bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF 2-CHLORO METHYL PROPIONATE, 1,4-DI-BROMO BUTANE AND PARA ANISIC ALDEHYDE IN MEBEVERINE HYDROCHLORIDE API BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRIC WITH SELECTED-ION-MONITORING MODE
Authors: Durga Babu Mannem , K Surendrababu , K Uma Maheswar
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Objective: To develop an accurate, precise and linear gas chromatography-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) selected-ion-monitoring (SIM) method for
quantitative estimation of 2-chloro methyl propionate (2-CMP), 1,4-dibromo butane and para anisic aldehyde (PAA) as an genotoxic impurities in
mebeverine HCl API (MEB) at ppm level and validated as per International Council of Harmonization (ICH) guidelines.
Methods: This method used in SIM mode mass selective detection was developed and validated for the trace level analysis of three impurities. All
these three impurities are simultaneously determined by a GC-MS method using VF-624 Capillary column (60 m×0.32 mm×1.80 µm) with Helium as
carrier gas and a flow rate of 2.0 mL/minutes. Chromatographic separation of 2-CMP, 1,4-DBB, and PAA was achieved in 7.91, 13.69, 18.45 minutes
and m/z values were 63, 55, 135 on SIM mode.
Results: The method was linear for 2-CMP, 1,4-DBB and PAA in mebeverine HCl 1.90 µg/ml to 7.5 µg/ml, respectively. The coefficient of correlation
(r
) for the 2-CMP, 1,4-DBB and PAA was better than 0.999. The limit of detection obtained was 0.28, 0.35, 0.22 µg/ml and the limit of quantification
(LOQ) obtained was 0.85, 1.06, 0.66 µg/ml. The method was fully validated, complying Food and Drug Administration, ICH and European Medicines
Agency guidelines. Furthermore, verified precision, accuracy, LOQ precision, LOQ accuracy, ruggedness, and robustness.
2
Conclusion: The proposed method is specific, accurate, precise, linear, rugged and robust for the determination of the three genotoxic impurities in
API of mebeverine HCl, and hence, is of wide applicability in pharmaceutical industries.
Keywords: 2-chloro methyl propionate, 1,4-dibromo butane, Para anisic aldehyde, Mebeverine HCl, Gas chromatography-mass spectrometric, Method
development, Method validation.
PHYTOCHEMICAL CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES IN DIFFERENT ORGANS OF POMELO (CITRUS MAXIMA [BURM.] MERR.) USING 2,2-DIPHENYL-1-PICRYLHYDRAZYL AND PHOSPHOMOLYBDENUM ASSAYS
Authors: Fidrianny Irda , Sari Elvira , Ruslan Komar
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Objectives: The aims of this research were to determine antioxidant activity from various organs extracts of pomelo using 2,2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl
(DPPH)
and
phosphomolybdenum
assays,
total
phenolic,
flavonoid,
and
carotenoid
content,
correlation
of
total
phenolic,
flavonoid,

