bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of novel poly(arylenevinylene) derivative
Authors: Se‐Yong Song , Kang‐Su Kim , Young‐Bin Lee , Jin‐Sung Kwak , Kim Eun‐Kyung , Yong‐Kuk Cho , Kwon Soon‐Ki , Zhao Qinghua , Jung Won‐Ik , Kim Jang‐Joo , Kim Yun‐Hi
Published: August 2008

The new poly(arylenevinylene) derivative composed naphthalene phenylene vinylene backbone was developed. The theoretical calculation showed that the model compound of the obtained polymer was highly distorted between the stryl and naphthalene units as well as between the backbone and fluorene side units. The polymer was synthesized by the palladium catalyzed Suzuki coupling reaction with 2,6‐(1′,2′‐ethylborate)‐1,5‐dihexyloxynaphtalene and 1,2‐bis(4′‐bromophenyl)‐1‐(9″,9″‐dihexyl‐3‐fluorenyl)ethene. The structure of the polymer was confirmed by 1H NMR, IR, and elemental analysis. The weight–average molecular weight of the polymer is 29,800 with the polydispersity index of 1.87. The new polymer showed good thermal stability with high Tg of 195°C. The bright blue fluorescence (λmax = 475 nm) was observed both in solution and film of new polymer with naphthalene phenylene vinylene backbone. Double layer LED devices with the configuration of ITO/PEDOT/polymer/LiF/Ca/Al showed a turn‐on voltage at around 4.5 V, the maximum luminance of 150 cd/m2, and the maximum efficiency of 0.1 cd/A. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Preparation of microcapsules containing TMBA (1,3,5‐trimethylbarbituric acid) by the drying‐in‐liquid method and its application
Authors: Fuchigami Kiyomi , Taguchi Yoshinari , Tanaka Masato
Published: August 2008

1,3,5‐trimethylbarbituric acid (TMBA), an amphiphilic material used widely for redox catalysts, such as organic peroxide, aromatic tertiary amine, and anhydride, was microencapsulated by the drying‐in‐liquid method with polyethylene methacrylate (PEMA) as a wall material. To prevent osmotically induced leakage of the core material into the continuous water phase during the microencapsulation process, TMBA was beforehand dissolved into the continuous water phase. In the experiment, the amount of TMBA dissolved and holdup of the dispersed oil phase were changed. The microencapsulation efficiency increased with the increase in the amount of TMBA dissolved but remained 36% at the highest even with the saturated level of TMBA. Also, the microencapsulation efficiency decreased with increase in holdup. The microcapsules containing TMBA were used for preparing a biological hard tissue‐adhesive material and estimated for the microencapsulation effects. The adhesives containing the microencapsules were found to have excellent bonding properties and high storage stability. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Modeling of multifilament PET fiber melt‐spinning
Authors: Jeon Young‐Pyo , Cox Christopher L.
Published: August 2008

A fundamental issue in the polymer fiber melt‐spinning process is the control of final properties. Most available melt‐spinning models simulate only a single fiber, providing an incomplete representation of the actual industrial multifilament process. Variations across the fiber bundle in cooling air velocity and temperature result in nonuniformity in fiber properties. Simulation can provide insight into this cause‐and‐effect relationship and lead to better process design to control differences between fibers. The few multifilament models in existence typically use a Newtonian constitutive model for the polymer, failing to capture nonlinear effects which often play a significant role in the process. Experimental validation of multifilament simulation is lacking. We present a nonisothermal multifilament spinning model, applicable for a variety of polymer and process conditions. The model combines the flow‐enhanced crystallization (FEC) fiber spinning model of McHugh et al. with a generalization of Dutta's multifilament model. The model predicts fiber properties such as stress, degree of crystallinity, fiber radius and temperature as a function of distance from the spinneret, along with quench air cross velocity and temperature throughout the fiber bundle region. The McHugh FEC model for single fiber spinning, based on a modified Giesekus constitutive model and Avrami‐type crystallization kinetics, has been experimentally validated. In this work we show that results of the multifilament quench air model compare favorably to experimental measurements. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Using information behaviors to evaluate the functionality and usability of electronic resources: From Ellis's model to evaluation
Authors: Makri Stephann , Blandford Ann , Cox Anna L.
Published: August 2008

Information behavior (IB) research involves examining how people look for and use information, often with the sole purpose of gaining insights into the behavior displayed. However, it is also possible to examine IB with the purpose of using the insights gained to design new tools or improve the design of existing tools to support information seeking and use. This approach is advocated by David Ellis who, over two decades ago, presented a model of information seeking behaviors and made suggestions for how electronic tools might be designed to support these behaviors. Ellis also recognized that IBs might be used as the basis for evaluating as well as designing electronic resources. In this article, we present the IB evaluation methods. These two novel methods, based on an extension of Ellis's model, use the empirically observed IBs of lawyers as a framework for structuring user‐centered evaluations of the functionality and usability of electronic resources. In this article, we present the IB methods and illustrate their use through the discussion of two examples. We also discuss benefits and limitations, grounded in specific features of the methods.
Mangroven: Vergessene Wälder? Maßnahmen zum Schutz tropischer Küsten
Authors: Saint‐Paul Ulrich , Schnack Christiane
Published: August 2008

