bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Remembrance of Things to Come
Authors: Ferris Ben
Published: January 2018

This article considers the limitations of a strictly linear form of classification of student works and contends that there is a merit in approaching the preservation of student films as “ fragments of memory” (in the context of Chris Marker’s non-linear and essentially egalitarian vision of the past / future).

Dans nos moments de rêverie mégalomaniaque, nous avons tendance à voir notre mémoire comme une espèce de livre d’Histoire : nous avons gagné et perdu des batailles, trouvé et perdu des empires. A tout le moins nous sommes les personnages d’un roman classique (’Quel roman que ma vie !’). Une approche plus modeste et peut-être plus fructueuse serait de considérer les fragments d’une mémoire en terms de géographie. Dans toute vie nous trouverions des continents, des îles, des déserts, des marais, des territoires surpeuplés et des terrae incognitae. De cette mémoire nous pourrions dessiner la carte, extraire des images avec plus de facilité (et de vérité) que des contes et légendes. Que le sujet de cette mémoire se trouve être un photographe et un cinéaste ne veut pas dire que sa mémoire est en soi plus intéressante que celle du monsieur qui passe (et encore moins de la dame), mais simplement qu’il a laissé, lui, des traces sur lesquelles on peut travailler, et des contours pour dresser ses cartes. (Chris Marker, Immemory, 1998)

Student films produced at film schools around the world provide a distinctly valuable insight into the world’s “geography” through their sheer diversity, but also authenticity. Just as geographic phenomena assist a cartographer’s reconstruction of the world, so too can student films illuminate the “continents, islands, deserts” of our collective memory.
The Construction of a Graduate Identity: Data-Mining the Student Archive
Authors: McErlean Kelly
Published: January 2018

In ‘ The Stereoscope and the Stereograph’ Oliver Wendell Holmes envisioned libraries of images – images of everything, where the original construct is no longer needed. ‘Matter in large masses must always be fixed and dear ; form is cheap and transportable.’ The physical original gradually degrades and is lost. Yet there are ‘duplicates’ (images, text, video, drawings) in libraries all over the world that describe the ‘original’ in detail. Images have different meanings depending on where and how they are stored and ‘the archive governs the meaning of the images inside it.’

‘Collective Memory’ by Maurice Halbwach. Memory ‘is not preserved but is reconstructed on the basis of the present.’ The archive is the source of this collective activity of ‘shaping’ the past.

Walter Benjamin’s ‘aura.’ Inscriptions that describe art are a testament to ‘its unique existence at the place where it happens to be.’ Educational insitutions in the UK have merged many times over the last 100 years. They selectively archive significant works that were created in-situ. This is a manipulation of the institutional history. The resulting narrative is a construct, created by a storyteller to suit contemporary political and commercial needs.

The New York Times called the Magnum archive a ‘collective photobank of modern culture.’ Yet Magnum largely created the majority of these images. The Magnum archive is one of many image collections that is being meta-tagged. The tagging of images with descriptive metadata will allow future researchers to data mine the content. However, the architecture of the metadating system will have great influence over what is discovered.

Netflix uses the proprietary ‘Netflix Quantum Theory’ – a micro-genre system of microtagged film elements to personalise recommendations for individual viewers. This is also used to identify trends in the viewing habits of specific demographics and ultimately leads to the commissioning of audiovisual product.

Contextual operating systems for archives will operate in a similar manner and will only direct you to ‘appropriate stuff’ that it has ‘decided’ you will be interested in. Google Glass expected to have a contextual OS in 2015.
La mémoire de qui ? Réflexions sur la construction d’archives, ou comment lutter contre les vagues de l’oubli
Authors: Barwell Claire
Published: January 2018

Ce récit personnel du combat mené pour créer des archives de films d’étudiants soulève des questions sur ce qui constitue la mémoire d’une école de cinéma. S’agit-il des oeuvres des étudiants, ou de leurs souvenirs de ce qu’ils ont appris à l’école ?
Lumières sur les archives de l’ENS Louis-Lumière
Authors: Denoyelle Françoise
Published: January 2018

L’École nationale supérieure Louis-Lumière est due à l’initiative d’industriels de la photographie et du cinéma. L’auteur s’attache particulièrement aux origines de l’École qui, après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, a ouvert une section son. Cette particularité a forgé sa spécificité et sa renommée. Avec son passage dans l’enseignement supérieur, elle s’ouvre à la recherche et accentue son intérêt pour la création. Les origines privées de l’École expliquent en partie le peu d’archives concernant sa constitution. Les déménagements successifs ont, eux aussi, largement contribué à la perte de documents administratifs et pédagogiques. Dès lors, une mise en perspective, sur plus de trois-quarts de siècle, du recrutement des étudiants, des enseignants et intervenants ainsi que de la pédagogie développée, s’avère fragmentaire. Sur les origines, il reste peu de choses, en revanche l’obligation d’un mémoire lors du passage de l’École à un cursus Bac+ 5 et l’arrivée du numérique ont permis une collecte d’informations de plus grande ampleur.
Le Souvenir d’un avenir
Authors: Ferris Ben
Published: January 2018

Cet article examine les limites d’une forme strictement linéaire de classification des travaux d’étudiants et affirme le mérite à considérer la préservation des films d’étudiants comme celle de «fragments de mémoire» (dans le cadre de la vision du passé/ présent non linéaire et essentiellement égalitaire de Chris Marker).

