bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GAUGE INVARIANCE OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLE PROCESSES IN THE PRESENCE OF A BACKGROUND MAGNETIC FIELD
Authors: BHATTACHARYA KAUSHIK
Published: July 2006

Elementary particle scatterings and decays in the presence of a background magnetic field are very common in physics, especially after the observation that the core of the neutron stars can sustain a magnetic field of the order of 1013 G. The important point about these calculations is that they are done in a background of a gauge field and as a result the calculations are prone to gauge arbitrariness. In this work we will investigate how this gauge arbitrariness is eradicated in processes where the initial and final particles taking part in the interactions are electrically neutral. Some comments on those processes where the initial or final state consists of electrically charged particles is presented at the end of the paper.
DECONSTRUCTION AND OTHER APPROACHES TO SUPERSYMMETRIC LATTICE FIELD THEORIES
Authors: GIEDT JOEL
Published: July 2006

This paper contains both a review of recent approaches to supersymmetric lattice field theories and some new results on the deconstruction approach. The essential reason for the complex phase problem of the fermion determinant is shown to be derivative interactions that are not present in the continuum. These irrelevant operators violate the self-conjugacy of the fermion action that is present in the continuum. It is explained why this complex phase problem does not disappear in the continuum limit. The fermion determinant suppression of various branches of the classical moduli space is explored, and found to be supportive of previous claims regarding the continuum limit.
SPIN AND STATISTICS ON THE GROENEWOLD–MOYAL PLANE: PAULI-FORBIDDEN LEVELS AND TRANSITIONS
Authors: BALACHANDRAN A. P. , MANGANO G. , PINZUL A. , VAIDYA S.
Published: July 2006

The Groenewold–Moyal plane is the algebra [Formula: see text] of functions on ℝd+1 with the *-product as the multiplication law, and the commutator [Formula: see text] between the coordinate functions. Chaichian et al.1 and Aschieri et al.2 have proved that the Poincaré group acts as automorphisms on [Formula: see text] if the coproduct is deformed. (See also the prior work of Majid,3 Oeckl4 and Grosse et al.5) In fact, the diffeomorphism group with a deformed coproduct also does so according to the results of Ref. 2. In this paper we show that for this new action, the Bose and Fermi commutation relations are deformed as well. Their potential applications to the quantum Hall effect are pointed out. Very striking consequences of these deformations are the occurrence of Pauli-forbidden energy levels and transitions. Such new effects are discussed in simple cases.
THE DENSITY MATRIX FOR AN ELECTRON CONFINED IN QUANTUM DOTS UNDER A UNIFORM MAGNETIC FIELD
Authors: PANG QIANJUN
Published: July 2006

By using unitary transformation and representation theory of quantum mechanics, we obtain two forms of density matrix respectively in (x1, p2) and (x1, x2) representations for an electron, with an anisotropic effective mass, confined in quantum dots under a uniform magnetic field (UMF). We find that both forms of density matrix can play an implemental role in the thermodynamical calculation. But, in order to calculate thermal average of angular momentum in z direction for this system, the density matrix in (x1, p2) representations is a more convenient form. When the confinement to electron in quantum dots disappears, we encounter a divergence problem of thermal average for some physical quantities. However, in the calculation of the thermal average of Hamiltonian, these divergent quantities cancelled each other out. And we eventually obtain a reasonable result.
TIME DISCRETIZATION APPROACH TO DYNAMIC LOCALIZATION CONDITIONS
Authors: PAPP E.
Published: July 2006

An alternative wavefunction to the description of the dynamic localization of a charged particle moving on a one-dimensional lattice under the influence of a periodic time dependent electric field is written down. For this purpose the method of characteristics such as applied by Dunlap and Kenkre [Phys. Rev. B34, 3625 (1986)] has been modified by using a different integration variable. Handling this wavefunction one is faced with the selection of admissible time values. This results in a conditionally exactly solvable problem, now by accounting specifically for the implementation of a time discretization working in conjunction with a related dynamic localization condition. In addition, one resorts to the strong field limit, which amounts to replace, to leading order, the large order zeros of the Bessel function J0(z), used before in connection with the cosinusoidal modulation, by integral multiples of π. Here z stands for the ratio between the field amplitude and the frequency. The modulation function of the electric field vanishes on the nodal points of the time grid, which stands for an effective field-free behavior. This opens the way to propose quickly tractable dynamic localization conditions for arbitrary periodic modulations. We have also found that the present time discretization approach produces the minimization of the mean square displacement characterizing the usual exact wavefunction. Other realizations and comparisons have also been presented.
nTH-ORDER AMPLITUDE SQUEEZING EFFECTS OF RADIATION IN MULTIPHOTON PROCESSES
Authors: GIRI DILIP KUMAR , GUPTA P. S.
Published: July 2006

Squeezing of the electromagnetic field is a purely quantum mechanical phenomenon and this quantum effect is expected to manifest itself in optical processes in which the nonlinear response of the system to the radiation field plays an important role. It has generated a great deal of interest in view of the possibility of reducing the noise of an optical signal below the vacuum limit i.e. zero-point oscillations. In this paper the concept of nth-order amplitude squeezing is introduced in the fundamental mode in four- and six-wave mixing processes as a generalization of the higher-order squeezing under short-time approximation based on a fully quantum mechanical approach. It established the coupled Heisenberg equations of motion involving real and imaginary parts of the quadrature operators. The condition for occurrence of nth-order squeezing is obtained from which higher-order squeezing upto n=3 are studied. Dependence of squeezing on photon number is also established. The conditions for obtaining maximum and minimum squeezing are obtained. The method of present investigation can be applied to any higher-order non-linear optical processes and the technique can also be extended for studying squeezing in any N-photon process in general. Further, nth-order squeezing of radiation in N-photon process can also be investigated. The results obtained may help in selecting a suitable process to generate optimum squeezing in the radiation field.
HANS BETHE'S CONTRIBUTIONS TO SOLID-STATE PHYSICS
Authors: MERMIN N. DAVID , ASHCROFT NEIL W.
Published: July 2006

