bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Barriers to Condom Use Among Heterosexuals in Africa; the Niger Delta Case Study
Authors: Ebeh Dandison Nat , Inungu Joseph N , Akinmoladun Tunde M , Minelli Mark J
Published: January 2022

Introduction

The search for an effective response and solution to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) / acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) scourge continues to be of critical importance since the discovery of the first case in the United States in 1981. To date, in the absence of a known cure or vaccine, preventive and promotional measures remain a strategic measure to combating the menace.

Objectives

To identity barriers to condom use amongst heterosexuals in Africa, using the Niger Delta as a case study.

Methodology

This qualitative study was carried out using an online social media interactive medium. Ten experienced medical doctors from the Niger Delta subregion, recruited through a convenient snowballing technique, participated in the focus group discussion.

Results

Twelve elements were identified as barriers to condom use. They include poverty (worsened by environmental oil pollution), low and uneven distribution of knowledge and awareness, negative perception of condoms, impaired motivation, partner-related factors, lack of availability or access to a condom, religious factors, young age at first sexual debut affecting cognition to negotiate condom use, alcohol and substance use, intimate partner violence arising from gender inequality, cultural beliefs, social stigma, and accidental casual sex.

Conclusion

The findings of this study demonstrated the salient need for implementing a tailored health intervention program alongside the provision of public health measures. Awareness alone is not enough unless it translates into a behavioral change and control.
Ontogeny of the elemental composition and the biomechanics of radular teeth in the chiton Lepidochitona cinerea
Authors: Krings Wencke , BRÜTT JAN-OLE , GORB STANISLAV N.
Published: January 2022

Background

The radula, a chitinous membrane with embedded teeth, is one important molluscan autapomorphy. In some taxa (Polyplacophora and Patellogastropoda) one tooth type (the dominant lateral tooth) was studied intensively in the last decades with regard to its mechanical properties, chemical, and structural composition, and the relationship between these parameters. As the dominant lateral tooth is probably one of the best studied biological materials, it is surprising, that data on chemistry and mechanical properties of the other tooth types, present on a chiton radula, is lacking.
Results

We provide data on the elemental distribution and mechanical properties (hardness and elasticity, i.e. Young’s modulus) of all teeth from the Polyplacophora Lepidochitona cinerea (Linnaeus, 1767) [Chitonidae: Ischnochitonidae]. The ontogeny of elements, determined by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and of the mechanical properties, detected by nanoindentation, was studied for every single tooth type. Additionally, we performed breaking stress experiments with teeth under dry and wet condition, highlighting the high influence of the water content on the mechanical behaviour of the radula. We thereby could determine the forces and stresses, teeth can resist, which was previously not studied in representatives of Polyplacophora. Overall, we were able to relate the mineral (iron, calcium) content, the mechanical parameters, breaking force, and stress for each tooth type. This led to a better understanding of the relationship between structure, material, and function in radular teeth. Further, we aimed at determining the role of calcium for the mechanical behaviour of the teeth: we decalcified radulae by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and afterwards performed elemental analyses, breaking stress experiments and determined the mechanical properties. Among other things, we detected that wet and decalcified radular teeth could resist highest forces, since teeth have a higher range of bending motion leading to a higher capability of teeth to gain mechanical support from the adjacent tooth row.
Conclusion

We present novel data on the chemistry, mechanical properties, and the mechanical behaviour of chiton teeth, which allows conclusions about tooth function. We could also relate the parameters mentioned, which contributes to our understanding on the origins of mechanical property gradients and the processes reducing structural failure in radular teeth.
Linking employer branding and firm-level performance: The case of Azerbaijani firms registered on Glassdoor
Authors: Huseynova Aydan , Matošková Jana , Gregar Ales
Published: January 2022

