bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementing new digital options in education/ occupational/ play/ art therapy as tools for self-knowledge, self-managements, self-esteem
Authors: Emilia C.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The purpose of art in art-therfic version of the “Regu the already acquired knowledge upon the artistic material, but a discovery of the yet unknown. “Multimedia technology, which has evolved into meaningful visual representations, incorporates the science behind human perception and knowledge…Contemporary visual arts bring together, in different degrees of relationship and fusion, fields of art that until now were understood and practiced more individually. The most suitable territory for this partnership is that of the physical and metaphysical environment, provided by the installationist and shareholder arts.” [1].

Objectives

Art-based therapies, as nondirective methods, attempt to visualize past traumatic experiences and harmonize the individual with himself and with others.

Methods

In the preventive activities we include all activities involving nonverbal communication and holistic engagement. ”Beneficiaries can create their own images with which they want to interact, to arrange their environment…We experiment with art-specific ways to make interdisciplinary exchanges and cultural interferences using the universal language of visual arts along with intercultural elements and religious ecumenism … Sometimes, common themes with schools and higher education are addressed as an extra-curricular complement. Benefits are multiple, diverse and complex, appear on the paths that offer inter/pluri/transcultural learning opportunities and exchange of knowledge, making space and time connections between different cultures. [2]

Results

The creative process and the interaction increases self esteem, courage, taking of risks, the learning of new skills.

Conclusions

New ideas, conceptions and ways of expression emerge, enriching the patient’s life according with the therapeutic purposes. [3].

Disclosure

REFERENCES [1]. Drăgan-Chirilă, Diana.(24-26.05 2018), Associate Professor Ph.D., University of Art and Design, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, visual artist, Coordinator of the multimedia installation “Diagnostique” new media and
Implementing new digital options in education/ occupational/ play/ art therapy as tools for self-knowledge, self-managements, self-esteem
Authors: Emilia C.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The purpose of art in art-therapy, in this context, is not an exercise of the already acquired knowledge upon the artistic material, but a discovery of the yet unknown. “Multimedia technology, which has evolved into meaningful visual representations, incorporates the science behind human perception and knowledge…Contemporary visual arts bring together, in different degrees of relationship and fusion, fields of art that until now were understood and practiced more individually. The most suitable territory for this partnership is that of the physical and metaphysical environment, provided by the installationist and shareholder arts.” [1].

Objectives

Art-based therapies, as nondirective methods, attempt to visualize past traumatic experiences and harmonize the individual with himself and with others.

Methods

In the preventive activities we include all activities involving nonverbal communication and holistic engagement. ”Beneficiaries can create their own images with which they want to interact, to arrange their environment…We experiment with art-specific ways to make interdisciplinary exchanges and cultural interferences using the universal language of visual arts along with intercultural elements and religious ecumenism … Sometimes, common themes with schools and higher education are addressed as an extra-curricular complement. Benefits are multiple, diverse and complex, appear on the paths that offer inter/pluri/transcultural learning opportunities and exchange of knowledge, making space and time connections between different cultures. [2]

Results

The creative process and the interaction increases self esteem, courage, taking of risks, the learning of new skills.

Conclusions

New ideas, conceptions and ways of expression emerge, enriching the patient’s life according with the therapeutic purposes. [3].

Disclosure

REFERENCES [1] Chirila, Emilia (2011), PhD Thesis, Educaţie artistică şi art-terapie cu mijloace specifice ceramicii [Artistic Education and Art-therapy within the Specific Means of Ceramics], University of Art and Design, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, p. 390
Social media content analysis on twitter to explore public perceptions regarding pathological social withdrawal (hikikomori)
Authors: Pereira-Sanchez V. , Alvarez-Mon M.
Published: February 2022

Hikikomori is a form of severe social withdrawal, initially described in Japan and recently reported in other countries around the world. Individuals with hikikomori shut themselves in their homes with minimal interaction with society and little participation in school or the workforce. The nature of hikikomori makes the individuals suffering it a hard-to-reach population. While hikikomori was described in Japan much before the ‘digital revolution’ of the 2000s, the internet, social media, and online gaming have radically changed the way people interact. This may be particularly true among hikikomori who spend much time online for entertainment or social interaction. Given this, the online world has been proposed as an accessible gateway to reach and support individuals with hikikomori. This talk will present and discuss the results of the Twitter-hikikomori international studies, conducted between 2018-2020 and led by Dr. Pereira-Sanchez, which employed social media mixed quantitative-method analyses to characterize the public conversations related to hikikomori on the social media platform Twitter in several Western languages and Japanese. As for the results, Twitter data provided evidence that hikikomori extends well beyond Japan examining, and showed that tweets in Japanese are more often are related to personal anecdotes, whereas tweets in Western languages are more often related to hikikomori as a medical issue. Apart from the results of the content analyses studies have been a proof of concept on the use of social media contents to investigate a phenomenon affecting a hard-to-reach population, which may inspire future online-based efforts to better support these populations.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Negative impact of family religious and spiritual beliefs in schizophrenia – a 2 year follow-up case
Authors: Mauricio J. , Albuquerque M.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

