bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Academic Institutions in Community Disaster Response Since September 11, 2001
Authors: Dunlop Anne L. , Logue Kristi M. , Beltran Gerald , Isakov Alexander P.
Published: October 2011

Objective: To describe the role of academic institutions in the community response to Federal Emergency Management Agency–declared disasters from September 11, 2001, to February 1, 2009.

Methods: We conducted a review of the published literature and Internet reports to identify academic institutions that participated in the community response to disaster events between September 11, 2001, to February 1, 2009, inclusive. From retrieved reports, we abstracted the identity of the academic institutions and the resources and services each provided. We characterized the resources and services in terms of their contribution to established constructs of community disaster resilience and disaster preparedness and response.

Results: Between September 11, 2001, and February 1, 2009, there were 98 published or Internet-accessible reports describing 106 instances in which academic institutions participated in the community response to 11 Federal Emergency Management Agency–declared disaster events that occurred between September 11, 2001, and February 1, 2009. Academic institutions included academic health centers and community teaching hospitals; schools of medicine, nursing, and public health; schools with graduate programs such as engineering and psychology; and 4-year programs. The services and resources provided by the academic institutions as part of the community disaster response could be categorized as contributing to community disaster resilience by reducing the consequences or likelihood of an event or to specific dimensions of public health preparedness and response, or both. The most common dimensions addressed by academic institutions (in order of occurrence) were resource management, enabling and sustaining a public health response, information capacity management, and performance evaluation.

Conclusions: Since September 11, 2001, the participation of academic institutions in community disaster response has contributed to community resilience and the achievement of specific dimensions of disaster preparedness and response.

(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2011;5:218–226)
Mono‐ and Dinuclear Co/Ni Complexes Bearing Redox‐Active Tetrathiafulvaleneacetylacetonate Ligands – Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Properties
Authors: Xiong Jing , Li Gao‐Nan , Sun Lei , Li Yi‐Zhi , Zuo Jing‐Lin , You Xiao‐Zeng
Published: October 2011

A series of tetrathiafulvalene‐substituted acetylacetonate ligands (L1–L4) has been synthesized and characterized. Reaction of the ligands with (Tp)Co(OAc)(Hpz) and (Tp)Ni(OAc) [Tp = hydrotris(3,5‐diphenylpyrazol‐1‐yl)borate; Hpz = 3,5‐diphenylpyrazole] afforded eight new mono‐ or dinuclear complexes 1–8: TpML1 or (TpM)2L (M = Co, Ni; L = L2, L3 and L4). The crystal structures of L4 and 1–3, 5, and 6 were determined by X‐ray crystallography. The absorption spectra and redox behavior of these compounds have been studied. The optimized geometry and electron absorption spectrum of 2 were analyzed by DFT and time‐dependent (TD)‐DFT.
Altered brain activation during response inhibition in children with primary nocturnal enuresis: An fMRI study
Authors: Lei Du , Ma Jun , Du Xiaoxia , Shen Guohua , Tian Minlu , Li Gengying
Published: October 2011

Nocturnal enuresis is a common developmental disorder in children, and primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) is the dominant subtype. The main purpose of this study was to investigate brain functional abnormalities specifically related to motor response inhibition in children with PNE using fMRI in combination with a Go/NoGo task. Twenty‐two children with PNE and 22 healthy children, group‐matched for age and sex, took part in this experiment. Although no significant between‐group differences in task performance accuracy were observed, PNE patients showed significantly longer response times on average. There were several brain regions with reduced activation during motor response inhibition in children with PNE: the bilateral inferior frontal gyri, right superior and middle frontal gyri, right inferior parietal lobe, bilateral cingulate gyri and insula. Our data indicate that response inhibition in children with PNE is associated with a relative lack of or delay in the maturation of prefrontal cortex circuitry that is known to suppress inappropriate responses. This result might give clues to understanding the pathophysiology of PNE. Hum Brain Mapp, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A plug and play polymeric template driven by supramolecular interactions
Authors: Xiao Wang , Chen Wei‐Hai , Li Cao , Chen Jin‐Xiao , Zhang Xian‐Zheng , Zhuo Ren‐Xi
Published: October 2011

A new “plug and play” polymeric template with the driving force of host–guest interaction between β‐CD and naphthalene‐modified functional groups was designed and studied. Multiple functional groups can be loaded into the template directly and conveniently. Importantly, the “plug and play” effect of the polymeric template is reversible and the functional groups could be removed from the polymeric template conveniently by adding AD‐HCl. The studies on the cell viability and phagocytosis proved that the loading and unloading process of this template could be realized in vitro. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2012.
Similarity recognition of molecular structures by optimal atomic matching and rotational superposition
Authors: Helmich Benjamin , Sierka Marek
Published: October 2011

