bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Radiological Grade of Cochlear Ossification on Cochlear Implant Outcome in Postmeningitis Deafness
Authors: Alzhrani Farid , Alassiry Hassan , Alorainy Ibrahim A. , Albadr Fahad B. , Abdulsamad Yassin , Aldhaferi Ahmad
Published: September 2024

Objectives:

Cochlear implantation provides significant benefits to patients with postmeningitis deafness; however, the prediction of the outcome is difficult. Therefore, the goal was to investigate whether there is a correlation between cochlear implantation outcome in postmeningitis deafness and the radiological grade of cochlear ossification.

Methods:

In this retrospective cohort study conducted at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between January 2013 and December 2017, nine patients with 14 diseased ears were included. All patients with postmeningitis deafness who had cochlear ossification and underwent cochlear implantation were included. Patients' demographic data and postoperative audiological outcome were recorded. Preoperative computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings were independently reviewed by two neuroradiologists and graded for cochlear ossification. The correlation between the preoperative radiological grade of cochlear ossification and postcochlear implant audiological outcome was examined.

Results:

The mean duration of deafness before implantation was 6.5 months, and the average PTA4k for all included ears was 28.9 dB. The average speech reception threshold was 22.5 dB. There was no significant difference in the audiological outcome between the different radiological degrees of cochlear ossification using either MRI or CT.

Conclusion:

The present study showed that the radiological degree of cochlear ossification postmeningitis is not a useful predictor of the audiological outcome postcochlear implant. However, the small sample size remains a major limitation of the current study.
Selenium Protects against Tenofovir/Lamivudine/Efavirenz-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats
Authors: Adikwu Elias , Ezerioha Chidi Emmanuel , Biradee Innocent
Published: September 2024

Context:

Tenofovir/lamivudine/efavirenz (TLE) used for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus may cause acute or chronic nephrotoxicity.

Aim:

This study assessed the ability of selenium (Se) to prevent TLE-induced nephrotoxicity in albino rats.

Materials and Methods:

Forty healthy male albino rats (200–250) randomized into four groups (n = 10) were used. Group 1 (Control) was orally treated with normal saline (0.2 mL) daily for 90 days. Group 2 was orally treated with Se (0.1 mg/kg) daily for 90 days. Group 3 was orally treated with TLE (8.6/8.6/17.1 mg/kg) daily for 90 days. Group 4 was orally co-treated with Se (0.1 mg/kg) and TLE (8.6/8.6/17.1 mg/kg) daily for 90 days. After treatment, the rats were anesthetized and blood samples were collected and evaluated for serum renal function markers. Kidneys were examined for histology and oxidative stress indices.

Results:

Kidney oxidative damage in TLE-treated rats were marked by significant (P < 0.001) decreases in glutathione (GSH), GSH peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase levels with significant (P < 0.001) increases in kidney malondialdehyde levels when compared to control. Altered serum renal biochemical markers in TLE-treated rats were characterized by significant (P < 0.001) increases in creatinine, uric acid, and urea levels with significant (P < 0.001) decreases in total protein, albumin, bicarbonate, sodium, chloride, and potassium levels when compared to control. Tubular necrosis, lipid accumulation, and mesangial proliferation were observed in the kidneys of TLE-treated rats. TLE-induced nephrotoxicity was significantly (P < 0.01) reversed in Se supplemented rats when compared to TLE.

Conclusion:

Se may be clinically used for TLE-associated nephrotoxicity.
Patient’s Psychological Perception of Topical Anesthetic in Reducing Dental Needle Pain: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Fatani Bader Abdulmohsen , Alhilal Abdulrahman Ibrahim , Alkhamali Ibrahim Sanad , Alhizam Abdulmohsen Abdulrahman , Alrumayyan Saleh Firas , Kalanta Rania
Published: September 2024

Background:

Needle fear is one of the most common fears in dental treatment, thus, patients’ demand for topical anesthetics has been increasing significantly. Topical anesthetic has always been generally supported as a technique for decreasing anxiety and discomfort related to needle insertion and its important part in the atraumatic injection of local anesthesia.

Objective:

This study aims to investigate patients’ psychological and physiological aspects of topical anesthetics in reducing dental needle pain.

Materials and Methods:

The data were collected from patients attending the Dental University Hospital at King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The targeted subjects were patients with no previous or current history of psychological impairment or prior history of pain disorder.

Results:

The most commonly perceived benefits of topical anesthesia were local numbness (50.1%) and relaxation (33.0%). Most of the participants had ever requested a topical anesthetic before injection. The most common reasons were anxiety and tension due to needle pain (53.2%) and previous experiences with injection-related pain (42.9%).

Conclusion:

This study showed that the topical anesthetic has a significant psychological impact on patient’s attitudes toward dental treatment with most patients demanding topical anesthetic before dental injections to reduce their level of anxiety and fear before dental injections.
Effect of COVID-19 on Awareness and Consumption of Dietary Supplements in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alshammari Sulaiman Abdullah , Alwakeel Leena Sami , Alghtani Jumana Abdullah , Alsabbagh Laila Mahmoud
Published: September 2024

Objectives:

We aimed to determine the role of the COVID 19 pandemic on dietary supplements' awareness, beliefs and consumption.

