bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Processing Mechanism of Guanidinoacetate in Choroid Plexus Epithelial Cells: Conversion of Guanidinoacetate to Creatine via Guanidinoacetate N-Methyltransferase and Monocarboxylate Transporter 12-Mediated Creatine Release into the CSF
Authors: Jomura Ryuta , Akanuma Shin-ichi , Kubo Yoshiyuki , Tachikawa Masanori , Hosoya Ken-ichi
Published: February 2022

Background: Guanidinoacetate (GAA) induces epileptogenesis and neurotoxicity in the brain. As epileptic animal models have been reported to show elevated cerebral GAA levels, the processing mechanism of GAA in the brain is important for maintaining brain homeostasis. Our previous study revealed that GAA in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is removed by incorporation into the choroid plexus epithelial cells (CPxEpic), which form the blood-CSF barrier (BCSFB). However, the processing mechanism of GAA incorporated into CPxEpic remains unknown. Our previous studies have revealed that monocarboxylate transporter 12 (MCT12) functions as an efflux transporter of GAA and creatine (Cr), a metabolite of GAA, in the kidneys and liver. Therefore, we aimed to clarify the role of MCT12 in GAA dynamics in CPxEpic.Methods: Protein expression and localization in CPxEpic were evaluated using immunohistochemistry. Metabolic analysis was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) 24 h after the addition of [14C]GAA to TR-CSFB3 cells, which are conditionally immortalized rat CPxEpic. The efflux transport of [14C]Cr was evaluated in TR-CSFB3 cells after transfection with MCT12 small interfering RNA (siRNA). The CSF-to-brain parenchyma transfer of Cr was measured after intracerebroventricular injection in rats.Results: Immunohistochemical staining revealed that MCT12-derived signals merged with those of the marker protein at the apical membrane of CPxEpic, suggesting that MCT12 is localized on the apical membrane of CPxEpic. The expression levels of guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase (GAMT), which catalyzes the conversion of GAA to Cr, in TR-CSFB3 cells was also indicated, and GAA was hypothesized to be metabolized to Cr after influx transport into CPxEpic, after which Cr was released into the CSF. Cr release from TR-CSFB3 cells decreased following MCT12 knockdown. The contribution ratio of MCT12 to the release of Cr was more than 50%. The clearance of CSF-to-brain parenchyma transfer of Cr was 4.65 µL/(min·g brain), suggesting that biosynthesized Cr in CPxEpic is released into the CSF and supplied to the brain parenchyma.Conclusions: In CPxEpic, GAA is metabolized to Cr via GAMT. Biosynthesized Cr is then released into the CSF via MCT12 and supplied to the brain parenchyma.
Psychometric Properties of The 12-Item Stroke-Specific Quality of Life Scale Among Stroke Survivors In Hong Kong
Authors: Fong Ted C. T. , Lo Temmy L. T. , Ho Rainbow T. H.
Published: February 2022

The present study examined the psychometric properties of the 12-item Stroke-Specific Quality of Life Scale (SSQOL-12) as a measure of quality of life specific to stroke in 184 stroke survivors in Hong Kong. The participants also completed a questionnaire on short form health survey (SF-12) and validating variables at baseline and 148 of them completed SSQOL-12 two months later. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to investigate the construct validity, reliability, and longitudinal invariance of SSQOL-12 across two months. Convergent and discriminant validity was examined with respect to hope, anxiety, depression, self-esteem, and SF-12. The original 2-factor model did not reveal a superior fit and a modified 1-factor model with 4 residual covariances provided an acceptable fit to data in both waves. The SSQOL-12 factor displayed substantial factor loadings (λ = 0.40–0.87), good reliability (Ω = 0.88), temporal stability (r = 0.70), and scalar measurement invariance across time. Stroke-specific quality of life was significantly associated with ischemic stroke, lower functional disability, anxiety, and depression and higher levels of hope of self-esteem. Most of the associations remained significant after controlling for SF-12. These findings provided support for validity and reliability of the unidimensional structure for SSQOL-12 among stroke survivors.
Development of COVID-19 Severity Assessment Score in Adults Presenting With COVID-19 to the Emergency Department
Authors: Subhani Faysal , Chhotani Abdul Ahad , Waheed Shahan , Zahid Rana Osama , Azizi Kiran , Buksh Ahmed Raheem
Published: February 2022

Background:Critically-ill Covid-19 patients require extensive resources which can overburden a healthcare system already under strain due to a pandemic. A good disease severity prediction score can help allocate resources to where they are needed most. Objectives:We developed a Covid-19 Severity Assessment Score (CoSAS) to predict those patients likely to suffer from mortalities within 28 days of hospital admission. We also compared this score to Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) in adults.Methods:CoSAS includes the following 10 components: Age, gender, Clinical Frailty Score, number of comorbidities, Ferritin level, D-dimer level, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, C-reactive Protein levels, systolic blood pressure and oxygen saturation. Our study was a single center study with data collected via chart review and phone calls. 309 patients were included in the study.Results: CoSAS proved to be a good score to predict Covid-19 mortality with an Area under the Curve (AUC) of 0.78. It also proved better than qSOFA (AUC of 0.70). More studies are needed to externally validate CoSAS.Conclusion:CoSAS is an accurate score to predict Covid-19 mortality in the Pakistani population.
Effect of Acute High-Intensity Exercise on Rat Myocardium metabolic Profiles. An LC-MS Based Metabolomics Study
Authors: Wu Lijun , WANG Jiayi , Cao Xiuhui , Tian Yue , Li Jia
Published: February 2022