Hans Bethe's doctoral research was primarily in solid-state physics. During the late 1920's and early 1930's he played a major role in developing the new quantum theory of solids. Though nuclear physics became his main interest in the mid 1930's, he continued to write papers in solid-state physics into the late 1940's, and remained interested in the subject all his life.
FLEXIBLE IMAGE BLENDING FOR IMAGE MOSAICING WITH REDUCED ARTIFACTS
Authors: ZHAO WENYI
Published: July 2006

Image mosaicing involves geometric alignment among video frames and image compositing or blending. For dynamic mosaicing, image mosaics are constructed dynamically along with incoming video frames. Consequently, dynamic mosaicing demands efficient operations for both alignment and blending in order to achieve real-time performance. In this paper, we focus on efficient image blending methods that create good-quality image mosaics from any number of overlapping frames. One of the driving forces for efficient image processing is the huge market of mobile devices such as cell phones, PDAs that have image sensors and processors. In particular, we show that it is possible to have efficient sequential implementations of blending methods that simultaneously involve all accumulated video frames. The choices of image blending include traditional averaging, overlapping and flexible ones that take into consideration temporal order of video frames and user control inputs. In addition, we show that artifacts due to mis-alignment, image intensity difference can be significantly reduced by efficiently applying weighting functions when blending video frames. These weighting functions are based on pixel locations in a frame, view perspective and temporal order of this frame. One interesting application of flexible blending is to visualize moving objects on a mosaiced stationary background. Finally, to correct for significant exposure difference in video frames, we propose a pyramid extension based on intensity matching of aligned images at the coarsest resolution. Our experiments with real image sequences demonstrate the advantages of the proposed methods.
CONTENT-BASED IMAGE RETRIEVAL TRAINED BY ADABOOST FOR MOBILE APPLICATION
Authors: LIN HWEI-JEN , KAO YANG-TA , YANG FU-WEN , WANG PATRICK S. P.
Published: July 2006

This paper proposes a Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) system applicable in mobile devices. Due to the fact that different queries to a content-based image retrieval (CBIR) system emphasize different subsets of a large collection of features, most CBIR systems using only a few features are therefore only suitable for retrieving certain types of images. In this research we combine a wide range of features, including edge information, texture energy, and the HSV color distributions, forming a feature space of up to 1053 dimensions, in which the system can search for features most desired by the user. Through a training process using the AdaBoost algorithm9 our system can efficiently search for important features in a large set of features, as indicated by the user, and effectively retrieve the images according to these features. The characteristics of the system meet the requirements of mobile devices for performing image retrieval. The experimental results show that the performance of the proposed system is sufficiently applicable for mobile devices to retrieve images from a huge database.
VARIABILITY DESIGN TECHNIQUES FOR ENHANCING COMPONENT REUSABILITY
Authors: KIM CHUL JIN , CHO EUN SOOK , KIM SOO DONG
Published: July 2006

Components should provide variability in satisfying a variety of domains [1], but it is not easy to develop components which can be applied to all domains. For this reason, when using time-to-market, components are slow and reusability of the components decreases. Hence, providing the variability of components becomes an important prerequisite for a successful component-based application development project.

In this paper, we propose a variability design technique that can satisfy the requirements of many different kinds of domains. This technique addresses a method for designing the variability of the behavior and the workflow in a more detailed manner, and uses an object-oriented mechanism and design patterns. One of the most important goals of this technique is to provide a practical method which can be effectively applied to component-based application development.
CONGRUENCE LIFTING OF DIAGRAMS OF FINITE BOOLEAN SEMILATTICES REQUIRES LARGE CONGRUENCE VARIETIES
Authors: TŮMA JIŘÍ , WEHRUNG FRIEDRICH
Published: July 2006

We construct a diagram [Formula: see text], indexed by a finite partially ordered set, of finite Boolean 〈∨, 0, 1〉-semilattices and 〈∨, 0, 1〉-embeddings, with top semilattice 24, such that for any variety V of algebras, if [Formula: see text] has a lifting, with respect to the congruence lattice functor, by algebras and homomorphisms in V, then there exists an algebra U in V such that the congruence lattice of U contains, as a 0,1-sublattice, the five-element modular nondistributive lattice M3. In particular, V has an algebra whose congruence lattice is neither join- nor meet-semidistributive Using earlier work of K. A. Kearnes and Á. Szendrei, we also deduce that V has no nontrivial congruence lattice identity.

