bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A novel 4 × 4 butler matrix with continuously tunable phase covering 360° range and application for 1‐D and 2‐D beam scanning array
Authors: Zhang Junzhi , Li Jianxin , Chen Anrong , Hu JianJia , Yang Tao , Chi Pei‐Ling
Published: February 2024

A novel 4 × 4 Butler Matrix (BM) with continuously tunable phase covering phase range from −180° to 180° is proposed using substrate integrated waveguide technology. The proposed BM consists of two H‐plane hybrid couplers, two E‐plane hybrid couplers and four 180° tunable phase shifters. With this simple configuration, the proposed BM can realise a continuously tunable progressive phase difference from −180° to 180° in a one‐dimensional (1‐D) or two‐dimensional (2‐D) form. For demonstration, the proposed BM has been fabricated to feed a 1 × 4 or 2 × 2 broadband microstrip antenna arrays. The fabricated prototype has a 16.7% fractional impendence bandwidth centred at 6 GHz. The measured pattern for the 1‐D array showed a continuous beam scanning range from −39° to 39° in H‐Plane, while the measured radiation patterns for the 2‐D array showed continuous beam range from −27° to 30° in elevation and 0°–180° in azimuth. The measurement results were in good agreement with the simulation results.
Leveraging InGaN solar cells for visible light communication reception
Authors: Manzoor Habib Ullah , Manzoor Sanaullah , Jamshed Muhammad Ali , Manzoor Tareq
Published: February 2024

Solar cells are increasingly being utilised for both energy harvesting and reception in free‐space optical (FSO) communication networks. The authors focus on the implementation of a mid‐band p‐In0.01Ga0.99 N/p‐In0.5Ga0.5 N/n‐In0.5Ga0.5 N (PPN) solar cell, boasting an impressive 26.36% conversion efficiency (under 1.5AM conditions) as a receiver within an indoor FSO communication network. Employing a solar cell with dimensions of 1 mm in length and width, the FSO system underwent simulation using Optisystm software, while the solar cell's behaviour was simulated using SCAPS‐1D. The received power from the solar cell was then compared to that of four commercially available avalanche photodiode (APD) receivers. Exploring incident wavelengths spanning 400–700 nm within the visible spectrum, across transmission distances of 5, 10, 15, and 20 m, the study presented current‐voltage (IV) and power‐voltage curves. Notably, the InGaN solar cell exhibited superior electrical power output compared to all commercial APDs. In conclusion, the findings underscore that augmenting received power has the potential to enhance FSO network quality and support extended transmission distances.
A charging equalizer based on Zeta converter for hybrid energy storage system
Authors: Chen Kefan , Xu Bin , Liu Lizhou
Published: February 2024

This thesis proposes a charging equalizer for hybrid energy storage systems, incorporating the Zeta converter, voltage multiplier, and multi‐winding transformer. The objective is efficient charging and equalization for battery and supercapacitor strings. The Zeta converter serves to charge the battery string, while the transformer with multi‐winding shares the inductor of Zeta converter as the primary side, facilitating battery string balancing through the utilization of current ripple in the inductor. Additionally, the voltage ripple generated by the Zeta converter is utilized to drive the voltage multiplier, enabling the charging and equalization of the supercapacitor string. The system's operation halts upon reaching the predefined threshold voltage for the supercapacitor strings. The proposed circuit transforms into a Zeta converter by employing a single‐pole double‐throw switch, facilitating the charging of the battery strings. Experimental validation uses four series‐connected supercapacitors and four series‐connected batteries, demonstrating successful equalization and charging for both energy storage components.
Coordinated planning of DGs and soft open points in multi‐voltage level distributed networks based on the Stackelberg game
Authors: Chen Zhihua , He Ye , Hua Yuting , Wu Hongbin , Bi Rui
Published: February 2024

There are significant differences in distributed generators (DGs) distribution and load characteristics between different voltage levels, which makes it difficult to match sources and loads. We focus on the problem of different consumption capacities at different voltage levels and the divergence of interests among investment entities, and propose a coordinated planning model for DGs and soft open points (SOPs) based on the Stackelberg game. Firstly, a model of a multi‐voltage level distribution networks (DNs) is constructed based on SOPs. Next, the source‐load matching degree is proposed as a measure of the degree of matching between sources and loads in the DN, and the source‐load consumption rate is selected as an indicator to evaluate the impact of the load on DG consumption. Following this, the interest demands of DG investors and distribution company (DisCo) in multi‐voltage levels DN are analyzed, a planning mode based on the Stackelberg game is proposed, and this is solved by combining the genetic algorithm with second‐order cone programming. Finally, the effectiveness of the planning model is tested and verified using an improved IEEE 28‐node system. The results show that the proposed model improves the DG consumption capacity of DNs with multiple voltage levels while protecting the interests of DG investors and DisCo.
Similarity‐oriented method for inverse synthetic aperture radar imaging with low signal‐to‐noise ratio
Authors: Xu Xinbo , Zhang Qiang , Su Fulin , Liu Jinshan , Wen Yuan , Jin Xinfei , Li Hongxu
Published: February 2024

