bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penyuluhan Hukum Problematika Tanah dan Penyelesaiannya di Negeri Wotay Maluku Tengah
Authors: Uktolseja Novyta , Matuankotta Jenny Kristiana , Radjawane Pieter , Matayane Harun
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Land is a vital object that is very important for the community to carry out all activities and activities in support of community survival and development.Purposes of Devotion: Providing education and legal understanding for the community regarding land problems and their solutions so that land-related problems that often occur in the community can be resolved properly. Method of Devotion: Performed with the lecture method by each of the presenters. The lecturer is given time to deliver the material, after which the participants are invited to ask a problem or question, which is then answered in turn by the speaker according to the problem being asked.Results of the Devotion: Legal counseling in Negeri Wotay through panel discussions in which the presenters take turns delivering the material then continued with questions and answers between the presenters and the community, thus answering the lack of understanding of the community about the land law.
Penyuluhan Hukum Penanganan dan Penyelesaian Perkara Perdata Di Klasis Buru Utara dan Buru Selatan
Authors: Hetharie Yosia , Radjawane Pieter , Picauly Frederik
Published: January 2022

Introduction: In the life of society, nation and state, it cannot be denied that there are many problems and conflicts of interest in society that lead to cases. Both parties want to defend their interests or rights, so the case cannot be avoided. This also often occurs in communities in the North Buru Klasis and South Buru Klasis on Buru Island, Maluku Province.Purposes of Devotion: The handling and settlement of a civil case in the community is one of the fields of study in service activities that are important to convey to the community in order to improve the legal understanding of the community as well as education for the community with very minimal legal knowledge so that the public clearly understands the form of settlement of civil cases. Method of Devotion: The method used in this activity is in the form of legal counseling for the community in North Buru and South Buru Klasis through material presentation and questions and answers.Results of the Devotion: In the communities or congregations in Klasis Buru Utara and Buru Selatan, through the results of material presentations and discussions with various elements of society, both from the chairman of the class, chairman of the congregation, church pastor, village government staff, as well as youth elements and community leaders who attended the event. In counseling activities, the data found are that there are various legal issues and problems that often occur in the dynamics of the congregation, both among fellow congregation members and with outside communities in North Buru and South Buru.
Workshop Kekayaan Intelektual sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Pemahaman dalam Rangka Pengenalan dan Perlindungan Indikasi Geografis Minyak Kayu Putih Namlea Pulau Buru
Authors: Labetubun Muchtar Anshary Hamid , Akyuwen Rory Jeff , Narwadan Theresia Nolda Agnes
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Indonesia is a country that has many natural resources that have the potential to be related to Geographical Indications, one of which is Putiah Wood Oil originating from Buru Island.Purposes of Devotion: To provide efforts to increase understanding in the context of the introduction and protection of Geographical Indications of Eucalyptus Oil on Buru Island. Method of Devotion: The method used in this activity is in the form of a workshop for the Office of Cooperatives, the Department of Tourism, the Department of Industry and Trade, the Department of Fisheries, the Department of Agriculture and Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in Namlea, Buru Regency through material presentation and questions and answers.Results of the Devotion: Eucalyptus Oil until now has not Registered as a Geographical Indication product. If this is allowed, it is possible that at one time there could be disputes related to unilateral claims or public deception. Eucalyptus Oil on Buru Island has the potential to be protected as a Geographical Indication and provides legal certainty for Eucalyptus Oil if registration is the main requirement for Wood Oil to obtain legal protection.
Sasi Sebagai Kearifan Lokal dalam Mencegah Menularnya Covid-19 Di Provinsi Maluku
Authors: Angga La Ode
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Sasi means the prohibition of taking natural resources on land or at sea, which is based on several important and basic arguments. The principle on which the Sasi law is based is actually the principle of sustainable natural resource management.Purposes of the Research: Know and analyze the role of sasi law as local wisdom in preventing the spread of Covid 19 in the Maluku Province. the formulation of Sasi's law in expanding its meaning and scope of implementation, so that the place is applied in preventing the spread of Covid 19 in Maluku Province.Methods of the Research: This research was conducted using a juridical empirical approach which is a descriptive study of qualitative analysis. The research seeks to describe the Role of Sasi Law as Local Wisdom in Preventing the Transmission of Covid 19 in Maluku Provision.Results of the Research: The Sasi Law which is owned by the Indigenous Maluku people, especially Southeast Maluku, of course the Sasi Law (Adat Hawear) in Southeast Maluku Regency can be applied in the prevention of Covid 19 in Southeast Maluku Regency by holding customary deliberations (which is followed by Adat leaders (adat leaders) The customary leaders (traditional leaders) held deliberations and formulated customary law norms as to what would be applied to preventing pollution from spreading Covid 19.
Prinsip Kebersamaan Dalam Hukum Investasi Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 Tentang Cipta Kerja: Politik Hukum Kepentingan Investasi Ataukah Kesejahteraan Masyarakat
Authors: Kristianti Dewi Sukma
Published: January 2022

