bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Naming and Claiming
Authors: Pyle Kai
Published: November 2018

This article analyzes archival and oral records of Ojibwe and Plains Cree words for Two-Spirit people to show the continuity between historical and modern Two-Spirits. In the face of appropriation of historical Two-Spirits by both cisgender and transgender non-Indigenous people, as well as scholarly insistence on a disconnect between historical and modern Two-Spirits, examining the linguistic history of specific communities reveals what the author, a Two-Spirit person themself, terms “trans*temporal kinship.” Referring to the ability of Two-Spirit people to establish kin relations across time, with both ancestors and descendants, the application of trans*temporal kinship and other Indigenous concepts allows Two-Spirit people to circumvent the debate in transgender studies as to whether transgender people can and should claim historical figures as “transgender ancestors.” The article argues that Two-Spirit reclamation of language for people “like us” is a vital element in redressing the violence and exclusion perpetrated against Two-Spirit people today.
Interview with Maya Mikdashi and Carlos Motta on Deseos /
رغبات
Authors: DeVun Leah , Tortorici Zeb
Published: November 2018

Special issue editors Leah DeVun and Zeb Tortorici interview Maya Mikdashi and Carlos Motta about their collaborative film, Deseos /رغبات (Desires, 2015), which places queer and gender-variant historical characters within a fluid chronological framework. In this interview, Mikdashi and Motta discuss issues such as imperial and colonial temporality, queer networks of community, and a desire for happy endings in history.
Sex Time Machine for Touching the Transcestors
Authors: Carter Julian B.
Published: November 2018

“Sex Time Machine for Touching the Transcestors” documents three months of Julian B. Carter’s Transgenderational Touch Project (2016–present). Carter is creating and documenting intimate contact across trans generations, mobilizing his social network to connect people old enough to be his parents with people young enough to be his children. He serves as a vector for transmitting the embodied knowledge of older generations into the lived experience of younger ones—and vice versa. The zine was originally written and illustrated as a gallery take-away for visitors to curator E. G. Crichton’s exhibit Out/Look and the Birth of the Queer at the GLBT History Museum in San Francisco, which ran from September 2017 to January 2018.
p62/SQSTM1 – steering the cell through health and disease
Authors: Sánchez-Martín Pablo , Komatsu Masaaki
Published: November 2018

SQSTM1 (also known as p62) is a multifunctional stress-inducible scaffold protein involved in diverse cellular processes. Its functions are tightly regulated through an extensive pattern of post-translational modifications, and include the isolation of cargos degraded by autophagy, induction of the antioxidant response by the Keap1–Nrf2 system, as well as the regulation of endosomal trafficking, apoptosis and inflammation. Accordingly, malfunction of SQSTM1 is associated with a wide range of diseases, including bone and muscle disorders, neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases, and multiple forms of cancer. In this Review, we summarize current knowledge regarding regulation, post-translational modifications and functions of SQSTM1, as well as how they are dysregulated in various pathogenic contexts.
Underlying mechanisms and ecological context of variation in exploratory behavior of the Argentine ant,Linepithema humile
Authors: Page Hannah , Sweeney Andrew , Pilko Anna , Pinter-Wollman Noa
Published: November 2018

Uncovering how and why animals explore their environment is fundamental for understanding population dynamics, the spread of invasive species, species interactions etc. In social animals, individuals within a group can vary in their exploratory behavior and the behavioral composition of the group can determine its collective success. Workers of the invasive Argentine ant (Linepithema humile) exhibit individual variation in exploratory behavior, which affects the colony's collective nest selection behavior. Here we examine the mechanisms underlying this behavioral variation in exploratory behavior and determine its implications for the ecology of this species. We first establish that individual variation in exploratory behavior is repeatable and consistent across situations. We then show a relationship between exploratory behavior and the expression of genes that have been previously linked with other behaviors in social insects. Specifically, we find a negative relationship between exploratory behavior and the expression of the foraging (Lhfor) gene. Finally, we determine how colonies allocate exploratory individuals in natural conditions. We find that ants from inside the nest are the least exploratory individuals, while workers on newly formed foraging trails are the most exploratory individuals. Furthermore, we found temporal differences throughout the year – in early-mid spring, when new resources emerge, workers are more exploratory than at the end of winter, potentially allowing the colony to find and exploit new resources. These findings reveal the importance of individual variation in behavior for the ecology of social animals.
Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) induces the differentiation of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) cardiac fibroblasts into myofibroblasts
Authors: Johnston Elizabeth F. , Gillis Todd E.
Published: November 2018

