bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of volatile/inhalational and IV anesthesia in long-term survival of patients with breast cancer: a retrospective study
Authors: Karami Mohammad Yasin , Dehghanpisheh Laleh , Karami Ali , Sabzloun Zahra , Niazkar Hamid Reza , Mojarad Najmeh , Panah Ashkan , Talei Abdolrasoul , Tahmasebi Sedigheh
Published: December 2022

Objective

Breast cancer is a worldwide health concern, and surgical removal has remained the preferred therapeutic option in most patients. Furthermore, the current study was designed to investigate the disease-free survival and overall survival in breast cancer patients, who receive either propofol or isoflurane during operation.

Method

This retrospective study was conducted on 994 patients (IV group, n = 530; volatile/inhalational group, n = 464) who underwent breast cancer operation from January 2006 to December 2016 at Faghihi Hospital, Shiraz, Iran. All studied patients were followed up till 2020. Patients are classified into two groups, IV and volatile/inhalational, according to the received anesthesia. For statistical analysis, The Cox regression test was conducted to investigate the association between factors affecting the recurrence of the disease and the Log Rank test was utilized to assess the patients’ survival. Finally, to reduce the effect of confounding factors, all patients were matched according to age, tumor size and tumor grade.

Results

Based on results from the log-rank test, the volatile/inhalational group had a better recurrence-free survival (P = 0.039) compared to the total IV group. However, the overall survival was not considerably different (P = 0.520).

Conclusion

The current study showed that although 2-year disease-free survival is higher in the volatile/inhalational group, there is no meaningful association between the 5-year overall survival and anesthesia technique.
Arabic aspect sentiment polarity classification using BERT
Authors: Abdelgwad Mohammed M. , Soliman Taysir Hassan A. , Taloba Ahmed I.
Published: December 2022

Aspect-based sentiment analysis (ABSA) is a textual analysis methodology that defines the polarity of opinions on certain aspects related to specific targets. The majority of research on ABSA is in English, with a small amount of work available in Arabic. Most previous Arabic research has relied on deep learning models that depend primarily on context-independent word embeddings (e.g. word2vec), where each word has a fixed representation independent of its context. This article explores the modeling capabilities of contextual embeddings from pre-trained language models, such as BERT, and making use of sentence pair input on Arabic aspect sentiment polarity classification task. In particular, we develop a simple but effective BERT-based neural baseline to handle this task. Our BERT architecture with a simple linear classification layer surpassed the state-of-the-art works, according to the experimental results on three different Arabic datasets. Achieving an accuracy of 89.51% on the Arabic hotel reviews dataset, 73.23% on the Human annotated book reviews dataset, and 85.73% on the Arabic news dataset.
Legacy effects of fumigation on soil bacterial and fungal communities and their response to metam sodium application
Authors: Li Xiaoping , Skillman Victoria , Dung Jeremiah , Frost Kenneth
Published: December 2022

Background

Soil microorganisms are integral to maintaining soil health and crop productivity, but fumigation used to suppress soilborne diseases may affect soil microbiota. Currently, little is known about the legacy effects of soil fumigation on soil microbial communities and their response to fumigation at the production scale. Here, 16S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer amplicon sequencing was used to characterize the bacterial and fungal communities in soils from intensively managed crop fields with and without previous exposure to metam sodium (MS) fumigation. The effect of fumigation history, soil series, and rotation crop diversity on microbial community variation was estimated and the response of the soil microbiome to MS application in an open microcosm system was documented.

Results

We found that previous MS fumigation reduced soil bacterial diversity but did not affect microbial richness and fungal diversity. Fumigation history, soil series, and rotation crop diversity were the main contributors to the variation in microbial β-diversity. Between fumigated and non-fumigated soils, predominant bacterial and fungal taxa were similar; however, their relative abundance varied with fumigation history. In particular, the abundance of Basidiomycete yeasts was decreased in fumigated soils. MS fumigation also altered soil bacterial and fungal co-occurrence network structure and associations. In microcosms, application of MS reduced soil microbial richness and bacterial diversity. Soil microbial β-diversity was also affected but microbial communities of the microcosm soils were always similar to that of the field soils used to establish the microcosms. MS application also induced changes in relative abundance of several predominant bacterial and fungal genera based on a soil’s previous fumigation exposure.

Conclusions

The legacy effects of MS fumigation are more pronounced on soil bacterial diversity, β-diversity and networks. Repeated fumigant applications shift soil microbial compositions and may contribute to differential MS sensitivity among soil microorganisms. Following MS application, microbial richness and bacterial diversity decreases, but microbial β-diversity was similar to that of the field soils used to establish the microcosms in the short-term (< 6 weeks). The responses of soil microbiome to MS fumigation are context dependent and rely on abiotic, biotic, and agricultural management practices.
Does early tethered cord release in occult spinal dysraphism improve urological outcomes? A systematic review
Authors: Elsabaa Ahmad , Mahmoud Mohamed Ashraf , Nosseir Mohamed , Mahmoud Mohamed Wael S. , Aziz Mohamed Mostafa
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Occult spinal dysraphism involves a wide range of congenital anomalies, e.g., lipoma, Lipomeningomyelocele, congenital dermal sinus, etc. Occult spinal dysraphism also may present with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations and radiological findings, i.e., it ranges from asymptomatic patients that are accidentally discovered to low lying conus with neurological, skeletal and urological manifestations. Even though neurosurgeons are well-aware of neurological presentations that indicate surgical intervention in children with occult spinal dysraphism, urological symptoms may present some controversy in management. This review aims to discuss urological outcomes of detethering as regarding time of intervention, improvement of the urological symptoms after detethering, and the role of urodynamics preoperatively and during follow-up.