Dans nos moments de rêverie mégalomaniaque, nous avons tendance à voir notre mémoire comme une espèce de livre d’Histoire : nous avons gagné et perdu des batailles, trouvé et perdu des empires. A tout le moins nous sommes les personnages d’un roman classique (’Quel roman que ma vie !’). Une approche plus modeste et peut-être plus fructueuse serati de considérer les fragments d’une mémoire en terms de géographie. Dans toute vie nous trouverions des continents, des îles, des déserts, des marais, des territoires surpeuplés et des terrae incognitae. De cette mémoire nous pourrions dessiner la carte, extraire des images avec plus de facilité (et de vérité) que des contes et légendes. Que le sujet de cette mémoire se trouve être un photographe et un cinéaste ne veut pas dire que sa mémoire est en soi plus intéressante que celle du monsieur qui passe (et encore moins de la dame), mais simplement qu’il a laissé, lui, des traces sur lesquelles on peut travailler, et des contours pour dresser ses cartes. (Chris Marker, Immemory, 1998)

En raison de leur pure diversité, mais aussi de leur authenticité, les films d’étudiants produits dans les écoles de cinéma du monde entier fournissent incontestablement une précieuse contribution sur la «géographie» du monde. Tout comme les phénomènes géographiques aident le cartographe à reconstituer le monde, les films d’étudiants peuvent éclairer «les continents, les îles et les déserts» de notre mémoire collective.
« Construction de l’identité des diplômés : exploration des données d’archives des étudiants »
Authors: McErlean Kelly
Published: January 2018

Dans son essai «The Stereoscope and the Stereograph» , Oliver Wendell Holmes imaginait des bibliothèques d’images, de toutes sortes d’images ne nécessitant plus la construction originale. «La matière en grandes masses ne peut qu’être fixe et onéreuse ; la forme, elle, est bon marché et transportable.» L’original physique se dégrade progressivement puis disparaît. Pourtant, les bibliothèques du monde entier conservent des «duplicatas» (images, textes, vidéos, dessins) qui représentent l’ «original» en détail. Les images prennent différentes significations selon l’endroit et la manière dont elles sont conservées, et «les archives gouvernent la signification des images qu’elles contiennent» .

Selon La Mémoire collective de Maurice Halbwachs, le souvenir «est une reconstruction du passé à l’aide de données empruntées au présent» . L’archive est la source de cette activité collective qui consiste à «construire» le passé.

Selon la thèse de Walter Benjamin sur l’aura, les descriptions de l’oeuvre d’art sont un témoignage de «son existence unique à l’endroit où il se trouve qu’elle a pris forme» . Au Royaume-Uni, les institutions éducatives ont fusionné, à de nombreuses reprises, au cours du siècle dernier. Elles archivent de manière sélective des oeuvres significatives qui ont été créées in situ. Il s’agit là d’une manipulation de l’histoire institutionnelle. Le récit qui en résulte n’est qu’une construction créée par un narrateur en vue de répondre à des besoins politiques et commerciaux contemporains.

The New York Times a qualifié les archives Magnum de «banque photographique collective de la culture moderne» . Pourtant, Magnum a largement créé la majorité de ces images. Les archives Magnum comptent parmi les nombreuses collections d’images en cours de métamarquage. Le marquage d’images par des métadonnées descriptives permettra aux futurs chercheurs d’explorer les contenus en profondeur. Néanmoins, l’architecture du système de métadonnées exercera une grande influence sur ce qu’on pourra découvrir.

Netflix utilise sa «théorie quantique» propriétaire (Netflix Quantum Theory), un système de sous-genres d’éléments audiovisuels micro-marqués, pour personnaliser ses recommandations en fonction de chaque utilisateur. Il permet aussi d’identifier les tendances des habitudes de visionnage de segments démographiques spécifiques, ce qui conduit finalement à la commande de produits audiovisuels.

Les systèmes d’exploitation contextuels spécialement développés pour les archives fonctionneront de manière similaire et ne vous dirigeront que vers les «contenus appropriés» , ceux dont ils ont «décidé» qu’ils vous intéresseraient. Google Glass devrait disposer d’un tel système en 2015.
« Les murs ne nous ont jamais arrêtés » : 60 ans de films d’étudiants à l’Université du cinéma Konrad Wolf
Authors: Brombach Ilka , Ebbrecht Tobias , Wahl Chris
Published: January 2018

En raison de son emplacement, l’Université du cinéma Babelsberg KONRAD WOLF se prête particulièrement bien à la réflexion sur le patrimoine culturel audiovisuel. Elle est située juste à côté des studios de cinéma Babelsberg, dont l’histoire remonte à plus d’un siècle, et cette université, la plus ancienne du genre en Allemagne, a toujours bénéficié de l’aura mythique des studios. Avec la création d’une chaire de recherche en patrimoine audiovisuel, en juin 2013, et le lancement d’un nouveau programme d’études consacré au patrimoine cinématographique (Filmkulturerbe), l’université est bien placée pour affirmer l’importance de la protection et de la maintenance de l’héritage audiovisuel. Sur cette base, un projet de recherche (soutenu par la Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [ DFG]) a été consacré à l’étude du patrimoine cinématographique de l’université. Les films d’étudiants couvrant soixante années d’histoire de l’école, en particulier ceux produits à l’époque de la RDA, sont analysés dans le contexte de l’histoire du cinéma et des institutions. Cette étude dresse un bilan sur la façon dont les films d’étudiants ont été archivés et transmis, et examine également les récits de l’école à propos de sa propre histoire. Des lectures à la fois historiques et esthétiques d’une sélection de films sont conduites en référence aux récents débats sur le cinéma de la Deutsche Film-Aktiengesellschaft (DEFA). Outre le projet de recherche sur les films d’étudiants, un certain nombre d’autres initiatives en cours accordent une attention particulière aux questions de préservation et de numérisation.
Alexandre Herzen : la main vive et la main morte dans sa famille
Authors: Herzen Michael
Published: January 2018

