bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polarimetric coherent diffraction imaging on cancer-associated fibroblasts and SARS-CoV-2 viruses
Authors: Shi Xiaowen , Karpov Dmitry , Barringer Zach , Schold Elijah , Sarr Demba , N'gom Moussa , Kelber Jonathan , Fohtung Edwin
Published: April 2021

Simultaneously non-destructive, high resolution, and label-free imaging are of paramount
importance for studies of complex biological systems, from viruses to cell cultures. Electron imaging techniques achieve extreme resolution but require slicing the sample to obtain volumetric information. On the other hand, X-rays’ high penetrative ability combined with cryogenic temperatures allows access to high resolution while preserving the sample’s structure. However, both X-ray and electron techniques do not currently allow label-free imaging with tissue specificity. Here, we combine a polarimetric approach with coherent diffractive imaging to reveal new ways to overcome this by mapping variations of anisotropy in the complex refractive index of cellular structures to differentiate
between various tissues without chemical labeling. In this article, we demonstrate imaging of
cancer-associated fibroblasts using birefringent coherent diffractive imaging with enhanced sensitivity to fibrous structures and their orientation as well as the possibility to differentiate the nucleus of the cell. We also propose a modeled soft X-ray experiment on the SARS-CoV-2 virus to address the possibility of leveraging the polarimetric birefringent contrast to spatially resolve the dynamical interaction of the virus with its host environment. We hope that our approach can open up avenues in the future to map and understand how SARS viruses bind with human epithelial cells.
Hip tuberculosis at stage IV: Outcomes and some conditions for total hip replacement
Authors: Dang Hoan Do , Dao Xuan Thanh , Khac Trang Nguyen , Toan Ngo Van
Published: April 2021

Background : Total hip replacement during active hip tuberculosis has been a controversial issue for a long time. Some authors advocate hip replacement during the healed stage, while others believe it should be done in active hip tuberculosis. The purpose of this study was to describe the surgical outcomes, a suitable time and necessary conditions for the total hip replacement in active hip tuberculosis. Methods: We conducted a quasi-experimental study. The study enrolled 40 patients with 42 active tuberculosis hips at stage IV treated by total hip replacement strategy between October 2016 and December 2019 at the National Lung Hospital, Vietnam. The patients had been done total hip replacement by either one- or two-stage depending on hip abscesses to assess surgical outcomes and some factors associated with the logistic regression analysis model. The patients were then evaluated based on Harris hip score and sinus tract formation. Results: The average follow-up was 30 months (range, 14-50 months). Surgical outcomes showed that 37 cases (88.1%) had an excellent hip function and no abscess or sinus tract formation. Four cases (9.5%) had sinus tract formations, but the hip function was still in the excellent class by Harris hip-score (HHS). One case (2.4%) had a good hip function with a Harris hip score of 86 points, without sinus tract formation. The binary logistic regression models revealed that sinus tract formation was associated with preoperative tuberculosis infection syndrome but not associated with pulmonary tuberculosis, acetabular osteomyelitis, trans-trochanteric osteomyelitis, a history of diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, or corticosteroid dependence. The average time from patients getting antituberculosis treatment to hip replacement was 4.6 weeks. Conclusion: Total hip replacement for active hip tuberculosis was a practical and promised treatment method (excellent result: 88.1% and good: 11.9%). The surgery should be considered to improve patients' conditions pre-operation in taking anti-tubercular drugs, eliminating all abscesses, diminishing tuberculosis infection syndrome, inflammatory response, and choosing a suitable time of getting tuberculosis treatment.
Idarucizumab for the Reversal of Dabigatran-induced Anticoagulation in the Treatment of Gastric Bleeding: a Case Report
Authors: Jia Yu , Wang Shaohua , Cui Najuan , Liu Quanxi , Wang Wei , Li Xue , Gu Yamei , Zhu Yan
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND:The drug instruction for dabigatran recommends the does adjustment 110 mg twice-a-day for the patient with bleeding risk, and at least 1 time of renal function test per year for moderate renal impairment. However, dabigatran still can be abnormal accumulation due to the chronic insidiously progressive renal insufficiency, which requiring idarucizumab to reverse the anticoagulation on account of acute erosive gastritis with extensive gastric mucosal bleeding.CASE SUMMARY: A 76-year-old female, with a history of Atrial Fibrillation (AF), took dabigatran 110 mg twice-a-day as recommended does adjustment to reduce the risk of stroke, and admitted to the hospital for the main complaints of hematemesis and melena. The laboratory findings showed severe life-threatening blood-loss anemia with hemoglobin (Hb) 41.0g/L, and significant coagulation abnormalities with thrombin time (TT) > 180s, most likely caused by dabigatran metabolic disorder. Aggressive acid suppressive, hemostatic and blood transfusion therapy brought out a short-time bleed-controlled misconception, which situation was exactly confirmed by re-bleeding. Idarucizumab was given timely to reverse the anticoagulation effect of dabigatran. 12 hours later, TT was tested as 17.4s which belonged to the normal range. Finally, she had no active bleeding signs, with labs showing Hb 104g/L and TT 17.7s.CONCLUSION:It is recommended to monitor renal function regularly, even coagulation function and dabigatran concentration, for the elder. There is at present no general agreement on the use of Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI)–dabigatran coadministration to prevent upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
Medical Care Disruptions During the First Six-Months of the COVID19 Pandemic: The Experience of Older Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Dilawari Asma , Rentscher Kelly , Zhai Wanting , Ahles Tim A , Ahn Jaeil , Bethea Traci , Carroll Judith E , Cohen Harvey , Graham Deena , Jim Heather , McDonald Brenna C , Nakamura Zev , Patel Sunita , Root James , Small Brent , Saykin Andrew , Tometich danielle , VanDyk Kathleen , Mandelblatt Jeanne
Published: April 2021

