bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
To the History of Commission for the Eradication of Misuse of Power in the Taurida Province
Authors:   Crimean Engineering and Pedagogical University, Kravchuk Alexander S. ,   Museum of History, V.I.Vernadsky Crimean Federal University
Published: April 2021

This article examines work of The Commission for the eradication of misuse of power in the Taurida Governorate, which existed in 1816–1819. The sources used for this study include documents from the Russian State Historical Archive and State Archive of the Republic of Crimea. This organization was established by the central authorities to examine the work of the local administration and illegal acquisition of land by officials. Members of ruling circle believed that the key to incorporation of the Crimea into the Russian Empire lay in regulation of land relations and bringing order to the bureaucracy work. That is why the first land commission in Crimea was created at the end of 18th century. Massive malpractice on the part of the Russian civil servants was a widespread phenomenon after the French invasion in Russia in 1812. Nevertheless, in Crimea the situation was more large-scale. Members of the Commission members identified numerous violations of laws. Moreover, local bureaucracy and Taurida civil governor A. M. Borozdin were under investigation. In this situation, in most cases Crimean Tatars suffered, which affected their loyalty to the Russian administration. Permanent military conflicts with Ottoman Empire and the lack of resources for the development of frontier areas forced high officials to seek compromise solutions. The local bureaucracy was not interested in investigating the cases of malpractice and sabotaged the work of the Commission. Moreover, the majority of the members of the Commission was involved in trial. This factor led to the creation of a new Committee under the Ministry of internal Affairs in 1819.
Inclusion of the Republic of Korea in the US Defense Perimeter after the Korean War
Authors:   Vyatka State University, Yungblud Valerii T. , Sadakov Denis A. ,   Vyatka State University
Published: April 2021

The article describes the formation of a military and political alliance of the United States and the Republic of Korea in 1954. The article aims at defining the motives and priorities of the parties in the American-Korean negotiations held from June to November 1954 and at determining which factors influenced the negotiation outcome. On the whole, the significance of conflict elements in the US-South Korea relations increased in 1953–1954. While the Americans’ goal was to stabilize the situation on the peninsula and create a strong security system in northeast Asia, the priority of the Koreans and their leader Syngman Rhee, the President of the South Korea, was to restore the country’s unity. These priorities were not in line after the failure of the Korean talks at the 1954 Geneva Conference. Being totally dependent on the Americans in the military and economic spheres, Rhee was forced to comply with the armistice and cooperate in the implementation of the US initiatives regarding reunification of the country, which had very little chance of success. In exchange, he expected the US-Korea Mutual Defense Treaty to come into force and demanded the implementation of economic and military aid programs. Although the USA made concessions regarding all the points, they managed to create sufficient counterbalance to restrain Syngman Rhee: they established control over the South Korean military forces; assigned broad authority to the Coordinator of aid programs; had considerable armed forces on the territory of Korea. The Republic of Korea was included in the US regional security system on the terms of the Americans.
Historiographic Reflection and Formation of National Identity
Authors:   Samara National Research University named after academician S.P.Korolev, Leont’eva Ol’ga B.
Published: April 2021

A turn of modern science towards the study of historical memory gives rise to questions about the role of historical science in the formation of collective, in particular, national identity. The experience of a historiographic reflection on these problems is presented in a collective monograph “The Past for the Present: History, Memory and Narratives of National Identity” written by the laboratory “Studies of Historical Memory and Intellectual Culture” of the Center for Intellectual History Studies of the Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, headed by L. P. Repina. The authors of the collective monograph examine the processes of national identity and historical memory formation in several countries (Russia, Britain, Germany, Poland, and Bolivia) in a “longue durée” perspective, in the context of global trends. They focus on the role that national narratives created by professional historians played in the construction of “historical myths” — mythologized ideas about the “origins” of national history that represent the constitutive elements of national identity. The authors raise the problem of the competition of different identities and memories, and consider the issue of the audience of a national narrative. They highlight the ambiguity of the social role of historical science: on the one hand, historians are actively involved in the formation of the national identity and historical memory; on the other hand, scientific knowledge provides them with tools for a critical analysis of historical myths and well-reasoned reflection on the projects of collective identity. The study represents a successful attempt of combining the “memorial paradigm” and “new sociocultural history” with the history of nationalism and nation-building.
CODEX B 19A: STAGES OF LEGITIMATION OF THE MASORET BIBLE ANCIENT EXAMPLE
Authors: GRIGORISHIN Sergey V. , NOVOKRESHCHENNYKH Ekaterina V.
Published: April 2021