Introductioan: Investment is a necessity that cannot be denied in development activities, especially economic development. This can be seen in studies or in the field of development economics, investment is one of the important factors to obtain capital for the economic development of a country. The goal of development in Indonesia is to realize social justice for all Indonesian people. So that the principle of togetherness is the basis and effort to realize the ideals of welfare and social justice for all Indonesian people.Purposes of the Research: The purpose of writing this article is to identify and analyze the principle of togetherness as a legal politics of the Job Creation Act in an interdisciplinary manner.Methods of the Research: The method used in this article uses a normative juridical research method with a multidisciplinary approach.Findings of the Research: One of the regulations in the investment sector is the Job Creation Law, the principle of togetherness in legal politics that underlies and focuses only on investment interests, so that the goal of realizing social justice is a very long goal. This can be seen from a number of articles in the Job Creation Law, both explicitly and implicitly, indicating several provisions that must be regulated in investment law according to various investment theories.
Translation and Image Manipulation in Travel Writing
Authors: Sâsâiac Andi
Published: January 2022

My studies on the images of Romania in English travel writing have led me to the conclusion that, especially in periods of important historical evolutions (such as the current tendency towards globalization and enhanced cultural exchange), people become growingly interested in the way they are regarded by members of countries and cultures that they consider referential (mainly the major Western democracies). This has resulted, paradoxically for some, in the translation of travel books dealing with less known countries into the language of those countries, with the purpose of showing the readers how they had been regarded by foreign authors and, consequently, presented to the initial (foreign) readership. While the authors of source texts may have their own political agenda, translation policies also differ and the strategies vary from domestication to foreignization, a fact which can be problematic in terms of ethics. In some cases, the ethnic images provided in the source text can be slightly manipulated in the target text, so as to meet the readers’ expectations, as will be shown in the following case study on Sacheverell Sitwell’s Roumanian Journey (1938) and its Romanian translation (2011).
Americanization and the Immigrant Novel, Redux: Abraham Cahan’s "The Rise of David Levinsky"
Authors: Stanciu Cristina
Published: January 2022

In this essay I turn to Abraham Cahan’s The Rise of David Levinsky (1917), one of the most popular immigrant novels ever written. I argue that, like other immigrant writers of his generation, Cahan challenged the optimistic version of Americanization of the Progressive Era. First, I examine the context surrounding the publication of the novel, and argue that it stages Cahan’s response to nativism and anti-Semitism, pervasive in print culture at the turn of the century. Then I explore David Levinsky’s fashioning of his Americanized persona; Levinsky’s determination to Americanize leads to a series of unfulfilled, deferred dreams. By performing his desired new identity (to become a “true American”), and by repressing other forms of identification, Cahan’s character opens up a line of critique of Progressive Era constructions of race and ethnicity. I end with a discussion of the immigrant novel as a legitimate genre in 1917 and beyond.
Trailing Harry Potter into Romanian
Authors: Drăgan Ruxandra
Published: January 2022

Characteristic of English and other Germanic languages, Goal of Motion constructions represent a challenge for any translator rendering them into a Romance language. This is because to express the motion of an entity to/towards a Goal in a particular manner, English typically combines a manner-of-motion verb or a verb of sound emission with a dynamic preposition like into in He ran into the park. However, the combination is not generally available in Romanian and other Romance languages, since they not only lack dynamic prepositions, but also have far fewer manner-of-motion verbs. Consequently, to render Goal of Motion into Romanian with as little loss as possible, a translator will have to resort to various translation techniques to compensate not only for the lack of dynamic prepositions in this language, but also for its far poorer class of manner-of-motion verbs. This paper proposes several strategies for the translation of Goal of Motion constructions into Romanian and shows that they depend on the lexical and syntactic resources available in this language. An analysis of the techniques employed in a selected sample from two Romanian translations of the Harry Potter series indicates that the translators' strategies generally mirror Talmy's (1985, 2000) typological classification of Germanic and Romance languages into satellite-framed and verb-framed languages, respectively.
Turning Romanticism on its Head: The Peripheral Symbolic Geography of Aldous Huxley and Ira Levin
Authors: Gheran Niculae Liviu
Published: January 2022

Within the present paper, I aim to discuss how Aldous Huxley and Ira Levin have employed the peripheral symbolic geography of their two works (Brave New World and This Perfect Day) to articulate their debate between different sets of social values. Unlike other authors of negative utopias such as George Orwell or Yevgeny Zamyatin, neither Huxley nor Levin idealized pre-modern values. In order to highlight how the two articulated their views with the help of symbolic geography, I will also make use of Michel Foucault’s theoretical concepts of heterotopias, heterochrony as well as the ideas developed by the critics Michael Lowy and Robert Sayre in their seminal work Romanticism against the Tide of Modernity. My purpose is thus firstly to point out how and why Huxley and Levin divided the symbolic geography of their works in two parts as well as how they employed the Romantic critique of modernity. Secondly, I aim to show how despite using this analytical tool, they also employed symbolic geography with the purpose of turning the critique on its head, thus unveiling both its strong points as well as its shortcomings.
The Power of 'Wonder' by R. J. Palacio to Trigger Young Readers’ Emotionally Literate Responses
Authors: Pelin Raluca Ștefania
Published: January 2022

