bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O TYM, ŻE FILOZOFOWIE PRZYPISYWALI KARANIU PRZESTĘPSTW TRZY PRZYCZYNY ORAZ DLACZEGO PLATON WSPOMNIAŁ O DWÓCH Z NICH, A NIE TRZECH AULUS GELLIUS, NOCE ATTYCKIE 7,14 TEKST – TŁUMACZENIE – KOMENTARZ
Authors: Tarwacka Anna
Published: December 2020

O TYM, ŻE FILOZOFOWIE PRZYPISYWALI KARANIU PRZESTĘPSTW TRZY PRZYCZYNY ORAZ DLACZEGOPLATON WSPOMNIAŁ O DWóCH Z NICH, A NIE TRZECH AULUS GELLIUS, NOCE ATTYCKIE 7,14TEKST – TŁUMACZENIE – KOMENTARZ
Thomas A.J. McGinn, Table IV of the XII Tables, Napoli 2018, ss. XX + 117
Authors: Loska Elżbieta
Published: December 2020

Thomas A.J. McGinn, Table IV of the XII Tables, Napoli 2018, ss. XX + 117
ZORGANIZOWANA PRZESTĘPCZOŚĆ NARKOTYKOWA W POLSCE
Authors: Pływaczewski Emil W. , Jurgielewicz-Delegacz Emilia
Published: December 2020

Artykuł poświęcony jest analizie przestępczości narkotykowej zorganizowanych grup przestępczych w Polsce. Autorzy początkowo odnieśli się do opisu działalności i zadań Centralnego Biura Śledczego Policji, ponieważ niniejszy artykuł bazuje na sprawozdaniu z działalności tej instytucji. Następnie dokonano krótkiej charakterystyki zorganizowanych grup przestępczych w Polsce. W kolejnej części dokonano analizy i charakterystyki zorganizowanej przestępczości narkotykowej. Odniesiono się do nielegalnej produkcji amfetaminy, innych narkotyków syntetycznych oraz prekursorów do ich produkcji, przemytu amfetaminy i innych narkotyków syntetycznych, przemytu i uprawy konopi oraz haszyszu, przemytu kokainy i heroiny oraz do przestępstw popełnianych w związku z wprowadzaniem na rynek narkotykowy nowychsubstancji psychoaktywnych i środków zastępczych. Rozważania zakończono krótką charakterystyką działań prewencyjnych.
WYBÓR PODSTAWY PRAWNEJ AKTÓW PRAWNYCH UNII EUROPEJSKIEJ Z ZAKRESU OCHRONY ŚRODOWISKA ODDZIAŁUJĄCYCH NA STRUKTURĘ ENERGETYCZNĄ PAŃSTWA CZŁONKOWSKIEGO
Authors: Bukowska Joanna , Sosnowska Anna
Published: December 2020

Może się wydawać, że wybór podstawy prawnej aktu w dziedzinie ochrony środowiska jest sprawą oczywistą i niebudzącą wątpliwości, zważywszy, że kompetencje Unii w tej dziedzinie mają ponad trzydziestoletnią historię, a przy tym są wykonywane intensywnie, na co wskazuje stale rosnąca liczba aktów prawnych regulujących rozmaite zagadnienia z zakresu ochrony środowiska. Jak się jednak okazuje wybór podstawy prawnej aktu w dziedzinie ochrony środowiska może okazać się problematyczny, jeśli weźmiemy pod uwagę warunki stosowania specjalnej procedury ustawodawczej, o której mowa w art. 192 ust. 2 TFUE. Procedura ta znajduje zastosowanie między innymi w odniesieniu do środków wpływających na wybór państwa członkowskiego między różnymi źródłami energii. Do tej pory TSUE nie zaproponował klarownej i spójnej interpretacji art. 192 ust. 2 TFUE w odniesieniu do przesłanek stosowania specjalnej procedury ustawodawczej. W wyroku w sprawie C-5/16 Polska przeciwko Parlamentowi i Radzie Trybunał Sprawiedliwości po raz kolejny mierzył się z tym problemem, niestety i tym razem nie doszło do wytyczenia przekonywujących kryteriów wyboru podstawy prawnej aktu, w sytuacji, gdy akt ten wpływa na wybór państwa członkowskiego między różnymi źródłami energii. W artykule autorki dokonują przeglądu orzecznictwa sądów unijnych dotyczącego wyboru podstawy prawnej aktu. Ustalenia dokonane na tym tle stają się następnie punktem odniesienia przy ocenie wzorca stosowania specjalnej procedury ustawodawczej, który Trybunał zaproponował w sprawie C-5/16.
ISTOTA KONSTRUKCJI PRAWNEJ DELEGOWANIA POLICJANTA DO INNEJ JEDNOSTKI ORGANIZACYJNEJ POLICJI LUB INNEJ MIEJSCOWOŚCI
Authors: Gacek Paweł
Published: December 2020

Niniejszy artykuł w całości został poświęcony omówieniu konstrukcji prawnej delegowania policjanta od czasowego pełnienia służby w innej jednostce Policji lub w innej miejscowości. Instytucja ta została uregulowana w art. 36 ust. 1 – 3 ustawy o Policji. Stosunek służbowy ma charakter wyłącznie administracyjnoprawny. Jego charakterystyczną cechą jest zwiększona dyspozycyjność i podporządkowanie policjanta w służbie. Jednym z przejawów tej dyspozycyjności jest możliwość delegowania policjanta. Skoncentrowano zatem uwagę na omówieniu charakteru prawnego tej instytucji oraz podmiotów uprawnionych do jej stosowania.
OPŁATY ZA WSTĘP DO POLSKICH PARKÓW NARODOWYCH
Authors: Gawrysiak-Zabłocka Aleksandra
Published: December 2020