Methodology

An online search of the literature was done including studies in English language from 1990 to January 2022. Included studies were analytical with well conducted descriptive nature of acceptable quality (at least level 3 evidence). Patient characteristics included both male and female children and adolescents, up to 19 years old who presented with clinical and/or radiological evidence of tethering of the spinal cord. Most studies that were included had availability of urodynamics. A total of 15 studies were included involving 633 patients. Meningomyelocele (MMC) and other spina bifida operta cases are excluded.

Results

Results of all studies were collected and mean age of studies was gathered and plotted on a chart in relation to urological outcome and urodynamic improvement. Most results favored early detethering; however, many factors were found to affect the inverse proportion curve of age with clinical improvement or urodynamics. For example, studies that included secondary tethered cord showed poorer results than results that included primary tethered cord only, preoperative severity of urological symptoms (more severe symptoms were associated with irreversible poor outcomes), and preoperative urodynamic parameters.

Conclusion

The management of tethered cord syndrome and occult spinal dysraphism remains controversial. There is lack of class 1 evidence regarding tethered cord release surgery in occult spinal dysraphism. Heterogenicity of pathology, symptomatology and radiology make the randomization of such sample size difficult. The outcomes of surgical detethering are therefore multifactorial. A large sample of prospective randomized controlled studies addressing each factor, e.g., age, severity of symptoms, preoperative urodynamic parameters, is recommended in order to evaluate the impact of each factor on outcome.
Validation of seven risk scores in an independent cohort: the challenge of predicting recurrence after atrial fibrillation ablation
Authors: Karlo Filipovic , Daniel Steven , Arian Sultan , van den Bruck Jan-Hendrik , Jonas Wörmann , Cornelia Scheurlen , Sebastian Dittrich , Jakob Lüker
Published: December 2022

Purpose

Several predictive scores for atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence after AF ablation have been developed. We compared the predictive value of seven previously described risk scores ((CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASC, HATCH, APPLE, CAAP-AF, BASE-AF2, MB-LATER) for prediction of AF recurrence risk at 12 months after AF ablation in our patient cohort. Further, we aimed to identify additional variables to predict recurrences after AF ablation.

Methods

We used data from our digital AF ablation registry to compare the previously published scores in an independent cohort (n = 883, 50.8% with paroxysmal AF). The scores were chosen based on earlier publications and availability of relevant data.

Results

The BASE-AF2 (AUC 0.630, p < 0.001), MB-LATER (AUC 0.612, p < 0.001), CAAP-AF (AUC 0.591, p < 0.001), APPLE (AUC 0.591, p < 0.001) and CHA2DS2-VASC (AUC 0.547, p = 0.018) scores had a statistically significant but modest predictive value for 12-month AF recurrence. None of the scores were significantly superior. Other analyzed scores had no predictive value. There was no difference in the predictive value for 12-month recurrence of AF between first procedure vs. redo procedure and RF ablation vs. cryoablation. Unlike other scores, MB-LATER showed better predictive value for paroxysmal vs. persistent AF (AUC 0.632 vs. 0.551, p = 0.038). In the multivariate logistic regression, only age (p = 0.006), number of prior electrical cardioversions (p < 0.001) and early AF recurrence (p < 0.001) were independent predictors of AF recurrence.

Conclusion

Despite numerous available scores, predicting recurrences after AF ablation remains challenging. New predictors are needed, potentially based on interventions, as well as novel genetic, functional and anatomic parameters.
Immobilization of Lactobacillus plantarum NCIMB 8826 ameliorates Citrobacter rodentium induced lesions and enhances the gut inflammatory response in C57BL/6 weanling mice
Authors: Kyereh Emmanuel , Coulon Diana , Langohr Ingeborg , Raggio Anne , Keenan Michael , Sathivel Subramaniam
Published: December 2022

Infectious diarrhea is a major cause of infant mortality in most developing countries. In this research, we evaluated the potential of immobilized Lactobacillus plantarum NCIMB 8826 on weanimix infant cereal and its effectiveness in reducing the severity of Citrobacter rodentium-induced diarrhea in weanling mice. Thirty-six C57BL/6 weanling mice were placed into four groups (n = 9 each; negative, positive, prevention and cure). Mice received either L. plantarum (109 CFU/g) immobilized on weanimix infant cereal 3 days before C. rodentium (109 CFU/ ml) infection (Prevention) or 3 days after C. rodentium infection (Cure). A positive control group was infected with C. rodentium only, while a negative control group received neither L. plantarum nor C. rodentium. Positive control mice showed colonic mucosal and submucosal inflammation, erosion, and mucosal epithelia hyperplasia with the C. rodentium infection. Mice in the prevention and cure groups had less severe histologic alterations in the colon. Some beneficial effect of L. plantarum was observed in cecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations, which stimulates water and electrolytes absorption to reduce diarrhea. Our findings demonstrated that L. plantarum NCIMB 8826 could be immobilized on weanimix infant cereal to help reduce diarrhea during weaning.

