bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Data Envelope Analysis (Dea) Effectiveness Models: Example Application for International Hotels in Taiwan and Issues in Using Particular Models
Authors: Shen Ching- Cheng , Tsai Chin-Fa
Published: June 2018

The paper introduces a Taiwan situation and reviews recent data envelope analysis (DEA) efficiency measurement literature as part of considering efficiency measurement for tourism operations. This research focuses on showing that using fuzzy multiple objective linear functional programming (FMOLFP) to calculate an efficiency ratio can be more appropriate, reliable and practical than using either of two other DEA models. The research examines formulations of DEA efficiency including how three DEA efficiency measurement methods work and why alternative methods have evolved. Advantages of using the FMOLFP method are considered. Efficiency results are presented for Taiwan to illustrate what results one gets using DEA methods.
Developing Sustainable Tourism
Authors: Batra Adarsh , . Sutheera , Zou Xuejing
Published: June 2018

Khao Sam Roi Yod National Park, as a famous tourist attraction and the biggest freshwater marshland in Thailand, is at the crossroads. This place has already been explored for several decades but the difficulties are still in front of the tourism planners and supervisors. A lot of ideal measures have been planned out by the local authority. The problem is whether all these plans are practical and concerned with all stakeholders' interests and how can all the plans be implemented effectively and efficiently. This paper focuses on the managerial and environmental problems in this area. The first part provides a briefly overview of Khao Sam Roi Yod National Park. The second part reviews the problems threatening the sustainable tourism development in this area. The last part presents some pre-emptive and corrective measures and policy implications for combating the negative impacts in the Park.
Prospects of Ecotourism Development in Ganderbal District of Jammu and Kashmir
Authors: Bhat Iqbal Ahmad , J Shyju P
Published: June 2018

Tourism is considered as an important industry in the state of Jammu and Kashmir in general and the Valley of Kashmir in particular. Though the State’s economy is largely depended on agriculture and horticulture, tourism is still considered as the backbone of the economy as it generates large scale employment opportunities. The industry has generated large number of jobs; particularly it has benefitted the younger generation. Boosting the economic activities in the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors in the state, tourism has continued to play a vital role in the economy of the state.  The Valley of Kashmir witnesses a huge rush of tourists especially during peak seasons and every corner of  Srinagar city is filled with high movement of tourists. The movement of tourists has largely been restricted to Golden Triangle of Kashmir i.e. Srinagar, Phalgam and Gulmarg. The Government has started earmarking other virgin destinations of Kashmir and established authorities for the development of the same, but on the ground level the scene is quite different. It is imperative to assess the carrying capacity of tourist attractions especially new and emerging destinations, in order to minimize the negative impacts of tourism. Keeping in view these considerations, the present work is an attempt to highlight the tourism potential of unexplored areas in Ganderbal District, which have immense potential for ecotourism development.
An Empirical Analysis of Wine Tourists’ Perspective on Tourism Infrastructure in Wine Regions of Maharashtra
Authors: Kaddi Anupama Kotur , Suklabaidya Paramita
Published: June 2018

Wine tourism in Maharashtra is slowly but surely evolving and entering into the ‗growth phase‘. Tourism infrastructure development is one of the primary steps in tourism product development process; therefore there is a need to assess the quality of existing tourism infrastructure in the wine tourism regions in Maharashtra so as to promote and further the growth of the wine tourism product in Maharashtra. It is important to understand the exact nature or type as well as importance of tourism infrastructure from the wine tourists‘ perspective for an enhanced and overall wine tourism experience. This paper is based on a study undertaken with two objectives:(a) to study the importance of various tourism infrastructure facilities in wine tourism growth; (b) to analyse the gap, if any, between the expected and the actual quality of critical tourism infrastructure in wine regions in Maharashtra as perceived by the tourists. For the purpose of this study, twelve (12) most critical tourism infrastructure facilities were identified and  questionnaire was prepared on the same.  The respondents to the questionnaire are the wine tourists as this paper aims to understand the perception of the wine tourists on tourism infrastructure facilities at the wine tourism destinations in the state. This paper is aimed at forming the basis for further research on wine tourism management in Maharashtra. The paper will try to suggest a roadmap for ‗need based infrastructure development‘ for a sustainable growth of the wine tourism destinations in Maharashtra based on the findings of the study.
Motivational Behaviour of Tourism Industry Employees in Relation to Organisational Culture
Authors: Kallarackal Tomy K
Published: June 2018

The productivity and effectiveness of any organisation depends mainly on the performance level of the employees in the organisation. Human behaviour scientists over the years have conducted various studies and have concluded that, the performance of employees in any organisation depends largely on their motivational behaviour. Reviews of related literature confirm the role of various factors in the motivational behaviour of employees including organisational culture. The title of the present study is ―Motivational Behaviour of Tourism Industry Employees in Relation to Organisational Culture‖. The major objective included ascertaining the relationship between motivational behaviour and organisational culture of employees working in these types of businesses. The population of the study consisted of 323 employees working in travel agencies, tour operations, airlines and hotels and resorts in Bangalore. The sampling technique employed was judgment sampling. For the present study two tools namely: Motivational Analysis of Organisations- Behaviour (MAO-B) by Pareek (2003) and Organisational Culture Survey by Pareek (2003) were used to collect data. The findings of the study show that most of the organisations in the tourism industry hold Internal and Narcissistic aspects of organisational culture reflecting the sad state of affairs prevalent in these organisations.
The Social Perspective of Tourism in review of Sustainability and Carrying Capacity: A Synthesis of Observations and Convictions.
Authors: Ajay K.L , Devasia Deleep
Published: June 2018

