bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Demographic, Healthcare Access, and Dietary Factors Associated With Thyroid Hormone Treatments for Hypothyroidism
Authors: Ettleson Matthew D , Ibarra Sabrina , Wan Wen , Peterson Sarah , Laiteerapong Neda , Bianco Antonio C
Published: June 2023

Context

Clinical guidelines have recommended a trial of liothyronine (LT3) with levothyroxine (LT4) in select patients with hypothyroidism. However, little is known about the real-world use of LT3 and desiccated thyroid extract (DTE) and the characteristics of patients treated with LT3 and DTE.

Objectives

(1) Determine national trends of new LT4, LT3, and DTE prescriptions in the United States; (2) determine whether sociodemographic, healthcare access, and dietary factors are associated with different thyroid hormone (TH) therapies.

Methods

Parallel cross-sectional studies were conducted using 2 datasets: (1) a national patient claims dataset (2010-2020) and (2) the National Health and Nutrition Examination Study (NHANES) dataset (1999-2016). Included participants had a diagnosis of primary or subclinical hypothyroidism. Study outcomes included the impact of demographics and healthcare access on differences in the proportion of TH therapies consisting of LT4, LT3, and DTE (patient claims) and differences in dietary behaviors between DTE-treated participants and LT4-treated matched controls (NHANES).

Results

On an average annual basis, 47 711 adults received at least 1 new TH prescription, with 88.3% receiving LT4 monotherapy, 2.0% receiving LT3 therapy, and 9.4% receiving DTE therapy. The proportion receiving DTE therapy increased from 5.4% in 2010 to 10.2% in 2020. In the analysis between states, high primary care and endocrinology physician densities were associated with increased use of LT4 monotherapy (odds ratio 2.51, P < .001 and odds ratio 2.71, P < .001). DTE-treated NHANES participants (n = 73) consumed more dietary supplements compared to LT4-treated participants (n = 146) (4.7 vs 2.1, P < .001).

Conclusions

The proportion of new TH therapies containing DTE for hypothyroidism doubled since 2010 while LT3 therapies remained stable. DTE treatment was associated with decreased physician density and increased dietary supplement use.
Does Internal Migration Contribute to the Intergenerational Transmission of Socioeconomic Inequalities? The Role of Childhood Migration
Authors: Bernard Aude
Published: June 2023

The widening of socioeconomic inequalities in most developed countries makes it essential to improve understanding of the mechanisms underpinning social reproduction—that is, the transmission of advantage and disadvantage between generations. This article proposes that internal migration plays a role in transmitting socioeconomic inequalities. Theoretically, the article formulates a conceptual framework building on three lines of inquiry: (1) the intergenerational transmission of internal migration behavior, (2) the role of internal migration in social mobility, and (3) the educational selectivity of internal migration. Empirically, the article quantifies the links between long-distance internal migration and social reproduction in 15 European countries by using a structural equation model on retrospective life history data. The results show that children from higher socioeconomic backgrounds are more likely to migrate, increasing their chances of migrating in adulthood, which is associated with higher socioeconomic status later in life. In addition, advantaged children are more likely to migrate to urban centers with their greater educational and employment opportunities. These results illuminate the socioeconomic impact of internal migration across generations, highlight the importance of conceptualizing internal migration as a life course trajectory, and emphasize the lifelong legacy of childhood migration.
Μελέτη της βιολογικής δράσης εκχυλισμάτων γηγενών ποικιλιών οίνου, σε in vitro και in vivo συστήματα με τη χρήση μοριακών τεχνικών
Authors: Τέκος Φώτιος
Published: June 2023

Ο οίνος αποτελεί σημαντικό στοιχείο της Ελληνικής και παγκόσμιας διατροφής και είναι άρρηκτα συνδεδεμένος με την κουλτούρα, την παράδοση και την καθημερινότητα των ανθρώπων εδώ και χιλιάδες χρόνια. Ένας μεγάλος αριθμός μελετών έχει αναδείξει τις ευεργετικές ιδιότητες των οίνων και των εκχυλισμάτων τους, ωστόσο είναι εξαιρετικά μικρός ο αριθμός των ερευνών που έχουν πραγματοποιηθεί σε Ελληνικές ποικιλίες. Με βάση τα παραπάνω, στην παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή πραγματοποιήθηκε ενδελεχής και ολιστική αξιολόγηση της βιοδραστικότητας τεσσάρων Ελληνικών ποικιλιών οίνου και εκχυλισμάτων που προέκυψαν από αυτούς σε πολλαπλά επίπεδα ελέγχου και ειδικότερα σε in vitro cell-free, in vitro cell-based και in vivo συστήματα, μέσω μίας συγκεκριμένης και έγκυρης μεθοδολογικής προσέγγισης. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, αξιολογήθηκε ο οίνος και τα εκχυλίσματα οίνου των ποικιλιών Ξινόμαυρο, Αγιωργίτικο, Ασύρτικο και Μαλαγουζιά. Τα αποτελέσματα έδειξαν ότι τα δείγματα διαθέτουν πλούσια πολυφαινολική σύσταση και ισχυρή αντιοξειδωτική και αντιμεταλλαξιγόνο δράση. Σε κυτταρικό επίπεδο παρατηρήθηκε προστασία των κυττάρων από τις ελεύθερες ρίζες, την οξείδωση των λιπιδίων και των πρωτεϊνών, καθώς και αυξημένη αντιοξειδωτική ικανότητα σε διάφορες συγκεντρώσεις, κυτταρικούς τύπους και ποικιλίες εκχυλίσματος οίνου. Σε ότι αφορά το in vivo πείραμα, οι επίμυες που κατανάλωσαν το εκχύλισμα Ξινόμαυρου εμφάνισαν ιστοειδικά ευεργετικά αποτελέσματα, εύρημα που παρατηρείται για πρώτη φορά στη διεθνή βιβλιογραφία αναφορικά με την ελληνική ποικιλία Ξινόμαυρο. Τα αποτελέσματα αυτά μπορούν να βοηθήσουν στην αύξηση της προστιθέμενης αξίας των ελληνικών οίνων και να συμβάλλουν στην ενίσχυση της ανταγωνιστικότητάς τους σε διεθνές επίπεδο. Παράλληλα, η μεθοδολογία που χρησιμοποιήθηκε μπορεί να συνεισφέρει ώστε να μελετηθούν εύκολα και γρήγορα οι ελληνικές αλλά και διεθνείς ποικιλίες, ώστε να αξιολογηθούν και να συγκριθούν μεταξύ τους αναδεικνύοντας τις ιδιαιτερότητες και τις βιολογικές δράσεις της τους στην προάσπιση της υγείας και της ευεξίας του ανθρώπου.
Challenges in the application of the Tshivenda scientific register for physical sciences classrooms
Authors: Netshivhumbe Ndivhuwo P , Mudau Awelani V.
Published: June 2023

