bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Errores de prescripción de drogas endovenosas en una unidad de cuidados neonatales de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires
Authors: Serra Vera Vanina , Pena Fabiana , Ossorio María Fabiana , Pedicone Carlos , Armadans Marcelo
Published: September 2024

Background: Although error could be present in almost every medical practice, they are more frequent and potentially more dangerous in neonatal intensive care units (NICU). Objective: To determine prescription error rate of intravenous drugs in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), and to describe type of error (dose, dilution, and interval) and medication (antibiotics, inotropics, or analgesics).Methods: Observational study including medical records of patients hospitalized in a NICU, receiving any of the above mentioned drugs. Each prescription was compared with one provided by a specific software. Prescription error was defined as >10% of difference between both values.Results: 362 prescriptions from 82 patients were analyzed. An error was observed in 42.5% (95%CI 37.4 – 47.8) of all prescriptions, including 148 (96.1%; 95%CI: 91.3-98.4) antibiotics prescriptions, 5 (3.2%; 95%CI: 1.2-7.7) inotropics prescriptions and 1 (0.7%; 95%CI: 0.01-4.2) analgesics prescriptions. Prescription errors were due to frequency error in 53.8% 95%CI: 45.6-61.8 of cases and to volume error in 46.1% (95%CI: 38.1-54.3). Conclusion: Almost half of the intravenous drugs prescriptions included an error, being more frequently related to interval, followed by dosing; no errors in dilution were detected. Using prescription software could improve patient’s safety.
Modelos predictivos para enfermedades complejas
Authors: Brunotto Mabel , Zarate Ana María
Published: September 2024

The Non Communicable Complex Disease (NCCD) are the leading causes of death in the world, causing more deaths each year than all other combined causes. The approximately 80% of deaths were caused by NCCD and occured in low and middle income countries. However, NCCD deaths could be avoided by prevention programs and early diagnosis. The challenge of the multifactorial phenotypes is to achieve a valid strategy for identifying risk individuals at the population. These strategies may be addressed to screening population or generating causal predictive models for early detection, interpreting the root causes that create the condition. The aim of this paper is to describe the characteristic of complex chronic diseases and some of the current methods of study of these in the health area . Conclusions: Interdisciplinary work, a team of health professionals belonging to different areas allows for an adequate management of complex diseases. The application of graph models, such asDAG’s, is a valuable tool for a better adjustment of the statistical model, which allows an appropriate correspondence with the actual health model of these illnesses. And the best methodological strategy for complex diseases is the early diagnosis and the monitoring of risk groups and therapy monitoring of patients diagnosed.
Neumonía eosinofílica crónica. informe de caso
Authors: Vivero Florencia , Ciocchini Cleto , Gandini María J. , Wehbe Luis
Published: September 2024

Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia. The chronic eosinophilic pneumonia is part of Pulmonary Eosinophilic Syndroms. It is presented a 33-years old man, Asmathic, with dry cough, fever, night sweats and fatigue of several weeks. The chest X-ray showed opacity in the right hemithorax. He was treated with antibiotics without response. A chest TC showed multifocal involvement. The patient refused bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) so treatment antituberculostatic was started. Despite treatment the symptoms worsened. The Chest X-ray showed migration of the infiltrates and the blood smear marked eosinophilia. Finally, bronchoalveolar lavage was carried out and it showed a high percentage of eosinophils (over 50%). The patient was treated with inmmunosuppresive doses of corticosteroids with excellent response. The blood smear in Nonresolving pneumonia is key to consider eosinophilic pneumonia, an uncommon pathology but amenable to treatment.
Meningitis criptococcica como forma de presentacion de lupus eritematoso sistémico
Authors: Subils Gisela C. , Maldonado Franco S.
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Infection is one of the most frequent etiology of morbidity and mortality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Cryptococcal meningitis is a recognized complication of SLE with high mortality rates in those treated with immunosuppressive agents. We describe a patient with cryptoccoccal meningitis and SLE. This case suggests that intrinsic immunological abnormality related to SLE predisposed to opportunistic infections. Clinical case: A 25 years old woman was admitted because of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease. She had ascitis and abdominal pain and neurological examination was normal.. Laboratory findings showed mild anemia, leukocytes: 6350/mm3 . Total lymphocytes: 508/mm3 (CD4 +: 75 cel/mm3). Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR): 40mm/h, Coombs test (+). Abdominal CT scan showed ascites and pleural bilateral effusion. Two days after her admission, VDRL test was positive ( 1/64). Lumbar puncture was done and the r cerebrospinal fluid showed: normal glucose and protein level with normal cells. Fungi elements were found and Cryptococcus neoformans were identified. She received Anfotericin B treatment. HIV and TPHA test were negative. Antinuclear and anti-ds-DNA were positive in high levels and low levels of complement were found. Methylprednisolone pulses were s administered intravenously for three days. Cerebrospinal fluid was normal after 10 weeks of antifungical treatment.
Acta Fundacional de la Psiquiatría Chilena "La endemoniada de Santiago"
Authors: Broschi Marcos
Published: September 2024

Análisis y crítica del relato escrito originalmente por el presbítero José Raimundo Zisternas. Santiago de Chile. Año 1857. Redición, prefacio y postfacio de Patricio Jara.
Miopatías inflamatorias idiopática: su asociación a hepatopatías
Authors: Schneeberger EE , Arriola MS , Fainboim H , Schroder Teresa , González J. , Baiges D. , Luque M. , Maldonado Cocco JA. , Citera G.
Published: September 2024

