bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hubungan Antara Persentase Serangan Hama Tikus dengan Produktivitas Lahan Melalui Pendekatan Foto Udara
Authors: Widodo Prihandoni , Wijaya I Made Anom S. , Budisanjaya I Putu Gede
Published: April 2021

Hama tikus adalah salah satu hama yang dapat merugikan petani. Serangan hama tikus dapat menurunkan hasil panen bahkan dapat mengakibatkan gagal panen. Serangan hama tikus pada tanaman padi akan mempengaruhi produktivitas lahan. Semakin besar persentase serangan hama tikus maka produktivitas lahan akan semakin rendah. Untuk itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara persentase serangan dengan produktivitas lahan. Tahapan – tahapan yang harus dilalui dalam penelitian ini antara lain, pengambilan data, analisis image processing, analisis regresi, validasi dan diakhiri dengan perhitungan akurasi. Pengambilan data dilapangan meliputi akuisisi foto udara dan pengukuran hasil panen. Analisis image processing menggunakan bantuan software Adobe Photoshop CS6 dan software Matlab 2013. Analisis regresi menggunakan bantuan software Microsoft Excel 2013 dengan menggunakan tiga jenis analisis regresi, antara lain : regresi linier, regresi kuadratik, regresi polinomial pangkat 3. Persamaan regresi polinomial pangkat 3 menghasilkan persamaan terbaik. Persamaan polinomian pangkat 3 yang didapat adalah sebagai berikut y = -1.10-6x3 + 0,0003x2 – 0,0218x + 0,6159 dengan  koefisien determinasi sebesar 0,9645 atau dapat pula diartikan 96,45% variasi dari variabel terikat dapat dijelaskan oleh variabel bebas. Nilai error yang dimiliki persamaan tersebut adalah 8,17%.

Rats pest is one of the any pests that can harm the farmers. Pest rodent attacks can decrease yields even affect to crop failures. The percentage of rice fields attack will affect the productivity inversed. The bigger percentage of rodent pests, will make the lower rice fields productivity. Therefore, this study aims to determine the relationship between percentage of pest roddents attacks with rice field productivity. Stages that must be passed in this research, among others, data retrieval, image processing analysis, regression analysis, validation and ending with the calculation of accuracy. Field data taking includes the acquisition of aerial photography and measurement of the harvest. Analysis of image processing using Adobe Photoshop CS6 software support and Matlab 2013 software. Regression analysis using Microsoft Excel 2013 software assistance using three types of regression analysis, among others: linear regression, quadratic regression, rank polynomial regression 3. Polynomial regression equation of rank 3 yields the best equation. The polynomial equation of rank 3 obtained as follows y = -1.10-6x3 + 0.0003x2 - 0,0218x + 0,6159 with a coefficient of determination equal to 0,9645 or can also be interpreted 96,45% variation of dependent variable can be explained by the free variable . The error value of the equation is 8.17% percentage of attack productivity.
Pengaruh Penambahan Konsentrasi Air Garam Dapur (Nacl) Dan Lama Perendaman Terhadap Mutu Bunga Kol (Brassica Oleracea Var.Botrytis L.) Selama Penyimpanan Suhu Dingin
Authors: Popi Maria Wardiani , Pudja Ida Ayu Rina Pratiwi , Wirawan I Putu Surya
Published: April 2021

Bunga kol (Brassica oleracea var.botrytis L.) merupakan salah satu hasil pertanian yang mudah rusak, guna menangani permasalahan tersebut, perlu dilakukan pengawetan untuk mempertahankan mutu bunga kol. Salah satu teknik yang dapat digunakan untuk pengawetan tersebut adalah perendaman dengan garam dapur (NaCl). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kosentrasi air garam dan lama perendaman terhadap mutu bunga kol selama penyimpanan dingin dan untuk mengetahui kosentrasi garam terbaik terhadap mutu dan lama perendaman yang terbaik pada bunga kol. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari dua faktor, yaitu perlakuan kosentrasi NaCl dan lama perendaman, pengukuran berlangsung selama 10 hari dengan 2 kali ulanganrlakuan kosentrasi garam dapur (NaCl) sebanyak 3%, 6%, 9% dan lama perendaman 10, 20 dan 30 menit. Hasil penelitian setelah proses analisis menggunakan aplikasih SPSS 16 sebagai alat bantu pengolah data dalam menentukan pengaruh variabel penelitian terhadap objek penelitian serta dilakukan uji duncan untuk menentukan perbedaan hasil dari setiap perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa perendaman menggunakan garam dapur (NaCl) 10gram dengan konsentrasi 6% dan waktu perendaman selama 20 menit menunjukan hasil terbaik setelah dilakukan pengamatan selama 10 hari.

Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.) is one of the perishable agricultural products. Handling these problems, preservation is necessary in order to maintain the quality of cauliflower. One technique that can be used for preservation is soaking with salt (NaCl). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of salt water concentration and soaking time on the quality of cauliflower during cold storage and to determine the best salt concentration on quality and the best soaking time on cauliflower. This research method uses a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 10 treatments and 2 replications with a concentration of salt (NaCl) of 3%, 6%, 9% and soaking time of 10, 20 and 30 minutes. The results of the study after the analysis process using SPSS 16 as a data processing tool in determining the effect of research variables on the research object as well Duncan to determine the difference in the results of each treatment. The results showed that soaking using table salt (NaCl) 10 grams with a concentration of 6% and soaking time for 20 minutes showed the best results after 10 days of observation.
Pendugaan Intensitas Serangan Penyakit BLB (Bacterial Leaf Blight) pada Tanaman Padi menggunakan Pendekatan Citra Termal
Authors: Jullyantari Ni Luh Putu , Wijaya I Made Anom Sutrisna , Budisanjaya I Putu Gede
Published: April 2021

Penyakit BLB merupakan salah satu penyakit yang berbahaya bagi tanaman padi. Penyakit ini biasanya menyerang di setiap fase pertumbuhan. Perhitungan intensitas serangan penyakit BLB masih dilakukan secara manual. Pengembangan teknologi dalam pendugaan intensitas serangan penyakit BLB sangat diperlukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membangun persamaan pendugaan intensitas serangan penyakit BLB menggunakan pendekatan citra termal. Penelitian ini menggunakan Drone DJI Inspire 1 dengan kamera termal DJI Zenmuse XT. Pengolahan data menggunakan software Agisoft Photoscan, Arcgis 10.3 dan Microsoft Excel. Dari hasil analisis citra termal diperoleh bahwa persamaan pendugaan intensitas serangan adalah y = 4.9533x-144.42 dan akurasi pendugaannya tinggi yaitu 90,45% dengan nilai eror 8,43%. Suhu kanopi dapat diklasifikasi menjadi empat sesuai dengan intensitas serangan yaitu 29,83-31,84oC untuk intensitas serangan ringan, 31,85-34,39oC untuk intensitas serangan sedang, 34,40-43,52oC untuk intensitas serangan berat dan 43,53-48,09oC untuk intensitas serangan puso. Berdasarkan hasil dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa pendekatan citra termal dapat digunakan untuk menduga intensitas serangan penyakit BLB pada tanaman padi.

 

Bacterial Leaf Blight (BLB) is a dangerous disease for rice plants. This disease can attack in every phase of growth. Calculation of BLB disease attack intensity is currently still done manually. Technology development in estimating the intensity of BLB disease is very necessary. This study aims to establish the equation for estimating BLB disease intensity using a thermal image approach. Drone DJI Inspire 1 with a thermal camera DJI Zenmuse XT was used in this research. Processing data using software Agisoft Photoscan, Arcgis 10.3 and Microsoft Excel. From the results of the thermal image analysis, it was found that the equation for estimating attack intensity is y = 4.9533x-144.42 and estimation accuracy is high at 90,45% with an error value of 8,43%. Temperature of the canopy can be classified into four according to the intensity of the attack, namely 29,83-31,84oC for mild attack intensity, 31,85-34,39oC for moderate attack intensity, 34,40-43,52oC for intensity of severe attacks and 43,53-48,09oC for intensity of puso attacks. From these results it can be concluded that the thermal image approach can be used to estimate BLB disease attacks on rice plants.
Perombakan Bahan Limbah Kelapa Sawit Dengan Metode Vermikompos
Authors: Putra Dian Pratama , Widyowanti Reni Astuti , Renjani Rengga Arnalis , Krisdiarto Andreas Wahyu
Published: April 2021

ABSTRAK

Salah satu permasalahan limbah pabrik kelapa sawit adalah pengelolaan Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS). Cara yang dapat dilakukan untuk penanganan limbah TKKS, yakni dengan konversinya secara biologis untuk menjadi green fertilizer. Metode yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode observasi dan metode analisis deskriptif pada masing – masing perlakuan dan ditentukan lamanya penelitian selama 28 hari. Alat yang digunakan adalah cangkul, ember, gembor, dan tempat vermikomposting. Peralatan pengujian antara lain timbangan, pH meter dan jangka sorong. Kemudian bahan yang digunakan adalah limbah – limbah kelapa sawit (Sludge, Solid, dan Tankos). Perlakuan yang dilakukan adalah meng-kompositkan 3 bahan – bahan limbah sawit dengan proporsi 100%, 50%, dan 25% kemudian diberikan cacing Lumbricus rubellus sebesar 500 gr setiap perlakuan. Parameter yang dilakukan adalah pengujian laju penguraian, pH, karakteristik cacing yang kemudian dilakukan pengamatan setiap 7 hari sekali sampai dengan penentuan waktu selama 28 hari. Laju dekomposisi bahan organik yang dilakukan oleh cacing mendapatkan respon paling tinggi pada perlakuan pencampuran media L6 (65 %) dan L7 (88%). Proses dekomposisi ternyata tidak mempengaruhi pH media, pH yang didapat rerata adalah 6. Dari proses laju dekomposisi dan pH media tidak mempengaruhi karakteristik cacing Lumbricus rubellus dimana pertumbuhannya justru meningkat. Hal ini diduga karena kondisi media yang cocok untuk keberlangsungan hidupnya.

