bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of lockdown due to COVID-19 on mentally ill patients and their caregivers: a cross sectional study
Authors: Janagam Jayashree , Muraleedharan K. C. , Gilla Deepthi , Mohan N. D.
Published: February 2021

Background: Pandemics are known to cause poor mental well-being and an increased risk of mental disorders. The foremost concern emerging from different aspects of COVID-19 is its impact on mental health. There were many surveys conducted on the general population related to the effect of COVID-19 and few studies on its psychological impact but there is sparse literature on how the containment measures affected the psychiatric patients. Objective of the study was to investigate whether the COVID-19 related lockdown affected the subjective mood and behavior of psychiatric patients and their caregivers. The secondary purpose is to assess the difficulties encountered in procuring medicines and the effect of non-availability of homoeopathic medicines if any.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on mentally ill patients and their care-givers in the Outpatient Department of Psychiatry in National Homoeopathy Research Institute in Mental Health (NHRIMH), Kottayam. Respondents were evaluated with a specially framed questionnaire containing 22 questions to assess the effect of lockdown on psychiatric patients and their caregivers, who attended the OPD after the COVID-19 related lockdown. The data generated through the study are analysed and presented in this article.Results: Out of the total 548 participants (M-65.9%, F-34.1%) who responded to the survey, 290 (53%) cases expressed that they were distressed to be under lockdown. 26.5% of the clients reported worsening of mental health conditions during lockdown compared to pre-lockdown. 54.2% of the patients found difficulty in procuring homoeopathic medicines during Lockdown.Conclusions: Authorities should consider the ways of limiting the effects of confinement on mentally ill patients and their caregivers by developing strategies to mitigate the adverse consequence of the pandemic.
Exploring knowledge, attitudes and practices towards COVID-19 amongst the residents in South Africa: a quick online survey
Authors: Wadhwani Gyandas G. , Scott Leanne , Nienhuis Chantelle , Chella Laura , Chadha Aditi , Ferrucci Loretta
Published: February 2021

Background: The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has spread rapidly inviting unprecedented measures globally. Citizen’s adherence to jurisdiction is affected by their knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards the disease.Methods: A cross-sectional survey study among a convenient sample of the general public aged 18 years or more and resident in South Africa was conducted through a self-designed online KAP survey questionnaire during the first few weeks of the South African lockdown to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices about COVID-19. A p value of <0.05 (two tailed) was taken to be statistically significant.Results: A total of 885 respondents completed the survey, majority of which were females who identified COVID-19 as a challenge to health and society and agreed with the strategy of lockdown for initial control of the spreading epidemic. In spite of the high knowledge scores of the population 31% of the respondents did not choose to wear a mask while leaving home.  Also, a large number of respondents believed that early symptomatic treatment can prove useful to manage the infection. A statistically significant p value (<0.05) was obtained for the study variables in the statistical analysis, which showed that high knowledge scores were found to be associated with gender, categories of annual income and ethnicity.Conclusions: This survey shows that South African residents of a relatively high level of socioeconomic status, in particular women, have substantial knowledge, positive attitudes, but need to improve practices towards COVID-19 during the rapid rise phase of the COVID-19 outbreak.
Epidemiological study of novel coronavirus (COVID-19): macroscopic and microscopic analysis
Authors: Hembram K. P. S. S. , Kumar Jagadish
Published: February 2021

Background: This study aimed to unravel the microscopic behaviour by introducing health functional for individuals during coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic and understand the macroscopic behaviour of epidemic infection dynamics by growth models.Methods: Virus strength, immunity and medications are taken as independent parameters for health functional in the stochastic simulation for microscopic investigation. For macroscopic understanding, Logistic, Weibull and Hills growth models are considered to obtain power indices.Results: Microscopically, the effect of medication that inhibits virus strength with increasing immunity is shown through the simulation. While, without medication and increasing viral strength lead the individual to death, improved medication and increasing immunity strength lead back to normal life. Macroscopically, scale invariance of power indices over time reveals similarity of spreading of infection in most of the countries.Conclusions: Proper medication needs urgency for the infected person to keep the health well. Overall this issue warrants federal policy to maintain the social distance, public awareness to prevent the infection, and healthcare facilities for early detection by tracing the infected people for potential treatment.
Modifiable risk factors of vasospastic angina: a systematic literature review
Authors: Albalawi Abdulmajeed F. , Alotaibi Hamoud T. , Alharbi Razan K. , Alghamdi Abdulrahman A. , Alzahrani Ali A. , Alhamoud Jwael A. , Alzahrani Saleem A. , Safhy Noof Y. , Aqeeli Reem K. , Hamdhi Sami M. , Albarrak Eman N. , Alshammari Jawza S. , Alshehri Waleed K. , Ghouri Muhammad Hashim
Published: February 2021

