bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial and seasonal distribution of human schistosomiasis intermediate host snails and their interactions with other freshwater snails in 7 districts of KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa
Authors: Nwoko Onyekachi Esther , Manyangadze Tawanda , Chimbari Moses John
Published: May 2023

The spatial and seasonal distribution, abundance, and infection rates of human schistosomiasis intermediate host snails and interactions with other freshwater snails, water physicochemical parameters, and climatic factors was determined in this study. A longitudinal malacology survey was conducted at seventy-nine sites in seven districts in KwaZulu-Natal province between September 2020 and August 2021. Snail sampling was done simultaneously by two trained personnel for fifteen minutes, once in three months. A total of 15,756 snails were collected during the study period. Eight freshwater snails were found: Bulinus globosus (n = 1396), Biomphalaria pfeifferi (n = 1130), Lymnaea natalensis (n = 1195), Bulinus tropicus (n = 1722), Bulinus forskalii (n = 195), Tarebia granifera (n = 8078), Physa acuta (n = 1579), and Bivalves (n = 461). The infection rates of B. globosus and B. pfeifferi are 3.5% and 0.9%, respectively. In our study, rainfall, pH, type of habitats, other freshwater snails and seasons influenced the distribution, abundance, and infection rates of human schistosomiasis intermediate host snails (p-value < 0.05). Our findings provide useful information which can be adopted in designing and implementing snail control strategies as part of schistosomiasis control in the study area.
Modeling of H2S solubility in ionic liquids: comparison of white-box machine learning, deep learning and ensemble learning approaches
Authors: Mousavi Seyed-Pezhman , Nakhaei-Kohani Reza , Atashrouz Saeid , Hadavimoghaddam Fahimeh , Abedi Ali , Hemmati-Sarapardeh Abdolhossein , Mohaddespour Ahmad
Published: May 2023

In the context of gas processing and carbon sequestration, an adequate understanding of the solubility of acid gases in ionic liquids (ILs) under various thermodynamic circumstances is crucial. A poisonous, combustible, and acidic gas that can cause environmental damage is hydrogen sulfide (H2S). ILs are good choices for appropriate solvents in gas separation procedures. In this work, a variety of machine learning techniques, such as white-box machine learning, deep learning, and ensemble learning, were established to determine the solubility of H2S in ILs. The white-box models are group method of data handling (GMDH) and genetic programming (GP), the deep learning approach is deep belief network (DBN) and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) was selected as an ensemble approach. The models were established utilizing an extensive database with 1516 data points on the H2S solubility in 37 ILs throughout an extensive pressure and temperature range. Seven input variables, including temperature (T), pressure (P), two critical variables such as temperature (Tc) and pressure (Pc), acentric factor (ω), boiling temperature (Tb), and molecular weight (Mw), were used in these models; the output was the solubility of H2S. The findings show that the XGBoost model, with statistical parameters such as an average absolute percent relative error (AAPRE) of 1.14%, root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.002, standard deviation (SD) of 0.01, and a determination coefficient (R2) of 0.99, provides more precise calculations for H2S solubility in ILs. The sensitivity assessment demonstrated that temperature and pressure had the highest negative and highest positive affect on the H2S solubility in ILs, respectively. The Taylor diagram, cumulative frequency plot, cross-plot, and error bar all demonstrated the high effectiveness, accuracy, and reality of the XGBoost approach for predicting the H2S solubility in various ILs. The leverage analysis shows that the majority of the data points are experimentally reliable and just a small number of data points are found beyond the application domain of the XGBoost paradigm. Beyond these statistical results, some chemical structure effects were evaluated. First, it was shown that the lengthening of the cation alkyl chain enhances the H2S solubility in ILs. As another chemical structure effect, it was shown that higher fluorine content in anion leads to higher solubility in ILs. These phenomena were confirmed by experimental data and the model results. Connecting solubility data to the chemical structure of ILs, the results of this study can further assist to find appropriate ILs for specialized processes (based on the process conditions) as solvents for H2S.
SOC stocks prediction on the basis of spatial and temporal variation in soil properties by using partial least square regression
Authors: Usman Jawaria , Begum Shaheen
Published: May 2023

Global warming is a wide-scale problem and soil carbon sequestration is its local scale, natural solution. Role of soil as carbon sink has been researched extensively but the knowledge regarding the role of soil variables in predicting soil carbon uptake and its retention is scarce. The current study predicts SOC stocks in the topsoil of Islamabad-Rawalpindi region keeping the soil properties as explanatory variables and applying the partial least square regression model on two different seasons’ datasets. Samples collected from the twin cities of Islamabad and Rawalpindi were tested for soil color, texture, moisture-content, SOM, bulk density, soil pH, EC, SOC, sulphates, nitrates, phosphates, fluorides, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and heavy metals (nickel, chromium, cadmium, copper and manganese) by applying standard protocols. Afterwards, PLSR was applied to predict the SOC-stocks. Although, current SOC stocks, ranged from 2.4 to 42.5 Mg/hectare, but the outcomes of PLSR projected that if soil variables remain unaltered, the SOC stocks would be likely to get concentrated around 10 Mg/hectare in the region. The study also identified variable importance for both seasons’ datasets so that noisy variables in the datasets could be ruled out in future researches and precise and accurate estimations could be made.
Constraining the tectonic evolution of rifted continental margins by U–Pb calcite dating
Authors: Hestnes Åse , Drost Kerstin , Sømme Tor O. , Gasser Deta , Scheiber Thomas , Linge Henriette , Chew David , Jacobs Joachim
Published: May 2023