An algorithm for similarity recognition of molecules and molecular clusters is presented which also establishes the optimum matching among atoms of different structures. In the first step of the algorithm, a set of molecules are coarsely superimposed by transforming them into a common reference coordinate system. The optimum atomic matching among structures is then found with the help of the Hungarian algorithm. For this, pairs of structures are represented as complete bipartite graphs with a weight function that uses intermolecular atomic distances. In the final step, a rotational superposition method is applied using the optimum atomic matching found. This yields the minimum root mean square deviation of intermolecular atomic distances with respect to arbitrary rotation and translation of the molecules. Combined with an effective similarity prescreening method, our algorithm shows robustness and an effective quadratic scaling of computational time with the number of atoms. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011
Verification of DFT‐predicted hydrogen storage capacity of VC3H3 complex using molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Wadnerkar Nitin , Kalamse Vijayanand , Lee Shyi‐Long , Chaudhari Ajay
Published: October 2011

Density functional theory (DFT) and Fourth‐order Möller–Plesset (MP4) perturbation theory calculations are performed to examine the possibility of hydrogen storage in V‐capped VC3H3 complex. Stability of bare and H2 molecules adsorbed V‐capped VC3H3 complex is verified using DFT and MP4 method. Thermo‐chemistry calculations are carried out to estimate the Gibbs free corrected averaged H2 adsorption energy which reveals whether H2 adsorption on V‐capped VC3H3 complex is energetically favorable, at different temperatures. We use different exchange and correlation functionals employed in DFT to see their effect on H2 adsorption energy. Molecular dynamic (MD) simulations are performed to confirm whether this complex adsorbs H2 molecules at a finite temperature. We elucidate the correlation between H2 adsorption energy obtained from density functional calculations and retaining number of H2 molecules on VC3H3 complex during MDs simulations at various temperatures. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011
Structural analysis of zinc‐finger (TTK) + [Cu(BPA)]2+/[Cu(IDB)]2+ + DNA complexes: an investigation by molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Wang Yaru , Zhu Yanyan , Wang Yan , Chen Guangju
Published: October 2011

In the present study, the molecular dynamics simulation technique is employed to investigate the hydrogen abstraction possibility from sugar of DNA in two designed complexes of copper‐based chemical nuclease [Cu(BPA)]2+ bis(2‐pyridylmethyl) amine (BPA) or [Cu(IDB)]2+ N,N‐bis(2‐benzimidazolylmethyl) amine (IDB) bound to the zinc finger protein Tramtrack (TTK). The simulated results show that each of the designed complexes can form a stable conformation within 30 ns of simulation time with the substrate OOH− and an 18‐base pair (bp) DNA segment and is located in the major groove of the DNA segment. The active terminal O atom of the OOH− substrate is found in close proximity to the target C2′H, C3′H, C4′H or C5′H proton of the DNA in TTK + [Cu(BPA)OOH]+ + DNA or TTK + [Cu(IDB)OOH]+ + DNA complex, which is crucial to propose the hydrogen abstraction possibility that is responsible for the DNA cleavage. The positions of copper‐based chemical nucleases bound to TTK may substantially influence the hydrogen abstraction possibility. The structures and sizes of ligands in copper‐based nucleases are also found to have influence on the order of difficulty of the hydrogen abstraction from the sugars of DNA. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Selective recognition of sesamol using molecularly imprinted polymers containing magnetic wollastonite
Authors: Wang Xue , Pan Jianming , Guan Wei , Zou Xiaohua , Huo Pengwei , Yan Yongsheng , Hu Wei
Published: October 2011

The magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIPs) have been synthesized using piperonal molecules as dummy template and magnetic wollastonite composites as support. The resulting composites were applied to selective recognition of sesamol from aqueous solution. MMIPs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). MMIPs were demonstrated with an imprinted polymer film (90–100 nm) and exhibited magnetic property (Ms=8.60 emu/g) and thermal stability. The effective average diameter of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles was about 10 nm and the thickness of magnetic film was about 160 nm. Batch mode adsorption studies were carried out to investigate the specific adsorption equilibrium, kinetics and selective recognition. The Langmuir isotherm model was fitted to the equilibrium data better than the Freundlich model, and the kinetic properties were well described by the pseudo‐second‐order equation. The value of Ea in this study was 5.35 kJ/mol for MMIPs. In addition, the selective recognition experiments demonstrated that MMIPs have specific recognition ability toward sesamol.
Normative models in psychology are here to stay
Authors: Stanovich Keith E.
Published: October 2011

Elqayam & Evans (E&E) drive a wedge between Bayesianism and instrumental rationality that most decision scientists will not recognize. Their analogy from linguistics to judgment and decision making is inapt. Normative models remain extremely useful in the progressive research programs of the judgment and decision making field.
A role for normativism
Authors: Douven Igor
Published: October 2011

Elqayam & Evans (E&E) argue against prescriptive normativism and in favor of descriptivism. I challenge the assumption, implicit in their article, that there is a choice to be made between the two approaches. While descriptivism may be the right approach for some questions, others call for a normativist approach. To illustrate the point, I briefly discuss two questions of the latter sort.
Reason is normative, and should be studied accordingly
Authors: Spurrett David
Published: October 2011

Reason aims at truth, so normative considerations are a proper part of the study of reasoning. Excluding them means neglecting some of what we know or can discover about reasoning. Also, the normativist position we are asked to reject by Elqayam & Evans (E&E) is defined in attenuated and self-contradictory ways.
The “is-ought fallacy” fallacy
Authors: Oaksford Mike , Chater Nick
Published: October 2011