A. I. Herzen The Living and the Dead Hand Relative to his Family

While Herzen is studied overwhelmingly in terms of his impact on others outside his home – the intellectuals, the radicals, the government – it is proposed here to look at his influence internal to his family, both before and after his death, including among some later generations. A close examination is made of his financial resources, his capital – its source, how much did he have, how did he invest it, and what became of it after his death ? Some of his most fundamental ideas, his beliefs, are also addressed as they impacted his family. The author makes special use of his own branch of the family to illustrate how Herzen’s influence played down through the generations.
L’expression de la durée et de la répétition dans la phrase simple. Les subordonnées temporelles : contribution à l’étude des compléments circonstanciels de temps dans la Pověst′ vremennyx″ lět″
Authors: Azam Olivier
Published: January 2018

Le présent article constitue la seconde partie d’une étude systématique des compléments circonstanciels de temps dans la Pověst′ vremennyx″ lět″, l’une des oeuvres les plus anciennes et les plus importantes de la littérature vieux-russe. Cette contribution s’ouvre sur l’étude des moyens d’expression de la durée et de la répétition dans la phrase simple et s’élargit à une analyse aussi exhaustive que possible des subordonnées temporelles à l’intérieur de la phrase complexe. Un accent particulier a été mis sur les participiales et notamment sur l’usage du datif absolu.
Quand la valeur des déterminants épithètes dépend de leur position dans le syntagme : le cas des adjectifs indéfinis en russe contemporain
Authors: Bonnot Christine
Published: January 2018

Le rejet des déterminants épithètes après le substantif qu’ils qualifient peut interférer avec leur signification première. L’article traite plus particulièrement des adjectifs indéfinis, dont la fonction individualisante est partiellement neutralisée lorsqu’ils sont postposés. Alors qu’ils ont pour point commun de renvoyer à l’existence de caractéristiques individuelles non explicitées distinguant le référent du syntagme nominal des autres éléments de sa classe, leur postposition signifie que ces caractéristiques individuelles ne sont pas pertinentes dans la situation de discours. En fonction du contexte et de la sémantique propre de chaque indéfini, cette «désindividuation » du référent peut souligner son caractère prototypique (il possède toutes les propriétés définitoires de la classe désignée par le substantif) ou exprimer diverses valeurs subjectives (indifférence, mépris, ironie, etc.).
La façon de dire le son en russe. Contribution à l’étude des noms prédicatifs de « sensations auditives »
Authors: Kokochkina Irina
Published: January 2018

В статье идет речь о предикатах (в значении хэРРиС, 1978), обозначающих зву-ковые феномены в современном русском языке. Будет описана структура дан-ных предикатов : они могут состоять из одного или двух элементов (в последнем случае, речь часто идет об имени существительном в генитиве). далее мы затро-нем вспомогательные глаголы, такие как доноситься, послышаться, которые актуализируют данные предикаты. наконец, в статье будут описаны модифика-торы — такие, как длительные, пронзительный. Статья представляет собой пер-вое и новаторское исследование звуковых феноменов в русском языке.
Les « circonstances » chez les grammairiens russes du XVIIIe siècle
Authors: Bracquenier Christine
Published: January 2018

c’est au XVIIIe siècle que naissent les notions grammaticales de «circonstanciel » sous la plume de l’abbé gabriel girard en 1747, et de «circonstances » (obstojatel′ stva)

dans la Rossijskaja grammatika de Mixail Lomonosov en 1755. Pour Lomonosov, le mode d’expression privilégié des circonstances est le syntagme prépositionnel, et l’adverbe en est l’expression abrégée. Il ne parle pas des adverbes ou des groupes prépositionnels comme d’éléments modifiant le verbe, mais il se place au niveau de l’énoncé, présentant les circonstances comme l’expansion de la phrase ; il faudra attendre plus de deux siècles pour que cette caractéristique des circonstants soit prise en compte par les linguistes. Pour ce qui est de l’ordre des mots, chez l’abbé girard c’est le «feu de l’imagination » , pour Lomonosov c’est le «libre cours des pensées humaines » qui permettent de modifier en russe l’ordre des mots canonique / sujet – verbe/. L’analyse de la langue de n. karamzin montre que ce n’est ni le «feu de [ son] imagination » , ni le «libre cours de [ ses] pensées » qui gèrent le choix de l’ordre des mots chez lui, mais plutôt le désir et la nécessité qu’il éprouve de produire un texte cohérent, dans lequel les idées s’enchaînent de la manière la plus satisfaisante et la moins coûteuse pour l’énonciataire et cela lui permet de placer le circonstant en tête de phrase s’il a besoin de poser le cadre spatio-temporel de son énoncé, que les «circonstances » soient connues ou non de l’énonciataire.
Le sentimentalisme dans tous ses états : l’oubli de la satire dans la critique littéraire sur le XIXe siècle (à propos de l’oeuvre de Josef Jaroslav langer)
Authors: Galmiche Xavier
Published: January 2018

