bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Grid integration of PMSG based wind energy conversion with battery storage system
Authors: K M Venkatachalam , Saravanan V.
Published: January 2021

In this paper, the design and implementation of a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) based wind energy conversion system and battery bank storages are connected to utility grid. It has phase locked loop (PLL) control strategy as it provides for control single-phase grid connected inverter with constant dc-link voltage. The dc-link is interfaced to a permanent magnet synchronous generator through diode bridge rectifier (DBR) with dc-dc boost converter, battery bank and single phase voltage source inverter (VSI).The dc-link voltage is maintained constant value of 48 V by controlling dc-dc converter with help of perturb and observe (P&O) algorithm based maximum power point tracker (MPPT). The VSI output voltage and frequency values are controlled based on grid parameters using PI controller and sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) technique. In this grid connected system is simulated and performances are analyzed through MATLAB software. The prototype experimental results are verified through 1 kW PMSG, 48 V battery bank with single phase grid connected system.
Influence of bias correction of meteorological and streamflow forecast on hydrological prediction in India
Authors: Tiwari Amar Deep , Mukhopadhyay Parthasarathi , Mishra Vimal
Published: January 2021

The efforts to develop a hydrologic model-based operational streamflow forecast in India are limited. We evaluate the role of bias correction of meteorological forecast and streamflow post-processing on hydrological prediction skill in India. We use the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model to simulate runoff and root zone soil moisture in the Narmada basin (drainage area: 97,410 km2), which was used as a testbed to examine the forecast skill along with the observed streamflow. We evaluated meteorological and hydrological forecasts during the monsoon (June-September) season for 2000-2018 period. The raw meteorological forecast displayed relatively low skill against the observed precipitation at 1-3 day lead time during the monsoon season. Similarly, the forecast skill was low with mean normalized root mean squared error (NRMSE) more than 0.9 and mean absolute bias larger than 60% for extreme precipitation at the 1-3-day lead time. We used Empirical Quantile Mapping (EQM) to bias correct precipitation forecast. The bias correction of precipitation forecast resulted in significant improvement in the precipitation forecast skill. Runoff and root zone soil moisture forecast was also significantly improved due to bias correction of precipitation forecast where the forecast evaluation is performed against the reference model run. However, bias correction of precipitation forecast did not cause considerable improvement in the streamflow prediction. Bias correction of streamflow forecast performs better than the streamflow forecast simulated using the bias-corrected meteorological forecast. The combination of the bias correction of precipitation forecast and post-processing of streamflow resulted in a significant improvement in the streamflow prediction (reduction in bias from 40% to 5%).
Compact Polarimetry Synthetic Aperture Radar Ocean Wind Retrieval: Model Development and Validation
Authors: Zhang Biao , Lu Yiru , Perrie William , Zhang Guosheng , Mouche Alexis
Published: January 2021

We have developed C-band compact polarimetry geophysical model functions for RADARSAT Constellation Mission ocean surface wind speed retrieval. A total of 1594 RADARSAT-2 images acquired in quad-polarization SAR imaging mode were collocated with in situ buoy observations. This dataset is first used to simulate compact polarimetric data and to examine their dependencies on radar incidence angle and wind vectors. We find that right circular transmit, right circular receive (RR-pol) radar backscatters are less sensitive to incidence angles and wind directions but are more dependent on wind speeds, compared to right circular transmit, horizontal receive (RH-pol), right circular transmit, vertical receive (RV-pol), and right circular transmit, left circular receive (RL-pol). Subsequently, the matchup data pairs are used to derive the coefficients of the transfer functions for the proposed compact polarimetric geophysical model (CMOD) functions, and to validate the associated wind speed retrieval accuracy. Statistical comparisons show that the retrieved wind speeds from CMODRH, CMODRV, CMODRL, and CMODRR are in good agreement with buoy measurements, with root-mean-square errors of 1.38, 1.51, 1.47, and 1.25 m s−1, respectively. The results suggest that compact polarimetry is a good alternative to linear polarization for wind speed retrieval. CMODRR is more appropriate to retrieve high wind speeds than CMODRH, CMODRV or CMODRL.
DeepDist: real-value inter-residue distance prediction with deep residual convolutional network
Authors: Wu Tianqi , Guo Zhiye , Hou Jie , Cheng Jianlin
Published: January 2021

Background

Driven by deep learning, inter-residue contact/distance prediction has been significantly improved and substantially enhanced ab initio protein structure prediction. Currently, most of the distance prediction methods classify inter-residue distances into multiple distance intervals instead of directly predicting real-value distances. The output of the former has to be converted into real-value distances to be used in tertiary structure prediction.

Results

To explore the potentials of predicting real-value inter-residue distances, we develop a multi-task deep learning distance predictor (DeepDist) based on new residual convolutional network architectures to simultaneously predict real-value inter-residue distances and classify them into multiple distance intervals. Tested on 43 CASP13 hard domains, DeepDist achieves comparable performance in real-value distance prediction and multi-class distance prediction. The average mean square error (MSE) of DeepDist’s real-value distance prediction is 0.896 Å2 when filtering out the predicted distance ≥ 16 Å, which is lower than 1.003 Å2 of DeepDist’s multi-class distance prediction. When distance predictions are converted into contact predictions at 8 Å threshold (the standard threshold in the field), the precision of top L/5 and L/2 contact predictions of DeepDist’s multi-class distance prediction is 79.3% and 66.1%, respectively, higher than 78.6% and 64.5% of its real-value distance prediction and the best results in the CASP13 experiment.

