bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Current status of nonsurgical embryo transfer in swine
Authors: Gil Maria A. , Parrilla Inmaculada , Cuello Cristina , Martinez Emilio A.
Published: December 2024

Embryo transfer in pigs is a reproductive technology with great potential because it enables the movement of high-value genetic material, in the form of embryos, with reduced transport costs and no health risks. However, its use has been limited for decades despite significant interest, primarily due to the need for laparotomy for embryo collection from donors and deposition into recipients. Over the past 30 years, various procedures have been developed to deposit embryos nonsurgically in the body of the uterus with promising results, but none sufficiently successful. Because the uterine body is not the ideal site for embryo deposition at the morula and blastocyst stages, a new method that is capable of depositing porcine embryos deep into the uterine horn has been developed. This nonsurgical deep uterine method is a simple, effective, and well-tolerated technique in gilts and sows, achieving high fertility and prolificacy using fresh, stored, and vitrified–warmed embryos under field conditions. The present review provides a brief overview of the current status of nonsurgical deep uterine embryo transfer and addresses the varied reproductive performance observed across farms when this technology was applied in commercial programs. In addition, several future directions for its on-farm commercial application are discussed.
Current status of embryo models created from pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Zimara Maria Carolina , Ezashi Toshihiko , Yuan Ye
Published: December 2024

The mystery of genesis has fascinated human inquiry ever since Aristotle in the 4th century BCE and likely even earlier. Observations of carcinomas in the last century led to the derivation of embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells. These remarkable cells recently allowed scientists to develop embryo models that emulate the natural developmental behavior of embryos. In this review, we present how this line of research is unfolding, and discuss its applications in human in vitro fertilization, regenerative medicine, animal reproduction and conservation. As we navigate this frontier, human genesis continues to inspire and challenge, shaping our understanding of life’s fundamental processes and opening doors to unprecedented applications of stem cell technologies.
What we can learn from the bovine embryo and mouse models to enable in vitro gametogenesis in cattle
Authors: Denicol Anna C.
Published: December 2024

The development of in vitro gametogenesis (IVG) in the mouse opened up unforeseen possibilities for assisted reproduction. The development of this technology to be used in cattle production could accelerate the rate of genetic selection by dramatically reducing the generation interval, while decreasing the environmental impact of livestock production as the need to grow animals in the process of genetic selection would be reduced or even eliminated. Although several steps of the process of IVG such as in vitro oocyte maturation and fertilization, and embryo production are already routinely performed in cattle, other steps of the system such as in vitro follicle and oocyte development are still rudimentary. The stable derivation of bovine pluripotent stem cells is the starting point without which IVG cannot be realized. However, producing a primordial germ cell and taking this cell through oogenesis and folliculogenesis in a dish will require a more detailed understanding of the milestones that need to be accomplished in vivo before they can be recapitulated in vitro. In particular, understanding the regulatory circuitry of germ cell specification in the embryo, the timing and events related to development of the germ cell program, and the factors necessary to make a competent egg, will need to be uncovered. Here, we review the process of IVG and provide a brief description of the current advances and bottlenecks related to in vitro oogenesis and folliculogenesis in cattle. Finally, we provide a brief comparison between mice and cows in this regard.
Organs-on-a-chip to understand reproduction
Authors: Kim J. Julie
Published: December 2024

Organs-on-a-chip technology (OoC) has transformed biomedical research with realistic human organ models for drug testing and disease research. While still in its infancy in reproductive research, OoC holds immense potential. The development and use of OoC platforms specifically for reproductive processes are highlighted here, including a multi-organ platform for studying the female reproductive tract, devices for investigating embryo implantation, and microfluidic systems aimed at improving pre-implantation embryos. These findings emphasize the transformative potential of OoC technology in reproductive biology, advocating for its broader adoption in the field. The potential applications of OoC technology in both human and animal reproduction are vast and significant. By providing detailed and controlled models of reproductive systems, OoC technology is set to transform reproductive health research, steering it towards a more sustainable and ethical future.
Facile construction of distal and diversified tertiary and quaternary stereocenters
Authors: Liu Chong , Ge Robbie , Chen Jun , Guo Hongmei , Bartholome Tyler A. , Maiti Debabrata , Ge Haibo
Published: December 2024

Exploration of novel chiral pharmaceutical candidates is motivation to immersive efforts among synthetic chemists. Achieving skeletal construction and chiral diversity in a highly efficient manner is a momentous goal in the chemical society. Unfortunately, current methods for chiral induction focus primarily on a specific site. Herein, we realized the asymmetric chain-walking arylation of alkenyl alcohols for the construction of multisite tertiary and quaternary stereocenters in high yields and enantioselectivity. This new operation-friendly strategy carries substantial potential for future industrialization.
Pressure aging: An effective process to liberate the power of high-pressure materials research
Authors: Luo Hui , Xuan Hongli , Wang Dong , Du Ziwan , Li Zhongyang , Bu Kejun , Guo Songhao , Mao Yuhong , Lan Fujun , Liu Fuyang , Yin Yanfeng , Tian Wenming , Hu Qingyang , Liu Gang , Liu Haozhe , Zeng Qiaoshi , Ding Yang , Fu Yongping , Li Qian , Jin Shengye , Yang Wenge , Mao Ho-Kwang , Lü Xujie
Published: December 2024

