bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship between Organic-C and Available-P Due to Tidal Fluctuation in South Kalimantan
Authors: Yusran Fadly Hairannoor
Published: August 2018

Tidal fluctuation creates different soil chemical properties which is totally deviate from normal circumstances.  Organic matter decomposition occurs with limited O2 supply, hence disturbing Carbon cycle which has a central role in the process and nutrient mineralisation.  The research aimed was  to describe the relationship between organic-C and available-P due to tidal fluctuation in South Kalimantan.  Ten undisturbed composite samples were collected in top-soil and sub-soil.  Results showed that there was no direct effect from organic-C in P availability as in other mineral soils.  However, there was an indication that the relationship was influenced by maturing process of the soil.  In other words, the relationship between organic-C and available-P was typical for every type of swampland and was not related to the tidal fluctuationKeywords: Available-P, organic-C, P-transformation, tidal water fluctuation [How to Cite: Yusran FH. 2012. Relationship between Organic-C and Available-P Due to Tidal Fluctuation in South Kalimantan. J Trop Soils 17 (3) : 253-257. doi: 10.5400/jts.2012.17.3.253] [Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2012.17.3.253]
Characterization of Surface Runoff, Soil Erosion and Nutrient Loss on Forest-Agriculture Landscape
Authors: Hidayat Yayat , Murtilaksono Kukuh , Sinukaban Naik
Published: August 2018

The study was aimed to quantify volume of surface runoff, soil erosion and nutrient loss from the forest-agriculture landscape (forest margins) in Lore Lindu National Park Central Sulawesi.  Surface runoff volume and soil erosion were measured daily on erosion plots. It was installed on  several land use types i.e. forest land,  maize,  young cocoa, medium cocoa, old cocoa, vanilla, shrub and bush and bareland, on the soil Typic Dystrudepts with slope ± 40%. The nutrient content in surface runoff and sediments were analyzed from selected surface runoff and sediment samples.  Surface runoff and soil erosion from agriculture land were respectively 2.1 to 3.4 and  3.6 to 5.8 times higher than from forest lands. Meanwhile, surface runoff and soil erosion from bareland were respectively 7.0 and 23.7 times greater than forest land respectively.  Sediment nutrient contents from forest land were  higher than agriculture land.  In the contrary, total nutrient lost from agriculture land were higher than forest land ones.  Nutrient losses carried by surface runoff were larger than those losses carried by sediments.  Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) loss in surface runoff was 6,1 to 8,0 times higher than total organic carbon (TOC) loss in sediments.  Likewise, nitrate (NO3-) loss in surface runoff was 1.9 to 12.1 times higher than total nitrogen (TN) in sediments as well as potassium, calcium, magnesium and sodium losses.  Potassium is dominant cation loss carried by the surface runoff, while calcium is mainly carried by sediment.Keywords:  Dissolve organic carbon; forest-agriculture landscape; nutrient loss; soil erosion; surface runoff[How to Cite: Hidayat Y, K Murtilaksono and N Sinukaban. 2012. Characterization of Surface Runoff, Soil Erosion and Nutrient Loss on Forest-agriculture Landscape. J Trop Soils, 17 (3): 259-266. doi: 10.5400/jts.2012.17.3.259][Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2012.17.3.259]
Public participation in planning in the Egyptian context
Authors: Aboelnaga Somaya
Published: August 2018

Public participation is a critical aspect in the planning, also spatial planning. Its role is changing dramatically as it is present not only in social development but also tackles issues connected with cultural, educational. The most important element in participation is the will to do it – to engage in the process of planning the of life, of new urban communities, and how it is taking place in the planning process at different levels/ scales. There is a need to strengthen the public participation in the Egyptian context. Consequently, there are many cases in public participation related to the different levels (metropolitan, city, action area), connected to urban issues, besides, the sectoral issues related to economic development and societal needs. Thus, there is still a gap between existing national policies and their implementation at local level. The important question is how to achieve the local needs with strategies prepared on upper-level agencies. The main problem, in addition to the environmental issues is the regional disparities, poverty illustrated by low human development index. The research aim is to determine general framework and rules of citizen participation in Egypt by illustrating many cases from Egyptian context, and to examine the process and assess their effectiveness and the paper will end with the policy changes.
The framework model of the social participation in the process of the local spatial planning
Authors: Trębacz Paweł
Published: August 2018

Different forms of planning and urban design works are used in the process of decision-making on the local level, starting with visions of development, through comprehensive or master plans, finishing with the implemented action plans. Also, various kinds of social participation can be used in the process in spatial planning. The method of participation depends on the range of willingness of the local authority to divide the power and include informing, consultation or placation up to real partnership and delegation of power to citizens. Each form of participation is appropriate for a different situation. Generally, the act of using a specific form of participation in the process of creation of urban design or a planning activity is advisable. This article presents the framework of the model of participation suitable for spatial planning process on the local level. That model would be based on common consensus about the utilization of space. The consensus should be worked out in support of disclosed social and economic interests of important stakeholders from different groups of the local society and the public community as well. It is established using feedback loops on the most important steps of work as a method of gaining the best solution.
Analysis of applicability of porous concrete containing recycled ceramic aggregates for communication pedestrian routes forming surface rainwater drainage
Authors: Ogrodnik Paweł , Zegardło Bartosz
Published: August 2018