We employ U–Pb calcite dating of structurally-controlled fracture fills within crystalline Caledonian basement in western Norway to reveal subtle large-scale tectonic events that affected this rifted continental margin. The ages (15 in total) fall into four distinct groups with ages mainly ranging from latest Cretaceous to Pleistocene. (1) The three oldest (Triassic-Jurassic) ages refine the complex faulting history of a reactivated fault strand originated from the Caledonian collapse and broadly correlate with known rifting events offshore. (2) Two ages of ca. 90–80 Ma relate to lithospheric stretching and normal fault reactivation of a major ENE-WSW trending late Caledonian shear zone. (3) We correlate five ages between ca. 70 and 60 Ma with far-field effects and dynamic uplift related to the proto-Iceland mantle plume, the effect and extent of which is highly debated. (4) The five youngest ages (< 50 Ma) from distinct NE–SW trending faults are interpreted to represent several episodes of post-breakup fracture dilation, indicating a long-lived Cenozoic deformation history. Our new U–Pb data combined with structural and isotopic data show that much larger tracts of the uplifted continental margin of western Norway have been affected by far-field tectonic stresses than previously anticipated, with deformation continuing into the late Cenozoic.
TRPM7 kinase mediates hypomagnesemia-induced seizure-related death
Authors: Liu Man , Liu Hong , Feng Feng , Krook-Magnuson Esther , Dudley Samuel C.
Published: May 2023

Hypomagnesemia (HypoMg) can cause seizures and death, but the mechanism is unknown. Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M 7 (TRPM7) is a Mg transporter with both channel and kinase function. In this study, we focused on the kinase role of TRPM7 in HypoMg-induced seizures and death. Wild type C57BL/6J mice and transgenic mice with a global homozygous mutation in the TRPM7 kinase domain (TRPM7K1646R, with no kinase function) were fed with control diet or a HypoMg diet. After 6 weeks of HypoMg diet, mice had significantly decreased serum Mg, elevated brain TRPM7, and a significant rate of death, with females being most susceptible. Deaths were immediately preceded by seizure events. TRPM7K1646R mice showed resistance to seizure-induced death. HypoMg-induced brain inflammation and oxidative stress were suppressed by TRPM7K1646R. Compared to their male counterparts, HypoMg female mice had higher levels of inflammation and oxidative stress in the hippocampus. We concluded that TRPM7 kinase function contributes seizure-induced deaths in HypoMg mice and that inhibiting the kinase reduced inflammation and oxidative stress.
Erosion-inhibiting potential of the stannous fluoride-enriched CPP-ACP complex in vitro
Authors: Al Saady Deena , Hall Colin , Edwards Suzanne , Reynolds Eric C. , Richards Lindsay C. , Ranjitkar Sarbin
Published: May 2023

Currently available anti-erosive agents only provide partial protection, emphasizing the need to enhance their performance. By characterizing erosive enamel wear at the nanoscale, the aim of this in vitro study was to assess the anti-erosive effects of SnF2 and CPP-ACP both individually and synergistically. Erosion depths were assessed longitudinally on 40 polished human enamel specimens after 1, 5, and 10 erosion cycles. Each cycle comprised one-min erosion in citric acid (pH 3.0) and one-min treatment in whole saliva (control group) or a slurry of one of the three anti-erosive pastes (10% CPP-ACP; 0.45% SnF2 (1100 ppm F); or SnF2/CPP-ACP (10% CPP-ACP + 0.45% SnF2)) (n = 10 per group). Scratch depths were assessed longitudinally in separate experiments using a similar protocol after 1, 5, and 10 cycles. Compared with the control groups, all slurries reduced erosion depths after 1 cycle (p ≤ 0.004) and scratch depths after 5 cycles (p ≤ 0.012). The order of anti-erosive potential was SnF2/CPP-ACP > SnF2 > CPP-ACP > control for erosion depth analysis, and SnF2/CPP-ACP > (SnF2 = CPP-ACP) > control for scratch depth analysis. These data provide ‘proof of concept’ evidence that SnF2/CPP-ACP has superior anti-erosive potential compared to SnF2 or CPP-ACP alone.
Apoptosis induction in cancer cell lines and anti-inflammatory and anti-pathogenic properties of proteinaceous metabolites secreted from potential probiotic Enterococcus faecalis KUMS-T48
Authors: Salek Faezeh , Mirzaei Hamid , Khandaghi Jalil , Javadi Afshin , Nami Yousef
Published: May 2023

Potential probioticEnterococcus faecalisKUMS-T48, isolated from a kind of Iranian traditional dairy product (Tarkhineh), was assessed for its anti-pathogenic, anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative properties against HT-29 and AGS cancer cell lines. This strain showed strong effects onBacillus subtilisandListeria monocytogenesand moderate effect onYersinia enterocolitica, while indicated weak effect onKlebsiella pneumoniaeandEscherichia coli. Also, neutralizing the cell-free supernatant and treating it with catalase and proteinase K enzymes reduced the antibacterial effects. Similar to Taxol, the cell-free supernatant ofE. faecalisKUMS-T48 inhibited the in vitro proliferation of both cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner, but unlike Taxol, they had no activity against normal cell line (FHs-74). Pronase-treatment of the CFS ofE. faecalisKUMS-T48 abrogated its anti-proliferative capacity, thereby showing the proteinaceous nature of the cell-free supernatant. Further, induction of apoptosis-based cytotoxic mechanism byE. faecalisKUMS-T48 cell-free supernatant is related to anti-apoptotic genes ErbB-2 and ErbB-3, which is different from Taxol’s apoptosis induction (intrinsic mitochondria apoptosis pathway). Also, as evidenced by a decline in interleukin 1β inflammation-promoting gene expression and a rise in the anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 gene expression in the HT-29 cell line, probioticE. faecalisKUMS-T48 cell-free supernatant demonstrated a significant anti-inflammatory impact.
DNA methylation variations and epigenetic aging in telomere biology disorders
Authors: Carlund Olivia , Norberg Anna , Osterman Pia , Landfors Mattias , Degerman Sofie , Hultdin Magnus
Published: May 2023