High pressure can create extreme conditions that enable the formation of novel materials and the discovery of new phenomena. However, the ability to preserve the desirable characteristics of materials obtained under high pressure has remained an elusive challenge, as the pressure-induced changes are typically reversible, except for the pressure-induced chemical reactions such as polymerization of hydrocarbons. Here, we propose the concept of “pressure aging” (PA) that enables the permanent locking-in of high-pressure structures and their associated enhanced properties in functional materials. Specifically, through the application of PA at 3.3 GPa for 24 h, the two-dimensional ferroelectric CuInP
2
S
6
exhibits a permanent change in Cu configuration after the pressure is fully released. This leads to a 2.5-fold enhancement in remanent polarization and an increase in
T
c
from 317 K to 583 K. In contrast, the samples underwent a compression–decompression cycle but without PA showed only reversible changes in their characteristics. We elucidate the relaxation dynamics during PA using the Kohlrausch–Williams–Watts function, providing valuable insights into the temporal evolution of both structural and property changes. Furthermore, the broad applicability of PA strategy has been validated across different materials, underscoring its versatility. Notably, the pressures involved are industrially attainable, and the sample sizes are scalable. Consequently, the implementation of this impactful PA approach introduces a groundbreaking unique dimension to high-pressure research, with significant potential across various scientific domains.
Unlocking quantum SVM potential: optimal feature map generation and feature selection
Authors: Zahid Sumaiyah , Tahir Muhammad Atif
Published: December 2024

The study proposes a mechanism to generate effective feature maps with optimal feature selection using the Tabu Search algorithm. It compares the performance of classical support vector machines (SVM), quantum support vector machines (QSVM) with only gate selection, and QSVM with both gate selection and feature selection (QSVM-FS) across various datasets. The results indicate that classical SVMs excel with several benchmark datasets, while QSVMs show superior performance on synthetic datasets with non-linear separability. Notably, QSVM-FS consistently outperforms QSVM without feature selection, highlighting the importance of feature selection in enhancing model accuracy. These findings suggest that while both quantum and classical SVMs have unique advantages, quantum methods offer particular benefits in specific scenarios. In the NISQ era, classical simulations are a primary tool for assessing quantum experiments, though they face challenges such as design impacts, limited scales, and biases. Ultimately, no definitive winner exists between quantum and classical methods, as both have their own strengths.
Analytical solutions and dynamical behaviors of the extended Bogoyavlensky-Konopelchenko equation in deep water dynamics
Authors: Jhangeer Adil , Beenish  , Talafha Abdallah M , Ansari Ali R
Published: December 2024

In this study, we delve into the mathematical intricacies of the novel Bogoyavlensky-Konopelchenko equation, which finds practical applications in understanding the dynamics of internal waves in deep water. This equation holds significance across scientific fields such as plasma physics, nonlinear optics, and fluid dynamics. The equation extends the (2+1)-dimensional Bogoyavlensky-Konopelchenko equation by adding the second-order derivative terms

B

μ

x

μ

x

and

B

μ

y

μ

y

due to second-order dissipative elements. The generalized exponential rational function method, crucial in mechanical engineering, analyzes analytical solutions featuring symmetric waveform representations. The planar dynamical system, derived via Galilean transformation with mathematical models and parameter values, enhances problem comprehension. Sensitivity analysis and phase portraits of equilibrium points highlight symmetrical properties. The global analysis identifies periodic, quasi-periodic, and chaotic behaviors, corroborated by Poincaré maps, attractor, power spectrum, return map, and a symmetric basin of the largest Lyapunov exponent.
The attempt frequency of the antiferromagnetic alloy MnN
Authors: Alsaud F , Frost W , Vallejo-Fernandez G
Published: December 2024

The operating frequency of a magnetic device is limited by the attempt frequency of the specific material. We have determined the characteristic relaxation frequency of a polycrystalline MnN layer from a measurement of the time dependence of the median blocking temperature in a MnN/CoFe system. A value of (1.5 ± 0.4) × 1012 Hz was obtained based on calculations using a granular model. This result is in very good agreement with values reported for other antiferromagnetic materials such as IrMn and highlights the potential of MnN for device applications.
Fermi arcs of topological surface states and Lifshitz transitions in multi-Weyl semimetals
Authors: Liu Yachao , Lin Jianbo , Niu Haibo , Wang Vei
Published: December 2024

Utilizing a continuum model, this study systematically investigates the Fermi arcs of topological surface states in three-dimensional multi-Weyl semimetals. We analyzed the energy spectra and wave functions for bulk quadratic and cubic-Weyl semimetals, each with a single Weyl point. The Fermi arcs of the topological surface states in these multi-Weyl semimetals were derived analytically. Those results reveal a direct proportionality between the number of arcs emanating from a Weyl point and its winding number. Furthermore, we elucidate the topological Lifshitz transition of Fermi arcs, which depends on boundary condition parameters, and pinpoint the critical points associated with the Lifshitz transition in these semimetals. These findings highlight the evolution of Fermi arcs of topological surface states in multi-Weyl semimetals, potentially opening new avenues for modulating transport properties of topological quantum materials. Our study provides a robust analytic framework for understanding the behavior of Fermi arcs in multi-Weyl semimetals, offering valuable insights for developing topological quantum devices.
Phase space analysis and cosmography of a two-fluid cosmological model
Authors: Mandal Goutam , Biswas Sujay Kr
Published: December 2024

