bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neuronal survival factor VGF promotes chemoresistance and predicts poor prognosis in lung cancers with neuroendocrine feature
Authors: Yang Li‐Hao , Lee Richard Kuan‐Lin , Kuo Ming‐Han , Miao Chia‐Cheng , Wang Yuan‐Xin , Chen Alvin , Jhu Yu‐Wei , Cheng Hung‐I , Pan Shien‐Tung , Chou Yu‐Ting
Published: June 2022

High‐grade neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of the lung consist of small‐cell lung cancer (SCLC) and large‐cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC). Both exhibit aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis. The transformation of lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) to SCLC or LCNEC also contributes to acquired resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Despite initially being responsive to chemotherapy, high‐grade NET patients inevitably develop drug resistance; thus, novel therapeutic targets are urgently needed for these patients. Our study reported that VGF (nerve growth factor inducible), a factor mainly expressed in neurons during neural development, is highly expressed in SCLC and LCNEC as well as in a subset of ADCs, whereas targeting VGF attenuates cancer cell growth and tumor formation. High VGF expression was associated with advanced stage SCLC and predicted poor prognosis in lung ADC. In addition, EGFR‐TKI selection enriched VGF expression in TKI‐resistant ADC under epigenetic control. The VGF locus possessed the HDAC1 binding site, and treatment of ADC cells with the HDAC1 inhibitor induced VGF expression. High VGF expression was associated with chemoresistance, and silencing VGF induced BMF and BCL2L11 expression and rendered lung cancer cells sensitive to chemotherapy drugs. These findings suggested the potential of VGF as a prognostic factor and therapeutic target in lung cancers with neuroendocrine feature.
Developing and validating polygenic risk scores for colorectal cancer risk prediction in East Asians
Authors: Ping Jie , Yang Yaohua , Wen Wanqing , Kweon Sun‐Seog , Matsuda Koichi , Jia Wei‐Hua , Shin Aesun , Gao Yu‐Tang , Matsuo Keitaro , Kim Jeongseon , Kim Dong‐Hyun , Jee Sun Ha , Cai Qiuyin , Chen Zhishan , Tao Ran , Shin Min‐Ho , Tanikawa Chizu , Pan Zhi‐Zhong , Oh Jae Hwan , Oze Isao , Ahn Yoon‐Ok , Jung Keum Ji , Ren Zefang , Shu Xiao‐Ou , Long Jirong , Zheng Wei
Published: June 2022

Several polygenic risk scores (PRSs) have been developed to predict the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) in European descendants. We used genome‐wide association study (GWAS) data from 22 702 cases and 212 486 controls of Asian ancestry to develop PRSs and validated them in two case‐control studies (1454 Korean and 1736 Chinese). Eleven PRSs were derived using three approaches: GWAS‐identified CRC risk SNPs, CRC risk variants identified through fine‐mapping of known risk loci and genome‐wide risk prediction algorithms. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and area under the curve (AUC). PRS115‐EAS, a PRS with 115 GWAS‐reported risk variants derived from East‐Asian data, validated significantly better than PRS115‐EUR derived from European descendants. In the Korea validation set, OR per SD increase of PRS115‐EAS was 1.63 (95% CI = 1.46‐1.82; AUC = 0.63), compared with OR of 1.44 (95% CI = 1.29‐1.60, AUC = 0.60) for PRS115‐EUR. PRS115‐EAS/EUR derived using meta‐analysis results of both populations slightly improved the AUC to 0.64. Similar but weaker associations were found in the China validation set. Individuals among the highest 5% of PRS115‐EAS/EUR have a 2.52‐fold elevated CRC risk compared with the medium (41‐60th) risk group and have a 12% to 20% risk of developing CRC by age 85. PRSs constructed using results from fine‐mapping and genome‐wide algorithms did not perform as well as PRS115‐EAS and PRS115‐EAS/EUR in risk prediction, possibly due to a small sample size. Our results indicate that CRC PRSs are promising in predicting CRC risk in East Asians and highlights the importance of using population‐specific data to build CRC risk prediction models.
Stock markets response to contagious disease: Evidence on the impact of COVID‐19 in the three worst hit African economies
Authors: Kumeka Terver , Adeniyi Oluwatosin
Published: June 2022

This study analyses whether Coronavirus health shocks and government responses in terms of lockdown policy and stringency measures impact stock markets in Africa. We found that stock markets appeared to be more negatively responsive to growth in total number of COVID‐19 reported cases than the growth in deaths in the case of Nigeria and South Africa. While for Egypt, the stock market reacted significantly negative to both COVID‐19‐related indicators. Our results further show that government stringency policy has significant negative effect on stock market returns in the case of Nigeria and South Africa, but positive in the case of Egypt.
Description and evaluation of a function‐informed and mechanisms‐based framework for treating challenging behavior
Authors: Lambert Joseph M. , Copeland Bailey A. , Paranczak Jessica L. , Macdonald M. Janey , Torelli Jessica N. , Houchins‐Juarez Nealetta J.
Published: June 2022

