bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The loss of the ‘pelvic step’ in human evolution
Authors: Thompson Nathan E. , Rubinstein Danielle , Parrella-O'Donnell William , Brett Matthew A. , Demes Brigitte , Larson Susan G. , O'Neill Matthew C.
Published: August 2021

Human bipedalism entails relatively short strides compared with facultatively bipedal primates. Unique non-sagittal-plane motions associated with bipedalism may account for part of this discrepancy. Pelvic rotation anteriorly translates the hip, contributing to bipedal stride length (i.e. the ‘pelvic step’). Facultative bipedalism in non-human primates entails much larger pelvic rotation than in humans, suggesting that a larger pelvic step may contribute to their relatively longer strides. We collected data on the pelvic step in bipedal chimpanzees and over a wide speed range of human walking. At matched dimensionless speeds, humans have 26.7% shorter dimensionless strides, and a pelvic step 5.4 times smaller than bipedal chimpanzees. Differences in pelvic rotation explain 31.8% of the difference in dimensionless stride length between the two species. We suggest that relative stride lengths and the pelvic step have been significantly reduced throughout the course of hominin evolution.
The effects of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts as probiotics on the growth performance, relative organ weight, blood parameters, and immune responses of broiler: A meta-analysis
Authors: Sjofjan Osfar , Adli Danung Nur , Harahap Rakhmad Perkasa , Jayanegara Anuraga , Utama Dicky Tri , Seruni Ainun Pizar
Published: August 2021

Introduction: The number of publications in Scopus on this topic increased from less than 50 in 1995 to more than 250 in 2015. In other hand, inconsistency in results about the correlation between yeast and lactic acid bacteria as probiotics has been evident since the early publications on use in broilers.

Methods: A meta-analysis was conducted to determine relationship between lactic acid bacteria and yeast as probiotics to broiler diets on the growth performance, relative organ weight, blood parameters, and immune response of the broiler.  A database was designed based on published data that reported the use of probiotics on the broiler. The method used for selecting articles was based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method. Articles selected were taken from PubMed, Web of science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Science direct databases as well as individual.

Results: The final database consists of 49 in vivo articles, 93 studies, and 225 treatments. The analysis statement in the system was a PROC MIXED procedure of SAS software. The level of probiotic increased (p <0.001) body weight, body weight gain, and feed intake of broiler. There was a reduction (p <0.01) on feed conversion ratio and mortality on the level probiotic given to broiler. Supplementation of probiotics in broiler diet increased (p <0.001) the weight of liver, spleen, gizzard, bursa of fabricius and carcass yield, while reduced (p<0.001) abdominal fat weight. The probiotic given increased the total of red and white blood cells (both at p < 0.001) but did not affect lymphocyte. 

Discussion: It can be concluded the yeast act as supporting agent that serves lactic acid bacteria as probiotic increases the growth performance, relative organ weight, blood parameters, and immune response of the broiler.
UKB.COVID19: an R package for UK Biobank COVID-19 data processing and analysis
Authors: Wang Longfei , Jackson Victoria E , Fearnley Liam G , Bahlo Melanie
Published: August 2021

COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in a global pandemic with a rapidly developing global health and economic crisis. Variations in the disease have been observed and have been associated with the genomic sequence of either the human host or the pathogen. Worldwide scientists scrambled initially to recruit patient cohorts to try and identify risk factors. A resource that presented itself early on was the UK Biobank (UKBB), which is investigating the respective contributions of genetic predisposition and environmental exposure to the development of disease. To enable COVID-19 studies, UKBB is now receiving COVID-19 test data for their participants every two weeks. In addition, UKBB is delivering more frequent updates of death and hospital inpatient data (including critical care admissions) on the UKBB Data Portal. This frequently changing dataset requires a tool that can rapidly process and analyse up-to-date data. We developed an R package specifically for the UKBB COVID-19 data, which summarises COVID-19 test results, performs association tests between COVID-19 susceptibility/severity and potential risk factors such as age, sex, blood type, comorbidities and generates input files for genome-wide association studies (GWAS). By applying the R package to data released in April 2021, we found that age, body mass index, socioeconomic status and smoking are positively associated with COVID-19 susceptibility, severity, and mortality. Males are at a higher risk of COVID-19 infection than females. People staying in aged care homes have a higher chance of being exposed to SARS-CoV-2. By performing GWAS, we replicated the 3p21.31 genetic finding for COVID-19 susceptibility and severity. The ability to iteratively perform such analyses is highly relevant since the UKBB data is updated frequently. As a caveat, users must arrange their own access to the UKBB data to use the R package.
A protocol for a systematic review of behaviour change techniques used in the context of stillbirth prevention
Authors: Escañuela Sánchez Tamara , Byrne Molly , Meaney Sarah , O'Donoghue Keelin , Matvienko-Sikar Karen
Published: August 2021

Background: Stillbirth is a devastating pregnancy outcome that affects approximately 3.5 per 1000 births in high-income countries. Previous research has highlighted the importance of focusing prevention efforts on targeting risk factors and vulnerable groups. A wide range of risk factors has been associated with stillbirth before, including maternal behaviours such as back sleep position, smoking, alcohol intake, illicit drug use, and inadequate attendance at antenatal care. Given the modifiable nature of these risk factors, there has been an increase in the design of behaviour change interventions targeting such behaviours to reduce the risk of stillbirth.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to identify all behavioural interventions with a behavioural component designed and trialled for the prevention of stillbirth in high-income countries, and to identify the behaviour change techniques (BCTs) used in such interventions using the Behaviour Change Techniques Taxonomy V1 (BCTTv1).