Tourism is an authoritative branch in the socio-economic expansion in present-day epochs, backing diverse ways and reinforces the inter-connected processes. The development of tourism prompts changes, directly or indirectly in the social atmosphere of a destination. Changes in the social and economic fabric of particular towns, regions and even countries can be attributed directly to the advent of tourism and tourists. In light of these aspects, the social carrying capacity approaches involve using attitudes and tolerance levels of the host population to set limits on tourism development. This paper is a theoretical approach that throws light to the sociological perception of tourism with respect to carrying capacity thereby integrating the contemplations and criticisms regarding this subject.
Intrapreneurship Approach for Tourism Management
Authors: Jyotirmay Ghosh
Published: June 2018

'Corporate Entrepreneurship, also known as Intrapreneurship is the process of profitably creating innovation within an organizational setting. Most companies are realizing the need for corporate entrepreneuring. This need has arisen as response to (1) the rapidly growing number of new sophisticated competitors, (2) a sense of distrust in th    e traditional methods of corporate management, and (3) an exodus of some of the best and brightest people form corporations to become small business entrepreneurs. Thus corporate entrepreneurship or intrapreneurship has been practiced in all industries, including the Tourism industry.In this article effort have been made to demonstrate the techniques of implementing intrapreneurship with examples from the tourism industry. Tourism, being the major factor of global economic development, needs to be nourished with constant innovations and new venture creations. Intrapreneurship has proved to provide these innovations and new ventures. A case of Southwest Airlines of USA, is presented to portray how the intrapreneurship principles are applied effectively
Community Participation and Visitor Satisfaction for Ecotourism Development in Similipal National Park, Orissa
Authors: Swain Sampad Kumar , Parida Bivraj Bhusan , Bagri S C
Published: June 2018

Community and tourists are two inseparable stakeholders that are complementary to each other in many respects in the development of ecotourism destinations. The assessment of perceptions of community and tourists on ecotourism development in the protected areas is a baseline on which ecotourism potential of the park is completely dependent. It is proved in many cases that there is a better understanding between community and tourists in the conservation of protected areas through the development of ecotourism. This paper explores how theecotourism project has brought about considerable changes in the perceptions of community and tourists. The data collected from the residents of buffer area of the park show a positive response towards the promotion of eco friendly tourism in Similpal National Park. Similarly, the results of the analysis of the perceptions of tourists demonstrate a huge responsibility to the conservation of flora and fauna and sustainability of the ecotourism attractions. The outcomes of the research will have immense impact on the park authority to involve the community in all decision making process of ecotourism project in the future. The findings of the paper have practical relevance for park authority and tour operators that are trying to develop low impact tourism or responsible tourism. This research will lay foundation for future research work on the ecotourism in the protected areas.
Review of leisure activity participation constriant models
Authors: Kimmm Jeongsun
Published: June 2018

There have been constraint studies in the academic areas of leisure, recreation and travel; and the hierarchical model of leisure constraints (Crawford et al 1991) has been tested frequently.  However, the issues of invalidity of this model in hierarchical flow of constraints and in universal application have been raised.  Therefore, the three-factor model of leisure activity participation and the pyramid model of leisure activity participation constraints were developed to supplement the almost 20-yera old model.  Through the classroom survey at Universities in the Republic of Korea, it turns out that 1) the structural, interpersonal and interpersonal constraints play a constraint role in leisure activity participation separately or together, and 2) structural constraints are most seriously followed by interpersonal and them interpersonal constraints.
A plan to guide the direction of success for kulik bird sanctuary in West Bengal
Authors: Roy Tamal Basu
Published: June 2018

Tourism is one of the best ways to enhance the employment opportunities and economic progress to an area. Raiganj Kulik Bird Sanctuary is one of the largest bird sanctuaries in Asia.  In-spite of having several ecotourism strengths it is very unpredictable to imagine that  the said Sanctuary can’t get popularity and fame as a tourist spot in India as well as in Asia. The essences of this paper is to identify the barriers for the tourism development along with some strategic attempts for the future development and there by enhancement of tourist attraction. On the other hand the sanctuary is not so preserved from illicit poaching that can be detrimental to its further growth.  Delinquency in support building system towards the sanctuary and ignorant glimpse  to the wild life is really of the major deludes of human being, which has also made the authors expedited to think over the matter
"Prospects of Medical Tourism - A Study of The Prominent Participants in Hospital And Hospitality Industry in Bangalore and Chennai"
Authors: Varghese Bindi
Published: June 2018

