bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of the dynamics of external load changes in the aspect of the lower limit response time of the competitors of mixed martial arts (MMA) taking into account weight categories and sport experience
Authors: IGNATJEVA ANGELINA , NITYCHORUK MAGDALENA , TERBALYAN ARTUR , LANGER ALAN , WACEK AGATA , MASZCZYK ADAM
Published: October 2021

Background: The main aim of this study is to analyze the influence of the external load on the reaction time of the lower limbs of mixed martial arts fighters. Material and methods: The research group consisted of 31 senior MMA fighters (with training experience of at least 10 years, divided into two weight categories: light (66-70 kg) and heavy (over 93 kg) and each of them into two categories: intermediate and advanced). The Keizer Leg Press pneumatic device (Keizer, Fresno, CA, USA) was used to evaluate the reaction time of the lower limbs of MMA fighters. The subjects performed a 20-minute warm-up and then worked on the Keizer Leg Press measuring device according to the manufacturer's protocol. Based on this data, a 10 single repetitions test was performed. The value of the external resistance and the time to the next repetition were not changed to obtain the measurement data. Results: The obtained results indicate a constant deterioration of the value of the RTLBL and RTLL variable when increasing the external load in both studied groups. In the case of advanced players in the 66-70 kg weight group, a clear (statistically significant) increase in the value of the RTLBL and RTLL variable occurred from 70% 1RM, while in the intermediate group it was from 50% 1RM, and from 80% 1RM in the weight category above 93 in both study groups. Growth dynamics was lower in the advanced group in both tested weight categories. Conclusions: Performing the progression of the external load may allow the detection of the dominance of one lower limb and determination of the dynamics of differences in the reaction time of the frontal and back limb in MMA fighters.
Kinesio taping – a healing and supportive method in various fields of medicine, dentistry, sport and physiotherapy
Authors: JARON ALEKSANDRA , KONKOL BERENIKA , GABRYSZ-TRYBEK EWA , BLADOWSKA JOANNA , GRZYWACZ ANNA , NEDJAT ARMIN , TRYBEK GRZEGORZ
Published: October 2021

Kinesio taping (KT) is a method of elastic taping, created in the 1970s by a Japanese chiropractor, Dr. Kenzo Kase. The aim of this study was to present KT techniques and its application in various fields of medicine, sports and rehabilitation. The publications used in this paper were sourced from the PubMed and the Google Scholar databases. The keywords used to search databases included KT, Kinesio taping, medicine, dentistry and sport. Based on this study, it can be concluded that KT is the most recommendable method. Its use is being increasingly popular in many fields of medicine. It can be considered as an alternative for painkillers, especially in patients for whom the use of painkillers is not advisable or ineffective due to their condition. KT is well tolerated by patients and saves time; therefore, its use should be taken into account in various medical environments. In order to use this method, one should complete specialized courses, which, on the one hand, provide theoretical basis for its use, and on the other hand, teach how to choose original tapes in a practical way, as well as apply appropriate techniques in order to observe and compare the effects of one’s work – therapy and treatment.
Comparison of sprint interval and continuous endurance training on oxidative stress and antioxidant adaptations in young healthy adults
Authors: RUDARLI NALCAKAN GULBIN , ONUR ECE , ORAN ARZU , VAROL S. RANA
Published: October 2021

Background: Different intensities of exercise induce varying levels of reactive oxygen species, causing oxidative stress. However, regular physical training enhances the antioxidant system and protects tissues by oxidative stress. This study aimed to investigate the difference in markers between time-efficient low-volume high intensity interval (sprint interval training: SIT) and traditional high-volume low-intensity methods (continuous endurance training: CET) regarding oxidative stress and antioxidant levels. Material and methods: Fifteen male volunteers were divided into two groups according to their VO2max levels. The SIT program consisted of 4–6 Wingate all-out sprints with a 4.5 min recovery, while CET consisted of 30–50 min cycling at 60% VO2max for seven weeks. Total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels were examined in pre and post-intervention. Results: Increases in GSH-Px (30% vs. 55%), TOS (33% vs. 18%) and a significant decrease in MDA (8.6%, p<0.003; 6.8%, p<0.016) in CET and SIT were observed, respectively. By contrast, TAS decreased (62%) after CET and increased (17%) after SIT. No significant differences in these parameters were reported after the training period between SIT and CET groups. Conclusions: SIT was suggested as a safe exercise model to improve general health and the performance of traditional CET.
The relative age-related participation trends in European Badminton
Authors: BILGIC MERT , DEVRILMEZ ERHAN
Published: October 2021

