bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A review of the Chilean spider genus Olbus, with notes on the relationships of the Corinnidae (Arachnida, Araneae)
Authors: Ramirez Martin J. , Lopardo Lara , Bonaldo Alexandre B.
Published: July 2010

The Chilean spider genus Olbus is revised to include five species: Olbus sparassoides (Nicolet), and four new species, O. jaguar, O. nahuelbuta, O. eryngiophilus, and O. krypto. The genus is diagnosed by the presence of one apical thickened seta on the palpal tarsus. Differing from the subfamilies Corinninae, Castianeirinae and Trachelinae, the median apophysis is retained on the male palpal bulb, as occurs also in the corinnid genera Ianduba Bonaldo, Mandaneta Strand, Procopius Thorell and Pseudocorinna Simon. Olbus and these genera are placed in Corinnidae incertae sedis. A particular arrangement of enlarged cylindrical gland spigots, at least three on posterior median spinnerets, and two on posterior laterals, is proposed as a synapomorphy of Corinnidae. O. krypto, only known from a male with quite divergent characters, is placed provisionally in the genus.
Systematic revision and cladistic analysis of the Neotropical genera Mitragenius Solier, Auladera Solier and Patagonogenius gen. n. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
Authors: Flores Gustavo E.
Published: July 2010

The genera Mitragenius, Auladera and Patagonogenius gen. n. (Pimeliinae: Nycteliini), distributed in Argentina and central Chile, are revised and a cladistic analysis including 20 species is conducted. The cladistic sequence revealed that former Mitragenius is polyphyletic, requiring removal of seven species to a new genus, described herein as Patagonogenius. Mitragenius comprises nine species: M. tristis Kulzer, M. costatus Kulzer, M. araneiformis Curtis, M. coarcticollis Fairmaire, M. nudus Berg, M. hirtulus Kulzer, M. planicollis sp. n., M. obscuratus Peña and M. dejeanii Solier. Auladera includes four species: A. crenicosta (Guérin), A. andicola (Lacordaire), A. rugicollis (Philippi & Philippi) stat. rev. andA. atronitens Kulzer. Patagonogenius comprises seven species: P. breviangulus (Kulzer) comb. n., P. gentilii (Peña) comb. n., P. quadricollis (Fairmaire) comb. n. (type species), P. collaris (Kulzer) comb. n., P. acutangulus (Kulzer) comb. n., P. kulzeri (Marcuzzi) comb. n. and P. elegans (Peña) comb. n. Mitragenius pusillus Marcuzzi is synonymized with Patagonogenius collaris (Kulzer) and Auladera andicola rugicollis (Philippi & Philippi) is elevated to species status. The paper includes a cladogram, a discussion of the phylogeny of the three genera, redescriptions or descriptions of the three genera and of their 20 species, four dichotomous keys, habitus photographs, drawings of genitalic features and distribution maps.
A new brachypterous Xenomigia species (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) from Venezuela
Authors: Sattler Klaus , Wojtusiak Janusz
Published: July 2010

In Lepidoptera wing reduction is usually restricted to the females. We report a rare case of male brachyptery in the genus Xenomigia Warren, 1906 (Notodontidae: Dioptinae) from the high Andes of Venezuela. At the same time this is the first case of wing reduction in the family Notodontidae (Noctuoidea). The new species Xenomigia brachyptera sp. n. is described and the adult, male genitalia and other structures of the adult morphology are illustrated. Some aspects of wing reduction in Lepidoptera are discussed.
A new xeromelissine bee in Tertiary amber of the Dominican Republic (Hymenoptera: Colletidae)
Authors: Engel Michael S.
Published: July 2010

A new fossil of the colletid bee subfamily Xeromelissinae is described and figured from Miocene amber of the Dominican Republic. The species is represented by a single female and is proposed as Chilicola electrodominica sp. n. The fossil is distinguished from living Chilicola as well as the only other fossil xeromelissine, C. gracilis. The relative ages of the genus Chilicola, the subfamily, and the Colletidae as a whole are briefly discussed.
Gall thrips of the Austro-Pacific genus Euoplothrips Hood (Thysanoptera), with a new species from Australia
Authors: Marullo Rita
Published: July 2010

The members of Euoplothrips are probably all kleptoparasites on various gall-inducing thrips. A new species of the genus, E. platypodae, is described from Gynaikothrips leaf galls on Ficus platypoda in Western Australia. Three different species from Tonga, Samoa and the Solomon Islands are each known from leaf galls on Ficus. In contrast, the eastern Australian species E. bagnalli is recorded from the leaf galls of other thrips on Smilax australis and Alyxia spicata. E. armatus Moulton from Papua New Guinea is included as a further synonym of E. bagnalli. A key is provided to distinguish these five species. E. malabarica is also included although it is known only from the original description and is probably not congeneric.
Taitastreptus flavipes, a new genus and species of arboreal millipede from Kenya (Diplopoda: Spirostreptidae)
Authors: Vandenspiegel Didier
Published: July 2010

This paper describes a new genus and species of Spirostreptidae, Taitastreptus flavipes, collected in several forest fragments of the Taita hills (Kenya). This genus differs from known spirostreptid genera by the remarkable gonopods in which the telopodites are bifid with equally-sized branches.
A new species of the seepage midge genus Trichothaumalea Edwards from Japan (Diptera: Thaumaleidae)
Authors: Saigusa Toyohei , Sinclair Bradley J.
Published: July 2010

