bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eksistensi Alat Musik Taiko Sejak Zaman Jomon Hingga Zaman Heisei
Authors: Sugih Latifah Ashari , Fitriana Rina , Rahmawati Yelni
Published: June 2022

Abstrak Penelitian ini menganalisis bagaimanakah eksistensi alat musik taiko sejak zaman Jomon hingga zaman Heisei, pergeseran fungsi serta cara bangsa Jepang mempertahankan eksistensi taiko. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode deskriptif analitis, yaitu melalui studi kepustakaan yang bertujuan untuk mendapatkan data-data yang relevan terhadap penelitian dan kemudian dianalisa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa eksistensi taiko masih ada hingga zaman Heisei dengan terdapat ciri khas pada penampilan taiko di setiap zamannya. Pergeseran fungsi terjadi pada taiko, dengan terdapat unsur hiburan dalam alat musik keagamaan tersebut, serta warga Jepang melakukan upaya secara berkala demi mempertahankan taiko. Kata Kunci: Taiko, eksistensi, pergeseran fungsi
Analisis Pembentukan Kanji Berdasarkan Pembedahan Makna Mushihen Yang Berhubungan Langsung dan Tidak Langsung
Authors: Kurniawan Hozi , Fitriana Rina , Karyati Alo
Published: June 2022

Penelitian ini menganalisis tentang pembentukan makna kanji dengan cara membedah bagian kanji lainnya. Bagian kanji yang dipisah akan dihubungkan dengan makna asal dari bushu kanji tersebut berdasarkan buku teori mnemonics kanji. Kanji yang memiliki hubungan dengan makna asal mushi serangga dilihat melalui sifat dan sisi pembentukannya dalam rikusho, sedangkan kanji yang tidak berhubungan dengan makna mushi serangga dilihat dari makna sifat dan ciri-ciri fisik pada serangga untuk mewakili menjelaskan mengapa kanji yang tidak berhubungan memiliki bushu serangga.
Nilai Estetika Pada Shodou Khususnya Pada Gaya Sousho Berkaitan Dengan Teori Wabi-Sabi Dan Teori Zen
Authors: Fazri Vyas Chairul , Rukhyana Budi , Susanti Helen
Published: June 2022

Skripsi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa bagaimanakah nilai-nilai estetika yang terdapat dalam shodou khususnya pada gaya sousho berdasarkan teori estetika wabi-sabi dan teori estetika Zen. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode deskriptif analitis, yaitu melalui studi kepustakaan yang bertujuan untuk mendapatkan data-data yang relevan terhadap penelitian dan kemudian dianalisa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam shodou terkandung nilai-nilai estetika wabi-sabi dan nilai-nilai estetika Zen. Nilai estetika wabi-sabi ditunjukkan melalui ciri-ciri kesederhanaan, asimetris, dan ketidaksempurnaan. Sedangkan nilai estetika Zen ditunjukkan melalui ketenangan, konsentrasi, dan kedisiplinan.
Analisis Makna Kata Jatuh dalam Bahasa Jepang dan Perbandingannya dalam Bahasa Sunda
Authors: Pratiwi Yulisar Gita , Sudjianto Sudjianto , Karyati Alo
Published: June 2022

Penelitiani ini menganalisis perbandingan makna kata jatuh dalam bahasa Sunda dan bahasa Jepang. Yang akan dibahas didalam penelitian ini adalah makna, fungsi, perbedaan dan persamaan kata ochiru, korobu, taoreru dan suberu. Sumber yang digunakan berasal dari novel, komik, buku, dan majalah. Metode yang digunakan adalah Metode Deskriptif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membandingkan makna kata jatuh dalam bahasa Sunda dan bahasa Jepang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa makna kata jatuh dalam bahasa Sunda dan bahasa Jepang ternyata memiliki kesamaan dengan bahasa Sunda.
Analisis Sistem Dukungan Keluarga terhadap Warga Lanjut Usia di Jepang
Authors: Handayani Jessica Nathania , Iskandar Kurniawaty
Published: June 2022

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sistem dukungan lansia di Jepang. Sistem dukungan yang dimaksud adalah aspek kohabitasi dan transfer finansial antargenerasi dan dianalisis menggunakan metode pengumpulan data studi pustaka dan metode deskriptif. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa sistem dukungan keluarga pada lansia menunjukkan pelemahan karena jumlah rumah tangga lansia tunggal terus menunjukkan peningkatan pesat sementara jumlah dukungan finansial dari anak ke orang tua terus menurun. Lansia yang tinggal sendiri cenderung lansia yang tidak memiliki hubungan filiasi yang kuat sejak awal karena berbagai alasan. Fenomena ini dapat membawa masyarakat lanjut usia Jepang ke masalah yang lebih besar seperti kemiskinan lansia atau meninggal dalam kesendirian.
Analisis Pemakaian Klausa Relatif Dalam Novel “Tensei Shitara Suraimu Datta Ken” Jilid I Karya Fuse
Authors: Rabbani Huda Nur , Fitriana Rina , Karyati Alo
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT: This study discusses the use of relative clauses in Fuse's novel "Tensei Shitara Suraimu datta Ken". The main focus of this thesis is the use of Japanese relative clauses based on sentence structure and the meaning contained therein. The theory used is the syntactic theory which makes phrases, clauses and sentences as the object of research and the relative clause theory of Japanese.
Korelasi Kebutuhan Dengan Ikigai Pada Mahasiswa Program Studi Sastra Jepang Universitas Pakuan
Authors: Hapsari Paramita Winny , Mugiyanti Mugiyanti
Published: June 2022

