bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Equivalent in-plane elastic modulus of honeycomb sandwich in the direction of cell vertical wall
Authors: Chen DH , Fan XL
Published: July 2021

The equivalent in-plane elastic modulus [Formula: see text] of a honeycomb sandwich in the direction of cell vertical wall can be assessed by the law of mixture from the modulus of face sheet [Formula: see text] and the equivalent modulus of honeycomb core [Formula: see text]. However, significant errors as large as 40% can be made depending on material and geometry parameters, when the used [Formula: see text] is obtained from a cellular model of core alone without considering the skin effect of face sheet. The main reason of the error is that the rigidity to deformation of y-direction is different greatly between the vertical cell wall of core and inclined cell wall of core. In the present paper, an analytical model is proposed to assess [Formula: see text] of honeycomb sandwich with considering the interference effect of the core with the face sheet. In the proposed model, the influence of the face sheet rigidity on [Formula: see text] is taken into account. The results demonstrate that the contribution of the core to [Formula: see text] is also dependent on the face sheet rigidity significantly. The validity of presented model is verified by comparing the results with numerical results of FEA.
Mechanical modeling of a stitched sandwich thermal protection structure with ceramic-fiber-reinforced SiO2 aerogel as core layer
Authors: Sun Yantao , Lv Shuangqi , Yang Xiaoguang , Huang Jia , Fu Zhizhong , Zheng Xiaomei , Dong Liwei , Fan Tianyu , Zhang Shengliang , Tuo Wei , Zhou Lei , He Xiuran , Shi Duoqi
Published: July 2021

Ceramic-fiber-reinforced SiO2 aerogel (CFRSA) composite was used as core layer to prepare a stitched sandwich thermal protection structure (SSTPS). Mechanical properties of the SSTPS were experimentally investigated and compared with that of CFRSA, including flatwise tension, flatwise compression, edgewise compression and shear. Research results showed that the SSTPS can greatly improve the mechanical properties of CFRSA. To further understand the non-linear, tension-compression asymmetric and transversely isotropic properties of the SSTPS, inner configurations were investigated by X-ray computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy. Mechanical models were established to predict the overall properties of the SSTPS through performance of each component, including theoretical model and finite element analysis (FEA) model. Mixed series-parallel spring models were constructed to theoretically predict the effective elasticity modulus of the SSTPS. Representative volume element (RVE) was selected for FEA modeling of the SSTPS, which can not only predict the equivalent elastic modulus of SSTPS, but also predict the nonlinear flatwise compression behavior. In order to verify whether the mechanical properties of large area SSTPS under complex stress can be represented by the properties of uniform materials through RVE analysis, four-point bending test and FEA modeling were carried out on a large scale SSTPS specimen. Results showed that when analyzing the macro bending behavior of large area SSTPS, the method of equivalent SSTPS to uniform material were of relatively high accuracy and efficiency.
Telephone-based consultation in an acute eye clinic service: A patient satisfaction survey
Authors: Sieberer Julia , Hughes Patrick , Sian Indy
Published: July 2021

Objectives:

The coronavirus pandemic has forced healthcare staff across all medical specialties to adapt new and different ways of working. A new approach has been set up in the Acute Referral Clinic (ARC) at Musgrove Park Hospital and a survey has been conducted to measure the impact of the new method on patient and healthcare professionals’ satisfaction with the new service.

Methods:

A telephone-based consultation was introduced in ARC at Musgrove Park Hospital in March 2020 and patients were instructed to fill out a questionnaire containing eight items using a Likert Scale 1 (‘very poor/disagree’) to 4 (‘very good/strongly agree’) plus two boxes for open positive and negative comments respectively. Likewise a questionnaire was designed in order to assess the healthcare professionals’ satisfaction using the new approach. Data collection took place over a two month period between the end of March 2020 and end of May 2020. The data underwent quality control and was analysed using descriptive statistics.

Results:

Patient responses illustrated high satisfaction scores with an overall rating of very good (89.4%). The healthcare professionals’ rating of the service was good (28.6% – ‘very good/strongly agree’, 57.1% – ‘good/agree’). The safety rating of the new approach was overall rated ‘very good’ with 90.4% and 71.4% of patients and healthcare professionals respectively.

