bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A curation for uncontaminated Hayabusa2-returned samples in the extraterrestrial curation center of JAXA: from the beginning to present day
Authors: Yada Toru , Abe Masanao , Nishimura Masahiro , Sawada Hirotaka , Okazaki Ryuji , Takano Yoshinori , Sakamoto Kanako , Okada Tatsuaki , Nakato Aiko , Yoshitake Miwa , Nakano Yuki , Yogata Kasumi , Miyazaki Akiko , Furuya Shizuho , Iwamae Ayako S. , Nakatsubo Shunichi , Hatakeda Kentaro , Hitomi Yuya , Kumagai Kazuya , Suzuki Shino , Miura Yayoi N. , Ito Motoo , Tomioka Naotaka , Uesugi Masayuki , Karouji Yuzuru , Uesugi Kentaro , Shirai Naoki , Yamaguchi Akira , Imae Naoya , Naraoka Hiroshi , Yamamoto Yuhji , Tachibana Shogo , Yurimoto Hisayoshi , Usui Tomohiro
Published: November 2023

Developing a cleanroom and clean chambers (CCs) for Hayabusa2 returned samples has been discussed with the committee for Hayabusa2 sample curation facility since 2015. One major difference from the specifications of the CCs used for Itokawa samples is that a part of samples was decided to be handled and preserved in vacuum to avoid terrestrial nitrogen contamination with organics or unknown materials that might easily react with the samples. Thus, the CCs for Hayabusa2 samples were divided into two CCs for vacuum processes and three CCs for purified nitrogen conditions. The cleanroom was built in summer 2017, while the CCs were installed in the summer of 2018. After the installation of the CCs, instruments for initial descriptions, sample containers, handling tools for powder and particle samples, and jigs to assist handling samples were developed in parallel with functional checks and repeated rehearsals between the fall of 2018 and the fall of 2020. The curatorial works on Hayabusa2-retuned samples were conducted as previously planned. Simultaneously, contaminations and influences of inorganics, organics, microbial, and magnetic constructs have been assessed to evaluate their potential effects on the analysis of the returned samples. Additionally, the tools used to touch samples directly have been demagnetized to avoid sample magnetization during their handling and the tool magnetization was measured before and after their usages. The series of developments and experiences from the curatorial works of Hayabusa2-returned samples represent valuable implications for future sample return missions.

Graphical Abstract
A new tibial insert design with ball‐in‐socket medial conformity and posterior cruciate ligament retention closely restores native knee tibial rotation after unrestricted kinematic alignment
Authors: Elorza Saúl Pacheco , O’Donnell Ed , Nedopil Alexander J. , Howell Stephen M. , Hull Maury L.
Published: November 2023

Purpose

In total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) retention, the medial and lateral insert conformity that restores in vivo native (i.e., healthy) knee tibial rotation and high function without causing stiffness is unknown. The purpose was to determine whether a ball‐in‐socket (B‐in‐S) medially conforming (MC) and flat lateral insert implanted with unrestricted kinematic alignment (KA) TKA and PCL retention restores tibial rotation to native.

Methods

One group of 25 patients underwent unrestricted KA TKA with manual instruments. Another group of 25 patients had native knees. Single‐plane fluoroscopy imaged each knee while patients performed step‐up and chair rise activities. Following 3D model‐to‐2D image registration, anterior–posterior (A‐P) positions of the femoral condyles were determined. Changes in A‐P positions with flexion were used to determine tibial rotation.

Results

At maximum flexion, mean tibial rotations of KA TKA knees were comparable to native knees (Step up: 12.3° ± 4.4° vs. 13.1° ± 12.0°, p = 0.783; Chair Rise: 12.7° ± 6.2° vs. 12.6° ± 9.5º, p = 0.941). However, paths of rotation differed in that screw home motion was less evident in KA TKA knees. At 8 months follow‐up, the median Forgotten Joint Score was 69 points (range 65 to 85), the median Oxford Knee Score was 43 points (range 40 to 46), and mean knee flexion was 127º ± 8°.

Conclusions

The ball‐in‐socket medial, flat lateral insert and PCL retention implanted with unrestricted KA TKA restored in vivo native knee tibial rotation at maximum flexion for each activity and high function without stiffness. Providing high A‐P stability, this implant design might benefit patients desiring to return to demanding work and recreational activities.

Level of evidence

Therapeutic – Level II.
Protective effect of canagliflozin on post-resuscitation myocardial function in a rat model of cardiac arrest
Authors: Hua Tianfeng , Chu Yuqian , Wang Minjie , Zhang Yijun , Shi Wei , Huang Qihui , Zhang Liangliang , Yang Min
Published: November 2023

Background

Currently, most patients with cardiac arrest (CA) show reversible myocardial dysfunction, hemodynamic instability, systemic inflammation and other pathophysiological state in early stage of resuscitation, some patients may eventually progress to multiple organ failure. There is evidence that heart failure is the terminal stage in the development of various cardiovascular diseases. Although the cardio-protective effect of canagliflozin (CANA) has been confirmed in large clinical studies and recommended in domestic and international heart failure-related guidelines, the effectiveness of CANA after resuscitation remains unclear. In this study, we constructed a modified CA/CPR rat model to investigate whether CANA administered on post-resuscitation improves myocardial function.

