bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using epigenomics to understand cellular responses to environmental influences in diseases
Authors: Wattacheril Julia J. , Raj Srilakshmi , Knowles David A. , Greally John M.
Published: January 2023

It is a generally accepted model that environmental influences can exert their effects, at least in part, by changing the molecular regulators of transcription that are described as epigenetic. As there is biochemical evidence that some epigenetic regulators of transcription can maintain their states long term and through cell division, an epigenetic model encompasses the idea of maintenance of the effect of an exposure long after it is no longer present. The evidence supporting this model is mostly from the observation of alterations of molecular regulators of transcription following exposures. With the understanding that the interpretation of these associations is more complex than originally recognised, this model may be oversimplistic; therefore, adopting novel perspectives and experimental approaches when examining how environmental exposures are linked to phenotypes may prove worthwhile. In this review, we have chosen to use the example of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a common, complex human disease with strong environmental and genetic influences. We describe how epigenomic approaches combined with emerging functional genetic and single-cell genomic techniques are poised to generate new insights into the pathogenesis of environmentally influenced human disease phenotypes exemplified by NAFLD.
Hepatic ribosomal protein S6 (Rps6) insufficiency results in failed bile duct development and loss of hepatocyte viability; a ribosomopathy-like phenotype that is partially p53-dependent
Authors: Comerford Sarah A. , Hinnant Elizabeth A. , Chen Yidong , Hammer Robert E.
Published: January 2023

Defective ribosome biogenesis (RiBi) underlies a group of clinically diverse human diseases collectively known as the ribosomopathies, core manifestations of which include cytopenias and developmental abnormalities that are believed to stem primarily from an inability to synthesize adequate numbers of ribosomes and concomitant activation of p53. The importance of a correctly functioning RiBi machinery for maintaining tissue homeostasis is illustrated by the observation that, despite having a paucity of certain cell types in early life, ribosomopathy patients have an increased risk for developing cancer later in life. This suggests that hypoproliferative states trigger adaptive responses that can, over time, become maladaptive and inadvertently drive unchecked hyperproliferation and predispose to cancer. Here we describe an experimentally induced ribosomopathy in the mouse and show that a normal level of hepatic ribosomal protein S6 (Rps6) is required for proper bile duct development and preservation of hepatocyte viability and that its insufficiency later promotes overgrowth and predisposes to liver cancer which is accelerated in the absence of the tumor-suppressor PTEN. We also show that the overexpression of c-Myc in the liver ameliorates, while expression of a mutant hyperstable form of p53 partially recapitulates specific aspects of the hepatopathies induced by Rps6 deletion. Surprisingly, co-deletion of p53 in the Rps6-deficient background fails to restore biliary development or significantly improve hepatic function. This study not only reveals a previously unappreciated dependence of the developing liver on adequate levels of Rps6 and exquisitely controlled p53 signaling, but suggests that the increased cancer risk in ribosomopathy patients may, in part, stem from an inability to preserve normal tissue homeostasis in the face of chronic injury and regeneration.
Improved simulation of cryogenic fluid mixing at supercritical pressures
Authors: Omair Muhammad , Akay Hasan U.
Published: January 2023

The combustion chamber pressure of rockets, gas turbines and diesel engines is known to be above the critical pressure of fuel and oxidizers. In the case of rocket engines the fuel and/or oxidizer is often injected at cryogenic temperatures. This elevated combustion chamber pressure and low temperature demands special treatment for numerical analysis of mixing. Thus a novel implementation of an improved equation of state has been proposed which provides better estimation of densities. Experimental and numerical data from literature has been used for validation of the analysis methodology.
Syncope and subsequent traffic crash: A responsibility analysis
Authors: Staples John A. , Erdelyi Shannon , Merchant Ketki , Yip Candace , Khan Mayesha , Redelmeier Donald A. , Chan Herbert , Brubacher Jeffrey R.
Published: January 2023

Background

Physicians are often asked to counsel patients about driving safety after syncope, yet little empirical data guides such advice.

Methods

We identified a population-based retrospective cohort of 9,507 individuals with a driver license who were discharged from any of six urban emergency departments (EDs) with a diagnosis of ’syncope and collapse’. We examined all police-reported crashes that involved a cohort member as a driver and occurred between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2016. We categorized crash-involved drivers as ’responsible’ or ’non-responsible’ for their crash using detailed police-reported crash data and a validated responsibility scoring tool. We then used logistic regression to test the hypothesis that recent syncope was associated with driver responsibility for crash.

Results

Over the 7-year study interval, cohort members were involved in 475 police-reported crashes: 210 drivers were deemed responsible and 133 drivers were deemed non-responsible for their crash; the 132 drivers deemed to have indeterminate responsibility were excluded from further analysis. An ED visit for syncope occurred in the three months leading up to crash in 11 crash-responsible drivers and in 5 crash-non-responsible drivers, suggesting that recent syncope was not associated with driver responsibility for crash (adjusted odds ratio, 1.31; 95%CI, 0.40–4.74; p = 0.67). However, all drivers with cardiac syncope were deemed responsible, precluding calculation of an odds ratio for this important subgroup.