Conclusions:

The telephone consultations introduced in the wake of COVID-19 are well accepted by both patients and doctors. There are some limitations of the approach, foremost being consultation time and clinic space but these do not outweigh the general benefit of this format amidst a pandemic setting.
Konnyaku jelly: A quick preparation and cost effective ultrasound-guided IV phantom model
Authors: Tanigawa Makoto , Chu Titus , Lewiss Resa E , Au Arthur
Published: July 2021

Clinicians commonly place ultrasound-guided intravenous catheters in peripheral veins for the diagnostic and therapeutic treatments of patients. This procedural skill requires practice and static phantom models are a commonly used education tool. Several commercial models that simulate blood vessels within tissue are available; however, they can be expensive. There are many examples of “Do-It-Yourself” models proposed; however, many of these require time to create the model. Mixing water and gelatin to make a gelatinous material, and the time necessary to set and store the phantom may deter people from pursuing these options. We propose Konnyaku jelly, or “yam cake,” found in many Asian grocery stores, as the substrate to create a phantom model. When imaging with ultrasound, this model is similar to commercially available models, however the cost is less than $3.00 and preparation is about 5 min. We believe that Konnyaku jelly should be a more generally accepted homemade static model for phantom preparation.
Singing with awareness: A phenomenology of singers’ experience with the Feldenkrais Method
Authors: Paparo Stephen A
Published: July 2021

Though methods of somatic education such as the Feldenkrais Method are becoming more widely recognized as complementary approaches in vocal and choral pedagogy, there is little research that examines the experiences of singers who participate in such mind–body approaches. With the intent of exploring pedagogical implications of somatic education in music education, the purpose of this phenomenological study was to examine the experiences of undergraduate vocal music education majors enrolled in an elective, 7-week Feldenkrais course. Specifically, how do singers describe in their participation in Feldenkrais Awareness Through Movement lessons, and how do these experiences inform their understanding of how they sing? Data were gathered from questionnaires, weekly journals, and semi-structured interviews. Phenomenological data analysis following Moustakas’s approach revealed three themes reported as textural and structural descriptions: (a) improved quality of movement, (b) heightened awareness of singing, and (c) enhanced practice. The overall essence of participants’ experience may be summarized as a process of self-discovery that provided individualized benefits for singing. Discussion includes pedagogical implications of somatic teaching and learning in PreK through university contexts as well as suggestions for future research.
Interrogating intercultural competence through a “pedagogy of interruption”: A metasynthesis of intercultural outreach projects in music teacher education
Authors: Westerlund Heidi , Kallio Alexis Anja , Karlsen Sidsel
Published: July 2021

Highlighting the need for teacher education programs to respond to rapidly diversifying societies, this article reports a qualitative metasynthesis of intercultural outreach projects in music teacher education, conceptualizing these projects as a “pedagogy of interruption.” Results show that such outreach projects interrupt the individualistic frame of music teacher education, the known difference, the logic of teaching, and the understanding of what intercultural teacher competence is, rather moving toward letting the context teach. The complex relational work involved in intercultural outreach projects can be seen to establish spaces for framing learning within professional self-reflexivity, embracing uncertainty and trusting relational becomings through an investment in the political and moral aspects of teacher education and intercultural theorization. The article argues that intercultural outreach projects and theorization can be taken as a healthy test for contemporary music teacher education to rethink what competence and its own education is for in the 21st Century.
Exploring Behavioural Activation as a treatment for low mood within CAMHS: An IPA study of adolescent experiences
Authors: Shenton Naomi , Redmond Tomos , Kroll Leo , Parry Sarah
Published: July 2021

Low mood is the most commonly diagnosed mental health condition affecting adolescents; however, it remains complex to treat due to multi-systemic risk and maintaining factors. Behavioural Activation (BA) is a brief therapy which demonstrates promising treatment outcomes, although limited qualitative accounts exist of how adolescents experience this. This is one of the first studies undertaken in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) to explore the perspectives of adolescent’s with low mood who have received BA therapy. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was conducted from one-to-one interviews with nine adolescents who received BA, generating an idiographic account of their experiences. Three superordinate themes emerged: how the format of BA can promote the integration of coping skills into one’s life; how interpersonal connections and therapeutic relationships may improve intervention outcomes; and how BA principles could be internalised as part of a young person’s day-to-day life. Participants valued the structure and flexibility of the manualised approach, forming an alliance with the therapist, and enhancing interpersonal relationships. This study details how BA can enhance resiliency skills for adolescents experiencing low mood and illustrates some of the change process at inter and intrapersonal levels, which should guide further youth-led research.
Distributed probability of infection risk of airborne respiratory diseases
Authors: Zhai Zhiqiang (John) , Li He
Published: July 2021

Infection risk is commonly used to predict potential health impacts of airborne respiratory diseases such as ‘severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)' and associated environment conditions and mitigation measures. The assumption of perfect air-mixing in spaces is widely applied in prediction, which projects a single mean risk of infection in the space. Detailed distribution of infection risk, especially for large spaces such as large lecture hall, indoor stadium and ballroom, will be highly desired for evaluating indoor risks and improvement performance of mitigating strategies. This study developed new formulae for calculating the spatial distribution of infection risk, stemming from the original Wells–Riley model but integrating the spatial distribution of pathogen concentrations. Case studies were presented for two typical large public spaces (i.e. restaurant and ballroom). Distributed infection risks were predicted with and without mitigation measures, upon which critical parameters of portable air cleaners can be optimized. The method can be employed for estimating local infection risks of airborne respiratory diseases using either measured or simulated pathogen concentration.
Engineering microenvironments for manufacturing therapeutic cells
Authors: Kwee Brian J , Sung Kyung E
Published: July 2021

