bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KNISLEY UNTUK KOMUNIKASI MATEMATIKA
Authors: Sunanti Titis , Sagita Laela , Saputra Ikana Dwi Rahmat
Published: December 2017

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah meningkatkan kemampuan komunikasi matematika siswa SMP N 3 Wates dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran Knisley. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMP N 3 Wates, Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam dua siklus. Subyek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VII A SMP N 3 Wates yang berjumlah 34 siswa. Obyek penelitian ini adalah kemampuan komunikasi matematika dengan model Knisley. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara, angket respon siswa, tes dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis data deskriptif dan analisis data kuantitatifPenelitian dalam upaya meningkatkan kemampuan komunikasi matematika siswa kelas VII A SMP N 3 Wates dilakukan dengan menerapkan pembelajaran sesuai dengan langkah-langkah pembelajaran knisley yaitu: Kongkrit-Reflektif (guru bertindak sebagai pencerita), Kongkrit-Aktif (guru bertindak sebagai pembimbing dan motivator), Abstrak–Reflektif (guru bertindak sebagai narasumber), Abstrak–Aktif (guru bertindak sebagai pelatih). Berdasarkan hasil analisis data diperoleh diketahui kemampuan komunikasi matematika siswa pra tindakan masih dalam kategiri kurang kemudian meningkat pada kategori  baik  pada siklus I dan semakin meningkat dan masuk dalam kategori sangat baik  pada siklus II. Kegiatan pelaksanaan model pembelajaran Knisley pada siklus I sudah terlaksana dengan baik dan meningkat menjadi sangat baik pada siklus II. Respon siswa terhadap pelaksanaan model pembelajaran Knisley ini baik. Kata kunci: model Knisley, kemampuan komunikasi matematika
ANALISIS SIFAT OPTIS LAPISAN TIPIS TiO2:N UNTUK FOTODEGRADASI DIRECT BLUE 71
Authors: Indriyani Yunita , Sutanto Heri , Nurhasanah Iis
Published: December 2017

Lapisan tipis TiO2:N telah dideposisikan di atas substrat kaca menggunakan  metode sol-gel spray coating. TiO2 telah banyak diaplikasikan sebagai fotokatalis untuk fotodegradasi polutan organik. Celah energi TiO2 (~3,2 eV) membatasi aktivitas fotodegradasinya hanya pada rentang panjang gelombang UV.  Cahaya matahari yang tersedia melimpah, sebagian besar  berupa cahaya tampak dan sebagian kecil cahaya UV. Penggunaan cahaya matahari untuk fotodegradasi memerlukan fotokatalis dengan celah energi < 3.0 eV. Pada penelitian ini, nitrogen digunakan sebagai dopan untuk memperkecil celah energi TiO2, sehingga TiO2 dapat bekerja aktif untuk fotodegradasi menggunakan sinar matahari. Titanium (IV) isopropoxide digunakan sebagai sumber Ti dan urea sebagai sumber nitrogen pada larutan prekursor TiO2:N. TiO2:N dideposisikan di atas hotplate pada temperatur 450°C. Sifat optis, struktur kristal dan morfologi permukaan TiO2:N berturut-turut diuji menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis, XRD, dan SEM.  Keberadaan nitrogen dalam TiO2:N dianalisis menggunakan EDX. Kemampuan fotokatalitik TiO2:N diuji untuk fotodegradasi pewarna DB 71 dengan konsentrasi 10 ppm  di bawah radiasi sinar matahari dan lampu UV C selama 3 jam. Spektrum absorbansi yang tinggi teramati pada rentang panjang gelombang 284 – 354 nm yang menunjukkan TiO2:N menyerap cahaya UV lebih baik daripada menyerap cahaya tampak. Celah energi TiO2:N yaitu 2,84 eV bersesuaian dengan celah energi TiO2 struktur rutile dan jenis doping N interstisial. Hal itu diperkuat dengan pola XRD yang menunjukkan puncak-puncak dominan bidang TiO2 rutile (200), (210), (221), (321) dan satu puncak brookite (032). Fotodegradasi DB 71 menggunakan TiO2:N lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan TiO2 murni.
STUDI PENENTUAN INDEKS BIAS CAIRAN PADA SUHU SECARA KONTINU BERBASIS DIFRAKSI CAHAYA BERBANTUAN SOFTWARE LOGGER PRO
Authors: Supriyana Supriyana , Toifur Muh.
Published: December 2017

