bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ambient Seismic Noise Cross - correlation of Ambon Island and Surrounding Area, Eastern Indonesia: Preliminary Result
Authors: Rozi Kurniawan Muhammad Fachrul , Rosalia Shindy , Nugraha Andri Dian , Zulfakriza  , Sahara David P , Muhari Abdul , Nurdin Andi Azhar , Widiyantoro Sri , Puspito Nanang T , Priyono Awali , Lesmana Aditya , Ardianto  , Tuakia M Zain , Elly Erfin
Published: November 2021

The island of Ambon lies on complex tectonics, part of Banda Arc which is driven by the Australia – Eurasia collision. Historical earthquake data show that an earthquake resulting the greatest tsunami in Indonesia had occurred at Ambon Island. On 26 September 2019, Ambon was shaken by an M 6.5 earthquake at a depth of 10 km (BMKG). In this study, we use ambient noise data from 11 temporary stations deployed by ITB and 4 permanent stations owned BMKG which are recorded from October until December 2019. Here, we purely use the vertical component of seismogram to retrieve the Empirical Green’s Function of Rayleigh waves. Cross-correlations were obtained from the daily data series and stacked the day-by-day cross-correlation data into one inter-station cross-correlation. The Empirical Green’s Function is seen at the band period 1-15 s. As a part of our study, we analyze the Green’s Function with frequency-time analysis (FTAN) to get Rayleigh wave group velocity. The group velocity of Rayleigh waves varies from 1.04 km/s – 3.75 km/s. Low group velocity might be indicated the presence of sediment or volcanic deposits and high group velocity might be indicated metamorphic rocks. The result of this study might give a finer velocity model of the shallow crustal beneath Ambon Island and the surrounding area.
Preliminary Results: Probabilistic Non-Linear Method to Determine the Hypocenter Location in the Molucca Sea Collision Zone from BMKG Networks
Authors: Rachman Gazali , Santosa Bagus Jaya , Rohadi Supriyanto , Nugraha Andri Dian , Rosalia Shindy
Published: November 2021

Molucca Sea collision zone is a region which has very complex geology and tectonic setting, producing high seismicity and volcanoes activities. In this study, we have determined hypocenter location around the region using local & regional network of Agency of Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics, Indonesia (BMKG). We used 1,647 events that recorded by 32 seismic stations. We repicked the P-and S-phase manually and have been succesfully determined ~17,628 P and ~17,628 S arrival times. The P- and S-arrival times are used to determine the hypocenter location by applying NonLinLoc method which estimating the probability density function (PDF) using the oct-tree importance sampling algorithm. Our preliminary results show that the seismicity beneath the Molucca Sea collision zone forming a double subduction pattern which is dipping westward under the Sangihe Arc, reaching a depth of ~ 600 km and eastward under the Halmahera Arc, reaching a depth of ~ 250 km. The seismicity pattern under the Sangihe Arc deepens to the north and the deep earthquake events increase in number. The seismicity is related to the Molucca Sea Plate which is dipping into west and east direction beneath Sangihe-Halmahera Arc. To have a further understanding of the complex tectonic activity in this area, our future work will focus on conducting a seismic tomographic inversion to determine the 3D seismic velocities structure around the Molucca Sea collision zone.
Integration of sequence stratigraphy, rock physics and AI inversion to determine the prospective reservoir in the shelf environment of the Tarakan Basin, Indonesia
Authors: Irsyad M , Tampubolon B T , Sukmono S
Published: November 2021

The Tarakan Basin is one hydrocarbon basin in Indonesia with approximately 40 discoveries and more than 1000 MBOE reserves. This study discusses an approach to integrate the sequence stratigraphy, rock physics and acoustic impedance (AI) inversion analysis to determine the prospective reservoirs in the basin. PRG-1 well data is used in the sequence stratigraphy and rock physic analysis. The sequence stratigraphy analysis of PRG-1 shows that there are three system tracts: transgressive, low stand tract and high stand system tracts. The integration of sequence stratigraphy, rock physics and log data analysis show that the prospective reservoir interval in PRG-1 well is located at a depth of 4730-4780 feet. It is characterized by low gamma ray, low NPHI, low density and high resistivity. The prospective interval was deposited in early Pliocene as Tarakan Formation in the low stand system tract of shelf depositional environment. The AI map shows that the distribution of the prospective is around the PRG-1 and in the eastern part of the area.
Unexpected Shallow Earthquake of August 1st, 2020 in the North of Indramayu, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Murjaya Jaya , Supendi Pepen , Karnawati Dwikorita , Pramumijoyo Subagyo
Published: November 2021

