bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrated Green DWDM Photonics For Next-Gen High-Performance Computing
Authors: Liang Di , Kurczveil Geza , Huang Zhihong , Wang Binhao , Descos Antoine , Srinivasan Sudharsanan , Hu Yingtao , Zeng Xiaoge , Sorin Wayne V. , Cheung Stanley , Liu Songtao , Sun Peng , Van Vaerenbergh Thomas , Fiorentino Marco , Bowers John E. , Beausoleil Raymond G.
Published: March 2020

We discuss our strategy to build a dense wavelength division multiplexing optical transceiver to enable high energy efficiency, scalable bandwidth, low latency data communication, and low-cost photonic integration simultaneously for high-performance computing applications.
Joint Optimization of Coding, Shaping and Clipping for Amplifier-Less Coherent Optical Systems
Authors: Lorences-Riesgo Abel , Guiomar Fernando P. , Oliveira Beatriz M. , Medeiros Maria C. R. , Monteiro Paulo P.
Published: March 2020

We experimentally demonstrate that performance of amplification-less coherent optical systems can be significantly improved by a joint optimization of FEC coding overhead, modulation order, shaping distribution and signal clipping, enabling power budget gains of >1 dB.
Parallel Bisection-based Distribution Matching for Probabilistic Shaping
Authors: Fu Mengfan , Liu Qiaoya , Zeng Xiaobo , Wu Yiwen , Yi Lilin , Hu Weisheng , Zhuge Qunbi
Published: March 2020

We propose a parallel bisection-based distribution matching for constant composition probabilistic shaping. The number of serial operations can be significantly reduced without performance loss, making it a suitable architecture for large block lengths.
Mitigating Fiber Nonlinearities by Short-length Probabilistic Shaping
Authors: Fehenberger Tobias , Griesser Helmut , Elbers Jörg-Peter
Published: March 2020

We show that short-length probabilistic shaping reduces nonlinear interference in optical fiber transmission. SNR improvements of up to 0.8 dB are obtained. The shaping gain vanishes when interleaving is employed and not undone before transmission.
100-Gbps 100-m Hollow-Core Fiber Optical Interconnection at 2-micron waveband by PS-DMT
Authors: Shen Weihong , Du Jiangbing , Sun Lin , Wang Chang , Xu Ke , Chen Baile , He Zuyuan
Published: March 2020

2-micron waveband optical interconnection at record-high-speed of 100 Gbps/lane with 100-m hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber transmission is achieved. Mode-dependent bandwidth restriction is well optimized by probabilistically shaped discrete multi-tone (PS-DMT) modulation.
Electro-Optic Frequency Response Shaping in High Speed Mach-Zehnder Modulators
Authors: Breyne L. , Lambrecht J. , Verplaetse M. , Yin X. , Roelkens G. , Ossieur P. , Bauwelinck J.
Published: March 2020

We demonstrate a simple technique to shape the electro-optic frequency response of high-speed TW-MZMs. C-band transmission of 56Gb/s NRZ over 3km SSMF shows 5dB power-penalty improvement at KP4-FEC between a standard and shaped MZM design.
Adaptive DNN Model Partition and Deployment in Edge Computing-enabled Metro Optical Interconnection Network
Authors: Liu Mingzhe , Li Yajie , Zhao Yongli , Yang Hui , Zhang Jie
Published: March 2020

A DNN model partition and deployment algorithm is proposed between edge nodes and cloud in metro optical network. Simulation results show that the algorithm can deploy more DNN tasks with the same network resource.
Lifetime Prediction of 1550 nm DFB Laser using Machine learning Techniques
Authors: Abdelli Khouloud , Rafique Danish , Grießer Helmut , Pachnicke Stephan
Published: March 2020

A novel approach based on an artificial neural network (ANN) for lifetime prediction of 1.55 µm InGaAsP MQW-DFB laser diodes is presented. It outperforms the conventional lifetime projection using accelerated aging tests.
High-Performance Microring-Assisted Space-and-Wavelength Selective Switch
Authors: Huang Yishen , Cheng Qixiang , Rizzo Anthony , Bergman Keren
Published: March 2020

We introduce a novel design of space-and-wavelength selective switch using microring-assisted Mach-Zehnder interferometers. A 2×2×2 λ elementary switch block is demonstrated with full spatial and wavelength switching capabilities, showing 20dB crosstalk suppression and 19dB extinction ratio.
Optical Node Disaggregation Management and Interoperability
Authors: Riccardi Emilio , Schiano Marco
Published: March 2020

This work gives a high-level overview of the maturity and open issues of the disaggregation approach as applied to WDM transport network eco-system.
Long-Haul DMD-Unmanaged 6-Mode-Multiplexed Transmission Employing Cyclic Mode-Group Permutation
Authors: Shibahara Kohki , Mizuno Takayuki , Ono Hirotaka , Nakajima Kazuhide , Miyamoto Yutaka
Published: March 2020

We demonstrate a long-haul 6-mode-multiplexed WDM transmission with a record reach of 3250 km. Newly-developed mode-group permutation technique mitigated modal-dispersion-impact by > 70%. We also show diversity-enhanced MIMO transmission extending the achievable reach over 9000 km.
Simple-Structure LC-Type Multi-Core Fiber Connector with Low Insertion Loss
Authors: Morishima Tetsu , Manabe Ken , Toyokawa Shuhei , Nakanishi Tetsuya , Sano Tomomi , Hayashi Tetsuya
Published: March 2020

We demonstrated a single-fiber multi-core fiber (MCF) connector without additional or high-precision parts for rotational alignment. Fabricated MCF connectors achieved low insertion loss of 0.07 dB in average and passed Telcordia GR-326-CORE mechanical reliability test.
Optoelectronic Glass Substrates for Co-packaging of Optics and ASICs
Authors: Brusberg Lars , Zakharian Aramais R. , Kocabas S. Ekin , Grenier Jason R. , Terwilliger Chad C. , Evans Alan F.
Published: March 2020

