bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Initial Anthropology in Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics
Authors: APOSTOLOPOULOU Georgia
Published: June 2017

In the ‘Foreword’, I address some aspects of Academician Georg Brutian’s philosophy. The Initial Anthropology paper follows.

In his Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle considers the relation of ethical theory to anthropology in a specific way. He sets out an initial anthropology that describes the human through its common and non-common elements to plants as well as to ‘other animals’. The conclusion is that the human animal is the only living being that is endowed with reason and carries out ‘practical life’. We may call this difference ‘the anthropological difference’. In his ethical theory, Aristotle points to the limits of the anthropological difference. On the one hand, he holds that only practical theory can explain the ‘practical life’ as well as the ‘human Good’. On the other hand, he highlights that the human is higher than the ‘other animals’, since the human is endowed with the divine element of intellect; nevertheless, there are beings that are ‘more divine’ than the human. Thus Aristotle corroborates the human and its practical life, without abandoning the Socratic-Platonic view of the Divine. In this aspect, the alleged anthropocentrism of Aristotle’s ethics is to be reconsidered.
The Problem of Eternity of the World in the Philosophical-Theological Theory of Grigor Tatevatsi
Authors: ZAKARYAN Seyran
Published: June 2017

The famous Armenian theologian and philosopher Grigor Tatevatsi (1346-1409) in his teaching tries to compare the biblical truth of creation with the philosophical postulate regarding the eternity of the world. Principally, being a creationist thinker, he criticized the theories that made the Materia co-eternal to God, meanwhile, he proposed the following arguments regarding the eternity of the world: a) before the creation the world existed actually by influence in the providence of God as an immaterial paradigm; b) the world is eternal because it is linked to eternity; c) the God is the eternal and always actual being, therefore the world was created eternal and the eternal is the necessary being which never can become none-being; d) the will of God is unchangeable, He cannot make the created world become non-being otherwise His will would change; e) the God does not make the world become non-being not because He is unable to do so but due to the boundless goodness; f. the world is eternal because the four elements and qualities that are the basis of it, are eternal. Therefore, even though the arguments proposed by Tatevatsi are based on and contain typical ideas of Neoplatonism, one has to take into account that he speaks of the eternity of the created world rather than co-existence of world with the God.
Treating tumors with immune checkpoint inhibitors: Rationale and limitations
Authors: Seidel Judith Anna , Otsuka Atsushi , Kabashima Kenji
Published: June 2017

Immune checkpoints are essential for preventing immunopathology but can also obstruct anti-tumor immune responses. Recent medical advances in blocking these mechanisms have therefore opened promising avenues in the treatment of cancer.  Various blocking antibodies targeting the immune checkpoints programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) are now approved for human use. This review summarizes the properties of PD-1 and CTLA-4 in physiological and tumor settings, and examines the treatment efficacy, side effects and biomarkers of their inhibitors. Future avenues in the application and development of immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of cancer are also explored.
Las cifras del progreso. El Departamento del Valle del Cauca según el Boletín de Estadística de 1917
Authors: Batero Portilla Julieth Johanna
Published: June 2017

Con la creación del departamento del Valle del Cauca en el año de 1910, la elite local –responsable de la dirección de la nueva entidad territorial – propugnó por el fortalecimiento de diversas instituciones políticas y económicas que permitieran el posicionamiento de la región dentro del concierto nacional. En este artículo se analizan los resultados de dichos esfuerzos en términos de la configuración de una administración eficiente, el incremento de la productividad y el mejoramiento de las condiciones sociales de los pobladores. El análisis se hace a partir de la información contenida en el primer Boletín de Estadística del departamento publicado en 1917. Se trata de un documento especialmente significativo dentro del proceso estudiado, que muestra cómo la dirigencia de ese momento concibió la construcción de datos fehacientes, a través de la estadística, como un insumo necesario para la toma de decisiones.
Justicia agraria y conflictos de tierras en Colombia durante la primera mitad del siglo XX: el caso de Santander
Authors: Martín Peré Elisa
Published: June 2017

Este artículo aborda la conflictividad en torno a la tierra en Colombia, a través de la experiencia de la justicia agraria en la primera mitad del siglo XX. Los jueces de tierras, enmarcados en el derecho agrario, son una figura única en la historia de la resolución judicial de conflictos por la tierra en el país. Los informes oficiales, la prensa de la época, revistas agrarias y la documentación judicial rescatada de esta figura, junto con la jurisprudencia de los Tribunales Superiores de Departamento que resolvían las apelaciones interpuestas contra las sentencias de los dos circuitos judiciales de tierras que hubo en Santander, permiten retratar los tipos de conflictividad, lugares y actores, así como intereses de aquellos que pudieron acceder a la justicia agraria durante las décadas de los treinta y los cuarenta, en su corta trayectoria, de apenas seis años. En este periodo, hubo ciertas dificultades para asumir la competencia de los casos, por las resistencias del poder local y departamental. La conflictividad fue de envergadura desde un inicio, y por eso los jueces insistieron en que no podían suprimirse, pese a las continuas peticiones del gobierno nacional al respecto.
La escritura de Ignacio Torres Giraldo. El aprendizaje de un autodidacta
Authors: Rubio Alfonso
Published: June 2017

