bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of time of committing nearest malicious attack in information security system using apparatus of rare regenerating processes
Authors: Popov Georgiy Aleksandrovich , Popova Ekaterina Aleksandrovna
Published: April 2020

The paper analyzes the model that describes the process of attacking the protected object, where closed information is stored, the model built on the basis of the apparatus of regenerating sequences of the successful completion of malicious attacks. The moments of the attacks are considered in detail. It is assumed that attacks originating from a single source are rare enough, have an isolated singled character and are quite distant in time, that is, the event of a successful attack is a rare event, but the losses upon its successful completion can be huge. For the studied characteristic there is chosen a nearest moment when the next attack is successful: this characteristic is very important with relation to the information security. Knowing the parameters of this characteristic will help, at appropriate time intervals, to take additional actions that increase the level of protection. Studies are conducted under the assumption that all characteristics of the model are heterogeneous, which more adequately corresponds to the real state in information security systems. There has been obtained an asymptotic relation for the moment of the next successful malicious attack under conditions when the time interval for analyzing the attack is constantly rising and the probability of attack is becoming less common, both values changing consistently.
Application of generalized method of least modules in problems of processing and analysing images
Authors: Surin Vladimir Anatolevich , Tyrsin Alexander Nikolaevich
Published: April 2020

The article describes the use of nonlinear smoothing filter for image processing and analysis. Description of the model of the smoothing filter based on the generalized method of the least absolute values is given. The filter constructed on the basis of the offered model efficiently reduces the noise on brightness difference. Along with noise reduction in the contrast images, this method can be used for the solving problems of machine vision, medical diagnostics, etc. It has been found that nonlinear filtration on the basis of the generalized method of the least modules allows to solve such problems as clarification of the boundaries of contrast objects and segmentation of the image. There has been shown the possibility of recovering the boundaries of the images in which the contrast borders were blurry. X-ray image of an animal hand with defocusing was used as an example. After filtering, the contrast boundary was restored to the place where it was originally located. When processing a fluorography image, the filter removed various artifacts from the image and increased the contrast. Removal of artifacts along with the recoveries of the boundaries of contrast objects improves the overall “readability” of the fluorography image and also allows seeing earlier not distinguishable details on the image. Examples of the filter application in the clustering problem using the k-means algorithm are given. Due to the lack of this algorithm, applying it directly to the image does not give an acceptable result. However, after processing the original image with a nonlinear filter, the application of the k-means algorithm yields the desired result.
Forest fire hazard assessment by clustering and using neural networks under unstability and uncertainty
Authors: Stankevich Tatiana Sergeevna
Published: April 2020

The paper focuses on the data on forest fires and identification of key natural and anthropogenic factors that are crucial for forest management, especially, for developing and implementing the fire safety measures. In recent decades, there have been observed the increased environmental, social and economic losses from the forest fires on a global scale, which has required stepped-up fire-fighting surveillance, especially in the preventive forest fire risk assessment. In all the variety of modern approaches aimed at assessing the fire hazards to the forests and taking into account the effecting environmental factors, most of them are based on simplified calculations and do not take into account different factors, mainly anthropological ones. The purpose of the study is to assess the forest fire risk depending on the environmental factors by using cluster analysis in conditions of instability and uncertainty. It could help applying the integrated approach to forest fire risk assessing in order to take into account both natural and anthropogenic factors in difficult conditions. To assess the forest fire risk, there were used the data obtained by MODIS spectroradiometer from January 1, 2014 to November 24, 2019: latitude; longitude; acquisition time and date. The following parameters were used as additional: Fire Weather Index; minimum distance to an inhabited locality; minimum distance to the road (highway or railway); minimum distance to the water area; holiday / day off; potential value. According to the results of the spatial distribution of forest fires and taking into account the data on the environmental factors there have been formed three clusters; there has been revealed a key relationship between the probability of a forest fire and proximity to the inhabited locality. There has been submitted the index of forest fire risk assessment (the Fire Weather and Human Index (FWHI)) based on the natural and anthropogenic impacts. Identification of social and biophysical aspects of the community exposure to fires and the adaptation of the existing fire prevention strategy will improve the forest fire safety system.
REKONSTRUKSI PERAN PESANTREN UNTUK KEMANDIRIAN DAN PENGUATAN CIVIL SOCIETY
Authors: Halim Wahyuddin
Published: April 2020

