bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimal Design of Multiple Tuned Mass Dampers to Reduce Vibrations of a Ram-Type Structure With Varying Dynamics via a Control Theoretic Framework
Authors: Lee Jihyun , Kim Chang-Ju , Lee Changho , Oh Changwon
Published: December 2019

This paper investigates the use of a linear time-invariant (LTI) control framework to optimally design multiple tuned mass dampers (TMDs) that minimize unwanted vibrations caused by exogenous disturbance forces to a ram-type structure with varying dynamic characteristics. A key challenge for the development of the LTI control framework is the reformulation of the TMDs’ design parameters, which consist of linear and nonlinear parameters as static feedback gains. This paper proposes the use of extra cascade control inputs to reformulate the optimization problem into an LTI control framework for the simultaneous optimization of linear (i.e., stiffness and damping) and nonlinear (i.e., location) parameters. A rigid planar system with multiple attached TMDs is developed as a mathematical model. It is reconstituted as an LTI framework by connecting a control input for the location parameter with control inputs for the stiffness and damping parameters. The model is then optimized using multi-model H∞ synthesis. A commercial gantry-type machining center is used to validate the proposed approach. Results from the simulation and experiment show that the optimized multiple TMDs systematically designed by this approach improve the system's dynamic stiffness by up to 83% and increase the allowable maximum depth of cut from 1 mm to 1.5 mm.
Needle-Size Bending Actuators Based on Controlled Nitinol Curvatures and Elastic Structures
Authors: Kalairaj Manivannan Sivaperuman , Yeow Bok Seng , Lim Chwee Ming , Ren Hongliang
Published: December 2019

Surgical navigation of small lumens during surgery is a challenging task, requiring expert knowledge and dexterity. The challenge pertains to the manipulation of the distal tip (inside the patient) from the proximal end (outside the patient). Limitations in down-scaling tendon-based manipulation have led our group to investigate shape-memory-alloy, curvature-based actuation for small lumen navigation. We demonstrate two prototype designs with different approaches and characterize the deflection angles for use in surgical navigation. Nitinol wire was shape trained to memorize a particular curvature and assembled without using micro-fabrication techniques. By varying actuation voltage and control signal pulse width, we show controlled deflections ranging between 5 deg and 22 deg, which applies to surgical navigation. This concept improves distal control and makes the actuation of surgical actuators easier and safer. By varying voltage between 5.7 V to 6.3 V, we show the temperature generated ranging between 37 °C and 43 °C, the force generated ranging between 0.015 N and 0.021 N experimentally and 0.01 N and 0.028 N theoretically.
Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Trachyoribates Berlese, 1908 (Acari, Oribatida, Haplozetidae), with description of Trachyoribates viktortsoii sp. nov. from Malaysia and synonymy of Magyaria

Authors: ERMILOV SERGEY G.
Published: December 2019

The genus Trachyoribates Berlese, 1908 (Oribatida, Haplozetidae) comprises two species, which are distributed in the Oriental region and New Guinea. A new species of Trachyoribates is described from forest litter in Malaysia. Trachyoribates viktortsoii sp. nov. is morphologically most similar to Trachyoribates annobonicus Pérez-Íñigo, 1981 in having long interlamellar setae and tridactylous legs, but differs from the latter by the entirely reticulate body surface, five pairs of genital setae and 11 pairs of notogastral setal alveoli, including dp. A revised generic diagnosis, identification key and data on distribution and ecology of known species of this expanded concept of Trachyoribates are presented. Magyaria Balogh, 1963 is considered a junior synonym (syn. nov.) of Trachyoribates and the known 19 species of Magyaria are recombined.
Three new species of eriophyoid mites (Acari: Eriophyoidea) from
South China

Authors: QIN FENGPING , YAR MUHAMMAD ASFAND , TANG SHUAI , WANG GUOQUAN
Published: December 2019

Three new species of eriophyoid mites from South China are described and illustrated: Acadicrus sterculus sp. nov. infesting Sterculia lanceolata Cav. (Sterculiaceae) belongs to subfamily Phyllocoptinae (Eriophyidae), Diptacus cinnamomus sp. nov. infesting Cinnamomum japonicum Sieb. (Lauraceae) and Diptilomiopus heteropanax sp. nov. infesting Heteropanax fragrans (Roxb.) Seem. (Araliaceae) belong to Diptilomiopinae (Diptilomiopidae). All are vagrants causing no apparent damage to their host plants.
The Effect of Fatigue on Leg Muscle Activation and Tibial Acceleration During a Jumping Task
Authors: Sandrey Michelle A. , Chang Yu-Jen , McCrory Jean L.
Published: December 2019