Methods:

A cross-sectional online-based survey distributed through social media was done on 575 participants aged 18 and above and living in Saudi Arabia. The Questionnaire contains sociodemographic, prevalence, type, pattern, and habit of D. S. usage and the effect of COVID-19 on consumption. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24.

Results:

The users of D. S. 145 (25.5%), aged between 18 and 25 years old, with higher education levels and higher income. 58% used D. S. before the march, and 66% of D. S. users declared that COVID-19 did not affect their consumption decision. Most D. S. used was vitamins/multivitamins among males and females and were not influenced by anyone to enhance overall health and wellness. D. S. users have used the designated dosage based on the information on the product (43%) and took it randomly without specific time (38%). Our participants agreed on D. S. being harmless, useful, and have an impact on sports performance. They also disagreed on the necessity of D. S. for all ages. Respondents believe Vitamin D is essential for immunity and Vitamin C has a role in cold/flu prevention.

Conclusion:

Most of our respondents get their information from nonmedical sources even though they displayed the right level of awareness and were mindful of D. S.'s limited role in health during the pandemic.
Epidemiological Aspects and Diagnostic Accuracy of Morphological Diagnosis of Hydatidiform Mole Using p57kip2 Immunostain in Nnewi, South-East Nigeria – A Multicenter Study
Authors: Ndukwe Chinedu Onwuka , Ukah Cornelius Ozobia
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

There have been numerous studies on hydatidiform mole (HM) in Nigeria, but some lacked histological diagnosis, and others did not differentiate complete hydatidiform mole (CHM) from partial hydatidiform mole (PHM). In addition, none of these studies involved immunohistochemical (IHC) diagnosis or assessed the accuracy of morphologic diagnosis of CHM. The objective of this study is to determine the epidemiology and accuracy of morphologic diagnosis of CHM using p57KIP2 IHC stain.

Materials and Methods:

The paraffin blocks of histologically diagnosed cases of CHM and PHM seen at two histopathology laboratories in Nnewi, South-East Nigeria, were retrieved from the archives. IHC staining for p57KIP2 was done.

Results:

In this study, we reviewed and reclassified 54 cases of routinely stained HMs as 15 (27.8%) CHMs and 39 (72.2%) PHMs. However, following IHC staining, we further reclassified them as 21 (38.9%) CHMs and 33 (61.1%) PHMs. Discordant histopathological diagnosis between routine staining with hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) and IHC staining with p57KIP2 was identified in eight cases (which constitutes 14.8% of the studied cases): one case was a false-positive diagnosis, while the remaining seven cases were false-negative diagnosis. Thus, the sensitivity and specificity of histopathological diagnosed cases of CHM by H and E were 66.7% and 97%, respectively, with a positive predictive value of 93.3%, negative predictive value of 82.1%, and total accuracy of 85.2%.

Conclusions:

Morphology alone is suboptimal for accurate diagnosis of CHM. We therefore strongly recommend the routine use of p57KIP2 immunostain in all suspected cases of HM.
Approach for an Undergraduate Surgery Course Teaching and Assessment during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alsheikh Sultan , Alhassan Noura , Alfraih Yasser , Alqahtani Hamad , Soliman Mona M.
Published: September 2024

Background:

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a sudden shift to online education worldwide. Online education is a challenging experience in medical education. This study describes the approach toward teaching and assessment upon the sudden shift to online education in the undergraduate surgery course due to lockdown and the perception of students. It also describes the preparation for the succeeding new academic year.

Methods:

In May 2020, after the complete lockdown, online small group interactive tutorial sessions were conducted for the 3rd-year surgery course that included case-based discussion and demonstration of certain clinical skills. The final assessment of the course was delayed to August 2020. Forty-five faculties participated in the exam. Each had 7–6 students to examine a total of 315 students. Seven different sets for the examination were used. Seven closed-ended questionnaires were distributed to the students' online using Google surveys after the final exam students. The questionnaire assessed the students' satisfaction of the urgent arrangement in the course and exams due to the COVID-19 pandemic situations. Likert scale was used to receive students' feedback on 5-point scale.

Results:

All sessions recorded a participation of 71–92 students. A total of 12 lectures covering four topics and three online surgical clinical topics were conducted using zoom. A total of 288 students of 315 attended the final written exam and 287 attended the objective structured clinical examination (OSCE). A total of 144 students of 293 (49%) responded to the 7 questionnaires that were distributed. Regarding the students' agreement on their benefit from the online tutorials. Fifty-nine percent of the respondents agreed that the tutorials improved their clinical sense and developed interest in surgical skills, while 41% of the students disagreed. The majority of the students agreed on the relevance of the topics discussed in the online tutorials. The majority of students agreed that the online tutorials helped to improve their understanding and knowledge of the topic. In response to whether the online tutorials helped to improve understanding and knowledge of the surgical topics, the majority of the students agreed.

