bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of Science and Technology: Post-Crisis Assessments
Authors: Mamedyarov Z.
Published: May 2022

The COVID 19 pandemic, which dragged on for more than two years, led to large-scale shifts in the major sectors of the world economy and affected the S&T sphere. The paper considers the main factors that have influenced innovative development, the choice of S&T priorities by major countries and corporations, as well as the crisis phenomena aggravated in the S&T sphere. It shows the growth of research and development costs in a narrow group of corporations in the biopharmaceutical and information and communication sectors with stagnating costs in other sectors, the large-scale growth of publication activity, the uneven growth of tax incentives from the states, the importance of “open innovations” in modern science. It is noted that the intensity of researches and developments all over the world grew in 2020–2021 even in those companies where the total expenses on science and innovations decreased, thus the consequences of the crisis will be appreciable up to the end of the current decade. Legislative innovations in the technological sphere in the USA were especially noted, comparative estimations with innovative development of China were carried out, and the prospects of technological confrontation between the two countries were outlined. The questions of tax stimulation of innovative activity and ambiguity of definition of expenses on research and development in corporations of information-communication industry were also considered. The trends in the most science-intensive industry, biotechnology and pharmaceuticals, which occupies the first place in the world both in terms of spending on science and innovation, and the number of highly qualified jobs, are considered separately. The processes holding back the industry that could not be overcome during the pandemic are shown. Given the fundamental importance of patenting (a strict intellectual property control regime), initiatives to relinquish some of the rights to medicines (including vaccines) associated with the coronavirus and weaken the intellectual property protection regime in the next decade look unpromising. By the end of 2022, we should expect a decline in investor interest in vaccines and a return to the traditional focus of industry companies on rare diseases and the development of drugs against them.
Akibat Hukum Pemegang Hak Tanggungan Yang Tidak Mendaftarkan Sebagai Kreditor Dalam Kepailitan
Authors: Ariyanto Ariyanto
Published: May 2022

This study focuses on the dualism of security law and bankruptcy law. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze two issues: first, the legal consequences for mortgage holders who are not registered as creditors as well as the 60-days expiration of self-execution in bankruptcy; and second,legal protection for mortgage holders who are not registered as creditors following the expiration period for self-execution in bankruptcy. This is a normative legal research with a statutory, conceptual and case approaches. The results of the study conclude: first, the legal consequences for the mortgage holders not registered as a creditor resulting in the mortgage holder being unable to collectthe debtor's obligations as they have been declared bankrupt and insolvent; Second, the object of collateral that cannot be sold through a public auction at the request of the curator must be submitted by the mortgage holder to the curator and becomes the debtor's bankrupted asset (boedel).
Pengaturan Pengendalian Covid-19 Dalam Perspektif Hak Atas Lingkungan Hidup Yang Baik Dan Sehat
Authors: Winarni Fajar
Published: May 2022

The right to a good and healthy environment is one of the fundamental human rights, which consequently obliges the state to respect, protect, and fulfill the right. This study aims to analyze the Covid-19 control arrangements associated with the fulfillment of the right to a good and healthy environment, as well as the efforts that can be made if the right is not fulfilled due to Covid-19. This is a normative research, which the data collection technique is carried out by literature study. The results of the study conclude that various regulations have been issued to control the spread of Covid-19, while the fulfillment of the right to a good and healthy environment must be understood as a unit by ensuring the fulfillment of other procedural rights, namely the right to access to information, the right to access to participation, and the right to participate. Access to justice. Efforts that can be made if the right to a good and healthy environment is not fulfilled is that anyone can sue to the court on the grounds that the Government has failed to fulfill its obligations. However, in the event that the Government cannot be sued legally, because the Covid-19 outbreak is a force majeure situation, which cannot be predicted in advance, thus the Government continues to take responsibility conscientiously, namely as a means of fulfilling state responsibilities as the highest public organizational body for situations that arise and affected the people.
The Perception of Millennial Generation on Religious Moderation through Social Media in the Digital Era
Authors: Febriani Suci Ramadhanti , Ritonga Apri Wardana
Published: May 2022

The phenomenon of learning religion through social media is rife among the millennial generation. This is an opportunity for the internalization of religious moderation in the millennial environment. This study aims to reveal the millennial generation's perception of religious moderation through social media. This study uses a qualitative research design with case study methods, while data collection techniques include interviews, observation, and documentation integrally with data analysis techniques through the theory of Milles and Huberman. This study shows that the millennial generation's perception of the implementation of religious moderation can be internalized through social media intermediaries with video, reading articles, and intensive persuasion strategies from social media content owners. The research findings illustrate that the phenomenon of the implementation of religious moderation in the millennial generation can be improved through the distribution of religious materials that are relevant to modern issues without reducing the essence of religious education. This study recommends further research to examine the effectiveness of understanding religious moderation in the younger generation in dealing with pluralism in Indonesia.
BRICS-T Ülkelerinde Ekonomik Karmaşıklık ve Küreselleşme İlişkisi: Panel Veri Analizi
Authors: BUCAK Çağla
Published: May 2022

