bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of social Nervous (SaSo) exercise with insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) on gestational diabetes mellitus among Indonesian pregnant women: a quasi-experimental study
Authors: Afifah Effatul , Nurdiati Detty Siti , Hadi Hamam , Sofro Zainal Muttaqien , Sadewa Ahmad Hamim , Aji Arif Sabta
Published: November 2021

Background

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a carbohydrate intolerance condition that is diagnosed for the first-time during pregnancy and is associated with various adverse pregnancy outcomes for both mother and child, such as increased rates of perinatal complications and long-term morbidity. Exercise is a strategy to reduce hyperglycemia experienced during gestational diabetes mellitus. One type of exercise that can be done is a social nervous exercise (SaSo). SaSo can stimulate the parasympathetic or myelinated vagus nerves and control blood glucose by stimulating autonomic nerves system so that nerve homeostasis and glucose homeostasis occur. This study aimed to determine the impact of a SaSo program consisting of warm-up, core (prayer movements) and cool-down exercises on glucose homeostasis (HOMA-IR) parameters in women with GDM.
Methods

The study used a quasi-experimental design. Thirty-seven women with GDM at 24-28 weeks gestation were divided into an experimental group (n=19) with a regularly supervised SaSo program (n=18). The control group received only standard antenatal care for GDM. The exercise program started from the time of diagnosis of diabetes to six weeks of intervention conducted twice per week with sessions lasting 40-45 minutes. Bivariate analysis was used to test the difference in means with pretest and posttest results.
Results

Majority of pregnant women were in the not at-risk age category for control and intervention groups (79% and 83%, respectively). The baseline data results for the experimental and control groups were homogeneous, with no difference in baseline variables (P>0.05). The social nervous exercise experimental group had lower mean difference (MD±SD) levels of insulin resistence in late pregnancy compared to the control group (-9.15±10.06 vs 3.42 ±14.84) (P=0.004).
Conclusions

A social nervous exercise program has a beneficial effect on insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels in late pregnancy. Further research needs to be done with larger studies to confirm the findings of this study.
Trial registration:

Ethical approval was obtained from the Medical and Health Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta (KE/0978/08/2019).
The Delayed Decrease of Seismicity In The Eastern Margin of The Japan Sea Due To The Megathrust Event In 2011 Along The Japan Trench
Authors: Matsu'ura Ritsuko S. , Hashima Akinori , Ishibe Takeo
Published: November 2021

In the eastern margin of the Japan Sea, off the west coast of Tohoku district, the seismicity increased right after the M9 megathrust event off the east coast of the Tohoku district on March 11, 2011. Four months later, the seismicity decreased to the half level of that before the M9 event. Such quantitative study was done by the point-process model selection with AIC. The decrease lasted for eight years until an M6.7 event occurred within the area in 2019. When we compare the seismicity change between before and after the M9 event, with the post seismic change of the maximum shear stress obtained by the viscoelastic simulation for a thousand years after the M9 event, we can estimate a loading rate of the shear stress in the area before the M9 as 24 kPa/y. For the term after the M9 event, the rate is a half of it; 12 kPa/y. When we assume the whole dilatation change due to the M9 event had been canceled by the time of the M6.7, the increasing rate of the mean stress after the M9 event is 21 kPa/y at most. When we will be able to use JMA catalog for 2020 or later years, we can obtain the seismicity level after the M6.7 quantitatively, and we will be able to narrow down this estimation.
Anthropogenic droughts are expected to exacerbate water inequalities in postcolonial cities
Authors: Rusca Maria , Savelli Elisa , Baldassarre Giuliano Di , Biza Adriano , Messori Gabriele
Published: November 2021

There are growing concerns about the impacts of climate change on equitable urban development. As cities are becoming increasingly exposed to anthropogenic droughts, stakes are particularly high in contexts of severe vulnerability. Yet, the impacts of future urban droughts and the societal responses they will elicit remain poorly understood. Here we develop social-environmental scenarios of anthropogenic drought-related impacts in postcolonial cities, characterized by highly uneven development and differentiated levels of vulnerability. We show how unprecedented droughts are expected to polarize existing inequalities in water access and well-being across genders, race and socio-economic groups. Specifically, unprecedented droughts will likely exacerbate spatial inequalities, generate localized public health crises, and regress development progress in water access. These results suggest that effective climate policies must address water insecurity and other pre-existing inequalities, and develop equitable water conservation measures to ensure effective adaptation to future unprecedented extreme droughts.
Translational Development of A Tumor Junction Opening Technology
Authors: Kim Jiho , Li Chang , Wang Hongjie , Kaviraj Swarnendu , Singh Sanjay , Savergave Laxman , Raghuwanshi Arjun , Gil Sucheol , Germond Audrey , Baldessari Audrey , Chen Bingmae , Steve Roffler , Fender Pascal , Drescher Charles , Carter Darrick , Lieber André
Published: November 2021