A glass packaging substrate with integrated waveguides and evanescent couplers for silicon photonic chiplets is introduced for fiber to chip interconnects with high-channel counts required for co-packaging of optics and switch ASICs in next-generation datacenters.
5.2dB Sensitivity Enhancement in 25Gbps APD-Based Optical Receiver Using Dynamic Biasing
Authors: Zarkesh-Ha Payman , Efroymson Robert , Fuller Earl , Campbell Joe C. , Hayat Majeed M.
Published: March 2020

First demonstration of dynamically biased 25Gbps avalanche photodiode-based receiver operating at 1.55 μm is reported. A 5.2dB improvement in receiver sensitivity and 10,000-fold reduction in bit-error-rate 25-Gbps are experimentally demonstrated using a commercially available InGaAs-InP APD.
Real-Time 28 Gb/s NRZ over 80 km SSMF in C-band using Analog Electronic Precompensation
Authors: Verplaetse M. , Breyne L. , Lambrecht J. , Yin X. , Ossieur P. , Torfs G.
Published: March 2020

We demonstrate real-time C-band transmission of direct detected 28Gb/s NRZ/OOK over 80km SSMF using a Dual-Drive MZM and custom-designed SiGe BiCMOS 5-tap analog FIR filters to compensate chromatic dispersion without digital signal processing.
Opportunities and Challenges When Using Low Bandwidth Optics for Higher Capacity PON Systems (Invited paper)
Authors: Gaudino R. , Torres-Ferrera P. , Wang H. , Valvo M. , Pagano A. , Mercinelli R. , Ferrero V.
Published: March 2020

Next generation PON physical layer, targeting 50 Gbit/s/lambda, has to deal with optoelectronics bandwidth limitation. In this invited paper, we review the resulting required bandwidths and discuss the trade-off between receivers with or without equalization.
Ultrafast Laser-Written Sub-Components for Space Division Multiplexing
Authors: Gross Simon , Ross-Adams Andrew , Riesen Nicolas , Leon-Saval Sergio G. , Withford Michael J.
Published: March 2020

The increase in Internet data demand has resulted in the development of novel optical fibers. Ultrafast laser inscription is a powerful tool to create 3D waveguide circuits that can interface with these new fiber types.
Improved Nd doped silica fiber for E-band amplification
Authors: Kiani Leily , Pax Paul , Drachenberg Derrek Reggie , Dawson Jay , Boley Charles , Mart Cody , Khitrov Victor , Yu Charles , Crist Robert , Cook Matthew , Schenkel Nick , Runkel Michael , Messerly Michael
Published: March 2020

Building on previous work, we have designed a Nd doped fiber for E-band amplification. Modeling results indicate a fiber design that is applicable to telecom amplifiers.
Single λ 500-Gbit/s PAM Signal Transmission for Data Center Interconnect Utilizing Mode Division Multiplexing
Authors: Zou Dongdong , Zhang Zixuan , Li Fan , Sui Qi , Li Jianping , Yi Xingwen , Li Zhaohui
Published: March 2020

Single wavelength 502.5-Gbit/s MDM-PAM-6 signal transmission over 20-m OM2 fiber with BER below HD-FEC threshold (3.8×10-3) is demonstrated for 400-G Data Center Interconnect without DSP for mode de-multiplexing. This scheme shows good potential for future 800-G/1.6-T DCI.
Performance Comparison of Coherent and Direct Detection Schemes for 50G PON
Authors: Zhu Yixiao , Yang Bo , Zhong Yiming , Liu Zheng , Guo Yong , Wey Jun Shan , Huang Xingang , Ma Zhuang
Published: March 2020

We investigate various coherent and direct detection schemes with 50Gb/s/λ NRZ signal through simulation. The receiver sensitivity, the influence of frequency offset, LO power, laser linewidth, and fiber dispersion are studied for each structure.
Real-Time Demonstration of 20-Gb/s QPSK Burst-Mode Digital Coherent Reception for PON Upstream under Clock Frequency Mismatch of 1.0 MHz
Authors: Iiyama Noriko , Fujiwara Masamichi , Kanai Takuya , Suzuki Hiro , Kani Jun-ichi , Terada Jun
Published: March 2020

We demonstrate real-time burst-mode coherent reception of 10-Gsymbol/s QPSK signals under 1.0-MHz clock frequency difference between Tx and Rx. Our sampling recovery proposal enables the dynamic range of 26.5 dB at BER of 10E-3.
A 25.6 Tbps capacity 1024-port Hipoλaos Optical Packet Switch Architecture for disaggregated datacenters
Authors: Terzenidis N. , Tsakyridis A. , Giamougiannis G. , Moralis-Pegios M. , Vyrsokinos K. , Pleros N.
Published: March 2020

We demonstrate experimentally the feasibility of a 25.6Tb/s capacity Hipoλaos optical packet switch architecture with 1024 in/out ports operating at 25Gb/s, presenting successful contention resolution and error-free operation with a control plane latency of 97.28ns.
Experimental Assessments of a Flexible Optical Data Center Network Based on Integrated Wavelength Selective Switch
Authors: Xue X. , Nakamura F. , Prifti K. , Pan B. , Yan F. , Wang F. , Guo X. , Tsuda H. , Calabretta N.
Published: March 2020

A novel bandwidth-reconfigurable optical DCN exploiting photonic-integrated WSS is experimentally assessed. Results show that optical bandwidth can be automatically reallocated according to the traffic patterns with 1.75µs end-to-end latency and 0.015 packet-loss at 0.6 load.
Ultra-efficient Optical Switching based on a Large Pockels Effect embedded in Silicon Photonics
Authors: Eltes Felix , Fompeyrine Jean , Abel Stefan
Published: March 2020