A partir del análisis de las obras Recuerdos de infancia y Anecdotario, de Ignacio Torres Giraldo (1893-1968), este ensayo indaga sobre el significado de su escritura autobiográfica y sus prácticas de lectura y escritura en tanto formas de autodidactismo. Se intenta mostrar cómo estos aspectos, ligados a su quehacer como figura política, líder sindical, historiador, escritor y periodista, favorecieron la definición y el perfeccionamiento de su ideología política, en un contexto histórico-social marcado por la importancia que adquiere la relación directa y comprometida con la cultura popular para obtener y crear conocimiento científico.
González González, Fernán E., Poder y Violencia en Colombia.
Authors: Tolmos Méndez Carlos Arturo
Published: June 2017

Reseña del libro "Poder y Violencia en Colombia." de Fernán E. González González
“Colombia ocupa un espacio muy pequeño en los Estudios Latinoamericanos” Entrevista a Alexander Betancourt Mendieta
Authors: Loaiza Gilberto
Published: June 2017

Entrevista al investigador colombo-mexicano Alexander Betancur Mendieta, adscrito a la Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí (México), en la que aborda aspectos diversos de su vida profesional, sus investigaciones y su percepción de las formas de hacer historia en Colombia.
Después de la libertad: la inserción al mercado laboral de los esclavos liberados en el Cantón de Medellín entre 1846 y 1851
Authors: Luna-Vinueza David Ricardo
Published: June 2017

En este artículo se pretende indagar sobre la inserción al mercado laboral de los esclavos que fueron liberados en el Cantón de Medellín entre 1846 y 1851. Para ello se rastreó en el censo general de población de la Provincia de Antioquia de 1851 una muestra representativa de personas que eran esclavas en 1846 en el Cantón de Medellín. Al aplicar una metodología de búsqueda desarrollada en este trabajo y la técnica de muestreo por conglomerados de una etapa, en este artículo se muestra que, al menos, una quinta parte de los esclavos de 1846 trabajaban como empleados libres en sus hogares originales en 1851. Esto se explica parcialmente por la posibilidad de que hayan sido contratados por sus antiguos amos para desempeñar actividades agrícolas o de servidumbre urbana.
Territorialidad en los reales de minas en el norte del Cauca, 1851-1930
Authors: Diana Marcela Mendoza Rigoberto Banguero y
Published: June 2017

Este artículo se propone evidenciar las condiciones históricas, sociales, políticas y simbólicas propias de los libres entre 1851 y 1930 en las espacialidades de Dominguillo, Quinamayó, Santa María, San Antonio, Arrobleda y Gelima localizadas en el norte del Cauca (Colombia). Condiciones que les permitieron a estas poblaciones reinventar el espacio social como un proceso de re-existencia, de apropiación social y territorial que venían construyendo desde el siglo XVIII. Muestra, a partir de los hallazgos que resultaron de la implementación de una metodología genealógica, las condiciones socio-históricas que redefinieron a los poblados afros del norte del Cauca, entre 1851-1930 y que permitieron la reinvención de la espacialidad como un proceso de re-existencia, de apropiación social, y territorial. Presenta una reconstrucción de la memoria histórica del negro libre cuyos resultados se evidencian en la conformación de una historicidad del libre epistémico (libre esclavizado, libre afrodiaspórico, libre propietario y no propietario y libre campesino), que compitió la espacialidad con el propietario de las minas y de la hacienda; y en lo cual un hallazgo novedoso fue la estrategia de localización que muestra cómo los negros libres redistribuyeron entre sus congéneres la propiedad territorial para poder re-existir y no desaparecer como cultura y pervivir como movimiento social.
La epopeya libertaria de los ancestros. Religión, historia y memoria en Changó, el gran putas de Manuel Zapata Olivella
Authors: Santafé Varcárcel Elizabeth
Published: June 2017

El presente artículo analiza algunas relaciones entre historia, memoria y ficción en la literatura afrocolombiana del siglo XX. Para este propósito, toma como objeto de estudio la obra Changó, el gran putas de Manuel Zapata Olivella. Aunque no se trata de una novela histórica, alude a hechos que cambiaron la historia de millones de africanos exiliados contra su voluntad en América y la de sus descendientes, quienes, a pesar de haber transcurrido más de cinco siglos de esta diáspora, todavía luchan, ya no por la libertad, sino por la inclusión social y el derecho a participar del poder político y económico. Todo ello configurado de forma transversal por elementos simbólicos de las religiones yoruba y bantú, así como de la ficción, propios de una particular narrativa mitopoética. Después de efectuar un recorrido por las orientaciones teóricas que guían este estudio, se lleva a cabo un análisis complementado con testimonios de Zapata Olivella, con otros estudios sobre su obra y fuentes secundarias que ayudan a ampliar y entender de manera más adecuada la arriesgada novela del autor.
Esclavos y esclavas demandando justicia. Chile, 1740-1823. Documentación judicial por carta de libertad y papel de venta, Santiago de Chile, Editorial Universitaria, 2014
Authors: Duarte Danilo
Published: June 2017