Conclusion:

Online medical education for undergraduate surgery courses for 3rd-year medical students is a novel and effective method for managing the urgent situation. Students were overall satisfied with the approach and reported that it helped them to achieve the designed learning objectives.
Knowledge and Practice of Airborne and Droplet Precautions among Healthcare Students during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Binkhamis Khalifa , Barry Mazin , Alkahtani Mashel K. , Almetary Rakan J. , Alrasheed Dana A. , Alyamani Abduljabbar A. , Barakeh Maha M.
Published: September 2024

Background:

Health-care workers are at risk of contracting and transmitting infections. Few studies have assessed knowledge of transmission-based precautions during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study is to estimate the students' knowledge and practice of airborne and droplet precautions as well as knowledge of COVID-19 measures among medical, dental, and nursing students at King Saud University (KSU) during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Subjects and Methods:

This was a cross-sectional survey-based study conducted from August 2020 to October 2020 at KSU. Students that met the inclusion criteria were contacted and given questionnaires through social media; a convenience sampling technique was implemented due to limitations of contact during the pandemic.

Results:

435 students were included in the study. Most of them were females (61.4%), and the distribution was 31.7%, 25.5%, and 42.8% for medical, dentistry, and nursing students, respectively. The mean knowledge of airborne and droplet precautions was 56.6%. Nursing and dentistry students displayed significantly lower knowledge of isolation precautions compared to medical students (P < 0.001). Knowledge of isolation precautions had correlated significantly and positively with self-rated better hygienic practices, r = 0.340, P < 0.010. The students' average knowledge score about COVID-19 was 81.37%. Moreover, results showed that students' overall mean willingness to take the vaccine for COVID-19 was 81%. Students' mean self-rated willingness to undergo COVID-19 vaccination correlated significantly and positively with their knowledge of infection control (r = 0.162, P < 0.010).

Conclusion:

Based on our study, the overall mean knowledge and practice of KSU health students were satisfactory, and their willingness to vaccinate against COVID-19 is acceptable. The study took place while students were learning online hence, we suggest future research to examine the practice of infection control measures after the pandemic.
11β-Hydroxylase Deficiency Caused by a Novel CYP11B1 Variant: A Case Report
Authors: Aldosari HA , Alharbi RN
Published: September 2024

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a group of autosomal recessive disorders of adrenal steroid biosynthesis. 11β-hydroxylase deficiency (11 β-OHD) – caused by a mutation in CYP11B1 – is responsible for 5%–8% of all CAH cases. In the classic form, genotypic female newborns exhibit ambiguous genitalia, but the disorder can remain undetected in males. We report a 2-year, 8-month-old male patient with 11 β-OHD presenting with pseudoprecocious puberty, hypertension, and skin hyperpigmentation. His biochemical profile revealed elevated basal 11-deoxycorticosterone (DOC) and corticotropin levels. The diagnosis was confirmed by detecting a novel splicing mutation in CYP11B1 (NM_000497.3) (c. 955-1G>C). The patient was prescribed hydrocortisone and leuprolide acetate treatment and follow-up appointments. His blood pressure, 11-DOC levels, and skin hyperpigmentation improved after treatment. No further changes in pubertal development were noted. This splicing variant has not been previously reported; hence, our findings broaden the spectrum of the existing database of pathogenic CYP11B1 mutations.
Recent Trends in Dermatologists’ Career Choices: A Cross-sectional Study in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alharithy Ruaa , Alotaibi Hend M. , Shadid Asem , Alhaddad Sukaina , Alotaibi Manar A. , Alsubhi Arwa Musaad , Alqerafi Abdulrahman
Published: September 2024

Background:

Several factors might affect career choice. Limited studies have been conducted to explore these factors among dermatologists.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to determine prevalent career preferences among Saudi dermatologists and assess the factors associated with those preferences.

Design:

This was a cross-sectional study.

Methods:

An online questionnaire was disseminated among 110 Saudi dermatologists who graduated from the national or international dermatology boards in Saudi Arabia between April and July 2020.

Main Outcome Measures:

Dermatologists’ career choices and associated factors after dermatology board training.

Results:

Out of the participating dermatologists, 50% were females, and 50% were males. A total of 80% of participants were married, and 74.5% had children. 43.6% of dermatologists decided to pursue academic careers postresidency, 35.5% opted for private practice, and 20.9% opted for governmental clinical practice (Ministry of Health [MOH]/non-MOH). Gaining new skills, a perceived favorable job market, and earning/income potential was the most common motive for pursuing a fellowship, whereas geographic distribution and working hours were the least common motives. Participants aged 46 years and above had a 6.02-fold (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.50–24.15) higher odds of choosing clinical practice over academics compared to participants aged 30–35 years. Having children was associated with a 2.83-fold (95% CI: 1.07–7.50) higher odds of choosing clinical practice over academic.