In particular, there is no functor Φ from finite Boolean semilattices and 〈∨, 0, 1〉-embeddings to lattices and lattice embeddings such that the composition Con Φ is equivalent to the identity (where Con denotes the congruence lattice functor), thus solving negatively a problem raised by P. Pudlák in 1985 about the existence of a functorial solution of the Congruence Lattice Problem.
PROBABILISTIC GENERATION OF WREATH PRODUCTS OF NON-ABELIAN FINITE SIMPLE GROUPS, II
Authors: QUICK MARTYN
Published: July 2006

We show that the probability of generating an iterated wreath product of non-abelian finite simple groups converges to 1 as the order of the first simple group tends to infinity provided the wreath products are constructed with transitive and faithful actions. This has the consequence that the profinite group which is the inverse limit of these iterated wreath products is positively finitely generated.
A NON-COMMUTATIVITY STATEMENT FOR ALGEBRAIC QUATERNIONS
Authors: D'ALESSANDRO FLAVIO , D'ANDREA ALESSANDRO
Published: July 2006

We prove a constructive version of Tits' alternative for groups of quaternions with algebraic coefficients by bounding valuations of their entries considered as elements of a fraction field of an opportunely chosen Dedekind domain.
TAYLOR TERMS, CONSTRAINT SATISFACTION AND THE COMPLEXITY OF POLYNOMIAL EQUATIONS OVER FINITE ALGEBRAS
Authors: LAROSE BENOIT , ZÁDORI LÁSZLÓ
Published: July 2006

We study the algorithmic complexity of determining whether a system of polynomial equations over a finite algebra admits a solution. We characterize, within various families of algebras, which of them give rise to an NP-complete problem and which yield a problem solvable in polynomial time. In particular, we prove a dichotomy result which encompasses the cases of lattices, rings, modules, quasigroups and also generalizes a result of Goldmann and Russell for groups [15].
RESIDUAL-BASED STABILIZED HIGHER-ORDER FEM FOR A GENERALIZED OSEEN PROBLEM
Authors: LUBE GERT , RAPIN GERD
Published: July 2006

In many numerical schemes for standard turbulence models for the nonstationary, incompressible Navier–Stokes equations, the problem is split into linearized auxiliary problems of advection-diffusion-reaction and of Oseen type. Here we present the numerical analysis of a conforming hp-version for stabilized Galerkin methods of SUPG/PSPG-type of the latter problem whereas the analysis of the former problem is reviewed in Ref. 22. We prove a modified inf–sup condition with a constant, which is independent of the spectral order and the viscosity. Moreover, the analysis of the stabilization parameters highlights the role of grad-div stabilization, in particular in case of div-stable velocity-pressure approximation.
A REFINED ERROR ANALYSIS OF MITC PLATE ELEMENTS
Authors: LYLY MIKKO , NIIRANEN JARKKO , STENBERG ROLF
Published: July 2006

We consider the Mixed Interpolated (Tensorial Components) finite element families for the Reissner–Mindlin plate model. For the case of a convex domain with clamped boundary conditions, we prove regularity results and derive new error estimates which are uniformly valid with respect to the thickness parameter.
A NEW NONCONFORMING MIXED FINITE ELEMENT METHOD FOR LINEAR ELASTICITY
Authors: YI SON-YOUNG
Published: July 2006

We have developed new nonconforming mixed finite element methods for linear elasticity with a pure traction (displacement) boundary condition based on the Hellinger–Reissner variational principle using rectangular elements. Convergence analysis yields an optimal (suboptimal) convergence rate of [Formula: see text] for the L2-error of the stress and [Formula: see text] for the displacement in the pure traction (displacement) boundary problem. However, numerical experiments have yielded optimal-order convergence rates for both stress and displacement in both problems and have shown superconvergence for the displacement at the midpoint of each element. Moreover, we observed that the optimal convergence rates are still valid for large λ.
OPTICAL AND STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF NITROGENATED DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON FILMS PREPARED BY r.f. PECVD
Authors: RUSOP M. , ABDULLAH S. , PODDER J. , SOGA T. , JIMBO T.
Published: July 2006

Nitrogenated diamond-like carbon films have been deposited on glass and p-type Si (100) substrates by radio frequency (r.f.) plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) with a frequency of 13.56 MHz at room temperature using CH 4 as precursor of carbon source and H 2 as a carrier gas. The deposition was performed at a different flow rate of nitrogen from 0 to 12 sccm under a constant r.f. power. The effect of nitrogen incorporation on the bonding states and growth kinetics of the deposited films have been investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and optical properties by UV spectroscopy measurement. Our experimental results show that the incorporation of nitrogen has a considerable effect on the properties of the deposited films. FTIR spectra show that the nitrogen is bonded to carbon and hydrogen as C=N , C≡N , N–H and C–H bonding configurations in the as-deposited film. The incorporation of nitrogen is found to shift the Raman G peak toward the higher wave number and to increase the Raman I D /I G ratio demonstrating the graphitic character of the hydrogenated amorphous carbon–nitrogen films. Band gap is found to reduce with the increase in nitrogen concentration.
STRUCTURE AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ZnO THIN FILM PREPARED BY SPIN COATING
Authors: MA GUANGPENG , HAN JIANRU , YANG CHANGHONG , XU HONGYAN , YANG DONGMEI , GU SHENGLI , JIANG FIYI
Published: July 2006

ZnO thin films were prepared on silica glass substrates by a sol–gel spin coating technique. The thickness of the films was about 200 nm. At 370 nm in the ultraviolet region, there is a sharp absorption edge that corresponds to the ZnO intrinsic band gap of 3.30 eV. The structural properties of the films were examined by X-ray diffraction, which demonstrates that the ZnO films were c-axis oriented. From the infrared spectrum, we conclude that ZnO was deposited on silica glass substrates through a high temperature process at 700°C.
CHEMISORPTIONS OF ATOMIC OXYGEN AND ITS REPLACEMENT BY HYDROGEN ON THE DIAMOND (100) SURFACE STUDIED BY FIRST PRINCIPLES
Authors: WANG Z. G. , ZU X. T. , NIE J. L. , XIAO H. Y.
Published: July 2006