The collagen content of the rainbow trout heart increases in response to cold acclimation, and decreases with warm acclimation. This ability to remodel the myocardial extracellular matrix (ECM) makes these fish useful models to study the cellular pathways involved in collagen regulation in the vertebrate heart. Remodeling of the ECM in the mammalian heart is regulated, in part, by myofibroblasts which arise from pre-existing fibroblasts in response to transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1). We have previously demonstrated that treatment of cultured rainbow trout cardiac fibroblasts with human TGF-β1 causes an increase in collagen production. Here we show that repetitive treatment of rainbow trout cardiac fibroblasts with a physiologically relevant concentration of human recombinant TGF-β1 results in a ∼29-fold increase in phosphorylated small mothers against decapentaplegic 2 (pSmad2); a 2.9-fold increase in vinculin protein, a 1.2-fold increase in cellular size and a 3-fold increase in filamentous actin (F-actin). These are common markers of the transition of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. Cells treated with TGF-β1 also had highly organized cytoskeletal alpha-smooth muscle actin, as well as increased transcript abundances of mmp-9, timp-2, and col1a1. Furthermore, using gelatin zymography, we demonstrate that TGF-β1 treatment causes a 5.3-fold increase in gelatinase activity. Together, these results demonstrate that trout cardiac fibroblasts have the capacity to differentiate into myofibroblasts and that this cell type can increase extracellular collagen turnover via gelatinase activity. Cardiac myofibroblasts are, therefore, likely involved in the remodeling of the cardiac ECM in the trout heart during thermal acclimation.
Deletion of a specific exon in the voltage-gated calcium channel, cacophony, causes disrupted locomotion in Drosophila larvae
Authors: Lembke Kayly M. , Law Alexander D. , Ahrar Jasmine , Morton David B.
Published: November 2018

Tar DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is an RNA binding protein that regulates transcription, translation, and alternative splicing of mRNA. We have shown previously that null mutations of the Drosophila orthologue, Tar DNA-binding homologue (tbph), causes severe locomotion defects in larvae that are mediated by a reduction in the expression of the type II voltage-gated calcium channel, cacophony (cac). We also showed that TDP-43 regulates the inclusion of alternatively spliced exons of cacophony; tbph mutants showed significantly increased expression of cacophony isoforms lacking exon 7, a particularly notable finding as only one out of the 15 predicted isoforms lacks exon 7. To investigate the function of exon 7, we generated Drosophila mutant lines with a deletion that eliminates exon 7. This deletion phenocopies many defects in tbph mutants: a reduction in cacophony protein expression, locomotion defects in male and female third instar larvae, disrupted larval motor output, and also reduced activity levels in adult male flies. All these defects were rescued by expression of cacophony transcripts containing exon 7. By contrast, expression of a cacophony cDNA lacking exon 7 resulted in reduced cacophony protein levels and failed to rescue larval locomotion.
Adverse reactions of dimethyl sulfoxide in humans: a systematic review
Authors: Kollerup Madsen Bennedikte , Hilscher Maria , Zetner Dennis , Rosenberg Jacob
Published: November 2018

Background: Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) has been used for medical treatment and as a pharmacological agent in humans since the 1960s. Today, DMSO is used mostly for cryopreservation of stem cells, treatment of interstitial cystitis, and as a penetrating vehicle for various drugs. Many adverse reactions have been described in relation to the use of DMSO, but to our knowledge, no overview of the existing literature has been made. Our aim was to conduct a systematic review describing the adverse reactions observed in humans in relation to the use of DMSO.

Methods: This systematic review was reported according to the PRISMA-harms (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines. The primary outcome was any adverse reactions occurring in humans in relation to the use of DMSO. We included all original studies that reported adverse events due to the administration of DMSO, and that had a population of five or more.

Results: We included a total of 109 studies. Gastrointestinal and skin reactions were the commonest reported adverse reactions to DMSO. Most reactions were transient without need for intervention. A relationship between the dose of DMSO given and the occurrence of adverse reactions was seen.

Conclusions: DMSO may cause a variety of adverse reactions that are mostly transient and mild. The dose of DMSO plays an important role in the occurrence of adverse reactions. DMSO seems to be safe to use in small doses.

Registration: PROSPERO CRD42018096117.
The Flash Crash: A Cautionary Tale About Highly Fragmented Markets
Authors: Menkveld Albert J. , Yueshen Bart Zhou
Published: November 2018

A breakdown of cross-market arbitrage activity could make markets more fragile and result in price crashes. We provide suggestive evidence for this novel channel based on a high-frequency analysis of the most salient crash in recent history: The Flash Crash. We further show that such an event can be extremely costly for a large seller trading in a particular venue as the seller effectively relies on local liquidity supply only. These findings highlight the vulnerability of today’s highly fragmented markets.

This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.
Presentación del monográfico: Perspectivas e investigación social en dinámicas urbanas contemporáneas
Authors: Martínez Gutiérrez Emilio
Published: November 2018

En este texto de presentación ofrecemos unas breves referencias destinadas a enmarcar el conjunto de artículos seleccionados a propósito del tema Dinámicas urbanas contemporáneas. Es una cuestión suficientemente amplia para dar cabida a perspectivas y líneas de trabajo muy diversas, todas ellas de gran valor científico y académico. Situados en el contexto de la tercera revolución urbana, que obliga a pensar en términos muy diferentes la naturaleza de la ciudad y lo urbano, las aportaciones del volumen nos llevan a una comprensión más clara sobre la experiencia urbana contemporánea en diferentes registros, sobre la realidad compleja definida por las ciudades globales, su capacidad creativa del desarrollo social y económico. Pero esta (nueva) civilización de signo inequívocamente urbano presenta igualmente sombras, conflictos, contradicciones y desigualdades que exigen un conocimiento actualizado para formular políticas urbanas adecuadas.
Community-based screening for cardiovascular risk using a novel mHealth tool in rural Kenya
Authors: Mannik Jennifer R. , Figol Andrea , Churchill Vanessa , Aw James , Francis Stacy , Karino Ezekiel , Chesire Julius Kibet , Opot Danet , Ochieng Benard , Hawkes Michael T.
Published: November 2018

Background

An increasing burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in low-resource settings demands innovative public health approaches.