Our goal is to overcome treatment resistance in ovarian cancer patients, which occurs in most cases after an initial positive response to chemotherapy. A central resistance mechanism is the maintenance of desmoglein-2 (DSG2)-positive tight junctions between malignant cells, which prevents drug penetration into the tumor. We generated JO4, a recombinant protein that binds to DSG2, resulting in the transient opening of junctions in epithelial tumors. Here, we present studies on the clinical translation of JO4 in combination with PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin/Doxil® for ovarian cancer therapy. A manufacturing process for cGMP-compliant production of JO4 was developed. GLP toxicology studies using material from this process in DSG2 transgenic mice and cynomolgus macaques showed no treatment-related toxicities after intravenous injection at doses reaching 24 mg/kg. Multiple cycles of intravenous JO4 plus Doxil® (4 cycles, 4 weeks apart, simulating the treatment regimen in the clinical trial) elicited antibodies against JO4 that increased with each cycle and were accompanied by elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL6 and TNF. Pretreatment with steroids and cyclophosphamide reduced the anti-JO4 antibody response and blunted cytokine release. Our data indicate acceptable safety of our new treatment approach if immune reactions are monitored and counteracted with appropriate immune suppression.
Cu-Catalyzed, Mn-Mediated Propargylation and Allenylation of Aldehydes with Propargyl Bromides
Authors: Zhang Rongli , Xia Yanping , Yan Yuchen , Ouyang Lu
Published: November 2021

A simple, practical, and high chemo-selective method for the synthesis of propargyl alcohol and allenyl alcohols via Cu-catalyzed, Mn-mediated propargylation and allenylation of aldehydes with propargyl bromides has been established. When 3-bromo-1-propyne was conducted under the standard condition, the aldehydes were transformed to the corresponding propargylation products completely, while when 1-bromo-2-pentyne was used, allenic alcohol was the only product. Variety of homopropargyl alcohols and allenyl alcohols were obtained in high yields and the reaction is compatible with broad substrate scopes. In addition, the large-scale reaction could also be proceeded smoothly indicating the potential synthetic applications of this transformation.
Severe COVID-19 infection is associated with aberrant cytokine production by infected lung epithelial cells rather than by systemic immune dysfunction
Authors: Gajewski Thomas , Rouhani Sherin , Trujillo Jonathan , Pyzer Athalia , Yu Jovian , Fessler Jessica , Cabanov Alexandra , Higgs Emily , Cron Kyle , Zha Yuanyuan , Lu Yihao , Bloodworth Jeffrey , Abasiyanik Mustafa , Okrah Susan , Flood Blake , Hatogai Ken , Leung Michael , Pezeshk Apameh , Kozloff Lara , Reschke Robin , Strohbehn Garth , Chervin Carolina Soto , Kumar Madan , Schrantz Stephen , Madariaga Maria Lucia , Beavis Kathleen , Yeo Kiang-Teck , Sweis Randy , Segal Jeremy , Tay Savaş , Izumchenko Evgeny , Mueller Jeffrey , Chen Lin
Published: November 2021

The mechanisms explaining progression to severe COVID-19 remain poorly understood. It has been proposed that immune system dysregulation/over-stimulation may be implicated, but it is not clear how such processes would lead to respiratory failure. We performed comprehensive multiparameter immune monitoring in a tightly controlled cohort of 128 COVID-19 patients, and used the ratio of oxygen saturation to fraction of inspired oxygen (SpO2 / FiO2) as a physiologic measure of disease severity. Machine learning algorithms integrating 139 parameters identified IL-6 and CCL2 as two factors predictive of severe disease, consistent with the therapeutic benefit observed with anti-IL6-R antibody treatment. However, transcripts encoding these cytokines were not detected among circulating immune cells. Rather, in situ analysis of lung specimens using RNAscope and immunofluorescent staining revealed that elevated IL-6 and CCL2 were dominantly produced by infected lung type II pneumocytes. Severe disease was not associated with higher viral load, deficient antibody responses, or dysfunctional T cell responses. These results refine our understanding of severe COVID-19 pathophysiology, indicating that aberrant cytokine production by infected lung epithelial cells is a major driver of immunopathology. We propose that these factors cause local immune regulation towards the benefit of the virus.
Fungal Spoilage And Its Economic Impact On Maize (Zea Mays L.) And Wheat (Triticum aestivum L) In West Shoa, Ethiopia
Authors: Mohammed Kedir , Kumsa Fikadu
Published: November 2021

Food grains may be attacked by fungi in the field which can then develop rapidly during storage when conditions are suitable which result in losses in both quantity and quality in addition to decreasing nutritional value and mycotoxin production. Of the world’s grain harvest, lost during storage by microorganisms including insects, mites, and rodents is higher especially in developing countries. A study to assess fungal spoilage and contamination of two stored food grains of maize and wheat and its economic impact on the livelihood community were carried out in six localities, vis., Bako, Ejaji, Cheliya, Toke Kutaye, Ginde Beret and Holeta. A total of 120 samples (60maize and 60wheat) were collected using purposive and stratified random sampling. Isolation of fungi from collected food grains were done using dry inspection and incubation test (agar plate method) and identification was done based on cultural characteristics and microscopic features. Results of the current study indicated that the mean fungal contamination of the food grains had the highest levels of infection and contamination. Maize was infected by more than 11 different genera of 831 different fungi while the wheat seeds were also infected by 8 genera of 768 different molds. Across the study sites, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium and Alternaria were the most predominant fungal genera identified among the study sites. There was more mycotoxin producing fungal genera isolated from those samples of both maize and wheat with high level of contamination. Mycotoxin levels increased with storage time such that maize and wheat samples stored for more than six months may exceed the levels greater than the FDA/WHO regulatory limits. Hence, indicating that maize and wheat consumers in the study area are exposed to the danger of mycotoxin poisoning. Thus, there is the need for policy makers to establish and enforce food grain quality standards and regulations related to molds and mycotoxins across the country and specifically among study area to minimize health hazards related to consumption of contaminated foods.
Anti-Trypanosomal Potential of The Red Sea Soft Coral Nephthea Mollis Supported by Metabolomic Profiling and Molecular Docking Studies
Authors: Allam Khaled M. , Mostafa Yaser A. , Abdelmohsen Usama R. , Khedr Amgad I.M. , Allam Ahmed E. , Fouad Mostafa A. , Elkhayat Ehab S.
Published: November 2021