In today’s competitive labor market, firms use employer branding strategies to engage their workforce for better performance. However, the current understanding of the role of employer branding in firm-level performance in the context of developing countries is very limited. This study aims to investigate the importance of employee retention and recruitment efficiency to strengthen the relationship between employer branding and firm-level performance. Data are collected from 316 Azerbaijani firms that are tagged by the Glassdoor and reviewed by former employees. Structural equation modeling is used to test the hypotheses. The results of the study show that employer branding can enhance firm-level performance through employee retention and recruitment efficiency. However, online employee reviews on the Glassdoor do not moderate the connection between employer branding and employee retention. Current employees feel motivated to continue working with those companies which show excellent employer strategies. Furthermore, a firm’s strategy to attract the best employee pool improves firm-level performance. It is also concluded that employees working in developing countries do not concern about online reviews on their employer, and prefer to continue working despite contrary thoughts.
Acknowledgment Author acknowledges the financial support provided by Internal Grant Agency (IGA/FaME/2019/008) of FaME through Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Czech Republic.
Research on intelligent prosthetic knee system
Authors: Deng Xinxin , Wang Zhiming
Published: January 2022

Knee joint is the most important and complex structure in human lower limbs. It is a nonlinear, time-varying and strong coupling system. In this paper, the mechanical structure of prosthetic knee joint is built, and parallel control of CMAC and PID algorithm is introduced to establish the knee joint control model. Through the simulation analysis, it is found that CMAC-PID control algorithm compared with the traditional PID control can improve the real-time and accuracy of the system. Therefore, CMAC-PID control algorithm can optimize the control effect of the prosthetic knee.
Impulsos desde abajo para las transiciones energéticas justas: género, territorio y soberanía
Authors: Vargas Guevara Óscar Santiago , Ruiz Arroyave Javier Omar , López Orellano Lorena Marcela , Padilla Guzmán Naryelis , Malz Nicolas , Corral Montoya Felipe Alberto , Bonilla Camargo Óscar Giovanni , Brito Bouriyu Laura Inés , Soto Sierra María Eusebia , Cardoso Díaz Andrea , Gómez Camargo Miguel Ángel , Guzmán Angulo Narlis , Ortiz Bouriyu Yaneth Patricia
Published: January 2022

En el discurso hegemónico sobre transición energética predomina, una comprensión tecnoeconómica, reduciéndola a un cambio tecnológico en la generación de energía por fuentes renovables y limpias, y priorizando la construcción de megaproyectos en energía solar, eólica o hidroeléctrica, sin abandonar la explotación de combustibles fósiles. Fuertes críticas se han alzado contra esta perspectiva, en particular desde los territorios más afectados por los proyectos minero-extractivos, en voces indígenas, afros y campesinas, quienes demandan una transformación sustancial surgida desde y para lo local. En el marco de un proceso de investigación participativa y diálogo de saberes con cuatro comunidades rurales y étnicas en regiones carboníferas de los departamentos de La Guajira, Cesar y Boyacá, esta obra profundiza sobre estas demandas desde tres perspectivas interrelacionadas: (1) género, (2) territorio y (3) soberanía comunitaria. A partir de estos ejes de discusión, se identifican diversos impulsos desde las bases para construir transiciones energéticas más allá de los combustibles fósiles en Colombia. De estos, se diferencian tres tipos de muchos: (1) transiciones minero-extractivas, (2) democratización energética y (3) transiciones amplias y justas.
Evaluation of the prophylactic action of veterinary dental gel containing Aloe vera and green tea on calculus formation in dogs submitted to periodontal treatment
Authors: Gualberto Nina Gabriela Silva , Andrade Lorena Priscila Oliveira , Andrade Camila Fernanda Oliveira , Ambrósio Paulo Eduardo , Wenceslau Amauri Arias , Silva Elisângela Barboza da , Lavor Mário Sérgio Lima de , Carlos Renata Santiago Alberto
Published: January 2022

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of veterinary dental gel containing Aloe vera and green tea, with and without a water additive in preventing calculus formation in dogs after all animals were initially submitted to periodontal treatment. The preventive treatment was performed on 72 dogs, which 24 received treatment with the veterinary dental gel (G1), 24 received treatment with the gel associated with a water additive (G2), and 24 dogs did not receive any treatment (G3). The animals also were subdivided into three groups according to their diet. The gel was applied directly to the dogs’ teeth and 500 ml of the additive was added to the water, three times a week. The animals’ teeth were photographed every 30 days to observe the time of new deposition of dental calculus. The images were analyzed by MATLAB. The dogs in G1 showed average of new accumulation of dental calculus of 254.8 days, those in G2 also showed an average return of 258.6 days, and G3 showed an average return of 156.7 days. There was a statistical difference between G1 - G3 (p-value = 0,000007885) and G2 - G3 (p-value = 0,00004568). There was no statistical difference between the different food groups. We concluded that the gel used in this study, associated or not with the water additive, was effective in helping to maintain the dental health of the animals for a prolonged period after the surgical procedure to prevent the calculus return.
Ultrasonographic findings in dogs diagnosed with hyperadrenocorticism – retrospective study (2013 to 2020)
Authors: Bueno Evelly Lopes , Rossetto Victor José Vieira , Romão Felipe Gazza
Published: January 2022