Conclusions

Recent syncope was not significantly associated with driver responsibility for traffic crash. Clinicians and policymakers should consider these results when making fitness-to-drive recommendations after syncope.
The lived experience of caring for someone with bipolar disorder: A qualitative study
Authors: Speirs Bronte , Hanstock Tanya L. , Kay-Lambkin Frances J.
Published: January 2023

Being a close family or friend of someone with bipolar disorder (BD) can lead to experiences of increased stress, anxiety and depressive symptoms related to the burden of caring. However, the lived experience of being a carer for a person with BD has not received significant research attention. This study aimed to gain further insight into the experiences of individuals in an informal caring role for someone with BD and determine what additional information and support these people need to take care of both themselves and the person they are caring for. Fifteen qualitative interviews were carried out with carers discussing their lived experiences with utilising coping strategies and supporting someone with BD. Following the interviews, thematic analysis was used to identify five key themes. These themes were: Separation of the person and the disorder, carer health and coping strategies, unpredictability and variability of symptoms, carer disillusionment and silencing, and story sharing and support needs. Overall, the findings highlighted the need for increased in-person and online support specifically tailored for carers with loved ones experiencing BD.
Human papillomavirus genotype distribution among women with and without cervical cancer: Implication for vaccination and screening in Ghana
Authors: Nartey Yvonne , Amo-Antwi Kwabena , Hill Philip C. , Dassah Edward T. , Asmah Richard H. , Nyarko Kofi M. , Agambire Ramatu , Konney Thomas O. , Yarney Joel , Damale Nelson , Cox Brian
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Determining the high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) genotypes burden in women with and without cervical cancer afford a direct comparison of their relative distributions. This quest is fundamental to implementing a future population-based cervical cancer prevention strategy in Ghana. We estimated the cervical cancer risk by HPV genotypes, and the HPV vaccine-preventable proportion of cervical cancer diagnosed in Ghana.

Materials and methods

An unmatched case-control study was conducted at the two largest cervical cancer treatment centres in Ghana from 1stOctober 2014 to 31stMay 2015. Cases were women diagnosed with cervical cancer and controls were women without cervical cancer who were seeking care at the two hospitals. Nested multiplex polymerase chain reaction (NM-PCR) was used to detect HPV infection in cervical samples. Logistic regression was used to determine the association between the risk of cervical cancer and identified HPV infection. P ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

HPV deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) data were analysed for 177 women with cervical cancer (cases) and 201 without cancer (controls). Cervical cancer was diagnosed at older ages compared to the age at which controls were recruited (median ages, 57 years vs 34 years; p < 0.001). Most women with cervical cancer were more likely to be single with no formal education, unemployed and less likely to live in metropolitan areas compared to women without cervical cancer (all p-value <0.001). HPV DNA was detected in more women with cervical cancer compared to those without cervical cancer (84.8% vs 45.8%). HR-HPV genotypes 16, 18, 45, 35 and 52 were the most common among women with cervical cancer, while 66, 52, 35, 43 and 31 were frequently detected in those without cancer. HPV 66 and 35 were the most dominant non-vaccine genotypes; HPV 66 was more prevalent among women with cervical cancer and HPV 35 in those without cervical cancer. Cervical cancer risk was associated with a positive HPV test (Adjusted OR (AOR): 5.78; 95% CI: 2.92–11.42), infection with any of the HR-HPV genotypes (AOR: 5.56; 95% CI: 3.27–13.16) or multiple HPV infections (AOR: 9.57 95% CI 4.06–22.56).

Conclusion

Women with cervical cancer in Ghana have HPV infection with multiple genotypes, including some non-vaccine genotypes, with an estimated cervical cancer risk of about six- to ten-fold in the presence of a positive HPV test. HPV DNA tests and multivalent vaccine targeted at HPV 16, 18, 45 and 35 genotypes will be essential in Ghana’s cervical cancer control programme. Large population-based studies are required in countries where cervical cancer is most prevalent to determine non-vaccine HPV genotypes which should be considered for the next-generation HPV vaccines.
Impact of list price changes on out-of-pocket costs and adherence in four high-rebate specialty drugs
Authors: Wong William Bruce , Seetasith Arpamas , Hung Anna , Zullig Leah L.
Published: January 2023

Background

Insurers manage the cost of specialty medicines via rebates, however it is unclear if the savings are passed on to patients, and whether reducing rebates may lead to changes in patient out-of-pocket (OOP) costs and medication adherence. This study examined two drug classes to understand the impact of reducing list prices to net prices, via lower-priced national drug codes (NDCs) or authorized generics, on patient OOP costs and adherence.

Methods

This retrospective analysis assessed IQVIA PharMetrics ® Plus adjudicated medical and pharmacy claims for commercially insured patients. Patient OOP costs per prescription and payer drug costs were assessed for evolocumab or alirocumab (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors [PCSK9is]) or velpatasvir/sofosbuvir or ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (hepatitis C virus [HCV] medications). For PCSK9is and HCV medications, the original and lower-priced versions were compared. Adherence was estimated based on proportion of days covered (PDC) (PCSK9is) and receipt of full treatment regimen (HCV medications).

Results

In total, 10,640 patients were included (evolocumab, 5,042; alirocumab, 1,438; velpatasvir/sofosbuvir, 2,952; ledipasvir/sofosbuvir,1,208). After list price reductions, mean payer drug costs decreased by over 60%, while patient OOP cost reductions ranged from 14% to 55% (evolocumab: 55%, p < 0.01; alirocumab: 51%, p < 0.01; velpatasvir/sofosbuvir: 30%, p < 0.01; ledipasvir/sofosbuvir: 14%, p = 0.03). Patients with coinsurance as the largest contributor to their OOP costs had the largest reductions in OOP costs, ranging from adjusted, mean values of US$135 to US$379 (>60% reductions). Six-month PDC for PCSK9is and proportion receiving full HCV treatment regimen were high with the original versions and did not substantially differ with the new, lower-priced versions.

