bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Induction of LTM following an Insulin Injection
Authors: Totani Yuki , Nakai Junko , Dyakonova Varvara E. , Lukowiak Ken , Sakakibara Manabu , Ito Etsuro
Published: April 2020

The pond snailLymnaea stagnalislearns conditioned taste aversion (CTA) and consolidates it into long-term memory (LTM). One-day food-deprived snails (day 1 snails) show the best CTA learning and memory, whereas more severely food-deprived snails (5 d) do not express good memory. However, previous studies showed that CTA-LTM was indeed formed in 5-d food-deprived snails (day 5 snails), but its recall was prevented by the effects of food deprivation. CTA-LTM recall in day 5 snails was expressed following 7 d of feeding and then 1 d of food deprivation (day 13 snails). In the present study, we thus hypothesized that memory recall occurs because day 13 snails are in an optimal internal state. One day of food deprivation before the memory test in day 13 snails increased the mRNA level of molluscan insulin-related peptide (MIP) in the CNS. Thus, we further hypothesized that an injection of insulin into day 5 snails following seven additional days with access to food (day 12 snails) activates CTA neurons and mimics the food deprivation state before the memory test in day 13 snails. Day 12 snails injected with insulin could recall the memory. In addition, the simultaneous injection of an anti-insulin receptor antibody and insulin into day 12 snails did not allow memory recall. Insulin injection also decreased the hemolymph glucose concentration. Together, the results suggest that an optimal internal state (i.e., a spike in insulin release and specific glucose levels) are necessary for LTM recall following CTA training in snails.
Pregnancy during the course of Cushing’s syndrome: a case report and literature review
Authors: Ildefonso-Najarro Sofia Pilar , Plasencia-Dueñas Esteban Alberto , Benites-Moya Cesar Joel , Carrion-Rojas Jose , Concepción-Zavaleta Marcio Jose
Published: April 2020

Cushing’s syndrome is an endocrine disorder that causes anovulatory infertility secondary to hypercortisolism; therefore, pregnancy rarely occurs during its course. We present the case of a 24-year-old, 16-week pregnant female with a 10-month history of unintentional weight gain, dorsal gibbus, nonpruritic comedones, hirsutism and hair loss. Initial biochemical, hormonal and ultrasound investigations revealed hypokalemia, increased nocturnal cortisolemia and a right adrenal mass. The patient had persistent high blood pressure, hyperglycemia and hypercortisolemia. She was initially treated with antihypertensive medications and insulin therapy. Endogenous Cushing’s syndrome was confirmed by an abdominal MRI that demonstrated a right adrenal adenoma. The patient underwent right laparoscopic adrenalectomy and anatomopathological examination revealed an adrenal adenoma with areas of oncocytic changes. Finally, antihypertensive medication was progressively reduced and glycemic control and hypokalemia reversal were achieved. Long-term therapy consisted of low-dose daily prednisone. During follow-up, despite favorable outcomes regarding the patient’s Cushing’s syndrome, stillbirth was confirmed at 28 weeks of pregnancy. We discuss the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of Cushing’s syndrome to prevent severe maternal and fetal complications.

Learning points:

Pregnancy can occur, though rarely, during the course of Cushing’s syndrome.

Pregnancy is a transient physiological state of hypercortisolism and it must be differentiated from Cushing’s syndrome based on clinical manifestations and laboratory tests.

The diagnosis of Cushing’s syndrome during pregnancy may be challenging, particularly in the second and third trimesters because of the changes in the maternal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.

Pregnancy during the course of Cushing’s syndrome is associated with severe maternal and fetal complications; therefore, its early diagnosis and treatment is critical.
Función cognitiva y composición corporal en mujeres adultas mayores
Authors: Rodríguez Perdomo Leonardo , Barón Cuervo Jaime Sneider
Published: April 2020

El test Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) instrumento para medir el deterioro cognitivo leve y estados de demencia en adultos mayores, presenta una correlación frente al componente morfológico. Materiales y Métodos: Se estudiaron 54 sujetos de sexo femenino, entre los 60-70 años de edad, registrando variables morfológicas con el equipo de impedancia SECA mBCA514®, masa magra, masa grasa, masa muscular y masa muscular segmentado en cinco compartimientos; las funciones cognitivas se evaluaron con el test MoCA. Resultados. Los resultados se reportan en medias y desviación estándar en el componente morfológico, para edad años (63.9±3.3), talla m (1.53±0.07), peso Kg (67.04±12.2), perímetro cintura cm (94.4±11,6), IMC (27.6±3.7), masa grasa Kg (26.4±7.4), masa magra Kg (40.6±7.3), masa muscular segmentada en 5 componentes. Para la variable cognitiva con el Moca, para visuo-espacial (2.4±1.1), denominación animal (2.6±0.5), memoria (1.6±1.8), atención (3.3±2.0), lenguaje (1.5±1.0), abstracción (1.3±0.56), orientación (5.7±0.52), total (18.3±5.5).  Se muestran niveles de correlación entre los resultados de Moca y composición corporal. Se encontraron diferentes niveles de correlación entre algunos parámetros de MoCA y parámetros específicos en la composición corporal.
Metodología de entrenamiento aeróbico utilizado por profesionales de fitness
Authors: Cantieri Francys Paula , Gomes de Barros Mauro Virgilio , Aires de Arruda Gustavo , Gome Antonio Carlos , Marques Aranha Ágata Cristina
Published: April 2020