Background: This paper investigated some of the challenges in the application of Tshivenda scientific register (TSR) during classroom practices of some physical sciences teachers in some of the public secondary schools in the Vhembe West District, South Africa.

Methods: It was an interpretative qualitative case study wherein three physical sciences teachers and 40 learners took part in the study. The study conducted at schools of Vhuronga 2 circuit in Vhembe West District between January 2022 to November 2022. Interviews and classroom observations were used for data collections. Researchers analyzed their data through Data Analysis Scheme (DAS) which comprised of themes, categories, and characteristics in this qualitative study. Texts that belong to a particular theme were highlighted using same colour and track changes was also used to codify categories and characteristics of a theme.

Results: The research findings had shown numerous challenges in the teaching and learning of physical sciences including teachers and learners not used to physical sciences being taught and learnt through TSR, not familiar with some scientific words in TSR, difficulties in understanding scientific term in TSR as well as absence of Tshivenda physical sciences resources beside TSR. Consequently, this has impacts on teacher and learner’s ability to implement TSR in the teaching and learning of Physical Sciences. Moreover, the findings also show that teachers and learners participated in the study sometimes switch from Tshivenda Scientific words to English Scientific words during Physical Sciences lessons.

Conclusions: Therefore, it is suggested that the above-mentioned challenges in the development and application of TSR for Physical Sciences teaching need to be addressed so that teachers can teach learners Physical Sciences through language they know best. Hence, physical sciences teachers must be developed, trained, and furnished with essential language skills for them to develop Tshivenda scientific language registers on other sciences topics.
Sobre el documental y la ciudad lectura urbana y transformación social.
Authors: Teixeira Pedro , Tramontano Marcelo
Published: June 2023

O presente artigo tem como objetivo contribuir para o debate em torno do conceito de leitura urbana, formulada a partir da sistematização de experiências práticas. Considerando sua extensiva utilização, especialmente na área dos estudos urbanos, buscamos oferecer uma análise crítica que dialoga com diversos campos do conhecimento que o atravessam, dentre os quais destacam-se o Cinema e a Pedagogia. Propomos, inicialmente, relacioná-lo com o pensamento freireano, no qual encontramos, na ideia de leitura do mundo (Freire, 1985), uma importante correspondência. Tal aproximação evidencia o potencial transdisciplinar do conceito e as múltiplas possibilidades relativas ao entendimento do termo “leitura”, em especial dos processos de leitura do espaço construído. Buscando elucidar modos de ler, propomos, em seguida, uma investigação acerca do filme documentário, explorando o saber-fazer audiovisual como um meio de observação, percepção e interpretação da cidade. O trabalho aborda e analisa, por fim, o caso do Filme de Rua, um coletivo e um filme homônimo, verificando limites e potencialidades desses dois exemplos para os estudos urbanos e, em particular, o campo de Arquitetura e Urbanismo.
Determinants of early initiation of breastfeeding in children under 59 months' old in northeast Ethiopia
Authors: Meikena Henok Kumsa , Yimer Nigus Bililign , Liben Misgan Legesse
Published: June 2023

Background/Aims

Early initiation of breastfeeding takes place within the first hour of life and has maternal and fetal benefits. Despite this, late initiation is prevalent in Ethiopia. This study's aim was to investigate early initiation of breastfeeding and its associated factors in children under 59 months' old in north Wollo, Ethiopia.

Methods

This institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from November to December 2020 in the north Wollo zone. A total of 385 women who had a child aged 0–59 months and attended selected health institutions (one hospital and nine health centres) were included in the study. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analysed using univariable and multivariable logistic regression.

Results

Overall, 58.2% of women began breastfeeding within the recommended timeframe. Number of antenatal care visits, mode and place of birth and radio use were significantly associated with early initiation of breastfeeding.

Conclusions

Despite the crucial benefits of early initiation of breastfeeding for mothers and neonates, the prevalence of early initiation in the study area was below recommended levels. Therefore, the authors recommend that health professionals inform mothers to start breastfeeding as early as possible, particularly after a caesarean section. Early initiation should be promoted to all women during the antepartum and intrapartum periods. Understanding the in-depth causes of delayed breastfeeding initiation requires further study.
On-going Battle
Authors: Grylls Bethan
Published: June 2023

The fight to ensure cybersecurity is on-going and in mission and safety-critical markets, system protection is critical.
Microelectronics in Space
Authors: Leger Jean-Michel
Published: June 2023

In space the challenges and opportunities for the microelectronics industry are far reaching, as Jean-Michel Leger explains
Design and Test of a Lateral-Approaching and Horizontal-Pushing Transplanting Manipulator for Greenhouse Seedlings
Authors: Han Luhua , Mo Menghan , Ma Haorui , Kumi Francis , Mao Hanping
Published: June 2023

Highlights

A lateral-approaching and horizontal-pushing automatic transplanting manipulator was developed on the basis of cultural practice for vegetable production.

