bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new triazolothiadiazine derivative inhibits stemness and induces cell death in HCC by oxidative stress dependent JNK pathway activation
Authors: Kahraman Deniz Cansen , Bilget Guven Ebru , Aytac Peri S. , Aykut Gamze , Tozkoparan Birsen , Cetin Atalay Rengul
Published: September 2022

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly heterogeneous cancer, and resistant to both conventional and targeted chemotherapy. Recently, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been shown to decrease the incidence and mortality of different types of cancers. Here, we investigated the cellular bioactivities of a series of triazolothiadiazine derivatives on HCC, which have been previously reported as potent analgesic/anti-inflammatory compounds. From the initially tested 32 triazolothiadiazine NSAID derivatives, 3 compounds were selected based on their IC50 values for further molecular assays on 9 different HCC cell lines. 7b, which was the most potent compound, induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HCC cells. Cell death was due to oxidative stress-induced JNK protein activation, which involved the dynamic involvement of ASK1, MKK7, and c-Jun proteins. Moreover, 7b treated nude mice had a significantly decreased tumor volume and prolonged disease-free survival. 7b also inhibited the migration of HCC cells and enrichment of liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) alone or in combination with sorafenib. With its ability to act on proliferation, stemness and the migration of HCC cells, 7b can be considered for the therapeutics of HCC, which has an increased incidence rate of ~ 3% annually.
Validation of an overnight wireless high-resolution oximeter for the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea at home
Authors: Hasan Rosa , Genta Pedro Rodrigues , Pinheiro George do Lago , Garcia Michelle Louvaes , Scudeller Paula Gobi , de Carvalho Carlos Roberto Ribeiro , Lorenzi-Filho Geraldo
Published: September 2022

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is extremely common and has several consequences. However, most cases remain undiagnosed. One limitation is the lack of simple and validated methods for OSA diagnosis at home. The aim of this study was to validate a wireless high-resolution oximeter with a built-in accelerometer linked to a smartphone with automated cloud analysis (Biologix) that was compared with a home sleep test (HST, Apnea Link Air) performed on the same night. We recruited 670 patients out of a task force of 1013 patients with suspected OSA who were referred to our center for diagnosis. The final sample consisted of 478 patients (mean age: 56.7 ± 13.1 years, mean body mass index: 31.9 ± 6.3 kg/m2). To estimate the night-to-night OSA severity variability, 62 patients underwent HST for two consecutive nights. The HST-apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) and the Biologix-oxygen desaturation index (ODI) was 25.0 ± 25.0 events/h and 24.9 ± 26.5 events/h, respectively. The area under the curve—sensibility/specificity to detect at least mild (HST-AHI > 5), moderate-to-severe (HST-AHI > 15), and severe OSA (HST-AHI > 30) were (0.983)—94.7/92.8, (0.986)—94.8/93.9, and (0.990)—95.8/94.3, respectively. The limits of agreement originating from the Bland–Altman plot and the correlation between HST-AHI and Biologix-ODI were lower than the night-to-night HST-AHI variability (25.5 and 34.5 events/h, respectively, p = 0.001). We conclude that Biologix is a simple and reliable technique for OSA diagnosis at home.
The micronutrient content in underutilized crops: the Lupinus mutabilis sweet case
Authors: Vera-Vega Miguel , Jimenez-Davalos Jorge , Zolla Gaston
Published: September 2022

Adequate intake of micronutrients is necessary to reduce widespread health issues linked to low intake of iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), boron (B), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn). Because more than two billion people suffer from micronutrient deficiency globally, to address this problem, highly-nutritious ancestral Peruvian crops like tarwi can be an important component of food security. Thus, our work explores the tarwi micronutrient variability to select biofortified genotypes without affecting seed size and weight. Tarwi is a biofortified food because of its seeds' Fe, Zn, and B content. Furthermore, Boron showed a positive correlation between seed size and weight. At the same time, copper showed a negative correlation. Finally, six accessions (P14, P16, P21, T05, T08, and T25) that are biofortified for Fe, Zn, and B with excellent seed size and weight and with adequate levels of Cu and Mn; adding value to Peruvian biodiversity at a low cost is a starting point for a breeding program to prevent micronutrient disorders.
Effects of mRNA expression of five Notch ligands on prognosis of gastric carcinoma
Authors: Li Yunlong , Xie Fengni , Zhang Huimin , Wu Xiao , Ji Gang , Li Jipeng , Hong Liu
Published: September 2022

Notch ligands are expression changes in a great many malignancies including gastric cancer (GC) frequently. The prognostic value of each Notch ligands in GC patients remains lack of large sample data results. In present research, we researched the prognostic value of Notch ligands in GC patients in order to fill the shortage areas. We used an online database (http://kmplot.com/analysis/index.php?p=service&cancer=gastric) to identify the relationship between mRNA expression of each Notch ligand and overall survival (OS) in GC. We analyze the relevance of overall survival and clinical data which includes gender, Lauren's classification, differentiation, clinical stage and treatment. The study found that high DLL1, DLL3, DLL4 and JAG2 mRNA expression were tied to worse OS in all GC patients followed up for 10 years. There is no significant relevance to the expression of JAG1 mRNA and OS in patients with GC. We also did a survey of each Notch ligands in different clinical and pathological features present different prognosis. The information will help to better understand the biology of gastric cancer heterogeneity, provide more accurate prognostic evaluation tools and provide new targets for targeted drug development besides.
Impact of the antimicrobial stewardship program on hospital-acquired candidemia
Authors: Hadano Yoshiro , Suyama Asuka , Miura Ayako , Fujii Shigeo , Suzuki Yoshiko , Tomoda Yoshitaka , Awaya Yukikazu
Published: September 2022

