bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enabling Transformative Learning in the Workplace
Authors: Wilhelmson Lena , Åberg Marie Moström , Backström Tomas , Olsson Bengt Köping
Published: March 2015

The aim of this article is to discuss the potential of an educative research intervention to influence the quality of the learning outcome in the workplace as interpreted from the perspectives of adult learning theory. The research project was designed as a quasi-experimental, mixed-methods study. In this article, quantitative survey data were taken as the point of departure, and qualitative data were used for the purpose of analyzing aspects of learning. An educative research intervention may support a transformative learning quality when the manager and employees have to deal with severe difficulties, and they succeed in doing so by sharing responsibilities and having the strength to engage in the development process in the workplace. It is possible to support transformative learning in the workplace through an educative research intervention that encourages managers to educate themselves and their employees to think and act in new ways, aiming at integrated autonomy, increased interaction, and learning.
Legitimization and Delegitimization of Social Hierarchy
Authors: Baryla Wieslaw , Wojciszke Bogdan , Cichocka Aleksandra
Published: March 2015

Although status and wealth are related facets of social stratification, their association is only moderate. In this article, we demonstrate that justification of wealth versus status can be independent processes. To this end, we introduce a novel, nondeclarative measure of system justification. The measure is based on within-individual correlations between the judgments of how a group “is doing” and how it “should be doing.” Two studies demonstrated that the between-group differentiation in terms of material wealth was delegitimized—the more a group was perceived as wealthy, the less it was desired to be wealthy. However, the between-group differentiation in terms of status was generally legitimized—the more a group was perceived as influential, the more it was desired to be influential. We conclude by discussing the role of sociopolitical context in active legitimization and delegitimization of different aspects of the system.
Translation Universals and Polygenesis: Implications for Textual Criticism
Authors: Tully Eric J.
Published: March 2015

As translated texts, the ancient versions of the Hebrew Bible represent a particular challenge in textual criticism. The translator stands as a mediator between the Hebrew source text which is our primary interest and the extant translated text which we have before us. Therefore, before we can use an ancient translation as a witness to the Hebrew text, we must first discern whether a given reading represents its Hebrew source or whether it was created in the translation process. When two translators independently create the same translation shift in the same text segment, this is called “polygenesis.” In this article I argue that the search in Translation Studies for so-called “universals” can inform our understanding and expectation of polygenesis in ancient versions of the Bible.
A Small Translation Mystery
Authors: Clark David J.
Published: March 2015

This brief note investigates different interpretations of the Greek word anepsios in Col 4.10.
Measuring the Adequacy of the Host Text Using Skopostheorie in Bible Translation: The Ethics of Operational Transparency
Authors: Esala Nathan
Published: March 2015

Skopostheorie’s focus on function provides a framework for evaluating translation which is potentially realistic, measurable, and operationally transparent. To realize that potential the translation brief can be critiqued for its principles and methodology, but also the host translation can be measured for its adequacy by comparing the translation decisions in the host text with the instructions in the translation brief. I explore ways to measure translation adequacy within a Skopostheorie framework, using Nord’s definition of translation error and her description of the hierarchy of translation problems (1997). I describe the results of applying measurement tools to the Likɔɔnl translation of the book of Philemon. The tools were designed to identify potential translation errors and grade them based on the hierarchy of importance. The analysis is followed by a preliminary critique of Skopostheorie in relation to translation transparency, translation error, industrial consistency, language status influence on translation methodology, the ethical decision to translate, and postcolonial critiques of Bible translation.
Semester System of Evaluation in the Colleges of Sikkim
Authors: Bhutia Yodida , Subba Nar Maya
Published: March 2015

University and colleges have adopted semester system in undergraduate and postgraduate courses in Sikkim since 2008. Semester system facilitates intense academic period and also prompt evaluation. The system is also very useful to track and maintain an individual performance record of all the students through an intensive interactive process between students and teachers. In semester system, the final results are declared within 20 days of the last day of examinations. Moreover, evaluation pattern includes mid-semester test (weightage 20 per cent); term papers/tutorials, field visit, presentation (weightage 25 per cent) and end semester examination (weightage 50 per cent). Similarly, in the course of 12 months a student is evaluated six times. The university is following a grading system in ten point scale in the evaluation process. Five percentage points are given to class attendance above the minimum 75 per cent mandatory attendance. Thirty per cent of the end-semester scripts are evaluated by the course teacher. If there is a difference of 10–20 per cent in marking by the course teacher and the external evaluator, the marks given by the internal course teacher will be regarded as final. If, however, the difference is more than 20 per cent, the script would be sent to a third external examiner and the marks awarded by him/her would be taken as final. If the difference is found in all the papers/scripts picked up on random basis, all the scripts evaluated by the concerned internal teacher would be sent for re-evaluation. However, the semester system is not free from lacunae. The article focuses on the status of evaluation pattern and its problems in colleges of Sikkim.
The Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib with chemoimmunotherapy in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Brown Jennifer R. , Barrientos Jacqueline C. , Barr Paul M. , Flinn Ian W. , Burger Jan A. , Tran Anh , Clow Fong , James Danelle F. , Graef Thorsten , Friedberg Jonathan W. , Rai Kanti , O’Brien Susan
Published: March 2015

