bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tiwul consumption preferences during the Covid-19 pandemic in Nganjuk, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Fitriana F N , Khoiriyah N , Mahfudz M
Published: December 2021

Households in Indonesia consume rice as the main source of carbohydrates, but in some areas where cassava production centers, the source of carbohydrates is not only rice but also cassava and processed cassava, includingtiwul. The purpose of this study was to analyze the preference fortiwulconsumption for all carbohydrate foods and to analyze the share oftiwulexpenditure on carbohydrate foods. The research was conducted in the village with the highest consumption oftiwul, namely Sudimoroharjo Village, Wilangan, Nganjuk, East Java, Indonesia. The research data using primary data were collected by direct interviews with 46 households. The research data includestiwulattribute data consisting of color, taste, availability, and price. Also, data on consumption and expenditure of all carbohydrates consumed by the sample households, namelytiwul, rice, corn, cassava, sweet potato, and potatoes. Data analysis used expenditure share analysis and Conjoint analysis. The results showed that the share oftiwulexpenditure was the second largest after rice (79.98%),tiwul(16.39%), potatoes (2.78%), sweet potato (0.54%), cassava (0.2%), and the smallest was corn (0.11%). The preference fortiwulconsumption was dominated by taste, price, color, and availability with relative importance values of 49.89%, 30.48%, 10.02%, and 9.61%, respectively. Promotion of theTiwulConsumption Movement is needed, especially for the young generation and children, to increasetiwulconsumption and reduce household dependence on rice.
Novel primer targeting the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 (ND4) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (ND5) for detection of porcine (Sus scrofa) DNA fragments in food products for halal authentication
Authors: Kusnadi J , Mahardita P , Al-Awwaly K U , Arumingtyas E L
Published: December 2021

In this research, a pair primer targeting NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 (ND4) gene of porcine (Sus scrofa) mt-DNA was designed and tested for its specificity. The ND4 primer was compared for its robustness against an established primer pair designed to amplify the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (ND5) gene. The samples include non-halal meat animals (dog, porcine, and rat) and halal meat animals (chicken, cow, and horse). DNA from raw meat was isolated by modified Chloroform Isoamyl-Alcohol method and then was analyzed quantitatively with NanoDrop™ spectrophotometer followed by amplification using PCR technique. The amplification results proved that the two pairs of primers were specific, resulting in amplification of 120 bp DNA target for ND4 and 227 bp for ND5. It can be concluded that the two primers can differentiate between halal and non-halal animals. However, to determine the sensitivity of each primer, further research is needed.
Isolation of guaiene from crude and distillate patchouli oil extracted by molecular distillation
Authors: Widyasanti A , Nurjanah S , Nurhadi B , Osman C P
Published: December 2021

Guaiene is one of the components of sesquiterpenes that affects the patchouli oil fragrance. It is commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry and is also used as a flavoring and fragrance agent in the food industry. The objective of this study was to obtain the highest content of guaiene and to investigate the effect of the isolation stage by the molecular distillation process. Crude and distillate fraction patchouli oil samples were introduced into the molecular distillation system. The process conditions applied were first-stage and second-stage molecular distillation. Parameters observed were in terms of chemical composition and color. Results obtained the highest content of a-guaiene in the patchouli oil fraction distillate provided by second-stage molecular distillation (23.53%). However, the highest content of A-guaiene was revealed in second-stage molecular distillation residues (33.15%) of patchouli oil fraction distillate samples. The chromaticity value of the second stage distillate was yellow while the residue was yellow-red, respectively.
Osmosis dehydration of sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata.) kernel with trehalose solution
Authors: Susilo B , Lutfi M , Lu’ay H E
Published: December 2021

Osmosis dehydration is a process of reducing water content by immersing the material in a hypertonic solution. It usually uses a sugar solution likes mono-saccharide or disaccharide. Trehalose is one type of disaccharide that can be used as a solute. Trehalose is able to maintain the nutrition content of food material and the aroma of horticulture products because it maintains and stabilizes complex molecules. Immersing of sweet corn kernel in trehalose solution was expected to maintain kernel sweet corn quality in relation to the next process. The objective of the research is to investigate the effects of the different immersing temperatures and trehalose concentrations on the physical quality of sweet corn. This study used solution with concentrations of 4%, 8%, and 12% trehalose. The variations of immersing temperature were 30°C, 40°C, and 50°C. The experiment was done with a factorial completely randomized design. The first factor was immersing temperature and the second factor was the concentration of trehalose solution. The data was analyzed using Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) method. The temperature treatment of 50°C and trehalose concentration of 12% showed the highest weight reduction (6.18%), solid gain (4.5%), and water loss (10.38%). The lowest water content of corn kernel was also obtained in this treatment i.e 78.7%.
Image processing algorithm to estimate ice-plant leaf area from RGB images under different light conditions
Authors: Islam S , Reza M N , Chowdhury M , Islam M N , Ali M , Kiraga S , Chung S O
Published: December 2021