Pesantren merupakan Institusi Islam yang paling asli sebagai warisan tradisi pendidikan Islam di Nusantara. Secara internal, pesantren merupakan institusi di mana transmisi keilmuan Islam berlangsung, sementara secara eksternal, ia merupakan isntitusi yang memiliki hubungan sosial yang sangat kuat dengan dunia luar.Karena itu, perlu dilihat peran pesantren dalam mendorong kemandirian dan penguatan masyarakat sipil. Melalui pendekatan sosiologis, artikel ini lebih banyak melihat pesantren sebagai institusi sosial yang harus memiliki peran besar dalam membangun masyarakat sipil. Berdasarkan analisis terhadap peran-peran pesantren dalam masyarakat, ditemukan bahwa peran pesantren sebagai pembentuk watak keagamaan tidak dapat diabaikan. Akan tetapi posisi pesantren sebagai institusi pendidikan Islam di samping institusi pendidikan umum telah mengalami kemunduran yang cukup signifikan dilihat dari menurunnya minat masyarakat untuk menyekolahkan anak-anaknya di pesantren. Karena itu, pesantren perlu mengembalikan peran-peran yang dalam sejarahnya sebagai pelopor kemandirian bangsa dan penguatan masyarakat sipil. Langkah-langkah menuju ke arah itu antara lain melalui revitalisasi pesantren sebagai agen kearifan lokal dan membuka jaringan dengan lembaga-lembaga sosial lainnya seperti NGO, lembaga pemerintah atau lembaga lainnya agar pesantren dapat mengesampingkan predikatnya yang selama ini disandangnya yaitu "ketinggalan zaman'.Keywords: Pesantren, Kyai, Panrita, Anregurutta, Tradisional, Modern
Cendekiawan dan Kekuasaan Perspektif Yudi Latif
Authors: Wulandari Andi Awwaliyah , Karim Syahrir , Natsir Muhammad
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang perspektif Yudi Latif terkait cendekiawan dan kekuasaan. Untuk mengetahui konstruksi pemikiran Yudi Latif mengenai cendekiawan dan kekuasaan serta mengetahui pandangannya tentang fenomena hubungan cendekiawan dan kekuasaan. Jenis penelitian ini studi tokoh dengan menggunakan metode pengumpulan data library research. Menurut Yudi Latif bahwa cendekiawan adalah sesuatu yang abstrak dapat dikatakan sebagai intelektual ataupun intelegensia. Sedangkan kekuasaan adalah suatu daya atau kekuatan yang diperlukan oleh manusia dan tidak ada kehidupan tanpa kekuasaan. Bentuk fenomenanya dalam cendekiawan dan kekuasaan mengalami kemunduran dimana kaum intelektual dijadikan sebagai alat oleh para pemilik modal.
Implementasi Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2017 Tentang Pemilihan Umum Di Kota Makassar: Studi Bawaslu Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan
Authors: Jaya Aslang , Syamsuddin Darussalam , Alimuddin Alimuddin
Published: April 2020

Studi ini membahas tentang sejauhmana peran Bawaslu Provinsi Sulawesi-Selatan dalam menerapkan Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2017 tentang Pemilihan Umum untuk meminimalisir pelanggaran Pemilu di Kota Makassar. Jenis Penelitian ini ialah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif lapangan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengumpulkan sejumlah data yang diperoleh dari informan di lapangan untuk menemukan berbagai fakta atau fenomena sosial, kemudian menganalisisnya dan berupaya melakukan teorisasi berdasarkan apa yang diamati. Lokasi Penelitian dilakukan di Kota Makassar. Lokasi ini dipilih karena memiliki semua aspek pendukung agar dapat berjalan dengan baik dan Kota Makassar terkenal sebagai daerah sentral politik di Sulawesi Selatan.
The Position Of Islam In Foreign Policy During President Joko Widodo's Government (2014-2019)
Authors: Erianto Erianto
Published: April 2020

Indonesia is the 4th  most largest population in the world, 87% of 260 million people in Indonesia is a Muslim. Indonesia is the country with the largest Muslim religion in the world, but Indonesia is not a Islamic State. Domestic political conditions influence on foreign policy. Indirectly, what happens in the country influences foreign policy issued. The author use a qualitative methodology to analyze the issue. So, the result of this research is to show the extent to which Islam influenced Indonesia's foreign policy,especially during the President Jokowi government. About how the style of President Jokowi's government in responding to domestic issues that attacked the government. This study also discusses how interest groups bring their interests to influence a policy that is produced.
KETAKSAMAAN JUMLAHAN SINUS PANGKAT 2^n YANG BERLAKU PADA SEGITIGA LANCIP
Authors: Nasyiitoh Hikma Khilda
Published: April 2020

Let \alpha, \beta, \gamma  are angles in acute triangle ABC and a,b,c  are the length of the triangle. By using the sine of angles as the relationship between the length of triangle and the radius of the circle circumscribed about a plane triangle, will be proven the sum inequality of quadratic sine in acute triangle. Then, by using the quadratic sum inequality of the sides of triangle will be extended for the case of the sum inequality of sine of order 2^n  in acute triangle.
PENGGUNAAN SOFTWARE CABRI 3D DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN VISUALISASI SPASIAL MATEMATIS SISWA
Authors: Adirakasiwi Alpha Galih , Warmi Attin
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this study was to improve the mathematical spatial visualization ability of SMK (vocational high school) students through learning with Cabri 3D software on space geometry material. The study used quasi experimental method with posttest control group design. Experiments were conducted in two classes each used learning with Cabri 3D software, and conventional learning. The population used in this study was the students of class XI TKJ 2 SMK Rosma with 30 students as samples. Data collection techniques used in this study included spatial visualization ability test, the observation of students dan teachers’ activities, and students’ response questionnaire to learning with Cabri 3D software. The results of data analysis showed that learning used Cabri 3D software provided an improvement to the ability of mathematical spatial visualization on space geometry material. Learning with 3D cabri software had a positive impact between students’ activities and students' mathematical spatial visualization.
MEWUJUDKAN PENDIDIKAN DALAM KELUARGA MUSLIM YANG VISIONER
Authors: Lisnawati Lisnawati
Published: April 2020