During the last one hundred years, there are no shallow seismicity in the north of Java. This area is dominated by intermediate and deep focus earthquakes due to the subducted Indo-Australian slab. An earthquake with magnitude ML4.5 struck Indramayu, north of West Java on August 1, 2020. According to the Agency for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics (BMKG), the earthquake was felt III MMI scale in Indramayu and its vicinity. We used waveform data from BMKG seismic station in West Java, then we picked P-and S-waves arrival times from each station and hypocenter location was determined by Geiger method. We have detected Pn before Pg phase on four BMKG seismic stations, indicating a shallow crustal earthquake. Our inversion show that the earthquake occurred in 6.1805° S, 108.2612° E with 5 km focus depth at 16:24:38 GMT+7. Our focal mechanism solution was determined by using moment tensor inversion shows a strike-slip faulting, which corresponds to the active fault in the north of Indramayu.
Experimental Study of Flow Characteristics in A Rectangular Gravel Bed Channel
Authors: Tallar Robby Yussac , Ferninda Dea Teodora , Efferiki  , Anjar Suhendar Prabu Mandvi Hafiz , Purba Frankie Pandapotan
Published: November 2021

In an open channel flow, the characteristics of flow resistance are greatly affected by the roughness of the base and the walls of the channel. The existence of an object or other material, including gravel, also influenced the resistance of flow, therefore the purpose of this study is to examine the flow characteristics (flow velocity and flow resistance) in gravel open channel by using experimental study. A laboratory study to explore the effect of channel bed in terms of roughness of types of sediment on the hydraulics flow in 8 m length x 40 cm width a rectangular channel is presented. The study consists of an extensive set of rectangular flume experiments for flows with certain slope and sediment bed. The study was using the Before After Control Impact (BACI) method by set up five different scenarios. The results show that the lowest flow velocity (v=0.3041 m/sec) was occurred in the scenario 3 (50%sand and 50% gravel). Based on the Manning’ coefficient (n), it was also found that at the 100% discharge flow condition, the highest value of friction factor (f=0.0780) within 5 scenarios was scenario 3 with the sediment consisted of 50%sand and 50%gravel. Whereas the value of the lowest friction factor(f=0.0652) was scenario 1 with the sediment only gravel within. It concluded that the results gave the lower value of Manning’ coefficient (n) compared to the table of Manning’s coefficient (f= 0.04) for the channel with gravel base condition.
Gravity observation of field camp geophysics in Karangsambung using Data Acquisition 2005-2019
Authors: Wahyudi E J , Laesanpura A , Sukmayadi D
Published: November 2021

The study of field camp geophysics in Karangsambung has been done since 1996 until 2019 by geophysical engineering ITB. During the field activities, students was assigned with several data acquisition using various geophysical methods. One of the most common method to conducted alongside with surface geological mapping is gravity. Compilation of gravity data during the activities will be presented in this work. There are two categories of data compilation during 24 years: data compilation 1996-2004, and 2005-2019. The observation conducted using relative gravimeter with data distribution already cover geological surface map in the study area (Luk-Ulo Melange Complex, Karangsambung Formation, Totogan Formation, and Diabas Intrusion). The pattern of gravity observation shows correlated with topographic variation. Range gravity observation from this study is about 62 mGal.
Early Results of P Wave Regional Tomography Study at Sunda-Banda Arc using BMKG Seismic Network
Authors: Haq M S , Haolia  , Sulaiman M I , Madrinovella I , Satiawan S , Zaky D A , Suhardja S K , Ramdhan M , Priyono A , Widiyantoro S , Nugraha A M S
Published: November 2021

The plate movement, geological structure, magmatism, and seismic activity in the area of Bali to East Nusa Tenggara are mainly related with the subducting of Indo-Australian Plate underneath the Eurasian plate. The complexity is added with the recent collision of Australian continent lithosphere with the western Banda arc, along the islands of Flores, Sumba and Timor island. Our study area is known as the Sunda-Banda arc transition. With the aim of imaging subsurface structure, we perform seismic tomography inversion using regional events. We collected 5 years of earthquake data (January 2015 – December 2019) from the Indonesian Agency of Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics (BMKG). The output of our data processing is not limited to only P wave velocity model, but also relocated seismicity pattern in the region. In general, seismicity pattern shows dominant shallow events in the south that progressively shift into deeper events in the north down to a few 500 km, marking a dipping subduction zone in this region. A group of shallow events down to a depth of 50 km is also seen at the norther region that may relate to back-arc thrust activity. P wave tomogram model show a lower velocity perturbation at a depth of 30 km that could be associated with magmatic activity along the volcanic front line. Higher P wave perturbation model are spotted at two different zones, the first one is marking a dipping Indo-Australian plate down to depth of 400 km. We noticed that the angle of dipping is steeper in the Eastern part compared to the Western part. The second a relatively flat at shallow depth at the northern region from the island of Lombok to Nusa Tenggara Timur that may mark the back-arc thrust region
Study of Fluid Flow Movement by Using Self Potential Data
Authors: Jubaedah Neng E. , Parnadi Wahyudi W.
Published: November 2021