Celem artykułu jest krytyczna analiza regulacji prawnych dotyczących opłat za wstęp do polskich parków narodowych zawartych w ustawie o ochronie przyrody z 2004 r. oraz praktyki ich stosowania. Tezą pracy jest, że obecnie obowiązujące przepisy są wadliwe i konieczna jest ich zmiana, tak, aby regulacja dotycząca tych opłat nie naruszała podstawowych zasad państwa prawnego czy prawa UE.
Selective Sensing Platform Utilizing Graphitized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Monitoring of Ondansetron and Paracetamol
Authors: Šimunić Iva , Mornar Ana , Nigović Biljana
Published: December 2020

Background:

Ondansetron and paracetamol are often co-administrated to prevent and treat
nausea and vomiting caused by anaesthesia and to control postoperative pain. In addition, ondansetron
is used as the first-line antiemetic in paracetamol overdose. Therefore, a selective and sensitive
method for their simultaneous analysis is of great importance. The electroanalytical methods are
highly sensitive and offer many possibilities for new sensor platform design. However, at present, no
electroanalytical method for simultaneous determination of these drugs has been proposed.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to develop a novel nanosensor for selective monitoring of ondansetron
and paracetamol in pharmaceutical and biological samples without expensive and timeconsuming
pretreatments.

Methods:

The graphitized multi-walled carbon nanotubes embedded in a cation exchange polymer
matrix were selected, among various surface functionalizations evaluated, to design a novel sensor.
Based on its excellent sensing performance, the first electroanalytical method was developed for the
rapid concurrent determination of investigated drugs.

Results:

The scanning electron microscopy study showed an interlinked nanoporous network structure
and a highly enlarged active surface. The developed sensor facilitated electron transfer in the
oxidation of both drugs and tremendously enhanced the adsorption capacity for ondansetron, thus
exhibiting a significant increase in drug responses and sensitivity. To obtain much sensitive response
of investigated drugs, the effect of pH values of supporting electrolyte, dispersed nanomaterial
amount, the cation exchange polymer concentration, drop-casting volume of nanocomposite suspension,
accumulation potential and deposition time on the peak current was evaluated. The developed
electroanalytical method was validated and the practical utility of the proposed nanosensor was
tested.

Conclusion:

The developed sensor is a promising sensing platform with a fast response time for
analysis of ondansetron and paracetamol at very different concentration levels found in their fixeddose
combination and human serum sample after recommended daily doses showing its potential
usage in pharmaceutical quality control and clinical research.
Antithrombotic / Antiplatelet Therapy in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease and After Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Cruz Rodriguez Jose B. , Mishra Kunal , Siddiqui Tariq
Published: December 2020

The major physiopathological mechanism underlying Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS)
is atherosclerotic plaque rupture with resultant coronary thrombosis, posing a big burden in
health care systems. Dual anti-platelet therapy (DAPT) can improve CV outcome with a prolonged
regimen, albeit at the cost of increased bleeding rates. We performed a narrative literature review
on the topic, in which we explored databases through April 15th, 2020, with no restrictions on language.
Keywords related to antiplatelet therapy, P2Y12 inhibitor, aspirin and DAPT were utilized.
Randomized clinical trials, large prospective studies, systematic reviews and meta-analysis were included.
We hand-searched the reference lists of included articles and relevant reviews. The review
revealed that when choosing antiplatelet agents, the decision should be driven by pharmacodynamic
properties as well as demonstrated efficacy and safety. Additionally, it was noted that in patients
undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention, prasugrel and ticagrelor are preferred. In patients
with a high risk of bleeds or receiving thrombolysis, or when cost or specific patient issues exist,
clopidogrel is considered though it is a second-line therapy. Due to an elevated risk of bleeds, triple
therapy should be avoided, as evidence shows effectiveness and safety with regimens without
ASA. Furthermore, multiple studies have also shown that regimens shorter than 12 months of
DAPT could be adequate for many patients, and newer guidelines are likely to reflect it. There are
specific recommendations for switching among antiplatelets, mostly based on registries and pharmacodynamic
studies.
Importance of Zebrafish as an Efficient Research Model for the Screening of Novel Therapeutics in Neurological Disorders
Authors: Saluja Diksha , Jhanji Rishabh , Kaushal Swati , Verma Bharti , Sharma Neelam , Singh Rima , Agrawal Shelly , Yadav Meena , Kumar Anoop , Singh Charan , Singh Arti
Published: December 2020