The aspartate aminotransferase (SGOT) and alanine aminotransferase (SGPT) are sensitive indicators of liver damage. While the TSGOT is also found in other organs, the SGPT is considered an enzyme specific liver. However, some authors state that the TGP can rise also in cases of muscle injury. Furthermore, there are reports in the literature suggesting the association of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) with viral hepatitis.Objective: To determine the frequency of abnormal liver function tests in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, evaluate possible associationsto liver diseases, determine its relationship with elevation of muscle enzymes and whether these patients have particular clinical and / or serological characteristics.Material and Methods: Consecutive patients older than 16 years diagnosed with DM / PM according to Bohan and Peter criteria during 1999-2000 were included. Patients with other connective tissue disease (CTD) were excluded. Demographic data were recorded, characteristics of the disease, laboratory data and elevated liver enzymes and muscle during the course of the disease. Serologic tests were performed for viral hepatitis B and C and confirmatory tests (HBV-DNA and HCV-RNA by PCR). Autoantibodies were determined: ANA (antinuclear antibody) by Hep II, ASMA (anti smooth muscle antibody), AMA (anti-mitochondrial antibodies) and LKM (Liver Kidney Microsomal) by mouse wound, MSA (myositis-specific antibodies) by ELISA. Patients who had abnormal liver tests underwent hepatic ultrasonography. For statistical analysis, descriptive statistics, categorical variables were compared by Fisher's exact test.Results: We included 27 patients, of whom 22 had sufficient data for analysis. Mean age 47.95 years ± 16, 18 female (81.8%) and mean disease duration 8.09 ± 5.6 years. With regard to liver enzymes, 14/22 patients (63.3%) had elevated SGPT and 11/22 (50%) elevated SGOT, 10 of these patients also had elevated SGPT concomitantly. In the 10/15 (66.7%) abdominal ultrasonography showed abnormalities, 8 patients had liver hyperechogenicity, 4 cholelithiasis and 1 patient hepatomegaly. No patient bearing of HBV or HCV. The 8 patients with liver hyperechogenicity matched the 8 patients with isolated elevation of SGPT/SGOT. As for the 10 patients who had both elevated liver enzymes (SGPT and SGOT), only one case could be explained by liver disease (patient ASMA +). However in the 15 cases studied, elevations of SGPT and / or SGOT coincided with outbreaks of myositis,findingconcomitant apparent liver disease in only 9 of them. Conclusions: In this study, elevated transaminases, including the TGP, was observed concomitantly with the activity of myositis. Approximately half of these cases could not be associated with coexisting liver disease, which could be attributed to injury to muscle secondary to inflammatory myopathy.
Tratamiento por objetivo en Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico
Authors: Alba Paula , Gobbi C , Babini A M
Published: September 2024

El principio de “Blanco terapéutico” comprende un abordaje indispensable en la prevención de las complicaciones de algunas de las enfermedades más prevalentes como diabetes, hipertensión arterial y enfermedad coronaria. Estas enfermedades conducen a una alta mortalidad y el tratamiento preventivo de las mismas debería ser una prioridad en la salud pública. El concepto de blanco terapéutico está basado en la evidencia exhaustiva demostrada por ensayos clínicos. Numerosos trabajos han probado que el descenso de los valores de tensión arterial por debajo de < 150 /100 mmHg es efectivo en reducir los eventos cardiovasculares en individuos hipertensos1. Por otra parte, el descenso de LDL colesterol con terapia agresiva con estatinas en pacientes con enfermedad coronaria establecida reduce los riesgos de eventos vasculares...
Tumor de Pancoast etapa clínica IIb. A propósito de un caso
Authors: Valdivies Yusbiel José , Sánchez de la Osa Reinaldo Bárbaro , Barrera Jany Ge , Acosta Carlos Enrique
Published: September 2024

ResumenSe presenta el caso de un paciente al cual se le diagnosticó un tumor de Pancoast en el Hospital Neumológico Benéfico Jurídico. Esta enfermedad neoplásica no metastásica es la que más comúnmente compromete el plexo braquial de ahí que deba hacerse el diagnóstico diferencial del hombro doloroso, condición clínica esta con la cual es admitido en nuestro centro. Posteriormente se continuó su estudio y la sospecha clínica fue respaldada por tomografía computarizada y resonancia magnética para posteriormente ser confirmada a través del estudio anatomopatológico. AbstractWe described a patient who was diagnosed with a Pancoast tumor in the Neumológico Benéfico Jurídico Hospital. This neoplastic non metastatic disease more frequently affects the brachial plexus. Therefore, a differential diagnosis of the painful shoulder was carried out and the patient was admitted in our center with the probable Pancoast tumor diagnosis. Subsequently, its study continued and the clinical suspicion was confirmed by a computerized tomography and a magnetic resonance, to be also confirmed later on with an anatomopathological study.
Empleo del examen clínico objetivo estructurado (ECOE) en diversos niveles de educación de la pediatría
Authors: Di laila Sandra , Manjarin Mercedes , Torres Fernando , Ossorio María Fabiana , Wainztein Raquel , Ferrero Fernando
Published: September 2024