Conclusions

Reducing list prices to approximate net prices (as a proxy for reducing rebates) resulted in lower patient OOP costs, particularly for those with coinsurance. Our findings suggest that future reduction of rebates may assist in patient affordability, although additional transparency is needed.
The effects of sociodemographic factors on help-seeking for depression: Based on the 2017–2020 Korean Community Health Survey
Authors: Lee JinYoung , Choi Kyeong-Sook , Yun Ji-Ae
Published: January 2023

When individuals face psychological difficulties that exceed their resources, consulting professionals for mental health treatment can be an effective way to overcome these difficulties. However, in general, only a few patients receive treatment for depression. The goal of the present study was to explore the help-seeking behaviors of currently employed individuals with depression and the factors influencing their help-seeking behaviors. This study used raw data from the Korean Community Health Survey (KCHS) obtained from 2017 to 2020. A total of 6,505 employed individuals, who responded as having experiences of sadness or hopelessness that caused problems in their lives for more than two weeks and who scored more than nine points on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, were included in our analysis. Help-seeking behavior was measured as receiving expert advice due to feelings of sadness or hopelessness. Of the 6,505 people with depression, only 1,781 (27.38%) received professional counseling for it. Male participants (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.157–1.487), those aged 45–64 years (aOR = 1.192, 95% CI = 1.022–1.389) and more than 75 years (aOR = 1.446, 95% CI = 1.059–1.973), those not having a Medical Aid program (aOR = 1.750, 95% CI = 1.375–2.226), and those having low educational levels (aOR = .896, 95% CI = .830–.968) were less likely to seek professional help for depression. Our study found that help-seeking behaviors for depression in the Korean population were low. Furthermore, we identified the characteristics associated with individuals with depressive symptoms who chose not to receive help from mental health professionals. The results of this study provide insights to guide national interventions to increase help-seeking behaviors for depression.
Two novel genes identified by large-scale transcriptomic analysis are essential for biofilm and rugose colony development of Vibrio vulnificus
Authors: Lee Hojun , Im Hanhyeok , Hwang Seung-Ho , Ko Duhyun , Choi Sang Ho
Published: January 2023

Many pathogenic bacteria form biofilms to survive under environmental stresses and host immune defenses. Differential expression (DE) analysis of the genes in biofilm and planktonic cells under a single condition, however, has limitations to identify the genes essential for biofilm formation. Independent component analysis (ICA), a machine learning algorithm, was adopted to comprehensively identify the biofilm genes ofVibrio vulnificus, a fulminating human pathogen, in this study. ICA analyzed the large-scale transcriptome data ofV.vulnificuscells under various biofilm and planktonic conditions and then identified a total of 72 sets of independently co-regulated genes, iModulons. Among the three iModulons specifically activated in biofilm cells, BrpT-iModulon mainly consisted of known genes of the regulon of BrpT, a transcriptional regulator controlling biofilm formation ofV.vulnificus. Interestingly, the BrpT-iModulon additionally contained two novel genes, VV1_3061 and VV2_1694, designated ascabHandbrpN, respectively.cabHandbrpNwere shared in otherVibriospecies and not yet identified by DE analyses. Genetic and biochemical analyses revealed thatcabHandbrpNare directly up-regulated by BrpT. The deletion ofcabHandbrpNimpaired the robust biofilm and rugose colony formation. CabH, structurally similar to the previously known calcium-binding matrix protein CabA, was essential for attachment to the surface. BrpN, carrying an acyltransferase-3 domain as observed in BrpL, played an important role in exopolysaccharide production. Altogether, ICA identified two novel genes,cabHandbrpN, which are regulated by BrpT and essential for the development of robust biofilms and rugose colonies ofV.vulnificus.
An Evaluation of An English Language Course Given via Distance Education
Authors: DENKCİ AKKAŞ Ferdane
Published: January 2023

Distance education has turned into the only option for many all over the world with the unexpected Covid-19 pandemic. In the Turkish higher education system, it is frequently used for the 5i English courses. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the English Course given at a state university in Istanbul via distance education based on the perceptions of the students. This is a descriptive study conducted with 121 freshmen during the 2018-2019 academic year. The data were collected via the Scale of English Language Course Curriculum Conducted by Distance Education and analyzed via SPSS software. The findings have revealed that the students are content with their experience of distance English course. Moreover, they are pleased with the process at most and there is rather less satisfaction with the context, input, and product of the course. Still, the majority find face-to-face language instruction as a more satisfactory mode of learning. This study has revealed a moderate satisfaction with the distance English course in general and the main source of this satisfaction has been identified as the course instructors. Therefore, instructors need to be supported in their preparation for distance education courses with trainings and rich materials. Moreover, the students find the course less efficient to develop writing and speaking and need a direct contact with the instructors at times. So, these courses should be designed to focus on productive skills more and to include some face-to-face or synchronous sessions regularly along with the distance education classes.
Student Misbehaviours Encountered in Private High School Classrooms
Authors: AYDIN Bahri
Published: January 2023