This work is a continuation of the authors' research conducted to develop innovative concrete mixtures containing recycled ceramic aggregates formed after crushing of waste ceramic sanitary elements. The article presents the problem of utilization of ceramic waste, there are listed factors of waste generating and the main characteristics of the waste material. Based on available literature, there are presented the results of research work on successfully using ceramic waste aggregates in the production of concrete composites. The main aim of this work was to design innovative concrete containing sanitary waste which would be permeable to water. The composite presented in the work showed total water permeability. The tested strength parameters allowed us to propose using it for the communication substrates carrying the load from pedestrian traffic. In this type of communication substrates the authors see a remedy for the problem of utilizing rainwater. Especially in urban areas where is no rain water sewer system this solution would have a legitimate benefit. Totally permeable communication routes could directly transfer water to the substrate under their surface which would effectively increase the chance of natural rainwater absorption.
Role of citizen participation in the formation of city
Authors: Mlambo Senzekile
Published: August 2018

Hailed as one of the best examples of collaborative urban management practices between the local government and informal traders. In a postapartheid
South Africa, there was a national desire to transform the old systems of governance, which in Warwick translated to city government institutions
making an effort to include informal traders in the policy making and management processes. The main aim was to promote inclusive
urban planning and design.
The adipocyte hormone leptin sets the emergence of hippocampal inhibition in mice
Authors: Dumon Camille , Diabira Diabe , Chudotvorova Ilona , Bader Francesca , Sahin Semra , Zhang Jinwei , Porcher Christophe , Wayman Gary , Medina Igor , Gaiarsa Jean-Luc
Published: August 2018

Brain computations rely on a proper balance between excitation and inhibition which progressively emerges during postnatal development in rodent. γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmission supports inhibition in the adult brain but excites immature rodent neurons. Alterations in the timing of the GABA switch contribute to neurological disorders, so unveiling the involved regulators may be a promising strategy for treatment. Here we show that the adipocyte hormone leptin sets the tempo for the emergence of GABAergic inhibition in the newborn rodent hippocampus. In the absence of leptin signaling, hippocampal neurons show an advanced emergence of GABAergic inhibition. Conversely, maternal obesity associated with hyperleptinemia delays the excitatory to inhibitory switch of GABA action in offspring. This study uncovers a developmental function of leptin that may be linked to the pathogenesis of neurological disorders and helps understanding how maternal environment can adversely impact offspring brain development.
Temperature explains broad patterns of Ross River virus transmission
Authors: Shocket Marta Strecker , Ryan Sadie J , Mordecai Erin A
Published: August 2018

Thermal biology predicts that vector-borne disease transmission peaks at intermediate temperatures and declines at high and low temperatures. However, thermal optima and limits remain unknown for most vector-borne pathogens. We built a mechanistic model for the thermal response of Ross River virus, an important mosquito-borne pathogen in Australia, Pacific Islands, and potentially at risk of emerging worldwide. Transmission peaks at moderate temperatures (26.4°C) and declines to zero at thermal limits (17.0 and 31.5°C). The model accurately predicts that transmission is year-round endemic in the tropics but seasonal in temperate areas, resulting in the nationwide seasonal peak in human cases. Climate warming will likely increase transmission in temperate areas (where most Australians live) but decrease transmission in tropical areas where mean temperatures are already near the thermal optimum. These results illustrate the importance of nonlinear models for inferring the role of temperature in disease dynamics and predicting responses to climate change.
FluoEM, virtual labeling of axons in three-dimensional electron microscopy data for long-range connectomics
Authors: Drawitsch Florian , Karimi Ali , Boergens Kevin M , Helmstaedter Moritz
Published: August 2018

The labeling and identification of long-range axonal inputs from multiple sources within densely reconstructed electron microscopy (EM) datasets from mammalian brains has been notoriously difficult because of the limited color label space of EM. Here, we report FluoEM for the identification of multi-color fluorescently labeled axons in dense EM data without the need for artificial fiducial marks or chemical label conversion. The approach is based on correlated tissue imaging and computational matching of neurite reconstructions, amounting to a virtual color labeling of axons in dense EM circuit data. We show that the identification of fluorescent light- microscopically (LM) imaged axons in 3D EM data from mouse cortex is faithfully possible as soon as the EM dataset is about 40–50 µm in extent, relying on the unique trajectories of axons in dense mammalian neuropil. The method is exemplified for the identification of long-distance axonal input into layer 1 of the mouse cerebral cortex.
Simulations of lipid bilayers using the CHARMM36 force field with the TIP3P-FB and TIP4P-FB water models
Authors: Sajadi Fatima , Rowley Christopher N.
Published: August 2018