There are a growing number of globally approved products and clinical trials utilizing autologous and allogeneic therapeutic cells for applications in regenerative medicine and immunotherapies. However, there is a need to develop rapid and cost-effective methods for manufacturing therapeutically effective cells. Furthermore, the resulting manufactured cells may exhibit heterogeneities that result in mixed therapeutic outcomes. Engineering approaches that can provide distinct microenvironmental cues to these cells may be able to enhance the growth and characterization of these cell products. This mini-review describes strategies to potentially enhance the expansion of therapeutic cells with biomaterials and bioreactors, as well as to characterize the cell products with microphysiological systems. These systems can provide distinct cues to maintain the quality attributes of the cells and evaluate their function in physiologically relevant conditions.
Hepatoprotective Effects ofHeracleum candicansAgainst Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Acute Liver Injury in Rats
Authors: Li Jie , Song Dan , Zhang Bintao , Guo Jinwei , Li Wenping , Zhang Xiaoying , Zhao Qin
Published: July 2021

Purpose:

To determine the hepatoprotective mechanisms of Heracleum candicans in rats with acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4).

Methods:

Rats were intragastrically administered H candicans twice a day for 14 consecutive days and were intraperitoneally challenged with CCl4. Alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were measured to indicate liver injury. Malondialdehyde antioxidant enzyme activity and tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin 6 secretion were measured as liver injury indicators. Histopathological tests were conducted to determine whether H candicans ameliorated liver injury.

Results:

CCl4-induced liver injury led to significant increases in liver injury biochemical indicators transaminase and malondialdehyde activities. H candicans pretreatments inhibited these increases. Pathological sections in pretreated samples exhibited reduced vacuole formation, neutrophil infiltration, and necrosis.

Conclusion:

H candicans increases the antioxidant capacity of the liver and maintains hepatocyte function in the face of CCl4-induced injury.
Do It for the Culture: The Case for Memes in Qualitative Research
Authors: Iloh Constance
Published: July 2021

Memes are a prominent feature of global life in the 21st century. The author asserts that memes are significant to current and future qualitative research. In particular, the text establishes memes as: (a) part of everyday communication, expression, and explanation, thus useful in qualitative research; (b) valuable cultural units and symbols; (c) forms of rapport building and cultivating relational research; (d) approaches that bolster and sustain remote data collection; (e) methods that infuse agency, humor, and creativity into the research process. The author then showcases distinctive ways memes can be effectively incorporated in qualitative research pursuits and publications. The article concludes with the necessity of data collection and representation approaches that advance the meaningfulness and cultural-relevance of qualitative inquiry.
Reliability analysis of the anti-sliding of a retaining wall subjected to seismic loads
Authors: Huang Xiao-Cheng , Xu Xiao-Di , Chen Qiu-Nan , Liu Yun-Fu
Published: July 2021

Geotechnical engineering involves various types of uncertainties, as it always deals with highly variable natural materials. Reliability-based design/analysis can play at least a complementary role in the design approach. In this paper, reliability analysis of anti-sliding of retaining wall with the parameters treated as random variables is performed based on the concept of random fields. Both friction angle and cohesion of soils near the interface along the base of retaining wall are treated as Gaussian fields. The spatial correlation and cross correlation of the variables are calculated by a specific covariance function and the seismic loads act on retaining walls are also taken into account. Examples are illustrated to verify the accuracy of the proposed approach. It is found from the numerical results that the spatial correlation of shear strength has an important influence on the probability of the anti-sliding failure of retaining wall. Moreover, the numerical results obtained from the proposed method are in full agreement with those obtained from Monte Carlo simulations. Therefore, the proposed method provides a new view to study the stability of a retaining wall subjected to seismic loads.
Isolated Talonavicular Arthrodesis for Traumatic Talonavicular Arthritis: Report of 2 Cases With Gait Analyses
Authors: Nitta Yuina , Seki Hiroyuki , Suda Yasunori , Tanabe Rie , Tsuchiya Risa , Nagashima Masaki , Ishii Ken
Published: July 2021

Isolated talonavicular arthrodesis is one of the surgical procedures for patients with talonavicular arthritis. However, the 3-dimensional kinematic behavior of the hip, knee, and foot/ankle complex during walking after the arthrodesis remains unclear. The clinical outcomes and gait analyses of 2 cases who underwent isolated arthrodesis for talonavicular osteoarthritis with chronic dislocated navicular fracture are presented. Gait analysis was carried out in both cases 1 year after surgery to clarify the side-to-side differences in the ranges of motion of the hip, knee, and foot/ankle complex during walking. Both cases showed good clinical results and radiographic bone union. The kinematic data of the gait analyses showed considerable restriction in the range of motion of the ankle in all 3-dimensional planes for the fused foot compared with the contralateral side. Additionally, hyperextension of the knee in the late stance of gait on the operated side was observed in both cases. When talonavicular arthrodesis was performed for talonavicular osteoarthritis with chronic dislocated navicular fracture, postoperative generalized stiffness of the ankle and future disorder of the knee should be considered.