The aim of the present study was to identify student misbehaviours in private high schools, and the reasons for and teachers’ reactions to such behaviours. The study was designed as qualitative research. In this qualitative case study, the participants were 21 teachers working in two different branches of a private school and 188 students registered in those schools. The data were collected utilizing two semi-structured interview schedules consisting of three questions each which were directed to students and teachers. The data were analysed using content analysis technique. Student misbehaviours included; noise, student-sourced misbehaviours, misbehaviours aimed at peers and misbehaviours aimed at teachers. The reasons for student misbehaviours were determined and classified as; student-sourced, family-sourced, peer-sourced, teacher-sourced, and education system and school-centred reasons. Teachers’ reactions towards misbehaviours included; warning, shouting, scolding, having one-on-one or whole class conversations with students, explaining the consequences if the same behaviour is repeated, referring students to school administrators or the counselling service, and informing families. Ensuring that teachers understand the reasons for and how to react to student misbehaviours can make significant contributions to their main duty in classrooms which is “realizing learning objectives”. As such, the present study informs teachers about the reasons for student misbehaviour as well as their solutions.
Beginnings, Reviews, and Rejuvenation
Authors: Hartshorn Richard
Published: January 2023

Like most organisations, IUPAC has its rhythms of operation, and for us that constant beat is the cycle of the biennium. Our beat is governed by the two-yearly terms for positions and budgets that ensure that we are always bringing in new ideas and people, refreshing our leadership, examining our progress, and plotting our way forward.
Plastic post-Nairobi needs IUPAC involvement
Authors: Sydnes Leiv K.
Published: January 2023

Soon after plastic became an important commercial product, plastic pollution became a major concern. Despite political focus and implementation of measures to stop the development, litter from plastic products continued to grow and reached an alarming level already some years ago. In many countries the plastic bag became the symbol for plastic garbage, and in Norway that proved to be a very appropriate pick when a sick goose-beaked whale stranded and appeared to have 30 plastic bags and other pieces of plastic in its stomach (Figure 1) [2, 3]. This incident engaged the public in many countries, which quickly organized dugnads to collect plastic rubbish from everywhere—parks, forests and coastlines.
Neprilysin 4: an essential peptidase with multifaceted physiological relevance
Authors: Buhr Annika , Schiemann Ronja , Meyer Heiko
Published: January 2023

Neprilysins are highly conserved ectoenzymes that hydrolyze and thus inactivate signaling peptides in the extracellular space. Herein, we focus on Neprilysin 4 from Drosophila melanogaster and evaluate the existing knowledge on the physiological relevance of the peptidase. Particular attention is paid to the role of the neprilysin in regulating feeding behavior and the expression of insulin-like peptides in the central nervous system. In addition, we assess the function of the peptidase in controlling the activity of the sarcoplasmic and endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase in myocytes, as well as the underlying molecular mechanism in detail.
The role of lysosomes in lipid homeostasis
Authors: Fröhlich Florian , González Montoro Ayelén
Published: January 2023

Lipids function as the major building blocks of cellular membranes, as signaling molecules and as energy stores for metabolism. These important functions require a precise regulation of lipid biosynthesis, transport, turnover and storage. Lipids are exchanged among organelles through a sophisticated network of vesicular and non-vesicular transport routes. Lysosomes, as the main catabolic organelle, are at the center of this network and have recently evolved as one of the master-regulators of cellular lipid metabolism. Lipids from both endogenous and exogenous sources can be processed, sensed and sorted in and out of the lysosome. In this review, we focus on the role of the lysosome in lipid catabolism, transport and signaling. We highlight recent discoveries on the transport of lipids out of the lysosomal lumen and their exchange with other organelles via membrane contact sites. We also discuss the direct role of lysosomal lipids in the TORC1 signaling pathway, a regulator of cellular metabolism. Finally, we address lysosomal biogenesis, its role in the sorting of lipid metabolic enzymes and the dysregulation of these processes in disease.
Inverse eigenvalue problems for rank one perturbations of the Sturm-Liouville operator
Authors: Wu Xuewen
Published: January 2023

This article is concerned with the inverse eigenvalue problem for rank one perturbations of the Sturm-Liouville operator. I obtain the relationship between the spectra of the Sturm-Liouville operator and its rank one perturbations, and from the spectra I reconstruct the perturbed operators, provided that the potential is known a priori.
Expressions for Mostar and weighted Mostar invariants in a chemical structure
Authors: Krishnan Sathish , Rajan Bharati , Imran Muhammad
Published: January 2023

The bond-additive topological invariants are largely employed to recognize the characteristics of chemical graphs. They provide quantitative measures of peripheral shapes of molecules and attract considerable attention, both in the context of complex networks and in more classical applications of chemical graph theory. In this article, we compute exact analytical expressions of Mostar and weighted Mostar invariants for a chemical structure.
Nonlinear remote monitoring system of manipulator based on network communication technology
Authors: Liu Qing , Peng Liye , Shang Kang
Published: January 2023

In order to study the nonlinear remote monitoring system of the manipulator based on the network communication technology, a research method of the nonlinear remote monitoring system of the manipulator based on the network communication technology is proposed. In this article, in the Visual C++ environment, the transmission control protocol/internet protocol technology is used to build a remote monitoring system for the robotic arm, and it mainly realizes the function of the robotic arm running according to the trajectory in the remote. When storing video, you need to specify the ID of the video source, i.e., the synchronization source in the real-time transport protocol data packet header identifies the robot, which can monitor more clearly. The remote monitoring technology is widely used in the modern automation industry, which not only further extends the human space activity ability, but also removes the human from the dangerous and complex working environment. Therefore, the remote monitoring technology has broad application prospects.
Osobni fond Alojzije Kukec
Authors: Fajdić Marija
Published: January 2023