Background: T he purpose of this study was to identify the relative age effect (RAE) in European youth badminton through examining participation trends. Material and methods: T he birthdate distributions of 1909 badminton players (males = 994, females = 915) participating in the last three consecutive European U15, U17 and Junior (U19) Badminton Championships were analysed. Chi-square (χ²) goodness-of-fit tests were used to determine inter-quartile differences, and odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated in order to compare quartiles with each other. Results: Statistically significant over-representation of players born shortly after the cut-off date was determined. Regarding gender, RAE was more notable in males compared to females, and the strongest results were determined in U15 compared to the other age categories. Moreover, striking trends were determined in Q1–Q4 comparisons, particularly as players in Q1 were more than twice for females and thrice for males as likely to participate in the European Badminton Championships. Conclusions: F indings of this study confirm the presence of RAE in European youth badminton though decreasing its intensity with age. Certain precautions or different approaches should be taken into consideration to organize the age categories, such as biological markers, variations, rotations or age quota for equal opportunities.
The effectiveness of functional training on static balance, dynamic balance and flexibility of females with intellectual disability
Authors: FARROKHIAN SAKINEH , HEMATI ALAMDARLOO GHORBAN , ASADMANESH ENAYATOLLAH
Published: October 2021

Background: Children with intellectual disability (ID) have less balance and flexibility than typically developing peers. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of functional training on static balance, dynamic balance and flexibility of female students with intellectual disability. Material/Methods: The research method was pre-test – post-test with a control group. The statistical population consisted of all female students with ID in elementary school of Shiraz studying under the auspices of the Special Education Organization in 2018–2019. The participants included 30 female students with ID selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to the experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups. The experimental group received functional training for 15 sessions, while the control group did not receive any intervention. The Single leg stance test was used for measuring static balance; the Tandem gait test was used for measuring dynamic balance, and the Sit and Reach test was used for measuring flexibility. The collected data were analyzed using ANCOVA. Results: The results showed that functional training had a significant effect on static and dynamic balance and flexibility of female students with intellectual disability (p<0.05). Conclusions: It is recommended that functional training be given special attention by educators, teachers and child education experts.
Too masculine for healthcare, too feminine for intense sports: correlation between gender conformity and pro-health behaviours
Authors: PAWLOWSKA ALEKSANDRA , LIPOWSKA KORNELIA , KROKOSZ DANIEL
Published: October 2021

Background: The goal of this paper is to examine to what extent levels of femininity and masculinity are associated with practicing several types of health behaviours among individuals who are physically active and inactive. Material/Methods: A total of 559 individuals aged between 35 and 45 (M = 39.4; SD = 3.2) took part in the study. The inactive group consisted of 211 individuals (n = 85 women, n = 126 men), and the active group consisted of 348 individuals (n = 131 women, n = 217 men). The participants completed the following pen-and-paper questionnaires: the Psychological Gender Inventory, the Health Behaviours Inventory, and the Inventory of Physical Activity Objectives. Results: Physical activity and androgynous psychological gender were shown to be associated with the levels of health behaviours in men and women. Among men, femininity turned out to be a factor protective against hegemonic masculinity, while among women it was observed that it is mainly masculinity that correlates with health behaviours. Physical activity was associated with a better psychological attitude. Conclusion: It is possible to treat physical activity as a protective factor against decreased mood and an aid in coping with decreased mood. Society and culture should encourage the development of femininity and masculinity from the earliest years. Future research on masculinity and femininity and pro-health behaviours should be aimed at looking for ways to promote physical activity among undifferentiated individuals.
The relationship between perceived health outcomes of recreation, exercise dependence, and life satisfaction: A study with fitness center members
Authors: SERDAR EMRAH
Published: October 2021

Background: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between perceived health outcomes of recreation, exercise dependence, and life satisfaction among fitness center members. Material and methods: The study sample consisted of 490 participants, 336 males, and 154 females, who were members of a private fitness center in Istanbul. The participants were selected using a purposeful sampling method. Data collection tools included the Perceived Health Outcomes of Recreation Scale, developed by Gomez et al. and adapted to Turkish by Yerlisu Lapa et al., the Exercise Dependence-21 Scale, developed by Hausenblans and Downs and adapted by Gürbüz and Aşçı and the Life Satisfaction Scale developed by Diener et al. and adapted by Yetim. The data were analyzed using independent t-test, MANOVA, and Pearson correlation analysis. Results: The independent t-test results showed a significant difference in LSS scores by gender. MANOVA analysis results revealed that the main effect of gender on the sub-dimensions of PHORS was not significant, but there was a difference in the PSYC sub-dimension. Besides, the main effect of gender on ED-21 and all sub-dimensions was significant. Conclusions: There was a positive and moderate relationship between LSS and PHORS; a negative and low-level correlation between LSS and ED-21, and between PHORS and ED-21.
FORECASTING CHANGES IN THE STRUCTURE OF ASSETS AND CAPITAL OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES
Authors: Barabash Nataliia , Pashkuda Tetiana
Published: October 2021