ABSTRACT

One of the problems with palm oil mill waste is the management of Oil Palm Empty Bunches (OPEFB). One method that can be used for handling OPEFB waste is by converting it biologically to green fertilizer. The method used in this research is observation and descriptive analysis methods for each treatment. The length of the study was 28 days. The tools used were a hoe, bucket, watering can, and a place for vermicomposting. Testing equipment includes scales, pH meters and calipers. Material used was palm oil waste (sludge, solid, and empty bunches). The treatment carried out was to composite 3 materials - palm oil waste materials with a proportion of 100%, 50%, and 25%. The composite was then given 500 grams of Lumbricus rubellus worms per treatment. The parameters measured were the decomposition rate, pH, characteristics of the worms which were observed every 7 days up to 28 days. The rate of decomposition of organic matter received the highest response in the mixing treatment of L6 (65%) and L7 (88%) media. The decomposition process did not affect the pH of the media. The average pH obtained was 6. The process of decomposition rate and media pH did not affect the characteristics of Lumbricus rubellus worms. The growth of the worms increased, which is presumably because the media conditions were suitable for their survival.
Kualitas Sistem Informasi Berdasarkan ISO/IEC 25010: Literature Review
Authors: Mulyawan Made Dwi , Kumara I Nyoman Satya , Swamardika Ida Bagus Alit , Saputra Komang Oka
Published: April 2021

Intisari— Sistem informasi saat ini telah menjadi bagian penting dalam meningkatkan efektifitas dan efisiensi suatu proses bisnis, sehingga diperlukan suatu pengukuran kualitas perangkat lunak untuk mengetahui sejauh mana sistem dapat menghasilkan informasi yang berkualitas. Dalam melakukan pengukuran kualitas ada beberapa model yang dapat digunakan sebagai panduan dalam melakukan penilaian perangkat lunak. ISO/IEC 25010 merupakan salah satu model kualitas yang dapat digunakan sebagai standar dalam melakukan pengukuran kualitas perangkat lunak. ISO/IEC 25010 terdiri dari software product quality model dan quality in use model. Artikel ini menelaah beberapa literature yang membahas mengenai pengukuran kualitas perangkat lunak yang menggunakan model ISO/IEC 25010. Saat ini ISO/IEC 25010 telah diterapkan untuk menilai kualitas pada sistem informasi akademik, sistem informasi pemerintah dan lembaga swasta, game, mobile application, dan decision support system. Hasil dari penilaian kualitas perangkat lunak dapat ditentukan melalui pengukuran terhadap aspek penting yang dipilih berdasarkan kebutuhan dari setiap perangkat lunak. Selain itu cara pengujian dan pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penilaian dapat berpengaruh terhadap tingkat akurasi dari pengukuran kualitas perangkat lunak.
Rancang Bangun Praktikum Instrumentasi Industri Menggunakan Augmented Reality
Authors: Sukadiana Putra Indra , Gede Manuaba Ida Bagus , . Linawati
Published: April 2021

Teknologi Augmented Reality yang diterapkan dalam dunia Pendidikan dapat menciptakan proses pembelajaran menjadi lebih efektif serta lebih efisien. Penelitian ini membangun sebuah aplikasi augmented reality dengan melakukan penerapan metode marker based tracking yang kemudian diterapkan pada mata kuliah praktikum instrumentasi industri di Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian Universitas Udayana. Hal ini bertujuan agar pelaksanaan praktikum menjadi lebih efektif dan efisien. Aplikasi yang dihasilkan selanjutnya diuji menggunakan 2 pengujian yaitu pengujian usabilitas menggunakan metode Usability dengan skala Likert dan pengujian komparasi dengan penerapan metode Paired Sample T-test. Pengujian Usability bertujuan untuk mengetahui penilaian mengenai tingkat kegunaan dari aplikasi. Pada pengujian ini mendapatkan nilai usabilitas sebesar 73,5 dari skala 0-100. Hasil tersebut dapat diartikan bahwa aplikasi ini memiliki memiliki nilai usabilitas yang baik. Pengujian komparasi menggunakan metode Paired Sample T-test bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi  sejauh mana perbandingan dari pemahaman setiap responden sebelum dan setelah adanya aplikasi augmented reality mata kuliah instrumentasi industri. Pada pengujian ini didapatkan nilai Sig. (2-tailed) sebesar 0,000 yang masih di bawah ambang batas dari syarat Paired Sample T-test yaitu 0,05. Sehingga penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa adanya perbedaan yang nyata diantara hasil sebelum dan setelah responden menggunakan aplikasi. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa secara fungsionalitas penggunaan aplikasi ini dapat dipertimbangkan untuk menggantikan kegiatan kunjungan mata kuliah praktikum instrumentasi industri agar pelaksanaan praktikum menjadi lebih efektif dan efisien.
Sistem Kendali Proporsional pada Robot Penghindar Halangan (Avoider) Pioneer P3-DX
Authors: Jayadi Akhmad , Susanto Try , Adhinata Faisal Dharma
Published: April 2021

Kemampuan dasar yang harus dimiliki oleh mobile robot adalah menghindari halangan, dengan dapatnya robot menghindari halangan, robot akan mampu melakukan tugas dengan baik tanpa harus menabrak halangan yang ada, karena dengan menabrak halangan akan membuat robot semakin lama menyelesaikan misi bahkan robot dapat mengalami disorientasi sikap, dengan diterapkannya sistem kendali pada robot penghindar halangan membuat robot dapat mengatasi halangan  yang ada. Kendali proporsional merupakan kendali sederhana dan mudah digunakan pada mobile robot, dengan delapan sensor yang ada pada robot membuat robot lebih peka terhadap halangan yang ada di depannya sehingga digunakanlah mobile robot jenis Pioneer P3-DX dalam penelitian ini. Robot telah mampu melewati halangan yang ada dengan nilai Kp sebesar 2 dan kecepatan konstan sebesar 4 tanpa menabraknya.
Rancang Bangun Alat Ukur Kualitas Jaringan Berbasis Raspberry Pi 3 Model B
Authors: Sudarsono Joshua Fernaldy , Sukadarmika Gede , Linawati Linawati
Published: April 2021