Conclusions

DeepDist can predict inter-residue distances well and improve binary contact prediction over the existing state-of-the-art methods. Moreover, the predicted real-value distances can be directly used to reconstruct protein tertiary structures better than multi-class distance predictions due to the lower MSE. Finally, we demonstrate that predicting the real-value distance map and multi-class distance map at the same time performs better than predicting real-value distances alone.
Impact of hospital volume on clinical outcomes of hospitalized heart failure patients: analysis of a nationwide database including 447,818 patients with heart failure
Authors: Kaneko Hidehiro , Itoh Hidetaka , Yotsumoto Haruki , Kiriyama Hiroyuki , Kamon Tatsuya , Fujiu Katsuhito , Morita Kojiro , Michihata Nobuaki , Jo Taisuke , Takeda Norifumi , Morita Hiroyuki , Yasunaga Hideo , Komuro Issei
Published: January 2021

Background

Hospital volume is known to be associated with outcomes of patients requiring complicated medical care. However, the relationship between hospital volume and prognosis of hospitalized patients with heart failure (HF) remains not fully understood. We aimed to clarify the impact of hospital volume on clinical outcomes of hospitalized HF patients using a nationwide inpatient database.

Methods and results

We studied 447,818 hospitalized HF patients who were admitted from January 2010 and discharged until March 2018 included in the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination database. According to the number of patients, patients were categorized into three groups; those treated in low-, medium-, and high-volume centers. The median age was 81 years and 238,192 patients (53%) were men. Patients who had New York Heart Association class IV symptom and requiring inotropic agent within two days were more common in high volume centers than in low volume centers. Respiratory support, hemodialysis, and intra-aortic balloon pumping were more frequently performed in high volume centers. As a result, length of hospital stay was shorter, and in-hospital mortality was lower in high volume centers. Lower in-hospital mortality was associated with higher hospital volume. Multivariable logistic regression analysis fitted with generalized estimating equation indicated that medium-volume group (Odds ratio 0.91, p = 0.035) and high-volume group (Odds ratio 0.86, p = 0.004) had lower in-hospital mortality compared to the low-volume group. Subgroup analysis showed that this association between hospital volume and in-hospital mortality among overall population was seen in all subgroups according to age, presence of chronic renal failure, and New York Heart Association class.

Conclusion

Hospital volume was independently associated with ameliorated clinical outcomes of hospitalized patients with HF.
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders with non opticospinal manifestations as initial symptoms: a long-term observational study
Authors: Li Rui , Lu Danli , Li Hao , Wang Yuge , Shu Yaqing , Chang Yanyu , Sun Xiaobo , Lu Zhengqi , Qiu Wei , Yang Zhi
Published: January 2021

Background

Early stage neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) with non-opticospinal manifestations as initial symptoms are easily misdiagnosed; however, data on the full symptom profile are limited. Moreover, the clinical characteristics and long-term outcomes of these patients remain unknown. We sought to analyze the clinical characteristics, imaging features, and long-term outcomes of NMOSD with non-opticospinal manifestations as initial symptoms.

Methods

We retrospectively included relevant patients from our center. Clinical, demographic, magnetic resonance imaging, treatment, and outcome data were compared according to the non-opticospinal vs. opticospinal initial symptoms.

Results

We identified 43 (9.13 %) patients with non-opticospinal initial symptoms among 471 patients with NMOSD. Of these, 88.37 % developed optic neuritis/myelitis during an average follow-up period of 6.33 years. All the non-opticospinal symptoms were brain/brainstem symptoms. Most of the symptoms and associated brain lesions were reversible. These patients had a younger onset age (P < 0.001), lower serum aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibody titers (P = 0.030), and a lower Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score at onset (P < 0.001) and follow-up (P = 0.041) than NMOSD patients with opticospinal initial symptoms. In addition, EDSS scores reached 3.0 (indicating moderate disability) later than in patients with opticospinal initial symptoms (P = 0.028).

Conclusions

Patients with NMOSD with non-opticospinal initial symptoms have a younger onset age, lower serum AQP4 antibody titers, and better clinical outcomes.
The role of Chito-oligosaccharide in regulating ovarian germ stem cells function and restoring ovarian function in chemotherapy mice
Authors: Huang Yaoqi , Ye Haifeng , Zhu Feiyin , Hu Chuan , Zheng Yuehui
Published: January 2021

In recent years, the discovery of ovarian germ stem cells (OGSCs) has provided a new research direction for the treatment of female infertility. The ovarian microenvironment affects the proliferation and differentiation of OGSCs, and immune cells and related cytokines are important components of the microenvironment. However, whether improving the ovarian microenvironment can regulate the proliferation of OGSCs and remodel ovarian function has not been reported. In this study, we chelated chito-oligosaccharide (COS) with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) to track the distribution of COS in the body. COS was given to mice through the best route of administration, and the changes in ovarian and immune function were detected using assays of organ index, follicle counting, serum estrogen (E2) and anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels, and the expression of IL-2 and TNF-α in the ovaries. We found that COS significantly increased the organ index of the ovary and immune organs, reduced the rate of follicular atresia, increased the levels of E2and AMH hormones, and increased the protein expression of IL-2 and TNF-α in the ovary. Then, COS and OGSCs were co-cultured to observe the combination of COS and OGSCs, and measure the survival rate of OGSCs. With increasing time, the fluorescence intensity of cells gradually increased, and the cytokines IL-2 and TNF-α significantly promoted the proliferation of OGSCs. In conclusion, COS could significantly improve the ovarian and immune function of chemotherapy model mice, and improve the survival rate of OGSCs, which provided a preliminary blueprint for further exploring the mechanism of COS in protecting ovarian function.
The association of priori and posteriori dietary patterns with the risk of incident hypertension: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study
Authors: Ramezankhani Azra , Hosseini-Esfahani Firoozeh , Mirmiran Parvin , Azizi Fereidoun , Hadaegh Farzad
Published: January 2021

