bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Limitations of the 1 % experiment as the benchmark idealized
experiment for carbon cycle intercomparison in C4MIP
Authors: MacDougall Andrew H.
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Idealized climate change simulations are used as benchmark experiments to facilitate the comparison of ensembles of climate models. In the Fifth Assessment Report of the IPCC the 1 % per yearly compounded change in atmospheric CO2 concentration experiment was used to compare Earth System Models with full representations of the global carbon cycle (C4MIP). However this ``1 % experiment'' was never intended for such a purpose and implies a rise in atmospheric CO2 concentration at double the rate of the instrumental record. Here we examine this choice by using an intermediate complexity climate model to compare the 1 % experiment to an idealized CO2 pathway derived from a logistic function. The comparison shows that the logistic experiment has three key differences from the 1 % experiment. (1) The Logistic experiment exhibits a transition of the land biosphere from a carbon sink to a carbon source, a feature absent from the 1 % experiment. (2) The ocean uptake of carbon comes to dominate the carbon cycle as emissions decelerate, a feature that cannot be captured by the 1 % experiment as emissions always accelerate in that experiment. (3) The permafrost carbon feedback to climate change in the 1 % experiment is less than half the strength of the feedback seen in the logistic experiment. The logistic experiment also allows smooth transition to zero or negative emission states, allowing these states to be examined without sharp discontinuities in CO2 emissions. The protocol for the CMIP6 iteration of C4MIP again sets the 1 % experiment as the benchmark experiment for model intercomparison, however clever use of the Tier 2 experiments may alleviate some of the limitations outlined here. Given the limitations of the 1 % experiment as the benchmark experiment for carbon cycle intercomparisons, adding a logistic or similar idealized experiment to the protocol of the CMIP7 iteration of C4MIP is recommended.
Hess Opinions: An interdisciplinary research agenda to explore the unintended consequences of structural flood protection
Authors: Di Baldassarre Giuliano , Kreibich Heidi , Vorogushyn Sergiy , Aerts Jeroen , Arnbjerg-Nielsen Karsten , Barendrecht Marlies , Bates Paul , Borga Marco , Botzen Wouter , Bubeck Philip , De Marchi Bruna , Llasat Carmen , Mazzoleni Maurizio , Molinari Daniela , Mondino Elena , Mård Johanna , Petrucci Olga , Scolobig Anna , Viglione Alberto , Ward Philip J.
Published: July 2018

Abstract. One common approach to cope with floods is the implementation of structural flood protection measures, such as levees or flood-control reservoirs, which substantially reduce the probability of flooding at the time of implementation. Numerous scholars have problematized this approach. They have shown that increasing the levels of flood protection can attract more settlements and high-value assets in the areas protected by the new measures. Other studies have explored how structural measures can generate a sense of complacency, which can act to reduce preparedness. These paradoxical risk changes have been described as levee effect, safe development paradox or safety dilemma. In this commentary, we briefly review this phenomenon, by critically analysing the intended benefits and unintended effects of flood protection with two main examples, and then propose an interdisciplinary research agenda to uncover these paradoxical dynamics of risk.
Defining and analyzing the frequency and severity of flood events to improve risk management from a reinsurance standpoint
Authors: Morrill Elliott P. , Becker Joseph F.
Published: July 2018

Abstract. The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) debt has accelerated research
into private flood insurance options. Offering this coverage begins with the
ability to transfer the risk to the reinsurance market. Within the industry,
perils such as hurricanes and earthquakes have standard definitions, but no
such definition exists for floods. An event definition must examine the
spatial and temporal aspects of the flood as well as the complexities of
individual events. In this paper we were able to apply a data-driven
methodology to capture and aggregate flood peaks into independent events. To
aggregate flood peaks into independent events we needed to define what
constituted a basin as our area of aggregation. The USGS utilizes the
hydrological unit code (HUC) a 2- to 12-digit code that follows the
Pfafsetter Coding System. The HUC code is used to identify varying levels of
basin sizes ranging from region (2 digits) to subwatershed (12 digits).
We chose to analyze both the HUC8 and HUC6, and a total of 7932 HUC8 events and
8444 HUC6 events were recorded during the 15 water years used in our study.
Each event was characterized by duration, magnitude and severity. Focusing
on the HUC8, events were unevenly distributed nationally while severity was
relatively evenly distributed. The goal for our study was to take a method
and be able to apply it to basins of varying characteristics. This framework
relied on the ability to analyze the individual processes related to each
individual basin.
Evaluating and analyzing the comprehensive community
disaster reduction capability
Authors: Lian Dajun , Zhu Jin , Wang Xinyu , Li Guangbin
Published: July 2018