Medical Tourism" is comparatively new in the vast ocean of travel & tourism industry. When we describe Medical Tourism in simple terms, it is a provision of 'cost effective' private medical care in collaboration with the tourism industry for patients needing surgical and other forms of specialized treatment. This process is being facilitated by the corporate sector involved in medical care as well as the tourism industry - both private and public. Unlike other countries, India is a safe place and people are known for their hospitality. It's the most touted healthcare destinations for .Medical or Health tourism has become a common form of vacationing, and covers a broad spectrum of medical services. It mixes leisure, fun and relaxation together with wellness and healthcare.Medical tourism, a rapidly growing sector in the Indian market, which is now being actively, developed by both public and private sector tourism and healthcare organizations. Medical Tourism" diversifies different paradigms, which derive at a common perception - a specialized field of healthcare tourism in general. The technical concoction defines medical tourism as, "Travel from a normal place of residence to a destination at which medical or surgical treatment is provided or performed, and which involves more than one night away from the country of residence". Within this broad field, there are a growing number of specialized sectors of medical tourism, including surgical tourism, wellness and spa tourism, dental tourism and reproductive or fertility tourism. Medical Tourism in simple terms, it is a provision of 'cost effective' private medical care in collaboration with the tourism industry for patients needing surgical and other forms of specialized treatment. This process is being facilitated by the corporate sector involved in medical care as well as the tourism industry - both private and public. Medical tourism is gaining international significance, as more and more patients prefer their treatments abroad. In the developed countries the cost of the treatment and the surgery are far higher than those in the developing countries. So getting medical treatment abroad is economical for the patients without any compromise in the quality of treatment is one of the major concerns. Western patients are increasingly travelling to developing countries for health care and developing countries are increasingly offering their skills and facilities to paying foreign customers. This international trade in medical services has huge economic potential for developing countries and serious implications for health care across the globe.
Tourism and Acculturation: A Study of Goa
Authors: Pawaskar Pinky , Goel Mridula
Published: June 2018

Renowned for its beaches, places of worship and world heritage architecture, Goa is visited by large number of international and domestic tourists each year. The culture of the Goan people and their acceptability of tourists from different lands play a critical role in making this small state a popular tourist destination in India. In this paper we attempt to study how acculturation through Portuguese rule has given Goa a „Westernized‟ image. The ease with which this cultural change can be exhibited in tourist products like food, music, dress, language has helped to promote cultural diffusion. It has also resulted in attitudinal change. These symbols of cultural diffusion, along with the attitude of the natives make this beautiful coastal paradise a popular destination. A warm welcome with the westernized attitude of non interference helps the tourists „to be your-self and provides a competitive advantage to the region
Information on Expenses in Reporting by Segments of Organizations with Seasonal Activities
Authors: Баранов П. , Baranov P. , Федорова Инна , Fedorova Inna
Published: June 2018

In the process of the survey, the requirements of Russian accounting standards and international financial reporting standards were reviewed, the current state of research in segmentation reporting by organizations with seasonal activities, as well as the disclosure of expenditure information was studied. Th e necessity of disclosure in the reporting of indicators for the seasonal and inter-seasonal periods of the organization’s activity is justified.
Problems of Innovative Activity in the Framework of «Strategy of Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation»
Authors: Миронов А. , Mironov A.
Published: June 2018

Th e article shows the fallacy of the myths having no basis in the writings of Karl Marx that «science has become a direct productive force». A science, techniques and technologies are considered as the interconnected elements of the Great Triad included in social, cultural and economic fi elds of activity. Th ey are created, developed and transmitted through the purposeful activity of social institutes of science and education carried out by specifi c individuals broadcast thanks to purposeful activity of social institutes of science and education which is carried out by concrete individuals — scientists, engineers, teachers.
Supply Chain Visibility and Social Responsibility: Investigating Consumers’ Behaviors and Motives
Authors: Kraft Tim , Valdés León , Zheng Yanchong
Published: June 2018

Consumers increasingly want to know more about where and how the products they purchase are being made. To create transparency requires a company to both gain visibility into its supply chain and disclose information to consumers. In this paper, we focus on the dimension of visibility and investigate when companies can benefit from greater supply chain visibility. To do so, we design an incentivized human–subject experiment to study two key questions: (i) How does supply chain visibility impact consumers’ valuations of a company’s social responsibility (SR) practices in its upstream supply chain? (ii) What roles do indirect reciprocity and consumers’ prosociality play in affecting their valuations under different levels of visibility? In our design, greater visibility is represented by lower uncertainty in the outcomes of a company’s SR efforts. Our results show that consumers value greater visibility regarding a company’s SR practices in the upstream supply chain. This is especially true if consumers exhibit a self-serving bias and use uncertainty as an excuse not to pay for SR. We also observe that high prosocial consumers do not exhibit strong indirect reciprocity. Conversely, indirect reciprocity significantly increases low prosocial consumers’ valuations under High visibility. Our work adds to the experimental literature focusing on transparency and SR (which has primarily studied disclosure) by examining the equally important but understudied dimension of visibility. Furthermore, our results on consumer heterogeneity offer insights into what SR information resonates with a company’s target consumers.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2017.0685 .
Divine Energies: The Consuming Fire and the Beatific Vision
Authors: Holdier A. G.
Published: June 2018