Background

The aim of this study was to investigate the association of dietary patterns with incident hypertension.

Materials/methods

This prospective study was conducted on 4793 individuals of Tehran lipid and glucose study participants, aged ≥ 18 years who were followed for a median of 6.3 years from 2008–2011 to 2016–2018. A valid and reliable semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assess usual dietary intakes. Anthropometrics and blood pressure were assessed at baseline and during follow up examinations. Dietary patterns were derived using principal component analysis (PCA). Healthy eating index (HEI) and dietary approach to stop hypertension (DASH) score were measured based on dietary recommendations. Time-dependent Cox models adjusting for confounders were used to examine the association between dietary patterns and the risk of hypertension.

Results

During follow-up, a total of 727 incident cases of hypertension were identified. The mean ± SD age at baseline was 40.3 ± 13.5 and 37.9 ± 12.1 years in men and women, respectively. Two dietary patterns (the healthy and unhealthy) were extracted by PCA. Compared with participants in the first quartile, a 23% (HR: 1.23; 95%CI 1.00–1.53; P trend: 0.056) increased risk of hypertension was found in the fourth quartile of HEI score. This association was disappeared after further adjustment for confounders. Increasing DASH score, the healthy and unhealthy dietary pattern were not associated with risk of hypertension.

Conclusion

Our findings showed that higher adherences to the posteriori- and priori-dietary patterns were not associated with risk of hypertension in this population.
COVID-19 myopericarditis with cardiac tamponade in the absence of respiratory symptoms: a case report
Authors: Cairns Lauren , Abed El Khaleq Yazeed , Storrar Will , Scheuermann-Freestone Michaela
Published: January 2021

Background

Previous reports have shown various cardiac complications to be associated with COVID-19 including: myocardial infarction, microembolic complications, myocardial injury, arrythmia, heart failure, coronary vasospasm, non-ischemic cardiomyopathy, stress (Takotsubo) cardiomyopathy, pericarditis and myocarditis. These COVID-19 cardiac complications were associated with respiratory symptoms. However, our case illustrates that COVID-19 myopericarditis with cardiac tamponade can present without respiratory symptoms.

Case presentation

A 58-year-old Caucasian British woman was admitted with fever, diarrhoea and vomiting. She developed cardiogenic shock and Transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) found a pericardial effusion with evidence of cardiac tamponade. A nasopharyngeal swab showed a COVID-19 positive result, despite no respiratory symptoms on presentation. A pericardial drain was inserted and vasopressor support required on intensive treatment unit (ITU). The drain was removed as she improved, an antibiotic course was given and she was discharged on day 12.

Conclusions

Our case demonstrates that patients without respiratory symptoms could have COVID-19 and develop cardiac complications. These findings can aid timely diagnosis of potentially life-threatening COVID-19 myopericarditis with cardiac tamponade.
Smartphone / smartwatch-based cuffless blood pressure measurement : a position paper from the Korean Society of Hypertension
Authors:   on behalf of the Korean Society of Hypertension, Lee Hae Young , Lee Dong-Ju , Seo Jongmo , Ihm Sang-Hyun , Kim Kwang-il , Cho Eun Joo , Kim Hyeon Chang , Shin Jinho , Park Sungha , Sohn Il-Suk , Chung Wook-Jin , Ryu Sung Kee , Sung Ki Chul , Kim Juhan , Kim Dae-Hee , Pyun Wook Bum
Published: January 2021

Smartphone technology has spread rapidly around the globe. According to a report released by the Korea Information Society Development Institute, about 95% of Koreans aged more than 30 years old owned smartphones. Recently, blood pressure (BP) measurement using a photoplethysmography-based smartphone algorithm paired with the smartwatch is continuously evolving. In this document, the Korean Society of Hypertension intends to remark the current results of smartphone / smartwatch-based BP measurement and recommend optimal BP measurement methods using a smartphone device. We aim to increase the likelihood of success in implementing these new technologies into improved hypertension awareness, diagnosis, and control.
Cargo transport through the nuclear pore complex at a glance
Authors: Paci Giulia , Caria Joana , Lemke Edward A.
Published: January 2021