PurposeOlder cancer survivors required medical care during the COVID-19 pandemic despite infection risks, but there are limited data on medical care in this age group. Methods. We evaluated care disruptions in a longitudinal cohort of non-metastatic breast cancer survivors ages 60-98 from five US regions (n=321). Survivors completed a web-based or telephone survey from May 27, 2020 to September 11, 2020. Care disruptions included self-reported interruptions in ability to see doctors, receive treatment or supportive therapies, or fill prescriptions. Logistic regression models evaluated bivariate and multivariate associations between care disruptions and education, medical, psychosocial and COVID-19-related factors. Multivariate models included age, county COVID-19 rates, comorbidity and post-diagnosis time. Results. There was a high response rate (n=262, 81.6%). Survivors were 32.2 months post-diagnosis (SD 17.5, range 4-73). Nearly half (48%) reported a medical disruption. The unadjusted odds of care disruptions were significantly higher with more education (OR 1.23 per one-year increase, 95% CI 1.09-1.39, p =0.001) and greater depression (OR 1.04 per one-point increase in CES-D score, CI 1.003-1.08, p=0.033); tangible support decreased the odds of disruptions (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.97-0.99 per one-point increase, p=0.012). There was a trend for associations between disruptions and comorbidity (unadjusted OR 1.13 per 1 added comorbidity, 95% CI 0.99-1.29, p=0.07). Adjusting for covariates, only higher education (p=0.001) and tangible social support (p=0.006) remained significantly associated with having care disruptions. Conclusions. Older breast cancer survivors reported high rates of medical care disruptions during the COVID-19 pandemic and psychosocial factors were associated with care disruptions.
A Qualitative Study of Risk and Resilience in Young Adult Women With a History of Juvenile-onset Fibromyalgia
Authors: Daffin Morgan , Milder Mary Lynch , Gibler Robert C. , Murray Caitlin , Green Carly , Kashikar-Zuck Susmita
Published: April 2021

Background. Juvenile-onset Fibromyalgia (JFM) is a chronic pain condition characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, sleep difficulties, mood concerns, and other associated symptoms. Although diagnosed in childhood, JFM often persists into adulthood can result in continued physical, social, and psychological impairment. The purpose of this qualitative study was to identify themes of risk and resilience for long-term outcomes among young adults diagnosed with JFM in childhood. Methods. The sample included 13 young adults (ages 26-34) who had been diagnosed with JFM in adolescence. Focus groups were used to elicit qualitative information about living with JFM and perceived challenges and buffering factors impacting their adjustment. Results. The majority of participants (80%, N=12) continued to meet criteria for fibromyalgia (FM). An iterative, thematic analysis revealed themes of resilience (e.g., greater acceptance, re-setting expectations, active coping, addressing mental health) and risk (e.g., lack of information, stigma, isolation, negative healthcare experiences). Conclusion. Results suggest the need for longer follow-up of youth with JFM as they transition to adulthood with multidisciplinary care and more attention to education about JFM and associated symptoms such as fatigue, as well as ongoing support for coping and mental health needs. A holistic approach to care during the transition years could be beneficial to minimize impact of JFM on long-term functioning.
Waste Food not Eat: Food Waste Treatment or Obesity - Selection of Sustainable Strategies for Dealing with Food Waste and Obesity
Authors: Smetana Sergiy , Profeta Adriano , Bhatia Anita , Heinz Volker
Published: April 2021

