bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HAK ATAS KEKAYAAN INTELEKTUAL DALAM DUNIA TEKNOLOGI SAMSUNG
Authors: marsailis erika stacia
Published: February 2019

Samsung Android merupakan jenis smartphone berbasis Androidyang diproduksikan oleh PT. Samsung Electronic, yang menjadi produk palingdiminati dipasaran pada dewasa ini. Pada quartal pertama tahun 2013, penjualansmartphone Samsung Android menduduki posisi pertama untuk kategorismartphone dengan tingkat penjualan mencapai 32,7%. Penelitian ini dilakukanterhadap 100 orang responden yang mengunjungi pusat penjualan handphone diBandung Electronic Center (BEC). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untukmengetahui sub variabel manakah dari atribut produk yang memiliki pengaruhpaling dominan terhadap keputusan pembelian dan seberapa besar pengaruhatribut produk terhadap keputusan pembelian.Atribut produk adalah unsur-unsur produk yang dipandang penting olehkonsumen dan dijadikan dasar pengambilan keputusan pembelian (Tjiptono,2008:103). Kualitas produk, fitur produk, gaya dan desain produk, merek, danlayanan pendukung, merupakan unsur-unsur dari atribut produk yang digunakanuntuk sub variabel independen pada penelitian ini. Keputusan pembeliankonsumen adalah membeli merek yang paling disukai (Kotler & Amstrong,2008:181). Terdapat 6 unsur yang menjadi perhatian dan pertimbangan konsumendalam membuat keputusan pembelian yaitu, pilihan produk, pilihan merek,pilihan penyalur, waktu pembelian, jumlah pembelian, dan metode pembayaran.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitiandeskriptif dan kausal. Jumlah populasi pada penelitian ini tidak diketahui, teknikpengambilan sampling yang digunakan adalah non probability sampling dengan jenis insidental sampling. Teknik analisis yang digunakan yaitu, analisis statistikdeskriptif, Method of Successive Interval (MSI), uji asumsi klasik (uji normalitas,uji multikolinieritas, uji heteroskedastisitas, uji linieritas), uji regresi linierberganda, uji korelasi, uji t, uji F dan koefisien determinasi.
hardiansah_165100004
Authors: Hardiansah
Published: February 2019

Dengan aplikasi system penjualan tiket kereta api yang bertujuan untukmeningkatkan mutu dan kualitas suatu informasi, yang diharapkan hasilnyaakan memberikan solusi dalam pengembangan penyampaianinformasi.Menyinggung hal pengguna dan pembeli tiket kereta api Dalamsuatu perusahaan atau instansi tentunya terdapat karyawan guna memajukandan menggerakkanperusahaan tersebut.Pekerjaan yang telah dikerjakanberdasarkan ketentuan dan kebijakan dari perusahaan yang bersangkutansekarang PT. Kereta Api (Persero) adalah salah satu perusahaan BUMNyang begerak dibidang pelayanan transportasi PT.Kereta Api denganvisinya ingin menjadi penyedia jasa perkereta apian terbaik yang berfokuspada pelayanan pelanggan dan memenuhi tanggung jawab dalam melayanipenunumpang tsb
Hak Atas Kekayaan Intelektual Dalam Dunia Teknologi Samsung
Authors: marsailis erika stacia
Published: February 2019

Samsung Android merupakan jenis smartphone berbasis Androidyang diproduksikan oleh PT. Samsung Electronic, yang menjadi produk palingdiminati dipasaran pada dewasa ini. Pada quartal pertama tahun 2013, penjualan smartphone Samsung Android menduduki posisi pertama untuk kategori smartphone dengan tingkat penjualan mencapai 32,7%. Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap 100 orang responden yang mengunjungi pusat penjualan handphone di Bandung Electronic Center (BEC). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sub variabel manakah dari atribut produk yang memiliki pengaruh paling dominan terhadap keputusan pembelian dan seberapa besar pengaruh atribut produk terhadap keputusan pembelian.Atribut produk adalah unsur-unsur produk yang dipandang penting olehkonsumen dan dijadikan dasar pengambilan keputusan pembelian (Tjiptono,2008:103). Kualitas produk, fitur produk, gaya dan desain produk, merek, danlayanan pendukung, merupakan unsur-unsur dari atribut produk yang digunakan untuk sub variabel independen pada penelitian ini. Keputusan pembelian konsumen adalah membeli merek yang paling disukai (Kotler & Amstrong, 2008:181). Terdapat 6 unsur yang menjadi perhatian dan pertimbangan konsumen dalam membuat keputusan pembelian yaitu, pilihan produk, pilihan merek, pilihan penyalur, waktu pembelian, jumlah pembelian, dan metode pembayaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif dan kausal. Jumlah populasi pada penelitian ini tidak diketahui, teknik pengambilan sampling yang digunakan adalah non probability sampling dengan jenis insidental sampling. Teknik analisis yang digunakan yaitu, analisis statistik deskriptif, Method of Successive Interval (MSI), uji asumsi klasik (uji normalitas,uji multikolinieritas, uji heteroskedastisitas, uji linieritas), uji regresi linier berganda, uji korelasi, uji t, uji F dan koefisien determinasi.
hardiansah_1651000004
Authors: Hardiansah
Published: February 2019

