bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RMB RESILIENCE STRATEGIES TO DRIVE BUSINESS PERFORMANCE AMID THE GLOBAL CRISIS
Authors: Zheng Yingrong , Dong Hao , Milojevic Marko
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this article is to examine the impact of RMB exchange rate fluctuations on the strategic decisions of Chinese companies in the context of their export activity in the foreign market. The research methodology is based on integrated annual customs data for the period 2014–2021 and econometric analysis. The upward fluctuations in the level of the real effective exchange rate of the RMB encourage companies to withdraw from foreign markets and lead to a significant slowdown in companies’ export market entry. At the same time, companies with foreign capital are able to cope with currency risks to a much greater extent than companies with state and private participation. The analysis of company characteristics based on the principle of differentiation shows that company performance, profit volume, business scale, and export experience of a company can lead to a delay in the favorable effect of RMB appreciation for companies leaving export markets. This article provides valuable guidance for companies on strategies to avoid currency risks and make effective management decisions in the context of exports.
Gnuastro: Measuring Radial Profiles from Images
Authors: Infante-Sainz Raúl , Akhlaghi Mohammad , Eskandarlou Sepideh
Published: January 2024

Radial profiles play a crucial role in the analysis and interpretation of astronomical data, facilitating the extraction of spatial information. However, highly customizable (for different scenarios) measurements over each elliptical annulus can be challenging. In response, we present astscript-radial-profile, which is part of Gnuastro from version 0.15 and has an extensive documentation. A convenient feature of this program is its capability to make the measurements with different operators (mean, median, sigma-clipping, and many more) over ellipses, very quickly and directly on the command-line with minimal dependencies. This research note is reproducible with Maneage, on the Git commit f3ec942.
Titan’s Atmospheric Albedo Asymmetry and Seasonal Variability Observed through the Cassini Imaging Science Subsystem
Authors: Snell C. , Banfield D.
Published: January 2024

Using images from Cassini, we analyzed the north–south albedo asymmetry that has been observed in the atmosphere of Saturn’s moon, Titan. Suitable images from the Cassini Imaging Science Subsystem taken at 889 nm spanned from 2004 to 2017—around half of a Titan year—and revealed seasonal changes in the characteristics and orientation of the north–south asymmetry boundary. Such circumglobal features provide insight into the dynamics and circulation of the atmosphere more broadly. The albedo asymmetry has been observed to reverse for part of the Titan year, inverting the brighter and darker hemispheres; we also observed this inversion, along with the formation of additional banding briefly during the transition (around 2014–2016). A tilt in the rotation axis of Titan’s atmosphere with respect to the solid body rotation has previously been noted. Using robust edge-detection techniques, we likewise identified a tilt offset of a few degrees in the albedo transition boundaries. The azimuth of this tilt axis remained roughly fixed in inertial space, with some smaller possible seasonal fluctuations around the fixed direction noted.
Oblique impact dynamic analysis of wedge friction damper with Dankowicz dynamic friction
Authors: Zhang Yanlong , Zhang Rui , Wang Li
Published: January 2024

Aiming at the wedge friction damper for freight train bogie, considering Dankowicz dynamic friction, the mechanical model of a three-degree-of-freedom inclined impact vibration system with gap and dynamic friction, is simplified. The mechanical model of the system is established, the motion equation of the system is obtained, and the motion state and conditions of the system are analyzed. The Poincare map is constructed by selecting a fixed collision section, and the response of the system is solved by the fourth-order Runge-Kutta numerical method with variable step size. The transition process of the system motion and the phenomenon of sticking and chatter are analyzed by numerical simulation when the external excitation frequency changes. The results show that: 1) Under certain parameters, with the change of excitation frequency, the system undergoes periodic doubling bifurcation, inverse periodic doubling bifurcation, Grazing bifurcation and Hopf bifurcation, and there is a "periodic bubble" phenomenon in the system motion. When the system excitation frequency is between 3.35–3.55, 4.425–6.12, and 7.34–7.758, the system motion has chatter and sticking phenomena; when the system excitation frequency is between 1.75–3.24 and 3.92–4.425, the sticking phenomenon disappears, and only the chatter phenomenon exists. 2) When other parameters remain unchanged, and the mass ratio decreases from 1.15 to 0.85, nonlinear dynamic phenomena such as the transition between periodic bubbles and chaotic bubbles will be found. In this paper, the bifurcation and chaos characteristics of the impact vibration system of the wedge friction damper are studied, and the rich friction-induced vibration forms such as chatter and sticking are revealed, which provides a reference for improving the stability of vehicle operation and the selection of parameters in vehicle vibration reduction design in engineering practice.
On the $ A_{\alpha^-} $-spectra of graphs and the relation between $ A_{\alpha} $- and $ A_{\alpha^-} $-spectra
Authors: Fakieh Wafaa , Alkhamisi Zakeiah , Alashwali Hanaa
Published: January 2024

Let $ G $ be a graph with adjacency matrix $ A(G) $, and let $ D(G) $ be the diagonal matrix of the degrees of $ G $. For any real number $ \alpha\in [0, 1] $, Nikiforov defined the $ A_{\alpha} $-matrix of $ G $ as

   \begin{document}$ A_{\alpha}(G) = \alpha D (G) + (1 - \alpha)A (G). $\end{document}

