bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Opposing genetic patterns of range shifting temperate and tropical gastropods in an area undergoing tropicalisation
Authors: Zarzyczny Karolina M. , Hellberg Michael E. , Lugli Elena B. , MacLean Moira , Paz‐García David A. , Rius Marc , Ross Ethan G. , Treviño Balandra Erick X. , Vanstone James , Williams Suzanne T. , Fenberg Phillip B.
Published: October 2023

Aim

The poleward range expansion of tropical species, and range contraction of temperate species (known as tropicalisation) has mainly been studied from an ecological perspective, with little research on its genetic consequences. Here, we used distributional and genetic data to document the consequences of tropicalisation in rocky shore gastropods and assess more broadly the future implications of tropicalisation on phylogeographic patterns.

Location

Nineteen sampling sites along >3000 km of the eastern Pacific rocky intertidal zone, from the tip of the Baja California Peninsula to southern California.

Taxon

Temperate gastropods: Lottia conus, L. strigatella, Fissurella volcano and Tegula gallina.

Tropical gastropods: Fissurella rubropicta, Nerita funiculata and N. scabricosta.

Methods

We determine historical and modern distributions of tropical and temperate species by combining historical records with current field surveys. Using a section of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene, we utilised comparative phylogeography, analysis of molecular variance, FST pairwise comparison, mismatch distributions of haplotype differences and neutrality tests to detect genetic signatures of tropicalisation and to better understand its consequences.

Results

We identified range contractions in two temperate species and range expansion in all three tropical species. We detected genetic signatures of range expansion in the tropical species through unimodal distributions of pairwise haplotype differences and strongly negative values for the Fu and Li D and F* statistics. We found population subdivision and phylogeographic breaks in three temperate species, although the geographic location of the breaks differed among species.

Main Conclusions

Genetic signatures and field surveys indicate recent range expansions in tropical species, supporting tropicalisation along the studied coastline. Conversely, we found phylogeographic breaks in temperate species, suggesting that tropicalisation may cause genetic erosion of evolutionary distinct lineages with range‐contraction. The different locations of the phylogeographic breaks among temperate species suggests that some barriers are species specific.
Ten recommendations for reducing the long‐term costs of conduct problems: A commentary on the economic analysis of Goulter et al. (2023)
Authors: Hawes David J.
Published: October 2023

The economic analysis of Goulter et al. (2023) identifies the long‐term financial costs arising from conduct problems in the kindergarten period, including those associated with later criminal activity, lost offender productivity, victim costs and government and medical services. These costs are substantial and provide policymakers with a compelling argument for investing in early intervention and prevention of conduct problems. The ultimate goal of reducing the long‐term costs of early conduct problems is likely to be achieved only through the coordinated efforts of many stakeholders and diverse courses of action. Outlined here are 10 recommendations for investment that in my view would support progress towards this outcome.
Repair effect of Centella asiatica (L.) extract on damaged HaCaT cells studied by atomic force microscopy
Authors: Wan Linlin , Song Zhengxun , Wang Zuobin , Dong Jianjun , Chen Yujuan , Hu Jing
Published: October 2023

People's choice of cosmetics is no longer just ‘Follow the trend’, but pays more attention to the ingredients of cosmetics, whether the ingredients of cosmetics are beneficial to people's skin health; therefore, more and more skin‐healthy ingredients have been discovered and used in cosmetics. In this work, atomic force microscope (AFM) is used to provide physical information about biomolecules and living cells; it brings us a new method of high‐precision physical measurement. Centella asiatica (L.) extract has the ability to promote skin wound healing, but its healing effect on damaged HaCaT cells needs to be investigated, which plays a key role in judging the effectiveness of skincare ingredients. The objective of this study was to explore the impact of Centella asiatica (L.) extract on ethanol‐damaged human immortalised epidermal HaCaT cells based on AFM. We established a model of cellular damage and evaluated cell viability using the MTT assay. The physical changes of cell height, roughness, adhesion and Young's modulus were measured by AFM. The findings indicated that the Centella asiatica (L.) extract had a good repair effect on injured HaCaT cells, and the optimal concentration was 75 μg/mL.
Unveiling the clinical and electrophysiological profile of CMTX6: Insights from two Brazilian families
Authors: Maciel Victor Augusto Zanesi , Maximiano‐Alves Gustavo , Frezatti Rodrigo Siqueira Soares , Alves Anna Letícia De Moraes , Andrade Bianca Mara Alves , Leal Rita De Cassia Carvalho , Tomaselli Pedro José , Reilly Mary M. , Marques Wilson
Published: October 2023

Background and Aims

X‐linked Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 6 (CMTX6) is an extremely rare condition associated with mutations in the PDK3 gene. To date, only three families from different countries have been reported (Australia, South Korea, and Germany). In this study, we sought to provide a comprehensive clinical and electrophysiological characterization of two Brazilian families.

Methods

We conducted comprehensive clinical assessments, extensive electrophysiological evaluations, and performed whole‐exome sequencing in the probands to investigate the genetic basis of the disease.

Results

Males in the family carrying the Arg162His mutation displayed early‐onset motor and/or sensory axonal neuropathy, absence of tendon jerks, pes cavus, and frequently reported pain. Females in the same family exhibited a milder phenotype of the disease with later onset and some remained asymptomatic into their 50s. In the unrelated family with a single affected male, the clinical presentation was characterized by severe progressive sensorimotor polyneuropathy accompanied by neuropathic pain.