Acute high-intensity exercise is a harmful manner associated with a series of myocardial injuries. Metabolism disorder of myocardium is one of the most serious conditions. However, few metabolomics-based studies provide data on the effect of exercise along with myocardial metabolism. Our study aimed to identify metabolic signatures in rat myocardium during acute high-intensity exercise and evaluate their diagnostic potential to sports injuries. SD rats were divided into control group and acute high-intensity exercise group and their myocardium samples were analyzed by LC-MS to explore metabolic alterations of rats’ myocardium. This study showed myocardium metabolism clearly differed between the two groups. there were 6 target metabolic pathways and 12 potential metabolic markers for acute high-intensity exercise. Our findings provide an insight that myocardium metabolism during acute high-intensity exercise have distinct disorders in complex lipids and fatty acids. Moreover, an increase of purine degradation products as well as signs of impaired glucose metabolism were observed. However, the amino acid was enhanced, which had a certain protective effect on the myocardium.
Evaluation of the classification and clinical characteristics of oral lichen planus and its treatment effect in different clinical types: a retrospective study
Authors: Abe Atsushi , Ito Yu , Hayashi Hiroki , Momokita Moeko , Taniguchi Shinichi , Nakayama Atsushi
Published: February 2022

Background: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is an intractable chronic inflammatory disease associated with dyskeratosis. Several clinical classifications of OLP have been reported. However, only a few detailed studies have investigated the clinical symptoms, classifications, and treatment effect. In this study, we investigated the clinical features of OLP at the time of the initial diagnosis and classified it using the clinical visual examination type classification. Furthermore, we evaluated whether there is a difference in the clinical characteristics and effectiveness of symptomatic treatment between the typical reticular type and other types of OLP.Methods: A total of 132 patients with OLP were included. Patients’ age, sex, chief complaints, clinical morphological forms, lesion sites, cytological and histopathological findings, therapeutic strategies, and therapeutic responsiveness were evaluated. Results: Of the 132 patients with OLP, there were 42 men and 90 women, with a mean age of 66.4±13.0 years. The buccal mucosa was the most affected site (n=95). The reticular form was the most common clinical morphological form, observed in 124 cases. Biopsy was performed in 48 patients. The erosive form was the most common among the biopsied lesions. Regarding therapeutic strategies, topical steroids were prescribed to 85 patients. Among these patients, 47 experienced symptomatic relief and 38 showed no changes in symptoms. Based on the clinical morphological form, the rates of symptomatic relief following topical steroid use were 70.4% for the reticular form and 15.9% for the erosive form. In patients with erosive and plaque-like forms, it was difficult to achieve symptomatic relief with topical steroid use, whereas in those with other forms, a moderate response was observed. Conclusion: Topical steroids are often ineffective in patients with the erosive or mixed form, and these clinical morphological forms are associated with a higher risk of malignant transformation compared with the other forms. Therefore, early histological examination is important.Trial registration number: Not applicable.
The control of malaria vectors in rice fields: A systematic review and meta- analysis
Authors: Chan Kallista , Bottomley Christian , Saito Kazuki , Lines Jo , Tusting Lucy S.
Published: February 2022

The relatively stable aquatic conditions of irrigated lowland and rainfed rice, which is grown across 145 million hectares in more than 100 countries, are capable of generating large numbers of mosquito vectors of malaria, which causes more than 400,000 deaths per year worldwide. Many methods can control these vectors but a systematic review has not previously been conducted. This study assesses whether larviciding, fish or intermittent irrigation can significantly reduce malaria vectors in rice fields whilst increasing rice yield. After a literature search for studies reporting the effect of larval control and rice cultivation practices on malaria vector densities in rice fields, 33 studies were eligible for meta-analysis.
Larviciding was effective at reducing ricefield malaria vectors. Pooled analysis of five controlled time-series (CTS) studies with chemical insecticides showed an overall combined reduction of larval densities of 77% compared to no larviciding. Eight CTSs with biological larvicides showed a pooled reduction of 60% compared to no larviciding. Cultivating rice and fish together provided good control too: a pooled analysis of three CTSs showed an overall 82% reduction in anopheline larvae compared to no fish. Pooled analysis of four studies suggested that intermittent irrigation (using various timings and frequencies of drainage) is effective at reducing the abundance of late-stage anopheline larvae (pooled reduction=-35%), but not overall immature abundance, compared to continuous flooding.
We conclude that many interventions such as larvicides, fish and intermittent irrigation can provide riceland malaria vector control, but the critical obstacle to wider use is farmer acceptability. Future research should be led by the agricultural sector, with inputs from entomologists, to investigate malaria control co-benefits within high-yielding rice cultivation practices.
Reduce Unexpected Aırlıne Dıverts: Modellıng wıth Tıme Serıes Analysıs
Authors: DOGAN Hazal Berve , Khaniyev Tahir , Gozen Derya , Demirezen Umut
Published: February 2022

In this study, a decision support system was designed to minimize the costs caused by an airline's unexpected diverts. Meteorological data provided by an airline was used to predict visibility range, using the R programming language. The results of the analyzes are presented. It is aimed to make predictions by analyzing the data using time series analysis methods. Detailed forecasts were made to correspond to 3 forward-looking hours. The results obtained from time series analysis using AR, MA, ARMA, ARIMA, AutoARIMA and VAR were compared according to the error rate functions.
Clinical Features, Renal recovery and Predictors of Acute Kidney Injury in a Resource-Limited Country: A Prospective Study
Authors: Abebe Abinet , Kumela Kabaye , Belay Maekel , Birhan Abdela , Wobie Yohannes , Assefa Erkihun
Published: February 2022

