bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMPACTOS DA CULTURA ORGANIZACIONAL NO MAPEAMENTO DE PROCESSOS
Authors: Almeida Maria Fabiana Izidio de , Vitoriano Marcia Cristina de Carvalho Pazin , Moraes Cassia Regina Bassan de
Published: December 2021

A organização que capta e registra o conhecimento dos colaboradores, tem a oportunidade de criar redes de aprendizagem, revisão, aperfeiçoamento e dinamismo aos seus processos, proporcionando aos colaboradores possibilidade de novos conhecimentos, por meio de compartilhamento. Para tal atividade é necessário realizar o mapeamento dos processos, verificando a cultura existente na organização. Diante desse cenário, a presente pesquisa investiga: quais as dificuldades vivenciadas ao iniciar o mapeamento de processos em uma organização? Partindo dessa indagação, identificar as dificuldades vivenciadas ao iniciar o mapeamento de processos em uma organização é o objetivo geral norteador desta pesquisa. A pesquisa tem natureza qualitativa, do tipo descritiva-exploratória, o universo é uma empresa privada e o sujeito investigado um profissional que trabalha com mapeamento de processos há oito anos. Como procedimento metodológico foi utilizado um questionário por meio da ferramenta Google Forms, para compreender o trabalho e as dificuldades do Sujeito X ao realizar o mapeamento de processos. Aponta-se como principais resultados que as dificuldades vivenciadas ao mapear os processos são: a cultura organizacional e os colaboradores em todos os níveis hierárquicos.
REPRESENTAÇÃO DESCRITIVA E REPRESENTAÇÃO TEMÁTICA NA ARQUIVOLOGIA
Authors: Davanzo Luciana , De Carvalho Pazin Vitoriano Marcia Cristina , Moreira Walter
Published: December 2021

Diante de um cenário de ampliação da produção e da circulação da informação, em virtude das transformações ocasionadas pelas tecnologias digitais, o artigo discute como os processos de representação da informação podem auxiliar a Arquivologia a melhorar a organização e a recuperação da informação. Sendo assim, a problemática da pesquisa pode ser formulada na seguinte questão: como a padronização terminológica tem afetado os processos de representação da informação na Arquivologia?  Acredita-se que a partir do uso de um instrumento que colabore com questões relacionadas ao controle e à padronização terminológica, a Arquivologia pode melhorar de maneira significativa o tratamento da informação produzida e acumulada pelas organizações. O objetivo geral da pesquisa consiste em identificar quais pesquisas foram desenvolvidas de forma que abordassem os usos dos vocabulários controlados na Arquivologia, para que a partir de tais estudos, seja possível compreender como [e se] a Arquivologia tem feito uso desse instrumento com vistas a melhorar o processo de organização, representação e recuperação da informação orgânica presente nos arquivos. Como procedimentos metodológicos, realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica, de natureza exploratória, na Base de Dados Referencial de Artigos de Periódicos em Ciência da Informação (BRAPCI), com vistas a identificar trabalhos que tratem sobre uso dos vocabulários controlados na Arquivologia. Para a composição do corpus documental foram utilizados os seguintes termos, como estratégia de busca: “Arquivologia”, “Representação Descritiva”, “Representação Temática” e “Vocabulário Controlado”. Como resultados, a pesquisa demonstra que, embora os vocabulários controlados contribuam com o tratamento da informação, principalmente porque atuam no controle e padronização terminológica, ainda existe certo distanciamento do tema na literatura arquivística, sendo poucos os trabalhos recuperados.
Photothermal Responsive Microspheres‐Triggered Separable Microneedles for Versatile Drug Delivery
Authors: Fan Lu , Zhang Xiaoxuan , Nie Min , Xu Ye , Wang Yuetong , Shang Luoran , Zhao Yongxiang , Zhao Yuanjin
Published: December 2021

Microneedle (MN) patches are promising stratagems for transdermal drug delivery owing to its minimal invasiveness and portability. Particularly, separable MN patches attract more attention for durable and long‐term drug delivery. Here, a new strategy for designing controllably separable MN patches by integrating photothermal responsive phase‐changing microspheres (MPs) into conical hydrogel MNs, is presented. Such MPs consist of near‐infrared (NIR)‐responsive black‐phosphorus (BP) and phase‐changing gelatin (GT), and are fabricated using a simple capillary microfluidic device. When the composite MN patch is exposed to NIR, the contained BP/GT MPs can transform light into heat, increase local temperature, turn into a liquid state, and form cavities in MNs, resulting in the convenient detachment of the backing plate and the needles by shear force. Subsequently, the embedded needles can sustainably release the drug. In addition to intelligently controlling the detachment of MNs, the BP/GT MPs can load macromolecular drugs and release them in response to NIR stimulation. Results further demonstrated that such controllably separable MN patch can effectively load and release two drugs to ameliorate disease progression for systemic lupus erythematosus treatment. These features indicate the practical values of controllably separable MN patches for versatile drug delivery and clinical applications.
Fluorination‐Enhanced Surface Stability of Disordered Rocksalt Cathodes
Authors: Li Linze , Ahn Juhyeon , Yue Yuan , Tong Wei , Chen Guoying , Wang Chongmin
Published: December 2021