Graphical Abstract
Minimally invasive thyroid and parathyroid surgery: modifications for low-resource environments
Authors: Eltelety Ahmad M. , Terris David J.
Published: December 2022

Minimally invasive thyroidectomy (MIT) and parathyroidectomy (MIP) are gaining popularity in the current surgical practice. The need for specific equipment and technology is an obstacle in the low-resource environment. This article provides simple and practical guidance for surgeons practicing in low-resource environments to help them attain quality surgical practice, maintain patient safety, preserve available resources, and achieve the best outcomes.
Imaging of COVID-19-associated rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis: imaging analysis of 120 patients
Authors: Agrawal Alka , Dixit Yogita , Yonati Vivek , Nigam Prakhar , Kheti Pramita
Published: December 2022

Background

With the ongoing pandemic of COVID-19, there has been a rapid upsurge in cases of rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM). It is an opportunistic fungal infection associated with high morbidity and mortality. Rapid and appropriate application of clinical and radiological methods is crucial for early diagnosis, to limit the associated morbidity and improve post-treatment outcomes. In our study, we analyzed imaging features, common sites, and the extent of infection in patients suffering from ROCM.

Results

The majority of the patients were either diabetics or developed uncontrolled blood glucose levels during COVID-19 infection. 79.17% of patients had a history of treatment with steroid therapy. Headache and facial pain were the most common clinical features seen in 76.67% and 60% of patients, respectively. Maxillary and ethmoid sinuses were commonly involved. The most common extra-sinus site of involvement was periantral fat and orbit, seen in 91 (75.83%) and 84 (70%) patients, respectively. Bone erosion or marrow edema was seen in 72 (60%) patients. Intracranial extension in the form of meningitis, cavernous sinus thrombophlebitis/thrombosis, and brain abscess were seen in 20%, 10%, and 3.3% of patients, respectively. MRI-based staging showed that 24.7% of patients had stage I, 5.83% had stage II, 50% had stage III, and 20% had stage IV disease.

Conclusion

The spread of COVID-19-associated rhinomucormycosis to extra-sinus sites is common, which can be detected adequately on MRI. The radiological signs of invasion and devitalization of tissues are crucial for the early diagnosis of ROCM.
Monthly and seasonal prevalence of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the District Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Khan Muhammad Ashraf
Published: December 2022

Background

Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are the major airway diseases and are increasingly important causes of mortality, morbidity, and disability globally. This cross-sectional study was conducted to determine monthly and seasonal patterns of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the study area during 2020–2021. The data of the indoor patients for the study period were obtained from the official records maintained in the District Head Quarter teaching hospital Dera Ismail Khan.

Results

A total of 2179 cases of asthma were recorded including 1609 (73.8%) in 2020 and 570 (26.2%) in 2021, and 740 cases of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were also recorded in 2020. Overall asthma was highest in March with 1128 (51.8%) cases and was lowest in July with 29 (1.3%) cases. Seasonal prevalence/pattern show that asthma relatively more prevailed during winter and early spring (December through March). Out of a total of 740 cases of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the highest 405 (54.7%) cases were recorded in February and the lowest 0 in April. Seasonal distribution indicated that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was relatively higher in winter (January–February).

Conclusions

Seasonal variation and pattern in prevalence exist both in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as both indicated relatively higher prevalence in winter compared to summer and autumn.
STAGETOOL, a Novel Automated Approach for Mouse Testis Histological Analysis
Authors: Meikar Oliver , Majoral Daniel , Heikkinen Olli , Valkama Eero , Leskinen Sini , Rebane Ana , Ruusuvuori Pekka , Toppari Jorma , Mäkelä Juho-Antti , Kotaja Noora
Published: December 2022

Spermatogenesis is a complex differentiation process that takes place in the seminiferous tubules. A specific organization of spermatogenic cells within the seminiferous epithelium enables a synchronous progress of germ cells at certain steps of differentiation on the spermatogenic pathway. This can be observed in testis cross-sections where seminiferous tubules can be classified into distinct stages of constant cellular composition (12 stages in the mouse). For a detailed analysis of spermatogenesis, these stages have to be individually observed from testis cross-sections. However, the recognition of stages requires special training and expertise. Furthermore, the manual scoring is laborious considering the high number of tubule cross-sections that have to be analyzed. To facilitate the analysis of spermatogenesis, we have developed a convolutional deep neural network-based approach named “STAGETOOL.” STAGETOOL analyses histological images of 4′,6-diamidine-2′-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI)-stained mouse testis cross-sections at ×400 magnification, and very accurately classifies tubule cross-sections into 5 stage classes and cells into 9 categories. STAGETOOL classification accuracy for stage classes of seminiferous tubules of a whole-testis cross-section is 99.1%. For cellular level analysis the F1 score for 9 seminiferous epithelial cell types ranges from 0.80 to 0.98. Furthermore, we show that STAGETOOL can be applied for the analysis of knockout mouse models with spermatogenic defects, as well as for automated profiling of protein expression patterns. STAGETOOL is the first fluorescent labeling–based automated method for mouse testis histological analysis that enables both stage and cell-type recognition. While STAGETOOL qualitatively parallels an experienced human histologist, it outperforms humans time-wise, therefore representing a major advancement in male reproductive biology research.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Hereditary Central Diabetes Insipidus in a Swiss Family With a Mutation in the AVP Gene
Authors: Wyniger Lorena , Beuret Nicole , Rutishauser Jonas , Seelig Eleonora
Published: December 2022

Hereditary central diabetes insipidus (CDI) is a genetic disorder characterized by polydipsia and polyuria. Most known mutations are located in the arginine-vasopressin (AVP) gene. Here, we describe a Swiss family with an autosomal dominant mutation in the AVP gene region encoding for the carrier protein neurophysin II (P55R). In addition, we discuss the algorithm for diagnosing and treating patients with hereditary CDI based on this Swiss family.
Hypothyroidism After Use of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy in Patient With Graves' Disease: Cure?
Authors: Sharma Rajeev
Published: December 2022

