bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-Dose Chemotherapy With Autologous Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation in Metastatic Breast Cancer: Overview of Six Randomized Trials
Authors: Berry Donald A. , Ueno Naoto T. , Johnson Marcella M. , Lei Xiudong , Caputo Jean , Smith Dori A. , Yancey Linda J. , Crump Michael , Stadtmauer Edward A. , Biron Pierre , Crown John P. , Schmid Peter , Lotz Jean-Pierre , Rosti Giovanni , Bregni Marco , Demirer Taner
Published: July 2011

Purpose

High doses of effective chemotherapy are compelling if they can be delivered safely. Substantial interest in supporting high-dose chemotherapy with bone marrow or autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation in the 1980s and 1990s led to the initiation of randomized trials to evaluate its effect in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer.

Methods

We identified six randomized trials in metastatic breast cancer that evaluated high doses of chemotherapy with transplant support versus a control regimen without stem-cell support. We assembled a single database containing individual patient information from these trials. The primary analysis of overall survival was a log-rank test comparing high dose versus control. We also used Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusting for known covariates. We addressed potential treatment differences within subsets of patients.

Results

The effect of high-dose chemotherapy on overall survival was not statistically different (median, 2.16 v 2.02 years; P = .08). A statistically significant advantage in progression-free survival (median, 0.91 v 0.69 years) did not translate into survival benefit. Subset analyses found little evidence that there are groups of patients who might benefit from high-dose chemotherapy with hematopoietic support.

Conclusion

Overall survival of patients with metastatic breast cancer in the six randomized trials was not significantly improved by high-dose chemotherapy; any benefit from high doses was small. No identifiable subset of patients seems to benefit from high-dose chemotherapy.
Model for a Community-Based Exercise Program for Cancer Survivors: Taking Patient Care to the Next Level
Authors: Haas Barbara K. , Kimmel Gary
Published: July 2011

The Cancer Foundation for Life program provides a cost-effective and safe exercise program for persons with all types and stages of cancer that meets the recommended guidelines.
Dissemination of Quality-of-Care Research Findings to Breast Oncology Surgeons
Authors: Shiovitz Stacey , Gay Ashley , Morris Arden , Graff John J. , Katz Steven J. , Hawley Sarah T.
Published: July 2011

The Internet is a useful tool for providing relevant clinical research to providers, but in the future could be tailored to an individual's needs, aiding synthesis and, hopefully, improving the quality of clinical care.
Outcomes of Computerized Physician Order Entry in an Electronic Health Record After Implementation in an Outpatient Oncology Setting
Authors: Harshberger Cara A. , Harper Abigail J. , Carro George W. , Spath Wayne E. , Hui Wendy C. , Lawton Jessica M. , Brockstein Bruce E.
Published: July 2011

EHR/CPOE systems improve completeness of medical record and chemotherapy order documentation, as well as user satisfaction with the medical record system.
Electronic Health Record Certification in Oncology: Role of the Certification Commission for Health Information Technology
Authors: Miller Robert S.
Published: July 2011

The transparency and multidisciplinary nature of the CCHIT criteria development process ensure that certification is a meaningful and clinically relevant achievement for an EHR product.
A Financial Counselor on the Practice Staff: A Win-Win
Authors: Gesme Dean H. , Wiseman Marian
Published: July 2011

Patients with cancer are often burdened by financial stresses during treatment. The presence of a financial counselor can help alleviate these concerns for both patients and providers.
Investigation of the effects of critical process parameters of friction stir welding of polyethylene
Authors: Saeedy S , Givi M K Besharati
Published: July 2011

Friction stir welding is a solid-state method of joining thermoplastic materials. This paper studied the effect that varying process parameters (rotational speed, welding speed, and attack angle) had on the weld quality of polyethylene sheets. Experiments were performed at rotational speeds of 1000, 1200, 1400, 1600, and 1800 r/min, welding speeds of 12, 16, and 20 mm/min, and attack angles of 1° and 2°. A strength value of 75 per cent of that of the base material was achieved at the isolated optimum welding condition. Changes in the weld zone microstructure were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy. The observed microstructures were used to explain the reduced value of the strength.
Ribosomal proteins' association with transcription sites peaks at tRNA genes in Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Authors: De Sandip , Varsally Wazeer , Falciani Francesco , Brogna Saverio
Published: July 2011

Ribosomal proteins (RPs) are essential components of ribosomes, but several RPs are also present at transcription sites of eukaryotic chromosomes. Here, we report a genome-wide ChIP-on-chip analysis of the association of three representative 60S RPs with sites in the Schizosaccharomyces pombe chromosomes. All three proteins tend to bind at the same subset of coding and noncoding loci. The data demonstrate selective RNA-dependent interactions between RPs and many transcription sites and suggest that the RPs bind as components of a preassembled multiprotein complex, perhaps 60S or pre-60S subunits. These findings further indicate that the presence of RPs complexes at transcription sites might be a general feature of eukaryotic cells and functionally important. Unexpectedly, the RPs' chromosomal association is highest at centromeres and tRNA genes—the RPs were found at 167 of the 171 tRNA genes assayed. These findings raise the intriguing possibility that RP complexes are involved in tRNA biogenesis and possibly centromere functions.
A Multiattribute Sealed-Bid Procurement Auction with Multiple Budgets for Government Vendor Selection
Authors: Simon Jay , Melese Francois
Published: July 2011