Cation‐disordered rocksalt (DRX) oxides are a promising new class of high‐energy‐density cathode materials for next‐generation Li‐ion batteries. However, their capacity fade presents a major challenge. Partial fluorine (F) substitution into the oxygen (O) lattice appears to be an effective strategy for improving the cycling stability, but the underlying atomistic mechanism remains elusive. Here, using a combination of advanced transmission electron microscopy based imaging and spectroscopy techniques, the structural and chemical evolution upon cycling of Mn‐based DRX cathodes with an increasing F content (Li–Mn–Nb–O–Fx, x = 0, 0.05, 0.2) are probed. The atomic origin behind the beneficial effect of high‐level fluorination for enhancing the surface stability of the DRX is revealed. It is discovered that, due to the reduced O redox activity while with increasing F concentration, F in the DRX lattice mitigates the formation of an O‐deficient surface layer upon cycling. For low F‐substituted DRX, the O loss near the surface results in the formation of an amorphous cathode–electrolyte interphase layer and nanoscale voids after extended cycling. Increased F concentration in the DRX lattice minimizes both O loss and the interfacial reactions between DRX and the liquid electrolyte, enhancing the surface stability of DRX. These results provide guidance on the development of next‐generation cathode materials through anion substitution.
Seasonality of salmonid parasites from flow‐through aquaculture in northern Germany: Emphasis on pathogenicity of Diplostomum spp. metacercaria
Authors: Unger Patrick , Suthar Jaydipbhai , Baustian Falko , Neitemeier‐Duventester Xaver , Kleinertz Sonja , Palm Harry W.
Published: December 2021

The aim of the present study was to identify the parasite fauna of cultured rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) and Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus (L.)) from a flow‐through aquaculture system at Lake Tollense in northern Germany. The fish were sampled during different seasons in 2018 from an open freshwater raceway. For rainbow trout, 10 different parasite species were isolated, belonging to Monogenea (1), Cestoda (2), Crustacea (2) and Digenea (5), including the eye flukes Tylodelphys clavata Niewiadomska, 1984, Diplostomum pseudospathaceum and Diplostomum spathaceum (Rudolphi, 1819) Olsson, 1876, the latter representing a potential pathogenic species, which was molecularly identified and reported as a core species with prevalences of 80.0%–100.0% and high mean abundances of 42.8–55.0. Arctic charr only harboured T. clavata and D. spathaceum. Other taxa were found with low prevalence in the summer season exclusively, indicating strong seasonality of the detected parasites. Statistical correlation was positively tested for coherences of eye fluke burden and fish growth, weight and performance between seasons, recommending implementation of an enhanced aquaculture management for the surface water–dependent flow‐through aquaculture system at Lake Tollense.
Tea plant growth and soil nutrients in response to the application of fertilizer in Guizhou province, China
Authors: Sui Changling , Guan Xiaoxi , Zhang Weiwei , Zeng Boping , Zhang Qin , Luo Lanshiyu , Hu Li , Liu Lei
Published: December 2021

More than half of the total production of tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze] in China is produced in the Guizhou province. However, in this region soils generally have low soil fertility, so new techniques to improve the productivity and fertility are needed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of application of seven types of humic acid‐based organic–inorganic compound fertilizer (HTOF) on tea quality and productivity. Two different cultivars of tea (cultivars Shiqiantaicha and Fudingdabaicha) were used as model plants. In the research, seven different HTOF fertilizers were tested at two sites. Application of the HTOF increased soil pH to a range closer to that most suitable for the growth of tea plants and relatively increased soil organic matter, ammonium‐N, inorganic P, and extractable K. In addition, HTOF increased tea bud weights and density. Application of HTOF‐1 also produced the best responses among all products tested. Findings from this study indicate that formula is recommended for application during the production of young C. sinensis tea plants.
How to Establish the Bipolar Forceps Dissection Method in Robotic Inguinal Hernia Repair
Authors: Saito Takuya , Fukami Yasuyuki , Komatsu Shunichiro , Kaneko Kenitiro , Sano Tsuyoshi
Published: December 2021

The number of robotic inguinal hernia repair (RIHR) surgeries performed by younger surgeons and surgical residents has been growing worldwide. As a result, there has been growing interest in the pace at which surgeons develop their competencies. In Japan, the number of robotic surgeries with the double bipolar technique for gastric cancer is increasing. We devised an RIHR technique for a right‐hand‐dominant surgeon. This article describes the procedure and step‐by‐step instructions for this technique. We also assessed the learning curve of a surgeon experienced in the laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) approach and robotic gastrectomy. This was a retrospective review of 31 inguinal hernia patients (40 lesions) between December 2018 and April 2021 operated by a single surgeon. The cumulative summation technique (CUSUM) was used to construct a learning curve for robotic proficiency by analyzing the times for peritoneal flap creation, mesh placement, and peritoneal closure. The postoperative course, namely, the length of hospital stay, 30‐d complications, and 30‐d readmission rates, was evaluated. The CUSUM graph for the total time for each phase indicated an initial decrease at lesion 12 and another decrease at lesion 36, generating three distinct performance phases: learning (n = 12 procedures), competence (n = 24), and mastery (n = 4). Between the early and late periods, no significant differences in patient characteristics or surgical outcomes were found. The learning curve for this technique was divided into three performance phases, and the technique was safely achievable in 36 procedures by a surgeon with previous experience in laparoscopic TAPP.
Base‐Promoted Three‐Component Cyclization and Coupling Strategy for the Synthesis of Substituted 3‐Aryl‐5‐thio‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole‐2‐thiones
Authors: Guo Wei , Mei Weijie , Liu Gongping , Deng Ling , Zou Xiaoying , Zhong Yumei , Zhuo Xiaoya , Fan Xiaolin , Zheng Lvyin
Published: December 2021