Indeks bias zat cair ditentukan oleh kerapatan molekul-molekulnya, kerapatan zat cair dipengaruhi oleh suhu, maka suhu berpengaruh terhadap indeks bias zat cair. Dalam penelitian ini Teknik yang digunakan dalam percobaan indeks bias ini menggunakan kisi difraksi dengan sumber cahaya laser yang dilewatkan medium udara dan air dan sinar bias ditangkap menggunakan layar. Indeks bias zat cair ditentukan menggunakan hukum Snellius. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah: (1) membuat rancang bangun eksperimen penentuan indeks bias air pada berbagai suhu, (2) mengetahui pengaruh suhu zat cair terhadap indeks bias zat cair, (3) menghasilkan modul praktikum yang layak sebagai panduan praktikum. Dalam penelitian ini peneliti menggunakan zat cair sebagai sampel percobaan yaitu minuman kemasan merk Aqua. Cahaya dipancarkan oleh sumber cahaya laser warna hijau yang mempunyai panjang gelombang 532 nm, cahaya ditembakkan pada medium yang diteliti indeks biasnya, medium ini ditempatkan dalam kotak bejana kaca, kemudian cahaya akan mengalami deviasi, jarak deviasi dapat dilihat melalui layar yang dipasang pada jarak tertentu dari kisi. Pengambilaan data dilakukan dengan merekam pergeseran pola difraksi pada layar karena perubahan suhu air aqua menggunakan perekam video, kemudian  mengukur jarak deviasi terang orde ke satu pada layar baik disebelah kiri maupun sebelah kanan titik terang pusat. Pengukuran dimulai pada suhu air 74o CTiap perubahan suhu air  5o C  diukur posisi titik terang orde ke satu dengan menggunakan tracker software Logger Pro. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan teknik  simpangan baku rata-rata, kesalahan relatif serta ketelitian atau akurasi. Hasil fiting data diperoleh persamaan , dan R2sebesar 0,985 dari fiting data indeks bias , kurva hubungan indeks bias dengan suhu memperlihatkan bahwa nilai indeks bias berkurang secara linier terhadap kenaikan suhu . Nilai gradien (m) adalah – 0,001 yang berarti indeks bias berkurang sebesar 0,001 tiap kenaikan 1o C, sedangkan indeks determinasi (R2) nilainya 0,985, hal ini menunjukkan bahwa perubahan indeks bias dipengaruhi oleh perubahan suhu dimana hubungan antara kedua variabel sangat erat ditandai dengan nilai R2 mendekati satu. Dari analisa data dengan perhitungan dan secara grafis menunjukkan bahwa dengan adanya kenaikan suhu air menunjukkan indeks biasnya semakin kecil.
Infection by Staphylococcus aureus in healthy carrier children residing in Pachuca, Hidalgo State, Mexico
Authors: Becerril-Flores Marco Antonio , Gómez Durán César Arturo , Hernández Ibarra José Anselmo , Varela-Prado Erika Janet , Cruz Castañeda Areli , Salas Casas Andrés , Núñez-Martínez Juan Pablo
Published: December 2017

Infections by Staphylococcus aureus are a great worldwide public health problem due to easiness of transmission, via inhalation or direct contact in hospitals. Among infected individuals there are asymptomatic carriers that cause propagation and transmission of these infections within the hospital population. In Mexico, studies about prevalence of infections in healthy carriers by this bacterium are scarce. We investigated the prevalence of pharyngeal infections by S. aureus in asymptomatic children (3 to 8 years old) resident in Pachuca, Hidalgo. There were previous old clinic inspections as part of the study wherein 138 healthy children were studied. Samples of exudates from children were obtained and seeded in selective and differential media and they were morphologically identified as S. aureus by Gram staining. Antibiotics resistance was determined for each sample of bacteria. Prevalence of S. aureus infection was 20.29%, 12.69% in girls, and 26.66% in boys. Pre-school children showed a higher rate of infection than those in elementary school but there was not a significant difference between them (Χ2=0.92, p>0.05). More than 40% of S. aureus strains were ß-hemolytic, and half of the bacteria isolated from children in preschool is resistant to any of the antibiotics studied and resistant to at least one of the antibiotics assayed. The greatest resistance was to ciprofloxacin and erythromycin. Finding children infected with S. aureus as healthy carriers may be, in fact an epidemiologic risk for the entire population. Furthermore, since there are resistant strains of this microorganism, physicians must be very sensible of resistant patterns when selecting antibiotics.
Risk factors associated with neonatal sepsis of nosocomial origin in patients at a Mexican Hospital
Authors: Romo-Hernández Georgina , Escamilla-Acosta Marco A. , Pérez-García Agustín , Espinosa-Oropeza Irma A.
Published: December 2017

Nosocomial neonatal sepsis (NNS) is one of the principal causes of childhood morbidity and mortality and has a large impact on public health. Therefore, our objective was to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with NNS in patients at Hospital del Niño DIF Hidalgo (Children’s Hospital, Hidalgo DIF). A retrospective case-control study was carried out by reviewing the medical records of 29 cases and 62 controls. The relative risk and odds ratio were calculated, and the Chi-squared test was used. The prevalence of NNS was found to be 13.6%. The statistically significant risk factors for NNS in premature infants were the male gender, the use of histamine H2 receptor blockers, a birth weight <1500 g, and an Apgar score <6. In full-term patients, the risk factors were respiratory insufficiency and anemia. The common risk factors in both groups were ventilatory assistance, presence of a central line, total parenteral nutrition, >7 days of antibiotic use, and presence of a bladder catheter. We found that the prevalence and risk factors in this study are similar to those reported in medical literature.
Animal models to evaluate analgesic effects using isobolographic analysis
Authors: Romero Molina María Asunción
Published: December 2017

In the daily clinical practice, combined pharmacotherapy is often used when a single drug (monotherapy) treatment is not enough to relief moderate-severe pain in patients. The use of experimental animal models offers us great tools for the translation of data from animals to human. However, the accurate design of the preclinical study is a requisite to obtain valid outcomes. Using the isobolographic analysis we can easily establish differences between synergistic or additive responses expected from drug combinations, improving the management and treatment of pain.
Bioindicators and Biomarkers
Authors: Hernández-Ceruelos Alejandra , Vázquez-Alvarado Patricia , Pelallo-Martínez Nadia , Muñoz-Juárez Sergio
Published: December 2017

The health of an ecosystem can be examined through the use of bioindicators (BI), while the health of a human being can be determined using some molecules such as biomarkers (BM). BI are complete organisms or part of them that can be measured to detect changes in the environment, the presence of pollution and its effect on the ecosystem, as well as the observation of the progress of environmental clean-up. On the other hand, specific kinds of BI are the BM, which are biomolecules, secondary metabolites or measurable parameters used in medical research and practice to provide an insight into the mechanics and course of a disease. In general BM are classified into three groups: exposure, effects or susceptibility, and their role depends on the sensitivity, specificity, reliability and reproducibility of the methods used in the determination of the target molecule selected to be an specific BM, and it has to be validated under the development of guidelines, supported with good laboratory practice, epidemiological studies and clinical trials. BM can be used to detect subclinical stages, to become a diagnostic tool, to observe the efficacy of the treatment or monitoring the different stages on the development of the pathology.
Prevalence and Association between Depression and Familiar Dysfunction
Authors: López-Carbajal Mario Joaquín , Escamilla-Nava Aurora , Ramírez-Jiménez Evelia
Published: December 2017

