bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A review of the geology and origin of CO2 in mineral water springs in east Belgium
Authors: BARROS RENATA , DEFOURNY AGATHE , COLLIGNON ARNAUD , JOBE Patrick , DASSARGUES Alain , PIESSENS KRIS , WELKENHUYSEN KRIS
Published: November 2020

Naturally CO2-rich mineral water springs (pouhons) in east Belgium occur in the context of the Rhenohercynian domain of the Variscan fold-and-thrust belt, mostly within the Cambro-Ordovician Stavelot-Venn Massif. The origin of the CO2 is still unclear, although different hypotheses exist. In this review study, we show pouhon waters are of the calcium bicarbonate type (~310 mg/l HCO3- on average), with notable Fe (~15 mg/l) and some Ca (~43 mg/l). Pouhon waters are primarily meteoric waters, as evidenced by H and O isotopic signature. The δ13C of CO2 varies from -7.8 to +0.8‰ and contains up to ~15% He from magmatic origin, reflecting a combination of carbonate rocks and mantle as CO2 sources at depth. Dinantian and Middle Devonian carbonates at 2–6 km depth could be potential sources, with CO2 generated by dissolution. However, carbonates below the Stavelot-Venn Massif are only predicted by structural models that assume in-sequence thrusting, not by the more generally accepted out-of-sequence thrust models. The mantle CO2 might originate from degassing of the Eifel magmatic plume or an unknown shallower magmatic reservoir. Deep rooted faults are thought to act as preferential pathways. Overall low temperatures of pouhons (~10 °C) and short estimated residence times (up to 60 years) suggest magmatic CO2 is transported upwards to meet infiltrating groundwater at shallower depths, with partial to full isotopic exchange with carbonate rocks along its path, resulting in mixed magmatic-carbonate signature. Although the precise role and interaction of the involved subsurface processes remains debatable, this review study provides a baseline for future investigations.
PETROLEUM POTENTIAL AND DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROCARBON CRUDE OF THE KHATANGA–OLENEK INTERFLUVE
Authors:   Siberian Research Institute of Geology, Geophysics and Mineral Resources, Lezhnin D. S. , Milyaev D. V. ,   Siberian Research Institute of Geology, Geophysics and Mineral Resources, Sobolev P. N. ,   Siberian Research Institute of Geology, Geophysics and Mineral Resources, Dushenin D. I. ,   Siberian Research Institute of Geology, Geophysics and Mineral Resources, Samokhin A. A. ,   Siberian Research Institute of Geology, Geophysics and Mineral Resources
Published: November 2020

Based on the integration of results of archival and modern seismic surveys, well logging data and results of analytical studies of core material, the structure of the Permian prospective petroleum play (PPPP) in the north-eastern framing of the Siberian Platform was clarified. In accordance with the author’s algorithmic approach, the map of minimum economic sizes of discoveries was constructed. This map takes into account predicted characteristics of reservoirs and the probable structural complexity of geological features.
EXPERIENCE OF D. HOUSKNEСHT DIAGRAM FOR IMPACT ASSESMENT OF CONSOLIDATION AND CEMENTATION ON POROSITY OF THE LOWER-MIDDLE JURASSIC SANDSTONES OF THE NYUROLKA DEPRESSION AND THE KOLTOGOR-URENGOY MEGATROUGH
Authors:   Siberian reseatch Institut of Geology, Geophysics and Mineral Resources, Predtechenskaya E. A.
Published: November 2020

Using D. U. Hausknecht diagram, the degree of impact of authigenic cementation, pressure solution and mechanical consolidation on the reduction of porosity and intergranular volume of the Lower - Middle Jurassic sandstones in the territory of the Tomsk region was determined. Sandstones of the Nadoyakha (Lower Toarcian – Lower Aalenian, bed Yu15), Vymskoye (Lower Bajocian, beds Yu11–Yu14), Leontievskiy (Lower-Upper Bajocian, beds Yu8–Yu10) and Malyshevka (Upper Bajocian – Bathonian, beds Yu3–Yu6) were analyzed horizons penetrated by a number of wells in western regions of the Nyurolka depression and the southern part of the Koltogor-Urengoy megatrough in the depth interval 2702–3326 m. It was found that the reduction in the intergranular volume of studied rocks is associated not only with their genesis, material composition, and structural and textural features, but also with the amount, type and composition of cement. It was revealed that the main factor influencing the reduction of the primary volume of the pore space of terrigenous rocks to a depth of ~ 2900–3000 m is the authigenic cementation, and below 3000 m the leading role is played by mechanical consolidation and dissolution of detrital grains under pressure. For Late Toarсian-Aalenian sandstones in the studied areas, the contribution of the factor of mechanical consolidation and pressure solution on the reduction of the primary intergranular volume was 38–53%, and for sandstones of the Bajocian – 20–30%. For the latter, the share of authigenic cementation was 24–56%. The work also considers circumstances that limit this method and possibilities of its application for other types of rocks.
JUSTIFICATION OF PARAMETERS OF THE 2D CDP FIELD SYSTEM
Authors:   А. P. Karpinsky Russian Geological Research Institute, Sysoev A. P.
Published: November 2020