Individualization and iterative design are essential components of the assessment and treatment of challenging behavior. Currently, there are few validated frameworks for engaging in iterative processes. Due to the nature of single‐case design, empirically rigorous evaluations of decision‐tree processes are particularly prohibitive. Notwithstanding, evaluations are needed. In this paper we first describe a function‐informed and mechanisms‐based (FIMB) framework for selecting treatment components employed by a university‐based practicum experience designed to expose pre‐service practitioners to a valid treatment process for challenging behavior. Then, we share a completed retrospective consecutive case series across a 6‐year period in which we conducted a technique analysis to identify which procedures were most commonly selected in the practicum, and the impact of those choices on client outcomes. The results suggest that the model can be highly effective for some, but not all, cases. Implications are discussed.
Recent advances and challenges in graphene‐based nanocomposite scaffolds for tissue engineering application
Authors: Niknam Zahra , Hosseinzadeh Faezeh , Shams Forough , Fath‐Bayati Leyla , Nuoroozi Ghader , Mohammadi Amirabad Leila , Mohebichamkhorami Fariba , Khakpour Naeimi Sahar , Ghafouri‐Fard Soudeh , Zali Hakimeh , Tayebi Lobat , Rasmi Yousef
Published: June 2022

Graphene‐based nanocomposites have recently attracted increasing attention in tissue engineering because of their extraordinary features. These biocompatible substances, in the presence of an apt microenvironment, can stimulate and sustain the growth and differentiation of stem cells into different lineages. This review discusses the characteristics of graphene and its derivatives, such as their excellent electrical signal transduction, carrier mobility, outstanding mechanical strength with improving surface characteristics, self‐lubrication, antiwear properties, enormous specific surface area, and ease of functional group modification. Moreover, safety issues in the application of graphene and its derivatives in terms of biocompatibility, toxicity, and interaction with immune cells are discussed. We also describe the applicability of graphene‐based nanocomposites in tissue healing and organ regeneration, particularly in the bone, cartilage, teeth, neurons, heart, skeletal muscle, and skin. The impacts of special textural and structural characteristics of graphene‐based nanomaterials on the regeneration of various tissues are highlighted. Finally, the present review gives some hints on future research for the transformation of these exciting materials in clinical studies.
Lotus leaves‐derived MnOx/biochar as an efficient catalyst for low‐temperature NH3‐SCR removal of NOx: effects of modification methods of biochar
Authors: Jia Xuehui , Peng Ruosi , Huang Huajun , Dan Junhui , Lu Meijuan , Zhang Dongliang , Wang Jiaying , Li Danping , Fang Hansun , Yu Chenglong
Published: June 2022

In this reported work, lotus leaves‐derived biochar (LBC) was modified using various chemical methods. LBC prepared by different modification methods was used as the carrier for the development of low‐temperature selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalysts. A comparative study of low‐temperature SCR manganese catalysts based on LBC chemically modified using NaOH, HNO3 and hexadecylcetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) was performed, revealing different deNOx performance of these catalysts. For the supported catalysts, the 25%Mn/LBC‐OH catalyst appeared to be optimum since it exhibited over 95% NOx conversion at 225 °C with a space velocity of 37 500 h−1. The microstructure, phase composition, redox properties and surface acidity were determined using field emission scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area, X‐ray diffraction, H2‐temperature‐programmed reduction, NH3‐temperature‐programmed desorption, and so forth. The results showed that the excellent SCR performance of 25%Mn/LBC‐OH was closely related to its abundant high valence Mn, suitable surface acidity and high redox capability. More importantly, highly dispersed MnOx easily formed on the surface of the LBC‐OH support, which was the key factor in the excellent catalytic activity of 25%Mn/LBC‐OH catalyst. Furthermore, the highly dispersed 25%Mn/LBC‐OH catalyst also exhibited improved tolerance to SO2 and H2O, making this catalyst a good candidate for reducing the NOx emission from coal‐fired power plants. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
68Ga‐nitroimidazole PET/CT imaging of hypoxia in tuberculosis: A case series
Authors: Bresser Philippa L , Reed Janet , Sathekge Mike M , Vorster Mariza
Published: June 2022

Tuberculosis (TB) lesions in humans have been proven to be severely hypoxic with hypoxia leading to latency and dormancy of disease. Dormant TB lesions become less susceptible to standard TB treatment regimens with varying responses to treatment but may have increased susceptibility to nitroimidazole drugs. This in turn implies that positron emission tomography / computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging with radiolabelled nitroimidazoles may identify patients who will benefit from treatment with antimicrobial agents that are active against anaerobic bacteria. This case series aims to highlight the hypoxic uptake and retention of a novel 68Ga‐labelled hypoxia‐seeking agent in TB lesions at different time points during anti‐TB therapy using PET/CT imaging. Patients with confirmed TB underwent whole‐body PET/CT after administration of a 68Ga‐nitroimidazole derivative at baseline and follow‐up. Images were analysed both qualitatively and semi‐quantitatively. Hypoxic uptake and change in uptake over time were analysed using lesion‐to‐muscle ratio (LMR) and lesion‐to‐blood ratio (LBR). 68Ga‐nitroimidazole avid lesions were demonstrated most frequently in the upper lobes of the lung. Low‐grade hypoxic uptake was visualised in areas of consolidation, cavitation, nodules and lymph nodes. From baseline to follow‐up imaging, the LMR increased with persistent hypoxic load despite morphologic improvement. This case series highlights the dynamic hypoxic microenvironment in TB lesions. From these initial data, it appears that 68Ga‐nitroimidazole is a promising candidate for monitoring hypoxic load in patients diagnosed with TB. Such imaging could identify patients who would benefit from individualised therapy targeting other mechanisms in the TB microenvironment with the intention to predict or improve treatment response.
Efficacy and safety of tolvaptan in chronic heart failure
Authors: Oya Tomonori , Sato Junya , Maezawa Kayoko , Shiba Nobuyuki , Takeda Morihiko , Momose Yasuyuki
Published: June 2022

Background

The efficacy and safety of tolvaptan (TLV) in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) are unclear.

Aim

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tolvaptan (TLV) versus conventional therapy, primarily furosemide (FRM). In addition, the effect of the nutritional status on the efficacy of TLV was evaluated.

