bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Мониторинг состояния коммуникационных сетей на основе облачных вычислений в режиме реального времени
Authors: Амоа К.А.Ж. , Сидоренко Е.В. , Рындин Н.А.
Published: February 2025

При создании коммуникационной сети неизбежно возникают различные помехи, негативно сказывающиеся на ее эффективности. Отсутствие мер по устранению таких помех затрудняет оптимизацию сети. Среди проблем, вызванных помехами, проблема их блокировки является одной из наиболее существенных. Эта неразрешенная проблема может сделать невозможным успешное проектирование сети. Для решения проблем, связанных с тем, что традиционный метод имеет длительное время отклика на мониторинг перегрузки сети связи, а эффект обнаружения не идеален, предлагается метод мониторинга в реальном времени, основанный на облачных вычислениях для блокировки сети связи. Во-первых, устанавливается точка мониторинга сети связи, и приемник завершает процесс сбора коммуникационных данных. На основе собранных данных выполняется постоянный расчет трафика для определения наличия аварийного состояния блокировки в канале сети связи и определения точного местоположения точки блокировки. Таким образом, информация генерирует тревожное сообщение для получения результатов мониторинга. Экспериментально проанализированы время работы в режиме реального времени и точность метода мониторинга. Установлено, что метод мониторинга позволяет контролировать время задержки в пределах 0,2 с, а частота ошибок мониторинга является низкой.

When creating a communication network, various obstacles inevitably arise that negatively affect its effectiveness. The lack of measures to eliminate such interference makes it difficult to optimize the network. Among the problems caused by interference, the problem of blocking them is one of the most significant. This unresolved issue may make successful network design impossible. In order to solve the problems that the traditional method has a long response time to monitor the congestion of the communication network and the detection effect is not ideal, a real-time monitoring method based on cloud computing for blocking the communication network is proposed. Firstly, a communication network monitoring point is established, and the receiver completes the communication data collection process. Based on the collected data, continuous traffic calculation is performed to determine whether there is an emergency blocking state in the communication network channel and determine the exact location of the blocking point. In this way, the information generates an alarm message to obtain the monitoring results. The real-time running time and the accuracy of the monitoring method are experimentally analyzed. It is found that the monitoring method can control the delay time within 0.2 s, and the monitoring error rate is low.
Higher-level Strategies for Computer-Aided Retrosynthesis
Authors: Roh Jihye , Joung Joonyoung F. , Yu Kevin , Tu Zhengkai , Bartholomew G. Logan , Santiago-Reyes Omar A. , Fong Mun Hong , Sarpong Richmond , Reisman Sarah E. , Coley Connor W.
Published: February 2025

Retrosynthesis is a core technique in organic chemistry that involves simplifying target molecules into more readily available components. Computer-aided synthesis planning (CASP) tools automate this process by recursively proposing immediate precursors of molecules to identify multistep synthetic pathways. However, the application of CASP tools becomes particularly challenging for complex molecules due to the increased length of synthetic pathways and the increased number of possible disconnections. We introduce a novel framework for computer-aided retrosynthesis, higher-level retrosynthesis, that focuses on the broader retrosynthetic strategy. We abstract the detailed substructures in the intermediates of a synthetic pathway that do not appear in the target product, allowing our algorithm to emphasize the general, higher-level strategies instead of considering the specifics of chemically-equivalent functional groups. We demonstrate the empirical effectiveness of our approach with higher success rates in single- and multi-step retrosynthetic planning. We further underscore the practical utility of our framework through case studies involving complex drugs and natural products, illustrating how proposed retrosynthetic strategies can be effectively mapped to complete retrosynthetic plans. Ultimately, focusing on higher-level strategies in computer-aided retrosynthesis enhances its effectiveness and enables chemists to leverage their expertise to improve the synthesis design process.
A Zirconium-based Metal–Organic Framework as an Effective Green Catalyst for the Synthesis of Biodiesel
Authors: Duarte Michelle P. , Diniz Clara V. , Bicalho Hudson A. , Naccache Rafik , Howarth Ashlee J.
Published: February 2025

CAU-28 (CAU = Christian-Albrechts-University) is a zirconium-based metal–organic framework (MOF) that was first dis-covered in 2017. In addition to its biorenewable linker and green synthesis, which uses a microwave for only 2 hours, this MOF also features high thermal and chemical stability, surface area, and porosity. The hexanuclear zirconium clusters in CAU-28 are connected to only eight furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid linkers, resulting in four open metal sites per cluster. These open metal sites display Lewis acidic properties and can be taken advantage of for many applications, including catalysis. In this work, we demonstrate the high potential of CAU-28 as a green catalyst to produce biodiesel through esterification reactions. Under optimized catalytic conditions, CAU-28 is able to convert oleic acid to its fatty acid methyl ester counterpart with high selectivity, using a catalyst loading of only 5 wt.% and 1:24 molar ratio of oleic acid:methanol, at 90 °C for 90 min. Furthermore, the catalyst also shows high stability, maintaining its activity for three reaction cycles.
Selective Arylation of Se vs. S by Gold Compounds: Consequences for GPx Inhibition and A375 Sensitivity
Authors: Kanavos Ioannis , Nakahata Douglas , Barrett Madeleine , Ferreira dos Santos Ancély , Zubiria-Ulacia Maria , Pieslinger German , da Silva Teixeira Ana Beatriz , Rocha Clarissa , Eberle Jonas , Lobinski Ryszard , Matxain Jon , Hall Matthew , Friedmann Angeli José Pedro , Arnér Elias , Ronga Luisa , de Paiva Raphael
Published: February 2025

