bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Reconstitution Between Copper Single Atoms and Clusters for Electrocatalytic Urea Synthesis
Authors: Wei Xiaoxiao , Liu Yingying , Zhu Xiaorong , Bo Shuowen , Xiao Lei , Chen Chen , Nga Ta Thi Thuy , He Yuanqing , Qiu Mengyi , Xie Chao , Wang Dongdong , Liu Qinghua , Dong Fan , Dong Chung‐Li , Fu Xian‐Zhu , Wang Shuangyin
Published: February 2023

Electrocatalytic CN coupling between carbon dioxide and nitrate has emerged to meet the comprehensive demands of carbon footprint closing, valorization of waste, and sustainable manufacture of urea. However, the identification of catalytic active sites and the design of efficient electrocatalysts remain a challenge. Herein, the synthesis of urea catalyzed by copper single atoms decorated on a CeO2 support (denoted as Cu1–CeO2) is reported. The catalyst exhibits an average urea yield rate of 52.84 mmol h−1 gcat.−1 at −1.6 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode. Operando X‐ray absorption spectra demonstrate the reconstitution of copper single atoms (Cu1) to clusters (Cu4) during electrolysis. These electrochemically reconstituted Cu4 clusters are real active sites for electrocatalytic urea synthesis. Favorable CN coupling reactions and urea formation on Cu4 are validated using operando synchrotron‐radiation Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. Dynamic and reversible transformations of clusters to single‐atom configurations occur when the applied potential is switched to an open‐circuit potential, endowing the catalyst with superior structural and electrochemical stabilities.
Extended Isogeometric Analysis of Cracked Piezoelectric Materials in the Presence of Flexoelectricity
Authors: Unnikrishnan Gokul Krishna , Sharma Saurav , Pathak Himanshu , Chauhan Vishal Singh , Jain Satish Chandra
Published: February 2023

To accurately analyze the fracture behavior of piezoceramics at small length scales, flexoelectricity must be considered along with piezoelectricity. Due to its dependence on size, flexoelectricity predominates at the micro‐ and nano‐length scales. Additionally, crack tips having the largest strain gradient state cause large flexoelectricity around them. Different approaches are employed in the past to model cracks computationally. However, extended isogeometric analysis (XIGA) is proven to be an accurate and efficient method. C1 continuity requirements for modeling gradients in flexoelectricity are met by non‐uniform rational B‐splines (NURBS) basis functions used in XIGA. In this work, XIGA‐based computational model is developed and implemented to study the fracture behavior of the piezoelectric‐flexoelectric domain. An in‐house MATLAB code is developed for the same. Several numerical examples are studied to ensure the efficacy and efficiency of the implemented model, and crack behavior is presented in the form of an electro‐mechanical J‐integral. The analysis is carried out to investigate how cracks behave for different flexoelectric coefficients under different electrical and mechanical loading combinations. J‐integral is also analyzed against crack parameters such as crack orientation and length. It is observed that boundary loads and flexoelectric material constants significantly influence J‐integral. Results also show a considerable amount of fracture toughening in the presence of flexoelectricity. The peak value of J‐integral is found to be reduced with an increase in the flexoelectric coefficient. A significant reduction in J‐integral, as much as 45%, is observed when the flexoelectric constant varied from 0.5 to 2 µCm−1.
Implementation of the SIMPL (Society for Improving Medical Professional Learning) performance assessment tool in the emergency department: A pilot study
Authors: Haas Mary R. C. , Davis Mallory G. , Harvey Carrie E. , Huang Rob , Scott Kirstin W. , George Brian C. , Wnuk Gregory M. , Burkhardt John
Published: February 2023

Background

Feedback and assessment are difficult to provide in the emergency department (ED) setting despite their critical importance for competency‐based education, and traditional end‐of‐shift evaluations (ESEs) alone may be inadequate. The SIMPL (Society for Improving Medical Professional Learning) mobile application has been successfully implemented and studied in the operative setting for surgical training programs as a point‐of‐care tool that incorporates three assessment scales in addition to dictated feedback. SIMPL may represent a viable tool for enhancing workplace‐based feedback and assessment in emergency medicine (EM).

Methods

We implemented SIMPL at a 4‐year EM residency program during a pilot study from March to June 2021 for observable activities such as medical resuscitations and related procedures. Faculty and residents underwent formal rater training prior to launch and were asked to complete surveys regarding the SIMPL app's content, usability, and future directions at the end of the pilot.

Results

A total of 36/58 (62%) of faculty completed at least one evaluation, for a total of 190 evaluations and an average of three evaluations per faculty. Faculty initiated 130/190 (68%) and residents initiated 60/190 (32%) evaluations. Ninety‐one percent included dictated feedback. A total of 45/54 (83%) residents received at least one evaluation, with an average of 3.5 evaluations per resident. Residents generally agreed that SIMPL increased the quality of feedback received and that they valued dictated feedback. Residents generally did not value the numerical feedback provided from SIMPL. Relative to the residents, faculty overall responded more positively toward SIMPL. The pilot generated several suggestions to inform the optimization of the next version of SIMPL for EM training programs.