The total ethanol extract and its derived ethyl acetate fraction of the soft coral Nephthea mollis displayed remarkable in-vitro anti-trypanosomal potential against Trypanosoma brucei with IC50 value of 6.4 and 3.7 (µg/ml, 72 h respectively. Consequently, the total ethanol extract was subjected to LC-HR-ESI-MS metabolomic profiling to discover the constituents that possibly underlie their bioactivities. Therefore, thirty-three secondary metabolites were characterized, among them, sesquiterpenes and diterpenes were found to prevail. In silico modeling was carried out on the dereplicated compounds to provide an insight into their anti-trypanosomal mechanism of action with docking study on ornithine decarboxylase (ORD) which illustrated that five of the dereplicated compounds (‎2-deoxy-12-ethoxy-7-O-methyl lemnacarnol, Nephthenol, ‎4α-O-acetyl-selin-11-en, Eudesma-4,7(11)-diene-8β-ol, and Chabrolidione A) have the highest affinity to the ornithine decarboxylase enzyme. These results highlight the valuable chemical profile of Nephthea mollis as a lead source for anti-trypanosomal natural products.
Generalizability and Quality Control of Deep Learning-Based 2D Echocardiography Segmentation Models in a Large Clinical Dataset
Authors: Zhang XIAOYAN , Cerna Alvaro E. Ulloa , Stough Joshua V. , Chen Yida , Carry Brendan J. , Alsaid Amro , Raghunath Sushravya , vanMaanen David P. , Fornwalt Brandon K. , Haggerty Christopher M.
Published: November 2021

Use of machine learning for automated annotation of heart structures from echocardiographic videos is an active research area, but understanding of comparative, generalizable performance among models is lacking. This study aimed to 1) assess the generalizability of five state-of-the-art machine learning-based echocardiography segmentation models within a large clinical dataset, and 2) test the hypothesis that a quality control (QC) method based on segmentation uncertainty can further improve segmentation results. Five models were applied to 47,431 echocardiography studies that were independent from any training samples. Chamber volume and mass from model segmentations were compared to clinically-reported values. The median absolute errors (MAE) in left ventricular (LV) volumes and ejection fraction exhibited by all five models were comparable to reported inter-observer errors (IOE). MAE for left atrial volume and LV mass were similarly favorable to respective IOE for models trained for those tasks. A single model consistently exhibited the lowest MAE in all five clinically-reported measures. We leveraged the 10-fold cross-validation training scheme of this best-performing model to quantify segmentation uncertainty for potential application as QC. We observed that filtering segmentations with high uncertainty improved segmentation results, leading to decreased volume/mass estimation errors. The addition of contour-convexity filters further improved QC efficiency. In conclusion, five previously published echocardiography segmentation models generalized to a large, independent clinical dataset—segmenting one or multiple cardiac structures with overall accuracy comparable to manual analyses—with variable performance. Convexity-reinforced uncertainty QC efficiently improved segmentation performance and may further facilitate the translation of such models.
A Randomised, Crossover, Clinical Study to Assess Nicotine Pharmacokinetics and Subjective Effects of the BIDI Stick ENDS Compared with Combustible Cigarettes and a Comparator ENDS in Adult Smokers
Authors: Fearon Ian M. , Gilligan Karin , Seltzer Ryan G.N. , McKinney Willie
Published: November 2021

Background: Nicotine pharmacokinetic assessments of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) are crucial to understand their ability to provide an alternative to cigarette smoking. Subjective effects data also strongly contribute to this understanding. The BIDI® Stick is a disposable ENDS product which contains 6% nicotine benzoate salt and various flavours. Methods: In this study we assessed nicotine pharmacokinetic and subjective effects of BIDI® Stick ENDS in adult smokers, compared to cigarettes and a comparator ENDS product. During each of eight (8) study visits, volunteer smoker subjects randomly used one of either their usual brand (UB) of cigarette, a BIDI® Stick ENDS, or a comparator ENDS (JUUL 5% with Virginia Tobacco flavour), during both defined (10 puffs, 30 seconds apart) and ad libitum puffing sessions. Blood samples were collected at various time points and subjective effects questionnaires were administered. Results: Plasma nicotine Cmax 0-120 was not significantly different between BIDI® Stick ENDS with any flavour (range 15.3 (9.90) ng/ml for BIDI® Stick Winter to 17.6 (9.00) ng/ml for BIDI® Stick Classic) and UB cigarettes [16.2 (9.17) ng/ml]. AUC0-120 and Tmax 0-120 values were also not significantly different between BIDI® Stick ENDS and UB cigarettes, while subjective effects measures were also similar between BIDI® Stick ENDS and UB cigarettes. Conclusions: BIDI® Stick ENDS delivered nicotine to users comparably to their UB combustible cigarette and also elicited similar subjective effects such as satisfaction and relief. Thus, the BIDI® Stick ENDS may be a satisfying alternative to cigarettes among current smokers and may support their transitioning away from cigarette smoking. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier number NCT05072925).
Statistical models for pediatric endocrinology
Authors: Madsen Andre
Published: November 2021

