bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing Jump Performance: Intra- and Interday Reliability and Minimum Difference of Countermovement Jump and Drop Jump Outcomes, Kinetics, Kinematics, and Jump Strategy
Authors: González-García Jaime , Conejero Manuel , Gutiérrez-Hellín Jorge
Published: March 2024

Understanding the reliability of jump testing is essential to determine the neuromuscular progress of athletes and make informed decisions. This study aimed to assess the reliability of several countermovement jump (CMJ) and drop jump (DJ) test metrics in female volleyball players. Sixteen (n = 16) semi-professional female volleyball players participated in this test-retest study. Intrasession and intersession reliability of CMJ and DJ metrics were evaluated using a randomized cross-over design. A dual force platform was used to collect CMJ and DJ data, and several dependent variables were calculated using forward dynamics. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), coefficients of variation (CV), and minimum difference (MD) were calculated to assess intra- and interday reliability. During the same testing, the third attempt consistently yielded the highest values for both tests in jump height but presented excellent reliability (CMJ: ICC [95%CI] = 0.97 [0.93–0.99]; CV [95%CI] = 4.1% [1.2–7.0]; MD95 = 3.5 cm; MD90 = 2.9 cm; DJ: ICC [95%CI] = 0.91 [0.77–0.97]; CV [95%CI] = 6.7% [1.9–11.5]; MD95 = 6.0 cm; MD90 = 5.0 cm). CMJ height exhibited excellent reliability between sessions (ICC [95%CI] = 0.93 [0.81–0.97]; CV [95%CI] = 3.8% [1.1–6.4]; MD95 = 3.5 cm; MD90 = 3.0 cm), whereas DJ height demonstrated slightly lower but still acceptable intersession reliability (ICC [95%CI] = 0.81 [0.55–0.93]; CV [95%CI] = 6.1% [1.7–10.4]; MD95 = 5.2 cm; MD90 = 4.4 cm). Intersession reliability for CMJ kinetics and kinematics was excellent for 13 of the 24 metrics assessed. For DJ, only concentric (ICC [95%CI] = 0.91 [0.76–0.97]; CV [95%CI] = 3.0% [0.9–5.2]; MD95 = 15 Ns; MD90 = 12.6 Ns) and eccentric impulses (ICC [95%CI] = 0.99 [0.96–0.99]; CV [95%CI] = 1.7% [0.5–2.9]; MD95 = 9.2 Ns; MD90 = 7.7 Ns) demonstrated excellent intersession reliability. Most CMJ variables showed excellent reliability within sessions, while DJ had lower reliability in most metrics. These findings provide valuable information to physical trainers to select the metrics to assess athletes’ performance as well as to identify a minimum cut-off value that serves as a reference for each of the metrics reported in both tests.
Data Hiding and Authentication Scheme for Medical Images Using Double POB
Authors: Ren Fang , Shi Xuan , Tang Enya , Zeng Mengmeng
Published: March 2024

To protect the security of medical images and to improve the embedding ability of data in encrypted medical images, this paper proposes a permutation ordered binary (POB) number system-based hiding and authentication scheme for medical images, which includes three parts: image preprocessing, double hiding, and information extraction and lossless recovery. In the image preprocessing and double hiding phase, firstly, the region of significance (ROS) of the original medical image is segmented into a region of interest (ROI) and a region of non-interest (RONI). Then, the bit plane of the ROI and RONI are separated and cross-reorganization to obtain two new Share images. After the two new Share images are compressed, the images are encrypted to generate two encrypted shares. Finally, the embedding of secret data and attaching of authentication bits in each of these two encrypted shares was performed using the POB algorithm. In the information extraction and lossless recovery phase, the POBN algorithm is first used to extract the authentication bits to realize image tamper detection; then, the embedded secret message is extracted, and the original medical image is recovered. The method proposed in this research performs better in data embedding and lossless recovery, as demonstrated by experiments.
The Effects of Augmented Reality Companion on User Engagement in Energy Management Mobile App
Authors: Kim Joo Chan , Saguna Saguna , Åhlund Christer
Published: March 2024

As the impact of global warming on climate change becomes noticeable, the importance of energy efficiency for reducing greenhouse gas emissions grows immense. To this end, a platform, solution, and mobile apps are developed as part of the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program to support energy optimization in residences. However, to ensure long-term energy optimization, it is crucial to keep users engaged with the apps. Since augmented reality (AR) and a virtual animal companion positively influenced user engagement, we designed an AR companion that represented the user’s residence states; thereby making the user aware of indoor information. We conducted user evaluations to determine the effect of the AR companion on user engagement and perceived usability in the context of energy management. We identified that the user interface (UI) with AR (ARUI) barely affected user engagement and perceived usability compared to the traditional UI without AR (TUI); however, we found that the ARUI positively affected one of the user engagement aspects. Our results show AR companion integration’s potential benefits and effects on energy management mobile apps. Furthermore, our findings provide insights into UI design elements for developers considering multiple interaction modalities with AR.
Compliance Assessment of the Spatial Averaging Method for Magnetic Field Leakage from a Wireless Power Transfer System in Electric Vehicles
Authors: Okada Masanori , Miwa Keishi , Kodera Sachiko , Hirata Akimasa
Published: March 2024

