bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Mental Fatigue and Gender on Working Memory Performance during Repeated Practice by Young and Older Adults
Authors: Pergher Valentina , Vanbilsen Nele , Van Hulle Marc
Published: October 2021

Working memory (WM) is one of the most investigated cognitive functions albeit the extent to which individual characteristics impact on performance is still unclear, especially when older adults are involved. The present study considers repeated practice of a visualN-Back task with three difficulty levels (1-, 2-, and 3-Back) in healthy young and older individuals. Our results reveal that, for both age groups, the expected mental fatigue was countered by a learning effect, in terms of accuracies and reaction times, which turned out to benefit females more than males, for all threeN-Back levels. We conclude that future WM studies, in particular when relying on repeatedN-Back sessions, should account for learning effects in relation to mental fatigue and gender, in both young and older adults.
An Exact Solution Approach for the Bus Line Planning Problem with Integrated Passenger Routing
Authors: Vermeir Evert , Engelen Wouter , Philips Johan , Vansteenwegen Pieter
Published: October 2021

The bus line planning problem or transit network design problem with integrated passenger routing is a challenging combinatorial problem. Although well-known benchmark instances for this problem have been available for decades, the state of the art lacks optimal solutions for these instances. The branch and bound algorithm, presented in this paper, introduces three novel concepts to determine these optimal solutions: (1) a new line pool generation method based on dominance, (2) the introduction of essential links, i.e., links which can be determined beforehand and must be present in the optimal solution, and (3) a new network representation based on adding only extra edges. Next to presenting the newly obtained optimal solutions, each of the abovementioned concepts is examined in isolation in the experiments, and it is shown that they contribute significantly to the success of the algorithm.
Interactions between Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Autophagy: Implications for Apoptosis and Neuroplasticity-Related Proteins in Palmitic Acid-Treated Prefrontal Cells
Authors: Xue Xiangli , Li Feng , Cai Ming , Hu Jingyun , Wang Qian , Lou Shujie
Published: October 2021

Lipotoxicity of palmitic acid (PA) or high-fat diets has been reported to increase endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy in peripheral tissue as well as apoptotic cell death. It also can lead to an AD-like pathological pattern. However, it has been unknown that PA-induced ER stress and autophagy are involved in the regulation of neuroplastic abnormalities. Here, we investigated the roles of ER stress and autophagy in apoptosis and neuroplasticity-related protein expression in PA-treated prefrontal cells. Prefrontal cells dissected from newborn Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with PA compound with ER stress inhibitor 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) and autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) or PA alone. PA promoted ER stress and autophagy and also cause apoptosis as well as a decline in the expression of neuroplasticity-related proteins. Inhibition of ER stress decreased the expressions of neuroplasticity-related proteins and reduced autophagy activation and apoptosis in PA-treated prefrontal cells. Inhibition of autophagy exacerbated apoptosis and enhanced ER stress in PA-treated prefrontal cells. The present study illustrated that both ER stress and autophagy could be involved in apoptosis and decreased neuroplasticity-related proteins, and the interaction between ER stress and autophagy may play a critical role in apoptosis in PA-treated prefrontal cells. Our results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms in vitro of lipotoxicity in obesity-related cognitive dysfunction.
Hypovolemic Status in Older Hip Fracture Patients Elucidated by Preoperative Transthoracic Echocardiography
Authors: Watanabe Yasuhiro , Kaneda Toru
Published: October 2021

Older patients undergoing hip fracture surgery often experience intraoperative hemodynamic instability despite maintaining cardiac function. Although preoperative hemodynamics in such patients have been demonstrated mainly through invasive monitoring, few studies have addressed hemodynamics based on noninvasively measured parameters. We aimed to investigate preoperative hemodynamic states in older hip fracture patients using transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). The TTE data of patients aged >75 years who underwent hip fracture surgery or elective total hip arthroplasty (THA) between April 1, 2019, and March 31, 2021, were collected. In addition to the baseline characteristics, the TTE data from hip fracture patients were compared with the data of those who underwent THA. The hip fracture patients (n = 167) were significantly older and had lower stroke volume (45.6 vs. 50.9 ml;

p
<
0.01

) and stroke index (33.7 vs. 36.6 ml/m2;

p
<
0.01

) compared to those who underwent elective THA (n = 44). However, the cardiac output (3.51 vs. 3.48 L/min;

p
=
0.273

) and cardiac index (2.6 vs. 2.47 L/min/m2;

p
=
0.855

) for both groups were almost identical due to the increase in heart rate in the hip fracture group. Regarding other parameters including ejection fraction, fractional shortening, E/E′, and inferior vena cava diameter, there were no significant differences between the two groups. Our noninvasive TTE investigations suggested that hip fracture patients were volume-depleted, and the hypovolemic status activated the sympathetic nervous system, compensating for their cardiac output. Anesthesiologists must focus on the TTE-assessed parameters reflecting the volume status along with the cardiac function.
Finite Element Analysis of the Effect of Dental Implants on Jaw Bone under Mechanical and Thermal Loading Conditions
Authors: Darvish Dorsa , Khorramymehr Siamak , Nikkhoo Mohammad
Published: October 2021