When performing seismic observations, 2D seismograms of a common shot point are represented as a discrete function of two variables, i.e. time and receiver – source offset. When recording a wave field using single seismic receivers placed small distance apart (UniQ technology), two goals are pursued : maintaining high frequencies of reflected signals by eliminating the effect of microstatics and fulfilling the Kotelnikov sampling theorem when discretizing a continuous field with respect to a spatial variable, thereby eliminating the effect of spatial aliasing of regular interference waves. At the stage of digital processing, this allows to solve the problem of extracting useful signals and suppressing noise more effectively. Taking the idea of a close array of receivers as a whole, it is proposed to optimize the profile observation system by source – receiver spacing combining analog and digital grouping of seismic receivers. In this case, the spatial sampling of the field is determined by the distance between the centers of receiver groups, and the parameters of the analog – digital grouping are calculated from the condition of suppressing spatial aliasing frequencies. Based on the analysis of static corrections obtained during processing of previous seismic studies, a method is proposed for assessing the effect of lateral microstatics variations on the results of analog grouping.
THE STRUCTURE OF THE UIMON DEPRESSION OF GORNY ALTAI ACCORDING TO THE DATA OF NON - STATIONARY ELECTROMAGNETIC SOUNDING
Authors:   Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics SB RAS, Sanchaa A. M. , Nevedrova N. N. ,   Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics SB RAS, Babushkin S. M. ,   Seismological Branch of the Federal Research Center «Unified Geophysical Service of the Russian Academy of Sciences»
Published: November 2020

The article presents the deep structure of the poorly studied Uimon depression in Gorny Altai according to the data of transient electromagnetic sounding. The studies are relevant due to the high seismic hazard of the area, and are also in demand for prospecting and exploration of minerals predicted there. In order to construct geoelectrical models, data from several years of measurements were used, during which more than sixty soundings were performed. According to the electromagnetic data, the first deep well was drilled to a depth of 400 m in the central part of the depression, which uncovered a Neogene – Quaternary section. The well column is in good agreement with the geoelectrical models. At that stage, the interpretation was performed using computer systems within the framework of a horizontally layered model. The interpretation results are presented in the form of sections and three – dimensional visualizations that clearly reflect the structure of the depression.
GEOELECTRIC MODELS OF CRETACEOUS RESERVOIRS OF WEST SIBERIA BY THE RESULTS OF INTEGRATED INTERPRETATION OF ELECTRIC LOG DATA
Authors:   A. A. Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics SB RAS, Sukhorukova K. V. , Petrov A. M. ,   A. A. Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics SB RAS, Nechaev O. V. ,   A. A. Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics SB RAS
Published: November 2020

The results of testing a new software-methodological complex of numerical inversion on the data of electrical logging, measured in vertical wells in the intervals of Cretaceous reservoirs in West Siberia. They are characterized by a complex radial profile of electrical resistivity, electrical anisotropy and polarizability. As a result of the quantitative interpretation of a set of electrical (LLS) and electromagnetic (VEMLS) logging data, realistic geoelectric models of sedimentary deposits of the Latitudinal Ob Region were constructed, and the relationships between electrical anisotropy and dielectric constant with a thin-layered structure and clayiness of rocks were established. The software developed at IPGG SB RAS for the joint numerical inversion of the LLS and VEMLS signals, as well as the method for the quantitative interpretation of the data of these methods, provide the construction of a detailed geoelectric model of sedimentary deposits, which takes into account the influence of host rocks, zones changed by the filtration of the drilling mud, wells with mud and sizes of logging equipment. As a result, the electrical resistivity of thin reservoir layers surrounded by contrasting host rocks is specified, the electrical anisotropy is revealed, and the dielectric constant is estimated.
MINERALOGICAL FEATURES OF ORES WITHIN THE KALAR OCCURRENCE AND POSSIBILITIES OF THE ION-SORPTION METHOD FOR SEARCHING OF THE OVERLAPPED GOLD-SILVER MINERALIZATION OF THE ALTAY-SAYAN FOLDED REGION
Authors:   Central Research Institute of Geological Prospecting for Base and Precious Metals, Chernykh A. I. , Brysin M. P. ,   Central Research Institute of Geological Prospecting for Base and Precious Metals, Leibgam P. N. ,   Central Research Institute of Geological Prospecting for Base and Precious Metals, Arsentyeva I. V. ,   Central Research Institute of Geological Prospecting for Base and Precious Metals, Milyaev S. A. ,   Central Research Institute of Geological Prospecting for Base and Precious Metals
Published: November 2020

The article presents results of studying the epithermal gold-silver mineralization of the Kalar occurrence of the Kaburchak ore cluster in the Mountainous Shoria (Gornaya Shoria). The Kalar occurrence is confined to metasomatites of berezite and argillisite composition. They contain veined and veinlet-disseminated zones of quartz-sulphide composition. The characteristic feature of the Kalar occurrence is the wide distribution of ore minerals – usually 5–10%, oft en up to 20%, and in some cases up to 60–70%, and their great variety. Ore minerals are represented mainly by pyrite, arsenopyrite, sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, fahlores, gold, as well as by Pb, Bi, Ag sulfides and Au, Ag, Pb tellurides. The results of experimental and methodological works within the Kalar occurence showed a high efficiency of using the ion-sorption method of prospecting developed at the Federal State Budgetary Institution (FSBI) TsNIGRI in conditions of high thickness of loose overlapping deposits. The ion-sorption survey carried out within the Kalar area made it possible to reveal secondary superimposed halos of dispersion of As, Sb, Ag, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu, Ni, Co. The use of the ion-sorption method on the northern flank of the Kalar ore field, where overlapping Quaternary deposits up to 25 m thick are widely developed, made it possible to reveal a complex geochemical anomaly (Ag, As, Cu, Pb, Zn), which presumably reflects the northern continuation of the Central gold-bearing zone.
THE DETERMINANTS OF ACCESS TO ADOLESCENT- FRIENDLY HEALTH SERVICE: A CASE CONTROL STUDY
Authors: Arifah Izzatul , Kusumawardani Lenni Ayu , Hendriyaningsih Dwi , Wibisono Mukti Aji , Lestari Estu Puji
Published: November 2020