Abstract. China currently faces the important task of strengthening its regional disaster reduction capabilities. Communities are basic components of urban areas, and ensuring that they participate in disaster reduction is important for urban safety. In this paper, in view of the imperfect evaluation criteria in the National demonstration community of comprehensive disaster reduction (NDCCDR), and according to the connotation of community comprehensive disaster reduction capability (CCDRC), we construct an index system to evaluate the CCDRC; the system is comprised of six primary evaluation indices that measure the ability to evaluate disaster risk, the ability to provide rescue and support, the presence of engineering defenses, the presence of social and economic base support, the ability to manage disasters, and the level of public cognitive ability. These six primary indices include 31 secondary indices. Because the index system is characterized by a small sample size, sparse information, and large spatial extent, for the index system, we evaluate CCDRC using the entropy-weighted grey target model and geographic information system (GIS) overlay analysis. According to the distribution status of NDCCDR, we take the Suzhou New District (SND) as a case study for the empirical measurements and calculations and use ArcMap 10.2 software to produce a map of the spatial distribution of CCDRC in this region. The results indicate that the area's CCDRC is relatively weak. The spatial distribution of CCDRC is uneven. However, the CCDRC in the region has a good foundation and it also has large potential for improvement. The results also show that all of the NDCCDR are in the forefront of the case area, but their CCDRC is unbalanced and their primary evaluation indices of CCDRC are also not balanced. Therefore, we propose that the construction of NDCCDR and CCDRC should be combined, from point to face, and ultimately to improve the overall level of CCDRC in the community.
Geomechanical modelling of sinkhole development using Distinct Elements: Model
verification for a single void space and application to the Dead Sea area
Authors: Al-Halbouni Djamil , Holohan Eoghan P. , Taheri Abbas , Schöpfer Martin P. J. , Emam Sacha , Dahm Torsten
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Mechanical and/or chemical removal of material from the subsurface may generate large sub-surface cavities, the destabilisation of which can lead to hazardous ground collapse and the formation of enclosed depressions termed sinkholes. Numerical simulation of the interaction of cavity growth, host material deformation and overburden collapse is desirable to better understand the sinkhole hazard, but is a challenging task due to the involved high strains and material discontinuities. Here we present a 2D Distinct Element Method numerical simulations of cavity growth and sinkhole development. Firstly, we simulate cavity formation by quasi-static, step-wise removal of material in a single growing zone of an arbitrary geometry and depth. We benchmark this approach against analytical and Boundary Element Method models of a deep void space in a linear elastic material. Secondly, we explore the effects of material properties on cavity stability and sinkhole development. We perform simulated biaxial tests to calibrate macroscopic geomechanical parameters of three model materials that reflect literature and field-based estimates for three materials in which sinkholes develop at the Dead Sea shoreline: mud, alluvium and salt. We show that weak materials do not support large cavities, leading to gradual sagging or suffusion style subsidence. Strong materials support quasi-stable to stable cavities, the overburdens of which may fail suddenly in a caprock or bedrock collapse style. Thirdly we examine the consequences of layered arrangements of weak and strong materials. We find that these are more susceptible to sinkhole collapse than uniform materials not only due to a lower integrated strength of the overburden, but also due to an inhibition of stabilising stress arching. Fourthly we compare our model sinkhole geometries to observations at the Ghor al-Haditha sinkhole site on the eastern shore of the Dead Sea in Jordan. Sinkhole depth to diameter ratios of 0.15 in mud, 0.37 in alluvium and 0.33 in salt are reproduced successfully in the calibrated model materials. The model results suggest that the observed distribution of sinkhole depth/diameter values in each material type may partly reflect sinkhole growth trends.
Oblique rifting: the rule, not the exception
Authors: Brune Sascha , Willliams Simon E. , Müller R. Dietmar
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Movements of tectonic plates often induce oblique deformation at divergent plate boundaries. This is in striking contrast with traditional conceptual models of rifting and rifted margin formation, which often assume 2D deformation where the rift velocity is oriented perpendicular to the plate boundary. Here we quantify the validity of this assumption by analysing the kinematics of major continent-scale rift systems in a global plate tectonic reconstruction from the onset of Pangea breakup until present-day. We evaluate rift obliquity by joint examination of relative extension velocity and local rift trend using the script-based plate reconstruction software pyGPlates. Our results show that the global mean rift obliquity amounts to 34° with a standard deviation of 24°, using the convention that the angle of obliquity is spanned by extension direction and rift trend normal. We find that more than ~ 70 % of all rift segments exceeded an obliquity of 20° demonstrating that oblique rifting should be considered the rule, not the exception. In many cases, rift obliquity and extension velocity increase during rift evolution (e.g. Australia-Antarctica, Gulf of California, South Atlantic, India-Antarctica), which suggests an underlying geodynamic correlation via obliquity-dependent rift strength. Oblique rifting produces 3D stress and strain fields that cannot be accounted for in simplified 2D plane strain analysis. We therefore highlight the importance of 3D approaches in modelling, surveying, and interpretation of most rift segments on Earth where oblique rifting is the dominant mode of deformation.
Relações paradigmáticas entre Arquivologia e Ciência da Informação: a vivência prática de um arquivo
Authors: Santa Anna Jorge
Published: July 2018