Penelitian ini membahas mengenai hubungan konsep ikigai atau tujuan hidup dengan teori kebutuhan Abraham Maslow. Seorang psikolog Jepang, Mieko Kamiya menjelaskan bahwa, ikigai adalah suatu semangat yang membuat kita tetap berusaha untuk terus maju ke masa depan, meskipun kita saat ini sedang menderita. Sementara itu pada piramida hirarki kebutuhan oleh Abraham Maslow dijelaskan bahwa pada dasarnya terdapat berbagai macam kebutuhan dalam diri seseorang yang bisa dilihat secara berjenjang. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa aktif Sastra Jepang Universitas Pakuan. Sampel penelitian ini berjumlah 88 orang responden dengan menggunakan simple random sampling melalui kuisioner. Hasil penelitian ini adalah hubungan antar ikigai dan kebutuhan cenderung lemah. Terdapat factor lain di luar kedua variabel tersebut yang menyebabkan mahasiswa tidak bersemangat dalam menjalani kuliah.
ANALISIS PENDEKATAN MARKETING PUBLIC RELATIONS DALAM PENGEMBANGAN PROMOSI PARIWISATA DI KOTA BOGOR
Authors: Nuraini Shafia Aqsha , Jayawinangun Roni , Satriani Imani
Published: June 2022

This study aims to find out how the Bogor Tourism and Culture Office, especially the Promotion section, runs its activities and programs to develop promotions on the tourism sector in Bogor City. The research uses qualitative research methods, Case Study. The process of data collection was carried out by conducting interviews with sources of the Bogor Tourism and Culture Office which act as Key Informants and Informants, and sources from the Ministry of Tourism Republic of Indonesia act as triangulation. The result of this study is the emergence of a development of tourism promotion in the Bogor City for audiences through an assessment of the media that has been used as a promotional tool using SWOT analysis techniques. Where the assessment was obtained from a program that had been carried out by the Bogor City Tourism and Culture Office which was categorized by using 3 Marketing Public Relations Strategies namely pull, push and pass. So that in the end these activities and developments had an impact on the increasing number of visitors who came to Bogor City. Keywords: Bogor city; marketing public relations; promotion; SWOT; tourism
PENGARUH INTENSITAS MENONTON TAYANGAN PROGRAM ILOOK NET TV TERHADAP PERILAKU REMAJA DALAM BERBUSANA
Authors: Kamila Ayunita Nur , Martha Layung Paramesti , Satriani Imani
Published: June 2022

This research is aimed to identify the effects of the intensity of watching the programs of iLook NET TV show on youth behavior in clothing. The purpose of this study is to find out how the intensity of watching the programs iLook shows teenagers in their attire in the school of SMK Negeri 3 Kota Bogor. This research uses X variables in watching intensity and Y variables in behavior. This study is using quantitative methods. The population of this research is sophomores XII SMK Negeri 3 Kota Bogor. This study included 92 people. The data collection techniques used in this study were mainly from questionnaires and observations. The technique used non probability sampling. The research agrees with thehypotheses on sthe study, it states that there is a influence between the intensity of the watch on teenagers behavior. Based on a test of relationship strength of 0,381, it can be said that the intensity of the relationship is judged to be very strong and comes out that the intensity of watching the iLook program has an influence on teenagers behavior by 0,145 while the rest (100% - 14,5% ) is 85,5 rated by another factor.
ANALISIS PUBLISITAS @SARI.ORGANIK MELALUI MEDIA SOSIAL INSTAGRAM
Authors: Septika Dewi , Siregar Mariana Rista Ananda , Aminah Ratih Siti
Published: June 2022

This research was conducted in order to identify Sari Organik publicity analysis through Instagram social media based on the Iriantara concept which consists of the basic principles of publicity. This type of research is descriptive qualitative, this research focuses on one of the activities in Sari Organik, namely publicity activities on Instagram social media. In this regard, this qualitative descriptive approach is expected to explain the situation, problems and @sari.organik publicity activities through social media. This research was conducted at Sari Organik in February 2020. Data analysis techniques used were data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions, so that the data collected was only important data because it had been sorted. This study uses observation techniques, in-depth interviews, and documentation, meaning researchers get data from these 3 techniques. The results showed that the publicity activities at Sari Organik which were carried out using the basic principles of publicity from the Iriantara concept were very effective with wide and inexpensive reach. Publication activities are very important to support activities in selling products. As for the focus of the media used as publicity media is Instagram social media. Instagram is one of the media that is loved today as well as Sari Organic using Instagram as a media publicity.
MENGEMBANGAN POTENSI ANAK USIA DINI MELALUI BUDAYA SUNDA
Authors: Kurniasih Nina , Rakhmaniar Almadina , Rachman Robby
Published: June 2022