This paper offers a new approach to government vendor selection decisions in major public procurements. A key challenge is for government purchasing agents to select vendors that deliver the best combination of desired nonprice attributes at realistic funding levels. The mechanism proposed in this paper is a multiattribute first-price, sealed-bid procurement auction. It extends traditional price-only auctions to those in which competition takes place exclusively over attribute bundles. The model is a multiattribute auction in which a set of possible budget levels is specified. This model reveals the benefits of defining a procurement alternative in terms of its value to the buyer over a range of possible expenditures, rather than as a single point in budget-value space. This new approach leads to some interesting results. In particular, it suggests that in a fiscally constrained environment, the traditional approach of eliminating dominated alternatives could lead to suboptimal decisions. Finally, an extension of the model explicitly examines the buyer's decision problem under budget uncertainty by applying a utility function assessed over the value measure.
Incremental Value of High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin T for Risk Prediction in Patients with Suspected Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Hochholzer Willibald , Reichlin Tobias , Twerenbold Raphael , Stelzig Claudia , Hochholzer Kirsten , Meissner Julia , Haaf Philip , Schaub Nora , Steuer Stephan , Bassetti Stefano , Reiter Miriam , Roost Kathrin , Freidank Heike , Winkler Katrin , Mueller Christian
Published: July 2011

BACKGROUND

High-sensitivity cardiac troponin assays have better analytical precision and sensitivity than earlier-generation assays when measuring cardiac troponin at low concentrations. We evaluated whether use of a high-sensitivity assay could further improve risk stratification compared with a standard cardiac troponin assay.

METHODS

We enrolled consecutive patients presenting with acute chest pain, 30% of whom were diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome. Blood samples were drawn at the time of presentation. We measured cardiac troponin T with a standard fourth-generation assay (cTnT) and a high-sensitivity assay (hs-cTnT) (both Roche Diagnostics) and followed the patients for 24 months.

RESULTS

Of the 1159 patients, 76 died and 42 developed an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Prognostic accuracy of hs-cTnT for death was significantly higher [area under ROC curve (AUC) 0.79, 95% CI 0.74–0.84] than that of cTnT (AUC 0.69, 95% CI 0.62–0.76; P < 0.001). After adjustment for Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) risk score (that included the cTnT assay result), hs-cTnT above the 99th percentile (0.014 μg/L) was associated with a hazard ratio for death of 2.60 (95% CI 1.42–4.74). Addition of hs-cTnT to the risk score improved the reclassification of patients (net reclassification improvement 0.91; 95% CI 0.67–1.14; P < 0.001). Subgroup analyses showed that this effect resulted from the better classification of patients without AMI at time of testing. hs-cTnT outperformed cTnT in the prediction of AMI during follow-up (P=0.02), but was not independently predictive for this endpoint.

CONCLUSIONS

Concentrations of hs-cTnT >0.014 μg/L improve the prediction of death but not subsequent AMI in unselected patients presenting with acute chest pain.
Experimental evidence of the potential use of erythropoietin by intranasal administration as a neuroprotective agent in cerebral hypoxia
Authors: Merelli Amalia , Caltana Laura , Lazarowski Alberto , Brusco Alicia
Published: July 2011

Stroke is a major human health problem without efficient available therapeutics. Ischemic brain injury can induce cell death as well as upregulation of endogenous adaptive mechanisms depending on the severity and duration of hypoxia, and the activity of transcription factors, such as hypoxia inducible factor 1-α (HIF-1α). HIF-1α induces gene expression as multidrug resistance (MDR-1) gene associated with drug-refractory phenotype, as well as erythropoietin (Epo) and erythropoietin receptor (Epo-R) associated with O2 supply. The spontaneous stimulation of the Epo/Epo-R system is not enough for brain protection. Therefore, administration of exogenous recombinant human Epo (rHu-Epo) was suggested as an alternative therapy in stroke. In several experimental models of brain hypoxia, Epo and Epo variants, including rHu-Epo, showed neuroprotective effects. Intranasal administration of these Epo-compounds can reach the central nervous system and protect the brain against ischemia, avoiding hematopoietic effects. However, it has been reported that high expression of Epo-R in neurons must be available to be activated by Epo. According to these considerations, intranasal delivery of rHu-Epo could be an interesting approach in the treatment of cerebral hypoxias avoiding both (i) adverse peripheral effects of treatment with Epo in stroke, and (ii) the pharmacoresistant phenotype depending on MDR-1 expression.
Drug interactions in African herbal remedies
Authors: Cordier Werner , Steenkamp Vanessa
Published: July 2011

Herbal usage remains popular as an alternative or complementary form of treatment, especially in Africa. However, the misconception that herbal remedies are safe due to their “natural” origins jeopardizes human safety, as many different interactions can occur with concomitant use with other pharmaceuticals on top of potential inherent toxicity. Cytochrome P450 enzymes are highly polymorphic, and pose a problem for pharmaceutical drug tailoring to meet an individual’s specific metabolic activity. The influence of herbal remedies further complicates this. The plants included in this review have been mainly researched for determining their effect on cytochrome P450 enzymes and P-glycoprotein drug transporters. Usage of herbal remedies, such as Hypoxis hemerocallidea, Sutherlandia frutescens and Harpagophytum procumbensis popular in Africa. The literature suggests that there is a potential for drug-herb interactions, which could occur through alterations in metabolism and transportation of drugs. Research has primarily been conducted in vitro, whereas in vivo data are lacking. Research concerning the effect of African herbals on drug metabolism should also be approached, as specific plants are especially popular in conjunction with certain treatments. Although these interactions can be beneficial, the harm they pose is just as great.
Grid vs Cloud — A Technology Comparison
Authors: Brandic Ivona , Dustdar Scharam
Published: July 2011

