bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eosinophile Granulomatose mit Polyangiitis – ein
Übersichtsartikel
Authors: Schindler Viktoria , Venhoff Nils
Published: November 2022

Die eosinophile Granulomatose mit Polyangiitis (EGPA) ist eine seltene Form der
ANCA-assoziierten Vaskulitiden (AAV) aus der Gruppe der
Kleingefäßvaskulitiden. Sie ist definiert als eine Vaskulitis
kleiner und mittelgroßer Gefäße mit
granulomatöser Entzündung sowie Blut- und Gewebseosinophilie.
Fast alle Patienten haben allergische Symptome mit Asthma bronchiale und
rhinosinusitischen Beschwerden. Das sonstige klinische Spektrum variiert je nach
Lokalisation, Schweregrad und Art der Krankheitsmanifestation. Durch die
eosinophile Infiltration und Inflammation kann es zu Rhinosinusitis,
Pneumonitis, gastrointestinaler Beteiligung und Kardiomyopathie kommen.
Insbesondere Letztere ist mit einer schlechteren Prognose assoziiert. Als
nekrotisierende pauci-immune Kleingefäßvaskulitis kann die EGPA,
ähnlich wie die anderen AAV, pulmonale Infiltrate mit alveolärer
Hämorrhagie, eine Glomerulonephritis, kutane Vaskulitis mit Purpura,
sowie zentrale und periphere neurologische Schädigungen verursachen. Das
Auftreten perinukleärer ANCA (pANCA), mit Spezifität gegen die
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) wird in etwa einem Drittel der Fälle beobachtet,
ist allerdings nicht spezifisch für die EGPA. MPO-ANCA-positive
Patienten haben häufiger eine periphere neurologische Beteiligung und
eine Glomerulonephritis, während ANCA-negative Patienten
häufiger eine kardiale und pulmonale Beteiligung aufweisen. Eine
differentialdiagnostische Herausforderung im klinischen Alltag stellt die
Abgrenzung zum hypereosinophilen Syndrom (HES) dar. Das Therapiekonzept der EGPA
hängt davon ab, ob der Schweregrad der Erkrankung potentiell Organ- oder
lebensbedrohlich ist. Bei schweren Formen der EGPA werden in der Akuttherapie
hauptsächlich Glukokortikoide in Kombination mit Cyclophosphamid
eingesetzt. Rituximab wird mittlerweile als alternative Behandlungsoption in den
Leitlinien genannt. Zur Remissionserhaltung stehen verschiedene immunsuppressive
Therapien zur Verfügung. Bei EGPA ohne schwere Organbeteiligung ist die
IL-5 Blockade mit Mepolizumab zugelassen.
Myopie(progression) – welche präventiven Ansätze sind sinnvoll?
Authors: Wabbels Bettina
Published: November 2022

Weltweit nimmt die Anzahl myoper Menschen stark zu, und damit wird zukünftig auch die Zahl der Patienten mit Folgeerkrankungen wie myoper Makulopathie und Netzhautablösungen steigen. Daher
sind präventive Ansätze in den Fokus gerückt, die die Progression der Myopie im Kindes- und Jugendalter reduzieren sollen. Neben der Modifikation von Umweltfaktoren sind pharmakologische und
optische Methoden möglich.
Tonometrie: Rückblick und Ausblick (Teil 1)
Authors: Yaïci Rémi , Geerling Gerd
Published: November 2022

Der intraokulare Druck (IOD) ist ein wichtiger physikalischer Parameter der Physiologie des Auges. Ein erhöhter IOD wurde früh als Ätiologie für Augenerkrankungen vermutet. In diesem 1.
Teil des Beitrags wird neben den physiologischen Grundlagen die Kontakttonometrie vorgestellt, die sowohl die erste instrumentelle Methode mit den Indentationstonometern als auch den
Goldstandard mit dem Goldmann-Applanationstonometer darstellt.
Assessment of DOAC in GEriatrics (Adage Study): Rivaroxaban/Apixaban Concentrations and Thrombin Generation Profiles in NVAF Very Elderly Patients
Authors: Foulon-Pinto Geoffrey , Lafuente-Lafuente Carmelo , Jourdi Georges , Guen Julien Le , Tall Fatoumata , Puymirat Etienne , Delrue Maxime , Rivière Léa , Ketz Flora , Gouin-Thibault Isabelle , Mullier François , Gaussem Pascale , Pautas Eric , Lecompte Thomas , Curis Emmanuel , Siguret Virginie
Published: November 2022

Background Although a growing number of very elderly patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), multiple conditions, and polypharmacy receive direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), few studies specifically investigated both apixaban/rivaroxaban pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in such patients.

Aims To investigate: (1) DOAC concentration–time profiles; (2) thrombin generation (TG); and (3) clinical outcomes 6 months after inclusion in very elderly AF in-patients receiving rivaroxaban or apixaban.

Methods Adage-NCT02464488 was an academic prospective exploratory multicenter study, enrolling AF in-patients aged ≥80 years, receiving DOAC for at least 4 days. Each patient had one to five blood samples at different time points over 20 days. DOAC concentrations were determined using chromogenic assays. TG was investigated using ST-Genesia (STG-ThromboScreen, STG-DrugScreen).