Family is the smallest unit in society and as one of the social institutions in society. Family as a social system has the duty and function to make the system works. The function of education becomes one of the most important functions of a family. Education of family provides the first experience that is an important factor in the children's personal development, as well as the first and main education of the children. Islam as a religion that regulates all aspects of human life does neglect out to regulate about education in the family. Islamic education is part of an effort to instill the values of Islamic teachings in its followers. Islam places the family as the foundation of Islamic values. Activities of islamic education in order to build the muslim personality have to start early, in the family environment. Visionary families will make their lives more organized and prepared for the challenges of life in the future, including will be able to build a family that generates a superior generation. To realize the education of visionary muslim family, Islam guides to start early, even since choosing a partner of life, children care since the womb, continuously going on the process of growth and education in the family.
KURIKULUM PENDIDIKAN BERBASIS TAUHID: Landasan Filosofis dan Manajemen Kurikulum SMP ar-Rohmah Putri Boarding School Malang
Authors: Umiarso Umiarso , Mawardianti Indri
Published: April 2020

Tauhid is the main core and the main foundation of Islamic teachings that need to be reflected in the world of education. Therefore, monotheism-based education into all activities includes coaching, fostering and developing students' self-potential that comes from God. So this research is focused on the discussion of the construction of a monotheism-based education curriculum applied by Ar-Rohmah Putri Middle School Malang Boarding School along with its management (management). This research uses a qualitative approach that is a type of case study with in-depth interviews and participant observation as data collection techniques. While analyzing data, researchers used the interactive models of Miles and Hubermann. This research concludes, curriculum construction in the institution refers to the systematic revelation as the basis of tauhid-based education. The foundation is seen from the typology of the philosophy of Islamic education including the category of Tawhid-based Social Reconstruction. Curriculum management includes the planning process by formulating a mission and goal vision; organizing is focused on the integration of religion and science; its application includes the values of monotheism and the views of Islam into subjects; and evaluating using adab evaluation.
Tourist perceptions and attitudes regarding the impacts of climate change on Victoria Falls
Authors: Dube Kaitano , Nhamo Godwell
Published: April 2020

Tourist perceptions are critical in shaping tourism development at a destination. Regardless of the centrality and vulnerability of the tourism industry, tourism geographers have been shying away from perception studies, and more so in Africa. Some of the destinations most vulnerable to climate change and related weather activities are water-based natural resorts. Recent droughts have ignited an intense debate that has brought the future viability of tourism in Victoria Falls into question. Using a mixed-method approach, the study sought to document tourist perceptions and attitudes regarding the impact and future of the Victoria Falls World Heritage Site. It emerged that Victoria Falls is categorised as a last-chance tourism destination. Going forward there is need for continuous resort monitoring, tourism product diversification, and transparency and proper communication, particularly during years of extreme droughts, in order to avoid tourism disruption. Climate change action is a must for all tourism stakeholders to save the resort.
Demographic implications of transiting from segregation to integration: a focus on education issues in Buffalo City, South Africa
Authors: Siyongwana Pakama , Chanza Nelson
Published: April 2020

The study aims at interrogating the transformation of education in Buffalo City following integration of East London with its black townships. This paper is largely framed from a quantitative paradigm that draws from statistical data in linking population changes with educational patterns in the study area. Census data was used to trace population changes in post-apartheid South Africa, while performance in education was informed by matriculation results. Quantitative data were complemented with key informants’ qualitative opinions. The results indicate that the quality of education in former “white” schools is better than that of “township” schools. There are several pull factors that attract township learners to former white schools, albeit with integration challenges. The study concludes that if these challenges are masked to education planners and policy makers, they militate against the envisioned liberalisation of the democratic education system.
Adaptive Traction Drive Control Algorithm for Electrical Energy Consumption Minimisation of Autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
Authors: Korneyev Aleksandr , Gorobetz Mikhail , Alps Ivars , Ribickis Leonids
Published: April 2020

The paper aims at researching and developing an adaptive control system algorithm and its implementation and integration in the control system of the existing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The authors describe the mathematical model of UAV and target function for energy consumption minimisation and possible searching algorithms for UAV optimal control from an energy efficiency perspective. There are two main goals: to minimise energy consumption and to develop and investigate an adaptive control algorithm for UAV traction drive in order to increase energy efficiency.