RESUMEN Antecedentes:Evaluar competencias profesionales es objetivo principal de todo programa de capacitación; el examen clínico objetivo estructurado (ECOE) es una herramienta útil para explorarlas. Objetivo:Describimos la implementación del ECOE en tres instancias de enseñanza de la pediatría (carrera de especialista, módulo pediatría del internado anual rotatorio, materia pediatría en el grado). Métodos: En relación con situaciones y patologías frecuentes en pediatría, se evaluaron conocimiento aplicado, juicio clínico y habilidad comunicacional. Resultados: En el posgrado el ECOE se aplica desde hace 8 años, examinando 330 alumnos, con 60%-82% de aprobación. En el Internado Anual Rotatorio el ECOE se emplea desde hace 2 años, examinando 12 alumnos, con 84% de aprobación. En el grado el ECOE se empleó sólo en una oportunidad, examinando 15 alumnos, con 93,4% de aprobación. Conclusión:En nuestra experiencia, a pesar de desafíos logísticos, la implementación del ECOE fue factible en distintas instancias de enseñanza de la pediatría.   ABSTRACT Background:To evaluate professional competences is the main goal of every training program; the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) is a useful tool for this task. Objective:We describe OSCE administration across three different levels of pediatric training (postgraduate, internship and graduate medical education). Methods: Regarding the most common pediatric scenarios, knowledge, clinical judgment and communicational skills were evaluated. Results: In the postgraduate setting OSCE was used for the last 8 years, testing 330 students, and passing 60%-82% of them. In the internship setting OSCE was used for the last 2 years, testing 12 students, and passing 84% of them. In the medical school setting OSCE was used just once, testing 15 students, and passing 93.4% of them. Conclusion: Despite logistic issues, OSCE could be administered across three different levels of pediatric training.
Suicide in Latin America: a growing public health issue
Authors: Mascayano Franco , Irrazabal Matias , Emilia Wyatt D , Shah Binoy , Vaner Sidney Jane , Sapag Jaime C , Alvarado Ruben , Yang Lawrence Hsin
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Suicide has become an international public mental health challenge, resulting in a need for interventions to address it as an individual, family, and community levels. The current scope review assessestrends regarding suicide within Latin America and the Caribbean: risk factors, protective factors, and mediators of suicidal ideation and behavior. Body: Our review is split into three sections, as a way of addressing the complex topic of suicide in an organized, comprehensive manner: (i) epidemiology of suicide in Latin America and Caribbean; (ii) factors associated to suicide ideation and attempts; and (iii) cultural factors as a predictors and mediators of suicide. Further, proper evidence about the association between suicide andcultural dimensions such as Familismo, Machismo/Marianismo, Religion and Acculturation is provided. Conclusion: Upon analyzing trends of and factors associated with suicide, we offer recommendations regarding future studies and intervention programs. We conclude that interventions and research should be based on and in response to cultural values and norms related to suicide within each community, in order to make more culturally-specific programs.ResumenIntroducción: El suicidio se ha convertido en un desafío para la salud pública internacional, resultando en una necesidad por intervenciones que lo aborden desde diferentes niveles: individual, familiar y comunitario. La presente revisión narrativa evalúa las tendencias respecto al suicidio dentro de Latino América y el Caribe: factores de riesgo, factores protectores y mediadores de la ideación y conducta suicida. Desarrollo: nuestra revisión se divide en tres secciones, con el fin de abordar comprensiva y organizadamente este complejo fenómeno: (i) epidemiología del suicidio en Latina América y el Caribe; (ii) factores asociados a la ideación e intentos suicidas; y (iii) factores culturales como predictores y mediadores del suicidio. Adicionalmente, se provee apropiada evidencia respecto a la asociación entre suicidio y dimensiones culturales como el Familismo, el Machismo/Marianismo, la Religion y la Aculturación. Conclusiones: En base a las tendencias analizadas y los factores asociados al suicido, se ofrecen recomendaciones respecto a futuros estudios y programas de intervención. Concluimos que tanto la intervención como el estudio del suicidio debe basarse y estar en respuesta de los valores y normas culturales que se asocian en cada comunidad, en orden de generar programas que estén culturalmente mejor adaptados.
The Latin American treatment and innovation network in mental health h (LATINMH): rationale and scope
Authors: Menezes Paulo R , Araya Ricardo , Miranda Jaime , Mohr David C , Price LeShanwndra N
Published: September 2024