In this study, cyclometallated gold(III) compounds were evaluated for their capability to promote C-Se coupling reactions under biocompatible conditions, and their chemoselectivity towards selenium-containing substrates compared to sulfur-containing analogs. The compounds exhibited varying degrees of selectivity towards selenium-containing compounds, with [Au(bnopy)Cl₂] showing rapid C-Se bond formation. Competitive reactions with selenium and sulfur substrates highlighted the preference for selenium, especially for [Au(Mephpy)Cl₂], even in the presence of excess sulfur substrates. This selectivity was further confirmed in selenopeptide models mimicking the GPx active site, where arylation of selenocysteine was observed. The compounds were further investigated as inhibitors of selenoprotein glutathione peroxidase (GPx) isoenzymes, specifically GPx1 and GPx4. The six-membered metallacycles [Au(bnpy)Cl₂] and [Au(bnopy)Cl₂] exhibited potent inhibition of the GPx1 isoenzyme, particularly when co-incubated with reducing agents, while in vitro GPx4 inhibition was overall less pronounced. Notably, [Au(Mephpy)Cl₂] showed inhibition of GPx1 with no cross-inhibition of the non-selenoprotein glutathione reductase (GR). LC/MS studies identified selenocysteine (Sec51) as the primary arylation site on GPx1 by [Au(bnpy)Cl₂], highlighting its chemoselectivity. Finally, we demonstrated that the selectivity towards Sec could also be translated to an intracellular setting, using a A375 GPx4 WT cell line and an A375 GPx4 U46C mutant. Viability assays revealed a modest decrease in the IC50 for GPx4 WT cells compared to U46C mutants for both [Au(bnpy)Cl₂] and [Au(Mephpy)Cl₂]. More clearly, a proliferation assay over six days showed greater effect in GPx4 WT cells compared to the U46C mutant when treated with [Au(Mephpy)Cl₂], an effect further enhanced by co-treatment with iFSP1. This indicates a GPx4 Sec-dependent response to treatment in A375 cells and warrants further mechanistic studies.
Testing of particulate photocatalysts for water splitting
Authors: Brezhneva Nadzeya , Schneidewind Jacob
Published: February 2025

Light-driven water splitting using particulate photocatalysts could enable low-cost production of solar fuels, if sufficiently active, stable and efficient catalysts are developed. However, to enable continuous progress in this direction, it is crucial that photocatalysts are tested using reproducible and insightful experimental protocols. Herein, we describe a simple protocol that also works with small reaction volumes, allowing for explorative testing of photocatalysts that are only available in limited amounts. At the same time, all crucial experimental parameters (e.g. reaction temperature, irradiation intensity) are precisely measured and controlled and reaction products, such as oxygen, can be measured in situ. The protocol covers preparation of the photocatalyst dispersion, details regarding the experimental set- up, the procedure for irradiation experiments, measurement of product formation (for oxygen, hydrogen and hydrogen peroxide) and corresponding data analysis.
Post-synthetic breaking of inversion symmetry in metal complex-based host–guest systems
Authors: Shi Yuxin , Iwai Yuudai , Le Ouay Benjamin , Ohba Masaaki , Ohtani Ryo
Published: February 2025

Breaking of inversion symmetry is a significant structural transition that gives rise to high-electrical and optical functionalities in solid-state materials. In general, it is difficult to intentionally break the inversion symmetry of structures by material synthesis. However, recent advances in host–guest chemistry dealing with molecular-based materials have demonstrated several methods for controlling the inversion symmetry of hosts by guests. This post-synthetic dynamic manipulation produces not only polarity switching but also further multifunctionalities of host–guest composites. This study reviews studies on guest-responsive polar materials, which are categorized into five groups: (1) guest adsorption, (2) desorption, (3) exchange control of inversion symmetry, (4) temperature-driven polar transition of composites, and (5) enhancement of polarity by guests. By summarizing these symmetry breaking mechanisms, we provide insights into the rational design of materials with switchable polarity.
Tax Risk Dynamics and Tax Planning Activity Nexus: Evidence From Banks in Ghana
Authors: Boateng K. , Omane-Antwi K. B. , Queku Y. N.
Published: February 2025