Telomere Biology Disorders (TBDs) are characterized by mutations in telomere-related genes leading to short telomeres and premature aging but with no strict correlation between telomere length and disease severity. Epigenetic alterations are also markers of aging and we aimed to evaluate whether DNA methylation (DNAm) could be part of the pathogenesis of TBDs. In blood from 35 TBD cases, genome-wide DNAm were analyzed and the cases were grouped based on relative telomere length (RTL): short (S), with RTL close to normal controls, and extremely short (ES). TBD cases had increased epigenetic age and DNAm alterations were most prominent in the ES-RTL group. Thus, the differentially methylated (DM) CpG sites could be markers of short telomeres but could also be one of the mechanisms contributing to disease phenotype since DNAm alterations were observed in symptomatic, but not asymptomatic, cases with S-RTL. Furthermore, two or more DM-CpGs were identified in four genes previously linked to TBD or telomere length (PRDM8, SMC4, VARS, and WNT6) and in three genes that were novel in telomere biology (MAS1L, NAV2, and TM4FS1). The DM-CpGs in these genes could be markers of aging in hematological cells, but they could also be of relevance for the progression of TBD.
Cost-effective Whole Exome Sequencing discovers pathogenic variant causing Neurofibromatosis type 1 in a family from Jammu and Kashmir, India
Authors: Spolia Akshi , Angural Arshia , Sharma Varun , Shipra  , Razdan Sushil , Dhar Manoj K. , Mahajan Ankit , Verma Vijeshwar , Pandita Kamal K. , Sharma Swarkar , Rai Ekta
Published: May 2023

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a multisystemic hereditary disorder associated with an increased risk of benign and malignant tumor formation predominantly on the skin, bone, and peripheral nervous system. It has been reported that out of all the NF1 cases, more than 95% cases develop the disease due to heterozygous loss-of-function variants in Neurofibromin (NF1) gene. However, identification of NF1 causative variants by presently recommended method of gene-targeted Sanger sequencing is challenging and cost-intensive due to the large size of the NF1gene with 60 exons spanning about 350 kb. Further, conducting the genetic studies is difficult in low resource regions and among families with the limited financial capabilities, restricting them from availing diagnostic as well as proper disease management measures. Here, we studied a three-generation family from Jammu and Kashmir state in India, with multiple affected family members showing clinical indications of NF1. We combinedly used two applications, Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing, for this study and discovered a nonsense variant NM_000267.3:c.2041C>T (NP_000258.1:p.Arg681Ter*) in exon 18 of NF1 gene in a cost effective manner. In silico analyses further substantiated the pathogenicity of this novel variant. The study also emphasized on the role of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) as a cost-effective method for the discovery of pathogenic variants in disorders with known phenotypes found in large sized candidate genes. The current study is the first study based on the genetic characterization of NF1 from Jammu and Kashmir–India, highlighting the importance of the described methodology adopted for the identification and understanding of the disease in low resource region. The early diagnosis of genetic disorders would open the door to appropriate genetic counseling, reducing the disease burden in the affected families and the general population at large.
Changes in the chemical compositions and biological properties of kombucha beverages made from black teas and pineapple peels and cores
Authors: Phung Ly Tu , Kitwetcharoen Haruthairat , Chamnipa Nuttaporn , Boonchot Nongluck , Thanonkeo Sudarat , Tippayawat Patcharaporn , Klanrit Preekamol , Yamada Mamoru , Thanonkeo Pornthap
Published: May 2023

Several raw materials have been used as partial supplements or entire replacements for the main ingredients of kombucha to improve the biological properties of the resulting kombucha beverage. This study used pineapple peels and cores (PPC), byproducts of pineapple processing, as alternative raw materials instead of sugar for kombucha production. Kombuchas were produced from fusions of black tea and PPC at different ratios, and their chemical profiles and biological properties, including antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, were determined and compared with the control kombucha without PPC supplementation. The results showed that PPC contained high amounts of beneficial substances, including sugars, polyphenols, organic acids, vitamins, and minerals. An analysis of the microbial community in a kombucha SCOBY (Symbiotic Cultures of Bacteria and Yeasts) using next-generation sequencing revealed that Acetobacter and Komagataeibacter were the most predominant acetic acid bacteria. Furthermore, Dekkera and Bacillus were also the prominent yeast and bacteria in the kombucha SCOBY. A comparative analysis was performed for kombucha products fermented using black tea and a fusion of black tea and PPC, and the results revealed that the kombucha made from the black tea and PPC infusion exhibited a higher total phenolic content and antioxidant activity than the control kombucha. The antimicrobial properties of the kombucha products made from black tea and the PPC infusion were also greater than those of the control. Several volatile compounds that contributed to the flavor, aroma, and beneficial health properties, such as esters, carboxylic acids, phenols, alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones, were detected in kombucha products made from a fusion of black tea and PPC. This study shows that PPC exhibits high potential as a supplement to the raw material infusion used with black tea for functional kombucha production.
Impact of body mass index on outcomes after lumbar spine surgery
Authors: Nakajima Koji , Miyahara Junya , Ohtomo Nozomu , Nagata Kosei , Kato So , Doi Toru , Matsubayashi Yoshitaka , Taniguchi Yuki , Kawamura Naohiro , Higashikawa Akiro , Takeshita Yujiro , Fukushima Masayoshi , Ono Takashi , Hara Nobuhiro , Azuma Seiichi , Iwai Hiroki , Oshina Masahito , Sugita Shurei , Hirai Shima , Masuda Kazuhiro , Tanaka Sakae , Oshima Yasushi
Published: May 2023