The initial oxidation process of a clean diamond (100) surface was studied by first-principles calculations. The O -bridge with C–O–C bond chemisorption, O -on-dimer chemisorption with epoxy structure, and O -on-top chemisorption with C=O bond structure are found to be stable on the diamond (100) surfaces. The epoxy structure is more stable than the O -bridge structure. The calculation also shows that the oxygen atom can be replaced by hydrogen in the oxidized diamond (100) surface.
PREPARATION OF Au-LOADED TiO2 BY PHOTOCHEMICAL DEPOSITION AND OZONE PHOTOCATALYTIC DECOMPOSITION
Authors: HE PANKE , ZHANG MIN , YANG DONGMEI , YANG JIANJUN
Published: July 2006

In this paper, Au -loaded TiO 2( Au/TiO 2) photocatalysts were prepared by photochemical deposition method and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results indicated the metallic Au nanoparticles were deposited on the surface of TiO 2 after the high-pressure mercury irradiation and regarded as an electronegative center. The photocatalytic decomposition of gaseous ozone was investigated on TiO 2 and Au -loaded TiO 2 at room temperature. Results indicated that the photocatalytic conversion of ozone can be improved by Au/TiO 2 and photocatalytic activity increased with the increase of the photodeposition time. The photocatalytic removal rate of ozone remained above 96% on the surface of 1% Au/TiO 2 with photodeposition for 120 min under black lamp irradiation for 20 h. Au cluster deposited on the surface of TiO 2 functioned not only as the electron trap center but also as the adsorption site of O 3 in photocatalytic reaction.
PHOTOLUMINESCENCE PROPERTIES OF Er DOPED INTO C-RICH SiC NANOPARTICLE FILMS
Authors: HUANG SHIYONG , XU S. , LONG JIDONG , SUN Z. , WANG X. Z. , CHEN Y. W. , CHEN T. , NI C. , ZHANG Z. J. , WANG L. L. , LI X. D. , GUO P. S. , QUE W. X.
Published: July 2006

Polycrystalline silicon carbide ( P-SiC ) films containing SiC nanoparticles and Er were prepared by r.f. reactive magnetron co-sputtering technique with SiC and Er targets on low-temperature silicon (111) and silicon dioxide substrates with the mixed gas of pure argon, methane, and hydrogen. Surface morphology and photoluminescence (PL) properties of them were measured by field-emission scanning electron microscope and Raman spectroscopy. The peak position, intensity, and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of PL spectra were relevant with Er doping levels and deposition conditions.
ADSORPTION BEHAVIOR OF DODECYLAMINE AND ITS EFFECT ON THE WETTABILITY AND CORROSION OF CARBON STEEL
Authors: CHEN Z. Y. , GUO X. P. , ZHANG Q.
Published: July 2006

The adsorption behavior of dodecylamine and its effect on the wettability and corrosion of carbon steel in hydrochloric acid solution were studied. Polarization data suggest that inhibition of carbon steel corrosion is due to geometric blocking effect of adsorbed dodecylamine molecules on the metal surface, which leads to the formation of a monolayer on the metal. Phase images measured by tapping-mode atomic force microscopy (AFM) reveal different properties of the surface with and without various concentrations of dodecylamine. AFM force–distance curves indicate that sample surface exhibits adhesion characteristic after the adsorption of dodecylamine. Contact angle measurements show that dodecylamine reduces surface wettability obviously.
APPLICATIONS OF ELECTROPHORETIC DEPOSITION IN THE COATING AND POROUS MATERIALS FABRICATIONS
Authors: YAO LIANG , CHEN CHUANZHONG , WANG DIANGANG , BAO QUANHE , MA JIE , QI BIAO
Published: July 2006

Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is a good method in the fabrication of the coating materials. Its processing parameters are easy to be operate. It is a nonbeeline process and can be used in the deposition on complex shape and porous surface. It has been widely used in many ways. This paper reviews the principles and fabrication steps of EPD and points out the influencing factors. The developments of EPD in the fabrication of materials, such as solid surface coatings, porous structure materials and gradient materials, are introduced in detail. The future of the application of EPD is also discussed.
ON THE SURFACE GYROMAGNETIC PLASMONS IN A METAL SPHERE
Authors: BASTRUKOV SERGEY , LAI PIK-YIN
Published: July 2006

It is argued that in the long wavelength limit of electromagnetic, far infrared, field optical response of an ultrafine metal particle threaded by uniform magnetic field can be properly modeled by equations of semiclassical electron theory in terms of the surface inertial-wave-like oscillations of free electrons driven by Lorentz restoring force. The detailed calculation of the frequency of size-independent gyromagnetic plasmon resonances computed as a function of multipole degree of electron cyclotron oscillations is presented. This spectrum is derived in juxtaposition with the canonical Mie's spectral formula for the surface plasmon resonances caused by the Coulomb-force-driven plasma oscillations of conduction electrons.
A MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF BLOOD FLOW IN AN INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM: ANALYTICAL AND NUMERICAL STUDY
Authors: NIKOLOV SVETOSLAV , STOYTCHEV STOYAN
Published: July 2006