Background
Recovery from acute kidney injury (AKI) in hospitalized patients is variable and persistent impairment of renal function at discharge is associated with long-term adverse outcomes. Understanding the risk factors for non-recovery AKI may help to avoid modifiable determinants and enhance recovery. However, data on renal recovery and its associated factors is limited, especially in resource-limited settings. This study aimed to assess the clinical features, renal recovery, and predictors of AKI among hospitalized patients in Ethiopia.
Methods
A prospective observational study was conducted involving all adult patients with age ≥18 years, and met the kidney disease: improving global outcomes criteria for AKI from April to July 2019. The main outcome variable was renal recovery at discharge. The logistic regression model was used to determine predictors of non-recovery from AKI. Statistical significance was considered at a p-value of less than 0.05 on multivariate analysis.
Results
Of the 169 patients included in the study over four months, 127(75.2%) were < 60 years, 121 (71.6%) had kidney disease on admission, almost one-third (33.1%) of them had stage 3 AKI, nearly half (50.29%) had prerenal AKI, and 32(19%) had exposure to nephrotoxins. Vomiting 31(18.34%), oliguria 42(24%), hematuria 15(25.4%), and proteinuria 26(40.6%) were common presenting features. Of the total study participants, most of them (68%) had complete renal recovery and fifty-four (32%) patients had non-recovery AKI at the time of hospital discharge. On multivariable analysis, proteinuria (AOR 6.2, CI 1.25-31.4, p=0.002), AKI stage III (AOR 4.7, CI 1.37-28.6, p=0.019), and nephrotoxin exposure (AOR 5.2, CI 2.1-14.89, p=0.007) were factors significantly associated with non-renal recovery.
Conclusions
Our study found that most of the patients had AKI on admission and one-third had a higher stage of AKI. A higher proportion of patients were found to have non-recovery AKI at hospital discharge. Renal non-recovery was significantly associated with the severity of AKI, nephrotoxic drug use, and proteinuria. Follow-up of serum creatinine and proteinuria, and careful drug use monitoring may help to identify patients with poor prognosis, initiate specific interventions, and improve renal recovery.
Reduced Graphene Oxide on Activated Carbon/Manganese Dioxide Composite Materials for High-Performance Supercapacitor Electrodes
Authors: Fachrudin Adinandra Caesar , Harsojo
Published: February 2022

This study presents the addition of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) on the surface of activated carbon–manganese dioxide (ACMnO2) composite material via high-temperature variations of 350 to 450°C to increase the specific capacitance of the ACMnO2/rGO composite electrode. The composite material is synthesized by coating the slurry mixture on the aluminum sheet using a 2-step doctor blade method with polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) material and dimethylformamide (DMF) solution as a binder. Then symmetric supercapacitor is fabricated using filter paper as a separator and 3M potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution as an electrolyte. The composite material analysis is characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) as well as cyclic voltammetry (CV) for the electrochemical properties. The ACMnO2/rGO composite electrode at a temperature variation of 350°C showed the highest specific capacitance of 459.79 F g−1 at a scan rate of 9 mV s−1 with an energy density of 63.859 Wh kg−1. The addition of rGO on the surface of the ACMnO2 composite material increased the specific capacitance by about 58% compared to without rGO, showing promises for high-performance supercapacitor electrodes.
Correlation of nasopharyngeal viral load and pro-inflammatory cytokines with COVID-19 disease severity
Authors: Ghulam Unzela , Nazim Fizza , Farooqui Nida , Anwar Muhammad Faraz , Jamal Abid , Keyani Hammad Afzal , Mughal Nouman , Hussain Azhar , Abidi Syed Hani
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Most individuals with SARS-CoV-2 experience mild symptoms, however, many can experience a severe form of the disease, which can also be fatal. Several studies have associated serum pro-inflammatory cytokines with disease severity. However, very few have associated early cytokine changes, following viral infection of the nasopharyngeal region, with disease severity. Therefore, our study aimed to associate changes in viral loads and the expression of various cytokines in nasopharyngeal samples with COVID-19 disease severity.Material and Method: A total of 118 SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal samples in the viral transfer medium were collected. The samples were characterized as mild and severe, based on the WHO criteria, and qPCR was performed to determine the viral loads and also evaluate the expression of eight cytokines (IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ, TGF-β1 and TNF-α) expression in the mild and severe group. Subsequently, appropriate statistical tests were applied to determine the differential expression of cytokines in the mild and severe groups and to correlate the viral loads and cytokine expression with disease severity.Results: Out of 118 nasopharyngeal samples, 71 were characterized as mild, while 47 as severe. The mean viral load between the mild and severe groups was comparable (mild group: 27.07I 5.22; severe group: s 26.37 n7.89). Analysis of the cytokines showed the expression of IL-2, IFN- γ and TNF-α to be significantly higher in the severe groups as compared to the mild group. Further, we also observed a significant positive correlation between all the cytokines in the severe group.Conclusion: We found IL-2, TNF-α, and IFN-γ expression to be significantly higher in severe cases as compared to mild. The increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the nasopharyngeal milieu may be considered as biomarkers for disease severity in COVID-19 positive patients.
Machine learning-based prediction of cognitive outcomes in de novo Parkinson's disease
Authors: Harvey Joshua , Reijnders Rick A , Cavill Rachel , Duits Annelien , Köhler Sebastian , Eijssen Lars , Rutten Bart PF , Shireby Gemma , Torkamani Ali , Creese Byron , Leentjens Albert FG , Lunnon Katie , Pishva Ehsan
Published: February 2022

