bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Fast Stereo Matching Network with Multi-Cross Attention
Authors: Wei Ming , Zhu Ming , Wu Yi , Sun Jiaqi , Wang Jiarong , Liu Changji
Published: September 2021

Stereo matching networks based on deep learning are widely developed and can obtain excellent disparity estimation. We present a new end-to-end fast deep learning stereo matching network in this work that aims to determine the corresponding disparity from two stereo image pairs. We extract the characteristics of the low-resolution feature images using the stacked hourglass structure feature extractor and build a multi-level detailed cost volume. We also use the edge of the left image to guide disparity optimization and sub-sample with the low-resolution data, ensuring excellent accuracy and speed at the same time. Furthermore, we design a multi-cross attention model for binocular stereo matching to improve the matching accuracy and achieve end-to-end disparity regression effectively. We evaluate our network on Scene Flow, KITTI2012, and KITTI2015 datasets, and the experimental results show that the speed and accuracy of our method are excellent.
A Hybrid SVD-Based Denoising and Self-Adaptive TMSST for High-Speed Train Axle Bearing Fault Detection
Authors: Deng Feiyue , Liu Chao , Liu Yongqiang , Hao Rujiang
Published: September 2021

Fault detection of axle bearings is crucial to promote the safe, efficient, and reliable running of high-speed trains. In recent decades, time−frequency analysis (TFA) techniques have been widely used in mechanical equipment fault diagnoses. Time-reassigned multisynchrosqueezing transform (TMSST), as a novel time−frequency representation (TFR) algorithm, is more suitable for dealing with strong frequency-varying signals. However, TMSST TFR results are subject to noise interference. It is difficult to extract the accurate time−frequency (TF) fault feature of the axle bearing under a complex working environment. In addition, determination of the TMSST algorithm parameters depends on the personnel’s subjective experience. Therefore, the TMSST result has a great randomicity and has the disadvantage of having a poor reliability. To address the above issues, a hybrid SVD-based denoising and self-adaptive TMSST is proposed for axle bearing fault detection in this paper. The main improvements of the proposed algorithm include the following two aspects: (1) An SVD-based denoising method using the maximum SV mean to determine the reasonable SV order is adopted to eliminate noise interference and to reserve useful fault impulse information. (2) A new evaluation metric, named time−frequency spectrum permutation entropy (TFS-PEn), is put forward for the quantitative evaluation of the performance of TFR for the TMSST, and then a water cycle algorithm (WCA)-based optimized TMSST can adaptively determine the optimal algorithm parameters. In both the simulation and experimental tests, the superiority and effectiveness of the proposed method is compared with the TMSST, short-time Fourier transform (STFT), MSST, wavelet transform (WT), and Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) methods. The results show that the proposed algorithm has a better performance for extracting the weak fault features of axle bearing under a strong background noise environment.
Impact of Various Operating Conditions on Simulated Emissions-Based Stop Penalty at Signalized Intersections
Authors: Alshayeb Suhaib , Stevanovic Aleksandar , Dobrota Nemanja
Published: September 2021

Sustainability has become one of the most important goals when optimizing traffic signals. This goal is achieved through utilizing various objective functions to reduce sustainability metrics (e.g., fuel consumption and emissions). However, most available objective functions do not distinguish between the reduction mechanism of various types of emissions. Further, such functions do not consider the compound impact of multiple operational conditions (e.g., road gradient) influencing emissions on the optimized signal plans. This study derives a new Environmental Performance Index representing a surrogate measure for emission estimates that can be used as an objective function in signal timings optimization to reduce emissions under various operational conditions. The Environmental Performance Index is a linear combination of delays and stops. The key factor of the Environmental Performance Index is the emissions-based stop penalty, which represents an emission stop equivalency measured in seconds of delay. This study also uses traffic simulation and emission models to investigate the compound impact of several operational conditions on the stop penalty. Results show that the stop penalty varies significantly with all the investigated conditions and that the stop penalty is unique for different types of emissions. These findings may have significant implications on the current practice of sustainable signal timing optimization.
Impact Tech Startups: A Conceptual Framework, Machine-Learning-Based Methodology and Future Research Directions
Authors: Gidron Benjamin , Israel-Cohen Yael , Bar Kfir , Silberstein Dalia , Lustig Michael , Kandel Daniela
Published: September 2021

The Impact Tech Startup (ITS) is a new, rapidly developing type of organizational category. Based on an entrepreneurial approach and technological foundations, ITSs adopt innovative strategies to tackle a variety of social and environmental challenges within a for-profit framework and are usually backed by private investment. This new organizational category is thus far not discussed in the academic literature. The paper first provides a conceptual framework for studying this organizational category, as a combination of aspects of social enterprises and startup businesses. It then proposes a machine learning (ML)-based algorithm to identify ITSs within startup databases. The UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are used as a referential framework for characterizing ITSs, with indicators relating to those 17 goals that qualify a startup for inclusion in the impact category. The paper concludes by discussing future research directions in studying ITSs as a distinct organizational category through the usage of the ML methodology.
Inclusion in Global Environmental Governance: Sustained Access, Engagement and Influence in Decisive Spaces
Authors: Aguilar Delgado Natalia , Perez-Aleman Paola
Published: September 2021

