to be an effective technique prior to cultivation.
Examining the Effects of Cameroon Cooperative Credit Union League (CamCCUL) on Satisfaction of Members in Affiliated Credit Unions
Authors: Buwah Neba Noela , Akpan Emmanuel I. , Joyvice Chofor
Published: March 2019

Aim: This study set out to examine the effects of Cameroon Cooperative Credit Union League (CamCCUL) on the satisfaction of members in affiliated Credit Unions. In a world where heightened competition keeps elevating the pivotal role of customer as economic bottom line-drivers, exploring the role corporate parenting plays on both intermediary and ultimate customers is a timely development in research on customer satisfaction.

Study Design: An exploratory and cross-sectional design was adopted, including 138 Credit Unions. This stratified random sample was optimally established using the Taro Yamane formula.

Place and Duration: This study was conducted between April 2016 and November 2018, with secondary data collected for a forty years period, 1973 to 2015 (with mitigation for missing data).

Methodology: Secondary data for this study was obtained from CamCCUL archives. Augmented Dickey Fuller and Philip Perron tests revealed that the data was stationary for all the variables used. The Jacque-Bera test showed normality and Durbin Watson showed no autocorrelation. Tables were used to present the data obtained while the multiple regression was technique of analyses.

Conclusion: The findings revealed that CamCCUL affects 84.34 percent of closed accounts in its affiliated Credit Unions induced by membership dissatisfaction.The researcher therefore recommends that the Ministry of Finance should facilitate the creation of additional leagues which will help to increase the intensity of competition among leagues. Additionally, the Credit Unions should be granted the opportunity to choose to be affiliated or remain autonomous even with supplementary conditions to ensure financial security for their members.
Exploitation of Empty Palm Fruit Bunch for the Generation of Electricity
Authors: Onyechi Pius Chukwukelue , Igwegbe Chinenye Adaobi
Published: March 2019

Electricity is very important for the growth and economy of a country. Biomass wastes such as waste from oil palm plantation companies can be harnessed for this purpose since they are usually abundant in nature. The aim of this study is to evaluate the utilization of empty palm fruit bunch for the generation of electricity. The empty fruit bunch (EFB) was used in firing a steam turbine plant (boiler) for the generation of electricity. The power plant that was used in this research is owned by PRESCO Nigeria Limited located in Ikpoba-Okha local government area of Edo state. 1.7 MW of electricity was generated by burning empty fruit bunch (EFB) at a rate of 896 kg/h when the steam boiler was used. This value was compared with the traditional power plant fired using methane gas which produces 4.5MW. This value (1.7 MW) shows that EFB is a very good alternative for firing a boiler plant, power generation and elimination of wastes.
Displacement versus Co-existence in Human-Wildlife Conflict Zones: An Overview
Authors: Rai Jeetesh
Published: March 2019

Wildlife presents both a threat and a resource to humans. Protected areas offer the best protection for conserving biodiversity and ecosystems worldwide. Despite more than half protected areas around the world being established on indigenous land natives are generally prohibited official access. However, protected areas are suffering from encroachment of surrounding population and almost half of all protected areas are heavily used for agriculture. Those in the tropics especially are experiencing serious and increasing degradation from poor management of development projects, agricultural encroachment, and illegal resource use. As a result, human-wildlife conflict is a significant and growing problem around the world. The literature reviewed for this paper has been notable for its polarised assessment of the human-wildlife conflict. On one side are the biological sciences, devoted to understanding the mechanisms of biodiversity loss and its consequences for conservation. On the other side are the social scientists, concerned with livelihood issues in and outside protected areas. Cernea and Schmidt-Soltau claim that these two groups have had an unequal influence on policy, with biological sciences having devoted a “broader, deeper and more systematic research effort than the social sciences” [1:3]. To avoid some of the bias towards biological sciences present in the literature, this paper will examine the underlying conditions required for co-existence. As such, I developed the ‘human-wildlife interaction model’.
Molecular signature of penumbra in acute ischemic stroke: a pilot transcriptomics study
Authors: Nadareishvili Zurab , Kelley Devon , Luby Marie , Simpkins Alexis N. , Leigh Richard , Lynch John K. , Hsia Amie W. , Benson Richard T. , Johnson Kory R. , Hallenbeck John M. , Latour Lawrence L.
Published: March 2019

