bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Establishment of a risk prediction model for peripherally inserted central catheter‐related bloodstream infections based on a systematic review and meta‐analysis of 20 cohorts
Authors: Zhang Qian , Li Hongjuan , Chen Lin , Mu Xinping , Li Junying
Published: December 2024

Background

Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) are commonly used for extended intravenous therapy but are associated with a significant risk of bloodstream infections (BSIs), which increase morbidity and healthcare costs.

Aim

The aim of this study was to identify patients at high risk of developing PICC‐related bloodstream infections (PICC‐RBSIs) to establish new and more specific targets for precise prevention and intervention.

Methods

A search was conducted from the earliest available record to May 2024 among the following databases: Embase, MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Web of Science, Scopus, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). Hand searching for gray literature and reference lists of included papers was also performed. We assessed the quality of the studies using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) checklist. Two reviewers screened all the retrieved articles, extracted the data, and critically appraised the studies. Data analysis was performed using RevMan statistical software.

Results

A total of 20 cohort studies involving 51,907 individuals were included in the analysis. The statistically significant risk factors identified were hospital length of stay, line type (tunneled), history of PICC placement, multiple lumens, previous infections, chemotherapy, total parenteral nutrition, hematological cancers, delays in catheter care, local signs of infection (e.g., localized rashes), previous BSIs, and diabetes mellitus. Due to high heterogeneity among studies regarding previous BSIs, this factor was excluded from the final predictive model, while all other risk factors were included.

Conclusions

The present meta‐analysis identified risk factors for PICC‐RBSIs and developed a predictive model based on these findings, incorporating 10 risk factors that integrate both patient‐specific and procedural factors.

Linking Evidence to Action

Integrating the risk prediction model for PICC‐RBSI into clinical guidelines and training is essential. Healthcare providers should be trained to use this model to identify high‐risk patients and implement preventive measures proactively. This integration could enhance personalized care, reduce infection incidence, and improve patient outcomes. Future research should update the model with new risk factors and validate its effectiveness in diverse clinical settings.
Multiple solutions with sign information for double‐phase problems with unbalanced growth
Authors: Papageorgiou Nikolaos S. , Rădulescu Vicenţiu D. , Zhang Wen
Published: December 2024

We consider a double‐phase Dirichlet problem with unbalanced growth and a reaction term which is ‐sublinear and has partial interaction with the first eigenvalue of the weighted differential operator (nonuniform nonresonance). Using the Nehari method, we show that the problem has at least three nontrivial bounded solutions, positive, negative and nodal (sign‐changing). This paper extends and complements the main results in the recent paper Papageorgiou–Pudelko–Rădulescu (Math. Annalen 385 (2023) 1707–1745).
Regulation of presynaptic homeostatic plasticity by glial signalling in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Cai Yimei , Wang Tingting
Published: December 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia among the elderly, affects numerous individuals worldwide. Despite advances in understanding the molecular underpinnings of AD pathology, effective treatments to prevent or cure the disease remain elusive. AD is characterized not only by pathological hallmarks such as amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles but also by impairments in synaptic physiology, circuit activity and cognitive function. Synaptic homeostatic plasticity plays a vital role in maintaining the stability of synaptic and neural functions amid genetic and environmental disturbances. A key component of this regulation is presynaptic homeostatic potentiation, where increased presynaptic neurotransmitter release compensates for reduced postsynaptic glutamate receptor functionality, thereby stabilizing neuronal excitability. The role of presynaptic homeostatic plasticity in synapse stabilization in AD, however, remains unclear. Moreover, recent advances in transcriptomics have illuminated the complex roles of glial cells in regulating synaptic function in ageing brains and in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Yet, the impact of AD‐related abnormalities in glial signalling on synaptic homeostatic plasticity has not been fully delineated. This review discusses recent findings on how glial dysregulation in AD affects presynaptic homeostatic plasticity. There is increasing evidence that disrupted glial signalling, particularly through aberrant histone acetylation and transcriptomic changes in glia, compromises this plasticity in AD. Notably, the sphingosine signalling pathway has been identified as being protective in stabilizing synaptic physiology through epigenetic and homeostatic mechanisms, presenting potential therapeutic targets for treating neurodegenerative disorders.

image
An Improved Pan-Sharpening Method Based on Convolutional Autoencoder and Guided Filter (CAE-GF) on Quickbird Images
Authors: Costa Jessica da Silva , Araki Hideo
Published: December 2024

Pan-sharpening is the process of combining high-resolution panchromatic and low-resolution multispectral images to generate a high-resolution multispectral image. However, some pan-sharpening methods have poor preservation of spectral and spatial information. In this context, the aim of this study is to improve the pan-sharpening method based on a convolutional autoencoder and a guided filter (CAE-GF), by developing a new Convolutional Autoencoder (CAE) network. A CAE network was designed and trained to generate original panchromatic images from their spatially degraded versions. The trained network was used to improve the spatial details of the intensity component of the multispectral image obtained through the adaptive intensity-hue-saturation (AIHS) method. The pan-sharpening process is achieved by applying the multi-scale guided filter to improve the original PAN image using the enhanced intensity component and by injecting the detail map into the multispectral image. To analyze the preservation of the spectral and spatial information in the proposed method, full-reference and no-reference quality indices were calculated, and a visual analysis was performed. These analyses were compared with traditional pan-sharpening methods of component substitution. The results showed the developed method’s efficacy in generating Pan-sharpened QuickBird images.
Resiliencia empresarial en la MIPyME: evidencia de Ecuador
Authors: Duque-Espinoza Gabriela , Córdova-León Fernando , Sigüencia-Muñoz Adrián
Published: December 2024