Results We included 215 patients (women 71.1%, mean age: 87 ± 4 years), 104 rivaroxaban and 111 apixaban, and 79.5% receiving reduced-dose regimen. We observed important inter-individual variabilities (coefficient of variation) whatever the regimen, at C
max [49–46%] and C
min [75–61%] in 15 mg rivaroxaban and 2.5 mg apixaban patients, respectively. The dose regimen was associated with C
max and C
min plasma concentrations in apixaban (p = 0.0058 and p = 0.0222, respectively), but not in rivaroxaban samples (multivariate analysis). Moreover, substantial variability of thrombin peak height (STG-ThromboScreen) was noticed at a given plasma concentration for both xabans, suggesting an impact of the underlying coagulation status on TG in elderly in-patients. After 6-month follow-up, major bleeding/thromboembolic event/death rates were 6.7%/1.0%/17.3% in rivaroxaban and 5.4%/3.6%/18.9% in apixaban patients, respectively.

Conclusion Our study provides original data in very elderly patients receiving DOAC in a real-life setting, showing great inter-individual variability in plasma concentrations and TG parameters. Further research is needed to understand the potential clinical impact of these findings.
Comparison of bleeding following gastrointestinal endoscopic biopsy in patients treated with and without direct oral anticoagulants
Authors: Konishi Takaaki , Ono Sachiko , Okada Akira , Matsui Hiroki , Tanabe Masahiko , Seto Yasuyuki , Yasunaga Hideo
Published: November 2022

Background and study aims Despite the widespread use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), the association between DOAC use and complications (e. g., bleeding) following gastrointestinal endoscopic biopsy remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate complications after biopsy in patients treated with DOACs in Japan, where biopsies would be generally performed without DOAC withdrawal based on guideline recommendations.

Patients and methods Using a Japanese nationwide database, we identified patients taking DOACs who underwent gastrointestinal endoscopic biopsy (n  = 2,769, DOAC group) and those not taking DOACs (n = 129,357, control group) from April 2015 to November 2020. We conducted 1:4 propensity score (PS) matching and overlap PS-weighting analyses with adjustment for background characteristics to compare occurrence of post-procedure hemorrhage and stroke within 1 week after biopsy, and thrombin use on the day of biopsy without a diagnosis of hemorrhage.

Results In total, 578 patients (0.44 %) developed post-procedure hemorrhage, and 13 patients (0.01 %) developed stroke. The DOAC group had more comorbidities than the control group. The PS matching analysis revealed no significant differences in post-procedure hemorrhage (odds ratio, 1.52 [95 % confidential interval, 0.96–2.41]) or stroke (1.00 [0.21–4.71]), whereas the DOAC group received thrombin more often than the control group (1.60 [1.30–1.95]). The results were equivalent in the overlap PS-weighting analysis.

Conclusions The PS analyses showed no significant differences in complications following gastrointestinal endoscopic biopsy between DOAC users and non-users. These results suggest the safety of endoscopic biopsy without DOAC withdrawal although the need for careful hemostasis remains.
Concluding Remarks
Authors: Bangga Galih
Published: November 2022

We are doing really well by reaching this far. It is hoped that the book has provided insights into wind turbine aerodynamics, especially in dealing with computational based approaches. Much information has been given in the book, and here we will list a few of them and their implications for further studies.
A global analysis of matches and mismatches between human genetic and linguistic histories
Authors: Barbieri Chiara , Blasi Damián E. , Arango-Isaza Epifanía , Sotiropoulos Alexandros G. , Hammarström Harald , Wichmann Søren , Greenhill Simon J. , Gray Russell D. , Forkel Robert , Bickel Balthasar , Shimizu Kentaro K.
Published: November 2022

Human history is written in both our genes and our languages. The extent to which our biological and linguistic histories are congruent has been the subject of considerable debate, with clear examples of both matches and mismatches. To disentangle the patterns of demographic and cultural transmission, we need a global systematic assessment of matches and mismatches. Here, we assemble a genomic database (GeLaTo, or Genes and Languages Together) specifically curated to investigate genetic and linguistic diversity worldwide. We find that most populations in GeLaTo that speak languages of the same language family (i.e., that descend from the same ancestor language) are also genetically highly similar. However, we also identify nearly 20% mismatches in populations genetically close to linguistically unrelated groups. These mismatches, which occur within the time depth of known linguistic relatedness up to about 10,000 y, are scattered around the world, suggesting that they are a regular outcome in human history. Most mismatches result from populations shifting to the language of a neighboring population that is genetically different because of independent demographic histories. In line with the regularity of such shifts, we find that only half of the language families in GeLaTo are genetically more cohesive than expected under spatial autocorrelations. Moreover, the genetic and linguistic divergence times of population pairs match only rarely, with Indo-European standing out as the family with most matches in our sample. Together, our database and findings pave the way for systematically disentangling demographic and cultural history and for quantifying processes of shifts in language and social identities on a global scale.
Particle characterization using optical measurements and neural networks
Authors: Moon Chi Young , Edwards Caitlyn , Byun Gwibo , Lowe K Todd
Published: November 2022

We present a novel optical particle sensor technique using artificial neural networks. This method relies on observations of light scattering and extinction by particles as input features to a trained neural network, which provides relevant particle distribution and representative shape for an integrated particle mass flow estimation. The models are trained on artificial data, generated for particles that the sensor is likely to encounter. The feasibility of our method is demonstrated through an experimental measurement of solid sand particles injected into a high-speed wind tunnel. The results show accurate estimations of the injected sand mass flow and particle size statistics, with a sand mass flow root-mean-square error of 0.28 g min−1 or 4.1