In the framework of spatially flat Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) space-time, we investigate a two-fluid cosmological model where a tachyon scalar field with self-interacting potential and a modified chaplygin gas with non-linear equation of state are taken as the background fluids. We perform phase space analysis of the autonomous system obtained from the cosmological governing equations by a suitable transformation of variables. Linear stability theory is employed to characterise the stability criteria for hyperbolic critical points. Numerical investigation is carried out for non-hyperbolic points. Our study reveals that modified chaplygin fluid dominated solutions cannot provide the late-time evolution. Late-time accelerated evolution is obtained only when the solution is dominated by tachyon fluid. This study also yields a late-time scaling attractor providing similar order of energy densities in its evolution. The adiabatic sound speed is evaluated for both the fluids and test the stability of the models independently. Further, we perform cosmographic analysis in the model independent way by evaluating all the cosmographic parameters and then Om diagnostic is also found to compare our model with ΛCDM model.
Using relativistic effects in large-scale structure to constrain astrophysical properties of galaxy populations
Authors: Blanco Daniel Sobral , Bonvin Camille , Clarkson Chris , Maartens Roy
Published: December 2024

Upcoming large-scale structure surveys will be able to measure new features in the galaxy two point correlation function. Relativistic effects appear on large scales as subtle corrections to redshift-space distortions, showing up as a dipole and octupole when cross-correlating two different tracers of dark matter.
The dipole and octupole are very sensitive to the evolution and magnification biases of the observed tracers which are hard to model accurately as they depend upon the derivative of the luminosity function at the flux limit of the survey.
We show that splitting a galaxy population into bright and faint samples allows us to cross-correlate these and constrain both the evolution bias and magnification bias of the two samples — using the relativistic odd multipoles of the correlation function, together with the even Newtonian multipoles.
Although the octupole has much lower signal-to-noise than the dipole, it significantly improves the constraints by breaking parameter degeneracies.
We illustrate this in the case of a futuristic survey with the Square Kilometre Array, and demonstrate how splitting the samples in different ways can help improve constraints.
This method is quite general and can be used on different types of tracers to improve knowledge of their luminosity functions. Furthermore, the signal-to-noise of the dipole and octupole peaks on intermediate scales, which means that they can deliver a clean measurement of the magnification bias and evolution bias without contamination from local primordial non-Gaussianities or from systematics on very large scales.
Biodegradation of polyblend polypropylene plastic film with poly(ε-caprolactone) that generated using zirconium bis(β-diketonate) complex catalyst in soil waste media
Authors: Yusuf Muhammad , Nurfajriani  , Siregar Rudi Munzirwan , Rahmah Mawaddatur , Rafsanzani Muhammad Baghery , Reka Lulu Arika
Published: December 2024

Currently, polypropylene (PP) has been widely used for various purposes because of its superior properties, such as being easy to form, meltable, resistant to fat, oil, and corrosion. The uses of PP for daily purposes include containers, bottles, bottle caps, bowls, plastic bags, kitchen utensils, and casing makers. However, PP has the disadvantage of being difficult to degrade. Therefore, we must mix PP with biodegradable polymers like poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL). The goal of this research is to create PP/PCL polyblend which can be biodegraded in soil waste media. The PCL used was obtained from the polymerization of ε-CL with a zirconium bis(β-diketonate) complex catalyst. The mixture of PP and PCL was varied using a solvent with a formulation of 10:0; and 10:4. The addition of PCL to each formulation is carried out to enhance the biodegradability properties of PP/PCL polyblend. The results of the biodegradability test showed that the PP/PCL polyblend degraded faster than pure PP in soil waste media for 60 days.
Spinning up the spool: massive spinning fields in 3d quantum gravity
Authors: Bourne Robert , Castro Alejandra , Fliss Jackson R
Published: December 2024

We show how to incorporate massive spinning fields into the Euclidean path integral of three-dimensional quantum gravity via its Chern–Simons formulation. The coupling of the spinning fields to gravity is captured by a Wilson spool, a collection of Wilson loops winding around closed paths of the geometry, and generalizes the proposal of Castro et al (2023 J. High Energy Phys. JHEP07(2023)120; Phys. Rev. Lett.
131 171602). We present a robust derivation of the Wilson spool by providing a new group-theoretic perspective of the quasinormal mode method for one-loop determinants. We test our proposal on Euclidean BTZ and S
3 backgrounds. We also evaluate explicitly the quantum corrections to the path integral on S
3, and report on how GN
and the mass are renormalized to leading order in perturbation theory.
Effect of pupal cooling on the growth period of pupae, adults, and egg production of Eri Silkworm Samia cynthia ricini
Authors: Nurkomar I , Trisnawati D W , Piyasaengthong N , Triana N H
Published: December 2024

