bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AZFa candidate gene UTY and its X homologue UTX are expressed in human germ cells
Authors: Vogt Peter H , Zimmer Jutta , Bender Ulrike , Strowitzki Thomas
Published: May 2021

The Ubiquitous Transcribed Y (UTY a.k.a. KDM6C) AZFa candidate gene on the human Y chromosome and its paralog on the X chromosome, UTX (a.k.a. KDM6A), encode a histone lysine demethylase removing chromatin H3K27 methylation marks at genes transcriptional start sites for activation. Both proteins harbour the conserved Jumonji C (JmjC) domain, functional in chromatin metabolism, and an extended N-terminal tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) block involved in specific protein interactions. Specific antisera for human UTY and UTX proteins were developed to distinguish the expression of both proteins in human germ cells by immunohistochemical experiments on appropriate tissue sections. In the male germ line, UTY was expressed in the fraction of A spermatogonia located at the basal membrane, probably including spermatogonia stem cells. UTX expression was more spread in all spermatogonia and in early spermatids. In female germ line, UTX expression was found in the primordial germ cells of the ovary. UTY was also expressed during fetal male germ cell development, whereas UTX expression was visible only at distinct gestation weeks. Based on these results and the conserved neighboured location of UTY and DDX3Y in Yq11 found in mammals of distinct lineages, we conclude that UTY, such as DDX3Y, is part of the Azoospermia factor a (AZFa) locus functioning in human spermatogonia to support the balance of their proliferation-differentiation rate before meiosis. Comparable UTY and DDX3Y expression was also found in gonadoblastoma and dysgerminoma cells found in germ cell nests of the dysgenetic gonads of individuals with disorders of sexual development and a Y chromosome in karyotype (DSD-XY). This confirms that AZFa overlaps with GBY, the Gonadoblastoma susceptibility Y locus, and includes the UTY gene.

Lay Summary

AZFa Y genes are involved in human male germ cells development and support gonadoblastoma (germ cell tumour precursor cells) in the aberrant germ cells of the gonads of females with genetic disorders of sexual development. The AZFa UTY gene on the male Y chromosome is equivalent to UTX on the female X chromosome. These genes are involved in removing gene regulators to enable activation of other genes (i.e. removal of histone methylation known as epigenetic modifications). We wanted to learn the function of UTY and UTX in developing sperm and eggs in human tissues and developed specific antibodies to detect both proteins made by these genes. Both UTY and UTX proteins were detected in adult and fetal sperm precursor cells (spermatogonia). UTX was detected in egg precursor cells (primordial germ cells). UTY was detected in gonadoblastoma and dysgerminoma tumour cells (germ cell tumours originating from genetic disorders of sexual development due to having a Y chromosome). Based on our study, we conclude that UTY is not only part of AZFa, but also of GBY the overlapping gonadoblastoma susceptibility Y region.
Narrativism, Reductionism and Four-Dimensionalism
Authors: Muñoz Corcuera Alfonso
Published: May 2021

In a successful series of papers, Schroer and Schroer presented a reductionist narrative account of personal identity (R. Schroer, 2013; J. W. Schroer & Schroer, 2014). They claimed that their reductionist account had advantages over traditional narrative theories. In this paper I intend to show that they were wrong. Although it is possible to defend a reductionist narrative account, the Schroers’ theory has a problem of circularity. And solving that problem will cause their theory to have much more problems than non-reductionist narrative theories. Consequently, they should either present a new and improved reductionist narrative account, or accept that non-reductionist narrative theories are better suited to account for the problem of personal identity.
Deleuze y la onto-topología de la expresión: el pliegue como movimiento fundamental de la filosofía de la diferencia
Authors: Santaya Gonzalo
Published: May 2021

Este artículo presenta una interpretación de la ontología desarrollada por Deleuze en Différence et répétition (1968) en clave topológica. Para eso, se argumenta que las tesis deleuzianas relativas al Ser como unívoco y diferencial se apoyan en una teoría de la expresión que supone una concepción de la espacialidad que rebasa la euclidiana. El detalle de esta dinámica espacial es abordado mediante una serie de nociones matemáticas que asisten la producción deleuziana de sus conceptos ontológicos principales, definiendo la expresión y sus momentos a partir de la interacción entre distintos tipos de multiplicidades habitadas por pliegues heterogéneos.
Regenerated cellulose by the Lyocell process, a brief review of the process and properties
Authors: Zhang Shaokai , Chen Chunxia , Duan Chao , Hu Huichao , Li Hailong , Li Jianguo , Liu Yishan , Ma Xiaojuan , Stavik Jaroslav , Ni Yonghao
Published: May 2021

Lyocell fiber has emerged as an important class of regenerated cellulose that is produced based on the N-methyl morpholine-N-oxide (NMMO) dissolution method, and it has unique properties compared to viscose fiber. The NMMO technology provides a simple, resource-conserving, and environmentally friendly method for producing regenerated cellulose fiber. In this paper, the manufacturing process, environmental impact, and product quality of lyocell fiber are reviewed and compared with those of the conventional viscose fiber.
Management approach to motivation of white-collar employees in forest enterprises
Authors: Hitka Miloš , Lorincová Silvia , Gejdoš Miloš , Klarić Kristina , Weberová Dagmar
Published: May 2021