Over the previous years, the use of an animal model has become very common for the
screening of novel drugs. Animal model represents the complex problems of humans into the simplest
forms, so these can be extended further to be included in the experimental procedure. The
most successful models in neuroscience, rats and mice, are undoubtedly considered as one of the
best models to understand the psychology of the mammalian brain and its associated functions involved
in behavioral repertoire. Moreover, recently researchers in behavioral neuroscience are focusing
more on the use of aquatic animals, especially fish, as model species due to their simplicity
and cost-effectiveness. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a tropical fish from the minnow family, a genetic
structure surprisingly 84% similar to humans. It is gaining popularity as a model to study the mechanism
in behavioral neuropharmacology. Moreover, zebrafish has numerous advantages over other
rodent models like the ease in maintenance due to their small size, more breeding power, transparency
of embryos, overall reduced cost of experimentation, and many more. Nowadays, it is considered
an ideal model to study the neurobehavioral aspects with relevance to humans. It is also
used in a variety of scientific studies like genetics, neuroscience, pharmacology, and toxicology. In
this manuscript, we have described the feasibility and importance of zebrafish as a model for the
screening of novel drugs for different neurological disorders.
Diastereoselective Reduction of Selected α-substituted β-keto Esters and the Assignment of the Relative Configuration by 1H-NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Trapp Christian , Herrmann Corinna , Drewniok Chris , Greif Dieter , Hofrichter Martin
Published: December 2020

Background::

Chiral β-hydroxy esters and α-substituted β-hydroxy esters represent versatile
building blocks for pheromones, β-lactam antibiotics and 1,2- or 1,3-aminoalcohols.

Objective::

Synthesis of versatile α-substituted β-keto esters and their diastereoselective reduction
to the corresponding syn- or anti-α-substituted β-hydroxy esters. Assignment of the relative configuration
by NMR-spectroscopy after a Curtius rearrangement of α-substituted β-keto esters to 4-substituted
5-methyloxazolidin-2-ones.

Methods:

Diastereoselective reduction was achieved by using different Lewis acids (zinc, titanium
and cerium) in combination with complex borohydrides as reducing agents. Assignment of the relative
configuration was verified by 1H-NMR spectroscopy after Curtius-rearrangement of α-substituted
β-hydroxy esters to 4-substituted 5-methyloxazolidin-2-ones.

Results::

For the syn-selective reduction, titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) in combination with a
pyridine-borane complex (py BH3) led to diastereoselectivities up to 99% dr. High anti-selective reduction
was achieved by using cerium trichloride (CeCl3) and steric hindered reducing agents such
as lithium triethylborohydride (LiEt3BH). After Curtius-rearrangement of each α-substituted β-hydroxy
ester to the corresponding 4-substituted 5-methyloxazolidin-2-one, the relative configuration
was confirmed by 1H NMR-spectroscopy.

Conclusion::

We have expanded the procedure of Lewis acid-mediated diastereoselective reduction
to bulky α-substituents such as the isopropyl group and the electron withdrawing phenyl ring.
Parametric Review of Surfactant Flooding at the Tertiary Stage to Achieve the Accuracy for Proposing the Screening Criteria
Authors: Tahir Muhammad Usman , Wei Liu
Published: December 2020

:

A critical review of previous studies is presented based on the contextual research
background of surfactant flooding in this study. The parameters focused on
achieving the analysis include permeability, salinity, temperature, and viscosity from
different surfactant flooding operations. The principal theme of this review was to provide
the regression analysis technique that may adopt to analyze the collected data and
conduct contextual research. The set of analytical discussion is accomplished by extracting
and plotting the basic parameters against recovery at Original Oil in Place (OOIP)
and tertiary stages. Furthermore, the success rate of such studies is compared to the
grounds of oil recovery efficiency at different stages. Moreover, the failure of the surfactant
flooding project can also be ensured by the outcomes of this study.

:

It is revealed from this study that the recovery efficiency of surfactant flooding can be
obtained maximum at lower permeability ranges, however, other parameters such as salinity
and temperature may possess some influence on recovery. In fact, the fluid viscosity
of reservoir fluid is inversely rated to recovery. The salinity, temperature and viscosity
ranges for efficient surfactant flooding ranges may drop within the range from 1400
to 132606 ppm, 25 to 126 °C, and 1.9 to 150 cP, respectively.
Evaluation of Biological Effects and Toxicity of Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide Stabilized Silver Nanoparticles and Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide Alone Following Intravenous Injection in Mice
Authors: Aula Sangeetha , Lakkireddy Samyuktha , Kapley Atya , Hebalkar Neha , Sharma Rakesh K. , Uppin Shantveer G. , Jamil Kaiser
Published: December 2020

Background::

The exciting benefits of Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in the biomedical field necessitate
generating knowledge on the safety concerns which have been raised over the applications of these NPs.

Objective::

To understand the biological effects and mechanism of toxicity induction of Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide
(CTAB) stabilized AgNPs as well as CTAB alone in mice following intravenous injection.

Methods::

The investigations were carried out by measuring hematological and serum biochemical parameters, oxidative
stress, genotoxicity, and histopathology.

Results::

AgNPs’ treatment was found to induce a marked decrease (p<0.05) in platelet and lymphocyte count, Serum
glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), and increase (p<0.05) in granulocytes count and Serum glutamate pyruvate
transaminase (SGPT) whereas CTAB treatment-induced a decrease in platelet count. The decrease in glutathione (GSH)
and an increase in lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels in the liver, spleen, and kidney of mice suggest the potential role of
AgNPs in inducing oxidative stress. Genotoxicity apparent from the increased comet parameters and micronuclei formation
observed in the liver, spleen, and kidney of mice treated with AgNPs and CTAB. Histological examination in mice treated
with AgNPs and CTAB showed (i) diffused venous congestion in the liver (AgNPs) and focal venous congestion in the liver
(CTAB); (ii) mild red pulp congestion in the spleen and (iii) acute tubular necrosis in the kidney. Histological examination
in mice treated with AgNPs and CTAB showed diffused venous congestion and focal venous congestion respectively in the
liver, while mild red pulp congestion in the spleen and acute tubular necrosis in the kidney were also observed..

