bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RoHS – Compliant Indirectly Material Evaluation for Manufacturing Study
Authors: Liu Fenny , Huang Sean , Yu Sheng Fong , Li Chun Yen , Hung Liang-Yih , Wang Yu Po
Published: December 2022

The restriction of hazardous substances directive is an environmental directive being passed by the European Union in February 2003. It was scheduled to be effective from on July 1, 2006. It mainly aims at product ingredients and engineering process standards in manufacturing. Any electrical and electronic equipment contains hazardous substances over the regulated limitation will not be allowed to be offered on the market in European Union. Mar 31, 2015, European Union issued a directive to add four new restrictions on the concentration of phthalates that were Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), Butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and Diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP). The limitation of concentration by weight is 0.1% for each substance.

The phthalates which are used as plasticizers to be used in indirectly material as dicing tape for the semiconductor industry. Many related researches mentioned that temperature and time effects on the migration of DEHP, which means the product existed the risk to be contaminated. Therefore, DEHP is phased out from indirectly material to evaluate DEHP-free indirectly material. The manufacture result is shown in this study to evaluate new indirectly material without DEHP.
Compact and Highly Thermal-Hydraulic Efficient Air-Cooled Closed Loop Thermosyphon Cooling System for High Intense Heat Load Dissipation of Future Microprocessors
Authors: Minazzo Enzo M. , Rouaze Gautier , Marcinichen Jackson B. , Thome John R. , Zhang L. Winston
Published: December 2022

A very compact air-cooled loop thermosyphon cooling system (LTS) was designed, prototyped and tested for microprocessor cooling application. It was designed specifically for 2U servers and heat loads up to 400 W in a footprint area of 40 mm per 40 mm. The low pressure and low GWP working fluid R1233zd(E) was used. Tests were done for two ambient temperatures (22 °C and 40 °C) and included optimal charge determination as well as extensive tests at optimal charge. Values of performance ratio, simply defined as heat load divided by fan power consumption, higher than 30 were observed for the maximum heat load of 400 W. The experimental results were also used to validate JJ Cooling Innovation’s inhouse proprietary solver developed to design the LTS and results will be presented.
Performance Validation of Voltage Blocking Technologies for Direct Cooling of High-Density Power Electronics
Authors: Iradukunda Ange-Christian , Huitink David , Gebrael Tarek , Miljkovic Nenad
Published: December 2022

The voltage shielding capacity of a hydrofluoroether type fluid, specifically HFE7500 along with that of Parylene C based conformal surface coatings are explored. Both voltage blocking technologies demonstrated an ability to maintain good voltage blocking capacity even when exposed to field strengths as high as 16.8kV/mm in the case of the dielectric fluid and 33.5 kV/mm for 2μm-thick layers of Parylene C. To potentially improve voltage blocking characteristics while minimizing thermal resistance, this study also explores the combined voltage shielding capacity of HFE7500 coupled with thin Parylene C coatings deposited via chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Breakdown tests on point-point electrodes coated with a 10μm film of this coating returned results that showed diminished breakdown voltage compared to bare electrodes. This may be attributed to several factors including the ionization of the coating that initiates breakdown at a reduced field strength.
Evolution of Circuit Performance With Sustained 50°C Temperature Exposure for Additively Printed Inkjet Circuits With SMT Components
Authors: Lall Pradeep , Goyal Kartik , Miller Scott
Published: December 2022

In this paper, the Inkjet printing technique is utilized to characterize the printed circuit performance with surface mount components when exposed to 50°C temperature. Functional circuits such as low pass and high pass filters are printed, and their frequency performance is studied against temperature. Additive electronics manufacturing is rapidly evolving with novel end applications due to the research efforts currently being pursued. A constant pressure of innovation is increasing on the state-of-art printing techniques to further the use and implementation that can help reduce manufacturing costs. The realization of functional additively printed circuits requires the ability to attach surface mount components on additively printed traces. However, the attachment of surface mount components on additively printed circuits is not well understood owing to the interaction of the process parameters with the realized performance of the attached components. This paper demonstrates some of the widely used circuits such as low-pass and high pass filters with surface mount components on additive printed traces. FHE has found applications in wearable product platforms. For wearable applications, it is common for electronics to sustain human body temperatures and temperature rise resulting from heat dissipation during operation. In order to simulate operational temperature exposure, the fabricated functional circuits are subjected to 50°C exposure. The viability of inkjet printed functional circuits with surface mount components and their response under sustained temperature exposure has been studied.
Modeling Underfill Degradation and Its Effect on FCBGA Package Reliability Under High-Temperature Operation
Authors: Lall Pradeep , Kasturi Madhu , Wu Haotian , Davis Edward
Published: December 2022