Background: Adolescents need to access Adolescent-Friendly Health Service (AFHS) to get it’s benefit in order to improve adolescent health. However, the current adolescent access to that service remains low with the access prevalence under 50%).Aim: This study determined factors that affected adolescents’ access to AFHS.Methods: This school-based case control study was conducted in 9 junior and senior high schools in the area of Sangkrah and Kratonan in Surakarta District. There were 162 cases (who accessed the AFHS by guidance from health professionals and peer educators) and 162 controls (those who did not) who were chosen using total sampling and proportionate random sampling technique, respectively. A multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess the determinant factors of AFHS access.Results: Access to AFHS was significantly determined by knowledge of the program and perceived demand. A probability of finding adolescents who had knowledge of the program was 6 times higher in the case group than in control group with the OR value of 6.1 (95% CI 3.3-11.1).Conclusion: Overall, the low adolescents’ access was mostly caused because of insufficient knowledge. Broadening information about the program and adolescents’ access to the program through electronic media and peer educators is required. Keywords: access, adolescent, Adolescent-Friendly Health service, AFHS.
ACTOR’S POSITION AND RELATION IN THE INITIATION OF IMPORTANT BIRD AND DIVERSITY AREAS BASED CONSERVATION SITES EXPANSION ON WESTERN JAVA’S UPLAND
Authors: Desmiwati Desmiwati , Christian Yoppie , Widyanto Adi , Andriansyah Andriansyah
Published: November 2020

Western Java’s upland is a sanctuary of importants biodiversity in Indonesia for avifaunas, primates and mammals. Particularly for avifaunas, the upland becomes the last sanctuary after the disturbance and distraction by anthropogenic activities. This kind of situation raises needs to expand conservation site as an effort to protect the biodiversities. This research aims to find opportunities through the lens of actors. This research uses Collaboration/ Conflict, Legitimacy, Interest and Power (CLIP) frameworks to identifiy responses, positions ,and inter-actor relations if expansion of conservation site is initiated based on the Important Birds and Diversity Areas (IBAs). The result shows that out of five clusters of research sites, the Important Bird and Diversity Areas of Southern Bandung has some indicators which enable collaboration in the expansion. From the actor perspectives, there are five existing preconditions to support the implementation for expansion, namely availability of landscape, willingness of the right holders, opportunities for sharing management, concordance with provincial spatial plan, and low conflict potentials. To implement the expansion, participatory multistakeholders mapping on selected areas need to be conducted and action plan for integrated landcape management should be implemented
Estimation and Removal of Hazardous Aromatic Amines by
the Oxidation with NaIO4 Spectrophotometrically : A Review
Authors: Rathi Payal
Published: November 2020

Many aromatic amines are the toxic in nature and impact a harmful effect in the
body. Conversion of such carcinogenic aromatic amines in to other non carcinogenic
compound by the oxidation process through sodium meta periodate is a good attempt in this
way. Spectrophotometric method have been used for achieve the optimum condition and the
estimation of aromatic amines.
Comparative Study on Potentiality of Polypyrrole composite
as Adsorbent for the removal of Acidic and Basic dyes from
Aqueous solutions
Authors: Geetha Arumugam , Palanisamy Nachimuthu
Published: November 2020

The potentiality of polypyrrole coated sawdust (PPy/SD) derived from the fruit of
the gardening plant material of Cordia Sebestena to remove acidic dye and basic dye [Acidic
Dye namely Acid Orange 7 (AO7) and Basic dye namely Basic Red 29 (BR29)] from aqueous
solutions via adsorption was investigated. Adsorption experiments are carried out using batch
system in order to do equilibrium adsorption isotherm, kinetics and thermodynamic studies. It
is found that chemical modification of plant waste like sawdust coated with polypyrrole called
polypyrrole composite is an efficient adsorbent for the removal of AO7 and BR29 from
aqueous solutions. Finally, the performance of PPy/SD was compared with both the dyes. The
experimental results indicated that adsorbent is effective and economically viable for the
removal of both acidic (AO7) and basic (BR29) dyes and is most suitable for the removal of
Acid Orange 7 from aqueous solutions than Basic Red 29.
In Silico Anti- HIV Analysis of FTIR identified Bioactive
compounds present in Vitex altissima L
and Vitex leucoxylon L
Authors: Masi Chandran , Naganathan Santhanabharathi , Natarajan Anupama , Pazhamalai Vivek , Tafesse Mesfin
Published: November 2020

The knowledge of the traditional plants in India is a collection over millennia by
our ancient people. The Siddha System of Medicine (Traditional Tamil System of medicine) is
the foremost of all other medical systems in the world which provide service to the humanity
for more than 5000 years in combating diseases and also in maintaining its physical, mental
and moral health. Vitex species were used in siddha for its anti- viral activity for several years.
However, the present study deals with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus because of its
complexity and killing effects. FTIR analysis of Vitex altissima L and Vitex leucoxylon L
revealed the presence of 21 and 17 bioactive compounds respectively. These compounds were
analysed further for its binding affinity mechanism against one of the virulence causing
protein, reverse transcriptase (target protein) of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) by
using molecular docking and bioinformatics tools. Interaction rate was determined between
bioactive compounds against the protein target based on binding free energy requirements.
Molecular docking was also made to the commercially available drugs (Zidovudine,
Stavudine, and Nevirapine) against the target protein. By comparing the results between
bioactive compounds in the Vitex species and the commercially available drugs, it was clear
that the bioactive compounds were much more effective than the commercially available
drugs, thereby suitable for the treatment of AIDS. Hence, this study will form the basis for
promoting therapeutic lead molecules from the traditional plants which restore the tradition
and also eliminates the harmful side effects.
Synthesis and Antimicrobial activity of 1-(2-hydroxy-3,5-
bis((3-imino-3H-1,2,4-dithiazol-5-yl)amino)phenyl)ethanone
Authors: Wanjari A.K.
Published: November 2020