Levels of Evidence: Level V: Case report
The Friends-to-Lovers Pathway to Romance: Prevalent, Preferred, and Overlooked by Science
Authors: Stinson Danu Anthony , Cameron Jessica J. , Hoplock Lisa B.
Published: July 2021

There is more than one pathway to romance, but relationship science does not reflect this reality. Our research reveals that relationship initiation studies published in popular journals (Study 1) and cited in popular textbooks (Study 2) overwhelmingly focus on romance that sparks between strangers and largely overlook romance that develops between friends. This limited focus might be justified if friends-first initiation was rare or undesirable, but our research reveals the opposite. In a meta-analysis of seven samples of university students and crowdsourced adults (Study 3; N = 1,897), two thirds reported friends-first initiation, and friends-first initiation was the preferred method of initiation among university students (Study 4). These studies affirm that friends-first initiation is a prevalent and preferred method of romantic relationship initiation that has been overlooked by relationship science. We discuss possible reasons for this oversight and consider the implications for dominant theories of relationship initiation.
Endogenous Spatial Attention Modulates the Magnitude of the Colavita Visual Dominance Effect
Authors: Wang Aijun , Zhou Heng , Hu Yuanyuan , Wu Qiong , Zhang Tianyang , Tang Xiaoyu , Zhang Ming
Published: July 2021

The Colavita effect refers to the phenomenon wherein people tend to not respond to an auditory stimulus when a visual stimulus is simultaneously presented. Although previous studies have shown that endogenous modality attention influences the Colavita effect, whether the Colavita effect is influenced by endogenous spatial attention remains unknown. In the present study, we established endogenous spatial cues to investigate whether the size of the Colavita effect changes under visual or auditory cues. We measured three indexes to investigate the effect of endogenous spatial attention on the size of the Colavita effect. These three indexes were developed based on the following observations in bimodal trials: (a) The proportion of the “only vision” response was significantly higher than that of the “only audition” response; (b) the proportion of the “vision precedes audition” response was significantly higher than that of the “audition precedes vision” response; and (c) the reaction time difference of the “vision precedes audition” response was significantly higher than that of the “audition precedes vision” response. Our results showed that the Colavita effect was always influenced by endogenous spatial attention and that its size was larger at the cued location than at the uncued location; the cue modality (visual vs. auditory) had no effect on the size of the Colavita effect. Taken together, the present results shed light on how endogenous spatial attention affects the Colavita effect.
Government digital policies and children’s rights in Uruguay: An assessment framed by the UN CRC’s dimensions of provision, protection and participation
Authors: Magnone Soledad
Published: July 2021

By 2015, one-third of internet users around the world were under the age of 18, almost half of which were living in the so-called ‘Global South’. In light of this, literature from the field of children’s online rights has become increasingly critical of the lack of engagement in internet governance discussions globally with the United Nations (UN) Convention of the Rights of the Child (CRC). Revisions of the CRC for its 25th anniversary influenced scholarship proposing using it as a guiding framework to identify and regress current deficits amongst its pillars of provision, protection and participation. This has triggered debates by evidencing how dominant strategies have been overly focused on facilitating access, with issues of online protection often being ignored and at times even hindering the almost absent considerations to child’s right to participation. Framed within a national Digital Agenda initially based on a One-Laptop-Per-Child program (Plan Ceibal), the Uruguayan government managed to effectively bridge the ‘digital divide’ in access to laptops and internet amongst its youngest population. This yielded significant impacts on low-income households and its achievements allowed the country to receive frequent praise by International Organisations. This study consists of an analysis of government digital policies focused on children in Uruguay between 2009 and 2019. To facilitate this, the CRC was used as a framework to categorise key features of the principal strategies that have been implemented. It argues that while great advances have been made in terms of digital access, this has not been sufficiently accompanied with comprehensive and child-centred solutions that encompass regulations and children and adult digital education. These are fundamental aspects for promoting a critical engagement with digital technologies and tailoring strategies for digital policies championing the best interest of children and Uruguay’s digital future.
Fake news, technology and ethics: Can AI and blockchains restore integrity?
Authors: Lacity Mary C
Published: July 2021

This teaching case explores the advantages and disadvantages of battling fake news with advanced information technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchains. Students will explore the purposes of, proliferation of, susceptibility to, and consequences of fake news and assess the efficacy of new interventions that rely on emerging technologies. Key questions students will explore: How can we properly balance freedom of speech and the prevention of fake news? What ethical guidelines should be applied to the use of AI and blockchains to ensure they do more good than harm? Will technology be enough to stop fake news?
Retrospective cohort study of statin prescribing for primary prevention among people living with HIV
Authors: Nardolillo Joseph A , Marrs Joel C , Anderson Sarah L , Hanratty Rebecca , Saseen Joseph J
Published: July 2021

Objective

To compare statin prescribing rates between intermediate-risk people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PLWH) and intermediate-risk patients without a diagnosis of HIV for primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD).