Svazek o «ruském sentimentalismu » , vydaný Jeanem Breuillardem roku 2003 je příležitostí znovu charakterizovat tuto estetiku, která vznikala kolem roku 1830. odborná literatura zabývající se sentimentalistickými díly z ruska i ze střední a východni Evropy sice zaznamenává zájem těchto děl o filozofické a morální hodnoty, jejich výrazný citový náboj, ale zároveň ponechává stranou jejich humoristický rozměr (komičnost, šprým, parodie, satira). Předlozená stať se snaží analyzovat důvody tohoto až překvapivého opomíjení komična. Jako příklad je zde uvedeno dílo jediného autora, čecha Jaroslava Langra (1806-1846). vyslovuje pochybnosti k názoru, že by «sternovský » styl sentimentalistické generace, jehož je Langer ve středni Evropě názorným příkladem, mohl být ztotožňován s pojmem «romantické ironie » , jak nedávno navrhl milan Dimić ve své studii «romantic Irony and the Southern Slavs » (in Romantic irony, ed. Frederick garber, Paris, Didier ; Budapest, akadémiai Kiadó, 2010).
Французский дискурс в структуре журналов Н. М. Карамзина [Le discours sur la France dans les revues de N. M. Karamzin]
Authors: Kafanova Olga
Published: January 2018

French discourse in the structure of journals by n. M. Karamzin

The article dwells on the elements of French discourse contained in the periodicals by N. m. Karamzin. the journals he founded and published were the best for their time, as Karamzin has successfully used the experience of European journals, primarily the French ones. In The Moscow Journal (1791-1792) and vestnik Evropy (the messenger of Europe, 1802– 1803) the French matter was represented by belles-lettres, literary criticism, philosophical and political essays on the one hand and by structural elements borrowed from the most popular French newspapers and journals of that time on the other hand. In his Aglaia (1794-1795) and Pantheon of Foreign Literature (three volumes, 1798) Karamzin published his own translations of the best kind of exemplary French literary works of various genres.

In The Moscow Journal Karamzin managed to integrate French, English and german discourse to provide the foundation for philosophy, aesthetics and poetics of sentimentalism, while vestnik Evropy, where the current affairs taking place in France were ventilated, served as a polemical context necessary to clear out the historical situation in Europe. generally speaking, the French models had an impact on the structure of the journals as well as on the genres of sentimental novel, theatrical reviews, vocabulary and phraseology of N. m. Karamzin.
Книга Дрё дю Радье Dictionnaire d’Amour в русском переводе. [Le Dictionnaire d’amour de Jean-François Dreux du Radier]
Authors: Dmitrievna Kočetkova Natalia
Published: January 2018

Книга Дрё дю Радье Dictionnaire d’Amour в русском переводе

Книга Ж.-Ф. Дрё дю Радье (J.-F. Dreux du radier, 1714-1790) Dictionnaire d''Amour, dans lequel on trouvera l''explication des termes les plus usités dans cette langue (1741) была переведена на русский язык в 1768 году под названием «Любовный лексикон » А. В. Храповицким (1749-1801). Французский автор иро-нически толковал целый ряд понятий, использовавшихся в светском обиходе. Переводчик перестроил композицию всей книги, чтобы статьи располагались в русском алфавите. Храповицкий существенно сократил «Лексикон » , переводя далеко не все. Он нередко сокращал или дополнял выбранные им статьи, внося в них элементы русификации. Не стремясь к буквальному переводу, Храповиц-кий по-своему интерпретировал отдельные понятия (статьи vertu «Доброде-тель » , Aimer «Любить » и др.). «Любовный лексикон » Храповицкого был пере-издан в 1779 году Н. И. Новиковым, неоднократно высмеивавшим в своих журналах щеголей и щеголих и их особый язык. При всем своем критическом отношении к галломании Храповицкий по-своему воспринял культуру фран-цузского остроумия, востребованную русскими читателями.
À propos de la « traduction des cultures »
Authors: Rolet Serge
Published: January 2018

On “ translating cultures”

Contrary to the ideas of the multiculturalists, for whom culture is synonymous with purity, the idea that one can translate from one culture to another turns diversity into a quintessential element of culture, rather than one of its incidental features. unfortunately, the concept of “ translating cultures” is not very clear. It does not stand up very well, either to the langue-parole opposition, or to the Saussurian duality of the sign.
Electrical acupuncture moderately decreases cardiac ischemiareperfusion injury in rats
Authors: Zhu Baomin , Yu Lianling , Chen Dong , Wang Baobao , Sun Yan , Zhai Changlin
Published: January 2018

Restoration of blood flow to the ischemic myocardium termed reperfusion unavoidably leads to many heart complications (such as rhythm abnormalities, and sequentially heart failure), together with the induced damage of cardiomyocytes, which can worsen infarct size and is termed myocardial
ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Electroacupuncture plays an important role in attenuating I/R injury. High mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1) is upregulated in myocardial I/R injury and activates the inflammatory response which enhances the myocardial injury. In our study, we aimed to
detect the roles of electrical acupuncture at Neiguan acupoints (PC6) in myocardial I/R injury and investigate the relationship between electrical acupuncture and HMGB1-related pathway. We found that electrical acupuncture pretreatment protected against myocardial I/R injury through inhibiting
cell apoptosis. Electroacupuncture also decreased the expression levels of HMGB1 and inflammatory cytokines induced by I/R injury. In addition, the phosphorylation levels of JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) was decreased by electroacupuncture in heart tissues. Furthermore, the effects of electrical
acupuncture pretreatment were abrogated by the additional administration of recombinant HMGB1. Finally, the SP600125 administration, a selective JNK inhibitor, attenuated HMGB1-dependent cell apoptosis and cytokines release in myocardial I/R injury. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that
electrical acupuncture at PC6 plays a protective role in myocardial I/R injury, and this effect is associated with inhibited HMGB1-JNK pathway, which provides a beneficial therapeutic strategy for patients with myocardial I/R injury.
Locally Advanced Basal Cell Carcinoma with Intraocular Invasion
Authors: Tchernev Georgi , Lotti Torello , Lozev Ilia , Maximov Georgi Konstantinov , Wollina Uwe
Published: January 2018