The development of children's potential in Early Childhood Education (PAUD) in the era of globalization is currently facing big challenges. In especial, the challenge of the entry of global culture or foreign culture into Indonesia that is not in accordance with the value system and culture of the Indonesian nation which carries full value, norms, customary ethics and local culture as well as other values and principles, This causes an impact on Indonesian education and culture and is feared that it will erode and threaten the existence of Sundanese culture as a local cultural part of the Indonesian nation's culture, in order to always exist and be strong, we need a way to maintain it. One of the solution is by synergize and integrating Sundanese culture in early childhood education, which is considered the Golden Age, a phase that determines the future of children. is through Sundanese culture in the form of Sundanese cultural philosophies or values and pupuh, is hoped that in addition to being able to be a way to conserve the local wisdom of Sundanese culture and as a filter from the negative impact of foreign cultures, it can also develop the potential of early childhood. other than that the opinion of experts also shows that the values and philosophies contained in Sundanese culture are in accordance with the principles of the national educational goals.
EFEKTIVITAS PROGRAM ACARA 86 NET TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KESADARAN TERTIB BERLALU LINTAS (Studi Kasus Masyarakat Kota Bogor)
Authors: Febriawan Rizqy , Alamsyah Feri Ferdinan , Amaliasari Diana
Published: June 2022

This research aims to identify the effectiveness of program 86 NET TV on increasing driving awareness of Bogor City community. The data analysis technique uses a quantitative explanatory survey method by taking data through a questionnaire, and document.The results of the research based on the effectiveness of the program 86 NET (X) significantly affects the community's awareness of driving (Y). The results of the calculation of the coefficient of determination test show that the effectiveness of the program affects driving awareness by 49.5 percent, meaning that it is not only the program effectiveness factor that affects public awareness of driving
PERSEPSI PEMUDA ISLAM TERHADAP KEBIJAKAN ERDOGAN PADA KONFLIK PALESTINA-ISRAEL
Authors: Mahardi Donny Pramudya
Published: June 2022

Erdogan has a political movement based on Islamic politics. Erdogan issued a range of political policies inherent in Islamic identity. This shaped Erdogan's image as a world-Islamic figure who represented the interests of the Islamic world. Erdogan's policy on the Palestinian-Israeli conflict in 2021 strengthens Erdogan as an Islamic leader. The study examined Erdogan's foreign policy in favor of Palestine in the context of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and analyzed perceptions of Muslim youth as implications for that policy. The study analyzed foreign policy strategies that stakeholders can use in shaping public perception of him. The study uses a mix of desk study and empirical approaches.  Data collection is carried out by (1) reviewing the literature of previous research results and (2) distributing questionnaires to the board of Islamic student organizations at IPB University as respondents. Based on the results of the analysis, the influence of Erdogan's policies on his support of Palestine has a strong impact on young Muslims in Indonesia. Respondents perceived that Erdogan is an Islamic leader who meets the expectations of the world's Muslims.
REPRESENTASI SISI KEMISKINAN DALAM FILM PARASITE (ANALISIS SEMIOTIKA CHARLES SANDERS PEIRCE)
Authors: Zain Nada Amalia , Valdiani Dini , Puspanidra Tiara
Published: June 2022

Parasite (Korean: Gisaengchung) is a South Korean movie directed by Bong Joon-Ho. This movie, which is presented in 2019, is a dark humor film genre filled with tense scenes and dramas. Themes of social problems or problems that occur in South Korean society, namely poverty, are also presented in this movie. This research aims to analyze the poverty of a thriller drama movie. The meaning of poverty can be observed from several scenes through the relationship between signs and semiotic meanings using Charles Sanders Peirce's model with the concept of a triangle of meaning, namely sign, object and interpretant. Qualitative research in the form of Charles Sanders Peirce's semiotic analysis is used as a method in this research.  Five of the entire scenes of the movie are selected as representations of poverty. The five scenes are analyzed through the relation of signs, objects and interpretant depicted in each scene. There are signs and meanings which describe poverty in several scenes in accordance with the type of poverty, namely relative poverty. The results of this study concluded that there are several scenes that represent poverty which is categorized into relative poverty as seen from the aspect of social inequality. This is because there are several characters who can make ends meet their minimum basic needs but they are still far lower than their surrounding society.
Hydrogel Development for Rotator Cuff Repair
Authors: Xu Zhengyu , Fang Yifei , Chen Yao , Zhao Yushuang , Wei Wei , Teng Chong
Published: June 2022

Rotator cuff tears (RCTs) are common in shoulder disease and disability. Despite significant advances in surgical repair techniques, 20–70% of patients still have postoperative rotator cuff dysfunction. These functional defects may be related to retear or rotator cuff quality deterioration due to tendon retraction and scar tissue at the repair site. As an effective delivery system, hydrogel scaffolds may improve the healing of RCTs and be a useful treatment for irreparable rotator cuff injuries. Although many studies have tested this hypothesis, most are limited to laboratory animal experiments. This review summarizes differences in hydrogel scaffold construction, active ingredients, and application methods in recent research. Efforts to determine the indications of hydrogel scaffolds (with different constructions and cargos) for various types of RCTs, as well as the effectiveness and reliability of application methods and devices, are also discussed.
Psychometric Properties of the Competencies Compound Inventory for the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Celume Macarena-Paz , Maoulida Haïfat
Published: June 2022