The adult and pupa of Trichothaumalea japonica sp. n. are described from Japan. This widespread relict genus also includes three species from western [T. pluvialis (Dyar & Shannon), T. pilosa (Garrett)] and eastern (T. elakalensis Sinclair) North America. T. japonica + T. elakalensis are most closely related and together are the sister-group to the western Nearctic species group. Examples of Diptera with similar biogeographic patterns are listed. In addition, male genitalic homologies in this genus are re-examined.
A phylogenetic analysis of the Eucraniini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)
Authors: Ocampo Federico C. , Scholtz Clarke H. , Philips T. Keith
Published: July 2010

A phylogenetic analysis of the New World Eucraniini was conducted using cladistics. The tribe is monophyletic based on an analysis of 64 morphological characters. The flying Ennearabdus is the sister taxon to the three flightless genera, Anomiopsoides, Eucranium, and Glyphoderus, and Anomiopsoides and Glyphoderus share a common ancestor. The relationship of the eucraniines to other tribes of Scarabaeinae, dung preference, a comparison to the flightless southwest African genus Pachysoma, and the biogeography of the tribe are also discussed.
Review of the Chinese species of Ducetiini (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae)
Authors: Gorochov Andrej V. ,   Kang Le
Published: July 2010

The Chinese representatives of the tribe Ducetiini are partly revised. The paper includes descriptions of new taxa (Ducetia borealis sp. n., Kuwayamaea inflata sp. n., K. anhuii sp. n., K. fujiani sp. n., K. hunani sp. n., K. brachyptera sp. n., Prohimerta guizhouensis sp. n., P. fujianensis sp. n., P. hubeiensis sp. n., P. sichuanensis sp. n., Shirakisotima furca sp. n., Paraducetia paracruciata gen. & sp. n.) and of the previously unknown female of Sh. brevifissa Wang & Liu, identification keys to genera and species of Chinese Ducetiini for males, notes about systematic position and distribution of the taxa examined [the former genus Anisotima Bey-Bienko is a subgenus of the genus Prohimerta Hebard; Sh. acuminata Wang & Liu is possibly a junior synonym of Sh. multipunctata (Kang & Yang); some published data on distribution of K. sapporensis Matsumura & Shiraki, Prohimerta yunnana (Bey-Bienko), and Paraducetia cruciata (Brunner von Wattenwyl) are probably erroneous].
Phylogenetic relationships of the lower Cyclorrhapha (Diptera: Brachycera) based on 28S rDNA sequences
Authors: Wiegmann Brian M. , Collins Kenneth P.
Published: July 2010

Cyclorrhaphan Diptera are an extremely successful clade of ecologically and phylogenenetically important flies. Despite their significance the relationships among lower cyclorrhaphans ('Aschiza') remain controversial in spite of several morphologically based phylogenetic analyses. We sequenced a 2.7-kb fragment of 28S rDNA for taxa representing all lower cyclorrhaphan families (except Ironomyiidae), four schizophoran families, and seven empidoid out-group taxa. Phylogenetic analysis of these data strongly supports a monophyletic Cyclorrhapha (including the enigmatic taxon Opetia nigra) that is divided into two clades - a well-supported Eumuscomorpha (Syrphidae + Pipunculidae + Schizophora), and a weakly-supported Platypezoidea (all non-Eumuscomorpha). Consequently, the former grouping known as Aschiza, which included syrphids and pipunculids, is not a valid monophyletic clade. Within Platypezoidea, most of our analyses place Lonchopteridae as sister group to Opetiidae, and strongly support the monophyly of Sciadoceridae + Phoridae. Among the Eumuscomorpha we do not recover the monophyly of Syrphoidea (Syrphidae + Pipunculidae). Instead, all analyses place Pipunculidae as the sister group to Schizophora. This novel finding has never been proposed based on morphological data and will require more data (both molecular and morphological) and taxa to confirm.
New species and status changes of small flightless relictual Trox Fabricius from southern Africa (Coleoptera: Trogidae)
Authors: Strümpher Werner , Scholtz Clarke
Published: July 2010

A new species of Trox, T. mozalae, from coastal sand forest in Mozambique, is described. T. natalensis quadricostatus Scholtz is elevated to species-level and T. natalensis schaborti Scholtz and T. elizabethae van der Merwe & Scholtz are synonymised with it. A key to the subgenus Phoberus MacLeay, to which most of the flightless species in Africa belong, is provided. All species incorporated into the key are illustrated by photographs of habitus and aedeagi. A map is provided of the distribution of each of them.
Revision of the Oriental subgenus Velia (Haldwania) Tamanini, 1955 (Heteroptera: Veliidae), with descriptions of four new species
Authors: Tran Anh Duc , Maria Buzzetti Filippo , Zettel Herbert
Published: July 2010

The Oriental subgenus Haldwania of the genus Velia is revised. It includes five previously described species, Velia (H.) championi Tamanini 1955 from northwestern India; V. (H.) steelei Tamanini, 1955 from northeastern India; V. (H.) sinensis Andersen, 1981 from Sichuan, China; V. (H.) tomokunii Polhemus & Polhemus, 1998 from Nepal; V. (H.) tonkina Polhemus & Polhemus, 2003 from northern Vietnam; and four species new to science: V. (H.) anderseni sp.n. from Bengal, India; V. (H.) longiconnexiva sp.n. from Guizhou, China; V. (H.) yunnana sp.n. from Yunnan, China; V. (H.) laticaudata sp.n. from northern Vietnam. Detailed diagnoses of known species and illustrations of all species are given. Diagnostic characteristics for species identification are discussed. A key to species of Haldwania and a map illustrating their distribution are given.
Phylogenetic relationships of Leuronectes Sharp (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Agabinae) based on larval morphology and chaetotaxy
Authors: Archangelsky Miguel , Michat Mariano
Published: July 2010

