bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Hip Fracture on Prognosis of Acute Cerebral Infarction
Authors: Yuan Jiawen , Zhu Gang , Zhao Yuwu , Huang Jiankang
Published: July 2021

Background and Objective: The guidelines on the factors to determine whether a patient with concomitant stroke and hip fracture is a good candidate for surgical hip repair are still debatable. This study was carried out to investigate the relationship between the management of acute hip fracture and the recovery of neurological function and prognosis in patients with concomitant acute cerebral infarction.

 Methods: Thirty patients with acute cerebral infarction combined with acute hip fracture, who were hospitalized and did not accept surgical treatment, and matched 60 cases as control group having acute cerebral infarction without hip fracture admitted in the same period were selected. The neurological function recovery, hospitalization period, 6 months recovery rate, frequency of complications, and 1 year mortality rate between the groups were compared.

Results: Compared with common acute cerebral infarction patients, the NIH Stroke Scale/Score of acute cerebral infarction group with hip fracture was higher (7.2 ± 5.4 vs. 5.6 ± 4.3, p = 0.034). The hospitalization period was prolonged (16.1 ± 8.9 vs. 12.2 ± 5.3, p = 0.041), and 6 months recovery rate was lower (26.7% vs. 53.3%, p = 0.016), the frequency of pulmonary infection and lower extremity deep vein thrombosis was higher (30% vs. 11.7%, p = 0.03; 6.7% vs. 0, p = 0.043). The 1-year mortality rate in patients with combined hip fracture was higher than in patients with cerebral infarction only.

Conclusion: Acute cerebral infarction combined with hip fracture lead to worse neurological recovery, prolonged hospitalization period, increased complications, decreased patient prognosis, and increased 1 year mortality. Surgical treatment of hip fracture with concomitant acute cerebral infarction may improve the prognosis of patients. According to the statistics of neurological function and mortality after 1 year of follow-up, the prognosis of patients with Modified Rankin Scale below 3 was considered good.
Outcome of Prolene Sutures and Skin Staples for Mesh Fixation in Inguinal Hernioplasty - A Comparative Study
Authors: Iqbal Muhamamd Nasir , Mahboob Akhtar , Farooq Umar , Mukhtar Sajid , Hussain Waqas , Ahmad Arooj
Published: July 2021

Background and Objective: Inguinal hernia is one of the most common type of hernia affecting both genders. New surgical interventions to repair hernia are being developed for the better outcome of patients by reducing the operative time and postoperative complications. The objective of this study was to compare the prolene sutures and skin staples for mesh fixation in inguinal hernioplasty with mean operative time and post-operative pain as outcome determinants.

Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted in the Department of General Surgery, DHQ Teaching Hospital, Sahiwal Medical College, Pakistan from January 1st, 2019 to December 31st, 2019. A total of 180 patients admitted for hernioplasty were recruited after institutional ethical approval. The study participants were randomized into group A and B. Mesh fixation was done by using prolene suture in group A, while skin staples were used in group B. The duration of procedure and post-operative pain after 1 week was noted using visual analogue scoring system. The comparison between groups was done through independent sample t-test. p-value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Results: Mean age of the patients in group A and B was 39.21 ± 11 years and 40.16 ± 5.72 years respectively. The mean operative time was 52.15 ± 9.78 minutes in group A and 36.92 ± 3.95 minutes in group B (p = 0.000). Post-operative pain after 1 week was reported in 26.7% cases in group A while it was seen in only 10% cases in group B (p = 0.004).

Conclusion: The outcome determinants of mean operative time and postoperative pain after inguinal hernioplasty were better achieved in cases treated by skin staples as compared to prolene sutures.
Effects of Ribavirin on Thickness of Testicular Capsule in Albino Rats
Authors: Batool Alvia , Fatima Maryam , Farzana Fozia
Published: July 2021

Background and Objective: Ribavirin (RBV), due to its mutagenic property, exerts cytotoxic effects on the testicular seminiferous tubules and its interstitium in various experimental animals. However, no study was done on the morphology of testicular capsule. Therefore, the present experimental study is designed to observe the transient effects of RBV in different doses on the testicular capsule thickness in albino rats.
Methods: A total of 72 sexually mature adult male albino rats were divided into four groups: A (control) and, B, C, D where RBV was administered intraperitoneally for 5 days in different doses (20, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight, respectively). Group received distilled water intraperitoneally. Each group was further divided into three subgroups according to three sacrificial time points that were 20th, 40th, and 60th day from the last exposure to drug. Randomly selected rats from each group were sacrificed on every time point. Histological slides were prepared and changes were observed microscopically.
Results: On 20th sacrificial day, the increase in the thickness of capsules was seen in all groups with subcapsular edema in comparison to control group (p < 0.001). After discontinuation of drug, histological evidence of recovery in the form of decrease in the thickness of capsule with decrease in subcapsular edema were observed in low dose groups on 40th and 60th sacrificial days as compared to high dose groups which showed late recovery on both time points (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: The testicular capsular thickening induced by RBV is reversible after cessation of treatment.