Methods

Retrospective cohort study . Electronic health record data were used to identify a cohort of PLWH aged 40–75 years with a calculated 10-year ASCVD risk between 7.5%-19.9% as determined by the Pooled Cohort Equation (PCE). A matched cohort of primary prevention non-HIV patients was identified. The primary outcome was the proportion of PLWH who were prescribed statin therapy compared to patients who were not living with HIV and were prescribed statin therapy

Results

81 patients meeting study criteria in the PLWH cohort were matched to 81 non-HIV patients. The proportion of patients prescribed statins was 33.0% and 30.9% in the PLWH and non-HIV cohorts, respectively (p = 0.74). Conclusion and relevance: This study evaluated statin prescribing in PLWH for primary prevention of ASCVD as described in the 2018 AHA/ACC/Multisociety guideline. Rates of statin prescribing were similar, yet overall low, among intermediate-risk primary prevention PLWH compared to those not diagnosed with HIV.
Avascular necrosis of the lunate secondary to perilunate fracture dislocation: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Quintero Jorge I , Van Royen Kjell , Bouri Fadi , Muneer Mohammed , Tien Huey
Published: July 2021

This is a 39-year-old male, fell from a bike, left wrist with trans-styloid perilunate fracture dislocation that underwent open reduction internal fixation, 20 months after surgery the patient developed avascular necrosis of the lunate, final wrist fusion was performed secondary to the arthritic changes on the wrist. Anatomic dissection was performed and vascularity of the lunate was identified, its origin is from the volar palmar arch, when dislocated palmarly and more than 90 degrees the vessel is still intact. More than 512 patients with perilunate dislocation and perilunate fracture dislocation are included we identified in the literature transient avascular necrosis of the lunate in nine and seventeen of pure avascular necrosis of the lunate. Concluding that avascular necrosis of the lunate after perilunate dislocation or perilunate fracture dislocation is an infrequent finding especially when the volar ligaments are intact.
Incidence and Outcomes of Acute Kidney Injury in Patients Admitted to Hospital With COVID-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Pitre Tyler , Dong Angela (Hong Tian) , Jones Aaron , Kapralik Jessica , Cui Sonya , Mah Jasmine , Helmeczi Wryan , Su Johnny , Patel Vivek , Zia Zaka , Mallender Michael , Tang Xinxin , Webb Cooper , Patro Nivedh , Junek Mats , Duong MyLinh , Ho Terence , Beauchamp Marla K. , Costa Andrew P. , Kruisselbrink Rebecca , Tsang Jennifer L.Y. , Walsh Michael
Published: July 2021

Background:

The incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with COVID-19 and its association with mortality and disease severity is understudied in the Canadian population.

Objective:

To determine the incidence of AKI in a cohort of patients with COVID-19 admitted to medicine and intensive care unit (ICU) wards, its association with in-hospital mortality, and disease severity. Our aim was to stratify these outcomes by out-of-hospital AKI and in-hospital AKI.

Design:

Retrospective cohort study from a registry of patients with COVID-19.

Setting:

Three community and 3 academic hospitals.

Patients:

A total of 815 patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 between March 4, 2020, and April 23, 2021.

Measurements:

Stage of AKI, ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, and in-hospital mortality.

Methods:

We classified AKI by comparing highest to lowest recorded serum creatinine in hospital and staged AKI based on the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) system. We calculated the unadjusted and adjusted odds ratio for the stage of AKI and the outcomes of ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, and in-hospital mortality.

Results:

Of the 815 patients registered, 439 (53.9%) developed AKI, 253 (57.6%) presented with AKI, and 186 (42.4%) developed AKI in-hospital. The odds of ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, and death increased as the AKI stage worsened. Stage 3 AKI that occurred during hospitalization increased the odds of death (odds ratio [OR] = 7.87 [4.35, 14.23]). Stage 3 AKI that occurred prior to hospitalization carried an increased odds of death (OR = 5.28 [2.60, 10.73]).

Limitations:

Observational study with small sample size limits precision of estimates. Lack of nonhospitalized patients with COVID-19 and hospitalized patients without COVID-19 as controls limits causal inferences.

Conclusions:

Acute kidney injury, whether it occurs prior to or after hospitalization, is associated with a high risk of poor outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Routine assessment of kidney function in patients with COVID-19 may improve risk stratification.