The eigenvalues of the matrix $ A_{\alpha}(G) $ form the $ A_{\alpha} $-spectrum of $ G $. The $ A_{\alpha} $-spectral radius of $ G $ is the largest eigenvalue of $ A_{\alpha}(G) $ denoted by $ \rho_\alpha(G) $. In this paper, we propose the $ A_{\alpha^-} $-matrix of $ G $ as

   \begin{document}$ A_{\alpha^-}(G) = \alpha D (G) + (\alpha-1)A (G), \, \, \, 0 \leq \alpha \leq 1. $\end{document}

Let the $ A_{\alpha^-} $-spectral radius of $ G $ be denoted by $ \lambda_{\alpha^-}(G) $, and let $ S^{\alpha}_{\beta}(G) $ and $ S^{\alpha^-}_{\beta}(G) $ be the sum of the $ \beta^{th} $ powers of the $ A_{\alpha} $ and $ A_{\alpha^-} $ eigenvalues of $ G $, respectively. We determine the $ A_{\alpha^-} $-spectra of some graphs and obtain some bounds of the $ A_{\alpha^-} $-spectral radius. Moreover, we establish a relationship between the $ A_{\alpha} $-spectral radius and $ A_{\alpha^-} $-spectral radius. Indeed, for $ \alpha\in(\frac{1}{2}, 1) $, we show that $ \lambda_{\alpha^-}\leq \rho_\alpha $, and we prove that if $ G $ is connected, then the equality holds if and only if $ G $ is bipartite. Employing this relation, we obtain some upper bounds of $ \lambda_{\alpha^-}(G) $, and we prove that the $ A_{\alpha^-} $-spectrum and $ A_\alpha $-spectrum are equal if and only if $ G $ is a bipartite connected graph. Furthermore, we generalize the relation established by S. Akbari et al. in $ (2010) $ as follows: for $ \alpha\in[\frac{1}{2}, 1) $, if $ \, \, \, 0 < \beta\leq 1 $ or $ \, 2\leq\beta\leq 3 $, then $ S^{\alpha}_{\beta}(G)\geq S^{\alpha^-}_{\beta}(G), $ and if $ \, 1\leq\beta\leq 2 $, then $ S^{\alpha}_{\beta}(G)\leq S^{\alpha^-}_{\beta}(G), $ where the equality holds if and only if $ G $ is a bipartite graph such that $ \beta \notin \{1, 2, 3\}. $
The impact of intellectual property rights protection on green innovation: A quasi-natural experiment based on the pilot policy of the Chinese intellectual property court
Authors: Liu Yue , Chen Liming , Luo Han , Liu Yuzhao , Wen Yixian
Published: January 2024

In the context of high-quality economic development in China, it is important to promote green innovation development by protecting intellectual property rights (IPR). Taking the pilot policy of the intellectual property courts in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou for example in a quasi-natural experiment, this article examines the effect of IPR protection on the development of corporate green innovation and its mechanisms by using a difference-in-differences model and a mediating effect model based on Chinese enterprise data from 2011 to 2019. The study found that first, IPR protection promotes enterprise green technological innovation; second, IPR protection affects green innovation through enterprise financing constraints and R&D investment; that is, increasing enterprise R&D investment and alleviating enterprise financing constraints are two important channels through which IPR protection promotes enterprise green technological innovation.
Traduir l’experiència de llegir Proust
Authors: Pinto Josep Maria
Published: January 2024

Josep Maria Pinto, traducteur de la Recherche de Proust en catalan, revient dans ce texte sur son expérience et sa lecture de Proust.
Valeur des bois-énergie, bois d’œuvre et de service dans les zones de mangroves des sites Ramsar 1017 et 1018 au Bénin
Authors: Padonou Elie Antoine , Agbahoungba Symphorien , Sewadé Clément , Houngbo Sidol B.E. , Saliou Idelphonse O. , Zannou Afio
Published: January 2024

Cette étude vise à déterminer la valeur du bois et la part du revenu des ménages allouée aux dépenses de consommation du bois dans les zones de mangroves des sites RAMSAR 1017 et 1018 au Bénin en vue de mieux planifier les programmes de reboisement des zones périphériques des sites RAMSAR et de réduire les pressions sur les forêts naturelles. Des enquêtes ont été réalisées auprès de 1060 acteurs de différents corps de métier intervenant dans la valorisation du bois (chefs de ménage, femmes de ménage, vendeurs de nourritures, collecteurs et revendeurs de bois de chauffe, fabricants et revendeurs de charbon de bois, exploitants forestiers, menuisiers et scieurs) dans les zones de mangroves des deux sites. Les résultats ont montré qu’un ménage dépense en moyenne pour la consommation du bois d’œuvre 18 446 Francs CFA par an, pour le bois de service 8 311 Francs CFA par an, 110 230 Francs CFA par an pour le bois de chauffe et 30 295 Francs CFA par an pour le charbon de bois au niveau du site RAMSAR 1017. Au niveau du site 1018, les dépenses moyennes par ménage sont de 33 938 Francs CFA par an pour le bois d’œuvre, 17 700 Francs CFA par an pour le bois de service, 94 535 Francs CFA par an pour le bois de chauffe et 24 090 Francs CFA par an pour le charbon de bois. L’étude suggère le développement d’une politique de plantation des espèces de bois utilisées et de promotion de sources moins couteuses d’énergie pour les ménages.
The Relevance of Knowledge and Information Management for Innovation Generation
Authors: da Silva Elaine , Valentim Marta Lígia Pomim
Published: January 2024