Purpose: This study investigates the tax risk tax planning nexus of banks in Ghana. The paper explores the multidimensionality of tax risk and its consequences for tax planning activity.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Due to data availability and completeness, the study used a purposive sampling technique to sample 20 banks. The study focused on the universal banks in Ghana, with data from 2008 to 2022 generated from the audited financial statements, interpolated into monthly frequencies, and analysed using the Generalised Method of Moment to test the nexus.
Research Limitation: Although the findings presented in this study are grounded in the Ghanaian context, their implications extend beyond the Ghanaian setting. Also, while there are other equally important branches of the financial sector, the study only concentrated on the banking sector.
Findings: The findings show that differential/avoidance tax risk and rolling tax risk significantly positively affect the cash-effective tax rate. Therefore, it is concluded that a high tax risk reduces banks' aggressive tax planning activities in Ghana.
Practical Implication: A perceived high tax risk could lead to a high tax-paying culture. The tax authority should enforce regulatory sanctions to elicit high corporate tax compliance and improve this culture.
Social Implication: A high tax risk could result in increased tax revenue obligations, improving tax revenues for providing essential services like employment, education, healthcare, and infrastructure.
Originality/ Value: The study is one of the foundational studies in the Ghanaian setting to explore tax risk dynamics as antecedents of tax planning activity. By extending the empirical analyses to the banking sector, the study has not only recognised the heterogeneous characteristics of tax but also provides a unique understanding of the relationship from the banking sector where empirical evidence is virtually absent.
Antinomias y contingencias. Perspectivas críticas sobre el progreso
Authors: Villalobos Manjarrez Alberto
Published: February 2025

Este texto consiste en el desarrollo de dos discursos críticos sobre el proyecto del progreso que, a pesar de tener bases filosóficas distintas, están vinculados por la necesidad de cuestionar radicalmente el despliegue de la modernidad capitalista. Por una parte, se trata de la crítica del progreso, propuesta por Theodor W. Adorno, cuyo referente filosófico principal es la dialéctica de G. W. F. Hegel; por otra, la noción de progreso es desarticulada a través de la concepción de la historia de Manuel de Landa, la cual se basa en la ontología de Gilles Deleuze y en la ciencia histórica de Fernand Braudel. Así también, en este trabajo se propone la tesis sobre que ambos discursos críticos del progreso convergen ante un desafío común: el tipo de relación que las prácticas sociales deben sostener con la naturaleza si su finalidad es romper con la dominación y la destructividad que acompañan al devenir de la modernidad capitalista.
El principio de contexto: de Frege a Wittgenstein
Authors: Wischin Kurt
Published: February 2025

El canon filosófico occidental usualmente le atribuye a Gottlob Frege la invención del cálculo lógico, de la estructura axiomática de la lógica proposicional y de la lógica de predicados. De la misma manera, también lo designa como el creador de la lógica contemporánea, después de 2 400 años del dominio de la silogística aristotélica. Sin embargo, otros aspectos de su planteamiento, que no tienen elementos correspondientes en el paradigma actual de la filosofía analítica, frecuentemente se ignoran. Este trabajo se basa en la idea fundamental de que estudiar a Frege únicamente como precursor de puntos de vista filosóficos actuales es insuficiente para entender su obra y se ignoran aspectos de su filosofía que por razones históricas se perdieron en el desarrollo posterior de la filosofía del siglo xx. Comparto esta idea con muchos otros autores, el primero es quizá Hans Sluga en su obra Gottlob Frege, de 1980. Para ilustrar la manera en que la discusión actual de Frege frecuentemente falla en el sentido referido, se estudia aquí la transición del principio de contexto de Frege a Wittgenstein y algunos ejemplos de su discusión en la literatura secundaria.
DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES OF SELECTIVE BREEDING IN COW: A REVIEW
Authors: Bhandari Gayatri , Shahi Priya , Chand Archana , B.K Prabin , Sharma Surya Prasad
Published: February 2025

Selective breeding in cows has been practiced in the past for different desirable traits in animals. In recent decades, it has led to a tremendous increase in milk yield. Along with its increase in yielding capacity, it has become one of the prominent factors leading to different diseases, disorders, declining longevity, mastitis problems, increased lameness, and other metabolic effects. On the one hand, selective breeding has been an effective management tool in maintaining diversity in breeds while on the other hand because of several associated effects, has caused many problems. This review thus focuses on the diverse perspectives of selective breeding in cows. This paper aims to address and improve the selection scenarios in various programs. Different journals were searched and studied on related topics before starting the review. The journals were selected from different parts of the world randomly visualizing the overall conditions of cows while doing selective breeding. Generally, people focus on the yielding capacity of cows neglecting other health traits, and the fertility state has been inviting a bigger problem. But now, in many countries, only the yield factor is not considered but rather includes fertility, conformation, efficiency, and health of cows along with the incorporation of many developed technologies. According to the preference of the breed, important differences can be found in farming systems in breeding goals and various breeding scenarios. If it is to consider the breeding programs without leading to the extinction of local breeds then sure there is a chance that breeds can be well preserved effectively but the technologies used must maintain the naturalness of breeding and the breed must fit the existing farming system.
ASCITES SYNDROME IN POULTRY AND ITS MANAGEMENT
Authors: Khanal Rashok , Singh Subir , Subedi Alina
Published: February 2025