Cognitive impairment is a debilitating symptom in Parkinson’s disease (PD). We aimed to establish an accurate multivariate machine learning (ML) model to predict cognitive outcome in newly diagnosed PD cases from the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI). Annual cognitive assessments over an eight-year time span were used to define two cognitive outcomes of i) cognitive impairment, and ii) dementia conversion. Selected baseline variables were organized into three subsets of clinical, biofluid and genetic/epigenetic measures and tested using four different ML algorithms. Irrespective of the ML algorithm used, the models consisting of the clinical variables performed best and showed better prediction of cognitive impairment outcome over dementia conversion. We observed a marginal improvement in the prediction performance when clinical, biofluid, and epigenetic/genetic variables were all included in one model. Several cerebrospinal fluid measures and an epigenetic marker showed high predictive weighting in multiple models when included alongside clinical variables.
Identification of a missense variant in the porcine AGPAT gene family that affects intramuscular fat content through whole-genome sequencing
Authors: Molinero Eduard , Pena Ramona N. , Estany Joan , Ros-Freixedes Roger
Published: February 2022

The 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferases (AGPAT) are enzymes that catalyze the conversion of lysophosphatidic acid to phosphatidic acid, which is a precursor of triacylglycerol, the main fat reservoir in mammals. In pigs, there are 5 annotated genes in the AGPAT gene family. We used whole-genome sequencing to identify genetic variants in the AGPAT gene family in pigs and then we validated their association with fat content and fatty acid composition. Among the 6,639 variants identified across the AGPAT gene family through whole-genome sequencing of 205 Duroc pigs, we preselected a missense single nucleotide polymorphism in exon 6 of AGPAT5 (rs196952262, A>G) based on minor allele frequency, association analyses, and linkage disequilibrium. The effect of this variant was validated in 1,105 pigs from the same Duroc line genotyped using a high-resolution melt protocol. The A allele showed a positive additive effect for intramuscular fat (+1.12% ± 0.21, p < 0.001, for gluteus medius and +0.89% ± 0.33, p < 0.01, for longissimus). We also observed significant effects on fatty acid composition that were, at least in part, independent of the increased intramuscular fat content. Accounting for intramuscular fat content, the A allele resulted in more monounsaturated fatty acids (+0.34% ± 0.15, p < 0.05, for longissimus) and a greater monounsaturated/polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio (+0.11 ± 0.04, p < 0.01, for gluteus medius and +0.13 ± 0.05, p < 0.05, for longissimus). Although further studies would be needed before the causality of the variant on intramuscular fat content and fatty acid composition can be confirmed, this variant can be used as a marker in assisted selection for modulating pig fat deposition and fatty acid content.
MiR-199a-5p/p62 regulated autophagy in SCLC
Authors: Li Honglin
Published: February 2022

Background Autophagy has been found to be involved in the Multidrug resistance (MDR) of cancers, but whether it is associated with resistance of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) has not been studied. Here, we hypothesized that a potential autophagy-regulating miRNA, miR-199a-5p, regulated cisplatin-resistant SCLC. Methods We validated the MDR of H446/EP using CCK-8 and LDH. We tested the binding of miR-199a-5p to p62 using the Dual-Luciferase assay and validated the association of miR-199a-5p and p62 in SCLC samples. We overexpressed (OE) and knocked down (KD) miR-199a-5p in H446 and H446/EP and determined the expression of miR-199a-5p, autophagy-related proteins, and the formation of autophagolysosomes using QPCR, western blotting, and MDC staining respectively. These results were validated in an orthotopic H446 mouse model of SCLC. Results H446/EP was resistant to cisplatin, etoposide, paclitexal, epirubicin, irinotecan, and vinorelbine. Exposure of cisplatin at 5 μg/ml for 24 hours increased LC3II/LC3I, ATG5, p62, and the formation of autophagolysosomes in H446 cells, but not in H446/EP cells. The expression of miR-199a-5p was up-regulated in H446/EP compared to H446. MiR-199a-5p directly targeted the p62 gene. The expression of miR-199a-5p and p62 were correlated in SCLC samples. In H446 and H69PR, the OE of miR-199a-5p increased LC3II/LC3I, p62, and the formation of autophagolysosomes, but not ATG5, while the KD of miR-199a-5p decreased p62, but did not affect LC3II/LC3I, ATG5, and the formation of autophagolysosomes. In H446/EP, the OE of miR-199a-5p decreased p62 only. These results were generally consistent to results in the animal tumor samples. Conclusions The regulation of autophagy by the MiR-199a-5p/p62 axis was a potential mechanism of small cell lung cancer cisplatin resistance.
Traumatismo Dento-alveolar: Tecidos Duros Dentários, Polpa e Processo Alveolar
Authors: Silva Erika Thaís Cruz da , Vasconcelos Marcelo Gadelha , Vasconcelos Rodrigo Gadelha
Published: February 2022