Conclusions

The SIMPL app, originally developed for use in surgical training programs, can be implemented for use in EM residency programs, has positive support from faculty, and may provide important adjunct information beyond current ESEs.
Novel different furoic acid‐linked axial silicon phthalocyanines: Design, syntheses, cholinesterases, tyrosinase inhibitory, and DNA damage studies
Authors: Yalazan Halise , Akkaya Didem , Seyhan Gökçe , Barut Burak , Kantekin Halit
Published: February 2023

There is still no specific treatment for Alzheimer's disease, which is a very important public health problem due to the increasing elderly population, especially in developed countries. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitors have been used for the treatment of this disease in recent years. Tyrosinase inhibitors are used preventively in Parkinson's disease, pigmentation disorders, and skin aging. Hence, there is a need for novel enzyme inhibitors with desirable properties for the treatment of these diseases. In this study, axial silicon phthalocyanine compounds (FURO‐M‐SiPc, FURO‐Cl‐SiPc, and FURO‐Br‐SiPc) containing different furoic acid derivatives were synthesized, and their structures were elucidated by common spectroscopic methods (FT‐IR, MS, UV‐Vis, and NMR). The inhibitory properties of the compounds were subjected using spectrophotometric methods on AChE, BChE, and tyrosinase enzymes. DNA damage studies were investigated using the agarose electrophoresis gel method to determine whether the compounds cause DNA damage. The IC50 value of FURO‐M‐SiPc (65.57 ± 2.46 μM) was found to be close to that of galantamine (52.82 ± 1.04 μM). As a result of the Lineweaver–Burk plot, FURO‐M‐SiPc inhibited BChE via competitive manner. In tyrosinase inhibitory studies, the IC50 values of FURO‐Br‐SiPc, FURO‐M‐SiPc, and FURO‐Cl‐SiPc were 164.82 ± 10.66 μM, 138.09 ± 8.89 μM, and 149.75 ± 6.71 μM, respectively. Finally, the compounds did not damage DNA under the experimental conditions. All these results showed that the FURO‐M‐SiPc showed a high inhibition effect against the BChE enzyme and was suitable for further studies, since the compounds did not cause DNA damage.
Novel arylplatinum complexes with 2,2′‐dimethyl‐4,4′‐bithiazole: Synthesis, characterization, single crystal structure determination, and investigation of CT‐DNA interaction
Authors: Noori Maryam , Shafaatian Bita , Notash Behrouz
Published: February 2023

Arylplatinum complexes containing 2,2′‐dimethyl‐4,4′‐bithiazole (a ligand with two different sulfur and nitrogen donor atoms, dm4bt) were synthesized by the reaction of [PtPh2(S (CH3)2)2] and [Pt(p‐CH3C6H4)2(S (CH3)2)2] with dm4bt in a 1:1 stoichiometry. In these heteroleptic platinum complexes, dm4bt was coordinated to the Pt centers as a chelating ligand using N2 donor atoms. The synthesized platinum(II) complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, conductometry, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis). The single crystal structure of the para‐tolyl platinum(II) complex, including dm4bt, was obtained by X‐ray crystallography. To investigate the interaction of DNA with the organoplatinum(II) complexes, different methods like fluorescence, absorption spectroscopy, and viscometry were employed. Furthermore, thermodynamic parameters such as entropy and enthalpy of the interaction between DNA and the complexes were calculated. According to the resulting positive entropy and enthalpy changes, it was demonstrated that the interaction originated from the hydrophobic forces.
Polymer‐based separator for all‐solid‐state batteries produced by additive manufacturing
Authors: Wudy Katrin , Sapishchuk Svitlana , Hofmann Joseph , Schmidt Jochen , Konwitschny Fabian , Töpper Hans‐Christoph , Daub Ruediger
Published: February 2023

The high demand for an efficient energy supply for various applications facilitates the development of innovative storage technologies like all‐solid‐state batteries in addition to novel production technologies. Compared to the conventional manufacturing process, additive manufacturing (AM) is a promising technology used for the rapid and cost‐effective production of battery components containing separators. However, AM technologies like laser‐based powder bed fusion of polymers (PBF‐LB/P) have been neglected so far. The present research aims to fill this research gap and outline a novel approach for processing polymers like polyethylene oxide (PEO) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) into separators using PBF‐LB/P. Optimal process parameters for manufacturing PVDF and PEO with PBF‐LB/P to generate homogeneous and dense layers represent the key findings of this paper and provide a deeper process understanding. The first proof of concept for producing separator layers by PBF‐LB/P in a scalable process is demonstrated as a result.
Recycling waste polyurethane from the refrigeration industry as filler inSBR/NRcomposites for industrial applications
Authors: Hiranobe Carlos Toshiyuki , Tolosa Gabrieli Roefero , de Almeida Santos Gleyson Tadeu , de Oliveira João Pedro Jenson , Budemberg Eduardo Roque , da Silva Michael Jones , Cabrera Flávio Camargo , Job Aldo Eloizo , Paim Leonardo Lataro , Torres Giovanni Barrera , dos Santos Renivaldo José
Published: February 2023