Methods

Twenty-fourth healthy male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomized into four groups: (1) Sham + placebo group, (2) Sham + CANA group, (3) CPR + placebo group, and (4) CPR + CANA group. Ventricular fibrillation was induced by transcutaneous electrical stimulation on epicardium. After 6 min untreated ventricular fibrillation, chest compressions was initiated. The rats were received an injection of placebo or canagliflozin (3 ug/kg) randomly 15 min after restore of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Electrocardiogram (ECG) and blood pressure were continuously detected in each group throughout the experiment. The rats were killed 6 h after ROSC to collected the arterial serum and myocardial tissue. Myocardial injury was estimated with concentrations of inflammatory factors, oxidative stress indexes and, apoptosis index, myocardial injury markers, echocardiography and myocardial pathological slices.

Results

After resuscitation, mean arterial pressure (MAP) were significantly increased after cardiopulmonary resuscitation in CANA group rats when compared with placebo group. Heart rate, body lactate returned and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) to normal levels in a shorter time and the myocardial injury was obviously attenuated in CPR + CANA group. Inflammatory factors (IL-6, TNF-α) and oxidative stress indexes (MAD, SOD, CAT) were dramatically decreased with the administration of CANA. The expression of apoptosis index (BAX, caspase-3) were higher in CPR + placebo group and the expression of anti-apoptosis index (Bcl-2) was lower (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

The administration of CANA effectively reduces myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury after cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and the underlying mechanism may be related to anti-inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis.
Microalgae and co-culture for polishing pollutants of anaerobically treated agro-processing industry wastewater: the case of slaughterhouse
Authors: Bedane Dejene Tsegaye , Asfaw Seyoum Leta
Published: November 2023

Anaerobically treated slaughterhouse effluent is rich in nutrients, organic matter, and cause eutrophication if discharged to the environment without proper further treatment. Moreover, phosphorus and nitrogen in agro-processing industry wastewaters are mainly removed in the tertiary treatment phase. The objective of this study is to evaluate the pollutant removal efficiency of Chlorella and Scenedesmus species as well as their co-culture treating two-phase anaerobic digester effluent through microalgae biomass production. The dimensions of the rectangular photobioreactor used to conduct the experiment are 15 cm in height, 20 cm in width, and 30 cm in length. Removal efficiencies between 86.74–93.11%, 96.74–97.47%, 91.49–92.91%, 97.94–99.46%, 89.22–94.28%, and 91.08–95.31% were attained for chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, nitrate, ammonium, total phosphorous, and orthophosphate by Chlorella species, Scenedesmus species, and their co-culture, respectively. The average biomass productivity and biomass yield of Chlorella species, Scenedesmus species, and their co-culture were 1.4 ± 0.1, 1.17 ± 0.12, 1.5 ± 0.13 g/L, and 0.18, 0.21, and 0.23 g/L*day, respectively. The final effluent quality in terms of chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, and total phosphorous attained by Chlorella species and the co-culture were below the permissible discharge limit for slaughterhouse effluent standards in the country (Ethiopia). The results of the study showed that the use of microalgae as well as their co-culture for polishing the nutrients and residual organic matter in the anaerobically treated agro-processing industry effluent offers a promising result for wastewater remediation and biomass production. In general, Chlorella and Scenedesmus species microalgae and their co-culture can be applied as an alternative for nutrient removal from anaerobically treated slaughterhouse wastewater as well as biomass production that can be used for bioenergy.

Graphical Abstract
Unraveling the mysteries of macular telangiectasia 2: the intersection of philanthropy, multimodal imaging and molecular genetics. The 2022 founders lecture of the pan American vitreoretinal society
Authors: Wu Lihteh
Published: November 2023

Purpose

Offer a personal perspective on the scientific advances on macular telangiectasia type 2 (MacTel2) since the launch of the MacTel Project in 2005.

Design

Literature review and personal perspective.

Methods

Critical review of the peer-reviewed literature and personal perspective.

Results

Generous financial support from the Lowy Medical Research Institute laid the foundations of the MacTel Project. MacTel Project investigators used state of the art multimodal retinal imaging and advanced modern biological methods to unravel many of the mysteries surrounding MacTel2. Major accomplishments includes elucidation of the pathogenic role that low serine levels, elevated 1-deoxysphingolipids and other mechanisms induce mitochondrial dysfunction which lead to Müller cell and photoreceptor degeneration; the use of objective measures of retinal structures such as the area of ellipsoid zone disruption as an outcome measure in clinical trials; the demonstration that the ciliary neurotrophic factor slows down retinal degeneration and the development of a new severity scale classification based on multimodal imaging findings.

