bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Figure 2 from Complement Factor H Is an ICOS Ligand Modulating Tregs in the Glioma Microenvironment
Authors: Smolag Karolina I. , Olszowka Jakub , Rosberg Rebecca , Johansson Elinn , Marinko Elisabet , Leandersson Karin , O’Connell David J. , Governa Valeria , Tuysuz Emre Can , Belting Mattias , Pietras Alexander , Martin Myriam , Blom Anna M.
Published: January 2025

FH increases the viability of Tregs. FH-rendered increase in survival of CD4+ (A) but not CD8+ (B) or naïve CD4+ (C) T cells. FH increased survival of Tregs (D) and did not increase survival of Treg-depleted CD4+ T cells (E). Cells were incubated with medium, 150 μg/mL FH, or α1-AT for 7 days, assessed by Annexin V and Via-Probe staining. F, Gating of Tregs according to ICOS expression. FH rescues survival of ICOS+ but not ICOS− Tregs incubated with medium alone and supplemented with 150 μg/mL FH. G, Incubation with 2 and 10 μg/mL of ICOS blocking antibody decreased the FH-rendered increase in Treg viability in a dose-dependent manner. H, The p110δ-specific PI3Kδ inhibitor CAL-101 negates the increase in Treg survival induced by 150 μg/mL of FH. Data are means ± SD of n = 4 (A–D and H), n = 3 (F), n = 5 (G) independent experiments. Statistical tests: two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison test (A–C and F–H), Kruskal–Wallis with Dunn’s multiple comparison test (D and E). *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001; AF, Alexa Fluor; CTRL, control; iso, isotype; ns, nonsignificant.
Figure 1 from Complement Factor H Is an ICOS Ligand Modulating Tregs in the Glioma Microenvironment
Authors: Smolag Karolina I. , Olszowka Jakub , Rosberg Rebecca , Johansson Elinn , Marinko Elisabet , Leandersson Karin , O’Connell David J. , Governa Valeria , Tuysuz Emre Can , Belting Mattias , Pietras Alexander , Martin Myriam , Blom Anna M.
Published: January 2025

FH binds to T cells via ICOS. A, Biotinylated FH binds to CD4+ T cells upon incubation for 2 hours with TexMACS medium alone and supplemented with 50 and 100 μg/mL FH. B, Fractionation detecting FH binding but not internalization into CD4+ T cells, incubated with 150 μg/mL FH for 2 hours at 4°C or 37°C. C, HuProt microarray showing top-specific proteins binding FH CCP19-20. D and E, PLA showing FH binding to ICOS. CD4+ T cells and activated CD4+ T cells were incubated with FH for 2 hours at 37°C, and the interaction between ICOS and FH was detected with specific antibodies and visualized as white dots. F, ELISA detection of dose-dependent binding of FH to ICOS or α1-AT. CD4+ T cells were incubated for 2 hours at 37°C with biotinylated FH or α1-AT and lysed. The microtiter plate was coated with an anti-ICOS antibody, and bound complexes from the lysates were detected with streptavidin. G, Preincubation with anti-ICOS antibody reduced FH binding to CD4+ T cells in a dose-dependent manner. Isotype control was used at the same concentration, without affecting the binding. Representative blot (H) and quantification (I and J) of increased phosphorylation of Akt and GSK in Tregs upon incubation with 150 μg/mL FH. ICOS blocking antibody but not isotype control inhibited this effect. Data are means ± SD of n = 8 (A), n = 5 (E–G Iso-CTRL), n = 7 (G α-ICOS), n = 4 (I and J) independent experiments; representative blot of (B and H) n = 4 independent experiments; representative pictures of (D) n = 5 independent experiments. Statistical test: Kruskal–Wallis with Dunn’s multiple comparison test (A and E), two-way ANOVA (F and G), and one-way ANOVA (I and J) with Tukey’s multiple comparison test. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001. act, activated; AF, Alexa Fluor; CTRL, control; GSK, glycogen synthase kinase-3; iso, isotype; ns, nonsignificant; PLA, proximity ligation assay.
Supplemental Figure 4. from Alternate MHC I Antigen Presentation Pathways Allow CD8+ T-cell Recognition and Killing of Cancer Cells in the Absence of β2M or TAP
Authors: Cruz Freidrich M. , Orellano Laura A. A. , Chan Amanda , Rock Kenneth L.
Published: January 2025

Supplemental Figure 4: Staining for Ova-H-2Kb complexes on β2m and Tap1 KO Yumm 1.7 cells.
Supplementary Fig. S8 from Gefitinib Reverses PD-L1–Mediated Immunosuppression Induced by Long-term Glutamine Blockade in Bladder Cancer
Authors: Ma Guofeng , Jia Huiqing , Li Zhiqiang , Zhang Xiangyan , Wang Liping , Zhang Zhilei , Xiao Yujing , Liang Zhijuan , Li Dan , Chen Yuanbin , Tian Xintao , Wang Yonghua , Liang Ye , Niu Haitao
Published: January 2025

Effects of Gefitinib and glutamine blockade on bladder cancer growth in BALB/C nude mice.
Supplementary Fig. S10 from Gefitinib Reverses PD-L1–Mediated Immunosuppression Induced by Long-term Glutamine Blockade in Bladder Cancer
Authors: Ma Guofeng , Jia Huiqing , Li Zhiqiang , Zhang Xiangyan , Wang Liping , Zhang Zhilei , Xiao Yujing , Liang Zhijuan , Li Dan , Chen Yuanbin , Tian Xintao , Wang Yonghua , Liang Ye , Niu Haitao
Published: January 2025