We have combined BTO with conventional silicon photonic platforms to enhance the performance of silicon photonics by exploiting the Pockels effect. We have demonstrated modulators, switches, and tuning elements with excellent performance exceeding that of silicon-based devices.
From the Acceptance of Turnkey Systems to Open Networks with G-SNR
Authors: Hartling Elizabeth Rivera
Published: March 2020

This tutorial will discuss collaboratively formed industry recommendations for characterizing Open Subsea Cables, with the intent of assessment, maximization and understanding of capacity potential, utilizing methodologies to test key parameters such as GSNR, among others.
Anomaly Localization in Optical Transmissions Based on Receiver DSP and Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Lun Huazhi , Liu Xiaomin , Cai Meng , Fu MengFan , Wu Yiwen , Yi Lilin , Hu Weisheng , Zhuge Qunbi
Published: March 2020

We propose a receiver DSP based scheme to localize WSS anomaly in an optical link. Through extensive simulations, we show that the accuracy reaches up to 96.4% with a good generalization performance.
300 Gb/s Net-Rate Intra-Datacenter Interconnects with a Silicon Integrated Optical Frequency Comb Modulator
Authors: Kong Deming , Xin Haiyun , Kim Kwangwoong , Liu Yong , Oxenløwe Leif K , Dong Po , Hu Hao
Published: March 2020

We propose and demonstrate intra-datacenter interconnects based on a silicon optical frequency comb modulator consisting of four cascaded microring modulators. The generated 4×50 Gbaud WDM-PAM4 signals exhibit BERs below 33% HD-FEC threshold after 2-km transmission.
A single-loop PT-symmetric sub-kHz fiber laser based on an integrated microdisk resonator
Authors: Fan Zhiqiang , Dai Zheng , Zhang Weifeng , Qiu Qi , Yao Jianping
Published: March 2020

A single physical loop parity-time symmetric sub-kHz laser based on a microdisk resonator is demonstrated. Single-mode lasing with a wavelength-tunable range from 1552.953 to 1554.147 nm and a linewidth of 640 Hz is achieved experimentally.
On the Workload Deployment, Resource Utilization and Operational Cost of Fast Optical Switch based Rack-scale Disaggregated Data Center Network
Authors: Guo Xiaotao , Yan Fulong , Exarchakos George , Xue Xuwei , Pan Bitao , Calabretta Nicola
Published: March 2020

We investigate operational performance of a novel rack-scale disaggregated network. Results show that the disaggregated network achieves 30.6% higher workloads acceptance rate, 12.9% higher resource utilization, and 33% more power saving compared with the server-centric.
81.37-Gbps 2×2 MIMO 60-GHz OFDM-RoF System Employing I/Q Nonlinear Compensation Filtering Algorithm
Authors: Xie Zhen-Xiong , Lin Bo-Jiun , Ding Pin-Xyuan , Tsai Tsung-Hung , Huang Ping-Yao , Wei Chia-Chien , Lin Chun-Ting
Published: March 2020

We demonstrate 2x2 MIMO 60-GHz RoF system with nonlinear compensation. The proposed I/Q Volterra nonlinear compensation not only improves data rate up to 81.37Gbps but also extends wireless distance to 42 meters with data rate of >70Gbps.
52.58-Gbps Fiber-Wireless 60-GHz 2×2 MIMO System Integrating Optical Mode Division Multiplexing and Wireless MIMO
Authors: Huang Ping-Yao , Li Wei-Ling , Tsai Tsung-Hung , Xie Zhen-Xiong , Chi Sien , Lin Chun-Ting
Published: March 2020

Optical LP01 and LP11 mode are utilized to carry 2×2 MIMO signals for 60-GHz wireless signals. The proposed system can achieve data rate of 52.58-Gbps for fiber-wireless system with 5-km FMF and 3-m air link.
Long-haul and High-speed Key Distribution Based on One-way Non-dual Arbitrary Basis Transformation in Optical Fiber Link
Authors: Lei Chao , Zhang Jie , Li Yajie , Zhao Yongli , Wang Bo , Gao Hang , Li Junjia , Zhang Mingrui
Published: March 2020

We propose a long-haul and high-speed key distribution based on one-way non-dual arbitrary basis transformation in optical fiber link. The key distribution rate of 277 Kbit/s with free key error rate is demonstrated over 300km.
Accelerating artificial intelligence with silicon photonics
Authors: Harris Nicholas C. , Braid Ryan , Bunandar Darius , Carr Jim , Dobbie Brad , Dorta-Quinones Carlos , Elmhurst Jon , Forsythe Martin , Gould Michael , Gupta Shashank , Kannan Sukeshwar , Kenney Tyler , Kong Gary , Lazovich Tomo , Mckenzie Scott , Ramey Carl , Ravi Chithira , Scott Michael , Sweeney John , Yildirim Ozgur , Zhang Katrina
Published: March 2020

As Moore’s law and Dennard scaling come to an end, new devices and computing architectures are being explored. The development of computing hardware designed to address the rapidly growing need for computational power to accelerate artificial intelligence applications has prompted investigations into both. While silicon photonics is typically viewed as a communications platform, we discuss its application to artificial intelligence and some outstanding challenges to be addressed.
Intelligent Computing with Photonic Memories
Authors: Miscuglio Mario , Yesiliurt Omer , Meng Jiawei , Prokopeva Ludmila J. , Zhang Yifei , Mehrabian Armin , Hu Juejun , Kildishev Alexander V. , Sorger Volker J.
Published: March 2020