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, ekonomik, sosyal ve politik küreselleşmenin ekonomik karmaşıklık üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmak ve gerekli politika önerilerini sunmaktır.
Tasarım/Yöntem: Çalışmada BRICS-T ülkelerinin 1995-2018 dönemindeki ekonomik karmaşıklık endeksi, KOF ekonomik küreselleşme endeksi, KOF sosyal küreselleşme endeksi ve KOF politik küreselleşme endeksi değişkenleri kullanılarak panel veri analizi yapılmıştır. Bu nedenle Pesaran CD (2004) testi, Pesaran ve Yamagata (2008) homojenlik testi, Pesaran (2007) CADF testi, Westerlund (2007) panel eşbütünleşme testi ve Eberhardt ve Bond (2009) AMG yöntemi kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Çalışmanın bulgularına göre seriler arasında eşbütünleşme ilişkisi vardır. Rusya’da ekonomik küreselleşmenin artması ekonomik karmaşıklığı artırmaktadır. Ekonomik küreselleşme endeksinde görülen 1 birimlik artış ekonomik karmaşıklığı Rusya’da 0.031 birim artırmaktadır. Brezilya’da, Hindistan’da Rusya’da, Güney Afrika’da ve tüm panelde sosyal küreselleşmenin artması ekonomik karmaşıklığı azaltmaktadır. Sosyal küreselleşme endeksinde görülecek 1 birimlik artış ekonomik karmaşıklıkta sırasıyla 0.025, 0.033, 0.030, 0.015 ve 0.014 birimlik azalmaya yol açmaktadır. Ancak Türkiye’de sosyal küreselleşme endeksinin 1 birim artması ekonomik karmaşıklığı 0.020 birim artırmaktadır. Son olarak Hindistan ve Rusya’da politik küreselleşmede görülen 1 birimlik artış ekonomik karmaşıklığı sırasıyla 0.038 ve 0.083 birim artırmaktadır.
Sınırlılıklar: Çalışmanın sınırlılığı, dahil edilen ülke sayısı ve ekonomik karmaşıklık endeksine ait verilerin 1995-2018 dönemine ait olmasıdır.
Özgünlük/Değer: Bu konuda yayımlanmış çalışma sayısı oldukça azdır. Ayrıca çalışma en güncel dönem için yapılacağından literatüre katkı sağlayacaktır.
Türkiye’de Farklı Parasal Göstergeler ve İstihdam Değişimlerinin Ekonomik Büyümeye Etkisi
Authors: ERGİN ÜNAL Ayşe , NAS Serkan
Published: May 2022

Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’de farklı parasal göstergeler ve istihdam değişimlerinin ekonomik büyümeye etkisini özelllikle parasal aktarım mekanizması kredi kanalının etkinliği yoluyla belirlemektir.
Tasarım/Yöntem: Çalışmada değişkenler arasındaki eşbütünleşme ilişkisi, değişkenlerin durağanlık durumunu dikkate alarak yapılan ARDL Sınır testi ile sınanmıştır.
Bulgular: Uzun dönem katsayı tahmininde %5 anlamlılık düzeyinde istihdam oranı (IST) ve ihtiyaç kredi faiz oranı (IKF) değişkeni sanayi üretim endeksi (SUE) değişkeni üzerinde pozitif etkiye sahip iken tüketici kredi faiz oranı (TUKF) değişkeninin ise negatif etkiye sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Para arzı (M3) değişkeni %10 seviyesinde anlamlılık düzeyine sahipken USD, mevduat banka kredileri (MBK) ve ticari kredi faiz oranı (TKF) değişkenlerinin istatistiksel olarak anlamsız olduğu tespit edilmiştir. IST ve IKF değişkenindeki 1 birimlik artış SUE üzerinde yaklaşık 3 birim artışa sebep olurken, TUKF değişkenindeki 1 birimlik artış SUE üzerinde yaklaşık 2,5 birimlik azalışa sebep olmaktadır. M3 değişkeninin %10 anlamlılık düzeyinde değerlendirildiğinde SUE üzerinde 1,43E-08 birim artışa sebep olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Modelin kısa dönem katsayıları incelendiğinde %5 anlamlılık düzeyinde IST ve M3 değişkeninin bir gecikmeli değerlerinin SUE değişkeni üzerinde etkili olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
Sınırlılıklar: Türkiye’de yaşanan bankacılık krizleri sonrası oluşan yeni para politikası araçlarının kullanılması ve tarihsel süreçte daha geriye gidilmemesi çalışmanın kısıtı olup çalışmada 2006 sonrası veriler kullanılmıştır.
Özgünlük/Değer: Ekonometrik analizde Eviews paket programı yanında Phyton programlama dili de kullanılarak elde edilen bulgular çok daha detaylı ve açıklayıcı olarak sunulmaktadır. Bu bağlamda kullanılan değişkenler ve parasal aktarım mekanizması sürecinde yer alan üretime bağlı istihdam ve çıktı artışına dayanan ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesine yönelik ekonometrik sonuçlar, faiz kararları ve para politikası uygulamalarına dair açıklamaların dikkate değer olduğu düşünülmektedir.
Experiences of Canadian Female Orthopaedic Surgeons in the Workplace
Authors: Hiemstra Laurie A. , Kerslake Sarah , Clark Marcia , Temple-Oberle Claire , Boynton Erin
Published: May 2022

Background:

Only 13.6% of orthopaedic surgeons in Canada are women, even though there is nothing inherent to the practice of orthopaedic surgery that favors men over women. Clearly, there is a need to identify, define, and measure the barriers faced by women in orthopaedic surgery.