The automotive underhood electronics are subjected to temperatures in the range of 150 to 200°C for prolonged periods. The coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch between the chip and the substrate results in the fatigue-failure of solder joints when operating at high temperatures. Underfills provide extra support to the flip-chip bumps, enhancing the fatigue life and reducing the solder joint strains. Models and material degradation data are needed for the underfills exposed to high temperatures. The effect of the evolution of non-linear constitutive behavior of underfills on the solder balls and the study of the evolution of viscoelastic behavior of underfills have not been studied. In this paper, the evolution of underfill properties over 1-year has been measured for two underfills at sustained high-temperature operation. The aging data has been reported at 30, 60, 120, 240, and 360 days at 100°C, 125°C, and 150°C. The effect of non-linear property (Prony series) evolution of underfills on the FCBGA (Flip Chip Ball Grid Array) package reliability has been evaluated. The quarter FCBGA package is modeled from −40°C to 125°C. The results show that the flip-chip plastic work per unit volume of pristine-linear-elastic constitute model underfill FCBGA was much lower compared to pristine-viscoelastic underfill model FCBGA. Results show the importance of considering the non-linear underfill properties instead of linear properties.
Evolution of the Interface Critical Stress Intensity Factors Between TIM Copper Substrates due to High-Temperature Isothermal Aging
Authors: Lall Pradeep , Choudhury Padmanava , Williamson Jaimal
Published: December 2022

Modern computing platforms used in data centers or harsh environment platforms would be exposed to sustained high temperatures over an extended period of time. Thermal interface materials are extensively used to transport heat from the die surfaces to the Cu-heat spreader. The TIM interface may be exposed to compression in addition to thermal mismatch during power cycling and environmental temperature cycling. Failure of the interface may be a precursor of system failure owing to the subsequent temperature rise. Reliability assurance in the use case scenario requires a fundamental understanding of the interface’s robustness and evolution under operational loads. In this study, the TIM-Cu interfaces were subjected to high temperatures prior to measuring the interface’s critical stress intensity factors. Four-point bend specimens were fabricated and subjected to sustained high temperatures for 15 days, 30 days, 45 days, 60 days, 90 days, and 120 days at temperatures of 100°C, and 150°C. Tests were conducted to determine interfacial delamination of the sample specimen and identify the critical steady-state energy release rates. A digital image correlation approach was also employed to comprehend the progression of crack growth and the crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) to assess the deterioration of various TIM interfaces at various aging durations.
Computational Models of Additive Manufactured Heat Spreading Device for Enhanced Localized Cooling
Authors: Clarke Zion , Smith Sonya , Whitt Reece , Huitink David
Published: December 2022

The objective of this study is to quantify heat transfer direct cooling channel enhancements in single phase for optimal cooling. A device is created to mitigate hot spots in high voltage and high-power density electronics. This design study is for power modules with high heat fluxes specifically, SiC/Si-IGBT hybrid inverter systems requiring enhanced cooling. Experimental test for this heat sink device consists of flow loop tests through conventional hot plates with a first-generation heat sink device attached. This heat spreading device consists of an internal manifold design that is empirically correlated and simulated to help identify enhanced cooling techniques. Developing a framework of designing single nozzle manifolds to identify ideal angles of separation, nozzle chord lengths, and entrance/outlet region diameters for analysis of varying design layouts. Using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to create an effective process that offers optimal geometry configurations for jet impinging heat sink devices. The present analysis investigates and defines parameters to predict design behaviors for optimal thermal performance of a localized cooling heat spreading device.
Study of Interface Monotonic and Fatigue Fracture Measurements at the Substrate Potting Compound Interfaces Under Flexure Loading
Authors: Lall Pradeep , Choudhury Padmanava , Blecker Ken
Published: December 2022

Electronics in harsh environments are often subjected to extreme shock loading up to 50,000Gs, moisture, and high temperature. Potting of PCBs is often used to provide protection from extreme mechanical shock loads, vibration loads, and thermo-mechanical loads. The cured potting materials are prone to interfacial delamination under dynamic shock loading, which in turn may potentially cause failures in the package interconnects. The literature on potting compounds primarily focuses on the reliability in end application or the study of bulk material properties. This paper uses a four-point bend specimen to study the Substrate/Epoxy system and measure the fracture parameters of the bi-material strips to determine the interface delamination mechanisms. The bi-material strips of Substrate/Epoxy was kept at elevated temperatures of 100°C for aging. Then the sample specimens were subjected to quasi-static monotonic and cyclic loading to observe the critical stress intensity factors, fatigue slope parameters, and degradation interfaces bond adhesion of bi-material strips. Epoxy-A is a stiff material with 12,260 psi of tensile strength. The monotonic critical stress intensity factors and fatigue crack growth of the interfacial delamination for the two epoxy systems were characterized using strain energy release rate. A prediction of a number of cycles to failure and the performance of different epoxy system resistance was evaluated during cyclic bending loading using Paris Power Law.
Effect of Aging on High Strain Rate Mechanical Properties of SAC+Bi Solders After Exposure to Isothermal Aging of 50°C Up To 120 Days
Authors: Lall Pradeep , Saha Mrinmoy , Suhling Jeff , Blecker Ken
Published: December 2022

In aerospace, military, and automotive applications, various electronic parts may be subjected to sustained operation at high and low surrounding temperatures as well as high strain-rate loads. Previous research studies have shown that material properties of undoped SAC alloys evolve even at moderate temperatures after a prolonged period of storage. A variety of dopants has been introduced into SAC alloy formulations in order to reduce the aging effects. In this study, two doped SAC solder called QSAC10 and QSAC20, have been subjected to high strain rate testing after keeping them in storage at temperature of 50°C for 120 days. Samples with no aging to 120 days aged samples have been subjected to uniaxial tensile tests to measure the mechanical properties of SAC+Bi solders. The High and Low operating temperatures used in this experiment ranged from −65°C to 200°C. Then the experimental material data was used to compute the constants for the Anand Visco-Plasticity model. Using the Anand constitutive model, the material constitutive behavior has been implemented in a finite element framework to simulate the drop events.
Data Driven Modeling Advancements for Thermal Predictions in Data Center Applications
Authors: Patel Dhaval , Joshi Yogendra
Published: December 2022