Dengan adanya aplikasi inidiharapkan dapatmempermudah dalammendata data gaji .Darigambaran diatas, yang perluanda buat adalah sebuahaplikasi yang dapatmembantu untuk pencatatan,Aplikasi ini dibuat denganmenggunakan programbahasa pemograman pascal.
Asam Posfat (H3PO4): Ionic Transformation of Phosphoric Acid in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Warlinda Yulia Asri , Zainul Rahadian
Published: February 2019

Asam fosfat merupakan merupakan asam mineral anorganik yang memiliki rumus kimia H3PO4. Asam fosfat juga dikenal pula sebagai asam ortofosfat atau asam fosfat(V). Asam fosfat berwujud zat padat dengan T.D =280°C dan T.L = 44,1°C dan pada temperatur tinggi (t =1040 °C), mengalami disosiasi. Sumber yang pada umumnya dari asam fosfat adalah larutan air 85%.Kelarutan senyawa asam fosfat menyebabkan terjadinya interaksi suatu sistem biologis yang mengamati sifat interaksi dari masing-masing molekul merupakan suatu proses yang sangat kompleks dan akan sulit jika melalui percobaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis interaksi molekuler dan kinetik dari senyawa asam fosfat. Metode yang digunakan adalah dengan pemodelan menggunakan chem office serta melalui jurnal hasil penelitian mengenai asam fosfat. Sifat-sifat termokimia dari senyawa asam fosfat dalam fase liquid ∆𝑓𝐻0=-3055 kJ /mol,𝑆0 = 95,54 J/molK, dan ∆𝐺0= -3015 kJ/molK. Interaksi atau transformasi suatu ion dapat dilihat dari pengaruh aspek sifat termodinamika senyawa ion (asam fosfat) dalam suatu larutan melalui perhitungan viskositas, kecepatan hanyut,dan mobilitas yang akan mempengaruhi tingkat konduktivitas senyawa asam fosfat. Asam fosfat memiliki kecepatan hayut 0,41508 𝑉/𝑐𝑚, konduktivitas listrik 9,2 Ms/cm untuk persen massa 0,5%, mobilitas relative ion H+ dan PO43- adalah 1,62 dan 8,40 serta tingkat viskositas 3.86 mPa·s. Berdasarkan hasil kalkulasi dari Chem 3D, energy kinetik rotasi atau MM2 Dinamycs rata-rata dari asam fosfat sekitar 0.0278 dengan MM2 minimization total 3.4350
EEG Correlates of Tactile Perception Abnormalities in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder [In Russian]
Authors: Portnova Galina , Skorokhodov Ivan V. , McGlone Francis , Varlamov Anton
Published: February 2019

The aim of the study is to study cortical and behavioral responses of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and typically developing (TD) children to tactile stimulation with EEG and video analysis, and compare them.Materials and methodsEEG to manually delivered tactile stimuli was recorded for 79 children (ASD = 39, TD = 40). CARS scores were obtained for each participant immediately before the recording session. Resting EEG was recorded for eyes open and eyes closed conditions, and EEG response to tactile stimuli were collected for 3 experimental conditions (stroking with a soft brush, stroking with a hard brush, and stimulation with a spiked roller delivered to the outer side of right forearm, stroking velocity was within 2-5 cm/s). Behavioral responses were assessed and coded on reviewing video records. Behavioral responses were classified into 5 patterns: 1) signs of relaxation (facial gesture and body posture); 2) signs of resistance, attempts to withdraw the hand; 3) negative emotions, crying, shouting; 4) positive emotions, smile, laughter; 5) looking at the hand being stimulated. EEG power in 18 narrow frequency bands with a bandwidth of 1Hz in a range of 2-20 Hz was analyzed.ResultsA general increase of EEG beta power (16-20 Hz) was observed for all types of tactile stimuli compared to resting EEG; this increase was greater over the left hemisphere and was significantly more prominent for the ASD group. The amplitude of the increase correlated positively with behavioral signs of negative emotions and attempts to withdraw the hand. An increase in frontal theta EEG power for CT-optimal soft brush stimulation for was observed the TD group only and correlated positively with behavioral signs of relaxation.ConclusionGreater amplitude of beta EEG power observed for children with ASD for all the types of tactile stimulation may be caused by tactile defensiveness or procedure stress. Exclusive C-tactile stimulation response (frontal theta power increase) was found only in the TD group.
State Legislative Ideology & the Preemption of City Ordinances: The Case of Worker Rights Laws
Authors: Goodman Christopher B
Published: February 2019

This article discusses the influence of state legislative ideology on the legislative preemption of local ordinances in the area of worker rights. States define the powers of local governments within their purview and states may use this power to restrict local governments from pursuing certain policies. Using data on state legislative activity and ideology from 1993 to 2016, I find within-state increases in legislative ideology, indicating increased legislative conservatism, associated with an increased risk of preempting local government policy, all else equal. This finding is robust to a number of alternate specifications and hypotheses. Ideology appears to play an important role in the decision to involve the state in the affairs of local governments.
Balance Alternativo de Indicadores de Pobreza en los ODM para América Latina y el Caribe: ¿Medir el Éxito como Aceleración del Progreso o Consecución de las Metas?
Authors: Cruz-Martinez Gibran
Published: February 2019