Inclusion criteria: Interventions will be included in this review if they (1) have the objective of reducing stillbirth rates with a focus on behavioural risk factors; (2) are implemented in high-income countries; (3) target pregnant women or women of childbearing age; and (4) are published in research articles.

Methods: A systematic search of the literature will be conducted. The results of the search will be screened against our inclusion criteria by two authors. The following data items will be extracted from the selected papers: general information, study characteristics, participant and intervention/approach details. The Cochrane Effective Practice and Organization of Care (EPOC) risk of bias criteria will be used to assess the methodological quality of included studies. Intervention content will be coded for BCTs as present (+) or absent (-) by two authors using the BCTTv1, discrepancies will be discussed with a third author. A narrative synthesis approach will be used to present the results of this systematic review.
Cost-effectiveness of Microsoft Academic Graph with machine learning for automated study identification in a living map of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) research
Authors: Shemilt Ian , Arno Anneliese , Thomas James , Lorenc Theo , Khouja Claire , Raine Gary , Sutcliffe Katy , Preethy D'Souza , Kwan Irene , Wright Kath , Sowden Amanda
Published: August 2021

Background: Conventionally, searching for eligible articles to include in systematic reviews and maps of research has relied primarily on information specialists conducting Boolean searches of multiple databases and manually processing the results, including deduplication between these multiple sources. Searching one, comprehensive source, rather than multiple databases, could save time and resources. Microsoft Academic Graph (MAG) is potentially such a source, containing a network graph structure which provides metadata that can be exploited in machine learning processes. Research is needed to establish the relative advantage of using MAG as a single source, compared with conventional searches of multiple databases. This study sought to establish whether: (a) MAG is sufficiently comprehensive to maintain our living map of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) research; and (b) eligible records can be identified with an acceptably high level of specificity.

Methods: We conducted a pragmatic, eight-arm cost-effectiveness analysis (simulation study) to assess the costs, recall and precision of our semi-automated MAG-enabled workflow versus conventional searches of MEDLINE and Embase (with and without machine learning classifiers, active learning and/or fixed screening targets) for maintaining a living map of COVID-19 research. Resource use data (time use) were collected from information specialists and other researchers involved in map production.

Results: MAG-enabled workflows dominated MEDLINE-Embase workflows in both the base case and sensitivity analyses. At one month (base case analysis) our MAG-enabled workflow with machine learning, active learning and fixed screening targets identified n=469 more new, eligible articles for inclusion in our living map – and cost £3,179 GBP ($5,691 AUD) less – than conventional MEDLINE-Embase searches without any automation or fixed screening targets.

Conclusions: MAG-enabled continuous surveillance workflows have potential to revolutionise study identification methods for living maps, specialised registers, databases of research studies and/or collections of systematic reviews, by increasing their recall and coverage, whilst reducing production costs.
Historical record on the Brazilian hawkmoths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) deposited in the Entomological Collection of the Museu de História Natural da Bahia (MHNBA) in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
Authors: Ramos Ramon Lima , Lopes Daniele Santos , Garcia Caroline Tito , Trindade-Santos Matheus Eduardo , Oliveira Favízia Freitas de
Published: August 2021

In this article we present the historical records of the Brazilian hawkmoths deposited in the Entomological Collection of the Museu de História Natural da Bahia (MHNBA-UFBA), including the historical Lepidoptera collection donated by Dr. Pedro de Araújo to the MHNBA-UFBA. The Sphingidae collection is composed of 243 specimens and represents 24 genera and 66 species. The historical collection consists of specimens captured between the years 1924 and 1934, and we also included to the collection specimens that were captured more recently, between 1982 and 2014. The subfamily Macroglossinae presented the greatest species richness and Smerinthinae the presented the least species richness. Of all of specimens in the collection, 151 came from São Paulo State (Brazil), 41 from Santa Catarina State, 50 from Bahia State and only one from Pernambuco State. Three topotypes were identified in the collection, namely: Eumorpha translineatus (Rothschild, 1895), Xylophanes crenulata Vaglia & Haxaire, 2009 and Xylophanes alineae Haxaire & Mielke, 2018.
La identidad mediática de Francisco de Asís de Borbón
Authors: Colás Loricera Félix
Published: August 2021

