bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La motivación en el aprendizaje durante la última década
Authors: Justiniano Flores Rosmery Juliana , Cancino Cotrina Doris Magdalena
Published: January 2024

La motivación entendida como aquella predisposición, energía o fuerza de naturaleza interna y positiva es lo que mueve al sujeto a realizar un aprendizaje desarrollando sus competencias, capacidades y actitudes. El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar la importancia de la motivación en el aprendizaje a partir de las investigaciones realizadas en la última década. La metodología corresponde a una revisión sistemática para lo cual se siguió una cadena de búsqueda en tres bases de datos Scopus, EBSCOhost y Scielo encontrándose un total de 857 estudios de los cuales se seleccionó 22 estudios. Se concluye que las investigaciones realizadas en la última década indican que la motivación determina el grado de interés por el aprendizaje ya que permite al sujeto establecerse metas a corto y largo plazo, influyendo el rol del educador, la autonomía, el contexto, los conocimientos, las experiencias previas y las estrategias con las que se aprende.
La evaluación formativa en el estudiante del nivel secundaria
Authors: Pasquel Flores Fernando , Manguinuri Riveiro Polo Giusti , Solis Trujillo Beymar Pedro
Published: January 2024

El estudio del progreso académico en estudiantes de nivel secundario mediante la implementación de diversas herramientas y técnicas formativas ha alcanzado un gran interés investigativo a nivel internacional y nacional. El objetivo de investigación fue analizar el proceso de evaluación formativa desarrollada por el docente. Por ello, se realizó una revisión sistemática descriptiva implementando una exploración de literaturas científicas a partir del 2015 hasta 2021, sobre todos los artículos disponibles en revistas indexadas. en las cuales se verificó en cuatro plataformas de búsqueda, Concytec, Scopus, ESBCO y ProQuest. Como conclusión del análisis documental, se evidenció que el desarrollo de la evaluación final y sumativa está por encima de la evaluación formativa en la actualidad y de que no permite un criterio correcto de los resultados del proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje y sumado al poco compromiso del estudiante en su proceso de aprendizaje, manifestando de la necesaria capacitación al docente en evaluación formativa.
The reflection of managerial control actions in the digital twin of the organization
Authors: Samosudov Mikhail V. , Bagrin Pavel P. , Matyash Arseniy V. , Zuikov Yan V. , Andreeva Victoria A.
Published: January 2024

The work carried out earlier allows us to assert that a digital twin of an organization can be created on the basis of a comprehensive agentbased mathematical model of a social system functioning in an active environment. Such a digital twin, consisting of a set of databases for recording initial data and calculated values of system parameters, as well as data collection and processing modules, allows you to automate the functions of analyzing the activities and the state of the organization to determine systemic problems, the causes of the results of activities, as well as the calculation of control actions and determining the effect of the control actions of the head. The purpose of this work is to determine the parameters of the control action that need to be recorded in the digital twin of the organization in order, using a simulation model, to calculate the effect of the impact, the dynamics of the social system in the socio-economic space.
The impact of digital technologies on the effectiveness of english language learning by medical students
Authors: Levitskaia Anna
Published: January 2024

Globalization and increasing demands on specialists determined the need to learn a foreign language in the modern world. Consequently, higher education institutions need to improve the educational programme for the preparation of future specialists for professional activities. The aim of this research was to determine the effectiveness of the use of modern digital technologies during the study of a foreign language by medical students. The research employed the methods of expert evaluation, preand post-testing (CEFR), a survey with the inclusion of a technology perception model. Cronbach’s alpha was used to check the reliability of the used questionnaires. Cohen’s kappa coefficient and Pearson’s chi-squared test were used for statistical processing of the results. The study found that students of the experimental group who studied using different digital technologies showed significantly more success in improving foreign language skills after the final test than students of the control group. The novelty of this study is that the study of English by medical students was carried out using digital technologies that were chosen according to the age, profession and foreign language proficiency level of the experimental sample of students. Prospects for further research may be to determine the effectiveness of artificial intelligence during foreign language learning by medical students.
Systemic Treatment of Pediatric Psoriasis
Authors: Музыченко А.П.
Published: January 2024

Псориаз – хроническое иммуноопосредованное воспалительное заболевание с выраженными кожными проявлениями. Ограниченное количество лекарственных препаратов, одобренных для лечения детского псориаза, затрудняет лечение этой категории населения. Псориаз в детском возрасте часто несвоевременно диагностируется, и пациенты не получают своевременного лечения. При разработке стратегии лечения таких пациентов клиницисты должны взвесить относительные риски и потенциальную пользу от применяемого способа лечения.

Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory disease with prominent cutaneous features, although the limited number of medications approved for pediatric psoriasis makes treating this population difficult. Pediatric psoriasis is underrecognized and often undertreated. Clinicians must balance relative risks and potential benefits when developing a treatment strategy for these patients.
Awareness of Students of Higher Educational Institutions about Psoriasis as a Component of Success in the Social Adaptation of Patients
Authors: Новоселецкая А.И. , Качук Д.Н. , Куратчик О.М. , Лакатун О.В.
Published: January 2024

Проблема псориаза имеет не только медицинскую, но и социальную значимость. Псориаз значительно ухудшает качество жизни пациентов, а также влияет на их работоспособность и социальную активность. Снижение качества жизни наблюдается не только у пациентов, но и у членов их семей. Поэтому можно сделать вывод о том, что не только пациенты с псориазом нуждаются в организации так называемых «Школ для пациентов с псориазом», но и окружающие их люди.