Method

This retrospective study included patients with CHF who were hospitalised and treated between March 2015 and February 2019, including 51 patients in the FRM group and 63 patients in the TLV group.

Result

Weight loss did not differ between the FRM and TLV groups (−2.1 ± 2.1 kg vs −1.5 ± 3.5 kg, p = 0.250). After 7 days, the change in the estimated glomerular filtration rate was significantly smaller in the FRM group (56.5 ± 22.2 vs 51.9 ± 20.0 mL/min/1.73 m2, p = 0.002). There was no significant difference in serum sodium (Na) levels between days 0 and 7 in the FRM group (138.8 ± 5.2 vs 139.2 ± 3.9 mEq/L, p = 0.487). However, the serum Na level was significantly increased in the TLV group (138.4 ± 5.0 mEq/L vs 139.4 ± 4.0 mEq/L, p = 0.047). There was no significant correlation between weight loss due to diuresis and the objective prognostic nutritional index in either group.

Conclusion

In hyponatremic patients with CHF, TLV may be more effective than FRM in slowing the course of renal damage and elevating serum Na levels; however, nutritional indices may not be necessary to consider while administering TLV.
Qualitative identification of mature milk adulteration in bovine colostrum using noise‐reduced dielectric spectra and linear model
Authors: An Changqing , Yang Ke , Zhu Jieliang , Guo Wenchuan , Lu Chang , Zhu Xinhua
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND

The rapid and accurate identification of colostrum, a strong non‐homogeneous food, remains a challenge. In the present study, the dielectric spectra including the dielectric constant (ε′) and loss factor (ε″) of 154 colostrum samples adulterated with 0–50% mature milk were measured from 20 to 4500 MHz.

RESULTS

The results showed that the noise‐reducing spectral preprocessing, including Savitzky–Golay (S‐G), second derivative (SD), and S‐G + SD, was significantly better than scattering‐eliminating, including standard normal variate (SNV), multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), and SNV + MSC. The combination of S‐G and SD was the best. Principal component analysis results demonstrated that dielectric spectroscopy is less susceptible to the inhomogeneity of colostrum and can be used to identify doped colostrum. The identification performance of linear models was better than that of non‐linear models. The established linear discriminant analysis model based on full spectra had the best accuracy rates of 99.14% and 97.37% in the calibration and validation sets, respectively. Confirmatory tests on samples from different sources confirmed the satisfactory robustness of the proposed model.

CONCLUSION

We found that the main unfavorable effect on the identification based on dielectric spectroscopy was noise interference, rather than scattering effect caused by inhomogeneity of colostrum. The satisfactory results undoubtedly cast light on rapid detection of strongly non‐homogeneous foods based on dielectric spectroscopy. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Synergistic antioxidant activity of selected medicinal plants in Brunei Darussalam and its application in developing fortified pasta
Authors: Tashim Najeebah Az‐Zahra , Lim Syazana Abdullah , Basri Aida Maryam
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND

Developing functional foods by utilizing plants can often lead to compromised sensory properties. Thus this study investigates the combination of plants to produce synergistic effects and to incorporate these plant powders into a pasta formulation without affecting its sensory acceptance. Six common Brunei medicinal plants were evaluated for their in vitro antioxidant activity determined by 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (IC50), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay and 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenziazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assay. Aqueous extracts of Amaranthus tricolor, Breynia androgyna, Manihot esculenta, Polygonum minus, Apium graveolens and Coriandrum sativum were prepared.

RESULTS

Breynia androgyna had the highest FRAP value of 74.3 ± 5.33 mg g−1 ascorbic acid equivalents (AAE), with DPPH IC50 antioxidant activity of 70.3 ± 3.14 μg mL−1 and ABTS scavenging activity of 44.0 ± 2.80 mg g−1 AAE. This correlates well with the total flavonoid, flavonol and phenolic content (50.5 mg g−1 gallic acid equivalents (GAE), 50.6 mg g−1 GAE and 24.3 mg g−1 GAE, respectively). Plant species powders were combined in pairs and evaluated for their synergistic antioxidant properties. With potential synergistic plant mixtures, fortification of these mixtures into functional food can be developed to improve its overall antioxidant capacity. Based on the synergistic IC50 results of these mixtures, three fortified pastas were formulated by incorporating selected plant powder combinations of Amaranthus tricolor + P. minus, Apium graveolens + P. minus, and P. minus + B. androgyna into wheat pasta at 1:100 (w/w).

CONCLUSION

Fortification of pasta with the plant powder blends resulted a significant increase in DPPH antioxidant activity, while successfully maintaining indistinguishable features from the control pasta, including minimal cooking loss, agreeable measure of cohesiveness, springiness and chewiness, with good overall sensory acceptability. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
The exponent of the non‐abelian tensor square and related constructions ofp‐groups
Authors: Bastos Raimundo , de Melo Emerson , Gonçalves Nathália , Monetta Carmine
Published: June 2022

LetGbe a finitep‐group. In this paper we obtain bounds for the exponent of the non‐abelian tensor square and a certain extension of by . In particular, we bound in terms of and whenGadmits some specific normal subgroupN. We also establish bounds for in terms of and either the nilpotency class or the coclass of the groupG, improving some existing bounds.
Rapid Geometry‐Corrected Echo‐Planar Diffusion Imaging at Ultrahigh Field: Fusing View Angle Tilting and Point‐Spread Function Mapping
Authors: Tung Yi‐Hang , In Myung‐Ho , Ahn Sinyeob , Speck Oliver
Published: June 2022

Purpose

Severe geometric distortions induced by tissue susceptibility, water–fat chemical shift, and eddy currents pose a substantial obstacle in single‐shot EPI, especially for high‐resolution imaging at ultrahigh field. View angle tilting (VAT)‐EPI can mitigate in‐plane distortion. However, the accompanied strong image blurring prevented its widespread applications. On the other hand, point‐spread function mapping (PSF)‐EPI can correct distortion and blurring accurately but requires prolonged scan time. We present fused VAT‐PSF‐EPI and possibilities for acceleration.