The productivity of horticultural crops in an artificial light condition are highly influenced by the structure of plant and the area coverage. Accurate measurement of leaf area is very important for predicting plant water demand and optimal growth. In this paper, we proposed an image processing algorithm to estimate the ice-plant leaf area from the RGB images under the artificial light condition. The images were taken using a digital camera and the RGB images were transformed to grayscale images. A binary masking was applied from a grayscale image by classifying each pixel, belonging to the region of interest from the background. Then the masked images were segmented and the leaf region was filled using region filling technique. Finally, the leaf area was calculated from the number of pixel and using known object area. The experiment was carried out in three different light conditions with same plant variety (Ice-plant, Mesembryanthemum crystallinum). The results showed that the correlation between the actual and measured leaf area was found over 0.97 (R2:0.973) by our proposed method. Different light condition also showed significant impact on plant growth. Our results inspired further research and development of algorithms for the specific applications.
Turning stability analysis of a 12-kW self-propelled riding-type automatic onion transplanter to ensure user safety
Authors: Chowdhury M , Gulandaz M A , Kiraga S , Ali M , Reza M N , Kwon H J , Lee D H , Chung S O
Published: December 2021

The lateral turning stability analysis of the self-propelled riding-type upland crop machinery is an important issue as the cultivation lands are usually uneven, and cause severe work-related injuries, even death. In this study, the lateral turning stability of a 12-kW self-propelled riding-type automatic onion transplanter was analyzed for ensuring the operator’s safety during transplanting operation. To evaluate turning stability, the center of gravity (CG) of the developed onion transplanter was determined theoretically. Then, a simulation was carried out to identify the lateral turning stability angles using the RecurDyn software, and the results were validated through tests. Rollover angles in the loaded and unloaded conditions were also checked. The statistical significance of the replications was determined by a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). According to the physical dimensions of the onion transplanter, the mathematical rollover angle was 34.5°. The average simulated rollover angles were 43.9°. Due to the symmetrical structure, a 4.5° turning difference was observed between the right and left side turning, and a 3° angle difference was occurred due to the variation of load conditions. The rollover angles fulfilled the ISO (International Organization for Standardization) standard. The findings of this study would be helpful for the manufacturers to ensure operator safety during the upland crop machinery operation in uneven and sloped lands.
Preliminary study on development of cocoa beans fermentation level measurement based on computer vision and artificial intelligence
Authors: Anggraini C D , Putranto A W , Iqbal Z , Firmanto H , Al Riza D F
Published: December 2021

The fermentation process is an important indicator of cocoa beans’ quality. The standard method used is the Magra test by splitting the cocoa beans and observing the color of the beans with the naked eye to estimate the degree of fermentation. Although, manual estimation systems require specific expertise, which can lead to inconsistency in predicting cocoa bean fermentation rate. This research aims to develop a classification model of two categories of cocoa, i.e., fermented and unfermented cocoa, using computer vision and a machine learning model. Image analysis has been carried out, and color features have been used to train and compare several classification models. After analyzing the data, it was found out that a model that can quantify the standard and accurate measurement of the degree of fermentation of cocoa beans using artificial neural network models so that it can segment, calculate, and grade classification by using color feature extraction, which is the average value of RGB and L*a*b. The Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) has been found to be superior compared to other models achieving training and validation accuracy of 94%.
Classification of soybean tempe quality using deep learning
Authors: Hendrawan Y , Rohmatulloh B , Prakoso I , Liana V , Fauzy M R , Damayanti R , Hermanto M B , Al Riza D F , Sandra
Published: December 2021

Tempe is a traditional food originating from Indonesia, which is made from the fermentation process of soybean using Rhizopus mold. The purpose of this study was to classify three quality levels of soybean tempe i.e., fresh, consumable, and non-consumable using a convolutional neural network (CNN) based deep learning. Four types of pre-trained networks CNN were used in this study i.e. SqueezeNet, GoogLeNet, ResNet50, and AlexNet. The sensitivity analysis showed the highest quality classification accuracy of soybean tempe was 100% can be achieved when using AlexNet with SGDm optimizer and learning rate of 0.0001; GoogLeNet with Adam optimizer and learning rate 0.0001, GoogLeNet with RMSProp optimizer, and learning rate 0.0001, ResNet50 with Adam optimizer and learning rate 0.00005, ResNet50 with Adam optimizer and learning rate 0.0001, and SqueezeNet with RSMProp optimizer and learning rate 0.0001. In further testing using testing-set data, the classification accuracy based on the confusion matrix reached 98.33%. The combination of the CNN model and the low-cost digital commercial camera can later be used to detect the quality of soybean tempe with the advantages of being non-destructive, rapid, accurate, low-cost, and real-time.
Utilization of rice bran for wheat flour substitution in noodle product development: a review
Authors: Santoso V , Estiasih T , Putri W D R
Published: December 2021