Una organización resiliente se caracteriza por cualidades como flexibilidad y adaptación a los desafíos del entorno, y es capaz de superar situaciones críticas que se originan fuera de su ámbito de actuación. El objetivo del estudio es evaluar las estrategias implementadas por las MIPyME ecuatorianas para contrarrestar el impacto ocasionado por la pandemia COVID-19. Con el uso de información primaria de la aplicación de 1056 encuestas, se estudiaron las empresas, agrupándolas según las estrategias catalogadas como prioritarias ante la incertidumbre de la crisis económica. Se realizó un análisis comparativo mediante pruebas estadísticas de medias, para identificar si los resultados difieren según las tácticas aplicadas. Los hallazgos muestran que las empresas que priorizaron cambios en su portafolio de productos o servicios se han visto más impactadas en sus actividades; en contraste, aquellas priorizaron las estrategias de eficiencia se perciben con mayor solidez competitiva. Se destaca que las empresas deben concentrar sus esfuerzos en la oferta y calidad de sus productos, lo cual fomentará la percepción positiva de sus consumidores y la sostenibilidad empresarial. Además, el apoyo estatal al sector empresarial mediante el planteamiento de políticas públicas y el desarrollo de proyectos que garanticen la viabilidad de las MIPyME es de vital importancia.
Adult obesity in Colombia from the sociodemographic and public health perspective: a scoping review
Authors: Castro Prieto Paula Andrea , Spijker Jeroen , Recaño Valverde Joaquín
Published: December 2024

Introduction: In Colombia, the prevalence of adult obesity continues to increase. However, there is no evidence from reviews compiling the related literature from a sociodemographic and public health perspective. Objective: A scoping review of studies was undertaken to identify and describe the sociodemographic and public health dimensions of adult obesity in Colombia. Methodology: Articles were searched using the electronic databases PubMed, Scielo, and Lilacs, focusing on papers published between 2000 and 2021. The following criteria for inclusion were adopted: studies on obesity in adults over 18 years of age in Colombia; transversal, longitudinal, and quasi-cohort studies; and ecological and/or panel-type research carried out in Colombia. Results: Twenty-one studies were included in the scoping review. These were classified into five categories: designs and methods; the prevalence of obesity; sociodemographic variables such as educational levels and occupation; practices of public health interest; associated pathologies and health variables. According to the Newcastle-Ottawa scale, 76.2 % (n=16) of the studies were high quality and 23.8 % (n=5) of average quality. Conclusions: This scoping review highlights determinants such as socioeconomic status; education; environment; and public health diseases associated with the onset of obesity. Notably, no longitudinal, quasi-, or synthetic cohort studies were found. This research gap signals an opportunity for future investigations to explore this uncharted dimension of analysing obesity in Colombia, characterised by unique ethnic, cultural, and socioeconomic particularities. This distinct context sets it apart from other Latin American countries, offering valuable insights for further exploration.
Friction Performance of Three-Dimension Printed PEEK for Journal Bearing Application Under Grease Lubrication
Authors: Prajapati Sunil Kumar , Gnanamoorthy Rajappa
Published: December 2024

Additive manufacturing revolutionizes component and part creation, offering unmatched flexibility and reducing production time. This innovation, especially significant with semicrystalline polymers like polyetheretherketone (PEEK) at high temperatures, expands applications, including sleeves and bushes. PEEK's mechanical and tribological properties make it an attractive long-term metal replacement. However, the 3D printed PEEK surface is pivotal, and the surface structure depends on infill density, which influences its response to sliding conditions, such as speed, load, and test duration. The PEEK structure's surface patterns facilitate lubricant accommodation, particularly during boundary lubrication tests, affecting the formation of a transfer layer. Surface properties directly impact friction in 3D printed PEEK against the counterbody. Lubrication decreases friction coefficients compared to dry conditions. Wear tests show that 3D printed PEEK parts outperform extruded rod samples, displaying superior wear resistance. Surface texture and properties directly affect contact characteristics and lubricant storage. In journal bearings, varying infill percentages create surface voids, efficiently accommodating polyalphaolefin (PAO)-based grease in PEEK-based applications where oil is not preferred for sliding operations.
Can the Bubble Surface Tension Affect the Equivalent Viscosity of Bubbly Oil?
Authors: Jiang Shuyun , Zhang Chibin , Lin Xiaohui , Li Shaohua
Published: December 2024