Trial registration:

The study was not registered on a publicly accessible registry because it did not involve any health care intervention on human participants.
The Anatomy of Consonance/Dissonance: Evaluating Acoustic and Cultural Predictors Across Multiple Datasets with Chords
Authors: Eerola Tuomas , Lahdelma Imre
Published: July 2021

Acoustic and musical components of consonance and dissonance perception have been recently identified. This study expands the range of predictors of consonance and dissonance by three analytical operations. In Experiment 1, we identify the underlying structure of a number of central predictors of consonance and dissonance extracted from an extensive dataset of chords using a hierarchical cluster analysis. Four feature categories are identified largely confirming the existing three categories (roughness, harmonicity, familiarity), including spectral envelope as an additional category separate from these. In Experiment 2, we evaluate the current model of consonance/dissonance by Harrison and Pearce by an analysis of three previously published datasets. We use linear mixed models to optimize the choice of predictors and offer a revised model. We also propose and assess a number of new predictors representing familiarity. In Experiment 3, the model by Harrison and Pearce and our revised model are evaluated with nine datasets that provide empirical mean ratings of consonance and dissonance. The results show good prediction rates for the Harrison and Pearce model (62%) and a still significantly better rate for the revised model (73%). In the revised model, the harmonicity predictor of Harrison and Pearce’s model is replaced by Stolzenburg’s model, and a familiarity predictor coded through a simplified classification of chords replaces the original corpus-based model. The inclusion of spectral envelope as a new category is a minor addition to account for the consonance/dissonance ratings. With respect to the anatomy of consonance/dissonance, we analyze the collinearity of the predictors, which is addressed by principal component analysis of all predictors in Experiment 3. This captures the harmonicity and roughness predictors into one component; overall, the three components account for 66% of the consonance/dissonance ratings, where the dominant variance explained comes from familiarity (46.2%), followed by roughness/harmonicity (19.3%).
Impact of Social Entrepreneurial Factors on Sustainable Enterprise Development: Mediating Role of Social Network and Moderating Effect of Government Regulations
Authors: Jiatong Wang , Li Cai , Murad Majid , Shahzad Fakhar , Ashraf Sheikh Farhan
Published: July 2021

Social entrepreneurship is the procedure of social mission that helps the society using innovative ideas and merging resources to develop economic and social values. This study aims to identify the role of social mission and social innovation on sustainable enterprise development with the mediating role of social network, and the moderating role of government regulations. The nature of our study is cross-sectional, and structural equation modeling is used on a sample of 486 social entrepreneurs from 27 countries with the help of online survey data. The results illustrate that social mission and social innovation are positively related to sustainable enterprise development. Besides, findings indicate that social network has a partially mediating role in the relationship between social mission and social innovation on sustainable enterprise development. Moreover, this study states that government regulations also have a positive influence and significant moderating effect on sustainable enterprise development. Our findings might be helpful for social entrepreneurs to create a more positive social impact on society and business enterprise’s growth.
State Repression and Democratic Dispensation in Uganda 1996–2016
Authors: Kakuba Sultan Juma
Published: July 2021

State repression covers several and many aspects such as wrongful detention, harassment, intimidation, torture, beating, and killings within state boundaries. This study adopted a desk survey qualitative research design to document state repression acts during five presidential elections. Secondary and primary data were gathered from Uganda Electoral Commission presidential elections results, African Elections Database, and Inter-Parliamentary Parline database. This was augmented by interviews carried out with purposively selected political activists from different political shades and members of civil society organizations. The data collected from documentary reviews and interviews were thematically analyzed using the content analysis method. The findings were that successive presidential elections won by National Resistance Movement (NRM) were characterized by state repression acts amounting to human rights abuse such as torture, denial of political gatherings, wrongful arrest, and detention, intimidation, and killings. Drawing from the study findings, the conclusion is that NRM has used state institutions to repress opposition to shield its regime and to lure mass support to remain in power, undermining democratic dispensation it restored in the country.
The Shifting Geopolitics of Coronavirus and the Demise of Neoliberalism with the Big Challenge for United Nations
Authors: Jana Mintu , Roy Taniya
Published: July 2021

The world is facing a new geopolitical challenge in the pandemic caused by the spread of COVID-19. The world economy has shrunk by about 3%. The trade war between the United States and China and their defensive agreements with other countries was already a huge problem, but it has reached a critical stage due to COVID-19. The United States has filed multiple lawsuits against China, alleging that they purposely released the Coronavirus. The objective of this article is to examine the shifting geopolitics, focusing on international economic and defensive relationships among countries, and especially on the Second Cold War between the United States and China. In this pandemic situation, more countries are facing economic downturn and loss of human life. A new geopolitical journey has been started, which is based on the availability of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and medical products. All previous problems that had not yet been solved by the United Nations have become fresh challenges. Another big challenge is the demise of neoliberalism in the world. Bureaucratic wars have started in the interregional and intraregional zones, and the Second Cold War has started between the United States and China. A major finding of this article is the significant correlation between the death rate of different countries and the shift of geopolitics to a critical stage.
Independent Versus Transtibial Drilling in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Meta-analysis With Meta-regression
Authors: Cuzzolin Marco , Previtali Davide , Delcogliano Marco , Filardo Giuseppe , Candrian Christian , Grassi Alberto
Published: July 2021

Background:

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction can be performed with different techniques for independent and transtibial (TT) drilling of femoral tunnels, but there is still no consensus on which approach leads to the best outcome.