 
Preoperative Trans-catheter Arterial Chemoembolization and Laparoscopic Associating Liver Partition and Portal Vein Ligation for Staged Hepatectomy in Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma – A Case Report
Authors: Hu Yilin , Shen Yanbing , Wang Dan , Cao Tingjia
Published: July 2021

Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is considered as a major method to treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Associated liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) has been used to treat patients with advanced HCC. This case report documents the safety, efficacy, and feasibility of TACE and laparoscopic ALPPS to treat the unresectable HCC of the right liver with right intra-hepatic metastasis in a male patient. Percutaneous and trans-femoral artery TACE was performed preoperatively, and the ALPPS stage-I at the 4th week and stage-II after 14 days was carried out. Postoperative outcome was assessed after 180 days of follow-up. It is concluded that preoperative TACE and laparoscopic ALPPS offer a fine treatment alternative to the patients with insufficient residual liver volume and relatively-advanced and extensive HCC.
Bazı Mecaz ve Müteşâbih Ayetleri Doğru Anlama Meto-dolojisi
Authors: AYDIN Hayati
Published: July 2021

Bilindiği gibi bazı ayetleri yorumlamada birtakım zorluklar yaşanmaktadır. Bunların başında da mecaz içerikli ve müteşâbih ayetler gelmektedir. Kur’ân’ın yoğun bir şekilde mecazı kullandığı ve onda gayba taalluk eden ayetlerin (müteşâbih) büyük bir yekün teşkil ettiği göz önüne alındığında konunun önemi ortaya çıkmaktadır. Büyük oranda bu ayetlerde Kur’ân kendi bütünlüğü içerisinde ele alınmadığı ve anlatım üslubu iyice bilinmediğinden anlama problemi aşılamamaktadır. Hâlbuki Kur’ân aşkın olandan içkin olana, beşeri teamülleri ve yapıyı esas alarak inmiş bir kelamdır. Dolayısıyla Kur’ân ayetlerini din bütünlüğü içerisinde, beşerin teamülleri ve doğasını bilmekle ve Kur’ân’ın bu doğayla uyumunu kurmakla anlamak mümkündür. Kur’ân’da mecazın temsilî anlatımı çok yoğun kullanılmaktadır. Müteşâbihlerin bir kısmı özellikle ilahî sıfatlarda temsilî anlatım hâkim olduğu, bu konuda insan biçimci bir anlatımın tercih edildiği söylenebilir. Bu, “ḳıyasü’l-ġâib ʿale’ş’şâhid” yani “bilinmeyen bir dünyayı bilinen dünyanın olgularına benzeterek anlatmak” olarak tanımlanır. Kur’ân’ın bu yolla gaybî hakikatleri ve psikolojik durumları bize kavratmakta olduğunu, bu anlatımla insan ufkunu aşan gaybî ve psikolojik durumları anlaşılır kıldığını, dinî hakikatleri zihne yaklaştırdığını söylemek mümkündür. Makalemiz mecaz konusunda, mecazı, mecazın hakikatle ilişkisini ve sadece mecazın kastedildiği bazı ayetleri ve özellikle temsilî anlatımı ve bundan da kâmin (gizli) temsili irdelemiş, müteşâbih konusunda ise müteşâbihi, müteşâbihleri muhkemlere irca etme, Kur’ân’ın üslup ve âdetini göz önüne alarak müteşâbihi bir metodoloji dahilinde anlamaya çalışma yoluna gitmiştir.
Complete response of a hepatocellular carcinoma with complex macrovascular invasion after combined treatment with chemoembolization and immunotherapy: a case report
Authors: Bucalau A.-M. , Tancredi I , Pezzullo M , Covas A , Verset G
Published: July 2021

Hepatocellular carcinoma accounts for 90% of primary liver cancers and represents a growing health problem worldwide. We report the complex case of a 71 year-old patient diagnosed with a large hepatocellular carcinoma and presenting an extensive vascular invasion of the middle hepatic vein and the inferior caval vein ascending to the right atrium with no extrahepatic spread. Due to several comorbidities, a systemic treatment by tyrosine kinase inhibitors was contraindicated. After discussion at the multidisciplinary hepatology tumor board, he was referred for selective internal radiation therapy. Unfortunately, the work-up showed an important lung shunt not allowing radioembolization. No clear recommendations are available in this situation. The decision was made to propose a combination treatment by transarterial chemoembolization, that was performed using a new generation of radio-opaque microspheres loaded with doxorubicin, followed by immunotherapy. This allowed a complete response with a very good quality of life.
An unexpected cause of persistent bacteraemia and portomesenteric venous gas
Authors: Loobuyck A , Vermeersch G , D’Hondt M , Billiet T
Published: July 2021

We report the case of a 59-year old man with portomesenteric venous gas (PMVG) due to inferior mesenteric vein fistulization caused by sigmoid diverticulitis with an unusual evolution. The patient initially presented with classic symptoms of lower abdominal pain and fever. Diagnosis of uncomplicated sigmoid diverticulitis was confirmed on computed tomography (CT) for which intravenous antibiotics were initiated. Hemocultures were positive for omnisensitive Escherichia Coli, but despite adequate intravenous antibiotic therapy, episodes of bacteraemia persisted and hemocultures remained positive. Repeat CT scan demonstrated regression of inflammation without signs of abcedation or perforation consistent with clinical findings. Endocarditis was excluded with a normal transoesophageal echocardiography. Finally, positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) suspected a colovenous fistula and the presence of PMVG. The patient was successfully treated with laparoscopic sigmoidectomy. This case report summarises the diagnostic pathway and aims for higher awareness of non-ischemic PMVG causes.
DESENVOLVIMENTO LOCAL SUSTENTÁVEL: UM DIAGNÓSTICO DAS ESTRATÉGIAS DE GERAÇÃO DE ELETRICIDADE NA ALEMANHA
Authors: Quadros Borges Fabricio , de Lucena Rodrigues Josevana , Alencar da Costa Bruno
Published: July 2021