Interpretation

We report two Brazilian families with CMTX6 including one harboring a previously unpublished variant in the PDK3 gene, which co‐segregates with the disease as expected in a X‐linked disease. Notably, the clinical presentations across the five families with available descriptions, including our study, share striking similarities. Furthermore, the proximity of the three reported mutations suggests potential functional similarities and common underlying mechanisms. This study contributes to the growing knowledge of CMTX6 and underscores the importance of international collaborations in studying rare genetic disorders.
Social Comparison Inside Business Groups and Strategic Change: Evidence from Group‐affiliated Chinese Firms
Authors: Ma Pengcheng , Cui Lin , Xu Dean
Published: October 2023

This study examines the effect of performance feedback on strategic change with a focus on internal social comparison in a business group context. We argue that group affiliates are more responsive to internal social comparison with group peers than to external social comparison with industry peers. However, the salience of internal social comparison is subject to institutional contingencies. We test these arguments using panel data from 1449 group affiliates in China during the period 2005–12. We find that internal social comparison has a greater effect on a group affiliate's strategic change than does external social comparison. Moreover, this effect differential is smaller in groups located in regions with more developed market institutions but larger in state‐owned groups and groups managed by internally promoted CEOs.
The Development and Implementation of a School‐Based Dental Sealant Program for Hawaii Public Schools*
Authors: Mattheus Deborah , Loos Joanne R. , Vogeler Azeema
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND

School‐based dental sealant programs are noted to increase sealant uptake among children, especially those from low‐income families and those living in rural and underserved areas. However, nationally school‐based dental sealant programs are substantially underutilized. This paper describes a partnership approach to a school‐based dental sealant program for Title 1 public schools in Hawaii.

METHODS

The Hawaii Keiki: Healthy and Ready to Learn program partnered with the Hawaii Dental Service to develop and implement an interprofessional, school‐based sealant program (SBSP). This article describes the development of key factors, such as partnerships, an interprofessional team, team roles, policies, and marketing tools to optimize program success.

RESULTS

The SBSP has completed over 3 academic years of implementation in Hawaii public schools. In its initial year (school year [SY] 2019‐2020), which presented challenges due to the COVID‐19 pandemic, it served 6 schools (106 students screened) on 1 island. It expanded to 14 schools on 1 island (193 students screened) in its second year (SY 2020‐2021), 28 schools on 3 islands (653 students screened) in its third year (SY 2021‐2022), and during the Fall of the fourth year, the program reached 50 schools on 3 islands (1821 students screened) and is projected to reach over 70 schools by the end of SY 2022‐2023.

CONCLUSION

Taking advantage of strategic partnerships and key interprofessional team members, a school‐based dental sealant program can help to improve the oral health of children in public schools by helping to decrease barriers to care.
FDI spillovers, new industry development, and economic growth
Authors: Nguyen‐Huu Thanh Tam , Pham Ngoc‐Sang
Published: October 2023

The paper investigates the optimal strategy of a small open economy receiving foreign direct investment (FDI) in an optimal growth context. We prove that no domestic firm can enter the new industry when the multinational enterprise's productivity or the fixed entry cost is high. Nevertheless, the host country's investment stock converges to a higher steady state than an economy without FDI. A domestic firm enters the new industry if its productivity is high enough. Moreover, the domestic firm can dominate or even eliminate its foreign counterpart.
Wintersweet (Chimonanthus praecox) toxicity in 5 sheep
Authors: Knapp Cambrey , Van Dyke Thomas , Foster Derek
Published: October 2023

Two sheep presented with acute tonic‐clonic seizures, opisthotonos, absent pupillary light reflexes and abnormal vital signs within 18 hours after observed consumption of leaves from an ornamental shrub later identified as wintersweet (Chimonanthus praecox). Despite symptomatic treatment, both sheep died. Three other sheep that consumed the plant died after displaying similar clinical signs, resulting in 2 deaths the prior evening and 1 recovery the next morning. Gross necropsy and histologic findings were diagnostically inconclusive. Rumen contents tested positive for the alkaloid calycanthine, a centrally‐acting convulsant known to be present in wintersweet. Case reports of calycanthine toxicity in ruminants are limited, with no detailed reports published in the United States. Calycanthine has been isolated from the seeds, flowers, and leaves of the plant. Wintersweet is part of the family Calycanthaceae that including 3 species native to North America, all of which pose a neurologic risk to ruminants if consumed.
Who's in and who's out of the cognitive kinding game? Comments on Muhammad Ali Khalidi's Cognitive ontology: Taxonomic practices in the mind‐brain sciences
Authors: Sullivan Jacqueline A.
Published: October 2023

Muhammad Ali Khalidi contends that because cognitive science casts a wider net than neuroscience in searching for the causes of cognition, it is in the superior position to discover “real” cognitive kinds. I argue that while Khalidi identifies appropriate norms for individuating cognitive kinds, these norms ground his characterization of taxonomic practices in cognitive science, rather than the other way around. If we instead treat Khalidi's norms not as descriptively accurate characterizations of taxonomic practices in cognitive science, but as a set of best practices for kinding cognition, is cognitive science in and neuroscience definitively out of the cognitive kinding game?
Kinds in the cognitive sciences: Reply to Weiskopf, Sullivan, and Robins
Authors: Khalidi Muhammad Ali
Published: October 2023