The refrigeration industry produces millions of tons of waste polyurethane (PU) every year, which can cause environmental damage and human health problems. This article analyzes the use of waste PU as filler in composites made of styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) and natural rubber (NR) to produce shoe soles. The interfacial interaction of said filler was evaluated by the Flory–Rehner method (swelling) using the equation developed by Lorenz–Park. The results of this evaluation were later compared with those obtained by the Mooney–Rivlin method using the data from stress–strain tests. According to the results of the tensile strength tests, the composites filled with waste PU present stress–strain curves that are like those of metallic materials that have low elastic strength but high plastic strength. Using the Lorenz–Park equation, the filled composites examined in this study exhibited values above 0.7, which means a strong filler–rubber interaction. Scanning Electron Microscopy and Fourier‐Transform Infrared Spectroscopy were used to investigate the morphology of the composites in detail.
Benzylic Alcohol Oxidation using Copper Oxide/ZincOxide/Zirconia Nanocomposite Catalysts
Authors: Mokhtar Mohamed , Panja Subir , Alshehri Abdulmohsen , Halawani Wael , Maiti Debabrata
Published: February 2023

Herein, we have developed a nanocomposite catalyst for organic transformation. The catalysts are synthesized based on CuO/ZnO/ZrO2 materials through the coprecipitation method followed by calcination in air at 500 °C for 5 h. The physicochemical characterization using TGA, XRD, SEM and N2‐physisorption at −196 °C was carried out for all the prepared catalysts. Nanocomposite catalyst with Cu/Zn=1 : 1 showed the smallest particle size and largest surface area among all the other investigated catalysts. Under ideal reaction conditions, this new heterogenous catalyst has demonstrated its excellent efficacy for the oxidation of benzylic alcohol and can be successfully used in up to three catalytic cycles with little loss of catalytic activity.
Adaptive non‐singular fast terminal sliding mode based on prescribed performance for robot manipulators
Authors: Zhang Yue , Fang Lijin , Song Tangzhong , Zhang Ming
Published: February 2023

A fast convergent non‐singular terminal sliding mode adaptive control law based on prescribed performance is formulated to solve the uncertainties and external disturbances of robot manipulators. First, the tracking error of robot manipulators is transformed by using the prescribed performance function, which improves the transient behaviors and steady‐state accuracy of robot manipulators. Then, a novel fast convergent non‐singular terminal sliding mode surface is brought up according to the transformed error, and the control law is derived to meet the stability requirements of robot manipulators. In practice, the upper boundary of the lumped disturbances cannot be accurately obtained. Therefore, an adaptive prescribed performance control (PPC) controller to lumped disturbances is brought up to ensure the stability and finite‐time convergence of robot manipulators. Finally, the system stability of robot manipulators is proved by the Lyapunov theorem. Simulation results and comparative analysis demonstrate the superiority and robustness of the raised strategy.
Scattering‐state solutions to the Dirac spinors with negative‐energy eigenstates in a rotating spheroid
Authors: Zhao Xin‐Jun , Tan Jun , Yang Xiao‐Feng
Published: February 2023

Based on the work of Fu et al. (2020), we derive the rest seven scattering‐state solutions to the Dirac equation when and establish a relation between differential scattering cross‐section, , and stellar matter density, , using the long‐wave approximation. It is found that the sensitivity of average scattering cross‐sections to the change in the stellar matter density is proportional to . We find that the average scattering amplitudes , as well as average scattering cross‐sections , are independent of the masses of particles, , for four scattering states , i = 0, 1, 2 and 3, while and depend on , for the rest four scattering states, , i = 0, 1, 2 and 3. By measuring the scattering cross‐section, we can determine the density of the ellipsoid and obtain its gravitational properties. This work will be useful in understanding the properties of anti‐Dirac spinors and the physical effects in a rotating spheroid.
Evidence of item bias in a national flourishing measure for autistic youth
Authors: Ross Samantha M. , Haegele Justin A. , Anderson Kristy , Healy Sean
Published: February 2023

Flourishing is a positive health indicator that aligns with strengths‐based perspectives and measures within autism research. Flourishing indicators were recently included in the National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) and have been used to evidence disparities in flourishing experienced by autistic children compared to non‐autistic peers. Yet, little has been done to examine the utility of standard flourishing items for this population. This study examined the NSCH caregiver‐reported flourishing items for measurement item bias. A cross‐sectional, representative sample of autistic and non‐autistic US children aged 6–17 years (n = 41,691) was drawn from the 2018–2019 NSCH public dataset. A confirmatory factor analysis using a multiple indicators and multiple causes model (MIMIC‐CFA) was conducted to (1) test for differential item functioning (DIF; i.e., measurement bias); and (2) estimate latent mean group differences after controlling for DIF. Findings supported a 3‐factor (social competence, school motivation, and behavioral control), 10‐item model structure consistent with past literature, yet measurement bias was evident for 6 of the 10 items. Persistent group differences, after accounting for DIF and covariates, indicates that caregivers of autistic children perceive their children are experiencing meaningfully lower flourishing outcomes compared to caregivers of non‐autistic children. However, evidence of measurement bias for items related to the social competence dimension calls into question the applicability of this measure for autistic children. Further interpretation of group differences and use of this measure should be approached with caution.
Intensity enhancement of photoluminescence in Tb3+/Eu3+ co‐doped Ca14Zn6Al10O35 phosphor for WLEDs
Authors: Bhelave Samirkumar R. , Kadam Abhijeet R. , Yerpude Atul N. , Dhoble Sanjay J.
Published: February 2023

