bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MODELAGEM ESPACIAL DA ILHA DE CALOR URBANA EM PRESIDENTE PRUDENTE (SP) – BRASIL
Authors: Amorim Margarete Cristiane de Costa Trindade , Dubreuil Vincent , Cardoso Renata Dos Santos
Published: July 2016

O diagnóstico das ilhas de calor urbanas tem se mostrado um instrumento importante para a gestão do espaço urbano, na medida em que a espacialização das diferenças das temperaturas intraurbanas e rurais próximas pode oferecer subsídios para que atitudes possam ser tomadas com o objetivo de amenizar a magnitude de tais ilhas de calor. Entretanto, as interpolações dos registros de temperaturas do ar que não levam em consideração as características dos alvos superficiais produzem resultados que dificultam intervenções mais localizadas.O objetivo deste artigo foi apresentar um conjunto de procedimentos para a modelagem das ilhas de calor urbanas, com o propósito de estimar a temperatura do ar considerando-se as características da superfície (uso da terra, vegetação, relevo).Para isso foram processadas relações entre as temperaturas do ar medidas por meio de transectos móveis; o uso da terra tendo como base as imagens do satélite Landsat 8; o NDVI (Índice de Vegetação por Diferença Normalizada); e a hipsometria.Com essas informações foram feitas relações estatísticas entre a intensidade da ilha de calor urbana nos locais onde as temperaturas foram registradas e os parâmetros geográficos, tais como porcentagem de vegetação, densidade de edificações e altitude.Os resultados mostraram que o modelo gerado estimou satisfatoriamente (r=0,81) a temperatura do ar no ambiente intraurbano e rural próximo sendo possível subsidiar intervenções mais localizadas que podem contribuir para amenizar a ilha de calor atmosférica que, no episódio estudado (30/06/2014), apresentou-se com forte magnitude e intensidade de 9ºC.
CLASSIFICAÇÃO DE AMBIENTES TÉRMICAMENTE HOMOGÊNEOS PARA ESTUDOS DE CLIMA NA CAMADA DO DOSSEL URBANO – METODOLOGIA E APLICAÇÃO À CIDADE DE PELOTAS/RS
Authors: COLLISCHONN Erika , MATTOS Gil Passos de
Published: July 2016

O “perímetro urbano” que, segundo a lei vigente no Brasil, é a linha que separa o urbano do rural, não representa esta distinção de modo satisfatório, já que interesses econômicos, políticos e tributários muitas vezes prevalecem na sua demarcação. Além disso, o espraiamento do fenômeno urbano tornou mais indefinido o limite entre o "urbano" e o "rural" e também mais difícil de ser percebido, exigindo novos recortes espaciais intermediários mais condizentes com esta nova realidade, também para a investigação de ilhas de calor. Neste trabalho, avaliamos na literatura sobre clima urbano, propostas de classificação de unidades climáticas homogêneas do ponto de vista das características térmicas do ar próximo à superfície, justificamos porque escolhemos a proposta de Steward e Oke (2009), adaptamos esta classificação para que se tornasse aplicável ao perímetro urbano de Pelotas/RS e, finalmente, apresentamos o processo de identificação das potenciais Unidades climáticas diferenciadas no perímetro urbano desta cidade, a partir de imagem de satélite de alta resolução espacial num sistema de informações geográficas.
EFEITO OROGRÁFICO NA ILHA DE SÃO SEBASTIÃO (ILHABELA – SP)
Authors: MILANESI Marcos Alexandre , GALVANI Emerson
Published: July 2016

O presente artigo tem como objetivo principal avaliar, na relação chuva versus relevo, a ocorrência da chuva orográfica a barlavento da Ilha de São Sebastião (Ilhabela - SP). Ao longo do Ano Hidrológico 2004 - 2005 foram coletados mensalmente dados da chuva da ilha, por meio da instalação de seis pluviômetros experimentais na Estrada de Castelhanos - de orientação O - L, com 22 km de extensão e altitude máxima de 690m, em diferentes altitudes. Os dados receberam análise estatística descritiva e sua síntese conduziu, essencialmente, a três resultados: 1) 60,1% do total de chuva coletado no período precipitou sobre a vertente exposta aos fluxos do setor SE (barlavento) confirmando a importância do relevo na sua distribuição; 2) descrição da sombra da chuva por meio da redução da pluviosidade a sotavento da ilha, onde os valores coletados foram 20% menores que os da vertente oposta, e; 3) identificação da chuva orográfica a 600 m de altitude (P7), onde os valores coletados foram invariavelmente mais elevados que os outros, em torno de 30% superiores, ultrapassando os 4000 mm anuais e acumulando um total mensal de 708,5 mm em março de 2005.
DISCUTINDO AS RESTRIÇÕES DE MARCAÇÃO POSICIONAL: UMA PROPOSTA DE FORMALIZAÇÃO DA DIFERENÇA DE PONTO DE ARTICULAÇÃO EM CODA
Authors: Alves Ubiratã Kickhöfel
Published: July 2016

Neste trabalho, apresentamos uma proposta de formalização da oposição a ponto de articulação em coda, através de restrições conjuntas de caráter estringente. Argumentaremos que a formação de restrições conjuntas se mostra mais apropriada tanto em termos de economia descritiva como de adequação formal.
O EMPARELHAMENTO TEMÁTICO E A ANÁLISE DO PREDICATIVO EM PORTUGUÊS
Authors: Perini Mário A. , Fulgêncio Lúcia
Published: July 2016