Employee motivation is a prerequisite for the effective development of the potential of human resources. Therefore, motivation processes are important. The aim of the paper was to define the motivational priorities of white-collar employees in forest enterprises. Following the research results, cluster analysis statistical methods were used to define employee groups with similar motivations. The research was carried out in 11 forest enterprises with 195 total respondents. The results indicated that it is possible to create a unified motivation program with selected motivation factors for white-collar employees in forest enterprises. Defined groups had similar levels of motivation in individual motivation factors. Three significant motivation factors were determined: basic salary, working environment, and fair appraisal system. These motivation factors can be systematically implemented as a tool to improve the level of motivation of individual groups. It is important to consider that conditions and work environments change over time, so an effective motivation program must be updated regularly in order to produce sustained benefits.
Strength and stiffness analyses of standard and double mortise and tenon joints
Authors: Hajdarevic Seid , Obucina Murco , Mesic Elmedin , Martinovic Sandra
Published: May 2021

This paper investigated the effect of the tenon length on the strength and stiffness of the standard mortise and tenon joints, as well of the double mortise and tenon joints, that were bonded by poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) and polyurethane (PU) glues. The strength was analyzed by measuring applied load and by calculating ultimate bending moment and bending moment at the proportional limit. Stiffness was evaluated by measuring displacement and by calculating the ratio of applied force and displacement along the force line. The results were compared with the data obtained by the simplified static expressions and numerical calculation of the orthotropic linear-elastic model. The results indicated that increasing tenon length increased the maximal moment and proportional moment of the both investigated joints types. The analytically calculated moments were increased more than the experimental values for both joint types, and they had generally lower values than the proportional moments for the standard tenon joints, as opposed to the double tenon joints. The Von Mises stress distribution showed characteristic zones of the maximum and increased stress values. These likewise were monitored in analytical calculations. The procedures could be successfully used to achieve approximate data of properties of loaded joints.
The (De)Legitimisation of Lithuanian Opposition to Ostrovets Nuclear Power Plant Through International Atomic Energy Agency
Authors: Juozaitis Justinas
Published: May 2021

Lithuanian foreign policy perceives International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) as an organization with the most significant authority in nuclear safety, capable of assessing Ostrovets NPP's compliance with international nuclear safety standards objectively. Simultaneously, the IAEA is one of the most important international institutions through which Lithuania sought to reveal the shortcomings of the Ostrovets NPP while attempting to legitimize its critical position towards the power plant. Given the relevance of IAEA in Lithuanian foreign policy, the article examines IAEA's public discourse on nuclear energy in Belarus. It aims to assess its role in the process of legitimizing Lithuania's opposition to Ostrovets NPP. After analyzing the IAEA’s leadership statements, the official press releases and the reports published by the peer-review missions during 2007 – 2020, the paper concludes that the IAEA formed a public discourse that exclusively favoured Belarus and significantly contradicted to Lithuania's official position. In this way, the IAEA did not legitimize Lithuania's foreign policy towards Ostrovets NPP. On the contrary, the organization supported nuclear energy development in Belarus. In relation with the findings, the paper provides three suggestions for reshaping the role of IAEA in Lithuanian foreign policy.
The Structures of Conceptual Transformation in the European Space
Authors: Almekinders Mathijs
Published: May 2021

This book review critiques Conceptual History in the European Space by Willibald Steinmetz, Michael Freeden, and Javier Fernández-Sebastián. The publication offers the reader a unique perspective on conceptual history by providing innovative and unique approaches that demonstrate the development of the practice in a post-Koselleckian era. The review will evaluate and dissect the collective essays, as well as the effectiveness of the new dimensions of conceptual history added by the different authors that produced this volume.
Printed-Book Reading Habits of Pre-Service Science-Teacher Students
Authors: Bachtiar Imam
Published: May 2021

