bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Real‐world risk of lower‐limb amputation associated with sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors versus metformin: A propensity score‐matched model analysis in Japan
Authors: Mizutani Gen , Horii Takeshi , Oikawa Yoichi , Atsuda Koichiro , Shimada Akira
Published: September 2022

Aims/Introduction

We aimed to clarify the real‐world risk of lower‐limb amputation and identify factors related to increased risk in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes using sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is).

Materials and Methods

We carried out a retrospective observational cohort study utilizing the Japanese Medical Data Vision, a diagnosis procedure combination database. We identified 107,296 patients with type 2 diabetes who were initiated on SGLT2is or metformin (control; n = 53,648 per group) using 1:1 propensity score matching from April 2014 to October 2019. The hazard ratio (HR) for the risk of lower‐limb amputation was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for patients' baseline characteristics and use of concomitant medical agents.

Results

Of the 107,296 patients, 66 (0.06%); that is, 41 (0.08%) in the SGLT2is group and 25 (0.05%) in the metformin group, underwent amputation, with no significant difference in the proportions between the groups. There was no significant difference in the risk of amputation between the SGLT2is and metformin groups (HR 1.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.80–2.24). However, female sex (HR 2.78, 95% CI 1.12–6.94) and use of strong statins (HR 2.68; 95% CI 1.18–8.20) were significantly associated with a higher risk of amputation in the SGLT2is group than in the metformin group.

Conclusions

SGLT2is might not be related to an increased risk of lower‐limb amputation in patients with type 2 diabetes in real‐world clinical practice. The possible increased risk of SGLT2is‐associated amputation in female patients with type 2 diabetes and patients with type 2 diabetes requiring strong statins is notable.
The impact of conventional versus robust norming on cognitive characterization and clinical classification of MCI and dementia
Authors: Kaser Alyssa N. , Kaplan David M. , Goette William , Kiselica Andrew M.
Published: September 2022

We examined the impact of conventional versus robust normative approaches on cognitive characterization and clinical classification of MCI versus dementia. The sample included participants from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set. Separate demographically adjusted z‐scores for cognitive tests were derived from conventional (n = 4273) and robust (n = 602) normative groups. To assess the impact of deriving scores from a conventional versus robust normative group on cognitive characterization, we examined likelihood of having a low score on each neuropsychological test. Next, we created receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for the ability of normed scores derived from each normative group to differentiate between MCI (n = 3570) and dementia (n = 1564). We examined the impact of choice of normative group on classification accuracy by comparing sensitivity and specificity values and areas under the curves (AUC). Compared with using a conventional normative group, using a robust normative group resulted in a higher likelihood of low cognitive scores for individuals classified with MCI and dementia. Comparison of the classification accuracy for distinguishing MCI from dementia did not suggest a statistically significant advantage for either normative approach (Z = −0.29, p = .77; AUC = 0.86 for conventional and AUC = 0.86 for robust). In summary, these results indicate that using a robust normative group increases the likelihood of characterizing cognitive performance as low. However, there is not a clear advantage of using a robust over a conventional normative group when differentiating between MCI and dementia.
Psychosocial interventions with art and music during stem cell transplantation: An integrative review
Authors: Hickey Katherine Dantanus , Farrington Naomi , Townsend Kay
Published: September 2022

Objectives

The objective of this study is to systematically review the literature with the following aims: to survey the art and music interventions offered to the stem cell transplant population; to define the interventions' beneficial properties by conceptualising themes; to analyse these themes using behavioural activation principles as a lens and explore their value in alleviating isolation‐related distress.

Background

Patients undergoing stem cell transplant are at great risk of psychological morbidity, partly on account of prolonged hospital stays in protective isolation. This risk extends beyond discharge and into ambulatory care, negatively affecting quality‐of‐life and survival rates of the transplant recipients.

Design

Integrative review methodology.

Methods

A systematic search of 10 bibliographic databases was undertaken using terms relating to art, music and stem cell transplantation for the years 2012 to 2019. Records were assessed for quality and risk‐of‐bias using a critical appraisal tool and following the PRISMA Systematic Review checklist to guide reporting. Studies were analysed narratively and thematically.

Results

The 16 papers were of mixed quality. Findings and treatment effects differed between and within studies. The beneficial attributes of the treatments were clustered and divided into two groups. The first consisted of intrinsic, patient‐focussed factors: (1) Creative outlet or acquisition of a new skill; (2) achievement of normality; (3) mutual or peer‐support; (4) relationship‐building and (5) meaningful recreation, distraction and diversion. The second group considered extrinsic factors: (6) Improved communication; (7) enhanced spiritual care and (8) better healthcare experience.

Conclusions

Several art and music interventions have been attempted which were beneficial to patients and generated a sense of achievement, connection and enjoyment. The interventions appear to uphold the principles of person‐centred holistic care and have potential to generate a high‐quality, supportive healthcare and working environment.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Psychosocial interventions with art and music have improved the care and experience of patients undergoing stem cell transplant.
Presenting signs and clinical outcome in dogs with metaphyseal osteopathy: 39 cases (2009–2018)
Authors: Robertson A. L. , Black V. L. , Villedieu E. , Clarke K. E. , Faux I. , Major A. , Adamantos S.
Published: September 2022

Objective

To describe the presenting signs, concurrent conditions, treatment and outcome of dogs with metaphyseal osteopathy.