Context:Lower-extremity stress fractures (SFx) are a common occurrence during load-bearing activities of jumping and landing. To detect biomechanical changes during jumping postinjury, a fatigue model could be used.Objective:To evaluate muscle activation in the lower leg and tibial accelerations (TAs) prefatigue to postfatigue following a jumping task in those with and without a history of SFx.Design:Repeated-measures.Setting:Athletic Training Research Lab.Participants:A total of 30 active college-aged students with and without a history of lower-extremity (leg or foot) SFx (15 males and 15 females; 21.5 [5.04] y, height = 173.5 [12.7] cm, weight = 72.65 [16.4] kg).Intervention:A maximal vertical jump on one leg 3 times with arms folded across the chest prefatigue to postfatigue was performed. Fatigue protocol was standing heel raises on a custom-built platform at a pace controlled by a metronome until task failure was reached. Legs were tested using a randomized testing order. Electromyographic (EMG) surface electrodes were placed on the medial gastrocnemius, soleus, and tibialis anterior following a standardized placement protocol. A triaxial accelerometer was attached to the proximal anteromedial surface of the tibia.Main Outcome Measures:Linear envelopes of the medial gastrocnemius, soleus, and tibialis anterior and peak accelerations (resultant acceleration takeoff and landing).Results:Significant interaction for leg × test for tibialis anterior with a posttest difference between SFx and control (P = .05). There were decreases in EMG linear envelope following fatigue for medial gastrocnemius (P < .01) and tibialis anterior (P = .12) pretest to posttest. At takeoff, TA was greater in the SFx contralateral leg in comparison with the control leg (P = .04). At landing, TA was greater in posttest (P < .01) and in the SFx leg compared with SFx contralateral (P = .14).Conclusion:A decrease in muscle activity and an increase in TA following fatigue were noted for all subjects but especially for those with a history of SFx.
Cyclic lava effusion during the 2018 eruption of Kīlauea Volcano
Authors: Patrick M. R. , Dietterich H. R. , Lyons J. J. , Diefenbach A. K. , Parcheta C. , Anderson K. R. , Namiki A. , Sumita I. , Shiro B. , Kauahikaua J. P.
Published: December 2019

Caldera collapse and flank eruption

Real-time monitoring of volcanic eruptions involving caldera-forming events are rare (see the Perspective by Sigmundsson). Anderson
et al.
used several types of geophysical observations to track the caldera-forming collapse at the top of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i, during the 2018 eruption. Gansecki
et al.
used near–real-time lava composition analysis to determine when magma shifted from highly viscous, slow-moving lava to low-viscosity, fast-moving lava. Patrick
et al.
used a range of geophysical tools to connect processes at the summit to lava rates coming out of far-away fissures. Together, the three studies improve caldera-collapse models and may help improve real-time hazard responses.

Science
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Calderas collapse as magma flows into rifts
Authors: Sigmundsson Freysteinn
Published: December 2019

Recent caldera collapses show the importance of distant volcanic rift zones
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Three- versus Five-Day Artemether-Lumefantrine Regimens for Treatment of Uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum Malaria in Pregnancy in Africa
Authors: Onyamboko Marie A. , Hoglund Richard M. , Lee Sue J. , Kabedi Charlie , Kayembe Daddy , Badjanga Benjamin B. , Turner Gareth D. H. , Jackson Nikky V. , Tarning Joel , McGready Rose , Nosten Francois , White Nicholas J. , Day Nicholas P. J. , Fanello Caterina
Published: December 2019

Artemether-lumefantrine antimalarial efficacy in pregnancy could be compromised by reduced drug exposure. Population-based simulations suggested that therapeutic efficacy would be improved if the treatment duration was increased.
Yeast Viral Killer Toxin K1 Induces Specific Host Cell Adaptions via Intrinsic Selection Pressure
Authors: Gier Stefanie , Simon Martin , Gasparoni Gilles , Khalifa Salem , Schulz Marcel H. , Schmitt Manfred J. , Breinig Frank
Published: December 2019

The killer phenotype in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
relies on the cytoplasmic persistence of two RNA viruses. In contrast to bacterial toxin producers, killer yeasts necessitate a specific immunity mechanism against their own toxin because they bear the same receptor populations as sensitive cells. Although the killer phenomenon is highly abundant and has a crucial impact on the structure of yeast communities, the influence of a particular toxin on its host cell has been barely addressed. In our study, we used two derivatives secreting different amount of the killer toxin K1 to analyze potential coadaptional events in this particular host/virus system. Our data underline the dependency of the host cell’s ability to cope with extracellular toxin molecules and intracellular K1 molecules provided by the virus. Therefore, this research significantly advances the current understanding of the evolutionarily conserved role of this molecular machinery as an intrinsic selection pressure in yeast populations.
Antimicrobial Activity of, and Cellular Pathways Targeted by,
p
-Anisaldehyde and Epigallocatechin Gallate in the Opportunistic Human Pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Adewunmi Yetunde , Namjilsuren Sanchirmaa , Walker William D. , Amato Dahlia N. , Amato Douglas V. , Mavrodi Olga V. , Patton Derek L. , Mavrodi Dmitri V.
Published: December 2019

Essential oils (EOs) are plant-derived products that have long been exploited for their antimicrobial activities in medicine, agriculture, and food preservation. EOs represent a promising alternative to conventional antibiotics due to their broad-range antimicrobial activity, low toxicity to human commensal bacteria, and capacity to kill microorganisms without promoting resistance. Despite the progress in the understanding of the biological activity of EOs, our understanding of many aspects of their mode of action remains inconclusive. The overarching aim of this work was to address these gaps by studying the molecular interactions between an antimicrobial plant aldehyde and the opportunistic human pathogen
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
. The results of this study identify the microbial genes and associated pathways involved in the response to antimicrobial phytoaldehydes and provide insights into the molecular mechanisms governing the synergistic effects of individual constituents within essential oils.
RNA Polymerase II Promoter-Proximal Pausing and Release to Elongation Are Key Steps Regulating Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Transcription
Authors: Birkenheuer Claire H. , Baines Joel D.
Published: December 2019