Recognizing that the sharing of information and knowledge is a preponderant factor for the generation of innovation and that innovative performance in a nation depends on the ability of innovation agents to share information and knowledge focusing on innovation, this chapter aims to highlight why and how information management (IG) and knowledge management (KM) processes constitute valuable subsidies for the generation of innovation. In addition, it presents and analyzes organizations whose purpose is the management of knowledge and information, such as archives, libraries, information/documentation centers, and museums seeking to show that these organizations have the potential to play an important role in the context of innovation systems.
Developing an IoT Adoption Framework for Library Management for Public Tertiary Institutions in Ghana
Authors: Boateng Frank , Aroba Oluwasegun Julius , Patel Sulaiman Saleem
Published: January 2024

The chapter presents an IoT adoption framework for improving library management practices in Ghana's public tertiary institution. The internet of things (IoT) has revolutionized various industries, including libraries. The chapter aims to define a comprehensive framework that addresses the challenges and needs of Ghana's public higher education institution. Key areas where IoT integration can benefit library operations include resource monitoring, security, user experience, and data analytics. The framework also addresses potential obstacles and concerns related to privacy, security, and infrastructure limitations in the Ghanaian context. The chapter provides valuable insights for academic and administrative stakeholders on using IoT technologies to improve library services and knowledge dissemination in Ghana's public tertiary institution.
Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions of Cybersecurity Surveillance Systems
Authors: Sarkar Saptarshi Kumar , Roy Piyal , Ghosh Shivnath , Podder Amitava
Published: January 2024

Systems for monitoring cybersecurity are now crucial instruments for safeguarding digital assets and fending off numerous attacks. This chapter covers the various uses, challenges, and new developments of using surveillance systems in order to enhance cybersecurity. Discussion themes include threat detection, incident response, insider threat identification, and vulnerability management. The primary challenges—including data overload, false positives, privacy concerns, skill gaps, regulatory compliance, adaptive threats, and cultural acceptance—are also exhaustively examined. The report also covers recent advancements, such as the use of zero trust architectures, the development of behavioral analytics, and the blending of AI and ML technologies. By addressing these problems and implementing these trends, organizations can strengthen their entire cybersecurity posture.
A patient with bilateral neuralgic amyotrophy and hepatitis E virus infection: an educational communication
Authors: Rojc Bojan , Šarabon Nejc
Published: January 2024

Neuralgic Amyotrophy, a peripheral nervous system disorder, is characterized by severe pain and muscle weakness, which can have a significant impact on patients' quality of life. The exact cause of neuralgic amyotrophy is unknown, but it may be linked to immunopathological mechanisms. Recent research has found an association between neuralgic amyotrophy and hepatitis E virus infection. This communication aims to expand knowledge on the clinical phenotype of patients with neuralgic amyotrophy and hepatitis E virus infection, presenting the case of a 55-year-old man diagnosed with bilateral neuralgic amyotrophy and hepatitis E virus infection.
Correlation of nerve damage and peripheral neuropathy incidence using the MNSI and MDNS instrument approaches
Authors: Imamah Indah Nur , Setiani Diah , Firdaus Rivan , Shoufiyah Rahmawati , Rizal Alfi Ari Fakhrur , Ifroh Riza Hayati
Published: January 2024

The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that by 2030, diabetes mellitus would become the 7th leading cause of death. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that causes various complications, one of which is peripheral neuropathy. Preventive efforts for peripheral neuropathy involve conducting detection examinations. The purpose of this study was to analyze nerve damage in peripheral neuropathy cases using the MNSI (Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument) and MDNS (Michigan Diabetic Neuropathy Score) instruments. The study employed a cross-sectional study approach with a sample of 50 people, using total sampling as the sampling technique. The independent variable in this study was nerve damage, and the dependent variable was peripheral neuropathy. Data collection in the study was carried out using the MNSI and MDNS instruments to link the dependent and independent variables. Hypothesis analysis in this study was conducted using the Spearman's rho correlation test. The study found that autonomic, sensory, and motor damage correlated with peripheral neuropathy, with a P-value of < 0.05. Examinations in the feet of diabetics were significantly related to the level of peripheral neuropathy. However, there was no evidence of a correlation between the characteristics of the respondents and the incidence of peripheral neuropathy. The results of the nerve damage examination demonstrated a correlation between different types of damage, and the MNSI and MDNS instruments proved effective in detecting peripheral neuropathy damage. Future research should focus on more in-depth studies to explore the correlation of nerve damage in patients with diabetes mellitus detected at a young age and consider other variables, such as HbA1c levels, as potential risk factors for peripheral neuropathy.
Bactericidal efficacy of lithium magnesium silicate hydrosol incorporated with slightly acidic electrolyzed water in disinfection application against Escherichia coli
Authors: Aleryani Hamzah , Qing Gao , Sri Prabakusuma Adhita , Abdo Abdullah , Al-Dalali Sam , Al-Zamani Zakarya , Jin-song He
Published: January 2024