Mere facts about how the world is cannot determine how we ought to think or behave. Elqayam & Evans (E&E) argue that this “is-ought fallacy” undercuts the use of rational analysis in explaining how people reason, by ourselves and with others. But this presumed application of the “is-ought” fallacy is itself fallacious. Rational analysis seeks to explain how people do reason, for example in laboratory experiments, not how they ought to reason. Thus, no ought is derived from an is; and rational analysis is unchallenged by E&E's arguments.
Royal Paternalism with a Repressive Face: The Ideology of Poverty in Late Eighteenth-Century France
Authors: Olejniczak William
Published: October 2011

It is widely acknowledged that great numbers of the laboring poor experienced increasing immiseration throughout France after the 1760s. Less well known perhaps is the corresponding formation of an influential set of cultural constructions that shaped how the poor were understood. This framework, which might be called an “ideology of poverty,” is best seen in the widely diffused discourse on mendicity that appeared after midcentury. At its core stood the notion of the able-bodiedmendiant vagabond, or “beggar/vagrant,” who was characterized as a “professional” deviant with a full-blown menacing and illegalétat. This cultural construction provided the animating principle of the ideology that not only powerfully shaped royal and local strategies in treating the poor but also helped to screen out multicausal explanations of poverty and frustrate the development of a genuinely humane assistance program for all categories of poor.
Remaking Government Institutions in the 1970s: Participatory Democracy and the Triumph of Administrative Politics
Authors: Milkis Sidney M.
Published: October 2011

Interpreting the 1970s is a difficult business. On the one hand, reformers struggled earnestly and effectively to codify the exalted vision of a good society that was celebrated during the 1960s. And yet in doing so, they appeared to routinize rather than resolve the virulent conflicts of the previous decade. Scholars tend to agree that the reforms of the 1960s and 1970s marked a transformation of political life no less important than the Progressive Era and the New Deal. Unlike these earlier reform periods, however, the 1960s and 1970s did not embrace national administrative power as an agent of social and economic justice. Instead, reformers of the 1960s and 1970s championed “participatory democracy” and viewed the very concept of national governmental authority with deep suspicion. Indeed, Hugh Heclo characterizes the reform legacy of the 1960s and 1970s as one of intractable fractiousness, as a “postmodern” assault on the modern state forged on the anvil of reforms carried out during the Progressive and New Deal eras. “In the end, it appears that a great deal of postmodern policymaking is not really concerned with ‘making policy’ in the sense of finding a settled course of public action that people can live with,” he writes. “It is aimed at crusading for a cause by confronting power with power.”
A False Vision of Black Problems
Authors: Williams Walter E.
Published: October 2011

“Heirs of the Wizard” is a rather shallow attempt to dismiss the contributions of Walter E. Williams, Thomas Sowell, and Shelby Steele to issues surrounding race. Clarence E. Walker's misunderstanding of issues discussed by Sowell and Williams is captured by his phrase “practices that raise questions about Williams's faith in the market.” Speaking for myself, and probably Sowell, it is not a faith in the market as much as evidence about the market upon which we rely.
The Conundrum of Refugee Protection in Canada: From Control to Compliance to Collective Deterrence
Authors: Hathaway James C.
Published: October 2011

Canadian policy on the protection of refugees has evolved through three distinct traditions. During the first era, refugee protection was constructed as a matter of immigration control. Indeed, until the middle of the twentieth century, Canada had no law or policy specifically oriented to the admission of refugees. Refugees simply applied for permission to enter Canada under the auspices of the general immigration scheme, the primary purpose of which was to promote domestic economic interests. The erosion of this historical view of refugees as immigrants has occurred only gradually, such that even today most refugees protected by Canada must meet immigration selection criteria, in addition to showing that they are at risk in their home country.
Introduction
Authors: Melosi Martin V.
Published: October 2011

Social scientists Lawrence J. R. Herson and John M. Bolland describe the connection between the city as government and the city as an urban place in terms of “rules that direct and constrain behavior on behalf of the collective good; services that make collective living possible; and money—raised through taxes—that pays the people who enforce the rules and provide city services.”
Chicago Influences on the War on Poverty
Authors: Cazenave Noel A.
Published: October 2011

The most controversial component of the War on Poverty in the 1960s was its Community Action Program (CAP). Controversy resulted largely from the CAP because it employed activist professionals, mandated massscale resident participation, and encouraged federal-agency-sponsored institutional conflict as a mechanism for social reform. These strategies were tested earlier in the Mobilization for Youth program founded in the late 1950s, and in the early 1960s in the Ford Foundation Gray Areas programs and the President's Committee on Juvenile Delinquency projects. Indeed, the basic models of social expertise and community action employed in those programs were used in Chicago two decades before.
Down in the Dumps: Is There a Garbage Crisis in America?
Authors: Melosi Martin V.
Published: October 2011

The pariah garbage barge on a two-month odyssey with 3,100 tons of unwanted trash drew throngs of sightseers and reporters Sunday as it anchored just outside New York Harbor while city officials decide its fate.