Background: Modelling references for biomarkers as reference curves enables calculation of patient z-scores that are adjusted for both gender and covariance with age during childhood.Aim: To establish biomarker reference curves using the ‘LMS’ method previously employed for conventional growth charts.Design, Setting and Participants: Cross-sectional study of healthy Norwegian girls (n=647) and boys (n=465) in ages 6 to 16 years were recruited in the Bergen Growth Study (2016). Blood samples were analyzed using state-of-the-art instruments.Results: Reference curves for several biomarkers were established in the ‘LMS’ framework and provided here for clinical implementation. Conclusion: The ‘LMS’ reference framework is already used to create conventional growth charts and may also be applied in clinical biochemistry.
Monotherapy for Low-Risk Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia with score 5-6
Authors: Kemin Li , Mengpei Zhang , Rutie Yin , Zhengyu Li
Published: November 2021

Objective

To investigate efficacy and safety of monotherapy in low-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) patients with a high FIGO/WHO prognostic score of 5–6.
Methods

The low-risk GTN patients with a high FIGO/WHO prognostic score of 5–6 from January 2012 to December 2019 were enrolled. The study is a retrospective report. Real-world data were used to analyze the efficacy and safety of single-agent chemotherapy and combination chemotherapy in patients with a high FIGO/WHO prognostic score of 5–6.
Results

A total of 224 patients were enrolled, including 75 cases (33.5%) with a FIGO/WHO prognostic score of 5–6. Complete remission was in all patients. Among the 29 cases with a FIGO/WHO prognostic score of 5–6 taking single-agent chemotherapy, 22 cases (75.9%) developed drug resistance, the number of chemotherapy courses was 7.8±2.1, and the number of chemotherapy courses required for β-hCG to return to normal was 5.4±1.8. Among the 46 cases taking combination chemotherapy, 7 patients (15.2%) developed drug resistance, the number of chemotherapy courses was 7.4±2.0, and the number of chemotherapy courses required for β-hCG to return to normal was 4.8±1.6. There was a statistically significant difference in the drug resistance rate between these two subgroups (P < 0.05), but there was not statistically significant difference in the total number of chemotherapy courses or number of chemotherapy courses required for β-hCG to return to normal (<2mIU/ml) (P < 0.05).
Conclusion

Monotherapy showed remarkable advantages in low-risk GTN patients with a FIGO/WHO prognostic score of 5–6.
Spatial-Temporal Characteristics And Influencing Factors of Climatic Growth Period of Chimonophilous Crop In Hexi Oasis During 1960-2019
Authors: lu Juan , Liu Puxing , Zhang Wangxiong , Gao Lei
Published: November 2021

Based on the daily average temperature data of 6 meteorological stations in the Hexi Oasis, Gansu Province, where the chimonophilous crop distribution area is located from 1960 to 2019. The spatio-temporal characteristics and influencing factors of the starting and ending days of the growth period, the number of days, and the effective accumulated temperature (Abbreviated as EAT) of the growing period of the chimonophilous crop in the Hexi Oasis was analyzed by Using climate tendency rate, ArcGIS inverse distance weighted interpolation, Mann-Kendall test, Morlet wavelet analysis, principal component analysis and correlation analysis methods, etc. The results show that there are significant differences in the spatio-temporal changes in the climate growth period of the chimonophilous crop in the Hexi Oasis. It shows a trend of decreasing from southeast to northwest, except for Yongchang (the highest elevation and lowest temperature in Yongchang). The M-K test showed that the growth period termination date was the most sensitive response to climate warming. Wavelet analysis shows the climatic growth period changes of cool-loving crops in the study area coincide with the cycles of atmospheric circulation 2-4a, El Niño 2-7a and sunspot activity quasi-11a.The changes are affected not only by 74 atmospheric circulation factors, but also by geographic parameters such as latitude and altitude, and monthly average temperature. This study provides scientific decision-making and basis support for the development of food and crop security and the improvement of the ability to withstand disasters in the Hexi Oasis. At the same time, it is of important theoretical significance and practical value for coping with climate change and proposing countermeasures for disaster prevention and mitigation.
Performance evaluation of brain tumor detection using watershed Segmentation and thresholding
Authors: Mishra Shruti , Roy Noyonika , Bapat Meghana , Gudipalli Abhishek
Published: November 2021

Brain tumors and cancers are life-threatening diseases to human beings and have been on the rise. If undetected, they are deadly. With the advent of advanced medical technology, it has become imperative to accurately spot and identify these tumors at the earliest.

