bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazines. XI. Syntheses and Central Nervous System Activities of Some 6-(N-Benzyl-N-methylamino)-3-methoxy-2-phenyl(and substituted phenyl)imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazines
Authors: Barlin GB , Davies LP , Ireland SJ , Zhang JK
Published: September 2010

Syntheses are reported for 196-(N-benzyl-N-methylamino )-3-methoxy-2-phenyl(and substituted phenyl or pyridinyl ) imidazo [1,2-b] pyridazines from 6-(N-benzyl-N-methylamino)pyridazin-3- amine 2-oxide. The ability of each of these compounds to displace [3H]diazepam from rat brain membrane preparations was measured and the IC50 values (or percentage displacements) are reported and discussed. 6-(N-Benzyl-N-methylamino )-3-methoxy-2-phenylimido[1,2-b]pyridine was about half as active as its 6-bemylamino analogue, and the most active compound was 6-(N-benzyl-N-methylamino )-2-(2'-fluorophenyl)-3-methoxyimido[1,2-b] pyridazine with IC50 9.8 nM.
Synthesis and Base Hydrolysis of the Pentaammine(dimethyl sulfide)cobalt(III) Ion
Authors: Ellis A , Fultz A , Hicks R , Morgan T , Parsons L , Saderholm MJ , Smith LA , Stabb M , Starnes JK , Sun LJ , Roecker L
Published: September 2010

The synthesis of the trifluoromethanesulfonate salt of the pentaarnmine (dimethy1 sulfide)-cobalt(III) ion, [NH3)5Co-S(CH3)2]3+, is described along with the kinetics of its hydrolysis in basic and acidic solutions. The synthesis proceeds in 44% yield from the reaction of [(NH3)5Co-OSO2CF3] (CF3SO3)2 with CH3SCH3 in tetramethylene sulfone at 80�C. The salt has been characterized by elemental analysis, visible-U.V. spectroscopy, and 1H n.m.r. In basic solution the complex decomposes by Co-S cleavage to yield [(NH3)5CO-OH]2+ and non-coordinated CH3SCH3. The kinetics of this reaction were studied in phosphate buffers ranging from pH 8.50 to 11.67 ( �= 1.0 M); a linear dependence of the reaction rate on [OH-] was observed. At 25�C, kOH = 8.8 � 0.2 dm3 mol-1 s-1. Activation parameters, determined over a temperature range from 15 to 44�C, were ΔH‡ = 152 � 3 kJ mol-1 and Δ S‡ = 286 � 9 J K-1 mol-1. In 0.01 M HClO4 ( � = 1.0 M, 25�C), the cobaltsulfur bond is cleaved at a rate of 1.6×10-6 s-l. Activation parameters, determined over a temperature range from 25 to 60�C, were ΔH‡ = 106 � 5 kJ mol-1 and ΔS‡= -2 � 16 J K-1 mol-1.
Empirical Additivity of Coupling Pathways in Bicycloalkanes
Authors: Della EW , Pigou PE , Taylor DK , Krivdin LB , Contreras RH
Published: September 2010

Multipath couplings involving 1H-1H, and
13C-13C nuclei in a variety of 1-substituted bicycloalkanes are treated according to additivity principles based on empirical coupling increments derived from model hydrocarbons. The coupling constants are essentially additive in practically all series except for derivatives of bicyclo [1.1.1]pentane; non-additivities of several couplings in the latter are ascribed to the effects of contributions arising from through-space bridgehead-bridgehead interactions, as well as from mutual electronic perturbations between the different pathways. The results are compared with those derived previously from theoretical calculations, which also have some difficulty in reproducing the experimental data in the case of the bicyclo [1.1.1] pentyl system.
Synthesis, Structure and Redox Properties of Nickel Complexes of Cage Amine Ligands
Authors: Clark IJ , Creaser II , Engelhardt LM , Harrowfield JM , Krausz ER , Moran GM , Sargeson AM , White AH
Published: September 2010

The syntheses of complexes containing the [Ni( sar )]2+/3+ and [Ni((NH3)2sar)]4+ ions are described along with an X-ray crystal structure analysis of the salt [Ni((NH3)2sar)] (NO3)4.H2O ( sar is 3,6,10,13,16,19-hexaazabicyclo[6.6.6] icosane ; (NH3)2sar2+ is its 1,8-diammonio derivative). The NiIII ion is a powerful oxidant, with E′ = 0.90 V (v. n.h.e. at 298 K, I = 0.2, aqueous trifluoromethanesulfonate medium), but is relatively stable in dilute aqueous acid. Both the NiII and NiIII complexes of sar have been resolved into their enantiomeric forms, and their absorption, optical rotatory dispersion and circular dichroism spectra recorded and partly analysed. The electron self-exchange rate between enantiomeric forms in the different oxidation states has been measured by a stopped-flow circular dichroism method, and ket = (5.3�0.3)×103 dm3 mol-1 s-1 at 298 K, I = 0.2 (NaCF3SO3). The activation parameters, ΔH‡ 22�4 kJ mol-1 and ΔS‡ -100�12 J K-1 mol-1, and the rate constants are consistent with the comparatively small rearrangements required in the structures of the two ions relative to the optimal cavity radius for the cage of 2.05(1) Ǻ.
Synthesis and Structure of (1,8-Diammonio-3,6,10,13,16,19-hexaazabicyclo[6.6.6]icosane)-nickel(II) Tetrachloride Monohydrate
Authors: Engelhardt LM , Harrowfield JM , Sargeson AM , White AH
Published: September 2010