Wireless power transfer (WPT) via magnetic resonance offers efficient electrical power transfer, making it an increasingly attractive option for charging electric vehicles (EVs) without conventional plugs. However, EV charging requires a transfer power in order of kW or higher, resulting in a higher-leaked magnetic field than conventional wireless systems. The leaked magnetic field is nonuniform, and the assessment in terms of the limit prescribed in the guideline is highly conservative because it assumes that a person standing in free space is exposed to a uniform field. In such cases, an assessment should be performed using the limits of the internal electric field, as it is more relevant to the adverse health effects, whereas its evaluation is time-consuming. To mitigate this over-conservativeness, international product standards introduce a spatial averaging method for nonuniform exposure assessment. In this study, we investigate assessment methods, especially for measurement points of nonuniform magnetic field strength leaked from the WPT system. Various spatial averaging methods are correlated with the internal electric field derived from electromagnetic field analysis using an anatomically based human body model. Our computational results confirm a good correlation between the spatially averaged magnetic and internal electric fields. Additionally, these methods provide an appropriate compliance assessment with the exposure guidelines. This study advances our understanding of the suitability of spatial averaging methods for nonuniform exposure and contributes to the smooth assessment in WPT systems.
Evaluation of a Smart Audio System Based on the ViP Principle and the Analytic Hierarchy Process Human–Computer Interaction Design
Authors: Huang Jinsong , Li Wenyu , Sadad Tariq
Published: March 2024

The current limitations of user–product interaction with smart speakers have spurred the proposal of a model to circumvent these challenges. We used the ViP design principle to redefine the user’s approach to interacting with the product. Throughout the deconstruction and design stages, we explored the structure and function of the conventional product across three layers: the product layer, interaction layer, and context layer using three models. We used the hierarchical analysis method to effectively quantify the design factors affecting user experience and identify the key design factors. This approach enabled us to contextualize the smart audio system, explore the interaction dynamics between the product and the user, and provide valuable insights on designing new products. A questionnaire method was used to survey 67 users, and a reliability test was conducted to ensure the validity of the questionnaire v (Cronbach’s coefficient α = 0.868). A pairwise comparison of factors was conducted on a 1–9 scale, with weights determined through the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The combination of the ViP design principle and hierarchical analysis presents a novel and objective paradigm to guide designers to customize product characteristics (design attributes) to enhance user human–computer interaction experience. We validated the feasibility of the innovative design approach using the smart speaker model, offering insights for research on designing similar products.
Assessing the Influence of Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution on Water Quality in Central Kentucky’s Headwater Streams
Authors: Jones Jarod , Gyawali Buddhi R. , Acharya Shikha , Cristan Richard , Gebremedhin Maheteme
Published: March 2024

This study addresses the pressing issue of nonpoint source water pollution in Kentucky, particularly associated with large-scale agriculture. Centered on the outer bluegrass region of Central Kentucky, the research examines the water quality of headwater streams during the agricultural season. The approach involves geospatial land cover classification using aerial imagery. Water quality data were collected during the agricultural growing season from May to October 2018. Land cover classification utilized ERDAS Imagine 2016 and ESRI ArcGIS 10.6 GIS software, while conventional water quality parameters were measured with a YSI ProDSS® multiparameter water probe and a Marsh-McBirney Flo-Mate 2000 flow meter. Statistical analyses show significant differences in stream water chemistry, suggesting the impact of agricultural nonpoint source pollution. Forested streams exhibited more varied conditions, indicating a potentially better environment. As agricultural land percentage increased, water chemistry variation suggested a measurable threshold for changes. Significant differences in water quality between agricultural and forested streams highlight the potential benefits of expanding riparian zones beyond regulations. Enlarging these zones is proposed as a strategy to mitigate nonpoint source pollution in Kentucky’s waterways.
Field and Numerical Investigation of Taihu Resort Cut Slope Failure in Suzhou, China
Authors: Raouf Arif , Feng Tugen , Zhang Kunyong , Su Zhengkai
Published: March 2024

This study aims to determine the cause of a landslide located at Taihu Resort in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China. Field monitoring has been conducted, including two-dimensional finite element method (FEM) numerical analyses to examine slope stability under different working conditions. The monitoring data indicated that the slope deformation was triggered in two phases: at a certain period when the slope was cut and moderate rainfall occurred in November; and afterward, when a continuous heavy rainfall intensity hit during the monsoon rainfall, which accelerated sliding of the slope. Numerical simulations show that stress and maximum displacement distributions formed and redistributed during the excavation process, where the shear strain occurred mainly in the front layer of soil. Additionally, the factor of safety of the slope decreases gradually with the increase in the excavation rate. During 15 days of continuous rainfall infiltration, the slope under heavy rainfall indicates a minimum factor of safety (FoS). Specifically, the slope excavation followed by heavy rainfall intensities contributed significantly to the landslide.
Breaking the Mold: Towards Rapid and Cost-Effective Microbial Contamination Detection in Paints and Cosmetics Using ATP-Bioluminescence
Authors: Mutschlechner Mira , Chisté Daniela , Schöbel Harald
Published: March 2024