In food safety implementation, bacterial inactivation is an imperative aspect of hygiene and sanitation. Studies on lithium magnesium silicate (LMS) hydrosol (sol) incorporated with slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) for decontamination of pathogenic bacteria are limited. This present study aimed to investigate the bactericidal efficacy of LMS hydrosol incorporated with SAEW against Escherichia coli. Optimum combination conditions of SAEW, sol concentration, and available chlorine concentration (ACC) were optimized by response surface methodology under the central composite design against the growth of E. coli. The optimum combination conditions of exposure time, sol concentration, and ACC were 9.5 min, 1.7%, and 20.5 ppm, respectively. The results showed that the increase in ACC led to inactivation in the survival of E. coli compared with the control (p<0.05). It can be concluded that the best combination percentage between SAEW and sol ranged from 1.5-1.7%, in which E. coli was reduced by 4.50 log10 CFU/mL at an ACC of 9.94 ppm. When increasing the ACC to 14.84 ppm, E. coli was reduced by 4.51 log10 CFU/mL compared with the initial number of bacteria (8.20 log10 CFU/mL) in the control group. The number of bacteria was undetected after increasing ACC to 19.93, 25.15, and 29.88 ppm at 10 min. This study suggests that LMS sol incorporated with SAEW could potentially be used as an effective sanitizer.
Catalytic conversion of castor seed oil to diesel range hydrocarbons using NiO –CuO catalyst supported on ZSM-5
Authors: Abubakar Mudassir , Sokoto Abdullahi M. , Muhammad Chika , Sirajo Muhammad , Sahabi Yaquba M.
Published: January 2024

Bio-oils are an alternative fuel that can be produced from organic resources such as vegetable oils in which castor seed oil is an example. In this research work castor seed oil was converted to diesel range hydrocarbons using NiO-CuO/ZSM-5 as catalyst. The catalyst was synthesized using wet impregnation method which was characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF). The castor seed oil was extracted by using hot water stirring method. The extracted raw oil and catalytically cracked bio-oil were also characterized by FT-IR. The optimum yield of bio-oil 80.70 % was attained at the temperature of 300 0C, reaction time 60 mins and catalyst loading of 2 wt% respectively. The Bio-oil was also characterized using GC-MS to determine the molecular compositions of the raw, thermally and catalytically cracked bio-oil. However, this makes castor seed oil a good feedstock for bio-oil production with little modifications on its properties. This indicates that the products can be used as an alternative fuel in diesel engines.
Assessment of some biochemical parameters in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients attending Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto
Authors: Hassan Zainab. B. , Mahuta Sahabi. D. , Umar Rabiu. A. , Makusidi Mohammad. A.
Published: January 2024

In chronic kidney disease (CKD), inadequate and poor nutrition are important factors affecting the outcome and recovery from disease and injury. This study was designed to assess some nutritional indices of patients with CKD attending UDUTH Sokoto. Seventy-five CKD patients and twenty-five controls were recruited, parameters such as serum albumin, total protein, haemoglobin, vitamin D, zinc and copper were determined using standard methods. A significant (P<0.05) increase in Urea, Creatinine, Uric acid, phosphate, copper and potassium was observed in the patients as compared to the controls. There was a significant (P< 0.05) decrease in sodium, chloride, calcium, bicarbonate and albumin of the patients when compared to the control. However, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) observed in the total protein levels of the patients and the control. Therefore, these assessed parameters plays important role for the screening of malnutrition in CKD patents and if this is established, nutritional intervention can be made to these patients to minimize or prevent the advances of malnutrition problems in the CKD patients.
Antidiarrhoeal and anti-emetic activities of aqueous leaf extract of Ficus thonningii Blume in young chicks
Authors: Tijjani Rabiu G. , Abubakar Bilyaminu , Aminu Nafiu , Muntaka Abdulrahman , Sani Saida M. , Nasir Ibrahim A. , Umar Milicent L.
Published: January 2024

Treatments for diarrhoeal and vomiting with modern drugs have been associated with unwanted effects such as sedation and extrapyramidal effects. In this study, Ficus thonningii Blume leaf extract (FTE) was investigated for its anti-diarrhoeal and anti-emetic properties. Two study groups, namely anti-diarrhoeal and anti-emetic groups (n=36), were sorted into: placebo; drug-treatment, and 3 plant-extract treatment (FT100, FT200 and FT300) subgroups (n = 6). In the placebo group, chicks were administered only saline solution (0.9 %) while chlorpromazine (150 mg/kg) and loperamide (2.5 mg/kg) served as positive control in the anti-emetic and antidiarrhoeal study groups, respectively. The plant-extract treatment groups (FT100, FT200 and FT300) were treated with 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg doses of FTE, respectively. Vomiting was induced using oral copper sulphate solution (50 mg/kg) and chicks were observed for latency as-well-as number of retches. In the anti-diarrhoea study group, 30 mins after treatment with extracts, diarrhoea was induced with oral castor oil and latency as-well-as number of defecation was observed. Results revealed that treatment with 200 and 300 mg/kg of FTE, similar to chlorpromazine, inhibited the number of retching in chicks by 71% and 78%, respectively. Treatment with 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg of FTE, similar to loperamide, reduced the number of droppings in chicks by 45.4%, 42.9%, and 58.4%, respectively. Thus, the results showed that FTE possess anti-emetic and anti-diarrhoeal properties which qualifies it a potential research candidate in search of new drugs.
Branching Models in Practice: Tackling Real-Life Challenges Beyond Theoretical Constructs Using Python Programming
Authors: Adeyinka Abdulazeez Sikiru
Published: January 2024