Samia cynthia ricini is a type of silkworm with a high reproductive capacity. Population management is a strategic step that can be taken to carry out mass multiplication activities effectively, efficiently, and support a sustainable production system. Population management can be done by modifying the egg or pupal stages. This research intends to examine the effect of pupal cooling on the growth period of pupae and adults of S. c. ricini and its fecundity. The study was conducted by cooling the pupae of S. c. ricini for 1-7 days at five-degree Celsius. After that, the pupae are maintained at room temperature until they become adults and die. The results showed that cooling time could delay the pupal stage by up to 8 days. However, it does not affect adults’ growth period or fecundity.
The influence of dregs age and addition of decomposer and biochar in the production of palm sugar tree stem dregs as bio-compost
Authors: Sarjiyah  , Aini L N , Hamdani M R
Published: December 2024

The composting process of palm sugar tree stem dregs into bio-compost takes an extended time and produces compost with inconsistent qualities. The duration of burying the palm tree dregs plays a significant role in the time needed for its decomposing process. The current study evaluated the duration of burying (dregs age), decomposer, and biochar in producing palm tree stem dregs into bio-compost. The study employed a Completely Randomized Design in an experimental approach. The dregs maturation level (fresh (MF) and mature (MM)), decomposer application (added (D1) and not (D0)), and biochar addition (added (B1) and not (B0)) were varied to obtain eight treatment groups. Physical (temperature, moisture content, and color) and chemical (total carbon, organic matter, and total nitrogen) were measured in triplicates. The study found no significant effect of dregs age, decomposer, and biochar on the produced compost’s physical attributes. However, shorter compost burial duration, regardless of the decomposer and biochar addition, results in improved chemical characteristics in bio-compost, as evident in the higher total N content.
Anthelmintic potential of Swietenia mahagoni seed waste against Haemonchus contortus in Indonesian small ruminant
Authors: Baihaqi Z A , Anggrahini S , Wulandari  , Sakti A A , Ibrahim A , Putri E M
Published: December 2024

The infection cases of Haemonchus contortus are hindering the productivity of ruminant livestock in Indonesia. This issue is exacerbated by the high incidence of resistance due to the use of chemical drugs. This study aimed to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of aqueous extracts of seed [AES] of S. mahagoni seeds against Haemonchus contortus. Separate petri dishes (50 mm) were prepared with AES of S. mahagoni at concentrations of 0 (control negative), 5 and 10%, alongside albendazole (2 mg/ml) as the positive control. Twenty H. contortus worms were then placed in each dish and incubated at 37°C for 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 12 hours. Mortality of the worms was confirmed by pressing their bodies with tweezers and immersing them in lukewarm water for 5 minutes to ensure death. The time of mortality for each worm was recorded. Subsequently, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the parasites at an accelerating voltage of 15 Kv. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 21.0 software, and descriptive analysis of the standard error of mean was performed. The qualitative analysis of the AES of S. mahagoni revealed the presence of active compounds such as tannin, flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, and steroid, while quantitative analysis showed total phenol content of 11.7 mg GAE/g dw, flavonoid content of 5.3 mg RE/g dw, and total tannin content of 8.9%. The results indicated that the aqueous extract of Swietenia mahagoni seeds exhibited significant anthelmintic activity, achieving 100% mortality in the in vitro test against H. contortus after 6 hours, compared to the positive control which required (2 mg/ml) after 2 hours. SEM analysis revealed damage to the buccal area and cuticle structure of the worms treated with AES of S. mahagoni. The conclusion of this study is that the AES of S. mahagoni successfully kills H. contortus effectively and could serve as a solution to the prevalent issue of resistance.
Atom interferometer as a freely falling clock for time-dilation measurements
Authors: Roura Albert
Published: December 2024

Light-pulse atom interferometers based on single-photon transitions are a promising tool for gravitational-wave detection in the mid-frequency band and the search for ultralight dark-matter fields. Here we present a novel measurement scheme that enables their use as freely falling clocks directly measuring relativistic time-dilation effects. The proposal is particularly timely because it can be implemented with no additional requirements in Fermilab’s MAGIS-100 experiment or even in the 10 m prototypes that are expected to start operating very soon. This will allow the unprecedented measurement of gravitational time dilation in a local experiment with freely falling atoms, which is beyond reach even for the best atomic-fountain clocks based on microwave transitions. The results are supported by a comprehensive treatment of relativistic effects in this kind of interferometer as well as a detailed analysis of the main systematic effects. Furthermore, the theoretical methods developed here constitute a valuable tool for modelling light-pulse atom interferometers based on single-photon transitions in general.
Efficiency improvement and the carbon-reduction effects of transport restructuring in China
Authors: Xiao Wenjun , Wu Dan , Liu Li , Cheng Ziye
Published: December 2024