Family dysfunction originates psychosocial problems and a high demand of health services. Depression, a multi-factor disease, has individual and social aspects that depend each other, forming a vicious circle. It may be possible to find an association between family dysfunction and depression. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and the degree of association between depression and family dysfunction, in patients attending to the outpatients’ clinic of Family Medicine at Pachuca, Hidalgo. A cross-sectional and comparative study was completed, from October 2007 to January 2008, with patients attending the outpatients’ clinic of Family Medicine in Pachuca, Hidalgo, whom agreed to answer the tests: Zung, FASES, Family APGAR and Holmes. The statistical parameters, prevalence and Odds Ratio were obtained. X2 test was applied with a confidence interval of 95%, a p<0.05 value was considered significant. One hundred fifty-five women and 100 men were included, with a mean age 34.4 ± 12.9 years. Zung test for depression showed a prevalence of 34.9%, wherein 83.1% corresponded to slight depression, 14.7% to moderate depression and 2.2% to severe depression. FASES showed 53.3% of families in the medium range. Whereas Family APGAR demonstrated a 54.1% of functional families and the test of Holmes reported 47.1% without problems and 24.7% with moderate crisis. There were no significant differences in age, occupation and gender, neither association between depression and familiar dysfunction. It is concluded that 34.9% showed some degree of depression, which varied from dysthymia to severe depression. It is suggested to carry out screening programs and to provide an early treatment.
Central giant cell granuloma in maxilla of a pediatric patient
Authors: Varela-Ibáñez Eduardo , Acosta-Cruz Diana E. , Recendez-Santillán Norith
Published: December 2017

Central Giant Cell Granuloma or CGCG is a benign bone injury of the maxillas of origin non-odontegenic. It has epidemiology, histology, clinical and radiological characteristics well defined, and spit it shares similarities with other pathologies, its difference requires an intensive clinical and lab analysis. Due to its locally destructive nature and its high recurrence, its treatment is complex. For this reason, it is necessary surgical procedures which are able to provoke important aesthetic and functional effects. In this article apart from collecting information about CGCG, it has presented the case of a 11-year old child who presents such injury in the upper maxilla giving his pathologic descriptions and the description of the studies in his treatment.
Epidemiology of burns in patients of a Pediatric Hospital
Authors: Bautista Rivas Martha M. , Córdova-Rivera Nancy L. , Gómez-Ibarra Jesús , Moctezuma-Lugo Lizbeth
Published: December 2017

Burns in the pediatric age is a public health problem, apart from the risk of dying, they can let functional and aesthetic sequels, which cause psychological, social, family and work problems throughout life. Using secondary sources (medical records), we performed a descriptive, quantitative, and observational studies, in order to determine the frequency of burns in children treated at the Hospital del Niño DIF Pachuca Hidalgo. We retrospectively studied 171 medical records covering a period from January 2005 to December 2010, in which it was found that males had the highest incidence of this trauma, in terms of age, children aged younger have the highest risk of a burn, getting more frequent in the age of 0-4 years. Regarding the degree of burn, the most common was of 2nd degree, caused by chemical and thermal reasons mainly. It was found that only one patient died and 6 were transferred to tertiary hospitals. Dicloxacillin and ketorolac were the most commonly used in most cases. We observed that children who come to our hospital suffering from burns, these vary in length, depth and in the cause which creates them. Also, a good percentage of children treated presented squeals. This could have cosmetic, psychological and functional consequences in children, so patients must be treated from a multidisciplinary perspective.
Analgesic combinations as a strategy for pain relief and isobolographic analysis
Authors: Chávez-Piña Aracely Evangelina , Arroyo-Lira Arlette Guadalupe
Published: December 2017

Pain is a multidimensional sensory experience that is intrinsically unpleasant and associated with hurting and soreness, it is essentially a sensation. Pain has strong, cognitive and emotional components, it is linked to, or described in terms of suffering. Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) and opioid analgesics are two of the most common types of drugs used for pain management. However, the use of these analgesics is limited by the presence of significant adverse effects. A useful practice is a combination of two agents with the same therapeutic effect wherein each agent is administered to obtain additive, synergistic or subadditive interaction in a fixed ratio. If the combination resulted in addition or synergism, the doses employed by each agent are reduced, then the side effects are absent; this kind of study is named isobolographic analysis. In this review, the authors summarized previous reports of the combination of NSAIDs with opioids and natural products as an alternative in the pain management.
Community Participation in attention to health; a little known right and non-exerted obligation
Authors: Contreras Beatriz Consuelo Mayorga , Sánchez Reina Cristina Jiménez , Alvarado Patricia Vázquez , Juárez Sergio Muñoz , Ledezma Jesús Carlos Ruvalcaba , Vázquez Josefina Reynoso
Published: December 2017