The CHARMM36 force field for lipids is widely used in simulations of lipid bilayers. The CHARMM family of force fields were developed for use with the mTIP3P water model. This water model has an anomalously high dielectric constant and low viscosity, which limits its accuracy in the calculation of quantities like permeability coefficients. The TIP3P-FB and TIP4P-FB water models are more accurate in terms of the dielectric constant and transport properties, which could allow more accurate simulations of systems containing water and lipids. To test whether the CHARMM36 lipid force field is compatible with the TIP3P-FB and TIP4P-FB water models, we have performed simulations of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine bilayers. The calculated headgroup area, compressibility, order parameters, and X-ray form factors are in good agreement with the experimental values, indicating that these improved water models can be used with the CHARMM36 lipid force field without modification when calculating membrane physical properties. The water permeability predicted by these models is significantly different; the mTIP3P-model diffusion in solution and at the lipid–water interface is anomalously fast due to the spuriously low viscosity of mTIP3P-model water, but the potential of mean force of permeation is higher for the TIP3P-FB and TIP4P-FB models due to their high excess chemical potentials. As a result, the rates of water permeation calculated the FB water models are slower than the experimental value by a factor of 15–17, while simulations with the mTIP3P model only underestimate the water permeability by a factor of 3.
Exosomal microRNAs as tumor markers in epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Pan Chi , Stevic Ines , Müller Volkmar , Ni Qingtao , Oliveira‐Ferrer Leticia , Pantel Klaus , Schwarzenbach Heidi
Published: August 2018

Specific microRNAs (miRNAs) are packaged in exosomes that regulate processes in tumor development and progression. The current study focuses on the influence of exosomal miRNAs in the pathogenesis of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). MiRNA profiles were determined in exosomes from plasma of 106 EOC patients, eight ovarian cystadenoma patients, and 29 healthy women by TaqMan real‐time PCR‐based miRNA array cards containing 48 different miRNAs. In cell culture experiments, the impact of miR‐200b and miR‐320 was determined on proliferation and apoptosis of ovarian cancer cell lines. We report that miR‐21 (P = 0.0001), miR‐100 (P = 0.034), miR‐200b (P = 0.008), and miR‐320 (P = 0.034) are significantly enriched, whereas miR‐16 (P = 0.009), miR‐93 (P = 0.014), miR‐126 (P = 0.012), and miR‐223 (P = 0.029) are underrepresented in exosomes from plasma of EOC patients as compared to those of healthy women. The levels of exosomal miR‐23a (P = 0.009, 0.008) and miR‐92a (P = 009, 0.034) were lower in ovarian cystadenoma patients than in EOC patients and healthy women, respectively. The exosomal levels of miR‐200b correlated with the tumor marker CA125 (P = 0.002) and patient overall survival (P = 0.019). MiR‐200b influenced cell proliferation (P = 0.0001) and apoptosis (P < 0.008). Our findings reveal specific exosomal miRNA patterns in EOC and ovarian cystadenoma patients, which are indicative of a role of these miRNAs in the pathogenesis of EOC.
Circular Data Models
Authors: Pewsey Arthur
Published: August 2018

In contrast to linear data, for which the support is the real line, circular data are those for which the natural support is the unit circle. Examples include angles measured using a compass or weather vane expressed in degrees or radians and measured either clockwise or anticlockwise from some previously specified origin. Times of the day, week, month, or year can also be treated as circular data after conversion to angles. Cyber attacks recorded on a 24‐h clock provide an example. Circular data arise in animal movement and wind‐power generation studies, geology, astronomy, meteorology, oceanography, psychology, medicine, and the health sciences.

As extensions of circular data, toroidal (circular–circular) data are obtained when the values of two circular random variables are observed simultaneously, and cylindrical (circular–linear) data when those of one circular and one linear random variable are jointly observed. In this article, we review probability models for circular data as well as their toroidal and cylindrical extensions.
Application of Model‐Based Designs in PhaseITrials
Authors: Garrett‐Mayer Elizabeth
Published: August 2018

In recent years, model‐based designs have gained popularity for dose‐finding studies in phase I clinical trials. Most of these are based on mathematical models of the relationship between dose and toxicity. Although these may appear more technical than more commonly used algorithmic designs, the model‐based designs tend to be better for many reasons including a more precise and accurate estimate of the desired dose, fewer patients treated at unsafe levels, and more patients treated at efficacious dose levels. Several of these model‐based designs are discussed, including those for combinations and late‐onset toxicities. The continual reassessment method is an adaptive approach that uses the information gathered on early patients in the trial to make decisions about the dose for patients treated later in the trial. Adaptive Bayesian designs behave in a similar way, but the framework in which they are developed differs. Designs in which efficacy and toxicity are both used to determine an optimum dose are also discussed.
Statistical Emulation
Authors: Grow André , Hilton Jason
Published: August 2018