Hyperadrenocorticism is a relatively common endocrinopathy in middle-aged and older dogs, which has become increasingly frequent in the clinical routine. The diagnosis is made by information obtained by history, physical exam findings and results of screening and specific endocrine tests. In addition to laboratory tests, imaging diagnosis, such as ultrasound, can aid on evaluation of possible changes in these cases; also, they may reveal the possible involvement of other organs and systems. The aim of this study was to present the main ultrasonographic changes observed in 18 dogs with hyperadrenocorticism, diagnosed from 2013 to 2020 by the low-dose dexamethasone suppression test, among which hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, gallbladder sludge, renal changes, cystitis and changes in adrenal size, such as bilateral and/or unilateral adrenomegaly, can be cited. Ultrasound examination, therefore, is an examination that can help the clinician in confirming the diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism, in addition to allowing differentiation between pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH) and adrenal tumors, and the evaluation of possible secondary changes to the disease.
Process Development for the Production and Purification of PEGylated
RhG-CSF Expressed in Escherichia coli
Authors: Mohammadi Zeinab , Alijanianzadeh Mahdi , Khalilzadeh Rassoul , Khodadadi Sirus
Published: January 2022

Background and objective:

Recombinant human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) and its PEGylated form (PEG-GCSF) are used in the cancer therapy. Thus the development of a more cost-effectively method for expressing rhG-CSF and the PEGylation optimization of rhG-CSF by reaction engineering and subsequent the purification strategy is necessary.

Methods:

RhG-CSF expression in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) was carried out by auto-induction batch fermentation and improved for maximizing rhG-CSF productivity. After that, purified rhG-CSF was PEGylated using methoxy polyethylene glycol propionaldehydes (mPEG20-ALD). The various conditions effect of extraction and purification of rhG-CSF and PEG-GCSF were assayed.

Results:

The assessment results revealed that auto-induction batch cultivation strategy had maximum productivity and rhG-CSF purity was more than 99%. The obtained Data of rhG-CSF PEGylation displayed that the optimized conditions of rhG-CSF PEGylation and purification enhanced hemogenisity PEG-GCSF and managed reaction toward optimal yield of PEG-GCSF (70%) and purity of 99.9%. Findings from FTIR, CD, and fluorescence spectroscopy and bioassay revealed that PEGylation was executed exactly in the rhG-CSF N-terminus, and products maintained their conformation properties.

Conclusion:

Overall, the developed approach expanded strategies for high yield rhG-CSF by simplified auto-induction batch fermentation system and rhG-CSF PEGylation, which are simple and time-saving, economical and high efficiency.
SLC17A2 Expression Correlates with Prognosis and Immune Infiltrates in
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Jiang Zheng , Wang Zhijian , Chen Xuenuo
Published: January 2022

Background:

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant
tumors with a dismal prognosis, according to updated statistics. The solute carrier family 17 member
2 (SLC17A2) has not been studied in liver cancer. Therefore, we evaluated the role of
SLC17A2 in HCC by bioinformatics analysis.

Objective:

The objective of the study was to explore the value of SLC17A2 in the prognosis and
diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Method:

The expression level of SLC17A2 in HCC and the clinicopathological data were analyzed
based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases and
validated by immunohistochemical staining. In addition, the Kaplan–Meier plotter database and receiver
operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were used to explore the prognostic and diagnostic
significance. Some online databases were used to analyze the relationship between immune
cell infiltration and analyze the relationship between immune cell infiltration and SLC17A2 in
HCC.

Results:

Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that SLC17A2 expression was low in HCC
(P < 0.05) and closely related to the clinical stage of HCC. In addition, SLC17A2 had a certain diagnostic
value in HCC according to ROC curve analysis. Further biological analyses showed that
SLC17A2 can regulate fatty acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism and cytochrome P450-
related metabolism. Notably, we found that SLC17A2 expression was closely correlated with the
infiltration of most immune cells in HCC.