Conclusions

MacTel2 is a predominantly metabolic disease characterized by defects in energy metabolism. Despite relatively good visual acuities, MacTel2 patients experience significant visual disability. The Mac Tel Project has been instrumental in advancing MacTel2 knowledge in the past two decades.
Biomolecular mechanisms of epileptic seizures and epilepsy: a review
Authors: Sumadewi Komang Trisna , Harkitasari Saktivi , Tjandra David Christopher
Published: November 2023

Epilepsy is a recurring neurological disease caused by the abnormal electrical activity in the brain. This disease has caused about 50 new cases in 100,000 populations every year with the clinical manifestations of awareness loss, bruising, and mobility abnormalities. Due to the lack understanding of the pathophysiology behind the illness, a wide variety of medications are available to treat epilepsy. Epileptogenesis is the process by which a normally functioning brain undergoes alterations leading to the development of epilepsy, involving various factors. This is related to the inflammation which is driven by cytokines like IL-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) leads to neuronal hyperexcitability. Pro-inflammatory cytokines from activated microglia and astrocytes in epileptic tissue initiate an inflammatory cascade, heightening neuronal excitability and triggering epileptiform activity. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) maintains central nervous system integrity through its tight endothelial connections, but inflammation impact BBB structure and function which leads to immune cell infiltration. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway’s excessive activation influences epileptogenesis, impacting neuronal excitability, and synapse formation, with genetic mutations contributing to epilepsy syndromes and the modulation of autophagy playing a role in seizure onset. The apoptotic pathway contribute to cell death through glutamate receptor-mediated excitotoxicity, involving pro-apoptotic proteins like p53 and mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to the activation of caspases and the disruption of calcium homeostasis. Ionic imbalances within neural networks contribute to the complexity of epileptic seizures, involving alterations in voltage-gated sodium and potassium channels, and the formation of diverse ion channel subtypes. Epileptogenesis triggers molecular changes in hippocampus, including altered neurogenesis and enhanced expression of neurotrophic factors and proteins. Oxidative stress leads to cellular damage, disrupted antioxidant systems, and mitochondrial dysfunction, making it a key player in epileptogenesis and potential neuroprotective interventions. Thalamocortical circuitry disruption is central to absence epilepsy, the normal circuit becomes faulty and results in characteristic brain wave patterns.
Surgical helmet systems in total joint arthroplasty: assessment of hood sterility and donning technique
Authors: McAleese Timothy , Ó Doinn Tiarnán , Broderick James M. , Farrington Ross , Prior Anna-Rose , Quinlan John F.
Published: November 2023

Background

The incidence of prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is increasing, coincident with the rising volume of joint arthroplasty being performed. With recent controversy regarding the efficacy of surgical helmet systems (SHS) in preventing infection, the focus has turned to the correct donning techniques and usage of surgical hoods. The aim of this study was to compare the bacterial contamination of the operating surgeon’s gloves after two common donning techniques of SHS hoods. We also evaluated the baseline sterility of the SHS hoods at the beginning of the procedure.

Methods

The bacterial contamination rate was quantified using colony-forming units (CFUs), with 50 trials performed per donning technique. Samples were cultured on 5% Columbia blood agar in ambient air at 37 °C for 48 h and all subsequent bacterial growth was identified using a MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer. In Group 1, the operating surgeon donned their colleague’s hood. In Group 2, the operating surgeon had their hood applied by a non-scrubbed colleague. After each trial, the operating surgeon immediately inoculated their gloves onto an agar plate. The immediate sterility of 50 SHS hoods was assessed at two separate zones—the screen (Zone 1) and the neckline (Zone 2).

Results

There was no significant difference in contamination rates between the two techniques (3% vs. 2%, P = 0.99) or between right and left glove contamination rates. Immediately after donning, 6/50 (12%) of SHS hoods cultured an organism. Contamination rates at both the face shield and neckline zones were equivalent. The majority of bacteria cultured were Bacillus species.

Discussion

We found no significant difference in the operating surgeon’s glove contamination using two common SHS hood-donning techniques when they were performed under laminar airflow with late fan activation. We suggest the SHS hood should not be assumed to be completely sterile and that gloves are changed if it is touched intraoperatively.
The effects of closed kinetic chain exercise on pain and physical function in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a narrative review
Authors: Ahmed Faruq , Hossain K. M. Amran , Islam Md. Shofiqul , Hassan Md. Nazmul , Nahid Zahid Bin Sultan , Uddin Md. Kutub , Islam Md. Waliul , Haque Md. Obaidul
Published: November 2023

Background

Osteoarthritis (OA) has become a serious public health exposure because it leads to chronic pain and minimizes physical function and quality of life (QOL). This review aimed to find out the effectiveness of closed kinetic chain exercise (CKCE) on pain, range of motion (ROM), physical function, and QOL in subjects with knee OA.

Methods

The design of this study was a narrative review. A computerized electronic search was performed using PEDro, PubMed, CINAHL, and EMBASE Register of controlled trials with keywords including osteoarthritis, knee OA, closed chain exercise, closed kinetic chain exercise, functional exercise, physiotherapy exercise, and therapeutic intervention. The inclusion criteria consisted of studies that were randomized controlled trials, published in English from 2016 to 2023. Here, allotted osteoarthritis was the primary concern, and we identified closed kinetic chain exercise as one of the treatment options.