Los medios de comunicación representan imágenes, entre ellas, las del colectivo lgtbq que pueden perdurar en el imaginario social y forjar los procesos de creación de identidades personales. La participación de Francisco de Asís de Borbón en la publicación periodística Los Borbones en pelota siguió las líneas de representación de las masculinidades disidentes del siglo xix. El rey es visible en 36 de las 102 imágenes que conforman la colección. El propósito de este artículo es trazar líneas de conexión entre las representaciones presentes en las viñetas, la disidencia de género de Francisco y las publicaciones divulgativas y académicas actuales sobre su vida. Para esto, se ha trabajado con las 36 imágenes en un análisis que aúna fuentes primarias y secundarias relativas a la biografía de Francisco de Asís, en un marco metodológico teórico queer y el análisis de contenidos. Como conclusión, se infiere que las viñetas fomentaron estereotipos que marcaron la biografía de Francisco, incluso en publicaciones recientes. A pesar de los cambiantes contextos y voluntades, se mantienen ideas contradictorias y cierto desconocimiento general como marcadores de la identidad mediática del rey consorte, lo que hace necesario y enriquecedor traer estos perfiles al centro del análisis.
Sequential Shortest Path Interdiction with Incomplete Information and Limited Feedback
Authors: Yang Jing , Borrero Juan S. , Prokopyev Oleg A. , Sauré Denis
Published: August 2021

We study sequential shortest path interdiction, where in each period an interdictor with incomplete knowledge of the arc costs blocks at most [Formula: see text] arcs, and an evader with complete knowledge about the costs traverses a shortest path between two fixed nodes in the interdicted network. In each period, the interdictor, who aims at maximizing the evader’s cumulative cost over a finite time horizon, and whose initial knowledge is limited to valid lower and upper bounds on the costs, observes only the total cost of the path traversed by the evader, but not the path itself. This limited information feedback is then used by the interdictor to refine knowledge of the network’s costs, which should lead to better decisions. Different interdiction decisions lead to different responses by the evader and thus to different feedback. Focusing on minimizing the number of periods it takes a policy to recover a full information interdiction decision (that taken by an interdictor with complete knowledge about costs), we show that a class of greedy interdiction policies requires, in the worst case, an exponential number of periods to converge. Nonetheless, we show that under less stringent modes of feedback, convergence in polynomial time is possible. In particular, we consider different versions of imperfect randomized feedback that allow establishing polynomial expected convergence bounds. Finally, we also discuss a generalization of our approach for the case of a strategic evader, who does not necessarily follow a shortest path in each period.
Targeted Advertising and Consumer Inference
Authors: Shin Jiwoong , Yu Jungju
Published: August 2021

This paper investigates how consumers might form inferences from the mere fact that they observe a targeted ad and how firms facing these consumer must choose targeting strategy optimally under competition.
Market Orchestrators: The Effects of Certification on Platforms and Their Complementors
Authors: Rietveld Joost , Seamans Robert , Meggiorin Katia
Published: August 2021

We study how a multisided platform’s decision to certify a subset of its complementors affects those complementors and ultimately the platform itself. Kiva, a microfinance platform, introduced a social performance badging program in December 2011. The badging program appears to have been beneficial to Kiva—it led to more borrowers, lenders, total funding, and amount of funding per lender. To better understand the mechanisms behind this performance increase, we study how the badging program changed the bundle of products offered by Kiva’s complementors. We find that Kiva’s certification leads badged microfinance institutions to reorient their loan portfolio composition to align with the certification and that the extent of portfolio reorientation varies across microfinance institutions, depending on underlying demand- and supply-side factors. We further show that certified microfinance institutions that do align their loan portfolios enjoy stronger demand-side benefits than do certified microfinance institutions that do not align their loan portfolios. We therefore demonstrate that platforms can influence the product offerings and performance of their complementors—and, subsequently, the performance of the ecosystem overall—through careful enactment of governance strategies, a process we call “market orchestration.”
Spontaneous Early Intraprosthetic Dislocation of 22 mm Skirted Femoral Head in Dual Mobility Hip Prosthesis: A Case Report
Authors: Sidhu Gur Aziz Singh , Kotecha Amit , Mulay Sanjay , Ashwood Neil
Published: August 2021