O propósito deste estudo é o de examinar as estratégias projetadas de geração de energia elétrica na Alemanha. A postura estratégica da matriz elétrica alemã na promoção do desenvolvimento sustentável local, onde a segurança energética e as questões ambientais são determinantes em termos de competitividade, representa uma valiosa oportunidade de questionar quais transformações, efetivamente, uma matriz elétrica deve ser objeto, para que sejam criadas condições operacionais de aperfeiçoamento do desenvolvimento sustentável junto a uma determinada população. A metodologia é classificada como exploratória e descritiva, e está apoiada em um levantamento bibliográfico e em documentos pertinentes às medidas adotadas pelo governo alemão, diante das demandas energéticas sustentáveis. O estudo concluiu que a Alemanha desenvolveu um sério esforço de transformação de sua matriz elétrica, de modo a ampliar notadamente a participação da fonte eólica na geração de eletricidade. Esta decisão apoiou-se nas particularidades e potencialidades deste tipo de fonte naquele local, assim como, na notável potencialidade de geração de empregos e renda, a partir da cadeia produtiva eólica local.
Better representation of dust can improve climate models with too weak an African monsoon
Authors: Balkanski Yves , Bonnet Rémy , Boucher Olivier , Checa-Garcia Ramiro , Servonnat Jérôme
Published: July 2021

Abstract. The amount of short wave radiation absorbed by dust has remained
uncertain. We have developed a more accurate representation of dust
absorption that is based on the observed dust mineralogical composition and
accounts for very large particles. We analyze the results from two
fully coupled climate simulations of 100 years in terms of their simulated
precipitation patterns against observations. A striking benefit of the new
dust optical and physical properties is that tropical precipitation over the Sahel, tropical North Atlantic and West Indian Ocean are significantly
improved compared to observations, without degrading precipitations
elsewhere. This alleviates a common persistent bias in Earth system models
that exhibit a summer African monsoon that does not reach far enough north.
We show that the improvements documented here for the IPSL-CM61 climate model result from both a thermodynamical and dynamical response to dust
absorption, which is unrelated to natural variability. Aerosol absorption
induces more water vapor advection from the ocean to the Sahel region,
thereby providing an added supply of moisture available for precipitation.
This work, thus, provides a path towards improving precipitation patterns in these regions by accounting for both physical and optical properties of the aerosol more realistically.
Increase of nitrooxy organosulfates in firework-related urban aerosols during Chinese New Year's Eve
Authors: Xie Qiaorong , Su Sihui , Chen Jing , Dai Yuqing , Yue Siyao , Su Hang , Tong Haijie , Zhao Wanyu , Ren Lujie , Xu Yisheng , Cao Dong , Li Ying , Sun Yele , Wang Zifa , Liu Cong-Qiang , Kawamura Kimitaka , Jiang Guibin , Cheng Yafang , Fu Pingqing
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Little is known about the formation processes of
nitrooxy organosulfates (OSs) by nighttime chemistry. Here we
characterize nitrooxy OSs at a molecular level in firework-related aerosols
in urban Beijing during Chinese New Year. High-molecular-weight nitrooxy OSs
with relatively low H / C and O / C ratios and high unsaturation are potentially
aromatic-like nitrooxy OSs. They considerably increased during New
Year's Eve, affected by the firework emissions. We find that large
quantities of carboxylic-rich alicyclic molecules possibly formed by
nighttime reactions. The sufficient abundance of aliphatic-like and
aromatic-like nitrooxy OSs in firework-related aerosols demonstrates that
anthropogenic volatile organic compounds are important precursors of
urban secondary organic aerosols (SOAs). In addition, more than 98 % of those
nitrooxy OSs are extremely low-volatility organic compounds that can easily
partition into and consist in the particle phase and affect the volatility,
hygroscopicity, and even toxicity of urban aerosols. Our study provides new
insights into the formation of nitrooxy organosulfates from anthropogenic
emissions through nighttime chemistry in the urban atmosphere.
Evaluation of the coupled high-resolution atmospheric chemistry model system MECO(n) using in situ and MAX-DOAS NO2 measurements
Authors: Kumar Vinod , Remmers Julia , Beirle Steffen , Fallmann Joachim , Kerkweg Astrid , Lelieveld Jos , Mertens Mariano , Pozzer Andrea , Steil Benedikt , Barra Marc , Tost Holger , Wagner Thomas
Published: July 2021

Abstract. We present high spatial resolution (up to 2.2×2.2 km2) simulations focussed over south-west Germany using the online coupled regional atmospheric chemistry model system MECO(n) (MESSy-fied ECHAM and COSMO models nested n times). Numerical simulation of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) surface volume mixing ratios (VMRs) are compared to in situ measurements from a network with 193 locations including background, traffic-adjacent and industrial stations to investigate the model's performance in simulating the spatial and temporal variability of short-lived chemical species. We show that the use of a high-resolution and up-to-date emission inventory is crucial for reproducing the spatial variability and resulted in good agreement with the measured VMRs at the background and industrial locations with an overall bias of less than 10 %. We introduce a computationally efficient approach that simulates diurnal and daily variability in monthly-resolved anthropogenic emissions to resolve the temporal variability of NO2. MAX-DOAS (Multiple AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy) measurements performed at Mainz (49.99∘ N, 8.23∘ E) were used to evaluate the simulated tropospheric vertical column densities (VCDs) of NO2. We propose a consistent and robust approach to evaluate the vertical distribution of NO2 in the boundary layer by comparing the individual differential slant column densities (dSCDs) at various elevation angles. This approach considers details of the spatial heterogeneity and sensitivity volume of the MAX-DOAS measurements while comparing the measured and simulated dSCDs. The effects of clouds on the agreement between MAX-DOAS measurements and simulations have also been investigated. For low elevation angles (≤8∘), small biases in the range of −14 % to +7 % and Pearson correlation coefficients in the range of 0.5 to 0.8 were achieved for different azimuth directions in the cloud-free cases, indicating good model performance in the layers close to the surface. Accounting for diurnal and daily variability in the monthly-resolved anthropogenic emissions was found to be crucial for the accurate representation of time series of measured NO2 VMR and dSCDs and is particularly critical when vertical mixing is suppressed, and the atmospheric lifetime of NO2 is relatively long.
Evaluation of wind speed estimates in reanalyses for wind energy applications
Authors: Brune Sebastian , Keller Jan D. , Wahl Sabrina
Published: July 2021