The manuscript aims at providing an accurate method to detect and segment brain tumors from MRI scans. This is achieved by implementing watershed segmentation and threshold algorithm paired with pre and post image processing techniques. Apart from detecting the tumor region, the proposed process also enhances image quality by noise removal techniques and image quality improvement. These results give promising values when verified using several evaluation parameters such as Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM), Feature Similarity Index Measure (FSIM) and Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and stand out among the other similar pre-existing algorithms that they are compared with in a comparative analysis.
The Diversity of Exoplanets: From Interior Dynamics to Surface Expressions
Authors: Ballmer Maxim D. , Noack Lena
Published: November 2021

The coupled interior–atmosphere system of terrestrial exoplanets remains poorly understood. Exoplanets show a wide variety of sizes, densities, surface temperatures, and interior structures, with important knock-on effects for this coupled system. Many exoplanets are predicted to have a “stagnant lid” at the surface, with a rigid stationary crust, sluggish mantle convection, and only minor volcanism. However, if exoplanets have Earth-like plate tectonics, which involves several discrete, slowly moving plates and vigorous tectono-magmatic activity, then this may be critical for planetary habitability and have implications for the development (and evolution) of life in the galaxy. Here, we summarize our current knowledge of coupled planetary dynamics in the context of exoplanet diversity.
The Air Over There: Exploring Exoplanet Atmospheres
Authors: Schaefer Laura K. , Parmentier Vivien
Published: November 2021

The atmospheric composition for a rocky exoplanet will depend strongly on the planet’s bulk composition and orbital position. Nontraditional gases may be present in the atmospheres of exceptionally hot planets. Atmospheres of more clement planets will depend on the abundance of volatiles acquired during planet formation and atmospheric removal processes, including escape, condensation, and reaction with the surface. To date, observations of exoplanet atmospheres have focused on giant planets, but future space-and ground-based observatories will revolutionize the precision and spectral resolution with which we can probe an exoplanet’s atmosphere. This article consolidates lessons learned from the study of giant planet atmospheres, and points to the observations and challenges on the horizon for terrestrial planets.
ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF INCREASING INVESTMENT CAPACITY OF THE TERRITORY
Authors:   Doctorate Researcher Tashkent State University of Economics Islam Karimov 49 100003 Tashkent, Uzbekistan., Kobuljon Beknazarovich Tursunov
Published: November 2021

The article explores the possibilities of increasing the investment potential of the region, the importance of marketing strategy in increasing the investment potential of the region, the effectiveness of the investment climate in Navairegion of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Assessed using the McKinsey matrix and outlined suggestions and recommendations for the future.
PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS OF SHEEP LIVESTOCK BUSINESS WITH INTEREST-FREE PARTNERSHIP MODEL IN BEKASI DISTRICT
Authors:   Department of Agroindustrial Engineering, IPB University, Dramaga, PO Box 220, Bogor, West Jaya, Indonesia., a Sodikun , b Sukardi ,   Department of Agroindustrial Engineering, IPB University, Dramaga, PO Box 220, Bogor, West Jaya, Indonesia., Ismayana Andes ,   Department of Agroindustrial Engineering, IPB University, Dramaga, PO Box 220, Bogor, West Jaya, Indonesia., Anggraeni Elisa ,   Department of Agroindustrial Engineering, IPB University, Dramaga, PO Box 220, Bogor, West Jaya, Indonesia.
Published: November 2021

The purposes of this studiesare to analyze the implementation of partnership model in thesheep livestock with measure the level of profit and the value of the R/C ratio obtained in the interest-free partnership model of sheep livestock. Currently, sheep livestock are still doing their business in the traditional way, with limited funding. Many breeders use burdensome financing for themselves. Analysis of several models will get the most profitable model. Descriptive analysis aims to describe the implementation of the established partnership. Based on the results of the analysis, the implementation of the partnership model that was carried out was considered good, because there were requirements, an agreement between the two partners, and a clear mechanism for implementing the partnership model in the sheep livestock. However, there is no written agreement regarding the partnership because it only applies the principle of mutual trust. Sheep rearing techniques start from finding feed, providing feed, cleaning the cage, bathing the sheep, to shearing the sheep. While the difference between the three models applied is in the effect of the partnership on the use of drugs and marketing. Based on the results of the analysis of the benefits obtained in the three applied models, the SDK1 model shows a high total profit and a high R/C ratio. Overall, the business of fattening sheep without usury that is run in both SDK1, SDK2, and SDK3 has its own advantages and disadvantages.
VEHICLE FLEET MANAGEMENT PRACTICES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors:   Department of Logistics & Transport, ZESA Head Office, Zimbabwe., Promise Chiparo John , Tukuta Marian ,   Department of Supply Chain Management, Chinhoyi University of Technology, Zimbabwe., Musanzikwa Michael ,   Department of Corporate Government Unit, State Enterprise, Reform & Procurement, Zimbabwe.
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this paper reviews the influence of Vehicle Fleet Management Practices, (VFMP). A systematic review of papers was performed analysing 56 articles from year 2014 to 2021. Vehicle Fleet Management Practices research has garnered interest from both academics and industrialists in both the public and private sector. This is demonstrated by the increasing number of academic papers published in recent years. The article discusses interesting findings, suggests and lays down a number of directions for future research. In addition, limitations of this work are presented. The conclusion of this study provides sufficient evidence on the need for further research addressing the interaction between vehicle fleet management practices and service delivery in public entities.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL, CLINICAL AND THERAPEUTIC PROFILE OF CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS IN THE PROVINCE OF ESSAOUIRA-MOROCCO
Authors:   Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cadi AAYAD University, Marrakesh, Morocco., Darfaoui Loubna , Sahm Meriem ,   Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cadi AAYAD University, Marrakesh, Morocco., Ait Lahcen Zakarya ,   Provincial Health Delegation from Essaouira., Ratbi Mohamed ,   Provincial Health Delegation from Essaouira., Moutaj Redouane ,   Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cadi AAYAD University, Marrakesh, Morocco., Mostafa El. Mezouari El. ,   Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cadi AAYAD University, Marrakesh, Morocco.
Published: November 2021

