bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of chemical activating agents on physical properties of activated carbons – a commentary
Authors: Amran Fadina , Zaini Muhammad Abbas Ahmad
Published: October 2020

Well-developed surface areas and porous structures that render high adsorption capacity are necessary for pollutant removal from wastewater by activated carbons. Activated carbons from natural resources, and agricultural and industrial waste materials are produced using chemical agents, including KOH, H3PO4, K2CO3, ZnCl2 and NaOH. This study is intended to highlight the effects of those agents on the physical properties of the activated carbons. The operating conditions, i.e., temperature, time and ratio, show an interplay towards the physical properties at varying degree. The yield, pore size, mesoporosity and surface area of activated carbons derived using different chemical agents correlate well with the impregnation ratio. Generally, the pore size, mesoporosity and surface area increase, while the yield decreases with increasing ratio (over a given range). Higher ratio and temperature are recommended for KOH, K2CO3 and NaOH activation, to endow activated carbons with greater surface area.
Application of machine learning algorithms in MBR simulation under big data platform
Authors: Li Weiwei , Li Chunqing , Wang Tao
Published: October 2020

Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) are a sewage treatment process that combines membrane separation with bioreactor technology. It has great advantages in sewage treatment. Membrane fouling hinders MBR process development, however. Studies have shown that the degree of membrane fouling can be judged using the membrane flux rate. In this study, principal component analysis was used to extract the main factors affecting membrane fouling, then the random forest algorithm on the Hadoop big data platform was used to establish an MBR membrane flux prediction model, which was tested. In order to verify the model's effectiveness, BP neural network and SVM support vector machine models were established using the same experimental data. The experimental results from the different models were compared, and the results showed that the random forest algorithm gave the best MBR membrane flux predictions.
Construction and application research of ecological evaluation platform based on Cesium
Authors: Fu Yao , Luan Guize , Cai Jingzhi , Li Yuchen , Zhao Fei
Published: October 2020

In this study, Sentinel 2A and Landsat series remote sensing images were used to determine the weights of vegetation coverage, humidity, dryness and heat by using the principal component analysis method. The remote sensing ecological index evaluation model was used to evaluate the ecology of the Fuxian Lake area from 2013 to 2018. Environmental quality in the study area is monitored and analyzed. By developing a unified organization and management module of spatio-temporal data in the collaborative production of multi-source heterogeneous data, the mapping relationship between data and parameters is established. The 3D-web data integration decision platform is constructed. Based on the Cesium engine real-time rendering and interactive visualization network 3D platform, real-time calculation and visualization of the ecological evaluation of the Fuxian Lake area between 2013 and 2018 is realized. The ecological environment of the study area continued to deteriorate from 2013 to 2015, improved slightly in 2016, and improved significantly in 2017–2018. The platform has the functions of searching, selecting the base map, measuring on the map, and positioning the coordinates, which can achieve the real-time ecological analysis function and show the change process of the ecological environment and natural resources.
Formation of iodinated products in Fe (II)/peroxydisulfate (PDS) system
Authors: Dong Zijun , Li Mu , Chen Meifen , Gu Yurong , Jiang Chengchun , Sun Feiyun
Published: October 2020

The transformation of iodide (I−) and hypoiodous acid (IO−) by Fe (II)-activated peroxydisulfate (PDS) in the presence of natural organic matter (NOM) was investigated. In the water of a reservoir in Shenzhen, four kinds of organic matter were detected: iodoform > diiodo-bromomethane > dibromo-iodomethane > dichloromethane. As pH increased from 3 to 10, I− conversion rate decreased from 31.0% to 11.0%. There is basically no iodic acid () generated under alkaline conditions, probably due to these organic matters. When PDS concentration is low, PDS can oxidize part of I− to IO−, and the oxidation of I− into reaction and continued oxidation reaction exist at the same time, so some is generated in the system. As the proportion of Fe (II) increases, the generation rate of gradually increases. When Fe2+/PDS is 1:5, 2:5, and 3:5, the conversion rates of are 4.7%, 6.5%, and 8.4%, respectively. There are two main reasons for this: (i) the reaction of IO− produced in the system with humic acid (HA) inhibits the further conversion of IO− to ; (ii) both HA and I- in the system can react with PDS, resulting in a reduction in the oxidation rate of I−.
Planning for urban water supply–demand portfolio using a hybrid robust stochastic optimization approach
Authors: Shabani Maryam , Gharneh Naser Shams , Niaki Seyed Taghi Akhavan
Published: October 2020

Water management and preventing water shortage require accurate planning with attention to the importance of urban water. The problems ahead include the increase in demand and reduction in water supply resources due to factors that cause uncertainties and the high cost of water supply infrastructures. Most studies in urban water management consider only a single criterion. However, in this research, two objective functions, namely cost minimization and per capita water consumption maximization, were used simultaneously. A portfolio approach based on the balance of water supply and demand was developed taking uncertainty into account. Then, the problem was solved using a hybrid robust–stochastic optimization approach. The results showed the selected supply augmentation and demand management options in each stage under dry, normal, and wet year scenarios.
Electrochemical conversion pathways and existing morphology of arsenic(III) in anode-cathode separated electrolytic cells
Authors: Qin Yanyan , Cui Yanping , Zhou Zhengwei , Gao Ya , Lei Lidan , Shi Xiaoyan
Published: October 2020