Noise impairs the performance of inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) motion compensation, which induces severe defocusing under low signal‐to‐noise ratio environments. To overcome this issue, a novel similarity‐oriented (SO) method with a two‐domain denoising strategy is proposed. A PIxEl similarity‐oriented (PIE‐SO) denoising method designed for range‐Doppler (RD) domain and a modified RAnge Profile Similarity‐Oriented (RAP‐SO) denoising method designed for high‐resolution range profile (HRRP) matrix are included in the presented framework. Firstly, the PIE‐SO method directly performs a two‐dimensional fast Fourier transform on dechirp processed echo data to form a coarsely focusing ISAR image in the RD domain. Then the focusing image is separated from the noise background by virtue of pixel similarity, after which the noise is preliminarily removed. Subsequently, the coarsely denoised image is transformed into the HRRP matrix. Considering the range profile similarity impaired by noise is restored by the PIE‐SO denoising, a Laplacian regularised‐weighted nuclear norm proximal (LR‐WNNP) operator is proposed. The proposed modified RAP‐SO method, that is, the LR‐WNNP operator, exploits the low‐rank property of the HRRP matrix and the local similarity of adjacent HRRPs to reduce the residual noise. As a result, ISAR imaging quality is significantly improved. Comprehensive experiments illustrate the effectiveness and superiority of the presented method.
High turbulence in the IM Lup protoplanetary disk
Authors: Paneque-Carreño T. , Izquierdo A. F. , Teague R. , Miotello A. , Bergin E. A. , Loomis R. , van Dishoeck E. F.
Published: February 2024

Context. Constraining turbulence in disks is key to understanding their evolution via the transport of angular momentum. Measurements of high turbulence remain elusive, and methods for estimating turbulence mostly rely on complex radiative transfer models of the data. Using the disk emission from IM Lup, a source proposed to be undergoing magneto-rotational instabilities (MRIs) and to possibly have high turbulence values in the upper disk layers, we present a new way of directly measuring turbulence without the need of radiative transfer or thermochemical models.

Aims. Through the characterization of the CN and C2H emission in IM Lup, we aim to connect the information on the vertical and thermal structure of a particular disk region to derive the turbulence at that location. By using an optically thin tracer, it is possible to directly measure turbulence from the nonthermal broadening of the line.

Methods. The vertical layers of the CN and C2H emission were traced directly from the channel maps using ALFAHOR. By comparing their position to that of optically thick CO observations, we were able to characterize the kinetic temperature of the emitting region. Using a simple parametric model of the line intensity with DISCMINER, we accurately measured the emission linewidth and separated the thermal and nonthermal components. Assuming that the nonthermal component is fully turbulent, we were able to directly estimate the turbulent motions at the studied radial and vertical location of CN emission.

Results. IM Lup shows a high turbulence of Mach 0.4–0.6 at z/r ~ 0.25. Considering previous estimates of low turbulence near the midplane, this may indicate a vertical gradient in the disk turbulence, which is a key prediction in MRI studies. CN and C2H are both emitting from a localized upper disk region at z/r = 0.2–0.3, in agreement with thermochemical models.
Magnetic field amplification in massive primordial halos
Authors: Díaz V. B. , Schleicher D. R. G. , Latif M. A. , Grete P. , Banerjee R.
Published: February 2024

Context. The potential importance of magnetic fields during structure formation and gravitational collapse in the early Universe has been shown in several studies. In particular, magnetic field amplification by the small-scale dynamo plays an important role in addition to the pure amplification expected from gravitational collapse.

Aims. In this paper we study the small-scale dynamo for halos of ≳107 M⊙ collapsing at z ≳ 12, under different ambient conditions due to the strength of the Lyman-Werner background. Additionally, we estimate the approximate saturation level by varying the initial magnetic field strength.

Methods. We performed cosmological magnetohydrodynamical simulations for three distinct halos of ∼107 M⊙ at z ≥ 12 by varying the Jeans resolution from 32 − 256 cells and employed Lyman Werner background flux of strengths 102 − 105 in units of J21, where J21 = 10−21 erg cm−2 sr−1 s−1Hz−1. To follow the chemical and thermal evolution of the gas, we made use of the KROME package.

Results. In addition to the compression by collapse, we find magnetic field amplification via the dynamo in the regimes of atomic and molecular hydrogen cooling. Moreover, we find a lower saturation level in the molecular hydrogen cooling regime. This behaviour can be understood in terms of the generally reduced radial infall velocities and vorticities in this regime, as well as the higher Mach numbers of the gas, which give rise to a smaller saturation ratio.

Conclusions. Our results overall suggest that the dynamo operates over a large range of conditions in the collapsing gas.
The visible and thermal light curve of the large Kuiper belt object (50000) Quaoar
Authors: Kiss C. , Müller T. G. , Marton G. , Szakáts R. , Pál A. , Molnár L. , Vilenius E. , Rengel M. , Ortiz J. L. , Fernández-Valenzuela E.
Published: February 2024