O complemento tradicionalmente chamado “predicativo” (do sujeito, do objeto) não representa uma função sintática autônoma. Todas as características tradicionalmente apontadas que o distinguiriam do objeto direto ou do adjunto/complemento adverbial podem ser descritas mais adequadamente como efeito de traços semânticos das construções ou dos itens lexicais envolvidos. Construções de predicativo podem ser analisadas através de uma descrição sintática mínima, conforme proposto em Culicover e Jackendoff (2005), mais o efeito de fenômenos semânticos independentemente motivados. O principal desses é o emparelhamento de papéis temáticos: todos os casos de predicativo se caracterizam pela presença de dois papéis temáticos relacionados por um acarretamento de ocorrência, de modo que sempre que ocorre um deles o outro também precisa ocorrer. O emparelhamento também está presente entre os fatores que desencadeiam a concordância nominal.
A VARIAÇÃO LINGUÍSTICA E O PAPEL DOS FATORES LINGUÍSTICOS
Authors: Duarte Maria Eugenia , Paiva Maria Da Conceição
Published: July 2016

Neste artigo, discutimos o papel dos fatores estruturais na variação linguística, procurando, sobretudo, destacar a possibilidade de depreender princípios mais gerais acerca das restrições que operam sobre fenômenos fonológicos e sintáticos e a forma como diferentes processos se interrelacionam. No nível fonético-fonológico, retomamos a importância do contexto subsequente e da classe gramatical na realização variável do ditongo [ey] e no apagamento do rótico em coda. No nível sintático-semântico, focalizamos o efeito da manutenção/mudança da função do antecedente e sua maior ou menor referencialidade nos processo de implementação do objeto anafórico nulo e de preenchimento do sujeito pronominal. Com base em resultados obtidos para esses fenômenos em diferentes comunidades de fala do português brasileiro, apontamos a regularidade no comportamento desses fatores, o que permite inferir tendências mais gerais de mudança no português brasileiro.
O FUTURO NAS LÍNGUAS ROMÂNICAS
Authors: Mercer José Luiz da Veiga
Published: July 2016

A expressão verbal do futuro nas línguas românicas se dá por formas que, em larga medida, remontam aos moldes latinos. O latim clássico tinha duas formas indicativas de futuro, uma imperfeita e outra perfeita, que se traduzem em português pelo futuro do presente e pelo futuro composto, respectivamente. Eram construções sintéticas, apoiadas em sufixos, que já no latim vulgar seriam substituídas paulatinamente por formas analíticas, constituídas por um verbo principal e um auxiliar.
O ESTATUTO DA DETERMINAÇÃO LINGUÍSTICA NA GRAMÁTICA HISTÓRICA DE SAID ALI E A DIMENSÃO DISCURSIVA
Authors: Rasia Gesualda Dos Santos
Published: July 2016

O presente estudo põe em pauta, a partir da Análise do Discurso, a questão da determinação linguística na Gramática Histórica de Said Ali (1931), estabelecendo como questão central a determinação enquanto observatório dos processos discursivos. Para tanto, busca entender como construções determinativas acerca de mudanças na língua, presentes na referida gramática, materializam processos discursivos e como se dá a de-sintagmatização de saberes que aí intervêm. Analisa, também, que jogos de força entram em cena, nesse processo, especialmente com relação ao campo de disputa língua culta x língua popular.
QUESTÕES SOBRE A INFÂNCIA E A FALA DA CRIANÇA NA TEORIZAÇÃO SOBRE AQUISIÇÃO DA LINGUAGEM
Authors: Castro Maria Fausta C. Pereira de
Published: July 2016

Neste trabalho a fala da criança é interrogada pela sua relação com a noção de infância, a partir do problema da aquisição de linguagem. Para o filósofo G. Agamben infância e linguagem remetem circularmente uma à outra. No Curso de Linguística Geral, Saussure faz alusão indiretamente à questão da aquisição ao dizer que a “língua é tesouro depositado pela prática da fala em todos os indivíduos pertencentes à mesma comunidade”. No processo de aquisição isso se dá pelo encontro da criança com a fala do adulto. Cabe então encaminhar uma pergunta inicial a que daremos sequência ao longo do trabalho: qual o efeito dessa fala no corpo do infans?
OS MOVIMENTOS ENUNCIATIVOS DA CRIANÇA NA LINGUAGEM
Authors: Silva Carmem Luci da Costa
Published: July 2016

Este estudo trata a aquisição da linguagem a partir da perspectiva enunciativa de Émile Benveniste. São destacados princípios transversais à reflexão benvenistiana sobre linguagem e sobre enunciação para mostrar os movimentos enunciativos de uma criança, acompanhada longitudinalmente dos onze meses aos três anos e quatro meses, em seu ato de aquisição da linguagem.
OS LIMITES DA VARIAÇÃO E DA INVARIÂNCIA NA ESTRUTURA DA GRAMÁTICA
Authors: Lucchesi Dante
Published: July 2016

A partir do debate travado entre a Sociolinguística Variacionista e a Gramática Gerativa, na segunda metade do século XX, em torno da construção do objeto de estudo da Linguística, o artigo sistematiza um questionamento à concepção de gramática como um sistema perfeito que se restringe à função de transmitir informação referencial, a partir do reconhecimento do fato empírico de que as línguas humanas funcionam enquanto mudam. Com base nesse questionamento, defenderá que uma das principais tarefas da pesquisa linguística na atualidade é definir com precisão os limites da variação e da invariância na estrutura da gramática, para integrar em uma única abordagem as dimensões psíquico-biológica e sócio-histórica da linguagem humana, consideradas irreconciliáveis, desde a emergência do paradigma saussuriano.
UMA PROPOSTA SOBRE A CODA DO PORTUGUÊS BRASILEIRO A PARTIR DA FONOLOGIA GESTUAL, COM FOCO ESPECIAL NA NASAL
Authors: Medeiros Beatriz Raposo de
Published: July 2016