This article focuses on the effect of monovalent cation doping on the optical properties of rare earth (RE = Eu3+, Tb3+) co‐doped Ca14Zn6Al10O35 which has been synthesized by a low temperature combustion method. Crystalline phase of the Ca14Zn6Al10O35 phosphor was examined and confirmed by X‐ray diffraction measurement. Under near‐ultraviolet light excitation Eu3+‐doped Ca14Zn6Al10O35 phosphor exhibit characterization of Eu3+ emission bands that are located at a maximum wavelength (λmax) of approximately 470 nm and other peaks centred at 593 nm and 615 nm, respectively. With Tb3+‐doped Ca14Zn6Al10O35 phosphor showing a green emission band centred at 544 nm under near‐ultraviolet range. Furthermore, we studied the energy transfer process in Eu3+/Tb3+pair and enhancement in photoluminescence (PL) intensity with doping different charge compensation. Here we obtained the optimum PL emission intensity of the phosphor in broad and intense visible spectral range which may be significant for the fabrication of white light emitting diodes (WLEDs).
Chemical composition, antifungal and antibiofilm activities of essential oils from Glycyrrhiza foetida (Desf.) growing in Tunisia
Authors: AL‐Hmadi Hekmat B. , Majdoub Siwar , Chaabane‐Banaoues Raja , Nardoni Simona , El Mokni Ridha , Dhaouadi Hatem , Piras Alessandra , Babba Hamouda , Porcedda Silvia , Hammami Saoussen
Published: February 2023

This study was designated to investigate the chemical composition, the antifungal activity and antibiofilm properties of Glycyrrhiza foetida (Desf.) growing in Tunisia and recognized for its pharmacological and therapeutic effects. The chemical analysis of essential oil samples prepared via hydrodistillation of the aerial parts was performed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Moreover, the antifungal activity of G. foetida essential oil was developed against three dermatophyte strains, two molds and Candida spp. yeasts using the broth microdilution assay. According to the percentages, the main constituents are δ‐cadinene (13.9%), (E)‐caryophyllene (13.2%) and γ‐cadinene (8.3%). The efficiency of the essential oil in inhibiting Candida albicans biofilms formation was also evaluated in terms of inhibitory percentages. The results showed that C. albicans and Microsporum canis were the most sensitive to G. foetida essential oil with a complete inhibition at 0.4 and 0.2 mg ml−1, respectively. Candida albicans biofilm development was reduced by 80% by the volatile oil at a concentration of 0.8 mg ml−1. The essential oil of G. foetida has a promising role in the control of fungal agents with medical interest and in inhibition of Candida biofilm development.
Studies of Cytotoxicity Effects, SARS‐CoV‐2 Main Protease Inhibition, and in Silico Interactions of Synthetic Chalcones
Authors: Guterres Fernandes Octavio L. , Tizziani Tiago , Dambrós Bibiana P. , Ferreira de Sousa Natália , Mansur Pontes Carime L. , da Silva Layzon A. L. , Escorteganha Pollo Luiz A. , de Assis Francisco F. , Scotti Marcus T. , Scotti Luciana , Braga Antonio L. , Steindel Mario , Sandjo Louis P.
Published: February 2023

SARS‐CoV‐2 main protease (Mpro) plays an essential role in proteolysis cleavage that promotes coronavirus replication. Thus, attenuating the activity of this enzyme represents a strategy to develop antiviral agents. We report inhibitory effects against Mpro of 40 synthetic chalcones, and cytotoxicity activities, hemolysis, and in silico interactions of active compounds. Seven of them bearing a (E)‐3‐(furan‐2‐yl)‐1‐arylprop‐2‐en‐1‐one skeleton (10, 28, and 35–39) showed enzyme inhibition with IC50 ranging from 13.76 and 36.13 μM. Except for 35 and 36, other active compounds were not cytotoxic up to 150 μM against THP‐1 and Vero cell lines. Compounds 10, and 35–39 showed no hemolysis while 28 was weakly hemotoxic at 150 μM. Moreover, molecular docking showed interactions between compound 10 and Mpro (PDBID 5RG2 and 5RG3) with proximity to cys145 and His41, suggesting a covalent binding. Products of the reaction between chalcones and cyclohexanethiol indicated that this binding could be a Michael addition type.
Determination of Bacterial Diversity of Propolis Microbiota
Authors: Ersoy Omeroglu Esra , Keriman Arserim‐Uçar Dılhun , Yegin Zeynep , Çağlayan Nevzat , Nur Zafer Yurt Mediha , Busra Tasbasi Behiye , Esma Acar Elif , Ucak Samet , Cengiz Ozalp Veli , Sudagidan Mert
Published: February 2023