Results

The initial search of the database revealed a total of 91 studies. Of those studies, 11 were selected as potentially meeting the inclusion criteria. Ultimately, six studies were retained for the final review. The evaluations suggested that CKCE has better impacts on pain, capacity, and ROM in knee OA. After reviewing, it has been revealed that at least an 8-week program with 3 sessions per week in 30 min longer might have greater effects on the CKCE program.

Conclusion

The results of this narrative review have shown that CKCEs are efficient for relieving pain, promoting function, increasing knee ROM, and enhancing QOL in subjects with knee OA.
Mediastinal bronchial artery aneurysm complicated with iatrogenic acute aortic dissection during bronchial artery embolization repaired with thoracic endovascular aortic repair: a case report
Authors: Higa Hanae , Miyata Takeaki , Saga Toshifumi , Yoshimatsu Takashi
Published: November 2023

Background

Asymptomatic bronchial artery aneurysms (BAA) could be underdiagnosed, and the precise prevalence is unknown. Bronchial artery angiography revealed that this rare disease in about 1% of patients. BAA is fatal if ruptured since there is no correlation between the diameter and symptoms of the aneurysm and the risk of rupture. Early treatment on diagnosis is desirable. Bronchial artery embolization (BAE) is the first choice for treatment because of its minimally invasive nature.

Case presentation

A 74-year-old man was referred to our department and pointed out a tumor-like lesion under the aortic arch on a contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT). We diagnosed it as a mediastinal BAA, and BAE was planned. The bronchial artery arising from the aorta showed strong atherosclerotic meanders and was difficult to engage, resulting in iatrogenic acute aortic dissection (AAD). Urgent thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) was performed. There was no contrast effect of the aneurysm on a postoperative CECT, indicating thrombotic occlusion.

Conclusions

We were preparing a system that could convert to surgery or TEVAR, in case of difficult to treat with BAE or ruptured aneurysm during BAE, so we were able to respond quickly to aortic dissection caused by BAE and obtain a good result of both BAA and aortic dissection. TEVAR would be considered a treatment of BAA, in cases such as the present case, where engagement is difficult, where the length of the inflow artery is short, or where the inflow artery is tortuous.
Diagnostic, Pathologic, and Therapeutic Considerations for Primary CNS Lymphoma
Authors: D'Angelo Christopher R.
Published: November 2023

Primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare lymphoma representing 3% of CNS malignancies. The diagnosis is complicated by the unique risks associated with brain biopsy, and the treatment is similarly complicated by the restriction of effective therapeutics able to cross the blood-brain barrier. Currently, the majority of individuals diagnosed with this disease are immunocompetent although immune deficiency related to HIV or immunosuppressive therapy remains an important risk factor. Improvements in both frontline therapy and consolidation options, including the use of hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation, have translated to improved survival. Unfortunately, patients experiencing relapsed or refractory disease often fare poorly. Here, we review key clinical, pathologic, and therapeutic aspects of PCNSL and highlight challenging clinical scenarios that may be encountered by the treating oncologist.
Impact of Free Fatty Acids on Vascular Insulin Responses Across the Arterial Tree: A Randomized Crossover Study
Authors: Love Kaitlin M , Jahn Linda A , Hartline Lee M , Aylor Kevin W , Liu Zhenqi
Published: November 2023

Context

Vascular insulin resistance is commonly observed in obesity and diabetes; yet, insulin action across the vascular tree and the relationship between insulin responses at different vascular locations remains incompletely defined.

Objective

To elucidate the impact of elevated free fatty acids (FFAs) on insulin action across the arterial tree and define the relationship among insulin actions in the different arterial segments.

Methods

This randomized crossover study assigned healthy lean adults to 2 separate admissions with euglycemic insulin clamp superimposed for the final 120 minutes of 5-hour lipid or matched-volume saline infusion. Vascular measures including peripheral and central arterial blood pressure, brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD), carotid femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), augmentation index (AIx), pulse wave separation analysis, subendocardial viability ratio (SEVR), and skeletal and cardiac muscle microvascular perfusion were determined before and after insulin clamp. Insulin-mediated whole body glucose disposal was calculated.

Results

Insulin enhanced FMD, AIx, reflection magnitude, and cardiac and skeletal muscle microvascular perfusion. Elevation of plasma FFA concentrations to the levels seen in the postabsorptive state in people with insulin resistance suppressed SEVR, blunted insulin-induced increases in FMD and cardiac and skeletal muscle microvascular blood volume, and lowered insulin's ability to reduce AIx and reflection magnitude. In multivariate regression, insulin-mediated muscle microvascular perfusion was independently associated with insulin-mediated FMD and cfPWV.