Thermal predictions in data centers have been utilized to reduce the electric consumption of thermal equipment in data centers. While most of the optimization of data center temperature has been performed through the utilization of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and heuristic methods, data driven modeling techniques are now also being used to optimize the data center temperatures. Some data driven models have been used on a static data set to obtain the steady state temperature predictions for given input variables while other data driven models have been trained to provide temperature predictions at live time.

This paper aims to investigate the transient temperature prediction capabilities of two data driven models — Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) and Nonlinear Autoregressive Neural Network with External Input (NARX). While these two methods have been previously studied on data center applications, they have not been compared with each other for transient temperature predictions for normal operations. The study also utilizes ensembles to provide better temperature prediction accuracy for smaller data sets. The study compared these two models based on an experimentally obtained data set and found that NARX outperforms LSTM for normal operations and that the data driven models are able to provide relatively good predictions even if the input variables are slightly outside the training domain.
Single-Phase Immersion Cooling Study of a High-Density Storage System
Authors: Karajgikar Saket , Kidger Jasper , Shaw Andrew , Edmunds Neil , Mulay Veerendra
Published: December 2022

In this paper, a standard air-cooled high-density storage system is reengineered to demonstrate the use of single-phase immersion cooling. The storage system consists primarily of seventy-two hard drives, two single socket nodes, two SAS expander cards, NIC and a power distribution board in a 4OU form factor. It is successfully demonstrated that the storage systems can be designed to support single phase immersion cooling while supporting hot swap and cooling redundancy requirement like an air-cooled system. In an air-cooled system, temperature gradient between the drives was as high as 19°C. The drives placed at the front of the system received cooler air while the drives placed in the rear received preheated air thus resulting in a temperature gradient. The drives used for the study were 20GB Helium filled sealed drives. For immersion cooling, seventy-two drives were cooled in parallel with temperature variance of less than 3°C. The other system components such as CPU, DIMMs, SAS chip and NIC had sufficient thermal margin. It was demonstrated that the system can operate reliably for facility coolant supply temperature as high as 40°C. The resulting power consumption of the pump was less than five percent of the total IT power. In addition, the proposed cooling solution may help mitigate acoustic vibrational issues for drives often encountered in air-cooling solution. The solution is virtually silent in operation.
Experimental Investigation of the Impact of Improved Ducting and Chassis Re-Design of a Hybrid-Cooled Server
Authors: Modi Himanshu , Shahi Pardeep , Chinthaparthy Lochan Sai Reddy , Gupta Gautam , Bansode Pratik , Shalom Simon Vibin , Agonafer Dereje
Published: December 2022

In recent years, there has been a significant increase in cloud computing, networking, virtualization, and storage applications, leading to an increase in demand for high-performance servers. The increase in performance demands is currently being met by increasing CPU and GPU power densities that require more efficient cooling technologies as compared to air traditional cooling methods. Cold plate-based liquid cooling in air-cooled servers enables efficient thermal management with minimal changes to existing air-cooling infrastructure. In a hybrid cooled server, the demand for air cooling is reduced as the primary heat-generating components are indirectly cooled by cold plates. In this study, experiments are performed with optimized chassis of a hybrid cooled Cisco C220 server. The chassis design is optimized to improve the airflow by providing additional vents on the chassis to allow more low-temperature airflow rather than the heated airflow approaching from the drive bay. Also, the design of the heat sink baffle is improved which allows a more streamlined flow to approach the heat sinks. This is done by designing and manufacturing a new 3-D printed baffle. This optimized baffle design helps in reducing the pressure drop across the system hence helping in the reduction of fan speeds and reducing the fan power consumption. Results are generated by iterating the fan speed and inlet temperature of air and comparing them with the baseline design of the server. Conclusions are made on the reduction in fan power due to the improved chassis design and any reduction in temperatures of air-cooled components.
Does Accelerated Rehabilitation Provide Better Outcomes Than Restricted Rehabilitation in Postarthroscopic Repair of Meniscal Injury?
Authors: You Mingke , Wang Lingcheng , Huang Ruipeng , Zhang Kaibo , Mao Yunhe , Chen Gang , Li Jian
Published: December 2022

