bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation, structural characterization, and gas separation properties of functionalized zinc oxide particle filled poly(ether-amide) nanocomposite films
Authors: Shojai Nasab Sajad , Zahmatkesh Saeed
Published: March 2016

In this study, a new diacid monomer containing amide, imide, and sulfone functional groups was successfully used to synthesize a new poly(ether-amide) for membrane-based gas separation applications. The synthesized poly(ether-amide) was soluble in organic solvents, has high thermal stability (up to 460℃ under nitrogen atmosphere, for 10% weight loss), and high glass transition temperature (Tg = 274℃). This poly(ether-amide) was combined with different amounts of surface-modified zinc oxide nanoparticles to provide organic–inorganic nanocomposites. The optically transparent and flexible membranes of these hybrid nanocomposites were prepared. The obtained materials were characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray powder diffraction, field emission-scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy techniques. Transmission electron microscopy of the nanocomposite film with 15 wt% zinc oxide confirms that the nanoparticles are well dispersed in the polymer matrix. Thermal gravimetric analysis data indicated that the hybrid materials had better thermal behavior with increasing surface-modified zinc oxide nanoparticles nanoparticle content. The poly(ether-amide)/surface-modified zinc oxide nanoparticles nanocomposite film mechanical properties improved with increasing surface-modified zinc oxide nanoparticles content. The permeability and selectivity of the poly(ether-amide)/zinc oxide membranes as a function of the surface-modified zinc oxide nanoparticles weight percentage were studied, and the results indicated that the CO2 and CH4 permeability increased with increasing zinc oxide content. In general, the membranes prepared from these polymers showed very good permeability and permselectivity for a pair of gases.
How I treat MDS and AML in Fanconi anemia
Authors: Peffault de Latour Régis , Soulier Jean
Published: March 2016

Fanconi anemia (FA) is the most frequent inherited cause of bone marrow failure (BMF). Most FA patients experience hematopoietic stem cell attrition and cytopenia during childhood, which along with intrinsic chromosomal instability, favor clonal evolution and the frequent emergence in their teens or young adulthood of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). To early identify and further predict bone marrow (BM) clonal progression and enable timely treatment, the follow-up of FA patients includes regular BM morphological and cytogenetic examinations. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) remains the only curative treatment of FA patients with MDS or AML. Although questions remain concerning HSCT itself (including the need for pretransplant chemotherapy, the best conditioning regimen, and the optimal long-term follow-up of such patients especially regarding secondary malignancies), clonal evolution in the absence of significant BM dysplasia and blast cells can be difficult to address in FA patients, for whom the concept of preemptive HSCT is discussed. Illustrated by 3 representative clinical vignettes showing specific features of MDS and AML in FA patients, this paper summarizes our practical approach from diagnosis through treatment in this particular situation.
Further advances in lead carboxylate coatings: coating unprimed heritage lead
Authors: Grayburn Rosie A. , Dowsett Mark G. , Adriaens Annemie
Published: March 2016

Further to the previously published work in this journal “Towards a new coating for heritage lead”, a coating has been trialled with samples replicating aged lead artefacts. Lead was corroded in an oak environment to simulate storage or display in a wooden case then coated with ethanolic solutions of tetradecanoic and octadecanoic acid. X-ray diffraction and electrochemical impedance data suggests an better-quality coating is formed leading to improved corrosion resistance.
Randomized Phase III Study Comparing Gefitinib With Erlotinib in Patients With Previously Treated Advanced Lung Adenocarcinoma: WJOG 5108L
Authors: Urata Yoshiko , Katakami Nobuyuki , Morita Satoshi , Kaji Reiko , Yoshioka Hiroshige , Seto Takashi , Satouchi Miyako , Iwamoto Yasuo , Kanehara Masashi , Fujimoto Daichi , Ikeda Norihiko , Murakami Haruyasu , Daga Haruko , Oguri Tetsuya , Goto Isao , Imamura Fumio , Sugawara Shunichi , Saka Hideo , Nogami Naoyuki , Negoro Shunichi , Nakagawa Kazuhiko , Nakanishi Yoichi
Published: March 2016

Purpose

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase has been an important target for non–small-cell lung cancer. Several EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are currently approved, and both gefitinib and erlotinib are the most well-known first-generation EGFR-TKIs. This randomized phase III study was conducted to investigate the difference between these two EGFR-TKIs.

Patients and Methods

Previously treated patients with lung adenocarcinoma were randomly assigned to receive gefitinib or erlotinib. This study aimed to investigate the noninferiority of gefitinib compared with erlotinib. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS).

Results

Five hundred sixty-one patients were randomly assigned, including 401 patients (71.7%) with EGFR mutation. All baseline factors (except performance status) were balanced between the arms. Median PFS and overall survival times for gefitinib and erlotinib were 6.5 and 7.5 months (hazard ratio [HR], 1.125; 95% CI, 0.940 to 1.347; P = .257) and 22.8 and 24.5 months (HR, 1.038; 95% CI, 0.833 to 1.294; P = .768), respectively. The response rates for gefitinib and erlotinib were 45.9% and 44.1%, respectively. Median PFS times in EGFR mutation–positive patients receiving gefitinib versus erlotinib were 8.3 and 10.0 months, respectively (HR, 1.093; 95% CI, 0.879 to 1.358; P = .424). The primary grade 3 or 4 toxicities were rash (2.2% for gefitinib v 18.1% for erlotinib) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT)/aspartate aminotransferase (AST) elevation (6.1%/13.0% for gefitinib v 2.2%/3.3% for erlotinib).