Internet telah menjadi kebutuhan bagi masyarakat modern dalam melakukan berbagai aktifitasnya saat ini. Pengguna Internet yang meningkat sangat pesat di setiap tahun menunjukkan bahwa kebutuhan masyarakat terhadap Internet yang semakin tinggi. Di Indonesia pertumbuhan pengguna Internet diprediksi meningkat 10,2 persen setiap tahunnya dari tahun 2018 hingga 2023. Namun demikian, pertumbuhan jumlah pelanggan sering kali tidak diikuti dengan kemampuan provider Internet untuk meningkatkan fasilitas maintanance dan untuk menjaga kualitas layanan kepada pelanggannya. Salah satu penyebabnya adalah keterbatasan perangkat yang sering kali menjadi kendala bagi teknisi untuk mealakukan maintenance sesegera mungkin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk dapat merancang dan membangun perangkat yang dapat digunakan sebagai alat ukur kualitas jaringan yang lebih sederhana dan ekonomis sehingga mendukung mobilitas teknisi untuk membagun maupun maintenance jaringannya. Perangkat yang dibangun pada penelitian ini berbasis Raspberry Pi 3 Model B. Perbandingan hasil pengukuran performa perangkat antara lain daya tahan baterai, ping, upload dan download rate antara perangkat yang dibangun dengan penggunaan laptop memberikan hasil yang hampir sama. Peangkat yang dibangun ini memiliki keunggulan pada sisi dimensi yang lebih kecil dan ringan serta biaya yang jauh lebih ekonomis.
Analisa Kinerja Penerapan Standard Protokol Keamanan IEEE 802.11 Pada Layanan Wireless Fidelity
Authors: Kalam M Zatiar Erwan , Wirastuti Ni Made Ary Esta Dewi , Widyantara I Made Oka
Published: April 2021

Jaringan komunikasi semakin bergantung pada WLAN, maka semakin tinggi tuntutan Quality of Service (QoS) WLAN seperti Throughput, delay, dan jitter Untuk menjaga keamanan media komunikasi data, maka digunakan mekanisme keamanan jaringan Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP), WiFi Protected Access (WPA), dan WPA2 [14]. Mall Bali Galeria memiliki beberapa alternatif Free WiFi. Banyaknya Wi-Fi yang terpasang menimbulkan permasalahan interferensi yang mempengaruhi unjuk kerja jaringan WiFi, MBG sendiri memiliki area Indoor dan Outdoor, Alternatif untuk mengatasi interferensi adalah dengan melakukan automasi penkanalan dengan menerapkan Channel Fly, Background Scanning dan Static Channel. Dari mekanisme keamanan, Penkanalan dan frekuensi dibuat skenario dilakukan penelitian pada setiap askes point untuk mendapatkan skenario terbaik, dari skenario yang diajukan, nilai Paket loss terbaik lingkungan indoor AP 4 dengan skenario frekuensi 5Ghz, Statik Channel, WEP-64 paket loss 0,016 ms, lingkungan outdoor AP 5 Frekuensi 5Ghz, Channel Fly, WEP-64 paket loss 0.094 ms, nilai Jitter terbaik lingkungan indoor AP 2 5Ghz Background Scanning, WPA 2, Jitter 1.336 ms, lingkungan outdoor AP 8 5Ghz, Statik Channel, WPA2-Mixed Jitter 1,116 ms, nilai Throughput terbaik lingkungan indoor AP 1 5Ghz, Statik channel, WPA2-Mixed, Throughput 78,7Mbps, untuk Outdoor AP 8 5Ghz, Background Scanning, Disable Security, Throughput 80Mbps jika dibandingkan dengan skenario eksisting performa unjuk kerja meningkat sebesar 10-30%. WEP memiliki nilai packet loss baik tetapi memiliki nilai Throughput yang lebih kecil. Static channel disarankan pada lokasi yang memiliki interferensi tinggi.
Rancang Bangun Aplikasi Mobile QR Code Untuk Validasi Pajak Reklame
Authors: Dananjaya Ngurah Narendra , Manuaba Ida Bagus Gede , Linawati Linawati
Published: April 2021

Intisari— Reklame merupakan sesuatu media ataupun perlengkapan buat mengantarkan data,menawarkan mempromosikan,dan menghadirkan sesuatu produk ataupun jasa dengan memakai foto serta kata-kata yang menarik. Peneriman pajak reklame di Kota Denpasar tiap tahunya mengalami penurunan padahal tahun-tahun sebelumnya pajak reklame menyumbang pendapatan terbesar di Kota Denpasar, banyak yang tidak taat dalam pembayaran pajak reklame dibutuhkan sebuah terobosan untuk meningkatkan kembali pendapatan pajak reklame, dimana banyak dari penguna pajak yang belum membayarkan kewajibanya, badan pendapatan Kota Denpasar mempunyai tugas dalam pengawasan pajak reklame di Kota Denpasar maka tercipta rancang bangun aplikasi mobile QR Code untuk validasi pajak reklame untuk mengawasi pajak reklame dikota denpasar, nya dirancang dapat memudahkan petugas badan pendapatan kota Denpasar dalam memvalidasi pajak reklame yang baru terdaftar karena dimudahkan dengan adanya pemanfaatan QR Code dan sudah terenkripsi mengunakan algoritma Speck jadi keamanannya dijamin dan dalam pemantauannya sudah terintegrasi google maps dan menggunakan metode djikstra dirancang dan dibuat dalam platform android dengan pemanfaatan web service.