These data suggest that viral transcription is regulated not only by Pol II recruitment to viral genes but also by control of elongation into viral gene bodies. We provide a detailed map of Pol II occupancy on the HSV-1 genome that clarifies features of the viral transcriptome, including the first identification of Pol II PPP sites. The data indicate that Pol II is recruited to late genes early in infection. Comparing α and β gene occupancy at PPP sites and gene bodies suggests that Pol II is released more efficiently into the bodies of β genes than α genes at 3 hpi and that repression of α gene expression late in infection is mediated by prolonged promoter-proximal pausing. In addition, DNA replication is required to maintain full Pol II occupancy on viral DNA and to promote elongation on late genes later in infection.
A case of Moyamoya disease complicated by aHUS in a patient with a history of marginal zone B-cell lymphoma: lightning strikes thrice?
Authors: Valle Ana , Papagermanos Vassiliki , Wotman Michael , Shani Dana
Published: December 2019

Atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome (aHUS) is a rare, acquired thrombotic microangiopathy, mediated by complement activation, in very sick patients. Moyamoya is similarly a rare disease in which stenosis or occlusion of segment(s) of the anterior cerebral circulation leads to the formation of many thin collaterals. Other reports have described an association between HUS and Moyamoya disease in the paediatric population. However, this case study presents the exceptionally rare presentation of an adult with aHUS and Moyamoya disease in a patient who was treated with rituximab for marginal zone B-cell lymphoma.
Successful pregnancy and delivery following surgical treatment of postmyomectomy uterocutaneous fistula
Authors: Yesiladali Mert , Saridogan Erdinc , Saridogan Ertan
Published: December 2019

Uterocutaneous fistula is an extremely rare clinical condition that may be caused by postoperative or postpartum complications, such as infection or inflammation. Although fibroids and myomectomy are common clinical entities among women of reproductive age, there are very few postmyomectomy uterocutaneous fistula cases in the literature. This article presents the first reported case of a succesful pregnancy and live birth following treatment of a postmyomectomy uterocutaneous fistula. After laparoscopic adhesiolysis, a minilaparotomy was performed to excise the fistula tract completely from both the abdominal wall and the uterus. The uterine wall defect was repaired in multiple layers. The patient had a good recovery after surgery, and the uterocutaneous fistula resolved completely. Due to obliteration of both tubal ostia, the patient was referred for in vitro fertilisation treatment. She conceived after the third frozen embryo transfer procedure and gave birth to a 4.4 kg baby at full term by caesarean section.
Closed loop bowel obstruction secondary to left paraduodenal hernia (of Landzert)
Authors: Cho Yeo Min , Aksakal Gamze , Ashour Mohamed Ahmed Tawfik , Moore Suzanne
Published: December 2019

A 34-year-old man presented with acute severe left-sided abdominal and flank pain with associated postprandial nausea and vomiting. CT imaging revealed findings suspicious for a closed loop small bowel obstruction. Intraoperative findings were that of a left paraduodenal hernia (of Landzert) secondary to a mesenteric defect immediately posterior to the ascending branch of the left colic artery. The defect was closed via minilaparotomy. Unfortunately, his postoperative course was complicated by small bowel obstruction which required further laparotomy and adhesiolysis. The patient eventually made a good recovery. Here, we present a rare case of intestinal obstruction and discuss the aetiologies and management of this unusual phenomenon.
Penile gangrene due to calciphylaxis: a multidisciplinary approach to a complex clinical challenge
Authors: David Rowan , Nowicki Jake , Lee Jason , Dean Nicola
Published: December 2019

Penile calciphylaxis is a rare but clinically challenging condition to manage. While multiple treatment options have been proposed, the underlying evidence is anecdotal, and the overall prognosis remains extremely poor. We describe the case of a patient who underwent urgent debridement of a suspected gangrenous penile tip, who was intraoperatively found to have penile calciphylaxis. The necrosis progressed and the patient had a glans amputation. A non-healing wound developed, requiring reconstruction with two skin grafts using foreskin by the plastic and reconstructive surgical unit. The patient was commenced on sodium thiosulfate and his wound had completely healed 2 months following his last operation. We review the literature to determine the biochemical features, management options and outcomes in patients with penile calciphylaxis.
Pembrolizumab-induced autoimmune haemolytic anaemia and cholangitis
Authors: Williams Harriet , Aitchison Robin
Published: December 2019

Increasing numbers of patients are now offered immunotherapy as part of their cancer treatment. These treatments, while often very effective, have a wide range of adverse effects that are distinct from those of traditional chemotherapy regimens. Thyroid disease, dermatological disease, colitis and pneumonitis are some of the most commonly reported immune side effects. We present a case of life-threatening de novo autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA) complicated by immune cholangitis induced by pembrolizumab. An 81-year-old woman with metastatic melanoma completed a two-year course of pembrolizumab in August 2018 and six weeks later presented to hospital with jaundice. Admission haemoglobin (Hb) was 91 g/L, rapidly decreasing to 31 g/L, at which point she required admission to the intensive care unit. AIHA is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication of checkpoint inhibitors and should be considered in patients presenting with anaemia during or after immunotherapy treatment.
Hypotension: an unusual presentation of vitamin B12deficiency, with complete recovery following cyanocobalamin therapy
Authors: Yousaf Zohaib , Razok Almurtada , Elzouki Abdel-Naser , Sabobeh Taher
Published: December 2019