Conclusion

The study did not demonstrate noninferiority of gefitinib compared with erlotinib in terms of PFS in patients with lung adenocarcinoma according to the predefined criteria.
Reliable Detection of Mismatch Repair Deficiency in Colorectal Cancers Using Mutational Load in Next-Generation Sequencing Panels
Authors: Stadler Zsofia K. , Battaglin Francesca , Middha Sumit , Hechtman Jaclyn F. , Tran Christina , Cercek Andrea , Yaeger Rona , Segal Neil H. , Varghese Anna M. , Reidy-Lagunes Diane L. , Kemeny Nancy E. , Salo-Mullen Erin E. , Ashraf Asad , Weiser Martin R. , Garcia-Aguilar Julio , Robson Mark E. , Offit Kenneth , Arcila Maria E. , Berger Michael F. , Shia Jinru , Solit David B. , Saltz Leonard B.
Published: March 2016

Purpose

Tumor screening for Lynch syndrome is recommended in all or most patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). In metastatic CRC, sequencing of RAS/BRAF is necessary to guide clinical management. We hypothesized that a next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel that identifies RAS/BRAF and other actionable mutations could also reliably identify tumors with DNA mismatch repair protein deficiency (MMR-D) on the basis of increased mutational load.

Methods

We identified all CRCs that underwent genomic mutation profiling with a custom NGS assay (MSK-IMPACT) between March 2014 and July 2015. Tumor mutational load, with exclusion of copy number changes, was determined for each case and compared with MMR status as determined by routine immunohistochemistry.

Results

Tumors from 224 patients with unique CRC analyzed for MMR status also underwent MSK-IMPACT. Thirteen percent (n = 28) exhibited MMR-D by immunohistochemistry. Using the 341-gene assay, 100% of the 193 tumors with < 20 mutations were MMR-proficient. Of 31 tumors with ≥ 20 mutations, 28 (90%) were MMR-D. The three remaining tumors were easily identified as being distinct from the MMR-D tumors with > 150 mutations each. Each of these tumors harbored the P286R hotspot POLE mutation consistent with the ultramutator phenotype. Among MMR-D tumors, the median number of mutations was 50 (range, 20 to 90) compared with six (range, 0 to 17) in MMR-proficient/POLE wild-type tumors (P < .001). With a mutational load cutoff of ≥ 20 and < 150 for MMR-D detection, sensitivity and specificity were both 1.0 (95% CI, 0.93 to 1.0).

Conclusion

A cutoff for mutational load can be identified via multigene NGS tumor profiling, which provides a highly accurate means of screening for MMR-D in the same assay that is used for tumor genotyping.
Chronic Exposure to Bisphenol A Affects Uterine Function During Early Pregnancy in Mice
Authors: Li Quanxi , Davila Juanmahel , Kannan Athilakshmi , Flaws Jodi A. , Bagchi Milan K. , Bagchi Indrani C.
Published: March 2016

Environmental and occupational exposure to bisphenol A (BPA), a chemical widely used in polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins, has received much attention in female reproductive health due to its widespread toxic effects. Although BPA has been linked to infertility and recurrent miscarriage in women, the impact of its exposure on uterine function during early pregnancy remains unclear. In this study, we addressed the effect of prolonged exposure to an environmental relevant dose of BPA on embryo implantation and establishment of pregnancy. Our studies revealed that treatment of mice with BPA led to improper endometrial epithelial and stromal functions thus affecting embryo implantation and establishment of pregnancy. Upon further analyses, we found that the expression of progesterone receptor (PGR) and its downstream target gene, HAND2 (heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2), was markedly suppressed in BPA-exposed uterine tissues. Previous studies have shown that HAND2 controls embryo implantation by repressing fibroblast growth factor and the MAPK signaling pathways and inhibiting epithelial proliferation. Interestingly, we observed that down-regulation of PGR and HAND2 expression in uterine stroma upon BPA exposure was associated with enhanced activation of fibroblast growth factor and MAPK signaling in the epithelium, thus contributing to aberrant proliferation and lack of uterine receptivity. Further, the differentiation of endometrial stromal cells to decidual cells, an event critical for the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy, was severely compromised in response to BPA. In summary, our studies revealed that chronic exposure to BPA impairs PGR-HAND2 pathway and adversely affects implantation and the establishment of pregnancy.
Inhaled Anesthetics Exert Different Protective Properties in a Mouse Model of Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury
Authors: Strosing Karl Michael , Faller Simone , Gyllenram Veronica , Engelstaedter Helen , Buerkle Hartmut , Spassov Sashko , Hoetzel Alexander
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND:

Mechanical ventilation is an important perioperative tool in anesthesia and a lifesaving treatment for respiratory failure, but it can lead to ventilator-associated lung injury. Inhaled anesthetics have demonstrated protective properties in various models of organ damage. We compared the lung-protective potential of inhaled sevoflurane, isoflurane, and desflurane in a mouse model of ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI).

METHODS:

C57BL/6N mice were randomized into 5 groups (n = 8/group). One group served as a control and 4 groups were subjected to mechanical ventilation with air (12 mL/kg tidal volume) for 6 hours. Ventilated animals were anesthetized with either ketamine and acepromazine, or 1 of 3 inhaled anesthetics: isoflurane, sevoflurane, or desflurane. Lung injury was assessed by lung histology, neutrophil counts, and interleukin-1β concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Antioxidant effects were explored by evaluation of production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione content in lung tissue by immunofluorescence staining and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Changes in intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and src-protein-tyrosine-kinase levels were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot.