The Self-Potential (SP) method is passive method in geophysics which works based on the natural presence of an electric field on the surface due to anomalies below the surface. SP value on surface can be generated by fluid flow through rock pores or fractures. We study fluid flow movement in subsurface using the velocity value of fluid flow derived from SP values measured on surface. For that purpose, we carried out mathematical modelling, connecting the Helmholtz-Smoluchovsky’s electrokinetic potential gradient equation with Darcy’s law. The velocity of fluid flow depends on the intrinsic permeability of rocks, electrokinetic potential gradient and electrohydrolic conductivity constant. We tested derived velocity of fluid flow on the SP data from a pilot project test site. Study results show that fluid flow in vertical direction can be identified from SP data at locations where there are significant changes of positive and negative SP values. Fluid flows from a high SP value to a low SP value and this flow is opposite the positive SP gradient. The SP value at study site lie in the range -80mV to -160mV, whereas the value of the water flow velocity lie in the range 0.08 cm/s - 0.21 cm/s.
Comparison of Airborne Electromagnetic and Ground-based Resistivity Observations: Case Study Banda Aceh Basin
Authors: Irwandi I , Syafrizal  , Rifqan  , Naufal H. , Siemon B.
Published: November 2021

Airborne measurements are very useful to cover very large areas. Nine month after the Aceh Tsunami and Earthquake in 2004, BGR (Federal Institute for Geoscience and Natural Resources) conducted a fresh water supply exploration survey within a project called Helicopter Project Aceh (HELP ACEH). The helicopter-borne electromagnetic (HEM) device operates at five frequencies. The HEM can estimate the 1D resistivity models down to a depth of 150 m for the high electrical resistivity areas and 50 m for low electrical resistivity areas. In this paper, the airborne data of 2005 are compared with resistivity data acquired in Banda Aceh basin in 2018. The HEM output consists of 1D resistivity models derived by inversion of the processed data. These 1D resistivity models are compared with the 2D resistivity models derived from ground-based resistivity measurements. However, the 2D models on the ground are transformed into 1D resistivity models so it can be used for comparison. The transformation is conducted by averaging the resistivity values in the each layer, so every layer only has one resistivity value. Both methods are influenced by many factors. For example, resistivity on the ground is affected by local conditions. The airborne measurements are also influenced by objects that are at the surface of the ground. In some cases, the airborne resistivity models have some differences in absolute resistivity values, but they often have the same structural pattern compared with the ground-based resistivity models.
Institutional model for ecotourism development in the Gunung Pongkor post-mining area
Authors: Kusumoarto A , Gunawan A , Machfud  , Hikmat A
Published: November 2021

The Gunung Pongkor post-mining area has some resources potential for ecotourism destination. The development of area’s ecosystem in the Gunung Pongkor post-mining area needs to protect the ecosystem and prevent activities that do damage within the area. In this case, it is necessary to make institutional model for ecotourism development in the Gunung Pongkor post-mining area. The objectives of this study are 1) to identify the elements in the development structure variable; 2) to analyze objective variables, needs variables, constraint variables, and actor variables; 3) to create institutional model for ecotourism development in the Gunung Pongkor post-mining area. This study uses descriptive qualitative methods with Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) analysis. The elements analyzed are 1) the objectives to be achieved in the development of the ecotourism areas, 2) the needs in the development of the ecotourism areas, 3) the obstacles that need to be overcome, and 4) the actors who play a role in the development of the ecotourism areas. The key element of the goal for ecotourism development in the Gunung Pongkor post-mining area is to provide education to the local community about environmental management and culture. In the development process, a master plan and legality of the area as ecotourism are needed. Some of the main obstacles in the development of this area are the absence of a change in the status of a forest area to an ecotourism area and a lack of knowledge about the conservation of natural resources and the environment. The key actors needed in developing this area are Regional Planning, Research, and Development Agency of Bogor Regency Regional Government, Tourism and Culture Office of Bogor Regency Regional Government, Environmental Office of Bogor Regency Regional Government. The diversity of the existing potential is utilized to the fullest it resolves problem that occur in this area in achieving an ecotourism area based on landscape characters in the Gunung Pongkor post-mining through collaborative ecotourism development.
Waterbirds roosting on gas drilling platforms in Mahakam Delta, East Kalimantan: the Unexpected Impact of Landscape Transformation
Authors: Mardiastuti A , Mulyani Y A , Sutrisna T , Hidayat Y , Widodo A S , Agustin I A R , Santosa E
Published: November 2021