Gefitinib synergizes with glutamine blockade to reduce orthotopic bladder cancer growth in C57BL/6 mice.
Table S4 from A Phase I Trial of Trebananib, an Angiopoietin 1 and 2 Neutralizing Peptibody, Combined with Pembrolizumab in Patients with Advanced Ovarian and Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Huffman Brandon M. , Rahma Osama E. , Tyan Kevin , Li Yvonne Y. , Giobbie-Hurder Anita , Schlechter Benjamin L. , Bockorny Bruno , Manos Michael P. , Cherniack Andrew D. , Baginska Joanna , Mariño-Enríquez Adrián , Kao Katrina Z. , Maloney Anna K. , Ferro Allison , Kelland Sarah , Ng Kimmie , Singh Harshabad , Welsh Emma L. , Pfaff Kathleen L. , Giannakis Marios , Rodig Scott J. , Hodi F. Stephen , Cleary James M.
Published: January 2025

Table S4
Figure S5 from A Phase I Trial of Trebananib, an Angiopoietin 1 and 2 Neutralizing Peptibody, Combined with Pembrolizumab in Patients with Advanced Ovarian and Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Huffman Brandon M. , Rahma Osama E. , Tyan Kevin , Li Yvonne Y. , Giobbie-Hurder Anita , Schlechter Benjamin L. , Bockorny Bruno , Manos Michael P. , Cherniack Andrew D. , Baginska Joanna , Mariño-Enríquez Adrián , Kao Katrina Z. , Maloney Anna K. , Ferro Allison , Kelland Sarah , Ng Kimmie , Singh Harshabad , Welsh Emma L. , Pfaff Kathleen L. , Giannakis Marios , Rodig Scott J. , Hodi F. Stephen , Cleary James M.
Published: January 2025

Supplementary Figure S5: Survival by ERBB2 status.
Figure S4 from A Phase I Trial of Trebananib, an Angiopoietin 1 and 2 Neutralizing Peptibody, Combined with Pembrolizumab in Patients with Advanced Ovarian and Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Huffman Brandon M. , Rahma Osama E. , Tyan Kevin , Li Yvonne Y. , Giobbie-Hurder Anita , Schlechter Benjamin L. , Bockorny Bruno , Manos Michael P. , Cherniack Andrew D. , Baginska Joanna , Mariño-Enríquez Adrián , Kao Katrina Z. , Maloney Anna K. , Ferro Allison , Kelland Sarah , Ng Kimmie , Singh Harshabad , Welsh Emma L. , Pfaff Kathleen L. , Giannakis Marios , Rodig Scott J. , Hodi F. Stephen , Cleary James M.
Published: January 2025

Supplementary Figure S4: Tumor immune microenvironment in a colorectal cancer patient with acquired resistance to pembrolizumab and trebananib.
Figure S7 from CD49a Targeting Enhances NK Cell Function and Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Zhang Yu , Li Yangyang , Zhang Zhengfeng , Zheng Xiaodong , Peng Hui , Tian Zhigang , Sun Rui , Sun Haoyu
Published: January 2025

Treatment with anti-CD49a mAb does not affect the body weight of the mice.
Figure S1 from Deleting Trim33 in Myeloid Cells Improves the Efficiency of Radiotherapy through an IFNβ-Dependent Antitumor Immune Response
Authors: Assouvie Anaïs , Gerbé-de-Thoré Marine , Torres Claire , Ménard Véronique , Alfaro Alexia , Deutsch Eric , Mondini Michele , Rousselet Germain
Published: January 2025

Signaling pathways in BMDM upon irradiation or treatment with irradiated cells
Supplementary Figure 5 from Preclinical Development of T Cells Engineered to Express a T-Cell Antigen Coupler Targeting Claudin 18.2–Positive Solid Tumors
Authors: Xu Stacey X. , Wang Ling , Ip Philbert , Randhawa Ritu R. , Benatar Tania , Prosser Suzanna L. , Lal Prabha , Khan Alima Naim , Nitya-Nootan Thanyashanthi , Thakor Gargi , MacGregor Heather , Hayes Danielle L , Vucicevic Andrea , Mathew Princy , Sengupta Sadhak , Helsen Christopher W. , Bader Andreas G.
Published: January 2025

Supplementary Figure 5: Dose-dependent effects of TAC01-CLDN18.2 on OE19 tumor growth in NSG mice.
Figure 5 from Preclinical Development of T Cells Engineered to Express a T-Cell Antigen Coupler Targeting Claudin 18.2–Positive Solid Tumors
Authors: Xu Stacey X. , Wang Ling , Ip Philbert , Randhawa Ritu R. , Benatar Tania , Prosser Suzanna L. , Lal Prabha , Khan Alima Naim , Nitya-Nootan Thanyashanthi , Thakor Gargi , MacGregor Heather , Hayes Danielle L , Vucicevic Andrea , Mathew Princy , Sengupta Sadhak , Helsen Christopher W. , Bader Andreas G.
Published: January 2025