In this response to three critiques of my book, Cognitive ontology, I expand on some of its main themes. First, I demarcate the domain of cognition to support my claim that it is properly investigated from Marr's computational level. Then, I defend the claim that cognitive kinds ought to be individuated externalistically, by contrast with neural kinds, which are often individuated internalistically. This implies that the relationship between the cognitive sciences is one of delivering mutual constraints, which is a more productive research strategy than the search for “neural correlates” of cognitive constructs.
Mitochondrial genome sequence comparisons indicate that the elephant louse Haematomyzus elephantis (Piaget, 1869) contains cryptic species
Authors: Kelly Sarah , Dong Yalun , Wang Wei , Matthee Sonja , Wentzel Jeanette M. , Durden Lance A. , Shao Renfu
Published: October 2023

The parvorder Rhynchopthirina contains three currently recognised species of lice that parasitize elephants (both African savanna elephant Loxodonta africana and Asian elephant Elephas maximus), desert warthogs (Phacochoerus aethiopicus) and Red River hogs (Potamochoerus porcus), respectively. The Asian elephant lice and the African savanna elephant lice are currently treated as the same species, Haematomyzus elephantis (Piaget, 1869), based on morphology despite the fact that their hosts diverged 8.4 million years ago. In the current study, we sequenced 23 mitochondrial (mt) genes of African savanna elephant lice collected in South Africa and analysed the sequence divergence between African savanna elephant lice and previously sequenced Asian elephant lice. Sequence comparisons revealed >23% divergence for the 23 mt genes as a whole and ~17% divergence for cox1 gene between African savanna and Asian elephant lice, which were far higher than the divergence expected within a species. Furthermore, the mt gene sequence divergences between these lice are 3.76–4.6 times higher than that between their hosts, the African savanna and Asian elephants, which are expected for the co‐divergence and co‐evolution between lice and their elephant hosts. We conclude that (1) H. elephantis (Piaget, 1869) contains cryptic species and (2) African savanna and Asian elephant lice are different species genetically that may have co‐diverged and co‐evolved with their hosts.
Higher obesity class is associated with more severe esophageal symptoms and reflux burden but not altered motor function or contractile reserve
Authors: Hiramoto Brent , Redd Walker D. , Muftah Mayssan , Jonnadula Saikiran , Okwara Noreen C. , Jenkins Andrew , Cricco‐Lizza Eliza , Lee Darren J. H. , Cai Jennifer X. , Chan Walter W.
Published: October 2023

Background

Patients with obesity often report esophageal symptoms, with abnormal reflux and esophageal motility suggested as potential mechanisms. However, prior studies showed varying results, often limited by study design/size and esophageal function/symptom measures utilized. We aimed to examine the relationship between obesity and objective esophageal function testing and patient‐reported outcomes, utilizing prospective symptom, manometric and reflux monitoring data with impedance.

Methods

Adults referred for high‐resolution impedance‐manometry (HRiM) and multichannel intraluminal impedance‐pH monitoring (MII‐pH) to evaluate esophageal symptoms were enrolled. Validated symptom and health‐related quality of life (HR‐QOL) instruments were prospectively collected: GERDQ, reflux symptoms index (RSI), dominant symptom intensity (DSI, multiplied 5‐point Likert scales for symptom frequency/severity), global symptom severity (GSS, 100‐point visual analog scale), and Short Form‐12 (SF‐12) for HR‐QOL. Esophageal function testing measures were compared across body mass index (BMI) categories and correlated with patient‐reported outcomes.

Key Results

Seven hundred and fifty four patients were included (Normal:281/Overweight:253/Class I obesity:137/Class II/III obesity:83). Reflux burden measures on MII‐pH (acid exposure time, total reflux episodes, bolus exposure time), conclusive pathologic reflux (Lyon), and hiatal hernia were increased in higher obesity classes compared to normal BMI. Class II/III obesity was associated with more normal/hypercontractile swallows, less ineffective swallows, and better bolus transit on HRiM. BMI correlated positively with GERDQ/RSI/DSI/GSS, and negatively with physical component score (SF‐12). Esophageal symptom severity and HR‐QOL correlated strongly with MII‐pH findings, but not HRiM measures.

Conclusions/Inferences

Obesity is associated with increased esophageal symptom burden and worse physical HR‐QOL, which correlate with higher acid/bolus reflux burden but not altered esophageal motility/transit/contractile reserve.
Time‐resolved systems analysis of the induction of high photosynthetic capacity in Arabidopsis during acclimation to high light
Authors: Baker Christopher R. , Cocuron Jean Christophe , Alonso Ana Paula , Niyogi Krishna K.
Published: October 2023

Induction of high photosynthetic capacity is a key acclimation response to high light (HL) for many herbaceous dicot plants; however, the signaling pathways that control this response remain largely unknown. Here, a systems biology approach was utilized to characterize the induction of high photosynthetic capacity in strongly and weakly acclimating Arabidopsis thaliana accessions.

Plants were grown for 5 wk in a low light (LL) regime, and time‐resolved photosynthetic physiological, metabolomic, and transcriptomic responses were measured during subsequent exposure to HL.