Objectives

To design and test a novel mobile health (mHealth) tool for use by community health workers (CHWs) to identify individuals at high CVD risk who would benefit from education and/or pharmacologic interventions.

Methods

We designed and implemented a novel two-way mobile phone application, ‘AFYACHAT’, to rapidly screen for the CVD risk in rural Kenya. AFYACHAT collects and stores a short message system (SMS) text message data entered by a CHW on a subject’s age, sex, smoking, diabetes and systolic blood pressure, and returns as SMS text message the category of 10-year CVD risk: ‘GREEN’ (<10% 10 year risk of cardiovascular event), ‘YELLOW’ (from 10% to <20%), ‘ORANGE’ (from 20% to <30%), or ‘RED’ (≥30%). CHWs were equipped and trained to use an automated blood pressure device and the mHealth tool.

Results

Five CHWs screened 2865 subjects in remote rural communities in Kenya over a 22-month period (2015–2017). The median age of subjects was 50 (interquartile range 43–60) and 1581 (55%) were female. The point prevalence of hypertension (systolic blood pressure > 140 mmHg), diabetes and tobacco use were 23%, 3.2% and 22%, respectively. Overall, the 10-year risk of CVD among patients was <10% in 2778 (97%) patients, from 10% to <20% in 65 (2.3%), from 20% to <30% in 12 (0.4%) and ≥30% in 10 (0.2%).

Conclusions

We have developed a mHealth tool that can be used by CHWs to screen for CVD risk factors, demonstrating the proof of concept in rural Kenya.
MODUS OPERANDI KORUPSI PENGADAAN BARANG DAN JASA PEMERINTAH OLEH PNS
Authors: Kurniawan Muhammad Rezza , Pujiyono Pujiyono
Published: November 2018

Praktek Korupsi di Indonesia semakin meluas, dilihat dari pelaku, cara melakukan korupsi, serta besar kerugian negara yang ditimbulkan. Indonesia Corruption Watch (ICW) mencatat bahwa pelaku tindak pidana korupsi terbanyak justru berlatar belakang dari Pegawai Negeri Sipil (PNS) dan menempati urutan teratas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana cara/modus seorang PNS melakukan korupsi dalam pengadaan barang dan jasa pemerintah serta sejauh mana cara/modus tersebut berpengaruh pada pertimbangan hakim dalam menjatuhkan putusan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan yuridis normatifs.  Pegawai Negeri sangat rentan terhadap tindak pidana korupsi karena jabatan dan wewenang yang disalahgunakan dapat mengakibatkan kerugian negara. Pegawai Negeri melakukan tindak pidana korupsi dengan cara atau prosedur yang berbeda dan berciri khusus, meletakan kepentingan pribadi diatas kepentingan masyarakat dan sesuatu yang dipercayakan kepadanya tidak dilaksanakan sebagaimana mestinya sebagaimana disebut modus operandi. Modus operandi yang dilakukan oleh PNS dalam pengadaan barang dan jasa pemerintah terjadi dalam semua tahap pengadaan yaitu tahap persiapan,pengadaan, dan pelaksanaan. Modus operandi juga berpengaruh pada putusan pidana pelaku terkhusus pada tinggi rendahnya pidana. Semakin tercela perbuatan semakin tinggi pula pidananya.
PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN JASA PENGIRIMAN BARANG DALAM HAL TERJADI KETERLAMBATAN PENGIRIMAN BARANG
Authors: Musyafah Aisyah Ayu , Khasna Hardanti Widya , Turisno Bambang Eko
Published: November 2018

