bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Waste-derived substrates in vertical-flow constructed wetlands for an efficient removal of high-concentration heavy metals
Authors: Rabbi Fahim Muntasir , Hasan Md. Kamrul , Rahman Md. Alinur , Islam Md. Salamoon , Shohugh Pramit Kumar , Ahmed Md. Istiak , Khan Md. Washim , Rafi Tanvir , Rahman Mohammad Mahfuzur , Rahaman Md. Hasibur , Zhai Jun
Published: December 2024

Contamination by heavy metals (HMs) in aquatic ecosystems is a worldwide issue. Therefore, a feasible solution is crucial for underdeveloped and developing countries. Waste-derived materials (WDMs) exhibit unique physical and chemical properties that promote diverse mechanisms for the removal of HMs in constructed wetlands (CWs). In this study, we aimed to report the removal efficiency of HMs of vertical-flow constructed wetland (VFCW) systems using different WDMs, such as clinker brick (Jhama), eggshells, and date palm fiber (DPF). Synthetic wastewater with high concentrations (3.3–61.8) mg/L of HMs (As, Cr, Cd, Pb, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Ni) was applied to the systems followed by 3 days of hydraulic retention time. The results demonstrate that removal efficiencies of HMs ranged between 94.8 and 98.7% for DPF, 95.4–98.5% for eggshells, and 79.9–92.9% for the Jhama-filled CWs, while the gravel-based systems were capable of 73–87.6% removal. Two macrophytes, Canna indica and Hymenocallis littoralis were planted in the CWs and exhibited significant accumulation of HMs in their roots. The study reports that WDMs are effective for concentrated HM removal in CWs, and macrophytes demonstrate significant phytoremediation capabilities. The findings of this study will facilitate the economically feasible and efficient design of CWs for effectively treating concentrated HMs in wastewater.
Removal of dissolved organic matter in road runoff with sludge-based filters from the drinking water treatment plant
Authors: Du Xiaoli , Jing Wenhui , Jiang Rongying , Chen Mengyao , Liu Dianwei
Published: December 2024

Road runoff underwent treatment using a filter filled with sludge from drinking water treatment plants to assess its capacity for removing dissolved organic matter (DOM). This evaluation utilized resin fractionation, gel permeation chromatography, three-dimensional excitation–emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy, and UV–Visible spectroscopy. The filter demonstrated enhanced efficiency in removing dissolved organic carbon, achieving removal rates between 70 and 80%. It effectively targeted macromolecular DOM components present in road runoff, with hydrophobic organic compounds showing higher removal rates than hydrophilic ones. Additionally, acidic and neutral organic substances were preferentially removed over basic organic compounds. Fluorescent substances identified in road runoff DOM included fulvic acid-like, humic acids, and protein-like substances, all of which exhibited significantly reduced intensities in fluorescence peaks after filtration. Furthermore, filtration led to a decrease in the aromatization and humification of runoff DOM due to the effective removal of aromatic compounds and macromolecular structural components.
Development of the russian sphere of small, medium-sized enterprises and self-employed and its state support at the federal and regional levels in emergency conditions
Authors: Vilenskiy A. V.
Published: December 2024

Support for small, medium-sized enterprises and self-employed is an essential tool of the state policy of countering crisis phenomena, ensuring socio-economic development. The article discusses the results of the impact of the accelerated expansion of the system of state support for small, medium-sized enterprises and self-employed in Russia in recent years under emergency conditions on the dynamics of the development of their constituent groups: small, medium, individual entrepreneurship, as well as the self-employed. The latter are officially, by law - not entrepreneurs. But they, their numbers, are usually considered in official Russian documents, including statistical materials, as a common whole with small and medium-sized enterprises. The object of the study is both these groups (small and medium-sized enterprises plus self-employed) and the system of their support in its current form. The accelerated growth of employment in the group of small and medium entrepreneurship, in the group of self-employed people observed in our country is due to significant improvements in the system of their state support. The breakthrough in the formation and expansion of this system of support is due to the increased attention of the state to these spheres as effective means of counteracting crisis processes, damping economic and social failures. This increased attention is due to the extremely difficult situation in the economy of the country and its regions. It is noteworthy that the system of state support for small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as the self-employed, takes into account the specifics of each of the country's regional economies.
Russia’s budget system in 2024. preliminary results and emerging trends
Authors: Lykova L. N. , Bukina I. S.
Published: December 2024