Vasospastic angina is caused by transient coronary spasms unrelated to exertion, which may even occur at rest (classically at night) and promptly responds to short acting nitrates. It is thought to be caused by inherent generalised hyper reactivity of the smooth muscle cells of epicardial vessels to various stimuli. Being comparatively less studied, the risk factors for VSA vary considerably from obstructive or atherosclerotic cardiac disease. However, coronary vasospasm can occur in non stenosed arteries, atherosclerotic arteries as well as sub critically stenosed arteries which can result in significant overlap between the risk factors and underlying pathophysiology. 1-14% of AMI can be caused by non-obstructive, or ‘functional’ coronary artery disorders like vasospastic angina but VSA continues to be underdiagnosed and less well understood than obstructive coronary artery disorders. This prompted us to study the existing literature for modifiable risk factors of coronary artery vasospasm so that an emphasis can be made on proper lifestyle modifications and avoidance of vasospastic agents in susceptible individuals. Smoking proved to be the most important risk factor whereas recreational drugs and drugs used for treatment of certain medical disorders have also been shown to associate with coronary vasospasm. Medical personnel, therefore, need to be more vigilant in history taking as well as investigating cardiac chest pain in which traditional investigations end up being normal so that an early diagnosis of vasospastic angina can be made and appropriate steps taken to improve the quality of life of patients.
Descriptive study of various bacterial flora in chronic otitis media
Authors: Dixith Rohan M. , Mahajan Gundappa D. , Mukhtar Sabreena , Prasad Shubhangi
Published: February 2021

Background: Chronic otitis media (COM) is the inflammation of the middle ear, which is characterised by ear discharge due to tympanic membrane perforation, at least for over a month. The inflammation is due to the underlying infection, due to which the middle ear mucosa gets inflamed, leading to discharge and eventual perforation of the tympanic membrane. The aim of the study was to study the microbial flora and its culture and sensitivity from ear discharge in chronic otitis media.

Methods: Total of 100 ears with either mucosal COM or squamosal COM were included in this study. Patients coming to the outpatient department (OPD) with discharging ear were subjected to aural suctioning/cleaning with the use of bulls eye lamp. After cleaning the external auditory canal, sterile aural speculum were introduced into the EAC, creating a sterile conduit. Following this, middle ear discharge or the discharge around the tympanic membrane was collected using sterile cotton swabs and sent for laboratory within half an hour for mycological and bacteriological study.

Results: Majority of patients were in an age group of 10-20 years, followed by age group of 21-30 years. The male to female ratio was 4.7:5.3. Out of the 100 swabs sent for culture and sensitivity, 6 swabs had no growth whereas Pseudomonas aeroginosa was the highest isolated organism (36 swabs), followed by Proteus mirabilis (23 swabs). Aerobic infection was the commonest, isolated in 47.9% of culture positive swabs. Polymyxin B was the most sensitive antibiotic, whereas cefotaxime was the most resistant antibiotic.

Conclusions: Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis are the main bacteria isolated in mucosal COM. There is development of drug resistance in the majority of bacteria in chronic otitis media, due to excessive usage of antibiotics, making the treatment much difficult.
Comparative study of fluticasone propionate combined with azelastine versus fluticasone propionate alone as nasal spray in allergic rhinitis
Authors: C. Dhanush H. , Malashetti Santosh , H. Chandrashekharayya S. , Khavasi Prabhu
Published: February 2021

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a symptomatic disorder of the nose induced after allergen exposure due to an IgE-mediated inflammation of membranes lining the nose. Allergic rhinitis is subdivided into intermittent (IAR) or persistent (PER) disease and the severity into mild or moderate/severe. The most widely used and effective medications to treat allergic rhinitis are oral or topical antihistamines and topical nasal steroids.

Methods: This prospective case series study included 80 patients of PER divided randomly in to 2 groups of 40 each with group 1 receiving fluticasone propionate and azelastine and group 2 receiving fluticasone propionate alone. Individual symptom scores and total symptom score (TSS) were recorded before treatment and after 4 weeks of treatment.

Results:  The difference in mean TSS before and after 4 weeks study period were statistically significant in both groups (p<0.01 in both). Group 1 had TSS of 1.525±1.06 and group 2 had TSS of 3.275±1.75 after 4 weeks of treatment and the difference between them was statistically significant (p<0.01).

Conclusions: In allergic rhinitis, both fluticasone propionate + azelastine nasal spray and fluticasone propionate nasal spray are effective in relieving symptoms. But, fluticasone propionate and azelastine has significant reduction of symptoms when compared with fluticasone propionate alone.
Vestibular dysfunction after cochlear and auditory brainstem implantation: Madras ENT Research Foundation experience
Authors: Natarajan Kiran , Murali Sathiya , M. Santhosh Kumar , A. Manjunatha H. , Panicker Adarsh , Kameswaran Mohan
Published: February 2021

Background: Cochlear implantation is an established procedure for patients with bilateral severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss. CI may, in some implantees, have a detrimental impact on vestibular function. Auditory brainstem implantation is a safe and effective procedure in children with bilateral cochlear and cochlear nerve aplasia. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of cochlear implantation and auditory brainstem implantation on the vestibular function.