AbstractOver the past 60 years Latin American countries have been experiencing noticeable demographic and socioeconomic changes, with marked impact on the population health in the region. There is growing recognition of the co-morbidity among mental and physical health problems impacting heavily on health care systems.These challenges open many opportunities for transformational change in the expanding field of global mental health. Given the growing evidence for the wide applicability and efficacy of specific components included in mental health treatment packages, research should focus more on improving the organization and efficiency with which we deliver these specific treatment components already proven to be efficacious. The Latin American Treatment and Innovation Network in Mental Health (LATIN-MH) is a research and training Hub based in Sao Paulo, Brazil, and Lima, Peru. It aims to address the co-morbidity between physical and mental chronic diseases, exploring the opportunity to use technology to support the treatment of these conditions.LATIN-MH strives to move beyond specific single-disease approaches and research silos, whilst maximizing the opportunities to work collaboratively with various groups in the Latin American region, thus contributingto fostering research and building capacity in mental health research. ResumenLos países latinoamericanos han experimentado un cambio demográfico y socioeconómico notable en los últimos 60 años, los mismos que han tenido un efecto en la salud de las poblaciones de la región. Existe un creciente reconocimiento de la comorbilidad entre los problemas de salud físicos y mentales, que son los que más impactan a los sistemas de salud. Estos desafíos abren las posibilidades de lograr un cambio transformacional en el campo de salud mental global. Dada la amplia evidencia para la aplicabilidad y eficacia de los componentes específicos incluidos en los paquetes de tratamiento de salud mental, la investigación debe enfocarse más en mejorar la organización y eficacia con la cual proveemos estos componentes específicos que han demostrado ser eficaces. El Latin American Treatment and Innovation Network in Mental Health (LATIN-MH) es un nodo de investigación y entrenamiento basado en Sao Paulo, Brasil y Lima, Perú. Su meta es atacar la comorbilidad entre salud física y mental, explorando la oportunidad de usar tecnología para apoyar el tratamiento de estas condiciones. LATIN-MH busca ir más allá de estrategias de enfermedades únicas y silos de investigación, mientras se maximiza las oportunidades de trabajar en colaboración con varios grupos de la región latinoamericana para fomentar la investigación y crear capacidades en salud mental.
Uso de la Intervención Critical Time Intervention en personas con primer episodio de psicosis
Authors: Alvarado Ruben , Shilling Sara , Jorquera María José
Published: September 2024

IntroducciónDiversos trastornos mentales pueden presentarse clínicamente con un episodio psicótico: esquizofrenia y trastornos relacionados, trastornos bipolares, trastornos por uso de sustancias, entre otros. Dentro de este grupo, la esquizofrenia ha sido una de las más estudiadas en su epidemiología, observando una prevalencia de vida cercana al 1%, con importantes variaciones entre los países [1]. El único estudio de prevalencia poblacional de trastornos mentales realizado en Chile, durante la década de los 90’, encontró una prevalencia de vida para psicosis no afectivas de 1,8% y una prevalencia de últimos 12 meses de 0,7% (estimaciones puntuales) [2]. Con estas cifras, podemos suponer que la situación respecto de la prevalencia de este problema en Chile es similar a lo descrito en el resto del mundo o levemente superior...
Riesgo de enfermar y morir de gripe estacional:responsabilidad de los médicos, funcionarios medios masivos de comunicación
Authors: Cuestas Eduardo
Published: September 2024

Hace un tiempo John Allan Paulos definió elanumerismo como “la incapacidad de manejarlos conceptos fundamentales de número y probabilidad”y planteó su enorme preocupaciónporque este problema era inesperadamentefrecuente incluso en aquellas personas con unalto nivel instrucción. Esta aseveración llevó aKronlund y Phillps a investigar los conocimientosde los médicos para comprender y comunicarlos riesgos de morir y enfermar y se encontraroncon que el 27% de los facultativos investigadosrespondió correctamente, pero lo que más losasombró, fue que sólo el 21% reconoció su ignoranciasobre el asunto.Esta incapacidad puede explicarse en parte porciertos mecanismos de defensa psicológicos,principalmente la negación, ante la enorme cargade ansiedad que produce la incertidumbre.
Cambios en la conceptualización de la conducta suicida a lo largo de la historia: desde la antigüedad hasta el DSM-5
Authors: Daray Federico Manuel , Grendas Leandro , Rebok Federico
Published: September 2024

El suicidio es una conducta universal y específica del hombre que ha estado presente a lo largo de toda la historia de la humanidad. Sin embargo, a través de las épocas han variado las consideraciones sociales que se han tenido acerca del mismo: la aceptación o el castigo. Estos cambios dependieron fundamentalmente de la influencia de distintos factores culturales. En el presente artículo, se realiza una revisión sobre como los paradigmas imperantes en cada época produjeron cambios en la conceptualización del suicidio.
Comunicación en medicina: una nueva y necesaria alternativa curricular
Authors: Halac Eduardo
Published: September 2024

Antecedentes. La educación médica debe poner énfasis en el arte de la comunicación en todos sus espectros, pero especialmente en el grado.Objetivos. Presentar un esquema de enseñanza y aprendizaje de la comunicación en medicina.Métodos. Revisión bibliográfica.Resultados. Se presenta un esquema de enseñanza y practica de la comunicación en grado y posgrado.Conclusión. La comunicación médica ocupa un breve espacio curricular. El mismo debe ser ampliado a fin de centralizar el papel de la misma.
Los protocolos en la evolución humana y la realidad en Medicina
Authors: Chamale Oscar Elias
Published: September 2024

Protocolizar el enfoque de las enfermedades respiratorias, protocolizar el manejo de la angina de pecho, protocolizar el manejo de la solicitud de métodos complementarios, protocolizar la atención al cliente del test drive en la concesionaria de autos, protocolizar el lanzamiento de misiles, protocolizar el proceso de despegue y aterrizaje de la aeronave, protocolizar, protocolizar y protocolizar...
Seguridad de las estatinas
Authors: Oscanoa Espinoza Teodoro Julio , Paredes-Pérez Napoleón , Lizaroso-Soto Frank
Published: September 2024

