bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FORTRAN IV Program for Simulating Geologic Development of Sedimentary Basins
Authors: Ojakangas Dennis R.
Published: February 2025

A FORTRAN IV program is described for simulating geologic processes involved in the development of oil traps. Deposition, diastrophism, compaction and erosion can be defined mathematically and the structural highs within the three-dimensional model located.
The geology of the model area is gridded manually into a regular pattern and described in algebraic terms. Time is segmented by defining basement topography and then the geologic events as they are believed to have occurred. Experimentation with different hypotheses may be required to approximate the observed geology.
Visual displays can be specified at any time during the model development, permitting analysis of results before continuing with succeeding events. Displays include listings of geologic columns, structural elevations, and isopachous intervals and CALCOMP-plotted stratigraphic cross sections.
FORTRAN IV Program for Q-Mode Cluster Analysis on Distance Function with Printed Dendrogram
Authors: Parks James M.
Published: February 2025

In statistical literature, "classification" means the assignment of elements into a priori defined classes (Rohlf, 1963, p. 3). In taxonomy (biology and paleontology), geology, oceanography and this paper, classification is the act or result "of putting similar objects into an unknown number of distinct categories, with the objects in each category being more similar to each other than to the objects in all other categories" (Parks, 1966, p , 703). Various techniques of cluster analysis (also termed "numerical taxonomy", Sokal and Sneath, 1963) have been used to find "natural" classifications inherent in the data (some recent examples are Sokal and Sneath, 1963; Parks, 1964, 1966; and Bonham-Carter, 1965,1967). Factor analysis (Imbrie and Purdy, 1962), principal components analysis (McCammon, 1966), canonical analysis (Oxnard, 1969), multiple component analysis (McCammon, 1968a) and optimizing an objective function (Ward, 1963) also have been used for this purpose. Most of these methods produce essentially similar results if applied to the same data (Parks, 1966, 1969).
Early versions of the computer program described in this paper were written in MAD language for an IBM 704 computer while I was with The Pure Oil Company Research Center. Later at the Union Oil Company of California Research Center I rewrote the early version in FORTRAN for an IBM 1620 utilizing disk storage for the similarity matrix. A subsequent version was written in FORTRAN for an IBM 360/30 at the Union Research Center, in which the similarity matrix did not have to be stored at all. A Univac 1108 was used for the first successful attempts at combining an R-mode principal components analysis with a Q-mode cluster analysis. At Lehigh University I rewrote these programs for a GE 225 computer, utilizing a segment-link-chain technique so that the entire program did not have to occupy memory at one time, but the relatively small memory of the GE 225 imposed a limit of 200 samples. Finally the program has been rewritten in FORTRAN IV for Lehigh's CDC 6400 computer, using overlays to achieve a 1000 sample-200 variable capacity on a 65k memory machine (with 4 scratch tapes). I wish to thank the Computing Center of Lehigh University for providing unsponsored research computer time and helpful advice.
An APL Language Computer Program for use in Electron Microprobe Analysis
Authors: Smith D.G.W. , Tomlinson M.C.
Published: February 2025

The intensities of characteristic x-ray lines excited during an electron probe analysis are only approximately proportional to the concentrations of the elements present within the sample. It is well known that to obtain quantitative analyses various corrections must be applied. For a summary of the corrections the reader is referred to the excellent review articles of Keil (1967), Long (1967) and Sweatman and Long (1969).
PROBEDATA is an APL language program for correcting raw x-ray intensity data from an electron microprobe for background, dead-time, atomic number, absorption and characteristic fluorescence effects. The program can be used in the analysis of any element with atomic number in excess of ten at any integral operating voltages up to 35KV and will accomodate data for the specimen and several different standards composed of up to 20 elements. (At the present time it is impractical to apply corrections to apparent concentrations of elements with atomic numbers of 10 or less, because of the paucity of data on mass absorption coefficients at long wavelengths). Facilities also are provided for adjusting the composition of the material analyzed on some basis such as the structural formula of a mineral, or perhaps the assumed anion content on the basis of the concentrations of other elements present. This program was written primarily to deal with analyses of geological materials, but will be applicable to analyses of other materials such as ceramic and metallurgical specimens, without modification to the main program or subroutines. It was designed for use with an ARL "EMX" microprobe, but with minor modifications can be used with any of the electron probes currently on the market which have a normally incident electron beam. Fairly substantial modifications to the absorption and fluorescence corrections and different R values in the atomic number correction would be required for use with instruments such as those manufactured by AEI and MAC which have oblique electron incidence.
In writing the program, emphasis has been placed on making it suitable for as wide a range of materials as possible, rather than on providing sophisticated facilities for the input of data in variable amounts and variable form. It is considered more convenient to perform simple preliminary procedures, such as the averaging of data, on an electronic desk calculator although limited optional facilities for this have been provided. Thus the program is particularly well suited for use with a wide range of different samples rather than a large number of similar samples run in one batch. However, facilities have been included whereby a large group of samples run against one set of standards may be corrected at one time by activating an optional loop.
For a description of APL, the reader is referred to the IBM user's manual (Falkoff and Iverson, 1968).
CORFAN—FORTRAN IV Computer Program for Correlation, Factor Analysis (R- and Q-Mode) and Varimax Rotation
Authors: Ondrick C.W. , Srivastava G.S.
Published: February 2025