Etwa ein Viertel der Fläche der ursprünglichen Mangrovenwälder ist in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten weltweit zerstört worden. Mangrovenwälder schützen die Küste vor Erosion, mindern die Wirkung von tropischen Stürmen, fördern als Sedimentfallen die Verlandung, binden CO2 und sind damit für das Weltklima relevant. Betroffen sind vor allem die armen Bevölkerungsgruppen in den Tropen, die nicht nur ihre Lebensgrundlage mit dem Verschwinden der Mangrovenwälder verlieren, sondern die darüber hinaus verstärkt unter anderem tropischen Stürmen ausgesetzt sind. In Vietnam untersucht das Bremer Zentrum für Marine Tropenökologie die Ökologie wieder aufgeforsteter Mangrovenwälder. Wiederaufforstungen degradierter Mangrovenflächen sind für den Küstenschutz in den Tropen zwingend notwendig.
Landei oder Wasserei?
Authors: Wendler Silke
Published: August 2008

Frösche haben im Laufe der Evolution zwei Strategien des Ablaichens entwickelt: Entweder der Laich wird im Wasser abgesetzt oder an Land; dort bevorzugt auf Blättern, die über einem Gewässer hängen. In beiden Lebensräumen droht dem Nachwuchs Gefahr – Austrocknung an Land, Räuber und Sauerstoffunterversorgung im Wasser. Deshalb sind die Eier speziell an den jeweiligen Lebensraum angepasst und schließen eine Überlebensmöglichkeit im anderen Element normalerweise aus. Die Weibchen des Bromelienlaubfrosches (Dendropsophus ebraccatus) sind jedoch in der Lage, je nach Umweltbedingungen im Wasser oder an Land abzulaichen.
Web 2.0 – auf dem Weg zur offenen Wissenschaft
Authors: Waldminghaus Torsten
Published: August 2008

Vor einigen Monaten wurde zum ersten Mal ein Fußballverein von einer Online‐Gemeinschaft gekauft, moderner Wahlkampf spielt sich zu einem großen Teil auf Youtube ab und das Internetsystem StudiVZ hat zweieinhalb Jahre nach seiner Gründung bereits acht Millionen Mitglieder. Nach der Internetrevolution in den 1990er Jahren zeichnet sich aktuell eine neue Entwicklung ab: das Web 2.0, eine neue Form der Kommunikation und Kooperation, die zunehmend auch von Wissenschaftlern genutzt wird.
Werkzeuge der Molekularbiologie: Restriktionsenzyme
Authors: Schrödel Andrea
Published: August 2008

An einen Laboralltag ohne Restriktionsenzyme ist heute nicht mehr zu denken. Der Griff in die Gefriertruhe zur Suche nach dem passenden Enzym ist so selbstverständlich geworden, wie der Restriktionsverdau selbst. Kaum vorstellbar, dass die so genannten Restriktionsenzyme erst vor 30 Jahren entdeckt wurden. 1978 bekamen Werner Arber, Daniel Nathans und Hamilton Othanel Smith dafür den Nobelpreis verliehen.
Deutschland: Nord‐ und Ostsee
Authors: Kronberg Inge
Published: August 2008

Fischerei, Seefahrt, Küstenschutz und Landwirtschaft prägen die kulturelle Identität der deutschen Küstenregionen und sind gleichzeitig eine Attraktion für den Fremdenverkehr. Integriertes Küstenzonenmanagement (IKZM) will dazu beitragen, den Küstenbereich als ökologisch intakten und wirtschaftlich prosperierenden Lebensraum zu erhalten, es soll Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten aufzeigen, Konfliktpotenziale erkennen und Lösungen anbieten. Es gibt zwar viele europäische bis regionale Richtlinien mit Küstenbezug, IKZM ist aber die einzige Ebene, auf der der Küstenraum als Gesamtheit betrachtet und die nebeneinander bestehenden Richtlinien integriert werden.
Neue Wege für den Artenschutz in Afrika
Authors: Groß Michael
Published: August 2008

Beim Thema Artenschutz in Afrika denken viele an die großen Nationalparks, in denen Giraffen stolzieren und zahlungskräftige Touristen im Geländewagen umherkutschiert werden. John Mason, der Direktor des Nature Conservation Research Centre (NCRC) im westafrikanischen Staat Ghana, vertritt die Ansicht, dass diese Parks der Natur wenig nützen und oft schaden. Nationalparks sind zum Scheitern verurteilt, sagt er, weil die staatlichen Behörden, die sie betreiben, die einheimische Bevölkerung gegen die Schutzvorhaben aufbringen. Als Gegenentwurf hat das NCRC neuartige Naturschutzprojekte entwickelt, bei denen das Zusammenleben von Mensch und Natur im Vordergrund steht.
Performance of the CJDATS Co‐Occurring Disorders Screening Instruments (CODSIs) among Minority Offenders
Authors: Duncan Alexandra , Sacks Stanley , Melnick Gerald , Cleland Charles M. , Pearson Frank S. , Coen Carrie
Published: August 2008