For individuals with mental disorders and their families, religion and spirituality may have a significant influence over how these conditions are understood, managed and treated. Family can act as a moderator in which psychotic patients interpret and explain internalized events. However, they can have a negative impact when discouraging diagnosis and treatment adherence.

Objectives

Explore the impact of family religious and spiritual beliefs on clinical outcomes among a schizophrenic patient. Investigate the psychiatrist’s role in addressing barriers to treatment adherence.

Methods

Data retrieved from clinical interview. Subsequent non-systematic review of the most relevant literature on the topic.

Results

We report a case of a 30-year-old single catholic woman, living with her parents. She had a past history of psychotic symptoms that were interpreted in a context of a depressive episode. After some months she fulfilled the criteria for Schizophrenia and anti-psychotic was prescribed. Family always demonstrated doubts about the disease and negatively influenced the treatment adherence. They believed she was possessed by demons and she was submitted to exorcisms and spiritual therapies. After a 2-year follow-up with erratic treatment regimens and worsening symptoms they accepted her hospitalisation. The majority of symptoms were controlled allowing complete adherence to the same treatment proposed before.

Conclusions

The disease acceptance is a complex process, influenced by multiple beliefs that play different roles in each patient and family, that can adversely influence clinical management. It is essential to understand the family sociocultural environment, by gauging the most influential elements aiming to enhance their compliance with treatment.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
An exploration of the elements of effective cultural healing in North America
Authors: Mehl-Madrona L. , Mainguy B.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

How traditional cultural healing works is difficult for biomedical science to understand. Outcomes do occur that defy the conventional logic of materialistic, reductionistic cause-and-effect.

Objectives

We aimed to understand how participants understood what happens in traditional cultural healing.

Methods

We identified 26 cases of results in which improvement occurred beyond what biomedicine would expect from a placebo response. We interviewed the healers and their clients to understand their experience and how they saw what had happened.

Results

Seven cases involved resolution of cancer; 2 cases, musculoskeletal disorders; 9 cases of rheumatological disorders; 8, other disorders. Each person spoke about the importance of spiritual transformation and described such an experience. They spoke about an attitude of the cultural healer that involved what could best be translated as radical empathy coupled with non-judgmental listening without interpretation. Many of healers had been initiated into their healing roles via a life-threatening illness that resolved when an extra-ordinary being(s) (a spirit or god, or God) entered their life world and became an integral part of their being. This was also a common description given by the participants for what had happened. The healers often described themselves as a hollow bone, a conduit through which spiritual forces flow.

Conclusions

Traditional cultural healing remains important to psychiatry because it defies explanation in our usual paradigm. Spiritual transformation and radical empathy may be necessary, though not sufficient components. For the person who undergoes a profound spiritual transformation, extensive changes in self and world view may occur.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
The forbidden fruit – the thin line between belief, religion, and severe psychopathology: A case report
Authors: Ferreira F. , Figueiredo I. , Ferreira T. , Viegas F. , Santos N. , Tomé C. , Maia T.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Religious obsessions constitute an interesting component of the phenomenology of obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD). Scrupulosity can be phenomenologically similar to other OCD subtypes but the ultimate feared consequence is religious or moral in nature.

Objectives

To develop a reflexion about religion, belief and its interaction with psychopathology, focusing on a clinical case.

Methods

Review of the clinical case and literature.

Results

37-year-old female patient with 4 prior psychiatric admissions. Stable until May 2020. After a brief online relationship patient develops subsequent guilt, anxiety and obsessive images with religious/sexual content. Abruptly, on the day of admission to the ER, the patient eats garlic in penitence and self-flagellate. At inpatient-unit she presented in mutism and total oral refusal, needing nasogastric tube for feeding and medication administration. She was medicated with diazepam and olanzapine, being added fluoxetine later on. In later interviews, a primordial idea based on the prevailing religious beliefs was found: “sex before marriage is a mortal sin”. This itself generated doubt “have I been forgiven” with compulsions of verification/purification (eg. repeated confession) and punishment, and this doubt almost reached a delirious character during the acute episode. Partial egodistonia, lived with suffering although with some continuity with her beliefs. At discharge patient showed insight for the unrealism of this dyad, though the primary idea remained immovable.