The phylogenetic relationships of the diving beetle (Dytiscidae) genus Leuronectes Sharp are revised based on a cladistic analysis of seven Agabinae genera and 54 morphological and chaetotaxic characters from larvae. For this purpose, larvae of L. curtulus Régimbart are described and illustrated in detail for the first time, with particular emphasis on morphometry and chaetotaxy. The results show that Leuronectes is well placed within Agabinae based on the absence of natatory setae on tibia and tarsus in instars II and III, the urogomphus composed of two urogomphomeres, and the absence of secondary setae on urogomphus. Leuronectes is resolved as part of a basal polytomy along with Platynectes Régimbart and a clade formed by the remaining agabine genera. Leuronectes shares with Platynectes the setae UR2, UR3 and UR4 not inserted contiguously, with Platambus Thomson the anterolateral lobes of frontoclypeus not projected beyond anterior margin, with Hydrotrupes Sharp the seta AB9 inserted dorsolaterally, and with Ilybius Erichson the seta LA10 inserted submedially. Leuronectes is unique within Agabinae in having the apical lateroventral process of the third antennomere not protruding and additional ventroapical pores on third antennomere, and is unique within the dytiscid genera studied in having the seta LA12 inserted submedially and one additional spine-like seta inserted on the lateral margin of abdominal segment VIII.
Frena and druckknopf: a synopsis of two fore wing-to-body coupling mechanisms in Heteropterodea (Hemiptera)
Authors: Cassis Gerry , Weirauch Christiane
Published: July 2010

Two wing-to-body fastening structures are documented using scanning electron microscopy for 20 exemplar species across the Heteropterodea and 3 species of Auchenorrhyncha. Frenae, holding devices interlocking the costal margin of the fore wing with the margin of the mesoscutellum, occur in representatives of all infraorders of Heteroptera with the exception of Gerromorpha. Frenae were also found in Cicadomorpha and Fulgoromorpha (Auchenorrhyncha), but they are absent in Coleorrhyncha. A knobshaped "druckknopf", covered with tile-like microtrichia on the mesepimeron and interlocking the hind margin of the fore wing with the mesothorax, occurs in Cimicomorpha, Leptopodomorpha and Coreidae (Pentatomomorpha) among Panheteroptera. A ridge or elevation beset with tile-like microtrichia is present in Dipsocoridae and Schizopteridae among Dipsocoromorpha, Nepomorpha and the remaining Pentatomomorpha examined among Panheteroptera, but also in a species of Cicadomorpha and Fulgoromorpha. Scenarios for the evolution of frenae and druckknopf, mapped on a recent hypothesis of higher-level relationships of Heteroptera, are discussed.
Phylogenetic analysis of the American genus Euphoria and related groups based on morphological characters of adults (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Cetoniini)
Authors: Philips T. Keith , Orozco Jesús
Published: July 2010

The phylogenetic relationships within the American genus Euphoria Burmeister (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Cetoniini) were examined. Fifty-seven adult morphological characters for 40 taxa, including 28 species of Euphoria, representatives of all current and previously recognized genera of Cetoniini from the American continents, and 10 representative genera of Cetoniinae (including five Cetoniini) from the rest of the world were studied. The Cetoniini appear monophyletic and supported by two unique synapomorphies in this study: the flange of the elytra-thorax articulation with a medial process and the posterior legs with a carina or row of setae in the internal angle of the femur. The genus Euphoria is paraphyletic as E. geminata (Chevrolat), appears outside the Cetoniini, a placement possibly due to the effects of convergence. Excluding E. geminata, Euphoria appears as two large monophyletic clades with these as sister to a monophyletic Chlorixanthe Bates. The recognition of Chlorixanthe and Euphoria as the Euphoriina is supported, excluding E. geminata. The recent synonymies of the genera Stephanucha Burmeister and Euphoriopsis Casey with Euphoria are strongly supported by the analysis.
Phylogeny of bethylid wasps (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) inferred from 28S and 16S rRNA genes
Authors: Carr Martin , Mayhew Peter , Young J. Peter
Published: July 2010

We conduct the first molecular studies of the higher level phylogeny of bethylid wasps (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae). Sequences of the 500-bp D2/D3 expansion regions of the nuclear 28S rRNA gene are obtained for 33 bethylid species in 18 genera covering all four commonly recognized subfamilies, and an additional 13 outgroup species. A 450-bp sequence of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene is obtained for a smaller subset of those species. Strong support is found for the monophyly of Bethylidae, and for Bethylinae as the sister to the other bethylid subfamilies. Pristocerinae are supported as monophyletic. A species of Mesitiinae clusters with the Sclerodermini (sensu lato), these two strongly supported as a monophyletic clade. The Epyrini are supported as monophyletic, but our data do not demonstrate whether Pristocerinae or the Mesitiinae+Sclerodermini clade are their closest relatives. Kishino–Hasegawa tests reject the monophyly of the Epyrinae. Our results are consistent with Kieffer's original five major subtaxa of Bethylidae.
Acrolophyses, a new seed bug genus and two new species (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Rhyparochromidae: Myodochini) from forest-canopy fogging in Ecuador and Peru
Authors: Henry Thomas , Dellapé Pablo
Published: July 2010

The new myodochine (Rhyparochromidae) genus Acrolophyses is described to accommodate the two new species A. arboricolous from Ecuador and Peru, designated as the type species, and A. hadros from Ecuador. The new species are diagnosed and described, and adult photographs, scanning electron photomicrographs of selected structures and illustrations of male genitalia are provided to aid in identification. The relationship of Acrolophyes with the genera Distingphyses and Pephysena is discussed.
Tribelocodia ashei, new genus and new species of Reduviidae (Insecta: Hemiptera), has implications on character evolution in Ectrichodiinae and Tribelocephalinae
Authors: Weirauch Christiane
Published: July 2010