The impact of body mass index (BMI) on outcomes after lumbar spine surgery is currently unknown. Previous studies have reported conflicting evidence for patients with high BMI, while little research has been conducted on outcomes for underweight patients. This study aims to examine the impact of BMI on outcomes after lumbar spine surgery. This prospective cohort study enrolled 5622 patients; of which, 194, 5027, and 401 were in the low (< 18.5 kg/m2), normal (18.5–30), and high (≥ 30) BMI groups, respectively. Pain was assessed via the numerical pain rating scale (NPRS) for the lower back, buttock, leg, and plantar area. Quality of life was assessed via the EuroQol 5 Dimension (EQ-5D) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Inverse probability weighting with propensity scores was used to adjust patient demographics and clinical characteristics between the groups. After adjustment, the 1-year postoperative scores differed significantly between groups in terms of leg pain. The proportion of patients who achieved a 50% decrease in postoperative NPRS score for leg pain was also significantly different. Obese patients reported less improvement in leg pain after lumbar spine surgery. The outcomes of patients with low BMI were not inferior to those of patients with normal BMI.
Association of alcohol use and multimorbidity among adults aged 40 years and above in rural South Africa
Authors: Mpinganjira Mafuno G. , Chirwa Tobias , Kabudula Chodziwadziwa. W. , Gómez-Olivé Francesc Xavier , Tollman Stephen , Francis Joel Msafiri
Published: May 2023

We assessed the prevalence of reported alcohol use and its association with multimorbidity among adults aged 40 years and above in a rural, transitioning South African setting. Findings could potentially inform alcohol interventions integration in the prevention and treatment of chronic conditions. We analysed data from the first wave of The Health and Ageing in Africa—a longitudinal Study in an INDEPTH community (HAALSI) nested within the Agincourt Health and Demographic Surveillance Systems, conducted between November 2014 and November 2015 (n = 5059). We computed descriptive statistics and performed univariate analysis to determine factors independently associated with multimorbidity. Age, Body Mass Index, education, sex, and household wealth status and variables with a p-value < 0.20 in univariate analysis were included in multivariable Modified Poisson regression models. Any factors with a p-value of < 0.05 in the final models were considered statistically significant. The first wave of HAALSI was completed by 5059 participants aged 40 years and above and included 2714 (53.6%) females. The prevalence of reported ever alcohol use was 44.6% (n = 2253) and of these 51.9% (n = 1171) reported alcohol use in the last 30 days. The prevalence of HIV multimorbidity was 59.6% (3014/5059) and for multimorbidity without HIV 52.5% (2657/5059). Alcohol use was associated with HIV multimorbidity among all participants (RR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.02–1.08), and separately for males (RR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.00–1.10) and females (RR: 1.06, 95%CI: 1.02–1.11). Similarly, alcohol use was associated with multimorbidity without HIV among all participants (RR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.02–1.09), and separately for males (RR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.00–1.12) and females (RR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01–1.11). Reported alcohol use was common and associated with HIV multimorbidity and multimorbidity without HIV among older adults in rural northeast South Africa. There is a need to integrate Screening, Brief Interventions, and Referral for alcohol Treatment in the existing prevention and treatment of multimorbidity in South Africa.
Humic lakes with inefficient and efficient transfer of matter in planktonic food webs
Authors: Karpowicz Maciej , Grabowska Magdalena , Ejsmont-Karabin Jolanta , Ochocka Agnieszka
Published: May 2023

Humic compounds and related factors are the main constraints for the development of zooplankton in humic lakes, leading to low transfer efficiency in food webs. The results of this study indicated that some zooplankton species could have an advantage under these conditions. We found that the mass development of omnivorous Asplanchna priodonta in temperate humic lakes could be caused by the domination of high nutritional algae such as Gonyostomum semen and Botryococcus braunii. These algae are too large for most zooplankton to ingest, but A. priodonta can feed on a wide range of particles and benefit from this high-nutritional food. Small cladocerans (Ceriodaphnia, Bosmina) might be favored when picoplankton and small algae-dominate humic lakes. Therefore, some zooplankton species could have an advantage and control the development of phytoplankton, leading to the effective transfer of matter and energy in the planktonic food web in humic lakes.
Analysis of spatial and temporal trend of hydro-climatic parameters in the Kilombero River Catchment, Tanzania
Authors: Sigalla Onesmo Zakaria , Valimba Patrick , Selemani Juma Rajabu , Kashaigili Japhet J. , Tumbo Madaka
Published: May 2023

Inadequate knowledge on actual water availability, have raised social-economic conflicts that necessitate proper water management. This requires a better understanding of spatial–temporal trends of hydro-climatic variables as the main contributor to available water for use by sectors of economy. The study has analysed the trend of hydro-climatic variables viz. precipitation, temperature, evapotranspiration and river discharge. One downstream river gauge station was used for discharge data whereas a total of 9 daily observed and 29 grided satellite stations were used for climate data. Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation was used for precipitation data and Observational-Reanalysis Hybrid was used for Temperature data. Mann–Kendall Statistical test, Sen’s slope estimator and ArcMap Inverse Distance Weighted Interpolation functionality were employed for temporal, magnitude and spatial trend analysis respectively. Results confirmed that, spatially, there are three main climatic zones in the study area viz. Udzungwa escarpment, Kilombero valley and Mahenge escarpment. On temporal analysis, with exception of the declining potential evapotranspiration trend, all other variables are on increase. This is with catchment rates of 2.08 mm/year, 0.05 °C/year, 0.02 °C/year, 498.6 m3/s/year and − 2.27 mm/year for precipitation, Tmax, Tmin, river discharge and PET respectively. Furthermore, rainfalls start late by a month (November) while temperatures picks earlier by September and October for Tmax and Tmin respectively. Water availability matches farming season. However, it is recommended to improve water resources management practices to limit flow impairment as expansions in sectors of economy are expected. Furthermore, landuse change analysis is recommended to ascertain actual trend and hence future water uptake.
Cutaneous body image in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa: a hospital-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Koumaki Dimitra , Rovithi Evangelia , Solia Apokidou Erato , Papadakis Marios , Katoulis Alexander , Evangelou George
Published: May 2023