Introduction: There is a trend for increasing use of dual mobility hip designs for both primary and revision hip arthroplasty settings. It provides dual articular surfaces along with increased jump distance to increase the stability of construct. However, this design has some unique complications of its own which surgeons should be aware of especially intraprosthetic dislocation (IPD).
Case Report: A 76-year-old lady presented to clinic with painful hip hemiarthroplasty after fracture neck of femur. She underwent revision surgery with dual mobility uncemented acetabular cup and femoral stem was retained as it was well fixed. She was mobilizing well and around 5 weeks post her surgery, developed pain in hip region and difficulty in weight-bearing. Radiographs showed eccentric position of femoral neck in the socket. A diagnosis of IPD was established and revision surgery was planned. Intraoperatively, metal head had dislocated from the polyethylene head and both components were resting in the acetabular socket. No macroscopic erosion of acetabulum was noticed. The polyethylene component and femoral head were retrieved. With previous failed dual mobility, decision was made to achieve stability with larger head size and lipped liner posteriorly.
Conclusion: IPD is a rare occurrence and unique complication to dual mobility implants. This report highlights that patients can have IPD without fall or trauma.
Keywords: Intraprosthetic dislocation, dual mobility cup, dislocation, total hip replacement.
Triggering of Thumb by a Ganglion Cyst of the Flexor Tendon Sheath at A1 Pulley: A Case Report
Authors: Altaf Warid , Attarde Dheeraj , Sancheti Parag , Shyam Ashok
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Ganglions of the wrist and hand are commonly seen but the most common sites are in the dorsum of the wrist followed by the volar side in the distal forearm at the wrist crease. The Ganglion cysts arising from the flexor tendon sheath are rare and only a few are reported in the literature.
Case Report: We report a rare case of a ganglion cyst of the flexor tendon sheath at A1 pulley of thumb in a 35-year-old male who came with the complaint of chronic triggering of the left thumb. The histopathological examination confirmed the ganglion which was removed from the A1 pulley area.
Conclusion: A1 pulley ganglion causing trigger thumb is uncommon entity. Although, traditional treatment for this is conservative or aspiration. High recurrence is observed. When it comes to preservation of fine movements such as thumb, aggressive approach involving exploration and excision of cyst gives good functional outcome and reduces chance of recurrence.
Keywords: Ganglions, hand, tendon sheath, pulley.
Giant Cell Tumor (GCT) of the Third Metatarsal in an Elderly Patient: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Mahajan Neetin P , Sadar Amey , Kumar G S Prasanna , Marfatia Ankit , Sangma Sunny M , Kondewar Pranay
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Giant cell tumour (GCT) is a benign osteolytic, locally aggressive lesion. Seen in young adults at the epiphysis. The most common site is long bones (85-90%). GCT of the metatarsal in elderly patients is very rare.
Case Report: A 60-year-old male came with complaints of pain and swelling over right foot dorsal aspect since for the last past one 1 year. There was no history of trauma. X-ray foot showed an osteolytic lesion in the right third metatarsal with thinning of the cortex. MRI and fine-needle aspiration cytology confirmed the diagnosis of GCT. The patient was managed by excision with the 3rd ray amputation. At present, 1.5 years follow-up, the patient is having no pain, difficulty in walking and no evidence of clinical and radiological recurrence .
Conclusion: Giant cell tumours could also present at uncommon sites, and they should be considered in the differential diagnosis of lytic lesions of the metatarsals. Excision with ray amputation of the involved metatarsal helps in complete removal of the lesion and helps in early weight-bearing. This is the viable alternative treatment option in managing the metatarsal GCT in elderly patients.
Keywords: Giant cell tumour, third metatarsal, ray amputation.
Arthroscopic Excision of an Intra-articular Osteoid Osteoma in the Trochlear Notch of Ulna – A Case Report
Authors: Sridharan Rajsirish Bellal , Rajagopalan Sridhar Gopal , Rajagopalan Senthilvelan , Sundaresan Nithin , James Boblee
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Osteoid osteoma (OO) is a benign osteoblastic skeletal lesion commonly affecting the diaphysis of long bones. Intra-articular lesions, which present with atypical symptoms, are uncommon and elbow joint involvement is only rarely reported. Conservative treatment is ineffective and surgical excision or ablation is the therapeutic goal in symptomatic patients. Minimally invasive surgery is gaining popularity as a less morbid alternative in joints as opposed to open surgical excision. Herein, we report the first arthroscopic excision of an intra-articular OO involving the trochlear notch of ulna.
Case Report: A 30-year-old man presented with chronic pain and stiffness of his dominant right elbow limiting his routine activities despite treatment with analgesics. Right elbow joint showed features of moderate effusion and X-ray was normal. Computed tomography revealed an OO in the trochlear notch of ulna breaching the cortex. He underwent arthroscopic en bloc excision of the lesion followed by decompression of the surrounding sclerotic bone and radiofrequency ablation of the base. At 6th month follow-up, the patient was asymptomatic with full range of motion at elbow.
Conclusion: Periarticular OO is a debilitating illness with atypical clinical and radiological features with no response to medical treatment. Although curative, open surgical excision often adds to the morbidity in the postoperative period. Growing experience in elbow arthroscopy has made minimally invasive surgery a safe low morbid alternative procedure. However, a precise knowledge of the instrumentation and anatomy is essential to avoid incomplete excision and recurrence with arthroscopic approach.
Keywords: Osteoid osteoma, elbow, arthroscopy, stiffness, inflammatory arthritis, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Long-standing case of osteochondromatosis of the hip treated with uncemented modular bipolar hemiarthroplasty: A case report
Authors: Pawar Eknath D , Gupta Devanshu , Sharma Arohi , Varekar Shashibushan S , Chobing Habung
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Synovial chondromatosis is a rare synovial disorder characterized by the presence of benign loose bodies in the joint space. The affliction of the hip joint is rare. This entity usually goes undiagnosed as it is largely asymptomatic till complications such as secondary osteoarthritis secondary to degenerative changes, subluxation of hip, and fracture neck of femur ensue.
Case Report: A 46-year-old farmer presented with a 9-year long history of the left hip pain with restriction in flexion, extension, and internal rotation. He was diagnosed with synovial chondromatosis and had a history of undergoing arthroscopic debridement following which he was asymptomatic but relapsed after 6 months. We performed excision with uncemented modular bipolar hemiarthroplasty after confirming the diagnosis on plain radiographs and computed tomography. Significant recovery in the range of motion was noted postoperatively and the patient showed no signs of relapse in the follow-up period of 18 months.
Conclusion: Treatment of synovial chondromatosis of the hip joint poses a challenge due to its complex anatomy.
Keywords: Synovial chondromatosis, arthroplasty, hip joint
Case Report on Sleeve Avulsion of Patella in Young Adult
Authors: Quraishi Faheem , Khan Iram , Quraishi A. G.
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Sleeve avulsion of patella is extremely rare, limited almost to children. However, few cases have been reported in adults. Rarity of this fracture makes the diagnosis and choice of treatment difficult. Inability to raise leg remains important clinical sign for quadriceps mechanism insufficiency. In the absence of standard treatment guidelines pullout sutures through patella provides a secure and stable fixation option. Our case remains the first to be reported ever in English literature in a 23-year-old male with a superior pole avulsion patella being treated with Krakow pullout suture.