I argue that a comprehensive ontological assessment of the beatific vision suggests that an individual’s experience of God’s face is not merely dependent on a revelation of the divine energies, but that it requires a particular mode of reception on the part of the blessed individual grounded in the reality of their faith; lacking faith, what would otherwise be experienced as the blessed vision of God is instead received as a torturous punishment. Therefore, I contend that the beatific vision is one of two possible phenomena resultant from seeing God’s face; the other is more commonly labeled “hellfire.” Consequently, the often-assumed bifurcated landscape of the Afterlife (into a Heaven suffused with God’s presence and a Hell deprived of it) must be reassessed.
Some Problems of Heavenly Freedom
Authors: Kittle Simon
Published: June 2018

In this essay I identify four different problems of heavenly freedom; i.e., problems that arise for those who hold that the redeemed in heaven have free will.  They are: the problem arising from God's own freedom, the problem of needing to praise the redeemed for not sinning in heaven, the problem of needing to affirm that the redeemed freely refrain from sinning, and the problem arising from a commitment to the free will defence.  I explore how some of these problems vary depending on the notion of free will which is endorsed.  And I suggest that because these differing problems arise from distinct theological and/or philosophical commitments, there is little reason to think that one and the same feature or property of an account of heavenly freedom will address them all.
The Importance of Reindeer in Northern Finland during World War II (1939–45) and the Post-War Reconstruction
Authors: Turunen Minna T. , Rasmus Sirpa , Kietäväinen Asta
Published: June 2018

We studied the consequences of World War II (WWII, 1939–45) for reindeer herding in northern Finland, evaluated the significance of the livelihood for the population during and after the war, and identified the factors that made successful reconstruction of the livelihood possible. The study is based on qualitative content analysis of articles published in the professional journal Poromies (‘Reindeer Herder’) during the period 1931–67. Reindeer were an important source of food, transport, clothing, footwear, and skins for soldiers during the war. Approximately 220 000 reindeer were slaughtered to provide food, averting the compulsory slaughter of 88 000 cows. Herders’ skills were highly valued during the war. The herds and herders figured in the reconstruction of northern Finland and contributed to the war reparations owed the Soviet Union. During the period 1939–45 the number of reindeer fell dramatically, and the cession of Finnish territories to the Soviet Union and destruction of fences made herding difficult. In addition, the area of pastureland available to reindeer decreased. The combined effects of military operations, a labour shortage, an increased number of predators, and difficult weather and snow conditions led to losses of reindeer. The recovery of the livelihood to its pre-war level took 10 years. We argue that in addition to improved post-war pasture conditions—a result of decreased reindeer densities and favourable weather—the rapid recovery of reindeer herding can be attributed to the high motivation, diligence, and experiential knowledge of herders and the herding administration gained in rebuilding the livelihood after WWI (1914–18). Both groups understood that in northern Finland it would be economically wiser to invest in reindeer husbandry rather than cattle farming since reindeer are better adapted than cattle to the harsh climate and to forage grown in low-productive soils. Reindeer herding was based on natural pastures and labour, whereas cattle farming relied on crop cultivation, as well as expensive buildings, machinery, and fertilizers.
Customer requirements for the continuous improvement of product-service system: a conceptual approach
Authors: Anacleto Cristiane Alves , Paladini Edson Pacheco , Vaz Caroline Rodrigues
Published: June 2018

Identifying customer requirements is a strategic element for consolidating product-service systems (PSSs) in the market. However, literature on empirical studies has devoted relatively little attention to this topic. The purpose of the present work is to identify PSS customer requirements by analyzing empirical studies. Toward this goal, we present here a structured systematic literature review. This study systematically reviews 269 articles published until 2015 in the PSS field. About 10% of the publications reviewed describe empirical studies that identify PSS-customer requirements. After analyzing the content of these articles, we identify 37 requirements clustered around three criteria: (i) type of PSS, (ii) type of business transaction, and (iii) customer requirements that relate to product, service, or general aspects of PSS. The empirical studies investigated in this literature review focused on the business-to-business context. This study support PSS provider meet customer requirements. Then, they will be more successful in offering the PSS.
The Effect of Lifestyle, Perception, Satisfaction, and Preference on The Online Re-purchase Intention
Authors: Pebriani Winda Victoria , Sumarwan Ujang , Simanjuntak Mega
Published: June 2018

The objective of this research was to analyze the effect of lifestyle, perception, satisfaction, and preference on the online re-purchase intention. The data are collected from 218 women consumers who have bought Muslim clothing through e-commerce (Hijup) and social network (Instagram) at least two times in the last three months. The data are analyzed using t-test and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The result of this research indicates that lifestyle has a significant effect on perception, perception has an effect on satisfaction, satisfaction has an effect on preference, and preference has an effect on re-purchase intention. Meanwhile, satisfaction has no significant effect on re-purchase intention in both models.
Interpretive structural modeling of knowledge network in car industry’ R&D centers
Authors: Rezaeian Ali , Bagheri Rouhollah
Published: June 2018

