bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The driver of global agricultural value chains: Evidence from 6 ASEAN Countries
Authors: Irhamna Ariyo Dharma Pahla , Firdaus Muhammad , Arifin Bustanul , Ratnawati Anny
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the drivers of global agricultural value chain (GAVC) participation in six ASEAN countries: Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. Employing panel geographically weighted regression, the paper analyzes the spatial heterogeneity of factors influencing global agricultural value chain participation. Our findings reveal significant variations in the impact of tariffs, FDI, agricultural land area, inland waters, and trade balance across countries. Tariffs emerge as a crucial factor in enhancing competitiveness in Indonesia, Singapore, and Thailand, aligning with trade theory. FDI positively influences Malaysia's global agricultural value chain participation, emphasizing attracting foreign investment. Agricultural land area plays a pivotal role in Indonesia and Thailand, highlighting the significance of resource endowments. Inland waters contribute significantly to agriculture in the Philippines, while their impact in Indonesia suggests potential inefficiencies in water management. Trade balance in food products positively affects global agricultural value chain involvement in Thailand and Vietnam. These findings underscore the need for tailored policies to address the unique characteristics of each ASEAN country. Future research should explore the long-term implications of these factors and consider broader socio-economic and environmental contexts. 
Unification of Law in the Marriage and Divorce Processes of the Dayak Ngaju Muslim Communities in Central Kalimantan
Authors: Tarantang Jefry , Sururie Ramdani Wahyu , Fautanu Idzam
Published: February 2025

This research is a reflection of thoughts on the practice of marriage, and It examines the practices of marriage and divorce in the Dayak Ngaju tradition in Central Kalimantan. In practice, researchers found unification to be carried out autonomously in the legal system. This unification reflects a communal belief that integrates the customary law system, the positive law system, and Islamic law, particularly for Muslim communities. This study uses a non-doctrinal, empirical approach. The origin of the idea of ​​unification of the legal system was motivated by a reflection of legal thought, which found the existence of a unification of three legal systems that work respectively and have a compatibility between the legal culture of living law, formal law, and maṣlahah. The essence of the thought of unification of the legal system is evidence of new insights or a new paradigm of factual elaboration and elaboration of norms in Dayak Ngaju customary marriage and divorce. However, the implementation of Dayak Ngaju’s traditional marriage and divorce, in practice, has become a living law in the society. It means that the modern legal-positivist paradigm is unable to replace the naturalist paradigm, but both are believed by the community to be able to bring the parties towards the philosophical goal of law, namely peace (maṣlahah).
Navigating Early Marriages: A Methodological Breakthrough in Family Resilience Measurement
Authors: Qomaro Galuh Widitya , Nasrulloh Nasrulloh , Hasyim Muh. Fathoni , Nur Iffatin
Published: February 2025

This article explores early marriage in Madura. Early marriage causes psychological problems and physical and material losses that are not in line with the purpose of family formation in Islam. Using a mixed method approach, this article utilizes questionnaires, interviews, observations, and documentation obtained using Structural Equation Modeling with the Partial Least Square approach equipped with qualitative analysis. The achievement of family formation goals is measured using Maqāsid Al-Usrah indicators by Jamal Al-Din 'Atiyah Muhammad. The measurement results indicate that early marriage families in the Madura Muslim community achieve family formation goals to ensure human life continuity, regulate male-female relationships, maintain lineage clarity, and preserve religiosity within the family. At a methodological level, this research contributes to various models for measuring family resilience in establishing and building a family. Based on reliability and validity tests, all indicators of maqāsid al-usrah’s Jamal Al-Din ‘Atiyah Muhammad are declared valid and reliable so that they can be used to measure the achievement of family formation goals in other subjects in further research studies.
Performing Curative Medical Experiments on Incurable Patients: Between Islamic Jurisprudence and the Laws of the Middle East
Authors: Hammad Hamza Abed AlKarim
Published: February 2025

This study aims to elucidate the Islamic jurisprudential and legal ruling on conducting curative medical experiments on incurable patients. The study found it appropriate to divide those experiments into two parts. Firstly, medical experiments on incurable patients to secure a cure for the illness from which they suffer. Secondly, Medical experiments on incurable individuals produce a cure for an illness from which they do not suffer. The present study adopted the descriptive method grounded in describing the issue and then comparing and analyzing the jurisprudential opinions leading to the chosen opinion. The Study concluded that Emirati and Jordanian Laws and Islamic jurisprudence find it permissible to conduct medical treatment experiments underpinned by a set of parameters and restrictions.
Machine Learning-Based Crop Yield Prediction for Sustainable Agriculture in Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Abate Jemal , Aman Araba , Adem Dima
Published: February 2025