This article examines the cultural and historical circumstances of the appearance and introduction into the scientific circulation of the oldest manuscript code of the Hebrew Bible — the Leningrad Code B 19A. The authors of the article make an attempt to restore the contextual connections of the Code with Jewish philosophy and biblical textology. The concept of the research is built on the basis of genealogical analysis, which opened up the opportunity to first analyze the stages of legitimation of Codex B 19A that are closest to the present, and then move into the depth of chronology, right up to the moment of creation of the studied text. The result of the study was the identification and explication of internal links between the Codex B 19A, Masoretic schools, Rabbanites, Karaites and, finally, medieval critics of the biblical text. The research methodology is based on the principles of philosophical hermeneutics, the comparative historical approach of the genealogical method as applied to textual criticism. Revealing the cause-and-effect relationship in the legitimization of the Masoretic Bible showed that the need to create a single standard for the sacred text arose already by the middle of the 8th century, the time of the emergence of the Karaite movement. The refusal of the Karaites to submit to the authority of classical rabbinical literature led to a rethinking of the biblical text. Together with the status of the main sacred book, the Bible turned out to be a text around which philological, philosophical and theological discussions became possible. Awareness of the fact that the biblical text has different interpretations led the Rabbanites and Karaites to the conclusion that it was necessary to create a philological standard for the Bible. For this reason, the authority of the Masoretes as specialists in the vocalization of the text, the direct creators of the vocalization system, has sharply increased. The Ben Asher family of Tiberias emerged as the main Masoretic school, and its last representative, Aaron Ben Asher, became the most authoritative Masoretic. Aaron Ben Asher owns the Masorah system introduced in the Aleppo Codex and copied in the Leningrad Codex B 19A. Maimonides was the first among Jewish philosophers to appreciate the textual achievements of Aaron Ben Asher, which significantly raised the authority of the Masoret in rabbinic and Karaite intellectual circles.
Insights into the Dynamic Fluctuations of the Protein HPV16 E1 and Identification of Motifs by Using Elastic Network Modeling
Authors: Malik Rabbiah , Fazal Sahar
Published: April 2021

Background:

Cancers of cervix, head and neck regions have been found to be associated
with Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection. E1 protein makes an important papillomavirus replication
factor. Among the ORFs of papillomaviruses, the most conserved sequence is that of the
E1 ORF. It is the viral helicase with being a member of class of ATPases associated with diverse
cellular activities (AAA+) helicases. The interactions of E1 with human DNA and proteins occurs
in the presence of short linear peptide motifs on E1 identical to those on human proteins.

Methods:

Different Motifs were identified on HPV16 E1 by using ELMs. Elastic network models
were generated by using 3D structures of E1. Their dynamic fluctuations were analyzed on the basis
of B factors, correlation analysis and deformation energies.

Results:

3 motifs were identified on E1 which can interact with Cdk and Cyclin domains of human
proteins. 11 motifs identified on E1 have their CDs of Pkinase on human proteins. LIG_MYND_2
has been identified as involved in stabilizing interaction of E1 with Hsp40 and Hsp70. These motifs
and amino acids comprising these motifs play a major role in maintaining interactions with human
proteins, ultimately causing infections leading to cancers.

Conclusion:

Our study identified various motifs on E1 which interact with specific counter domains
found in human proteins, already reported having the interactions with E1. We also validated
the involvement of these specific motifs containing regions of E1 by modeling elastic networks
of E1. These motif involving interactions could be used as drug targets.
Evaluation of Benzamide-Chalcone Derivatives as EGFR/CDK2 Inhibitor: Synthesis,
In-Vitro Inhibition, and Molecular Modeling Studies
Authors: Joshi Akshada , Bhojwani Heena , Wagal Ojas , Begwani Khushboo , Joshi Urmila , Sathaye Sadhana , Kanchan Divya
Published: April 2021

Background:

EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor) and CDK2 (Cyclin Dependent Kinase 2)
are important targets in the treatment of many solid tumors and different ligands of these receptors share many
common structural features.

Objective:

The study involved the synthesis of benzamide-substituted chalcones and determination of their
antiproliferative activity as well as a preliminary evaluation of EGFR and CDK2 inhibitory potential using both
receptor binding and computational methods.

Methods:

We synthesized 13 benzamide-substituted chalcone derivatives and tested their antiproliferative
activity against MCF-7, HT-29 and U373MG cell lines using Sulforhodamine B Assay. Four compounds were
examined for activity against EGFR and CDK2 kinase. The compounds were docked into both EGFR and CDK2
using Glide software. The stability of the interactions for the most active compound was evaluated by Molecular
Dynamics Simulation using Desmond software. Molecular docking studies on mutant EGFR (T790M,
T790M/L858R, and T790M/C797S) were also carried out.

Results:

From the SRB assay, we concluded that compounds 1g, and 1k were effective in inhibiting the growth of
the MCF-7 cell line whereas the other compounds were moderately active. Most compounds were either moderately
active or inactive on U373 MG and HT-29 cell lines. Compounds 1g and 1k showed good inhibitory activity against
CDK2 kinase while 1d and 1f were moderately active. Compounds 1d, 1f, 1g, and 1k were moderately active
against EGFR kinase. Molecular docking reveals the involvement of one hydrogen bond with Met793 in binding
with EGFR; however, it was not stable during the simulation and these compounds bind to the receptor mainly via
hydrophobic contacts. This fact also points towards a different orientation of the inhibitor within the active site of
EGFR kinase. Binding mode analysis for CDK2 inhibition studies indicates that hydrogen bonding interactions with
Lys 33 and Leu83 are important for the activity. These interactions were found to be stable throughout the
simulation. Considering the results for wild-type EGFR inhibition, the docking studies on mutants were performed
and which indicate that the compounds bind to the mutant EGFR but the amino acid residues involved are similar to
the wild-type EGFR, and therefore, the selectivity seems to be limited.