The revenues of all components of the Russian budget system showed positive growth rates in January-September 2024. Revenues to the federal budget have increased most significantly, both from oil and gas and non-oil and gas revenues. The pronounced dependence of federal budget revenues on world oil prices remains, provoking the budget execution risks.  The growth rate of revenues of the consolidated (enlarged) budget of the country lagged behind the growth of federal budget revenues, but outpaced the rate of inflation. The excess of last year’s values in real terms occurred both in terms of tax revenues, social insurance premiums and other taxes and fees. Compared to last year, the receipts of practically all taxes have increased. The exception is budget revenues from corporate income tax, which have decreased even by nominal values. Regional budget revenues increased only in nominal terms. Here, against the background of nominal growth of own income, there was an absolute reduction in intergovernmantal transfers. The drop in regional budget revenues from corporate income tax in many regions of the Russian Federation was not offset by an increase in personal income tax revenues. The dynamics of expenditures of the components of the budget system in the first 9 months of the year also outstripped inflation.
Patent ductus arteriosus in capybaras (Hydrocoaerus hydrochaeris) – a case report
Authors: Kotleski Thomaz de Lima Andressa , Cunha Flavio , Antonio Ferraro Rego Mario , Rocha Yanai Priscila , Augusto Justo Andre , Predello Franco Rodrigo , Claudio Lopes Correia da Silva Luis , Renata Gaido Cortopassi Silvia
Published: December 2024

The ductus arteriosus (DA) is an arterial connection between the pulmonary arteries and the aorta and is essential during the fetal life of mammals. Minutes after birth, this duct begins to close, however, when this does not happen, blood flow remains, which characterizes the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Patients with PDA can present significant hemodynamic alterations, such as ventricular systolic dysfunction and congestive heart failure. However, they can live with this heart disease without any clinical signs, depending on the size of the duct, blood flow volume, and pressure between arteries. Currently, this is one of the most common congenital heart diseases among dogs, however it had never been reported among capybaras. Thus, the objective of the present study was to report the occurrence of PDA in a female, 1 year-old, 40.1-kg, free-living capybara. The animal underwent chemical restraint using dexmedetomidine (8.72 mcg/kg) and ketamine (7.48 mg/kg), intramuscularly. After restraint, the animal presented a heart frequency of 67 bpm, regular rhythm, invasive systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure of 105/92/77mmHg, respectively, and the echocardiographic examination showed the presence of a continuous turbulent flow within the pulmonary artery, with maximum velocity of 3.90 m/s and a pressure gradient of 60.96 mmHg, from left to right, which characterized the presence of a classic aorta-pulmonary PDA. Given that this was a free-living animal that did not present cardiac remodeling, nor alterations related to the PDA regarding the parameters of the echocardiographic examination, no intervention was conducted.
Exploring New Structures of Kinase Inhibitors and Multitarget Strategies in Alzheimer's Disease Treatment
Authors: Tripathi Siddhant , Sharma Yashika , Kumar Dileep
Published: December 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatments currently available have ineffective results. Previously
employed Acetylcholine esterase inhibitors and memantine, an NMDA receptor antagonist,
target a single target structure that plays a complex role in the multifactorial progression of disease.
Memantine moderates the toxic effects of excessive glutamate activity by blocking NMDA
receptors, which decreases neurotoxicity in AD, while acetylcholine esterase inhibitors function
by blocking cholinergic receptors (muscarinic and nicotinic), preventing the breakdown of acetylcholine,
thereby enhancing cholinergic transmission, thus improving cognitive functions in mild
to moderate stages of AD. Every drug class targets a distinct facet of the intricate pathophysiology
of AD, indicating the diverse strategy required to counteract the advancement of this neurodegenerative
disorder. Thus, patients are currently not getting much benefit from current drugs. A closer
look at the course of AD revealed several potential target structures for future drug discovery. AD
drug development strategies focus on developing new target structures in addition to well-established
ones for combination treatment regimens, ideally with a single drug that can target two different
target structures. Because of their roles in AD progression pathways like pathologic tau protein
phosphorylations as well as amyloid β toxicity, protein kinases have been identified as potential
targets. This review will give a quick rundown of the first inhibitors of single protein kinases,
such as glycogen synthase kinase (gsk3) β, along with cyclin-dependent kinase 5. We will also
look into novel inhibitors that target recently identified protein kinases in Alzheimer's disease,
such as dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A). Additionally,
multitargeting inhibitors, which target multiple protein kinases as well as those thought to be involved
in other processes related to AD will be discussed. This kind of multitargeting offers
prospective hope for improved patient outcomes down the road since it is the most effective way
to impede multifactorial disease development.
Actinomycetes: A Source of Anticancer Metabolites
Authors: Kabilan Muralidharan , Duraipandiyan Veeramuthu , Paul Prince , Jakson Amalraj
Published: December 2024

Microbes in general, actinomycetes in particular, produce a wide range of
antibiotics with various biological activities such as anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory,
antituberculosis and enzyme inhibition. Actinomycetes are filamentous
gram-positive bacteria found in both terrestrial and marine environments. Currently,
antibiotics such as Rifamycin, Tetracycline, Kanamycin, Neomycin, Streptomycin and
Clavulanic acid derived from actinobacteria are highly useful in the medical field. Out
of these biological activities, we need to explore the anticancer activity of various compounds
isolated from different actinomycetes since cancer is a deadly disease and it is
very common now a day. There are no proper medications for cancer treatment to date.
The identification of a drug candidate for cancer treatment will be a striking and lifesaving
achievement. Many more research activities must be done in this field. Many
molecules have been used as chemotherapeutic agents reported from actinobacteria used
for cancer treatment. In this review, various anticancer compounds isolated from the
crude extracts of different marine and soil actinomycetes have been reported from
2000-2022. The aim of this review is to summarize and consolidate the anticancer and
cytotoxic compounds isolated from the actinomycetes (from different locations) to encourage
the scientific community to concentrate more on this field, which will serve
good for mankind.
The Relationship between Alzheimer's Disease and Ferroptosis: A Bibliometric Study Based on Citespace
Authors: Lin Fengwen , Yang Xiaolu , Li Linqin , Chen Jie , Zheng Xuxiang , Qiu Lihua , Shi Shaorui , Nie Bin
Published: December 2024