Antibiotic stewardship programs reduce antibiotic use without negative clinical outcomes. However, epidemiological data describing the relationship between implementing antimicrobial stewardship and candidemia incidence are scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of antibiotic stewardship on the incidence of hospital acquired candidemia. We conducted a retrospective study from April 2017 to September 2020. We reviewed patients that were treated with three broad-spectrum antipseudomonal agents: carbapenem, tazobactam/piperacillin, and cefepime. Monthly aggregated hospital antimicrobial consumption was measured as days of therapy (DOTs) per 1000 patient-days, and the monthly incidence of hospital acquired candidemia was recorded. The median monthly carbapenem-DOTs during pre-intervention and intervention were 28.4 and 10.0, respectively. Time-series analysis showed significant level changes after intervention: − 10.0 DOTs (p = 0.02). There was a downward trend in the monthly carbapenem-DOTs after intervention. The median hospital-acquired candidemia incidence was 0.17 and 0.08 per 1000 patient-days during pre-intervention and intervention periods, respectively. Time-series analysis showed a significant level change after intervention (− 0.16 per 1000 patient-days; p = 0.048). The trend in the incidence of hospital-acquired candidemia did not significantly change between pre-intervention and intervention. Decreased broad-spectrum antibiotic use (particularly carbapenem) by our antimicrobial stewardship term may reduce hospital-acquired candidemia incidences.
Resting-state BOLD temporal variability in sensorimotor and salience networks underlies trait emotional intelligence and explains differences in emotion regulation strategies
Authors: Zanella Federico , Monachesi Bianca , Grecucci Alessandro
Published: September 2022

A converging body of behavioural findings supports the hypothesis that the dispositional use of emotion regulation (ER) strategies depends on trait emotional intelligence (trait EI) levels. Unfortunately, neuroscientific investigations of such relationship are missing. To fill this gap, we analysed trait measures and resting state data from 79 healthy participants to investigate whether trait EI and ER processes are associated to similar neural circuits. An unsupervised machine learning approach (independent component analysis) was used to decompose resting-sate functional networks and to assess whether they predict trait EI and specific ER strategies. Individual differences results showed that high trait EI significantly predicts and negatively correlates with the frequency of use of typical dysfunctional ER strategies. Crucially, we observed that an increased BOLD temporal variability within sensorimotor and salience networks was associated with both high trait EI and the frequency of use of cognitive reappraisal. By contrast, a decreased variability in salience network was associated with the use of suppression. These findings support the tight connection between trait EI and individual tendency to use functional ER strategies, and provide the first evidence that modulations of BOLD temporal variability in specific brain networks may be pivotal in explaining this relationship.
Development of high-performance nickel-based catalysts for production of hydrogen and carbon nanotubes from biogas
Authors: Saconsint Supanida , Sae-tang Nonthicha , Srifa Atthapon , Koo-Amornpattana Wanida , Assabumrungrat Suttichai , Fukuhara Choji , Ratchahat Sakhon
Published: September 2022

Selecting a suitable catalyst for implementing the simultaneous production of hydrogen-rich syngas and multi-walled carbon nanotubes through the integration of dry reforming and methane decomposition reactions has recently gained great interests. In this study, a series of bimetallic (NiMo/MgO) and trimetallic (CoNiMo/MgO, FeNiMo/MgO, CoFeMo/MgO) catalysts was prepared and evaluated for a catalytic activity of CH4 and CO2 conversions of biogas in a fixed bed reactor at 800 °C and atmospheric pressure. Among the investigated catalysts, the bimetallic NiMo/MgO catalyst showed the outstanding catalytic performance with 86.4% CH4 conversion and 95.6% CO2 conversion as well as producing the highest syngas purity of 90.0% with H2/CO ratio = 1.1. Moreover, the characterization of the synthesized solid products proved that the well-aligned structured morphology, high purity, and excellent textural properties of CNTs were obtained by using NiMo/MgO catalyst. On the other hand, using trimetallic catalysts which have the composition of Co and Fe leads to the severe deactivation. This could be attributed the catalyst oxidation with CO2 in biogas, resulting in the transformation of metals into large metal oxides. The integrative process with NiMo/MgO catalyst is regarded as a promising pathway, which has a high potential for directly converting biogas into the high value-added products and providing a green approach for managing the enormous amounts of wastes.
Synthesis and characterization of fluorescence poly(amidoamine) dendrimer-based pigments
Authors: Golshan Marzieh , Gheitarani Behnam , Salami-Kalajahi Mehdi , Hosseini Mahdi Salami
Published: September 2022

In this work, we looked at how to make fluorescence hybrid poly(amidoamine) dendrimer (PAMAM) dendrimers using calcozine red 6G and coumarin end groups. After synthesis of ethylenediamine (EDA)-cored 4th generation PAMAM dendrimer (G4.0), surface functional groups is reacted with calcozine red 6G (Rh6G) and 7-methacryloyloxy-4-methylcoumarin. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), and X-ray diffraction are used to characterize the structure of synthesized fluorescent hybrid dendrimers. Optical properties are demonstrated using a fluorescence spectrophotometer, and UV–Vis–NIR reflectance spectra. According to UV–Vis–NIR reflectance spectra, hybrid dendrimers were transparent in the NIR range. Moreover, quantum yield (Φs) of hybrid dendrimers was calculated in dimethylformamide (DMF), ethanol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and distilled water (H2O). Dendrimers in which Rh6G was utilized to modification showed the maximum quantum yield in ethanol due to great interaction of structure with ethanol and the arrangement of ring-opened amide shape of calcozine red 6G.
Interference and co-existence of staphylococci and Cutibacterium acnes within the healthy human skin microbiome
Authors: Ahle Charlotte Marie , Stødkilde Kristian , Poehlein Anja , Bömeke Mechthild , Streit Wolfgang R. , Wenck Horst , Reuter Jörn Hendrik , Hüpeden Jennifer , Brüggemann Holger
Published: September 2022