Community participation is one of the main axes of health services where the community takes responsibility for its own health. The World Health Organization considers as a cornerstone of the health promotion and disease preventive actions. The population should be involved in activities aimed at improving their health needs, previously identified by them because if their point of view is not taken into account, efforts generated by the health sector to improve their health conditions would result unsuccessful. Participation is an empowerment tool that allows the community a more active role in decision taking to enforce their rights. Achieving more effective prevention of diseases is one of the objectives of participation. No matter the adjective used (social, community..) participation implies to involve and empower citizens because it is essential to identify and approach main health determinants; it is required that a legal support that endorses participation exists; therefore, the General Health Law emphasizes the right of the population to participate in disease prevention. Some groups of community participation in México are Health Committee and Mutual Aid Group (Spanish: Grupo de Ayuda Mutua). Despite it is in all discourses, participation has not been concentrated in social action yet.
Mental Health as an Action Field for Public Health
Authors: Suberbiel Ramírez Karla Valeria , Valencia Ortiz Andrómeda Ivette , Ortega Andrade Norma Angélica , Paz Bautista Juan Carlos
Published: December 2017

Population mental health is an indicator of success of the policies developed by the governments and the co-responsibility among the members of the society. Mental health services must be based on multidisciplinary teams observing the international and national regulations for the generation of health strategies and policies based on current scientific knowledge that involves all health institutions, non-governmental organizations and civil society in order to dignify and respect the human rights of patients with mental disorders for their human development. This review expects to demonstrate the need of current public health policies on mental health and the necessary improvements by implementing strategies and policies in the primary medical care.
Dual diagnosis: a paradigm shift for addiction treatment
Authors: Gómez Benumea Rafael A.
Published: December 2017

Dual diagnosis is defined as the comorbidity of a substance use problem and a psychiatric disorder of a person. Drug addiction is a growing public health problem. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) reported a progressive increase in the prevalence of a substance use problem from 3.5% to 5.7% from 2008 to 2010; a new increase from 5.7% to 7% between 2010 and 2012, which represents 324 million consumers worldwide. About 60% to 80% of this population presents this dual diagnosis. Prevalence of a personality disorder and a substance use problem comprises 20% to 50%. Prevalence between a depressive disorder and a substance use problem goes from 12% to 88%. Prevalence between anxiety disorders and substance use problems is from 10% to 24% and between bipolar disorder and substance use from 51% to 60%. The importance of the paradigm shift in the addiction treatment includes mixed models of intervention where substance use disorders and comorbid psychiatric disorders are contemplated. They are necessary because they help preventing a relapse, the increase of costs for the family, that the attention gets divided in different physical spaces, the application of different therapeutic techniques and that the pharmacological treatment is not oriented to treat substance use disorder as it is oriented to treat psychiatric comorbidities. Therefore it is necessary to implement a comprehensive vision and a specific approach for each disorder of the patient.
Maternal feeding and nutritional status of her children: A bibliographic review
Authors: Balderrama Díaz Raquel , Guzmán Saldaña Rebeca María Elena
Published: December 2017

Practices are "activities that people do on their own in order to continue living, being healthy, healing their diseases and preserving their welfare", behaviors that are deeply rooted in a belief system and cultural traditions, hardly replaced by new knowledge and also unknown to professionals who provide care. In general terms, they can be considered as the way people address and fulfil some needs. The cultural transmission of feeding methods among humans is mainly "by females". It is the mother who learns about categories and child feeding from her mother (the grandmother of the child), and this is how the mother feeds her child according to this cultural background. The World Health Organization and the International Obesity Task Force have established as a priority, the research on the influence of parental styles in healthy eating behaviors and behaviors shown by boys and girls, as obesity can occur as a sequel of malnutrition at an early age. Objective: bibliographic review of articles on maternal feeding and nutritional status of her children, from different models.
Antalya ilinde örtüaltı sebze üretim alanlarında ticari boyutta kullanılan biyolojik mücadele etmenleri
Authors: Kırışık Musa , Erler Fedai
Published: December 2017

Türkiye’de örtüaltı üretiminin yaygın olarak
yapıldığı yerlerin başında Antalya ili gelmektedir. İldeki örtüaltı üretiminde
domates, biber, hıyar ve patlıcan en yaygın yetiştirilen bitkiler olmakla
birlikte kavun, karpuz, kabak, kesme çiçeklerden de karanfil ve gerbera
yetiştiriciliği de son yıllarda yaygınlaşmıştır. Örtüaltı yetiştiriciliğinde
hiç şüphesiz en önemli husus, zararlı ve hastalıklarla mücadeledir. Zararlı ve
hastalık mücadelesi genelde sentetik kimyasal ilaç kullanımına dayanmakla
birlikte son on yıldır biyolojik mücadele çalışmaları bazı ürünlerde, özellikle
de biberde, hız kazanmış hatta Antalya’nın bazı yerlerinde (örneğin, Demre
yöresinde) biberde başta Batı çiçek tripsi Frankliniella
occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) olmak üzere bazı
zararlıların mücadelesi artık biyolojik ajanlarla yapılmaktadır. Bu derleme
çalışmada, Antalya’da örtüaltı sebze yetiştiriciliğinde ticari boyutta
kullanılan biyolojik mücadele etmenleri üzerine detaylı bilgi sunulmuştur.
Kanatlı çizel pullukta kullanılan kanatlarda farklı ağız yapılarının, ilerleme hızının ve iş derinliğinin çeki kuvveti üzerine etkisinin belirlenmesi
Authors: Boydaş Mustafa Gökalp
Published: December 2017