We aimed to characterize peripheral blood gene expression profile of penumbra defined as MRI perfusion–diffusion mismatch (PD MM) in peripheral blood of patients with acute ischemic stroke. We studied 23 patients. Perfusion–diffusion mismatch volume was observed to be associated and significantly correlated with the expression of 34 genes including those related to inflammation, SUMOylation, and coagulation; while lipopolysaccharide inhibition was identified to be a candidate upstream regulator of these processes (z‐score −2.38, P = 0.04). Penumbral volume is correlated with a specific gene expression profile in the peripheral blood characterized by overlap of inflammatory and neuroprotective pathways that are regulated by lipopolysaccharide inhibition.
CHRNG‐related nonlethal multiple pterygium syndrome: Muscle imaging pattern and clinical, histopathological, and molecular genetic findings
Authors: Carrera‐García Laura , Natera‐de Benito Daniel , Dieterich Klaus , de la Banda Marta G. G. , Felter Adrien , Inarejos Emili , Codina Anna , Jou Cristina , Roldan Monica , Palau Francesc , Hoenicka Janet , Pijuan Jordi , Ortez Carlos , Expósito‐Escudero Jessica , Durand Chantal , Nugues Frédérique , Jimenez‐Mallebrera Cecilia , Colomer Jaume , Carlier Robert Y. , Lochmüller Hanns , Quijano‐Roy Susana , Nascimento Andres
Published: March 2019

Mutations in the CHRNG gene cause autosomal recessive multiple pterygium syndrome (MPS). Herein we present a long‐term follow‐up of seven patients with CHRNG‐related nonlethal MPS and we compare them with the 57 previously published patients. The objective is defining not only the clinical, histopathological, and molecular genetic characteristics, but also the type and degree of muscle involvement on whole‐body magnetic resonance imaging (WBMRI). CHRNG mutations lead to a distinctive phenotype characterized by multiple congenital contractures, pterygium, and facial dysmorphism, with a stable clinical course over the years. Postnatal abnormalities at the neuromuscular junction were observed in the muscle biopsy of these patients. WBMRI showed distinctive features different from other arthrogryposis multiple congenita. A marked muscle bulk reduction is the predominant finding, mostly affecting the spinal erector muscles and gluteus maximus. Fatty infiltration was only observed in deep paravertebral muscles and distal lower limbs. Mutations in CHRNG are mainly located at the extracellular domain of the protein. Our study contributes to further define the phenotypic spectrum of CHRNG‐related nonlethal MPS, including muscle imaging features, which may be useful in distinguishing it from other diffuse arthrogryposis entities.
Synthesis of 3‐(Trifluoromethyl)indoles by Oxidative Cyclization of o‐Sulfonamido‐α‐(trifluoromethyl)styrenes
Authors: Fujita Takeshi , Ide Keisuke , Jankins Tanner C. , Nojima Tomoya , Ichikawa Junji
Published: March 2019

3‐(Trifluoromethyl)indoles were successfully synthesized by cyclization through intramolecular oxidative C−H/N−H coupling of α‐(trifluoromethyl)styrenes bearing a sulfonamido group at the ortho‐position. On treatment with cerium (IV) ammonium nitrate (CAN) in tert‐butyl alcohol, o‐sulfonamido‐α‐(trifluoromethyl)styrenes underwent oxidative cyclization assisted by microwave irradiation to afford the corresponding 3‐trifluoromethylated indoles. By using this method, 3‐(trifluoromethyl)indoles bearing various substituents were obtained in high yields. We assumed that the reaction proceeded through (i) radical 5‐endo‐trig cyclization of intermediary aminyl radical cations, generated by one‐electron oxidation of the sulfonamide nitrogen, and (ii) subsequent another one‐electron oxidation, followed by deprotonation.
“Are They Mental Health or Behavioral?”: Toward object relations translation for corrections officers
Authors: Gangemi Stephanie A.
Published: March 2019

Correctional institutions, particularly correctional security staff (corrections officers, deputies, and other custodial staff) are increasingly relied upon for the management of some of the most severely disturbed and impaired members of society. Lack of mental health training for correctional staff poses problems that include safety risk, lack of empathy, inmate abuse, staff burnout, and trauma, as well as missed opportunities for rehabilitative efforts. This paper proposes that salient concepts from psychoanalysis, particularly object relations theory, can and should be integrated into training for correctional security staff. Using the acronym “PSYCHIATRIC,” relevant object relations concepts are translated into practical correctional language. Increasing accessibility to object relations theory offers opportunity for interdisciplinary collaboration and effective use of correctional staff members' time and expertise, while supporting the mental health of inmates and staff members. The case vignettes of Jack and Kayleen explore staff/inmate dynamics through an object relational lens. Further exploration, implementation, and evaluation of object relations informed training tools are suggested to evaluate impact and efficacy.
Prenatal exposure to tobacco and marijuana and child autonomic regulation and reactivity: An analysis of indirect pathways via maternal psychopathology and parenting
Authors: Schuetze Pamela , Zhao Junru , Eiden Rina D. , Shisler Shannon , Huestis Marilyn A.
Published: March 2019