Propolis is a natural resinous mixture produced by the excretions of honeybees. PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA gene region was achieved using DNA of pre‐enriched propolis samples collected from Apis mellifera production hives (n=37) in Eastern Türkiye (Bingöl and its regions). Next‐generation sequencing and metabarcoding techniques were used to identify bacterial communities in propolis samples. Firmicutes dominated the phylum structure, with Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Tenericutes, and Spirochaetes following. The top three bacterial families were Bacillaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, and Enterococcaceae. Bacillus (dominantly B. badius and B. thermolactis at the species level) was recognized at the genus level, followed by Enterococcus and Clostridium sensu stricto. Our study comprehensively identified the bacterial diversity of propolis samples. Further investigations targeting to enlighten the microbiota of propolis and its potential application fields are required to gain better insight into ecological, nutritional, and medicinal perspectives.
Anti‐Inflammatory Activities of Monoterpene and Sesquiterpene Glycosides from the Aqueous Extract of Artemisia annua L.
Authors: Wu Qi‐Guo , Huang Le‐Yi , Fan Ming‐Hui , Chou Gui‐Xin , Wang Yong‐Li
Published: February 2023

Artemisia annua L. is a Chinese medicinal herb, but the origin of its pharmacological properties, including its anti‐inflammatory activity, remain unknown. In this study, five new monoterpene glycosides (1–5) and two new sesquiterpene glycosides (6 and 7) were isolated from the aqueous extract of the aerial parts of A. annua. The structures of these glycosides were determined using high‐resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, electronic circular dichroism calculations, and chemical hydrolysis methods. The anti‐inflammatory activities of the isolated compounds were evaluated by down‐regulating interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) in lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Notably, all the new compounds significantly inhibited the expression of IL‐6 in a dose‐dependent manner.
Impact of lesion length on the outcomes of chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention: Insights from the PROGRESS‐CTO registry
Authors: Rempakos Athanasios , Simsek Bahadir , Kostantinis Spyridon , Karacsonyi Judit , Choi James W. , Poommipanit Paul , Khatri Jaikirshan J. , Jaber Wissam , Rinfret Stephane , Nicholson William , Gorgulu Sevket , Jaffer Farouc A. , Chandwaney Raj , Koutouzis Michael , Tsiafoutis Ioannis , Alaswad Khaldoon , Krestyaninov Oleg , Khelimskii Dmitrii , Karmpaliotis Dimitrios , Uretsky Barry F. , Patel Mitul P. , Mahmud Ehtisham , Potluri Srinivasa , Rangan Bavana V. , Mastrodemos Olga C. , Allana Salman , Sandoval Yader , Burke Nicholas M. , Brilakis Emmanouil S.
Published: February 2023

Background

The impact of occlusion length on the procedural techniques and outcomes of chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has received limited study.

Methods

We examined the clinical and angiographic characteristics and procedural outcomes of 10,335 CTO PCIs at 42 US and non‐US centers between 2012 and 2022. The cohort was divided into two groups based on lesion length (≥20 mm vs. <20 mm).

Results

Long lesions were present in 7208 (70%) patients. Comorbidities were more common in patients with long CTOs. Compared with short lesions, long lesions had higher J‐CTO score (2.8 ± 1.1 vs. 1.3 ± 1; p < 0.001) and retrograde wiring was more often the initial (15.5% vs. 4.0%; p < 0.001) and successful (22.8% vs. 8.2%; p < 0.001) crossing strategy. Long lesions were more likely to require longer procedure (123 vs. 91 min; p < 0.001) and fluoroscopy (47.1 vs. 32.2 min; p < 0.001) time, larger contrast volume (218 vs. 200 mL; p < 0.001) and higher air kerma radiation dose (2.4 vs. 1.7 Gy; p < 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounders, long lesions were associated with lower technical success (odds ratio [OR]: 0.91 per 10 mm increase; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.88, 0.94) and higher major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) (OR: 1.08 per 10 mm increase; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.15).

Conclusions

CTO PCI of long occlusions is independently associated with lower rates of technical success and higher rates of in‐hospital MACE.
Malignant transformation of tailgut cyst to squamous cell carcinoma, a rare case with poor outcome
Authors: Moshtaghian Mahsa , Shahsiah Reza , Jafari Fatemeh , Aghili Mahdi
Published: February 2023

Tailgut cyst, a type of retro‐rectal cyst, is a rare condition requiring evaluation for malignant transformation. We report a case of squamous cell carcinoma arising in the retro‐rectal cyst, in a 51‐year‐old female who underwent incomplete resection of the cyst and chemo‐radiotherapy, subsequently became locally recurred and metastatic.
On becoming a discipline
Authors: Fickling Melissa J.
Published: February 2023

Clarifying counselor education's status as a discipline carries implications for pedagogy, researcher identity development, and knowledge production. In this manuscript, these implications are discussed within a historical context and with attention to the successful career transitions for new counselor educators, as well as those pursuing promotion and tenure in academia.
Defensive information processing and nonadherence to health‐protective behaviors
Authors: Green Beverly Beth
Published: February 2023

Plain language summary

In this issue of Cancer, Clarke et al. measure defensive information processing (DIP) to avoid fecal immunochemical testing for colorectal cancer.

DIP is a way of reducing the negative psychological effects of threats such as cancer and may influence health‐protective behaviors such as the completion of recommended cancer screening.