Previous research has shown the performance of the CJDATS Co‐Occurring Disorders Screening Instruments (CODSI‐MD and SMD)—six‐ and three‐item instruments to screen for any mental disorder (CODSI‐MD) and for severe mental disorders (CODSI‐SMD), respectively—to be comparable or superior to other, longer instruments. This study tested the stability of the performance of the CODSI‐MD and SMD across three racial/ethnic groups of offenders entering prison substance abuse treatment programs (n = 353), consisting of 96 African American, 120 Latino, and 137 White admissions. The Structured Clinical Interview (SCID) was used to obtain DSM‐IV Axis I and II diagnoses; a lifetime SCID diagnosis of a mental disorder or a severe mental disorder was the criterion against which the CODSI‐MD and SMD were validated. Results showed no statistical differences in sensitivity or specificity for either the CODSI‐MD or SMD across the African American, Latino, and White prisoner groups. The value of the CODSI‐MD and SMD as brief screens for mental disorders among offenders with diverse racial/ethnic backgrounds is discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Violent and disruptive behavior among drug‐involved prisoners: Relationship with psychiatric symptoms
Authors: Friedmann Peter D. , Melnick Gerald , Jiang Lan , Hamilton Zachary
Published: August 2008

This study examines the relationship between psychiatric symptoms and violent/disruptive behavior among 192 inmates who participated in prison‐based substance abuse treatment. Participants came from two sites able to provide narrative reports of disciplinary actions in the Criminal Justice Drug Abuse Treatment Studies' Co‐Occurring Disorders Screening Instrument study. In multivariate logistic models, a lifetime history of thought insertion/control ideation (OR, 11.6; 95% CI, 1.8–75.2), antisocial personality disorder (OR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.2–8.9), and disciplinary action related to possession of controlled substances or contraband (OR, 4.9; 95% CI, 1.9–12.3) were associated with increased risk for violent or disruptive behavior while in prison, whereas lifetime phobic symptoms (OR, 0.2; 95% CI, 0.1–0.54) and high school graduation (OR, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.2–1.0) were associated with a decreased risk of violence and disruptive behavior in general. We conclude that, among inmates in substance abuse treatment, symptoms that increase risk for violence or disruptive behavior include thought control/insertion ideation and disciplinary infractions related to controlledsubstances, contraband, or failure to participate in assigned programs, as well a history of antisocial personality disorder. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diagnostic profiles of offenders in substance abuse treatment programs
Authors: Grella Christine E. , Greenwell Lisa , Prendergast Michael , Sacks Stanley , Melnick Gerald
Published: August 2008

This study examined the association of Axis I and Axis II disorders among offenders who were in prison‐based substance abuse treatment in a national multi‐site study. Participants (N = 280) received a psychosocial assessment and a structured diagnostic interview in two separate sessions. Logistic regression models examined the association between lifetime mood and anxiety disorders with two personality disorders, and the relationship of Axis I and Axis II disorders (alone and in combination) to pre‐treatment psychosocial functioning. Over two‐thirds of the sample met criteria for at least one mental disorder. Borderline personality disorder was strongly associated with having a lifetime mood disorder (odds ratio = 7.5) or lifetime anxiety disorder (odds ratio = 8.7). Individuals with only an Axis II disorder, or who had both Axis I and Axis II disorders, had more severe problems in psychosocial functioning than those without any disorder. Clinical treatment approaches need to address this heterogeneity in diagnostic profiles, symptom severity, and psychosocial functioning. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Community‐Based co‐occurring disorder (COD) intermediate and advanced treatment for offenders
Authors: Melnick Gerald , Coen Carrie , Taxman Faye S. , Sacks Stanley , Zinsser Katherine M.
Published: August 2008

Against a backdrop of increasing concern about the adequacy of treatment for co‐occurring substance use and mental disorders (typically known as “co‐occurring disorders,” or COD) in the criminal justice system, this article attempts to provide empirical evidence for a typology of levels of COD treatment for offenders in both prison and community settings. The paper investigates two levels of treatment programs for COD; “intermediate” programs, in which treatment programming has been designed primarily for offenders with a single disorder, and “advanced” programs, in which programming has been designed to provide integrated substance abuse treatment and mental health services. Findings from a national survey of program directors indicated that both intermediate and advanced COD treatment programs were similar in their general approach to substance abuse treatment, but differed considerably in their treatment of mental disorders, where the advanced programs employed significantly more evidence‐ and consensus‐based practices. Results provide support for the distinction between intermediate‐ and advanced‐level services for offenders with COD and support a typology that defines advanced programs as integrating a range of evidence‐ and consensus‐based practices so as to modify treatment sufficiently to address both diseases. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Treatment outcomes for female offenders: Relationship to number of Axis I diagnoses
Authors: Sacks Joann Y. , McKendrick Karen , Hamilton Zachary , Cleland Charles M. , Pearson Frank S. , Banks Steven
Published: August 2008