Human skin is populated by trillions of microbes collectively called the skin microbiome. Staphylococcus epidermidis and Cutibacterium acnes are among the most abundant members of this ecosystem, with described roles in skin health and disease. However, knowledge regarding the health beneficial effects of these ubiquitous skin residents is still limited. Here, we profiled the staphylococcal and C. acnes landscape across four different skin sites of 30 individuals (120 skin samples) using amplicon-based next-generation sequencing. Relative abundance profiles obtained indicated the existence of phylotype-specific co-existence and exclusion scenarios. Co-culture experiments with 557 staphylococcal strains identified 30 strains exhibiting anti-C. acnes activities. Notably, staphylococcal strains were found to selectively exclude acne-associated C. acnes and co-exist with healthy skin-associated phylotypes, through regulation of the antimicrobial activity. Overall, these findings highlight the importance of skin-resident staphylococci and suggest that selective microbial interference is a contributor to healthy skin homeostasis.
The genome of Aechmea fasciata provides insights into the evolution of tank epiphytic habits and ethylene-induced flowering
Authors: Li Zhiying , Wang Jiabin , Zhang Xuanbing , Zhu GuoPeng , Fu Yunliu , Jing Yonglin , huang Bilan , Wang Xiaobing , Meng Chunyang , Yang Qingquan , Xu Li
Published: September 2022

Aechmea fasciatais one of the most popular bromeliads and bears a water-impounding tank with a vase-like rosette. The tank habit is a key innovation that has promoted diversity among bromeliads. To reveal the genomic basis of tank habit formation and ethylene-induced flowering, we sequenced the genome ofA. fasciataand assembled 352 Mb of sequences into 24 chromosomes. Comparative genomic analysis showed that the chromosomes experienced at least two fissions and two fusions from the ancestral genome ofA. fasciataandAnanas comosus. The gibberellin receptor geneGID1C-likewas duplicated by a segmental duplication event. This duplication may affect GA signalling and promote rosette expansion, which may permit water-impounding tank formation. During ethylene-induced flowering,AfFTL2expression is induced and targets theEIN3binding site ‘ATGTAC’ byAfEIL1-like. The data provided here will serve as an important resource for studying the evolution and mechanisms underlying flowering time regulation in bromeliads.
Applications of some EPR methods to the investigation of the radical species produced by the reactions of hydroxyl radicals with PEFC-related fluorinated organic acids
Authors: Kukisawa Takashi , Kuwabara Yutaka , Nosaka Atsuko Y. , Nosaka Yoshio
Published: September 2022

The conventional EPR measurements for frozen aqueous solution were compared with the time-resolved (TR) EPR measurements for flowing aqueous solution. The intensity of the TR-EPR signals were analyzed for the time and magnetic-field dependencies.
Geminal-based electronic structure methods in quantum chemistry. Toward a geminal model chemistry
Authors: Tecmer Paweł , Boguslawski Katharina
Published: September 2022

In this review, we discuss the recent progress in developing geminal-based theories for challenging problems in quantum chemistry.
Exploring the photocatalytic properties and carrier dynamics of 2D Janus XMMX′ (X = S, Se; M = Ga, In; and X′ = Te) materials
Authors: Zhang Bofeng , Li Akang , Lin Jiahe , Liang WanZhen
Published: September 2022

Janus group-III chalcogenide (XMMX′) monolayers exhibit much higher photocatalytic activity compared to pristine MX and show significant potential as overall water splitting photocatalysts.
Advances in metal–organic framework-based membranes
Authors: Cheng Youdong , Datta Shuvo Jit , Zhou Sheng , Jia Jiangtao , Shekhah Osama , Eddaoudi Mohamed
Published: September 2022

This review summarizes recent advances in the field of metal–organic framework (MOF)-based membranes with a special focus on their design strategies and applications for gas and liquid separations.
Molecular transport in zeolite catalysts: depicting an integrated picture from macroscopic to microscopic scales
Authors: Liu Xiaoliang , Wang Chuanming , Zhou Jian , Liu Chang , Liu Zhicheng , Shi Jing , Wang Yangdong , Teng Jiawei , Xie Zaiku
Published: September 2022

This review aims to systematically establish the structure–diffusion–reactivity relationships in zeolite catalysts and provide rational guidelines for design of industrial catalysts.
Cancer therapeutics based on diverse energy sources
Authors: Son Subin , Kim Jungryun , Kim Jaewon , Kim Byungkook , Lee Jieun , Kim Yuri , Li Mingle , Kang Heemin , Kim Jong Seung
Published: September 2022

Light has been utilized for cancer treatment owing to its advantages. Low penetration depth of light restricts its application in cancer treatment. To overcome the drawback, various treatments based on each energy sources have been developed.
Stable terbium metal–organic framework with turn-on and blue-shift fluorescence sensing for acidic amino acids (l-aspartate and l-glutamine) and cations (Al3+ and Ga3+)
Authors: Ren Tai-Lin , Zhang Xiao-Nuan , Hu Jun-Jie , Wen He-Rui , Liu Sui-Jun , Peng Yan
Published: September 2022