Equivalent viscosity is a basic parameter of the bubbly oil, however, it is a controversy whether or not the bubble surface tension should be taken into account when modeling the equivalent viscosity of bubbly oil at high shear rate. In this technical brief, the effect of bubble surface tension on the equivalent viscosity of bubbly oil is examined experimentally using the proof by contradiction. The viscosity of bubbly oil is measured using test samples with clearances in series, and the bubble distributions of the bubbly oil before and after tests are observed. The test result shows that at a high shear rate, the equivalent viscosity of bubbly oil is not sensitive to the change in the sample clearance, whereas the bubble distribution after test is dependent on the clearance, suggesting that the effect of bubble surface tension can be disregarded for the equivalent viscosity of bubbly oil at high shear rate.
Pyrolysis Treatment for Sludge and Animal Manures: Impact of Heating Rate
Authors: Kada Cheikh , Maache Mohamed , Kada Kada , Selim Osama M. , Youssef Mohamed Abdelaziz Sayed , Amano Ryoichi S.
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the thermal degradation behavior of sludge and four types of animal manures (cow, chicken, horse, and sheep) under pyrolysis treatment at different heating rates. The sludge samples were subjected to varying heating rates to observe their impact on weight loss profiles, peaks, and enthalpy released. The results demonstrated distinct thermal events corresponding to the pyrolysis process, highlighting significant weight loss around specific temperature ranges. The findings indicate that the heating rate profoundly influences pyrolysis behavior, with higher heating rates resulting in decreased enthalpy release. This information is crucial for optimizing waste management processes. Cow manure released the most enthalpy among the samples, indicating a higher energy release during degradation. In contrast, sludge exhibited the highest thermal stability, requiring higher temperatures for its molecular degradation to commence and releasing the least enthalpy compared to the rest of the samples. These observations suggest that optimizing heating rates can enhance the efficiency of thermal waste management practices. The study provides valuable insights into the distinct thermal behaviors of different types of waste, emphasizing the importance of tailored pyrolysis treatments. By understanding each material's specific thermal degradation characteristics, more efficient and effective waste management strategies can be developed. This research underscores the potential for improving thermal treatment processes through careful control of heating rates, ultimately contributing to better resource utilization and environmental sustainability. The higher enthalpy release from cow manure and the thermal stability of sludge offer critical information for designing optimized pyrolysis protocols for various waste types, enhancing overall treatment efficiency.
Fabricating distributed feedback laser gratings with bismuth and gold focused ion beams
Authors: Salmond B. , John D. D. , Mitchell W. J. , Thibeault B. J. , Richter T. , Nadzeyka A. , Mazarov P. , Meyer F. , Fridmann J. , Yu Y. , Wale M. , Meredith W. , Smowton P. M. , Read D. , Shutts S.
Published: December 2024

Fabricating first order gratings for laterally coupled distributed feedback (LC-DFB) lasers can be challenging due to aspect ratio dependent etching. Developments in focused ion beam (FIB) processing and source technology introduce the potential to mill grating structures directly into a ridge waveguide (RWG) laser structure without the requirement for electron beam lithography and inductively coupled plasma etching. In this work, we investigate the suitability of using bismuth and gold FIBs to mill Bragg gratings for DFB laser diodes directly into as well as adjacent to InP RWG laser structures. We explore the milling strategy on the profile of the fabricated grating structures. We observe that the single pixel line scanning routine is favorable when milling directly onto an RWG and using a concentric scanning method is better when milling the grating structures adjacent to the RWG. We conclude that milling off-ridge is more promising using this technique, as gratings with sidewall angles of 18° have been milled to a depth of over 350 nm. Based on modeling, a grating milled adjacent to the ridge with a dose of 60 000 μC/cm2 would provide a coupling strength of 73 cm−1. Such values would be suitable for DFB laser devices with cavity lengths as low as 200 μm.
Dynamic phase transitions dictate the size effect and activity of supported gold catalysts
Authors: Zhou Lei , Fu Xin-Pu , Wang Ruixing , Wang Cong-Xiao , Luo Feng , Yan Han , He Yang , Jia Chun-Jiang , Li Jun , Liu Jin-Cheng
Published: December 2024

The landmark discovery of gold catalysts has aroused substantial interest in heterogeneous catalysis, yet the catalytic mechanism remains elusive. For carbon monoxide oxidation on gold nanoparticles (NPs) supported on ceria surfaces, it is widely believed that carbon monoxide adsorbs on the gold particles, while the reaction occurs at the gold/ceria interface. Here, we have investigated the dynamic changes of supported gold NPs with various sizes in a carbon monoxide oxidation atmosphere using deep potential molecular dynamics simulations. Our results reveal that the structure of tiny gold particles in carbon monoxide atmospheres becomes highly disordered and undergoes phase transition. Such a liquid-like structure provides massive reactive sites, enabling facile carbon monoxide oxidation on the solid-state gold NP rather than just at the gold/ceria interface. This result is further corroborated by catalytic experiments. This work sheds light on both the size effects and activity in noble metal catalysis and provides insights for the design of more effective nanocatalysts.
Antigen-presenting cell activation requires intrinsic and extrinsic STING signaling after the phagocytosis of DNA-damaged cells
Authors: Park Seongji , Ahn Jeonghyun , Barber Glen N.
Published: December 2024

Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are readily activated after phagocytosing infected or DNA-damaged cells but not normal apoptotic cells for reasons that are not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that after DNA damage events, cytosolic dsDNA species trigger intrinsic STING signaling and the production of key immunogenic proteins, including CCL5, which renders such cells capable of APC activation upon phagocytosis. These events involve the generation of immunogenic STING-inducible endosomal vesicles (SIEVEs) additionally comprising critical autophagy-associated proteins associated with cytosolic DNA species. After phagocytosis, extrinsic cGAS-STING signaling is triggered via engulfed, immunogenic transactivating DNA vesicles resulting in APC stimulation. These results help explain how APCs are predominantly activated by DNA-damaged or infected cells in contrast with normal apoptotic cells and suggest that reconstitution of STING signaling or key inducible genes in cGAS-STING–defective malignancies could substantially augment cancer immunotherapies.
Accurate phenotype-to-genotype mapping of high-diversity yeast libraries by heat-shock-electroporation (HEEL)
Authors: Wäneskog Marcus , Hoch-Schneider Emma Elise , Garg Shilpa , Kronborg Cantalapiedra Christian , Schäfer Elena , Krogh Jensen Michael , Damgaard Jensen Emil
Published: December 2024

High-throughput DNA transformation techniques are invaluable when generating high-diversity mutant libraries, a cornerstone of successful protein engineering. However, transformation efficiencies have a direct correlation with the probability of introducing multiple DNA molecules into each cell, although reliable library screenings require cells that contain a single unique genotype. Thus, transformation methods that yield a high multiplicity of transformations are unsuitable for high-diversity library screenings. Here, we describe an innovative yeast library transformation method that is both simple and highly efficient. Our dual heat-shock and electroporation approach (HEEL) creates high-quality DNA libraries by increasing the fraction of mono-transformed yeast cells from 20% to over 70% of all transformed cells, thus allowing for near-perfect phenotype-to-genotype associations. HEEL also allows more than 10
7
yeast cells per reaction to be transformed with a circular plasmid molecule, which corresponds to an almost 100-fold improvement compared with current yeast transformation methods. To further refine our library screening approach, we integrated an automated yeast genotyping workflow with a dual-barcode design that employs both a single nucleotide polymorphism and a high-diversity region. This design allows for robust identification and quantification of unique genotypes within a heterogeneous population using standard Sanger sequencing. Our findings demonstrate that the longstanding trade-off between the size and quality of transformed yeast libraries can be overcome. By employing the HEEL method, large DNA libraries can be transformed into yeast with high-efficiency, while maintaining high library quality, essential for successful mutant screenings. This advancement holds significant promise for the fields of molecular biology and protein engineering.

IMPORTANCE

With the recent expansion of artificial intelligence in the field of synthetic biology, there has never been a greater need for high-quality data and reliable measurements of phenotype-to-genotype relationships. However, one major obstacle to creating accurate computer-based models is the current abundance of low-quality phenotypic measurements originating from numerous high-throughput but low-resolution assays. Rather than increasing the quantity of measurements, new studies should aim to generate as accurate measurements as possible. The HEEL methodology presented here aims to address this issue by minimizing the problem of multi-plasmid uptake during high-throughput yeast DNA transformations, which leads to the creation of heterogeneous cellular genotypes. HEEL should enable highly accurate phenotype-to-genotype measurements going forward, which could be used to construct better computer-based models.
Genomes of nine cultured microbes from two hydrologically connected freshwater sites in Wellesley, MA
Authors: Behar Sasha , Zadvornaya Arina , Wren Elizabeth , Andreadis Marina , Tariq Ayesha , Tian Mary E. , Krishna Sachi , Keita Kadidia , Eich Helena , Enriquez Jennifer , Hansten Monterrozo Britany J. , Hyun Charlotte , Jenkins Kara L. , Parameswar Kavya , Top Malika M. , Waag Stella , Ryan M. Gray , Stein Ashley M. , Biller Steven J.
Published: December 2024

We present the genomes of nine cultured microbes isolated from two freshwater sites in Wellesley, MA. The dataset is useful for exploring genomic diversity among freshwater taxa, including
Pedobacter
,
Pseudomonas
,
Rhodoferax
,
Rouxiella,
and
Flavobacterium
.
Complete genome sequence of
Chryseobacterium
sp. strain KCF3-3, isolated from the body surface of channel catfish,
Ictalurus punctatus
Authors: Kojima Miho , Tobioka Kaho , Okazaki Mika , Yokota Kiyonobu , Anggorowati Dien Arista , Nakatani Hajime , Hori Katsutoshi , Tamaru Yutaka , Okazaki Fumiyoshi
Published: December 2024

Here, we report the complete genome sequence of
Chryseobacterium
sp. strain KCF3-3, isolated from the body surface of channel catfish,
Ictalurus punctatus
. The
de novo
assembly revealed a chromosome size of 5,623,437 bp with an estimated 4,939 open reading frames.
Complete genome sequence of
Lactiplantibacillus brownii
strain MH-1 isolated from Japanese traditional homemade pickled Chinese cabbage
Authors: Hashimoto Mina , Tanimoto Yoshihiko , Chen Yen Lin , Wada Takayuki , Kage-Nakadai Eriko
Published: December 2024

Lactiplantibacillus brownii
was recently reported as a novel species. Here, we present the whole-genome sequence of
Lactiplantibacillus brownii
strain MH-1 isolated from homemade pickled Chinese cabbage in Japan. These genomic data have the potential to help clarify the role of
Lactiplantibacillus
species in fermented foods.
Earth’s K recycling: Perspective from K isotopes of intracontinental magmas
Authors: Su Ben-Xun , Bai Yang , Tang Yan-Jie , Xiao Yan , Li Wen-Jun , Zhao Yong-Wei , Moynier Frédéric
Published: December 2024