Background:

The potential relationship between Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and ferroptosis
has received considerable attention, yet there is no comprehensive visualization analysis in
this field. This study aimed to explore the research frontiers and hotspots through bibliometric
analysis.

Methods:

Literature related to AD and ferroptosis was collected from the Web of Science Core
Collection. Data, including countries, authors, institutions, journals, and keywords, were analyzed
by Tableau Public Desktop and Citespace software.

Results:

A total of 305 articles published between January 1st, 2013, and December 31st, 2023,
were included, and the number of articles on the relationship between AD and ferroptosis has increased
annually, with the largest number reported from China (162 articles). The articles from
Professor SJ Dixon were cited most frequently. Among the top ten most cited articles, four were
published in top journals. The University of Melbourne emerged as the institution with the highest
number of publications (27 articles). Among the journals, most of the articles were published in
Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience (13 articles, accounting for 4.26%). The co-occurrence analysis
of keywords revealed that major hotspots in this field contained oxidative stress, cell death, and
lipid peroxidation. Keyword burst analysis indicated that antioxidant was the term with the
longest duration of high interest, while clustering analysis showed that this research area primarily
focused on amyloid precursor protein, drug development, and diagnostic models.

Conclusion:

Bibliometric analyses were conducted to comprehensively present the research
progress and trends on the relationship between AD and ferroptosis, providing valuable evidence
for future research in related fields.
Medicinal Plants Facilitate the Recovery of Diabetic Foot Ulcer by Regulating Macrophages: Latest Evidence and Insights
Authors: Mo Hongping , Ye Zhen , Wen Xudong , Pan Tao , Chen Zejun , Ye Qiaobo
Published: December 2024

Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU) is a major complication of diabetes that mostly affects the
lower extremities, with a high incidence and recurrence rate in approximately 15% of patients
with diabetes. The complexity of diabetic wounds poses a substantial challenge for clinical recovery,
underscoring the need to investigate novel therapeutic approaches. Medicinal plants have
been used to treat ulcers for centuries. Recently, there has been a growing focus on the development
of topical preparations derived from medicinal plants that target macrophages as an adjuvant
therapy for DFU. Macrophages have been identified as crucial factors in the DFU healing process.
This review aims to introduce the latest evidence and insights into the role of medicinal plants in
promoting DFU recovery by targeting macrophages. The molecular mechanisms underlying the
preventive effects of medicinal plants on DFU primarily involve promoting M2 polarization of
macrophages, inhibition of M1 polarization, and regulation of macrophage function. This review
highlights the substantial potential of advancing the field of DFU management by medicinal
plants and lays the groundwork for novel therapeutic interventions.
CNVviso: Visualisation Solution for Copy Number Variation Data from Ultra-Low Coverage Whole-Genome Sequencing and Preimplantation Genetic Testing
Authors: Huu An Nguyen , Hong Nhung Trinh Thi , Bich Huong Bui , Quang Tien Vuong , Pham Dung Tien , Thi Hoi Le
Published: December 2024

Background:

CNVviso is a web-based NGS data visualization tool designed to be userfriendly
for medical researchers who desire visualization-based analysis of large amounts of data
with no-code technology.

Objective:

Unlike small tools that require extensive programming skills, CNVviso is designed to
minimize hard coding and repetitive operations for ultra-low coverage whole-genome sequencing
data from preimplantation genetic testing.

Methods:

CNVviso was completely programmed and developed based on the R programming language
and Shiny framework. CNVviso source code is available for download under the MIT Licence
from https://github.com/Anegin24/CNVviso.

Result:

The execution architecture of CNVviso allows users to input CNV data, which is then automatically
visualized as graphs.

Conclusion:

The charts display output of CNVviso are lively and interactive, enabling users to exploit
the information effectively. The tool also provides tabular results containing aggregated information.
Review: Solid Dispersion Formulation Methods and Applications in Drug Delivery
Authors: Sihag Neelam , Bahmani Kavita , Grewal Samiksha , Tanwar Rajni , Rani Nisham , Malik Jyoti , Devi Sunita
Published: December 2024