Leishmaniasis is a group of parasitic, tropical diseases caused by flagellate protozoa belonging to the genus Leishmania. These parasites affect several mammalian species, including man, to which they are transmitted by the bite of an insect vector, the sandfly. They are widespread in many countries, including the countries of the Mediterranean region. In Morocco, it is a persistent public health problem despite the development and implementation of a control program. Our work is a retroprospective study of leishmaniasis cases observed in the Essaouira province over a period of 5 years (from 01/10/2016 to 31/12/2020). The objective of this study is to develop the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic profile of this disease with an analytical comparison with other works and researches. 598 cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis were collected and no cases of visceral leishmaniasis. The age group most affected by cutaneous leishmaniasis is the one between 0-5 years old with 147 cases (25.00%) with an average age of 22.70 years. Similarly, a predominance of the female sex was observed with 58.19% of females versus 41.80% of males. The majority of cases were recorded in rural areas. The commune most affected is El-hanchan with a total of 149 cases, or 24.92% of the total cases observed. The epidemiological profile of leishmaniasis in Morocco seems to be gradually reached that of Mediterranean countries characterized by an increase in the number of cases and the emergence of new homes so far free of the parasite. Hence, the need for actions to combat well codified and adapted to different types of leishmaniasis. The measures undertaken in the framework of control program established in Morocco, have been evaluated on a permanent basis in order to develop and adapt them to the evolution of leishmaniasis in the province.
PARVOVIRUS B19 INDUCED MYOCARDITIS, SIMULATING ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors:   Cardiology Resident., Rajge Harshad , Kale Keshav ,   Cardiology, Professor., Bhatwal Niti ,   Internal Medicine Resident., Kane G.R. ,   Cardiology Professor and Head.
Published: November 2021

Myocarditis is an inflammation of the myocardium associated with mechanical or electrical dysfunctions that usually lead to inappropriate ventricular dilatation or hypertrophy. A number of inciting factors are known to cause myocarditis- genetic defects, viruses, bacteria, parasites, granulomatous inflammations, collagen vascular disorders, chemotherapeutic agents- to name a few. Among the viruses, Adenovirus, Coxsackie virus, Human Herpes virus six and Parvovirus B19 are the encountered pathogens. We hereby present a case of a 14 years old boy who presented with typical cardiac chest pain associated with electrocardiographic changes of ST segment elevation MI in theinferior leads. Cardiac biomarkers were elevated, adding to the diagnostic confusion of MI. On subjecting the patient to a coronary angiography, his arteries were found to be patent, directing us towards the diagnosis of myocarditis. After getting a cardiac MRI and serum tests, the diagnosis of fulminant myocarditis induced by Parvovirus B19 was made. Fortunately, the patient survived on inotropes and other supportive therapy which helped him overcome the cardiac failure.
A NEW VARIETY OFTHOTTEASIVARAJANII(ARISTOLOCHIACEAE) FROMWESTERN GHATS, INDIA
Authors:   Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram 695562, Kerala, India., Nazarudeen A. , Rajkumar G. ,   Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram 695562, Kerala, India., Alister M. ,   Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram 695562, Kerala, India.
Published: November 2021

Thotteasivarajaniivar.anamalaianavar.nov., discovered from theAnamalaihills of Western Ghats, India is described and illustrated. The woody habit,comparatively less pubescent inflorescence and flowers, glabrous stem, petiole and fruits,highly reducedstaminodes, prominent bracts and bracteolesetc. are some of the characteristics that delimit thisvariety from the species proper.
FLOW MEDIATED DILATATION, CAROTID INTIMA MEDIA THICKNESS, ANKLE BRACHIAL PRESSURE INDEX AND PULSE PRESSURE IN YOUNG MALE POST MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION PATIENTS
Authors:   Indira Gandhi Government Medical College, Nagpur., Goskulwar Sagar , Bitey Shobhana ,   Associate Professor, Indira Gandhi Government Medical College, Nagpur.
Published: November 2021

Introduction:Due to increase in Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) at a younger age, we should try to diagnose atherosclerotic process and population at risk, at the earliest. Flow Mediated Dilatation (FMD), Carotid Intima-Media Thickness (CIMT) and Ankle-Brachial Pressure Index (ABI) are probable markers for early atherosclerosis and may be useful in coronary risk stratification Objectives: To compare and correlate the FMD, CIMT, ABI and Pulse Pressure (PP) in young male patients of Myocardial Infarction (MI) with age and sex matched healthy controls Method50 patients of MI aged Ã¢Â‰Â¤45 years, who presented to iccu of Department of Medicine Indira Gandhi medical college Nagpur India, were recruited consecutively for this case control study and same number of age and sex matched healthy controls were also analyzed. 3 days after Myocardial infarction FMD of the brachial artery, intima media thickness of carotid artery, ABPI and PP were measured in the cases and compared with healthy control Results: The FMD was lower among young patients of MI than controls . CIMT was higher among cases than controls . ABI was lower among cases than controls . Compared to controls, PP was higher among cases . In all subjects, a negative correlation between FMD and CIMT and a positive correlation between FMD and ABPI was found. A statistically significant negative correlation was found between endothelial dependent FMD and PP among cases and control groups Conclusion: Biophysical parameters were deranged in young post MI patients. Majority of our young male patients fell in low risk Framingham risk score but still they manifested with CAD. Despite 3 days of treatment among young male patients of MI, various biophysical parameters were stillderanged.
Influence of world stock markets on the development of the stock market in Ukraine
Authors: Shkolnyk Inna , Frolov Serhiy , Orlov Volodymyr , Dziuba Viktoriia , Balatskyi Yevgen
Published: November 2021