Conclusions

Although the pharmacological approach managed to control the most disturbing symptoms presented by the patient, it’s worthwhile to review and to reflect on this report in a wider perspective, within in the light of the relevance to the clinical practice.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Erik Satie – a psychopathological approach
Authors: Gonçalves-Pinho M. , Ribeiro J.P.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Éric Satie was a French classical music composer born in May of 1866. He composed several music pieces that did not fit the contemporaneous musical standard once he did not follow the orthodox rules of composition and harmonic expression.

Objectives

To analyse Erik Satie personality traits and possible psychopathological findings.

Methods

A narrative review was performed using Google Scholar database.

Results

His music, as it occurs in most musical composers, was said to translate his own personality and state of mind at the time. He was described as an eccentric with multiple descriptions demonstrating unstable and explosive personality traits of pride, determination, perfectionism and a hatred for convention that would put him near a Cluster A type of personality.

Conclusions

Although some authors conclude that Satie could be diagnosed with Asperger Syndrome I believe that his specificities represent more of personality traits than pathological findings.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Comparison of psychological characteristics of women with depression and self-harming behavior
Authors: Medvedeva T. , Enikolopov S. , Vorontsova O. , Kazmina O. , Boyko O.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Existing literature supports the association between depression and self-harm, a prominent risk factor of suicide.

Objectives

Аnalysis of psychological characteristics of women with depression and self-harming behavior and their differences from patients with depression without self-harm.

Methods

The study involved 62 women with depression (age 16–23), 36 with self-harming, 26 did not have episodes of self-harm. Hamilton Scale (HDRS), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), SCL-90-R, Rosenberg self-esteem scale, Body Investment Scale (BIS) were used.

Results

Computer test execution time is shorter in the self-harming group, the total time in WCST and IGT tests is significantly shorter (T Test p<0.001), «inhibition» (HDRS) in this group is significantly lower. The self-harmed group demonstrates higher feelings of guilt (2.222±1.141 versus 1.367±1.326 in the non-self-harm group, p=<0.001), suicidal ideation (2.653±1.302 versus 1.100±1.373 p<0.001), psychopathological symptoms in SCL90-R: sensitivity (1.812±0.861 versus 1.185±0.553), hostility (1.388±0.965 versus 0.729±0.700 p=0.004), GSI (1.539±0.705 versus 1.205±0.473 p=0.039), and a special attitude towards body - a decrease of somatic symptoms (HDRS), decreased parameter of “protection” of body and the «attitude to the body» in Body Investment Scale (BIS).

Conclusions

The study revealed psychological characteristics that distinguish a group of depressed women with self-harming: a mismatch of the severity of the components of depressive tirade - motor and ideator inhibition was less pronounced, while the affective component was significantly more pronounced. The body investment is reduced, the need to protect one’s own body is ignored. High level of guilt, and the increased sensitivity characteristic of these patients can be a vulnerability factor.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
The structure of depressive manifestations in preoperative cardiac surgery patients
Authors: Nikolaeva O. , Nikolaev E. , Maksimova N. , Litvinova E. , Zakharova A. , Dulina G.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

It is common knowledge that depressive disorders are prevalent in cardiac patients. The fact of a prospective heart surgery can have a negative effect on depressive manifestations in cardiac patients.

Objectives

To describe representation and structure of depression in preoperative cardiac surgery patients and its correlation with the patients’ personal time perspective

Methods

We used the Beck Depression Inventory to estimate the level and structure of depression in 60 cardiac surgery patients of both sexes and the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory to identify the patients’ personal time perspective.

Results

We revealed depression of various manifestations in 53.4% of preoperative cardiac patients; 3.3% of them had severe depression, 11.7% – moderate depression, 8.3% – mild depression, 30.0% – minimal depression. The patients’ average level of depression was certainly higher than the standard one (t=3.295; р=.000). According to degree, the structure of depressive manifestations included asthenia, irritability, sleeping disorders, low sex drive, weight loss, pessimism, tearfulness, difficulty working, and difficulty taking decision. Two patients showed suicidal thoughts. We revealed a positive correlation between the depression level and a Negative-Past time perspective (r=.39) and a negative correlation with the Positive Past time perspective (r=-.27).

Conclusions

We identified depressive manifestations in every second preoperative cardiac patient. Every sixth one has moderate or severe depression, which calls for special attention. Research in personal time perspective has good prospects for psychological interventions.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Postpartum depression and perceived stress among Tunisian parturient
Authors: Messedi N. , Aribi L. , Bouattour W. , Khanfir F. , Charfeddine F. , Chaaben K. , Aloulou J.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The postpartum depressions (PPD), rank first postpartum complications and therefore pose a public health problem by their frequencies and their adverse consequences.