About 44% of the active medicinal components in all previously disclosed
chemical units are hydrophobic and do not extend shop because of their limited water
solubility. One of the factors limiting the rate at which oral medications can reach the
appropriate concentration in the systemic circulation for pharmacological action is their
solubility. Our medical preparation scientists and researchers are constantly surrounded
by issues relating to drug release, drug targeting, solubility, overdosing, permeability and
bioavailability. Thus, creating or improving frameworks for drug delivery is a territory of
ongoing research. Solid dispersion, micronization, salt formation, are some of the vital
methods usually employed to improve the solubility of poorly soluble drugs, but each
method has some drawbacks and benefits. This review focuses on different methods of
improving drug solubility in order to lower the proportion of medication candidates that
are removed from development due to poor solubility. The popular solution for all problems
related to aspects of solubility and in-vitro release rate of certain poorly watersoluble
drugs, is solid dispersion. Solid dispersions smear the standard to drug release
via producing a combination of a poorly water-soluble API and greatly soluble
coformers. The solid dispersion method has been commonly used to increase the in-vitro
drug release, solubility, and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. The focus of
this review paper is on carriers, BCS classification, and solubility. This page also summarizes
some of the most current technological advancements and offers a variety of
preparation methods for solid dispersion. The various solid dispersions were highlighted
according to their molecular configuration and carrier type. It also provides an overview
of the solid dispersion methodologies and their mechanics, as well as the marketed medications
that can be made utilizing them.
Preparation and Characterization of Fe3O4-Modified Graphene Oxide as Heat Transfer Additive for Paraffin Wax Applications
Authors: Wang Shuo , Jia Li , Dang Chao , Ren Honglei , chen Zhifeng , Wang Huiming , Jia H.W.
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

In phase change thermal management systems, the development of magnetic
phase change materials offers the possibility of effectively integrating passive and active heat
control technologies. The low dispersibility of traditional heat transfer additives, the high interfacial
thermal resistance with phase change matrices, and the restricted magnetic response characteristics
are some of the current problems that must be resolved.

Methods:

To overcome these challenges, this study employed a co-precipitation method to composite
magnetic nanoparticles Fe3O4 with graphene oxide (GO). The active sites on GO were functionalized
with alkyl groups to prepare Fe3O4-modified graphene oxide (Fe3O4-MGO)/paraffin
magnetic composite phase change materials. The morphology, structure, chemical composition, and
thermal properties of the resulting magnetic composite phase change materials were tested and
characterized.

Results:

The results indicated that Fe3O4-MGO exhibits good dispersibility in paraffin, which can
enhance the thermal conductivity of the phase change material. The thermal conductivity of the
composite phase change material with a Fe3O4-MGO mass fraction of 2.0% was measured to be
0.461 W/m·K, representing a 47.3% increase compared to pure paraffin. Additionally, Fe3O4-MGO
demonstrated a certain phase change capability, with a phase change enthalpy reaching 70.35 kJ/kg.

Conclusion:

The findings of this study are expected to provide technical support for innovative applications
of magnetic-controlled phase change thermal management.
A Scopic Review on Niosomes: Current Status of Approved Products and their Application in Cosmetics
Authors: Kumar Gaurav , Saxena Sumedha
Published: December 2024

Background:

Niosomes have emerged as a promising vesicular drug delivery technol-ogy due to their applications in the pharmaceutical and cosmetics sectors. Their unique properties, including their amphiphilic characteristics and ability to self-assemble, make them highly adapta-ble for encapsulating both hydrophilic and lipophilic substances.

Objective:

The current study aims to provide a concise description of previously published data on the usage and applications of niosomes in cosmetics. It also seeks to conduct a thorough as-sessment of this data, focusing on their composition, production methods, and performance-related variables.

Methods:

This review examines the makeup and arrangement of niosomes, with particular atten-tion to their amphiphilic properties and self-assembly capabilities. The analysis includes various cosmetic applications of niosomes, exploring their role in delivering different cosmetic ingredi-ents such as antioxidants, vitamins, and peptides.

Results:

Niosomes have been effectively used in various cosmetic products, including skincare, haircare, and color cosmetics. They facilitate the delivery of active ingredients in anti-aging creams, moisturizers, sunscreen products, hair conditioners, and face washes. The ability of nio-somes to encapsulate diverse substances enhances the performance and efficacy of these cosmetic products.

Conclusion:

Niosomes represent a versatile and effective delivery system in the cosmetics indus-try. Their capacity to encapsulate both hydrophilic and lipophilic substances makes them suitable for a wide range of cosmetic applications, significantly improving the delivery and performance of cosmetic ingredients across different product categories.
Lightweight Research on Fatigue Driving Face Detection Based on YOLOv8
Authors: Yin Lifeng , Ding Ziyuan
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

With the rapid development of society, motor vehicles have become
one of the main means of transportation. However, as the number of motor vehicles continues
to increase, traffic safety accidents also continue to appear, bringing serious threats to people's
lives, and property safety. Fatigue driving is one of the important causes of traffic safety accidents.

Method:

To address this problem, a target detection algorithm called VA-YOLO is designed to
improve the speed and accuracy of facial recognition for fatigue checking. The algorithm employs
a lightweight backbone network, VanillaNet, instead of the traditional backbone network,
which reduces the computational and parametric quantities of the model. The SE attention
mechanism is also introduced to enhance the model's attention to the target features, which
further improves the accuracy of target detection. Finally, in terms of the bounding box regression
loss function, the SIoU loss function is used to reduce the error.