The world is evolving rapidly, implying that the jobs of tomorrow, the socio-economic problems and the technologies we will have to interact with, will no longer exist. For this, a new set of skills and competencies will be necessary and these will allow us to face the twenty-first century. The “Four-Dimensional Education” model from the Center of Curriculum Redesign (CCR), which is developed by Fadel and his collaborators in 2015, stands out by proposing a framework that organizes twelve competencies for the twenty-first century, defines them in a clear and usable way, and provides levels for action for all education stakeholders. Based on this model, a self-reported scale was built to assess these competencies. The purpose of this study is to present the psychometric properties of this scale with the objective of measuring this specific set of competencies. The results showed good psychometric properties, presenting a sensitive, reliable, and valid scale to measure twenty-first century competencies.
Removing Malachite Green and Leucomalachite Green From Freshwater and Seawater With Four Water Treatment Agents
Authors: Lin Yu-Ru , Hu Yeh-Fang , Huang Chih-Yang , Huang Huai-Ting , Liao Zhen-Hao , Lee An-Ting , Wu Yu-Sheng , Nan Fan-Hua
Published: June 2022

Malachite green (MG) residue in aquatic environments can adversely affect food chains. To solve this problem, many adsorbents have been developed to remove MG from aqueous solutions. These adsorbents exhibit benefits in different aspects such as low cost, nontoxicity, and environment friendliness. Zeolite, oyster shell powder (OSP), humic acid (HA), and Chloride dioxide (ClO2) are widely used agents for water purification, indicating their potential to remove MG from both freshwater and seawater. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was performed as a valid analytical method for measuring MG and its metabolite leucomalachite green (LMG). The analysis examined linearity, specificity, accuracy, precision, and limit of quantification. We found that three agents—zeolite, OSP, and HA—have high affinity for MG and LMG in both freshwater and seawater because of their physicochemical properties; ClO2 exhibited even greater efficiency for MG and LMG degradation due to its oxidation capacity. The MG removal efficiency of zeolite, OSP and HA in freshwater was 100%, 87.52%, and 100%, respectively. In the MG-containing seawater, the removal efficiency of zeolite, OSP and HA was 95.24%, 6.57%, and 89.36%, respectively. The LMG removal efficiency of zeolite, OSP and HA in freshwater was 100%, 53.56%, and 100%, while in seawater, the LMG removal efficiency of zeolite, OSP and HA was 100%, 62.70%, and 84.65%, respectively. ClO2 treatments in both freshwater and seawater expressed 100% removal efficiency. The adsorption capacity of three water agents in MG-containing freshwater decreased in the order: zeolite = HA > OSP; in MG-containing seawater: zeolite > HA > OSP. Whereas the adsorption capacity of three water agents in LMG-containing freshwater decreased in the order: zeolite = HA > OSP; in LMG-containing seawater: zeolite > HA > OSP. In this study, four water treatment agents are reported to remove MG and LMG from freshwater and seawater, indicating their potential for reducing the amount of hazardous MG and LMG residue in aquatic environments.
Skills Capacity Building For Health Care Services and Research Through the Sickle Pan African Research Consortium
Authors: Nnodu Obiageli Eunice , Osei-Akoto Alex , Nembaware Victoria , Kent Jill , Nwegbu Maxwell , Minja Irene , Mazandu Gaston Kuzamunu , Makani Julie , Wonkam Ambroise
Published: June 2022

Skills development, the building of human capacity, is key to any sustainable capacity building effort, however, such undertakings require adaptable and tailored strategies. The Sickle Pan-African Research Consortium (SPARCo) is building capacity in sickle cell disease (SCD) management and research in sub-Saharan Africa, including a multi-national SCD patient registry, this is underpinned by skills development activities in data, research, and SCD management.

Method: The SPARCo Skills Working Group was set up with the mandate of coordinating skills development activities across the three SPARCo sites in Ghana, Nigeria and Tanzania. To tailor activities to the requirements of the consortium, a needs assessment was conducted at the start of the project which identified skills required for SCD management and research and catalogued existing external and internal training programmes. The needs assessment highlighted differences in skill levels between the sites and different organisational structures which required tailored skills development activities at individual, site and consortium levels.

Strategy: Based on the needs and the resources available, different types of training activities were implemented: these included online, blended and face to face activities. In order to create a sustainable skills development programme, existing short, medium, long-term, on-job training activities were used wherever possible. World Sickle Cell Day (19th June) was leveraged for training and health education activities.

Results: SPARCo has recorded 1,726 participants in skills development activities across the three sites. Skills have been enhanced in data management, SCD and research to underpin the core deliverables of SPARCo.

Conclusion and Lessons Learned: The baseline needs assessments and continual review and adjustment were critical for development of an effective skill development strategy for the consortium. This adaptability was particularly valuable during the COVID-19 pandemic. The sustainability plan leveraged existing programmes and activities and has created a pool of people with required skills for health care and research in SCD. To be effective, skills development programmes need to take into account existing capacity, training opportunities and local conditions. The model was applied to SCD and is adaptable to other skills development in healthcare and research in low and middle- income countries.
The Effect of Acupuncture on Modulating Inflammatory Cytokines in Rodent Animal Models of Respiratory Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lee Serin , Kim Seung-Nam
Published: June 2022

Purpose

Although respiratory diseases (RD) are rapidly becoming a global health issue due to their high mortality and prevalence, there are limitations to the currently available treatments. Acupuncture has been recognized to mitigate many diseases by reducing inflammation and modulating cytokines. However, no systematic analysis has been performed to examine the effects of acupuncture on RD. We aimed to evaluate the effects of acupuncture on rodent animal models of RD.