El libro Esclavos y esclavas demandando justicia. Chile, 1740-1823. Documentación judicial por carta de libertad y papel de venta es una publicación evaluada por pares especialistas en la materia y por el Comité Editorial del Fondo Rector Juvenal Hernández Jaque de la Universidad de Chile, que publica y difunde textos académicos. El volumen hace parte del continuum de investigaciones que se ocupan del estudio de la población esclava en Chile; si bien es cierto que en la historiografía nacional se habían realizado algunos llamados para atender el tema de las negritudes, también lo es que esa convocatoria tan solo fue atendida en la última década por nuevos historiadores e instancias académicas que han concentrado su interés en el tema de manera sistemática.
Santander. Territorio, cultura y política. Visión prospectiva 2019 – 2030
Authors: Espinosa Suárez Carlos Humberto
Published: June 2017

El libro de los profesores Amado Antonio Guerrero Rincón, Álvaro Acevedo Tarazona y Héctor Fuentes Durán, todos vinculados desde la docencia y la investigación a la Universidad Industrial de Santander, es un proyecto mancomunado entre la universidad y la Gobernación de Santander, en especial de la Secretaría de Planeación. Para el desarrollo de este proyecto, además de los profesores, participaron los grupos Gidrot (Grupo de Investigación sobre Desarrollo Regional y Ordenamiento Territorial), Psorhe (Políticas, sociabilidades y representaciones histórico-educativas) y Geomática (Gestión y optimización de sistemas) que trabajan al interior de la institución educativa; el primero se encuentra adscrito a la Escuela de Economía, el Segundo a la de Historia y el tercero a la de Ingeniería Civil para un total de ocho investigadores de apoyo.
Riesgo de Violencia Grave contra la Pareja.
Authors: Romero Holguer , Parra Rubén
Published: June 2017

No se cuenta con instrumentos de medida psicológicos específicos para pronosticar el riesgo de violencia, necesitamos datos técnicos que ayuden a determinar la dinámica de la violencia, para brindar un apoyo oportuno y especializado, existe un reactivo psicológico que dependiendo de la experticia de cada profesional, puede ser usado como protocolo e instrumento de medida, en este trabajo de observación se explica las necesidades de adaptar, cambiar, ciertos términos legales y semánticos en base a nuestra idiosincrasia, con el propósito de mejorar las respuestas de la presunta víctima y agresor, para determinar las acciones a seguir, tanto jurídica como psicológicamente.Se analiza todos los factores que alteran los resultados de la evaluación pericial. En los resultados se explica porque se debe modificar ciertos ítems. Terminado este proceso, se trabajara con el reactivo modificado a fin de establecer un análisis comparativo, terminado el estudio se pondrá a consideración del Consejo de la Judicatura del Ecuador, para la investigación se contara con el respaldo técnico científico de la Universidad Nacional Mayor San Marcos.
The Maritime Declaration of Health (MDH) as a tool to detect maritime traffic-related health risks: analysis of MDH forms submitted to Spanish ports, October 2014 to March 2015
Authors: López-Gigosos Rosa M , Segura Marina , Díez-Díaz Rosa M , Ureña Isabel , Urzay David , Guillot Patricia , Guerra-Neira Ana , Rivera Almudena , Pérez-Cobaleda Ángeles , Martín Ascensión , Nuñez-Torrón María , Alvarez Begoña , Faraco Mar , Barrera José M , Calvo María J , Gallegos José , Bermejo Antonio , Aramburu Carmen , Dávila Miguel , Carreras Fernando , Neipp Rosemarie , Mariscal Alberto
Published: June 2017

The international maritime traffic of people and goods has often contributed to the spread of pathogens affecting public health. The Maritime Declaration of Health (MDH), according to the International Health Regulations (IHR) (2005), is a document containing data related to the state of health on board a ship during passage and on arrival at port. It is a useful tool for early detection of public health risks. The main objective of our study was to evaluate compliance with the model provided in the IHR, focusing on the format and degree of completion of MDH forms received at Spanish ports. We reviewed the content of 802 MDH forms submitted to nine Spanish ports between October 2014 and March 2015. Study results show that 22% of MDH forms presented did not comply with the recommended model and 39% were incomplete. The proportion of cargo ships with correct and complete MDH forms was lower than passenger ships; thus, the nine health questions were answered less frequently by cargo ships than passenger ships (63% vs 90%, p value < 0.001). The appropriate demand and usage of MDH forms by competent authorities should improve the quality of the document as a tool and improve risk assessment.
Evaluation of Elite Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes for Yield and Yield Attributing Traits under Irrigated Condition
Authors: Bhattarai Ramji Prasad , Ojha Bishnu Raj , Thapa Dhruba Bahadur , Kharel Raju , Ojha Ankit , Sapkota Manoj
Published: June 2017