To explore the electrochemical conversion of arsenic at different voltages and pH, an open separated electrolytic cell with a platinum anode and a graphite cathode was selected for this paper. The form and concentration of arsenic in the anodic cell and cathodic cell were detected. Experimental results proved that at 40.0 V, As(III) in an acid electrolyte in the cathodic cell was firstly mainly reduced to AsH3 with trace As(0) as intermediate. As the electrolysis time arrived at 27 min, pH in the cathodic cell jumped suddenly from acidity to alkalinity, accompanied by the majority of the remaining As(III) converting to As(V) for an instant. As time went on, As(III) and As(V) remained almost unchanged at the ratio of 1:3, and the reduction of As(III) became extremely weak in the alkaline environment. When pH in the cathodic tank was adjusted to keep it acid, As(III) was eventually converted to AsH3. Compared with high voltage, at a low voltage of 1.0 V the cathode failed to achieve the potential of As(III) reduction and As(III) was eventually oxidized to As(V) in the acid catholyte. Electrochemical oxidation of As(III) in the open cathodic cell was likely caused by in-situ generation of peroxide from electrochemical reduction of O2. Theoretical support for electrochemical oxidation of As(III) on a carbon cathode in neutral and weak alkaline media is provided in this study.
HYDRUS-2D simulations of nitrate nitrogen and potassium transport characteristics under fertilizer solution infiltration of furrow irrigation
Authors: Nie Wei-Bo , Nie Kun-Kun , Li Yi-Bo , Ma Xiao-Yi
Published: October 2020

Understanding the characteristics of soil solute transport is fundamental to the design and management of furrow irrigation systems. This study determined the soil hydraulic and solute transport parameters by inverse solution with HYDRUS-2D and then verified them. The experimental data were obtained from the infiltration of clay loam and sandy loam of different potassium nitrate (KNO3) concentrations under furrow irrigation. Then, the initial soil water content (θ0), KNO3 concentration, and water depth (h0) affecting the transport characteristics of nitrate nitrogen (NO3−-N) and potassium (K+) were analyzed. The results indicated that the soil hydraulic and solute transport parameters determined from the inversion solution with HYDRUS-2D were reliable. The soil saturated water content, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and empirical parameter n in the van Genuchten–Mualem model increase with the increase of KNO3 concentrations, whereas the empirical parameter a shows a decreasing tendency. The distribution range of NO3−-N increased with the increases of θ0 and the KNO3 concentration, which had barely any effect on the range of K+ distribution. The horizontal distribution range of NO3−-N and K+ increased with the increase of h0, but it had no obvious influence on the vertical range.
Information gain-based modular fuzzy neural network to forecast rainstorms
Authors: Huang Xiaoyan , He Li , Zhao Huasheng , Huan Ying , Wu Yushuang
Published: October 2020

This study considers large-scale heavy rainfall as a forecast object based on the European central numerical forecast model product and uses a nonlinear fuzzy neural network (FNN) intelligent calculation method to establish a short-term forecast model of rainstorms. The information gain method is introduced to the predictor processing of the forecast model. Then the characteristics of many rainstorm predictors are calculated and screened on the basis of feature weight, information is condensed, some non-correlated forecast information variables are extracted, and the network structure of the forecast model is optimized. The modeled samples are determined and reconstructed by setting thresholds, and the modular forecast models of heavy rainfall and weak rainfall are established. The actual forecast results of the 24 h experimental prediction of the independent samples of large-scale rainstorms in Guangxi in 2012–2016 showed that the information gain-based modular FNN rainstorm forecasting model has higher prediction accuracy and a more stable forecasting effect. The various types of scores of 24 h of rainstorm (≧50 mm) at 89 weather stations in Guangxi from 2012 to 2016 are: threat score (TS) is 0.368, ETS: equal threat score (E) is 0.141, hit rate (POD) is 0.296, empty report rate (FAR) is 0.559, forecast bias (B) is 0.671, and HSS skill score (H) is 0.247. Further comparison and analysis of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) numerical forecasting model forecast results indicated that the new model performed nonlinear intelligence calculated interpretation modeling on ECMWF numerical forecasting model products, and forecasting accuracy is improved to a certain extent compared with that of the original model. Forecasting techniques are positive and have good release effects, thereby improving the rain forecasting ability of ECMWF to a certain extent and providing a better reference value for business forecasters.
Investigation of plasticizer production industry wastewater treatability using pressure-driven membrane process
Authors: Ozay Yasin , Canli Oltan , Unal Bahar Ozbey , Keskinler Bulent , Dizge Nadir
Published: October 2020

In this study, the treatability of plasticizer production industry wastewater was investigated using nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. The effect of operating pressure, pH of the wastewater, and sequential treatment option on the permeate flux, COD, phthalate, and micropollutant removal efficiencies were examined. The steady-state permeate fluxes of NF270, NF90, and BW30 membranes were 47.1, 19.0, and 13.9 L/m2/h for 15 bar, respectively. Sequential filtration using NF90 and BW30 membranes to protect the RO membrane was also tested. The initial and steady-state permeate fluxes were 30.4 and 18.9 L/m2/h, respectively, for 15 bar. The effect of wastewater pH in the range 4.0–10.0 was also studied and maximum initial and steady-state permeate fluxes were obtained at pH = 10.0. The permeate quality of NF90 and NF90 + BW30 membranes operated at 15 bar was measured and they showed a high degree for phthalate removal from wastewater from 97.7% to 99.9%. Moreover, a high degree of micropollutants was also obtained from 88.4% to 99.9% for sequential filtration (NF90 + BW30). The COD reduction efficiencies were obtained at 15 bar as 23.3%, 81.5%, and 87.6% for individual NF270, NF90, and BW30 membranes, respectively. However, COD reduction efficiency was increased up to 90.8% when sequential filtration (NF90 + BW30) was applied.
The profile of contamination with alkylphenol ethoxylates of some Israeli watercourse rivers and their sediment layers
Authors: Houshan M. , Zoller U.
Published: October 2020