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) has been linked with body image (BI) impairment and reduced quality of life (QoL). We sought to evaluate the associations between Cutaneous Body Image Scale (CBIS) and disease severity in HS patients.Between July 2020 and January 2022, a cross-sectional study was carried out including consecutive HS patients above the age of 16 who attended a Tertiary Referral Hospital in Greece. Disease Severity was graded with the Hurley stage, HS-Physician’s Global Assessment (HS-PGA) scale, and the Modified Sartorius scale (MSS). Patients completed at their first visit ten survey instruments including Patients’ Severity of disease, pain and pruritus scale, CBIS, Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ) including 5 subscales: Appearance Evaluation (AE), Appearance Orientation (AO), Body Areas Satisfaction Scale (BASS), Overweight Preoccupation (OWP), and Self Classified Weight (SCW) , Dermatology Quality of Life Index (DLQI), Skindex-16, EQ5D 5L, EQ- visual analogue scale (VAS), PHQ9, and GAD7. In total, 70 HS patients above 16 years old participated, mean [SD] age, 34.44 [11.64] years; 49/70 (70%) males and 21/70 (30%) females. Mean ± SD CBI, DLQI, Skindex-16 total, EQ-5D-5L, EQ VAS, PHQ9 and GAD7 were 5.59 ± 1.58, 11.70 ± 8.88, 52.90 ± 27.75, 0.75 ± 0.21, 62.48 ± 21.12, 7.64 ± 5.56, 7.87 ± 5.23 respectively. Moderate to severe CBI dissatisfaction was reported by 36/70 (51.42%) patients. CBI was correlated with appearance evaluation (AE) (p < 0.01, r = 0.544), body areas satisfaction (BASS) (p < 0.01, r = 0.481), and overweight preoccupation subscale (OWPS) (p < 0.01, r =  − 0.267), and Skindex-16 (p < 0.01, r =  − 0.288). HS patients with affected genital areas scored higher in disease patient’s severity score (p = 0.015), and male patients scored higher in Skindex-16 than females(p < 0.01). Our study found that the mean of CBI in HS patients was 5.59 ± SD 1.58. Predictors for CBI dissatisfaction were low scores of MBSRQ Appearance Evaluation (AE) and Body Areas Satisfaction Subscale (BASS).
Dual-amplification colorimetric detection of bisphenol A based on catalytic hairpin assembly and DNAzyme-caused fragment self-assembly hybridization chain reaction
Authors: Yun Wen , Lin Yiyan , Wang Ruiqi , Ha Xia , Xie Nana , Xiong Xiaoli , Xiong Zhengwei , Li Ning , Wang Xingmin , Yang Lizhu
Published: May 2023

An efficient and innovative strategy for colorimetric detection of bisphenol A (BPA) is shown here based on target-induced catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) and DNAzyme-caused fragment self-assembly hybridization chain reaction (HCR).
Facile implantation of imidazole-ring into graphitic carbon nitride for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production
Authors: He Siyuan , Wang Guanchao , Zhao Zhongkui
Published: May 2023

Polyimidazolium effectively extends the delocalization of the π-electron conjunction system of carbon nitride, endowing it with 4659 μmol h−1 g−1 of high hydrogen evolution rate and 10.1% of apparent quantum efficiency at a wavelength of 420 nm.
Interesting chemical and physical features of the products of the reactions between trivalent lanthanoids and a tetradentate Schiff base derived from cyclohexane-1,2-diamine
Authors: Mylonas-Margaritis Ioannis , Lada Zoi G. , Kitos Alexandros A. , Maniaki Diamantoula , Skordi Katerina , Tasiopoulos Anastasios J. , Bekiari Vlasoula , Escuer Albert , Mayans Julia , Nastopoulos Vassilios , Bakalbassis Evangelos G. , Papaioannou Dionissios , Perlepes Spyros P.
Published: May 2023

The initial use of a tetradentate Schiff base (LH2) derived from the 2 : 1 condensation between 2-hydroxyacetophenone and cyclohexane-1,2-diamine in 4f-metal chemistry is described.
Evaluation of mixture toxicity literature and chemical space: a data centric approach
Authors: Mehta Vatsal , Shobair Mahmoud , Mahony Catherine
Published: May 2023

Mixture toxicity literature is dominated by water pollutants, pesticides, environmental pollutants, insecticides, soil pollutants, and chemicals described as persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic.
Direct non-target analysis of dissolved organic matter and disinfection by-products in drinking water with nano-LC-FT-ICR-MS
Authors: Han Limei , Lohse Martin , Nihemaiti Maolida , Reemtsma Thorsten , Lechtenfeld Oliver J.
Published: May 2023

Detection of DBPs directly from only 1 μL of drinking water provides novel and less biased insights of DBP formation and their chemical properties.
A novel peptide derived fromHaematococcus pluvialisresidue exhibits anti-aging activity inCaenorhabditis elegans viathe insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway
Authors: He Wanshi , Xie Junting , Xia Zenghui , Chen Xiaoyan , Xiao Jie , Cao Yong , Liu Xiaojuan
Published: May 2023