Methods: Three hundred and twenty patients who underwent CI surgery over a four years period from November 2016 to November 2020 were studied for symptoms of vestibular disturbance. Twenty three patients complained of giddiness and underwent vestibular function testing including videooculography, caloric test and vestibular evoked myogenic potentials. 48 patients with cochlear and cochlear nerve aplasia underwent ABI surgery from September 2009 to March 2019. The correlation between the size of the flocculus and the presence of vestibular symptoms was studied.

Results: After CI, vestibular disturbances were seen in 23 patients (7.2%) and were transient. In auditory brainstem implantees, vestibular disturbances were seen in eight patients (16.7%) and were found to correlate with the size of the cerebellar flocculus.

Conclusions: Vestibular disturbances are rare after cochlear and auditory brainstem implant surgery. During CI, the preservation of vestibular function should be attempted using minimally invasive techniques. ABI surgery requires meticulous dissection, especially of a large cerebellar flocculus to minimize the possibility of vestibular disturbances.
Study of the effect of mobile phones on hearing
Authors: Swaroop Karumuthil , Kumar Sanjay , Bansal Anshul , Khare Pushkar , Chauhan Deepak V. , Rao Naiya
Published: February 2021

Background: The effect of mobile phone radiation on human health is the subject of recent interest and study as a result of the enormous increase in mobile phone usage throughout the world. The present study was designed with an objective to study the effect of mobile phones on hearing.

Methods: This cross sectional study involved cases in the age group of 18 to 45 years attending the out-patient department of ENT at Chhatrapati Shivaji Subharti hospital, Meerut. A total of 85 patients (mobile phone users) were taken for the study October 2018 to July 2020. Subjects with usage of mobile phones (smart phones) for a minimum of 2 hours a day and a minimum of 1 year duration (with or without ear phones), normal healthy individuals with no systemic disease, normal tympanic membrane with no prior external, middle/inner ear disease or discharge or trauma and subjects with type a tympanogram (on tympanometry) were included in the study. Degree of deafness was graded according to WHO classification, 1980

Results: Statistically significant p value was observed (<0.001) while comparing SNHL with hours of exposure and years of exposure. Statistically significant p value was observed (<0.05) while comparing hours of exposure with Tinnitus. Statistically insignificant p value was observed while comparing hours and years of exposure with other associated complaints; aural fullness, ear ache (otalgia) and warmth sensation in ear.

Conclusions: The present study shows an increase in the hearing threshold of the ear exposed to the prolonged use of mobile phones.
Trans-cervical approach to parapharyngeal space occupying lesion: case report
Authors: Munjal Manish , Rishi Porshia , Sidhu Harjinder , Munjal Shubam , Talwar Shivam , Sharma Salony , Kaur Hardeep , Dhillon Karan
Published: February 2021

A parapharyngeal mass was resected utilising the trans-cervical parapharyngeal approach with minimal morbiditity. Intricacies of procedure are elaborated upon.
Clinical perspectives of anterior inferior cerebellar artery: a review
Authors: Swain Santosh Kumar , Baliarsingh Prasenjit
Published: February 2021

The anterior inferior cerebellar artery arises at the cerebellopontine angle (CPA), usually from the lower one third of the basilar artery. However, the vascular anatomy of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) is highly variable. In respect to the neurovascular relationship in the internal auditory canal (IAC), the AICA is intimately related with vestibulocochlear and facial nerve. Microvascular compression of the vestibulocochlear nerve by AICA is an important etiology for tinnitus, hearing loss and vertigo. The vascular loop or aneurysm of the AICA will compress the vestibulocochlear nerve in the internal auditory canal. The AICA loop should be separated from the vestibulocochlear nerve. Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) is helpful to reveal the vascular pathology of the AICA and confirm the causes for disabling otological symptoms. After confirmation of the vascular pathology of AICA, surgery is usually planned. The intrameatal AICA and vestibulocochlear nerve conflict produce specific pathological features and their surgical treatment is also invariably challenging. The objective of this review article is to discuss the details of vascular anatomy, etiopathology, clinical presentations, diagnosis, neurophysiology and current treatment of the vascular anomalies of AICA in IAC which often pose challenge to the clinicians.
Povidone iodine ‘WET’ technique: adenotonsillectomy in COVID era
Authors: Venkataramani Nithya , Sachidananda Ravi , Sachidananda Nidhi R.
Published: February 2021