El descubrimiento de las estatinas marco un hito en la prevención primaria y secundaria de las enfermedades cardiovasculares, donde el colesterol tiene un rol fisiopatológico central.  Progresivamente han ingresado nuevas estatinas, siendo 7 las actualmente vigentes, que según últimos estudios metaanalíticos no revelan diferencias significativas en su efectividad medida por resultados de morbimortalidad cardiovascular. Por lo tanto, en la selección de una determinada estatina, podría ser de gran importancia los aspectos de seguridad y costos. Las dos reacciones adversas de mayor interés de las estatinas son la rabdomiolisis y el riesgo de diabetes mellitus tipo 2; la primera, es una reacción adversa que apareció casi desde el nacimiento de estos fármacos y significó el retiro de cerivastatina;  mientras que la segunda, es una revelación reciente. Resulta de sumo interés el hecho que son significativas las diferencias entre las diferentes estatinas, en relación con las dos reacciones adversas señaladas.
Bursitis Iliopectínea
Authors: Orozco Merino Maira Johanna , Lasca Luis
Published: September 2024

La bursitis iliopectínea corresponde a la acumulación de líquido sinovial en la bursa iliopectínea. Puede desarrollarse debido a un desgaste excesivo de la articulación, como ocurre en deportistas; o a procesos patológicos de la cadera. Debido a su localización y presentación clínica, posee variados diagnósticos diferenciales. Para su diagnóstico es necesario la asociación de la clínica y los resultados de estudios por imágenes.
Ruxolitinib Has a Protective Effect on Ovarian and Endometrial Tissues in Diabetic Rats via STAT3 Pathway
Authors: Özdemir Savaş , Şahin Fatih , Erbaş Oytun
Published: September 2024

Background: Hyperglycemia is associated with ovarian dysfunction. Advanced glycation end products (AGE) may affect ovarian function by binding to particular AGE receptors (RAGE). Hematopoiesis and immunological conditioning are both controlled by the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway. Many JAK-STAT signaling inhibitors, including ruxolitinib, have been approved to treat inflammatory disorders. We aimed to examine the potential protective effect of ruxolitinib, on ovarian dysfunction by comparing biochemical, pro-inflammatory, and histological abnormalities in a diabetic rat model. Methods: 24 female Wistar albino rats were included in the study. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (STZ) in 16 rats. Group 1: control (no diabetes mellitus, n = 8), Group 2 (diabetic = 8, 1 mL/kg/day saline, 4 weeks), and Group 3 (diabetic, n = 8, 2 mg/kg/day ruxolitinib, 4 weeks). The animals were euthanized, and bilateral hysterectomy and ovariectomy were performed for histopathological examination. The levels of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in tissue supernatants were measured. Results: Endometrial gland, ovarian stromal, and ovarian follicle degeneration scores were higher in group 2 compared with group 3 at p < 0.001, whereas ovarian STAT3 level was significantly higher in group 2 compared with group 3 at p < 0.001. Conclusions: Ruxolitinib can be a promising candidate for providing endometrial and ovarian structure continuity by JAK-STAT inhibition in diabetes.
Association between ABCB1 Gene Polymorphisms and Labor Analgesia in Primiparas
Authors: Li Wei , Xiao Tianke , Wu Xuehui , Wu Xinyu , Xiang Rui , Liu Haifeng , Wang Jingyi
Published: September 2024

Background: The present study aimed to explore the association of ATP-binding cassette B1 (ABCB1)/multiple drug resistance 1 (MDR1) gene polymorphisms (rs1128503 and rs1045642) with labor analgesia in primiparas. Methods: The cohort comprised 239 primiparas who received epidural analgesia (0.5 μg/L sufentanil + 0.1% ropivacaine). Visual analog scale (VAS) scores were recorded at 0, 1, and 2 h, respectively, after epidural analgesia. The outcomes (VAS score and adverse reactions) of labor analgesia among patients carrying different genotypes of ABCB1 gene polymorphisms were compared using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) or chi-square test. ABCB1 polymorphisms were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The correlation between ABCB1 gene polymorphisms and labor analgesia outcomes (including VAS score and adverse reactions) was evaluated using logistic regression analysis. Results: Genotype distributions of rs1128503 and rs1045642 polymorphisms were detected using Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) test. Age, body mass index, and gestational age did not differ significantly between genotypes of rs1128503 and rs1045642 polymorphisms. A higher 2 h-VAS score was observed in the rs1045642 TT genotype than in the rs1045642 CC and CT genotypes, while abnormal fetal heart rate (FHR) monitoring and 1 min Apgar scores were frequently discovered in patients with the rs1128503 TT genotype (p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis suggested that 2 h-VAS score (p = 0.025, odds ratio (OR) = 0.497, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.270–0.915), nausea (p = 0.042, OR = 0.188, 95% CI = 0.038–0.940) and Apgar score at 1 min (p = 0.026, OR = 1.774, 95% CI = 1.069–2.942) were distinctly correlated with the rs1128503 TC + CC genotypes. VAS 2 h score (p = 0.000, OR = 3.673, 95% CI = 1.900–7.101) was positively related to the rs1045642 CT + TT genotypes. Conclusions: ABCB1 gene rs1128503 and rs1045642 polymorphisms were significantly correlated with the analgesic effect and adverse reactions of labor analgesia in primiparas.
Quercetin, the Potential Powerful Flavonoid for Human and Food: A Review
Authors: Baqer Safa Hussein , Al-Shawi Sarmad Ghazi , Al-Younis Zena Kadhim
Published: September 2024