We present a 103 - year - old patient, with duration of complaints of about ten years. The initial complaint had been presented as a small nodule, located on the eyebrow, which subsequently ulcerated and encompassed larger regions of the upper and lower eyelids. For the past three years, the patient also had complaints of a worsening of his vision, without seeking for medical help. Within the dermatological examination, an intraocular and periocular localised tumour was established, characterised by a raised peripheral edge and central ulceration. More careful examination revealed that the bulb was fully consumed. The patient refused further diagnosis and treatment. Advanced basal cell carcinomas with intraocular invasion are rare in general. If the patient refuses surgery, radiotherapy and systemic therapy with modern medications such as Vismodegib or Sonidegib are available as treatment options.
Medium Sized Congenital Melanocytic Nevus with Suspected Progression to Melanoma during Pregnancy: What’s the Best for the Patient?
Authors: Tchernev Georgi , Dzhelyatova Gabriela Atanasova , Wollina Uwe , Lozev Ilia , Lotti Torello
Published: January 2018

BACKGROUND: Congenital melanocytic nevi (CMN) are pigmented skin lesions usually present at birth. Rare varieties can develop and become clinically very large. Although they are benign nevomelanocytic neoplasms, all CMN may be precursors of the melanoma, regardless of their size. Individual risk of malignant transformation of melanocyte is determined by simultaneous action of exogenous and endogenous factors. The major exogenous risk factor is ultraviolet radiation. Leading roles among the endogenous factors are attributed to skin phenotype, gene mutation, sex hormones and their significance.CASE REPORT: We present a case of a 27 – year - old pregnant female patient with a congenital melanocytic nevus, which increased significantly in size, during her pregnancy. Estrogen levels increase during pregnancy and clinical evidence has suggested that melanocytes are estrogen - responsive. Nevi in a pregnant patient would exhibit increased expression of estrogen receptor β (ERβ) and thus enhanced the potential to respond to altered estrogen levels.CONCLUSION: All pigmented skin lesions should be carefully observed during pregnancy by a dermatologist due to the increased risk of malignant transformation, associated with the endocrine dependence. All lesions with visible changes should be removed surgically with appropriative anaesthesia.
Sarcoidosis in A. C. Milan (1899)?
Authors: Tchernev Georgi , Lotti Torello , Wollina Uwe , Cardoso José Carlos , Popova Lyubomira Viktor , Maximov Georgi Konstantinov , Lozev Ilia , Terziev Ivan
Published: January 2018

The pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy of sarcoidosis as an autonomous disease are subjects of spirited discussions, which haven’t found definitive conclusion yet. Distinguishing between sarcoidosis and sarcoid-like reactions (sarcoid - type granulomas) is not currently a medical “gold standard” and is not implemented in clinical practice. This leads to 1) misinterpretation of numerous available data; 2) difficulty in the interpretation of other unverified data, which is often followed by 3) inappropriate or inadequate therapeutic approach. Similarly to many other diseases, in sarcoidosis and sarcoid - types of reactions the concept of personalised approach and therapy should also be introduced. This methodology of clinical guidance is difficult, complex and not always achievable in the current medical status and relations (doctor-patient relationship; financial factor; time factor). It is appropriate to note that in some cases the guidelines or the so-called standards are neglected or not possible to put into practice with the aim of better therapeutic practices and strategies, as well as the achievement of optimal final clinical results (especially in patients with sarcoid granulomas). The sarcoid granuloma, even when it is sterile, should not be considered as the equivalent of sarcoidosis, i.e., sarcoidosis as an autonomous disease. Sure enough, exactly because of this fact, the personalised approach should not be an exception, but it has to gradually become a rule in medical practice. When clinical decisions are conformed to some of the latest modern concepts, officialised in the international databases, often the achieved results can be much better.We present a patient with a tattoo of AC Milan (1899) on his right arm, who subsequently developed localised sterile sarcoid granulomas in the area of the tattoo. Later the process became generalised on his whole body’s skin, lungs and lymph nodes. It is unclear for the moment whether this condition should be interpreted as sarcoidosis as an autonomous disease or, instead, as a sarcoidal type of reaction with subsequent generalisation due to cross-reactivity against antigens present in other tissues with similarities to the exogenous pigments. Following the modern concepts regarding the pathogenesis of these two conditions, we introduced, in this case, an innovative, non-standard approach: 1) systemic and local immunosuppressive therapy, combined with 2) recommеndation for immediate surgical excision of the tattoo to remove the possible trigger of molecular and antigen mimicry.
Multi-parameter analysis of combined hepatotoxicity induced by mycotoxin mixtures in HepG2 cells
Authors: Li Y. , Wang T.Q. , Wu J. , Zhang X.L. , Xu Y.Y. , Qian Y.Z.
Published: January 2018