This article describes a study that examined the relationship between multiple Axis I mental health diagnoses and treatment outcomes for female offenders in prison substance abuse treatment programs. Preliminary findings of the effectiveness of therapeutic community (TC) treatment, modified for female offenders, relative to a control cognitive behavioral treatment condition, are presented. The hypothesis—that participants who fit into multiple diagnostic categories have more dysfunctional symptoms and behaviors at baseline—was confirmed; however, a hypothesized relationship between the number of Axis I diagnoses and 6 month treatment outcomes across five domains (mental health, trauma exposure, substance use, HIV needle risk behaviors, and HIV sexual risk) was not supported. Across all Axis I mental health groups, TC treatment was significantly more effective than the control condition overall, as well as on measures of mental health symptoms and HIV sexual risk. These findings suggest that this TC treatment program, as modified, is an effective model for women with varied diagnoses and diagnostic complexities. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of studies of co‐occurring disorder(s) in criminal justice and a research agenda
Authors: Sacks Stanley , Melnick Gerald , Grella Christine E.
Published: August 2008

The studies reported in this special issue were designed to take advantage of the unique opportunity that the Criminal Justice Drug Abuse Treatment Studies (CJDATS) cooperative provides to the systematic study of several key issues in programming for co‐occurring disorder(s) (COD) in the criminal justice system. These papers present findings from CJDATS studies pertaining to co‐occurring disorder(s), identify clinical initiatives to strengthen efforts to treat the population with co‐occurring disorder(s), and point to a direction for the elaboration of a future research agenda. Four key areas of investigation are presented: Screening and Diagnosis; the Relationship of Co‐Occurring Disorder(s) to Violence; Gender Differences; and the Delivery of Services for Co‐Occurring Disorder(s). The first section of this article summarizes the studies included in this special issue within the context of the research literature already available. The second section suggests a future research agenda for the study of offender populations with co‐occurring disorder(s), and concludes with a broad statement of clinical advancements to date. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A social agent pedestrian model
Authors: Park Andrew , Calvert Tom
Published: August 2008

This paper presents a social agent pedestrian model based on experiments with human subjects. Research studies of criminology and environmental psychology show that certain features of the urban environment generate fear in people, causing them to take alternate routes. The Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) strategy has been implemented to reduce fear of crime and crime itself. Our initial prototype of a pedestrian model was developed based on these findings of criminology research. In the course of validating our model, we constructed a virtual environment (VE) that resembles a well‐known fear‐generating area where several decision points were set up. 60 human subjects were invited to navigate the VE and their choices of routes and comments during the post interviews were analyzed using statistical techniques and content analysis. Through our experimental results, we gained new insights into pedestrians' behavior and suggest a new enhanced and articulated agent model of a pedestrian. Our research not only provides a realistic pedestrian model, but also a new methodology for criminology research. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hypercapnia protects erythrocytes against free radical damage induced by hypoxia in exposed rats
Authors: Skoumalová Alice , Herget Jan , Wilhelm Jiří
Published: August 2008

Several studies report that hypoxic exposure induces free radical oxidative damage in various tissues. The mechanism of this damage includes membrane lipid peroxidation which can be easily detected by measuring fluorescent end‐products of the process, i.e. lipofuscin‐like pigments. Four day exposure of rats to hypoxia (10% O2) increased the level of lipofuscin‐like pigments in erythrocytes up to 9 fold. This increase was completely prevented when the animals were exposed to hypercapnia (4.3% CO2) in addition to hypoxia. We studied the possible mechanism of the hypercapnic protection on isolated erythrocyte membranesin vitro. Lipid peroxidation was initiated by incubation of the membranes with iron ions and ascorbate. Production of malonaldehyde, the precursor of lipofuscin‐like pigments, was strongly inhibited in bicarbonate buffer. Similarly the production of lipofuscin‐like products was damped. These experiments suggest that the protective effect of hypercapnia might consist in direct interaction of CO2with free radical processes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Site‐Selective Blocking of PCR by a Caged Nucleotide Leading to Direct Creation of Desired Sticky Ends in The Products
Authors: Tanaka Keita , Katada Hitoshi , Shigi Narumi , Kuzuya Akinori , Komiyama Makoto
Published: August 2008