Conclusion:

These benzamide-substituted chalcone derivatives will be useful as lead molecules for the further
development of newer inhibitors of EGFR and/or CDK2 kinases.
Interaction between the Local and General Zone for the Post-tensioned Girder Anchorage Zone
Authors: Werdina Ghassan M. , Aziz Omar Q.
Published: April 2021

Background:

The use of post-tensioning in girders causes high bearing and compressive stresses in the anchorage zone. In this study, the behavior of the anchorage zone and the interaction between the local and general zone are investigated. The variables included different reinforcements for both the local and general zones for a block of two anchorage devices.

Methods:

Both experimental and numerical methods have been applied to study the behavior of the anchorage zone. The experimental part of the study involved laboratory testing of sixteen specimens, and the numerical study was conducted using ABAQUS non-linear finite element analysis.

Results:

Tie reinforcement provided additional confinement for the local zone, and this confinement was more for the specimens with originally less confined spiral reinforcement strength. There was a slight or no effect of the local zone reinforcement on the general zone strength and ultimate load of the anchorage zone when the failure was in the general zone.

Conclusion:

Confinement of the local zone prevented the brittle bearing and compression failure of this zone.
Geographic Distribution of the Prevalence of Neurocysticercosis in the Municipality of Piedade, São Paulo
Authors: Camargo José Augusto , Gianini Reinaldo José
Published: April 2021

Background:

Neurocysticercosis is a globally occurring parasitosis that affects the central nervous system. The main clinical manifestation is seizures.The aim of this study was to analyze the geographic distribution of patients with seizures attending the Emergency Unit of the Piedade municipality, SP, with a diagnosis of neurocysticercosis, and to compare the association of its prevalence with age, basic sanitation and food hygiene habits between rural and urban areas.

Methods:

One hundred thirty-six patients with seizures were evaluated. The Epidemiological data of all subjects will be described.

Results:

The diagnosis of neurocysticercosis was confirmed in 24 patients, corresponding to a prevalence of 17.65%. The presence of an open sewer predominated in the rural area, while the consumption of unwashed fruits, presence of elderly people and geographic distribution were similar in the two areas.

Conclusions:

Urgent measures to raise awareness about the disease and preventive actions should be taken by world authorities.
Nutritional Management of Cow's Milk Allergy in Infants: A Comparison of DRACMA, ESPGHAN, and AAP Guidelines
Authors: L. Barrera Emely , Ramirez-Farias Carlett , Marriage Barbara J.
Published: April 2021

Cow’s Milk Allergy (CMA) is one of the most common food allergies presented during infancy and childhood. The diagnosis and management of CMA is a complex task. First and foremost, CMA is manifested by a variety of symptoms classified by their type of mediation (either IgE and/or non-IgE responses), organ systems involved, and the onset of the reaction. Second, although several guidelines for the management of CMA have been published worldwide, they differ in their recommendations. To our knowledge, no global consensus exists for the management of the different symptoms associated with CMA. This review provides a table to compare three widely accepted published guidelines to enable the reader to easily navigate and compare the nutritional recommendations to be followed depending on the symptomatology. This review is intended to represent a practical tool to assess the nutritional recommendations for the management of CMA.
Pengetahuan Lokal Penduduk Sumenep Tentang Cemara Udang (Casuarina equisetifolia L.)
Authors: Wisanti Wisanti , Kartika Indah Novita , Kristinawati Putri Eva
Published: April 2021

Sumenep merupakan salah satu wilayah distribusi cemara udang, terutama di pesisir pantai utara. Penduduk pantai Lombang Sumenep dikenal sebagai pembudidaya cemara udang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi pengetahuan lokal penduduk Sumenep. Metode penelitian suvey eksploratif dengan pendekatan partisipatif responden. Responden sebanyak 100 orang yang dipilih melalui purposive sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Kuesioner semi terstruktur terdiri dari 20 pertanyaan yang terkait demografi dasar, pengetahuan lokal, dan pengetahuan kegunaan tanaman. Area penelitian mencakup empat lokasi yaitu pantai Lombang, pantai Cemara Indah, pantai Slopeng dan kota Sumenep. Data yang diperoleh berupa nilai persepsi, apresiasi dan kegunaan dianalisis secara deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai persepsi penduduk Sumenep baik di pantai maupun di kota termasuk kategori baik (77.6%) sampai dengan sangat baik (100%) yaitu pada pengenalan, manfaat dan cara budidaya cemara udang. Penduduk pantai memberikan apresiasi lebih baik dibandingkan penduduk kota ditinjau dari aspek pemanfaatan, budidaya, dan pemeliharaan cemara udang. Cemara udang dinilai kegunaannya oleh penduduk Sumenep sebagai penyejuk lingkungan dan tanaman perindang. Pengetahuan lokal yang menarik dari cemara udang adalah klasifikasi berdasarkan karakteristik morfologi yang bersifat diskontinu, sehingga menghasilkan empat kelompok yaitu dhungsèng, kerbuy, palè’ mèrah, dan palè’ potè’.
Composition & Ecological Role of Soil Macrofauna in Selorejo and Punten Citrus Farming, Malang - East Java
Authors: Karinasari Fitria , Penata Gama Zulfaidah , Setyo Leksono Amin
Published: April 2021