Methods

MR signal equations were explicitly derived to quantify image blurring in VAT‐EPI and the maximum acceleration capacity in VAT‐PSF‐EPI. To validate the theoretical prediction, phantom measurements with varying in‐plane parallel imaging factors, slice thicknesses, and RF pulses were conducted at 7 Tesla. In addition, in vivo human brain scans were acquired with T2 and diffusion weighting to assess distortion and blurring correction.

Results

VAT can effectively suppress distortion, and the introduced image blurring is corrected through PSF encoding. Up to fourfold acceleration (only 5 shots) in VAT‐PSF‐EPI was achieved compared with standard PSF‐EPI without VAT. VAT‐induced signal loss was mitigated by adjusting the sequence parameters and EPI resolution. In vivo T2‐weighted EPI data with 1.4 mm3 resolution demonstrate immunity to water–fat chemical shift‐induced distortion. Very high‐spatial resolution diffusion‐weighted EPI (0.7 × 0.7 × 2.8 mm3 and 1.2 mm3) demonstrates the immunity to eddy current‐induced distortion.

Conclusion

VAT‐PSF‐EPI is a novel spin‐echo EPI‐based sequence for fast high‐resolution diffusion imaging at ultrahigh field.
Factors associated with increased health‐related quality‐of‐life benefits in hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis polyneuropathy patients treated with inotersen
Authors: Karam Chafic , Brown Duncan , Yang Min , Done Nicolae , Dieye Ibou , Bozas Ana , Vera Llonch Montserrat , Signorovitch James
Published: June 2022

Introduction/Aims

Hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis with polyneuropathy (ATTRv‐PN) is a genetic condition associated with significant morbidity and mortality. In this study we aimed to identify patient subgroups exhibiting the greatest health‐related quality of life (HRQL) benefit from inotersen treatment.

Methods

We examined data from the inotersen phase 2/3 randomized, controlled trial for ATTRv‐PN, NEURO‐TTR (NCT01737398, 66 weeks). LASSO regression models predicted changes in Norfolk QoL‐DN total score (TQoL, range −4 to 136; higher scores indicate poorer HRQL) from baseline in the inotersen and placebo arm, respectively. Individualized efficacy scores (ES) were calculated as differences between predicted change scores had patients received inotersen vs placebo. Patients were ranked by ES to define the greatest‐benefit subpopulation (top 50%). Characteristics of the top 50% and bottom 50% of patients were compared.

Results

The overall mean ± standard deviation TQoL change was −0.20 ± 19.13 for inotersen (indicating no change) and 10.77 ± 21.13 for placebo (indicating deterioration). Within the highest‐benefit patients, mean TQoL change was −11.03 ± 17.06 (improvement) for inotersen and 11.24 ± 22.97 (deterioration) for placebo (P < .001). Compared with the overall population, patients in the greatest‐benefit subpopulation were younger, more likely to have polyneuropathy disability (PND) scores 1 or 2, less likely to have received prior tafamidis or diflunisal treatment, and more likely to have Val30Met mutations and higher (worse) baseline TQoL.

Conclusions

Patients who were younger and/or at earlier polyneuropathy stages experienced greater HRQL benefits from inotersen over 66 weeks. These findings underscore the need for early diagnosis and treatment initiation, especially among more severely affected patients in early stages of ATTRv‐PN.
Complementary food introduction practices in infants with intestinal failure
Authors: Nucci Anita M. , Samela Kate , Bobo Elizabeth , Wessel Jacqueline ,   the ASPEN Pediatric Intestinal Failure Section
Published: June 2022

Background

Oral intake in infants with intestinal failure (IF) may be limited due to intolerance or feeding difficulties. Guidelines for the introduction of semisolid or solid complementary foods (CFs) to infants with IF do not exist. CF intake and caloric contribution from CF is difficult to assess due to malabsorption and incomplete recording. The aim of this study was to identify institutional approaches to introducing CF to infants with IF.

Methods

The American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutriton (ASPEN) Pediatric Intestinal Failure Section Registered Dietitian/Nutritionist (RDN) working group designed a 10‐question online cloud‐based survey to assess group member practice related to the introduction of CF to infants with IF.

Results

Twenty‐six surveys were completed. Thirteen (50%) RDNs recommend introduction of CF between 4 and 6 months of age. Nineteen (76%) recommend adding pureed foods to gastrostomy tube feedings. Seventeen (65%) follow standard infant feeding practice guidelines with half citing the American Academy of Pediatrics. Approximately half (44%) recommend introducing vegetables first and the majority (80%) recommend delaying the introduction of fruits. The vast majority (92%) recommend specific foods to minimize stool output including green beans, bananas, infant cereals, and meats/protein.