Subduction continuously transports crustal potassium (K) into the mantle, yet the fate of this recycled K remains poorly constrained. K isotope compositions of mantle-derived magmas offer insights into the mantle’s K budget. Magmas formed during initial subduction generally exhibit higher δ41K values than typical arc lavas, with both being isotopically heavier than mid-ocean-ridge basalts. This suggests a preferential release of isotopically heavy K from subducting materials, implying the presence of isotopically light slab residues. Consequently, a low-δ41K signature was expected for orogenic and intracontinental magmatism if these sources were incorporating recycled materials. However, analyses of volcanic samples from intracontinental settings and lavas from orogenic belts reveal that they do not exhibit lighter K isotope compositions. Instead, their δ41K values overlap those of arc lavas and mid-ocean-ridge basalts. To explain this discrepancy, we propose two scenarios. First, the light K isotope signature may not have been transferred into melts during partial melting of the mantle that was metasomatized by dehydrated slab melts, as indicated by low-δ41K signatures in mantle peridotites. Second, while initial melts may have been enriched in light K isotopes, fractional crystallization of K-rich minerals during K-rich magma ascent could have preferentially incorporated these light isotopes, resulting in an enrichment of heavy K isotopes in the residual melts. This mechanism is supported by the presence of phenocrysts with low δ41K values in basaltic lavas. These findings highlight the significant role of K-rich minerals in controlling recycled K and its isotopes during the recycling processes.
Supplemental Material: Influence of internal fluid driving mechanisms on red bed bleaching in the Paradox Basin
Authors: Lucero Dolan , al. et
Published: December 2024

Includes description of numerical code, permeability sensitivity analysis, kerogen degradation parameters, alteration fluid composition, and well data from Utah Geological Survey.
Fat embolism syndrome following cosmetic breast reduction liposuction
Authors: Doroskin Tatiana , Shychuk Andrew Jacob , Muchnick Jonathan
Published: December 2024

Fat embolism syndrome (FES) is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication that is primarily associated with long bone fractures, although cases have been reported following soft tissue trauma and cosmetic surgeries such as liposuction. The diagnosis of FES relies on clinical features with no specific laboratory or imaging findings. We present a case of FES in an otherwise healthy man presenting to the emergency room for evaluation of tachycardia, hypoxia and drowsiness on postoperative day 1 following breast reduction liposuction. Based on the clinical picture and symptomatology with diagnostic workup excluding alternative diagnoses, the patient was diagnosed clinically with FES and treated supportively with supplemental oxygen. The patient quickly made a full recovery and was discharged from the hospital the following day without any residual symptoms at his follow-up appointments.
Classical Ehlers-Danlos syndrome with cranio-cervical instability in an infant due to a novel COL5A1 gene mutation
Authors: Thomas Paulraj Haridharanee , Balasubramanian Muthuvel , Chinnasamy Vidhya , Selvaraj Rajkumar
Published: December 2024

Ehlers-Danlos syndromes (EDSs) are a group of connective tissue disorders with diverse clinical and genetic profiles. Classical Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (cEDS), the second most common type, is characterised by skin hyperextensibility, atrophic scars and joint hypermobility, primarily due to mutations in COL5A1 and COL5A2 genes. We report a case of an infant with severe cEDS presenting with motor developmental delay, joint hyperextensibility and cranio-cervical instability. Genetic analysis identified a novel heterozygous missense mutation in COL5A1 (c.386G>T) and a non-segregating variant in COL1A2. The child’s clinical features were more severe compared with his mother and grandmother, highlighting the variable expression of cEDS. Treatment included vitamin D and iron supplementation, physiotherapy and avoidance of excessive stretching. The child later required surgical intervention for cervical dislocation. This case emphasises the importance of clinical examination of family members and targeted genetic testing along with individualised management for severe cEDS presentations.
A bedside sensory phenomenon that can help explain functional sensory symptoms
Authors: Popkirov Stoyan
Published: December 2024

Explaining basic illness mechanisms is an important step in communicating functional neurological symptoms. Clinical signs for motor symptoms, such as the Hoover test, have proven an excellent basis for mechanistic explanations. Here, I recommend a simple technique for eliciting tingling sensations through directed bodily attention, as a helpful experiential starting point for explanations of sensory gating and somatosensory amplification in patients with functional hyperaesthesia, paraesthesia and chronic pain.
Vegetation structure and soil organic carbon storage across northern forest-tundra ecotones in continuous permafrost
Authors: Travers-Smith H. , Coops N.C. , Lantz T.C. , Hamp M. , Ignace D. , Wulder M.A. , van der Sluijs J.
Published: December 2024