Methods

PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and the Research Information Service System were searched to retrieve studies that met our inclusion/exclusion criteria. The quality of each included study was evaluated using a 10-item checklist modified from the Collaborative Approach to Meta-Analysis and Review of Animal Data from Experimental Studies. With adequate data extracted, meta-analysis was performed using RevMan software.

Results

A total of 18 studies were included, and the mean quality assessment was 5.7. The meta-analysis revealed that acupuncture had a significant effect on changing the cytokine levels, including pro-/anti-inflammatory, Th1-, Th2- and Th17- specific cytokines.

Conclusion

Although there were limitations in the number of included studies, the results suggest that acupuncture can be a possible treatment for RD through its modulation of various cytokines, leading to reduced inflammation.
Liver Fibrosis in Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome
Authors: Androutsakos Theodoros , Voulgaris Theodoros A. , Bakasis Athanasios-Dimitrios , Koutsompina Maria-Loukia , Chatzis Loukas , Argyropoulou Ourania D. , Pezoulas Vasilis , Fotiadis Dimitrios I. , Papatheodoridis George , Tzioufas Athanasios G. , Goules Andreas V.
Published: June 2022

Background

Primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS) is a systemic autoimmune epithelitis, potentially affecting salivary epithelium, biliary epithelium, and hepatocytes. Common immunological mechanisms might cause clinically silent liver inflammation, and combined with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), liver fibrosis (LF) may occur. No studies have explored the occurrence of LF in the context of NAFLD among pSS patients.

Methods

Consecutive pSS patients from the rheumatology outpatient clinic of the Department of Pathophysiology and individuals evaluated in the hepatology outpatient clinic for possible NAFLD serving as comparators underwent transient elastography (TE) to assess LF and liver steatosis (LS). All participants had no overt chronic liver disease. Clinical, demographic, and laboratory data were collected from all participants at the time of TE.

Results

Fifty-two pSS patients and 198 comparators were included in the study. The median age (range) of pSS and comparators was 62.5 (30–81) and 55 (19–86) years, respectively. Both groups had similar prevalence regarding type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and similar body mass index (BMI). Patients with pSS had less frequently high LS (S2, S3) (27% vs. 62%, p < 0.001) and significant LF (F2–4) [2 (3.8%) vs. 34 (17.2%), p = 0.014] than comparators. Univariable analysis showed that advanced LF was significantly associated with older age, higher LS, greater BMI, and disease status (comparators than pSS); of these, only age was identified as an independent LF risk factor in the multivariable logistic regression analysis.

Conclusion

Liver fibrosis among pSS patients is most likely not attributed to the disease per se.
Pharmacologic Inhibition of Histone Deacetylase 6 Prevents the Progression of Chlorhexidine Gluconate-Induced Peritoneal Fibrosis by Blockade of M2 Macrophage Polarization
Authors: Shi Yingfeng , Li Jinqing , Chen Hui , Hu Yan , Tang Lunxian , Zhou Xun , Tao Min , Lv Zexin , Chen Si , Qiu Andong , Liu Na
Published: June 2022

Peritoneal fibrosis contributes to ultrafiltration failure in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients and thus restricts the wide application of PD in clinic. Recently we have demonstrated that histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is critically implicated in high glucose peritoneal dialysis fluid (HG-PDF) induced peritoneal fibrosis, however, the precise mechanisms of HDAC6 in peritoneal fibrosis have not been elucidated. Here, we focused on the role and mechanisms of HDAC6 in chlorhexidine gluconate (CG) induced peritoneal fibrosis and discussed the mechanisms involved. We found Tubastatin A (TA), a selective inhibitor of HDAC6, significantly prevented the progression of peritoneal fibrosis, as characterized by reduction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and extracellular matrix (ECM) protein deposition. Inhibition of HDAC6 remarkably suppressed the expression of matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP2) and MMP-9. Administration of TA also increased the expression of acetylation Histone H3 and acetylation α-tubulin. Moreover, our results revealed that blockade of HDAC6 inhibited alternatively M2 macrophages polarization by suppressing the activation of TGF-β/Smad3, PI3K/AKT, and STAT3, STAT6 pathways. To give a better understanding of the mechanisms, we further established two cell injured models in Raw264.7 cells by using IL-4 and HG-PDF. Our in vitro experiments illustrated that both IL-4 and HG-PDF could induce M2 macrophage polarization, as demonstrated by upregulation of CD163 and Arginase-1. Inhibition of HDAC6 by TA significantly abrogated M2 macrophage polarization dose-dependently by suppressing TGF-β/Smad, IL4/STAT6, and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. Collectively, our study revealed that blockade of HDAC6 by TA could suppress the progression of CG-induced peritoneal fibrosis by blockade of M2 macrophage polarization. Thus, HDAC6 may be a promising target in peritoneal fibrosis treatment.
Intranasal Delivery of RIG-I Agonist Drives Pulmonary Myeloid Cell Activation in Mice
Authors: Nair Sajith , Wu Yilun , Nguyen Trinh Mai , Fink Katja , Luo Dahai , Ruedl Christiane
Published: June 2022