Conventional Citrus crops farming is an Citrus farming system that uses Citrus cultivation techniques with maximum use of chemicals and organics material and there is to support a sustainable agricultural system. Indicators of environmental quality can be known from the composition and ecological role of fauna, one of which is soil macrofauna. This research aims to investigate the diversity and community structure of the soil macrofauna and to identification its role in the Citrus farming at Selorejo, Dau and Punten Villages, Bumiaji, Malang Regency.This study is a descriptive exploratory study in order to study on soil macrofauna capturing at each location for three times. The observation method of soil macrofauna used pitfall traps and handshorter methods. All data was tabulated used Microsoft Excel. Abiotic factor measurements for two locations have no different value in each sampling plot. The composition of soil macrofauna is obtained from the important value index (IVI) and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H'). Soil macrofauna was obtained from two locations as many as 28 families with the highest importance value index (IVI), namely Formicidae. The results showed that Selorejo Citrus farming consists of Predator 46%, Herbivorous 25%, Decomposer 11%, Scavenger 7%, and others 11%, while in Punten Citrus farming consists of 55% Predator, 10% Herbivorous,15% Decomposer,5% Scavenger, and others 15%.
Challenges With Developing Secure Mobile Health Applications: Systematic Review
Authors: Aljedaani Bakheet , Babar M Ali
Published: April 2021

Background

Mobile health (mHealth) apps have gained significant popularity over the last few years due to their tremendous benefits, such as lowering health care costs and increasing patient awareness. However, the sensitivity of health care data makes the security of mHealth apps a serious concern. Poor security practices and lack of security knowledge on the developers’ side can cause several vulnerabilities in mHealth apps.

Objective

In this review paper, we aimed to identify and analyze the reported challenges concerning security that developers of mHealth apps face. Additionally, our study aimed to develop a conceptual framework with the challenges for developing secure apps faced by mHealth app development organizations. The knowledge of such challenges can help to reduce the risk of developing insecure mHealth apps.

Methods

We followed the systematic literature review method for this review. We selected studies that were published between January 2008 and October 2020 since the major app stores launched in 2008. We selected 32 primary studies using predefined criteria and used a thematic analysis method for analyzing the extracted data.

Results

Of the 1867 articles obtained, 32 were included in this review based on the predefined criteria. We identified 9 challenges that can affect the development of secure mHealth apps. These challenges include lack of security guidelines and regulations for developing secure mHealth apps (20/32, 63%), developers’ lack of knowledge and expertise for secure mHealth app development (18/32, 56%), lack of stakeholders’ involvement during mHealth app development (6/32, 19%), no/little developer attention towards the security of mHealth apps (5/32, 16%), lack of resources for developing a secure mHealth app (4/32, 13%), project constraints during the mHealth app development process (4/32, 13%), lack of security testing during mHealth app development (4/32, 13%), developers’ lack of motivation and ethical considerations (3/32, 9%), and lack of security experts’ engagement during mHealth app development (2/32, 6%). Based on our analysis, we have presented a conceptual framework that highlights the correlation between the identified challenges.

Conclusions

While mHealth app development organizations might overlook security, we conclude that our findings can help them to identify the weaknesses and improve their security practices. Similarly, mHealth app developers can identify the challenges they face to develop mHealth apps that do not pose security risks for users. Our review is a step towards providing insights into the development of secure mHealth apps. Our proposed conceptual framework can act as a practice guideline for practitioners to enhance secure mHealth app development.
Effectiveness of Virtual Reality Interventions for Adolescent Patients in Hospital Settings: Systematic Review
Authors: Ridout Brad , Kelson Joshua , Campbell Andrew , Steinbeck Kate
Published: April 2021

Background

Given the high level of interest and increasing familiarity with virtual reality among adolescents, there is great potential to use virtual reality to address adolescents’ unique health care delivery needs while in hospital. While there have been reviews on the use of virtual reality for specific health conditions and procedures, none to date have reviewed the full scope of virtual reality hospital interventions for adolescents who are often combined with children as a homogenous group, despite the fact that adolescents experience virtual environments different from children.

Objective

The aim of this review was to systematically identify available evidence regarding the use of virtual reality interventions for adolescent patients in hospital settings to evaluate effectiveness, suitability, and safety and identify opportunities for future research.

Methods

PubMed, PsycINFO, Medline, and Scopus databases were searched using keywords and phrases. Retrieved abstracts (n=1525) were double screened, yielding 276 articles for full-text screening. Of these, 8 articles met inclusion criteria. Data were extracted to a standardized coding sheet, and a narrative synthesis was performed due to the heterogeneity of the studies.