and
carotenoid
content
in
various
extracts
of
chayote
with their
inhibitory
concentration
50%
(IC
) of DPPH antioxidant activities and exhibitory
concentration 50% (EC
50
) of phosphomolybdenum capacity, and correlation between two antioxidant assays.
50
Methods: Extraction was carried out by reflux using various polarity solvents. The extracts were evaporated using rotary evaporator. Antioxidant
activities using DPPH and phosphomolybdenum assays, determination of total phenolic, flavonoid, and carotenoid content were conducted by UVvisible
spectrophotometry
and its correlation
with IC
Results: The lowest IC
50
50
 of DPPH and EC
50
 of phosphomolybdenum was analyzed by Pearson’s method.
 of DPPH scavenging activity was shown by ethyl acetate cortex extract of pomelo (0.68 µg/ml), whereas the lowest EC
 of
phosphomolybdenum capacity was given by ethyl acetate leaves extract of pomelo (101.36 µg/ml). Ethyl acetate cortex extract of pomelo had the
highest total phenolic content and ethyl acetate leaves extract had the highest total flavonoid content (TFC). There was a negative and significant
correlation between TFC in cortex and peel extracts of pomelo with their IC
50
 of DPPH.
Conclusions: All organs extracts of pomelo (except n-hexane peel extract) were classified as a very strong antioxidant by DPPH method. Flavonoid
compounds in cortex and peel extract of pomelo were the major contributor in antioxidant activities by DPPH method. DPPH and phosphomolybdenum
assays gave no linear results in antioxidant activities of leaves, cortex, and peel extracts of pomelo.
Keywords: Antioxidant, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, Phosphomolybdenum, Pomelo, Three organs.
50
EVALUATION OF STRESS AND ITS INFLUENCE ON QUALITY OF LIFE IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN
Authors: Bhaskaran Jayabharathi
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Background: Menopause is a stage in life when a woman stops having her monthly period. It is a normal part of aging and marks the end of a woman’s
reproductive years. The age of menopause varies from 45 to 50 years. In some woman, the age of menopause may be 51 or 52 years.
Aim: This study aims to evaluate the stress and its influence on quality of life (QOL) in postmenopausal women in selected areas, Kattankulathur
Block, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in selected areas in Kattankulathur Block, Chennai, Tamil Nadu. After initial screening, simple
random sampling technique was adopted to select the study participants. The total sample size comprised 130 postmenopausal women. Assessments
were made by Sheldon Cohen’s, the Perceived Stress Scale for assessing the stress level of postmenopausal women and the World Health Organization
QOL-BREF Scale for assessing their QOL.
Results: This study showed that the majority of postmenopausal women 90 (70.4%) had very high level of stress. Maximum of postmenopausal
women 56 (44%) had very poor QOL, and 59 (46%) were very dissatisfied about their health status. The lower mean scores were found in physical,
psychological, social, and environment domain among postmenopausal women. There was moderate negative correlation found between stress and
QOL among postmenopausal women. It shows that, when the stress was increased, poor QOL was experienced by postmenopausal women.
Conclusion: This study results showed that the majority of postmenopausal women 90 (70.4%) had very high level of stress which negatively affected
the QOL of postmenopausal women.
Keywords: Stress, Quality of life, Postmenopausal women.
ISOLATION OF TAXOL PRODUCING FUSICOCCUM SPECIES FROM CURRY LEAF AND ITS RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA ANALYSIS
Authors: Kathiravan Govindarajan , T Thilagavathi
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Objective: The potential compound of taxol has been used treatment of cancer in the medical field. This study is focused on the extraction of taxol
from Fusicoccum sp.
Methods: The pathogenic strain was grown in MID medium for the taxol production and extracted from the Fusicoccum culture filtrate and processed
to the ultraviolet (UV)-spectroscopy analysis as well as infrared (IR) spectra analysis was done, and the sample was performed to the high-performance
column chromatography and further processed to the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis of specific primer is PGFO1, PGFO2 are
performed.
Results: UV-visible spectral analysis showed maximum value for 273 nm. The result of IR-spectrum analysis to find out the functional groups present
in sample and characteristic peak to conform the existences of OH group. The presence of taxol was confirmed using column chromatography.
An analysis of taxol production was on the external standard of authentic taxol. The column chromatography process shows the amount of taxol
production by Fusicoccum spp. 325 µg/L. RAPD analysis indicates the genetic relation among all isolates of fungus was analyzed by two random
primers PGF01 and PGF02.
Conclusion: The present investigation revealed that the taxol production from biological source was a significant effect, and the presence of taxol
amount is analysis in Fusicoccum sp. 325 µg/L. The RAPD analysis of genetic stability of in vitro grown fungus and genotypic with two different
primers shows that five fungus species with corresponding primer efficiency was amplified.
Keywords: Taxol production, Fusicoccum sp., Ultraviolet-spectroscopy, Infrared, Spectrum analysis, Scanning electron microscopy.
EVALUATION OF ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF A 3-EXTRACT FORMULATION IN TOPICAL DOSAGE FORM AND ITS SAFETY ASPECT
Authors: Sukandar Elin Yulinah , Safitri Dewi , Susanto Eriwan , Fidrianny Irda
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Objective: To determine the combination of extract of Rosmarinus officinalis leaves, Zingiber officinale rhizome, and Curcuma xanthorrhiza rhizome in
2 form topical preparations, cream, and ointment, through in situ study, as well as to evaluate safety aspect of both cream and ointment.
Methods: Irritation skin and eye test were performed according to OECD guideline. Rabbits were also used as an object of the in situ study. A suspension
of Trichophyton mentagrophytes was injected through the skin on both sides of rabbit’s back to induce dermatophytosis. Throughout the treatment
period, topical preparation was applied to the infected site until the wound was fully recovered.
Results: There was no significant irritation effect on both topical dosage forms. However, an incidence of redness was observed in the skin applied
by cream. Healing rate of extract in ointment.
Conclusion: Combination of the corresponding extract showed antifungal activity and was comparable to that of ketoconazole as a reference drug.
Keywords: Rosmarinus officinalis leaves, Zingiber officinale rhizome, Curcuma xanthorrhiza rhizome, In situ, Irritation.
PHYTO-PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF SIDA CORDIFOLIA: A REVIEW OF FOLKLORE USE AND PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES
Authors: Khurana Navneet , Sharma Neha , Patil Shailendra , Gajbhiye Asmita
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Plants have been considered to be useful as a medicine for treating different ailments and improving health conditions, since ancient times. The
plants as herbal drugs lay down an important foundation of different, well recognized, ancient, and traditional healthcare systems in India as well as
other parts of the world. In India, plants constitute an important and indispensable role in different ancient healthcare systems such as Ayurveda,
Siddha, Unani, Naturopathy, and Homeopathy. In Ayurveda system of medicine, one of the Rasayana plants having a great medicinal importance is
Sida cordifolia belonging to the family Malvaceae. It is an annual undershrub found throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of India. It has
been used since ancient times for various ailments in Ayurveda system of medicine. It has numerous folklore uses in different pathological conditions.
The plant also reported to possess a number of important pharmacological activities. The present review focused on all these folklore use of this herb
along with its reported pharmacological activities.
Keywords: Sida cordifolia, Ayurveda, Parkinson’s disease, Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory.
EVALUATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIALITY OF XYLARIA FEEJEENSIS HMJAU22039
Authors: Rebbapragada Durga Pallavi , Kalyanaraman Rajagopal
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Objective: Antioxidants neutralize free radicals generated in the human body and prevent them from causing damage. The present study is aimed to
evaluate and optimize the antioxidant activity of Xylaria feejeensis HMJAU22039 an endophyte isolated from Tectona grandis.
Methods: The antioxidant potential was measured by 1-1diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and nitric oxide (NO) scavenging
assay. Total phenolic content (TPC) of the samples was measured by Folin–Ciocalteu reagent based assay, and the values were obtained from the
regression equation: y = 0.006141x + 0.157733.
Results: Potato dextrose yeast extract broth medium was selected as the basal medium as it reported a high antioxidant activity. The basal medium
was optimized with 2% dextrose, 0.2% yeast extract, and 200 g/L potato infusion. Dextrose and yeast extract were selected as carbon and nitrogen
sources, respectively, as they reported high antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activity and phenolic content are highest at static condition
(18.14 mg/g). Incubation temperature of 30°C and pH of the initial medium at 6 were found to be optimum conditions for high antioxidant activity. An
incubation period of 20 days reported the highest antioxidant activity and phenolic content. Methanol extract recorded high antioxidant activity with
a DPPH (73.86%) followed by ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions.
Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of different physiochemical parameters in the production of secondary metabolites having
antioxidant properties. The results reveal a significant positive correlation between DPPH radical scavenging assay, NO scavenging assay, and TPC.
Keywords: 1-1diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil, Total phenolic content, Endophytic fungus, Tectona grandis.
EVALUATION OF THE GENOTOXICITY OF ESSENTIAL OIL FROM ORIGANUM COMPACTUM BENTH. IN HUMAN LYMPHOCYTES
Authors: Sbayou Houda , Talbi Hayat , Talha Ibtissam , Amghar Souad , Hilali Abderraouf
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Objective: Essential oils with antimicrobial and antioxidant activities have gained importance. This study was conducted to investigate the genotoxic
potential of the essential oil of Origanum compactum.
Methods: Micronucleus test and proliferation index (PI) were used to evaluate the genotoxic effect of the essential oil of O. compactum on human
lymphocytes.
Results: The results demonstrated that the PI values were influenced by the tested essential oil. An increase in concentration of essential oil also
caused the appearance of micronuclei.
Conclusion: The results of the present work suggest that O. compactum essential oil exhibited genotoxic activity at higher concentration. Further
studies are necessary to confirm these findings.
Keywords: Origanum compactum, Human lymphocytes, Proliferation index, Micronucleus test.
ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTY OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS (CARVEDILOL, ENALAPRIL, AND AMLODIPINE) ON LIVER FUNCTION IN ANIMAL (RATS) MODELS
Authors: Rajesh* Pusuloori
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Objective: The antihypertensive drugs (beta-blockers - carvedilol, calcium channel blocker - amlodipine, and angiotensin-converting enzyme
inhibitor - enalapril) were investigated for its hepatoprotective effect by antioxidant property against carbon tetrachloride (CCl
)-induced acute liver
damage on albino rats.
Methods: In this study the liver was damaged by giving Carbon tetra chloride (CCl
4
)-1 ml/kg-p.o. After giving CCl
 (1 ml/kg), it significantly elevated
the serum levels of biochemical markers such as serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, alkaline
phosphatase, total bilirubin, protein, and depleted antioxidant enzymes glutathione. After treatment with carvedilol (10 mg/kg), enalapril (0.5 mg/kg),
and amlodipine (10 mg/kg) for 2 weeks, these drugs were significantly reduces the elevated levels of biochemical markers mentioned above.
Conclusion: These results suggest that these antihypertensive drugs may have the potential therapeutic value in the treatment of CCl
4
-induced
hepatic damage and some liver diseases. Hepatoprotective activity of these drugs may be attributed to the antioxidant principles in it.
Keywords: Antioxidant, Carvedilol, Enalapril, Amlodipine, Carbon tetrachloride, Hepatoprotective.
4