Materials and Methods

Multi‐centre retrospective review of medical records from January 2009 to September 2018 at four referral centres to identify dogs with a radiographic diagnosis of metaphyseal osteopathy.

Results

Thirty‐nine dogs were identified. The median age at onset was 14 weeks old (range, 8 to 32 weeks old). There was a higher proportion of male dogs (29 of 39 male entire, nine of 39 female entire, one of 39 female neutered and no male neutered dogs). Where information was available, median time from the most recent vaccination was 20 days (range, 2 to 144 days). The most commonly recorded clinical signs were pyrexia (34 of 39), lethargy (32 of 39), pain (30 of 39), and being non‐ambulatory (17 of 39). Thirty‐five dogs required hospitalisation for analgesia and supportive care, 19 of 39 were discharged on prednisolone (median dose 2.0 mg/kg/day; range, 0.9 to 2.6 mg/kg/day), 18 of 39 were discharged on non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatories, two of 39 did not receive NSAIDs or prednisolone at any time point. The median duration of hospitalisation for those admitted was 5 days (range, 1 to 21 days). Where follow‐up was available, relapse occurred in eight of 25 cases before reaching skeletal maturity. At the time of metaphyseal osteopathy diagnosis, five of 39 cases had concurrent conditions. Where follow‐up was available, four of 25 developed future immune‐mediated conditions.

Clinical Significance

Metaphyseal osteopathy should be considered in non‐ambulatory painful young dogs. Some dogs developed future immune‐mediated conditions, which may support the hypothesis that metaphyseal osteopathy is an autoinflammatory bone disorder. Further studies with a larger cohort are required to determine the clinical significance of this.
Closed‐loop acoustic stimulation during an afternoon nap to modulate subsequent encoding
Authors: Koo‐Poeggel Ping , Neuwerk Soé , Petersen Eike , Grasshoff Jan , Mölle Matthias , Martinetz Thomas , Marshall Lisa
Published: September 2022

Sleep is able to contribute not only to memory consolidation, but also to post‐sleep learning. The notion exists that either synaptic downscaling or another process during sleep increase post‐sleep learning capacity. A correlation between augmentation of the sleep slow oscillation and hippocampal activation at encoding support the contribution of sleep to encoding of declarative memories. In the present study, the effect of closed‐loop acoustic stimulation during an afternoon nap on post‐sleep encoding of two verbal (word pairs, verbal learning and memory test) and non‐verbal (figural pairs) tasks and on electroencephalogram during sleep and learning were investigated in young healthy adults (N = 16). Closed‐loop acoustic stimulation enhanced slow oscillatory and spindle activity, but did not affect encoding at the group level. Subgroup analyses and comparisons with similar studies lead us to the tentative conclusion that further parameters such as time of day and subjects' cognitive ability influenced responses to closed‐loop acoustic stimulation.
Towards a re‐conceptualization of flow in social contexts
Authors: Hackert Benedikt , Lumma Anna‐Lena , Raettig Tim , Berger Bettina , Weger Ulrich
Published: September 2022

The antecedents and outcomes of individual‐level flow are well documented in a large body of literature. However, flow does not only occur in isolation ‐ quite to the contrary, recent evidence suggests that social interaction can facilitate the experience of flow. Therefore, we propose a taxonomy, which distinguishes five different flow states according to two global factors: interactional synchrony and self‐other overlap. Solitary flow bears all characteristics developed by Csikszentmihalyi. Co‐active flow is facilitated or hampered by the presence of other people. Private interactive flow emerges on the grounds of a minimal unidirectional interaction with more passive others; only the active subject is in flow. In shared interactive flow, a fully synchronized activity between group members takes place and all group members are in flow. In group flow, all members reach a level of complete self‐other overlap with the group, which leads to a collective experience of flow on the group‐level. In addition to differences and commonalities of the different types of flow, suggestions for how to induce and study social flow are discussed.
IPACK (Interspace between the Popliteal Artery and the Capsule of the Posterior Knee) Block Combined with SACB (Single Adductor Canal Block) VersusSACB for Analgesia after Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Tang Xiumei , Jiang Xile , Lei Lei , Zhu Weitao , Fu Zhongmin , Wang Duan , Chen Jiali , Ning Ning , Zhou Zongke
Published: September 2022

Objectives

To evaluate the combination of the infiltration between the popliteal artery and the posterior capsule of the knee (iPACK) block and single adductor canal block (SACB) versus SACB for motor‐sparing knee analgesia effects after total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Methods

PubMed, Ovid, Cochrane Library, and other databases were searched from the inception to January 2021. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing patients receiving iPACK plus SACB with patients receiving SACB after TKA were included. The included studies were assessed by two reviewers according to the Cochrane risk of bias criteria. Meta‐analysis was performed with STATA 13.0 software, the risk ratios (RR) and mean differences (MD) were used to compare dichotomous and continuous variables. The primary outcome was ambulation pain and secondary outcomes were rest pain, opioid consumption, function ability, clinical outcomes, and complications.

