bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
معوقات الأنشطة الرياضية في الجمهورية العربية السورية من وجهة نظر بعض مدرسي ومدربي الأنشطة الرياضية
Authors: محمود حلا جهاد
Published: January 2023

يهدف البحث الحالي لتعرف واقع الأنشطة الرياضية في الجمهورية العربية السورية، والمعيقات المحتملة للأنشطة الرياضية، لدى عينة مكونة من (237) من مدربي ومدرسي الأنشطة الرياضية في المدارس والمراكز المعينة بالشأن الرياضي الحكومية منها والخاصة، في عدد من محافظات الجمهورية العربية السورية، وقد تم اعتماد المنهج الوصفي التحليلي من خلال استخدام مقياسي واقع الأنشطة الرياضة، ومعيقات تفعيل الأنشطة الرياضة، وتم التوصل إلى النتائج الآتية: إن الأنشطة الرياضية كانت غير مفعلة في المراكز التي أجريت فيها الدراسة، إضافةً لجود مجموعة من المعيقات التي تحد من تفعيل الأنشطة الرياضية وكانت وفق الترتيب الآتي: (1. المعيقات الادارية. 2. المعيقات المرتبطة بالإمكانيات. 3. المعيقات المرتبطة بالجانب الشخصي. 4. يليها المعيقات المرتبطة بالبرامج. 5. يليها المعيقات المرتبطة بالمجتمع)، إضافةً إلى تأثر واقع الأنشطة الرياضية بالمعيقات الإدارية والاقتصادية والاجتماعية والشخصية، كما تبين عدم وجود فروق بين أفراد عينة الدراسة على مقياس معيقات الأنشطة الرياضية تبعاً لمتغيري الجنس، وجهة العمل.
DESENVOLVIMENTO PROFISSIONAL DOCENTE E A EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL
Authors: Silva Luiz Gustavo Veríssimo e
Published: January 2023

Este ensaio é resultado do trabalho final da disciplina Formação e Atuação de Professores das Ciências no Brasil, cursada no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Universidade Federal de São Carlos campus Sorocaba. Aqui discuto um pouco sobre minha área de pesquisa no doutorado, a Educação Ambiental, e o Desenvolvimento Profissional Docente (DPD), que traz uma outra visão sobre a constituição profissional docente, a visão de um processo contínuo de transformação do sujeito dentro de um campo profissional específico. Para falar dessa relação me utilizo de Cecília Meireles e Paulo Freire que me apoiam ao dizer que nós fazemos educadores, pois estamos constantemente desconstruindo e construindo, aprendendo, desaprendendo e reaprendendo. Também me utilizo de diversos autores, autoras e trabalhos para dizer que a Educação Ambiental é muito importante para o desenvolvimento profissional do professor, já que o trabalho com as questões ambientais promove práticas colaborativas por meio da interdisciplinaridade e do trabalho com temas e contribui para que o professor crie conhecimento e reflita sobre sua própria prática. E finalizo este ensaio com uma poesia de Manoel de Barros para refletirmos sobre o meio em que vivemos, o não-humano. Que ele também seja possibilidade de renovação de transformação. É preciso nos renovarmos usando borboletas.
BUSINESS STRATEGIES IN CONDITIONS OF UNCERTAINTY – ACTIVITIES OF ENTERPRISES DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Czapla Alina
Published: January 2023

The business environment in which enterprises operate is constantly changing, and thus they constantly deal with economic uncertainty. Companies try their best to function in such conditions and to achieve this they implement appropriate business strategies. Currently, due to the pandemic, the degree of uncertainty is extremely high, so corporate strategies must also be adapted to an unprecedented pace of change. The aim of this study is to identify possible strategic behaviors of enterprises under conditions of uncertainty, with particular emphasis on the current epidemiological situation. Based on a critical literature review, as well as observation and analysis of secondary sources, it was determined which business strategies should be used in conditions of uncertainty, and which of them are most appropriate in the current crisis. An attempt was also made to formulate guidelines for managers in connection with the current pandemic situation
Effect of liquid urea ammonium nitrate application at varying depths on root and shoot growth in wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: SUNDARAM PREM K , MANI INDRA , KUMAR ADARSH , LANDE SATISH D , SARKAR SUSHEEL K , MANJAIYA K M , SAHOO R N , LAL SANDEEP K
Published: January 2023