Key Points

Ibrutinib was well tolerated when administered with BR CIT in previously treated chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma. Ibrutinib added to CIT was associated with a high degree of clinical activity that compares favorably to historical reports of CIT alone.
Intriguing photo-control of exchange bias in BiFeO3/La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 thin films on SrTiO3 substrates
Authors: Sung Kil Dong , Lee Tae Kwon , Jung Jong Hoon
Published: March 2015

To date, electric fields have been widely used to control the magnetic properties of BiFeO3-based antiferromagnet/ferromagnet heterostructures through application of an exchange bias. To extend the applicability of exchange bias, however, an alternative mechanism to electric fields is required. Here, we report the photo-control of exchange bias in BiFeO3/La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 thin films on an SrTiO3 substrate. Through an ex situ pulsed laser deposition technique, we successfully synthesized epitaxial BiFeO3/La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 thin films on SrTiO3 substrates. By measuring magnetoresistance under light illumination, we investigated the effect of light illumination on resistance, exchange bias, and coercive field in BiFeO3/La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 thin films. After illumination of red and blue lights, the exchange bias was sharply reduced compared to that measured in the dark. With increasing light intensity, the exchange bias under red and blue lights initially decreased to zero and then appeared again. It is possible to reasonably explain these behaviors by considering photo-injection from SrTiO3 and the photo-conductivity of La2/3Sr1/3MnO3. This study may provide a fundamental understanding of the mechanism underlying photo-controlled exchange bias, which is significant for the development of new functional spintronic devices.
Lectin RCA-I specifically binds to metastasis-associated cell surface glycans in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Zhou Shu-Min , Cheng Li , Guo Shu-Juan , Wang Yang , Czajkowsky Daniel M , Gao Huafang , Hu Xiao-Fang , Tao Sheng-Ce
Published: March 2015

Introduction

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients often face a high risk of early relapse characterized by extensive metastasis. Previous works have shown that aberrant cell surface glycosylation is associated with cancer metastasis, suggesting that altered glycosylations might serve as diagnostic signatures of metastatic potential. To address this question, we took TNBC as an example and analyzed six TNBC cell lines, derived from a common progenitor, that differ in metastatic potential.

Methods

We used a microarray with 91 lectins to screen for altered lectin bindings to the six TNBC cell lines. Candidate lectins were then verified by lectin-based flow cytometry and immunofluorescent staining assays using both TNBC/non-TNBC cancer cells. Patient-derived tissue microarrays were then employed to analyze whether the staining of Ricinus communis agglutinin I (RCA-I), correlated with TNBC severity. We also carried out real-time cell motility assays in the presence of RCA-I. Finally, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/tandem spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was employed to identify the membrane glycoproteins recognized by RCA-I.

Results

Using the lectin microarray, we found that the bindings of RCA-I to TNBC cells are proportional to their metastatic capacity. Tissue microarray experiments showed that the intensity of RCA-I staining is positively correlated with the TNM grades. The real-time cell motility assays clearly demonstrated RCA-I inhibition of adhesion, migration, and invasion of TNBC cells of high metastatic capacity. Additionally, a membrane glycoprotein, POTE ankyrin domain family member F (POTEF), with different galactosylation extents in high/low metastatic TNBC cells was identified by LC-MS/MS as a binder of RCA-I.

Conclusions

We discovered RCA-I, which bound to TNBC cells to a degree that is proportional to their metastatic capacities, and found that this binding inhibits the cell invasion, migration, and adhesion, and identified a membrane protein, POTEF, which may play a key role in mediating these effects. These results thus indicate that RCA-I-specific cell surface glycoproteins may play a critical role in TNBC metastasis and that the extent of RCA-I cell binding could be used in diagnosis to predict the likelihood of developing metastases in TNBC patients.
Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632 promotes the differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into keratinocyte-like cells in xeno-free conditioned medium
Authors: Li Zhenzhen , Han Shichao , Wang Xingqin , Han Fu , Zhu Xiongxiang , Zheng Zhao , Wang Hongtao , Zhou Qin , Wang Yunchuan , Su Linlin , Shi Jihong , Tang Chaowu , Hu Dahai
Published: March 2015

Introduction

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), which have the ability to self-renew and to differentiate into multiple cell types, have recently become a novel strategy for cell-based therapies. The differentiation of BMSCs into keratinocytes may be beneficial for patients with burns, disease, or trauma. However, the currently available cells are exposed to animal materials during their cultivation and induction. These xeno-contaminations severely limit their clinical outcomes. Previous studies have shown that the Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y-27632 can promote induction efficiency and regulate the self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells. In the present study, we attempted to establish a xeno-free system for the differentiation of BMSCs into keratinocytes and to investigate whether Y-27632 can facilitate this differentiation.