Dental implants have been studied over the years to replace missing teeth. One of the conditions for the success of implants is their stability and resistance under the applied forces and minimal tension in the surrounding bone. The purpose of this dissertation is numerical and three-dimensional analysis of jaws with implants under mechanical and thermal loading by the finite element method. For this purpose, implant simulations (including ceramic crown, titanium root, and jaw bone) under dynamic and thermal load have been performed in Abacus software. In this simulation, it is considered that the jawbone is composed of two areas, one area is the superficial bone tissue (cortical) and the other part is the spongy tissue. Implants are usually made of different metals or ceramics with a bone-like structure that are compatible with body tissues. Implants are currently made of titanium metal. Therefore, titanium metal has been used for modeling implants in this dissertation. The implant crown is also considered as a ceramic material. In the simulation, the effect of stresses imposed by the implant on the jawbone is performed. In this simulation, mechanical force is applied to the upper part of the implant and force enters the jawbone through the implant, which causes tension at the junction of the implant to the jawbone. To investigate the effect of thermal loads, different temperature conditions are considered by considering the decrease in temperature and increase in temperature on the tooth surface and its effect on the implant and the jaw bone. After validation and ensuring the accuracy of the modeling, it has been observed that, with increasing mechanical load, the stresses created in all parts of the ceramic coating, titanium implants, and jawbone have increased. It is also observed that the stress created in the titanium implant due to the application of negative heat flux was about twice as much as the stress created due to the application of positive heat flux.
circAMOTL1L Suppresses Renal Cell Carcinoma Growth by Modulating the miR‐92a‐2‐5p/KLLN Pathway
Authors: Gao Ling , Shao Xian , Yue Qingqing , Wu Weifei , Yang Xuejuan , He Xiaolei , Li Limin , Hou Fujun , Zhang Ruonan
Published: October 2021

Accumulating evidence indicates that the dysregulation of circular RNAs (circRNAs) contributes to tumor progression; however, the regulatory functions of circRNAs in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remain largely unknown. In this study, the function and underlying mechanism of circAMOTL1L in RCC progression were explored. qRT‐PCR showed the downregulation of circAMOTL1L in RCC tissues and cell lines. The decrease in circAMOTL1L expression correlated with the tumor stage, metastasis, and poor prognosis in patients with RCC. Functional experiments revealed that circAMOTL1L inhibited cell proliferation and increased apoptosis in RCC cells. Subcutaneous implantation with circAMOTL1L‐overexpressing cells in nude mice decreased the growth ability of the xenograft tumors. Mechanistically, circAMOTL1L served as a sponge for miR‐92a‐2‐5p in upregulating KLLN (killin, p53‐regulated DNA replication inhibitor) expression validated by bioinformatics analysis, oligo pull‐down, and luciferase assays. Further, reinforcing the circAMOTL1L–miR‐92a‐2‐5p–KLLN axis greatly reduced the growth of RCC in vivo. Conclusively, our findings demonstrate that circAMOTL1L has an antioncogenic role in RCC growth by modulating the miR‐92a‐2‐5p–KLLN pathway. Thus, targeting the novel circAMOTL1L–miR‐92a‐2‐5p–KLLN regulatory axis might provide a therapeutic strategy for RCC.
Pregabalin Attenuates Carboplatin-Induced Akathisia-Like Neuropathy: A Novel Case Report
Authors: Saito Yoshitaka , Takekuma Yoh , Furuta Megumi , Sugawara Mitsuru
Published: October 2021