Thirty International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT) elite lines and Nepalese commercial wheat varieties were grown at Agriculture and Forestry University, Chitwan in Alpha-lattice design to identify high yielding genotypes, yield attributing parameters and correlations between them. Observations were taken for different morpho-physiological and yield attributing traits i.e., days to booting, heading, anthesis, maturity, flag leaf senescence, flag leaf duration, grain filling duration, plant height, spike length, number of grains per spike, thousand kernel weight, hectoliter weight, grain yield and biomass yield. Significant genotypic differences were observed for all the traits studied indicating considerable amount of variation among genotypes for each character. The mean grain yield was 2148 kg/ha and it ranged from 1000 to 3425 kg/ha. BLOUK#1/4/WHEAR/KUKUNA/3/C80.1/3*BATAVIA//2*WBLL1/5/MUNAL #1 (35th ESWYT138) was the highest grain yielding genotype among all followed by CHIBIA//PRLII/CM65531/3/FISCAL/4/DANPHE#1/5/CHIBIA//PRLII/CM65531/3/SKAUZ/BAV92 (ESWYT 141), Gautam, Vijay and CHYAK1*2/3/HUW234+LR34/PRINIA//PFAU/WEAVER (ESWYT129). Grain yield had significant strong positive correlation with grain filling duration (0.685**), plant height (0.606**), thousand kernel weight (0.675**), biomass yield (0.892**) and hectoliter weight (0.586**). Four clusters were formed by cluster analysis and genotypes were grouped in a particular cluster on the basis of similarity of morpho-physiological traits. So, these genotypes may be exploited for their direct release or as parents in hybridization programmes to develop high yielding wheat varieties.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(2): 194-202
Counteracting Congenital Cataract
Authors: Narayanan Arthy , Sai Sinduri B.V. , Pradeep S
Published: June 2017

Congenital or hereditary cataract is a condition where the lens of the eye is not completely transparent resulting in cloudy or blocked vision. Many genes have been found to influence the formation of a cataract. The gene that has been focused on in this paper is the CRYAA gene which codes for the crystallin A protein, a major constituent protein of the lens. Mutations and misfoldings of this protein have been seen to be a major cause of congenital cataract. So, we did an analysis of the gene and the protein using computational tools. As a solution to the condition, we computationally devised a vector that carries the correct CRYAA gene. This vector could be used during the pre-natal stage of pregnancy for children who are believed to inherit this condition.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(2): 216-221
Dietary knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Diabetes Patients at Services Hospital Lahore
Authors: Bano Anbreen , Afzal Muhammad , Sarwar Hajra , Waqas Ali , Kousar Samina , Gulzar Saima
Published: June 2017

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is growing fastly the world is witnessing.  The incidence of alarming concern to health care providers is rapidly rising. The main burden of this disease will fall on all developing countries. The number of diabetic patients will reach 300 million by the end of 2025 it is known through the estimation mostly developing countries will have such a dramatic and significant impacts. Methodology: The quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study design was used with convenient sampling (n=142) from Services Hospital Lahore. Using the questioner consist of 34 items data was analyzed through spss21 version descriptive analyses and the chi-square test with (p=<0.05) was used. Results: Findings of the study that only 19% had good knowledge they answered 8 or more correct responses remaining 81% participants answered less than 50% correct responses had poor knowledge. The 41.5% had positive attitude with diabetic diet while the remaining 58.5% were having negative attitude. The findings also revealed that only 17.6% had good practices they answered 50% and above correct responses while the others 82.4% participants answered less than 50% correct responses and were doing poor practices about the diabetic diet. The significant association was found between the gender and patient’s knowledge and no significant association between the education and patient’s dietary knowledge. Conclusion: The diabetes type 2 patients should have up to mark dietary, knowledge, and keep it in practicing well. It will, prevent from diabetes complications. There is need to improve the patients knowledge and provide education them.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(2): 227-236
Does early goal directed therapy in sepsis still hold relevance in low and middle-income countries?
Authors: Aryal Diptesh , Sharma Apurb
Published: June 2017

The efficacy of early goal directed therapy in improving outcomes has been questioned in few recent studies. But, does that hold true for low and middle income countries like Nepal? This editorial expresses the views of the editors on the usual care of sepsis patients and early goal directed therapy in resource limited settings.
Erratum to Comparison of I-Gel and classic Laryngeal Mask Airway in paediatric population: a parallel group study
Authors: Sharma Apurb
Published: June 2017

This erratum is issued to a recently published original article titled "Comparison of I-Gel and classic Laryngeal Mask Airway in paediatric population: a parallel group study" in 2016, Volume 3, Number 2.
‘USDA‐FORAGECREST’, a New Crested Wheatgrass Cultivar with Improved Seedling Establishment and Forage Production on Semiarid Western US Rangelands
Authors: Jensen Kevin B. , Larson Steve R. , Rigby Craig
Published: June 2017