In order to terminate the polymerase reaction at a desired position, a caged thymine derivative—4‐O‐[2‐(2‐nitrophenyl)propyl]thymine—was incorporated into PCR primers. In the PCR cycles, the elongation of the nascent strand (5′→3′ direction) by polymerase was site‐selectively terminated at the 3′‐side of TNPP. Accordingly, predetermined protruding ends were obtained after the removal of the protecting group by short UVA irradiation. Recombinant vectors coding the GFP gene were successfully prepared by direct ligation of these light‐assisted cohesive‐ending PCR (LACE‐PCR) products with scission fragments obtained by use either of restriction enzymes or of artificial restriction DNA cutters and were used for transformation of E. coli.
Probing Metal Binding in the 8–17 DNAzyme by TbIII Luminescence Spectroscopy
Authors: Kim Hee‐Kyung , Li Jing , Nagraj Nandini , Lu Yi
Published: August 2008

Metal‐dependent cleavage activities of the 8–17 DNAzyme were found to be inhibited by TbIII ions, and the apparent inhibition constant in the presence of 100 μM of ZnII was measured to be 3.3±0.3 μM. The apparent inhibition constants increased linearly with increasing ZnII concentration, and the inhibition effect could be fully rescued with addition of active metal ions, indicating that TbIII is a competitive inhibitor and that the effect is completely reversible. The sensitized TbIII luminescence at 543 nm was dramatically enhanced when TbIII was added to the DNAzyme–substrate complex. With an inactive DNAzyme in which the GT wobble pair was replaced with a GC Watson–Crick base pair, the luminescence enhancement was slightly decreased. In addition, when the DNAzyme strand was replaced with a complete complementary strand to the substrate, no significant luminescence enhancement was observed. These observations suggest that TbIII may bind to an unpaired region of the DNAzyme, with the GT wobble pair playing a role. Luminescence lifetime measurements in D2O and H2O suggested that TbIII bound to DNAzyme is coordinated by 6.7±0.2 water molecules and two or three functional groups from the DNAzyme. Divalent metal ions competed for the TbIII binding site(s) in the order CoII>ZnII>MnII>PbII>CaII≈MgII. This order closely follows the order of DNAzyme activity, with the exception of PbII. These results indicate that PbII, the most active metal ion, competes for TbIII binding differently from other metal ions such as ZnII, suggesting that PbII may bind to a different site from that for the other metal ions including ZnII and TbIII.
Lewis Acid Catalyzed Cascade Reactions of Diarylvinylidenecyclopropanes and 1,1,3‐Triarylprop‐2‐yn‐1‐ols or Their Methyl Ethers
Authors: Shi Min , Yao Liang‐Feng
Published: August 2008

The reactions of vinylidenecyclopropanes 1 with 1,1,3‐triarylprop‐2‐yn‐1‐ols or their methyl ethers 2 in the presence of a Lewis acid selectively produce 4‐dihydro‐1H‐cyclopenta[b]naphthalene derivatives 3 or 1,2,3,8‐tetrahydrocyclopenta[a]indene derivatives 4 depending on the substituents on the cyclopropane. Good to high yields are obtained under mild conditions. A plausible cascade Meyer–Schuster rearrangement and Friedel–Crafts reaction mechanism has been proposed. Moreover, novel functionalized methylenecyclobutene derivatives 5 could also be obtained in moderate to good yields under similar conditions when strongly electron‐donating methoxy groups were introduced into the benzene rings of 2.
1,4‐Dicyanobenzene as a Scaffold for the Preparation of Bimetallic Actinide Complexes Exhibiting Metal–Metal Communication
Authors: Schelter Eric J. , Veauthier Jacqueline M. , Graves Christopher R. , John Kevin D. , Scott Brian L. , Thompson Joe D. , Pool‐Davis‐Tournear Jaime A. , Morris David E. , Kiplinger Jaqueline L.
Published: August 2008

Reaction of two equivalents of [(C5Me4Et)2U(CH3)(Cl)] (6) or [(C5Me5)2Th(CH3)(Br)] (7) with 1,4‐dicyanobenzene leads to the formation of the novel 1,4‐phenylenediketimide‐bridged bimetallic organoactinide complexes [{(C5Me4Et)2(Cl)U}2(μ‐{NC(CH3)‐C6H4‐(CH3)CN})] (8) and [{(C5Me5)2(Br)Th}2(μ‐{NC(CH3)‐C6H4‐ (CH3)CN})] (9), respectively. These complexes were structurally characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and NMR spectroscopy. Metal–metal interactions in these isovalent bimetallic systems were assessed by means of cyclic voltammetry, UV‐visible/NIR absorption spectroscopy, and variable‐temperature magnetic susceptibility. Although evidence for magnetic coupling between metal centers in the bimetallic UIV/UIV (5f2–5f2) complex is ambiguous, the complex displays appreciable electronic communication between the metal centers through the π system of the dianionic diketimide bridging ligand, as judged by voltammetry. The transition intensities of the f–f bands for the bimetallic UIV/UIV system decrease substantially compared to the related monometallic ketimide chloride complex, [(C5Me5)2U(Cl){‐NC(CH3)‐(3,4,5‐F3‐C6H2)}] (11). Also reported herein are new synthetic routes to the actinide starting materials [(C5Me4Et)2U(CH3)(Cl)] (6) and [(C5Me5)2Th(CH3)(Br)] (7) in addition to the syntheses and structures of the monometallic uranium complexes [(C5Me4Et)2UCl2] (3), [(C5Me4Et)2U(CH3)2] (4), [(C5Me4Et)2U{‐NC(CH3)‐C6H4‐CN}2] (10), and 11.
Designed Folding of Pseudopeptides: The Transformation of a Configurationally Driven Preorganization into a Stereoselective Multicomponent Macrocyclization Reaction
Authors: Alfonso Ignacio , Bolte Michael , Bru Miriam , Burguete M. Isabel , Luis Santiago V.
Published: August 2008