Evaluation of combined toxicity and exploring the corresponding mechanism is of great significance in characterising the interactions of mixed mycotoxins. This study used high content analysis and multiple evaluation models to estimate combined toxic hepatotoxicity in HepG2 cells, due to aflatoxin B1, zearalenone and deoxynivalenol, which are often detected simultaneously in the same grain sample. All mycotoxins induced cell loss in HepG2 cells in a concentration dependent manner. The combined toxic effects observed by multiple evaluation models (CA, IA and CI) suggested a similar mechanism and dominant synergistic effects for binary and ternary combinations. Based on reactive oxygen species, intracellular glutathione (GSH), and mitochondrial transmembrane potential (MMP) assessment, the synergistic mechanisms may be associated with mitochondrial damage by reducing GSH and MMP.
Calais, Automne 2015 – Hiver 2016
Authors: Prudhomme Florence
Published: January 2018

Le premier des quatre textes réunis ici présente la Bibliothèque vivante créée en décembre 2015 à Calais. Les trois textes suivants ont été recueillis auprès de deux réfugiés, venus l’un du Soudan et l’autre d’Afghanistan, qui nous ont confié leur histoire dans leur langue maternelle ou en anglais. Ils ont fui la guerre et les massacres, ils ont tout perdu et cherchent refuge dans des pays qu’on leur avait décrits comme accueillants et respectueux des droits de l’homme. Les écouter répondait au souhait de les connaître, hors des confusions et des amalgames (« les migrants », « la horde migratoire ») qui les stigmatisent, et au désir de faire connaître leur espoir de vivre comme des êtres humains.
Identification of cells secreting a thymostimulin-like substance and examination of some histoenzymatic pathways in aging avian primary lymphatic organs: II. Bursa of Fabricius
Authors: Mazzone AM , Aita M , Gabrielli F , Moriconi E , De Orsi D
Published: January 2018

The Bursa of Fabricius of 15 day, 1-, 3-, and 6 month-old adult chickens (White Leghorn strain) were studied by histological and histochemical staining, histoenzymatic reactions (LDH, SDH, a-GPDH, NAD, NADPH, Ca++-dependent ATP-ase, pH 8.5) and by anti-thymostimulin immunoreaction. Positive reactions for mucopolysaccharides and enzymatic activities were located in the epithelia of the follicles, i.e. in follicleassociated- epithelium (FAE), inter-follicle-epithelium (IFE) and in different epithelial compartments of cortical and medullary zones. Positive reaction for thymostimulin-like (TSlike) substance was restricted to FAE cells and weakly to the basal lamina of IFE. In 6-month-old chickens, the FAE cells disappeared; the phenomenon of bursal regression was evident, although not all the follicles were involved. In the few still normal follicles, the good reactivity to the enzymes tested suggests that residual physiological activity is still present, even if reduced.
Expression of NGF, Trka and p75 in human cartilage
Authors: Gigante A , Bevilacqua C , Pagnotta A , Manzotti S , Toesca A , Greco F
Published: January 2018

Nerve growth factor (NGF) exerts its action through two types of receptor: high-affinity tyrosine kinase A receptor (trkA) and low-affinity p75 receptor. NGF has a neurotrophic role in central and peripheral nervous system development, but there is also clear evidence of its involvement in the developing skeleton. The aim of the present immunohistochemical study was to investigate the expression and distribution of NGF, trkA, and p75 in normal cartilaginous tissues from adult subjects: articular and meniscal cartilage of the knee, cartilage from the epiglottis, and intervertebral disc tissue. Detection of NGF mRNA was also performed by in situ hybridization. Immunoreaction for NGF and the two receptors in articular chondrocytes, chondrocyte-like cells of meniscus and annulus fibrosus, and chondrocytes of the epiglottis demonstrated that they are all expressed in hyaline, fibrous and elastic cartilaginous tissues, suggesting that they could be involved in cartilage physio-pathology.
Immunogold study on lectin binding in the porcine zona pellucida and granulosa cells
Authors: Parillo F , Dallâ€™Aglio C , Verini Supplizi A , Ceccarelli P , Gargiulo AM
Published: January 2018

An ultrastructural localization of lectin receptors on the zona pellucida (ZP) of porcine antral oocytes and on the granulosa cells was performed using a panel of horseradish peroxidase- labelled lectins in conjunction with antiperoxidase antibody and protein A-gold. In some cases, lectin incubation was preceded by sialidase digestion. WGA-, Con-A-, UEA-I-, RCA-I-, PNA- and SBA-reactive sites were distributed differently in the porcine ZP. Sialidase digestion increased the positivity obtained with RCA-I and it was necessary to promote PNA and SBA reactivity. These results indicated that the ZP contained N-acetylglucosamine, a-mannose, a- fucose, b-Gal-(1-4)GlcNAc, b-Gal- (1-3)GalNAc, b-GalNAc and sialic acid residues. We also observed the presence of vesicles in both the ooplasm and granulosa cells, showing a similar lectin binding pattern to that of the ZP, thus suggesting that the oocyte and granulosa cells are the site of synthesis of ZP glucidic determinants.
Biological complexity behind plankton system functioning: Synthesis and perspectives from a marine Long Term Ecological Research
Authors: D'Alelio Domenico
Published: January 2018