Statistical emulation is a technique for studying the behavior of computational simulation models. With this approach, a statistical function is fitted to the observed relations between model inputs and outputs based on systematic experimentation with the simulation model. The resulting function provides information about the general behavior of the simulation model and can be used, for example, for model simplification, optimization, and calibration. In this article, we discuss the general principles of statistical emulation, introduce readers to regression metamodels and Gaussian process emulators as two examples of commonly used statistical functions, and point readers to experimental designs that can be used for fitting these types of functions.
Within‐Cluster Resampling/Multiple Outputation
Authors: Follmann Dean
Published: August 2018

Within‐cluster resampling (WCR), also known as
multiple outputation
, was originally developed to address informative cluster size, but can easily be applied as a general tool for clustered data. WCR requires a statistical procedure for independent data that produces an asymptotically valid method for inference for a parameter , but one has clustered data with cluster size potentially related to the outcome. One replication of WCR synthetically creates independent data by randomly picking one element from within each cluster and uses the statistical procedure on this now independent data to produce an estimate and an estimated variance . WCR is applied a large number (e.g., 10 000) of times and the resulting s are averaged to obtain . A moment‐based estimator of variance is easily obtained from the s and s. This article develops the WCR estimator, describes special cases, and explores WCR applications.
Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial (SMART)
Authors: Vock David M. , Almirall Daniel
Published: August 2018

A sequential multiple assignment randomized trial (SMART) is an experimental design that scientists can use to develop high‐quality dynamic treatment regimens (DTRs), a prespecified treatment plan in which the type(s) or dosage/intensity of an intervention, the delivery of the intervention, or the monitoring schedule is repeatedly adjusted in response to new information collected about the individual. Specifically, a SMART design is a multistage trial design in which each stage corresponds to a critical decision where there is a scientific question about how best to intervene at that stage. Each participant progresses through the stages and can be randomly assigned to one of several intervention options at each stage. SMART designs allow one to answer a variety of questions concerning the development of a DTR. We highlight some of the common research questions and hypotheses and briefly discuss the appropriate analytical approaches to test these hypotheses. We conclude by contrasting a SMART design with other experimental designs that could be used for developing or for evaluating different DTRs.
Stochastic Programming, Scenario Generation In
Authors: Römisch Werner
Published: August 2018

Stability‐based methods for scenario generation in stochastic programming are reviewed. In particular, we discuss Monte Carlo sampling, quasi‐Monte Carlo methods, and quadrature rules based on sparse grids, optimal quantization, and moment matching methods. In addition, we provide some results on convergence rates. Scenario reduction and scenario tree generation are briefly mentioned.
Machine Learning
Authors: Fattore Marco
Published: August 2018

Machine learning is a multidisciplinary research area, at the crossing of computer science, computational statistics, data mining, and applied mathematics. Its principal aim is to develop and implement algorithms capable of learning from data how to automatically perform various tasks, such as classification, prediction, and pattern recognition, generalizing from examples and without explicitly modeling the underlying stochastic data generation processes. Machine learning algorithms are particularly useful when dealing with high‐dimensional and complex data and when inferential models can hardly be worked out; they are being increasingly implemented in business processes, in smart devices, in decision support systems, and in other artificial intelligence applications, and are becoming a key tool of the “data revolution”. Although the conceptual premises of machine learning are quite different from those of more standard statistical modeling, the border between these two cultures is progressively fading and they are currently melting into what is now being called
data science
.
Big Data
Authors: di Bella Enrico
Published: August 2018

There is not a general consensus in the literature as to how to define big data, but a common framework to describe them are the so‐called three Vs or the three dimensions of big data:
volume
(the quantity of stored big data),
variety
(the variety of documents that constitute big data), and
velocity
(the speed at which new data is being generated). Big data are characterized by high values of all these three dimensions. A fourth dimension has been added later,
veracity
, which refers to the biases, noise, and abnormality in data that may make any result of their analysis completely meaningless if not properly collected and treated. Big data should be distinguished from large data sets or “lots of data” because it is not the volume of data alone that makes a set of data “big,” but their inherent complexity. The advent of big data has been hailed by some scholars as a new era for research, based on a new paradigm of science. Anyhow, another part of the scientific community expresses perplexity about the effective extent of the data revolution pointing out a number of critical points. Anyhow, without a doubt, big data analytics is a trending topic offering a large assortment of analyses designed to drive evidence‐based decision‐making both for the private business/industrial and the public/social sectors. Nevertheless, it raises some privacy issues that call for the definition of new de‐identification techniques and procedures to guarantee the individual's privacy.
Categorical Time Series Analysis
Authors: Weiß Christian H.
Published: August 2018