Since 2014 some offshore gas platforms operated by Pertamina Hulu Mahakam near Mahakam Delta has been used by hundreds of egrets as roosting sites, causing nuisance to the platform and hampering the duty of workers/operator. The objective of this paper was to analyse the situation of the waterbirds’ nuisance, analyse the possible causes, and provide some recommendations. Field visits were conducted in August 2019 and February 2020 to three unmanned platforms (Ax, D, C) that suffered the most from the bird roost. Birds that infested the platforms were identified as great egret and intermediate egret, both are very similar in appearance and ecological requirements. The maximum number of egrets visiting C-Platform (the worst platforms) was 671 birds. These birds roost at night in the platform and leave the platform in the morning to forage for fish, eel, and shrimps in the wetlands of Mahakam Delta, about 2-4 km from the platform. The root cause of the infestation was believed to be the landscape transformation in the Mahakam Delta. Mangrove forest has been diminished and heavily converted into shrimp-ponds. The egrets’ foraging areas became ubiquitous, while the roosting/nesting site greatly decreased, forcing the egrets to roost on gas platforms. In the short-medium term, platforms need to be managed as bird tolerated-zone and bird-free zone (using deterrent), while in the long term, land-use in Delta Mahakam need to be restored.
Developing green tourism to create the sustainable landscape: evidence from Community-based Coffee Tourism (CbCT) in Puncak, Bogor, Indonesia
Authors: Prihayati Y , Veriasa T O
Published: November 2021

Indonesia went through 3.5% growth in 2019, over the last five years in the travel and tourism sector, while the global economy increased by 2.5%. Currently, this condition encourages the creation of new jobs. Surprisingly, nowadays, there is increasing awareness of people contributing to the triple bottom line of sustainable development through initiating green tourism. Community-based Coffee Tourism (CbCT) has been running in the Puncak area for about five past years as green tourism has drawn people to come. Over time there are some significant changes in an area relating to several aspects of the three bottom line of sustainability. Through this study, we are going to 1) identify the impact of green tourism on the environment/landscape through the ecological approaches using the Social Ecological System (SES) framework and 2) to identify the contribution green tourism to the local economy using the Basic Income analysis and Benefit and Cost analysis methods. Based on the SES framework, the results show that there are some aspects from the SES framework that will be effective in the context of the case study, if there is a combination between the conservation activities and economics, which gives a direct impact on the local income. This study indicated that green tourism through CbCT has contributed to the increasing individual community income from 13.19% or IDR 2,375,000/year/person to 76% or IDR 13,680,000/year/person. Based on B/C ratio analysis, it shows that green tourism is financially reliable to be developed at 5% and 10% of growth level, even at zero growth of the business. Hence, CbCT should be continuously developed as green tourism practices that contribute significantly to the community’s income and ecological improvement to support a sustainable landscape management strategy.
Re-designing of the bottleneck on Suryanata Street Samarinda City East Kalimantan
Authors: Raharjo E P , Rahayu A M , Hartini V O
Published: November 2021

Some indicators of traffic problems like congestion, pollution and accident become the benchmark to evaluate the infrastructure performance. One kind of problem that often happened are the Bottleneck problems. In this kind of condition, the capacity of one side of the road is lower than before condition. On the other hand, in the process of landscape design of bottleneck deciding only by the availability of the space and those kinds of condition are not getting research by some specialist. The purpose of this research is to analyze the design parameter to enhance the capacity so case we can decreasing the number of congestion in a significant way. This research has taken place in Suryanata Street, Samarinda City. This research uses the model of Greenshield Linear, Greenberg Logarithmic, and Exponential Underwood to state the relationship between the performance of Traffic, Volume, Speed, and Density so we can decide the best model to analyze the shock wave that is using to design the parameter that effecting the design of bottleneck road area. Meanwhile, the pollution that can identify it consist of: CO (in the part of Per Million / PMM), NOX (calculate in Cubic meter / M3) and level of smoke (calculate in Cubic Meter / M3) with using the model of Hobbs (1979). Re-designing will be implemented to get the optimal performance infrastructure in the research location, and evaluate those kinds of terms. The result of the research got three design parameters in the Bottleneck area. There are track width, length of the road, and traffic volume. From the result analysis, the researcher is doing the Re-designing in the bottleneck area of the research location by using the parameter performance of congestion, specifically on delayed and pollution, like CO, NOX and level of smoke. Based on the re-designing, we can be decreasing the delay in the amount of 29.31% decreasing the number of NOX by 25.03% on CO we can be decreasing in the amount of 14.88% and also decreasing the level of smoke by 11.94%.
Analysis of ecological and visual quality impact on urban community activities in Bogor City
Authors: Anwar S , Kaswanto R L
Published: November 2021

Bogor City’s implication as a satellite city is directly related to carrying capacity and its influence on environmental quality, specifically ecological and visual quality. Urban communities naturally tend to properly utilize open space in their daily activities, such as in urban park along Ciliwung River riparian. Psychologically, the individual’s environmental situation has more role in influencing a person’s actions than the individual’s characteristics. Therefore, as a socio-cultural function, public space can reflect people’s lives in the city. This study analyses the ecological and visual quality impact on park visitors’ activity in Bogor City to determine that environmental factors can influence community activities. Sempur Park has the highest visual quality value according to respondents’ perceptions. This result is the same as the result of ecological quality that places Sempur Park as the highest diversity index. The high value for these two qualities is in line with the increased activity carried out in the park, which is 41 activities. As a result, the connection between ecological and visual quality shows a strong and positive correlation with the urban park’s amount of activity. This study’s output is recommendations for managing the urban park landscape to increase the level of activities by improving the urban park’s visual and ecological quality.
Local community’s role in tourism development
Authors: Andreyanova E L
Published: November 2021