An effective base‐promoted cyclization and coupling strategy for the construction of substituted 3‐aryl‐5‐thio‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole‐2‐thiones from phenylhydrazines, olefins and CS2 is developed through employing CS2 as a sulfur feedstock. The reaction proceeds under mild reaction conditions in the absence of any external catalysts, transition metals and ligands. The one‐step three‐component procedure also shows the merits of simple operation, using available starting materials, wide substrate scopes, and high atom and step economy. This reaction provides facile access to substituted 3‐aryl‐5‐thio‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole‐2‐thiones, which could be used in the field of drug research.
Systematic review of olfactory outcomes after nasoseptal flap harvest for endoscopic skull base surgery: Does using cold steel or olfactory strip preservation matter?
Authors: Kılıç Suat , Sreenath Satyan B. , Grafmiller Kevin , Woodard Troy D. , Recinos Pablo F. , Kshettry Varun R. , Sindwani Raj
Published: December 2021

Background

Several studies have described techniques aimed at mitigating olfactory dysfunction after nasoseptal flap (NSF) harvest for endoscopic skull base surgery (ESBS). No consensus exists as to whether popular methods including using cold steel (CS) versus electrocautery (EC) or septal olfactory strip (SOS) preservation offer an advantage. This systematic review was performed to examine the impact of these two technical variations of NSF harvest on postoperative olfactory outcomes.

Methods

Following PRISMA guidelines, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for articles reporting olfactory outcomes in ESBS cases employing an NSF. Original articles focusing on technique variations of the NSF and reporting at least one objective olfactory measure were included.

Results

Nine studies comprising 610 patients were included. Various, olfactory testing outcomes were reported, and postoperative follow‐up ranged from 6 weeks to 12 months. Three studies, including a randomized controlled trial, compared the use of CS and EC for the superior incision of the NSF. No significant difference was found in objective olfactory function (p > 0.05) when comparing these techniques. Five studies comprising 504 patients reported results from SOS‐sparing. SOS‐sparing technique in NSF harvest demonstrated smell preservation in the postoperative setting when compared with preoperative measures (p > 0.05); however, no direct comparison to non‐SOS‐sparing techniques was made.

Conclusion

The use of CS as opposed to EC for the superior NSF incision does not appear to confer an advantage in preserving postoperative olfactory function (grade B evidence). SOS preservation may be associated with better olfactory outcomes in NSF harvest (grade C evidence).
Regio‐ and Diastereoselective [3+2] Annulation of Aliphatic Aldimines with Alkenes by Scandium‐Catalyzed β‐C(sp3)−H Activation
Authors: Cong Xuefeng , Zhuo Qingde , Hao Na , Mo Zhenbo , Zhan Gu , Nishiura Masayoshi , Hou Zhaomin
Published: December 2021

Here we report for the first time the regio‐ and diastereoselective [3+2] annulation of a wide range of aliphatic aldimines with alkenes via the activation of an unactivated β‐C(sp3)−H bond by half‐sandwich scandium catalysts. This protocol offers a straightforward and atom‐efficient route for the synthesis of a new family of multi‐substituted aminocyclopentane derivatives from easily accessible aliphatic aldimines and alkenes. The annulation of aldimines with styrenes exclusively afforded the 5‐aryl‐trans‐substituted 1‐aminocyclopentane derivatives with excellent diastereoselectivity through the 2,1‐insertion of a styrene unit. The annulation of aldimines with aliphatic alkenes selectively gave the 4‐alkyl‐trans‐substituted 1‐aminocyclopentane products in a 1,2‐insertion fashion. A catalytic amount of an appropriate amine such as adamantylamine (AdNH2) or dibenzylamine (Bn2NH) showed significant effects on the catalyst activity and stereoselectivity.
Deception and the marketplace of ideas
Authors: Levine Emma E. , Duncan Shannon
Published: December 2021

American democracy is built, in part, on the ideal of a “free marketplace of ideas.” Consumers are assumed to have access to the same arguments, and through deliberation, come to a consensus about which arguments are true, and therefore, best. In this article, we explain how deceptive communication undermines this ideal. We focus on two key dimensions—the motive of deception and the perception of dishonesty—that influence people's propensity to deceive and the social rewards of doing so. Deception is seen as the most justified when it is morally motivated and when it involves indirect tactics that are not perceived as particularly dishonest. We argue, therefore, that morally motivated half‐truths, rather than blatantly selfish lies, may do the greatest damage to the marketplace of ideas. Ultimately, this article advances our understanding of the causes and consequences of deception and helps to explain the dynamics that lead to widespread misinformation in our social world.
A strategy to compute quantum chemical potential energies of inhomogeneous OH bonds in water molecules
Authors: Jeon Kiyoung , Yang Mino
Published: December 2021