An aneurysm is a local enlargement of the vessel lumen due to the weakening of the wall material. We propose a mathematical model of the pulsatile blood flow through the system consisting of the cerebral artery and an aneurysm. The mathematical model is based on mass and energy conservation laws. It comprises non-linear rheological properties of the aneurysm and artery, and inertial and resistant properties of the blood flow. The model equations are analyzed by the methods of non-linear dynamics and they are solved numerically. Special attention is paid to the flow stability as a function of the aneurysmal and arterial material properties, the mean and oscillating arterial pressure, and the frequency of heart pulsations. The results of the work can be summarized as follows: (i) the model equations are stable at normal physiological conditions and developed aneurysms, (ii) with decreasing of the aneurysmal compliance, the aneurysmal volume pulsations increase and a limit point of flow stability is approached, (iii) the increased amplitude of the pulsatile pressure and the heart frequency cannot lead to flow instabilities.
INFERENCE OF SCALE-FREE NETWORKS FROM GENE EXPRESSION TIME SERIES
Authors: DAISUKE TOMINAGA , HORTON PAUL
Published: July 2006

Quantitative time-series observation of gene expression is becoming possible, for example by cell array technology. However, there are no practical methods with which to infer network structures using only observed time-series data. As most computational models of biological networks for continuous time-series data have a high degree of freedom, it is almost impossible to infer the correct structures. On the other hand, it has been reported that some kinds of biological networks, such as gene networks and metabolic pathways, may have scale-free properties. We hypothesize that the architecture of inferred biological network models can be restricted to scale-free networks. We developed an inference algorithm for biological networks using only time-series data by introducing such a restriction. We adopt the S-system as the network model, and a distributed genetic algorithm to optimize models to fit its simulated results to observed time series data.

We have tested our algorithm on a case study (simulated data). We compared optimization under no restriction, which allows for a fully connected network, and under the restriction that the total number of links must equal that expected from a scale free network. The restriction reduced both false positive and false negative estimation of the links and also the differences between model simulation and the given time-series data.
RNAKINETICS: A WEB SERVER THAT MODELS SECONDARY STRUCTURE KINETICS OF AN ELONGATING RNA
Authors: DANILOVA LUDMILA V. , PERVOUCHINE DMITRI D. , FAVOROV ALEXANDER V. , MIRONOV ANDREI A.
Published: July 2006

The RNAKinetics server () is a web interface for the newly developed RNAKinetics software. The software models the dynamics of RNA secondary structure by the means of kinetic analysis of folding transitions of a growing RNA molecule. The result of the modeling is a kinetic ensemble, i.e. a collection of RNA structures that are endowed with probabilities, which depend on time. This approach gives comprehensive probabilistic description of RNA folding pathways, revealing important kinetic details that are not captured by the traditional structure prediction methods. The access to the RNAKinetics server is free.
PREDICTING ANTISENSE RNAs IN THE GENOMES OF ESCHERICHIA COLI AND SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM USING PROMOTER-SEARCH ALGORITHM PLATPROM
Authors: OZOLINE OLGA N. , DEEV ALEXANDER A.
Published: July 2006

A pattern recognition software PlatProm, which takes into consideration both sequence-specific and structure-specific features in the genetic environment of the promoter sites and identifies transcription start points with a very high accuracy was used to reveal potentially transcribed regions in the genomes of two bacterial species. Along with the expected promoters located upstream from coding sequences PlatProm identified several hundred of very similar signals in other intergenic regions and within coding sequences. Homologous genes of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium, containing potential promoters on the template strand are suggested as putative targets for regulations by antisense RNA-products (aRNAs).
IS IT POSSIBLE TO PREDICT AMYLOIDOGENIC REGIONS FROM SEQUENCE ALONE?
Authors: GALZITSKAYA OXANA V. , GARBUZYNSKIY SERGIY O. , YU. LOBANOV MICHAIL
Published: July 2006

Identification of potentially amyloidogenic regions in polypeptide chains is very important because the amyloid fibril formation can be induced in most normal proteins. In our work we suggest a new method to detect amyloidogenic regions in protein sequence. It is based on the assumption that packing is tight inside an amyloid and therefore regions which could potentially pack well would have a tendency to form amyloids. This means that the regions with strong expected packing of residues would be responsible for the amyloid formation. We use this property to identify potentially amyloidogenic regions in proteins basing on their amino acid sequences only. Our predictions are consistent with known disease-related amyloidogenic regions for 8 of 11 amyloid-forming proteins and peptides in which the positions of amyloidogenic regions have been revealed experimentally. Predictions of the regions which are responsible for the formation of amyloid fibrils in proteins unrelated to disease have been also done.
ENTANGLEMENT SHARING: FROM QUBITS TO GAUSSIAN STATES
Authors: ADESSO GERARDO , ILLUMINATI FABRIZIO
Published: July 2006

It is a central trait of quantum information theory that there exist limitations to the free sharing of quantum correlations among multiple parties. Such monogamy constraints have been introduced in a landmark paper by Coffman, Kundu and Wootters, who derived a quantitative inequality expressing a trade-off between the couplewise and the genuine tripartite entanglement for states of three qubits. Since then, a lot of efforts have been devoted to the investigation of distributed entanglement in multipartite quantum systems. In this paper we report, in a unifying framework, a bird's eye view of the most relevant results that have been established so far on entanglement sharing in quantum systems. We will take off from the domain of N qubits, graze qudits, and finally land in the almost unexplored territory of multimode Gaussian states of continuous variable systems.
EFFICIENT AND PERFECT STATE TRANSFER IN QUANTUM CHAINS
Authors: BURGARTH DANIEL , BOSE SOUGATO , GIOVANNETTI VITTORIO
Published: July 2006