The current research has been done with the aim of knowledge network interpretive structural modeling in car industry’s R&D centers. The key factors for implementing a knowledge network in car industry’s R&D centers have been determined and then the final graphical model has been drawn by Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) approach.The method of the current applied research includes a survey of experts and then the variables extracted through investigating research background, after that the MATLAB R2013 software is used for making compatible matrix as well as drawing graphical relations of the model by Interpretive Structural Modeling approach.After studying related works & interviewing with under-studied firms’ managers, interpretive structural modeling (ISM) & MICMAC analysis was used to generate a model for knowledge network. Previous studies had not investigated the knowledge network in car industry’s R&D centers; however, the present study implemented the knowledge network model in R&D Centers.
A complex systems approach to e-governance adoption and implementation in Bayelsa State, Nigeria
Authors: Bubou Gordon Monday , Japheth Richard Bunakiye , Gumus Seigha
Published: June 2018

Globally, public sector innovation has become a big issue as citizens demand for greater accountability, effectiveness and efficiency in service delivery, and the liberalisation of the governance system. Debate on e-government evolved in the last decade in parallel with a broader discussion on e-governance, where the concept and practice of e-governance further encompasses the e-government phenomenon. Because of the complexities of governance and e-governance, this chapter presents e-governance as a close, large integrated, open and sociotechnical (CLIOS) framework to meet present and emerging challenges of the e-world, as well as enhance good governance for sustainability.  Novel descriptions of e-governance, governance, CLIOS, complex adaptive systems, sociotechnical systems were provided from literature. From a socio-technical perspective, the design consideration for the adoption and implementation of e-governance architecture for a State in an emerging economy like Nigeria was provided. The contextual aspects that needed to be considered for the adoption of e-governance were discussed and citizens interface with governance through e-governance platforms were highlighted. Examples of countries implementing e-governance, benefits and challenges regarding the Bayelsa case were discussed.
Calculation and 3D analyses of ERR in the band crack front contained in a rectangular plate made of multilayered material
Authors: Dincel Arzu Turan , Akbarov Surkay D.
Published: June 2018

An investigation into the values of the Energy Release Rate (ERR) at the band crack’s front in the rectangular plate made of multilayered composite material is carried out for the opening mode. The corresponding boundary-value problem is modelled by using threedimensional linear theory and solved numerically by using 3D FEM (Three Dimensional Finite Element Method). The main purpose of the current investigation is to study the influence of mechanical and geometrical parameters on the Energy Release Rate (ERR) at this crack front. The numerical results related to the ERR, and the effect of the mechanical and other problem parameters on the ERR are presented and discussed.
Statistical mechanics of cell decision-making: the cell migration force distribution
Authors: Hatzikirou Haralampos
Published: June 2018

Cell decision-making is the cellular process of responding to microenvironmental cues. This can be regarded as the regulation of cell’s intrinsic variables to extrinsic stimuli. Currently, little is known about the principles dictating cell decision-making. Regarding cells as Bayesian decision-makers under energetic constraints, I postulate the principle of least microenvironmental uncertainty principle (LEUP). This is translated into a free-energy principle and I develop a statistical mechanics theory for cell decision-making. I exhibit the potential of LEUP in the case of cell migration. In particular, I calculate the dependence of cell locomotion force on the steady state distribution of adhesion receptors. Finally, the associated migration velocity allows for the reproduction of the cell anomalous diffusion, as observed in cell culture experiments.
One kind power mean of the hybrid Gauss sums
Authors: Lan Qi , Wenpeng Zhang
Published: June 2018

In this paper, we use the analysis method and the properties of trigonometric sums to study the computational problem of one kind power mean of the hybrid Gauss sums. After establishing some relevant lemmas, we give an exact computational formula for it. As an application of our result, we give an exact formula for the number of solutions of one kind diagonal congruence equation mod p, where p be an odd prime.
Interfacing optical fibers with plasmonic nanoconcentrators
Authors: Tuniz Alessandro , Schmidt Markus A.
Published: June 2018

The concentration of light to deep-subwavelength dimensions plays a key role in nanophotonics and has the potential to bring major breakthroughs in fields demanding to understand and initiate interaction on nanoscale dimensions, including molecular disease diagnostics, DNA sequencing, single nanoparticle manipulation and characterization, and semiconductor inspection. Although planar metallic nanostructures provide a pathway to nanoconcentration of electromagnetic fields, the delivery/collection of light to/from such plasmonic nanostructures is often inefficient, narrow-band, and requires complicated excitations schemes, limiting widespread applications. Moreover, planar photonic devices reveal a reduced flexibility in terms of bringing the probe light to the sample. An ideal photonic-plasmonic device should combine (i) a high spatial resolution at the nanometre level beyond to what is state-of-the-art in near-field microscopy with (ii) flexible optical fibers to promote a straightforward integration into current near-field scanning microscopes. Here, we review the recent development and main achievements of nanoconcentrators interfacing optical fibers at their end-faces that reach entirely monolithic designs, including campanile probes, gold-coated fiber-taper nanotips, and fiber-integrated gold nanowires.
The Nordic model: 25 years of drawing the line between earned and capital income in Finland
Authors: Knuutinen Reijo
Published: June 2018