The transformation of rural economy is most acute at the local level among the native population. The goal of the article is to define possibilities for participation of local community in development of rural tourism. When applying the participatory approach, the following conclusions can be drawn: 1) when local communities are not actively involved in the development of rural areas and tourism within the local borders, it is almost impossible to speak of any promotion; 2) rural tourism is attractive to the local community, but its ability actively participate in its development is limited by objective and subjective reasons; 3) emphasis on the benefits of rural tourism for the consumers and producers can lead to increased employment and profits for the local community. The assessment of the local community’s capacity to develop rural tourism is a crucial point in its promotion. This in turn leads to further research into the experience of integrating rural tourism into local communities. The results of the article may help in the development of concept papers on rural tourism development and may be useful in some tourism projects.
Transport corridors as a factor of urbanization processes in the regions of Russia within the framework of the new Great Tea Route
Authors: Yu Loseva A , Sanzheev E D
Published: November 2021

The article considers the development of urbanization in the regions of Russia through the formation of transport corridors. The authors analysed the urbanization processes and their features in three regions of Russia: Trans-Baikal Territory, the Republic of Buryatia, and the Irkutsk region. Transport corridors will continue to develop within the framework of the regional policy of Russia and China. The authors also evaluated the foreign economic activity with Mongolia and China. The study highlights the key role of regional centres in the development of foreign economic cooperation. The evolution of urbanization processes in these regions requires the creation of a regulatory complex, which will allow streamlining these processes. It is necessary to use the opportunities for further development of regional cities through the formation of international transport corridors.
Water use in border regions of Russia and Mongolia: Environmental and economic aspects
Authors: Ts-D Zhamyanov D , Doinikova E E , Banzaraktcaev Z E
Published: November 2021

In this article we analysed the characteristics of water use in the border areas of Russia and Mongolia. Data on water use in these border areas are presented. The features of ecological and economic situation from water use were considered, which show how water resources are underestimated.
Tyva: A Peripheral Fate? (a historical and geographical sketch of the formation of the population of the Tyva Republic – from the Huns to its voluntary incorporation into the RSFSR in 1944)
Authors: Mandyt M K-O , Gonchikov Ts D , Gomboev B O , Bolkhosoeva E B , Urbanova Ch B , Kovaleva N M
Published: November 2021

The historical roots and geographical features of the population’ formation in the Tyva Republic during the period from the Hunnu domination to the voluntary incorporation of Tyva into the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic (RSFSR) in 1944 have been studied. The formation of the population occurred in conditions of peripherality of the considered object in relation to the state entities, which it was a part of or was under their influence in different periods of its development. The formation of the Tuvan ethnos was completed during the period when the Tyva tribes were part of Manchurian China in the late 18th-19th centuries. An important factor in this process was the establishment of an administrative division based not on clan but on a territorial principle. The economic and geographical position of the region, as one of the determinants of the socio-economic development of Tyva and the further formation of its population, was and still is unfavourable, which predetermines the search for foundations for the spatial development of the republic.
Nizhneleninskoye-Tongjiang international railway bridge: transit functions in the cross-border area
Authors: Komarova T M , Kalinina I V , Fetisov D M , Solovchenkov S A
Published: November 2021

Strengthening interaction in a cross-border area corresponds to the presence of linear infrastructure connecting border areas of neighbouring states. One of the projects, which has been implemented since 2008 in the Russian Far East to connect the Russian and Chinese parts of the Amur area (Priamurie), is the Nizhneleninskoye (Jewish Autonomous Oblast) – Tongjiang (Heilongjiang Province) railway bridge construction. The first combined data on the ongoing changes in the transport infrastructure, the potential trade and industrial development and interaction of border areas near the constructing railway bridge are presented in the paper. It was revealed that the key project result at present is the development of transport and logistics infrastructure that provides a connection between the industrial bases of the Northern China and the Russian Far East and Eastern Siberia. The possibilities of developing an industrial cluster in the bridge sites of the two countries are still being discussed.
Aufeis in the mountainous areas of the northwestern part of the Selenga River basin
Authors: Chernykh V N , Sodnomov B V , Ayurzhanaev A A , Tsydypov B Z , Dabaeva D B , Suprunenko A G
Published: November 2021

The article presents the results of research on aufeis (icings) in the area where their concentration is maximal for the Selenga River basin. Landsat and Sentinel satellite imagery data were used to map the current location of aufeis in the valleys of permanent watercourses of the transboundary Dzhida River basin. It was found out that up to 3.5 thousand small aufeis with the area from 0.005 to 1 km2 are formed in small watersheds of the territory. The total area of aufeis within the considered territory can reach up to 92.1 km2, the aufeis coverage is 0.45%. It is revealed that in the total amount, small aufeis prevail, the area of which lies within 0.01 to 0.1 km2. In addition, ecosystem and economic aspects of the processes of ice formation on the territory of Russia and neighbouring Mongolia are considered.
Aesthetic resources of the central ecological zone of the Baikal natural territory (within the borders of the Irkutsk region)
Authors: Bibaeva A Y
Published: November 2021