Conclusion

Clinically relevant elevation of plasma FFA concentrations induces pan-arterial insulin resistance, the vascular insulin resistance outcomes are interconnected, and insulin-mediated muscle microvascular perfusion associates with cardiovascular disease predictors. Our data provide biologic plausibility whereby a causative relationship between FFAs and cardiovascular disease could exist, and suggest that further attention to interventions that block FFA-mediated vascular insulin resistance may be warranted.
The pathogenicity of blood stream and central nervous system forms of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense trypanosomes in laboratory mice: a comparative study
Authors: Ndungu Kariuki , Thuita John , Murilla Grace , Kagira John , Auma Joanna , Mireji Paul , Ngae Geoffrey , Okumu Paul , Gitonga Purity , Guya Samuel , Mdachi Raymond
Published: November 2023

Background: Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) develops in two stages namely early stage when trypanosomes are found in the blood and late stage when trypanosomes are found in the central nervous system (CNS). The two environments are different with CNS environment reported as being hostile to the trypanosomes than the blood environment. The clinical symptoms manifested by the disease in the two environments are different. Information on whether blood stream are pathologically different from CNS trypanosomes is lacking. This study undertook to compare the inter-isolate pathological differences caused by bloodstream forms (BSF) and central nervous system (CNS) of five Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (Tbr) isolates in Swiss white mice. Methods: Donor mice infected with each of the five isolates were euthanized at 21 days post infection (DPI) for recovery of BSF trypanosomes in heart blood and CNS trypanosomes in brain supernatants. Groups of Swiss white mice (n = 10) were then infected with BSF or CNS forms of each isolate and monitored for parasitaemia, packed cell volume (PCV), body weight, survivorship, trypanosome length, gross and histopathology characteristics. Results: Amplification of SRA gene prior to trypanosome morphology and pathogenicity studies confirmed all isolates as T. b. rhodesiense. At 21 DPI, CNS trypanosomes were predominantly long slender (LS) while BSF were a mixture of short stumpy and intermediate forms. The density of BSF trypanosomes was on average 2-3 log-scales greater than that of CNS trypanosomes with isolate KETRI 2656 having the highest CNS trypanosome density. Conclusions: The pathogenicity study revealed clear differences in the virulence/pathogenicity of the five (5) isolates but no distinct and consistent differences between CNS and BSF forms of the same isolate. We also identified KETRI 2656 as a suitable isolate for acute menigo- encephalitic studies.
Experimental assessment of barely visible impact damage carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composite using ultrasound method
Authors: Tan Yee Vien , Lai Wei Liang , Saeedipour Hamid , Adul Majid Mohd Shukry , Goh Kheng Lim
Published: November 2023

Background Carbon fiber reinforced epoxy (CFRP) is susceptible to impact damage which could resulted in reduction of the mechanical properties. This paper studies the architecture of barely visible impact damage (BVID) to comprehend the extent of damage on quasi-isotropic CFRP laminates of varying thickness (i.e. 16, 24 and 32-ply laminates of 3, 4 and 5 mm respectively). Methods Quasi-static indentation is chosen to produce BVID on CFRP laminates, followed by using non-destruction evaluation method, namely conventional contact-type ultrasonic testing (UT) and C-mode scanning acoustic microscopy (C-SAM) method. Results The findings revealed (1) the size and shapes of the BVID on CFRP laminates, (2) no damage was found at the center of the impact point, and (3) the bridging between the point of impact to the outer damaged diameter due to the consequence of diverse orientation of carbon fiber strips which exhibit excellent mechanical properties before structural failure. Conclusions The results concluded that the UT and C-SAM method can identify both the pristine region and the internal damaged structures in CFRP laminates.
THE EFFECT OF APPARENT CRACK-TIP ON PREDICTIVE CAPABILITIES OF RESIN INFUSED COMPOSITE ELEMENTS UNDER PULL-OFF LOADING
Authors: JUSTUSSON BRIAN , SMITH BRIAN , SHONKWILER BRIAN , KNOTH PHILIP
Published: November 2023

It is often seen that the nature of delamination and disbond in composite structures is different than that observed within coupon-level experiments that are used to design the structure. These effects are exacerbated in non-unidirectional tape composite laminates in which the local architectures can influence the crack growth behavior. For these materials, the assumptions of linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) are challenged by the influence of the hierarchical nature of the material resulting in disparate apparent crack growth behavior. In this paper, resin infused and stitched resin infused sub-element models are compared to experimental data to study the effects of apparent crack tip behavior on predictive capability of the model.
EFFECT OF HEAT CURING TEMPERATURE FOR CFRP FABRICATED BY ELECTRODEPOSITION RESIN MOLDING METHOD
Authors: ISLAM MD TANSIRUL , HONDA SHINYA , KATAGIRI KAZUAKI , SASAKI KATSUHIKO , TAKEDA RYO
Published: November 2023