The optimal control algorithm is based on two target function values, when comparing and generating corresponding control signals. The main advantage of the proposed algorithm is its unification and usability in any electrical UAV with a different number of traction drives, different or variable mass and other configuration differences without any initial manual setup. Any electric UAV is able to move with maximal energy efficiency using the proposed algorithm.
Effects of Oral Branched‐Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs) Intake on Muscular and Central Fatigue During an Incremental Exercise
Authors: AbuMoh’d Mohammad Fayiz , Matalqah Laila , Al-Abdulla Zainalabidden
Published: April 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of oral branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) intake on muscular (creatine kinase and myoglobin) and central (serotonin) fatigue during an incremental exercise protocol and to determine the time to exhaustion. Sixteen male long-distance runners (25.7 ± 2.0 yrs) performed two trials, 14 days apart. Using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised crossover design, participants ingested either 20 g of BCAAs (BCAA trial) or a placebo 1 hour prior to performing an incremental exercise session on a treadmill. The starting speed was 8 km/h and this was increased by 1 km/h every 5 minutes until volitional exhaustion. Blood analysis indicated that plasma levels of serotonin were lower in the BCAA trial (259.3 ± 13.5 ng/ml) than the placebo trial (289.1 ± 14.5 ng/ml) (p < 0.05). There was a similar pattern of results for free fatty acid (p < 0.05). The creatine kinase level was higher in the BCAA trial (346.1 ± 33.7 U/L) than the placebo trial (307.3 ± 30.2 U/L). No significant difference between trials was observed regarding the level of myoglobin (p = 0.139). Time to exhaustion was longer in the BCAA trial (50.4 ± 2.3 min) than the placebo trial (46.6 ± 3.2 min). In conclusion, oral intake of 20 g of BCAAs 1 hour prior to an incremental treadmill exercise session increased time to exhaustion, probably due to the reduction in serotonin concentration. As myoglobin levels were within the normal range in both trials, we conclude that the participants did not reach muscular fatigue.
Assessing Change of Direction Ability in a Spanish Elite Soccer Academy
Authors: Arcos Asier Los , Aramendi José F. , Emparanza Jose I. , Castagna Carlo , Yanci Javier , Lezáun Alejandro , Martínez-Santos Raúl
Published: April 2020

The aims of the study were: a) to analyze the reproducibility of the Modified Agility Test (MAT) according to two types of displacement (i.e. constrained [MATtop] vs. free [MATfree]), b) to examine the explanatory capacity of anthropometric characteristics and neuromuscular performance on the ability to change the direction (CODA), c) to look into the practical consequences of the types of displacement from the perspective of an elite soccer academy. 118 male soccer players (age: 16 (13-25) years old) from the same elite Spanish soccer academy (U13 to senior) were tested twice on two versions of the MAT (MATtop and MATfree), with 48 hours between testing sessions. Moreover, they were tested on linear-sprint performance, over 5 m (S5m) and 15 m (S15m), and the vertical jump (VJ) (countermovement jump with [ACMJ] and without an arm swing [CMJ]). The main findings were: a) the type of displacement did not affect the reliability of the CODA test; b) weight, S15m, ACMJ and CMJ variables explained close to 60% of CODA performance; c) MATtop (i.e. constrained displacement) and MATfree (i.e. free-displacement) CODA tests could show different profiles of development along the age groups; and d) the impact of the task’s constraints was relatively higher in U16 and U17 groups. CODA seems to have a variable meaning depending on the characteristics of the test and the age of the participants.
Posibles efectos de la campaña de salud alimentaria: Chécate, mídete, muévete en estudiantes universitarios en Cuajimalpa, México
Authors: Ontiveros-Jiménez Manuel
Published: April 2020

Objetivo: analizar los posibles efectos de la campaña Chécate, mídete, muévete en estudiantes universitarios de Cuajimalpa. La campaña asume que los problemas de peso se deben a una falta de información. Metodología: se parte del supuesto de que quienes desean tener un peso saludable deben conocer su propio peso corporal. Se usa una muestra de 512 estudiantes universitarios (230 mujeres) para evaluar la importancia del peso declarado, los hábitos de ingesta de alimentos, las opiniones sobre la autoimagen, actividad física, la salud y los antecedentes familiares de obesidad, sobre el peso observado de los participantes. Se utilizan regresiones de Mínimos Cuadrados Ordinarios para estimar empíricamente la relación señalada. Resultados: el 49.1 % de las mujeres expresó interés por saber su peso, así como el 50,4% de los hombres. El conocimiento del peso propio fue un determinante significativo del peso corporal para las mujeres y para quienes se encontraron dentro de los niveles saludables de IMC. Limitaciones: la muestra es representativa sólo de la población de la universidad donde se tomó, y que no permite hacer inferencias sobre otras poblaciones. Conclusiones: la campaña estudiada, pudo ser efectiva para las mujeres y las personas que tienen un peso saludable, pero no para los hombres, ni para las personas con obesidad, sobre peso y déficit de peso.
Entre la vulnerabilidad y la invisibilidad científica. Estudio sobre los aportes de las ciencias sociales a la investigación sobre ganadería caprina en México
Authors: Anzaldo-Montoya Mónica
Published: April 2020

Objetivo: aportar una revisión y un balance de la investigación social sobre ganadería caprina producida en la última década, en donde se examinan los enfoques, metodologías, localidades de estudio, desde los cuales los científicos sociales han abordado el tema, lo cual no se había realizado. Metodología: se generó un corpus de artículos de Web of Science y Scopus. Resultados: se encontró que la ganadería caprina ha sido estudiada principalmente desde el enfoque socioeconómico, seguido del de gestión de la tecnología y la innovación y escasos estudios con un enfoque crítico. Limitaciones: el estudio se enfoca solamente a la producción académica nacional. Conclusiones: la ganadería caprina se encuentra muy alejada de la investigación social en donde la literatura existente se centra en los aspectos productivos y menos en las familias productoras, lo cual contribuye a que las problemáticas de estos productores permanezcan fuera del debate público.
2030/alimentación, agricultura y desarrollo rural en América Latina y el Caribe. Nueva definición de lo rural en América Latina y el Caribe. “Estudio cuantitativo y conceptual sobre la ruralidad en el siglo XXI”
Authors: Uribe-Cortez Jaime
Published: April 2020