This study focuses on developing a machine learning-based crop yield prediction model suitable for agricultural conditions in Eastern Ethiopia, presents research that has taken cognizance of the fact that agriculture occupies the leading role in the economy through providing a source of livelihood for most Ethiopians and being one of the main contributors to the nation's GDP. Thus, addressing challenges such as low productivity and food insecurity induced by climate change and environmental factors becomes paramount. Agriculture in Ethiopia is very sensitive to changes in weather conditions, soil degradation, and other ecological factors; hence, exact yield forecasting is quite indispensable for proper planning and resource management of the sector. It integrates various data sets that include but are not limited to local agri-data, historical yield records, and satellite-derived environmental information. Advanced machine learning algorithms have been considered in the model, such as Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, K Neighbors, and Decision Tree regressors for the prediction of yields precisely. The methodology involved rigorous data preprocessing, feature selection, and model training to give robustness and reliability to predictions. Results clearly indicated that the Random Forest Regressor model outperformed all other alternative models and showed its prospect in enhancing agricultural productivity by informing decisions to be taken by the farmers and other stakeholders. This research underlines technology utilization as a means of optimizing crop management practices, one of the crucial pre-conditions for improved food security and sustainable agricultural development in the region. The results of this study do not end at the immediate farming outcomes, but also remind that technology-driven interventions may potentially address broader socio-economic problems in Eastern Ethiopia.
Risks of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli contamination in broiler's meat, table eggs, and the food environment in correlation to human enteritis.
Authors: Tawfik Tawfik Esmat Abdel-Hafeez , Yousif Amany Abbass
Published: February 2025

Campylobacter in broiler meat presents a significant challenge to food safety. Human campylobacteriosis predominantly arises from multiple sources, with poultry serving as the most substantial contributor. The objective of this study was to ascertain the presence of Campylobacter contamination of retail broiler meat at various critical junctures, including slaughter, processing, food preparation, and potential cross-contamination events occurring in both slaughterhouses and restaurants, processed chicken products, table eggs, and stool samples from humans with enteritis. To fulfill this, samples were systemically collected to detect Campylobacter contamination during various stages of slaughter, processing, food preparation, and potential cross-contamination scenarios at slaughterhouses and restaurants. A total of 460 samples were procured, encompassing 120 samples of chicken meat, 100 table eggs, 120 samples of human stool, and 120 environmental food samples, all obtained from Sohag, Egypt. Each sample underwent bacteriological, biochemical analysis and multiplex PCR enabled the detection of the 23S rRNA, hip O, and gly A genes for the precise identification and differentiation of Campylobacter at the species level. The observed prevalence rates of Campylobacter in broiler meat, table eggs, environment, and human stool samples determined by multiplex PCR were 9.17, 2, 7.5, and 6%, respectively, with overall positive samples of 6.3% (28/460). 75% (21/28) of the isolates were Campylobacter jejuni, 25% (7/28) were Campylobacter coli, and 1 isolate had mixed contamination. Poultry fecal matter, broiler meat, and table eggs could be a high risk of C. jejuni and C. coli to humans, highlighting the need for targeted interventions in the poultry, and egg industry to mitigate the risk of Campylobacter infections. Improved food handling practices at restaurant and house kitchens are essential to reduce contamination.
Hybrid Image Denoising using Adaptive Conductance Function and Bi-dimensional Empirical Mode Decomposition
Authors: Benziane Sarah
Published: February 2025

In digital imaging, effective noise reduction is essential for maintaining image clarity, especially in fields such as medical imaging, remote sensing, and computer vision. Traditional denoising techniques often involve a trade-off between noise suppression and detail preservation, which can result in loss of essential image features. This paper presents a novel hybrid denoising approach that combines an Adaptive Conductance Function (ACF) with Bi-dimensional Empirical Mode Decomposition (BEMD). The proposed method leverages the adaptive properties of ACF to dynamically reduce noise based on local image gradients, preserving edges and fine details. The BEMD component decomposes the image across multiple frequency scales, allowing selective noise reduction on high-frequency components without affecting the underlying structural information. Experimental evaluations on synthetic and real-world datasets, including images with Gaussian and salt-and-pepper noise, demonstrate significant improvements in Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) compared to traditional methods. This hybrid method shows strong potential for applications requiring high-fidelity image denoising and detail preservation.
Whole-Brain Single-Neuron Atlas Reveals Microglial Security Hole Accelerating Neuronal Vulnerability
Authors: Ueda Hiroki , Mitani Tomoki , Yamaura Kosei , Yamada Rikuhiro , Matsumoto Katsuhiko , Susaki Etsuo , Sahara Naruhiko , Yanai Rin , Ikenaka Kensuke , Jiang Shiying , Hayakawa Hideki , Mochizuki Hideki , Baba Kousuke
Published: February 2025

Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by progressive neuronal loss, yet subtle degeneration remains difficult to detect, hindering advancements in early diagnosis and intervention strategies. Here, we present a 3D, whole-brain, single-neuron atlas that aligns and compares neurons at single-cell resolution, surpassing 2D spatial limitations to precisely detect heterogeneous neurodegenerative lesions. Using the AppNL-G-F model of Alzheimer’s disease, we found that neuronal loss begins concurrently with amyloid-β deposition, indicating a more acute timeline than proposed by the amyloid hypothesis. We also identified age-dependent microglial redistribution from gray-matter–rich to white-matter–rich regions in wild-type mice, accelerated in AppNL-G-F, potentially reducing neuroprotective function. Spatial single-cell-resolution risk analysis revealed microglial depletion, rather than proliferation, as an early risk indicator for neuronal loss, and microgliosis often coexists with microglial loss, suggesting heightened microglial vulnerability. Integration with spatial transcriptomics showed neurons near microglia with reduced homeostatic gene expression are especially vulnerable. Together, these findings demonstrated that amyloid pathology skews microglial distribution and promotes their exhaustion, leading to microglial spatial disorganization and neuronal vulnerability, resulting in “microglial security holes”. Our study underscores the transformative potential of 3D analysis in neurodegenerative research, offering a versatile platform for organ-level spatial multi-omics integration to advance detection and therapeutic strategies.
A broadly neutralizing antibody recognizing a unique epitope with signature motif common across coronaviral families
Authors: Yang Guang , Yan Lei
Published: February 2025

Cross-reactive antibodies that bind to diverse epitopes have been identified in Sarbecoviruses, but the precise molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study describes the isolation of a broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibody, 3D1, derived from a fully human combinatorial antibody library that targets the highly conserved HR1 domain of Sarbecoviruses. 3D1 uniquely recognizes a type 1 β-turn fold consisting of a 6-mer epitopic peptide, pepDVVNQN/Q, which forms during a pre-hairpin transition state—a conformation that occurs exclusively before membrane fusion during viral infection. It effectively neutralizes a wide range of live SARS-CoV-2 wild-type strains and variants of concern (VOCs), with the exception of Omicron, which evades neutralization due to a detrimental point mutation (Q954H). Notably, this cryptic epitope reveals a signature binding motif that appears to extend throughout the core region of the glycoprotein of coronaviruses and is also present in various RNA virus orthologs, including those of HIV and Marburgvirus. 3D1 functions as a natural or background antibody capable of binding to a diverse array of non-self antigens. Its cross-reactivity toward a wide variety of antigens underscores the effectiveness of the combinatorial antibody library approach, which encompasses the entire antibody repertoire.
Significant enhancement of carrier localization in InGaN MQWs by underlying high-In-content superlattice
Authors: Mickevičius Juras , Širvinskytė A. , Nomeika K. , Malinauskas T. , Kadys A. , Aleksiejūnas R.
Published: February 2025

To improve the emission efficiency of InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs), we used the high indium content short-period superlattice (SPSL) underlayer and validated the approach by studying the structural and optical properties. The SPSL underlayers were deposited at temperatures equal to or below the growth temperature of active region MQWs. The impact of such underlayers was studied using XRD, photoluminescence (PL), and light-induced transient grating (LITG) techniques. The large redshift of the PL band and higher PL efficiency at low excitations were achieved in the MQWs grown on SPSLs, albeit at the expense of shorter carrier lifetime, compared to the structures without SPSL underlayer. We attribute the observed changes to the interplay between the transformation of localizing potential and the generation of additional point defects, while the coincidence of modifications results in the formation of regions having high density of both localized states and nonradiative recombination centers.
Intelligent Spam Filtering and Analysis Using Web Automation, ReportLab, and Ensemble Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Eppakayala Sathvik , Ankula Shiva Kumar Goud
Published: February 2025

The greatest cybersecurity problem of spam emails results in security risks and unnecessary mails in inboxes. To resolve this issue, we developed a real-time automated spam filtering system that efficiently detects and filters spam emails. The goal was to build a model that not only achieves high accuracy but also continuously works without the intervention of a user. We have trained and tested five machine learning classifiers: logistic regression, decision tree, K-nearest neighbors (KNN), Gaussian naive Bayes, and AdaBoost. We have compared their performances with precision, recall, and F1-score. Among them, AdaBoost has performed the best, showing the highest accuracy in classifying spam and legitimate emails. In order to improve the reliability, we combined and balanced two different spam email datasets so that our model adapts well to the various types of emails. This meant that we implemented a fully automatic system by constructing a web application using Python Flask. We deployed Selenium to get emails from a user's inbox automatically and to classify them real-time. Subsequently, it generates an automatically created PDF report using ReportLab, which highlights the detected patterns of spam mail and the success rate of spam filtering. A hands-free mechanism ensures that this process does not require users to check and go through their spam emails manually and thus increases both efficiency and security. Our results indicated that real-time machine learning-based spam filtering along with automation boosts accuracy and reliability. Our system is scalable and adaptable, so it can be useful for many email platforms. We will try to improve the model further, adapting it in order to follow the evolving techniques of spammers, improving speed of processing, and integrating some additional security features. Our contribution is toward making advanced, real-time spam-filtering solutions able to protect the users from unwanted and harmful e-mails.
Complex congenital cardiac anomalies in an infant with Multi-system disorders presenting in Heart failure; A case report
Authors: Umar Ahmad Bashir , Rabiu Abbas , ALIOKE Ikechukwuka Ifeanyichukwu , ADEBIYI Niyi Mustapha , YAKUBU Abdulmumin Ohida
Published: February 2025