Konsumen pengiriman barang seharusnya sudah dilindungi oleh UU No. 8 Tahun 1999 Tentang Perlindungan Konsumen. Pada prakteknya yang terjadi, konsumen seringkali masih merasa dirugikan akibat permasalahan pengiriman barang. Pelaku usaha memberikan ganti rugi atas kerugian yang dialami konsumen dalm kasus hilang atau rusak sesuai dengan nilai barang. Jika kasusnya adalah keterlambatan barang yang mana kerugiannya bisa mencakup hal yang imateriil, maka pelaku usaha seharusnya bisa memberikan tanggung jawab agar konsumen tidak terlalu merasa dirugikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis serta mengetahui bentuk perlindungan konsumen terhadap keterlambatan barang jika ditinjau dari pelaku usaha, peran pemerintah sampai pada tahap penyelesaian. Permasalahan utama yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini yaitu bagaimanakah perlindungan konsumen khususnya dalam hal terjadi keterlambatan pengiriman barang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis empiris dengan analisis kualitatif yang kemudian diperoleh hasil bahwa penggantian kerugian berbeda pada masing-masing perusahaan penyedia jasa pengiriman barang. Perbedaan terletak dari permasalahan pengiriman seperti kerusakan barang, kehilangan barang serta keterlambatan. Kerugian immateriil yang dialami oleh konsumen dalam hal terjadi keterlambatan barang ternyata belum dapat diganti kerugiannya. Hal ini dikarenakan dasar pelaku usaha memenuhi prestasi adalah sebuah kontrak baku yang mana terdapat pembatasan jika pelaku usaha tidak berbuat sesuai yang diperjanjikan dan menyebabkan kerugian immateriil, maka hal itu termasuk dalam kategori wanprestasi. Bentuk ganti kerugian wanprestasi adalah sesuatu yang dapat dinilai dengan materi sesuai dengan yang sudah disepakati sebelumnya pada kontrak dan konsumen tidak dapat menuntut ganti rugi yang bersifat immateriil.                                                                                                                         Kata Kunci : Perlindungan Konsumen; Pengiriman Barang; Keterlambatan Pengiriman.
PROBLEMATIKA PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA TANAH DI LOKASI TANJUNG SARI KABUPATEN BANGGAI
Authors: Hipan Nasrun , Nur Nirwan Moh , Djanggih Hardianto
Published: November 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penyelesaian sengketa tanah di Lokasi Tanjung Sari Kabupaten Banggai, Adapun status tanah tersebut telah menempuh proses hukum yang panjang dan sangat rumit dan mengakibatkan ketidakpastian bagi pihak yang bersengketa. Adapun metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian yuridis sosiologis yakni mengkaji hukum berdasarkan fenomena-fenomenas sosial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sengketa tanah di Lokasi Tanjung Sari Kabupaten Banggai yang dimulai dari proses pengadilan secara bertahap sampai pada ekseusi putusan pengadilan terjadi perbedaan atau perselidihan antara pihak-pihak yang berpekara terhadap objek tanah tersebut. Sengketa tanah tersebut yang telah berjalan cukup panjang akan berdampak pada ketidakpastian hak penguasaan atas tanah oleh pihak-pihak yang bersengketa jika tidak diselesaikan dengan hukum yang tepat. Kata Kunci: Penyelesaian Sengketa; Tanah; Tanjung Sari.
Effect of acidic and alkali shocks on expression of efaA gene in Enterococcus faecalis, isolated from root canal infection
Authors: Beomidehagh Mahsa , Rezaee Mohammad Ahangarzadeh , Ganbarov Khudaverdi , Jafari Farnaz , Hasani Alka , Alizadeh Naser , Tanomand Asghar , Kafil Hossein Samadi
Published: November 2018

Enterococcus faecalis is an important opportunistic infectious agent involving the oral cavity and endodontics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression ratio of efaA gene in biofilm producer E. faecalis before and after receiving acidic and alkali shocks. One hundred E. faecalis isolates were gathered from 170 infectious root canals. After analysis of biofilm formation by the Microtiterplate method, the presence of efaA gene was examined by PCR and its expression was evaluated by Real-time PCR, one before applying any stressed to isolates and another by applying acidic and alkali shock. Chi-square method was used for statistical analysis. Eighty-two percent of samples had efaA gene. Evaluation of biofilm formation, 49% of the isolates were strong biofilm producer, 42% moderate and 10 % of them had no biofilm. 59% overexpression of efaA gene was observed in biofilm producer isolates, while there were no significant changes in samples with acidic stress and decreased expression after alkali shock. Findings of the present study, indicates importance of efaA gene in biofilm formation and pathogenesis of E. faecalis. Acid had no effect of expression of this gene but alkali reduced expression of this gene in a significant level. These results indicate the importance of efaA and acidic conditions in biofilm production by E. faecalis.
5-HT promotes pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation through the TRPC channel
Authors: Junli Han , Hongyan Tian , Ya Liu , Fenling Fan
Published: November 2018

Pulmonary arterial hypertension is caused by an imbalance of pulmonary vasoconstriction and vasodilation. Pulmonary arteriolar remodeling is a primary pathological change and proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMC) is an important pathological basis for pulmonary arteriolar remodeling. Vasoactive substances, such as 5-HT, may play a role in proliferation of PASMC via unknown mechanisms. In vitro experiments with PASMC showed that the TRPC channel inhibitor SKF96365 inhibited the effects 5-HT and DOI on PASMC proliferation and G2M percentage increase, and decreased expression of TRPC1, TRPC6 and calcineurin A/NFATc3 induced by 5-HT and DOI. SKF96365 inhibited binding of NFATc3 and DNA promoted by 5-HT and DOI. Therefore, 5-HT may affect the TRPC channel to promote proliferation of PASMC; upregulate expression of TRPC1, TRPC6, and calcineurin A/NFATc3; and therefore promote NFATc3 nuclear translocation. There may be crosstalk between 5-HT and TRPC, which may contribute to the pathogeneis of pulmonary arterial hypertension and this may be a novel therapeutic target for treating pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Expression of toll-like receptor 4 and its connection with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Taha Inass Mohamed , Abdu Allah Azza M , Abd El Gayed Eman Masoud
Published: November 2018

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) plays an important role in modulating innate immunity. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease that is characterized by impaired insulin resistance and abnormal immune response. Genetic background and consequently genetic factors might have a key role in both onset and progression of T2DM-related complications.  The aim of this work was to study the role of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study was carried out on 90 subjects, 30 type 2 diabetic patients, 30 patients with impaired glucose tolerance and 30 age and gender matched healthy controls. mRNA expression of (TLR4) was assessed by reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) using real time PCR.. Results showed significant statistical difference between the three studied groups  regarding BMI, serum FBG, HDL, TGs, TC, LDL, HOMA -IR and mRNA expression of TLR4 with highest level of TLR4 mRNA expression in T2DM patients. From this study, it might be concluded that high expression of (TLR4) is associated with T2DM.
Jaka tożsamość kulturowa dla dzisiejszej Europy?
Authors: Skrzypczak Katarzyna
Published: November 2018