Diversos investigadores han realizado críticas a los ODM por la arbitrariedad en la formulación y fijación de metas, así como en el uso de indicadores que pueden afectar la perspectiva del éxito exhibido por un país o región, favoreciendo a algunos y perjudicando a otros. El propósito principal de este artículo es realizar un balance alternativo crítico del avance ante la pobreza en 38 países latinoamericanos y caribeños. Utilizando indicadores positivos y negativos se contrastaron los resultados (1) de la consecución de la meta oficial 1.A y 7.C de los ODM y (2) de la aceleración del progreso en la reducción de las tasas de pobreza en 4 periodos temporales entre 1980-2015. Se utilizaron dos indicadores de pobreza para examinar la meta 1.A –reducir en un 50% la proporción de población con ingresos inferiores a 1,25 dólares diarios (PPA)- y la meta 7.C –reducir en un 50% la proporción de población sin acceso a fuentes mejoradas de agua potable e infraestructuras sanitarias. Los resultados confirman algunas de las críticas presentadas sobre los ODM. El uso de indicadores negativos y la conceptualización del éxito como aceleración del progreso en la reducción de pobreza presentan una imagen más favorable para la región.
Kinship as a Social Capital in Rural Development: An Anthropological Perspective
Authors: Aryal Rudra
Published: February 2019

This paper is the study of institutional and organizational aspects of the management system of a community based micro hydropower. It mainly focuses on the role of kinship as well as social capital for the sustainability of micro hydropower management. However, social capital has been analyzed as one of the fundamental sources of kinship organization. This study also emphasizes on the social transformation that is only possible with an effective social mobilization and reliable institutional sources. An organized form of management system for micro hydro is functioning continuously due to the consistent engagement of community, proper mobilization of groups/institutions and institutional guidance, where social and cultural substances are primarily embedded. Ethnographic fieldwork was the principal data collection method. Both direct and indirect participant observations were used to garner the substantial amount of data. In-depth nature of semistructured interviews on various social, structural and cultural aspects was used to conduct the key interviews. To make the representative units inclusive, twenty people were purposively selected for key informant interviews including male, female and from the various occupation status. The related structural issues as well as regarding the entire management system of micro hydropower were probed through the informal interviews and group discussions to enhance the ethnographic data.
Ethnographic Fieldnote Writing: Methodological Challenges in the 21st Century
Authors: Adhikari Debendra Prasad
Published: February 2019

This paper focuses on the methodological challenges in the 21st century of ethnographic field note writing using pen and pencil amidst the increasing use of modern gadgets. Many ethnographers have been using modern electronic devices to collect field texts. Thus, the ethnographers are in a dilemma whether to use the traditional field note writing method or the modern method using gadgets. To address the research problem I conducted in-depth interview with 23 participants focusing on Communist Party of Nepal Maoist female ex-combatants and observed their activities for a prolonged period in the natural setting. Fieldnote is considered the most important field text collection method in ethnographic research. Ethnographic research requires more descriptive and interpretive field text analysis with cultural aspects. This article considers the creation of ethnographic fieldnote in the act of seeing and writing through emerging insight and understanding. The challenges related to the method of writing ethnographic fieldnote have received less attention in methodological discussions. This indicates that while writing ethnographic fieldnote in the field may have some benefits looking at the field practicalities but is equally challenging. There are certain methodological aspects involved in every fieldnote writing mission. My personal experiences of writing ethnographic fieldnote about the experiences of the excombatants fail to exclude the researcher in terms of methodological aspects rather it is more multifaceted and inspiring.
BUDIDAYA TANAMAN KEDELAI ( Glycine max L.) VARIETAS BURANGRANG PADA LAHAN KERING
Authors: Fauzi Ahmad Rifqi , Puspitawati Mutiara Dewi
Published: February 2019