Background:
Congenital anomalies are rare but can be extremely complex, presenting significant challenges for both diagnosis and treatment, especially in developing countries like Nigeria. These conditions often require precise imaging and a personalized approach to care.
Case Presentation:
We present the case of a 10-month-old infant with a rare combination of left atrial isomerism with a single atrium, complete atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD), and severe pulmonary stenosis, who presented with features of cardiac failure. Imaging played a crucial role in identifying the anomalies, guiding diagnosis, and informing management strategies. Despite financial constraints limiting surgical intervention, the patient continues to be managed with an anti-failure regimen.
Conclusions:
Advanced imaging and a multidisciplinary approach are critical in managing congenital heart defects. This case highlights the importance of early detection and thorough evaluation, even in resource-limited settings, to optimize patient outcomes.
Effect of a modified scanning technique on the accuracy of complete-arch implant scanning: An in vitro study
Authors: Wei Luming , Ji Jianhua , Zha Xuzhe , Yuan Changyong , Wang Penglai
Published: February 2025

Background: This in vitro study aimed to investigate the accuracy of a modified scanning technique that incorporated a simple scan aid (SSA) and a novel scanning pattern (segmented scanning pattern, SSP) for complete-arch implant scanning.
Methods: An edentulous maxillary stone cast with 4 parallel analogs was used as the master model. 10 scans were performed with an intraoral scanner (Trios3) using different scanning methods: a conventional scanning pattern (CSP) without SSA (Group I), CSP with SSA (Group II), SSP with SSA (Group III) and conventional splinted open-tray impression (Group IV). The reference scan was obtained by digitizing the master model using a dental laboratory scanner. The related files were imported into inspection software for trueness and precision assessment. One-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, SNK-q and Bonferroni test were used to evaluate the values. The level of significance was set at α=0.05.
Results: For the global accuracy assessment (trueness and precision), group I exhibited the largest linear and angular deviation (P<0.001) followed by group II (P<0.001). For local accuracy assessment, all intraoral scan bodies (ISB A, B, C, and D) exhibited smaller linear and angular deviations in group III (P<0.05) and group IV (P<0.05) than that in group I. No differences were found between group III and IV (P>0.05), either in the overall or local accuracy assessment.
Conclusions: SSA combined with SSP could significantly improve the accuracy of complete-arch digital implant impressions.
Prioritizing App Reviews for Developer Responses on Google Play
Authors: Jafari Mohsen , Majidi Forough , Heydarnoori Abbas
Published: February 2025

The number of applications in Google Play has increased dramatically in recent years. On Google Play, users can write detailed reviews and rate apps, with these ratings significantly influencing app success and download numbers. Reviews often include notable information like feature requests, which are valuable for software maintenance. Users can update their reviews and ratings anytime. Studies indicate that apps with ratings below three stars are typically avoided by potential users. Since 2013, Google Play has allowed developers to respond to user reviews, helping resolve issues and potentially boosting overall ratings and download rates. However, responding to reviews is time-consuming, and only 13% to 18% of developers engage in this practice. To address this challenge, we propose a method to prioritize reviews based on response priority. We collected and preprocessed review data, extracted both textual and semantic features, and assessed their impact on the importance of responses. We labelled reviews as requiring a response or not and trained four different machine learning models to prioritize them. We evaluated the models’ performance using metrics such as F1-Score, Accuracy, Precision, and Recall. Our findings indicate that the XGBoost model is the most effective for prioritizing reviews needing a response.
Advanced Characterization of Natural Fiber Composites Using Digital Image Correlation
Authors: Deepthi K. Sudha
Published: February 2025

Composites made from natural fibers have drawn much interest because of their sustainability, lightweight qualities, and capacity to replace synthetic materials in a variety of engineering applications. Nevertheless, their mechanical behavior is still complicated, and precise performance assessment calls for sophisticated characterization methods. This work presents unique approaches to full-field strain and displacement. investigation of natural fiber composites mechanically employing Digital Image Correlation (DIC), a non-contact optical measurement method. The study’s use of DIC allows for the accurate capture of deformation patterns under various loading scenarios, facilitating a thorough knowledge of the fiber-matrix interactions, failure causes, and structural integrity of the composite. The experimental results are evaluated against standard methods, revealing that DIC allows a more complete and accurate evaluation of natural fiber composites’ mechanical properties. This work contributes to the wider use of natural fiber composites in sectors such as construction, automotive, and aerospace by highlighting the potential of digital image correlation (DIC) to improve material testing precision and by suggesting new approaches for optimizing natural fiber composite design.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF NATURE, HUMAN ENDEAVOR AND REALITY IN STOPPING BY WOODS ON A SNOWY EVENING
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of English, Pabna University of Science and Technology (PUST)., Hossain Mokarrom , Abu Yousuf Mohammad ,   Senior Lecturer in Business, London School of Science and Technology (LSST).
Published: February 2025