%

from the monitored rate using a precision scale. This measurement framework paves the way for sensor applications in harsh operating environments with limited optical access.
Surface-directed and bulk spinodal decomposition compete to decide the morphology of bimetallic nanoparticles
Authors: Pankaj P , Bhattacharyya S , Chatterjee S
Published: November 2022

An embedded-domain phase-field formalism is used for studying phase transformation pathways in bimetallic nanoparticles (BNPs). Competition of bulk and surface-directed spinodal decomposition processes and their interplay with capillarity are identified as the main determinants of BNP morphology. Two dimensionless groups are found to reflect this competition and interaction: (a) the ratio of bulk to capillary driving forces (

Δ

f
˜

), and (b) ratio of difference in surface energies to the interfacial energy which relates to the three-phase contact angle (θ). The simulated morphologies, namely, core–shell, Janus and inverse core–shell, are found to cluster neatly into distinct regions of the

Δ

f
˜

-θ space. To connect phase-field simulations with specific BNP systems, the variation of θ with

Δ

f
˜

as a function of temperature is computed for Ag–Cu using a CALPHAD approach. The computed

Δ

f
˜

-θ trajectory for Ag–Cu, when superimposed on the morphology map derived from simulations, enabled the prediction of different morphological transitions as a function of temperature. Therefore, by providing an alternative and efficient approach to connect phase-field simulations with CALPAHD, the study demonstrates a unique computational framework that can assist in tailoring nanoparticle morphology through a variation of processing parameters.
Improvising an apparatus for teaching sound waves using smartphones
Authors: Gabunilas Lowell M , Santos Katrina Jhoanne M , Buar Cara Luz , Castillo Judy Mae L , Pili Unofre B
Published: November 2022

Laboratory experience is integral to science education. However, access to quality science laboratory equipment is a major challenge faced by many educational institutions in developing countries. This paper reports on an improvisation of an apparatus for teaching sound waves using smartphones and materials that are easy to obtain from the community. The Kundt’s Tube is a traditional apparatus for measuring the speed of sound in air. In science education, it is used as an instructional tool for teaching sound waves in high school physics and introductory college physics. Our improvised Kundt’s tube utilized a Polyvinyl chloride pipe for the main tube and two smartphones for producing and sensing sound. Using the improvised apparatus, we were able to create longitudinal standing waves and measure the speed of sound in air to within 3.76% of the theoretical value. Thus, the improvised Kundt’s tube is fit for use in high school physics and general physics laboratories. In addition, the materials used are easily accessible and readily available which makes the apparatus very economical.
Observations of Brillouin scattering process in Particle-In-Cell simulations for laser pulse interacting with magnetized overdense plasma
Authors: Goswami Laxman Prasad , Dhalia Trishul , Juneja Rohit , Maity Srimanta , Das Sathi , Das Amita
Published: November 2022

Parametric processes play an important role in applications related to laser plasma interaction [P K Kaw, Review of Modern Plasma Physics, 1.1 (2017)]. Occurrence of these processes has primarily been reported in the context of laser interacting with an un-magnetized plasma. The regime of magnetized plasma, on the other hand, has remained largely unexplored from this perspective. Recent technological advancements in the production of high magnetic fields [Nakamura, Daisuke, et al, Review of Scientific Instruments, 89.9, 095106 (2018)] bring the area of laser interaction with magnetized plasma targets to the forefront of investigation. In this study, the parametric process of Brillouin scattering for a magnetised plasma target has been demonstrated with the help of one dimensional Particle-in-cell simulations using the platform of OSIRIS-4.0. The external magnetic field has been chosen to be directed along the laser propagation direction. This geometry supports the propagation of right (R) and left (L) circularly polarized electromagnetic waves in the plasma when the laser frequency falls in the appropriate pass band of the respective dispersion curves. A detailed study identifying the scattering process with differing strengths of the applied external magnetic field, and for various polarizations of the incident electromagnetic pulse has been carried out. The conditions favouring the excitation of parametric Brillouin scattering process has been outlined. The nonlinear regime of the scattering process has also been investigated.
Improved RF-DC characteristics and reduced gate leakage in GaN MOS-HEMTs using thermally grown Nb2O5 gate dielectric
Authors: Bhardwaj Navneet , Upadhyay Bhanu B , Parvez Bazila , Pohekar Prachi , Yadav Yogendra , Sahu Arpit , Patil Mahalaxmi , Basak Subhajit , Sahu Jyoti , Sabiha Farheen Shamim Ahmed , Ganguly Swaroop , Saha Dipankar
Published: November 2022

This work demonstrates the improvement in DC and RF characteristics and a reduction in the gate leakage current for thermally grown Nb2O5 as a gate dielectric in AlGaN/GaN metal–oxide–semiconductor high electron-mobility transistors (MOS-HEMTs). The MOS-HEMTs with an amorphous 10 nm thick Nb2O5 as the gate dielectric show a reduced gate leakage current of 10−9 A mm−1. Nb2O5 thin film creates a tensile strain in the AlGaN layer, enhancing the density of two-dimension electron gas (2-DEG). The performance of the device also improves in terms of saturation drain current, peak transconductance, subthreshold swing, and unity current gain frequency. An increase in the source-to-drain ON/OFF current ratio to 108 and a significant reduction in the subthreshold leakage current by at least two orders of magnitude are measured compared to the control HEMTs.
The Bonnor-Melvin magnetic 2 + 1 + p-brane solution in gravity coupled to nonlinear electrodynamics
Authors: Mazharimousavi S Habib
Published: November 2022