A new TbIII-based metal–organic framework (Tb-MOF) was prepared and characterized, which was used as a fluorescence sensor with high selectivity and sensitivity for l-Asp, l-Glu, and Al3+ and Ga3+ ions, respectively.
Designable synthesis of reactive deep eutectic solvents (RDESs) in regulating Ni-based materials for an efficient oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Wei Yahui , Jiang Jingyun , Dong Jialong , Xu Yifan , Fu Jianwei , Xu Qun
Published: September 2022

Reactive deep eutectic solvents (RDESs) were proposed and used for regulating Ni-based oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalysts.
Environment-friendly Mn and Cu co-doped CsBr nanocrystals with doping-controlled dual-emission and chrominance
Authors: Xu Jingkun , Jiang Hao , Guo Shiming , Xia Pengfei , Xu Shuhong , Wang Chunlei
Published: September 2022

Environment-friendly co-doped CsBr nanocrystals with controllable dual-emission and chrominance have been successfully prepared by using facile one-pot colloidal synthesis approach.
A 2-phenylfuro[2,3-b]quinoxaline-triphenylamine-based emitter: photophysical properties and application in TADF-sensitized fluorescence OLEDs
Authors: Wang XinYe , Li YiXiang , Wu Yuan , Qin Ke , Xu DeFei , Wang DongDong , Ma HuiLi , Ning ShuYa , Wu ZhaoXin
Published: September 2022

We have demonstrated that the T1-state energy of a fluorescence dopant (FD) is close to that of the thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF)-type exciplex co-host, and the energy loss caused by the T1 states of the FD could be suppressed in TADF-sensitized fluorescence (TSF) OLEDs.
Synthesis, structure, and corrosion inhibiting properties of REIII 3-thiophenecarboxylate complexes
Authors: Vithana Vidushi P. , Guo Zhifang , Deacon Glen B. , Somers Anthony E. , Junk Peter C.
Published: September 2022

Two series of Rare Earth (RE) 3-thiophencarboxylate (3TPC) complexes have been synthesized by reactions between a RE salt and Na(3TPC). Based on weight loss measurements and potentiodynamic polarization measurements, the compounds show good corrosion inhibitory properties and act mainly as anodic inhibitors.
Anisotropy-induced phase transitions in an intrinsic half-Chern insulator Ni2I2
Authors: Liu Lei , Huan Hao , Xue Yang , Bao Hairui , Yang Zhongqin
Published: September 2022

An intrinsic half-Chern insulator, possessing 100% spin-polarized edge states, is found in Ni2I2 monolayers. A combined state of a half metal and a half-Chern insulator occurs in the material under strain, associated with the unique anisotropic bands.
Studies on the synthesis of 1′-CN-triazolyl-C-ribosides
Authors: Bozinovic Nina , Aguiar Viviane Marques de , Ferry Angélique , Gallier Florian , Lubin-Germain Nadège , Uziel Jacques , Miranda Leandro Soter de Mariz e
Published: September 2022

Synthesis of the C1′–CN -1,2,3-triazolyl-C-ribonucleosides was achieved through the cyanation of the corresponding alkynyl-C-riboside. A new spirocyclic guanosine analogue is reported through the amination of the 1′-CN-triazolyl-C-riboside.
Reversible chain transfer catalyzed polymerization in miniemulsion systems with tetraiodomethane as a catalyst
Authors: Kitayama Yukiya , Sadakane Masaya , Harada Atsushi
Published: September 2022

Tetraiodomethane (CI4) is an effective catalyst in reversible chain transfer catalyzed polymerization (RTCP) of methacrylate monomers in miniemulsion polymerization systems (miniemulsion RTCP).
Novel ultralong and photoactive Bi2Ti4O11/TiO2 heterojunction nanofibers toward efficient textile wastewater treatment
Authors: Juay Jermyn , Yang Jia-Cheng E. , Bai Hongwei , Sun Darren Delai
Published: September 2022

The elimination of dyes from textile wastewater with a lower carbon footprint is highly contingent on the design of green catalysts.
Study of the β-oxygen effect in the Barton–McCombie reaction for the total synthesis of (4R,5R)-4-hydroxy-γ-decalactone (Japanese orange fly lactone): a carbohydrate based approach
Authors: Desireddi Janardana Reddi , Rao Mora Mallikarjuna , Murahari Kiran Kumar , Nimmareddy Rajashekar Reddy , Mothe Thirupathi , Lingala Arun Kumar , Maiti Bhimcharan , Manchal Ravinder
Published: September 2022

The Japanese orange fly lactone was synthesised with a chiral pool approach using commercially available, starting material d-glucose. This synthesis encountered a dominant structurally functioning impact in the Barton–McCombie reaction known as the β-oxygen effect.
Rational design of mixed Sn–Ge based hybrid halide perovskites for optoelectronic applications: a first principles study
Authors: Chutia Tridip , Kalita Dhruba Jyoti
Published: September 2022

Here, we have investigated some mixed metal hybrid halide perovskite materials by employing first principle calculation method.
The elegant complexity of fear in non-human animals
Authors: Monfils Marie-H. , Domjan Michael
Published: September 2022

Activation of the fear system is adaptive, and protects individuals from impending harm; yet, exacerbation of the fear system is at the source of anxiety-related disorders. Here, we briefly review the ‘why’ and ‘how’ of fear, with an emphasis on models that encapsulate the elegant complexity of rodents’ behavioral responding in the face of impending harm, and its relevance to developing treatment interventions.
Bent coplanar waveguide feeds for balanced planar antennas and arrays
Authors: Lv X. , Zhang Y. , Fu Y. , Shi Q. , El‐Makadema A.
Published: September 2022