The geological maze (algorithm) as described by Griffiths (1966) illustrates a procedure for problem solving in the geosciences. The researcher collects data, transforms it to normal, classifies, correlates, factors, rotates, separates populations and plots results. Physically, considering the large volumes of data usually involved, it would be difficult to manipulate the analysis with pencil and pad. The digital computer has provided a rapid and precise means of data analysis for the modern researcher. Computer programs have been written separately for correlation, factor analysis and varimax rotation, and are provided at many computer centers.
The objectives of this computer contribution are: (1) to provide the researcher with a multivariate systems program package containing correlation, factor analysis (both R- and Q-modes) and varimax rotation linked together in a single program with a minimum of required parameter cards and computer runs; and (2) to produce a program capable of analyzing large numbers of variables (100) and which to a large extent is machine independent. Computer Contribution 30 (Griffiths and Ondrick, 1968) provided the first stage in statistical data analysis, namely logarithmic transformation, classification and regression analysis of data. The program described here provides a means for accomplishing the second stage in the geological algorithm-multivariate statistical analysis.
Acknowledgments
CORFAN is a composite of four computer programs (COREL, FAN, QMOD, and VROT) originally written in FORTRAN II for the IBM 7074 computer. We express our thanks to The Pennsylvania State University Computation Center staff for the base programs from which this program was constructed. We also wish to thank Prof. John C. Griffiths for reading the manuscript and giving helpful suggestions. The FORTRAN IV program was tested in the GE 635 at the University of Kansas Computation Center.
Multivariate Procedures and FORTRAN IV Program for Evaluation and Improvement of Classifications
Authors: Demirmen Ferruh
Published: February 2025

ITERIM is an IBM System/360 FORTRAN IV(H) program designed primarily to assess and improve classifications, although it can be used also for principal component analysis, discriminant analysis, and one-way multivariate analysis of variance. Three criteria, pooled within-groups sum of squares, Wilks' Lambda, and the sum of the eigenvalues associated with discriminant functions, are computed to assess and compare classifications. The improvement of a classification is achieved through reduction of the pooled within-groups sum of squares in the discriminant space. The classifications compared must contain the same number of items, the same number of groups, and must be defined relative to the same number of variables. A number of options, both as to computations and output, are provided.
FORTRAN IV Computer Program for Simulation of Transgression and Regression with Continuous-Time Markov Models
Authors: Krumbein W.C.
Published: February 2025

Continuous-time Markov models based on lateral movement of shallow marine and nonmarine environments during transgression and regression through continuous time can be adapted to a variety of lateral-shift processes, such as progressive facies changes across a sedimentary basin, onlap+offlap relations among stratigraphic rock bodies, etc. In this report a clastic-wedge model is used to generate equally spaced borehole or outcrop sections that show the type of deposits formed as the environments shift back and forth.
The states of the transgressive-regressive system can be defined in terms of the position of the strandline through time, with the accumulating sediments representing responses to particular environments as they successively occupy a given monitoring station. Simulations are performed with a transition-rate matrix instead of the conventional transition-probability matrix, although the latter can also be adapted to lateral-shift processes. These two kinds of matrices can be transformed from one to another, and a computer program for this purpose is listed in this report. The main simulation program is illustrated with an experimental example, and the body of the text discusses some of the implications involved in structuring Markov models as continuous-time, discrete-state mechanisms.
FORTRAN IV Program for Vector Trend Analyses of Directional Data
Authors: Fox William T.
Published: February 2025

A FORTRAN IV computer program for the IBM 7090/7094 uses orthogonal polynomial trend-surface mapping techniques in the analysis of regional trends in directional data. Direction cosines are used for each cell in the grid to compute the vector mean azimuth, mean dip angle, length of resultant vector, and spherical radius of the circle of confidence around the resultant vector. Linear, quadratic, cubic, quartic, and quintic orthogonal polynomial response surfaces are computed and plotted as isoazimuth and vector trend maps to aid in interpreting regional flow patterns. Residuals from the trend-surface maps emphasize local topographic anomalies on the depositional surface.
The first example output consists of 20 azimuth and dip measurements of cross-bedding from the Wasatch Formation of Wyoming. A second example is based on a study of the orientation of drumlins south of Lake Ontario in New York State. The third example uses cross-bedding measurements from the Pocono Formation in Pennsylvania. In the last two examples, linear, quadratic, and cubic isoazimuth and vector trend maps are used to interpret the major current pattern, and residual maps to outline topographic highs or lows.
FORTRAN IV and MAP Program for Computation and Plotting of Trend Surfaces for Degrees 1 through 6
Authors: O'Leary Mont , Lippert R.H. , Spitz Owen T.
Published: February 2025