Introdução: As fraturas de coroa são as mais comuns de todas as lesões traumáticas dento-alveolares e acometem principalmente os dentes permanentes anteriores. São classificadas em fratura em esmalte, fratura em esmalte/dentina com ou sem exposição pulpar, fraturas coronorradiculares e fraturas radiculares.  Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão de literatura acerca das lesões aos tecidos duros dos dentes e à polpa destacando desde aspectos clínicos e etiológicos ao tratamento. Além disso, também será descrita no presente estudo as fraturas do processo alveolar e aspectos referentes a imobilização dos traumatismos dento-alveolares que necessitam. Métodos: Realizou-se levantamento nas bases de dados PubMed/ Medline, Scielo e Google acadêmico, tendo como filtro publicações dos últimos 10 anos. A busca foi realizada com descritores previamente selecionados. A pesquisa ocorreu em 3 fases e os artigos foram incluídos obedecendo aos critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Resultados: As lesões aos tecidos duros dentários e à polpa podem classificar-se desde uma simples trinca de esmalte onde não há perda de tecido dentário até as fraturas radiculares em que o tratamento pode ser complexo e exigir até mesmo a imobilização do dente acometido. As fraturas do processo alveolar são frequentemente associadas aos traumatismos dentários e podem requerer uma abordagem mais complexa do que as fraturas mais simples. Conclusão As fraturas aos tecidos duros dentários e da polpa são as mais comumente encontradas dentro todas as lesões por traumatismo dento-alveolares. É importante que o profissional realize um adequado diagnóstico bem como o acompanhamento dessas lesões.
Associação entre Má Oclusão e Condição de Saúde Bucal em Pacientes Atendidos nas Clínicas Odontológicas da Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil
Authors: Diógenes Rafael Ferreira de Paiva , Fernandes Eloisa Cesário , Sanches Francyle Simões Herrera , Santos Patrícia Bittencourt Dutra dos
Published: February 2022

Introdução: Um alto índice de má oclusão e lesões de cárie é observado em crianças e adolescentes, porém a interação entre ambos ainda causa divergências no mundo científico. Objetivo: Investigar a possível associação entre má oclusão e condição de saúde bucal.  Material e Métodos: O presente estudo transversal e retrospectivo foi realizado a partir da avaliação de prontuários de pacientes de 8 a 16 anos atendidos no setor das Clínicas Odontológicas da Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte - Brasil, entre os anos de 2013 a 2019. A amostra foi composta de 135 prontuários de pacientes divididos em 4 grupos distintos: pacientes com má oclusão de Classe I (Grupo 1), má oclusão de Classe II (Grupo 2), má oclusão de Classe III (Grupo 3) e pacientes com oclusão normal (Grupo 4). Para avaliar a condição de saúde bucal, foram coletadas informações sobre o CPO-D e seus componentes e para a identificação da má oclusão, utilizou-se a relação anteroposterior dos primeiros molares permanentes. Para verificar as possíveis associações entre o CPO-D e o tipo de má oclusão foi utilizado o teste Qui-quadrado, e ainda o ANOVA one way para comparar a experiência de cárie entre os grupos, com significância de 5%. Resultados: Não houve maior experiência de cárie dentro de cada grupo, assim como não houve diferença entre os grupos para a condição de saúde bucal. Conclusão: A condição de saúde bucal avaliada pela experiência de cárie não está associada à presença ou ausência de má oclusão quando a relação molar anteroposterior é avaliada.
Violet LED in Bleaching Non-Vital Teeth: a Case Series
Authors: Gontijo Sávio Morato de Lacerda , Arantes Fernanda Novais , Barreiros Ivan Doche , Ferreira Juvenil Alves Neves Diniz , Novaes Júnior João Batista , Silami Francisca Daniele Jardilino
Published: February 2022

Objetive: The main of this study was to clinically evaluate the effectiveness of violet LED in bleaching non-vital teeth. Case series: three clinical cases were selected (1, 2 and 3), which showed changes in the colour of specific teeth to shades A2, C4 and B3, respectively. Bleaching was performed over three sessions (one session/week). Each session consisted of 20 applications of violet LED for 60 s, with a 30 s interval between them. After bleaching using violet LED, 35% hydrogen peroxide was applied for 15 min in clinical cases 2 and 3, with continuous irradiation with the violet LED in the last 5 min. The dental bleaching using violet LED resulted in teeth with shades A1, C3 and C2 in clinical cases 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The application of 35% hydrogen peroxide with the violet LED further changed the teeth to shades A2 and C1 in clinical cases 2 and 3, respectively. Conclusions: the protocol used in this case series showed that whitening with a violet LED alone should be restricted to cases requiring small colour changes.
Clareamento Dental - Verificação da Eficácia, Estabilidade de Cor e Nível de Sensibilidade
Authors: Mendes Jefferson Lucas , Dias Brenno Santiago , Silva Geovanna Caroline Brito da , Alves Layla Narrely Santos , Medeiros Francielly Lemos , Vasconcelos Marcelo Gadelha , Vasconcelos Rodrigo Gadelha
Published: February 2022

Introdução: O clareamento dental consiste em um método simples, seguro e eficaz, frequentemente solicitado por pacientes que procuram melhorias estéticas. Dentre as formas de execução, estão disponíveis a técnica caseira, em consultório ou, ainda, a combinação de ambas.  Objetivo: Verificar, através de uma revisão da literatura integrativa, quais técnicas e protocolos propiciaram melhor eficácia e estabilidade de cor, bem como as limitações e efeitos colaterais relacionados aos diferentes protocolos. Metodologia: Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura, por meio de buscas nas bases de dados PubMED/Medline, BVS e Scielo, utilizando os seguintes descritores: Tooth Bleaching, Hydrogen Peroxide, Bleaching Agents e Dentin Sensitivity. Foram incluídos estudos experimentais, publicados nos últimos cinco anos, com disponibilidade do texto de forma integral e clareza no detalhamento metodológico utilizado. Resultados: No método caseiro, o peróxido de hidrogênio (PH), em concentrações entre 4% e 10%, e o peróxido de carbamida (PC), entre 10% e 37%, demonstrou eficácia significativa no clareamento. Já o método de consultório isolado ou prévio ao tratamento caseiro, promoveu efeito clareador em uma ou duas sessões com aplicações que variaram entre 15 e 40 minutos, com PH em concentrações de até 38%.  Géis com menores concentrações provocaram menos sensibilidade dentária e irritação gengival, porém, nem sempre a cor desejada foi obtida. Conclusão: Para um tratamento eficaz é indispensável o conhecimento por parte do profissional em relação ao correto diagnóstico. Portanto, é fundamental conhecer a etiologia da mancha para assim estabelecer, de forma adequada, o tipo do gel, a sua concentração, tempo e modo de aplicação.
Avaliação do Conhecimento de Idosos sobre HIV/AIDS
Authors: Barbosa Liliane Cristina , Saliba Tânia Adas , Garbin Artênio José Ísper , Garbin Cléa Adas Saliba
Published: February 2022