Flavonoids occur naturally in different types of fruits and vegetables, including tea, cabbage, cauliflower, elderberries, cranberries, red apples, lettuce, pears, spinach, green hot peppers, white and red onions, kale, blueberries, and nuts. Among these flavonoids is quercetin, a potent natural antioxidant and cytotoxic substance with a number of therapeutic functions. Nowadays, quercetin is a common ingredient in many nutraceutical and cosmeceutical products due to its antioxidant properties. Its antibacterial effects and possible action mechanisms have been explored in many studies. From these, it has been established that quercetin stops the activity of numerous Gram-negative and -positive bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This review clarifies the plant sources and extraction methods of quercetin, as well as its medicinal applications as an antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and antioxidant agent, with a particular emphasis on the underlying mechanisms of its biological activity. The mechanism of its antimicrobial effect involves damaging the cell membrane—e.g., by changing its permeability, preventing biofilm formation, reducing the mitochondrial expression of virulence factors, and inhibiting protein and nucleic-acid synthesis. Moreover, quercetin has been shown to impede the activity of a variety of drug-resistant bacterial strains, pointing to the possibility of using it as a strong antimicrobial substance against such strains. In addition, it has occasionally been demonstrated that specific structural alterations to quercetin can increase its antibacterial action in comparison to the parent molecule. Overall, this review synthesizes our understanding of the mode of action of quercetin and its prospects for use as a therapeutic material.
SGO2 as a Prognostic Biomarker Correlated with Cell Proliferation, Migration, Invasion, and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Chen Yinghua , Xiang Tingxiu
Published: September 2024

Background: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the predominant histological subtype among non-small cell lung cancer cases, representing approximately 40% of all cases. Shugoshin 2 (SGO2) is implicated in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. This study aimed to uncover a potential role of SGO2 in the LUAD. Methods: Data related to gene mRNA expression and clinical information were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), The Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx), and the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) databases. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), Transwell, scratch assay, and flow cytometry were applied to investigate the biological functions of SGO2 in the LUAD. Western blot was conducted to detect the protein expression. Results: Through pan-cancer analysis, SGO2 was found to be consistently overexpressed in 25 of 33 cancer types, including LUAD. In vitro assays revealed that SGO2 knockdown significantly impeded cell proliferation, cell migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), whereas its overexpression promoted these abilities. Flow cytometry confirmed that SGO2 contributed to cell cycle progression and reduced cell apoptosis. Furthermore, SGO2 facilitated cell proliferation and regulated cell cycle through upregulating recombinant E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1). Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that SGO2 was up-regulated in pan-cancers including LUAD and its high expression was strongly associated with poor overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of patients with LUAD. SGO2 promoted cell proliferation, cell migration, invasion and EMT of A549 cells. Additionally, E2F1 was involved in regulation of cell cycle and cell proliferation mediated by SGO2. This research elucidated the oncogenic significance of SGO2 in LUAD, proposing its potential as a prognostic biomarker and a promising target for therapeutic interventions.
Oxygen, the Paradox of Life and the Eye
Authors: Rusciano Dario , Bagnoli Paola
Published: September 2024

Oxidative stress, caused by the formation of free radicals, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), leads to cell and tissue degradation, contributing to various diseases and aging. While oxygen is essential for aerobic organisms, it inevitably causes oxidative stress. Antioxidants protect against damage from free radicals, and oxidative stress arises when an imbalance occurs between free radical production and antioxidant defenses. However, when investigating whether an excess of antioxidants, almost eliminating oxidative stress, could benefit aging and disease susceptibility, it was observed that a basic level of oxidative stress appears necessary to maintain the correct homeostasis of tissues and organs and life in general. Therefore, this review aimed to compile the most significant and recent papers characterizing and describing the dual role of oxygen as a molecule essential for life and as a precursor of oxidative stress, which can be detrimental to life. We conducted targeted searches in PubMed and Google browsers to gather all relevant papers. We then focused on the eye, an organ particularly vulnerable due to its high metabolic activity combined with direct exposure to light and environmental pollutants, which produces a substantial number of free radicals (mainly ROS). We present a curated selection of relevant literature describing the main ocular pathologies of the posterior and anterior segments of the eye, highlighting oxidative stress as a significant contributing factor. Additionally, we report how endogenous and exogenous antioxidants can mitigate the development and progression of these diseases. Finally, we consider a frequently overlooked aspect: the balance between oxidants and antioxidants in maintaining the homeostatic equilibrium of tissues and organs. It is widely recognized that when oxidants overwhelm antioxidants, oxidative stress occurs, leading to negative consequences for the organism's homeostasis. However, we emphasize that a similarly dangerous situation can arise when the presence of antioxidants overwhelms the production of free radicals, drastically reducing their amount and adversely affecting aging and longevity. Unfortunately, no specific studies have addressed this particular situation in the eye.
Similar Pathophysiological Mechanisms Between Osteoarthritis and Vascular Disease
Authors: Olansen Jon , Aaron Roy K
Published: September 2024