Conclusion

Institutional practices related to the introduction of CF to infants with IF vary. Similarities with first food choice and foods to avoid were observed. Evidenced‐based practice guidelines for the introduction of CF to infants with IF need to be established to determine best practices for reducing stool output, encouraging weaning from parenteral nutrition, and achieving enteral autonomy.
Matheuristics with performance guarantee for the unsplit and split delivery capacitated vehicle routing problem
Authors: Bertazzi Luca , Wang Xingyin
Published: June 2022

For the classical unsplit and split delivery capacitated vehicle routing problems, we carry out a worst‐case analysis for classes of matheuristics and compare their performance on average, on a large set of benchmark instances. The matheuristics are based on the optimal solution of the bin packing problem, the capacitated concentrator location problem, and the unsplit capacitated vehicle routing problem (CVRP). These matheuristics are compared with the classical algorithms having known finite worst‐case performance bound. For the unsplit CVRP, we provide a matheuristic having worst‐case performance bound equal to the one of the classical algorithms, but with an average percent cost increase with respect to the optimal cost equal to 1.13%. For the split delivery case, we provide a matheuristic having worst‐case performance bound 2 and an average percent cost increase with respect to the best‐known cost equal to 0.64%. Moreover, this matheuristic is able to find 22 best‐known solutions, 20 of which are new.
An FFT‐based Galerkin method for the effective permeability of porous material
Authors: Tu Fubin , Tong Jun , Wang Menghui , Chen Zongwu , Qi Shunchao
Published: June 2022

A numerical scheme which is a combination of FFT and Galerkin methods is proposed for calculating the effective permeability of periodic porous material. First, a periodic stress field whose divergence is equal to the subtraction of body force from prescribed pressure gradient is introduced to reformulate the governing equations. Then, an auxiliary problem is established to replace the prescribed pressure gradient with the resulting initial prescribed stress. An FFT‐based Galerkin method of stress control type, the associated projection operator for zero divergence condition and the treatment of composite pixels/voxels are presented for solving the viscous flow in periodic porous material. Finally, numerical examples of viscous flows in 2D parallel fissured medium, 2D medium with regularly packed squares, 2D medium with regularly packed and rotated squares, 3D medium with regularly packed ellipsoids, and 3D medium with randomly packed ellipsoids are implemented. Numerical results calculated by FFT‐based Galerkin method agree well with analytical solutions and finite element results. The proposed FFT‐based Galerkin method is effective for predicting the macro permeability of porous material with complex meso structures.
Preparation of microfibrillated cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol test strip integrated with novel chemosensor for colorimetric determination of diisopropyl fluorophosphate
Authors: Alfi Alia Abdulaziz , Abumelha Hana M. , Qurban Jihan , Alnoman Rua B. , Alaysuy Omaymah , Bayazeed Abrar , El‐Metwaly Nashwa M.
Published: June 2022

Exposure to the odorless or colorless nerve agents can result in organ paralysis, failure, or even death. Novel nanocomposite‐based microporous strips that can be used with the naked eye to detect diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP) nerve agent mimic within a few seconds have been developed. A simple preparation procedure was used to prepare novel quinoline‐bearing hydrazone‐type tricyanofuran (QHTCF) chromophore via an azo‐coupling of 8‐aminoquinoline diazonium salt with the active methyl‐containing tricyanofuran. The chemical structure of QHTCF was inspected with FTIR, 1H/13CNMR, and elemental analysis. An environmentally friendly procedure was employed to prepare microfibrillated cellulose from sugarcane bagasse agricultural waste that has been one of the most well‐known solid pollutants worldwide. Therefore, it has been highly significant to find out a simple procedure to exchange sugarcane bagasse into valuable materials. Microfibrillated cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol/hydrazone (PVA‐MFC‐H) composites were prepared using different concentrations of QHTCF chromophore. With an increase in DFP concentration, the absorption intensity of the QHTCF‐containing nanocomposite rose from 426 to 562 nm. A wide range of detection limit was monitored for DFP using the current PVA‐MFC‐H sensor strip. The CIE Lab measurements demonstrated a yellow‐to‐purple color shift of PVA‐MFC‐H upon exposure to DFP. The current PVA‐MFC‐H strip demonstrated a detection limit for DFP in the range of 25–300 ppm. The current sensors were tested for their morphologies, fiber crystallinity, thermal stability, and mechanical characteristics.
Stabilization of delayed nonlinear systems via periodically intermittent event‐triggered control
Authors: Zhai Ying , Gao Shang , Su Huan
Published: June 2022

This article investigates the periodically intermittent event‐triggered control (PIEC) for delayed nonlinear systems. The PIEC strategy, by means of introducing event‐triggered strategy into periodically intermittent controller, is proposed to reduce the amount of communications while still preserving a satisfactory closed‐loop performance. Some sufficient conditions are derived, which are incorporated into the controller design to determine the controller gain and the triggered parameters in a co‐design case. The overall strategy ensures a global asymptotic stability for the closed‐loop system and the existence of positive dwell time between two consecutive events. Therefore, Zeno behavior is excluded. Finally, the simulation example of Lu oscillator is given to verify the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
3‐4: Highly Efficient Green Top‐Emission Light‐Emitting Diodes Based on Indium‐Phosphide Quantum Dots
Authors: Zhang Di , Li Dong , Feng Jingwen , Zhu Youqin , Chen Zhuo , Li Yanzhao , Li Xinguo , Xu Xiaoguang
Published: June 2022

One of the major challenges for novel display technologies based on quantum dot light‐emitting (QLED) was replacing toxic emission layers. Indium phosphide (InP) quantum dots were considered as the most promising alternative materials. In this work, the optimal vertical light extraction could be obtained by simulating the different thickness of electron transport layer (ETL) in devices. The Mg‐doped ZnO (ZnMgO) electron transport layer was adopted to further balance the carriers injection and transport. Finally, top‐emission devices with optimized light extraction and balanced carriers shown higher current efficiency and narrower full width at half maximum (FWHM) of electroluminescent peaks (EL).
5‐1: Student Paper: Implementation of Full‐Panel Circuit Models for Interference Estimation Between Touch and Display Operation in On‐Cell Touch AMOLED
Authors: Choi Seung-Hun , An Jun-Yeol , Lee Jae-Youl , Kim Si-Woo , Lee Hyung-Min , Choi Yoon-Kyung
Published: June 2022