Readers’ emotions are naturally blended with their cognitive abilities in the transaction with literary texts. From the perspective of emotional intelligence, an emotionally literate reader will be able to read beyond the surface of the text and make inferences regarding shades of feelings, their causes and effects. The purpose of the present study was to observe whether there is any correlation between the emotional intelligence profile of young readers and their abilities to identify the emotional input in literary texts and its impact on themselves. The study was carried out with the participation of 72 students in the first year at the Faculty of Letters in Iași. It consisted in three stages and relied both on quantitative and qualitative data collection. In the first stage, the students filled in a Reading literary texts – Self-report questionnaire; in the second stage they filled in the How Empathetic are You? (The Toronto Empathy Questionnaire, TEQ) (“How Empathetic”) and in the third stage they were given excerpts from the book Wonder by R. J. Palacio in order to check whether the self-reported emotional literacy skills were at work when approaching a literary text. Approximately half of the students (30) offered to watch the film prior to class discussion and work. The answers were compared with the results of the self-reported questionnaires and a natural and fairly consistent correspondence between the profiles of readers in terms of empathy in general and the empathy felt with regard to the fictional characters together with a good command of emotion vocabulary could be observed.
Knowledge, practices of food safety of establishment owners, food processors, and customers to prevent the Covid-19 pandemic at foodservice businesses in Son La city in 2020
Authors: Nguyen  Thi Thanh Nga , Nguyen Hung Long , Ninh Thi Nhung , Pham Thi Kieu Chinh ,   Northwestern University, Son La, Vietnam,   Vietnam Food Administration, Hanoi, Vietnam,   Department of Nutrition & Food Safety, Thai Binh University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Binh, Vietnam,   Department of Nutrition & Food Safety, Thai Binh University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Binh, Vietnam
Published: January 2022

Ensuring food safety for foodservice businesses is extremely necessary during the current complicated situation of the Covid-19 pandemic. This study has evaluated the knowledge and practices on food safety of establishment owners, food processors, and customers to prevent the Covid-19 pandemic at foodservice businesses in Son La city in 2020. The results show that over 75 % of establishment owners knew regulations to ensure food safety in the prevention of the Covid-19 pandemic, and 100 % of establishment owners were trained in disseminating and guiding pandemic prevention documents. Food processors who have good knowledge and practices of regulations of the Ministry of Health on ensuring food safety to prevent Covid-19, such as wearing masks when working, keeping contact distance with food, washing hands, disinfecting correctly, and do not gather in large numbers in production facilities have reached a high rate of over 90 %. All customers know about the 5K regulations. It is necessary to strengthen the propaganda to ensure food safety to prevent the Covid-19 pandemic so that the subjects can better understand the regulations of the Government, the Ministry of Health, Departments on ensuring food safety and prevention of the Covid-19 pandemic, and good practices of the above regulations.
A report on characterization of submerged fermentation of Phellinus linteus in Vietnam
Authors: Pham Duc Minh , Nguyen Thi Hang , Nguyen Thi Ly , Nguyen Thi Minh Huyen ,   Vietnam Military Medical University, 103 Military Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam,   Graduate University of Science and Technology,  Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam,   Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam,   Vietnam Military Medical University, 103 Military Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
Published: January 2022

Phellinus linteus strain GC was cultured for harvesting biomass by submerged fermentation method in 100 L fermenter which produced in Vietnam. The process of cultivation of this fungus was performed in aerobic conditions with aeration at 1 vvm, stirred at 150 rpm, temperature from 27oC to 29oC. The observation of cultivation was performed to evaluate the optimum time of growth which produce highest biomass of the mycelium for application purpose of using as functional food. The pH of medium was slightly changed with decrease then increase again, and reached about 6.0 when cultivation process ends. The biomass of mycelium was gradually increased until about 11 days of cultivation with about 30 g/L of dried biomass and the content of of sugar reduced in medium decreased from 40 g/L to 6 g/L.
Short-term outcomes of endovascular therapy for chronic lower extremity arterial disease
Authors: Van Hoang
Published: January 2022

Background: Chronic lower extremity arterial disease, mostly caused by atherosclerotic etiology, has been increasing in recent years. Currently, there has been a shift in the treatment chronic lower extremity arterial disease from open surgical treatment to endovascular intervention. According to the TASC classification, surgical treatment is preferred for patients with complex lesions of TASC C, D but recent studies have shown that endovascular intervention has had good results for high-grade lesions.

Objective: To determine the efficacy, short-term results of endovascular intervention in patients with symptomatic lower extremity artery disease

Methods: From January to December 2021, the cross sectional, descriptive study was carried out on 38 patients with lower limb artery disease, treated by endovascular intervetion in Interventional Department, Hanoi Heart hospital. All patients were evaluated by clinical symptoms, ankle- brachial index and lesion characteristic before and after the intervention to determine the initial success

Results: Majority of lesions belong to TASC II C and D (78,9%). Injured arteries can be isolated in the aortoiliac (21,1%), femoropopliteal (21,1%), below-knee artery (21,1%) or combine aortoiliac and femoropopliteal (10,5%), femoropopliteal and BTK (15,8%). The ankle- brachial index before and after the intervention respectively 0,57 and 0.83 (p<0,001). The technical successful rate was 94,7%. Balloon angioplasty and stent placement were in 21 patients (55,3%) and balloon angioplasty in 17 patients (44,7%). Post-procedural complications included stent thrombosis (2.6%), amputation (2.6%), pseudoaneurysm at the puncture site (2.6%).

