Space Viscosity and Fundamental Constants
Authors: Taheri Mohammad Ali 
Published: April 2024

Fundamental constants in physics, such as the speed of light and the gravitational constant, are usually considered to be constant over time and space. This means that their value does not change with the expansion of the universe. Constants determine all the properties and behaviors of the cosmos, and any change in them would lead to the formation of a universe with new physical characteristics. The constants of physics in an expanding universe have always been a research challenge. In this context, some models suggest these constants may vary over time due to changes in the conditions of the cosmos; however, these theories have not yet been widely accepted by the scientific community. Fundamental forces in the universe are interactions that govern the behavior of matter and energy at the most elementary level. For example, the gravitational field, which follows the universal constant of gravity, clearly demonstrates its effect on large cosmic structures. According to the theory of general relativity, gravity is the result of distortions in space-time created by mass and energy. Moreover, gravity interacts with a specific type of matter in the universe known as dark matter. In fact, from the perspective of cosmologists, it is believed that this type of matter consists of hypothetical fundamental particles that do not emit electromagnetic radiation, such as light, and can be detected through their gravitational effects on visible matter and the large-scale structure of the universe. In conventional cosmology, dark energy can also be considered as a cosmological constant, is fundamentally a characteristic of space itself, which possesses a constant negative pressure and, contrary to gravity, causes the universe to expand at an accelerating rate. Dark energy is a dynamic quantity that can vary over time and space. However, T-Consciousness Cosmology posits that space has viscosity, and does not consider it constant. In other words, this viewpoint sees gravity as a result of the contraction of space (space viscosity) caused by the mass of light matter (ordinary matter). Additionally, this perspective introduces different types of dark matter (solid-like, liquid-like, gas-like), stating that dark matter is representative of high levels of space viscosity that envelopes massive objects or galaxies. Consequently, dark matter corresponds to high space viscosity and dark energy to low space viscosity. Moreover, both dark matter and dark energy not only possess gravitational properties but also act as the glue that holds massive cosmic objects and structures together. Due to the positive pressure it exerts within the isolated spherical cosmos, dark energy is recognized as one of the factors that drive cosmic expansion, effectively counteracting gravity. T-Consciousness Cosmology introduces a viscosity coefficient of space, ranging from infinity in the Cosmic Black Hole to zero at the Terminal Edge of the Cosmos (the final stage of space Rebound). Furthermore, this perspective argues that the speed of light varies in different viscosities of space, such that in areas of high viscosity, light's frequency increases and its wavelength decreases, slowing down the speed of light, and the opposite occurs in areas of low viscosity. Consequently, the speed of light is not constant throughout the cosmos due to the variability of space viscosity. The speed of light increases significantly higher than its currently calculated speed as the cosmos approaches its final stage of Rebound. It is important to note that while the notion of variable light speed is present in mainstream science, the approach taken by T-Consciousness Cosmology is distinctively different from these theories.