Propomos que a coda do português brasileiro apresenta uma coordenação específica entre os gestos vocálico e consonantal, com um gradiente de vocalização. Essa coordenação deve ser entendida no âmbito da Fonologia Gestual, ou Fonologia Articulatória, que prevê maior estabilidade gestual em estruturas CV e menor estabilidade em estruturas VC. Estudos acústicos e aerodinâmicos aqui apresentados sobre a nasalidade vocálica e seus diferentes contextos à direita levam-nos a inferir vários tipos de sobreposição articulatória dos gestos envolvidos na vogal e sua coda nasal. Uma das sobreposições inferidas é a do gesto vocálico com o gesto vélico para a qual hipotetizamos forte acoplamento (ou aderência) intergestual.
NOTAS SOBRE GÊNERO, uma questão teórica e metodológica
Authors: Possenti Sírio
Published: July 2016

O trabalho parte da premissa de que as pesquisas em texto e discurso estejam submetidas à “intenção de verdade”, e que, portanto, hipóteses alternativas devem ser consideradas e “testadas”, em vez de serem desconhecidas pelo fato de provirem de outras teorias. Concretamente, discute a aplicação do conceito recente de intergenericidade a certos fenômenos textuais, que considera equivocada à luz de Bakhtin, no interior de cuja teoria do gênero, no entanto, estaria inscrito. Propõe que a alternativa proposta por Maingueneau, o conceito de cenografia, explica melhor os fenômenos em questão e que, portanto, ou deve ser adotado ou contestado.
WEAK (IN)DEFINITES, FAMILIARITY AND REFERENCE TO KINDS: THE VIEW FROM ITALIAN
Authors: Donazzan Marta
Published: July 2016

DPs definidos fracos têm sido caracterizados como DPs que não carregam a pressuposição de unicidade usualmente associada ao determinante definido. Este artigo propõe uma análise unificada do determinante definido. Mostro que, associando à semântica do determinante definido ‘fraco’ a noção de familiaridade fraca (Roberts 2003), a unicidade pode ser garantida e também que é possível explicar a condição de prototipicalidade postulada em trabalhos recentes sobre o uso dos definidos fracos em inglês. Discutirei em particular o caso do italiano que possui, vou argumentar, uma classe de DPs definidos que análises prévias não conseguem explicar.
Delirium following fesoterodine treatment for urgency incontinence in an 89-year old man
Authors: Charbonneau Jeannie Medeiros , Bisset Rania , Nguyen Patrick Viet-Quoc
Published: July 2016

We describe the case of an 89-year-old man who developed delirium following the introduction of fesoterodine to treat his urgency incontinence. The patient started experiencing visual hallucinations approximately five days after starting fesoterodine 4 mg once daily. Delirium resolved after fesoterodine was stopped. Despite the apparent safe cognitive profile due to its pharmacodynamic properties, fesoterodine should be used with caution in the elderly, frail population.
Investigating Pedagogical Techniques in Classroom Interactions at a CELTA Training Programme
Authors: Shidur Rahman Md
Published: July 2016

The study investigated the similarities and dissimilarities of using pedagogical techniques in classroom interactions, taken place whilst teaching a known language and an unknown language in a CELTA training classroom context. For this purpose, the classroom interactions in unknown and known languages were analysed according to the qualitative research method. First, the interactions were recorded; and then transcribed them by following Jefferson’s transcription conventions. The interactants were one instructor (Female), and twelve trainees: seven females and five males. Usually, the CELTA has a maximum class size of tweleve. The instructor was a native-speaker of English, but the trainees were the mixture of native and non-native speakers. One was from Thailand, one from Indonesia, one from Bangladesh; two from Europe, and the rest were from the UK. Most of the trainees had teaching experience. The results of the study indicated that there exist distinctions, rather than similarities, between pedagogical strategies ued while teaching known and unknown languages. The study also suggested that all the pedagogical techniques do not fit equally with teaching both the languages; some can be used in a wider degree—some can be employed in a lesser degree.
De statutair bestuurder in de Wet werk en zekerheid
Authors: Beltzer R.M. , Rietveld R.D.
Published: July 2016

De statutair bestuurder in de Wet werk en zekerheid

De op 1 juli 2015 ingevoerde Wet werk en zekerheid is de grootste operatie op het terrein van het ontslagrecht in jaren. De wijzigingen die deze wet meebrengt, hebben ook gevolgen voor de juridische positie van de statutair bestuurder, die immers veelal (tevens) in een arbeidsrechtelijke betrekking tot de vennootschap staat. Hoewel van een revolutie niet te spreken is, dient men in de praktijk rekening te houden met een gewijzigd speelveld. De auteurs gaan in hun artikel in op de belangrijkste wijzigingen, zoals het verplichte grondenstelsel voor ontslag, de opzegverboden, de herplaatsingsplicht en de ontslagvergoeding. Ook wordt bezien of de leer uit de 15 april-arresten nog (onverkort) geldt.
Het afgescheiden vermogen van beleggingsfondsen: art. 4:37j Wft, een geschikte regeling voor de cv én het fgr?
Authors: Maters M.C.
Published: July 2016

Het afgescheiden vermogen van beleggingsfondsen: art. 4:37j Wft, een geschikte regeling voor de cv én het fgr?