An experiment was conducted to optimise the desired concentration of urea ammonium nitrate (UAN), a liquid fertilizer, and its suitable depth of application in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) during 2016-17 in a completely randomized factorial design. The wheat seed germination was affected both on blotting paper and in soil mixed with different UAN:water dilutions. Viability test showed that when soil was mixed with UAN:water dilution ratio of less than 1:20, all the embryos were destroyed. The cultivar HD 2967 was grown in cylindrical poly vinyl chloride tubes where two different dilution ratio of UAN:water, viz. 1:5 (U1) and 1:10 (U2) were used as fertilizer @ 120N kg/ha. The fertilizer was placed at three depths below the seed, i.e. at 1 (D1), 2 (D2) and 3 cm (D3).The shoot and root growth parameters up to 34 days after sowing were recorded. Both fertilizer concentration and depth of its placement significantly affected plant height, root length, root surface area and root tips at 8, 20 and 34 DAS. At higher concentration of UAN (U1), the root growth significantly reduced by about 43% as that of U2 after 8 DAS. However, after 34 DAS, it was reduced to 16% which shows that the plants were able to overcome the initial shock given by high concentration of UAN. Root surface area was maximum at U2D3 (7.04, 18.26 and 40.89 cm2) and minimum at U1D1 (0.91, 7.46 and 15.24 cm2) after 8, 20 and 34 DAS, respectively. Root tip numbers were also affected at 8 DAS. However, it was non-significantly affected by concentration and depths at 34 DAS. Deep placement of fertilizer at 3 cm showed significantly better growth of both root and shoot in plants. Higher fresh root weight at all the growth stages was observed in D3, which was at par to D2 at 8 DAS. Similarly, highest root and shoot growth were observed at U2D2 which was statistically at par to U1D3. The UAN may be applied in 1:10 dilution ratio at 2 cm depth or 1:5 dilution ratio at 3 cm depth below the seed in order to get better growth of seedlings. Hence, sowing machines for wheat shall be developed keeping in mind these application depths of liquid UAN.
Effect of irrigation regimes and nutrient levels on growth, yield and quality of drip irrigated broad bean (Vicia faba)
Authors: GUPTA SANGEETA , KUSHWAH S S , SHARMA R K , SINGH O P
Published: January 2023

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of irrigation regimes and nutrient levels on growth, yield, quality, economics and water use efficiency (WUE) of broad bean at College of Horticulture, Mandsaur during rabi 2015-16. Treatments included three irrigation regimes, viz. I1 (IW/CPE=1.00), I2 (IW/CPE=0.75), I3 (IW/CPE=0.50) and three nutrient levels, viz. F1 (15:40:30 kg NPK/ha), F2 (30:60:45 kg NPK/ha) and F3 (45:80:60 kg NPK/ha). These treatments were evaluated under split plot design with 6 replications. Results indicated that irrigation level I1 (IW/CPE=1.00) recorded maximum plant height, number of tillers/plant, number of leaves/plant, leaf area/plant, most delayed 50% flowering and pod maturity, maximum length of pod, number of pod/plant, number of seeds/pod, weight of 10 pods, pod yield/plant, pod yield/hr and fibre content in pod. It was followed by I2 (IW/CPE=0.75). Highest protein content was found under I3 (IW/CPE=0.50). WUE decreased with higher irrigation regimes and was observed lowest with I1 (IW/CPE=1.00). Among nutrient levels, F3 (45:80:60 kg NPK/ha) registered maximum growth, phenological, yield attributes and yield as well as protein and fibre content. It has also recorded highest WUE. Interactive effect of irrigation regimes and nutrient levels showed highest growth and yield attributes as well as yield with I1F3. Highest WUE was recorded with I3F2 which was at par to I3F3. Maximum gross return (Rupees 154 770/ha), net return (Rupees 113 820/ha) and benefit:cost ratio (2.77) was obtained with application of I1F3.
Seed yield and quality attributes in bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) as influenced by position of seed in fruit
Authors: SHARMA RAJESH KUMAR , TOMAR B S , JAIN S K , NEHRA MAMTA
Published: January 2023

An experiment was conducted at the research field of Seed Production Unit, IARI during kharif 2014-15 to find out the effect of seed position in fruit on the seed yield and quality in bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria Mol. Standl.) cv. Pusa Naveen and laboratory observations were carried out at Division of Seed Science and Technology, IARI, New Delhi for seed quality attributes. The results revealed that among the three segments of fruit, viz. stylar, middle and peduncular, the seed extracted from the middle segment of fruit significantly contributed to total number of seed (333.76), filled seed (294.65), seed weight (47.22 g), embryo weight (8.56 mg), germination (95.10%), seedling length (43.24 cm), seedling dry weight (6.98 mg), vigour index I and II (4118.90 and 66.48) followed by stylar segment (251.01, 215.78, 34.13 g, 7.51 mg, 89.6%, 37.81 cm, 5.65 mg, 3397.9 and 50.79 respectively) and lowest values (169.93, 133.28, 20.58 g, 7.15 mg, 83.1%, 30.45 cm, 5.16 mg, 2536.1 and 42.97 respectively) were recorded for peduncular portion. A non-significant difference was noted among the three segments with regard to unfilled seed and 100 seed weight but highest value observed in middle portion. Thus, the seed obtained from middle andstylar segments of fruit were superior in quality than peduncular portion for obtaining high quantity of quality seeds.
Microbial, enzymatic and physico-chemical quality changes during storage of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) harvested from polyhouse vs. open conditions
Authors: GARG NEELIMA , SINGH V K , PRITI PRITI , YADAV KAUSHLESH K , KUMAR SANJAY , YADAV PREETI
Published: January 2023