Ascites syndrome (AS) remains a significant challenge in the poultry industry, causing substantial financial losses globally despite extensive research efforts. This review highlights the multifactorial nature of AS, emphasizing its complex interplay between genetics, environment, and management practices. Intense selection for rapid growth and enhanced feed conversion efficiency in modern broiler lines has led to metabolic disorders, including AS. The syndrome, characterized by pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy, results from an imbalance between oxygen demand and supply, particularly evident in cold climates or when birds are fed high-nutrient diets. The partnership between primary breeders and integrators is crucial for disease control, necessitating the selection of genetic traits that confer resistance to AS while optimizing animal welfare and productivity. Additionally, historical instances of AS outbreaks, such as the “toxic fat syndrome,” underscore the need for continued vigilance and global collaboration in AS research and management. Despite advancements, AS remains a persistent challenge, highlighting the ongoing need for comprehensive approaches to disease prevention and control in poultry production systems.
TICKS AND PREVALENCE OF TICK-BORNE PATHOGENS IN DOGS OF KATHMANDU VALLEY
Authors: Biswakarma Manoj , Aryal Arjun
Published: February 2025

The study was conducted from November, 2016 to February, 2017 to assess ticks and tick-borne pathogens in dogs in Kathmandu valley. The total of 411 ticks specimen was collected from different body parts of dog and blood samples were collected from same tick infested 100 dogs (54 owner and 46 street dogs). Parasitological procedures were followed for collection and identification of ticks. All tick samples were kept in tubes with 70% alcohol and 5% glycerine so that they could be identified under a stereomicroscope. Dog blood tests were used to check for hemoparasites using the blood smear method. The findings demonstrated that all of the tick samples that were gathered belonged to the same species, Rhipicephalus sanguineus. It is the most prevalent canine ectoparasite in the globe.The result indicated that the favourable predilection sites of Rh. sanguineus ticks were more in the region of the back (38%) followed by the inter-digital space (18%), neck (17%), shoulder (14%), head (8%), ears (4%) and less frequent on thigh (1%). The overall prevalence of haemoparasites was 5% with: Anaplasma spp. (3%), Babesia spp. (1%) and Anaplasma spp. and Ehrlichia canis (1%). There was significant variation (p < 0.05) in the prevalence of haemoparasites and degree of tick infestation. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) of haemoparasites in relation to sex (Male 8.33% and Female 1.92%), age groups (<2years 6.25%, 2-4 years 5.36% and >4 years3.57%) and ownership (Owner 7.41% and street dogs 2.17%).
PERCEPTION OF NON-BEEKEEPERS TOWARDS BEE AND BEE FORAGE (RAPESEED CROP) FOR APIS MELLIFERA LINNAEUS, 1758: A CASE OF KHAIRAHANI MUNICIPALITY, CHITWAN
Authors: Chhetri P. , Amgai S.
Published: February 2025

Beekeeping has been practiced in Nepal since time immemorial. It is one of the key enterprises with the potential to generate income and employment in the terai, high, and mountain districts of Nepal. Bees, especially Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758 are migrated from one place to another, from one district to another for forage in Nepal. Despite this fact, while carrying out these practices of bee migration for forage beekeepers suffer from many difficulties in the forage area where migrated bees are kept. The study analyzes the perception of non-beekeepers towards bee and bee forage (Rapeseed crop) in Chitwan district using a simple random sampling of 30 respondents from Khairahani Municipality Ward No. 7. The survey was conducted in the last week of November 2023. Data obtained from a semi-structured questionnaire were subjected to descriptive analysis. 46.67 percent of non-beekeepers in that locality know about the benefits of bees to the rapeseed crop. But 53.33 percent of non-beekeepers have a common understanding that bees are kept normally for honey production rather than pollination services. Most non-beekeepers perceived that beekeeping was the business of beekeepers for honey production rather than other services. Some of the respondents were also of the opinion that bees sucked the nectar of crops and decreased their yield in the study area. For non-beekeepers, developing awareness about the importance of bees in the ecosystem is essential through mass media (FM, Radio, Facebook, Television, Seminar etc.). This paper indicates that there should be strong and helpful coordination among non-beekeepers, beekeepers, and related organizations for the sustainable development of the bee sector in Chitwan district.
Tactile Modality in Online Marketing and E-retailing of Skincare Beauty Products (Based on English)
Authors: Belova Alla
Published: February 2025