The ‘hard’ non-biodegradable alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEOs) nonionic surfactants are environmentally persistent and widely used worldwide. The aim of this work is to determine the total concentration and the homological distribution in rivers and there sediments, in central Israel. The concentrations of APEOs in the water of these rivers and in their sediments were found to be 11.83–55.32 μg/L, and 99.68–1,176.61 μg/kg, respectively. The APEOs' concentration level decreases as the sample is taken from a deeper layer of the sediment. A possible explanation for this is that in APEOs molecules, the hydrophilic fraction (CH2-CH2-O) increases the APEOs' absorption into sediment layers close to water, being saturated with water. In addition, the organic biofilm in the sediment layers used as schmutzdecke can reduce the concentration levels of APEOs that penetrates the deep layers of the sediment. The dominant homologues of APEOs in the river watercourse were those with 9–15 units of ethylene oxide (EO). Homologues with 1–12 units of ethylene oxide were found to be the dominant ones in the sediment layers of Hadera and Alexander rivers.
Evaluation of fouling and RO performance for MBR treated fruit wastewater
Authors: Jamal-Uddin A. T. , Zytner R. G.
Published: October 2020

Fruit processing facilities are looking for ways to reduce water consumption to counter the impact of climate change. A good alternative is an MBR system to treat the processing wastewater, followed by tertiary treatment using a reverse osmosis (RO) unit to enable water reuse. However, fouling of the RO membrane causes operational challenges. As a result, experiments were completed on treated fruit processing wastewater to identify the causes of fouling that originated from the MBR effluent and develop best management practices (BMPs) to minimize fouling of the RO membrane. Physical and chemical analyses along with visual inspection of the membrane surface using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy diffusive X-ray (EDX) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were completed. The issue of RO membrane fouling and subsequent flux decline was directly related to the presence of soluble microbial products, specifically dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the MBR effluent. The developed BMPs show that the previously completed enhanced coagulation-GAC sorption process, when combined with an online non-chemical flushing regimen and proper membrane preservation, keeps the flux readings high, resolving frequent fouling and cleaning problems of the RO membrane.
Irinotecan or Oxaliplatin: Which is the First Move for the Mate?
Authors: Morelli Cristina , Formica Vincenzo , Riondino Silvia , Russo Antonio , Ferroni Patrizia , Guadagni Fiorella , Roselli Mario
Published: October 2020

Objectives:

The aim of the present review is to discuss the potential link between
RAS, BRAF and microsatellite instability (MSI) mutational patterns and chemotherapeutic
agent efficacy [Irinotecan (IRI) vs. Oxaliplatin (OXA)], and how this can potentially influence
the choice of the chemotherapy backbone.

Methods:

Following a review of the research literature, all pertinent articles published in the
core journals were selected for the study. The inclusion criteria regarded relevant clinical and
pre-clinical studies on the topic of interest (Relationship of OXA and IRI to KRAS/BRAF
mutations and MSI).

Results:

Excision repair cross complementation group 1 (ERCC1) expression is inhibited by
KRAS mutation, making tumor cells more sensitive to OXA. Results from OPUS, COIN and
PRIME trials support that no conclusive data are available for BRAF mutant population because
of the small number of patients. Enhanced IRI cytotoxicity to MSI cell lines is due to
the participation of some of the mismatch repair (MMR) components in various DNA repair
processes and their role in the maintenance of the pro-apoptotic effect of IRI and G2/M cell
arrest.

Conclusions:

OXA and IRI are indispensable drugs for mCRC treatment and their selection
must be as careful as that of targeted agents. We suggest taking into consideration the interaction
between known genomic alterations and OXA and IRI activity to personalize chemotherapy
in mCRC patients.
Identifying Underlying Issues Related to the Inactive Excipients of Transfersomes based Drug Delivery System
Authors: Patel Drashti , Chatterjee Bappaditya
Published: October 2020

:

Transfersomes are bilayer vesicles composed of phospholipid and edge activators, which are mostly
surfactant. Transfersomes based drug delivery system has gained a lot of interest of the pharmaceutical researchers
for their ability to improve drug penetration and permeation through the skin. Transdermal drug delivery via
transfersomes has the potential to overcome the challenge of low systemic availability. However, this complex
vesicular system has different issues to consider for developing a successful transdermal delivery system. One
of the major ingredients, phospholipid, has versatile sources and variable effect on the vesicle size and drug entrapment
in transfersomes. The other one, termed as edge activators or surfactant, has some crucial consideration
of skin damage and toxicity depending upon its type and concentration. A complex interaction between
type and concentration of phospholipid and surfactant was observed, which affect the physicochemical properties
of transfersomes. This review focuses on the practical factors related to these two major ingredients, such
as phospholipid and surfactant. The origin, purity, desired concentration, the susceptibility of degradation, etc.
are the important factors for selecting phospholipid. Regarding surfactants, the major aspects are type and desired
concentration. A successful development of transfersomes based drug delivery system depends on the
proper considerations of these factors and practical aspects.
Potential Alternatives to Conventional Cancer Therapeutic Approaches: The Way Forward
Authors: Hoda Muddasarul
Published: October 2020