Permintaan Kedelai (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) setiap tahun terus mengalami peningkatan. Produksi kedelai nasional pada tahun 2006 mengalami penurunan menjadi 747 611 ton, bahkan sempat mengalami penurunan drastis menjadi 592 534 ton pada tahun 2007. Produksi mulai mengalami peningkatan kembali menjadi 775 710 ton pada tahun 2008 dan 974 512 ton pada tahun 2009. Meskipun mengalami peningkatan produksi pada tahun 2013-2015, namun peningkatan permintaan ini tidak diikuti dengan pertambahan produksi karena ketersediaan lahan yang optimal untuk budidaya semakin terbatas. Salah satu strategi untuk mengatasi tantangan tersebut adalah melalui Pemanfaatan lahan kering yang luasnya masih cukup besar di Indonesia. Melalui pendekatan budidaya tadah hujan serta budidaya jenuh air, penelitian ini dilakukan di lahan kering kawasan Jakarta Selatan dengan menggunakan varietas Burangrang. Penelitian ini dirancang dengan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok lengkap dan dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Universitas Trilogi  pada bulan Maret – Juli 2018. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kedelai varietas burangrang dapat dibudidayakan pada lahan kering dengan sistem budidaya jenuh air dan sistem budidaya tadah hujan. Budidaya kedelai dengan sistem tadah hujan memberikan hasil yang lebih baik pada parameter pertumbuhan (tinggi tanaman dan jumlah daun) serta parameter produksi (bobot polong/tanaman dan produksi per hektar) dibandingkan sistem budidaya jenuh air. Produksi kedelai pada sistem budidaya tadah hujan dan jenuh air masing-masing sebesar 3.02 ton/ha dan 2.52 ton/ha. Hasil ini lebih tinggi dari daya hasil varietas burangrang.Kata kunci: Budidaya kedelai, varietas burangrang, lahan kering, budidaya jenuh air.
The Impact of Self Esteem, Family Rituals, Religiosity, and Participation in Conforming Activities upon Delinquency: A Comparison of Young Adults in Turkey and the United States
Authors: Roberts Joanne , Gunes Ismail Dincer , Seward Rudy Ray
Published: February 2019

Crime occurs in all societies and researchers all over the world have sought to identify the antecedents of deviant behavior. Two studies of young adults, one in the United States and one in Turkey, explored whether family rituals, and selfesteem might contribute to social control and consequently reduce deviant behavior. Inaddition, the Turkish study assessed the impact of religiosity on social control, while the U.S. study assessed the impact of participation in conforming activities. Based on W alter Reckless’ Containment Theory, it was proposed that the inner containment concepts of self-esteem and religiosity and the outer containment concepts of family rituals and participation in conforming activities would reduce the number of delinquent behaviors committed by the respondents. In Turkey data were gathered from 205 incarcerated respondents and 200 college students in 2007. Data were gathered in the U.S. from 207 incarcerated respondents and 217 college students in 1998. Respondents in both nations completed the Family Rituals Questionnaire, the Culture Free Self-Esteem Inventory, and a Family Information Inventory. The Religious Background and Behavior Questionnaire was only completed by the Turkish respondents. The incarcerated groups in each nation differed significantly from the college student on the major research variables. The major research variables did not account for any significant variance in delinquent behavior except for participation in conforming activities for the U.S. college students. Social risk factors were better predictors of deviant behavior in both nations. National context had minimal impact on deviant behavior.
Parental Leave and Fathers’ Involvement with Children in Bangladesh: A Comparison with United States
Authors: Jesmin Syeda S , Seward Rudy Ray
Published: February 2019

Much is unknown about how traditional fathering roles have changed in the developing nations in conjunction with the rise of nuclear dual earner families. Fathers’ employment leave patterns and involvement with children were assessed for a convenience sample of 86 parents in Bangladesh. Fifty-nine mothers and 27 fathers completed selfadministered questionnaires on employment leave, child care activities, and attitudes. Questionnaires and measures used were based on a United States (U.S.) study with a comparable sample (cf. Seward, Yeatts, Amin, & DeWitt, 2006) in order to allow a comparison of Bangladesh fathers to those in the U.S. Three questions were addressed. (1) To what extent do Bangladeshi fathers take leave for childbirth? (2) To what extent are Bangladeshi fathers involved with children? (3) How do Bangladeshi fathers’ leave and involvement pattern compare with fathers’ practices in the United States? For some of the data comparison were made between single and dual earner Bangladeshi families to examine if father’s leave patterns and involvement varied by family type. Bangladeshi fathers took shorter leaves in conjunction with childbirth than U.S. fathers. In both samples, fathers who took leave participated more in all child care tasks when compared to fathers who did not take leave. Bangladeshi families are facing a similar situation to U.S. low-income families. Like U.S. fathers, economic factors play a major role in Bangladeshi fathers’ leave taking.
Emerging Adulthood in Israeli Families: Individual-Social Tasks and Emotional-Relational Challenges
Authors: Yanir Irit , Guttmann Joseph (Yossi)
Published: February 2019

The present study explores the developmental tasks of emerging adulthood within both the practical-individual and the emotional parent-youth relationship context, relying on developmental and systemic approaches to the family. Content analysis of data collected in 11 in-depth interviews in a preliminary qualitative phase led to the development of the Emerging Adulthood Questionnaire (EAQ), which was then used to collect quantitative data from 300 respondents, members of 100 families. The content analysis revealed two specific domains: individual-social tasks and emotional-relational tasks, the latter containing two related factors of youth-parent connectedness and youth-parent orientation. The analyses of the quantitative data, on both individual and family levels, reveal a rich and complicated picture. Results show that while loose connectedness with rejective orientation was clearly related to the poorest level of accomplishment of individual-social tasks, high accomplishment of these tasks was related to the combination of tight or close connectedness with dependent or autonomous orientation. Comparisons between fathers, mothers, and youths show marked similarities, but also some significant differences. These and additional results are discussed in light of a proposed model for family emotional launching style in the context of the family system theory.
Genealogy and Archaeology: Analyzing Generational Positioning in Historical Narratives
Authors: Lenz Claudia
Published: February 2019