The synthesis and single-crystal X-ray structure determination of the title compound are
described. Crystals are monoclinic, P 21, a 16.164(9), b 8.277(3), c
8.829(4) Ǻ, β 102.86(4)°, Z 2; 2666 independent 'observed' diffractometer data [I > 3σ(I)] were refined to a residual of 0.045. The cation is unusual amongst complexes of sarcophagine (3,6,10,13,16,19-hexaazabicyclo[6.6.6]icosane) cage amines in adopting a lel2ob conformation, seemingly in response to hydrogen bonding/crystal packing forces. In consequence, unlike the tetranitrate analogue in which Ni-N bond distances are dispersed over a narrow range (2.097(5)-2.119(5) Ǻ; mean 2.109 Ǻ], the coordination sphere is more distorted with one pair of Ni-N distances, cis to each other, being short at 2.081(5) and 2.086(5) Ǻ, while the other four are long, ranging from 2.116(5) to 2.135(5) Ǻ, the mean of this array being 2.111 Ǻ.
Chiral Sulfur Compounds. XX. Solid-State Structures and Conformations of (E) Vinyl Sulfoximines
Authors: Dong ZM , Pyne SG , Skelton BW , White AH
Published: September 2010

The X-ray structural analysis of (E)-S-phenyl-S-(2-phenylethenyl)-N-(p- tolylsulfonyl ) sulfoximine and (E)-N-methyl-S-phenyl-S-(2-phenylethenyl) sulfoximine shows that the s- cis conformation, in which the C=C and S=O bonds are approximately syn coplanar, is favoured in the solid state.
The Alkaloids of Ophiorrhiza filistipula
Authors: Arbain D , Putra DP , Sargent MV
Published: September 2010

Extraction of the fresh leaves of Ophiorrhiza filistipula ( Rubiaceae ) has yielded the alkaloids normalindine (2), 7-methoxycamptothecin (6) and strictosidinic acid (II). The configurations of the Strychnos alkaloids dolichantoside and isodolichantoside are revised.
The Biosynthesis of Labdanoids. The Optical Purity of Naturally Occurring Manool and Abienol
Authors: Carman RM , Duffield AR
Published: September 2010

The co-occurrence in nature of normal- and ent-labdanes is surveyed, and the possibility is explored that the enzyme responsible for the cyclization of geranyl geraniol pyrophosphate to the labdane skeleton allows enantiomeric leakage to yield optically impure products. Naturally occurring manool and abienol have been isolated without enantiomeric fractionation and examined to evaluate in vivo optical purity.
Vicinal C-H Coupling as an Aid to Stereochemical Assignments in Substituted Propenoic Acids
Authors: Keah HH , Rae ID
Published: September 2010

Two isomeric pairs of 3-bromopropenoic acids were prepared and vicinal C-H couplings were measured in their 13C n.m.r. spectra. Complete C-H coupling schemes were also obtained for these and several other propenoic acids. It was seen that the ranges for 3Jtrans and 3Jcis did not overlap, and so a stereochemical assignment based upon n.m.r. data for a single isomer can be made with confidence.
Coordination of 5-Methyl-3,7-diazanonane-1,5,9-triamine (L) to Rhodium(III). Crystal Structure of fac-[Rh(H2L)Cl3] Cl(ClO4).3H2O
Authors: Hambley TW , Hambley TW , Lawrance GA , Lawrance GA , Maeder M , Maeder M , Molloy KJ , Molloy KJ , Rossignoli M , Rossignoli M
Published: September 2010

The branched, potentially quinquedentate , 5-methyl-3,7-diazanonane-1,5,9-triamine (1) reacts in hot water with rhodium(III) chloride to yield fac -[ Rh (H2(1))Cl3]2+. Only upon extended reflux for several weeks is coordination as a quinquedentate achieved. The fac complex was crystallized readily as a mixed chloride perchlorate trihydrate salt, in the triclinic space group Pī , a 8.666(2), b 10.319(2), c 12.558(3) Ǻ, α 94.34(2), β 98.86(2), γ 97.75(2)°, Z = 2; a single-crystal X-ray structure determination was refined to Rw 0.037 for 3703 'observed' reflections. The central primary amine and two adjacent secondary amines occupy an octahedral face, with the chloro ligands then necessarily fac also. The Rh -N distances vary, with the shortest distance to the primary amine [2.023(2)Ǻ] rather than to the secondary amines [2.066(2), 2.077(2) Ǻ], as do the Rh-Cl distances [range 2.345(1)-2.369(1)Ǻ]. The two primary amines on the chain terminals remain uncoordinated, the central facially capping unit preferring coordination first, possibly indicating a general intermediate for coordination of polydentate l igands containing this type of unit.
Metal Ion Binding to Calixarenes: Pendent Arm Coordination Assisted by Self-Inclusion
Authors: Harrowfield JM , Mocerino M , Skelton BW , Whitaker CR , White AH
Published: September 2010

The synthesis and room-temperature single-crystal X-ray structural characterization of 25,27-
di(allyloxy)-5,17-di-t-butyl-26,28-dimethoxycalix[4]arene are recorded. Crystals are monoclinic, C2/c, a 29.089(5), b 10.742(2), c 26.218(8) Ǻ, β 110.09(2)°, Z = 8; the structure was refined to a residual of 0.065 for 4103 independent 'observed' [I > 3σ(I)] reflections. The flattened partial cone conformation of the molecule allows inclusion of one of the methoxy substituents in a way which could block inclusion of a metal ion capable of polyhapto aromatic coordination and which may therefore explain why solution n.m.r. measurements indicate that silver(I) binds to the pendent alkene groups.
An Extension of the Layer-Pore Resistance Model for Electrode Passivation
Authors: Marshall SL
Published: September 2010