In personal income taxation, Finland had used the dualistic income tax model, known as the Nordic model, since 1993. The basic idea is that taxation of earned income is progressive, whereas taxation of capital income is proportional. Here, the model is reviewed from different perspectives: What kind of tax policy background does it have and how is the distinction between types of income argued for on theoretical grounds? How has the borderline of earned and capital income been drawn in tax legislation, and how is it drawn in the court cases, in particular in those related to tax avoidance? The dualistic model has often been criticized using equity arguments, but there are still strong arguments for the model. In any case, the model has not always worked too well in practice. The distinction has required special tax legislation as well as given rise to many court cases.
Evaluation in English earnings conference calls: a corpus-assisted contrastive study
Authors: Pang Jixian , Chen Fang
Published: June 2018

An earnings conference call is a hybrid genre of reporting and promotional discourses in which evaluation plays an important role. Using data from two self-built corpora, this study aims to explore the frequency and functions of evaluation in English earnings conference calls issued by Chinese companies and international companies. Using the computer software package Wmatrix, we carried out a key semantic domains analysis and keywords analysis of the data. The major findings of the analyses are as follows: First, the four parameters of evaluation receive different degrees of importance in earnings conference calls. Second, in earnings conference calls evaluation performs three inter-related functions: as an image promotion strategy, as a speaker identity indexing strategy, and as metadiscourse. Third, although there are similarities, speakers of Chinese companies deviate from their international counterparts in using evaluative language during the calls in aspects of parameters and word choice. Possible reasons for these similarities and differences are discussed with reference to the functions of evaluation in the call as a hybrid genre, genre awareness, and cultural influences.
El desarrollo institucional de una unidad de emprendimiento y empresarismo como estrategia de inclusión social
Authors: Zambrano Valdivieso Oscar Javier
Published: June 2018

El artículo plantea el reto de generar inclusión social, mediante una mayor productividad, más oportunidades de empleo y sobre todo más estrategias para permitir que las ideas de negocios en el mercado nacional e internacional se conviertan en una realidad permanente, principalmente para la juventud de Colombia. Se señala la importancia de promover la innovación y la creatividad y fortalecer las unidades productivas existentes. Se realiza un una investigación de tipo cualitativo, descriptivo y exploratorio, a través de la metodología de estudio de caso. El proyecto se efectuó en el contexto educativo de la Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios, Centro Regional Bucaramanga. Entre los resultados que se obtienen, se pueden destacar el diseño del modelo para la obtención de apoyo económico, publicitario, asesoramiento legal, acompañamiento durante el proceso de varias instituciones y una gestión y análisis rigorosa que permite la continuidad del proyecto. El proyecto permitió sensibilizar, fomentar y acompañar, con responsabilidad social, las iniciativas de emprendimiento y de negocios de la comunidad UNIMINUTO. También se brindaron servicios de asesoría y consultoría en materia de emprendimiento y empresarismo mediante la aplicación del modelo que logra consolidar la Unidad de Emprendimiento y Empresarismo, como organismo articulador desde la comunidad vinculada con la institución.
Producción de ovinos de pelo bajo condiciones de pastoreo en el noreste de México
Authors: Quintanilla Medina Jairo Jeú , González Reyna Arnoldo , Hernández Meléndez Javier , Limas Martínez Andrés Gilberto , Carreón Pérez Alejandro , Martínez González Juan Carlos
Published: June 2018

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto del genotipo, sexo, tipo de parto y año de nacimiento sobre el comportamiento productivo de corderos de razas de pelo (Blackbelly, Katahdin y Pelibuey) y cruces (Blackbelly x Dorper-Pelibuey) en un sistema de producción con pastoreo intensivo en la zona de Güémez, Tamaulipas, México. Se analizaron datos de 290 partos, obtenidos en cuatro épocas de parición y analizados con un modelo lineal. El peso al nacimiento fue mayor en Katahdin (3.75 kg) y en corderos de parto simple (3.74 kg), mientras que el sexo del cordero no produjo diferencia significativa. La ganancia de peso predestete fue mayor en los corderos Blackbelly x Dorper-Pelibuey (0.217 g), al igual que el peso al destete (16.65 kg).
Identificación de bacterias patógenas oportunistas en útero de alpaca pre y poscópula
Authors: Dellepiane G. Helen , Morales Cauti Siever
Published: June 2018