The article introduces an analytical perspective which can assist in charting generation-specific modes of sense-making and self-understanding in memory accounts, biographical and historical narratives. The point of departure is the double meaning of “generation” as it is found in the theoretic debate. On the one hand, generational positioning is informed by the genealogical sequence of parents, children and grand-children–corresponding with the intergenerational transmission of memories. On the other hand, we the fact of being part of a specific age cohort provides a framework for the interpretation of former experiences, mirrored in Karl Mannheim’s concept of the generation as a community of shared experiences. The two modes of generational selfpositioning, which are coined as “genealogical” and “archaeological” here, inform processes of historical sense-making and interpretation. Which type of generational “logic” applies has a major impact on the ways in which coherent and meaningful links between past, present and future are constructed. Tracing up generational positioning in memory accounts and narratives of the past can, thus, be used as an analytical tool for getting access to narrative patterns–and to the functioning of historical consciousness as a provider of identity and orientation. This will be illustrated below with empirical evidence.
Memory Work: Exploring Family Life and Expanding the Scope of Family Research
Authors: Widerberg Karin
Published: February 2019

Can memory work be used as an approach in the exploration of family life that not only expands the domains of family research but also transforms the resulting knowledge? In this article it is argued that using the approach of memory work on everyday situations, other issues and themes are made visible than those we tell when asked about the story of our life. Exploring these themes has the potential to offer other pictures of individual and collective identities, other, that is, than those dominating in our cultures. To substantiate these arguments and to illuminate memory work as an approach, memory stories on the theme “fatherhood” are presented as examples.
Comparing Family Memories in France and Germany: The Production of History(ies) Within and Through Kin Relations
Authors: Gollac Sibylle , Oeser Alexandra
Published: February 2019

This article is based on a Franco-German collective research project on family memories that has been conducted at the Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS) of Paris over the past five years by a dozen of young German and French researchers and coordinated by the two authors. Based on an empirical study of eight family monographs, method inspired by the anthropology of kin relations, this article traces the process that has led us from the analysis of family memories toward the analysis of the production of history(ies) within and through kin groups. It is the Franco-German comparison, but also the necessity to interrogate the concepts of family and history/memory which has led us to propose an original approach of family memories, ultimately leading to a dissatisfaction with the conceptualization we started with. The term “family memories” suggests simultaneously the existence of a group (the family), common souvenirs (collective memories), and underlines their difference to history (produced by professionals). This triple definition finally reveals being little useful for this research, since we have rather tried to investigate ways in which individuals and groups, linked through relations of kinship, produce histories through reappropriations of stories constructed and transmitted within several institutions. It is the practices of kin relations, common or contradictory discourses, communicated and linked through emotions, which will produce these (hi-)stories. These multidimensional interactions and configurations contribute in turn to the production of history.
Childlessness and Norms of Familial Responsibility in the Netherlands
Authors: Keizer Renske , Dykstra Pearl A , Poortman Anne-Rigt
Published: February 2019

Using data from the second wave of the Netherlands Kinship Panel Study (NKPS) for 3069 female and 2096 male respondents, we studied differences in norms of universal and of personal familial responsibility between childless individuals and parents. Differences depend on the type of norm studied. Childless individuals, and in most cases only those who opt voluntarily for a childless life, express weaker norms of universal familial responsibility in comparison with parents. Women’s norms of personal familial responsibility do not vary by parental status. Men appear to need the presence of children to activate feelings of personal responsibility for family members. Differences between childless individuals and parents are attributable to selection rather than to adaptation. The theoretical and social implications of our findings are discussed.
Urbanization and Social Identities in Jordan: The Case of Irbid
Authors: Tarawneh Mohamed Fayez , Naamneh Mahmood
Published: February 2019

This study examines the relationship between urbanization and the development of social identities in Jordan using the anthropological methodology of conducting field research in Irbid city. The following are the main results: - Primordial tribal attachments have constantly been reproduced as basis for the urban or national identities. The major difference between identity in Irbid in both pre and post-urbanization periods was that relations between individuals became impersonal in addition to the personal ones. Individuals had ethnic, national and class affiliations beside the tribal ones. - Moreover, considering that the collective national sense prevailed before independence and before the Palestinian exodus, process of producing and reproducing a collective Jordanian national identity cannot be considered as counter practice or strategy against other groups of communities.
Social Perceptions of Siblings’ Sexual Composition: Evidence from Portuguese Youth
Authors: Barroso Margarida Martins
Published: February 2019