Conclusion: Endovascular intervention is a safe, effective, minimally invasive method in the treatment of chronic lower extremity arterial disease
Benefit-Based Tree Valuation
Authors: McPherson E. Gregory
Published: January 2022

Benefit-based tree valuation provides alternative estimates of the fair and reasonable value of trees while illustrating the relative contribution of different benefit types. This study compared estimates of tree value obtained using cost- and benefit-based approaches. The cost-based approach used the Council of Landscape and Tree Appraisers trunk formula method, and the benefit-based approach calculated the net present value (NPV, total future benefits minus costs discounted to the present) of future benefits and costs using tree growth data and numerical models. In a hypothetical example, the value of a 40 year old green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) was $5,807 using the cost-based approach and either $3,102 (for a tree growing in Fort Collins, CO, U.S.) or $5,022 (for a tree growing in Boulder, CO) using the benefit-based approach. This example, however, did not consider planting and management costs. In a multitree example, 15 years after planting five pistache (Pistacia chinensis) street trees in Davis, California, the trunk formula (cost-based) value was $8,756, whereas the benefit-based value NPV of benefits was negative at discount rates ranging from 0% to 10%. Negative NPVs occurred because future sidewalk repair costs were projected to be in excess of benefits, a relationship not fully captured in the cost-based approach to valuation. Removing and replacing the five pistache street trees was not cost-effective at 7% and 10% discount rates, primarily because high future sidewalk repair costs associated with retaining the trees were heavily discounted. Planting the five pistache trees in their current location was not an economically sound decision, but planting the same trees in a nearby shrub bed would have saved an estimated $1,102 (10%) to $12,460 (0%) over 40 years. These examples illustrate the use of the benefit-based approach as a decision support tool for design and management.
Control ofAilanthus altissimaUsing Stem Herbicide Application Techniques
Authors: DiTomaso Joseph M. , Kyser Guy B.
Published: January 2022

Three herbicides were tested using four stem application techniques for control of both single trunks and clumps of tree-of-heaven [Ailanthus altissima(Miller) Swingle]. Imazapyr, triclopyr, and glyphosate were applied using cut stump, stump injection, and stem injection techniques. Imazapyr and triclopyr were also applied as a basal bark treatment. Treatments were compared against manual cutting and untreated controls. Untreated cut stems did not provide control of tree-of-heaven. Cut stump treatment with imazapyr and triclopyr (20% v/v in oil) resulted in more than 90% reduction in both vigor ratings and resprouting of single stems and clumps. In contrast, stump injection applications were ineffective with all herbicides. For stem injection treatments, undiluted imazapyr gave the best results (>95% canopy reduction), but glyphosate also provided excellent control (92% canopy reduction). Removing stems 4, 8, or 12 months after treatment did not impact the level of control with imazapic. Imazapic at half the standard rate also gave good control of multistemmed clumps. Basal bark treatments with imazapyr or triclopyr (20% v/v in oil) gave equally good results, providing nearly complete control. Triclopyr is less selective than imazapyr and thus offers a better option when desirable vegetation surrounds the stems. These results provide several effective options for the control of tree-of-heaven in both urban and riparian sites.
Predicting Wood Decay in Eucalypts Using an Expert System and the IML-Resistograph Drill
Authors: Johnstone Denise , Ades Peter , Moore Gregory , Smith Ian
Published: January 2022

The evaluation of decayed wood in a tree trunk is essential for hazard tree assessment in arboriculture. In this study, an IML-Resistograph was highly successful as a field instrument in its ability to locate and predict the presence of decay in the trunk wood of eucalypts. A system for using the IML-Resistograph to estimate the area of decay in the cross-section of a eucalypt was evaluated for field use. The data from the IML-Resistograph F300S can be used as part of an expert system to estimate the area of wood decay in a cross-section of a standing eucalypt.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Protecting Arizona Cypress (Cupressus arizonica) and One-Seed Juniper (Juniperus monosperma) from Attack by PhloeosinusBark Beetles
Authors: DeGomez Tom , Hayes Christopher , Anhold John , McMillin Joel , Clancy Karen
Published: January 2022

We evaluated the effectiveness of carbaryl, bifenthrin, and permethrin in protecting Arizona cypress (Cupressus arizonica) and one-seed juniper (Juniperus monosperma) from attack by two bark beetles (Phloeosinus spp.). Spray formulations of 2.0% carbaryl (Sevin SL®), 0.03% and 0.06% bifenthrin (Onyx®), and 0.19% permethrin (Permethrin Plus C®) were assessed on bolts (sections of logs) of Arizona cypress for their effectiveness in preventing Phloeosinus cristatus attack and colonization. P. cristatus broods were produced in all of the Arizona cypress control bolts. Bifenthrin provided ≥80% and ≥70% protection by the 0.06% and 0.03% formulations, respectively, whereas 0.19% permethrin and 2.0% carbaryl treatments provided <70% protection. Insecticide sprays (1.0% carbaryl, 0.03% and 0.06% bifenthrin, and 0.19% permethrin) were tested for prevention of P. scopulorum neomexicanus attack and colonization on one-seed juniper bolts. Bark beetle galleries were present in 62.5% of the one-seed juniper control bolts. Data on the presence versus absence of P. scopulorum neomexicanus galleries indicated that the 0.03% and 0.06% bifenthrin and 0.19% permethrin treatments provided ≥90% protection and the 1.0% carbaryl spray was ≥80% effective at preventing colonization. The 0.06% bifenthrin formulation provided the best protection against both species of Phloeosinus beetles.
The Impact of Statewide Urban Forestry Programs: A Survey of Cities in Oregon, U.S.
Authors: Ries Paul , Reed A. Scott , Kresse Sarah
Published: January 2022