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are frequently used as treatment for many malignancies. Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) due to use of ICIs are common. Thyroid involvement is the most common endocrine irAE. Here, we present an unusual case of Graves' disease potentially cured due to destructive thyroiditis caused by inflammation due to ICIs. Thyroid irAEs are more common with programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitor or programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors than cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors. Baseline and serial monitoring of thyroid function tests is recommended.
Modeling the effects of genetic- and diet-induced obesity on melanoma progression in zebrafish
Authors: Montal Emily , Lumaquin Dianne , Ma Yilun , Suresh Shruthy , White Richard M.
Published: December 2022

Obesity is a rising concern and associated with an increase in numerous cancers, often in a sex-specific manner. Preclinical models are needed to deconvolute the intersection between obesity, sex and melanoma. Here, we generated a zebrafish system that can be used as a platform for studying these factors. We studied how germline overexpression of Agrp along with a high-fat diet affects melanomas dependent on BRAFV600E and loss of p53. This revealed an increase in tumor incidence and area in male, but not female, obese fish, consistent with the clinical literature. We then determined whether this was further affected by additional somatic mutations in the clinically relevant genes rb1 or ptena/b. We found that the male obesogenic effect on melanoma was present with tumors generated with BRAF;p53;Rb1 but not BRAF;p53;Pten. These data indicate that both germline (Agrp) and somatic (BRAF, Rb1) mutations contribute to obesity-related effects in melanoma. Given the rapid genetic tools available in the zebrafish, this provides a high-throughput system to dissect the interactions of genetics, diet, sex and host factors in obesity-related cancers.
Does depression increase the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Chuanjiang , Jing Lan , Wang Juan
Published: December 2022

Objective: Data on the relationship between depression and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is scarce and conflicting. We, hereby, aimed to review evidence if prior depression increases the risk of GDM.

Methods: PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, and Google Scholar databases were searched from inception to 11th September 2021 for English language studies reporting the relationship between depression and subsequent risk of GDM.

Results: Ten studies were included. Meta-analysis of data from nine studies including 127,195 patients indicated that prior depression was associated with a significantly increased risk of GDM (OR: 1.29 95% CI: 1.10, 1.52). There was no change in the significance of the results on sensitivity analysis. On subgroup analysis based on study location, we noted that the association between depression and GDM was seen only in USA-based studies with the pooled analysis of non-USA studies indicating no such relationship. Similar conflicting results were noted on subgroup analysis based on diagnostic criteria for GDM and depression.

Conclusion: Our study indicates that prior depression can lead to a 29% increased risk of GDM in pregnant females. Current evidence is derived from a limited number of studies with significant heterogeneity in the timing and diagnostic criteria for depression.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.1.6845

How to cite this: Zhang C, Jing L, Wang J. Does depression increase the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(1):285-292. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.1.6845

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Botanische Untersuchung der Erdproben aus den mittelalterlichen Latrinengruben (13. Jh.) an der Augustinergasse 2 in Basel (1968)
Authors: Jacomet Stefanie
Published: December 2022

Zusammenfassend kann festgestellt werden, dass die Zusammensetzung der Proben und die Konsistenz der erhaltenen Reste mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit darauf hinweisen, dass wir es mit ehemaligen Fäkalien- bzw. Abfallgruben zu tun haben. Eine sichere Beurteilung ist allerdings schwierig, da unbekannt ist, wie gross der Anteil des ehemals vorhandenen unverkohlten organischen Materials ist, der sich seit den Ausgrabungen als Folge unsachgemässer (trockener) Lagerung zersetzt hat.
Benefits of nutritional yeast for children on vegan diet
Authors: Szydłowska Justyna , Gładysz Konrad , Żuchnik Olga , Król Olgierd , Kwiatkowski Piotr , Kuczyńska Beata , Czelej Magdalena , Kłos Aleksander , Gieroba Krzysztof , Szydłowski Marcin
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Nutritional yeast are a food product that can be fortified with valuable components. They are a product suitable for introducing into the diet of vegan children due to their friendly form, good taste and relatively low cost.

Aim of the study: Summarize current knowledge on the benefits of introducing nutritional yeast into children's diets as supplementation for deficiencies in a vegan diet. Demonstrate the positive impact of the product on the health of the body.

Methods and materials: : A review of the literature available in the PubMed database and Google Scholar, the following keywords were used: "nutritional yeast", "vegan diet in children", "nutritional yeast impact on health".

Results: Introducing nutritional yeast into the diet of a child restricting animal products has measurable benefits. It reduces the risk of deficiencies such as deficiency of vitamin B12, zinc, protein and the following disease symptoms.

Conclusion: The constantly growing number of infants and older children on vegan diets is a challenge for modern pediatrics, but also an opportunity to find new products that meet the high nutritional requirements of children during the developmental period. Nutritional yeast can be considered such a product thanks to their richness in nutrients that meat products contain but are not found in plant based foods. Nutritional yeast, however, cannot be a reason to completely abandon other sources of vitamin B12 supplementation.
Psychosocial determinants of a nurse's work
Authors: Tomaszewska Katarzyna , Kłos Alicja
Published: December 2022

Introduction There is a lot of work to the specificity of a nurse, into which one can write down unpredictable situations, health and life conditions of patients. Among the factors of psychosocial factors concerning relations between employees, the following threats are listed: stress, aggression, violence, mobbing, discrimination and occupational burnout.

Aim of the research: To assess the level of knowledge of the surveyed nurses about psychosocial factors that occur in their work.

Materials and methods The study included a group of 198 nurses and nurses employed in various hospital departments. They were conducted online in 2021. The method of the diagnostic survey was used for the research, based on the questionnaire technique with the use of the proprietary questionnaire.