We present a communication protocol for chains of permanently coupled qubits which achieves perfect quantum state transfer and which is efficient with respect to the number of chains employed in the scheme. The system consists of M uncoupled identical quantum chains. Local control (gates, measurements) is only allowed at the sending/receiving end of the chains. Under a quite general hypothesis on the interaction Hamiltonian of the qubits, a theorem can be proved which shows that the receiver is able to asymptotically recover the messages by repetitive monitoring of his qubits. We show how two parallel Heisenberg spin chains can be used as quantum wires. Perfect state transfer with a probability of failure lower than P in a Heisenberg chain of N spin-1/2 particles can be achieved in a time scale of the order of [Formula: see text].
ADDITIVITY IN ISOTROPIC QUANTUM SPIN CHANNELS
Authors: DATTA NILANJANA
Published: July 2006

We prove additivity of the minimum output entropy and the Holevo capacity for rotationally invariant quantum channels acting on spin-1/2 and spin-1 systems. The physical significance of these channels and their relations to other known channels is also discussed.
IMPLEMENTATION OF QUANTUM COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS IN JOSEPHSON JUNCTION ARRAYS
Authors: ROMITO ALESSANDRO , DE CHIARA GABRIELE , ROSSINI DAVIDE , MONTANGERO SIMONE
Published: July 2006

We discuss simple protocols to realize state transfer with high fidelity in Josephson junction arrays. We consider both the cases of constant and properly modulated couplings between the site of the chain. We investigate the influence of static disorder both in the Josephson energies and in the coupling to the background gate charges and we show that they can lead to a fractal fidelity. We also analyze the readout process, and its backaction on the state transfer.
MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATION FOR A GROUP OF PHYSICAL TRANSFORMATIONS
Authors: CHIRIBELLA GIULIO , D'ARIANO GIACOMO MAURO , PERINOTTI PAOLO , SACCHI MASSIMILIANO F.
Published: July 2006

The maximum likelihood strategy for the estimation of group parameters allows one to derive in a general fashion optimal measurements, optimal signal states, and their relations with other information theoretical quantities. These results provide deep insight into the general structure underlying optimal quantum estimation strategies. The entanglement between representation spaces and multiplicity spaces of the group action appears to be the unique kind of entanglement which is really useful for the optimal estimation of group parameters.
METHOD AND SIMULATION OF THE USE OF MICRO SHEAR STRESS SENSOR ARRAY IN DETECTING BOUNDARY-LAYER SEPARATION POINT
Authors: LIU KUI , YUAN WEI-ZHENG , MA BING-HE , JIANG CHENG-YU , DENG JIN-JUN
Published: July 2006

At the boundary layer's separation point, the mean of the shear stress drops to a small value while its fluctuation increases dramatically. Based on the thermal method, we can fabricate a MEMS-based shear stress sensor array to bend with the curved surface, which can measure the shear stress profile of the boundary layer. This paper presents two methods, mean and RMS of the shear stress difference max value and the second order of the array signals difference algorithm, to calculate the location of the flow separation point. Through combination of the two methods and analyzing the 2D circular column CFD simulation data, the position of the separation point can be determined accurately.
KNOWLEDGE EXTRACTION FROM FALL-TIME AUTO-CORRELATED PATTERNS BY USING NEURAL RULE BASED EXPERT SYSTEM
Authors: ELFADIL NAZAR , IBRAHIM INTISAR
Published: July 2006

In this paper, the author presents an approach for automated knowledge acquisition system using Kohonen self-organizing maps and k-means clustering. The extracted knowledge in terms of rules are used as knowledge base for a rule based expert system. For the sake of illustrating and validating the system overall architecture, a fall-time auto-correlated data patterns has been used as a learning data set. The verification of the produced knowledge based was conducted by conventional expert system.
SUBSPACE LEARNING BASED ON LAPLACIAN EIGENMAPS AND LDA FOR FACE RECOGNITION
Authors: PANG YANWEI , LIU ZHENGKAI , SUN YUEFANG
Published: July 2006

Subspace-based face recognition method aims to find a low-dimensional subspace of face appearance embedded in a high-dimensional image space. The differences between different methods lie in their different motivations and objective functions. The objective function of the proposed method is formed by combining the ideas of linear Laplacian eigenmaps and linear discriminant analysis. The actual computation of the subspace reduces to a maximum eigenvalue problem. Major advantage of the proposed method over traditional methods is that it utilizes both local manifold structure information and discriminant information of the training data. Experimental results on the AR face databases demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A NEW APPROACH FOR CENTRALIZED END-SYSTEM MULTICAST PROTOCOL
Authors: EL-SAYED AYMAN
Published: July 2006