Conclusion:

SLC17A2 expression is low in HCC and correlates with immune infiltration, so it
may serve as an independent prognostic factor for HCC.
Relationship between Experience of Antepartum Intervention and Posttraumatic
Stress Symptoms Following Childbirth: A Prospective Study
Authors: Abdollahpour Sedigheh , Larki Mona , Rajabi Najme , Azmoude Elham
Published: January 2022

Background:

Childbirth is an important event in a woman’s life. Adverse childbirth experiences
may lead to negative psychological reactions and disturb the mother’s mental health during
the postpartum period.

Objective:

This prospective study aimed to assess the relationship between experiences of antepartum
intervention and post-traumatic stress symptoms in mothers following childbirth.

Methods:

The study sample comprised 176 Iranian women, who were under assessment for 8 weeks
postpartum. Current Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder symptoms (PTSD) were assessed through the
Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R) questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS software
(Version 19.0), and the adjusted odds ratios (ODs) were estimated by binary logistic regression.

Results:

Based on the obtained results, 38.3% (N = 62) of the women appeared to be at risk of developing
PTSD symptoms. The mean ± SD score of PTSD symptoms was obtained at 22.51 ± 12.04
(0-65). The results showed that women in the PTSD group underwent more obstetric interventions
(P = 0.002) and experienced more childbirth pain (P = 0.048), compared to women without PTSD,
during childbirth. Insertion of sublingual or vaginal prostaglandin tablets, experiencing episiotomy
incision, perineal/labial/vaginal sutures, and artificial rupture of amniotic membranes correlated significantly
with PTSD symptoms (P < 0.05). The results of binary logistic regression analysis confirmed
that the rate of obstetric interventions was the significant predictor of PTSD after childbirth
(OD = 1.284; P = 0.008).

Conclusion:

The findings of the present study indicate that the enhanced understanding of
healthcare providers of obstetric intervention consequences may prevent postpartum PTSD through
the provision of physiological delivery and supportive care during labor.
An Updated Review of the Contribution of Noncoding RNAs to the Progression of Gastric Cancer Stem Cells: Molecular Mechanisms of Viability, Invasion, and Chemoresistance of Gastric Cancer Stem Cells
Authors: Safaralizadeh Reza , Dastmalchi Narges , Teimourian Shahram
Published: January 2022

Gastric cancer (GC) is the leading cause of death and cancer mortality in the world, with poor survival for cases with higher stages of GC. During the past decade, GC stem cells (GCSCs), a group of cancer cells, have been the focus of significant research on cancer. GCSCs have the capability of selfrenewal and are identified to participate in GC development, invasion, chemoresistance, and tumor relapse. Research projects have indicated the main activities of noncoding RNAs in cellular pathways. Micro (mi)RNAs and lncRNAs play important functions in the modulation of different cellular pathways in the post-transcriptional form through their dysregulated expression in several cancers, including GC. In this paper, we highlight the impact of dysregulated expression of micro- and lncRNAs and their downstream transcripts on GCSCs. Data collection on the progression of GCSCs may be beneficial for the introduction of new insights to the GC treatment.
Vaginal States: Detection of Conversion Processes in Women Using Contraception
and Characterization of Vaginal Lactobacillus Species
Authors: María Fosch Sonia Elena , Trossero Marta Lucia , Grosso Omar Agustin , Reyes Ana Paula , Cocucci Silvina Ema , Payalef Sandra Noemí , Perazzi Beatriz Elizabeth
Published: January 2022

Background:

The vaginal microenvironment, regulated by an immune system, can be protected
or altered by many factors, including contraceptive methods.

Objective:

The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of contraceptive methods on the basic
vaginal states (BVSs) and to identify culturable vaginal Lactobacillus species.

Methods:

This is a prospective, consecutive, longitudinal, and descriptive study. The vaginal contents
of 208 women were sampled prior to initiating contraception and six months later. The BVSs were
established using the balance of vaginal content (BAVACO) methodology that evaluates microbiota
and vaginal inflammatory reaction (VIR). Lactobacillus species were characterized by biochemical
tests and mass spectrometry. The following contraceptive methods were evaluated: combined oral
contraceptive pill (COCP), condom (CON) and rhythm method (RHYT). McNemar's test was used.