The functioning of natural communities is the cumulative outcome of multifaceted and intersecting ecological and evolutionary processes occurring at species level. Species are not stable entities but evolve in consequence of contingent factors including the relationships they establish with the environment and other co-occurring species. Studying ecosystems with an eco-evo approach, i.e., by explicitly considering species evolution and interactions, is thus an essential step to envisioning their adaptation to environmental changes. Such approach is particularly suitable for studying plankton, a community of both rapidly evolving and strongly interconnected species. In this context, Long Term Ecological Research studies (LTER) represent a promising approach to explore nature at different levels of complexity, from species to ecosystems. Herein, I examine the most recent results coming from the three-decades plankton LTER ‘MareChiara’ (LTER-MC) in the Gulf of Naples (Mediterranean Sea, Italy) and discuss their suitability in deepening knowledge on: i) evolutionary bases to plankton biodiversity (i.e., the founding property of both species and community adaptive potential); ii) ecological and evolutionary determinants of population and community dynamics; and iii) biological mechanisms behind plankton system functioning.
Effectiveness on mild stress and mixed urinary incontinence and impact on Quality of Life of a phytotherapic product containing astragalus, thyme, lavender, hop, equisetum, red clover, cypress and agrimonia at titrated concentrations. Results from a monocentric study
Authors: Risi Oreste , Manica Michele , Lisanti Rocca Carmela , Manfredi Antonio , Tecci Giuseppe Romeo
Published: January 2018

Objectives: To assess any beneficial effect on quality of life of a daily treatment with a phytotherapic product containing astragalus, thyme, lavender, hop, equisetum, red clover, cypress and agrimonia at titrated concentrations in a cohort of female patients complaining mild stress urinary incontinence (SUI) or mixed urinary incontinence (MUI). Materials and methods: 42 non-consecutive female out-patients with mild SUI or mild MUI were assessed with a clinical evaluation, International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form (ICIQ-SF) and Patients’ Perception of Intensity of Urgency Scale (PPIUS) at baseline the start of the study and after two months of therapy with the phytotherapic product. At the end of the therapy the patients also compiled Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI-I). Results: After the completion of the study there was a trend towards better results in each item of ICIQ-SF, but without any statistical significance with an average score in ICIQ-SF-1 of 3.12 ± 0.981 versus 3.21 ± 0.914 (p = 0.556), in ICIQ-SF-2 of 3.69 ± 1.422 versus 3.79 ± 1.372 (p = 0.68) and in ICIQ-SF-3 of 5.95 ± 1.618 versus 6.14 ± 1.670 (p = 0.462). The average reduction of PPIUS was of 0.09 (1.26 ± 1.481 versus 1.357 ± 1.509, p = 0.705). There was a reduction of average consumption of pads/die from 1.69 ± 0.636 to 1.54 ± 0.543 (p = 0.101). In relation to the PGI score, 23/42 patients (54.7%) reported no changes after the completion of the therapy, 13/42 (30.9%) reported a slight improvement, 5/42 (11.9%) were much improved and 1/42 (2.3%) was slightly worsened. Only 2/42 (4.7%) patients discontinued the treatment before of the completion of the study. We did not observe any adverse effects during the period of the study. Conclusions: The phytotherapic product seems to cause a slight improvement of the symptoms in a good rate of patients. Moreover it has a low rate of withdrawal, due to the lack of adverse events.
Five-year prospective study on cardiovascular events, in patients with erectile dysfunction and hypotestosterone
Authors: Iacona Rosanna , Bonomo Vito , Di Piazza Mariaconcetta , Sansone Angela , Usala Manuela , Novo Salvatore , Pavone Carlo
Published: January 2018

Objective: Testosterone levels play a role in cardiac and vascular pathology. In the present study we investigated the prognostic significance of this hormone for cardiovascular outcome, in a 5-year follow-up. Materials and methods: Our cohort included 802 adult subjects, from 40 to 80 years. Patients were excluded if they had a past history of peripheral or coronary artery disease, and revascularization. A blood sample was drawn to valuate testosterone level, and we considered normal testosterone levels 300 ng/dl. FMD (flow mediated dilatation) of the brachial artery was assessed by measuring the increase of the brachial artery diameter during reactive hyperemia after transient forearm ischemia. B-mode longitudinal images of the brachial artery were obtained at the level of the antecubital fossa. The FMD was defined as the percentage change in the brachial artery diameter 60 s after releasing the ischemic cuff. Erectile dysfunction (ERD) was assessed by the International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) score questionnaire. We considered composite end points including the following major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) Results: Subjects with lower serum testosterone levels (n = 332) had higher prevalence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension (p = 0.009), diabetes (p = 0.03), dyslipidemia (p < 0.0001), obesity (p = 0.002), and endothelial function score (p < 0.0001). AMI, death after AMI, major stroke and all clinical events were more frequent (p < 0.001) in patients with testosterone levels < 300 ng/dl. Further, by multiple logistic regression analysis we found that only dyslipidemia (p = 0,001), obesity (p = 0,007), testosterone < 300 ng/dl (p < 0,0001) and ED (p < 0,0001) were independent predictors of future events. Conclusions: A therapeutic intervention on testosterone may not only have a positive effect on the cardiovascular system but also an important role in preventing new cardiovascular events.
Partial nephrectomy in horseshoe kidney: Primary carcinoid tumor
Authors: Seker Kamil Gokhan , Sam Emre , Sahin Selcuk , Yenice Mustafa Gürkan , Aktas Ayse Gul , Simsek Abdulmuttalip , Tugcu Volkan
Published: January 2018

Primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the kidney is a rarely observed clinical condition because neuroendocrine cells are not found in kidney parenchyma. It’s not clinically and radiologically possible to distinguish from other kidney tumors. Incidence with horseshoe kidney anomaly, it should be considered as a definitive diagnosis for the patients with this condition. In this case report, we reported about a carcinoid tumor in horseshoe kidney in a 37-year-old woman.
Right ectopic intrathoracic kidney: Unusual clinical presentation in a young patient affected by scrotal varicocele
Authors: Dell'Atti Lucio , Galosi Andrea Benedetto
Published: January 2018