The problem of psoriasis has not only medical, but also social significance. It significantly worsens the quality of life of patients, and also affects their performance and social activity. A decrease in quality of life is observed not only in patients, but also in their family members. Therefore, we can conclude that not only patients with psoriasis need to organize so-called "Schools for patients with psoriasis", but also the people around them.
Thermal stress comfort in a contemporary housing district in a moderate climate zone, Lublin as a case study
Authors: Kozak Małgorzata , Krupa Karol , Hołownia Damian
Published: January 2024

Urban climate and its impact on the thermal comfort of residents are significant aspects in urban planning and the design of housing estates. The aim of this article is to investigate the temperature perception among residents in a contemporary residential area in Lublin during the hottest day, utilising an advanced computer simulation tool – the ENVI-met programme. A modern, densely built housing estate with no significant greenery was selected as a case study. General meteorological and spatial data were used for calibrating the housing estate model within the software. The housing estate model within the programme was calibrated using publicly available meteorological and spatial data, and computer simulations were conducted for Lublin's hottest day on 22 July 2022. Based on these simulations, the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) was calculated. The research results indicate that people experience moderate thermal stress in unshaded areas only at 4:00 pm, while in sunny locations, they experience strong to very strong heat stress throughout the day. This article underscores the importance of computer simulations in analysing the urban microclimate and provides insights into tools that can be used in urban planning and housing estate design processes, with the aim of creating more comfortable and environmentally friendly urban environments.
Efficacy of Intralesion Injection of Combined 5-Flourouracil and Triamcinolone versus Triamcinalone alone in Keloids and Hypertrophic Scars: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Rizwan Samia , Ali Ahmed , Aslam Ayesha , Aman Sameena , Saleem Nousheen , Nasir Malaika , Ikram Anum , Hummayoun Shanzay , Butt Amnah Hassan
Published: January 2024

Objective: The treatment of keloids and hypertrophic scars is challenging and controversial. The therapeutic agents found in the literature include silicone sheets, compression garments, corticosteroid injections, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), bleomycin and interferon, topical imiquimod, cryotherapy, radiation, and laser or light-based therapies. Triamcinolone acetonide (TCA), a corticosteroid, considered first line treatment for the prevention and treatment of keloids and hypertrophic scars. To compare the efficacy of triamcinolone acetonide alone and triamcinolone acetonide plus 5-florouracil for treating keloids and hypertrophic scars in burn patients.

Methodology: In this study, the patients were divided into two groups A and B on the basis of treatment regimen, i.e. Group A (TCA alone) and Group B (5FU+TCA). The efficacy of both treatments was compared for improvement in Vancouver scar scale (VSS) and pruritus scale.

Results: The mean VSS score pretreatment was calculated as 10.74±2.36 in Group A and 10.27±3.14 in Group B.  Post-treatment, it was reduced to 5.58±1.04 in Group-A and 3.41±2.11 in Group-B. The comparison of efficacy shows an improvement of 65.80% in Group A and 75.07% in Group B; the p value was 0.047, showing a significant difference.

Conclusion: Combination therapy of intra-lesion injection of triamcinolone acetonide and 5-florouracil has significantly higher efficacy as compared to triamcinolone acetonide alone for the treatment of keloids and hypertrophic scars, but necessary precautions have to be taken.
Analisis Strategi Fuel Tankering Pada Rutejakarta-Makassar-Jayapura Untuk Pesawat Boeing 737-800 Dengan Variasi Jumlah Penumpang
Authors: Mirino Nathaniel Ericsson , Susilo Tri , Sakti K Aprilia
Published: January 2024

Biaya konsumsi bahan bakar merupakan salah satu pengeluaran yang cukup besar dalam operasional pesawat udara. Strategi yang bisa digunakan untuk menghemat biaya pengeluaran bahan bakar adalah Fuel Tankering. Strategi ini diterapkan guna memperkecil biayaoperasional dan didasarkan pada perbedaan harga bahan bakar di setiap Bandara keberangkatan dan Bandara tujuan. Penelitian ini akan mempelajari serta menganalisis penerapan strategi fuel tankering dan juga perhitungan terhadap biaya refueling dengan menggunakan beberapa variasi jumlah penumpang. Objek penelitian dikhusukan pada pesawat Boeing 737-800 untuk rute penerbangan CGK-UPG-CGK dan CGK-DJJ-CGK. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diperoleh bahwa refueling dengan menggunakan strategi fuel tankering dapat dilakukan selama jumlah FLoad tidak menyebabkan pesawat over weight. Diperoleh juga bahwa strategi fuel tankering pada rute terbang CGK-UPG-CGK bisa diterapkan maksimal pada kondisi muatan maximum untuk penerbangan CGK-UPG dan 25% Pax untuk penerbangan kembali UPG-CGK. Dengan kondisi muatan seperti ini, penerapan strategi fuel tankering lebih efektif daripada refueling secara normal dengan nilai rata-rata saving cost sebesar Rp. 18.287.443,89 (9,18%). Sedangkan strategi fuel tankering pada rute terbang CGK-DJJ-CGK bisa diterapkan maksimal pada kondisi muatan 50% Pax untuk penerbangan CGK-DJJ dan maximum payload untuk penerbangan kembali DJJ-CGK. Dengan kondisi muatan seperti ini, penerapan strategi fuel tankering lebih efektif daripada refueling secara normal dengan nilai rata-rata saving cost sebesar Rp. 4.103.411,16 (0,93%).
Proses Modifikasi Alat Anemometer Pada Alat Peraga Mini Wind Tunnel
Authors: Azzahra Melinda , Chaeroni Amat , Rosadi Imron
Published: January 2024