The purpose of the study is to develop methodological approaches to forecasting changes in the structure of assets and capital of agricultural enterprises. Methodology. The information base of the article is presented by scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists. The research is based on scientific methods, among which it is expedient to distinguish: analysis and synthesis, comparison, idealization, and abstraction, as well as systematization and generalization – during the formulation of conclusions as a result of the study. Results. It is established that the agricultural sector of Ukraine has significant potential for further growth, but a number of problems hinder its development. Today, the stimulus is the system of land use and land relations, put into effect by lifting the moratorium on land sales. At present, the consequences of such reforms are unpredictable, as there are no clear and transparent rules of the «game» in the sector. It is found out that the most powerful participants in the agricultural market are agricultural holdings, which determine one of the goals of their activities is the development of infrastructure and expansion of influence in foreign markets. In modern economic conditions, the agricultural sector brings 15-20% of Ukraine's GDP annually, and despite the crisis of recent years, provides the population with high-quality products of its own production. Practical implications. One of the main problems in the implementation of working capital management policy is to determine the required amount and optimal composition, which is able to ensure the continuity of the enterprise, the maximum level of efficiency of funds. These problems are solved by forecasting the structure of working capital and forecasting its optimal amount. The urgency of the issue increases due to the fact that the problem of predicting the optimal size and structure of assets and capital challenges is caused by macroeconomic and macro-financial instability. Value/originality. Methodical approaches to forecasting changes in the structure of assets and capital are considered. It is proposed to use a system of indicators for calculations, including the following: growth rate of production and sales, a growth rate of product prices, projected operating costs, non-current assets at the beginning of the forecast period, projected investment, average depreciation rate of non-current assets, duration of production turnover inventories, the duration of collection of receivables, the average share of retained earnings in total profit from sales, the basic volume of production and sales, registered and annual invested capital of the enterprise.
Semantic Analysis of Musical and Artistic Content of F. Liszt’s “Transcendental Etudes” (Based on As-dur and f-moll Etudes)
Authors: Steyt Natalia Garievna
Published: October 2021

For more than a century and a half, Franz Liszt’s “Transcendental Etudes” have occupied one of the key places in pianists’ repertoire. The aim of the research is to reveal the main aspects of the artistic-figurative and symbolic content of this piano cycle by the example of two etudes - A-flat major and F-minor (№ 9-10) with the help of a complex musical-theoretical analysis. The scientific originality of the article lies in the author’s reference to the theme of motivational symbolism in the work under consideration: within the framework of semantic analysis, for the first time, special attention is paid to F. Liszt’s use of musical-rhetorical figures; the artistic connections of “Transcendental Etudes” with the works of other composers are analysed, and issues of semantics of tonalities are considered. As a result of the study of the analysed musical material and a systematic review of scientific and literary sources, Liszt revealed the sustainable use of characteristic techniques that reflect his conceptual representations in the formation of the semantic content of “Transcendental Etudes”, which is of key importance for the interpretation of artistic and musical images of the cycle.
L. Wittgenstein and Religious Education
Authors: Medvedev Nikolai Vladimirovich
Published: October 2021

The aim of the research is to reveal the applied significance of L. Wittgenstein’s philosophical ideas for religious education. The interpretation of Wittgenstein’s reflections on the preconditions of adherence to religious faith and its basis, the connection between religious beliefs and people’s everyday life, the nature of religious truth and the existence of God is presented. The scientific originality of the research consists in defining several didactic principles of teaching religion, based on Wittgenstein’s arguments. As a result, it has been revealed that Wittgenstein’s reflections on religion are directly related to the problem of teaching religion at school and can have a positive influence on the theory and practice of spiritual and moral education.
AFRICAN TOURISM IN UNCERTAIN TIMES: COVID-19 RESEARCH PROGRESS
Authors:   University of Johannesburg, School of Tourism & Hospitality, College of Business and Economics, Bunting Road, Johannesburg, South Africa, ROGERSON Christian M. , ROGERSON Jayne M. ,   University of Johannesburg, School of Tourism & Hospitality, College of Business and Economics, Bunting Road, Johannesburg, South Africa
Published: October 2021

COVID-19 is a trigger event which is changing the complexion of African tourism and the directions of African tourism research. This article offers an overview and commentary on the state of African research produced during the uncertain times of 2020-2021 in specific response to the immediate impacts and changes which have been catalysed by the pandemic. The article is a progress report to capture and profile the body of focussed contributions on COVID-19 and tourism which have appeared for sub-Saharan Africa. Further, it is a contribution towards strengthening our understanding of tourism and change in the Global South. Overall, the discussion serves to highlight an emerging African scholarship which is engaged on a range of issues around three core themes of ramification, adaptation and transformation.
Two Cantatas for Soprano and Chamber Ensemble
Authors: Clérambault Louis-Nicolas
Published: October 2021

These are two of the more unfamiliar solo cantatas, from 1716, by the most renowned French cantata composer of the eighteenth century. L’ile de Délos is scored for violins, flutes, and continuo, and La muse de l’opéra is for strings, flute, oboes, bassoons, trumpet, timpani, and continuo.
Selected Piano Works, Part 1
Authors: Dussek Jan Ladislav
Published: October 2021

Highly acclaimed as one of the early concert pianists, Dussek's brilliant piano music has been unjustifiably neglected for many years—an oversight corrected in part with this publication. The first volume in this set presents two large sonatas for four-hand piano in C major (op. 32) and F major (op. 73). The C major sonata, in particular, displays masterful handling of musical materials, ranges widely harmonically, and makes effective use of piano sonorities.
The Collected Works
Authors: de Fossa Johann
Published: October 2021