Toprak işleme aletlerinin analizinde ve tasarımında
üzerinde durulan parametrelerden biri çeki kuvvetinin azaltılmasıdır. Çizel
gibi büyük çeki kuvveti gerektiren toprak işleme aletlerinde bu daha önemlidir. Bu çalışma ile kanatlı çizelin kanat ağız
yapısındaki değişik formların (K1, K2, K3 ve K4) özgül çeki kuvvetine olan
etkileri incelenmiştir. K1 kanat yapısı düz bir ağza sahip olup geleneksel
kullanılan kanat yapısına benzemektedir. K2, K3 ve K4 kanat ağızları ise
farklı açılara sahip diş formundadır. Çalışmalar toprak kanalında
yürütülmüştür. Bu kanatlar üç farklı ilerleme hızında (0.12
m s-1, 0.20 m s-1 ve 0.28 m s-1)
ve üç farklı iş derinliğinde (10 cm, 15 cm ve 20 cm)
denenmiştir. Kanat formunun özgül çeki kuvveti üzerine etkileri istatistiksel
olarak önemli bulunmuştur. En yüksek özgül çeki kuvvetinin düz ağızlı kanatta
(K1) meydana geldiği (1.25 N cm-2) ve en düşük özgül çeki
kuvvetinin (1.03 N cm-2) dar açılı dişlere sahip kanatta (K4)
meydana geldiği görülmüştür. İlerleme hızının ve iş derinliğinin artması özgül
çeki kuvvetini önemli derecede artırmıştır.
Büyüme hormonları ve aktif kömürün in vitro koşullarda kardelen (Galanthus woronowii Losinsk.) soğancık oluşumuna etkisi
Authors: Yüzbaşıoğlu Elif , Dalyan Eda
Published: December 2017

Ülkemiz topraklarında yetişen
kardelen, tür çeşitliliği ve endemik zenginliği bakımından önemli bir değere
sahiptir. Biyoteknolojik yöntemler kullanılarak, kardelen soğanının
sürdürülebilir üretimine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Karadeniz
kardelen soğanının in vitro koşullarda
üretilmesi için, farklı bitki büyüme düzenleyicileri ve aktif kömür
kullanılarak en verimli ve uygun ortamın bulunması hedeflenmiştir. Bu amaç ile,
BAP, NAA, GA3 ve 2,4-D bitkisel hormon kombinasyonları ve farklı
konsantrasyonlarda aktif kömür içeren MS besiyeri ortamlarında soğancık oluşumu
teşvik edilmiştir. Uygulanan hormon kombinasyonları arasında 1 mg l-1
BAP ve 0.1 mg l-1 NAA içeren MS ortamında 3.67 adet soğancık
elde edilmiştir. En yüksek soğancık sayısı ise, 5 g l-1 aktif
kömür içeren MS besiyerinde eksplant başına ortalama 5.95 adet bulunmuştur.
Doku kültürü koşullarında elde edilen tüm soğancıklar, 1 g l-1
ve 5 g l-1 aktif kömür içeren MS besiyeri ortamında
köklendirilmiş ve dış ortama aktarımları gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, in vitro koşullarda kullanılan tüm
ortamlar arasında, aktif kömür uygulamasının en yüksek soğancık oluşumunu
teşvik ettiği ortaya konmuştur.
Yugoslav çoban köpeği sharplanina'nın kronolojik parametreleri
Authors: Uroševıć Milivoje M. , Drobnjak Darko , Stojıć Petar , Uroševıć Milan B.
Published: December 2017

Yugoslav Çoban Köpeği
Sharplanina, Balkan Yarımadası'ndaki en eski köpek ırklarından biridir. Antik
çağlardan beri bu ırka ait köpekler başta Shara Dağı olmak üzere eski
Yugoslavya'nın güneydoğusundaki dağlık bölgelerde yetiştirilmektedir ve
Yugoslav Çoban Köpeği Sharplanina olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Günümüzde bu ırk
Uluslararası Kinoloji Federasyonu sınıflandırmasına göre Grup 2 içinde yer almaktadır.
Makedonya ve Sırbistan bu ırkın kökeni olan ülkelerdir. Bu makalenin amacı, söz
konusu köpek populasyonunda kafayla ilgili sekiz dış özelliğin analizi ve
değerlendirilmesidir. Araştırmada 44 erkek 65 dişi olmak üzere toplam 109 köpek
kullanılmıştır. İncelenen özellikler, kafa uzunluğu, ağız uzunluğu, kafatası
uzunluğu, kulak uzunluğu, ağız genişliği, kafatası genişliği, ağız derinliği ve
ağız çevresidir. Ölçümler, taşınabilir kumpas ve şeritmetre kullanılarak
yapılmıştır. Yapılan ölçümlerde ortalama kafa uzunluğu erkek ve dişiler için
sırasıyla, 29.03 cm ve 27.28 cm, ortalama
kafatası uzunluğu 17.32 cm ve 16.69 cm, ortalama kafatası genişliği 14.59 cm ve
13.60 cm, ortalama ağız uzunluğu 11.78 cm ve 10.59 cm, ortalama ağız genişliği
8.49 cm ve 7.76 cm, ortalama ağız derinliği ise 10.73 cm ve 10.09 cm olarak
bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışmada ölçülen Yugoslav Çoban Köpeği
Sharplanina popülasyonunun morfometrik parametreleri önceki araştırmalarda elde
edilen sonuçlardan ve bu ırk için geçerli olan standartlardan farklılık
göstermiştir.
Etlik piliçlerde embriyonun erken ve geç gelişim dönemlerinde yapılan yüksek ısıl uygulamanın bazı karkas ve yenilebilir iç organ özelliklerine etkileri
Authors: Alkan Sezai , Birgül Özgür Barış
Published: December 2017