Conventional cancer therapeutic approaches broadly include chemotherapy, radiation therapy
and surgery. These established approaches have evolved over several decades of clinical experience.
For a complex disease like cancer, satisfactory treatment remains an enigma for the simple fact
that the causal factors for cancer are extremely diverse. In order to overcome existing therapeutic limitations,
consistent scientific endeavors have evolved several potential therapeutic approaches, majority
of which focuses essentially on targeted drug delivery, minimal concomitant ramification, and selective
high cytotoxicity. The current review focuses on highlighting some of these potential alternatives
that are currently in various stages of in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials. These include physical, chemical
and biological entities that are avidly being explored for therapeutic alternatives. Some of these entities
include suicide gene, micro RNA, modulatory peptides, ultrasonic waves, free radicals, nanoparticles,
phytochemicals, and gene knockout, and stem cells. Each of these techniques may be exploited
exclusively and in combination with conventional therapeutic approaches thereby enhancing the therapeutic
efficacy of the treatment. The review intends to briefly discuss the mechanism of action, pros,
and cons of potential alternatives to conventional therapeutic approaches.
Functional Evaluation of Anti-TNF-α Affibody Molecules in Biochemical Detection and Inhibition to Signalling Pathways of a Synovial Cell
Authors: Shibasaki Seiji , Karasaki Miki , Matsui Kiyoshi , Iwasaki Tsuyoshi
Published: October 2020

Background:

An affibody molecule obtained from a bioengineered staphylococcal protein
was previously shown to act as an affinity binder for a wide range of targets and develop Tumour Necrosis
Factor α (TNF-α)-binding clones.

Methods:

: In this study, we demonstrated that affibody molecules against TNF-α could bind to recombinant
TNF-α on the membrane for biochemical detection. In addition, we examined whether the
affibody molecules could block binding between recombinant TNF-α and its receptor on MH7A synovial
cells.

Results:

When a TNF-α-binding affibody was added, the production level of inflammatory mediators
IL-6 and MMP-3 in MH7A were found to decrease up to 44%. Additionally, proliferation of synovial
cells was also inhibited by the addition of TNF-α to cultivation media.

Conclusion:

These results suggest that affibody molecules against TNF-α could be candidate molecules
for the detection of TNF-α during biochemical analysis and pharmacotherapy for rheumatoid
arthritis.
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Help to Enhance Plant Growth and Alleviate Abiotic Stress: A Review
Authors: Faizan Mohammad , Yu Fangyuan , Chen Chen , Faraz Ahmad , Hayat Shamsul
Published: October 2020

Abiotic stresses arising from atmosphere change belie plant growth and yield, leading to
food reduction. The cultivation of a large number of crops in the contaminated environment is the
main concern of environmentalists at present. To achieve food safety, a highly developed nanotechnology
is a useful tool for promoting food production and assuring sustainability. Nanotechnology
helps in better production in agriculture by promoting the efficiency of inputs and reducing relevant
losses. This review examines the research performed in the past to show how zinc oxide nanoparticles
(ZnO-NPs) influence the negative effects of abiotic stresses. The application of ZnO-NPs
is one of the most effectual options for considerable enhancement of agricultural yield globally under
stressful conditions. ZnO-NPs can transform the agricultural and food industry with the help of
several innovative tools in reversing oxidative stress symptoms induced by abiotic stresses. In addition,
the effect of ZnO-NPs on physiological, biochemical, and antioxidative activities in various
plants has also been examined properly. This review summarizes the current understanding and the
future possibilities of plant-ZnO-NPs research.
C-Myc Signaling Pathway in Treatment and Prevention of Brain Tumors
Authors: Ashrafizadeh Milad , Zarabi Ali , Hushmandi Kiavash , Moghadam Ebrahim Rahmani , Hashemi Farid , Daneshi Salman , Hashemi Fardin , Tavakol Shima , Mohammadinejad Reza , Najafi Masoud , Dudha Namrata , Garg Manoj
Published: October 2020

Brain tumors are responsible for high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Several factors
such as the presence of blood-brain barrier (BBB), sensitive location in the brain, and unique
biological features challenge the treatment of brain tumors. The conventional drugs are no longer
effective in the treatment of brain tumors, and scientists are trying to find novel therapeutics for
brain tumors. In this way, identification of molecular pathways can facilitate finding an effective
treatment. c-Myc is an oncogene signaling pathway capable of regulation of biological processes
such as apoptotic cell death, proliferation, survival, differentiation, and so on. These pleiotropic effects
of c-Myc have resulted in much fascination with its role in different cancers, particularly
brain tumors. In the present review, we aim to demonstrate the upstream and down-stream mediators
of c-Myc in brain tumors such as glioma, glioblastoma, astrocytoma, and medulloblastoma.
The capacity of c-Myc as a prognostic factor in brain tumors will be investigated. Our goal is to
define an axis in which the c-Myc signaling pathway plays a crucial role and to provide direction
for therapeutic targeting in these signaling networks in brain tumors.
Microwave-assisted Synthesis of Novel Mannich Base and Conazole Derivatives Containing Biologically Active Pharmacological Groups
Authors: Cebeci Yıldız Uygun , Ceylan Sule , Demirbas Neslihan , Karaoğlu Şengül Alpay
Published: October 2020

Background:

The aim of this study was to synthesize new mannich bases and conazol derivatives with biological activity by the microwave-assisted method.