Abstract. A correct spatio-temporal representation of retrospective wind speed estimates is of large interest for the wind energy sector. In this respect, reanalyses provide an invaluable source of information. However, the quality of the various reanalysis estimates for wind speed are difficult to assess. Therefore, this study compares wind measurements at hub heights from 14 locations in Central Europe with two global (ERA5, MERRA-2) and one regional reanalysis (COSMO-REA6). Employing metrics such as bias, RMSE and correlation, we evaluate the performance of the reanalyses with respect to (a) the local surface characteristics (offshore, flat onshore, hilly onshore), (b) various height levels (60 to 200 m) and (c) the diurnal cycle. As expected, we find that the reanalyses show the smallest errors to observations at offshore sites. Over land, MERRA-2 generally overestimates wind speeds, while COSMO-REA6 and ERA5 represent the average wind speed more realistically. At sites with flat terrain, ERA5 correlates better with observations than COSMO-REA6. In contrast, COSMO-REA6 performs slightly better over hilly terrain, which can be explained by the higher horizontal resolution. In terms of diurnal variation, ERA5 outperforms both other reanalyses. While the overestimation of MERRA-2 is consistent throughout the day, COSMO-REA6 significantly underestimates wind speed at night over flat and hilly terrain due to a misrepresentation of nightly low level jets and mountain and valley breezes. Regarding the representation of downtime of wind turbines due to low/high wind speeds, we find that MERRA-2 is consistently underperforming with respect to the other reanalyses. Here COSMO-REA6 performs better over the ocean, while ERA5 shows the best results over land.
Benchmarking global hydrological and land surface models against GRACE in a medium-size tropical basin
Authors: Bolaños Chavarría Silvana , Werner Micha , Salazar Juan Fernando
Published: July 2021