Tema ovog rada je opis pristupa sređivanja gradiva osobnog fonda vlč. Alojzija Kukeca. Na samom početku, ispisana je njegova biografija, kako bi se čitatelja upoznalo s njegovim životom i djelovanjem. Nakon toga, podrobno je opisan način sređivanja njegovog osobnog fonda u cjelini, kao i izazovi s kojima smo se susretali prije početka i za vrijeme sređivanja fonda. U nastavku rada slijedi analiza vrste i kvalitete gradiva opisanih kroz svaku pojedinu seriju. U zaključku je opisana vrijednost ovog osobnog fonda za Državni arhiv u Gospiću i njegove potencijalne istraživače, kao i za cjelokupno područje Like, s naglaskom na Gospić i okolicu. Kao dodatak radu, priložen je detaljan popis gradiva s izrađenim kazalom.
Povijest žena u lovinačkom kraju od početka 20. stoljeća do danas
Authors: Miletić Ana
Published: January 2023

The topic of this paper is the life of a Lika woman and her everyday life. The paper compares the „traditional“ woman with today’s, „modern“ Lika woman in order to see the changes conditioned by different social and cultural processes and the geographical and historical determinism of the living space. The researched area is today’s municipality of Lovinac with its climates and hamlets, and it covers the period from the beginning of the 20th century until today. The paper is based on the analysis of existing material and literature, field research of personal experience of life in the area of Lika, i.e. autoreflexive method. In the field research, the method of semi-structured interviews and the method of life story (life story) were used.
Fotografija u fondovima i zbirkama Državnog arhiva u Gospiću
Authors: Fajdić Marija , Prpić Lara
Published: January 2023

U radu se donose pregled, temeljna obilježja i klasifikacija fotografija koje se čuvaju u zbirkama i fondovima Državnog arhiva u Gospiću kao posebne vrste gradiva koja je iznimno vrijedno vrelo za proučavanje povijesti Like. U tom smislu donosi se i osvrt na razglednice s ličkim motivima na primjeru Zbirke razglednica. Posebna pozornost posvećena je procesima prikupljanja, arhivističkog sređivanja i obrade, čuvanja i zaštite te načina korištenja fotografija. Uzevši u obzir obilježja suvremenoga doba i za njega karakterističnih medija, obrađen je pojam digitalne fotografije, njezine zastupljenosti u korpusu fotografija Državnog arhiva u Gospiću te arhivističkih postupaka vezanih za njezinu obradu, čuvanje i korištenje.
Govori Goljaka, Rudinke i Selišta u Donjem Kosinju
Authors: Kurteš Ivana
Published: January 2023

U radu su analizirani govori Goljaka, Rudinke i Selišta1, zaselaka u Donjem Kosinju, koji pripadaju srednjočakavskome dijalektu čakavskoga narječja. Cilj je rada dokazati postojanje čakavskih karakteristika na navedenim područjima. Govori koji se analiziraju prethodno nisu podrobnije dijalektološki istraženi. Istraživanje je provedeno pomoću upitnika, a snimljen je i slobodan govor. Ispitanici su starije životne dobi i svoj životni vijek proveli su u selima koja su istraživana. Nakon provedenog istraživanja može se reći da Goljak, Rudinka i Selište, prema svojim fonološkim i morfološkim obilježjima, pripadaju srednjočakavskome dijalektu čakavskoga narječja, a najvažnija su jezična obilježja Goljaka, Rudinke i Selišta ikavsko-ekavski refleks jata, zatvaranje vokala ispred nazala, šćakavizam, izostajanje fonema x, čuvanje dočetnog -l. Od morfoloških značajki ističu se nulti nastavak te nastavci -i, -ov/-ev u genitivu množine imenica ženskoga i muškoga roda te nastavci -du i -u u tvorbi prezenta trećega lica množine.
Gospićka tiskarska i knjižarska djelatnost od razvojačenja Vojne krajine do Drugog svjetskog rata
Authors: Šulentić Vladimir
Published: January 2023

U radu se kronološki prikazuje razvoj organizirane tiskarske i knjižarske djelatnosti kroz razdoblje od sredine druge polovice 19. stoljeća, pa do Drugog svjetskog rata odnosno prestanka djelatnosti gospićkih tiskara u privatnom vlasništvu. Početci djelatnosti javljaju se dolaskom knjigoveškog obrtnika Juraja Krmpotića iz Primorja u Gospić i otvaranjem prve knjižare s knjigoveškim uslugama. Do pojave prvog tiskara, Senjanina Marijana Župana proći će cijelo desetljeće, ali njegov je dolazak uskoro otvorio put ostalima te će tijekom više od pola stoljeća u Gospiću istodobno djelovati najmanje dvije, a u nekim trenutcima i tri dobro organizirane tiskare sa školovanim tipografima i slagarima. Osim tiskanja, tiskare su se bavile uvezivanjem knjiga, a zasebno su djelovale i knjižare. Početkom 20. stoljeća, također došljak, Matej Maksimović unio je novost na lokalnom tržištu osnivanjem tvrtke koja je objedinjavala sve navedene usluge. Svi gospićki tiskari preživjeli su Prvi svjetski rat i očuvali su svoje tiskare nastavljajući s radom u novostvorenoj Kraljevini SHS u kojoj im se pridružila i tiskara Kolačević. Zahvaljujući ulozi Gospića u međuratnom razdoblju kao administrativnog središta ličkog područja te njegovom usporenom, ali ipak kontinuiranom razvoju, posla je bilo dovoljno za sve obrtnike ove struke. Posljedice Drugog svjetskog rata dovele su do kraha tiskarske i knjižarske djelatnosti u Gospiću u onom obliku kakva je neprekidno postojala više od šezdeset godina.
Hrvati bihaćkog područja od osmanlijskih prodora do danas
Authors: Ivić Anto
Published: January 2023