Objectives

To detect the depression among a Tunisian parturient, to evaluate their perceived stress and to study the link between these entities

Methods

A cross-sectional, analytical study of 40 first week postpartum women hospitalized in the gynecology department in Hedi Cheker hospital in Sfax-Tunisia, during the month of September 2019. We used the Arab version of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Cohen perceived stress scale (PSS).

Results

The average age of the participants was 31.07 years old. The Parturient have a rural origin in 62.5% of cases, they have a secondary school level in 52.5% of cases. There were exaggerated sympathetic signs in 52.5% of the cases. An organic pathologies were present during pregnancy in 47.5%. The postpartum period was simple in 77.5% of cases. For the post-natal period, 90% of parturient were going to receive help of a family member. EPDS: the average score was5.35 and the risk of developing a PPD was 20%. PSS we found that life represents a perpetual threat in 27% of cases. The factors correlated with the PPD were: a high level of perceived stress (p < 0.00) and organic pathology during pregnancy (p=0.02).

Conclusions

Our study shows that the risk of postpartum depression is high among Tunisian parturient and it is associated with high level of stress, because of this a precocious screening is necessary.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Depressive disorders after mild craniocerebral injuries in amateur athletes
Authors: Syrmos N. , Ampatzidis G.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Craniocerebral injuries are serious traumatic situations

Objectives

Aim of this study is to present cases of deppresive disorders after mild craniocerebral injuries in amateur athletes

Methods

10 cases are presented. Range of age between 20 and 40 years old. All of them reported depressive disorders during the post traumatic period after mild craniocerebral injuries mainly during amateur athletic activities

Results

All of them they receive appropriate neurological, psychiatric, psycological and rehabilitation support and treatment. They managed to have a good outcome after 12 months follow up.

Conclusions

The development of depressive disorders after such traumatic events remains a strong predictor of a variety of difunctions (social, personal, work etc). The emergence of depressive disorders in many cases remains unexplored and poorly understood. The effect into the the overall health remains a very important factor to investigate. The combination and collaboration of the various medical disciplines is essential in order to help young people.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Psychosocial online counselling in Ukraine on IPSO-care platform in pandemic period
Authors: Korostiy V. , Missmahl I. , Polishchuk O. , Platinuk O.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Since October 2017 till 2019 the project of Psychosocial Care for internally displaced persons and the war affected population in Ukraine has been in place (short name “Let’s talk”). In 2020 this project continuing for counselling pandemic affected persons.

Objectives

The counsellors are professional psychologists who were trained within the scope of the project. Sessions may be held in Russian or Ukrainian, according to the user’s choice.

Methods

Analysis of protocols of online counseling sessions and supervisions.

Results

The key and most frequent issues mentioned by the clients are loneliness, the loss of the sense of life, fear, uncertainty, anxiety, difficulties in family relations, in particular, with children, job insecurity, addictions, psychosomatic disorders and so others. They are closely related to the situation in the country (military operation, the division into “We” and “Other”, the risk of provocations, the cases of treason and personal revenge, threats to the family members of the military). The above issue is in potential clients’ inadequately high suspicion level (in some cases on the border of paranoid fantasies), which is manifested in the fear of the possible infringement of confidentiality, over-listening, surveillance, recording of talks etc.

Conclusions

The online counseling is the way to provide professional, accessible, free for the users and fully anonymous psychosocial care. Most frequent issues mentioned by the IDPs and the war affected population peoples has been indicated. When presenting the project service, the focus is always made on the high level of data protection and strict confidentiality.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
A mixed methods evaluation of the current state of perinatal mental healthcare and users’ acceptability of a digital assessment for perinatal mental health
Authors: Spadaro B. , Martin-Key N.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Perinatal mental health symptoms commonly remain underdiagnosed in maternity care settings in the UK, with the COVID-19 pandemic having further disrupted access to adequate care provision. Digital technologies may offer innovative ways to support the mental health needs of women and partners and assist midwives in recognition of concerns.

Objectives

We set to investigate the current state of perinatal mental healthcare provision in the UK and the acceptability of a digital mental health assessment.

Methods

The study entailed completing an online survey. 829 women, 103 partners, and 90 midwives participated in the study. Quantitative data were explored using descriptive statistics. Open-ended responses regarding the perceived benefits and barriers to using a digital mental health assessment were investigated using thematic analysis. Resultant themes were then mapped onto the Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation Model of Behaviour (COM-B model).