Rice bran is a by-product of polishing in the rice milling process. Rice bran contains numerous bioactive compounds with a beneficial effect on human health, namely dietary fiber, flavonoid, tocopherol, tocotrienol, and gamma-oryzanol. Since the trend of healthy food has been rising, rice bran has been taken an interest to use in functional food development. Noodle products are often developed as a functional food due to widely consumed foods and as a great carrier to deliver bioactive compounds. The utilization of rice bran could change noodle quality attributes which influences market acceptance. Dietary fiber in rice bran could affect noodles cooking quality and texture profile. Stabilization of rice bran before use could reduce adverse effects of rice bran on noodles’ quality. Noodle processing such as kneading and cooking could affect antioxidant compounds. The aim of this paper is to review rice bran substituted noodle quality, including nutritional product value, factors affecting noodle characteristics, and methods to improve rice bran noodle quality. This paper discussed not only noodles enriched with white rice bran but also with red and black rice bran. Thus, it could provide broad information to support further rice bran utilization in noodle development.
Comparison of cyanide content in arbila beans (Phaseolus lunatus l) of East Nusa Tenggara using picrate and acid hydrolysis methods
Authors: Pramitha A R , Harijono H , Wulan S N
Published: December 2021

Arbila beans contains cyanogenic compounds in the form of linamarin (cyanoglucosides), acetone cyanohydrin, and free cyanide, all together constitute total cyanide content. The objective of this study was to compare the cyanide content in arbila beans analyzed by picrate and acid hydrolysis methods. Picrate method measures total cyanide only. Cyanide content was identified by using a picrate paper, which turned into yellow. The absorbance was measured by a spectrophotometer at 510 nm. Acid hydrolysis method measures cyanide in arbila beans in the form of linamarin, acetone cyanohydrin, and free cyanide. Linamarin wa hydrolyzed in H3PO4 solution. Estimated cyanide levels was measured by using a colorimetric procedure. Data was analyzed using Independent sample t-test (SPSS v.16). The results showed that, there was no difference in the total level of cyanide in both methods. Total cyanide measured by picrate and acid hydrolysis method was 2705.17 ppm and 2693.29 ppm, respectively. In addition, the three forms of cyanide content were as follows: linamarin 926.22 ppm, cyanohydrin 556.01 ppm, and free cyanide 1211.06 ppm. Based on the results, both methods can be used for total cyanide analysis. To determine the form of cyanide other than total cyanide, it is recommended to use the acid hydrolysis method.
Optimization of maltodextrin concentration, drying temperature and drying time on total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of black garlic (Allium sativum L.) aqueous extract powder using response surface methodology
Authors: Widyaningsih T D , Akbar S M , Wijayanti N
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this research was to optimize the drying process and maltodextrin concentration of black garlic (Allium sativum L.) aqueous extract powder using the response surface methodology. The process conditions were based on the Box-Behnken design, with 17 kinds of variations in the drying temperature (50-70 °C), drying time (18-30 hours), and maltodextrin concentration (5-15 %). The moisture content, total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP) of black garlic extract powder were significantly higher at temperature of 60 °C, drying time of 30 hours and maltodextrin concentration of 5%. In this condition, total flavonoid content (14.372 mg QE/g), DPPH radical scavenging (19.616 mg TE/g), FRAP radical scavenging activity (27.661 mg TE/g) were excellent. Overall, the drying process conditions for the optimized biological activities of black garlic extract powder were expected to be at 59.95 °C, for 30 hours with 5% maltodextrin concentration.
Study of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) grains fermentation with Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 14977 on tannin content
Authors: Putri S N A , Utari D P , Martati E , Putri W D R
Published: December 2021

Sorghum is one of the most important source of carbohydrate and protein, but least utilized staple crops because of low nutrient bioavailability. The research aimed to study the fermentation of sorghum grains with Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 14977 (L. plantarum) on tannin content. The study employed two factors experiment of L. plantarum starter cultures concentrations (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 %) and duration of fermentation. Samples were taken every 12 h during sorghum fermentation (72 h). The viability of microbes, pH, titratable acidity (TA) of the fermentation medium and tannin content of the fermented sorghum grains were measured. The results showed that at the end of fermentation (72 h), the pH decreased from 6.4 to 5.8-6.0, TA increased to 0.59, 0.63, 0.8, 0.95 and 0.88% at a starter cultures concentrations of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10%, respectively. Tannin content decreased significantly after fermentation for 48 h for all treatments. However, prolonged fermentation from 48 to 72 h did not reduce tannin.
Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity in eight cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata) genotypes
Authors: Yusnawan E , Inayati A , Baliadi Y
Published: December 2021

Cowpea is considered as one of the underutilized legumes which is rich in secondary metabolites. These metabolites can be detected during the plant growth and the contents increase especially after the plants are stressed both abiotic and biotic. This study aimed to determine total phenolic and flavonoid contents as well as antioxidant activity in seeds of eight cowpea genotypes. Two extraction solvents (70% acetone and 70% acidified acetone) were used to extract the secondary metabolites in those cowpea genotypes. Total flavonoid contents of those genotypes extracted in 70% acetone and 70% acidified acetone were in the range from 7.28 to 10.90 mg CE/g and 7.84 to 11.58 mg CE/g, whereas total phenolic contents were from 15.20 to 19.99 mg GAE/g and 15.03 to 21.15 mg GAE/g. Inhibition percentages of antioxidant activity were in the range from 46.90 % to 59.46 % and 50.71 % to 63.81 % for 70% acetone and 70% acidified acetone, respectively. Both solvents were effective to extract those secondary metabolites. Flavonoid and phenolic contents of MLGU 0239 were the highest among other genotypes, which were 11.58 mg CE/g and 21.15 GAE/g and antioxidant activity was 63.81 % inhibition after being extracted with 70% acidified acetone. This study observed the variation of the secondary metabolites among eight cowpea genotypes with different seed coat colours.
Product development of avocado-coffee using Quality Function Deployment method in Doesoen Sirap coffee shop, Semarang, Central Java
Authors: Prihastari Z S , Sabarisman I
Published: December 2021