Šire bihaćko područje je od središta hrvatskog etničkog prostora u srednjem vijeku, zbog osmanlijske invazije i dugotrajne okupacije postalo u novom vijeku rubno područje na granici velesila, država i različitih civilizacija. Demografske promjene, na koje su utjecale vojne i političke okolnosti, najviše su se odrazile na hrvatsko katoličko stanovništvo. U zahtjevnim okolnostima Hrvati katolici su u širem graničnom krajiškom području opstali najvećim dijelom oko samog grada Bihaća.
Motivi čeških legendi u bajkama Božene Němcové
Authors: Verdonik Maja , Rađa Paola
Published: January 2023

U radu se uvidom u dostupne izvore povezuju motivi čeških legendi prisutni u pojedinim bajkama Božene Němcové, u svrhu osvjetljavanja njihove uloge u kontekstu češkog narodnog preporoda. Češke narodne legende, kao dio češke narodne književnosti, imale su velik utjecaj na književno stvaralaštvo Božene Němcové. Književnica ih je smatrala iznimno važnima te su joj bile inspiracija za bajke pomoću kojih je, kao aktivna pripadnica češkog narodnog preporoda, željela probuditi nacionalnu svijest Čeha. Rezultati usporedbe motiva pojedinih čeških legendi u kontekstu njihove povezanost s bajkama Božene Němcové pokazuju čestu prisutnost motiva broja tri, karakteristične obiteljske odnose – troje djece u obitelji od kojih najmlađe predstavlja ispravne moralne vrijednosti prihvaćene u društvu, zatim uporabu poganskih i kršćanskih te motiva zlatnog čarobnog predmeta, kao i motiva češke kulture kao što su pjesma i ples.
ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЕ РАСЧЕТЫ ДИСКРЕТИЗИРУЮЩЕГО БАРАБАНЧИКА В ЗОНЕ ДИСКРЕТИЗАЦИИ ПНЕВМОМЕХАНИЧЕСКИХ ПРЯДИЛЬНЫХ МАШИН
Authors: Мирзаев Отабек
Published: January 2023

В статье изучена сила сцепления волокна с другими волокнами в таких условиях, в которых волокно имеет один завиток дискретизирующего барабанчика, положения которого подчиняется закону нормального распределения.  Для точности решения поставленной задачи  обращено внимание на математическое ожидание координатов завитка дискретизирующего барабанчика.
THE IMPORTANCE OF TRANSLATION IN TEACHING FOREIGN LANGUAGES
Authors: Юсупов Отабек
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to educational translation as one of the methods of teaching foreign languages. in addition, the author reveals the role of the native language in the process of mastering a foreign language and offers a brief historical retrospective of methods of teaching foreign languages from the point of view of reliance on the native language of students (grammatical-translational, direct, conscious, communicative).
NEOLOGISMS OF THE ENGLISH YOUTH SLANG IN THE XX - XXI CENTURIES
Authors: Ahmadjanova Malika
Published: January 2023

This article highlights the neologisms of the English youth slang of the XX - XXI centuries.
LEXICAL AND SEMANTIC FEATURES OF ENGLISH PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS
Authors: Alimkulova Zuhra
Published: January 2023

This article highlights the lexical and semantic features of English phraseological units.
ESSENTIAL FEATURES OF SPEECH ETIQUETTE IN PROVERBS AND SAYINGS AND THEIR ROLE IN TEACHING SPEAKING
Authors: Davlatova Ziyoda
Published: January 2023

This article highlights the essential features of speech etiquette in proverbs and sayings and their role in teaching spoken language.
CREATION AND FORMATION OF A SET OF EXERCISES IN TEACHING THE TRANSLATION OF TEXTS ON THE FIELD OF ECONOMICS
Authors: Abdug'aniyeva Gulasal
Published: January 2023

The article highlights the creation and formation of a set of exercises for teaching translation of texts in the field of economics.
CONCEPTUAL DERIVATION IN WORD FORMATION
Authors: Abdullayeva Dilfuza
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to the problem of conceptual derivation, acting as the cognitive basis of secondary representation.
CONTROL MEASURES FOR DOWNY MILDEW DISEASE OF BRASSICACEAE VEGETABLE CROPS
Authors: Allayarov Abdurakhman
Published: January 2023

The effect of certain fungicides approved for use against this disease of Brassicaceae vegetable crops has been studied, it has also been found that the cultivation of cabbage seedlings and crops led to the formation of a natural infectious background of fungi that cause downy mildew disease. In the greenhouses where downy mildew disease was recorded, the fungicides Shavit F 72% w.s.g. at rates 0,15 g, 0,20 g and 0,25 g per 1 m2 area, Kurzat R w.p. at rates 0,25 g, 0,30 g and 0,35 g per 1 m2 area were applied against the disease. Bordo fluid of 1% was used as a standard option. Conducting experiments in such environment was a necessary factor to correctly evaluate the effect of fungicides on the disease.
DIFFICULTIES FACED BY EFL TEACHERS IN TEACHING ENGLISH TO THE STUDENTS IN RURAL SCHOOLS
Authors: Murzina Elena , Fayzulloyeva Zilola
Published: January 2023