A full‐panel circuit model of the on‐cell touch AMOLED is introduced to simulate the mutual interference between touch and display operations. The proposed panel model successfully reproduced nonlinear behaviors of the display noise observed in real systems. Also, the reverse‐directional interference, i.e., touch‐to‐display coupling, was simulated, showing that touch stimulation incurs the fluctuation of display charging voltages, possibly causing perceivable line defects. The proposed panel model can be used for various touch/display algorithms to reduce the interference effects and to determine key design parameters for new panels.
5‐2: Tracing‐Based Degradation Estimation Method for Stress‐Profile Algorithm
Authors: Hong Seokah , Goh Joonchul , Bae Jaesung , Kwag Dongjoon , Kim Hyeongjin , Choe Wonjun
Published: June 2022

In the case of display products using self‐lighting elements such as organic light emitting diodes, the problem of image quality due to degradation such as burn‐in remains a task to be solved. In order to overcome this problem, a technology using an inorganic material such as a nano‐emitting diode (NED) has recently been researched and developed. If degradation compensation technology through driving algorithms is applied to excellent material properties, it is expected that future display technology can be led. This paper proposes a tracing‐based prediction method to compensate for the degradation according to the degradation characteristics of new materials. Through the feasibility verification, the performance of maintaining constant luminance at the level of 1.3% compensation error was confirmed based on the white peak condition, 20% degradation.
9‐3: Student Paper: Widening the Wavelength Absorption Range of Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide Phototransistors through the Capping layer
Authors: Park Kyungho , Yoo Hyukjoon , Choi Dong Hyun , Jung Sujin , Kwak Kyungmoon , Kang Byung Ha , Kim Hyun Jae
Published: June 2022

We propose indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) phototransistors with an extended wavelength detection range by a capping layer composed of hafnium oxide (HfO2). A HfO2 capping layer enables the generation of oxygen vacancies by strongly attracting oxygen ions in the back channel of IGZO. IGZO phototransistors with the capping layer exhibit improved optoelectronic characteristics, such as photoresponsivity of 149.48 A/W, photosensitivity of 1.17 × 106, detectivity of 3.64 × 1010 Jones under the green light (532 nm) illumination of 10 mW/mm2.
11‐1: 100‐Microsecond Response In‐Plane‐Only Retardation Switching by Applied Voltage Polarity‐Dependent Smectic Liquid Crystals
Authors: Mochizuki Akihiro
Published: June 2022

Opposite direction short pulse insertion to an SSD (Smectic Single Domain) liquid crystal panel has revealed significant shortening of decay time from 250 ms with a simple pulse to 50 ms with the short pulse at 8 V, 1 ms main pulse duration preserving its in‐plane only retardation switching property.
12‐3: Investigation of Fingerprint on Display Technology for FLI Display
Authors: Xu Chuan X. , Yao Qi , Tian Wen H. , He Wei , Li Xiang , Yang Ming , Li Bing Y. , Lin Zheng R. , Shu Shi , Yuan Guang C.
Published: June 2022

We developed pinhole matrix optical solution of fingerprint on display technology for FLI OLED to avoid its low module transmittance. We investigated the influence of pinhole size and touch metal lines on the fingerprint on FLI technology in both regid and foldable display based on a 6.2inch QHD resolution OLED panel.
13‐1: Invited Paper: Optimizations for the Commercialization of Inkjet‐Printed Quantum‐Dot Light‐Emitting Diode Displays
Authors: Wu Longjia , Lin Xiongfeng , Hou Wenjun , Yan Xiaolin
Published: June 2022

The lifetime problem of blue QLEDs is the most challenging issue in QLED. In this work, great progress of blue QLEDs has been implemented by using top emitting structure and modifying charge injection balance..
13‐5: Quantum‐Dot‐in‐Perovskite Near‐Infrared Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Tountas Marinos , Soultati Anastasia , Yusoff Abd. Rashid Bin Mohd , Davazoglou Dimitris , Vasilopoulou Maria
Published: June 2022

Quantum dots represent a unique class of solution‐processed semiconductors with unprecedented optoelectronic properties such as charge transport capability and light absorption/emission. Regarding the latter, the electroluminescence of these nanocrystals can spun a wide wavelength range from the visible to the near infrared through size engineering. However, they exhibit low photoluminescence quantum yield and inferior charge transport properties which hinders their application to light‐emitting diodes. On the other hand, halide perovskite semiconductors exhibit high charge carrier mobility and photoluminescence quantum efficiency approaching unity. However, their emission maxima cannot spun the whole near infrared range due to bandgap induced limitations. Here, we report unique combinations of these classes of semiconductors that allowed the fabrication of efficient near infrared electroluminescent hybrid quantum dot‐in‐perovskite device. In the first approach, core‐shell carbon polymer quantum dots were embedded into the perovskite emissive layer to induce passivation of defect sites and modify the nanomorphology hence resulting to significant efficiency enhancement. In the second approach, silica‐encapsulated silver sulphide quantum dots served as the emissive nanocrystals that were dispersed in a caesium‐containing triple cation perovskite matrix. The latter acted as a highly conductive medium that also offers effective passivation to the emissive nanocrystals. As a result, high external quantum efficiency for a long near infrared wavelength peak electroluminescence was achieved.
14‐2: Student Paper: Enhanced Electrical Characteristics of Low‐Temperature Processed In‐Ga‐Zn‐O Thin‐Film Transistors with Oxygen Scavenging Layer
Authors: Kim Min Seong , Jung Sujin , Ahn Jong Hyuk , Kim Hyung Tae , Kim Hyun Jae
Published: June 2022