La capacidad aeróbica es un componente importante de la aptitud física relacionada con la salud y su planificación es fundamental para un programa de ejercicios. El objetivo de este estudio fue diagnosticar la metodología utilizada por los profesionales del fitness para prescribir ejercicios aeróbicos y su correspondencia con los valores propuestos en la literatura. Participaron 452 profesionales masculinos y femeninos de Londrina - PR y São Paulo - SP. Se utilizó un cuestionario que contenía 46 preguntas relacionadas con la metodología del ejercicio físico, en el que solo se consideraron las preguntas relacionadas con la capacidad aeróbica. La mayoría de los profesionales prescribe entre el 61 y el 80% del VO2 máximo, adopta la FC entre 141 y 160 BPM, usa entre 31 y 45 minutos en el entrenamiento de pérdida de grasa corporal, utilizando la ergometría como un medio de práctica. La mayoría de ellos no realizan pruebas de aptitud aeróbica en sus programas de ejercicio. En general, los profesionales utilizan valores porcentuales de V02 máximo, FC y duración de la estancia para la pérdida de grasa, correspondientes a los recomendados en la literatura.
Transparansi Kebijakan Publik Sebagai Strategi Nasional Dalam Menanggulangi Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Muis Afni Regita Cahyani
Published: April 2020

AbstrakDunia sedang diperhadapkan dengan pandemi COVID-19 yang meluluhlantakkan aktivitas sosial, sektor ekonomi, politik, bahkan pendidikan. Negara-negara yang terancam terkena dampak pandemi COVID-19 melakukan berbagai upaya untuk menanggulangi wabah dari virus mematikan tersebut. Konsep transparansi pemerintah memainkan peran kunci dalam memberikan decision making yang efektif bagi output kebijakan publik dalam aksi cepat tanggap penanggulangan COVID-19. Analisis Transparansi dalam penelitian ini adalah kebijakan publik di berbagai negara, seperti Tiongkok, Korea Selatan, Taiwan, Vietnam, dan Kanada yang berhasil menerapkan konsep transparansi untuk mewujudkan sistem good governance. Penelitian ini bertujuan menjadi lessons dari negara lain bagi strategi nasional, khususnya Indonesia dalam menanggulangi Pandemi COVID-19. Metode penelitian ini merupakan studi komparasi dengan learning experience sebagai media analisis dengan kajian literatur.  Kata Kunci: Transparansi, Kebijakan Publik, Strategi Nasional, Pandemi, COVID-19
Relationship between problematic Internet use and age at initial weekly Internet use
Authors: Nakayama Hideki , Ueno Fumihiko , Mihara Satoko , Kitayuguchi Takashi , Higuchi Susumu
Published: April 2020

Background and aims

An important proportion of infants and adolescents in Japan are using Internet-equipped devices, including smartphones, tablets, and game consoles. However, the relationship between the risk of IA and the age at initial habitual Internet use remains unknown. We aimed to investigate this relationship among adolescents.

Methods

We surveyed 1,775 subjects in seven public junior high schools in Kanagawa prefecture, Japan, in November 2017. Students were asked to complete the Young's Diagnostic Questionnaire (YDQ), which captured information regarding gender, school grade, night sleep, age at which they first started using the Internet at least once weekly, Internet usage situation, and Internet use time for purposes other than study. Data from subjects who reported experience of weekly Internet use were analyzed.

Results

Junior high school students who were younger at initial weekly Internet use tended to have problematic Internet use (PIU) and to spend more time on Internet activities. In particular, initial weekly Internet use before the age of five in boys was associated with a significantly increased risk of PIU (YDQ ≥ 5), with an odds ratio of 14.955, compared with initial weekly Internet use after the age of 12. Smartphone ownership significantly increased the risk of PIU compared with no ownership among the total population and among girls.

Discussion and Conclusions

Junior high school male students displayed a robust relationship between initial weekly Internet use and PIU, whereas junior high school female students displayed a particularly strong relationship between smartphone ownership and PIU. Therefore, longitudinal IA preventive education from an early age is necessary.
Low testosterone: Androgen deficiency, endurance exercise training, and competitive performance
Authors: Hackney AC , Hooper DR
Published: April 2020

Purpose

Our intent was to (a) characterize weekly changes in resting testosterone (T), cortisol (C), and the T:C ratio in males during an intensive endurance training program, and (b) determine if clinical androgen deficiency (AD) based upon T-level criteria developed.

Methods

An 18-week training program in which individual training volume (km/week) increased at 25% increments over baseline (BL) levels observed prior to the study beginning at 4-week intervals throughout the first 12 weeks. After 12 weeks, the volume was reduced to that of the first 4 weeks until the study end (week 18). Competitive performance running tests were assessed at BL and every 4 weeks, while blood T and C were assessed weekly.

Results

Performance improved from BL at weeks 4–16 (p < 0.01). T was reduced (p < 0.01) from BL at weeks 3, and 5–18. The greatest reduction from BL was at week 13, subsequently T returned toward BL at week 18. C was highly variable, and no significant changes from BL were noted. The T:C ratio at weeks 5, 6, and 8–16 was significantly less than at BL (p < 0.01), the greatest reduction at week 13. The T:C ratio values also returned toward BL by week 18. Finally, ∼50% of the subjects reached T levels to be classified as AD.