The research considers the results of the aesthetic assessment of landscapes in the central ecological zone of the Baikal natural territory (CEZ BNT). The expert assessment based on a set of indicators was carried out in Quantum GIS using landscape photographs. Cartographic materials (landscape typological map, Forest Resource Management maps, SRTM, areas affected by fire, etc.) were also involved in the assessment. The map «Aesthetic Evaluation of the Geosystems of the Central Ecological zone of Lake Baikal within the Borders of the Irkutsk Region» was created based on the analysis of the estimated indicators of the aesthetic landscape quality. The construction of the map is based on the principle of the priority of landscape scene viewpoints; the assessment is assigned to the polygon from which the landscape scene is observed. The article contains the detailed structure of the landscape scene complexes of the CEZ BNT.
The bottled drinking water market in China: features of sustainable development
Authors: Zhelaeva S E , Khamaganova T K , Sharaldaev B B , Ts Garmaeva E , Hunkai Yu , Burtonova G B , Shapkhaev B S
Published: November 2021

This article briefly presents the results of a market research study of the bottled drinking water market in China. The purpose of this study is to describe the overall situation in the Chinese bottled drinking water market, identify sustainable growth and expansion trends, as well as potential opportunities for export of Baikal drinking water through the introduction of domestic (regional) business to the Chinese market. The results of the study can be used to guide foreign business activities in the bottled drinking market and to make effective management decisions.
The impact of the mining enterprises in Buryatia (Russia) on the environment
Authors: Dmitrieva N G
Published: November 2021

At present, there is a huge amount of industrial waste accumulated in Russia, polluting the environment and covering large areas. The greatest impact on the environment comes from open-pit or quarry mining. Mining activities result in huge quantities of rock being brought to the surface and hence produce significant amounts of waste is generated, which has a negative impact on the natural environment. This is also typical for the Republic of Buryatia, where one of the main environmental problems is the formation of waste from both operating and shutdown mining enterprises. In this article we have analysed consequences of mining on natural environment using examples of operating and shut-down mining enterprises in Buryatia. We also gave typical examples of mining enterprises that have the strongest impact on the ecological condition of the territory.
Problems of tourism infrastructure development (on the example of Olkhon Island)
Authors: Kuklina M , Trufanov A , Gurevskaya A , Krasnoshtanova N , Kobylkin D
Published: November 2021

In this article we consider the main problems associated with the anthropogenic load and underdeveloped tourist infrastructure on Olkhon Island. Large numbers of tourists arrive on the island uncontrollably, complicating the operation of transport infrastructure and putting pressure on the landscape. In this regard, there is a need to develop a way to control the tourist flow. Olkhon Island is a protected area, the natural resources of which are protected by many laws and restrictions. At the same time, restricting tourist entry is not possible due to the fact that tourism is the main way for many residents to earn money. In this article, a comprehensive analysis of the current state of the tourist infrastructure on Olkhon Island is made, the main problems are identified, and promising approaches and possible solutions are outlined. We considered the main methods for registering tourists, which are used both in the Russian Federation and in tourist centres in many countries. It was proposed to create an electronic resource that will not only provide up-to-date information about Baikal, Olkhon Island and tourist services, but also allow electronic registration of tourists in this area.
Microbiological indicators for assessing the ecological status of freshwater lakes in Buryatia
Authors: Zaitseva S V , Dagurova O P , Kozyreva L P
Published: November 2021

Possible complex approaches for assessing the condition of freshwater lakes using data on microbial diversity, obtained by high-throughput sequencing, were considered. The structural features of microbial communities, associated with increased anthropogenic impact, have been revealed. We identified some microbial taxa, which can be considered as indicators of the environmental status of freshwater bodies.
Research and Practice of Big Data Technology in Energy System
Authors: Ye Zhihui , Qian Jie , Wang Wenjuan , Shi Dingke , Chen Lifeng
Published: November 2021

The characteristics of the massive data is inspected which is accumulated by the energy management system of industrial enterprises during the production process. They are real-time, massive, non-linear, and even unstructured, meanwhile some implicit correlation are hidden between them. These correlations have not yet been fully learned and unearthed. Here big data technology is proposed to improve the availability of energy data for the energy saving and consumption reduction. The general pattern of big data application is proposed in energy management systems. On this basis, some algorithms are applied to the actual management process, including parameter prediction, status monitoring, operation optimization and performance evaluation. Finally, two practical examples of the constructed model are presented including compressed air prediction and Operation prediction of air-conditioning system. The results show that big data technology can improve the efficiency of data acquisition, expand data applications, and exert greater data value.
Study of Novel High-Density Modules with Negative Space between Solar Cells
Authors: Zhuang Hao , Jiang Yashuai , Wu Jing , Bai Xueliang , Gao Ronggang , Huang Guoping , Li Jingnan , Shen Honglie
Published: November 2021