This theoretical model-based study is aimed to answer an applied but system-related question, relevant to multiple current studies and general audience: Is it better for human health and the environment to consume extra portion of food or throw it in the garbage (for further treatment)? The question has deep conceptual roots and requires a holistic approach to assessing a few complex systems: food production, food waste treatment and medical treatment activities. According to estimations, there are around 3.05-7.2 Mtonnes of avoidable food waste generated by German consumers at the household level. Simultaneously, high levels of food overconsumption are also observed at the household level. Thus, more than half of all Germans are overweight and obese and a high share of them require additional medical treatment resources. The study compared the environmental impact of treating potentially avoidable food waste with current waste management system in Germany to the hypothetical scenario of consuming such amount of food by the existing population. The results indicated that current waste management system is more beneficial for the environment than consuming excessive food by German population and requesting related medical services in categories of global warming potential (0.128 versus 0.6-2.4 Mtonnes CO 2 eq.), energy demand (-21 versus 16-66 PJ) and water footprint (-1607 versus 13.2-53 million m 3).However, land use impact allocated to other healthcare due to food consumed by humans is 13-80% lower than current waste treatment. Another danger of consuming excessive food relates to accumulated risks and further increased demand for health services. Following years would worsen the situation, making a choice for “food waste avoided” diet unfeasible. The results received do not allow for a simple Sergiy Smetana 1 et al. answer on selecting more sustainable strategies of dealing with an excessive amount of food in every specific case. However, they allow to indicate preferable conditions for dealing with excessive food in model conditions, which account for health status of household members or group of people (population), nutrient density and amount of food, and time frame. Time factor is one of the key factors defining preferences for food-wasting or consumption.
Solar Forcing of Early Holocene Droughts on the Yucatán Peninsula
Authors: Warken Sophie , Schorndorf Nils , Stinnesbeck Wolfgang , Hennhoefer Dominik , Stinnesbeck Sarah , Förstel Julius , Steidle Simon , Olguin Jerónimo Avilés , Frank Norbert
Published: April 2021

A speleothem record from the north-eastern Yucatán peninsula (Mexico) provides new insights into the tropical hydro-climate of the Americas between 11,040 and 9,520 a BP on up to sub-decadal scale. Despite the complex atmospheric reorganization during the end of the last deglaciation, the dominant internal leading modes of precipitation variability during the late Holocene were also active during the time of record. While multi-decadal variations were not persistent, decadal- and centennial-scale ENSO activity driven by solar forcing dominated Mesoamerican precipitation variability. Freshwater fluxes from the remnant Laurentide ice sheet into the Gulf of Mexico and the North Atlantic have additionally modulated the regional evaporation/precipitation balance. In particular, this study underlines the importance of solar activity on tropical and subtropical climate variability through forcing of the tropical Pacific, providing a plausible scenario for observed recurrent droughts on the decadal scale throughout the Holocene.
Single Cell Raman Spectroscopy to Identify Different Stages of Proliferating Human Hepatocytes for Cell Therapy
Authors: Ma Chen , Zhang Ludi , He Ting , Cao Huiying , Ma Chenhui , Yang Jiale , Huang Ruimin , Pan Guoyu
Published: April 2021

Background: Cell therapy provides hope for treatment of advanced liver failure. Proliferating human hepatocytes (ProliHHs) were derived from primary human hepatocytes (PHH) and as potential alternative for cell therapy in liver diseases. Due to the continuous decline of mature hepatic genes and increase of progenitor like genes during ProliHHs expanding, it is challenge to monitor the critical changes of the whole process. Raman microspectroscopy is a noninvasive, label free analytical technique with high sensitivity capacity. In this study, we evaluated the potential and feasibility to identify ProliHHs from PHH with Raman spectroscopy.Methods: Raman spectra were collected at least 600 single spectrum for PHH and ProliHHs at different stages (Passage 1 to Passage 4). Linear discriminant analysis and a two-layer machine learning model were used to analyze the Raman spectroscopy data. Significant differences in Raman bands were validated by the associated conventional kits.Results: Linear discriminant analysis successfully classified ProliHHs at different stages and PHH. A two-layer machine learning model was established and the overall accuracy was at 84.6%. Significant differences in Raman bands have been found within different ProliHHs cell groups, especially changes at 1003 cm-1, 1206 cm-1 and 1300 cm-1. These changes were linked with reactive oxygen species, hydroxyproline and triglyceride levels in ProliHHs, and the hypothesis were consistent with the corresponding assay results. Conclusions: In brief, Raman spectroscopy was successfully employed to identify different stages of ProliHHs during dedifferentiation process. The approach can simultaneously trace multiple changes of cellular components from somatic cells to progenitor cells.
Lymph node yield during surgery after neoadjuvant therapy compared to surgery without neoadjuvant therapy in patients with esophageal, gastric, pancreatic, or rectal carcinoma: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ronellenfitsch Ulrich , Maximov Nika , Friedrichs Juliane , Kleeff Jörg
Published: April 2021