Abstract. The increasing reliance on global models to address climate and human stresses on hydrology and water resources underlines the necessity for assessing the reliability of these models. In river basins where availability of gauging information from terrestrial networks is poor, models are increasingly proving to be a powerful tool to support hydrological studies and water resources assessments. However, the lack of in-situ data hampers rigorous performance assessment, particularly in tropical basins where discordance between global models is considerable. Remotely sensed data of the terrestrial water storage obtained from the GRACE satellite mission can, however, provide independent data against which the performance of such global models can be evaluated. Here we assess the reliability of six global hydrological models (GHM) and four land surface models (LSM) available at two resolutions. We compare Total Water Storage (TWS)'s modelled dynamics with TWS derived from GRACE data over the Magdalena-Cauca basin in Colombia, a medium-sized tropical basin with a comparatively well-developed gauging network. We benchmark monthly TWS changes from each model against GRACE data for 2002–2014, evaluating monthly variability, seasonality, and long-term trends. TWS changes are evaluated at basin level, as well as for selected sub-basins with decreasing basin size. We find that the models poorly represent TWS for the monthly series, but they improve in representing seasonality and long-term trends. The high-resolution GHM W3RA model forced by the Multi-Source Weighted Ensemble Precipitation (MSWEP) is most consistent at providing the best performance at almost all basin scales, with higher-resolution models generally outperforming lower-resolution counterparts. This is, however, not the case for all models. Results highlight the importance of basin scale in the representation of TWS by the models, as with decreasing basin area, we note a commensurate decrease in the model performance. A marked reduction in performance is found for basins smaller than 60,000 km2. Although uncertainties in the GRACE measurement increase for smaller catchments, the models are clearly challenged in representing the complex hydrological processes of this tropical basin, as well as human influences. We conclude that GRACE provides a valuable dataset to benchmark global simulations of TWS change, in particular for those models with explicit representation of the internal dynamics of hydrological stocks, offering useful information for the continued improvement of large-scale hydrological and land-surface models of the global terrestrial water cycle, including in tropical basins.
Barriers to mainstream adoption of catchment wide Natural Flood Management, a transdisciplinary problem framing study of delivery practice
Authors: Wingfield Thea A. J. , Macdonald Neil , Peters Kimberley , Spees Jack
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Natural Flood Management (NFM) is the name given to Nature Based Solutions (NBS) for Flood Management in the UK. It is a holistic flood management technique that employs natural hydrological processes, through the instillation of interventions, to slow the flow of water, creating a landscape scale flood management system. Despite widespread interest and supporting policy from governments and non-profit organisations NFM, as yet, has not been widely adopted as a mainstream flood management technique. A small number of academic studies examining perceived barriers to NFM adoption have identified a variety of individual factors as being responsible. It is commonly accepted that flood risk management broadly, and NFM specifically, are complex, challenges of interacting physical and human parameters and that academic, institutional and policy divisions are rarely sympathetic to embracing these complexities. A transdisciplinary problem framing study in conjunction with professionals experienced in the delivery of NFM projects in the UK aimed to capture these multifaceted parameters of flood management and strategic delivery at a landscape scale using Group Concept Mapping, a systems approach to identify conceptual convergence. This policy-delivery impasse was further explored by quantifying the relative importance of individual barriers and conceptual groupings from the perspective of two different practitioner groups (flood risk managers and conservation practitioners). The results demonstrate that the NFM delivery system can be grouped into seven interacting elements: policy and regulation, politics, public perception, cross-cutting issues, funding, technical knowledge and evidence, of which each have a varying number of barriers that limit NFM uptake. Opinions differs as to the importance of these individual barriers, however when considering the system broadly we identify that the institutional and social barriers are perceived as the most important, whilst technical knowledge and evidence are the areas of least concern. This paper aims to promote NBS flood management delivery in the UK and globally by generating, structuring and representing the multifaceted and multilevel NFM delivery system at a local level to evidence adaptive decision making at a regional, national and global level. Through problem structuring and an increased understanding and awareness of the structure and network of linking elements and perceived differences of practitioner groups that influence the system of delivery, steps can be taken towards solutions that are socially, scientifically and practically robust.
Deep uncertainties in shoreline change projections: an extra-probabilistic approach applied to sandy beaches
Authors: Thiéblemont Rémi , Le Cozannet Gonéri , Rohmer Jérémy , Toimil Alexandra , Álvarez-Cuesta Moisés , Losada Iñigo J.
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Global mean sea level rise and its acceleration are projected to aggravate coastal erosion over the 21st century, which constitutes a major challenge for coastal adaptation. Projections of shoreline retreat are highly uncertain, however, namely due to deeply uncertain mean sea level projections and the absence of consensus on a coastal impact model. An improved understanding and a better quantification of these sources of deep uncertainty are hence required to improve coastal risk management and inform adaptation decisions. In this work we present and apply a new extra-probabilistic framework to develop shoreline change projections of sandy coasts that allows consideration of intrinsic (or aleatory) and knowledge-based (or epistemic) uncertainties exhaustively and transparently. This framework builds upon an empirical shoreline change model to which we ascribe possibility functions to represent deeply uncertain variables. The model is applied to two local sites in Aquitaine (France) and Castellón (Spain). First, we validate the framework against historical shoreline observations and then develop shoreline change projections that account for possible (although unlikely) low-end and high-end mean sea level scenarios. Our high-end projections show for instance that shoreline retreats of up to 200 m in Aquitaine and 130 m in Castellón are plausible by 2100, while low-end projections revealed that 58 and 37 m modest shoreline retreats, respectively, are also plausible. Such extended intervals of possible future shoreline changes reflect an ambiguity in the probabilistic description of shoreline change projections, which could be substantially reduced by better constraining sea level rise (SLR) projections and improving coastal impact models. We found for instance that if mean sea level by 2100 does not exceed 1 m, the ambiguity can be reduced by more than 50 %. This could be achieved through an ambitious climate mitigation policy and improved knowledge on ice sheets.
A humanização que qualifica
Authors: CAMARGO José de Jesus Peixoto
Published: July 2021

Nenhuma atividade profissional é tão exigente, quanto a de cuidar do outro. E se o público a que se destina este trabalho for constituído por pessoas fragilizadas por uma doença, maiores serão as exigências. Sensibilidade, afeto, generosidade e empatia, são ingredientes indispensáveis a quem se proponha a esta nobre tarefa. Como nenhuma dessas virtudes pode ser transferida por métodos pedagógicos, a seleção dos candidatos a exercê-las, não pode se limitar à revisão de currículos impessoais e herméticos. Como nunca, nos tempos atuais, se valoriza a inteligência emocional, que funciona como uma divisória implacável no caráter das pessoas, abonando os portadores com a sensibilidade para amenizar o sofrimento alheio, resolver atritos pessoais e harmonizar o ambiente de trabalho.
Um olhar sobre o amanhã da saúde brasileira
Authors: VILAR Josier Marques
Published: July 2021

O artigo trata dos desafios, dilemas e paradoxos da saúde brasileira, enfatizando a necessidade de utilização das modernas ferramentas tecnológicas, da inovação na gestão e da inteligência artificial com seus algoritmos para superar a barreira do acesso ao cuidado e a universalidade do direito a serviços de saúde por todos os brasileiros, conforme determina a Constituição Federal. O texto dá ênfase à qualificação e importância da formação e capacitação de bons profissionais de saúde como fundamento básico para a estruturação de serviços médicos que contribuam para a qualidade de vida da população.
Inteligência Artificial e a transformação digital em Medicina
Authors: BOTELHO Roberto Vieira
Published: July 2021