The induction of high nitrogen (N) assimilation rates early in the HL shift was strongly predictive of the induction of photosynthetic capacity later in the HL shift. Accelerated N assimilation rates depended on the mobilization of existing organic acid (OA) reserves and increased de novo OA synthesis during the induction of high photosynthetic capacity. Enhanced sucrose biosynthesis capacity increased in tandem with the induction of high photosynthetic capacity, and increased starch biosynthetic capacity was balanced by increased starch catabolism.

This systems analysis supports a model in which the efficient induction of N assimilation early in the HL shift begins the cascade of events necessary for the induction of high photosynthetic capacity acclimation in HL.
Stages of aestivation as a physiological state and the related biochemical composition in the grain chinch bug (Macchiademus diplopterus)
Authors: Smit R. , Neven L. G. , Johnson S. A.
Published: October 2023

The grain chinch bug (Macchiademus diplopterus Distant) is a phytosanitary pest, endemic to the Western Cape in South Africa. At the start of the aestivation phase of their lifecycle, grain chinch bugs seek sheltering sites, which potentially include fruit and fruit trees if orchards are near host plants. Aestivating grain chinch bug on export fruit is considered contaminant or hitchhiker phytosanitary pests. Previous studies have indicated that the grain chinch bug has the ability to become more tolerant of thermal stresses as they progress through their aestivation cycle. To examine the potential physiological changes that occur during aestivation, molecular (soluble protein identification) and biochemical (macromolecule) analyses were performed on the insects before entering aestivation, as well as early, mid, mid‐late and late aestivation periods. Analyses provided useful information on the abundance and identity of individual soluble proteins and concentration of macromolecules, indicating whether compounds are up‐ or down‐regulated throughout the aestivation cycle. The focus of this investigation was to examine the influence of heat shock proteins and proteins involved in energy production and metabolism throughout the aestivation period. Results provide insight into the thermo‐tolerance capabilities or mechanisms of the grain chinch bug. The significant decrease in the number of individual proteins identified in samples before aestivation compared to early aestivation indicated the insects' progression into a hypometabolic state. During the early, mid and mid‐late aestivation periods (from December to May), large volumes of fruit are exported from South Africa. An increase in abundance of proteins, such as smHsp20, Hsp10, 70, 80 and 90, occurred during the mid/mid‐late aestivation period compared with the early period. This indicated the potential role of heat shock proteins in the insect's ability to increase its thermo‐tolerance at a later stage within the aestivation cycle.
How to judge intentionally
Authors: Peacocke Antonia
Published: October 2023

Contrary to popular philosophical belief, judgment can indeed be an intentional action. That's because an intentional judgment, even one with content p, need not be intentional as a judgment that p. It can instead be intentional just as a judgment wh‐ for some specific wh‐ question—e.g. a judgment of which x is F or a judgment whether p. This paper explains how this is possible by laying out a means by which you can perform such an intentional action. This model of intentional judgment does not stand in tension with the fact that judgment is causally regulated for truth, and that it is correct only if it is true. On the contrary, the structure of intentional action explains how an intentional judgment has these features. An extended example is developed, and sufficient conditions on intentional judgment are laid out.
Overexpression of the Small Ubiquitin‐Like Modifier protease OTS1 gene enhances drought tolerance in sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrid)
Authors: Masoabi M. , Burger N. F. V. , Botha A.‐M. , Le Roux M. L. , Vlok M. , Snyman S. , Van der Vyver C.
Published: October 2023

Sugarcane is an economically important crop plant across the globe as it is the primary source of sugar and biofuel. Its growth and development are greatly influenced by water availability; therefore, in periods of water scarcity, yields are severely compromised. Small Ubiquitin‐Like Modifier (SUMO) proteases play an important role in stress responses by regulating the SUMO‐related post‐translational modification of proteins.

In an attempt to enhance drought tolerance in sugarcane, this crop was genetically transformed with a cysteine protease (OVERLY TOLERANT TO SALT‐1; OTS1) from Arabidopsis thaliana using particle bombardment. Transgenic plants were analysed in terms of photosynthetic capacity, oxidative damage, antioxidant accumulation and the SUMO‐enrich protein profile was assessed.

Sugarcane transformed with the AtOTS1 gene displayed enhanced drought tolerance and delayed leaf senescence under water deficit compared to the untransformed wild type (WT). The AtOTS1 transgenic plants maintained a high relative moisture content and higher photosynthesis rate when compared to the WT. In addition, when the transgene was expressed at high levels, the transformed plants were able to maintain higher stomatal conductance and chlorophyl content under moderate stress compared to the WT. Under severe water deficit stress, the transgenic plants accumulated less malondialdehyde and maintained membrane integrity. SUMOylation of total protein and protease activity was lower in the AtOTS1 transformed plants compared to the WT, with several SUMO‐enriched proteins exclusively expressed in the transgenics when exposed to water deficit stress.