Background: The lymph node yield is an important surrogate parameter for assessing the oncological radicality of the resection of gastrointestinal carcinomas and a prognostic factor in these diseases. It remains unclear if and to what extent neoadjuvant chemotherapy, radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy, which have become established treatments for carcinoma of the esophagus, stomach, and rectum and are increasingly used in pancreatic carcinoma, affect the lymph node yield. This systematic review and meta-analysis intents to summarize the available evidence on the topic.Methods: Studies comparing oncological resection of esophageal, stomach, pancreatic and rectal carcinoma with and without prior neoadjuvant therapy are eligible for inclusion regardless of study design. Publications will be identified with a defined search strategy in the electronic databases PubMed and Cochrane Library. The primary endpoint of the analysis is the number of lymph nodes identified in the resected specimen. Secondary endpoints include number of harvested metastatic lymph nodes, operation time, postoperative complications, pTNM staging, and overall and recurrence-free survival time. Using suitable statistical methods, the endpoints between patients with and without neoadjuvant therapy as well as in defined subgroups (neoadjuvant chemotherapy, neoadjuvant radiotherapy, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, and esophageal, gastric, pancreatic, and rectal cancer) will be compared Discussion: This systematic review with meta-analysis is conducted with the aim of summarizing the available evidence regarding the oncological surrogate marker lymph node yield in patients with gastrointestinal carcinomas undergoing surgery after neoadjuvant treatment compared to those operated without neoadjuvant therapy.Systematic review registration: This systematic review has been submitted for registration at PROSPERO, ID: 218459.
MicroRNA Profiling of Plasma Extracellular Vesicles in Bicuspid Aortopathy
Authors: Zhu Shichao , Zhao Yun , Abudupataer Mieradilijiang , Zhang Hongqiang , Liu Dingqian , Ma Wenrui , Bu Shuolei , Luo Shaman , Yan Shiqiang , Sun Yongxin , Li Jun , Lai Hao , Wang Chunsheng , Zhu Kai
Published: April 2021

Background: Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common congenital cardiovascular disease and highly associated with ascending aortic dilation, i.e., bicuspid aortopathy. When the maximal aortic diameter achieves a critical threshold, prophylactic surgical intervention is recommended to prevent potential aortic dissection or rupture. However, the aortic diameter threshold cannot precisely predict the aortopathy progression and should be supplemented by more non-size parameters to provide more information for surgical decision. There is an urgent need for identification of a stable prognostic biomarker for BAV patients with increased risk of aortopathy progression. Methods and Results: In total, 24 patients with BAV and 6 healthy volunteers with tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) were involved in this study. Quantitative proteomics were employed to identify protein expressions in plasma. Sorted by the ratio of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) to soluble endoglin (sENG) (T/E), which has been recognized as a plasma protein biomarker for aortopathy progression, BAV patients were divided into two groups with high (≥ 0.5, n = 6) or low (T/E < 0.5, n = 18) ratio of T/E. The mcroiRNA (miR) profiling of plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs) was performed using small RNA sequencing. The results revealed that low ratio of EV-miR324 to miR145 (≤ 0.1) was closely correlated to high ratio of T/E.Conclusions: The ratio of plasma miR324 to miR145 from EVs may identify the risk of progression of BAV aortopathy.
Calculation method for daily water intake components using doubly labeled water
Authors: Yamada Yosuke , Watanabe Daiki , Sagayama Hiroyuki , Itoi Aya , Yoshida Tsukasa , Watanabe Yuya , Nanri Hinako , Yoshimura Eiichi , Pontzer Herman , Luke Amy , Kimura Misaka , Schoeller Dale , Miyachi Motohiko , Speakman John
Published: April 2021

Daily water intake (DWI) is essential for survival in humans; however, accurate assessment of DWI from drinks and beverages (Wdrinks) or food moisture (Wfoods) is difficult as it depends on self-reported intakes that are prone to inaccuracy. Here, we established an objective method to assess DWI components using doubly labeled water (DLW). Deuterium and H218O were orally administered, and the dilution space and elimination rate of 2H and 18O were measured. DWI was calculated from the deuterium turnover corrected for metabolic water production and insensible water absorption from humidity. Wfoods was estimated using dietary record (Wfoods-DR) or calculated from the total energy expenditure assessed by DLW (Wfoods-DLW). The current results underscore Wfoods-DR underestimation using self-reported dietary assessments, which underestimates food intake. This study proposes novel methods for calculating each DWI component using DLW.
Structural optimisation of shallow foundations for overhead power line
Authors:   Daghestan State Technical University, Magomedov Marsel A.
Published: April 2021

The present work is aimed at studying the design of shallow foundations for overhead power line the towers under complex engineering and geological conditions. The study investigates existing designs and reveals their main shortcomings. In order to increase structural stability in complex soil conditions, the experience of constructing overhead power line towers using a shallow foundation is considered. The proposed shallow foundation option demonstrates increased strength and structural reliability. The shallow foundation design was carried out using the SCAD design software analysing the finite element model of static and dynamic loaded computation schemes, monitoring the structures for stability, checking metal systems for reliability and selecting disadvantageous combinations of forcing. The finite element method on which the software is based uses the movements and rotations of the structural nodes in the computation scheme as the main unknown variables. Two shallow foundation options are considered under equally complex soil conditions with the same loads, but a different arrangement of collar beams. Under complex engineering and geological conditions and the action of maximum loads, the calculation showed the greatest difference in the foundation settlement between the two options to increase by 2 times. The significance of the difficulties involved in increasing security of supply established by the development strategies of the electric power industry in Russia is presented. A design models for towers having shallow foundations, operated as beams of complex geometry, was selected. Experimental and analytical studies demonstrated the practical effectiveness of using the identified shallow foundation approach.
Funded-capitalized pension designs and the demand for minimum pension guarantee
Authors: Wolf Ishay , Caridad López del Río Lorena
Published: April 2021