Objetivo. Tematiza as relações existentes entre Arquivologia e Ciência da Informação à luz dos paradigmas que sustentam ambas as áreas. Objetiva identificar os pontos paradigmáticos observados em um arquivo público, a partir dos paradigmas norteadores dessas ciências, conforme elucidados na literatura.Método. Com esse propósito, realiza-se revisão de literatura acerca da temática, bem como estudo de caso em um arquivo da Administração Pública Estadual. Este estudo foi conduzido por meio da técnica de observação e entrevista ao gestor da unidade.Resultados. Os resultados demonstraram que o arquivo público, embora venha se modernizando, incrementando em suas práticas algumas características dos paradigmas descritos pela Ciência da Informação, a grande maioria dos fazeres arquivísticos é sustentado pelos paradigmas oriundos da Arquivologia. Portanto, dos sete pontos paradigmáticos identificados, cinco são oriundos da Arquivologia que são: foco no documento; atenção à custódia; acervo histórico e institucional; produção de documentos secundários; e, pouca preocupação com o usuário. Dois paradigmas são viabilizados pela Ciência da Informação, a saber: preocupação com a recuperação da informação e forte tendência à informatização.Conclusões. Evidencia-se que a preocupação com o acervo, suporte e tratamento técnico são paradigmas das ciências documentárias, os quais estão em consonância com o paradigma físico existente na área da Ciência da Informação, o que deduz ser a Ciência da Informação uma evolução das ciências documentárias. Essa inferência remete ao desenvolvimento de estudos futuros, a fim de gerar conclusões mais científicas.
Economic and Technical Evaluation of Different Irrigation Systems for Date Palm Farming System in the GCC Countries: Case of Oman
Authors: Dhehibi Boubaker , Salah Mohamed Ben , Frija Aymen , Aw-Hassan Aden , Ouhibi Hamdane El , Raisi Youssef M. Al
Published: July 2018

In the frame of the ICARDA project “Development of sustainable date palm production systems in the GCC countries of the Arabian Peninsula”, researchers succeeded to introduce one promising technology (subsurface drip irrigation - SDI) in the date palm farming system in the Gulf region, defined as the poorest in the word in terms of water resources. In the light of these challenges, the main objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of the irrigation water volumes on the date palm productivity and water use efficiency under several conventional and improved irrigations systems.Three intervention levels on SDI have been used: at the rate of 60% 40% and 20% of water requirement. Results of this experimental study showed that SDI under the three intervention/options uses water more efficient in comparison to BI. Indeed, a considerable quantity of water for about 3545.554, 5726.45, and 7565.473 m3/ha could be saved by using SDI at the rate of 20%, 40 and 60% of water requirements, respectively. Thus, the WUE indicator is for about 2.0, 2.7, and 4.7 kg/m3, respectively. These figures are much higher when are compared to BI system where WUE is around 1.3 kgm-3.The economic evaluation suggests that under BI system, the total return, total variable costs, water costs and net profit were 20211.36, 5857.81, 1224.29, and 13129.25 $ ha-1, respectively. From another hand, by using SDI at the rate of 60% of water requirements, we note a slight difference in net profit when using this irrigation system, which is about US$12825.02/ha. Economic findings suggest that using SDI method versus BI method have additional cost but is economical at the long term as the SDI found to sustain the date palm farming system in this region where arid conditions acts as natural constraints for expansive agriculture.
Stability and Maturity of Different Poultry Manures and Potential Utilization for Horticultural Production
Authors: Mataa Mebelo , Manzi Namakau , Munyinda Kalaluka
Published: July 2018

This study evaluated stability, maturity and the efficacy of different poultry litter for possible use in container plant production. Three types of poultry manure- Battery cage (BC), Deep litter (DL) and Free range (FR) were used, with Kraal manure (KM) as a comparison. The experiment was set up as a Split- split design with 6 replications. Composting period was main plot, poultry manure type the split plot and mixing ratio as the split- split plot. The litter was mixed with garden soil in 2 ratios (3:1 and 1:1 soil: manure ratio) and tested for up to 12 weeks. Rape (Brassica napus) was used as a bioassay for maturity, which was determined at 1 month, 2 months and 3 months. The pH declined slightly from 7 to about 6 for all treatments except for the kraal manure. Respiration trends were similar to electrical conductivity. Within 2 weeks of curing the respiration rate for all manures declined to below 4 mg CO2- C/ kg. At the end of 12 weeks curing Battery cage had highest total nitrogen (2.32 %), followed by Free range (1.25 %), Deep litter (0.73 %) and Kraal manure was lowest at 0.35 %). Maturity (rape survival) increased with compositing time. After 3 months of curing Kraal manure had highest survivability of rape. The DL at 1:1 ratio had the lowest survival of 67%. At 12 weeks except for BC at 3:1 all treatments had 100 % survival. The results showed that nitrogen rich manures (DL and BC) needed longer curing in order for them to reach maturity.
WHAT REMAINS AFTER THE JUBILEE YEAR
OF POLISH AVANT-GARDE?
Authors: Kosiewski Piotr
Published: July 2018