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is one of the most serious adverse effects of chemotherapy. We experienced carboplatin (CBDCA)-induced akathisia-like CIPN, which was significantly attenuated by pregabalin administration, and report its treatment. A man in his 40s was administered CBDCA + pemetrexed (PEM) as the third-line treatment for recurrent malignant pleural mesothelioma. He rarely experienced mild akathisia-like symptoms on his feet before the diagnosis. The patient claimed that he exhibited mild degradation of the symptoms in the previous cisplatin (CDDP) + PEM treatment without the need for pharmacotherapy. Symptoms notably worsened approximately 7 days after the first cycle of CBDCA + PEM and did not disappear. Furthermore, symptoms worsened during the daytime and became milder at night. Lorazepam (0.5 mg) was administered 3 times a day from day 14 but was not effective. Finally, we evaluated the symptoms to be derived from CBDCA-induced neuropathy as he experienced the same symptoms in CDDP + PEM and did not have suspicious pathology or medicines for akathisia development. We decided to administer 75 mg pregabalin twice daily, resulting in significant symptom improvement. He also complained that he felt the symptoms 10 h after the previous pregabalin dose, suggesting that pregabalin was effective, and its effect weakened or disappeared as time progressed. Akathisia-like symptoms caused by CBDCA-induced CIPN are rare, but they significantly reduce the quality of life. Pregabalin was significantly effective in this case; therefore, we suggest that a detailed symptom interview and selection of the medicine, based upon the action mechanism, are necessary.
Gene Polymorphisms of Interleukin-27 Correlate with the Susceptibility, Severity, and Clinical Outcomes of Elderly People with Guillain-Barré Syndrome
Authors: Zhang Huifang , Zhao Hongying , Yang Guotao , Li Ying , Liu Yunfeng
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a common autoimmune disease in the peripheral nervous system. This study aimed to elucidate the role of IL-27 gene polymorphisms in elderly people with GBS. Methods: A total of 395 healthy subjects and 422 GBS patients with an average age of 63 years old were included in this study. Peripheral blood samples were collected. The 2 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of IL-27, namely, rs153109 and rs785575, of GBS patients were analyzed using the PCR method and compared with those of the healthy controls. The correlations of IL-27 SNPs with disease severity, disease outcome, level of anti-GM1 antibodies, and Campylobacter jejuni infection were assessed. Serum levels of IL-27 of healthy subjects and GBS patients were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: No significant differences in the frequencies of rs785575 SNPs between GBS and healthy subjects were observed. In analyzing rs153109 SNPs, the G allele was found to be more prevalent in the GBS patients (p = 0.012). More alleles show GG genotype in GBS patients (p = 0.023). The −964A>G allele has a higher prevalence in severely affected and anti-GM1-Ab-positive GBS patients. GBS patients with the rs153109 SNP showed a poor clinical outcome than those without rs153109 SNP (p = 0.012). GBS patients showed higher serum IL-27 levels than healthy subjects (p < 0.001). The levels of IL-27 were also higher in GBS patients with genotypes of AG and GG, and those with GG genotypes showed the highest IL-27 levels. Conclusion: The rs153109 SNP is more prevalent in GBS patients with the GG and G allele and is associated with severer GBS, poorer clinical outcomes, and higher IL-27 levels.
Which Is the Best Biologic for Nasal Polyps: Dupilumab, Omalizumab, or Mepolizumab? A Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wu Qingwu , Zhang Yana , Kong Weifeng , Wang Xinyue , Yuan Lianxiong , Zheng Rui , Qiu Huijun , Huang Xuekun , Yang Qintai
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Compared with the placebo, biologics are beneficial in reducing nasal polyp mass and safe in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). However, there lacks a head-to-head randomized trial comparing biologics. We aimed to determine the best biologic for CRSwNP. Methods: We performed a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA), which was registered with PROSPERO (No. CRD42021226766). A comprehensive search was performed in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library on December 29, 2020. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing biologics in adult patients for CRSwNP were included. Results: Nine RCTs with 1,190 patients comparing 3 different biologics (dupilumab, omalizumab, and mepolizumab) and the placebo were included. Dupilumab had the best efficacy in terms of nasal polyp score (NPS), Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT-22) score, University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) score, and nasal congestion score (NCS) for surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) values of 0.900, 0.916, 1.000, and 0.807, respectively. Omalizumab ranked second in efficacy in terms of SNOT-22, UPSIT, and NCS for SUCRA values of 0.606, 0.500, and 0.693, respectively. Mepolizumab ranked second in efficacy in terms of NPS for SUCRA values of 0.563 and had the highest risk of adverse events (AEs) for SUCRA values of 0.746. Conclusion: This is the first NMA that compared different biologics in patients with CRSwNP. Based on the efficacy (NPS) and safety (AEs), dupilumab is the best choice and omalizumab is the second best option for CRSwNP. Although mepolizumab ranked second in efficacy, it had the highest risk of AEs.
Mitohermenêutica de filmes hollywoodianos de acordo com o imaginário de Gilbert Durand
Authors: Carvalho Rogério Gonçalves de
Published: October 2021

Este texto tem por objetivo apresentar uma interpretação antropológica do imaginário do cinema, especificamente em filmes em sua maior parte produzidos em Hollywood. Para tal, faremos a aplicação de uma mitohermenêutica desenvolvida pelo antropólogo Gilbert Durand, que configura três estruturas imaginárias arquetípicas que servem como uma espécie de guia. O itinerário deve seguir os regimes imaginários pensados por Durand, quais sejam o regime diurno de estrutura heroica, o regime noturno de estrutura mística e o regime noturno de estrutura sintética ou dramática.
Ensaio sobre o signo: troca, linguagem, espaço e um trabalho de Nuno Ramos
Authors: Goldfeder André
Published: October 2021

Em Ensaio sobre a dádiva (2014/2015), Nuno Ramos parte do ensaio homônimo de Marcel Mauss e atinge um ponto de acumulação e virada que remete a um modo de agenciamento decisivo em sua poética: a produção de planos de articulação entre elementos heterogêneos. Ao pôr em ato uma problemática da troca, reenuncia um espaço de remissões estéticas-históricas central para certas passagens entre artes modernas e contemporâneas, relançado em torno das relações entre linguagem e espaço. Assim, partindo da leitura do signo enquanto entidade elementar dos estruturalismos linguístico e antropológico por Patrice Maniglier, o artigo explora um campo possível de traduções recíprocas entre artes visuais e poesia, antropologia e filosofia, circulando ainda, com Jacques Rancière, entre Stéphane Mallarmé e Marcel Broodthaers, e com Lévi-Strauss, Saussure e certas linhas de debate sobre as artes contemporâneas, entre a problemática dos meios em artes visuais e um horizonte ontológico de pensamento com as artes.
Interculturalidades en danza: recreaciones del imaginario identitario argentino
Authors: Citro Silvia
Published: October 2021

El artículo analiza cómo las políticas culturales emprendidas en Argentina entre 2010-2015 intentaron confrontar el tradicional imaginario identitario sobre “el origen blanco-europeo” de los argentinos. Para ello, inicialmente, realizo una genealogía de las principales transformaciones históricas de esas políticas e imaginarios, para luego focalizar en las actuaciones del Combinado Argentino de Danza (CAD), en las celebraciones de conmemoración de estado-nación argentino, organizadas por el Ministerio de Cultura de la Nación durante este período. El CAD es el primer grupo de la escena local que propuso combinar géneros folklóricos nacionales que revalorizan influencias indígenas, con el hip hop, la danza contemporánea y la música electrónica, articulando a artistas de distintas procedencias regionales y estéticas.  A través de este caso, reflexiono sobre los modos en que las ideologías multiculturalistas globales han sido reelaboradas localmente, en los intentos políticos por legitimar un nuevo imaginario nacional intercultural, popular y no sexista.
Epididymal Fat-Derived Sympathoexcitatory Signals Exacerbate Neurogenic Hypertension in Obese Male Mice Exposed to Early Life Stress
Authors: Dalmasso Carolina , Leachman Jacqueline R. , Ghuneim Sundus , Ahmed Nermin , Schneider Eve R. , Thibault Olivier , Osborn Jeffrey L. , Loria Analia S.
Published: October 2021