Cloud Computing represents a novel and promising approach for implementing scalable ICT systems for individual-, communities-, and business-use relying on the latest achievements of diverse research areas, such as Grid computing, Service oriented computing, business processes, and virtualization. From the technological point of view Grid computing is considered as the most related predecessor technology of Cloud computing. Although, Cloud and Grid computing differ in many aspects, as for example, in the general idea of the provision of computational resource, which is in Clouds commercial based and in Grids community based, there are many similarities. In this paper we investigate the similarities and differences between Clouds and Grids by evaluating two successful projects, namely for the provision of native hight performance copmputing applications as Grid workflows and for the self-management of Cloud infrastructures.
Composite as a Service: Cloud Application Structures, Provisioning, and Management
Authors: Fehling Christoph , Mietzner Ralph
Published: July 2011

Cloud computing and corresponding “as a service” models have transformed the way in which IT resources can be consumed. By taking advantage of the properties of the cloud — elasticity, pay-per-use and standardization — customers and providers alike can benefit from economies of scale, faster provisioning times and reduced costs. However, to fully exploit the potentials of the cloud, it is necessary, that applications, to be deployed on the cloud, support the inherent cloud properties. In this article we investigate how applications can be designed to comply with cloud infrastructures. We present a framework that allows modeling the variability within such applications regarding their structure, functional, and non-functional properties, as well as their deployment. Using these models the framework guides the user during the customization of an application, provisions it on available clouds, and enables common management functionality for cloud applications, such as elasticity, suspend, and resume.
Brilliant Cresyl Blue stain selects largest oocytes with highest mitochondrial activity, maturation-promoting factor activity and embryo developmental competence in prepubertal sheep
Authors: Catalá Maria Gracia , Izquierdo Dolors , Uzbekova Svetlana , Morató Roser , Roura Montserrat , Romaguera Roser , Papillier Pascal , Paramio Maria Teresa
Published: July 2011

The aim of this study was to test the Brilliant Cresyl Blue (BCB) stain to select prepubertal sheep oocytes forin vitroblastocyst production. Oocyte diameter, mitochondrial activity, maturation-promoting factor (MPF) activity and mRNA relative expression (RE) of genes related to metabolism (ATPase Na+/K+transporting α 1 (ATP1A1) and cytochromecoxidase subunit 1 (COX1)) and constitutive function of the cell (cytoplasmic polyadenylation-element-binding protein (CPEB) andS100A10) were assessed. Immature oocytes were exposed to different BCB concentrations (13, 26, 39 and 52 μM) and classified according to their cytoplasm colouration as grown BCB+ (blue cytoplasm) and growing BCB− (colourless cytoplasm). Staining oocytes with 13 μM BCB during 60 min allows selection of (BCB+) the largest (123.66 μm) and most competent oocytes to develop to the blastocyst stage (21%) with a higher number of cells (69.71±6.19s.e.m.) compared with non-stained BCB− oocytes (106.82 μm, 9% and 45.91±3.35s.e.m. respectively). Mitochondrial activity, assessed by MitoTracker Orange CMTMRos probe, was significantly higher in BCB+ than in BCB− oocytes afterin vitromaturation (3369 and 1565 AU respectively). MPF activity was assessed by CDC2 kinase activity assay showing significantly higher activity at metaphase II stage in BCB+ than in BCB− oocytes (1.479±0.09 and 1.184±0.05 optical density respectively). The genes analysed in this work,ATP1A1, COX1, CPEBand S100A10, did not show significant effect in mRNA RE between BCB selected oocytes. In conclusion, BCB stains larger and more competent oocytes to develop to the blastocyst stage with more active mitochondria and MPF activity and higher blastocyst cell number.
Evidence for Catch-up in Cognition and Receptive Vocabulary Among Adolescents Born Very Preterm
Authors: Luu Thuy Mai , Vohr Betty R. , Allan Walter , Schneider Karen C. , Ment Laura R.
Published: July 2011

BACKGROUND:

Very preterm adolescents display persistent deficits in neuropsychological functions.

OBJECTIVE:

To compare cognitive and language outcomes at 16 years and cognitive and receptive vocabulary trajectories throughout school years between very preterm and term children and to determine child and family factors associated with better developmental trajectories.

DESIGN AND METHODS:

At 8, 12, and 16 years, 322 very preterm children with birth weights of 1250 g or less and 41 term children had cognitive and language testing. Hierarchical growth-curve modeling was used to delineate the differences in cognitive and receptive vocabulary development between participants. Cluster analyses allowed for the characterization of very preterm children with different patterns of cognitive and receptive vocabulary development.

RESULTS:

At 16 years, very preterm adolescents had deficits in general cognition and higher-order language skills (phonological awareness and phonemic decoding) compared with term peers. Although the between-group difference in cognitive scores remained stable from 8 to 16 years, very preterm children demonstrated catch-up gains in receptive vocabulary during the same period. Moreover, subgroups of very preterm children displayed developmental trajectories in cognition similar to term children (55% on the vocabulary and 46% on the block-design subtests). These children had lower rates of neurosensory impairment and mothers with higher education and were from an ethnic nonminority.

CONCLUSIONS:

Significant catch-up in receptive vocabulary is observed by the age of 16 years among very preterm children compared to term peers. The absence of neurosensory impairment and residing in a favorable socioeconomic milieu are associated with the most optimal developmental trajectories.
Mother-Child Bed-Sharing in Toddlerhood and Cognitive and Behavioral Outcomes
Authors: Barajas R. Gabriela , Martin Anne , Brooks-Gunn Jeanne , Hale Lauren
Published: July 2011

OBJECTIVE:

We examined the predictors and consequences of mother-child bed-sharing at 1, 2, and 3 years of age in a racially/ethnically and geographically diverse sample of low-income families across the United States.

METHODS:

We analyzed data from 944 low-income families who had children assessed at 1, 2, 3, and 5 years of age.