We examined a conceptual model for the associations of prenatal exposure to tobacco (PTE) and marijuana with child reactivity/regulation at 16 months of age. We hypothesized that PTE would be associated with autonomic reactivity and regulation that these associations would be indirect via maternal anger/hostility, depression/stress, or harsh parenting assessed at 2 months and that these effects would be most pronounced among children exposed to both tobacco and marijuana (PTME). Participants were 247 dyads (81 PTE, 97 PTME, and 69 nonexposed) who were followed up at 2 (N = 247) and 16 months (N = 238) of child age. Results from model testing indicated an indirect association between PTME and autonomic functioning during the second year of life, which was mediated by harsh parenting during caregiver–infant interactions. This study fills an important gap in the literature on PTE, PTME, and autonomic regulation during the toddler years, highlighting the role of maternal parenting as important intervening variables.
Specific antigen‐based and emerging detection technologies of mycotoxins
Authors: Rahman Hamid Ur , Yue Xiaofeng , Yu Qiuyu , Xie Huali , Zhang Wen , Zhang Qi , Li Peiwu
Published: March 2019

Mycotoxins are secondary fungal metabolites produced by certain types of filamentous fungi or molds, such as Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium, and Alternaria spp. Mycotoxins are natural contaminants of agricultural commodities, and their prevalence may increase due to global warming. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, approximately 25% of the world's food crops are annually contaminated with mycotoxins. Mycotoxin‐contaminated food and feed pose a high risk to both human and animal health. For instance, they possess carcinogenic, immunosuppressive, hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic, and neurotoxic effects. Hence, various approaches have been used to assess and control mycotoxin contamination. Significant challenges still exist because of the complex heterogeneous nature of food and feed composition. The potential of antigen‐based approaches, such as enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, flow injection immunoassay, chemiluminescence immunoassay, lateral flow immunoassay, and flow‐through immunoassay, would contribute to our understanding about mycotoxins' rapid identification, their isolation, and the basic principles of the detection technologies. Additionally, we address other emerging technologies of potential application in the detection of mycotoxins. The data included in this review focus on basic principles and results of the detection technologies and would be useful as benchmark information for future research. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Expression of Zea mays transglutaminase in Pichia pastoris under different promoters and its impact on properties of acidified milk protein concentrate gel
Authors: Li Hongbo , Zhang Tianqi , Li Jin , Li Hongjuan , Xu Youqiang , Yu Jinghua
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND

Transglutaminase (TGase) catalyzes post‐translational modification of proteins by γ‐glutamyl‐ϵ‐lysine chain links, covalent conjugation of polyamines, and deamidation. Zea mays TGase (TGZ) is a plant TGase with potential application prospects in the food industry. In this study, two promoter types, PFLD1 and PTEF1, were compared to improve the expression of TGZ, and the cross‐linking effect of recombinant TGZ on the properties of acid‐induced milk protein concentrate (MPC) gel was assessed.

RESULTS

A higher expression of TGZ was obtained under the induction of PFLD1 with a production of 635 U L−1. After purification using chromatography, TGZ activity was 0.4 U mg−1. The results indicated that TGZ treatment has effectively improved the textural properties of MPC gel at strength level and water‐holding capacity. Optimal texture of MPC gel was achieved after TGZ treatment using 2 U g−1 TGZ for 2 h at 35 °C and pH 7.

CONCLUSION

Comparative analysis of the promoters has greatly contributed to the production of TGZ in the industrial field. Furthermore, the modification of MPC gel texture by TGZ indicated that this recombinant enzyme has a practical value in dairy product, especially in yoghurt industry. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Oral and dental health of Italian drug addicted in methadone treatment
Authors: Lo Giudice Giuseppe , Cicciù Marco , Polimeni Antonella , Lizio Angelo , Lo Giudice Roberto , Lauritano Floriana , Ierardo Gaetano , Alibrandi Angela , Pizzo Giuseppe
Published: March 2019

Objectives

Our group recorded the characteristic of oro‐dental health among a group of drug addicts in recovery treatment with methadone, and it evaluated the changes related to the withdrawal therapy.

Methodology

A sample of 50 drug addicts in treatment with methadone was included in this study. At the beginning of the withdrawal therapy, the authors recorded the parameters involved in the most common oral diseases. Moreover, it was evaluated how, during the rehabilitation protocol, the behavioral parameters and the xerostomia that influence the oral health changed. A medical history especially referring to drug addiction features was made. An intraoral objective exam was done for each patient, at the beginning of the therapy and after 3 and 6 months.