Kata Kunci— Reklame, Enkripsi, QR Code, Algoritma Djikstra.
Nation-Building Through Language Policy: The Chinese Experience
Authors: Daly Tabitha
Published: April 2021

In 1808, the German Romanticist Johann Fichte contended that "men are formed by language far more than language is formed by men." Following this and understanding that language is closely tied to personal identity, to what extent can language become a means to influencing identity and, through that, influencing actions? This presentation will look at the role that language played throughout twentieth century China by focusing on how language was employed as a nation-building instrument in China’s transformation from empire to nation-state by promoting a common identity where previously none had existed. This study looks at the case of China for it presents a continuous group of people affected by three different governments in less than a century, who experienced three different nationbuilding campaigns, where three different sets of language policies were applied. By looking at thelanguage policies and planning during the Republic of China from 1912-49, the Maoist People’s Republic of China during the 1950s, and the shift in policy in the 1970s and 1980s with Deng Xiaoping, I examine how and why language policy changed and how successful the policies were in affecting an idea of nation and national identity amongst China’s populations. By studying the motivations, aims, and consequencesof language planning this study leads to an understanding of why nations engage in language planning and acknowledges the power, or lack thereof, that deliberate language reform and policy can have ininitiating greater social and political change.
Effect of Temporal Arrangement on Multimedia Learning
Authors: Chen Victoria
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine whether Multimedia learning theory (Mayer, 1997; Schnotz & Kürschner, 2007) holds true when images are the primary source of information and text information is secondary. I will test how temporal arrangement of audio and image presentations affects quality of learning in this situation. I hypothesize that when audio is played before or after the image participants will require increased cognitive processing to mentally integrate the two sources of information resulting in deeper learning and transfer of learning. On the other hand when audio is played while the image is shown, I hypothesize that participants with high prior knowledge of the subject will score lower than participants with low prior knowledge, because prior knowledge will interfere with knowledge from the two sources causing a redundancy effect. This experiment will lead to greater understanding of multimedia teaching and learning in classrooms as well as how it affects deeper learning.
Sibilant Harmony in Kinyarwanda
Authors: Brohan Anthony
Published: April 2021

Kinyarwanda is a Bantu language spoken in Rwanda which exhibits puzzling alternation of the past-participal morpheme, which in certain contexts triggers sibilant harmony. Sibilant harmony is part of the broader class of consonant harmony, which has presented challenges to phonological theories. This presentation will present a sketch of Kinyarwanda phonology along with an analysis of sibilant harmony exhibited in Kinyarwanda under an autosegmental framework using mutation morphology. Finally, dialectical variation in sibilant harmony will be considered, comparing the Conogolese dialect with the Kigali dialect.
The Effects of Contextual Priming on the Intelligibility of Semantically Ambiguous Degraded Speech
Authors: Dey Avanti
Published: April 2021

A significant problem in the area of speech perception is that noisy listening environments often make it difficult to understand what is being said. Furthermore, speech overwhelmingly contains ambiguous words that carry multiple meanings, which can make speech comprehension even more difficult. Previous research has found that spoken sentences containing ambiguous words (e.g. “the woman was told that the mint was used for making coins”) are harder to understand in noise than matched sentences without such words; we call this phenomenon the “ambiguity effect”. The current study examined individuals’ understanding of speech in noisy environments when this speech contains ambiguous words, and how context can influence this understanding. By manipulating the context in which sentences are presented, I examined whether listeners’ interpretation of the sentence can be biased towards a particular meaning, thereby affecting intelligibility. Participants listened to noisy sentences, each of which was preceded by a priming word intended to provide a particular context to the sentence. Two main predictions follow from this study. First, I predict that listeners will be able to understand less from sentences that contain ambiguous words, compared to those that do not. Furthermore, I predict that the priming words will be of greater benefit (particularly related primes) to listeners in understanding sentences with ambiguous words, rather than sentences without ambiguous words. Preliminary findings will be discussed in the presentation. This work will contribute to the current literature concerning how we use semantic information to understand speech in challenging listening environments.
Do Dogs Know Their Owners Are Coming Home?
Authors: Prins Andrea
Published: April 2021

A common perception among dog owners is that their pets seem to anticipate the arrival of a member of the household. Surveys in Britain and the US have shown that between 45 and 52% of dog owners have noticed this kind of behaviour. People often ascribe this phenomenon to telepathy or a sixth sense but there may be more conventional explanations. The dog could be hearing or smelling its owner approaching, predicting the owner’s arrival based on a routine schedule or picking up on subtle cues from people at home who know when the absent person is returning. In order to control for these alternative hypotheses, a time-coded video camera will record the dog’s behaviour during the owner’s absence. The data will be analysed by someone who has no foreknowledge if and when the owner is arriving. The data will be divided into the pre-return (control) and return periods. The return period will begin once the owner departs for home. Other people in the house will have no idea what the owner is doing in order to control for subtle cues. To eliminate the possibility of hearing/smelling its owner, the dog should be capable of reacting at least 10 minutes in advance of the owner’s arrival. We will measure whether there is a statistically significant difference in anticipatory behaviour between the pre-return and return periods. If it is higher for the later, this experiment would support the hypothesis that dogs are sensitive to their owners intentions, even over long distances.
The Rape Epidemic: The Weaponization of Sexual Violence in African Conflicts
Authors: Jenkins Samantha
Published: April 2021