Result:

The experimental results show that, compared toYolov8n, the VA-YOLO algorithm
improves the accuracy by 1.3% while the number of parameters decreases by 30%.

Conclusion:

This shows that the VA-YOLO algorithm has a significant advantage in realizing
the balance between the number of parameters and accuracy, which is important for improving
the speed and accuracy of fatigue driving detection.
Fermatean Fuzzy MOORA-based Approach for Hazard Analysis in An Aluminium Company
Authors: Toptancı Şura , Neval İnal Adle
Published: December 2024

Introduction/Objective:

Hazard analysis as one of the main study subjects in ergo-nomics and occupational health and safety (OHS) risk assessment is a critical requirement for ensuring the health and safety of workers in work environments. Current hazard analysis ap-proaches in the literature may have some shortcomings. This study aims to provide more relia-ble assessments in the hazard analysis process by overcoming the shortcomings of classical ap-proaches.

Methods:

This study proposes a new hazard analysis approach based on the integration of the Fermatean Fuzzy set and the multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method MOORA.

Results:

The proposed approach is used to perform a hazard analysis of a company operating in the metal industry, which is one of the sectors where occupational accidents and occupational diseases most often occur. As a result of the application, the hazards and associated risks in the aluminum metal company are prioritized.

Conclusion:

This study provides an advanced risk assessment technique for ergonomists and OHS professionals to make better decisions in hazard analysis studies.
Development of Ascorbic Acid and Ferulic Acid-Loaded Anti-Aging Liposomal Gel
Authors: Neopane Deepa , Singh Aditya , Ansari Vaseem Ahamad , Ahsan Farogh
Published: December 2024

Aim:

The present study aimed to formulate and evaluate ascorbic acid and ferulic acidcontaining
liposomal gel for treating skin aging.

Method:

In this study, the thin film hydration technique was employed to create liposomes containing
phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol that were stimulated with ascorbic acid and ferulic
acid. The produced liposomes were evaluated for stability, zeta potential, and size, and liposomal
gel was evaluated for spreadability, viscosity, and in vitro drug release.

Results and Discussion:

The optimized liposomes had a zeta potential of (-49) mV, a Polydispersity
Index (PDI) of (0.488), a particle size of 1028 nm, and an entrapment efficiency of
(90.20) %. On the other hand, the spreadability of liposomal gel was determined as 5.86 cm, and
the percentage of drug release was recorded as 96.6%.

Conclusion:

To achieve a stable liposomal formulation, it was discovered that the preparation of
liposomes containing ascorbic acid and ferulic acid and then dispensing it in the form of liposomal
gel was an effective method. After a thorough assessment of liposomes and liposomal gel, it was
determined that the latter might be effectively employed as a topical gel to treat aging skin.
Ayurvedic Approaches to Managing Premature Greying of Hair: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Balkrishna Acharya , Singh Shalini , Mishra Shalini , Rana Maneesha , Mishra Rajesh Kumar , Rajput Satyendra Kumar , Arya Vedpriya , Kumar Ashwani
Published: December 2024

Premature Greying of Hair (PGH) is attributed to reduced melanin levels and melanocyte
degeneration, with conventional chemical treatments often linked to serious health risks,
such as cancer and nephrotoxicity. This review introduces Ayurvedic remedies as a novel, natural
approach for PGH, targeting the condition by rebalancing Bhrājaka Pitta. Central to this approach
is the innovative Vedic plant taxonomy, a unique classification system based on ancient principles
that ensures precise identification of Ayurvedic herbs, significantly advancing the accuracy and
effectiveness of plant-based therapies for hair pigmentation. Major herbs like Bhṛñgarāja (Eclipta
prostrata), Yaṣṭimadhu (Glycyrrhiza glabra), Āmrāsthi (Mangifera indica), Vibhītakī (Terminalia
bellirica), Japākusuma (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis), and many others mentioned in classical texts for
their ability to stimulate melanogenesis, strengthen hair follicles, and restore pigmentationare
highlighted for their distinctive therapeutic properties. Integrating Vedic taxonomy with Ayurveda’s
holistic remedies establishes a groundbreaking framework for PGH treatment and sets
these natural therapies apart from conventional options. By enabling accurate plant identification,
Vedic taxonomy facilitates the seamless integration of traditional plant knowledge into modern
scientific frameworks, serving as a transformative tool for researchers and taxonomists. With rising
interest in natural alternatives, these ancient Ayurvedic solutions, rich in active compounds
such as alkaloids and flavonoids, offer a safe, effective, and innovative approach to PGH management.
This review, thus, positions Vedic taxonomy and Ayurvedic remedies at the forefront
of cosmetic science, bridging timeless wisdom with therapeutic innovation to redefine hair care.
Investigating the Level of Knowledge of Nurses Working in Educational Hospitals of Ilam about COVID-19 in Iran
Authors: Shohani Masoumeh , Kafashian Mohamadreza , Tavan Hamed
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Since nurses are responsible for caring of patients, increasing their
knowledge will lead to better care. Here, we measured nurses’ COVID-19 knowledge in the teaching
hospitals of Ilam.