Categorical time series are discrete‐valued time series having a qualitative range, which consists of a finite number of categories. As standard methods from real‐valued time series analysis cannot be applied to such a kind of data, tailor‐made tools for the visualization of the time series, characterizing the marginal distribution and measuring serial dependence are presented. Also, common stochastic models for such time series are surveyed, including types of Markov models, discrete ARMA models, Hidden‐Markov models, and regression models.
Hidden‐
M
arkov Models for Count Time Series
Authors: Weiß Christian H.
Published: August 2018

Hidden‐Markov models are a type of parameter‐driven state‐space model, which can be used for modeling count time series. Their observations stem from a finite mixture of count distributions and exhibit a non‐Markovian dependence structure. The likelihood function and forecasting distributions can be computed efficiently, and a simple algorithm is available for a global decoding of the hidden states.
History ofChinese Design Education
Authors: Gongkai Pan , Qing Pan
Published: August 2018

Chinese design education has its roots deep in the arts and crafts tradition of ancient China. Long before the modern school system was formed, and for thousands of years, Chinese design education happened in imperial and private workshops and ateliers, and learning took place through a master–apprentice system. This model of education would not change until the nineteenth century, when China's general education system was greatly challenged and all aspects of society entered into the modern era. In the twentieth century, intellectuals such as Cai Yuanpei emphasized the importance of art education in a formal school system, and art academies were founded. Today's art and design education in China is led by fine arts academies and normal universities, which also educate elementary and high school art teachers.
Australian Art and Design Curriculum
Authors: Snepvangers Kim
Published: August 2018

Social and political aspects of Australian art and design curricula have developed in a large continent with a relatively small population concentrated in cities, combined with smaller rural communities and large unpopulated remote regions. These conditions require a range of approaches to art and design curricula. Remoteness combined with state autonomy allows variations within the divergent fields of art and design to flourish. However, ensuing tensions between federal and state authorities, coupled with associations surrounding personal expression and cognitive approaches to art‐making and studying, constrain curricula. Theoretical debates in visual culture, including contemporary art and design thinking, are serving to reconceptualize curricula. Standardized examinations and other assessments add to the struggle to maintain equity, access to resources, and qualified personnel. This chapter discusses initiatives to implement national curricula and state variations in syllabus structures across artforms. Maintaining democratic principles of curriculum and teacher autonomy remain concerns within standards‐based systems.
FARS2 mutations presenting with pure spastic paraplegia and lesions of the dentate nuclei
Authors: Sahai Supreet K. , Steiner Rebecca E. , Au Margaret G. , Graham John M. , Salamon Noriko , Ibba Michael , Pierson Tyler M.
Published: August 2018

Mutations in FARS2, the gene encoding the mitochondrial phenylalanine‐tRNA synthetase (mtPheRS), have been linked to a range of phenotypes including epileptic encephalopathy, developmental delay, and motor dysfunction. We report a 9‐year‐old boy with novel compound heterozygous variants of FARS2, presenting with a pure spastic paraplegia syndrome associated with bilateral signal abnormalities in the dentate nuclei. Exome sequencing identified a paternal nonsense variant (Q216X) lacking the catalytic core and anticodon‐binding regions, and a maternal missense variant (P136H) possessing partial enzymatic activity. This case confirms and expands the phenotype related to FARS2 mutations with regards to clinical presentation and neuroimaging findings.
Enzyme‐Free Detection of Glucose with a Hybrid Conductive Gel Electrode
Authors: Wustoni Shofarul , Savva Achilleas , Sun Ruofan , Bihar Eloise , Inal Sahika
Published: August 2018

Current assays for glucose monitoring rely predominantly on glucose oxidation‐catalyzing enzymes because of the high specificity of enzyme–substrate interactions. Enzymes are however expensive, suffer from instability during fabrication, operation, and storage, and necessitate complex procedures for integration with transducer materials. These challenges, rendering the enzyme‐based sensors disadvantageous for routine glucose monitoring, can be overcome by nonenzymatic sensors. Here, for the enzyme‐free detection of glucose, an electroactive gel is developed via one‐pot polymerization. The functional material is a hybrid of the conducting polymer poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonate and a polyacrylamide gel functionalized with phenylboronic acid. As an electrode, the gel exhibits a specific current response to glucose within the standard concentration range measured in the complex blood‐like medium. When integrated as the lateral, micrometer‐scale gate electrode of an organic electrochemical transistor (OECT), the channel current is proven to be sensitive to the presence of glucose in the measurement solution. The advantage of the OECT‐based sensor compared to the amperometric electrode is its miniaturized form, amplified input signal as well the elimination of a reference electrode. Adaptable to different geometries, this conducting gel exhibits multifunctionality within its soft, gel‐like architecture, that is, mixed ionic and electronic conductivity and glucose‐specific electrical response.
Effect of filler content, size, aspect ratio and morphology on thermal, morphological and permeability properties of porous talc filled—Polypropylene obtained throughMEAUSprocess
Authors: Habibi Kian , Castejón Pilar , Martínez Antonio B. , Arencón David
Published: August 2018