Objetivo: presentar al lector una reflexión sobre la estructura de la obra con algunas características esenciales. Metodología: es cualitativa con tendencia a la descripción de las principales ideas y las principales partes que le constituyen. Resultados: se refieren a aportar los argumentos principales que detenta el documento y que se resume en establecer un análisis pormenorizado del territorio y de la idea de lo rural. Limitaciones: estriban en que no es posible hacer un análisis de los treinta y tres documentos que enmarcan está obra, que son parte de la idea generadora que ha provocado la existencia del concepto de ruralidad, su nexo con el territorio y la condición general de la población. Conclusiones: estriban en que es menester dar cuenta de la evolución de las nociones de ruralidad y territorio con sus expresiones y sus características para comprender cómo evolucionan los contextos rurales.
Burnout in Portuguese physiotherapists, prevalence and influencing factors
Authors: Seixas Aderito , Marques Teresa , Moreira-Silva Isabel , Azevedo Joana , Ventura Nuno , Rodrigues Sandra
Published: April 2020

Psychological stress can be viewed as occurring when demands exceed an individual's adaptive capacity. Burnout is an occupational syndrome defined by three dimensions, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and feelings of low personal accomplishment. Factors related to the nature of the physiotherapy practice, in which health care is provided to patients under painful experiences and chronical conditions, to aspects related to emotional fatigue brought by interpersonal exchanges or physical exhaustion due to staff shortage, within an increasingly demanding health care system, expose physiotherapists to a higher risk of burnout and few studies have examined burnout in this specific setting.  Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of burnout in Portuguese physiotherapists and to explore possible associations between burnout and demographic and work-related variables. Significant but weak association was found between age and emotional exhaustion, and between clinical experience and emotional exhaustion and global burnout score. Weak association was also found between the number of treated patients daily and daily working hours and physical fatigue and global burnout. Workload was associated with significantly higher scores of physical fatigue, cognitive weariness and global burnout. The prevalence of burnout was not high but significant differences were found in the prevalence of physical fatigue between the group with low workload and high workload. Emotional exhaustion was the most relevant predictor of the global burnout score. In conclusion, the results suggest that the prevalence of burnout in Portuguese physiotherapists is not very high, however, workload seems to place these professionals at a higher risk of developing burnout.
Effects of safety and health training in metalworking small-sized enterprises
Authors: Barros Beatriz , Dores Artemisa , Rodrigues Matilde
Published: April 2020

Safety and health training is an essential tool to reduce occupational accidents and diseases. However, the method applied is critical for the effect of a training programme in Occupational Safety & Health (OSH) related outcomes. Additionally, studies about the appropriateness of OSH training methods involving small-sized enterprises are scarce. This study aims to compare the effect of two training methods when applied in metalworking small-sized enterprises: an active method, with group discussion, and an expository method, with formal exposure. The effect of these two methods was assessed at the level of risk perception (perceptions of susceptibility, severity, barriers and benefits), safety behaviour (safety compliance and safety participation) and OSH knowledge. A sample of 212 workers was divided in three groups: one experimental group and two control groups (passive and active). In order to evaluate the effect of safety and health training in the different dependent variables, a questionnaire was applied before and one month after the training sessions. The results showed that safety and health training had a positive, but limited, effect on the variables under study. Significant differences were found between both moments for perception of susceptibility and OSH knowledge. However, no significant differences between both training methods after the intervention were observed in this study.
The use of surface electromyography in assessing the effectiveness of manual therapy: a systematic review
Authors: Santiago Rui , Santos Baptista J. , Magalhães André , Torres Costa J.
Published: April 2020

Research on the use of surface electromyography (sEMG) for analyzing the effects of Manual Therapy (MT) seems to have very dispersed intentions. The development of data collection protocols using sEMG might not be stable for conducting clinical studies. This study aimed to evaluate the current literature using surface sEMG in the context of MT and verify if it is a useful tool to verify its effectiveness. Also, to assess the methodologic quality and reporting standards and make a reflective analysis of how this technique has been used for this treatment modality. A computerized search was performed in May 2017 and repeated in June 2018, the search was performed in 8 electronic databases following PRISMA protocol. Thirty-one papers were included. More and better-designed studies are needed to create improved protocols. Further exploration and validation of these protocols may help to conduct more reliable clinically driven trials and it may inform policymakers of the role of MT in health care. The detection of clinically meaningful electrical alterations in muscles seems to be the main objective of most authors. Several sEMG items were not reported, and overall methodology quality was low.
On Future Occupational Safety and Health Challenges
Authors: Lindholm Maria , Reiman Arto , Väyrynen Seppo
Published: April 2020