4
SHODHANA DECREASES NOOTROPIC ACTIVITY OF SEMECARPUS ANACARDIUM
Authors: Sahu Pratap Kumar , Sk Mishra , K Rout , Sk Prusty
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the nootropic activity of methanolic extract of pre-shodhit and shodhit Semecarpus anacardium (SA) nuts and to observe the
effect of shodhana on nootropic activity of SA.
Methods: Spatial learning and working memory was considered for evaluation. The parameters used were spontaneous alternation behavior
(Y-maze), number of correct responses (radial maze), and transfer latency in day 1 (elevated plus maze). Scopolamine, an anticholinergic drug, was
used to induce cognitive deficit. % inhibition of acetylcholine esterase (AChE) was measured in vitro.
Results: Both pre-shodhit and shodhit drug reversed the scopolamine-induced a decrease in percentage spontaneous alternation behavior in Y-maze
and number of correct responses in radial maze. Scopolamine-induced increase in transfer latency in elevated plus maze was significantly decreased
by pre-shodhit drug only. Shodhit drug has no significant effect on transfer latency. Both pre-shodhit and shodhit drug showed dose-dependent
inhibition of AChE activity in vitro. Pre-shodhit drug showed a more nootropic activity than shodhit drug.
Conclusion: Methanolic extract of the nuts of S. anacardium possesses nootropic activity which may be attributed to inhibition of cholinesterase
activity. Shodhana of the nuts decreases nootropic activity.
Keywords: Semecarpus anacardium, Acetylcholine esterase, Shodhana, Nootropic.
La pintura mural del convento de Santa Clara de Asís en Dzidzantún, Yucatán. Generalidades sobre la ejecución de cuatro diferentes etapas
Authors: Vanoye Ana Raquel
Published: October 2016