Rape and sexual violence in an African context have transitioned from opportunistic individual attacks in the background of weak states and judiciaries, to systematized, strategic tools of war targeting specific civilian communities – so much so that “during wartime, it’s often more dangerous to be a woman than to be a soldier”. This sexual violence includes rape, mutilation, molestation, forced incest, and sexual enslavement, and is being employed not only by rebel groups, but also by state security forces and militia. The victims of sexual violence include all genders and age groups targeted as a result of various political, economic and social objectives. These objectives have included: boosting troop morale; and political intimidation or humiliation; revenge; ethnic cleansing and disruption of reproduction; spreading terror to induce a community into leaving its land. The emotional, physical, psychological and social affects of the rape pandemic are staggering. This presentation will examine three pertinent case studies of conflicts where sexual violence was/is widespread – the civil war in Sierra Leone; the Second Congo War in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC); and the current genocide occurring in the Darfur region of Sudan. These examinations will illuminate how sexual violence has been and can be used for different ends and the ramifications of this new weapon. This presentation will also review the role the international community has played in discouraging sexual violence. Based on these analyses, this presentation will demonstrate that sexual violence is a potent tool of war because of its versatility of use and devastating ramifications, and that its prevalence in Africa is promoted by the subordinated position of females in both African culture and the international system generally.
Analysis of the Organic Beef Markets in Ontario and Alberta: A Case Studies Comparison
Authors: Freeman Kyra
Published: April 2021

Consumers are increasingly interested in paying a higher premium for alternative food, such as natural and organic products and governments are increasingly interested in sustainable agricultural practises that preserve the ability of future generations to produce food. The organic movement is continually growing due to consumer health and environmental concerns. This study focuses primarily on the evolution of the organic beef sector in Canada, focusing on two case studies: the MD of Pincher Creek No. 9 in Alberta and Frontenac County in Ontario. By interviewing stakeholders in the organic beef industry in both regions and supporting the stakeholder accounts with a literature review, comparisons were made pertaining to the viable market options that each region faces. Alberta is one of the leading producers of organic beef in the country, while Ontario produces much less, but Alberta has a lower level of organic consumers than Ontario. This leads to the need for Alberta producers to market their beef elsewhere, in British Columbia and the United States. Frontenac County has much more access to urban markets with high levels of organic consumer activity and thus have an easier time logistically in the selling of their beef. These two cases represent contrasting market and policy needs though regulation and certification requirements are nation-wide.
Financing From the Perspective of Mining Companies
Authors: Low Eric
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this thesis is to explain financing decisions from the perspective of mining companies. First, all of the major equity and debt financing instruments available to mining companies are presented and analyzed. Each financing method is assessed on a wide range of criteria. Next, these concepts are applied in case studies of four companies: BHP Billiton, Barrick Gold, Teck Resources, and Noront Resources. For each company, the overall choice of financing methods is shown and analyzed. The effect of financing choices on the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is calculated. The final section deals with case studies of individual mine finance decisions during the past two years: Teck Resources’ $4.2 billion private debt placement to escape from the brink of bankruptcy, Barrick Gold’s $3.9 billion equity financing to eliminate hedges, Copper Mountain Mining’s Joint Venture with Mitsubishi, and Xstrata’s $5.9 billion rights issue in 2009. The financing options used by mining companies can be divided in 16 types, many of which are unique to the mining industry. Public equity is the dominant form of financing, followed by bonds and debentures, while many newer types of financing are growing in importance. Important considerations for selecting the type of financing include: time needed to arrange, typical interest rate, position in capital structure, effect on balance sheet, effect on credit rating and equity dilution. In many cases, the best form of financing is highly contentious. Large companies that are able to obtain good credit ratings are able to achieve a lower cost of capital than their junior counterparts, while gold companies currently enjoy the lowest cost of capital.
Precarious Labour, Occupied Lands: The Checkpoint Economy and the Proletarianization of Palestinian Women.
Authors: Aziz Mays Abdel
Published: April 2021

The thesis explores the phenomena of the proletarianization of Palestinian women and their experiences as migrant workers in Israel. Proletarianization refers to the separation of producers from the land they utilize for household subsistence and transforming them into wage labourers, hence integrating them into the capitalist system of production. Within this political economy framework, it will become clear that we are not only exploring a capitalist context, but most distinctly the economics of occupation. The assignment of these women to a separate ethnic group within Israel, but also to a separate economic group of "guest" workers who went back to their homes in Palestine at the end of the day had deep implications on both the economies and the structures of Palestinian and Israeli societies. This mostly unprecedented separation of the Palestinian woman from her land and family disturbed the traditional structure of the Palestinian private household. I will also explore how this phenomenon transformed these women and to what extent it transformed their gender roles, "liberated" them from patriarchy, and where it situated them in the nationalistic struggle against occupation.
Enemy at the Gates: the Prisoner of War Experience in the 20th Century
Authors: Dalby Meaghan
Published: April 2021