Bidirectional transport of macromolecules across the nuclear envelope is a hallmark of eukaryotic cells, in which the genetic material is compartmentalized inside the nucleus. The nuclear pore complex (NPC) is the major gateway to the nucleus and it regulates nucleocytoplasmic transport, which is key to processes including transcriptional regulation and cell cycle control. Accordingly, components of the nuclear transport machinery are often found to be dysregulated or hijacked in diseases. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and accompanying poster, we provide an overview of our current understanding of cargo transport through the NPC, from the basic transport signals and machinery to more emerging aspects, all from a ‘cargo perspective’. Among these, we discuss the transport of large cargoes (>15 nm), as well as the roles of different cargo properties to nuclear transport, from size and number of bound nuclear transport receptors (NTRs), to surface and mechanical properties.
Rural midwifery practice in Aotearoa/New Zealand: Strengths, vulnerabilities, opportunities and challenges
Authors: Daellenbach Rea , Davies Lorna , Kensington Mary , Crowther Susan , Gilkison Andrea , Deery Ruth , Rankin Jean
Published: January 2021

Background: The sustainability of rural maternity services is threatened by underfunding, insufficient resourcing and challenges with recruitment and retention of midwives. Aims: The broader aim of this study was to gain knowledge to inform the optimisation of equitable and sustainable maternity care for rural communities within New Zealand and Scotland, through eliciting the views of rural midwives about their working conditions and practice. This article focuses on the New Zealand midwives’ responses. Method: Invitations to participate in an online questionnaire were sent out to midwives working in rural areas. Subsequently, themes from the survey results were followed up for more in-depth discussion in confidential, online group forums. 145 New Zealand midwives responded to the survey and 12 took part in the forums. Findings: The New Zealand rural midwives who participated in this study outlined that they are attracted to, and sustained in, rural practice by their sense of connectedness to the countryside and rural communities, and that they need to be uniquely skilled for rural practice. Rural midwives, and the women they provide care to, frequently experience long travel times and distances which are economically costly. Adverse weather conditions, occasional lack of cell phone coverage and variable access to emergency transport are other factors that need to be taken into account in rural midwifery practice. Additionally, many participants noted challenges at the rural/urban interface in relation to referral or transfer of care of a woman and/or a baby. Strategies identified that support rural midwives in New Zealand include: locum and mentoring services, networking with other health professionals, support from social services and community service providers, developing supportive relationships with other rural midwives and providing rural placements for student midwives. Conclusion: Midwives face economic, topographic, meteorological and workforce challenges in providing a service for rural women. However, midwives draw strength through their respect of the women, and the support of their midwifery colleagues and other health professionals in their community.
Singing a(n) (a)laukika body:
Authors: Leão David Pierdominici
Published: January 2021

Utprekṣā or ‘ascription’ is one of the foremost devices in classical Sanskrit literature, with importance secondary only to upamā and rūpaka. In contrast to other figures extensively analysed by the theoretical treatises over centuries, it was characterised by a surprising uniformity in regard to its definition as offered by the ālaṃkārikas. The paper provides a brief overview of this device and its practical application in a 16th century mahākāvya, the Pāṇḍyakulodaya.
Financial Reporting and Entrepreneurial Finance: Evidence from Equity Crowdfunding
Authors: Donovan John
Published: January 2021

I study the role of accounting and financial reporting in entrepreneurial finance by examining whether financial statement disclosure increases capital raised through equity crowdfunding. On average, I find a positive association between financial reporting and capital raised, suggesting that accounting reduces information asymmetry with potential investors. Additionally, the importance of financial reporting in equity crowdfunding varies predictably in the cross-section. Specifically, financial reporting is associated with greater capital raised when the firm has longer historical operations, during periods of higher macroeconomic uncertainty, and when complemented by detailed shareholder agreements. Finally, using a mediation analysis, I find evidence that financial reporting is indirectly associated with better ex post performance by increasing the likelihood of raising capital. These results provide insight into the role of financial reporting in entrepreneurial finance and inform the ongoing debate over regulation and disclosure in the equity crowdfunding market.