Conclusions:

The surveyed dermatologists preferred clinical practice just after residency. After finishing their residency, more than half of the respondents decided to pursue a fellowship. The most important reasons for pursuing a fellowship are the acquisition of new skills and the enhancement of employment opportunities, whereas prestige is the least essential factor. Older age and having children were strongly associated with the odds of choosing clinical practice over academic.
Historical Evolution and the Future of Global Health Security
Authors: Khan Anas A. , Alamri Fahad A. , Alahmari Ahmed A. , Almuzaini Yasir S. , Al Omary Shaker A. , Jokhdar Hani A.
Published: September 2024

Health security has become an integral part of global health after many epidemics, the latest of which was the COVID-19 pandemic, from which the world is still suffering. The term “health security” was first used in the mid-twentieth century. Now that a globalized transportation industry has allowed for the mass movement of travelers and public health emergencies, such as global warming, affect everyone, “health security” has become a top priority of countries around the world. This article breaks down the stages in the development of health security as a concept and discusses them. To that end, it reviews the most prominent international and regional initiatives in the field of global health security, including the efforts of the World Health Organization (WHO). This review will help to anticipate the future development of global health security and offer some suggestions for further research. The article thus concludes with a call for countries to work together to develop a shared method of measuring health security. Whether such initiative is taken by the WHO or by low- and middle-income countries, greater collaboration is needed to discuss shared concerns and develop new strategies, particularly in the field of digital health.
Occupational Safety and Health Personnel are Not All the Same
Authors: Baragaba Basim Ahmad , Guidotti Tee L.
Published: September 2024

Occupational safety and health (OSH) is a multidisciplinary field concerned with the safety, health, and welfare of the workers, their families and communities. It requires teamwork among different OSH professionals like physicians and nurses, engineers and industrial hygienes. This article provide overview for OSH professionals and roadmap for appropriate classification and licensing to ensure assigning the task to the right person to achieve the intended goals.
Differential expression of Cadherins switch and Caveolin-2 during stages of oral carcinogenesis
Authors: Nascimento Rebeca B. , Machado Isadora A. R. , Silva Jamerson C. , Faria Lorena A. S. , Borba Fernanda C. , Porto Lia P. A. , Santos Jean N. , Ramalho Luciana M. P. , Rodini Camila O. , Rodrigues Maria Fernanda S. D. , Paiva Katiúcia B. S. , Xavier Flávia C. A.
Published: September 2024

Background:

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for 90% of oral malignancies, which may be preceded by oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). Cancer progression involves the downregulation of epithelial markers (E-cadherin) and the upregulation of mesenchymal markers (N-cadherin), which together characterise the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Furthermore, caveolin can act on cell adhesion and migration events that regulate the expression of the E-cadherin/α-β-catenin complex, thus favouring aggressive biological behaviour. This study aimed to analyse the immunoexpression of E-cadherin, N-cadherin and caveolin-2 at different stages of oral carcinogenesis to identify reliable biomarkers to predict malignant potential.

Methods:

Expressions of E-cadherin and N-cadherin in 14 normal oral mucosae (NOM), 14 OPMD and 33 OSCC specimens were evaluated using immunohistochemistry. Clinicopathological parameters were also assessed.

Results:

E-cadherin immunoexpression was significantly reduced during the progression of oral carcinogenesis (P = 0.0018). N-cadherin immunoexpression did not show any statistical differences between these groups. However, a representative number of N-cadherin-positive OSCC cases did not express E-cadherin. The expression of caveolin-2 increased significantly with the progression of the disease, from NOM to OSCC (P value: 0.0028).

Conclusion:

These findings indicate that cadherin switch and caveolin-2 immunoexpression may be regulatory events in oral carcinogenesis.
Primary extracranial meningioma of maxilla- A case report
Authors: Dutta Sayani , Sarangi Snehanjan , Ray Debarati , Mitra Sanjib
Published: September 2024

Meningiomas represent one of the commonest benign neural tissue neoplasms, but it is an extremely rare finding in the oral cavity. It tends to arise from the arachnoid cap cells pertaining to dura matter of the Meninges, the choroid plexus, or the brain stem. Herein, we report the case of a 36-year-old male patient, who visited our Department with the chief complaint of facial swelling associated with asymmetry. Based on thorough clinical, radiological, histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses, a diagnosis of Primary Extracranial Meningioma (PEM) of the Maxilla was made. Later, the tumor was surgically removed, and on follow up, the patient is doing well. Our presented case is extremely unique-it represents a PEM involving the oral cavity.
Evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of immunoglobulin Y (IgY) against periodontal biofilm
Authors: Sindhu B U , Praveen Sowmya , Sandeep J N , Avinash J L , Rajiv N P , Rudraswamy Sushma
Published: September 2024

Background and Objectives:

To determine the action of immunoglobulin Y (IgY) on supragingival microbiota and on subgingival microbiota in patients with gingivitis and periodontitis through microbial reduction assay.

Methodology:

40 systemically healthy patients were divided into two groups (gingivitis and periodontitis) with 20 patients per group. Supragingival and subgingival plaque samples were collected from each patient in Group I and Group II, respectively. Sample 1 and Sample 2 from each patient were immediately transferred into sterile Eppendorf tube 1 and tube 2 with microbial transport media, respectively. Both the tubes were then immediately transferred into an anaerobic jar and sent to the microbial facility. IgY was then added to these samples. All the samples were collected in duplicate vials to check the in vitro antimicrobial activity of microbes with IgY and without IgY. Microbial reduction percentage was calculated based on the colony count comparing the colonies with and without IgY.