Johann de Fossa served as second kapellmeister at the Munich court from 1568 to 1594, when he succeeded Orlando di Lasso as kapellmeister and held this position until his death. In his sacred concertos, Fossa made a significant contribution to the early development of an independent continuo part.
Three Masses
Authors: de Vivanco Sebastian
Published: October 2021

This edition of representative sacred works by Vivanco substantially widens our view of the Renaissance in Spain. Two of the three masses presented here (Misa O quam suavis es and Missa Beata Maria Virgine in Sabbato) contain striking examples of contrapuntal virtuosity with a complexity of style rare in the late sixteenth century. The Missa Sexti toni, on the other hand, presents a contrast in its harmonic clarity and simpler melodic style.
Seven Masses, Part 1
Authors: Ruffo Vincenzo
Published: October 2021

The early masses, from printed collections of 1542 and 1557, reveal Ruffo's command of contrapuntal techniques and traditions; two of these works are based on motets by Richafort and Jacquet of Mantua.
Experimental Study of Natural Convection in a Closed Cavity (Static Type Domestic Fridge)
Authors: Adnan Maryem Kanaan , Mussa Munther Abdullah
Published: October 2021

This work provides an analysis of the thermal flow and behavior of the (load-free) refrigerator compartment. The main goal was to compare the thermal behavior inside the refrigerator cavity to the freezer door (home refrigerator) effect and install a fan on the freezer door while neglecting the heat transmitted by thermal radiation. Moreover, the velocity distribution, temperature, and velocity path lines are theoretically studied. This was observed without affecting the shelves inside the cabinet and the egg and butter places on the refrigerator door as they were removed and the aluminum door replaced with a glass door. This study aims to expand our knowledge about the temperature and flow fields of this refrigerator model. Finally, the development of this work highlights the importance of numerical simulation in the search for improvements in the design of this refrigerator model, which may assist refrigerator manufacturers.
Sponsorlu İçerik Özelinde Elektronik Ağızdan Ağıza İletişim: Nitel Bir Araştırma
Authors: UĞURHAN Yusuf Zafer Can
Published: October 2021

Günümüzde, tüketicilerin yakın sosyal çevreleriyle sınırlı olan ağızdan ağıza iletişim, elektronik ağızdan ağıza iletişime dönüşerek zaman ile mekân sınırlarını kaldırmış ve daha geniş bir kitleye ulaşabilir bir duruma gelmiştir. Sosyal medya platformları sayesinde kullanıcılar, elektronik ağızdan ağıza iletişim aracılığıyla marka deneyimlerini diğer kullanıcılarla paylaşabilmektedir. Bu deneyimler, özellikle kullanıcılar satın alma kararı verirken önemli olabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada Instagram kullanıcılarının deneyimleri çerçevesinde platformda eWOM gerçekleştirirken hangi unsurları değerlendirdiklerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmış ve nitel araştırma yönteminin desenlerinden biri olarak fenomenolojik desenden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma verisi, yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniği aracılığıyla toplanmış ve ölçüm aracı, sosyal medya platformlarında vasıtasıyla amaca yönelik örneklemeyle ulaşılan 25 katılımcıya uygulanmıştır. Yapılan nitel içerik analizi neticesinde, elektronik ağızdan ağıza iletişim gerçekleştirme unsurları; nedenleri, ölçütleri ve gerçekleştirilen platformlar olmak üzere üç temada ortaya çıkmıştır. Katılımcıların elektronik ağızdan ağıza iletişimi sponsorlu içeriklerde yer alan ürünleri/hizmetleri tavsiye etmek, istişare etmek, indirime giren ürünleri/hizmetleri konuşmak ve araştırma yapmak amacıyla gerçekleştirdikleri bulunmuştur.
Evaluation of Native Rooster Based on Breeding Value of trait of Macroscopic and Microscopic Semen Quality
Authors: Sutiyono Sutiyono , Kurnianto E. , Sutopo Sutopo , Ariyanto D. K. , Samsudewa D.
Published: October 2021

The aim of this research is to a determined the breeding value of native roosters based on macroscopic and microscopic semen. Ten native roosters were used in this research. Complete individual cage, semen collection tools and substance, macroscopic and microscopic tools, and substance were used in this research. The native rooster was rested for 2 weeks. Massage techniques were used for semen collection. Parameters observed were volume, pH, color, viscosity, smell, sperm concentration, and sperm livability. The semen collection was repeated 5 times. One-way analysis of variances was used for data analysis with the tools SPSS 16. The breeding value was estimated based on primary traits of semen and calculated for each rooster to make a rank. The results showed that significant parameters (P<0,05) are semen volume and sperm concentration, while the non-significant parameters (P?0,05) are pH semen and sperm livability. Semen color is yellowish-white, semen viscosity is medium-viscous and smell is spermin. The results of breeding value rank are rooster numbers 6, 7, 5, 3, 2, 4, 8, 9, 10, and 1. The conclusion is the breeding value of Native roosters is varied. The recommendation is Native chicken breeding need to apply selection used breeding value based on semen quality.
Analysis of Flavonoids and Saponins of Contents in the Ration of Sheep Added with Multinutrient Block with Different Level of Papaya Leaves Flour
Authors: Arumsari A. , Mukodiningsih S. , Widiyanto Widiyanto
Published: October 2021