RESULTS:

Mothers who were Hispanic and black were more likely to bed-share with children at ages 1, 2, and 3 years than other mothers. Maternal negative regard also predicted bed-sharing. Bed-sharing at ages 1 to 3 years was bivariately associated with poorer behavior and cognition at age 5 years. However, these associations lost significance when child and mother characteristics were controlled.

CONCLUSION:

There seem to be no negative associations between bed-sharing in toddlerhood and children's behavior and cognition at age 5 years.
Grandparents Driving Grandchildren: An Evaluation of Child Passenger Safety and Injuries
Authors: Henretig Fred M. , Durbin Dennis R. , Kallan Michael J. , Winston Flaura K.
Published: July 2011

OBJECTIVES:

To compare restraint-use practices and injuries among children in crashes with grandparent versus parent drivers.

METHODS:

This was a cross-sectional study of motor vehicle crashes that occurred from January 15, 2003, to November 30, 2007, involving children aged 15 years or younger, with cases identified via insurance claims and data collected via follow-up telephone surveys. We calculated the relative risk of significant child-passenger injury for grandparent-driven versus parent-driven vehicles. Logistic regression modeling estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for several child occupant, driver, vehicle, and crash characteristics.

RESULTS:

Children driven by grandparents comprised 9.5% of the sample but resulted in only 6.6% of the total injuries. Injuries were reported for 1302 children, for an overall injury rate of 1.02 (95% CI: 0.90–1.17) per 100 child occupants. These represented 161 weighted injuries (0.70% injury rate) with grandparent drivers and 2293 injuries (1.05% injury rate) with parent drivers. Although nearly all children were reported to have been restrained, children in crashes with grandparent drivers used optimal restraint slightly less often. Despite this, children in grandparent-driven crashes were at one-half the risk of injuries as those in parent-driven crashes (OR: 0.50 [95% CI: 0.33– 0.75]) after adjustment.

CONCLUSIONS:

Grandchildren seem to be safer in crashes when driven by grandparents than by their parents, but safety could be enhanced if grandparents followed current child-restraint guidelines. Additional elucidation of safe grandparent driving practices when carrying their grandchildren may inform future child-occupant driving education guidelines for all drivers.
Evaluation of Genetic Diversity and Population Structure ofPanonychus citri(Acari: Tetranychidae) in China using Ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 Sequences
Authors: Yuan Ming-Long , Wang Bao-Jun , Lu Fei , Hu Chen-Xiao , Wei Dan-Dan , Dou Wei , Wang Jin-Jun
Published: July 2011

The citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (McGregor) (Acari: Tetranychidae), has a world-wide distribution and is the most important citrus (Citrus spp.) pest in many countries, including Japan, Spain, and China. To characterize the population genetic structure of the citrus red mite, the genetic variation in 15 populations from three citrus-planting regions of China (citrus belt of upper and middle reaches of Yangtze River [UMYR], citrus base of Yungui Plateau [YGP], and citrus belt of South China [SC]) was investigated using the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1 region. These populations were characterized by high genetic diversity. Neutrality tests, mismatch analysis, and star-like network strongly supported the population expansion. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that no significant population genetic structure existed among UMYR, YGP, and SC. However, a significant global φST and the genetic structure were found between (UMYR + YGP) and SC. Pairwise φST values between most populations were not significant, and a high gene flow was found among some geographically distant populations. The significant influence of host plants on the genetic structure of P. citri populations was found by the AMOVA for five host-related groups. In addition, the Mantel test revealed that geographical isolation was a factor responsible for the genetic differentiation. Therefore, our current observed population structure of P. citri can be contribute to several factors together, i.e., ongoing gene flow, the retention of ancestral polymorphisms, and natural selection (e.g., host plants, acaricides).
Creep failure of geomaterials and its numerical simulation
Authors: Ezaoui A. , Tatsuoka F. , Duttine A. , Di Benedetto H.
Published: July 2011

It is shown that creep failure of geomaterials can be simulated by a non-linear three-component elasto-viscoplastic model. The model is described in the case of a single stress variable and the isotach viscous property type, although the model can be applied to more general three-dimensional stress conditions and viscous property types other than isotach. Various trends of viscous behaviour, including stress relaxation and creep deformation with and without creep failure, are illustratively simulated to show that creep failure is one specific aspect of the whole viscous behaviour that can be simulated by a single model. Creep failures observed in drained triaxial compression tests on compacted moist cement-mixed gravelly soil and saturated soft clay are simulated.
69.1: The Method and Mechanism of Optimizing Optical Performances of Polymer‐Stabilized Liquid Crystals Panels
Authors: Wu Kuo‐Hua , Yang Wei‐Chieh , Liang Ping‐Chun , Chen Maw‐Song , Huang Wei‐Ming
Published: July 2011

The method modifying optical performances of polymer stabilized vertical alignment (PSVA) LCDs is discussed in this paper. The mechanism and relationship between UV curing conditions and optical properties is also proposed. A PSVA panel with high contrast ratio and fast response time could be achieved by controlling the curing conditions during fabricating process.
70.2: Virtual Display: A Platform for Evaluating Display Color Calibration Kits
Authors: Cheng Wei‐Chung , Badano Aldo
Published: July 2011