Trata-se de um estudo transversal com 61 idosos frequentadores de uma associação promotora de atividade de lazer vinculada a órgão público em um município do Estado de São Paulo, cujo objetivo foi avaliar o conhecimento do idoso em relação ao HIV/Aids. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário aplicado por um único pesquisador. Dentre os investi­gados, 64% era do sexo feminino; a faixa etária predominante (50,8%) entre 60 e 69 anos e 55,7% não estavam vivendo com o companheiro. Do total, 56% possuía vida sexual ativa, porém 73,5% afirmaram não usar preservativos durante a relação sexual. Observou-se maior atividade sexual para o gênero masculino (81,8%) e entre os participantes que viviam com seus companheiros (92,6%). O não uso do preservativo esteve associado ao gênero feminino (93,8%) e ao fato de viver com o companheiro (88%). Quanto à transmissão do HIV, ainda persiste uma parcela que acredita que beijo na boca (34%); compartilhamento de copos e talheres (18%); uso do mesmo sanitário (25%) e picada de mosquito (30%) são meios de transmissão da doença. Os resultados demonstraram lacunas no conhecimento dos idosos quanto à forma de transmissão e prevenção do HIV, o que remete à vulnerabilidade e desafia a saúde pública, sendo necessário pensar em políticas de criação ou reformulação de ações em saúde para os idosos, visando, além do preenchimento destas lacunas, a contribuição para mudanças de comportamento e adoção de prática sexual segura.
Combinação de Técnicas para Harmonização Orofacial em Paciente Jovem: Relato de Caso
Authors: Haddad Marcela Filié , Silva Isadora Bernardes da , Oliveira Luiz Ricardo Santos , Ferreira Ítalo Augusto Silva
Published: February 2022

Introdução: Considerando-se os padrões estéticos impostos pela sociedade atual e o número crescente de procedimentos que visam a harmonia e as proporções das estruturas faciais, a visão ampliada da odontologia, considerando toda a estrutura orofacial além dos dentes, torna-se de extrema importância. Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar um caso clínico de harmonização orofacial em paciente jovem. Relato de caso: Na execução do presente caso, foram combinadas três técnicas: microagulhamento para melhora da textura da pele; aplicação de toxina botulínica tipo A, para amenizar marcas de expressão dinâmicas e relaxar a musculatura do mento, área de interesse para a alteração de perfil; e limitar o movimento do lábio superior, reduzindo o sorriso gengival; e aplicação de ácido hialurônico na região de mento e da deformidade do canal lacrimal. Conclusão: Após o tratamento, o perfil da paciente ficou mais harmônico e a mesma relatou grande satisfação estética e melhora da autoestima.
Diabetes Mellitus e Suas Implicações na Osteointegração de Implantes Dentários: Revisão Sistematizada da Literatura
Authors: Da Silva Edgladisson Ramos , Meneses Jales de Brito , Félix Valeriano da Silva Herrison , Alves Myllenna Nayara de França , Leite Rafaella Bastos
Published: February 2022

Introdução: Pacientes com diabetes mellitus apresentam certo comprometimento no processo de cicatrização, assim como a neoformação óssea. Objetivo: Analisar por meio de uma revisão sistemática da literatura a viabilidade da reabilitação oral por meio de implantes dentários em pacientes diagnosticados com Diabetes Mellitus. Material e método: Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática de literatura com análise de artigos no banco de dados disponíveis no Google Acadêmico, Lilacs e PubMed. Utilizaram-se os descritores “Osseointegração”, “Implantes Dentários” e “Diabetes Mellitus”. Foram selecionados textos em qualquer idioma e a sequência de acordo com a relevância. Os critérios de inclusão usados foram artigos e livros publicados entre os anos de 2016-2021, relacionados ao tema. Foram excluídos os trabalhos que não se enquadrassem à metodologia empregada. Resultados: Não há um consenso quanto ao mecanismo biológico envolvido na diabetes e suas implicações à nível ósseo quando se trata de implantes dentários e osseointegração. Sugere-sea realização de maiores pesquisas nessa temática, com um planejamento amostral adequado, para retratar mais fielmente a condição da população com esse perfil. Conclusão: dos 15 artigos selecionados dentre os 318 apresentados inicialmente, 11 trabalhos estabeleceram que o diabetes mellitus não se configura como uma contra indicação absoluta para instalação de implantes dentários, desde que o paciente esteja com seus níveis glicêmicos controlados.
Ação da Toxina Botulínica na Disfunção Temporomandibular
Authors: Ferreira Anna Alicia  Souza Cavalcante Souza , Melo Rodrigo Vilar Cavalcante , Gomes Larissa Lima , Palmeira Halberto Barbosa , Borges Cristine D'Almeida , Marcelos Priscylla Gonçalves Correia Leite de , Soares Marilia de Lima
Published: February 2022