Previously, we have shown that male mice exposed to maternal separation and early weaning (MSEW)—a mouse model of early life stress—display increased mean arterial pressure compared with controls when fed a high-fat diet. As the stimulation of sensory nerves from fat has been shown to trigger the adipose afferent reflex, we tested whether MSEW male mice show obesity-associated hypertension via the hyperactivation of this sympathoexcitatory mechanism. After 16 weeks on high-fat diet, MSEW mice displayed increased blood pressure, sympathetic activation, and greater depressor response to an α-adrenergic blocker when compared with controls (
P
<0.05; n=8), despite no differences in adiposity and plasma leptin. The acute infusion of capsaicin in epididymal white adipose tissue (1.5 pmol/μL of capsaicin, 8 μL/per site, 4 sites, bilaterally) increased the total pressor response in MSEW mice compared with controls (110±19 versus 284±33 mm Hg×30 minutes;
P
<0.05; n=8). This response was associated with neuronal activation in OVLT, posterior paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, and RVLM (
P
<0.05 versus control; n=6–7). Renal denervation abolished both the acute and chronic elevated mean arterial pressure in obese MSEW mice. Moreover, selective sensory denervation of epididymal white adipose tissue using resiniferatoxin (10 pmol/µL solution; n=6) decreased mean arterial pressure in obese MSEW mice only (
P
<0.05 versus control). Obese MSEW mice displayed increased epididymal white adipose tissue levels of both tryptophan hydroxylase (Tph1) mRNA expression and its synthesis product serotonin (8.3±1.9 versus 16.6±1.7 ug/mg tissue;
P
<0.05 versus control). Thus, afferent sensory signals from epididymal white adipose tissue may contribute to the exacerbated fat–brain–blood pressure axis displayed by obese male mice exposed to early life stress.
Salt-Sensitive Hypertension of the Renal Tubular Cell–Specific NFAT5 (Nuclear Factor of Activated T-Cells 5) Knockout Mice
Authors: Hiramatsu Akiko , Izumi Yuichiro , Eguchi Koji , Matsuo Naomi , Deng Qinyuan , Inoue Hideki , Nakayama Yushi , Nonoguchi Hiroshi , Aramburu Jose , López-Rodríguez Cristina , Kakizoe Yutaka , Adachi Masataka , Kuwabara Takashige , Kim-Mitsuyama Shokei , Mukoyama Masashi
Published: October 2021

The kidney plays a crucial role in blood pressure (BP) regulation by controlling sodium reabsorption along the nephron. NFAT5 (nuclear factor of activated T-cells 5) is a transcription factor that is expressed in various tissues including the kidney and is activated at hypertonic conditions as observed in the renal medulla; the role for kidney NFAT5 in BP regulation, however, remains still obscure. In the present study, we generated inducible and renal tubular cell–specific NFAT5 knockout (KO) mice and characterized their phenotype. The NFAT5 KO mice exhibited high BP, hypernatremia, polyuria, and low urinary sodium excretion without significant alterations in the plasma renin activity or aldosterone concentration. The mice fed a high-salt diet further increased BP, revealing salt-sensitive hypertension. The KO mice exhibited the increased gene expression of the epithelial sodium channel. Protein expression of epithelial sodium channel in the membrane fraction was also significantly increased in KO mice than in wild-type mice. Treatment with amiloride, an epithelial sodium channel blocker, corrected high BP, hypernatremia, and decreased urinary sodium excretion in KO mice to the same levels of those in wild-type mice. Finally, the effects of high-salt diet and amiloride in KO mice were confirmed by the radiotelemetry method. In conclusion, these data indicate that renal tubular NFAT5 should play an important role in regulating sodium reabsorption through epithelial sodium channel under high-salt conditions, thereby preventing salt-dependent hypertension.
Effects of Different Rest Period Durations Prior to Blood Pressure Measurement: The Best Rest Trial
Authors: Brady Tammy M. , Charleston Jeanne , Ishigami Junichi , Miller Edgar R. , Matsushita Kunihiro , Appel Lawrence J.
Published: October 2021