Pharmacology of CLDN18.2-TAC T cells in various CLDN18.2-positive tumor mouse models. A, In vivo efficacy of CLDN18.2-TAC T cells against s.c. solid tumors. Tumor volumes of individual animals are shown (n = 5–8/grp). Animals were administered a single i.v. dose of 6 × 106 TAC01-CLDN18.2 or NTD control cells. B, Pharmacokinetics of TAC01-CLDN18.2. NSG mice carrying established s.c. OE19 tumor xenografts were treated with a single i.v. dose of 6 × 106 TAC01-CLDN18.2. Tumor, blood, and stomach samples were collected at various time points, processed to gDNA, and evaluated by TAC-specific ddPCR. Averages and SDs derived from six animals per time point are shown. *, Averages and SDs were derived from only two tumor samples due to tumor clearance in four of six mice. Right, Average tumor volume of mice in the pharmacokinetic study. C, CLDN18.2-TAC T cell efficacy during tumor rechallenge. NSG/MHC-DKO mice engrafted with N87CLDN18.2 tumor xenografts were treated once with 6 × 106 CLDN18.2-TAC T cells (day 0). Two weeks after the primary tumors regressed, mice were rechallenged with N87CLDN18.2 tumor cells given in the opposing hind flank (day 26). Separate groups of mice receiving no treatment were used as negative controls during the first and second tumor challenges. Left, Tumor volumes of individual animals. Right, Mouse body weights relative to day 0. A statistical analysis of efficacy data is shown in Supplementary Table S6. NT, not treated.
Figure 4 from Preclinical Development of T Cells Engineered to Express a T-Cell Antigen Coupler Targeting Claudin 18.2–Positive Solid Tumors
Authors: Xu Stacey X. , Wang Ling , Ip Philbert , Randhawa Ritu R. , Benatar Tania , Prosser Suzanna L. , Lal Prabha , Khan Alima Naim , Nitya-Nootan Thanyashanthi , Thakor Gargi , MacGregor Heather , Hayes Danielle L , Vucicevic Andrea , Mathew Princy , Sengupta Sadhak , Helsen Christopher W. , Bader Andreas G.
Published: January 2025

Clearance of gastric tumor spheroids by CLDN18.2-TAC T cells. A, Cytotoxicity of TAC01-CLDN18.2 against N87CLDN18.2 tumor spheroids. GFP-expressing N87CLDN18.2 spheroids aggregated with CAFs were cocultured with CLDN18.2-TAC T cells at various E:T ratios for 7 days. Left: Microscopy images of tumor spheroids (E:T = 5:1). Right: Quantitation of GFP fluorescence over time. Dotted lines denote NTD cocultures. Averages and SDs of experiments done in triplicates are shown. B, IHC analysis of spheroids cultured at E:T = 5:1 and collected on day 2. H&E, hematoxylin and eosin; NT, not treated; RFU, relative fluorescence units; VIM, vimentin.
Figure 3 from Preclinical Development of T Cells Engineered to Express a T-Cell Antigen Coupler Targeting Claudin 18.2–Positive Solid Tumors
Authors: Xu Stacey X. , Wang Ling , Ip Philbert , Randhawa Ritu R. , Benatar Tania , Prosser Suzanna L. , Lal Prabha , Khan Alima Naim , Nitya-Nootan Thanyashanthi , Thakor Gargi , MacGregor Heather , Hayes Danielle L , Vucicevic Andrea , Mathew Princy , Sengupta Sadhak , Helsen Christopher W. , Bader Andreas G.
Published: January 2025

Cytotoxicity of CLDN18.2-TAC T cells against gastric, gastroesophageal, and pancreatic cancer cells. A, TAC01-CLDN18.2 potency in a 5-day coculture. Tumor cells were cocultured with TAC01-CLDN18.2 at different E:T ratios and monitored via nGFP during live-cell imaging for 120 hours. Left, Representative images taken at the end of the 120-hour cocultures. Green: nGFP-engineered tumor cells; red: DRAQ7 death dye. Right, Cytotoxicity per E:T ratio as measured by AUC values of killing curves normalized to target alone. A statistical analysis is provided in Supplementary Table S5. B, Recursive killing assay. CLDN18.2-TAC T cells were cocultured with GFP-expressing NALM6CLDN18.2 or N87CLDN18.2 target cells at a 3:1 E:T ratio in rounds of 4 days over the course of 12 total rounds and 48 days. At the end of each round, cytotoxicity was evaluated by measuring GFP fluorescence emitted from the cancer cells and expressed as percentage of cancer cells relative to cancer cells at the beginning of each round (100%). Then, T cells were carried forward into a new round with fresh tumor cells at a 3:1 ratio. As controls, tumor cells alone and tumor cells cultured with NTD cells were used. The NTD coculture did not progress beyond round 1 as all T cells died in the absence of the TAC receptor. Averages and SDs from three replicates are shown, except for rounds 11 and 12 (NALM6CLDN18.2) and round 12 (N87CLDN18.2), for which there were duplicates. All data points reached statistical significance (two-way ANOVA, alpha = 0.05, with Sidak’s post test).
Figure S3 from Level of Expression of MHCI-Presented Neoepitopes Influences Tumor Rejection by Neoantigen-Specific CD8+ T Cells
Authors: Deng Li , Walsh Scott R. , Nguyen Andrew , Inkol Jordon M. , Westerveld Michael J. , Chen Lan , El-Sayes Nader , Mossman Karen L. , Workenhe Samuel T. , Wan Yonghong
Published: January 2025