The growth rate of transportation sector’s carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is rigid, making it difficult to reduce emissions, especially for developing countries. The existing literature has not yet fully investigated the CO2 emissions reduction effect of transportation structural adjustment from the perspective of improving productivity, which is defined by total factor energy efficiency (TFEE) in this study. To close this knowledge gap, we first evaluated the TFEE of the transportation sector as a whole and its sub-sectors in 30 provinces in China from 2013 to 2021 based on the parallel data envelopment analysis (DEA) model and then estimated the energy conservation and emissions reduction potentials brought about by the optimization of the transportation structure based on the Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning (LEAP) model. The main results show: (1) TFEEs vary greatly across sub-sectors and provinces, with provinces performing differently across sub-sectors. (2) Compared with the business-as-usual (BAU) scenario, the structure enhancement (SE) scenario of structural adjustment can cumulatively reduce CO2 emissions by 289.20 Mt by 2030. (3) In the SE scenario, the energy demand will peak in 2026 and the CO2 emissions will peak at 1509.55 MT in 2027. These results indicate that the CO2 reduction from the transportation restructuring (structural effect) can exceed the increase in CO2 emissions following an increase in transportation activity (scale effect) and eventually bring down the total CO2 emissions for the transportation sector, despite the TFEE rankings of the subsector varying across regions. Therefore, policies that value regions with large volumes, a high share of road transport, and well-established infrastructure, can achieve greater potential to reduce carbon emissions.
Bodies Blending
Authors: de Harven Vanessa
Published: December 2024

Chapter 4 offers a thorough rehabilitation of the Stoic theory of blending (krasis di’ holou), the physical mechanism by which the Stoics build their cosmos out of two fundamental bodies, the principles (archai): divine, active reason (logos) and passive matter (hulē). It argues that Stoic blending is committed to the strong colocation of bodies that our sources report and that this is no paradoxical result, as scholars have long thought and sought to avoid, but a perfectly coherent result of the Stoic commitment to body as malleable mass. With varying degrees of rarity and density and an interactive conception of resistance (antitupia) as repercussion and push-back rather than ricochet, Stoic bodies can interpenetrate and coextend completely while remaining intact and independent of each other. This strict colocation of Stoic bodies is a feature, not a bug to be explained away or deflated.
Limits
Authors: de Harven Vanessa
Published: December 2024

Chapter 13 begins the case in support of a third class of Something, what is neither corporeal nor incorporeal, which subsists according to thought (kat’ epinoian). These entities are akin in being pure products of thought, corresponding to nothing in the physical world—there are no geometrical (i.e. perfect) cones or pyramids in the world; nor are there any minutes or seconds in the world, or Fahrenheits, nor centaurs and giants. To be Something according to thought (kat’ epinoian) is to be a social construct, a figment of the imagination that takes on a public life of its own through the words and drawings that depict it, becoming Something about which we can say true and false things. Thus, the evergreen question whether the surfaces of a cut geometrical cone are equal or unequal does not arise for the Stoics, because the cone is neither corporeal nor incorporeal, with no dimensions at all.
The Intuition of Distinctness and Some of Its Manifestations
Authors: Melnyk Andrew
Published: December 2024

This chapter argues that hypothesizing that people have the intuition of distinctness can account for certain otherwise puzzling attitudes manifested in debates both inside and outside philosophy about whether physicalism (or materialism) can accommodate phenomenal properties (or qualia). Specifically, it argues that the intuition of distinctness can plausibly be invoked to explain why some philosophers and non-philosophers take an otherwise inexplicably dismissive or uncomprehending attitude toward physicalism, claiming to find it self-evidently false or unintelligible; why many philosophers experience a second and more widely discussed intuition about phenomenal properties, the intuition of revelation; why many philosophers feel that there is an “explanatory gap” between our physical states and our phenomenal states; and why some philosophers resist powerful objections to standard anti-physicalist arguments (the knowledge argument and the zombie argument) on rather obscure grounds.
Previous Accounts of the Intuition of Distinctness
Authors: Melnyk Andrew
Published: December 2024

This chapter critically examines earlier theories intended to explain, or plausibly regarded as able to explain, consistently with physicalism (or materialism), why we have the intuition of distinctness. We experience the intuition of distinctness when, for example, we attend introspectively to the phenomenal redness of a current visual sensation, and it seems to us that that very property could not literally be a physical property of neural activity in our brain. Though the chapter concludes that none of the theories examined adequately accounts for the intuition of distinctness, it leaves open the possibility that they have something to contribute to accounting for a more general aversion to physicalism about phenomenal properties (or qualia).
Knowledge and ignorance
Authors: Landy Joshua
Published: December 2024

This chapter discusses the picture of knowledge in Proust’s novel. As Proust’s narrator sees it, it is very difficult to get an accurate picture of the world, of other people, or of ourselves. More than that, an accurate picture isn’t always what we want, since our illusions, projections, and subjective distortions are often more valuable to us. In spite of this, there are cases where it helps to know, and some ingenious strategies to let us get closer to the truth: we can use intellect to correct intuition, work back from our own behavior, and take a good look at other people’s style. Could this be effective even when it comes to love?
True self and total self
Authors: Landy Joshua
Published: December 2024