Several commercial grades of talc were selected to develop polypropylene based microporous membranes throughMEAUSprocess (melt extrusion—annealing—uniaxial strain). Talc commercial grades differed in particle size, aspect ratio, and crystalline morphology. Different filler percentages were added to polypropylene (1, 5, 10 wt.%) Parameters such as draw ratio during extrusion, annealing temperature strain rate, and strain extension were kept as constant to analyze the effect of the talc characteristics and content of the obtained membranes. Small particle size and high aspect ratio tend to provide membranes with small pore size, high porous area, and high Gurley permeability values.
Fe‐CoP Electrocatalyst Derived from a Bimetallic Prussian Blue Analogue for Large‐Current‐Density Oxygen Evolution and Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Cao Li‐Ming , Hu Yu‐Wen , Tang Shang‐Feng , Iljin Andrey , Wang Jia‐Wei , Zhang Zhi‐Ming , Lu Tong‐Bu
Published: August 2018

Industrial application of overall water splitting requires developing readily available, highly efficient, and stable oxygen evolution electrocatalysts that can efficiently drive large current density. This study reports a facile and practical method to fabricate a non‐noble metal catalyst by directly growing a Co‐Fe Prussian blue analogue on a 3D porous conductive substrate, which is further phosphorized into a bifunctional Fe‐doped CoP (Fe‐CoP) electrocatalyst. The Fe‐CoP/NF (nickel foam) catalyst shows efficient electrocatalytic activity for oxygen evolution reaction, requiring low overpotentials of 190, 295, and 428 mV to achieve 10, 500, and 1000 mA cm−2 current densities in 1.0 m KOH solution. In addition, the Fe‐CoP/NF can also function as a highly active electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction with a low overpotential of 78 mV at 10 mA cm−2 current density in alkaline solution. Thus, the Fe‐CoP/NF electrode with meso/macropores can act as both an anode and a cathode to fabricate an electrolyzer for overall water splitting, only requiring a cell voltage of 1.49 V to afford a 10 mA cm−2 current density with remarkable stability. This performance appears to be among the best reported values and is much better than that of the IrO2‐Pt/C‐based electrolyzer.
Beyond Friedel and Crafts: Directed Alkylation of C−H Bonds in Arenes
Authors: Evano Gwilherm , Theunissen Cédric
Published: August 2018

Alkylation of arenes is one of the most fundamental transformations in chemical synthesis and leads to privileged scaffolds in many areas of science. Classical methods for the introduction of alkyl groups to arenes are mostly based on the Friedel–Crafts reaction, radical additions, metalation, or prefunctionalization of the arene: these methods, however, suffer from limitations in scope, efficiency, and selectivity. Moreover, they are based on the innate reactivity of the starting arene, favoring the alkylation at a certain position and rendering the introduction of alkyl chains at other positions much more challenging. This can be addressed by the use of a directing group that facilitates, in the presence of a metal catalyst, the regioselective alkylation of a C−H bond. These directed alkylations of C−H bonds in arenes will be comprehensively summarized in this Review.
Circular business models for sustainable development: A “waste is food” restorative ecosystem
Authors: Zucchella Antonella , Previtali Pietro
Published: August 2018

Our aim is to provide a better understanding of a business model based on circular principles. In particular, we focus on two issues that support the development of a circular business model: (a) the focal actor as orchestrator of the circular network and (b) the circular ecosystem encompassing suppliers, customers, research centers, and public authorities, in which each actor/stakeholder plays a specific role, based on effective interorganizational relationships. The research method applied is an in‐depth nested single case study of a circular project. Our results highlight an exemplar case of an ecosystemic business model in agriculture, involving different types of innovation and strong collaboration among network members, orchestrated by a focal firm. The abductive approach used led to the formulation of some research propositions and to the identification of some adoption factors and barriers to growth in circular business models.
Do environmental, social, and governance activities improve corporate financial performance?
Authors: Xie Jun , Nozawa Wataru , Yagi Michiyuki , Fujii Hidemichi , Managi Shunsuke
Published: August 2018

This study investigated the relationship between corporate efficiency and corporate sustainability to determine whether firms concerned about environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues can also be efficient and profitable. We applied data envelopment analysis to estimate corporate efficiency and investigated the nonlinear relationship between corporate efficiency and ESG disclosure. Evidence shows that corporate transparency regarding ESG information has a positive association with corporate efficiency at the moderate disclosure level, rather than at the high or low disclosure level. Governance information disclosure has the strongest positive linkage with corporate efficiency, followed by social and environmental information disclosure. Moreover, we explored the relationship between particular ESG activities and corporate financial performance (CFP), including corporate efficiency, return on assets, and market value. We found that most of the ESG activities reveal a nonnegative relationship with CFP. These findings may provide evidence about voluntary corporate social responsibility strategy choices for enhancing corporate sustainability.
Blood finds its own way: Axillary vein thrombosis with extensive chest‐wall collaterals
Authors: Koratala Abhilash , Bhattacharya Deepti , Chamarthi Gajapathiraju
Published: August 2018