A theoretical model for a surface reaction involving the deposition of a non-conducting porous layer by simultaneous spreading and thickening is described. The ratio of the kinetic and Ohmic contributions to the total resistance of the reaction is equal to Wa/θ1/2, where θ is the coverage fraction and Wa is the Wagner number, a dimensionless group which includes the film thickness, electrolyte conductivity and reaction exchange current density. The corresponding contributions to the total overpotential are determined by application of a current-balance condition. Analytical expressions are given for the current-potential curves in the limit of linear polarization, and for the relation between the coverage fraction and the Wagner number at the current peak. It is shown that the linear polarization law is a good approximation if Wa/θ1/2 < 0.1, and that the theory reduces to the layer-pore resistance model when Wa = 0. The behaviour predicted by the theory in the linear and non-linear polarization regimes is compared, and the use of the model in the analysis of experimental results is discussed.
New Dibenzofurans and Depsides From the Lichen Bunodophoron patagonicum
Authors: Elix JA , Elix JA , Venables DA , Venables DA , Wedin M , Wedin M
Published: September 2010

The lichen Bunodophoron patagonicum has been shown to contain five new dibenzo -furans: ascomatic acid (3,7-dimethoxy-1,9-dimethyldibenzofuran-2-carboxylic acid) (2) and the corresponding methyl ester (3); 7-O-methylnorascomatic acid (3-hydroxy-7-methoxy-1,9-dimethyldibenzofuran-2-carboxylic acid) (4) and the corresponding methyl ester (5); and norascomatic acid (3,7-dihydroxy-1,9-dimethyldibenzofuran-2-carboxylic acid) (6). The lichen also contains two new depsides : patagonic acid [2-hydroxy-4-(2′-hydroxy-4′-methoxy-6′-methyl-benzoyloxy)-6-(2′-oxononyl)benzoic acid] (10) and isopatagonic acid [2-hydroxy-4-(2′-hydroxy-4′-methoxy-6′-(2′-oxononyl) benzoyloxy )-6-methylbenzoic acid] (11). The structure of all new natural products was confirmed by total synthesis.
2,9-Dihydroxy- and 2,10-Dihydroxy-1,8-cineole. Two New Possum Urinary Metabolites
Authors: Carman RM , Garner AC , Klika KD
Published: September 2010

2,9-Dihydroxy-1,8-cineole (7a) and the corresponding 2,10-dihydroxy compound (8a) are present in the urine of brushtail possums fed a diet enhanced with 1,8-cineole (1). Chemical syntheses of these two novel metabolites are described.
Steric and Electronic Effects on the Mechanism of the Stevens Rearrangement—Large Organic Ylides of Unusually High Symmetry
Authors: Heard GL , Yates BF
Published: September 2010

Ab initio molecular orbital theory has been used to study the Stevens rearrangement of trimethylammonium methylide, dimethylammonium formylmethylide and trimethylammonium formylmethylide . For each system, the rearrangement is predicted to proceed via dissociation to two radical species followed by recombination to the appropriate alkylamine . In no case is the concerted pathway competitive. Steric effects are less important than electronic effects in stabilizing the ylides, and the introduction of a carbonyl group lowers the energy barrier towards the ylides is predicted to have rigorous C8 symmetry; this unusual situation is brought about by the nature of the substituents around the positive nitrogen and the planarity of the remaining negative portion of the molecule.
Synthesis and X-Ray Structural Characterization of the 1:1 Adduct of Bismuth(III) With the 'saltren' Anion ['saltren' ≡ N(CH2CH2N=CHC6H4OH)3]: A Novel Seven-Coordinate Bismuth(III) Complex
Authors: Bharadwaj PK , Lee AM , Mandal S , Skelton BW , White AH
Published: September 2010

The synthesis and single-crystal X-ray structure determination of the title compound are recorded; crystals are monoclinic, P 21/c, a 10.309(8), b 18.817(7), c 15.542(6) Ǻ, β 121.80(5)°, Z 4; R was 0.038 for 2894 independent, 'observed' [I > 3σ(I)] reflections. The molecule has quasi-3 symmetry, with seven-coordinate bismuth [Bi-N(apical), 2.82(1); Bi-N, 2.512(8)-2.563(9); Bi-O, 2.197(8)-2.300(8)Ǻ].
Simple shearing of soft biological tissues
Authors: Horgan Cornelius O. , Murphy Jeremiah G.
Published: September 2010

Shearing is induced in soft tissues in numerous physiological settings. The limited experimental data available suggest that a severestrain-stiffeningeffect occurs in the shear stress when soft biological tissues are subjected to simple shear in certain directions. This occurs at relatively small amounts of shear (when compared with the simple shear of rubbers). This effect is modelled within the framework of nonlinear elasticity by consideration of a class of incompressibleanisotropicmaterials. Owing to the large stresses generated for relatively small amounts of shear, particular care must be exercised in order to maintain a homogeneous deformation state in the bulk of the specimen. The results obtained are relevant to the development of accurate shear test protocols for the determination of constitutive properties of soft tissues. It is also demonstrated that there is a fundamental ambiguity in determining thenormalstresses in simple shear when soft tissues are modelled as incompressible hyperelastic materials owing to the arbitrary nature of the hydrostatic pressure term. Two physically well-motivated approaches to determining the pressure are presented here, and the resulting hydrostatic stresses are compared and contrasted. The possible generation of cavitational damage owing to critical hydrostatic stress levels is briefly discussed.
Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 deficiency
Authors: MEHTA R. , SHAPIRO A. D.
Published: September 2010