Vitamin B12deficiency and its sequelae are well described and reported, especially in vegetarians. However, its association with haemodynamic instability is not well identified. We report a case of a young man, previously healthy, presenting with fever, hypotension requiring vasopressors and pancytopenia. Extensive workup was unrevealing for possible infective, inflammatory or endocrine causes except for vitamin B12deficiency. Fever and haematological parameters stabilised after adequate supplementation of cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12).
Impact of time-varying productivity on estimated stock–recruitment parameters and biological reference points
Authors: Holt Carrie A. , Michielsens Catherine G.J.
Published: December 2019

Models with time-varying parameters are increasingly being considered in the assessment of fish stocks, but their reliability when used to derive biological reference points or benchmarks has not been thoroughly evaluated. Here, we evaluated stock–recruitment models with and without time-varying productivity in a simulation framework for sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) under different scenarios of productivity and exploitation. Ignoring trends in productivity led to overestimates of productivity and underestimates of capacity when both exploitation rates and productivity declined over time, resulting in an underestimation on average of benchmarks of biological status. Despite being less biased, time-varying models had relatively poor fit based on AICc and BIC model selection criteria. Our simulation results were compared with empirical analyses of 12 Fraser River sockeye salmon stocks in British Columbia, Canada. Although benchmarks were less biased when based on time-varying models, underlying true benchmarks based on spawner abundances at maximum sustainable yield, SMSY, trend downwards when productivity declines, which may not be aligned with conservation objectives. We conclude with best practices when adapting biological benchmarks to time-varying productivity.
Evolution of node impact based on secondary propagation
Authors: Nian Fuzhong , Gao Kai
Published: December 2019

In real life, the propagation ability of the information disseminator is one of the important factors which is determined to propagate information. The influence of the node, which is altered with time, is proposed to reflect the propagation ability of the information disseminator for the significance of the information propagation in the actual situation in this paper. Therefore, the influence of the node is divided into the high-impact node and the low-impact node. Furthermore, the SSIR information propagation model is proposed and the dynamic BA scale-free network is constructed to carry out evolution of node impact based on secondary propagation experiments. The experiment results indicate three stages, including the initial stage, the rapidly rising stage and the stable stage. The propagation details of the different messages are distinct. However, the trend of propagation is similar.
Half-metallic properties in Co2XSn (X = Ti, V and Cr) full-Heusler compound
Authors: Abbassa H. , Labdelli A. , Meskine S. , Cherif Y. Benaissa , Boukortt A.
Published: December 2019

First-principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) confirm the half-metallic ferromagnetism in both [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], and the nearly half-metallic ferromagnetism in [Formula: see text] Heusler alloys with the [Formula: see text]-type structure [Formula: see text]. The electronic band structures and density of states (DOS) calculations of the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] compounds show that the spin-up electrons are metallic, whereas the spin-down bands are semiconducting with a gap of 0.47 eV and 0.53 eV, respectively, with 0.21 eV and 0.36 eV as a spin-flip gap, respectively. The [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] Heusler were half-metal compounds with magnetic moment of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] at the equilibrium lattice constants [Formula: see text] Å and [Formula: see text] Å, respectively, which agrees with the Slater–Pauling rule, and have 100% polarization for a wide range of lattice parameters. The [Formula: see text] is a nearly half-metal (NHF) compound with magnetic moment of [Formula: see text] and 92.9% polarization at the equilibrium lattice constants [Formula: see text] Å and acquire half-metal behavior under the pressure 16.70 GPa.
Ontology-Based Image Classification and Annotation
Authors: Filali Jalila , Zghal Hajer Baazaoui , Martinet Jean
Published: December 2019

With the rapid growth of image collections, image classification and annotation has been active areas of research with notable recent progress. Bag-of-Visual-Words (BoVW) model, which relies on building visual vocabulary, has been widely used in this area. Recently, attention has been shifted to the use of advanced architectures which are characterized by multi-level processing. Hierarchical Max-Pooling (HMAX) model has attracted a great deal of attention in image classification. To improve image classification and annotation, several approaches based on ontologies have been proposed. However, image classification and annotation remain a challenging problem due to many related issues like the problem of ambiguity between classes. This problem can affect the quality of both classification and annotation results. In this paper, we propose an ontology-based image classification and annotation approach. Our contributions consist of the following: (1) exploiting ontological relationships between classes during both image classification and annotation processes; (2) combining the outputs of hypernym–hyponym classifiers to lead to a better discrimination between classes; and (3) annotating images by combining hypernym and hyponym classification results in order to improve image annotation and to reduce the ambiguous and inconsistent annotations. The aim is to improve image classification and annotation by using ontologies. Several strategies have been experimented, and the obtained results have shown that our proposal improves image classification and annotation.
Castelnuovo–Mumford regularity of associated graded modules of k-Buchsbaum modules
Authors: Dung Le Xuan
Published: December 2019