Protected cultivation of vegetables is gaining importance owing to its perpetual demand throughout the year. Effect of cultivating tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivar Himsona under polyhouse conditions on the microbial and physico-chemical quality and enzymatic behavuior was studied and compared with open conditions at the time of harvesting and during storage under ambient conditions. Study on microflora of tomato fruits grown under open and polyhouse conditions revealed presence of fungi, viz. Acremonium sp., Rhizopus sp. and Aspergillus sp. in fruits harvested from open while fruits under polyhouse condition contained fungus Acremonium sp. only. Spoilage started in open fruits from 6th day of storage under ambient conditions due to dominance of Rhizopus sp. The bacterial counts on polyhouse grown fruits were about 100 times less than open cultivated fruits. Polygalacturonase activity was initially higher (0.139 U/ml) in open conditions compared to polyhouse condition (0.074 U/ml). It increased sharply to 1.50 U/ml on 4th day of storage in open conditions compared to slow increase under polyhouse condition (0.140 U/ml). On 6th day senescence started as evidenced by decrease in polygalacturaonase activity and increase in surface fungal counts in fruits from open conditions, which finally spoiled on 8th day due to dominance of Rhizopus sp. The fruits from polyhouse were still marketable at the end of 8th day. The study proves that tomato fruits grown in polyhouse are microbiologically safer and have better shelf life.
Reaction of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) genotypes for resistance to late blight (Phytophthora infestans) disease
Authors: SOLANKEY S S , AKHTAR SHIRIN , NEHA PALLAVI , RAY P K , SINGH RAVI GOPAL
Published: January 2023

The cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is affected by several of diseases of which late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans ((Mont.) de Bary), being the most severe under epidemic condition. Wild tomato species have proven as continuing source of resistance to this disease. The reaction of 152 tomato genotypes including 4 wild relatives, i.e. Solanum chilense, S. pimpenellifolium, S. cheesmaniae, S. peruvianum, against late blight was determined using whole-plant scoring. These genotypes were screened and evaluated in two different conditions (open field and side open poly house) at the Department of Horticulture (Vegetable and Floriculture), Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur (Bihar) in autumn-winter season of 2013-14. Of the 152 genotypes, none of the testgenotypes showed immune reaction. Moreover, the genotypes Arka Rakshak, Arka Alok, BRDT-1, Kashi Anupam, Arka Ananya, Azad T-5, C 6 T and Kashi Vishesh high yield potential and lower incidence for late blight. Moreover, wild species S. chilense, S. pimpenellifolium, S. cheesmaniae and S. peruvianum showed resistance reaction for late blight. The genotype EC 538380 showed highly resistant disease reaction against late blight besides bearing more fruits. Moreover, significant effect of temperature and relative humidity was established on occurrence late of blight. In general cool, wet, cloudy weather with rainfall and ambient relative humidity favour late blight development andnatural epidemics of P. infestans in the field which can be useful in screening large populations. The highest disease infestation and severity occurred during the month of January â€“ February when the maximum temperature ranged from 10.4â€“10.8Â°C and maximum relative humidity ranged from 90 â€“ 95%.
Conceptual design of buildings - a new guide
Authors: Norman James
Published: January 2023

James Norman introduces the Institution’s new guide to conceptual design.
Estrategias metodológicas para elaborar el problema de investigación para textos académicos
Authors: Meneses Quelal Luis , Paspuezán Chúga Antonio Bolívar
Published: January 2023

La escritura académica es la base para desarrollar textos académicos, para lo cual es necesario conocer las estrategias metodológicas para elaborar y para producir los artículos científicos, ensayos, monografías, tesinas y tesis entre otros textos de carácter científico. La problemática es la deficiencia en el desarrollo de textos académicos. El Objetivo de la presente investigación es: desarrollar estrategias metodológicas para elaborar el problema de investigación de los textos académicos con el fin de mejorar la deficiencia en el desarrollo de los textos académicos, mediante el uso adecuado de las técnicas de redacción académica. El alcance de esta investigación se establece para todos los investigadores, dedicados a la producción de textos académicos, así como también para la comunidad académica de pregrado, grado, posgrado y doctorado de las Instituciones de Educación. La metodología empleada para el desarrollo de esta investigación es de tipo documental. En todos los textos académicos identificados como: artículos científicos, monografías, tesinas y tesis; se inicia con la identificación del problema de investigación. Las principales conclusiones identificadas son las siguientes: Las estrategias metodológicas, para elaborar el problema de investigación se inicia con la técnica del árbol de problemas y en base a la estructura en formato de fórmulas, las cuales, siguiendo un orden lógico de sus elementos, contribuye a desarrollar en forma eficiente la formulación del problema, el título de investigación, el planteamiento adecuado de los objetivos generales y específicos y las hipótesis correspondientes y desde mi experiencia como docente de redacción academia, en las instituciones de educación superior; la metodología propuesta para elaborar el problema de investigación es eficiente por cuanto contribuye en el desarrollo eficiente de la pregunta orientadora para la investigación del tema objeto de estudio.
Formulation and evaluation of sustained releasedomperidone hydrochloride transdermal patches to treat motion sickness
Authors: M. Asif Jamshaid  , Muqarab Abbas  , M. Yousaf  , Mahnoor Younas  , Hajra Muzaffar  , Talib Hussain  , Rais A. Nawaz
Published: January 2023