Traditional culture-based methods, though a “gold standard” for bacterial detection in various industrial sectors, do often not fulfill today’s high requirements regarding rapidity, on-site applicability, and cost-efficiency both during operation and evaluation. Here, the feasibility of using an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-based assay for determining microbial contaminations in paints and cosmetics was investigated and compared with standard plate count techniques and dipslides. Therefore, we initially determined the level of sensitivity and assessed the accuracy and concordance among the different methods via spiking tests using a mix of frequently abundant bacterial species to simulate microbial contamination. Bioluminescence intensity was linearly proportional to log colony counts over five orders of magnitude (R2 = 0.99), indicating a high level of sensitivity. Overall, the accuracy varied depending on the test specimen, most probably due to matrix-related quenching effects. Although the degree of conformity was consistently higher at target concentrations ≥ 105 CFU·mL−1, microbial contaminations were detectable down to 103 CFU·mL−1, thus meeting the high requirements of various industries. ATP-based results tended to be within an order of magnitude lower than the reference. However, bearing that in mind, the developed assay serves as a rapid, real-time alternative for routine quality control and hygiene monitoring.
Quantifying High-Temperature and Drought Stress Effects on Soybean Growth and Yield in the Western Guanzhong Plain
Authors: Li Meirong , Liu Yuefeng , Pan Yuying , Zhang Xuting , Xu Kemeng , Qu Yang , Li Hongmei
Published: March 2024

High-temperature and drought events significantly impact crop growth and development. In the soybean-producing region of the Guanzhong Plain in China, understanding the dynamics of these climatic phenomena is vital for soybean yield preservation. Through a fixed-position observation experiment that analyzed four growth stages, nine agronomic traits, and soybean yield per unit area from 1998 to 2023, this research evaluated the characteristics of high-temperature and drought processes in various growth stages. It also examined the influence of high-temperature processes, drought processes, and their combined effects on agronomic traits and yield. The results indicate the following: (1) High temperature was a constant factor during the soybean growth period, with temperature-related indices markedly surpassing those related to drought. Notably, the occurrence of high-temperature and drought events was more prevalent during the flowering–podding stage than at the podding or grain-filling stages. (2) High temperature profoundly affected soybean yield components, primarily through a decrease in the number of grains per plant during the flowering–podding stage, subsequently impacting the grain weight per plant and yield. In years with extremely high temperatures, the soybean plant height was reduced by 6.1 to 15 cm, the main stem node number decreased by 0.1 to 2.9, the branch number decreased by 0.2 to 0.6, the number of pods per plant decreased by 4.8 to 13.7, the number of grains per pod decreased by 0.1 to 0.3, the number of grains per plant decreased by 13.5 to 32.6, the grain weight per plant decreased by 3.8 to 6.9 g, and the 100-grain weight decreased by 0.1 to 4.5 g. The common impact of high temperature combined with drought processes in different growth stages was reflected in the reduction in the number of branches by 0.1 to 1.4 and the reduction in the number of grains per pod by 0.02 to 13.7. This study underscores the importance of addressing the quantitative effects of climate change and extreme weather on soybean yield, which could help to develop effective adaptation and mitigation strategies.
Influence of Skin Marker Positioning and Their Combinations on Hip Joint Center Estimation Using the Functional Method
Authors: Martinez Lucas , Lalevée Matthieu , Poirier Thomas , Brunel Helena , Matsoukis Jean , Van Driessche Stéphane , Billuart Fabien
Published: March 2024

Accurate estimation of hip joint center (HJC) position is crucial during gait analysis. HJC is obtained with predictive or functional methods. But in the functional method, there is no consensus on where to place the skin markers and which combination to use. The objective of this study was to analyze how different combinations of skin markers affect the estimation of HJC position relative to predictive methods. Forty-one healthy volunteers were included in this study; thirteen markers were placed on the pelvis and hip of each subject’s lower limbs. Various marker combinations were used to determine the HJC position based on ten calibration movement trials, captured by a motion capture system. The estimated HJC position for each combination was evaluated by focusing on the range and standard deviation of the mean norm values of HJC and the mean X, Y, Z coordinates of HJC for each limb. The combinations that produced the best estimates incorporated the markers on the pelvis and on proximal and easily identifiable muscles, with results close to predictive methods. The combination that excluded the markers on the pelvis was not robust in estimating the HJC position.
Enhancing Readability and Detection of Age-Related Macular Degeneration Using Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging: An AI Approach
Authors: Alenezi Ahmad , Alhamad Hamad , Brindhaban Ajit , Amizadeh Yashar , Jodeiri Ata , Danishvar Sebelan
Published: March 2024