Bounds on the Castelnuovo–Mumford regularity of the associated graded modules of [Formula: see text]-Buchsbaum modules [Formula: see text] are given in terms of [Formula: see text] and some other invariants of [Formula: see text].
南洋大学校史研究述评
Authors: 庄 泽虹
Published: December 2019

自21世纪以来，关于南洋大学校史的研究取得了初步的进展。中国大陆学者多从海外华文教育角度切入并进行诠释;而台湾地区及海外学者则主要依托该校校史档案与报刊资料，从族群关系与民族国家构建的角度进行研究。研究成果表明：南洋大学代表了当时海外华文教育的最高水平。南洋大学的历史变迁彰显出在新加坡国家建构的过程中，华族的文化载体与语言符号，逐渐被一个族群多元、文化多元的国家所同化，并逐渐地消融在国家化的主流语言中。同时，无论是在研究视角，还是材料运用上，对南洋大学的校史研究都有进一步提升的空间。
How Data ScientistsWork Together With Domain Experts in Scientific Collaborations
Authors: Mao Yaoli , Wang Dakuo , Muller Michael , Varshney Kush R. , Baldini Ioana , Dugan Casey , Mojsilović Aleksandra
Published: December 2019

In recent years there has been an increasing trend in which data scientists and domain experts work together to tackle complex scientific questions. However, such collaborations often face challenges. In this paper, we aim to decipher this collaboration complexity through a semi-structured interview study with 22 interviewees from teams of bio-medical scientists collaborating with data scientists. In the analysis, we adopt the Olsons' four-dimensions framework proposed in Distance Matters to code interview transcripts. Our findings suggest that besides the glitches in the collaboration readiness, technology readiness, and coupling of work dimensions, the tensions that exist in the common ground building process influence the collaboration outcomes, and then persist in the actual collaboration process. In contrast to prior works' general account of building a high level of common ground, the breakdowns of content common ground together with the strengthen of process common ground in this process is more beneficial for scientific discovery. We discuss why that is and what the design suggestions are, and conclude the paper with future directions and limitations.
Potential roles in cardiac physiology and pathology of the cation channel TRPV2 expressed in cardiac cells and cardiac macrophages: a mini-review
Authors: Entin-Meer Michal , Keren Gad
Published: December 2019

TRPV2 is a well-conserved channel protein expressed in almost all tissues. Cardiomyocyte TRPV2 is expressed in the intercalated disks of the cardiac sarcomeres, where it is involved in maintaining the proper mechanoelectric coupling and structure. It is also abundantly expressed in the intracellular pools, mainly the endoplasmic reticulum. Under pathological conditions, TRPV2 is translocated to the sarcolemma, where it mediates an abnormal [Ca]2+entry that may contribute to disease progression. In addition, an intracellularly diffused TRPV2 expression is present in resident cardiac macrophages. Upon infection or inflammation, TRPV2 is engaged in early phagosomes and is, therefore, potentially involved in protecting the cardiac tissue. Following acute myocardial infarction, a profound elevated expression of TRPV2 is observed on the cell membrane of the peri-infarct macrophages. The macrophage TRPV2 may harbor a detrimental effect in cardiac recovery by increasing unfavorable migration and phagocytosis processes in the injured heart. Most reports suggest that while cardiac TRPV2 activation may be beneficial under specific physiological conditions, both cardiac- and macrophage-related TRPV2 blocking can significantly ameliorate disease progression in various pathological states. To verify this possibility, the time frame of TRPV2 overexpression and its mediated signaling need to be fully characterized in both cardiomyocyte and cardiac macrophage populations.
Abundant Coexisting Multiple Attractors’ Behaviors in Three‐Dimensional Sine Chaotic System
Authors: Wu Huagan , Bao Han , Xu Quan , Chen Mo
Published: December 2019

This paper presents a novel and simple three‐dimensional (3‐D) chaotic system by introducing two sine nonlinearities into a simple 3‐D linear dynamical system. The presented sine system possesses nine equilibrium points consisting of five index‐2 saddle foci and four index‐1 saddle foci which allow the coexistence of various types of disconnected attractors, also known as multistability. The coexisting multiple attractors are depicted by the phase plots and attraction basins. Coexisting bifurcation modes triggered by different initial values are numerically simulated by two‐dimensional bifurcation and complexity plots under two sets of initial values and one‐dimensional bifurcation plots under three sets of initial values, which demonstrate that the abundant coexisting multiple attractors’ behaviors in the presented sine system are related not only to the system parameters but also to the initial values. A simulation‐oriented circuit model is synthesized, and PSIM (power simulation) screen captures well validate the numerical simulations.
Compact Band-Selective Power Divider Using One-Dimensional Metamaterial Structure
Authors: Park Soonwoo , Han Heeje , Kim Chanwoo , Bae Jaemin , Cho Youngki , Kim Hongjoon
Published: December 2019