Context: Meniscal injury is a common pathology, and the postoperative rehabilitation program is essential to patients after surgery. However, the optimal rehabilitation plan after meniscus suture is still controversial. Objective: To compare the clinical outcomes between accelerated rehabilitation and restricted programs in patients with meniscus suture (with or without anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, ACLR). Evidence Acquisition: Four databases, including PubMed, Ovid, Embase, and the Cochrane Library, were searched up to November 2021. This study only included studies comparing the clinical outcomes between accelerated (immediate range of motion and weight-bearing) and restricted rehabilitation (immobilization and progressive weight-bearing) for meniscus suture. All selected studies were divided into 2 subgroups: isolated meniscus suture or combined with ACLR. The Lysholm score, Tegner score, and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score were evaluated in simple meniscus sutures no less than 1 year. Failure rate was evaluated in both groups, and the tunnel enlargement was additionally evaluated in patients who underwent ACLR. Evidence Synthesis: Eleven studies with 612 patients were eligible for analysis. The accelerated group included 4 studies with 330 participants, while the restricted group included 7 studies with 282 participants. For the patients after isolated meniscus suture, the accelerated group achieved higher Lysholm scores (mean difference = −4.66; 95% confidence interval, −8.6 to −0.73; P = .02; I2 = 88%) than the restricted group. For the patients after meniscus suture with ACLR, patients undergoing accelerated rehabilitation were associated with a significantly larger tibial tunnel enlargement in the anterior–posterior view (mean difference = −7.08; 95% confidence interval, −10.92 to −3.24; P = .0003; I2 = 0%) and lateral view (mean difference = −10.33; 95% confidence interval, −16.9 to −3.75; P = .002; I2 = 17%). Conclusion: This meta-analysis evaluated the effects of postoperative rehabilitation in either accelerated or restricted programs in patients with meniscus lesions after repair. A significant higher mean self-reported function was discovered at final follow-ups in the accelerated group. However, a significant increase in tibial tunnel enlargement was also found in accelerated group.
Genome-wide gain-of-function screening characterized lncRNA regulators for tumor immune response
Authors: Wang Yifei , Zhao Yueshan , Guo Weiwei , Yadav Ghanshyam Singh , Bhaskarla Chetana , Wang Zehua , Wang Xiaofei , Li Sihan , Wang Yue , Chen Yuang , Pattarayan Dhamotharan , Xie Wen , Li Song , Lu Binfeng , Kammula Udai S. , Zhang Min , Yang Da
Published: December 2022

The majority of lncRNAs’ roles in tumor immunology remain elusive. This project performed a CRISPR activation screening of 9744 lncRNAs in melanoma cells cocultured with human CD8+T cells. We identified 16 lncRNAs potentially regulating tumor immune response. Further integrative analysis using tumor immunogenomics data revealed thatIL10RB-DTandLINC01198are significantly correlated with tumor immune response and survival in melanoma and breast cancer. Specifically,IL10RB-DTsuppresses CD8+T cells activation via inhibiting IFN-γ–JAK–STAT1 signaling and antigen presentation in melanoma and breast cancer cells. On the other hand,LINC01198’s up-regulation sensitizes the killing of tumor cells by CD8+T cells. Mechanistically,LINC01198interacts and activates NF-κB component p65 to trigger the type I and type II interferon responses in melanoma and breast cancer cells. Our study systematically characterized novel lncRNAs involved in tumor immune response.
PmiR senses 2-methylisocitrate levels to regulate bacterial virulence in
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Cui Guoyan , Zhang Yixi , Xu Xuejie , Liu Yingying , Li Zhuang , Wu Min , Liu Jianling , Gan Jianhua , Liang Haihua
Published: December 2022

To adapt to changes in environmental cues,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
produces an array of virulence factors to survive the host immune responses during infection. Metabolic products contribute to bacterial virulence; however, only a limited number of these signaling receptors have been explored in detail for their ability to modulate virulence in bacteria. Here, we characterize the metabolic pathway of 2-methylcitrate cycle in
P. aeruginosa
and unveil that PmiR served as a receptor of 2-methylisocitrate (MIC) to govern bacterial virulence. Crystallographic studies and structural-guided mutagenesis uncovered several residues crucial for PmiR’s allosteric activation by MIC. We also demonstrated that PmiR directly repressed the
pqs
quorum-sensing system and subsequently inhibited pyocyanin production. Moreover, mutation of
pmiR
reduces bacterial survival in a mouse model of acute pneumonia infection. Collectively, this study identified
P. aeruginosa
PmiR as an important metabolic sensor for regulating expression of bacterial virulence genes to adapt to the harsh environments.
Arginine methylation of BRD4 by PRMT2/4 governs transcription and DNA repair
Authors: Liu Liu , Lin Baicheng , Yin Shasha , Ball Lauren E. , Delaney Joe R. , Long David T. , Gan Wenjian
Published: December 2022

BRD4 functions as an epigenetic reader and plays a crucial role in regulating transcription and genome stability. Dysregulation of BRD4 is frequently observed in various human cancers. However, the molecular details of BRD4 regulation remain largely unknown. Here, we report that PRMT2- and PRMT4-mediated arginine methylation is pivotal for BRD4 functions on transcription, DNA repair, and tumor growth. Specifically, PRMT2/4 interacts with and methylates BRD4 at R179, R181, and R183. This arginine methylation selectively controls a transcriptional program by promoting BRD4 recruitment to acetylated histones/chromatin. Moreover, BRD4 arginine methylation is induced by DNA damage and thereby promotes its binding to chromatin for DNA repair. Deficiency in BRD4 arginine methylation significantly suppresses tumor growth and sensitizes cells to BET inhibitors and DNA damaging agents. Therefore, our findings reveal an arginine methylation–dependent regulatory mechanism of BRD4 and highlight targeting PRMT2/4 for better antitumor effect of BET inhibitors and DNA damaging agents.
Bacteroides fragilis
Maintains Concurrent Capability for Anaerobic and Nanaerobic Respiration
Authors: Butler Nicole L. , Ito Takeshi , Foreman Sara , Morgan Joel E. , Zagorevsky Dmitry , Malamy Michael H. , Comstock Laurie E. , Barquera Blanca
Published: December 2022