The year 2017 – a centenary of the “1st
Exhibition of Polish Expressionists” – was proclaimed as the
Jubilee Year of Polish Avant-garde. To mark the occasion
over 200 events were organised by nearly 100 institutions.
What is the outcome of it all? Has it changed the way the
avant-garde movement and its role in Polish culture and
tradition were perceived?
Among accomplishments the jubilee year brought
about is undoubtedly a number of exhibitions, their
catalogues as well as other publications devoted to the
avant-garde. Unfortunately, not all the initiatives turned
out to be successful. Some of them though will be well
remembered, inter alia: the cycle of exhibitions prepared
by the Art Museum in Łódź which were accompanied by
comprehensive and well edited catalogues; exhibitions:
“Urban Revolt” at the National Museum in Warsaw, and
“Avant-gardes of Szczecin” at the National Museum in
Szczecin. One of the achievements is bigger amount of
visual and textual resources available in Poland to explore
the subject of the avant-garde. The jubilee publications
also contained numerous documental materials that were
not well known before. Significant theoretical texts have
been published as well: the extended edition of Władysław
Strzemiński’s Theory of Vision, and the Athens Charter by Le
Corbusier, the importance of which can not be emphasised
enough. The publication of relevant source materials must
also be brought to attention; they came out as a series of
catalogues by the Art Museum in Łódź, inter alia an ample
selection of articles written by Debora Vogel in the book
that accompanied the exhibition “Montages. Debora Vogel
and the New Legend of the City”. During the jubilee year
a question whether the avant-garde tradition resonates
today was raised on many occasions. Two exhibitions
presented various attitudes towards the heritage of the
avant-garde: mentioned above “Montages” exhibition in
Łódź, and one in the International Cultural Centre in Kraków
“Lviv, 24 June 1937. City, Architecture, Modernism”.
MUSEUMS BEYOND WALLS IN THE CONTEXT
OF THE THIRD PLACE’S CONCEPT
Authors: Jagodzińska Katarzyna
Published: July 2018

The article focuses on museums’ activity that
reaches beyond the walls of their premises in the context of
a concept of the so-called third place. The third place – as
a gathering place which is neither one’s home, i.e. first place,
nor workplace, i.e. second place – was described by an
American sociologist Ray Oldenburg in 1999 in his book The
Great Good Place: Cafes, Coffee Shops, Bookstores, Bars, Hair
Salons, and Other Hangouts at the Heart of a Community.
Three study cases have been used in the article: Museum
Forum (project carried out by the National Museum in
Kraków), Bródno Sculpture Park (project co-conducted by
the Museum of Modern Art in Warsaw), and the method
of work implemented by the Ethnographic Museum in
Kraków, including in particular the project Dzikie Planty
(Wild “Planty” Park). I discuss assumptions the projects
have been based on, how they fit in an overall strategy of
the museums, and reasons why they have been undertaken.
Finally, I wonder whether having been conducted in a fully
accessible public space and conducive to users’ interaction
make it justified to categorise them as the third places in the
meaning given by Oldenburg. Although Oldenburg’s concept
has been regarded by museum theorists as not applicable
to museums, I have come to the conclusion that projects
conducted by museums in a non-committal context of an
open space meet the conditions the third places do.
ABC membrane transporters and their multifunctional nature
Authors: Smolik Magdalena , Suraj Joanna , Kurpinska Anna , Walczak Maria
Published: July 2018

ABC transporters are the largest family of transport proteins, which mediate the active translocation of a wide spectrum of molecules through the cell membrane, using energy from hydrolysis of ATP. They can act as importers (in Procaryota exclusively) or exporters (in both Procaryota and Eucaryota) of specified substrates. Despite a quite conservative structure model, ABC transporters are diverse in terms of functions performed in the body. These proteins are important elements of the blood-organ barriers, they maintain lipid homeostasis, participate in cellular immune response but also are involved in the development of multidrug resistance as well as affect the biology of tumour cells. Additionally, they play the role of ion channels or regulators of their activity. The activity of ABC transporters is also correlated with the occurrence of certain disease entities, such as cystic fibrosis, Dubin-Johnson syndrome, Tangier disease, persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy (PHHI) and neoplasia. Due to their therapeutic potential, ABC transporters are becoming increasingly popular. Knowledge of the mechanisms of action of ABC transporters and their regulatory systems will provide the basis for the development of personalized medicine, which may be significant especially in the context of cancer treatment.
Comercio online: una propuesta de análisis
Authors: Eguizabal Raúl
Published: July 2018

This article assumes a redoing of a technical report as part of a lawsuit presented by a company against an on-line business through which their manufactured or represented products were distributed. A qualitative analysis of the contents was carried out to give an answer to the said lawsuit. Based on the judicial report, the characteristics of the analysis have been specified, for their publication in AdResearch, in respect to aspects of methodology, phases of analysis, results and conclusions. In addition, some longer reaching opinions have been included, in understanding that the conflict of interests responded to, in reality, the current confrontation between two types of business: the traditional, carried out in a physical space and through interpersonal relations, and the new on-line business, through the web and with electronic exchanges. The aim was to determine if the on-line shop in any way damaged the image of quality, prestige, reputation, glamour and goodwill of the distributed brands through their website. To achieve this, a body of 288 pages of brands and products was created, selected in agreement with the objectives, plus another 39 general pages from the shop. The conclusion is that you cannot judge e-commerce using traditional business parameters. What was needed from conventional business, product visibility on the shelves, the placing of advertisements, free samples at point of sale or direct and personal contact, cannot be translated directly to a new buying-selling relationship.
La generación de experiencias de compra placenteras como base de la gestión de los centros comerciales de Vizcaya
Authors: Usín Enales Sandra
Published: July 2018