Seiring berkembangnya teknologi dan ilmu pengetahuan yang cukup pesat, termasuk pada bidang aerodinamika dibutuhkan alat yang dapat menguji bentuk aerodinamis dari suatu rancangan yang telah didesain disebut terowongan angin (wind tunnel). Wind tunnel merupakan alat uji yang digunakan untuk mensimulasikan keadaan kondisi airfoil pada saat berinteraksi dengan aliran udara. Airfoil adalah bentuk dari suatu sayap pesawat dua dimensi yang dapat menghasilkan gaya angkat (lift) atau efek aerodinamika ketika melewati suatu aliran udara. Benda uji airfoil dapat terangkat oleh kecepatan angin dari putaran propeller pada alat peraga wind tunnel. Sehingga dibutuhkan alat untuk mengukur kecepatan aliran udara yaitu Anemometer. Dibuatnya tugas akhir ini, untuk mengetahui proses modifikasi alat anemometer yang lebih praktis dari sebelumnya sesuai dengan alat peraga wind tunnel dan untuk mengetahui hasil pengukuran kecepatan aliran udara pada saat airfoil terangkat. Proses pengujian ini menggunakan metode sensor windmill sebagai pengambilan data dengan posisi sensor windmill ditempatkan di daerah ke-II dengan jarak 10 cm dari honeycomb ke sensor windmill dan jarak 17 cm dari sensor windmill ke leading edge airfoil dan sensor hold untuk mengetahui pada saat airfoil terangkat pertamakalinya. Pengujian Dari hasil pengujian diperoleh hasil pengukuran pada masing-masing airfoil, pada airfoil NACA 4412 memperoleh kecepatan aliran udara dari pengujian pertama 9,0 m/s, pengujian kedua 9,7 m/s, pengujian ketiga 9,9 m/s, pengujian keempat 10,2 m/s dan pengujian kelima 11,0 m/s. Pada airfoil NACA 2412 memperoleh kecepatan aliran udara dari pengujian pertama 10,7 m/s, pengujian kedua 11,12 m/s, pengujian ketiga 11,8 m/s, pengujian keempat 11,4 m/s, dan pengujian kelima 11,8 m/s. Maka airfoil NACA 2412 lebih cepat terangkat dibandingkan airfoil NACA 4412 dengan melihat nilai rata-rata dalam lima pengujian dari airfoil NACA 4412 memperoleh hasil pengukuran 9,96 m/s dan airfoil NACA 2412 memperoleh hasil pengukuran 11,38 m/s.
Asesmen Keberbakatan Nontes Untuk Mengidentifikasi Siswa Berbakat (Giftedness)
Authors: Rahmah Hardiyanti
Published: January 2024

Siswa berbakat atau gifted masih jarang diidentifikasi menggunakan metode nontes seperti pengisian angket, observasi dan wawancara, karena kebanyakan identifikasi siswa berbakat biasanya dengan melalui serangkaian tes psikologi, padahal selain tes psikologi yang hanya bisa dilakukan oleh Psikolog asesmen keberbakatan juga bisa dilakukan dengan metode nontes yaitu dengan mengisi angket nominasi dari orang tua, guru, diri sendiri dan teman sebaya, disertai dengan hasil wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi prestasi siswa. Sehingga tujuan pada penelitian ini adalah melakukan asesmen keberbakatan dengan metode nontes untuk mengidentifikasi siswa berbakat di tingkat sekolah dasar. Adapun metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan wawancara, observasi, dokumentasi dan mengisi angket survei oleh subjek, teman sebaya, orang tua dan guru. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keempat subjek penelitian dapat diidentifikasi keberbakatannya melalui metode nontes atau hanya dengan hasil wawancara, observasi, dokumentasi dan hasil angket survei nominasi orang tua, guru, teman sebaya dan diri sendiri sebagai identifikasi tahap awal.
Pengaruh Model Student Achievement Division Berbantuan Multiply Cards Terhadap Kemampuan Berhitung Siswa
Authors: Ufaiwiyah Futhoirotul , Suryawan Ari , Purwandari Septiyati , Kurniawati Oktavia
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) berbantuan media pembelajaran Multiply Cards terhadap kemampuan berhitung siswa kelas III MI Muhammadiyah Al Muttaqien Kabupaten Sleman. Implikasi penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berhitung siswa dengan model STAD. Penelitian menggunakan metode kuantitatif desain pre-experimental design tipe one group pretest-posttest. Penelitian ini termasuk ke dalam penelitian populasi karena semua siswa kelas III menjadi subjek penelitian. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa 30 soal pilihan ganda yang dijadikan sebagai soal pretest dan posttest siswa. Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji paired sample t-test. Keseluruhan data berdistribusi normal ditunjukkan dengan uji normalitas. Uji paired sample t-test menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan antara nilai pretest dimana nilai posttest lebih tinggi dari pada nilai posttest. Berdasarkan hasil analisis statistic inferensial dengan mengguankan uji-t dapat diketahui bahwa t-hitung sebesar 9,302 dengan (df) sebesar 17 pada taraf dignifikasi 0,05 diperoleh ttabel 2,110. Maka thitung > ttabel = 9,302 > 2,110 maka diperoleh 0,00 < 0,05 dengan demikian  diterima dan  ditolak. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) berbantuan media pembelajaran Multiply Cards efektif diterapkan karena dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berhitung siswa kelas III MI Muhammadiyah Al Muttaqien Kabupaten Sleman.
Penggunaan Media Realia Termodifikasi Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPA di MI Plus Al Falah Banjarmasin
Authors: Jumiati Jumiati , Kumala Sari , Arifa Tutus Rani
Published: January 2024