SUMOylation of proteins likely influenced various mechanisms contributing to enhanced drought tolerance in sugarcane.
Photosynthesis, leaf hydraulic conductance and embolism dynamics in the resurrection plant Barbacenia purpurea
Authors: Nadal Miquel , Carriquí Marc , Badel Eric , Cochard Hervé , Delzon Sylvain , King Andrew , Lamarque Laurent J. , Flexas Jaume , Torres‐Ruiz José M.
Published: October 2023

The main parameters determining photosynthesis are stomatal and mesophyll conductance and electron transport rate, and for hydraulic dynamics they are leaf hydraulic conductance and the spread of embolism. These parameters have scarcely been studied in desiccation‐tolerant (resurrection) plants exposed to drought. Here, we characterized photosynthesis and hydraulics during desiccation and rehydration in a poikilochlorophyllous resurrection plant, Barbacenia purpurea (Velloziaceae). Gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, and leaf water status were monitored along the whole dehydration‐rehydration cycle. Simultaneously, embolism formation and hydraulic functioning recovery were measured at leaf level using micro‐computed tomography imaging. Photosynthesis and leaf hydraulic conductance ceased at relatively high water potential (−1.28 and −1.54 MPa, respectively), whereas the onset of leaf embolism occurred after stomatal closure and photosynthesis cessation (<−1.61 MPa). This sequence of physiological processes during water stress may be associated with the need to delay dehydration, to prepare the molecular changes required in the desiccated state. Complete rehydration occurred rapidly in the mesophyll, whereas partial xylem refilling, and subsequent recovery of photosynthesis, occurred at later stages after rewatering. These results highlight the importance of stomata as safety valves to protect the vascular system from embolism, even in a plant able to fully recover after complete embolism.
Combined analysis of microRNA and mRNA profiles provides insights into the pathogenic resistant mechanisms of the lotus rhizome rot
Authors: Zhao Shuping , Tan Mengying , Zhu Yamei , Zhang Yao , Zhang Chuyan , Jiao Jiao , Wu Peng , Feng Kai , Li Liangjun
Published: October 2023

Lotus rhizome rot caused by Fusarium oxysporum is a common vascular fungal disease in plants that significantly impacts the yield. However, only a few studies have studied the mechanism of Nelumbo nucifera responding to lotus rhizome rot. Here, we investigated the pathogenic genes and miRNAs in lotus rhizome rot to uncover the pathogenic resistant mechanisms by transcriptome and small RNA sequencing of lotus roots after inoculation with Fusarium oxysporum. GO and KEGG functional enrichment analysis showed that differential miRNAs were mostly enriched in starch and sucrose metabolism, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, glutathione metabolism, brassinosteroid biosynthesis and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways. Twenty‐seven upregulated miRNAs, 19 downregulated miRNAs and their target genes were identified. Correlation analysis found that miRNAs negatively regulate target genes, which were also enriched in starch and sucrose metabolism and glutathione metabolism pathways. Their expression was measured by reverse transcription quantitative PCR (qRT‐PCR), and the results were consistent with the transcriptome analysis, thus verifying the reliability of transcriptome data. We selected three miRNAs (miRNA858‐y, miRNA171‐z and a novel miRNA novel‐m0005‐5p) to test the relationship between miRNAs and their target genes. The activity of the GUS testing assay indicated that miRNA could decrease the GUS activity by inhibiting the expression of their target genes. Collectively, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of transcriptome and small RNA sequencing of lotus root after inoculation with Fusarium oxysporum, and we identified candidate miRNAs and their target genes for breeding strategies of Nelumbo nucifera.
Automation, global value chains and functional specialization
Authors: Fontagné Lionel , Reshef Ariell , Santoni Gianluca , Vannelli Giulio
Published: October 2023

We study how technology adoption and changes in global value chain (GVC) integration jointly affect labor shares and business function specialization in a sample of 14 manufacturing industries in 14 European countries in 1999–2011. Increases in upstream, forward GVC integration directly reduce labor shares, mostly through reductions in fabrication, but also via other business functions. We do not find any direct effects of robot adoption; robotization affects labor only indirectly, by increasing upstream, forward GVC integration. In this sense robotization is “upstream‐biased”. Rapid robotization in China shaped robotization in Europe and, therefore, relative demand for labor there.
COVID‐19 non‐death loss and acceptance coping: A 3‐wave cross‐lagged panel analysis
Authors: English Alexander Scott , Sun Junjie , Xu Shuhong , Zheng Lu , Zhang Qionghan , Talhelm Thomas
Published: October 2023

Numerous individuals have lost loved ones during the COVID‐19 pandemic while millions of others have also experienced ongoing pervasive non‐death loss. The understanding of how people deal with non‐death loss is still relatively limited. Incorporating theory of coping and loss, this study examines the reciprocal relationship between non‐death loss and acceptance coping. Based on the results of a cross‐lagged panel model involving 314 participants in China, we found that before the end of the zero‐Covid policy, non‐death loss at Time 1 predicted less acceptance coping at Time 2, but in the opening up stage in late 2022, non‐death loss at time 2 did not predict acceptance coping at time 3. The findings have significant implications for understanding the interplay between non‐death loss and acceptance coping and highlights abrupt psychological changes during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Simultaneous realization of cadmium bioavailability reduction and spinach growth promotion in acidic soils with calcined oyster shells and dolomite
Authors: Fan Beibei , Li Xue , Fu Tianhong , Ding Shuai , Zhou Xue , Chen Qing , Peng Yutao
Published: October 2023