Methods:

An electronic survey was distributed to 330 female-identifying Canadian orthopaedic surgeons and trainees and included the validated Gender Bias Scale (GBS) and questions about career burnout. The barriers for women in Canadian orthopaedics were identified using the GBS. The relationships between the GBS and burnout were investigated. Open-text questions explored the barriers perceived by female orthopaedic surgeons.

Results:

The survey was completed by 220 female orthopaedic surgeons and trainees (66.7%). Five barriers to gender equity were identified from the GBS: Constrained Communication, Unequal Standards, Male Culture, Lack of Mentoring, and Workplace Harassment. Career burnout correlated with the GBS domains of Male Privilege (r = 0.215; p < 0.01), Disproportionate Constraints (r = 0.152; p < 0.05), and Devaluation (r = 0.166; p < 0.05). Five main themes emerged from the open-text responses, of which 4 linked closely to the barriers identified in the GBS. Work-life integration was also identified qualitatively as a theme, most notably the difficulty of balancing disproportionate parental and childcare responsibilities alongside career aspirations.

Conclusions:

In this study, 5 barriers to workplace equity for Canadian female orthopaedic surgeons were identified using the validated GBS and substantiated with qualitative assessment using a mixed-methods approach. Awareness of these barriers is a necessary step toward dismantling them and changing the prevailing culture to be fair and equitable for all.

Clinical Relevance:

A just and equitable orthopaedic profession is imperative to have healthy and thriving surgeons who are able to provide optimal patient care.
Geomechanical Model for Frictional Contacting and Intersecting Fracture Networks: An Improved 3D Displacement Discontinuity Method
Authors: Fan Hongzhuo , Shao Jianfu , Li Sanbai
Published: May 2022

The displacement discontinuity method (DDM) is widely used in large-scale engineering problems, such as hydraulic fracturing stimulation in unconventional reservoirs and enhanced geothermal systems, due to its convenient calculation and high precision. Although the 3D-DDM based on triangular elements can more accurately describe intrinsically geometric characteristics of artificial/natural fractures, due to the disadvantage of constant DDM, it will still produce large errors when calculating frictional contacting, close-spacing, and intersecting fractures, which greatly limits the universality of DDM in complex fracture networks. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, few DDM-based models are capable of tackling partially contacting fracture networks with arbitrary intersecting angles. In this paper, we propose a more efficient 3D-DDM algorithm via integrating the analytical solution, the 20-point Gaussian quadrature formula for standard triangles (GQSTS) integration algorithm, and the adaptive Gaussian-Kronrod integration algorithm. Then, combining the “local mesh refinement” grid, the Mohr-Coulomb correction for negative fracture aperture, and two rough fracture deletion strategies, the optimized 3D-DDM algorithm with broader versatility is established. All optimization measures are validated by the relevant fracture model. In the optimized 3D-DDM algorithm, (1) the “local mesh refinement” technique effectively improves the calculation accuracy of intersecting fractures; (2) the adaptive Gaussian-Kronrod integration algorithm not only improves the integration accuracy of high oscillation functions but is also 50% faster than the traditional Gaussian integration algorithm; (3) the Mohr-Coulomb criterion serves as a rigorous constraint for frictional contacting fractures to avoid the occurrence of negative fracture aperture; and (4) using the rough “deep deletion” or “shallow deletion” strategy to replace the ultrahigh-quality mesh generation can more conveniently maintain the accuracy of the complex fractures model. This optimized 3D-DDM algorithm may serve as a basis for simulating nonplanar 3D fracture swarms’ evolution, allowing for frictional contacting, closespacing, and intersecting fractures.
Genomics of SOX13 gene is dynamic in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Choudhury Shouhartha
Published: May 2022

The encoded SOX13 gene from the HMG-box genes family is testis associated with the HMG-box domain bound with DNA. The HMG-box associated genes play a dominant role during the growth. Precisely, SOX13 is an insulin-dependent gene located on chromosome 1. The insulin is substantial proof of the genomics variance of the SOX13 gene illustrates the statement of sensibility in type-1 diabetes (T1D). SOX13 identified in islets also exocrine pancreas and initiated as a vital auto-antigen (ICA12). The beta-cell antigens stimulate the mechanisms of peripheral tolerance. The approval of the SOX13 gene as an auto-antigen is an effective marker for autoimmunity. So, I aimed to an analysis of SOX13 gene from the family of SRY-related HMG-box genes in the mammal. Therefore, I performed bioinformatics and computational application for experimentation of particular gene and their family in two different organisms. My finding provided a genomic variability of the SOX13 gene is sensitive in T1D. Therefore, I documented the SOX13 gene and their molecular mechanism and total HMG-box domains in Homo sapiens and Mus musculus. A computational and bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that SOX13 is an insulin-dependent gene. The series of reports suggested unique aspects of SRY-related HMG-box genes during the growth of organisms. My findings justified that the HMG-box genes play essential roles during the development of mammals. In contrast, the high mobility group (HMG-box) of the SOX13 is an insulin-dependent gene.
The importance of children and young person involvement in scoping the need for a paediatric glucocorticoid-associated patient reported outcome measure
Authors: Singhal Shabnam , Sm Eve MD , Roper Louise , Pain Clare
Published: May 2022