We suggest an extrapolation method to achieve the complete basis set limits of Hartree–Fock (HF) and electron correlation (EC) energies of water molecules from the energies computed with double‐ and triple‐zeta basis functions. We are particularly interested in HF and EC potential energies for the stretching motion of an OH bond interacting with other water molecules. The EC potential energy was found to be influenced mainly by the nearest neighbor of the bond, hydrogen‐bond acceptor, whereas the HF potential energy is also affected by other neighboring molecules around the bond. This finding suggests that the HF theory can be an effective method with accuracy in predicting the inhomogeneous vibrational properties of the OH bonds interacting with other molecules if the EC energy of an isolated molecular pair including its hydrogen‐bond partner is supplemented.
2D‐QSAR and molecular docking studies of carbamate derivatives to discover novel potent anti‐butyrylcholinesterase agents for Alzheimer's disease treatment
Authors: Nour Hassan , Abchir Oussama , Belaidi Salah , Qais Faizan Abul , Chtita Samir , Belaaouad Said
Published: December 2021

Currently, anti‐butyrylcholinesterase (anti‐BuChE)is among the greatest therapeutic agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. In this research, a series of 36 carbamate derivatives were subjected to a quantitative structure–activity relationships study using DFT and Lipinski's descriptors. Multiple linear regression (MLR) was used to explore the relationships between the structural features of these compounds and BuChE inhibitory activity. In order to generate results applicable in the experimental plan, the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development guidelines were adopted. The quality of MLR model was evaluated by several statistical parameters including internal and external validation parameters (R2, R2adj, F, VIF, R2test, Q2CV, R2Rand, Q2CV [Rand], and cRp2). The built model displayed a high predictive power (R2test = 0.817). What is more, the internal validation parameters (Q2CV = 0.774; average R2Rand = 0.118; average Q2CV [Rand] = −0.438; cRp2 = 0.820) highlight the robustness of our built model. Besides, the obtained result revealed that anti‐BuChE activity is mainly attributed to the following molecular descriptors: octanol–water partition (log P), highest occupied molecular orbital energy (EHOMO), total energy (ET), and dipole moment (μ). Based on these findings, a series of newer synthesizable compounds with enhanced anti‐BuChE activities were designed and their ADMET and drug‐likeness properties were further predicted to filter out compounds likely to fail during drug development stages. Finally, molecular docking and molecular dynamics were performed to identify the binding types between the best designed compounds and BuChE enzyme.
Depression and anxiety symptoms and perceived stress in health professionals in the context of COVID‐19: Do adverse childhood experiences have a modulating effect?
Authors: Fernández‐Arana Alberto , Olórtegui‐Yzú Adriel , Vega‐Dienstmaier Johann M. , Cuesta Manuel J.
Published: December 2021

Background

Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) have a great impact on mental health outcomes of adults. However, little is known whether ACE may act as modulators of the mental health of health professionals caring for patients with COVID‐19.

Methods

Data were collected through an online cross‐sectional survey administered to health professionals in Lima (Peru) between May and July 2020. The survey included standardized self‐assessment instruments for anxiety, depression, acute stress (AS) and history of ACE.

Results

A total of 542 health professionals completed the survey. Caring for patients with COVID‐19 was significantly associated with depression and anxiety and when caring for patients with COVID‐19 was combined with a history of early sexual abuse, its effect on the risk of anxiety increased (OR = 7.71, p = .010). Mental health problems were associated with female gender in almost all the analyses and with the majority of ACEs.

Conclusions

Health workers in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic presented a high risk of mental health disorders. Antecedents of sexual abuse acted as a potentiating factor of anxiety in professionals providing COVID‐19 care. These findings suggest that the burden of ACE modulates mental health problems in health professionals during the pandemic.
B7‐1 and programmed cell death‐ligand 1 in primary and lymph node metastasis lesions of non‐small cell lung carcinoma
Authors: Yamada Takehiro , Miki Yasuhiro , Suzuki Miho , Kondoh Osamu , Saito‐Koyama Ryoko , Ono Katsuhiko , Okada Yoshinori , Sasano Hironobu
Published: December 2021

Background

Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) status has been reported to be different between metastatic and primary lesions in some cases. Therefore, the interaction between carcinoma and immune cells could influence their expression in the tumor microenvironment. PD‐L1 is known to bind not only to Programmed cell death 1 (PD‐1) but also to B7‐1 (CD80). In this study, we examined the interaction between lung carcinoma cell lines and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in vitro. We then examined the significance of B7‐1 expression non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) microenvironment.

Methods

The interaction of lung carcinoma cell lines and PBMC through the soluble factors was analyzed using a co‐culture system. The changes in expression of immune checkpoint‐related factors in PBMC were examined by PD‐1/PD‐L1 Checkpoint Pathway qPCR Array Kit. B7‐1 expression in NSCLC tissues was examined by immunohistochemistry.

Results

B7‐1 was upregulated following the co‐culture with the lung carcinoma cell lines. B7‐1 expression in NSCLC tissues was significantly higher in smokers and squamous cell carcinomas and was significantly positively correlated with PD‐L1 status in primary cancer. However, B7‐1 and PD‐1 were not correlated between primary and metastatic diseases in the same patients.