Summary.  Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI‐1) is an important component of the coagulation system that down‐regulates fibrinolysis in the circulation. Reduced PAI‐1 levels may result in increased fibrinolysis and an associated bleeding diathesis. Clear documentation of PAI‐1 deficiency as a cause of a bleeding disorder has been rare. PAI‐1 was initially identified in the 1980s, and the first reported case of PAI‐1 deficiency appeared in 1989. Several reports followed, although only two identified an underlying genetic defect. These reports of PAI‐1 deficiency suggest that affected individuals exhibit mild to moderate bleeding symptoms, including epistaxis, menorrhagia, and delayed bleeding after trauma or surgical procedures. Affected individuals rarely exhibit spontaneous bleeding events commonly seen in other procoagulant deficiencies. The majority of bleeding events are controlled with antifibrinolytic agents, such as tranexamic acid and ε‐aminocaproic acid. A major issue that contributes to difficulty in establishing an accurate diagnosis of PAI‐1 deficiency is that the activity assay is accurate in detection of elevated levels but not at the lowest range. Reported normal ranges begin at zero, thereby making a deficiency state because of a dysproteinaemia difficult to distinguish from that of a normal unaffected individual. Although the antigen assay may be helpful in some circumstances, it assists only with complete quantitative disorders. Because of lack of standardized commercially available PAI‐1 activity assay sensitive in the lowest range, the true prevalence of this rare condition has not been established.
Zur Frage der Erfassung und Charakterisierung der Dissoziationsformen von Brucella abortus*
Authors: Meyn A. , Schmid D. O. , Schrinner E. J.
Published: September 2010

Der 1931 in der Brucellen‐Diagnostik von Alessandrini‐Sabatucci (1) und Pampana (144) eingeführte Trypaflavin‐Test stellt nach zahlreichen eigenen vergleichenden Untersuchungen die einzige Möglichkeit dar, rasch und zuverlässig reine S‐Formen von “Pseudo‐S‐Formen mit R‐Charakter” sowie von anderen übergangs‐ und Mischformen, deren Einordnung in das weite Brucella‐Phasenspektrum nicht immer möglich ist, abzugrenzen. Im Gegensatz zu allen übrigen Formen tritt bei reinen S‐Formen in einer Trypaflavin‐Lösung 1 : 1000 keine Spontanagglutination ein.

Contribution to the understanding and characterisation of the dissociation forms of Brucella abortus

Numerous comparative studies carried out by the author have shown that trypaflavine test introduced by Alessandrini‐Sabatucci (1) and Pampana (144) in 1931 for the bacteriological diagnosis of Brucella abortus is the only one capable of differentiating rapidly and surely the pure S‐forms from the ‘pseudo‐S‐forms with R‐character’, as well as their intermediate and mixed forms, the classification of which in the broad Brucella phase spectrum is not always possible. Contrary to all other forms, the pure S‐forms in a trypaflavine solution (1 : 1000) do not give spontaneous agglutination.

Comment déceler et caractériser les formes de dissociation de Brucella abortus

Le test à la trypaflavine, introduit en 1931 dans le diagnostic bactériologique des Brucella par Alessandrini‐Sabatucci et Pampana (1944) représente, comme l'ont montré les nombreuses recherches comparées entreprises par l'auteur, la seule possibilité de différencier rapidement et avec certitude les formes S‐pures des “pseudo‐formes S avec caractère R” ainsi que d'autres formes intermédiaires ou mélangées dont la classification dans le spectre étendu des Brucella n'est pas toujours possible. Contrairement toutes les autres formes, les formes S pures ne donnent aucune agglutination spontanée dans une solution de trypaflavine au 1/1000e.

Sobre la cuestión del englobamiento y caracterización de las formas de disociación de la Brucella abortus

Con arreglo a múltiples estudios propios comparativos, la prueba de la tripaflavina, intriducida en 1931 en el diagnóstico brucelar por Alessandrini‐Sabatucci (1) y Pampana (1944), representa la única posibilidad de delimitar rápidamente y con seguridad las formas S puras de la “formas pseudo‐S con carácter R” y otras formas de transición y mixtas, cuya inclusión en el amplio espectro brucelar de fases no siempre resulta posible. En contraste con todas las formas restantes, en las formas lisas puras en solución de tripaflavina al 1 por mil no se produce la aglutinación espontánea.
Ein Teratom der Chiasmagegend beim Kaninchen
Authors: Kersting Günter , Hammersen Frithjof
Published: September 2010

Ein bei einem Kaninchen beobachteter Mißbildungstumor mit geweblichen Anteilen aller drei Keimblätter im Bereich des mediobasalen Stirnhirns ist Gegenstand der Darstellung. Neben der großen Seltenheit derartiger Teratome im Tierreich gewinnt der beschriebene Fall eine besondere Bedeutung durch die im Anschluß an eine Infektion mit dem Virus der westlichen Pferdeencephalitis aufgetretenen onkolytischen Alterationen.

A teratoma in the region of the optic chiasma in the rabbit

This is a report of a teratoma with tissues derived from all three germ layers and situated in the medio‐basal region of the frontal lobe. Apart from the extreme rarity of such tumours in animals, the case assumes particular importance because the tumour showed areas of recent focal necrosis which may have been due to inoculation with the virus of Western equine encephalomyelitis. (The animal was being used to produce hyper‐immune serum.)

Un dysembryome de la région du chiasma optique chez le lapin

Une tumeur embryonale comprenant des tissus dérivés des trois feuillets a été trouvée dans la région médio‐basale du lobe frontal et est l'objet d'une description. Outre l'extrême rareté de tels dysembryomes dans le règne animal, le cas rapporté dans cet article prend une importance particulière du fait que cette tumeur présentait des alterations oncolytiques survenues après une infection par le virus ouest de l'encéphalite du cheval.