Being a Prisoner of War (POW) is a mentally and physically trying event for any soldier who has to experience it. Many captured soldiers are forced to live in horrid conditions, where they may be required for intensive labour, suffer from malnutrition, are often tortured, and in some cases, unable to contact their family. For some, they returned home after surviving these trying conditions only to be accused of being weak or “brainwashed” by the enemy to sympathize with foreign agendas. In the 1950’s, after many World War II POWs were returning home, this was a very popular subject in media, which only exacerbated the public opinion of weakness among the soldiers. The fear of explicit indoctrination by captors can cause panic in the public sphere during times of war, leading to a misunderstanding of soldiers who have returned home from POW camps. However, this paper will prove there is a tendency among soldiers who returned to be more understanding and tolerant of other cultures, without being a threat to their own country. With a focus on soldiers who fought in the 20th century, this paper will explore the process of indoctrination or re-education, how media influences the public response to POWs, and case studies of soldiers who returned home without feelings of disdain for their captors. Beyond all the negativity, and despite the Prisoner of War survivors living through generally horrible conditions, because exposure to different cultures, few of them retained negative feelings towards their captors after they have been released.
Analysis of Tyrrell Sea Deposits from the Vicinity of the Victor Diamond Mine: Comparison of Three North American Clay Deposits
Authors: Holloway Jean
Published: April 2021

he De Beers Victor Mine is an open pit diamond mine, and is located in the James Bay lowlands. The lowlands are characterized by extensive peatlands overlying Tyrell Sea sediments. One of the potential impacts of open pit mining, and the focus of the current work, is the potential for differential subsistence in the Tyrell Sea sediments owing to continuous groundwater withdrawal from the underlying limestone aquifers. To fully understand the potential effects of subsistence, a better understanding of the nature and properties of the Tyrell Sea sediments is needed. This will be achieved by analyzing various properties of samples collected from the Victor Diamond Mine, and comparing those properties with values from Lake Agassiz sediments and Bearpaw Shale. Properties such as hydraulic conductivity, grain size, plastic and liquid limit, and mineralogy will be compared. It is expected that the samples from the Victor Mine are a rock flour dominated by clay fraction, composed mostly of finely ground carbonates. The sediments are expected to have high plasticity, low hydraulic conductivity, and moisture content too low for that of true clay.
Post-Pollution: Characterizing Ecological Recovery in a Historically Nutrient Enriched Lake.
Authors: MacKenzie Iain
Published: April 2021

An iconic story of recovery from nutrient pollution is the restoration of the heavily enriched Lake Washington in Seattle, Washington State. Originally an integral part of the municipal septic system, a diversion of wastewater in 1968 has allowed Lake Washington to return to what has been recently described as a natural and healthy state. Yet is it accurate to characterize a lake as “recovered” based purely on chemical measurements? Does a legacy of pollution linger on in the ecology of a lake system long after the lake has been given a clean bill of health?Using paleolimological reconstructive techniques it is possible to compare pre-pollution and post-pollution communities of algae by looking at microfossils stored chronologically in the lake-bottom sediment. Use of this technique has afforded a test of the assumption that once pollution stress in a lake is alleviated, the algal communities quickly return to the pre-pollution state. Work on Lake Washington indicates that this does not always hold true. Instead, it suggests that a legacy of pollution persists in the algae and ecological community of the lake long after the nutrient levels have returned to normal.
Sea Dyke Rehabilitation and Climate Change in Dutch and Japanese Contexts
Authors: Murdock Heather
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between climate change and the need to rehabilitate sea dykes. Sea dykes are a critical component of coastal infrastructure and national flood prevention systems and are increasingly susceptible to a number of failure mechanisms under climate change conditions. This paper will explore case studies of sea dyke rehabilitation and climate change in both the Netherlands and Japan. Both countries have urban areas within close proximity to coastal areas and have constructed sea and river dykes as part of their national flood prevention plans. The International Panel on Climate Change published a report in February 2012 stating that mean global temperatures are going to increase by 1 to 3 degrees Celcius by 2050, which will affect global weather conditions. The characteristics of climate change which most affect sea dykes include the frequency and severity of storms as well as global sea level rise. These trends increase the risk of dyke failure modes such as overtopping, micro instability, and erosion of non-reinforced inner slopes. Techniques for rehabilitation both proven and proposed will be discussed with a particular focus on methods for implementation as well as the policy framework of these projects.
Predictors of Relationship Outcome between Disabled and Non-Disabled Siblings
Authors: Peill Laura
Published: April 2021

In recent years, there has been increasing research on individuals with a disabled sibling looking at the impact of the relationship on the adjustment and behaviour of the non-disabled sibling and predictors of sibling relationships such as behaviour disabled sibling. Although research to date has focused on individual factors, there is a need for research on the relative contributions of multiple factors. The purpose of this study is to understand the sibling relationship outcome between a disabled and non-disabled sibling as predicted by the stressors caused by the disabled sibling, the non-disabled sibling’s relationship perception and available coping and resources. This study will use the ABCX model (McCubbin & Patterson, 1983) as a framework to study predictors of relationship outcome between disabled and non-disabled siblings. Predictor variables will include: stress, aA factor, (demographic information and behaviour of sibling with a disability), resources, bB factor (knowledge about disability and resource use), perceptions, cC factor (self-efficacy and comfort with disabled sibling) and outcome, xX factor (relationship quality). I hypothesize that when the non-disabled sibling is more comfortable and knowledgeable about the disability and has a higher level of self-efficacy and available resources, the relationship will be perceived more positively, improving relationship quality and leading to a positive relationship outcome. Participants will consist of approximately 100 individuals aged 16 – 26 who have a sibling with a developmental disability. Data will be collected through an online survey. The results of this study are valuable, as understanding what the predictors are that lead to a positive versus negative relationship outcome is the first step in helping to intervene in the relationship and input the right implementations to ensure a positive outcome
Mental Health Stigma in Medical Educators: The Images Study
Authors: Thygesen Jenna
Published: April 2021