Key Clinical Message

Hemodialysis catheters are associated with upper extremity deep vein thrombosis, and chronic venous occlusion leads to the formation of collateral pathways. Knowledge of these pathways aids in accurate interpretation of upper extremity venograms. Arteriovenous fistula is the preferred access for chronic hemodialysis, and long‐term use of catheters should be avoided.
Repurposing the Industrial Dye Methylene Blue as an Active Component for Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Kosswattaarachchi Anjula M. , Cook Timothy R.
Published: August 2018

Methylene blue is a common component of industrial wastewater in the textile industry. The redox properties of this environmentally damaging molecule make it suitable for use in the electrolyte solutions of aqueous redox flow batteries. Here, we carry out electrochemical analyses of aqueous methylene blue solutions to establish the dye as a pH tuneable, two‐electron redox transfer agent with fast transfer kinetics. Galvanostatic charge‐discharge experiments demonstrated ∼100 % coulombic efficiency for 50 cycles over seven days. Cycling performance was dependent on the membrane separator used. Cells containing an AMI‐7001 membrane showed a capacity decay with the state‐of‐charge falling to 56 % due to dye adsorption. Nafion NE1035 showed no adsorption nor membrane crossover. The combination of chemical and redox stability, and fast kinetics motivate the recycling of methylene blue wastewater as the basis for flow battery electrolyte solutions.
Highly Responsive Fluorescent Assemblies Allow for Unique, Multiparametric Sensing of the Phospholipid Membrane Environment
Authors: Gulyani Akash , Dey Nilanjan , Bhattacharya Santanu
Published: August 2018

Despite decades‐long extensive research, probes that provide a comprehensive description of the lipid membrane microenvironment are still lacking. Here, a “smart” pyrene‐terpyridine probe for multiparametric sensing of lipid membranes is reported. The complexity of the associated local microenvironment can be described by the distinct features of the probe fluorescence. The self‐assembly of the probe molecules in phospholipid bilayers was sensitive to membrane order and phase state. The self‐assembled probes showed a unique emission, influenced by dye–dye interactions and excited‐state charge transfer. Moreover, this emission was sensitive to interfacial hydration, with very specific changes in emission wavelengths and fluorescence lifetimes upon variation of lipid compositions and properties. In parallel, changes in the lipid order and hydration affected the ground‐state interactions in the dye aggregates and, thus, could be measured through ratiometric changes in the excitation and emission readouts. In addition, fluorescence anisotropy measurements provided another way to study the nature of dye aggregates in lipid bilayers. Overall, this report demonstrates how multiple aspects of the membrane microenvironment can be sensed through the unique fluorescence signatures of this “smart” probe in lipid membranes, and it establishes a new paradigm in lipid‐membrane sensing.
RADAR: Self‐configuring and self‐healing in resource management for enhancing quality of cloud services
Authors: Gill Sukhpal Singh , Chana Inderveer , Singh Maninder , Buyya Rajkumar
Published: August 2018

Cloud computing utilizes heterogeneous resources that are located in various datacenters to provide an efficient performance on a pay‐per‐use basis. However, existing mechanisms, frameworks, and techniques for management of resources are inadequate to manage these applications, environments, and the behavior of resources. There is a requirement of a Quality of Service (QoS) based autonomic resource management technique to execute workloads and deliver cost‐efficient and reliable cloud services automatically. In this paper, we present an intelligent and autonomic resource management technique named RADAR. RADAR focuses on two properties of self‐management: firstly, self‐healing that handles unexpected failures and, secondly, self‐configuration of resources and applications. The performance of RADAR is evaluated in the cloud simulation environment and the experimental results show that RADAR delivers better outcomes in terms of execution cost, resource contention, execution time, and SLA violation while it delivers reliable services.
The network structure of Chinese finance market through the method of complex network and random matrix theory
Authors: Ji Jian , Huang Chuanchao , Cao Ya , Hu Sen
Published: August 2018

As we know, economic policy has a significant influence on the stock market. So, it should be interesting to detect the relation between the correlation structure of the stock market and economic policy. To achieve this target, the correlation matrix is analyzed through component analysis method first, to detect the economic implication of the components of correlation matrix. It is found that the biggest driving force of market behavior affects the whole stock market instead of individual stock or plate and the evolution of important plates of the second component relates closely to economic policies. Then, ordinary networks, denoising networks, and noise networks are constructed for different periods and distinction among the structures of different networks in the same period is analyzed. The result suggests that the economic factors corresponding to the first and second components make the stock market be sensitive and lead to a gathering effect in ordinary and denoising networks. At last, based on the inferences from this paper, the formation of power law in the stock network and the influence of crisis on the structure of stock network are discussed.
Comparison of JC‐1 and MitoTracker probes for mitochondrial viability assessment in stored canine platelet concentrates: A flow cytometry study
Authors: Marcondes Natália Aydos , Terra Silvia Resende , Lasta Camila Serina , Hlavac Nicole Regina Capacchi , Dalmolin Magnus Larruscaim , Lacerda Luciana de Almeida , Faulhaber Gustavo Adolpho Moreira , González Félix Hilário Díaz
Published: August 2018