This paper explores sibling relationships among Portuguese youth, focusing on the importance of gender and sibling sexual composition in three specific analytical domains: (a) the social meanings and perceptions of sibling relationships and their impact on daily life practices; (b) parents’ differential treatment of sons and daughters and its implication for the well-being of brothers and sisters within the sibling group, and; (c) the gender determinants of care-giving for elderly parents. The study is based on focus groups and semi-structured interviews involving 47 Portuguese men and women, with an average age of 24 years. The results show that gender relations and the sexual composition of siblings have a significant impact on sibling relationships. Same-sex siblings are perceived as having more harmonious and cooperative relationships than mixed-sex siblings, regardless of age and birth order. Parents’ differential treatment of sons and daughters, whether it reproduces or deconstructs traditional gender roles, influences the well-being of youths and affects the way brothers and sisters envisage how care-giving tasks for elderly parents will be shared. Most youths envisage an egalitarian distribution of care-giving, although sisters are still regarded as the main care providers.
The Influence of the Socioeducational Environment on Marriage Formation in Morocco
Authors: Bedmar Vicente Llorent , Palma Verónica Cobano-Delgado
Published: February 2019

The objectives of this research were to highlight socioeducational influences on marriage formation in Morocco, and to analyse–by region and gender–the influence of education on strategies of marriage formation. A comparative methodology was employed, using proportional quota samples of three Moroccan regions: Greater Casablanca (the most industrialised and economically powerful region); the Interior (archaic and rural); Tangier-Tétouan (culturally similar to Spain). Homogamy, endogamy and traditional meeting strategies prevail, with regional differences attributable to the degree of modernisation. Moroccan culture, law and religion differ from western models, with concepts of family and marriage rooted in custom and tradition, and a universal respect for Islam. We conclude that further modernisation in Morocco is possible but must respect cultural diversity.
Does Social Embeddedness Influence Union Formation Choices among the Turkish and Moroccan Second Generation in The Netherlands?
Authors: Huschek Doreen , Valk Helga A.G. de , Liefbroer Aart C
Published: February 2019

This paper examines the influence of contact outside one’s own ethnic group on four different aspects of union formation among the Turkish and Moroccan second generation in the Netherlands. Non-co-ethnic networks offer potentially different views on union formation compared to the families of origin and may thus be relevant for the choices young adults make in this domain. We distinguish between strong ties (close non-co-ethnic friends) and weak ties (ethnic composition of secondary school) and study the effects of these types of ties on four aspects of union formation, namely the timing of starting a first union, the timing of first marriage, the type of union (marriage versus cohabitation) and the ethnic origin of the partner. Using data from “The Integration of the European Second Generation” (TIES) survey for the Netherlands collected in 2007, we find that a higher level of embeddedness into non-co-ethnic networks, in particular having many close friends, influences each of the four union formation choices studied. Weak ties affect the timing of a first union and a first marriage. Effects of weak ties were not found for other aspects of union formation. These results points to the importance of social actors outside the family. Our findings suggest that in particular strong ties with non-co-ethnics are relevant for union formation choices.
Parenting in Immigration: Experiences of Mothers and Fathers from Eastern Europe Raising Children in the United States
Authors: Nesteruk Olena , Marks Loren D
Published: February 2019

The present study examines the experiences of 50 immigrant mothers and fathers from Eastern European countries raising children in the United States. Qualitative analysis of in-depth personal interviews resulted in three themes related to: (1) issues of discipline and decline of parental authority; (2) opportunities to build a child’s selfesteem and confidence; and (3) a need to balance and integrate two cultures. This study illustrates the process of negotiation between two cultures that immigrant parents engage in and provides support for integration as an acculturation strategy. Narratives of immigrant parents demonstrate that they are changing their childrearing practices to give their children more choices and allow children more power in the family, while, at the same time, trying to maintain their authority and discipline. As a result of exposure to the host culture, these immigrant parents also report placing greater value on developing their children’s self-esteem and assertiveness as important qualities for successful adaptation to the new context. While selectively adopting new childrearing values and strategies, these parents report retaining some attitudes and practices from their original cultures in order to keep their children grounded in reality. Participants’ quotes provide rich descriptions of their experience of parenting in immigration and contribute to our understanding of the cultural factors guiding their childrearing decisions. This study may be useful to researchers and practitioners working with immigrants.
Family Adaptability, Cohesion and Anxiety During Pediatric Hospitalization: Differences between Populations of Immigrant and Non-immigrant Origin
Authors: Fernández-Castillo Antonio , Vilchez-Lara Maria José
Published: February 2019

Different investigations have proved the existence of anxiety and emotional alteration in parents during the hospitalization of a child. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential association between some aspects of family functioning and emotional alterations. It’s centred concretely in parents’ anxiety during the hospitalization of a child, looking for differences between parents of immigrant and non-immigrant origin.

Methods. One hundred and ninety one parents, aged 23 to 53, participated in the study. All of them had a child hospitalized in pediatric units in hospitals of Andalucía, Spain. Anxiety was measured with the Spanish version of the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and family functioning with the brief Spanish version of the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale (FACES).