Occupational safety and health (OSH) have constantly changed and evolved throughout the industrial revolutions and in recent years. The aim of this systematic literature review was to give an overview of future OSH challenges in industrialized countries. A search within the Scopus database returned 31 peer-reviewed journal articles published since 2014 on new and emerging OSH risks and challenges in the future. A review of articles identified future overall OSH challenges, OSH challenges caused by climate change, and OSH challenges related to sustainable development and responsibility. In addition, branch-specific challenges in industries and health care were determined. Individual employees can experience a wide range of OSH challenges from heat stress to poison absorption, musculoskeletal disorders, increased psychosocial load, ergonomic issues, and unexpected accidents and injuries. OSH management is discussed and future studies proposed.
Mandibular advancement devices: a real alternative to CPAP therapy?
Authors: Silva Helena Patrícia Campos da , Maligno Francisco , Pinho João Carlos , Pinho Olívia
Published: April 2020

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by interruption of breath during sleep. OSAS is related to hypertension, type II diabetes and obesity. This disease has various implications on patient’s quality of life. The gold standard for OSAS treatment is continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Due to the high level of patients that complain about CPAP therapy, mandibular advancement devices could play an important role in OSAS treatment. Objectives: The purpose of this review is to appraise scientific evidence concerning the effectiveness of Mandibular Advancement Devices (MADs) for OSAS treatment and look over MADs designs that are currently being used scanning for its efficacy. Data sources: Five databases will be accessed (SCOPUS, PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct and Wiley Online Library) and 6 keywords will be combined. Study eligibility and criteria: This systematic review will only include study’s developed with humans diagnosed with OSAS and with more than eighteen years old. English is the only language accepted. Study appraisal and synthesis methods: Studies assessment will be made by two authors (HCS and FM) and organized in three different parts: screen all articles; screen all abstracts, screen all full texts. In all phases articles that don’t have interest for this systematic review will be excluded. Two review authors (HCS and FM) will also assess the risk of bias and the quality of evidence, taking as a reference the Cochrane Collaboration’s Tool.
KONSEP-KONSEP LOKAL YANG MELATARBELAKANGI SISTEM PENGHAWAAN DAN PENCAHAYAAN RUMAH TRADISIONAL DI DUSUN PUCUNG, JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Hardy I Gusti Ngurah Wiras
Published: April 2020

Pucung merupakan salah satu dusun yang menjadi bagian dari pengembangan situs purbakala Sangiran di Jawa Tengah. Warga dusun masih hidup secara tradisional di dalam rumah sederhana, namun memiliki ruang, bentuk, dan sistem yang khas. Salah satunya adalah sistem penghawaan dan pencahayaan pada rumah tinggal yang minim bukaan, sehingga berbeda dengan standar rumah tinggal masa sekarang. Hal ini menarik untuk diteliti karena diduga terdapat konsep-konsep lokal yang melatarbelakangi sistem tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif-kualitatif untuk mendeskripsikan konsep-konsep lokal yang melatarbelakangi sistem penghawaan dan pencahayaan pada rumah tradisional di Dusun Pucung. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi lapangan, wawancara mendalam, dan studi literatur yang dianalisis dengan teknik induktif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, terdapat empat konsep yang melatarbelakangi sistem penghawaan dan pencahayaan pada rumah warga, yaitu: (1) rumah sebagai tempat perlindungan, (2) rumah sebagai domain keluarga, (3) tingkat penghawaan dan pencahayaan dalam rumah menunjukan tingkat privasi dan kesakralan ruang, dan (4) wujud keharmonisan dengan alam sekitar.LOCAL CONCEPTS IN AIR CIRCULATION AND LIGHTING SYSTEM OF TRADITIONAL HOUSE IN PUCUNG VILLAGE, CENTRAL JAVAPucung is one of a village in Sangiran, Central Java. It also part of an archaeology site development in that area. Pucung society lived traditionally in simple house construction. However, it supported by a unique style of rooms, shapes, and system values. Some of the uniqueness are the air circulation and lighting system in their house with limited ventilation, which seems different from modern house standard. The assumption of local concepts that might influence the construction system is interesting to be studied. This research uses a descriptive-qualitative method to describe the local concepts of air circulation and lighting systems that applicated in a traditional house in Pucung Village. The research data is collected through field-observation, in-depth interviews, and literature studies. All of them, then treated in inductive technique analysis. In general, there are four concepts result as the background of air circulation and lighting system in Pucung traditional house construction, such as (1) house as a shelter, (2) house as a family domain, (3) level of air circulation and lighting system inside the house refer to a privacy level and sanctity of the room, and (4) a form of harmony with the natural surroundings.
IDENTIFIKASI MODEL ADAPTASI BENCANA DI KAWASAN SENG HIE DAN DESA SUNGAI KAKAP
Authors: Gultom Bontor Jumaylinda Br , Jati Dian Rahayu , Andi Andi
Published: April 2020