The study evaluatedCaenorhabditis elegans's anti-aging activity ofHaematococcus pluvialispeptide, improving stress resistance and antioxidant propertiesviathe IIS pathway.
Ultrafine aramid nanofibers prepared by high-efficiency wet ball-milling-assisted deprotonation for high-performance nanopaper
Authors: Han Gaojie , Zhou Bing , Li Zhaoyang , Feng Yuezhan , Liu Chuntai , Shen Changyu
Published: May 2023

Wet ball milling-assisted deprotonation (BMAD) strategy was put forward and carried out to prepare aramid nanofiber (ANF) with high preparation efficiency (20 g L−1 h−1), ultrafine fiber diameter (2.09 nm) and narrow distribution (1.0-4.0 nm).
DFT/TDDFTin silicodesign of ullazine-derived D–π–A–π–A dye photosensitiser
Authors: Huang Jing , Yang Lei , Chen Zhangxu , Zhou Yikun , Zeng Shasha
Published: May 2023

This research highlighted the replacement of CC by CC reduced the aggregation and improved the photoelectronic property and the D–π–A–π–A dyeHJ8was selected as a potential dye for dye-sensitised solar cells with excellent LHE.
InAs nanowire arrays for room-temperature ultra-broadband infrared photodetection
Authors: Li Ziyuan , Azimi Zahra , Li Zhe , Yu Yang , Huang Longsibo , Jin Weiqi , Tan Hark Hoe , Jagadish Chennupati , Wong-Leung Jennifer , Fu Lan
Published: May 2023

Wurtzite dominant InAs nanowire arrays with a low density of stacking faults were grown by using selective area metal–organic vapour-phase epitaxy, for the demonstration of high-performance short- and mid-wave infrared photodetector applications.
Cobalt selenide with ordered cation vacancies for efficient oxygen reduction and frigostable Al–air batteries
Authors: Liu Jianxue , Zhang Chao , Xu Chen , Yang Wenwen , Cao Yuan , Lu Huimin
Published: May 2023

Metal–air batteries are still blocked by sluggish ORR processes, especially under low temperature. Thus Co0.85Se@N,Se-CNFs loading metallic Co0.85Se with ordered vacancies were prepared into Al–air batteries for wide range applications (−40–50 °C).
Electrically tunable polarized luminescence from guest–host composites via interaction between rare earth complexes and liquid crystals
Authors: Sang Xu , Zhang Kang , Khan Adnan , Xu Rui , Li Yan , Yang Jiaxin , Feng Ming , Liu Lisa , Song Feng , Huang Wei
Published: May 2023

Electrically tunable polarized luminescence of Eu(tta)3phen/E7 composites is obtained. The origin of polarized luminescence is analyzed from three aspects based on the interaction between rare earth complexes and liquid crystals.
Copper-catalyzed reaction of benzoxazinanones with sulfilimines: access to 2-ethynyl-benzoimidazoles via an abnormal skeletal rearrangement
Authors: Zhang Tao , Ni Yifeng , Sun Jiangtao
Published: May 2023

A copper-catalyzed reaction of benzoxazinanones with sulfilimines has been described, and 2-ethynyl-benzoimidazoles were obtained in good yields via an abnormal skeletal rearrangement.
Dimensional regulation of the aggregation-induced emission properties for complexes
Authors: Wang Shuyu , Wang Lei , Fang Fang , Ma Xun , Guo Yuanyuan , Wang Ruidong , Zhang Suoshu , Zhang Zhen , Du Lin , Zhao Qi-Hua
Published: May 2023

Two similar ligands (tpemc and tpedc) with few coordination sites were used to design and construct a series of Eu-complexes with three different dimensions in this work. Complexes 1–3 showed an incremental AIE phenomenon.
Straightforward and regiospecific synthesis of 1,3,5,7-tetra-arylated acene bearing different aryl groups
Authors: Sato Ryota , Chen Kunfeng , Yasuda Takeshi , Kanbara Takaki , Kuwabara Junpei
Published: May 2023

1,3,5,7-Tetra-arylated acene derivatives were synthesised by first introducing aryl groups at the 1,5-positions via cross-coupling reactions and then selectively introducing pentafluorophenyl groups at the 3,7-positions via CDC reactions.
Metal-free 1,3-dipolar cyclization of azides with HFO-1233zd(E) in the presence of amines: one-step regioselective synthesis of 1-N-substituted 1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxamide derivatives
Authors: Wang Jing , Yu Qian , Wang Zheng , Zhang Zheteng , Zeng Linghui , Zhang Chong , Zhu Huajian , Shao Jiaan , Zhang Jiankang
Published: May 2023

A simple and metal-free strategy for the regioselective synthesis of 1-N-substituted 1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxamide derivatives was developed by employing azides, HFO-1233zd(E) and amines in an aqueous reaction medium.
Enhancing the temperature sensing property of a Ca0.79−xBixEr0.01Yb0.2MoO4 phosphor via local symmetry distortion and reduction in non-radiative channels
Authors: Singh Sachin , Kachhap Santosh , Sharma Manisha , Singh Sunil Kumar
Published: May 2023

We demonstrate an enhancement in the upconversion (UC) emission and temperature sensing property of a CaMoO4:Er/Yb phosphor via distortion of the local symmetry environments.
Role of supramolecular polymers in photo-actuation of spiropyran hydrogels
Authors: Li Chuang , Xiong Qinsi , Clemons Tristan D. , Sai Hiroaki , Yang Yang , Hussain Sangji M. , Iscen Aysenur , Palmer Liam C. , Schatz George C. , Stupp Samuel I.
Published: May 2023