High-density crystalline silicon modules have recently invoked large interest in PV industry due to its higher efficiency. However, high-density stacking of cells in this kind of module may have additional reliability problem, which might cause higher power loss during outdoor operation. Modules based on half-cut cells have been widely studied due to their higher power output compared with modules based on full cells. When a cell is half cut, its current level is half reduced. When it is 1/3 cut, its current level is decreased by 2/3. However, high-density modules based on 1/3-cut cells have rarely been studied. Therefore, in this work, damp heat (DH), thermal cycle (TC), UV irradiation and humidity freezing (HF) test were utilized to study the power degradation performance of these high-density modules fabricated with 1/3 cut cells. The obtained results show that these novel high-density modules with negative space between 1/3 cut cells have good reliability in various environmental conditions.
Water Balance Test, Analysis and Application of the Wet Cooling Tower
Authors: Song Yu , Wu Guangzhong , Song Baohong
Published: November 2021

This study aims to conduct a water loss test and analysis of water used in wet cooling towers. The measuring tools and methods of the liquid level in the collecting basin are clearly guided by establishing the water balance equation. The U-type liquidometer measuring system is used to measure the liquid level of specific open container with a large surface area. The minimum resolution of the U-type liquidometer is 1 mm. The collecting basin area is 375 m2, and the detected water volume is 0.375 m3 mm-1 liquid level. The measurement error caused by water surface fluctuation is overcame. The accuracy of the liquid level data is further improved. Under the water balance test condition, the water loss at the outlet of tower is between 26.25 m3 h-1 and 49.36 m3 h-1, and the loss of exceeding standard is 22.62 m3. This work determined the water balance condition of the wet cooling tower equipment and conducted a detailed analysis of water loss and the water conservation of the wet tower. Moreover, this study promote equipment manufacturing related to the mechanical draft cooling tower industry to the direction of water conservation, energy conservation and environmental protection to provide support. This approach is also widely used in the other air and water systems direct mixing heat transfer equipment.
Corridor Intelligent Lighting System Design
Authors: Zhang Xuhao , Ma Yan , Zhang Yuetong
Published: November 2021

Although there are many sources of electric energy, there are various waste phenomena in various occasions, especially the waste of electric energy in building corridors is often ignored. This paper introduces a corridor intelligent light system, which includes several sensors, the gateway, core controller and cloud platform. The system can effectively save energy and has intelligent lighting control such as automatic induction of people, automatic switching of corresponding upper and lower floor lights, etc.
Dynamic Design of the Test Bench of Electric Vehicle Motor
Authors: Li Huibin , Xu Peiyun , Cao Cheng , Hu Dongmei , Yan Xiaojun , Song Zhihuan
Published: November 2021

In order to avoid the resonance of the bench and the laboratory floor, it is necessary to carry out vibration analysis and dynamic design on the motor test bench. Firstly, the lightweight target and the constraint conditions related to the rigid body modal frequency and elastic modal frequency of the platform are set, and the structure of the platform is optimized. Then, the three-dimensional model of the whole bench is built and the finite element is meshed to carry out modal analysis. The optimized modal analysis results show that the natural frequencies of the designed bench will not be excited by various vibration excitation forces at the set speed of motor test, the vibration isolation rate of the lower bracket reaches more than 52% (except that the vibration isolation rate of the lower bracket is 36.30% at 1000 rpm), which effectively eliminates the resonance problem between the bench and foundation during motor NVH test, and the normal performance of motor and NVH test can be effectively ensured.
High Efficiency Drilling Control Technology for Shale Oil in Jiyang Depression
Authors: Liu Xiaolan , Zheng Yong , Ma Yongqian
Published: November 2021

According to the geological characteristics of shale oil in Jiyang depression, the formation mechanics test was carried out to study the influence of well deviation orientation on wellbore stability, thus the high-efficiency drilling control method was put forward. The above research results were applied in the test wells, and the purpose of high-efficiency drilling was realized.
Reduction of tar from biomass gasification using a dielectric barrier discharge reactor
Authors: Lim M , Alimuddin Z
Published: November 2021

A non-thermal plasma reactor was used to investigate its effectiveness in reducing the by-products from biomass gasification. Biomass is used for generating heat and power through gasification, which is a process of converting solid fuel to gaseous fuel at temperatures of 700 to 900 °C by operating a reactor in sub-stoichiometric conditions. This gas mixture can be utilized for liquid fuel synthesis or for fuel cells. However, the by-product of gasification consists of tar, which consists of oxygenates, ringed-aromatics, phenolic compounds, and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Depending on the composition, the condensation temperature can be as high as 450 °C, fouling downstream equipment. In this study, a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor with a coil as the inner electrode was used to reduce toluene, a model tar compound. Toluene was injected into a mixing chamber that was heated to 900 °C, evaporating the toluene, and is entrained by nitrogen into the DBD reactor. High voltage is injected into the DBD reactor to initiate ionization, decomposing the toluene into lighter hydrocarbons. A sampling bottle submerged in an ice bath collects the residual toluene, and the resulting decomposition rate is as high as 70%.
Prediction of solvation properties of low transition temperature mixtures (LTTMs) using COSMO-RS and NMR approach
Authors: Yusuf N R , Yusup S , Yiin C L , Ratri P J , Halim A A , Razak N A
Published: November 2021