Results

The provision of perinatal mental healthcare support was limited and varied across respondents, particularly throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. There was a strong interest in using a digital mental health assessment placed within maternity healthcare settings to screen, diagnose, and triage concerns (Figure 1). In-person and blended care approaches (i.e., in-person and remote support) were preferred by women and partners in the event of further care being advised (Figure 1). Identified barriers and benefits mainly related to physical opportunity (e.g., accessibility), psychological capability (e.g., cognitive skills) and automatic motivation (e.g., emotions).

Conclusions

This study provides proof-of-concept support for the development of a digital mental health assessment to inform clinical decision-making for perinatal mental health concerns.

Disclosure

NMK has financial interest in Psyomics Ltd., a company developing digital diagnostic devices for neuropsychiatric disorders.
Direct-to-consumer marketing (DTC) of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) using brief promotional video: Mapping modifiable mechanisms in pre-treatment acceptance
Authors: Auyeung L. , Wong E. , Mak W.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Given the suboptimal acceptance of iCBT for depression, finding ways to increase the acceptance and uptake is crucial for its dissemination. Moreover, it remains unknown to what extend the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) could aid the design of DTC in psychological service.

Objectives

To explore whether the regulatory processes theorized in the UTAUT (Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy, Social Influence, and Facilitating Condition) could be modified and mediate the change of acceptance of iCBT.

Methods

This randomized controlled trial recruited 219 individuals with at least mild level of depression. Upon completion of pre-assessment, participants were randomly allocated to an intervention (IG) and a control group (CG). The IG received a 7-minute UTAUT-driven promotion video, while the CG received a video of same length on general psychoeducation. Both groups completed a post-assessment.

Results

Repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant time by group effect on treatment acceptance. The video in IG was perceived to be clearer and more persuasive. Mediation analysis showed that the intervention effect was mediated by increase in perceived performance expectancy of iCBT, and the indirect effect was conditional on dispositional help seeking stigma.

Conclusions

Pre-treatment acceptance of iCBT can be improved by brief DTC promotion video. The finding casts light that performance expectancy was the most modifiable and mediatable regulatory process on iCBT acceptance, although such relation could be attenuated by high help-seeking stigma. In sum, DTC marketing could aid implementation of Internet-based interventions, effort in stigma reduction should continue to encourage uptake of effective treatment.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Mental health attendances in Australia during the COVID-19 pandemic: A telehealth success story?
Authors: Giles S. , Sreedharan S. , Mian M.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the delivery of mental health services globally. Within Australia, the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent containment measures have led to reduced face-to-face attendances. To maintain access to mental health consultations, new telehealth services were introduced by the Australian Government in late March 2020.

Objectives

We aimed to quantify the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patterns of mental health attendances in Australia using an interrupted time series model.

Methods

To characterise patterns of mental health service utilisation, monthly mental health attendances between January 2016 and June 2020 were extracted from the Medicare database, stratified by clinician type: general practitioner (GP), psychiatrist, and allied health. We used triple exponential smoothing to model attendances between January 2017 and December 2019. Observed and predicted attendances between January and June 2020 were compared with 95% confidence (p<0.05).

Results

Our models showed decreased mental health attendances in March and April, consistent with all healthcare services during this time. While uptake of telehealth was significant, it only partially covered the reduction in mental health attendances.

Conclusions

Our modelling highlights the significant impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health services in Australia, with telehealth only partially compensating for the reduction in face-to-face attendances. These results suggest that telehealth services may not be suitable for all individuals (e.g. those without reliable internet access). Given that telehealth will likely remain a feature of mental health service provision, outreach and face-to-face services should be considered for vulnerable groups

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
A virtual reality tool for the treatment of obesity: Study protocol of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Palacios P. Lusilla , Anastasiadou D. , Ramos-Quiroga J.A.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Available evidence demonstrates that it is feasible to integrate Motivational Interviewing (MI) techniques with Enhanced Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) for the treatment of obesity and that this combined intervention has the potential to improve health-related outcomes of patients and to maintain behavioural changes over time. In addition, the use of Virtual Reality (VR) using embodiment techniques in the treatment of behavioural disorders has proved its preliminary effectiveness.

Objectives

1) to adapt the embodiment tool for treating obesity in a clinical setting, and 2) to compare its preliminary effectiveness to usual care.

Methods

A randomized control trial (SOCRATES project, funded by the European Union’s H2020 program under grant agreement No 951930) will be carried out with 66 participants with a Body Mass Index (BMI) >30, who will be split into two groups (control and intervention). The participants will be recruited from the external consultations of the Vall d’Hebron University Hospital. Readiness to change, BMI, dietetic habits and physical activity, self-perception of the body size, satisfaction with self-image and quality of life in relation to body image will be assessed before and after the intervention and at 4-week follow-up. Finally, variables related to the adoption of the VR tool in terms of perceived usability, user’s satisfaction and technology acceptance will be also evaluated.