Guru memilih pendekatan pendidikan yang mencakup pemilihan model dan teknik pembelajaran, serta penetapan media pembelajaran. Proses pembelajaran disesuaikan dengan keberhasilan, kemampuan, dan potensi siswa. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk meningkatkan pencapaian hasil belajar IPA di MI Plus Al Falah Banjarmasin melalui penggunaan media realia termodifikasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas yang melibatkan perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, dan refleksi untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Metode Tindakan Kelas melibatkan pengamatan terhadap proses belajar, dengan melakukan tindakan yang disengaja dan diimplementasikan secara bersama-sama. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan yang signifikan dalam hasil belajar siswa dari siklus I ke siklus II, dengan tingkat ketuntasan belajar mencapai 80%. Ini menunjukkan bahwa media yang digunakan berhasil dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa terhadap materi IPA. Kesimpulan dari pemanfaatan media realia termodifikasi efektif dalam peningkatan hasil belajar IPA di MI Plus Al Falah Banjarmasin. Penting untuk terus mengembangkan dan meningkatkan media pembelajaran untuk memastikan bahwa setiap siswa memiliki kesempatan yang sama untuk belajar dan mencapai potensi mereka.
Peran Guru Agama dalam Penanaman Nilai-Nilai Multikultural di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Suharsono Suharsono
Published: January 2024

Pendekatan multikultural dalam pendidikan Islam bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi dan menghargai perbedaan, serta mempromosikan pemahaman, toleransi, dan kerja sama antar umat beragama dalam konteks sosial melalui peran guru Agama. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian studi kasus. Adapun metode pengumpulan data menggunakan metode observasi, interview serta dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data merujuk pada teori Miles dan Huberman dengan tahapan pengumpulan data, reduksi data, display data dan melakukan penarikan kesimpulan, Teknik pengecekan keabsahan temuan dilakukan dengan Teknik triangulas, member check, perpanjangan keikutsertaan, diskusi dengan teman. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa konsep yang dikembangkan melalui kegiatan di dalam kelas tersusun dalam RPP yang di dalamnya terdapat nilai toleransi dan saling menghormati, untuk kegiatan pembelajaran diluar kelas terkonsep dalam rapat mingguan, rapat bulanan dan tahunan. Proses pelaksanaan kegiatan di dalam kelas dengan metode ceramah dan tanya jawab, kegiatan diluar kelas melalui upacara bendera dan rutinitas keagamaan. Hasil penanaman nilai-nilai multikultural melalui kegiatan di dalam kelas adalah toleransi yang tercermin dalam sikap menghormati dan menghargai perbedaan keyakinan, persamaan hak dalam berbagai kegiatan di dalam kelas, melalui kegiatan diluar kelas kerukunan antar siswa muslim dan nasrani, saling bekerja sama dalam berbagai kegiatan, pembentukan identitas agama yang kuat.
Peningkatan Motivasi Belajar Siswa Kelas IV Menggunakan Video Pembelajaran dan Aplikasi Quizizz pada Pembelajaran Pendidikan Pancasila
Authors: Cemerlang Sri Handayani , Mufarizuddin Mufarizuddin , Ananda Rizki , Aprinawati Iis , Pebriana Putri Hana
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh kurangnya keaktifan siswa dalam pembelajaran, kurangnya semangat dalam proses pembelajaran, pembelajaran yang monoton sehingga membuat siswa lebih banyak tidur, bermain dan kurangnya minat belajar sehingga kurangnya motivasi siswa untuk belajar pada pembelajaran Pendidikan Pancasila di SDN 013 Laboy Jaya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk meningkatkan motivasi belajar pada pembelajaran Pendidikan Pancasila. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang dilaksanakan dua siklus. Setiap siklus terdiri dari dua pertemuan dan empat tahap, yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, refleksi, dan waktu penelitian dilaksanakan mulai bulan Maret hingga Agustus 2023. Subjek penelitian ini siswa kelas IV yang berjumlah 20 orang, dengan jumlah laki-laki 6 orang dan siswa perempuan 14 orang. Teknik pengumpulan data berupa angket, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa hasil tergolong baik. Dapat dilihat dari data siklus I pertemuan 1 mengalami peningkatan rata-rata 56,45 dengan ketuntasan klasikal 35%, sedangkan pada siklus I pertemuan 2 mengalami peningkatan rata-rata menjadi 62,9 dengan ketuntasan klasikal 50%. Sedangkan pada siklus II pertemuan 1 mengalami peningkatan rata-rata 79,1 dengan ketuntasan klasikal 70% dan pada siklus II Pertemuan 2 rata-rata kembali meningkat menjadi 81,95 dengan ketuntasan klasikal sebesar 85%. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengan menggunakan aplikasi quizizz dan video pembelajaran dapat meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa kelas IV SDN 013 Laboy Jaya.
Avulovirus circulation among wild birds in Ukraine in 2017–2020
Authors: Kolesnyk O. S.
Published: January 2024

In 2017–2020, virological monitoring of the circulation of avian avuloviruses among wild waterfowl and shorebirds of 53 species belonging to 8 families was conducted in the northern (Chernihiv) and southern (Odesa, Kherson, Zaporizhzhia, and Mykolaiv) regions of Ukraine. Since almost the entire territory of Ukraine lies within the main bird migration routes, a significant number of shorebirds nest and winter in the south of our country, and in fact, the entire south of Ukraine is at high risk of spreading pathogens that can be transmitted by birds, including avulovirus infections, throughout the year. A variety of avian avuloviruses are widely distributed among different hosts, but there is a large knowledge gap in understanding the movement of these viruses in wild populations. The results of virological monitoring showed that avuloviruses of different serotypes are actively circulating among wild birds of different ecological groups. During this period, 39 isolates of avuloviruses were isolated from wild birds. Based on the serologic identification results, it was found that most avulovirus isolates (n = 18) had cross-reactions, accounting for 46.15%. A total of 9 isolates belonged to AaV 1, accounting for 23.07%. 5 isolates belonged to AaV 4, which is 12.8%. 2 isolates belonged to AaV 9, which is 5.12%. AaV 6 and AaV 7 had two isolates each, which together accounted for 10.24%. 1 isolate belonged to AaV 3, which is 2.56%. It was also found that the highest number of isolates was isolated during wintering — 23 isolates and during autumn migration — 10 isolates, and the lowest number during nesting and spring migration, 4 and 2 isolates, respectively. The infection rate of wild birds with avuloviruses ranged from 0.13% to 11.76%. The most infected with avuloviruses were the species of common lamb (11.76%), and the least infected were the gray goose (0.13%)
National Law and International Law in Indonesian (Between Monism or Dualism)
Authors: Jambak Fabian , Baharuddin Didin , Erna Sry Denasty Neng
Published: January 2024