We propose a method of evaluating the performance of color calibration kits for LCD monitors. Routine color calibration is imperative for critical applications that rely on color fidelity such as digital pathology and professional graphics. However, the commercially available products vary greatly in price and performance with no available evaluation standard. We propose the concept of Virtual Display, a universal display platform that emulates tone reproduction curves. A field programmable gate array board was used to process the video signals based on a preprogrammed look‐up table, which contains the tone reproduction curves of the target display. A spectroradiometer‐based and a colorimeter‐based color calibration kits were challenged by 8 virtual displays that have problematic tone reproduction curves. The results show that both color calibration kits offer only one‐dimensional lookup tables for each channel, which might be insufficient. We also spectrally characterized three real displays of different grades and derived spectral models for them. By using the virtual display and spectral models, evaluation of color calibration kits can be greatly simplified and standardized without the burden of optical measurement on target displays.
9.3: Control of Threshold Voltage in Back Channel Etch Type Amorphous Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide Thin Film Transistors
Authors: Lee Seung Min , Ryoo Chang Il , Park Jae Wook , Han Joonsoo , Kim Dae‐Won , Kim Yong‐Yub , Kang Im‐Kuk , Seo Kyung‐Han , Koh Young Ju , Han Dong‐Min , Choi Yong‐Ho , Seo Hyun‐Sik , Kim Bong Chul , Cha Soo Youle , Bae Jong‐Uk , Kim Chang Dong , Jun Myungchul , Hwang Yong Kee
Published: July 2011

Tuning the process pressure at the deposition of the passivation layers has been suggested in the way of controlling the threshold voltage of a‐IGZO TFTs, making it possible to employ gate driver integration. It has showed that Vth linearly changes with the pressure ΔVth/ΔPressure∼3.5V/100Pa. A 3.2 inch WVGA AMLCD with integrated gate driver circuits were successfully demonstrated using the enhancement mode BCE type bottom gate a‐IGZO TFTs.
72.2: Phosphorescent OLEDs: Enabling Solid State Lighting with Lower Temperature and Longer Lifetime
Authors: Levermore Peter A. , Dyatkin Alexey B. , Elshenawy Zeinab M. , Pang Huiqing , Kwong Raymond C. , Ma Ruiqing , Weaver Michael S. , Brown Julie J.
Published: July 2011

We present a pair of 15 cm × 15 cm all‐phosphorescent OLED light panels with high efficacy and extended operational lifetime. Panel 1 operates at 1,000 cd/m2 with power efficacy = 62 lm/W. At a higher luminance of 3,000 cd/m2, power efficacy = 49 lm/W, CRI = 82, CCT = 2,950 K and CIE 1931 (x, y) = (0.446, 0.417). Similar high efficacy performance is recorded for Panel 2, which has lifetime to LT70 ∼ 4,000 hrs at 3,000 cd/m2. Excellent lifetime is enabled by a new light blue phosphorescent materials system and by the use of efficient phosphorescent emitters that ensure very low panel temperature without any additional thermal management.
10.1: Invited Paper: Roll‐to‐Roll Flexible Display for e‐Paper Applications
Authors: Chen Janglin , Shiu Jyh‐Wen , Chiu Wan‐Wen , Tsai Chen‐Chu , Huang Chieh‐Yi
Published: July 2011

The flexible display we describe here has a simple structure on single substrate. Disclosed more than a year ago, the display has steadily been improved in performance, such as in reflectance, contrast ratio, and driving voltage. In addition, a thermal addressing method is developed for high resolution e‐paper application. A number of novel applications are also revealed in this report.
P‐7: Multilayered Integral Imaging with Improved Image Clarity
Authors: Ueda Yukio , Kakeya Hideki
Published: July 2011

This paper presents a new display design to attain bright and vivid 3D image by modifying composition of multilayer panels in CIVI, which combines volumetric solutions with multiview solutions based on integral imaging. Compact CIVI display that can present floating 3D image with larege depth and little vergence‐accommodation conflict is realized as a result.
10.3: Ultra low‐power Electrowetting‐based Displays Using Dynamic Frame Rate Driving
Authors: Giraldo Andrea , Massard Romaric , Mans Jurrien , Derckx Eric , Aubert Jo , Mennen Jan
Published: July 2011

Portable multi‐media devices with electrowetting‐based displays take advantage of the supreme optical performances and of the video capabilities of the screen. As described in this paper these displays benefit from the implementation of dynamic adaptive frame rate driving schemes, resulting in ultra‐low power consumption and extended battery life while maintaining the high level of image quality.
P‐19: Effect of Back Channel Passivation on the Operation Stability of Solution‐processed Transparent Oxide TFTs and Ring Oscillators
Authors: Kim Yong‐Hoon , Oh Min Suk , Kim Kwang Ho , Kim Hyun Jae , Han Jeong‐In , Park Sung Kyu
Published: July 2011

In this paper, the effects of back channel passivation on the electrical stability of solution‐processed zinc‐tin‐oxide thin‐film transistors (ZTO TFTs) and ring oscillators have been investigated. Based on solution‐processed ZTO TFTs, ring oscillators with an oscillation frequency up to 769 kHz were realized and it was found that the passivation layer had a strong influence on the operation stability of the ring oscillators.
P‐22: Realizing a New Pixel Circuit Design for Alleviating OLED Degradation in a 2.4 Inch AMOLED Panel
Authors: Lee Kuei‐Yu , Chang Jui‐Hsin , Chao Paul C. ‐P. , Chen Chiu‐Hao , Tsai Zon‐Tim , Lin Hong‐Shen , Chang Lee‐Hsun , Lin Yu‐Sin
Published: July 2011

This study proposes the pixel circuit of degradation alleviation realized in a 2.4 inch AMOLED panel. The panel is fabricated with the designs of panel supply signal and layout regulation. The OLED degradation measurements made possible by the newly‐fabricated panel are recorded and show good performance.
P‐26: Novel Driving Method to Reduce the Cost of Production and to Improve the Legibility of Text for Triple Rate Driving in Active Matrix Displays
Authors: Yun Sai Chang , Kim Min Hwa , So Byeong Seong , Oh Dae Seok , Heo Seung Ho , Park Yong Hwa , Nam You Sung , Jun Myung Chul
Published: July 2011