Planar antenna arrays of a balanced structure are of great importance in many applications due to their features including low‐profile, wideband, and high polarisation purity. However, feeding such antennas adds great complexity in terms of manufacturing and reduces the performance due to production of common mode propagation. A method for feeding such antennas using coplanar waveguide on a thin substrate is proposed. Not only does it terminate the antenna of a balanced structure with a single‐ended feed but it also enables impedance transformation. The design was an attempt towards a completely printed front‐end that incorporates the antenna elements and their feeding circuits on bendable substrates. The electromagnetic performance has been validated with a dual polarised prototype and its prospect for ultrawideband arrays, e.g. 5G sub‐6 GHz or square kilometre array, was explored.
Quantum computing for smart grid applications
Authors: Ullah Md Habib , Eskandarpour Rozhin , Zheng Honghao , Khodaei Amin
Published: September 2022

Computational complexities in modern power systems are reportedly increasing daily, and it is anticipated that traditional computers might be inadequate to provide the computation prerequisite in future complex power grids. In that given context, quantum computing (QC) can be considered a next‐generation alternative solution to deal with upcoming computational challenges in smart grids. The QC is a relatively new yet promising technology that leverages the unique phenomena of quantum mechanics in processing information and computations. This emerging paradigm shows a significant potential to overcome the barrier of computational limitations with better and faster solutions in optimization, simulations, and machine learning problems. In recent years, substantial progress in developing advanced quantum hardware, software, and algorithms have made QC more feasible to apply in various research areas, including smart grids. It is evident that considerable research has already been carried out, and such efforts are remarkably continuing. As QC is a highly evolving field of study, a brief review of the existing literature will be vital to realize the state‐of‐art on QC for smart grid applications. Therefore, this article summarizes the research outcomes of the most recent papers, highlights their suggestions for utilizing QC techniques for various smart grid applications, and further identifies the potential smart grid applications. Several real‐world QC case studies in various research fields besides power and energy systems are demonstrated. Moreover, a brief overview of available quantum hardware specifications, software tools, and algorithms is described with a comparative analysis.
Evaluation of admittance domain behavioural model complexity requirements for Power Amplifier design
Authors: Moure Maria Rocio , Casbon Michael , Ladero Nicolas , Fernandez‐Barciela Monica , Tasker Paul J.
Published: September 2022

In the framework of Power Amplifier (PA) design for communications, frequency domain non‐linear behavioural models have shown their potential as efficient complementary modelling tools when Field Effect Transistor compact models are not available or sufficiently accurate. The Admittance behavioural model, formulated in the V‐I domain, is especially suitable for device size and fundamental frequency scaling. It is important to note that the direct extraction of this model, from the Nonlinear Vector Network Analyser (NVNA) load‐pull (LP) measurements, requires some extra processing since it necessitates a Look‐up‐Table indexed to |V11| rather than |A11|. When using such models in PA design, there is the need for the user to select the necessary model complexity. To address this requirement, in this paper, a systematic analysis methodology, to guide the user, is presented and validated in different PA design scenarios. The methodology was tested using NVNA LP measurements of GaN Heterostructure FETs. A fifth order Admittance model formulation showed good accuracy in the studied PA design scenarios.
The IRAM-30m EMPIRE Nearby Galaxy Dense Gas Survey
Authors: Jiménez-Donaire María Jesús , Bigiel Frank
Published: September 2022

This work presents an overview of the main results from the EMIR Multi-Line Probe of the ISM Regulating Galaxy Evolution (EMPIRE) survey, an IRAM-30m Large Program (∼ 500 h) which observed tracers of high density molecular gas across the disks of nine nearby, star-forming galaxies. EMPIRE is the first comprehensive and systematic study mapping high-density tracers including HCN, HCO+ and HNC, as well as optically thin J = 1−0 transitions of 13CO and C18O. Such a combination of spectroscopic tracers offers the best way to study cold, immediately star-forming gas to address how dense gas fractions and star formation efficiencies vary across and among galaxies. The extensive and sensitive data collected from EMPIRE has allowed us to relate the fraction of star-forming gas and its ability to form stars to local interstellar medium (ISM) and dynamical conditions, such as stellar surface densities, ISM dynamical pressure or molecular gas surface densities. The main results from EMPIRE show that the star formation efficiency in the dense gas varies systematically in all galactic disks. Therefore, this provides support for a context-dependent role of gas density, where dense gas fractions follow interstellar pressure, but star formation only takes place in local over-densities. The EMPIRE survey has successfully turned into a stepping stone for on-going and future projects, aiming to link the large-scale EMPIRE extragalactic results to high-resolution measurements, accessible from our Milky Way.
Multi-line modelling in nearby galaxies: The link between dense gas and star formation in different environments
Authors: Usero Antonio , García-Rodríguez Axel ,   The PHANGS Collaboration
Published: September 2022

TheJ=1–0 lines of HCN and HCO+have become the default tracers of dense molecular gas in external galaxies. To study the relation between HCN and HCO+emission and density, we have mapped theirJ=3–2 lines with the ALMA Compact Array (ACA) in the nearby star-forming galaxies NGC3351, NGC3627, and NGC4321. Combined with archival line maps of HCN(1–0), HCO+(1–0), CO(1–0), and CO(2–1), we use this data set to: (1) compare the excitation of dense gas tracers in normal and starburst/AGN galaxies; (2) explore how line ratios vary across galaxy disks; (3) infer the density distribution and other cloud properties on a pixel-by-pixel basis through a physically-motivated radiative transfer model.
Invertible Neural Networks in Astrophysics
Authors: Klessen Ralf S.
Published: September 2022