Multisensory marketing is becoming a must-have strategy for businesses. Online shopping that skyrocketed during COVID-19 pandemic and afterwards posed new requirements to multimodal advertising and marketing, digital technologies and ICT, search for the most effective and persuasive semiotic strategies to convey gustatory, olfactory, tactile characteristics of products. Skincare segment of the official websites of luxury beauty products manufacturers (DIOR, CHANEL, LANCÔME, SHISEIDO, LA MER, HELENA RUBINSTEIN) was selected to analyze multimodal marketing and advertising with the focus on tactile modality. Some of the basic dimensions of tactile perception – softness, moistness – are essential to skincare products and expressed by English sensory vocabulary. Tactile modality is not limited to the skincare products quality description but spans their visible effects on skin what proves that tactile and visual perceptual spaces are highly congruent. Tactile perception of skincare produce by customers differs from the merits highlighted by the manufacturers and marketers, consequently, considerable disparity is observed in tactile vocabulary used in marketing strategies and customers’ reviews. Marketers stress reliability and efficacy of luxury skincare products as they are clinically-engineered and carefully tested. To make online advertising more persuasive copyrighters and marketers use multimodal approach, different modes and mediums to specify skincare tactile characteristics. Instructions on application are presented verbally and visually, via photos and videos. Verbal description is future-oriented and aimed at anticipated positive effects. The promisives “7 days to make a difference / smoothing effect after 28 days of using” are used as arguments in promotion of serum and face cream. Clients can enhance photos of ordinary women of different age and race groups to examine the effect of skincare products (radiance, firmness, elasticity, lifting etc.). Skincare products marketing utilizes diverse argumenation strategies, in particular, the golden rule of three; “Before/After” photos of the the verified clients – ordinary females, not celebrities or other influencers; video instructions of the experts. Sensory vocabulary in clients’ reviews is more diverse, women often use emotional evaluation, semantic superlatives to express their tactile sensations.
Prototypical model of a discursive personality within the theory of values-based sociodiscourse
Authors: Soloshchuk Lyudmila , Skrynnik Yuliia
Published: February 2025

In this theoretical study the concept of the prototypical model of a discursive personality within the framework of the theory of values-based sociodiscourse is explored. The prototypical model, as conceived within this theory, represents a multidimensional structure that enables the analysis of values, roles, identity, and interpersonal interactions, all of which contribute to the formation of a personality in contemporary society. The model underscores the significance of values as guiding principles that shape an individual’s construal of the world.

The prototypical model of a discursive personality within the theory of values-based sociodiscourse can be described as a conceptual framework where a discursive personality is shaped by multiple sociocultural factors. These factors include the types of discourse individuals engage in (everyday, institutional), their value orientations (such as belonging to a social group, love, esteem, and self-actualization), and social factors (social status, role, and gender). The social parameters play a crucial role in determining how individuals navigate and express their values through discourse. The framework also categorizes discursive personalities into participants, attractors, and creators, with each type exhibiting distinct verbal, non-verbal, and supra-verbal repertoires associated with each type of discursive personalities.

A key aspect of the multifaceted prototypical model of a discursive personality is its integration within the sociocultural context. This dimension is visually depicted through the stance of a discursive personality and discursive practices as central elements within the sociocultural mechanism. The study offers definitions of discourse and a discursive personality within the theory of values-based sociodiscourse framework, providing a foundation for future research. Further investigations in this area could enhance our understanding of how values shape a discursive personality and his / her behavior across various social contexts.
Variability of terms in translation studies: problems of term use and analysis of translation decisions (an experimental and methodological study)
Authors: Dorofeieva Marharyta
Published: February 2025

The article deals with the terminological variability in translation studies as a factor influencing the research methodology and practical translation analysis in students’ scientific and qualification works. The relevance of the study is determined by the concepts with unstable definitions and variable nomination in the translation studies´ terminological system. It is important to specify the extension and the intension of the translation studies´ concepts as well, in order to ensure the correctness of the chosen theoretical and methodological basis and further practical translation analysis. The aim of the study was to identify the relationship between the variable terms in translation studies, the peculiarities of their use and the practical analysis of translation in students’ works. A heuristic hypothesis was put forward and an experimental and methodological study was conducted with the participation of master’s students based on the tasks in a Google class on the discipline ‘Methodological Foundations of Translation Research’.

The variability of terms in translation studies has a negative impact on translation analysis procedures and the methodological validity in students’ scientific and qualification works. There is a correlation between unconscious use of variable terms, revealed in the inaccurate definitions of the ‘equivalence’ and ‘adequacy’ concepts on the one hand, and defects in the further practical analysis by the participants on the other hand. For the correct use of terminology and translation analysis it is recommended to choose a specific translation studies’ paradigm as the basis for the research methodology and the consistent use of terminology within the chosen paradigm.
JOB BURNOUT AND EMPLOYEE COMMITMENT
Authors:   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Lukman J.A. , Salman A. , Olawale Y.A.
Published: February 2025

Over the years, organizations have faced the challenge of employees’ lack of commitment due to job burnout, which can often be exacerbated by excessive workload. This study aims to investigate the effects of burnout and employee workload on employee commitment. Using a survey research design, the study focused on a population of 130 employees from the Coca-Cola Bottling Company in Ilorin. A simple random sampling technique was employed, allowing every member of the population an equal chance of being included in the study. The sample size of 120 was determined using the Taro Yamane sample size formula. Data were collected through a questionnaire, and the study utilized inferential statistics, such as regression analysis, to test the hypotheses. Descriptive statistics, including frequency tables, were used to analyze the demographic data of the respondents. The findings indicate that employee commitment is negatively affected by both job burnout and workload. Consequently, the study concludes that addressing burnout alone may not necessarily enhance employee commitment, underscoring the need for a more comprehensive approach to employee well-being and organizational culture.
Comprehensive analysis of municipal waste management in Bangladesh: embracing the 3Rs (reduce, reuse, recycle)
Authors:   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Amin R.M. , Selim M.
Published: February 2025