Sinds de implementatie van de AIFMD in de Wet op het financieel toezicht is art. 4:37j van toepassing op Nederlandse beheerders van beleggingsinstellingen. Art. 4:37j bepaalt dat beleggingsinstellingen (waaronder beleggingsfondsen) een afgescheiden vermogen hebben. Sommige beleggingsfondsen zijn personenvennootschappen (zoals de cv) en hebben op grond van jurisprudentie reeds een afgescheiden vermogen. Het artikel bespreekt deze civiele en financiële regels en behandelt de vraag of art. 4:37j Wft voldoende rekening houdt met de kenmerken van de cv, en of dat wenselijk is.
AN APPROACH TO PERSONNEL SELECTION BASED ON SWARA AND WASPAS METHODS
Authors: Karabašević Darjan , Stanujkić Dragiša , Urošević Snežana , Maksimović Mlađan
Published: July 2016

Human resource management is consisted of all activities that are aimed at ensuring continuous development, satisfying the needs of employees, motivation and retention of employees within the company along with achievement of their goals in an effective manner. Development plan of human resource management in the company is created in accordance with the strategic objectives of the company. Human resource management in the company also has its most important integrative component that is reflected in attracting and retaining employees who possess certain skills and competencies. Therefore, process of recruitment and selection occupies a very important role in the management of human resources. This manuscript propose one approach to problem of personnel selection based on the use of SWARA and WASPAS method. In order to demonstrate efficiency and applicability of the proposed approach, a numerical example is conducted.
ANALYSIS OF CURRENT TRENDS AND VIEWS ON CONSULTING IN ORGANIZATIONS OPERATING IN SERBIA
Authors: Krivokapić Jovan , Čudanov Mladen
Published: July 2016

This paper will present current trends in consulting as well as an overview of the key results of the survey on views on consulting among managers in Serbia. A review of relevant literature indicates that throughout history many organizations have significantly improved their business performance, since they overcame the problems they have encountered, and became a stable operating system, thanks to the assistance of external experts. This claim might be supported with the fact that the global consulting market is now worth nearly $350 billion. On the other hand, organizations that operate in Serbia often do not have financial resources that would create conditions to hire such experts. However, it is encouraging that a large number of managers that had participated in this survey recognized their importance and they believe that organizations should use this kind of assistance, if such need arises. It is also important to emphasize that there is an overall view that the benefits that can be expected justify such investments, and that local organizations can expect certain improvements if they choose an option of hiring consultants.
THE PLACE OF PERSONAL INCOME TAX IN THE STRUCTURE OF SERBIAN TAX SYSTEM
Authors: Stojković Aleksandar , Gligorijević Milica
Published: July 2016

The personal income tax (the personal income tax of citizens in the Serbian tax system) makes the group of "standard" taxes which is mainly encountered in the tax structure of most countries (among corporate tax, consumption taxes and property tax). Personal income tax has a special place in the tax systems of modern states and the importance of income taxation can be seen not only in significantly large financial abundance, but also in the broad possibilities to be used as a convenient means for achieving non-fiscal goals of taxation. In the total revenues of the Republic of Serbia in 2015 participates with 4.7%. In our country with this tax is collected much less tax revenue than in developed countries. The reason for this should be sought in low-income and low number of employees. The aim of this paper is the analysis of the basic elements of this tax form in the Republic of Serbia, its yield, role and place in Serbian tax system.
ANALYSIS OF IT PROFESSIONS AND FUTURE ASPECTS AND EXPECTATIONS
Authors: Marković Suzana
Published: July 2016

Today education is the right choice selection of the desired objective. However, it is not about how to learn a set of skills and then be "prepared" for life, because the process of education is not exhaustive, but it is about how to learn to constantly learn and improve throughout his career. IT industry develops rapidly. In the second half of the last century technological cycles recorded the appearance of personal computers (PC), Internet and mobile phone. At the same time, many IT jobs are created, and the most sought after and best paid were programmers. The results of the world and our research shows that a large number of developers is not a university degree, and JavaScript is the language of the future.
TRENDS IN BUSINESS TOURISM WITH A SPECIAL FOCUS ON THE CITY OF NIŠ AS A CONFERENCE DESTINATION
Authors: Avramović Mira , Perić Goran , Komadina Milan
Published: July 2016

This paper explains the phenomenon of business tourism giving insight to its main concepts and types. The case study has special emphasis on the business tourist area of the City of Niš and deals with its potential for the development of this form of tourism. It has shown that the City of Niš as a tourist destination has appropriate infrastructure whose maximum use along with the assistance of well-planned destination management could further develop business tourism in the area. The Niš Fair, Čair Hall and a sufficient number of hotels that offer small and large conference venues represent a tourist destination management resource that should be recognized and valorized through the creation of many different business touristic offers in the form of a number of business conferences, exhibitions and trade fairs in the coming years. The MICE (business tourism) has an increasing trend in the Niš area and it would certainly exert a positive effect on the inflow of funds to the budget of the City of Niš.
VENTURE CAPITAL FUNDS IMPACT ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Jovović David , Jovović Marina , Cvetković Kristina
Published: July 2016