Modern machine learning techniques have become indispensable in many fields of astronomy and astrophysics. Here we introduce a specific class of methods, invertible neural networks, and discuss two specific applications, the prediction of stellar parameters from photometric observations and the study of stellar feedback processes from on emission lines.
CO-dark gas: What fuels the star formation in low metallicity dwarf galaxies?
Authors: Madden Suzanne C.
Published: September 2022

While star-forming dwarf galaxies have little molecular gas traced by CO, their extreme observed [Cii]/CO(1-0) and [Oiii]/[Cii] ratios set them apart from metal-rich star-forming galaxies. The decreased dust abundance, along with their star formation activity, encourages the photodissociation of CO and the presence of relatively prominent C+ envelopes which can harbor a significant self-shielded H2 reservoir, with CO being an inaccurate proxy for the total H2 gas mass. Modeling the Dwarf Galaxy Survey allows us to quantify the mass of the CO-dark H2 gas and derive a [Cii]-to-H2 gas mass conversion factor as well as a new CO-to-H2 conversion factor as a function of metallicity.
PDFCHEM: Fast simulations of the chemical ISM using probability distributions
Authors: Bisbas Thomas G. , van Dishoeck Ewine , Hu Chia-Yu , Schruba Andreas
Published: September 2022

We present PDFCHEM, a new numerical method able to compute the photodissociation region (PDR) chemistry of large-scale inhomogeneous ISM regions using probability distributions of physical parameters as an input. We distinguish between two visual extinctions, namely the ‘effective’ (AV,eff) referring to the local extinction and the ‘observed’ (AV,obs) referring to the extinction taken from observations. Using 1,200 pre-calculated PDR simulations, we apply PDFCHEM to two hypothetical AV,obs−PDFs, representing a diffuse region and a Giant Molecular Cloud. PDFchem is fast and can replace the computationally expensive hydrodynamical models in understanding the chemistry of the ISM in different environments, including at low metallicities and high cosmic-ray ionization rates.
ALCHEMI: Results from the ALMA Comprehensive High-resolution Extragalactic Molecular Inventory of NGC253
Authors: Mangum Jeffrey G. , Viti Serena ,   The ALCHEMI Collaboration
Published: September 2022

The star formation process in galaxies drives their evolution. The physical conditions which drive the star formation process in galaxies are studied using measurements of atomic and molecular species found in the dense has from which stars form in galaxies. Molecular emission measurements at millimeter/submillimeter wavelengths have revealed the molecular complexity of the star formation regions in galaxies. In a recent study of the nearby starburst galaxy NGC253 using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), the ALMA Comprehensive High-resolution Extragalactic Molecular Inventory (ALCHEMI) large program imaged the continuum and spectral line emission from the central molecular zone (CMZ) of this starburst galaxy. In this article we summarize the current results derived from the ALCHEMI large program. Many of these studies have focused on clarifying the state of dense gas heating processes in the NGC253 CMZ.
Mapping the high ionization rate of the GC starburst Sgr B2 through low HCO+ /N2H+ J=1-0 intensity ratios
Authors: Santa-Maria Miriam G. , Goicoechea Javier R.
Published: September 2022

We still do not understand which mechanisms dominate the heating and ionization of the extended molecular gas in galactic nuclei. The starburst Sgr B2, in the Galactic Center (GC), is an excellent template to spatially resolve the high-mass star-forming cores from the extended cloud environment, and to study the properties of the warm neutral gas in conditions likely prevalent in star-forming galaxies. We mapped ~1000 pc2 of Sgr B2 complex, using the IRAM 30m telescope, in the N2H+, HCO+ J=1-0 and SiO J=2-1 line emission. The extended nature of the N2H+ J=1-0 emission is remarkable. Compared to molecular clouds in the disk of the galaxy, the N2H+ J=1-0 emission is not confined to cold and dense cores and filaments. This can be explained by the high ionization rate (ζ ≳10−15 s−1), leading to overabundant H+3, He+, and N2H+. The enhanced ionization rate is likely responsible of the much lower line intensity ratio RI =HCO+/N2H+ J=1-0 observed in Sgr B2 (RI ≈ 2 ± 2), Arp 220 (RI ≈ 2), and NGC 253 (RI ≈ 5), compared to disk clouds such as Orion B (RI ≈ 24) and starburst galaxies such as M82 (RI ≈ 21).
A complete 3mm line survey of the B1-b and TMC-1 cores
Authors: Marcelino Nuria , Cernicharo José , Agúndez Marcelino , Tercero Belén , Cabezas Carlos , de Vicente Pablo
Published: September 2022

We present the 3mm spectral line survey performed at the IRAM 30m telescope towards the dense cores B1-b and TMC-1. Within the 46 GHz observed, we have identified more than 500 lines arising from more than 60 molecules. We have also detected tens of unidentified lines, allowing the discovery of new molecular species in space. In this contribution we discuss two examples: the case of H2NC and CH3CO+. In the latter, the 30m data was used in combination with the 7mm survey data from the Yebes 40m telescope, which provides lower energy transitions. Our deep 3mm and 7mm spectral surveys reveal a forest of lines at 50-100 mK, showing that dark clouds cannot be considered poor line sources anymore.
z-GAL – A Comprehensive Redshift Survey of the Brightest Herschel Galaxies
Authors: Cox Pierre ,   (on behalf of the z-GAL Team)
Published: September 2022