In this work, we present a 2 + 1 + p-brane solution in Einstein’s gravity coupled to the nonlinear electrodynamic with the Lagrangian density

−

F

μ
ν

F

μ
ν

powered by a true uniform magnetic field. The three and four-dimensional solutions coincide with the recently reported Bonnor-Melvin universe with a cosmological constant in gravity coupled with Maxwell’s linear Lagrangian in [50] and [7], respectively. The magnetic fields are produced by electric currents through coil-type wires located periodically with the discreet radii. The invariants of the spacetime are regular/constant everywhere but nonzero and proportional to Maxwell’s invariant.
High photoluminescence intensity of heterostructure AlGaN-based DUV-LED through uniform carrier distribution
Authors: Hairol Aman Mohammad Amirul , Ahmad Fajri Faris Azim , Ahmad Noorden Ahmad Fakhrurrazi , Daud Suzairi , Bahadoran Mahdi , Abdul Kadir Muhammad Zamzuri
Published: November 2022

We report a numerical analysis of the variation of Aluminium (Al) composition in Al Gallium Nitride (AlGaN)-based Deep-Ultraviolet Light-Emitting Diode (DUV-LED) and its effects on the carrier concentration, radiative recombination, and photoluminescence (PL). Three different structures with different Al compositions are compared and analyzed. The radiative recombination of the DUV-LED is less efficient due to the imbalance of carrier distribution. The findings show that the uniform electrons and holes distribution significantly improve the radiative recombination for structure with a thin step-shaped quantum well (QW). The simulated structure emits a wavelength of 302.874 nm, categorized in the ultraviolet-B (UV-B) spectrum. Our results imply that carrier uniformity in QW is required to enhance the light intensity of DUV-LED. Remarkably, the uniformity enhances the PL intensity drastically, at least six times higher than the first structure and twice higher than the second structure.
A simple quantum model for solving two-electron diatomics approximately
Authors: Pérez Paz Alejandro
Published: November 2022

Analytical expressions are obtained for the total energy of two-electron heteronuclear diatomics using a minimal basis set consisting of a 1S-Gaussian orbital centered on each atom and a Heitler-London trial wavefunction. The equations are applied to the recently discovered helium hydride cation (2019, Nature
568, 357–9) to understand its stability. Special attention was given to the fulfillment of the virial theorem and the different limiting cases (homonuclear diatomics, short and long internuclear distances). The correctness of equations and numerical results was confirmed via a brute-force Metropolis Monte Carlo integration. Expressions for the moments of the electron density (including the dipole moments) were obtained. The effect of the spin state on the dipole moment is discussed and the model agrees qualitatively with results from more advanced ab initio calculations. I also applied the model to study the metastable helium dimer dication (

He

2

++

) and the predicted bond length (0.7359 Å) is in good agreement with the experimental value (0.75 ± 0.02 Å). The advantages and limitations of this simple quantum model are discussed.
Group 14 elements in the Cmcm phase with a direct band structure for photoelectric application
Authors: Fan Qingyang , Sun Yichao , Zhao Yingbo , Song Yanxing , Yun Sining
Published: November 2022

This work presents two novel group 14 element allotropes, oC24 Si24 and oC24 Ge24, and the physical properties of oC24 C24, oC24 Si24, and oC24 Ge24 are studied in detail by means of first-principles calculations. The mechanical stability, dynamic stability, and thermodynamic stability of oC24 Si24 and oC24 Ge24 are proven by the elastic parameters, phonon spectrum, and relative enthalpy, respectively. According to the B/G value, all oC24 C24, oC24 Si24, and oC24 Ge24 are brittle materials. By analysing the directional dependence of Young’s modulus, it is clear that oC24 Si24 possesses the largest mechanical anisotropy. From the electronic properties, it can be concluded that oC24 Si24 is a semiconductor material with a direct band gap of 1.047 eV, which suggests that oC24 Si24 may be suitable to make solar cells. More importantly, the light absorption ability of oC24 Si24 is stronger than that of diamond Si in the visible light region. In addition, the κ

min
of oC24 Si24 and oC24 Ge24 have better thermal conductivity, indicating that oC24 Si24 and oC24 Ge24 have great application potential in solar cells, optoelectronic devices and other microelectronic devices.
Constraining CMB physical processes using Planck 2018 data
Authors: Ruiz-Granda M. , Vielva P.
Published: November 2022

This paper aims to perform a phenomenological parametrisation of the standard cosmological
model, ΛCDM, to weigh the different physical processes that define the pattern of the
angular power spectra of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) anisotropies. We use six
phenomenological amplitudes to account for the Sachs-Wolfe, early and late Integrated Sachs-Wolfe,
polarization contribution, Doppler and lensing effects. To do so, we have adapted the
CLASS Boltzmann code and used the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampler of
Cobaya to explore the Planck 2018 likelihood to constrain different combinations of
cosmological and phenomenological parameters. Observing deviations of the mean values of the
phenomenological amplitudes from the predictions of the ΛCDM model could be useful to
resolve existing cosmological tensions. For the first time, a comprehensive analysis of the
physical processes of the CMB has been performed using the Planck 2018 temperature, polarization
and lensing power spectra. In a previous work, the phenomenological amplitudes were constrained
using only the TT data, however, by including the polarization and lensing data we find that the
constraints on these physical contributions are tighter. In addition, some degeneracies that
appear only when considering TT data are completely broken by taking into account all Planck 2018
data. Consequently, models with more than three phenomenological amplitudes can be studied, which
is prohibitive when only the temperature power spectrum is used. The results presented in this
paper show that the Planck experiment can constrain all phenomenological amplitudes except the
late Integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect. No inconsistencies were found with the ΛCDM model, and
the largest improvements were obtained for the models that include the lensing parameter, AL
.
Realization of the triple point of carbon dioxide in a transportable cell using long-stem SPRTs
Authors: Liang Yu , Zhang J T , Feng X J , Qiu P
Published: November 2022