With increased participation of non-state actors in global governance, the inclusion of vulnerable groups in making sustainability regulations remains a relevant challenge requiring more research. Based on an ethnographic study on creating the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-Sharing of biological resources and knowledge, we advance a new multi-dimensional view of inclusion that integrates sustained access, involvement, and influence in the intergovernmental negotiation meetings. We elaborate the concept of decisive spaces, that is, less accessible settings where diverse actors interact in a deliberative way to co-produce recommendations and solutions to an issue that highly influence the regulatory and governance decisions. We argue that the inclusion of vulnerable actors depends on their continuous access to and involvement in these decisive spaces for creating and implementing transnational regulations. Our findings advance the understanding of inclusion for addressing challenges facing transnational governance of environmental, equity, and social justice issues.
Examining the Professional Quality of Experienced EFL Teachers for Their Sustainable Career Trajectories in Rural Areas in China
Authors: Liu Honggang , Chu Wenxiu , Fang Fan , Elyas Tariq
Published: September 2021

While there has been much research into teachers’ professional quality in general education, scant attention has been paid to the professional quality of EFL (English as a foreign language) teachers, especially those working in adverse areas, for their sustainable career trajectories. Drawing on Wu’s framework of EFL teachers’ professional quality, this study adopted a mixed-method study design to investigate the professional quality of experienced EFL teachers in China’s rural areas. A questionnaire was administered online to 367 Chinese EFL teachers from 15 high schools in the northeast part of China. Follow-up interviews were then conducted with four volunteers. The results of the exploratory factor analysis produced a two-module structure of teachers’ professional quality, addressing teacher beliefs and English language pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) for their sustainable career development. The teacher belief module addresses beliefs about language teacher learning and development as well as beliefs about foreign language teaching and learning. The English language PCK module includes two subscales: English teaching capacity and English knowledge and skills. Descriptive analysis showed that these participants had high levels of professional quality. Possible explanations for the interpretations of EFL teachers’ professional quality are provided from the qualitative data. Based on the above findings, the paper offers some implications for sustaining EFL teacher development in the future.
Validation of Three Species of Spongicolid Shrimp of New Zealand: Spongicoloides clarki Schnabel, Kou & Xu, S. sonne Schnabel, Kou & Xu and Spongiocaris antipodes Schnabel, Kou & Xu (Crustacea: Decapoda: Stenopodidea)
Authors: Schnabel Kareen E. , Kou Qi , Xu Peng
Published: September 2021

Schnabel, Kou & Xu reported three new species of spongicolid shrimp from New Zealand. The present note, with ZooBank registrations, serve to validate the names Spongicoloides clarki, S. sonne and Spongiocaris antipodes by fulfilling Code conditions for nomenclatural availability. As such, the date and authorship of the species names take the date of publication of this note. Specimens are deposited at the National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research, Wellington (NIWA) and the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Wellington (NMNZ).
Extraction and LC-MS/MS Analysis of Ciguatoxins: A Semi-Targeted Approach Designed for Fish of Unknown Origin
Authors: Spielmeyer Astrid , Loeffler Christopher , Bodi Dorina
Published: September 2021

Ciguatoxins (CTXs) are polyether marine biotoxins that can cause ciguatera poisoning (CP) after the consumption of fish or invertebrates containing sub ppb levels; concentrations that present a challenge for current extraction and analysis methods. Here, a newly developed and (partly) validated single-day extraction protocol is presented. First, the fish sample is broken-down by enzymatic digestion, followed by extraction and extract clean-up by defatting and two solid-phase extractions. Final extracts were investigated using two different CTX-analysis methods; an in vitro cytotoxicity assay (N2a-assay) and by LC-MS/MS. Validation was performed for both fillet and freeze-dried samples of snapper, parrotfish, and grouper spiked with CTX1B, 52-epi-54-deoxyCTX1B, 54-deoxyCTX1B, and CTX3C. Based on recovery rates (35–88%) and matrix effects (66–116%) determined by LC-MS/MS, the enzyme protocol is applicable to various matrices. The protocol was applied to naturally contaminated fish tissue (Lutjanus bohar) obtained during a CP incident in Germany. Several potential CTX congeners were identified by a two-tier LC-MS/MS approach (screening of sodium adducts, high-resolution or low-resolution confirmation via ammonium adducts). Inclusion of >30 known CTX congeners into the LC-MS/MS methods and single-day sample preparation make the method suitable for analysis of ciguatera suspect samples at sub ppb levels also with undisclosed CTX profiles.
Preventive HIV Vaccines-Leveraging on Lessons from the Past to Pave the Way Forward
Authors: Sobia Parveen , Archary Derseree
Published: September 2021