Heterocyclic compounds are used as a building block with a wide application in
pharmaceutical industry, medicinal and drug research. This research paper explore the
synthesis and antimicrobial activity of 1-(2-hydroxy-3,5-bis((3-imino-3H-1,2,4-dithiazol-5-
yl)amino)phenyl) ethanone. The synthesis of 1-(2-hydroxy-3,5-bis((3-imino-3H-1,2,4-
dithiazol-5-yl)amino)phenyl) ethanone carried out by using 4-chlorophenol as a starting
material which is well knows as a active pharmaceutical ingredients. The synthesised
compound tested for the gram positive and gram negative bacteria. The identification of the
synthesized compound has been done by using chemical characterization and spectral data.
Keywords : -chlorophenol, thiourea, isothiocynates, 4-chloroacetate, 1-(2-hydroxy-3,5-bis((3-
imino-3H-1,2,4-dithiazol-5-yl)amino)phenyl)ethanone.
Complementary Approaches to Understand Anthelmintic Resistance Using Free-Living and Parasitic Nematodes
Authors: Wit Janneke , Dilks Clayton , Andersen Erik
Published: November 2020

Anthelmintic drugs are the major line of defense against parasitic nematode infections, but the arsenal is limited and resistance threatens sustained efficacy of the available drugs. Discoveries of the modes of action of these drugs and mechanisms of resistance have predominantly come from studies of a related non-parasitic nematode species, Caenorhabditis elegans, and the parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus. Here, we discuss how our understanding of anthelmintic resistance and modes of action came from the interplay of results from each of these species. We argue that this “cycle of discovery”, where results from one species inform the design of experiments in the other, can use the complementary strengths of both to understand anthelmintic modes of action and mechanisms of resistance.
Variability in Anesthesia Models of Care In Cardiac Surgery
Authors: McCallister Dianne , Malone Bethany , Hanna Jennifer , Firstenberg Michael S
Published: November 2020

The operating room in a cardiothoracic surgical case is a complex environment, with multiple handoffs often required by staffing changes, and can be variable from program to program. This study was done to characterize what types of practitioners provide anesthesia during cardiac operations to determine the variability in this aspect of care. A survey was sent out via a list serve of members of the cardiac surgical team. Responses from 40 programs from a variety of countries showed variability across every dimension requested of the cardiac anesthesia team. Given that anesthesia is proven to have influence on the outcome of cardiac procedures, this study indicates the opportunity to further study how this variability influences outcomes, and to identify best practices.
Effects of Sorghum Silage in Lactating Buffalo Cow Diet: Biochemical Profile, Milk Yield and Quality
Authors: Tudisco Raffaella , Morittu Valeria Maria , Musco Nadia , Grossi Micaela , Iommelli Piera , D' Aniello Biagio , Ferrara Maria , Lombardi Pietro , Infascelli Federico
Published: November 2020

The influence of replacing corn silage with sorghum silage in the diet of dairy buffalo cows on metabolic status and on milk yield, chemical characteristics and fatty acid profile was studied. Forty dairy buffalo cows were included in the trial and divided into two homogeneous groups (SS, sorghum and CC, corn). Blood was collected at the end of the trial (120 days), individual milk yield was registered daily. Samples of milk were monthly collected and analyzed for fat, protein and lactose. Moreover, fatty acid profiles of silages and milk were determined. Buffalo cows fed sorghum silage showed an average milk yield higher than group CS (kg/d 10.120 vs 9.270; P<0.05), probably due to the lower lignin content of sorghum silage (31 vs 47 g/kg dry matter, respectively for SS and CS diets) and by consequence to its energy value, higher than expected. The percentage of linoleic acid was significantly higher in milk of group CS (C18:2: 1.27% vs 2.05%; P<0.01) due to the higher content of these acids in corn than in sorghum silage. The omega 6/omega 3 ratio was significantly lower in milk from buffalo cows fed sorghum than corn silage (7.8 vs 12.9; P<0.01). Serum biochemistry showed no negative effects of the corn replacing with sorghum.
Role of Nanoscience in Agriculture
Authors: Kumar Praveen
Published: November 2020

Nanoparticles are widely used in the agricultural sector because of their distinctive properties. Studies have shown the influence of nanoparticles on plant growth and production. Nanoparticles act as effective carriers in the delivery of agrochemicals to plants. They provide site targeted delivery of nutrients and thus, prevents wastage of nutrients applied for plant growth and productivity. Bioremediation of pollutants is an emerging technology that provides bio-nano materials for the protection of agriculture from pollution. The aim of this review is to present and focus on the latest techniques used for the reduction of environmental pollution and improved agricultural production. This review speculates about the biosynthesis of nanomaterials from different sources like plants, fungi, and bacteria along with chemical and organic synthesis from carbon, silver, and gold. The role of nanoscience in detecting plant diseases and the removal of heavy metals. Application of Nanoscience in storing, production, processing, and transport of agricultural materials. It is also emphasized that Nanoscience may transform agriculture through the innovation of new techniques like Precision farming, improvement of plants to engross nutrients, targeted use of inputs, detection and control of diseases and withstand environmental pressures. Further, efforts have been made in describing that nanoparticles may act as a better substitute for agricultural plant growth and nutrition improvement by lowering the content of pollutants and pre-detection of diseases in plants. The biosynthetic route of nanomaterial synthesis could emerge as a better and safer option for environmental pollution reduction. Thus, nanoscience may increase agricultural production to feed a huge population in near future.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Clinical Incidents and Complaints at a UK Teaching Hospital
Authors: Atiomo William , Weir Peter , Kean Lucy
Published: November 2020