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent, chronic joint disorder affecting millions of people worldwide, characterized by articular cartilage degradation, subchondral bone remodeling, synovial cytokine secretion, and osteophyte formation. OA primarily affects the hips, knees, hands, and spine. Patients with OA exhibit a higher prevalence of cardiovascular comorbidities and potentially important associations between OA and cardiovascular diseases have prompted investigations into potentially similar pathophysiological associations. This review explores the coexistence of atherosclerotic peripheral vascular disease (ASPVD) in OA patients, including evidence from a contemporary study suggesting associations between OA and arterial wall thickness and blood flow changes which are characteristic of early atherosclerosis, and which stimulate reactive pathology in endothelial cells. Observations from this study demonstrate elevated arterial flow volume and increased intima-media thickness in arteries ipsilateral to OA knees, suggesting a potential link between OA and arterial wall disease. We further explore the intricate relationship between the vascular system and skeletal health, highlighting bidirectional interactions among endothelial cells, inflammatory cells, and various bone cells. Mechanical endothelial cell dysfunction is discussed, emphasizing the impact of vessel wall material changes and endothelial cell responses to alterations in fluid shear stress. Inflammatory changes in OA and ASPVD are also explored, showcasing shared pathophysiological processes involving immune cell infiltration and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, the role of hypofibrinolysis in OA and ASPVD is discussed, highlighting similarities in elevations of the hypercoagulative and hypofibrinolytic factor, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1). The review suggests a provocative relationship among low-grade chronic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and hypofibrinolytic states in OA and ASPVD, warranting further investigation. In conclusion, this review provides an exploration of the possible associations between OA and ASPVD. While the ongoing study’s findings and other reports are observational, they suggest shared pathophysiological processes and emphasize the need for further research to elucidate additional potentially correlative linkages between these conditions. Understanding common molecular pathways may pave a way for targeted interventions that address both OA and ASPVD.
USP15-Mediated Deubiquitination of FKBP 5 and Activation of the αIIbβ3 Signaling Pathway Regulate Thrombosis in Mice
Authors: Guo Ziwei , Bao Sixu , Shi Zehui , Li Xuejiao , Li Peijin , Zhong Bin , Zhang Ming , Wu Qiyong
Published: September 2024

Background: Platelets have the hemostatic function, and their aberrant activation is associated with occlusive thrombus formation. Plasma exosomes are rich in platelets containing ubiquitin-specific peptidase 15 (USP15). Herein, we aim to explore the effect of USP15 on thrombosis, as well as expounding whether USP15 acts as an upstream target of FK506 binding protein 5 (FKBP5) to regulate occlusive thrombus formation. Methods: Washed human platelets were treated with thrombin for measurement of USP15 and FKBP5 expressions. USP15 loss/gain-of-function variant in HEK293 cells was performed by cell transfection, and the interaction between USP15 and FKBP5 was examined using immunoprecipitation and ubiquitination assays. Mice with USP15-knockout platelets (Plt USP15-/-) were modeled, and subjected to calculation of bleeding time, artery thrombosis imaging and clot retraction assay. FKBP5 expression and the inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase subunit epsilon (IKBKE)/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Rap1 pathway in wild-type and Plt USP15-/- mice-derived platelets were detected using Western blot. The activation of αIIbβ3 in washed platelets was analyzed using flow cytometry. Results: USP15 and FKBP5 expressions were upregulated in platelets after thrombin treatment. Following transfection of USP15 knockdown and USP15 overexpression plasmids into HEK293 cells, FKBP5 protein expression was downregulated by USP15 knockdown while being upregulated by USP15 overexpression. USP15 bound to FKBP5 and protected FKBP5 against ubiquitination. Knockdown of platelet USP15 prolonged bleeding time, inhibited arterial thrombosis and delayed clot retraction in mice. Knockdown of platelet USP15 also decreased protein expressions of FKBP5, IKBKE and Rap1, p-PI3K/PI3K ratio, and activation of αIIbβ3 in mice. Conclusion: USP15 knockdown in platelets affects thrombosis in mice by promoting the instability of FKBP5 to repress the activation of IKBKE/PI3K/Rap1 pathway-mediated αIIbβ3.
Cathepsin C Promotes Tumorigenesis in Bladder Cancer by Activating the Wnt/β-catenin Signalling Pathway
Authors: Wang Xinsheng , Jia Yong , Wang Dawen
Published: September 2024

Background: Cathepsin C (CTSC) participates in the development of numerous cancers; however, its function in bladder cancer (BCa) remains largely unknown. Methods: Bioinformatics prediction, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay, and Western blot assay were used to determine CTSC expression in BCa tissues, paracancer tissues, BCa cells, and normal uroepithelial cells (SV-HUC-1). Colony formation, cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), and Transwell assays were utilised to ascertain the involvement of CTSC in BCa. The effect of CTSC on BCa was further studied in vivo via animal experiments. Results: CTSC exhibited a heightened expression in BCa cells and tissues; meanwhile, bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA) patients with enhanced CTSC expression had a remarkably reduced overall survival than those with low CTSC expression. The overexpression of CTSC substantially enhanced the activity, proliferation, migration, and invasion of BCa cells, whereas its suppression repressed the above biological phenotypes. CTSC could activate the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway and upregulate diaphanous-related formin 3 (DIAPH3). CTSC overexpression combined with DIAPH3 knockdown partially reversed the impact of CTSC overexpression on the biological behaviour of BCa cells and the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. Conclusions: CTSC was upregulated in tissues and BCa cells, and high CTSC expression was associated with poor overall survival. CTSC could enhance the activity, proliferation, migration, and invasion of BCa cells via upregulating DIAPH3 and activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
The Role of Breastmilk in Macrophage-Tumour Cell Interactions in Postpartum Breast Cancer
Authors: Maleki Reza , Ghith Amna , Heydarlou Hanieh , Grzeskowiak Luke E , Ingman Wendy V
Published: September 2024