The trek of the Mobro is well known. On 22 March 1987 the fully loaded garbage barge left Islip, New York, looking for a landfill that would take its unwanted cargo. Five states—North Carolina, Louisiana, Alabama, Mississippi, and Florida—as well as three countries, Mexico, Belize, and the Bahamas, had banned the barge from unloading. Reluctantly, the captain turned the Mobro toward home, where it received an unceremonious, and dispirited, welcome.
A Reply to William Becker
Authors: Keller Morton
Published: October 2011

I am of course pleased that Professor Becker finds my view of the character and sources of early twentieth-century American economic policy to be “well supported” by the evidence. I value the fact that he does not regard as heresy my failing to call the American economy “corporate” and regulation “corporatist” or “corporate liberal.” And I appreciate his recognition that my book deals with more than that old standby big-business-and-antitrust: that it talks about the impact of new technology (radio, the movies, airplanes, telephones, electricity, motor vehicles) on regulatory policy; about the regulation of farm prices and natural resources; about urban housing and zoning; about labor and taxation and tariffs and banking and investment—in short, about a complex and rapidly changing regulatory order, and not just government and big business.
The extended surface forces apparatus. IV. Precision static pressure control
Authors: Schurtenberger E. , Heuberger M.
Published: October 2011

We report on design and performance of an extended surface forces apparatus (eSFA) built into a pressurized system. The aim of this instrument is to provide control over static pressure and temperature to facilitate direct surface force experiments in equilibrium with fluids at different loci of their phase diagram. We built an autoclave that can bear a miniature eSFA. To avoid mechanical or electrical feedtroughs the miniature apparatus uses an external surface coarse approach stage under ambient conditions. The surface separation is thus pre-adjusted to approximately ∼3 μm before sliding the apparatus into the autoclave. Inside the autoclave, the surface separation can be further controlled with a magnetic drive at sub-Ångstrom precision over a 14 μm range. The autoclave pressure can then be set and maintained between 20 mbar and 170 bars with few mbar precision. The autoclave is connected to a specially designed pressurization system to precondition the fluids. The temperature can be controlled between −20 and 60 °C with few mK precision. We demonstrate the operation of the instrument in the case of gaseous or liquid carbon dioxide. Thanks to a consequent decoupling of the eSFA mechanical loop from the autoclave structure, the obtained measurement stability and reproducibility, at elevated pressures, is comparable to the one established for the conventional eSFA, operated under ambient conditions.
Health‐related quality of life after radical retropubic prostatectomy and permanent prostate brachytherapy: A 3‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Hashine Katsuyoshi , Yuasa Akihito , Shinomori Kensuke , Ninomiya Iku , Kataoka Masaaki , Yamashita Natsumi
Published: October 2011

Objectives:  To examine quality of life (QOL) for 3 years after radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) or permanent prostate brachytherapy (PPB) and to determine differences between the two procedures.

Methods:  In all 107 patients who underwent RRP and 91 who received PPB between October 2005 and July 2007 were included in this study. QOL surveys were performed using the international prostate symptom score (IPSS), the Medical Outcome Study 8‐items short form health survey and the expanded prostate cancer index composite at baseline and 1, 3, 6, 12 and 36 months after treatment.

Results:  At 3 years, all parameters for general QOL and almost all for disease‐specific QOL were similar to those at 12 months. Urinary continence after RRP slightly improved from 12 months to 3 years, but it was still significantly worse than that after PPB. Scores for urinary irritation or obstruction and for bowel function and bother at 3 years were similar between the two groups. Sexual function and bother did not change between 12 months and 3 years in either group. Sexual function at 3 years after RRP was worse than that after PPB. Recovery from urinary incontinence and sexual function after RRP with nerve sparing were similar to those after PPB. Urinary incontinence at 3 years correlated with the treatment method and patients' age, whereas urinary irritation/obstruction and urinary bother correlated with the pre‐treatment IPSS.

Conclusion:  QOL assessment represents an important issue in prostate cancer management. Our findings are likely to be of aid in the development of a treatment plan for prostate cancer patients.
Principles, current status and clinical implications of ischaemic heart disease assessment by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Chan W. , Ellims A. H. , Duffy S. J. , Kaye D. M. , Taylor A. J.
Published: October 2011

Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) has matured into a robust, accurate and highly reproducible imaging modality for the assessment of cardiac function and ischaemic heart disease. The unique physical properties of CMR permit depiction of pathology‐specific tissue contrast based on differences in tissue composition, such as myocardial oedema, necrosis and fibrosis. This can be imaged at high spatial resolution allowing characterisation of the acuity of an ischaemic event, the presence and extent of myocardial ischaemia, necrosis and viability. Prognostically important information obtained from CMR evaluation of ischaemic heart disease, such as left ventricular ejection fraction, infarct size and transmurality, infarct location and the presence of intraventricular mechanical dyssynchrony may be used to guide coronary revascularisation, device and medical therapies.
Stillbirths in a referral medical college hospital, West Bengal, India: A ten‐year review
Authors: Bhattacharyya Raghunath , Pal Amitava
Published: October 2011

Aim:  To evaluate the stillbirth rate, its major demographic and obstetric risk factors and its trend in a referral teaching hospital.