This chapter explores the question of personal identity in Proust. What the narrator is looking for, it suggests, is a self that is “individual, identical, and permanent”: a sense of identity, that is, equipped with a locus of relative distinction, a degree of coherence in a moment, and a measure of wholeness across time. In other words, you need to be the same as yourself, not completely identical to the entire human species, and with a life story that hangs together. This chapter explains why such an achievement would be so important, why it’s so difficult, and how Proust’s narrator thinks we can pull it off, thanks in part to the “true self” and to the magic of narrative. There are plenty of caveats, but the method proposed promises us a genuine sense, albeit partial and provisional, of who we really are.
Why a novel?
Authors: Landy Joshua
Published: December 2024

This chapter explores the question of why, given all his philosophical interests, Proust chose to write a novel and not a treatise. Drawing in part on what Proust’s narrator says about fictional novelist Bergotte, fictional painter Elstir, and fictional composer Vinteuil, it suggests a number of effects the experience of reading In Search of Lost Time can have on us, precisely because it is a novel. We stand, first, to learn about ourselves; second, to gain a clearer feeling of what it’s like to mishear a sound, misperceive a face, remember involuntarily, and meander toward the truth; third, to feel our way into powerful formal models for the shape of our lives; and last but not least, to be trained in some valuable mental habits. As we make our way through this long, beautiful, and complicated novel, with its twists, turns, contradictions, deliberate errors, and intricate sentences, we get practice in storing material under advisement, reasoning probabilistically, revising earlier assessments, and thinking twice. Specific formal devices prompt particular forms of engagement, and those forms of engagement fine-tune our mental capacities. In Search of Lost Time could not have been an article, treatise, or textbook; it had to be a novel.
Chromatographic Separation and Quantification of Nine Nitrosamine Genotoxic Impurities in a Single Method in Nebivolol Tablet by Using Validated Ultra-Sensitive Liquid Chromatography: Mass Spectrometry Analytical Method
Authors: Pathak Mehul , Patel Dhara D , Kumar Dalip , Singh Avineesh , Agrawal Suresh
Published: December 2024

N-nitrosamine impurities have been detected in a vast variety of drug substances and drug products, showing concern for regulatory aspects. To meet the regulatory requirement for the concerned impurity, a sensitive analytical method capable of quantifying these impurities at a lower level with accuracy and precision is required. This article focuses on the development and validation of an analytical method for the simultaneous detection of nine nitrosamine impurities in a single method for nebivolol drug product using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (LC-MS/MS-APCI). The chromatographic separation was performed using the LC-MS column Allure BiPh C18 (250 × 4.6 mm), 5 μm employed a gradient mode elution program using 0.002 M Ammonium acetate buffer pH 4.5 as mobile phase A and methanol as mobile phase B. The method was challenged for accuracy, precision and linearity in accordance with International Council for Harmonization guidelines to ensure its suitability for the intended usage. The developed method was specific, accurate and linear with square of correlation coefficient (r2) found to be greater than 0.99 (0.9970–0.9992). The LOQ obtained in the range of 9.85–19.62 ppb for nine nitrosamines showed good sensitivity. The results demonstrated that method can be applied to quantify the nitrosamines in nebivolol drug products.
The spectrum and prognosis of Sjögren's syndrome with membranous nephropathy
Authors: Qiu Dan-dan , Li Zhi , Wang Jing-jing , Chen Du-qun , Tu Yuan-mao , Liang Shao-shan , Xu Feng , Liang Dan-dan , Zhang Ti , Cheng Zhen
Published: December 2024

Background

This study aims to investigate the spectrum and prognosis of membranous nephropathy (MN) in patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS).

Methods

SS patients with biopsy-proven kidney involvement who were diagnosed at our center between April 2007 and February 2024 were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed.

Results

A total of 290 SS patients with kidney involvement were enrolled. The frequency of MN increased from 16.28% during the 2007–2010 period to 44.05% during the 2021–2024 period. After 2016, MN became the most common renal pathologic type, surpassing tubulointerstitial nephritis. PLA2R antibody or antigen was detected in 74 SS-MN patients, in whom 37 (50%) showed a negative result. Within the PLA2R-negative group, five out of 15 showed positivity for EXT1/EXT2 antigen and one out of eight for THSD7A antigen. Sixty-one SS patients with MN were followed up for >6 months, and 44 (72.13%) of them achieved renal complete remission (CR). Compared with PLA2R-negative patients, PLA2R-positive patients spent a longer time to achieve CR (1.46 ± 1.16 vs. 0.74 ± 0.47 years, P = .015) and had a higher rate of progression to the renal endpoint (8/32 vs. 1/29, P = .028). After adjusting for age, proteinuria, and eGFR, Cox regression analysis showed that PLA2R positivity remained a risk factor for CR [HR = 0.511, 95% CI (0.262 to 0.998), P = .049].

Conclusions

MN has become the predominant renal pathologic type in SS. PLA2R-positivity testing followed by EXT1/EXT2 and THSD7A testing is recommended for SS-MN patients. Although most patients can achieve renal CR, the prognosis is usually poor in PLA2R-positive SS-MN patients.
Health outcomes in chronic kidney disease patients with cognitive impairment or dementia: a global collaborative analysis
Authors: Merlino Lino , Rainone Francesco , Chinnadurai Rajkumar , Hernandez Gema , Tollitt James , Battini Graziana G , Colombo Paolo M , Trivelli Marco , Stewart Stuart , Dunne Ross A , Kalra Philip A
Published: December 2024

Background and hypothesis

Mild cognitive impairment and dementia (CI) are common in patients with CKD. We aim to clarify whether and how CKD and CI coexistence increases adverse health outcomes.