Here we propose and emulate a photonic neural network whose neuron’s non-volatile weighting functionality is realized through an engineered hybrid Ge2Sb2Se4Te1-silicon Mach Zehnder modulator photonic memory with thermoelectrical programmability. The network can effortlessly perform inference tasks with high accuracy at the speed-of-light.
Interferometer-based Photonic Circuit Classifier Showing >90% Accuracy for Well-known Iris Dataset without Utilizing Nonlinear Activation Function
Authors: Cong Guangwei , Yamamoto Noritsugu , Inoue Takashi , Maegami Yuriko , Ohno Morifumi , Okano Makoto , Namiki Shu , Yamada Koji
Published: March 2020

We demonstrate that interferometer-based photonic circuits can perform classification by only phase control even without activation functions, which can classify well-known Iris dataset with >90% accuracy in simulation, showing simple photonic implementation for machine learning.
Candidate Technologies for Ultra-wideband Nonlinear Optical Fibre Transmission System
Authors: Galdino Lidia , Semrau Daniel , Bayvel Polina
Published: March 2020

This paper discusses the limitations, practicalities and possible technologies for accomplishing high-capacity broadband transmission systems beyond C+L EDFA bandwidth. It also provides a theoretical understanding of the contribution of different noise source limiting the overall system throughput.
More Than Communications: Environment Monitoring Using Existing Optical Fiber Network Infrastructure
Authors: Aono Yoshiaki , Ip Ezra , Ji Philip
Published: March 2020

We propose reusing existing optical cables in metropolitan networks for distributed sensing using a bidirectional, dual-band architecture where communications and sensing signals can coexist with weak interaction on the same optical fiber.
On the Sample Complexity of Phase-Retrieval Receiver Based on 2-D Arrayed Photodetectors
Authors: Yoshida Yuki , Umezawa Toshimasa , Kanno Atsushi , Inagaki Keizo , Yamamoto Naokatsu , Kawanishi Tetsuya
Published: March 2020

Sample complexity, or equivalently the required number of photodetectors, of a carrierless phase-retrieving coherent receiver is investigated numerically based on the experimental data; it can achieve comparable complexity to conventional coherent receivers.
Nonlinear Frequency Division Multiplexing: Immune to Nonlinearity but Oversensitive to Noise?
Authors: Civelli Stella , Forestieri Enrico , Secondini Marco
Published: March 2020

Detection strategies and modulation formats designed for the AWGN channel are not well suited to operate in the nonlinear frequency domain. We study some improved detection strategies and investigate the ultimate performance limitations of NFDM systems that map conventional linear modulations on the nonlinear spectrum.
Demonstration of an ultra-compact bend for four modes based on pixelated meta-structure
Authors: Xie Hucheng , Liu Yingjie , Li Wenxiang , Du Jiangbing , Yao Yong , Song Qinghai , Xu Ke
Published: March 2020

A multimode bend for TE0, TE1, TE2 and TE3 modes with a radius of 3.9 μm is demonstrated. The insertion loss is measured to be < 1.8 dB, and the crosstalk is below −17 dB.
Ultrabroadband Polarization Insensitive Hybrid using Multiplane Light Conversion
Authors: Fontaine Nicolas K. , Zhang Yuanhang , Chen Haoshuo , Ryf Roland , Neilson David T. , Li Guifang , Cappuzzo Mark , Kopf Rose , Tate Al , Safar Hugo , Bolle Cristian , Earnshaw Mark , Carpenter Joel
Published: March 2020

We designed, fabricated and tested an optical hybrid that supports an octave of bandwidth (900-1800 nm) and below 4-dB insertion loss using multiplane light conversion. Measured phase errors are below 3º across a measurement bandwidth of 390 nm.
25 Gb/s Transmission over 1-km Graded-index Single-mode Fiber Using 910 nm SM VCSEL
Authors: Juarez Adrian A. , Chen Xin , Li Kangmei , Himmelreich James , Hurley Jason E. , Mishra Snigdharaj K. , Fiebig Christian , Larisch Gunter , Bimberg Dieter , Li Ming-Jun
Published: March 2020

We investigate experimentally the feasibility of single-mode VCSEL transmission at 910 nm over a graded-index single-mode fiber and achieve a BER < 10−12 for a transmission distance of 1-km at 25 Gb/s.
Heterogeneous Photodiodes on Silicon Nitride Waveguides with 20 GHz Bandwidth
Authors: Yu Qianhuan , Gao Junyi , Ye Nan , Chen Boheng , Sun Keye , Xie Linli , Srinivasan Kartik , Zervas Michael , Navickaite Gabriele , Geiselmann Michael , Beling Andreas
Published: March 2020

We demonstrate InGaAs/InP modified uni-traveling carrier photodiodes on Si3N4 waveguides with 20 GHz bandwidth and record-high external (internal) responsivities of 0.8 A/W (0.94 A/W) and 0.33 A/W (0.83 A/W) at 1550 nm and 1064 nm, respectively. Balanced photodiodes have 10 GHz bandwidth.
Coherent Homodyne TDMA Receiver Based on TO-can EML for 10 Gb/s OOK with <40 ns Guard Interval
Authors: Schrenk Bernhard , Milovančev Dinka , Vokić Nemanja , Karinou Fotini
Published: March 2020

Graceful migration of an IM/DD transmitter towards a single-polarization, analogue coherent burst-mode receiver is experimentally demonstrated for 10 Gb/s on-off keying in TDMA mode, with 400 kHz frame rate and <40 ns guard interval.
Transmissive resonant fiber-optic gyroscope employing Kagome hollow-core photonic crystal fiber resonator
Authors: Suo Xinxin , Yu Haicheng , Li Jing , Wu Xudong
Published: March 2020