Purpose:

To assess whether the independent or TT drilling approach for ACL reconstruction leads to the best functional outcomes.

Study Design:

Systematic review; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

A systematic literature search was conducted on July 1, 2020, using the PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases. The influence of different femoral drilling techniques was analyzed through a meta-analysis in terms of patient-reported outcome measure scores, risk of complications, range of motion limitations, graft failure, and differential laxity. Subanalyses were performed to compare the different independent drilling techniques considered. Linear metaregression was performed to evaluate if the year of study publication influenced the results. The risk of bias and quality of evidence were assessed following the Cochrane guidelines.

Results:

A total of 22 randomized controlled trials including 1658 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Both International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective score and Lysholm score were higher with the independent drilling approach (mean difference [MD], 1.24 [ P = .02] and 0.55 [ P = .005], respectively). No difference was documented in terms of the risk of reinjury, but independent drilling led to reduced KT-1000 arthrometer–assessed anterior tibial translation (MD, 0.23; P = .01) and a higher probability of a negative postoperative pivot-shift test finding (risk ratio, 1.13; P = .04). There were no significant differences in IKDC objective or Tegner scores. A P value of .07 was found for the association between the year of the study and IKDC objective scores.

Conclusion:

Independent femoral tunnel drilling provided better results than the TT approach, although the difference was not clinically significant. No difference was observed in the risk of reinjury. Increasingly better results were seen among surgical procedures performed in more recent years. Among the independent drilling options, the anteromedial portal technique seemed to provide the most favorable outcomes. The lack of clinically significant differences and the promising outcomes reported with new modified TT techniques suggest the importance of correct placement, rather than the tunnel drilling approach, to optimize the results of ACL reconstruction.
The Role of African Nurse Diaspora in Addressing Public Health Priorities in Africa
Authors: Ezeonwu Mabel
Published: July 2021

African countries experience many complex public health challenges that, to tackle, require coordinated, multi-stakeholder, collaborative partnerships at local and global levels. The African nurse diaspora is a strategic stakeholder, contributor, and liaison to public health interventions, given their roots in the continent, their professional connections in the west, and their ability to build an extensive network of global partners. Using a descriptive qualitative approach that amplifies the voices of the Africa nurse diaspora, this study provides an insider view of the continent’s public health priorities and what roles the diaspora can play to improve health and population outcomes. Findings show that Africa’s high disease burden is generally preventable but compounded by enduring socioeconomic challenges. Against this situation, African-born nurses in the diaspora are uniquely positioned to mobilize both local and global stakeholders in coordinated global health policy interventions and actively engage communities in preventive care while earning their trust.
Has the Credibility of the Social Sciences Been Credibly Destroyed? Reanalyzing the “Many Analysts, One Data Set” Project
Authors: Auspurg Katrin , Brüderl Josef
Published: July 2021

In 2018, Silberzahn, Uhlmann, Nosek, and colleagues published an article in which 29 teams analyzed the same research question with the same data: Are soccer referees more likely to give red cards to players with dark skin tone than light skin tone? The results obtained by the teams differed extensively. Many concluded from this widely noted exercise that the social sciences are not rigorous enough to provide definitive answers. In this article, we investigate why results diverged so much. We argue that the main reason was an unclear research question: Teams differed in their interpretation of the research question and therefore used diverse research designs and model specifications. We show by reanalyzing the data that with a clear research question, a precise definition of the parameter of interest, and theory-guided causal reasoning, results vary only within a narrow range. The broad conclusion of our reanalysis is that social science research needs to be more precise in its “estimands” to become credible.
Determinants of Antenatal Care Utilisation in India: A Count Data Modelling Approach
Authors: Yadav Arvind Kumar , Nag Susanta , Jena Pabitra Kumar , Paltasingh Kirtti Ranjan
Published: July 2021

The article explores the micro-level factors (social, economic and demographic) that determine the utilisation of antenatal care (ANC) services in India using the Bayesian count data regression model. The primary purpose is to rectify the methodological loopholes in the existing literature using a count data regression model that overcomes the problems of overdispersion in the data. Using data from ‘National Family Health Survey’ (NFHS) data on women of reproductive age (15–49 years), we find that about 33% of pregnant women have not availed ANC during their pregnancy. The factors such as women’s education and partner/husband’s education, children’s birth order, household income, availability of basic amenities, like clean drinking water, media exposure, holding of bank accounts and use of mobile phones are statistically significant and positively affect ANC utilisation. Therefore, the study calls for prioritisation of and special attention to uneducated or less educated rural pregnant women. They should be incentivised adequately to utilise ANC services, which may drastically reduce inadequacy in ANC utilisation and improve mothers’ health before and after delivery. Awareness camps should be organised in every village in rural areas about pregnancy-related complications and the benefits of ANC check-ups. Massive infrastructure in the form of primary health centres or community health centres is the need of the hour in rural India.
Using Psychedelics With Therapeutic Intent Is Associated With Lower Shame and Complex Trauma Symptoms in Adults With Histories of Child Maltreatment
Authors: Healy C. J. , Lee Kellie Ann , D’Andrea Wendy
Published: July 2021