The original version of this program was published by John W. Harbaugh (1963) in BALGOL for the IBM 7090. In late 1963, Donald I. Good translated the program into FORTRAN II for the IBM 1620, but vast differences in language and hardware necessitated a complete rewriting. Good's program was published in 1964 as Kansas Geological Survey Special Distribution Publication 14. Shortly after publication of this program, The University of Kansas replaced the 1620 with a larger IBM 7040. In September, 1964, Owen T. Spitz converted the program to FORTRAN IV, revising it to its present two-link chain program form for adaptation to the IBM 7040 with 16 K.
The program described herein is a further modification of Good's program which exploits the speed and additional core storage of the IBM 7040. Polynomial surfaces (trend surfaces) are fitted up to sixth degree. Double precision arithmetic has been introduced into the program to reduce "roundoff error," and the capacity of the program has been expanded to a maximum of 500 data points.
Whereas the organization of the program has been greatly modified, the mathematical and computational structure of the program is essentially as described in Good (1964). Input and output are almost identical to those of the original program, and sizable portions of the documentation described herein are taken in their entirety from Good (1964).
A number of papers have appeared which deal with application of trend surfaces to geologic and geochemical data (Allen and Krumbein, 1962; Connor and Miesch, 1964; Krumbein, 1956, 1959; Miller, 1956; Whitten, 1959, 1961). Most of these papers deal with trend surfaces applied to petrologic data or facies data. However, Forgotson (1963), Merriam (1964), Merriam and Harbaugh (1964), and Wolfe (1962) suggest that trend surfaces fitted to structural data might aid in mineral exploration. Trend-surface computer programs available to the public have been written by Harbaugh (1963, 1964a, 1964b), Mcintyre (1963), Peikert (1963), and Whitten (1963).
Card decks of the FORTRAN IV source programs, MAP subroutines, a sample data set with control cards, and a FORTRAN IV source program for determining numeric equivalents of plotting symbols may be obtained for a limited time from the Kansas Geological Survey for $25.00
Mathematical Simulation of Marine Sedimentation with IBM 7090/7094 Computers
Authors: Harbaugh John W.
Published: February 2025

A mathematical model of marine sedimentation, using IBM 7090/7094 computers, imitates the behavior of sediments as they are transported and deposited within a marine sedimentary basin. By mathematical means, in symbolic three-dimensional space, the model imitates the processes of tectonic warping, winnowing of sediments along beaches, formation of deltas, and the growth and interaction of organism communities, including algal banks and coral reefs, that populate the sea floor. The model is operated by assuming a set of external controlling conditions and feeding these into the computer as numerical data. The model is then run forward, by increments, through geologic time. The effect of several million years geologic history can be studied in 15 minutes computing time.
Output from the computer program representing the model is in the form of lithofacies maps, structure maps, biofacies maps, sea-water depth maps, and geologic cross sections that show both structure and facies relationships. A series of maps and cross sections can be printed for each increment of geologic time making it possible to observe progressive geologic changes as they occur.
The model is used as an experimental tool by observing the response to a set of assumptions. When a change in the numbers used to control the program is made, the model responds dynamically in a few seconds computer time. Deltaic deposits, ancient beaches, algal reefs, and other sedimentary features develop progressively and undergo structural deformation with startling realism.
The objective in geological mathematical modeling is to produce symbolic geologic products (such as sedimentary strata) by imitating the principal geologic processes that produce the products. There is, however, uncertainty as to the mode of operation and relative importance of many processes. Consequently, assumptions must be made. These assumptions can be tested on a trial and error basis. If the results of a computer run with the model do not agree well with reality (i.e., the symbolic deposits do not accord well with real sedimentary deposits that are being imitated, etc.), the assumptions can be progressively changed, and new runs made until the model begins to perform realistically.
The mathematical model is embodied in a BALGOL computer language (version of ALGOL-58) program which may be used with any IBM 7090 or 7094 computer, provided the BALGOL system tapes are available. The principles of the program are outlined in the report, which also contains detailed operating instructions for the program's use.
Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome Complicated by Colon Cancer with Liver Metastasis: A Case Report
Authors: Liu Yiqian , Luuo Yawen , Lin Lin , Xu Haixia
Published: February 2025

Background Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome (NBS) is a rare autosomal recessive DNA repair disorder that increases the risk of malignant tumors. Colorectal cancer is one of the common malignant tumors, and its liver metastasis is a focal point and challenge in the treatment of colorectal cancer.
Case presentation A 24-year-old male was diagnosed with Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome Complicated by Colon Cancer with Liver Metastasis: A Case Report
Conclusions Early identification of Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome (NBS) is crucial for making correct diagnoses, conducting genetic counseling, and for cancer screening, risk reduction, and selection of anticancer treatments.
A magyar vízivad monitoring eredményei a 2012/2013-as idényben
Authors: Faragó Sándor
Published: February 2025

Jelen dolgozat a tizenhetedik közlés abból a célból, hogy átfogó és részletes feldolgozást adjon a Magyarországon vonuló és telelő vízimadár (vízivad) fajok azon kiválasztott köréről, amely a vadgazdálkodás, a halgazdálkodás, valamint a természetvédelem érdeklődésére számot tarthat. Ily módon a hagyományosan külön tárgyalt vadlúd monitoringot egészíti ki, feldolgozásában hasonlóképpen járva el. E munka szerves része a Magyar Vízivad Gazdálkodási Terv (FARAGÓ, 1996) keretében kidolgozott Magyar Vízivad Információs Rendszer (FARAGÓ, 1998a) adatbázisát biztosító – 1996 óta működő – MAGYAR VÍZIVAD MONITORINGNAK (FARAGÓ, 1998b).
Пиндар. Пифийские оды
Authors: Луховицкий Лев , Мостовая Вера , Можайский Андрей , Ахунова Ольга
Published: February 2025