Almost four decades on, since the 1980’s, with hundreds of HIV vaccine candidates tested in both non-human primates and humans, and several HIV vaccines trials later, an efficacious HIV vaccine continues to evade us. The enormous worldwide genetic diversity of HIV, combined with HIV’s inherent recombination and high mutation rates, has hampered the development of an effective vaccine. Despite the advent of antiretrovirals as pre-exposure prophylaxis and preventative treatment, which have shown to be effective, HIV infections continue to proliferate, highlighting the great need for a vaccine. Here, we provide a brief history for the HIV vaccine field, with the most recent disappointments and advancements. We also provide an update on current passive immunity trials, testing proof of the concept of the most clinically advanced broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies for HIV prevention. Finally, we include mucosal immunity, the importance of vaccine-elicited immune responses and the challenges thereof in the most vulnerable environment–the female genital tract and the rectal surfaces of the gastrointestinal tract for heterosexual and men who have sex with men transmissions, respectively.
Levels and Potential Health Hazards of Chlorinated Pesticides in Surface Water Samples of Charsadda Area of Pakistan Using SPME-GC-ECD Technique
Authors: Ismail Muhammad , Alam Sultan , Khan Muhammad Sufaid , Shah Luqman Ali , Shah S. M. Mukaram , Wahab Muhammad , Rukh Gul , Rahman Najeeb ur , Rehman Noor , Amin Noor ul , Burlakovs Juris , Kallistova Anna , Pimenov Nikolai , Vincevica-Gaile Zane , Jani Yahya , Zahoor Muhammad , Zekker Ivar
Published: September 2021

In the present study, we determined the levels of chlorinated pesticide residues in surface water samples collected from the Charsadda district (KPK, Pakistan). SPME-GC-ECD with COMBI PAL CTC autosampler was used for extraction and analysis of 20 organochlorine pesticides in the collected water samples. For maximum efficiency of the SPME procedure, several parameters were studied, including the extraction and desorption time of the fiber, solution pH, agitation of samples, and stirring speed, etc. This method showed good liner response, with R2 values in the range of 0.9887 to 0.9999 for all pesticides. This method also provided good percent recoveries at 1 µg L−1 (87.5 to 106.0%) and at 2 µg L−1 (88.5 to 109.2%). Lower limits of detection for all 20 chlorinated pesticides were found to be lower than their maximum permissible contamination levels. Approximately 50% of the surface water samples collected from the Charsadda district were found to be contaminated with the pesticides γ-BHC, heptachlor, aldrin and dieldrin, with maximum concentrations of 0.023, 0.108, 0.014 and 0.013 µg L−1, respectively. For adults and children, the cancer risk from water due to contamination by various pesticides ranged from 0 to 33.29 × 10−6. The non-carcinogenic risk from each pollutant in the water samples of the Charsadda district was found to be in the order of heptachlor > aldrin > dieldrin > γ-BHC. However, the pesticides α-BHC, β-BHC, heptachlor epoxide, chlordane, endrin, 4,4′-DDD, endrin ketone, 4,4′-DDT, endosulfan sulfate and methoxychlor were not detected in any of the surface water samples of investigated in the present study.
Micro-Clustering and Rank-Learning Profiling of a Small Water-Quality Multi-Index Dataset to Improve a Recycling Process
Authors: Besseris George
Published: September 2021

The efficiency improvement of wastewater recycling has been prioritized by ‘Goal 6’ of the United Nations Sustainable Development initiative. A methodology is developed to synchronously profile multiple water-quality indices of a wastewater electrodialysis (ED) process. The non-linear multifactorial screener is exclusively synthesized by assembling proper R-based statistical freeware routines. In sync with current trends, the new methodology promotes convenient, open and rapid implementation. The new proposal unites the ‘small-and-fast’ data-sampling features of the fractional multifactorial designs to the downsizing, by microclustering, of the multiple water quality indices—using optimized silhouette-based classification. The non-linear multifactorial profiling process is catalyzed by the ‘ordinalization’ of the regular nominal nature of the resulting optimum clusters. A bump chart screening virtually eliminates weak performances. A follow-up application of the ordinal regression succeeds in assigning statistical significance to the resultant factorial potency. The rank-learning aptitude of the new profiler is tested and confirmed on recently published wastewater ED-datasets. The small ED-datasets attest to the usefulness to convert limited data in real world applications, wherever there is a necessity to improve the quality status of water for agricultural irrigation in arid areas. The predictions have been compared with other techniques and found to be agreeable.
Prediction of Biome-Specific Potential Evapotranspiration in Mongolia under a Scarcity of Weather Data
Authors: Batsukh Khulan , Zlotnik Vitaly A. , Suyker Andrew , Nasta Paolo
Published: September 2021

We propose practical guidelines to predict biome-specific potential evapotranspiration (ETp) from the knowledge of grass-reference evapotranspiration (ET0) and a crop coefficient (Kc) in Mongolia. A paucity of land-based weather data hampers use of the Penman–Monteith equation (FAO-56 PM) based on the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) guidelines to predict daily ET0. We found that the application of the Hargreaves equation provides ET0 estimates very similar to those from the FAO-56 PM approach. The Kc value is tabulated only for crops in the FAO-56 guidelines but is unavailable for steppe grasslands. Therefore, we proposed a new crop coefficient, Kc adj defined by (a) net solar radiation in the Gobi Desert (Kc adjD) or (b) leaf area index in the steppe region (Kc adjS) in Mongolia. The mean annual ETp obtained using our approach was compared to that obtained by FAO-56 guidelines for forages (not steppe) based on tabulated Kc values in 41 locations in Mongolia. We found the differences are acceptable (RMSE of 0.40 mm d−1) in northern Mongolia under high vegetation cover but rather high (RMSE of 1.69 and 2.65 mm d−1) in central and southern Mongolia. The FAO aridity index (AI) is empirically related to the ETp/ET0 ratio. Approximately 80% and 54% reduction of ET0 was reported in the Gobi Desert and in the steppe locations, respectively. Our proposed Kc adj can be further improved by considering local weather data and plant phenological characteristics.
Different Mercury Species Partitioning and Distribution in the Water and Sediment of a Eutrophic Estuary in Northern Taiwan
Authors: Fang Tien-Hsi , Lien Chia-Yu
Published: September 2021