Conclusions

Sports scientists should recognize decreases in T or T:C ratio is not always indicative of compromised competitive performance potential. Clinicians should be aware increased training loads can lead to AD in men.
Decrescent intensity training concurrently improves maximal anaerobic power, maximal accumulated oxygen deficit, and maximal oxygen uptake
Authors: Ozaki H , Kato G , Nakagata T , Nakamura T , Nakada K , Kitada T , Katamoto S , Naito H
Published: April 2020

This study aimed to investigate the effects of a gradually decreasing intensity training from that corresponding to maximal anaerobic power (MAnP) to that of near maximal oxygen uptake () (decrescent intensity training) on MAnP, maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD), and in untrained young men. Seventeen untrained young men were randomly divided into either a training (TR; n = 9) group or a control (CON; n = 8) group. The TR group performed the decrescent intensity training, whereas the CON group did not perform any exercises. The mean training time per session throughout the training period was 275 ± 135 s. There was a Group × Time interaction for both absolute and relative (p < 0.01) values of , MAOD, and MAnP. The TR group had significantly increased values for all variables after the 8-week training program, and the relative values of all variables were significantly higher in the TR group than in the CON group. Muscle thicknesses in the anterior and posterior aspects of the thigh and maximal isokinetic knee extension and flexion strengths improved only in the TR group (p < 0.05). A single-exercise training with gradually decreasing intensity from that corresponding to the MAnP to that of approximately 100% improves MAnP, MAOD, and concurrently, despite the short training time per session.
Proprioceptive accuracy is not associated with self-reported body awareness, body competence, and affect
Authors: Horváth Á , Ferentzi E , Köteles F
Published: April 2020

Purpose

Proprioception plays an essential role in motor control and in psychological functioning: it is the basis of body schema and the feeling of body ownership. There are individual differences in the processing accuracy of proprioceptive stimuli. Although proprioceptive acuity plays an important role in physical competence, there are contradictory findings concerning the role it plays in healthy psychological functioning. This study aims to shed more light on this association.

Material and methods

Sixty-eight young adults participated in this study. We estimated proprioceptive acuity by the reposition accuracy of elbow joint positions. We tested both dominant and non-dominant hands with two different versions of Joint Position Reproduction Test. Perceived physical competence, body awareness, and affectivity were assessed using questionnaires (Physical Competence scale of Body Consciousness Questionnaire, Somatic Absorption Scale, and Positive and Negative Affectivity Schedule, respectively).

Results

No significant association between proprioceptive acuity and body awareness, perceived body competence, and positive and negative affect was found.

Conclusion

Proprioceptive acuity, measured in the elbow joint, does not play a substantial role in body awareness, perceived body competence, and affect.
The importance of ST elevation in V2–4 ECG leads in athletes
Authors: Major Zs , Kirschner R , Medvegy N , Kiss K , Török GM , Pavlik G , Simonyi G , Komka Zs , Medvegy M
Published: April 2020

Background

Early repolarization in the anterior ECG leads (ERV2–4) is considered to be a sign of right ventricular (RV) remodeling, but its etiology and importance are unclear.

Methods

A total of 243 top-level endurance-trained athletes (ETA; 183 men and 60 women, weekly training hours: 15–20) and 120 leisure-time athletes (LTA; 71 men and 49 women, weekly training hours: 5–6) were investigated. The ERV2–4 sign was evaluated concerning type of sport, gender, transthoracic echocardiographic parameters, and ECG changes, which can indicate elevated RV systolic pressure [left atrium enlargement (LAE), right atrium enlargement (RAE), RV conduction defect (RVcd)].

Results

Stroke volume and left ventricular mass were higher in ETAs vs. LTAs in both genders (p < 0.01). Prevalence of the ERV2–4 sign was significantly higher in men than in women [p = 0.000, odds ratio (OR) = 36.4] and in ETAs than in LTAs (p = 0.000). The highest ERV2–4 prevalence appeared in the most highly trained triathlonists and canoe and kayak paddlers (OR = 13.8 and 5.2, respectively). Within the ETA group, the post-exercise LAE, RAE, and RVcd changes developed more frequently in cases with than without ERV2–4 (LAE: men: p < 0.05, females: p < 0.005; RAE: men: p < 0.05, females: p < 0.005; RVcd: N.S.). These post-exercise appearing LAE, RAE, and RVcd are associated with the ERV2–4 sign (OR = 4.0, 3.7, and 3.8, respectively).

Conclusions

According to these results, ERV2–4 develops mainly in male ETAs due to long-lasting and repeated endurance training. The ERV2–4 sign indicates RV’s adaptation to maintain higher compensatory pulmonary pressure and flow during exercise but its danger regarding malignant arrhythmias is unclear.
Betanin effect on PPAR-α and SREBP-1c expression in NMRI mice model of steatohepatitis with fibrosis
Authors: Yahaghi L. , Yaghmaei Parichehreh , Hayati-Roodbari N. , Irani S. , Ebrahim-Habibi A.
Published: April 2020

Purpose

Betanin is a betacyanin with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities whose effects were investigated in a nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) model.

Main methods

Ninety-six male naval medical research institute (NMRI) mice were divided into eight groups (n = 12) including normal control, high fat diet (HFD), Sham, and positive control treated with trans-chalcone. Three experimental groups were treated with 5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg betanin, and a betanin protective group was also defined.

Results

Four weeks of HFD treatment resulted in steatohepatitis with associated fibrosis. Significant increase was observed in serum levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), glucose, insulin, leptin, liver enzymes, malondialdehyde (MDA), furthermore insulin resistance and (sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c) SREBP-1c were detected. Levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), adiponectin, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and PPAR-α (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α) considerably decreased. Treatment by betanin, particularly the 20 mg/kg dosage, attenuated these changes.