Methods

BMSCs isolated from patients were cultured by using a xeno-free system and characterised by using flow cytometric analysis and adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation assays. Human primary keratinocytes were also isolated from patients. Then, the morphology, population doubling time, and β-galactosidase staining level of these cells were evaluated in the presence or absence of Y-27632 to determine the effects of Y-27632 on the state of the keratinocytes. Keratinocyte-like cells (KLCs) were detected at different time points by immunocytofluorescence analysis. Moreover, the efficiency of BMSC differentiation under different conditions was measured by quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot analyses.

Results

The ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 promoted the proliferation and lifespan of human primary keratinocytes. In addition, we showed that keratinocyte-specific markers could be detected in BMSCs cultured in a xeno-free system using keratinocyte-conditioned medium (KCM) independent of the presence of Y-27632. However, the efficiency of the differentiation of BMSCs into KLCs was significantly higher in the presence of Y-27632 using immunofluorescence, quantitative RT-PCR, and Western blot analyses.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that Y-27632 could promote the proliferation and survival of human primary keratinocytes in a xeno-free culture system. In addition, we found that BMSCs have the ability to differentiate into KLCs in KCM and that Y-27632 can facilitate this differentiation. Our results suggest that BMSCs are capable of differentiating into KLCs in vitro and that the ROCK pathway may play a critical role in this process.
Mesenchymal stem cell-derived microparticles ameliorate peritubular capillary rarefaction via inhibition of endothelial-mesenchymal transition and decrease tubulointerstitial fibrosis in unilateral ureteral obstruction
Authors: Choi Hoon Young , Lee Hyun Gyu , Kim Beom Seok , Ahn Sun Hee , Jung Ara , Lee Mirae , Lee Jung Eun , Kim Hyung Jong , Ha Sung Kyu , Park Hyeong Cheon
Published: March 2015

Introduction

Microparticles (MPs) derived from kidney-derived mesenchymal stem cells (KMSCs) have recently been reported to ameliorate rarefaction of peritubular capillaries (PTC) in ischemic kidneys via delivery of proangiogenic effectors. This study aimed to investigate whether KMSC-derived MPs show anti-fibrotic effects by ameliorating endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in vitro and by preserving PTC in kidneys with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in vivo.

Methods

MPs isolated from the supernatants of KMSC were co-cultured with HUVEC to assess their in vitro biologic effects on endothelial cells. Mice were treated with MPs via the tail vein after UUO injury to assess their anti-fibrotic and PTC sparing effects. Renal tubulointerstitial damage and inflammatory cell infiltration were examined with Masson’s trichrome, F4/80 and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) staining and PTC rarefaction index was determined by CD31 staining.

Results

KMSC-derived MPs significantly ameliorated EndoMT and improved in vitro proliferation of TGF-β1 treated HUVEC. In vivo administration of KMSC-derived MPs significantly inhibited EndoMT of PTC endothelial cells and improved PTC rarefaction in UUO kidneys. Furthermore, administration of KMSC-derived MPs inhibited inflammatory cell infiltration as well as tubulointerstitial fibrosis in UUO mice as demonstrated by decreased F4/80 and α-SMA-positive cells and Masson’s trichrome staining, respectively.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that KMSC-derived MPs ameliorate PTC rarefaction via inhibition of EndoMT and protect against progression of renal damage by inhibiting tubulointerstitial fibrosis.
Jagged-1 is required for the expansion of CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ regulatory T cells and tolerogenic dendritic cells by murine mesenchymal stromal cells
Authors: Cahill Emer F , Tobin Laura M , Carty Fiona , Mahon Bernard P , English Karen
Published: March 2015

Introduction

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have well defined immunomodulatory properties including the suppression of lymphocyte proliferation and inhibition of dendritic cell (DC) maturation involving both cell contact and soluble factors. These properties have made MSC attractive candidates for cellular therapy. However, the mechanism underlying these characteristics remains unclear. This study sought to investigate the mechanisms by which MSC induce a regulatory environment.

Method

Allogeneic bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells were cultured with T cells or dendritic cells in the presence or absence of gamma secretase inhibitor to block Notch receptor signalling. T cells and dendritic cells were examined by flow cytometry for changes in phenotype marker expression. Stable knock down MSC were generated to examine the influence of Jagged 1 signalling by MSC. Both wildtype and knockdown MSC were subsequently used in vivo in an animal model of allergic airway inflammation.

Results

The Notch ligand Jagged-1 was demonstrated to be involved in MSC expansion of regulatory T cells (Treg). Additionally, MSC-induced a functional semi-mature DC phenotype, which further required Notch signalling for the expansion of Treg. MSC, but not Jagged-1 knock down MSC, reduced pathology in a mouse model of allergic airway inflammation. Protection mediated by MSC was associated with enhanced Treg in the lung and significantly increased production of interleukin (IL)-10 in splenocytes re-stimulated with allergen. Significantly less Treg and IL-10 was observed in mice treated with Jagged-1 knock down MSC.