This paper was accepted by Brian Bushee, accounting.
Nutritional potential of selected species of Arisaema Mart. from Nepal
Authors: Dhakal Laxmi , Aryal Biva , Joshi Giri , Pant Deepak
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Dhakal L, Aryal B, Joshi GP, Pant DR. 2020. Nutritional potential of selected species of Arisaema Mart. from Nepal. Biodiversitas 21: 5703-5709. Species of Arisaema Mart. are believed to be poisonous, but few species are used as food in different communities. Therefore, an assessment of nutritional properties of six selected taxa of Arisaema including three edible taxa was made in order to find out their nutritional potential. Methanolic or aqueous extracts of samples (rhizomes and aerial parts) were analyzed for various nutritional and anti-nutritional parameters. On nutritional basis, the total starch content and total reducing sugar were found highest (25.71±0.04mg/g powder) and (46.73±0.06 mg/g extract), respectively in aerial parts of A. echinatum. Total protein and phosphorus content was highest in rhizome of A. tortuosum var. curvatum. Similarly, extracts of aerial parts of A. tortuosum var. curvatum also possessed highest amount of total phenolic content (52.67±0.24mg GAE/g), total flavonoid content (14.13 ± 0.03 mg QE/g), and also demonstrated best antioxidant activity (IC50, 108.59±0.54 µg/mL) in terms of DPPH radical scavenging activity among the selected taxa. Inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase in vitro was found to be highest (78.82 %) in rhizome extracts of A. echinatum and extracts of aerial parts of A. concinnum (34.82 %), respectively.
The potential of Asystasia intrusa weed of Acanthaceae family as a cover crop in oil palm plantations
Authors: Satriawan Halus , FUADY ZAHRUL , ERNAWITA ERNAWITA
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Satriawan H, Fuady Z, Ernawita. 2020. The potential of Asystasia intrusa weed as a cover crop in oil palm plantations. Biodiversitas 21: 5711-5718. Weeds generally found in oil palm plantations, one of which is dominant is Asystasia intrusa. This weed has begun to be used as a cover crop on oil palm land because it is assumed to have a beneficial effect. The purpose of this research is to explore the potential of Asystasia intrusa in growing as a cover crop on oil palm plantations. The experimental arrangement used was split-plot design. Oil palm plan’s ages were used as the main plot, while the spacing plant (Asystasia intrusa) as the subplots. Experiments were done in triplicate. The results showed that Asystasia intrusa has the potential to be used as a cover crop in oil palm plantations, since it meets several requirements, such as quickly covering the land (12 WAP), fast decomposing (30-60 days), tolerance to shade. This was indicated by the growth percentage of 97.56%, containing nutrients N (1.65-1.77%), P (0.29%), and K (4.6-4.97%), as biomass (0.9 t C/ha/year) and soil carbon stocks (39.52-41.16 t/ha/year). The studied weed also has the ability to increase soil carbon stock up to 119%.
Organic control of Bemisia tabaci Genn. on Capsicum annuum with entomopathogenic fungi raw secondary metabolites
Authors: Soesanto Loekas , Fatihah Bisiril , Manan Abdul , Mugiastuti Endang , Prihatiningsih Nur
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Soesanto L, Fatihah B, Manan A, Mugiastuti E, Prihaningsih N. 2020. Organic control of Bemisia tabaci Genn. on Capsicum annuum with entomopathogenic fungi raw secondary metabolites. Biodiversitas 21: xxxx. Control of whitefly with entomopathogenic fungi raw secondary metabolites and their correlation was investigated under control condition. The in vitro test used randomize completely design consisted of five treatments (raw secondary metabolites of Beauveria bassiana B16 and B10, Metarhizium anisopliae M16, Lecanicillium lecanii L16, and no treatments) and repeated five times. The in planta one used Latin square design consisted of five treatments and repeated five times. Variables observed were the mortality of whitefly imago, chitinolytic index, incubation period, viral disease intensity, plant height and total leaves per plant. The results showed that all treatment of raw secondary metabolites of entomopathogenic fungi caused mortality in the B. tabaci imago by 77.8% (B. bassiana B16); 71.5% (B. bassiana B10); 66.7% (M. anisopliae M16); and 59.5% (L. lecanii L16). All raw secondary metabolites of entomopathogenic fungi reduce the intensity of viral diseases by 79.98% (B. bassiana B16); 74.00% (B. bassiana B10); 72.23% (L. lecanii L16); and 55.41% (M. anisopliae M16). The correlation between B. tabaci mortality due to raw secondary metabolites of entomopathogenic fungi with the viral disease intensity is very close and opposite. Every 1% increase in pest mortality causes decrease in viral intensity by 1.346%.
Development and regeneration of somatic embryos from leaves-derived calli of Coffea liberica
Authors: ARDIYANI FITRIA , Utami Edy Setiti Wida , PURNOBASUKI HERY , PARAMITA SENJA APRILIA
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Ardiyani F, Utami ESW, Purnobasuki H, Paramita SA. 2020. Development and regeneration of somatic embryos from leaves-derived calli of Coffea liberica. Biodiversitas 21: 5829-5834. Coffea liberica is an important and potentially commercial plant with a high economic value from the Coffea genus. Therefore, the availability of planting material is needed to increase productivity and ensure the sustainability of its farming. Somatic embryogenesis is a powerful propagation method used to produce clonal plants from limited genetic material. In the present research, we have shown that C. liberica could be successfully regenerated in vitro via somatic embryogenesis from leaves derived embryogenic callus. These calli were cultured on Murashige Skoog (MS) medium added with 1 mgL-1 BAP or in combination with 2.4 D (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2 mgL-1) for embryo development induction. Furthermore, the medium containing only BAP was best for embryo development induction after culturing for 12 weeks, with the highest number of cotyledonary stage embryos (17.8%) and producing a total of embryo (20.2). Following cotyledonary stage embryo were cultured on new MS medium containing 0.5 mgL-1 BAP, 0.5 mgL-1 IAA, 0.5 mgL-1 NAA only, and 0.5 mgL-1 BAP in combination with 0.5 mgL-1 IAA or 0.5 mgL-1 NAA. Interestingly, the results showed that cotyledonary stage embryos were converted into complete plants at all treatment, but the MS medium containing 0.5 mgL-1 BAP was found to be the most effective in promoting regeneration with 2.6 leaves per-plantlet and height of 5.2 mm. Based morphological analysis confirm that the development of somatic embryo from leaves-derived calli of Coffea liberica started with the formation of embryo globular, heart, torpedo, cotyledonary stages, and finally conversion of cotyledonary embryo into complete plant.
Inflorescence morphology and development of suweg (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson
Authors: TRI HANDAYANI  , YUZAMMI  , JULISASI TRI HADIAH