Hasta hace muy pocos años, sólo era posible caracterizar la pintura mural de los conventos franciscanos del norte de la península de Yucatán como un conjunto pequeño que agrupaba elementos fragmentados y disconexos, que exhibían un deterioro gradual y continuo, lo cual dificultaba su documentación y su investigación, en particular, el desarrollo de una propuesta sobre el orden seguido en su ejecución. La aparición de los murales del convento de Santa Clara de Asís cambió este panorama porque constituyen un grupo numeroso de pinturas, la mayoría sin intervenir, distribuidas en diferentes encalados. Estas características facilitaron la identificación y definición de una serie de etapas a las que era posible asociar un orden  y organizarlas en una secuencia. La intervención de la pintura mural, en 2011, puso al descubierto otros ejemplos que proporcionaron información que contribuyó a precisar un determinado número de detalles útiles para complementar dicha secuencia. Este trabajo presenta las etapas que integran esta secuencia y los rasgos que caracterizan a cada una de ellas, así como su potencial contribución en los estudios de la pintura mural que albergan otros conventos de la región.
UNA NUEVA PERSPECTIVA SOBRE LAS CREENCIAS IGUALITARIAS: CONTRA-DOMINANCIA SOCIAL
Authors: Beramendi Maite , Zubieta Elena
Published: October 2016

A partir de investigaciones recientes surge la Orientación a la Contra-Dominancia (Counter-Dominance Orientation, CDO), como la contracara de la Orientación a la Dominancia Social (SDO), que evalúa las respuestas psicológicas ante la opresión de los sistemas jerárquicos. El objetivo de este trabajo es explorar los perfiles de SDO y CDO en función de variables políticas tales como: la percepción de la política nacional e internacional, la participación política, la eficacia política y la percepción de anomia, entre otras. Para ello se desarrolló un cuestionario auto-administrado que contenía 5 escalas y datos sociodemográficos de los participantes y se lo aplicó a argentinos residentes de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. Los resultados indican que las personas que se agrupan en el perfil SDO se caracterizan principalmente por un descontento con el funcionamiento político nacional, perciben presencia de anomia y se auto-posicionan ideológicamente más cerca de la derecha. Por otro lado, las personas con un perfil CDO centran mayormente su descontento en políticas internacionales o diferencias de poder más generales y se auto-posicionan ideológicamente más cerca de la izquierda.
DISCORDIAS Y COMPATIBILIDADES DE UNA PAREJA TERAPÉUTICA: EL PSICÓLOGO Y EL PSIQUIATRA
Authors: Ceberio Marcelo R.
Published: October 2016

Uno de los principales problemas que se construyen en la dinámica de la psicoterapia no se relaciona estrictamente con la relación terapeuta-paciente, sino específicamente con el equipo profesional. Todos hablamos de la importancia del trabajo en equipo y siempre se habla de las bondades de la interdisciplinariedad, pero son pocas las veces que se llevan a la práctica. Narcisismo, lecturas y construcciones de hipótesis cerradas y particulares, impermeabilidad al intercambio de información, lucha de poderes, monopolio de verdades terapéuticas, un todo epistemológico indeclinable que no permite el interjuego con otros profesionales. Mejor dicho, la interrelación se produce sobre constructos cerrados, mapas conceptuales que no admiten redefiniciones. Más allá de estas disquisiciones, es indiscutible que una de las parejas más importantes en el arte de la psicoterapia es la conformada por el psiquiatra farmacólogo y el psicólogo terapeuta. Dupla que se encuentra forzadamente consolidada por la necesidad de medicar algunos casos en donde el tratamiento psicoterapéutico por sí solo resultaría ineficaz. El presente ensayo analiza todas estas cuestiones e insta a la reflexión sobre las funciones que ejercen estos profesionales de la salud mental.
IMAGINARIO UTOPICO EN EL CINE PARA NIÑOS
Authors: Lapoujade María Noel
Published: October 2016

-
Carotenoids in mature green and ripe red fruits of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) grown under different levels of irrigation
Authors: Schweiggert Ralf , Ziegler Jochen , Metwali Ehab , Mohamed Fouad , Almaghrabi Omar , Kadasa Naif , Carle Reinhold
Published: October 2016

The effect of water deficit on concentrations of carotenoids was investigated
in ripening tomatoes using HPLC-PDA. Fifteen different tomato cultivars were
grown under three levels of water supply and unripe and fully-ripe fruits
were harvested at different stages. Water deficit significantly affected
several morphological and fruit yield-related parameters. In unripe tomato
fruits, the relative concentrations of xanthophyll cycle carotenoids, e.g.,
violaxanthin and antheraxanthin, were significantly increased at the expense
of ?-carotene upon limiting the water supply. In ripe fruits,
nutritionally-relevant lycopene, ?-carotene and lutein levels were broadly
independent of water deficit when considering all 15 cultivars, although
significant variations were observed among fruits from different genotypes.
Our study highlights the importance of careful genotype selection for the
production of tomatoes rich in nutritionally-relevant compounds like lycopene
and ?-carotene.
Corrigendum: Milutinovic MG, Stankovic MS, Cvetkovic DM, Topuzovic MD, Mihailovic VB, Markovic SD. Antioxidant and anticancer properties of leaves and seed cones from European yew (Taxus baccata L.). Arch Biol Sci. 2015.67(2):525-34. DOI:10.2298/ABS141006015M
Authors: Editorial E
Published: October 2016