Conclusions

The current study suggests that MSC-mediated immune modulation involves the education and expansion of regulatory immune cells in a Jagged-1 dependent manner and provides the first report of the importance of Jagged-1 signalling in MSC protection against inflammation in vivo.
eTOXlab, an open source modeling framework for implementing predictive models in production environments
Authors: Carrió Pau , López Oriol , Sanz Ferran , Pastor Manuel
Published: March 2015

Background

Computational models based in Quantitative-Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR) methodologies are widely used tools for predicting the biological properties of new compounds. In many instances, such models are used as a routine in the industry (e.g. food, cosmetic or pharmaceutical industry) for the early assessment of the biological properties of new compounds. However, most of the tools currently available for developing QSAR models are not well suited for supporting the whole QSAR model life cycle in production environments.

Results

We have developed eTOXlab; an open source modeling framework designed to be used at the core of a self-contained virtual machine that can be easily deployed in production environments, providing predictions as web services. eTOXlab consists on a collection of object-oriented Python modules with methods mapping common tasks of standard modeling workflows. This framework allows building and validating QSAR models as well as predicting the properties of new compounds using either a command line interface or a graphic user interface (GUI). Simple models can be easily generated by setting a few parameters, while more complex models can be implemented by overriding pieces of the original source code. eTOXlab benefits from the object-oriented capabilities of Python for providing high flexibility: any model implemented using eTOXlab inherits the features implemented in the parent model, like common tools and services or the automatic exposure of the models as prediction web services. The particular eTOXlab architecture as a self-contained, portable prediction engine allows building models with confidential information within corporate facilities, which can be safely exported and used for prediction without disclosing the structures of the training series.

Conclusions

The software presented here provides full support to the specific needs of users that want to develop, use and maintain predictive models in corporate environments. The technologies used by eTOXlab (web services, VM, object-oriented programming) provide an elegant solution to common practical issues; the system can be installed easily in heterogeneous environments and integrates well with other software. Moreover, the system provides a simple and safe solution for building models with confidential structures that can be shared without disclosing sensitive information.
IGF2BP1 Harbors Prognostic Significance by Gene Gain and Diverse Expression in Neuroblastoma
Authors: Bell Jessica L. , Turlapati Raseswari , Liu Tao , Schulte Johannes H. , Hüttelmaier Stefan
Published: March 2015

Purpose

Chromosomal 17q21-ter gain in neuroblastoma is both a common and prognostically significant event. The insulin-like growth factor-2 mRNA-binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1) gene is located near the proximal edge of this region. Here, its prognostic value is evaluated in neuroblastoma.

Methods

The mRNA expression of IGF2BP family members was first evaluated by microarray data sets. In addition, in a separate cohort of 69 tumors, IGF2BP1 gene copy number, mRNA, and protein abundance were determined and compared with clinical parameters.

Results

In two independent microarray data sets, 77% to 100% of tumors had substantial IGF2BP1 mRNA levels measured. High IGF2BP1 transcript abundance was significantly associated with stage 4 tumors (P < .001) and decreased patient survival (P < .001). IGF2BP1 was also associated with MYCN gene amplification and MYCN mRNA abundance. In the 69 neuroblastoma samples, IGF2BP1 DNA copy number (increased in 84% of tumors), mRNA, and protein abundance were significantly higher in stage 4 compared with stage 1 tumors. Importantly, IGF2BP1 protein levels were associated with lower overall patient survival (P = .012) and positively correlated with MYCN mRNA, even when excluding MYCN-amplified tumors. Moreover, IGF2BP1 clearly affected MYCN expression and neuroblastoma cell survival in vitro.

Conclusion

In neuroblastoma, IGF2BP1 was expressed in the majority of neuroblastoma specimens analyzed and was associated with lower overall patient survival and MYCN abundance. These data demonstrate that IGF2BP1 is a potential oncogene and an independent negative prognostic factor in neuroblastoma.
Transcriptional and Metabolic Effects of Glucocorticoid Receptor α and β Signaling in Zebrafish
Authors: Chatzopoulou Antonia , Roy Upasana , Meijer Annemarie H. , Alia A. , Spaink Herman P. , Schaaf Marcel J. M.
Published: March 2015

In humans and zebrafish, 2 glucocorticoid (GC) receptor (GR) splice variants exist: the canonical GR α-isoform (GRα), and the GRβ. In the present study, we have used the zebrafish model system in order to reveal genes affected by each of these 2 receptor isoforms. By injecting zebrafish embryos with different splice-blocking morpholinos, we could knock down both GR isoforms or could target the alternative splicing of the GR pre-mRNA in favor of the GRβ. In addition, specific GRβ overexpression was achieved by injecting mRNA. Embryos were treated with the synthetic GC dexamethasone, and transcriptome analysis was performed. Two distinct gene clusters were found that were regulated by GRα: one that was regulated by GRα under basal conditions (presence of endogenous cortisol only), and one that was regulated upon increased activation of GRα (using a pharmacological dose of dexamathasone). GRβ may act as a dominant-negative inhibitor of GRα when GRβ is overexpressed and the GRα expression level is knocked down simultaneously. However, without GRα knockdown, no evidence for this activity was found. In addition, the data indicate regulation of gene transcription through other mechanisms of action by GRβ. We also investigated the concentrations of several metabolites using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We found that dexamethasone treatment and knockdown of GRα together with overexpression of GRβ had opposite effects on glucose, amino acid, and fatty acid levels. Thus, we have shed new light on the molecular mechanisms of GC-induced effects on metabolism, which are known to increase the risk of obesity, hyperglycemia, and diabetes.
Mammary gland development: cell fate specification, stem cells and the microenvironment
Authors: Inman Jamie L. , Robertson Claire , Mott Joni D. , Bissell Mina J.
Published: March 2015