AbstractMany studies reported that reading can improve academic achievements, critical thinking skills, confidence, social behavior, and all characters required by students to get a better job and better life. In the Disruption Era, however, many students are potentially disrupted by social media interactions that affected their reading habits. The present study was aimed to explore the reading habits of students in the printed textbook. The study was carried out in 2019, involving 469 students from three study programs of the Department of Mathematics and Science Education, i.e. Biology Education, Chemistry Education, and Physics Education. Data were collected using questionnaires in a convenience sampling method with a sample of about 70% of the population. Results show that 81% of students read printed textbooks two hours or less per day, and 53% spend less than one hour. There are a few students, however, who read textbooks more than four hours per day. Students' visit to the library is mostly (35%) 3-4 times per year and >5 times per year (33%). Reading for leisure is not very popular among the students. Multiple regression models showed that students' science textbooks, students' interest in information technology books, the number of literature read, and the number of bought-books significantly determine the duration of students' reading time. Potential methods to improve students' reading habits are discussed.AbstrakBanyak penelitian sudah melaporkan bahwa membaca dapat meningkatkan kemampuan akademis, ketrampilan berfikir kritis, perilaku sosial, dan semua karakter yang diperlukan mehasiswa untuk memperoleh pekerjaan yang bagus dan kehidupan yang lebih baik. Pada Era Disrupsi sekarang ini, banyak mahasiswa yang berpotensi terganggu oleh media interaksi sosial yang dapat mengganggu kebiasaan membaca mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi kebiasaan membaca buku teks cetakan pada mahasiswa. Penelitian dilakukan pada tahun 2019, yang melibatkan 469 mahasiswa sebagai sampel dari tiga program studi di Jurusan Pendidikan Matematika dan IPA, yaitu Pendidikan Biologi, Pendidikan Kimia, dan Pendidikan Fisika. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui kuesioner dengan metode convinience sampling, dengan jumlah sampel sekitar 70% dari populasi. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa 81% mahasiswa membaca buku cetakan dua jam atau kurang per hari, dan 53% membaca kurang dari satu jam per hari. Sebagian kecil mahasiswa mengaku membaca buku cetakan lebih dari empat jam per hari. Kunjungan mahasiswa ke perpustakaan umumnya 3-4 kali per semester (35%) dan >5 kali per semester (33%). Kegiatan membaca untuk hiburan tidak populer pada mahasiswa. Model regresi berganda menunjukkan bahwa minat mahasiswa terhadap buku sains, minat mahasiswa terhadap buku teknologi informasi, jumlah buku sastra yang dibaca, dan jumlah buku yang dibeli mahasiswa, merupakan empat variabel yang dapat memprediksi lama waktu membaca mahasiswa. Cara-cara yang potensial untuk meningkatkan kebiasaan membaca mahasiswa didiskusikan.
Successful Accreditation Techniques
Authors: Baker Shirley , Camden-Anders Sherry
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe challenges of accreditation reviews create a sense of stress across academic institutions that can be significantly reduced when strategies are implemented and maintained. Understanding the purpose, value, and benefits of the accreditation process is critical. Two techniques that lead to accreditation success include ongoing program meetings resulting in assigned tasks that address government or commission evaluation standards, and the use of a program matrix. The article includes meeting strategies and a universally adaptable matrix design. Moving from stress to success is possible when the techniques are linked to all standards and subsections, and each task successfully meets accreditation requirements.AbstrakTantangan akreditasi menciptakan rasa stres di seluruh institusi akademik, hal ini dapat dikurangi, secara signifikan ketika strategi diterapkan dan dipertahankan. Memahami tujuan, nilai, dan manfaat dari proses akreditasi sangatlah penting. Dua teknik yang mengarah pada keberhasilan akreditasi, termasuk  program rapat yang sedang berjalan sehingga menghasilkan tugas-tugas saat membahas standar evaluasi pemerintah atau komisi, dan penggunaan matriks program. Artikel ini mencakup strategi rapat dan desain matriks yang dapat disesuaikan secara universal. Beralih dari rasa stres akan keberhasilan akreditasi, hal ini memungkinkan jika teknik ini dikaitkan dengan semua standar dan subbagian, serta setiap tugas yang berhasil memenuhi persyaratan akreditasi.How to Cite:  Baker, S., Camden-Anders, S. (2020).  Successful Accreditation Techniques. TARBIYA: Journal of Education in Muslim Society, 7(2), 226-240. doi:10.15408/tjems.v7i2. 20592.
Trends in Retinopathy of Prematurity Screening and Treatment: 2008–2018
Authors: Prakalapakorn S. Grace , Greenberg Lucy , Edwards Erika M. , Ehret Danielle E.Y.
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is the leading avoidable and treatable cause of childhood blindness in the United States. The objective of this study was to evaluate trends of ROP screening, incidence, and treatment in US NICUs over the last 11 years.

METHODS:

Using standardized data submitted by NICUs from US Vermont Oxford Network member hospitals from 2008 to 2018 on very low birth weight infants hospitalized at the recommended age for ROP screening, we assessed trends in the proportion of eligible infants who received ROP screening, incidence, and treatment of ROP using logistic regression models.

RESULTS:

This study included 381 065 very low birth weight infants at 819 US NICUs participating in Vermont Oxford Network. Over time, more eligible infants received ROP screening (89% in 2008 to 91% in 2018, trend P < .001). Among those screened, overall ROP (stages 1–5, 37% in 2008 to 32% in 2018), severe ROP (stages 3–5, 8% in 2008 to 6% in 2018), and retinal ablation (6% in 2008 to 2% in 2018) declined and anti–vascular endothelial growth factor injections (1% in 2012 to 2% in 2018) increased (all trend P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS:

Among US hospitals from 2008 to 2018, the proportion of ROP screening among infants hospitalized at the recommended age increased, less overall and severe ROP were reported, less retinal ablation was performed, and more anti–vascular endothelial growth factor treatment was used. Despite increased ROP screening over time, 10% of infants were not screened, representing an opportunity for improvement in health care delivery.
Effectiveness of a modern antiparasitic agent for deworming in domestic animals
Authors: Paliy A.P. , Petrov R.P. , Palii A.P.
Published: May 2021