Results

Not yet available

Conclusions

The study will provide an important advance in the treatment of obesity, first, by improving the effectiveness of available psychological treatments integrating embodiment, MI and CBT techniques, and second, reducing treatment duration and costs compared to conventional therapies.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Antipsychotics for elderly with psychosis: Deprescribe or continue?
Authors: Mohr P.
Published: February 2022

Maintenance treatment with antipsychotics remains the key principle in the long-term management of psychotic disorders. For some patients, it means life-long use of medication. Continuous drug administration helps to prevent relapses, maintain remission, and achieve functional recovery. Moreover, epidemiological data suggest that antipsychotic treatment significantly reduces mortality rates of schizophrenia patients. On the other hand, some authors argue that antipsychotic drugs may lose its efficacy over time, their long-term exposure results in more harm than benefit. Especially elderly patients are more sensitive to side effects. Several studies which followed-up patient cohorts over the span of several decades found that there are schizophrenia patients who can achieve good functional outcome and full recovery without antipsychotic treatment. Therefore, it is paramount to identify those individuals, particularly among elderly psychotic patients, who can thrive and benefit from timely antipsychotic discontinuation.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
The impact of confinement on anxiety rates of the entourage of patients in the psychiatric hospital of Tunis
Authors: Tanazefti H. , Beldi M. , Hajri A. , Maamri A. , Zalila H.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The confinement did begot a recrudescence in the rate of stress within populations. Meanwhile, research targeting the mental health of the psychiatric patients’ accompanyings are scarce.

Objectives

Detect and evaluate anxiety levels of patients’ entourage during confinement.

Methods

It is a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study based on a random sample of People accompanying psychiatric patients from externals consultations service in the only Psychiatric Hospital in Tunisia. Data were been collected during the month of June 2020 via a 20 items questionnaire and a score HAD issued in Arabic.

Results

One hundred thirty five accompanyings were surveyed. The age group was predominantly between 51 and 60 with a sex ratio of 0.31. Near half was the parents. eighty seven were unemployed, 38 stopped working due to confinement and 10 have been worked normally. A pathological anxiety HAD score (>7) was found in 36 accompanyings (26, 67 %). Amongst them, 19 had manifested symptoms. Anxiety levels are significantly much higher in accompanyings of patients with personality disorders (p=0.053). Otherwise, 52, 6% of accompanyings who stopped working felt more under pressure than before lockdown. In contrary to those who did not worked before at all (29.9 %) and those who continued working (10%).

Conclusions

It seems that the entourage of mentally ill patients experience a continuous psychological distress, which was uncovered and marked in confinement period. Thus, it is necessary to establish screening programs, psychological education and early care to ensure their well-being.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Severe pica in long-term schizophrenia, a case report
Authors: Querol M. Martínez , Codesido M. Lado
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Pica is a strange eating disorder that consists of eating non-nutritive substances, inappropriate to the developmental level/ cultural normative of the individual. The prevalence is not widely studied, but might occur in the context of other mental disorders, such as schizophrenia, that hinders the management and treatment of these patients.

Objectives

To report a severe pica in a patient with late schizophrenia, and highlight the impact this syndrome might cause on the life of these patients.

Methods

We present a case of a 65 year-old-woman with schizophrenia attended in the emergency area for dysphagia due to the intake of a metal washer. Reviewing the patient medical history, an early and severe schizophrenia was described. Within years, disorganization and residual symptoms have become the main disabilities, developing a pica eating disorder with preference in greater metal objects (images are included).

Results

The management has been hindered due to the consequences of pica eating disorder. The patient describes an unstoppable urge to make the intake when she sights wide metallic objects (batteries, docks, washers…). Different antipsychotic drugs have been used, combined with psychotherapy and family education. Despite this, the patient has required multiple attentions in the emergency area due to esophagueal impaction, intestinal obstruction, perforation and peritonitis, that have led to countless surgeries and hospitalizations.

Conclusions

Pica can become a highly dysfunctional syndrome that may lead to severe organic and life impact. The comorbidity with schizophrenia is understudied, but further investigation might be useful to show up specific management strategies of these patients.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Do women with differing levels of trait eating pathology experience daily stress and body dissatisfaction differently?
Authors: Dang A. , Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M. , De La Harpe S. , Rozenblat V. , Giles S. , Kiropoulos L. , Krug I.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Studies have suggested that stress predicts both body dissatisfaction (BD) and disordered eating (DE) patterns. However, the mechanisms of this process are not entirely clear and could be elucidated through further exploration in daily life.