COVID-19 pandemic has significantly changed ENT practice. Most elective ENT (ear, nose, throat) surgeries possess a risk of infection, as well as potentially increasing complication.1 With the current pandemic slowly evolving and ever-increasing demand for elective services to restart, service delivery with minimal risk to healthcare workers is a challenge. ENT procedures like adenotonsillectomy, microdebrider FESS and mastoidectomy and many more are aerosol generating procedures. Adenotonsillectomy is particularly challenging with high risk to the operating room personnel as the viral load is significantly high in the nasopharynx and oropharynx. Evidence from China shows us that the pandemic could last for at least six months2 and modifications of techniques and adapting to the new norm is the key.
Approach Paper: Evaluation of the Inter-American Development Bank's Governance
Authors: Rose Jonathan , Arévalo Josette , Soares Thaís , Barcellos Andreia
Published: February 2021

This approach paper defines the objectives, scope, and methodology for the Office of Evaluation and Oversight's (OVE) evaluation of the governance of the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB). The evaluation is included in OVE's 2020-2021 work program (document RE-543) in response to a request by the Board of Executive Directors to evaluate the IDB's governance arrangements. Drawing from similar evaluations, these aspects will be evaluated in four dimensions: effectiveness, efficiency, accountability and transparency, and voice.
Involvement of GPR30 in protection effect of Dexmedetomidine against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat via AKT pathway
Authors: Shao Zheming , Shen Qihong , Kong Min , Ni Huadong , Hou Xiaomin
Published: February 2021

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a heart disease that seriously threatens human health. Dexmedetomidine (DEX) has a certain protective effect on cardiac injury. This study investigated the cardioprotective effect of DEX and its potential molecular mechanism in vivo and in vitro. The results showed that DEX could significantly increase the viability of hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) treated cardiomyocytes and reduce oxidative damage and apoptosis. Further molecular mechanism analysis showed that the above cardiac protective effects may be related to Akt signaling pathway. In addition, the expression of G-Protein Receptor 30 (GPR30) was promoted after H/R treatment. However, knockdown of GPR30 by shRNA significantly counteracted the cardioprotective effect of DEX. Meanwhile, we constructed a rat model of AMI to investigate the role of GPR30 in vivo. The results showed that DEX significantly reduced the infarct size, and GPR30 agonist G1 enhanced the protective effect of DEX on heart. On the contrary, protein kinase B (AKT) inhibitor LY294002 counteracted the protective effect of DEX on heart, suggesting that GPR30 enhanced the protective effect of DEX on ischemia-reperfusion induced heart injury by regulating AKT related pathways. In conclusion, our study provides a potential target for the clinical treatment of AMI.
Esélyegyenlőség és integrációs lehetőségek a pályaorientációban
Authors: Sipeki Irén
Published: February 2021

The competences manifested in the career choice decisions refer to the success of integrationand equal opportunities. They are able to forecast these social processes in a predictive way. Thecareer choice competences connect the individual features and the social scenes, so by analysingthem already the secondary school age group’s labour market success can be predicted.By studying and analysing of the competence fields with the method of revealing the sociological, psychological and pedagogical correlations it is possible to determine the labour market competences of students facing career choice, which determines the success of their socialintegration into the society at a personal level. Career choice plays a connecting part between education at schools and the labour market; therefore it has an important part concerning equalopportunities and integration, beyond the effect of qualification. In my study I am describing thisprocess via displaying the affected competence fields.
Turizmusra vállalkozva
Authors: Tóth-Batizán Emese Emőke
Published: February 2021

The present article analyses the touristic market in Covasna/Kovászna county, Transylvania, Romania. The basis of the paper are 30 semistructured deep interviews and onefocus group interview which had 6 participants who are all representatives of organisations active in the field of tourism. As the result of our research we can clearly statethat there are four different regulation levels: the level of governmental regulations,professional organisations, cooperation and level of informal economy. Through thepresentation of these four levels we will also touch upon the issues related to professionalization, trust and quality.
Az EU tagállamok innovációs és versenyképességi klaszteresedése 2013-ban
Authors: Balda Gábor
Published: February 2021

In the era of the innovation economy it is natural that innovation is one of the key definitions, because of its literature is excessively far-reaching: global, micro and macro level, in connection ofthe business and non-business sector, it’s also defined in social context. The literary backgroundof this essay shows a historical overview of the development that occurred in the definition ofinnovation and its different interpretations. After exploring the literary background a quantitative, descriptive and explanatory statisticanalysis will be written in a monothetic and deductive approach. In this phase of my researchI will make macro level international comparative analyzes with the help of the EU and theWEF (World Economic Forum) data base (Innovation Union Scoreboard, illetve Global Competitiveness Index), and the SPSS software. This essay’s goal is to determine whether there is aconnection between innovation processes and the forming of competitiveness on a macro leveland if there is how it can be interpreted. Later with a similar goal and methodology I would liketo make international micro level comparative analyzes and then by combining the macro andmicro level results, I will determine how the macro level innovation policy influences the microlevel innovativeness and competitiveness. Using all of these results I would like to determine thespecial features of the national innovation policy and the chances for optimalization.
A gépjárműiparban dolgozók motivációinak, munkatapasztalatának és határidőtartási szokásainak összefüggései a termékfejlesztési projektekben
Authors: Szendi Nikoletta
Published: February 2021