A novel scheme for a double closed-loop resonant fiber-optic gyroscope (R-FOG) employing a high-performance transmissive Kagome hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (HCPCF) resonator is proposed. We use specially designed Kagome HCPCFs and a meniscus lens module to form a resonator, whose finesse is 58.2 with a length of 5.6 m and a diameter of 13 cm; the theoretical sensitivity of the R-FOG is better than 0.05°/h. Based on the novel Kagome HCPCF resonator, a double closed-loop R-FOG is set up and the performance of the R-FOG system is experimentally studied. It demonstrates that white noise dominates in the output at the integration time of 200 s and a bias stability of 0.15°/h and angle random walk coefficient of

0.04

∘

h

1

/

2

are achieved. Over a dynamic range of

−

100

∘

/

s

to 100°/s, the scale factor nonlinearity of the FOG is 310 ppm, which shows significant improvement compared with the single closed-loop R-FOG system. The novel double closed-loop R-FOG proposed is quite feasible for tactical grade applications.
Ultra-large local field enhancement effect of isolated thick triangular silver nanoplates on a silicon substrate in the green waveband
Authors: Feng Huimin , Dong Jianjie , Wu Xianxin , Yang Fengyou , Ma Lijun , Liu Xinfeng , Liu Qian
Published: March 2020

The local field enhancement in plasmonic nanostructures is vital for surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). However, it remains a challenge to achieve a large local field enhancement at an illumination wavelength in the green waveband. Here we report on an ultra-large local field enhancement effect of isolated thick triangular silver nanoplates (ITTSNPs) on a silicon substrate at an illumination wavelength in the green waveband. We show that when the thickness of the ITTSNP is larger than a critical thickness depending on the illumination wavelength, a large local field enhancement with an enhancement factor (EF) greater than 350 can be achieved at an illumination wavelength in the green waveband, which is due to the excitation of strong localized surface plasmon polaritons only at three top apexes of the ITTSNP. Furthermore, we experimentally demonstrate that at an excitation wavelength of 514.5 nm, the average SERS EF of the ITTSNPs can exceed

10

11

, and the sensitivity for the detection of Rhodamine 6 G molecules can reach

10

−
12

M

.
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Sarcopenia Are Independently Associated With Cardiovascular Risk
Authors: Han Eugene , Lee Yong-ho , Kim Young Dae , Kim Beom Kyung , Park Jun Yong , Kim Do Young , Ahn Sang Hoon , Lee Byung-Wan , Kang Eun Seok , Cha Bong-Soo , Han Kwang-Hyub , Nam Hyo Suk , Heo Ji Hoe , Kim Seung Up
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVES:

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and sarcopenia have a close association with an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). This study investigated the influence of NAFLD and sarcopenia on ASCVD risk.

METHODS:

Data from the 2008–2011 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys database were analyzed (n = 7,191). The sarcopenia index was calculated using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Sarcopenia was defined as the lowest quintile sarcopenia index value (cutoffs = 0.882 for men and 0.582 for women). NAFLD was defined as a comprehensive NAFLD score ≥40. Liver fibrosis was assessed using the fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index. ASCVD risk was evaluated using American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines. High probability of ASCVD was defined as ASCVD risk >10%.

RESULTS:

The prevalence rates of NAFLD and sarcopenia were 31.2% (n = 2,241) and 19.5% (n = 1,400), respectively. The quartile-stratified ASCVD risk scores were positively associated with NAFLD and sarcopenia (all P for trend < 0.001). Subjects with both NAFLD and sarcopenia had a higher risk for high probability of ASCVD (odds ratio = 1.83, P = 0.014) compared with controls without NAFLD and sarcopenia. Among subjects with NAFLD, FIB-4–defined significant liver fibrosis and sarcopenia additively raised the risk for high probability of ASCVD (odds ratio = 3.56, P < 0.001) compared with controls without FIB-4–defined significant liver fibrosis or sarcopenia.

DISCUSSION:

NAFLD and sarcopenia were significantly associated with an increased risk of ASCVD in the general population. In addition, NAFLD with significant liver fibrosis and sarcopenia were significantly associated with an increased risk of ASCVD in subjects with NAFLD.
Altered Microbiota Diversity and Bile Acid Signaling in Cirrhotic and Noncirrhotic NASH-HCC
Authors: Sydor Svenja , Best Jan , Messerschmidt Insa , Manka Paul , Vilchez-Vargas Ramiro , Brodesser Susanne , Lucas Christina , Wegehaupt Annemarie , Wenning Chiara , Aßmuth Sophia , Hohenester Simon , Link Alexander , Faber Klaas Nico , Moshage Han , Cubero Francisco Javier , Friedman Scott L. , Gerken Guido , Trauner Michael , Canbay Ali , Bechmann Lars P.
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVES:

The precipitous increase in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is accompanied by a dramatic increase in the incidence of NASH-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC in NASH has a higher propensity to arise without pre-existing cirrhosis compared with other chronic liver diseases.

METHODS:

To identify the potential links between liver and gut in NASH-related hepatocarcinogenesis, we compared the gut microbiota and mediators of bile acid (BA) signaling in the absence or presence of cirrhosis through the analysis of stool and serum samples from patients with NASH non-HCC and NASH-HCC and healthy volunteers.

RESULTS:

Serum levels of total and individual BA were higher in NASH compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, serum levels of the primary conjugated BAs glycine-conjugated cholic acid, taurine-conjugated cholic acid, glycine-conjugated chenodeoxycholic acid, and taurine-conjugated chenodeoxycholic acid were significantly increased in cirrhotic vs noncirrhotic patients, independent of the occurrence of HCC. By contrast, serum FGF19 levels were higher in patients with NASH-HCC and associated with tumor markers as well as an attenuation of BA synthesis. Specific alterations in the gut microbiome were found for several bacteria involved in the BA metabolism including Bacteroides and Lactobacilli. Specifically, the abundance of Lactobacilli was associated with progressive disease, serum BA levels, and liver injury in NASH and NASH-HCC.