The efficient synthesis of large‐ring pseudopeptidic macrocycles through a multicomponent [2+2] reductive amination reaction is described. The reaction was entirely governed by the structural information contained in the corresponding open‐chain pseudopeptidic bis(amidoamine) precursors, which have a rigid (R,R)‐cyclohexane‐1,2‐diamine moiety. A remarkable match/mismatch relationship between the configurations of the chiral centers of the cyclic diamine and those of the peptidic frame was observed. The macrocyclic tetraimine intermediates have been studied in detail by NMR spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD), and molecular modeling, and the results support the appropriate preorganization induced by the match combination of the chiral centers. We have also synthesized the corresponding open‐chain bis(imine) model compounds. The structural studies (NMR spectroscopy, CD, modeling) of these systems showed an intrinsically lower reactivity of the mismatch combination, even when the product of the reaction was acyclic. In addition, a synergistic effect between the two chiral substructures for the correct folding of the molecules was observed. Finally, X‐ray analysis of the HCl salt of one of the macrocycles showed an interesting pattern; the macrocyclic rings stack in columnar aggregates leaving large interstitial channels filled with water‐solvated chloride anions.
Chiral Boron‐Bridged Bisoxazoline (Borabox) Ligands: Structures and Reactivities of Pd and Cu Complexes
Authors: Köhler Valentin , Mazet Clément , Toussaint Aurélie , Kulicke Klaus , Häussinger Daniel , Neuburger Markus , Schaffner Silvia , Kaiser Stefan , Pfaltz Andreas
Published: August 2008

Anionic boron‐bridged bisoxazolines (borabox ligands) have been synthesized and characterized in their protonated forms. The ligands are tuneable over a wide range, allowing either alkyl or aryl substituents at the oxazoline rings and the central bridging boron atom. The structural parameters of this new ligand type have been investigated by X‐ray analyses of palladium and copper complexes. Electronic properties have been studied by 13C NMR spectroscopy and by DFT calculations on palladium allyl complexes and compared to those of analogous bisoxazoline (box) complexes. Borabox complexes are more electron‐rich at the metal center than their neutral box congeners, and as a consequence of the longer bonds between the bridging atom and the oxazoline rings, their bite angles are larger. Palladium(II) complexes bearing an unsubstituted allyl ligand and homoleptic copper(II) complexes each possess an almost flat chelate ring. NMR analysis of a (1,3‐diphenylallyl)(borabox)palladium complex showed a 92:8 mixture of (syn,syn) and (anti,syn) allyl isomers, in contrast with a previously reported box analogue that existed exclusively in the (syn,syn) form. Comparison of the corresponding crystal structures revealed that the distance between the bisoxazoline and the allyl ligand in the borabox complex is shorter. In the copper‐catalyzed allylic oxidation of cyclohexene and cyclopentene with tert‐butyl perbenzoate, borabox ligands gave results similar—and in some cases superior—to those obtained with analogous box ligands.
Myoglobin Modification by Enzyme‐Generated Dopamine Reactive Species
Authors: Nicolis Stefania , Zucchelli Matteo , Monzani Enrico , Casella Luigi
Published: August 2008

The generation of reactive quinone species (DAQ) from oxidation of dopamine (DA) is involved in neurodegenerative pathologies like Parkinson's disease (A. Borta, G. U. Höglinger,J. Neurochem.2007,100, 587–595). The oxidation of DA to DAQ can occur either in a single two‐electron process or in two consecutive one‐electron steps, through semiquinone radicals, giving rise to different patterns of reactions. The former type of reaction can be promoted by tyrosinase, the latter by peroxidases in the presence of H2O2, which can be formed under oxidative stress conditions. Both enzymes were employed for the characterization of the thiol–catechol adducts formed by reaction of DA and cysteine or glutathione, and for the identification of specific amino acid residues modified by DAQs in two representative target proteins, human and horse heart myoglobin. Our results indicate that the cysteinyl–DA adducts are formed from the same quinone intermediate independently of the mechanism of DA oxidation, and that the hallmark of a radical mechanism is the formation of the cystine dimer. The reactivity of quinone species also controls the DA‐promoted derivatization of histidine residues in proteins. However, for the modification of the cysteine residue in human myoglobin, a radical intramolecular mechanism has been proposed, in which the protein acts both as the catalyst and target of the reaction. Most importantly, the modification of myoglobins through DAQ linkages, and in particular by DA oligomers, has dramatic effects on their stability, as it induces protein unfolding and incorporation into insoluble melanic precipitates.
Is there an Intrinsic Limit to the Size of 2D Supracrystals Built from Weakly Interacting Nanoparticles?
Authors: Amatore Christian
Published: August 2008