Nowadays, numerous new automobiles are being developed by various companies and theirsuppliers around the globe. On account of the reduction of the product’s economic lifetime andeffects of the global market, n the automotive segments the time factor plays a key role in thesuccessful implementation of the project and consequently in the sale of the product. The currentstudy, focusing on human conditions, scrutinizes the behaviour of the members engaged in the project. It’s primary focus is not to reveal the hindering factors due to time-losses arising fromthe shortage of resources or inadequate planning. These conspicuous reasons and the demonstration as well as treatment of risk, belong to the scope of the board of project portfolio management, which operates well among larger project organizations. Each project member is takingan individual approach towards meeting deadlines, and their motivation about the executionof the given tasks also vary. Beyond the results found both in the professional literature as wellas general research, I study whether the unique features of the actual automotive organizational projects can be identified or not. The ongoing research observes, based on the experienceacquired from the automobile development project, motivation and adherence to deadlines, thecomposition of the team impacting work efficiency.
Study on Implementation of Inkuiri Learning Model Guided to Students' Critical Thinking Ability
Authors: Fajri Hardianti Nur , Purwanto Agung , Utomo Erry
Published: February 2021

This study aims to explore information about the implementation of guided inquiry learning models on students' critical thinking skills. This research uses a qualitative approach with the type of literature study research. The sampling technique in this study used secondary data sources, using data analysis techniques, namely reduction, exposure, and conclusion. The result of this research is that guided inquiry learning model can improve students' critical thinking skills. Science as a subject that is often associated with current issues is very suitable for fostering critical thinking skills and one of them is to increase student motivation. The inquiry learning model is designed as a contributive learning model for students. Inquiry learning model with stages: (1) planning; (2) preparation; (3) group division; (4) discussion; and (5) exposure, those steps are able to make learning meaningful, motivate students, and students can reconstruct knowledge independently, and foster critical thinking skills. The use of the guided inquiry model also contributes to students' critical thinking skills which consist of inference, interpretation, evaluation, and self-regulation.
Female circumcision in Islamic and Health Perspective in Bogor, West Java
Authors: Jubaedah Jubaedah
Published: February 2021

This study was aimed to find that medically speaking, the practice of female circumcision was carried out by the community in Jasinga, Cigudeg, and Cileungsi Districts. This research is a quantitative study of 110 respondents. This study is also supported by qualitative research with the type of Rapid Assessment Procedure (RAP). The source of this research consisted of mothers who had daughters aged one to five years and performed female circumcision both to health workers and to traditional birth attendants. The results showed that circumcision did not have a significant negative impact on children's health and psychology. Traditions that collaborate with religious teachings are a strong reason for someone to take any action, even though from the other side the benefits have not been found. The practice of female circumcision is still ongoing, although there is a prohibition against such activities because it is seen as a violation of human rights, it can result in shock, stress, and even sexual dysfunction.
The Role of Stakeholders in the City Branding Policy “Madiun Karismatik” Madiun City Government
Authors: Wiyono Bagus , Rahmanto Andre , Utari Prahasitiwi
Published: February 2021

Conducting branding is now increasingly needed in government management. The main purpose of city branding is to bring out the regional identity and place a certain positioning of the area in order to compete with other regions. For a city branding strategy to be successful, it must involve various stakeholders in the city / region. City stakeholders are defined through the ABCGM concept, namely Academics, Business Sector, Communities, Government, and Media. Madiun City as one of the developing cities in the western part of East Java Province also develops city branding as a way to increase regional competitiveness in front of other regions. Madiun Charismatic was chosen to be the tagline for the city branding of Madiun. This study aims to determine the role of internal stakeholders of Madiun city in implementing the city branding strategy of Madiun City. The research method used is a case study method and uses data collection techniques through interviews, observation, and document searches. The results showed that the internal stakeholders of the city of Madiun have different roles in supporting this city branding policy. The involvement of the five internal stakeholders of the city of Madiun in this city branding program also complements one stakeholder with another so that it has a positive effect on the development of the city of Madiun.
Analysis of English Language Teaching Materials on Gender Representation
Authors: Shallaita Baiq Annisa , Nawawi Nawawi , Amin Muhammad
Published: February 2021