A band-selective power divider is demonstrated for the first time. By replacing lumped element right-handed (RH) and left-handed (LH) transmission lines (TL) in a conventional Wilkinson power divider, it is possible to achieve both power division and filtering simultaneously. By utilizing the positive phase propagation property of an RHTL, which works as a low-pass filter, and the negative phase propagation property of an LHTL, which works as a high-pass filter, the band-selective quarter-wave sections required to construct a Wilkinson power divider are implemented. The fabricated circuit shows an insertion loss in the range 1.7 dB–2.5 dB in the passband, with the circuit dimensions of merely 12 mm by 10 mm.
Effects of Summer Rainfall on the Soil Thermal Properties and Surface Energy Balances in the Badain Jaran Desert
Authors: Li Jiangang , Mamtimin Ali , Li Zhaoguo , Jiang Cailian , Wang Minzhong
Published: December 2019

Based on observational data collected during the summer of 2009 from the southern Badain Jaran Desert, the surface sensible and latent heat fluxes and shallow soil thermal storage were obtained through corrections and quality control measures. The soil thermal properties and characteristics of the land surface energy budget before and after rainfall episodes were systematically analyzed. Short-term precipitation had a greater influence than systematic precipitation on the soil temperature (ST) and soil volumetric water content (VWC). After rainfall, the VWC rapidly increased, showing a decreasing growth rate trend with depth and time in all layers; the soil temperature change rate (TCR) exhibited the opposite tendency. The surface albedo, which was affected little by the solar elevation angle and short-term precipitation, fluctuated from low to high during short-term rainfall. The soil thermal parameters, including the volumetric heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and diffusivity, all increased after rainfall. The diurnal soil heat flux variations in each layer manifested as quasisinusoids, and the amplitude gradually decreased with depth. The energy balance ratio (EBR) without and with soil heat storage (S) varied differently; after incorporating S, the EBR increased by approximately 5-6% regardless of rainfall but remained lower afterward. Throughout the observation period, the maximum daytime EBR appeared approximately 1-2 days before or after rainfall and gradually declined otherwise. These findings are fundamental for understanding the influences of cloud and precipitation disturbances on radiation budgets and energy distributions and improving the parameterization of surface radiation budgets and energy balances for numerical models of semiarid areas.
Research on the Dynamic Mechanical Properties and Energy Dissipation of Expansive Soil Stabilized by Fly Ash and Lime
Authors: Zhou Sheng-quan , Zhou Da-wei , Zhang Yong-fei , Wang Wei-jian , Li Dongwei
Published: December 2019

To probe into the dynamic mechanical properties of expansive soil stabilized by fly ash and lime under impact load, the split-Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) test was carried out in this study. An analysis was made on the dynamic mechanical property and final fracture morphology of stabilized soil, and the failure mechanism was also explored from the perspective of energy dissipation. According to the test results, under the impact pressure of 0.2 MPa, plain soil and pure fly ash-stabilized soil exhibit strong plasticity. After the addition of lime, the stabilized soil shows obvious brittle failure. The dynamic compressive strength and absorbed energy of stabilized soil first increase and then decrease with the change of mix proportions. Both the dynamic compressive strength and the absorbed energy reach the peak value at the content of 20% fly ash and 5% lime (20% F + 5% L). In the process of the test, most of the incident energy is reflected back to the incident bar. The absorbed energy of stabilized soil increases linearly with the rise of dynamic compressive strength, while the absorbed energy is negatively correlated with the fractal dimension. The fractal dimension of pore morphology of the plain soil is lower than that of the fly ash-lime combined stabilized soil when it comes to the two different magnification ratios. The test results indicate that the modifier content of 20% F + 5% L can significantly improve the dynamic mechanical properties of the expansive soil.
Vehicle Attribute Recognition for Normal Targets and Small Targets Based on Multitask Cascaded Network
Authors: Liu Fang , Zhang Yong , Gong Hua , Xu Ke , Cai Ligang
Published: December 2019

The interference of the complex background and less information of the small targets are two major problems in vehicle attribute recognition. In this paper, two cascaded networks of vehicle attribute recognition are established to solve the two problems. For vehicle targets with normal size, the multitask cascaded convolution neural network MC‐CNN‐NT uses the improved Faster R‐CNN as the location subnetwork. The vehicle targets in the complex background are extracted by the location subnetwork to the classification subnetwork CNN for the classification. The implementation of this task decomposition strategy effectively eliminates the interference of the complex background in target detection. For vehicle targets with small size, the multitask cascaded convolution neural network MC‐CNN‐ST applies the network compression strategy and the multilayer feature fusion strategy to extract the feature maps. These strategies enrich the location information and semantic information of the feature maps. In order to optimize the nonlinear mapping ability and the hard‐to‐detect samples mining ability of the networks, the activation function and the loss function in the two cascaded networks are improved. The experimental results show that MC‐CNN‐NT for the normal targets and MC‐CNN‐ST for the small targets achieve the state‐of‐the‐art performance compared with other attribute recognition networks.
Sustainable Development of Corrosion Inhibitors from Electronic Scrap: Synthesis and Electrochemical Performance
Authors: Porcayo-Calderon J. , Ramos-Hernandez J.J. , Porcayo-Palafox E. , Martínez de la Escalera L.M. , Canto J. , Gonzalez-Rodriguez J.G. , Martinez-Gomez L.
Published: December 2019