Background: To investigate any associations between new clinical policies implemented because of the COVID-19 pandemic and harm to patients. Methods: Retrospective data collection of incidents and complaints reported through Datix®, and the Patient Liaison Service respectively. The setting was the Family Health division in a University teaching hospital in the UK. Primary and secondary outcome measures included; Proportion of incidents reported on Datix from 23/3/20 to 25/5/20, compared to the period from 23/3/19 to 29/5/19. COVID-19 related incidents and complaints and association with newly published guidelines or pathways from 23/3/20 to 29/5/20. Results: There was no significant difference in the proportion of overall patient activity resulting in incidents reported on Datix in 2020 (2.08%) compared to 2019 (2.09%), with 98% resulting in no/low harm in 2020. Three incident categories had increases in relative proportions of incidents including terms “COVID” or “Corona” compared to incidents that did not; “Child death”, “delay/failure to treatment and procedure” and “information governance”. One of the child deaths was a miscarriage and we were unable to link the second child death to a change in clinical policy at this stage. We were only able to link 2 COVID-19 associated incidents with a pathway or procedural change (one to the Children's Emergency Department admission pathway and the second to the introduction of virtual antenatal clinics). Eighteen complaints related to COVID-19 were logged. However, at this stage, we are unable to link any of these to a published change in clinical policy. Conclusions: Practice in the division was overall deemed to be safe in the designated period, with only 2 COVID-19 related incidents clearly related to a change in pathways and procedures. Continued surveillance and improved metrics for monitoring the impact of changes to pathways and procedures should be sought with the sustained presence of COVID-19 in clinical areas.
BFRVSR: A Bidirectional Frame Recurrent Method for Video Super-Resolution
Authors: Xue Xiongxiong , Han Zhenqi , Tong Weiqin , Li Mingqi , Liu Lizhuang
Published: November 2020

Video super-resolution, which utilizes the relevant information of several low-resolution frames to generate high-resolution images, is a challenging task. One possible solution called sliding window method tries to divide the generation of high-resolution video sequences into independent sub-tasks, and only adjacent low-resolution images are used to estimate the high-resolution version of the central low-resolution image. Another popular method named recurrent algorithm proposes to utilize not only the low-resolution images but also the generated high-resolution images of previous frames to generate the high-resolution image. However, both methods have some unavoidable disadvantages. The former one usually leads to bad temporal consistency and requires higher computational cost while the latter method always can not make full use of information contained by optical flow or any other calculated features. Thus more investigations need to be done to explore the balance between these two methods. In this work, a bidirectional frame recurrent video super-resolution method is proposed. To be specific, a reverse training is proposed that the generated high-resolution frame is also utilized to help estimate the high-resolution version of the former frame. With the contribution of reverse training and the forward training, the idea of bidirectional recurrent method not only guarantees the temporal consistency but also make full use of the adjacent information due to the bidirectional training operation while the computational cost is acceptable. Experimental results demonstrate that the bidirectional super-resolution framework gives remarkable performance that it solves the time-related problems when the generated high-resolution image is impressive compared with recurrent-based video super-resolution method.
Causal Intuition and Delayed-Choice Experiments
Authors: Heaney Michael B.
Published: November 2020

The conventional explanation of delayed-choice experiments seems to violate our causal intuition. This apparent violation is caused by a misinterpretation of the conventional formulation of quantum mechanics. I reanalyze these experiments using advanced and time-symmetric formulations of quantum mechanics. All three formulations give the same experimental predictions, but the advanced and time-symmetric formulations violate our causal intuition that effects only happen after causes. I explore reasons why our causal intuition may be wrong at the quantum level. I also suggest how conventional causation might be recovered in the classical limit, and speculate on cosmological boundary conditions.
Orchid Conservation Initiatives in Malaysia
Authors: Go Rusea , BESI Edward Entalai , DAHALAN Mohd Puat , AHMAD Raffae , AG. AHMADNI Ag. Shaffie , SYLVESTER PUNGGA Runi
Published: November 2020

Orchids totalling close to 4000 species in Malaysia are one of the most diverse and most widespread family here had gained momentum in recognition among policy makers and guardians of the forest as one of the profiles that fit and can benefit plant conservation on a broad scale in recent years. Listed not only as conservation indicator but also as priority germplasm for sustainable floriculture industry in the country, a milestone that could safeguard wild orchids from verge of extinction in the natural habitat. Through our 30 years of studying orchids in the wild, we understand more about the distribution, rarity, threats and extinction of orchids than ever before, and we have the scientific tools to address many of the problems, yet many species face daily threats including habitat loss and unsustainable exploitation mainly via Internet trade. Prior to executing workable conservation plan, various research institutions working closely with Forestry Departments in Malaysia to first inventory and document the orchid species richness in the country. Selangor, Sarawak and Perlis Forestry Departments in collaboration with UPM have published seven orchid books that cover various habitat types. Selangor Forestry Department is leading on publishing biodiversity data in form of books for its various ecotourism’s sites and State Parks, and had published two books on orchids. Sarawak state has published one on the limestone orchids, and Perlis is the first to embark on the feat published one in 2010 and currently preparing a new book that includes other flagship wild flowers. Realizing the importance of documenting its biodiversity wealth, Malaysia has developed an information system that would be a one-stop retrieval point or repository for biodiversity facts and as a part of the commitments to CBD to facilitate reporting and the transfer of biological diversity and conservation-related information both nationally and internationally.
SOVEREIGN DEBT ISSUANCE CHOICE: SUKUK VS CONVENTIONAL BONDS
Authors: Boujlil Rhada , Hassan M. Kabir , Grassa Rihab
Published: November 2020