By performing a comprehensive analysis of nanaerobic respiration in
Bacteroides fragilis
, we show that this organism maintains capabilities for anaerobic respiration on fumarate and nanaerobic respiration on oxygen simultaneously. The contribution of the two NADH:quinone oxidoreductases and the composition of the quinone pool are the same under both conditions.
Draft Genomic Sequence for Klebsiella pneumoniae 060517CS3-g, a Bacterium Harboring Multidrug Resistance Genes, Isolated from Retail Ground Chicken Meat
Authors: Yang Yishan , Sommers Christopher H. , Sheen Shiowshuh , Gehring Andrew , Liu Yanhong
Published: December 2022

Klebsiella pneumoniae
is an important foodborne pathogen that can cause human infections. Here, we report the draft genomic sequence for
K. pneumoniae
060517CS3-g, isolated from retail ground chicken meat, which has several antibiotic resistance genes, multiple plasmids, and genes that may result in its hypervirulence based on the sequence data.
Draft Genome Sequences of Phytase Active Endophytic and Epiphytic Erwinia gerundensis Isolated from Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Seeds
Authors: Sølve Jonathan , Nielsen Tue Kjærgaard , Nicolaisen Mette Haubjerg , Bak Frederik
Published: December 2022

Here, we provide draft genome sequences of an epiphytic strain (HEP01) and an endophytic strain (HEN01) of
Erwinia gerundensis
, isolated from wheat (
Triticum aestivum
) seeds. Genome sizes of HEP01 and HEN01 were 3,771,322 bp and 3,750,048 bp, respectively. HEP01 and HEN01 carried one plasmid each with sizes of 565,617 bp and 576,781 bp, respectively. Both showed phenotypic phytase activity.
Supplemental Material: A New Tool for Producing 3D Orientation Symbology for Google Earth
Authors: Whitmeyer Steven J. , Dordevic Mladen M.
Published: December 2022

 Detailed instructions. 
New FRET Pairs of Fluorescent Proteins for In Vitro Caspase Activity Determination
Authors: Marynich N. K. , Granovsky I. E. , Savitsky A. P.
Published: December 2022

A monomeric sensor, TagRFP-23-Ultramarine (TR-23-U), for effector caspase-3 was obtained. The overlap integrals of new pairs of red fluorescent protein TagRFP with four chromoproteins were calculated. The monomeric state of the Ultramarine protein and the TR-23-U sensor was confirmed by gel filtration chromatography and dynamic light scattering. Incubation with caspase-3 showed the possibility of using the new fusion protein as a FRET sensor for apoptosis detection.
Environmental Fluxes of Thermal Neutrons and Geophysics
Authors: Stenkin Yu. V.
Published: December 2022

Environmental fluxes of thermal neutrons originate from two sources: cosmic rays and natural radioactivity. Owing to a long lifetime of free neutrons, they are able to propagate over rather long distances in surrounding media prior to undergoing absorption, provided that these media do not contain elements that have large cross sections for neutron capture. The real lifetime of free neutrons and distances that they travel are determined by the properties of the medium with which they are in a dynamical equilibrium. At rather large depths under the ground, natural radioactivity associated with $$(\alpha,n)$$ reactions on light nuclei of the Earth’s crust is the main source of neutrons. Radioactive gaseous radon, especially its long-lived isotope $${}^{222}\textrm{Rn}$$, which is able to migrate over significant distances (several tens of meters in soil and several kilometers in the Earth’s atmosphere) plays a great role in this process. This means that the changes in the medium that are caused by various geophysical processes or by Moon–Solar–Earth phenomena should also be reflected in the neutron flux escaping from the Earth’s crust. The present article gives a brief survey of studies devoted to this subject and a discussion on them.
Unexpected case of postnatal pancreatitis: first presentation of autoimmune diabetes
Authors: Poo Zi Xi , Sim Wen Shan , Tan Lay Kok
Published: December 2022

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as the first onset of glucose intolerance in pregnancy without prior known diabetes. While it is commonly associated with metabolic risk factors such as obesity and hypertension, a small percentage of women with GDM have underlying autoimmune causes, with presence of islet-cell antibodies resulting in autoimmune-mediated destruction of the pancreas. We present a case of idiopathic postpartum pancreatitis precipitating fulminant diabetic ketoacidosis in a patient with otherwise well-controlled GDM during pregnancy, and subsequent findings of positive anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody. This is the first presentation of autoimmune diabetes diagnosed postnatally in a woman who has no previous medical or family history.
A criterion for p-supersolvability of finite groups
Authors: Asaad M. , Ramadan M. , Wei Huaquan
Published: December 2022