Results:

The mean CFUs in the gingivitis group with IgY samples was significantly lesser as compared to the periodontitis group. The mean CFUs in gingivitis and periodontitis group with IgY samples was significantly lesser as compared to those without IgY samples.

Conclusion:

IgY has a significant role in the reduction of bacterial count in supragingival and subgingival plaque samples. So, IgY when used as a local drug delivery agent or mouthwash, as an adjunct to scaling and root planing may reduce gingival and periodontal diseases but further studies showing its effect must be carried out to validate the same.
Pleomorphic adenoma with extensive oncocytic papillary cystic areas and trichilemmal keratinisation – A unique presentation
Authors: Aiswarya CV , Vandana Raghunath , Firoz Kamal , Samatha Meda
Published: September 2024

Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is a commonly occurring benign salivary gland tumour known for its surfeit of histo-morphologic appearances ranging from myxochondroid, plasmacytoid, and squamoid elements to the infrequently seen osseous and adipose tissue metaplasia. Oncocytic metaplastic changes, a rare finding, present in the form of sheets/islands/cords of polygonal cells with rich eosinophilic or occasionally clear cytoplasm and an oval/round nucleus. We report one such rare case which portrayed extensive oncocytic changes in a unique bilayered/multi-layered epithelium, lining the papillary cystic areas similar to that of Warthin’s tumour and extensive keratinisation simulating the newly recognised entity “adnexa-like differentiation/trichilemmal keratinisation”, along with foci of cholesterol clefts and multi-nucleated giant cells.
A large aneurysmal bone cyst of mandible: A rare case report
Authors: Shamala S. , Beeula A , Devi M , Hariganesh P
Published: September 2024

An aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is a rare benign tumor-like lesion, described as an expanding osteolytic lesion consisting of blood-filled spaces of variable sizes separated by connective tissue septa. It is frequently accompanied by multiple cystic lesions due to aggressive hemodynamics with reactive bone formation and a genetic predisposition. This lesion has been classified as an atypical giant cell tumor or benign bone cyst. ABC has an incidence of 0.5% and comprises approximately around 1.5% of all non-odontogenic and non-epithelial cysts of the jaws. About 50% of the ABCs are reported in long bones and the vertebral column and only 2% have been reported to involve jaw bones. This case report gives an overview of a very large size ABC of the mandible in a 14-year-old male patient.
Fibroblastic osteosarcoma: A perplexing entity
Authors: Kaur Komal Preet , Kundu Sanchita , Chatterjee Arunit , Pal Mousumi
Published: September 2024

Osteosarcoma (OS), also referred to as osteogenic sarcoma, is the most common primary malignant tumour affecting long bones, characterised by the proliferation of osteoblastic precursor cells and the production of osteoid or immature bone. OSs of the head and neck region have unique biology, exhibiting a clinical behaviour and a natural history that are distinct from OSs of the trunk and extremities. Similarly, their radiological appearance and histological growth pattern can be quite diverse proving to be a challenge to histopathologists to arrive at a diagnosis. Hence, OSs of the jaw remain enigmatic, and a number of difficulties related to their diagnosis and treatment are yet to be resolved. This article reports on a case of advanced OS of the mandible in a 45-year-old woman who came for the evaluation of swelling. This case illustrates the various modalities of diagnosis, such as radiology, histopathology and immunohistochemistry for the confirmation of the variants of OS, leading to an enormously improved quality of life by offering an improved opportunity for cure and treatment.
Iceberg lesion—A rare case of chronic osteomyelitis of the jaw with underlying radicular cyst: A case report
Authors: Ticku Smriti , Shetty Lakshmi , Desai Karishma , Dharamsi Ravina
Published: September 2024

Osteomyelitis is an inflammatory condition of the bones that often starts with an infection of the medullary cavity and swiftly extends to the haversian system and periosteum. If drainage and antimicrobials are ineffective, acute osteomyelitis may progress to chronic osteomyelitis. Here, we offer a unique case that analyzes the radiographic and clinical characteristics of osteomyelitis with underlying disease. Cysts and cyst-like lesions of the jaws must be diagnosed and evaluated using radiographic findings in conjunction with clinical complaints. This case study examines the circumstances that led to the diagnosis of osteomyelitis and demonstrates several noteworthy lessons. As decortication is less invasive and more effective at treating primary chronic osteomyelitis than peripheral or segmental excision of the jaw, and the use of vancomycin as local hard and soft tissue dressing over the surgical site, we emphasize its significance.
Estimation of the calcium content of intact tooth by decalcification and ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid method – A analytical quantitative study
Authors: Gururaj Narayanarao , Prabakaran Rebekah C. , Daniel Divyna , Xavier A. , Swetha S. , Janani V.
Published: September 2024

Background:

Teeth, one of the strongest structures of the human body, stands as reliable evidence in forensic odontology. The gender and age can be estimated from a tooth using various methods. We aimed to estimate the calcium content of an intact tooth and compare it with its average weight and dimension and also to find the possible correlation with the age and gender of an individual.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 180 extracted teeth were divided into group A (21-40), group B (41-60) and group C (61-80). Calcium estimation by decalcification followed by ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid method analysis was performed.