This study aimed to examine the composition of flavonoids and saponins in sheep rations added with multi-nutrient blocks with different levels of papaya leaves (0%, 2%, 4%, and 6%). The research design used was a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The treatment used was T0: sheep ration added MNB without papaya leaves flour, T1: sheep ration added MNB using 2% papaya leaves flour, T2: sheep ration added MNB using 4% papaya leaves flour, and T3: sheep ration added MNB using 6% papaya leaves flour. The parameters reviewed were flavonoids and saponins. The materials used were sheep ration (forage and concentrate), multi-nutrient blocks and papaya leaves flour. The method used is making complete rations, making MNB, and the analysis stage. The treatment used in the study was a complete ration, consisting of forage and concentrate added with multi-nutrient blocks with papaya leaf levels of 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6%. The results of the study were that sheep ration added MNB with different levels of papaya leaves flour did not show an increase in flavonoids and saponins. The highest flavonoids content was found at sheep ration added MNB using 4% papaya leaves flour while the highest saponin content was found at sheep ration added MNB using 6% papaya leaves flour.
Tugas pkn artikel kesehatan
Authors: Aprillia Sindy Lola
Published: October 2021

Hak adalah kekuasaan untuk berbuat sesuatu (karena telah ditentukan oleh undang-undang, aturan, dan sebagainya). Kewajiban adalah sesuatu yang wajib dilaksanakan, keharusan (sesuatu hal yang harus dilaksanakan). Kesehatan masyarakat adalah ilmu dan seni mencegah penyakit, memperpanjang hidup, dan meningkatkan kualitas hidup dengan melakukan upaya-upaya terorganisasi dan memberi pilihan informasi kepada masyarakat, organisasi, komunitas, dan individu. Covid 19 atau severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) adalah virus yang menyerang sistem pernafasan. Penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh jenis coronavirus yang baru ditemukan. Virus Corona bisa menyebabkan gangguan ringan pada sistem pernapasan, infeksi paru-paru yang berat, hingga kematian.
PENYALAH GUNAAN NARKOBA DI KALANGAN REMAJA
Authors: pratiwi Wanda pujaka Ade
Published: October 2021

Permasalahan narkoba di indonesia masih merupakan sesuatu yang bersifat urgent dan kompleks. Dalam kurun waktu satu dekade terakhir permasalahan ini menjadi marak. Terbukti dengan bertambahnya jumlah penyalahguna dan pecanu narkoba secara signifikan, sering meningkatnya pengungkapan kasus tindak kejahatan yang semakin beragam pola nya dan semakin masif pula jaringan sindikatnya. Masyarakat indonesia, bahkan masyarakat dunia, pada umum nya saat ini sedang di hadapkan pada keadaan yang sangat mengkhawatirkan akibat maraknya pemakaian macam-macam jenis narkoba secara ilegal. Kekhawatiran ini semakin di pertajam akibat marak nya peredaran gelap narkotika yang telah merebak di segala lapisan masyarakat, termasuk di kalangan generasi muda. Hal ini akan sangat berpengaruh terhadap kehidupan bangsa dan negara pada masa mendatang. Perilaku sebagian remaja yang secara nyata telah jauh mengabaikan nilai-nilai kaidah dan norma serta hukum yang berlaku di tengah kehidupan masyarakat menjadi salah satu penyebab maraknya penggunaan narkoba di kalangan generasi muda. Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari di tengah-tengah masih banyak di jumpai remaja yang masih melakukan penyalah gunaan narkoba.
Preschool Teachers' Opinions Towards to Multicultural Education
Authors: Ateş Ayten , Şahin Seda
Published: October 2021

It is almost impossible to talk about a monocultural society in the world that exist diversity and differences. Cultural diversity also makes its presence felt in schools, as in every atmosphere. Pre-school institutions, where children leave their home environment and are involved in the educational environment for the first time, are the places in which each child brings the cultural diversity of himself and his family, and in which peer interaction first occurs and develops. For these reasons, it is important to determine the views and practices of pre-school teachers about multiculturalism and its applications. In this study, a phenomenological research model, one of the qualitative research methods, was used by interviewing 23 preschool teachers working in official independent kindergartens in the city center of Diyarbakır. Data were collected through interviews with teachers, and content analysis was used in the analysis of the data. So far as the results of the research; it has been determined that the number of teachers who make arrangements in terms of multiculturalism in their classrooms is quite low, and the teachers who do not make arrangements for this, justify that the children in their classes are from Diyarbakır province or its surroundings, and ignore the cultural diversity of the province they work in. It was designated that all of the participants included the issues of respect for differences in their plans, and due to the pandemic, the diversity of teachers' activities for multiculturalism and respect for differences decreased. It has been determined that teachers focus on different themes and subjects due to the limited education period during the pandemic process. All the teachers participating in the study emphasized that it is more effective to address cultural issues in face-to-face education, however it was determined that they could not associate some of their practices with multiculturalism and respect for differences.
Clinical Review and Management of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders with Epithelial Dysplasia
Authors: Abdulhussain Mustafa Mohammed , Muhsin Ali Sami
Published: October 2021