Neuropsychiatric disorders are among the leading cause of disability worldwide, accounting for 13% of the global burden of disease, and one-third of all years lost due to disability. In Canada 15% of the population report that they have been diagnosed as being clinically depressed, with at least one in five Canadians experiencing a mental illness in their lifetime. Recruitment to psychiatry within medical schools worldwide ranges from approximately 2-7%, resulting in unfilled psychiatric residencies and an inadequate number of practicing professionals to address demand for mental health services within populations. The negative socialization hypothesis attempts to explain the lack of interest as the result of anti-psychiatry statements by peers and non-psychiatric faculty members. An international questionnaire measuring the prevalence of stigmatizing attitudes towards non-psychiatric physician educators at medical centres was conducted under the auspices of the Association for the Improvement of Mental Health Programmes. Results will be discussed within the context of current theories about stigmatizing attitudes towards psychiatric patients and the field of psychiatry. Current anti-stigma programmes and the impact of culture on mental illness and stigma will also be discussed.
Arviq! The Northern Hunter’s Spiritual Connection to Animals and Community Presenter:
Authors: Drent Chelsea
Published: April 2021

In Inuktituk, nuna means the land. It means the rocks, rivers, mountains and the forests. Nuna is everything, and all parts of the nuna have an inua, which means a living soul. There is a special, if not sacred relationship between members of northern communities and the nuna. However, these sacred relationships are all too often glossed over, if not forgotten. In the social sciences, author John Sorenson articulates a critical argument and evocative opinions about hunting in his article; Hunting is a Part of Human Nature (John Sorenson, “Hunting is a Part of Human Nature,” Culture of Prejudice, Arguments in Critical Social Science. Eds. Judith Blackwell, Murray Smith, John Sorenson, (Canada: Broadview Press, 2003).Sorenson demonstrates that hunting is an unnatural human activity which is linked to a cultural domination over animals. However, in these statements Sorenson neglects to consider the northern hunter in Inuit communities around the world. Cultural myths, social constructions and daily activities prove that hunting animals is a core value to how many Inuit peoples relate to each other and perceive themselves in the cosmos. This is a study that examines the relationship of people, land, animals and faith in order to understand the significance of hunting within Inuit cultures.
“To the soul made of fire ... I am ever tender and true”: The Foreshadowing Role of the Fire Motif in Charlotte Brontë’s Jane Eyre
Authors: Latour Felicia
Published: April 2021

The literature concerned with the interpretation of the fire motif in Charlotte Brontë’s Jane Eyre is largely unsatisfactory, since most critics fail to address its function as a foreshadowing device. This study provides an original interpretation that concerns itself with highlighting the key role of fire in the signalling of Jane and Mr. Rochester’s union, and celebrating Brontë’s scrupulous writing style that greatly influenced the tradition of the romance novel. By collecting and analysing more than a hundred fire -related passages within Jane Eyre, this study reveals how they take on significant patterns throughout the novel. By exploring these patterns, this study traces the correlation between the novel’s fire-related passages and the development of Jane and Rochester’s budding romance, thus revealing how the fire motif sustains the notion that these lovers are destined for each other. Such patterns include the physical mirroring of fire, the portrayals of Jane’s inflammable personality, the descriptions of Rochester’s “fiery” gaze, and the significant recurrence of fire in the novel’s key events. Since the notion of destiny is a crucial convention of the romance genre, Brontë’s manipulation of the fire motif as a foreshadowing device is not only remarkable but significant in the understanding of how successful romance novels operate. Thus, this research demon strates Brontë’s innovative use of figurative writing in Jane Eyre, which not only presages the novel’s romantic conclusion, but heavily influences the works of such authors as Jean Rhys and Tessa McWatt.
Constantine’s Introduction of the Gold Solidus
Authors: Harden Jessica
Published: April 2021

In the Roman Empire of 3rd century AD was subject to serious hyperinflation, which was caused by the overproduction of the denarius, which by this point contained minimal amounts of silver. At the end of the century Diocletian attempted to solve this problem by fixing the prices of goods but was unsuccessful. Constantine I during his reign in the early 4 th century AD introduced a new gold currency, the solidus, which successfully brought down inflation. The solidus had a consistent weight and a floating exchange rate with the base-metal  currency. The result of this was a stable denomination that acted in some respects as a gold standard. Constantine was able to accomplish what previous emperors could not because of two extraordinary events: his conversion to Christianity and the discovery of a new source of gold in the reign of his son Constantius II. His conversion to Christianity allowed him to confiscate the wealth from pagan temples. The accounts of these confiscations by Eusebius were previously thought to have been primarily laudative. Recent work done by Kevin Wilkinson on the dating of Palladas, another contemporary writer, has shown that these confiscations were a reality. These two events supplied the empire with enough gold to effectively jump-start his economic strategy. A better understanding of these events is achieved by examining modern historical parallels. These are the confiscations of Jewish property in Germany during the 1930s, Spain’s economy after discovering New World gold and Brazil’s use of a floating exchange-rate to stop hyperinflation.