The Editor-in-Chief has been informed that Fig. 1 A1 in the article
Milutinovic MG, Stankovic MS, Cvetkovic DM, Topuzovic MD, Mihailovic VB,
Markovic SD. Antioxidant and anticancer properties of leaves and seed cones
from European yew (Taxus baccata L.). Arch Biol Sci. 2015.67(2):525-34.
DOI:10.2298/ABS141006015M has already been published in the article
Stankovic MS, Curcic MG, Zizic JB, Topuzovic MD, Solujic SR, Markovic SD.
Teucrium plant species as natural sources of novel anticancer compounds:
antiproliferative, proapoptotic and antioxidant properties. Int J Mol Sci.
2011;12(7):4190-205. DOI:10.3390/ijms12074190 in Fig. 2.1 without proper
referencing. After further discussion with the corresponding author, since
this omission does not alter the interpretation of the data in any way, the
Editor-in-Chief has decided to publish a corrigendum for this article,
providing the correct legend to Fig. 1 A1 and an additional reference in the
References section. The correct legend to Fig. 1 A1 is: ?HCT-116 cells, as
presented in Stankovic et al., 2011; "The following reference has now been
added to the References section: Stankovic, M.S., Curcic, M.G., Zizic,
J.B., Topuzovic M.D., Solujic, S.R., Markovic, S.D. (2011). Teucrium plant
species as natural sources of novel anticancer compounds: antiproliferative,
proapoptotic and antioxidant properties. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 12(7),4190-4205.

 Link to the corrected article 10.2298/ABS141006015M
Selective leaching of nickel from prereduced limonitic laterite under moderate HPAL conditions- part I: Dissolution
Authors: Chang Y. , Zhao K. , Pesic B.
Published: October 2016

High pressure acid leaching (HPAL) is the primary method for extraction of
nickel from limonitic laterite. The severe operating conditions, the
complexity of facilities, and several technical problems, such as scale
formation, have always accompanied the HPAL, however. In this paper, the
selective acid leaching of nickel from the pre-reduced limonitic laterite
under moderate HPAL conditions was studied. For the calcine with reduction
degree of 93.4%, about 88.2% nickel could be selectively extracted at 100?C
with an acid/ore ratio of 0.164, leaving less then 5.0g/L iron in the
solution. Further increase of leaching temperature, and the ensuing
dehydration, transformed goethite in the leaching residue to hematite. When
the temperatures were as high as 180?C, the recovery of nickel increased to
95.2%, within one hour, depressing the residual soluble iron to below 1.0g/L
(pO2= 1.0 MPa, acid/ore= 0.287).
Does the quality of public policies and institutions matter for entrepreneurial activity? Evidences from the European Union’s member states
Authors: Dima Bogdan , Lobonţ Oana-Ramona , Nicoleta-Claudia N
Published: October 2016

By using data related to the 15 European Union ?old? and ?new? Member States,
for a time span between 2001 and 2014, the present paper supports the thesis
of a positive and significant correlation between the quality of governance
and entrepreneurial activity. In order to test such correlation, the elements
of Governance Quality reported by the World Bank?s Worldwide Governance
Indicators (WGI) project were considered. Some key aspects of entrepreneurial
activity reflected by Total Early-Stage Entrepreneurial Activity, Perceived
Opportunities and Perceived Capabilities were taken into account based on The
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) database. In addition, in order to
reflect the structural rigidities and tensions from the labour market, the
unemployment rate provided by the World Bank?s World Development Indicators
database was considered as a control variable. The effect of the inclusion of
a country in a certain development group, according to the most recent World
Bank classification (?low-income economies? to ?high-income economies?), was
also considered in a multi-level analytical framework with a two-level model.
The results of this study clearly indicate that higher levels of public
policies and institutions? credibility/effectiveness produce a positive and
robust impact on entrepreneurial climate.
The changes of oxidative stress and endothelial function biomarkers after 6 weeks of aerobic physical training in patients with stable ischemic coronary disease
Authors: Djindjic Boris , Radovanovic Zoran , Kostic Tomislav , Natasa Djindjic , Lazovic Marko
Published: October 2016

Introduction: Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation improves endothelialBackground/Aim. Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation improves endothelial function, reduces cardiac mortality and anginal symptoms in patients with established cardiovascular disease. We evaluated the changes of oxidative stress and endothelial function biomarkers after 6 weeks of aerobic physical training in patients with stable ischemic coronary disease (IHD) participating in a cardiovascular rehabilitation exercise program. Methods. Thirty-five patients with stable IHD engaged in cardiovascular rehabilitation program with the regular aerobic physical activity during 6 weeks were consecutively included together with 37 control, age and sex-matched, IHD patients with a sedentary lifestyle. Clinical data about anthropometric and cardiovascular parameters and laboratory data: serum cell adhesion molecules intracellular (sICAM-1) and vascular (sVCAM-1), reactive carbonyl derivatives (RCD), lipid peroxidation products malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) concentration were determined at the beginning and after 6 weeks of aerobic training (45 minutes of continuous exercise up to 80% of maximal heart rate, 3 times a week). Results. The baseline characteristics of examined groups were similar according to age, gender, and cardiovascular risk profiles. The regular aerobic physical activity induced significant reduction of body mass index, blood pressure, heart rate, triglycerides, RCD (1.27 ? 0.48 ?mol/g proteins vs. 1.04 ? 0.22 ?mol/g proteins), sVCAM-1 [100.4, interquartile range (IQR)(78.4?118.3) ng/mL vs. 80.0 IQR(68.5?97.2 ng/mL)] and increasing of NO (64.72 ? 16.06 nmol/mg proteins vs. 74.38 ? 18.57 nmol/mg proteins) and HDL cholesterol (p < 0.05), which was not seen in sedentary control RCD (1.16 ? 0.25 interquartile range vs. 1.12 ? 0.14 interquartile range), sVCAM-1 [92.2 IQR (73.6?106.8 ng/mL) vs. 91.3 IQR (73.0?105.3 ng/mL) and NO (68.5 ? 17.9 nmol/mg vs. 65.7 ? 19.6). The values of sICAM-1 were lower in exercise training group baseline without significant changes during observation [80.74 IQR (54.92?97.3) vs. 80.36 IQR (68.1?95.3)] compared to the control
Radiographic cephalometry analysis of head posture and craniofacial morphology in oral breathing children
Authors: Vukicevic Vladanka , Pavlovic Jasna , Vujacic Amila , Martinovic Brankica , Kostic Mirjana , Staletovic Danijela
Published: October 2016