Background: Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) comprise any disorders, tumors, in addition to any microscopic alterations that have a risk of malignant development of cancers of the mouth. When epithelial dysplasia is detected in an oral lesion, it is termed as a precancerous lesion. Finding: Several changes in the color or thickness of normal oral mucosa might be detected during the clinical diagnosis of the oral lesions. Leukoplakia of the oral cavity is a clinical name for one of the most predominant OPMDs of the oral mucosa. When comparing oral examination with naked eyes to planning to apply staining with special stain or using an image of optical fluorescence, the incidence of patients with oral epithelial dysplasia may rise, as well as the clearing of the lesion boundary. Increased size of more than 2cm2, the presence of colored regions with a red hue, the presence of lichenoid process characteristics, and severe epithelial dysplasia are all considered risk factors. One-third of premalignant lesions may progress to cancer, whereas the other two-thirds may stay stable or regress without progressing to malignancy. Conclusion: It is critical to research the patients' unique characteristics, which include psychological, genetic, dietary, and dental problems. When epithelial dysplasia is present in an oral lesion, it is termed a precancerous lesion. Oral potential malignant diseases with epithelial dysplasia may or may not develop into carcinoma and may or may not be recurrent.
TMEM71 expression associates with survival in triple negative breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: October 2021

We mined published microarray data (1) to understand the most significant gene expression differences in the tumors of triple negative breast cancer patients based on survival following treatment: dead or alive. We observed significant transcriptome-wide differential expression of transmembrane protein 71, encoded by TMEM71 when comparing the primary tumors of triple negative breast cancer patients dead or alive. Importantly, TMEM71 expression was correlated with overall survival in patients with human breast cancer. TMEM71 may be of relevance as a biomarker or as a molecule of interest in understanding the etiology or progression of triple negative breast cancer.
Investigation of Self-Efficacy Perceptions Regarding the 21st Century Skills of University Students Enrolled in Different Faculties
Authors: Köksoy Aylin Mentiş , Daşdemir İskender
Published: October 2021

The 21st-century skills are considered to be needed by individuals in a changing world. The aim of this research study is to determine whether or not the self-efficacy perceptions of students enrolled in the Faculty of Education, the Faculty of Literature, and the Faculty of Nursing (health) pertaining to the 21st-century skills cause any difference among the faculties. The population of the research is comprise of 1,056 students, 841 females and 215 males, at Ege University during the fall semester of the 2018-2019 academic year. “21st Century Skills Self-efficacy Perception” scale, which has 3 subdimensions such as “Learning and Renewal (LR) Skills,” “Life and Career (LC) Skills,” and “Information, Media and Technology (IMT) Skills,” is utilized in the study. The research study is designed in accordance with the causal-comparative model. In the data analysis, independent groups t-test is performed to detect differences in terms of gender, whereas the one-way analysis of variance) techniques are conducted to detect differences in terms of faculties. The margin of error is determined as .05 in the study. No significant difference is detected in the LR skills of university students in terms of the gender variable. It is found that a significant difference exists according to gender in the subdimension of LC skills. No significant difference is observed according to gender variable in the subdimension of IMT skills of university students. According to this result, the LC skills of female students are detected to be higher than that of male students. It is observed that the LR skills of the students in the faculty of education are higher than that of the students in the faculty of health sciences. It is determined that a significant difference exists in the LC skills of university students according to the faculty of education variable. It is determined that the LC skills of the students in both the faculties of education and literature are higher than that of the students in the faculty of health sciences. Furthermore, it is determined that the IMT skills of the students in the faculty of education and the faculty of literature are higher than that of the students in the faculty of health sciences.
Chemical Compound of Terminalia Catappa L. as Hemostatic Agents in Post Tooth Extraction
Authors: Sirat Ni Made , Senjaya Asep Arifin
Published: October 2021