Abstrak: Rangkaian sejarah panjang perdebatan hubungan hukum nasional dengan hukum internasional menunjukan tidak mudahnya mentranformasikan hukum nasional yang mengakomodir keduanya. Monisme dan dualisme di Indonesia dipraktekan secara bergantian sesuai dengan kebutuhan dalam peradilan dalam memutuskan suatu perkara. Prakteknya disesuaikan dengan keyakinan dalam menilai suatu peristiwa hukum perlu ditranformasikan menjadi hukum nasional atau tidak, walaupun secara doktrin Indonesia menganut monisme sebagaimana diamatkan oleh Pasal 11 Undang-Undang Dasar 1945. Kontradiksi dari keduanya menyebabkan Indonesia belum secara tegas dan konsisten dalam melaksanakan konstitusi. Metode deskritif historis dengan periodesasi: Orde Lama, Orde Baru dan Orde Reformasi digunakan untuk memberikan gambaran dan pemahaman bahwa dengan rangkaian sejarah dapat menunjukan secara jelas mengenai hubungan hukum nasional dengan hukum internasional di Indonesia. Ketegasan sikap pemerintah Indonessia menjadi titik tolok penting dalam menentukan pilihan demi terwujudnya kepastian hukum, perlindungan terhadap hak asasi manusi dan menguatkan lembaga peradilan dalam memutuskan suatu perkara terhadap sengketa yang melibatkan entitas internasional.
 
Abstract: The long history of the debate on the relationship between national law and international law shows that it is not easy to transform national law to accommodate both. Monism and dualism in Indonesia are practiced alternately according to the needs of the judiciary in deciding a case. The practice is adjusted to the belief in assessing a legal event needs to be transformed into national law or not, although doctrinally Indonesia adheres to monism as stated by Article 11 of the 1945 Constitution. The contradiction between the two causes Indonesia to not firmly and consistently implement the constitution. Historical descriptive method with periodization: Old Order, New Order and Reform Order is used to provide an overview and understanding that with a series of history can show clearly about the relationship between national law and international law in Indonesia. The firmness of the Indonesian government's stance is an important benchmark in making choices for the realization of legal certainty, protection of human rights and strengthening the judiciary in deciding a case against disputes involving international entities.
PERIPHERAL OSSIFYING FIBROMA - A CASE REPORT
Authors: Preeti Preeti
Published: January 2024

One of the most frequently encountered lesions in the oral cavity includes localized gingival growths, which are observed to be more reactive than
neoplastic. Peripheral ossifying broma represents solitary gingival growth of connective tissue origin. In this case report, we discuss a case of 40-
year-old female presented in the oral and maxillofacial department with complaint of painless overgrowth in the right anterior region of mandible
extending from right lateral incisor to right is premolar region. Clinically, the lesion was asymptomatic, non-tender, sessile and shows cherry
reddish colour. Surgical excision of the lesion was done followed by histopathological conrmation.
CURRENT KNOWLEDGE IN AETIOPATHOGENESIS AND MANAGEMENT OF BUDD- CHIARI SYNDROME IN PREGNANCY: A CASE SERIES ANALYSIS IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE
Authors: R Shenoy Dhanya , Sabu Brinda , R Vidyalekshmy , Mohan Sajith
Published: January 2024

Budd Chiari Syndrome(BCS) is a congestive hepatopathy due to narrowing and obstruction of hepatic venous outow. While it is a rare condition,
it presents a signicant clinical challenge, and pregnancy, because of the prothrombotic state, has a markedly adverse impact on the disease's
progression. With the therapeutic advances in medicine and the emergence of new interventional Radiology techniques especially Trans-jugular
Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt(TIPS), the number of affected women with BCS embarking on pregnancy is on the rise. However, limited
evidence exists for the management of pregnancy in such women. Here, we present case reports of 3 patients with BCS to discuss the effect of
pregnancy on the course of BCS and vice-versa, and to highlight the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach in such patients. Additionally, we
have tried to formulate a management plan for pregnant patients with BCS.
STUDY OF CLINICAL PROFILE OF HYPOTHYROIDISM IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: Chauhan Megha , Sharma Meenu
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), two important metabolic hormones produced by the thyroid gland, control growth,
development, and metabolic rate. High blood S.TSH concentrations along with normal levels of free thyroid hormone (FT4) and free
triiodothyronine (FT3), together with little or no hypothyroidism symptoms, are referred to as subclinical hypothyroidism. Methods: A
prospective observational study was carried out in the hospital's medical department at Dr. RPGMC in Tanda, Himachal Pradesh, India. The study
comprised 100 participants older than 15 years who had a veried diagnosis of hypothyroidism. Every patient who had symptoms and signs
suggestive of hypothyroidism, as well as those whose thyroid proles suggested hypothyroidism and who were over 15 years old, were enrolled in
the study with their informed consent. Results: The most prevalent presenting complaint (81%) was weakness related to hypothyroidism, which
was followed by weight gain (65%), irregular menstruation (49%), irritability (51%), and facial pufness (44%). The most prevalent comorbidity
was vitamin D deciency (37%) which was followed by vitamin B12 (6%), diabetes (25%), hypertension (21%), and anemia (31%). The most
prevalent condition was pedal edema, which was followed by thyroid swelling (12%), bradycardia (17%), dry skin (33%), depression (29%), and
pallor (35%). Conclusion: Evaluating patients on a frequent basis for signs and symptoms of anorexia, weight gain, constipation, irregular
menstruation, dry skin, weakness, and cold intolerance voice loss, hair falling out, pufness on the face, swollen thyroid.
A COMPARATIVE IN VITRO STUDY EVALUATING THE INCIDENCE OF ROOT MICROCRACKS CAUSED BY THREE DIFFERENT SINGLE-FILE SYSTEMS VERSUS THE PROTAPER SYSTEM
Authors: Tayeeb Syed Mohammed
Published: January 2024