Viral respiratory infections cause substantial health and economic burden. There is a pressing demand for efficacious vaccination strategies and, therefore, a need for a better understanding of the mechanisms of action of novel potential adjuvants. Here we investigated the effect of a synthetic RIG-I agonist, the dsRNA hairpin 3p10LA9, on the activation of pulmonary myeloid cells. Analysis of early innate immune responses revealed that a single intranasal 3p10LA9 dose induces a transient pulmonary interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) and pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokine response, which leads to the maturation of three distinct dendritic cell subpopulations in the lungs. While lung resident dendritic cell decrease shortly after 3p10LA9 delivery, their numbers increase in the draining mediastinal lymph node, where they have migrated, maintaining their activated phenotype. At the same time, dsRNA hairpin-induced chemokines attract transiently infiltrating monocytes into the lungs, which causes a short temporary pulmonary inflammation. However, these monocytes are dispensable in controlling influenza infection since in CCR2 deficient mice, lacking these infiltrating cells, the virus load was similar to the wild type mice when infected with the influenza virus at a sublethal dose. In summary, our data suggest that intranasal delivery of dsRNA hairpins, used as a RIG-I targeting adjuvant, represents an attractive strategy to boost type I inteferon-mediated lung dendritic cell maturation, which supports viral reduction in the lungs during infection.
Cross-Reactivity of IgG Antibodies and Virus Neutralization in mRNA-Vaccinated People Against Wild-Type SARS-CoV-2 and the Five Most Common SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern
Authors: Schwarze Mandy , Krizsan Andor , Brakel Alexandra , Pohl Fabian , Volke Daniela , Hoffmann Ralf
Published: June 2022

The rapid development, approval, and production of vaccines against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in less than 1 year after the first reports of a new infectious disease was a real game changer, providing 80%–90% efficacy in preventing severe etiopathologies of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). These vaccines induce an immune response against the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein located on the surface of the virus particle. Antibodies (Abs) recognizing the S-protein can inhibit binding of the virus via the S-protein to the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptor expressed on different human cells, especially when these Abs bind to the interaction site, the so-called receptor-binding domain (RBD). We have expressed the RBDs of wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and five variants of concern (VOCs) to test the immune response in people before vaccination with mRNA vaccines BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 and after up to three vaccinations using in-house ELISA and inhibition assays. The methods of both assays are provided. Both vaccines initiated similarly high IgG titers after two vaccinations against the wild-type and even two VOC-RBDs (alpha and delta) and strongly inhibited the corresponding RBD-ACE-2 binding. The IgG titers and inhibition of ACE-2 binding were lower for beta and gamma RBDs and much lower for omicron RBD. The third vaccination after 6 months strongly increased both the IgG titers and the neutralizing effect against all variants, especially for omicron, leading to 63% ± 13% neutralization potential. Importantly, neutralization linearly increased with the IgG titers.
Process Evaluation of an Implementation Trial: Design, Rationale, and Early Lessons Learnt From an International Cluster Clinical Trial in Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Ouyang Menglu , Anderson Craig S. , Song Lili , Malavera Alejandra , Jan Stephen , Cheng Guojuan , Chu Honglin , Hu Xin , Ma Lu , Chen Xiaoying , You Chao , Liu Hueiming
Published: June 2022

Background

The third INTEnsive care bundle with blood pressure Reduction in Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage Trial (INTERACT3) is an ongoing, international, multicenter, stepped-wedge cluster, prospective, randomized, open, blinded endpoint assessed trial evaluating the effectiveness of a quality improvement “care bundle” for the management of patients with acute spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). An embedded process evaluation aims to explore the uptake and implementation of the intervention, and understand the context and stakeholder perspectives, for interpreting the trial outcomes.

Methodology

The design was informed by Normalization Process Theory and the UK Medical Research Council process evaluation guidance. Mixed methods are used to evaluate the implementation outcomes of fidelity, reach, dose, acceptability, appropriateness, adoption, sustainability, and relevant contextual factors and mechanisms affecting delivery of the care bundle. Semi-structured interviews and non-participant observations are conducted with the primary implementers (physicians and nurses) and patients/carers to explore how the care bundle was integrated into routine care. Focus group discussions are conducted with investigators and project operational staff to understand challenges and possible solutions in the organization of the trial. Data from observational records, surveys, routine monitoring data, field notes and case report forms, inform contextual factors, and adoption of the intervention. Purposive sampling of sites according to pre-specified criteria is used to achieve sample representativeness.

Discussion

Implementation outcomes, and relevant barriers and facilitators to integrating the care bundle into routine practice, will be reported after completion of the process evaluation. The embedded process evaluation will aid understanding of the causal mechanisms between care bundle elements and clinical outcomes within complex health systems across diverse LMIC settings.

Trial Registration

The INTERACT3 study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03209258).
Hepatitis C Prevalence, Incidence, and Treatment in Chinese Hemodialysis Patients: Results From the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study-China (2019–21)
Authors: Gan Liangying , Wang Dongyu , Bieber Brian , McCullough Keith , Jadoul Michel , Pisoni Ronald L. , Hou Fanfan , Liang Xinling , Ni Zhaohui , Chen Xiaonong , Chen Yuqing , Zuo Li
Published: June 2022

Background

Prior work from the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS) showed HCV prevalence in China in 2012–2015 being in the upper third and HCV incidence the 2nd highest among 15 different countries/regions investigated. The goal of the present investigation was to: (1) determine if HCV prevalence and incidence has changed, and (2) collect detailed data to understand how HCV is treated, monitored, and managed in Chinese HD facilities and non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) clinics.

Data and Methods

Detailed data for 1,700 randomly selected HD patients were reported by 39 randomly selected HD facilities from Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou participating in the DOPPS 7-China study from 2019 to 2021. The study site medical directors completed a survey regarding numerous aspects of HCV treatment and management in HD and ND-CKD patients.