The action of the Minamata Convention requests in the near term to develop alternative fixed points to replace the mercury triple point (Hg TP) from the set of the defining points of the International Temperature Scale (ITS) of 1990. Carbon dioxide (CO2) TP is a candidate that exhibits the advantages of high chemical and physical stability and low health risk, and the disadvantage of relatively high pressure at room temperature. We report our study on the realization of the CO2 TP using long-stem standard platinum resistance thermometers (SPRTs). We present a novel design for a CO2 TP cell with thermometer immersion depth extending from 110 –200 mm with no increase in sample gas pressure. The outer dimension of the new cell is suitable for a drop-in compatible replacement of a normal cell for the Hg TP. We realized 14 plateaus of the CO2 TP using two long-stem SPRTs over a span of 12 months. The mean temperature at the CO2 TP is 216.591 30 (36) K at the melt fraction F = 0.5 and 216.591 36 (37) K at F = 1.0. Within the given uncertainties, the uncertainty arising from the transformation to ITS-90 contributes a major part of 0.29 –0.30 mK. The uncertainty formed by the pressure-head effect and the axial heat leak through the thermometer well of the new cell, the impurities of the sample gas and the inaccuracy of the electronic instruments contribute a smaller part of 0.21 –0.22 mK. The plateaus consistently exhibit small slopes of heights of less than 0.21 mK and time spans from 147 –347 h between F = 0.3 and F = 0.75. The small slopes of the plateaus demonstrate the repeatability of 0.056 and 0.059 mK, respectively, for the melt fraction F = 0.5 and 1.0, and the long-term stability of 0.031 mK.
Safe liquid scintillators for large scale detectors
Authors: Bonhomme A. , Buck C. , Gramlich B. , Raab M.
Published: November 2022

Many experiments in particle physics, in particular in the field of neutrino searches, rely on organic liquid scintillators as target and detection material. The size of these detectors was continously growing in the last decades, up to the kiloton scale. In several cases these detectors are located at sites with enhanced safety requirements such as underground laboratories or in the vicinity of nuclear reactors. Therefore, there is strong demand in liquids which are safe with respect to aspects such as fire protection, human health or environmental pollution. The flash point, the vapor pressure or the toxicity need to be significantly improved as compared to classical solvents such as xylene or pseudocumene. We present and compare the performance and optical properties of scintillators based on high flash point solvents. In particular, polysiloxane based scintillators are characterized by outstanding properties in terms of safety.
Double-hit separation and dE/dx resolution of a time projection chamber with GEM readout
Authors: Aoki Y. , Attié D. , Behnke T. , Bellerive A. , Bezshyyko O. , Bhattacharya D.S. , Bhattacharya P. , Bhattacharya S. , Chang Y. , Colas P. , De Lentdecker G. , Dehmelt K. , Desch K. , Diener R. , Dixit M. , Einhaus U. , Fedorchuk O. , Fleck I. , Fujii K. , Fusayasu T. , Ganjour S. , Gros P. , Hayman P. , Ikematsu K. , Jönsson L. , Kaminski J. , Kato Y. , Kleinwort C. , Kluit P.M. , Kobayashi M. , Krämer U. , Lundberg B. , Lupberger M. , Majumdar N. , Malek P. , Matsuda T. , Mjörnmark U. , Mukhopadhyay S. , Müller F. , Münnich A. , Nakajima J. , Narita S. , Negishi K. , Ogawa T. , Oskarsson A. , Österman L. , Peterson D. , Qi H. , Riallot M. , Rosemann C. , Roth S. , Schade P. , Schäfer O. , Settles R.D. , Shirazi A.N. , Shoji A. , Smirnova O. , Sugiyama A. , Takahashi T. , Timmermans J. , Titov M. , Tsionou D. , Vauth A. , Watanabe T. , Werthenbach U. , Wu M. , Yang Y. , Yonamine R. , Yuan Z. , Yumino K. , Zhang F.
Published: November 2022

A time projection chamber (TPC) with micropattern gaseous detector (MPGD) readout is investigated as main tracking device of the International Large Detector (ILD) concept at the planned International Linear Collider (ILC).
A prototype TPC equipped with a triple gas electron multiplier (GEM) readout has been built and operated in an electron test beam.
The TPC was placed in a 1 T solenoidal field at the DESY II Test Beam Facility, which provides an electron beam up to 6 GeV/c.
The performance of the readout modules, in particular the spatial point resolution, is determined and compared to earlier tests. New studies are presented with first results on the separation of close-by tracks and the capability of the system to measure the specific energy loss dE/dx.
This is complemented by a simulation study on the optimization of the readout granularity to improve particle identification by dE/dx.
A review on digital mapping of soil carbon in cropland: progress, challenge, and prospect
Authors: Huang Haili , Yang Lin , Zhang Lei , Pu Yue , Yang Chenconghai , Wu Qi , Cai Yanyan , Shen Feixue , Zhou Chenghu
Published: November 2022