The millennial lifestyle encourages the development of coffee drinks, accompanied by the proliferation of coffee shops. Coffee and avocado are some of the potential plantation products in Dusun Sirap, Semarang. Currently, there is no processing of avocado plantation products at the coffee shop. This study aimed to produce avocado coffee at the Doesoen Sirap coffee shop according to consumer preference by Quality Function Deployment method. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires and interviews. The questionnaires showed that seven attributes, namely taste, texture, color, size, price, topping, and drinking aids in avocado coffee on the market today, have not satisfied consumers. Therefore, technical needs are required to achieve customer satisfaction on these attributes. Avocado coffee has eight technical requirements. One of the highest technical requirements is the mass ratio of avocado, ice, water, and sugar to create the sweet taste of avocado juice. After forming the House of Quality matrix, there are three design concepts for the avocado coffee prototype that will be made. Based on interviews with the shop barista as a trained panelist, avocado coffee products with a sugar dose of 25 mg were the chosen concept.
An analysis of supply chain collaboration index by using FAHP and SCCI: a case study of organic fertiliser company X, Indonesia
Authors: Dania W A P , Hidayat A , Nugraha B A , Lestari E
Published: December 2021

Supply chain collaboration is one of the most crucial variables of driving business success in organic fertiliser Companies, especially to maintain the continual flow from upstream to downstream. Therefore, understanding the level of collaboration factors is vital in sustaining the partnership as well as reducing any conflicts among stakeholders. This study aims to measure the depth of collaboration among Company X and its suppliers. The assessment of the supply chain collaboration index will perform Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP) to weight the collaboration behaviour factors and Supply Chain Collaboration Index (SCCI) to measure the depth level of collaboration. The collaboration behaviour factors examined in this study are including joint effort, collaboration values, sharing activities, adaptation, trust, power, stability, commitment, continuous improvement and coordination. Based on the computation process using SCCI, the collaboration index among company X and its supplier is 76.72 on a scale of 1-100. It implies that the collaboration is at a moderate level. Consequently, the company needs to recognise the low score factors and develop a strategy for improvement. Some aspects that deserve further attention are sharing activities, power, and stability. By enhancing the performance of these factors, the supply chain collaboration index can also be increased.
Factors affecting the adoption of halal assurance system (HAS) at a restaurant in sharia concept hotel
Authors: Sucipto S , Fadhila R , Astuti R
Published: December 2021

Sharia concept hotels should be supported by halal-certified restaurants. One of the requirements for halal certification is to implement a halal assurance system (HAS). Many restaurants at sharia concept hotels in Malang are not certified halal, so they need to be committed to adopting the HAS. This research aims to analyze the variable of HAS adoption in hotel restaurants with the sharia concept and provide alternatives to accelerate HAS adoption. The variables of this study are management commitment, materials, processing, customer experience, and attitude. The data were collected through questionnaires to 32 respondents of 8 hotel restaurants with Islamic concepts in Malang and processed using the Partial Least Square method. The analysis results showed that the variables of management commitment and attitude significantly affect the adoption of HAS. Besides, the variables of materials, processing, and customer experience do not significantly affect the adoption of HAS. There is a need for training for restaurant businesses to know the process of compiling HAS, commit to choosing halal-guaranteed ingredients, and carry out the halal production process. The restaurants at sharia concept hotels are advised to arrange and implement HAS as the initial stage of halal certification.
Determination of the best formula to increase potato chips quality with the integration of consumer acceptance and laboratory testing
Authors: Karina S , Mustaniroh S A , Purwaningsih I , Santoso I
Published: December 2021

Consumers’ demand for competitive product quality is a challenge for Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) producing potato chips. One of the constraints is the inconsistent quality of the production. Thus, it is necessary to determine a formula as a standard for optimization in production. This research aims to determine the best formula in the quality of the production process based on the integration of consumer assessment and laboratory testing. The analytical method for determining the best formulation was the Effectiveness Index (EI) and Multiple Attribute (MA) and it will be compared with the standard quality of potato chips (SNI 01-4031-1996). The research object was the SMEs cluster of the potato chip (9 units) in Batu City. The indicators for consumer acceptance tests include color, taste, aroma, wholeness, and crunchiness, while indicators for laboratory tests include moisture content, fat content, and free fatty acids. The results showed that the best performance of SMEs A and the worst of SMEs C compared to SNI01-4031-1996 as a basis for improvement in its critical processes. The results of determining the best formula show that the moisture content for SMEs A is still not suitable so that improvements in the drying and frying process are recommended.
Value-added analysis and development strategy of lemongrass bath salt effervescent in Sampang Regency
Authors: Maflahah I , Asfan D F
Published: December 2021