In this paper we propose a new approach of application-level multicast protocol providing a group communication service. This protocol, called End-System Multicast (ESM), and can be used when native multicast routing is not available. ESM is a centralized protocol where everything is being controlled by a single host called Rendez-vous point (RPL1), connected indirectly to the group members via some hosts called secondary Rendez-vous Point (RPL2). Each RPL2 has some group members that constitute a cluster, and each cluster is controlled by its RPL2. Since the group control is divided among some RPL2 and a main controller (RPL1) manages the relation among RPL2 s and between itself and RPL2 s , we found that the scalability is improved and it also avoids the bottleneck problem near the RPL1, or there is a load balance.
DIFFERENCES IN REPORTED FIRM PERFORMANCE BY GENDER: DOES INDUSTRY MATTER?
Authors: SWINNEY JANE L. , RUNYAN RODNEY C. , HUDDLESTON PATRICIA
Published: July 2006

Business performance results were collected from small business entrepreneurs in one Mid-western state operating in the retail and services industries. These industries account for more than 80 percent of female entrepreneurs' fields of operation. The pattern of reported firm performance between the genders indicated that male entrepreneurs with a high school education reported the highest firm performance scores overall. Female entrepreneurs with a college degree reported the highest firm performance scores among female entrepreneurs. Aspiring female entrepreneurs need to be encouraged to complete higher education as it translates into strong future business performance.
RISE AND FALL OF AN INNOVATIVE ORGANISATION: THE INNOVATION JOURNEY OF ERICSSON ENSCHEDE
Authors: VISSCHER KLAASJAN , DE WEERD-NEDERHOF PETRA C.
Published: July 2006

This paper presents a case history of an Ericsson design centre in the Netherlands, from its founding in 1990 till its dramatic end in 2003. The paper describes the development of the organisation over the years — its origins, the abundant growth, the many organisational and technological metamorphoses it underwent and the eventual downfall. The purpose of this paper is to search for patterns in the dynamics of internationally operating R&D organisations and to clarify the peculiarities in the innovation journey of this Ericsson design centre. In particular, we focus on the actions of local R&D managers, the design of organisational forms, the relation between technology and organisation, and the relation between local design centres and their headquarters.
DETERMINANTS OF AN EFFECTIVE PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PROCESS: TOWARDS A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR PROCESS INDUSTRY
Authors: CHRONÉER DIANA , LAURELL-STENLUND KRISTINA
Published: July 2006

Organisation and management of the product development process have been an issue in both academia and industry for over three decades. The literature on product development is growing, but Process Industry is often lacking in these discussions. Therefore, this paper focuses on linking the determinants of an effective product development process to Process Industry and the implication this may have on a traditionally very process-oriented industry by nature. Further, the paper organises the burgeoning product development literature into three main determinants: innovation type, technology strategy and organisational aspect. The selection of determinants to the conceptual framework, adjusting for Process Industry origins in previous written research material and our own empirical work of product development in Process Industry, is briefly presented at the beginning of the paper. Our literature review focuses on the product development process and builds the framework of our conceptual model detailing the elements of intra- and inter-firm processes in the product development process of the Process Industry. Our purpose is to give an increased understanding of the changed innovation pattern in Process Industry and its implication on activities concerning organisation and management of the product development process.
MANAGED FORMATION PROCESS OF R&D NETWORKS
Authors: HEIKKINEN MARKO T. , TÄHTINEN JAANA
Published: July 2006

Because of fundamental changes in the competitive environment, the amount of resources and knowledge needed in research and development (R&D) activities has become overwhelming for a single organisation. Moreover, new technologies create lucrative new possibilities for new service development, which are out of reach for a single organisation. Thus, there is a strong need to perform R&D activities in networks. This study increases the understanding of R&D networks by presenting an empirically grounded process model of the formation of such networks. The model has three main elements: the initial conditions, the role of network webber and the sub-processes through which the formation progresses. The process model highlights the importance of the network webber both in triggering the formation process and in managing the process. Moreover, the model suggests a view of the process that is overlapping and iterative, i.e., the sub-processes of enabling the network, acquiring actors, assuring continuity, formal structuring, learning and developing commitment do not follow each other in a certain order.
A GENERALIZATION OF A THEOREM OF BUMBY ON QUARTIC DIOPHANTINE EQUATIONS
Authors: BENNETT MICHAEL A. , TOGBÉ ALAIN , WALSH P. G.
Published: July 2006

Bumby proved that the only positive integer solutions to the quartic Diophantine equation 3X4 - 2Y2 = 1 are (X, Y) = (1, 1),(3, 11). In this paper, we use Thue's hypergeometric method to prove that, for each integer m ≥ 1, the only positive integers solutions to the Diophantine equation (m2 + m + 1)X4 - (m2 + m)Y2 = 1 are (X,Y) = (1, 1),(2m + 1, 4m2 + 4m + 3).
THE CASE OF THE MYSTERIOUS SEVENS
Authors: HIRSCHHORN MICHAEL D.
Published: July 2006

We give a simple, direct proof of a theorem involving partitions into distinct parts, where multiples of 7 come in two colours.
TRIANGLE-RECTANGLE PAIRS WITH A COMMON AREA AND A COMMON PERIMETER
Authors: BREMNER ANDREW , GUY RICHARD K.
Published: July 2006

We solve a problem of Bill Sands, to find pairs of Heron triangles and rectangles, such as (5,5,6) & [2 × 6] or (13,20,21) & [6 × 21] which have a common area and a common perimeter. The original question was posed for right-angled triangles, but there are no nondegenerate such. There are infinitely many isosceles triangles and these have been exhibited by Guy. Here we solve the general problem; the triangle-rectangle pairs are parametrized by a family of elliptic curves.
EISENSTEIN LATTICES, GALOIS RINGS AND QUATERNARY CODES
Authors: GABORIT PHILIPPE , NATIVIDAD ANN MARIE , SOLÉ PATRICK
Published: July 2006

Self-dual codes over the Galois ring GR(4,2) are investigated. Of special interest are quadratic double circulant codes. Euclidean self-dual (Type II) codes yield self-dual (Type II) ℤ4-codes by projection on a trace orthogonal basis. Hermitian self-dual codes also give self-dual ℤ4-codes by the cubic construction, as well as Eisenstein lattices by Construction A. Applying a suitable Gray map to self-dual codes over the ring gives formally self-dual 𝔽4-codes, most notably in length 12 and 24.