Climate change is altering northern vegetation structure and below-ground carbon storage. Expanding forest and shrub cover has decreased soil organic carbon (SOC) storage in some parts of the forest-tundra ecotone. In this study, we linked measurements of SOC with terrain and vegetation structure derived from drone imagery across treelines underlain by continuous permafrost in the Northwest Territories, Canada. We classified sites into three treeline types representing differences in vegetation productivity and topography. Between treeline types, we observed differences in C:N ratios and organic matter depth related to the rate of soil carbon turnover and SOC storage. Overall, SOC showed small positive relationships with tree stem density and average canopy height. We did not find evidence that expanding tree- and shrublines would result in losses of SOC storage in our study area. Instead, topography and landscape drainage patterns, rather than vegetation structure may be more important predictors of SOC storage. We used medium resolution satellite data to extend predictions of treeline type across our study area. The majority of predicted treelines (82%) showed positive relationships between vegetation height and SOC storage. Our findings highlight the value of integrating vegetation structure and landscape features in understanding carbon dynamics in the forest-tundra ecotone.
Torsional four-fermion interaction and the Raychaudhuri equation
Authors: Choudhury Shibendu Gupta , Maity Sagar Kumar , Lahiri Amitabha
Published: December 2024

Intrinsic spin of fermions can generate torsion in spacetime. This torsion is a non-propagating field that can be integrated out, leaving an effective non-universal four-fermion interaction. This geometrical interaction affects fermions inside a matter distribution and can be expected to become stronger as the density grows. We investigate the role of this interaction in a gravitationally collapsing fermionic distribution, by considering a statistical average of the interaction term which incorporates the effect of mixed vector and axial currents. We consider a gravitationally collapsing distribution of massive fermions, ignoring other interactions. Using simplified yet reasonable assumptions, we establish that the contribution can be attractive or repulsive depending on how torsion couples with different chiralities. Also, the interaction starts to dominate as the collapse proceeds, accelerating or decelerating the collapse depending on the relative signs of the geometrical interaction between different species of fermions.
Dark matter influences on wormhole stability in de Rham–Gabadadze–Tolley like massive gravity
Authors: Kumar Jitendra , Maurya S. K. , Kiroriwal Sweeti
Published: December 2024

The characteristics of wormhole models in the context of the de Rham–Gabadadze–Tolley-like massive gravity theory are examined in this article. Dark matter density profiles of Thomas Fermi and Einasto spike are used to find the wormhole shape functions. By exploiting these formed shape functions, we create a wormhole geometry that connects asymptotically flat regions of spacetime while fulfilling all necessary requirements. Through a comprehensive analytical and graphical investigation, we explore the characteristics of exotic matter in these wormhole structures and examine their material composition within the context of energy conditions. The volume integral quantifier is used to quantify the exotic matter. We also discuss the phenomena of the complexity factor for all wormhole models and conclude that it approaches zero for increasing values of the radial coordinate, indicating the homogeneity of the energy density and the isotropic behavior of the pressure. Moreover, the repulsive nature of these wormhole solutions, a critical characteristic for their possible traversability is revealed by our analysis of the anisotropy parameter.
Stability of compact stars in a uniform density background cloud
Authors: Singh Ksh. Newton , Maurya S. K. , Errehymy A. , Donmez O. , Myrzakulov K. , Smitha T. T.
Published: December 2024

We are discussing a scenario where a compact star (neutron star, NS) is embedded in a thin, uniform density background cloud (a remnant cloud after a supernova or a cloud generated from the late stages of a star e.g., a planetary nebula or asymptotic red giant phases) and its effect on the stability of the compact star. Due to the thin background cloud, the spacetime geometry is minimally deformed allowing us to employ the technique of minimal geometric decoupling (MGD). Assuming a uniform background cloud density simplifies the problem, and through the MGD method, one can take

$$\Theta ^t_t = \Theta > 0$$

Θ
t
t

=
Θ
>
0

, where

$$\Theta $$

Θ

is the density of the cloud. The background cloud interacts with the compact star through a coupling strength

$$\alpha $$

α

. By varying

$$\alpha $$

α

, one can tune the cloud density to analyze the stability of the embedded compact star. We found that for

$$\alpha < 3 \times 10^{-5}$$

α
<
3
×

10

-
5

, all the thermodynamic quantities are well-behaved, indicating a stable configuration. Once the coupling parameter exceeds

$$3 \times 10^{-5}$$

3
×

10

-
5

, the adiabatic index drops below

$$\Gamma _{\text {max}}'$$

Γ

max

′

, triggering a gravitational collapse. Beyond this limit of

$$\alpha $$

α

, the pressure and speed of sound also become non-physical. At the end, we have used the

$$M-R$$

M
-
R

curve generated from the solution to determine the radii of a few compact stars, namely PSR J1614-2230, PSR J0952-0607, GW190814, and GW200210. Furthermore, we have discussed the possibility of the secondary component of GW200210 i.e. the less massive compact object with an upper mass of

$$3.3M_\odot $$

3.3

M
⊙

, which may be a stellar black hole with a Schwarzschild radius

$$R_{\text {BH}} = 9.746$$

R
BH

=
9.746

km. However, if the mass is

$$2.83M_\odot $$

2.83

M
⊙

as observed, then its predicted minimum radius is 10.74 km, corresponding to

$$\alpha = 0$$

α
=
0

. This radius is far beyond

$$R_{\text {BH}} = 8.357$$

R
BH

=
8.357

km and therefore is most probably a massive NS in the mass gap.
Lepton flavor-violating Higgs decays mediated by ultralight gauge boson
Authors: Marín Marcela , Gaitán R. , Martinez R.
Published: December 2024