The mathematical modeling of branching processes finds its origin in attempts to model reproduction patterns in species. For systems  with replicating and dying components (like cells or particles), branching process theory provides the mathematical tools for  understanding their probabilistic progression.. They are used to describe random systems such as chain reactions, survival of family names, pest eradication, population development and gene propagation. This study showcases clear illustrations of the likelihood of  extinction, the duration until extinction, and the probability related to the entire offspring. Observations of past elite families often  highlight their eventual decrease, leading to myriad speculations. Through Python-based modeling, it was found that if every person, on average, yields slightly over one offspring, there is no absolute guarantee of family extinction. However, if the mean number of offspring  per individual  is one or less, the process is guaranteed to become extinct.
DRX Mechanism for Machine Type Communication (MTC) in Long Term Evolution Network (LTE): Potentials and challenges
Authors: Anas Abdullahi , Jimada Yusuf Umar , Usman Muhammed Abdulaziz , Aliyu Aliyu Aliyu , Ismail Adamu Bashir , Yeldu Zaharadeen Yusuf
Published: January 2024

Discontinuous Reception (DRX) Mechanism is the power saving technique employed by the Long Time Evolutional (LTE) Network to  reduce the power saving. The scheme has seen numerous improvements and tuning to enhance its performance. The Machine Type  Communication (MTC) devices have characters that widely differ from the normal devices (Human Type Devices). Therefore, DRX  schemes needs to be adjusted to fully accommodate MTC. In this work, a survey of MTC DRX scheme literatures is adapted depicting  challenges and potential.
Assessment of Numerical Performance of Some Runge-Kutta Methods and New Iteration Method on First Order Differential Problems
Authors: Audu Khadeejah James , Taiwo Aliyu Rasheed , Soliu Abdulganiyu Alabi
Published: January 2024

This research focuses on the assessment of the numerical performance of some Runge-Kutta methods and New Iteration Method “NIM”  for solving first-order differential problems. The assessment is conducted through extensive numerical experiments and comparative  analyses. Accuracy, efficiency, and stability are among the key factors considered in evaluating the performance of the methods. A range  of first-order differential problems with diverse characteristics and complexity levels is employed to thoroughly examine the methods'  capabilities and limitations. The numerical investigation that is defined in the study as well as the results that are stated in the Tables,  demonstrates that all the approaches produce extremely accurate results. However, the “NIM” was shown to be the most effective of the  three methods used in this study. Conclusively, the “NIM” should be employed to solve first-order nonlinear and linear ordinary  differential equations in place of Runge-Kutta Fourth order method (RK4M) and Butcher Runge-Kutta Fifth order method (BRK5M). In  addition, BRK5M is more applicable and efficient than RK4M when solving first order ordinary differential problems.
Application of Geophysical Methods for Investigation of Groundwater Potential in Layunrun Village, Ogun State, Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Airen J.O. , Osifo J.O.
Published: January 2024

An investigation of the groundwater potential of the area for tube well construction has been conducted in Layunrun village in a typical  basement complex of Ogun State using electromagnetic and electrical resistivity techniques in geophysical exploration. Six (6)  electromagnetic profiles were used, and twenty-eight (28) Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES) were performed along some of the profiles' potential regions. The typical partial curve matching utilized to create the VES curves was examined, and the results were used to create  themed maps of the region. Within the study area, between four and six geoelectric layers were found. These layers are Topsoil,  weathered layer (clay), weathered layer, fractured basement, and fresh basement. According to the findings, a bigger percentage of the  land has an overburden thickness ranging from 9 to 17 m, with a maximum overburden of about 23 m. It also showed how well fractured  the research area is, with thicknesses of the fractures varying from about 12 m to more than 30 m. The study area has a good chance of  accumulating groundwater and, consequently, developing groundwater through digging boreholes. The outcomes also suggested that a community with similar geological settings may use the electromagnetic method in addition to the electrical resistivity method to identify  places with high groundwater potentials.
Phytate utilization using feed grade acidifiers to improve tibia composition, gut microbiology and intestinal pH of broiler chickens
Authors: Idachaba C. U. , Adeniyi A. K. , Kudor P. N. , Duru S. , Omage J. J. , Onimisi P. A. , Abdullahi I. , Adeniyi O.O.
Published: January 2024

Phytate is an anti-nutrient in feedstuffs that inhibits nutrient utilization by chelating multivalent cations and other nutrients. Hence, the need to buffer feeds to improve digestibility. Two hundred and eighty eight (288) broiler finisher chickens were used for the study. They were allotted to four treatments each replicated thrice with twenty four (24) broiler chickens per replicate in a completely randomized design. The control diet had adequate available phosphorus at 0.5% while others were sub-optimal at 0.4%. Three acidifiers; Fysal®, Acidomix® and Orgacid® were supplemented in the diets of broiler chickens in treatments two to four at 0.1%. Investigations carried out were determination of intestinal pH, tibia bone compositions and gut microbiology. Broiler chickens fed with acidified diets showed significantly (P<0.05) lower pH levels compared to those on the control diet. Tibia weight, calcium and robusticity index were significantly (P<0.05) better in broiler chickens fed with diets containing acidifier supplementation. Those broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with Fysal® showed the best results in all tibia compositions. Organic acids significantly (P<0.05) reduced Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp. and Staphylococcus sp. in the intestinal segments of broiler chickens fed with acidified diets. It was concluded that supplementation of organic acid in broiler chickens’ diets at 0.1% can reduce phytate’s chelation on fed minerals, improving bone mineralization and enhancing gut health for better performance.
Understanding the dynamics of population increase on urban governance in Enugu Metropolis
Authors: Ahumibe Felicia , Ezeodili Walter , Nze Ujunwa Lilian
Published: January 2024