Introduction:

1,2,4-Triazole-3-one (3) acquired from tryptamine was transformed to the corresponding carbox(thio)amides (6a-c) via several steps. Compounds 6a-c were refluxed with sodium hydroxide to yield 1,2,4-triazole derivatives (7a-c). Compounds 3 and 7a-c on treatment with different heterocyclic secondary amines in an ambiance with formaldehyde afforded the mannich bases 8-15 having diverse pharmacophore units with biologically active sites. The reaction of compound 3 and 2-bromo-1-(4-chlorophenyl) ethanone in the presence of sodium ethoxide gave the corresponding product 2-substituted-1,2,4-triazole-3-one, 16, which was reduced to 1,2,4-triazoles (17). Synthesis of compounds 18, 19, and 20 was carried out starting from compounds 17 with 4-chlorobenzyl chloride (for 18), 2,4-dichlorobenzyl chloride (for 19), and 2,6-dichlorobenzyl chloride (for 20).

Methods:

he conventional technique was utilized for the synthesis of compounds, 3-7, and microwave- assisted technique for the compounds, 8-20. That is, green chemistry techniques were applied during these reactions. The structures of molecules were elucidated on the foundation of1H NMR,13C NMR, FT-IR, EI-MS methods, and elemental analysis. Novel synthesized molecules were investigated for their antimicrobial activity using MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) method.

Results:

Aminoalkylation of triazole derivatives 3 and 7a-c with fluoroquinolones such as ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin provided an enhancement to the bioactivity of mannich bases 8-11 against the tested microorganisms. The MIC values ranged between <0.24 and 3.9 μg/mL. Moreover, molecules 10 and 11 exhibited more effects on M. smegmatis than the other compounds by the MIC values of <1 μg/mL. They have shown very good antituberculosis activity.

Conclusion:

Most of the synthesized structures were observed to have excellent antimicrobial activity against most microorganisms taken into account. These molecules have better activity than the standard drug ampicillin and streptomycin.
Emerging Biomarkers and Contributing Factors of Prostate Cancer.
Authors: Dahiya Mini , Yadav Monu , Nagpal Kalpana , Sharma Nidhi , Joshi Kajal , Kadian Monika
Published: October 2020

:

Prostate Cancer (PC) is one the most prominent cause of deaths in males worldwide especially in western
countries. The exhaustive research into prostate cancer to date has demonstrated ELAC2, RNASEL, MSR1, NBS1,
CHEK2, MYC, BCL-2, c-Kit, tumor suppressor genes, BRCA1, BRCA2, PACE4, GSTP1, PTEN,CDKN1B, NKX3.1,
KLF6, FOXA1, Retinoblastoma, p53, androgen receptor, kallikreins, ETS, CYP17, SRD5A2, E-cadherin, KAI1/CD82,
hepsin, AMACR, PIM1, MTA-1, EZH2, EPHB2, growth factors & its receptors, cannabinoid receptors, annexins,
oxidative stress and inflammation are entailed changes underlying the initiation, development, and progression of PC.
Furthermore, oncology would shift from a reactive to proactive discipline so exploring these targets open new area of
research. Therefore, the present review is focused on molecular pathophysiology biomarkers for the progression of PC
that would encourage the researchers and pharmaceutical industries to investigate potential therapeutic strategy to
overcome demerits of currently available clinically therapies.
Combination Therapy of Cisplatin and other Agents for Osteosarcoma: A Review
Authors: Kasiram Mohamad Z. , Hapidin Hermizi , Abdullah Hasmah , Ahmad Azlina , Sulong Sarina
Published: October 2020

Background:

Osteosarcoma is the most common type of primary bone tumor in children and adolescents, which is associated with rapid progression and poor prognosis. Multimodal therapy is the most common approach utilized for osteosarcoma management, such as the application of chemotherapy in combination with surgery or radiation therapy. Cisplatin is one of the predominantly used chemotherapeutic agents for osteosarcoma. Optimally, it is employed in combination with other chemotherapeutic drugs along with surgery or radiation therapy. Despite the availability of numerous treatment approaches, the patient survival rate has not definitively improved over the past three decades.

Methods:

We have summarized all findings regarding the combination of cisplatin with other chemotherapeutic agents as well as with phytochemical compounds.

Results:

A combination of cisplatin with a phytochemical compound synergistically enhances the killing effect of cisplatin on osteosarcoma cells with fewer side effects compared to combination with other chemotherapeutic agents.

Conclusion:

Conclusively, a combination of cisplatin with selected chemotherapeutic drugs has been shown to be effective. However, the unchanged survival rate has posed an urge to search for a new combination regimen. As a collaborative effort to substantiate the therapeutic efficacy, the combination with phytochemical compounds shows a promising response both in vitro as well as in the preclinical study.
Stability Indicating Method for Known and Unknown Impurities Profiling for Vildagliptin in Vildagliptin Tablet
Authors: Mahajan Nitin , Deshmukh Suparna , Farooqui Mazhar
Published: October 2020

Background:

Vildagliptin is a drug for the treatment of diabetes. DPP-IV inhibitor represents
a new class of oral antihyperglycemic agents to treat patients with type 2 diabetes. Several
RP-HPLC methods have been reported to determine Vildagliptin alone. However, it has been noted
that there are no available stability-indicating methods in pharmacopeias (USP/BP/EP/JP) nor in
the available literature to quantify known and unknown impurity patterns for vildagliptin in
vildagliptin tablets.