The transplanting manipulator approached the seedlings using a circuitous path, which could get away from the seedling plants for extraction with low damages.

Based on the modern mechatronics and pneumatic technology, a set of control system was designed to coordinate each function unit for flexible automation.

Abstract. A lateral-approaching and horizontal-pushing transplanting manipulator for greenhouse seedlings was developed to minimize the damage of their stems and leaves during transplanting. The manipulator is composed of a pick-up robotic arm, an end-effector, two conveyors, and a control system. The robotic arm liking a spatial 3-DoF displacement mechanism to achieve a point-to-point circuitous locomotion of the end-effector was designed with the mechanism combination innovation method, which consisted of two crossing high-speed linear modules and a pushing slide cylinder. The end-effector of a pincette-type mechanism uses two cylinder fingers and four pins to pick up and release the seedlings. Each conveyor adopts a flat-belt transmission mode to move the plug tray/growth pot to the working position of the end-effector. The control system coordinates the flexible automation of each component. A physical prototype of the manipulator was constructed and its performance was tested under laboratory conditions. Through the high-speed camera test, the end-effector could approach plug seedling in lateral sliding way to effectively shelter the seedling plants. On the whole, the maximum holding angles of these seedling plants were larger than 45° with little effects on the subsequent growth. The corresponding performance tests showed that the average success ratios for automatic transplanting were up to 97.57% for typical pepper and cabbage seedlings. The lateral-approaching and horizontal-pushing transplanting performance was satisfactory. Keywords: Circuitous path, Greenhouse production, Low damage, Plug seedling, Transplanting.
Field Survey of Trunk Line Heating Gas Leaks in Commercial Broiler Houses
Authors: Davis Jeremiah D. , Arnold Baylor D. , Smith Cody R. , Griggs Kelly G. , Rueda Martha S. , Campbell Jesse C. , Edge Carson M. , Purswell Joseph L.
Published: June 2023

Highlights

Producers can spend less than 30-min per house to check for trunkline leaks and should check annually or when a drastic increase in fuel usage occurs.

Leaking fittings on 101 houses surveyed were not correlated with either house age or floor area and averaged 6.9% ± 0.6% per house. Leaks seemed to be more about regulator quality and installation craftsmanship with variation across farms and houses within farms.

Producers should get written verification from contractors/installers that newly constructed houses are free of leaks.

Rigid gas piping systems should include periodic union fittings to allow for easy repair of leaks.

Abstract. A field survey was conducted on 23 farms (101 broiler houses ranging in age from new to 33 years old) in central and south Alabama to evaluate the presence of gas leaks on the high-pressure trunk line. Gas trunk lines usually run on the outside of poultry houses exposing them to temperature fluctuations that cause expansion and contraction of the rigid steel piping. Each threaded connection has the potential to leak. A soap solution in a hand sprayer was used to spray each connection and evaluate the presence of a leak through bubble formation. Leaking fittings were evaluated as percentage of total fittings to account for variation across houses. Pearson correlation matrices were used to determine correlations of house age and floor area on total number of fittings and percentage of leaking fittings. Total number of fittings ranged from 36 to 170 per house and was strongly correlated to floor area [r(99) = 0.70, p < 0.0001]. Larger floor areas require more heaters and longer piping systems. Percentage leaking fittings ranged from minimum of 0% to maximum of 32% per house and was not correlated with either house age [r(99) = 0.03, p = 0.74] or floor area [r(99) = 0.05, p = 0.65] for the houses surveyed. Leaks seemed to be more about regulator quality and installation craftsmanship with variation across farms and houses within farms. Of houses surveyed, the overall mean leaking fittings was 6.9% ± 0.6%. Poultry producers should get written verification from the gas line contractor/installer that newly constructed houses are free of leaks before operating the farm. It would be useful for poultry producers to check for leaks annually to verify system integrity and to monitor any developing leaks. Keywords: Broiler house, Gas leaks, Heating fuel, Natural gas, Propane.
Hybrid amplifier placement in mesh DWDM networks using integer linear programming models
Authors: Pedro João , Costa Nelson
Published: June 2023