This editorial complements Clarke et al.’s study with a discussion of interventions for decreasing DIP around cancer screening and other health‐protective recommendations.
The role of defensive information processing in population‐based colorectal cancer screening uptake
Authors: Clarke Nicholas , Hayes Louise , McQueen Amy , Gallagher Pamela , Kearney Patricia M. , McNamara Deirdre , O’Morain Colm A. , von Wagner Christian , Mooney Therese , Sharp Linda
Published: February 2023

Background

Internationally, colorectal cancer screening participation remains low despite the availability of home‐based testing and numerous interventions to increase uptake. To be effective, interventions should be based on an understanding of what influences individuals’ decisions about screening participation. This study investigates the association of defensive information processing (DIP) with fecal immunochemical test (FIT)–based colorectal cancer screening uptake.

Methods

Regression modeling of data from a cross‐sectional survey within a population‐based FIT screening program was conducted. The survey included the seven subdomains of the McQueen DIP measure. The primary outcome variable was the uptake status (screening user or nonuser). Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) for screening nonuse by DIP (sub)domain score, with adjustments made for sociodemographic and behavioral factors associated with uptake.

Results

Higher scores (equating to greater defensiveness) on all DIP domains were significantly associated with lower uptake in the model adjusted for sociodemographic factors. In the model with additional adjustments for behavioral factors, the suppression subdomains of “deny immediacy to be tested” (OR, 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.43–0.65; p < .001) and “self‐exemption” (OR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.68–0.96; p < .001) independently predicted nonuse of FIT‐based screening.

Conclusions

This is the first study outside the United States that has identified DIP as a barrier to colorectal cancer screening uptake, and it is the first focused specifically on FIT‐based screening. The findings suggest that two suppression barriers, namely denying the immediacy to be tested and self‐exempting oneself from screening, may be promising targets for future interventions to improve uptake.
Ensuring Full Spectrum Flow Cytometry Data Quality for High‐Dimensional Data Analysis
Authors: Ferrer‐Font Laura , Kraker Geoffrey , Hally Kathryn E. , Price Kylie M.
Published: February 2023

Full spectrum flow cytometry (FSFC) allows for the analysis of more than 40 parameters at the single‐cell level. Compared to the practice of manual gating, high‐dimensional data analysis can be used to fully explore single‐cell datasets and reduce analysis time. As panel size and complexity increases so too does the detail and time required to prepare and validate the quality of the resulting data for use in downstream high‐dimensional data analyses. To ensure data analysis algorithms can be used efficiently and to avoid artifacts, some important steps should be considered. These include data cleaning (such as eliminating variable signal change over time, removing cell doublets, and antibody aggregates), proper unmixing of full spectrum data, ensuring correct scale transformation, and correcting for batch effects. We have developed a methodical step‐by‐step protocol to prepare full spectrum high‐dimensional data for use with high‐dimensional data analyses, with a focus on visualizing the impact of each step of data preparation using dimensionality reduction algorithms. Application of our workflow will aid FSFC users in their efforts to apply quality control methods to their datasets for use in high‐dimensional analysis, and help them to obtain valid and reproducible results. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Data cleaning

Basic Protocol 2: Validating the quality of unmixing

Basic Protocol 3: Data scaling

Basic Protocol 4: Batch‐to‐batch normalization
Walking the tightrope: Circular economy breadth and firm economic performance
Authors: D'Angelo Viviana , Cappa Francesco , Peruffo Enzo
Published: February 2023

The circular economy (CE) can bring benefits but also pitfalls to the production processes, affecting a firm's economic performance. Using data from European SMEs, we empirically investigate, from the perspective of self‐determination theory, the extent to which the breadth of CE activities, that is, the number of CE activities undertaken by a firm, affects a firm's economic performance. Our study theorizes and shows that there is an inverted U‐shaped effect brought about by the number of CE activities on economic performance. This research advances our scientific understanding of the CE and provides managers with suggestions on how to maximize the benefits generated by the CE in terms of economic performance by implementing the right amount of CE activities.
Health equity considerations in pragmatic trials in Alzheimer's and dementia disease: Results from a methodological review
Authors: Nicholls Stuart G. , Al‐Jaishi Ahmed A. , Niznick Harrison , Carroll Kelly , Madani Mohamad Tarek , Peak Katherine D. , Madani Leen , Nevins Pascale , Adisso Lionel , Li Fan , Weijer Charles , Mitchell Susan L. , Welch Vivian , Quiñones Ana R. , Taljaard Monica
Published: February 2023

Introduction

To improve dementia care delivery for persons across all backgrounds, it is imperative that health equity is integrated into pragmatic trials.

Methods

We reviewed 62 pragmatic trials of people with dementia published 2014 to 2019. We assessed health equity in the objectives; design, conduct, analysis; and reporting using PROGRESS‐Plus which stands for Place of residence, Race/ethnicity, Occupation, Gender/sex, Religion, Education, Socioeconomic status, Social capital, and other factors such as age and disability.

Results

Two (3.2%) trials incorporated equity considerations into their objectives; nine (14.5%) engaged with communities; 4 (6.5%) described steps to increase enrollment from equity‐relevant groups. Almost all trials (59, 95.2%) assessed baseline balance for at least one PROGRESS‐Plus characteristic, but only 10 (16.1%) presented subgroup analyses across such characteristics. Differential recruitment, attrition, implementation, adherence, and applicability across PROGRESS‐Plus were seldom discussed.

Discussion

Ongoing and future pragmatic trials should more rigorously integrate equity considerations in their design, conduct, and reporting.