Wyniki Do najczęstszych czynników, na które narażeni są respondenci podczas pełnienia dyżuru, należą stres psychiczny, ryzyko ukłucia ostrymi narzędziami, mikroorganizmy oraz wysiłek fizyczny. Według ankietowanych czynnikami wpływającymi na obciążenie pracą były m.in. Zła atmosfera pracy, brak odporności na stres, brak umiejętności pracy w zespole, problemy z układem kostno-stawowym oraz zbyt niskie wynagrodzenie.

Wnioski Pielęgniarki były w dużej mierze narażone na stres psychiczny, który niekorzystnie wpływał na ich pracę, w tym odpowiedzialność za zdrowie i życie innych ludzi, duży wysiłek umysłowy i pomaganie innym ludziom. Większość badanych pielęgniarek odczuwała satysfakcję ze swojej pracy, jednak znaczny odsetek badanych dostrzegał objawy chronicznego stresu i zmęczenia.
Aetiology, diagnosis and management of halitosis – a narrative review
Authors: Grudziąż-Sękowska Justyna , Iwanicka-Grzegorek Ewa
Published: December 2022

Objectives

The present study aimed to present an overview of the aetiology of oral malodour and the diagnostic and treatment procedures.

Design

A comprehensive review of scientific literature (up to December 2021) was conducted using Medline and PubMed databases and Google Scholar, including checking reference lists of journal articles by hand-searching. Results are presented descriptively for halitosis's aetiology, diagnosis and clinical management.

Results

The origin of the foul odour problem is mainly due to intra-oral causes, while only a proportion of cases result from additional systemic problems. In some cases, the problem can be caused by co-existing oral and extraoral problems. Evidence suggests that the leading cause of intra-oral halitosis is the anaerobic microorganisms present in the tongue plaque. Less commonly, the foul odour is due to poor oral hygiene and periodontitis.

Conclusion

The origin of the foul odour problem is mainly due to intra-oral causes, while only a proportion of cases result from additional systemic problems. Dentists need to analyse and treat the oral problems that may be responsible for the patient's malodour, as well as inform the patient about the causes of the foul odour and oral hygiene procedures (flossing, tongue cleaning, selection and use of appropriate mouthwash and toothpaste). If the problem persists, they should know whom to refer the patient to for further diagnosis. It is reasonable to organise consultations on halitosis in a multidisciplinary setting - periodontists, otolaryngologists (ENT specialists), internal medicine specialists, gastroenterologists, psychiatrists, psychologists and others.
O CONFINAMENTO COMO TÓPOS DO GÓTICO FEMININO
Authors: Dos Santos Ana Paula Araujo
Published: December 2022

Neste ensaio, pretendo me focar no tópos do confinamento feminino, seguindo estudos como os de Sandra M. Gilbert e Susan Gubar (1979) e Laurence Talairach-Vielmas (2016), que demonstraram como a imagem da mulher louca presa no sótão (“the madwoman in the attic”) foi explorada por Ann Radcliffe, Charlotte e Emily Brontë, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, e outras escritoras góticas. Minha intenção é analisar como esse tema, tão recorrente no Gótico feminino em língua inglesa, foi explorado na obra de escritoras brasileiras, mais especificamente no romance As parceiras (1986), de Lya Luft. Ao comparar as duas tradições literárias, acredito ser possível demonstrar a potência aterrorizante do confinamento e a sua importância para uma compreensão mais profunda da literatura feminina.
ENTRE RUÍNAS, AMUJERADOS e CICATRIZES, (DES)ENTERRANDO PRETÉRITOS EM CONTRABANDO DE SOMBRAS
Authors: Markendorf Marcio , Ferreira Rodrigues Jardim Nadege
Published: December 2022

Este artigo propõe elaborar uma leitura de uma obra gótica ibero-americana, o romance Contrabando de sombras (2002), assinada pelo escritor cubano Antonio José Ponte, com vista a explorar três elementos típicos do gótico – o passado fantasmagórico, a personagem monstruosa e o locus horribilis – sob uma chave de leitura de gênero. No contexto de uma Cuba sob o governo ditador de Fidel Castro, os corpos homossexuais foram considerados monstruosos pela política instituída, o que favorece a imbricação ficcional do passado e da topografia do horror gótico como símbolos da opressão homofóbica.
NA PALMA DA MÃO DE LÚCIFER: O GÓTICO EM ANJO: A FACE DO MAL, DE NELSON MAGRINI
Authors: Rossi Cido
Published: December 2022