The present article addresses the question of cultural identity of today’s Europe and the shape it should take. Such issues as relation between European identity and national identities in the context of the continent’s cultural diversity are considered from interdisciplinary perspective. Two paradigms presented in the article: the essentialist and constructivist approach to identity serve as a starting point for reflection on the basis of the European identity as well as on its future form.
Konflikt jako wartość? Demokracja agonistyczna a populizm europejski w ujęciu Chantal Mouffe
Authors: Biały Filip
Published: November 2018

One of the most intriguing questions in political philosophy has long been the following: how to organize politics that not only appeases the conflict of groups and individuals but also allows to express even irrational beliefs. The answer that this article has dealt with is a proposition by Chantal Mouffe, called ‘agonistic democracy’. The concept is based on an claim that the exclusion of an emotional component from the public sphere can only lead to a political conflict. An example that confirms Mouffe’s assumptions is the expansion of European populism, which, according to the theory discussed in the article, may only be contained through recognizing the positive value of the conflictive nature of politics.
Polonia w Stambule: imigranci w globalnym świecie, tożsamość i obywatelstwo w drodze transnarodowych przestrzeni społecznych.
Authors: Kłopocki Michał
Published: November 2018

In the article, the author analyses the community of Polish immigrants in Istanbul: as descendents of the refuges who settled near Istanbul in Adampol in 19th century, as well as modern immigrants living in the city. Having briefly described the former, the author focuses on the latter group, finally comparing the two communities, which allows torethink some immigration processes in modern Europe. Next, the integration processes and institutions which enable these processes are described. Finally, the author shows how artistic spaces, playing crucial role in sustaining Polishness, are created.
Kobieta kryzysem brzemienna. Sytuacja kobiet na i poza rynkiem pracy w dobie kryzysu demograficznego.
Authors: Wysocka Margareta
Published: November 2018

The article refers to the problem of demographic crisis, a frequent topic of public debates in European Union countries, which struggle with the phenomenon of ageing society. The main goal of the research part is analyze selected factors connected with the demographic stagnation (regression), that have an impact on mothers’ activity (or lack of activity) on the labour market. The article is a starting point for the analysis of guaranteed basic income for women working as housewives (those who claim: ‘I want to have children’ but, as a result of economic considerations intertwined with the problem of social security, later state ‘I have to work’), as potential social policy’s instrument which can be applied for the purpose of changing the unfavorable demographic structure.
Fikcyjny Traktat Lizboński
Authors: Jaskulski Adam
Published: November 2018

From the point of view of many European politicians, the Treaty of Lisbon should enable great development in the functioning of European Union. However, having analyzed the amendments introduced by this Treaty, one has to admit that either most of the changes had already functioned in the EU political system before December 2009, as political practice, or the changes have no major impact on EU. Therefore, a question should be posed why Lisbon Treaty was such an important issue for politicians that they wanted to ratify it despite the ‘no’ voting in Ireland. The only reasonable cause that could lead politicians to such a move is the fact that integration is still a vital process for the existence of EU. Another failure of treaty amendments could be seen as the end of the European project.
Kościół ewangelicki przyczółkiem opozycji wschodnioniemeickiej
Authors: Michalak Jakub
Published: November 2018

Evangelical Church had an important role in the GDR as far as the activities of opposition at the beginning of 1970s and 1980s are concerned. Indeed, it was outside the institution of the Unity Party. Within the vicinity of the church, people were to create a feeling of solidarity between those aggrieved by the system and the first grassroots activists. During 1989 and 1990 Lutheran church became the starting point for mass demonstrations and a peaceful revolution. In addition, the invitation of the party and the opposition to committees’ meeting on Dec. 7, 1989 was published on behalf of the Association of Evangelical Churches.
"Modlitwa dla Marty" - pieśń dwóch rewolucji
Authors: Skobrtal Marcin
Published: November 2018

This paper focuses on the legendary song entitled Prayer for Marta and its performer. It is a history of two revolutions and a famous singer’s difficult life. Both were the symbols of changes in Czechoslovakia. Both were absent in a public life as the song was banned and Marta Kubišová couldn’t perform. Nowadays, both are the icons of modern Czech history. This article describes how this song was created and sang twice. It also explains who was its author. What is more, Marta ‘s life and her view on contemporary politics are presented.
Etyczny bunt w reżimie demokratycznym
Authors: Baluch Michał
Published: November 2018

After twenty years of a democratic regime in Poland, one can see its condition. There are three categories of a riot - “the narrowest”, “narrow” and “wide”. The articele presents the examples of each type and the cause of their existence. Sometimes it results from the fasion or the reality is somehow changed. These changes may be fragmentary or they may affect the whole society. The article discusses this differentiation. To become a rebel, many obstacles must be overcome.
Miejsce i rola kobiety w rodzinie na przestrzeni wieków. Od Antyku po I wojnę światową. Zarys problematyki
Authors: Kamprowski Rafał
Published: November 2018