Let [Formula: see text] be a finite group and [Formula: see text] a subgroup of [Formula: see text] We say that [Formula: see text] is an [Formula: see text]-subgroup of [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text] for all [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] is called weakly [Formula: see text]-embedded in [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text] has a normal subgroup [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for all [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is the normal closure of [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text] Let [Formula: see text] be a prime dividing the order of [Formula: see text] and let [Formula: see text] be a Sylow [Formula: see text]-subgroup of [Formula: see text] We fix a [Formula: see text]-power integer [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] and study the [Formula: see text] -supersolvability criterion of a finite group [Formula: see text] under the assumption that each subgroup of [Formula: see text] of order [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is weakly [Formula: see text]-embedded in [Formula: see text] Some recent results about the supersolvability of finite groups are obtained.
Collapsing solutions in 4D Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity
Authors: Shah Hasrat Hussain , Shah Hassan , Hussain Sardar Muhammad
Published: December 2022

This paper explores collapsing solutions of the field equations in the context of 4D Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet (EGB) gravity. We study the effects of GB-term on the energy density, pressure (tangential and radial) and anisotropy of the collapsing system. We consider expansion scalar ([Formula: see text]) to obtain the collapsing solution. Furthermore, we discuss the graphical behavior of the source variables.
A New Efficient Nanodesign of Composite Gate Based on Quantum Dot Cellular Automata
Authors: Wang Yizhu , Faghani Saleh
Published: December 2022

The development of nanoscale technologies has come from the downsizing of electronic equipment and the inadequacy of CMOS innovation resulting from hybrid circuit establishment and its failure to respond to nanoscale. Quantum-based technologies, like quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA), are likely to succeed the present technologies due to their incredible benefits, like faster processing, smaller footprints and ultra-low energy usage. In arithmetic and comparison circuits, the fundamental gate is frequently used. Arithmetic logic circuits centered on OR, AND and NOT logic gates have a low design complexity. To obtain complicated logic gates, several architectures have been proposed in the QCA. This work offers a QCA composite gate that achieves all critical digital logic gates, including Inverter, OR, AND, NAND, NOR and exclusive gates like XOR and XNOR. All basic logic is generated in a single unit with this architecture. Only 0.09[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m2of area, three three-input majority gates, one XOR, three Inverters, and 0.5 clock zones were required for the suggested circuit. As a result, a decrease of 33% in cell count is achieved compared to the previous systems. The design is evaluated and the dissipated energy is analyzed. For the research on power dissipation, the QCADesigner-E simulator is used to verify the final result. The simulation outcomes show that the suggested layout is advantageous over earlier constructions regarding the area, number of cells, clock phases and cost.
Splinting versus Percutaneous Pinning for the Treatment of Soft Tissue Mallet Finger: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis
Authors: TOCI Gregory R. , TECCE Eric R. , KATT Brian M. , AITA Daren , BEREDJIKLIAN Pedro K. , FLETCHER Daniel
Published: December 2022

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare percutaneous pinning versus splinting of soft tissue mallet finger injury to determine if there are differences in residual extensor lag and complication rates.

Methods: Patients ≥18 years of age undergoing mallet finger injury treatment from 2011 to 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Exclusion criteria included bony or open mallet finger injury and incomplete documentation of residual extensor lag at final follow-up. Complications, including infection, hardware fixation failure and wound complications, were collected from follow-up clinic notes. Those treated with percutaneous pinning were compared to those treated non-surgically with splinting.

Results: Of the 150 soft tissue mallet finger injuries that met the inclusion criteria, 126 were treated with splinting, and 24 were treated with percutaneous pinning. There were no differences in residual extensor lag between groups (Splinting: 5.4°, Pinning: 5.8°, p = 0.874). However, the pinning group had a higher overall complication rate than the splinting group (20.8% vs. 1.6%, p = 0.001).

Conclusions: Surgery may be an effective treatment method for soft tissue mallet finger, but due to the higher rate of complication and the increased expense of a surgical procedure, splinting should be the preferred treatment method for most of these injuries.

Level of Evidence: Level III (Therapeutic)
SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibitors: Structure-Based Enhancement to Anti-Viral Pre-Clinical GC376 Encourages Further Development
Authors: Perry Elliot D , Chapman Simon , Xu Yao-Zhong
Published: December 2022

SARS-CoV-2 Main protease (Mpro) is pivotal in viral replication and transcription. Mpro mediates proteolysis of translated products of replicase genes ORF1a and ORF1ab. Surveying pre-clinical trial Mpro inhibitors suggests potential enhanced efficacy for some moieties. Concordant with promising in vitro and in silico data, the protease inhibitor GC376 was chosen as a lead. Modification of GC376 analogues yielded a series of promising Mpro inhibitors. Design optimization identified compound G59i as lead candidate, displaying a binding energy of [Formula: see text]10.54 kcal/mol for the complex. Robust interactivity was noted between G59i and Mpro. With commendable ADMET characteristics and enhanced potency, further G59i analysis may be advantageous; moreover, identified key Mpro residues could contribute to the design of neotenic inhibitors.
Infrastructure Development and Economic Growth in East Africa: Quantity versus Quality Dimensions Using Panel-ARDL Approach
Authors: Etensa Tesfaye , Taye Lemi , Bersisa Mekonnen
Published: December 2022