Teaching English in rural schools has been a complicated process for EFL teachers. Therefore, this article devoted to investigating the challenges faced by the teachers in teaching English to the students in rural schools. Most of the teachers encounter challenges in teaching English to the students in rural schools since many students show their dislike in learning English. Moreover, various factors such as poor parental support, lack of students’ and parents’ support, lack of learning or teaching materials at schools, both students’ and parents’ negative attitude towards learning English, lack of motivation and proper guidance, lack of interest in learning English, poor learning environment, poor family background and lower level of basic knowledge in English which contribute to the challenges faced by the teachers in teaching English at rural schools.
ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННО-СОДЕРЖАТЕЛЬНОЕ СВОЕОБРАЗИЕ ПОВЕСТИ «СЛАБОЕ СЕРДЦЕ» Ф. М. ДОСТОЕВСКОГО
Authors: Назарова Шахноза
Published: January 2023

Повесть «Слабое сердце» продолжающая и развивающая одну из главных существенных тем раннего творчества Достоевского — судьбы Мечтателя в обществе. По ограниченности сюжетного пространства, небольшому числу персонажей и экспрессии событийного ряда повесть тяготеет к драматическому роду искусства.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ЦИНКСОДЕРЖАЩИХ УДОБРЕНИЙ
Authors: Махкамова Дилноза , Исакова Ойгул , Ботирова Гулшода , Тураев Зокиржон
Published: January 2023

Изучены условия получения цинксодержащего удобрения с использованием отходов производства фармацевтической промышленности. Опробованы различные способы введения добавки в процесс производства аммофоса. Наиболее целесообразным является получение цинксодержащего аммофоса путем дозирования добавки в экстракционную фосфорную кислоту.
GROUP METHOD OF DATA HANDLING IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS RESEARCH
Authors: Hikmatulla Khaldarov
Published: January 2023

This article presents the group method of data handling (GMDH)application, which is one of the computational techniques for conducting scientific and technical research, namely in the quantitative measurement of knowledge acquired in the educational process. Basically, an attempt is made to present the information about GMDH, its application in knowledge acquisition using the ergonomic modeling.
SOME OBSTACLES IN TEACHING SPEAKING SKILLS
Authors: Петросян Неля , Наркулова М.У.
Published: January 2023

This article is about communicative barriers of teaching English among students of school. It reveals different kinds of barriers which students come across in learning English. All of people use language to express their feelings, ideas, opinion, and desires. It is a valuable interpersonal contact of exchanging information. So, teachers should take into account some obstacles in teaching learning speaking skills.
Comparative pedagogy
Authors: Кurbаnova A.U. , Babaxodjayeva L.G. , Mirzaraxmonova Sh.M. , Inoyatov I.Sh. , Baratov D.D. , Raximov S.I.
Published: January 2023

This study guide was prepared in accordance with the model science program of the subject "Comparative pedagogy" approved by the Ministry of Higher and Secondary Special Education of the Republic of Uzbekistan, and this study guide is comparative pedagogy as an independent subject development of the science of pedagogy, theoretical and methodological foundations of comparative pedagogy, current directions of comparative pedagogic research, typology of research in comparative pedagogy, typological and classification criteria of the higher education system and the prestige of educational institutions, international organizations and their activities in the development of the science of comparative pedagogy, Specific features of the educational process in Asian countries and their comparative analysis, the conduct of educational issues in the USA and European countries, and comparative analysis and some issues of educational development in world countries are covered. The manual can be used by students of higher education institutions, pedagogues working at all stages of the continuous education system, scientific workers, researchers and independent practitioners.
La inversión de tiempo en las recomendaciones de violaciones graves de la Comisión Nacional de los Derechos Humanos
Authors: Hernández Pérez Selene
Published: January 2023

This research article studies the relationship between time investment and bureaucratic restriction, in the issuance of recommendations of serious violations, issued by the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC), in Mexico, from 2000 to 2019. It is explained that the annual administrative closure of the Commission's work influences the duration of the process of issuing the recommendations, which affects the search for prompt justice and the compensation of the victim. In this way, it is suggested that there is arbitrary, intentional and selective detention on certain complaints, by NHRC personnel. For this purpose, recommendations were analyzed for cases that only denounced one serious incident (as defined by article 88 of the internal regulations of the NHRC). The results showed that the administrative criterion influences the publication of a recommendation, and that as November 15 approaches (administrative year closing date), the recommendations are more likely to be published. It is also possible to observe that the recommendations published on dates far from November 15 tend to have a greater probability of not being published quickly. In order to explain this relationship, a multiple linear regression model was used. The duration of time to reach recommendations was used as the dependent variable. To construct the variable, the number of days was counted from the time the complaint was received to the issuance of a recommendatory document. The main independent variable was the “closeness to the end of the period” that indicates the number of days close to the end of each administrative period of the NHRC (every November 15).
“Aprendo en casa”: Una estrategia emergente para potenciar el derecho a la educación durante épocas de pandemia
Authors: Barberousse-Alfonso Paulette , Vargas-Dengo Marie Claire , Ulate Carballo Silvia
Published: January 2023