All 50 U.S. states have a state urban forestry program that provides assistance to cities. Statewide surveys of city urban forestry leaders are a common tool for assessing urban forestry needs and accomplishments. Oregon has conducted two such comprehensive surveys, in 1992 and 2004. The 2004 survey was designed to gain insight into the scope and extent of the urban forest resource in Oregon to measure local program accomplishment since 1992 and to measure the impact of a statewide urban forestry assistance program. The survey had a return rate of 51%, and the results show differences among small, medium, and large communities. Results show that Oregon cities have made significant gains in urban forest management over the last 12 years. The data reveal insights of local urban foresters relative to tree-related issues and outcomes of local efforts. This research illustrates the impact a state urban forestry assistance program can have on local program accomplishment. Oregon cities that have received state assistance are more likely to have urban forestry program components such as tree ordinances and inventories, are more likely to be Tree City USA communities, and are more likely to be investing in urban forestry activities.
The Influence of Commercial Film-Forming Polymers on Reducing Salt Spray Injury in Evergreen Oak ( Quercus ilexL.) and Laurel (Prunus laurocerasus L.)
Authors: Percival Glynn , Fraser Gillian
Published: January 2022

A field trial was undertaken to determine the influence of four commercially available film-forming polymers (Bond [alkyl phenyl hydroxyl polyoxyethylene], Newman Crop Spray 11E™ [paraffinic oil], Nu-Film P [poly-1-p menthene], and Spray Gard [di-1-p menthene]) on reducing salt spray injury on two woody species, evergreen oak (Quercus ilex L.) and laurel (Prunus laurocerasus L.). Irrespective of species, the film-forming polymers Nu-Film-P and Spay Gard did not provide any significant degree of protection against salt spray damage irrespective of concentration (1% or 2%) applied as measured by leaf chlorophyll concentrations, photosynthetic efficiency, visual leaf necrosis, foliar sodium and chloride content, and growth (height, leaf area). The film-forming polymer Newman Crop Spray 11E™ provided only 1-week protection against salt spray injury. The film-forming polymer Bond provided a significant (P < 0.05) degree of protection against salt spray injury 3 months after application as manifest by higher leaf chlorophyll content, photosynthetic efficiency, height and leaf area, and lower visual leaf necrosis and foliar Na and Cl content compared with nontreated controls. In conclusion, results indicate that application of a suitable film-forming polymer can provide a significant degree of protection of up to 3 months against salt spray injury in evergreen oak and laurel. Results also indicate that when applied at 1% or 2% solutions, no problems associated with phytotoxicity and rapid degradation on the leaf surface exist.
Oxygen Production by Urban Trees in the United States
Authors: Nowak David , Hoehn Robert , Crane Daniel
Published: January 2022

Urban forests in the coterminous United States are estimated to produce ≈61 million metric tons (67 million tons) of oxygen annually, enough oxygen to offset the annual oxygen consumption of approximately two-thirds of the U.S. population. Although oxygen production is often cited as a significant benefit of trees, this benefit is relatively insignificant and of negligible value as a result of the large oxygen content of the atmosphere. Other benefits of the urban forest are more critical to environmental quality and human health than oxygen production by urban trees.
Soil Water Dynamics and Growth of Street and Park Trees
Authors: Nielsen Christian , Bühler Oliver , Kristoffersen Palle
Published: January 2022

Soil water dynamics were studied in 100 street tree planting pits and in the soil surrounding five park trees. Volumetric soil water content and stem cross-sectional area increment were measured on both park and street trees. Different levels of irrigation were implemented on the 100 street trees. Winter assessments of soil wetness at field capacity showed that the water retention capacity was lower in street planting pits than in the park soil attributable to the rather coarse substrate used in the planting pits. High variability among street tree planting pits in regard to water retention capacity was determined and may be related to poor standardization of the substrates, but may also be affected by varying drainage conditions. The rate of water loss in the street tree planting pits was very high immediately after rainfall or irrigation and decreased exponentially during the first 10 days after water input. This was attributed to rapid drainage. The water loss rate in the park soil was on average slightly higher than in the nonirrigated control street pits but showed a more linear decrease over time. We concluded that the water loss in the park soil during summer was primarily driven by transpiration of trees (above 10 L/day [2.6 gal/day]), which complies with common Danish forest experience. The relationship between water loss and tree growth was reversed in the street tree planting pits. The street trees did consume water for growth, but growth and transpiration of the street trees were not a noticeably driving mechanism in the planting pit hydrology. The large variation in street tree increment is attributed to the variation among street planting pits in their ability to retain water. The faster the water loss rate, the slower the tree growth. Irrigation did not prevent final depletion of the soil water resource in planting pits, but irrigation elevated the water content for limited periods during the growing season and thereby enhanced tree growth. Besides the obvious possibilities for improved water balance by horizontal and vertical expansion of the rooting zone, we also suggest improving the water retention capacity of planting pit soil by adding clay nodules. Options for continuous monitoring of tree vitality and soil water content to optimize maintenance are discussed.
Effect of the Growth Regulator Paclobutrazol on Growth of the Bacterial Pathogen Xylella fastidiosa Xylella fastidiosa
Authors: DeStefano Darren , Grybauskas Arv , Sherald James , Momen Bahram , Huang Qi , Sullivan Joe
Published: January 2022