Case Report: A 23-year-old Indian male was admitted with left knee pain and swelling following fall from bike. He had knee pain, swelling, and inability to bear weight. Active straight leg raising was not possible. On X-ray he had small bony sleeve visible near proximal pole of patella. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was done which showed sleeve avulsion of patella at proximal pole. Under spinal anesthesia fracture was exposed through midline approach. Pullout Krakow sutures were taken through quadriceps tendon and fracture fragments using 3 no Polyester suture. Transosseous tunnels were drilled in patella and tied distally. At 4 months patient had no extension lag with full range of movements. At 14 months follow-up patient is asymptomatic and able to run, squat, sit cross legged, and do his day-to-day activities.
Conclusion: Sleeve avulsion of patella in adults is extremely rare with only few cases reported in literature. MRI is not only useful for diagnosis but also for deciding treatment modality. Krackow technique with Polyester suture through quadriceps tendon incorporating fracture fragment passed through patellar transosseous tunnel provides secure fixation with excellent results. Also avoids any future hardware problems in this subcutaneous bone.
Keywords: Sleeve avulsion, Krakow suture, pull out technique.
Case Report of Osteopoikilosis: Sparse Cause of Bone Pain and Mimicker of Metastasis on Radiographs
Authors: Panchal Sameer R. , Gawhale Sangeet , Shah Nadir Z. , Mohanty Tapas
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Osteopoikilosis (OPK) is an extremely rare benign condition with autosomal dominant inheritance characterized by sclerosing bony dysplasia with multiple benign enostoses. It is characterized by symmetrically distributed numerous, small, well-defined, homogenous circular or ovoid radiodensities clustered in epiphysis and metaphysis of long bones in periarticular region, and in some cases diffusely present throughout axial and appendicular skeleton. There is no age and sex predilection; age at the time of diagnosis ranges from 15 to 60 years. It is usually asymptomatic but rarely in 15–20% patients slight juxta-articular pain and joint effusions can be seen. These are incidental radiological findings in most of the cases, also sometimes confused as bony metastasis. There are no specific clinical features; histological features are similar to bony island and it may be associated with connective tissue disorders, synovial osteochondromatosis, and a rare bone condition melorheostosis.
Case Report: We present a case of OPK in a 32-year-old male with bilateral hip and shoulder pain, based on the available literature and focus on clinical significance, due to its mimicking capability of other more severe conditions such as bone metastases and an extremely uncommon cause of bone pain.
Conclusion: OPK is an uncommon hereditary condition involving juxta-articular region of long bones with intricate etiopathogenesis, often discovered incidentally on radiographs. It is characterized by multiple, symmetrical ovoid radiodensities, and in most instances confused with osteoblastic metastasis. This concludes that OPK is a condition that should be kept in mind to avoid misdiagnosis, in particular osteoblastic metastasis and undue distress to both the patients and doctors.
Keywords: Osteopoikilosis, melorheostosis, bone metastases
Traumatic Elbow Arthrotomy Pediatric Case Report: The Saline Load Test is a Reliable Method of Detection
Authors: Kupchick Tyler D. , Carl Jacob , Wall Eric
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Lacerations and open elbow injuries are common emergency department visits which necessitate an orthopedic surgery evaluation for a traumatic elbow arthrotomy (TEA). A delay in this diagnosis can lead to septic arthritis, requiring more invasive surgical procedures, prolonged antibiotics, and possible long-term sequelae. To date, there is scarce literature on TEA. The purpose of this case report is to better educate the orthopedic community on a reliable method of detection for a TEA, including pediatric patients.
Case Report: Case 1 – Twelve-year-old boy sustained a traumatic dog bite to the right elbow by a large stray dog. Evaluation in the emergency department revealed five 1 centimeter or smaller lacerations over the lateral elbow and another 1 cm laceration to the volar and proximal forearm. A saline load test (SLT) was performed from a posterior approach and was positive after 20cc of normal saline was injected into the joint. An arthroscopic irrigation and debridement were performed as definitive treatment. He was discharged with Augmentin BID for 7 days. Follow-up appointments at 1 and 4 weeks post-operatively revealed no signs of infection. Case 2 – Seven-year-old boy who was in a bicycle accident and sustained a large laceration over the posterior elbow. Evaluation in the emergency department revealed an approximately 15 by 4 cm laceration over the posterior elbow. A SLT was positive after 30cc’s was injected from the anterolateral approach. He underwent arthroscopic irrigation and debridement as definitive treatment and was discharged home with Cephalexin BID for 7 days. Follow-up appointments at 1 and 4 weeks post-operatively showed no signs of infection.
Conclusion: Performing a SLT is a reliable method of detection to evaluate for a TEA. Our case report demonstrated confirmation of TEA in two pediatric patients based on positive SLT. We were able to treat these injuries appropriately with early surgical intervention and prophylactic anti
Sacral Chordoma with Bilateral Inguinal Lymph Node Metastasis and Metachronous Tumor of the Clivus: A Case Report
Authors: MS Elghareeb Dr. Manal , YY Abd Allah Dr. Mona , S Abdallah Dr. Sieza , R Eldesoky Dr. Ahmed , AF Halim Dr. Amal
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Chordoma is a malignant neoplasm that arises from notochord remnants. Its incidence is highest above the age of 50 and behaves as a locally aggressive tumor with a slow growth rate. In most cases, complete surgical resection followed by radiotherapy offers the best chance of control. Developing metachronous tumors or distant metastasis is uncommon.
Case Report: A 56-year-old male patient of sacral chordoma was treated by surgery and radiotherapy. He developed later bilateral inguinal lymph node metastasis and metachronous clivus chordoma.
Conclusion: Chordomas are rare. Multiplicity of primary disease and distant metastasis could happen, so regular follow-up is warranted and more effective therapeutic modalities are needed.
Keywords: Chordoma, sacrococcygeal tumors, notochord tumors, lymph node metastasis, clivus tumors.
Single-stage Distal Radius Dome Osteotomy with Ulnar Diaphyseal Shortening and Distal Ulnar Epiphysiodesis in A Case of Manus Valgus Deformity Secondary to Post-Traumatic Physeal Growth Arrest – A Case Report
Authors: Sinha Sarkar Aniruddha , Bandyopadhyay Ranadeb , Guha Niyogi Pathikrit
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Distal radius physeal growth arrest in children secondary to trauma is a rare complication. Various modalities of surgical treatment exist. Correction of severe deformity by a single-stage surgery is rare in current literature. We describe a case of surgically treated post-traumatic manus valgus deformity in an adolescent female with a satisfactory surgical outcome.
Case Report: A 13-year-old right-hand dominant girl presented to us with a painless, gradually progressive left wrist deformity for the past 3 years. She sustained a left wrist injury 3.5 years back for which she received native treatment. She was able to do most of her daily activities and cosmetic disability was her primary concern. She had a 20° fixed radial deviation deformity with further radial deviation up to 60°. Forearm rotation was from 70° supination to 60° pronation. Her pre-operative Mayo Modified Wrist Score was 25/10/10/25/70 (Pain/Satisfaction/Range of motion/Grip strength/Total). Radiologically, there was the obliteration of lateral distal radial physis with overgrowth of medial physis. Distal ulnar physeal overgrowth led to positive ulnar variance. Radiologically, the magnitude of deformity was 43° manus valgus (+24° radial inclination). We performed dome osteotomy at distal radius metaphysis with distal radius plating through modified Henry approach. Simultaneous ulnar diaphyseal shortening osteotomy with plate fixation was done through a dorsal approach and distal ulnar epiphysiodesis was done by physeal drilling to prevent future overgrowth. At 13 months follow-up, the wrist has clinically no deformity and radiologically 5° manus valgus (+24° radial inclination). Both the osteotomy sites have united and ulnar variance is restored. Now, her ulnar deviation was 20° and radial deviation was 30°. Her forearm rotational arc was maintained. Mayo Modified Wrist Score was 25/25/10/25/85 (Pain/Satisfaction/Range of motion/Grip strength/Total) with no hindrance of daily activity.
Seymour’s Fracture in a 13-years-old Child: A Case Report
Authors: Khairnar Tarang S. , Patwardhan Sandeep A. , Sodhai Vivek M. , Shyam Ashok K. , Sancheti Parag K.
Published: August 2021