Results

Four RCTs and 4 single-case reports were identified for inclusion, all of which aimed to reduce pain or anxiety. The scenarios targeted were burn pain, venipuncture, chemotherapy, preoperative anxiety, and palliative care. Three out of 4 RCTs found significant reductions in pain or anxiety outcomes measures when using virtual reality compared to standard care or other distraction techniques; however, only 1 study combined self-reported experiences of pain or anxiety with any physiological measures. Single-case reports relied primarily upon qualitative feedback, with patients reporting reduced pain or anxiety and a preference for virtual reality to no virtual reality.

Conclusions

Virtual reality can provide a safe and engaging way to reduce pain and anxiety in adolescents while in hospital, particularly when virtual reality software is highly immersive and specifically designed for therapeutic purposes. As VR becomes more accessible and affordable for use in hospitals, larger and more diverse studies that capitalize on adolescents’ interest in and aptitude for virtual reality, and on the full range of capabilities of this emerging technology, are needed to build on these promising results.

Trial Registration

PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42020198760; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020198760
Using a Multisectoral Approach to Advance Health Equity in Rural Arizona: Community-Engaged Survey Development and Implementation Study
Authors: Remiker Mark , Sabo Samantha , Jiménez Dulce , Samarron Longorio Alexandra , Chief Carmenlita , Williamson Heather , Teufel-Shone Nicolette
Published: April 2021

Background

Over the past decade, public health research and practice sectors have shifted their focus away from identifying health disparities and toward addressing the social, environmental, and economic determinants of health equity. Given the complex and interrelated nature of these determinants, developing policies that will advance health equity requires collaboration across sectors outside of health. However, engaging various stakeholder groups, tapping into their unique knowledge systems, and identifying common objectives across sectors is difficult and time consuming and can impede collaborative efforts.

Objective

The Southwest Health Equity Research Collaborative at Northern Arizona University, in partnership with an 11-member community advisory council, is addressing this need with a joint community-campus effort to develop and implement a Regional Health Equity Survey (RHES) designed to generate an interdisciplinary body of knowledge, which will be used to guide future multisectoral action for improving community health and well-being.

Methods

Researchers and community partners used facilitated discussions and free listing techniques to generate survey items. The community partners pilot tested the survey instrument to evaluate its feasibility and duration before survey administration. Respondent-driven sampling was used to ensure that participants included leadership from across all sectors and regions of northern Arizona.

Results

Over the course of 6 months, 206 participants representing 13 sectors across the 5 counties of northern Arizona were recruited to participate in an RHES. Survey response rates, completion percentage, and sector representation were used to assess the effectiveness and feasibility of using a community-engaged apporach for survey development and participant recruitment. The findings describe the current capacity to impact health equity by using a multisectoral approach in northern Arizona.

Conclusions

The Southwest Health Equity Research Collaborative effectively engaged community members to assist with the development and implementation of an RHES aimed at understanding and promoting multisectoral action on the root causes of health inequity. The results will help to build research and evaluation capacity to address the social, economic, and environmental conditions of health inequity in the region.
Utility, Value, and Benefits of Contemporary Personal Health Records: Integrative Review and Conceptual Synthesis
Authors: Ruhi Umar , Chugh Ritesh
Published: April 2021

Background

Contemporary personal health record (PHR) technologies offer a useful platform for individuals to maintain a lifelong record of personally reported and clinically sourced data from various points of medical care.

Objective

This paper presents an integrative review and synthesis of the extant literature on PHRs. This review draws upon multiple lenses of analysis and deliberates value perspectives of PHRs at the product, consumer, and industry levels.

Methods

Academic databases were searched using multiple keywords related to PHRs for the years 2001-2020. Three research questions were formulated and used as selection criteria in our review of the extant literature relevant to our study.

Results

We offer a high-level functional utility model of PHR features and functions. We also conceptualize a consumer value framework of PHRs, highlighting the applications of these technologies across various health care delivery activities. Finally, we provide a summary of the benefits of PHRs for various health care constituents, including consumers, providers, payors, and public health agencies.

Conclusions

PHR products offer a myriad of content-, connectivity-, and collaboration-based features and functions for their users. Although consumers benefit from the tools provided by PHR technologies, their overall value extends across the constituents of the health care delivery chain. Despite advances in technology, our literature review identifies a shortfall in the research addressing consumer value enabled by PHR tools. In addition to scholars and researchers, our literature review and proposed framework may be especially helpful for value analysis committees in the health care sector that are commissioned for the appraisal of innovative health information technologies such as PHRs.
Improved Glycemic Control With a Digital Health Intervention in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: Retrospective Study
Authors: Zimmermann Gretchen , Venkatesan Aarathi , Rawlings Kelly , Scahill Michael D
Published: April 2021

Background

Traditional lifestyle interventions have shown limited success in improving diabetes-related outcomes. Digital interventions with continuously available support and personalized educational content may offer unique advantages for self-management and glycemic control.

Objective

In this study, we evaluated changes in glycemic control among participants with type 2 diabetes who enrolled in a digital diabetes management program.