Conclusion

PD‐1 inhibitors inhibited PD‐1/PD‐L1 binding but not PD‐L1/B7‐1 binding. These results demonstrated that the intratumoral ratio of B7‐1 positive T cells in NSCLC tissue could be involved in the therapeutic efficacy of PD‐L1 inhibitors. This study focused on lymph node metastasis but other sites of distant metastases should be explored by further analysis.
Air Flow around and through a Permeable Semi‐Circular Cylinder‡
Authors: Kaur Rajvinder , Sharma Sapna , Chandra Avinash
Published: December 2021

An unconfined air flow across a semi‐circular permeable/porous cylinder is numerically investigated for different Reynolds (Re) and Darcy numbers (Da) at a fixed value of porosity. The Darcy‐Brinkman‐Forchheimer model has been administered to deal with the flow field inside the porous cylinder. The governing equations are solved by using the finite element method‐based commercial software COMSOL Multiphysics. The obtained flow field is analyzed by streamline profiles and vorticity contours. The collective impact of Re and Da on the drag coefficient is evaluated. At low Da values, the cylinder resembles the solid cylinder as the vorticity contours and streamlines do not infiltrate the porous media. The increment in Da leads to penetration of streamlines and vorticity contours through the porous cylinder. The drag coefficient retained an inverse relationship with Re and showed a complex relationship with Da.
Prospects of Using the Laser‐Induced Temperature Jump Techniques for Characterisation of Electrochemical Systems
Authors: Ding Xing , Sarpey Theophilus Kobina , Hou Shujin , Garlyyev Batyr , Li Weijin , Fischer Roland A. , Bandarenka Aliaksandr S.
Published: December 2021

Understanding the processes, phenomena, and mechanisms occurring at the electrode/electrolyte interface is a prerequisite and significant for optimizing electrochemical systems. To this end, the advent of sub‐microsecond laser pulses has paved the way and eased the investigations of the electrochemical interface (e. g., electric double layer), which hitherto is difficult. The laser‐induced current transient (LICT) and laser‐induced potential transient (LIPT) techniques have proven to be valuable and unique tools for measuring key parameters of the electrified interface, such as the potential of maximum entropy (PME) and the potential of zero charge (PZC). Herein, we present a summary of studies performed in recent years using laser‐induced temperature jump techniques. The relation between the PME/PZC and the electrocatalytic properties of various electrochemical interfaces are particularly highlighted. Special attention is given to its applications in investigating different systems and analyzing the influence of the electrolyte components, electrode composition and structure on the PME/PZC and various electrochemical processes. Moreover, possible applications of the LICT/LIPT techniques to investigate the interfacial properties of a myriad of materials, including surface‐mounted metal‐organic frameworks and metal oxides, are elaborated.
Dental and general injuries among ski and snowboard instructors in Switzerland, Germany, and Austria–A questionnaire‐based study
Authors: Unzeitig Greta , Eggmann Florin , Filippi Andreas
Published: December 2021

Objectives

Data on the injury rate of skiers and snowboarders are currently limited. The aim of this study was, therefore, to assess the frequency of general and dental injuries among snow sports instructors, to investigate the use of protective gear and mouthguards, and to evaluate snow sports instructors' dental first aid know‐how.

Material and Methods

A questionnaire‐based, cross‐sectional study comprising 603 ski and snowboard instructors from Austria, Germany, and Switzerland was conducted in the timeframe December 2019 to May 2020. The survey gathered data on general and dental injuries sustained by instructors, protective gear usage, and know‐how in dental first aid. The statistical analysis included χ2 tests, Wilcoxon rank‐sum and Kruskal–Wallis tests, and linear regression analysis. The level of significance was set at α = .05.

Results

Out of the 603 instructors, 326 (54.1%) sustained an injury while skiing or snowboarding. Forty (6.6%) reported a snow sports‐related dental injury. The rates of injuries related to skiing and snowboarding showed no significant difference (p = .0952). Compared with snowboarding on slopes, backcountry snowboarding entailed fewer risks of injury for snowboard instructors (p = .012). Knowledge of dental first aid was limited, with 45.8% of instructors uninformed about the possibility of replanting avulsed teeth. 10.1% of instructors were familiar with tooth rescue boxes. None of the instructors surveyed had a tooth rescue box in their first aid equipment. Helmet usage was high (95.6%) among snow sports instructors, whereas mouthguard usage was rare (3.5%).

Conclusions

Protective gear usage among snow sports instructors is high. The risk of dental injury while skiing or snowboarding is lower compared with other sports. Dental first aid know‐how ought to be enhanced in snow sports communities to ensure that appropriate first aid is provided in case of a dental injury related to skiing or snowboarding.
Gas Crossover Regulation by Porosity‐Controlled Glass Sheet Achieves Pure Hydrogen Production by Buffered Water Electrolysis at Neutral pH
Authors: Naito Takahiro , Shinagawa Tatsuya , Nishimoto Takeshi , Takanabe Kazuhiro
Published: December 2021

Near‐neutral pH water electrolysis driven by renewable electricity can reduce the costs of clean hydrogen generation, but its low efficiency and gas crossover in industrially relevant conditions remain a challenge. Here, it was shown that electrolyte engineering could suppress the crossover of dissolved gases such as O2 by regulating their diffusion flux. In addition, a hydrophilized mechanically stable glass sheet was found to block the permeation of gas bubbles, further enhancing the purity of evolved gas from water electrolysis. This sheet had a lower resistance than conventional diaphragms such as Zirfon due to its high porosity and small thickness. A saturated K‐phosphate solution at pH 7.2 was used as an electrolyte together with the hydrophilized glass sheet as a gas‐separator. This led to a near‐neutral pH water electrolysis with 100 mA cm−2 at a total cell voltage of 1.56 V with 99.9 % purity of produced H2.
Methylation with Dimethyl Carbonate/Dimethyl Sulfide Mixtures: An Integrated Process without Addition of Acid/Base and Formation of Residual Salts
Authors: Lui Yuen Wai , Chan Bun , Lui Matthew Y.
Published: December 2021