Extremal unimodular lattices in dimension 38, 42 and the first extremal 3-modular lattice in dimension 44 are constructed.
p-ADIC AND COMBINATORIAL PROPERTIES OF MODULAR FORM COEFFICIENTS
Authors: LOH PO-RU , RHOADES ROBERT C.
Published: July 2006

For two particular classes of elliptic curves, we establish congruences relating the coefficients of their corresponding modular forms to combinatorial objects. These congruences resemble a supercongruence for the Apéry numbers conjectured by Beukers and proved by Ahlgren and Ono in [1]. We also consider the trace Tr 2k(Γ0(N), n) of the Hecke operator Tn acting on the space of cusp forms S2k(Γ0(N)). We show that for (n, N) = 1, these traces interpolate p-adically in the weight aspect.
Cyclooxygenase-2 is required for activated pancreatic stellate cells to respond to proinflammatory cytokines
Authors: Aoki Hiroyoshi , Ohnishi Hirohide , Hama Kouji , Shinozaki Satoshi , Kita Hiroto , Osawa Hiroyuki , Yamamoto Hironori , Sato Kiichi , Tamada Kiichi , Sugano Kentaro
Published: July 2006

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mediates various inflammatory responses and is expressed in pancreatic tissue from patients with chronic pancreatitis. To examine the role of COX-2 in chronic pancreatitis, we investigated its participation in regulating functions of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), using isolated rat PSCs. COX-2 was expressed in culture-activated PSCs but not in freshly isolated quiescent PSCs. TGF-β1, IL-1β, and IL-6 enhanced COX-2 expression in activated PSCs, concomitantly increasing the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), a parameter of PSC activation. The COX-2 inhibitor NS-398 blocked culture activation of freshly isolated quiescent PSCs. NS-398 also inhibited the enhancement of α-SMA expression by TGF-β1, IL-1β, and IL-6 in activated PSCs. These data indicate that COX-2 is required for the initiation and promotion of PSC activation. We further investigated the mechanism by which cytokines enhance COX-2 expression in PSCs. Adenovirus-mediated expression of dominant negative Smad2/3 inhibited the increase in expression of COX-2, α-SMA, and collagen-1 mediated by TGF-β1 in activated PSCs. Moreover, dominant negative Smad2/3 expression attenuated the expression of COX-2 and α-SMA enhanced by IL-1β and IL-6. Anti-TGF-β neutralizing antibody also attenuated the increase in COX-2 and α-SMA expression caused by IL-1β and IL-6. IL-6 as well as IL-1β enhanced TGF-β1 secretion from PSCs. These data indicate that Smad2/3-dependent pathway plays a central role in COX-2 induction by TGF-β1, IL-1β, and IL-6. Furthermore, IL-1β and IL-6 promote PSC activation by enhancing COX-2 expression indirectly through Smad2/3-dependent pathway by increasing TGF-β1 secretion from PSCs.
Fibulin-5 gene expression in human lung fibroblasts is regulated by TGF-β and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity
Authors: Kuang Ping-Ping , Joyce-Brady Martin , Zhang Xiao-Hui , Jean Jyh-Chang , Goldstein Ronald H.
Published: July 2006

Fibulin-5 (FBLN5), an extracellular matrix glycoprotein required for normal elastogenesis, is coordinately expressed with elastin during lung injury and repair. We found that treatment with transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) induced a rapid but transient increase in FBLN5 heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA) followed by a sustained increased in the steady-state level of FBLN5 mRNA. The transcription start site of the human FBLN5 gene was localized at 221 nucleotides upstream of the translation start site by using primer extension, Northern blots, and functional analysis of transcriptional activity in reporter plasmids containing 5′-flanking regions. TGF-β markedly increased FBLN5 promoter activity in transient transfection assays. Two putative Smad-binding sites were identified within the proximal promoter and are required for this TGF-β induction. Electrophoretic gel mobility shift assay revealed that TGF-β strongly increased binding of Smad2 and Smad3 nuclear complexes to the proximal FBLN5 promoter and induced a Smad2/3-dependent binding of slow migrating nuclear protein complex. FBLN5 mRNA induction by TGF-β was blocked by pretreatment with TGF-β receptor inhibitor SB-431542, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) inhibitor LY-294002, and actinomycin D. Basal and TGF-β-induced FBLN5 hnRNA and mRNA were strongly and proportionally decreased by LY-294002, as was TGF-β-induced phosphorylation of Akt, but not Smad3, as measured by Western blot analysis. In addition, LY-294002 markedly and proportionally decreased FBLN5 promoter activity in transient transfection analyses with TGF-β-treated or untreated lung fibroblasts. These studies demonstrate that induction of FBLN5 gene expression in lung fibroblasts is mediated via canonical TGF-β/Smad signaling and requires the PI3-kinase/Akt pathway.