Material and Methods:  A hospital‐based cross‐sectional retrospective study of stillbirths was done among all deliveries over a decade from January 1999 to December 2008. The stillbirth rate and its changing trends over 10 years were evaluated and its associated risk factors were also assessed.

Results:  The stillbirth rate in the present study decreased from 44.87 per 1000 total births in 1999–2003 to 24.15 per 1000 total births in 2004–2008. Maternal age over 35 years, pregnant women having parity ≥ 4, lower socioeconomic status and poor antenatal check up were responsible for highest number of stillbirths. Other associated risk factors responsible for stillbirths were antepartum hemorrhage (8.35%), medical diseases of mother (8.00%), severe prematurity (7.34%), birth trauma (3.12%) and intrapartum asphyxia (16.73%). Thirty‐six percent of the stillbirths occurred at term and 27% at 34–36 weeks of pregnancy. Only 2% of fetuses had congenital anomalies. Incidence of fresh stillbirth was high. Lower segment cesarean section rate was 16%.

Conclusion:  Poor antenatal check‐up, lower socioeconomic status and weak referral facilities were the major factors responsible for stillbirths. Most of the stillbirths were preventable by improving women's education and compliance to antenatal care. So proper antenatal care, prompt referral services and availability of emergency obstetric care will provide a pivotal role for reduction of stillbirths.
Perceptions of the physical attractiveness of the self, current romantic partners, and former partners
Authors: SWAMI VIREN , ALLUM LUCY
Published: October 2011

Swami, V. & Allum, L. (2012). Perceptions of the physical attractiveness of the self, current romantic partners, and former partners. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 53, 89–95.

This study examined ratings of physical attractiveness of the self and former and current partners. A total of 304 participants completed measures of attractiveness, relationship satisfaction, love dimensions, self‐esteem and sociosexual orientation. Consistent with previous work, results showed that participants rated their current partners as more attractive than themselves and their former partners. However, results also showed that former partners were rated as more attractive than the self on a number of bodily characteristics. Finally, results showed that ratings of former partner physical attractiveness were associated with passion for the former partner, self‐esteem, sociosexual orientation, and attributions of relationship termination. These results are discussed in relation to the available literature on positive illusions in intimate relationships.
Panic in the ER: Maternal Drug Use, the Right to Bodily Integrity, Privacy, and Informed Consent
Authors: WOLFF KRISTINA B.
Published: October 2011

In the early 1980s, the U.S. government began to address the issue of substance use during pregnancy. Attention to this issue was ushered to the forefront of health‐care debates due to the belief that the nation was gripped in an epidemic of “crack babies” (children born addicted to crack cocaine). Many involved in developing policy addressing this issue called for harsh measures as an attempt to curtail a possible crisis involving thousands of children. This case study expands existing research through examining the events which led to two significant court cases in South Carolina. The first involves the establishment of fetal rights in the state and the other resulted in the strengthening of an individual's right to privacy and bodily integrity in the United States. The study also outlines the effectiveness of the creation of a moral panic to adopt politically controversial and questionably constitutional social policy.

A principios de 1980 el gobierno de los Estado Unidos comenzó a tomar medidas respecto al uso de sustancias durante el embarazo. La atención a este tema fue dirigida al frente de los debates sobre salud pública debido a que la nación fue tomada por una epidemia de “bebes del crack:” niños adictos al crack desde el nacimiento. Muchas de las personas encargadas de desarrollar políticas para resolver el problema solicitaron medidas más estrictas en un esfuerzo por contener una posible crisis que involucraría a miles de niños. Este estudio expande la literatura existente analizando los eventos que dieron pauta a dos casos de corte en Carolina del Sur. El primero involucra el establecimiento de derechos del feto en dicho estado y el segundo resultó en el fortalecimiento de los derechos de privacidad e integridad física del individuo en los Estados Unidos. Así mismo, este estudio hace un planteamiento sobre la efectividad de crear pánico moral para adoptar políticas sociales controversiales y constitucionalmente cuestionables.
Understanding Japan's International Development NGO Policy: Domestic Interpretations, Identities, and Interests
Authors: Lee Jooyoun
Published: October 2011

This article examines why Japan decided to promote an international development nongovernmental organization (IDNGO) policy in 1989. While Reimann's 2003 and 2010 analyses argue that international norms and pressure account for the establishment of this policy, I find that domestic actors' interpretations and policy processes significantly contributed to producing it. I argue that the IDNGO policy reflects a shift in policy‐makers' perceptions of Japanese identity from a “merchant nation” to a “leader.” This reconstruction entails new sets of interests regarding building a positive global reputation and friendly relationships not only with other states, but also with “grassroots” citizens at home and abroad. This study highlights that identity is changeable and that domestic policy processes and actors need to be taken into more serious consideration. Demonstrating the importance of NGOs and grassroots people in constructing Japanese state identity, this article suggests that targets of recognition in international relations go beyond the state level.
A1 Developing a prioritised vehicle equipment check-sheet (VECS): a modified Delphi Study
Authors: Duncan E , Fitzpatrick D
Published: October 2011

Background

The number, type; and complexity of equipment carried on frontline ambulances is increasing each year. Whilst this enhances the range of prehospital interventions available, it also results in lengthy equipment checks which, on occasion, are interrupted by emergency calls. This can lead to ambulances arriving at an incident without vital equipment, or with equipment that malfunctions. Although equipment check-sheets have previously been developed to support ambulance clinicians, an informal audit of Scottish Ambulance Service practice indicated that these were outdated, un-prioritised and not in routine use.