Results

Seven RCTs (304 knees in iPACK + SACB group; 305 knees in SACB group) were included. The follow‐up periods ranged from 2 days to 3 months. Pooled data indicated lower pain scores at ambulation (p < 0.0001) for iPACK + SACB. When comparing the pain scores of subgroups analyzed at specific periods, lower scores in subgroups within 12 h (at rest and ambulation) and after 48 h (at ambulation) were observed in the iPACK + SACB group. Analysis demonstrated greater reduction in morphine consumption (p = 0.007) in the iPACK + SACB group. The iPACK + SACB group is also superior to the SACB group regarding function ability, which included range of motion (ROM) (p = 0.001), time up to go (TUG) test (p = 0.030), and ambulation distance (p < 0.0001). No difference was found in clinical outcomes or complications.

Conclusions

With the iPACK added to SACB, pain scores, morphine consumption, functional ability were improved. Additional high‐quality studies are required to further address this topic.
Patient and care provider inclusion in the development of an educational graphic novel for heart transplanted teenagers
Authors: Dalmer Stephanie , Caulfield Sean , Murdoch Faye , Urschel Simon
Published: September 2022

Purpose

Teenagers experience high rates of rejection and organ failure after heart transplantation due to non‐adherence to medications, poor transition into adult care, and difficulties communicating with adults including healthcare providers. This project aimed to creatively bridge this gap—including teenage patients, their parents, and healthcare providers in the development of a new resource meant to motivate teenage heart‐transplant‐patients to take interest and ownership of their long‐term health.

Methods

Four teenage heart‐transplanted patients, four parents, and three healthcare providers provided insight into relevant content for an educational resource through semi‐standardized questionnaires and interviews. Their input guided the style and substance of the resource developed under the supervision of Fine Arts professors and the pediatric heart transplant team.

Results

Parents and healthcare providers were concerned about teenagers' health choices and lack of perspective while patients were more bothered by parental nagging and being careful about infections than worrying about post‐transplant risks. The resource that was developed therefore used subtlety within a narrative medium: a graphic novel that involved mutant worms, secret plots, and daring escapes, to address identified medical concerns and encouragements without triggering teenage resistance to instruction.

Conclusion

The discrepancies between the priorities of healthcare providers, parents, and teenage heart‐transplant‐patients illustrate the significance of basing resource‐development on input from the target population. We developed the first graphic novel written for teenage heart‐transplant‐patients with patient input and interdisciplinary cooperation, using the subtlety of a narrative medium as a model for integrating medical content within an appealing, motivational, patient‐centered, and age‐appropriate resource.
Inventory dispensation and restocking in multiclass inventory systems: A decoupling approach
Authors: Wang Lu , Kulkarni Vidyadhar , Zhang Hanqin
Published: September 2022

We consider an inventory system with Poisson demand arrivals arising from multiple classes. Restocking epochs are specified by a given sequence. At each epoch, we can place an order for any number of items for immediate delivery. We have to decide the inventory dispensation policy, which determines whether we should satisfy a demand, or reject it, or backlog it until the next restocking epoch. We allow class‐dependent rejection and backlogging costs. We also incorporate holding costs and procurement costs. We obtain the optimal restocking and inventory dispensation policies under the total discounted cost criterion as well as the long‐run average cost criterion. In particular, we develop efficient algorithms to compute the optimal policies (OPs) by decoupling the inventory dispensation policy from the restocking policy. We show that the OP operates as follows: At the restocking epochs, we order up to a fixed base‐stock level. We satisfy the demands from a class if the inventory is above a critical level that depends on the class and time to the next restocking epoch; else we reject or backlog it depending on whether the next restocking epoch is later or earlier than a class‐dependent critical number. The numerical experiments for the stochastic and deterministic interstocking periods are conducted to compare the OPs and costs.
Closing the Solidarity Gap? How Ethnic Diversity Alters Who We Are Willing to Support
Authors: Kruse Mathias
Published: September 2022

Citizens tend to be more solidary with ethnic ingroup members than ethnic outgroup members. As a result, increasing ethnic diversity is often found to impede solidarity. Although this perspective is well established, I present an alternative argument: Under circumstances that foster intergroup contact, increasing diversity promotes, rather than impedes, intergroup solidarity. To test this argument, I combine a survey experiment fielded among Danish students with quasi‐random observational data on students' classroom ethnic composition. I find that ethnic‐majority adolescents are on average more willing to support ethnic‐majority recipients than immigrant and ethnic‐minority recipients. Yet, although increasing diversity does not moderate the majority‐minority solidarity gap, increasing diversity diminishes and erases the majority‐immigrant solidarity gap. As further shown, one explanation is that immigrants in particular face strong stereotypes of being lazy and that ethnic diversity reduces this specific stereotype. These findings suggest that immigration and solidarity need not be incompatible. Under certain circumstances, ethnic diversity at worst leaves intergroup solidarity unaltered and at best improves such solidarity.
Pathogen inactivation treatment of triple‐dose apheresis platelets with amotosalen and ultraviolet a light
Authors: Infanti Laura , Pehlic Vildana , Mitrovic Sandra , Holbro Andreas , Andresen Silke , Payrat Jean‐Marc , Lin Jin‐Sying , Buser Andreas
Published: September 2022

Background

A triple storage (TS) set allows for pathogen inactivation (PI) treatment of triple‐dose apheresis platelet products with amotosalen + UVA. We evaluated the quality and metabolic parameters of platelet concentrates (PCs) pathogen inactivated and stored for 7 days.