Un teratome en la región quiásmica del conejo

El objeto de la descripción es un tumor deformante con partes hísticas pertenecientes a las tres hojas blastodérmicas en la zona del lóbulo frontal mediobasal de un conejo. Al lado de la enorme rareza de tales teratomas en el reino animal, el caso descrito tiene una importancia significativa por las alteraciones oncolíticas aparecidas a continuación de la infección con el virus de la encefalomielitis equina tipo occidental.
Capital Market Regimes and Bank Structure in Europe
Authors: SHRIEVES RONALD E. , DAHL DREW , SPIVEY MICHAEL F.
Published: September 2010

We hypothesize that fundamental features that distinguish European capital markets have predictably influenced emerging national differences in bank capitalization and loan growth. Using bank‐level data from 13 European countries, 1998 to 2004, we find evidence of positive effects of “equity‐friendly” market features on bank capitalization and positive effects of both “equity‐friendly” and “credit‐friendly” market features on loan growth. The findings are strongest in small banks and in banks with cooperative charters. Our results suggest that ongoing and prospective integration of European banking markets is mitigated by relatively static features of the equity and credit markets on which banks rely.
Optimal Continuation versus the Timeless Perspective in Monetary Policy
Authors: JENSEN CHRISTIAN , MCCALLUM BENNETT T.
Published: September 2010

The timeless‐perspective approach suggests that policymakers implement in each period policy actions conforming to a rule that would have been fully optimal to adopt in the distant past. A motivating advantage is that policy henceforth would continue by recommending the same optimality conditions if reconsidered, thereby enhancing credibility. We argue that continuation can alternatively be achieved with better results, on average, in terms of policymakers' objectives, by implementing in each period the time‐invariant policy that is optimal from the viewpoint of the contemporary understanding of objectives and constraints, but while ignoring the conditions that happen to prevail at the time.
Hereditary angioedema: an update on available therapeutic options
Authors: Maurer Marcus , Magerl Markus
Published: September 2010

There is no cure for hereditary angioedema (HAE). Therapeutic approaches consist of symptomatic therapy for acute attacks, short‐term prophylaxis before surgery, and long‐term prophylaxis for those with frequent and severe attacks.

In Germany, C1‐INH concentrate and icatibant are licensed for acute therapy. C1‐INH concentrate, which is obtained from human plasma, is administered intravenously to restore the deficient C1‐INH activity. This therapy, which has been available for decades, is effective and well‐tolerated. Batch documentation is required by German law. The synthetic decapeptide icatibant is administered subcutaneously. It competes with bradykinin, the responsible inducer of edema formation, for binding to the bradykinin B2 receptor. Icatibant is also effective and well‐tolerated, even on repeated administration. An additional human C1‐inhibitor, a recombinant human C1‐inhibitor and the recombinant inhibitor of kallikrein ecallantide are currently under development.

There are no licensed treatment options available in Germany for long‐ and short‐term prophylaxis. Androgen derivatives are established in long‐term prophylaxis. However, they are associated with many adverse effects, some of which are severe. Many drug interactions also limit their use. They are contraindicated in pregnancy, lactation, for children and in cases of prostate cancer. Antifibrinolytics have fewer adverse effects but are also less effective than androgens. They are contraindicated in thromboembolic disease and impaired vision. If androgen therapy has too negative an effect on quality of life, it may be worth reducing the dose or discontinuing therapy entirely and treating attacks with acute therapy.
Isolation and Identification of Antioxidant Compounds from Ligularia fischeri
Authors: Shang Ya Fang , Kim Sang Min , Song Dae‐Geun , Pan Cheol‐Ho , Lee Won Jong , Um Byung‐Hun
Published: September 2010

Abstract:  The plant Ligularia fischeri var. spiciformis Nakai, a well‐known edible medicinal herb in Korea, has been used to treat maladies such as jaundice, scarlet fever, rheumatoid arthritis, and hepatic function failure. In this research, 4 major antioxidant compounds were detected from this plant's leaves using an on‐line high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)‐ABTS screening system, which can determine the antioxidant activity based on a decrease in absorbance at 734 nm after postcolumn reaction of HPLC‐separated antioxidants with the 2,2′‐azinobis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) radicals (ABTS•). In order to isolate these active compounds, a preparative HPLC was applied and their chemical structures were identified as 5‐O‐caffeoylquinic acid (5‐CQA), 3,4‐di‐O‐caffeoylquinic acid (3,4‐DCQA), 3,5‐di‐O‐caffeoylquinic acid (3,5‐DCQA), and 4,5‐di‐O‐caffeoylquinic acid (4,5‐DCQA) by ESI/MSn and 1H NMR. These 4 isomers comprised over 10% of the dried leaves, with 3,5‐DCQA being the most abundant compound. The radical scavenging activity of each isomer was also evaluated simultaneously through the on‐line HPLC‐ABTS method, which showed 94% antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract derived from caffeoylquinic acids. Among these isomers, 3,4‐DCQA contained the most strong antioxidant activity while 3,5‐DCQA accounted for the highest radical scavenging capacity due to having the highest content.
Cross‐Functional Teams in Design: A Case Study of the Thermos Thermal Electric Grill
Authors: Faust William
Published: September 2010

IN DESIGN, as in many other disciplines, specialization is becoming the norm. The outcome of this reality is that teams are increasingly seen as the key to successful product development. Illustrating this approach, Bill Faust describes how engineering, production, and marketing talents were combined with consulting design and consumer‐research expertise to distill and fine‐tune the concept that resulted in Thermos' innovative Thermal Electric Grill.
DESIGN IS…
Authors: Peters Tom
Published: September 2010