A new genus and species of Reduviidae, Tribelocodia ashei gen.n., sp.n, are described from French Guyana. The relationships of Tribelocodia are analyzed within the context of a morphology-based cladistic analysis of Reduviidae. The new genus is placed within the clade Ectrichodiinae+Tribelocephalinae and shows a bizarre combination of characters thought synapomorphic for either Ectrichodiinae or Tribelocephalinae. The analyses support Tribelocodia as the sister taxon to the enigmatic African Xenocaucini within Tribelocephalinae. Tribelocodia ashei, therefore, represents the first Neotropical species of this otherwise Paleotropical group. Implications for character evolution of Ectrichodiinae and Tribelocephalinae are discussed and the diagnosis of Tribelocephalinae is revised. Scanning electron and digital micrographs are provided for Tribelocodia ashei. The holotype of Xenocaucus mancinii China and Usinger, 1949 (Xenocaucini) and a specimen of Ectrichodiella minima (Valdes, 1910), which may represent the sister taxon to the remaining Ectrichodiinae, are illustrated using digital photography.
Rhagovelia of Madagascar and adjacent Indian Ocean Islands (Hemiptera: Veliidae): Revision of the diabolica species group
Authors: Andersen Nils Møller , Polhemus Dan
Published: July 2010

Riffle bugs in the genus Rhagovelia have diversified extensively on the island of Madagascar. The current paper defines and segregates a distinct set of species within this endemic assemblage as the diabolica group, containing the previously described species R. diabolica Poisson, R. beangonyi Poisson, and R. milloti Poisson, as well as the following new species described herein: R. compacta and R. suarezensis from northern Madagascar; R. manankazo and R. angulata from central Madagascar; and R. madecassa, R. scupturata and R. origami from eastern Madagascar. Figures of key morphological characters, including male parameres are provided for all species, accompanied by distribution maps.
Biology and Immature Stages of Tetanura pallidiventris, a Parasitoid of Terrestrial Snails (Dipt. Sciomyzidae)
Authors: Knutson L.V.
Published: July 2010

Tetanura pallidiventris (Fallén) (Dipt. Scionyzidae) lives in terrestrial habitats in northern and central Europe, where the larvae feed on snails of the genera Cochlicopa, Discus, and Retinella. Field and laboratory data on the ecology and behaviour of the species are presented. The egg, third-instar cephalopharyngeal skeleton, and puparium are described and figured. The species is distinguished from T. fallenii Hendel, and the systematic position of the genus Tetanura Fallén is discussed.
The Behaviour of Euphaedra spp. in Relation to Temperature, Relative Humidity and Light (Lep. Rhopalocera)
Authors: Birket-Smith J.
Published: July 2010

Different types of behaviour of the genus Euphaedra Hbn. has been noticed in its natural habitat, viz. the lowermost strata of the rain forest, and outside this habitat. Observations, which might serve to explain these differences in behaviour, are made on several species of the genus under varying conditions of temperature, relative humidity and sun and shade in an experimental cage.
Contributions to the Knowledge or Swedish Psyllids (Hem. Psylloidea) I-4
Authors: Ossiannilsson Frej
Published: July 2010

In the first contribution a new Psylla species is described, viz. P. betulaenanae, n.sp. On the basis of larval characters this species is stated to be closely related to Psylla betulae (L.), P. alni (L.), P. fusca (Zett.) and the American P. carpinicola (Crawford), these species together constituting Psylla s.str. (type Psylla alni). In the second contribution the larval instars of Psylla foersteri Flor are described and this species is made the type of subgenus Labyrinthopsylla, n.subg. The third contribution deals with our remaining Psylla species which are arranged into three new subgenera, viz. Cacopsylla (type mali (Schmiedb.)), Chamaepsylla (type hartigi Flor), and Hepatopsylla (type nigrita (Zett.)). Also this subdivision is based on larval characters. The fourth contribution is a tentative key to the Swedish Psylla species in the 5th larval instar. No tenable characters for the separation of nigrita (Zett.), elegantula (Zett.), and klapaleki Sulc were discovered, however.
House-dust Mites (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Trt.), D. f arinae Hughes, Euroglyphus maynei (Cooreman) Fain) in Denmark (Acarina)
Authors: Haarløv N. , Alani M.
Published: July 2010

From houses and flats in Copenhagen inhabited by people allergic or non-allergic to house-dust, 69 samples of dust from mattresses have been collected and investigated for their content of mites and other arthropods. Three species of house-dust mites (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Trt.), D. farinae Hughes, Euroglyphus maynei (Cooreman) Fain) were thus for the first time registered from Denmark besides some other mites and insects. The house-dust mites showed no preference for any of the rooms of the allergic patients nor for those of the controls (Table I). Outside the mattresses house-dust mites were found numerously below cross-bars, on wooden fillets and on floor panels beside the bed. In dust containing no skin scales living mites were not found; with air currents empty skins of mites had been transported around the room (Table 2). The house-dust mites are regarded ecologically to be the best adapted group of indoor mites to stand the low humidities (30-40 % R. H.) of centrally heated houses. Hypothetically it is proposed that the allergens of the house-dust mites are connected with the secretion of the lateral oil glands of hysterosoma.
Biology of Snail-Killing Flies in Sweden (Dipt., Sciomyzidae)1
Authors: Knutson L.V.
Published: July 2010