In this empiric paper a study of the current situation in shopping centres in Viscaya is carried out, with the central aim of analysing the importance given by these formats to the generation of enjoyable buying experiences, as a strategic and differentiating factor in commercial management. To this end, this paper carries out a review of the theoretical contributions that support the need to take action on the design and settings of shopping centres based on a study of the effect of ambient variables on the shopping experience, in the generation of emotions and, in general, the cognitive-affective-behavioural sequence of shopping centre consumers. An empiric research of a qualitative type was decided upon (based on personal interviews of shopping centre managers and of professionals and experts in the sector), through which conclusions were obtained on the state of the sector, on marketing strategies and ambient variables management, on consumer buying styles as well as their buying conduct. Among the most noteworthy conclusions was that the customer, when going to a shopping centre, goes not only with the intention of buying, but also with the desire to have a complete consumption and emotional experience, and must therefore be taken into account by shopping centre managers in their management strategies if they wish to obtain maximum profitability from their commercial space.
Redes Sociales: una herramienta de comunicación infrautilizada en el entorno educativo
Authors: Barrajón Beatriz , Tur Viñes Victoria
Published: July 2018

The 2006 Education Bill (Ley Orgánica de Educación-2006) identified 8 basic school competencies. One of these proposed improving information technology and digital skills. As a result, The Ministry of Education promoted the Escuela 2.0 Project, which recognised the importance of social networks as facilitators of two types of learning: the formal (curricular contents) and the informal (improving communication between teachers, parents and students through the creation of social links). The generalised use of Social Networks increases communication possibilities in education and platforms have sprung up ad hoc, for example: Edu 2.0, Ning, Elgg and Edublogs. Exploratory type qualitative research is carried out through questionnaires handed out to students in public and private education centres to learn about their usage of social networks and the importance that these have in the education sphere. The sample is made up of 97 4th and 5th Year Secondary School students from centres in the province of Alicante. Social Networks are the internet service most commonly used by young students. Neither students nor teachers use Social Networks for primarily educational objectives. Nevertheless, the students positively value their use for their practical type subjects and recognise their use as stimulating for learning. The research needs to continue to determine the brakes and barriers that prevent their general use in school (lack of IT resources, teacher training, lack of knowledge…). The value of this research shows that Social Networks have a general use as a communication tool for young people but its use in education is occurring at a different pace. An enormous potential exists for Social Networks in the education sphere.
La adaptación del índice de participación como fórmula para valorar el éxito de una página en Facebook. Ventajas e inconvenientes del seguimiento masivo de perfiles sociales
Authors: Navarro-Maillo Fátima
Published: July 2018

In the social platforms analytics field, it has become common practice to compare the volume of followers on the various Facebook accounts as the component that justifies the success of a profile on the network: by this logic, the bigger the number, the better the business works on Facebook. In some cases, the analysis is supported by followers’ participation as the essential variable in calculating the general participation index (PI) of a social profile, a formula that helps to estimate the greater or lesser probability of a user participating. This study is based on the premise that the comparison of the number of followers on Facebook is not sufficient to evaluate or justify the success of a profile, in the same way that the general participation index can cause ambiguities in interpretation. Nevertheless, this formula or PI can adapt itself to the different means of participation available to the follower of a Facebook page. Therefore, a profile comparison is possible according to the greater or lesser probability that their fans will click like on the contents, comment on the updated news, share the pieces with their list of contacts or join in the conversation evaluating the answers of other followers. The analysis of these PI values in participation categories allows us to conclude if the profile of a cyber-media on Facebook stands out merely as an information window, as a corner to talk about current events, or as a source of contents that are worth sharing, among other purposes. In short, it proposes that category PI values, calculated for profile activity, give a more detailed general PI result for a Facebook page, a theory that could help the cyber-medias and the companies on social networks to improve their communication strategy based on the real behaviour and expectations of their followers.
El valor medioambiental y su avance en la Estrategia de Empresa
Authors: De Salas Nestares Mª Isabel
Published: July 2018

My research work has recently focused on branding, Strategic Planning, Corporate Social Responsibility based on environmental values and the Internet medium as support for them all. This research has resulted in the participation in two national conferences, the publication of two chapters in eBranding verde(Green eBranding) and in eBranding and redes sociales (eBranding and Social Networks) and, finally, in the publication of various articles. The research paper being presented now is the continuation of that analysis, bringing it a step further in the knowledge of the process of integration of the values of respect to the environment into the strategies of business organizations, and in finding out whether this process has consequences in the organizational structure and the roles of the persons responsible for their implementation.
Uso de las comunidades de marca online para la comunicación con públicos del sector de automoción
Authors: Anaya Sánchez Rafael , Aguilar Illescas Rocío , Molinillo Jiménez Sebastián
Published: July 2018