Results:

Of the 208 women, 171 attended both examinations. In the COCP group (n=127), 83 vaginal
contents maintained a normal microbiota, 1 sample became dysbiotic, and 37/43 dysbiotic microbiota
samples reverted to normal (p<0.0001). A conversion to BVS with VIR was detected in the CON
group (n=31) (p=0.001). The RHYT group (n=13) maintained its initial BVSs. The predominant Lactobacillus
species found were L. crispatus and L. gasseri, with a trend toward a positive association
between L. crispatus and COCP (OR=2.82; p=0.058).

Conclusion:

Hormone administration corrected the dysbiosis and preserved a normal BVS. The CON
increased the VIR. The protection of the microbiota observed in the rhythm method probably responds
to a systemic hormonal influence. The trend toward a positive association between COCP and L. crispatus,
with its protective properties, evidenced an effective hormonal relationship.
A Categorical Review on First Order Universal Filters
Authors: Chhabra Jitender , Chaturvedi Bhartendu , Mohan Jitendra
Published: January 2022

This paper highlights the notable individual contributions of the researchers in the field
of first-order universal filters, and additionally, segregates the reviewed works amongst various
scientifically chosen categories. Relevant first-order universal filter circuits reported in the last two
decades are chosen for the review. The segregation categories are based on the well-recognized
signal processing features, such as the mode of operation, number of active and passive elements,
grounded nature of the passive components, simultaneous availability of the outputs, and the provision
for resistorless realization. These works are also analyzed for various other performance enhancing
attributes, like support for cascadability, transistor count, load insensitivity, matching constraints,
etc. Moreover, exhaustive observations regarding existing works are also included individually
in tabular form to mainly emphasize newness, uniqueness and downsides of reported ideas,
which further enrich the quality of the review paper.
Diazo-coupling Reaction Between 2-Aminothiazole and Thymol;
Synthesis, DFT Studies, and Specific Heat Capacity Calculations
Using TGA-DSC
Authors: Gupta Gaurav R. , Waghulde Govinda P. , Sarode Chandrakant H. , Yeole Sachin D.
Published: January 2022

Aims:

This study aimed at determining the synthesis, DFT studies, and specific
heat capacity (Cp) of azo dyes composed of derivatives of 2-aminothiazole and thymol.

Background:

To date, azo dyes have transitioned from the science of molecules to the science
of materials very elegantly. 2-aminothiazole and thymol have a wide biological application
window. Therefore, attempts have been made to couple these two biologically important
organic frameworks via a diazotization strategy.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to explore thymol as a coupling partner for the
synthesis of azo dyes via a diazotization strategy. Furthermore, the structures of the synthesized
azo dyes have been confirmed using DFT calculations. In addition, thermal profiles
(TGA-DSC) have been explored elegantly to calculate specific heat capacity (Cp) as a function
of temperature for the synthesized azo dyes.

Methods:

A unit operation, i.e., diazotization, has been tuned very aptly for the formation of
azodye framework based on 2-aminothymol and thymol. Thereafter, the thermal stability of
the synthesized azo dyes has been addressed using TGA-DSC. Moreover, the Density Functional
Theory has also been used to confirm vibrational frequencies of the synthesized azo dyes.

Results:

In the present work, the effect of electronic parameters on the melting temperature
of the corresponding azo dyes has been comprehended with the help of DSC analysis. Specific
heat capacity data as a function of temperature for the synthesized dyes have been reported
for the first time.