Introdução: A toxina botulínica é utilizada na terapia da disfunção têmporo-mandibular (DTM) por ser uma técnica pouco invasiva, rápida, segura e que demonstra bons resultados. Objetivo: realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre a toxina botulínica na terapia da DTM. Materiais e métodos: Foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico nas bases de dados: Biblioteca virtual em Saúde, Bireme, LILACS, MEDLINE, PubMed e Scielo. Foram incluídos artigos que continham protocolos terapêuticos sugerindo a indicação da toxina botulínica no controle da dor de origem miogênica na DTM, publicados entre os anos de 2005 e 2019, disponíveis em versão completados na internet. E excluídos testes em animais ou com finalidade estética. Foram usados os descritores: Toxinas Botulínicas Tipo A; Síndrome da Disfunção da Articulação Temporomandibular; Tratamento Farmacológico, combinados pelo operador boleano AND. Resultados: De um universo de 104 artigos, 18 foram selecionados. Foram coletados dados como: mecanismo de ação de 6 marcas comerciais; indicações e contraindicações; tratamento da DTM; e, principais intercorrências no uso da toxina. Conclusão: A toxina botulínica deve ser utilizada de forma adicional ao tratamento multidisciplinar da DTM, pois, apesar de apresentar resultados satisfatórios e eficazes, este não pode ser o único tratamento, visto que a disfunção apresenta etiologia multifatorial.
THE LIMITS OF A LABEL: FRAMING EASTERN ASIA’S TERRITORIAL CONFLICTS FOR A U.S.-AMERICAN AUDIENCE
Authors:   Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, South Korea, Yorgason Ethan
Published: February 2022

This article explores limits to the framing power of several important short terms and phrases typically used within eastern Asia’s international politics. It conceptualises these labels as terminological frames. As frames, these terms/phrases help to set agendas, categorise, emphasise certain perspectives while excluding others from view, and ultimately shape opinions about controversial issues within international politics. Yet, I argue, the limits of frames have been insufficiently explored, especially as frames are taken to new audiences whose understanding of the broader discourses associated with the issues are weaker than that of the original audience. Do these terms still produce framing effects outside of eastern Asia? The study relied on a short survey of 800 U.S.-Americans. Respondents answered differing versions of questions relating to eastern Asian maritime politics in order to ascertain whether the wording and labels used affect evaluation of political issues. Specifically, the survey sought to determine whether use of East Sea vs. Sea of Japan, Northern Territories vs. Southern Kurils, and South China Sea vs. East Sea affected views of maritime disputes and issues relating to Korea, Japan, Russia, China/Taiwan, and Vietnam. It also explored whether an increasingly central phrase in eastern Asia’s maritime territorial disputes—“inherent territory”—presented a stronger claim than other possible phrases claiming territory. Survey results showed no statistical difference through use of one term or label over another. Thus, a certain type of limit to the power of these terminological frames was found. Nevertheless, the survey additionally demonstrated that producing framing effects required only a slight addition to the terminology, confirming the ease of framing international political issues to partisan effect.
Isolation of Cellulose-Degrading Bacteria from Luwu Timur in Oil Palm Empty Fruits Bunch
Authors: Febryanti Amalyah , Baharuddin Maswati , Rahayu Irma
Published: February 2022

The oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) is one of the solid wastes produced by industrial factories. These bunches are the habitat of cellulolytic bacteria. This study aims to identify the morphology and determine the potential microorganisms in degrading oil palm empty fruit bunches waste. The methods used in this study were isolation and observation of bacterial morphology, bacterial screening, degradation test of empty oil palm fruit bunches waste, and enzyme activity test with DNS method using UV-Vis spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 530 nm. A collection of 14 isolates were obtained from the isolation process.  We obtained 14 isolates from the sample, the largest clear zone was shown by isolate S10.   The isolate also exhibited the highest cellulose-degrading activity after 7 days incubation period with a degrading percentage of 13.27%. After incubation for 2 days, the morphological characteristics of the bacteria produced have circular and medium-sized colonies, yellow, colonies wave edges and flat colonies, elevation convex and smooth surface. The resulting enzyme activity was 0.1308 U/mL. Therefore, isolate S10 was suspected to have the potential to degrade plastic.
Development of a short-term water quality prediction model for urban rivers using real-time water quality data
Authors: Lee J. H. , Lee J. Y. , Lee M. H. , Lee M. Y. , Kim Y. W. , Hyung J. S. , Kim K. B. , Cha Y. K. , Koo J. Y.
Published: February 2022

We developed a classification model and a real-time prediction model for short-term dissolved oxygen (DO) at the junction of the Han River in Anyangcheon, where water quality accidents occur frequently. The classification model is an analysis model that derives the main factors affecting DO changes in the Anyangcheon mobile water quality monitoring network using decision tree, random forest, and XGBoost. The model identified the key factors affecting DO changes to be electrical conductivity, cumulative precipitation, total nitrogen, and water temperature. Random forest (sensitivity, 0.9962; accuracy, 0.9981) and XGBoost (sensitivity, 1.0000; accuracy, 0.9822) showed excellent classification performance. The real-time prediction model for short-term DO that we developed adopted artificial neural network (ANN), long short-term memory (LSTM), and gated recurrent unit (GRU) algorithms. LSTM (R2 = 0.93 − 0.97, first half; R2 = 0.95 − 0.96, second half) and GRU (R2 = 0.94 − 0.98, first half; R2 = 0.96 − 0.98, second half) significantly outperformed ANN (R2 = 0.64 − 0.86). The LSTM and GRU models we developed used real-time automatic measurement data, targeting urban rivers that are sensitive to water quality changes and are waterfront areas for citizens. They can quickly reflect and simulate short-term, real-time changes in water quality compared with existing static models.
Flood inundation maps using Sentinel-2: a case study in Berdan Plain
Authors: Güvel Şerife Pınar , Akgül Mehmet Ali , Aksu Hakan
Published: February 2022