Results

82% of the subjects showed a DMFT > 0. No patient showed any presences of previous restorative therapies. Lowenthal's caries, mostly localized in the cervical upper maxillary incisor, were found in 12% of the subjects. The Löe and Silness index showed marginal gingivitis in 95% of subjects, whereas 44% showed improper occlusion and/or parafunctional habits. 52% of the subjects had a normal diet, but a qualitative evaluation showed a high percentage (48%) of immoderate refined sugars use. Xerostomia, that was present in 72% of patients during the drug dependence period, showed a marked reduction in the withdrawal period.

Conclusion

The group analyzed made a combined use with other drugs. They showed a high rate of caries and marginal periodontitis. The statistical analysis of the data proves how the methadone rehabilitation program is effective even on the oral health. It will show its effects over two different time related phases: after a first phase of decreased attention to oral health (0‐3 months), all index will increase in the long term (3‐6 months). The rehabilitation program contributes to an improved oral health of drug addicts.
Formation of Hybrid Silicon Nanostructures via Capillary Instability Triggered in Inductively‐Coupled‐Plasma Torch Synthesized Ultra‐Thin Silicon Nanowires
Authors: Agati Marta , Castrucci Paola , Dolbec Richard , El Khakani My Ali , Boninelli Simona
Published: March 2019

This paper provides a report on the formation of two main classes of hybrid silicon nanostructures via the capillary instability induced in ultra‐thin silicon nanowires (SiNWs) when subject to high temperature annealing. The first class of hybrid Si nanostructures shows a high‐level nanostructural order, and regroups (i) periodic strings of almond‐shaped Si nanocrystals (SiNCs) having average dimension of 3 nm and connected by ultra‐thin (≈2 nm) SiNWs and (ii) spherical SiNC chains (mean diameter of 6 nm, spaced by 16 nm on average), both embedded into silica NWs. In the second class of hybrid Si nanostructures, the SiNCs have different dimensions (in the 3–14 nm size range) and shapes, or a modulated Si core inside a SiO2 shell, thus exhibiting much higher nanostructural complexity. The self‐assembly of such nanostructures is related to the gas ambient under which the thermal treatment is performed. However, by increasing the annealing temperature, the SiNWs’ cores preferentially evolve toward the spherical SiNC chain morphology. The ultra‐thin diameter (2–3 nm) of the initial SiNWs is a key feature to induce the hybrid Si nanostructures formation. This study opens up the prospects of in situ controlling the formation of Si nanocrystals inside silica NWs, which will lead to the tailoring of their optoelectronic properties.
Worthiness versus Self‐Interest in Charitable Giving: Evidence from a Low‐Income, Minority Neighborhood
Authors: Candelo Natalia , de Oliveira Angela C. M. , Eckel Catherine
Published: March 2019

We examine the impact of perceived worthiness and financial self‐interest on charitable giving. Both participants and recipients come from a low‐income, predominantly African‐American community in the United States. To examine this issue, we introduce a “Comparative Dictator Game,” where participants make dictator allocations for four possible recipients, each with different characteristics. We find higher charitable giving toward more “worthy” (i.e., disabled, females who are head of household, and individuals with more children) recipients when individuals donate money to different recipients. Additionally, subjects then select their preferred recipient/allocation. When only one recipient must be selected for a donation, individuals select recipients to whom they provided smaller donations and recipients with children. The results highlight the trade‐off between a desire to engage in philanthropy, supporting those who are deserving, and financial self‐interest.
Service‐level agreement–aware scheduling and load balancing of tasks in cloud
Authors: Remesh Babu Kaippilly Raman , Samuel Philip
Published: March 2019

Cloud computing is an innovative computing paradigm designed to provide a flexible and low‐cost way to deliver information technology services on demand over the Internet. Proper scheduling and load balancing of the resources are required for the efficient operations in the distributed cloud environment. Since cloud computing is growing rapidly and customers are demanding better performance and more services, scheduling and load balancing of the cloud resources have become very interesting and important area of research. As more and more consumers assign their tasks to cloud, service‐level agreements (SLAs) between consumers and providers are emerging as an important aspect. The proposed prediction model is based on the past usage pattern and aims to provide optimal resource management without the violations of the agreed service‐level conditions in cloud data centers. It considers SLA in both the initial scheduling stage and in the load balancing stage, and it looks into different objectives to achieve the minimum makespan, the minimum degree of imbalance, and the minimum number of SLA violations. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed system compared with other state‐of‐the‐art algorithms.