Xylella fastidiosa is a fastidious, xylem-limited, insect-transmitted, bacterial plant pathogen with a wide host range that causes bacterial leaf scorch (BLS) in shade trees. BLS is a chronic disorder characterized by late season leaf scorch and dieback and is common in urban and suburban areas of the mid-Atlantic and southeast United States. BLS has been recognized since the 1980s and attempted treatments have included antibiotics and plant growth regulators. Application of paclobutrazol (PBZ), a diastereomeric triazole with both fungistatic and growth regulation properties, has been observed to alleviate symptoms of BLS, but it has not been established whether PBZ has a direct effect on the organism. In this study, we investigated the effect of PBZ on in vitro growth of two X. fastidiosa isolates. Our results showed no significant effect of PBZ on colony growth of X. fastidiosa at the manufacturers recommended rate of 20 ‘ºg/mL ’àí1. However, significant reductions in bacterial growth were observed at a rate of 200 ‘ºg/mL ’àí1, indicating that high levels of PBZ may have a direct effect on the growth of X. fastidiosa. This direct effect and growth regulator effects of PBZs suggest that PBZ may provide a promising treatment for BLS in shade trees.
Rocky Mountain Juniper Seed Source Test in Western Kansas, U.S.
Authors: Geyer Wayne , Lynch Keith , Barden Charles
Published: January 2022

Twenty-six sources of Rocky Mountain juniper (Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.) were established as a provenance test near Colby, Kansas, U.S. in 1980. Height, diameter, survival, number of stems, crown density, branch angle, and vigor were evaluated with analysis of variance, cluster analysis, simple correlation, and regression analysis techniques. Source differences were found. Total height at 23 years ranged from 3.6 to 5.4 m (11.9 to 17.8 ft), diameter breast height (dbh) ranged from 5.6 to 10.4 cm (2.2 to 4.2 in), and survival from 10% to 100%. Height growth was weakly related to geographic variables, but dbh was related to latitude, longitude, and elevation. Selection of fast-growing sources may begin at 5 years after field planting.
Emerald Ash Borer ( Agrilus planipennis) Density and Canopy Dieback in Three North American Ash Species
Authors: Anulewicz Andrea , McCullough Deborah , Cappaert David
Published: January 2022

Emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), a phloem-feeding insect native to Asia, was identified in 2002 as the cause of widespread ash (Fraxinus) mortality in southeast Michigan, U.S. and Windsor, Ontario, Canada. Little information about A. planipennis is available from its native range and it was not known whether this invasive pest would exhibit a preference for a particular North American ash species. We monitored A. planipennis density and canopy condition on green ash (F. pennsylvanica) and white ash (F. americana) street trees in four neighborhoods and on white and blue ash (F. quadrangulata) trees in two woodlots in southeast Michigan. Green ash street trees had significantly more canopy dieback and higher A. planipennis densities than white ash trees growing in the same neighborhood. Density increased by two- to fourfold in both species over a 3-year period. Canopy dieback increased linearly from 2002 to 2005 as A. planipennis density increased (R 2= 0.70). In each of the woodlots, A. planipennis densities were significantly higher on white ash trees than blue ash trees. Woodpecker predation occurred in all sites and accounted for 35% of the A. planipennis that developed on trees we surveyed. Results indicate that surveys for A. planipennis detection in areas with multiple ash species should focus on the relatively preferred species.
Assessing the Hazard of Emerald Ash Borer and Other Exotic Stressors to Community Forests
Authors: Ball John , Mason Sarah , Kiesz Aaron , McCormick Dan , Brown Craig
Published: January 2022

Exotic stressors such as emerald ash borer are an increasing concern to many communities across North America. One means of assessing the hazard these stressors may represent to a community’s publicly managed trees is through an inventory of their street trees. The South Dakota Division of Resource Conservation and Forestry conducted street tree inventories in selected communities across the state and, from these data, have placed communities into stability categories based on the percentage of full stocking that each genera represents within the street tree population. The majority of surveyed communities are in the low stability category as a result of the dominance of green ash in their street tree populations.
Response of Two Oak Species to Reduction Pruning Cuts
Authors: Grabosky Jason , Gilman Edward
Published: January 2022