IT'S A LIST FULL of insights. The title of Tom Peters' litany indicates he's trying to define design. But he really accomplishes much more. In citing so many specific examples, he conveys how valuable design is in establishing the corporate voice. There are many lessons here. Design must be an enduring passion, a long‐term commitment. It must be pervasive, affecting everything from the smallest detail to entire buildings. It must be everyone's concern, from the repairperson and engineer to the consultant and CEO. It must be innovative and daring. This list is good reading!
AFTER YOU OPEN THE BOX: Making Smart Products More Usable, Useful, and Desirable Through Interactive Technology
Authors: Bauer Sherie R. , Mead Pamela
Published: September 2010

IF HIGH TECH IS SUPPOSED TO improve the quality of life, designers have a significant role In fulfilling this promise. In particular, Sherie R. Bauer and Pamela Mead recommend a simultaneous focus on usability, desirability and usefulness as a strategy for creating competitively distinctive products. And to make the leap between theory and practice, they Illustrate their thinking with three case studies that demonstrate the many dimensions of a truly complete design contribution.
CONSULTANTS IN CONCERT: The Making of Bell's New Corporate Identity
Authors: Bouchenoire Jean
Published: September 2010

TODAY, THE COMPLEXITY of certain corporate problems requires blending the talents of several design consultants to develop optimum solutions. The challenge is to devise strategies for managing this diversity. Here, Jean Bouchenoire tells how he “coached” multiple experts—using techniques ranging from a design competition to collaborative decision‐making—to overcome tensions, save time, and balance the need for uniformity versus flexibility in a program that has successfully redefined Bell Canada's identity.
Renewing the Tradition of DESIGN EXCELLENCE in Federal Architecture
Authors: Walton Thomas
Published: September 2010

THE CONSTRUCTION OF multi‐million dollar office complexes and civic buildings, the preservation of cherished landmarks, the renovation of structures with the latest in technology and environmentally conscious building systems—as steward of the federal government's real estate, these are key and highly visible activities of the U.S. General Services Administration. To assure quality in this work, the agency has implemented a Design Excellence Program, policies assessed here by Thomas Walton.
CANADIAN DESIGN and the National Agenda: Toward the Year 2005
Authors: Giard Jacques
Published: September 2010

IN THE 1980s, Canada's National Design Council and Design Canada were disbanded. Jacques Giard explains why and suggests future options, none of which foresee the return of these institutions. Rather, Giard focuses on the need to understand design as process. He recommends designers take control of their own destiny, in part by making significant changes in education, including greater emphasis on interdisciplinary training, the team approach to project development, and rigorous academic program reviews.
THE BARCELONA CENTER FOR DESIGN: 20 Years of Design Promotion in Spain
Authors: Hösselbarth Mai Felip ‐
Published: September 2010

WE SEE WITH SOME ENVY that the Barcelona Design Center (BCD) is what happens when business, government, and design professionals mutually recognize and support design as a critical business strategy. King Juan Carlos is honorary president of BCD and bestows its National Design Award. Equally impressive, as recounted in these pages by Mai Felip, are the breadth of BCD activities—a design consultancy referral service, design audits, a design subsidy grant program, awards, exhibitions, an information center, and more.
A Fitting Approach to Interactive Service Design: THE IMPORTANCE OF EMOTIONAL NEEDS
Authors: Campbell Arnold , Pisterman Susan
Published: September 2010

IN DESIGNING FOR THE INTERNET, the focus has been on the senses and cognitive issues—making sure users understand and are able to explore the environment presented. For Arnold Campbell and Susan Pisterman, however, designs that “fit to” a person's abilities are not enough. The Internet challenge also includes designing experiences that engage and are “fit for” a user's emotions, especially as they relate to self‐esteem and feelings concerning security, self‐concept, affiliation, mission, competence, and power.
A User‐Centered Approach to Ergonomic Seating: A Case Study
Authors: Rutter Bryce G. , Becka Anne Marie , Jenkins David
Published: September 2010

F, IN DESIGN, LITTLE THINGS make the difference, then research is a key pathway to making sure those little things are done right. Co‐authored by Bryce Rutter, Anne Marie Becka, and David Jenkins, this case study on the development of Steelcase's Rapport task chair demonstrates how detailed user need, ergonomics, and design analyses led to a prototype perceived, across a broad range of purchase‐related criteria, as measurably better than the competition.
Coming to Our Senses: Multi‐modal User Interfaces
Authors: Talbott Douglas
Published: September 2010

INTERACTIVE TECHNOLOGIES can handle growing amounts of information and manipulate it in ever more sophisticated ways. To exploit these advances, however, the interface between user and technology must be more fully integrated with human interaction. Describing a future in which sound and touch, as well as 3‐D visuals, might contribute to a network model, Doug Talbott presents a design framework that can help manage the complexity of multimodal interfaces.
Corporate Culture and the Client/Consultant Relationship: A Case Study
Authors: Faust William Hull , Langenderfer Terry
Published: September 2010

IN THE NEXUS BETWEEN client and consultant, the opportunities for innovation are greatly enhanced when, in addition to dealing with the specifics of particular projects, the organizations build a long‐term partnership. Here, Bill Faust and Terry Langenderfer present a case study that suggests that overcoming cultural differences, establishing trust, and developing effective and ongoing communications can be critical to maximizing client/consultant design creativity.
Raising Venture Capital: Design in Business Proposals
Authors: Rogers Amy , Mason Colin
Published: September 2010