Conclusion::

There is a need to develop methods to dissolve the toxicity of CTAB, thereby it induces inducing relatively
low or no toxicity without affecting compromising the stability of nanosilver formulations formation. Such insights are
believed to be fundamental in the synthesis of high-performance AgNPs demonstrated for outstanding biomedical
applications.
Encapsulation of Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles by Nutraceuticals: Implications for Biological Activities
Authors: Ali Muna A. , Mosa Kareem A.
Published: December 2020

Background::

The concept of nutraceuticals has gained increased interest recently as it is based on using natural substances for therapeutic applications. However, limitations such as low bioavailability have restricted the use of these substances thus far. Nanoencapsulation of nutraceuticals has been proposed as a promising solution to circumvent such issues by increasing their bioavailability and targeting their release. Metal and metal oxide nanoparticles are amongst the inorganic nanocarriers that have been studied for their ability to encapsulate nutraceuticals.

Objectives::

The aim of this article is to provide an overview of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles and their synthesis and applications. Furthermore, the conjugation of these nanoparticles with nutraceuticals will be discussed along with their potential applications.

Conclusion::

It has been observed that the conjugation of nutraceuticals with metal nanoparticles resulted in the cumulative properties of both these factors with increased effectiveness. Such advancements are crucial for nutraceutical use in important theranostic applications that combine diagnosis and therapy.
An Analog Circuit Fault Diagnosis Approach Based on Wavelet-based
Fractal Analysis and Multiple Kernel SVM
Authors: Jiang Jianfeng
Published: December 2020

Objective:

In order to diagnose the analog circuit fault correctly, an analog circuit fault diagnosis approach on
basis of wavelet-based fractal analysis and multiple kernel support vector machine (MKSVM) is presented in the paper.

Methods:

Time responses of the circuit under different faults are measured, and then wavelet-based fractal analysis is
used to process the collected time responses for the purpose of generating features for the signals. Kernel principal
component analysis (KPCA) is applied to reduce the features’ dimensionality. Afterwards, features are divided into
training data and testing data. MKSVM with its multiple parameters optimized by chaos particle swarm optimization
(CPSO) algorithm is utilized to construct an analog circuit fault diagnosis model based on the testing data.

Results:

The proposed analog diagnosis approach is revealed by a four opamp biquad high-pass filter fault diagnosis
simulation.

Conclusion:

The approach outperforms other commonly used methods in the comparisons.
The Mechanism of Lunasin's Effect on the Growth of Breast Cancer Cells Induced by Obesity-induced Inflammation
Authors: Hsieh Chia-Chien
Published: December 2020

It has long been established that diet and nutrition can have a significant impact on health and even help reduce the prevalence of chronic diseases. It makes sense that what we put into our bodies would have some bearing on how our bodies function. Indeed, the World Health Organization
developed guidelines focusing on nutrient intake, with a view to reducing the global burden of disease related to obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, several forms of cancer, osteoporosis and dental disease. One exciting area of research, that is little understood, is the potential
efficacy of lunasin – a peptide found in soy, legume and some cereal grains – against certain types of cancer. Lunasin has shown potential in the prevention of cancers. It is able to do this by suppressing the proliferation and migration of cancer cells, and anti-inflammation in
this tumour environment. A specific area of study within this is lunasin's ability to reduce obesity associated breast cancer development. Associate Professor Chia-Chien Hsieh, a researcher based at the Programs of Nutrition Science, School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University,
current work is focused on the mechanism of lunasin's effect on the growth of breast cancer cells induced by obesity-associated inflammation. Her goal is to investigate the obesity-related breast cancer chemoprevention of lunasin, which might retard inflammatory responses around tumour microenvironment
and even break the crosstalk of macrophages, adipocyte, and breast cancer cells. The aim being to provide potential strategies for ameliorating obesity-related ER(+) or ER(-) breast cancer development.
Research work undertaken in the Inokuchi Laboratory – Chronic inflammation & chronic disease research including diabetes and metabolic diseases.
Authors: Inokuchi Jin-ichi
Published: December 2020

Today, type 2 diabetes is typically treated by lowering sugar in the blood and increasing the sensitivity of muscle cells to insulin. However, novel discoveries could allow future treatments to target the molecular mechanisms in our bodies that generate insulin resistance – effectively
preventing the biological chain of events that causes chronic inflammation and disease to initially occur. Professor Jin-ichi Inokuchi heads the Glycopathology Laboratory at Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan. Situated within the Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology,
the Laboratory focuses on gangliosides and their roles in inflammatory cycles. The scientists are particularly interested in GM3 ganglioside species, as their previous research has indicated that the increased presence of anti-inflammatory GM3 species and decreased presence of pro-inflammatory
GM3 species have the power to alter inflammatory cycles in the body, thus contributing to chronic inflammation and associated diseases. Recently, Inokuchi and his colleagues' research revealed some interesting insights regarding GM3. Namely, they discovered that GM3 plays an important role
in an inflammation amplification loop that affects diseases involving chronic inflammation, such as type 2 diabetes and metabolic diseases closely linked with obesity. 'Collectively, we propose a novel inflammation loop triggered by GM3 molecular species,' asserts Inokuchi. Inokuchi's research
provides an avenue for tackling these conditions from the inside out. By focusing on the biological processes involved in these lifestyle-related chronic diseases, it may be possible to treat type 2 diabetes and metabolic diseases more efficiently.
DNA Methylation Abnormality and Brain Dysfunction of Neural Stem Cells Caused by Chronic Inflammation by Nanoparticle Exposure
Authors: Tachibana Ken
Published: December 2020