Objective: Transdermal route of drug delivery is superior than oral route because it avoids first pass effect, ensures better patient compliance, reduce dosing frequency especially in extended-release formulation and is easy to use. Domperidone HCl is DA2 receptor antagonistic and is used to prevent nausea and vomiting. The objective was to formulate a domperidone HCl extended-release transdermal drug delivery system to treat motion sickness. Methods: Five different formulations were formed using different solvents (methanol and dichloromethane) and polymers (HPMC and Eudragitl-100) by solvent evaporation method. 500mg of domperidone HCl was added in each patch and dibutyl phthalate was added as plasticizer. A 3%  w/v PVA layer was used as backing. All these formulations were evaluated for their physicochemical properties (weight variation, thickness, folding endurance and tensile strength), in-vitro drug release, drug contents determination, any incompatibility between drug and excipients by FTIR and DSC and skin irritation. Results: All formulations exhibited good physicochemical properties and percentage drug release during 24 hours was 79.3%, 97.1%, 96.8%, 74.7% and 59.7% respectively. F-YM showed maximum in-vitro drug release. The optimized formulation (F-YM) followed Korsmeyer Peppas release model with n=0.383 showing that the system was following dissolution dependent drug release. No interaction between drug and excipients was detected by DSC and FTIR. No skin irritation was detected. Conclusion: The extended release transdermal patches of domperidone HCl to treat motion sickness were prepared and formulation F-YM showed optimized behavior with maximum in vitro drug release.
Formulation and evaluation of 5-fluorouracil controlled release chronotherapeutic drug delivery system (CTDDS) for colorectal cancer
Authors: Hammad Ayaz  , Muhammad Ahmad  , Mustafa Kazmi  , Husnain Ahmed  , Talib Hussain  , Ishtiaq Jeelani  , Ume Habiba  , Muhammad Akram Choohan
Published: January 2023

Objective: As most of the drugs disintegrate and dissolve in stomach before reaching the target site and to substitute intravenous (IV) route based chrono modulated chemotherapy, oral colon target drug delivery system was formed. The aim of this study was to design, develop, and evaluate a colon targeted tablet containing 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) to give a controlled release effect of drug for colonic cancer with a goal to increase the bioavailability and improve the patient compliance. Methods: Varied concentration of different polymers such as Xanthan gum and Eudragit were used to get an optimized formulation of 5-FU tablet. The prepared formulation was evaluated for pre compression and post compression parameters such as hardness, weight, friability and drug content uniformity. The optimized formulation was further evaluated by Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), in-vitro dissolution studies, dissolution kinetic modeling and stability analysis. Results: All pre-formulation tests were within range of USP standards. Friability of all tablets was satisfied. The interference of the polymers was ruled out by FTIR. In-vitro release studies of 5-FU tablets in phosphate buffer of pH 7.0 were performed using a modified diffusion cell that resulted sustained release (90.99% to 92.69% after 12h) and kinetic models depicted the combined diffusion and dissolution mechanism of release. The optimized tablets were found having only physical interactions based on DSC. The product was found stable when evaluated using accelerated stability studies. Conclusion: It was concluded from the studies that the colon target tablet of 5-FU prepared by different concentration of polymers were optimized and can be efficiently used to control the rate of drug release to the colon in the belief of improved therapeutic efficacy and tolerability. Therefore, it is a better alternative for intravenous route based chrono modulated chemotherapy.
DEVELOPMENT OF INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA BASED ON ADOBE FLASH GEOMETRY INTRODUCTION MATERIAL IN GRADE I ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
Authors: Pratiwi Hanifa , Alim Jesi Alexander
Published: January 2023

This study aims to produce an interactive multimedia development product based on adobe flash geometry introduction material in grade I Elementary School that is valid and practical. This type of research is development research or research and development. This study uses the Plomp development model (2013) which consists of 3 development stages including the Preliminary Research Phase, Prototyping Phase, and Assessment Phase. The research data were collected by means of observation, interviews and questionnaires. The data is then processed through quantitative and qualitative analysis techniques. Based on the validation results of interactive multimedia based on Adobe Flash that was developed, the Aiken's V validity index was 0.88 with a very valid category. While the practicality of interactive multimedia based on Adobe Flash based on the teacher's practicality questionnaire, it was obtained an average score of 92.02% in the very practical category. In addition, based on the students' practicality questionnaire, the average percentage score of 89.35% was obtained in the very practical category. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that interactive multimedia based on Adobe Flash has met the criteria of validity and practicality so that this product can be used by teachers and students in learning geometry introduction in grade I elementary school.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF FLAME PHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF SODIUM, POTASSIUM AND CALCIUM IN PANCHALAVANA
Authors: Ravikumar  , Sandeep  , R patil Abhishek
Published: January 2023

Background: Lavana is essential component of diet, Lavana is a vital substance for the survival of all living beings, particularly humans, because it controls the body fluids and regulates the concentration of blood and blood volume hence we aimed to develop and validated the concentration of Sodium, potassium, calcium in Panchalavana by using Flame photometric method. Materials & Methods: Panchalavana validated by using Flame photometer method was validated by linearity, accuracy, limit of detection, limit of quantitation. Study Setting: ACRL SJGAMC&H Koppal. Sample Collection: Sample collected public vendors from Koppal, Karnataka, India. Results & Discussion: In Panchalavana sodium is highest appreciated samudra lavana observed 334.04 concentration of Na, Aaudbida lavana 333.04, sauvarchala lavana 314.14, vida lavana 300.81, saindhava lavana 255.59. highest concentration of sodium observed in samudra lavana and lowest concentration in saindhava lavana. highest concentration of potassium observed in vida lavana 222.46 and in Aaudbidha lavana 65.51, lowest concentration of potassium showed in saindhava lavana 5.42. The concentration of calcium showed in Vida lavana is 1.38. Conclusion: the developed method was simple, accurate precise, rapid and sensitive, hence proposed method stands out validated and thus may be used for routine analysis.
MEDICAL AND PSYCHO-PEDAGOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE PHYSICAL CULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE MIDDLE-AGED AND ELDERLY PEOPLE
Authors: Марина Валерьевна Белавкина, , Алла Викторовна Лысенко, , Дмитрий Сергеевич Лысенко, , Виктор Николаевич Федорец,
Published: January 2023