We present an analysis of the lepton-flavor violating decay of the Higgs boson mediated by an ultralight gauge boson,

$$\chi $$

χ

. Our analysis matches a model generating the lepton flavor-violating interaction

$$\bar{\ell }_i\ell _j\chi $$

ℓ

¯

i

ℓ
j

χ

at tree level with an effective field theory, safeguarding a physical massless

$$\chi $$

χ

-boson limit of the observables. By utilizing the upper bounds on

$$H\rightarrow \ell _i {\bar{\ell }}_j$$

H
→

ℓ
i

ℓ

¯

j

decays from CMS and ATLAS Collaborations, we establish an indirect upper limit on the nonstandard decay

$$H\rightarrow \ell _i {\bar{\ell }}_j\chi $$

H
→

ℓ
i

ℓ

¯

j

χ

. The analysis encompasses various observables such as the lepton energy spectrum, Dalitz plot distribution, and Lepton Charge and Forward-Backward Asymmetries.
The structure of the $$f_0(980)$$ from system size dependent hadronic resonance ratios in p + p, p + Pb, and Pb + Pb collisions at the LHC
Authors: Reichert Tom , Steinheimer Jan , Vovchenko Volodymyr , Herold Christoph , Limphirat Ayut , Bleicher Marcus
Published: December 2024

It is shown that the hadronic phase in ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions can be used to understand the properties of the

$$f_0(980)$$

f
0

(
980
)

resonance. In particular it is shown that the centrality dependence of the

$$f_0(980)/\pi $$

f
0

(
980
)

/
π

and

$$f_0(980)/\phi $$

f
0

(
980
)

/
ϕ

ratios depends strongly on the

$$f_0(980)\rightarrow {\overline{K}}+K$$

f
0

(
980
)

→

K
¯

+
K

branching ratio and whether the

$$f_0(980)$$

f
0

(
980
)

is produced as a

$$\left| {\overline{q}}q \right\rangle $$

q
¯

q

or

$$\left| {\overline{s}}s \right\rangle $$

s
¯

s

state. These conclusions are drawn from calculations within the partial chemical equilibrium of the HRG model within Thermal-FIST as well as with the fully non-equilibrium hybrid-transport approach UrQMD. Our findings show how the hadronic phase in heavy ion collisions can be used for studies of exotic hadron properties otherwise possible only in dedicated experiments such as PANDA.
Raoul Gatto and Bruno Touschek’s joint legacy in the rise of electron–positron physics
Authors: Bonolis Luisa , Buccella Franco , Pancheri Giulia
Published: December 2024

Raoul Gatto and Bruno Touschek’s collaboration in the establishment of electron–positron colliders as a fundamental discovery tool in particle physics will be illustrated. In particular, we will tell the little-known story of how Gatto and Touschek’s pioneering visions combined to provide the theoretical foundation for AdA, the first matter–antimatter collider, and how their friendship with Wolfgang Pauli and Gerhard Lüders was crucial to their understanding of the CPT theorem, the basis for AdA’s success. We will see how these two exceptional scientists shaped physics between Rome and Frascati, from the proposal to build AdA and soon after the larger machine ADONE in 1961, to the discovery of the $$J/\Psi $$

J
/
Ψ

particle in 1974. We will also highlight Gatto and Touschek’s contribution in mentoring an extraordinary cohort of students and collaborators whose work contributed to the renaissance of Italian theoretical physics after the Second World War and to the establishment of the Standard Model of particle physics.
Network Public Opinion Information Resource Sharing Method Based on Artificial Intelligence Algorithm
Authors: Li Liujin
Published: December 2024

The network public opinion information resources include text, pictures, videos and other modes, resulting in high sharing loss value. The network public opinion information resources sharing method is based on data analysis and artificial intelligence algorithm. First, based on spatial theory, a spatial model of the emotional dimension of network public opinion big data is constructed to dynamically capture and express the multi-dimensionality and dynamism of public opinion emotions. Subsequently, advanced multimodal neural network technology was utilized to accurately identify and extract deep features of network public opinion information resources, effectively addressing data heterogeneity. Furthermore, designing and implementing a resource sharing mechanism based on semantic fusion algorithm promote efficient matching and sharing of resources through deep semantic alignment and composite semantic relationship mining. Finally, simulation tests were conducted from four aspects: data analysis, shared loss values, feature recognition effectiveness, and shared performance. The results showed that the proposed method performed well in quantitative experiments, with lower sharing loss values (about 0.01), more accurate identification of network public opinion big data features, and significantly shorter sharing completion time, average waiting time, and resource download time than the comparative methods, only 7.66[Formula: see text]s, 2.03[Formula: see text]s, and 5.04[Formula: see text]s, respectively, proving its stronger sharing ability and superior performance.
Painting Style Conversion and Artistic Creation Exploration Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Chen Hanying
Published: December 2024