In Bangladesh, the main factors contributing to the increase in municipal solid waste (MSW) are population growth and rapid urbanization. The lack of effective waste management negatively affects the environment, human health, and the overall quality of urban life. This study focuses on the current state of municipal waste management organizations in Bangladesh and assesses their viability and sustainability. The primary objective of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the 3Rs–reduce, reuse, and recycle–as methods for waste management at the municipal level. The value of this research lies in its potential to inform both the waste management sector and policymakers about feasible approaches to achieve sustain-able municipal waste management. By promoting the implementation of the 3Rs in educational initiatives regarding waste management and disposal, the study aims to encourage sustainable practices and reduce overall disposal costs. The study employs a literature review, case studies from various towns in Ban-gladesh, and a primary survey involving local government officials, waste management experts, and the general public. Data analysis methods include frequency analysis, content analysis, and quantitative analy-sis. Key findings reveal that, despite growing waste management challenges, a majority of users in urban centers adhere to the principles of the 3Rs. However, there are significant implementation issues, such as inadequate infrastructure, insufficient health promotion, and poorly designed programs. To enhance the ef-fectiveness of the 3Rs in municipal waste management, the study suggests developing efficient recycling mechanisms, strengthening regulatory requirements, and fostering public support and involvement. The research underscores the importance of an integrated approach to waste management in Bangladesh.
Photovoltaic module failure detection using machine vision and lazy learning technique
Authors: Judith Jancy D.
Published: February 2025

Solar module efficiency and dependability can be improved by detecting faults and monitoring their condition. This study examines the limitations and challenges of diagnosing solar module malfunctions. The various issues associated with solar module failure are thoroughly discussed. A monitoring tool that combines thermography and intelligent computing is developed to detect issues in photovoltaic cells while filtering out trivial anomalies based on a review of relevant studies. Given the rapid growth of solar energy, the Photovoltaic (PV) component's fault detection plays a crucial role in enhancing the reliability of the entire solar power system and identifying fault types whenever a system issue arises. As a result, this paper presents a hybrid strategy that employs the Chaotic Synchronization Detection Method (CSDM) and a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for PV module fault detection. With the explosive growth of the global Photovoltaic (PV) market, problem identification and resolution in PV systems have become equally important. Early issue detection can improve the efficiency, performance, and lifespan of a solar system. If PV flaws are not identified and addressed promptly, the plant's electricity production will be severely affected. Both on-site and online monitoring are possible for defect detection. Additionally, certain faults, such as ground faults, arc faults, line-to-line errors, and points of ignition, may pose fire hazards. Recently, researchers have proposed various methods for diagnosing and detecting PV issues. This paper provides an in-depth discussion of significant photovoltaic defects. It also highlights the distinctions, benefits, and drawbacks of the various fault detection approaches proposed in the available literature. A brief discussion of different solar cell modeling techniques is also included.
Optimizing b-cell epitope prediction: A novel approach using support vector machine enhanced with genetic algorithm
Authors: Vaibhav Sharma , Sarita Jaiswal
Published: February 2025

In the evolving area of immunoinformatics, accurate prediction of B-cell epitopes is vital for vaccine improvement and healing interventions. This study offers a novel predictive pipeline that employs a Support Vector Machine (SVM) model optimized by way of Genetic Algorithms (GA) to decorate the accuracy and reliability of B-cellular epitope predictions. By systematically extracting key capabilities, inclusive of β-turns, antigenicity, and hydrophobicity, from peptide and protein sequences, this study applied a robust statistics preprocessing approach that consists of labeling, normalization, and dataset splitting. The performance of the proposed SVM model is carefully evaluated towards traditional methods, including Random Forest (RF) and K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN). The proposed SVM model completed an accuracy of 92.5%, a precision of 89.3%, a bear-in-mind of 91.0%, and an F1 rating of 90.1%. In comparison, the RF model obtained an accuracy of 85.0%, at the same time as the KNN version reached an accuracy of 82.5%. Visualizations, together with function importance plots, ROC curves, and confusion matrices, illustrate the model's advanced performance and its capacity for real-international packages. This study's findings underscore the importance of integrating superior machine learning strategies in immunological research and offer a complete framework for future research in epitope prediction.
Comparative analysis of deep learning models for financial fraud detection
Authors: Mohan Ch. , Sekhar Ch.
Published: February 2025