Background: For many children and young people (CYP) with paediatric rheumatic conditions, glucocorticoid medications and their associated side-effects have a substantial impact on disease experience. Whilst there are physician-rated measures of glucocorticoid toxicity, no parallel patient reported measure has been developed to date for CYP with rheumatic disease. This manuscript describes a series of public patient involvement (PPI) events to inform the development of a future paediatric glucocorticoid-associated patient reported outcome measure (PROM). Methods: One large group PPI event was advertised to CYP with experience of glucocorticoid medication use and their parents through clinicians, charities and existing PPI groups. This featured education on the team’s research into glucocorticoid medication and interactive polls/structured discussion to help participants share their experiences. Further engagement was sought for PPI group work to co-develop future glucocorticoid studies, including development of a glucocorticoid associated PROM. Quantitative and qualitative feedback was collected from online questionnaires. The initiative was held virtually due to the Covid-19 pandemic.Results: Nine families (n=15) including 6 CYP joined the large group PPI event. Online pre-attendance and post-attendance questionnaires showed improvement in mean self-reported confidence [1=not at all confident, 5=very confident] in the following: what steroid medications are (pre=3.9, post=4.8), steroid side effects (pre=3.8, post=4.6), patient-reported outcome measures (pre=2.0, post=4.5), available research on steroids (pre=2.2, post=3.5). Five families (n=7) were involved in a monthly PPI group who worked alongside the research team to identify priorities in glucocorticoid research, produce age-appropriate study materials, identify barriers to study participation (e.g. accessibility & convenience) and recommend appropriate modalities for dissemination. The participants found discussing shared experiences and learning about research to be the most enjoyable aspects of the initiative.Conclusions: This PPI initiative provided a valuable forum for families, including young children, to share their perspectives. Here, the authors explore the effective use of PPI in a virtual setting and provide a unique case study for the involvement of CYP in PROM development. The monthly PPI group also identified a need for the development of a new PROM related to glucocorticoid medication use and provided unique insights into how such a study could be structured. Trial Registration: Not Applicable
Evaluation of metal contamination in surface sediments and macroalgae in mangrove and port complex ecosystems on the Brazilian Equatorial Margin
Authors: Cutrim Marco Valério Jansen , Corrêa James Jordan Marques
Published: May 2022

This study evaluated metal contamination in surface sediments and macroalgae of mangroves and port complexes on the Brazilian equatorial margin. Samples were collected between August 2020 and February 2021 at seven points in a mangrove swamp under the influence of port activity and at two points without port activity. Metal concentrations in the macroalgae and sediments were determined using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. All macroalgal species bioaccumulated metals, as demonstrated by their bioaccumulation factors. The geochemical contamination indices indicated that the estuarine complex was influenced by port activity as moderately contaminated by Pb, Cr, Mn, and Fe, and considerably contaminated by Zn and Cu. The enrichment factor confirmed significant mineral enrichment of Zn and Cu in this environment. The concentrations of the metals in the sediment followed the order Fe > Mn > Cr > Zn > Cu > Pb at most collection points. Cladophoropsis membranacea recorded the highest bioaccumulation values for Pb (0.44), Rhizoclonium africanum for Zn (1.08), Cr (0.55), and Fe (0.30), and Bostrychia radicans for Mn (2.22). The bioaccumulation pattern of metals in the most abundant macroalgal species followed the order Bostrychia radicans (Mn > Zn > Cu > Cr > Pb > Fe) and Rhizoclonium africanum (Zn > Mn > Cr > Cu > Pb > Fe).
Severe hyperlactatemia in unselected surgical patients. Retrospective analysis of prognostic outcome factors.
Authors: Spiegelberg Julia , Lederer Ann-Kathrin , Claus Sibylla , Runkel Mira , Utzolino Stefan , Fichtner-Feigl Stefan , Kousoulas Lampros
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUNDEtiology of hyperlactatemia in ICU patients is heterogeneous - septic, cardiogenic or hemorrhagic shock seem to be predominant reasons. Multiple studies show hyperlactatemia as an independent predictor for ICU mortality. Only limited data exists about the etiology of hyperlactatemia and lactate clearance and their influence on mortality. The goal of this single-center retrospective study, was to evaluate the effect of severe hyperlactatemia and reduced lactate clearance rate on the outcome of unselected ICU surgical patients. METHODSOverall, 239 surgical patients with severe hyperlactatemia (>10 mmol/L) who were treated in the surgical ICU at the University Medical Center Freiburg between June 2011 and August 2017, were included in this study. The cause of the hyperlactatemia as well as the postoperative course and the patient morbidity and mortality were retrospectively analyzed. Lactate clearance was calculated by comparing lactate level 12h after first measurement of >10mmol/L.RESULTSThe overall mortality rate in our cohort was 82.4%. Severe hyperlactatemia was associated with death in the ICU (p<0.001). The main etiologic factor was sepsis (51.9%), followed by mesenteric ischemia (15.1%), hemorrhagic shock (13.8%) and liver failure (9.6%). Higher lactate levels at ICU admission were associated with increased mortality (p< 0.001). Lactate clearance after 12h was found to predict ICU mortality (ANOVA p<0.001) with an overall clearance of under 50% within 12h. The median percentage of clearance was 60.3% within 12h for the survivor and 29.1% for the non-survivor group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONLactate levels appropriately reflect disease severity and are associated with short-term mortality in critically ill patients. The main etiologic factor for surgical patients is sepsis. When elevated lactate levels persist more than 12h, survival chances are low and the benefit of continued maximum therapy should be evaluated.
Developing an Explainable Machine Learning Algorithm to Predict the Mechanical Ventilation Duration of Patients with ARDS in Intensive Care Units
Authors: Wang Zichen , Zhang Luming , Huang Tao , Yang Rui , Wang Hao , Yin Haiyan , Lyu Jun
Published: May 2022