The major biological features of 53 of the 70 Swedish species of Sciomyzidae (Diptera: Acalyptratae) are summarized. The larvae are found in many kinds of aquatic and terrestrial habitats, and those of most species are air-breathing, overt, polyphagous predators of aquatic and hygrophilous, non-operculate snails. Larvae of a few species are predators or oligophagous, solitary and internal parasitoids of terrestrial snails, Tetanocera elata attacks slugs, and Antichaeta spp. feed in egg-masses of Lymnaeidae and Succineidae. Knutsonia lineata and certain Renocera spp. are the only insects known to feed obligatorily in bivalve Sphaeriidae.
Revision of Haematopota Meig. in North Europe (Dipt. Tabanidae)
Authors: Lyneborg Leif , Chvala Milan , Lindroth Carl H.
Published: July 2010

The species of the genus Haematopota Meig. occurring in Denmark, Sweden, Norway and Finland are revised on the basis of all accessible material including types from various museums and private collections. Keys to, and short diagnosis, figures and notes on synonymy and distribution of, the six species involved are given. Four lectotypes are designated and three new synonymies are established. The difficult hispanica-group is discussed in an appendix.
An Aphid Sex Attractant
Authors: Pettersson Jan
Published: July 2010

The experiments described have given the following conclusions: (I) A chemical signal (pheromone) emitted by the oviparous female has an attractive effect upon the males. This signal is not emitted by the virginogeniae. (2) The signal is emitted by organs situated on the hind tibiae of the oviparous female and perceived by organs on the male antennae. (3) The substance is only emitted by the females during a certain period in their lifetime. Apparently, this is principally the condition which has been called active copulatory period (ACP). No emittance was found neither during the passive precopulatory period (PPP) nor during the passive postcopulatory period (PCP). (4) Males are capable of detecting and reacting to the signal already in the last two larval instars. (5) The males do not emit any substance affecting other males. Statistical analysis (Student's t-test) of the material has been excluded as it gave significance only in experiments where differences between the stimuli are apparent.
The European Species of Limnellia (Dipt., Ephydridae)
Authors: Andersson Hugo
Published: July 2010

Four European species of Limnellia Malloch are recognized, one of which, L. surturi, is described as new on material from Iceland. Wings, male abdomina, and male genitalia of the four species are figured. For L. quadrata (Fall.) and L. stenhammari (Zett.) lectotypes are designated. L. surturi n.sp. is recorded as new to the British Isles and L. fallax Czerny as new to Sweden. A simplified key to the species is given.
A Fossil Specimen of the North American Hickory Aphid (Longistigma caryae Harris), Found in Tertiary Deposits in Iceland
Authors: Friedrich Walter L. , Heie Ole E.
Published: July 2010

A fossil specimen of Longistigma caryae (Harris) has been found in tuff from Iceland, locality: Hrútagíl i Mókollsdal in northwestern Iceland, age: Upper Miocene or Lower Pliocene. In the present time the species lives exclusively in the region of the Eastern Deciduous Forests of North America on several genera of deciduous trees, a.o. Carya and Fagus. The find certifies paleobotanical evidence indicating that Iceland once belonged in the region of deciduous forests with a flora more like the modern eastern North American flora than any other modern flora region. The recent aphid fauna of Iceland contains only palaearctic, holarctic, cosmopolitic, and endemic species and species common with Greenland and arctic Canada.
Scandinavian Bucculatrix Z. (Lep. Bucculatricidae)
Authors: Svensson Ingvar
Published: July 2010

In Scandinavia there are at present I7 known posed to be conspecific with ratisbonensis Stt., a species of the genus Bucculatrix. A short descrip- species often confused with artemisiae HS. Instead tion of each species and figures of wings and male of boyerella Dup. the older name albedinella Z. and female genitalia are given. They are arranged should be used, and merei P.-C. is stated to be a according to these characters and also according to synonym of capreella H. Krog. food-plants. The American leptalea Braun is sup-
Experiments on Growth of Aricia Larvae (Lep. Rhopalocera)
Authors: HØEGH-GULDBERG Ove
Published: July 2010

Aricia artaxerxes (allous G.-Hb.) ssp. vandalica Kaaber and Høegh-Guldberg flies for such a long period, almost 3 months, that it might be regarded as two generations, just as is the case with the sibling species, A. agestis Schiff. Experiments with simultaneous rearing of the two species, under identical conditions, exhibited a great difference (I) in the rate of growth of the larvae and (2) in the dispersion in time of the larval stage. On examination of previous experiments these findings were confirmed and must be considered as permanent specific differences. The consequence is that eggs of artaxerxes from a single experimental day of oviposition may result in imaginal emergence spread over a long period (3-4 weeks); in nature the dispersion will be so much greater that the long flying time can be explained without assumption of the presence of two broods. The larvae of agestis grow more equally and rapidly, enabling this species to produce 2 (or 3) generations.
Aphids from the Canary Islands
Authors: Tambs-Lyche Helene
Published: July 2010

A survey of the 46 aphid species known from the Canary Islands is given, including 13 species new to the islands. The geographical relations are discussed.
The Abdominal Morphology of Povilla adusta Navas (Polymitarcidae) and of Ephemeroptera in General
Authors: Birket-Smith J.
Published: July 2010

The morphology of the abdomen of the mayfly, Povilla adusta Navas (Polymitarcidae) has been studied from dissections of muscles and nerves in male and female imagines and in a female nymph and a number of apparently very primitive traits have been disclosed. The findings have been compared to similar structures in other mayflies and, as a result, a revised interpretation of the genital and postgenital segments of Ephemeroptera is proposed.
Two New Pauropoda Species from Northern Europe
Authors: Scheller Ulf
Published: July 2010

Two new species of Pauropodidae belonging to the genus Allopauropus are described. One of them, A. tenellus, was collected in surface soil layers in Sweden and southern Finland, the other, A. verticillatus, in deeper soil layers in southern Sweden only.
Die Benennung und die Chromosomenzahl der skandinavischen Boloria Moore (Lep., Nymphalidae)
Authors: Von Mentzer Erik
Published: July 2010