Recent stellar occultations have allowed accurate instantaneous size and apparent shape determinations of the large Kuiper belt object (50000) Quaoar and the detection of two rings with spatially variable optical depths. In this paper we present new visible range light curve data of Quaoar from the Kepler/K2 mission, and thermal light curves at 100 and 160 µm obtained with Herschel/PACS. The K2 data provide a single-peaked period of 8.88 h, very close to the previously determined 8.84 h, and it favours an asymmetric double-peaked light curve with a 17.76 h period. We clearly detected a thermal light curve with relative amplitudes of ~ 10% at 100 and at 160 µm. A detailed thermophysical modelling of the system shows that the measurements can be best fit with a triaxial ellipsoid shape, a volume-equivalent diameter of 1090 km, and axis ratios of a/b = 1.19 and b/c = 1.16. This shape matches the published occultation shape, as well as visual and thermal light curve data. The radiometric size uncertainty remains relatively large (±40 km) as the ring and satellite contributions to the system-integrated flux densities are unknown. In the less likely case of negligible ring or satellite contributions, Quaoar would have a size above 1100 km and a thermal inertia ≤ 10 J m−2K−1s−1/2. A large and dark Weywot in combination with a possible ring contribution would lead to a size below 1080 km in combination with a thermal inertia ≳10 J m−2K−1s−1/2, notably higher than that of smaller Kuiper belt objects with similar albedo and colours. We find that Quaoar’s density is in the range 1.67–1.77 g cm−3, significantly lower than previous estimates. This density value closely matches the relationship observed between the size and density of the largest Kuiper belt objects.
FR0 jets and recollimation-induced instabilities
Authors: Costa A. , Bodo G. , Tavecchio F. , Rossi P. , Capetti A. , Massaglia S. , Sciaccaluga A. , Baldi R. D. , Giovannini G.
Published: February 2024

Context.The recently discovered population of faint Fanaroff-Riley type 0 (FR0) radio galaxies has been interpreted as the extension to low power of the classical FRI sources. Their radio emission appears to be concentrated in very compact parsec scale cores, any extended emission is very weak or absent, and very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations show that jets are already mildly or sub-relativistic at parsec scales. Based on these observational properties, we propose here that the jets of FR0s are strongly decelerated and disturbed at the parsec scale by hydrodynamical instabilities.

Aims.With the above scenario in mind, we studied the dynamics of a low-power relativistic jet propagating into a confining external medium, focusing on the effects of entrainment and mixing promoted by the instabilities developing at the jet-environment interface downstream of a recollimation shock.

Methods.We performed a 3D relativistic hydrodynamical simulation of a recollimated jet by means of the state-of-the-art code PLUTO. The jet was initially conical, relativistic (with an initial Lorentz factor Γ = 5), cold, and light with respect to the confining medium, whose pressure is assumed to slowly decline with distance. The magnetic field is assumed to be dynamically unimportant.

Results.The 3D simulation shows that, after the first recollimation and reflection shock system, a rapidly growing instability develops, as a result of the interplay between recollimation-induced instabilities and Richtmyer-Meshkov modes. In turn, the instabilities promote strong mixing and entrainment that rapidly lead to the deceleration of the jet and spread its momentum to slowly moving, highly turbulent external gas. We argue that this mechanism could account for the peculiarities of the low-power FR0 jets. For outflows with a higher power, Lorentz factor, or magnetic field, we expect that the destabilizing effects are less effective, allowing the survival of the jet up to the kiloparsec scale, as observed in FRIs.
The rise and fall of bars in disc galaxies from z = 1 to z = 0
Authors: Rosas-Guevara Yetli , Bonoli Silvia , Misa Moreira Carmen , Izquierdo-Villalba David
Published: February 2024

Context. Stellar bars are non-axisymmetric structures found in over 30 per cent of massive disc galaxies in the local Universe. The environment could play a significant role in determining whether or not a spiral galaxy is likely to develop a bar.

Aims. We investigate the influence of the environment on the evolution of barred and unbarred disc galaxies with a mass of larger than 1010 M⊙ from z = 1 down to z = 0, employing the TNG50 magnetic-hydrodynamical simulation.

Methods. We determined the fraction of barred galaxies that conserve their bar and the fraction of those that lost it by z = 0. We also estimate the fraction of unbarred galaxies at z = 1 that develop a bar at later times. We study the merger histories and the distance of close companions for each category to understand the role of the environment in the evolution of these galaxies.

Results. We find that 49 per cent of z = 1 disc galaxies undergo a morphological transformation, transitioning into either a lenticular or spheroidal galaxy, while the other 51 per cent retain the large disc shape. The morphological alteration is mostly influenced by the environment. Lenticular and spheroidal galaxies tend to exist in denser environments and have more frequent mergers compared to disc galaxies. We find that bars are stable after they have formed, as over half of the barred galaxies (60.2 per cent) retain the bar structure and have experienced fewer mergers compared to those galaxies that lose their bars (5.6 per cent). These latter galaxies start with weaker and shorter bars at z = 1, are influenced by tidal interactions, and are frequently observed in more populated areas. Additionally, our study reveals that less than 20 per cent of unbarred galaxies will never develop a bar and exhibit the quietest merger history. Unbarred galaxies that undergo bar formation after z = 1 more frequently experience a merger event. Furthermore, tidal interactions with a close companion may account for bar formation in at least one-third of these instances.