We here introduce z-GAL, a Large Program using NOEMA, aimed at a comprehensive 3 and 2-mm spectroscopic redshift survey of a large sample of 137 bright (S500μm > 80mJy) Herschel-selected high-z dusty star forming galaxies, probing the peak of cosmic evolution. The results highlight the nature of the sources, including lenses and rare hyper-luminous infrared galaxies, as well as, in some cases, their multiplicity and will serve as a foundation for future detailed follow-up observations.
Shocks in the surroundings of the NGC 1333 IRAS 4 system
Authors: De Simone Marta
Published: September 2022

The IRAS 4A system is part of the southern filament of the Perseus NGC 1333 molecular cloud. As most of the star forming regions, NGC 1333 is known to be heavily shaped by external triggers, such as shock fronts around OB stars or supernovae remnants, cloud-cloud collisions, and instabilities. Recently, it has been hypothesized that the entire southwest region of NGC 1333, encompassing the filament where IRAS 4A lie, is due to a colliding “turbulent” cell, a clash that triggered the birth of the protostars on the filaments. However, no specific signatures of a clash have been reported so far, leaving unanswered how and where the energy of this clash, if real, is dispersed. To answer this question, we analyzed new high spatial resolution (~600 au) observations of CH3OH and SiO, known shock tracers, obtained in the context of the Large Program IRAM/NOEMA SOLIS searching for specific signature of the clash event. We detected three parallel elongated structures, called fingers, with narrow line profiles (~1.5 km s−1), peaked at the systemic velocity of the cloud, tracing gas with high density (5-20×105 cm−3) and high temperature (80-160 K). They are chemically different with the northern finger traced by both SiO and CH3OH and the other two only by SiO. Among various possibilities, a train of three consecutive shocks, due to an expanding bubble coming behind NGC 1333 and from the southwest, can reproduce the observations. Finally, we propose a solution for the two-decades long debate on the nature and the origin of the widespread narrow SiO emission observed in the south part of NGC 1333, namely unresolved trains of shocks.
Protostellar jets: A statistical view with the CALYPSO IRAM-PdBI survey
Authors: Podio Linda , Tabone Benoit , Codella Claudio ,   the CALYPSO team
Published: September 2022

In the context of the CALYPSO IRAM-PdBI Lai•ge Program we performed the first statistical survey of protostellar jets by analysing molecular emission in a sample of 21 protostars covering a broad range of internal luminosities (Lint from 0.035 L⊙ to 47 L⊙). We find that the outflow phenomenon is ubiquitous in our sample of protostars, with wide-angle outflows detected in CO (2 - 1) in all sources, and high-velocity collimated jets detected in SiO (5-4) in 80% of the sources with Lint > 1 L⊙. The protostellar flows have an onion-like structure, with the SiO jet (opening angle, α ~ 10°) nested into a wider angle SO (α ~ 15°) and CO (α ~ 25°) outflows. Interestingly, protostellar jets show several properties in common with the atomic jets associated with more evolved sources (106 yr), e.g. one third of the jets show velocity asymmetry of ~ 1.3-2 between the two lobes, and the mass-loss rates are ~ 1% - 50% of the mass accretion rates. This suggests that the same launching mechanism is at work and that the correlation between mass ejection and mass accretion holds along the star-formation process from 104 yr up to a few Myr.
The emergence of molecular complexity in star forming regions as seen with ASAI
Authors: Lefloch Bertrand , Vastel Charlotte , Bianchi Eleonora , Bachiller Rafael
Published: September 2022

The Large Program “Astrochemical Surveys At IRAM” (ASAI) investigates the emergence of molecular complexity along the different stages of the solar-type star formation process, by carrying out unbiased line surveys of a sample of ten template sources in the range 80-272 GHz with the IRAM 30m telescope. We present here an overview of the main results of the Large Program ASAI.
Searching For the t=0 of Planetary System Formation
Authors: Bergin Edwin , van’t Hoff Merel , Jørgensen Jes
Published: September 2022

The composition of bodies in the solar system points to strong gradients in the volatile content within solid bodies hinting at the presence of gas-ice transitions across sublimation fronts in the young formative stages when the gas-rich disk was present. Terrestrial worlds are constructed out of the disk solids which are primarily silicate and water, but might also contain a significant fraction of organic material. These refractory organics are the source of carbon to Earth-like worlds, but have the potential to be destroyed if temperatures exceed 300-500 K (depending on pressure). These temperatures are most readily prevalent during the early stages of planetary system formation where the seeds of terrestrial worlds are potentially assembled. Here we present an ongoing observational search for refractory carbon grain destruction. We also discuss the implications on the overall gas phase chemistry within sublimation zones and on the ultimate composition of planetary bodies forming from available materials.
Molecular gas dynamics around nuclei of galaxies
Authors: Combes Françoise
Published: September 2022

Recent molecular line observations with ALMA in several nearby Seyferts have revealed the existence of molecular tori, and the nature of gas flows at 10-20 pc scale. At 100 pc scale, or kpc-scale, previous NOEMA work on gravitational torques had shown that only about one third of Seyfert galaxies experienced molecular inflow and central fueling, while in most cases the gas was stalled in rings. At higher resolution, i.e. 10-20 pc scale, it is possible now to see in some cases AGN fueling due to nuclear trailing spirals, influenced by the black hole potential. This brings smoking gun evidence for nuclear fueling. In our sample galaxies, the angular resolution of up to 60 mas allows us to reach the black hole (BH) sphere of influence and the BH mass can be derived more directly than with the M-sigma relation.
A framework of optimum cleaning schedule and its financial impact in a large-scale PV solar plant: a case study in Senegal
Authors: Diouf Mame Cheikh , Faye Mactar , Thiam Ababacar , Sambou Vincent
Published: September 2022