Introduction: A nail bed injury concomitant with an underlying physeal injury of the distal phalanx is termed as “Seymour’s fracture.” These are seemingly innocuous injuries commonly misdiagnosed and are subsequently under-treated. These injuries demand treatment like an open fracture to prevent complications such as infection, growth arrest, and nail dystrophies.
Case Report: A 13-year-old boy suffered Seymour’s fracture of the left ring finger distal phalanx after a direct injury from a dodge ball. The fracture was treated with thorough debridement with normal saline, physeal injury reduction through the wound, and fixation with k-wire passed through the tip of the ring finger, metaphysic, physis, and the tip of the k-wire ending in the epiphysis of the distal phalanx. The nail bed was sutured with 3–0 monofilament absorbable sutures. The fracture healed at 3 months and a 1-year follow-up showed a completely formed nail without any deformity.
Conclusion: Excellent outcome was observed with debridement of the wound, nail bed repair, and fixation with k-wire in our case. Nail bed injuries in children should be treated with a high index of suspicion for Seymour’s fracture as it necessitates treatment like that of an open fracture to avoid complications.
Keywords: Mallet finger, Nail bed injury, Open fracture, Physeal injury, Seymour’s fracture.
Giant Cell Tumor of the Femoral Head: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Elbardesy Hany , Sheridan G. A. , Guerin S.
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Giant cell tumors (GCTs) of the bone are uncommon primary bone neoplasms that occur mainly in the epiphysis of long bones. GCT of the femoral head is rarely encountered.
Case Report: We report a rare case of GCT of the femoral head in a 20-year-old female. The patient presented with pathological fracture. The patient underwent total hip arthroplasty (THA). The aim of this paper is to present a case study with pathological fracture of the femoral head and to report the results of a literature review.
Conclusion: The treatment of choice for GCT of the proximal femur is a hip arthroplasty with either a standard THA for small confined tumors or endoprosthesis insertion for more extensive tumors. Joint preserving procedures have a high revision rate (47.06%). Denosumab has been tried as a neoadjuvant treatment with some success in certain cases.
Keywords: Giant cell tumor, pathological fracture, arthroplasty.
Pediatric Femoral Neck Fractures after Sliding in a Water Slide: A Case Report of Two Patients
Authors: Rinat Barak , Bor Noam , Dujovny Eytan , Rozen Nimrod , Rubin Guy
Published: August 2021