The analysis of the Virtual Brand Communities (VBC) is continuously growing due to their ability to support the relationships with the different business public and to improve the brand image. There are numerous studies focused on the analysis of their advantages for the organizations, mainly as a communication tool and support for other commercial actions. Up to now product communities of very diverse nature, from high-preference products (e.g. Apple) to convenience products (e.g. Nutella) have been studied. Automotive have also been the subject of study of some of these analyses (Harley-Davidson, Mini, Yamaha, etc.) showing the interest of companies from this economic sector in strengthening brand loyalty. However, the joint use of the virtual communities by companies of this sector has not been studied yet as only particular cases have been analysed. In order to respond to the lack of knowledge of Virtual Brand Communities in the automotive sector, this article analyses the uses that 19 car and motorcycle make brands make of them as means of communication. The research concludes that VBC are mainly being used to announce events, actions and promotions, maybe in excess, without clearly visualizing the strengthening of the brand image, the interactivity or the users’ identification with the community, so the potential of this means of communication is not fully utilized. Some changes are suggested in order to improve the use of VBC.
Marketing y publicidad cinematográfica El cartel de cine español
Authors: Collado Alonso Rocío
Published: July 2018

The purpose of this work is to provide a general approach to the Communication, Advertising and Marketing film, in order to check its progress in recent decades as a result of the emergence of new media emerged with the advent of the Internet and, above all, with the concept of web 2.0, and a more detailed approach to the movie poster, trying to establish a theoretical and conceptual clarification thereof and of its visual, formal and functions as constituent units of the graphic identity of any film on the hypothesis that remains an absolutely key and force in the launch of a movie film. The rise of new media has encouraged the development of new film marketing tools and has managed each film promotion requires new challenges for distributors, who now consider the Internet essential to launch a movie. In this situation, the poster has managed not only remain mainstay of film promotion, but adapts to these new technologies and digital media without abandoning its privileged position at the entrance to the cinema, advertising the film and seducing the public, fulfilling its functions of profitability and efficiency. From a theoretical perspective, and from a communication point of view, is to provide a text that reflects on the constituent elements of the movie poster, studying their two languages, the texts and images, trying to discover the main strategies defined in the communication plan and working out in different compositional skills spread across the surface of the poster at the discretion of the designer, without having to maintain a strict order or direction, partners to form one unit, simple and unambiguous in its reading decoding the message to be effective.
Zygomatic Implant Perforated Flap vs Fibula Osseous Flap Maxillary Reconstruction
Authors: Ma Jolande , Aung Yee Mon , Cheng Kai , Dunn Masako , Manzie Timothy , Leinkram David , Singh Jasvir , Wykes James , Low Tsu-Hui (Hubert) , Mukherjee Payal , Clark Jonathan R.
Published: November 2024

This cohort study assesses the potential differences in facial contour and patient-reported outcomes in zygomatic implant perforated flap compared to fibula free flap maxillary reconstruction.
E‐selectin affinity glycoproteomics reveals neuroendocrine proteins and the secretin receptor as a poor‐prognosis signature in colorectal cancer
Authors: Cotton Sofia , Ferreira Dylan , Relvas‐Santos Marta , Brandão Andreia , Afonso Luís Pedro , Miranda Andreia , Ferreira Eduardo , Santos Beatriz , Gonçalves Martina , Lopes Paula , Santos Lúcio Lara , Silva André M. N. , Ferreira José Alexandre
Published: November 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) cells express sialylated Lewis antigens (sLe), crucial for metastasis via E‐selectin binding. However, these glycoepitopes lack cancer specificity, and E‐selectin‐targeted glycoproteins remain largely unknown. Here, we established a framework for identifying metastasis‐linked glycoproteoforms. More than 70% of CRC tumors exhibited overexpression of sLeA/X, yet without discernible associations with metastasis or survival. However, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) analysis unveiled differing expression patterns of sLeA/X‐related glycogenes correlating with disease severity, indicating context‐dependent regulation by distinct glycosyltransferases. Deeper exploration of metastatic tumor sialoglycoproteome identified nearly 600 glycoproteins, greatly expanding our understanding of the metastasis‐related glycoproteome. These glycoproteins were linked to cell adhesion, oncogenic pathways, and neuroendocrine functions. Using an in‐house algorithm, the secretin receptor (SCTR) emerged as a top‐ranked targetable glycoprotein. Tumor screening confirmed SCTR's association with poor prognosis and metastasis, with N‐glycosylation adding cancer specificity to this glycoprotein. Prognostic links were reinforced by TCGA‐based investigations. In summary, SCTR, a relatively unknown CRC glycoprotein, holds potential as a biomarker of poor prognosis and as an E‐selectin ligand, suggesting an unforeseen role in disease dissemination. Future investigations should focus on this glycoprotein's biological implications for clinical applications.
Integrated Guidance and Control Based on Improved Backstepping Method Under Input Saturation and Attitude Angle Constraints
Authors: Dong Fei , Zhang Xiaoyu , Tan Panlong
Published: November 2024

In order to improve the penetration ability of missiles in the end guidance stage, and considering the delay problem when designing the guidance control loop separately, this article mainly studies the design problem of an integrated guidance control law under input saturation and attitude angle constraints. For the lower triangular structure model of the integrated guidance and control system, this article mainly uses an improved backstepping method to design the controller, and introduces an error compensation term in the design of the virtual controller to improve system stability. Introducing auxiliary variables and barrier Lyapunov functions to handle saturation and state constraint problems; in the face of the main problems of atmospheric disturbances, unmodeled dynamic errors of the system, and unknown acceleration of the target, this article mainly adopts a finite time observer for processing. The final simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the controller designed in this article.
Boosting Electrochemical Degradation of Water Pollutants Using Sulfur‐Rich Porous Polyimide‐Derived Laser‐Induced Graphene Catalytic Membrane
Authors: Sohn Jeong Min , Hwang Yun Chan , Nam Ki‐Ho
Published: November 2024