Objective: This study aimed to develop an explainable model for predicting mechanical ventilation (MV) duration in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) using on a machine learning (ML) approach.Method: Of the 4443 patients with ARDS in the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-IV database, 2702 were selected to construct feature set A (age at admission, BMI, Acute Physiology Score III [APS-III], Sequential Organ Failure Assessment [SOFA] score, and other features at MV initiation), and 2228 patients remained for construct feature sets B (age, APS-III, SOFA score, and remaining features after 24 hours MV) and C (A+B). After feature sets were randomly assigned with 70% in a training cohort and 30% in a testing cohort, tenfold cross-validation was conducted on training cohort to determine the best performing model, which was accessed in the related testing cohort and explained using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP).Result: The tenfold cross-validation results indicated that the Extreme Gradient Boosting model had the best performance on the training set (root-mean-square error [RMSE]=5.78 days [SD=0.52 days]) among six algorithms. The Bland–Altman plot and paired sample t-test results indicated that the predicted and actual values of the optimal model were consistent, with RMSE=6.85 days. The SHAP results indicated that the three most important features for the model were APS-III, age, and BMI, and there was an obvious effect of the interaction between APS-III and age on the SHAP value.Conclusion: ML models can accurately predict the MV duration of patients with ARDS in intensive care units. The feature set based at MV initiation had better predictive performance than the feature set at 24 hours after MV.
The Association of Serum RANKL Levels with disease activity and Hematological Parameters in Syrian Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Hussein Rama , Abokhamis Imad
Published: May 2022

Our study aims to detect whether the serum RANKL could be a novel potential biomarker for activity and diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It included fifty-eight of RA patients and thirty of equal age and sex matched controls. Disease activity was determined by using DAS28-ESR. Serum Levels of RANKL were assayed by ELISA and compared with parameters such as ESR, CRP, Rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPA). The serum RANKL levels were higher in RA patients compared to controls. There was an increase in its levels mean among post-menopausal patients compared to post-menopausal healthy group. RANKL levels were also higher in ACPA positive patients than ACPA negative. Our study found a correlation between RANKL levels and some parameters: DAS28, ACPA and symptom duration. No correlation was observed with ESR, TJC, SJC, RF, VAS, CRP. There was a moderate inverse correlation between RANKL levels and BMD. By ROC curve, our results displayed that the best cutoff value of serum RANKL was 178.99 pg/ml (sensitivity 79.31%; specificity 90%) to differentiate between RA patients and controls. In conclusion, elevated serum RANKL can be used as an indicator of disease activity and a diagnostic new biomarker in patients with early RA.
Early clonal expansion of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes predicts response to immune checkpoint therapy
Authors: Kidman Joel , Zemek Rachael , Principe Nicola , Correa Debora , Sheikh Fezaan , Fear Vanessa , Forbes Catherine , Chopra Abha , Boon Louis , de Jong Emma , Zaitouny Ayham , Holt Robert , Jones Matt , Millward Michael , Lassmann Timo , Forrest Alistair , Nowak Anna , Watson Mark , Lake Richard , Lesterhuis W.Joost , Chee Jonathan
Published: May 2022

Immune checkpoint therapy (ICT) causes durable tumor responses in a subgroup of patients. Profiling T cell receptor beta (TCRβ) repertoire structure in ICT responders and non-responders provides mechanistic insight into what constitutes an effective anti-tumor response, and could result in the development of predictive biomarkers of response to identify and stratify patients for ICT. To examine how the TCRβ repertoire dynamics contribute to ICT response, we utilized an established murine model that excludes variation in host genetics, environmental factors and tumor mutation burden, limiting variation between animals to naturally diverse TCRβ repertoires. Oligoclonal expansion of TCRβ clonotypes that corresponded with a low TCRβ diversity was observed in responding tumors prior to ICT. We modeled TCRβ cluster dynamics during ICT and found that select clonotypes expanded slower in responders compared to non- responders. Clonally expanded CD8+ tumor infiltrating T cells in non-responders exhibited a T cell exhaustion phenotype. We conclude that an early burst of clonal expansion followed by a contraction during ICT is associated with response.
Risk factors associated with a history of falls among older people in Palestine
Authors: Al-kharaz lubna , Zaid Raghad , saify rawan , Shafai Deema , Dardouk Anwar , qarin Rania Abu , Swailem Shaima’
Published: May 2022