Supramolecular-covalent hybrid spiropyran hydrogels are developed to generate robotic functions in response to light. The morphology of supramolecular phases is found to play a critical role in mechanical photo-actuation of these hybrid hydrogels.
Photogenerated charge transfer in Dion–Jacobson type layered perovskite based on naphthalene diimide
Authors: Nussbaum Simon , Socie Etienne , Fish George C. , Diercks Nicolas J. , Hempel Hannes , Friedrich Dennis , Moser Jacques-E. , Yum Jun-Ho , Sivula Kevin
Published: May 2023

An electron-accepting spacer di-cation based on naphthalene diimide is incorporated into layered and quasi-layered perovskite structure, and the effect of the resulting type II heterostructure on the optoelectronic structure is investigated.
Probing collective terahertz vibrations of a hydrogen-bonded water network at buried electrochemical interfaces
Authors: Isogai Taichi , Uranagase Masayuki , Motobayashi Kenta , Ogata Shuji , Ikeda Katsuyoshi
Published: May 2023

In a density of states format of the frequency-extended surface-enhanced Raman spectrum, potential-induced variations of the lifetime of hydrogen bonds and their dynamic behavior were observed at aqueous solution/Au interfaces.
A 2D/3D heterojunction engineered for carbon-based hole-transport-layer-free perovskite solar cells
Authors: Wang Yuanjing , Liu Tie , Zhang Jiawei , Liu He , Li Hongfei , Lv Ying , Guo Xiaoyang , Liu Xingyuan , Tu Langping , Chang Yulei , Li Bin
Published: May 2023

A DJ-type 2D perovskite was introduced to regulate the energy level arrangement and improve the stability of the PSCs, and the carbon-based HTL-free PSC device shows a strikingly improved PCE of 15.63% along with excellent long-term stability.
The contribution of binary star formation via core fragmentation on protostellar multiplicity
Authors: Kuruwita Rajika L. , Haugbølle Troels
Published: May 2023

Context. Observations of young multiple star systems find a bimodal distribution in companion frequency and separation. The origin of these peaks has often been attributed to binary formation via core and disc fragmentation. However, theory and simulations suggest that young stellar systems that form via core fragmentation undergo significant orbital evolution.

Aims. We investigate the influence of the environment on the formation and orbital evolution of multiple star systems, and how core fragmentation contributes to the formation of close (20 − 100 AU) binaries. We use multiple simulations of star formation in giant molecular clouds and compare them to the multiplicity statistics of the Perseus star-forming region.

Methods. Simulations were run with the adaptive mesh refinement code RAMSES with sufficient resolution to resolve core fragmentation beyond 400 AU and dynamical evolution down to 16.6 AU, but without the possibility of resolving disc fragmentation. The evolution of the resulting stellar systems was followed over millions of years.

Results. We find that star formation in lower gas density environments is more clustered; however, despite this, the fractions of systems that form via dynamical capture and core fragmentation are broadly consistent at ∼40% and ∼60%, respectively. In all gas density environments, we find that the typical scale at which systems form via core fragmentation is 103 − 3.5 AU. After formation, we find that systems that form via core fragmentation have slightly lower inspiral rates (∼10−1.68 AU yr−1 measured over the first 10 000 yr) compared to dynamical capture (∼10−1.32 AU yr−1). We then compared the simulation with the conditions most similar to the Perseus star-forming region to determine whether the observed bimodal distribution can be replicated. We find that it can be replicated, but it is sensitive to the evolutionary state of the simulation.

Conclusions. Our results indicate that a significant number of low-mass close binaries with separations from 20 − 100 AU can be produced via core fragmentation or dynamical capture due to efficient inspiral, without the need for a further contribution from disc fragmentation.
Detections of 21 cm absorption with a blind FAST survey atz≤ 0.09
Authors: Hu Wenkai , Wang Yougang , Li Yichao , Xu Yidong , Yang Wenxiu , Lagache Guilaine , Pen Ue-Li , Zheng Zheng , Shu Shuanghao , Zheng Yinghui , Li Di , Ching Tao-Chung , Chen Xuelei
Published: May 2023

We present the early science results from a blind search of the extragalactic H I21 cm absorption lines atz ≤ 0.09 with the drift-scan observation of the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST). We carried out the search using the data collected over 643.8 h by the ongoing Commensal Radio Astronomy FasT Survey (CRAFTS), which spans a sky area of 3155 deg2(∼81% of CRAFTS sky coverage up to January 2022) and covers 44827 radio sources with a flux density greater than 12 mJy. Due to the radio frequency interference (RFI), only the relatively clean data in the frequency range of 1.3–1.45 GHz are used in the present work. Under the assumption ofTs/cf = 100 K, the total completeness-corrected comoving absorption path length spanned by our data and sensitive to Damped LymanαAbsorbers (DLAs;NH I⩾ 2 × 1020cm−2) is ΔXinv = 8.33 × 103(Δzinv = 7.81 × 103) for intervening absorption. For associated absorption, the corresponding value is ΔXasc = 1.28 × 101(Δzasc = 1.19 × 101). At each time point of the drift scan, a matched-filtering approach is used to search H Iabsorbers. Combining the information of observation mode and the distribution of the beams that detect the same candidates, spurious absorbers are successfully excluded. Three known H Iabsorbers (UGC 00613, 3C 293, and 4C +27.14) and two new H Iabsorbers (towards the direction of NVSS J231240–052547 and NVSS J053118+315412) are detected blindly. We fitted the H Iprofiles with multi-component Gaussian functions and calculated the redshift (0.063, 0.066), width, flux density, optical depth, and H Icolumn densities for each absorption. Our results demonstrate the power of FAST in blindly searching H Iabsorbers. For absorption towards NVSS J231240–052547, the optical counterparts are faint and currently lack existing spectra. The most likely interpretation is that a radio-loud active galactic nucleus (AGN) is faint in the optical as the background source, with a faint optical absorber in between. NVSS J053118+315412 exhibits an associated absorption with a complex profile, which may suggest unsettled gas structures or gas accretion onto the supermassive black hole (SMBH). The expanding collection of blind radio detections in the ongoing CRAFTS survey offers a valuable opportunity to study AGNs, associated interstellar medium (ISM) interaction, and intervening absorbers optically without overwhelming quasi-stellar object (QSO) background light.
Reconstructing the shock history in the CMZ of NGC 253 with ALCHEMI
Authors: Huang K.-Y. , Viti S. , Holdship J. , Mangum J. G. , Martín S. , Harada N. , Muller S. , Sakamoto K. , Tanaka K. , Yoshimura Y. , Herrero-Illana R. , Meier D. S. , Behrens E. , van der Werf P. P. , Henkel C. , García-Burillo S. , Rivilla V. M. , Emig K. L. , Colzi L. , Humire P. K. , Aladro R. , Bouvier M.
Published: May 2023