Artificial intelligence has been used effectively in medical diagnosis. The objective of this project is to examine the application of a collective AI model using weighted fusion of predicted probabilities from different AI architectures to diagnose various retinal conditions based on optical coherence tomography (OCT). A publicly available Noor dataset, comprising 16,822, images from 554 retinal OCT scans of 441 patients, was used to predict a diverse spectrum of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) stages: normal, drusen, or choroidal neovascularization. These predictions were compared with predictions from ResNet, EfficientNet, and Attention models, respectively, using precision, recall, F1 score, and confusion matric and receiver operating characteristics curves. Our collective model demonstrated superior accuracy in classifying AMD compared to individual ResNet, EfficientNet, and Attention models, showcasing the effectiveness of using trainable weights in the ensemble fusion process, where these weights dynamically adapt during training rather than being fixed values. Specifically, our ensemble model achieved an accuracy of 91.88%, precision of 92.54%, recall of 92.01%, and F1 score of 92.03%, outperforming individual models. Our model also highlights the refinement process undertaken through a thorough examination of initially misclassified cases, leading to significant improvements in the model’s accuracy rate to 97%. This study also underscores the potential of AI as a valuable tool in ophthalmology. The proposed ensemble model, combining different mechanisms highlights the benefits of model fusion for complex medical image analysis.
Development of an Eye Irritation Test Method Using an In-House Fabrication of a Reconstructed Human Cornea-like Epithelium Model for Eye Hazard Identification
Authors: Yamamoto Naoki , Hiramatsu Noriko , Kato Yoshinao , Sato Atsushi , Kojima Hajime
Published: March 2024

In a previous study, a novel human corneal-like epithelium model utilizing an immortalized human corneal epithelial cell line (iHCE-NY1) was developed as an alternative to animal models to identify chemicals not classified under the United Nations Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS) and was evaluated following the criteria of Test Guideline 492 of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). In the present study, our aim was to establish an eye irritation test protocol using the iHCE-NY1 model to classify liquid chemicals under the GHS ocular hazard categories: no effect, no classification (No Cat.), Category 2 (Cat. 2) reversible effects, and Category 1 (Cat. 1) irreversible eye damage. The protocol involved exposing the iHCE-NY1 model to 31 liquid test chemicals for 5 min, followed by observation at post-incubation periods (PIPs) to assess recovery. Classification was based on cell viability, and histopathological findings on PIP days 7, 14, and 21. The outcomes were compared with an established database of classifications. All Cat. 1 liquid chemicals, 62.5% of No Cat., and 63.2% of Cat. 2 were correctly categorized. This study demonstrates that the iHCE-NY1 model can not only distinguish No Cat. test liquid chemicals but also differentiate between Cat. 2 and Cat. 1 liquid chemicals.
Amorphous Calcium Carbonate from Plants Can Promote Bone Growth in Growing Rats
Authors: Chen Chun-Kai , Lee Yu-Shan , Kong Zwe-Ling , Chien Yi-Wen
Published: March 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) supplementation on bone growth in growing rats. Methods: We used 3-week-old male Wistar rats to simulate childhood and adolescent growth stages. Rats were divided into four groups as follows: a control group (C), a low-dose group (L, 20.65 mg/kg body weight (BW) ACC), a medium-dose group (M, 206.5 mg/kg BW ACC), and a high-dose group (H, 413 mg/kg BW ACC) administered by gavage. Body length (BL) and BW were measured weekly. The bone mineral density (BMD) of two lumbar vertebrae (L3 and L4) and the left femur were analyzed by micro-computed tomography (μCT) at 0, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. At the end of 12 weeks, the rats were sacrificed. After that, blood samples were collected from the abdominal aorta. Femurs and tibias were collected and weighed, and their lengths were measured. Then, bone samples were used to perform histopathological and histomorphometric analyses. Results: It showed that ACC supplementation in growing rats increased the trabecular bone thickness and serum bone formation biomarkers. Furthermore, high-dose ACC decreased serum bone resorption biomarkers and increased BMD. Conclusions: ACC supplementation can enhance osteoblast metabolism and inhibit osteoclast metabolism, resulting in a higher bone formation rate compared to bone resorption. This led to increased trabecular bone thickness, a higher BMD, and supported bone growth.
Unified Convolutional Sparse Transformer for Disease Diagnosis, Monitoring, Drug Development, and Therapeutic Effect Prediction from EEG Raw Data
Authors: He Zhengda , Chen Linjie , Xu Jiaying , Lv Hao , Zhou Rui-ning , Hu Jianhua , Chen Yadong , Gao Yang
Published: March 2024

Electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis plays an indispensable role across contemporary medical applications, which encompasses diagnosis, monitoring, drug discovery, and therapeutic assessment. This work puts forth an end-to-end deep learning framework that is uniquely tailored for versatile EEG analysis tasks by directly operating on raw waveform inputs. It aims to address the challenges of manual feature engineering and the neglect of spatial interrelationships in existing methodologies. Specifically, a spatial channel attention module is introduced to emphasize the critical inter-channel dependencies in EEG signals through channel statistics aggregation and multi-layer perceptron operations. Furthermore, a sparse transformer encoder is used to leverage selective sparse attention in order to efficiently process long EEG sequences while reducing computational complexity. Distilling convolutional layers further concatenates the temporal features and retains only the salient patterns. As it was rigorously evaluated on key EEG datasets, our model consistently accomplished a superior performance over the current approaches in detection and classification assignments. By accounting for both spatial and temporal relationships in an end-to-end paradigm, this work facilitates a versatile, automated EEG understanding across diseases, subjects, and objectives through a singular yet customizable architecture. Extensive empirical validation and further architectural refinement may promote broader clinical adoption prospects.
Inhibitors against DNA Polymerase I Family of Enzymes: Novel Targets and Opportunities
Authors: Kannan Saathvik , Gillespie Samuel W. , Picking Wendy L. , Picking William D. , Lorson Christian L. , Singh Kamal
Published: March 2024

DNA polymerases replicate cellular genomes and/or participate in the maintenance of genome integrity. DNA polymerases sharing high sequence homology with E. coli DNA polymerase I (pol I) have been grouped in Family A. Pol I participates in Okazaki fragment maturation and in bacterial genome repair. Since its discovery in 1956, pol I has been extensively studied, primarily to gain deeper insights into the mechanism of DNA replication. As research on DNA polymerases advances, many novel functions of this group of polymerases are being uncovered. For example, human DNA polymerase θ (a Family A DNA pol) has been shown to synthesize DNA using RNA as a template, a function typically attributed to retroviral reverse transcriptase. Increased interest in drug discovery against pol θ has emerged due to its roles in cancer. Likewise, Pol I family enzymes also appear attractive as drug-development targets against microbial infections. Development of antimalarial compounds targeting apicoplast apPOL, an ortholog of Pol I, further extends the targeting of this family of enzymes. Here, we summarize reported drug-development efforts against Family A polymerases and future perspective regarding these enzymes as antibiotic targets. Recently developed techniques, such as artificial intelligence, can be used to facilitate the development of new drugs.
Mitotic Functions and Characters of KIF11 in Cancers
Authors: Gao Wanting , Lu Junjie , Yang Zitao , Li Enmin , Cao Yufei , Xie Lei
Published: March 2024

Mitosis mediates the accurate separation of daughter cells, and abnormalities are closely related to cancer progression. KIF11, a member of the kinesin family, plays a vital role in the formation and maintenance of the mitotic spindle. Recently, an increasing quantity of data have demonstrated the upregulated expression of KIF11 in various cancers, promoting the emergence and progression of cancers. This suggests the great potential of KIF11 as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target. However, the molecular mechanisms of KIF11 in cancers have not been systematically summarized. Therefore, we first discuss the functions of the protein encoded by KIF11 during mitosis and connect the abnormal expression of KIF11 with its clinical significance. Then, we elucidate the mechanism of KIF11 to promote various hallmarks of cancers. Finally, we provide an overview of KIF11 inhibitors and outline areas for future work.
Induction of Experimental Peri-Implantitis with Strains Selected from the Human Oral Microbiome
Authors: Ancuţa Diana Larisa , Alexandru Diana Mihaela , Crivineanu Maria , Coman Cristin
Published: March 2024

Peri-implantitis (PI), the most widespread condition in the oral cavity, affects patients globally; thus, advanced research in both in vitro and in vivo studies is required. This study aimed to develop peri-implantitis in the rat model by oral contamination with bacteria responsible for PI in humans. The study was carried out in three stages: the extraction of the maxillary first molar to reproduce the human edentation, the mounting of the implant, and finally, the contamination of the device by gavage with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Streptococcus oralis. The hematological examinations showed statistically significant increases for WBCs (white blood cells), Hb (hemoglobin), RBCs (red blood cells), MCH (mean corpuscular hemoglobin), MCHC (mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration), and PLTs (platelets), but especially for the level of neutrophils and lymphocytes, and the systemic immunoinflammatory index completed the picture related to the inflammatory response triggered as a result of the activity of microorganisms pathogens on oral tissues. By examining the liver and kidney profile, we hypothesized that peri-implantitis is associated with systemic diseases, and the histopathological examination showed peri-implantitis lesions characterized by a marked inflammatory infiltrate with numerous neutrophils and lymphocytes. By corroborating all the results, we successfully developed a rat peri-implantitis model using a mixed bacterial infection through the oral gavage technique.
Is Formal Social Participation Associated with Cognitive Function in Middle-Aged and Older Adults? A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies
Authors: Cunha Cláudia , Voss Gina , Andrade Renato , Delerue-Matos Alice
Published: March 2024