RESUMO: O presente artigo tem por objetivo demonstrar a presença do Gótico em Anjo: a face do mal (2004), romance do escritor brasileiro Nelson Magrini, por meio de uma análise mais abrangente das três frentes narrativas que compõem a obra e de uma análise mais detida de três de seus protagonistas, quais sejam as personagens Lúcifer e Lucas e a criatura denominada anjo no título e ao longo do enredo da obra. Para tanto, se tomará a ideia derridiana de iteração, o jogo de repetições e interações que gera e subverte sentidos, entre as Artes das Trevas — os operadores discursivos do Gótico na ficção e literatura —, a ideia e as características formal-conteudísticas do Novo Horror brasileiro segundo Matangrano e Tavares (2018), e o modus operandi de construção literária-ficcional desenvolvido por Magrini em seu fazer artístico.Palavras-chave: Anjo: a face do mal; Nelson Magrini; Gótico; Gótico brasileiro; Novo Horror brasileiro; iteração. ABSTRACT: This article aims to demonstrate the presence of the Gothic in the novel Anjo: a face do mal (Angel: the Face of Evil, 2004), written by the Brazilian writer Nelson Magrini, through a broader analysis of the three narrative cores that compose the work, and a closer, or more specific, analysis of three of its protagonists, namely Lúcifer, Lucas, and the creature called “anjo” (“angel”) in the title and along the plot of the novel. To achieve this purpose, it will be used the Derridean idea of iteration, the game of repetitions and interactions that generates and subverts meaning, among the Arts of Darkness — the discursive operators of the Gothic in fiction and literature —, the idea and the form-and-content characteristics of the Brazilian New Horror according Matangrano and Tavares’s (2018) theory, and the modus operandi of literary and fictional construction developed by Magrini in his artistic making.Keywords: Anjo: a face do mal; Angel: the Face of Evil; Nelson Magrini; Gothic; Brazilian Gothic; Brazilian New Horror; iteration.
A ECONOMIA VERBAL E A ABERTURA ÀS MAIS DIVERSAS LEITURAS: REVELANDO ASPECTOS GÓTICOS NA OBRA DE JAMIL SNEGE
Authors: De Carvalho Leonardo Freitas , Da Silva Matheus Petris
Published: December 2022

O presente artigo tem como objetivo abrir algumas discussões relacionadas à literatura de Jamil Snege, autor brasileiro ainda pouco debatido no meio acadêmico, um objetivo que se torna ainda maior quando pensamos em interpretar o seu conto “O Homem Atrás da Porta” (1972), tão aberto a diferentes leituras, à luz da ficção gótica, ou melhor, à luz dos mais diversos elementos canônicos ligados à parafernália dramática gótica. Para traçarmos a nossa análise, nos apoiamos em uma série de teóricos e de estudiosos que analisam de perto a literatura de medo e também a literatura gótica, como Howard Phillips Lovecraft e Júlio França, além de termos nos apoiado em escritores considerados referências quando se trata do subgênero em questão, a exemplo de Horace Walpole e de Edgar Allan Poe, tudo isso com o objetivo de compreendermos com um grau de maior profundidade as configurações da escola gótica e explorá-las no interior da narrativa de Snege proposta por nós.
BLOCKCHAIN E BITCOIN: ALTERNATIVAS TECNOLÓGICAS PARA O CONTROLE PÚBLICO DAS FINANÇAS
Authors: Pires Hindenburgo
Published: December 2022

O crescimento da demanda por moedas virtuais e a expansão do uso da tecnologia blockchain demonstraram que as empresas de tecnologias (Fintechs) se estabeleceram de forma irreversível no mundo das finanças e tornou evidente, também, no final desta década, que a oferta de moedas virtuais passou a ser um importante componente político e inovador repleto de contradições, alternativas e possibilidades da geografia das finanças no ciberespaço. Este trabalho tem três objetivos: em primeiro lugar, analisar possibilidades econômicas da tecnologia blockchain, para estabelecimento de alternativas não-capitalistas de compartilhamento de dados, produção de moedas virtuais e formação de projetos em tecnologias virtuais nos vários setores do sistema econômico. Em segundo lugar, avaliar os impasses e impactos econômicos e ambientais produzidos pelo uso intensivo de tecnologias de contabilidade compartilhada e de blockchain. Em terceiro lugar, analisar como a ausência de instrumentos de regulamentação abre brechas para que grandes corporações tecnológicas e estados nacionais criem regras autoritárias e prejudiciais ao desenvolvimento de alternativas póscapitalistas de controle público das finanças.
AVALIAÇÃO FUNCIONAL DE FRAGMENTOS FLORESTAIS INSERIDOS EM MATRIZES DISTINTAS NA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO BONFIM, PETRÓPOLIS – RJ
Authors: Pessoa Fernando Amaro , Cesário Fernando Vieira , Balieiro Fabiano De Carvalho
Published: December 2022

A estruturação da paisagem ocasionada pela atividade humana pode resultar em diferentes padrões de funcionamento de ecossistemas florestais. Com isso, o presente trabalho possui como objetivo identificar e testar a possibilidade de utilização de indicadores ecológicos para controle ambiental, a partir da caracterização do processo de produção e decomposição da matéria orgânica em fragmentos florestais inseridos em matrizes distintas na bacia hidrográfica do Bonfim, município de Petrópolis – RJ. Foram realizadas comparações inter e intra-fragmentos a fim de verificar a existência de variações resultantes das diferentes matrizes em que estão inseridos, e se configura ou não efeito de borda. Dessa forma, pôde ser evidenciada a relação existente entre a serapilheira, a cobertura vegetal e as propriedades físicas e químicas do solo. Os dados obtidos confirmaram as hipóteses que nortearam a pesquisa, pois de fato as formas de húmus, representadas pela dinâmica do material orgânico de superfície e do topo do solo – na perspectiva da ciclagem de nutrientes – são sensíveis às matrizes e à situação da parcela no fragmento (borda e interior), permitindo reconhecer níveis de antropização distintos e que guardam, assim, padrões em tais níveis.
TRAJETÓRIA TEÓRICO-METODOLÓGICA DA GEOGRAFIA CULTURAL
Authors: Vieira Felipe Da Silva , Alves Flamarion Dutra
Published: December 2022