Mitochondria perform crucial roles in many biochemical processes, and mitochondrial depolarization is an early sign of platelet apoptosis. The mitochondrial membrane potential is usually evaluated through JC‐1 probe, but it can also be assessed with MitoTracker probes. Our aim was to evaluate mitochondrial viability in stored canine platelet concentrates (PCs) with the fluorescent probes JC‐1 and MitoTracker. Platelets from 22 canine PCs were stained with JC‐1 and MitoTracker probes on days 1, 3, and 5 of storage. Data on metabolic parameters were also collected for correlation studies. Results of JC‐1 and MitoTracker revealed a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential in day 5 of storage compared to days 1 and 3, providing evidence of mitochondrial depolarization, a finding that was confirmed by the data on metabolic parameters. MitoTracker probes also added information regarding platelet swelling. In conclusion, MitoTracker probes offered a more complete mitochondrial analysis in the evaluation of stored canine PCs. © 2018 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Multiannual effects of induced plant defenses: Are defended plants good or bad neighbors?
Authors: Benevenuto Rafael Fonseca , Hegland Stein Joar , Töpper Joachim Paul , Rydgren Knut , Moe Stein R. , Rodriguez‐Saona Cesar , Seldal Tarald
Published: August 2018

Defenses induced by herbivore feeding or phytohormones such as methyl jasmonate (MeJA) can affect growth, reproduction, and herbivory, not only on the affected individual but also in its neighboring plants. Here, we report multiannual defense, growth, and reproductive responses of MeJA‐treated bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) and neighboring ramets. In a boreal forest in western Norway, we treated bilberry ramets with MeJA and water (control) and measured responses over three consecutive years. We observed the treatment effects on variables associated with herbivory, growth, and reproduction in the MeJA‐treated and untreated ramet and neighboring ramets distanced from 10 to 500 cm. MeJA‐treated ramets had fewer grazed leaves and browsed shoots compared to control, with higher effects in 2014 and 2015, respectively. In 2013, growth of control ramets was greater than MeJA‐treated ramets. However, MeJA‐treated ramets had more flowers and berries than control ramets 2 years after the treatment. The level of insect and mammalian herbivory was also lower in untreated neighboring ramets distanced 10–150 cm and, consistent with responses of MeJA‐treated ramets, the stronger effect was also one and 2 years delayed, respectively. The same neighboring ramets had fewer flowers and berries than untreated ramets, indicating a trade‐off between defense and reproduction. Although plant–plant effects were observed across all years, the strength varied by the distance between the MeJA‐treated ramets and its untreated neighbors. We document that induced defense in bilberry reduces both insect and mammalian herbivory, as well as growth, over multiple seasons. The defense responses occurred in a delayed manner with strongest effects one and 2 years after the induction. Additionally, our results indicate defense signaling between MeJA‐treated ramets and untreated neighbors. In summary, this study shows that induced defenses are important ecological strategies not only for the induced individual plant but also for neighboring plants across multiple years in boreal forests.
Relative importance of chemical attractiveness to parasites for susceptibility to trematode infection
Authors: Langeloh Laura , Seppälä Otto
Published: August 2018

While the host immune system is often considered the most important physiological mechanism against parasites, precontact mechanisms determining exposure to parasites may also affect infection dynamics. For instance, chemical cues released by hosts can attract parasite transmission stages. We used the freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis and its trematode parasite Echinoparyphium aconiatum to examine the role of host chemical attractiveness, physiological condition, and immune function in determining its susceptibility to infection. We assessed host attractiveness through parasite chemo‐orientation behavior; physiological condition through host body size, food consumption, and respiration rate; and immune function through two immune parameters (phenoloxidase‐like and antibacterial activity of hemolymph) at an individual level. We found that, although snails showed high variation in chemical attractiveness to E. aconiatum cercariae, this did not determine their overall susceptibility to infection. This was because large body size increased attractiveness, but also increased metabolic activity that reduced overall susceptibility. High metabolic rate indicates fast physiological processes, including immune activity. The examined immune traits, however, showed no association with susceptibility to infection. Our results indicate that postcontact mechanisms were more likely to determine snail susceptibility to infection than variation in attractiveness to parasites. These may include localized immune responses in the target tissue of the parasite. The lack of a relationship between food consumption and attractiveness to parasites contradicts earlier findings that show food deprivation reducing snail attractiveness. This suggests that, although variation in resource level over space and time can alter infection dynamics, variation in chemical attractiveness may not contribute to parasite‐induced fitness variation within populations when individuals experience similar environmental conditions.