Background/Aim. Nasal breathing plays an important role in overall physical growth and mental development, as well as in the growth of the craniofacial complex. Oral breathing over a long period of time, can cause changes in position of the head relative to the cervical spine and jaw relationship. It can cause an open bite and the narrowness of the maxillary arch due to increased pressure of strained face. The aim of this study was to analyze the position of the head and craniofacial morphology in oral breathing children, and compare the values obtained compared with those of the same parameters in nasal brething children. Methods. We analyzed the profile cephalometric radiographs of 60 patients who had various orthodontic problems. In the first group there were 30 patients aged 8?14 years, in which oral breathing is confirmed by clinical examination. In the second group there were 30 patients of the same age who had orthodontic problems, but did not show clinical signs of oral breathing. The analyses covered the following: craniocervical angle (NS/OPT), the length of the anterior cranial base (NS), anterior facial height (N-Me), posterior facial height (S-Go), the angle of maxillary prognathism (SNA), angle of mandibular prognathism (SNB), difference between angles SNA and SNB (ANB angle), the angle of the basal planes of the jaws (SpP/MP), cranial base angle (NSB), and the angle of facial convexity (NA/Apg). Results. The average value of the craniocervical angle (NS/OPT) was significantly higher in OB children (p = 0.004). There were significantly different values of SNA (p < 0.001), ANB (p < 0.001), NA/APg (p < 0.001) and length of the anterior cranial base (NS) (p = 0.024) between groups. Conclusion. Oral breathing children have pronounced retroflexion of the head in relation to the cervical spine compared to nasal breathing children, and the most prominent characteristics of the craniofacial morphology of skeletal jaw relationship of class II and increased facial convexity.
Enhancing the hardness/compression/damping response of magnesium by reinforcing with biocompatible silica nanoparticulates
Authors: Parande Gururaj , Manakari Vyasaraj , Meenashisundaram Ganesh Kumar , Gupta Manoj
Published: October 2016

Low volume fraction silica nanoparticulate-containing magnesium composites targeting structural and biomedical applications were synthesized using the blend–press–sinter powder metallurgy technique followed by hot extrusion, and subsequently characterized for their microstructural, mechanical and damping properties. The results of microstructural characterization revealed a maximum ∼32% reduction in grain size with 2 vol.% addition of SiO2 nanoparticulates. The compressive properties of pure magnesium increased with the addition of SiO2 nanoparticulates with Mg-2 vol.% SiO2 nanocomposite exhibiting the maximum 0.2% compressive yield strength and compressive fracture strain. The addition of SiO2 nanoparticulates enhanced the damping characteristics of pure magnesium with Mg-2 vol.% SiO2 nanocomposite exhibiting the maximum damping capacity and damping loss rate with a minimum change in elastic modulus which is favorable when targeting magnesium for biomedical applications. An attempt has also been made in this study to compare the biomechanical properties of synthesized Mg–SiO2 nanocomposites with those of natural bone.
Effects of martensite cold work on the reverse austenite formation
Authors: de Melo Ricardo Vilain , de Oliveira Carlos Augusto Silva , Suski Cássio Aurélio
Published: October 2016

The effects of martensite cold work on the reverse austenite formation were analyzed using vibrating sample magnetometry. The samples were previously austenitized at 820°C for 30 min and then subjected to 85% height reduction. In sequence, the samples were aged at 600°C for different periods of time. For comparison purposes a set of non-deformed samples – labelled as 0% deformation – was submitted to the same aging conditions. The mechanical deformation initially retarded the reverse austenite formation in the matrix.
Study of plastic deformation mechanisms in TA15 titanium alloy by combination of geometrically necessary and statistically-stored dislocations
Authors: He Dong , Li Qiang , Yan Yu , Huang Xiguang , Yasmeen Tabassam
Published: October 2016

This study combines geometrically necessary dislocation analysis and statistically-stored dislocation identification to investigate plastic deformation mechanisms in TA15 titanium alloy. Tensile tests were conducted up to different strains at room temperature. The slip lines were observed and identified using high resolution scanning electron microscopy. Geometrically necessary dislocations were calculated based on strain gradient theories. The statistically-stored dislocations were studied using transmission electron microscopy under two beam conditions. The results indicate that the ratio of -type geometrically necessary dislocation density to -type decreases from 5 – 8 to 1 – 3 with increasing strain from 0.8 % to 2.0 %. The -type slip is the dominant deformation mechanism at the early stage of plastic deformation, whereas -slips become dominant with further increase in deformation strain.
Effects of an integrated geriatric group balance class within an entry-level Doctorate of Physical Therapy program on students’ perceptions of geriatrics and geriatric education in the United States
Authors: Reneker Jennifer C. , Weems Kyra , Scaia Vincent
Published: October 2016