The total Hg and methyl Hg in waters and sediments, as well as particulate total Hg (PTHg), were analyzed to study their distribution and partitioning in the Danshuei River Estuary (DRE), northern Taiwan. TOC and grain size were also determined in the sediment samples. The dissolved total Hg (DTHg) in waters ranged from 24.0 to 45.8 ng/L. The dissolved methyl Hg (DMeHg) concentrations contributed 0.6–30.4% of the DTHg pool, with the higher percentage appearing in the upper estuary. The DMeHg concentration positively correlated with the Chl.a within the estuary, suggesting that phytoplankton plays an important role in influencing the DMeHg concentration. The partitioning results indicated that DTHg chiefly dominates the THg (DTH + PTHg) pool, especially at a salinity of >15 psu region. The value of partition coefficient, log(KD), was within a range of 3.54 to 4.68, and the value linearly decreased with increasing salinity. The sediment total Hg (STHg) concentrations ranged from 80 to 379 ng/g, and most data exceeded the NOAA guidelines value (ERL < 150 ng/g), indicating that the DRE is contaminated with Hg. The STHg concentrations inversely and positively correlated with the grain size and TOC content, respectively, suggesting that sediment Hg distributions are strongly influenced by the both parameters.
Research on Anti-Skid Control Strategy for Four-Wheel Independent Drive Electric Vehicle
Authors: Zhang Chuanwei , Ma Jian , Chang Bo , Wang Jianlong
Published: September 2021

Four-wheel independent drive electric vehicles have become the latest development trend of electric vehicles due to their simple structure and high control accuracy. Aiming at the sliding problem of four-wheel independent driving electric vehicles in the driving process, a driving anti-skid control strategy is designed. The strategy includes two contents: (1) a road recognition module that tracks the best slip rate in real time; (2) a slip rate control module that uses fuzzy PID control. Then, based on Carsim and MATLAB/Simulink, the vehicle dynamics model, tire model and driving anti-skid control model are established. A simulation of the driving anti-skid control algorithm is carried out to verify the feasibility of the control strategy. Finally, based on the built-up dSPACE semi-physical experimental simulation platform, the verification was carried out, and the test and simulation results were compared to verify the effective feasibility of the driving anti-skid control strategy.
KEY SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROBLEMS OF THE FAR EAST
Authors:   All-Russian Research Institute of Labor, Moscow, Russia, Shirokova L.N. , Mosina L.L. ,   All-Russian Research Institute of Labor, Moscow, Russia, Starokozheva V.P. ,   All-Russian Research Institute of Labor, Moscow, Russia
Published: September 2021

The study aims to update the configuration of the socio-economic situation in the Far Eastern Federal District (FEFD), its dependence on the development of the transport system, natural and migration labor growth, learning conditions, financial incentives, the provision of free rental housing and other factors influencing the conditions and standard of living of the population of the region. Based on the results of the study, supported by numerous statistical data, the authors conclude that to preserve the population in the Far Eastern Federal District, especially young people, it is important to ensure an actual advantage in salary, reduce the difference in living standards, and provide workers and specialists with rental housing at the expense of the employer. The paper also highlights the foreign experience of managing the northern territories.
FEATURES OF THE LABOR LAW IMPLEMENTATION IN RUSSIA, CHINA AND THE UNITED STATES IN THE CONTEXT OF THE PANDEMIC
Authors:   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russia, Gorodnova N.V. , Samarskaya N.A. ,   All-Russian Research Institute of Labor, Moscow, Russia
Published: September 2021

The article summarizes the world and domestic practice of the formation and implementation of the regulatory framework for organizing remote work in the context of the spread of coronavirus disease. The aim of the study is to scientifically substantiate the problem of the impact of the negative consequences of the pandemic on the rights of workers in the field of labor relations, a comparative analysis of the labor legislation of the United States and China and the development on its basis of recommendations for employers to curb the spread of coronavirus disease in the workplace, to protect and preserve the health of employees. The subject of the study is to assess the realization of the right to work of an employee working safely or remotely. The authors apply the methods of statistical research, analysis of scientific literature and open sources. The conclusion is made about the necessity and prospects of cooperation between the Russian Federation and economically developed countries in the near future on the basis of the experience gained by the world community in combating the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of the study will be useful to specialists involved in organizing labor in a pandemic.
FORMATION OF THE LABOR MARKET INEQUALITY IN THE DIGITAL AGE
Authors:   Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Sadovaya Е.S.
Published: September 2021