This paper investigates the determinants and their factors that affect governments’ decision to employ sovereign Sukuk over conventional bonds; the research is based on a sample of 143 Sukuk and 602 conventional sovereign bonds issued in 16 OIC countries from 2000 to 2015. The results depict that more nations that have developed financial markets, higher credit quality, and strong economic/financial prospects, issue sovereign Sukuk rather than sovereign conventional bonds. Dealing with Sukuk bonds can be a strategy to diversify and develop current debt markets by introducing newly-developed debt tools. However, less economically developed nations countries are typically issuing insurance for classic sovereign bonds. Our findings suggest that a government’s choice of sovereign debt is influenced mainly from national financial and macroeconomic indicators, as well as specific events. Countries with developed financial markets, strong economic indicators, high credit quality, and sustainable financial position are more likely to issue sovereign Sukuk rather than sovereign bonds as a strategy to develop and diversify their financial markets by promoting new debt products.
THE RESILIENCE OF INDONESIAN BANKING SYSTEM AND MACROECONOMIC FLUCTUATION: ISLAMIC VIS-À-VIS CONVENTIONAL
Authors: Nugroho Muhammad Rudi , Kurnia Ahmad Syakir , Qoyum Abdul , Fardila Fitrotul
Published: November 2020

This study aims to analyze the challenges of the dual banking system during macroeconomic fluctuations. By using the default probability mapping method and macroeconomic stress testing, we can measure the stability of the financial system through credit calculation. In addition, by using the stress test method, we can find information about the characteristics of the financial system in crises and its financial-related assistance in the financial system. Considering if a financial system can detect it early, the government can take preventative measures to minimize the consequences. The results of the study show that Islamic banking has a higher default probability than conventional banking. So it can be concluded that the current stability of Islamic banking is not better than conventional banking. Our findings suggest that inflation is only a macroeconomic variable that has a high level of sensitivity to the default probability of banks. Moreover, Islamic and conventional banking have different responses to the sensitivity of inflationary interventions.
USER ACCEPTANCE OF ONLINE WAQF APPLICATION: EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIA
Authors: Faturohman Taufik , Hassandi Irfan , Yulianti Yulianti
Published: November 2020

Waqf is an Islamic asset endowment to be kept in faith and used for charitable or religious purposes. Its function is to demonstrate the potential and economic benefits of waqf assets for worship and other people’s prosperity. Indonesia has great opportunities to raise more significant amounts of waqf funds. One strategy that appears effective with regard to waqf, especially cash waqf, is to provide an online service. Hence, this research attempts to analyse whether the perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived religiosity, and amount of information influences user acceptance of using an online waqf application process by implementing  the technology acceptance model (TAM). Moreover, the study incorporates structural equation modelling (SEM) to interpret the path analysis of the model. The study fills the gap in the literature concerning the context of use of the technology acceptance model for online waqf in Indonesia. We find that the variables that directly influence user acceptance of online waqf application are perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use, with perceived ease of use influencing perceived usefulness. In addition, perceived ease of use is influenced by the amount of information. Furthermore, the majority of respondents prefer to have projects such as mosques, Islamic boarding schools, schools, and hospital construction projects. To increase user acceptance, online waqf developers should provide more information about the application process and develop more user-friendly software with many features. Moreover, regulators should provide incentives for online waqf developers to maximise cash waqf collection.
Exploratory research in the creation of mono-structured low-combustibility fibreboards
Authors: Леонович А.А. , Свиридо Е.А. , Глазунова М.Г.
Published: November 2020

Антипирен на основе гидроксиэтилидендифосфоновой кислоты вводили в древесное волокно (смесь березы и осины), массу обрабатывали меламинокарбамидоформальдегидным связующим, формировали ковер и прессовали огнезащищенные древесноволокнистые плиты средней плотности. С использованием экспериментально-статистических моделей изучали влияние продолжительности прессования, содержания антипирена и связующего на свойства плит по показателям прочности при изгибе, модулю упругости, набуханию и горючести. Проведен анализ и показана на уровне требований стандартов возможность изготовления плит общего назначения или конструкционных пониженной горючести путем варьирования в установленных пределах рецептурными и технологическими факторами.