The study examines the dynamics of population increase on urban governance in Nigeria with particular reference to Enugu State. The study specifically examine the effect of unemployment on urban governance in Enugu state and also ascertain the effect of increase in crime rate on urban governance in Enugu state. The theory used is push pull factor theory. Data for the study was sourced through the use of questionnaire, result of analysis showed that unemployment rate has negative effect on urban governance in Enugu state. It was also observed that over utilization of basic amenities adversely affects urban governance in Enugu state. Increases in crime rate has negative effect on urban  governance in Enugu state. Based on the findings, the study recommended that Rural-Urban drift should be addressed more at the local level that is closer to the members of the countryside, by making them understand the environment as well as the economic implication of their migration to urban centres through various public enlightenment programs. The major factor that led to rural-urban drift to a great extent, government at the state level, supported by federal, should embark on various physical development and the provision of basic infrastructural facilities, services and social amenities in rural areas. This will reduce the level ofinequalities between the urban centres and rural areas. Thus, will naturally control the rural-urban drift. To ensure environmental sustainability in cities, planting of trees is imperative. Government should embark on massive tree planting and encourage citizensto plant trees by providing free seedlings for citizens.
Application of e-governance in service delivery: A study of Federal Inland Revenue Service
Authors: Madunezim Chukwuma J , Eze Chukwukadibia C , Oredu Juliet N
Published: January 2024

The Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS) plays a pivotal role in Nigeria's fiscal landscape, responsible for collecting revenue through various taxes, including income tax, value-added tax (VAT), and corporate tax, among others. Historically, tax administration in Nigeria was marked by inefficiencies, corruption, and a lack of transparency. However, the adoption of egovernance as an important tool used in the delivery of government services to the people by leveraging It is based on this, that this study explores the application of e-governance in the Federal Inland Revenue. The study was a documentary research. Some challenges uncovered by the research include the digital divide, inadequate technology infrastructure, lack of digital literacy, cyber security threats, organizational culture, and lack of enabling legislation were discovered. In conclusion, the application of e-governance in the Federal Inland Revenue Service of Nigeria has revolutionized the nation's tax administration. It has enhanced efficiency, transparency, and revenue collection while improving taxpayer satisfaction. As Nigeria continues its journey toward digital transformation, e-governance in the FIRS stands as a testament to the positive impact of technology on governance. The paper, therefore, recommends that the government should improve internet infrastructure and access and that digital literacy programmes should be promoted to ensure the sustainability and inclusivity of e-governance initiatives .
The diagnostic performance of Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra on Pericardial, Pleural and Ascitic cohort study fluids for diagnosis of extra-pulmonary Tuberculosis at a referral hospital in Malawi
Authors: Kamponda Martin , Bickton Fanuel Meckson , Mategula Donnie , Nliwasa Marriott , Kreuels Benno , Kumwenda Johnstone
Published: January 2024

BackgroundExtra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) accounts for 15% of the 1.4 million patients with TB notified in 2019. EPTB carries a high risk of mortality and so early diagnosis and treatment are important to reduce this risk. Diagnosis of EPTB in low- and middle-income countries is challenging. This study investigated the diagnostic performance of Xpert MTB Ultra for the diagnosis of EPTB (pericardial, pleural, and ascitic fluid) in adults at a referral hospital in Malawi. MethodsAdults with suspected extra-pulmonary TB were screened for evidence of extra-pulmonary fluid and tested for TB using Xpert MTB Ultra, mycobacterial culture, and a Focused Abdominal Sonography in HIV-associated TB (FASH scan). The diagnostic performance of the Xpert MTB Ultra was compared to mycobacterial culture and a composite reference standard defined as a positive FASH scan or a positive mycobacterial culture or a clinical TB diagnosis (constitutional symptoms not otherwise explained with response to empirical TB treatment).ResultsThere were 174 patients recruited: 99/174 (57%) pleural, 70/174 (40%) ascitic and 5/174 (3%) pericardial. Overall, 10/174 (6%) had bacteriologically confirmed TB and 30/174 (17%) were started on TB treatment based on a positive FASH scan or a clinical TB diagnosis. The sensitivity and specificity of Xpert ultra compared to culture was 83% (95%CI:36%-100%) and 98% (95%CI:94%-99%), respectively. Compared to the composite reference standard, the sensitivity of Xpert Ultra was 17% (95%CI:7%-34%) and specificity was 98% (95%CI:94%-100%). ConclusionXpert MTB Ultra provides good diagnostic performance on pleural, pericardial and ascitic fluid with reference to mycobacterial culture. Improved EPTB diagnostic tests are required to improve patient outcomes. We recommend larger multi-centre studies to corroborate our findings.
Tracheobronchial variations in Pneumoconiosis cases: multidetector computed tomography diagnosis
Authors: Kalaycı Defne , Aydın Mehmet Maruf
Published: January 2024