This study aims to determine the added value and cost-efficiency of the effervescent lemongrass bath salt and formulate a strategic design for developing the effervescent lemongrass bath salt. The research was conducted in Sampang District, East Java, Indonesia, using the purposive sampling method. The value-added of the effervescent was calculated, the cost-efficiency was considered using the R / C ratio analysis, while the development strategy used the SWOT method. The calculated added value obtained shows a positive result. The value of the R / C ratio was 1.836. Based on the results of the analysis of the internal strategy factors, the IFAS value was 3.425, and the results of the study of the external strategic factors obtained an EFAS value of 2.658. This value places the effervescent lemongrass bath salt in the growth-oriented strategy.
Strategies for improving the quality of the ground coffee product: a case study at SMEs X Malang, Indonesia
Authors: Ikasari D M , Santoso I , Julian T
Published: December 2021

SMEs X is one of the SMEs in Malang City that produces ground coffee. The increasing number of ground coffee producers in Malang City make SMEs X must be able to survive in the competition so that SMEs X needs to improve the quality of ground coffee products. The methods used are Quality Function Deployment (QFD) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The results show that five essential attributes for consumers to improve the quality of ground coffee include unique packaging forms, packaging materials that can maintain quality, attractive packaging colours, convenience for consumers to reach sales locations, and convenience for consumers to get products. Strategies that can be used to improve the quality of ground coffee include redesigning the packaging, improving the ground coffee production process, selecting good quality coffee beans, resetting the selling price of the product, increasing marketing effectiveness, and applying for a permit from the national drug and food agency.
Barrier and motivations implementation of safety and halal assurance for apple processed products: A review
Authors: Marsusvita A , Suprayogi S , Sucipto S
Published: December 2021

Consumers are increasingly critical and require transparency of information related to food quality. As such, the warranties of safety and halal processed apple products are increasing. Therefore, the apple processing industry should implement various systems to obtain product safety and halal certificates. This certification is not only based on the final products, but starts from the procurement of raw materials, production processes, to the distribution with evidence of consistency of implementation. Safety and halal implementation have various obstacles and challenges, especially for micro and small businesses. This article reviews the barrier factors and motivations for the implementation of safety and halal assurances for processed apple products, especially in micro and small businesses. The study results show that the main motivations for apple processing businesses include improving product safety and quality, creating satisfaction and fulfilling consumer demands, improving company image. In addition, the micro and small-scale food industries also face various obstacles, namely human resources, finance and infrastructure. These barriers can be overcome by a commitment to management, effective communication, cost management, education and training, operating procedures, supplier management, and external supports. Research regarding strategies to implement halal and safety guarantees for small-scale apple processing businesses is needed.
Modelling and optimization of free fatty acid reduction in bulk palm cooking oil
Authors: Kristianingsih W , Liana V , Rohmatulloh B , Prakoso I , Fauzy M R , Argo B D , Hendrawan Y
Published: December 2021

Bulk cooking oil from palm oil processing is one of the biodiesel materials which is available in large quantities. The pre-treatment process can be done by adding 100 mesh activated zeolite adsorbent as a substitute for the esterification process to reduce free fatty acid (FFA). The purpose of this research was to model and optimize the zeolite concentration and adsorption time to reduce free fatty acids in bulk palm cooking oil. This study used a response surface method with a central composite design (CCD), resulting in 13 experimental combinations of two factorial treatments, i.e. the concentration of zeolite adsorbent and adsorption time. The zeolite concentration and the adsorption time with an upper limit of 30% and 120 minutes and a lower limit of 10% and 60 minutes had a significant effect on the FFA reduction. The best model was a quadratic model. The testing of validation data used the recommended optimum combination, i.e. the zeolite concentration of 10.59% and the adsorption time of 101.57 minutes resulting in a deviation of 5.37% between the predicted data and the actual data.
Isolation of thermo-tolerant and ethanol-tolerant yeast from local fermented foods and their potential as bioethanol producers
Authors: Nurcholis M , Setiawan A , Kusnadi J , Maligan J M
Published: December 2021

Bioethanol is a liquid chemical produced from sugar-, starch-or lignocellulosic-based biomass through fermentation by ethanol-producing microbes. Ethanol-producing yeast generally has limited tolerance to ethanol and has limitation to high temperatures above 40°C. High-temperature tolerant yeast is required because it potentially reduces the risk of contamination and it also reduces the cost of the cooling process. This study aims to determine ethanol-producing yeasts that have tolerance to ethanol and high temperatures from local fermented food products. This study uses a descriptive method conducted in three stages. Isolation and selection of yeast were performed from 18 local fermented foods in Indonesia. Temperature and ethanol tolerance of selected yeast were performed by using a spot test method. The ethanol content was tested using Gas Chromatography (GC). The results exhibited that isolate F08b had the highest tolerance to ethanol and temperature. The isolate was able to grow up to a temperature of 50°C and a concentration of 18% ethanol. Meanwhile, isolate F10 was able to produce the highest ethanol concentration at 3.37% (v/v) in 48th-hour fermentation.
Isolation, purification and characterization of mannan degrading enzyme from a new isolate Acinetobacter baummanni
Authors: Muzaki D , Zubaidah E , Santoso S , Sutrisno A
Published: December 2021