A rest period of 3 to 5 minutes before blood pressure (BP) measurement is recommended in hypertension guidelines but can be challenging to implement. We conducted a randomized trial to determine the effects of resting for <5 minutes on BP. In a cross-over design, 113 participants (mean age 55 years, 36% male, 75% Black) had 4 sets of triplicate BP measurements with the order of rest for the first 3 sets (0 minutes, 2 minutes, 5 minutes
1
) randomized. The fourth set was always a second 5-minute rest period (5 minutes
2
), from which we calculated the difference between 5 minutes
1
and 5 minutes
2
(5 minutes
1
−5 minutes
2
), a measure of intrinsic BP variability. To determine if there was no difference between BPs obtained after resting 0 minutes or 2 minutes versus 5 minutes
1
, we tested whether 5 minutes
1
−0 minutes or 5 minutes
1
−2 minutes was within a prespecified noninferiority margin of ±2 mm Hg compared with 5 minutes
1
−5 minutes
2
. Overall, mean BP was similar across 5 minutes
1
(128/75), 5 minutes
2
(127/76), 2 minutes (127/74), and 0 minutes (127/74). Compared with the average absolute 5 minutes
1
−5 minutes
2
difference (5.3/3.0 mm Hg), the absolute systolic BP difference of differences did not cross our noninferiority margin for 0 minutes rest (0.2 [95% CI, 0.8–1.2]) but did for 2 minutes rest (−1.7 [−2.8 to −0.6]). Among those with systolic BP <140, the absolute difference of differences for both 0 and 2 minutes did not cross the ±2 mm Hg margin; however, those with systolic BP ≥140 had differences that did exceed this threshold. Our findings suggest that shorter rest periods may be a reasonable alternative to 5 minutes for most individuals. Implementation could substantially improve the efficiency of hypertension screening programs.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT04031768.
Inhibition of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Attenuates Bosutinib-Induced Blood Pressure Elevation
Authors: Cui Zhen , Li Bochuan , Zhang Yanhong , He Jinlong , Shi Xuelian , Wang Hui , Zhao Yinjiao , Yao Liu , Ai Ding , Zhang Xu , Zhu Yi
Published: October 2021

Endothelial cells play a critical role in maintaining homeostasis of vascular function, and endothelial activation is involved in the initial step of atherogenesis. Previously, we reported that Abl kinase mediates shear stress–induced endothelial activation. Bosutinib, a dual inhibitor of Src and Abl kinases, exerts an atheroprotective effect; however, recent studies have demonstrated an increase in the incidence of side effects associated with bosutinib, including increased arterial blood pressure (BP). To understand the effects of bosutinib on BP regulation and the mechanistic basis for novel treatment strategies against vascular dysfunction, we generated a line of mice conditionally lacking c-Abl in endothelial cells (endothelial cell-
Abl

KO

). Knockout mice and their wild-type littermates (
Abl

f/f

) were orally administered a clinical dose of bosutinib, and their BP was monitored. Bosutinib treatment increased BP in both endothelial cell-
Abl

KO

and
Abl

f/f

mice. Furthermore, acetylcholine-evoked endothelium-dependent relaxation of the mesenteric arteries was impaired by bosutinib treatment. RNA sequencing of mesenteric arteries revealed that the CYP (cytochrome P450)-dependent metabolic pathway was involved in regulating BP after bosutinib treatment. Additionally, bosutinib treatment led to an upregulation of soluble epoxide hydrolase in the arteries and a lower plasma content of eicosanoid metabolites in the CYP pathway in mice. Treatment with 1-Trifluoromethoxyphenyl-3-(1-propionylpiperidin-4-yl) urea, a soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor, reversed the bosutinib-induced changes to the eicosanoid metabolite profile, endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation, and BP. Thus, the present study demonstrates that upregulation of soluble epoxide hydrolase mediates bosutinib-induced elevation of BP, independent of c-Abl. The addition of soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor in patients treated with bosutinib may aid in preventing vascular side effects.
Hypertension in Diabetes: An Update of Basic Mechanisms and Clinical Disease
Authors: Jia Guanghong , Sowers James R.
Published: October 2021

Epidemiological studies have documented that insulin resistance and diabetes not only constitute metabolic abnormalities but also predispose to hypertension, vascular stiffness, and associated cardiovascular disease. Meanwhile, excessive arterial stiffness and impaired vasorelaxation, in turn, contribute to worsening insulin resistance and the development of diabetes. Molecular mechanisms promoting hypertension in diabetes include inappropriate activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and sympathetic nervous system, mitochondria dysfunction, excessive oxidative stress, and systemic inflammation. This review highlights recent studies which have uncovered new underlying mechanisms for the increased propensity for the development of hypertension in association with diabetes. These include enhanced activation of epithelial sodium channels, alterations in extracellular vesicles and their microRNAs, abnormal gut microbiota, and increased renal sodium-glucose cotransporter activity, which collectively predispose to hypertension in association with diabetes. This review also covers socioeconomic factors and currently recommended blood pressure targets and related treatment strategies in diabetic patients with hypertension.
Ischemic Stroke in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy According to Presence or Absence of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Fauchier Laurent , Bisson Arnaud , Bodin Alexandre , Herbert Julien , Spiesser Pascal , Pierre Bertrand , Clementy Nicolas , Bernard Anne , Babuty Dominique , Lip Gregory Y.H.
Published: October 2021

Background and Purpose:

Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) have high risk of ischemic stroke (IS), especially if atrial fibrillation (AF) is present. Improvements in risk stratification are needed to help identify those patients with HCM at higher risk of stroke, whether AF is present or not.

Methods:

This French longitudinal cohort study from the database covering hospital care from 2010 to 2019 analyzed adults hospitalized with isolated HCM. A logistic regression model was used to construct a French HCM score, which was compared with the HCM Risk-CVA and CHA
2
DS
2
-VASc scores using c-indexes and calibration analysis.