Using funded and unfunded pillars, the optimal pension structure is estimated using an over-lapping generation model, calibrated to the average OECD countries. While simulating different pillar sizes, a socio-economic characteristic was revealed in which low-earning groups are prone to unexpected market risks than high-earning cohorts and support a larger contribution than better-off individuals. This led to high contribution rates for funded pillars and low contributions rates for social security pillars. This suboptimal allocation leads to inefficient hedging capability for the pension portfolio. An alternative is a minimum pension guarantee as an efficient system stabilizer as it rebalances the economic cost among different earning cohorts. However, the guarantee might be expensive to implement if not capitalized early in the working phases in an era of aging populations, low birth rates, and deep financial crisis.
Аnalysis of studies presented in articles on mitigation of biomedical consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant worldwide (1986–2018)
Authors: Evdokimov V. I.
Published: April 2021

A lack of accessible information about the demand for domestic articles on the mitigation of consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in the early post-accident period necessitates referring to publications presented in international bibliographic databases, which can be a good help in planning research and preparing publications. The intention is an analysis of articles in the field of eliminating the biomedical consequences of the Chernobyl accident in the world and in Russia, indexed in the Scopus database in 1986–2018. A search query gave an array of 3929 articles in Scopus. The largest number of articles was published by authors from the USA (13.2%), Ukraine (12.6%) and Russia (12.2%). A significant number of articles were published by international authors. The average annual number of articles was (119±6) in the whole array and (15±2) in the Russian array. In the whole array, 11.5% of the articles dealt with the biomedical problems of the liquidators of the consequences of the Chernobyl accident; 12.5% – the population living in the radioactively-contaminated territories; 18.7% – neoplasms; 8.6% – medical radiation physics; 21.2% – radioecology; 12.0% – biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology. In the Russian array, these respective percentages were 19.8, 17.3, 18.1, 21.7, 18.8% and 10.2%. On average, there were 10.5 citations per article, 70% of the articles were at least once cited, self-citations made up to 17.6%, and the Hirsch index was 81. A quite high demand for articles in the field of eliminating the biomedical consequences of the Chernobyl accident has been revealed among the world scientific community. Russian scientists should form a habit of quoting articles from their colleagues more often. Some domestic magazines still have a low publishing culture. A lack of transliterated lists of references not only precludes from indexing articles in Scopus, but also interferes with citing research papers from domestic scientists, their affiliated research institutions, and Russia as a whole.
Retinal Changes in Transgenic Mouse Models of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Guo Li , Ravindran Nivedita , Shamsher Ehtesham , Hill Daniel , Cordeiro M. Francesca
Published: April 2021

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, the most common form of
dementia. AD is characterised by amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in the
brain, in association with neuronal loss and synaptic failure, causing cognitive deficits. Accurate and
early diagnosis is currently unavailable in lifespan, hampering early intervention of potential new treatments.
Visual deficits have been well documented in AD patients, and the pathological changes identified
in the brain are also believed to be found in the retina, an integral part of the central nervous
system. Retinal changes can be detected by real-time non-invasive imaging, due to the transparent
nature of the ocular media, potentially allowing an earlier diagnosis as well as monitoring disease progression
and treatment outcome. Animal models are essential for AD research, and this review has a
focus on retinal changes in various transgenic AD mouse models with retinal imaging and immunohistochemical
analysis as well as therapeutic effects in those models. We also discuss the limitations of
transgenic AD models in clinical translations.
Ice Cream Characteristic with Cured Egg Yolk Powder As Whipping Cream Replacer
Authors: Agustin Citravia , Nurliyani Nurliyani , Jamhari Jamhari
Published: April 2021

Ice cream is a dairy product with high calorie because of fat and sugar content. Common sources of ice cream fat include butter, cream, and whipping cream. Cured egg yolk can be used as an alternative to salting eggs in a shorter time to extend the shelf life of eggs. Yolk has a high enough fat content, so it can be used to substitute fat sources in ice cream making.The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of ice cream with cured egg yolk powder as a substitute for whipping cream. This study used cured egg powder as a substitute for whipping cream in ice cream. This research consisted of 2 types of cured egg yolk powder (chicken and duck) and 3 levels of cured egg yolk powder substitution (0%, 2%, and 4%) in whipping cream. The analysis of this research was to physical, chemical, and sensory analysis of ice cream. The results showed that the substitution of whipping cream with cured egg yolk powder had a significantly different effect (P <0.05) on fat content and melting point, but not significantly different on moisture, ash, protein, overrun, and sensory ice cream content. The mean moisture, ash, protein content, and ice cream overrun percentage were 58.64%; 1.07%; 5.30%; 39.41%. The average fat content and the melting rate of ice cream with 0 substitutions; 2; 4% cured egg yolk powder successively 9, 29% fat content; 10.39%; 11.13%, while the melting point is 12.43% successively; 21.81%; 30.43%. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the substitution of 2% - 4% with cured egg yolk powder can increase fat content and melting point without affecting the sensory properties of ice cream, and same with ice cream’s quality standard according to SNI. Duck egg of cured egg yolk powder as whipping cream replacer showed highly overrun content than chicken egg of cured egg yolk powder.
Chemical Characteristics of Beef Rawon in Malang City
Authors: Darmawan Chandra Aditya , Rosyidi Djalal , Evanuarini Herly
Published: April 2021