This study was conducted to show how two ELT textbooks accommodate gender in their contents and if there is any types of gender bias in the textbooks. The method of this study was descriptive qualitative method which was used to describe a phenomenon and its characteristics. The data was collected by using content analysis that was supported by descriptive quantitative data. The content analysis was conducted to analyze written text and photographs in the two EFL textbooks published by The Ministry of Education And Culture of the Republic of Indonesia and Erlangga publisher. The analysis was based on five categories, namely, visibility, firstness, masculine/feminine generic construction, occupation, and activities related to gender. The findings of study showed that gender biases still exist in both textbooks. The types of bias found were stereotyping, linguistic bias, imbalance and selectivity, cosmetic bias, and fragmentation and isolation. The latest types was only found in Pathway To English 1. The result of this study was expected to help the materials designer, author, teacher, and students to have a better understanding about gender representation of the book currently used in Lombok, and to be more aware of gender bias issues in ELT textbook.
Mapping the Field of Nonprofit Management and Philanthropic Studies in Canada: Cross-Country Comparison of Curricular Offerings
Authors: Mirabella Roseanne , Sulek Marty , Teo Terence
Published: February 2021

This paper provides the most comprehensive mapping to date of the current state of nonprofit management and philanthropic studies (NMPS) education programs in Canada. One of the more significant findings of this study is both the number and types of Canadian NMPS programs offered in the historically French-speaking province of Quebec, versus the predominantly English-speaking parts of the rest of Canada. We hypothesize that differences in the structure of civil society between English- and French-speaking parts of the country may have led to a differentiation in both the number and types of NMPS programs offered in the two regions. Canada is an apparent hybrid of the “welfare partnership” model found in many “continental European” countries, such as France, and the Anglo-Saxon model predominantly found in the United States, the United Kingdom, and some other members of the British Commonwealth. Given this hybridity, we compare the course offerings of French and English-speaking Canadian NMPS programs with those of other member countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OCED) employing Esping-Anderson’s regime types as a comparative framework. This comparison reveals no strong correlations between these regime types and the nature of their NMPS curricular offerings. We follow this analysis with a more comprehensive comparison of American and Canadian NMPS education and offer a brief historical overview of the latter. We found significant differences in the NMPS education between these two countries, both qualitative and quantitative. Most significantly, a much larger proportion of Canadian post-secondary education institutions have programs that include at least some NMPS curricula, whereas there is a much larger proportion of programs in American institutions with NMPS as their primary focus. We then conclude by suggesting two potential paths of development lie ahead for Canadian NMPS programs: one follows the current status quo, dispersing programs among many programs and actors, the other sees the establishment of more centres specializing in NMPS education in a few select institutions, and also possible consolidation in programs for which it is a more peripheral concern.
University-Based Higher Education on Nonprofit and Nongovernmental Organizations in South Korea: Comparative Analysis between South Korea and the United States
Authors: Kim Sung-Ju , Jeong Bok Gyo
Published: February 2021

From the early 1990s to the present, the nonprofit sector in South Korea has grown exponentially in size and scope, resulting in increased calls for the development of nonprofit education programs to educate future leaders of the nonprofit sector in South Korea. This article reports on a study undertaking to determine the scope and dimensions of the nonprofit and non-governmental organization (NPO/NGO) education in South Korea, identifying university-based nonprofit education programs in South Korea and analyze curricular content employing Wish and Mirabella’s seven-category model for evaluating curricular content in nonprofit programs. At present, South Korea offers 23 NPO/NGO degree programs at 16 universities with a combined total of 634 courses being offered as part of these degree programs. In addition, there are 45 universities offering three or more NPO/NGO related courses outside of the identified 23 NPO/NGO degree programs among the top 50 South Korean Universities, including the aforementioned 16 universities. Our findings show that South Korean NPO/NGO degree programs are more focused on advocacy and public policy related topics than on other categories of curriculum content, and with very little focus on financial management related topics in particular. The paper concludes with a discussion of the unique structure of NPO/NGO degree programs compared with programs in the United States, highlighting the proportional difference between the internal and external functions.
The Effect of a Vehicle Diversion Traffic Management Strategy on Spatio-Temporal Park Use: A Study in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA
Authors: Wesstrom Shannon , Creany Noah , Monz Christopher , Miller Anna , D'Antonio Ashley
Published: February 2021