A possibilidade de codificação digital da informação tem transformado a vida das pessoas em velocidade exponencial. Três variáveis se destacam para essa transformação digital: a geração de grandes arquivos digitais, superiores às capacidades de processamento dos atuais computadores (Bigdata); a alta velocidade e disponibilidade universal da Internet; e o compartilhamento desses arquivos em nuvem, possibilitando o compartilhamento de super-máquinas. Máquinas com alta capacidade de processamento por segundo passam a executar funções, que, se realizadas por humanos, exigiriam inteligência. É a inteligência artificial. As atividades que exibem padrão repetitivo passam, progressivamente, a ser melhor executadas por computadores substituindo ou apoiando e melhorando as tarefas humanas. As grandes vias de telecomunicação ampliam a transformação através do exercício da medicina à distância: a telemedicina. O valor dos dados supera o valor dos serviços de saúde. Pacientes, profissionais e organizações de saúde são demandadas a adaptações rápidas e redefinições de seus papeis, destacando-se o foco no paciente, que assume seu protagonismo. Esse ambiente gera previsões otimistas com impactos significativos sobre indicadores relevantes de saúde. Mas também, são acompanhados por possibilidades preocupantes, especialmente as relacionadas à segurança e privacidade das pessoas ou mesmo de países, sob o conceito da ditadura digital.
“A Academia, o castelo e outro encontro na Serra” (Sobre a realização da II Edição do Simpósio Academia na Serra, em uma parceria das ANM, Fiocruz e FMP)
Authors: DANIEL-RIBEIRO Cláudio Tadeu
Published: July 2021

Sobre a realização da II Edição do Simpósio Academia na Serra, em uma parceria das ANM, Fiocruz e FMP. Quem já organizou mais de um evento médico-científico sabe que há dois momentos em que o responsável pelo encontro experimenta prazer e emoção difíceis de descrever. O primeiro só ocorre após as muitas semanas ou meses (às vezes anos) de trabalho preparatório da comissão organizadora e do comitê científico, do convite e elaboração das falas dos palestrantes à busca de recursos, preparação de toda a infraestrutura e realização de reuniões com da cúpula da direção das instituições envolvidas ao pessoal de apoio. A ocasião surge quando o responsável se vê, enfim, no local, dia e hora da abertura do evento e percebe que – mesmo que algo possa dar errado – o evento vai acontecer, independente de tudo que já fez ou possa vir a fazer. Além da enorme satisfação e orgulho, há a experiência de um sentimento de humildade decorrente do reconhecimento de que sua presença, a rigor, não é mais necessária. É o instante em que somos tomados pela percepção clara de que “os respiradores foram desligados”, a Reunião adquiriu “vida própria” e vai ocorrer. A equipe mobilizada durante a preparação do Conclave garantirá o seu acontecimento, mesmo que você a ele não deixe de dar assistência.
Informação e conhecimento no pós-industrialismo
Authors: MARTINS Yuri Chaves , DANIEL-RIBEIRO Cláudio Tadeu
Published: July 2021

O artigo expõe uma reflexão sobre a possibilidade de previsão dos rumos da ciência na tentativa de apontar ensinamentos indispensáveis para a preparação dos jovens para o futuro. Inicialmente, analisa-se a evolução da disponibilidade de informação e de desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias nos últimos 70 anos, para demonstrar que a produção de conhecimento pela e para a humanidade evoluiu exponencialmente e acelera, praticamente dobrando a cada ano, nas últimas décadas. Como decorrência, os profissionais tendem a se especializar cada vez mais para lidar com a realidade. Tal hiperespecialização, por sua vez, torna cada vez mais difícil determinar as possíveis interações entre os diversos campos da ciência. Também se discute o papel do acaso na evolução do conhecimento, propondo que, como um todo, a ciência evoluciona como um sistema caótico e que, por isso, possui dependência hipersensível de suas condições iniciais. Por conseguinte, previsões de longo prazo sobre os seus possíveis rumos não são possíveis. Conclui-se que devemos ensinar as futuras gerações a aprender, estimulando-os às inter e transdisciplinaridade e ao estudo, aprendizado e conhecimento do básico sobre a diversidade possível de áreas facultando o diálogo e a interação com outros especialistas do futuro
Geografia e escalas: o lugar das escalas cartográfica, espacial e geográfica
Authors: Oliveira Ivanilton José , De Araújo Romão Patrícia
Published: July 2021

Para demonstrar o lugar dos conceitos das escalas cartográfica, espacial e geográfica, e entender sua influência e os sentidos que lhes são atribuídos, apresentam-se contribuições oriundas de uma pesquisa bibliométrica. A metodologia consistiu em pesquisa bibliográfica exploratória de artigos e livros, em bases digitais disponíveis no Google Scholar e no Scopus-Elsevier, cuja seleção das obras privilegiou um inventário quali-quantitativo dos trabalhos publicados. Como resultado da análise, destaca-se um entendimento da escala a partir de dimensões filosóficas, políticas e sociais, além do aspecto espacial. Em relação ao uso dos conceitos nas publicações, a escala espacial é absolutamente majoritária. E quanto à reflexão realizada sobre os conceitos, sobressai a ideia de que, enquanto na Geografia há ainda certa indefinição quanto ao conceito de escala geográfica, em áreas como a Ecologia a adoção do termo “escala espacial” é pacífica, ao menos do ponto de vista metodológico. E, por fim, muitas das críticas à analogia cartográfica demonstram o equívoco de associar o mapa apenas às restrições impostas por sua escala de representação.
Palavras-chave: escala, escala espacial, escala geográfica, escala cartográfica.
A gentrificação não é um efeito colateral: complexificando o conceito para revelar objetivos escusos
Authors: Ferreira Alvaro
Published: July 2021