In this study, the oxygen scavenging layer (OSL) was introduced between channel and gate insulator to improve the electrical characteristics even at 200"C fabrication of amorphous indium‐gallium‐ zinc oxide thin‐film transistors (a‐IGZO TFTs). The OSL is a layer introduced between the channel layer and the gate insulator layer, which is thinly deposited to absorb oxygen in the effective channel of a‐IGZO with annealing process. MgOx was used to make the OSL. The a‐IGZO TFTs with OSL, even if annealed at a low‐temperature of 200°C, exhibit improved electrical characteristics and stability under positive bias temperature stress (PBTS) compared to those without OSL: field‐effect mobility from 8.15 to 16.08 cm2/Vs, subthreshold swing from 0.45 to 0.42 V/decade, on/off current ratio from 3.19 × 108 to 9.53 × 109. A threshold voltage shift under PBTS at 50 °C for 10,000 sec was decreased from + 8.94 V to + 1.98 V. These improvements are attributed to Mg of OSL absorbing oxygen ions in the effective channel layer of a‐IGZO.
14‐3: Extremely Short‐Channel LTPS TFT Technologies for High‐Performance Low‐Power, and Reliable AMOLED displays
Authors: Kim Keunwoo , Chu Jaehwan , Lee Dokyeong , Kim Doona , Kim Hanbit , Sung Bummo , Shin Jiyoung , Oh Yunjung , Kwak Hyena , Choi Sanggun , Lim Junhyung , Kang Taewook , Lee Changhee
Published: June 2022

This paper presents recent progress to scale down low‐temperature polysilicon (LTPS) TFT technologies in the extremely short‐channel length regime for AMOLED displays. Process integration of short‐channel gate and narrow‐width polysilicon into scaled equivalent gate‐oxide thickness (EOT), is explored, in conjunction with enhanced poly crystallization by reducing defect density‐of‐state (DOS) especially in the grain boundaries of the channel region. We obtain more than twice higher current drive (Ion) with significantly‐reduced parasitic gate capacitance, thereby enabling high‐performance high‐frequency panel operations. In addition to superior panel performance in scaled LTPS TFTs, reliable devices are attained, demonstrating robust device characteristics for negative‐bias instability (NBTI) and hot carrier injection (HCI) effects. Physics‐based analysis, based on experimental data and numerical device simulations, is performed to gain more insight in the TFT technologies.
14‐4: Enhanced Low Temperature Polycrystalline Silicon Thin‐Film Transistor Device Structure by Doping at Channel Edge
Authors: Jang Seunghyun , Son Byoungtaek , Sim Myungbo , Kim Kihwan , Lee Yongsoo , Choi Tae Young , Lee Yongsu , Choo Byoung Kwon , Baek Seungin , Kim Yongjo
Published: June 2022

In this study, we propose a new low temperature polycrystalline silicon thin film transistor structure with good driving and reliability characteristics. The structure was proposed through TCAD simulation and verified through several simulation models. Thereafter, actual devices were manufactured to prove that characteristics were improved.
17‐4: An Avionics Touchscreen Display for Safety‐Critical Applications
Authors: Coni Philippe , Renaud Frederic , Alfred Hermann
Published: June 2022

Projected capacitive touchscreens (PCAPs) are popular for consumer applications, but using them in a harsh environment remains difficult.

The guidelines and recommendations for consumer industry touchscreens are not sufficient to cover their implementation in cockpits/flight stations, thus, a new standard guideline has been introduced by SAE: ARP60494.

Prior to the first introduction of PCAP on board the Airbus A350, numerous qualification tests were carried out for product certification, the results are presented and discussed in this paper.
20‐3: Invited Paper: BEOL‐Compatible Ferroelectric Field‐Effect Transistors with Atomic Layer Deposition of Oxide Semiconductor Channel Toward Monolithic 3D Integration
Authors: Lin Zhiyu , Lin Zehao , Wang Ziheng , Si Mengwei , Ye Peide D.
Published: June 2022

In this work, we report a BEOL‐compatible ferroelectric field‐effect transistor using oxide semiconductor as channel and ferroelectric hafnium zirconium oxide as gate insulator all grown by atomic layer deposition with a low thermal budget of 400°C, and meanwhile demonstrating well‐behaved ferroelectric characteristics.
21‐3: Effect of Ag Adhesion Layer on Plasmon Outcoupling Efficiency
Authors: Thompson Nicholas J. , Fusella Michael A. , Saramak Renata , Mundoor Haridas , Menon Vinod M. , Weaver Michael S. , Brown Julia J.
Published: June 2022

In this paper we explore energy loss in the novel plasmonic PHOLED device architecture that enables next‐generation OLED operation by harnessing energy previously believed to be trapped in the plasmon mode. We determine that the quality of Ag used in the plasmon out‐coupling scheme can increase the device efficiency by greater than 30%. We identify the Ag adhesion layer as a way to tune the quality of Ag and discuss the effects on both plasmon in‐ and out‐coupling efficiencies.
22‐2: Field Sequential Color See‐Through Panel Development
Authors: Terashita Shinichi , Watanabe Kouichi , Okazaki Tsuyoshi , Kobayashi Masamitsu , Hada Akihiro , Shimoshikiryoh Fumikazu
Published: June 2022