Пифийские оды Пиндара, древнегреческого поэта V в. до н.э., адресованы победителям общегреческих Пифийских игр, проводившихся в святилище Аполлона в Дельфах. Книга включает новый перевод Пифийских од с параллельным греческим текстом, подробный комментарий, дополненный указателем собственных имен и этнонимов, а также исследования и вспомогательные материалы, помогающие сориентироваться в особенностях поэтики Пиндара, предопределивших трудности перевода его текстов, разобраться в сакральной топографии од, в их диалектной и метрической специфике.
Книга предназначена как для специалистов в области классической филологии и античной культуры, так и для широкого круга читателей, интересующихся древнегреческой поэзией.
Addition of atubular collector to a MEWron melt electrowriting printer v1
Authors: Menke Sönke , Brugger Juergen , Tandon Biranche
Published: February 2025

This protocol aims to help researchers and enthusiasts in building a melt electrowriting printer (MEWron) with tubular collector from a Voron printer. The modification of a FDM printer can potentially be done with many different types but is shown here on a Voron 0.2.
Factors influencing the development of speaking skills among Ecuadorian EFL learners: Teachers’ perspectives
Authors: Alvarez Carlos Lenin , Tamayo Monica R. , Santos Jardel Coutinho dos
Published: February 2025

Secondary school students in Ecuador face significant challenges in developing English speaking skills, which are crucial for effective communication. This study explores the factors affecting the development of speaking skills and identifies teachers’ suggestions for addressing these challenges. The literature indicates factors on performance, methodology, linguistics, affective, and contextual factors. Employing an explanatory sequential mixed-method design, quantitative data were first collected through a survey of 142 EFL experienced teachers across various Ecuadorian regions, followed by qualitative insights from semi-structured interviews with seven experienced teachers. Findings reveal that large class sizes, limited instructional time, and insufficient speaking-focused activities in course materials impede effective practice. Methodological issues, such as inadequate English exposure outside the classroom, further hinder proficiency. Linguistic challenges include reliance on native language and pronunciation difficulties, while affective factors like anxiety and low confidence also impact students' speaking willingness.  Recommendations include reducing class sizes, increasing instructional time, and including more speaking activities in curricula. These recommendations are not just theoretical but practical and feasible, emphasizing their potential impact on students' oral proficiency. Emphasis is also placed on fostering a supportive classroom environment, enhancing teacher professional development, and integrating authentic language use into lessons. These findings have broader implications for EFL education globally, highlighting the need for curriculum reforms, improved classroom management, and targeted teacher training. The study provides valuable insights into the complexities of teaching and learning speaking skills and offers practical recommendations for enhancing students' oral proficiency.
CREATIVE PROCESS IN L. STARYTSKA-CHERNIAHIVSKA IN THE CONTEXT OF WOMEN’S LITERATURE OF THE LATE 19th AND EARLY 20th CENTURIES (on the material of short prose)
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Haevska Nadiya
Published: February 2025

The article focuses on the short prose by Liudmyla Starytska-Cherniakhivska, its role and place in the literary life of the given era is clarified. The peculiarities of creating a female image in the writer’s short prose were emphasized. The relevance of the problems and themes of short prose is revealed. It was determined that the problems raised by the writer are relevant today.
Agenesis of the corpus callosum associated with hereditary syndromes
Authors: Milovanova Olga A. , Tarakanova Tat'yana Yu. , Pronicheva Yuliya B. , Katasonova Lyubov' P. , Biche-Ool Salbakay Kx. , Vorozhbieva Tat'yana E.
Published: February 2025

Abstract: Agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) is detected in patients with cerebral dysgenesis associated with various hereditary syndromes. It is conventionally subdivided into total (the absence of commissural fibers) and partial (agenesis of the rostral and caudal areas of the corpus callosum) ACC. The disorder can either be individual or associated with other developmental brain malformations. Isolated pathologies of the corpus callosum can be clinically occult, thus significantly impeding diagnosis of this pathology. AAC can be verified using various neuroimaging data, including fetal brain ultrasonography. In this study, we report two cases of patients with ACC associated with hereditary syndromes from our own clinical experience. In one case, the course of the disease was relatively favorable. The severe infantile form with fatal outcome is reported in the second case. The detailed autopsy data and results of morphological examination of the brain are presented. Special attention is paid to the issues associated with analysis of clinical phenotypes, as well as lifetime and postmortem diagnosis of the disease.
Personification of the approaches to reperfusion therapy of ischemic stroke
Authors: Domashenko Maksim A. , Maksimova Marina Yu. , Gafarova Marina E. , Tanashyan Marine M. , Antonova Kseniya V. , Piradov Mikhail A.
Published: February 2025