Water pollution is an inevitable concern associated with technological advancement. To address this problem, it is necessary to significantly shorten the manufacturing process of porous materials while enabling effective pollutant removal. Herein, a facile, rapid, and scalable approach is reported to obtain sulfur‐doped hierarchically porous laser‐induced graphene (S‐LIG) as a catalytic membrane with three‐dimensional networks by localized laser irradiation, along with possible adsorption and electrochemical degradation mechanisms for pollutant removal. S‐LIG is derived from sulfur‐containing porous polyimide film which is prepared via thermally induced phase separation followed by stepwise thermal imidization. Methylene blue (MB) adsorption behavior on the S‐LIG membrane closely fits the pseudo‐second‐order and Freundlich isotherm models, suggesting a complex sorption mechanism, including both strong chemical interaction and physical adsorption. Furthermore, S‐doping enhances catalytic activity for generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), aiding MB degradation via indirect oxidation, and improves direct oxidation on the anode by accelerating electron transfer at the electrodes. This results in a stable 93% MB degradation at a low 1.5 V after 24 h. Additionally, the impact of solution pH reveals that electrostatic attraction forces under basic conditions and the high generation of ROS under acidic conditions favor adsorption and electrochemical oxidation.
Engineering Higher‐Order Topological Confinement via Acoustic Non‐Hermitian Textures
Authors: Hu Bolun , Zhang Zhiwang , Liu Yimin , Liao Danwei , Zhu Yuanzhou , Zhang Haixiao , Cheng Ying , Liu Xiaojun , Christensen Johan
Published: November 2024

Higher‐order topological insulators are a newly unveiled category of topological materials, distinguished by their exceptional characteristics absent in conventional topological insulators, e.g., 1D hinge states, or zero‐dimensional corner states, for instance. Adding attenuating or amplifying components manifest even richer and more intricate non‐Hermitian topological properties. While losses, for the most part, come for free, decorating topological systems with the gain counterpart poses significant challenges. Here, a non‐Hermitian second‐order topological insulator (SOTI) is constructed for a sonic demonstration, by bestowing a cavity‐based lattice both with electro‐thermoacoustic gain and loss. The inner cavity walls are decorated with electrically biased carbon nanotube films to be able to manipulate spatially and in strength, a non‐Hermitian response at will. These measurements demonstrate that this flexibility allows us to design highly unconventional interface and corner confining topologies by decisively engineering gain and loss textures within the unit cell. It is foreseen that the advances may enable new avenues for energy harvesting and fundamental understanding in condensed matter and classical topological physics.
Hybrid DNA Origami – Graphene Platform for Electrically‐Gated Nanoscale Motion
Authors: Azevedo João D. G. , Queirós Tiago , Camarneiro Filipe , Lopes Maria João , Freitas João , Purwidyantri Agnes , Prakash Praneetha Sundar , Chandrasekhar Soumya , Schmidt Thorsten‐Lars , Alpuim Pedro , Nieder Jana B.
Published: November 2024

A proof‐of‐principle device for axial high‐resolution operation that combines a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) origami with a functionalized graphene layer is presented, analyzed by nanoscopy. Along the DNA origami structure, ATTO‐488 fluorophores are bound at specific distances from graphene, from where specific fluorescence lifetime values are expected due to nearfield energy transfer processes. These are characterized by Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (FLIM). Through modulation of the electrostatic potential of graphene under electrical gating, changes in the fluorescence lifetimes are observed. These are understood as the result of changed energy transfer coupling conditions between the fluorophore and graphene's electronic states, combined with a vertical displacement of the DNA origami structure that matches molecular dimensions. A hybrid architecture is provided whose nanoscale operation depends on the applied voltage regime. A potential application of these findings may be envisioned for biocompatible sensing approaches, in medical or environmental sensing.
Water Soluble Rare‐Earth(III) based Coordination Polymers with Luminescence Versatility in Various Media: Reaching the Sky of Quantum Efficiency
Authors: Razquin‐Bobillo Laura , Zabala‐Lekuona Andoni , García Jose Angel , Rodríguez‐Diéguez Antonio , Cepeda Javier
Published: November 2024