A fire retardant based on hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid was introduced into wood fiber (a mixture of birch and aspen), the mass was treated with a melaminecarbamide-formaldehyde binder, a carpet was formed, and fire-resistant mediumdensity fiberboards were pressed. Using experimental statistical models, we studied the effect of pressing duration, fire retardant and binder content on the properties of plates in terms of flexural strength, modulus of elasticity, swelling and flammability. The analysis is carried out and the possibility of manufacturing plates of general purpose or structural low combustibility by varying prescription and technological factors within the established limits is shown at the level of standards requirements.
Morphological and molecular characterization of Epidorylaimus procerus sp. n. (Dorylaimida: Qudsianematidae) from Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Thi Anh Duong , Peña-Santiago Reyes
Published: November 2020

Epidorylaimus procerus sp. n., collected from a natural habitat in Vietnam, is described and illustrated. It is distinguishable by its 2.16 to 2.46-mm-long body, lip region offset by depression and 15 to 17-µm broad, odontostyle 32 to 35-µm long, neck 415 to 461-µm long, pharyngeal expansion occupying 47 to 52% of the total neck length, uterus 76 to 130-µm long or 1.0 to 1.5-body diameters, vulva transverse (V = 40-43), caudal region conical elongate (157-186 µm, c =12.1-14.4, c′ = 4.4-5.5) with blister-like bodies, and hyaline portion occupying one-fourth its length, and males absent. Molecular analysis shows a close relationship of the new species and E. lugdunensis, supporting monophyly of the genus Epidorylaimus.
Ego Complexities
Authors: Špoljarić Bernard
Published: November 2020

Istraživanje kompleksnosti ega polazi od jastva kao složenog koncepta, pretpostavljenog pridolazećim dijagnostičkim konstruktima, kojima se svako pojedino jastvo želi medicinskikvalitativno evaluirati. Uz objašnjenje pojma, cilj je ukazati na jasnu distinkciju između egoizma i narcizma, pri čemu je narcizam tek jedan od mogućih modaliteta eksplikacija jastva odnosno opće i univerzalne domene subjektivnosti. Kompleksnost ovdje u prvom redu ukazuje na samu po sebi nerazjašnjenu složenost ega te pripadajućih koncepata subjektivnosti i individualnosti. Prikaz općeg modela ega, njegovog sastava i operativnosti, pruža mogući zajednički temelj za terapeutsko, filozofijsko i moralno shvaćanje aporija vezanih uz psihopatologijska stanja prisutna kod naizgled emancipirane dovršene jedinke.
The Mythical Pursuit of Happiness – a Mirage of Happiness
Authors: Rupčić Kelam Darija , Kelam Ivica
Published: November 2020

Po nekim autorima, postoji nekoliko značajnih projekata o ljudskom pitanju u dvadeset i prvom stoljeću. Jedan je od njih potraga za ključem
osobne sreće. U porastu je vjerovanje među ljudima da sustavi koji su nekada bili stvoreni da bi osnažili naciju, poput obrazovnog sustava, zdravstvenog sustava i sustava skrbi, trebaju služiti sreći i dobrobiti pojedinca, a ne obratno. Time se pravo na potragu za srećom preoblikovalo u prirodno pravo na sreću. Harari tvrdi da se BDP po glavi
stanovnika, kao glavna mjera uspješnosti države, mora dopuniti ili zamijeniti BDS-om – bruto domaćom srećom. U ovom članku ispitat ćemo neke od vodećih ideologija i strategija usmjerenih na postizanje toga cilja. Optimizacija ljudskog iskustva, samo-obmanjujuće strategije i doktrina harmonije služe kao filtri zbilje pojedinca. Važno je zavarati ljude, dovesti ih u stanje radosnosti u kojem bi postali jeftiniji, produktivniji i optimalniji radnici u službi kapitala. Ideja postizanja društvene harmonije upravljački je mehanizam usmjeren na održavanje balansa unutar korporacijske zajednice. Ono što se nalazi iza tiranije jedinstva i potrage za srećom pretvara se u život koji zakriva stvarnost
i vodi k dubljoj i daljnjoj potrošnji društvenih, emocionalnih i osobnih veza. Može li nam raspoznavanje širokog spektra ljudskih emocija
i bitnih određenja ljudskog bića, poput brige i empatije, pomoći živjeti autentičnijim i sretnijim životom? Pojam sigurnog života, vođen ideologijom sklada i devizom koju Bauman opisuje riječima »ne talasaj«, ideja je života protivnog avanturi, šansi i riziku kao dokazano lažna alternativa životu pobune i žudnje za promjenom mišljenja, a time i žudnje za stvarnom srećom, usuprot iluziji sreće.
The Understanding of Spirituality among Slovene Catholics on the Basis of the Survey “Sacrifice in Christian Spirituality”
Authors: Platovnjak Ivan
Published: November 2020

Uzmemo li u obzir broj župa, ženskih i muških samostana, utočišta itd., koje pripadaju Rimokatoličkoj crkvi u Sloveniji, uočljiv je visok stupanj duhovne aktivnosti. Postavljamo sljedeće pitanje: kako slovenski
katolici razumiju duhovnost? U ovom radu, autor pokušava odgovoriti na pitanje najprije određujući što je duhovnost, nakon čega predstavlja analizu pitanja na koje su odgovorili slovenski katolici u mrežnoj anketi »Žrtva u kršćanskoj duhovnosti«. Nadalje, autor objašnjava do koje mjere sekularna duhovnost može biti praćena u razumijevanju duhovnosti među slovenskim katolicima te na koji način učenja Pape Franje o duhovnosti mogu vjernike potaknuti da doista razumiju duhovnosti i dublje je aktualiziraju.
Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu Olan Bireylere Sosyal Etkileşim ve İletişim Becerilerinin Öğretiminde İpucunun Giderek Arttırılması: Sistematik Bir Derleme
Authors: ÜLKE KÜRKÇÜOĞLU Burcu , SARAL Dinçer
Published: November 2020