DISCUSSION:

Here, we demonstrate a clear association of the altered gut microbiota and primary conjugated BA composition in cirrhotic and noncirrhotic patients with NASH-HCC. Microbiota-associated alterations in BA homeostasis and farnesoid X receptor signaling, via FGF19, might thus contribute to fibrogenesis, liver injury, and tumorigenesis in NASH-HCC.
Combined Use of Common Fecal and Blood Markers for Detection of Endoscopically Active Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Mak Lung-Yi , Tong Teresa S. M. , Cheung Ka-Shing , Chen Li-Jia , Lui Ka-Luen , Lau Kam-Shing , Leung Wai K.
Published: March 2020

INTRODUCTION:

Monitoring of disease activity is essential in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Although endoscopic remission is the ideal therapeutic goal, noninvasive biomarkers (blood and fecal) are more acceptable to patients and are less costly. We evaluated the performance of combinations of fecal and blood markers on the detection of endoscopically active disease.

METHODS:

Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease (CD) on stable medications were recruited. Blood markers included C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), albumin, platelet count (PLT), and hemoglobin. Fecal biomarkers included fecal calprotectin (FCT) and fecal immunochemical test (FIT). These markers were compared with the endoscopic Mayo score for UC and the Simple Endoscopic Score for CD.

RESULTS:

One hundred thirteen patients (mean age 44.7 years, 63.7% men, 54.9% patients with UC and 45.1% patients with CD) were recruited. FCT correlated well with FIT (r = 0.58), CRP (r = 0.56), ESR (r = 0.40), albumin (r = −0.54), PLT (r = 0.61), and hemoglobin (r = −0.35; all Ps < 0.001). Among 66 patients with endoscopic evaluation, 39.4% with endoscopically active disease had higher FCT, FIT, CRP, ESR, PLT, lower albumin, and hemoglobin compared with those in endoscopic remission (all Ps < 0.01). All 7 markers demonstrated good area under receiver operating characteristics (>0.7), with FCT being the best (0.91) for endoscopically active disease. Combining FCT and FIT improved the specificity to 95%, but the sensitivity decreased to 65.4%. In the subgroup analysis of UC, adding PLT to FIT improved the sensitivity and specificity to 100% and 90.9%, respectively.

DISCUSSION:

The combined use of fecal biomarkers and blood indexes is superior to the use of fecal biomarkers alone in identifying endoscopically active disease.
Intérprete em formação
Authors: Loreto Sampaio Glória Regina
Published: March 2020

Este artigo trata do percurso preliminar da formação em interpretação. Após breve referência aos requisitos básicos e perfil desejável do futuro intérprete, serão focalizadas estratégias de ensino-aprendizagem integradas a uma abordagem de avaliação norteadora e formativa para o desenvolvimento das primeiras habilidades e saberes subjacentes e necessários à aquisição das competências específicas às diferentes modalidades interpretativas exigidas no exercício profissional.
MECHE'S HOUSE OR "BEING IN THE WORLD": A POST-DISASTER COMMUNITY BUILDING EXPERIENCE
Authors: Hinojosa Fernando , Villacís Enrique , Rodriguez Maria Lorena , Ayarza Cynthia
Published: March 2020

On April 16, 2016, Ecuador had suffered a 7.8 earthquake. The experience designing and building of Meche's house, a post-disaster alternative building process, is analyzed in this paper applying Martin Heidegger's concepts of Dwelling, Being in the World and Being There. These allow better understanding to the idea of housing in the community where the object is built, to visualize its most symbolic space, also it enables to see how the users of the built dwelling make it their own, the construction, form and materials despite that in the beginning of the construction process they did not accept them. This article tries to explain two questions: The house of Meche reflects its habitat: Where is it built? And how Meche, who is the homeowner, and the participants make the house and experience their own, in order to replicate the appropriate construction and resilience.
SEISMIC DESIGN EVALUATION OF LIQUID-FILLED STIFFENED STEEL CYLINDRICAL TANKS
Authors: Roopkumdee Wiriyachai , Mamaghani Iraj
Published: March 2020

This paper aims to estimate dynamic buckling loads of cylindrical liquid storage tanks. Finite element analysis is performed using ANSYS computer program. Twelve different geometries of the cylindrical tanks are analyzed with height to diameter (H/D) ratios of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 and the diameter to thickness (D/t) ratios of 1000, 1500, and 2000 to cover tall and short cylindrical tanks. The dynamic buckling capacities of cylindrical tanks filled with water up to 90% of their height are investigated in this study. The transient dynamic analysis is performed to find the dynamic buckling loads. Applied dynamic loads in this study are horizontal earthquake excitations in terms of acceleration (g) due to gravity. The transient dynamic analysis results indicate that the dynamic buckling loads decrease when the H/D ratios increase, and the dynamic buckling loads decrease when the D/t ratios increase. Design curves for the cylindrical tanks of various geometries subjected to earthquake accelerations are generated.
SEISMIC DESIGN OF FRAME STRUCTURES EQUIPPED WITH INNOVATIVE HYSTERETIC DISSIPATIVE DEVICES
Authors: Palermo Michele , Laghi Vittoria , Silvestri Stefano , Gasparini Giada , Trombetti Tomaso
Published: March 2020