The performance of large-scale PV solar plant installed in sub-Saharan regions is affected by the deposition of dust on the surface of the PV modules. Frequent cleaning of the PV modules increases the profitability of PV solar plants. The objective of this study is to determine the optimal cleaning cycle of a PV solar plant subjected to a wind loaded with sand and dust. This study took place in a PV solar plant installed in Senegal. The measurement data are analysed for a period of two years and used to extract soiling rate. Optimization was done based on the total cost caused by dust on the PV solar plant to minimize the number of days between cleaning events. The results showed that the soiling rate between June and May is 0.34%/day, while a rate of 0.33%/day was recorded in October. The highest soiling rates of 0.42%/day and 0.49%/day were recorded in December and between February and March, respectively. The optimal cleaning cycle for the PV solar plant is 14 days. The total cost of cleaning is reduced by 31% using this optimal cleaning cycle proposed.
Medikamentös-induzierte Polyneuropathien jenseits von
Chemotherapeutika und Antiinfektiva
Authors: Achenbach Pascal , Block Frank , Dafotakis Manuel
Published: September 2022

Zahlreiche in der klinischen Routine eingesetzte Wirkstoffe jenseits von
Chemotherapeutika und Antiinfektiva können eine Polyneuropathie
verstärken oder hervorrufen. Kenntnis darüber, welche
Medikamente mit Polyneuropathien assoziiert sind sowie über
Risikofaktoren seitens der Patienten können die Häufigkeit
reduzieren. Bei entsprechendem Risiko sollten alternative Präparate
eingesetzt oder die Indikation zur Therapie generell überdacht
werden.
The Central Cord Syndrome in Patients with Cervical Spinal Cord Tumors: A 19th-Century Vignette from (Karl) Julius Vogel (1814–1880)
Authors: Missori Paolo , Chiarella Vito , Peschillo Simone , Paolini Sergio , Currà Antonio
Published: September 2022

Between 1830 and 1850, (Karl) Julius Vogel was one of the most important German pathologists. He received his doctorate in medicine in 1838 from the University of Munich and habilitation in pathology in 1840. In 1846, he moved to the University of Giessen as a full professor of pathology. From 1855, he taught special pathology and therapy at the University of Halle and became director of the internal clinic. Vogel and Heinrich Adolph Karl Dittmar were the first clinicians to describe the symptoms and pathologic findings of the central cord syndrome in a cervical spine tumor.
Static Subjective Visual Vertical (SVV) in Patients with Vestibular Migraine
Authors: Bogle Jamie M. , King Ashley Zaleski , Deep Nicholas , Weisskopf Peter , Starling Amaal J.
Published: September 2022

Abstract Background Vestibular migraine (VM) is one of the common causes of episodic dizziness, but it is underdiagnosed and poorly understood. Previous research suggests that otolith reflex pathway performance is often impaired in this patient group, leading
to altered perception of roll plane stimuli. Clinically, this perception can be measured with subjective visual vertical (SVV) testing. Purpose The aim of this study is to compare static SVV performance (absolute mean SVV tilt, variance) in a cohort of patients diagnosed with
VM to results obtained from clinically derived normative data. Study Design Retrospective case review. Study Sample Ninety-four consecutive patients between 18 and 65 years of age diagnosed with VM were included in this comparison to clinically derived normative
data. Data Collection and Analysis Retrospective chart review was completed. Demographic data, symptom report, and vestibular laboratory results were documented. SVV performance was documented in terms of absolute mean SVV tilt and response variance. Results Abnormal
mean SVV tilt was described in 54% (n = 51) of patients with VM. Including abnormal response variance increased those identified with abnormal presentation to 67% (n = 63). Laboratory findings were insignificant for semicircular canal function, but
of those with abnormal ocular vestibular myogenic potential results (n = 30), 77% (n = 23) demonstrated both abnormal SVV and utriculo-ocular reflex performance. There were no associations noted for SVV performance and demographic or other self-report
variables. Conclusion Absolute mean SVV tilt and response variance are often abnormal in patients diagnosed with VM. These findings support theories suggesting atypical intralabyrinthine integration within the vestibular nuclei and cerebellar nodular pathways.
Rhodium(I)-Catalyzed [2+2+1]-Carbonylative Cycloaddition of Diynes with Anthracene α-Diketone as the Source of CO
Authors: Morimoto Tsumoru , Jia JingWen , Yamaguchi Yoshiko , Ueda Tatsuya , Yamada Hiroko , Kakiuchi Kiyomi
Published: September 2022

We report on the use of anthracene α-diketone as a source of carbon monoxide (CO) in carbonylation reactions. Photoirradiation by a 5 W blue LED of a diyne in the presence of anthracene α-diketone and a rhodium(I) catalyst resulted in a [2+2+1]-carbonylative cycloaddition of the diyne to CO released from the anthracene α-diketone to give a high yield (up to 99%) of the corresponding cyclopentadienone. This is the first demonstration of a CO-gas-free carbonylation reaction using anthracene α-diketone. Light irradiation was a major factor both in the generation of CO from anthracene α-diketone and in the catalytic activity. A halogen lamp, a fluorescent lamp, or sunlight also served as a light source for this reaction. With this system, there is no need for an additional reagent for generating CO.