Materials and methods

Twelve triple‐dose products collected with two different apheresis platforms were treated with amotosalen+UVA. Products were split into three single‐dose units. Testing was made pretreatment, after splitting, at days 5 and 7 of storage.

Results

Single‐dose PI PCs had a mean platelet content of 2.89 ± 0.35 x 1011. From baseline to day 7, pH remained stable (7.1 ± 0.1 vs. 7.0 ± 0.1), pO2 increased (11.3 ± 2.4 vs. 18.3 ± 3.5 kPa) as did LDH (201 ± 119 vs. 324 ± 203 U/L) and lactate (3.6 ± 1.7 vs. 12.1 ± 1.5 mmol/L) (all p < 0.01); pCO2 decreased (4.1 ± 0.8 vs. 1.5 ± 0.7 mmHg; p < 0.01) and so did bicarbonate (6.6 ± 1.1 vs. 2.5 ± 1.4 mmol/L), glucose (5.6 ± 1.2 vs. 0.4 ± 0.4 mmol/L) and ATP (3.4 ± 0.9 vs. 2.5 ± 1.4 nmol/108 platelets) (all p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Triple‐dose PCs processed with the TS sets fulfilled the quality requirements and displayed metabolic changes of expected extent during 7‐day storage.
Covid-19, Direitos Sociais Trabalhista e Jurisprudência da Crise
Authors: Dias Roberto , Tedesco Thomaz Fiterman
Published: September 2022

O mundo passa por uma crise sanitária com reflexos econômicos imediatos e severos. O objetivo do ensaio é aferir se, em contextos econômicos de crise, o Supremo Tribunal Federal altera seu modo de decidir e, principalmente, se já o está alterando nos casos envolvendo a crise do novo coronavírus, aderindo ou não a uma “jurisprudência da crise”. Para tanto, será analisado o julgamento proferido na MC-ADIn 6363. A pesquisa será do tipo bibliográfica, por meio de pesquisa qualitativa doutrinária e jurisprudencial. Conclui-se pela possibilidade concreta de o Supremo, durante este período, continuar a aderir à postura pragmática.
Pandemia e Erosão da Democracia Constitucional: uma análise dos ataques à transparência no Brasil
Authors: Tormin Tanos Lopes Mariana , Peluso Neder Meyer Emilio , Andrade Linhares Emanuel
Published: September 2022

A pandemia de COVID-19 suscita debates sobre o abuso de poderes emergenciais para a subversão da democracia, especialmente em locais como o Brasil, onde há histórico de desmonte da ordem constitucional pelo alargamento autocrático do Executivo. Ao longo dos últimos meses, chamam atenção os ataques à transparência no país. O Presidente da República alterou a Lei de Acesso à Informação, colocou pareceres ministeriais sob sigilo e até promoveu apagão de dados oficiais sobre o número de contaminados e de mortos durante a crise sanitária. As medidas foram acompanhadas de intensas reações e mobilização no Legislativo, Judiciário, Sociedade Civil e Mídia, que buscaram alternativas para assegurar o acesso à informação precisa e transparente pela população. Apesar das barreiras identificadas, o estudo levanta a hipótese de que estes ataques, que também ocorrem por abuso de poder, facilitam a inércia do executivo (executive undereach) e aprofundam o processo de erosão da democracia constitucional brasileira, em curso nos últimos anos.
Militarização da Saúde: Crise e as Relações Civis- Militares no Governo Bolsonaro
Authors: Kozicki Katya , Chueiri Vera Karam de , Silva Rick Daniel Pianaro da , Bonatto Marina
Published: September 2022

O presente artigo  discute o processo de militarização do governo federal no campo da saúde pública e sua relação com a crise da democracia constitucional brasileira. Parte da premissa de que as Forças Armadas não detêm o conhecimento técnico para a gestão das atividades às quais seus integrantes têm sido designados no combate da pandemia do COVID-19. A sua primeira parte apresenta os referenciais teóricos que permitem identificar a crise da democracia constitucional. A segunda parte discute os vestígios do passado autoritário ainda presentes no constitucionalismo brasileiro, como a proibição fraca dos militares participarem na política. A terceira parte discute a politização das Forças Armadas na América Latina e seus riscos. A quarta parte trata especificamente da militarização da saúde no Brasil recente. Por fim, conclui que a militarização do atual governo e a consequente politização da caserna, no que diz respeito à saúde e no contexto da pandemia de covid-19, comprometem a democracia constitucional, na medida em que privilegiam nomeações de militares para diferentes cargos políticos e administrativos no Executivo Federal, a despeito da especialidade técnica, inclusive para o comando de estatais e ministérios não relacionados à defesa. A pesquisa se vale de fontes teóricas (livros e artigos) para a discussão do tema central proposto e também de fontes jornalísticas e informações disponibilizadas pelo próprio governo federal, em virtude da contemporaneidade do tema. O artigo é tanto prescritivo quando descritivo em suas premissas e análises.
Reflexiones Sobre la Planta Local en España
Authors: José Sánchez Sáez António
Published: September 2022