Driving Method on the panel is getting more important in LCD technology, because it can reduce the cost of source driver ICs and the number of module processes. Decrement of source driver IC can make cost competitiveness higher. In this paper, we have proposed a new driving method of advanced triple rate driving (Advanced TRD) which reduces the number of source driver ICs in notebook panel with HD (1366 X RGB X 768) resolution, with the same image quality compared to conventional data line sharing method (Conventional DLS) [1∼4]. In the Advanced TRD Structure, three neighboring pixels share one data line and become vertical stripe structure. By using this technology, we can reduce the number of source driver ICs by two thirds, compare to the conventional DLS. And it will be a technique to overcome the legibility problem of horizontal stripe TRD by simple changing the pixel rendering. We fabricated 13.3‐inch HD notebook panel which can be driven with two source driver ICs by using advanced TRD method.
P‐28: The Effect of AC Bias Frequency on Threshold Voltage Shift of the Amorphous Oxide TFTs
Authors: Kim Sun‐Jae , Lee Young‐Wook , Lee Soo‐Yeon , Woo Jong‐Suk , Kwon Jang‐Yeon , Han Min‐Koo , Lee Woo‐Geun , Yoon Kap‐Soo
Published: July 2011

We investigated AC bias stress instability of indium‐gallium‐zinc‐oxide (IGZO) Thin‐film transistors (TFTs). AC bias frequency dependence showed different aspect in IGZO TFTs and a‐Si:H TFTs. Influencing factors to AC bias frequency dependence of instability is charge accumulation characteristic under negative bias stress, and detrapping characteristics of shallow trapped charges under positive bias stress.
P‐202L: Late‐News Poster: Density‐of‐States Based Analysis on the Effect of Active Thin‐film Thickness on Current Stress‐induced Instability in Amorphous InGaZnO AMOLED Driver TFTs
Authors: Kong Dongsik , Jung Hyungkwang , Kim Yongsik , Bae Minkyung , Jeon Yong Woo , Kim Sungchul , Jang Jaemam , Kim Jaehyeong , Kim Woojoon , Hur Inseok , Kim Dong Myong , Kim Dae Hwan , Du Ahn Byung , Park Sei Yong , Park Jun‐Hyun , Kim Joo Han , Park Jaewoo , Lee Je‐Hun
Published: July 2011

The effect of the active layer thickness (TIGZO) on the constant current stress (CCS)‐induced threshold voltage shift (ΔVT) in amorphous InGaZnO (a‐IGZO) thin‐film transistors (TFTs) for AMOLED drivers is investigated by using a subgap density‐of‐states (DOS) model and simulation. The CCS‐induced positive ΔVT in a‐IGZO TFT with a thicker TIGZO is larger than that in a‐IGZO TFTs with a thinner TIGO. It is originated from more activated charge trapping (60∼80 % in total ΔVT) and DOS creation due to a higher surface electric field with a thicker TIGZO. Our results show that using thinner active layer in a‐IGZO TFTs is desirable for high performance and highly stable AMOLEDs if the quality of thin‐film bulk is guranteed irrespective of TIGZO.
P‐38: See‐through Optical Configuration with Transmitted H‐PDLC
Authors: Dai Hai Tao , Sun Xiao Wei
Published: July 2011

A near‐to‐eye see‐through optical configuration is proposed based on dual transmitted grating fabricated by interference in Holographic Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal (H‐PDLC), which provides compact, light, and low cost solution for see‐through display. The transmitted gratings attached at both the edge and center of the glass substrate acted as in‐coupling and out‐coupling elements respectively. A prototype with thick glass substrate for see‐through configuration was demonstrated, which could couple the incident successfully into substrate and then coupled the beam outward by the other grating.
11.2: A New Process for Manufacture of Low Voltage, Polymer‐Stabilized Blue Phase LCDs
Authors: Kubota Daisuke , Ishitani Tetsuji , Yamashita Akio , Yamagata Sachiko , Oe Yuko , Tamura Tomohiro , Ikenaga Makoto , Yamamoto Takahiro , Kato Momoko , Nakano Masaru , Hatsumi Ryo , Kubota Yusuke , Murakawa Tsutomu , Hayakawa Masahiko , Nishi Takeshi , Seo Satoshi , Hirakata Yoshiharu , Yamazaki Shunpei , Okazaki Kenichi , Sato Rai , Cho Takayuki , Sakakura Masayuki
Published: July 2011

We realized a blue‐phase liquid crystal display with low driving voltage and high contrast by using a liquid crystal material which is easily twisted and a protrusion electrode structure. Further, we made a prototype of a 3.4‐inch panel by a novel manufacturing process suitable for a large‐sized panel.
P‐53: Dynamic Backlight Control Method for RGBW LCD
Authors: Kao Meng‐Chao Andy , Hsieh Pei‐Lin , Lin Hsiang‐Tan
Published: July 2011

In this paper, we develop a system for adaptively adjusting the backlight luminance enabling extreme power reduction. Tools to maintain primary color brightness and saturation are described. Using the proposed system, RGBW color and backlight dimming can be appropriately managed. This novel technology was successfully implemented in our 10.1″ checkerboard RGBW LCD.
P‐64: A Simple Data Line Delay Compensation Scheme for AMOLED Panels
Authors: Kim Woo‐Chul , Choe Won Jun , Kim Byung‐Hee , Kim Sang Soo
Published: July 2011