We have succeeded in developing a liquid crystal display mode with overwhelming display performance for Field Sequential Color (FSC) driven see‐through panel applications. The FSC‐LCD panel which we have developed a newly liquid crystal display mode 2D‐UV2 A II demonstrates a liquid crystal mode efficiency (transmittance) of over 97%, a color gamut of 93.5% NTSC ratio when driven by FSC, a contrast of 16,000:1, and excellent viewing angle performance.
22‐3: A New Near Infrared Polarizer with High Visible Transparency and its Sensor Applications
Authors: Nojiri Mayumi , Hirai Yuki , Morishima Shin-ichi , Muramatsu Ayako , Ito Yoji
Published: June 2022

We have successfully developed a novel near‐infrared (NIR) polarizer fabricated from dichroic dyes. Unlike conventional wire‐grid polarizers, it exhibits transparency in the visible region and polarization wavelength tunability. Improvement of iris pattern recognition by eliminating the reflected light from the cornea surface has been demonstrated.
24‐1: Can Light Microscopes Really Be Chip‐Sized?
Authors: Vilà Anna , Moreno Sergio , Diéguez Angel
Published: June 2022

Light microscopy has changed considerably over the last century. Nevertheless, it still suffers the limitation of being performed in laboratories, what causes delays to results, partial sampling and non‐continuous measurements. Here we will demonstrate chip‐sized microscopes produced only with microelectronic technologies. With a LED micro‐display as a main component and a photodetector, both raster and multi‐holographic lensless microscopes were demonstrated. The field of view of the microscopes is given by the micro‐display area while LED size limits the resolution. Their low cost in volume manufacturing and chip‐sized compactness will allow ubiquitous microscopy soon.
24‐4: Student Paper: High Precision Beam Angle Expander Based on Polymeric Liquid Crystal Polarization Lenses for LiDAR Applications
Authors: Li Yannanqi , Luo Zhenyi , Wu Shin-Tson
Published: June 2022

A novel beam steering angle expander is demonstrated by cascading two polymeric liquid crystal polarization lenses with different diopters. The lens module performs as a planar telescope, which is featured as lightweight, low cost, and high precision. The magnifier offers wide‐angle continuous steering when integrated with an active fine‐angle beam steerer.
26‐2: How perovskite quantum dots are supporting the rise of mini‐LED based LCD displays
Authors: Luechinger Norman A
Published: June 2022

A color conversion film with green and red color conversion materials is needed for mini‐LED based LCD displays because the traditional approach of using phosphors on‐chip does not work for such displays due to technical limitations. Either narrow band phosphors (like B‐Sialon or KSF) or quantum dots (like CdSe or InP) are commercially used in color conversion films and the selection of these materials is mainly driven by display performance including picture quality but also battery‐life. We present and discuss the pros and cons of the different material combinations in relation to the specific display types of TV, monitors, notebooks and tablets and will show where perovskite quantum dots will make a difference. Furthermore we give an update on the development and commercialization status for our color conversion films which are based on green perovskite QDs and different red emitter materials.
26‐3: Optical Modeling of Quantum Dot‐OLED (QD‐OLED) Color Conversion
Authors: Palomaki Peter , Twietmeyer Karen
Published: June 2022

Quantum Dots (QDs) as a color converting layer paired with a blue OLED emitter are investigated through a ray‐tracing model. By adjusting various properties of the QD layer, trends in performance such as the color of emitted light, green photon output, blue leakage, and loss mechanisms are investigated. This simple model and associated data analysis provide insight into important design considerations for QD color converted pixels for future display technologies such as QD‐OLED and microLEDs.
26‐4: Perovskite Inks and Photoresists for In‐Pixel Color Conversion
Authors: Sakai Nobuya , Hopkin Hywel , de Keyzer Ger , Wenger Bernard
Published: June 2022

Several technologies are currently competing for higher brightness, more colorful and efficient displays. In‐pixel color conversion, where blue light is converted into red and green at the pixel level, can enable emerging μLED, QD‐OLED and LCD architectures. Here, we discuss the requirements for the color conversion materials and show that perovskites are particularly promising due to their giant blue light absorption and suitable manufacturing processes. We then discuss the requirements for patterning films and focus on ink‐jet printing and photolithography. Finally, we demonstrate that conventional color photoresist formulations can be successfully adapted for green and red perovskites, which offer an exciting prospect for rapid adoption by the display industry.
29‐4: Invited Paper: Novel High Impedance Driving of Zenithal Bistable LCDs
Authors: Beldon Stephen M. , Shi Quanshui , Pfeiffer Matthias , Bryan-Brown Guy
Published: June 2022

The addressing of passive matrix LCDs is well known, with predefined voltages being applied to both rows and columns during an update. In this paper we present a novel method of driving a Zenithal Bistable LCD, applying a high impedance state to inactive rows and/or columns. Significant improvements in power consumption are demonstrated.
30‐3: A Moving Camera and Synthetic Calibration Target Solution for Non‐Planar Scene Estimation and Projector Calibration
Authors: Arnold Katherine , Fieguth Paul , Lamm Mark
Published: June 2022

The automatic calibration of projector systems improves the possible environments available to this technology which relies on exact scene calibration. This paper explores the challenge of projector calibration and non‐planar scene estimation. This formulation assumes no prior information on the moving camera or fixed projector. Limited scene understanding provides the basis for constructing synthetic calibration targets to perform a geometric recovery through bundle adjustment. Synthetic data are generated from ground‐truth camera and projector parameters to explore the method's performance over varying properties of the synthetic calibration targets.