The new electrodeposition resin molding (EDRM) technique is regarded as a rapid and effective way to produce composite materials. In this study, the composite preparation was done using this technique. The heat curing stage is one of the key steps in this process. The optimization of the many conditions was required because it is a new method. The major objective of this study is to establish the ideal heat curing temperature and time for producing CFRP of the highest grade. In this investigation, two alternative temperature profiles were used. One measured 215°C, the other 230°C. Three different heat curing times—4 hours, 6 hours, and 8 hours—were used for each profile. Static and dynamic characteristics of the prepared CFRP were assessed to determine the impact of these heat curing temperatures and treatment times. Fourpoint bending tests were done for the static properties, and vibration tests were done for the dynamic qualities to determine the natural frequency and damping. Even though the various heat treatment methods had little impact on vibration characteristics, they had a big impact on bending qualities. The specimens that were held in the oven for 8 hours at 215°C to produce the highest bending strength, however at 230°C, the maximum bending strength was found when it was kept for 6 hours in the oven for treatment.
EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL STUDY FOR HAT-STIFFENER SEPARATION DURING LOW VELOCITY IMPACT
Authors: SEAMONE ANDREW A. , LIN SHIYAO , WAAS ANTHONY M. , RANATUNGA VIPUL
Published: November 2023

Barely Visible Impact Damage (BVID) is known to be a potential hazard to composite structures which are prevalent in the aerospace industry. Low Velocity Impact (LVI) events can cause composite structures to undergo large deformations and experience delamination between laminae which reduces their compression load carrying capability. Understanding the driving factors for this damage event is essential for safe design of composite structures. Physical experiments on complex composite structures are expensive and there is a constant effort in the industry to develop accurate numeric models that capture delamination events. In addition to LVI events that cause interlaminar delamination, it is also important to study the failure that occurs between composite structures that are bonded together. In this study, the interface delamination between a hat stiffener and a composite skin coupon under impact loading will be investigated. The hat stiffener and skin are made of IM7/977-3 material and are co-cured during the manufacturing process. The goal of the experiments is to understand the method in which debonding occurs in a physical sense to assist numerical modeling efforts. Dynamic tests are compared to static tests to observe the effect of force oscillations during the experiment. A finite element model was developed to recreate both static and dynamic experiments. The numerical model serves to provide additional insights regarding the failure events occurring in the hat stiffened coupon.
Empowering future surgeons: a workshop bridging the gap between graduation and the operating room
Authors: Boyle Mark , Mroczek Thomas J , Thu Khine , Byrne Aodhan , Blackmore Alexander
Published: November 2023

Aims/Background

Feedback from foundation trainees in Blackpool highlighted low levels of confidence with the prospect of surgical on-call shifts. Key areas of concern were assessing and managing the acute surgical patient, identifying which patients need an operation and having the technical skills to proficiently assist in theatre. This lack of confidence prevents trainees engaging in what should be an educational and rewarding rotation.

Methods

The authors designed and facilitated a day of workshops, addressing these key educational needs. Bespoke to the trust's services, lectures were delivered by core surgical trainees on the assessment and management of acute surgical patients in general surgery, urology and trauma and orthopaedics. For the development of technical skills, an afternoon of surgical skills workshops covered suturing, knot tying, laparoscopic principles and theatre etiquette. Small groups of foundation trainees rotated through each workshop, delivered by surgical registrars (ST3+), to ensure high fidelity training.

Results

Pre- and post-course questionnaires assessed the efficacy of teaching. Out of a total of 72 foundation trainees, 55 attended the teaching day, of which 45 (81.8%) completed pre- and post-course surveys using a six-point modified Likert scale. Rates for satisfactory confidence levels while on-call improved from 66 to 100% of participants after the course. Suturing skills satisfaction rose from 37.5 to 100%, among other impact markers.

Discussion

All trainees that attended the course displayed a marked improvement. This course is now being incorporated into foundation teaching programmes at a regional level and has scope to be expanded nationally.
Cli-fi and the Future of the Novel: Building on Helena Feder’s “Ecocriticism and Biology” Special Issue
Authors: Estok Simon C.
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT: The topic of climate change is epic in every sense of the word. Established conventions of the novel simply may not be equal to the task of representing the enormity of the issues we currently face, and climate change fiction authors are radically refashioning the novel. Kim Stanley Robinson’s The Ministry for the Future shakes the genre with its innumerable narrators and points of view, nonlinear narratives, radically weakened characterizations, dizzying narrative jolts and spasms, and its wealth of mechanically scripted hard science. In The Hungry Tide , Amitav Ghosh offers a more engaging narrative with a more passive science that listens not only to the data but also to local knowledges. Drawing on the work of Vandana Shiva and Macarena Gómez-Barris and building in the spaces opened up by the 2010 Configurations issue “Ecocriticism and Biology” (one of which has come to be known as “the blue humanities”), this article shows that how we conceptualize science will in large part determine the impact of the narrativization of scientific data on literary genres. Focusing on a facet of “the blue humanities,” this article argues that increasingly, there is serious attention—in both theoretical and fictional work dealing with climate change—to questions about what happens to biological systems and microfauna when aquatic systems are disrupted, to ways in which our oceans are becoming slimy, and to what our responses to this sliming may mean, questions that are vital to how we will proceed and how literary genres will fare.
Liquid crystal wavefront correction based on improved machine learning for free-space optical communication
Authors: Guo Hongyang , Tang Wei , Wang Zihao , Yuan Liangzhu , Li Yang , He Dong , Wang Qiang , Huang Yongmei
Published: November 2023