Objective:

The aim of this study is to develop a new single, sensitive, robust and specific gradient
RP-HPLC method to quantify known and unknown impurities and degradants of Vildagliptin in
Vildagliptin tablets.

Methods:

Chromatographic separation has been accomplished on the Hypersil ODS column (250 x
4.6) mm, 5 μm with a mobile phase consisting of a mixture of Perchloric acid Buffer, methanol,
acetonitrile and Triethylamine delivered at a flow rate of 1.0 mL minute-1 and the detection wavelength
210 nm. The developed method was validated as per ICH guidelines.

Results:

Vildagliptin was found degraded significantly under oxidative and alkaline stress conditions.
The degradation products were well resolved from Vildagliptin and its impurities. An analytical
method was found linear, accurate and precise from LOQ (Limit of Quantification) level to
150% of impurity specification limit (0.5%).

Conclusion:

The method found sensitive, rapid and accurate quantification of known, unknown impurities
and degradants. The peak purity results confirmed that the Vildagliptin peak was homogeneous
and pure in all stress samples, thus proving the stability-indicating nature of the method.
Pharmacologic Evidence of Green Tea in Targeting Tyrosine Kinases
Authors: Li Joyce T.S. , Hon Kam L. , Leung Alexander K.C. , Lee Vivian W.Y.
Published: October 2020

Background:

Green tea has been extensively studied for its potential health benefits against
diseases, such as cancers, cognitive degenerative diseases, and cardiovascular diseases.

Methods:

The authors undertook a structured search of peer-reviewed research articles from three databases
including PubMed, Embase, and Ovid MEDLINE. Recent and up-to-date studies relevant to
the topic were included.

Results:

Green tea extract exerts its functions by interacting with multiple signalling pathways in human
cells. Protein tyrosine kinase is one of the examples. Abnormal activation of tyrosine kinase is
observed in some tumour cells. Green tea extract inhibits phosphorylation, reduces expression, or attenuates
downstream signalling of epidermal growth factor receptor, insulin-like growth factor receptor,
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, and non-receptor tyrosine kinase. Combination of
green tea extract with tyrosine kinase inhibitors may provide synergistic effects by overcoming acquired
resistance.

Conclusion:

Green tea extract can affect multiple receptor targets. In the current review, we discuss
the pharmacological mechanisms of green tea on tyrosine kinases and their implications on common
diseases.
Erythema Pernio-Like in Four Adolescents in the Era of the Coronavirus-2 Infection
Authors: Promenzio Luigi , Arcangeli Fabio , Cortis Elisabetta , Sama Elisa , Longhini Federico
Published: October 2020

Background:

Although epidemic, novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection rarely affects pediatric
population. However, in the last months an increasing number of Italian pediatricians has reported the occurrence of
erythema pernio-like in children following a flu-like syndrome, after the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Objective:

To report cutaneous manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 infection in 4 adolescents.

Methods:

Observational study reporting 4 adolescents with skin lesions, 2 weeks after the occurrence of a flu-like
syndrome.

Results:

Fourteen days after a flu-like syndrome, adolescents exhibited skin lesions to toes and
feet. These lesions were rounded, with blurred limits, with a 5-15 mm diameter, red-violaceous-
bluish colored, sometimes resulting in bullous lesions in correspondence of the central or apical
portion, which tended to be covered with blackish crusts after evolution. Lesions were also accompanied
by pain of variable intensity and evolved within two or three weeks to self-resolution
without particular sequelae. In two patients, pharyngeal and nasal swabs were negative for SARSCoV-
2 infection, at the presentation of skin lesions. After 2 months from clinical manifestations,
patients were tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.

Conclusions:

In pediatric and adolescent population, the occurrence of an erythema pernio-like after a flu-like syndrome
could be associated to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
BCG Vaccine, A Ray of Hope in Treating Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
Authors: Banerjee Amit Bandyopadhyay , Singh Thakur Gurjeet , Prashar Abhimanyu
Published: October 2020

In December 2019 in China, the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome - Corona Virus - 2
(SARS-CoV-2) (also 2019 nCoV) was first discovered. Later, WHO declared that SARS-CoV-2
was responsible for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The round, elliptical or pleomorphic
shape of the 2019-nCoV is 60–140 nm in diameter. It comprises a single stranded genome of RNA
that comprises 29891 nucleotides, a lipid shell and spike protein, envelops membrane, and hemagglutinin-
esterase (HE) proteins. Several therapeutic approaches have been proposed to combat this
disease as this disease became global pandemic. Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine could
be another approach and at present, it is the only TB prevention vaccine approved. Both TB and
COVID-19 cause severe pneumonia. In this review, we have tried to correlate the pathophysiology
of both these disease condition. In this review, we also have shown the history and current BCG
practice throughout the world and it is hypothesized that the countries which strictly maintained
and made mandatory call to recommend BCG vaccination are relatively less affected by
COVID-19 pandemic. When BCG is exposed to a subsequent viral infection, it is allowed to lead
to cross-reactive T cell responses, which result in increased activity of Cluster of differentiation
(CD) 4 + and Cluster of differentiation (CD) 8 + T cells and this may be a ray of hope in treating
the SARS infection.
The Anti-Diabetic Effect of Some Plant Extracts Against Streptozotocin - Induced Diabetes Type 2 in Male Albino Rats
Authors: Gomaa Heba F. , Abdelmalek Imen Ben , Abdel-Wahhab Khaled G.
Published: October 2020

Background:

One of the widely spread disorders is Diabetes mellitus, especially type 2
(T2DM). T2DM is attributed to the change in life style and stress. A possible strategy to block dietary
carbohydrate absorption is regulation of postprandial blood glucose level as well, the use of
some natural plant extracts with inhibitory effect against carbohydrate digestive enzymes such as alpha-
amylase and fewer side effects than synthetic drugs. This study was conducted to investigate
the anti-diabetic effect of Cinnamon and Saussurea extract, individually, on blood glucose, lipid
profile, insulin, interleukin1-beta and weight loss in diabetic rats treated with Streptozotocin
(STZ).