Recognizing the growth of inequality as one of the main social and economic problems of our time. The author concludes that it is natural and caused by a radical reformatting of the economy influenced by digital technologies. The article examines the organizational and technological changes in the modern economy, influenced by digitalization, in terms of their impact on labor relations and the restructuring of the modern labor market. The paper aims to study the mechanisms of the inequality formation in the labor market and the peculiarities of the social and labor sphere functions in the new economic reality. Employment, as a connecting link between economic and social processes, has been chosen as the main category of scientific analysis, which makes it possible to understand the essence of the ongoing transformations, as well as their social consequences. These transformations can be implemented using software automation of business processes. From the economic point of view, it allows you to significantly increase labor productivity, from the social point of view, it helps to reduce the demand for labor and labor costs. Automation of individual business processes turns out to be a socio-technological prerequisite for the “platformization” of employment and the emergence of crowdworking platforms that institutionalize this process. The increasingly widespread employment platform, which fundamentally changes the relationship between employers and workers, reduces social protection for the latter and leads to the segmentation of the previously egalitarian labor market. Under the influence of digitalization of business processes, labor relations are being transformed from social into computer algorithms, and the “employee” becomes a “user of mobile applications”. The article highlights the stages of business automation and examines its impact on employment and the nature of social and labor relations from the organizational, technological, political, economic and macroeconomic perspectives. In addition, the social consequences of digital transformation of business processes are analyzed in relation to the conditions of specific business activities – the manufacturing sector and the service sector. The author concludes that the digitalization of business processes affects the change in the nature of social and labor relations indirectly – through a decrease in demand for labor and structural changes in employment. Understanding the essence of this process is important for identifying the root causes of the inequality in the modern labor market, and the conclusions of the research may be useful when choosing options of state policy aimed at eliminating its most acute consequences.
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL LIMBAH KULIT PISANG KEPOK (Musa paradisiaca L.) TERHADAP Shigella dysenteriae
Authors: Stephen Dewangga Vector , Widi Lestari Mastuti
Published: September 2021

Kasus diare di Indonesia pada umumnya disebabkan oleh masalah kebersihan lingkungan, makanan, dan infeksi mikroorganisme. Salah satu mikroorganisme penyebab diare adalah bakteri Shigella dysenteriae. Kulit pisang diketahui mempunyai sifat anti bakteri. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kemampuan ekstrak etanol 96% limbah kulit pisang kepok (Musa paradisiaca L.) membentuk zona radikal terhadap Shigella dysentriae berdasarkan variasi konsentrasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian analitik eksperimental dengan pendekatan post test with control. Ekstrak etanol 96% kulit Musa paradisiaca L. dibuat dengan variasi konsentrasi 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, dan 100%. Aktivitas antibakteri diuji dengan metode cakram dengan kontrol negatif DMSO 10% dan kontrol positif ciprofloxacin 5 µg, dan dilanjutkan dengan analisis Anova satu jalur. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan terbentuknya zona hambat pada konsentrasi 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, dan 100% berturut-turut 6,09 mm, 6,26 mm, 6,58 mm, 7,58 mm, dan 9,00 mm. Hal ini menunjukkan semakin tinggi konsentrasi zat antibakteri maka semakin besar juga zona hambat radikal yang terbentuk. Uji Anova satu jalur diperoleh nilai p ≤ 0,05, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etanol 96% kulit Musa paradisiaca L. mampu menghambat pertumbuhan Shigella dysenteriae.

Diarrhea cases in Indonesia are generally due to environmental problems, food hygiene, and microorganism infections. One of the microorganisms that cause diarrhea is Shigella dysenteriae. Banana peels are known have antibacterial properties. The purpose of this project was to study the antibacterial activity of 96% ethanol extract of Kepok banana (Musa paradisiaca L.) peel waste with variations concentration on the growth of Shigella dysenteriae. This study uses an experimental analytic research design by post test with control. Ethanol extract 96% of the peels of Musa paradisiaca L. was made with a composition variation of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%. Antibacterial activity was tested by disc-method with DMSO as negative control and ciprofloxacin as positive control. The data obtained were analyzed with one way Anova. The results of this study indicate the formation of inhibition zones at concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% collected 6.09 mm, 6.26 mm, 6.58 mm, 7.58 mm, and 9,00 mm. This data shows that the greater the concentration of antibacterial substances, the greater the zone of radical inhibition formed. Anova one path test obtained p value 0.001, so it can conclude that ethanol extract 96% of the skin of Musa paradisiaca L. able to inhibit the growth of Shigella dysenteriae.
INDICADORES FÍSICOS DO SOLO EM SISTEMA SILVIPASTORIL NO ECÓTONO CERRADO-FLORESTA AMAZÔNICA MARANHENSE
Authors: Almeida Diego Freire , Macedo Giselle Trabach , Cutrim Júnior Jessé Gonçalves , da Silva Cristiane Matos , da Silva Alinne , da Silva Wilson Araújo
Published: September 2021