The development of the mammary gland is unique: the final stages of development occur postnatally at puberty under the influence of hormonal cues. Furthermore, during the life of the female, the mammary gland can undergo many rounds of expansion and proliferation. The mammary gland thus provides an excellent model for studying the ‘stem/progenitor’ cells that allow this repeated expansion and renewal. In this Review, we provide an overview of the different cell types that constitute the mammary gland, and discuss how these cell types arise and differentiate. As cellular differentiation cannot occur without proper signals, we also describe how the tissue microenvironment influences mammary gland development.
Skeletal stem cells
Authors: Bianco Paolo , Robey Pamela G.
Published: March 2015

Skeletal stem cells (SSCs) reside in the postnatal bone marrow and give rise to cartilage, bone, hematopoiesis-supportive stroma and marrow adipocytes in defined in vivo assays. These lineages emerge in a specific sequence during embryonic development and post natal growth, and together comprise a continuous anatomical system, the bone-bone marrow organ. SSCs conjoin skeletal and hematopoietic physiology, and are a tool for understanding and ameliorating skeletal and hematopoietic disorders. Here and in the accompanying poster, we concisely discuss the biology of SSCs in the context of the development and postnatal physiology of skeletal lineages, to which their use in medicine must remain anchored.
Russian market of rural tourism: current status, factors of sustainable development, management features
Authors: Рассохина Татьяна , Rassokhina Tatyana , Минаев Владимир , Minaev Vladimir , Сеселкин Алексей , Seselkin Aleksey
Published: March 2015

The article deals with rural tourism as a rapidly growing sector of the tourism industry associated with the use for marketing purposes natural, cultural, historical, ethnographic and other resources in rural areas and their specific features for the creation and implementation of an integrated tourism product that reflects the image of the rural way of life and rural culture and customs, traditional rural labor. The article highlights the main problems impeding the development of rural tourism market, reveals the leading trends and factors associated with it. The authors analyze the main reasons that slow down the development of rural tourism in Russia. Based on a market research of the consumer market of Moscow identified are the basic needs of tourists in the market for rural tourism. Highlighted are the features of the market development of rural tourism in regions, in particular related to the network-centric model where the most important focus is placed for rural destinations. The authors draw attention to the role of tourism in sustainable development of rural settlements. Discussed arelegal and regulatory frameworks, incentive programs for rural tourism market. Highlighted are the priority factors for rural tourism development in regions of the Russian Federation: the legal framework of rural tourism development; support for small and medium-sized enterprises in the field of rural tourism; a network-centric unified regional marketing strategy to promote rural tourism products; formation and promotion of rural tourism products; the involvement of the population in the movement for healthy lifestyle; training for rural tourism; skills of the rural population in the field of tourism services.
Assessment of sustainable innovative regional development
Authors: Швец Юрий , Shvets Yuriy , Швец Ирина , Shvets Irina , Чиж-Гвязда Эва , Chizh-Gvyazda Eva
Published: March 2015

Sustainable development is one of the main paradigms of contemporary society´s development. Important and yet not sufficiently developed is the creation of systems for the assessment of sustainable development indicators adapted to national environmental priorities, national and regional environmental, economic and social policies; evaluation of environmental impacts of productive systems throughout the life cycle of man and environment; the use of metrics for sustainable development in the limited local area (enterprise, city, region, etc.). Today, ithas become apparentthatmanagement system atthe national and locallevels should include the use of a set of indicators that cover all dimensions of sustainable development of the regions: the social, economic and environmental. However, the analysis conducted and based on such indicators as the integral index of sustainable development will make it possible for managers at various levels of government to find out the strengths and weaknesses of modern domestic regional policy, and to identify priority areas for their future endeavors. The article presents the results of the study that allow us to speak about the need for a differentiated approach to regional development and a unified state strategy based on the conceptual principles of sustainable development. Evaluation of sustainable development is based on an analysis of several areas of economic sustainability of socio-economic systems: economic, environmental and social. Evaluation of economic, environmental and social areas requires the use of specific indicators. The integrated assessment indicator of sustainable development of the region in the use in administrative activities is the best. It is effective to assess the current situation and forecast trends in the development, and this indicator characterizes the degree of stability of the system and the balance of its development. Integral indicators of innovative development can intensify the processes of comparative analysis of the dynamics of economic systems in the region, and they are universal indicators of balanced growth for the most important aspects of socio-economic system.
Creating artificial motivation for forming client flows in tourism regions Actual issues of professional training in tourism and service in Russia and abroad
Authors: Агамирова Екатерина , Agamirova Ekaterina , Агамирова Елизавета , Agamirova Elizaveta
Published: March 2015