Conclusion

Betanin is a potential treating agent of steatohepatitis and works through up-regulation of PPAR-α, down-regulation of SREBP-1c, modification of adipokine levels and modulation of lipid profile.
Medullary thyroid cancer is associated with high serum vitamin D level and polymorphism of vitamin D receptors
Authors: Ramezani M , Mazani M , Tabatabaei M , Rahimian A , Mosaferi E , Hedayati M
Published: April 2020

Background

Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy. Studies have observed an anti-cancer effect for vitamin D and found that polymorphisms of vitamin D receptors can influence the prevalence of various cancers. The present study investigated the serum level of vitamin D and FokI, BsmI and Tru9I polymorphisms of vitamin D receptors.

Methods

Forty patients with medullary thyroid cancer and 40 healthy controls were investigated. The genomic DNA of the subjects was extracted using saturated salt/proteinase K and investigated by PCR sequencing. Serum levels of vitamin D were evaluated by ELISA. The results were analyzed in SPSS and GraphPad Prism 5 software.

Results

The genotypic and allelic frequencies of FokI and BsmI polymorphisms showed no significant differences between test and control groups. For Tru9I polymorphism, Tt genotype and t allelic frequency in the test group were significantly different from those of the control group. Also, we found Tt genotype and t allelic frequency to be significantly associated with medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) type and the agressiveness of the disease. The average serum vitamin D level was 23.32 ng/mL and 18.95 ng/mL for patients and controls, respectively, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant. Moreover, we found high serum vitamin D level to be associated with t allelic frequency.

Conclusions

Unexpectedly, the mean serum vitamin D level of the test group was significantly higher than that of the control group. Tru9I polymorphism was found to be significantly correlated with the prevalence of medullary thyroid carcinoma.
Testicularis adrenalis rest tumor a congenitalis adrenalis hyperplasia hátterében
Authors: Brzózka Ádám , Kuthi Levente , Hajdú Erzsébet , Magony Sándor , Király István Előd , Kincses Zsigmond Tamás , Szatmári Angelika , Szalma Emese , Palkó András , Fejes Zsuzsanna
Published: April 2020

Absztrakt:

A congenitalis adrenalis hyperplasia különféle megjelenési formáiban a
testicularis adrenalis rest tumorok prevalenciája eltérő. A tapintható,
általában kétoldali hereelváltozás az esetek 90–95%-ában a 21-hidroxiláz enzim
hiánya okozta mellékvesekéreg-hyperplasia következményeként jelenik meg. Az
adrenalis rest tumorok, bár jól ismert elváltozások, diagnózisuk és kezelésük
multidiszciplináris megközelítést igényel. Az endokrinológiai, urológiai,
patológiai és radiológiai szakmák együttműködése kiemelkedően fontos. Amennyiben
korai stádiumban felismerésre kerül, adekvát szteroidhormon-emelés segíthet a
térfoglalás méretének csökkentésében. Késői felismerés esetén azonban
irrevezibilis károsodás jön létre, mely infertilitáshoz vezet. Mivel a kezelés
az egyéb jó- és rosszindulatú hereelváltozásokhoz képest jelentősen különbözik,
fontos a korai és pontos diagnózis felállítása. Esetismertetésünk kapcsán a
testicularis adrenalis rest tumorok differenciáldiagnoszikai és kezelési
nehézségeit multidiszciplináris szemszögből mutatjuk be. Orv Hetil. 2020;
161(16): 623–631.
A Nap sötét oldala: retinopathia solaris esetének multimodális bemutatása
Authors: Molnár Adél , Gombocz Eszter , Nagy Zoltán Zsolt , Schneider Miklós
Published: April 2020

Absztrakt:

A solaris retinopathia a fotoreceptorok és a retina pigmentepitheliumának
ultraibolya (UV) fény okozta fotokémiai és termikus károsodása. A behatás
következtében a leggyakoribb panaszok között a visuscsökkenés, a homályos látás
és a pozitív scotomák szerepelnek. A diagnózis alkotásában az optikai koherencia
tomográfia (OCT), a mikroperimetria és a fluoreszcein angiográfia (FLAG) nyújt
segítséget. A szerzők egy 18 éves férfi esetét mutatják be, aki prolongált
napfény-expozíció után jelentkezett a Semmelweis Egyetem Szemészeti Klinikáján,
mindkét szemet érintő centralis scotoma miatt. Az OCT-felvételeken a retina
egyes rétegeiben folytonossághiányt és reflexiófokozódást figyeltünk meg, míg
mikroperimetriás vizsgálattal a laesióknak megfelelően érzékenységcsökkenés volt
tapasztalható. A féléves követés során a jobb retina folytonossághiánya
csökkent, míg a bal oldal teljes restitúciót mutatott. A mikroperimetriás lelet
az OCT-n látottakkal korrelált. A beteg szubjektív panasza a jobb szemén
minimálisra csökkent, mindennapi életét nem korlátozza, a bal szemére megszűnt.
A solaris retinopathiának jelenleg specifikus terápiája nincs. A panaszok és az
eltérések kedvező esetben 3–6 hónap alatt normalizálódnak, ez felhívja a
figyelmet a megfelelő tájékoztatás és a prevenció szerepére. Orv Hetil. 2020;
161(16): 632–636.
DOHaD (Barker-hipotézis): egy betegségorientált, korszakalkotó, brit eredetű teória, magyar gyökerekkel
Authors: Csaba György
Published: April 2020

Absztrakt:

A „developmental origin of health and disease” (DOHaD-) teória 1986-ban jelent
meg, összehasonlító epidemiológiai vizsgálatokkal bizonyítva a korai fejlődésben
megmutatkozó kóros eltérések (például alul- vagy túltápláltság, csecsemőkori
halálozás) statisztikai összefüggését felnőttkori nem kommunikábilis betegségek
(például ischaemiás szívbetegségek, hypertonia) megjelenésével – és azóta
széleskörűen elterjedt. A teória nagyon hasonló a hormonális imprinting
koncepciójához, mely 6 évvel korábban jelent meg, és állatkísérletek alapján
bizonyította a hormonszerű molekulákkal való perinatalis találkozás szerepét a
felnőttkori endokrin és endokrin szabályozás alatt álló kóros jelenségek
fellépésében. Ami mindkét teóriában azonos, az a perinatalis expozíció és a
felnőttkori jelenség (betegség) összefüggése – ez az epigenetikai programozás
zavarára utal. Barker a rendkívül fontos DOHaD-elmélet megalkotásakor már
ismerte a hormonális imprintinget, amelyet a DOHaD lehetséges okának minősített,
s ez bátoríthatta az elmélet kidolgozásakor. Barker szerint a DOHaD a nem
fertőző betegségekre vonatkozik, de figyelembe véve, hogy a hibás hormonális
imprinting az immunrendszer felnőttkori működését is alapvetően és életreszólóan
befolyásolja, lehetséges a fertőző betegségek, sőt az élettartam érintettsége
is. A perinatalis időszakon kívüli kritikus periódus még a pubertás, amikor
hibás átprogramozódás fordulhat elő, de bizonyos, folyamatosan differenciálódó
sejtrendszerekben (például az immunrendszerben) a hibás imprinting felnőttkorban
is létrejöhet. A két teória nem versenyez egymással, de eltérő módszereket
alkalmazva és azonos következtetésre jutva kiegészíti és támogatja egymást,
számos betegség epigenetikai magyarázatát (hibás átprogramozás) adva meg. A
DOHaD és előzménye, a hormonális imprinting tehát nemcsak teóriák, de
realitások, melyeket a diagnosztikában éppúgy, mint a terápiában ajánlatos
figyelembe venni. Végiggondolva az emberi alkotótevékenység tendenciáit, a DOHaD
(és a hibás imprinting) jelentősége a közeli és távoli jövőben várhatólag
növekedni fog. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(16): 603–609.
A COVID–19-betegek kórházon belüli újraélesztésének speciális szempontjai
Authors: László István , Molnár Csilla , Koszta György , Végh Tamás , Fábián Ákos , Berhés Mariann , Juhász Marianna , Fülesdi Béla
Published: April 2020

Absztrakt:

A koronavírus-pandémia számos kihívással szembesíti az egészségügyi
ellátószemélyzetet. A vírus cseppfertőzéssel terjed, és magas a virulenciája,
ezért minden olyan beavatkozás, mely légúti aeroszolképződéssel jár,
potenciálisan veszélyezteti az ellátásban részt vevők egészségét. A
koronavírus-fertőzés mortalitása akár 10% feletti lehet, ezért a
COVID–19-betegek körében gyakori a reanimáció. A reanimáció során fokozott a
légúti aeroszolképződés valószínűsége, így magas az ellátószemélyzet
fertőződésének a veszélye. Cikkünk célja, hogy gyakorlatorientált áttekintést
adjon a koronavírussal fertőzött betegek újraélesztésének specialitásairól. Orv
Hetil. 2020; 161(17): 710–712.
Estimation of water retention behaviour of bentonite based on mineralogy and mercury intrusion porosimetry tests
Authors: Abed Ayman A. , Sołowski Wojciech T.
Published: April 2020

In this paper a water retention model is developed based on soil mineralogy and microscopic features of material behaviour. The model estimates the water content at a given total suction as the sum of the bentonite minerals’ interlayer water and water in the interparticle pores. The paper proposes simple formulae to estimate the interlayer water content and interlayer void ratio based on mineralogical properties. Additionally, the model uses mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) measurements to approximate the water content in the larger pores. The validation of the proposed procedure relies on published data for MX-80 and GMZ bentonites and yields promising results. Even though the discussion and the validation are restricted to bentonite here, the procedure is generic in nature and can be modified easily for other geomaterials. The paper also offers insights into the links between a soil's microstructure and its macroscopic behaviour. The contribution provides a new tool for quick indirect estimation of the water retention behaviour of porous materials with known mineral composition and available microstructural data – for example, based on the MIP tests. Such a tool is of great practical interest in design – for example, nuclear waste repositories, where a large material pool may be considered initially.
Annual variation characteristics of eutrophication in Dongting Lake, China
Authors: Xue Yun , Liu Fengjiao , Liu Jianglong , Sun Yurong
Published: April 2020

The seasonal variation characteristics of eutrophication based on HJ-1 data and synchronous observation data on the ground were studied to provide a theoretical basis for the restoration and management of eutrophication in Dongting Lake. The remote sensing model of chlorophyll-a concentration inversion was established through the comparative analysis of the linear model, exponential model, logarithmic model and quadratic polynomial model by 38 kinds of band combinations. The average relative error was 22.81%. The RMSE of 13.71 mg/m3was far lower than the average concentration of 34.16 mg/m3. The results showed the following. (i) From the perspective of time distribution, the eutrophication degree decreased successively in summer, autumn, spring, and winter. Dongting Lake is mainly in the state of moderate nutrition, which may be attributed to its unique hydrological conditions (short water cycle and fast flow rate). (ii) Eutrophicated water bodies are mainly distributed in the East Dongting Lake and inner lake where the water flow is relatively slow. The water bodies with pool nutrient status are mainly distributed in the outer lake areas where the water flows faster, such as West Dongting Lake.
Protein Kinase C-δ Mediates Kidney Tubular Injury in Cold Storage–Associated Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Zhu Jiefu , Zhang Gang , Song Zhixia , Xiang Xiaohong , Shu Shaoqun , Liu Zhiwen , Yang Danyi , Wei Qingqing , Dong Zheng
Published: April 2020