Methods

The study employed a single-arm, retrospective design. A total of 950 participants with a hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) baseline value of at least 7.0% enrolled in the Vida Health Diabetes Management Program. The intervention included one-to-one remote sessions with a Vida provider and structured lessons and tools related to diabetes management. HbA1c was the primary outcome measure. Of the 950 participants, 258 (27.2%) had a follow-up HbA1c completed at least 90 days from program start. Paired t tests were used to evaluate changes in HbA1c between baseline and follow-up. Additionally, a cluster-robust multiple regression analysis was employed to evaluate the relationship between high and low program usage and HbA1c change. A repeated measures analysis of variance was used to evaluate the difference in HbA1c as a function of the measurement period (ie, pre-Vida enrollment, baseline, and postenrollment follow-up).

Results

We observed a significant reduction in HbA1c of –0.81 points between baseline (mean 8.68, SD 1.7) and follow-up (mean 7.88, SD 1.46; t257=7.71; P<.001). Among participants considered high risk (baseline HbA1c≥8), there was an average reduction of –1.44 points between baseline (mean 9.73, SD 1.68) and follow-up (mean 8.29, SD 1.64; t139=9.14; P<.001). Additionally, average follow-up HbA1c (mean 7.82, SD 1.41) was significantly lower than pre-enrollment HbA1c (mean 8.12, SD 1.46; F2, 210=22.90; P<.001) There was also significant effect of program usage on HbA1c change (β=–.60; P<.001) such that high usage was associated with a greater decrease in HbA1c (mean –1.02, SD 1.60) compared to low usage (mean –.61, SD 1.72).

Conclusions

The present study revealed clinically meaningful improvements in glycemic control among participants enrolled in a digital diabetes management intervention. Higher program usage was associated with greater improvements in HbA1c. The findings of the present study suggest that a digital health intervention may represent an accessible, scalable, and effective solution to diabetes management and improved HbA1c. The study was limited by a nonrandomized, observational design and limited postenrollment follow-up data.
GA-optimized neural network for forecasting the geomagnetic storm index
Authors: Vega-Jorquera Pedro , A. Lazzús Juan , Rojas Pedro
Published: April 2021

Se desarrolló un método que combina una red neuronal artificial y un algoritmo genético (ANN+GA) con el fin de pronosticar el índice de tiempo de perturbación de tormenta (Dst). A partir de esta técnica, la ANN fue optimizada por GA para actualizar los pesos de la ANN y para pronosticar el índice Dst a corto plazo de 1 a 6 horas de antelación usando los valores de la serie temporal del índice Dst y del índice de electrojet auroral (AE). La base de datos utilizada contiene 233,760 datos de índices geomagnéticos por hora desde 00 UT del 01 de enero de 1990 hasta las 23 UT del 31 de agosto de 2016. Se analizaron diferentes topologías de ANN y se seleccionó la arquitectura óptima. Se encontró que el método propuesto ANN+GA puede ser adecuadamente entrenado para pronosticar Dst (t+1 a t+6) con una precisión aceptable (con errores cuadrático medio RMSE?10nT y coeficientes de correlación R?0.9), y que los índices geomagnéticos utilizados tienen efectos influyentes en la buena capacidad de entrenamiento y predicción de la red elegida. Los resultados muestran una buena aproximación entre las variaciones medidas y modeladas de Dst tanto en la fase principal como en la fase de recuperación de una tormenta geomagnética.
Innovación y crecimiento económico regional: evidencia para México
Authors: German-Soto Vicente , Soto Rubio Mauro , Gutiérrez Flores Luis
Published: April 2021

En el presente texto se aborda la hipótesis respecto a que la innovación es importante para el crecimiento desde un modelo de panel dinámico interregional que controla endogeneidad y capta efectos acumulados. En México, la evidencia basada en tres criterios de región (geográfico, ingresos e intensidad de estímulos a la innovación) señala efectos positivos, como sugiere la teoría, pero con reducciones graduales desde 2008 y variaciones significativas por región y sector. Además, el apoyo público a la innovación impactó de diferentes maneras entre regiones económicamente más y menos avanzadas, con mayor elasticidad en estas últimas, lo que podría favorecer la reducción de desigualdades regionales. Los apoyos en innovación deben priorizar proyectos intensivos en alta tecnología, ser más incluyentes de los diversos agentes económicos y con perspectiva regional.
Optimizing Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) Injections: A Narrative Review
Authors: Cherian Chris , Malanga Gerard , Mautner Ken
Published: April 2021

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an orthobiologic treatment that has gained popularity as a potential alternative treatment for various musculoskeletal conditions. The physiologic role of platelets in the healing cascade provides clarity regarding its potential as it releases various growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). However, there are various characteristics of PRP treatments including platelet count, presence or absence of leukocytes and red blood cells, as well as the use of an activating agent that introduces heterogeneity among preparations. This aim of this article is to provide clarity, where available, regarding the optimal characteristics for PRP treatments regarding tendon and ligament injuries as well as articular and muscular pathology.
Average Level Of Evidence Of Papers Published In Six Orthopedic Journals
Authors: Buford, MD Don , Tulpule Sharmila , Hyder Jasmine , Boot Henry
Published: April 2021

Background

An assessment of the average level of evidence (LOE) of clinical research papers in peer reviewed orthopedic surgery journals has not previously been published. In this paper we report on the average LOE of papers published in six of the top English language orthopedic surgery journals.