RESULTS:

Compared with nonventilated controls, ventilated mice anesthetized with ketamine had thickened alveolar walls, elevated VILI scores, higher polymorph neutrophil counts, and increased ROS production. Mice anesthetized with isoflurane and sevoflurane showed thinner alveolar septa, lower VILI scores, lower polymorph neutrophil counts, and lower interleukin-1β concentrations than ketamine mice. The expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1/src-protein-tyrosine-kinase was neither affected by mechanical ventilation nor affected by administration of inhaled anesthetics. Mice anesthetized with isoflurane and sevoflurane showed less ROS production and higher glutathione contents compared with ketamine mice. Unexpectedly, desflurane-ventilated mice showed similar signs of lung injury compared with mice ventilated with air alone and receiving ketamine anesthesia. Desflurane failed to inhibit inflammatory responses and ROS production in lung tissue and developed no antioxidant potential.

CONCLUSIONS:

Although isoflurane and sevoflurane prevent ventilator-associated lung injury, desflurane does not. As an underlying mechanism, both inhaled anesthetics exert major anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects.
Registro de variação cromática em escorpião Tityus serrulatus Lutz & Mello (1922): principal espécie de interesse médico no Brasil
Registration of chromatic variation in Tityus serrulatus Lutz & Mello (1922):major species of medical interest in Brazil
Authors: Reckziegel Guilherme Carneiro , Oliveira Stefan Vilges de , Candido Denise Maria , Stutz William Henrique
Published: March 2016

Introdução: O Tityus serrulatus apresenta ampla distribuição no Brasil, sendo o escorpião responsável pela maior parte de acidentes potencialmente graves. Objetivo: Relatar a ocorrência de um exemplar com variação cromática de Tityus. Comunicação: Foi capturada uma fêmea do escorpião Tityus serrulatus, com variação cromática no Estado de Minas Gerais, Município do Prata, Bairro Esperança (19°18’18.91”S; 48°55’3.62”O). Conclusão: É registrado o primeiro caso de variação cromática em T. serrulatus.
Finding Ponce de Leon’s Pill: Challenges in Screening for Anti-Aging Molecules
Authors: Kumar Surinder , Lombard David B.
Published: March 2016

Aging is characterized by the progressive accumulation of degenerative changes, culminating in impaired function and increased probability of death. It is the major risk factor for many human pathologies – including cancer, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases – and consequently exerts an enormous social and economic toll. The major goal of aging research is to develop interventions that can delay the onset of multiple age-related diseases and prolong healthy lifespan (healthspan). The observation that enhanced longevity and health can be achieved in model organisms by dietary restriction or simple genetic manipulations has prompted the hunt for chemical compounds that can increase lifespan. Most of the pathways that modulate the rate of aging in mammals have homologs in yeast, flies, and worms, suggesting that initial screening to identify such pharmacological interventions may be possible using invertebrate models. In recent years, several compounds have been identified that can extend lifespan in invertebrates, and even in rodents. Here, we summarize the strategies employed, and the progress made, in identifying compounds capable of extending lifespan in organisms ranging from invertebrates to mice and discuss the formidable challenges in translating this work to human therapies.
Strategically targeting MYC in cancer
Authors: Posternak Valeriya , Cole Michael D.
Published: March 2016

MYC is a major driver of cancer cell growth and mediates a transcriptional program spanning cell growth, the cell cycle, metabolism, and cell survival. Many efforts have been made to deliberately target MYC for cancer therapy. A variety of compounds have been generated to inhibit MYC function or stability, either directly or indirectly. The most direct inhibitors target the interaction between MYC and MAX, which is required for DNA binding. Unfortunately, these compounds do not have the desired pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics for in vivo application. Recent studies report the indirect inhibition of MYC through the development of two compounds, JQ1 and THZ1, which target factors involved in unique stages of transcription. These compounds appear to have significant therapeutic value for cancers with high levels of MYC, although some effects are MYC-independent. These approaches serve as a foundation for developing novel compounds to pharmacologically target MYC-driven cancers.
Process-Oriented Management of a Modern Enterprise
Authors: Чернева  , Cherneva Yu.
Published: March 2016

The paper focuses on the process-oriented management of a modern enterprise. The essence of the process-oriented approach to organizing and managing the activities of a modern enterprise is featured. Considered are the different ways to classify business processes. Also proposed is the mechanism for establishing the system of process-oriented enterprise management. Specific approaches and methods to improve business processes are described in detail.
ISO 9001: 2015 Standard as the New Business Opportunities
Authors: Девяткин  , Dyevyatkin Olyeg
Published: March 2016

The new requirements of ISO 9001:2015 are designed to meet the changing

conditions in the global economy, innovations in the field of enterprise

management and practical application of QMS. The new version of ISO

9001:2015 standard is a progressive step in terms of further development of

QMS. The proposed methodology for economic evaluation of QMS, based on the

results and financial effects obtained, allows for a comprehensive analysis of the

effects of QMS introduction. Application of QMS based on the new standard,

provides for a competitive advantage to organizations, seeking for leadership.
Introducing Innovative Processes to the Gas Transportation System of Russia
Authors: Чайковский  , Chaykovskiy A.
Published: March 2016

The paper deals with the topical issues concerning implementation of innovative

projects at gas transportation companies; highlights the causes, militating

against the significant achievements in the innovative development of the gas

industry, and emphasizes the necessity to apply effective methods for

implementing innovative processes, critical to ensure timely provision of the

necessary enabling conditions for further development of the gas transportation

system of Russia.
Emotional translation
Authors: Clifton Jessica
Published: March 2016