Parasitic diseases continue to account for a significant proportion of overall morbidity in many parts of the world despite improved living conditions and increased awareness of health issues. The creation of innovative veterinary antiparasitic agents is a promising area of modern veterinary pharmacy. The pathogens Dipylidium caninum, Ancylostoma caninum, Toxocara canis, Toxocaris leonina were identified in the study of stray dogs (n=12). Eggs of Dipylidium caninum, Toxocara mystax, and Toxocaris leonina were found during cats' examination (n=15). Both mono and mixed invasions have been diagnosed in animals. We established that the floor and inventory were contaminated with exogenous forms of helminths at an extent of 100% after keeping animals in the shelter's enclosures. An innovative antiparasitic agent was used to treat animals. One tablet (0.5 g) contains the following active ingredients such as pyrantel pamoate (150±0.5 mg), praziquantel (50±0.5 mg), and auxiliary substances (lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, calcium stearate, sodium chloride, food flavoring "meat", povidone K-30 and potato starch). We estimated high antiparasitic agents' extensive efficiency (100%) at mono and mixed invasions in dogs and cats.
Major cucumber diseases and the crop immunity
Authors: Bondarenko S.V. , Stankevych S.V. , Matsyura A.V.
Published: May 2021

In Ukraine, cucumber (Cucumis sativus Linneus) annually occupies about 20 % of the total area of all vegetable crops sown in the open ground or 52.6 thousand hectares. The main reason that significantly reduces the quantitative and qualitative indicators of this vegetable crop's main valuable economic traits is the high incidence of commercial crops with diseases, especially downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora cubensis (Berk and M.A. Curtis) Rostovtsev). Since 1985 in Ukraine, this cucumber disease in the open ground on nonresistant varieties has continuously had intense development, in some years the development – by the type of epiphytotic. Simultaneously, the shortage of commercial yield of this vegetable crop due to the defeat of this disease under the field conditions can reach the level of 50–80 % or more, seed loss – 25–70 %. One of the main reasons for significant losses of commercial yield and seeds of gherkin cucumber under the conditions of its cultivation in the open ground is recognized as the high susceptibility of samples to some diseases, particularly downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora cubensis (Berk. and M.A. Curtis) Rostovtsev). Unfortunately, this problem has remained relevant for Ukraine over the past few decades. So, obtaining the initial material of a gherkin cucumber with a harmonious combination in the genotypes of a complex of various valuable economic characteristics (yield, quality, resistance to diseases, chemical substances content, suitability for various types of processing) and creating a modern competitive, innovative product (variety, hybrid) on its basis remains a relevant and priority task for domestic agricultural science at present. At the same time, scientists have proved that introducing complex (integrated) systems into production, which expect the biologization of protection with its transfer to an ecological and economic basis, is recognized as the most promising today. We suggested using resistant varieties (hybrids) in such integrated systems that provide the highest economic effect.
Adaptación de mezclas forrajeras a diferentes niveles de enmienda y riego en Nariño, Colombia
Authors: Portillo López Paola Andrea , Meneses Buitrago Diego Hernán , Lagos Burbano Elizabeth , Duter Nisivoccia María E. , Castro Rincón Edwin
Published: May 2021

Introducción. La ganadería de leche especializada del trópico alto de Nariño se enfrenta a diferentes limitantes, como la variabilidad y estacionalidad de la oferta forrajera. Objetivo. Evaluar seis mezclas de forrajes perennes, anuales y leguminosas, tres niveles de enmienda y dos niveles de riego en el trópico alto de Nariño. Materiales y métodos. El estudio se desarrolló entre diciembre de 2017 y noviembre de 2018, en el centro de investigación Obonuco de la Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques completos al azar, con un arreglo de parcelas subdivididas. Se midió: vigor, altura, cobertura, número de hojas, incidencia de plagas, incidencia y severidad de enfermedades, deficiencias nutricionales y materia seca (MS). Para el análisis se empleó el software R V.3.6.0. Resultados. La asociación (gramínea y leguminosa) generó un efecto directo sobre el rendimiento de MS, cobertura y número de hojas, la mejor mezcla fue la compuesta por Dactylis glomerata, Trifolium repens L. y Trifolium pratense L. Para la variable altura los mayores valores los presentó la mezcla Tetrablend 260. La mayoría de tratamientos se mantuvieron en escalas sin daño y daño leve para las variables incidencia de plagas, severidad de enfermedades y deficiencias nutricionales. Conclusiones. Las mezclas de gramíneas y leguminosas presentaron ventajas comparativas frente al monocultivo de gramíneas puras, en cuanto a rendimiento de MS y variables agronómicas. En general, todos los tratamientos se mantuvieron en umbrales de daño mínimo y leve para las variables fitosanitarias.
Gallinas Sex Link Negro y Rhode Island Red con acceso a pastoreo: productividad y comportamiento
Authors: Cruz Bermúdez Ana , WingChing Jones Rodolfo , Zamora Sanabria Rebeca
Published: May 2021