This study was aimed at determining the effect of an integrated group balance class for community-dwelling older adults within entry-level physical therapist coursework on student perceptions of geriatric physical therapy and geriatric physical therapy education. Twenty-nine Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) students, 21–33 years old, in their second year of coursework in 2012, participated in an integrated clinical experience with exposure to geriatric patients at an outpatient facility at the Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center in Akron, Ohio, USA. Student perceptions were collected before and after participation in the 8-week balance class. The Wilcoxon sign-ranked test was used to identify differences in perceptions after participation in the group balance class. Cohen’s d-values were calculated to measure the size of the pre-participation to post-participation effect for each measure. At the conclusion of the group class, the DPT students demonstrated an increase in positive perceptions of geriatric physical therapy in 8 measures, with small effect sizes (d=0.15–0.30). Two perceptions of geriatric physical therapy demonstrated a significant positive increase (P<0.05) with moderate effect sizes (d=0.47 and d=0.50). The students’ perceptions of geriatric education in the curriculum demonstrated a large positive effect for quality (d=1.68) and enjoyment (d=1.96). Positive changes were found in most of the perceptions of geriatrics and geriatric education after participation, suggesting that integrated clinical experiences with geriatric patients are an effective way to positively influence perceptions of physical therapist practice with older adults.
Determinants of the Use of Certified Seed Potato among Smallholder Farmers: The Case of Potato Growers in Central and Eastern Kenya
Authors: Okello Julius , Zhou Yuan , Kwikiriza Norman , Ogutu Sylvester , Barker Ian , Schulte-Geldermann Elmar , Atieno Elly , Ahmed Justin
Published: October 2016

Potato yields in sub-Saharan Africa remain very low compared with those of developed countries. Yet potato is major food staple and source of income to the predominantly smallholder growing households in the tropical highlands of this region. A major cause of the low potato yields is the use of poor quality seed potato. This paper examines the factors determining the decision to use certified seed potato (CSP), as well as the intensity of its use, among potato growers with access to it. We focused on potato growers in the central highlands of Kenya and used regression analysis to test hypotheses relating to potential impediments of CSP use. The study found that the distance to the market (a proxy for transaction costs), household food insecurity, and asset endowment affect the decision to use CSP. However, the effect of the intensity of use of CSP depends on how the intensity variable is defined. Several other control variables also affect the decision and extent of CSP use. The study concludes that transaction costs, asset endowment, and household food insecurity play a major role in the decision by smallholder potato farmers to use CSP and the extent to which they do so. We also discuss the policy implications of the findings.
A Chaotic Secure Communication System Design Based on Iterative Learning Control Theory
Authors: Acho Leonardo
Published: October 2016

This paper presents an application of Iterative Learning Control (ILC) theory to secure communication system design by using chaotic signals, where the logistic-map is employed as a source of chaos. Meanwhile, the ILC scheme is employed as a tool to encrypt and decrypt a message. A set of numerical experiments is realized to evidence the performance of our system, including the noisy case on the channels of communication of the proposed scheme.
A Cost-Effective Tracking Algorithm for Hypersonic Glide Vehicle Maneuver Based on Modified Aerodynamic Model
Authors: Fan Yu , Zhu Wuxuan , Bai Guangzhou
Published: October 2016

In order to defend the hypersonic glide vehicle (HGV), a cost-effective single-model tracking algorithm using Cubature Kalman filter (CKF) is proposed in this paper based on modified aerodynamic model (MAM) as process equation and radar measurement model as measurement equation. In the existing aerodynamic model, the two control variables attack angle and bank angle cannot be measured by the existing radar equipment and their control laws cannot be known by defenders. To establish the process equation, the MAM for HGV tracking is proposed by using additive white noise to model the rates of change of the two control variables. For the ease of comparison several multiple model algorithms based on CKF are presented, including interacting multiple model (IMM) algorithm, adaptive grid interacting multiple model (AGIMM) algorithm and hybrid grid multiple model (HGMM) algorithm. The performances of these algorithms are compared and analyzed according to the simulation results. The simulation results indicate that the proposed tracking algorithm based on modified aerodynamic model has the best tracking performance with the best accuracy and least computational cost among all tracking algorithms in this paper. The proposed algorithm is cost-effective for HGV tracking.
A Novel Sequence-Based Feature for the Identification of DNA-Binding Sites in Proteins Using Jensen–Shannon Divergence
Authors: Dang Truong , Meckbach Cornelia , Tacke Rebecca , Waack Stephan , Gültas Mehmet
Published: October 2016

The knowledge of protein-DNA interactions is essential to fully understand the molecular activities of life. Many research groups have developed various tools which are either structure- or sequence-based approaches to predict the DNA-binding residues in proteins. The structure-based methods usually achieve good results, but require the knowledge of the 3D structure of protein; while sequence-based methods can be applied to high-throughput of proteins, but require good features. In this study, we present a new information theoretic feature derived from Jensen–Shannon Divergence (JSD) between amino acid distribution of a site and the background distribution of non-binding sites. Our new feature indicates the difference of a certain site from a non-binding site, thus it is informative for detecting binding sites in proteins. We conduct the study with a five-fold cross validation of 263 proteins utilizing the Random Forest classifier. We evaluate the functionality of our new features by combining them with other popular existing features such as position-specific scoring matrix (PSSM), orthogonal binary vector (OBV), and secondary structure (SS). We notice that by adding our features, we can significantly boost the performance of Random Forest classifier, with a clear increment of sensitivity and Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC).
Mapping the Geothermal System Using AMT and MT in the Mapamyum (QP) Field, Lake Manasarovar, Southwestern Tibet
Authors: He Lanfang , Chen Ling , Dorji  , Xi Xiaolu , Zhao Xuefeng , Chen Rujun , Yao Hongchun
Published: October 2016