BUSINESS “ANGELS” are constantly looking to underwrite potentially profitable innovations. What Amy Rogers and Colin Mason have discovered is that proposals relating design to the core business disciplines of product or service development, marketing, management, operations, finance, and strategy are more attractive to outside investors than those ignoring this dimension.
Dual and Extension Branding: Using Research to Guide Design Decisions and Branding Strategy
Authors: Waters Kevin
Published: September 2010

LEVERAGING THE POWER of existing brands is an increasingly common approach to penetrating new markets. But before managers make the final commitment to multi‐million dollar decisions, Kevin Waters recommends detailed consumer research. The techniques he discusses evaluate criteria such as brand presence, brand elasticity, brand associations, and visual identity, all elements that have a major impact on the effectiveness and design of a brand extension or dual branding program.
Building a Global Brand
Authors: Schechter Alvin H.
Published: September 2010

WHILE THE CONTENT of any brand is ultimately defined and supported by an organization's people, services, and products, the corporate name and logo are essential shorthand for delivering brand messages. In the saga of Imation, told here by Alvin Schechter, we learn how a company spun off from 3M translated its vision and mission into a name and symbol it believes will ultimately help it stand alone as the leading international brand in the information and imaging business.
Building Brand Value
Authors: Briggs Bonnie
Published: September 2010

CATERPILLAR MEANS great earth‐moving equipment. But as Bonnie Briggs explains, the attributes embodied in the Cat brand and its visual expression have meaning and economic value far beyond the realm of heavy machinery. As the company has become more involved in brand extensions, it has come to a better understanding of the Caterpillar brand, as well as how to teach its many constituencies to be creative with and protect this critical asset.
Keeping the Brand Afloat: An Interview with Tom Scott and Tom First of Nantucket Nectars
Authors: Scott Tom , First Tom
Published: September 2010

NEVER ABANDON THE QUALITY, creativity, and commitment that got the company going! As Nantucket Nectars expands its reach around the globe, founders Tom Scott and Tom First reflect on the fundamentals that will continue to make their brand special. Certainly, this involves producing products that stand out in the marketplace. But based on this interview, it also seems to include passing on the corporate legends and work ethic to those that join the Nantucket Nectars team.
Coupling Brand and Organizational Identities Through Partnering
Authors: Schmitt Bernd , Simonson Alex
Published: September 2010

IN JOINT VENTURES, MERGERS, and other relationships, businesses must determine the optimum way to blend their respective brands and identities. Based on an analysis of the purpose behind a partnership and the categorization of identity elements into properties, products, presentations, and publications, Bernd Schmitt and Alex Simonson present a conceptualization for establishing priorities in the branding/identity redesign effort that is needed to support business combinations.
A New British Airways for the New Millennium
Authors: Jones Simon
Published: September 2010

REVAMPING THE BRAND OF a major international corporation is a serious business challenge. Simon Jones details the difficult questions and innovative responses that were part of a multi‐year research and development program to reposition the brand of British Airways. The process not only changes the graphic identity of the organization, it also changes how the airline conceives of its mission and personality and how it nurtures its new vision for the future.
Research in the Business of Design: Denmark's Center for Design and Business Development
Authors: Kristensen Tore
Published: September 2010

DENMARK IS KNOWN FOR its commitment to design excellence. With the establishment of the Center for Design and Business Development, Tore Kristensen and his colleagues have extended this commitment to the realm of design management. Funded by business and design schools and the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, the Center has a research‐driven focus, seeking through carefully defined projects to unveil the links between creative design and business success—insights shared with Denmark's corporate and design leaders.
Seeking the Secret Keys
Authors: Keeley Larry
Published: September 2010

LARRY KEELEY DISCUSSES how designers and design managers who want more‐influential roles in the corporate environment can position themselves as high‐value assets in the business enterprise. He suggests focusing on a more sensitive understanding of end users; better articulating innovation processes; integrating myriad design disciplines in the creation of bold brands and product platforms; and seeking out undiscovered opportunities and responding to them rapidly with imaginative ideas.
Stevenson's Rocket: Design in the Digital Steam Age
Authors: Evans Bill
Published: September 2010

DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES have transformed the design professions and the design process. As Bill Evans sees it, however, even‐greater changes are on the horizon. This capsule history of design and digital media reviews the advantages and limitations of the digital design process and offers a word of advice about the role and costs of digital design. It is also an admonition to use digital technologies not simply to make compelling images, but as a pathway toward integrating users and the many disciplines in the product development cycle.
The Nature of Design Management: Developing a Curriculum Model
Authors: Chung Kyung Won
Published: September 2010

AS DESIGN MANAGEMENT matures from the anecdotal world of legendary design leaders to a profession representing a significant business resource, it is essential to distill an understanding of the content, methodologies, and fit of the discipline. Kyung Won Chung offers several clear definitions of the profession and identifies three levels at which it contributes to the success of the enterprise. He also summarizes the genesis of design management education and outlines a strategy for instructing the next generation of design managers.
Researching the Company Web Site: Look Before You Leap
Authors: Kennedy Bill
Published: September 2010

YEARS OF experience have given Bill Kennedy the foundation on which to discuss key features and design elements of effective Web sites. He comments on identity issues, content guidelines, site organization, and strategies for assuring flexibility. He also gets into the nitty‐gritty—color, fonts, graphics, site navigation, and interfaces with various computers and browsers. As with all things design, there's no perfect approach. Kennedy's contribution is to outline a concise range of Web‐site development options.
Creating an Industry and Culture Through Branding: The Story of Burton Snowboards
Authors: Schriber David , Jager Michael
Published: September 2010