Conclusions. Our findings highlight that stable bars are prevalent in disc galaxies. Bar evolution may nonetheless be affected by the environment. Interactions with nearby companions or tidal forces caused by mergers have the capacity to disrupt the disc. This perturbance may materialise as the dissolution of the bar, the formation of a bar, or, in its most severe form, the complete destruction of the disc, resulting in morphological transformation. Bars that are weak and short at z = 1 and undergo major or minor mergers may eventually dissolve, whereas unbarred galaxies that enter crowded environments or experience a merger may develop a bar.
Application of Lean Manufacturing to Minimize Waste in The Production Process of Tin Stabilizer
Authors: Novirani Dwi , Putri Zulkarnain Fitriani , Darrent Timotius
Published: February 2024

Lean Manufacturing concepts were being used by the manufacturing sector more and more in an eﬀort to maximize resource usage, cut costs, and increase eﬃciency. The research dived into the underlying concepts of Lean Manufacturing and its various tools and strategies for identifying and removing waste, such as overproduction, defects, needless inventory, wasteful motion, transportation, overprocessing, and waiting periods. Lean manufacturing methods could be implemented in the continuous manufacturing environment to detect and reduce waste by using a process flow chart, value stream mapping tools, waste assessment model, value stream analysis tools, and the 5 why’s method. According to the findings of the study, the most prevalent waste in the manufacturing process was waste flaws, delays, and wasteful inventory. Process activity mapping (PAM), one of VALSAT’s extensive mapping technologies, was used to eliminate waste. The lead time was reduced by 12 days and 1 hour as a consequence of the improvement recommendations study. NVA activity was reduced from 75.3% to 59.5% based on the PAM study. Reduced lead time could result in a more eﬃcient production process and lower production costs.
The Impact of Digital Transformation in Food and Beverage Sector SMES: The Role of Leadership and Organizational Agility
Authors: Sidabutar Apriliene , Siswanto Joko
Published: February 2024

The pandemic caused a negative growth effect on the Indonesian economy in 2020 at 2.07 percent. Another effect is seen in the lifestyle shifted in society towards digitalization, which is increasingly evident over time. SMEs as one of the foundations of the Indonesian economy with 60.5% contribution to GDP in 2022 need to make adjustments to changes. The shift towards digital in business makes SMEs need to respond quickly to be able to meet customer needs. Changes in the SMEs environment makes leaders having to ensure that the SMEs they lead develop in the right direction. This study aims to determine the effect of digital transformation on food and beverage SMEs by considering the variables of leadership, organizational agility, and its effect on SMEs performance. The method used is a quantitative descriptive method. The study results found that leadership and organizational agility have a positive relationship with digital transformation in SMEs. This research also found that digital transformation has a positive relationship with the performance of SMEs.
Solutions to Improve Performance of IoT-Based Air Quality Monitoring System to Achieve The Sustainable Development Goals in Indonesian
Authors: Kustija Jaja , Afifah Alif Ulfa , Fahrizal Diki , Surya Irgi
Published: February 2024

Air pollution is a major concern in a number of major cities in the world. The impacts of air pollution include respiratory, vision and heart problems and even the risk of cancer. The air quality monitoring system in existing conditions still requires improvements in system development, such as integration with the Internet of Things. This research aims to design and build an air quality monitoring system with parameters that monitor CO levels, dust particulate levels, temperature and humidity integrated with the Blynk platform which can be accessed in real-time, in an effort to support the SDGs program as a mandate of the world community through the PBB. The research method used is Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation (ADDIE). The result of this research is to design an air monitoring system with specifications for detecting CO levels (200 ppm to 10,000 ppm), dust particles (sensitivity 0.1 mg/m3), temperature (-40oC to 80oC), and humidity (0% 100%). Apart from that, in the long term the designed air monitoring system can be expanded, for example each industry has sensors installed in the chimneys and exhausts to detect whether the industrial exhaust is still within the permissible limits, as well as ground vehicle activity. It can also support SDGs programs including healthy and prosperous lives (point 3), clean and affordable energy (point 7), sustainable cities and settlements (point 11) and tackling climate change (point 13).
The final stage of micropropagation of garden strawberries
Authors: Kornatskiy Sergey
Published: February 2024

The aim of the study was to develop a new technique for maintaining the viability of rooted strawberry microplants obtained in the autumn-winter-spring period. Strawberry cultivars “Asia”, “Florence”, “Kimberly” were studied. In vitro cultivation was carried out on Murashige-Skoog medium. At the stage of propagation, 1.0 mgꞏL-1 of 6-BAP was added to the medium, at the stage of elongation - 0.05 mgꞏL-1 of 6-BAP. Medium containing 1.0 mg • L-1IBA was used for rooting, or the concentration was reduced to 0.1 mg • L-1 for microcuttings rehabilitation. The cultures were maintained in a growth room at 23 ± 1 ° C with a 16-hour photoperiod. The light intensity was 5-6 klx. Adaptation of microplants was not carried out immediately after the rooting of microcuttings. The scheme of working with plant material has been changed compared to the generally accepted one. The existing roots and leaves of all microplants were completely removed, after which they were transplanted in the form of vegetating buds to a fresh medium for rehabilitation. This eliminated the need for their inevitable adaptation. After planting, restoration of leaves and roots of vegetating buds was successful within 20-30 days, and their safety and survival rate was 100%.
Increasing cotton fiber quality in the process of cotton transportation in polyethylene pipes in cotton processing plants
Authors: Kadirova Gulnorakhon
Published: February 2024

In this article, cotton quality scrapers were identified by applying the erucamide product to cotton processing plants in place of existing steel pipes in cotton refineries for the first time in polyethylene. Technologies in cotton ginning enterprises were studied. For the purpose of producing quality cotton fibers and seeds, their advantages and disadvantages were considered and the degree of damage was studied. The article shows the advantage of the production process of rational use of the pneumotransport system.
Improving the seed sorting device to increase natural fiber yield at cotton ginning enterprises
Authors: Muradov Rustam , Sarimsakov Akramjon , Rejabboev Soxib
Published: February 2024