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Hanfayani T, Yuzammi, Hadiah JT. 2020. Inflorescence morphology and development of suweg (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson. Biodiversitas 21: 5835-5844. Inflorescence of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson consists of two main parts: spathe and spadix. Detailed information on its development, however, is not yet available. This study aimed to investigate the development and morphology of suweg’s inflorescence, to reveal the anthesis of male and female flowers, and to observe its insect visitors. The study observed 46 inflorescences, ten of which were measured for detailed developments. Inflorescences were observed from bud emergence to withering during one flowering cycle. The results showed that the flowering process included six phases which altogether required 22 to 36 days, namely the developments of inflorescence bud, cataphyll, spathe and spadix, appendix, fully bloomed inflorescence, and flowers anthesis. The inflorescence height including peduncle was 48–75 cm, spathe 19–50 cm long, spathe circle 65–176 cm, appendix 13–33 cm long, and appendix circle 45–80 cm. Three appendix forms were observed: ovate (43.48%), triangular conic (41.30%), and rounded (15.22%). Female flower anthesis occurred one day prior to male flower anthesis. Insect visitors found during anthesis were Lucilia sericata (Calliphoridae), Sarcophaga sp. (Sarcophagidae), and Trigona speciosa (Apidae).
Compounds detection and inhibition activity of chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts of Schizophyllum commune on some cancer cell types
Authors: Ekowati Nuraeni , MUMPUNI ARIS , RATNANINGTYAS NUNIEK INA , MAHARNING ARDHINI RIN
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Ekowati N, Mumpuni A, Ratnaningtyas NI, Maharning A. 2020. Compounds detection and inhibition activity of chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts of Schizophyllum commune on some cancer cell types. Biodiversitas 21: 5865-5871. Schizophyllum commune Fr.is a potential fungus utilized as a drug, including a cancer drug expectant. In Indonesia, the fungus' capability to suppress the growth of certain types of cancer cells has not been widely reported. The purposes of this study were (i) to determine the bioactive compound group from S. commune using organic solvents chloroform and ethyl acetate, (ii) to determine the IC50 values ​​of S. commune bioactive compounds using cancer cell lines HeLa, MCF7, T47D and WiDr, (iii) to find out the mechanism of apoptosis. The research was carried out experimentally using a pure culture of four types of cancer cell lines. Anticancer activity test was conducted by a cytotoxic test using MTT [3- (4,5- dimethylthiazol -2-yl) -2.5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide], and apoptosis test. Data analysis was performed with linear regression analysis, and the apoptosis test was analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the bioactive compounds produced by S. commune are alkaloids, terpenoids, and flavonoids. S. commune bioactive compounds potentially inhibit the four cancer cell lines used with IC50 values ​​ranging from 5.44 to 420.48 ug/mL. Best result was obtained from S. commune extract of chloroform in T47D cells with IC50 = 5.44 ug/mL and are able to induce apoptosis.
Genetic variability of lemon basil (Ocimum × africanum Lour.) from Indonesian archipelago based on morphological and inter-simple sequence repeats markers
Authors: Makmur Kurnia , CHIKMAWATI TATIK , SOBIR SOBIR
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Makmur K, Chikmawati T, Sobir. 2020. Genetic variability of lemon basil (Ocimum × africanum Lour.) from Indonesia based on morphological characters and ISSR markers. Biodiversitas 21: 5948-5953. Lemon basil (Ocimum × africanum Lour.) or kemangi is a highly beneficial plant, yet still underutilized. Therefore, providing necessary information on genetic diversity of this species is essential for further utilization. The aim of this study was to elucidate genetic diversity of 33 accessions of O. × africanum collected from four Islands of Indonesia along with three accessions of Ocimum basilicum L. Morphological observation was conducted on 37 morphological characters following the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants descriptor guidelines; subsequently, 13 ISSR primers were employed in molecular analysis. Both morphological and molecular data were analyzed based on simple matching similarity index using UPGMA method. Morphologically, O. × africanum and O. basilicum were clearly separated at the similarity index of 0.52, and among two species were divided into two groups according to two either character. ISSR analysis using 13 ISSR primers produced 111 DNA bands, and 108 of them (97.29%) were polymorphic. Cluster analysis based on ISSR data could not explicitly separate O. × africanum and O. basilicum accessions. Besides, Ocimum accessions collected from the same area did not always cluster into one group.
Short communication: Physiological response to drought in North Sulawesi (Indonesia) local rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars at the tissue level in hydroponic culture
Authors: Nio Song Ai , MEREH RISA JUNITA , LUDONG DANIEL PETER MANTILEN
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Nio SA, Mereh RJ, Ludong DPM. 2021. Short communication: Physiological response to drought in North Sulawesi (Indonesia) local rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars at the tissue level in hydroponic culture. Biodiversitas 22: 58-64. Water availability influenced the metabolism processes in the plants and this condition could change water balance in the cells as well as restricting the growth and production of crops. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of in vitro polyethylene glycol (PEG) 8000-induced water deficit on the relative water content and chlorophylls (total, a, and b) concentration as physiological response in leaf segments of North Sulawesi (Indonesia) local rice cultivars (cvs. Superwin, Ombong, Burungan, and Temo). The rice leaves were cut into 1 cm x 1 cm segments and were treated under both control (0 MPa) and water deficit (-0.25 and -0.5 MPa) using PEG 8000 as osmoticum. The experiment was factorial completely randomized block design with 4 sampling times (0, 4, 8, and 12 hours) and three replicates. Interaction of water deficit duration and PEG 8000 treatment resulted in a significant difference in leaf relative water content. The leaf relative water content at PEG -0.5 MPa after 8 and 12 hours of treatments was lower than at control (PEG 0 MPa) when the treatment commenced (0 hour). The concentration of chlorophylls (total, a, and b) were significant differences among cultivars and water deficit durations. This study showed that leaf relative water content was a potential physiological indicator of PEG 8000-induced water deficit in North Sulawesi local rice at the tissue level in hydroponic culture.
Methodological investigation into the noise influence on nanolasers’ large signal modulation
Authors: Wang Tao , Zou Junlong , Puccioni Gian Piero , Zhao Wensheng , Lin Xiao , Chen Hongsheng , Wang Gaofeng , Lippi Gian Luca
Published: January 2021