Conclusion:

Melting behavior of the synthesized azo dyes is determined based on electronic
effects with the help of thermal analysis. The specific heat capacity data can be helpful for
the chemists, those engaged in chemical modelling, as well as for further docking studies.
The structures of these synthesized azo dyes have been confirmed by performing DFT calculations,
and to our delight, the comparison of both the experimental and calculated vibrational
frequency data is found in good agreement with each other.
Recent Updates on Ayurveda based Phytoconstitutents for the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Kaushik Aditi , Kaushik Manish
Published: January 2022

Diabetes mellitus is a ubiquitous metabolic syndrome with increased rates of mortality from the past few decades. It is a biochemical disorder with a complex pathophysiology and has disturbed glucose homeostasis maintained by the insulin hormone. The current medications for diabetes mellitus have serious adverse effects after long treatments. Thus, Ayurveda based phytoconstitutents are a new and well-accepted path for the possible discovery of newer drugs for the better management of diabetes and associated complications. The plant phytoconstitutents are more affordable and clinically effective with less adverse effects than the modern allophatic medications. The literature has shown the efficacy and clinical safety of the traditional medicine system. These natural products act by inhibiting alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase enzymes, some act by regulating the insulin secretion and activation of PRARγ pathway for maintaining glucose concentration. These natural treatments were found to be remarkably potent and safe as no adverse effects have been clinically outlined during medical therapy. This review briefly describes the various secondary plant metabolites, their structures and proposed mechanism of action for treating diabetes mellitus and associated complications.
An Overview of Glycine Transporter Subtype 1 Inhibitors Under Preclinical and Clinical Evaluation for the Treatment of Alcohol Abuse
Authors: Harsing Laszlo G. , Harhai Marcell
Published: January 2022

Being a historical issue that withstands multiple societal control measures, alcohol abuse remains a major healthcare problem. Despite worldwide efforts to limit consumption and educate people about its effects, consumption rates remain unchanged. Alcohol abuse arises from chronic alcohol exposure-caused permanent synaptic plasticity changes in the brain. These manifest in life-threatening withdrawal symptoms and drive relapse even after detoxification and treatment. Since ethanol has multiple targets in the human brain, it warrants a multiapproach therapy; here we introduce the potential therapeutic effects of glycine transporter subtype 1 inhibitors. We have listed the various glycine transporter 1 inhibitors used in studies of alcoholism and how they influenced glycine release from rat hippocampus was demonstrated in a preliminary study. Glycine transporters modulate both glutamatergic and glycinergic pathways: (i) glutamatergic neurotransmission plays an important role in the development of chronic changes in alcoholism as daily alcohol administration was shown to increase N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor activity long-term, and (ii) ethanol has access to the dopaminergic reward system via glycine receptors, being an allosteric modulator of glycine receptors. This manuscript summarises the progress and development of glycine transporter 1 inhibitors, characterizing them by their mode of action, adverse effects, and discusses their clinical applicability. Furthermore, we highlight the progress in the latest clinical trials, outline currently applied treatment methods, and offer suggestions for implementing glycine transporter 1 inhibitors into the long-term treatment of alcohol abuse.
Transdermal Anti-inflammatory Delivery for Solid Lipid Nanoparticles of
Ketoprofen by Microwave-assisted Microemulsion
Authors: Jagdale Swati C. , Bafna Manisha S. , Chabukswar Anuruddha R.
Published: January 2022

Aims:

To prepare solid lipid nanopaticles (SLNs) of Ketoprofen (KP) using microwave
method. Ketoprofen (KP) is 2-(3-benzolphenyl) propionic acid with anti-inflammatory, analgesic
and antipyretic property. The drug has a short half-life of 120 mins. It belongs to BCS Class II
drug. Gastric irritation is a major limitation for delivery because of acidic nature of the drug. The
development of solid lipid nanoparticles with its transdermal drug delivery was the aim of the present
work.

Methods:

Microwave-assisted microemulsion technique was used for the development of solid
lipid nanoparticles. Stearic acid was used as lipid and tween 80 was used as a surfactant. By varying
the type of lipid and input energy watt, batches were formulated. SLNs were evaluated for zeta
potential, drug entrapment, particle size and in-vitro drug release. Crystallinity behaviour was determined
by differential scanning calorimetry and powder X-ray diffraction. Anti-inflammatory activity
was evaluated for batch M4 of SLNs. The gel was prepared for M4 batch. It was evaluated for
viscosity, pH, drug content, in-vitro and ex-vivo diffusion study.

Results:

SLNs were developed successfully. Based on the size, entrapment efficiency, stability and
drug release, batch M4 was selected. SLNs showed 74.8% entrapment efficiency. Forty-fold improvement
was observed in the solubility. The particle size was 682.9 nm and average size 1047
nm. PDI was 0.685 and zeta potential was -29.5 mV. M4 SLNs batch of gel showed burst release
followed by a controlled release for 8 hrs in in-vitro drug release.