Results

In this 2019 to 2021 cohort, HCV prevalence was 7.4%, which was lower than the 14.8 and 11.5% HCV prevalence for the 2009–2011 and 2012–2015 cohorts, respectively. HCV incidence of 1.2 cases per 100 pt-yrs also was lower compared to the incidence of 2.1 for the 2012–2015 cohort. Although the great majority of study site medical directors indicated that all or nearly HCV+ patients should be treated for their HCV, very few HCV+ patients have been treated presumably due to substantial cost barriers for affording the new direct acting antivirals (DAAs). The randomly selected facilities in our DOPPS 7-China study appear to have excellent programs in place for frequent monitoring of patients and staff for HCV, education of staff, and referral of HCV cases to external infectious disease, gastroenterology, and liver disease specialists. Liver biopsies were not commonly performed in HCV+ HD patients. HCV genotyping also was rarely performed in participating units.

Conclusions

Our study indicates a 50% decline in HCV prevalence and a >40% decline in HCV incidence in Chinese HD patients over the past 10–12 yrs. Chinese HD facilities and associated specialists appear to be well-equipped and organized for successfully treating and managing their HCV+ HD and CKD patients in order to achieve the WHO goal of eliminating HCV by 2030.
Economic Burden of Denatured Alcohol-Induced Burns: A 20-Year Retrospective Study
Authors: Venturi Michela , Bruzziches Francesco , Orlandi Catuscia , Altini Mattia , Rubegni Pietro , Melandri Davide
Published: June 2022

Burn care has rapidly improved over the past decades, but health innovations are expensive. We present the first study focusing on the economic burden of exclusive denatured alcohol-induced burns. The goal of this study was to determine costs for the public health system due to inpatients’ burn care because of these specific burns. Moreover, we aimed to observe the incidence of methylated spirit-related burns in the past 20 years. We performed an observational retrospective study in our burn unit including all patients with a denatured alcohol-related burn injury from 1 January 2001 to 31 December 2020. A total of 503 patients with a mean burn size of 24% were hospitalized; the mean annual total costs per patient was €43,879, varying from €31,518 to €63,274.00€; the total costs for denatured alcohol-related burns during the period 2001–2020 was €21,145,076. We noted an increasing incidence of denatured alcohol-related burns and related costs over the years, especially in the last decade. Our results highlight that burns by methylated spirits are still a real and expanding problem. Therefore, authorities should focus on sales rules, characteristics of the containers, and education of people who misuse denatured alcohol, based on historical habits of use. To reduce the socioeconomic costs of burns, future intervention strategies and studies from the dermatology community and burn specialists should focus on prevention programs and prompt wound healing to shorten the length of hospital stay, enable quick return to work, and improve the outcomes of patients with burns.
Case Report: Severe Hypernatremia From Ingestion of One's Own Urine
Authors: Kang Waye Hann , Kamaruddin N. A. , Sukor Norlela
Published: June 2022

An often unrecognized cause of hypernatremia is the ingestion of fluids or substances with high osmolality. We hereby report a case of severe hypernatremia with acute kidney injury in a severely debilitated patient with acute gouty arthritis who resorted to ingesting his own urine. Hypernatremia induced by drinking urine could be attributed to many underlying mechanisms, one of the important possible causes is the resultant high serum urea that leads to significant osmotic diuresis and a further increase in free water clearance. To the best of our knowledge this is the first case report that describes this unique cause of hypernatremia.
The Gut Mycobiome Characterization of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Its Association With Dietary Intervention
Authors: Wu Na , Mo Heng , Mu Qing , Liu Peng , Liu Guoli , Yu Weidong
Published: June 2022

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a high-risk pregnancy complication that is associated with metabolic disorder phenotypes, such as abnormal blood glucose and obesity. The active interface between gut microbiota and diet contributes to metabolic homeostasis in GDM. However, the contributions of gut mycobiome have been neglected. Here, we profiled the gut fungi between GDM and healthy subjects at two time points and investigate whether variations in gut mycobiome correlate with key features of host metabolism and diet management in this observational study. We identified that Hanseniaspora, Torulaspora, Auricularia, Alternaria, and Candida contributed to GDM patient clustering, indicating that these fungal taxa are associated with abnormal blood glucose levels, and the causality needs to be further explored. While Penicillium, Ganoderma, Fusarium, Chaetomium, and Heterobasidion had significant explanatory effects on healthy subject clustering. In addition, spearman analysis further indicated that blood glucose levels were negatively correlated with polysaccharide-producing genera, Ganoderma, which could be reshaped by the short-term diet. The Penicillium which was negatively correlates with metabolic parameters, also exhibited the antimicrobial attribute by the fungal-bacterial interaction analysis. These data suggest that host metabolic homeostasis in GDM may be influenced by variability in the mycobiome and could be reshaped by the diet intervention. This work reveals the potential significance of the gut mycobiome in health and has implications for the beneficial effects of diet intervention on host metabolic homeostasis through regulating gut fungal abundance and metabolites.
Assessment of Haloferax mediterranei Genome in Search of Copper-Molecular Machinery With Potential Applications for Bioremediation
Authors: Llorca Marina García , Martínez-Espinosa Rosa María
Published: June 2022