For a long time, history of women was not in the mainstream of interest. The interest for this topic was not shown untill the twentieth century. The aim of this paper is to present a long and difficult struggle to gain the status similar to the one women have nowadays. It is difficult to understand the present reality without going back to the past. The role of women is undergoing a lot of changes all the time. This subject is a huge field for research. The article attempts to give a summary of publications which deal with women’s issues.
Zasada incompatibilitas w samorządowym prawie ustrojowym (relacje samorządowiec-parlamentarzysta) i projekt przekształcenia Senatu w Izbę Samorządową
Authors: Łukaszewski Marcin
Published: November 2018

The problem of Senate as a self-government chamber and self-government person – parliament deputy relations were shown in the political history of the Polish Third Republic many times. In 2001, when self-government laws were introduced into the political system of self-government, there was an institution of incompatibilitas (incompatibility of self-governmental and parliamentarian seats). It influenced the subsequent public debate about the role of Senate and the emerging plans to transform it into a self-government chamber.
„Dziki Zachód” Państwa Środka – bezpieczeństwo i gospodarka w chińskiej polityce wobec prowincji Xinjiang
Authors: Mikołajczyk Szymon
Published: November 2018

The main purpose of the article is to present the key elements of Chinese policy in Xinjiang. This western province represents 1/6 of China’s landmass and plays a significant role in Chinese security and economic policy. This study tries to show the complexity of challenges that Chinese have to face in their attitude to Xinjiang. For years, Xinjiang was known as a primary front in Chinese war on terrorism. That is why, a question whether the government uses the threat of terrorism as an excuse to violate minority rights is raised. Recently, China has been implementing a new policy, which is more concerned on economic development and improvement of living standards and could be a first step in a long way to stabilize the situation in the province.
Personalizacja polityki na poziomie lokalnym - badania w gminie Słubice
Authors: Domańska Martyna
Published: November 2018

The article presents theresults of research conductedin the municipality of Slubice. Their results clearly show that at the local level we have to deal with personalization local politics. The research also made it possible to estimate the turn ou tin this area, identify the reasons for absenteeism, an indication of the likely winners of the election for mayor and specify the reasons forvoting for a particular candidate. The project was implemented during the election campaign before the local elections of 2014.
Wybrane konflikty na scenie politycznej Polski w latach 1989-2014
Authors: Mielcarek Joanna
Published: November 2018

The main purpose of the article is to make Polish readers curious about the issue of political conflicts during past 25 years and prove them that it is not possible to get rid of them in the political sphere. After explaining the phenomenon of political conflict and the definition, presenting the genesis and methods of solving, there have been presented political conflicts since 1989. First part of the article concentrates on the Polish way to a new democratic order and present political conflicts since the first democratic governments until year 2005. The second part presents the most famous political conflict in years 2005-2014, namely the conflict between PO and PiS. The main purpose of the comparison of the conflicts over the years is to show the differences between them.
WOJNA W IRAKU W ŚWIETLE DOKTRYNY BUSHA
Authors: Kaczmarek Piotr
Published: November 2018

The article presents changes in American foreign policy after 11th 2001 and is concerned the George W. Bush’s Middle East policy. The goal of the text is presenting how the Bush doctrine leaded to war in Iraq. After the short introduction about US Middle East policy the text explains fundamental parts of doctrine and describes the most important G. W. Bush speeches and National Security Strategies from 2002 and 2006. This part is dedicated on war on terror, axis of evil and preventive war. The next part try to identify actual and the official and publically stated causes the 2003 invasion of Iraq.  The article ends with the analysis the cost of Iraq war.
Detailed Visual Cortical Responses Generated by Retinal Sheet Transplants in Rats with Severe Retinal Degeneration
Authors: Foik Andrzej T. , Lean Georgina A. , Scholl Leo R. , McLelland Bryce T. , Mathur Anuradha , Aramant Robert B. , Seiler Magdalene J. , Lyon David C.
Published: November 2018

To combat retinal degeneration, healthy fetal retinal sheets have been successfully transplanted into both rodent models and humans, with synaptic connectivity between transplant and degenerated host retina having been confirmed. In rodent studies, transplants have been shown to restore responses to flashes of light in a region of the superior colliculus corresponding to the location of the transplant in the host retina. To determine the quality and detail of visual information provided by the transplant, visual responsivity was studied here at the level of visual cortex where higher visual perception is processed. For our model, we used the transgenicRho-S334ter line-3rat (both sexes), which loses photoreceptors at an early age and is effectively blind at postnatal day 30. These rats received fetal retinal sheet transplants in one eye between 24 and 40 d of age. Three to 10 months following surgery, visually responsive neurons were found in regions of primary visual cortex matching the transplanted region of the retina that were as highly selective as normal rat to stimulus orientation, size, contrast, and spatial and temporal frequencies. Conversely, we found that selective response properties were largely absent in nontransplantedline-3rats. Our data show that fetal retinal sheet transplants can result in remarkably normal visual function in visual cortex of rats with a degenerated host retina and represents a critical step toward developing an effective remedy for the visually impaired human population.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAge-related macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa lead to profound vision loss in millions of people worldwide. Many patients lose both retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptors. Hence, there is a great demand for the development of efficient techniques that allow for long-term vision restoration. In this study, we transplanted dissected fetal retinal sheets, which can differentiate into photoreceptors and integrate with the host retina of rats with severe retinal degeneration. Remarkably, we show that transplants generated visual responses in cortex similar in quality to normal rats. Furthermore, transplants preserved connectivity within visual cortex and the retinal relay from the lateral geniculate nucleus to visual cortex, supporting their potential application in curing vision loss associated with retinal degeneration.
Method of obtaining and studying the optical properties of carbon quantum dots.
Authors: Bardasevska S.D. , Budzulyak I.M. , Budzulyak S.I. , Rachiy B.I. , Ilnytskyi R.V. , Kulchytskyi B.N. , Starchuk Yu.Yu.
Published: November 2018