O estudo foi realizado na Fazenda Monalisa no município de São Francisco do Brejão, que apresenta área de 740,52 ha. Foram utilizados para o estudo dois sistemas de produção e uma floresta original, os sistemas de produção foram um manejado sob o sistema silvipastoril e outro com pastagem convencional. Os objetivos foram avaliar os atributos físicos do solo em área com pastagem de braquiária em estádio inicial de degradação; avaliar o impacto da implantação do sistema silvipastoril nos atributos e características físicas do solo e comparar o comportamento do uso do solo nos atributos físicos do solo entre os sistemas de pastagem convencional e sistema silvipastoril em relação a uma floresta nativa. As coletas foram feitas em dois períodos distintos, período chuvoso e o período seco. O trabalho resultou em diferenças entre os tratamentos, principalmente quando comparado a floresta com as demais áreas. Na densidade do solo houve diferença estatística entre os tratamentos, destacando a floresta com menores valores. Na densidade de partículas houve pouca diferença estatística, onde se mostrou apenas no período seco. Já a porosidade total houve diferença, onde a floresta apresentou maiores porcentagens. O índice de compactação foi feito a comparação entre os tratamentos nos dois períodos, seco e chuvoso, onde mostrou grandes diferenças entre os tratamentos e nos tratamentos em cada período. Torna-se interessante a continuidade do monitoramento desta área experimental para acompanhar a evolução do sistema silvipastoril e suas interações para com o solo atendendo assim as demandas locais de informação do uso da terra
COMO AS MARCAS UTILIZAM O ESPORTE PARA GANHAR VISIBILIDADE
Authors: Travassos Caio Gabriel Peixoto , Vidal Carlos Leonardo Gomes
Published: September 2021

Este projeto acadêmico tem como foco o Marketing Esportivo e os seus benefícios, os capítulos citados para compor este artigo, irá retratar o motivo que as marcas estão utilizando o esporte para ganhar mais visibilidade no mercado mundial. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o motivo das marcas (patrocinadores) estarem interessadas em eventos esportivos e porque querem ganhar tanta visibilidade entre os seus espectadores. Com este objetivo, o projeto irá retratar o quanto à imagem de uma marca (patrocinadores) vêm crescendo mundialmente e o quanto elas podem ter um resultado significante patrocinando equipes no esporte. O interesse de estudo é explorar sobre o Marketing Esportivo, sobre Eventos Esportivos e como as marcas (patrocinadores) utilizam deste meio para conseguir ganhar mais visibilidade entre os espectadores. Para começar o projeto foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica para captar o maior número de informações possível, uma pesquisa documental no qual foi lido livros que falassem sobre Marketing Esportivo e sobre Eventos Esportivos, um estudo de caso para o pesquisador analisar e conseguir desenvolver sobre os temas e discursões com colegas no intuito de investigar sobre o tema. Na Copa do Mundo no Brasil foram disputadas 60 partidas em 12 arenas diferentes, com um público total de 3.165.627 de torcedores, média de 52.760 pessoas por partida. No ano de 2018, a final do Super Bowl teve no total, uma média de 103.4 milhões de pessoas assistindo, com pico de 106 milhões. Com estes resultados analisado, percebe-se a força que o evento esportivo tem perante seus espectadores. Com base no que foi pesquisado, o esporte desperta o interesse de milhares de pessoas em todo o mundo e tendo isso em vista, as marcas sempre estarão dispostas a fazer alguma ativação em determinados eventos esportivos, pois estes eventos reúnem milhares de pessoas propensas a interagir, acompanhar, experimentar e principalmente comprar dos seus produtos. Essas ativações trazem inúmeras chances de negócios para a sua marca pois ampliam o alcance de sua empresa.
Convolutional Neural Networks in Medical Image Understanding
Authors: Upreti Megha , Pandey Chitra , Bist Ankur Singh , Rawat Buphest , Hardini Marviola
Published: September 2021

In the era of social media images/pictures play a vital  role. Facebook, whatsapp, instagram everywhere we see a lot of  pictures nowadays. Along with social media, the pictures play a  very important role in medical science. Medical Image can help  in diagnosis, clinical treatment and teaching tasks. Traditional  classification of images has reached an end because of its time  taking nature and efforts made to extract, select and classify . This problem is solved with the help of CNN(Convolutional neural network).In medical science we have treatment for body  anomalies that were not there before .Using the deep learning  models of CNN we can detect the disease like Cancer ,Lung  Infection and treat it. This article aims to provide a  comprehensive survey of applications of CNNs in medical image  understanding.
Possibilities of increasing the power of the nanographite current limiter
Authors: Lebedev S.G.
Published: September 2021

The article discusses the possibilities of increasing the switching currents of the previously proposed
contactless nanographite current limiter. It is shown that an increase in the length of the contact
pads to 1 m will reduce the electrical resistance of the film by a factor of 10,000 – to ~ 0.1 Ohm,
and the switching current will increase to 1 kA, while the power dissipated by a contactless
nanographite current limiter will increase to 100 kW. The possibility of heat removal by means of
water cooling using a chiller of appropriate capacity is being considered. The analysis shows that
these measures will make it possible to create a competitive current limiter for smart grids based
on nanographite film.
Polyphenols as stimulators of biological activity
Authors: Rasulov M.M. , Zhigacheva I.V. , Kuznetsov I.A. , Gukasov V.M. , Rybakov Y.L. , Myakinkova L.L. , Begmetova M.Kh.
Published: September 2021

The article presents experimental data on the possibility of using solutions of protatran 4-chloro-
2-methylphenoxyacetate (chlorcrezacin) as a stimulator of both static and dynamic performance of
striated muscles. A new property of the protatran representative has been revealed, which opens up
new prospects for its use. The analysis of publication activity based on the results of research on
this problem in the Scopus bibliometric database is carried out.
Analysis of the results of competitions held in 2020 for the right to receive grants from the President of the Russian Federation for state support of young Russian scientists and competitive selection for personal scholarships named after ZH.I. Alferov for young scientists in the field of physics and nanotechnology
Authors: Ivanov B.V. , Kristalinskaya S.V. , Gladysheva E.A. , Dobrynin D.A.
Published: September 2021