This article addresses the educational strategy “I learn at home” developed and implemented in Costa Rica in 2020 as a response from the Ministry of Public Education to supply educational work during the crisis period in the face of the global pandemic caused by the Covid-19 virus. The purpose of the article is to present this emerging strategy as it ensures the inalienable right to education. As part of the study and using the Google Forms platform, an online questionnaire was administered to 141 Basic General Education teachers from the seven provinces of the country, with the aim of knowing the teachers’ opinion on the application and the implications of the strategy “I learn at home”. The article presents the results from the analysis of the investigation carried out, some conclusions derived from the discussion of results and finally some reflections on these results. It is concluded that the Costa Rican teaching body although confronted with many challenges has managed to face the demands of the implementation of the educational strategy at times of the pandemic crisis in order to give continuity to the right to education in the country.
Conflictos en el ordenamiento territorial de la sabana de Bogotá. Caso minería vs. descontaminación del río Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Villamil Castillo Harold Alexander
Published: January 2023

El presente artículo tiene como fin evidenciar la actuación de las entidades del Estado frente a una serie de conflictos territoriales que se han suscitado durante los últimos años a raíz de una serie de políticas públicas formuladas por algunas entidades. Para el caso de estudio se toma en particular el Ministerio de Medio Ambiente. Asimismo, se revisa con lupa una resolución expedida por la misma entidad, la cual da apertura a una serie de polígonos mineros en la sabana de Bogotá, Colombia. Para esto se utiliza una metodología exploratoria, la cual se caracteriza por adentrarse en fenómenos, condiciones, espacios o campos poco estudiados, a fin de establecer nuevas relaciones teóricas y conceptuales, con el propósito de familiarizar a los lectores con el tema en cuestión. Finalmente, como resultados se puede evidenciar la falta de planeación en el momento de formular políticas públicas en relación con la normativa minera, la cual se ampara en el plan de gobierno del momento y da prioridad al desarrollo económico, lo que conlleva una serie de conflictos sociales, ambientales y económicos. Finalmente, como conclusiones se recomienda un “paso a paso” a seguir frente al actuar de los formuladores de políticas públicas, con el fin de mitigar posibles conflictos territoriales.
Información catastral: dimensiones contemporáneas para la gestión de las ciudades en el siglo XXI
Authors: Avendano Arias Johan Andrés
Published: January 2023

La trilogía entre ciudad, gestión e información es quizás uno de los frentes que se hará altamente relevante en el devenir del siglo XXI. Los retos son diversos al partir de la idea según la cual las ciudades, los sistemas de ciudades y sus escalas son plurales, son expresiones de desigualdades e injusticias socioespaciales. Quizás esas divergencias son las que mantienen en vigencia, justamente, las líneas presentes y futuras de esta reflexión. Es claro que las aristas de la línea propuesta serían de gran amplitud, por lo cual en este texto se limitan a la relación de la ciudad y la gestión con la información catastral en el contexto contemporáneo latinoamericano y, especialmente, de Colombia, ahora que ha tomado dinamismo la incursión del denominado “catastro multipropósito”. Así, entonces, se parte de la siguiente pregunta: ¿qué retos y cuáles son las dimensiones contemporáneas de catastro, de su información, para una gestión urbana en el siglo XXI? Al intentar la formulación de una respuesta a esta cuestión se estructura la siguiente reflexión, analizando las dimensiones jurídicas, físicas y económicas del catastro y las posibilidades que esto genera hacia la comprensión de la ciudad latinoamericana y colombiana del siglo XXI.
Análisis de la movilidad urbana del centro histórico del distrito de Cajamarca, Perú
Authors: Silva Díaz Herbert Sebasthian , Muguerza Zárate Adriana Verónica
Published: January 2023

A fin de considerar una ciudad sostenible se debe tener en cuenta una variedad de lineamientos que respondan a problemáticas que se generan en ella. En este sentido, es posible identificar, por ejemplo, que transportarse en una ciudad con un crecimiento urbano reciente como Cajamarca, bien sea en un vehículo particular o en uno público, es un inconveniente latente para quienes vivimos y nos desplazamos en esta ciudad. Uno de los motivos principales del caos de nuestra ciudad es la falta de una adecuada planificación urbana por parte de los gobiernos ante el explosivo movimiento migratorio ocasionado por la actividad minera en los inicios de los años noventa. En el marco de esta problemática, el objetivo principal de esta investigación es analizar la movilidad urbana en el centro histórico del distrito de Cajamarca, Perú. Se propone un diseño descriptivo simple con tres instrumentos de recolección de datos: fichas de observación, encuestas y entrevista a expertos. Se identificó que la falta de visión para enfrentar esta problemática en el centro histórico de Cajamarca se manifiesta actualmente en la congestión vial, la contaminación ambiental, la fragmentación urbana, la informalidad en los sistemas de transporte, los altos costos económicos en la población y el casi nulo acceso a los espacios públicos, lo que da muestra de una ciudad con un crecimiento violento, socialmente polarizado y altamente desorganizado. En conclusión, se produce una notoria fragmentación entre la movilidad y la ciudad por falta de políticas integrales y el crecimiento espontáneo, entre otros factores. Cajamarca, en tal sentido, siendo una ciudad que tiene un potencial histórico, en razón al panorama mencionado ha sufrido el deterioro progresivo de su trama urbana.