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo la identificación de bacterias presentes en la mucosa uterina de alpaca antes y después de la cópula. Se tomaron 237 muestras de mucosa uterina (177 antes y 60 después de la cópula). Para la toma de la muestra se utilizaron espéculos metálicos e hisopos protegidos para evitar contaminaciones de las muestras. Las muestras fueron conservadas y remitidas al laboratorio en tubos con medio de transporte Stuart a 4 °C. Las muestras fueron sembradas en agar sangre y MacConkey a 37 °C por 24 h y la identificación bacteriana se realizó a través de pruebas bioquímicas. Se identificaron 165 aislados bacterianos y 29 levaduras en el grupo precópula y 64 aislados bacterianos y 6 levaduras en el grupo poscópula. Las bacterias con mayor frecuencia fueron E. coli (24.9%), Providencia stuartii (16.5%), Shigella sp (16.5%), Hafnia alvei (5.9%), Serratia rubidae (5.9%) y levaduras (14.8%).
Efecto de la estación sobre las características seminales de alpacas (Vicugna pacos) criadas a nivel del mar
Authors: Villanueva M. Juan C. , Huanca M. Willian F. , Hilari O. Fred , Uchuari P. Melania , Rodríguez G. Francisco , Huanca L. Wilfredo
Published: June 2018

El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la estación (verano, invierno) sobre las variables seminales de alpacas criadas bajo condiciones de la costa peruana. El estudio se realizó entre los meses de enero a setiembre de 2015 en el departamento de Lima. Se colectaron muestras de semen de 4 alpacas machos de 6-7 años, alimentadas con heno de alfalfa. Se realizaron cinco colecciones, mediante vagina artificial, por animal en cada estación: verano (enero-marzo) e invierno (julio-septiembre) con intervalos de 5 días entre colección (20 colecciones por estación). Se evaluaron las características macroscópicas (volumen, pH, viscosidad, color) y microscópicas (concentración, motilidad, vitalidad, porcentaje de anormalidades, anormalidades de cola y cabeza, gota citoplasmática proximal y distal, y test de endosmosis). Los resultados obtenidos en el invierno presentan diferencias significativas (pÂ0.05) para las variables de concentración (135.9 ± 88.7 x 106/ml vs 242.4 ± 140.9 x 106/ml), motilidad (58.0 ± 22.1% vs 77.3 ± 11.6%), vitalidad (52.9 ± 18.4% vs 64.5 ± 15.9%), viscosidad (5.9 ± 3.4 cm vs 3.7 ± 2.0 cm) y frecuencia de espermatozoides normales (82.6 ± 7.2% vs 88.1 ± 7.0%) para verano e invierno, respectivamente. Los resultados obtenidos indican que la calidad de semen de alpacas, bajo las condiciones donde se realizó el estudio, difiere entre estaciones.
Estimación de heterosis individual en cuyes (Cavia porcellus) F1 cruces de los genotipos Peru, Inti y Andina
Authors: Meza R. Elmer , Rojas Y. Yiyson , Raymondi C. Jorge , Olaguivel F. Cesar
Published: June 2018

El estudio se realizó en la E.E.A. Canaán del INIA (Ayacucho, Perú) con el objetivo de estimar la heterosis individual en cuyes F1 de cruces entre los genotipos Perú, Andina e Inti para las características de peso al beneficio, velocidad de crecimiento, rendimiento de carcasa, grasa de deposición y conversión alimenticia. Se obtuvo información de 115 descendientes entre puros y cruces de los genotipos Perú x Andina, Andina x Perú y Perú x Inti, siendo criados como grupos contemporáneo durante la fase de recría. La incidencia de los efectos fijos de tamaño de camada, sexo de la cría y número de parto de la madre sobre las variables en estudio fue analizada a través de un modelo de efectos, estimándose factores de corrección por mínimos cuadrados para aquellos efectos fijos que tuvieron incidencia significativa (p<0.05). La heterosis fue estimada como el desvío del promedio del cruzamiento recíproco frente al promedio de los parentales puros. No se encontró heterosis significativa en los cruces y para las variables evaluadas. El cruce Perú x Inti (genotipo Perú como vía paterna) y el cruce recíproco Perú x Andina presentaron valores ínfimos de heterosis de 11.90 g (1.5%) y 10.25 g (1.3%) para el carácter peso al beneficio, respectivamente; en tanto que la velocidad de crecimiento se tuvo una heterosis de 0.39 g/día (3.9%) para Perú x Inti (genotipo Perú como vía paterna). Se concluye que el cruzamiento entre cuyes mejorados no produce niveles significativos de heterosis a nivel de los caracteres relacionados con la producción de carne.
Descripción radiológica de la osteología del mono tití de Goeldi (Callimico goeldii) mantenido en cautiverio
Authors: Grandez R. Ricardo , Rodríguez D. Paola , Hermoza G. Catalina
Published: June 2018