Comparison of Adpgk-specific CD8 T cell responses induced by VSV-Adpgk and the Adpgk neoantigen peptide vaccine.
Data from Gefitinib Reverses PD-L1–Mediated Immunosuppression Induced by Long-term Glutamine Blockade in Bladder Cancer
Authors: Ma Guofeng , Jia Huiqing , Li Zhiqiang , Zhang Xiangyan , Wang Liping , Zhang Zhilei , Xiao Yujing , Liang Zhijuan , Li Dan , Chen Yuanbin , Tian Xintao , Wang Yonghua , Liang Ye , Niu Haitao
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Glutamine is a major energy source for tumor cells, and blocking glutamine metabolism is being investigated as a promising strategy for cancer therapy. However, the antitumor effect of glutamine blockade in bladder cancer remains unclear, necessitating further investigation. In this study, we demonstrated that glutamine metabolism was involved in the malignant progression of bladder cancer. Treatment with the glutamine antagonist 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON) inhibited the growth of bladder cancer cells in vitro in several ways. In addition, we observed inhibition of tumor growth in bladder cancer–bearing mice by using JHU083, a prodrug that was designed to prevent DON-induced toxicity. However, the antitumor immune effect of T cells changed from activation to inhibition as the administrated time extended. We found that both in vitro treatment with DON and in vivo prolonged administration of JHU083 led to the upregulation of PD-L1 in bladder cancer cells. Mechanistically, glutamine blockade upregulated PD-L1 expression in bladder cancer cells by accumulating reactive oxygen species, subsequently activating the EGFR/ERK/C-Jun signaling pathway. Combination treatment of JHU083 and gefitinib reversed the upregulation of PD-L1 in bladder cancer cells induced by prolonged glutamine blockade, resulting in the alleviation of T-cell immunosuppression and a significant improvement in therapeutic outcome. These preclinical findings show promise for glutamine metabolism targeting as a viable therapeutic strategy for bladder cancer, with the potential for further enhancement through combined treatment with gefitinib.
Data from A Phase I Trial of Trebananib, an Angiopoietin 1 and 2 Neutralizing Peptibody, Combined with Pembrolizumab in Patients with Advanced Ovarian and Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Huffman Brandon M. , Rahma Osama E. , Tyan Kevin , Li Yvonne Y. , Giobbie-Hurder Anita , Schlechter Benjamin L. , Bockorny Bruno , Manos Michael P. , Cherniack Andrew D. , Baginska Joanna , Mariño-Enríquez Adrián , Kao Katrina Z. , Maloney Anna K. , Ferro Allison , Kelland Sarah , Ng Kimmie , Singh Harshabad , Welsh Emma L. , Pfaff Kathleen L. , Giannakis Marios , Rodig Scott J. , Hodi F. Stephen , Cleary James M.
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Ovarian cancers and microsatellite stable (MSS) colorectal cancers are insensitive to anti–programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) immunotherapy, and new immunotherapeutic approaches are needed. Preclinical data suggest a relationship between immunotherapy resistance and elevated angiopoietin 2 levels. We performed a phase I dose escalation study of pembrolizumab and the angiopoietin 1/2 inhibitor trebananib (NCT03239145). This multicenter trial enrolled patients with metastatic ovarian cancer or MSS colorectal cancer. Trebananib was administered intravenously weekly for 12 weeks with 200 mg intravenous pembrolizumab every 3 weeks. The toxicity profile of this combination was manageable, and the protocol-defined highest dose level (trebananib 30 mg/kg weekly plus pembrolizumab 200 mg every 3 weeks) was declared the maximum tolerated dose. The objective response rate for all patients was 7.3% (90% confidence interval, 2.5%–15.9%). Three patients with MSS colorectal cancer had durable responses for ≥3 years. One responding patient’s colorectal cancer harbored a POLE mutation. The other two responding patients had left-sided colorectal cancers, with no baseline liver metastases, and genomic analysis revealed that they both had KRAS wild-type, ERBB2-amplified tumors. After development of acquired resistance, biopsy of one patient’s KRAS wild-type ERBB2-amplified tumor showed a substantial decline in tumor-associated T cells and an increase in immunosuppressive intratumoral macrophages. Future studies are needed to carefully assess whether clinicogenomic features, such as lack of liver metastases, ERBB2 amplification, and left-sided tumors, can predict increased sensitivity to PD-1 immunotherapy combinations.
Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer: A Dangerous Liaison
Authors: Newman Alexandra A.C. , Dalman Jessie M. , Moore Kathryn J.
Published: January 2025

The field of cardio-oncology has traditionally focused on the impact of cancer and its therapies on cardiovascular health. Mounting clinical and preclinical evidence, however, indicates that the reverse may also be true: cardiovascular disease can itself influence tumor growth and metastasis. Numerous epidemiological studies have reported that individuals with prevalent cardiovascular disease have an increased incidence of cancer. In parallel, studies using preclinical mouse models of myocardial infarction, heart failure, and cardiac remodeling support the notion that cardiovascular disorders accelerate the growth of solid tumors and metastases. These findings have ushered in a new and burgeoning field termed reverse cardio-oncology that investigates the impact of cardiovascular disease pathophysiology on cancer emergence and progression. Recent studies have begun to illuminate the mechanisms driving this relationship, including shared risk factors, reprogramming of immune responses, changes in gene expression, and the release of cardiac factors that result in selective advantages for tumor cells or their local milieu, thus exacerbating cancer pathology. Here, we review the evidence supporting the relationship between cardiovascular disease and cancer, the mechanistic pathways enabling this connection, and the implications of these findings for patient care.
Impact of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage on Human Glymphatic Function: A Time-Evolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study
Authors: Eide Per Kristian , Undseth Ragnhild Marie , Pripp Are , Lashkarivand Aslan , Nedregaard Bård , Sletteberg Ruth , Rønning Pål Andre , Sorteberg Angelika G. , Ringstad Geir , Valnes Lars Magnus
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is associated with significant mortality and morbidity. The impact of SAH on human glymphatic function remains unknown.