The article summarizes the experience of technology to create artificial motivations for the formation of client flows in the context of solving problems: 1) the development of areas with a weak tourism and recreational potential; 2) extending the life cycle of tourist products; 3) management of client flows. In this paper the concept of artificial motivation is examined in three aspects: from the point of view of psychology, economics and marketing. In particular, the marketing aspects of the concept of artificial motivation are considered in the context of the region´s attractiveness as a tourist destination. As the main purposes of marketing highlighted are formation, maintenance or alteration of customer behavior in relation to a particular locality, region or country as a whole. Territory in which distribution occurs is treated as a set of opportunities for implementation of the different needs of tourists. If the tourist-recreational opportunities (resources) of the territory are limited, great importance is placed on artificial creation of motives for travelling.

The article focuses on the description of the main approaches to the creation of artificial motivation at different stages of the life cycle of tourist products; examined are the key factors for creating an artificial incentive to intensify visits to tourist areas; highlighted are the psychological mechanisms of motivation formation, as well as major stimulants, such as: fashion, prestige, imitation authoritative personalities, creating a legend. The study highlights two main ways of solving the problem of formation of artificial motivations: first, due to the existence of unconscious needs and / or the lack of motive on the part of potential consumers of travel services; the second is related to the perceived needs and

motivation of the consumer directed at another tourist attraction. The study describes in detail different possibilities of creating artificial motivations at different stages of the life cycle of the tourist product. The article cites numerous examples of artificial motivation in tourism.
A Methodology Based on Evolutionary Algorithms to Solve a Dynamic Pickup and Delivery Problem Under a Hybrid Predictive Control Approach
Authors: Muñoz-Carpintero Diego , Sáez Doris , Cortés Cristián E. , Núñez Alfredo
Published: March 2015

This paper presents a methodology based on generic evolutionary algorithms to solve a dynamic pickup and delivery problem formulated under a hybrid predictive control approach. The solution scheme is designed to support the dispatcher of a dial-a-ride service, where quick and efficient real-time solutions are needed. The scheme considers different configurations of particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithms within a proposed ad-hoc methodology to solve in real time the nonlinear mixed-integer optimization problem related with the hybrid predictive control approach. These consist of different techniques to handle the operational constraints (penalization, Baldwinian, and Lamarckian repair) and encodings (continuous and integer). For parameter tuning, a new approach based on multiobjective optimization is proposed and used to select and study some of the evolutionary algorithms. The multiobjective feature arises when deciding the parameters with the best trade-off between performance and computational effort. Simulation results are presented to compare the different schemes proposed and to advise conditions for the application of the method in real instances.
Snowpack-atmosphere gas exchanges of carbon dioxide, ozone, and nitrogen oxides at a hardwood forest site in northern Michigan
Authors: Seok Brian , Helmig Detlev , Liptzin Daniel , Williams Mark W. , Vogel Christoph S.
Published: March 2015

Snowpack-atmosphere gas exchanges of CO2, O3, and NOx (NO + NO2) were investigated at the University of Michigan Biological Station (UMBS), a mid-latitude, low elevation hardwood forest site, during the 2007–2008 winter season. An automated trace gas sampling system was used to determine trace gas concentrations in the snowpack at multiple depths continuously throughout the snow-covered period from two adjacent plots. One natural plot and one with the soil covered by a Tedlar sheet were setup for investigating whether the primary source of measured trace gases was biogenic (i.e., from the soil) or non-biogenic (i.e., from the snowpack). The results were compared with the “White on Green” study conducted at the Niwot Ridge (NWT) Long Term Ecological Research site in Colorado. The average winter CO2 flux ± s.e. from the soil at UMBS was 0.54 ± 0.037 µmol m-2 s-1 using the gradient diffusion method and 0.71 ± 0.012 µmol m-2 s-1 using the eddy covariance method, and in a similar range as found for NWT. Observed snowpack-O3 exchange was also similar to NWT. However, nitrogen oxides (NOx) fluxes from snow at UMBS were 10 times smaller than those at NWT, and fluxes were bi-directional with the direction of the flux dependent on NOx concentrations in ambient air. The compensation point for the change in the direction of NOx flux was estimated to be 0.92 nmol mol-1. NOx in snow also showed diurnal dependency on incident radiation. These NOx dynamics in the snow at UMBS were notably different compared to NWT, and primarily determined by snow-atmosphere interactions rather than by soil NOx emissions.
Making the complexity of community nursing visible: the Cassandra project
Authors: Jackson Carolyn , Leadbetter Tricia , Martin Anne , Wright Toni , Manley Kim
Published: March 2015