Introduction. Systemic thrombolytic therapy using recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) is the gold standard of reperfusion therapy in certainpatients with ischemic stroke during the first 4.5 h after stroke onset.
Objective. To assess the clinical (severity of neurological symptoms) and laboratory (complete blood cell count test) factors that affect the disease prognosis aftersystemic thrombolytic therapy.
Materials and methods. Seventy patients (48 males and 22 females) aged 61 [54; 69] years with ischemic stroke who received systemic thrombolytic therapy withrtPA at a dose of 0.9 mg/kg were prospectively studied. Blood for the complete blood count test including neutrophil and lymphocyte counts was sampled before thethrombolytic therapy. The severity of neurological impairment was assessed using the NIH Stroke Scale. The functional prognosis was assessed 3 months afterstroke using the modified Rankin scale (mRS). Markers for the unfavorable prognosis of the acute phase of ischemic stroke (mRS score 3) were revealed by ROCanalysis involving sensitivity and specificity determination.
Results. Severity of neurological symptoms assessed using the NIH scale at admission was 15 [11; 17] points. Time between the manifestation of neurologicalsymptoms and admission to the hospital was 138 [117; 170] min; between admission and initiation of systemic thrombolytic therapy (the door-to-needle time),40 [30; 55] min. An unfavourable functional outcome of systemic thrombolytic therapy can be predicted according to the results of ROC analysis: the NIH score upon admissionbeing 12 or higher (sensitivity, 94%; specificity, 57%); neutrophil count, 7.8109/L (sensitivity, 45.5%; specificity, 90.6%); lymphocyte count, 1.8109/L(sensitivity, 81.8%; specificity, 59.4%).
Conclusions. The customized approach to systemic thrombolytic therapy can help predict its effectiveness and contribute to elaboration of adequate approachesto patient management. Patients with a potentially unfavourable prognosis for systemic thrombolysis can be the target group for using mechanical reperfusiontechniques such as thrombus extraction.
In-hospital stroke in patients after cardiovascular surgery
Authors: Filimonova Polina A. , Volkova L. I. , Alasheev A. M. , Grichuk E. A.
Published: February 2025

Introduction. Strokes in patients managed at the department of cardiovascular surgery hold a leading position among all in-hospital strokes in multispeciality hospitals. According to the literature, the prevalence of stroke ranges from 0.20.4% for percutaneous cardiac interventions to 16% after heart valve surgeries.
Objective. To reveal the stroke risk factors in patients managed at the department of cardiovascular surgery, including depending on the type of surgical intervention.
Materials and methods. The study group included 58 cases of acute cerebrovascular accidents (ACVA) in patients at the department of cardiovascular surgery, amounting to 30.5% of the total amount of in-hospital strokes recorded over 5 years (20112016).
Results. Ischemic stroke was prevalent in the study group (54 patients; 93.1%, р0.001); four (6.9%) patients had transient ischemic attacks. The largest number of strokes occurred in patients who had undergone heart bypass (23 patients, 41.1%) and heart valve replacement surgeries (25 patients, 44.6%); in 12 (21.4%) patients, ACVA occurred after mitral valve replacement combined with tricuspid annuloplasty. In most cases, stroke developed within the first three days after surgical intervention (36 patients, 64.3%, р0.05).
Conclusions. Patients who had undergone cardiovascular interventions, especially after heart bypass and heart valve replacement surgeries, require hemodynamic monitoring and thromboelastography during the first 3 days to prevent a stroke. Despite the early detection of in-hospital strokes, systemic thrombolytic therapy was contraindicated for all patients. Mechanical thrombus extraction should be treatment of choice for this category of patients.
Novel approaches to assessing the signs of atherosclerotic plaque instability in the carotid arteries
Authors: Chechetkin Andrey O. , Druina Lyudmila D. , Evdokimenko Anna N. , Gulevskaya Tat'yana S. , Skrylev Sergey I. , Tanashyan Marine M.
Published: February 2025

Introduction. Application of contrast agents in vascular untrasonography has become a new direction in noninvasive assessment of signs of atherosclerotic plaque (ASP) instability; the type of plaque neovascularization being the major sign. However, questions regarding the accuracy of the methods for quantitative evaluation of plaque neovascularization are still to be answered.
Objective. To evaluate signs of ASP instability in the carotid arteries according to the contrast-enhanced duplex scanning data and to elaborate our own approach to quantitative evaluation of neovascularization.
Materials and methods. Twenty-six patients with carotid atherosclerosis who had been subjected to carotid endarterectomy (n=27) followed by morphological plaque verification were enrolled in this study. All patients underwent standard duplex scanning and scanning using contrast agent SonoVue.
Results. Neovascularization was revealed in all 27 patients with ASP according to the pathomorphological and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography data. The total number of vessels per cm2 of plaque was 651 [2114/cm2] according to the ultrasonography data and 191224 [236249/cm2] according to the pathomorphological examination. According to the ultrasonography data, the absolute values were close to the density of plaque vessels 30 m in diameter determined during pathomorphological examination and did not differ significantly from this value (p = 0.67). The morphology data show that vessels 20 m in diameter, which constituted up to 96% of all microvessels in ASP, cannot be detected by ultrasonography. In one case, ulceration of the ASP surface was detected only by contrast medium injection. Calcified plaques with different degrees of calcination imposed the greatest difficulties when performing ultrasonic assessment of neovascularization.
Conclusions. Contrast-enhanced untrasonography can be used as an informative method to noninvasively detect signs of ASP instability enabling rather accurate assessment of neovascularization at microvessel diameter 30 m. Calcification of ASPs may significantly affect the study results.
Quantitative sonographic parameters of the peripheral nerves in healthy individuals
Authors: Naumova Eugenia S. , Nikitin Sergey S. , Druzhinin Dmitry S.
Published: February 2025