METHODS:

This prospective, controlled study investigated whether human glymphatic function is altered after SAH, how it differs over time, and possible underlying mechanisms. Glymphatic enrichment was examined by intrathecal contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI, glymphatic MRI), utilizing the MRI contrast agent gadobutrol (Gadovist, Bayer AG, GE; 0.50 mmol) as a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tracer. The distribution of the tracer in the brain and the subarachnoid and ventricular CSF spaces was assessed using standardized multi-phase MRI T1 sequences, and between-group differences in percentage change of standardized T1 signal unit ratios over time were analyzed by linear mixed models.

RESULTS:

The study comprised 27 patients with SAH (19 female/8 male; 59.3±10.2 years) who were examined <3 months (n=5), 3 to 6 months (n=10), 6 to 12 months (n=5), or >12 months (n=7) after bleed. A sex- and age-matched control group of 22 individuals (15 female/7 male; 55.5±10.5 years) underwent the same glymphatic MRI protocol but had no neurological or CSF disease. The patients with SAH showed a marked impairment of glymphatic enrichment throughout the brain (particularly addressing the cerebral cortex and subcortical white matter), especially after 24 hours. The glymphatic impairment was accompanied by redistribution of CSF tracer from subarachnoid spaces toward ventricles. These alterations were most pronounced after 3 to 6 months and less after 12 months, though with interindividual variation. CSF tracer transport within perivascular subarachnoid spaces was impaired and coincided with impaired glymphatic enrichment.

CONCLUSIONS:

Human glymphatic function is severely impaired by SAH, particularly shortly after the event. Glymphatic failure is associated with redistribution of CSF from subarachnoid spaces toward ventricles. SAH-related impairment of fluid transport within perivascular subarachnoid spaces may contribute to reduced glymphatic influx. Since patient groups are small, care should be made when concluding about the impact of time on glymphatic function.
Distributed Representations for Cognitive Control in Frontal Medial Cortex
Authors: Colin Thomas R. , Ikink Iris , Holroyd Clay B.
Published: January 2025

In natural and artificial neural networks, modularity and distributed structure afford complementary but competing benefits. The former allows for hierarchical representations that can flexibly recombine modules to address novel problems, whereas the latter can benefit from less constrained training, potentially uncovering fruitful statistical regularities. Here, we investigate these competing demands in the context of human sequential behavior. First, we explore this setting by comparing the properties of several recurrent neural network models. We find that explicit hierarchical structure by itself fails to provide a critical performance advantage when compared with a “flat” model that does not incorporate hierarchical structure. However, hierarchy appears to facilitate cognitive control processes that support nonroutine behaviors and behaviors that are carried out under computational stress. Second, we compare these models against fMRI data using representational similarity analysis. We find that a model that incorporates so-called wiring costs in the cost function, which produces a hierarchically organized gradient of representational structure across the hidden layer of the neural network, best accounts for fMRI data collected from human participants in a previous study [Holroyd, C. B., Ribas-Fernandes, J. J. F., Shahnazian, D., Silvetti, M., & Verguts, T., Human midcingulate cortex encodes distributed representations of task progress. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A., 115, 6398–6403, 2018]. The results reveal that the ACC encodes distributed representations of sequential task context along a rostro-caudal gradient of abstraction: Rostral ACC encodes relatively abstract and temporally extended patterns of activity compared with those encoded by caudal ACC. These results provide insight into the role of ACC in motivation and cognitive control.
Neural Evidence for Feature-based Distractor Inhibition
Authors: Hanne Aylin A. , Han Sizhu , Schubö Anna
Published: January 2025

Interference from a salient distractor is typically reduced when the appearance of the distractor follows either spatial or feature-based regularities. Although there is a growing body of literature on distractor location learning, the understanding of distractor feature learning remains limited. In the current study, we investigated distractor feature learning by using EEG measures. We assumed that learning benefits distractor handling, and we investigated the role of intertrial priming in distractor feature learning. Furthermore, we examined whether distractor feature learning influences later visual working memory (VWM) performance. Participants performed an adapted variant of the additional singleton task with a distractor that appeared more often in a specific color. The behavioral results provided additional evidence that observers can use distractor feature regularities to reduce distractor interference. At the neural level, we found a reduced PD with high-probability compared with low-probability distractors, suggesting that less suppression is required when the distractor appears in the more likely color. This reduced need for suppression was partly driven by intertrial priming. The PD elicited by repeated high-probability trials decreased over time, indicating that experience with the distractor reduced the need for suppression. In addition, the results showed that distractor feature learning did not affect VWM performance. Overall, our findings demonstrate that distractor feature learning decreases the interference of a salient distractor while also benefitting from intertrial priming processes, thereby improving attentional selection. In addition, it seems that learned distractor feature inhibition is not maintained in VWM when the task context is changed.
Allzyme® Spectrum supplementation improves apparent ileal phosphorus digestibility and retention in older laying hens
Authors: Walker H. , Bauer K. , Cvejić D. , Keegan J.D. , Nikodinoska I. , Taylor-Pickard J. , Moran C.A.
Published: January 2025