Wegen einer fast allgemeinen Verwendung im täglichen Gebrauch und teilweise auch noch in der modernen skandinavischen Literatur von fehlerhaften Namen für die zwei in Skandinavien vorkommenden Boloria-Arten und deren Subspezies wird zuerst eine Aufstellung über die Nomenklatur und Synonymie gegeben. Darauf folgt eine Untersuchung der Chromosomenzahl der beiden Arten von einem gemeinsamen schwedischen Fundort. Es wurde gefunden, wie es bei zentral- und südeuropäischen Populationen festgestellt wurde, dass n=3I für Boloria napaea (Hffmgg.) und n=30 für Boloria aquilonaris (Stich.).
C. G. Thomson's Collections of Coleoptera, with a Complete List of Coleoptera Species Described by Him
Authors: Charpentier Reinhold
Published: July 2010

In I967 C. G. Thomson's main collection of Coleoptera was brought back to Sweden from Berlin. It contains about I5,000 specimens of about 3000 species, and it is now preserved at the Zoological Institute of the Lund University, together with Thomson's duplicate collection. Thomson was the author of 329 new names of Coleoptera. 32I of these were described from Sweden or Norway, and for the selection of lectotypes, the original material of 300 of his Scandinavian species is now available in Lund, either in the former Berlin collection or in the duplicate collection. Fourteen original species descriptions were found to have been published earlier or later than generally quoted.
Weight and Life Length of Hibernating Bumble Bee Queens (Hymenoptera: Bombidae) under Controlled Conditions
Authors: Holm Svend Nørgaard
Published: July 2010

A large number of bumble bee queens of B. terrestris L. and B. lapidarius L. were hibernated in a refrigerator at 4-5° C. Each queen was placed in a plastic container with Perlite as bedding. Of a total of I079 queens, 75I (7I %) were alive after 8-9 months of hibernation. The queens lost in body weight during hibernation. The weight losses occurred during the first half of the hibernation period after which time the body weight increased. Significant, positive correlations were found between the body weight of the queens and the length of the period of survival during and after hibernation respectively.
Phenology and Microhabitat Selection of Some Flea Beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on Wild and Cultivated Crucifers in Central New York
Authors: Tahvanainen Jorma O.
Published: July 2010

The flea beetle faunae associated with three cruciferous plants, Dentaria diphylla Michx., Barbarea vulgaris R.Br. and Brassica oleracea L. were investigated in the field near Ithaca, N.Y. The flea beetles were sampled regularly from these plants both in their natural habitats and in cultivated plots. The samples were taken either by visually counting the insects or with a D'Vac vacuum net. The behavior and microhabitat preferences of the beetles were determined by making quantitative observations and counting the individuals on vertical layers of the hosts and on host plants growing in different habitats. The flea beetle loads were calculated on the basis of dry weights of plants and flea beetles. Six flea beetle species were found on these three crucifers. On each plant species there was a dominant flea beetle species which constituted over 60 % of the total specimens collected. When the plants were grown in identical cultivated plots in an open field, the relative abundances of flea beetle species attacking them were greatly altered from the situation found in the natural habitats of the hosts. These results, together with the data on the seasonal abundances, behavior and microhabitat selection of the flea beetles, showed that the phenology and habitats of the plants greatly influence their utilization by different flea beetle species and partially determine the distinctiveness of the crucifer-beetle associations.
Infestation Rate of Gamasid Mites on Small Mammals in Northern Sweden
Authors: Edler Anders
Published: July 2010

Gamasid mites were collected from small mammals in the mountains of northernmost Sweden in autumn, winter/spring and summer. Laelaptidae and Liponyssidae were the most common families. Haemogamasidae comprised a rather small proportion of the material. Greatest infestation was recorded in early spring and in summer, when the number of mites per infested host was also highest. The mammal species were statistically different regarding the infestation and mean value of the mites. Microtus agrestis had most mites. Next came Clethrionomys rufocanus and last C. rutilus and Sorex araneus. Adult M. agrestis were more infested than the younger ones. Generally more males than females were infested. Laelaps clethrionomydis was most abundant on Clethrionomys but Laelaps hilaris and Hyperlaelaps arvalis on Microtus agrestis. Haemogamasus ni di f ormis did not show special preference for any host species. It is more common than Haemogamasus nidi in the present material. In Scandinavia, H. nidiformis becomes relatively more common with increasing latitude.
Two Necessary Alterations in Long-Established Genus Nomenclature in Ascalaphidae (Neuroptera)
Authors: Tjeder BO
Published: July 2010

The following changes of names in the family Ascalaphidae have proved necessary. Ascalaphus, in the present sense, is replaced by Libelloides Schäffer, and Helicomitus McLachlan by Ascalaphus Fabricius.
Precrepuscular Stridulation in Tettigonia viridissima (Orthoptera ensifera)
Authors: Nielsen Erik Tetens
Published: July 2010

Precrepuscular stridulation of Tettigonia viridissima occurs frequently in the field. In the laboratory it may be produced by a combination of high temperature in the light period and so low temperature during darkness that the activity is inhibited. This is explained by assuming that the sensitizing agent is accumulated and the fast sensitization at high temperature thus is able to reach the high threshold of release in light.
Zur Taxonomie der Gattungen Aethiessa, Oxythyrea, Tropinota und Musurgus (Col. Scarabaeidae)
Authors: Dahlgren Gunnar
Published: July 2010