The biological development of a human is an extremely complex and delicate process. It starts from fertilisation and continues until long after birth. The creation and development of the brain is particularly complicated and susceptible to disruptions to its progression. The primary
cells responsible for the development of the brain are the neural stem cells. These are a broad class of cells that can differentiate into the wide range of cell types that form the adult brain. To achieve this complex process, different cells need to undergo a range of gene expression changes
at the right time. This is delicate and its disturbance is a key cause of pathology in a wide range of diseases. There are many external factors that are known to disrupt neural development however, there are several common chemicals whose effects remain largely unknown. One such group are
broadly described as nanoparticles. These are small particles that are being increasingly used by many industries as they can help in the creation of products with better properties. However, their effect on the environment and the human body – particularly that of a developing brain
– have been largely unexamined. Associate Professor Ken Tachibana of the Division of Hygienic Chemistry, Sanyo-Onoda City University, Japan is researching the effects of nanoparticles on neural development.
Cell response analysis to synchrotron radiation X-ray microbeam cytoplasm limited irradiation
Authors: Suzuki Masao
Published: December 2020

The cells responsible for cancer start their journey much like any other in the body. However, they grow uncontrollably through the body as a result of the accumulation of certain mutations. If left unchecked, cancer will impact on a number of the human body's key processes, leading,
ultimately, to death. There are many challenges associated with treating this disease, but they generally stem from the difficulty in differentiating the disease from the host and the ability of even a few cells to survive, recover and return. The most common treatments generally combine surgery
with some type of chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Chemotherapy utilises chemicals that kill fast-growing cells and thereby disproportionally affect the rapidly multiplying cancer cells. Radiotherapy targets the tumour with radiation to cause damage and cell death. Both have their advantages
and disadvantages, and both are often not 100 per cent effective. To improve these treatments, it is necessary to understand more about their precise effects on cells and, particularly, what defences cells have against their effects. Senior Principal Researcher Dr Masao Suzuki of the National
Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST) is utilising the considerable radiological resources of QST to investigate the effects of different types of radiation on cells under different conditions.
A study on the design of a wardrobe, for patients bed-ridden with cancer, applying the knowledge of anonymous design
Authors: Fujii Naoko
Published: December 2020

The majority of human beings will be admitted to hospital at some point over the course of their lives. For the more fortunate among us, these hospital stays will be brief and will barely register as a significant experience. However, for others, being admitted for weeks or months at
a time will be necessary in order to combat and recover from whatever it was that made admittance to hospital necessary. While it is easy to think of many reasons why a prolonged hospital stay might be undesirable, one that may escape our attention is the clothes that are worn by patients
during their stay. Once a patient has been assigned a bed, they are often given a gown which they put on without thought and then lie down. The gowns that are given to patients are generally designed with healthcare professionals in mind. For example, in Japan pyjamas and yukata (bathrobes)
are used as hospital gowns because they have a front opening that is easy to use during treatment and nursing care. In addition, the other gowns can be opened from the ankle to the crotch using the zip. Dr Naoko Fujii has focused her career on designing clothes for hospital patients and believes
that there is a way to satisfy the practical needs of a hospital and the care it gives at the same time as satisfying the requirements of patients. She is now focusing her attention on this challenge.
University College London - Academic Careers Office
Authors: Benari Colby
Published: December 2020

Help progress science and biomedical research discoveries along the development pathway to patient benefit. Offer academics assistance with: defining development and regulatory strategy; building and managing links to available resources; funder liaising and reporting requirements;
managing risks and issues, follow-on funding and on-going project management and support. Bridge the gap between academia and the commercial healthcare sector by de-risking UCL's novel science a team of 24 highly experienced industrial translational scientists tasked with establishing the
organisational culture, capability and processes necessary to deliver the UCL and BRC's mission of "Accelerating translation for health and wealth". The TRO supports the development of early stage research from across UCL and its partner hospitals, into projects attractive for translational
funding or further development with partners and nurture access to complementary capacity, expertise and skills in translational science. The TRO achieves this through the integrated activities of three specialist groups a Drug Discovery Group (DDG) provides expert advice and practical support
for small molecule drug discovery projects across UCL; a Translational Research Group who provide experienced project leaders to guide projects (gene, cell and regenerative medicine therapies, devices, diagnostics, small molecules) through their development; and an Industrial Partnerships
Group who initiate and manage relationships with industry. The team have a proven track record of therapeutic delivery and work in partnership with academics and industry partners, enhancing projects to optimise the chances of long-term success and benefit to patients.
Study on absorption evaluation of salmon ghrelin taken orally and its safety as a functional food
Authors: Kihara Minoru
Published: December 2020