This systematic review with meta-analysis aimed to explore the association between formal social participation and cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults using data from longitudinal studies. A comprehensive search was conducted in Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science for longitudinal studies that assessed the association between formal social participation and cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults published between January 2010 to 19 August 2022. Risk of bias was judged using the RoBANS tool. Meta-analysis using a random-effects model was computed with odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for cognitive decline probability. Sensitivity analyses were made to explore any changes to the pooled statistical heterogeneity and pooled effect size. Certainty of evidence was judged using the GRADE framework. We included 15 studies comprising 136,397 participants from 5 countries. Meta-analyses showed that formal social participation was associated with reduced cognitive decline (OR = 0.78, 95% CI 0.75–0.82, p < 0.001), with very low certainty of evidence. Formal social participation appears to enhance cognition in middle-aged and older adults, but further high-quality research is needed given the very low certainty of evidence.
Navigating Uncertainties in the Built Environment: Reevaluating Antifragile Planning in the Anthropocene through a Posthumanist Lens
Authors: Janković Stefan
Published: March 2024

Within the vast landscape of the Built Environment, where challenges of uncertainty abound, this paper ventures into a detailed exploration of antifragile planning. Antifragility, a concept rooted in the capacity of systems to not only withstand but also thrive in the face of volatility, stands as a beacon of resilience amidst the uncertainties of the Anthropocene. The paper offers a systematic examination of antifragile planning, specifically by concentrating on uncertainty as one of its key theoretical tenets and by exploring the implications of these principles within the context of the Anthropocene. After offering a systematic and comprehensive review of the literature, the analysis delves into several important themes in antifragile planning, including the recognition of limited predictive reliability, critiques of conventional responses to shocks such as urban resilience and smart cities, and the strategic elimination of potential fragilizers through a unique planning methodology. Furthermore, the paper discusses three key arguments challenging the efficacy of antifragility: the systemic approach, the classification of responses to perturbations, and the validity of adaptivity and optionality theses. Specifically, the gaps identified in the antifragile planning methodology reveal its shortcomings in addressing the complexity of cities, its failure to recognize the variety of responses to shocks and perturbations, and its neglect of broader urban relationalities, especially in relation to climate-induced uncertainty. Thus, it is asserted that antifragility remains urbocentric. For these reasons, the paper contends that rectifying the gaps detected in antifragility is necessary to address the uncertainty of the Anthropocene. By aligning largely with emerging posthumanist planning strategies, the paper emphasizes the significance of adopting a proactive approach that goes beyond merely suppressing natural events. This approach involves fostering urban intelligence, contextualizing urban materialities within broader planetary dynamics, and embracing exploratory design strategies that prioritize both the ethical and aesthetic dimensions of planning.
Optimizing Concrete Grade for a Sustainable Structural Design in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Almulhim Mohammad S. M. , Al Masmoum Mohammed W.
Published: March 2024

Buildings and facilities undergo several stages: the product stage, the construction stage, the use stage, the end-of-life stage, and the recycling stage. The life cycle of any facility or building contributes to embodied carbon (EC) emissions. The product stage, also known as the cradle-to-gate stage (A1–A3), registers the highest emissions, estimated to account for 70% of the total environmental impact. The continuing population growth in Saudi Arabia necessitates urgent action to identify and implement solutions for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating environmental risks. This study investigates the optimal method to analyze the grade of concrete for specific structural elements (columns) in a particular work area, adhering to accurate and methodological standards outlined in the Saudi Building Code (SBC). The bill of quantities (BOQ) determined the amount of building materials for the structure considered in this study. Reliable embedded carbon coefficients (ECCs) for structural materials such as concrete and steel were determined following life cycle assessment principles. They were analyzed using the Inventory of Carbon and Energy (ICE; Version 2.0) and Global Warming Potential (GWP). The obtained values varied based on the components of each mixture. This study determined the cost of each concrete mixture and steel, selecting the optimal mixture based on both EC and material cost. Since the quantity of cement significantly affects EC emissions in a concrete mixture, it is essential to select appropriate plasticizers and concrete types. This study evaluated the C30, C40, C50, C60, and C70 mixtures. Among these, the C70 mixture demonstrated the best environmental impact and was the least expensive compared to the basic C40 mixture for the estimated quantities of concrete and steel. The estimated reductions in cost and environmental impact were 33% and 27%, respectively. This groundbreaking study paves the way for low-carbon structural design in large hotels across Saudi Arabia, offering valuable insights for future projects and contributing significantly to energy conservation.
Development and Sustainability: A Case Study of the Industrial Park EURO-PARK Kobierzyce in Poland
Authors: Krajewska Joanna
Published: March 2024

Since 2001, a new development paradigm, not only in EU countries but also at the global level, has been the concept of balancing environmental, social and economic factors, known as sustainable development. Over the two decades of the new millennium, a number of initiatives and directives have been introduced that are aimed at protecting the environment against over-exploitation, pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. This issue also applies to the fields of construction and architecture, which will be inspired to change by the idea of New European Bauhaus initiated in 2020. Thanks to the political transformation that began in 1990, Poland became part of the global capitalist system, and by joining the European Union in 2004, it declared its development policy in line with European standards. This article deals with the local development process and with industry sustainability in the example of an industrial park located in a selected, representative commune in Poland. The case study of the industrial park EURO-PARK Kobierzyce included factors determining the choice of location, provisions of planning documents, development characteristics, as well as sustainability reports published by selected companies. The aim of this study is to understand the impact of the industrial park on local development and sustainability, as well as to attempt to assess the development of the industry in the context of long-term sustainable development in the conditions of global capitalism. The analyzed case of an industrial park is intended to serve as an illustration of the research problem and a starting point for a broader discussion.
Incidence of Catheter-Associated Bloodstream Infections in Stem Cell Recipients—Should We Be “PICCy”?
Authors: Milczarek Sławomir , Kulig Piotr , Piotrowska Oliwia , Zuchmańska Alina , Wilk-Milczarek Ewa , Machaliński Bogusław
Published: March 2024