Os estudos culturais surgem na geografia do mundo ocidental em um contexto de sistematização e estruturação desta ciência enquanto disciplina acadêmica. De acordo com os antigos e novos paradigmas criados, o caminho da geografia cultural passa por diversas transformações no decorrer de sua história. A partir de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, o presente trabalho pretende esclarecer este caminho, desde sua fundação até o início do século XXI, evidenciando seus principais autores, características e transformações. Primeiramente, realizou-se um levantamento de estudos que mostram o surgimento de trabalhos sobre cultura dentro da ciência geográfica e de como estes se mantiveram a partir do século XIX e início do século XX. Em um segundo momento, teve-se como proposta a análise das reformulações referentes à geografia cultural que aconteceram a partir das décadas de 1960 e 1970. Por fim, buscou-se dar luz ao surgimento e contextualização da geografia cultural dentro da geografia brasileira. Através dessas análises percebe-se um amplo campo de estudo, que pode ser utilizado por geógrafos do Brasil, de modo a construir novas visões e evidenciar as diferentes particularidades existentes no espaço. Além disso, entende-se que as pesquisas referentes à história do pensamento geográfico se fazem necessárias para se pensar uma geografia que entenda suas próprias origens.
REFUGIADOS CONGOLESES NO RIO DE JANEIRO: Entre os Desafios do Refúgio e a Resistência
Authors: Sant' Ana Fabiana Lemos , Menezes Maria Lucia Pires
Published: December 2022

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo compreender formas de resistência de refugiados congoleses na cidade do Rio de Janeiro por meio de duas principais formas: pelo mercado de trabalho, que tem sido um dos grandes desafios enfrentados pelo grupo e; pela organização em comunidade em que se articulam, tornando-a a principal fonte de apoio e integração entre eles e à sociedade brasileira. Para isso, utilizaram-se relatos de congoleses em entrevistas não-estruturadas para conhecer tanto as necessidades, bem como as estratégias utilizadas pelo grupo para vencer barreiras cotidianas.
A VULNERABILIDADE AMBIENTAL DA BACIA DO RIO PIRACICABA/MG: uma abordagem geográfica multicriterial
Authors: Ferreira Cruz Ewerton , Antônio Maciel Moreira Alecir
Published: December 2022

A bacia do Rio Piracicaba, localizada na região central-leste de Minas Gerais possui um dos maiores remanescentes do bioma Mata Atlântica, e por esse motivo são necessários estudos balizadores para a adoção de políticas de conservação mais específicas para essa região. Ainda deve-se ressaltar que a pressão antrópica na região é significativa pois ali se encontram atividades industriais de grande importância para a economia mineira. Grandes jazidas de minério de ferro se encontram na bacia do Rio Piracicaba fazendo com que indústrias do ramo minerário sejam ali instaladas intensificando o processo de ocupação da região. Com o intuito de auxiliar na mitigação dos impactos ambientais sofridos na região, o objetivo geral deste estudo foi identificar áreas de vulnerabilidade ambiental à perda de solos da bacia do Rio Piracicaba. Para atingir o objetivo da pesquisa foi necessário fazer a integração de variáveis do meio físico que influenciam diretamente na perda de solos, sendo elas: clima, geologia, solos, geomorfologia e uso e ocupação. Para a integração dessas variáveis utilizou-se o modelo da vulnerabilidade ambiental das unidades territoriais básicas proposto por Crepani et al. (2001). A partir dos resultados obtidos no modelo pôde-se perceber que a região meridional da bacia do Rio Piracicaba, onde estão localizadas as bordas do Quadrilátero Ferrífero, encontram-se as áreas com maior vulnerabilidade à perda de solos. Percebeu-se também que as áreas mais estáveis estão localizadas na região noroeste da bacia.
Avaliação qualitativa e quantitativa de locais de interesse geoturístico no litoral de João Pessoa, Paraíba
Authors: Pereira Luciano Schaefer
Published: December 2022

A avalição qualitativa de locais de interesse geoturístico é o passo inicial para a inserção da atividade geoturística em uma determinada área. Em seguida, com a avaliação quantitativa, avalia-se as características do sítio, a partir da adoção de valores específicos com parâmetros, que são pontuados mediante uma série de critérios, com ou sem ponderação, e seu potencial de uso, neste caso para o geoturismo, com a elaboração de uma fórmula empírica que calcula uma nota final para os locais avaliados. Neste trabalho, avaliou-se quantitativamente nove locais de interesse geoturístico no litoral de João Pessoa, Paraíba, com o intuito de inseri-los em roteiros geoturísticos costeiros. São quatro relevantes elementos da geodiversidade (Arenitos Ferruginosos do Jacarapé, Paleodunas do Altiplano, Falésia Urbana Inativa, Foz Primitiva do Rio Jaguaribe e Balanço Sedimentar de Tambaú) e quatro elementos geopatrimoniais (Barra de Gramame, Falésia de Cabo Branco, Terraços Marinhos Holocênicos e Picãozinho). Esta avaliação quantitativa tomou como referência a proposta de Pereira et al (2019), através da determinação do potencial geoturístico, que se baseou em dois indicadores ponderados, dos quais foram calculados seus índices de valor: Potencial de Uso Turístico, com dez variáveis, com pesos diferenciados; Valor Adicional, com seis variáveis, também com pesos diferenciados. Os três maiores potenciais geoturísticos estão associados ao Geopatrimônio da área e apenas a Falésia Inativa Urbana teve Potencial Geoturístico abaixo de 3,0, ressaltando o potencial da área para a atividade geoturística.
UMA INTRODUÇÃO À SINONÍMIA LATINA POR MEIO DA OBRA DISCIPLINA CLERICALIS
Authors: Florêncio Francisco De Assis
Published: December 2022