One of the hallmarks of life as an animal is the need and ability to consume food, digest it and convert this biomass into essential nutrients, the digestive system is, in fact, one of the centrally important organs in any animal. It is also a complex environment and the body dedicates
a huge amount of resources towards supporting it. Blood vessels, nerves, hormones and energy are abundant in and around the digestive system, and understanding this immensely important organ and how it functions can yield discoveries that impact our health. One way that digestive research
is producing results is the discovery of specific peptides in the digestive system of animals that might have therapeutic value in humans. Professor Minoru Kihara, based at the Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Digestive Physiology, School of Biological Sciences at Tokai University, Japan,
is leading a research team that is discovering that the level of similarity in the peptides found in the digestive tract of animals can be high, even between disparate species like humans and fish. This means the fish stomach may offer important benefits to human health.
Stress assessment by psychophysiological monitoring in daily life
Authors: Kanbara Kenji , Morita Yukihiro
Published: December 2020

Stress is a natural phenomenon designed to serve as the body's natural survival reaction to real or perceived threats. It is a complex and multifaceted function and its purpose is to allow organisms to adapt quickly to a potentially dangerous situation, promoting an individual's likelihood
of survival. Stress levels peak markedly in a 'fight or flight' incident, then reduce again after danger has passed. Stress is designed to work in an acute situation, but when the stress becomes chronic – as is often the case in many modern lifestyles – the body remains constantly
on high alert, potentially causing a number of stress-related symptoms. While the exact mechanisms behind it are not clearly understood, stress is recognised as having a major impact on overall human health and wellbeing and, indeed, may directly or indirectly lead to illnesses such as organic
or functional disorders, cancer and mental health conditions. Mental health issues and stress-related diseases are becoming ever-more prevalent as modern lifestyles become more pressured, particularly within sub-populations such as those who work in hospitals and in industry. However, the
general population is also becoming increasingly affected by stress. Professor Kenji Kanbara, from the Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine at Kagawa University in Japan, is a medical doctor who has an extensive experience in understanding more about stress-related illnesses.
'Psychosomatic processes are subconsciously progressive, and the health threat is significant for that reason,' he highlights. Thus, it is important to be able to recognise and deal with increased stress levels to forestall further health issues.
Systematic Delineation of Media Polarity on COVID-19 Vaccines in Africa: Computational Linguistic Modeling Study
Authors: Gbashi Sefater , Adebo Oluwafemi Ayodeji , Doorsamy Wesley , Njobeh Patrick Berka
Published: December 2020

Background

The global onset of COVID-19 has resulted in substantial public health and socioeconomic impacts. An immediate medical breakthrough is needed. However, parallel to the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic is the proliferation of information regarding the pandemic, which, if uncontrolled, cannot only mislead the public but also hinder the concerted efforts of relevant stakeholders in mitigating the effect of this pandemic. It is known that media communications can affect public perception and attitude toward medical treatment, vaccination, or subject matter, particularly when the population has limited knowledge on the subject.

Objective

This study attempts to systematically scrutinize media communications (Google News headlines or snippets and Twitter posts) to understand the prevailing sentiments regarding COVID-19 vaccines in Africa.

Methods

A total of 637 Twitter posts and 569 Google News headlines or descriptions, retrieved between February 2 and May 5, 2020, were analyzed using three standard computational linguistics models (ie, TextBlob, Valence Aware Dictionary and Sentiment Reasoner, and Word2Vec combined with a bidirectional long short-term memory neural network).

Results

Our findings revealed that, contrary to general perceptions, Google News headlines or snippets and Twitter posts within the stated period were generally passive or positive toward COVID-19 vaccines in Africa. It was possible to understand these patterns in light of increasingly sustained efforts by various media and health actors in ensuring the availability of factual information about the pandemic.

Conclusions

This type of analysis could contribute to understanding predominant polarities and associated potential attitudinal inclinations. Such knowledge could be critical in informing relevant public health and media engagement policies.
Assessment of Strategies and Epidemiological Characteristics of Tuberculosis in Henan Province, China: Observational Study
Authors: Jiang Hui , Zhang Guolong , Yin Jinfeng , Zhao Dongyang , Liu Fangchao , Yao Yuxia , Cai Chao , Xu Jiying , Li Xinwei , Xu Wangli , Li Weimin
Published: December 2020

Background

In 2005, China established an internet-based Tuberculosis Information Management System (TBIMS) to monitor changes in tuberculosis (TB). Many scholars have conducted epidemiological research using TBIMS; however, few studies assessing control strategies have been performed based on this platform data. Henan province is a high TB incidence area in China where, in addition to following the nationwide TB strategies, a series of local intervention combinations have been implemented.

Objective

Our study aims to evaluate the impact of nationwide TB intervention combinations on epidemiological changes and determine whether Henan province can achieve the World Health Organization’s (WHO) goal of reducing TB incidence by 50% and TB mortality by 75% by the year 2025.

Methods

We used descriptive statistical methods to show the spatial and temporal distribution of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) reported to the TBIMS database from 2005 to 2018, and logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors of bacteriological-positive TB. The dynamic compartmental model and Bayesian melding approach was adopted to estimate the burden of TB under the impact of different TB control policies.

Results

In total, 976,526 PTB cases were notified to the TBIMS in Henan in a period of 14 years. Although the overall incidence of PTB declined from 91.4/105 to 58.5/105, and the overall incidence of bacteriological-positive PTB declined from 44.5/105 to 14.7/105, the WHO’s 2025 goal could not be met. The distribution of high incidence and poverty-stricken counties were basically overlapped. Men, farmers and herdsmen (in rural areas), and subjects aged ≥60 years were more likely to develop bacteriological-positive PTB. The increasing treatment success for drug-susceptible tuberculosis and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis has not provided the desired reduction in incidence and mortality.