Infrastructure development is one of the key drivers for economic growth. As a result, dealing with the quantity and quality dimensions of infrastructure development has attracted the interest of researchers in recent times. The main objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between infrastructure development and economic growth in both quantity and quality dimensions. The study employs Panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag (PARDL) method. The results of the study reveal that infrastructure development quantity has a positive and significant effect on economic growth. The results show that in the long run, a one unit rise in the African Infrastructure Development Index (AIDI) leads to an increase in economic growth of 0.31%, on average; while in the short run, a one unit rise in the African Infrastructure Quality Index (AIQI) boosts the economic growth by 1.4%, but in the long run it decreases the GDP per capita by 1.99 percentage points. The interaction result shows that the relationship between infrastructure development and economic growth depends on the level of capital formation in East African countries. The elasticity result shows that gross capital formation has a larger marginal effect on economic growth in countries with a high AIDI and vice versa. Finally, the study recommends that East African countries should adopt strategies and policies that will increase the quantity and quality of infrastructure development, as well as a capital formation strategy accompanied by human capital development and high institutional quality.
Underlying Systemic Diseases in Interstitial Granulomatous Dermatitis and Palisaded Neutrophilic Granulomatous Dermatitis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Yang Changyi , Tang Shunli , Li Sheng , Ying Shuni , Zhu Dingxian , Liu Taoming , Chu Yuqi , Fang Hong , Qiao Jianjun
Published: December 2022

Background: Interstitial granulomatous dermatitis (IGD) and palisaded neutrophilic granulomatous dermatitis (PNGD) are uncommon presentations of reactive granulomatous dermatitis. Histologic lesions characterized by IGD/PNGD patterns have been associated with systemic diseases, causing an unmet need for revealing clinical correlates. Objective: The aim of this study was to unravel the systemic diseases beyond dermatitis of IGD/PNGD. Methods: This study analyzed data from case studies, case series, and retrospective cohorts by searching PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library, with no start date or language restrictions on Sep 4, 2021. Results: One hundred ninety-six publications were included (458 cases in total, 216 with details). Systemic diseases associated with IGD/PNGD were classified into 5 groups. Autoimmune disorders (n = 103, 47.6%) including rheumatoid arthritis (n = 51, 23.6%), systemic lupus erythematosus (n = 20, 9.3%), and others were the most common across all underlying diseases, followed by drug eruption (n = 52, 24.1%) such as tumor necrotic factor inhibitor reaction (n = 18, 8.3%) and malignancies (n = 27, 12.5%) such as hematologic malignancy (n = 20, 9.3%). The rest were infectious diseases (n = 12, 5.6%) and accidental conditions (n = 3, 1.4%). Conclusion: IGD/PNGD might be associated with autoimmune disorders, drug eruption, malignancies, infectious diseases, and accidental conditions. Patients with IGD/PNGD need further follow-up.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients’ Preferences for Subcutaneous versus Intravenous Therapies: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: van Deen Welmoed K. , Khalil Carine , Bonthala Nirupama N. , Gale Rebecca , Patel Devin B. , Warui Esther , Melmed Gil Y. , Spiegel Brennan M.R.
Published: December 2022

Background: Multiple biologics are available to treat inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which can either be administered subcutaneously or intravenously. The factors that determine patients’ preferences for SC/IV administration in IBD are largely unknown. This study aims to elucidate how IBD patients trade off between medications’ route of administration and other medication characteristics and to understand what drives patients’ preferences. Methods: We employed a mixed methods design using data from a prior quantitative conjoint analysis survey and a series of 22 qualitative interviews. We quantitatively assessed individual patients’ preferences for subcutaneous (SC) or intravenous (IV) medications based on the part-worth utilities derived from the conjoint analysis and identified predictors for these preferences. We used a qualitative analysis to identify key themes surrounding patients’ preferences in the interview data. Results: Of 1,077 survey participants, 49% preferred an SC medication every 2 weeks, whereas 51% preferred an IV medication every 8 weeks. More people preferred SC at reduced administration frequencies, whereas less people preferred SC at the expense of lower efficacy or higher side-effects rates. Prior experience with SC/IV was the strongest predictor for patients’ preferences. Qualitatively, we obtained in-depth insights in the perceived advantages and disadvantages of SC and IV medications and in patients’ preconceived ideas. Conclusion: While prior SC/IV exposure was a strong predictor for SC/IV preferences, patients’ preferences largely are determined by a variety of other personal factors. The themes we identified could help guide clinicians when discussing therapeutic options with their patients and support shared decision-making.
BioPhy magazine based on a floating market for problem-solving skills and environmental awareness
Authors: Fitriah Lutfiyanti , Ita Ita
Published: December 2022

This study aimed to describe the validity and effectiveness of the floating market-based BioPhy magazine to improve problem-solving skills and encourage students to conduct environmental awareness campaigns. This research was development research with Tessmer formative evaluation model. The field test subjects were 24 students who studied fluids in the Fundamental Physics Course in the 2021/2022 academic year. Data were obtained through validation sheets and problem-solving questions. Data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The results showed that the developed magazine was valid and effective in improving students' problem-solving skills with an N-gain score in the field trial of 0.96 with a high category and an effect size of 12.61 with a strong influence category. In addition, based on the different tests, it was known that there is a significant difference between problem-solving abilities before and after learning. The magazine also succeeded in encouraging students to campaign on environmental awareness, as shown in the environmental-themed posters they made and shared on social media. Thus, the developed magazine was valid and effective to improve problem-solving skills and encourage environmental awareness campaigns on fluids in the Fundamental Physics Course.
Time management and procrastination during the COVID-19 pandemic in higher education
Authors: Sefriani Rini , Nastasia Krisnova , Sepriana Rina , Candra Yeki
Published: December 2022