The paper is a revision of the genera mentioned in the heading. A key to the Oxythyrea species is given. Aethiessa inhumata Gory et Perch, and Oxythyrea subcalva Muls. are synonymized with A. floralis F. and O. funesta Poda, respectively. A key to the males of Oxythyrea is given.
Studies on Trapping, Nesting, and Rearing of some Magachile Species (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae) and on their Parasites in Denmark
Authors: Nørgaard Holm SV , Skou J.P.
Published: July 2010

Populations of three indigenous species of leaf-cutting bees, Megachile centuncularis, M. leachella, and M. willughbiella, were compared to one of the alien bee, M. pacifica. In contrast to M. leachella and M. pacifica the two other species had so unfavourable a sex ratio that it proved prohibitive to propagation, while the rate of emergence showed the indigenous bees better adapted to our natural conditions than is M. pacifica. Parasitic wasps and bees were important enemies of the bees. Melittobia acasta occurred in all species reared in the greenhouse, Monodontomerus obscurus was present in the colony of Megachile willughbiella gathered in nature, and Pteromalus venustus seriously diminished the population of M. willughbiella when this bee was moved to a new nesting site. Coelioxys mandibularis is very common in naure, but was only observed once in connection with the studies presented. Several species of fungi were associated with the indigenous bees, while the alien M. pacifica was practically free of fungi. In M. centuncularis Ascosphaera proliperda and A. major caused chalkbrood-like diseases, though the latter seems merely a facultative parasite. A hitherto undescribed species of Microascus was associated to and probably pathogenic in M. willughbiella. The mucous ascopores of the fungi stick to the fur of the bees as they pass through one cell after the other when emerging. That is one way of transfer from one generation to the next.
Production of Larvae of Phyllobius piri L. (Col. Curculionidae) in an Abandoned Field
Authors: Larsson S. , Persson T. , Lohm U. , Axelsson B.
Published: July 2010

The abundance of the larvae of Phyllobius piri L. and P. viridicollis F. (Col. Curculionidae) was investigated in an abandoned field in central Sweden. On the basis of the individual growth curve and the life table of the larvae the production of P. piri was calculated to be 4.6 ± I.9 g dw per m2 or 25 ± II kcal per m2 (mean ± 95 per cent c.i.). The population of the hibernating pupae of P. piri was about 500 per m2 during three successive years. During the same period the abundance of hibernating larvae of P. viridicollis was I00-250 per m2. Notes are given on the life history of the two species. The larvae are described by B. Lekander in an appendix.
Changes in Dry-Weight and Water Content in the Hibernating Larva of Pseudohermenias clausthaliana (Sax.) in Denmark (Lep. Tortricidae)
Authors: Münster-Swendsen Mikael
Published: July 2010

Pseudohermenias clausthaliana overwinters in the 3rd or 4th larval instar in a hollowed needle of Norway Spruce, roughly from October ist till April Ist. Within the geographical distribution of the species the larva is exposed to temperatures as low as - 30° C during this period. After emptying of the gut in September, the length of the larva is 5.3 mm ± 0.2, but hereafter it starts diminishing until the length is just 3.2 mm ± 0.2. During the first part of hibernation total weight decreases from 0.89 mg ± 0.06 to 0.68 mg ± 0.08; this drop is due to a loss of 29.5 % of the original water content. Dry-weight increases by as much as about 27.7 %, probably due to binding of about 7 % of the original "free" water content. Dry-weight, expressed as a percentage of the total weight, is I9.6 % ± 2.8 in the autumn and 33.3 % ± 2.5 in the winter. It has been suggested that the increase in dry-weight is caused by hydrolysis of certain organic compounds. Larvae exposed to I00 % R.H. and I8° C for 8 days without food at the beginning of March did not regain the original water content, while active larvae, feeding in the field in April, had regained the original high water content. Larvae at 85 % R.H. and I8° C for 8 days in March lost a little water but survived well, and they probably achieved an equilibrium with the surrounding air. Thus the critical equilibrium humidity seems to be less than 85 % R.H.
Evidence for a Sex Attractant in Agriotes lineatus (L.) (Col. Elateridae) Demonstrated by Field Experiments
Authors: Borg Åke
Published: July 2010

Elaterids of the species Agriotes lineatus (L.), which were collected in heap-traps (at Stenum, Skara, West Sweden) during the period May 9-24, I972, were sorted according to sex. The abdomens of the males and females respectively were crushed in 95 % ethyl alcohol for the extraction of possible pheromones. The unfiltered fluid was tested in pitfall traps placed in a field of oats. During the period May II - July 3, I70 A. lineartus were obtained of which I62 were males. The majority of these were caught in the traps baited with female extract. The male extract caused no response. The female extract must therefore have contained a sex pheromone which attracted males of the same species.
Diurnal and Inter-Colony Variation in Pollen Collection from Different Seed Crops by Honeybees (Apis melifera L.)
Authors: Poulsen Morten Helt
Published: July 2010

A total of 2207 pollen collectors were trapped from five honeybee colonies at different times of day and grouped according to the pollen sources: red clover, white clover, field beans, crucifers, other species. Significant diurnal variation in amount of pollen collected from the different sources was found and the percentage of pollen collected from red clover, white clover and field beans respectively varied significantly between the five colonies.
A New Species of Erioptera from Sweden (Dipt. Tipulidae)
Authors: Tjeder BO
Published: July 2010

In a collection of Swedish insects of various orders, donated to the Zoological Institute, Lund, by Mr. Tord Tjeder, Rättvik, the author has found a new species of the tribe Eriopterini, which species is described below and compared with the closely similar Erioptera sordida Zetterstedt. Figures of the genital structures of the males of both these species are given.
Biology and Immature Stages of Coremacera marginata F. a Predator of Terrestrial Snails (Dipt. Sciomyzidae)
Authors: Knutson L.V.
Published: July 2010