Introduction: In contrast to adults, fractures of the neck of femur in children are relatively rare. The commonly described mechanism of injury is high energy trauma. Treatment options are almost always surgical. Prognosis, which entails relatively high rates of complications, varies with specific anatomic location, time to surgery, and reduction quality.
Case Report: We describe two cases of 10- and 12-year-old girls who suffered a fracture of the neck of the femur, Delbet Type II and Type III, respectively, due to a suspected hyper-abduction injury while sliding on a water slide. Both patients were treated surgically, with the younger one developing signs of femoral head avascular necrosis a year postoperatively.
Conclusion: Children with pain and an inability to bear weight after water sliding together with an adult companion at their backs should raise suspicion among medical staff of a femoral neck fracture. Prompt pediatric orthopedic consultation and treatment are needed in case of fracture diagnosis to reduce the risk of complications.
Keywords: Avascular necrosis, child, femoral neck fracture.
Cantilever deflection optical fiber sensor based on a chirped fiber
grating Fabry–Perot cavity
Authors: Xie Zhanwu , Yan Haitao , Zhang Hongtao , Zhao Xiaoyan , Han Daofu
Published: August 2021

A cantilever deflection fiber-optic sensor based on chirped fiber grating (CFG)
Fabry–Perot (FP) cavity had been proposed and experimental
demonstrated. Two CFBGs with the same chirped coefficient direction
and grating parameters are written in one single-mode fiber by UV mask
exposure to form the CFG-FP cavity. The central wavelength of two CFGs
is 1549.6072 nm, the 3 dB bandwidth is 2.9897 nm, and the physical
cavity length of two CFGs is 1 cm. The grating region of two CFGs are
straightness fixed on a cantilever beam, forming a sensor. Then the
optical properties of this sensor are tested with different stresses
at different positions of the cantilever beam. The experimental
results show that this sensor can obtain linear displacement of a
cantilever beam, overcoming the abilities of the FBG sensor, which
only performed point measurement defect. The wavelength drift
sensitivity of the sensor is 2.31 pm/g, and linearity is 0.99916. This
sensor has great application value in the precise measurement of
cantilever beam type and two-dimensional scale strain.
High-speed temporal and spatial beam-shaping combining active and passive elements
Authors: Linden John , Cohen Sharona , Berg Yuval , Peled Itay , Kotler Zvi , Zalevsky Zeev
Published: August 2021

Temporal and spatial shaping of laser beams is common in laser micromachining applications to improve quality and throughput. However, dynamic beam shaping (DBS) of ultrashort, high-power pulses at rates of hundreds of kHz has been challenging. Achieving this allows for full synchronization of the beam shape with high repetition rates, high-power lasers with zero delay time. Such speeds must manipulate the beam shape at a rate that matches the nanosecond to microsecond process dynamics present in laser ablation. In this work, we present a novel design capable of alternating spatial and temporal beam shapes at repetition rates up to 330 kHz for conventional spatial profiles and temporal shaping at nanosecond timescales. Our method utilizes a unique multi-aperture diffractive optical element combined with two acousto-optical deflectors. These high damage threshold elements allow the proposed method to be easily adapted for high power ultrashort lasers at various wavelengths. Moreover, due to the combination of the elements mentioned, no realignment or mechanical movements are required, allowing for high consistency of quality for high throughput applications.
Radiative heat and momentum transfer from materials with broken symmetries: opinion
Authors: Pajovic Simo , Tsurimaki Yoichiro , Qian Xin , Boriskina Svetlana V.
Published: August 2021

Broken inversion and time reversal symmetries affect the electromagnetic wave modes supported by continuous media, which in turn governs thermal radiation and enables control of radiative heat, linear momentum, and angular momentum transfer. We identify opportunities for exploring thermal radiation in inversion symmetry- and time reversal symmetry-breaking materials and compare and contrast radiative transport phenomena in these systems, especially nonreciprocity. Application of these phenomena can lead to novel methods of thermal management, tunability, and object manipulation at short length scales.
E-Government und Datensouveränität – Einblicke und Lösungsansätze
Authors: Heine Moreen , Wessel Daniel
Published: August 2021