Aim: To evaluate and compare the incidence of root microcracks observed in the canal wall after instrumentation with three single le systems (i.e.
OneShape, F6 SkyTaper and WaveOne Gold) with the ProTaper system. Seventy ve Materials and Methods: human mandibular incisor teeth
with straight roots and single canal were selected. After decoronation, the specimens were mounted in resin blocks with simulated periodontal
ligaments. The coronal part of each specimen was ared with a #2 Gates-Glidden drill, after which the specimens were randomly divided into ve
groups (n=15). In control group, no further instrumentation was done after coronal aring with #2 Gates Glidden drill. In Group 1, instrumentation
of canals was performed with the ProTaper Universal le system (Dentsply Maillefer) until ProTaper F2. In Group 2, the canals were prepared with
OneShape single rotary le #25.06 (Micro-Mega, France). In Group 3, the instrumentation of canals was performed with F6 SkyTaper single le
#25.06 (Komet Dental, Lemgo, Germany). In Group 4, the canals were prepared with WaveOne Gold (Dentsply Maillefer) small #20.07
reciprocating single le. Roots of each specimen were sectioned at 3, 6, and 9mm from the apex and were then viewed under a stereomicroscope to
evaluate presence or absence of dentinal microcracks. Data were subjected to statistical analysis using a chi square test and the level of signicance
was set at P < 0.05. Dentinal defects were found in all experimental groups. Results: Lowest incidence of microcracks was observed in the Gates
Glidden group (8.9%) which was also the control group, whereas highest incidence of microcracks was observed in F6 SkyTaper group (33.3%).
ProTaper group showed higher incidence of microcracks (28.9%) compared to OneShape group and WaveOne Gold group (20.0%). However,
there were no statistically signicant differences between any of the experimental groups (p=0.055). Root canal instrumentation with Conclusion:
F6 SkyTaper single le system caused higher incidence of dentinal defects followed by the ProTaper system. OneShape single le system with an
asymmetrical design and WaveOne Gold system with improved metallurgy had lesser potential to induce microcracks in root dentine.
ASSESSMENT OF THE CULTURE POSITIVITY OF BLOOD PATHOGENS AND CLINICAL OUTCOME OF NEONATAL SEPTICAEMIA PATIENTS ADMITTED IN INTRAMURAL NICU OF A TERTIARY CARE REFERRAL HOSPITAL.
Authors: Nirmal Kirti , Saini Vikas , Kumari Sweta , Pal Singh Narendra , Das Shukla , Jothisri L. , Chaudhary Deeksha , Srivastava Sushil , Bansal Ajay Kumar
Published: January 2024

Summary: Septicemia has been found to occur in 2.3% of intramural live births.2 It is estimated that 20% of all neonates develop sepsis3 and is
responsible for 30-50% of total neonatal death in developing countries. Moreover, the causative organisms of EOS and LOS sepsis are similar,
especially in a hospital setting in a developing country. This cross-sectional, observational study was conducted from August 2021 to August 2022
in the Department of Microbiology and Pediatrics at the UCMS & GTBH Delhi. Atotal of 1250 patients having clinical suspected neonatal sepsis
admitted in intramural NICU of tertiary Hospital with a birth weight of ≥ 1000 gm and/or birth gestation of 28+0 to 41+6 weeks were included in
this study. A blood culture sample was processed according to standard guidelines. Out of the 1250 suspected septicemia newborns patients,
bacterial blood culture positive in 350 (28%) patients. Although 72% (900) patients blood culture samples were sterile after 48 hours incubation
and 5th day subculture. Of the 350 bacterial cultures-positive septicemia patients, 250 (71.4%) patients had been diagnosed with a case of earlyonset sepsis (EOS). Whereas, Late-onset sepsis (LOS) was three times lesser than EOS 28.5%. Present study Gram-negative 233 (66.57%)
bacterial blood culture isolates were more than Gram-positive blood culture bacterial isolates 117 (33.42%).The AST of bacterial blood culture
isolates were analyzed. Our study indomitable the burden; demographic, clinical and laboratory parameters; etiology; phenotypic prole of AMR,
and risk factors for NICU associated neonatal sepsis in intramural newborns. High burden of neonatal sepsis and associated antimicrobial
resistance were documented.
INTRAHEPATIC CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA AS NON-RESOLVING LIVER ABSCESS- A CASE REPORT
Authors: Doijode Rahul , Sankareswaran Sugaprakash , Raju Prabhakaran , Lakshmana moorthy Naganath Babu Obla
Published: January 2024

Malignant liver lesion as liver abscess and presenting with fever, is mainly described in patients with colorectal liver metastasis, Neuroendocrine
liver metastasis. Primary liver tumors such as hepatocellular carcinoma or intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma presenting as non-resolving liver
abscess is extremely uncommon and carries a dismal prognosis. We present a rare case of non-resolving liver abscess as a presenting manifestation
of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
A STUDY OF DRUG UTILIZATION IN EMERGENCY MEDICINE DEPARTMENT IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: B. Burute Ramchandra , Burute Shreyas Ramchandra , O.P Soni Neelam , Mathews K Disney , Shinde Satish
Published: January 2024