Hybrid erbium-doped fiber (EDF)/Raman amplifiers (HFAs) can be utilized to improve the performance of specific fiber spans in dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) networks, aiming to extend the reach and/or increase the capacity of optical channels, thereby reducing the total number of line interfaces required to satisfy a given set of traffic demands. However, HFAs are costlier than simpler EDF amplifiers (EDFAs) since they include Raman pumps in addition to an EDFA. Consequently, it is paramount to place them only at selected fiber spans of the network so as to maximize their impact while keeping their number limited. It has been shown that HFA placement can be a complex task in mesh DWDM networks in view of optical channel diversity, with each fiber span traversed by multiple channels with different source and destination nodes. Building on the approximation that noise adds up incoherently along the transmission path, this paper proposes optimal methods to solve the problem of placing hybrid amplifiers in mesh networks. Particularly, it describes two integer linear programming models, one to determine the minimum number and location of HFAs required to reach a target set of feasible optical channels (i.e., without intermediate 3R regenerators) and another to maximize the number of feasible optical channels given a limited number of HFAs to be deployed. A comprehensive set of network simulations using three reference optical network topologies is reported, providing insight into the effectiveness of the proposed models when compared to existing approaches.
Strong light absorption and absorption absence in photonic crystals with helical structure in an external static magnetic field
Authors: Gevorgyan A. H. , Vanyushkin N. A. , Efimov I. M. , Kamenev A. O. , Golik S. S. , Gharagulyan H. , Sarukhanyan T. M. , Daher Malek G. , Oganesyan K. B.
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we investigate the light absorption in helically structured photonic crystals (HSPCs) in an external static magnetic field in the case when the parameter of magneto-optical activity is a function of the light wavelength. We investigate and compare the spectra of absorption, the spectra of imaginary parts of wave vectors of forward propagating eigenwaves, the spectra of the azimuth φ and ellipticity e of the total wave excited in the HSPC layer at its input surface for diffracting eigenwaves for both the absence and presence of an external magnetic field and, finally, in the absence and presence of absorption. All features of absorption are considered in detail, and their mechanisms are revealed.
Design and manufacture of a large field of view thermal infrared catoptric imaging system in an αZ configuration
Authors: Duveau Louis , Druart Guillaume , Lepine Thierry
Published: June 2023

A geometry of a catoptric imaging system using three mirrors in an AlphaZ configuration is presented. This geometry allows large field of view and large aperture catoptric systems, useful for optronic pods as an example. A proof of concept with an 18×24 degree full field of view and a F/1.5 aperture is built using slow tool servo and 5 axis machining and characterized in the long wave infrared domain. The built system achieves nearly diffraction limited performance.
Orbital angular momentum holographic multicasting for switchable and secure wireless optical communication links
Authors: Li Baoli , Su Hang , Meng Weijia , Cheng Ke , Luan Haitao , Gu Min , Fang Xinyuan
Published: June 2023

The physical dimension of orbital angular momentum (OAM) states of light has been successfully implemented as information carrier in wireless optical communication (WOC) links. However, the current OAM data coding strategies in WOC are mainly limited to the temporal domain, rarely involving the degree of freedom of spatial domain to transmit an image directly. Here, we apply OAM holographic multiplexing technology for spatial information encoding in WOC links. Further, we demonstrate the new concept of OAM holographic multicasting, wherein a beam-steering grating has been utilized for information decoding. To distribute the OAM multiplexing information appropriately in the receiving terminal, the beam-steering grating with controllable topological charges and amplitude weighting coefficients of each diffraction order in the spatial frequency domain has been designed. An iterative algorithm has been introduced to obtain the intensity uniformity >98% at target diffraction orders. As such, this scheme experimentally allows four separate users to receive independent images, which can be switched by modulating the topological charges of the beam-steering gratings at each diffraction order. In addition, this leads to a beam-steering grating-encrypted WOC links, wherein the information can only be decoded by the grating phase with 7 pre-set spatial frequency components. Our results mark a new parallel decoding paradigm of OAM multiplexing holography, which opens up the door for future high-capacity and high-security all-optical holographic communications.
Actively tunable rasorber with broadband RCS reduction and low infrared emissivity
Authors: Fan Chenxi , Duan Kun , Chen Ke , Jiang Tian , Zhao Junming , Feng Yijun
Published: June 2023

In this paper, an actively tunable rasorber with broadband RCS reduction and low infrared emissivity is proposed. The rasorber can achieve flexible control of the peak of the transmission frequency and make the platform invisible in multiple spectrum. Based on the combination of varactor diodes and bandpass frequency-selective surface (FSS), the transmission window can be continuously tuned from 1.8 to 4.5 GHz. The designed rasorber has more than 10 dB RCS reduction from 5.4 to 14.1 GHz. Furthermore, an infrared low emissivity layer based on ITO resistance film is added above the rasorber, and the average infrared emissivity of the measured surface is 0.33. The experimental and simulation results are in good agreement. This work is expected to be applied to frequency hopping secure communication and ultra-wideband, multi-spectrum stealth.
Robust femtosecond-written chirped and tilted fiber Bragg gratings for Raman filtering in multi-kW fiber lasers
Authors: Li Hao , Ye Xinyu , Wang Meng , Wu Baiyi , Gao Chenhui , Rao Binyu , Tian Xin , Xi Xiaoming , Chen Zilun , Wang Zefeng , Chen Jinbao
Published: June 2023

We present a robust chirped and tilted fiber Bragg grating (CTFBG) in a large-mode-area double-cladding fiber (LMA-DCF) written by a femtosecond (fs) laser. By implementing the fs-CTFBG into the output end of a high-power fiber laser for Raman filtering, a power handling capability of 4 kW is achieved with a Raman filtering ratio of ∼13 dB. To the best of our knowledge, this is the maximum handling power of a CTFBG for Raman filtering. The signal loss of the fs-CTFBG is 0.03 dB, which has little effect on the output laser beam quality. The air-cooled fs-CTFBG has a minimum temperature slope of 7.8°C/kW due to a self-annealing effect. This work proves the excellent performance of the fs-CTFBG, promoting the development of high-power CTFBGs.
Photonic reservoir computing with a silica microsphere cavity
Authors: Xu Junwei , Zhao Tong , Chang Pengfa , Wang Chen , Wang Anbang
Published: June 2023