Results. A better family functioning is significantly associated with lower levels of anxiety in parents during pediatric hospitalization. Immigrant origin parents were found to have considerably higher anxiety, higher family cohesion and also higher adaptability scores. Multiple regression analyses revealed that family cohesion and origin (immigrant/non-immigrant) explain significant variance in the anxiety scores of parents’ of hospitalized children.
Changing Family Forms, Patterns and Emerging Challenges Within the South African Indian Diaspora
Authors: Khan Sultan
Published: February 2019

The nature, durability and flexibility of the Indian family in South Africa has been shaped by events and circumstances within the context of a hostile social and political environment that pervaded South African society throughout colonialism and apartheid. Over the years the family structure adjusted and adapted to these conditions to ensure a distinct presence within the diverse South African landscape. This paper traces the evolution of the Indian family from a primarily single sex indentured labor system, to the extended/joint family form, and the transformation of the latter into the nuclear family system. It provides a longitudinal socio-historical analysis of factors spanning one hundred and fifty years of Indian family form and life leading to the formation of the nuclear family, emerging new family forms and challenges in post-democratic South Africa. The paper draws the attention of family study scholars to an analysis beyond the dual notion of extended/joint and nuclear family forms, and to emerging marriage and family patterns in the context of a rapidly changing South African society in the post-liberation era.
Remarriage, Gender, and Life Course in Contemporary Inland Rural China
Authors: Huang Yuqin
Published: February 2019

Intending to fill part of the gaps in the scholarship of remarriage, this article focuses on the often neglected question of remarriage probabilities and practices in contemporary rural China. The conclusions drawn by the existing literature show that female widowed/divorced were far less likely to remarry than their male counterparts, and the probabilities of remarriage declined rapidly with age, particularly for women. Both quantitative dataset and qualitative inquiries presented in this article, however, suggest that it is not the case for the contemporary rural Chinese population. In order to explain the discrepancies, this article refers to existing literature and adopts a comparative framework in which remarriage probabilities and practices across time (the past and the present) and regions (rural/urban; China/ non-Chinese societies) are examined, and the changing family dynamics both between and within gender groups and generations in relation to remarriage are explored. It advances, in contemporary inland rural China, despite the support for marriage freedom from the state’s Marriage Law, the decision of remarriage is a complexity which depends on the economic, social, and cultural imperatives, and is affected by the intersectional effects of the gender and life course of the widowed/divorced. Taking the intersectional effects into account, this article encompasses the individuals’ social dimension in relation to remarriage choice, that is, family structure after marriage, household size, the age/ sex composition/number of children and economic situation, and it links the factors at an individual level with those at a social/structural level, particularly the socialist revolution, economic reform and the enforcement of family planning policy in China. By using the comparative framework and the joint methods of quantitative dataset and qualitative inquiry, this article contributes to better our understanding of remarriage in contemporary rural China, the mechanism behind the choice and the changing power relations both between and within gender groups and generations.
Household Labor, Gender Roles, and Family Satisfaction: A Cross-National Comparison
Authors: Forste Renata , Fox Kiira
Published: February 2019

Data from the 2002 International Social Survey Program: Family and Changing Gender Roles (III) are analyzed for 25,750 married or cohabiting adults from 31 countries in Europe, Asia, Latin America, and the United States. We examine the associations between gender role attitudes, household labor, and family satisfaction. In addition, we include a measure of incongruence between ideology and behavior. We estimate individual, couple, and country factors and their association with family satisfaction in regression models, as well as variation within and between countries based on multi-level models. Overall, we find that involvement in housework and childcare is positively associated with family satisfaction. Family satisfaction is higher among those in more traditional relationships (man breadwinner, woman homemaker) relative to other family forms; yet interaction terms indicate that men report higher family satisfaction the more involved they are in housework and childcare, and the more they agree they ought to share housework and childcare. Although those in traditional partnerships report higher family satisfaction, nontraditional partners experience less incongruence between their attitudes regarding the division of labor in the home and actual behavior. Multi-level models indicate that only about 4 percent of the variation in family satisfaction is between countries, and satisfaction is associated with increased country development. Development and family policies that encourage and support father involvement in household responsibilities are likely to increase family satisfaction, even among couples in more traditional family roles; and this relationship appears to be consistent cross-nationally.
Intimate Partner Violence and Domestic Violence Myths: A Comparison of Women With and Without Alcoholic Husbands (A Study from India)
Authors: Stanley Selwyn
Published: February 2019

The alcoholism literature is replete with evidence documenting its adverse consequences for the family system in general and the interpersonal relationships of spouses in particular. An ex-post facto crossectional design was used to compare 150 women from India having alcoholic husbands with an equal number of women without alcoholic spouses. The two groups matched on key socio-demographic variables, were administered the Domestic Violence Myths Acceptance Scale (DVMAS, Peters, 2008) and the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS, Straus et al., 1996), to examine myths relating to domestic violence and the conflict tactics used by them. Higher levels of conflict were seen in the wives of alcoholics and on all its sub-dimensions namely negotiation, physical assault, injury, psychological aggression and sexual coercion. Differences were also significant on the subdimensions of the DVMAS namely character blame, behavior blame, perpetrator exoneration and minimization. Analysis of variance showed that wives of alcoholics from nonconsanguineous or arranged marriages or nuclear families did not differ significantly from their counterparts in the reference group on the subject dimensions studied. Results indicate the need to address issues relating to conflict and domestic violence related myths as part of therapeutic interventions with wives of alcoholics.
Intercultural Relationships: Entry, Adjustment, and Cultural Negotiations
Authors: Silva Luciana C , Campbell Kelly , Wright David W
Published: February 2019