Conclusions

To achieve the targeted goal, while improving the cure rate of TB, new active (rather than passive) detection and intervention strategies should be formulated based on epidemiological characteristics in Henan province.
Loom weights as a research tool
Authors: Boertien Jeannette
Published: December 2020

The function of loom weights was to stretch and space the warp threads on a vertical loom. The loom weight is often the only preserved remnant of a loom used in antiquity. Because of their ubiquity, loom weights are the main key to the study of textile production in the Iron Age in the Levant.During excavations loom weights are easy to recognize if they are made of metal, stone or ceramics. Within burnt layers, unfired clay loom weights can be accidentally fired and thus well preserved. But it is difficult to recognize and securely excavate unfired raw clay loom weights. The two main problems are:1. Unfired loom weights disintegrate when they get wet.2. When excavating a mudbrick site, the clay of the loom weights resembles the matrix they were found in.Clay loom weights were sometimes fired, resulting in durable terracotta weights, but the majority were made of unfired clay. Unlike Staermose Nielsen (Staermose Nielsen, K.-H. In: Pritchard, F. and J.F. Wild (ed.). Northern Archaeological Textiles NESAT VII. Oxbow Books, Oxford, 2005:130), who states: “Groups of unbaked clay weights are the more numerous of all, but as clay loom weights reveal themselves on excavations only as disintegrated lumps, their usefulness in a classification is minimal.” For many excavations Staermose Nielsen is right. But that is because of the way the weights are excavated rather than preserved in the ground. I will demonstrate that clay loom weights, when properly excavated and preserved, can be classified and studied in a meaningful way, enabling us to reconstruct textile production. The practical part.I would like to share a registration form for loom weights to be used in excavations and research projects (see abstract link below). Your comments and ideas on my conceptual form are very welcome!
The visible dead: dolmens and the landscape in Early Bronze Age Jordan
Authors: Fraser James
Published: December 2020

Overview:Dolmens are usually described as part of a regional megalithic phenomenon that spanned the 5th-2nd millennia BC. However, this presentation assumes that most ‘dolmens’ are mis-identified. When strictly defined, dolmens better reflect a local funerary tradition of the 4th millennium BC.Definitions:The term dolmen includes a variety of features whose only similarity is their use of large stone slabs. This presentation defines a dolmen as a freestanding,rectangular chamber formed by two upright orthostats along each long side, and a single roof slab over the top. Dolmens have often been conflated with cairns. This presentation defines a cairn as a large pile of small stones. Such features may have contained a low, cist burial chamber; others may simply be piles of field clearance.Distribution:Dolmens, as defined above, concentrate within a limited area of the east rift escarpment of the Jordan Valley, consistent with a local funerary tradition.Chronology: Recent dolmen excavations have yielded assemblages that date exclusively to the EB I (c.3700-3000 BC). This talk examines the close spatial relationship between dolmens and EB I settlement sites in a discrete geographical zone.
Easy-Going: The Treatment of Written Records in the Ancient Syropalestine
Authors: Čech Pavel
Published: December 2020

Who invented the Proto-Sinaitic writing? Sophisticated scribes, or unlettered workers? Orly Goldwasser, the chief advocate of the second possibility, borrowed from economic sciences the term ‘disruptive innovation’ that “describes a process by which a product or service takes root initially in simple applications at the bottom of a market and then relentlessly moves ‘up market,’ eventually displacing established competitors.”[1] During the years spent with translations of Levantine texts for a Czech kind of „Context of Scripture“, I had an impression – however daring –  that it is possible to generalize this finding for the Syropalestinian literature as a whole. Be it cuneiform or linear, narrative or Listenwissenschaft,[2] it shares the same basic tendency for simplicity and unambiguousness.DefinitionsDisruptive innovation: process by which a product or service takes root initially in simple applications at the bottom of a market and then relentlessly moves up market, eventually displacing established competitorsCenter and Periphery: The centre–periphery model is a spatial metaphor which describes and attempts to explain the structural relationship between the advanced or metropolitan ‘centre’ and a less developed ‘periphery’[1] www.claytonchristensen.com/disruptive_innovation.html[2] KTU 1.103 is a very special example from many points of view (and on the background of Y. Cohen, Akkadian Omens from Hattuša and Emar. The šumma immeru and šumma ālu Omens, in: Zeitschrift für Assyriologie, 97, 2007, str. 233‑251).
The Bay of Kiladha Project (Argolid, Greece): Bridging East and West
Authors: Birchler Emery Patrizia , Beck Julien , Beck Julien , Koutsoumba Despina , Koutsoumba Despina , Kraounaki Ioanna , Kraounaki Ioanna
Published: December 2020

The project, a joint research program between the University of Geneva, under the aegis of the Swiss School of Archaeology in Greece, and the Greek Ephorate of Underwater Antiquities, aims at finding traces of prehistoric human activity in a small bay of the southern Argolid, near the Franchthi Cave, a major prehistoric site used from 40,000 years ago to 5,000 years ago. For most of these 35,000 years, because of global sea-level change in prehistory, the Bay of Kiladha was in fact a small coastal plain, where the sedentary farmers of the Neolithic period had probably their village.Research currently focuses on two parts of the bay: the Franchthi sector, close to the Cave (submerged Neolithic village) and the Lambayanna sector, just a few hundred meters to the north of Franchthi Cave (HA II fortified settlement).
Linking a rural sanctuary with ancient metallurgy at Kataliondas Kourvellos (Cyprus)
Authors: Birchler Emery Patrizia , Beck Julien , Agapiou Athos , Constantin Dragos , Lysandrou Vasiliki , Merminod Bertrand , Themistocleous Kyriakos
Published: December 2020