We experimentally demonstrate a photonic reservoir computing (RC) system using a passive silica microsphere cavity. The microsphere cavity exhibits a consistent nonlinear response to the non-return-to-zero signal and the multiple-level signal due to strong interference between numerous whispering gallery modes in the “over-coupling” state. Benefiting from the fact that the long photon lifetime inside the microsphere cavity provides a memory of past inputs, this photonic reservoir does not require a delayed feedback loop. We evaluate the generalization property of the RC system and obtain a correlation coefficient of 0.923. In addition, we obtain a NMSE of 0.06 for the Santa-Fe chaotic time series prediction task and a SER of 0.02 at a SNR of 12 dB for the nonlinear channel equalization task. Moreover, a microsphere cavity with a higher quality factor can provide a larger memory capacity. The application of the silica microsphere cavity as a small-volume passive device in a reservoir furnishes a new avenue for achieving a low-consumption and integrated RC system.
Efficient beam splitting using zero-load-impedance metagratings: publisher’s note
Authors: Tan Zhen , Yi Jianjia , Popov Vladislav , Burokur Shah Nawaz
Published: June 2023

This publisher’s note contains corrections to Opt. Lett.
48, 3275 (2023)10.1364/OL.491711.
Exploring causal effects of smoking and alcohol related lifestyle factors on self-report tiredness: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Li Heshan , Zhao Junru , Liang Jing , Song Xiaoyu
Published: June 2023

Self-reported tiredness or low energy, often referred to as fatigue, has been linked to lifestyle factors, although data from randomized–controlled trials are lacking. We investigate whether modifiable lifestyle factors including smoking and alcohol intake related exposures (SAIEs) are causal factors for fatigue using Mendelian randomization (MR). A two-sample MR study was performed by using genome-wide association summary results from UK Biobank (UKBB), and each of the sample size is more than 100,000. We used the inverse variance weighted method, and sensitivity analyses (MR Egger, weighted median, penalized median estimators, and multivariable MR) to account for pleiotropy. The two-sample MR analyses showed inverse causal effect of never-smoking status and positive effect of current smoking status on the risk of fatigue. Similarly, genetically predicted alcoholic intake was positively associated with fatigue. The results were consistent across the different MR methods. Our Mendelian randomization analyses do support that the cessation of smoking and alcohol can decrease the risk of fatigue, and limit alcohol intake frequency can also reduce the risk.
Illicit COVID-19 products online: A mixed-method approach for identifying and preventing online health risks
Authors: Catalani Valeria , Townshend Honor D. , Prilutskaya Mariya , Chilcott Robert P. , Metastasio Antonio , Banayoti Hani , McSweeney Tim , Corazza Ornella
Published: June 2023

Aims

The COVID-19 pandemic triggered a demand for vaccines, cures, and the need of related documentation for travel, work and other purposes. Our project aimed to identify the illicit availability of such products across the Dark Web Markets (DWMs).

Methods

A retrospective search for COVID-19 related products was carried out across 118 DWMs since the start of the pandemic (March 2020-October 2021). Data on vendors as well as advertised goods such as asking price, marketplace, listed date were collected and further validated through additional searches on the open web to verify the information relating to specific marketplaces. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used for data analysis.

Results

Forty-two listings of unlicenced COVID-19 cures and vaccination certificates were identified across 8 marketplaces sold by 25 vendors with significant variation in prices. The listings were found to be geographically specific and followed the progression of the pandemic in terms of availability. Correlations between vendor portfolios of COVID-19 products and variety of goods of other illicit nature such as illegal weaponry, medication/drugs of abuse also emerged from our analysis.

Conclusion

This study is one of the first attempts to identify the availability of unlicenced COVID-19 products on DWMs. The easy accessibility to vaccines, fake test certificates and hypothetical/illegal cures poses serious health risks to (potential) buyers due to the uncontrolled nature of such products. It also exposes buyers to an unwanted contact with vendors selling a variety of other dangerous illicit goods. Further monitoring and regulatory responses should be implemented to protect the health and safety of citizens especially at times of global crisis.
Perception and demand for healthy snacks/beverages among US consumers vary by product, health benefit, and color
Authors: Okpiaifo Glory Esohe , Dormoy-Smith Bertille , Kassas Bachir , Gao Zhifeng
Published: June 2023

Concerns about the numerous health problems associated with unhealthy snacks prompted recommendations to steer individuals toward healthier eating habits. One such recommendation advises limiting unhealthy snacks and replacing them with more fruits and vegetables with significant health benefits. This study investigates US consumers’ perceptions and preferences for healthy (vegetable-based) snacks/beverages. An online survey was designed to estimate consumer perception and willingness-to-pay (WTP) for vegetable-based crackers, spreads, and beverages. A sampling company sent the survey to its national consumer panels in 2020, resulting in a sample of 402 US consumers. Eligible participants were adults, primary grocery shoppers who consumed crackers, spreads, and beverages. Consumer WTP for healthy snacks/beverages, the dependent variable, was elicited using a payment card method. Independent variables include personality traits (Innovativeness and Extraversion) and the important factors affecting healthy snack purchases, health consciousness, and demographic variables. Results show that consumers’ preferences for healthy snacking vary by product, even when the products have similar health benefits. Significant positive associations exist between WTP for healthy snacks/beverages and personality traits, health consciousness, and some demographics. This study provides critical insights to policymakers and informs marketing campaigns to promote healthy snacking in the US more effectively.
Changes in hospitalizations and emergency department respiratory viral diagnosis trends before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Habbous Steven , Hota Susy , Allen Vanessa G. , Henry Michele , Hellsten Erik
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Population-level surveillance systems have demonstrated reduced transmission of non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viruses during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we examined whether this reduction translated to reduced hospital admissions and emergency department (ED) visits associated with influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus, human parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, rhinovirus/enterovirus, and common cold coronavirus in Ontario.