Reduction pruning cuts were used to prune Quercus virginiana (live oak) and Quercus Shumardii (shumard oak). One-half of the pruning wounds were harvested and dissected 3 years later to observe extent of discoloration in response to the pruning cut. Shumard oak did not limit discoloration as effectively as live oak. Discolored area in the wood increased with size of the pruning cut surface in shumard oak and less so in live oak. Dissections showed that the shape of the discolored area attenuated with depth. The branch connection morphology and response (branch–trunk aspect ratio, branch angle, release growth after pruning) appeared to influence discoloration pattern in reduction pruning. The angle of the reduction cut relative to the American National Standards Institute-recommended angle bisect method was not found to influence discoloration. Discoloration in the less efficient compartmentalizing species (Shumard oak) was related to cut surface area, but not to cut angle. There was no relationship between aspect ratio and discoloration in the 3 years after pruning. The data suggest that reduction cuts can be made back to lateral branches as small as one-third the diameter of the removed stem.
Effect of Compost-amended Backfill and Paved Surface on Leaf Parameters and Physiology of Norway Maple (Acer platanoides L.)
Authors: Ferrini Francesco , Baietto Manuela
Published: January 2022

We compared the effects of compost-amended backfill and of the size of the exposed surface area on Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.) trees planted in a high-quality backfill on a brownfield area previously occupied by a truck factory. After 3 years, trees with larger and mulched planting areas had higher leaf gas exchange, leaf chlorophyll, and mineral content than those grown under pavement. The effects of the different quantities of compost in the backfill were more difficult to assess within the framework of this study. Although these effects may become significant in the long term, it is difficult to prescribe compost addition as a useful technique to improve plant growth and physiology when the native soil has been completely replaced by good topsoil.
Sürdürülebilir Geleceğin Önündeki Tehdit: Yeşil Boyama (Greenwashing) Türkiye Kentleri Üzerinden Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: DEMİRCİ Kıvanç
Published: January 2022

Greenwashing (Yeşil Boyama), ürünlerin veya faaliyetlerin çevreye zararlı olmasına karşın zararsız olarak gösterilerek; firmaların veya kamu kurumlarının çevreye karşı daha duyarlı görünmesini sağlayan bir olgudur. Literatürde 1980’li yıllardan bu yana kullanılan yeşil boyama kavramı, son 10 yıllık süreçte çevresel bilincin de gelişmesiyle medya organlarında gündeme gelmeye başlamıştır. Çevresel sürdürülebilirliğin önündeki engellerden bir tanesi olan yeşil boyama kavramı konusunda farkındalık yaratmak ve ulusal literatürde yer alan eksikliğin giderilmesi çalışmanın temel amaçları arasında yer almaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda çalışmada yeşil boyama kavramının ortaya çıkış süreci açıklandıktan sonra uluslararası ve ulusal alandaki yeşil boyama uygulamalarına yer verilecektir. Çalışmanın son kısmında ise yeşil boyamanın çevresel sürdürülebilirliğe karşı ortaya çıkarttığı sorunların en aza indirilmesinde uygulanacak çözüm önerileri vurgulanacaktır. Çalışma nitel bir araştırma yöntemi olan içerik analizine dayandırılmıştır. Bu bağlamda çalışma kapsamında yeşil boyama konusunda yapılmış uluslararası ve ulusal çalışmaların yanında OECD, Avrupa Birliği gibi uluslararası saygınlığı olan kurum ve kuruluşların çalışmalarına yer verilmiştir.
Araştırma kapsamında işletmelerin ve kamu kurumlarının kullandığı yeşil boyamanın çevresel sürdürülebilirliğin önünde engel oluşturduğu sonuca varılmıştır. Davranışsal niyetin firmalara ve kamu yöneticilerine yansıtılması, sivil toplum örgütlerinin ve paydaşların karar alma süreçlerine katılması, yeşil boyama reklamlarının ilgili kurumlar tarafından denetlenmesi, çevresel araştırma ve geliştirme giderlerinin arttırılması ve eko-etiket uygulamalarının yaygınlaştırılmasıyla yeşil boyama konusundaki sorunlar çözülebileceği düşünülmektedir.
Nimesulide derivatives reduced cell proliferation against breast and ovarian cancer: synthesis, characterization, biological assessment, and crystal structure.
Authors:   Dept. of Chemistry, Kuwait University, Jaragh-Alhadad Laila A. , Ali Mayada S. ,   Dept. of Chemistry, Kuwait University
Published: January 2022

New nimesulide derivatives (A1-A6) were synthesized and investigated by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, melting point, elemental analysis, mass spectra, and DSC analysis. Agent A3 single crystal was grown and solved in a monoclinic crystal system with Cc. Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) and tubulin are essential cellular proteins for normal cell division and growth. In addition, these proteins are expressed highly in cancer cells. Breast cancer (SKBR3) and ovarian cancer (SKOV3) cell lines are our models for biological assessment. The data revealed that nimesulide analogs showed high cytotoxicity when treated with SKBR3 cell line ranges from 0.22 µM to 12.0 µM, while SKOV3 cell line from 0.1 µM to 16.0 µM. In-depth, structure-activity relationship applied on nimesulide lead structure highlights the importance of a bulk moiety on position two that reduces cell proliferation in both cell lines.
Smart Mirror Using Raspberry PI: A Review
Authors: Bavalekar Saish , Gaonkar Ninad
Published: January 2022