Phosphorus (P) is required by laying hens for various biological functions, and it is usually provided in excess, in a readily digestible inorganic form in diet formulations. By adding enzymes to diets, the availability of phytate-bound P can be increased, allowing for the reduced inclusion of inorganic P in the diet formulation. The following study was conducted to examine the effect of a natural enzyme complex that contains phytase and xylanase on P digestibility in laying hens. Novogen Brown Classic layers (n=314, 95 weeks of age, approximately 14 weeks into second lay) were fed one of two diets; either a basal control diet or a the basal control diet plus a natural mixed-enzyme product (Allzyme® Spectrum; ASC, Alltech Inc, KY, USA) containing phytase (1000 SPU/g) and xylanase (7,500 EPU/g). The experimental diets were provided for 15 days, and excreta was collected from each pen at day 13–15 of the trial to determine total tract retention and apparent ileal digestibility of P and gross energy. At the end of the trial, birds were euthanised and ileal contents were collected. Productivity parameters, including egg production and feed conversion ratio, were recorded over the course of the study. The amount of P in the excreta from birds in the control group was significantly higher than the ASC enzyme-supplemented group. Both P retention, its ileal digestibility and gross energy digestion (ileum and total tract) were significantly higher in the ASC enzyme-supplemented birds. This study showed that the ASC enzyme supplement can improve the total retention and ileal digestibility of P and gross energy in older layers.
Caprellidae (Crustacea: Amphipoda) of Aotearoa New Zealand waters: a constantly changing landscape
Authors: PEART RACHAEL A. , WOODS CHRIS
Published: January 2025

A snapshot of the changing landscape of the Aotearoa New Zealand caprellid fauna is presented. This study is primarily an examination of historic material, mainly from the NIWA Invertebrate Collection. The caprellid fauna from this region suffers from similar problems to many amphipod groups recorded in the Southern Hemisphere. These problems primarily have arisen from Northern Hemisphere researchers (during the years 1760–1920), examining the fauna, and after seeing similarities to known, familiar fauna, assume they are the same organism, creating a concept of ‘cosmopolitan’ species. The fauna is rarely examined in detail as it is abundant, diverse and not considered commercially important. Therefore, the assumed ‘cosmopolitan’ species names are used regularly and repeatedly in ecological and other studies, forming assumptions regarding distributions and influence. This situation is compounded by the introduction of invasive species and the need to assess potential related impacts. Therefore, to resolve some of these issues, this study uses an integrative (using both morphological and molecular methods where possible) approach to review the known species of the family Caprellidae from New Zealand waters and describes six new species: Caprella perplexa sp. nov., Caprella sarahae sp. nov., Caprella serenae sp. nov., Caprellina judyae sp. nov., Caprellina plumea sp. nov., Noculacia anima sp. nov. and one resurrected species, Caprella novaezealandiae to the fauna. A dichotomous key to the New Zealand caprellid fauna is provided, and molecular and morphological analysis and biogeographic comments on the origins of the fauna are also provided. This paper specifically examines the complex of caprellid species from Aotearoa New Zealand and almost doubles the described fauna from 8 species to 15 species.
On the Intraseasonal Oceanic Processes Constrained by Data Assimilation: A Case Study of the Tropical Pacific
Authors: Rohith B. , Gasparin Florent , Ruggiero Giovanni , Remy Elisabeth , Cravatte Sophie
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the ability of a global ocean reanalysis at 1/12° horizontal resolution, GLORYS12, to represent oceanic processes at intraseasonal and higher-frequency scales. GLORYS12, which includes data assimilation of satellite and multi-instrument in situ observations, is compared to a twin-free simulation (with no assimilation) in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Spectral analyses show that data assimilation improves the realism of sea surface height intraseasonal variability in the entire tropical Pacific Ocean, in both amplitude and phase, with an increase in the amplitude of more than 50% for the 20–90-day band and up to 15% for the 2–20-day band. The improvement is largest along the 5°N/S latitudes, where the magnitude of tropical instability waves is maximum, but is limited along the equator where steric height variability is dominated by intraseasonal oceanic Kelvin waves, already well represented in the free simulation. Wavenumber–frequency spectra show that data assimilation constraint improves both the spatial and temporal scales of intraseasonal waves and their timing. Data assimilation impacts the realism of oceanic simulations in two ways. By modifying the background oceanic stratification, it corrects the phase speed of westward-propagating waves. It is also shown that the intraseasonal component of analysis increments (data assimilation corrections applied) is dynamically consistent and exhibits clear intraseasonal propagation. By demonstrating the benefits of data assimilation for intraseasonal processes in the tropical Pacific Ocean, this study highlights the high value of both in situ and satellite observations to constrain ocean models in a wide range of time scales.
All about OER – Why, What, How, and So What: A Collective Case Study
Authors: Orzech Mary Jo , Zhang Jie , Orzel Virginia , Sultana Shirin , Thompsell Angela , Wood Jennifer , Yu Ning
Published: January 2025

Open Educational Resources (OER) have been adopted by growing numbers in higher education during the last two decades. Online repositories contain a myriad of OER content, learning objects, and activities. This article presents six case studies from both new and experienced instructors across multiple disciplines at a single institution. It outlines varying motivations for selecting OER, problems encountered, and possible solutions according to when, how and why instructors started their individual OER journeys. Closer examination using thematic analysis reveals context and commonalities contributing to a more informed understanding of past experiences and more insightful strategies for the use of OER in the future.
Assessing the Correlates of Job Stress and Satisfaction Among Federal Law Enforcement Officers
Authors: Hyslip Thomas S. , Holt Thomas J.
Published: January 2025

Research on the occupational responses of federal government employees has grown dramatically over the last 40 years. Though invaluable, few have explored these issues in federal law enforcement populations who operate within diverse working environments that differ from traditional state and local police agencies, and other civil servants. In addition, their working lives can be impacted by political factors beyond their control, such as government shutdowns. These concerns may drive their occupational experiences, leading to different correlates for job stress and satisfaction compared to other law enforcement officers. This study attempts to explore the relationship between federal agents’ and officers’ perceptions of their organization, personal background, and concerns regarding government shutdowns and their occupational experiences. Responses from 891 respondents serving in 72 federal law enforcement agencies across the whole of the US government were used to conduct two separate ordinary least squares regression models for occupational stress and satisfaction, respectively. The implications of this study for our understanding of the dynamics shaping the experiences of the federal workforce and policies to improve their working lives are explored in detail.
Gore Capitalism and Necropolitics in Brazil’s Malgovernance of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Bastos Lima Mairon G. , Hatzikidi Katerina , da Costa Karen
Published: January 2025