Due to its high content of rare earths, the use of permanent magnets can be a sustainable alternative for the synthesis of environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitors in order to replace the use of highly toxic inhibitors, as well as the use of rare earth salts of high purity and high cost. In this study, the recovery of rare earths from permanent magnet wastes and their synthesis to chloride salts were carried out. Rare earth chlorides were evaluated as corrosion inhibitors by electrochemical techniques on API X70 steel in a 3.5% NaCl solution. Both anodic and cathodic polarization curves were made, and measurements of both open-circuit potential, linear polarization resistance, and electrochemical impedance were made. Results show that the inhibitor synthesized is a mixture of Nd and Pr chloride. Its performance as a corrosion inhibitor is superior to that of high purity Nd chloride (analytical reagent). The results show that the use of electronic scrap is a sustainable source for the synthesis of green corrosion inhibitors with low carbon footprint.
Dynamic Response Analysis of Lateral Impact Force of Frame Wharf with Rock‐Socketed Piles in Inland River Steel Sheath
Authors: Zhang Xiaolong , Duan Bingchuan , Wang Chengzhi , Wang Duoyin
Published: December 2019

In this study, a three‐dimensional finite element model was established to simulate the dynamic response of a large‐scale steel‐reinforced concrete composite high‐pile wharf with a rock‐socketed steel sheath. The model is based on the second phase of the Chongqing Orchard Harbor structure project in conjunction with the project “Research on the mechanism of interface damage and energy dissipation of the structure of the large‐scale steel‐reinforced concrete composite high‐pile wharf in inland waters.” The stiffness of frame wharf is studied from the perspective of modal and transient dynamic analysis of structural dynamics. The distribution of the low‐order modal frequency is more uniform. With the increase of the order, the modal frequency of the structure shows a periodical jump. The overall stiffness of the frame structure is larger with the steel sheath, and the longitudinal stiffness is less than the transverse stiffness. Under the action of transverse impact load, the members and joints of the steel‐concrete structure exhibit synchronous mechanical response characteristics in the time domain. The peak values of displacement and stress of the structural joints occur 0.05 s after the peak value of the load‐time history, and the peak value of reverse response of force occurs at 2.3 s, which is markedly smaller than the peak value of the response of load direction. Reducing the local positional stiffness of the load point is beneficial to improve the stress of the entire structure. The weak links of the frame structure appear at the joints of the members. Because of the hoop action of the steel sheath, the stress of the reinforced concrete pile core is more uniform. The peak value of the equivalent stress of the steel sheath member is generally larger than that of the reinforced concrete pile core, and the stress is highly concentrated at the joints of the steel tube longitudinal and transverse braces.
Propionibacterium acnes Osteomyelitis after Intraosseous Cannulation in a Child
Authors: Cole Keegan A. , Banerjee Samik , Dipreta John A.
Published: December 2019

Propionibacterium acnes osteomyelitis secondary to intraosseous (IO) cannulation is not well documented in literature. We report here an extremely rare incident of P. acnes tibial osteomyelitis at the IO access site, in a 4-year-old child, who presented 3 months after an episode of fluid resuscitation for streptococcal toxic shock syndrome necessitating irrigation and debridement and prolonged antibiotic therapy. We advocate for heightened awareness of osteomyelitis in patients with continued pain after IO cannulation. Low-grade persistent symptoms may be caused by less virulent organisms and may dictate need for early magnetic resonance imaging studies for diagnosis and treatment planning.
Analysis of Heat Transfer in a Triangular Enclosure Filled with a Porous Medium Saturated with Magnetized Nanofluid Charged by an Exothermic Chemical Reaction
Authors: Muhammad Raees-ul-Haq
Published: December 2019

This paper intends to numerically study the steady‐state free convection heat transfer in the presence of an exothermal chemical reaction governed by Arrhenius kinetics within a right‐angled enclosure of triangular shape filled by porous media saturated with magnetized nanofluid. An approximation named as Darcy–Boussinesq approximation along with a nanofluid model mathematically propounded by Buongiorno has been implemented to model physical phenomenon representing fluid flow, heat transfer, and nanoparticle concentration. The mathematical equations in a dimensionless form describing the stream function for circulation of the fluid, the energy equation for heat, and nanoparticle volume fraction for concentration are solved using the finite difference method. The validity of the numerical procedure is established by comparing present results with the formerly available works in both statistical and graphical approaches. Streamlines, isotherms, and isoconcentrations are plotted and discussed for the various parametric regimes. The graphical description depicts that the average Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are the decreasing function of the Rayleigh number. The study revealed the accountable influence of model parameters such as thermophoresis and Brownian diffusion on the local Sherwood number, whereas a minimum impact on the local Nusselt number is observed.
The mTOR/GCLc/GSH Pathway Mediates the Dose-Dependent Bidirectional Regulation of ROS Induced by TiO2NPs in Neurogenic Cells
Authors: Mao Zhilei , Li Shushu , Zhang Lina , Yao Mengmeng , Zhou Zhu , Chen Minjian
Published: December 2019