Coremacera marginata (Fabricius) (Dipt. Sciomyzidae) is found in woods, fields, and other terrestrial situations in much of the western Palearctic region. During laboratory rearings through the complete life cycle, each larva killed and ate I-3 immature to adult snails belonging to several terrestrial genera. The immature stages of C. marginata are described and figured, and the distribution is mapped. The taxonomic position of Coremacera is discussed, and a catalog of the genus and new distributional records of 4 rare species of Coremacera are included. A summary chart of the food of sciomyzid larvae is presented.
Habitat Selection by Spiders on Coastal Sand Dunes in Scania, Sweden
Authors: Almquist Sven
Published: July 2010

This paper deals with the habitat selection of I5 species of spiders on coastal sand dunes studied by the analysis of their spatial distribution of individuals correlated to some intrinsic factors and to environmental conditions. The data are based on a total of 82I samples of I m2 each collected in the course of I7 months at Sandhammaren, SE SkÅne, Sweden. The complicated interplay between the climatic and vegetational conditions of the area and the thermal tolerances, preferences and escape reactions, as well as the resistance to desiccation of the spider species was indicated in the variation of the distribution of the population densities in the biotopes of the dunes. The temperature proved to be a critical environment factor, a main cause of the distribution of the spiders, obvious for e.g. Clubiona trivialis C. Koch, while the humidity seemed to be more important for the habitat selection of Oedothorax apicatus (Bl.).
The Genus Madachrysa Navás, I934, and Its Type Species (Neur. Chrysopidae)
Authors: Tjeder BO
Published: July 2010

Redescriptions of the little-known genus Madachrysa Navás, I934, and its type-species, M. seyrigi Navás, I934, are given, based on a pair from the type locality in southern Madagascar.
Designation of Types for the Species of Hadrodactylus Frst. (Hym. Ichneumonidae) Described by C. G. Thomson. With Redescriptions of H. bidentulus (Ths.) and H. villosulus (Ths.)
Authors: Idar Mattias
Published: July 2010

Eight lectotypes and one holotype are designated for the ten species of the genus Hadrodactylus Frst. described by C. G. Thomson. Two of the species are redescribed and re-established as valid.
Descriptions of Scelionidae from Tenerife (Hym. Proctotrupoidea)
Authors: Huggert Lars
Published: July 2010

is sunk as a synonym to Trissolcus Ashm. and an aberrant specimen of Pseudaphanomerus hyalinatus Szel. is discussed.
Parasite Spectrum (Hym. Aphidiidae) of Aphids Associated with Galium
Authors: Stary P.
Published: July 2010

Aphids and their parasites on various species of Galium in (Central) Europe are reviewed, analysed and discussed with respect to the ecosystem relations. Trioxys (Trioxys) galiobii sp. n. reared from Galiobium langei is described.
Seasonal change in sex ratio in Acraea quirina (F.) (Lep. Nymphalidae), and notes on the factors causing distortions of the sex ratio in butterflies
Authors: Owen D.F.
Published: July 2010

The butterfly, Acraea quirina, occurs as an adult in all months of the year in forests around Freetown in Sierra Leone. For ninc months (July— March) it is not common but in April—June, at the onset of the wet season, becomes exceedingly abundant. During this period there are two generations, the first containing mainly females, while in the second there is what is probably a normal sex ratio. In butterflies the sex ratio is usually 1 : 1 but a number of instances of an excess of females are now known. The possible mechanisms and significance of distorted sex ratios in butterflies are discussed, not only for A. quirina, but for other species, including Hypolimnas bolina.
Composition and Diversity of Benthic Species Collectives Colonizing Implanted Substrates in a South Swedish Stream
Authors: Nilsson Lars M. , Stergar Anton , Ulfstrand Staffan
Published: July 2010

Trays with stones were implanted in a south Swedish stream. They rapidly became covered by large quantities of dcbris and detritus. The composition and diversity of the colonizing species collectives were examined after 2, 4, 8, 15 and 32 days. The changing substrate conditions were accompanied by a successive exchange of species demonstrating their capability of active habitat selection. The species diversity first rose but apparently approached an asymptotic level at the end of the experiment. Species richness was the major factor affecting the diversity, while the evenness component played a minor role, at least in more comprehensive samples.
Aculeate Hymenopteren über Nord- und Ostsee nach Untersuchungen auf Feuerschiffen
Authors: Haeseler Volker
Published: July 2010

(1) From 1963 to 1967 153 Hymenoptera Aculeata (34 species) wcre captured on lightships of the North Sea and the Baltic, with a clear dominance of social species. (2) The combination of species corresponded neither with the species' inventory of coast biocenoses nor with the depressed profile in the frequency distribution of this group in terrestrial biocenoses of North West Germany in general. (3) In Hymenoptera Aculeata, calm weather or faint winds together with warm air seemed to favour overflights, whereas insolation was of little importance. (4) Whereas the seasonal appearance of the social species at sea corresponded to their population dynamics in terrestrial ecosystems, nearly all the solitary species were registered near termination of their nighttime in North West Germany. (5) Due to the specific behaviour of hibernating ♀♀in late summer, these are no doubt underrepresented in the coloured dish catches. (6) The ♀♀ and ♂♂ of the social and social-parasitic species exhibit migratory behaviour in midsummer or autumn. However, the ♀♀, as well as ♀♀ and ♂♂ of the solitary species, are classified as "vagrants". (7) Even solitary Hymenoptera Aculeata can travel long distances; surprising, since the Aculeata — with exception of social and social-parasitic species — are often denied any considerable spread of distribution intensity.