Objective
Falling is one of the most important risks that worry the elderly, which may lead to fractures and other complications that may take their lives. A relationship was found between falls and several factors and variables that contribute to their occurrence, including age, gender, medical history, psychological state, and others. The study was conducted on elderly people aged 60 and above who are the most vulnerable group to falls. The study is to test whether there is a relationship between the factors that have been raised, which factors are related to the fall, and which are not, and what is the nature of the association.
Methods
200 random samples were taken from the elderly to fill out a questionnaire and correlate it with the risk of falling, taken inside International Physical Activity (IPAQ), Falls Efficacy Scale International (FES-I), Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) & Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs), Medical history, Habits and lifestyle, Geriatric depression scale. Then the statistical program SPSS was used to analyze the results of the questionnaires.
Result
A total of 200 participants were included in the study. The mean age was 69.04 (SD7.64) years, range58-96. The p-value is (p > 0.05) so the falling risk in the elderly was significantly associated with gender, age, educational level, work status, medical history, physical activity, malnutrition, independence, instrumental activities of daily living, and depression.
Conclusion
This study indicates that there is a large proportion of risks and symptoms that contribute to the occurrence of the elderly Palestinians, the most important of which are depression (psychological status), nutritional status, age, and medical history in addition to daily activities.
The effectiveness of peer support from a person with lived experience of mental health challenges for young people with anxiety and depression: A systematic review
Authors: Simmons Magenta Bender , Cartner Sharla , MacDonald Roxxanne , Whitson Sarah , Bailey Alan , Brown Ellie
Published: May 2022

Background: Peer support has become increasingly popular in adult mental health services to complement existing care provided by clinicians with formal training. The same is now happening to support young people with anxiety and depression but it is unclear what the evidence base of peer support in this population is.Methods: A systematic search was conducted with the Orygen Evidence Finder database, Embase, MEDLINE, and PsycInfo from January 1980 to July 2021. Controlled trials of interventions aimed to educate or treat young people (mean age between 14-24) to improve their mental health, which were delivered by a peer worker with lived experienced of mental health challenges were included. Outcomes related to depression or anxiety were extracted. Study quality was rated using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme.Results: Eight randomised controlled trials with 1,885 participants were included, with six undertaken in high income countries. One targeted depression and anxiety, another targeted stigma-distress in youth mental illness, one aimed at first episode psychosis, four studies for preventing eating disorders and one aimed at drug misuse. One study successfully reduced anxiety and depression, another reduced depression only, four reported reductions in negative affect, with the final two measuring, but not having a significant impact on depression. Study quality was rated as ‘good’ overall.Discussion: Despite the uptake of youth peer support globally, there is limited evidence from controlled trials of the effect of peer support related interventions on anxiety and depression. Further rigorously designed trials of peer delivered interventions for young people experiencing anxiety and depression need to be conducted with a focus on understanding the mechanisms of action underpinning peer support. In the absence of sufficient evidence, we propose potential mechanisms to guide future research into how peer support is an active ingredient for youth anxiety and depression.
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and its associated factors among female college students in China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhou Zhiqing , Tao Xiubin , Liu Huan , Huang Anle , Huang Long , Zhu Ergang , Zhang Wei , Du Shaoling , Zhang Ming
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to determine the prevalence of PMS and its associated factors among female college students in China. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted by administering an online questionnaire to the Wannan Medical College and Tongling Polytechnic, Anhui Province, China. RESULTS: A total of 1668 female college students participated in the study, aged 17–23 years, age at menarche ranged from 9 to 16 years. The prevalence of PMS was 50.7% (846/1668). Anxiety (OR = 2.132, 95% CI = 1.620–2.807), pressure (OR =1.890, 95% CI = 1.512–2.363), smartphone addiction (OR =1.249, 95% CI = 1.009–1.547), and dysmenorrhea (OR =2.676, 95% CI = 2.170–3.301) were the risk factors for SHS, while sleep time was the protective factors for SHS. CONCLUSION: Depending on the findings of present study, we recommend that governments develop policies and guidelines to improve the health and productivity of female college students.
Microbial biomass and enzyme activities determine dynamics of soil organic carbon stocks and fractions along an age-sequence of Mongolian pine plantations
Authors: Zhang Yansong , Zeng De-Hui , Lei Zeyong , Li Xin , Lin Guigang
Published: May 2022

Purpose
Afforestation is increasingly recognized as an effective measure to mitigate elevated atmospheric carbon (C) dioxide and combat climate change. While afforestation can increase C sequestration by biomass production with tree growth, little is known about whether and how tree growth affects soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and stability. Here, we aimed to explore mechanisms underlying changes in SOC stocks and fractions with stand development from the perspective of tree-microbe-mineral interactions.
Methods
We measured annual litter inputs, soil exchangeable base cations, microbial biomass, hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes, and SOC stocks and fractions along an age-sequence of Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) plantations with six age classes ranging from 15- to 61-year-old and adjacent grasslands in the Keerqin Sandy Lands, Northeast China.
Results
We found that afforestation of grasslands did not significantly affect 0–100 cm SOC stocks. Ecosystem C stocks linearly increased with stand development, and this C accretion was mainly attributed to tree biomass C sequestration. Topsoil (0–10 cm soil layer) mineral-associated C (MAOC) stocks and phenol oxidase activities increased, and particulate organic C (POC) stocks and β-glucosidase activities decreased with increasing stand age, but these changes disappeared in the 61-year-old stand. Structural equation model revealed that topsoil MAOC stocks were directly related to microbial biomass and β-glucosidase and phenol oxidase activities, but not directly to exchangeable calcium concentrations. Moreover, topsoil POC stocks were directly related to β-glucosidase activities, but not directly to annual litter inputs.
Conclusions
Altogether, our findings suggest that soil microbes play a central role in mediating the dynamics of SOC stocks and stability along stand development.
Modified Periprostatic Nerve Block Provides Better Anesthesia in Ultrasound-Guided Transperineal Prostate Biopsy
Authors: Dong Chen , Chen Haitao , Li Jiao , Chuan Zhirui , Wang Yunying , Ouyang Zhi-qiang , Yang Hong yin , Luo Xiaomao , Li Zhiyao , Liao Chengde
Published: May 2022