Introducción. Conocer los indicadores productivos y de comportamiento de las aves permite optimizar el sistema en pastoreo. Objetivo. Describir rendimientos, manejo de las pasturas y comportamiento de gallinas Rhode Island Red (RIR) y Sex Link Negro (SLN) en un sistema de alojamiento en piso con acceso a pastoreo. Materiales y métodos. La investigación se realizó en Turrialba, Cartago, entre octubre 2016 y enero 2018, con 210 gallinas SLN y 180 RIR con una edad de 13 a 80 semanas. Se obtuvo el peso corporal, porcentaje de uniformidad, mortalidad, descarte y producción semanal, huevos por ave alojada, conversión alimenticia, consumo de alimento, comportamiento natural, peso y masa del huevo. Se describió el manejo de la pastura, disponibilidad de forraje, relación hoja/tallo y el comportamiento de las aves en los parques (apartos). Resultados. Se observaron menores rendimientos productivos de SLN y RIR al compararse con la línea genética Isa Brown, solamente el peso de huevo fue mayor para las gallinas RIR. Se observó desperdicio de alimento en ambos grupos de aves, la principal causa de muerte fue descarte de aves subordinadas, picaje y canibalismo. Los comportamientos observados fueron rascar, picotear y baños de arena. Al entrar las aves SLN y RIR en los parques, se registraron producciones de forraje de 5033 y 3460 kg MF ha-1, respectivamente. Se obtuvo una relación hoja/tallo >1, lo que reflejó una mayor preferencia de las gallinas por las hojas al pastorear. Conclusión. En el sistema de alojamiento en piso con acceso a pastoreo, las aves evaluadas presentaron bajos rendimientos productivos, estrés por calor, pérdida de plumas por picaje, canibalismo y desperdicio de alimento. El sistema de producción con acceso a pastoreo en las condiciones estudiadas no fue adecuado para las gallinas empleadas.
Evaluación del tizón foliar y la mancha púrpura en semilla de soja en Argentina
Authors: Lavilla M. , Ivancovich A. , Díaz Paleo A.
Published: May 2021

Introducción. El tizón foliar por Cercospora y la mancha púrpura de la semilla son enfermedades endémicas de la soja en Argentina. Objetivo. Evaluar la prevalencia, la incidencia y la severidad del tizón foliar por Cercospora y de la mancha púrpura de la semilla en Argentina durante dos años consecutivos, 2015 y 2016. Materiales y métodos. Los muestreos se realizaron sobre un total de 132 lotes. La evaluación de la prevalencia, la incidencia y la severidad del tizón foliar por Cercospora se realizaron en campo en la etapa reproductiva R6. El análisis de la prevalencia e incidencia de la mancha púrpura de la semilla se realizó en laboratorio. Resultados. El tizón foliar por Cercospora y la mancha púrpura de la semilla se encontraron difundidas en toda la región sojera de Argentina, con una prevalencia del 100 %. En 2015 y 2016 la severidad del tizón foliar por Cercospora fue estadísticamente inferior en la región pampa sur respecto a las demás regiones. La región norte presentó los mayores niveles de severidad del tizón foliar por Cercospora. La incidencia de la mancha púrpura de la semilla no tuvo diferencias estadísticas entre las regiones y años evaluados. No se encontró asociación entre las variables patométricas de ambas enfermedades. No existió una relación cuantitativa entre la severidad de los síntomas del tizón foliar por Cercospora en hoja con la incidencia de la mancha púrpura de la semilla. Conclusión. Ambas enfermedades en estudio se encontraron difundidas en todas las regiones productoras de soja de Argentina.
Nuevos registros de plantas hospedantes de Raoiella indica Hirst en Colombia
Authors: León Martínez Guillermo A. , Campos Pinzón Juan Carlos , Sierra Monroy Janeth Alexandra
Published: May 2021

Introducción. El ácaro rojo de las palmas Raoiella indica Hirst (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) se reconoce como una plaga cuarentenaria sobre hojas de palma de coco, desde 2004 en el continente americano. En Colombia su presencia se registró en 2010 y su dispersión por la costa atlántica ha sido rápida. Para el 2013 se reportó en los departamentos de Atlántico, Bolívar, Córdoba, Guajira, Magdalena, Norte de Santander y Sucre, en plantas de coco (Cocos nucifera), banano (Musa acuminata), heliconias y plátano (Musa paradisiaca). Objetivo. Conocer nuevas plantas hospedantes y la dispersión del ácaro R. indica en tres departamentos de Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Durante los años 2019 a 2020, en los departamentos colombianos del Meta (municipios de Villavicencio, Guamal, San Carlos de Guaroa y Granada), Casanare (municipio de Yopal) y Tolima (municipio del Guamo), se revisaron plantas de las familias Arecaceae, Musaceae y Heliconiaceae, que pudieran ser hospedantes del ácaro R. indica. Resultados. Se encontró que de los veinte taxones de plantas muestreadas, dieciséis son hospedantes de R. indica y de ellos uno constituye un nuevo hospedero. Se registró por primera vez la presencia de R. indica en los tres departamentos, principalmente en palmas de coco y varias plantas hospederas alternas que incluyen palmáceas, musáceas y Heliconia psittacorum. Conclusiones. El ácaro rojo R. indica se reportó por primera vez de manera oficial en los departamentos colombianos del Meta, Casanare y Tolima, y la palma de seje, Oenocarpus bataua Burret, se reporta como una nueva especie de planta hospedera para R. indica en Colombia.
Prevalencia, incidencia y factores de riesgo de mastitis subclínica en lecherías especializadas en Colombia
Authors: Medrano-Galarza Catalina , Ahumada Beltrán Diego Germán , Romero Zúñiga Juan José , Donado Godoy Pilar
Published: May 2021