Cropland soil carbon not only serves food security but also contributes to the stability of the terrestrial ecosystem carbon pool due to the strong interconnection with atmospheric carbon dioxide. Therefore, the better monitoring of soil carbon in cropland is helpful for carbon sequestration and sustainable soil management. However, severe anthropogenic disturbance in cropland mainly in gentle terrain creates uncertainty in obtaining accurate soil information with limited sample data. Within the past 20 years, digital soil mapping has been recognized as a promising technology in mapping soil carbon. Herein, to advance existing knowledge and highlight new directions, the article reviews the research on mapping soil carbon in cropland from 2005 to 2021. There is a significant shift from linear statistical models to machine learning models because nonlinear models may be more efficient in explaining the complex soil-environment relationship. Climate covariates and parent material play an important role in soil carbon on the regional scale, while on a local scale, the variability of soil carbon often depends on topography, agricultural management, and soil properties. Recently, several kinds of agricultural covariates have been explored in mapping soil carbon based on survey or remote sensing technique, while, obtaining agricultural covariates with high resolution remains a challenge. Based on the review, we concluded several challenges in three categories: sampling, agricultural covariates, and representation of soil processes in models. We thus propose a conceptual framework with four future strategies: representative sampling strategies, establishing standardized monitoring and sharing system to acquire more efficient crop management information, exploring time-series sensing data, as well as integrating pedological knowledge into predictive models. It is intended that this review will support prospective researchers by providing knowledge clusters and gaps concerning the digital mapping of soil carbon in cropland.
Subdiffusive continuous time random walks with power-law resetting
Authors: Shkilev V P , Sokolov I M
Published: November 2022

In the present work we revisit the problem of the behavior of a subdiffusive continuous time random walk (CTRW) under resetting. The resetting process is considered as a renewal process with power-law distribution of waiting times between the resetting events. We consider both the case of complete resetting, when an ordinary CTRW starts anew after the resetting event, and the case of incomplete resetting, when the internal memory of CTRW is nor erased by the resetting event, and the CTRW restarts as an aged one. Using a special representation for the waiting time distribution in resetting, we obtained closed-form expressions for the probability density of displacements and for the mean first passage time to a given point under complete resetting, and asymptotic forms for the probability density of displacements (including prefactors) in the case of incomplete resetting.
Semi-discrete Lagrangian 2-forms and the Toda hierarchy
Authors: Sleigh Duncan , Vermeeren Mats
Published: November 2022

We present a variational theory of integrable differential-difference equations (semi-discrete integrable systems). This is an extension of the ideas known by the names ‘Lagrangian multiforms’ and ‘Pluri-Lagrangian systems’, which have previously been established in both the fully discrete and fully continuous cases. The main feature of these ideas is to capture a hierarchy of commuting equations in a single variational principle. Semi-discrete Lagrangian multiforms provide a new way to relate differential-difference equations and partial differential equations. We discuss this relation in the context of the Toda lattice, which is part of an integrable hierarchy of differential-difference equations, each of which involves a derivative with respect to a continuous variable and a number of lattice shifts. We use the theory of semi-discrete Lagrangian multiforms to derive PDEs in the continuous variables of the Toda hierarchy, which hold as a consequence of the differential-difference equations, but do not involve any lattice shifts. As a second example, we briefly discuss the semi-discrete potential Korteweg-de Vries equation, which is related to the Volterra lattice.
Synthesis, structural, Morphological, optical, and magnetic properties of Li2−2x
Ni
x
Al2x
Fe2−2x
O4, (x = 0,0.4, and 0.5) nanoparticles
Authors: Abd elfadeel G , Venkatachalapathy R , Saddeek Y , Manoharan C , Venkateshwarlu M
Published: November 2022

Spinel lithium nickel aluminium ferrite nanoparticles (Li2–2x
Ni
x
Al2x
Fe2–2x
O4), (x = 0.0, 0.4, and 0.5) were prepared through the low temperature solution combustion method. Urea is employed as a fuel for the burning process. The synthesised samples are subjected to thermal analysis, x-ray diffraction, Fourier transformation infrared, Fourier transformation Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction, ultraviolet-visible light spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometry techniques. The thermal analysis revealed a combustion reaction occurring at around 300 °C. The structural and morphology results confirmed the nanoparticle nature and required material composition. The structural, optical, and magnetic properties significantly change, all of the particle size, band gap, coercivity, remnant magnetisation, and squareness ratio revealed a decreasing trend, while the dislocation density, micro-strain, saturation magnetisation, and the magnetic moment revealed a reverse trend as increment of Al and Ni content. The obtained optical, and magnetic properties confirm that the prepared materials are optically active, and soft ferrite nanoparticles. The ease of preparation method, observed good optical and magnetic properties together with cheap and environmentally benign precursor’s sources make achieved nanoparticles as promising material for nonlinear optics, microwave devices, and memory recording and storage applications.
The spectrum analysis of RMP coils with multiple connection modes and the design of high field side coils on J-TEXT
Authors: REN Zhengkang , LI Da , WANG Nengchao , MAO Feiyue , HUANG Zhuo , ZHOU Song , JIA Ruo , HE Ying , SHEN Chengshuo , BALA Abba Alhaji , RAO Bo , DING Yonghua
Published: November 2022