The COVID-19 pandemic caused massive human suffering just as much as it heightened pre-existing socio-economic and political issues. Brazil, where over 700,000 people perished, offers one of the starkest cases as Black and Indigenous lives were particularly neglected through a hands-off approach. While commonly characterized as mismanagement, we argue that the Bolsonaro administration’s strategy instead represents a case of malgovernance—where deliberate (in)action rather than technical inaptitude accounts for the policies adopted. We draw from detailed account-taking of the government’s actions (and calculated inactions) throughout 2020 to 2022 to offer an elaborate analysis of Brazil’s case through the lens of necropolitics and gore capitalism. We expose how a libertarian self-reliance ethic, with racist undertones, joined together with boundless capital accumulation to create a social Darwinist approach to the handling of COVID-19 in Brazil. The malgovernance of the pandemic thus reveals deeper issues that in time may become manifest in newer, grimmer forms.
The influence of body orientation on length judgements
Authors: Scarpellini Federica , Smeets Jeroen B. J.
Published: January 2025

Perceiving the size of a visual object requires the combination of various sources of visual information. A recent paper by Kim et al. (Body Orientation Affects the Perceived Size of Objects. Perception 2022, 51: 25–36) concluded that body orientation played a substantial role. The present paper aims to answer the question of whether the reported effect of body orientation on visuo-haptic size matching was due to effects on the visual or the haptic judgements of size. To do so, we used a within-participant design combining an experiment using visuo-haptic size matching with two experiments that assessed the visual and haptic size-percept using free magnitude estimation. Our experiments produced a systematic visuo-haptic mismatch, but the sign of the mismatch was opposite to that of the original study. Moreover, our study did not reveal a systematic effect of body orientation on this mismatch. Thirdly, we found that the mismatch we determined from participants matching a visual and haptic percept was considerably smaller than the mismatch we derived from their visual and haptic size estimates. In summary, our results emphasise that conclusions about the perceived size of objects are very sensitive to details of the experimental approach.
(E)-1,1,1,2,2,5,5,6,6,6-Decafluoro-3-hexene (HFO-153-10mczz-E)
Authors:   Workplace Environmental Exposure Level (WEEL) Committee,   Occupational Alliance for Risk Science (OARS),   Toxicology Excellence for Risk Assessment (TERA)
Published: January 2025

(E)-1,1,1,2,2,5,5,6,6,6-Decafluoro-3-hexene (HFO-153-10mczz-E) (CASRN 1256353-26-0) is a volatile liquid proposed for use as a new low global-warming potential dielectric fluid in cooling applications. Workplace exposures are expected to be by inhalation exposure. The substance has low acute inhalation toxicity as indicated by a 4-h inhalation LC50 value of approximately 8000 ppm. A suite of in vitro assays was negative for skin and eye irritation as well as for skin sensitization potential. The chemical did not induce cardiac sensitization up to 5000 ppm. Repeated inhalation exposure in rats for 4 or 13 weeks did not produce any effects attributable to the substance at 3000 ppm, the maximum tested concentration. No indications of developmental or reproductive toxicity were observed in studies in rats, also conducted with a maximum concentration of 3000 ppm. There was no indication of genotoxicity in the Ames assay, an assay with human TK cells, chromosome aberration in cultured human lymphocytes, or an in vivo rat micronucleus assay. The critical study for the development of the 8-hour TWA WEEL is the 13-week inhalation toxicity study with a NOAEC of 3000 ppm (32,400) mg/m3). This inhalation NOAEC was adjusted by application of appropriate uncertainty factors to account for interindividual variability, subchronic to chronic exposure extrapolation and other sources of uncertainty. A WEEL value of 200 ppm (2160 mg/m3) is expected to provide an acceptable margin of safety for potential adverse health effects in workers.
How Do Nonprofit Proposal Writers Learn Their Jobs? Results of a Nationwide Survey and Interviews
Authors: Gunning Sarah K.
Published: January 2025

This article responds to the need for studies on the proposal-writing process within nonprofit organizations. The few empirical studies within the technical communication field and nonprofit studies have focused on job satisfaction and compensation rather than the writing process. Based on a nationwide survey ( n = 580) and interviews ( n = 18) of members of several professional organizations for proposal writers, this study describes the differences between academic and nonprofit proposal writers, writers’ experiences learning their job duties, and how long it takes to feel confident in their position. The study also reports three areas of study that writers said are important to their job: research methods, project management, and personnel management. The author provides suggestions to professors of proposal-writing coursework and recommends that they pair with local professional organizations to develop strong connections with the profession.
Minimum clinically important difference of 36-item short form health survey (SF-36) to assess post-surgery quality of life in knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Longo Umile Giuseppe , Campi Stefano , De Salvatore Sergio , Piergentili Ilaria , Bandini Benedetta , Lalli Alberto , Ammendolia Valerio , de Sire Alessandro , Papalia Rocco
Published: January 2025

Background

Quality of life in patients receiving knee arthroplasty is crucial for rehabilitation. Even if the validity of the 36-Item Short Form (SF-36) was already confirmed, the Substantial Clinical Benefit (SCB) and Patient Acceptable Symptom Score (PASS) values of this score remain unknown for both Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) and Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty (UKA).