Inúmeros projetos de “revitalização” ou de “renovação urbana” têm sido implementados em inúmeras cidades do mundo. Os resultados têm gerado o que os pesquisadores denominaram de gentrificação. Entretanto, há um intenso debate acerca da utilização desse termo, alguns criticando o seu uso indiscriminado e outros acreditando ser necessário complexificar o conceito. Este artigo se propõe a rediscutir as definições e o uso da expressão gentrificação. Além disso, partimos da hipótese de que a gentrificação não é um efeito colateral ou uma catástrofe natural; a gentrificação é planejada.
Palavras-chave: Gentrificação. Metropolização. Revitalização. Espoliação. Turistificação
(Re)Imagining Multilingual Learners: Using Photo Stories to Honor Students’ Strengths, Interests, and Experiences
Authors: Allen Jennifer K.
Published: July 2021

The labeling of students has the potential to result in deficit thinking, which can cause classrooms to become sites of limitation instead of places of limitless opportunity for students. This article discusses the literacy strategy of creating photo stories and shares the steps involved in inviting students to create personal photo stories that honor students’ lived experiences. The author shares how these photo stories have the potential to promote critical and productive dialogue among educators and students to help them celebrate the diverse languages, cultures, interests, and life experiences that are present in their classrooms.
Keywordslabels, deficit thinking, multilingual learners, photo story
MANFAAT ASUHAN SWEDISH MASSAGE PADA LANSIA YANG MENGKONSUMSI OLAHAN TOGA DI SAAT PANDEMI COVID-19 TERHADAP STRES LANSIA
Authors: Naomi Parmila Hesti Savitri  , Wiwit Desi Intarti
Published: July 2021

Kecemasan yang terjadi pada lansia karena adanya peningkatan kasus di masa pandemic Covid-19 berdampak pada perubahan fisik, ketegangan dan tanda-tanda vital. Upaya mandiri yang dilakukan lansia adalah rutin mengkonsumsi olahan TOGA sebagai upaya peningkatan imunitas. Meskipun terdapat manfaat dari konsumsi olahan TOGA namun tidak signifikan mengatasi keluhan fisik dan kecemasan pada lansia sehingga diperlukan upaya agar lansia tetap rileks dan bugar melalui asuhan Swedish massage. Metode penelitian merupakan eksperimen lapangan dengan rancangan penelitian one group pretest posttest design. Analisis data menggunakan uji paired sample t-test pada CI 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari uji paired samples test Thitung systol =8,004 > Ttabel 2,093; Thitung diastol = 11,159 > Ttabel 2,093; Thitung nadi=6,676 > Ttabel 2,093; Thitung respirasi=6,257>Ttabel 2,093 nilai signifikansi 2-tailed (p < 0.05). Teknik Swedish massage merupakan teknik pemijatan yang akan merangsang saraf eferen untuk melepaskan histamine dan asetilkolin sehingga memberikan reflek vasodilatasi vena, arteriol dan mengurangi aktivitas saraf simpatis sehingga terjadi penurunan resistensi vaskuler perifer yang berdampak pada penurunan tekanan darah dan denyut nadi. Simpulan penelitian adalah terdapat manfaat Swedish massage pada lansia yang mengkonsumsi olahan TOGA saat pandemi covid-19 terhadap stress lansia.
The Valuation Effects of Cross-Listing Abroad for Irish Firms
Authors: O'Connor Thomas G.
Published: July 2021

The number of Irish firms cross-listed on international exchanges remains low, relative to other countries. However, as a proportion of those firms eligible to list, Irish firms are, relative to others, more likely to list abroad. Surprisingly, Doidge, Karolyi and Stulz (2004) show that in 1997 US exchange traded Irish firms are worth less than domestic Irish firms, a result at odds with what we might have expected and with the predictions of the legal bonding hypothesis. In this paper, I show that listing abroad, in both London (AIM listing only) and the US (both Level 1 and Level 2), does enhance the value of Irish firms. I find that cross-listing leads to an average ‘within firm’ change in the value of Level 2 firms in the region of 19.65 per cent (using market to-book of assets). As expected, the change in value experienced by Level 1 firms is smaller (14.93 per cent). Like Doidge, Karolyi and Stulz (2009), I do not find that an ordinary listing in London enhances value. Surprisingly, I find that Irish firms that trade on the Alternative Investment Market (AIM) in London experience the largest valuation gains from listing abroad of all cross listed Irish firms (27.35 per cent using market-to-book of assets). This is surprising since these firms are subjected to the least onerous governance and regulatory requirements of all cross listed Irish firms. Ultimately, due to data restrictions, I am unable to delve further into why the less regulated AIM firms enjoy a larger cross listing premium relative to Level 2 firms. However, I offer some possible explanations consistent with some findings in the international cross-listing literature.
Donors and Non-Profit Organisations’ Accounting Manipulations: An Overview of the Literature
Authors: Jegers Marc
Published: July 2021

There is almost no literature directly linking non-profit organisations’ earnings manipulations to expected donor behaviour. Therefore, the literature on non-profit organisations’ accounting manipulations is reviewed from the perspective of their expected effects on donations. It becomes clear that manipulations frequently aim at disclosing figures which are documented to be beneficial to the amount of funds raised. This provides enough ground to suggest strict accounting regulations for non-profit organisations, combined with audit engagements extended to the cost accounting information disclosed, despite some evidence that a majority of potential donors might not be interested at all in financial information.
Financial Policies and Practices of Companies Listed on the Irish Stock Exchange: Capital Structure, Dividends and Capital Budgeting
Authors: Kester George W. , Robbins Geraldine
Published: July 2021