 

Methods

Six well established orthopedic journals were identified by using the Google Scholar H5 Journal Index.  We selected 6 of the top ten journals identified by the Index. The six journals that were evaluated for this project were as follows:  The American Journal Of Sports Medicine (AJSM); Clinical Orthopedics and Related Research (CORR); Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (JBJS); Knee Surgery, Sports, Traumatology, Arthroscopy (KSSTA); Journal of Arthroscopy (Arthros.); and the Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery (JSES). Thirteen consecutive monthly issues (July, 2018 - July, 2019) of each journal were evaluated for the LOE of each clinical paper. The assigned LOE was used if published, or the level of evidence was assigned by the senior author (DAB) if one was not listed. For each journal, the overall mean LOE along with the variance and standard deviation was calculated with all confidence intervals set at  95%. Summary data was statistically analyzed to provide an overall mean LOE for the 6 journals evaluated.

 

Results 

For AJSM, we evaluated 246 clinical research articles that had an average LOE of 2.96 +/- 0.16. For CORR, we evaluated 155 papers that had an average LOE of 2.83 +/- 0.19.  For JBJS, we evaluated 164 papers that had an average LOE of 3.04 +/- 0.13. For KSSTA, we evaluated 402 papers that had an average LOE of 3.05 +/- 0.16. For Arthros. we evaluated 226 papers that had an average LOE of 3.19 +/- 0.10. For JSES, we evaluated 237 papers that had an average LOE of 3.25 +/- 0.13.

In summary, for the 1425 clinical research papers published in 98 issues of 6 of the top orthopedic journals, we found the average Level Of Evidence to be 3.05 +/- 0.16. 

 

Conclusions

     The goal of scientific study design is to prove or disprove a hypothesis while minimizing bias and errors.  The gold standard for therapeutic studies has been a double blind, randomized controlled trial (RCT). However, it is not possible or feasible for every clinical study to have a blinded RCT design.  Additionally, clinically relevant and actionable data can come from studies that are not RCTs. In a medical discipline like orthopedics many interventions are invasive, making controlled trials or blinded trials unethical or technically not practical. Our analysis of over 1400 peer reviewed publications in one year in 6 of the top English language orthopedic journals reveals that the average level of evidence deemed worthy of publication is level 3. In terms of the most common study design, the average published clinical study in these orthopedic journals was a case-control study.
Modern China in the Arctic Economic Space
Authors: Kuklina E. A.
Published: April 2021

The article presents an exposition of Arctic cooperation between Russia and China in the context of the Eurasian Economic Union development. China is viewed as a subject of the generally accepted segment of the Arctic economy. The author analyses Russian-Chinese strategic cooperation in the Arctic through the prism of the conjugation of the Russian Northern Sea Route and the Chinese Maritime Silk Road of the 21st century (Ice Silk Road). The key factors of the two countries’ interest in the joint development of the Northern Sea Route are identified. The researcher Kuklina E. A. determines promising cooperation areas in the Arctic macroregion (expert and analytical activities in the form of creating Russian-Chinese “think tanks”; investment activities in the form of direct investments in offshore oil and gas projects).
Foreign Direct Investment Restrictions: Legal Aspects in the Context of Eurasian Integration
Authors: Tsareva L. V.
Published: April 2021

The article outlines current trends in the legal regulation of foreign direct investment; analyzes the current approaches of EAEU member states to the restriction of foreign investment; systematizes the provisions of the Union law, which affect the adoption and application of national measures to restrict and control foreign direct investment; identifies the conceptual differences between EAEU law and EU law in regulating freedom of establishment. The aim of the research is to determine the degree of the EAEU law influence on the introduction by member states of restrictive measures against direct investment from member states. The author concludes that the legal framework for national measures to restrict FDI from member states is predetermined by the norms of the Union law on ensuring freedom of establishment as a form of investment, operated with individual and general exceptions, that allow to take the measures necessary to protect the national priority interests.
Privileges and Immunities of the International Organizations Staff
Authors: Miachina A. G.
Published: April 2021

The article discloses the basic privileges and immunities of the international organizations staff, as established by the provisions of international law. The author considers dispute settlement practices involving international organizations staff to determine compliance with international norm-setting which regulates the law institution in question, including cooperation with the national norm-setting.
Fear of Crime among Mongolians in the Ulaanbaatar Metropolitan Area
Authors: Chuluunbat Sharkhuu , Min-Sik Lee
Published: April 2021

This study is about fear of crime, which is one of the most important topics in the criminological research.