Background:To determine the efficacy and safety of perineal nerve block (PNB) and modified perineal nerve block (PNB-1) in ultrasound-guided transperineal prostate biopsy(TPBx). Methods:910 patients were enrolled from March 2019 to December 2021. They were divided into two groups based on their anesthesia methods: PNB group (375 patients) and PNB-1 group (535 patients). The pain scores were evaluated using visual analogue scale (VAS) at the start of anesthesia, during puncture biopsy, and one hour after operation.The chi-square test was used for comparison.Result:At the start of anesthesia, there was no significant difference in pain scores between the PNB and PNB-1 groups (P>0.05), but there was a significant difference in pain scores between the two groups at the time of puncture (P<0.05).Among them, the pain score for patients with a larger prostate volume in the PNB group was significantly higher than that for patients with a smaller prostate volume (P<0.05), whereas the pain score for patients with a different prostate volume in the PNB-1 group was not significantly different (P>0.05). Postoperative complications in the PNB-1 group were significantly less than those in the PNB group, and the postoperative urinary tract irritation sign was significantly less than that in the PNB group (P<0.05).Conclusion:PNB-1 was a effective and safe anesthesia method, which could significantly reduce the pain during puncture biopsy, improve the anesthetic effect and provide the basis for puncture biopsy.
Research On the Evaluation Model Construction of Manufacturing Project Management Capability Under the Background of Big Data
Authors: Hao Ruiqing , Ren Qian
Published: May 2022

In order to improve the manufacturing project management ability, from the perspective of project management ability evaluation, this paper analyzes the manufacturing project management ability combined with big data technology, and constructs the project management ability evaluation model. Moreover, this paper designs a manufacturing project management maturity evaluation model based on fuzzy mathematics. In addition, this paper analyzes manufacturing project management and capability maturity evaluation models and related theories of fuzzy mathematics, and focuses on the management process and knowledge system of manufacturing projects. Through simulation research, it can be known that the evaluation model of manufacturing project management capability based on big data technology proposed in this paper has good practical effects. Moreover, the implementation of effective research and development project management can increase the success rate of research and development, reduce waste of resources, improve innovation capabilities, and ultimately enhance the core competitiveness of the enterprise.
Effects of two years of physically active lessons on cognitive indicators in children: A pilot study
Authors: Oliveira David Nunes , Silva Ellen Mendes , Barboza Luciana , Thuany Mabliny , Araújo Raphael , Silva Roberto Jerônimo , Gomes Thayse Natacha , Schmitz Heike , Tejada Julian , Silva Danilo Rodrigues
Published: May 2022

The study was evaluated the effect of physically active lessons (PAL) on cognitive performance (ED) during two years of follow-up in children. Four classes were divided into two intervention classes (IG: n = 34) and two control classes (CG: n = 27). Five evaluations were performed; before the intervention (M1), after three (M2) and nine (M3) months in the first year, and fourteen (M4) and eighteen (M5) months in the second year. The intervention was based on PAL integrated with the curricular components, which stimulated the children to stand or move in the classroom. ED was evaluated using three computerized test for response inhibition, selective attention and cognitive flexibility. The children in the IG presented improved ED in the execution of all task along the two years follow-up, in both correct answers and time reactions, with exception of correct answers of visual search. For IG, in most of the task, the mean differences confidence interval of 95% did not include the 0 on the two last moments of evaluation, and in all cases, the mean differences of the IG between M1 versus M5 were significant different with high values of effect size (cohen -d > 1). PAL promote modest improvements in diverse cognitive functions in children.
Inter-annual and decadal variability on the sea level around the China seas
Authors: Qu Ying , Yue Chao , Guo Anboyu
Published: May 2022

All tide gauge stations around the China seas can be divided into two subregions according to their correlations before and after removing the seasonal cycle, within which the stations generally have very high correlations with each other. Region 1 is located in the Bohai Sea, the Yellow Sea, the East China Sea, and adjacent areas of China, which are in Korea and Japan; Region 2 is located in the South China Sea. EOF decomposition is performed on the tide gauge records within each subregion after removing the vertical land motion and the seasonal cycle, and then do the wavelet coherence analysis between the principal component (PC) time series of each subregion and the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) as well as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) time series. Results show that the first PC time series of Region 1 has no significant coherence with the SOI index on inter-annual timescales, but it proves strong coherence in the 8-to-16-year band; in contrast, the inter-annual variation of the sea level in the Region 2, which is mainly represented by the first mode, is consistent with the change of SOI revealing that the inter-annual variation of sea level in the South China Sea is closely related to ENSO. The wavelet coherence between the first PC time series of Region 1 and PDO index shows that they have strong coherence in the 8-to-16-year band. The wavelet coherence between the first PC time series of Region 2 and PDO index shows strong coherence in the 8-to-16-year band, and during 2000–2016, they also have strong coherence in the 3-to-7-year band.
The current and future potential geographical distribution of Bactericera cockerelli: an invasive pest of increasing global importance
Authors: Suwandharathene Nimali , Holwell Gregory , Avila Gonzalo
Published: May 2022