This work establishes that an extremely stringent, but dismissed thermodynamic condition governs the size of perfect 2D supracrystals that consist of weakly interacting nanoparticles. This severe condition is ultimately imposed by the large modulus of the negative entropy, which accumulates in any large defect‐free (or defectless) crystal, owing to the high demand for the precise ordering of its arrayed elements. This thermodynamic toll is especially difficult to compensate for when interaction enthalpies within the lattice and its underlying substrate are weak, as is required for these arrays, which are valuable for innovative applications such as optics, electronics and magnetism. This constraint is formulated here by a simple scale law which predicts the maximum size achievable for 2D supracrystals as a function of their surface and edge enthalpies. This scale law analysis is ultimately based on the recognition that the modulus of entropic contributions grows faster (as ln(N0!) in which N0 is the number of perfectly arrayed particles) than that of enthalpic ones (∝N0) when the size of any perfectly ordered structure increases. Hence, disorder must be introduced into the network to relax the entropic demand to allow sufficient stability. This intrinsic characteristic is shown to be extremely prohibitory if the enthalpic interactions between the arranged objects are close to the thermal quantum, as is imposed for the applications mentioned above. To substantiate this concept, we have evaluated the thermodynamics of 2D supracrystals composed of nanoparticles arranged into the most common crystallographic arrays (square, c, square‐centered, cc, or hexagonal, hex, lattices). The essentially identical results obtained for these there lattices establish that the scale law developed here is valid for most realistic lattices.
Tuning the Acyclic Ether Moiety of Anticancer Agent AA005 with Conformationally Constrained Fragments
Authors: Liu Hai‐Xia , Shao Fei , Li Gang‐Qin , Xun Guo‐Liang , Yao Zhu‐Jun
Published: August 2008