Materials and Methods:

In this study, descriptive-analytical approach was used for data collection
using a self-assessment questionnaire including demographic information and 12 questions about
nurses' knowledge of COVID-19 disease. The data were collected in May 2020 and analyzed by
SPSS 19 software. The significance level was considered at P <0.05.

Results:

Overall, 134 (72.4%) and 51 (27.6%) of the participants were males and females, respectively.
The mean score of knowledge about COVID-19 disease was 6.04± 0.45. Nearly half of the
nurses (45.4%) had good knowledge on the source of the disease, signs and symptoms, transmission
routes, and progression and mortality rate of COVID-19.

Conclusion:

Most of the nurses had intermediate knowledge about COVID-19. However, it is essential
for the Ministry of Health to provide accurate and coherent information according to the WHO
guidelines.
Development of Anthocyanin Fortified Black Rice Based Sandesh: A Comparative Study with White Rice Sandesh on Physical Characteristics, Sensory Attributes, Nutritional Quality, and Antioxidant Capacity
Authors: Kazi Nourin , Patel Vinayak H. , Nandi Anindita
Published: December 2024

Introduction/ Objective:

Black rice (Oryza sativa L. indica) is rich in anthocyanins and
flavonoids, offering the potential to fortify Sandesh, a traditional dairy sweet, as a functional food.
This study aims to develop anthocyanin-fortified black rice Sandesh and compare its proximate
composition, physical properties, sensory attributes, nutritional quality, antioxidant capacity, and
shelf-life with white rice Sandesh.

Method:

Black rice Sandesh was prepared by incorporating black rice flour at 10% (BRFS-1), 15%
(BRFS-2), and 20% (BRFS-3) into channa, while the control used 10% white rice. Both experimental
and control Sandesh were analysed for sensory, colour, and textural properties, along with
their proximate composition, nutritional, and functional properties. The microbiological analysis
during storage of the Sandesh samples was also assessed.

Results:

BRFS-2 had the highest sensory score, while increasing black rice raised hardness, gumminess,
and chewiness but lowered cohesiveness. Higher black rice levels reduced moisture, increased
carbohydrates, and decreased protein and fat. BRFS-3 had the highest mineral (Ca, P, Fe) and anthocyanin
content, absent in the control. Polyphenols, flavonoids, DPPH activity, and FRAP values
were also highest in BRFS-3. Microbiological analysis showed reduced coliform counts at 15% and
20% black rice by day 8 of storage.

Conclusion:

The present study indicates that Sandesh can be successfully prepared with up to 15%
black rice, offering heightened taste and sensory qualities, nutritional value and higher antioxidant
capacity with higher anthocyanin levels compared to the control Sandesh. Further investigations
can be conducted to assess the storage stability of black rice Sandesh.
Pharmacogenetic Variations in Arab Populations: Clinical Implications for Personalized Drug Therapy
Authors: AL-Eitan Laith Naser , Khair Iliya Yacoub , Alahmad Saif Zuhair , Rababa'h Doaa , Abu Kharmah Hana , Shurafa Lamice
Published: December 2024

Previous genetic studies on the genetic makeup of Arab populations highlight the diversity
resulting from the distribution of specific genetic markers among various Arab descendant
populations. Different genetic variants classified as clinically significant have been identified, impacting
the response to administered drugs. Absorption, distribution, and excretion of drugs
throughout the human body are managed through the actions of drug transporters and receptor proteins,
which are expressed on the cellular membrane. Drug metabolism involves activating or inactivating
various compounds, transforming them into therapeutically active or toxic metabolites.
With the rapid advancement of pharmacogenetic testing techniques and increased genetic studies
involving Arab populations, insights into genetic polymorphisms have emerged, leading to a better
understanding of the diverse phenotypes of drug response associated with genotype variation.
Variations in transporters and receptor genes have significantly contributed to generating variant
phenotypes that affect individuals' responses to treatments and substrates. This necessitates administering
individualized drug doses based on the patient's haplotype, which can be determined
through advanced genetic diagnosis. This review summarizes the findings of recent pharmacogenetic
studies in the Arab world, emphasizing the benefits of pharmacogenetic research and applications
to enhance therapeutic aspects of healthcare and treatment among patients in Arab countries.
Recent Trends on Plants and Agricultural Products as Nutritional Source in Treating Diabetes
Authors: Verma Suryakant , Pande Milind Sharad
Published: December 2024