‘USDA‐FORAGECREST’ crested wheatgrass [Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn.] (Reg. No. CV‐34, PI 678570) (2n = 4x = 28) was released by the USDA‐ARS on 1 Sept. 2016. We expect that USDA‐FORAGECREST will establish and persist over time, providing dry‐matter yield (DMY) similar to or greater than current crested wheatgrass cultivars on rangelands of the Intermountain West, Great Basin, and Northern Great Plains Regions of the United States receiving less than 300 mm of annual precipitation. USDA‐FORAGECREST originated from a cross between crested wheatgrass cultivar Hycrest and PI 406442. After backcrossing, five cycles of recurrent selection were applied to this population for improved seedling establishment, plant persistence, and seed yield and mass. Genetically, USDA‐FORAGECREST is most similar to ‘Kirk’, followed by ‘Nordan’ and Hycrest, and least similar to ‘RoadCrest’. At Aberdeen, ID (2012), USDA‐FORAGECREST demonstrated significantly (P < 0.05) higher seedling‐frequency percentage in the establishment year (98.3%) than ‘Hycrest II’ (93.5%), Hycrest (92.6%), and Nordan (82.5%). At Beaver (2005) and Nephi (2011), UT, sites, seedling‐frequency percentage of USDA‐FORAGECREST was similar to Hycrest II and Hycrest but significantly (P < 0.05) higher than Nordan at Beaver (56.8%). Five years after seeding at Beaver, USDA‐FORAGECREST had significantly (P < 0.05) higher plant‐frequency percentage (96.2%) than Hycrest (86.1%) and Nordan (80.9%) and was similar to Hycrest II (89.6%) and Douglas (88.2%). Combined across locations and years, DMY of USDA‐FORAGECREST (2824 kg ha−1) was significantly (P < 0.05) greater than Hycrest II (2149 kg ha−1) and Nordan (2300 kg ha−1) but similar to Hycrest (2433 kg ha−1).
A Study on Solute Dispersion in a Three Layer Blood-like Liquid Flowing through a Rigid Artery
Authors: Debnath Sudip , Saha Apu Kumar , Roy Ashis Kumar
Published: June 2017

The unsteady dispersion of a solute has been discussed by the method of generalized dispersion technique in a blood-like liquid flowing through a pipe under the combined effects of finite yield stress and irreversible absorption into the wall.The solvent is enacted as a three-layered liquid by considering the center liquid as a Casson liquid (a core of red blood cell suspension) and a peripheral layer of plasma as a Newtonian liquid. An asymptotic representation for the convection and dispersion coefficients has been shown only for large values of time, which will not hamper the study of physical behavior of the system. The objective of the present study is to examine the nature of exchange coefficient, convective coefficient and in particular, dispersion coefficient together with mean concentration distribution under the effect of absorption parameter (​β)​, yield stress (​​τ​y​​​) (equivalently the plug radius (​​Rp​​​)) and peripheral layer variation (i.e., ratio of central core radius to normal artery radius (​​Ro​​​)). It is found that the presence of peripheral layer makes some important increment in dispersion coefficient compared to single phase Casson liquid for small absorption. Increase in both diffusivity (D*​​) and Peclet number (Pe) make a significant decrement in the magnitude of dispersion coefficient with respect to absorption rate. The decrease in peak of the mean concentration distribution with the increase in reaction rate is found irrespective of the nature of reaction.
Frequency of Celiac Disease in Children Presented with Liver Disease at a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Hussain Faika , Karim ASM Bazlul , Rukunuzzaman Md , Anwar Syeda Afria , Sultana Kaniz , Mosabbir Nadira , Haque Md Ariful
Published: June 2017

Background: Celiac disease is (CD) a genetically determined chronic inflammatory disease induced by an environmental precipitant. It is a multisystem disease and can develop at any point of time during life in genetically susceptible individuals upon ingestion of wheat gluten and related cereal proteins. The onset of symptoms in the atypical form generally occurs between 4-15 years of age. Diagnosis of CD with extraintestinal manifestations is frequently missed as it presents without diarrhoea.Objective: To observe the frequency of celiac disease in children with liver disease.Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at BSMMU from January 2014 to June 2015. A total of 59 children (age 18 months to16 years) with clinical and biochemical features of liver disease were initially enrolled for the study. Their clinical history, examination findings and investigation reports were recorded in a data collection sheet and informed consent was obtained from parents. Routine investigations, liver function tests, tissue transglutaminase tTG (IgA), total IgA. were done. After exclusion of other causes of liver disease endoscopy of upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT) was done on patients who were tTG (titer of >50 iu/mL) positive. Patients who were tTG negative but found IgA deficient (1 patient) was also selected for upper GI endoscopy and biopsy fragments were taken from second part of duodenum (D2) sent for histopathology.Results: Mean age of studied children was 8.33 ± 3.64 years. Out of 59 children with liver disease, 32.2% were tTG positive of whom female were 8 (13.6%) and male 11 (18.6%). Mean age at diagnosis of all patients with tTG positive group was 8.24 ± 2.78 (range 4-12) years. Among 19 sero-positive patients, short stature was found in 57.9% children. Mean Hb level in tTG positive group was 8.83 ± 2.64 gm/dl and in tTG negative group (10.27 ± 1.74 gm/dl). Sixteen (84.2%) out of 19 tTG positive patients had raised S. ALT. Out of 19 tTG positive children, endoscopy was done in 15 cases (endoscopy could not be done in 4 patients due to persistently raised PT) along with 1 patient who was IgA deficient. Endoscopic changes were mosaic and scalloping of D2 mucosa in 1 and 2 cases respectively. Histological changes compatible with CD were found in 5 (31.3%) patients. Marsh 3a category was found in 2 (12.5%) cases and 3b in 3 (18.8%) cases.Conclusion: In the present study, 32.2% liver disease cases were found tTG positive. Histological changes compatible with CD were found in about one-third cases. Screening for celiac disease may be included in the diagnostic tests for evaluation of liver disease in children.Bangladesh J Child Health 2016; VOL 40 (3) :144-148
Abstract from Current Literature Vol.40(3)
Authors: Editor -
Published: June 2017