A mannan-degrading microbe was isolated from rottingporangtubers (Amorphophallus muelleriBlume). Molecular identification using 16S-rRNA sequence analysis revealed that the isolate showed 99.67% similarity withAcinetobacter baummanni. A crude enzyme from ammonium sulphate precipitation was used for preliminary characterization. The characterization results showed that the enzyme activity is optimum at 45 °C, and stable at 35-50 °C, while the optimum pH is 7, and stable at pH 5-7. The substrate with the highest relative activity was found in guar gum which was 137.512%. The enzyme activity was inhibited by Ca, Na, K ions, and increased by Mn2+ions.
General methods to isolate, characterize, select, and identify fructophilic lactic acid bacteria from fructose-rich environments – A mini-review
Authors: Muslimah R H , Mahatmanto T , Kusnadi J , Murdiyatmo U
Published: December 2021

Fructophilic lactic acid bacteria are a group of newly discovered lactic acid bacteria. Despite their potential application as probiotics in the food industry, exploration of ecological niches to discover new fructophilic lactic acid bacteria is scarce, and information that concisely describes the practical aspects of their discovery process is limited. In this mini-review, we focus on methods that have been developed to discover fructophilic lactic acid bacteria from fructose-rich environments such as flowers and bee products. First, we briefly introduce the definition, classification, diversity, and ecological niches of fructophilic lactic acid bacteria. Next, we discuss the unique characteristics that distinguish fructophilic lactic acid bacteria from other microorganisms. Finally, we outline the principles and steps to isolate, characterize, select, and identify fructophilic lactic acid bacteria. The discovery of fructophilic lactic acid bacteria with unique characteristics could provide an impetus for the development of probiotics from fructophilic lactic acid bacteria.
Characteristic of microbiological, chemical, and antibacterial activity of turmeric (Curcuma longa) kombucha
Authors: Zubaidah E , Nisak Y K , Wijayanti S A , Christianty R A
Published: December 2021

Kombucha is a fermented tea beverage with the addition of a kombucha starter called SCOBY (Symbiotic Culture of Bacteria and Yeast). This research aimed to know the microbiological, chemical and antibacterial activity from various concentrations of turmeric kombucha. The data result was analyzed by descriptive analysis with one factor of turmeric concentration (0.4%; 0.8%; 1.2%; 1.6%; 2%). The best treatment was selected using Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCMD) method with the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) technique. The best treatment was obtained on turmeric kombucha 0.8%. Based on analysis, the best treatment is turmeric kombucha 0.8% with characteristics as follows: pH 2.92; total acid 0.28%; total phenol 147.45 μg GAE/ml; total sugar 8%, total microbial 2.5 x 107CFU/ml, inhibition zone diametersfor E.coli3.13 mm; whereas black tea kombucha has pH 2.81; total acid 0.58%; total phenol 716.02 μg GAE/ml; total sugar 7.83%, total microbial 1.3 × 108CFU/ml and inhibition zone diametersfor E.coli2.50 mm.
Effect of sucker weight and seedling site on the growth of sago seedlings (Metroxylon sago Rottb.) in Papua
Authors: Soplanit A , Rumbarar M K , Beding P
Published: December 2021

This study aims to obtain sucker weight and appropriate seedling site as a source of sago seeds by using seedling techniques in polybags to improve seed quality on sago cultivation. The experiment used a factorial design arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. Factor A, namely sucker weight, consisted of <999 g, 1000-1499 g, 1500-1999 g and > 2000 g. Factor B is the seedling site, consisting of laying seeds in the field, greenhouse and paranet of 60%. The results of the study showed that there was no interaction between the sucker weight combined with the seedling site, but the sucker weight had a significant effect on the number of rachis and the number of primary roots per plant and the percentage of life seedlings. Higher rachis growth was 3.8 obtained from medium-sized sucker weights (1000-1499 g and 1500-1999 g) and the highest number of primary roots was 41.3. It is obtained at sucker weights of 1000-1499 g. Meanwhile, the higher percentage of seedling survival was obtained at medium to large sucker weights of 66.3-71.0%. Thus, multiplication of sago seeds using medium-sized sucker on polybag media is highly suggested.
Effect of cooking oil on the characteristics and shelf life of shredded catfish (Clarias sp)
Authors: Suryanti S , Suryaningrun T D , Ikasari D
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this research is to identify the characteristics of shredded catfish (Clarias sp) processed with and without cooking oil and determine the shelf life by using the Arrhenius method. The shredded catfish was made by filleting the fish and soaking in a 2% vinegar solution for 10 minutes, and boiling the fillets for 15 minutes in a 2% salt solution mixed with 2% bay leaves and 2% lemongrass with the ratio of fillet: solution (1:2 (w/v)). The cooked fillets were then pressed, shredded into small pieces, and added with spices (2% red onion, 3% garlic, 15% granulated sugar, 1% coriander, 1% galangal, and 0.5% flavoring powder) and 20% coconut milk, then cooked until it dried. The shredded catfish was observed for its proximate values, while the shelf life was determined using the acceleration method (Arrhenius) at three different storage temperatures and day of observation, i.e. at 25°C was for 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 days; at 35°C was for 0, 7, 14, 21, 28 days and at 45°C was for 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 days. The parameters of observation for shredded catfish’s shelf life were peroxide value, Aw, total plate count (TPC), and sensory test (hedonic). The result of proximate value showed that the protein content of shredded catfish with oil was lower than without oil, while moisture content was higher for treatment using oil. The shelf life of shredded catfish with cooking oil was shorter than without cooking oil, estimated for 83 days at 25°C, 55 days at 35°C, 47 days at 45°C, compared to 155 days at 25°C, 103 days at 35°C, and 62 days at 45°C, respectively. This was supported by the panelist’s preferences for shredded catfish without oil at the end of the observation. These results indicate that the use of cooking oil during the cooking process of shredded catfish greatly affects the product’s shelf life.
Microplastic Observations in the Waters of Labuan Bajo-Gili Trawangan, Indonesia
Authors: Kisnarti Engki A , Ningsih Nining Sari , Putri Mutiara R , Hendriati Nani , Box Carolyn
Published: December 2021