Results:

Greatest calcium values were found in the males with mandibular premolars in group A, of maxillary premolars and mandibular molars in group B, as well as of maxillary canine, maxillary molars and mandibular incisors in group C. Greater calcium levels in the age of group B and C in mandibular incisors and male maxillary molars and in the jaws of group B, group C incisors and group C canines with P < 0.05. Calcium content and the weight of the teeth decreased with ageing.

Conclusion:

Calcium levels significantly varied in each tooth type, arch, gender and age.
Role of desmosomal components in the initiation and metastasis of oral cancer—A review
Authors: Kumar Yellarthi Pavan , Muthukrishnan Arvind , Rama Rao Gandikota Raghu , Pavankumar Y. Sandhya
Published: September 2024

Desmosomes are composed of a number of proteins, including cadherins, armadillo proteins and plakoplilins, which are responsible for mediating cell–cell adhesion. Cadherins are transmembrane proteins that bind to each other on adjacent cells, forming a strong adhesive bond between the cells. In normal tissues, desmosomes help to maintain the structural integrity of the tissue by holding the cells together. During carcinogenesis, the structure and function of desmosomes may be altered. For example, in oral cancer, the expression of certain cadherins may be increased, leading to increased cell–cell adhesion and a more cohesive tumour mass. This may contribute to the ability of cancer cells to evade the immune system and resist chemotherapy. In addition to their role in cell adhesion, desmosomes also play a role in cell signaling. The proteins that make up desmosomes can interact with signaling pathways that regulate cell proliferation, migration and survival. Dysregulation of these pathways may contribute to the development and progression of oral cancer. There is also evidence that desmosomes may be involved in the process of invasion and metastasis, which is the spread of cancer cells from the primary tumour to other parts of the body. Cancer cells that have disrupted or abnormal desmosomes may be more likely to migrate and invade other tissues. Overall, desmosomes appear to be important in the development and progression of oral cancer. Further research is needed to fully understand the role of these cell–cell junctions in the disease and to identify potential therapeutic targets.
Intramedullary Nailing of Proximal Tibia Fractures in Semi-extended Position Using Suprapatellar Approach: Results and Outcomes
Authors: Rohit Kumar , Verma Vikas
Published: September 2024

Aims and Objectives:

This study aimed to evaluate the functional results and clinicoradiological outcomes of extra-articular closed proximal third tibia fractures managed by suprapatellar nailing in semi-extended position with a minimum follow-up of 12 months.

Materials and Methods:

In our prospective study, 15 cases of extra-articular closed proximal third tibia fractures admitted between January 2019 to December 2020, treated with intramedullary nailing through suprapatellar approach, were included. The patients were followed up regularly at 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months, and every 6 months thereafter. The clinical outcome was analyzed using the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) at 12 months’ follow-up visit. The radiological outcomes were analyzed by evaluating the radiographs for fracture union and alignment.

Results:

Fifteen patients having proximal third tibia fracture fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. Patients had an average age of 34 years (24–55 years). The average follow-up period was 14 months (12–18 months) after the index procedure. The average time for radiological union was 6 months (range: 4–12 months). Two patients had procurvatum malalignment of >10°. We did not have significant rotational or varus/valgus malalignment or limb length discrepancy of >1 cm in our study. The average LEFS score at the 12 months’ follow-up was 88% (median: 90%; range: 80%–98%).

Conclusion:

We recommend the use of intramedullary suprapatellar nailing for fixation of proximal third tibial fractures. Suprapatellar nailing has inherent advantages of patient positioning for perfect nail entry and placement. When performed following the established surgical principles and techniques and proper patient and implant selection, it provides excellent clinicoradiological outcome with less complications as compared to other fixation methods for such fractures. There is also absence of anterior knee pain which is very common in the standard infrapatellar approach due to which its use could be extended for nailing of all types of tibia fractures.
Tapping the hospital antimicrobial stewardship initiatives for monitoring antibiotics-related adverse drug reactions
Authors: Krishna Sushma , Lingaiah Mahadevamma , Kavya C. , Nehel P. M. Mohammed , Faseeh M. Mohammed
Published: September 2024

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are harmful effects caused by medications. ADRs may have a significant impact on patients’ quality of life while additionally adding strain on the healthcare system. ADRs are one of the most common prevalent causes of morbidity globally, and they will continue to be a challenging public health issue as medication becomes more advanced to treat diverse diseases in a growing population. A retrospective observational study was carried out in one of the super speciality hospitals of a South Indian City on the antibiotic-associated ADRs reported from 2017 to 2023. Amongst 68 ADRs, 40 (59%) were found to be associated with antibiotics. These ADRs were associated equally in males 20 (50%) and females 20 (50%). The reactions were more in the age group >50 years (n = 20, 50%), and lesser in children of 2–11 years (n = 6, 15%). A higher number of ADRs was caused by beta-lactam inhibitors (n = 13, 33%), followed by the quinolone group (n = 11, 28%). The severity of the reactions was found to be mild (n = 30, 75%) and severe (n = 1, 2.5%). The most affected organ system was the skin and cutaneous system. The results of the study highlight enhanced hospital pharmacovigilance monitoring of antibiotics-associated ADRs to ensure patient safety. Alternatively, hospital antimicrobial stewardship programs may lead a joint effort in preventing antibiotic-associated ADRs and multidrug-resistant infections.
Atiyah sequences of braided Lie algebras and their splittings
Authors: Aschieri Paolo , Landi Giovanni , Pagani Chiara
Published: September 2024