Background Tracheobronchial variations (TBVs) are more common than previously believed due to the increasing use of multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT). This study aimed to assess TBVs in cases of pneumoconiosis, one of the oldest occupational diseases that still poses a threat to public health. Methods This was a descriptive study that involved reviewing chest MDCT images of 34 cases of pneumoconiosis and 34 control cases retrospectively from January 2020 to April 2022. Variations in the trachea, right main bronchus, left main bronchus, lobar and segmental branches of the cases in the patient and control groups were evaluated according to Boyden’s nomenclature. Results The frequency of TBV was 32.4% in pneumoconiosis cases. Although the frequency of TBV was higher in the patient group than in the control group, the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.086). Furthermore, there was no significant difference in terms of TBV classification between the patient and control groups (p=0.407). Additionally, the presence of TBV did not affect the distribution of International Labour Organization categories in pneumoconiosis cases (p=0.360).ConclusionsAlthough our study provides initial insights into the occurrence of TBVs in pneumoconiosis cases, further research is needed to clarify the relationship between these variations and the disease.
Comparison of treatment methods in plastron appendicitis: a tertiary center experience
Authors: Ozdemir Kayhan , Harmantepe Ahmet Tarik , Dulger Ugur Can , Gonullu Emre , Dikicier Enis , Bayhan Zulfu , Altintoprak Fatih
Published: January 2024

BackgroundIt is controversial which treatment method is superior in plastron appendicitis and the research is still going on. The aim of this study is to compare treatment methods for plastron appendicitis in the adult population with our experience. Materials and MethodsThe data of 92 patients who were diagnosed with plastron appendicitis in university hospital between 2015 and 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. Data were taken from the hospital database. The patients were divided into three groups: those treated with primary surgery, with interval appendectomy and only with conservative method.Results Interval appendectomy resulted in a lower rate of conversion to open surgery compared to primary surgery, shorter operative time, and lower complication rates. Surgical procedures were found to be superior in detecting neoplasms compared to conservative treatment. After conservative treatment, one of three patients was retreated with the diagnosisof acute appendicitis.ConclusionIn plastron appendicitis, routine interval appendectomy can be performed due to its advantages over other treatments such as the frequency of attacks after conservative treatment, the risk of the tumor being overlooked in conservative treatment, and the high rate of complications and conversion to open surgery in the primary surgery group.
Production and purification of water using natural based adsorbent from plantain peels
Authors: Gabi Baba , Umar H. , Yakubu Y. , Shehu B.
Published: January 2024

Activated charcoal or carbon commonly employed as filter examinant of water, and air with surface area of 300–2,000m2/g, adsorbs a wide range of impurities and contaminants. This study was undertaken to produce adsorbent from plantain peels (Natural based), for the treatment of water samples, subsequently tested. Pyrolysis activation method was adopted using H3P04 and KOH. Water samples of wells from Gonigora, boreholes from Ungwan Romi, fishponds from Kawo and Kaduna Polytechnic, river water from river Kaduna, rain, tap from Tudun Wada and Eva water from Coca-Cola were used for the analysis. Which include water treatment, pH determination, total suspended, total dissolved, and total volatile solids, colour and odour determination. The results showed activated carbon effectiveness on pH of water samples well within 7.00, for borehole, Tap, and 7.02, for pond, rain and Eva waters, while 7.10 for river water. This indicated that the adsorbent is active and compared favorably with the standard adsorbent which pH of the water samples treated were 7.00 for pond, rain, tap and Eva, while 7.02 and 7.04 for borehole and river water respectively. This validated the production of granular natural based adsorbent via pyrolysis of plantain peels at 4500C by chemical activation method. Therefore an economical adsorbent obtained naturally based as cheap, readily available waste material for future commercial purification application.
Impact of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) on nutrient uptake and the growth of C. retusa and S. occidentalis under phosphorus stress
Authors: Jere S.A. , Japhet W.S. , Iortsuun D.N. , Chia A.M.
Published: January 2024

This study investigates the influence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) on the growth of Crotallaria retusa and Senna occidentalis under three phosphorus levels (low, medium, and high). Conducted in the experimental garden of Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, the soil samples were collected from a degraded site at the Institute of Agricultural Research, sieved, and sterilized. Perforated buckets were filled with sterilized soil, and the trench method was employed for AMF application. Three phosphorus levels were tested, and seeds of C. retusa and S. occidentalis were planted in individual buckets. Daily watering and observations were carried out for twelve weeks, measuring seedling height, leaf length, width, and number of leaves. The results indicate that high phosphorus concentration (12g/bucket) constrains the growth of C. retusa, while medium concentration (6g/bucket) enhances shoot length, branches, and leaves. AMF inoculation significantly improves growth attributes, but reduced growth in C. retusa under high phosphorus suggests potential incompatibility between phosphorus and AMF. At week 6, medium phosphorus (6g/bucket) resulted in more leaves (122.17±37.61) than low and high levels. Lowest growth occurred at low phosphorus (0g/bucket). Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improved overall growth, but high phosphorus hindered C. retusa growth due to potential incompatibility with AMF. Overall, the study highlights the complex interplay between AMF, phosphorus levels, and plant growth, offering insights into optimizing conditions for the cultivation of C. retusa and S. occidentalis.
Depth estimation for geothermal reconnaissance deduced from aeromagnetic data over the Mambilla plateau and environs, Taraba State, Northeastern Nigeria
Authors: Yohanna Andarawus , Likkason Othniel Kamfani , Maigari Abubakar Sadiq , Sani Ali , Iyakwari Shekwonyadu , Abubakar Adamu , Iliya Mamidak Miner , Ori Rawen Barnabas , Ombugu Gideon
Published: January 2024