Nanolasers are considered ideal candidates for communications and data processing at the chip-level thanks to their extremely reduced footprint, low thermal load and potentially outstanding modulation bandwidth, which in some cases has been numerically estimated to exceed hundreds of GHz. The few experimental implementations reported to date, however, have so-far fallen very short of such predictions, whether because of technical difficulties or of overoptimistic numerical results. We propose a methodology to study the physical characteristics which determine the system’s robustness and apply it to a general model, using numerical simulations of large-signal modulation. Changing the DC pump values and modulation frequencies, we further investigate the influence of intrinsic noise, considering, in addition, the role of cavity losses. Our results confirm that significant modulation bandwidths can be achieved, at the expense of large pump values, while the often targeted low bias operation is strongly noise- and bandwidth-limited. This fundamental investigation suggests that technological efforts should be oriented towards enabling large pump rates in nanolasers, whose performance promises to surpass microdevices in the same range of photon flux and input energy.
Numerical study of probe parameters on performance of a transonic axial compressor
Authors: Islam Asad , Ma Hongwei
Published: January 2021

The paper shows the effect of the probe on the performance of a transonic axial speed compressor. The unobstructed flow case with the experimental data was validated and used as a guide for all subsequent study cases. The aerodynamic performance for different probe parameters were calculated numerically using ANSYS-CFX. This covered the results on compressor output from changing probe axial positions, the radial immersion depths, the size of the probe, and the total number of probes. The findings were evaluated in relation to the total pressure ratio, performance, margin of deflation and stability. The velocity part distributions further showed that the probe block and raises the flow Mach value, which is the explanation why the compressor rotor’s total pressure ratio is lost. In fact, the parameters of the sample will significantly influence the calculation outcomes and affect the standard margin. The range of stability was also affected, which changes the performance trend from the choke to the stall. Consequently, the collection of correct probe parameters with fewer impact on compressor output is addressed.
Analysis of proteolytic processing sites in potyvirus polyproteins revealed differential amino acid preferences of NIa-Pro protease in each of seven cleavage sites
Authors: Goh Chul Jun , Hahn Yoonsoo
Published: January 2021

Potyviruses encode a large polyprotein that undergoes proteolytic processing, producing 10 mature proteins: P1, HC-Pro, P3, 6K1, CI, 6K2, VPg, NIa-Pro, NIb-RdRp, and CP. While P1/HC-Pro and HC-Pro/P3 junctions are cleaved by P1 and HC-Pro, respectively, the remaining seven are processed by NIa-Pro. In this study, we analyzed 135 polyprotein sequences from approved potyvirus species and deduced the consensus amino acid residues at five positions (from −4 to +1, where a protease cleaves between −1 and +1) in each of nine cleavage sites. In general, the newly deduced consensus sequences were consistent with the previous ones. However, seven NIa-Pro cleavage sites showed distinct amino acid preferences despite being processed by the same protease. At position −2, histidine was the dominant amino acid residue in most cleavage sites (57.8–60.7% of analyzed sequences), except for the NIa-Pro/NIb-RdRp junction where it was absent. At position −1, glutamine was highly dominant in most sites (88.2–97.8%), except for the VPg/NIa-Pro junction where glutamic acid was found in all the analyzed proteins (100%). At position +1, serine was the most abundant residue (47.4–86.7%) in five out of seven sites, while alanine (52.6%) and glycine (82.2%) were the most abundant in the P3/6K1 and 6K2/VPg junctions, respectively. These findings suggest that each NIa-Pro cleavage site is finely tuned for differential characteristics of proteolytic reactions. The newly deduced consensus sequences may be useful resources for the development of models and methods to accurately predict potyvirus polyprotein processing sites.
Guerra y movilización de recursos económicos en el siglo XVIII. Un ensayo historiográfico
Authors: González Enciso Agustín
Published: January 2021

La movilización de recursos para la guerra y sus condiciones es una cuestión importante que no ha empezado a estudiarse en España hasta hace pocos años. En este trabajo se presentan los principales temas que se han investigado, así como las conclusiones más relevantes. El artículo se divide en dos partes. En la primera se analizan las cuestiones dinerarias, en particular, los ingresos fiscales y su empleo en la financiación de la guerra. La segunda parte se dedica a los asentistas que abastecían al rey con productos y servicios diversos. Se trata de saber quiénes eran, cómo trabajaban o qué tipo de beneficios obtenían.
Juan Francés de Iribarren: cantadas de Navidad y Reyes para tiple durante su magisterio en la catedral de Málaga (1733‑1767)
Authors: Lara Moral Laura
Published: January 2021