Bu çalışmada etlik piliçlerde kuluçka gelişiminin
erken ve geç embriyonik dönemlerinde yapılan yüksek ısıl uygulamanın bazı
karkas ve yenilebilir iç organ özelliklerine olan etkilerin belirlenmesi
amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla kontrol grubu yumurtalarına optimum kuluçka koşulları
(37.5 oC sıcaklık ve % 55 nem) 19. güne kadar olan gelişim
dönemi boyunca uygulanmıştır. Kuluçkanın erken (8-10. günler) ve geç embriyonik
(16-18. günler) dönemlerinde ise yumurtalara günlük 3 saat süreyle (12.00-
15.00), 41 oC sıcaklık ve % 65 nem uygulanmıştır. Kontrol,
erken ve geç embriyonik dönem gruplarındaki etlik piliçlerin kesim ağırlık
ortalamaları sırasıyla 1616.00; 1725.83 ve 1791.13 g olarak bulunmuş olup
gruplar arasında önemli farklılık saptanmıştır (P<0.05). Denemede kontrol,
erken ve geç embriyonik dönem gruplarındaki piliçlerin karkas ağırlık
ortalamaları sırasıyla 1180.87; 1276.80 ve 1319.04 g olarak bulunmuş olup
gruplar arasında önemli farklılıklar belirlenmiştir (P<0.05). Toplam
yenilebilir iç organ ağırlıkları bakımından deneme grupları arasında bir
farklılık bulunmazken, erkek piliçlere ait ortalamalar dişilerden daha yüksek
bulunmuştur (P<0.01).
Likelihood Estimation of the Multivariate Social Relations Model
Authors: Nestler Steffen
Published: December 2017

The social relations model (SRM) is a mathematical model that can be used to analyze interpersonal judgment and behavior data. Typically, the SRM is applied to one (i.e., univariate SRM) or two variables (i.e., bivariate SRM), and parameter estimates are obtained by employing an analysis of variance method. Here, we present an extension of the SRM to an arbitrary number of variables and show how the parameters of this multivariate model can be estimated using a maximum likelihood or a restricted maximum likelihood approach. Overall, the two likelihood approaches provide consistent and efficient parameter estimates and can be used to investigate a multitude of interesting research questions.
Rent dissipation in high-speed rail construction in China and Taiwan
Authors: Yu Fu-Lai Tony , Kwan Diana S.
Published: December 2017

This article compares the performance of high-speed rails (HSRs) in China and Taiwan in rent dissipation perspective. The article uses multiple criteria for comparison. In terms of total time spent on planning, designing and constructing a HSR, China takes longer time than Taiwan. However, China performs better than Taiwan in the actual construction time. Our study also reveals that both HSRs should not be built. Both rails have operated under heavy debt and financial loss and required government takeover (Taiwan) or heavy subsidy (China). Furthermore, in China, massive bribery associated with high rank officers or top party members in the construction of HSR is reported, while rent-seeking activities are prevalent in Taiwan’s HSR. Lastly, capturing rent via the deterioration of the quality of works is found severe in China, resulting in several fatal accidents. Serious accidents have not been found in the operation of Taiwan’s HSR. In conclusion, transaction costs are involved in policy making in both HSRs to different extents, and people in China and Taiwan seize opportunities to capture economic rent through the HSR project.
RETRACTED: Study on enterprise risk management assessment based on picture fuzzy multiple attribute decision-making method
Authors: Peng Su-Mian
Published: December 2017

This article has been retracted. A retraction notice can be found at https://doi.org/10.3233/JIFS-219324.
Quantum Minimum Distance Classifier
Authors: Santucci Enrica
Published: December 2017

We propose a quantum version of the well known minimum distance classification model called Nearest Mean Classifier (NMC). In this regard, we presented our first results in two previous works. First, a quantum counterpart of the NMC for two-dimensional problems was introduced, named Quantum Nearest Mean Classifier (QNMC), together with a possible generalization to any number of dimensions. Secondly, we studied the n-dimensional problem into detail and we showed a new encoding for arbitrary n-feature vectors into density operators. In the present paper, another promising encoding is considered, suggested by recent debates on quantum machine learning. Further, we observe a significant property concerning the non-invariance by feature rescaling of our quantum classifier. This fact, which represents a meaningful difference between the NMC and the respective quantum version, allows us to introduce a free parameter whose variation provides, in some cases, better classification results for the QNMC. The experimental section is devoted: (i) to compare the NMC and QNMC performance on different datasets; and (ii) to study the effects of the non-invariance under uniform rescaling for the QNMC.
Large Signal Stabilization of Hybrid AC/DC Micro-Grids Using Nonlinear Robust Controller
Authors: Pejmanfar Reza , Haghifam Mahmoud , Soleymani Soodabeh , Tavassoli Babak
Published: December 2017

This paper presents a robust nonlinear integrated controller to improve stability of hybrid AC/DC micro-grids under islanding mode. The proposed controller includes two independent controllers where each one is responsible to control one part of the system. First controller will improve the stability of input DC/DC converter. Using this controller, the voltage of DC bus is fully stabilized such that when a large disturbance occurs, its voltage will become constant without any significant dynamic. The necessity of DC bus regulation which has not been considered in previous studies, is imminent as it not only improves voltage stability of the micro-grid but also protects consumers which are directly connected to the DC bus, against voltage variations. Frequency stability of the micro-grid is provided by the second proposed controller which is applied to output DC/AC converter of the micro-grid. Adaptive method is used to make the controllers proposed in this paper, robust. Duty cycle of converters switches are adjusted such that voltage and frequency of the micro-grid are set on the desired value in minimum possible time under transient disturbances and uncertainty of the loads as well as micro-sources characteristics.
Using a Local Framework Combining Principal Component Regression and Monte Carlo Simulation for Uncertainty and Sensitivity Analysis of a Domestic Energy Model in Sub-City Areas
Authors: Urquizo Javier , Calderón Carlos , James Philip
Published: December 2017