Methods

Hospital admissions were identified from the Discharge Abstract Database and exclude elective surgical admissions and non-emergency medical admissions (January 2017-March 2022). Emergency department (ED) visits were identified from the National Ambulatory Care Reporting System. International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) codes were used to classify hospital visits by virus type (January 2017-May 2022).

Results

At the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, hospitalizations for all viruses were reduced to near-trough levels. Hospitalizations and ED visits for influenza (9,127/year and 23,061/year, respectively) were nearly absent throughout the pandemic (two influenza seasons; April 2020-March 2022). Hospitalizations and ED visits for RSV (3,765/year and 736/year, respectively) were absent for the first RSV season during the pandemic, but returned for the 2021/2022 season. This resurgence of hospitalizations for RSV occurred earlier in the season than expected, was more likely among younger infants (age ≤6 months), more likely among older children (aged 6.1–24 months), and less likely to comprise of patients residing in higher areas of ethnic diversity (p<0.0001).

Conclusion

During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a reduced the burden of other respiratory infections on patients and hospitals. The epidemiology of respiratory viruses in the 2022/23 season remains to be seen.
Communicating climate change and biodiversity loss with local populations: Exploring communicative utopias in eight transdisciplinary case studies
Authors: Ansari Dawud , Schönenberg Regine , Abud Melissa , Becerra Laura , Brahim Wassim , Castiblanco Javier , de la Vega-Leinert Anne Cristina , Dudley Nigel , Dunlop Michael , Figueroa Carolina , Guevara Oscar , Hauser Philipp , Hobbie Hannes , Hossain Mostafa A.R. , Hugé Jean , de Bisthoven Luc Janssens , Keunen Hilde , Munera-Roldan Claudia , Petzold Jan , Rochette Anne-Julie , Schmidt Matthew , Schumann Charlotte , Sengupta Sayanti , Stoll-Kleemann Susanne , van Kerkhoff Lorrae , Vanhove Maarten P.M. , Wyborn Carina
Published: June 2023

Climate change and biodiversity loss trigger policies targeting and impacting local communities worldwide. However, research and policy implementation often fail to sufficiently consider community responses and involve them. We present the results of a collective self-assessment exercise for eight case studies of communications regarding climate change or biodiversity loss between project teams and local communities. We develop eight indicators of good stakeholder communication, reflecting the scope of Verran (2002)'s concept of postcolonial moments as a communicative utopia. We demonstrate that applying our indicators can enhance communication and enable community responses. However, we discover a divergence between timing, complexity, and (introspective) effort. Three cases qualify for postcolonial moments, but scrutinizing power relations and genuine knowledge co-production remain rare. While we verify the potency of various instruments for deconstructing science, their sophistication cannot substitute trust building and epistemic/transdisciplinary awareness. Lastly, we consider that reforming inadequate funding policies helps improving the work in and with local communities.
A EPIDEMIA DE DENGUE EM CAMPINAS-SP EM 2015 E SUA RELAÇÃO COM FATORES SOCIOECONÔMICOS E AMBIENTAIS
Authors: Mendes Jessica Andretta , Ferreira Marcos César
Published: June 2023

Investigou-se a associação espacial entre a incidência de dengue e variáveis socioeconômicas e ambientais, durante a epidemia ocorrida em 2015, em Campinas-SP. Foram utilizadas técnicas de suavização empírica bayesiana de taxas de incidência e testes de normalidade – aplicados às variáveis explicativas. Foram utilizados os métodos de autocorrelação espacial local de Moran (univariado e bivariado) para investigar a associação espacial entre as taxas de incidência e as variáveis explicativas. A taxa de incidência demonstrou associação positiva e estatisticamente significante com a proporção de domicílios do tipo casa, proximidade de potenciais criadouros e média de moradores por domicílio, e apresentou autocorrelação espacial negativa, estatisticamente significante com o rendimento médio domiciliar. Concluiu-se que as taxas de incidência estavam associadas a todas as variáveis consideradas.
DINÂMICA DO MERCADO CONSUMIDOR DE VINHOS FINOS E CERVEJAS ESPECIAIS NO BRASIL NO SÉCULO XXI
Authors: Limberger Silvia Cristina , Medeiros Marlon Clovis
Published: June 2023

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o consumo de vinhos e cervejas no país, a partir da análise da evolução da distribuição de renda. Parte-se do pressuposto de que o aumento da riqueza estimula o desejo por maior variedade de produtos e de que as relações de consumo são essenciais no processo de desenvolvimento econômico, uma vez que de nada adianta produzir uma mercadoria se essa não for consumida. Nesse sentido observa-se, nos anos 2000, a emergência das cervejas especiais no mercado consumidor de bebidas alcoólicas, assim como, a expansão da produção de vinhos finos. Esse consumo está estritamente vinculado à elevação das classes de salários intermediários e aos novos consumidores das classes A e B dispostos a consumir produtos de luxo, mas também à diversificação de produtos realizada pelas empresas situadas no território nacional. Constatou-se, a partir das análises, que o mercado consumidor brasileiro, diferenciado pela distribuição de renda, se distingue no consumo de vinhos e cervejas pela regularidade com que consomem. Foi possível concluir também, que o mercado está em ascensão, tendo em vista o baixo consumo per capita, principalmente para o caso dos vinhos.
GEOGRAFIA E TRABALHO DE CAMPO VIRTUAL: PROCESSO DE ENSINO E APRENDIZAGEM EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA DA COVID-19
Authors: Rocha Vanessa  Tamiris Rodrigues , Ribeiro  Brenda Soares , Jesus Felipe Maurício Pereira de , Marques Samuel Carlos Santos , Alves Rahyan Carvalho
Published: June 2023