O estudo da sinonímia vem desde a Grécia Clássica.  O primeiro estudioso a se debruçar sobre essa matéria foi o sofista Pródico de Ceos, no século V. Embora não se tenha conhecimento de sua obra, Platão o cita como alguém interessado em levar as pessoas a entenderem que as palavras parecidas são, na verdade, apenas parecidas e não iguais e que o uso distinto delas pode acarretar distintas consequências, principalmente nos debates públicos (Zapico, 2016, p. 74). O sucessor de Platão na Academia, Eupeusipo, foi quem reformulou a noção de sinonímia a partir das características das expressões ou das frases, e não das coisas. Entre os romanos, a sinonímia passa a ser usada na retórica, como instrumento de persuasão, e na estilística, como recurso para a atividade jurídica (Idem, ibidem). O presente artigo pretende fazer uma análise semântica, com ênfase na sinonímia, de alguns termos e construções presentes na obra Disciplina Clericalis, de Pedro Afonso. Dentre os textos medievais, este é considerado o mais antigo e é composto de uma coleção de pequenas histórias oriundas e traduzidas do árabe para o latim, como o próprio autor declara no prefácio da obra. A nossa análise se baseará em dois excertos retirados da obra supracitada. Eles foram escolhidos por serem bastante semelhantes em razão de o autor ter recorrido à sinonímia para escrevê-los.
KANOVA E O SEGREDO DA CAVEIRA, DO ESCRITOR MOÇAMBICANO PEDRO PEREIRA LOPES: DA TRADIÇÃO ORAL À RECRIAÇÃO LITERÁRIA
Authors: Silva Avani Souza
Published: December 2022

“O rapaz e a caveira” é um conto africano que traz a lição da necessidade de ser prudente e figura em diversas antologias de contos populares e fábulas africanas em recolhas de diversos países do continente.  As memórias da infância e o conhecimento da fábula municiaram o  escritor moçambicano Pedro Pereira Lopes a reescrevê-la em forma de conto literário, intitulado Kanova e o segredo da caveira (2017). Analisaremos a obra, enfatizando o espaço, o enredo e sua estrutura narrativa, servindo-nos também dos estudos de Vladimir Propp (1984) acerca das funções das personagens nas narrativas maravilhosas.  Baseamos  nossas análises nas concepções de Walter Ong (1988) acerca do conto popular, e também nos apoiamos em David Roas (2014) e  de Tzvetan Todorov (1975).
HERÓI E ANTI-HERÓI: FIGURAÇÕES DE PERSONAGENS INFANTIS NA FICÇÃO DE ÁFRICA DE LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA
Authors: Da Cunha Maria Zilda
Published: December 2022

Em consonância com reflexões recentes sobre a produção literária dos Países Africanos de Língua Oficial Portuguesa, o artigo, pela via dos Estudos Comparados, propõe-se a examinar: por um lado a figuração do herói, cuja viagem deriva de narrativas míticas, e, na esteira de Victor Brombert (2002), a figuração do anti-herói cuja jornada é baseada na própria condição humana, causando desconforto e reflexões densas. Com essa proposta, nossa discussão será pautada pelas obras: Kiriku e a feiticeira e o conto: “As Mãos dos pretos”.  Ambas as narrativas protagonizadas por crianças.
ŞİKÂRİ DESTANINDA ANLATIM KALIPLARI VE ARKAİK SÖZCÜK “BUDUN”
Authors: KOBOTARIAN AZEROĞLU Nabi
Published: December 2022

Arkaik sözcükler günümüzde kullanımdan düşen sözcükler olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Arkaik sözcüklerin kullanımı Türkçenin diğer lehçelerinde bulunmasının yanı sıra bazen köy ağızlarında ve âşık anlatılarında rastlayabiliriz. Arkaik unsurlar dilde ve bazı uygulamalarda bulunan eski inanç sisteminin kalıntılarıdır.

Somut olmayan kültürel mirasın önemli kolunu oluşturan âşık sanatını incelediğimizde arkaik ifade ve unsurları bulmamız mümkündür. Sözlü kültür milletlerin toplumsal gen kodlarını barındırdığı için bu konuda önemli bir kaynaktır.

Günümüzde sözlü geleneğin zayıflamasına şâhit olsak da eski zamanlarda gezgin âşıklar önemli kültürel işlevler yürütmüşlerdir. Destan söyleyen âşık, sözlü geleneğin tüm ögelerini özünde taşıyıp yaşatmıştır. Atasözleri, deyimler, alkış ve kargışları kullanan âşık, ifadesini bu ögelerle zenginleştirip güçlendirmişti.

Azerbaycan ve İran sahasında âşıkların anlattıkları destanlarda birçok arkaik sözcük ve arkaik ifadeye rastlamaktayız. Eski Türkçede kullanılan “budun” sözcüğünü günümüz âşık anlatılarında kalıp şeklinde kullanımını görmekteyiz. Bu sözcüğün yalnız “Ölürem ay budun” ifade kalıbında kullanıldığını ve başka şekilde işlev yürütmediğini Azerbaycan sahasından derlenen destan kayıtlarında bulmaktayız. Diğer sahalarda bu ifade kalıbının yerine “ölürem ay elim”, “ölürem ay eller” kalıbıyla karşılaşmaktayız. Bunun yanı sıra âşıkların kullandığı “başına dolanayım”, “gadanı alayım” arkaik ifadelerde de eski inanç sisteminin izlerini bulmaktayız. Bu ifadeler daha çok Tebriz-Karadağ âşıkları anlatılarında bulunduğu dikkat çekicidir.

Bu çalışmada İran sahasından derlenen âşık destanlarında atasözleri, deyimler, alkış ve kargışlardan örnekler verdikten sonra arkaik sözcük “budun” ve diğer arkaik ifadeler üzerinde duracağız