Abstract not availableBangladesh J Child Health 2016; VOL 40 (3) :189-190
Women and Leadership in Higher Education in China: Discourse and the Discursive Construction of Identity
Authors: Zhao Jiayi , Jones Karen
Published: June 2017

Prior research indicates that just 4.5 percent of mainland China’s higher educational institution leaders are female. This article extends theory and research by drawing attention to identity and Discourse as an important, yet under-researched, aspect of the problem of women’s underrepresentation in higher education leadership. Drawing on in-depth qualitative interviews with nine female academics in Chinese universities and informed by discursive approaches to identity and constructionist views, we analyze how women construct multiple identities, the interplay of identities, and the influence of broader societal Discourses of gender and leadership. The findings highlight the interplay between competing multiple identities, and illustrate how the women’s identities are shaped and constrained by dominant historical and cultural Discourses in Chinese society, which results in identity regulation (Alvesson and Billing 2009), notably identity positioning that is congruent with social norms and conventions. A key finding is that the female academics reject the leader identity. This is true for those in middle management positions, as well as women in early career stages, who might otherwise aspire to leadership. Implications for the leadership pipeline in China’s universities is discussed and recommendations are made for future research directions.
Ultra-Low Reflectivity Anti-Reflection Coating on a Plastic Cover Slip in Liquid for He-Ne Laser Light
Authors: Hsu Jin-Cherng , Cho Heng-Ying , Hsieh Tsang-Yen , Wang Jyh-Liang
Published: June 2017

An ultra-low anti-reflection optical coating on both surfaces of a plastic cover slip was studied for use in confocal image measurements. The optical reflectance at a wavelength of 632.8 nm was less than 0.1% when the coated sample was placed in a liquid having a refractive index of 1.34, close to the aqueous solution of the biomaterial. The high- and low-index coating films, Substance-2 (PrTiO3) and silicon dioxide (SiO2), were measured by an ellipsometer to determine their optical refraction indices and extinction coefficients. Theoretically, when the two layer thicknesses are designed using the optical admittance diagram of the cover slip to approach the equivalent index of 1.34, a reflectance of 1.6 × 10−5% in the liquid could be obtained. Experimentally, the reflectance of the sample deposited on the two faces of the cover slip was 4.223 ± 0.145% as measured in the air; and 0.050 ± 0.002% as measured by a He-Ne laser in the liquid.
Laminar-Turbulent Patterning in Transitional Flows
Authors: Manneville Paul
Published: June 2017

Wall-bounded flows experience a transition to turbulence characterized by the coexistence of laminar and turbulent domains in some range of Reynolds number R, the natural control parameter. This transitional regime takes place between an upper threshold R t above which turbulence is uniform (featureless) and a lower threshold R g below which any form of turbulence decays, possibly at the end of overlong chaotic transients. The most emblematic cases of flow along flat plates transiting to/from turbulence according to this scenario are reviewed. The coexistence is generally in the form of bands, alternatively laminar and turbulent, and oriented obliquely with respect to the general flow direction. The final decay of the bands at R g points to the relevance of directed percolation and criticality in the sense of statistical-physics phase transitions. The nature of the transition at R t where bands form is still somewhat mysterious and does not easily fit the scheme holding for pattern-forming instabilities at increasing control parameter on a laminar background. In contrast, the bands arise at R t out of a uniform turbulent background at a decreasing control parameter. Ingredients of a possible theory of laminar-turbulent patterning are discussed.
An Oceanic Ultra-Violet Catastrophe, Wave-Particle Duality and a Strongly Nonlinear Concept for Geophysical Turbulence
Authors: Polzin Kurt , Lvov Yuri
Published: June 2017

There is no theoretical underpinning that successfully explains how turbulent mixing is fed by wave breaking associated with nonlinear wave-wave interactions in the background oceanic internal wavefield. We address this conundrum using one-dimensional ray tracing simulations to investigate interactions between high frequency internal waves and inertial oscillations in the extreme scale separated limit known as “Induced Diffusion”. Here, estimates of phase locking are used to define a resonant process (a resonant well) and a non-resonant process that results in stochastic jumps. The small amplitude limit consists of jumps that are small compared to the scale of the resonant well. The ray tracing simulations are used to estimate the first and second moments of a wave packet’s vertical wavenumber as it evolves from an initial condition. These moments are compared with predictions obtained from the diffusive approximation to a self-consistent kinetic equation derived in the ‘Direct Interaction Approximation’. Results indicate that the first and second moments of the two systems evolve in a nearly identical manner when the inertial field has amplitudes an order of magnitude smaller than oceanic values. At realistic (oceanic) amplitudes, though, the second moment estimated from the ray tracing simulations is inhibited. The transition is explained by the stochastic jumps obtaining the characteristic size of the resonant well. We interpret this transition as an adiabatic ‘saturation’ process which changes the nominal background wavefield from supporting no mixing to the point where that background wavefield defines the normalization for oceanic mixing models.
Adipokines in Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Buechler Christa , Haberl Elisabeth , Rein-Fischboeck Lisa , Aslanidis Charalampos
Published: June 2017