Given an equivariant noncommutative principal bundle, we construct an Atiyah sequence of braided derivations whose splittings give connections on the bundle. Vertical braided derivations act as infinitesimal gauge transformations on connections. In the case of the principal

\mathrm{SU}(2)

-bundle over the sphere

S^{4}_{\theta}

an equivariant splitting of the Atiyah sequence recovers the instanton connection. An infinitesimal action of the braided conformal Lie algebra

\mathrm{so}_{\theta}(5,1)

yields a five parameter family of splittings. On the principal

\mathrm{SO}_\theta(2n,\mathbb{R})

-bundle of orthonormal frames over the sphere

S^{2n}_\theta

, a splitting of the sequence leads to the Levi-Civita connection for the ‘round’ metric on

S^{2n}_\theta

. The corresponding Riemannian geometry of

S^{2n}_{\theta}

is worked out.
Effect of A-Pillar Blind Spots on a Driver’s Pedestrian Visibility
during Vehicle Turns at an Intersection
Authors: Matsui Yasuhiro , Oikawa Shoko
Published: September 2024

This study aims to elucidate the impact of A-pillar blind spots on drivers’
visibility of pedestrians during left and right turns at an intersection. An
experiment was conducted using a sedan and a truck, with a professional test
driver participating. The driver was instructed to maintain sole focus on a
designated pedestrian model from the moment it was first sighted during each
drive. The experimental results revealed how the blind spots caused by A-pillars
occur and clarified the relationship between the pedestrian visible trajectory
distance and specific vehicle windows. The results indicated that the shortest
trajectory distance over which a pedestrian remained visible in the sedan was
17.6 m for a far-side pedestrian model during a right turn, where visibility was
exclusively through the windshield. For the truck, this distance was 20.9 m for
a near-side pedestrian model during a left turn, with visibility through the
windshield of 9.5 m (45.5% of 20.9 m) and through the passenger-side window of
11.4 m (54.5% of 20.9 m). Additionally, we quantified the trajectory distances
where pedestrians became invisible when the driver’s view was obstructed by
A-pillars. The sedan exhibited the highest invisibility rate at 46.1% for a
far-side pedestrian model during a right turn, followed by the truck at 17.8%
for the same model. These findings will be instrumental in developing new
driving support systems aimed at enhancing visibility in situations where
pedestrians are obscured by A-pillars.
Exclusivity and exclusion in sports: an economic appraisal following the judgments in European Superleague and International Skating Union
Authors: Gastal Raphael , Klein Timo
Published: September 2024

This article explores the economics behind exclusivity abuses of a dominant market position by sports governing bodies, building upon the International Skating Union and European Superleague judgments by the Court of Justice of the European Union dated 21 December 2023. After outlining the vertical market structure of sports and its network effects, this article sets out the various (economic and non-economic) theories of harm and benefit that come from exclusive dealing in sports. It also discusses how the effects from these theories may be quantified and what degree of freedom sports federations do or should enjoy when adopting and applying rules that could exclude a rival sports competition.
Development of Children of Parents with Intellectual Disability: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rękosiewicz Małgorzata
Published: September 2024

The number of families in which at least one parent has an intellectual disability remains unknown. Little is also known about the experiences of children growing up in such families. Single studies (e.g. retrospective studies of adult children) provide knowledge about such risk factors for child and family development as parentification or social stigma. The article presents the results of a systematic review of the literature (using the PsycArticles and PsycInfo databases) on the development of children in families with at least one parent with intellectual disability. The aim of the review was to explore the empirical research conducted so far in this area. The article ends with a list of recommendations for further empirical research.
DIGITAL COMICS OF MARTRY CAPTAIN PILOT CENGİZ TOPEL: A STAR FELL ON CYPRUS
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Melissa , İLHAN Genç Osman , ORUÇ Şahin
Published: September 2024

Contrary to traditional methods, the use of age-appropriate and interesting materials in teaching national history and gaining citizenship awareness enriches teaching. International literature shows that the use of educational comics can be used as an effective material in teaching history and transferring citizenship. On the other hand, research on the use of educational comics in teaching national history and citizenship education in social studies courses in Turkey is quite limited. The aim of this study is to prepare the digital comics book of Captain Pilot Cengiz Topel, the first air warfare martyr in the history of the Republic of Turkey. WEB 2.0 Pixton was used in the preparation of the digital comics book. The scenario of the digital comics book "A Star Fell on Cyprus" addresses the events of the Cyprus resistance, Bloody Christmas Night, Turkey's help for the Turkish Cypriots, Martry Captain Pilot Cengiz Topel's capture and the martyrdom of Greeks. In the process of writing the scenario of the comics book, real events, places, and people were used, and expert opinion was obtained. It is expected that the digital comic book "A Star Fell on Cyprus" will contribute to Social Studies education in terms of raising awareness about the Cyprus İssue, introducing important people and heroes in Turkish history, creating national identity, and raising national awareness, analyzing the political, social, and cultural relations of our country with the Turkish Republics, as well as gaining national and universal values such as patriotism, justice, peace, and freedom. Keywords: Cengiz Topel, digital comics, Cyprus issue, Pixton
SPRING FOR THE DEAD: THE RITUAL OF THE FESTIVAL OF THE DEAD AMONG TURKISH SHIIS
Authors: SEVGİ Mehmet Ali
Published: September 2024