A Smart mirror is a mirror with technology integrated with it. It uses a two-way mirror and has an inbuilt display at the back showing us different information in the form of widgets about the date, time, temperature, daily news updates. The Raspberry Pi acts as the central controller, which powers the display and collects data through sensors. The data collected is stored on cloud servers for further use. The mirror comes with facial recognition technology, which helps authenticate the user every time the user comes in the mirror range. With the help of voice commands, the mirror application can be queried to get the desired data. This automation has helped in multitasking which strives to optimize time in our daily life. In this manuscript we will review different applications of smart mirror.
A relação entre o risco de expropriação de acionistas minoritários e os níveis diferenciados de governança corporativa
Authors: Silva Mirian Mara Batista da , Pinheiro Laura Edith Taboada , Cordeiro Fernanda Alves
Published: January 2022

Esta pesquisa objetivou investigar se os níveis diferenciados de governança corporativa impactam na redução do risco de expropriação de acionistas minoritários das empresas listadas na B3 no período de 2010 a 2016. Como na literatura nacional e internacional se observa a mensuração da expropriação de minoritários através de variáveis isoladas, estas proxies foram relacionadas e agrupadas, através de Análise Fatorial, em quatro índices de expropriação. Foi realizado um teste de médias de Mann-Whitney, na amostra composta por 192 empresas divididas em Tradicional e nos níveis diferenciados de governança corporativa. As evidências deste estudo permitem concluir que o enquadramento das empresas em níveis diferenciados da B3 não é fator imprescindível para menor exposição ao risco de expropriação, mas uma vez que organizações pertencem a tais níveis há sugestão do decréscimo deste risco à medida que aumenta o nível de governança, exceto para o índice de intangibilidade.
Antibody Testing of Infants Born to Asymptomatic COVID-19 Positive Mothers
Authors: Robinson Tonya , Pozzi Nicole , Jortani Saeed
Published: January 2022

Awareness of SARS-COV-2 IgG may contribute to the management of asymptomatic RT PCR COVID-19 positive pregnant women, their newborns, and future vaccination practices.

Objective: Characterize COVID testing results of asymptomatic COVID-19 positive pregnant women and their infants. Our assumption/hypothesis maintained that all infants born to asymptomatic COVID-19 positive mothers would have detectable SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG.

Study Design: Retrospective chart review. Clinical demographics/COVID-19 testing of maternal/infant dyads were reviewed/collected for reporting purposes.

Setting: Center for Women and Infants (CWI), University of Louisville Hospital, Louisville, KY

Participants: Asymptomatic COVID-19 positive pregnant women/infant dyads admitted to the CWI between June 2020 to February 2021.

Results: 36 COVID-19 positive asymptomatic mother/37 infant dyads (one set of twins) reviewed. 38% of the mother/infant dyads were positive for SARS-CoV-2 IgG, while 27% of mother/infant dyads were negative for IgG. A COVID-19 positive mother of twins was IgG negative, but both twins were positive. Two mothers in this study group had developed significant COVID-19 disease at 28w4d gestation and 34w0d gestation. Both required intensive care but recovered, and their pregnancies were maintained until 37w4d and 39w3d gestation, respectively. By the time of delivery, both mothers had negative COVID-19 RT PCR testing, but both infants were positive for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies. COVID-19 RT PCR testing on both of these infants at 24 and 48 hours of age was negative.

Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 IgG is passively transferred to the infant during pregnancy of asymptomatic positive COVID-19 mothers however appears variable and/or possibly based on the ability of IgG detection with current testing. Further investigation of the immune system’s response to the SARS-CoV-2 virus during pregnancy can direct future management/treatment during pregnancy, especially in the wake of vaccination for the virus during pregnancy and emerging variants.
COMBINED EFFECTS OF ZOLEDRONIC ACID AND SODIUM PENTABORATE PENTAHYDRATE ON PROLIFERATION, MIGRATION AND APOPTOSIS OF HUMAN NEUROBLASTOMA CELL LINE
Authors: ABDİK Hüseyin
Published: January 2022

Neuroblastoma is one of the most common solid tumor in children with high aggressiveness. Although there are many different strategies to fight the neuroblastoma including surgical treatment, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy, ultimately successful treatment has not been evaluated yet. Effective, safe, and less toxic options must be investigated. Zoledronic acid (ZOL) is a type of amino-bisphosphonates and has been used in bone-related diseases for more than 20 years and anti-tumor ability of the ZOL is known. Boron is a natural product and many regenerative properties of boron compounds such as myogenic, osteogenic, and odontogenic induction potential have been discovered. Besides, the boron compound also displayed anti-cancer characteristics in different studies. In the current study, we evaluated the possible synergistic effects of the ZOL and Sodium pentaborat tetrahydrate (SPT) on the neuroblastoma cells, SHSY5Y. As a result, ZOL and SPT combination exhibited the most favorable anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic and anti-migratory effects compared to the ZOL and SPT alone and control groups. Moreover, molecular evidences have indicated that while expression of the proliferative gene, NFκB was significantly decreased in combination group compared to all other groups, pro-apoptotic genes, were overexpressed. To sum up, obtained results from the recent study lead it necessary to carry out more detailed studies.