Results:

In 32 206 patients with isolated HCM, 12 498 (38.8%) had AF, and 2489 (7.7%) sustained an IS during follow-up. AF in patients with HCM was independently associated with a higher risk for death (hazard ratio, 1.129 [95% CI, 1.088–1.172]), cardiovascular death (hazard ratio, 1.254 [95% CI, 1.177–1.337]), IS (hazard ratio, 1.210 [95% CI, 1.111–1.317]), and other major cardiovascular events. Independent predictors of IS in HCM were older age, heart failure, AF, prior IS, smoking and poor nutrition (all
P
<0.05). For the HCM Risk-CVA score, CHA
2
DS
2
-VASc score and a French HCM score, all c-indexes were 0.65 to 0.70, with good calibration. Among patients with AF, the CHA
2
DS
2
-VASc score had marginal improvement over the HCM Risk-CVA score but was less predictive compared with the French HCM score (
P
=0.001). In patients without AF, both HCM Risk-CVA score and the French HCM score had significantly better prediction compared with CHA
2
DS
2
-VASc (both
P
<0.0001). Decision curve analysis demonstrated that the French HCM score had the best clinical usefulness of the 3 tested risk scores.

Conclusions:

Patients with HCM have a high prevalence of AF and a significant risk of IS, and the presence of AF in patients with HCM was independently associated with worse outcomes. A simple French HCM score shows good prediction of IS in patients with HCM and clinical usefulness, with good calibration.
Fast Outcome Categorization of the Upper Limb After Stroke
Authors: Jordan Harry T. , Che Joia , Byblow Winston D. , Stinear Cathy M.
Published: October 2021

Background and Purpose:

The ARAT (Action Research Arm Test) has been used to classify upper limb motor outcome after stroke in 1 of 3, 4, or 5 categories. The COVID-19 pandemic has encouraged the development of assessments that can be performed quickly and remotely. The aim of this study was to derive and internally validate decision trees for categorizing upper limb motor outcomes at the late subacute and chronic stages of stroke using a subset of ARAT tasks.

Methods:

This study retrospectively analyzed ARAT scores obtained in-person at 3 months poststroke from 333 patients. In-person ARAT scores were used to categorize patients’ 3-month upper limb outcome using classification systems with 3, 4, and 5 outcome categories. Individual task scores from in-person assessments were then used in classification and regression tree analyses to determine subsets of tasks that could accurately categorize upper limb outcome for each of the 3 classification systems. The decision trees developed using 3-month ARAT data were also applied to in-person ARAT data obtained from 157 patients at 6 months poststroke.

Results:

The classification and regression tree analyses produced decision trees requiring 2 to 4 ARAT tasks. The overall accuracy of the cross-validated decision trees ranged from 87.7% (SE, 1.0%) to 96.7% (SE, 2.0%). Accuracy was highest when classifying patients into one of 3 outcome categories and lowest for 5 categories. The decision trees are referred to as FOCUS (Fast Outcome Categorization of the Upper Limb After Stroke) assessments and they remained accurate for 6-month poststroke ARAT scores (overall accuracy range 83.4%–91.7%).

Conclusions:

A subset of ARAT tasks can accurately categorize upper limb motor outcomes after stroke. Future studies could investigate the feasibility and accuracy of categorizing outcomes using the FOCUS assessments remotely via video call.
Infants Learn to Follow Gaze in Stages: Evidence Confirming a Robotic Prediction
Authors: Silverstein Priya , Feng Jinzhi , Westermann Gert , Parise Eugenio , Twomey Katherine E.
Published: October 2021

Gaze following is an early-emerging skill in infancy argued to be fundamental to joint attention and later language development. However, how gaze following emerges is a topic of great debate. Representational theories assume that in order to follow adults’ gaze, infants must have a rich sensitivity to adults’ communicative intention from birth. In contrast, learning-based theories hold that infants may learn to gaze follow based on low-level social reinforcement, without the need to understand others’ mental states. Nagai et al. (2006) successfully taught a robot to gaze follow through social reinforcement and found that the robot learned in stages: first in the horizontal plane, and later in the vertical plane—a prediction that does not follow from representational theories. In the current study, we tested this prediction in an eye-tracking paradigm. Six-month-olds did not follow gaze in either the horizontal or vertical plane, whereas 12-month-olds and 18-month-olds only followed gaze in the horizontal plane. These results confirm the core prediction of the robot model, suggesting that children may also learn to gaze follow through social reinforcement coupled with a structured learning environment.
Chiastocaulon raetzelii (Marchantiophyta, Plagiochilaceae), a new species from New Caledonia
Authors: MÜLLER FRANK , THOUVENOT LOUIS
Published: October 2021

The new liverwort species Chiastocaulon raetzelii is described from New Caledonia. Chiastocaulon raetzelii is characterized by very fragile, caducous leaves, stems therefore often becoming completely denuded of leaves; only bract leaves of the androecia are permanent and often the only ones remaining on the stem. Plants are minute with leafy shoots to 1 mm wide. Leaves on leafy shoots are arranged in opposing pairs, they are obovate-truncate to spathulate, with 3–7 teeth per leaf, teeth are filiform, consisting of long rectangular cells, and occupy about 1/3 to 1/4 of the entire leaf length. The species is compared to C. oppositum and C. geminifolium, which are the most similar morphologically.
Illustrated key to the species in the genus Sephina (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Coreidae: Coreinae: Spartocerini), with descriptions of three new species and new distributional records
Authors: BRAILOVSKY HARRY , BARRERA ERNESTO
Published: October 2021