Dimethyl sulfide, a major byproduct of the Kraft pulping process, was used as an inexpensive and sustainable catalyst/co‐reagent (methyl donor) for various methylations with dimethyl carbonate (as both reagent and solvent), which afforded excellent yields of O‐methylated phenols and benzoic acids, and mono‐C‐methylated arylacetonitriles. Furthermore, these products could be isolated using a remarkably straightforward workup and purification procedure, realized by dimethyl sulfide‘s neutral and distillable nature and the absence of residual salts. The likely mechanisms of these methylations were elucidated using experimental and theoretical methods, which revealed that the key step involves the generation of a highly reactive trimethylsulfonium methylcarbonate intermediate. The phenol methylation process represents a rare example of a Williamson‐type reaction that occurs without the addition of a Brønsted base.
Searching for creativity in the Portuguese preschool and basic education curricula
Authors: Valquaresma Andreia , Coimbra Joaquim Luís
Published: December 2021

Creativity has become an essential curriculum competence, playing a pivotal role in the successful response to the ever‐changing demands of contemporary society. Yet, its complex, dynamic, and multifaceted nature seem conflicted with the predominant quantitative and easy‐to‐replicate curricular goals, resulting in potential incongruence between educational aims, pedagogical activities, and students' creativity development. Aiming to contribute to this debate, we designed a qualitative study, based on a documentary analysis of the Portuguese preschool and basic education‐intended curricula (legislation, legal norms, guidelines, programs, opinions, and recommendations). From an initial set of 194 documents, 20 complied with our selection criteria. Key findings underline the difficulties in outlining a clear and comprehensive definition of creativity as a distinctive dimension of psychological development, with consequences in how creativity‐focused pedagogical activities are applied within the classroom. Although recent educational reforms have attempted to overcome these limitations, they appear restricted to arts and sports subjects. Our results highlight the need to develop curricula anchored in an approach to creativity as a unique opportunity for psychological development. By intentionally promoting creativity in the curriculum, students' sense of agency, identity, self‐knowledge, and determination can be engaged, ultimately enhancing the underlying complexity of their socio‐cognitive emotional structures.
On Daphnia’s path: a semi‐automatic system to analyze three‐dimensional movement patterns
Authors: Langer Sina M. , Horstmann Martin , Weiss Linda C. , Junke Winfried , Herlitze Stefan , Tollrian Ralph
Published: December 2021

Analyzing movement is essential for understanding complex behavioral interactions. Up to date, there are different movement analysis methods. Previous studies working with 2D movement analysis systems provided first insights into this field. 2D systems can capture only two of three spatial dimensions and thus allow analyses of movements on surfaces. 3D systems include all three spatial dimensions. Thus, 3D movement analysis is essential for analyzing movements in air or in water. Especially during the last years, 3D movement analysis has progressed a lot thanks to technological advances. Unfortunately, these technological advanced systems are often very expensive and handling flexibility is limited. Therefore, we implemented a customizable 3D movement analysis system for aquatic organisms. The system is composed of an experimental arena, backgrounds with different contrasts, three visible light diode spots, one infrared diode spot for analysis in the dark, and two Raspberry Pi 3 Model B V 1.2 equipped with cameras without infrared filters. We assembled a user‐friendly system that is controlled directly via a graphical user interface (GUI). It not only delivers raw data but also runs detailed analyses of common behavioral parameters. The accuracy of those analyses can be enhanced by the integrated manual error‐correction method that allows to interrupt the automatic track analysis and to correct detection errors by hand. In our case study, we show the spectrum of opportunities of the system by determining the swimming behavior of the freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna. We successfully recorded its swimming behavior under visible light and infrared light (simulating darkness for the daphniids) conditions and analyzed swimming velocity, motion patterns, depth selection, and tendency of clustering. In our case study, we show that using the integrated manual error‐correction method leads to a clear accuracy improvement. Our movement analysis system is not restricted to aquaria but can be adopted to movements in cages and even open areas of different sizes both in water or air, which emphasizes its potential. Together with a user manual, the open‐source MATLAB algorithm and the recommended hardware components, the here presented system enables semi‐automatic 3D movement analysis, which can be adapted to the individual needs.
Electrophoresis simulations using Chebyshev pseudo‐spectral method on a moving mesh
Authors: Bahga Supreet Singh , Gupta Prateek
Published: December 2021

We present the implementation and demonstration of the Chebyshev pseudo‐spectral method coupled with an adaptive mesh method for performing fast and highly accurate electrophoresis simulations. The Chebyshev pseudo‐spectral method offers higher numerical accuracy than all other finite difference methods and is applicable for simulating all electrophoresis techniques in channels with open or closed boundaries. To improve the computational efficiency, we use a novel moving mesh scheme that clusters the grid points in the regions with poor numerical resolution. We demonstrate the application of the Chebyshev pseudo‐spectral method on a moving mesh for simulating nonlinear electrophoretic processes through examples of isotachophoresis (ITP), isoelectric focusing (IEF), and electromigration‐dispersion in capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) at current densities as high as 1000 A/m. We also show the efficacy of our moving mesh method over existing methods that cluster the grid points in the regions with large concentration gradients. We have integrated the adaptive Chebyshev pseudo‐spectral method in the open‐source SPYCE simulator and verified its implementation with other electrophoresis simulators.
First occurrence of sauropod and theropod footprints in the pre‐Campanian deposits of the Nubian Sandstone, south Eastern Desert, Egypt
Authors: Kassab Walid G. , Abu El‐Kheir Gebely A. , AbdelGawad Mohamed K.
Published: December 2021