A 42 años de la aprobación de la Constitución española, a 35 años de la entrada en vigor de la LRBRL de 1985, pasados 7 años de la LRSAL y recaídas ya 10 sentencias del TC español sobre ésta última, nos encontramos en un momento idóneo para hacer balance de la planta local española. Hemos tratado esta investigación como a un paciente crónico (pues no otra cosa es la planta local en nuestro país), necesitado de reconocimiento, diagnóstico y tratamiento. Hemos analizado así, en primer lugar, cómo las leyes históricas de régimen local en España mantuvieron siempre el mapa local español; hemos descrito, en segundo lugar, la planta local actual e inducido como su principal característica su carácter eminentemente rural, con predominio de mini municipios, muy diseminada y con baja densidad poblacional. Finalmente, en tercer lugar, consideramos que la reforma de la planta local debe partir de la premisa cierta de mantener los municipios heredados del pasado, si bien mejorando su regulación. Porque el problema no son los mini municipios, sino el exceso de su regulación autonómica y su falta de diferenciación jurídica. La reforma de la planta local es, pues, ciertamente necesaria en relación con muchos aspectos de la vida local: la regulación de los servicios mínimos; el rechazo al ejercicio de las competencias impropias insuficientemente financiadas; la necesaria reducción de la administración instrumental, de los costes ordinarios, del número de concejales y de sus sueldos; la apropiada diferenciación de sus competencias y estructuras, etc. Para ello, apostamos por la supramunicipalidad (centrada en las diputaciones provinciales) y en la intermunicipalidad voluntaria, por la subsidiariedad y por una reforma constitucional que aborde el problema territorial íntegro en nuestro país.
O STF e a Responsabilização de Advogados Públicos Pareceristas
Authors: Madureira Claudio Penedo
Published: September 2022

Este artigo tem por objetivo procurar descrever e minudenciar os precedentes firmados pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal sobre ser viável (ou inviável) a responsabilização de advogados públicos pareceristas por suas manifestações jurídicas, com o propósito de induzir a compreensão de que esses precedentes não orientam a responsabilização por simples opinião jurídica, e, com isso, denunciar o mito de que esses precedentes autorizam a conclusão de que a prolação de pareceres vinculantes induz a responsabilidade objetiva de seus prolatores.
Palavras-Chaves: Advocacia Pública; direito administrativo sancionador; precedentes
Aspectos jurídicos da pandemia do Covid-19 e a atuação do Supremo Tribunal Federal em habeas corpus
Authors: Moraes Helena Brandão Nogueira de Oliveira , Vasconcellos Vinicius Gomes de
Published: September 2022

Este artigo pretende analisar as decisões proferidas pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal em sede de habeas corpus catalogados como relacionados à situação de pandemia do Covid-19 com o objetivo de verificar se tal cenário determinou uma postura de desencarceramento, nos termos do reconhecido estado de coisas inconstitucional (ADPF 347) e da Recomendação 62 do CNJ. A partir do levantamento e exame das decisões concessivas proferidas no mês de abril de 2020 (concedidas no mérito ou liminares deferidas), questionou-se: a situação de pandemia do Covid-19 e a Recomendação 62 do CNJ ocasionaram impacto nas decisões do STF em habeas corpus? Constatou-se que não houve um impacto relevante na postura decisória dos Ministros do Supremo Tribunal Federal a partir do cenário de pandemia do Covid-19 e da Recomendação 62 do CNJ, pois entre 884 decisões assim catalogadas e proferidas no referido período somente 6 (seis) foram concessões com efetiva substituição da prisão por domiciliar em razão de riscos da pandemia do Covid-19, nos termos da Recomendação 62 do CNJ.
Criptomoedas e Moedas Digitais dos Bancos Centrais – Desafios e Perspectivas da Tributação no Brasil
Authors: Rodrigues Afonso José Roberto , Rios da Nóbrega Marcos Antônio , Nette Alves Oliveira de Castilhos Núbia
Published: September 2022

O presente artigo analisa dois instrumentos que compõem a economia digital, dos mais debatidos, mas nem por isso menos complexos: as criptomoedas, espécie do gênero dos criptoativos, e as moedas digitais do banco central. Aborda sua definição, características e controvérsias. Faz parte da pesquisa discorrer sobre como o Brasil e alguns outros governos estão enquadrando juridicamente as criptomoedas para fins de tributação. Aqui, a ênfase será dada ao Imposto sobre a Renda e ao Imposto sobre Operações de Crédito, Câmbio e Seguro ou relativas a Títulos ou Valores Mobiliários. No caso das moedas digitais do banco central, também serão expostas vantagens e desvantagens que têm sido elencadas para sua implementação, assim como o estágio da discussão nas principais economias do mundo e no Brasil. Discutir-se-á como o País tem lidado com a possibilidade de um Real Digital, as principais ações do Banco Central do Brasil nessa seara e os panoramas futuros quanto a uma moeda digital nacional, bem como o atual estágio da legislação brasileira sobre o tema.
Justiça Itinerante Trabalhista Como Instrumento de Combate ao Trabalho Escravo Contemporâneo no Estado do Amazonas, Brasil
Authors: Zany Nunes Correa Igo , Costa de Sá Emerson Victor Hugo , Jacob Chaves Mesquita Valena
Published: September 2022