This study explores the relationship of nature, human endeavor and reality at Stopping by Woods on A Snowy Evening which is written by Robert Frost. The research employs qualitative method which includes content analysis as the research tool. The research findings suggest that throughout a description of journey, the poet has depicted an important message of life. Natural world is highly related with human existence and if a person wants to be dutiful towards his life, he must carry his journey. There might be deep forest which may not be favorable to his journey, but one should not lose his hope or forget his duties to make the journey meaningful. The poem from the perspective ecocriticism, discloses that the woods supply different needs of human being easing the life. But similarly with the destruction of woods, the level of oxygen decreases and environmental pollution increases. The relationship needs to be established on harmonious balance. As the isolation is problem of human life, it needs to be adjusted by keeping the connection with kith and kin.When a person faces the troubles of life, he must try to overcome it for the meaningful life.
CLINICAL PROFILE, INVESTIGATIONS AND MANAGEMENT OF 150 CORNEAL ULCER PATIENTS: A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, DVVPFs Medical College & Hospital, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India., Kapase Anjali , Pawar Rahul ,   Junior Resident, Department of Ophthalmology, DVVPFs Medical College & Hospital, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India.
Published: February 2025

Objective: To analyze the clinical profile, diagnostic investigations, and management strategies of 150 patients diagnosed with corneal ulcers.

Methods: This prospective study was conducted at DVVPFs Medical College & Hospital. The study included 150 patients with corneal ulcers who were evaluated for demographic details, clinical presentations, microbiological investigations, and treatment outcomes.

Results: The predominant causative organisms were bacteria (58%), followed by fungi (25%), and viral infections (10%). Contact lens wear (34%) and trauma (29%) were the leading risk factors. The management approach was primarily medical, with 70% of cases responding to topical antibiotics, antifungals, or antivirals, while 30% required surgical intervention, including debridement or keratoplasty.

Conclusion: Corneal ulcers present a significant challenge in ophthalmology, necessitating timely diagnosis and tailored management strategies. This study underscores the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to improve patient outcomes.
HOW SELF-EFFICACY AND OPTIMISM AFFECT U.S. MICROBUSINESSES
Authors:   Eastern Michigan University., Murphy M.
Published: February 2025

We examine the effect of Optimism and Self-Efficacy on the relative performance of microbusinesses in the U.S. Using survey data and Smart PLS we use a simple model to compare the effects of each attribute on performance. The data were collected for microbusinesses in the U.S. The results show that Self efficacy is far more important to the small firm than optimism is. In fact, it appears that optimism alone may have a negative impact on performance.
Laser sculptural uvulopalatoplasty is an effective method of treating patients with ronchopathy and obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Knyazkov V. B.
Published: February 2025

Introduction. Surgical treatment of patients with ronchopathy and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a topical issue of modern medicine. The velopharyngeal muscle injury of various intensity due to surgical interventions on the soft palate leads to inflammation, tissue necrosis or partial rejection and wound healing with a fibrous scar, muscle hypotrophy and hypotonia, palatal ptosis and, as a consequence of this, disease recurrence.

Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of laser surgery on the soft palate in patients with ronchopathy and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

Materials and methods. The results of examination and treatment of 523 patients with ronchopathy and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome of varying severity aged from 23 to 78 years (men 299, women 224) are presented. Surgical intervention on the soft palate was performed in 352 (67.3%) patients: 309 underwent laser sculptural uvulopalatoplasty, 43 underwent surgery using the Remacl method M. et al. (comparison group).

Results and discussion. A comparative analysis of subjective and objective indicators obtained in the same patients according to monitoring computer pulse oximetry, polysomnography and computer somnography before and at different times after laser sculptural uvulopalatoplasty demonstrates persistent and significant (p ≥ 0.005) positive changes. The data from the study of patients in the comparison group demonstrate a positive trend in the results obtained at different times after Remacl surgery M. et al. only if they have uncomplicated snoring and mild OSA.

