The state of female reproductive health in a city with a large petrochemical complex
Authors: Karamova Lena M. , Gainullina Makhmuza K. , Basharova Guzel R. , Vlasova Natalya V. 
Published: August 2024

Introduction. The demographic situation in the country is characterized by a natural decline in the population, which determines the special importance of the protection of motherhood and childhood. The system of obstetrics largely affects the health status of the population and the future generation. Therefore, the study of the state of obstetrics has a high social significance and is relevant.
Purpose of the study. To assess the state of female reproductive health of the population living in a city with a large petrochemical complex.
Materials and methods. An analysis of primary digital data characterizing the intensive and extensive indicators of the state of obstetric care in the city of Salavat for 2020 was performed. According to the report of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Bashkortostan “The state of health of the population and the activities of medical institutions of the Republic of Bashkortostan in 2020” a comparative analysis was carried out.
Results. An analysis of the state of obstetric care in the city of Salavat showed that women began to give birth less, they interrupted one third of the onset
of pregnancies with abortions. The number of abortions per 1,000 women of childbearing age is 1.5 times higher than in the republic. Over the years, the number of abortions is growing against the background of their decline in the republic. Women who wish to give birth in the vast majority come under the supervision of an antenatal clinic until the 12-week gestation period. The results of the course of pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period, the absence of maternal mortality indicate to a high level of obstetric care. However, he draws attention to the fact that 45.6±1.5% of deliveries and the postpartum period proceeded against the background of complications, among which the most significant were anemia, premature rupture of the amniotic membrane, and violations of labour activity. Every third woman in labour underwent a caesarean section, every fifth - vacuum extraction. The health indicators of the fetus and newborn in the trend in years are improving and more favourable than in the republic as a whole, but 58.9±1.3% of neonates were born sick and fell ill. Mainly in the form of asphyxia during childbirth (18.6±1.2%) and infectious diseases (39.5±4.4%). Preterm infants get sick 2 times more often than full-term ones and the main reason is asphyxia during delivery and respiratory disorders over the perinatal period.
Limitations. The analysis of the primary digital values of obstetric care indicators of the forms of federal statistical observation and accounting of medical institutions in Salavat for 2020 was carried out.
Conclusion. More favourable health indicators of pregnant women, mothers, fetuses in Salavat in comparison with republican and all-Russian ones indicate to the high-quality, qualified obstetric care. The higher incidence of respiratory diseases in infants during the first year of life living in a city of large petrochemistry determines the need for special in-depth studies.