Background: Lactation is associated with long-term reduced risk of breast cancer. However, there is a transient increased risk of breast cancer in the 5 to 10 years postpartum and this is associated with a high incidence of metastasis and mortality. Breastmilk is a physiological fluid secreted by the mammary glands intimately connected with breast cells and the microenvironment that may affect postpartum breast cancer development and progression. This study aims to investigate the effect of breastmilk on interactions between breast cancer cells and macrophages in vitro. Methods: Human breastmilk from healthy donors (n = 7) was pooled and incubated with breast cancer (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) and macrophage (RAW264.7) cell lines to assess cell proliferation, viability, migration, and expression of key genes associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and macrophage phenotype. Indirect co-culture studies assessed the effect of breastmilk on interactions between breast cancer cells and macrophages. Results: Breastmilk increased the proliferation and viability of breast cancer cells, reduced EMT markers, and reduced cell migration in MDA-MB-231 cells. Breastmilk decreased mRNA expression of interleukin 1B (IL1B) and interleukin 10 (IL10) in macrophages. Reduced EMT marker expression was observed in breast cancer cells co-cultured with macrophages pre-treated with breastmilk. Macrophages co-cultured with breast cancer cells pre-treated with breastmilk exhibited increased expression of a pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor A (TNFA) and pro-inflammatory nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2), and reduced expression of cytokines IL10 and transforming growth factor B1 (TGFB1) which are associated with the alternatively-activated macrophage phenotype. Conclusions: Breastmilk has the potential to promote breast cancer proliferation, however, it can also reduce breast cancer progression through inhibition of breast cancer cell migration and regulation of macrophage polarisation. These findings suggest that breastmilk has potential to shape the tumour microenvironment in postpartum breast cancer.
Therapeutic Efficacy of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Stem Cell for Alzheimer's Disease: A Meta-Analysis Study
Authors: Deng Huiyin , Zhao Jing , Li Jiuyi , Chen Chunli , Hu Zhiping , Wu Xiaomei , Ge Lite
Published: September 2024

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses a significant public health challenge, increasingly affecting patients' finances, mental health, and functional abilities as the global population ages. Stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (SC-EVs) have emerged as a promising cell-free therapeutic approach for AD, although their precise mechanisms remain unclear. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the effectiveness of SC-EVs in treating AD. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases up to December 31, 2023, identifying studies investigating SC-EVs therapy in AD rodent models. Outcome measures included Morris water maze and Y maze tests, β-amyloid pathology, and inflammatory markers. Statistical analyses utilized Stata 15.1 and R software. Results: This meta-analysis of 16 studies (2017–2023, 314 animals) demonstrates significant efficacy of SC-EVs therapy in AD models. Pooled analyses demonstrated that SC-EVs therapy significantly increased the learning function as measured by Morris water maze tests (MWM) by –1.83 (95% CI = –2.51 to –1.15, p < 0.0001), Y maze test by 1.66 (95% CI = 1.03 to 2.28, p < 0.0001), decreased Aβ plaques in the hippocampal by –2.10 (95% CI = –2.96 to –1.23, p < 0.0001), and proinflammatory cytokines Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) by –2.61 (95% CI = –4.87 to –0.35, p < 0.05), Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) by –2.37 (95% CI = –3.68 to –1.05, p < 0.001). Conclusions: SC-EVs therapy shows promise in enhancing cognitive function and mitigating AD progression in preclinical models. Future research should focus on standardizing methodologies and comparing SC-EVs isolation techniques and dosing strategies to facilitate clinical translation.
Shared and Distinct White Matter Alterations in Major Depression and Bipolar Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Xu Yinghong , Cheng Xiaodong , Li Ying , Shen Hailong , Wan Yu , Ping Liangliang , Yu Hao , Cheng Yuqi , Xu Xiufeng , Cui Jian , Zhou Cong
Published: September 2024

Background: Identifying white matter (WM) microstructural similarities and differences between major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) is an important way to understand the potential neuropathological mechanism in emotional disorders. Numerous diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies over recent decades have confirmed the presence of WM anomalies in these two affective disorders, but the results were inconsistent. This study aimed to determine the statistical consistency of DTI findings for BD and MDD by using the coordinate-based meta-analysis (CBMA) approach. Methods: We performed a systematic search of tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) studies comparing MDD or BD with healthy controls (HC) as of June 30, 2024. The seed-based d-mapping (SDM) was applied to investigate fractional anisotropy (FA) changes. Meta-regression was then used to analyze the potential correlations between demographics and neuroimaging alterations. Results: Regional FA reductions in the body of the corpus callosum (CC) were identified in both of these two diseases. Besides, MDD patients also exhibited decreased FA in the genu and splenium of the CC, as well as the left anterior thalamic projections (ATP), while BD patients showed FA reduction in the left median network, and cingulum in addition to the CC. Conclusions: The results highlighted that altered integrity in the body of CC served as the shared basis of MDD and BD, and distinct microstructural WM abnormalities also existed, which might induce the various clinical manifestations of these two affective disorders. The study was registered on PROSPERO (http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO), registration number: CRD42022301929.