O trabalho análogo à escravidão pode ser conceituado como aquela forma de trabalho e coisificação do trabalhador dentro de um contexto de restrição de locomoção, condições degradantes de trabalho e outras formas de indignidade utilizadas pelo capitalismo como forma de aquisição e manutenção de riquezas. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho é compreender a Justiça Itinerante Trabalhista como instrumento de combate ao trabalho escravo moderno no Amazonas, considerando que a mobilidade das estruturas jurisdicionais se soma às demais estruturas móveis do Poder Público para união de forças no combate estrutural preventivo e repressivo desta forma de precarização do trabalho. Para tanto, sob as lentes decoloniais da historicidade das relações de exploração capitalista na região amazônica e com base no método materialista histórico-dialético, este manuscrito analisou bibliografia e documentos, e concluiu que a itinerância trabalhista representa instrumento de combate ao trabalho análogo à escravidão no Amazonas com condenações por danos morais coletivos e individuais, além do adequado tratamento da matéria por meio do conhecimento local, possibilitando a colheita de provas e evitando o perecimento pela atuação imediata.
Acceso a la Justicia y Estado Moderno
Authors: Bonilla Maldonado Daniel
Published: September 2022

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BASES CULTURALES DE LAS DISTORSIONES COGNITIVAS EN PERSONAS CON DEPENDENCIA EMOCIONAL
Authors: MARTIN HERRERO JOSÉ ANTONIO
Published: September 2022

En esta comunicación pretendemos establecer LAS BASES CULTURALES de las distorsiones cognitivas que mejor discriminan las personas que presentan dependencia emocional. Creemos que es necesario averiguar si esta dependencia se aprende culturalmente y, si es así plantearnos cómo prevenirlo.Hemos entrevistado a 50 personas usando el Cuestionario de Dependencia Emocional (CDE), el cuestionario de creencias irracionales de Ellis y, el Inventario de Pensamientos Automáticos (IPA) de Ruiz y Luján. Se analizaron las diferencias significativas de las distorsiones cognitivas con pruebas no paramétricas para dos muestras independientes: Grupo 1 (control): personas sin dependencia emocional; y Grupo 2: personas con dependencia emocional. Encontramos dos variables significativas: la distorsión cognitiva deberías y, la Falacia de control como pensamientos automáticos discriminantes, y las creencias irracionales 1, 2, 4, 5, 6 y sobre todo la 8 (se necesita contar con algo más grande y más fuerte que uno mismo) especialmente frecuentes en las personas con dependencia emocional que hemos investigado.Discusión: las personas dependientes emocionalmente justifican sus necesidades afectivas atendiendo un miedo exagerado a la soledad y a que sus parejas les abandonen, aun sintiendo que no son correspondidas o incluso que son perjudiciales. Ahora nos planteamos averiguar si este tipo de procesamiento de la información, junto con las creencias irracionales mencionadas, se aprende culturalmente. Si así fuera, ¿podríamos evitarlo? Sería una contribución interesante de la Antropología aplicada para contribuir al bienestar humano.
PREVENCIÓN INDICADA CON ADOLESCENTES HIJOS DE FAMILIARES CON ABUSO Y DEPENDENCIA DE SUSTANCIAS
Authors:   Universidad de Salamanca, Martin Herrero José Antonio
Published: September 2022

El consumo actual de alcohol, marihuana y otras drogas en la población adolescente, es muy elevado y está mostrando consecuencias negativas a niveles físico, psicológico, social, familiar y escolar. Además, la presencia de estas drogas conlleva diversas conductas de riesgo e infracciones. Presentamos un proyecto de investigación sobre prevención indicada dirigido a un colectivo de adolescentes entre catorce y diecisiete años que conviven en ambiente familiar en la que hay una historia de consumo. Consta de un total de once sesiones que combinan tanto sesiones para los adolescentes, como sesiones familiares dirigidas a tratar el objetivo del programa: prevenir que el consumo se convierta a corto plazo en un problema de dependencia y disminuir los costes humanos, sociales y económicos, que las intervenciones propiamente dichas suponen. Se ha hecho trabajo de campo en diversas instituciones relacionadas con el tratamiento de adolescentes con problemas de adicción utilizando como instrumentos de recogida de datos la entrevista semiestructurada ESDA tanto para adolescentes como para sus familias, el cuestionario de identificación de los trastornos debidos al consumo de alcohol (AUDIT), el cuestionario de expectativas para beber y la escala de clima social en la familia. Se proponen una serie de objetivos y entre los que destacan retrasar la edad de inicio en el consumo de drogas, limitar el número y tipo de sustancias utilizadas o potenciar los factores de protección frente a los de riesgo.
Results and SWOT Analysis of the 2022 Hong Kong Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Adolescents With Special Educational Needs
Authors: Sit Cindy H.P. , Huang Wendy Y.J. , Wong Stephen H.S. , Wong Martin C.S. , Sum Raymond K.W. , Li Venus M.H.
Published: September 2022