A simple and effective way to remove a double image, which appears on a 3D full high definition AMOLED panel, is presented. The double image results from timing mismatch between the data line delay and scan timing. Providing gradual delay of scan timing effectively eliminates the double image in the AMOLED panel.
P‐204L: Late‐News Poster: A Stable Amorphous Silicon Gate Driver Circuit with Continual Pulse Triggering Method
Authors: Wu Tianyi , Ma Jun , Jung Taebo , Yang Kang , Huang Zhongshou , Ling Zhihua
Published: July 2011

Instability of amorphous silicon TFT has been a major challenge in designing a shift register of gate driver. We proposed in this paper a novel amorphous silicon gate driver (ASG). A 2.8 inch QVGA TFT‐LCD prototype driven by proposed ASG has been successfully fabricated. Stable operation within 240 hours at 70 °C temperature has been demonstrated without noticeable failure or artifacts.
P‐66: Wet Chemical Metallization for High‐End Flat Panel Display Manufacturing
Authors: Bamberg Simon , Beck Birgit , Brüggmann Horst , Brüning Frank , Langhammer Elisa , Lowinski Christian , Merschky Michael , Schulze Jörg , Etzkorn Johannes
Published: July 2011

Recently the use of Copper as a conductor material for Thin Film Transistor (TFT) structures has received increasing attention in the Flat Panel Display industry [1, 2].

Since sputtering of thick Cu layers has serious disadvantages Flat Panel Display (FPD) manufacturers are considering wet chemical Cu deposition as a viable process alternative. Depending on the required film properties like conductivity and surface roughness either electroless or electrolytical Copper deposition can be applied.
P‐87: Local Dimming Design and Optimization for Edge‐Type LED Backlight Unit
Authors: Jung SoonShin , Kim Miok , Kim DaeYong , Lee JaeWon
Published: July 2011

As the LCD TV market expands, the demands for a high‐performance, high‐definition image quality and eco‐friendly products are constantly rising. The LED backlight technology is a primary case which satisfies such demands. The LED backlight can be classified as either a direct‐type or an edge‐type according to the arrangement of light sources. The direct‐type has advantage of 2‐dimensional dimming leading to a low power consumption and better image quality whereas edge‐type has advantage in the fancy design, achieving slim thickness. To achieve the slim design and the low power consumption, the edge‐type backlight unit is preferred to direct‐type. A new type of edge backlight structure is proposed with edge local dimming to achieve higher Contrast Ratio (C/R) and low power consumption in addition to the advantage of a slim thickness. A new Light Guide Plate (LGP) structure for edge local dimming was verified and lenticular LGP is proposed to obtain straight line motion of light. In addition, power consumption reduction was achieved though algorithm development. A patterned LGP production method of various concepts was examined to realize 2‐line local dimming. It was reduced 30% power consumption of all energy through 2‐line local dimming structure. And, CR improved with 14,500:1 from 1, 128:1.
12.4: Interactive See‐Through Augmented‐Reality Smart Display System
Authors: Vogel Uwe , Herold Rigo , Richter Bernd , Baumgarten Judith , Fehse Karsten , Leo Karl , Schreiber Peter , Sieler Marcel
Published: July 2011

“iSTAR” is dedicated towards components, system and application development of “Interactive See‐Through Augmented‐Reality Displays”, comprising a VGA OLED microdisplay with embedded image sensor aimed on gaze‐control, see‐through head‐mounted optics, and mobile applications in industry, consumer and security areas. This paper reports on bi‐directional microdisplay chip and optics, and intermediate performance results.
P‐94: Experimental Study on Reduction of Temporal Image Sticking Using Positive Biased‐ and Floated‐Address Waveforms During Sustain Period in AC‐PDP with MgCaO Protective Layer
Authors: Park Choon‐Sang , Kim Sang‐Yup , Chien Sung‐Ill , Tae Heung‐Sik
Published: July 2011

In this paper, from the monitoring of the differences in the display luminance and color temperature, it was observed that the temporal image stickings when applying the positive biased‐ and floated‐address waveforms during a sustain period of ac‐PDP with MgCaO protective layer were mitigated in comparison with the grounded‐address waveform.
P‐97: Analysis of the Effects of Changing the Gallium Ratio of SrGa(x)S(4): Eu on Its Optical Properties and Crystal Structure
Authors: Kusunoki Tsuneo , Izawa Takamasa , Akimoto Katsuhiro , Odakiri Shin
Published: July 2011

SrGa2S4:Eu is promising as a phosphor for blue‐light excitation, for example in a blue LED. We have found that changing the gallium ratio of SrGa2S4:Eu in preparation influences the optical properties and crystal structure of SrGa2S4:Eu. As a result, the addition of excess gallium significantly affected the characteristics of SrGa2S4:Eu.
P‐101: Synthesis of Transparent and Green‐emitting CaSO4: Tb3+, Na+ Thin Film Phosphors by RF Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Kim Donghyuk , Han Ji Yeon , Jeon Duk Young
Published: July 2011

Transparent and green‐emitting CaSO4:Tb3+, Na+ thin film phosphors (TFPs) have been synthesized by RF magnetron sputtering, and their luminescence and optical properties were investigated. Transparent and green‐emitting CaSO4:Tb3+, Na+ TFPs were successfully synthesized at room temperature.
13.2: A Floating‐Gate OTFT‐Driven AMOLED Pixel Circuit for Variation and Degradation Compensation in Large‐Sized Flexible Displays
Authors: Huang Tsung‐Ching , Ishida Koichi , Sekitani Tsuyoshi , Takamiya Makoto , Someya Takao , Sakurai Takayasu
Published: July 2011