Malang city as a travel destination in East Java has various regional culinary such as rawon. Rawon was a dark soup made from beef broth, kluwak (Pangium edule) paste, sliced beef and various spices, served with rice and often topped with bean sprout. Spices are obtained from natural plants that have a strong aroma and are often used as food mixtures or preservatives. Different ingredients, cooking methods and the heating process will produce different quality of rawon. The quality of rawon in Malang city was still unknown. By knowing the quality of rawon in Malang, parts used in the manufacture of rawon include ribs, brisket, samcan meat and each rawon merchant shop uses a different type. Consumers can choose rawon with the best quality in terms of nutritional value. The purpose of this research was to know the pH, moisture content, fat content, total calories and fatty acid profile of rawon in Malang City. This research used a descriptive quantitative research method. Rawon samples were obtained from several districts in Malang city. The data were analyzed statistically using excel to get the standard deviation based on the method. The results showed that the quality of rawon in Malang city has a pH of 4.80 ± 0.22 to 6.31 ± 0.16, moisture content 44.07 ± 0.15 to 74.81 ± 0.16, fat content 9.86 ± 0.18 to 17.62 ± 0.19, total calories 88.38 ± 0.24 to 201.06 ± 0.14, rawon consists of 19 saturated fatty acids and 18 unsaturated fatty acids saturated. It can be concluded that rawon beef in Malang was a nutrient dense food and its nutritional content varies depending on the beef used, the recipe and the cooking process.
Effects of Mango Mistletoe (Dendrophthoe pentandra L. Miq) Extracts on Brain in Hypertensive Rats Treated with Deoxycorticosterone Acetate (DOCA)-Salt
Authors:   Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Islam Malang, Jl. MT. Haryono 193, Malang, Saputri Syntia , Sjakoer Nour Athiroh ,   Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Islam Malang, Jl. MT. Haryono 193, Malang, Mubarakati Nurul ,   Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Islam Malang, Jl. MT. Haryono 193, Malang
Published: April 2021

Mango mistletoe (Dendrophthoe pentandra) is a plant that has the potential as a medicinal plant. Mango mistletoe is reported to contain the flavonoids quercetin, mesoinositol, rutin, and tannins. Hypertension as a non-communicable disease is a very serious health problem experienced by people in developing countries. Hypertension can be caused by high ROS (reactive oxygen species) which can inhibit oxygen flow to the heart and brain. Antioxidants can reduce the risk of hypertension. Damage to the brain due to hypertension is manifest in the white matter area. This study aimed to see how the histopathological profile of the brain in hypertensive rats (DOCA-Salt) which were given mango mistletoe methanolic extract (MMME) by experimental method. The number of tested animals was 25 male Wistar rats divided into 5 groups, each group contained 5 rats, they were negative control (Control-) as normotension, positive control (Control+) as inducer, and the treatment group with the provision of MMME at a dose of 50 mg / kgBW, 100 mg / kgBW, and 200 mg / kgBW. Data were analyzed using JAMOVI 1.1.9.0. Based on the results of the study showed that the difference in significant values between all groups was p<0.05. So, that giving EMBM to male rat significantly can decrease the number of cell necrosis and affect the width of the white matter area of the brain. The three dose variations did not show a significant difference, so this effect was controlled by the MMME dose of 50 mg / KgBW which was the optimum dose in reducing the amount of cell necrosis in the white matter area of the male Wistar rat brain.
Registro preliminar de la herpetofauna asociada a bosque de galería y a la subcuenca del río Camoa de la Reserva El Caduceo, San Martín, Meta, Colombia
Authors: Giraldo Gutiérrez Valentina , Pachón Pontón Laura Nathaly , Trujillo Cortés Daniela , Peñaranda Carrillo Juliana Andrea , Ruiz Toquica Jordan Steven
Published: April 2021