Located in the easternmost part of Turkey, Igdir Province is notable for its multicultural structure and lies at the crossroads of different civilizations and throughout history the region has been inhabited by Turks, Kurds, Armenians, Russians and Iranians. Azerbaijani Shiite Turks living in Igdir differ not only in religious context but also culturally and historically in a predominantly Sunni Muslim country. With these differences, they sometimes give the impression of a closed society and attach great importance to their own customs and traditions. One of these traditions is the Feast of the Dead, which takes place in Igdir every year in March before spring. This qualitative research aims to reveal the social, cultural, and historical anatomy of a ritual by using participant observation, interview, and field observation as research methods. In this context, the Feast of the Dead discussed in this study is ethnographically described with regard to the origins of the ritual, its social functions, and the symbolism of the ritual.a Key Words: Igdir, Turkish Shia, Feast of the Dead, Nowruz, Ritual
Homotopy Theoretic and Categorical Models of Neural Information Networks
Authors: Manin Yuri , Marcolli Matilde
Published: September 2024

In this paper we develop a novel mathematical formalism for the modeling of
neural information networks endowed with additional structure in the form of
assignments of resources, either computational or metabolic or informational.
The starting point for this construction is the notion of summing functors and
of Segal's Gamma-spaces in homotopy theory. The main results in this paper
include functorial assignments of concurrent/distributed computing
architectures and associated binary codes to networks and their subsystems, a
categorical form of the Hopfield network dynamics, which recovers the usual
Hopfield equations when applied to a suitable category of weighted codes, a
functorial assignment to networks of corresponding information structures and
information cohomology, and a cohomological version of integrated information.
ANALISIS DAN PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI AKUNTANSI PENJUALAN DAN PENERIMAAN KAS (ONLINE SHOP KANTONG ASI BAABAA BAGBIT)
Authors: Wardani Anggun Vica Budi , Yuliastuti Rika
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakantarbelakan dengan fakta bahwa sistem penjualan dan penerimaan tunai merupakan sistem yang secara signifikan mempengaruhi kesuksesan perusahaan karena penjualan merupakan kegiatan utama yang dilakukan perusahaan untuk menghasilkan keuntungan. Penerimaan tunai adalah tolok ukur keberhasilan dalam penjualan ke perusahaan. Masalah dengan penelitian ini adalah bagaimana penerapan sistem informasi akuntansi penjualan di Baabaa dan bagbit bisnis online tas payudara dan apakah sistem kontrol untuk penjualan dan penerimaan tunai pada baabaa yang ada dan Bagbit kantong ASI bisnis online telah memadai. Penelitian ini mencakup jenis penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Temuan penelitian ini adalah baabaa dan bisnis online tas payudara Bagbit telah menerapkan sistem informasi akuntansi mereka dengan cukup baik. Dokumen dalam sistem penjualan dan penerimaan untuk uang tunai di Tas payudara Baabaa dan Bagbit termasuk faktur dan bukti pembayaran. Catatan akresi yang digunakan dalam bisnis online Baabaa dan Bagbit adalah penerimaan uang tunai dan pengeluaran tunai masih menggunakan catatan dalam buku. Rekomandasi yang dapat diberikan adalah disarankan untuk mencatat transaksi menggunakan komputer untuk mengurangi kemungkinan kesalahan selama perekaman dan memfasilitasi saat melaporkan informasi penjualan.
RANCANG BANGUN APLIKASI TRACER STUDY BERBASIS WEB STUDI KASUS PADA FAKULTAS ILMU KOMPUTER UNIVERSITAS BUNG KARNO
Authors: Alfarisi Wahyu , Fauziyah Fauziyah , Sudarsono Bernadus Gunawan
Published: September 2024

Bung Karno University is a university located in central Jakarta. The Tracer Study Information System at Bung Karno University currently is in the process of distributing tracer study forms and filling out tracer study forms, they still have to come to campus, not to mention that in this pandemic era it is difficult to do which results in delays in the process of processing the results of tracer study data filled out by college student. and it takes time to return the completed tracer study form to the faculty. In defining requirements and analyzing and designing systems in order to achieve this, data collection methods are needed by means of literature study, observation, interviews, design, and testing. The result of writing this thesis will be the construction of a web-based tracer study information system which is expected to be able to experience the existing problems. The tracer study information system proposed for filling out the tracer study form has been systemized and can be directly received by students when the campus makes a filling schedule and makes it easier for students to fill in without having to take the tracer study form to campus, so that faculty can quickly receive tracer study forms that have been submitted. filled in by students. The Tracer Study Information System is expected to minimize the possibility of errors in making the results of the tracer study survey that has been carried out by the faculty