Three new species of Sephina Amyot and Serville 1843, are described: S. crassa from Ecuador, S. effrena from Colombia and S. ornata from Panama. A key to the 27 known species and photographs of the dorsal habitus are included. Also included are photographs of the male genital capsule of S. vinula Stål 1862, and parameres of S. indierae Wolcott 1924 and S. vinula. New distributional records for S. dorsalis (White 1842), S. esquivelae Brailovsky & Sánchez 1983, S. faceta Brailovsky 2001, S. formosa (Dallas 1852), S. geniculata Distant 1881, S. limbata Stål 1862, S. nigripes Schmidt 1907, S. pagella Brailovsky & Sánchez 1983, S. pubera (Erichson 1848), S. pustulata (Fabricius 1803), S. rogersi Distant 1881, S. subulata Brailovsky & Sánchez 1983, and S. vinula are included. Sephina excellens Schmidt, 1907 is synonymized under S. pubera (Erichson 1848). The synonymy of Sephina grayi Van Duzee, 1909 under S. gundlachi (Guérin-Méneville 1857) is here corroborated.
The Bombycoidea and Mimallonoidea (Lepidoptera) of a research station in the grasslands of Southern Brazil
Authors: CARVALHO ANA PAULA S. , LAURENT RYAN A. ST , ROMANOWSKI HELENA P.
Published: October 2021

We report the Bombycoidea and Mimallonoidea (Lepidoptera) observed at the the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul’s (UFRGS) Agronomic Research Station in Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil from September 7th to November 6th, 2018. This research station is situated in the Campos Sulinos (southern Brazilian grasslands) environment. As part of our inventory, we report the following Bombycoidea: 29 species of Sphingidae, 26 species of Saturniidae, at least seven species of Apatelodidae, and at least four species of Bombycidae. Within Mimallonidae we recorded eight species. New state records include the following Sphingidae: Xylophanes alineae, X. crenulata, and Perigonia stulta; and Mimallonidae: Mimallo grisea and the genus Menevia. Our study represents the first inventory of moths from this location and one of the few from the Campos Sulinos more broadly.
Relation between Orbital Velocities, Pressure, and Surface Elevation in Nonlinear Nearshore Water Waves
Authors: Martins Kévin , Bonneton Philippe , Lannes David , Michallet Hervé
Published: October 2021

The inability of the linear wave dispersion relation to characterize the dispersive properties of nonlinear shoaling and breaking waves in the nearshore has long been recognized. Yet, it remains widely used with linear wave theory to convert between subsurface pressure, wave orbital velocities, and the free surface elevation associated with nonlinear nearshore waves. Here, we present a nonlinear fully dispersive method for reconstructing the free surface elevation from subsurface hydrodynamic measurements. This reconstruction requires knowledge of the dispersive properties of the wave field through the dominant wavenumbers magnitude κ, representative in an energy-averaged sense of a mixed sea state composed of both free and forced components. The present approach is effective starting from intermediate water depths—where nonlinear interactions between triads intensify—up to the surf zone, where most wave components are forced and travel approximately at the speed of nondispersive shallow-water waves. In laboratory conditions, where measurements of κ are available, the nonlinear fully dispersive method successfully reconstructs sea surface energy levels at high frequencies in diverse nonlinear and dispersive conditions. In the field, we investigate the potential of a reconstruction that uses a Boussinesq approximation of κ, since such measurements are generally lacking. Overall, the proposed approach offers great potential for collecting more accurate measurements under storm conditions, both in terms of sea surface energy levels at high frequencies and wave-by-wave statistics (e.g., wave extrema). Through its control on the efficiency of nonlinear energy transfers between triads, the spectral bandwidth is shown to greatly influence nonlinear effects in the transfer functions between subsurface hydrodynamics and the sea surface elevation.
Statistical-Dynamical Forecasting of Sub-Seasonal North Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Occurrence
Authors: Maier-Gerber Michael , Fink Andreas H. , Riemer Michael , Schoemer Elmar , Fischer Christoph , Schulz Benedikt
Published: October 2021

While previous research on sub-seasonal tropical cyclone (TC) occurrence has mostly focused on either the validation of numerical weather prediction (NWP) models, or the development of statistical models trained on past data, the present study combines both approaches to a statistical–dynamical model for probabilistic forecasts in the North Atlantic basin. Although state-of-the-art NWP models have been shown to lack predictive skill with respect to sub-seasonal weekly TC occurrence, they may predict the environmental conditions sufficiently well to generate predictors for a statistical model. Therefore, an extensive predictor set was generated, including predictor groups representing the climatological seasonal cycle (CSC), oceanic, and tropical conditions, tropical wave modes, as well as extratropical influences, respectively. The developed hybrid forecast model is systematically validated for the Gulf of Mexico and Central Main Development Region (MDR) for lead times up to five weeks. Moreover, its performance is compared against a statistical approach trained on past data, as well as against different climatological and NWP benchmarks. For sub-seasonal lead times, the CSC models are found to outperform the NWP models, which quickly loose skill within the first two forecast weeks, even in case of recalibration. The statistical models trained on past data increase skill over the CSC models, whereas even greater improvements in skill are gained by the hybrid approach out to week five. The vast majority of the additional sub-seasonal skill in the hybrid model, relative to the CSC model, could be attributed to the tropical (oceanic) conditions in the Gulf of Mexico (Central MDR).
Evaluation of mining capacity of mines using the combination weighting approach: A case study in Shenmu Mining Area in Shaanxi Province, China
Authors: Chen Haoyi , Cheng Zhiheng , Kong Dezhong
Published: October 2021