Background: Following the 2019 Hong Kong Para Report Card, the 2022 Hong Kong Para Report Card aimed to provide an updated and evidence-based assessment for nine indicators related to physical activity in children and adolescents with special educational needs and to assess the results using a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis. Methods: Using a systematic process, the best available data on nine indicators were searched from the past 10 years and were assessed by a research work group. Letter grades were assigned and considered by stakeholders and auditors. Results: Four indicators were assigned a letter grade (overall physical activity: F [mixed device-measured and self-reported data]; sedentary behaviors: D [device-measured data]; active transportation: D−; government strategies & investment: C+). SWOT analysis highlighted opportunities for facilitating children and adolescents with special educational needs to achieve health recommendations. Conclusion: There were deteriorating trends in physical activity and sedentary behaviors. Effective, multilevel, and cross-sector interventions are recommended to promote active behavior in children and adolescents with special educational needs.
Is Real-Time Poolside Assessment of Upper Limb Errors in Front Crawl Swimming Technique Reliable and Equivalent to Video Analysis?
Authors: Pollen Travis R. , Ebaugh David , Mohring Jason , Hutchinson Dean , Silfies Sheri P.
Published: September 2022

Context: Swimming technique is widely believed to influence performance, but this relationship has rarely been tested objectively using a real-time poolside assessment. Objective: To determine the (1) test–retest reliability, interrater reliability, and criterion validity (live vs video) of real-time poolside assessment of upper limb (UL) errors in front crawl (FC) swimming technique and (2) the relationship between UL errors and FC swimming performance. Design: Cross-sectional reliability, validity, and correlational study. Setting: Swim team practice at a college natatorium. Participants: Thirty-nine Division III college swimmers (21 women and 18 men, age = 19 [1] y, swimming experience = 11 [3] y). Main Outcome Measures: Seven UL errors in FC swimming technique, many of which involved unnecessary vertical and mediolateral motions, were assessed in real time from outside the pool during swim practice. Test–retest reliability, interrater reliability, and criterion validity were calculated using Cohen kappa (κ) and weighted kappa (κw). Swimming performance was determined by the participants’ best FC events relative to the conference records. The correlation between total UL errors and FC swimming performance was assessed with Pearson r. Results: Cohen κ and κw were moderate for the majority of errors, with the following ranges: 0.46 to 0.90 (test–retest), −0.01 to 1.00 (interrater), and 0.36 to 0.66 (criterion validity). There was a significant correlation between total UL errors and FC swimming performance: r(24) = −.59 (P = .001, R2 = .35). Conclusions: Reliability and validity were moderate for the majority of errors. The fewer UL errors swimmers made while practicing FC, the faster their best FC race times tended to be relative to the conference record. UL errors in FC swimming technique explained 35% of the variance in performance.
Symbiodiniaceae Are the First Site of Heterotrophic Nitrogen Assimilation in Reef-Building Corals
Authors: Martinez Stephane , Grover Renaud , Baker David M. , Ferrier-Pagès Christine
Published: September 2022

Coral reefs rely upon the highly optimized nutritional symbiosis between corals and Symbiodiniaceae dinoflagellates. Heterotrophic feeding on plankton is key to the resistance of corals to environmental stress.
Uptake of the Siderophore Triacetylfusarinine C, but Not Fusarinine C, Is Crucial for Virulence of Aspergillus fumigatus
Authors: Aguiar Mario , Orasch Thomas , Shadkchan Yana , Caballero Patricia , Pfister Joachim , Sastré-Velásquez Luis Enrique , Gsaller Fabio , Decristoforo Clemens , Osherov Nir , Haas Hubertus
Published: September 2022

Aspergillus fumigatus
is responsible for thousands of cases of invasive fungal disease annually. For iron uptake,
A. fumigatus
secretes so-called siderophores, which are taken up after the binding of environmental iron.
Smartphone-based Ecological Momentary Intervention for secondary prevention of suicidal thoughts and behaviour: protocol for the SmartCrisis V.2.0 randomised clinical trial
Authors: Barrigon Maria Luisa , Porras-Segovia Alejandro , Courtet Philippe , Lopez-Castroman Jorge , Berrouiguet Sofian , Pérez-Rodríguez María-Mercedes , Artes Antonio ,   MEmind Study Group, Baca-Garcia Enrique
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Suicide is one of the leading public health issues worldwide. Mobile health can help us to combat suicide through monitoring and treatment. The SmartCrisis V.2.0 randomised clinical trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a smartphone-based Ecological Momentary Intervention to prevent suicidal thoughts and behaviour.

Methods and analysis

The SmartCrisis V.2.0 study is a randomised clinical trial with two parallel groups, conducted among patients with a history of suicidal behaviour treated at five sites in France and Spain. The intervention group will be monitored using Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) and will receive an Ecological Momentary Intervention called ‘SmartSafe’ in addition to their treatment as usual (TAU). TAU will consist of mental health follow-up of the patient (scheduled appointments with a psychiatrist) in an outpatient Suicide Prevention programme, with predetermined clinical appointments according to the Brief Intervention Contact recommendations (1, 2, 4, 7 and 11 weeks and 4, 6, 9 and 12 months). The control group would receive TAU and be monitored using EMA.

Ethics and dissemination

This study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the University Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz. It is expected that, in the near future, our mobile health intervention and monitoring system can be implemented in routine clinical practice. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and psychiatric congresses. Reference number EC005-21_FJD. Participants gave informed consent to participate in the study before taking part.

Trial registration number

NCT04775160.
White cell count trajectory and type 2 diabetes in health management population: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yang Tengfei , Zhao Bo , Guan Xuelai , Pei Dongmei
Published: September 2022

Objective

The purposes of current research were to investigate the time-dependent dynamic alteration of white cell count (WCC) in health management populations and to analyse its association with the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Design

Retrospective cohort research.