Globalization, technological advances, and increasingly flexible social norms have contributed to more widespread intercultural relationships, particularly in multicultural societies such as the United States. In this paper, the authors use Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems framework (i.e., the macrosystem, exosystem, microsystem, chronosystem) to review the factors involved with entry and adjustment in intercultural relationships. Relationship entry is discussed in terms of how people of different cultural backgrounds meet, interact, and intimately relate. Factors that impact the likelihood of entering an intercultural relationship are outlined. Adjustment refers to the manner in which partners cope with the dyadic tensions that impact their relationship satisfaction and functioning. Compared to intracultural couples, intercultural couples are at a higher risk of experiencing adjustment problems over the course of the relationship. Therefore, suggestions are provided to help these couples minimize conflict and optimize satisfaction. Factors relating to relationship identity and cultural negotiation also are discussed. A summary of the most important clinical ideas to emerge from the literature on intercultural couples in the United States, as well as clinical suggestions for therapists working with these couples, are provided at the end of the paper.
Values Similarity between Parents and Adolescents: A Preliminary Investigation among Italian Adolescents
Authors: Laghi Fiorenzo , Pallini Susanna , Sclavis Roberta De
Published: February 2019

The goal of the present study was to investigate the roles gender and the content of basic and work values play in the values similarity between parents and adolescents. 160 high school Italian adolescents, age ranging from 17 to 19, and their parents had to respond to Work Values Inventory for Adolescents (WVI-A). The Work Values Inventory for Adolescents is designed to measure six dimensions: conservation, exploration, individuality, sociability, hedonistic values and self-actualization. They were also asked to respond to the Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ), which is designed to measure ten-dimensions: self-direction, stimulation, hedonism, achievement, power, security, conformity, tradition, benevolence, and universalism. Significant correlations were obtained between mother-father’s values. Basic values (Security, Conformity and self direction) and work values (Self-actualization, and Individuality) were more closely related between fathers and sons, while basic values (Tradition and Benevolence), and work values (Self-actualization, conservation, exploration and Individuality) were related between fathers and daughters. Self-direction and achievement (basic values), and exploration and individuality (work values) were more closely related between mothers and sons. There was no relationship between mothers’ values and their daughters.
“I Only Have to Ask Him and He Does It…” Active Fatherhood and (Perceptions of) Division of Family Labour in Slovenia
Authors: Švab Alenka , Humer Živa
Published: February 2019

The paper analyzes changes in the gendered division of family labour and the recent phenomenon of active fatherhood in Slovenia. Based on qualitative empirical evidence, the authors argue that changes in the relocation of care between women and men in family life arc significant in the values and expectations of individuals rather than in practices. Gender inequality in family labour is not seen only in the allocation of domestic work and childcare as such, but also in the allocation ofresponsibilities, strategies of negotiation etc. This means that women usually take over the organisation imd management of the home, study and the carrying out of domestic work. This holds important practical and symbolic consequences that are addressed in the paper. Within the division of family labour, several changes are observed in parenting where in particular the emotional part of caring has become the domain of both parents. The article focuses especially on changes in the paternal role and the consequences for the gendered division of labour within the family. The so-called new or active fatherhood in Slovenia is chiefly present in the form of a supp011ing paternal role, which strengthens and maintains the position of motherhood and mothering as the primary family role, and puts the fathering role in a secondary, supportive position. Consequently, active fatherhood is not directly connected with a more equal division of labour or even the notion of gender equality. The authors discuss social contexts, subjective and structural factors/obstacles to changes in the gendered division of family labour in Slovenia.
Czech and Slovak Family Patterns and Family Values in Historical, Social and Cultural Context
Authors: Panasenko Nataliya
Published: February 2019

Family as one of the social institutions may be considered as a psycho-physical, social, spiritual and cultural-historical phenomenon. The article presents the analysis of various perspectives on family development nowadays provided by psychologists, sociologists, social anthropologists, historians, journalists, and writers. This analysis is accompanied by some statistic data presented in the text, in the Tables, and Graphs. A brief outline of the history of family relations in former Czechoslovakia, the Czech Republic and Slovakia facilitates the understanding of their family values and family lifestyle which are still preserved in modern families. An attempt is made to describe the place of these two countries in the system of Eastern and Western European civilizations. Special attention is devoted to the changes in political, economic and social life allcr the disintegration of Czechoslovakia in 1989, which had both positive and negative effects. On the one band, because of the transition from a totalitarian to a democratic society and urbanization men have lost their function of bread-winners and women have won more political, social and economic freedom; on the other hand there appeared nonmarital cohabitation, strong individualism and independence, which have led to a drop in birth rates and an increase in divorce rates. Despite the negative influence of these factors on their traditional lifestyle, Czechs and Slovaks still preserve their spiritual and moral values. The examples show how the major family problems raised and discussed by the Czech and Slovak scholars arc reflected in projects, social campaigns, mass media, and fiction.