В статье представлен анализ истории использования физических упражнений в лечении и профилактике заболеваний. Определены задачи, которые сегодня стоят перед физической культурой в контексте сохранения здоровья трудоспособного населения и продления «активного долголетия». Рассмотрены некоторые проблемные вопросы подготовки специалистов и возможные пути их решения.

The article presents a historical analysis of the physical exercises using in the treatment and prevention of diseases. The tasks that today face physical culture in the context of maintaining the health of the able bodied population and prolonging “active longevity” are determined. Some problematic issues of training specialists and possible ways to solve them are considered.
Anthropological Journey of Education in The Tangkhul Community
Authors: Shimray Ramchanso Awungshi
Published: January 2023

This paper is a case study of the Tangkhul community, one of the major Naga tribes living in Manipur's Ukhrul district. It emphasizes how English education as a whole sheds light on communities that were "animistic," "barbaric," and "savage." The discussion progresses from the beginning, when English language and literature were introduced to the community by a Scottish missionary named William Pettigrew in 1896, to its current state. The missionary was spreading the gospel, but he had to cultivate the English language and literature in the process, which led to enlightenment. Looking at the current situation, one can realize the refinement that has spread among the Tangkhuls, and that will continue through the English language and literature directly or indirectly.
Problems Faced in English by the Second Language Speakers
Authors: Talang-Rao Esther
Published: January 2023

This research article examines the second language speakers and their problem areas. Learning and speaking a new language after the age of five or passed the adolescence age can be a big issue for most L2 speakers. The reason is that by this time, they have already mastered their L1 in form, syntax, and phonology. In this study the L2 speakers in general are of different levels; such as, students, teachers, and professors (young and old; males and females). However, the speakers commit mistakes in English more or less the same. The writer has classified their mistakes in three categories; namely: vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation. In using words some L2 speakers commit malapropism. For example, there is a mixed up of words having similar sounds such as, ‘suffocated’ and ‘sophisticated’; ‘immaculate’ and ‘emasculate’. These words surfacely look and sound similar but they are very different semantically. In grammar, some languages have some similarities while others have very different rules. When we talk in English some of the rules that are in English are either absent or different in other languages or native tongue of the speakers; therefore, because of these differences, mistakes make roads when an L2 speaker speaks in English. Similarly in pronunciation if the sound is present in the native tongue of the speakers, they pronounce it correctly, they are already familiar with that sound. On the other hand, there are some unfamiliar sounds in English which do not exist in the native tongue of the speakers. It is important to note here that the writer is talking about the 44 distinctive sounds of the English language and not letters.  Other factors are, English is a stressed language, whereas, many languages have no stress. For instance, we Indians give equal stress to all syllables in a word. We also pronounce a good percentage of time according to how we spell the words; whereas, in English the consonants and vowels can have more than one sound.  L2 speakers have issues using the right words and structure in English but there seems to be a more complicated issue in pronunciation.  It is hoped that this article will help the L2 speakers and (English) teachers to be aware of these limitations and focus on ways of remedying them. The purpose of this article is to help the second language speakers to improve their speaking skills and to solve their difficulties that crop up in everyday conversation in the use of English language particularly in pronunciation.
A Brief Analysis of The Historicity of Jesus’ Resurrection
Authors: Ralte Lalnuntluanga , Kumar Santosh
Published: January 2023

The resurrection of Jesus has been a debatable subject since the beginning of the 1st century AD; in as much as it is simple and easy to believe in the resurrection of Christ for Christians, it is not quite so in the world today, where skepticism and agnosticism dominate the culture. In the last two centuries, with various revolutions emerging, due to the prevalence of naturalistic view in the literature world, and theology, in particular, several leading scholars started a quest to re-study the historicity of Jesus’ resurrection and subsequently considered the four accounts of the four gospels to be merely a myth. This article attempts to briefly analyze the quest and, most importantly, provide legitimate evidence for the death and resurrection of Jesus. In this article, the gospels’ account is considered ancient literature since our main priority is to know whether it is historical. Therefore, the historicity of the gospel account is analyzed through the methodology employed by both the secular and religious scholars, which in turn makes the study not biased. The analysis concludes and reclaims that the account of the gospel is historical.
Two topics in number theory: the greatest k-free number that divides n and formulas for composite and prime numbers
Authors: Jakimczuk Rafael
Published: January 2023

In the first part we study the greatest k-free number that divides n. Consequently, we generalize the kernel of the positive integer n. That is, the greatest square-free number that divides n. In the second part we obtain formulas for composite and prime numbers and prove some inequalities.
Some submanifolds of generalized Kenmotsu manifolds
Authors: Sari Ramazan , Turgut Vanli Aysel
Published: January 2023