Cheap and widely available calcium‐based materials have gained popularity for remediating cadmium‐contaminated soils, but their potential to address cadmium (Cd) toxicity in acidic soils remains deeply understudied. The current study investigated the effects of calcined oyster shells (COS) and dolomite (DM), applied at a rate of 30 g kg−1, on Cd availability and its accumulation in spinach plants in acidic Cd‐contaminated soils (Cd concentration: 4.42 mg kg−1). Additionally, the influence of active aluminium (Al) on Cd bioavailability and plant Cd accumulation was examined. The application of COS and DM led to a reduction in diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid extracted Cd (DTPA‐Cd) of 42.1% and 28.6%, respectively. Furthermore, the COS and DM positively increased soil pH (2.48 and 1.81 units), electrical conductivity (89.4% and 28.1%), organic matter content (17.2% and 11.9%) and available phosphorus (37.7% and 6.39%) and decreased soil exchangeable Al3+ (100% and 83.9%). As a result of amending with COS and DM, the Cd concentration (81.0%–82.9%) and bioaccumulation factor (78.8%–80.2%) in spinach plants were significantly decreased (p < .05). The presence of exchangeable Al3+ in the soil showed only a weak influence on plant Cd accumulation. The COS and DM also induced 8.65 times and 5.42 times greater spinach fresh matter yield compared with the control. In conclusion, the application of COS and DM as amendments in Cd‐polluted acidic soils holds great promise. The COS has greater prospects for immobilizing Cd, promoting plant biomass and producing plants with lesser Cd concentrations in acidic soils. This work offers a new strategy by adopting wide‐resource and cost‐effective mineral materials for sustainable environmental management.
A positive effect of uncertainty shocks on the economy: Is the chase over?
Authors: Himounet Nicolas , Serranito Francisco , Vauday Julien
Published: October 2023

How large and persistent are the effects of uncertainty shocks on the economy? Are the effects of macroeconomic uncertainty shocks different from those of financial uncertainty shocks? In the empirical literature, there was a consensus on an estimated negative impact of uncertainty on macroeconomic variables. Recently, some studies identifying shocks with a novel methodology, namely the events constraint approach, find that macroeconomic uncertainty shocks may trigger an increase in the industrial production. The goal of this paper is to question this striking result. We have identified two main shortcomings in this literature that could explain the positive correlation between macroeconomic uncertainty and economic activity. We show that this method of identification can be sensitive depending on how to identify and select the structural uncertainty shocks in a SVAR model. Our main conclusion is that the controversial result of a positive effect of macroeconomic uncertainty on economic activity does not yet seem to be proven. Whether financial or macroeconomic, there is no evidence allowing for rejection of the hypothesis that they have a negative impact on economic activity.
Degree of blood safety of voluntary non‐remunerated versus replacement blood donations: A multi‐centre study of the large cohort of blood donors from two provinces of Pakistan
Authors: Jamal Saba , Mansoor Neelum , Ali Amir , Nadeem Ali , Aijaz Javeria , Meraj Fatima
Published: October 2023

Background and Objectives

Voluntary non‐remunerated blood donors (VNRBDs) are recognized as being crucial for the safety and sustainability of national blood supplies. Systems based on replacement donors (RDs) pose high risks of transfusion transmissible infections (TTIs). Currently, only 10%–13% of blood donations are voluntary in Pakistan. No large‐scale studies have been conducted to objectively evaluate the impact of the mode of donation on the frequency of TTIs, a gap this study aimed to fill.

Materials and Methods

The study was conducted at the Indus Hospital, Karachi. Data from a total of 591,820 blood donations were included from 1 October 2017 to 30 May 2021 and evaluated for type of donations and results of TTI testing, primarily performed on Architect i2000SR (Abbott). The TTIs tested include hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus, syphilis and malaria.

Results

A total of 477,938 (80.7%) RDs and 113,882 (19.3%) VNRBDs were screened. Among these, 53,590 (9.06%) were positive for TTIs. There were 10.2% positive RDs (10.08–10.25 95% confidence interval [CI]) while 4.4% in VNRBDs (4.29–4.53 95% CI). Co‐infections were observed in 2367 (0.4%) RDs, while 159 (0.02%) in VNRBDs. Geographically, the highest frequency of TTIs was observed in semi‐urban areas of Sindh (11.2%) and Punjab (9.6%). A site‐wise comparison of TTIs in RD versus VNRBD showed significant differences (p‐value 0.00).

Conclusion

RDs are associated with higher frequencies of TTIs, compared with VNRBD. However, the study was unable to assess whether the significant difference was related to individual risk or repeat/first time status of the donors. Other important variables affecting frequency are the catchment area of the blood donors in Pakistan. Urban areas have less prevalence than semi‐urban areas.
Magnetic resonance imaging features of presumed intracerebral hemorrhages in dogs show a significant association between apparent diffusion coefficient peripheral layer and estimated bleeding age and commonly exhibit a T2 blackout effect
Authors: Marazzi Roberto , Carloni Andrea , Moioli Melania , Pollard Danica , Bernardini Marco , Specchi Swan
Published: October 2023