Introduction– Studies on drug utilisation in Emergency Medicine department are needed to evaluate compliance to recommended guidelines and
to rationalise the drug usage. However, studies in tertiary care centres show a varying pattern in disease burden and drug use. Hence a survey was
conducted in the emergency medicine department on Drug utilisation, understand medication patterns, disease prevalence, polypharmacy, and
alignment with national drug policy. Methodology- This was a prospective observational study, documenting patient demographics, diagnosis,
medications, dosage form and whether drugs were prescribed by generic or brand names. Prescribing patterns were analysed and compared to
WHO indicators. Results- In 160 encounters, 95 males and 65 females. Majority were young (21-40 years), were admitted, mainly due to trauma
[30(18.75%)] and then gastrointestinal problems [29(18.12%)]. IV uids (88.74%) were the top prescribed .Intravenous was the most common
route. On average, 4.15 medications were prescribed per encounter. Out of 665 drugs, 31.87% were generic and 78.94% were essential drugs.
Conclusion- The study indicates that our drug prescribing practices do not fully meet the WHO prescribing indicators, suggesting a need for
healthcare providers to work together to ensure compliance with WHO's drug use standards.
IMPROVING PLANNING TARGET VOLUME COVERAGE BY BOLUS: A LESS COMMONLY USED ENTITY
Authors: Roy Anu , Nigam Jitendra , N S Silambarasan , S Navitha , Kumar Piyush
Published: January 2024

Introduction: In external beam radiotherapy, megavoltage photon beams exhibit a skin-sparing effect. Therefore, a bolus can facilitate dose build-up,
delivering ample doses to supercial lesions. The Aim Of The Study: aim of this study was to analyse the impact of a bolus on skin dose and PTV
coverage in IMRT plans for head and neck malignancies. Patients with various head and neck carcinomas Material And Methods: treated with IMRT
plans were recruited for this retrospective study. Eclipse version 13.6 TPS was utilized for planning. All 20 patients underwent IMRT treatment without
a bolus. The skin was contoured with a 5mm margin from the body outline. Subsequently, another plan was created, integrating a 5mm virtual bolus
across all elds, followed by optimization for inverse planning. Objectives pertaining to PTV and OARs were maintained consistently across both
plans. Statistical analyses comparing both plans were conducted using the Student T-test. Results: Revealed a signicant increase in skin dose with the
bolus compared to the non-bolus plans (P<0.00001). However, for patients with PTV closer to the skin, bolus-utilizing plans demonstrated superior
coverage (V95% – P=0.02). The dose received by the OARs did not exhibit statistical signicance. The Conclusion: utilization of a bolus emerges as an
effective method for improving target coverage, especially when the PTV is in proximity to the skin. Nevertheless, it's crucial to precisely fabricate and
position the bolus on the patient to mitigate the risk of skin toxicities, given its potential to increase the mean skin dose.
A STUDY ON VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY IN CHRONIC METFORMIN THERAPY IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS
Authors: Chaudhary Hemant , Ali Baig Saif , Vyas Gaurav , Singla Pankaj
Published: January 2024

Background: The rst-line oral hypoglycemic drug for type 2 diabetes mellitus is metformin, which is widely used. It is well known that a patient's
vitamin B12 status may be affected by his age and duration of diabetes. The present study aimed to determine the frequency of vitamin B12
deciency in patients taking metformin. Methods: Patients with diabetes mellitus taking metformin and examined in the outpatient department
(Department of General Medicine) of Rama Medical University and Hospital, Hapur (U.P.) participated in this cross-sectional study. Participants
with type 1 diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes, previous vitamin B12 therapy, gastrectomy, colectomy, IBD, and known malignancy were
excluded from the study. Results: Total 50 patients who met the study eligibility requirements were included, with a mean age of 52.42± 5.9 years
and a sex ratio of 58% men to 42% women. Thirty per cent of subjects had vitamin B12 deciency (202 pg/ml), sixteen per cent had low vitamin
B12 levels (203-338 pg/ml), and fty-four per cent had normal vitamin B12 levels (> 339 pg/ml). In those with type 2 diabetes mellitus, vitamin
B12 deciency correlated signicantly with the dose and duration of metformin use. Conclusion: Patients taking metformin had a greater
frequency of vitamin B12 insufciency in the current study. The study also found a higher incidence of vitamin B12 insufciency with long-term
metformin therapy and higher doses. The level of metformin intake and duration of intake correlate strongly negatively with vitamin B12 levels in
people with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
EVALUATION OF MEAN PLATELET VOLUME(MPV) AS PROGNOSTIC CRITERIA IN CRITICALLY ILL SEPTIC PATIENTS.
Authors: Jaiswal Anand , Dhandh Yogesh , Arora Anshu
Published: January 2024

Assessment of Mean Platelet Volume(MPV) as a predictor of Mortality in patients with Severe Sepsis or Septic Shock. Aim And Objective- To
evaluate the correlation which exists between the change in Mean Platelet Volume of patients of Severe Sepsis and their mortality in 28 days during
their 72 hours of admission. Materials and Methods: We prospectively enrolled 50 patients admitted to ICU of Rama Medical College through
Emergency department received standardized resuscitation for severe sepsis and/or septic shock between December 2022 and May 2023.The
Changes in platelet indices, including ΔMPV72h-adm, were compared between survivors and non-survivors by linear mixed model analysis. The
prognostic value of ΔMPV72h-adm for 28-day mortality was ascertained by Cox proportional hazards model analysis. Conclusion:An increase in
MPV during the rst 72 hours of hospitalization is an independent risk factor for adverse clinical outcomes. Therefore, continuous monitoring of
MPVmay be useful to stratify mortality risk in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock.
STUDY OF RISK FACTORS AFFECTING INCIDENCE OF EARLY POST-SURGICAL COMPLICATIONS IN GENERAL SURGERY PATIENTS.
Authors: Abhang Satshil Chandrakant , Satshil Abhang Prajakta , Muntode Nilesh Namdeo
Published: January 2024