The study tested an integrated model in structural equation modeling method by using both SPSS and AMOS. Those who perceive higher levels of incivility were found to be more fearful of crime. Policies to reduce fear of crime and implications for future research were discussed based on the findings.
Russian-Chinese Cooperation in Ensuring Strategic Stability
Authors: Kozhukhova K. E.
Published: April 2021

Growing complexity of the modern world order calls for the search for strategic stability in order to prevent a new global military clash. In view of recent political events, Russia and China have strengthened their cooperation, creating a strategic stability dyad in contrast to the United States and other Western countries. However, the strategic stability of the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China is not fully beneficial for Russia due to the peculiarity of the Chinese strategic culture, which is cinocentric. The absence of Russian strategic culture eliminates the equality of the two countries and pushes Russia to submit and mimic China. The author offers her vision of balancing the two forces. The first is the legal basis, which is to update the bilateral agreement between Russia and China with an effort to strengthen the positions and advantages of the Russian side. The second is the development of Russian strategic thinking and, as a result, the emergence of national strategic culture that will contribute to the formation of an adequate foreign policy course of the Russian Federation in the new world stability.
EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA E MÍDIA: ESTUDO BIBLIOMÉTRICO NA WEB OF SCIENCE DE 1945-2019
Authors: Cândido Cássia Marques , Ferreira Maxwel De Azevedo , Oliveira Alexandre Palma de , Assis Monique Ribeiro de
Published: April 2021

Mapeamos estudos que envolvem relações entre “Educação Física e mídia” e identificamos como a mídia é tangenciada pela Educação Física, refletindo sobre os achados. Os procedimentos metodológicos incluem Bibliometria realizada na Web of Science, no período entre 1945 e 2019 e Análise de Conteúdo. A temática é emergente e não é tratada globalmente. Há destaque para a participação brasileira, mas o total de publicações é baixo. As áreas do conhecimento que mais discutem o assunto são as Ciências Humanas, Ciências da Saúde e Ciências Sociais Aplicadas. Há desafios a serem superados em relação às redes de colaboração entre autores, instituições e países. As categorias de destaque incluem “influência da mídia sobre a formação de subjetividades do público” e aquelas que a partir de diferentes especificidades estão ligadas à escola.
O “NOVO NORMAL” NA ATIVIDADE FÍSICA E SAÚDE: PANDEMIAS E UBERIZAÇÃO?
Authors: Carvalho Fabio Fortunato Brasil de , Freitas Débora Duarte , Akerman Marco
Published: April 2021

A atividade física tem relevante lugar na agenda da Saúde Pública e foi muito acionada durante a pandemia da Covid-19. Com o objetivo de discutir o “novo normal” na atividade física e saúde, por meio de texto em caráter ensaístico, são abordadas a existência de duas pandemias – a de inatividade física e a de Covid-19 – e a perspectiva de ocorrer o processo de uberização. Ampliar a prática de atividade física é necessário, mas com cautela sobre o discurso da vida ativa, acima e apesar de tudo. Já a uberização, se confirmada, possivelmente terá repercussões negativas para o trabalhador, profissional/professor de Educação Física, e não garantirá a ampliação referida. Por fim, o “novo normal”, localizado temporalmente com elementos analíticos até junho de 2020, reforça a necessidade de redução de iniquidades com o objetivo de ampliar possibilidades de construção de modos de vida saud
O DIVERTIMENTO IMPORTADO: UMA COLONIZAÇÃO CULTURAL NO SERTÃO NORTE-MINEIRO
Authors: Alves Rogério Othon Teixeira , Souza Neto Georgino Jorge de , Pereira Ester Liberato
Published: April 2021

Este estudo objetivou analisar o desenvolvimento de aspectos modernos na cidade de Montes Claros, na primeira metade do século XX, localizada no Norte do estado de Minas Gerais, e problematizou as tensões sociais existentes entre a aquisição de novos hábitos e as antigas tradições locais. Foram buscadas informações na imprensa jornalística da época, a partir do periódico Gazeta do Norte, o jornal de maior circulação da cidade de Montes Claros no período de 1918 a 1962. Identificou-se que, no sertão do Brasil do século XX, as diversões se constituíram em meio a tensões entre a tradição e o moderno. Para além disto, o tempo e o espaço locais estabeleceram relações com a formação do binômio trabalho e divertimento em Montes Claros. O advento da modernidade permitiu a apropriação, não sem resistências e tensões, de um conjunto de valores e práticas que se distinguiam das vigentes no ordenamento social até então.
Advocacy Coalition Framework of Ultra Micro Loan Policymaking in Indonesia
Authors: Soesilo Nining I
Published: April 2021

Advocating the Ultra Micro-lending concept of Indonesia's Ministry of Finance in 2017 was a tumultuous nine-year process. The present paper aims to examine the Ultra Micro-lending (UMi) program conducted by the Ministry of Finance of Republic of Indonesia using Advocacy Coalition Framework. This paper showed that Advocacy Coalition Framework could moderate the interest groups' disagreement through seven steps as follows. First, relatively stable parameters of poverty need alleviation using better financial access with empowerment. Second, the external system is inspired by Grameen Bank as the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize. Third, removing constraints and resources of subsystem actors from the internal Ministry of Finance and the Parliaments. Fourth, creating consensus for getting the Ministry of Bureaucratic Reform's permit. Fifth, policy subsystem that coalesces the need of market-rate and subsidized rate to cater to 46.7 million grassroots entrepreneurs as a 'win-win' arrangement to complement the bank-based People's Business Credit (KUR). Sixth, policy outputs as the legal product of the UMi with a 7 Trillion State budget. Seventh, policy impact's measurement after one year piloting before UMi's scaling up. This paper has a significant contribution to enhancing the efficacy of UMi program, and as a continuous effort to ensure the economic development of the country.