Jessica Clifton from LEGO Education discusses how teachers and educators can effectively incorporate discussions around feelings and expressing emotions into early learning, helping to develop wellbeing.
Explosive landscapes
Authors: Sargent Marianne
Published: March 2016

In this fourth extract from Planning for Learning through Dinosaurs, we use environments and volcanoes as our inspiration for a range of activities linked to all areas of learning in the Early Years Foundation Stage.
Go dotty for dominoes
Authors: Harries Judith
Published: March 2016

The third article in a series that will explore traditional games takes a look at a game that is thought to have originated in ancient China, one that can make us a ‘master’ or will make us fall! – dominoes.
Nano Gold Particles can Drop PSA Level
Authors: Shen Hsin-Der
Published: March 2016

Gold NPs, colorless, can decrease PSA levels, when prescribed at the correct dosage and taken with water. The nano gold content in this research was 66 ppb with particles size of 7.5nm. These conclusions were based on the improvements in the symptoms caused by prostate gland enlargement, such as a weak urinary stream, a frequent urge to urinate, and a feeling that the bladder never completely empties. After two months of drinking nano gold water, such conditions greatly improved. We then tested the effects of nano gold on a prostate-specific antigen (PSA). We did several tests on three cases in the following: 
Case 1: The medical records for blood PSA is a prostate cancer. 
Case 2: The medical records for blood PSA is between 4 to 5. 
Case 3: The medical records for blood PSA is close to zero but with a prostate cancer history.
All these cases are successfully dropped the PSA level after taking nano gold water. We also did the experiments with nano gold in 1. CO oxidation and Formaldehyde decomposition 2. Plant growth and germination faster. Then we find that the gold NPs can work as catalysts to decompose the chemical and organic solvents compounds in the path of urine system in our body and drop the PSA level.
Systematic review of clinical outcomes after prophylactic surgery
Authors: Davis CR , Trevatt AEJ , Dixit A , Datta V
Published: March 2016

Introduction

Prophylactic appendicectomy is performed prior to military, polar and space expeditions to prevent acute appendicitis in the field. However, the risk–benefit ratio of prophylactic surgery is controversial. This study aimed to systematically review the evidence for prophylactic appendicectomy. It is supplemented by a clinical example of prophylactic surgery resulting in life-threatening complications.

Methods

A systematic review was performed using MEDLINE® and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Keyword variants of ‘prophylaxis’ and ‘appendicectomy’ were combined to identify potential papers for inclusion. Papers related to prophylactic appendicectomy risks and benefits were reviewed.

Results

Overall, 511 papers were identified, with 37 papers satisfying the inclusion criteria. Nine reported outcomes after incidental appendicectomy during concurrent surgical procedures. No papers focused explicitly on prophylactic appendicectomy in asymptomatic patients. The clinical example outlined acute obstruction secondary to adhesions from a prophylactic appendicectomy. Complications after elective appendicectomy versus the natural history of acute appendicitis in scenarios such as polar expeditions or covert operations suggest prophylactic appendicectomy may be appropriate prior to extreme situations. Nevertheless, the long-term risk of adhesion related complications render prophylactic appendicectomy feasible only when the short-term risk of acute appendicitis outweighs the long-term risks of surgery.

Conclusions

Prophylactic appendicectomy is rarely performed and not without risk. This is the first documented evidence of long-term complications following prophylactic appendicectomy. Surgery should be considered on an individual basis by balancing the risks of acute appendicitis in the field with the potential consequences of an otherwise unnecessary surgical procedure in a healthy patient.
Demystifying damage control in musculoskeletal trauma
Authors: Bates P , Parker P , McFadyen I , Pallister I
Published: March 2016

Trauma care has evolved rapidly over the past decade. The benefits of operative fracture management in major trauma patients are well recognised. Concerns over early total care arose when applied broadly. The burden of additional surgical trauma could constitute a second hit, fuelling the inflammatory response and precipitating a decline into acute respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Temporary external fixation aimed to deliver the benefits of fracture stabilisation without the risk of major surgery. This damage control orthopaedics approach was advocated for those in extremis and a poorly defined borderline group. An increasing understanding of the physiological response to major trauma means there is now a need to refine our treatment options.

A number of large scale retrospective reviews indicate that early definitive fracture fixation is beneficial in the majority of major trauma patients. It is recommended that patients are selected appropriately on the basis of their response to resuscitation. The hope is that this approach (dubbed ‘safe definitive fracture surgery’ or ‘early appropriate care’) will herald an era when care is individualised for each patient and their circumstances. The novel Damage Control in Orthopaedic Trauma Surgery course at The Royal College of Surgeons of England aims to equip senior surgeons with the insights and mindset necessary to contribute to this key decision making process as well as also the technical skills to provide damage control interventions when needed, relying on the improved techniques of damage control resuscitation and advances in the understanding of early appropriate care.
Evaluation of a two rubber band technique for finger ring removal
Authors: Kingston D , Bopf D , Dhanjee U , McLean A
Published: March 2016

Introduction

Rings are required to be removed from a finger in many clinical situations. Rings that are difficult to remove is a problem encountered frequently. Many techniques have been reported for this problem. This study looks at the effectiveness of a single technique for removing difficult rings from fingers.

Methods

A two rubber band technique was used in this study of 69 difficult to remove rings. Success of the technique and time to removal were recorded.

Results

Difficult rings were removed in 92.5% of cases, in a mean time of 10.7 seconds. No fingers or rings suffered damage during the study.