Giriş: Bu çalışmanın amacı, yanlışsız öğretim yöntemlerinden olan ipucunun giderek arttırılmasıyla öğretim (İGA) sunularak otizm spektrum bozukluğu (OSB) olan bireylere sosyal etkileşim ve iletişim becerilerinin öğretildiği araştırmaları demografik özellikler, yöntemsel parametreler ve bulgular açısından betimsel olarak analiz etmektir.Yöntem: Çalışma kapsamında, dört farklı veritabanının (EBSCOhost, ScienceDirect, Jstor ve SAGE) gelişmiş arama motoruna, ilgili anahtar kelimeler yazılarak elektronik taramalar yapılmıştır. Tarama sonucunda 390 çalışmaya ulaşılmıştır. Bu çalışmalar dahil etme ölçütleri olarak (a) OSB olan bireylerle yürütülmesi, (b) ipucunun giderek arttırılmasıyla öğretim yönteminin kullanılması, (c) tek denekli araştırma modellerinden biriyle desenlenmesi, (d) bir sosyal etkileşim ve iletişim becerisinin öğretilmesi, (e) Ocak 2003-Mayıs 2020 yılları arasında yürütülmesi ve (f) Türkçe ve/veya İngilizce dilinde hakemli bir dergide yayımlanması açısından incelenmiştir ve toplamda 35 araştırma, kapsama alınarak analiz edilmiştir.Bulgular: Araştırma sonucunda, farklı yaş grubundaki OSB olan bireylere İGA sunularak sosyal etkileşim ve iletişim becerilerinin öğretilebildiği görülmüştür.Tartışma: Araştırmanın bulguları tartışılarak ileri çalışmalara yönelik önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Yapay Zekâ ile Üretilen Görsel Sanatlar Eserlerinde Fikrî Mülkiyet
Authors: Yakar Güllü , Kınık Mustafa
Published: November 2020

Yapay zekâ (YZ); sanat ve tasarım gibi yaratıcılık gerektiren alanlarda özerk üretim yapabilmektedir. Ancak özerkliği hukuken tanınmadığı için, üretimler YZ’ya tescil edilememektedir. Çalışma; YZ ile üretilen görsel sanat eserlerinin, fikrî mülkiyet paylaşım usullerini belirlemek amacıyla hazırlanmıştır. Derleme türündeki çalışmada; nitel araştırma veri toplama tekniklerinden doküman incelemesi kullanılmıştır. Farklı yargı bölgelerinin konuya yaklaşımları, hukuki ve felsefi doktrinler, uygulamaya dönük düzenlemeler incelenmiştir. Mevcut yasal rejimlerde telif koşullarını açıklayan araştırmalardan faydalanılmıştır. Literatür incelemesi neticesinde; yasaların, teknolojik gelişmeleri değerlendirebilecek içeriğe sahip olmadığı yönünde görüşler tespit edilmiştir. Gelecekte YZ’ya atanabilecek kişilik statüleri ve bu statülerle üretilecek eserlerin mülkiyetine ilişkin tavsiyeler sunulmuştur. Avrupa Parlamentosu’nun 2017 yılında önerdiği elektronik kişilik statüsünün, yakın gelecekte yürürlüğe gireceği ve YZ’nın telif hakları için makul çözümler sağlayacağı öngörülmektedir.
Urban water supply automation – today and tomorrow
Authors: Olsson Gustaf
Published: November 2020

Automation is a collection of a whole set of theories and methods to make a system work automatically as intended, in our case the urban water supply system. A critical feature of automation is the feedback principle: a sensor is measuring a certain variable, e.g. a concentration; a computer tests that the measurement is valid; a computer algorithm calculates and decides what should be corrected; a pump or valve or some other device transforms the decision to action. All of this is untouched by human hand. The ‘intention’, or the goal, must be provided to the controller. The key component of automation is the system that can represent any component or process in the water supply system and even the complete system. Automation technology always must be combined with a true understanding of people at all levels. Otherwise, there is a high risk for misunderstandings and failures. Three categories of problems are highlighted, where automation can contribute: uncertainty, feedback, and complexity. A key challenge is the handling of disturbances. Integrated management of the whole urban water cycle will be required in future urban areas to acquire sustainable operations. Automation is a crucial condition to make integration possible in complex systems.
Chlorpyrifos remediation in agriculture runoff with homogeneous solar photo-Fenton reaction at near neutral pH: phytotoxicity assessment
Authors: Naddafi Kazem , Martinez Susana Silva , Nabizadeh Ramin , Yaghmaeian Kamyar , Shahtaheri Seyed Jamaleddin , Amiri Hoda
Published: November 2020

This study represents the first application of Fe–citrate-based photo-Fenton chemistry for the degradation of chlorpyrifos (CPF) spiked into agricultural runoff, and its phytotoxicity assessment. The effects of the initial CPF concentration, time and ratio of Fe–citrate/H2O2 on CPF removal during the photo-Fenton reaction were investigated and modeled with analysis of variance using R software by the response-surface methodology package. According to the stationary point in original units, the optimal condition for 70.00% CPF removal was as follows: CPF = 2.5 mg L−1 (0.0), time = 48.0 min (0.585) and Fe–citrate/H2O2 = 0.075 (0.539). Beside running the system at near-neutral pH, another strength of this study is related to the treatment of agricultural runoff contaminated with CPF with a raceway pond reactor, which has the advantages of simplicity of the facilities and procedures, as well as the possibility of using sunlight more efficiently in the field of applications. Finally, untreated and treated agriculture runoffs were used as irrigation to determine their phytotoxic effects on seed germination of cress (Lepidium sativum). Solar photo-Fenton treatment greatly reduced phytotoxicity of agriculture runoff and showed the highest germination percentage (70%) compared to both raw agricultural runoff (60%) and untreated CPF-spiked runoff (35%).