These microplastics can be found near sources of waste or have spread to waters near remote islands, in fragment, fiber, film, or styrofoam. The 5Gyres Expedition 2018, using KLM Sea Safari VII, sailed along Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, on 21-29 July 2018. One of the objectives of this expedition was to collect data on the abundance of microplastic marine debris (< 5 mm in size) from Labuan waters. Bajo to Lombok, which has not been recorded until now. Seawater samples were taken at the surface at 12 different locations during the expedition. The process of separating microplastics in seawater samples was carried out in the laboratory. Identifying the shape and total concentration of microplastics (microplastic particles per liter) was carried out using a microscope. As a result, microplastics were found in all seawater samples in the form of fibers and fragments. Microplastics in fiber were found in all locations (12 locations), while fragments were only found in 6 areas. In the waters near Labuan Bajo, East Nusa Tenggara, microplastic marine debris in fiber was found, as much as ten particles/liter. Meanwhile, 27 particles/liter in fragments were found near Gili Banta Island, West Nusa Tenggara. Currents around the area are thought to have contributed to the spread of microplastics.
The balance of nitrogen forms and number of microorganisms of the nitrogen cycle in vermicomposts based on leaf litter and cow manure
Authors: Kurovsky A , Kornievskaya E , Gummer Ya , Babenko A , Saratchandra Babu M
Published: December 2021

The processes of nitrogen transformation in the vermiculture system by Eisenia fetida using cow manure and leaf litter (poplar with small birch addition) have been investigated. Vermicomposting was carried out for five months in half-cubic meter wooden containers. The Kjeldahl method and potentiometry determined the total nitrogen, NH4
+ and NO3- content in vermicompost. The total nitrogen content in cow manure was 1.83%, in leaf litter - 0.73%. The nitrate and ammonium content in non-composted leaf litter was 351 and 7.3 mEq/kg of dry matter, respectively. The nitrate and ammonium content in non-composted cow manure was 18.2 and 22 mEq/kg, respectively. Both investigated substrates of vermicomposting did not influence total nitrogen content. In cow manure-based vermicomposting system, the ammonium amount decreased by 5.3 times, while the concentration of nitrates increased by 6.5 times. In the leaf litter-based vermicomposting system, the ammonium amount increased by 2.9 times, and the amount of the nitrate increased by 1.6 times. The Azotobacter bacteria actual activity in both vermicomposts was close to 100%. The sum of nitrogen cycle microorganisms in manure vermicompost was 2.4 times higher than in leaf litter vermicompost.
Microclonal reproduction of common aspen (Populus tremula L.) genotypes in the Republic of Tatarstan
Authors: Petrova G A , Yatmanova N M , Mukhametshina A R , Musin H G , Akhmetov A Y
Published: December 2021

The research presents the results of an experiment on propagation of core rot-resistant aspen clones (Populus tremula L.) of diploid and triploid genotypes using microclonal propagation method and their introduction into forestry production in the Republic of Tatarstan. The expediency of using this method in the conditions of the Republic for obtaining healthy aspen planting material is proved, and the prospects of reproduction of clone No.35 with a triploid genotype are shown. The reliable difference of test tube regenerating plants of triploid forms in the height of the shoot and in the development of root systems is proved
Agricultural development as a factor in ensuring import substitution and strengthening the country’s food security
Authors: Zotikov N , Savderova A , Lyubovtseva E
Published: December 2021