Methods:

The experiment was performed on 60 Wistar male rats; the experimental study include 6
groups (10 rats each): (I) normal rats, (II) Streptozotocin- induced diabetic rats, (III) normal rats
orally received (200 mg/kg/day) Saussurea ethanolic extract (SEE) for consecutive 4 weeks, (IV)
normal rats orally received (100mg/kg/day) Cinnamon aqueous extract (CAE) for consecutive 4
weeks, (V) Streptozotocin –treated rats received SEE orally (200mg /kg/ day) for consecutive 4
weeks, and (VI) Streptozotocin –treated rats received CAE orally (100mg /kg/ day) for consecutive
4 weeks.

Results:

The results of the following study revealed that SEE has more anti-diabetic effect against
Streptozotocin treatment than CAE due to the high α-amylase inhibition potential and higher phenolic
content. Also, GC-MS analysis of SEE exhibited higher concentrations of phenolic compounds
such as: dehydrocostus lactone, azuleno, eicosa-pentaenoic acid and linoelaidic acid that revealed
anti-diabetic, anti-lipidemic and anti-inflammatory activities, while CAE showed the presence of
cinnamic and quinic acids. Injection of STZ resulted in a decline in the insulin, high density lipoprotein
and body weight values matched with the increase in glucose, total cholesterol, LDL-Cholesterol,
triglycerides and interleukin1- β (IL-1β). The administration of extracts of SEE and
CAE into STZ-treated rats separately resulted in a decline in the elevated levels of blood glucose,
total cholesterol, triglycerides and improving serum HDL-Cholesterol and body weight.

Conclusion:

Both tested herbal extracts performed anti-diabetic effect that mainly could be mechanized
via the α-amylase- inhibitory potentials due to the high phenolic and flavonoids content.
Disagreement: a speech act analysis and classroom implications
Authors: Song Panha
Published: October 2020

Disagreement has been widely regarded as one of the most interesting speech acts in EFL context since the way the speaker expresses her or his opposing view can affect the addressee’s self-image and view of the addressor. This article attempted to identify various strategies native speakers of English realized this speech act through a qualitative method by analyzing two sets of authentic data from two half-hour interviews. Next, it investigated the lack of emphasis on disagreement in EFL materials before offering possible suggestions to equip non-native learners of English with pragmatic competence to disagree effectively. The findings and recommendations had implications for EFL teachers, course designers, and materials developers in how and why speech acts and pragmatic competence should be emphasized in order to ensure that nonnative speakers of English could communicate effectively without being perceived as pragmatically inferior.
The Importance and Use of Spirituality in Family Counseling
Authors: AKGÜL GÖK Fulya
Published: October 2020

The importance of spirituality and the use of spirituality in family counseling is discussed in this study. Spirituality is a field that exists in every individual. Elements such as culture, individual's temperament, society and family values, beliefs, life style affect the spiritual field of the individual. Spirituality is a protective factor and a coping tool that increases the individual's optimism, hope, and endurance. Spirituality, often paired with religion, is a broader and more comprehensive concept that includes religion. Recognizing and discovering the spiritual field also enables the individual to become aware of his own self and life. Considering that spirituality affects the social and family relationships of the individual, it is very important to use spirituality in the family counseling process. In the counseling process, it is considered as a factor that strengthens the counseling process to help raise awareness of the family members about the spiritual field and to evaluate the reflection of the spiritual field on the family relations.
Hubungan Kualitas Pelayanan Keperawatan Dengan Kepuasan Pasien Pengguna BPJS di RSUD Panembahan Senopati Bantul
Authors: Rimba Putri Imram Radne
Published: October 2020

BPJS merupakan lembaga yang dibentuk untuk menyelenggarakan program jaminan sosial di Indonesia. Sebagai suatu sistem yang besar dan baru berlangsung dalam tempo yang relatif singkat banyak ditemukan keluhan pasien tentang sistem dan pelayanan kesehatan yang diterapkan oleh BPJS Kesehatan, salah satu contohnya terkait sistem rujukan berjengjangnya. Hal tersebut dapat saja berpengaruh kepada kepuasan pasien. Kondisi yang demikian membuat rumah sakit harus selalu menjaga kualitas pelayanannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kualitas pelayanan keperawatan dengan kepuasan pasien yang menggunakan BPJS di RSUD Panembahan Senopati Bantul. Metode penelitian ini deskriptif kuantitatif dengan rancangan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah pasien yang berada di ruang ranap kelas III di RSUD Panembahan Senopati Bantul. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah pasien BPJS berjumlah 90. Analisa data pada penelitian ini untuk uji korelasi menggunakan uji statistik Kendal tau. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian maka diperoleh data terdapat hubungan yang lemah antara kualitas pelayanan keperawatan dengan kepuasan pasien BPJS diruang ranap kelas III di RSUD Panembahan Senopati Bantul dengan nilai 0,001 dan r= 0,337. Kesimpulannya terdapat hubungan yang lemah antara kualitas pelayanan keperawatan dengan kepuasan pasien BPJS. Kata Kunci: Kualitas pelayanan, Kepuasan pasien, Pasien BPJS
Cost Benefit Analysis Management of Jerry Can Hemodialysis Used Packaging of Hazardous and Toxic Substances In The Islamic Hospital Surabaya
Authors: Hanifah Putri Alfiani Nur
Published: October 2020