Domestic energy modelling is complex, in terms of user input and the approach used to define the model; therefore, there is an increase in the sources of uncertainties. Previous efforts to perform sensitivity and uncertainty analyses have focused on national energy models, while in this research, the objective is to extend traditional sensitivity analysis and use a local framework combining principal component regression and Monte Carlo Simulation. Therefore, in our method the total amount of the energy output’s variance is decomposed, in relative terms, according to the contribution of the different predictor parameters. Our framework provides compelling evidence that local area characteristics are important in energy modelling and those national and regional indexes and values may not properly reflect the local conditions, resulting in programmes and interventions that will be sub-optimal. Furthermore, our uncertainty methodology uses a three dimensional integrative taxonomy and a concept map. The concept map identified concrete terminal causes of uncertainty within the taxonomic framework of sources, issues, sub-issues and a further abstraction of those quantities in terms of accuracy and precision. Understanding uncertainties in this way provides a possible framework for modellers, policy makers and data collectors to improve practice in key areas and to reduce uncertainty.
Optimal Dispatching of Active Distribution Networks Based on Load Equilibrium
Authors: Han Xiao , Zhou Ming , Li Gengyin , Lee Kwang
Published: December 2017

This paper focuses on the optimal intraday scheduling of a distribution system that includes renewable energy (RE) generation, energy storage systems (ESSs), and thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs). This system also provides time-of-use pricing to customers. Unlike previous studies, this study attempts to examine how to optimize the allocation of electric energy and to improve the equilibrium of the load curve. Accordingly, we propose a concept of load equilibrium entropy to quantify the overall equilibrium of the load curve and reflect the allocation optimization of electric energy. Based on this entropy, we built a novel multi-objective optimal dispatching model to minimize the operational cost and maximize the load curve equilibrium. To aggregate TCLs into the optimization objective, we introduced the concept of a virtual power plant (VPP) and proposed a calculation method for VPP operating characteristics based on the equivalent thermal parameter model and the state-queue control method. The Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm was employed to solve the optimization problems. The simulation results illustrated that the proposed dispatching model can achieve cost reductions of system operations, peak load curtailment, and efficiency improvements, and also verified that the load equilibrium entropy can be used as a novel index of load characteristics.
Risk Culture during the Last 2000 Years—From an Aleatory Society to the Illusion of Risk Control
Authors: Milkau Udo
Published: December 2017

The culture of risk is 2000 years old, although the term “risk” developed much later. The culture of merchants making decisions under uncertainty and taking the individual responsibility for the uncertain future started with the Roman “Aleatory Society”, continued with medieval sea merchants, who made business “ad risicum et fortunam”, and sustained to the culture of entrepreneurs in times of industrialisation and dynamic economic changes in the 18th and 19th century. For all long-term commercial relationships, the culture of honourable merchants with personal decision-making and individual responsibility worked well. The successful development of sciences, statistics and engineering within the last 100 years led to the conjecture that men can “construct” an economical system with a pre-defined “clockwork” behaviour. Since probability distributions could be calculated ex-post, an illusion to control risk ex-ante became a pattern in business and banking. Based on the recent experiences with the financial crisis, a “risk culture” should understand that human “Strength of Knowledge” is limited and the “unknown unknown” can materialise. As all decisions and all commercial agreements are made under uncertainty, the culture of honourable merchants is key to achieve trust in long-term economic relations with individual responsibility, flexibility to adapt and resilience against the unknown.
An Interface for Biomedical Big Data Processing on the Tianhe-2 Supercomputer
Authors: Yang Xi , Wu Chengkun , Lu Kai , Fang Lin , Zhang Yong , Li Shengkang , Guo Guixin , Du YunFei
Published: December 2017

Big data, cloud computing, and high-performance computing (HPC) are at the verge of convergence. Cloud computing is already playing an active part in big data processing with the help of big data frameworks like Hadoop and Spark. The recent upsurge of high-performance computing in China provides extra possibilities and capacity to address the challenges associated with big data. In this paper, we propose Orion—a big data interface on the Tianhe-2 supercomputer—to enable big data applications to run on Tianhe-2 via a single command or a shell script. Orion supports multiple users, and each user can launch multiple tasks. It minimizes the effort needed to initiate big data applications on the Tianhe-2 supercomputer via automated configuration. Orion follows the “allocate-when-needed” paradigm, and it avoids the idle occupation of computational resources. We tested the utility and performance of Orion using a big genomic dataset and achieved a satisfactory performance on Tianhe-2 with very few modifications to existing applications that were implemented in Hadoop/Spark. In summary, Orion provides a practical and economical interface for big data processing on Tianhe-2.
The Scopoletin-HRP Fluorimetric Determination of H2O2 in Seawaters—A Plea for the Two-Stage Protocol
Authors: Wu Man , Wong George , Wu Yao-Chu
Published: December 2017

A single solution protocol has been widely used for the fluorimetric determination of H2O2 in natural waters by its bleaching of the fluorescing scopoletin in the presence of the enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP). In this protocol, the reaction between scopoletin and H2O2 in the sample and the subsequent internal additions, and the measurements of the fluorescence are all carried out at a single pH in a fluorometer cell. It is found that this protocol is prone to four sources of possible error. The variability in the reaction stoichiometry between scopoletin and H2O2 in the presence of varying amounts of excess scopoletin, the effect of pH on the rate of reaction between scopoletin and H2O2, the photobleaching of scopoletin, and the de-activation of HRP. These possible sources of error can be circumvented in a two-stage protocol in which the reaction between H2O2 and scopoletin is carried out immediately upon sampling at a pH of 7, and the measurement of the fluorescence is carried out later on at a pH of 9. It should be the protocol of choice. Furthermore, in the two-stage protocol, after the initial reaction between H2O2 and scopoletin, the sample may be stored at room temperature for six days and at 4 °C for at least a month before its fluorescence is measured. This option can significantly reduce the logistics in the field.
Quasar Photometric Redshifts and Candidate Selection: A New Algorithm Based on Optical and Mid-infrared Photometric Data
Authors: Yang Qian , Wu Xue-Bing , Fan Xiaohui , Jiang Linhua , McGreer Ian , Green Richard , Yang Jinyi , Schindler Jan-Torge , Wang Feige , Zuo Wenwen , Fu Yuming
Published: December 2017