Kataliondas Kourvellos is located at the base of an unusual rock knob, in the lower Troodos foothills, about 20 kilometers south of Nicosia. Recent excavations by the University of Geneva revealed that the site was occupied both in the Pre-Pottery Neolithic period, at the end of the 8th millennium BCE, and in the Cypro-Classical period, in the 4th century BCE.During the Cypro-Classical period, the site seems to have functioned as a rural sanctuary, but the purpose of its location there is not clear: among other explanations, one could be its link with the mining, smelting, and/or trade of metal resources (the lower Troodos foothills have been exploited since the Bronze Age for their copper and other mineralogical resources).
Thoughts on the possible Iranian origins of the Jemdet Nasr painting style
Authors: Ossman Mouheyddine
Published: December 2020

Dates: ca. 3150-2900 B.C.E.Places: Western Iran and Central MesopotamiaMain argument: It is admitted that Iran had an influence on the southern Mesopotamian region during the Jemdet Nasr period, but the mechanisms of this influence are not clear. This talk would like to suggest some Iranian influence arrived in Central Mesopotamia during the collapse of the so-called "Uruk system", which coincides with the reappearance of painting on ware.
Some new Linear Elamite inscriptions
Authors: Mäder Michael
Published: December 2020

The Linear Elamite writing system was used in the late 3rd millennium in ancient Iran.The underlying language is supposed to be Elamite – an isolate language otherwise known from cuneiform sources. 40 to 60% of the Elamite words and morphemes are decoded.In early 2016, about ten new inscriptions and fragments were presented at the University of Hamedan, Iran. They are now in the Mahboubian Gallery. Some of these new texts are the longest ones ever found, depicting up to 200 signs.In the  past months, the Deciphering Crew at the Institut für Sprachwissenschaft, Universität Bern, has made drawings of the so far unpublished inscriptions and compiled a sign catalogue.Preliminary results show that  fragments from Gonur and Altyn Depe formerly tagged as “Linear Elamite”  do not belong to the Linear Elamite text corpus.The Deciphering Project is hoping to collaborate with scholars of different fields. The web page http://elamicon.org is an open source project.
Mesopotamian cylinder seal from Lori Berd (Armenia): An object in an unusual location?
Authors: Davtyan Ruben
Published: December 2020

Archaeological Site: Lori Berd (Northern Armenia); cemetery, dating from Middle Bronze Age till Achaemenid period.Tomb No. 106: stone chamber. Ceramic and part of the finds date to Achaemenid period. Also a pinkish chalcedony cylinder seal with gold caps on gold pin. Iconography: standing figure, seizing two upstanding caprids surrounded by symbolic fillings.Dating: a Neo-Babylonian cylinder seal of late 8th till 7th century BC.Similar example: usage of Neo-Assyrian/Babylonian cylinder seal by Irtashduna (wife of Darius I) around 500 BC.Interpretation: suitable for reciprocity of gifts in prestige-goods system of Achaemenid period. Perhaps a gift from satrap to local chief.
Garments and Shrouds of Egyptian and Nubian Pilgrims from Qasr el-Yahud, Ninth Century CE
Authors: Shamir Orit
Published: December 2020

Qasr el-Yahud, situated on the west bank of the Jordan River nearby Jericho, features the Monastery of Saint John the Baptist, believed to be the traditional site of the Baptism of Jesus1 and has a centuries-long tradition of ‘washing of the lepers’. Byzantine and Medieval authors attributed the waters of the Jordan river a special power to heal lepers who bathed in them, especially at the spot where Jesus was baptized.After the site became sacred, traditions developed that were associated with the holy features of the water and its curative properties. When the emperor Constantius became ill, he asked to bath in the Jordan. In 1983 a rescue excavation at the site revealed thirty-four skeletons, probably representing a hospital population with cases of tuberculosis, leprosy and facial disfigurement. Such individuals travelled enormous distances, attracted to the site in the hope of washing away their illness. Anthropological evidence indicates that the individuals were probably Egyptian in origin, while structural analysis of the skulls proved that some were Nubian. They were buried in a Christian manner, lying on their backs, facing the rising sun. Some of the burial customs at this site, such as placing seeds from the Egyptian Balsam tree (Balanites Aegyptiaca) in the hands of the deceased, conform to Egyptian traditions.The arid climate of the Judean Desert helped to preserve 250 textiles, among them many examples comprising two different textiles or more sewn together or patched one on another. Radiocarbon dating of the textiles placed the date in the eighth to ninth centuries (787–877 CE).  The textiles are made of linen and cotton, sometimes decorated with wool tapestry, brocade and selfbands. They include many cut-to-shape tunics except one which is woven-to-shape, head coverings, bandages and shrouds. This research combines historic sources, anthropological and botanic evidence, burial practices with the textiles. The material is of great importance because it gives us idea about the burial costumes used by Christians at the late Islamic period. In addition, those are the only textiles from this period found in Israel.