The article discusses practical particularities of the branch seeds remaining ferocity and free filaments by means of sorting after ginning seeds to increase the number of natural fibers. The factors that negatively affect the output of fiber and seed, which are the main products of cotton ginning enterprises, are presented. The output of fiber in the section of the factories is analyzed. The working principle and schemes of the equipment and mechanisms proposed by the researchers are highlighted. One of the problems that negatively affect the fiber yield is the justification for the improvement of the processes for the selection of unterminated seeds.
Increasing the energy efficiency of wooden house construction
Authors: Dolmatov Sergey , Mikhailov Ivan , Drabkina Elena , Shchepochkina Julia , Yakushev Adel , Bedenko Iraida
Published: February 2024

Individual housing construction in the Krasnoyarsk Territory is actively developing. Rising housing prices in multi-storey buildings, increasing building density, and socio-demographic factors are increasing the popularity of individual construction. Technologies for such construction imply the widespread use of available local building materials, in particular wood. During the study, the designs of private houses in the settlement - the regional center of the Krasnoyarsk Territory - were analyzed. It was found that 90% of the sample examined were houses built from timber. Using simulation modeling methods, the actual thermal resistance of the enclosing structure made of timber with a cross-section of 0.15×0.15 m was determined. The calculated value was compared with the standard resistance indicator of the enclosing structure, taking into account energy saving standards. The Elcut solid modeling system was used in the work. The required heat flow power to maintain stationary heat transfer conditions was determined. It has been established that the design enclosing structure does not provide the required thermal resistance taking into account energy saving standards. It is necessary to consider a multilayer enclosing structure and increase the design resistance by insulating the outer surface of the wall with heat-insulating materials.
Salt Lake as a natural monument terrestrial and aquatic biological diversity
Authors: Kazantseva Maria N. , Gashev Serdey N. , Arefyev Stanislav P. , Aleshina Olga A. , Sorokina Natalia V. , Levykh Alyona Yu. , Ganzherli Nadezda V.
Published: February 2024

The article provides data on biological diversity of plants, animals, and fungi inhabiting Salt Lake Natural Monument and its surroundings (Tyumen Oblast, Russia). The authors used route and sample plot census methods. The natural monument area is situated within the forest steppe ecotone of the West Siberian Plain. Thus species typical for the adjoining boreal and steppe zones are also registered in the biological communities under study. Aquatic ecosystems of the area include two instances opposed from the species diversity and abundance point of view: the poor one of mineralized Salt Lake and the rich one of fresh water Dolgoye Lake. The total of 166 vascular plant species, 110 vertebrate and 95 invertebrate species, as well as 60 fungi species were registered on the territory. Among these, two plant and eight animal species are listed in different Red Data Books. Recreational use of the territory makes the composition and structure of flora and fauna complexes unique, as the species intolerant to anthropogenic load are depressed, and synanthropes are implanted in the assemblages. Biological diversity transformation accelerates due to an increase of the investigated territory aridity.
Radiomics Analysis of Multiparametric PET/MRI for N- and M-Staging in Patients with Primary Cervical Cancer
Authors: Umutlu Lale , Nensa Felix , Demircioglu Aydin , Antoch Gerald , Herrmann Ken , Forsting Michael , Grueneisen Johannes Stefan
Published: February 2024

Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of multiparametric 18F-FDG PET/MR imaging as a platform for radiomics analysis and machine learning algorithms based on primary cervical cancers to predict N- and M-stage in patients.

Materials and Methods A total of 30 patients with histopathological confirmation of primary and untreated cervical cancer were prospectively enrolled for a multiparametric 18F-FDG PET/MR examination, comprising a dedicated protocol for imaging of the female pelvis. The primary tumor in the uterine cervix was manually segmented on post-contrast T1-weighted images. Quantitative features were extracted from the segmented tumors using the Radiomic Image Processing Toolbox for the R software environment for statistical computing and graphics. 45 different image features were calculated from non-enhanced as well as post-contrast T1-weighted TSE images, T2-weighted TSE images, the ADC map, the parametric Ktrans, Kep, Ve and iAUC maps and PET images, respectively. Statistical analysis and modeling was performed using Python 3.5 and the scikit-learn software machine learning library for the Python programming language.

Results Prediction of M-stage was superior when compared to N-stage. Prediction of M-stage using SVM with SVM-RFE as feature selection obtained the highest performance providing sensitivity of 91 % and specificity of 92 %. Using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of the pooled predictions, the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.97. Prediction of N-stage using RBF-SVM with MIFS as feature selection reached sensitivity of 83 %, specificity of 67 % and an AUC of 0.82.

Conclusion M- and N-stage can be predicted based on isolated radiomics analyses of the primary tumor in cervical cancers, thus serving as a template for noninvasive tumor phenotyping and patient stratification using high-dimensional feature vectors extracted from multiparametric PET/MRI data.