Dinosaur footprints occur in the Upper Cretaceous strata known as the Nubian Sandstone Formation in the south Eastern Desert, Egypt. The Nubian Sandstone unit is subdivided into three informal members: A lower member is marked by reddish‐brown, trough cross‐bedded, coarse‐ to medium‐grained sandstone interbedded with thin beds of varicolored mudstone, reflecting deposition in a braided fluvial system, a middle member is characterized by reddish‐white to yellow, planar cross‐bedded, medium‐grained sandstone with ferruginous siltstone intercalations, interpreted as meandering fluvial deposits, and an upper member consists of repeated coarsening‐upward cycles of rippled siltstone to fine‐ to medium‐grained sandstone and planar cross‐bedded, yellowish‐white sandstone, containing many vertebrate footprints and invertebrate trace fossils, reflecting deposition in a coastal to deltaic environment. Sixteen dinosaur footprints are recorded at the base of the upper member of the Nubian Sandstone, on inclined surfaces of rippled, fine‐grained sandstones. Twelve are overlapping each other and belong to distinct individuals of dinosaurs, the other four are distributed on a younger bedding surface. Twelve footprints are from more than one sauropod dinosaur, while three of the isolated footprints belong to a theropod dinosaur. The footprints described are semiplantigrade and digitigrade. This discovery is the second record of tetrapod footprints in Egypt and the first record of tetrapod footprints in the Eastern Desert.
Methylene blue photodegradation using as‐synthesized CeO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Saadoon Sarah Jaafar , Jarosova Marketa , Machek Pavel , Kadhim Mustafa M. , Ali Muneam Hussein , Khalaji Aliakbar Dehno
Published: December 2021

Cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles via solution combustion technique using Ce(NO3)3 as an oxidizer and benzoic acid as fuel were prepared at two different temperatures (500 and 600°C). The as‐synthesized CeO2 nanoparticles were characterized using FT‐IR, PL, BET, XRD, VSM, and TEM techniques. The results of FT‐IR and XRD techniques show that cerium oxide nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized. The absence of other peaks in the XRD pattern indicates that there are no impurities in these compounds. TEM images also confirm the synthesis of nanoparticles smaller than 20 nm. VSM results of CeO2 nanoparticles show weak ferromagnetic properties. Furthermore, the as‐synthesized CeO2 nanoparticles were used for the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB). The effect of various parameters such as irradiation time, amount of catalyst dosage, initial MB concentration, and solution pH was investigated. The results show that the best conditions for photocatalytic removal are pH solution of 10, 0.02 g of catalyst dose, initial MB concentration of 40 ppm, and UV irradiation time of 90 min. Therefore, the as‐synthesized CeO2 nanoparticles have a good performance as a catalyst and can be used for other organic dyes.
Financial constraints and the impact of corruption on employment growth
Authors: Amin Mohammad , Soh Yew Chong
Published: December 2021

Corruption can impose a significant financial burden on firms. Such burden is magnified when firms are financially constrained. The paper applies this idea to the impact of corruption on employment growth. Using firm‐level survey data for 85 countries, we find that corruption hurts more when firms are financially constrained than when they are not. Baseline estimate suggests that a one percentage point increase in overall corruption lowers growth rate of employment by 0.45 percentage points for financially constrained firms but only by 0.08 percentage points for financially unconstrained firms. The result passes several robustness checks.
Added benefit of L‐PRF to autogenous bone grafts in the treatment of degree II furcation involvement in mandibular molars
Authors: Serroni Matteo , Paolantonio Michele , Romano Luigi , Santamaria Pasquale , Rexhepi Imena , Sinjari Bruna , Paolantonio Giulia , Secondi Lorenzo , De Ninis Paolo , Femminella Beatrice
Published: December 2021

Background

Tissue regeneration within the periodontally involved furcation area is one of the most challenging aspects of periodontal surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the additional benefit of leukocyte and platelet‐rich fibrin (L‐PRF) to autogenous bone grafts (ABGs) in the treatment of mandibular molar degree II furcation involvement, comparing the clinical outcomes with those from open flap debridement (OFD)+ABG and OFD alone treatments.

Methods

Fifty‐four patients, exhibiting one buccal or lingual mandibular molar furcation defect, were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: OFD+ABG+L‐PRF (n = 18); OFD+ABG (n = 18); and OFD (n = 18). Clinical (probing depth [PD], horizontal clinical attachment level [HCAL], vertical clinical attachment level [VCAL], gingival recession [GR]) and radiographic (vertical bone level [VBL]) parameters were evaluated at baseline and 6 months after treatment. HCAL change was the primary outcome.

Results

No significant differences within each group were reported for GR changes, but statistically significant improvements in HCAL, VCAL, PD, and VBL were observed in all groups, except for VBL in the OFD group. At 6 months, the mean HCAL gain was 2.29 ± 0.18 mm in the OFD+ABG+L‐PRF group, which was significantly greater than that in the OFD+ABG (1.61 ± 0.18 mm) and OFD (0.86 ± 0.18 mm) groups. Both OFD+ABG+L‐PRF and OFD+ABG therapies produced a significantly greater clinical and radiographic improvement than OFD.