In order to suppress the impact of atmosphere turbulence on the space laser communication link, the wavefront correction technology of a liquid crystal spatial light modulator (LCSLM) is studied. Combining with the control mode of the LCSLM, we propose an improved deep learning approach that restores the input image features into the wavefront and then controls the LCSLM to compensate for the phase distortion. This method does not have Zernike coefficient truncation and does not require the calculation of coefficient matrices, thus improving the accuracy and efficiency of the algorithm. At the same time, as for its powerful phase fitting ability, the LCSLM can be used as a turbulence simulator to construct datasets. During the training process of the neural networks, a calibration between the LCSLM and deep learning is established. Finally, a spatial optical coupling experimental system is built. The results show that, under different atmospheric conditions, the liquid crystal wavefront correction method has a significant improvement in terminal coupling efficiency and has certain application prospects in the field of free-space optical communication.
Terahertz pulse generation by multi-color laser fields with linear versus circular polarization: erratum
Authors: Stathopulos Alexandre , Skupin Stefan , Bergé L.
Published: November 2023

We present an erratum to our Letter [Opt. Lett. 46, 5906 (2021)10.1364/OL.442519]. This erratum corrects the caption of Fig. 2, which contains confusing information. This correction does not affect any of the results or the conclusions of the original Letter.
Botswana tuberculosis (TB) stakeholders broadly support scaling up next-generation whole genome sequencing: Ethical and practical considerations for Botswana and global health
Authors: Molldrem Stephen , Bagani Sedilame , Subrahmanyam Vishnu , Permar Rebecca , Matsiri Ogopotse , Caiphus Cynthia , Kizito Balladiah , Modongo Chawangwa , Shin Sanghyuk S.
Published: November 2023

Global health agencies are increasingly promoting the scale-up of next-generation whole genome sequencing (NG-WGS) of pathogens into infectious disease control programs, including for tuberculosis (TB). However, little is known about how stakeholders in low-to-middle income countries (LMICs) understand the ethics, benefits, and risks of these proposals. We conducted a qualitative study in Greater Gaborone, Botswana to learn how TB stakeholders there viewed a potential scale-up of NG-WGS into Botswana’s TB program. We conducted 30 interviews and four deliberative dialogues with TB stakeholders based in Greater Gaborone, the country’s largest city and capital. We created and showed participants an animated video series about a fictional family that experienced TB diagnosis, treatment, contact tracing, and data uses that were informed by NG-WGS. We analyzed transcripts using reflexive thematic analysis. We found broad support for the scale-up of TB NG-WGS in Botswana, owing to perceived benefits. Support was qualified with statements about ensuring adequate planning, resource-allocation, community and stakeholder engagement, capacity-building, and assessing ethical norms around publishing data. Our results suggest that scaling up NG-WGS for TB in Botswana would be supported by stakeholders there, contingent upon the government and other entities adequately investing in the initiative. These findings are relevant to other LMICs considering scale-ups of NG-WGS and related technologies for infectious diseases and suggest the need for sustained research into the acceptability of pathogen sequencing in other contexts.
COVID-19 preparedness and response in rural and remote areas: A scoping review
Authors: Dudley Lilian , Couper Ian , Kannangarage Niluka Wijekoon , Naidoo Selvan , Ribas Clara Rodriguez , Koller Theadora Swift , Young Taryn
Published: November 2023

This scoping review used the Arksey and O’Malley approach to explore COVID-19 preparedness and response in rural and remote areas to identify lessons to inform future health preparedness and response planning. A search of scientific and grey literature for rural COVID-19 preparedness and responses identified 5 668 articles published between 2019 and early 2022. A total of 293 articles were included, of which 160 (54.5%) were from high income countries and 106 (36.2%) from middle income countries. Studies focused mostly on the Maintenance of Essential Health Services (63; 21.5%), Surveillance, epidemiological investigation, contact tracing and adjustment of public health and social measures (60; 20.5%), Coordination and Planning (32; 10.9%); Case Management (30; 10.2%), Social Determinants of Health (29; 10%) and Risk Communication (22; 7.5%). Rural health systems were less prepared and national COVID-19 responses were often not adequately tailored to rural areas. Promising COVID-19 responses involved local leaders and communities, were collaborative and multisectoral, and engaged local cultures. Non-pharmaceutical interventions were applied less, support for access to water and sanitation at scale was weak, and more targeted approaches to the isolation of cases and quarantine of contacts were preferable to blanket lockdowns. Rural pharmacists, community health workers and agricultural extension workers assisted in overcoming shortages of health professionals. Vaccination coverage was hindered by weaker rural health systems. Digital technology enabled better coordination, communication, and access to health services, yet for some was inaccessible. Rural livelihoods and food security were affected through disruptions to local labour markets, farm produce markets and input supply chains. Important lessons include the need for rural proofing national health preparedness and response and optimizing synergies between top-down planning with localised planning and coordination. Equity-oriented rural health systems strengthening and action on rural social determinants is essential to better prepare for and respond to future outbreaks.
Cefalea hipertensiva como forma de presentación de cáncer papilar de tiroides avanzado
Authors: Guadarrama González Francisco Javier , Bernal Tirapo Julia , Sánchez García Carmen , Yuste García Pablo , Ferrero Herrero Eduardo
Published: November 2023