In humans, intracranial hematomas commonly exhibit a T2 blackout effect (BOE) with diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps. Published descriptions of comparable findings in dogs with intracerebral hemorrhages are lacking. Aims of this retrospective observational study were to describe the appearance of presumed intracerebral hemorrhages (PICHs) in DWI regardless of the underlying etiology and presence of T2 blackout effect (T2 BOE) in dogs and to test potential associations with DWI and ADC findings versus the estimated age of the hemorrhage. Magnetic resonance imaging studies of dogs with presumed PICHs based on the combined evaluation of T2*W gradient echo and/or susceptibility‐weighted imaging, T1W and T2W images were enrolled. The age of the hemorrhage was estimated according to published criteria based on T1W and T2W sequences. The association between the age of the hemorrhage and the appearance of each finding (stratified or mixed), their signal intensities in DWI/ADC and the presence of the T2 BOE, was evaluated. A total of 35 PICHs were included: 13 of them were stratified and 22 had a mixed aspect. Only the ADC appearance of the peripheral layer in stratified PICHs was significantly associated with estimated age of the hemorrhage (p = .033), being hypointense in all hyperacute cases and hypo‐/isointense in acute cases. The T2 BOE was present in 29/35 PICHs. The DWI sequences showed limited utility to date PICHs in this study population. As in humans, the T2 BOE was commonly seen in DWI and ADC maps of dogs with PICHs.
G‐crossed braided zesting
Authors: Delaney Colleen , Galindo César , Plavnik Julia , Rowell Eric C. , Zhang Qing
Published: October 2023

For a finite group , a ‐crossed braided fusion category is a ‐graded fusion category with additional structures, namely, a ‐action and a ‐braiding. We develop the notion of ‐crossed braided zesting: an explicit method for constructing new ‐crossed braided fusion categories from a given one by means of cohomological data associated with the invertible objects in the category and grading group . This is achieved by adapting a similar construction for (braided) fusion categories recently described by the authors. All ‐crossed braided zestings of a given category are ‐extensions of their trivial component and can be interpreted in terms of the homotopy‐based description of Etingof, Nikshych, and Ostrik. In particular, we explicitly describe which ‐extensions correspond to ‐crossed braided zestings.
Quantitative Systems Modeling for Critical Infrastructure Predictions in Climate Change: A National Defense Framework
Authors: Badiru Adedeji , Wagenknecht Nils , Mertens Andreas , Omitaomu Olufemi
Published: October 2023

Any national defense is dependent on the efficacy of the available physical infrastructure. Whatever degrades infrastructure, structurally, physically, architecturally, or esthetically, is of interest to the nation. Climate change is now a major significant factor of interest impinging on national critical infrastructure. The devastating effects of climate change have increasing pervasiveness throughout the world. The impact on critical infrastructure is of particular interest to researchers. In consonance with ASCE-ASME's special issue on critical infrastructure protection and resilience, this paper presents a systems-modeling approach for critical infrastructure and predictions in relation to climate change agreements in COP26. The paper addresses high-level critical systems-based assessment of the social, legal, economic, and technical nuances impinging on the viability of COP26 agreements. The paper was written using a multinational collaboration approach. The specific focus of national defense is used as the backdrop for the methodology of the paper.
Effects of Blockage Ratio on the Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Turbulent Flow Separation Around a Square Cylinder at Moderate Reynolds Numbers
Authors: Abdul-Salam Fati Bio , Tachie Mark Francis
Published: October 2023

The effects of blockage ratio (BR) on turbulent flows around square cylinders at moderate Reynolds numbers are investigated using a time-resolved particle image velocimetry (TR-PIV). The blockage ratios range from 2.5% to 15%, and the Reynolds numbers based on the freestream velocity and cylinder thickness are 3000, 7500, and 15,000. The flow dynamics are examined in terms of the mean flow, Reynolds stresses, frequency spectra, reverse flow area, and proper orthogonal decomposition (POD). The results show that the wake characteristics are nearly independent of the Reynolds number and blockage ratio. Spectral analyses of the velocity fluctuations demonstrate that the von Kármán (VK) shedding frequency is independent of the Reynolds number and blockage ratio, however, the Kelvin–Helmholtz (KH) frequencies increase with increasing Reynolds number and blockage ratio. The probability density function of the reverse flow area shows unimodal and bimodal distributions for the lower (BR ≤ 5%) and higher (BR ≥ 10%) blockage ratios, respectively, and the mean reverse flow area and its standard deviation decrease with increasing blockage ratio. The results also show that the contributions from the first POD mode pair to the total energy increase with blockage ratio but independent of the Reynolds number. The POD mode coefficients show significant cycle-to-cycle variation at lower blockage ratios, suggesting that the energetic structures are comparatively less organized at lower blockage ratios. The spectra of the velocity fluctuations, reverse flow area, and POD mode coefficients all show dominant peaks at the fundamental shedding frequency.
How Important is Position in Adaptive Treadmill Control?
Authors: Downer Kaitlyn E. , Pariser Kayla M. , Donlin Margo C. , Higginson Jill S.
Published: October 2023