Terminalia catappa L. is one of the herbal plants that contain flavonoids that play a role in wound healing including to bleeding after tooth extraction. The aim of our study was to identify the chemical compounds contained in Terminalia catappa L. leaves. This type of research was experimental. The sample in this study was the leaves of Terminalia catappa number 3-6 from the base, at a tree height of 6 meters picked as much as 6 kilograms. Data analysis qualitatively and quantitatively. The highest content in ethanol extract of Terminalia catappa L of saponins and alkaloids were fractioned with distilled water and the lowest content were fractioned with hexane. Meanwhile distilled water is also used to fractioned the highest content of tannins and phenol. While ethyl acetate was used to fractioned the lowest content of tannins and the highest content of flavonoid. The lowest flavonoid in distilled water extract was fractioned using hexane. For the lowest content of phenol was fractioned using hexane. The results show the highest content of saponins is 3,787.80 mg/100g, the lowest is 166.67 mg/100g. The highest content of Alkaloids is 1,798.57 mg/100g, and the lowest is 576.80 mg/100g. The highest content of tannins is 53,140.72 mg/100g, the lowest is 8,391,803 mg/100g. The highest content of flavonoids is 2,5964.14 mg/100g, the lowest flavonoid is 462.84 mg/100g. The highest content of phenol 29,968.05 mg/100g, the lowest is 225.46 mg/100g. The highest antioxidant activity with AAI (Antioxidant Activity Index) obtains value of 0.36. This shows the moderate antioxidant ability. Terminalia catappa L. contain saponins, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, and triterpenoids. The active compound of Terminalia catappa L will generally be produced optimally if a polar solvent is used.
Impact of Macroeconomic Variables, American Stock Market Index and Covid-19 Pandemic on Indonesia Capital Market Development (Time Series Study 1990-2020)
Authors: Rizqia Almira , Astuty Pudji , Subiyantoro Heru
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this study is 1.) To analyze the influence of foreign investment on the development of the Indonesian capital market. 2).To analyze the influence of the Exchange Rate on the Development of the Indonesian Capital Market. 3).To analyze the influence of the Interest Rate on the Development of the Indonesian Capital Market. 4).To analyze the influence of the Dow Jones Stock Market Index on the Development of the Indonesian Capital Market. 5).To analyze the influence of the Covid-19 Pandemic (dummy variable) on the Development of the Indonesian Capital Market.6). In this study, secondary data and library research were used as a technique for collecting data, using semi-annual data for the period 1990-2020. The research was processed using the EViews 11 program with the multiple linear regression method. The results of the research are known if 1.) Foreign Direct Investment has a significant and positive effect on Capital Market Development. 2.) Exchange Rates have a significant and positive influence on the Development of the Indonesian Capital Market. 3.) Interest Rates have a significant and negative effect on the Development of the Indonesian Capital Market. 4.) The Dow Jones Stock Market Index has a significant and positive effect on the Development of the Indonesian Capital Market. 5.) The Covid-19 pandemic had a significant and negative effect on the Development of the Indonesian Capital Market in the period 1990 to 2020. The results of this study are expected to contribute to policy holders regarding the role of macroeconomic variables on the development of the capital market, so that in the future it can be one of the references in conducting the policy mix so as to improve the development of the Indonesian capital market.
Multiple layers of crises in Lebanon
Authors: Le Tam-Tri
Published: October 2021

Lebanon is facing a nationwide power shortage on top of a severe economic crisis during a pandemic.
The Relationship Between the Digital Game Addiction Levels of Secondary and High School Students and Their Motivation for Participation in Physical Activity During the Pandemic Process
Authors: KESKİN Burçak , GÜVENDİ23 Burcu , KARAKOÇ Bilal , KAYA Selman , ÇETİN2 Onat
Published: October 2021

This study aims to determine the relationship between the digital game addiction levels of secondary and high school students and their motivation for participation in physical activity during the pandemic process. the study participants include a total of 322 students, 227 males, and 95 females, aged between 11 and 18. the game addiction scale for adolescents and the motivation scale for participation in physical activity were used as data collection tools in the study. in the statistical method of the study, descriptive statistics (frequency, arithmetic mean, standard deviation), t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey multiple comparisons, and Pearson correlation tests were used. In the research findings, it has been determined that there is a negative and low-level significant relationship between the individual reasons and causelessness sub-dimensions of the motivation scale for participation in physical activity and digital game addiction. there was a significant difference in the game addiction scale and sub-dimensions of the motivation for participation in physical activity according to the duration of digital gaming of the students and their education levels. A significant difference was determined in the motivation scale for participation in physical activity according to the branch variable, and in the scale of game addiction according to the situation of the parents’ setting limits on the duration of digital gaming. A significant difference was not found in either scale according to gender. As a result, it was observed that the more the motivation for participation in physical activity, the lower the digital game addiction.
Deadly Heat Exposure in an Urbanized World
Authors: Lohrey Steffen , Mora Camilo , Reckien Diana , Creutzig Felix
Published: October 2021

Climate-change exposes an increasing share of the world population to potentially lethal heat, a threat accentuated by rapid urbanization. Here, we project occurrence of future deadly heat for urban agglomerations around the world until 2080 by using CMIP6 climate model projections of temperature and relative humidity, urbanization prospects and GDP projections from the SSP scenarios. We show that while nearly all regions within latitudes 35°S - 45°N experience an increase in days of deadly heat, Sub-Saharan Africa and Southeastern Asia are particularly exposed, a trend exacerbated by rapid urbanization. By 2080, between 2.3 (59\%) (SSP1-2.6) and 3.0 (75\%) (SSP5-8.5) billion urban dwellers will experience more than 30 annual days of deadly heat, including 477 (66\%) - 546 (77\%) million in Sub-Saharan Africa and 988 (93\%) - 993 million (94\%) in South and South-Eastern Asia. The exposure to heat is highly unequal, with some of the poorest regions affected the most. Our results imply that jointly mitigating climate change, planning for well-ventilated cities, and combating poverty to enable economic access to air conditioning is required to avert a global-scale humanitarian crisis.
Application of counter-ion condensation in calculating the ion activity coefficients for interpreting the membrane selectivity
Authors: Wessling Matthias
Published: October 2021