The phase difference Δξ between locked islands (2/1 and 3/1) has been found to influence the heat transport on the thermal quench during disruptions by numerical modeling [Hu Q et al 2019 Nucl. Fusion
59, 016005]. To verify this experimentally, a set of resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) coils is required to excite coupled magnetic islands with different Δξ. The spectrum analysis shows that the current RMP coils on J-TEXT can only produce sufficient 2/1 and 3/1 RMP fields with a limited phase difference of Δξ∈[−75°, 75°]. In order to broaden the adjustable range of Δξ, a set of coils on the high field side (HFS) is proposed to generate 2/1 and 3/1 RMP fields with Δξ = 180°. As a result, RMPs with adjustable Δξ∈[−180°, 180°] and sufficient amplitudes could be achieved by applying the HFS coils and the low field side (LFS) coils. This work provides a feasible solution for flexible adjustment of the phase difference between m and m + 1 RMP, which might facilitate the study of major disruptions and their control.
Reflections on mentorship as an early career researcher
Authors: Lerit Dorothy A.
Published: November 2022

It is my great honor to receive the 2022 Günter Blobel Early Career Award from the American Society for Cell Biology. Reflecting upon my research and career trajectory, I recognize the incredible support of my mentors and the hard work of everyone within my lab. I have always relied on a network of advisors and colleagues who supported me throughout my scientific journey. To better support my own trainees, I endeavor to pass on lessons learned while continuously developing and strengthening my own leadership potential. I am a relentless advocate for the success of my trainees, a legacy I pass on from my own mentors.
Preprint Highlight: Actin-driven protrusions generate rapid long-range membrane tension propagation in cells
Authors: De Lora Jacqueline A.
Published: November 2022

The distribution of long-range membrane tension across a cell is controversial. Previous studies find either that cell membranes do not propagate tension or that membrane tension propagation is potentially coupled to protrusions. Further, it is unclear whether the actin cortex resists or contributes to membrane tension. This work combined optogenetic activation of actin-driven membrane protrusions for generating local endogenous tension with dual-optical trapping for measuring and manipulating exogenous membrane tension. This powerful combination of techniques showed that the plasma membrane and actin cortex are integrated in long-range membrane tension propagation. The authors developed a composite mechanical model that predicts this integration and was experimentally validated. This study demonstrates that cell membrane tension is intrinsically coupled to actin cytoskeleton dynamics and challenges previous findings.
Preprint Highlight: Force-dependent recruitment of Piezo1 drives adhesion maturation and calcium entry in normal but not tumor cells
Authors: Seldin Lindsey
Published: November 2022

Piezo1 is a mechanosensitive ion channel implicated in focal adhesion dynamics. This study investigates whether there is direct cross-talk between matrix mechanosensing and Piezo1 channel gating in normal and transformed cells. Live imaging, photobleaching, drug treatments, and gene knockdown approaches in human cell lines are used to characterize Piezo1's role at focal adhesions in 15 cell types. Piezo1 exhibits force-dependent recruitment and activates local calcium signals at focal adhesions to promote adhesion disassembly in normal cells but not in cancer cells. This work establishes a direct connection between two distinct mechanosensing systems, ion channels and cell–matrix adhesions. The role of Piezo1 in processes such as tumor angiogenesis and vascular development underscores the need to mechanistically understand its distinctive functions in normal versus cancer cells.
Characterization of a new Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolated from banana stems and its mutant with l-leucine accumulation for awamori brewing
Authors: Tsukahara Masatoshi , Isogai Shota , Azuma Haruna , Tsukahara Keiko , Toyokawa Yoichi , Takagi Hiroshi
Published: November 2022

We isolated a new strain of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 35a14, from banana stems in Okinawa. This strain did not belong to any industrial yeast groups in a phylogenetic tree and produced high levels of alcohol. Furthermore, awamori, an Okinawa's traditional distilled alcoholic beverage, brewed with an l-leucine overproducing mutant derived from 35a14 showed a high concentration of isoamyl acetate.
A Dynamic Heterogeneous Graph Convolution Network For Traffic Flow Prediction
Authors: Li He , Jin Duo , Li XueJiao , Qiao Shaojie
Published: November 2022

Traffic prediction has attracted a lot of attention in recent years. However, it is challenging due to the dynamic and heterogeneous spatial–temporal correlations. Most of the existing methods adopt the attention mechanism to capture the dynamic spatial features, but it is difficult for the attention mechanism to learn the real-time change of spatial dependencies, which restrict accurate spatial dependencies learning. Furthermore, most methods are out at elbows when solving heterogeneous spatial–temporal data. To overcome these problems, we propose a novel traffic prediction model called Dynamic spatial–temporal Heterogeneous Graph Convolution Network. Different from the existing methods, we have designed a dynamic localized graph and a corresponding adaptive localized graph convolution network, which are capable of simultaneously capturing dynamic and heterogeneous spatial correlations. We propose a gated adaptive temporal convolution network to capture the temporal heterogeneity of traffic data and enjoy global receptive fields. Finally, a global correlations fusion network is provided to incorporate the global spatial–temporal correlations. Compared with 11 baselines, our proposed model achieves state-of-the-art performance in the accuracy of prediction.
Modelling the impact of condition-dependent responses and lipid-store availability on the consequences of disturbance in a cetacean
Authors: Burslem Alec , Isojunno Saana , Pirotta Enrico , Miller Patrick J O
Published: November 2022