The invasive pest Bactericera cockerelli, commonly known as tomato potato psyllid (TPP), is native to North America and has recently invaded Australasia. TPP is also the vector of the bacterial plant pathogen Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum (CLso), which has caused severe economic losses for potato growers worldwide. We estimated the potential global geographical distribution of TPP under current and future climatic scenarios using CLIMEX. In its native range, TPP is predicted to expand its current geographical range in semi-arid, temperate, and continental climates. Globally, the model predicts that several countries in Europe and East Asia are climatically suitable for establishing TPP. Predictions under a future climate change scenario (CSIRO Mk 3.0 for 2090) showed a significant reduction of the geographical range of TPP with a possible expansion towards higher altitudes. However, our model suggested that most regions in Europe and New Zealand will remain unchanged or will become more favourable in the future. The CLIMEX projections for current and future climatic distribution provide valuable information for existing and future biosecurity preparedness and management programmes, which may prove helpful in risk assessments and identifying potential areas that are likely to be susceptible to a TPP invasion.
Neural Tube Defects and Uterus Development in Human Fetuses
Authors: Diniz André L.L. , Vieiralves Rodrigo R. , Sampaio Francisco J.B. , Gallo Carla M. , Favorito Luciano A.
Published: May 2022

Purpose: One of the most common malformations of the central nervous system is related to embryonic neural tube alterations. We hypothesized that anencephaly affects the development of the uterus during the human second trimester of pregnancy. The objective of this study was to study the biometric parameters of the uterus in fetuses with anencephaly and compare them with normocephalic fetuses at that important.Methods: In our study, 34 female fetuses were analyzed, 22 normal and 12 anencephalic, aged between 12 and 22 weeks post-conception (WPC). After dissection of the pelvis and individualization of the genital tract, we evaluated the length and width of the uterus using the Image J software. We compared the means statistically using the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test and performed linear regression.Results: We do not identify statistical significance between the groups for the measurements of uterus length (Control: 2.02-6.36mm/mean=3.59mm/SD+-1.43 vs. Anencephalic: 1.71-5.44mm/mean=2.97mm/SD+-1.21, p=0.1070) and uterus width (Control: 1.99-7.91mm/mean= 3.84mm/SD+- 1.27 vs. Anencephalic: 2.08-6.48mm/mean= 3.65mm/SD +- 1.23; p =0.3360). The linear regression analysis indicated that 80% significance was found in the correlations in normocephalic fetuses (12.9 to 22.6 WPC) and 40% significance in anencephalic fetuses (12.3 to 18.6 WPC). Conclusions: We do not find statistical differences in the length and width of the uterus in anencephalic fetuses compared to the control group but uterine length and width shows a lesser tendency to growth in the anencephalic fetuses during the second trimester suggesting that anencephaly can impact the development of the uterus.
The impact of low preoperative fibrinogen level on intraoperative blood products requirements during liver transplantation with surgical vena cava preservation technique: a retrospective cohort study.
Authors: Sibai Abdulrazak , Alsabani Mohmad , Alfouzan Rawan , Alhrabi Saja , Olayan Lafi , Aldobekhi Faris , Harbi Mohammed K. Al
Published: May 2022

BackgroundHypofibrinogenemia is commonly found in patients with end stage liver disease and may increase blood transfusion during liver transplantation. In this study, we aim to identify the impact of preoperative hypofibrinogenemia on blood products transfusion requirements during liver transplantation recipients performed with surgical vena cava preservation technique.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included 123 patients who underwent liver transplantation with surgical vena cava preservation technique between January 2016 through December 2019 in a tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia. The study population was divided into two groups based on preoperative fibrinogen levels: normal (>1.5 g/L) vs low (<1.5 g/L). The primary endpoint was total requirements of blood products transfused intraoperatively. Secondary endpoints were total length of intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital stay. Mann-Whitney U test was used to measure differences between groups and Spearman rank test was used for correlation analysis. ResultsForty (32.52%) patients out of 123 in the study had low (<1.5 g/L) fibrinogen level preoperatively. Preoperative hypofibrinogenemia was significantly associated with increased requirements of packed red blood cells, platelets, cryoprecipitates, fresh frozen plasma and fibrinogen concentrate. Correlation analysis showed that preoperative fibrinogen levels negatively and significantly correlated with intraoperative blood products requirements (P< 0.001). Hypofibrinogenemia was weakly associated with length of ICU stay (Median= 3 days [Q1, Q3: 2, 5.50] days compared to 2 days [2.00, 4.00] in normal group, P= 0.049. Length of hospital stay was approximately similar between both groups. ConclusionsLow preoperative levels of fibrinogen significantly correlate with increased blood products requirements during liver transplantation with surgical vena cava preservation technique. Guided by preoperative fibrinogen levels, this study proposes that correction of fibrinogen levels before liver transplantation may reduce the need for transfusion of larger amounts of blood products.