Kenyataan adanya bencana banjir akibat air pasang tinggi tahunan di kawasan waterfront tidak membuat kawasan tersebut menjadi tidak layak huni. Kawasan Seng Hie dan Desa Sungai Kakap merupakan kawasan waterfront yang menjadi permukiman yang bertahan dan beradaptasi dari dulu hingga sekarang. Bangunan di dua kawasan ini beradaptasi dan mengalami renovasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi bentuk model adaptasi dari segi elemen bangunan dan perilaku. Dalam penelitiani ini, elemen bangunan dibatasi hanya pada elemen selubung bangunan saja yang terdiri dari lantai, dinding, dan atap. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan teknik triangulasi (observasi, wawancara dan studi dokumentasi). Objek penelitian ini adalah 15 rumah di Kawasan Seng Hie dan 25 rumah di Desa Sungai Kakap yang ditentukan dalam segmen-segmen kawasan. Objek ini dipilih secara random sebagai sampel dari tiap segmen kawasan. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah ditemukan 5 jenis model adaptasi bencana yang dimana masing-masing model memiliki kombinasi adaptasi bangunan dan adaptasi perilaku yang berbeda-beda. IDENTIFICATION OF DISASTER ADAPTATION MODELS IN SENG HIE AND SUNGAI KAKAP The fact that there was a flood due to annual high tides in the waterfront area did not make the area uninhabitable. Seng Hie and Sungai Kakap Village are waterfront areas that have become settlements which survived and adapted from the past until now. Buildings in these two areas are changing and undergoing renovation. This study aims to identify forms of adaptation models in terms of building elements and behavior. In this study, the building elements are limited to the building envelope consisting of floors, walls, and roofs. The method in this study is a qualitative method. Data collection techniques in this research are triangulation techniques (observation, interviews and documentation study). The objects of this study were 15 houses in the Seng Hie area and 25 houses in Sungai Kakap Village, which were determined in regional segments. This object is chosen randomly as a sample of each regional segment. The results of this study are found 5 types of disaster adaptation models in which each model has a different combination of building adaptation and behavior adaptation.
Oncogenic ALKF1174L drives tumorigenesis in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Gualandi Marco , Iorio Maria , Engeler Olivia , Serra-Roma André , Gasparre Giuseppe , Schulte Johannes H , Hohl Daniel , Shakhova Olga
Published: April 2020

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common skin cancer characterized by increased mortality. Here, we show for the first time that anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), a receptor tyrosine kinase of the insulin receptor superfamily, plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of cSCC. Our data demonstrate that the overexpression of the constitutively active, mutated ALK, ALKF1174L, is sufficient to initiate the development of cSCC and is 100% penetrant. Moreover, we show that cSCC development upon ALKF1174L overexpression is independent of the cell-of-origin. Molecularly, our data demonstrate that ALKF1174L cooperates with oncogenic KrasG12D and loss of p53, well-established events in the biology of cSCC. This cooperation results in a more aggressive cSCC type associated with a higher grade histological morphology. Finally, we demonstrate that Stat3 is a key downstream effector of ALKF1174L and likely plays a role in ALKF1174L-driven cSCC tumorigenesis. In sum, these findings reveal that ALK can exert its tumorigenic potential via cooperation with multiple pathways crucial in the pathogenesis of cSCC. Finally, we show that human cSCCs contain mutations in the ALK gene. Taken together, our data identify ALK as a new key player in the pathogenesis of cSCC, and this knowledge suggests that oncogenic ALK signaling can be a target for future clinical trials.
Exploring the quality of life and its related factors among the elderly
Authors: Gunawan Indra , Lin Mei-Hsiang , Hsu Hsiu-Chin
Published: April 2020

As the rapidly growing population of elderly people in the world that means they would be facing all challenges to their quality of life. As age increases, quality of life is often reported to decline. They are also at risk of mental illness, neurological disorder and more health problems affecting their quality of life. Depression is a common mental disorder among the elderly.  The objective of this study is to understand the relationship between depression and quality of life among the elderly in an Indonesian nursing home. This research use the descriptive correlational and cross-sectional design was applied. There were 114 elderly recruited by convenient sampling. The results of this study showed the mean age of the elderly was 71.2 at the time of data collection ranging from 65 to 76 years old. The variables associated with quality of life were age, gender, education, marital status, ethnicity, chronic disease, and depression status. Moreover, the study found that, as predictors, the variables that influenced the quality of life according to relevance were: age, depression status, and educational level. Age and depression status is recognized as significant predictors of the quality of life among the elderly in an Indonesian nursing home. The result of the study would serve as references to the future and related promotion for the same field of the study
Reconhecimento de grupos funcionais em um fragmento de Mata Atlântica em Santa Catarina, Brasil
Authors: Jardim Leite Raissa Iana , Melo Júnior João Carlos Ferreira
Published: April 2020