The increasing convenience of e-commerce and online payment systems has contributed to a rise in financial fraud incidents. This development has prompted significant research aimed at identifying effective techniques for detecting and preventing such fraud. Conventional approaches, such as rule-based systems or statistical models, face challenges due to imbalances in datasets and the constantly evolving tactics of fraudsters, which they struggle to manage. In contrast, sophisticated AI models, particularly deep learning methods, offer practical solutions to these issues. This paper compares various leading AI models for detecting financial fraud, assessing their advantages, disadvantages, and performance on standard datasets. The evaluation emphasizes critical factors such as accuracy, efficiency, and scalability, demonstrating the potential of these models to significantly impact the field of financial fraud detection. Additionally, this paper addresses the evolving dynamics of fraud and the need for models that can adapt in real time, highlighting future research directions for further advancements.
Arquitectura popular en Cerdeña y culturas del habitar: la casa.
Authors: Atzeni Carlo
Published: February 2025

“¿Qué es el Mediterráneo?” A esta pregunta Braudel respondió: “Mil cosas juntas. No es un paisaje, sino innumerables paisajes. No es un mar, sino una sucesión de mares. No es una civilización, sino una serie de civilizaciones apiladas una encima de la otra”.
Pese a su tamaño, Cerdeña, una isla en el centro del Mare Nostrum, es expresión de la multiplicidad plural de las diversas culturas colonizadoras que han dado forma al paisaje de manera perdurable en una complejidad rica en variaciones. En este contexto, la casa popular rural se convierte en expresión de eta diversidad e identidad local. Es el resultado de un proceso continua de variaciones de los dos arquetipos de referencia en el territorio a lo largo de la premodernidad reciente: la casa-patio y la casa-celda elemental. Estos arquetipos corresponden a las acciones más primitivas de domesticación del territorio: cercar el espacio para apropiárselo y controlarlo, gestionar el terreno en pendiente mediante muros de contención, aterrazamiento y prácticas de desmonte o terraplén (superposición-yuxtaposición).
Elementos arcaicos como el recinto, el muro y el uso de materiales del lugar como la piedra o la tierra (sobre todo) contribuyen a destacar la dimensión material recurrente de una cultura constructiva que hunde sus raíces en la construcción en mampostería maciza, aún en recuperación, que parece capaz de responder a las necesidades de la vida contemporánea, especialmente si se realiza una tras una lectura debida a las nuevas exigencias impuestas por la crisis pandémica.
Los lugares y las ocasiones. Arquitectura en busca de la Cerdeña contemporánea.
Authors: Lecis Marco
Published: February 2025

Las arquitecturas de la Cerdeña contemporánea se insertan en un paisaje en transformación y tratan de relacionarse con las imágenes históricas mediante la actualización de los lenguajes y campos propuestos por la modernidad. En la segunda mitad del siglo XX, algunos protagonistas del contexto italiano dejan huella en la isla, desde Adalberto Libera a Aldo Rossi: proyectan una mierda exterior fascinada por un exotismo tan remoto como abierto a la reinvención. Al margen de los grandes circuitos, sin embargo, se pueden identificar experiencias más circunscritas, dispuestas a un enfrentamiento más profundo con las inercias y oportunidades del territorio. Son procesos que muchas veces se prolongan en el tiempo y son compartidos por diferentes actores, capaces de involucrar múltiples áreas disciplinares: episodios que acogen el legado de los temas históricos al interpretar la fragilidad de la condición actual.
Granada a la búsqueda de su teoría
Authors: González Alcantud José Antonio
Published: February 2025

Granada es una ciudad que soporta oscilaciones térmicas diarias extremas, de entre 15 y 20 grados centígrados entre el día y la noche. La ciudad, situada entre dos ríos torrente, el Darro y el Genil, y otras tantas acequias (Gorda del Genil) y pequeños arroyuelos (Dílar y Beiro), está emplazada bajo un circo de montañas. Su determinante geográfico y climatológico ha impuesto maneras y formas de combatir el frío y el calor en la arquitectura, tanto popular como oficial y aristocrática. El resultado más visible es el triunfo de la mesa camilla, una derivación autoctonizada del brasero. Una manera genuina de combatir la falta de cristales en las ventanas, la escasez de leña, y otros déficits constructivos. La utilización de esteras de pleita en las ventanas, el alfombrado en pisos de barro cocido, el hábitat en cueva, que facilita la regulación térmica, entre otros muchos recursos, han permitido soportar temperaturas extremas. Este asunto se relaciona con la teoría hipocrática sobre las virtudes que debe tener el emplazamiento de una urbe para ser saludable.Empleada como metáfora, más allá de su materialidad, puede antropológicamente ayudar a entender el particular carácter de los granadinos, que ha sido objeto de infinidad de teorías especulativas. Ahora queremos relacionarlo con el genius loci arquitectónico.
Exploring Challenges Faced by English Language Teachers: Voices from EFL Teachers in Indonesia
Authors: Sebayang F Ari Anggraini , Basri Muh. Hasan , Rambing Rosalina Rolany , Yulianty Sanggelorang
Published: February 2025

