Анеуплоїдія букальних епітеліальних клітин: феномен чи потенційна загроза
Authors: Odud M P. , Beliaiev E. V. , Lysenko D. A. 
Published: November 2017

Aneuploidy is regarded today [1] as a result of reducing and lengthening of large areas (translocations) chromosome movement. Most aneuploid cells die immediately, but the few that survived have thousands of genes dose of which is not the same as in normal cells. Coordinated team of enzymes, providing the synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and its integrity, breaks in the double helix, have gaps, further destabilizing the genome. The higher the degree of unstable cells aneuploidy the more likely tumor cells will be in the end result. A probability of tumors in the genetic defect presence is not predictable.The aim of the study – to leart the contraction and extension of chromosomal motion on large areas.Materials and Methods. Modern materials used for dental prostheses include crosslinked polymers and somonomery materials to be relatively intact cells of oral mucosa. However, only acrylic detachable plate implants contain potentially hazardous substances, methyl esters of methacrylic acid, which, according to laboratory data, were protoplasmic poisons. But researchers observed the effect of only high doses of unrealistic dentures. The DNA cytometry technology fi xes chromosomal lesions that can potentially cause the development of the tumor and which is likely to be a predictor of tumor growth. DNA content in nuclei of buccal epithelium cells was determined using fl ow cytometry.Results and Discussion. The indicators of cell cycle indicators buccal epithelium in 70 people were studied. Among them 23 patients on the background of the hypothesis of the plate crypt prosthesis, 23 – with the prosthetics on the basis of thermoplastic plastics. The comparison group consisted of 24 clinically healthy people without defects in dentition. Criteria for inclusion were patients with severe systemic diseases, tobacco smoking, burdened allergic history, complete absence of teeth, prosthetic stomatitis, chronic generalized periodontitis in acute condition, refusal of the patient to participate in the survey. The subject of the study was the buccal epithelium of the mucous membrane of the patient’s oral cavity, since the superfi cial epithelium is the main structural and functional component of the mucous membrane. An unexpected damage to the cell cycle during treatment with acrylic prosthesis bases was the detection of aneuploid epithelium, which was detected in 2 patients. These cells are genetically unstable and a sign of readiness for tumor growth and the presence of aneuploidy is associated with more serious complications and is a marker of an adverse prognosis. The study describes aneuploid cells, but there is still a question: is this a phenomenon or a potential threat? We did not fi nd any patient with acrylic prosthesis in whom the development of oral cavity was diagnosed, but it is necessary to know that the duration of using prosthetics was up to 2 years, which does not allow completely evaluating the oncogenic risk of this category of patients.Conclusions. Aneuploidy is a serious violation of DNA that is fi xed when using acrylic dentures. Potential carcinogenicity of this phenomenon requires further study.