Parks and Protected Areas (PPAs) across the Intermountain West region of the United States have observed an increasing trend in visitation in the past decade. Management of visitors’ vehicles as much as the visitors themselves has created a challenge for managers. Experiencing PPAs by personal vehicle is a popular recreation experience. However, as PPAs accommodate historic levels of visitation, the infrastructure to accommodate these vehicles is strained. In response to periods of especially high use in the summer months, Rocky Mountain National Park (ROMO) actively limits access to the Bear Lake Corridor (BLC), one of the most popular day use areas of the Park. Because of limited parking infrastructure and capacities to provide a safe and quality visitor experience, ROMO redirects (i.e., diverts) vehicles away from the BLC. In July 2017, to examine the effect of this management intervention on visitor spatial behavior, participants intending to enter the BLC were given a Geographic Positioning System (GPS) device to track their movement throughout their visit to the Park. We performed a Distributive Flow analysis with the GPS data to understand the diversion’s effect on traffic patterns of visitor vehicles diverted from the BLC. This study found that 21.2% of diverted visitor vehicles returned to the BLC after being redirected and 9% left the Park entirely, suggesting that there is a lack of substitutability for some visitors within the Park for the experience found along the BLC. During a period of redirection, Moraine Park, Endovalley, and Trail Ridge Road received increased levels of visitation as use was diffused across the Park, which may warrant increased monitoring of changes to the experiential and biophysical conditions in these locations. Diverted visitor vehicles made more stops, drove further distances and for a longer period of time than non-diverted visitor vehicles, but there was no significant difference in the length of time spent at points of interest within the Park. While the diversion was effective in temporarily reducing congestion in the BLC, its effect on visitors’ spatial behavior suggests that overall aggregate impacts to park resources and experiential conditions may be increasing as a result.
The Role of Public Parks in Telling the Nation's Story
Authors: Dustin Daniel , Beck Larry , Wright Brett , Lamke Gene , Murphy James , McDonald Cary
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we discuss the role of public parks in telling the nation’s story via statues, memorials, and monuments. We ground our discussion in affect theory, which addresses the affective responses statues, memorials, and monuments elicit in visitors. Of particular note is affective dissonance, which suggests that a statue, memorial, or monument may evoke a variety of conflicting affective responses. The way in which visitors reconcile these conflicting affective responses shapes their public memory of significant events in our nation’s history. As more is learned about the checkered past of individuals venerated in statues, memorials, and monuments, how should public park administrators respond? We provide several examples of statues, memorials, and monuments that are controversial in nature, and discuss how public park administrators have responded to the challenge of telling the nation’s story through the reinterpretation of events. We also consider the complexity of the management implications, focusing in particular on who should be driving the decisions made. We then discuss the Edmund Pettus Bridge in Selma, Alabama, as a good object lesson in how to deal with the affective dissonance involved in recasting public spaces. In so doing, we underscore the importance of frame theory in educating visitors about the preservation, modification, or removal of existing statues, memorials, or monuments.
Use of Cognitive Apprenticeship Models of Instruction to Support Middle School Students’ Construction and Critique of Written Scientific Explanations and Arguments
Authors: Levin Daniel , De La Paz Susan , Lee Yewon , Nadal Escola Esther
Published: February 2021

Writing in science can be challenging for secondary students, particularly for those with learning disabilities, students who are English learners (EL), and students who struggle with literacy due to other cognitive, language-based, or motivational learning difficulties (i.e., at risk or struggling learners). Moreover, science teachers are generally not equipped to support students’ writing in ways that are authentic to science. Despite being described more than 30 years ago, the field lacks information on cognitive apprenticeships that focus on disciplinary literacy, especially in science. In this paper, we take up these challenges and describe two intervention programs with middle school teachers and their students, focusing on the scientific practices of explanation and argumentation. We describe efforts to support students’ written construction and critique of explanations and arguments, and suggest ways that general and special educators can support students’ engagement in scientific practices through writing.
Reflection on the Short Video’s Algorithm-based Communication in the Age of Post-truth
Authors: Zhao Boyu
Published: February 2021

Combining the characteristics of post-truth era with short video’s form, this article has made a new understanding of Walter Lippmann’s “pseudo-environment”. This author reconsiders the short video based on algorithm communication. In order to reduce the political risk of the algorithm, it is necessary to give full play to the advantages of the algorithm, improve the recommendation mechanism of the recommendation algorithm and take the algorithm as the fourth gatekeeper to check the information, according to the operation mechanism from the platform’s point of view.
Industrial education competencies: Valuing students stakeholder’s role in the academe
Authors: Celarta Cristina B. , Esponilla II Francisco D.
Published: February 2021

Over the years, the Technological University of the Philippines sustains the rank as a highly performing State University in the Philippines in terms of the employability of the graduate students. This qualitative research aimed to explore the relevance of competencies of the graduates of Industrial Education from the school year 2013 to 2017. Convenience sampling techniques were employed in the selection of the respondents. A validated survey questionnaire was utilised to investigate the necessary educational competencies and their relevance to the current labour market. The gathered data were treated statistically using frequency counts, percentage, mean and ranking. Results revealed the relevance of the educational competencies to the current industrial curricula and the importance of academic–industry stakeholders. Hence, the results of the study can be utilised as a basis for the enhancement of collaboration among the academic-industry stakeholders and curriculum development in the aspect of the knowledge-based and competency-based academic performance for productivity.        