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to 1) explore the concurrent and lagged relationship between stress and BD in the daily life of individuals with differing levels of trait eating pathology (EP) and 2) to investigate whether maladaptive coping moderated these relationships.

Methods

107 female participants (mean age = 26.92) completed an online survey about stress, coping strategies and trait EP. Participants used a smartphone app to report on state stress, BD and DE six times a day for seven days

Results

Individuals with elevated trait EP experienced a significantly higher frequency of stress events (b = 0.04). Participants’ use of maladaptive coping significantly increased state stress (b = 0.41), but was not moderated by EP. Participants’ state stress and BD measured at the same time point (concurrent assessment) were significantly related (b = 0.13). Either stress or BD at the previous time point did not significantly predict changes in the other (lagged assessment, b = 0.02, b = -0.09, respectively). The aforementioned state-based associations were not moderated by trait EP

Conclusions

Women with more severe EP were found to experience stress more frequently. Maladaptive coping strategies were related to stress, but not moderated by EP. The association between stress and BD from concurrent but not lagged assessment highlights the importance of assessing and targeting momentary stress levels.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
An examination of the direct and indirect effect of self-objectification and disordered eating
Authors: Giles S. , Rabinowicz J. , Raux C. , Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M. , Krug I.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Objectification theory argues that self-objectification confers risk for disordered eating (DE) both directly, and indirectly through a cascade of negative psychological consequences (e.g. low mood and self-conscious body monitoring). Robust cross-sectional evidence supports these relationships. However, these cross-sectional studies do not provide evidence for the complex intraindividual psychological processes outlined in objectification theory which purportedly contribute to DE.

Objectives

Using an ecological momentary assessment design, the current study investigated the direct within-person effect between state self-objectification and DE and examined the indirect within-person effect of negative mood and body comparisons, on the relationship between state self-objectification and DE.

Methods

Two-hundred female participants (M=20.43 years, SD=4.60) downloaded a smartphone app which assessed momentary experiences of self-objectification, mood, body comparisons, and DE six times per day at random intervals for seven days.

Results

Indicated that self-objectification significantly predicted DE behaviours [95% CI 0.01, 0.03] and body comparisons [95% CI 0.32, 0.41]. However, the indirect effect of body comparisons on the relationship between state self-objectification and DE was not significant [95% CI -0.01, 0.00]. In the second mediation model, self-objectification significantly predicted DE behaviours [95% CI 0.01, 0.03], but did not significantly predict mood [95% CI -0.06, 0.03]. Similarly, the indirect effect of mood on the relationship between state self-objectification and DE was not significant [95% CI -0.00, 0.00].

Conclusions

These results enhance our understanding of objectification theory and suggest that self-objectification confers risk to DE directly. However, our findings do not support the indirect effect of self-objectification on DE through low mood or body comparisons.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Self-harm and aggression in patients with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Lebedeva N. , Parshukov A. , Chebakova Y.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a complex condition with high comorbidity.

Objectives

This study aims to verify whether patients with AN are more aggressive towards themselves than towards others; namely, we measure the levels of autoaggressive/aggressive ideation, negative emotions regarding self/others, as well as self-harm behavior.

Methods

10 female patients with AN (2 of them also had bulimia nervosa) and 20 female participants of the control group were presented with Structured Interview, Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Test (P‐F), Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument, Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory, I-structural Test of Ammon, Boyko Communication Aggression Inventory, Boyko Self-directed Emotion Accumulation Inventory (BSEAI). Mann-Whitney U-test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient were used.

Results

Table 1Structured interview indicatorControl groupAN patientsSuicide attempts10%60%Self-harm behavior35%60%Piercing/tattoos20%50%Depression (self-report)40%90%

There were no significant differences in aggression levels between groups. However, patients with AN showed less extrapunitive reactions: blaming others, requiring others to resolve the situation (P-F, р=0.013) and more intropunitive reactions: self-blame, feeling responsible/guilty for the situation (P-F, р=0.031). AN patients had more self-directed negative emotions and impulses (BSEAI, р=0.01), more self-harm behavior (see table 1). There were no correlations between autoaggression and aggression scales in the control group, but there were 9 correlations between them in the AN group (p<0.05, r>0.76).

Conclusions

Patients with AN are more inclined to self-blame, negative ideas about themselves, self-harm behavior, but have the same aggression level as the control group. The interconnection of aggression and autoaggression is different in patients with anorexia nervosa compared to the control group.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
New therapy by surfactant to avoid neuro/psychiatric problems caused by cerebral hypoxia
Authors: Bracco L.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Covid-19 causes neuro/psychiatric problems by cerebral hypoxia.