THE MARKET IS young and irreverent. It revels in an outlaw image. In this situation, traditional branding just won't do. Instead, David Schriber and Michael Jager helped to create a “living brand” that shapes and is shaped by the culture of snowboarding. Design is at the heart of this dynamic customer‐centered strategy. The product is always being refined; there are 20 to 30 versions of the corporate mark each season. This is branding with a twist. The constant here is the world of snowboarding, which is always changing.
Act Strategic; Be Cool
Authors: Smith Jeff
Published: September 2010

WTHIN THE broader context of brand development, Jeff Smith focuses on the design of the products. In this arena, he notes the occasional tension between the “cool” things designers want to do and the more mundane realities of the marketplace. Smith suggests that a synthesis is possible—one that can become the basis of a powerful brand—using an analysis of customer needs and the competitive environment to distill creative opportunities and a product vision viable whether the market is new or maturing.
Innocents Abroad: Taking Nickelodeon to the World
Authors: McPherson Michael , Schupack Linda
Published: September 2010

GOING GLOBAL HAS its pitfalls, especially when a brand's acceptance depends on a good cultural fit. What worked so well for Nickelodeon in the US needed a more local slant in the UK. Michael McPherson and Linda Schupack describe some of the problems Nick discovered in its first international foray, and they tell how it quickly devised locally informed brand strategies that have since made its programming a hit not only in England but also in Latin America, Australia, and other European countries.
Sound Marketing in the Age of Experience
Authors: Elias Scott
Published: September 2010

BRANDING IS about building relationships with consumers. It is a multi‐layered strategy that uses “touchpoints” to design and reinforce a coherent and compelling set of product or service experiences and messages. Scott Elias convincingly argues that music should be one of these touchpoints. It reaches directly into a highly charged, emotional dimension of the brain and creates enduring memories. Elias explains how his Sound IdentityTM system takes advantage of this process to generate powerful consumer bonds triggered by music.
Integrating the Product + Brand Experience
Authors: Montague Monty
Published: September 2010

FROM BRAND VISION to product delivery and use, there are many points of contact in an effective customer encounter. Monty Montague urges managers to weave these into a unified and coherent experience. Given the number of decision makers involved in the process, this is easier said than done. Amplifying his points with examples, Montague suggests approaches for achieving this integration with an emphasis on the contributions design makes to a sensually rich, but holistic, experience.
It's Not Sugar‐Coated, but the Information Goes Down
Authors: Morris Ken , Wilder Dave
Published: September 2010

WE ARE INUNDATED with facts and figures and, more significant, often asked to use them as the basis for important decisions. The trouble is, although information may be at our fingertips, much of it is bewildering. What Ken Morris and Dave Wilder so succinctly demonstrate in their graphic essay is that good design, a few straightforward guidelines, and common sense can transform even the most complex content into material that is approachable, easy to understand, and wonderfully useful.
Topical Packaging: Trend or Necessity?
Authors: Visser Edwin
Published: September 2010

PACKAGING IS A critical dimension of branding, a visual shorthand for communicating with consumers. To facilitate recognition and reinforce brand messages, it is generally regarded as a permanent medium—a valuable corporate asset. Edwin Visser, however, makes the case for “topical” packaging—packaging that changes to include special promotions, seasonal associations, historical references, and sponsorship programs—strategies he believes can confirm a brand's vitality, improve sales, and enhance customer loyalty.
Testing Design with Customer Encounters
Authors: Kristensen Tore , Sverdrup‐Jensen Jonas
Published: September 2010

KNOWING THAT CONSUMERS are swayed by emotions, Tore Kristensen and Jonas Sverdrup‐Jensen have initiated research on the empathic dimensions of graphic design. Thus far, their work shows that while design elements can elicit specific reactions—including great admiration—even the most impressive graphics are no substitute for credibility and quality. In the final analysis, their hope is to discover how the emotional response to graphics can be exploited to reinforce more‐rational assessments of a product or service.
Designing for Other Cultures: A Strategic Approach
Authors: Harrel Dan , Prabhu Girish
Published: September 2010

LITTLE THINGS can make a big difference in the global marketplace. Searching for those nuances, Dan Harel and Girish Prabhu present profiles they believe will help Kodak expand its sales in Japan, China, and India. For each country, they distill design priorities and market segments. More important, they make a strong case for exploiting ethnographic research within the “global product” development process.
Creating and Managing Brand EX periences on the Internet
Authors: Schmitt Bernd
Published: September 2010

IF A WEB SITE is well designed, it can be a powerful dimension of the corporate brand. Bernd Schmitt analyzes the issues that contribute to an effective digital strategy. Among his key points: Sites must target the priorities of specific customer segments; they must engage users in both active and interactive experiences; they must be integrated with other brand elements; and they must be supported with quality service. As for the future, Schmitt sees digital brands composed of an increasingly accessible and rich array of sensory experiences.
Performance Metrics to Measure the Value of Design
Authors: Paul Joseph J.
Published: September 2010

AMETHODOLOGY that would rank consumer responses to both product attributes and alternative designs would help rationalize the design process and make it a more reliable business resource. Based on two studies—one involving the design of single‐use cameras and the other investigating the design of Advanced Photo System cameras—Joseph Paul summarizes an approach he is refining to predict the link between design and purchase behavior.
Soul branding:SM How to do it
Authors: Durgee Jeffrey F.
Published: September 2010

The concept of Soul Branding,SM as coined by Elsie Maio of Maio and Company Inc., refers to “aligning corporate behavior with the higher social values in a profitable manner.” Jeffrey Durgee expands on Maio's idea with five kinds of emotional connections: with one's past, with one's self, with the otherworldly, with loved ones, and with humankind and the planet we live on. He defines the attributes of each area and amplifies his analysis with a spectrum of illustrations. The implication of this study is that the “deeper” meaning of soul brands translates into stronger brands.