Venture  capital represents the money who invest wealthy individuals or institutional investors in companies at different stages of their development in order to achieve thr greatest possible profit. Venture capital is  a long-term investment that carries a great risik or potential high yields. The venture industry provides  the  capital  to development  some of the  most  innovative  and successful companies. But venture capital is  more  than  money. Active engagement manager funds through membership in boards of is crucial for the success of the company. Over the next  three to eight  or so  years, the venture  firm  works  with  the managers of company to growthe  company. After a period intensive  development of the company they are sold. Venture funds invest in small and medium-sized companies with potential for growth and development and as such are highly desirable source of funding especially in developing countries. In the world of risk capital proved to be the driving force behind the development of many countries.
Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Differentiate Into Functional Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Repair Bone Defects
Authors: Sheyn Dmitriy , Ben-David Shiran , Shapiro Galina , De Mel Sandra , Bez Maxim , Ornelas Loren , Sahabian Anais , Sareen Dhruv , Da Xiaoyu , Pelled Gadi , Tawackoli Wafa , Liu Zhenqiu , Gazit Dan , Gazit Zulma
Published: July 2016

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are currently the most established cells for skeletal tissue engineering and regeneration; however, their availability and capability of self-renewal are limited. Recent discoveries of somatic cell reprogramming may be used to overcome these challenges. We hypothesized that induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) that were differentiated into MSCs could be used for bone regeneration. Short-term exposure of embryoid bodies to transforming growth factor-β was used to direct iPSCs toward MSC differentiation. During this process, two types of iPSC-derived MSCs (iMSCs) were identified: early (aiMSCs) and late (tiMSCs) outgrowing cells. The transition of iPSCs toward MSCs was documented using MSC marker flow cytometry. Both types of iMSCs differentiated in vitro in response to osteogenic or adipogenic supplements. The results of quantitative assays showed that both cell types retained their multidifferentiation potential, although aiMSCs demonstrated higher osteogenic potential than tiMSCs and bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs). Ectopic injections of BMP6-overexpressing tiMSCs produced no or limited bone formation, whereas similar injections of BMP6-overexpressing aiMSCs resulted in substantial bone formation. Upon orthotopic injection into radial defects, all three cell types regenerated bone and contributed to defect repair. In conclusion, MSCs can be derived from iPSCs and exhibit self-renewal without tumorigenic ability. Compared with BM-MSCs, aiMSCs acquire more of a stem cell phenotype, whereas tiMSCs acquire more of a differentiated osteoblast phenotype, which aids bone regeneration but does not allow the cells to induce ectopic bone formation (even when triggered by bone morphogenetic proteins), unless in an orthotopic site of bone fracture.

Significance

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are currently the most established cells for skeletal tissue engineering and regeneration of various skeletal conditions; however, availability of autologous MSCs is very limited. This study demonstrates a new method to differentiate human fibroblast-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to cells with MSC properties, which we comprehensively characterized including differentiation potential and transcriptomic analysis. We showed that these iPS-derived MSCs are able to regenerate nonunion bone defects in mice more efficiently than bone marrow-derived human MSCs when overexpressing BMP6 using a nonviral transfection method.
Survival and Functionality of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Oligodendrocytes in a Nonhuman Primate Model for Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Thiruvalluvan Arun , Czepiel Marcin , Kap Yolanda A. , Mantingh-Otter Ietje , Vainchtein Ilia , Kuipers Jeroen , Bijlard Marjolein , Baron Wia , Giepmans Ben , Brück Wolfgang , ’t Hart Bert A. , Boddeke Erik , Copray Sjef
Published: July 2016

Fast remyelination by endogenous oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) is essential to prevent axonal and subsequent retrograde neuronal degeneration in demyelinating lesions in multiple sclerosis (MS). In chronic lesions, however, the remyelination capacity of OPCs becomes insufficient. Cell therapy with exogenous remyelinating cells may be a strategy to replace the failing endogenous OPCs. Here, we differentiated human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into OPCs and validated their proper functionality in vitro as well as in vivo in mouse models for MS. Next, we intracerebrally injected hiPSC-derived OPCs in a nonhuman primate (marmoset) model for progressive MS; the grafted OPCs specifically migrated toward the MS-like lesions in the corpus callosum where they myelinated denuded axons. hiPSC-derived OPCs may become the first therapeutic tool to address demyelination and neurodegeneration in the progressive forms of MS.

Significance

This study demonstrates for the first time that human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), after intracortical implantation in a nonhuman primate model for progressive multiple sclerosis (MS), migrate to the lesions and remyelinate denuded axons. These findings imply that human iPSC-OPCs can be a therapeutic tool for MS. The results of this feasibility study on the potential use of hiPSC-derived OPCs are of great importance for all MS researchers focusing on the stimulation of remyelination in MS patients. Further optimization and research on practical issues related to the safe production and administration of iPSC-derived cell grafts will likely lead to a first clinical trial in a small group of secondary progressive MS patients. This would be the first specific therapeutic approach aimed at restoring myelination and rescuing axons in MS patients, since there is no treatment available for this most debilitating aspect of MS.
Siromaštvo – društvena pojava (i proces) u globalnom društvu
Authors: Vilić Dragana , Nišić Vanja
Published: July 2016