Highlights

Few pragmatic trials are explicitly designed to inform equity‐relevant objectives.

Few pragmatic trials take steps to increase enrollment from equity‐relevant groups.

Disaggregated results across equity‐relevant groups are seldom reported.

Adherence to existing tools (e.g., IMPACT Best Practices, CONSORT‐Equity) is key.
Visible‐Light‐Induced Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling of Heteroarenes with Aliphatic Alcohols Mediated by Iodobenzene Dichloride
Authors: Yin Changzhen , Hu Peng
Published: February 2023

With the irradiation of visible light, α‐heteroarylation of aliphatic alcohol was selectively achieved under gentle conditions in the present of iodobenzene dichloride. The Minisci‐type cross‐dehydrogenative coupling reaction was performed in the absence of metal and acid. Readily available primary alcohols and electron‐withdrawing heteroarenes can be applied smoothly. Mechanism studies indicated that the PhICl radical and chlorine radical formed from iodobenzene dichloride were responsible for the selective hydrogen atom abstraction of alcohols.
Research on multi‐time scale modeling and interaction of electro‐thermal coupling integrated energy system
Authors: Tang Jian , Feng Xiaoxing , Liu Jianfeng , Kang Heran , Hao Xiaoqing
Published: February 2023

With the enhancement of the coupling degree and interaction of the electro‐thermal integrated energy system, the fault propagation characteristics under multi‐time scale characteristics become more complex, which may trigger cascading failures and affect the safe operation of the system. Therefore, this article proposes to construct a multi‐time scale comprehensive model based on the steady‐state model and quasi‐dynamic model of electro‐thermal coupling integrated energy system, and uses the strategy of global iteration combined with local simultaneous solution to calculate the energy flow distribution of electro‐thermal coupling system under multi‐time scale. Combined with the characteristics of multi‐time scale energy flow distribution, the interaction mechanism and the fault propagation process of electro‐thermal coupling are analyzed. The simple electro‐thermal coupling integrated energy system and Barry Island electro‐thermal coupling integrated energy system are used as examples to analyze the electro‐thermal coupling characteristics and interaction of the system. The calculation results show that the disturbance of both electrical and heat loads will have a certain impact on the power system and heating system. Due to the thermal inertia of the heating system, there is a large time delay of fault propagation in the heating system. In the process of operation and scheduling of the electro‐thermal coupling integrated energy system, the slow dynamic characteristics of the heating system and the positive effect of thermal inertia on resisting the uncertainty factors in the system should be fully considered.
Nonlinear prediction of functional time series
Authors: Wang Haixu , Cao Jiguo
Published: February 2023

We propose a nonlinear prediction (NOP) method for functional time series. Conventional methods for functional time series are mainly based on functional principal component analysis or functional regression models. These approaches rely on the stationary or linear assumption of the functional time series. However, real data sets are often nonstationary, and the temporal dependence between trajectories cannot be captured by linear models. Conventional methods are also hard to analyze multivariate functional time series. To tackle these challenges, the NOP method employs a nonlinear mapping for functional data that can be directly applied to multivariate functions without any preprocessing step. The NOP method constructs feature space with forecast information, hence it provides a better ground for predicting future trajectories. The NOP method avoids calculating covariance functions and enables online estimation and prediction. We examine the finite sample performance of the NOP method with simulation studies that consider linear, nonlinear and nonstationary functional time series. The NOP method shows superior prediction performances in comparison with the conventional methods. Three real applications demonstrate the advantages of the NOP method model in predicting air quality, electricity price and mortality rate.
EEG datasets for seizure detection and prediction— A review
Authors: Wong Sheng , Simmons Anj , Rivera‐Villicana Jessica , Barnett Scott , Sivathamboo Shobi , Perucca Piero , Ge Zongyuan , Kwan Patrick , Kuhlmann Levin , Vasa Rajesh , Mouzakis Kon , O'Brien Terence J.
Published: February 2023

Electroencephalogram (EEG) datasets from epilepsy patients have been used to develop seizure detection and prediction algorithms using machine learning (ML) techniques with the aim of implementing the learned model in a device. However, the format and structure of publicly available datasets are different from each other, and there is a lack of guidelines on the use of these datasets. This impacts the generatability, generalizability, and reproducibility of the results and findings produced by the studies. In this narrative review, we compiled and compared the different characteristics of the publicly available EEG datasets that are commonly used to develop seizure detection and prediction algorithms. We investigated the advantages and limitations of the characteristics of the EEG datasets. Based on our study, we identified 17 characteristics that make the EEG datasets unique from each other. We also briefly looked into how certain characteristics of the publicly available datasets affect the performance and outcome of a study, as well as the influences it has on the choice of ML techniques and preprocessing steps required to develop seizure detection and prediction algorithms. In conclusion, this study provides a guideline on the choice of publicly available EEG datasets to both clinicians and scientists working to develop a reproducible, generalizable, and effective seizure detection and prediction algorithm.
Reliability analysis of structures using probability density evolution method and stochastic spectral embedding surrogate model
Authors: Das Sourav , Tesfamariam Solomon
Published: February 2023