Introducción. La mastitis subclínica (MSC) es una de las principales enfermedades en bovinos; estudiar su epidemiología es fundamental para implementar programas de salud. Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia, la incidencia y factores asociados a la mastitis subclínica en lecherías especializadas en Cundinamarca, Colombia. Materiales y Métodos. Se realizó un estudio observacional-analítico, de cohorte-prospectivo. Quince fincas se visitaron tres veces cada 56 días (septiembre-2019 a febrero-2020). En cada visita se realizó la prueba California (CMT), se evaluó suciedad de ubres y miembros posteriores de vacas lactantes y la rutina de ordeño. Se recolectó una muestra de leche por finca para determinar recuentos de células somáticas (RCS) y bacterias (RB). Modelos de regresión logística mixtos se usaron para determinar factores asociados con tener o adquirir MSC, y modelos lineales generalizados para determinar factores asociados a mayor prevalencia de MSC y RB. Se realizaron 960 CMT a 454 vacas. Resultados. Se realizaron 960 CMT a 454 vacas. La prevalencia de MSC (mediana) a nivel-hato fue 50 %, y estuvo directamente asociada con RCS y RB. La incidencia acumulada (mediana), a nivel-hato, para desarrollar una infección nueva y una crónica fue 42 % y 75 %, respectivamente. Factores asociados con tener MSC fueron: multiparidad (Odds ratio: OR≥2,35), lactancia tardía (OR=3,39), no presellar (OR=1,74) y sobreordeñar (OR=1,96). Factores que redujeron el riesgo de adquirir MSC fueron: tener <3 lactancias (OR≤0,29), lactancia temprana-media (OR≤0,32), segregación (OR=0,37) y presellar (OR=0,27). Factores asociados con la probabilidad de una mayor prevalencia de MSC fueron: no segregar (OR=2,42), ni presellar (OR=2,50). Factores asociados con elevados RB fueron: ubres sucias, tiempo de acción del presellador menor a 30 s y tener más de un ordeñador. Conclusión. Multiparidad, lactancia tardía (>180 dias en producción), no segregar, no presellar y sobreordeñar, fueron los factores que se asociaron con adquirir y tener mastitis subclínica, por lo tanto, se deben tener en cuenta en medidas de prevención y control.
Aspectos motivacionais relacionados à prática do método pilates
Authors: Melo Cristina Carvalho de , Noce Franco , Santos Wagner Jorge dos , Silva Michelle Sena de Castro , Martins Filho Jackson , Ugrinowitsch Herbert
Published: May 2021

O presente estudo objetiva identificar os aspectos motivacionais que levam os indivíduos a praticar o Método Pilates. Foi aplicado o questionário IMPRAFE-54 em 52 participantes com o intuito de entender a motivação dos indivíduos para a prática. Variáveis como sexo, faixa etária e tempo de prática foram consideradas. Os resultados mostraram que, de uma forma geral, a amostra se motiva pelo fator saúde seguido pelo prazer. Entender os aspectos motivacionais relacionados à prática do Método Pilates pode contribuir para uma melhor intervenção diretamente associada à satisfação dos praticantes, uma vez que, se entendermos o que leva o individuo a se engajar na modalidade, podemos elaborar uma intervenção que considere esses aspectos melhorando a aderência. A soma do ser de cada indivíduo e seu perfil vão te mostrar os caminhos a serem percorridos com a fundamentação do método.Palavras chave: Pilates, Motivação, Aspectos Psicológicos.
Ewolucja cywilnej kontroli nad siłami zbrojnymi w Polsce na przestrzeni dziejów
Authors: Dziurkowski Dawid
Published: May 2021

Evolution of Civil Control of the Armed Forced in Poland Throughout HistoryIn the history of Poland armed forced were already regulated in the Go-vernment Act of 3rd May, 1791, although their functioning considera-bly differed from the present status of the army. The army had then a national character, which meant that all citizens were obliged to defend the motherland if its safety was threatened. During the period of the Duchy of Warsaw, officially independent, but actually subordi-nated to Napoleon I, the Polish Army was regulated by the Basic Law, which provided that the number of the military should not exceed 300,000. Despite the legal regulations the actual authority over our army was with the Emperor of the French. Later, in the Kingdom of Poland the number of the army has not been specified, but each Tsar of Russia was ex officio also the King of Poland and therefore, he exercised the authority over the Armed Forces. During the inter -war period the formal control of the armed forces was more divided and did not rest with one individual only. As the Second Polish Republic did not last long, its political system did not have time to consolidate properly. It was not by chance that during the Polish People’s Republic the Armed Forced were called “an armed arm of the Party”. It was not until 1989 that the true and actual civilian and democratic control of the military was established. It is not an easy task, but indispensable for the proper functioning of the State, the fundamental function of which is to ensure safety of its citizens.
Demokratyzacja pozorna czy realna? : kilka uwag o ewolucji składu Senatu w debacie konstytucyjnej Sejmu Ustawodawczego
Authors: Magiera Paweł
Published: May 2021