Pengelolaan jirigen hemodialisa di Rumah Sakit Islam Surabaya secara pengangkutan dan pemusnahan terjadi kenaikan nilai kontrak sebesar 50% dan tidak efisien untuk dilanjutkan. Dengan adanya penawaran untuk pengelolaan jirigen hemodialisa secara Reduce, Reuse, Recycle (3R) maka penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganlisis biaya dan manfaat (cost benefit analysis) pada pengelolaan jirigen hemodialisa pengangkutan dan pemusnahan dan pengelolaan jirigen hemodialisa secara Reduce, Reuse, Recycle (3R). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode cost benefit analysis yang merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dan bersifat observasional. Dari hasil perhitungan masing – masing pengelolaan jirigen hemodialisa didapatkan hasil Present Value (PV) cost untuk pengelolaan jirigen hemodialisa pengangkutan dan pemusnahan sebesar Rp. 268.326.525 sedangkan PV cost pengelolaan jirigen hemodialisa reuse, reduce, recycle sebesar Rp. 32.159.233. Untuk PV benefit pengangkutan dan pemusnahan adalah Rp. 0 dan PV benefit 3R adalah 97.015.367. Ratio B/C pengelolaan jirigen hemodialisa pengangkutan dan pemusnahan adalah 0 dan Ratio B/C secara 3R adalah 3,02. Berdasarkan nett present value diperoleh pengangkutan dan pemusnahan sebesar Rp. (-) 268.326.525 sedangkan 3R sebesar Rp. (+) 64.856.134. Sehingga pengelolaan jirigen hemodialisa secara reduce, reuse, recycle yang lebih menguntungkan daripada pengelolaan jirigen hemodialisa secara pengangkutan dan pemusnahan. Dengan alasan pengelolaan jirigen hemodialisa secara reduce, reuse, recycle dapat menurunkan biaya pengeluaran rumah sakit serta menciptakan budaya ramah lingkungan.

Kata Kunci : Pengelolaan, Jirigen Hemodialisa, Cost Benefit Analysis
Analisis Pencegahan Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) Pada Dokter Muda di Rumah Sakit Putri Hijau Medan Sumatera Utara
Authors: Jaka Sarwadhamana Raden , Mu’amanah Arifah
Published: October 2020

Rumah sakit sangat rentan untuk terjadinya Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) atau yang dikenal sebagai infeksi nosokomial, merupakan  infeksi yang didapat sebagai kosekuensi dari pengasuhan tenaga kerja medis dalam menjalankan tugasnya. Pengendalian penyebaran infeksi HAIs perlu dilakukan oleh rumah sakit dengan memperhatikan angka kejadian HAIs karena menjadi tolak ukur mutu pelayanan Rumah Sakit. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui analisis upaya pencegahan Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) di Rumah Sakit Putri Hijau Medan Sumatera Utara. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan rancangan survey observasional. Populasi dalam penelitiana ini adalah seluruh dokter muda yang melakukan Coas di Rumah Sakit Putri Hijau Medan Sumatera Utara sebanyak 224 responden. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 164 yang di ambil dengan teknik simple random sampling yaitu mengambil sampel secara acak sederhana. Data yang telah dikumpulkan kemudian dianalisis menggunakan analisis univariat. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa responden sebagian besar melakukan upaya pencegahan Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) yaitu sebanyak 90 responden (54,9%) sedangkan yang tidak melakukan upaya pencegahan infeksi sebanyak 74 responden (45,1%). Kesimpulan sebagian besar responden di Rumah Sakit Putri Hijau Medan Sumatera Utara patuh dalam melakukan upaya pencegahan Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs).

 

Kata Kunci: Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs)
Lama Kerja Berhubungan dengan Kepatuhan Perawat dalam Pelaksanaan SOP Triage di IGD
Authors: Mahfud Mahfud
Published: October 2020

Kepatuhan terhadap Standar Operasional Prosedur (SOP) merupakan komponen penting dalam manajemen keselamatan pasien. Dalam Triage diperlukan petugas yang berpengalaman dan kompeten karena dilakukan dengan cepat dan akurat. Jenis penelitian ini deskriptif korelasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional . sampel menggunakan teknik total sampling, instrumen yang digunakan lembar observasi menggunakan metode konstruktif. Mengetahui hubungan lama kerja dengan kepatuhan perawat dalam melaksanakan SOP triage di IGD. Analisa menggunakan uji alternatif yaitu uji fisher exact menunjukkan perawat yang bekerja lama patuh 57,1% dan yang baru 19% tidak patuh dan uji fisher exact menunjukan p=0,120. Tidak ada hubungan antara lama kerja dengan kepatuhan perawat dalam pelaksanaan SOP triage.

 

Kata Kunci: Lama Kerja, Kepatuhan Perawat, SOP Triage