This study assessed the performance of remote sensing and geographic information system techniques for analysing flood events in agricultural areas and estimating flooded areas in agricultural lands. The Berdan Plain in the southern part of Turkey is below sea level and prone to flood events. The flooded agricultural areas were estimated by using Sentinel-2 satellite data for the Berdan Irrigation Scheme from December 2019-January 2020. The flooded area in the old Aynaz marsh was estimated as 486.79 hectares on 9 January 2020, while the total flooded area in the Berdan Irrigation Project was 4,515.58 hectares. Flood volume was calculated as 2.61 hm3 and the highest water level was estimated to be −0.76 metres in the old Aynaz marsh.
Enhanced sequestration of molybdenum(VI) using composite constructed wetlands and responses of microbial communities
Authors: Chen B. , Zhou F. J. , Yang F. , Lian J. J. , Ye T. R. , Wu H. Y. , Wang L. M. , Song N. , Liu Y. Y. , Hui A. Y.
Published: February 2022

The molybdenum (Mo) non-point source pollution in the mining area has an irreversible impact on the surrounding water and soil ecosystems. Herein, three integrated vertical subsurface flow constructed wetlands (CWs) were constructed to assess the effects of combination substrates and plant on the removal of Mo(VI). Results showed that CW1 with combination substrates and cattail exhibited a favorable removal performance for Mo(VI) at 80.90%. Moreover, most Mo(VI) retained in the CWs was retained in the substrate (58.13–88.04%), and the largest fraction of Mo(VI) retained was the water-soluble fraction on the surface of the combination substrates. Mo(VI) removal was also influenced by the microbial community composition in substrate, especially their co-occurrence networks. The species that showed significant positive correlation with Mo(VI) removal were Planctomycetes, Latescibacteria, Armatimonadetes, and Gemmatimonadetes. Moreover, CWs added plants showed that more co-occurrences interaction between taxa occurs, which means that the wetlands efficiently select recruitment of potential microbial consortia and change the co-occurrences to remove pollution in the substrate. These results could be useful in providing an ecology-based solution for the treatment of Mo(VI) in wastewater, especially in adjusting the microbial communities for Mo(VI) removal at the genetic level.
Towards the long term implementation of real time control of combined sewer systems: a review of performance and influencing factors
Authors: van der Werf Job Augustijn , Kapelan Zoran , Langeveld Jeroen
Published: February 2022

Real Time Control (RTC) is widely accepted as a cost-effective way to operate urban drainage systems (UDS) effectively. However, what factors influence RTC efficacy and how this might change in the long term remains largely unknown. This paper reviews the literature to understand what these factors likely are, and how they can be assessed in the future. Despite decades of research, inconsistent definitions of the performance of RTC are used, hindering an objective and quantitative examination of the benefits and drawbacks of different control strategies with regard to their performance and robustness. Furthermore, a discussion on the changes occurring and projected to occur to UDS reveals that the potential impact of these changes on the functioning of RTC systems can be significant and should be considered in the design stage of the RTC strategy. Understanding this ‘best-before’ characteristic of an RTC strategy is the key step to ensure long term optimal functioning of the UDS. Additionally, unexplored potential for RTC systems might exist in the transitions, rehabilitation and construction of drainage systems. The research gaps highlighted here could guide the way for further development of RTC strategies, and enabling more optimal, long term implementation of RTC for urban drainage systems.
Effects of a Novel UGT2B Haplotype and UGT1A4*3 Allele Variants on Glucuronidation
of Clozapine In vivo
Authors: Smith Robert Løvsletten , Wollmann Birgit M. , Kausberg Marianne , Mæland Sondre , Tveito Marit , O’Connell Kevin , Molden Espen , Kringen Marianne Kristiansen
Published: February 2022

Background:

Glucuronidation is an important metabolic pathway of clozapine (CLZ), but the impact of
various uridine 5'diphospho-glucuronosyltransferases (UGT) polymorphisms on the exposure and metabolism of
CLZ in vivo is unclear.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of UGT2B haplotype and UGT1A4*3 allele variants
on the formation of CLZ glucuronide metabolites (5N- and N+-glucuronide) and CLZ exposure in patients’ serum
after adjusting for sex, age, and smoking habits.

Methods:

The study was based on serum samples from CLZ-treated patients (n=79) subjected to routine therapeutic
drug monitoring (TDM) at Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway. From the same patients, the following UGT
variants were genotyped using Real-Time PCR: UGT2B:GA haplotype (defined as UGT2B:GA; rs1513559A>G and
rs416593T>A) and UGT1A4*3 (rs2011425T>G). Serum concentrations of CLZ 5N- and N+-glucuronide were measured
by UPLC high-resolution mass spectrometry.

Results:

None of the genotypes had significant impact on CLZ exposure (p>0.05). However, compared to
UGT2B:AT/AT and UGT1A4*1/*1, the 5N-glucuronide exposure was reduced in UGT2B:GA/GA carriers (-75 %,
p=0.03) while the exposure was non-significantly increased in UGT1A4*3 carriers (+100 %, p=0.14), respectively.
The N+-glucuronide exposure was unchanged in UGT1A4*3 vs. noncarriers (p=0.28), but significantly reduced in
heterozygous (-50 %, p=0.016) and homozygous carriers (-70 %, p=0.021) of UGT2B:GA compared to
UGT2B:AT/AT carriers, respectively.

Conclusion:

The UGT2B:GA and UGT1A4*3 variants had no impact on CLZ exposure but were associated with
differences and preferences in CLZ glucuronidation. The latter might be of potential relevance for CLZ tolerability
since levels of the N+-glucuronide metabolite may reflect the generation and trapping of reactive metabolites involved
in CLZ-induced toxicity.