Objectives

My therapy could allow us to cross Covid-19 infection by minimizing both immediate and chronic lung damage and would avoid many deaths and neuro/psychiatric problems from cerebral hypoxia.

Methods

In the case of a Covid-19 lung infection, the virus infects type II alveolar cells which consequently reduce the production of pulmonary surfactant. The surfactant has the function of reducing the surface tension of the alveoli. The less pulmonary surfactant there is, the more the alveoli tend to collapse due to the increased surface tension of their surface. Consequently, the lung would tend to collapse, that is, to reduce its volume, but collapse is prevented by the muscular movement of inspiration, which instead increases its volume. This means that a “low-pressure area” is created in the interstitial space which attracts liquid and substances which are often inflammatory and which organize over time, giving rise to interstitial pneumonia.

Results

I propose to administer the pulmonary surfactant to the patient Covid-19 in the presence of dyspnea and certainly during assisted ventilation. This technique is routinely used in preterm infants suffering from lack of pulmonary surfactant production due to the immaturity of type II alveolar cells, pending that once matured these cells produce it autonomously.

Conclusions

Similarly, the administration of surfactant during Covid-19 lung infection would allow the correct amount of surfactant to be maintained during the acute phase of the infection and would give time for type II alveolar cells to heal and independently resume surfactant production.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Seasonal patterns in psychiatric emergency care visits
Authors: Hernández-Calle D. , Bravo-Ortiz M.F.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Psychiatric emergency visits have with associated with seasonal pattern that reflect psychosocial factors. Its knowledge could proving valuable insight about help seeking behaviour of patiens suffering with mental illness.

Objectives

Our aim was to analyse weekly and monthly seasonality

Methods

Daily urgency visits were extracted from electronic medical records of Hospital Universitario La Paz from 1st January 2019 to 31st December 2019. A poisson multivariate model was performed with day of the week and month as covariates. Predictive margins were estimated

Results

Psychiatric emergency visits were less frequent in Saturday and Sunday (5.5 visits per day) than weekdays (7.5 visits per day). Not differences were observed among months.

Conclusions

A weekly season pattern was observed with less psychiatric emergency visits during weekends.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Association between ecological factors and emergency care visits: The influence of relative humidity
Authors: Hernández-Calle D. , Bravo-Ortiz M.F.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Psychiatric emergency visits have been associated to several climate variables. However, the influence of relative humidity has been not well stablished.

Objectives

The analyse the influence of relative humidity on emergency care visits.

Methods

Daily urgency visits were extracted from electronic medical records of Hospital Universitario La Paz from 1st January 2019 to 31st December 2019. Relative humidity data (%) was obtained from a local climate station. A negative binomial multivariate regression model was performed with relative humidity, weekday and month as covariates.

Results

Relative humidity was not associated with number of psychiatric emergency department visits (IRR 1.00; 95%CI 0.99-1.00)

Conclusions

Relative humidity did not influence emergency help seeking for patients suffering from suicidal phenomena

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Tunisian revolution and the demand of healthcare in psychiatry outward department
Authors: Regaya M. , Mohamed B. Ben , Zaafrane F. , Amamou B. , Gaha L.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Tunisian revolution has been a major upheavel in the tunisian history and has brought many political, social and economic changes. Little were found about the revolution’s potential impact on the psychiatric demand.

Objectives

Compare the clinical profile of all the new consultants in the out ward psychiatry department before and after the revolution.

Methods

The study had a retrospective descriptive design including all the new consultants in the outpatient psychiatry department in the general hospital Fattouma Bourguiba in Monastir, Tunisia before (during 2007) and after (during 2016) the revolution. We used a pre-established questionnaire including sociodemographic and clinical data.

Results

After the revolution, an increase in the number of new patients (p<10-3) 438 to 451 were found. In 2016, there were more unemployed consultants(p=0.004), having criminal record (p=0.01) and having a problematic substance use (p<10-3). An increase also concerned patients consulting for anxiety(p=0.002) and suicidal ideation (p=0.022). Considering the clinical diagnosis, there were also a significant increase regarding anxiety disorders (p=0.001) and mood disorders (p=0.011) essentially major depressive disorder (p=0.002). Although a significant decrease concerned somatoform disorder (p<10-3).

Conclusions

Our study showed a change in the profile of consultants after the Tunisian revolution. A study in the general population could find specific etiological factors. Thus highlight the importance of implementing preventive measures in general population in crisis’ times.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.