A metabolic disease that requires insulin and is marked by consistently high blood sugar levels is known as diabetes mellitus. Many healthcare systems throughout the world have long relied on medicinal herbs as a means of addressing diabetes and its complications. Traditional medicine derived from plant extracts has several advantages over contemporary pharmaceuticals, including lower costs, greater clinical efficacy, and fewer side effects. Pri-marily, the condition has been managed by a range of synthetic medications that improve the altered glycemic state in individuals with diabetes. Synthetic medications work well, but along with their benefits, they come with noticeable adverse effects. Due to the lack of knowledge regarding their chemical composition, preparation method, active bio-actives, potential side effects, and the optimal way to administer them, medicinal plants have not been fully utilised as acceptable drugs in the treatment of diabetes, despite their long history of use as primary health care. Because of a lack of sufficient data on the parameters described earlier, most medicinal plants that show promise as anti-diabetic agents do not make it to the clinical trial phase. Medicinal plants that have been studied in humans with diabetes and shown promise as a treatment for the disease, either alone or in conjunction with other plants, are summarised in this review. Pharmacologically active phytomolecules with an antidia-betic action that are derived from medicinal plants were the primary topic of this review article. Its goal was to discuss their importance in diabetes management and therapy. These all-natural substances have the potential to be successful and alternative diabetes treatments, as well as a new method of approaching the disease.
Researching Literacy with (Marginalized) Young People
Authors: Barabas Cris
Published: December 2024

In this conceptual essay, situated in the context of literacy studies, I mapped out recent conceptual propositions in researching with young people. Whilst these propositions came about from research with youth in general, I paid particular attention to research with marginalized young people such as immigrant youth of colour, Black youth, Indigenous youth, and youth who identify belonging with the LGBTQ+ community. In this paper, I developed three categorizations of these conceptual propositions, namely, ecological and sociomaterial orientations of literacy studies, transborder literacies, and literacies as public medium for communal desirings and resisting.
Understanding the Association Between Home Broadband Connection and Well-Being Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults in China: Nationally Representative Panel Data Study
Authors: Yang Lu , Lynch Chris , Lee John Tayu , Oldenburg Brian , Haregu Tilahun
Published: December 2024

Background

Access to digital technology is among the major social determinants of health, and digital divide impacts health inequality. Yet, the impact of digital connectivity on the well-being and psychosocial outcomes in adults has not been fully studied.

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate the association of home broadband connection with health and well-being of middle-aged adults and adults older than 45 years in China.

Methods

A panel data study design of the national sample of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) was conducted in 2015, 2018, and 2020. This study included 16,185 participants older than 45 years. The associations between digital connectivity (home broadband connection), loneliness, social participation, and life satisfaction were assessed using mixed effects logistic regression models, adjusting for socioeconomic factors, behavioral factors, and locality. Broadband internet connectivity, feelings of loneliness, social participation, and satisfaction with life were measured using the self-reported CHARLS questionnaire.

Results

We observed a substantial increase in digital connectivity from 29.5% in 2015 to 59.8% in 2020. Broadband internet connection at home was positively correlated with social participation (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.34, 95% CI 1.28-1.41) and life satisfaction (AOR 1.30, 95% CI 1.20-1.40), after adjusting for confounding factors, while the absence of broadband internet connection was associated with increased loneliness (AOR 0.81, 95% CI 0.77-0.86). These associations were consistent across age, gender, socioeconomic groups, and geographic areas.

Conclusions

This study highlights the potential additional health benefits of digital connectivity beyond the known advantages. Our results suggest the importance of expanding broadband access to enhance social inclusion and life satisfaction. Further research is needed to understand the broader implications and digital determinants of health associated with digital connectivity.
Mediating Effect of Social Capital on the Association Between Digital Literacy and Life Satisfaction Among Older Adults in South Korea: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Jung Hyein , Lee Hocheol , Nam Eun Woo
Published: December 2024

Background

As Korea rapidly transforms into a super-aged society, research indicates that digital literacy among older adults enhances their life satisfaction. Digital literacy refers to the ability to efficiently use digital technologies, encompassing access, competency, and utilization. It reflects the capacity to navigate and benefit from digital environments effectively. Furthermore, social capital positively influences the quality of life, and digital literacy facilitates social capital formation. However, since most studies have only focused on the direct relationship between digital literacy and life satisfaction, research on the mediating role of social capital remains limited.

Objective

To analyze the effect of digital literacy on the life satisfaction of older adults in South Korea and to verify whether social capital acts as a mediating factor in this process.

Methods

This descriptive cross-sectional study used data from the 2023 Report on the Digital Divide—an annual survey conducted by the Korean Ministry of Science and Information and Communications Technology. The study targeted individuals aged 65 years or older. Descriptive statistics, the Pearson correlation analyses, and the 3-step multiple regression analysis proposed by Baron and Kenny were performed. The bootstrap method was employed, and all analyses were conducted using R, version 4.4.1.

Results

The study included 869 participants. Digital literacy had a significant positive effect on their life satisfaction (β=0.103; P=.008). Social capital was also positively associated with life satisfaction (β=0.337; P<.001). Mediation analysis showed that digital literacy influenced life satisfaction both directly (β=0.103; P=.006) and indirectly through social capital (β=0.037; P=.03). Bootstrapping confirmed the significance of the indirect effect (β=0.037, 95% CI 0.005‐0.070; P=.03). The total effect of digital literacy on life satisfaction was also significant (β=0.140, 95% CI 0.058‐0.230; P=.002).