Conclusions

This two rubber band technique is a rapid, safe and effective method for removing rings that cannot be removed easily.
Déjá vu
Authors: Mortensen Neil
Published: March 2016

This month we look back at the only historical precedent for the current junior doctors’ dispute.
from Westminster
Authors: Leahy Patrick
Published: March 2016

The post-post-Francis era
Defending liberty
Authors: Wheeler Robert
Published: March 2016

Each month we take a close look at a recent legal case with implications for the surgical profession.
Binary logistic regression to estimate household income efficiency. (south Darfur rural areas-Sudan)
Authors: A. A. Saad Sofian , Adam Amin , H. Abdelateef Afra
Published: March 2016

The main objective behind this study is to find out the main factors that affects the efficiency of household income in Darfur rejoin. The statistical technique of the binary logistic regression has been used to test if there is a significant effect of fife binary explanatory variables against the response variable (income efficiency); sample of size 136 household head is gathered from the relevant population. The outcomes of the study showed that; there is a significant effect of the level of household expenditure on the efficiency of income, beside the size of household also has significant effect on the response variable, the remaining explanatory variables showed no significant effects, those are (household head education level, size of household head own agricultural and numbers of students at school).
Epidemiology, presentation and integrated management of scorpion sting envenomation
Authors: V. Binorkar Sandeep , R. Parlikar Gajanan
Published: March 2016

Scorpion sting is an overwhelming & an endemic public health problem in some rural part of the India. Approximately 1,400 species of the Scorpion are found worldwide. 50 species out of 700, in India, can cause serious illness. Most of the studies have focused on the clinical and epidemiological aspects of scorpion stings. However, the venom of several scorpion species can trigger Cerebral, Cardiovascular & other systemic disturbances which may lead to death. Ayurveda has explained numerous medicinal preparations in the management of Vrishchika Damsha (Scorpion sting). This Paper highlights on the presentation of Scorpion sting and its acceptable prophylaxis and therapeutic protocols according to Ayurveda & conventional medical science.
Kierownictwo duchowe i poradnictwo rodzinne. Możliwości ich wspólnego zastosowania w trakcie rekolekcji dla rodzin
Authors: Sobczyk Adam Józef
Published: March 2016

Jedną z form opieki świadczonej przez Kościół współczesnej rodzinie jest pomoc w ramach rekolekcji dla rodzin, prowadzonych przez osoby konsekrowane. W ich trakcie możliwa jest zarówno praktyka kierownictwa duchowego, jak i poradnictwo. Sama forma rekolekcji stwarza korzystne warunki do prowadzenia rozmów, zapraszania kompetentnych ludzi i pomocy rodzinom zarówno od strony duchowej, jak i doradczej. Doświadczenie uczy, że równoległe prowadzenie kierownictwa duchowego i poradnictwa jest możliwe. Kreuje jednak potrzebę dobrego przygotowania organizatorów rekolekcji i prowadzących je. Istotne również wydaje się podkreślenie konieczności kontynuacji pomocy rodzinie również poza czasem rekolekcji. Stwarza to większe szanse osiągnięcia oczekiwanych rezultatów.
Strategia duszpasterska biskupa diecezji w odniesieniu do sakramentalnego małżeństwa
Authors: Stefanek Stanisław
Published: March 2016

Współczesne zmiany obyczajowe oraz towarzyszący im zamęt pojęciowy są w pewnej mierze skutkiem teorii tworzonych na gruncie antropologii i filozofii. Pod ich wpływem wielu młodych ludzi odnosi wrażenie, że szczęście można osiągnąć dzięki wielokrotnemu zmienianiu nie tylko partnerów, ale i płci, a więc dzięki absolutnej wolności. Towarzyszy temu zjawisko współmieszkania i inne formy zakładania domów niby-rodzinnych. W związku z tym zadaniem Kościoła jest szukanie nowego języka, możliwości porozumienia się, zwłaszcza z osobami, które zostały dotknięte tymi różnymi rewolucjami. Dlatego też Kościół ostatnio powołał do życia watykańską Radę ds. Nowej Ewangelizacji i zaprosił wszystkich do tego dzieła. Ponadto Benedykt XVI ogłosił Rok Wiary. Zmiany dotyczą też formy przygotowania młodych ludzi do sakramentu małżeństwa. Z praktyki duszpasterskiej wynika, że należy ponownie przemyśleć tematykę kursów, a niejednokrotnie zastępować je indywidualnym przygotowaniem młodych do sakramentu małżeństwa, dzięki czemu możliwe będzie dotarcie do osób obojętnych religijnie.
Znaczenie i wartość sakramentalnego małżeństwa
Authors: Pryba Andrzej
Published: March 2016

Małżeństwo to wspólnota mężczyzny i kobiety, związanych ze sobą specyficzną, charakterystyczną dla nich więzią, polegającą na wolnym i nieodwołalnym darze z siebie. Wspólnota ta jest trwała, zobiektywizowana oraz otwarta na przekazywanie życia. Jest ona dziełem i darem Boga. To dzięki Jego zamysłowi małżeństwo i rodzina ma transcendentną z Nim relację. Dokonuje się to w czasie zawierania sakramentalnego przymierza małżeńskiego. To wówczas małżonkowie zapraszają Boga do swojego życia, co skutkuje działaniem Ducha Świętego w duszach nowożeńców oraz jest szczególnym zaproszeniem ze strony Jezusa do Jego naśladowania, tak by życie małżeńskie dojrzewało do świętości w codzienności. Małżeństwo sakramentalne ma głęboki sens i znaczenie dla jakości życia małżonków, dla wspólnoty Kościoła, jak również dla społeczeństwa. Stąd też wydaje się niezwykle istotne odkrywanie na nowo bogactwa sakramentu małżeństwa i proklamowanie go.
Małżeństwo w kontekście nowej ewangelizacji
Authors: Zielonka Iwona
Published: March 2016