We present a new algorithm to estimate quasar photometric redshifts (photo-zs), by considering the asymmetries in the relative flux distributions of quasars. The relative flux models are built with multivariate Skew-t distributions in the multidimensional space of relative fluxes as a function of redshift and magnitude. For 151,392 quasars in the SDSS, we achieve a photo-z accuracy, defined as the fraction of quasars with the difference between the photo-z z

p
and the spectroscopic redshift z

s
,

within 0.1, of 74%. Combining the WISE W1 and W2 infrared data with the SDSS data, the photo-z accuracy is enhanced to 87%. Using the Pan-STARRS1 or DECaLS photometry with WISE W1 and W2 data, the photo-z accuracies are 79% and 72%, respectively. The prior probabilities as a function of magnitude for quasars, stars, and galaxies are calculated, respectively, based on (1) the quasar luminosity function, (2) the Milky Way synthetic simulation with the Besançon model, and (3) the Bayesian Galaxy Photometric Redshift estimation. The relative fluxes of stars are obtained with the Padova isochrones, and the relative fluxes of galaxies are modeled through galaxy templates. We test our classification method to select quasars using the DECaLS g, r, z, and WISE W1 and W2 photometry. The quasar selection completeness is higher than 70% for a wide redshift range

, and a wide magnitude range

mag. Our photo-z regression and classification method has the potential to extend to future surveys. The photo-z code will be publicly available.
The Structure of Titan’s N2 and CH4 Coronae
Authors: Jiang Fayu , Cui Jun , Xu Jiyao
Published: December 2017

In this study, we analyze the structures of Titan’s N2 and CH4 coronae using a large data set acquired by the Ion Neutral Mass Spectrometer (INMS) instrument on board Cassini. The N2 and CH4 densities measured from the exobase up to 2000 km imply a mean exobase temperature of 146 K and 143 K, respectively, which is lower than the mean upper atmospheric temperature by 4 and 7 K. This indicates that on average, Titan possesses a subthermal rather than suprathermal corona. A careful examination reveals that the variability in corona structure is not very likely to be solar driven. Within the framework of the collisionless kinetic model, we investigate how the CH4 energy distribution near the exobase could be constrained if strong CH4 escape occurs on Titan. Several functional forms for the CH4 energy distribution are attempted, assuming two representative CH4 escape rates of

s−1 and

s−1. We find that the double Maxwellian and power-law distributions can reproduce the shape of the CH4 corona structure as well as the imposed CH4 escape rate. In both cases, the escape rate is contributed by a suprathermal CH4 population on the high-energy tail, with a number fraction below 5% and a characteristic energy of 0.1–0.6 eV per suprathermal CH4 molecule. The coexistence of the subthermal CH4 corona revealed by the INMS data and substantial CH4 escape suggested by some previous works could be reconciled by a significant departure in the exobase CH4 energy distribution from ideal Maxwellian that enhances escape and causes a noticeable redistribution of the corona structure.
Hot Molecular Gas in the Circumnuclear Disk
Authors: Mills Elisabeth A. C. , Togi Aditya , Kaufman Michael
Published: December 2017

We present an analysis of archival Infrared Space Observatory observations of H2 for three

pointings in the central 3 pc of the Galaxy: toward the southwest region and northeast region of the Galactic center circumnuclear disk (CND), and toward the supermassive black hole Sgr A*. We detect pure rotational lines from 0–0 S(0) to S(13), as well as a number of rovibrationally excited transitions. Using the pure rotational lines, we perform both fits to a discrete temperature distribution (measuring up to three temperature components with T = 500–600 K, T = 1250–1350 K, and T > 2600 K) and fits to a continuous temperature distribution, assuming a power-law distribution of temperatures. We measure power-law indices of n = 3.22 for the northeast region and n = 2.83 for the southwest region. These indices are lower than those measured for other galaxies or other Galactic center clouds, indicating a larger fraction of gas at high temperatures. We also test whether extrapolating this temperature distribution can yield a reasonable estimate of the total molecular mass, as has been recently done for H2 observations in other galaxies. Extrapolating to a cutoff temperature of 50 K in the southwest (northeast) region, we would measure 32% (140%) of the total molecular gas mass inferred from the dust emission, and 26% (125%) of the total molecular gas mass inferred from the CO emission. Ultimately, the inconsistency of the masses inferred in this way suggests that a simple application of this method cannot yield a reliable estimate of the mass of the CND.
A Monster CME Obscuring a Demon Star Flare
Authors: Moschou Sofia-Paraskevi , Drake Jeremy J. , Cohen Ofer , Alvarado-Gomez Julian D. , Garraffo Cecilia
Published: December 2017

We explore the scenario of a coronal mass ejection (CME) being the cause of the observed continuous X-ray absorption of the 1997 August 30 superflare on the eclipsing binary Algol (the Demon Star). The temporal decay of the absorption is consistent with absorption by a CME undergoing self-similar evolution with uniform expansion velocity. We investigate the kinematic and energetic properties of the CME using the ice cream cone model for its three-dimensional structure in combination with the observed profile of the hydrogen column density decline with time. Different physically justified length scales were used that allowed us to estimate lower and upper limits of the possible CME characteristics. Further consideration of the maximum available magnetic energy in starspots leads us to quantify its mass as likely lying in the range

g and kinetic energy in the range

erg. The results are in reasonable agreement with extrapolated relations between flare X-ray fluence and CME mass and kinetic energy derived for solar CMEs.