The need to effectively promote safe staffing levels in community settings challenges commissioners and providers of services to find rigorous methods of capturing workforce evidence that can be systematically used to shape effective services and skill mix for the future. This article presents a brief review of current approaches and challenges to measuring community nursing workload activity in England. Specifically, it shows phase 1 pilot results using the Cassandra Matrix activity tool and review of ongoing developments and progress to demonstrate scalability for national implementation. As part of a much larger practice development project to develop community nursing, the pilot used mixed methods to collect 10 days of workload activity data from a self-selected sample of band 5–7 nurses working in general and specialist community nursing roles in three community organisations, and to evaluate their experiences of using the tool via an electronic survey. The findings indicate that the tool has significant potential for capturing the complexity and multiple dimensions of nursing work in community contexts, and phase 2 work has led to a community version of the tool being piloted on a larger scale across six community organisations.
Managing scarlet fever in children
Authors: Duncan Deborah
Published: March 2015

Scarlet fever is a notifiable disease in the UK. Deborah Duncan provides an overview of the signs, symptoms and management of the disease
Preventing vitamin D deficiency in children
Authors: Kaur Sahota Jaskiran , Shaw Nicholas
Published: March 2015

In the UK, vitamin D deficiency in children is recognized as a growing problem. There is a clear need for practice nurses to focus on prevention strategies to reduce the number of children presenting with vitamin D deficiency
Understanding an isolated raised serum ALP level
Authors: Thomas Susan
Published: March 2015

Susan Thomas explains how to proceed when dealing with an asymptomatic patient with a raised serum alkaline phosphatase level
New pharmacological approaches to diabetes management
Authors: Eyadeh Abdallah Al , Jennings Paul E
Published: March 2015

Type 2 diabetes often requires a pharmacological treatment approach if lifestyle modification alone fails. Abdallah Al Eyadeh and Paul E Jennings provide an overview of new approaches for treatment
차세대 보완대체의사소통(AAC) 디바이스로서의 Optical Head Mounted Display의 활용 가능성 탐색
Authors: Choi Chang Hoon , So Hyo-Jeong , Kim Chul Hong ,   Korean Society of Augmentative and Alternative Communication
Published: March 2015

In this study, we propose a wearable device such as an optical head-mounted display (OHMD) system as a promising technological solution as the next generation device for augmentative and alternative communication (AAC), which is affordable and easily customizable. This paper presents the development, implementation and evaluation of our proposed OHMD system in a two-phased study. In Phase I, we focused on developing a prototype of the law-cost OHMD system using an opensource eye-tracking software platform called EyeCan. Then, we interviewed three experts to gather opinions about the potential of the OHMD system in AAC. In Phase II, we improved technical functionalities of the OHMD system developed in Phase I, and conducted a usability study with ten participants to verify the accuracy and usefulness of our proposed OHMD system. Overall, this study demonstrates the feasibility of rapid development of a low-cost eye-tracking system for AAC users. In conclusion, our proposed OHMD system can be potentially applied in AAC, and we call for more research into integrating recent advances in emerging technologies to develop affordable, user-friendly, and personalized AAC systems.
Uniform bounds of minimizers of non-smooth constrained functionals on maps spaces
Authors: Ceccon Jurandir , Montenegro Marcos
Published: March 2015

We consider the functional Φ(u) = ∫Ω |∇u|2
d
x - ∫Ω
G(u)d
x
constrained to the set EF
=
{u ∈ W
0
1,2(Ω,ℝ
k
) : ∫Ω
F(u)d
x = 1},
where Ω is a bounded open subset of
ℝ
n
and F,G : ℝ
k
→ ℝ are continuous functions satisfying certain homogeneity conditions. We investigate the L
∞ regularity of minimizers of
Φ in EF
. Moreover, we establish uniform L
∞ bounds for such
minimizers as well as concentration results on Ω̅. In the latter case, we prove that, up to
dilations and translations, minimizers behave in a certain sense
like a special type of vector bubble. The central difficulty in this
study is the fact that the minimizers of Φ do not have an
Euler–Lagrange equation associated.
Gaussian ℬ𝒱 capacity
Authors: Xiao Jie
Published: March 2015

In this paper, Gaussian ℬ𝒱 capacity is introduced, developed, and subsequently applied to the trace theory of Gaussian BV-space.
The Impact of Immigration on Native Wages and Employment
Authors: Edo Anthony
Published: March 2015

This paper investigates the immigration impact on native outcomes using microlevel data for France. I find that immigration does not affect the wages of competing natives, but induces adverse employment effects. This finding is consistent with a wage structure that is rigid in France. The quality of the data allows to dig more deeply into the interpretation of the immigration impact. First, I show that immigrants displace native workers because they are more willing to work at lower wages due to lower outside options. Second, I find that natives on short-term contracts, who are less subject to wage rigidities, do experience wage losses due to immigration.
Racial Discrimination in the Labor Market for Recent College Graduates: Evidence from a Field Experiment
Authors: Nunley John M. , Pugh Adam , Romero Nicholas , Seals R. Alan
Published: March 2015