For the first time, we demonstrate an AMOLED pixel circuit on a 13‐μm thick plastic film that applies floating‐gate organic TFTs FG‐OTFTs to compensate for OTFT driving current variations and OLED efficiency degradations. By programming VTH of the FG‐OTFTs, we can realize less than 5% spatial non‐uniformity and 85%power reduction compared with voltage‐programming.
P‐114: Investigation of TIPS‐pentacene on Inkjet‐Printed Silver Source/Drain Electrodes
Authors: Chung Seungjun , Kim Donghyun , Jeong Jaewook , Kwon Soon‐Ki , Hong Yongtaek
Published: July 2011

We report contact resistance extraction between inkjet‐printed narrow silver source/drain electrodes and 6,13‐bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene (TIPS‐pentacene) layer using a transmission line method for organic thin‐film transistors with various channel lengths from 14 μm to 113 μm. For further investigation, we also studied contact resistance between inkjet‐printed/evaporated silver electrodes and TIPS‐pentacene/evaporated pentacene layers.
P‐123: Basic Operation Mechanisms of Floating Metal Ball Actuator Mode as Novel Electronic‐Paper Displays
Authors: Park HyoJoo , Yoon Howon , Lee Jongmo , Bae Byungseong , Kim Byunguk , Hong MunPyo
Published: July 2011

Basic operation mechanisms of newly proposed reflective display mode using metal coated ball were investigated for novel electronic‐paper displays, named as Floating Metal Ball Actuator (FMBA) mode. Most appropriate structures and driving conditions were simulated by Poisson's equation solver, and the optimized cell design and driving voltage can be determined. To confirm the conducting property of floating metal ball (FMB), electrical potential of FMB directly contacted on electrode was measured by non‐contact Kelvin probe microscopy and identical with that of the contact electrode. These are useful results to apply the FMBA mode to electrical‐paper displays.
P‐125: Modeling of the Performance of Electrowetting Displays
Authors: Vermeulen Paul , Feenstra Johan , Giraldo Andrea , Hampton Mathieu W. , Oh Jung M. , Mugele Frieder
Published: July 2011

This paper shows the results of modeling work to determine the effect of variations in the electrowetting display manufacturing process on the front‐of‐screen performance. This approach enables us to determine which parameters are crucial to ascertain a high quality display, regardless of the display dimensions and resolution. Overall, the modeling work contributes to improve the electrowetting display manufacturing technology and as such to further improve the performance of these displays.
P‐130: An Advanced Cumulative Drive Scheme for Fast Refreshed Cholesteric LCD
Authors: Chen Chih‐Jen , Hsu Chien‐Chih , Chang Yun‐Shuo , Wu Chih‐Hung , Wu Cheng‐Chung , Lai Chun‐Chun , Liang Chao‐Chiun
Published: July 2011

Fast refresh rate is desirable for inherently slow updated passive matrix (PM) cholesteric liquid crystal display (Ch‐LCD). This paper proposes a flexible cumulative drive scheme for fast and optimally refreshed PM Ch‐LCD. The proposed drive scheme was experimentally verified on a 5′ 100ppi PM Ch‐LCD and satisfactory results were obtained.
P‐131: Fully Integration of Transflective Hybrid Device Consisting of PSCT and In‐cell OLED
Authors: Wu Cheng‐Che , Lin Chi‐Feng , Lee Jiun‐Haw , Chang Wei‐Fu , Chiu Tien‐Lung , Liu Shun‐Wei
Published: July 2011

In this paper, fully integration of a hybrid transflective device consisting of a PSCT and an OLED were demonstrated. Thickness of this hybrid device was two glass substrates, which was the same as a usual LCD, with OLED fabricated on the inner side of the glass substrate. With suitable design of the process flow, electrical and optical characteristics of the OLED were little affected by the following LCD processes.
P‐134: Dye Crystallization in Guest‐host Display
Authors: Lee George Siu Ki , Fung Yuek Keung
Published: July 2011

Dye crystallization happened in ppm level may not be a focus in defect analysis and so there is no systematic approach to study the mechanism in display manufacturing industry. LCD maker worked with dye supplier and LC supplier try to find out an possible mechanism and how to prohibit the failure happened in production environment.
P‐140: The Ion Adsorption on SiOx Alignment Film Used for the Low Power LCDs Using Variable Frame Frequency
Authors: Huang Yi , Bos Philip J. , Bhowmik Achintya
Published: July 2011

liquid crystal displays(LCDs) are the dominant display technology in today's mobile devices. For the battery life of mobile devices, it is very demanding to lower the power consumption of mobile displays. Operating active‐matrix liquid‐crystal displays (AMLCDs) with an ultra‐wide refresh‐rate range, down to ∼1 Hz, can lower the power consumption and offer video rate as well. It has been shown that a SiOx‐based liquid crystal (LC) alignment technique can overcome the ion problems typically encountered with low‐refresh‐rate devices because of its adsorption ability. In this paper, a further study is taken on the adsorption property of SiOx alignment film. To estimate the structure of ionic impurities in LC, a new model given constant ion concentration is implemented to simulate the voltage holding profiles, which shows that the ionic impurities adsorbed by the SiOx film are probably associated with water. Besides, it is found that adding salt into LC can help the adsorption of SiOx film, and thus lower the ion concentration in LC more effectively.
P‐142: Improvement of PDLC Performance by Changing Surface Anchoring Strength
Authors: Cui Yue , Zola Rafael S. , Yang Young‐Cheol , Yang Deng‐Ke
Published: July 2011

We developed a method to improve the performance of polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) display. We experimentally observed that polymer PMMA generates a homogenous alignment of liquid crystal, while polymer PIBMA generates a homeotropic alignment. By mixing them together, we were able to vary the anchoring condition and strength. We constructed PDLC by using the composite of PMMA and PIBMA as the binder. With proper polymer concentrations, the driving voltage of the PDLC can be greatly decreased.