Conclusion:

SLNs were successfully prepared by Microwave-assisted microemulsion technique.
SLNs with anti-inflammatory activity were successfully developed with their transdermal delivery.
Constraint and Strategies Element for Increasing Effectiveness Village Fund Management Based Interpretive Structural Modelling
Authors: Masbiran Vivi Ukhwatul Khasanah , Murliasari Rika , Afriyanni Afriyanni , Wulandari Sekar Nur
Published: January 2022

This study aims to identify, map, and determine the critical elements of Village Fund management's constraints, needs, and actors using the Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM) method. ISM is a modeling technique that explains the contextual relationship between elements based on expert opinion to provide a concrete picture of something in a visual map. The results of the study indicate that there are eleven elements of village funds management constraints. In addition, there are seven elements needed to improve the effectiveness of village funds management and eight aspects of DD management actors. Furthermore, based on the ISM analysis results, the main component of managing village funds is limited human resources. In addition, the results obtained that the main determining actors in increasing the effectiveness of village funds management are the Village Government and the Community Empowerment Service. Meanwhile, the critical strategy to improve the effectiveness of Village Fund management is strengthening regulations and policies and strengthening human resource capacity through training and mentoring. This study recommends improving regulations, especially synchronizing the management of village funds starting from the planning and accountability stages, starting from the central government to village governments to implement a strategy to strengthen regulations. Meanwhile, the synergy between the government, the private sector, village communities, and universities increases competence through training and managing village funds.
Особенности люминесценции объемных кристаллов β-(Ga-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-Al-=SUB=-1-x-=/SUB=-)-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-
Authors: Дементьева Е.В. , Дементьев П.А. , Коренко Н.П. , Шкарупа И.И. , Кремлева А.В. , Панов Д.Ю. , Спиридонов В.А. , Заморянская М.В. , Бауман Д.А. , Одноблюдов М.А. , Романов А.Е. , Бугров В.Е.
Published: January 2022

Работа посвящена исследованиям природы неоднородности люминесценции объемных образцов (GaxAl1-x)2O3, выращенных методом Чохральского. При исследовании сколов образцов методом локальной катодолюминесценции наблюдались области с различной люминесценцией. Для определения природы катодолюминесцентного контраста были проведены исследования однородности распределения алюминия, топографии поверхности, сравнение спектров люминесценции и кинетики полос излучения для различных областей образца. Также для определения природы полос люминесценции был проведен отжиг кристалла на воздухе при 1000oC. Это позволило наблюдать изменение люминесценции для того же участка образца. На основании проведенных исследований был сделан вывод о том, что неоднородная люминесценция связана с распределением точечных дефектов. При отжиге на воздухе наблюдалась трансформация центров безызлучательной рекомбинации в люминесцентные центры. Ключевые слова: оксид галлия, люминесценция, точечные дефекты.
Переход от экспоненциального к линейному возрастанию плотности энергии спектральной компоненты пикосекундного стимулированного излучения GaAs при насыщении усиления
Authors: Агеева Н.Н. , Броневой И.Л. , Забегаев Д.Н. , Кривоносов А.Н.
Published: January 2022

В начале мощной оптической пикосекундной накачки слоя GaAs гетероструктуры AlxGa1-xAs-GaAs-AlxGa1-xAs в нем возникает стимулированное пикосекундное излучение. Возрастание со временем плотности энергии каждой спектральной компоненты излучения в ее активной среде происходит экспоненциально до насыщения усиления, далее возрастание линейное. В настоящей работе экспериментально определено, в зависимости от каких параметров спектральной компоненты излучения и по какому закону меняется: (а) время (отсчитываемое от начала стимулированного излучения), через которое происходит переход от экспоненциального возрастания к линейному; (б) плотность энергии компоненты в "момент" перехода; (в) коэффициент усиления на этапе линейного возрастания плотности энергии. В Заключении суммируются явления при насыщении усиления, обнаруженные в наших работах. Ключевые слова: стимулированное пикосекундное излучение, арсенид галлия, спектральные компоненты излучения, характерное время релаксации излучения, насыщение усиления, энергетический транспорт носителей заряда, скорость вынужденной рекомбинации.
Структура и свойства двухфазных слоев Cd-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-Pb-=SUB=-1-x-=/SUB=-S/CdS, полученных химическим осаждением из этилендиамин-цитратной системы
Authors: Селянина А.Д. , Маскаева Л.Н. , Воронин В.И. , Селянин И.О. , Анохина И.А. , Марков В.Ф.
Published: January 2022