Real or ostensible democratization? A few remarks on the evolution of the composition of the Senate in the constitutional debate of the Legislative Sejm The article is an attempt to answer the question if the process of democratization of the upper house of parliament in subsequent drafts of constitution prepared by the parliamentary Constitutional Commission (in years 1920–1921) was real or was it only an ostensible movement. In fact during the constitutional efforts initial concept of creating the Senate through nomination was changed in favor of the idea of the democratic elections to the upper house of parlia-ment. That regulation was also finally implemented in the March Constitution of Poland. In opinion of the adherents of bicameralism those changes were the results of a compromise with the political opponents that was made to implement the Senate to the constitution. On the other hand, the adherents of monocameralism were convinced that every upper house of parliament is reactionary and that the all new concepts of the Senate were only an ostensible democratization. The attempt to resolve the question that was given in the title based on the analysis of the most important speeches in the constitutional de-bate. The paper was prepared mainly using the parliamentary sources which are the documents and stenographic records of the Legislative Sejm. Also, basic literature was an important support.
Interactive Documents: Language Features and Document Status
Authors:   Volgograd State Technical University, Belous Elena
Published: May 2021

The research is carried out in line with the current problems of modern document linguistics, related to the study of formation peculiarities, design and functioning of new types of documents. It is shown that currently there is a change in the structure of the document in two directions: the unification of the document form and the creation of documents without a clear structure. The concept of "interactive document" is introduced. It refers to a form of hypertext representation, a special material structure (code, program, existing in an electronic environment) created by a person to store and transmit information in space and time, adapted for reading the text (as a logical or associative sequence of speech or non-speech signs). The types of interactive documents (business portal, business website, paper work automation and electronic document management program) are identified. The specifics of the material carrier and the information component of the interactive document are characterized. It is shown that non-rigid structure is characteristic of interactive documents. It is established that information in interactive documents is transmitted through verbal and nonverbal components. The terminological richness of the verbal component of an interactive document and the tendency to move from official to less formal communication in an electronic environment, regardless of the business situation, are revealed. The classification of nonverbal features is developed. It is stated that they are more diverse in comparison with traditional hard copies.
Regional Economic Studies: Place and Role in Interregional and Interstate Cooperation
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Molchanov Igor , Molchanova Natalya ,   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation
Published: May 2021

The article studies the role of regional science and the opportunity of using its tools in spatial social and economic research. The relevance of the topic is explained by the priority influence of geographical location, natural and climatic conditions on the organization of various types of economic life of public law entities. The aim of the study is to find acceptable solutions for intra-, interregional and interstate interaction by all participants in economic relations. Causal relationships in the phenomena and processes under analysis are revealed, general scientific and applied approaches are used: dialectics, analysis and synthesis, comparison, logic and abstraction, induction and deduction, verbal modeling, expert assessments. The relationship between the type and economic situation of administrative and territorial entities, the development of theoretical and methodological foundations of regional science and the use of its tools in economic practice is substantiated. On the basis of the analysis of official information, the emerging contradictions and unifying tendencies in the functioning of regions of different ranks are studied. The conclusion about the desire of constituent entities of federation to expand economic interaction, and the wish of a number of post-soviet countries for the integration of economic relations was made. On the basis of the results of the study, the available set of regional scientific tools, the effectiveness of regulatory measures taken by government authorities is shown. The interstate projects which are currently being implemented and planned for implementation in the nearest future are assessed. The authors make suggestions on the technology for selecting effective economic specialization of regions and embedding their production and infrastructure complexes into the integration processes on the territory of the EAEU. An assessment of the potential for unification processes in Eurasia is made. The presented results can be applied when choosing a problematics for further research and substantiating tactical recommendations that are acceptable for scientific and applied purposes.
Trends and Specific Features of Entrepreneurial Structures Crediting: Regional Aspect
Authors:   Sevastopol State University, Piskun Elena , Khokhlov Vladimir ,   Sevastopol State University, Tarasenko Sergey ,   Sevastopol State University
Published: May 2021

Crediting of entrepreneurial structures is an important element in the development of regional economy. In order to identify trends and features of crediting, an analysis of using credit resources by legal entities and individual entrepreneurs by the type of economic activity in a particular region was carried out on the basis of economic and mathematical methods. The approach offered by the authors with the use of exploratory factor analysis made it possible to identify the preferred sectors of the national economy of the city of Sevastopol from the point of view of the client base for crediting: real estate transactions and construction, industrial production and trade. The first two groups of entrepreneurial structures are the most profitable in the region; their services and products are in high demand. In general, in Russia, the largest amount of credits is given to commercial enterprises, manufacturing industries, and other types of economic activity, the smallest sums go to construction companies, what emphasizes the peculiarities of the provision of credits to economic agents in the city of Sevastopol. There is a general downward trend in entrepreneurial crediting. The developed economic and mathematical tools are offered to local governments as a basic toolkit for the analysis and identification of features, trends in crediting to entrepreneurial structures in the region, identification of the most active economic entities in a certain territory. The corresponding calculation basis for local authorities can also serve as a way to recognize the problems of financing the priority sectors of the national economy of the region, therefore, to be a trigger for their support not only by providing state guarantees to banks, but also by forming a public-private partnership. This will increase the justification of managerial decision-making at the regional level and contribute to the social and economic development of the region.
Goal-Setting Models in Strategies of Constituent Entities of the Russian Federation
Authors:   Pskov State University, Lyubina Alyona
Published: May 2021