Istotą nowej ewangelizacji ma być doprowadzenie współczesnego człowieka do osobistego spotkania z Osobą Jezusa Chrystusa. Nowa ewangelizacja jest wyraźnym wezwaniem, by Kościół powrócił do swoich korzeni, by jego członkowie wybrali chrześcijaństwo jako styl życia. Musi to być ich osobisty wybór. W liście ogłaszającym Rok Wiary Benedykt XVI podkreśla, że „znajomość treści wiary jest istotna, by wyrazić swą zgodę, to znaczy, aby w pełni, rozumem i wolą, przyjąć to, co proponuje Kościół”. O czym papież mówi? Wielu katolików mówi o sobie: „jestem wierzący, ale niepraktykujący”, tymczasem mamy dziś fenomen osób praktykujących niewierzących. Wierzących w Boga, ale niewierzących Bogu. Niewierzących, że życie w Nim i z Nim da im szczęście i pełnię życia. Istotą chrześcijaństwa jest bowiem osobowa relacja z Bogiem. Bycie uczniem Chrystusa nie jest czymś abstrakcyjnym ani tytułem naukowym, który można uzyskać, ale formą życia, która ujawnia się przede wszystkim w relacjach. Wiara, o której dziś mówimy, jest w dużym procencie martwa. Dlaczego, mimo naszej służby, zaangażowania i działań duszpasterskich, ludzie nie nawracają się, a nawet odchodzą od Boga i Kościoła? Rodzina stanowi szczególne miejsce ewangelizacji: „rodzinę, podobnie jak Kościół, należy uważać za pole, na które przynosi się Ewangelię i z którego ona się rozkrzewia. Dlatego w łonie rodziny, świadomej tego zadania, wszyscy jej członkowie ewangelizują, a także podlegają ewangelizacji. To właśnie w rodzinie odbywa się – ten sam, co w Kościele – proces ewangelizacji: świadectwo, przepowiadanie i sakramenty”. Społeczeństwo, Kościół tworzą rodziny, stąd Nowa Ewangelizacja dotyczy przede wszystkim Rodziny. Ona jest najważniejszą troską Nowej Ewangelizacji. Musimy patrzeć w przód, zobaczyć Kościół za 20, 30 lat. Od tego, jak dziś będziemy budować, będzie zależał obraz Kościoła następnych pokoleń. Wielki nakaz Jezusa, skierowany do swoich uczniów: „Idźcie i głoście Ewangelię” (Mk 16,15) rozbrzmiewa także pośród „kościoła domowego”, który jest ewangelizowany, jak i ewangelizujący? Nakaz ten przynagla do działania!
Penitencjaria Apostolska: Trybunał miłosierdzia w służbie Kościołowi
Authors: Nykiel Krzysztof Józef
Published: March 2016

W niniejszym artykule autor, Regent Penitencjarii Apostolskiej, przedstawiła najstarszą dykasterię Kurii Rzymskiej, którą jest Penitencjaria Apostolska, jej struktury, kompetencje, działania i sposoby codziennej pracy. Omówiono także kwestię przewinień, które ze względu na ich wagę, są zarezerwowane dla Stolicy Apostolskiej.Zwrócono uwagę, że Trybunał Miłosierdzia w służbie Kościoła opiera się na doświadczeniu wieków historii Kościoła, może być udowodnione, że wszystko dotyczące forum wewnętrznych w Kościele ma nieocenioną wartość. Misją Kościoła jest zbawienie dusz. W tej misji Trybunału Penitencjarii Apostolskiej wkracza w bardzo szczególny sposób.
Kapłańska posługa w konfesjonale jako wyzwanie współczesności
Authors: Zabielski Józef
Published: March 2016

Współczesne społeczeństwo charakteryzuje zanik poczucia grzechu i winy . Ta utrata odpowiedzialności moralnej człowieka prowadzi do utraty jedności z Bogiem, z samym sobą i z innymi. Fakt ten stanowi szczególne wyzwanie dla moralnej i pastoralnej funkcji Kościoła. Unikalne "miejsce" od spotkania człowieka z Bogiem, z samym sobą, jest sakrament pokuty i pojednania. W związku z tym posługa konfesjonału i innych form życia duchowego jest bardzo pomocna. Dokument Kongregacji Duchowieństwa "Kapłan - sługa Bożego Miłosierdzia" wskazania dla spowiedników i kierowników duchowych został poświęcony właśnie tej kwestii. Analizując treść tych wskazań, w tym artykule zostały podjęte dwie kwestie:1. Sakramentalna posługa spowiednika.2. Spowiednik jako kierownika duchowego .
Implantable Loop Recorder – A Good Opportunity to Diagnose Unexplained Syncope
Authors: Cvetković Predrag , Perisić Zoran , Kostić Tomislav , Stojković Aleksandar , Krstić Miroslav , Bozinović Nenad , Kirćanski Bratislav , Keković Mima
Published: March 2016

Implantable loop recorder (ILR) is a method in cardiology, which is used for the diagnosis of unexplained syncope in patients who were not treated successfully using standard methods. Implantable loop recorder is a diagnostic device that is surgically implanted under the skin of the chest area. This device does not have the endovenous implantation of electrodes; instead, electrodes are attached to the machine housing. The device records the heart rhythm continuously, up to 14 months, and stores data outside the activator whenever symptoms appear, or by the automatic activation of the predefined program for bradycardia, asystole, and tachycardia. The aim of this paper was to describe the method for the detection of cardiac syncope with the use of implantable loop recorder.
Aerosol and gamma background measurements at Basic Environmental Observatory Moussala
Authors: Angelov Christo , Arsov Todor , Penev Ilia , Nikolova Nina , Kalapov Ivo , Georgiev Stefan
Published: March 2016