Objective. The effect of TiO2NP exposure on the nervous system and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. The antioxidant effect of TiO2NPs at a low dose was newly found in our study, which was different from the effect at high dose. This study is aimed at exploring the mechanism underlying the antioxidant effects of TiO2NPs at low dose and the induction of ROS accumulation by TiO2NPs at high dose in neurogenic cell lines.Methods. We measured the changes in key molecules in the ROS regulation pathway by western blotting, flow cytometry, and commercial assay kits, and these key molecules were further evaluated to verify their interactions and roles using SH-SY5Y, U251, and SK-N-SH cell lines treated with TiO2NPs.Results. Our results showed that the weak antioxidant effect at low dose was caused by mTOR/GCLc-induced GSH overproduction and GSH-Px activity impairment. ROS accumulation at high dose was caused by a mTOR/GCLc-mediated decrease in GSH production, GSH-Px activity impairment, and dramatic ROS production. Furthermore, we found that the ROS species were mainly O2-⋅, and that SOD played a crucial role in reducing O2-⋅levels before the mTOR protein was activated.Conclusion. We revealed the mechanism underlying the bidirectional regulation of ROS induced by TiO2NPs at different doses in neurogenic cell lines. Our study emphasized the potential neurotoxic effects of NPs at low dose, which should arouse concern about their safety.
ALCAT1 Overexpression Affects Supercomplex Formation and Increases ROS in Respiring Mitochondria
Authors: Rieger Bettina , Krajčová Adéla , Duwe Patrick , Busch Karin B.
Published: December 2019

Cardiolipin (CL) is a multifunctional dimeric phospholipid that physically interacts with electron transport chain complexes I, III, and IV, and ATP synthase (complex V). The enzyme ALCAT1 catalyzes the conversion of cardiolipin by incorporating polyunsaturated fatty acids into cardiolipin. The resulting CL species are said to be more susceptible to oxidative damage. This is thought to negatively affect the interaction of cardiolipin and electron transport chain complexes, leading to increased ROS production and mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, it is discussed that ALCAT1 itself is upregulated due to oxidative stress. Here, we investigated the effects of overexpression of ALCAT1 under different metabolic conditions. ALCAT1 is located at the ER and mitochondria, probably at contact sites. We found that respiration stimulated by galactose supply promoted supercomplex assembly but also led to increased mitochondrial ROS levels. Endogeneous ALCAT1 protein expression levels showed a fairly high variability. Artificially induced ALCAT1 overexpression reduced supercomplex formation, further promoted ROS production, and prevented upregulation of coupled respiration. Taken together, our data suggest that the amount of the CL conversion enzyme ALCAT1 is critical for coupling mitochondrial respiration and metabolic plasticity.
Histological Characteristics of Myxoid (Metaplastic) Meningioma in a 44-Year-Old Woman
Authors: Marutani Akiko , Nakano Ryou , Nishi Noriyuki , Yamada Tomonori
Published: December 2019

Myxoid (metaplastic) meningioma is the rarest WHO grade 1 meningioma, and its histological characteristics are useful in diagnostics. We present the case report of a myxoid (metaplastic) meningioma in a 44-year-old woman to highlight the important histological features and observations that are critical for making an accurate diagnosis. We report a rare myxoid meningioma using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images and its histopathological features.
Numerical Vibration Displacement Solutions of Fractional Drawing Self‐Excited Vibration Model Based on Fractional Legendre Functions
Authors: Xie Jiaquan , Zheng Yongjiang , Ren Zhongkai , Wang Tao , Shen Guangxian
Published: December 2019

In practice, due to the fact that the phenomenon of drawing self‐excited vibration can be deemed as one of the hunting phenomena of the mechanical system, this study focuses on investigating the drawing self‐excited vibration process through proposing the fractional differential equation model of hunting phenomenon of the mechanical system. The fractional Legendre functions together with their fractional differential operational matrices are used to numerically solve the model. In this way, the numerical solutions of vibration displacement of the model are obtained. At the end, the proposed model and algorithm are proved to be effective via analyzing the numerical results and phase position.
Dragonfly Algorithm and Its Applications in Applied Science Survey
Authors: Rahman Chnoor M. , Rashid Tarik A.
Published: December 2019

One of the most recently developed heuristic optimization algorithms is dragonfly by Mirjalili. Dragonfly algorithm has shown its ability to optimizing different real-world problems. It has three variants. In this work, an overview of the algorithm and its variants is presented. Moreover, the hybridization versions of the algorithm are discussed. Furthermore, the results of the applications that utilized the dragonfly algorithm in applied science are offered in the following area: machine learning, image processing, wireless, and networking. It is then compared with some other metaheuristic algorithms. In addition, the algorithm is tested on the CEC-C06 2019 benchmark functions. The results prove that the algorithm has great exploration ability and its convergence rate is better than the other algorithms in the literature, such as PSO and GA. In general, in this survey, the strong and weak points of the algorithm are discussed. Furthermore, some future works that will help in improving the algorithm’s weak points are recommended. This study is conducted with the hope of offering beneficial information about dragonfly algorithm to the researchers who want to study the algorithm.
Substance Use among Older Adults: An Update on Prevalence, Etiology, Assessment, and Intervention
Authors: Kuerbis Alexis
Published: December 2019

The global population is aging, and as the population ages, high-risk alcohol and other drug use, particularly cannabis and prescription medications, is growing among older adults (OA). OA, defined here as 50 years of age and older, have a number of unique vulnerabilities to drug and alcohol use due to both biological as well as psychosocial factors compared to younger adults. Understanding the wide spectrum of these vulnerabilities is important to assessment, diagnosis, and intervention. Specific techniques, assessment tools, and interventions known to be effective in OA are reviewed.