Key points:
Enger Spinalkanal und osteoligamentäre Verletzung HWS – konservative Therapie
Authors: Thomé Claudius
Published: February 2024

Seit der Beschreibung des traumatischen zentromedullären Syndroms (traumatic central cord syndrome, TCCS) als Rückenmarksschädigung durch
Kontusionierung bei vorbestehendem engen zervikalen Spinalkanal durch Schneider 1954 wurden
betroffene Patient:innen aufgrund der häufig spontanen neurologischen Erholung in erster Linie
konservativ behandelt. Mit der Erkenntnis, dass relativ häufig strukturelle und potentiell
instabile Verletzungen in diesen Fällen vorliegen und der zunehmend aggressiven (frühen)
chirurgischen Versorgung von Rückenmarkstraumen im Allgemeinen, wird aktuell auch beim TCCS
eine operative Therapie propagiert. Bei osteoligamentärer Verletzung und Instabilität macht
dies Sinn, während die Datenlage beim klassischen TCCS, also der Rückenmarkskontusionierung
alleine durch Hyperextension bei engem Spinalkanal ohne (instabile) Verletzung, unklar ist.
Vergleichende Studien konnten keinen Vorteil der operativen Versorgung nachweisen. Da die
radiologische Detektion von diskoligamentären Verletzungen bei begleitenden degenerativen
Veränderungen schwierig sein kann und nicht selten eine anhaltende Rückenmarkskompression
bildgebend vorliegt, ist eine aggressive operative Vorgehensweise durchaus zu rechtfertigen.
TCCS-Patient:nnen mit geringer neurologischer Symptomatik, die keine Rückenmarkskompression in
der Bildgebung zeigen, können jedoch präferentiell konservativ versorgt werden.
Enger Spinalkanal und osteoligamentäre Verletzung der Halswirbelsäule – Synthese
Authors: Hoffmann Christoph-Heinrich , Kandziora Frank
Published: February 2024

Patienten mit Spinalkanalstenose und osteoligamentärer Verletzung stellen ein sehr heterogenes Kollektiv dar. Neurologisches Defizit, Ausmaß und Lokalisation der Stenose wie auch des Myelonschadens variieren ebenso wie das Ausmaß und die Lokalisation der osteoligamentären Verletzung. Einheitliche Therapierichtlinien, insbesondere zur Operationsindikation, liegen daher nicht vor. Einigkeit besteht darin, dass instabile Wirbelsäulenverletzungen in stabile operativ überführt werden. Bei Vorliegen einer stabilen Verletzung sind patientenspezifische Faktoren für die Wahl der Therapie entscheidend, da die Studienlage nach wie vor kein ausreichendes Evidenzniveau ergibt.
OF2 # mit sekundärer Sinterung – operative Therapie
Authors: Kobbe Philipp
Published: February 2024

Eine sekundäre Nachsinterung bei osteoporotischen Frakturen unter Mobilisation tritt häufig auf und führt nicht zwangsläufig zum Verlassen der konservativen Therapiestrategie. Niemals sollte eine Therapieentscheidung rein bildmorphologisch gestellt werden, jedoch liefert eine genaue Analyse der initialen computer- und kernspintomographischen Bilder häufig bereits einen Anhalt bezüglich des Risikos einer sekundären Nachsinterung bis hin zum vertebralen Kollaps. Diese Risikofaktoren müssen in die Therapieplanung einbezogen werden und können die Indikation zur operativen Therapie frühzeitig triggern. Hierbei stellt die Kyphoplastie die Methode der Wahl dar, sollte jedoch bei Osteonekrosezonen oder größeren Endplattendefekten zu Gunsten einer Hybridstabilisierung in den Hintergrund rücken. Invasive dorso-ventrale Versorgungen sind Einzelfällen, insbesondere bei eingetretenem vertebralem Kollaps, vorbehalten.
Sondendependenz bei Früh- und Risikogeborenen
Authors: Mink Carla Marie , Böhme Johanna , Jockenhöfer Antonia , Wilken Markus
Published: February 2024

Kinder, die aufgrund einer Erkrankung auf künstliche Ernährung angewiesen sind, haben oft Schwierigkeiten, ein normales Essverhalten zu entwickeln. Der Schwerpunkt zeigt Gründe für eine Fütterungsstörung auf und schildert, welche Therapiemöglichkeiten es bei einer Sondendependenz gibt.
Zwangsmedikation als Barriere im Beziehungsaufbau – eine kritisch-reflexive Aufarbeitung entlang des Caring-Konzepts
Authors: Köllner Hans Peter
Published: February 2024

Zwangsmedikation kann eine therapeutische Notwendigkeit auf Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrien sein, um akut bedrohliches Geschehen zu deeskalieren. Oft bleiben die Patienten, aber auch das Personal nach einer solchen Maßnahme irritiert zurück. Dieser Umstand wirkt störend auf den pflegetherapeutischen Beziehungsaufbau. Eine caring-sensible Reflexion der Pflegepersonen adressiert diese Herausforderungen, fördert deren professionelle Entwicklung und trägt zur gelingenden Pflegepraxis bei.
Wenn das eigene Kind stirbt …
Authors: Rungg Christine , Haselwanter Valentina
Published: February 2024

Was brauchen Eltern, die sich der Tatsache gegenübersehen, dass ihr Kind sterben wird? Welche Unterstützungsmöglichkeiten gibt es und welchen Beitrag können Pflegende dabei leisten?
Placenta Invasion Anomaly without Placenta Previa in the First
Trimester of Pregnancy and its Conservative Management: A Case
Presentation
Authors: Jafarzade Aytaj
Published: February 2024