 

Keywords: Academic–industry stakeholders, collaboration, curriculum development, educational competency, industry competency.
Intergenerational service-learning, sustainability, and university social responsibility: A pilot study
Authors: Arcos - Alonso Asier , Elías - Ortega Ángel , Arcos - Alonso Ander
Published: February 2021

This paper presents a study of university social responsibility (USR), carried out through an innovative educational action. The students of the studied classrooms in the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) collaborated with a social entity Emmaus Social Foundation dedicated to environmental sustainability, social justice and the social and solidarity economy to provide community services through a service-learning methodology. Using a mixed method approach, we combined the practical experience of the social entity with an active student-centred teaching methodology in order to foster the acquisition of general and specific competencies related to sustainability and social justice. The aim was to create learning connections between members of the university community and links with the environmental and social reality of the Basque Country. This pilot study was carried out in the first term of the 2018–2019 academic year. This work allowed (a) critical knowledge to be generated by incorporating and hybridising discussion elements of social justice, such as sustainability; (b) intergenerational participation processes to be generated between elders, university students and social organisations in order to acquire general and specific learning competencies and (c) social and environmental needs to be addressed through community services.

 

Keywords: Higher education, intergenerational learning, service-learning, teaching innovation, university social responsibility.
Career decision-making amongst high school learners: A descriptive-exploratory study from South Africa
Authors: Chinyamurindi Willie Tafadzwa , Hlatywayo Clifford Kendrick , Mhlanga Tatenda Shaleen , Marange Chioneso Show , Chikungwa-Everson Tarisai
Published: February 2021

The study examined factors influencing career decisions using a sample of high school learners in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. A mixed-method approach was utilised. In the quantitative phase of the study, a sample of 536 high school learners in South Africa filled out the Career Interest Inventory (Fisher & Stafford, 1999) in understanding factors that influence career decisions. Phase two sought to understand qualitatively how the identified factors from phase one influence the enactment of career decisions using focus groups with 60 learners drawn from the sample in phase one. Results from phase one showed that learners' career decisions were highly influenced by academic experiences and self-efficacy, parents, teachers, and peers, respectively. Learners perceived ethnic-gender expectations and negative social events as having low levels of influence when making career decisions. Female learners are significantly more highly influenced by parents, teachers, academic experiences, and self-efficacy than their male counterparts. Findings also reveal not only the complexity but also the sense-making that occurs when making career decisions. Implications are made based on these findings.

 

Keywords: Career counselling, career decisions, career development, high school learners;
Problem-based learning and other active methodologies as support for distance teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Alonso Asier Arcos , Arcos - Alonso Ander
Published: February 2021

This manuscript presents an innovative experience in the teaching–learning process with three objectives. The first is to incorporate the principles and values of social justice, reciprocity and solidarity in the subject ‘Statistics Applied to Business’ in the bachelor’s degree in Business Administration and Management at the University of the Basque Country. The second objective addresses how to apply active methodologies in the teaching of economics and business from a competency-based approach in order to investigate its impact. The third one, on the other hand, tries to explore how to provide students with active distance learning tools to improve and guarantee the quality of the teaching–learning process. The results of the experience demonstrate the potential of technical subjects for the development of transversal competencies and the capacity of students to design and solve complex problems with creativity and knowledge of social and labour realities. Likewise, greater motivation, better knowledge acquisition and appropriation of the work by the students are also detected. Finally, this article shows the potential of methodologies that involve the combined responsibility of students and teachers in the generation of knowledge that favours a professional development that is permeable and sensitive to the changes occurring in the social and labour world.

 

Keywords: Problem-based learning, distance teaching, pandemic, teaching innovation
Peculiarities of distance learning in higher education: The teacher’s functions as a chat communication organizer
Authors: Maleko Elena V. , Kiva-Khamzina Yuliya L. , Rubanova Natal'ya A. , Каrpova Elena V. , Plugina Natalya A. , Trutnev Alexey Yu.
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this article is to define the functions of the teacher as the organizer of chat communication, which has become one of the foundations of Internet communication. The leading method for the study of this problem is the method of situational modeling, which allows considering chat-communication as a process of new social interaction, requiring the leading role of the teacher-organizer, ensuring the maximum involvement of all participants-communicators in this process in order to assimilate new knowledge by the perceiver (learners). This article presents new methodological methods of teacher's work within the framework of chat-communication, defines the important functions of a teacher, who communicates knowledge in the changed socio-cultural environment. The presented methodological material is designed to help teachers of higher education to use chat-communication as a new channel of knowledge transfer from a teacher to a student to adapt to the new communicative realities, to give awareness of the continuity of the educational process, even in a situation of significant changes in conditions of its implementation.

 

Keywords: distance learning, higher education, internet communication, chatting, teacher functions