Introduction. Ultrasonography allows non-invasive scanning of the peripheral nerves to record quantitative and qualitative parameters.
Objective. To determine the normal cross-sectional area (CSA) of the nerves in arms and legs, as well as spinal nerves in healthy volunteers.
Materials and methods. Bilateral ultrasonography of the peripheral nerves in arms and legs, as well as the spinal nerves in the brachial plexus was carried out in healthy volunteers: 40 males and 40 females with the mean age of 40.315.1 (range, 1870 years). A Sonoscape S20 ultrasound scanner (China) with an 815 MHz linear sensor. The cross-sectional area of the peripheral nerves was assessed. Height, weight, the body mass index (BMI), age, and gender were included in analysis.
Results. The reference CSA values for the major nerves of arms, legs, and spinal nerves of the brachial plexus were obtained. No reliable correlation of the main anthropometric parameters (height, weight, and BMI) as well as age and gender with the CSA of the peripheral nerves and the brachial plexus was found.
Conclusions. The findings are in accordance with the measured parameters reported by other authors, indicating that our methodological approach to nerve ultrasonography is similar to those used in other laboratories.
Optimization of early rehabilitation of patients with ischemic stroke and sleep-disordered breathing
Authors: Lutokhin Gleb M. , Geraskina Ludmila A. , Fonyakin Andrey V. , Maksimova Marina Yu.
Published: February 2025

Introduction. Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is detected in 70% of stroke patients and impedes functional rehabilitation; it also increases the length of hospital stay and the risk of stroke recurrence and fatal outcome.
Objective: to study the dynamics of SDB in its correlation with neurological disorders in stroke patients and to develop the approaches to optimization of early rehabilitation.
Materials and methods. A total of 78 patients with acute ischemic stroke were examined. SDB was verified by cardiorespiratory monitoring; the neurological deficit was assessed using the NIHSS and mRS scales. Examination was carried out upon admission (days 25 post stroke) and again after 3 weeks. The effect of SDB correction on effectiveness of neurological recovery was studied using positional therapy (position elevated by 30о) in combination with oxygen therapy (insufflation of O2 with the saturation level maintained no less than 95% under control of a digital sensor).
Results. Upon admission, SDB was revealed in 88% of patients; moderate and severe disorders being predominant (the apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) 15 h-1), most frequently presenting as obstructive apnea. In patients with AHI 15 h-1, the positive dynamics of neurological disorders (p0.04) were observed along with stable SDB parameters. Neurological improvement (р0.05) was observed in patients with AHI 15 h-1, which was associated with decreased severity of SDB. A direct correlation between the severity of neurological disorders and AHI after 3 weeks was revealed: RNIHSS/AHI = 0.45 (р=0.003), RmRS/AHI = 0.44 (р=0.004). Patients with AHI 15 h-1 were distributed into 2 groups: group A (without corrective interventions) and group B (the use of positional and oxygen therapy during the night sleep during 7 days). A positive effect of the course of corrective therapy on restoration of neurological functions, along with a decrease in AHI, was revealed.
Conclusions. SDB is a frequent and persistent disorder in patients with ischemic stroke. Early detection and correction of SDB should be regarded as an important component of post-stroke rehabilitation.
Monoclonal Antibodies: Present and Future in the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis (Based on the Proceedings of the 32nd Congress of the European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis - ECTRIMS)
Authors: Votintseva Marina V. , Petrov Andrey M. , Stolyarov Igor D.
Published: February 2025

The development of new highly effective medications with acceptable safety profile targeted at the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most important problems of modern neurology. In recent years, MS pathogenesis studies and clinical trials of new treatments enabled regulatory authorities of many countries to approve the use of monoclonal antibody pharmaceuticals. At the 32nd Congress of the European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis (ECTRIMS), special consideration was given to natalizumab, alemtuzumab, daclizumab, ocrelizumab, rituximab, opicinumab, and ofatumumab. This publication provides an overview of the main results of the Congress. It was noted that decrease of disability rate in MS patients with a view to completely stopping disease progression is the most important objective of the use of the modern medications modifying MS course (MMMSC). Careful analysis is required to assess the long-term effects of the MMMSC and switching algorithms from the first line of MS therapy to the second one, as well as subsequent switching to the other regimens.
The potential of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging for studying the pathophysiology of primary focal dystonia
Authors: Semenova Olga V. , Timerbaeva Sofiya L. , Konovalov Rodion N.
Published: February 2025

Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (R-fMRI) assesses the state of low-frequency fluctuations of the BOLD-signal showing spontaneous neuronal activity in different areas of the brain. Hence, R-fMRI allows one to visualize the synchronicity of generation of certain neurophysiological phenomena in different regions of the central nervous system, including the ones being remote from one another, by linking them into a functional network and assessing brain connectivity in normal state and in pathology. This technique has proved itself in the study of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we present the results of using R-fMRI for the most common forms of primary focal dystonia (blepharospasm and cervical dystonia) compared to the data of task-based fMRI and some other neuroimaging technologies such as positron emission tomography and voxel-based morphometry. It has been demonstrated in many studies that R-fMRI allows to assess disturbances in cerebral architecture and complex rearrangements in the neural network in patients with focal dystonia, including those after administration of botulinum toxin. This makes it possible to study more thoroughly the pathophysiological foundations of focal dystonia and the variety of mechanisms of botulinum toxin therapy in patients with these pathologies, including the central (indirect) mechanisms of action of botulinum toxin.
Quality of life as an integral indicator for effectiveness of rehabilitation in patients with ischemic stroke
Authors: Luk'yanchikova Larisa V. , Bel'skaya Galina N.
Published: February 2025