Lipid-store body condition is fundamental to how animals cope with environmental fluctuations, including anthropogenic change. As it provides an energetic buffer, body condition is expected to influence risk-taking strategies, with both positive and negative relationships between body condition and risk-taking posited in the literature. Individuals in good condition may take more risks due to state-dependent safety (‘ability-based’ explanation), or alternatively fewer risks due to asset protection and reduced need to undertake risky foraging (‘needs-based’ explanation). Such state-dependent responses could drive non-linear impacts of anthropogenic activities through feedback between body condition and behavioural disturbance. Here, we present a simple bioenergetic model that explicitly incorporates hypothetical body condition-dependent response strategies for a cetacean, the sperm whale. The model considered the consequences of state-dependent foraging cessation and availability of wax ester (WE) lipids for calf provisioning and female survival. We found strikingly different consequences of disturbance depending on strategy and WE availability scenarios. Compared with the null strategy, where responses to disturbance were independent of body condition, the needs-based strategy mitigated predicted reductions in provisioning by 10%–13%, while the ability-based strategy exaggerated reductions by 63%–113%. Lower WE availability resulted in more extreme outcomes because energy stores were smaller relative to the daily energy balance. In the 0% availability scenario, while the needs-based strategy reduced deaths by 100%, the ability-based strategy increased them by 335% relative to null and by 56% relative to the same strategy under the 5%–6.7% WE availability scenario. These results highlight that state-dependent disturbance responses and energy store availability could substantially impact the population consequences of disturbance. Our ability to set appropriate precautionary disturbance thresholds therefore requires empirical tests of ability- vs needs-based response modification as a function of body condition and a clearer understanding of energy store availability.
Phenotypic plasticity as a facilitator of microbial evolution
Authors: Santiago Emerson , Moreno David F , Acar Murat
Published: November 2022

Tossed about by the tides of history, the inheritance of acquired characteristics has found a safe harbor at last in the rapidly expanding field of epigenetics. The slow pace of genetic variation and high opportunity cost associated with maintaining a diverse genetic pool are well-matched by the flexibility of epigenetic traits, which can enable low-cost exploration of phenotypic space and reactive tuning to environmental pressures. Aiding in the generation of a phenotypically plastic population, epigenetic mechanisms often provide a hotbed of innovation for countering environmental pressures, while the potential for genetic fixation can lead to strong epigenetic–genetic evolutionary synergy. At the level of cells and cellular populations, we begin this review by exploring the breadth of mechanisms for the storage and intergenerational transmission of epigenetic information, followed by a brief review of common and exotic epigenetically regulated phenotypes. We conclude by offering an in-depth coverage of recent papers centered around two critical issues: the evolvability of epigenetic traits through Baldwinian adaptive phenotypic plasticity and the potential for synergy between epigenetic and genetic evolution.
Provenance of rhizobial symbionts is similar for invasive and noninvasive acacias introduced to California
Authors: Klock Metha M , Urbina Hector G , Barrett Luke G , Thrall Peter H , Harms Kyle E
Published: November 2022

Plant–soil interactions can be important drivers of biological invasions. In particular, the symbiotic relationship between legumes and nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria (i.e. rhizobia) may be influential in invasion success. Legumes, including Australian acacias, have been introduced into novel ranges around the world. Our goal was to examine the acacia–rhizobia symbiosis to determine whether cointroduction of non-native mutualists plays a role in invasiveness of introduced legumes. To determine whether acacias were introduced abroad concurrently with native symbionts, we selected four species introduced to California (two invasive and two noninvasive in the region) and identified rhizobial strains associating with each species in their native and novel ranges. We amplified three genes to examine phylogenetic placement (16S rRNA) and provenance (nifD and nodC) of rhizobia associating with acacias in California and Australia. We found that all Acacia species, regardless of invasive status, are associating with rhizobia of Australian origin in their introduced ranges, indicating that concurrent acacia–rhizobia introductions have occurred for all species tested. Our results suggest that cointroduction of rhizobial symbionts may be involved in the establishment of non-native acacias in their introduced ranges, but do not contribute to the differential invasiveness of Acacia species introduced abroad.
Local tumour residue after microwave ablation for lung cancer: a case report
Authors: Liu Guixian , Gu Miqi , Wang Xin , He Jintao
Published: November 2022

Thermal ablation has become a novel method for the treatment of pulmonary nodules, but the short-time evaluation of the ablation effect is mainly based on computed tomography images. We report a case of local tumour residue after microwave ablation, which was confirmed by pathology after lobectomy. This case alerts us that thermal ablation should not be the preferred treatment for operable pulmonary nodules.
Retweet for justice? Social media message amplification and Black Lives Matter allyship
Authors: Roden Jessica , Kemp Valerie , Saleem Muniba
Published: November 2022

White allies can advance racial justice on social media by amplifying Black activists and educating their White friends. Social media platforms like Twitter and Instagram have different affordances for message amplification, with some showcasing the message creator and others the message amplifier. How might these visibility differences influence the reception of a message created by a Black activist and amplified by a White ally? Two online experiments (N1 = 328, N2 = 328) of White participants found that affordances prioritizing the White message amplifier over the Black message creator led to reduced perceptions of messenger racism when the message was holding White people accountable for the maintenance of racism. However, participants in these conditions also had a harder time identifying that the message creator was indeed a Black activist. These results demonstrate the important nuances of social identity and allyship effects in the context of social media affordances.