Significance Statement

Use of cold storage for organ preservation in kidney transplantation is associated with cold ischemia-reperfusion injury that contributes to delayed graft function and affects the long-term outcome of transplanted kidneys. Using rat proximal tubule cells and a mouse model, the authors demonstrated that protein kinase C-δ (PKCδ), which is implicated in ischemia-reperfusion injury in other organs, is activated in tubular cells during cold storage–associated transplantation and accumulates in mitochondria. There, it mediates phosphorylation of a mitochondrial fission protein, dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), at serine 616. Drp1 activation leads to mitochondrial fragmentation, accompanied by mitochondrial damage and kidney tubular cell death. Genetic ablation (in PKCδ-knockout mice) or use of a peptide inhibitor of PKCδ reduced kidney injury in cold storage–associated transplantation, pointing to PKCδ as a promising therapeutic target for kidney transplant.

Background

Kidney injury associated with cold storage is a determinant of delayed graft function and the long-term outcome of transplanted kidneys, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. We previously reported a role of protein kinase C-δ (PKCδ) in renal tubular injury during cisplatin nephrotoxicity and albumin-associated kidney injury, but whether PKCδ is involved in ischemic or transplantation-associated kidney injury is unknown.

Methods

To investigate PKCδ’s potential role in injury during cold storage–associated transplantation, we incubated rat kidney proximal tubule cells in University of Wisconsin (UW) solution at 4°C for cold storage, returning them to normal culture medium at 37°C for rewarming. We also stored kidneys from donor mice in cold UW solution for various durations, followed by transplantation into syngeneic recipient mice.

Results

We observed PKCδ activation in both in vitro and in vivo models of cold-storage rewarming or transplantation. In the mouse model, PKCδ was activated and accumulated in mitochondria, where it mediated phosphorylation of a mitochondrial fission protein, dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), at serine 616. Drp1 activation resulted in mitochondrial fission or fragmentation, accompanied by mitochondrial damage and tubular cell death. Deficiency of PKCδ in donor kidney ameliorated Drp1 phosphorylation, mitochondrial damage, tubular cell death, and kidney injury during cold storage–associated transplantation. PKCδ deficiency also improved the repair and function of the renal graft as a life-supporting kidney. An inhibitor of PKCδ, δV1-1, protected kidneys against cold storage–associated transplantation injury.

Conclusions

These results indicate that PKCδ is a key mediator of mitochondrial damage and renal tubular injury in cold storage–associated transplantation and may be an effective therapeutic target for improving renal transplant outcomes.
The contribution of ceramic thickness and adhesive type on the de-bonding strength of dental ceramic veneers using Er,Cr:YSGG laser.
Authors:   Dicle University Dentistry Faculty, Prosthodontics Dept, Diyarbakır, Turkey., Dundar Yilmaz Berivan , Seyfioglu Polat Zelal ,   Dicle University Dentistry Faculty, Prosthodontics Dept, Diyarbakır, Turkey., Deniz Izgi Ayca ,   Dicle University Dentistry Faculty, Prosthodontics Dept, Diyarbakır, Turkey., Toprak Gunduz Derya ,   Adiyaman University Dentistry Faculty, Prosthodontics Dept, Adiyaman, Turkey., Seseogullari Dirihan Roda ,   Turku University, Dental Materials Dept, Turku, Finland.
Published: April 2020

Purpose: De-bonding strength of ceramic veneers by laser use needs to be evaluated in detail. The aim of this study, is to determine the contribution of ceramic thickness and cementing agents to the de-bonding strength of ceramic veneers using Er,Cr:YSGG laser. Methods: A total of 120 maxillary central incisors specimens were randomly divided into twelve groups on the basis of disc thickness, cementing agent, and Er,Cr:YSGG laser use. Under laboratory conditions, 120 IPS Empress II system discs 0.5mm, 1mm, and 2mm in thickness were applied to the tooth surfaces, for laser use. An Er,Cr:YSGG laser system was applied to the central surface of the IPS Empress II discs on specimens in all laser groups (Groups 1,3,5,7,9,11). Then the shear bond strength (SBS) for all specimens were tested with a testing machine at a speed of 0.5mm/min. The SBS values were considered as the de-bonding strength. Results: The mean de-bonding strength values for Groups 9 and 11 (0,5 mm disc thickness + laser application) have the lowest median load (0.000 N), while Group 4 (2mm disc thickness + no laser) has the highest median load (573.885 N). The de-bonding strengths of all the groups without laser application were higher than those of all groups with laser use. When laser is applied, the mean de-bonding strength decreases with decreasing disc thickness, and it reaches zero at 0.5mm thickness of discs cemented by self- or total-etch adhesives. Conclusions: The de-bonding strength decreases with laser use, and decreasing disc thickness. In the absence of laser, the mean de-bonding values of discs cemented by a total etch adhesive system are always higher than those of discs cemented with a self-etch adhesive system. Without any extra load, all 0.5mm thick discs were dislodged from teeth while applying or testing the laser.
Educação permanente com agentes comunitários de saúde para instrumentalização da visita domiciliar: relato de experiência
Authors: Siega Cheila Karei , Vendruscolo Carine , Zanatta Elisangela Argenta
Published: April 2020