Conclusion. Laser sculptural uvulopalatoplasty is a highly effective method of treating patients with ronchopathy, regardless of the presence and degree of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. With high-quality and adequate selection for surgery, accurate determination of the levels of obstruction, shape and degree of collapse of the soft tissues of the upper respiratory tract, careful consideration of the individual characteristics of the structure of the soft palate and pharynx and minimization of surgical trauma to the palatine curtain, it is possible to achieve a positive effect of surgery in the vast majority of patients.
Microplastic pollution in the Ganga River: A state-of-the-art review of pathways, mechanisms, and mitigation
Authors: Singh Paratosh Kumar , Singh Abhishek , Srivastava Atul Kumar , Chauhan Ritu , Basniwal Rupesh Kumar , Chauhan Abhishek
Published: February 2025

Microplastic (MP) pollution in the Ganga River, a vital waterway sustaining millions, has become a significant environmental and public health concern. This review employed a systematic approach to examine MP pollution in the Ganga River, utilizing a comprehensive database search across Scopus, PubMed, and SpringerLink. This review discusses the multifaceted pathways through which MPs enter and propagate within the river ecosystem. Key sources include urban and industrial wastewater discharge, agricultural runoff laden with plastic mulch and contaminated fertilizers, and inadequate solid waste management leading to litter and illegal dumping. Atmospheric deposition also plays a significant role in transporting MPs from urban centers to the river. Riverine dynamics, influenced by natural flow and sediment processes, facilitate downstream transport of these pollutants. The cultural and religious significance of the Ganga contributes to pollution through ritual practices and mass gatherings. Ecologically, MPs pose severe threats, affecting aquatic organisms through ingestion and bioaccumulation of toxic substances, thereby disrupting biodiversity and food chains. Socio-economically, this pollution jeopardizes public health and the livelihoods of communities reliant on the river. Addressing MP contamination demands comprehensive mitigation strategies. Effective solutions must integrate scientific understanding with robust management practices to safeguard the ecological and socio-economic integrity of the Ganga River.
A história cultural afro-brasileira e africana nas questões das ciências humanas do novo enem (2009 a 2016)
Authors:   , Mota Marcos César Alves da
Published: February 2025

O ensino de História nas escolas de ensino médio do Brasil passa por modificações a
partir das configurações do novo Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio – ENEM, bem como pela
promulgação da Lei 11.645/2008, que tornou obrigatória a inclusão da História e Cultura Afro-
Brasileira e Indígena. Diante disso, este trabalho objetiva analisar a abrangência da História
Cultural Afro-Brasileira e Africana nas questões das provas do novo ENEM, inseridas na área
das ciências humanas e suas tecnologias, desde 2009 a 2016. Como objetivos específicos, temos:
identificar como o objeto do conhecimento associado referente à História Cultural Afro-
Brasileira e Africana está estruturado nas questões do novo ENEM; investigar como as matrizes
de referência do novo ENEM relacionadas à área das ciências humanas e suas tecnologias
abordam a História Cultural Afro-Brasileira e Africana; e analisar as perspectivas de ensino de
História no tocante à História Cultural Afro-Brasileira e Africana. Para realizar a investigação,
utilizamos um dos objetos de conhecimento associados como recorte: diversidade cultural,
conflitos e vida em sociedade, que contém, dentre outros, os seguintes eixos de orientação:
escravidão e formas de resistência indígena e africana na América; a História cultural dos povos
africanos; a luta dos negros no Brasil e o negro na formação da sociedade brasileira. A pesquisa
foi de cunho quanti-qualitativa, tendo sido realizada a descrição e interpretação dos documentos
oficiais e das questões das provas do Novo ENEM, no período de 2009 a 2016, composta por
trezenta e sessenta questões da área das ciências humanas, das quais selecionamos vinte e seis
(26) questões. Para tratamento dos dados coletados nas provas do novo ENEM, foi utilizada a
análise de conteúdo categorial relacionada com o objetivo da pesquisa. De acordo com os dados
produzidos, identificamos que as questões possuem enunciados com fatos históricos, poemas,
imagens e charges, abordando religião, aspectos culturais, economia, escravidão, conflitos
raciais, direitos políticos e cidadania dos afrodescendentes. Assim, diante da pesquisa
empreendida, pode-se concluir que o novo ENEM possui questões referentes à História Cultural
Afro-Brasileira e Africana que discutem e permitem realizar questionamentos sobre um tema
muito importante no cotidiano do ensino de História no Ensino Médio
Recent Development, Applications, and Patents of Artificial Intelligence in Drug Design and Development
Authors: Kumar Prashant , Mahor Alpana , Tomar Roopam
Published: February 2025