Die Digitalisierung hat alle Lebensbereiche erreicht – so auch den öffentlichen Sektor. Um bequeme E‑Government-Angebote bereitstellen zu können, müssen bürgerbezogene Daten zwischen Verwaltungen geteilt werden. Gleichzeitig verfolgen viele Kommunen Smart-City-Strategien und sind dabei auch auf den Zugang zu Daten der Bürger angewiesen. Damit stellt die Digitalisierung und Digitale Transformation im öffentlichen Sektor zunehmend mehr Anforderungen an die Datensouveränität der Bürger. Im privaten Bereich geschieht dieses Teilen und die Weitergabe von Daten häufig unreflektiert oder wenig informiert. Zwar stimmen viele Personen zu, dass ihnen Datenschutz wichtig sei, diese Einstellung zeigt sich allerdings oft nicht im Verhalten (Privacy Paradox). Ziel des Beitrags ist es, basierend auf aktueller Forschung, für die Datensouveränität relevante Eigenschaften von Websites im privaten und öffentlichen Kontext anhand von exemplarischen Fällen zu beschreiben. Unterschieden wird dabei zwischen öffentlichen Angeboten (z. B. Bürgerportale von Kommunen), besonders regulierten Angeboten (z. B. Portale von Banken und Versicherungen) und privaten Angeboten, deren Geschäftsmodell darauf beruht, möglichst umfangreiche Daten über ihre Nutzer zu sammeln (z. B. Soziale Netzwerke). Ziel ist es, Eigenschaften der Websites zu erfassen, die Auswirkungen auf die Datensouveränität auf Nutzerseite haben können und Gestaltungsempfehlungen zur Erhöhung der Datensouveränität, insbesondere für den öffentlichen Sektor, abzuleiten.
Morocco as a possible source for acquisition of Rhinocladiella mackenziei
Authors: Lafont Rapnouil Baptiste , Cohen Jérémie F. , Bailly Eric , Bernard Louis , Garcia-Hermoso Dea , Lanternier Fanny , Horodyckid Catherine , Limousin Lucie , Salamé Ephrem , Zemmoura Ilyess , Desoubeaux Guillaume , Lortholary Olivier
Published: August 2021

Rhinocladiella mackenziei cerebral phaeohyphomycosis is a rare severe disease that has been typically described in the Middle East. Here, we report 2 cases of R. mackenziei cerebral phaeohyphomycosis in patients from Morocco, diagnosed and treated in France, and raise a concern about the ever-going extension of the area at risk for this devastating invasive fungal infection.
Perceived subjective versus objective knowledge: Consumer valuation of genetically modified certification on food producing plants
Authors: Rihn Alicia , Khachatryan Hayk , Wei Xuan
Published: August 2021

Previous research has identified subjective and objective knowledge as determinants of consumers’ acceptance of genetically modified organisms (GMO) in the medical and food industries. In contrast to a large body of literature on the effects of attitudes or knowledge on food preferences, the extent to which consumers’ knowledge affects their valuation of non-GMO food producing plants (i.e., plants grown for food or ornamental purposes) is less understood. This manuscript investigates the relationship between consumers’ knowledge of relevant non-GMO certification programs and their acceptance and willingness-to-pay (WTP) for non-GMO plants. The first study used an Internet respondent panel and choice experiment, while the second study utilized an in-person experimental auction. In line with previously reported low public acceptance of genetically modified food products, respondents were receptive of and willing to pay premiums for non-GMO food producing plants. This study found that subjective and objective knowledge impacted the premiums for non-GMO labels, with the high subjective and low objective knowledge group generating the highest WTP. Low subjective and low objective knowledge resulted in the lowest WTP. Findings suggest a disconnect between subjective and objective knowledge of non-GMO certification programs, which in turn influences consumer valuation of those products.
Global distribution of sporadic sapovirus infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Diez Valcarce Marta , Kambhampati Anita K. , Calderwood Laura E. , Hall Aron J. , Mirza Sara A. , Vinjé Jan
Published: August 2021

Acute gastroenteritis (AGE), characterized by diarrhea and vomiting, is an important cause of global mortality, accounting for 9% of all deaths in children under five years of age. Since the reduction of rotavirus in countries that have included rotavirus vaccines in their national immunization programs, other viruses such as norovirus and sapovirus have emerged as more common causes of AGE. Due to widespread use of real-time RT-PCR testing, sapovirus has been increasingly reported as the etiologic agent in both AGE outbreaks and sporadic AGE cases. We aimed to assess the role of sapovirus as a cause of endemic AGE worldwide by conducting a systematic review of published studies that used molecular diagnostics to assess the prevalence of sapovirus among individuals with AGE symptoms. Of 106 articles included, the pooled sapovirus prevalence was 3.4%, with highest prevalence among children <5 years of age (4.4%) and among individuals in community settings (7.1%). Compared to studies that used conventional RT-PCR, RT-qPCR assays had a higher pooled prevalence (5.6%). Among individuals without AGE symptoms, the pooled sapovirus prevalence was 2.7%. These results highlight the relative contribution of sapovirus to cases of AGE, especially in community settings and among children <5 years of age.