Diagnosing placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) is rather difficult in the first
trimester of pregnancy. Especially if the localization of the placenta is not in
and around the cervical canal, this may not attract the attention of
obstetricians. Early diagnosis can decrease bleeding during curettage or
miscarriage, but there are no guidelines regarding its diagnosis in the first
trimester. In addition, there is insufficient evidence-based knowledge in the
literature on the management and treatment of PAS without placenta previa. In
this article, conservative treatment without hysterectomy of a patient diagnosed
with PAS in first trimester was presented.
An Evaluation of the Relationship between Professional Self-esteem and Job Satisfaction Levels of Audiologists According to Their Workplace Types
Authors: Cengiz Deniz U. , Karababa Ercan , Çolak Sanem C. , Kurtcu Büşra , Demirel Birişik Sümeyye , Erbek Seyra
Published: February 2024

Background The concept of occupational self-esteem is the value judgment developed toward the chosen profession, whereas job satisfaction includes positive emotional attitudes toward the job. Professional self-esteem and job satisfaction levels of audiologists are a matter of curiosity.

Purpose To determine the effect of the workplace types of audiologists in Türkiye on their professional self-esteem and job satisfaction levels.

Study Sample The study included 307 audiologists working in various types of workplaces. Participation in the study was voluntary.

Data Collection A Personal Information Form, Arıcak's Occupational Self-Esteem Scale, and the Minnesota Job Satisfaction Scale were administered to all individuals via Google forms and the scale scores were compared according to the workplace types.

Results A statistically significant relationship was found between professional self-esteem and job satisfaction, age, satisfaction with workplace, satisfaction with working conditions, effect of workplace on professional development, and income satisfaction (p < 0.05). However, no statistically significant relationship was found between professional self-esteem and professional tenure and tenure in the current organization (p > 0.05). There was a strong positive statistically significant relationship between job satisfaction and professional self-esteem of audiologists working at state hospitals, hearing aid centers, university hospitals, rehabilitation centers, and cochlear implant centers and academics (p < 0.05).

Conclusion According to the present results, although the professional self-esteem of audiologists in Türkiye showed a small difference according to the type of workplace, their mean score was high. This shows that audiologists enjoy their profession. Job satisfaction levels were lower especially in rehabilitation centers and private hospitals. We think that improving the working conditions of audiologists in private institutions will be effective in improving the services provided to patients by leading to better job satisfaction.
Causal Effects of COVID-19 on the Risk of Thrombosis: A Two-Sample Mendel Randomization Study
Authors: Li Zhengran , Zeng Minghui , Wu Tong , Wang Zijin , Sun Yuxin , Zhang Ziran , Wu Fanye , Chen Zejun , Fu Min , Meng Fanke
Published: February 2024

Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and thrombosis are linked, but the biomolecular mechanism is unclear. We aimed to investigate the causal relationship between COVID-19 and thrombotic biomarkers.

Methods We used two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to assess the effect of COVID-19 on 20 thrombotic biomarkers. We estimated causality using inverse variance weighting with multiplicative random effect, and performed sensitivity analysis using weighted median, MR-Egger regression and MR Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier (MR-PRESSO) methods. All the results were examined by false discovery rate (FDR) with the Benjamin and Hochberg method for this correction to minimize false positives. We used R language for the analysis.

Results All COVID-19 classes showed lower levels of tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) and interleukin-1 receptor type 1 (IL-1R1). COVID-19 significantly reduced TFPI (odds ratio [OR] = 0.639, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.435–0.938) and IL-1R1 (OR = 0.603, 95% CI = 0.417–0.872), nearly doubling the odds. We also found that COVID-19 lowered multiple coagulation factor deficiency protein 2 and increased C–C motif chemokine 3. Hospitalized COVID-19 cases had less plasminogen activator, tissue type (tPA) and P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 (PSGL-1), while severe cases had higher mean platelet volume (MPV) and lower platelet count. These changes in TFPI, tPA, IL-1R1, MPV, and platelet count suggested a higher risk of thrombosis. Decreased PSGL-1 indicated a lower risk of thrombosis.

Conclusion TFPI, IL-1R, and seven other indicators provide causal clues of the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and thrombosis. This study demonstrated that COVID-19 causally influences thrombosis at the biomolecular level.
Merging Humans and Neuroprosthetics through Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interfaces
Authors: Tian Yucheng , Vaskov Alex K. , Adidharma Widya , Cederna Paul S. , Kemp Stephen W.P.
Published: February 2024

Limb amputations can be devastating and significantly affect an individual's independence, leading to functional and psychosocial challenges in nearly 2 million people in the United States alone. Over the past decade, robotic devices driven by neural signals such as neuroprostheses have shown great potential to restore the lost function of limbs, allowing amputees to regain movement and sensation. However, current neuroprosthetic interfaces have challenges in both signal quality and long-term stability. To overcome these limitations and work toward creating bionic limbs, the Neuromuscular Laboratory at University of Michigan Plastic Surgery has developed the Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface (RPNI). This surgical construct embeds a transected peripheral nerve into a free muscle graft, effectively amplifying small peripheral nerve signals to provide enhanced control signals for a neuroprosthetic limb. Furthermore, the RPNI has the potential to provide sensory feedback to the user and facilitate neuroprosthesis embodiment. This review focuses on the animal studies and clinical trials of the RPNI to recapitulate the promising trajectory toward neurobionics where the boundary between an artificial device and the human body becomes indistinct. This paper also sheds light on the prospects of the improvement and dissemination of the RPNI technology.
Sensitivity and specificity of the EAT-10 and SDQ-DP in identifying the risk of dysphagia in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Ponsoni Adriana , Costa Flavia Pereira , Soares Vinícius Nagy , Santos Camilla Gabriela Silva , Mourão Lucia Figueiredo
Published: February 2024

Background The early identification of risk for dysphagia in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) is essential for the prevention of nutritional and pulmonary complications.