A new series of anticancer annonaceous acetogenin mimetics were designed, synthesized, and evaluated based on our previously developed compound AA005, in which a variety of conformationally constrained fragments were introduced. Parallel syntheses of all new compounds were accomplished by replacement of the acyclic bis‐ether functionality of AA005 with certain conformationally constrained fragments. Slight effects to the anticancer activity were exerted by altering stereochemistries in the middle modification region. Similar to AA005, most newly synthesized mimetics were found to exhibit potent activities against breast cancer cells, and showed satisfactory selectivities between cancerous and non‐cancerous cells. An N,N′‐dimethyl bis‐amide compound 67 exhibits 30 times more potency against MDA‐MB‐468 cells than its parent molecule AA005. This study indicates that the introduction of appropriate conformational constraints is a useful optimizing tool for this class of anticancer agents. Successes in the bis‐amide analogues of AA005 make this unique class of anticancer agents much simpler and more flexible for future further developments.
ChemInform Abstract: Investigation of Size‐Selective Zr2@Sin (n = 16—24) Caged Clusters.
Authors: Wang Jin , Liu Jin Huai
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure and Properties of SrAu3In3 and EuAu3In3 — New Indides with Gold Zig‐Zag Chains.
Authors: Muts Ihor R. , Schappacher Falko M. , Hermes Wilfried , Zaremba Vasyl' I. , Poettgen Rainer
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ternary Rare‐Earth Titanium Antimonides: Phase Equilibria in the Ln—Ti—Sb (Ln: La, Er) Systems and Crystal Structures of Ln2Ti7Sb12 (Ln: La, Ce, Pr, Nd) and LnTi3(SnxSb1‐x)4 (Ln: Nd, Sm).
Authors: Bie Haiying , Moore S. H. Devon , Piercey Davin G. , Tkachuk Andriy V. , Zelinska Oksana Ya. , Mar Arthur
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure and Phase Transitions of Sr2CdWO6.
Authors: Gateshki M. , Igartua J. M. , Faik A.
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Structure Type of Phosphate: Crystal Structure of Na2Zn5(PO4)4.
Authors: Ji L. N. , Ma H. W. , Li J. B. , Liang J. K. , Sun B. J. , Liu Y. H. , Zhang J. Y. , Rao G. H.
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on InFeMO4 (M: Mg, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn) Compounds: Crystal Structure and Cation Distribution.
Authors: Matvejeff M. , Linden J. , Karppinen M. , Yamauchi H.
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: (Mn1‐xPbx) Pb10+ySb12‐yS26‐yCl4+yO, a New Oxy‐Chloro‐Sulfide with ≈ 2 nm‐Spaced (Mn, Pb)Cl4 Single Chains within a Waffle‐Type Crystal Structure.
Authors: Doussier Charlotte , Moelo Yves , Leone Philippe , Meerschaut Alain
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Dimensions of the Ozonide Anion in M([18]crown‐6)O3×xNH3 with M = K (x = 2), Rb (x = 1) and Cs (x = 8).
Authors: Nuss Hanne , Nuss Juergen , Jansen Martin
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Bridgman Crystal Growth and Structure Refinement of YbPdGe and YbPtGe — Two Different Superstructures of the KHg2 Type.
Authors: Katoh Kenichi , Heying Birgit , Hoffmann Rolf‐Dieter , Rodewald Ute Ch. , Poettgen Rainer
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Symmetry, and Physical Properties of Cerium Pyrophosphate.
Authors: White K. M. , Lee P. L. , Chupas P. J. , Chapman K. W. , Payzant E. A. , Jupe A. C. , Bassett W. A. , Zha C.‐S. , Wilkinson A. P.
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Variable‐Temperature 17O NMR Study of Oxygen Motion in the Anionic Conductor Bi26Mo10O69.
Authors: Holmes Lesley , Peng Luming , Heinmaa Ivo , O'Dell Luke A. , Smith Mark E. , Vannier Rose‐Noelle , Grey Clare P.
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure, and Magnetic and Transport Behavior of Twinned Ce2Rh3(Pb,Bi)5.
Authors: Thomas Evan Lyle , Kim Moo Sung , Sokolov D. A. , Bennett Marcus C. , Aronson M. C. , Chan Julia Y.
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Temperature X‐Ray Diffraction and Specific Heat Studies on GdAlO3, Gd3Al5O12 and Gd4Al2O9.
Authors: Chaudhury Satyajeet , Parida S. C. , Pillai K. T. , Mudher K. D. Singh
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Diversity of Sodium.
Authors: Gregoryanz Eugene , Lundegaard Lars F. , McMahon Malcolm I. , Guillaume Christophe , Nelmes Richard J. , Mezouar Mohamed
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The 773 K Isothermal Section of the Nd—Ni—V Ternary System.
Authors: Wang Zhixin , Zhou Huiying , Wang Zhongmin , Yao Qingrong
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The 260 °C Phase Equilibria of the Sn—Sb—Ag Ternary System and Interfacial Reactions at the Sn—Sb/Ag Joints.
Authors: Lee Chiapyng , Lin Chung‐Yung , Yen Yee‐Wen
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure of a 1,6‐Hexyldiamine Heptaborate, [H3N(CH2)6NH3] [B7O10(OH)3].
Authors: Yang Sihai , Li Guobao , Tian Shujian , Liao Fuhui , Xiong Ming , Lin Jianhua
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Sr5Ge2N6 — A Nitridogermanate with Edge‐Sharing Double Tetrahedra.
Authors: Junggeburth Sebastian C. , Oeckler Oliver , Schnick Wolfgang
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Azido Complexes of Vanadium(IV) and Vanadium(V): (Ph4P)2 [VOCl2(μ‐N3)]2 and (Ph4P)2 [VOCl(μ‐N3)(N3)2]2.
Authors: Burghaus Olaf , Neumueller Bernhard , Dehnicke Kurt
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses and Crystal Structures of the Rhenium(VII) Nitride Chlorides ReNCl4 and ReNCl4×H2O.
Authors: Binder Anja , Maichle‐Moessmer Caecilia , Niquet Elke , Straehle Joachim
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Bidentate Bis(N‐Heterocyclic Carbene)‐Based Palladium Complexes Bearing Carboxylate Ligands: Highly Effective Catalysts for the Enantioselective Conjugate Addition of Arylboronic Acids to Cyclic Enones.
Authors: Zhang Tao , Shi Min
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Method of Preparation of C2F5Li and Its Reactions with Cyclic Imines and Lactims: Synthesis of α‐Pentafluoroethyl Proline.
Authors: Shevchenko Nikolay E. , Nenajdenko Valentine G. , Roeschenthaler Gerd‐Volker
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Intramolecular Hydroamination of Aminoalkynes Catalyzed by a Zirconium(IV) Complex.
Authors: Kim Hyunseok , Livinghouse Tom , Lee Phil Ho
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermal Oxidation of Tetracyclones (2,3,4,5‐Tetraarylcyclopentadienones).
Authors: Thiemann Thies , Iniesta Jesus , Walton David J.
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Mn‐Porphyrin Catalyzed Epoxidation of Alkenes with Polyvinylpyrrolidone‐Supported H2O2.
Authors: Zakavi Saeed , Abasi Azam , Pourali Ali Reza , Rayati Saeed
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.