Southwestern Tibet plays a crucial role in the protection of the ecological environment and biodiversity of Southern Asia but lacks energy in terms of both power and fuel. The widely distributed geothermal resources in this region could be considered as potential alternative sources of power and heat. However, most of the known geothermal fields in Southwestern Tibet are poorly prospected and currently almost no geothermal energy is exploited. Here we present a case study mapping the Mapamyum (QP) geothermal field of Southwestern Tibet using audio magnetotellurics (AMT) and magnetotellurics (MT) methods. AMT in the frequency range 11.5–11,500 Hz was used to map the upper part of this geothermal reservoir to a depth of 1000 m, and MT in the frequency range 0.001–320 Hz was used to map the heat source, thermal fluid path, and lower part of the geothermal reservoir to a depth greater than 1000 m. Data from 1300 MT and 680 AMT stations were acquired around the geothermal field. Bostick conversion with electromagnetic array profiling (EMAP) filtering and nonlinear conjugate gradient inversion (NLCGI) was used for data inversion. The AMT and MT results presented here elucidate the geoelectric structure of the QP geothermal field, and provide a background for understanding the reservoir, the thermal fluid path, and the heat source of the geothermal system. We identified a low resistivity anomaly characterized by resistivity in the range of 1–8 Ω∙m at a depth greater than 7 km. This feature was interpreted as a potential reflection of the partially melted magma in the upper crust, which might correlate to mantle upwelling along the Karakorum fault. It is likely that the magma is the heat source of the QP geothermal system, and potentially provides new geophysical evidence to understand the occurrence of the partially melted magmas in the upper crust in Southwestern Tibet.
Determination of Optimized Parameters for the Flexible Operation of a Biomass-Fueled, Microscale Externally Fired Gas Turbine (EFGT)
Authors: Bdour Mathhar , Al-Addous Mohammad , Nelles Michael , Ortwein Andreas
Published: October 2016

Biomass as a source of renewable energy is a promising solution for current problems in energy supply. Olive waste is considered as an interesting option, especially for Mediterranean countries. Within this paper, a microscale externally fired gas turbine (EFGT) technology is presented as a decentralized power plant, within the range of 15 kWth, based on olive residues. It was modeled by Aspen Plus 8.6 software to provide a sufficient technical study for such a plant. Optimized parameters for pressure ratio and turbine air-mass flow have been mapped for several loads to provide information for process control. For all cases, mechanical output, efficiency curves, and back-work ratio have been calculated. Using this information, typical plant sizes and an example of power production are discussed. Additionally, achievable energy production from olive waste is estimated on the basis of this data. The results of this study show that such a plant has an electrical efficiency of 5%–17%. This variation is due to the examination being performed under several combustion temperatures, actual load, heat exchanger temperatures, and heat transfer efficiency. A cost estimation of the discussed system showed an estimated capital cost of 33,800 to 65,300 € for a 15 kWth system.
Gluten-Free Bread: Influence of Sourdough and Compressed Yeast on Proofing and Baking Properties
Authors: Cappa Carola , Lucisano Mara , Raineri Andrea , Fongaro Lorenzo , Foschino Roberto , Mariotti Manuela
Published: October 2016

The use of sourdough is the oldest biotechnological process to leaven baked goods, and it represents a suitable technology to improve traditional bread texture, aroma, and shelf life. A limited number of studies concerning the use of sourdough in gluten-free (GF) breadmaking have been published in comparison to those on traditional bread. The aim of this study was to compare the properties of GF breads obtained by using a previously in-lab developed GF-sourdough (SD), compressed yeast (CY; Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or their mixture (SDCY) as leavening agents; more specifically, it aims to confirm the findings of a previous studies and to further improve (both in terms of recipe and process) the features of the resulting GF breads. Dough pH and rheological properties were measured. Fresh and stored breads were characterized for weight, height, specific volume, crust and crumb color, moisture, water activity, crumb hardness, and porosity. The combination SDCY was effective in improving bread volume and softness when compared to SD only. Furthermore, SD- and SDCY-crumbs exhibited a less crumbly behavior during storage (69 h, 25 °C, 60% of relative humidity) in comparison to CY-breads. This study confirms the positive effect of SD in GF breadmaking, in particular when used in combination with CY.
Evolutionary Inspection and Corruption Games
Authors: Katsikas Stamatios , Kolokoltsov Vassili , Yang Wei
Published: October 2016

We extend a standard two-person, non-cooperative, non-zero sum, imperfect inspection game, considering a large population of interacting inspectees and a single inspector. Each inspectee adopts one strategy, within a finite/infinite bounded set of strategies returning increasingly illegal profits, including compliance. The inspectees may periodically update their strategies after randomly inter-comparing the obtained payoffs, setting their collective behaviour subject to evolutionary pressure. The inspector decides, at each update period, the optimum fraction of his/her renewable budget to invest on his/her interference with the inspectees’ collective effect. To deter the inspectees from violating, he/she assigns a fine to each illegal strategy. We formulate the game mathematically, study its dynamics and predict its evolution subject to two key controls, the inspection budget and the punishment fine. Introducing a simple linguistic twist, we also capture the corresponding version of a corruption game.