Intrathoracic kidney is a partial or complete displacement of the kidney above the hemidiaphragm into the mediastinal compartment of the thorax. It is usually seen as an incidental finding discovered on chest radiograph or abdominal ultrasound. However computed tomography consents the correct detection of intrathoracic masses and defines their shape, size, and extent. We here report a case of ectopic thoracic kidney in a 22-year-old man who had a long history of scrotal discomfort associated with right varicocele. Frequently, this ectopia does not affect renal function and the stretched ureter provides good drainage. In literature, a small number of cases shows that varicocele is a possible mode of presentation of kidney tumors, but this is the first case of varicocele secondary to intrathoracic kidney ectopia.
Invited review: Resource inputs and land, water and carbon footprints from the production of edible protein of animal origin
Authors: Flachowsky Gerhard , Meyer Ulrich , Südekum Karl-Heinz
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The objective of this review is to analyze crucial factors in the output from the production of proteins in food of animal origin, such as milk, meat and eggs. We then consider inputs such as land, water, fuel, minerals and feed, as well as characterize emissions. Finally, we estimate footprints for land (land footprint, LF), water (water footprint, WF) and greenhouse gas emissions (i.e., carbon footprint, CF) during the production process. The wide range of different land and water inputs per unit feed between various studies largely influences the results. Further influencing factors are species and categories of animals that produce edible protein, their yields and the feeding of animals. Coproducts with no or low humanly edible fractions and grassland as feed contribute to a lower need for arable land and lower LF, WF and CF. The most efficient land use or the lowest LF per kilogram of edible protein was estimated for higher milk and egg yields; the highest LF values were calculated for beef, followed by pork. The lowest WF and CF were calculated for edible protein of chicken meat and eggs. Edible protein from ruminants is mostly characterized by a higher CF because of the high greenhouse gas potential of methane produced in the rumen. A key prerequisite for further progress in this field is the harmonization of data collection and calculation methods. Alternatives to partial or complete replacement of protein of terrestrial animals, such as marine animals, insects, cell cultures, single-cell proteins or “simulated animal products” from plants, as well as changing eating patterns and reducing food losses are mentioned as further potential ways for more efficient feed production. For all those dealing with plant or animal breeding and cultivation and all those who are working along the whole food production chain, it is a major challenge to enhance the production of more food for more people with, at the same time, less, limited resources and lower emissions.
Impacts of absorbing aerosol deposition on snowpack and hydrologic cycle in the Rocky Mountain region based on variable-resolution CESM (VR-CESM) simulations
Authors: Wu Chenglai , Liu Xiaohong , Lin Zhaohui , Rahimi-Esfarjani Stefan R. , Lu Zheng
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The deposition of light-absorbing aerosols (LAAs), such as black carbon (BC) and dust, onto snow cover has been suggested to reduce the snow albedo and modulate the snowpack and consequent hydrologic cycle. In this study we use the variable-resolution Community Earth System Model (VR-CESM) with a regionally refined high-resolution (0.125°) grid to quantify the impacts of LAAs in snow in the Rocky Mountain region during the period 1981–2005. We first evaluate the model simulation of LAA concentrations both near the surface and in snow and then investigate the snowpack and runoff changes induced by LAAs in snow. The model simulates similar magnitudes of near-surface atmospheric dust concentrations as observations in the Rocky Mountain region. Although the model underestimates near-surface atmospheric BC concentrations, the model overestimates BC-in-snow concentrations by 35 % on average. The regional mean surface radiative effect (SRE) due to LAAs in snow reaches up to 0.6–1.7 W m−2 in spring, and dust contributes to about 21–42 % of total SRE. Due to positive snow albedo feedbacks induced by the LAA SRE, snow water equivalent is reduced by 2–50 mm and snow cover fraction by 5–20 % in the two regions around the mountains (eastern Snake River Plain and southwestern Wyoming), corresponding to an increase in surface air temperature by 0.9–1.1 °C. During the snow melting period, LAAs accelerate the hydrologic cycle with monthly runoff increases of 0.15–1.00 mm day−1 in April–May and reductions of 0.04–0.18 mm day−1 in June–July in the mountainous regions. Of all the mountainous regions, the Southern Rockies experience the largest reduction of total runoff by 15 % during the later stage of snowmelt (i.e., June and July). Compared to previous studies based on field observations, our estimation of dust-induced SRE is generally 1 order of magnitude smaller in the Southern Rockies, which is ascribed to the omission of larger dust particles (with the diameter > 10 µm) in the model. This calls for the inclusion of larger dust particles in the model to reduce the discrepancies. Overall these results highlight the potentially important role of LAA interactions with snowpack and the subsequent impacts on the hydrologic cycles across the Rocky Mountains.
Estimating observation and model error variances using multiple data sets
Authors: Anthes Richard A. , Rieckh Therese
Published: January 2018

Abstract. In this paper we show how multiple data sets, including observations and models, can be combined using the N-cornered hat method to estimate vertical profiles of the errors of each system. Using data from 2007, we estimate the error variances of radio occultation, radiosondes, ERA-Interim and GFS model data sets at four radiosonde locations in the tropics and subtropics. A key assumption is the neglect of error covariances among the different data sets, and we examine the consequences of this assumption on the resulting error estimates.