The transport selectivity of different cations through cation exchange membranes (CEMs) could be estimated with the partition coefficient (K_j^i) and the cation mobility ratio in the membrane ((u_m^i)⁄(u_m^j )), which in turn can be related to corresponding membrane conductivity and dimensional swelling degree data [Journal of Membrane Science, 2020, 597, 117645]. This method has been validated in two hydrocarbon-based CEMs, and the obtained K+/Na+ selectivity equals to the one obtained with conventional electrodialysis (ED) method. However, the K+/Na+ selectivity of perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) membranes, and the bi-/monovalent cation (Mg2+/Na+) selectivity of all three types of CEMs estimated with this ionic conductivity experimental approach deviate noticeably from corresponding values obtained with ED. In this work, it is proved that this deviation is mostly due to the simplification of cation activity coefficients in the membrane. Here, the cation activity coefficients in three types of CEMs are calculated according to Manning`s counter-ion condensation model. In this model, the Manning parameter (ξ) characterizing the dimensionless linear charge density is determined by the average distance between two adjacent fixed sulfonate groups (b) and the permittivity of hydrated membranes (ε). In hydrocarbon-based CEMs, the average distance between fixed sulfonate groups can be estimated by assuming homogeneous distribution of the fixed groups, while in PFSA membranes three representative structure models are employed to estimate this average distance. After accounting for the cation activity coefficients in the membrane, the cation transport selectivity obtained with the ionic conductivity experimental approach agrees well with the selectivity obtained with the ED method. This work shows the importance of cation activity coefficients in the membrane phase in interpreting the membrane transport properties, and complements the proposed conductivity approach to characterize the counter-ion selectivity of ion exchange membranes.
A few remarks on "uncrowding" in visual stimuli
Authors: Skottun Bernt
Published: October 2021

Visual crowding occurs when a target stimulus is presented along with flanking stimuli. These tend to reduce the visibility of the target. It has been found that adding additional flanking stimuli may reduce the crowding effect. This has been termed "uncrowding". It has previously been demonstrated that interference in the stimuli may have effects similar to visual crowding. Interference takes place in the stimuli and is unrelated to vision. The question is then: Can adding additional flanking stimuli reduce the interference effect of initial flanking stimuli in a manner consistent with uncrowding. The present simple calculations indicate that this is very much a possibility.
The Moral Calm Before the Storm: How a Theory of Moral Calms Explains the Covid-Related Increase in Parents’ Refusal of Vaccines for Children
Authors: Calarco Jessica McCrory
Published: October 2021

In this study, I ask why, despite historically high rates of participation in childhood vaccination campaigns, large numbers of US parents are now planning to refuse or delay getting Covid-19 vaccines for their children. Combining insights from the theory of moral panics with pre-pandemic research on parents who refuse vaccines, I argue that to understand the high levels of concern about Covid-19 vaccines for children, we need a theory of “moral calms.” Drawing on interviews with 80 mothers of young children whose vaccine decisions I have tracked since 2018, I find that early public health and media messaging created a “moral calm” around children and Covid-19. These messages led many mothers—particularly mothers who perceived their families as “naturally healthy”—to see their children as being at low risk of contracting, transmitting, and suffering serious consequences from Covid-19. As a result, many mothers came to see Covid-19 vaccines as unnecessary, even if they had previously vaccinated their children. Seeing vaccines as unnecessary then made mothers more susceptible to misinformation about Covid-19 vaccine risks and ultimately weakened their desire to vaccinate their children as soon as possible. I conclude that moral calms can, ironically, lay the groundwork for moral panics. By weakening people’s concerns about a larger threat, they facilitate efforts to raise concerns about other smaller or nonexistent threats. I discuss how the theory of moral calms may help to explain other moral panics, and I consider the implications of these findings for efforts to reduce or prevent vaccine refusal.
KECERDASAN EMOSIONAL, KONTEKS DAN PENDEKATAN BELAJAR TERHADAP BERPIKIR REFLEKTIF DAN PRESTASI AKADEMIK (Kajian Terhadap Mahasiswa Akuntansi)
Authors: Kurnia Ia
Published: October 2021

Kajian dalam buku ini bertujuan untuk untuk mengetahui relasi antara emotional intelligence, learning context, learning approaches, reflective thinking, dan academic performance. Dalam kajian ini dikembangkan relasi antara lima variabel atau konsep, yaitu variabel academic performance (pestasi akademik), emotional intelligence (kecerdasan emosional), reflective thinking (berpikir reflektif), learning approaches (pendekatan belajar), dan learning context (konteks belajar). Hasil kajian terhadap relasi kelima variabel tersebut diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi positif baik secara praktis ataupun teori, juga untuk penelitian-penelitian selanjutnya. Secara praktis kegunaan kajian tentang academic performance akan memberikan komparasi data perkembangan capaian prestasi akademik mahasiswa yang sangat berguna bagi pelaku pendidikan tinggi (pengambil kebijakan akademik dan dosen).