Context.HNCO and SiO are well-known shock tracers and have been observed in nearby galaxies, including the nearby (D = 3.5 Mpc) starburst galaxy NGC 253. The simultaneous detection of these two species in regions where the star-formation rate is high may be used to study the shock history of the gas.

Aims.We perform a multi-line molecular study of NGC 253 using the shock tracers SiO and HNCO and aim to characterize its gas properties. We also explore the possibility of reconstructing the shock history in the central molecular zone (CMZ) of the galaxy.

Methods.Six SiO transitions and eleven HNCO transitions were imaged at high resolution 1.″6 (28 pc) with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) as part of the ALCHEMI Large Programme. Both non local thermaldynamic equilibrium (non-LTE) radiative transfer analysis and chemical modeling were performed in order to characterize the gas properties and investigate the chemical origin of the emission.

Results.The nonLTE radiative transfer analysis coupled with Bayesian inference shows clear evidence that the gas traced by SiO has different densities and temperatures than that traced by HNCO, with an indication that shocks are needed to produce both species. Chemical modeling further confirms such a scenario and suggests that fast and slow shocks are responsible for SiO and HNCO production, respectively, in most GMCs. We are also able to infer the physical characteristics of the shocks traced by SiO and HNCO for each GMC.

Conclusions.Radiative transfer and chemical analysis of the SiO and HNCO in the CMZ of NGC 253 reveal a complex picture whereby most of the GMCs are subjected to shocks. We speculate on the possible shock scenarios responsible for the observed emission and provide potential history and timescales for each shock scenario. Observations of higher spatial resolution for these two species are required in order to quantitatively differentiate between the possible scenarios.
The void-galaxy cross-correlation function with massive neutrinos and modified gravity
Authors: Mauland R. , Elgarøy Ø. , Mota D. F. , Winther H. A.
Published: May 2023

Massive neutrinos and f(R)-modified gravity have degenerate observational signatures that can impact the interpretation of results in galaxy survey experiments, such as cosmological parameter estimations and gravity model tests. Because of this, it is important to investigate astrophysical observables that can break these degeneracies. Cosmic voids are sensitive to both massive neutrinos and modifications of gravity and provide a promising ground for disentangling the above-mentioned degeneracies. In order to analyse cosmic voids in the context of non-ΛCDM cosmologies, we must first understand how well the current theoretical framework operates in these settings. We performed a suite of simulations with the RAMSES-based N-body code ANUBISIS, including massive neutrinos and f(R)-modified gravity both individually and simultaneously. The data from the simulations were compared to models of the void velocity profile and the void-halo cross-correlation function (CCF). This was done both with the real space simulation data as model input and by applying a reconstruction method to the redshift space data. In addition, we ran Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) fits on the data sets to assess the capability of the models to reproduce the fiducial simulation values of fσ8(z) and the Alcock-Paczyǹski parameter, ϵ. The void modelling applied performs similarly for all simulated cosmologies, indicating that more accurate models and higher resolution simulations are needed in order to directly observe the effects of massive neutrinos and f(R)-modified gravity through studies of the void-galaxy CCF. The MCMC fits show that the choice for the void definition plays an important role in the recovery of the correct cosmological parameters, but otherwise, there is no clear distinction between the ability to reproduce fσ8 and ϵ for the various simulations.
Implementation of low cost portable ventilator
Authors: Muralidharan S. , Arun S.V. , Raghul I. , Rajkumar A.
Published: May 2023

This paper presents the implementation and prototype of low cost, portable ventilator for patients who are in a no resource places and no primary care environment. This can be achieved by a squeezing the bag valve mask(BVM) inflating and deflating the bag with respect to the servo motor with the help of mechanism. The system contains an assist-control mode are also included in the prototype. Future versions of the device will have a pressure relief valve, PEEP capabilities, and a customizable inspiration to expiration duration ratio. The cost of this prototype is determined very much less than the mass manufacturing units of ventilators. The idea of cam based bag compression is a efficient way to achieve low cost, high efficiency in this work to aid in the crisis conditions to assist the needy people who have suffocation, and using IoT Technology , we can monitor the patient’s healthcare system through the specially made application to apply the required information about the patient’s health state, with the help of this technology, a doctor can monitor the patient’s health and giving treatments according to the information and based on the information, diagnosis will be given to the required patient.