The management of patients undergoing HSCT requires a multipurpose central venous catheter. Peripheral catheters (PCs), such as peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) and MidLine catheters (MLCs), appear to be adequate vascular catheters to be used for stem cell infusion, although their utilization in this indication is not yet common. We analyzed the infectious complications such as blood stream infection (BSI), febrile neutropenia (FN) and central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLBSI) in patients undergoing stem cell infusion through PC and conventionally inserted central catchers (CICCs), and evaluated their impacts on transplantation outcomes. Our results reveal no statistically significant differences between different types of catheter in terms of FN, BSI and CLABSI. Moreover, transplantation outcomes were comparable between the groups. Interestingly, according to our data, there were no differences in terms of abovementioned infectious complications between individuals who received antibiotic prophylaxis and those who did not. Our study has shown that infection complications are independent of the intravenous device and antibiotic prophylaxis. Considering that PCs are not associated with life-threatening complications, they should be considered more frequently in the stem cell transplantation setting.
Synthetic Circular RNA for microRNA-1269a Suppresses Tumor Progression in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Kasamatsu Atsushi , Nozaki Ryunosuke , Kawasaki Kohei , Saito Tomoaki , Minemura Chikashi , Seki Naohiko , Moss Joel , Uzawa Katsuhiro
Published: March 2024

microRNAs (miRs) function in cancer progression as post-transcriptional regulators. We previously reported that endogenous circular RNAs (circRNAs) function as efficient miR sponges and could act as novel gene regulators in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In this study, we carried out cellular and luciferase reporter assays to examine competitive inhibition of miR-1269a, which is upregulated expression in several cancers, by circRNA-1269a, a synthetic circRNA that contains miR-1269a binding sequences. We also used data-independent acquisition (DIA) proteomics and in silico analyses to determine how circRNA-1269a treatment affects molecules downstream of miR-1269a. First, we confirmed the circularization of the linear miR-1269a binding site sequence using RT-PCR with divergent/convergent primers and direct sequencing of the head-to-tail circRNA junction point. In luciferase reporter and cellular functional assays, circRNA-1269a significantly reduced miR-1269a function, leading to a significant decrease in cell proliferation and migration. DIA proteomics and gene set enrichment analysis of OSCC cells treated with circRNA-1269a indicated high differential expression for 284 proteins that were mainly enriched in apoptosis pathways. In particular, phospholipase C gamma 2 (PLCG2), which is related to OSCC clinical stage and overall survival, was affected by the circRNA-1269a/miR-1269a axis. Taken together, synthetic circRNA-1269a inhibits tumor progression via miR-1269a and its downstream targets, indicating that artificial circRNAs could represent an effective OSCC therapeutic.
NHC-Catalyzed Reaction of Aldehydes for C(sp2)–O Bond Formation
Authors: Yamaoka Yousuke , Miyabe Hideto
Published: March 2024

In the past few decades, N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have opened the new field of organocatalysis in synthetic organic chemistry. This review highlights the dramatic progress in the field of NHC-catalyzed C–O bond formation based on the activation of aldehyde C(sp2)–H bonds. The oxidative and redox transformations for the synthesis of various molecules with structural diversity and complexity are summarized. Furthermore, new methods and strategies for NHC catalysis are emerging continuously; thus, cooperative catalysis with Brønsted acid, hydrogen-bonding catalyst, transition-metal catalyst, and photocatalyst are also described.
Agonist-Induced Ca2+ Signaling in HEK-293-Derived Cells Expressing a Single IP3 Receptor Isoform
Authors: Kochkina Ekaterina N. , Kopylova Elizaveta E. , Rogachevskaja Olga A. , Kovalenko Nina P. , Kabanova Natalia V. , Kotova Polina D. , Bystrova Marina F. , Kolesnikov Stanislav S.
Published: March 2024