Actualmente, en La Reserva Natural El Caduceo, San Martín, Meta, se han registrado cerca de 18 especies de anfibios y 27 de reptiles. Sin embargo, los registros existentes no son suficientes para determinar el estado de sus comunidades, lo que hace cada vez más difícil continuar con la labor de conservación y protección de estos organismos. Este trabajo buscó identificar de manera preliminar algunas de las familias y especies de herpetofauna asociadas a esta reserva natural tomando como referencia las unidades paisajísticas del bosque de galería y la subcuenca del río Camoa, las cuales han estado bajo presión de actividades antrópicas. Allí, se realizaron recorridos longitudinales y capturas directas en dos puntos de muestreo durante jornadas diurnas y nocturnas. Se registraron nueve especies de las familias Ranidae, Hylidae, Bufonidae, Testudinidae, Dipsadidae, Colubridae, Teiidae, Sphaerodactylidae y Gekkonidae. Además, se reporta por primera vez la presencia de geckos invasores del género Hemidactylus, por lo que se debe continuar con monitoreos sobre el estado actual de esta posible población invasora y su impacto sobre las poblaciones nativas, así como generar reportes sobre el estado de la comunidad de herpetofauna en esta zona, especialmente durante diferentes épocas del año.
Guía técnica para el manejo de residuos orgánicos en La Macarena, Meta
Authors: Ramos Pablo Fernando , Vargas Luna Diana Marcela , Vargas Valenzuela Yeraldine
Published: April 2021

Esta guía compila el trabajo realizado de manera conjunta entre rectores, docentes, estudiantes y familias de las instituciones educativas Héctor Iván Hernández, Nuevo Horizonte y Santa Teresa, la Dirección de Bienes Públicos Rurales del Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural, el Grupo de Apoyo del Ministerio de Educación Nacional y AGROSAVIA. Esta publicación se encuentra dividida en tres temas: compost tradicional, vermicompost o lombricompostaje y abono orgánico tipo bocashi, y tiene como objetivo principal brindar a los estudiantes la posibilidad de aprender mientras realizan actividades prácticas, de que observen y analicen la situación de la región para que encuentren las posibles soluciones a las problemáticas ambientales que surgen en su entorno. Con este propósito, la Guía propone actividades técnicas, básicas, socioemocionales y socioculturales que les permiten obtener los resultados de aprendizaje.
Geosocial Networking Dating App Usage and Risky Sexual Behavior in Young Adults Attending a Music Festival: Cross-sectional Questionnaire Study
Authors: Garga Shirali , Thomas Meryl , Bhatia Ashneet , Sullivan Aidan , John-Leader Franklin , Pit Sabrina
Published: April 2021

Background

Despite the prevalent use of geosocial networking dating apps (GNDAs), there is limited research on their impact on sexual health outcomes among young music festivals attendees.

Objective

This study aims to explore the use of GNDAs and risky sexual behaviors of young adults attending a music festival.

Methods

The music festival attendees (N=862) completed a cross-sectional questionnaire study encompassing demographics, dating app use, and risky sexual behaviors in the past year. Associations between these variables were estimated using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.

Results

Of the respondents, 51.9% (448/862) had used GNDAs in the previous year. Compared with people who had 1 partner, people who had 2-5 sexual partners in the previous year had almost 7 times the odds of using dating apps (odds ratio [OR] 6.581, 95% CI 4.643-9.328) and those who had more than 5 partners had 14 times the odds of using dating apps (OR 14.294, 95% CI 8.92-22.906). Condom users were more likely to be app users (P<.001), as were those who relied on emergency Plan B (P=.002), but people using hormonal contraception were less likely to use dating apps (P=.004). After adjusting for sexual orientation and relationship status, those having casual sex had 3.096 (95% CI 2.225-4.307; P<.001) times the odds of using dating apps and those having multiple sexual partners had 3.943 (95% CI 2.782-5.588; P<.001) times the odds of using dating apps. Similarly, after adjusting for sexual orientation, relationship status, and number of sexual partners, people who had no discussions before having sex about sexually transmitted infections (STIs) or boundaries were more likely to use dating apps (OR 1.755, 95% CI 1.232-2.500; P=.002). Those who perceived the risk of having sex without contraception to be very high had 2.486 (95% CI 2.213-5.096; P=.01) times the odds of using dating apps than those who perceived no risk. Compared with those who perceived no risk, people who thought that the risk of having multiple sexual partners was low to high had 1.871 (95% CI 1.024-3.418; P=.04) times the odds of using dating apps. A significant number of app users (389/440, 88.4%) indicated that GNDAs should promote safe sex.

Conclusions

This study identified that festival goers engaging in certain high-risk sexual behaviors, including casual sex, having multiple sexual partners, and having sex without discussion about STI status and boundaries, are more likely to use dating apps. Festival goers who perceived sex without any form of contraception, having sex while drunk, and having multiple sexual partners as risky were more likely to be app users. Policy makers and GNDA developers should acknowledge the vulnerability of their users to adverse sexual health outcomes and use GNDAs as a platform to promote risk-reduction practices.
Public Interest in Immunity and the Justification for Intervention in the Early Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Analysis of Google Trends Data
Authors: Lee Jinhee , Kwan Yunna , Lee Jun Young , Shin Jae Il , Lee Keum Hwa , Hong Sung Hwi , Han Young Joo , Kronbichler Andreas , Smith Lee , Koyanagi Ai , Jacob Louis , Choi SungWon , Ghayda Ramy Abou , Park Myung-Bae
Published: April 2021

Background

The use of social big data is an important emerging concern in public health. Internet search volumes are useful data that can sensitively detect trends of the public's attention during a pandemic outbreak situation.