The article presents the results of the analysis of the indicators of the competitions of grants of the
President of the Russian Federation held in 2020 for state support of young Russian scientists and
competitive selection for receiving personal scholarships named after J.I. Alferov for young scientists in the
field of physics and nanotechnology: generalized data on the number of publications of winners, distribution
of participants and winners by research areas, federal districts, regions, departments and organizations.
Monitoring of the publication activity of Russian and foreign
researchers on the «carbon footprint» problem for the period 2016–2020 (according to Web of
Science Core Collection and Scopus)
Authors: Mironov N.A. , Dolgova V.N.
Published: September 2021

In the context of the formation of an answer to the big challenges in the field of transition to environmentally friendly and resource-saving energy, the scientific community is faced with the problem of reducing the level of the carbon footprint. The purpose of this article is to monitor the
publication activity of scientists from all countries who publish the results of their research on the carbon footprint problem in the international scientific citation indexes Web of Science Core
Collection and Scopus. The methodology for conducting this monitoring is based on the use of tools for the extended search of the international scientific citation systems Web of Science and Scopus
using the authors' keywords. For the analyzed period, the period 2016-2020 was adopted.
The results of the study showed that scientists from five leading countries are mainly engaged in this problem: China, Spain, USA, Great Britain and Italy, as well as the fact that Russian
scientists came out with the results of their research into the world scientific space only starting from 2017.
Mejora de las concepciones de maestros en formación de la educación STEM
Authors: Toma Radu Bogdan , Retana-Alvarado Diego Armando
Published: September 2021

El creciente interés por el acrónimo STEM ha dado lugar a la coexistencia de diversas conceptualizaciones que desafían su comprensión. En la medida en que se pretenda que estas siglas –recientemente definidas como un enfoque educativo– supongan un avance significativo en la didáctica de las ciencias, resulta necesario mejorar la comprensión de los docentes sobre su significado. Este estudio presenta un programa de desarrollo profesional que tiene por objetivo tal esfuerzo, y presenta los resultados de su implementación con profesorado de ciencias costarricenses en formación inicial. Se ha identificado una multiplicidad de conceptualizaciones diferentes que han conformado un total de seis modelos STEM distintos: desde los más simples (p. ej., STEM como un mero acrónimo) hasta modelos más desarrollados y coherentes con las definiciones actuales (p. ej., STEM como la integración curricular de cuatro disciplinas). La intervención ha permitido avanzar en el abandono de las conceptualizaciones simplistas. Sin embargo, se han detectado dificultades en el desarrollo de conceptualizaciones coherentes con las visiones actuales de la educación STEM, lo que plantea dudas sobre la idoneidad de un enfoque STEM integrado.
Estamos sendo invadidos. Discutindo sobre os conceitos científicos relacionados à pandemia de COVID-19 através da elaboração de memes
Authors: Silva Costa Jefferson , Cavalcanti de Albuquerque Tereza Cristina
Published: September 2021

No processo de ensino e aprendizagem em Ciências, a linguagem multimodal é essencial, e o gênero multimodal meme evidencia esta linguagem híbrida, nas interações comunicativas dos estudantes. Para valorizar este tipo de prática social, como um recurso em metodologias inovadoras, a presente pesquisa objetivou investigar como a elaboração de memes possibilita a identificação dos conhecimentos prévios dos estudantes sobre a pandemia da COVID-19, através do uso de linguagem multimodal. Nesta pesquisa qualitativa, os dados foram construídos em aulas da disciplina Biologia com a participação de 136 estudantes do ensino médio. Como resultados, os estudantes elaboraram 221 memes envolvendo a linguagem multimodal. Estes memes, foram analisados e categorizados considerando seu objetivo comunicacional: memes de informação (n=62), memes de crítica social (n=77) e memes de entretenimento (n=82). Os conhecimentos prévios dos estudantes abrangeram temáticas como a necessidade de adotar medidas profiláticas para evitar o contágio, as mutações do vírus, o ensino remoto, e a compreensão sobre a importância do processo de vacinação com críticas diretas ao governo brasileiro. O protagonismo dos estudantes na elaboração de memes sobre a pandemia de COVID-19 evidenciou sua capacidade criativa, de comunicação e de reflexão crítica através da elaboração de textos multimodais.
ORBITOLINIDS AND OTHER LARGER BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA FROM THE APTIAN-ALBIAN OF TIBET: CRITICAL DISCUSSION OF SOME RECENTLY PUBLISHED DATA
Authors: SCHLAGINTWEIT FELIX
Published: September 2021

Orbitolinidae together with other larger benthic foraminifera are particularly important in Lower Cretaceous shallow-water biostratigraphy provided that they are correctly identified. Especially in the case of the Orbitolininae (with complex embryo), their biostratigraphic range with overlapping ranges corresponds to different lineages displaying ancestor-descendant relationship (e.g., Praeorbitolina-Mesorbitolina). In the last fifty years well established and repeatedly confirmed taxon ranges have been largely extended thereby diluting or negating any biostratigraphic value to individual species. Some biostratigraphic data provided by BouDagher-Fadel et al. (2017) from the Aptian-Albian of Tibet that are contradicting previous results are reviewed herein. This publication mostly refers to the stratigraphic ranges of Praeorbitolina cormyi Schroeder and Pseudochoffatella cuvillieri Deloffre towards the top of the Albian, and that of Palorbitolina lenticularis (Blumenbach) into the late Aptian, as well as some misidentifications.
Deficiencia de vitamina D asociada a hiperfosfatemia en niños
Authors: Virú-Loza Manuel André
Published: September 2021