Methods

Aim: To develop a prioritised vehicle equipment check-sheet for routine use. Participants: 99 ambulance clinicians were purposively selected and invited to participate. Design: A modified Delphi study was undertaken. A list of all routine ambulance equipment was collated and developed into the initial Delphi study questionnaire. Participants were then asked to prioritise each item (on a scale from 1 [low priority] to 7 [high priority]) in two rounds. The questionnaire was distributed and returned by email. Analysis: Means and Standard Deviations were calculated for each item from round two.

Results

27 participants completed both rounds of data collection. Items which were required for life saving intervention rated the highest. These were followed by items relating to personal protection and infection control.

Conclusions and Recommendations

This study has enabled the development of a prioritised vehicle equipment check-sheet with high face validity. Its prioritised nature means that vital equipment is accounted for first, ensuring their presence and functionality even if the vehicle is dispatched before a full check can be completed. The check-sheet is now being introduced throughout the Scottish Ambulance Service and would have applicability to other emergency medical services.
A14 Involving service users in prehospital emergency care through TRUST
Authors: Evans A , Snooks H , Thomas G , Porter A , Gaze S
Published: October 2011

Background

Service user involvement in health and social care policy-making and research is increasingly encouraged to improve research quality, relevance and accountability. There are particular challenges when involving people in prehospital care research: it is a dynamic and urgent service delivery context; there are no obvious patient groups from which to recruit service users and anyone could be affected by an unplanned illness, accident or assault. TRUST (Thematic Research group for UnScheduled, emergency and Trauma care) is the only UK research network with an exclusive remit of research of emergency and unscheduled care. We wanted to involve service users in developing and undertaking research.

Method

We recruited patients and carers through the Involving People network and Long Term Conditions Alliance Cymru. People with experience of emergency care or a condition at risk of requiring emergency care were included. We supported with information and expenses.

Results

Service users are involved at four levels of TRUST activity.

At least two people sit on TRUST's advisory group to consider strategic and operational issues.

Service users attend research development groups. Examples include: involvement in a bid to evaluate an electronic patient record form; chronic conditions patients and carers research group; emergency care of stroke workshop.

Service users join research management groups on funded TRUST-linked projects. TRUST supports researchers to sustain involvement, for example, SAFER (999 care for older people who fall) trials (1 & 2), PRISM (predictive risk stratification in primary care) evaluation.

Service users are involved in data analysis and developing research papers (Patient experience study, chronic conditions policy evaluation).

Discussion

Patients and carers have experience and knowledge relevant to developing and undertaking prehospital research. TRUST coordinates and supports service user involvement in research in this field. Service users have fed their views into meetings covering project-specific and strategic topics at all stages of the research process.
A7 “Near miss” poisonings: a national picture
Authors: Thomas G , Snooks H
Published: October 2011

Introduction

Non-fatal poisoning is one of the commonest reasons for general hospital admission in the UK. We know that following an episode of non-fatal poisoning people are at increased risk of suffering a fatal overdose within a short time period. Little is known about clinical, demographic and geographical epidemiology of non-fatal poisonings. In this paper we present findings from a national “snapshot” observational study of 999 calls and attendances for non-fatal poisonings in Wales.

Aims

In order to better understand the clinical epidemiology of and information related to non-fatal poisonings we describe, at national level:

information pathway for the identification and retrieval of data about non-fatal poisonings attended by emergency ambulance crews

patterns of presentation of non-fatal poisonings for which 999 calls are made

Methods

Observational data related to non-fatal poisonings in Wales were retrospectively collected for the period December 2007–February 2008 from:

ambulance call centre records (dispatch codes)

Patient Clinical Records (PCR) completed by attending ambulance crews.

Cases identified through dispatch data were matched with PCR data; clinical and demographic data were obtained from the PCRs.

Results

A total of 92 331 999 calls were made during the study period of which 3923 were coded in the 999 call centre as overdose/poisoning (4.2%). During the same period 1827 PCR forms categorised as overdose by attending ambulance staff were identified through a manual process. 1287 of these matched with calls identified from call centre data (26.18%). Of the calls categorised by crews as overdose [Paracetamol (23.9%, 438/1827), antidepressants (15.5%, 285/1827) and benzodiazepines (14.4%, 264/1827)] were the most frequently taken drugs. Over half (1072/1827) had taken more than one substance, although this was not spread evenly among the drug groups. The mean age of cases was 34 years (SD 15.4) and cases were predominantly female (54.24%, 991/1827). Incidents were spread across Wales with concentrations in industrial urban south Wales, particularly of heroin overdoses. Cardiff: (16.5%, 302/1827) poisonings, (17.2%, 16/93) heroin poisonings; Swansea: (15.4%, 281/1827) poisonings, (25.8%, 24/93) heroin poisonings.