Playing a vital role in EFL education, teachers often encounter challenges when teaching students English. This study focuses on exploring challenges faced by EFL teachers in Indonesia. The study was conducted through qualitative research design with a case study approach. A total of 5 male and female EFL teachers in senior high schools in North Sulawesi participated in interview sessions during the data collection. A semi-structured interview was conducted to obtain comprehensive descriptions of teachers’ challenges in teaching English in EFL context. The interview data was transcribed, coded, and grouped to decide the themes. The findings indicated that the primary challenges they encountered when teaching EFL including demotivated students, excessive working hours, numerous obligations, improper utilization of technology by students, and governmental expectations resulted from the Merdeka Curriculum. These results suggest complex problems experienced by teachers in Indonesia. Understanding teachers’ challenges in EFL education give insights to stakeholders, including policy maker and curriculum developers to optimize EFL education in Indonesia.
The Effects of Video-Based Teaching Materials on Students’ Listening Ability
Authors: Hustarna  , Masbirorotni
Published: February 2025

Finding appropriate teaching materials for listening subjects is not an easy task for lecturers. Therefore, creating video-based teaching materials is one of the solutions. However, the effectiveness of this product is still unknown. This quasi-experimental research aims to determine the effects of using video-based teaching materials on the listening ability of first-semester English students. Samples were taken using the cluster sampling technique, two classes out of 3 existing classes. The control class was treated using only audio media, while the experimental class was treated with audio-visual (video) media. The treatment was conducted for 14 meetings for each class, starting with giving the pre-test and ending with giving the post-test. The results of independent sample t-test calculations revealed that there was no significant difference in the learning outcomes between the control and experimental classes. This is evidenced by the sig. (2-tailed) value, namely 0.855>0.05. However, the range of the pre-test and post-test results between the control and experimental classes is different. The score range for the control class was 17.22, while the score range for the experimental class was 33.05. This shows that the use of video in the experimental class had a higher effect on improving students' listening skills than in the control class, which was only taught with audio materials.
Enhancing Public Speaking Skills among EFL Learners through the Peer Teaching Method: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Ayiz Abdul , Tauchid Ahmad
Published: February 2025

This research investigates the effectiveness of the Peer Teaching Method (PTM) in improving public speaking skills among English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners in a tertiary education setting. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis methods. The research involved 25 EFL learners who participated in a peer teaching intervention, which was evaluated through pre- and post-intervention speaking assessments and in-depth interviews. The results showed significant improvements in pronunciation accuracy, vocabulary usage, fluency, and confidence levels and lowering the public speaking anxiety among the participants. The qualitative findings highlighted the supportive and collaborative nature of the peer teaching environment, which fostered a sense of shared responsibility for learning, reduced anxiety, and promoted confidence in public speaking. The research 's findings contribute to the growing body of literature on collaborative learning methods in language education, suggesting that the Peer Teaching Method is a valuable approach for enhancing public speaking skills and promoting psychological readiness among EFL learners.
The Use of Graphic Organizer Focusing on Story Elements to Promote Students’ Narrative Writing
Authors: Wongsasawat Rattanyu , Waewchimplee Waewalee
Published: February 2025

This study investigated the impact of using graphic organizers focusing on story elements to enhance the narrative writing ability of sixth-grade students. The research aimed to: (1) examine the effects of graphic organizers on students’ narrative writing abilities, (2) compare students' post-test narrative writing abilities with their pre-test performance, and (3) explore students' opinions on using graphic organizers during the writing process. A pre-experimental design with one group pre-test and post-test was employed, involving 30 sixth-grade students from Marie Kaengkhro School. The students participated in lessons integrating graphic organizers based on Matsuda and Hammill's writing principles. The results indicated a significant improvement in students' post-test scores across all narrative writing criteria, with gains in organization, idea development, and conventions. The paired t-test confirmed the statistical significance of the difference between pre- and post-test scores (t = 11.79, p < .001). Student feedback was overwhelmingly positive, with 95% reporting that the graphic organizers helped them organize their ideas and improve their narrative writing skills. The findings suggest that graphic organizers effectively enhance narrative writing skills, particularly in EFL contexts. Future research could explore the long-term effects of this approach across different educational settings.
A Critical Eco-perspective in English Textbook for Indonesian 12th Graders: A Case on Nationally Issued Textbook
Authors: Seli Fenny Yutika , Manar Marsandi , Hardono Adinda Apriliani , 'Aini Syarifah
Published: February 2025

Ecological values in textbooks are essential because they help instill environmental awareness and responsibility in students from an early age to support sustainable development. The study addresses how ecological values are portrayed in Indonesian 12th-grade English textbooks. Using a qualitative content analysis framework, this study examines the transitivity system found in the textbook. The analysis emphasizes environmental conservation, sustainable practices, and encouraging cognitive engagement through positively framed language and relatable, contextual examples.  Through a thorough exploration of how elements are connected, positive language use, and specific contextual details, the research provides nuanced insights into the representation of ecological values. This research provides valuable insights into the nuanced instructional approach that shapes environmental awareness within the context of these textbooks. These findings suggest that English Language Teaching (ELT) materials for Indonesian students should actively incorporate eco-friendly linguistic elements and emphasize sustainability-oriented pedagogy to cultivate environmental responsibility.