Background: Post-surgical complications have every potential to deleteriously undermine the superlative effect of the surgical team. The outcome
of these post-surgical complications is wide, ranging from minor incidents those do not require any medical/surgical interventions and may resolve
without any harm to more serious life threatening incidents necessitating multiple interventions. The present study was conducted with an aim to
evaluate risk factors and to determine incidence post-surgical complications in patients undergoing major surgical procedure Methodology:
Cross-sectional descriptive study was prospectively conducted for a period of two years in Department of General Surgery. It included patients
undergoing major surgery (elective and emergency). Post-operatively, patients were followed for a period of one month and complications if
developed were recorded. The Clavien-Dindo classication was used for grading the complication. Patient's demographic features, comorbid
conditions, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, surgical approach, surgical indication, duration of surgery, intraoperative
complications and wound class were recorded. Results: Post-operative complications were noted in 32.7%. As per the Clavien-Dindo system, the
incidence of Grade I, Grade II, Grade III A, Grade IIIB, Grade IVAand Grade Vwere 65.4%, 13.5%, 8.7%, 3.8%, 3.8% and 4.8% respectively. High
ASA scores and comorbidities are signicant risk factors for development of post-operative complications. Conclusion: Post-operative
complications negatively affect the outcome of surgical intervention. In the present study, high ASA scores and comorbidities like diabetes, high
Body mass index and contaminated wounds were signicant risk factors for development of post-operative complications. The negative impact of
these risk factors on outcome of surgery can be prevented or at least minimized by careful preoperative evaluation and appropriate therapeutic
measures.
A RARE CASE OF FULMINANT HEPATITIS DUE TO LEPTOSPIROSIS IN A BOY IN HIS TEENS IN TRIPURA : CASE REPORT
Authors: Acharjee Supratim , Biswas Chinmoy , Biswas Chayanika
Published: January 2024

Fulminant hepatitis (FH) is a rare and devastating syndrome caused by a variety of hepatic insults. It is characterized by severe metabolic
derangements, neurologic complications and ultimately, multiorgan failure. The pathogenesis includes both direct and immune-mediated liver
injury triggered by diverse aetiologies. Leptospirosis is an infection caused by Leptospira. Leptospirosis causes disease in humans mainly in
developing countries. Clinical presentation of Leptospirosis is unclear and can vary from u-like febrile illness to rapidly fatal infection. Typically
present with fever, headache, myalgia. Severe forms, like meningitis, pulmonary hemorrhage, Weil's syndrome with jaundice, and acute kidney
injury are also there. It has been reported in few instances that Leptospirosis can cause Fulminant Hepatitis. AMale patient in his early Teens, Hindu
by religion from Rural area of Tripura admitted with yellowish discoloration of both eyes, Pain Abdomen, Altered sensorium with history of Fever.
Final Diagnosis was made as Fulminant Hepatitis due to Leptospirosis. Finding a case of leptospirosis in a non endemic state of Tripura is very
signicant. The patient has High Total Leucocyte count, Hypokalemia & Proteinuria, High ALP level & Tyrosine needles in urine which supports
the diagnosis.
TITANIUM BASED FIBRELESS COMPOSITES
Authors: A.A. KOLCHIN , I.D. PETUKHOV , V.YU. MALYSHEV , N.A. PROKOPENKO , O.F. SHAKHLEVICH , S.B. BABKIN , S.T. MILEIKO
Published: January 2024

Novel composites made of titanium and Ti-Ti5Si3 eutectic were obtained and their mechanical properties were studied. It was shown that the eutectic inclusions play a reinforcing role like brittle fibres do it with respect to metal matrix. It was also shown that the composite microstructure produced at some technological regimes loses its pronounced original layered microstructure and forms a new composite type. The mechanical properties of such type of the composite look attractive. The bending strength of composites based on pure titanium reaches 1300 MPa, this characteristic can be about 1500 MPa in case of using low strength OT4-0 alloy (Ti-(0.4-1.4)Al - (05- 1.3)Mn) as the matrix. The composites reveal sufficiently high plasticity.
Detection strategies for post-pandemic DDoS profiles
Authors: Orosz Péter , Nagy Balázs , Varga Pál
Published: January 2024

The global pandemic lockdowns fostered the digital transition of companies worldwide since most of their employees worked from home using public or private cloud services. Accordingly, these services became the primary targets of the latest generation DDoS threats. While some features of current DDoS attack profiles appeared before the pandemic period, they became significant and reached their current complexity in the recent period. Besides applying novel methods and tools, the attacks’ frequency, extent, and complexity also increased significantly. The combination of various attack vectors opened the way for multi-vector attacks incorporating a unique blend of L3-L7 attacking profiles. Unifying the hit-and-run method and the multi-vector approach contributed to the remarkable rise in success rate. The current paper has two focal points. First, it discusses the profiles of the latest DDoS attacks discovered in real data center infrastructures. To demonstrate and emphasize the changes in attack profile, we reference attack samples recently collected in various data center networks. Second, it provides a comprehensive survey of the state-of-the-art detection methods related to recent attacks. The paper especially focuses on the accuracy and speed of these, mostly networking-related detection approaches. Furthermore, we define features and quantitative and qualitative requirements to support detection methods handling the latest threat profiles.