The proposed method of synthesis of CQDs on the basis of nanoporous carbon obtained from plant raw materials. It is established that in the short-wave region a band is registered, which is due to the exciton mechanism of recombination, whereas in the long-wavelength region it is related to the state of defects. The kinetics of PL extinction is not strictly exponential, which most likely indicates the distributed nature of fading from individual emitters.
Electrical Conductivity and Magnetoresistance of Silicon Microstructures in the Vicinity to Metal-Insulator Transition
Authors: Khoverko Yu.М. , Shcherban N.О.
Published: November 2018

Complex research of silicon microcrystals with specific resistance from ρ300K = 0.025 Ohm × cm to ρ300K =0.007 Ohm × cm doped with boron transport impurity to concentrations corresponding to the transition of metaldielectric and modified transition metal nickel at low temperatures to the temperature of liquefied heliumT = 4.2 K in magnetic fields up to 14 Tl. The features of electrophysical characteristics of samples at lowtemperatures in strong magnetic fields up to 14 Tl are determined due to the influence of a magnetic impurity insemiconductor-diluted magnetism and the use of such crystals in sensors of physical quantities (temperature,magnetic field, deformation) is proposed.
E-cigarette Use and Subsequent Smoking Frequency Among Adolescents
Authors: Barrington-Trimis Jessica L. , Kong Grace , Leventhal Adam M. , Liu Feifei , Mayer Margaret , Cruz Tess Boley , Krishnan-Sarin Suchitra , McConnell Rob
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use is associated with cigarette initiation among adolescents. However, it is unclear whether e-cigarette use is associated with more frequent cigarette use after initiation. Also, the extent to which cigarette or dual cigarette and e-cigarette users transition to exclusive e-cigarette use or to the nonuse of either product is not yet known.

METHODS:

Data were pooled from 3 prospective cohort studies in California and Connecticut (baseline: 2013–2014; follow-up: 2014–2016; N = 6258). Polytomous regression models were used to evaluate the association of baseline e-cigarette use (never or ever) with cigarette use frequency at follow-up (experimental: initiation but no past-30-day use; infrequent: 1–2 of the past 30 days; frequent: 3–5 or more of the past 30 days). Polytomous regression models were also used to evaluate transitions between baseline ever or past-30-day single or dual product use and past-30-day single or dual product use at follow-up.

RESULTS:

Among baseline never smokers, e-cigarette users had greater odds of subsequent experimental (odds ratio [OR] = 4.58; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.56–5.88), infrequent (OR = 4.27; 95% CI: 2.75–6.62) or frequent (OR = 3.51; 95% CI: 1.97–6.24) cigarette use; the 3 OR estimates were not significantly different. Baseline past-30-day exclusive cigarette use was associated with higher odds at follow-up of exclusive cigarette or dual product use than of exclusive e-cigarette use.

CONCLUSIONS:

Tobacco control policy to reduce adolescent use of both e-cigarettes and cigarettes is needed to prevent progression to more frequent tobacco use patterns and reduce combustible cigarette use (with or without concurrent e-cigarette use) to lessen the adverse public health impact of e-cigarettes.
The Effects of Armed Conflict on Children
Authors: Shenoda Sherry , Kadir Ayesha , Pitterman Shelly , Goldhagen Jeffrey ,   SECTION ON INTERNATIONAL CHILD HEALTH, Suchdev Parminder S. , Chan Kevin J. , Howard Cynthia R. , McGann Patrick , St Clair Nicole E. , Yun Katherine , Arnold Linda D.
Published: November 2018

This Policy Statement was reaffirmed December 2023.

Children are increasingly exposed to armed conflict and targeted by governmental and nongovernmental combatants. Armed conflict directly and indirectly affects children’s physical, mental, and behavioral health. It can affect every organ system, and its impact can persist throughout the life course. In addition, children are disproportionately impacted by morbidity and mortality associated with armed conflict. A children’s rights–based approach provides a framework for collaboration by the American Academy of Pediatrics, child health professionals, and national and international partners to respond in the domains of clinical care, systems development, and policy formulation. The American Academy of Pediatrics and child health professionals have critical and synergistic roles to play in the global response to the impact of armed conflict on children.
Pharmacological correction of the hemostasis system for the surgical treatment of bitches with tumours of the mammary gland
Authors: Bely D. D. , Rublenko M. V. , Rublenko S. V. , Yevtushenko I. D. , Suslova N. I. , Samoyuluk V. V.
Published: November 2018