The issue of the need to develop agriculture and import substitution has become particularly relevant after the beginning of mass imposing economic sanctions by the West against Russia, as well as a result of oil prices downturn and shortfall of budget revenues from the sale of energy sources. The policy of import substitution affects the areas of the agro-industrial complex to varying degrees. First of all, these measures affect all areas of agricultural production - crop production, animal husbandry and fisheries. In addition, they apply to the final products of the agro-industrial complex, that is, they regulate the food industry, thus affecting the issue of the country’s food security. The purpose of the study is to identify problems in the development of the country’s agriculture based on the study of Russian and international experience, to consider them in a complex, as well as to assess the impact of the import substitution policy on the development of the industry, to propose measures for the further development of the agro-industrial sector aimed at strengthening the country’s food security.
Effect of irradiation on the growth and rooting of a climbing rose in vitro
Authors: Kondrateva N , Bolshin R , Krasnolutskaya M , Baturin A , Baturina K , Kirillin N , Ovchucova S , Dukhtanova N , Zaitsev P , Somova E , Markova M
Published: December 2021

The article presents the influence of pulsed and continuous irradiation (400…780 nm) on in vitro growth of the climbing rose variety “Camelot” at the illumination of 80±5 mmol/(m2s), temperature - 24±10C, and the relative air humidity - 73±2%. It was found that the experimental led light (LED) pulsed phytoirradiator contributed to a significant increase in the leaf surface area during cultivation of climbing rose microstems in Gamborg’s nutrient medium, the average growth was 2.94 mm2 compared to 2.80 mm2 in the control. Pulse irradiation increases the reproducibility of climbing roses by 1.7 times, and also increases the rooting rate up to 96% compared to 82% in the control. Experimental LED phytoirradiator of continuous irradiation promoted an increase in the leaf surface area growth at the level of the control luminescent phytoirradiator, but also provided a significant increase in the reproduction factor and rooting rate of rose microstems. In the pulsed mode, phytoinstallations consume only 50% of the electricity compared to the continuous irradiation mode.
Changes in the biochemical components of mandarin fruits after pest control in the Republic of Abkhazia
Authors: Ayba L , Kulava L , Karpun N , Konnov N , Belous O , Filippova S
Published: December 2021

The study assessing biochemical components (sugars and organic acids) in mandarin fruits after pest control was carried out in matured plantings of cv. Unshiu mandarin in the Republic of Abkhazia in 2019-2020. The treated fruits contained a greater amount of soluble carbohydrates than the fruits in control. The predominant form of monosaccharides is fructose (17.78-17.85 g/l, with 11.89 g/l in the control) in the fruits from the standard treatment and in variant 6 (with a combination of Metamax, Vermitek and Karate Zeon), which is preferable, since it has the greatest sweetness (173 units), providing a sweeter taste of the fruit. According to the content of organic acids, variants 6 and 8 (four treatments with Diatomite, 6%) were distinguished, the content of citric acid on which was 11.86-11.3 mg/l. A more balanced taste of the fruit was in variants 6, 7 (four treatments with Diatomite, 3%) and 8 (sugar-acid index from 7.7 to 7.9 units). Taking into account the content of basic acids and sugars in mandarin fruits, it is possible to predict the impact of insecticides and their combinations on their basic taste properties.
Genetic factor affecting the milk production of mares
Authors: Chirgin E D , Semenov V G , Mokretsova A S , Balitskaya D S , Ustinova E I , Davydova T L , Vdovin A A , Vasilyeva A V , Palagina U D
Published: December 2021

The article presents the results of studies to establish the influence of the record productivity of mothers’ mares on milk yield and the duration of productive life of mares-daughters of the Lithuanian heavy draft breed. It was found that the high level of milk productivity of mothers during the period of highest lactation (up to 4000 kg of milk) enabled their daughters to become leaders already during the first lactation. With an increase in the record milk yields per lactation in mothers, the heritability coefficient in mother-daughter pairs decreased and turned into negative values. The daughters of mares with record milk yields of up to 8000 are the most dairy among their contemporaries. The research results indicate that intensive milk production of mares during the first lactation can cause a reduction in the terms of their economic use due to the large loads on the developing fragile animal organism. The highest rates of productive life, number of lactations and life-long milk yield were obtained from daughters whose mothers had record milk yields per lactation from 7000 kg to 8000 kg of milk.
Immunocorregating properties of propolis and their composite forms
Authors: Ilyasova Z Z , Mannapova R T , Mudarisov R M , Semenov V G , Khakimov I N , Kulmakova N I , Nikitin D A , Simurzina E P
Published: December 2021

Gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases of young farm animals account for the largest percentage of all diseases. Currently, vaccines have been developed and successfully used for the specific prevention of diseases of infectious etiology, but it is not always possible to develop immunity of sufficient intensity, since vaccination without immunostimulation does not contribute to sufficient antibody formation. One of the important tasks of practical veterinary medicine was to find environmentally safe immunocorregulating substances that do not have a suppressive effect on the body. It was established that the drug ferran activated hematopoietic reactions of the body. Ferran in combination with enterozyme restores immunopoiesis and erythropoiesis to the indicators of physiological norms. The combined use of enterozyme with propolis hasda high immunostimulating effect, enhanced the productive phase of the immune response, removed the suppressive effect of the vaccine and increased the factors of natural and colonization resistance of the intestine.