Trans boundary and local pollution, global climate changes and cosmic rays are the main areas of research performed at the regional Global Atmospheric Watch (GAW) station Moussala BEO (2925 m a.s.l., 42°10’45’’ N, 23°35’07’’ E). Real time measurements and observations are performed in the field of atmospheric chemistry and physics. Complex information about the aerosol is obtained by using a threewavelength integrating Nephelometer for measuring the scattering and backscattering coefficients, a continuous light absorption photometer and a scanning mobile particle sizer. The system for measuring radioactivity and heavy metals in aerosols allows us to monitor a large scale radioactive aerosol transport. The measurements of the gamma background and the gamma-rays spectrum in the air near Moussala peak are carried out in real time. The HYSPLIT back trajectory model is used to determine the origin of the data registered. DREAM code calculations [2] are used to forecast the air mass trajectory. The information obtained combined with a full set of corresponding meteorological parameters is transmitted via a high frequency radio telecommunication system to the Internet.
Explicit “ballistic M-model”: a refinement of the implicit “modified point mass trajectory model”
Authors: Baranowski L. , Gadomski B. , Majewski P. , Szymonik J.
Published: March 2016

Various models of a projectile in a resisting medium are used. Some are very simple, like the “point mass trajectory model”, others, like the “rigid body trajectory model”, are complex and hard to use, especially in Fire Control Systems due to the fact of numeric complexity and an excess of less important corrections. There exist intermediate ones - e.g. the “modified point mass trajectory model”, which unfortunately is given by an implicitly defined differential equation as Sec. 1 discusses. The main objective of this paper is to present a way to reformulate the model obtaining an easy to solve explicit system having a reasonable complexity yet not being parameter-overloaded. The final form of the M-model, after being carefully derived in Sec. 2, is presented in Subsec. 2.5.
Morphological sharpening of color images
Authors: Skoneczny S.
Published: March 2016

This paper presents a novel approach to morphological contrast sharpening of image using the multilevel toggle operator. The concept presented here is a generalization of toggle based contrast operator for gray-level images. The multilevel toggle operator is used to enhance the contrast of multivalued images. In order to perform necessary morphological operations the modified pairwise ordering (MPO) algorithm is proposed. It gives the total order of color pixels. For comparison four other ordering methods are used. The main advantage of the proposed sharpener is its significant contrast enhancing ability when using MPO. Theoretical considerations as well as practical results are shown. Experimental results show its applicability to low-contrast color images.
Improving the Quality of Nonwoven Materials Manufacturing based on Analysis of its Water Permeability
Authors: Walczak Renata , Neumann Paweł
Published: March 2016

Composite nonwoven materials such as polypropylene are widely used for medical purposes due to their unique properties. During the production process, polymer fibers are created using multiple extruders; the material is formed from a web of polypropylene fibers bonded together by cooling and rolling out between cylinders. The production process is often unreliable; hence properties such as water resistance vary across the length of the composite. The nonwovens are often used to manufacture medical attire, which further needs to be sterilized, and in order to choose the optimal method, one needs to know the cloth's water resistance. The aim of the study was to investigate the statistical distribution of permeability in composite nonwovens and its relevance to business decisions. Investigation was performed on multiple samples at different stages of production. It was found that water resistance is strictly correlated with the quality of the material and is increased in the sterilization process. The statistical analysis of water resistance in nonwoven material, both raw and processed, can be used by medical manufacturers in order to optimize costs in the production process.
Exponential Objects
Authors: Riccardi Marco
Published: March 2016

In the first part of this article we formalize the concepts of terminal and initial object, categorical product [4] and natural transformation within a free-object category [1]. In particular, we show that this definition of natural transformation is equivalent to the standard definition [13]. Then we introduce the exponential object using its universal property and we show the isomorphism between the exponential object of categories and the functor category [12].
当代汉语 “遭” 字句的特点及其与 “被” 字句的差异
Authors: 晏斌 刁
Published: March 2016

摘 要

当代汉语中有越来越多的被动句开始以 “遭” 为被动标记，这种 “遭” 字句与传统的 “被” 字句相比，有以下几个方面的明显差异，由此也表现出其非常鲜明的个性特点：一是只用于表示不幸、不如意的事件或遭遇，二是具有较为明显的实义即［＋蒙受、逆意、意外］的语义特征，三是结构形式相对简单，四是分布范围（包括语法功能、表达功能、语体和时体等方面）有限。以上四个方面显示，上述两种被动句在相当程度上呈互补分布，而被动标记 “遭” 是一个虚实相交的 “半实半虚” 词，它正处在由实到虚的语法化过程之中。
Selective Hydrogenation of 4’,4”(5”)-Di-Tert-Butyldibenzo-18-Crown-6 Ether over Rh/γ-Al2O3 Nanocatalyst
Authors: Suryawanshi Yogeshwar R. , Chakraborty Mousumi , Jauhari Smita , Mukhopadhyay Sulekha , Shenoy Kalsanka T.
Published: March 2016