We present experimental evidence from a correspondence test of racial discrimination in the labor market for recent college graduates. We find strong evidence of differential treatment by race: black applicants receive approximately 14% fewer interview requests than their otherwise identical white counterparts. The racial gap in employment opportunities is larger when comparisons are made between job seekers with credentials that proxy for expected productivity and/or match quality. Moreover, the racial discrimination detected is driven by greater discrimination in jobs that require customer interaction. Various tests for the type of discrimination tend to support taste-based discrimination, but we are unable to rule out risk aversion on the part of employers as a possible explanation.
A Reliable Residual Based A Posteriori Error Estimator for a Quadratic Finite Element Method for the Elliptic Obstacle Problem
Authors: Gudi Thirupathi , Porwal Kamana
Published: March 2015

A residual based a posteriori error estimator is derived for
a quadratic finite element method (FEM) for the elliptic obstacle
problem. The error estimator involves various residuals consisting
of the data of the problem, discrete solution and a Lagrange
multiplier related to the obstacle constraint. The choice of the
discrete Lagrange multiplier yields an error estimator that is
comparable with the error estimator in the case of linear FEM.
Further, an a priori error estimate is derived to show that
the discrete Lagrange multiplier converges at the same rate as
that of the discrete solution of the obstacle problem. The
numerical experiments of adaptive FEM show optimal order
convergence. This demonstrates that the quadratic FEM for obstacle
problem exhibits optimal performance.
On deformations of ℚ-Fano threefolds II
Authors: Sano Taro
Published: March 2015

We investigate some coboundary map associated to a 3-fold terminal singularity which is important in the study of
deformations of singular 3-folds.
We prove that this map vanishes only for quotient singularities and
an

A

1
,
2

/
4

{A_{1,2}/4}

-singularity, that is, a terminal singularity analytically isomorphic to
a

ℤ
4

{\mathbb{Z}_{4}}

-quotient of the singularity

(

x
2

+

y
2

+

z
3

+

u
2

=
0

)

{(x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{3}+u^{2}=0)}

.

As an application, we prove that a

ℚ

{\mathbb{Q}}

-Fano 3-fold with terminal singularities can be deformed to one
with only quotient singularities and

A

1
,
2

/
4

{A_{1,2}/4}

-singularities.
We also treat the

ℚ

{\mathbb{Q}}

-smoothability problem on

ℚ

{\mathbb{Q}}

-Calabi–Yau 3-folds.
Properties of 0.96(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3-(0.04-x)BaTiO3-xLiNbO3 Lead-Free Piezoceramics Near Morphotropic Phase Boundary
Authors: Zhang Ya-Ting , Yang Ying , Wang Yi-Ping , Chen Jing
Published: March 2015

The structure, dielectric and piezoelectric properties of 0.96(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3-(0.04-x)BaTiO3-xLiNbO3 (x = 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04) ceramics were investigated by a conventional solid-state reaction method. All compositions show a single perovskite structure without any second phases. It was ascertained that the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) of ferroelectric rhombohedral and relaxor tetragonal lies in the range of 0.02 ≤ x ≤ 0.04 at room temperature. As a result, the MPB compositions show improved properties; the saturated polarization, remnant polarization and coercive field are 43.7 μC/cm2, 38.7 μC/cm2 and 48.7 kV/cm for x = 0.02 and 43 μC/cm2, 37.9 μC/cm2 and 47 kV/cm for x = 0.03, respectively. The maximum of piezoelectric constant d
33 (124pC/N) was obtained for the ceramic with x = 0.03, which was located at the MPB region. Our results do not only supplement for BNT-based lead-free piezoelectric ceramics but also provide a way to develop new high-performance Pb-free piezoceramics.
Finite-Element Simulations of a Thermoelectric Generator and Their Experimental Validation
Authors: Geppert B. , Groeneveld D. , Loboda V. , Korotkov A. , Feldhoff A.
Published: March 2015

A versatile finite-element simulation tool was developed to predict the electric power output, the distributions of the electric and entropy potentials (i.e., the absolute temperature) and the local flux densities of electric charge and thermal energy (i.e., heat) for a thermoelectric generator. The input parameters are the thermogenerator architecture (i.e., geometries of different components and number of legs) and material properties such as specific electric conductivity, Seebeck coefficient and thermal conductivity. The finite-element simulation tool was validated by modeling a commercially available thermoelectric generator, which was based on semiconducting n- and p-type Bi2–xSbxTe3with ceramic cover plates, and comparing the modeled voltage–current characteristics and power characteristics with experimental values for different temperature conditions. The geometric parameters could easily be determined from photomicrography and cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy observations. The electric conductivity and Seebeck coefficient were measured, as functions of temperature, from the integer module as leg-averaged values. The thermal conductivity was taken from literature data, which required estimating the compositions of components using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy in the scanning electron microscope and their crystal structures using X-ray diffraction. Good agreement was found between the simulated and measured voltage–current and power–current characteristics. The finite-element simulation tool is versatile because it uses a script-based approach, which allows easy parameter changes and allows it to be adapted to thermogenerators consisting of different geometries and materials, including novel materials.