This study presents an efficient reliability analysis method using probability density evolution method (PDEM) and stochastic spectral embedding (SSE) based surrogate model. The PDEM is used to estimate the structural response's probability density function (PDF). The PDEM is derived based on the principle of probability conservation where generalized density evolution equations (GDEEs) are decoupled from the physical system. The GDEEs are solved using finite difference method coupled with total variation diminishing, in which a set of representative points of random parameters are generated using the generalized F‐discrepancy scheme. To obtain satisfactory accuracy of the numerical solution, representative points are needed, which becomes computationally expensive for complex structures. To reduce the computation burden, the SSE is used, which approximates the original response surface. The SSE is a class of supervised machine learning algorithm where it is trained by few observations and enables output prediction as spectral representation. This is achieved by minimizing the residual using domain decomposition technique. To illustrate the proposed SSE‐based PDEM, three numerical examples are investigated, including the reliability analysis of four‐branch problem and shear building frame subjected to ground acceleration, and the reliability‐based design optimization of a moment‐resisting frame coupled with the nonlinear energy sink with negative stiffness and sliding friction. Numerical results show that the proposed SSE‐based PDEM can estimate failure probability using a very small number of representative points without compromising accuracy compared with Monte Carlo simulation, which leads to a reduction in computational costs.
Comparative evaluation of ethyl acetate and n‐Hexane extracts of Cannabis sativa L. leaves for muscle function restoration after peripheral nerve lesion
Authors: Maqbool Javeria , Anwar Haseeb , Rasul Azhar , Imran Ali , Saadullah Malik , Malik Shoaib Ahmad , Shabbir Asghar , Akram Rabia , Sajid Faiqa , Zafar Shamaila , Saeed Suman , Akram Muhammad Numan , Islam Fakhar , Hussain Ghulam , Islam Saiful
Published: February 2023

Peripheral nerve injuries are one of those complex medical conditions for which a highly effective first‐line treatment is currently missing. The use of natural compound as medicines to treat various disorders has a long history. Our previous research explored that crude Cannabis sativa L. accelerated the recovery of sensorimotor functions following nerve injury. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effects of n‐Hexane and ethyl acetate extracts of C. sativa L. leaves on the muscle function restoration in a mouse model after sciatic nerve injury. For this purpose, albino mice (n = 18) were equally divided into control and two treatment groups. The control group was fed on a plain diet while treatment groups were given a diet having n‐Hexane (treatment 1) and ethyl acetate (treatment 2) extracts of C. sativa L. (10 mg/kg body weight), respectively. The hot plate test (M = 15.61, SD = 2.61, p = .001), grip strength (M = 68.32, SD = 3.22, p < .001), and sciatic functional index (SFI) (M = 11.59, SD = 6.54, p = .012) assessment indicated significant amelioration in treatment 1 as compared to treatment 2 group. Furthermore, muscle fiber cross‐sectional area revealed a noticeable improvement (M = 182,319, SD = 35.80, p = .013) in treatment 1 while muscle mass ratio of Gastrocnemius (M = 0.64, SD = 0.08, p = .427) and Tibialis anterior (M = 0.57, SD = 0.04, p = .209) indicated nonsignificant change. A prominent increase in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (M = 3.76, SD = 0.38, p < .001) and momentous decrease in total oxidant status (TOS) (M = 11.28, SD = 5.71, p < .001) along with blood glucose level indicated significant difference (M = 105.5, SD = 9.12, p < 0.001) in treatment 1 group. These results suggest that treatment 1 has the ability to speed up functional recovery after a peripheral nerve lesion. Further research is necessary, nevertheless, to better understand the extract's actual curative properties and the mechanisms that improve functional restoration.
MDM4 amplification in atypical lipomatous tumors/well‐differentiated liposarcoma: Private event or alternative oncogenic mechanism?
Authors: Gruel Nadège , El Zein Sophie , Tzanis Dimitri , Nicolas Nayla , Maraval Aurélien , Fieffe Christelle , Bonvalot Sylvie , Caly Martial , Fuhrmann Laetitia , Ait Rais Khadija , Jovelin Sylvie , Bonnet Clément , Pierron Gaëlle , Watson Sarah
Published: February 2023

Adipocytic tumors are the most common mesenchymal tumors in soft tissues. Among them, a diagnostic challenge relies in the distinction between lipoma and atypical lipomatous tumor (ALT)/well differentiated liposarcoma (WDLPS), as both entities are often undistinguishable not only from a radiological point of view, but also at the microscopic level and particularly when dealing with small tumor specimen. Thus, detection of recurrent MDM2 amplifications may be the only criteria to discriminate malignant tumors from lipomas. In this study, we report the case of a patient diagnosed with a well differentiated, adipocytic tumor located in the inferior limb and lacking MDM2 amplification, whose diagnosis was reclassified for ALT/WDLPS after identification of an alternative MDM4 amplification by comparative genomic hybridization profiling, whole exome sequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Screening of a cohort of 37 large, deep‐seated, well‐differentiated adipocytic tumors previously classified as lipomas using RT‐qPCR and FISH failed to detect other cases of MDM4‐amplified ALT/WDLPS. This report shows that MDM4 amplification is an exceptional molecular event alternative to MDM2 amplification in ALT/WDLPS. This alteration should be considered and looked for in suspicious adipocytic tumors to optimize their surgical management.