U radu se analizira problem siromaštva u globalnom društvu – njegovo savremeno poimanje, njegovi uzroci, rasprostranjenost, kategorije stanovništva izložene riziku siromaštva (socijalna distribucija siromaštva) i posljedice koje ono ima za pojedinca i za društvo. U savremenom društvu pojam siromaštva se ne odnosi samo na oskudicu materijalnih dobara, širi se i na različite sfere – sferu socijalnih odnosa, potrošnje, stanovanja, obrazovanja, zdravlja, zaposlenosti, prava na prirodna bogatstva i sl. Postoje brojni uzroci siromaštva u savremenom društvu (individualna odgovornost pojedinaca, širi društveni procesi i strukturni faktori, prirodne katastrofe), a među njima najviše se izdvaja neravnomjerna distribucija prihoda i resursa unutar zemalja i na globalnom nivou u prethodne tri decenije. U svim društvima mogu se zapaziti kategorije stanovništva koje su izložene riziku od siromaštva ili su neposredno pogođene siromaštvom: dugotrajno nezaposleni, stari, mladi, žene i sl. Siromaštvo ima posljedice za društvo (socio-patološke pojave, slabljenje socijalne kohezije, opterećenje fondova socijalne sigurnosti) i za pojedinca (konflikti, neuroze, lična nezadovoljstva, socijalna isključenost, bolest, smrt i sl.). Postoje različiti načini i preporuke za suočavanje sa siromaštvom i njegovim iskorijenjivanjem u savremenom društvu.
Eтичка и онтолошка димензија Кјеркегоровог поимања слободе
Authors: Тепић Југослав Вук
Published: July 2016

Полазећи од става да је слобода једна од незаобилазних идеја егзистенцијалне филозофије, али и филозофије уопште, разматраћемо етичке и онтолошке аспекте промишљања слободе у Кјеркегоровој филозофији. Сматрамо да егзистенцијална филозофија, промишљана у свим њеним варијантама, представља онај хоризонт или начин филозофског поимања феномена слободе, у коме се слобода мисли интегрално, па се онда може говорити о јединственом патосу онтолошке и етичке димензије, гдје се оне показују подједнако важним. Слобода тако доминира Кјеркегоровим одређењем индивидуе, са-одређује све њене скоковите етапе али и непрестано чини могућим смисао бивствовања човјековог.
КРИТИКА РАДА ПОРТРЕТ КРАЉА МИЛУТИНА
Authors: Бабић Борис
Published: July 2016

У 21. броју часописа за друштвене и хуманистичке науке „Радови“ објављен је стручни рад Милорада Б. Пантелића под насловом Портрет краља Милутина.Узимајући у обзир да овај по обиму невелик рад, има значајан број садржајних погрешака, које су методолошког, али и чињеничног карактера, сматрам да је потребно указати на ове пропусте и понудити одговарајућа објашњења...
Nursing interventions in the management of patients with acute myocardial infarction / Sestrinske intervencije u zbrinjavanju bolesnika sa akutnim infarktom miokarda
Authors: Ognjenović Areta
Published: July 2016

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading health problems of today and the leading cause of death worldwide. Occurrence of CVD risk factors contribute most, unhealthy diet and sedentary lifestyle. Most CVD could be prevented by addressing risk factors (smoking, obesity, physical inactivity, high blood pressure, diabetes and elevated lipids) improving nutrition and socio-economic conditions of life. The most common form of coronary heart disease, acute myocardial infarction (MI), which is characterized by high mortality and major functional deficit, and its management require urgent, contemporary and appropriate therapy which involved a team of doctors and nurses - technicians. Each participant in a team which cares for people with IM should be as professionally qualified and theoretically. In this team nurses - technicians play an important role especially in coronary care units. A nurse in the coronary care unit not only provides patient care he needs and to mediate between patients and doctors, but also responsible for the observation of the patient by the minute and begin therapy on its own initiative when necessary. The role of nurses requires a stable, intelligent person, enthusiastic with good human relations. It should be left to the patient’s impression of the competence, experience and understanding.
The role and tasks of nurses / technicians in the field of mental health reform process in the mental health care system in Bosnia and Herzegovina / Uloga i zadaci medicinske sestre/tehničara u oblasti mentalnog zdravlja u reformskom procesu sistema zaštite mentalnog zdravlja u Bosni i Hercegovini
Authors: Brkić Igor , Milanović Dejan
Published: July 2016

The problems within the nursing and care for mental health in BiH are numerous and severe. The burden caused by mental disorders is significant and there are increased needs of the population for services in the field of mental health that the current health care system is not successful for answering. In addition, there are significant difficulties in continuing the reform process.Results of research conducted from 2008 09th “Analysis of the situation and evaluation of mental health services in the community in Bosnia and Herzegovina” indicate increased needs of the population for services from the field of mental health, but poor socio-economic conditions make the health care system can not provide. Start reform processes have stalled and do not meet the population’s needs in the field of mental health.Since 1996, Bosnia and Herzegovina embarked on a reform of mental health care, putting the focus on care in the community, and to date there has been some progress in the reform of mental health services, and the development and strengthening of nursing personnel in the field of mental health and their professional development. Mental health care in the community requires continuity in the exchange of information and links between professionals (nurses / technicians) and service users, family members / guardian, the various agencies and institutions, as part of the overall health care.Protected housing, as part of the “stepped care” appears as an alternative to hospitalization, chronic psychotic person. Studies have shown that the degree of psychopathology and addiction higher among users who are placed in institutions for chronic accommodation, but with users who are located in a protected home which is confirmed by our experience.People with mental health problems have a need for security, both in the personal as well as in socio-economic terms, the need for belonging and support. Providing successful care mentally ill in the community is the greatest challenge facing the profession, both in Bosnia and in the whole of Europe.
New insight into the role of MMP14 in metabolic balance
Authors: Mori Hidetoshi , Bhat Ramray , Bruni-Cardoso Alexandre , Chen Emily I. , Jorgens Danielle M. , Coutinho Kester , Louie Katherine , Bowen Benjamin Ben , Inman Jamie L. , Tecca Victoria , Lee Sarah J. , Becker-Weimann Sabine , Northen Trent , Seiki Motoharu , Borowsky Alexander D. , Auer Manfred , Bissell Mina J.
Published: July 2016