Liver fibrosis can progress to cirrhosis, which is considered a serious disease. The Child-Pugh score and the model of end-stage liver disease score have been established to assess residual liver function in patients with liver cirrhosis. The development of portal hypertension contributes to ascites, variceal bleeding and further complications in these patients. A transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is used to lower portal pressure, which represents a major improvement in the treatment of patients. Adipokines are proteins released from adipose tissue and modulate hepatic fibrogenesis. These proteins affect various biological processes that are involved in liver function, including angiogenesis, vasodilation, inflammation and deposition of extracellular matrix proteins. The best studied adipokines are adiponectin and leptin. Adiponectin protects against hepatic inflammation and fibrogenesis, and leptin functions as a profibrogenic factor. These and other adipokines are supposed to modulate disease severity in patients with liver cirrhosis. Consequently, circulating levels of these proteins have been analyzed to identify associations with parameters of hepatic function, portal hypertension and its associated complications in patients with liver cirrhosis. This review article briefly addresses the role of adipokines in hepatitis and liver fibrosis. Here, studies having analyzed these proteins in systemic blood in cirrhotic patients are listed to identify adipokines that are comparably changed in the different cohorts of patients with liver cirrhosis. Some studies measured these proteins in systemic, hepatic and portal vein blood or after TIPS to specify the tissues contributing to circulating levels of these proteins and the effect of portal hypertension, respectively.
The Novel HDAC8 Inhibitor WK2-16 Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Activated Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Expression in Human Monocytic Cells and Improves Hypercytokinemia In Vivo
Authors: Jan Jing-Shiun , Chou Yung-Chen , Cheng Yu-Wen , Chen Chih-Kuang , Huang Wei-Jan , Hsiao George
Published: June 2017

Dysregulated human monocytes/macrophages can synthesize and secrete matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which play important roles in the progression of sepsis. In this study, we investigated the effects and mechanism of a novel histone deacetylase (HDAC8) inhibitor, (E)-N-hydroxy-4-methoxy-2-(biphenyl-4-yl)cinnamide (WK2-16), on MMP-9 production and activation in stimulated human monocytic THP-1 cells. Our results demonstrated that the acetylation level of structural maintenance of chromosomes 3 (SMC3) was up-regulated by WK2-16 in THP-1 cells. Consistently, an in vitro enzyme study demonstrated that WK2-16 selectively inhibited HDAC8 activity. Moreover, the WK2-16 concentration dependently suppressed MMP-9-mediated gelatinolysis induced by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Additionally, WK2-16 significantly inhibited both MMP-9 protein and mRNA expression without cellular toxicity. Nevertheless, WK2-16 suppressed the extracellular levels of interleukin (IL)-6 from LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells. For the signaling studies, WK2-16 had no effect on LPS/TLR4 downstream signaling pathways, such as the NF-κB and ERK/JNK/P38 MAPK pathways. On the other hand, WK2-16 enhanced the recruitment of acetylated Yin Yang 1 (YY1) with HDAC1. Finally, in vivo studies indicated that WK2-16 could reduce the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in endotoxemic mice. These results suggested that HDAC8 inhibition might provide a novel therapeutic strategy of hypercytokinemia in sepsis.
Controlling Morphology and Aggregation in Semiconducting Polymers: The Role of Solvents on Lasing Emission in Poly[2-methoxy-5-(2′-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene-vinylene]
Authors: Liu Minghuan , Liu Yonggang , Peng Zenghui , Yang Chengliang , Mu Quanquan , Cao Zhaoliang , Ma Ji , Xuan Li
Published: June 2017

Systematic experiments were performed to investigate solvent-dependent morphology and aggregation of the semiconducting polymer film poly[2-methoxy-5-(2′-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene-vinylene] (MEH-PPV), which was span-cast from nonaromatic strong polarity solvents tetrahydrofuran (THF), trichloromethane (TCM) and aromatic weak polarity solvents chlorobenzene (CB), toluene, and p-xylene. The results indicated that the conformation of the spin-cast MEH-PPV films with weak aggregation such as THF and TCM demonstrated excellent lasing emission performances because of inhibiting the fluorescence quenching induced by bi-molecule process. The Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) images confirmed the distinct morphologies of the spin-cast MEH-PPV films. The amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) was investigated in a simple asymmetric slab planar waveguide structure by methods of variable stripe length (VSL) and shifting excitation stripe (SES). The amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) experiments confirmed the distinct polymer chain conformation. The conformation, which preserved from the spin-cast process, indicated the distinct interactions between solvents and MEH-PPV polymer chains. The pure film spectra were performed to confirm the effect of distinct conformation on the material energy level. This work provides insights into the morphology and aggregation effect of the spin-cast polymer films on the performances of lasers.
In Vitro Degradation of Pure Magnesium―The Effects of Glucose and/or Amino Acid
Authors: Wang Yu , Cui Lan-Yue , Zeng Rong-Chang , Li Shuo-Qi , Zou Yu-Hong , Han En-Hou
Published: June 2017

The influences of glucose and amino acid (L-cysteine) on the degradation of pure magnesium have been investigated using SEM, XRD, Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and immersion tests. The results demonstrate that both amino acid and glucose inhibit the corrosion of pure magnesium in saline solution, whereas the presence of both amino acid and glucose accelerates the corrosion rate of pure magnesium. This may be due to the formation of -C=N- bonding (a functional group of Schiff bases) between amino acid and glucose, which restricts the formation of the protective Mg(OH)2 precipitates.
Morphology and Crystallography of Ausferrite in Austempered Ductile Iron
Authors: Wang Chengduo , Du Xueshan , Li Songjie , Sun Yufu , Yang Peixu
Published: June 2017