We carried out the clinical validation of pathogenetically substantiated protocols for the treatment of female dogs with tumour lesions of the mammary gland. The positive effect of corrective therapy was characterized by a decrease in the physiological level of fibrinogen: in benign tumours in 10 days, malignant – in 14 days against the background of its stable high level in control animals with malignant neoplasia. In the postoperative period in experimental animals, the functioning of the internal coagulation unit was restored, as evidenced by the normalization of the activated partial thromboplastin time for benign tumours by days 10–14, malignant – by 14 days. In control patients, these changes were detected only for benign neoplasms. Shifts of the external mechanism of blood coagulation in the experimental groups were eliminated in benign neoplasia cases in 10 days, malignant cases in 14 days against the background of severe disorders in this link in control patients throughout the observation period. The positive effect of complex treatment regimens is confirmed by the restoration of total fibrinolytic activity by days 10–14 due to the normalization in the same terms of the plasminogen activator and tissue plasminogen activator by days 3–7. In control animals, the total fibrinolytic activity was consistent with those of clinically healthy animals only for benign neoplasms. The balancing of coagulation and fibrinolytic mechanisms was accompanied by a decrease in the activity of proteolytic inhibitors: α2-macroglobulin in experimental groups with benign neoplasia by day 10, malignant – by days 10–14, and control – respectively, by days 3 and 14; α1-proteinase inhibitor in all groups by day 3. Concentration of nitric oxide after extirpation of benign tumors already at day 3 of the postoperative period in all groups corresponded to the indexes of clinically healthy dogs, with the removal of malignant tumours – in experimental animals at day 3, control – at day 14. The content of malondialdehyde and ceruloplasmin against the background of pharmacological correction was restored by days 10–14, whereas in control animals – only with benign neoplasms by day 14. Postoperative pharmacological correction of the hemostasis system can significantly improve the results of treatment in cancer patients.
Antimicrobial activity of phytoextracts on opportunistic oral bacteria, yeast and bacteria from probiotics
Authors: Vorobets N. M. , Kryvtsova M. V. , Rivis O. Y. , Spivak M. Y. , Yavorska H. V. , Semenova H. M.
Published: November 2018

Developed experimental assays enable us to compare the antimicrobial activity of herbal medicinal drugs on Lactobacillus and Bacillus strains probiotics, which have been claimed to possess the ability of suppressing the growth of various oral pathogens. In the treatment of periodontal disease it is advisable to use a comprehensive approach which would include the application of herbal remedies and probiotics. The combination of such effects may be a new approach in dentistry due to their complementary antimicrobial activity. In this study, we researched antimicrobial effects of herbal medicinal drugs (tinctures of some medical plants, solutions Rotocanum and Chlorophyllipt) against collection strains and clinical strains isolated from the oral cavity of patients with periodontitis, and probiotic strains Bacillus subtilis UKM В-5007 and Bacillus licheniformis UKM В-5514 that are part of the active base of probiotic Biosporin (Ukraine), Bacillus clausii from the probiotic Normaflore (Hungary), as well as the strains Lactobacillus spp. – from probiotic Lactobacterinum (Biopharma, Ukraine). For investigation, the standard agar dilution method was used in modification with glass cylinders. The results of the research showed that among the studied herbal medicinal remedies, tinctures of Eucalypthus viminalis, Mentha piperita and Chlorophyllipt had the strongest antimicrobial activity. Probiotic strains are also sensitive to herbal tinctures (except the tinctura of wormwood), which indicate the possibility of only consecutive usage (with an interval of time) of herbal remedies and probiotics in combination therapy in the treatment of periodontal diseases.
Influence of formic acid on the vitality of Strongyloides papillosus
Authors: Boyko О. О. , Gavrilina O. G. , Gavrilin P. N. , Gugosyan Y. A. , Brygadyrenko V. V.
Published: November 2018

Formic acid (methanoic acid, HCOOH) is an organic compound which belongs to saturated monobasic acids. In natural conditions, it is secreted from the glands of ants, and also extracted from the leaves of stinging nettles. It is soluble in water in any proportions, which makes it practical to use for making aquatic solutions. It is broadly used as a preservative in the food industry – Е236 food additive (Codex Alimentarius), as a bactericide in medicine and veterinary medicine, and is also used against agricultural pest species of insects and mites. The in vitro and in vivo experiments revealed the anthelmintic properties of the acid against Strongyloides papillosus nematodes, parasites of the gastrointestinal tract of Ruminantia and rabbits. In the conditions of in vitro, 100% of (L1, L2, L3) nematode larvae died from a 1% solution of formic acid (10 g/l) after 24 hours exposure. When exposed to less strong concentrations of the acid (1, 0.1, 0.01, 0.001 g/l), vital forms of L3 S. papillosus were found. Non-invasive stages (L1, L2) are less resistant to the impact of the acid – death of 100% of the larvae was observed under the impact of 0.1% solution and up to 60% of larvae died at 0.01% solution of formic acid in the same conditions. LD50 for L3 invasive larvae of S. papillosus equaled 0.47%, and 0.0076% for L1, L2 non-invasive larvae of S. papillosus. In the conditions of in vivo experiment (with guinea pigs), the effective dose of formic acid was 0.4% ml/kg of the animal`s body weight. The results of the coproscopy after the treatment demonstrated absence of the helminth larvae in the feces of the laboratory animals during 10 days and their occurrence only on days 15–20 with a low intensity (90 larvae/g of feces on average). During an external examination of the corpses of the animals of the experimental group, no pathological changes were found. The intestine, the heart, the lungs and the liver of the animals from this group had no macroscopic changes – they were of natural colour and size. The hepatocytes looked normal and the structure of the liver lobes was maintained. In the tissues of the liver of the animals from the experimental and control groups, we found processes of passive congestion, and an insignificant degree of signs of hepatic steatosis.