In this paper, invariant submanifolds of a generalized Kenmotsu manifold are studied and given some properties. An example is constructed for an invariant submanifold of a generalized Kenmotsu manifold. In addition, integrabilities of invariant distribution is investigated, and some theorems are given related to curvature tensor and the second fundamental form in invariant submanifolds of a generalized Kenmotsu manifold. Moreover, semi-parallel and 2-semi-parallel invariant submanifolds of a generalized Kenmotsu manifold are studied. Necessary and sufficient conditions are given on semi-parallel and 2-semi-parallel invariant submanifolds of a generalized Kenmotsu manifold to be totally geodesic.
A new genus Thrombialis Park, gen. n. and a new species of Furcalis Park, 2018 from Uganda (Lepidoptera: Lecithoceridae)
Authors: Park K.-T. , Koo J.-M.
Published: January 2023

A new genus, Thrombialis Park, gen. n., with type species, T. sylvestrana Park & Koo, sp. n., and a new species of Furcalis Park, Furcalis mpangensis Park & Koo, sp. n., are described from Uganda. Adults and male and female genitalia of the new species are illustrated.
How aspects of similar datasets can impact distributional models
Authors: Gomes Isabella Maria Alonso , Roman Norton Trevisan
Published: January 2023

Distributional models have become popular due to the abstractions that allowed their immediate use, with good results and little implementation effort when compared to precursor models. Given their presumed high level of generalization it would be expected that good and similar results would be found in data sets sharing the same nature and purpose. However, this is not always the case. In this work, we present the results of the application of BERTimbau in two related data sets, built for the task of Semantic Similarity identification, with the goal of detecting redundancy in text. Results showed that there are considerable differences in accuracy between the data sets. We explore aspects of the data sets that could explain why accuracy results are different across them.
Cross-Domain Sentiment Analysis in Portuguese using BERT
Authors: Britto Larissa F. S. , Pessoa Luis A. S. , Agostinho Silvania C. C.
Published: January 2023

O Cruzamento de Domínios tem se tornado uma abordagem comum para lidar com a escassez de dados rotulados na Análise de Sentimentos (AS). No entanto, a dependência de domínio da AS e as particularidades associadas a cada domínio podem impactar, negativamente, o desempenho dos modelos de classificação. Neste trabalho, avaliamos a capacidade de generalização do modelo BERT na tarefa de Classificação de Polaridade com Cruzamento de Domínios em Português. Para fins de comparação, classificadores tradicionais de Aprendizagem de Máquina e métodos para extração de características são analisados. O BERT apresentou resultados promissores mesmo com a mudança de domínio, chegando a alcançar 92% de acurácia.
Evaluating the Potential of Federated Learning for Maize Leaf Disease Prediction
Authors: Antico Thalita Mendonça , Moreira Larissa F. Rodrigues , Moreira Rodrigo
Published: January 2023

The diagnosis of diseases in food crops based on machine learning seemed satisfactory and suitable for use on a large scale. The Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) perform accurately in the disease prediction considering the image capture of the crop leaf, being extensively enhanced in the literature. These machine learning techniques fall short in data privacy, as they require sharing the data in the training process with a central server, disregarding competitive or regulatory concerns. Thus, Federated Learning (FL) aims to support distributed training to address recognized gaps in centralized training. As far as we know, this paper inaugurates the use and evaluation of FL applied in maize leaf diseases. We evaluated the performance of five CNNs trained under the distributed paradigm and measured their training time compared to the classification performance. In addition, we consider the suitability of distributed training considering the volume of network traffic and the number of parameters of each CNN. Our results indicate that FL potentially enhances data privacy in heterogeneous domains.
Previsão da duração de carregamentos de embarcações PLSV
Authors: Ventriglia Rachel Martins , Bastos Leonardo , Figueiredo Karla , Vallasco Marley
Published: January 2023

As embarcações Pipe-laying Support Vessel (PLSV) realizam tarefas de interligação submarinas, que necessitam de diversos recursos materiais. Estes recursos são carregados nos navios, e atualmente o planejamento dos carregamentos é resolvido de forma heurística, com taxas de erros altas, em torno de 84%. Com o objetivo de auxiliar neste planejamento operacional, este trabalho propôs a investigação e seleção de diversos modelos de aprendizado de máquina para prever a duração dos carregamentos. Os modelos que apresentaram melhor desempenho na base de teste foram o Gradient Boosting, Regressão Linear e o Stacking Regressor, com um erro percentual médio absoluto de no máximo 36% nos dados de teste.
Multi-Level Stacking
Authors: Boldrin Fabiana Coutinho , Cantão Adriano Henrique , Tinós Renato , Baranauskas José Augusto
Published: January 2023

Stacking é um dos algoritmos que combina os resultados de diferentes classificadores que foram gerados utilizando o mesmo conjunto de treinamento. Com objetivo de explorar alguns aspectos com relação ao algoritmo de stacking como o número de levels (camadas) de aprendizado, o número de classificadores por level e os algoritmos de utilizados, foi proposto o multi-level stacking. Para este trabalho foram feitos experimentos utilizando três tipos diferentes de indutores para diferentes datasets com dois levels de aprendizado.
A Temporal Approach to Customer Churn Prediction: A Case Study for Financial Services
Authors: Almeida Marcus , Mota Mariana , Souza Wellington , Nicolau Marcos , Luz Eduardo , Moreira Gladston
Published: January 2023