Conclusion

We have reported new data related to patterns of presentation of non-fatal poisoning, allowing improvements in the management of this patient group. However, current 999 clinical and management information systems do not allow routine identification of these cases, limiting ability to monitor impact of changes in care provided.
A8 Trauma systems: the anticipated impact of trauma divert in the North East
Authors: Moy R , Denning J , Han K
Published: October 2011

Introduction

The advent of the new Trauma Network system will drive significant changes in the transport of trauma patients. We aimed to find out what the impact of the new trauma network would be on the two prospective trauma centres in the Northern region, in terms of increased workload. This could allow the centres to gain additional resources to provide care for these patients.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective audit of all trauma patients conveyed by North East Ambulance service during the month of October 2009. These patients were then assessed by the London Ambulance Service Trauma Divert Criteria. Any patients who would have bypassed their local hospital, and been taken to the nearest trauma centre were identified. Also identified were any patients at risk of airway compromise, who would have been transported to the nearest ED for stabilisation and secondary transfer. Patients transported by air ambulance were excluded, as they are already taken to the Trauma Centres.

Results

3500 patients were identified during the initial search. Of these, 70 met the criteria for bypass, although 16 were transported to trauma centres as the nearest hospitals. 54 were transported to their nearest hospital, although under the criteria used, would have been taken to a trauma centre. 8 met the criteria for transfer to the nearest hospital, for airway protection. Based on geography of receiving hospital, we estimate that an additional 17 patients would have gone to James Cook University Hospital, and 29 to Newcastle General Hospital.

Conclusion

We conclude that introduction of the bypass guidelines would lead to an additional 46 patients being taken to a trauma centre in that month. This suggests that specific arrangements may need to be made to deal with the extra workload, and further investment may be required.
Óriás gátori fibrolipoma mint ritka gátori daganat műtéti eltávolítása
Authors: Németh Tibor , Géczi Tibor , Tiszlavicz László , Wolfárd Antal , Lázár György , Furák József
Published: October 2011

Absztrakt

A szerzők bemutatják a gátorban ritkán előforduló óriási fibrolipoma kezelésének diagnosztikai és terápiás lépéseit, illetve a műtét utáni időszak eseményeit. 54 éves férfi betegnél a műtét előtt liposarcomának diagnosztizált tumort az 5200 g-os súly és a 42×35×23 cm-es méret ellenére sikerült kiterjesztett posterolateralis thoracotomiából in toto eltávolítani. A tüdő tartós kompressziója miatt az első műtétet követően tüdőtágulási zavart észleltünk, a tüdő teljes kitágulását ismételt műtéttel tudtuk elérni. A végleges szövettan primer gátori fibrolipoma lett. Kontroll-mellkasröntgenfelvételeken a gátor eltolódása fokozatosan megszűnt, és a beteg panaszai jelentős mértékben csökkentek. A 12. műtét utáni napon otthonába bocsátottuk.
Numerical prediction for corrosion-induced concrete crack width
Authors: Yang Shangtong , Li Chun-Qing
Published: October 2011

Corrosion-induced deterioration of reinforced concrete structures results in premature concrete cracking and spalling, leading to ultimate structural collapse. In practice concrete crack width is one of the most important criteria for the assessment of the serviceability of concrete structures. It is therefore desirable to have knowledge of the growth of the crack width over time so that better-informed decisions can be made concerning the repairs due to concrete cracking. Literature review shows that little research has been undertaken on numerical prediction of concrete crack width. The intention of this study was to develop a numerical method to predict corrosion-induced concrete cracking and crack width for corrosion-affected concrete structures. A cohesive crack model for concrete is presented and direct tension tests on concrete are carried out to determine accurate concrete properties. Worked examples show that the numerical results are in good agreement with the analytical results. It can be concluded that the numerical method developed in the paper can predict corrosion-induced concrete cracking and crack width with reasonable accuracy.
Les distributeurs à la conquête de la légitimité territoriale : le cas Carrefour
Authors: Beylier René Pierre , Messeghem Karim , Fort Fatiha
Published: October 2011