Painting is the application of paint or another substance to a solid surface, often a piece of artwork. Painting has evolved, using cultural components and creative talents to create different visualizations. Artists constantly develop their painting abilities and creative cultivation via overtime training and practice, placing a steady stream of life into the evolution of painting. Deep learning (DL) technology and computer-aided design (CAD) technology can offer innovative options for creating art, including converting painting styles and assisting with creativity. Converting the painting style of artworks also allows for data mining (DM) and artwork analysis. In this study, a novel dynamic dwarf mongoose optimizer with tuned VGG16 (DDMO-VGG16) has style recognition and conversion. For this study, we used a painting dataset from Kaggle. This dataset is a large collection of digital images of artworks from various styles. Local binary patterns (LBP) are used to extract texture elements from artworks. LBP can offer precise information on the local texture, important for separating different creative styles. The result shows the proposed model has higher accuracy in style recognition. The suggested approach of style detection and conversion of artworks based on DL offers up new avenues for artistic creation of preserving and passing on traditional culture.
Color Representation Method of Art Painting Based on Multi-Scale Retinex
Authors: Jia HaiTing
Published: December 2024

This paper studies the color expression method of fine arts painting based on multi-scale Retinex, so as to improve the color expression ability of fine arts painting works in digital application. The images of art paintings are converted into HSI and LAB color spaces, respectively. The images are binarized using the Otsu threshold method in the HSI color space, and segmented using the [Formula: see text]-means clustering algorithm in the LAB color space. The image processing results from the two color spaces are mathematically combined (or calculated) to complete the segmentation of the art painting image. The multi-scale Retinex algorithm is used to map the tone of the segmented image. Based on the trichromatic theory, the color correction is carried out on the image after tone mapping, and the final color expression result of art painting is obtained. The experimental results show that the image processed by this method has high definition, rich color and detail information, and strong overall layering, which makes the color expression of art paintings more ideal.
Cinnamon for Metabolic Diseases and Their Cardiovascular and Hepatic Complications: A Mechanistic Review
Authors: Wu Junpeng , Jia Wenhan , Min Dongyu , Yang Guanlin
Published: December 2024

Cinnamon is one of the world’s oldest and most popular spices, and is derived from the inner bark of several tree species from the genus Cinnamomum. During the last two decades, cinnamon has demonstrated beneficial metabolic effects not only in animal experiments but also in clinical trials. Even recent meta-analyses have shown the protective effects of cinnamon on different components of metabolic syndrome and their complications. In the last 5 years, several experimental studies have unraveled the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying the antihypertensive, antihyperglycemic, lipid-lowering, weight-lowering, and cardioprotective properties of cinnamon. This review paper will discuss how cinnamon and its active components, particularly cinnamaldehyde, suppress inflammation and oxidative stress, modulate mitochondrial dysfunction, and regulate glucose uptake, insulin resistance, lipogenesis, beta-oxidation, Ca2+ signaling, and other cellar events at the molecular level. Specifically, we will delve into the molecular mechanisms involved in the metabolic effects of cinnamon to provide a deeper insight into how cinnamon can bring such beneficial effects. This review hopes to encourage the use of cinnamon in clinical settings, guide the combination of cinnamon with other drugs used to treat different components of metabolic syndrome based on their mechanism of action, and support the concept of complementary medicine for metabolic diseases.
Anisotropic compact star model solution of Einstein field equations
Authors: Romero Antonio Rendón , Estevez-Delgado Joaquin , Cabrera Jose Vega , Soto-Espitia Rafael , Ceballos Joel Arturo Rodríguez
Published: December 2024

A new interior solution of Einstein’s equations is derived for a static and spherically symmetric space–time that contains fluid with anisotropic pressures, characterized by a parameter N. The model presented is a generalization to a proposal which contemplated a perfect fluid, which allows us to do an analysis of the impact of the anisotropy on the compactness, density and speed of sound. Taking the observational data of the mass [Formula: see text] and radius [Formula: see text] km as well as the mass [Formula: see text] and radius [Formula: see text]km reported for the star EXO 1745-248, it is determined that the range of values of the density varies between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] and these increase as the anisotropy parameter increases; it also shows an effect of the anisotropy on the speed of sound. The stability of the solution is shown through the Zeldovich criteria and through the adiabatic index, and from a graphic analysis it is verified that the behavior of the density, pressures and speed of sound are physically acceptable.
THE EFFECT OF FLUORIDE AND INHIBITORS ON THE ANODIZED COPPER SURFACE
Authors: SALIH HAITHAM IBRAHEEM , HASHIM MUSTAFA SHAKIR
Published: December 2024

Two chemical solutions NH4F:H2O:C3H8O3(sol[Formula: see text] and NH4F:H2O:C2H6O2(sol[Formula: see text] with different fluoride ratios were used separately in an anodic process to study the morphological characteristics of the produced copper oxides. Glycerol and ethylene glycol were utilized as inhibitions to slow down the activity of fluoride ions. The rest of the anodization process parameters were constant. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed the formation of Cu2O microcubes when sol1 was used. The utilization of sol2 produced octahedral Cu2O as well as cubes and spherical structures. The increase of NH4F in sol1 led to a reduction in the volumes of Cu2O microcubes, and in sol2, it produced incomplete octahedral Cu2O. Since ethylene glycol has a lower viscosity than glycerol, copper corrodes more quickly in the presence of the former than in the latter. The findings indicate that sol1 is experiencing a higher current flow than sol2. The relationship between current and time is semi-constant at low applied voltage, but the two curves behave differently when applying high voltage in the early stages.