Modelos de previsão de desligamento de clientes visam detectar clientes com alta probabilidade de cancelamento do contrato, com base no uso dos serviços oferecidos. Propomos uma abordagem temporal para a etapa de rotulagem, baseada na redução da frequência de uso dos serviços, por meio do comportamento de cada cliente. Também propomos uma arquitetura de rede neural temporal para a tarefa. A abordagem foi avaliada em um conjunto de dados reais, fornecido por uma empresa brasileira do setor financeiro. A rede neural convolucional temporal alcançou uma acurácia de 82, 63%, uma sensibilidade de 61, 5% e uma precisão de 41, 58%, superando outros classificadores tradicionais (XG-Boost e Floresta Aleatória).
Ethics: What is the Research Scenario in the Brazilian Conference BRACIS?
Authors: Carvalho Luiz Paulo , Murakami Lucas , Suzano José Antonio , Oliveira Jonice , Revoredo Kate , Santoro Flávia Maria
Published: January 2023

Artificial Intelligence (AI) presents many ethical dilemmas, such as explainability, bias, military uses, surveillance capitalism, employment, and jobs. In the scientific context, AI can lead us to a crisis of reproducibility spread across several areas of knowledge and guide mathematicians to solve high complexity problems. Both companies and government forward their guidelines, recommendations, and materials combining Ethics and AI. In this paper, we investigate the involvement of the Brazilian academic-scientific community with moral or ethical aspects through its publications, covering the Brazilian Conference on Intelligent Systems (BRACIS) as the most prominent Brazilian AI conference. Through a Literature Systematic Review method, we answer the main research question: what is the panorama of the explicit occurrence of ethical aspects in the BRACIS, ENIAC, and STIL conference papers? The results indicate a low occurrence of ethical aspects and increasing behavior over the years. Ethical deliberation was fruitful, constructive, and critical among these few occurrences. Whether in the Brazilian or international context, there are spaces to be filled and open opportunities for exploration along this path.
Motor Imagery EEG Data Augmentation with cWGAN-GP for Brain-Computer Interfaces
Authors: Santos Lucas H. dos , Fantinato Denis G.
Published: January 2023

Motor imagery is a paradigm in Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) systems based on EEG data. Recently, Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), such as EEGNet, have become a vital component for those systems, overcoming previous state-of-the-art techniques for classifying these data. However, most motor imagery EEG datasets are relatively small, hindering DNNs from achieving better results. In this sense, we propose using Generative Adversarial Networks to augment dataset 1 from the BCI Competition IV for classification efficiency improvement. In addition, we explore augmentation with Gaussian noise for comparison purposes. The experiments were analyzed considering the intrasubject and cross-subject perspectives.
Comparison of performance of scenarios with one and three brain-machine interfaces applied
Authors: S. Neto Francisco F. de , Jorge Vitor da S. , Silva Cleison Daniel da
Published: January 2023

Interfaces Cérebro-Máquina baseadas em Imagética Motora (ICM-IM) permitem o controle de dispositivos independente do uso de nervos e músculos periféricos. Este trabalho propõe dois cenários, com o intuito de comparar o desempenho final dos mesmos. Dentre as diferenças entre eles, estão:a forma em que é feito o janelamento do sinal; o treinamento das ICMís e a classificação, onde é aplicado um método de classificação que faz uso de uma estratégia de fusão de classificadores tendo uma rede neural como responsável pela decisão final.
Feature engineering vs. extraction: clustering Brazilian municipalities through spatial panel agricultural data via autoencoders
Authors: Silva Marcos A. S. da , Matos Leonardo N. , Santos Flávio E. de O. , Dompieri Márcia H. G. , Moura Fábio R. de
Published: January 2023

This article compares the clustering of Brazilian municipalities according to their agricultural diversity using two approaches, one based on feature engineering and the other based on feature extraction using Deep Learning based on autoencoders and cluster analysis based on k-means and Self-Organizing Maps. The analyzes were conducted from panel data referring to IBGE’s annual estimates of Brazilian agricultural production between 1999 and 2018. Different structures of simple stacked undercomplete autoencoders were analyzed, varying the number of layers and neurons in each of them, including the latent layer. The asymmetric exponential linear loss function was also evaluated to cope with the sparse data. The results show that in comparison with the ground truth adopted, the autoencoder model combined with the k-means presented a superior result than the clustering of the raw data from the k-means, demonstrating the ability of simple autoencoders to represent from their latent layer important features of the data. Although the general accuracy is low, the results are promising, considering that we evaluated the most simple strategy for Deep Clustering.
On the Use of Clonal Selection Principle in Cartesian Genetic Programming for Designing Combinational Logic Circuits
Authors: Silva José Eduardo H. da , Prachedes Luciana N. S. , Bernardino Heder S. , Camata José J. , Oliveira Itamar L. de
Published: January 2023