Conclusions

This study analyzed the association between digital literacy, social capital, and life satisfaction among older adults in Korea. We identified that social capital mediates the association between digital literacy and life satisfaction among older adults. These findings indicate that tailored digital literacy programs and support policies that promote social capital formation could help bridge the digital divide and foster social inclusion. These measures would enable older adults to access essential services, reduce social isolation, and enhance health and well-being, ultimately improving the overall quality of life.
The ADAPT Framework: A randomised feasibility study of a Self-Determination theory based psychosocial intervention for ADHD adults (Preprint)
Authors: Champ Rebecca Elizabeth , Meneses Rita Wengorovius , Adamou Marios , Gillibrand Warren , Arrey Sally , Tolchard Barry
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

Neurodevelopmental disorders are complex and heterogeneous, impacting efficacy in treatment design. Multiple syndromes are associated with executive function (EF) deficits, however theories of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) centralise outcomes arising from impairments in EF for adult treatment. Transdiagnostic approaches are recommended to gain new insights on mental health challenges. Self-Determination Theory (SDT) is a transdiagnostic approach prioritising satisfaction of basic psychological needs and aims to enhance quality of life, identity formation, motivation, and self-regulation.

OBJECTIVE

This study examines the feasibility and acceptability of a randomised controlled trial to evaluate effectiveness of an SDT-based quality-of-life therapeutic intervention for ADHD adults.

METHODS

Recruitment aims were 30 adult participants aged 18+ with a confirmed diagnosis of ADHD and access to a computer or smartphone with an internet connection. Participants were recruited from the Adult ADHD Clinic at the South West Yorkshire Partnership NHS Foundation Trust and allocated through four block randomisation by a non-blinded researcher to an 11-session therapeutic coaching intervention (n=11) or control waitlist (n=9) condition. Feasibility was evaluated by pre- and post- measurements of health-related quality-of-life, psychological distress, ADHD symptomology, ADHD-related quality-of-life, self-reflection and insight, autonomous functioning, and per-session measure of participant impairment issues. Participants also responded to a qualitative feedback interview question on intervention value.

RESULTS

Of the seven measures, only two—the EQ-5D-5L (a brief measure of well-being) and the Index of Autonomous Functioning—failed to detect significant differences across assessment moments. All other measures related to symptomatology, well-being, impairment, and self-reflection detected significant changes. Most participants also provided positive qualitative feedback regarding the intervention's usefulness.

CONCLUSIONS

The study suggests that a randomised controlled trial of a Self-Determination Theory-based intervention for adults with ADHD is feasible. Future research should focus on incorporating long-term adherence measures and exploring alternative outcome measures to enhance longitudinal assessment of treatment effects.
Gamified Optimized Diabetes Management with Artificial Intelligence-Powered Rural Telehealth Intervention for Underserved Areas: Protocol of an Optimization Pilot and Feasibility Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Mehta Tapan , John Tejossy , Cohen Caroline , Zein Aseel El , Nawshin Tanjila , Cherrington Andrea , Chilke Tejaswini Subhash , Faught Victoria , Thirumalai Mohanraj
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) significantly impacts public health, with approximately 21 million US adults diagnosed. Telehealth interventions show promise for improving T2DM outcomes through digital self-management techniques, but face challenges due to disparities in digital literacy and access, especially in rural areas. There is a need for sustainable T2DM management interventions that require minimal digital literacy and are widely accessible. We propose an innovative, individualized lifestyle modification intervention delivered via standard phone service to control blood glucose levels in individuals with T2DM.

OBJECTIVE

This paper outlines the protocol of a pilot study aiming to assess the feasibility of implementing and preliminary effectiveness of an artificial intelligence-assisted individualized lifestyle modification intervention for glycemic control in rural populations delivered via landline telephone service.

METHODS

This study employs a multiphase optimization strategy (MOST) and includes two experimental intervention components: automated vs. human health coaching and adapted vs. fixed gamified reward levels based on daily automated monitoring calls. We aim to recruit 88 patients with diabetes and HbA1C levels 6.5–11.5%. Participants receive daily behavioral monitoring phone calls to evaluate self-management behaviors. Participants also receive either weekly human health coaching or automated AI-driven health coaching for six months. In the fixed-reward arm, participants earn 60 cents per day for answering daily calls, while in the adapted gamified reward arm, rewards start at 20 cents per day and increase weekly, with penalties for missed days. Both arms can earn up to $100.80 over six months. Semi-structured exit interviews will gather patient insights post-trial. Primary outcomes include feasibility measures, HbA1c levels, and lipid profiles.

RESULTS

We have screened 813 people with diabetes and enrolled 54 participants since the launch of the study. We project that enrollment and analyses to assess feasibility completed in 2025.

CONCLUSIONS

This intervention lays the groundwork for a future optimization trial addressing T2DM management, reaching populations through digital health while requiring minimal digital skills. It has the potential to be a scalable low-cost AI-assisted diabetes management solution that is accessible to rural communities and those with low digital literacy or smartphone access.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05344859