Background

Child maltreatment negatively affects the formation of internal schemata of self and other during development, leading to negative adaptations in self-concept and social cognition. Clinical reports suggest the efficacy of psychedelics in treating the psychopathological sequelae of child maltreatment. Altering maladaptive schemata of self and other implicated in negative self-concept and impaired social cognition may be a central mechanism for reducing posttraumatic stress symptoms.

Aims

This study aims to assess whether psychedelic use moderates the relationships between child maltreatment and self-concept, social cognition, and posttraumatic stress symptoms.

Method

An online survey was completed by 166 participants and included measures of maltreatment exposure and severity, history of intentional therapeutic psychedelic use, posttraumatic stress symptoms, internalized shame, and facial emotion recognition.

Results

Child maltreatment significantly correlated with posttraumatic stress symptoms ( r = .26 and r = .20, p < .01) and internalized shame ( r = .18, p < .05). Of all maltreatment subtypes, emotional abuse and neglect most strongly correlated with complex trauma symptoms ( r = .32, p < .001) and internalized shame ( r = .31, p < .001). Participants with a history of intentional therapeutic psychedelic use reported significantly lower complex trauma symptoms ( d = 0.33, p < .05) and internalized shame ( d = 0.35, p < .05) despite similar histories of maltreatment. Differences in complex trauma symptoms ( d = 0.66, p < .01) and internalized shame ( d = 0.80, p < .001) were largest for participants with a history of more than 5 occasions of intentional therapeutic psychedelic use. A history of more than 5 occasions of intentional therapeutic psychedelic use significantly moderated the relationship between emotional abuse and neglect and complex trauma symptoms (p < .01). No associations were found between maltreatment or psychedelic use and facial emotion recognition.

Conclusion

These findings demonstrate that using psychedelic drugs with therapeutic intent is associated with lower levels of complex trauma symptoms and internalized shame in individuals with histories of child maltreatment. Psychedelic use may have therapeutic benefit in treating the posttraumatic sequelae of child maltreatment.
KSI-301: antibody biopolymer conjugate in retinal disorders
Authors: Chandrasekaran Priya R. , Madanagopalan V.G.
Published: July 2021

KSI-301 is a new intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibody biopolymer conjugate under investigation for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic macular oedema (DME) and retinal vein occlusion (RVO). Preclinical and early clinical trials so far have shown promising results in retinal vascular diseases. When using anti-VEGF agents for treatment of retinal disorders, the frequency of injections and follow-up visits has increased the treatment burden, greatly affecting the treatment outcome. There are new anti-VEGF agents in the horizon with extended duration of action, durability, safety profile and efficacy, which seem to address the above issues. PubMed search and Medline search were performed on newer anti-VEGF agents, KSI-301, antibody biopolymer conjugate in retina, KODIAK KSI-301, DAZZLE study, GLEAM study, GLIMMER study, GLOW study and BEACON study. This review article showcases the biophysical properties and ongoing trials related to KSI-301. Moreover, we discuss the efficacy and safety profile of KSI-301 on the basis of the results of available trials.
Paraneoplastic Leukemoid Reaction after Primary Tumor Resection in Patients with Urothelial Carcinoma: A Report of 2 Cases
Authors: Pan Shien-Tung , Tseng Shu-Ping , Wang Chiou-Huey , Chou Yu-Ting
Published: July 2021

Leukemoid reaction (LR), which is defined as leukocytosis with a white blood cell (WBC) count above 50 000/µL, can be caused by various conditions, while paraneoplastic leukemoid reaction (PLR), a rare type of paraneoplastic syndrome, occurs in cases of solid tumors. Here we report 2 cases of high-grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC) with PLR accompanied by rapid tumor progression after complete resection of the primary tumor. We reviewed the patient’s clinical history, histopathology, and the results of laboratory tests to rule out LR induced by non-tumor causes. In both cases, PLR appeared after primary tumor resection, and the patients died of disease at the peak of PLR at 6 and 8 weeks. Immunohistochemistry for granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and its receptor was performed on tumor tissues. Patients with HGUC and PLR are rare and have an extremely poor prognosis. The mechanism by which solid tumors are associated with PLR and rapid tumor progression after surgical resection of the primary tumor is incompletely understood and will be discussed here.