Aiming at the low mining rate in mines, Xingelao, Dabianyao, and Dongliang Coal Mines in Shenmu Mining Area, Shaanxi Province, China were taken as research objects. Based on this, this study constructed an evaluation index system for the mining capacity of the mines from the perspectives of geological factors, mechanical equipment, humans, and mining design. Moreover, the factors influencing the mining capacity of the mines were evaluated using a combination weighting approach based on an improved analytic hierarchy process and an entropy weight method. A standard cloud was generated based on the mapping standards of each index and a comprehensive cloud was obtained according to comprehensive weight and a backward cloud algorithm. Finally, by combining the comprehensive cloud with local and overall scores of the mines, the mining capacities of the mines were evaluated. The research results demonstrate that the key factor restricting the mining capacity of the mines is the geological environment and five major third-grade indexes affecting mining capacity are igneous rock intrusion, collapse column, scouring zone of the ancient river bed, mechanization level and coal pillar width. In addition, the corresponding suggestions and measures were put forward according to the main factors influencing the mining rate of the mines. In accordance with the weights and scores of each index, the overall scores of the mines were calculated. Dongliang, Dabianyao, and Xingelao Coal Mines were ranked in order based on scores. The research results provide a theoretical basis for improving the mining capacity of the mines under similar geological conditions.
Border regimes and temporal sequestration: An autoethnography of waiting
Authors: Avalos Miguel A.
Published: October 2021

Research on the US–Mexico border has been overwhelmingly framed in spatial terms focusing primarily on the movements of immigrants, asylum seekers, and refugees. This current framing and focus obfuscate the United States-Mexico border regime’s temporal dimensions and its impact on communities outside its purported purview. Through autoethnography and my own experiences as a transborder commuter, I develop and propose the concept of temporal sequestration to better understand a pernicious form of border violence that is often omitted in presentist accounts of waiting. Furthermore, I argue that waiting is best understood as a multidimensional practice, one that is relational, learned, and suffused with affect.
Kikuchi–Fujimoto Disease Associated With Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Infection
Authors: Yu Rui-Bin , Chen Yi-Jia , Chang Chun-Hsiang , Chen Yen-Lin , Chen Jeng-Wen
Published: October 2021

Kikuchi–Fujimoto disease (KFD) is a self-limited disease that is more common in young Asian women. Typical presentations included fever and cervical lymphadenopathy. The etiology of KFD is unknown, and diagnosis is based mainly on lymph node biopsy. KFD has been reported to be associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. However, the role of antibiotic treatment is unclear. We reported 2 cases of KFD associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection and were successfully treated with a macrolide.
Ventricular septal defect with anomalous origin of the left descending coronary artery from the right sinus of Valsava and an intraseptal course
Authors: Carles Guillaume , Peyre Marianne , Dabadie Alexia , Macé Loïc , Lenoir Marien
Published: October 2021

Patients with anomalous aortic origin of the left anterior descending coronary artery (AAOCA) from the right sinus of Valsava, and associated with a trans-septal course, are recommended for surgery only when symptoms of ischemia are present. The transconal unroofing method is straightforward and provides good anatomic result. In absence of significant coronary compression, surgical management of the trans-septal coronary course is proposed if the patient is a candidate to cardiac surgery for another reason, such as congenital heart disease. We describe a transconal approach in a patient with a trans-septal coronary artery and a ventricular septal defect.
Reentry in Practice: Sexual Offending, Self-Narratives, and the Implications of Stigma in Norway
Authors: Sandbukt Ingeborg Jenssen
Published: October 2021

Reentering society after serving a prison sentence involves many challenges and particularly so for one of the most stigmatized groups in modern society: people who have sexually offended. While most research on their reentry has been conducted in countries with Sex Offender Registration and Notification (SORN) laws, this study used Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) to qualitatively investigate the accounts and experiences of men released from prison after serving a sex offense conviction in Norway ( n = 8). Results showed that despite less restrictive policies and a total absence of SORN laws, the social stigma linked to being convicted of such crimes severely affected the men. To some degree, they all experienced feelings of stress or anxiousness and they withdrew and isolated more. Their narratives highlight a need for increased social support and recognition from others in the reentry process. Subjective and societal consequences as well as practical implications are discussed.
“Sewing Is Part of Our Tradition”: A Case Study of Sewing as a Strategy for Arts-Based Inquiry in Health Research With Inuit Women
Authors: Brubacher Laura Jane , Dewey Cate E. , Tatty Naomi , Healey Akearok Gwen K. , Cunsolo Ashlee , Humphries Sally , Harper Sherilee L.
Published: October 2021

In this article, we present a case study of sewing as a strategy for arts-based inquiry in health research, situated within a broader project that highlighted Nunavut Inuit women’s childbirth experiences. Five focus groups were hosted as sewing sessions with pregnant women ( N = 19) in Iqaluit, Nunavut (2017–2018). Women’s reflections on the sessions, and the significance of sewing to Inuit, were integrated with researchers’ critical reflections to examine the value of sewing as a strategy for arts-based inquiry within a focus group method: results related to the flexibility of the sessions; how collective sewing created space for voicing, sharing, and relating; sewing as a tactile and place-specific practice tied to Inuit knowledge and tradition; and lessons learned. Our results underscore the possibilities of arts-based approaches, such as sewing, to enhance data gathering within a focus group method and to contribute to more locally appropriate, place-based methods for Indigenous health research.