Drug design and development are crucial areas of study for chemists and pharmaceutical companies. Nevertheless, the significant expenses, lengthy process, inaccurate delivery, and limited effectiveness present obstacles and barriers that affect the development and exploration of new drugs. Moreover, big and complex datasets from clinical trials, genomics, proteomics, and microarray data also disrupt the drug discovery approach. The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into drug design is both timely and crucial due to several pressing challenges in the pharmaceutical industry, including the escalating costs of drug development, high failure rates in clinical trials, and the in-creasing complexity of disease biology. AI offers innovative solutions to address these challenges, promising to improve the efficiency, precision, and success rates of drug discovery and development. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) technology are crucial tools in the field of drug discovery and development. More precisely, the field has been revolutionized by the utilization of deep learning (DL) techniques and artificial neural networks (ANNs). DL algorithms & ML have been employed in drug design using various approaches such as physiochemical activity, polyphar-macology, drug repositioning, quantitative structure-activity relationship, pharmacophore modeling, drug monitoring and release, toxicity prediction, ligand-based virtual screening, structure-based vir-tual screening, and peptide synthesis. The use of DL and AI in this field is supported by historical evidence. Furthermore, management strategies, curation, and unconventional data mining aided as-sistance in modern modeling algorithms. In summary, the progress made in artificial intelligence and deep learning algorithms offers a promising opportunity for the development and discovery of effec-tive drugs, ultimately leading to significant benefits for humanity. In this review, several tools and algorithmic programs have been discussed which are being used in drug design along with the de-scriptions of the patents that have been granted for the use of AI in this field, which constitutes the main focus of this review and differentiates it fromalready published materials.
Extreme and Severe Systemic Pain Caused by Rifampicin: A Case Report
of a Rare Allergic Reaction
Authors: Li Tong-xin , Xiong Yan-mei , Gao Wen-wan , Jiang Bohao , He Ying , He Shiyan , Xu Lei , Yang Song
Published: February 2025

Background:

Rifampicin is a first-line anti-tuberculosis drug, but it may cause severe
allergic adverse reactions.

Case Presentation:

This case report describes an unusual and severe adverse reaction to rifampicin
in a 53-year-old male patient with pulmonary tuberculosis. The patient developed intense
systemic pain within 4 hours of rifampicin administration, affecting multiple organs and joints,
without typical allergic manifestations, such as fever or rash. The pain progressively worsened
over three consecutive days of treatment, reaching its peak intensity (NRS score 8/10) on the
third day with pain duration extending from 3 to 8 hours. The severe pain was characterized as
sharp and burning in nature, significantly impacting the patient's daily activities and mobility. A
subsequent rifampicin challenge test (single dose 0.45g) confirmed the causal relationship by reproducing
identical severe pain symptoms. The Naranjo adverse drug reaction probability scale
yielded a score of 7, indicating a "probable" causal relationship. Notably, the patient exhibited
underlying autoimmune abnormalities (positive ANA and elevated ESR), which may have contributed
to the severity of the reaction through enhanced inflammatory responses and altered
pain mechanisms. The symptoms completely resolved upon rifampicin discontinuation, and alternative
treatment with levofloxacin proved successful with no pain recurrence during the fourmonth
follow-up period.

Conclusion:

This case highlights a previously unreported presentation of rifampicin hypersensitivity
and emphasizes the importance of careful risk assessment in patients with autoimmune
features before initiating rifampicin therapy.
Challenges Faced by Parents of Children with Down Syndrome in Mainstream Schools: Exploring Inclusive Education
Authors: Er-rida Saida , Oubibi Mohamed , Mafhoum Meryem , Alami Mohamed Hassan , Alaoui Asmaa Mdaghri
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Parents of children with Down syndrome encounter significant challenges throughout their children's educational journey, particularly within inclusive mainstream schools. This study aims to explore the specific obstacles faced by these parents in mainstream schools located in the Rabat-Salé-Kenitra province of the Kingdom of Morocco. By addressing the under-explored context of Morocco, this study provides new insights into the unique challenges faced by parents in this region.

Objective

The objective of this research is twofold: the first objective is to explore the impact of the child's age on the challenges faced by parents in the process of inclusive education for children with Down syndrome. The second objective is to examine the influence of the school level on these challenges, pinpointing specific issues at each stage.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Dysmorphology Service at the Children's Hospital of CHUIS Rabat, Morocco, over one year. The sample included 148 parents of children with Down syndrome aged 4 to 15 years. The study employed a structured questionnaire to assess both demographic factors (such as the age and educational level of the children) and the parents' perceptions of mainstream schooling, inclusive education, and the difficulties encountered. Statistical analyses, including one-way ANOVA and t-tests, indicated significant differences in the challenges faced by parents based on the age and school level of the children. Likewise, the ANOVA results showed significant disparities between age groups (F(3) = 21.38, p < 0.05), with parents of children aged 7-9 and 10-12 reporting more difficulties. Additionally, t-test results revealed significant differences between preschool and primary school levels (t = -7.57, p < 0.05), with primary school parents experiencing more challenges.

Results

The study highlights the necessity for continuous support and resources for parents and educators to ensure successful, inclusive education for children with Down syndrome. It also emphasizes the need for targeted strategies that account for the specific challenges at different educational stages. The research underscores the importance of adaptive educational strategies and effective collaboration between parents and teachers. It also calls for enhanced awareness and training programs to better equip educators to handle the specific needs of these children.