The microstructure of austempered ductile iron was investigated by electron backscatter diffraction technique. The results show that the orientation relationship between acicular bainitic ferrite and austenite is Greninger–Troiano relationship. A single austenite grain is divided into four packets and each packet contains six variants that share a {011}α (i.e., {111}γ) plane. When two γ grains are twinned, the twins share a {111}γ plane and have seven packets. The adjacent acicular bainitic ferrite plates (or laths) sharing a 〈 001 〉 γ axis have small misorientation of about 5.7°. The adjacent acicular bainitic ferrite plates (or laths) not sharing a 〈 001 〉 γ axis have two high misorientation angles of ~54.3° and ~60.0°. Further, the low angle boundary to high angle boundary ratio is far less than the ratio of the variant pairs with small misorientation to the ones with large misorientation. This work is available for structures obtained as a consequence of the heat treatment of austempering.
Separation and Pre-Concentration of Pb and Cd in Water Samples Using 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5(4H)-thione (HTT) and Their Determination by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)
Authors: Kumar Nadavala , Dharmendra Vummiti , Sreenivasulu Vudagandla , Asif Mohammad , Ibrahim Ahmed , Balaram Vysetti
Published: June 2017

A new method for the separation, pre-concentration and accurate determination of trace amounts of Pb and Cd in water samples using Amberlite XAD-16 resin functionalized with a new chelating ligand, 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5(4H)-thione (HTT), Amberlite XAD-16-HTT and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) is reported in the present study. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to characterize the chelating resin. The effects of analytical parameters such as the pH of the medium, amount of adsorbent, type and volume of eluent, flow rate of the sample solution, volume of the sample solution, and matrix interference on the retention of metal ions were investigated. Also, 1 M HNO3 was used for the elution of the sorbed metals, and ICP-AES was used for the analysis of elutes offline. The results indicate that pH 5 is the optimum pH for the sorption of Pb and Cd ions. The limit of detection was found to be 0.16 and 0.22 μg/L for Pb and Cd, respectively, by applying a pre-concentration factor of 50. The method was validated using the international water reference material (NIST 1643e). The developed enrichment method has a high selectivity, sensitivity, and reproducibility; this method was successfully applied for the determination of Pb and Cd in surface water samples collected in Nellore District, Penner River belt as well as Bay of Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Chlorogenic Acid Ameliorates Experimental Colitis by Promoting Growth of Akkermansia in Mice
Authors: Zhang Zhan , Wu Xinyue , Cao Shuyuan , Cromie Meghan , Shen Yonghua , Feng Yiming , Yang Hui , Li Lei
Published: June 2017

Chlorogenic acid (ChA)—one of the most abundant polyphenol compounds in the human diet—exerts anti-inflammatory activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ChA on gut microbiota in ulcerative colitis (UC). Colitis was induced by 2.5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in C57BL/6 mice, which were on a control diet or diet with ChA (1 mM). The histopathological changes and inflammation were evaluated. Fecal samples were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. ChA attenuated several effects of DSS-induced colitis, including weight loss, increased disease activity index, and improved mucosal damage. Moreover, ChA could significantly suppress the secretion of IFNγ, TNFα, and IL-6 and the colonic infiltration of F4/80+ macrophages, CD3+ T cells, and CD177+ neutrophils via inhibition of the active NF-κB signaling pathway. In addition, ChA decreased the proportion of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. ChA also enhanced a reduction in fecal microbiota diversity in DSS treated mice. Interestingly, ChA treatment markedly increased the proportion of the mucin-degrading bacterium Akkermansia in colitis mice. ChA acted as the intestine-modifying gut microbial community structure, resulting in a lower intestinal and systemic inflammation and also improving the course of the DSS-induced colitis, which is associated with a proportional increase in Akkermansia.
Tailoring Drug Release Properties by Gradual Changes in the Particle Engineering of Polysaccharide Chitosan Based Powders
Authors: Do Nascimento Ednaldo , De Caland Lilia , De Medeiros Arthur , Fernandes-Pedrosa Matheus , Soares-Sobrinho José , Dos Santos Kátia , Da Silva-Júnior Arnóbio
Published: June 2017

Chitosan is a natural copolymer generally available in pharmaceutical and food powders associated with drugs, vitamins, and nutraceuticals. This study focused on monitoring the effect of the morphology and structural features of the chitosan particles for controlling the release profile of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) propranolol hydrochloride. Chitosan with distinct molecular mass (low and medium) were used in the formulations as crystalline and irregular particles from commercial raw material, or as spherical, uniform, and amorphous spray-dried particles. The API–copolymer interactions were assessed when adding the drug before (drug-loaded particles) or after the spray drying (only mixed with blank particles). The formulations were further compared with physical mixtures of the API with chitin and microcrystalline cellulose. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, surface area, particle size measurements, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and drug loading have supported the drug release behavior. The statistical analysis of experimental data demonstrated that it was possible to control the drug release behavior (immediate or slow drug release) from chitosan powders using different types of particles.