Setting

Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University in China’s Shenyang.

Participants

The number of non-diabetic subjects (median age: 40 years) totaled 7924 in the present work.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Assessment and grouping of changes in WCC between 2016 and 2019 were accomplished through group-based trajectory modelling. Newly diagnosed incidence associated with T2DM was estimated based on varying trajectories of WCC by the Kaplan-Meier method. Statistical differences in the incidences of new-onset T2DM among various WCC trajectory groups were examined through log-rank test. The influence of WCC trajectory alterations on the new-onset T2DM was evaluated with a multiparameter Cox (proportional-hazards) model.

Results

During a 3-year (2016–2019) period, the T2DM development was noted in 3.14% (249) of the subjects. The trajectory model of WCC change was divided into four groups. For participants with low stability (trajectory 1), medium stability (trajectory 2), medium stability (trajectory 3) and high stability (trajectory 4), the incidence of T2DM was separately 2.2%, 2.62%, 4.82% and 7.4%, respectively. After adjusting for the underlying confounders, new-onset T2DM HRs (95% CIs) for trajectories 3 and 4 were separately 1.94 (1.32 to 2.83) and 3.08 (1.82 to 5.21) compared with the trajectory 1, implying that the T2DM risks were statistically significantly high.

Conclusion

The 3-year T2DM incidence was impacted independently by the WCC trajectory fluctuations. The grouping trajectory can reflect the dynamic change of WCC over time, which is more representative than the measured WCC at a single time point.
Orang Asli Health and Lifeways Project (OA HeLP): a cross-sectional cohort study protocol
Authors: Wallace Ian J , Lea Amanda J , Lim Yvonne A L , Chow Steven K W , Sayed Izandis bin Mohd , Ngui Romano , Shaffee Mohd Tajudin Haji , Ng Kee-Seong , Nicholas Colin , Venkataraman Vivek V , Kraft Thomas S
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Non-communicable disease (NCD) risk is influenced by environmental factors that are highly variable worldwide, yet prior research has focused mainly on high-income countries where most people are exposed to relatively homogeneous and static environments. Understanding the scope and complexity of environmental influences on NCD risk around the globe requires more data from people living in diverse and changing environments. Our project will investigate the prevalence and environmental causes of NCDs among the indigenous peoples of Peninsular Malaysia, known collectively as the Orang Asli, who are currently undergoing varying degrees of lifestyle and sociocultural changes that are predicted to increase vulnerability to NCDs, particularly metabolic disorders and musculoskeletal degenerative diseases.

Methods and analysis

Biospecimen sampling and screening for a suite of NCDs (eg, cardiovascular disease, type II diabetes, osteoarthritis and osteoporosis), combined with detailed ethnographic work to assess key lifestyle and sociocultural variables (eg, diet, physical activity and wealth), will take place in Orang Asli communities spanning a gradient from remote, traditional villages to acculturated, market-integrated urban areas. Analyses will first test for relationships between environmental variables, NCD risk factors and NCD occurrence to investigate how environmental changes are affecting NCD susceptibility among the Orang Asli. Second, we will examine potential molecular and physiological mechanisms (eg, epigenetics and systemic inflammation) that mediate environmental effects on health. Third, we will identify intrinsic (eg, age and sex) and extrinsic (eg, early-life experiences) factors that predispose certain people to NCDs in the face of environmental change to better understand which Orang Asli are at greatest risk of NCDs.

Ethics and dissemination

Approval was obtained from multiple ethical review boards including the Malaysian Ministry of Health. This study follows established principles for ethical biomedical research among vulnerable indigenous communities, including fostering collaboration, building cultural competency, enhancing transparency, supporting capacity building and disseminating research findings.
Clinical characteristics of ocular myasthenia gravis and outcomes of secondary generalisation: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Fang Clarissa E H , Bokre Desta , Wong Sui H
Published: September 2022

Objective

We aim to systematically assess the clinical characteristics of ocular myasthenia gravis (OMG) and report on the proportion of patients who develop secondary generalised myasthenia gravis (SGMG).

Introduction

OMG is an autoimmune neuromuscular junction disorder resulting in ptosis and diplopia. A proportion of patients with OMG develop weakness in their limbs, respiratory or bulbar muscles, that is, convert to SGMG. The proportion of patients converting to SGMG reported in the literature have been varied. We therefore aim to systematically assess the clinical characteristics of OMG and outcomes of SGMG reported in the literature to date.

Inclusion criteria

Studies describing a population of adults with OMG, that is, MG with ocular symptoms and signs only, seen consecutively through a clinical service, reporting on patient characteristics and the outcome of SGMG. Studies on paediatric and congenital myasthenia gravis will be excluded.

Methods

We will conduct an electronic database search for randomised controlled trials, prospective non-randomised studies, observational studies and retrospective studies in MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Web of Science. Exploratory database search was conducted on 1 December 2021. Eligibility criteria will include quantitative and qualitative articles written in any language and containing data on OMG. Additional studies will be identified by reviewing bibliographies of retrieved articles. Two independent reviewers will screen titles and abstracts and extract data from full texts, reporting outcomes according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Data extraction of key characteristics will be completed using customised forms. Methodological quality will be assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal forms.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval is not required for this review, as it will only include published data. Findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and disseminated across ophthalmic networks.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021285257.