Evolutionary techniques have been used in the design and optimization of combinational logic circuits. This procedure is called evolvable hardware and Cartesian Genetic Programming (CGP) is the evolutionary technique with the best performance in this context. Despite the good results obtained by CGP techniques, its search procedure usually evolves a single candidate solution by an evolution strategy and this approach tends to be trapped in local optima. On the other hand, clonal selection techniques in general, and CLONALG in particular, were designed to avoid converging to a low-quality local optimum. Thus, we propose here using the representation of CGP with the search procedure of a Clonal Selection Algorithm to minimize the number of transistors of combinational logic circuits. Furthermore, a parameter sensitivity analysis is performed. The results are assessed considering a benchmark from the literature and showed a reduction in the number of transistors when compared to the baseline ESPRESSO.
Methods to Estimate Causal Effects. An Overview on IV, DiD and RDD and a Guide on How to Apply them in Practice
Authors: Collischon Matthias
Published: January 2023

The identification of causal effects has gained increasing attention in social sciences over the last years and this trend also has found its way into sociology, albeit on a relatively small scale. This article provides an overview of three methods to identify causal effects that are rarely used in sociology: instrumental variable (IV) regression, difference-in-differences (DiD), and regression discontinuity design (RDD). I provide intuitive introductions to these methods, discuss identifying assumptions, limitations of the methods, promising extension, and present an exemplary study for each estimation method that can serve as a benchmark when applying these estimation techniques. Furthermore, the supplemental material to this article contains Stata and R syntax that shows with simulated data how to apply these techniques in practice.
Ungleicher Zugang. Kategorisierungspraktiken in deutschen humanitären Aufnahmeprogrammen für syrische Geflüchtete
Authors: Welfens Natalie
Published: January 2023

Dieser Beitrag beleuchtet die Frage, wie politische und soziale Kategorisierungen den Zugang zu Aufnahmeprogrammen regulieren und wie entstehende Ungleichheiten gerechtfertigt werden. Über humanitäre Aufnahmeprogramme nehmen europäische und andere sichere Länder eine begrenzte Zahl Schutzsuchender aus Erstzufluchtsländern auf. Auf Basis von Herkunft, Geschlecht, Alter und anderen Kategorien wird entschieden, wer ›am schutzbedürftigsten‹ ist und entsprechend umgesiedelt werden soll. Anhand der deutschen humanitären Aufnahmeprogramme für syrische Geflüchtete untersucht der Beitrag Kategorisierungspraktiken aus praxistheoretischer und intersektionaler Perspektive entlang des gesamten Aufnahmeprozesses. Dadurch wird einerseits die Verwobenheit verschiedener Kategorisierungspraktiken unterschiedlicher Akteur:innen und andererseits die Hierarchisierung von Schutzbedarf deutlich.
Tibial Nerve Block as Treatment of Chronic Foot Pain
Authors: Ritt Michael W J , Koning Henk , van Dalen Bella V , ter Meulen Bas C
Published: January 2023

Background: Minimally invasive therapies can alleviate pain and improve walking in individuals with persistent foot and ankle pain. Objectives: The current study aimed to define the protracted consequences of tibial nerve blocks with steroids for individuals with persistent foot pain and to investigate the link between the thermography of the plantar foot and the beneficial effect of a tibial nerve block with steroids. Methods: All patients with chronic foot pain (n = 45) in this cohort underwent a block of the tibial nerve in the Department of Pain Therapy of Pain Clinic De Bilt, Utrecht, Netherlands, within November 2019 to April 2020. The thermographic images of patients were taken before and after injection. Results were retrospectively evaluated after 18 months. Results: In this study, 53% of the patients had pain relief at 7 weeks of follow-up with a unilateral or bilateral block of the tibial nerve. An improvement in walking distance was reported by 22% of the patients. Side effects of the tibial nerve block reported at 7 weeks of follow-up increased pain (5%) and the occurrence of leg cramps (5%) among the treated patients. At 18 months, 45% of the successfully treated feet still had benefits. A difference between the big toe’s temperature and the foot’s average temperature of less than -0.9°C on thermography before and after the tibial nerve block can predict a beneficial result of therapy. Conclusions: Tibial nerve block provides a safe, minimally invasive treatment option for almost half of the patients with painful feet in this cohort, and when successful, it can last a long term. Thermographic imaging of the plantar foot can predict only to a small extent the beneficial effect of the tibial nerve block with steroids on foot pain. Tibial nerve block should be considered when custom foot orthoses have been inadequate for pain relief or restricted walking distance.
K perspektívam školského dejepisu v kontexte elektronických médií
Authors: Katarína Lukáčová , Miriama Filčáková
Published: January 2023

With the inevitable integration of digital technologies into education, the current approach to teaching faces a new and difficult challenge. Life with the Internet and computing is here to stay. Education should now focus on the application of digital technologies, the development of constructivist and exploratory learning and contribute to students’ critical and analytical thinking. Mastering digital competences seems to be a key factor in the successful integration of digital technologies into the educational process, not only for students but especially for teachers. However, this process needs to be systematically and theoretically underpinned by, and continuously updated through, methodological procedures reflecting the ongoing digitisation and the implementation of these procedures in individual school subjects. The development of digital humanities and the ongoing digitisation of historical sources are transforming how history is taught at schools. In this regard, the Czech environment, in particular, is an inspiration for Slovakia. It shows us a way in which ongoing digitisation can be effectively wielded as a tool by constructivist education. We are attempting to cover all of the above challenges through our dejinovy.sk web project. The project is extremely challenging but also intensely rewarding, providing constant opportunities for self-improvement, especially in research in the digital humanities.