Introduction. Neurological deficits due to ischemic stroke may cause temporary or permanent disability affecting quality of life. Thus, quality of life assessment is important for evaluation of rehabilitation outcomes and general state of the health after a vascular accident.
Objective. To evaluate quality of life in patients in the recovery period of hemispheric ischemic stroke within subsequent year after a vascular accident.
Material and methods. One hundred twenty-three patients (age ranging 4080 years) with stroke were examined in the acute and recovery (up to 1 year) periods. In the acute period of stroke and after a rehabilitation course, patients underwent assessment with Barthel Scale, modified Rankin
Scale, NIHSS scale, and health status questionnaire SF-36.
Results. We found that within the first 3 months following acute ischemic stroke there was an improvement due to rehabilitation course in all areas which determine patients quality of life (including Role Emotional and Mental Health SF-36 scores). Adherence to the personalized out-patient rehabilitation program determines improvement in neurological and SF-36 outcomes as well as establishes adaptive coping strategies.
Conclusion. Within the first year after a vascular accident, patients with mild to moderate post-stroke neurological deficits showed recovery in self-care activities, functional independence, SF-36 scores for physical and mental health components along with improvement of focal neurological deficits.
Wojciech Bożek, Publicznoprawne kary pieniężne o charakterze prewencyjnym stanowiące źródło dochodów budżetu państwa [Preventive financial penalties under public law as a source of state revenue], C.H. Beck, Warszawa 2022
Authors: Münnich Monika
Published: February 2025

Dochody publiczne w polskim piśmiennictwie prawno-finansowym poddawane są od dziesiątek lat wieloaspektowym badaniom. Literatura przedmiotu obejmuje liczne publikacje podnoszące problematykę źródeł pochodzenia dochodów publicznych, ich strukturę oraz kierunki i zasady ich wykorzystywanie w ramach realizacji funkcji redystrybucyjnej. Osobne badania prowadzone są w odniesieniu do organów i urzędów administracji publicznej uprawnionych do gromadzenia i wydatkowania dochodów publicznych. Jedną z najważniejszych składowych normatywnej konkordancji dochodów publicznych stanowią dochody budżetu państwa.
Polish Scientific Conference “Current face of the criminal process”, Szczecin, 6–7 November 2023
Authors: Kowalski Sebastian , Jasińska Marta
Published: February 2025

W dniach 6 i 7 listopada 2023 roku odbyła się ogólnopolska konferencja naukowa „Aktualne oblicza procesu karnego”, której organizatorem był Zespół Badawczy Prawa Karnego Procesowego Wydziału Prawa i Administracji oraz Koło Naukowe Nauk Penalnych „Ultima Ratio”. Celem konferencji było przeanalizowanie najnowszych zmian legislacyjnych w przepisach procedury karnej. Honorowy patronat nad wydarzeniem objęli: Rektor Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego, Rzecznik Praw Obywatelskich, Prezydent Miasta Szczecina oraz Marszałek Województwa Zachodniopomorskiego. Ponadto konferencji patronowali Dziekan Wydziału Prawa i Administracji Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego, Adwokatura Polska, Szczecińska Izba Adwokacka, Sąd Apelacyjny w Szczecinie, Sąd Okręgowy w Szczecinie, Stowarzyszenie Prokuratorów Lex Super Omnia, Stowarzyszenie Sędziów Polskich Iustitia, Wydawnictwo C.H. Beck, Wydawnictwo Wolters Kluwer, Czasopismo InGremio oraz Uniwizja.
Assessment of the Efficiency of Crushed Ceramics in Adsorbing Methyl Orange Dye from Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Abata E. O. , Inubile H. T. , Ajayi O. A.
Published: February 2025

This study evaluates the efficiency of crushed ceramic as an adsorbent for the removal of methyl orange dye from aqueous solutions. Various parameters influencing the adsorption process were examined, including pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, and temperature. The adsorption process was optimized at a pH of 2.0, achieving a maximum removal efficiency of 99.31%. Adsorption equilibrium was reached after 90 minutes, with the adsorption capacity increasing with higher initial dye concentrations. The adsorption isotherms were analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich models, with the Freundlich model providing a better fit for the equilibrium data (N = 2.724). Kinetic studies indicated that the adsorption followed a pseudosecond- order model, suggesting that the rate-limiting step involves chemisorption. The Langmuir maximum adsorption capacity (Qmax) was determined to be 22.31 mg/g, while the Freundlich constant (KF) was 2.026. The results demonstrate that crushed ceramics are a promising low-cost adsorbent for the efficient removal of methyl orange from contaminated water, offering potential applications in wastewater treatment. The study also underscores the importance of utilizing appropriate kinetic and isotherm models for accurately predicting adsorption behavior and optimizing operational conditions.
Comparison of Estrogen and/or Progesterone on the Oxidative Status in Different Female Cancer Cells
Authors: Mohammadi Neda , Neisy Asma , Karimian Alireza , Vakili Sina , Zal Fatemeh
Published: February 2025