Résumé Au-delà des objectifs marketing généralement associés à la création d’une marque (en termes d’image, de fidélisation, de marges...), les MDD terroir participent à la construction d’une certaine légitimité perçue des distributeurs. Le concept de la MDD terroir est simple : il s’agit de regrouper sous une marque MDD ombrelle plusieurs spécialités régionales répondant à un cahier des charges relativement strict basé sur la culture, la tradition et le savoir-faire des PME. Chaque distributeur choisit dans un terroir donné une PME qui se chargera de fabriquer le produit. Le réseau de PME ainsi créé est composé d’entreprises dont la légitimité territoriale est bien construite. La MDD terroir peut ainsi être considérée comme un facteur de transmission de la légitimité territoriale des PME vers le distributeur. Ce papier mobilise l’approche néo-institutionnelle, pour étudier l’effet des MDD terroir sur le processus de légitimité des distributeurs. La quête de reconnaissance par la société est appréhendée à travers la notion de légitimité territoriale. Notre réflexion s’appuie sur une étude de cas de la marque Reflets de France du groupe Carrefour. Les résultats d’une étude quantitative auprès de 196 consommateurs, valident l’image terroir des produits Reflets de France et mettent en évidence les liens positifs entre attitude envers la marque Reflets de France et la légitimité perçue de l’enseigne.
Les pratiques de négociation à l'épreuve du droit
Authors: Attuel-Mendes Laurence , Notebaert Jean-François
Published: October 2011

Résumé Cet article propose d’exposer quelles ont été les pratiques mises en place par les distributeurs et les fournisseurs en application de la réforme de 2008 (LME) et d’analyser les risques juridiques encourus en matière de distribution ainsi que ceux de déréférencement. Pour cela, un outil de simplification de lecture est fourni, permettant de savoir d’un coup d’œil quelle sanction est applicable à quelle pratique illicite.
Les méthodes réflexives en psychothérapie systémique : entre recherche et clinique
Authors: Auberjonois Katharina , Tettamanti Manuel , De Vincenzi Annie , Bischoff Michelle , Reverdin Benoit , Charmillot Aude , Favez Nicolas , Rey-Bellet Philippe
Published: October 2011

Les auteurs, membres de la consultation pour Familles et Couples du département de psychiatrie des HUG à Genève, présentent dans ce texte leur manière d’articuler recherche et clinique dans le cadre d’une recherche menée sur les méthodes réflexives en psychothérapie systémique. Cet article expose la nature de cette recherche et la manière dont l’interview réflexive, développée dans ce cadre, est utile à la pratique clinique. Cet article explicite la démarche et en donne une illustration clinique.
Pilot Study Using Hair Nicotine Feedback to Reduce Latino Children's Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure
Authors: Woodruff Susan I. , Conway Terry L. , Elder John P. , Hovell Melbourne F.
Published: October 2011

Purpose.

This was a pilot study to assess the usability and impact of a feedback-based environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) reduction approach for Latino families.

Design.

A one-group, pre-post design was used.

Methods.

Information from hair samples from children analyzed for nicotine was used to create three feedback versions presented in a counterbalanced fashion. The intervention was conducted by a promotora in the participants' homes, with mailed materials and over the phone. Fifty Latino parent-child pairs were recruited. Parents were Spanish-speaking smoking adults (typically the mother) who reported exposing their children to ETS. Intervention efforts included home visits to provide nicotine feedback and counseling, two mailers presenting alternative versions of the feedback, and a supportive telephone call delivered over a 6-week period. Pre-post assessments conducted by a bicultural measurement technician measured parent reports of children's ETS exposure and children's hair nicotine. Parents' liking/usability of the three feedback formats was measured at the post-assessment. Paired t-tests assessed pre-post changes in exposure outcomes.

Results.

Parents' reports of exposure and children's hair nicotine levels showed statistically significant reductions. Parents liked all three feedback formats, particularly a comparative graphic format.

Conclusions.

Consistency of the positive findings suggests that this feedback approach to ETS reduction warrants further study with a more rigorous design.
Improved methodology to measure taxon‐specific phosphate uptake in live and unfiltered samples
Authors: Talarmin Agathe , Van Wambeke France , Duhamel Solange , Catala Philippe , Moutin Thierry , Lebaron Philippe
Published: October 2011

Microorganisms play a major role in the marine phosphate biogeochemical cycle but the relative contribution of picoplanktonic groups is not well understood. Previous studies have shown that combining uptake measurements of radiolabeled dissolved inorganic phosphate (Pi) substrate with cell sorting by flow cytometry is a powerful tool for the assessment of Pi fluxes at the cell‐specific level. Nevertheless, using 33P to trace Pi uptake, we show that treatments involving fixation and filtration of the sorted groups (i.e., heterotrophic prokaryotes, Synechococcus and piconanophytoeukaryotes) induce leakage of radioactive Pi (up to 50% of the signal), resulting in a sizeable underestimation of the taxon‐specific Pi uptake. We suggest an alternative protocol, which significantly reduces this bias. Using this optimized protocol, the samples were treated with an excess of nonradioactive Pi to stop the incubation and sorted fractions were directly collected in microtubes for radioactivity counting, avoiding signal loss due to filtration. Sorted groups were strongly and differently impacted by fixation (0.5% PFA), with the exception of Synechococcus cells, which showed once a 10% lower signal in samples treated with the previously used protocols compared with samples treated with ours. Based on the integrity of the live sorted cells, our improved protocol provides reproducible and accurate estimations of the taxon‐specific Pi uptake (≤ 11% variation on cellular uptake rates, sd/average, n = 69). It was successfully applied to P‐depleted oligotrophic seawater samples from the Mediterranean and will allow a comparison of taxon‐specific uptake rates between sites.