El cáncer diferenciado de tiroides es el tumor endocrino más frecuente, con una incidencia en nuestro país de 7,4 por 100.000h. Su presentación clínica habitual es la de nódulo a nivel cervical. En muchas ocasiones es asintomático y se diagnóstica incidentalmente en estudios radiológicos (ecografía o Tomografía Computarizada) realizados por “screening” o por otras indicaciones médicas. Pocas veces el cáncer de tiroides debuta con sintomatología como disfonía o dificultad para la deglución, y aún más raramente como cefalea secundaria a hipertensión venosa por estenosis de vena yugular interna. Caso clínico: Presentamos el caso de un paciente varón de 21 años que consulta por cefalea intensa, resistente a analgesia habitual, como única sintomatología. En la exploración física se evidencian nódulos adenopáticos submandibulares y supraclaviculares izquierdos, por lo que se realiza TC cervicotorácico que informa de la presencia de un nódulo tiroideo izquierdo de 3,5 cm de diámetro y múltiples adenopatías en ambas cadenas yugulares, junto con múltiples nódulos subcentimétricos pulmonares, como hallazgos radiológicos de enfermedad diseminada de origen tiroideo. Discusión: La cefalea secundaria a estenosis de la vena yugular debido a trombosis se manifiesta de forma aguda con sintomatología acompañante como vómitos y alteraciones de la visión. En cambio, cuando se debe a compresión extrínseca por crecimiento paulatino de masas cervicales o adenopatías, la cefalea se manifiesta más indolente y crónica que puede desaparecer tras compensación del retorno venoso del lado contralateral o por circulación colateral.
Synthesis and Computational Study of Bis-(1-(3-Chlorobenzoyl)-3-Phenylthiourea) Cobalt (III) as Anticancer Candidate
Authors: Ruswanto Ruswanto , Khasanah Nisa Uswatun , Wardani Gatut Ari , Mardianingrum Richa
Published: November 2023

Cancer is a disease characterized by cells forming abnormally so that a buildup can cause lumps. Drug compounds used for anticancer treatment by chemotherapy become a severe problem because they have dangerous side effects and can affect patient’s quality of life. This study aims to discover new drug compounds with lowered toxicity effects. This was achieved by modifying their structures through synthesis, characterization, and estimating the interactions of the synthesized compounds with specific target receptors, utilizing a docking method. The result obtained was a synthesis yield of 36.2%. The characterization of complex compounds was characterized by the presence of a maximum wavelength of 273 nm and a molecular weight of 652 g/mmol, indicating the absorption of Co-O and Co-S at respective wavenumbers of 498 cm-1 and 604 cm- 1. The docking results showed that the Bis-(1-(3-Chlorobenzoyl)-3-Phenylthiourea) Cobalt (III) complex had the best activity on human estrogen receptor alpha (hER alpha) with a binding affinity value of - 9.40 kcal/mol and an inhibition constant of 0.129 M, which was lower than the comparison compound (cisplatin) and had a better pharmacokinetic profile than cisplatin. This study shows that the Bis-(1-(3-Chlorobenzoyl)-3-Phenylthiourea) Cobalt (III) complex is predicted to have potential as an anticancer candidate.
What Obstacles Stands in the Way of the Achievement of Socialism
Authors: Jossa Bruno
Published: November 2023

The aim of this paper is to show that a system of democratically managed firms is the model of socialism best tailored to human nature. From the author’s perspective, considering that the retention of markets in such a system allows selfish drives of individuals to act themselves out to the full, its establishment would come up against fewer obstacles than those standing in the way of the creation of a centrally planned one. An additional thesis advanced in the paper is that that the process leading to the advent of such a system can be looked upon as a socialist revolution consistent with the principles of Darwinian evolutionism.
A Political Economy of Public Policymaking and Underdevelopment in Postcolonial African States: A Marxian Perspective
Authors: Masumbe Peter Sakwe
Published: November 2023

Debates over who makes public policy in postcolonial African states are lengthy, spanning from 1960s until now, even as such debates prompt pernicious human underdevelopment in this region. Driven by these unfinished debates’ impervious outcomes - the impoverishment of postcolonial Africans, this paper uses the Marxian political economy perspective to determine the mischievous insights arising from these debates, which prod irrational policymaking. It argues that, although policymaking is par excellence the impeccable and inescapable normal government activity and an important political instrument for exerting exhilarating or doldrums societies, it is fraught with inequitably precarious, intricate and dispute-prone processes for mobilising, distributing  and allocating resources in societies. Consequently, the paper examines this activity’s shortcomings, not only through the cognitive capacities or incapacities of government officials, but through subjective irrational groups’ interests. Using the rational-comprehensive theory of policymaking, it concludes that, even as policymaking is estranged by malicious contestations through soft or hard power from competing forces with undemocratic claims over rights and resources, the Marxian political economy perspective and rational-comprehensive model can dependably ensure  the region’s equitable development rather than underdevelopment.