Membrane-anchored matrix metalloproteinase 14 (MMP14) is involved broadly in organ development through both its proteolytic and signal-transducing functions. Knockout ofMmp14(KO)inmice results in a dramatic reduction of body size and wasting followed by premature death, the mechanism of which is poorly understood. Since the mammary gland develops after birth and is thus dependent for its functional progression on systemic and local cues, we chose it as an organ model for understanding why KO mice fail to thrive. A global analysis of the mammary glands’ proteome in the wild type (WT) and KO mice provided insight into an unexpected role of MMP14 in maintaining metabolism and homeostasis. We performed mass spectrometry and quantitative proteomics to determine the protein signatures of mammary glands from 7 to 11 days old WT and KO mice and found that KO rudiments had a significantly higher level of rate-limiting enzymes involved in catabolic pathways. Glycogen and lipid levels in KO rudiments were reduced, and the circulating levels of triglycerides and glucose were lower. Analysis of the ultrastructure of mammary glands imaged by electron microscopy revealed a significant increase in autophagy signatures in KO mice. Finally,Mmp14silenced mammary epithelial cells displayed enhanced autophagy. Applied to a systemic level, these findings indicate that MMP14 is a crucial regulator of tissue homeostasis. If operative on a systemic level, these findings could explain howMmp14KO litter fail to thrive due to disorder in metabolism.
Emerging concepts for the in vitro derivation of murine haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells
Authors: Garcia‐Alegria Eva , Menegatti Sara , Batta Kiran , Cuvertino Sara , Florkowska Magdalena , Kouskoff Valerie
Published: July 2016

Well into the second decade of the 21st century, the field of regenerative medicine is bursting with hopes and promises to heal young and old. The bespoken generation of cells is thought to offer unprecedented cures for a vast range of diseases. Haematological disorders have already benefited tremendously from stem cell therapy in the form of bone marrow transplantation. However, lack of compatible donors often means that patients remain on transplantation waiting lists for too long. The in vitro derivation of haematopoietic stem cells offers the possibility to generate tailor‐made cells for the treatment of these patients. Promising approaches to generate in vitro‐derived blood progenitors include the directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells and the reprogramming of somatic cells.
On the energy budgets of fragmenting rockfalls and rockslides: Insights from experiments
Authors: Haug Øystein Thordén , Rosenau Matthias , Leever Karen , Oncken Onno
Published: July 2016

The travel lengths of rockfalls and rockslides can be difficult to predict due to complex interactions of numerous physical processes, such as fragmentation of the rock mass and its effect on the energy dissipation through basal and internal friction. Previous studies have shown that the front of the rockslide deposits travels farther with increased fragmentation. However, little is known about the displacement of the center of mass, which is the relevant parameter for studying the energy budget, leaving open the question whether fragmentation acts as an effective sink or source of energy. Taking advantage of a newly developed rock analogue material, we perform a total of 109 experiments to study the effect of fragmentation on the displacement of the center of mass and the energy budget of experimental rockslides. To determine the degree of fragmentation, we define a characteristic fragment size from the total mass of the experimental sample and the mass of the largest fragment. The degree of fragmentation is seen to depend linearly on the aspect ratio of the experimental sample and as a power law on its cohesion. Similar to the previous studies, our results show that the travel distance of the front of the deposits increases with the degree of fragmentation. In contrast, displacement of the center of mass is reduced with the degree of fragmentation, suggesting increased energy consumption, consistent with the assumption that fragmentation acts effectively as an energy sink.
Large‐scale precipitation tracking and the MJO over the Maritime Continent and Indo‐Pacific warm pool
Authors: Kerns Brandon W. , Chen Shuyi S.
Published: July 2016

A large‐scale precipitation tracking (LPT) method is developed to track convection and precipitation associated with the Madden‐Julian oscillation (MJO) using the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission 3B42 rainfall data from October to March 1998–2015. LPT uses spatially smoothed 3 day rainfall accumulation to identify and track precipitation features in time with a minimum size of 300,000 km2 and time continuity at least 10 days. While not all LPT systems (LPTs) are attributable to the MJO, among the 199 LPTs, there were 42 with a mean eastward propagation of at least 2 m s−1, which are considered to be MJO convective initiation events. These LPTs capture the diversity of the MJO convection, which is not well depicted by the Real‐time Multivariate MJO (RMM) index or the outgoing longwave radiation MJO index. During the 17 years, there were 17 instances out of 45 with a MJO signature in the RMM without eastward propagating LPTs. Among the 42 eastward propagating LPTs, 24 propagated across the Maritime Continent (MC), which confirms the MC barrier effect. Among the cases that crossed the MC from the Indian Ocean to the western Pacific (MC crossing), 18 (75%) had a significant MJO signature in the RMM index. In contrast, only six (33%) of the non‐MC‐crossing cases occurred with a RMM MJO signal. There is a significant seasonal and interannual variability with MC‐crossing LPTs occurring in December more commonly than other months. More MC‐crossing events were observed during La Niña than El Niño, which is consistent with the observations of stronger and more frequent MJO events identified by RMM during La Niña years.
Global change effects on humid tropical forests: Evidence for biogeochemical and biodiversity shifts at an ecosystem scale
Authors: Cusack Daniela F. , Karpman Jason , Ashdown Daniel , Cao Qian , Ciochina Mark , Halterman Sarah , Lydon Scott , Neupane Avishesh
Published: July 2016