Objective To analyze the sensitivity and specificity of the Swallowing Disturbance Questionnaire (SDQ-PD) and the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) in identifying dysphagia risk in patients with early and intermediate stages of PD.

Methods Twenty-nine patients with PD participated in the study. EAT-10 and SDQ-PD questionnaires were applied, and a videofluoroscopic swallowing study. Dysphagia Outcome and Severity Scale (DOSS) was used to classify the presence and severity of dysphagia, and the Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS) was used to identify the presence of penetration/aspiration. In the statistical analysis, the sensitivity and specificity of the risk questionnaires were calculated, as well as positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy.

Results EAT-10 to identify the risk of penetration/aspiration revealed a sensitivity of 71.42% and specificity of 45.45%; in the identification of the presence of dysphagia, the sensitivity was 47.61%, and the specificity was 12.5%. The SDQ-PD questionnaire for risk of penetration/aspiration demonstrated a sensitivity of 28.57%, and a specificity of 68.18%. In terms of identifying the presence of dysphagia, the sensitivity was 20%, while the specificity was 44.44%.

Conclusion The SDQ-PD revealed low sensitivity and low specificity to identify the presence of dysphagia and/or penetration/aspiration in patients with early and intermediate stages of PD in this sample. Despite its low specificity, the EAT-10 exhibited good sensitivity in indicating the risk of penetration/aspiration.
Concomitant Bilateral Inferior Gluteal Lymph Node Involvement in Metastatic Prostate Adenocarcinoma Detected on 68Gallium-Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography
Authors: Baberwal Parth , Sonavane Sunita , Basu Sandip
Published: February 2024

An unusual and unique case of prostate adenocarcinoma with involvement of bilateral inferior gluteal lymph nodes is reported. The patient was a 42-year-old male, with conventional prostatic adenocarcinoma (Gleason score: 5 + 4 = 9), who, during disease progression with rising serum prostate specific antigen levels following medical androgen deprivation therapy, demonstrated new prostate-specific membrane antigen expressing metastatic intermuscular deposits in the bilateral gluteal region, subsequently proven to be bilateral inferior gluteal nodal metastasis. A therapeutic implication to this may be that these nodes usually fall beyond the range covered by the therapeutic radiation field coverage where external radiotherapy is the advocated modality of choice and are not easily reachable through standard surgical procedures. As a result, they could have an impact on the way patients are clinically treated and on their prognosis.
Robinson–Trautman solutions with scalar hair and Ricci flow
Authors: Nozawa Masato , Torii Takashi
Published: February 2024

The vacuum Robinson–Trautman solution admits a shear-free and twist-free null geodesic congruence with a nonvanishing expansion. We perform a comprehensive classification of solutions exhibiting this property in Einstein’s gravity with a massless scalar field, assuming that the solution belongs at least to Petrov-type II and some of the components of Ricci tensor identically vanish. We find that these solutions can be grouped into three distinct classes: (I-a) a natural extension of the Robinson–Trautman family incorporating a scalar hair satisfying the time derivative of the Ricci flow equation, (I-b) a novel non-asymptotically flat solution characterized by two functions satisfying Perelman’s pair of the Ricci flow equations, and (II) a dynamical solution possessing

SO

(
3
)

,

ISO

(
2
)

or

SO

(
1
,
2
)

symmetry. We provide a complete list of all explicit solutions falling into Petrov type D for classes (I-a) and (I-b). Moreover, leveraging the massless solution in class (I-a), we derive the neutral Robinson–Trautman solution to the

N

=
2

gauged supergravity with the prepotential

F
(
X
)
=
−
i

X

0

X
1

. By flipping the sign of the kinetic term of the scalar field, the Petrov-D class (I-a) solution leads to a time-dependent wormhole with an instantaneous spacetime singularity. Although the general solution is unavailable for class (II), we find a new dynamical solution with spherical symmetry from the anti-de Sitter (AdS)–Roberts solution via AdS/Ricci-flat correspondence.
Independent dual-band absorptions with large frequency ratio and large bandwidth ratio from composite metamaterials of water pyramids over Helmholtz resonators
Authors: Fan ZengHu , Yang Rui
Published: February 2024

We demonstrate the perfect trapping of electromagnetic fields at dual frequencies through composite metamaterials of a water pyramid cascaded meta-surface loaded with a Helmholtz resonator array. More specifically, the water pyramid cascaded meta-surface functions as an ultra-wideband absorber at the frequency range of 6.6–100 GHz with more than a 175

%

relative bandwidth, while operating as a transparent screen at lower frequencies for the Helmholtz resonators. On the other hand, the Helmholtz resonator array will absorb electromagnetic fields at 100 MHz with the Q factor of 63 and the total thickness of 1/160 wavelengths, while performing as the ground for the water pyramids. The proposed design, integrating the water pyramid cascaded meta-surface with a Helmholtz resonator array for the independent dual-band absorptions with a large frequency ratio and large bandwidth ratio, should pave the way for building up more advanced energy-harvesting meta-devices.