Heavy metals are essential micronutrients at low concentrations, serving as cofactors for relevant microbial enzymes (i.e., respiratory nitrate and nitrite reductases NADH dehydrogenase-2, amine oxidase, etc.), but they become harmful cellular intoxicants at significant low concentrations compared to other chemical compounds. The increasing need to incorporate bioremediation in the removal of heavy metals and other contaminants from wastewaters has led extremophiles to the spotlight of research. The haloarchaeon Haloferax mediterranei has promising physiological characteristics regarding bioremediation. However, little is known about how haloarchaea manage to resist high concentrations of heavy metals in the environment. The aim of this work is to develop bioinformatics research as the first step for further omics-based studies to shed light on copper metabolism in haloarchaea by analyzing H. mediterranei genome (strain ATCC 33500). To reach this aim, genome and protein databases have been consulted, and copper-related genes have been identified. BLAST analysis has been carried out to find similarities between copper resistance genes described from other microorganisms and H. mediterranei genes. Plausible copper importer genes, genes coding for siderophores, and copper exporters belonging to P1B-type ATPase group have been found apart from genes encoding copper chaperones, metal-responsive transcriptional regulators, and several proteins belonging to the cupredoxin superfamily: nitrite reductase, nitrous oxide reductases, cytochrome c oxidases, multicopper oxidases, and small blue copper proteins from the amicyanin/pseudoazurin families as halocyanins. As the presence of heavy metals causes oxidative stress, genes coding for proteins involved in antioxidant mechanisms have been also explored: thioredoxin, glutaredoxin, peroxiredoxin, catalase, and γ-glutamylcysteine as an analog of glutathione. Bioinformatic-based analysis of H. mediterranei genome has revealed a set of genes involved in copper metabolism that could be of interest for bioremediation purposes. The analysis of genes involved in antioxidative mechanisms against heavy metals makes it possible to infer the capability of H. mediterranei to synthesize inorganic polyphosphate granules against oxidative stress.
Fungal Endophthalmitis in a Case of Rhino-Orbito-Cerebral Mucormycosis: Successfully Treated With Amphotericin B Colloidal Dispersion
Authors: Zhao Yinlong , Tian Wenbin , Yang Jiankai , Li Xueqing , Lu Huaihai , Yu Ning , Zhang Pei , Liu Chao , Chen Pengfei , Lei Guang , Liu Ya
Published: June 2022

Background

Rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) is an acute, fulminant, opportunistic fungal infection that usually occurs in diabetes or immunocompromised patients. Amphotericin B combined with surgical debridement remains the standard treatment, although it is controversial due to its lager nephrotoxicity. Thus far, no studies have reported the treatment for ROCM-associated fungal endophthalmitis because the exact pathogenesis and transmission routes in ROCM remain unclear. Here, we reported a case of ROCM complicated with fungal endophthalmitis treated favorably with amphotericin B colloidal dispersion (ABCD) in combination with other antifungals and surgical debridement.

Case Presentation

A 34-year-old woman with diabetes was admitted to our hospital owing to right-sided headache for 8 days, blindness with swelling in the right eye for 5 days, and blindness in the left eye for 1 day. MRI showed that the patient had sphenoid sinus, sinuses, frontal lobe lesions, and proptosis of the right eye. Metagenomic sequencing revealed that the patient had Rhizopus oryzae infection. During hospitalization, the patient received intravenous ABCD, oral posaconazole, and topical amphotericin B and underwent surgical debridement. After 67 days of treatment, the patient’s condition was significantly improved, and limb muscle strength showed grade V. Rhizopus oryzae showed negative results, and conjunctival swelling decreased. Additionally, no nephrotoxicity occurred during treatment. After discharge, the patient’s treatment was transitioned to oral posaconazole and she was free of complaints during the 30-day follow-up without any additional treatment for ROCM.

Conclusion

Treatment with ABCD combined with other antifungal drugs and surgical debridement for ROCM complicated with fungal endophthalmitis showed remarkable efficacy and good safety. Hence, this regimen is a promising treatment strategy for this fatal disease.
Enhancement of Phosphorylation and Transport Activity of the Neuronal Glutamate Transporter Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 3 by C3bot and a 26mer C3bot Peptide
Authors: Piepgras Johannes , Rohrbeck Astrid , Just Ingo , Bittner Stefan , Ahnert-Hilger Gudrun , Höltje Markus
Published: June 2022

In primary murine hippocampal neurons we investigated the regulation of EAAT3-mediated glutamate transport by the Clostridium botulinum C3 transferase C3bot and a 26mer peptide derived from full length protein. Incubation with either enzyme-competent C3bot or enzyme-deficient C3bot156–181 peptide resulted in the upregulation of glutamate uptake by up to 22% compared to untreated cells. A similar enhancement of glutamate transport was also achieved by the classical phorbol-ester-mediated activation of protein kinase C subtypes. Yet comparable, effects elicited by C3 preparations seemed not to rely on PKCα, γ, ε, or ζ activation. Blocking of tyrosine phosphorylation by tyrosine kinase inhibitors prevented the observed effect mediated by C3bot and C3bot 26mer. By using biochemical and molecular biological assays we could rule out that the observed C3bot and C3bot 26mer-mediated effects solely resulted from enhanced transporter expression or translocation to the neuronal surface but was rather mediated by transporter phosphorylation at tyrosine residues that was found to be significantly enhanced following incubation with either full length protein or the 26mer C3 peptide.