O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar brevemente a experiência do trabalho de campo virtual realizado no ano de 2020, a partir da proposta da disciplina de Geomorfologia Ambiental, do curso de licenciatura em Geografia, de uma Universidade Estadual localizada no estado de Minas Gerais. Para tanto, utilizou-se como metodologia revisão bibliográfica e apresentação de relato de experiência. Como resultado, constatamos que as áreas estudadas possuem um determinado grau de degradação, que necessitam de um planejamento estratégico para a preservação e manutenção dos seus recursos naturais. E que mesmo em tempos de reclusão, devido à pandemia da Covid-19, é possível realizar trabalhos de campo geográficos de maneira remota, uma vez que tal atividade se apresenta como essencial para a formação docente.
PROBABILIDADE DE OCORRÊNCIA DE TEMPERATURAS MÍNIMAS MENSAIS PREJUDICIAIS E FAVORÁVEIS AOS CULTIVOS AGRÍCOLAS EM MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Borges Rodrigo de Morais , Cargnelutti Filho Alberto , Loro Murilo Vieira
Published: June 2023

Os objetivos deste trabalho foram verificar o ajuste das séries de dados de temperatura mínima mensal do ar (Tmin), de 47 municípios do Estado de Minas Gerais, às funções de distribuições de probabilidade normal, log-normal, gama e weibull; determinar, para cada série de dados, o valor de Tmin cuja probabilidade de ocorrência de Tmin menor ou igual a esse valor é de 90%; e elaborar mapas com a interpolação desses valores em isolinhas com diferença de 0,5ºC. Nas 564 séries de dados (47 municípios × 12 meses) de Tmin aplicou-se o teste de aderência de Kolmogorov-Smirnov e determinou-se o valor de Tmin cuja probabilidade de ocorrência de Tmin menor ou igual a esse valor é de 90%. Os dados de Tmin se ajustam às distribuições normal, log-normal, gama e weibull. As estimativas dos parâmetros da distribuição normal (média e desvio padrão) podem ser utilizadas para determinar o valor de Tmin cuja probabilidade de ocorrência de Tmin menor ou igual a esse valor é de 90% e, para posterior elaboração de mapas com a interpolação desses valores de Tmin em isolinhas. As isolinhas são úteis para verificar a probabilidade de ocorrência de Tmin prejudicial ou favorável para culturas agrícolas.
Envolvimentos público-privados em projetos de intervenção urbana e as necessidades da população
Authors: Souza Vitoria Gonzatti , Reis Antônio Tarcísio
Published: June 2023

O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar, considerando a população local, projetos de intervenção urbana com envolvimento público-privado, nomeadamente, o do Cais Mauá e o do Pontal do Estaleiro, e verificar se tais projetos atendem as necessidades dessa população. Os dados foram coletados através de questionários via internet e de entrevistas, sendo analisados através do teste estatístico Kendall´s W, das frequências e dos significados dos aspectos mencionados. Os resultados evidenciam que os projetos, apesar de possuírem elementos bem avaliados, em geral, não atendem aos interesses da população, principalmente devido à presença de edificações voltadas para a rentabilização do espaço, em detrimento de mais espaços públicos, culturais e áreas verdes.
Investigación - Categoría A
Authors: VV. AA.
Published: June 2023

Premio ARQUISUR Investigación - Categoría A
Los trabajos presentados al Premio ARQUISUR Investigación son aquellos que derivan de procesos de producción del conocimiento, elaborados por docentes y/o estudiantes de las Facultades o Escuelas de Arquitectura de ARQUISUR, como parte de su actividad académica, independientemente de su fuente de financiación, si existiera.
La Categoría A contiene trabajos producidos por investigadores en formación, realizados en forma individual o en grupo, por alumnos de grado, docentes o egresados con no más de 5 años de recibidos al momento de presentar el trabajo a este Premio ARQUISUR.
Extensión - Categoría A
Authors: VV. AA.
Published: June 2023

Premio ARQUISUR Extensión - Categoría A
Los trabajos presentados al Premio ARQUISUR Extensión son aquellos proyectos en ejecución o ejecutados, cuyo impacto pueda ser verificado, llevados a cabo por equipos disciplinarios e interdisciplinarios constituidos por alumnos, docentes y/o graduados, con el fin de permitir la integración, articulación y fortalecimiento de las distintas áreas disciplinares de las Universidades. En todos los casos, estos proyectos fueron formalmente acreditados por la Unidad Académica de filiación de los autores.
La Categoría A contiene trabajos que incorporan el vínculo con la comunidad y se desarrollan en el marco de Actividades Curriculares durante un lapso acotado dentro del ciclo académico (mes-es, trimestre-s, cuatrimestre-s, etc.).
«La Enciclopedia Escolar Argentina. Periódico quincenal de educación» (1879‒1881)
Authors: López García María
Published: June 2023

El artículo, enmarcado en el enfoque glotopolítico, estudia las condiciones histórico‒políticas de surgimiento de la revista infantil «La Enciclopedia Escolar Argentina», publicada en Buenos Aires entre 1879 y 1881. Busca demostrar que la publicación puede entenderse como parte de un programa de gestión de un modelo educativo para la Nación que su director, Adolfo van Gelderen, también implementó desde el ejercicio administrativo y legislativo.