The preparation of highly efficient photoluminescent rare‐earth based coordination compounds, characterized by photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) over 90% and thermal/chemical stability that allows their processing in various media (aqueous solutions, polymeric films, etc.) holds enormous significance in their applicability. Herein, a family of isostructural coordination polymers (CPs) with 6‐methyl‐2‐oxonicotinate (6m2onic) ligand, chemically and structurally characterized as {[M(6m2onic)4Na(H2O)3]·8H2O}n [where M(III) = Eu (1Eu), Tb (2Tb), Gd (3Gd), Y (4Y) and Eu0.5Tb0.5 (5Eu‐Tb)], are reported. Their peculiar crystal structure, based on a hydrogen‐bonded framework of 1D arrays in which octacoordinated metal centers (established by four chelating 6m2onic ligands) and Na centers are sequentially linked, gives rise to an excellent metal–organic system benefitting from not only bright PL emissions in solid state but also enough chemical and thermal stability as to yield PL water‐soluble complexes and photostable thin‐films. In particular, the terbium(III)‐based counterpart highlights for its first‐in‐class PLQY and versatility, which imbues the compound with efficiencies of 97% in bulk state, 35% in aqueous solution, 85% in polymer‐based thin‐films and 15% after its calcination at 250 °C. The experimental photophysical characterization in those media, involving also pH‐responsive behavior, is well supported by a solid theoretical analysis of their intramolecular transfers and electronic transitions.
Highly Stable Mixed Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals for High Performance Pure‐Red Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Ye Siyuan , Lin Fei , Peng Linwei , Li Jiaxin , Ruan Qiaohui , Lin Zhuohan , Xu Wang , Li Yan
Published: November 2024

Pure‐red CsPbBrxI3−x nanocrystals (NCs) light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are promising candidates for high‐performance display due to their high brightness, excellent color purity and readily tunable band gap. However, achieving highly stable pure‐red PeLEDs is still challenging due to phase segregation in the mixed halide CsPbBrxI3−x NCs. Herein, pure‐red mixed halide CsPbBrxI3−x NCs with a relatively small size are synthesized using phosphate acid as a ligand, effectively avoiding spontaneous phase separation. The strong interaction between phosphate ligands and Pb2+ facilitates the slow formation of CsPbBrxI3−x NCs, resulting in relatively small NC sizes. In addition, a dense phosphate passivation layer forms around the surface of NCs, which imparts excellent stability to the NCs against light, moisture and heat treatment. Utilizing the highly stable CsPbBrxI3−x NCs as an emission layer, pure‐red PeLEDs emitting at 633 nm, with an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 10.0%, a brightness of 8231 cd m−2 and a half‐life of 393 min, are fabricated. Notably, the PeLEDs show excellent stability, with negligible changes in the emission spectra under an elevated bias voltage of 14 V. This work provides a new avenue for enhancing the performance of pure red PeLEDs through strongly coordinated phosphate ligand passivation.
Aberration‐Corrected Holographic Optical Elements Based on Consistent Shapes of Printed Hogels
Authors: Yeom Jiwoon , Choi Jung Beom , Choi Geun Seop , Choi Kwang‐Soon , Hong Jisoo
Published: November 2024

Herein, a holographic optical element (HOE) printing technique which maintains shapes and sizes of hogels across diverse focal positions, and aberration‐corrected HOEs which are fabricated by it are proposed. The proposed HOE printer employs nonpixelated focus modulators composed of double 4f optics in reference and signal beam paths to record hogels with the consistent shapes, which is validated via the ray tracing simulation. An optimization algorithm is developed for aberration‐corrected HOEs, dedicated to the proposed printing system. Imaging simulations verify the improved image quality compared to a baseline case by showing a 5 times sharper point spread function. As the experimental verification, a HOE printer is realized, which provides 1 × 1 mm of hogels consistently over 20° × 20° of angular ranges and 8 diopters of focal length changes. Displaying experiments using printed HOEs (mono‐colored and full‐colored ones) verify the proposed method with aberration‐corrected and see‐through images.
Self‐Assembled Nanocarriers of Synthetic and Natural Plasmalogens for Potential Nanomedicine Development
Authors: Wu Yu , Angelov Borislav , Deng Yuru , Fujino Takehiko , Hossain Md Shamim , Bizien Thomas , Angelova Angelina
Published: November 2024

Plasmalogens are bioactive glycerophospholipids with a vinyl ether bond at the sn‐1 position of the glycerol backbone, which imparts free‐radical scavenging properties. Amelioration of the plasmalogen levels, which decline with aging, is required for novel metabolic therapies for Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and dementia. This work designed, prepared, and in vitro characterized plasmalogen‐loaded lipid nanoparticles with neuroprotective potential for neuronanomedicine. Liquid crystalline nanoparticles formed by natural scallop‐derived plasmalogens are in vitro evaluated with respect to synthetic docosapentaenoyl (DPA) plasmenyl (vinyl ether) glycerophospholipids, formulated with the helper lipid monoolein (MO). The structural organization of the lipid nanoparticles is characterized by synchrotron small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS). The employed self‐assembly technique yielded plasmalogen‐based nanoassemblies of hexosome, cubosome, vesicular, or intermediate topology types. The internalization of fluorescently‐labeled nanoparticles in differentiated human neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cells is followed by flow cytometry. Under the investigated conditions, the scallop‐derived plasmalogen nanocarriers significantly influenced the measured mitochondrial membrane potential compared to those involving synthetic plasmalogens with DPA chains. Levels of protein biomarkers, such as brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), can be regulated depending on the nanocarrier type. The results identified cubosome, hexosome, and vesicular types of plasmalogen nanocarriers presenting antioxidant properties and preserving neuronal cell integrity and viability.