To more closely mimic overground walking, researchers are developing adaptive treadmills (ATMs) that update belt speed in real-time based on user gait mechanics. Many existing ATM control schemes are solely based on position on the belt and do not respond to changes in gait mechanics, like propulsive forces, that result in increased overground walking speed. To target natural causal mechanisms to alter speed, we developed an ATM controller that adjusts speed via changes in position, step length, and propulsion. Gains on each input dictate the impact of the corresponding parameter on belt speed. The study objective was to determine the effect of modifying the position gain on self-selected walking speed, measures of propulsion, and step length. Twenty-two participants walked at their self-selected speed with four ATM controllers, each with a unique position gain. Walking speed, anterior and posterior ground reaction force peaks and impulses, net impulse, and step length were compared between conditions. Smaller position gains promoted more equivalent anterior and posterior impulses, resulting in a net impulse closer to zero (p = 0.0043), a characteristic of healthy gait. Walking speed, anterior and posterior ground reaction force peaks and impulses, and step length did not change between conditions (all p > 0.05). These results suggest that reducing the importance of position in the ATM controller may promote more balanced anterior and posterior impulses, possibly improving the efficacy of the ATM for gait rehabilitation by emphasizing changes in gait mechanics instead of position to naturally adjust speed.
Rework and Repair Options for Steam Turbine Components Subject to Flexible Operation
Authors: Biesinger Frank , Lorini Huascar , Shah Ritesh
Published: October 2023

The increase in renewable energy penetration on the grid has accelerated the need to transition conventional fossil-based energy sources from their traditional base load operation to more flexible operational regimes. The mode of operation changed dramatically in terms of number of starts, operating hours per annum, and variation in load level. This results in greater thermal transients on operational equipment leading to an increase in Low Cycle Fatigue damage. To ensure the continued integrity of the steam turbine components, it is essential to assess the lifetime status by applying residual lifetime analysis methods. Depending on the amount of lifetime consumption and the extend of potential crack findings, different component repair options are possible. The rework or repair options can be divided into two main groups, namely, cold- and hot-rework. These two options can also be carried out consecutively. All rework or repair options provide the opportunity to improve the application of a component by applying profiling with improved stress fields and even superior materials, in the case of hot rework. The aim of the rework/reconditioning is to ensure that the steam turbine component is suitable for future operation. This ensures that plants are well placed to deliver more flexible operation in the energy industry through carefully tailored refurbishments and reworks.
Virtually Masculine: Queer Men’s Experiences With Harassment in Online Video Games
Authors: Brenner-Levoy Jeremy
Published: October 2023

Video games are an understudied sport featuring social interactions both similar and dissimilar to those in offline sports. While anonymity in online video games could create a space where minoritized groups experience more equitable treatment, offline social inequalities are translated into online video game interactions. Drawing on 20 semistructured interviews and 2,694 survey responses from self-identified queer men, I build a framework for understanding gender, sexuality, and racial/ethnic harassment in online video games. I argue that nerd masculinity is a protest masculinity that uses symbolic harassment to reframe masculine hierarchy online and enforce hegemonic nerd masculinity. With this study, I illustrate the prevalence of symbolic harassment and the channels it may follow to become direct harassment.
Intravital microscopy of satellite cell dynamics and their interaction with myeloid cells during skeletal muscle regeneration
Authors: He Yingzhu , Heng Youshan , Qin Zhongya , Wei Xiuqing , Wu Zhenguo , Qu Jianan
Published: October 2023

Skeletal muscle regeneration requires the highly coordinated cooperation of muscle satellite cells (MuSCs) with other cellular components. Upon injury, myeloid cells populate the wound site, concomitant with MuSC activation. However, detailed analysis of MuSC–myeloid cell interaction is hindered by the lack of suitable live animal imaging technology. Here, we developed a dual-laser multimodal nonlinear optical microscope platform to study the dynamics of MuSCs and their interaction with nonmyogenic cells during muscle regeneration. Using three-dimensional time-lapse imaging on live reporter mice and taking advantages of the autofluorescence of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), we studied the spatiotemporal interaction between nonmyogenic cells and muscle stem/progenitor cells during MuSC activation and proliferation. We discovered that their cell-cell contact was transient in nature. Moreover, MuSCs could activate with notably reduced infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages, and their proliferation, although dependent on macrophages, did not require constant contact with them. These findings provide a fresh perspective on myeloid cells’ role during muscle regeneration.
One-step rolling fabrication of VO
2
tubular bolometers with polarization-sensitive and omnidirectional detection
Authors: Wu Binmin , Zhang Ziyu , Chen Bingxin , Zheng Zhi , You Chunyu , Liu Chang , Li Xing , Wang Jinlong , Wang Yunqi , Song Enming , Cui Jizhai , An Zhenghua , Huang Gaoshan , Mei Yongfeng
Published: October 2023

Uncooled infrared detection based on vanadium dioxide (VO
2
) radiometer is highly demanded in temperature monitoring and security protection. The key to its breakthrough is to fabricate bolometer arrays with great absorbance and excellent thermal insulation using a straightforward procedure. Here, we show a tubular bolometer by one-step rolling VO
2
nanomembranes with enhanced infrared detection. The tubular geometry enhances the thermal insulation, light absorption, and temperature sensitivity of freestanding VO
2
nanomembranes. This tubular VO
2
bolometer exhibits a detectivity of ~2 × 10
8
cm Hz
1/2
W
−1
in the ultrabroad infrared spectrum, a response time of ~2.0 ms, and a calculated noise-equivalent temperature difference of 64.5 mK. Furthermore, our device presents a workable structural paradigm for polarization-sensitive and omnidirectional light coupling bolometers. The demonstrated overall characteristics suggest that tubular bolometers have the potential to narrow performance and cost gap between photon detectors and thermal detectors with low cost and broad applications.