Las hipótesis de base son, por un lado, que las lecciones publicadas en «La Enciclopedia» (entre ellas, las de gramática) operan como estrategia para generar representaciones en favor de imponer un curriculum escolar moderno. Por otro, que la pauta lingüística expresada en las lecciones de gramática no respondía tanto a razones de soberanía lingüística como al sostenimiento de la red de gestores de la política educativa nacional de la que van Gelderen participaba. Para demostrarlo, en primer lugar, el artículo presta atención a algunos agentes centrales de la política del período, como Domingo Sarmiento o los hermanos Estrada, quienes tienen incidencia directa en gestión de «La Enciclopedia». Luego analiza las condiciones materiales y genéricas de publicación a través de las cuales se advierten las pujas por la instalación de una pauta educativa nacional.
«Traer lo imposible de vuelta a casa»
Authors: Dorfman Daniela
Published: June 2023

La cuestión de la naturaleza del significado de la música ha sido tema de debate desde que la música devino interés de investigación académica para la estética, la filosofía, la historia, la semiótica, y la sociología, entre otras disciplinas. La comparación música‒lenguaje, la música como expresión o comunicación de emociones e ideas específicas, los modos en que significa, su capacidad de significado intrínseco, extrínseco, autónomo, estable, contingente, social, histórico, y/o político son algunas de las teorías que buscan desentrañar los modos en que la música se relaciona con su exterior. Este dossier presenta análisis y reflexiones sobre la tradición, la circulación, y la construcción de una escena musical para pensar cómo la música significa, cómo se configura un contexto musical latinoamericano y cómo el archivo musical latinoamericano dialoga con el discurso musical global. El dossier trabaja sobre la música como producción cultural, histórica y social a partir de la relación con su contexto y con las asociaciones culturales y afectivas que produce así como con los factores que la condicionan.
Palito Ortega: la felicidad como misterio socio‒musicológico
Authors: Alabarces Pablo , Gilbert Abel
Published: June 2023

Nuestra reciente investigación sobre el cantautor «Palito» Ortega nos presentó bastantes problemas a resolver. Se trata una carrera centralmente de compositor y cantante popular, y una carrera especialmente exitosa: Palito Ortega fue y es el segundo artista argentino más vendedor de la historia de la música local, solo superado por Leo Dan, con 28 millones de discos frente a los 43 millones de este último. Si limitamos la comparación a sus contemporáneos, Palito está entre los diez artistas latinoamericanos más vendedores de la historia del continente. Sin embargo, su obra nunca estudiada: el artista más exitoso de la llamada música moderna argentina jamás fue indagado en tanto tal —es decir, ni como artista ni como exitoso—. ¿Qué se puede decir de la obra de Palito? Y consecuentemente: ¿dónde radicaron las causas de su éxito? Nuestro trabajo pretendió eludir la condena o el menosprecio elitista, así como la exactamente inversa celebración populista. Queremos mostrar en esta presentación algunas de las preguntas que debimos hacer a los materiales —sonoros, fílmicos, periodísticos, documentales— así como algunas de las respuestas a las que arribamos, producto de una intersección disciplinar que se verifica, a la vez, en nuestras biografías intelectuales y en nuestras prácticas profesionales.
PERUBAHAN PERSEPSI JAKSA TERHADAP PRIBADI TERSANGKA DAN TERDAKWA YANG SEDANG DIPERIKSA DARI SISI PSIKOLOGIS
Authors: Ridwan Mukhlis , Effendi Erdianto , Maya Maria , Rahmadan Davit
Published: June 2023

Kejaksaan merupakan lembaga yang mempunyai kewenangan di bidang penuntutan. Dalam menangani suatu perkara, seiring dengan interaksi dengan para tersangka atau keluarganya, sudah tentu akan terjadi perubahan persepsi seorang jaksa dari pertama hingga saat berikutnya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis sosiologis, dengan cara wawancara mendalam dan penyebaran kuisioner dan dianalisis secara kualitatif. Perubahan persepsi jaksa setelah berinteraksi dengan tersangka/terdakwa dipengaruhi kondisi psikologis yang ditunjukkan sikap terdakwa, dari awal sejak menerima berkas dari penyidik masih mempunyai persepsi tersangka bersalah, oleh sebab itu mekanisme pengajuan rencana tuntutan Jaksa Penuntut Umum dilakukan revisi, selama ini cenderung tidak sesuai dengan asas peradilan cepat, dan tidak ada dasar hukum yang kuat, dan sejatinya Jaksa Penuntut Umum yang lebih memahami kondisi objektif terdakwa.
E-VOTING PEMILIHAN KEPALA DESA SEBAGAI UPAYA MEMBANGUN KEPERCAYAAN MASYARAKAT
Authors: Wisnaeni Fifiana , Kushandajani Kushandajani , Pinilih Sekar Anggun Gading , Najib Ahmad Ainun
Published: June 2023

Pelaksanaan pilkades di beberapa daerah di Indonesia telah mengadopsi e-voting. Secara umum, dasar hukum penyelenggaraan e-voting ialah Pasal 85 ayat (1) UU Pemilukada dan Putusan MK No. 147/PUU-VII/2009. Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kepercayaan masyarakat terhadap pelaksanaan e-voting dalam pilkades di Kabupaten Boyolali. Penelitian dilakukan di tiga desa di Kabupaten Boyolali dengan menggunakan pendekatan Socio Legal Research berpadu dengan pendekatan penelitian survei-kuantitatif. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian campuran, berupa penelitian jenis kualitatif dan juga kuantitatif, di mana data diambil melalui instrumen penelitian berupa kuesioner. Penentuan sampel dilakukan dengan cara purposive sampling dan snow ball. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kepercayaan masyarakat terhadap penerapan e-voting di Kabupaten Boyolali tergolong tinggi, di mana masyarakat merasa puas terhadap proses pelaksanaan pesta demokrasi di tingkat desa dengan menggunakan e-voting.