Rh/γ-Al2O3nanocatalysts with different metal loading were synthesized by two different techniques i. e. microemulsion and microwave irradiated solvothermal technique. Synthesized nanocatalysts were then successfully implemented for the hydrogenation of 4’,4”(5”)-di-tert-butyldibenzo-18-crown-6 ether (DTBuB18C6) at 70 bar, 353–393 K temperature and 5 h. It was observed that 3 wt% nanocatalyst obtained by microemulsion technique exhibited higher catalytic activity and resulted 40 % conversion with high selectivity towards cis-syn-cis di-tert-dicyclohexano-18-crown-6ether (CSC DTBuCH18C6).
Bacteriocin Produced from Lactobacillus plantarum ATM11: Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies
Authors: Thirumurugan A. , Ramachandran S. , Sivamani S.
Published: March 2016

In the present study, the effect of heat treatment on the activity of bacteriocin from Lactobacillus plantarum ATM11 was studied. The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were calculated for the thermal inactivation of the bacteriocin over a time–temperature combinations in the range of 30, 45, 60 and 90 min and 60, 65, 70, 75 and 80 °C. Understanding the thermal inactivation of biopreservatives in a food matrix is essential to allow their proper utilization in food industry, enabling the reduction of heating times and optimization of heating temperature. The results indicate the different thermal stabilities with k-values between 0.0159 and 0.0225 min−1. D-values decreased with increase in temperature, indicating faster inactivation of the bacteriocin at higher temperatures. These results suggest that bacteriocin is relatively heat stable with a z-value of 22.85 °C.
Probability Density Functions of Vorticities in Turbulent Channels with Effects of Blowing and Suction
Authors: Liu Can , Chen Xi
Published: March 2016

This paper presents direct numerical simulation (DNS) result of the Navier–Stokes equations for turbulent channel flows with blowing and suction effects. The friction Reynolds number is

R

e

τ

=
394

${\rm{R}}{{\rm{e}}_\tau} = 394$

and a range of blowing and suction conditions is covered with different perturbation strengths, i. e.

A
=
0.05
,

$A = 0.05, $

0.1, 0.2. While the mean velocity profile has been severely altered, the probability density function (PDF) for (spanwise) vorticity – depending on wall distance

(

y
+

)

$({y^ +})$

and blowing/suction strength (A) – satisfies the generalized hyperbolic distribution (GHD) of Birnir [The Kolmogorov-Obukhov statistical theory of turbulence, J. Nonlinear Sci. (2013a), doi: 10.1007/s00332-012-9164–z; The Kolmogorov-Obukhov theory of turbulence, Springer, New York, 2013b] in the bulk of the flow. The latter leads to accurate descriptions of all PDFs (at

y
+

=
40
,

${y^ +} = 40, $

200, 390 and

A
=
0.05
,

$A = 0.05, $

0.2, for instance) with only four parameters. The result indicates that GHD is a general tool to quantify PDF for turbulent flows under various wall surface conditions.
BCH Codes for Coherent Star DQAM Systems with Laser Phase Noise
Authors: Leong Miu Yoong , Larsen Knud J. , Jacobsen Gunnar , Zibar Darko , Sergeyev Sergey , Popov Sergei
Published: March 2016

Coherent optical systems have relatively high laser phase noise, which affects the performance of forward error correction (FEC) codes. In this paper, we propose a method for selecting Bose–Chaudhuri–Hocquenghem (BCH) codes for coherent systems with star-shaped constellations and
Rational diagnostic work-up of anemia
Authors: Hastka Jan , Metzgeroth Georgia
Published: March 2016

Anemia is defined as a decrease in the hemoglobin concentration below the age- and sex-specific lower limit, established by WHO as 130 g/L in men and 120 g/L in women. In principle, there are many differential diagnoses which must be considered. The diagnostic evaluation furthermore is complicated by the fact that anemias are often multicausal. A rational evaluation of anemia should always take into account the epidemiological data and also the individual patient’s history. The classification according to the size and the hemoglobin content of the red blood cells based on the erythrocyte indices still plays a central diagnostic role. The worldwide most important cause of a hypochromic-microcytic anemia is iron deficiency. Anemia of chronic disease (ACD) and thalassemia are to be considered as differential diagnoses. Disorders of vitamin B12 and folic acid metabolism are clinically the most important causes of hyperchromic-macrocytic anemia. The normochromic-normocytic group includes most forms of anemias. In these cases one should not try to cover all possible causes by a fully comprehensive laboratory panel within the first blood sample already. It is more appropriate to proceed step-by-step to evaluate the most frequent and clinically most important reasons first. This especially applies to geriatric and multimorbid patients where the diagnostic effort must be adjusted to the individual needs and prognosis of the patient, not only from economical but also from ethical reasons. In unexplained anemias, consultation of a hematologist should be considered. In case of doubt, bone marrow biopsy is required to precisely evaluate the hematopoiesis and to exclude a hematological disorder.
Performance Qualification of Two Processor-controlled Dosing Pumps for the Production of Mixed Infusion Solutions in a Closed System
Authors: Hennache Terry , Clabaut Gwénaëlle , Mustapha Lina , Dubaele Jean-Marc , Marçon Frédéric
Published: March 2016

: The aim of this study is to carry out performance qualifications of 2 processor-controlled dosing pumps for the production of mixed infusion solutions in a closed system.

: Two dosing pumps have been qualified regarding their use: a processor-controlled dosing pump MediMix

: The mean relative biases found with different products used for the qualifications of the two controllers were below the manufacturer’s specifications. When pumping operations were performed outside the manufacturer’s recommended ranges of volumes, relative bias remained below 10 %. Low relative bias (<3 %) and relative standard deviation (<1 %) were also found with routine controls (weight, osmolality, sodium concentration, potassium concentration) performed on test batches produced with the 12-pumps automated compounding device (ACD).

: The single pump controller MediMix