Viewing the development of the stock market in Ukraine, the economy, which world financial organizations characterize as small and open, is largely determined by the trends formed by the global stock markets and leading stock exchanges. Therefore, the study aims to analyze Ukraine’s stock market, the world stock market, stock markets in the regions, and to assess their mutual influence. The study uses the data of the World Federation of Exchanges and National Securities and Stock Market Commission (Ukraine) from 2015 to 2020. Stock market performance forecasts are built using triple exponential smoothing. Based on pairwise correlation coefficients, the existence of a significant dependence in the development of the world stock market on the development of the American stock market was determined. Regarding the Ukrainian stock exchanges, only SE “PFTS” demonstrated its dependence on the US stock market. The results of the regression model based on an exponentially smoothed series of trading volumes in all markets showed that variations in the volume of trading on the world stock market are due to the situation on the US stock markets. Trading volume dynamics on Ukrainian stock exchanges such as SE “PFTS” and SE “Perspektiva” is almost 50% determined by the development of stock markets in the American region. Although Ukraine is geographically located in Europe, the results show a lack of significant links and the impacts of stock markets in this region on the major Ukrainian stock exchanges and the stock market as a whole.
SOSYAL POLİTİKALARDA YAŞLI VE YAŞLANAN GÖÇMENLERİ YENİDEN TARTIŞMAK: AVRUPA ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: PALAZ Ferhan
Published: November 2021

Göç ve yaşlanma, günümüz dünyasında toplumsal yapıyı ve nüfusu şekillendiren iki önemli dinamiktir. Bunların kesişimine işaret eden bir kavram olarak ulusötesi yaşlanmayı ele alan çalışmaların sayısı son yıllarda artmaktadır. Bu makalenin amacı, her iki demografik sürecin sonuçlarının da görünür olduğu Avrupa örneğinde yaşlı ve yaşlanan göçmenleri hedefleyen sosyal politikaları ele almaktır. Bu amaçla sosyal politikalarda yaşlı ve yaşlanan göçmenlere yönelik literatür değerlendirilmiştir. Bu bağlamda öncelikle sosyal politikalarda bu grubun nasıl tanımlanacağı sorusu tartışılmıştır. Bu tanım çerçevesinde yaşlı ve yaşlanan göçmenlerin nasıl kategorize edilebileceği ve bu kategorileri etkileyen yapısal faktörler olarak ekonomik sistemler, refah rejimleri, göç politikaları, vatandaşlık politikaları ve emeklilik sistemleri incelenmiştir. Ardından kritik uygulama alanları belirlenip şu dört tema altında toplanarak sosyal politika önerileri tartışmaya açılmıştır: 1) sağlık ve sosyal bakım, 2) hizmet sağlayıcıların eğitimi, 3) kümülatif dezavantaj olarak cinsiyet ve 4) aktif yaşlanma. Makale yaşlı ve yaşlanan göçmenleri hedefleyen sosyal politikalarda; farklı göçmen grupların homojenleştirmemesinin önemli olduğu, yaşam seyri boyunca biriken ve yaşlılık döneminde önemli sonuçlara sahip olan kümülatif dezavantajların ve ulusötesi yaşlanma pratiklerinin dikkate alınması gerektiği sonuçlarına ulaşmıştır.
ULUSLARARASI GÖÇTE GEÇİCİ KORUMA POLİTİKASININ POLİTİKA TRANSFERİ ÇERÇEVESİNDE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI ANALİZİ: ALMANYA, HOLLANDA VE TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: TOPCU Emel , ÖZBEK Cumali
Published: November 2021

Uluslararsı geçici koruma politikasının ortaya çıkış süreci, uygulanan asgarî standartlar ve bunların kapsamı Almanya, Hollanda örnekleri üzerinden analizler yapılarak politika transferi bağlamında incelenmiştir. Çalışma, 2013 yılında çıkarılan 6458 sayılı Yabancılar ve Uluslararası Koruma Kanunu çerçevesinde, özellikle 2011 sonrası Türkiye’ye gelen geçici koruma altındaki Suriyelilerin durumlarını düzenlemek üzere oluşturulan geçici koruma uygulaması politika transferi çerçevesinde ele alınmıştır.
Çalışmanın amacı; Türkiye’nin uygulamakta olduğu geçici koruma politikasının hangi ülkeden esinlenilerek transfer edildiğini ve politika transferi derecelerinden olan “kopyalama”, “adaptasyon”, “melezleştirme”, “sentez” ve “esinlenme” durumlarından hangisinin uygulandığını anlamaktır. Çalışma ile Avrupa’daki geçici koruma politikalarının örnek uygulamaları (Almanya, Hollanda ve Türkiye) incelenecek olup, politikaların benzerlikleri ve asgarî standartları karşılaştırmalı analiz yöntemi ile ortaya çıkarılacaktır. Çalışma verileri literatür taraması, dökümantasyon/metin incelemesi ile toplanırken veri analizi karşılaştırma yöntemi ile yapılmıştır. Bu çalışma, alanında akademik araştırmaların az ve yetersiz olması nedeniyle gelecekteki araştırmalara rehberlik ve kaynaklık etmesi açısından önemlidir.
Araştırmanın çıktılarına göre; Türkiye’deki geçici koruma politikasının Duldung ve TROO’dan etkilenmiş bir politika olduğu ve politika transferi derecelerinden olan esinlenme ve öykünme ile melez (karma) bir yapıda olduğu karşılaştırmalı yöntemler ile ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu çerçevede bu uygulamanın, nereden, nasıl alınarak Türkiye’de uygulanmaya başlanmış olduğu analiz edilirken, gelecekte yeni bölgelere transfer edilmesi ve geliştirilmesi konusunda bir adım atılmış olacaktır.
Costo económico de la mortalidad por cáncer de pulmón asociado al material particulado en el área de Lima Metropolitana
Authors: Diaz Sabrina Estefanía , Silva Cindy , Mogollón Raymundo Jesús , Orihuela Carlos Enrique
Published: November 2021