Conclusion

The addition of L‐PRF to ABG produces a significantly greater HCAL gain and PD reduction as compared with OFD+ABG treatment in mandibular degree II furcation involvements.
Variability, shift‐specific workloads and rationed care predictors of work satisfaction among Registered nurses providing acute care: A longitudinal study
Authors: Abed Al Ahad Mary , Elbejjani Martine , Simon Michael , Ausserhofer Dietmar , Abu‐Saad Huijer Huda , Dhaini Suzanne R.
Published: December 2021

Aims

The aim of this study was to explore nurses’ shift‐work satisfaction variability across time and its shift‐specific predictors: perceived workload, patient‐to‐nurse ratio and rationing of nursing care.

Design

Longitudinal study of 90 Registered nurses (N = 1,303 responses) in a Lebanese hospital over 91 days of data collection.

Methods

Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were computed to determine shift‐work satisfaction variability between individual nurses and working‐unit clusters. Generalized linear mixed models were used to explore the workloads and rationed care predictors of nurses’ shift‐work satisfaction separately for day and night shifts.

Results

Variability in shift‐work satisfaction was noted between individual nurses in day (ICC = 0.43) and night shifts (ICC = 0.37), but not between medical/surgical units. Nurses satisfied with their shift‐specific work were less probably to ration necessary nursing care (OR = 0.68; 95% CI = 0.60–0.77) in day shifts and to perceive high workload demands in both, day (OR = 0.29; 95% CI = 0.23–0.37) and night (OR = 0.29; 95% CI = 0.18–0.47) shifts. Monitoring and lowering workload demands while observing rationing of care is necessary to improve nurses’ shift‐work satisfaction.
Barriers to efficient management of in‐home care: A qualitative content analysis
Authors: Sabetsarvestani Parisa , Mohammadi Fateme , Tehranineshat Banafsheh , Bijani Mostafa , Fereidouni Zhila
Published: December 2021

Aim

Inefficient management is one of the major barriers to development of in‐home care in the society. Accordingly, the present study aims to identify the barriers to efficient management of home care nursing using a qualitative approach.

Design

The present study is a qualitative‐descriptive work of research.

Method

Data were collected using semi‐structured, in‐depth, individual interviews with 19 nurses from November 2020 to May 2021. The collected data were analysed using Graneheim and Lundman's method.

Results

The findings of the study were categorized into four main themes, namely lack of effective standards, ineffective interactions, inappropriate cultural/social context and professional issues, and 15 subthemes.

Conclusion

In‐home care nurses in Iran experience various problems in their practice. Creating an appropriate cultural/social context in Iranian societies, providing the necessary infrastructure, including insurance, providing comprehensive, clear guidelines for in‐home care, encouraging teamwork and organizing workshops to promote effective interactions between the personnel and patients can improve the quality of in‐home care nursing.
Soft touch between a highly flexible bio‐inspired tactile sensor and 3D objects
Authors: Merker Lukas , Behn Carsten , Zimmermann Klaus
Published: December 2021

Scanning and reconstructing the environment using tactile sensors alongside optical sensors is a promising approach in mobile robotics. Within the present paper, we take advantage of a recently presented vibrissa‐inspired tactile sensor concept for 3D object scanning and reconstruction, broadening our previous studies. The sensor consists of a slender, cylindrical, highly flexible probe, one‐sided clamped to some force‐torque measuring device. The probe is shifted relatively to an object of interest by displacing its clamping position quasi‐statically. Consequently, the probe gets bent, sweeps over the object and transmits mechanical signals (observables) to its support. The focus of the present investigation is on how the probe sweeps over a new type of object (paraboloid), verifying a necessary condition for optional contact points. Finally, this condition allows to find multiple equilibrium states for a single clamping position.
An energy‐momentum scheme for extended continuum models with rotational degrees of freedom
Authors: Groß Michael , Dietzsch Julian , Kalaimani Iniyan
Published: December 2021

In mechanical engineering, the finite element method is well‐known in the simulation of homogeneous materials without microstructures. But, in particular, microstructures can improve materials with respect to their applicability in engineering. Examples are 2D‐ and 3D‐fiber‐reinforced materials, which are manufactured in the microscale or mesoscale, respectively. An efficient finite element simulation of these materials provides an anisotropic continuum formulation. However, 3D‐fiber‐reinforced materials demand continua with extended kinematics. The introduction of such extended continua is possible by mixed finite element methods. In this paper, we introduce internal rotational degrees of freedom to model also a stiffness with respect to fiber flexure and twist. The kinematic formulation can be explained by using a covariant continuum formulation based on curvilinear convected coordinates. In this context, new objective deformation measures and power‐conjugate stress tensors are derived. Therefore, a corresponding energy‐momentum scheme is obtained and simulates numerical examples stable and efficient in accordance with discrete balance laws. These examples demonstrate the additional material stiffness with fiber curvature‐twist strain energy functions of Kauderer‐type by parameter studies with respect to different fiber directions.
Optimal Rank‐1 Hankel Approximation in the Spectral Norm for Matrices with Multiple Largest Eigenvalue
Authors: Knirsch Hanna
Published: December 2021

We extend a result from [2, 3] on the optimal rank‐1 Hankel approximation of real symmetric matrices with isolated largest eigenvalue to the case where the largest eigenvalue is not isolated. To illustrate our findings, we give an example where the optimal rank‐1 Hankel approximation is easily obtained and one where it does not exist.