In the present work, a Performance-Based Seismic Design procedure applied to multi-storey frame structures with innovative hysteretic diagonal steel devices (called Crescent Shaped Braces or CSB) is introduced. CSBs are steel elements of peculiar geometrical shapes that can be adopted in frame buildings as enhanced hysteretic diagonal braces. Based on their "boomerang" configuration and placement inside the frame structure, they are characterized by a lateral stiffness uncoupled from the yield strength and, if properly inserted, by an overall symmetric hysteretic behavior with hardening response at large drifts, thus preventing from global structural instability due to second-order effects. The procedure here presented is intended to guide the structural engineer through all the steps of the design process, from the selection of the performance objectives to the preliminary sizing of the CSB devices, up to the final design configuration. The steps are described in detail through the development of an applicative example.
STUDY OF THE COMPOSITE ACTION OF HOLLOWCORE PANELS USED IN GIRDER-SLAB SYSTEM
Authors: Roy Nathalie , Parent Serge , Barrière Mélissa
Published: March 2020

Floor construction with precast hollowcore panels produced by Lafarge Precast Edmonton results in a commonly used girder-slab system. Continuity between the elements is ensured by bent rebars and shear studs. Once all these elements are installed, a structural concrete is poured between the reinforced concrete panels and over the entire floor. The extent of composite action between the rigid diaphragm and the steel beams is not known. Therefore, its potential benefit is not taken into account in the current design procedures for the steel structure. The main components of this research project are the following: an experimental program consisting of a series of 6 large-scale shear tests were carried out. The outcome of this research shows that there is a potential for a composite action between a hollowcore plank and a standard hot rolled W shape. It was found that there is enough confinement to develop the steel stud strength when the beam is connected to the precast prestressed concrete panels using a 1/2" shear stud embedded between the planks and under two to three inches of concrete topping.
THE BASICS OF FIXED CONNECTION IN ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF STEEL FRAMES
Authors: Seniwongse Muangsangop
Published: March 2020

This paper is concerned with the out-of-date design criteria in the assumption of end boundary conditions in computer analysis and design of steel building frames in some sectors of heavy industry. The two major concerns are addressed: one is the use of pinned end for the steel column base plates whose details are fixed end, and the second is the use of pinned connection design of steel beam to steel column in lieu of using moment connection. A typical frame is shown for demonstration purposes. The typical connection details used are shown. The author presents the pinned and fixed connection definition with reference to AISC Specification for Structural Steel Buildings. Examples of actual pinned end and actual fixed end are shown with reference to actual structures. A simple structure of a single column traffic sign post with a cantilever beam at the top of the column was selected to demonstrate a fixed end column base and a beam to column moment connection. It is the aim of this paper to clarify this simple but significant concept of fixed connections of column base plates and moment connection of beam to column, which in turn will lead to significant savings in the construction of steel buildings.
USING ARABIC GUM IN PRODUCTION OF REFRACTORY BONDING MORTAR
Authors: Hasan Shatha , Eedan Osama , Azwz Katreen
Published: March 2020

Refractory bonding mortar is a specially-engineered blend consists of non-metallic materials that give the mortar unique heat-resistance and thermal characteristics for use in high-temperature applications. The goal of this study was to determine the performance of refractory mortar that produced from local raw materials in this study; Iraqi clays were utilized as raw materials while Arabic gum was used as adhesive materials. Three proportion mixes were applied, (96:4), (93:7), and (90:10) as (grog: kaolin binding material) and the burning temperatures for specimens were 1500°C. In the present research, some physical test such as the percentage of apparent porosity, bulk density, and specific heat are studied. Also, some mechanical properties such as compressive strength, binding strength, and dimensional stability are investigated. Finally, thermal conductivity and thermal shrinkage as thermal properties are also surveyed. All refractory bonding mortar produced in this study which has been used local materials have a good quality and it has all the characteristics of an economical product.
GLOBALIZATION AND CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT EDUCATION
Authors: Ataei Hossein
Published: March 2020

Globalization is the study of dramatic global changes and their consequences in different fields of economy, technology and communications during the past two to three decades. Similar to other industry sectors or professional practices, globalization has enabled the construction industry to take advantage of cross-border markets and benefit from the opportunities that the globalized economy has provided. Advances in transportation, data sharing and communication have given construction professionals and the labor force unprecedented access to markets that were previously insulated. As the political borders have turned to be increasingly irrelevant and the national economies have become more interdependent, the socio-cultural differences are hence accentuated and further exposed due to historically-existing dissimilarities in societal cultures and business norms. In this paper, the main goal is to understand the globalization and its implications for the world economy specifically focusing on the construction industry. This paper studies the impacts of globalization in construction engineering and management profession and further investigates on the opportunities and threats that a globalized economy and more-synchronized business practices will bring for industry and how Construction Engineering educators shall successfully address those unprecedented issues in teaching Construction Engineering Management courses to the next generation of the industry leaders.
CRACK PATTERN PREDICTION OF LATERALLY LOADED PANELS WITH OPENINGS BASED ON ANN METHOD
Authors: Wang Yongfei , Zhang Yu
Published: March 2020

In this paper, a Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) is used to predict crack pattern for masonry panels with opening subjected to lateral loading. The cellular automata method is used to digitalize the panels, including two steps-dividing a panel into a certain number of cells and calculating cell state values by use of a Von Neumann neighborhood model. These digitalized values are used as input data of NN model, respectively. All the experimental data is collected, including panel configuration, material property, opening ratio and location, state values, and crack pattern. The NN model is trained repeatedly, taking part of the data as a training set, to determine parameters, and the rest of the data is taken to check the model. Well-trained NN models can predict the crack pattern of any other panel. The results show that NN method is suitable for prediction of crack pattern. Comparing the two ways of prediction, the Fragility Coefficient Method gets a more precise pattern. The predicted cracks are distributed successively in some specific areas, especially in high similarity, compared with experimental crack pattern.
BIOCLIMATIC ANALYSIS OF MECHE'S HOUSE: A CONSTRUCTION ALTERNATIVE
Authors: Ortiz Mauro Cepeda , Flores Santiago Morales , Villacis Enrique
Published: March 2020