El origen y desarrollo estilístico de la cantada en España aún no ha sido objeto de un estudio científico lo suficientemente profundo; y, a tenor de los últimos avances realizados, queda mucho camino por recorrer. El presente artículo, centrado en el corpus compositivo de Juan Francés de Iribarren, muestra un análisis de sus cantadas de Navidad y Reyes para voz de tiple, donde confluyen aspectos históricos, musicales y literarios. Se trata de un autor de primer orden y, dado el reducido número de investigadores que le han prestado atención en las últimas décadas, con este estudio multidisciplinar se intenta aportar un nuevo impulso que contribuya a la recuperación y contextualización de las composiciones de este músico navarro del s. xviii y, por extensión, de la música barroca española.
Entre el ocio y la necesidad: la práctica de la caza en el Burgos del Setecientos
Authors: Sanz de La Higuera Francisco
Published: January 2021

En las viviendas de los burgaleses del siglo xviii, los escribanos se topaban, a la hora de efectuar la descripción de sus enseres y pertrechos, con armas de fuego –escopetas, trabucos, arcabuces, carabinas y fusiles– que, eventualmente, podían ser utilizadas para la práctica de la caza, sea como instrumento de ocio o como herramienta para cubrir, en la medida de lo posible, la necesidad de buscar alimentos cárnicos con que completar la dieta. ¿Existen notorias diferencias entre las categorías socioprofesionales a este respecto? ¿Su devenir a lo largo de la centuria experimentó un gradual incremento o, por el contrario, una paulatina desaparición?
Portrayals of mental disorders in music: How are the studied?
Authors: Pavez Fabián , Saura Erika , Pérez Gemma , Marset Pedro
Published: January 2021

Introduction and Objectives. The importance of the study of social representations of mental disorders and psychiatry in music, and particularly in songs lyrics, have been discussed in previous communications. It is a small-explored topic, and most published articles do not exhibit a rigorous research methodology. In this communication, we review the methods used in published studies addressing depictions of mental disorders or mental health concerns in music (advantages and limitations); in order to propose a framework for the study of the social representations of psychiatry and mental disorders in song lyrics.

Methods. Descriptive study. Methods used in thirty-seven articles addressing the depictions of mental disorders or mental health issues in music were reviewed. Frequencies of the research methods used are provided. Finally, a theoretical review of the advantages and limitations of different research strategies was performed.

Results/Conclusion. Research designs are heterogenous between studies. Despite Content Analysis was the most frequent research strategy identified, there is a high representation of opinion articles or essays. Quantitative methods are rarely used (if we consider Content Analysis as a Qualitative Strategy). Content analysis is frequently used in studies addressing exposition to risk factors (mostly, depictions of substance use). We propose a mixed method by using descriptive statistics (frequency measures of references to mental disorders in song lyrics, that is a quantitative content analysis), followed by qualitative content analysis and thematic analysis. This strategy allows a deeper approximation to the contents, favoring the access to the social meanings of psychiatry or mental disorders expressed throught music.
Fractures of the Humeral Condyles in Children – A Review
Authors: NF Tepeneu
Published: January 2021

The three most common elbow fractures classically reported in pediatric orthopedic literature are supracondylar (50–70%), lateral condylar (17–34%), and medial epicondylar fractures (10%).

The mechanism of injury varies, but the most commonly described mechanism involves a fall on an outstretched hand with varus, valgus or rotational force or a combination thereof. The vectors of force and the degree of chondro-osseous development dictate the type of injury incurred.

A review of the literature was conducted to see the most frequent injuries and complications.
FOUNDATION OF THE NEW RAILWAY BRIDGE OVER THE NOSICKÁ DAM ON THE RIVER VÁH
Authors: Zaťko Maroš
Published: January 2021

The new railway bridge over the Nosická dam is a part of the complex modernization of the railway corridor from Púchov to Žilina. Our company participated on the project using a wide variety of special foundation techniques on artificial islands for piers P6, P5, P4 and P3 and the pillar foundations. We applied the many years of experience gained by our company through working on projects involving water. Bored piles, as well as vibrated sheet piles, welding and assemblage work have all been carried out from a floating pontoon platform and also there was jet grouting applied to stabilize embankments. At the same time we provided active assistance with temporary floating bridges and platforms for the kind of transfer on water required by our client.
DOSSIÊ – "Políticas educacionais de igualdade racial: concepções, reflexões e pluralidades"
Authors: Katrib Cairo Mohamad Ibrahim , Silva Júnior Astrogildo Fernandes da
Published: January 2021

Vidas negras importam! Em junho de 2020, essa frase foi ecoada em vários países do mundo em manifestações antirracistas. O estopim para tais manifestações foi a morte de George Floyd, um homem negro de 40 anos, que vivia na cidade de Minneapolis, EUA. Foi imobilizado por um policial branco que manteve o joelho sobre seu pescoço, enquanto o homem dizia que não conseguia respirar. O episódio foi filmado e causou indignação. Esse é um dos milhares de exemplos de atitudes racistas que ainda marcam o século XXI. No caso do Brasil, podemos citar, dentre outros, o caso de João Pedro, um menino de 14 anos que foi morto em casa, em São Gonçalo – RJ, durante uma operação policial contra o tráfico de drogas. Esses fatos só confirmam a necessidade de fortalecer a luta por uma sociedade antirracista. É uma questão histórica, marcada por avanços e retrocessos.