Compreender a complexidade funcional de fragmentos florestais urbanos é uma medida fundamental para a conservação da biodiversidade. O presente estudo reconheceu grupos funcionais de subosque num fragmento de Mata Atlântica localizado na cidade de Joinville, Santa Catarina. Foram avaliados atributos relacionados a ecologia de 31 espécies lenhosas. A estatística apresentou a formação de quatro grupos funcionais: G1 composto por Bathysa australis, espécie megafanerófita, mesófita e megáfila; G2 composto por 7 espécies secundárias tardias ou climáxicas; G3 integrado por 13 espécies de mesofanerófitas, polinizadas por abelhas e dispersas por aves; e G4 formado por 9 espécies macrófilas, secundárias iniciais e tardias. O fragmento apresentou baixa diversidade de grupos funcionais, com sobreposição destes em função da similaridade de requerimentos ecológicos, corroborando a tendência à redundância funcional em áreas florestais fragmentadas. Os resultados obtidos podem subsidiar medidas mitigatórias para a conservação e recuperação de áreas relictuais da Mata Atlântica. Recognition of functional groups in a fragment of Atlantic Forest in Santa Catarina, Brazil A B S T R A C TUnderstanding the functional complexity of urban forest fragments is a key measure for biodiversity conservation. The present study recognized functional groups of undersory in a fragment of Atlantic Forest located in Joinville city, Santa Catarina. Ecological attributes of 31 woody species were evaluated. The statistic presented the formation of four functional groups: G1 composed by Bathysa australis, megafanerophyte, mesophyte and megaphilic species; G2 composed by 7 late secondary or climactic species; G3 composed by 13 species of mesophanerophytes, pollinated by bees and dispersed by birds; and G4 formed by 9 macrophyll species, initial and late secondary. The fragment presented low diversity of functional groups, with overlapping of these due to the similarity of ecological requirements, corroborating the tendency to functional redundancy in fragmented forest areas. The results obtained can support mitigating measures for the conservation and recovery of relict areas of the Atlantic Forest.Key-words: functional ecology, rain forest, biodioversity conservation
Valoração Econômica de Danos Causados por Inundações na Cidade de Manaus nos Últimos 20 Anos (1999-2018)
Authors: Moreira Amanda Melo , Mota Maria Aurora Santos da
Published: April 2020

A cidade de Manaus, a mais populosa na Amazônia brasileira, sofre com inundações que afetam a qualidade de vida de sua população. Analisar o prejuízo causado por essa problemática pode auxiliar na tomada de decisões sobre investimentos que trarão melhorias à qualidade de vida de seus habitantes. Neste trabalho foi feita uma estimativa de danos oriundos de Eventos Extremos de Precipitação (EEP) ocorridos em residências da cidade, no período de 1999 a 2018. Os EEP foram selecionados a partir da combinação entre os dados do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia - INMET e as notícias registradas na mídia local, resultando em um total de 31 eventos nos últimos 20 anos. Notou-se que a ocorrência dos EEP é influenciada pela posição da Zona de Convergência Intertropical (ZCIT) e pelo fenômeno La Niña. Para estimar os danos foi utilizada a Avaliação Monetária Material Meio Ambiente (AMA), que depende do cálculo do Índice de Pegada da Água (IPA). Por sua vez, o IPA foi calculado tomando por base a altura que a água alcançou após uma chuva ocorrida na cidade. De posse do valor do índice, fez-se o cálculo dos danos ocorridos nos últimos 20 anos, onde obteve-se como resultado o custo de R$ 6.905.311.148,00, um preço bastante relevante que indica perdas significativas para a população.Economic Valuation of Damage Caused by Flooding in the City of Manaus over the last 20 Years (1999-2018)  A B S T R A C TThe city of Manaus, the most populous on the Brazilian Amazon, suffers with inundations that affects its inhabitants’ life quality. To analyze the negative impacts caused by this issue may help on the decision-making process about investments that will bring improvement to the citizens life quality. This paper shows an estimation of damages caused by Precipitation Extreme Events (EEP) that happened on residences of the city during the period of 1999 until 2018. The EEP were selected by the combination of data provided by the National Meteorology Institute – INMET and the reports registered on the local media, resulting in 31 events found on the last 20 years. It was noticed that the occurrence of EEP is influenced by the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and by the La Niña Phenomenon. In order to estimate the damages, it was used the Environment Material Monetary Assessment (AMA), which depends on the calculation of the Water Footprint Index (IPA). The IPA was calculated with the information of how height the water got from accumulating after a rain event occurred on the city. With the Index’s value it was calculated the losses occurred on the past 20 years, resulting in a cost of R$ 6,905,311,148.00, a relevant price that indicates to significant losses to the population.Keywords: Precipitation, Extreme Events, Damage Assessment.
Profile Analysis of Faculty-Researchers in STEM Education in a Philippine University
Authors: Nozaleda Bryan Mallillin , Calubaquib Jhoanna Battung
Published: April 2020

The aim of this study is to create a deeper analysis of the individual backgrounds of higher education educators who are involved in research on Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) in a state university in the Philippines.Â  To meet this objective, the study used a quantitative research design utilizing descriptive analytical tools. The participants were 104 teachers from the five campuses of the university that offers STEM undergraduate programs. Essentially, the study concludes that from the data gathered, the university has a gender-neutral participation in terms of doing research. The profile further creates an image that doing research in the university is not prejudicial to teachers with lower academic ranks. Meanwhile, the STEM educators have started doing research after some years of teaching and on average, teachers spend half of their academic experience in doing research. On another note, almost all of the respondents had more teaching loads than doing research and had less than four years of research experience on average. Based on these findings, for a university aiming to build a strong research culture, it is recommended to apportion more work time for conducting research in addition to teaching and strengthen the university research support to the faculty members by providing them opportunities to participate in research conferences, publish research outputs, and conduct research in the university.