Conclusion

This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the persistent challenges in inclusive education for children with Down syndrome and offers actionable recommendations for improving support systems in the Moroccan context.
The motivation of farmers to defend paddy fields from land conversion
Authors: Suardi I Dewa Putu Oka , Parining Nyoman , Putra I Putu Bagus Semara
Published: February 2025

The agricultural sector is a sector that plays a big role in terms of food availability and suitability. However, population growth and development dynamics have shifted land use which eventually poses problems. Changes in the use of agricultural land to non-agricultural can also be referred to as land conversion. Land function change or commonly referred to as land function change is a change in the function of part or all of the land area from its original function (according to plan) to other functions that have a negative impact (problem) on the environment and the potential of the land itself. Bali itself, it is not spared from the impact of land conversion. This can be seen from year to year the land area in Bali continues to decline, this is due to the rapid growth of the tourism sector in Bali. Gianyar Regency is one of the regions in Bali Province whose tourism development is very rapid, one of which is Ubud District, Gianyar Regency which is a tourism center area that causes the surrounding area to be affected by land conversion. Pejeng Village, which is one of the villages in Tampaksiring District, Gianyar Regency, is affected by the rapid development of tourism in Gianyar Regency. The location of Pejeng Village, which is the border between tourism centers in Ubud, has caused many investors to hunt for productive land in this area.What is interesting here is that farmers continue to maintain their land, so it is interesting to conduct research on the motivation of farmers to defend their fields from land conversion in Pejeng Village, Tampaksiring District, Gianyar Regency.
Investigation of Information Overload in Electronic Health Records: Protocol for Usability Study
Authors: Khairat Saif , Morelli Jennifer , Boynton Marcella H , Bice Thomas , Gold Jeffrey A , Carson Shannon S
Published: February 2025

Background

Electronic health records (EHRs) have been associated with information overload, causing providers to miss critical information, make errors, and delay care. Information overload can be especially prevalent in medical intensive care units (ICUs) where patients are often critically ill and their charts contain large amounts of data points such as vitals, test and laboratory results, medications, and notes.

Objective

We propose to study the relationship between information overload and EHR use among medical ICU providers in 4 major United States medical centers. In this study, we examined 2 prominent EHR systems in the United States to generate reproducible and generalizable findings.

Methods

Our study collected physiological and objective data through the use of a screen-mounted eye-tracker. We aim to characterize information overload in the EHR by examining ICU providers’ decision-making and EHR usability. We also surveyed providers on their institution’s EHR to better understand how they rate the system’s task load and usability using the NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) Task Load Index and Computer System Usability Questionnaire. Primary outcomes include the number of eye fixations during each case, the number of correct decisions, the time to complete each case, and number of screens visited. Secondary outcomes include case complexity performance, frequency of mouse clicks, and EHR task load and usability using provided surveys.

Results

This EHR usability study was funded in 2021. The study was initiated in 2022 with a completion date of 2025. Data collection for this study was completed in December 2023 and data analysis is ongoing with a total of 81 provider sessions recorded.

Conclusions

Our study aims to characterize information overload in the EHR among medical ICU providers. By conducting a multisite, cross-sectional usability assessment of information overload in 2 leading EHRs, we hope to reveal mechanisms that explain information overload. The insights gained from this study may lead to potential improvements in EHR usability and interface design, which could improve health care delivery and patient safety.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/66127
Information Needs for Opioid Use Disorder Treatment Using Buprenorphine Product: A Qualitative Analysis of Reddit Data (Preprint)
Authors: Basak Madhusudan , Sharif Omar , Lord Sarah E , Borodovsky Jacob T , Marsch Lisa A , Springer Sandra A , Nunes Edward V , Brackett Charles D , ArchiBald Luke J , Preum Sarah M
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND

Buprenorphine is an FDA-approved medication for Opioid Use Disorder (OUD). However, individuals with OUD often report information needs regarding buprenorphine treatment on social media platforms like Reddit. The field lacks a systematic approach to organize this data and characterize treatment information needs (TINs) that may be unique and unavailable elsewhere.

OBJECTIVE

In this study, we curate and analyze large-scale data from social media to characterize self-reported buprenorphine treatment information needs (TINs) using thematic analysis.

METHODS

We collected 15,253 Reddit posts from r/Suboxone. Following a standard protocol and guidance from clinical experts, we first identified five main themes from the data and then manually coded 6,000 posts based on these themes. Finally, we determined the most frequently appearing topics within each theme by analyzing samples from each group.

RESULTS

Among the 6,000 posts, 40.3% contained a single theme, 36% two themes, and 13.9% three themes. The most frequent topics within each theme or theme combination came with several findings - prevalent reporting of psychological and physical effects during recovery, complexities in accessing buprenorphine, and significant information gaps regarding medication administration, tapering, and usage of substances during different stages of recovery. Moreover, self-treatment strategies and peer-driven advice reveal potential rumors and misinformation.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings obtained using our proposed framework can inform interventions to improve patient education and communication to address treatment-related knowledge gaps and harmful misinformation and streamline the generation of hypotheses for clinical research on MOUD treatment.