El estudio tuvo como objetivo describir radiológicamente la osteología del mono tití de Goeldi (Callimico goeldii). Se emplearon cinco individuos en estado de cautiverio, en aparente buen estado de salud, del Parque Zoológico Huachipa (Lima, Perú). Se les realizó un examen clínico previo para constatar el buen estado de salud. Los animales fueron anestesiados y posicionados en decúbito dorsal y lateral para la evaluación radiológica. Asimismo, se obtuvo vistas del esqueleto apendicular y se hizo un registro de distintos valores de exposición para determinar los valores óptimos de estos. Los resultados mostraron que los valores de exposición óptimos para obtener imágenes radiográficas en esta especie para cabeza y tórax-abdomen fueron en posición dorso ventral y lateral 50Kv, 20 mA, 0.03s y para las extremidades en vista medio lateral de 50 kV, 20 mA, 0.02 s. Se evidenció que la tibia y el peroné se encuentran fusionados en su tercio inferior y poseen una curvatura hacia distal, ancho máximo de la pelvis es a nivel de las eminencias iliopúbicas, y las proporciones de las cuatro extremidades de esta especie son menores a las proporciones de otros primates neotropicales. Del presente estudio se puede concluir que existen diferencias morfológicas a nivel de la pelvis y las extremidades posteriores con relación a otras especies de primates, posiblemente debidas al patrón de locomoción por saltos verticales en Callimico goeldii.
Caracterización de actinomicetos de sedimento marino y su actividad antagonista frente a Vibrio sp aislados de «langostino blanco» Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931)
Authors: Tarazona J. Ulrike , León Q. Jorge , Galindo C. Nadia , Vallejo Marisol , Marguet Emilio
Published: June 2018

El objetivo principal del presente estudio fue evaluar la actividad antagonista de una colección de 24 actinomicetos de sedimento marino frente a especies silvestres de Vibrio. Los actinomicetos fueron caracterizados por su crecimiento en Agar Marino y su actividad enzimática extracelular sobre diferentes sustratos. La actividad antagonista se evaluó mediante pruebas in vitro frente a seis cepas de Vibrio aisladas de Litopenaeus vannamei. Los actinomicetos de mayor antagonismo fueron evaluados por su crecimiento en medios estándares ISP y se hicieron observaciones de microfotografías por técnicas de microscopía electrónica de barrido (MEB). Las cepas de Vibrio fueron evaluadas e identificadas mediante técnicas bioquímicas convencionales y confirmadas por PCR. Los resultados indicaron que la totalidad de actinomicetos mostraron al menos alguna actividad multi-enzimática extracelular, predominando las que hidrolizan almidón (79%). Las pruebas de antagonismo señalaron que el 54% (13/24) de actinomicetos tuvieron actividad anti-Vibrio, siendo las cepas M10-77 y M11-116 (B) las que produjeron los halos de inhibición de mayor tamaño. Por otro lado, la identificación basada en secuencia del gen 16S ARNr corroboró la relación de las cepas aisladas de L. vannamei con el género Vibrio; asimismo, algunas de estas actinobacterias fueron identificadas como Streptomyces.
Alteraciones histopatológicas y microorganismos hallados en Rattus norvegicus infectadas con Angiostrongylus cantonensis
Authors: Solórzano Alava Luis , Narváez Yolanda , Sánchez Amador Francisco , Ortiz Julio
Published: June 2018

Las ratas (Rattus sp) son los hospederos definitivos del nematodo Angiostrongylus cantonensis. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los órganos afectados por la presencia de A. cantonensis (adultos) y el tipo de daño causado, así como establecer la presencia de microorganismos (bacterias y hongos) que podrían encontrarse en dichas lesiones. El estudio se realizó en 2014-2016 con 65 especímenes (60 infectadas en el laboratorio, que presentaron la larva L1 en sus deposiciones y 5 no infectadas como grupo control). Las muestras de tejido pulmonar y cardiaco fueron obtenidas en diferentes días pos-infección (dpi), teñidas con Gram y sembradas en agar sangre de caballo, agar MacConkey, medio Tioglicolato y, medio Cistina Tripteína Agar (CTA). Se observaron alteraciones macro y microscópicas en tejido pulmonar y cardiaco, así como microorganismos en lesiones pulmonares tanto en el Gram como en los cultivos bacteriológicos. Se observó tejido pulmonar endurecido, células polinucleares, pus, cambios de color en el pericardio y alteraciones en el peso de los órganos. En conclusión, las ratas infectadas con Angiostrongylus cantonensis presentaron diversas alteraciones histológicas en sus órganos internos, con relación al grupo control, así como bacterias que podrían complicar el cuadro clínico.
Eficacia antimicrobiana del aceite esencial de tomillo (Thymus vulgaris) sobre una cepa de Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Montero Recalde Mayra , Mira Juan Carlos , Avilés Esquivel Diana , Pazmiño Miranda Pilar , Erazo Gutiérrez Ramiro
Published: June 2018

El trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar la eficacia antimicrobiana in vitro del aceite esencial de tomillo (Thymus vulgaris) sobre Staphylococcus aureus. Se evaluaron concentraciones al 1, 5, 10, 30, 50, 70 y 90% en dilución en etanol al 96.8%. Se determinó la Concentración Mínima Inhibitoria mediante el método de microdilución en caldo. El inóculo bacteriano se estandarizó al 0.5 de la escala de MacFarland en espectofotómetro, teniendo como resultado que el tubo al 1% de aceite de tomillo no presentó turbidez. Este, al ser sembrado en agar Mueller-Hinton determinó la Concentración Bactericida Mínima donde no se observó crecimiento de colonias. Los resultados indican que los tratamientos al 5 y 10% no son significativamente diferentes (p<0.05) con valores de halos de inhibición de 15.35 mm y 15.9 mm, respectivamente, en comparación al 1% que presentó 12.2 mm de halo de inhibición.