This paper reports the results of a recent comprehensive survey of the chief financial officers of companies listed on the Irish Stock Exchange. The survey focused upon three major areas of financial policy and practice: capital structure, dividends and capital budgeting. In the area of capital budgeting, discounted cash flow methods are used by the listed companies in our sample to a much greater extent than reported for Irish companies in previous surveys. Responses in this survey on capital structure policy are generally consistent with the pecking order hypothesis, whilst Lintner’s lagged partial adjustment model continues to be generally consistent with the dividend policy and practices of listed Irish companies.
Ensemble of Classifiers and Term Weighting Schemes for Sentiment Analysis in Turkish
Authors:   İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi, Onan Aytuğ
Published: July 2021

With the advancement of information and communication technology, social networking and microblogging sites have become a vital source of information. Individuals can express their opinions, grievances, feelings, and attitudes about a variety of topics. Through microblogging platforms, they can express their opinions on current events and products. Sentiment analysis is a significant area of research in natural language processing because it aims to define the orientation of the sentiment contained in source materials. Twitter is one of the most popular microblogging sites on the internet, with millions of users daily publishing over one hundred million text messages (referred to as tweets). Choosing an appropriate term representation scheme for short text messages is critical. Term weighting schemes are critical representation schemes for text documents in the vector space model. We present a comprehensive analysis of Turkish sentiment analysis using nine supervised and unsupervised term weighting schemes in this paper. The predictive efficiency of term weighting schemes is investigated using four supervised learning algorithms (Naive Bayes, support vector machines, the k-nearest neighbor algorithm, and logistic regression) and three ensemble learning methods (AdaBoost, Bagging, and Random Subspace). The empirical evidence suggests that supervised term weighting models can outperform unsupervised term weighting models.
Perceived Distributive Justice of Service Recovery and Post-recovery Satisfaction: A Study of Domestic Airline Customers in South West Nigeria
Authors: P.O. Ogunode , A.D. Nkamnebe
Published: July 2021

This study examined perceived distributive justice of service recovery and post-recovery satisfaction: a study of domestic airline customers in south west Nigeria. The study adopted the perceived justice theory to service recovery with the three dimensions of justice underpinning the study’s conceptual framework/research model. Quantitative research design was employed. The unit of analysis comprised of domestic airline customers in south west geopolitical zone of Nigeria. Quota and purposive sampling were the sampling techniques and a sample of 1,998 respondents was statistically drawn using Cochran. Questionnaire was the research instrument; exploratory factor analysis through principal component extraction method was used to statistically measure construct validity while Cronbach Alpha was used to establish the reliability of the instrument. Hypothesized relationships in the path diagram resulting from the research model were tested using Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with the aid of IBM®SPSS®AMOSTM25. The finding of this study showed that distributive justice had significant and positive influence on post-recovery satisfaction. It was recommended that airline companies operating in the zone should organize regular training programmes for their staff on how to work with emerging aviation technologies so as to minimize errors and reduce costs that are associated with compensation.
Implementación de sistemas agroforestales en la comunidad indígena Manuel Quilapi, comuna de Los Sauces, Región de la Araucanía
Authors: Lucero Ignamarca Alejandro Agustín
Published: July 2021

El proceso para el establecimiento de Sistemas Agroforestales (SAF) en la pequeña y mediana propiedad, implica completar una serie de etapas que tienen el objetivo de lograr que estos sistemas sean adoptados por el usuario final y cumplan con sus objetivos sociales, ambientales y productivos. Este proceso debe considerar la gran heterogeneidad de tipos de propietarios que existen en el sector silvoagropecuario, entre los que lógicamente se encuentran las comunidades indígenas. Dentro de este proceso se cuentan diversas etapas de trabajo, las cuales se han ido estructurando en base a la experiencia que se ha alcanzado en los últimos años en que el Instituto Forestal (INFOR) ha fomentado estos sistemas agroforestales, en conjunto con otras Instituciones del ámbito público y del privado. El presente trabajo describe este proceso en un caso práctico en la Comunidad Indígena Manuel Quilapi, en la comuna de Los Sauces, para el cual se integraron objetivos productivos, intereses y aportes de instituciones y profesionales, y los intereses socio productivos de la comunidad, llegándose a un consenso que finalmente permitió que la comunidad pudiera establecer durante el año 2011 los SAF en el predio El Pastal de Curaco
Lingue (Persea lingue (R. et Pav.) Nees ex Kopp) en la región del BioBío
Authors: Pinilla Suárez Juan Carlos , Luengo Vergara Karina , Navarrete T. Mauricio
Published: July 2021

Los principales objetivos de la línea de investigación del Instituto Forestal enfocada a lingue, bajo el área de Recuperación y Manejo de Bosques Nativos, apuntan tanto a la conservación de la especie como a su recuperación para nuevos bosques comerciales. Sin embargo, la casi desaparición de sus bosques valiosos para la producción de madera ha llevado a una falta de interés por la especie y a una insuficiente información acerca de su silvicultura y crecimiento. Como primeros pasos para la recuperación de esta especie se efectuó una prospección de rodales remanentes y una revisión de la información disponible sobre su silvicultura y propiedades de su madera. Estas acciones se efectuaron en la región del Biobío, donde cuatro rodales fueron seleccionados y caracterizados respecto de las principales variables de rodal; DAP (cm), altura (m), composición de especies y densidad (árb/ha). Se planea ampliar la información reunida efectuando nuevas prospecciones en las regiones de La Araucanía, Los Ríos y Los Lagos, de modo de conformar una base completa de información que constituya un debido respaldo para la investigación del lingue en los próximos años