In mammals, three genes encode IP3 receptors (IP3Rs), which are involved in agonist-induced Ca2+ signaling in cells of apparently all types. Using the CRISPR/Cas9 approach for disruption of two out of three IP3R genes in HEK-293 cells, we generated three monoclonal cell lines, IP3R1-HEK, IP3R2-HEK, and IP3R3-HEK, with the single functional isoform, IP3R1, IP3R2, and IP3R3, respectively. All engineered cells responded to ACh with Ca2+ transients in an “all-or-nothing” manner, suggesting that each IP3R isotype was capable of mediating CICR. The sensitivity of cells to ACh strongly correlated with the affinity of IP3 binding to an IP3R isoform they expressed. Based on a mathematical model of intracellular Ca2+ signals induced by thapsigargin, a SERCA inhibitor, we developed an approach for estimating relative Ca2+ permeability of Ca2+ store and showed that all three IP3R isoforms contributed to Ca2+ leakage from ER. The relative Ca2+ permeabilities of Ca2+ stores in IP3R1-HEK, IP3R2-HEK, and IP3R3-HEK cells were evaluated as 1:1.75:0.45. Using the genetically encoded sensor R-CEPIA1er for monitoring Ca2+ signals in ER, engineered cells were ranged by resting levels of stored Ca2+ as IP3R3-HEK ≥ IP3R1-HEK > IP3R2-HEK. The developed cell lines could be helpful for further assaying activity, regulation, and pharmacology of individual IP3R isoforms.
The Interplay between Fear Reactivity and Callous–Unemotional Traits Predicting Reactive and Proactive Aggression
Authors: Thomson Nicholas D. , Kjærvik Sophie L. , Blondell Victoria J. , Hazlett Laura E.
Published: March 2024

Research has indicated that youths with CU traits are fearless, and this fearlessness plays a bidirectional role in both the development of CU traits and engagement in aggressive behavior. However, research specifically testing the role of fear in the association between CU traits and aggression is scarce. The goal of the current study was to test if fear reactivity, both conscious (self-report) and automatic (skin conductance reactivity; SCR), moderated the association between CU traits and aggression subtypes (reactive and proactive aggression). Participants included 161 adolescents (Mage = 15 years) diagnosed with conduct disorder. CU traits were assessed using the self-report Inventory of Callous–Unemotional Traits. Conscious and automatic fear reactivity were measured during a virtual reality rollercoaster using the Self-Assessment Manikin and skin conductance reactivity (SCR), respectively. Hierarchical regressions found that high fear reactivity on SCR moderated the link between CU traits and reactive aggression, while feeling more excited during fear induction moderated the link between CU traits and proactive aggression. Overall, a possible explanation of our divergent findings between conscious and automatic fear may be the difference between the instinctual biological response to threat versus the cognitive and emotional appraisal and experience of threat. Implications for intervention strategies targeting emotional recognition and regulation in reducing aggression in CD populations are discussed.
Use of Digitalisation and Machine Learning Techniques in Therapeutic Intervention at Early Ages: Supervised and Unsupervised Analysis
Authors: Sáiz-Manzanares María Consuelo , Solórzano Mulas Almudena , Escolar-Llamazares María Camino , Alcantud Marín Francisco , Rodríguez-Arribas Sandra , Velasco-Saiz Rut
Published: March 2024

Advances in technology and artificial intelligence (smart healthcare) open up a range of possibilities for precision intervention in the field of health sciences. The objectives of this study were to analyse the functionality of using supervised (prediction and classification) and unsupervised (clustering) machine learning techniques to analyse results related to the development of functional skills in patients at developmental ages of 0–6 years. We worked with a sample of 113 patients, of whom 49 were cared for in a specific centre for people with motor impairments (Group 1) and 64 were cared for in a specific early care programme for patients with different impairments (Group 2). The results indicated that in Group 1, chronological age predicted the development of functional skills at 85% and in Group 2 at 65%. The classification variable detected was functional development in the upper extremities. Two clusters were detected within each group that allowed us to determine the patterns of functional development in each patient with respect to functional skills. The use of smart healthcare resources has a promising future in the field of early care. However, data recording in web applications needs to be planned, and the automation of results through machine learning techniques is required.
Effect of Ultrasonic Vibration on Microstructure and Antifouling Capability of Cu-Modified TiO2 Coating Produced by Micro-Arc Oxidation
Authors: Hu Pengfei , Zhu Liyang , Liu Jiejun , Lv You , Cai Guangyi , Zhang Xinxin
Published: March 2024

Ti and its alloys have received wide attention in marine engineering. However, the limited anti-biofouling capability may hinder their wide application. In the present work, micro-arc oxidation (MAO) with and without the introduction of ultrasonic vibration (UV) has been conducted on metallic Ti substrate in an aqueous solution containing Na2Cu-EDTA to produce a Cu-modified TiO2 coating. Microstructural characterization reveals that the introduction of UV increased the thickness of the coating (ranging from ~13.5 μm to ~26.2 μm) compared to the coating (ranging from ~8.1 μm to ~12.8 μm) without UV. A relatively higher Cu content (~2.13 wt.%) of the coating with UV relative to the coating (~1.39 wt.%) without UV indicates that UV enhances the incorporation of Cu into TiO2. Further, both electrochemical properties and the response to sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) were evaluated, revealing that UV introduction endows Cu-modified TiO2 coating with enhanced corrosion resistance and antifouling capability. The present results suggest that ultrasound-auxiliary micro-arc oxidation (UMAO) obviously enhances the surface performance of Ti alloys for promising applications in marine engineering.