Meche's House is an alternative post-disaster construction, and this is the study of its bioclimatic approach showing that social and post-disaster buildings also need this kind of research. Tropical climate conditions lead to buildings having a high energy consumption for cooling loads. In Ecuador, the energy consumption of the residential area is 28.78% of final demand. Also, there is very little relevant information on the analysis of bioclimatic design in buildings, as well as specific analysis of interior comfort. The carried-out analysis process considered methods of bioclimatic evaluation, which mainly focuses on building the user's comfort. For this reason, in the first place, the site climatic conditions and possible passive intervention strategies were determined. Followed by the evaluation of natural ventilation with which it was possible to evaluate the effectiveness of natural ventilation through simulations in Computational Fluid Dynamics program. Furthermore, thermal comfort analysis using an Energy Plus program is used for comparing the internal temperature ranges versus indoor natural ventilation. Finally, the data is discussed under an adaptive comfort and user perception of satisfaction. This research confirms the need to carry out bioclimatic evaluations of projects conceived under a good line of architectural design, since only in this way will it be possible to demonstrate that the proposed considerations and strategies have positive or negative outcomes.
CASE STUDY COMPARISONS OF THE ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT ON SOCIAL HOUSING AFTER EARTHQUAKE
Authors: Davis Michael , Villacis Enrique , Rodriguez M. Lorena , Ayarza Cynthia , Davila Domenica , Fernandez Cristina , Jarrin Daniela , Nacevilla Josselyn , Vizcaino Javier
Published: March 2020

This research seeks to distinguish which factors influence the ecological footprint and what types of construction have the least environmental impact in a post-disaster social housing building. The first case study is a government social housing design, built with bamboo and concrete masonry blocks, and another design by Ensusitio, a private practice approach to social housing built with bamboo and earth. These houses were granted to victims of the April 2016 earthquake in the Ecuadorian coastal region. The investigation process was carried out based on primary research, which was used to understand how Ensusitio carried out the construction process of Meche's house and also based on a secondary investigation of government social housing. With this information, a comparison is made between them to determine which of the two has the least ecological footprint
DEVELOPING A METHODOLOGY FOR USING THE CONTINUOUS STRENGTH METHOD FOR BUILT-UP I-SECTION
Authors: Hossain Raquibul , Sakib Shadman , Alam Maleha
Published: March 2020

Built-up steel sections are widely used in the construction industry due to their wide range of compression resistance. The main objective of the study is to introduce an efficient and economic design methodology for built-up I-sections by using the Continuous Strength Method (CSM) equations. These I-sections are made from two C-sections with bolts spaced at a specific interval. This methodology includes the calculation of individual capacity of C-sections using the CSM base curve and conversion that to bolted I-sections by using I-section properties. The predicted capacities show that the modified application of CSM equations can predict compressive resistance with high accuracy for built-up I-sections. Though the effect of bolt spacing is not considered in this study, the proposed methodology paves the path for deriving CSM equations for built-up sections.
EFFECTS OF BAMBOO FIBERS AND LIMESTONE POWDER ON FRESH PROPERTIES OF SELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE
Authors: Ede Anthony Nkem , Oshogbunu Obatarhie , Olofinnade Oluwarotimi Michael , Jolayemi Kayode Joshua , Oyebisi Solomon Olakunle , Mark Oluwaseun Grace , Awoyera Paul Oluwaseun
Published: March 2020

Self-compacting concrete (SCC) flows through densely steel reinforced elements and consolidates under self-weight without need for vibration or compaction. This helps in complex and densely reinforced structures. The integration of fibers and fillers in concrete improves its general properties. The addition of fibers in particular can regulate the flow and workability of the concrete; hence, the high workable nature of SCC can be an ideal mix for the incorporation of fibers. This research investigates the effect of bamboo fibers and limestone powder on the fresh properties of self-compacting concrete. Bamboo fibers of an aspect ratio of 50 and varied volumes of 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1% were adopted for this research. The workability of the mix was assessed by slump flow test and V-funnel test. For fiber volumes of 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, it was observed that the coarse aggregate was evenly distributed across the spread, indicating good viscosity and stability of the mix. The presence of 10% percent limestone powder improved the workability of the concrete mix. This can be attributed to filler properties of limestone powder, which, affecting the cement particle system, changed the ordinary distance between them and modified the water quantity available for the hydration process. These results proved that the bamboo fiber and limestone powder can be sustainably adopted to regulate the flow-ability of SCC without compromising desired properties.
IMPROVING MARKETING FUNCTIONS THROUGH SOCIAL MEDIA PRESENCE AMONG CONSTRUCTION SMEs
Authors: Afolabi Adedeji , Ojelabi Rapheal , Tunji Olayeni Patience , Omuh Ignatius , Oyeyipo Opeyemi
Published: March 2020

With over 3.5 billion people connected to the internet, small and medium-scale (SME) construction businesses have the opportunity to enhance their customer base. The study assessed ways by which marketing functions of SME construction businesses can be improved through social media presence of the firms. The study used a quota-purposive sampling of construction businesses in Nigeria's mega city, Lagos State. The small and medium scale construction businesses comprised of consulting and contracting firms. Using a questionnaire instrument, the social media arm of the marketing unit of SME construction businesses was measured. Presentation of the data was carried out using pie charts and principal component analysis. The study identified two main critical success factors (CSFs)-Firm/Social Media characteristics and Security/Investment factor enabling the Social Media infrastructure for SME construction businesses. A focus on these entities would ensure the successful integration of social media marketing strategies in the traditional marketing functions of construction SMEs. The survival of SME construction business is hinged on the availability of customers which social media exposure helps attract and interact with potential customers. SME Construction businesses of the 21st century must align with the 'global village' trend of incorporating social media applications in their traditional marketing functions.