El cáncer de pulmón es una enfermedad respiratoria que presenta el mayor número de diagnósticos durante los últimos años, siendo la causa más común de muerte por cáncer a nivel mundial.  Además del tabaquismo, las altas concentraciones de material particulado han aumentado significativamente los registros de esta enfermedad principalmente en países en desarrollo con grandes poblaciones. En Lima Metropolitana (LM), el cáncer de pulmón corresponde a la segunda causa de muerte por cáncer y, si bien se han aplicado medidas regulatorias que intentan mitigar la contaminación del aire, poco se ha estudiado sobre el costo económico asociado a esta enfermedad. Por ello, este estudio contribuye a la literatura mediante la estimación del costo económico del cáncer de pulmón como consecuencia de las concentraciones de material particulado en LM, durante el periodo 2010-2019. Para ello, se utilizaron los factores de la función concentración-respuesta a fin de estimar el número de casos de mortalidad por cáncer de pulmón asociados a la concentración de material particulado. Los resultados indican que el costo fluctuó entre 0,037% y 0,122 % del Producto Bruto Interno de LM. A pesar de que este porcentaje es relativamente bajo, se ha incrementado aproximadamente un 8,6% a lo largo del período y, por tanto, es importante atender este problema con la aplicación de políticas públicas adecuadas, tanto en el ámbito de salud como el ambiental.
Comparative Efficacy and Safety Study of Darbepoetin Alfa versus
Epoetin Alfa in Management of Anemia Associated with ESRD in
Egyptian Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Ibrahim Amera O. , El-Ashmawy Nahla E. , Khedr Eman G. , Kotb Nahla S. , Salem Fathi
Published: November 2021

Background:

Anemia is one of the most common complications of Chronic Kidney Disease
(CKD). The vast majority of Egyptian CKD patients are interchangeably treated with Darbepoetin
Alfa (DPA) and Epoetin Alfa (EPA) to achieve and maintain target hemoglobin levels. Our
study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of DPA versus EPA for managing anemia amongst
Egyptian patients with CKD undergoing dialysis.

Methods:

A multicenter, open label, randomized, prospective, parallel study was conducted. Patients
with CKD undergoing dialysis with Hb level < 10 g/dl were enrolled. The primary efficacy
endpoint was the change in hemoglobin concentration at the evaluation period (weeks 20-24). Prespecified
adverse events of interest following administration, including blood transfusions requirement,
blood pressure and hemoglobin excursions, the relationship between C - Reactive Protein
(CRP) and hemoglobin, were assessed.

Results:

Only 98 of 104 enrolled patients completed the study, fifty patients received EPA, and 48
patients received DPA. Our results showed that a significantly higher percentage of patients who
achieved target Hb level ≥ 11 g/dL in DPA treated group vs. EPA as well as the meantime to
achieve Hb level ≥ 10 g/dL was shorter in DPA treated group. Safety profiles of both treatments
were similar. A negative correlation was observed between serum CRP and hemoglobin level in hemodialysis
patients.

Conclusion:

Our study showed that DPA was more effective and well tolerated in achieving and
maintaining Hb levels with lower dosing frequency compared to EPA. Furthermore, CRP is recommended
to be routinely measured where patients with higher CRP require high ESA doses.
Chronological Age Assessment Based on the Root Pulp Visibility in Lower Third Molars in a Group of Thai Population: Panoramic Radiographic Study
Authors: Tantanapornkul Weeraya , Kaomongkolgit Ruchadaporn , Tohnak Sirilawan , Deepho Chutamas , Chansamat Ronnayut
Published: November 2021

Background:

Radiographic visibility of the root pulp in lower third molars is one of the reliable methodologies for chronological age estimation.

Objective:

To evaluate the radiographic visibility of the lower third molar root pulp using digital panoramic radiographs of the Thai population, and determine the appropriation of this technique in age assessment, especially at the age of 18 years.

Methods:

A total of 746 digital panoramic radiographs of the Thai population aged from 16 to 26 years were recruited for the present study. The visibility of root pulp of lower third molars with completed root formation was recorded in the four stages. Descriptive statistics were performed for each stage in both males and females.

Results:

The first appearance of stage 0 is 16.71 years in males and 17.00 years in females. The minimum age of stage 1 was found at 17.08 years in males and 17.18 years in females. The beginning of stage 2 was 18.33 years in males and 18.17 years in females. For stage 3, the earliest presence was started at 18.58 years in males and 18.83 years in females.

Conclusion:

The occurrence of stages 2 or 3 in both males and females indicated that the subject is over 18 years of age. Further study on the Thai population should be conducted to confirm the results of the present study.