Objective

The purpose of this research was to compute the Minimal Clinically Important Difference (MCID) of the SF-36 after UKA, and the SCB and PASS of SF-36 after TKA and UKA, in order to assess post-surgery quality of life in knee osteoarthritis.

Methods

Overall, 59 patients (40 women and 19 men, mean age 60.3 ± 13.1 years) completed the questionnaire until six months follow-up. Of these patients, 22 underwent the TKA procedure, while 37 patients underwent the UKA procedure. The anchor question for computing the MCID and SCB thresholds was “How would you describe your health condition in relation to your previous state?”. The PASS scores were determined using the ROC curve and the 75th percentile of the cumulative percentage curve of respondents who believe their symptoms are under control.

Results

The MCID values of global SF-36, Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS) after UKA were 11.3, 14.5 and 11.4, respectively. The SCB values of global SF-36, PCS and MCS after UKA were 23.5, 23.1 and 15, respectively. The PASS values of global SF-36, PCS and MCS after TKA were 71.2, 75 and 69.3, respectively. The PASS values of global SF-36, PCS and MCS after UKA were 70.4, 72.1 and 67.5, respectively.

Conclusion

The SF-36 score represents a valid score for quality of life in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Taken together, the results showed a statistically significant improvement between inception and latest follow-up after TKA and UKA.
Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Deep Vein Thrombosis in Relation to Location: A Retrospective Analysis Study
Authors: Al Yami Majed S. , Alshehri Abdulmajeed M. , Alotaibi Ghadah M. , Alsulimani Mariam S. , Alotaibi Fay M. , Alotaibi Rawan A. , Alqahtani Nouf A. , Alhumaidan Lama A. , Bin Hadhir Lubna S. , Alebrah Norah M. , Almohareb Sumaya N. , Alshaya Omar A. , Alkhezi Omar S. , Alfayez Osamah M. , Almohammed Omar A. , Badawoud Amal M.
Published: January 2025

Background: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a leading cause of death disability. DVT can be classified based on the location and extent of the clot into isolated distal DVT (iDDVT), isolated proximal DVT (iPDVT), or mixed DVT. The aim of this study is to explore the baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients with different types of DVT. Methods: This was a retrospective study of patients who experienced their first DVT event and received an anticoagulant for management. The outcomes of this study include evaluating patients’ characteristics for patients with DVT and assessing the incidence of recurrent DVT, major bleeding (MB), VTE-related rehospitalization, and DVT-related inpatient mortality across different types of DVT. Results: A total of 493 patients were included in the study. Of those, 273 (55.4%) had iPDVT, 25 (5.1%) had iDDVT, and 195 (39.6%) had mixed DVT. The VTE etiology was similar across the groups except for the leg injury, which was significantly higher in patients with iDDVT (24%) compared to iPDVT (6.2%) and mixed DVT (5.6%) ( P = .002). At 12 months, a total of 49 patients (9.9%) had a recurrent DVT event; 25 (9.2%) in the iPDVT group, 3 (12.0%) in the iDDVT group, and 21 (10.8%) in the mixed DVT group ( P = .797). Rates of MB, re-hospitalization, and death from DVT were similar between the groups. Conclusion: Baseline characteristics were not significantly linked to the risk of developing a specific type of lower extremity DVT. Long-term outcomes were similar across all DVT types.
Structural topology and parameter optimization of torsional dampers used in parallel hybrid electric vehicles based on the working conditions
Authors: Yan Zhengfeng , Wang Shangrui , Yao Mingyao , Zhang Nong , Liu Shaofei
Published: January 2025

Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) are equipped with multiple power sources and involve complex mode-switching processes, which lead to intricate torsional vibration characteristics in their powertrains. This paper presents a novel clutch torsional damper with arc springs (CTD-AS) that combines the advantages of traditional clutch torsional dampers (CTDs) and dual-mass flywheels (DMFs). The structure and working principle of the CTD-AS are introduced in the paper, and a torsional damper parameter design method is discussed. During the study, a 13-degree-of-freedom concentrated mass model was established for an HEV powertrain, and optimization schemes based on multiple sets of operating conditions were obtained for a CTD, a DMF, and the CTD-AS. The optimized simulation results demonstrated that the average torsional vibration transmissibility value of the CTD-AS under the three working conditions was approximately 13.8% and 29.7% lower than that of the DMF and the CTD, respectively, and the overall performance is the best. The novel structural topology and parameter optimization method for the torsional damper of a parallel HEV proposed in this paper can effectively enhance driving smoothness under a variety of working conditions.
Performance enhancement of the Ozaki Scheme on integer matrix multiplication unit
Authors: Uchino Yuki , Ozaki Katsuhisa , Imamura Toshiyuki
Published: January 2025

This study was aimed at simultaneously achieving sufficient accuracy and high performance for general matrix multiplications. Recent architectures, such as NVIDIA GPUs, feature high-performance units designed for low-precision matrix multiplications in machine learning models, and next-generation architectures are expected to follow the same design principle. The key to achieving superior performance is to fully leverage such architectures. The Ozaki scheme, a highly accurate matrix multiplication algorithm using error-free transformations, enables higher-precision matrix multiplication to be performed through multiple lower-precision matrix multiplications and higher-precision matrix additions. Ootomo et al. implemented the Ozaki scheme on high-performance matrix multiplication units with the aim of achieving both sufficient accuracy and high performance. This paper proposes alternative approaches to improving performance by reducing the numbers of lower-precision matrix multiplications and higher-precision matrix additions. Numerical experiments demonstrate the accuracy of the results and conduct performance benchmarks of the proposed approaches. These approaches are expected to yield more efficient results in next-generation architectures.