OBJETIVO: relatar o processo de educação permanente com agentes comunitários de saúde, para instrumentalizá-los à Visita Domiciliar, por meio da reestruturação coletiva de um Roteiro, à luz da Promoção da Saúde. MÉTODO: estudo descritivo, tipo relato de experiência, desenvolvido em um município do Meio Oeste catarinense entre os meses de novembro e dezembro de 2017. Participaram atores em uma área assistida pela Estratégia Saúde da Família que representam o ensino, a gestão, a atenção e o controle social, em quatro encontros orientados por Círculos de Cultura. RESULTADOS: foi reestruturado e validado um Roteiro para a Visita Domiciliar, explorando-se a temática da Promoção da Saúde, como tecnologia para utilização dos agentes comunitários de saúde. A ação fomentou a consciência crítica e a autonomia dos envolvidos. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: houve um efetivo movimento de educação permanente, tendo o agente comunitário de saúde como protagonista. Destaca-se os Círculos de Cultura como uma estratégia como facilitadora do processo, cujo resultado foi a construção coletiva de uma tecnologia que, certamente, irá contribuir para a reorientação do serviço, na perspectiva da Promoção da Saúde.
The role of multiprotein bridging factor 1 (MBF1c) in Funariaceae species under salt stress v1
Authors: Victória Magalhães de Vargas Maria , Afonso Kessler de Andrade Guilherme , Navarrete Bohi Goulart Sara , Mota Bernardes Bruna , Victoria Filipe
Published: April 2020

Bryophytes are one of the most successful plants in nature and can tolerate several environmental stresses, such as saline stress. MBF1 is a transcription factor that may be involved in reprogramming transcription, which in turn may confer tolerance to stress conditions. The objective of this study was to quantify PaMBF1c under saline stress in three species of moss:Funaria hygrometrica,Physcomitrium acutifolium, andPhyscomitrella patens. All moss species underwent 12 h and 24 h treatment with salt at different concentrations, followed by qRT-PCR experiments. In F. hygrometrica, the MBF1c gene was up-regulated when subjected to 12 h salt treatment at a medium concentration, and may be an important factor for the tolerance of plants to NaCl concentrations. InP. acutifolium,24 h NaCl treatment at of 400, 600, and 800 mM resulted in a gradual up-regulation of MBF1c expression, reflective of the increasing NaCl concentration. InPhyscomitrella,the expression profile of MBF1c showed a down-regulation when treated with 200, 400, and 800 mM NaCl, suggesting that MBF1c may not interfere with the saline stress response in this plant. The diversity of these expression profiles demonstrate that the MBF1c response is not universal neither among plants nor between species of the same family, as shown in the mosses studied.
Insulin Tolerance Test in Mouse v1
Authors: Smith Nancy , Ferdaoussi Mourad , Lin Haopeng , E Macdonald Patrick
Published: April 2020

This protocol details the insulin tolerance test in mice. This is performed on C57Bl6, transgenic SENP1 KO and ZMIZ1 KO mouse models. Typically glucose tolerance tests (GTTs) are performed at 12 weeks of age, followed by an ITT 2 weeks later. Some mice are put on High Fat Diet and an ITT repeated following 10 weeks on High Fat Diet. Once the in vivo studies are complete, the pancreas or islets are isolated for further ex vivo experiments.
MUHAMMADIYAH SEBAGAI GERAKAN ISLAM DAN PENDIDIKAN
Authors: Zarro Mar'ati
Published: April 2020

Muhammadiyah adalah suatu gerakan Islam, Dakwah Amar Makruf Nahi Munkar, beraqidah Islam dan sumbernya berpatokan pada Al-Qur'an serta Sunnah, muhammadiyah ini pendirinya adalah K.H. A. Dahlan pada 8 Dzulhijjah 1330 Hijriyah atau pada tanggal 18 November 1912 M di Yogyakarta. Perkembangan Muhammadiyah sendiri ternyata sangat cepat. Beberapa tahun setelah berdiri saja, telah berdiri cabang-cabang Muhammadiyah. Di Srandakan, Wonosari, Imogiri, dan lain sebagainya. Untuk menghindari suatu hal yang tidak diinginkan terjadi –saat itu pihak Hindia Belanda menolak perkembangan Muhammadiyah. Berdirinya pendidikan Muhammadiyah didasarkan oleh motivasi teologis bahwa derajat keimanan dan ketaqwaan yang sempurna akan mampu dicapai umat jika mereka memiliki kedalaman ilmu pengetahuan. Rasa nasionalisme akan tumbuh bila setiap individu warga negara mematuhi hokum-hukum, kemudian lebih mengedepankan pelaksanaan kewajiban sebelum menuntut haknya. Langkah ini kemudian bisa dicapai bila setiap warga negara mempunyai disiplin yang tinggi dan cinta tanah air.
The Development of Science Comic in Human Digestive System Topic for Junior High School Students
Authors: Roswati Nelah , Rustaman Nuryani Y , Nugraha Ikmanda
Published: April 2020