Los niños con deficiencia de vitamina D pueden tener fósforo normal o alto a pesar de tener una prueba de hormona paratiroidea (PTH) elevada. El pseudohipoparatiroidismo (PHP) se caracteriza por cursar con hiperfosfatemia. La similitud que puede ocurrir entre la deficiencia de vitamina D asociada a hiperfosfatemia y el PHP hace importante revisar reportes de casos de deficiencia de vitamina D asociada a hiperfosfatemia para entender por qué puede ocurrir esta asociación y cuál es la relevancia de estudiar el nivel de vitamina D en niños con sospecha de PHP. El objetivo de esta revisión fue identificar reportes de niños con deficiencia de vitamina D asociada a hiperfosfatemia y discutir los mecanismos de esta asociación. Se identificaron reportes de 7 casos en niños. La deficiencia de vitamina D reduciría la respuesta fosfatúrica ante una PTH elevada. Se concluye que es importante descartar deficiencia de vitamina D en todo niño con sospecha de PHP.
PENINGKATAN KETANGGUHAN MASYARAKAT TERHADAP BENCANA TSUNAMI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE SIMULASI
Authors: Muhammad Zulfikar
Published: September 2021

Indonesia is a country with high-risk potential for various types of disasters because Indonesia is located between three large tectonic plates of the earth, namely the Eurasian Plate, the Indo-Australian Plate and the Pacific Plate. Malang Regency is one of the districts included in the level of high hazard classification for tectonic earthquakes that can cause Tsunamis at any time. The purpose of this study is whether the Tsunami disaster simulation can affect the level of community resilience. This research method is quantitative pre-experimental design using a one-shot case study approach. The number of samples used amounted to 58 people using purposive sampling techniques. The instrument used was a community resilience questionnaire that would be tested using the One-sample t-test. The results of this study found that the value of community resilience after a tsunami disaster simulation averaged more than 100, which means that community resilience is good. P-value calculated> alpha value (0.05). The conclusion of this research is the Tsunami disaster simulation method can influence the level of community resilience. Keywords: Simulation, Tsunami, Community resilience, pre-experimental design Abstrak: Indonesia merupakan Negara dengan potensi risiko tinggi terjadinya berbagai macam jenis bencana, karena Indonesia terletak di antara tiga lempeng tektonik besar bumi, yaitu Lempeng Eurasia, Lempeng Indo-Australia, dan Lempeng Pasifik. Kabupaten malang merupakan salah satu kabupaten yang masuk dalam tingkat klasifikasi bahaya tinggi terhadap bemcana gempa bumi tektonik yang dapat menimbulkan Tsunami sewaktu-waktu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah apakah simulasi bencana Tsunami dapat mempengaruhi tingkat ketangguhan masyarakat. Metode penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif pre experimental design dengan menggunakan pendekatan one shote case study. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan berjumlah 58 orang dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah kuesioner ketangguhan masyarakat yang akan diuji menggunakan uji One sample t test. Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa nila ketangguhan masyarakat setelah dilakukan simulasi bencana Tsunami rata-rata lebih dari 100, yang berarti bahwa ketangguhan masyarakat baik. Nilai P hitung > nilai alpa (0.05). Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah metode simulasi bencana Tsunami dapat mempengaruhi tingkat ketangguhan masyarakat. Kata kunci: Simulasi, Tsunami, Ketangguhan Masyarakat, pre eksperimental design
EFEKTIFITAS LIFE REVIEW THERAPY TERHADAP PENURUNAN DEPRESI PADA LANSIA DI POSYANDU GATOT KOCO DESA PAKISAJI KAB. MALANG
Authors: Nikmah Khoirul , Lumadi Sih Ageng , Maria Lilla
Published: September 2021

The negative impact of decreased bodily functions and psychosocial changes in the elderly can cause depression. One of the therapies that can reduce depression in the elderly is Life Review Therapy. The purpose of this study was to decide the effectiveness of Life Review Therapy on reducing depression in the elderly. This type of pre-experimental research with one group pre-post test design method. Population 47 elderly. The technique of sample retrieval used total sampling. A sample of 47 elderly. Instrument using GDS. Analyze data with the Wilcoxon test. The result of this research showed that level of depression in the elderly before given Life Review Therapy experienced mild depression 47 respondents 100%, the level of depression in the elderly after being given Life Review Therapy became normal 30 respondents 63.8% and mild depression 17 respondents 36.2%, there was a significant effect on Life Review Therapy for decreasing the level of depression in the elderly, with a p value of 0,000. The result of the study concluded that Life Review Therapy was effective in reducing depression in the elderly. Further research suggestions are given more attention to the number and availability of photos for each theme so that there can be time uniformity during therapy, and the questions are more varied.Keywords: Life Review Therapy, Depression, Elderly