The concept of sustainable and green solvent has always highlighted in the field of energy and environmental science. The synthesis and application of natural-based Low Transition Temperature Mixture (LTTM) as a novel and green solvent for the lignocellulose biomass pre-treatment such as delignification of Oil-Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) have been greatly emphasized. In this present work, the investigation of LTTM efficiency as green solvent in delignification process was conducted using both theoretical and experimental studies. Initially, screening of solvation properties of different types of hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and predicted hydrogen bond donor (HBD) for synthesis of LTTMs was conducted using conductor-like screening model (COSMO-RS) software and formation of hydrogen bonding was evidenced using NMR spectroscopy analysis. Three types of HBA namely sucrose, choline chloride and monosodium glutamate were mixed with malic acids as HBD and their charge density distribution on the surface was determined through sigma profile (σ). The COSMO-RS results determined the σ profile of pure component malic acid to be 11.42, sucrose to be 25.37 and the total value of σ profile for mixtures is 14.19 as the best combination of LTTM composition compared to LTTM from choline chloride and monosodium glutamate (MSG). The reliability of the COSMO-RS predictions data was correlated with Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis through determination of peaks with chemical shifts hydrogen bonding that suggested existence of potential interaction between malic acids and sucrose has occurred.
Inter-entities symbiotic relationships with the use of multi-period methodology in energy planning
Authors: Kong K G H , Lo S L Y , How B S , Leong W D , Sunarso J
Published: November 2021

The deficiency of natural resources and serious climate change have driven the global community to optimize energy planning using various process integration approaches. The inter-entities energy planning that allows internal sharing of resources poses a great potential to enhance energy planning. It is believed that the effective management of such relationships is crucial to gaining collaborative synergies, which provide economic benefits and minimize environmental impact. The developed inter-collaborated energy sharing model gives a handy lens to evaluate the effectiveness of the suggested inter-entities collaboration and how it provides economic benefits for the involved “players”. To demonstrate the economic viability of the inter-entities’ energy planning, an energy sharing model is developed and applied to an illustrative case study that involved two entities. The results show that, when energy sharing is enabled, the involved entities can reduce their monthly electricity bill by 16.72 % (MYR 14940.73) for entity 1 and 14.29 % (MYR 14218.50) for entity 2, with a 20 % carbon emission constraint limit.
Studies on the modification of fly ash structure with alkaline pre-treatment as a green composite flame retardant filler
Authors: Radzi N A M , Sofian A H , Jamari S S
Published: November 2021

A green composite made up of renewable and recyclable materials has become one of the advanced material’s attractive topics. The smooth fly ash surface used in the green composite for flame retardancy enhancement are hard to bind with hydrophobic polymer. Thus, the surface modification of this filler is needed to increase its surface roughness and pore size to be more compatible with its polymer matrix. In this research study, the alkaline pre-treatment of fly ash has been performed by using sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH) with various concentrations (5 w/w%, 10 w/w%, 15 w/w%, 20 w/w%). For pore size and morphological of the filler’s evaluation, few analyses such as Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX), Barret-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) pore size and volume analysis were conducted. Treated fly ash with 20 w/w% sodium hydroxide concentration gives the better morphological structure in terms of pore diameter, volume, area and high composition of aluminium, silicon with lower calcium and sulphur contents compared to others. Hence, the potential of the physiochemical properties of the green composite produced by using this modified filler will be improved as the adhesiveness of the filler with its matrix increased.
Modified kinetic models for Cr (VI) adsorption in polymer inclusion membranes
Authors: Amador A , Canaria R V , Santos N , Gomez M
Published: November 2021

Hexavalent chromium is a highly toxic environmental inorganic pollutant. To eliminate toxic Cr (VI) ions in natural waters, polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) have been developed for highly selective metal ion transport applications. The investigation of the effectiveness of Cr (VI) recovery in aqueous solutions using PIMs with varying amounts of plasticizer was studied. The pseudo-first order (PFO) kinetic model was modified to describe the amount of Cr (VI) ions that have accumulated onto the PIMs at a specific time and to evaluate the performance of the PIMs. A quantitative analysis of the modified PFO a model based on their non-linear representation and using the coefficient of determination indicates that the adsorptive properties of the PIMs are best described by the modified non-linear pseudo-first-order kinetic model (R2 > 0.9748), suggesting that the sorption process is physisorption. To show the applicability of the modified model to other transport studies, modified PFO was fitted into the experimental data that studies the transport of Zn (II) ions onto PIM (R2 > 0.95).