The science education approach has covered by using printed teaching media. One of the popular printed press that most accessible and may used in science education is a comic book. However, it is sometimes difficult to find the ideal and the appropriate comic books that can be used as the instructional tool of science education, because most of them are inappropriate for learning science and did not fit with the readers’ culture. The purpose of this study is to develop and evaluate the Science comic to contribute to science learning about Human Digestive System Topic (HDST) concepts. In this study, a science comic book was created and implemented to 92 students of year eight from three different junior high schools and three science teachers as a subject implementation development. Students’ responses through the questionnaire and students-teachers’ implementation test sheets evaluated through qualitative content analysis. The model used for this study is design and development. The result shows, most of the students agreed that science comic book helps them to learn through simplifying science concept and understanding the topic more accessible. The ideal science comic should also follow the right steps, appropriate aspects consisted, gain more science experience for both students and teachers to enjoy the learning process.HighlightsScience comic is one of effective printed teaching mediaHumour can be illustrated by the narrative to transfer the information of scienceScience comic can cover the need to communicate the fascination, joy, and utility of science
Determination of the Factors Affecting High School Students’ Preferences of and Satisfaction with Choosing Biology as an Elective Course
Authors: Ursavas Nazihan , Kesimal Adem
Published: April 2020

School subjects are divided into two as compulsory and elective courses. Compulsory courses are the basic courses that students must take in order to graduate, while elective courses are the ones that students are at liberty to take. In Turkey Biology course was taught as compulsory under the name of common courses in all levels of high schools.  With the new amendment Biology is started to taught as elective under the name of “Advanced Biology” in Anatolian High Schools and “Biology Applications” in Science High Schools at grade eleven and twelve. This new development has brought to mind what the reasons are for choosing and not choosing biology. In order to reveal this aim 135 volunteered students were questioned from two different schools located in the northeastern Turkey. An open-ended question test was used for data collection. The information received from the students was subjected to content analysis. The factors that lead students to choose biology or not to choose biology are identified as future orientedness on both categories. Students want to change their decisions because of course related and exam-orientation reasons. Future studies can utilize larger samples, in terms of gender differences and in the contexts of other elective courses.
La crisis venezolana y la crisis alimentaria wayuu en Colombia
Authors: Puerta Silva Claudia Patricia
Published: April 2020

En 2014 se prendieron las alarmas por la muerte de más de 4000 infantes wayuu por hambre en un periodo de seis años. Mediante una revisión de artículos de prensa, reportes de organismos internacionales y nacionales, de literatura académica y con base en un trabajo de campo exploratorio, se identifica la relación entre tres aspectos de la crisis venezolana y el acceso de los wayuu a los alimentos, y se enmarcan en la historia de las dinámicas transfronterizas. La fuerte dependencia de los wayuu de Venezuela y de su aislamiento con respecto a las políticas centralizadas colombianas explica, en parte, que el desabastecimiento de productos de consumo de primera necesidad, la reducción de las remesas y el retorno masivo de población wayuu a sus territorios ancestrales en Colombia contribuyan a la crisis alimentaria que ha afectado desde hace una década a este pueblo indígena.
Gobernabilidad migratoria, ¿reforzando el modelo de securitización en Suramérica? El éxodo venezolano y sus retos para el Estado colombiano
Authors: León Rojas Alejandra
Published: April 2020

El artículo cuestiona el modelo de gobernabilidad migratoria adoptado por Suramérica en su propósito de hacerle frente al éxodo masivo venezolano. Algunos países de la región han optado por controlar la migración a través de la militarización fronteriza, adoptando posturas securitistas que se suman a la tendencia global de asumir las migraciones como un problema. A partir de una revisión documental de artículos de prensa e investigaciones cualitativas, y de la revisión de las páginas web de organismos internacionales y nacionales el texto busca generar reflexiones sobre la necesidad de tomar medidas más coordinadas entre países y continuar con las premisas expuestas en el referente de gobernabilidad migratoria de la región: la Conferencia Suramericana sobre Migraciones (CSM), en el que prima el respeto por los derechos humanos de los migrantes. Asimismo, expone algunos de los retos del Estado colombiano como uno de los mayores receptores de migración del vecino país.
INNOVATION AND INVESTMENT ANTI-CORRUPTION MECHANISM FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Yuldashev O. , Smokovich M. , Yuldashev O. , Yuldashev S.
Published: April 2020

It is substantiated that problems of the development of the mineral-raw material base of Ukraine (which, taking into account their importance, can be attributed to the fundamental geological problems of Eastern Europe), are problems of improving the management of this branch of the economy, the introduction of modern effective forms of management. This will ensure the energy independence of the country, its economic development, creation of additional jobs at the enterprises of the mineral complex and in related industries, and in the end - high standards of living of citizens. It is proved that the realization of potential opportunities for the further growth of existing stocks and exploration of new deposits for Ukraine, the extraction of which involves potential opportunities to achieve the country's energy and economic security, export potential increase, depends on solving a number of problems such as corruption (corruption in the extractive industry), insufficient volumes of exploration works, as well as a shortage of new technologies in mining. It is noted that these problems are associated with poor quality, inefficiency of management of the relevant branches of geology and mining (as well as the management of the country's economy as a whole). Solving these problems requires qualitative approaches, management tools, which are fundamentally different from the traditional methods of improving management. It is proposed to distinguish three types of such principles. First, it is the maximum reduction of the human factor, the transfer of such functions as control of the machines to the computers, the transition to new information technologies in management. Secondly, it is creation (to neutralize corruption risks from that part of the state apparatus, which is impossible to replace by the computer yet), of such organizational conditions, in which malversation of budget funds will become impossible. Thirdly, it is the application of the principle of subsidiarity in public administration. It is noted that one of the authors of this publication designed the desirable management system of the industry, as well as the model of transition from the current to the proposed management system is at the stage of registration of copyright to the utility model. It is emphasized that a particularly great effect, in the form of additional revenues to the budget, as well as relevant social transformations, will provide a widespread application of the proposed approach in reforming the entire state administration of the economy.