Online learning is enforced by all higher education in Indonesia due to the COVID-19 pandemic. There is an inability of students to manage time and often delay the work given by the lecturer. This study aimed to reveal the degree of relationship between student time management and academic procrastination in higher education. This research was conducted at the Psychology Faculty of the University Puta Indonesia YPTK Padang, Indonesia. The sample of this research was psychology students as many as 202 respondents. The research instrument was in the form of a questionnaire distributed via Google Form. The results showed that the level of correlation between time management and academic procrastination of psychology students was 0.242 with data processing using SPSS 26. Which means that there is a relationship between students' ability to manage time and delay in completing assignments by students of the faculty of psychology. The role of lecturers in providing direction and motivation to students is very much needed.
Abre a roda minha gente que o batuque é diferente : tiririca, capoeira e samba em São Paulo, 1900-1970
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas, Amado Felipe
Published: December 2022

A pesquisa publicada neste volume procura refletir sobre práticas culturais negras presentes na cidade de São Paulo no início e meados do século XX, a relação com as comunidades negras, a sociedade e os modelos de urbanidade existentes no período. Tendo como base uma história da capoeira na cidade de São Paulo, que deita raízes no século XIX e que se mostra presente de forma intensa nas primeiras décadas do século XX, o trabalho verifica que a capoeira, assim como o samba, é cultura praticada por indivíduos que se relacionam intensamente com a cidade e suas transformações, fazendo parte das interações urbanas e também sofrendo com uma política de segregação e repressão. É a partir das dinâmicas urbanas do século XX e de aproximações entre o samba e a capoeira que se forma a tiririca, uma manifestação negra paulista que representa uma transformação sofrida pela capoeira, adquirindo ludicidade e musicalidade com a batucada e versos do samba. A tiririca fez parte do cotidiano da cidade, sendo praticada em diversas regiões e aproximando-se de instituições populares negras, como times de futebol de várzea e cordões carnavalescos.
New insights into the subterranean genus Speoplanes Müller, 1911 (Coleoptera, Leiodidae, Cholevinae) from the Dinarides
Authors: MIZERAKIS VANGELIS , HLAVÁČ PETER , ČEPLÍK DÁVID , JALŽIĆ BRANKO , FAILLE ARNAUD
Published: December 2022

In the present study morphological and molecular data from specimens of the troglobitic genus Speoplanes have been examined. The two subspecies Speoplanes giganteus giganteus Müller, 1911 and Speoplanes giganteus biocovensis Müller, 1934 are changed in rank from subspecies to species level and discrete identification characters for the separation of the two species are provided. Additionally, all known localities of the species (including new records) are listed and a distribution map of the genus is provided.
Effect of Propofol Nanoemulsion on Brain Perilymph Metabolism Through Transforming Growth Factor β1/Extracellular Signal Regulated Kinase 5 (TGF-β1/ERK5) Signaling Pathway
Authors: Huang Qinfeng , Li Jiaqi , Liao Ye , Wei LiQin , Chen Hui
Published: December 2022

Propofol takes part in the metabolism of perilymph in the brain. Propofol nanoemulsion can enhance the efficacy of drugs. This study explored how propofol modified by nanoemulsion inhibited the TGF-β1/ERK5 signaling pathway, thus affecting the brain. The role of perilymph
metabolism, and its mechanism of action were also clarified. 40 SD rats of clean grade were separated into 4 groups, namely; control group, propofol, propofol nanoemulsion and TGF-β1/ERK5 inhibitor group. We observed the particle size and potential of propofol nanoemulsion, concentration
of several groups of immune factors, inflammatory factors, TGF-β1, and ERK5 protein expression. Results from the laser particle size analyzer showed that the average particle size for the propofol nanoemulsion was 87.14 nm. The zeta potential was 0.391 mV, which was close to electrical
neutrality. ELISA results showed that the concentrations of IgG, IgA, and lgM in the propofol group, propofol nanoemulsion group, and TGF-β1/ERK5 inhibitor group were evidently lower and the IgG, IgA, IgM concentration for the propofol nanoemulsion group. Moreover, the concentration
was lower than that of other groups. ELISA test results showed that the concentrations of IL-12, IL-10, TNF-α, and IL-2 in the propofol group, propofol nanoemulsion group, and TGF-β1/ERK5 inhibitor group were obviously lower. The concentrations of IL-12, IL-10, TNF-α
and IL-2 in the propofol nanoemulsion group were lower than those in the other groups (p < 0.05). These results exhibited that, the expression levels of TGF-β1 and ERK5 in the propofol group, propofol nanoemulsion group, and TGF-β1/ERK5 inhibitor group were
evidently lower. TGF-β1 and ERK5 expression levels in the propofol nanoemulsion group was lower than in the other groups (p<0.05). Propofol nanoemulsion regulates the TGF-β1/ERK5 signaling pathway, inhibits its expression, reducing inflammation, increasing
immune response, and promoting perilymph metabolism in the brain.