Government and international agencies have highlighted the need to focus global change research efforts on tropical ecosystems. However, no recent comprehensive review exists synthesizing humid tropical forest responses across global change factors, including warming, decreased precipitation, carbon dioxide fertilization, nitrogen deposition, and land use/land cover changes. This paper assesses research across spatial and temporal scales for the tropics, including modeling, field, and controlled laboratory studies. The review aims to (1) provide a broad understanding of how a suite of global change factors are altering humid tropical forest ecosystem properties and biogeochemical processes; (2) assess spatial variability in responses to global change factors among humid tropical regions; (3) synthesize results from across humid tropical regions to identify emergent trends in ecosystem responses; (4) identify research and management priorities for the humid tropics in the context of global change. Ecosystem responses covered here include plant growth, carbon storage, nutrient cycling, biodiversity, and disturbance regime shifts. The review demonstrates overall negative effects of global change on all ecosystem properties, with the greatest uncertainty and variability in nutrient cycling responses. Generally, all global change factors reviewed, except for carbon dioxide fertilization, demonstrate great potential to trigger positive feedbacks to global warming via greenhouse gas emissions and biogeophysical changes that cause regional warming. This assessment demonstrates that effects of decreased rainfall and deforestation on tropical forests are relatively well understood, whereas the potential effects of warming, carbon dioxide fertilization, nitrogen deposition, and plant species invasions require more cross‐site, mechanistic research to predict tropical forest responses at regional and global scales.
Effects of changes in rock microstructures on permeability: 3‐D printing investigation
Authors: Head D. , Vanorio T.
Published: July 2016

Rocks are naturally heterogeneous; two rock samples with identical bulk properties can vary widely in microstructure. Understanding how the microstructure and bulk properties of rocks then evolve during experiments and computations simulating diagenesis is inherently a multiscale problem. The advent of modern 3‐D printing has provided an unprecedented opportunity to link those scales by combining the strengths of digital and experimental rock physics. In this study, we take a computerized tomography‐scanned model of a natural carbonate pore space then iteratively digitally manipulate, 3‐D print, and measure the flow properties in the laboratory. This approach allows us to access multiple scales digitally and experimentally and test hypotheses about how changes in rock microstructure due to compaction and dissolution affect bulk transport properties in a repeatable manner.
Response of the equatorial ionosphere to the geomagnetic DP 2 current system
Authors: Yizengaw E. , Moldwin M. B. , Zesta E. , Magoun M. , Pradipta R. , Biouele C. M. , Rabiu A. B. , Obrou O. K. , Bamba Z. , de Paula E. R.
Published: July 2016

The response of equatorial ionosphere to the magnetospheric origin DP 2 current system fluctuations is examined using ground‐based multiinstrument observations. The interaction between the solar wind and magnetosphere generates a convection electric field that can penetrate to the ionosphere and cause the DP 2 current system. The quasiperiodic DP 2 current system, which fluctuates coherently with fluctuations of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) Bz, penetrates nearly instantaneously to the dayside equatorial region at all longitudes and modulates the electrodynamics that governs the equatorial density distributions. In this paper, using magnetometers at high and equatorial latitudes, we demonstrate that the quasiperiodic DP 2 current system penetrates to the equator and causes the dayside equatorial electrojet (EEJ) and the independently measured ionospheric drift velocity to fluctuate coherently with the high‐latitude DP 2 current as well as with the IMF Bz component. At the same time, radar observations show that the ionospheric density layers move up and down, causing the density to fluctuate up and down coherently with the EEJ and IMF Bz.
Modeling physical chemistry of the Io plasma torus in two dimensions
Authors: Copper M. , Delamere P. A. , Overcast‐Howe K.
Published: July 2016

Periodicities in the Io plasma illustrate the rich complexity of magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling in space plasmas. The confounding System IV period (slower than the rotation of Jupiter's magnetic field ≡ System III) remains a mystery of the torus. Common to both System III and IV are modulations of the superthermal electron population. The small fraction (<1%) of hot electrons plays a vital role in torus physical and chemical properties, modulating the abundance and temperature of ion species. Building on previous models of torus physical chemistry, we have developed a two‐dimensional model that includes azimuthal and radial transport (diffusion equation) while averaging chemical processes in latitude. This paper presents initial results of the model, demonstrating the role of hot electrons in forming a single‐peaked torus structure. The effect of azimuthal shear is investigated as plasma is transported radially outward, showing how the torus properties evolve during transport from a chemically dominated regime (inner torus) to a transport dominated regime (outer torus). Surprisingly, we find that hot electron populations influence torus properties at all radial distances. While many of our results are preliminary, suggestions for future modeling experiments are suggested to provide additional insight into the origin of the ubiquitous superthermal electrons.
Right‐hand polarized 4fce auroral roar emissions: 2. Nonlinear generation theory
Authors: Yoon P. H. , LaBelle J. , Weatherwax A. T.
Published: July 2016

Auroral roar emissions are commonly interpreted as Z (or upper hybrid) mode naturally excited by precipitating auroral electrons. Subsequent conversion to escaping radiation makes it possible for these emissions to be detected on the ground. Most emissions are detected as having left‐hand (L) circular (or ordinary O) polarization, but the companion paper presents a systematic experimental study on the rare occurrence of the right‐hand polarized, or equivalently, extraordinary (X) mode 4fce emission. A similar observation was reported earlier by Sato et al. (2015). The suggested emission mechanism is the nonlinear coalescence of two upper hybrid roars at 2fce. The present paper formulates a detailed theory for such an emission mechanism.