Methods

This retrospective observational cohort study was conducted on CKD patients (stages 3–5) from the TriNetX platform. CKD patients with and without pre-existing CI were included from 115 healthcare organizations, and their outcomes were compared. The two cohorts were propensity score matched (PSM) for age, sex, ethnicity, comorbidities, BMI, blood parameters, and medications. The proportional hazard assumption was tested with a 95% confidence interval. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to calculate survival probability. Outcomes were included from 1 day after the CKD diagnosis until 10 years afterwards.

Results

We identified 533 772 CKD patients, and 8184 had co-existent CI. Two cohorts of 8170 PSM patients each were generated. The mean age was 60.5 ± 7.0 years and the eGFR was 52.1±19 mL/min. Mean follow-up was 23.2 months. CKD patients with CI had higher all-cause mortality (18.5% vs 12.6%), higher risk of cerebrovascular disease (11.3% vs 6.9%), transient cerebral ischemic attacks (2.7% vs 1.6%), hypotension (16.5%–12.5%), malnutrition (6.7% vs 4.0%), pneumonia (10.7% vs 7.9%), urinary infections (13.2% vs 9.3%), encephalopathy (9.9% vs 5.0%), mood disorders (13.6% vs 9.7%), psychosis (9.8% vs 4.6%), and epilepsy (4.3% vs 1.5%). Higher use of antidepressants (26.3% vs 16.3%), anticonvulsants (19.5% vs 15.1%), antipsychotics (18.6% vs 9.1%), anticholinesterase (5.6% vs 0.1%), and benzodiazepines (30.6% vs 26.6%) was noted in those with CI. All these findings were statistically significant.

Conclusion

Despite the limitations of a retrospective study, real-world data demonstrate that concomitant CI is a decisive risk factor for higher mortality and increased adverse outcomes in patients with CKD. These results highlight the need for routine comprehensive cognitive assessments in patients at any stage of CKD.
Algorithm for solving quantum linear systems of equations with coherent superposition and extended applications
Authors: Xia Qiqing , Zhu Qianru , Xie Huiqin , Yang Li
Published: December 2024

Many quantum algorithms for attacking symmetric cryptography involve the rank problem of quantum linear equations. In this paper, two quantum algorithms are proposed to solve quantum linear systems of equations with coherent superposition, and their specific quantum circuits are constructed. In contrast to previous related studies, our quantum algorithms are universal, computing both the rank and general solution by one measurement. The difference between them is whether the data register containing the quantum coefficient matrix can be disentangled from the other registers while keeping the data qubits unchanged. On this basis, the two quantum algorithms are applied as subroutines to parallel Simon’s algorithm (with multiple periods), Grover Meets Simon algorithm, and Alg-PolyQ2 algorithm. Subsequently, a quantum classifier within Grover Meets Simon algorithm and a detailed test oracle within Alg-PolyQ2 algorithms are constructed, including their respective quantum circuits. To the best of our knowledge, no such specific analysis has been previously performed. The success probability of these algorithms is rigorously analyzed to ensure that the probability of success on the proposed quantum algorithms will not be lower than that of the original algorithms. Finally, we discuss the lower bound of the number of controlled-NOT gates for solving quantum linear systems of equations with coherent superposition. Our analysis indicates that the proposed algorithms are suitable for conducting attacks against lightweight symmetric ciphers within the effective working time of an ion-trap quantum computer.
Genetic resonance: dissecting the heritability and genetic correlations of human hearing acuity
Authors: Duran Jerry A , Watkins W Scott , Neklason Deborah W , Jorde Lynn B
Published: December 2024

This study presents a frequency-specific, pedigree-based assessment of hearing acuity heritability. We analysed 34 Utah Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH) pedigrees comprising 464 individuals, using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and audiometric evaluations. Our analysis reveals a general decline in narrow-sense heritability as frequency increases. When calculated using the Sequential Oligogenic Linkage Analysis Routines (SOLAR) software package, narrow-sense heritability estimates drop from 51% at 250 Hz to 30% at 8000 Hz. Genetic correlations (Rho(G)), the degree to which genetic variation in one trait correlates with another, are higher for hearing acuity at similar frequencies. For example, Rho(G) between 250 and 500 Hz is 0.80, and Rho(G) between 6000 and 8000 Hz is 0.91. In contrast, frequencies distant from each other exhibit decreased Rho(G) with a genetic correlation of only 0.21 for hearing acuity at frequencies 250 and 8000 Hz. This assessment of the genetics underlying hearing acuity in a family-based design provides new details of genetic factors influencing hearing acuity in a frequency-specific approach.
Robust sex determination in the Caenorhabditis nigoni germ line
Authors: Harbin Jonathan P , Shen Yongquan , Lin Shin-Yi , Kemper Kevin , Haag Eric S , Schwarz Erich M , Ellis Ronald E
Published: December 2024