Background: Oxidative stress has a key role in the development of most types of cancers. Among all the conditions which affect the antioxidant defenses, the effect of using oral contraception pills (OCP) or sex hormone therapy in women during menopause is still an unsolved issue.
Objectives: In the present study, the effect of estrogen (EST) alone, progesterone (PRO) alone and EST+PRO together on oxidative status in HeLa, MCF-7 and OVCAR-3 cell lines was investigated.
Methods: HeLa, MCF- 7 and OVCAR-3 cell lines were treated with 1μM of EST, PRO and EST+PRO confirmed by MTT and used for 24 hour treatment. Then, catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR) activities and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were assayed in the cell lysate.
Results: The results of the present study indicated that EST, PRO, and their combination were strongly able to increase the antioxidant enzymes activity compared with controls and significantly decreased the MDA levels in all three cell lines.
Conclusion: The data suggest that female sex hormones and OCPs might exert antioxidant effects in different cancerous organs.
Wokół antropologii fundamentalnej Michaela Landmanna
Authors: Glinkowski Witold P.
Published: February 2025

Uchwycona przez Landmanna „luka antropiczna” jest tym, co wyróżnia człowieka, który w odróżnieniu od innych żywych istot jest zarazem twórcą kultury oraz jej beneficjentem. Ta szczególna sytuacja człowieka stanowi konsekwencję jego ontycznego niedoposażenia, na które składa się niewyspecjalizowanie narządów oraz radykalne zredukowanie instynktu. Trzeba jednak od razu uściślić sens omawianego tu terminu, wskazać na jego względność. O ile bowiem określenie „luka” sugeruje jakiś niedostatek, to jest on orzekany w sposób obiektywny jedynie przy założeniu, że kryterium waloryzacji zakorzenione jest w horyzoncie świata animalnego. W przypadku, gdy rozpatrywanie owej „luki” przebiega z uwzględnieniem specyfiki bytu ludzkiego, jej sens ulega modyfikacji – luka przestaje być brakiem, a okazuje się okolicznością umożliwiającą urzeczywistnianie się nowych jakości, nieznanych światu animalnemu. Człowiek bowiem, będąc z jednej strony istotą kreatywną, tworzącą kulturę, a z drugiej, podlegając modelowaniu przez zastane dziedzictwo kulturowych artefaktów, podlega dwóm odrębnym i przeciwnym sobie siłom – nie tylko zresztą im podlega, ale także je generuje.
El queso de Paipa. Relatos, saberes y tradiciones
Authors: Acuña Rodríguez Olga Yanet , Acuña Rodríguez Blanca Ofelia , Albesiano Fernández Luis Enrique , Cobo Mejía Elisa Andrea , Pinzón Camargo Libia Carolina , Rojas Rojas Lizeth Rocío , Castellanos Pulido Laura Valentina , Chaparro Correa Ingrid Helena
Published: February 2025

El queso es un bien gastronómico que ha sido utilizado en la dieta de los habitantes del área rural del municipio de Paipa, en el departamento colombiano de Boyacá. El texto pretende dar a conocer qué hay detrás de la producción quesera: lo artesanal y tradicional, los referentes simbólicos e identitarios construidos por los pobladores del área rural en el municipio de Paipa (Boyacá). Sus narrativas fueron de gran relevancia para acercarnos a una comprensión del significado social y cultural tejido por las comunidades alrededor del producto. En las voces de productores, comerciantes y consumidores, se identificaron códigos narrativos a través de los cuales se percibieron valores en torno a esta labor. Al analizar estos códigos afloraron manifestaciones identitarias asociadas al espacio físico, el territorio y la cotidianidad, como también las conexiones y afinidades establecidas entre vecinos y familiares, sus impresiones y valores. De este modo, se evidenciaron referentes patrimoniales y de identidad cultural que se reflejan en imaginarios, interpretaciones y simbolismos construidos en torno al queso como alimento, producto vendido en el mercado y expresión tradicional.
Unidad didáctica para la enseñanza de las ciencias sociales : economía – mercado de capitales
Authors: Giraldo García Jorge Daniel
Published: February 2025

Revitalizar los procesos didácticos que, por extensión concierne también a los factores pedagógicos y curriculares de los procesos de formación, conduce a la pregunta clave que pone en cuestionamiento la configuración de los estilos de enseñanza y los estilos de aprendizaje en los actuales espacios universitarios de Colombia. Este punto de partida, se deriva en diversos cuestionamientos que orientan este producto investigativo; de forma somera, se ilustran aquellos que destacan en el momento de diseñar y aplicar unidades didácticas como: ¿es el estudiante consciente de cómo aprende?, ¿los docentes aplican estrategias que promuevan su autoformación y les permita acercarse a los referentes ideales del maestro?,¿es la formación en pensamiento crítico una verdadera prioridad?, ¿la aplicación de unidades didácticas pueden contribuir de forma relevante para que los estudiantes alcancen aprendizajes significativos y su evidente evolución conceptual? Cada uno de estos interrogantes se extiende en discurso y teoría, manera de la cual este proyecto busca contribuir a su resolución.