Objective

Our study aimed to analyze the public’s interest in COVID-19 proliferation, identify the correlation between the proliferation of COVID-19 and interest in immunity and products that have been reported to confer an enhancement of immunity, and suggest measures for interventions that should be implemented from a health and medical point of view.

Methods

To assess the level of public interest in infectious diseases during the initial days of the COVID-19 outbreak, we extracted Google search data from January 20, 2020, onward and compared them to data from March 15, 2020, which was approximately 2 months after the COVID-19 outbreak began. In order to determine whether the public became interested in the immune system, we selected coronavirus, immune, and vitamin as our final search terms.

Results

The increase in the cumulative number of confirmed COVID-19 cases that occurred after January 20, 2020, had a strong positive correlation with the search volumes for the terms coronavirus (R=0.786; P<.001), immune (R=0.745; P<.001), and vitamin (R=0.778; P<.001), and the correlations between variables were all mutually statistically significant. Moreover, these correlations were confirmed on a country basis when we restricted our analyses to the United States, the United Kingdom, Italy, and Korea. Our findings revealed that increases in search volumes for the terms coronavirus and immune preceded the actual occurrences of confirmed cases.

Conclusions

Our study shows that during the initial phase of the COVID-19 crisis, the public’s desire and actions of strengthening their own immune systems were enhanced. Further, in the early stage of a pandemic, social media platforms have a high potential for informing the public about potentially helpful measures to prevent the spread of an infectious disease and provide relevant information about immunity, thereby increasing the public’s knowledge.
Establishing Machine Learning Models to Predict Curative Resection in Early Gastric Cancer with Undifferentiated Histology: Development and Usability Study (Preprint)
Authors: Bang Chang Seok , Ahn Ji Yong , Kim Jie-Hyun , Kim Young-Il , Choi Il Ju , Shin Woon Geon
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND

Undifferentiated type of early gastric cancer (U-EGC) is included among the expanded indications of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD); however, the rate of curative resection remains unsatisfactory. Endoscopists predict the probability of curative resection by considering the size and shape of the lesion and whether ulcers are present or not. The location of the lesion, indicating the likely technical difficulty, is also considered.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to establish machine learning (ML) models to better predict the possibility of curative resection in U-EGC prior to ESD.

METHODS

A nationwide cohort of 2703 U-EGCs treated by ESD or surgery were adopted for the training and internal validation cohorts. Separately, an independent data set of the Korean ESD registry (n=275) and an Asan medical center data set (n=127) treated by ESD were chosen for external validation. Eighteen ML classifiers were selected to establish prediction models of curative resection with the following variables: age; sex; location, size, and shape of the lesion; and whether ulcers were present or not.

RESULTS

Among the 18 models, the extreme gradient boosting classifier showed the best performance (internal validation accuracy 93.4%, 95% CI 90.4%-96.4%; precision 92.6%, 95% CI 89.5%-95.7%; recall 99.0%, 95% CI 97.8%-99.9%; and F1 score 95.7%, 95% CI 93.3%-98.1%). Attempts at external validation showed substantial accuracy (first external validation 81.5%, 95% CI 76.9%-86.1% and second external validation 89.8%, 95% CI 84.5%-95.1%). Lesion size was the most important feature in each explainable artificial intelligence analysis.

CONCLUSIONS

We established an ML model capable of accurately predicting the curative resection of U-EGC before ESD by considering the morphological and ecological characteristics of the lesions.
Effects of an online self-help intervention on university students’ mental health during COVID-19: a non-randomized controlled pilot study (Preprint)
Authors: Charbonnier Elodie , Trémolière Bastien , Baussard Louise , Goncalves Aurelie , Lespiau Florence , Philippe Antony G , Le Vigouroux Sarah
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND

The COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting abrupt changes in daily life and ways of learning had a significant impact on university students, in particular on their mental health. However, little is known on how to prevent and/or reduce its impact to date. Prior to COVID-19, some studies have shown that online stress management programs were successful enough to improve students' mental health and stress adjustment strategies, suggesting that these interventions should be further developed during the pandemic.

OBJECTIVE

Our study explored the effects on mental health of an online self-help program which targeted stress management and learning.

METHODS

A non-randomized controlled study was initially conducted with 347 university students. Our final sample was composed of 114 participants distributed in two groups: the intervention group (participants who took part in the program) and the control group (participants who did not take part in the program). The variables measured were: anxiety and depressive symptoms (HADS), academic burnout (MBI-GSS), learned helplessness (LHQ), and coping strategies (Brief-COPE). Measurements were performed at the baseline (T0) and at 8 weeks (T1) after the baseline.

RESULTS

Means comparisons between T0 and T1 reveal a reduction in anxiety symptoms (rrb = 0.49, P = .008) and learned helplessness (rrb = 0.51, P = .04) in the intervention group while no such results were observed in the control group.

CONCLUSIONS

Our pilot study reports promising effects of our online self-help program on students' psychological state. Further research will be needed to confirm the beneficial effect of this type of program on university students.

CLINICALTRIAL