The geothermal gradient, heat flow and Curie point depth (CPD) were calculated using aeromagnetic data to assess their viability in terms of energy generation around Mambilla plateau and environ, Northeast, Nigeria. Each block of spectral plot was used to determine the depths to the top boundary (Zt), to bottom (Zb) and centroid (Zo). Empirical formula was used to calculate the geothermal gradient, Curie Point Depth (CPD) and heat flow in the area. The resulting depth measurements were then consider as the area's geothermal gradient, heat flow, and curie point depths (CPD). Two CPD locations with geothermal potential are described in the results: areas with shallow curie point depths (0.11-1.72 km) and areas with deeper curie point depths (0.34-4.46 km). The geothermal gradients measured range from 46.22 to 121.620oCkm-1, while the measured heat-flow values range from 139.16 to 304.05 mWm-2 . This study also reveals how complex magmatic and tectonic linkages of large intrusions and fault systems, particularly the Chain faults that may have extended into the study area, are related to geothermal systems. A common CPD of 3oC100m-1 or 30oCKm-1 and average thermal conductivity values ranging from 105.68 to 227.63mWm-2 are considered to have a good potential for geothermal energy. This result have strong and positive correlation with what is obtained in some countries were geothermal energy is been utilized for power generation. The potential for geothermal energy resources in the area is therefore very high. The study's most important and practical finding is that the area has good potentials for geothermal energy resources, which could be used to compliment the Government-owned Mambilla Hydro-Electric Power Plant, as a reliable renewable energy source.
Investigation of a one-step hybrid algorithm towards the solution of first order linear and nonlinear initial-value problems of ordinary differential equations (FOLNIVP)
Authors: Kamoh N.M. , Dang B.C. , Soomiyol M.C.
Published: January 2024

The aim of developing any numerical method is to complement the challenges inherent in obtaining the analytical solution of a differential equation, if at all a closed form solution does exist. In this study we present a one-step implicit code of order eight block algorithms for the purpose of utilizing data at points other than a whole step number. The major advantage of hybrid method is that they possess remarkably small error constants which translate to better approximation. These methods constitute a class of methods whose computational potentialities have probably not yet been fully exploited. Therefore, the performance of the derived block hybrid algorithm is investigated using some numerical examples for the purpose of demonstrating its validity and applicability. The results obtained revealed that the algorithm is suitable for solving first order linear and nonlinear initial value problems (IVPs) of ordinary differential equations.
A two-parameter estimator for correlated regressors in gamma regression model
Authors: Idowu Janet Iyabo , Fasoranbaku Akin Soga , Ayinde Kayode
Published: January 2024

Gamma Modified Two Parameter (GMTP) is a novel biased two-parameter estimator proposed to address the effects of multicollinearity in Generalized Linear Models (GLMs). An expansion of the linear regression model's Modified Two Parameters (MTP) is the newly suggested estimator. The performance of the GMTP estimator over the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE), gamma ridge estimator (GRE), gamma Liu estimator (GLE), and gamma Liu-type estimator (GLTE) reviewed in this article are theoretically compared, and the estimator's properties is discussed. A simulation study that examine the effects of the dispersion parameter, sample size, explanatory variables, and degree of correlation are used to examine the superiority of the GMTP with four different biasing parameters over the MLE, GRE, GLE, and GLTE with regard to the estimated MSE criterion. The GMTP estimator with biasing parameters and outperforms the MLE, GRE, GLE, and GLTE, according to simulation research. More research can be done to see how well the GMTP estimator performs in comparison to other estimators that were not examined in this study. 2 k 4 k
Clinical effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with laparoscopic surgery for patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Ma Hong-yan , Zhou Yu-hui , Gao Lian-zhong , Du Jun-dong
Published: January 2024

Purpose: To assess the clinical effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in combination with laparoscopic surgery in treating progressive colorectal cancer.

Methods: 90 patients with colorectal cancer admitted to Hebei Yanda Hospital, Hebei Langfang, China between December 2020 and December 2021 were enrolled. The patients were randomly grouped into control and study groups. Control group underwent laparoscopic surgery while the study group underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy in addition to laparoscopic surgery. Gastrointestinal function recovery time, tumor control effect, tumor marker level, and adverse reactions were investigated and compared between the two groups.

Results: Time to anal exhaust, time to first defecation, time to first solid food intake, and time to recover to normal bowel sounds were earlier in the study group compared to control group (p < 0.05). Study group exhibited a greater overall rate of tumor control response., while the rate of tumor lymphatic metastasis was also significant (p < 0.05). After treatment, the study group exhibited significantly lower levels of tumor markers compared to control group (p < 0.05). The occurrence of adverse reactions was not significant between the two groups (p > 0.05).

Conclusion: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in conjunction with laparoscopic surgery in the treatment of progressive rectal cancer improves patient outcomes and enhances prognosis.