The article reviews the legal and regulatory framework for strategic planning at the level of constituent entities of the Russian Federation and identifies problems of the used vocabulary. There is no distinction between the concepts of “strategic priorities”, “priorities of social and economic development”, “priorities of social and economic policy”, “directions of development”. The paper analyzed the content of the strategies of social and economic development of constituent entities of the Russian Federation with a view to existence and sequence of basic concepts of the system of goal setting: “mission”, “strategic priorities”, “goal”, “tasks”, “directions of development” as well as approaches to their essence and content. The main approach to the concept “strategic priority of social and economic development” is to identify it with the goal of social and economic development of the constituent entity (60% of the regions use this concept in the strategy of social and economic development). In addition, most part of constituent entities of the Russian Federation determine the goal of social and economic development as the “main” one, the second most popular is the “strategic” goal. It should be noted that in 6 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, no characteristics are attributed to the goal, and in another 18 regions the overall common goal is not identified. Two basic models of goal setting according to the presence of the mission of constituent entities of the Russian Federation are identified: the inside one (the closed one includes 54 constituent entities of the Russian Federation) and the outside one (the open one includes 31 constituent entities of the Russian Federation). The study offers a detailed classification of the models of goal-setting on the basis of the categories of strategic planning used in the strategies of social and economic development of constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The author suggests a logically consistent model of goal setting linked to other strategic planning documents, and the main tools for goal achievement. The practical use of study results is presented in the opportunity of their use by strategic planners of the region during the development of the strategy of its social and economic development.
Creating a Strategy to Increase the Region’s Investment Attractiveness Based on Balanced Scorecard (Case of Arkhangelsk Region)
Authors:   Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Myakshin Vladimir , Grishina Irina ,   Russian Foreign Trade Academy of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation
Published: May 2021

The purpose of the article is to justify the necessity and possibility of applying a balanced scorecard to identify investment problems in the region. As an object of research, the investment attractiveness of the regional economic system as exemplified by the Arkhangelsk region is considered. The need to develop a balanced approach to assessing the investment attractiveness of the region based on the use of a specially developed system of indicators was substantiated by the authors of the article as a result of an analysis of widely used methodological approaches to the study of regional investment processes. A clear omission of the majority of modern methodological approaches to assessing investment attractiveness is the lack of a mechanism for recording the specific interests of various participants in the regional investment process such as private investors, the population of the region, and state authorities. In the article, the importance of developing a mechanism for coordinating the interests of various actors of the investment process is demonstrated based on the theoretical positions of the institutional and regional economics, as well as investment regionalistics exploring in detail the issues of investment attractiveness of regional economic systems in correlation with investment activity in them. The possibility of forming a mechanism for coordinating interests based on a balanced scorecard for assessing the investment attractiveness of the region, considering the information needs of each of the identified user groups, is shown. In accordance with the proposed methodological approach, the objectives of the regional investment policy can be decomposed and represented by a set of qualitative and quantitative indicators – the target values of a balanced scorecard – components of the region’s investment attractiveness for various actors of the investment process. In turn, the actual values achieved in the region throughout the system of indicators inform the results of the implementation of the regional investment policy – the degree of achievement of the set goals. The balanced scorecard can be used as the basis for the formation of an effective strategy for increasing the investment attractiveness of the region.
Planning of Regional Spatial Development According to Ecosystem Principle
Authors:   V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Borsch Lyudmila , Gerasimova Svetlana ,   V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Panaedova Galina ,   North Caucasus Federal University
Published: May 2021

The article presents the position of the authors on the study of the relevant scientific and practical problem of planning, perspective spatial regional development by means of changing the structure of regional economy to a model based on the ecosystem principle. The purpose of the study is to plan the spatial development of regions in the future periods of ecosystem forming. The solution of significant problems mentioned above in the context of ensuring the goal of spatial development determines the relevance of the research topic. The elements of the dialectics of interrelations and principles of development, the method of synthesis, deduction, the statistical method (when determining the quantitative aspect of processes and phenomena during the transition to a new quality), natural general economic laws (for the formation of the development of effective spatial regional policy in the future) are used. The analysis of the features of the transition of a person and his knowledge from the factual paradigm of knowledge accumulation to the methodological one is made. Innovation processes as the basis of economic development arranged according to the principle of an ecosystem are studied. A philosophical methodological approach of a new axiomatic spatial development of regions based on new ontologies (from one to different, from different to harmony, from harmony into a new whole) is suggested. This approach forms a collective image of an ecosystem. The conceptual foundations of the transfer of the regional economy to an ecosystem through the inversion of control through modeling (production processes, resource potential) are revealed. The principles of the ecosystem are formed as the highest form of the social and economic environment for the development of new production processes against the background of the development of the human mind. New approaches to the transition of production processes from competition to cooperation have been formed, transforming the management system from a subjective activity to an objective one.