Sexual characteristics and reproductive systems are dynamic traits in many taxa, but the developmental modifications that allow change and innovation are largely unknown. A leading model for this process is the evolution of self-fertile hermaphrodites from male/female ancestors. However, these studies require direct analysis of sex determination in male/female species, as well as in the hermaphroditic species that are related to them. In Caenorhabditis nematodes, this has only become possible recently, with the discovery of new species. Here, we use gene editing to characterize major sex determination genes in Caenorhabditis nigoni, a sister to the widely studied hermaphroditic species Caenorhabditis briggsae. These 2 species are close enough to mate and form partially fertile hybrids. First, we find that tra-1 functions as the master regulator of sex in C. nigoni, in both the soma and the germ line. Surprisingly, these mutants make only sperm, in contrast to tra-1 mutants in related hermaphroditic species. Moreover, the XX mutants display a unique defect in somatic gonad development that is not seen elsewhere in the genus. Second, the fem-3 gene acts upstream of tra-1 in C. nigoni, and the mutants are females, unlike in the sister species C. briggsae, where they develop as hermaphrodites. This result points to a divergence in the role of fem-3 in the germ line of these species. Third, tra-2 encodes a transmembrane receptor that acts upstream of fem-3 in C. nigoni. Outside of the germ line, tra-2 mutations in all species cause a similar pattern of partial masculinization. However, heterozygosity for tra-2 does not alter germ cell fates in C. nigoni, as it can in sensitized backgrounds of 2 hermaphroditic species of Caenorhabditis. Finally, the epistatic relationships point to a simple, linear germline pathway in which tra-2 regulates fem-3 which regulates tra-1, unlike the more complex relationships seen in hermaphrodite germ cell development. Taking these results together, the regulation of sex determination is more robust and streamlined in the male/female species C. nigoni than in related species that make self-fertile hermaphrodites, a conclusion supported by studies of interspecies hybrids using sex determination mutations. Thus, we infer that the origin of self-fertility not only required mutations that activated the spermatogenesis program in XX germ lines, but prior to these there must have been mutations that decanalized the sex determination process, allowing for subsequent changes to germ cell fates.
Assessing the Feasibility and Efficacy of Virtual Reality Navigational Training for Older Adults
Authors: Xu Tong Bill , Mostafavi Armin , Boot Walter R , Czaja Sara , Kalantari Saleh
Published: December 2024

Background and Objectives

This study evaluates the feasibility of virtual reality (VR) wayfinding training with aging adults and assesses the impact of the training on wayfinding performance.

Research Design and Methods

49 participants were recruited using a convenience sample approach. Wayfinding tasks were conducted by 3 participant groups: active VR training, passive video training, and no training, assigned randomly. The training featured 5 tasks in a digital version of a real building. Post-training assessments used 10 tasks in this same building, half of the tasks familiar from the training and half new. The study was double-blinded, with each intervention lasting 10 min. The primary outcomes include the Distance Traveled and Duration for each wayfinding task, with a fixed 10-min limit.

Results

Participants in the VR group reported moderate usability and a high sense of Self Location in the environment with respect to the training intervention. No significant differences were found in performance for the first group of similar wayfinding tasks; however, in the subsequent set of new tasks the VR group significantly outperformed the Control group. This suggests a possible spatial learning effect across multiple exposures (VR training followed by similar task). No adverse effects were reported during or post intervention.

Discussion and Implications

This study provides preliminary evidence that VR training can help to improve wayfinding performance in older adults with no reported adverse effects.
Effective governance of marine recreational fisheries in Europe is needed to maximize the societal benefits of its fisheries
Authors: Grati Fabio , Hyder Kieran , Mugerza Estanis , Arlinghaus Robert , Baudrier Jerome , Bell Brigid , Bolognini Luca , De Groote Annica I , Diogo Hugo , Haase Kevin , Pita Pablo , Potts Warren , Radford Zachary , Regimbart Amelie , Scanu Martina , Skov Christian , Ustups Didzis , Verleye Thomas , Vølstad Jon Helge , Weltersbach Marc Simon , Strehlow Harry V
Published: December 2024

Marine recreational fishing (MRF) is a socially and economically relevant fishing activity in Europe, but its impacts on ecosystems and the economy remain poorly understood, and management is limited. This paper evaluates the current European fisheries governance, particularly the Common Fisheries Policy, in addressing MRF issues. Our evaluation highlights the lack of explicit recognition of MRF in European Union legislation, where recreational fisheries are not or insufficiently managed within a commercial fisheries-oriented policy framework. We recommend policy reform that explicitly recognizes recreational fisheries as a distinct fisheries sector with its own interests, values and objectives, and dynamics that differ from those typical in commercial fisheries. On the operational level, we recommend involving key organizations representing MRF interests in advisory groups dealing with marine fisheries, nature conservation, and marine spatial use, and encourage sustainable fishing practices among all types of fisheries. To achieve this, there is a need for better and more comprehensive data collection, stakeholder engagement, and outreach to support effective MRF governance and management. By addressing these issues, Europe can maximize the benefits of MRF, while ensuring the sustainability of fisheries.