Polycrystalline films of CdxPb1−xS (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.05) substitutional solid solutions with a cubic structure B1 (Fm3 ̅m space group) containing amorphous cadmium sulfide were obtained by chemical bath deposition. Upon reaching a critical concentration of the cadmium salt in the reactor, the films consisted of substitutional solid solution and cubic CdS with the B3 structure (F43 ̅m space group). Scanning electron microscopy established the morphological features associated with the secondary nucleation and formation of the cadmium sulfide phase. The structural characteristics of the films have been calculated by a full-profile analysis of X-ray diffraction patterns. We have revealed the correlation between phase and elemental composition of CdxPb1−xS/CdS films with their voltage and current photosensitivity. Based on the received data, we have assumed the role of the individual CdS phase for the photoconductivity mechanism of CdxPb1−xS solid solutions.
Механизмы токопереноса в полупроводниковой структуре с пленкой пористого кремния, сформированной металл-стимулированным травлением
Authors: Мельник Н.Н. , Трегулов В.В. , Литвинов В.Г. , Ермачихин А.В. , Трусов Е.П. , Скопцова Г.Н. , Иванов А.И.
Published: January 2022

It is shown that during a porous Si film formation by metal-stimulated etching a barrier layer is formed on a monocrystal p-Si substrate. The rectifying properties of the semiconductor structure can be explained by the fixation of the Fermi level in the near-surface layer of porous Si due to a high concentration of electrically active defects (deep centers or traps). It causes to energy bands bending and the appearance of a potential barrier. The study of Raman scattering showed the absence of size effects and a change in the band gap in the porous Si film. Activation energies of deep centers by the temperature dependence of the current-voltage characteristics and deep level transient spectroscopy study were determined.
Сравнительное исследование фотоэлементов на основе кремния, легированного никелем различными методами
Authors: Исмайлов К.А. , Зикриллаев Н.Ф. , Ковешников С.В. , Косбергенов Е.Ж.
Published: January 2022

In this work, the parameters of silicon-based photocells doped with impurity nickel atoms by diffusion methods and during growth were compared. It was found that photocells doped with impurity nickel atoms during silicon growth have an improvement in parameters comparable to that obtained by the diffusion doping method. Additional heat treatment at T = 800 °C makes it possible to significantly improve their basic parameters.
Клініко-анатомічна характеристика постраждалих із переломами таза внаслідок ДТП
Authors: Guryev S.O. , Maksymenko M.A.
Published: January 2022

Дана стаття розкриває проблему травми тазової ділянки як важливого компонента багатокомпонентної полісистемної травми в аспекті аналізу впливу типу перелому кісток таза на перебіг травматичної хвороби.
Хирургическое лечение посттравматических укорочений бедра, осложненных стойкими разгибательными контрактурами коленного сустава
Authors: Kutsenko S.N. , Nikiforov R.R. , Mityunin D.A. , Xu Lei
Published: January 2022

Нами предложен новый способ лечения посттравматических укорочений бедра, осложненных стойкими разгибательными контрактурами коленного сустава. Суть способа заключается в том, что применяемый для восстановления длины конечностей полностью имплантируемый аппарат Блискунова позволяет выполнить удлинение бедра на величину, превышающую укорочение на 2–3 см, после чего производят одномоментное сближение костных отломков на заданную величину. Таким образом, достигается перерастяжение сухожильно-мышечного аппарата относительно бедренной кости, что позволяет увеличить амплитуду движений в коленном суставе на 10–15°.
Особенности и основные принципы хирургического лечения врожденных синдактилий пальцев кисти
Authors: Borzykh A.V. , Shakalov Yu.B. , Trufanov I.M. , Pogorilyak A.I. , Pasternak V.V.
Published: January 2022

Лечение врожденных деформаций кисти является одной из актуальных проблем современной ортопедии. Под нашим наблюдением находилось 148 детей, которым было произведено 346 операций на 175 кистях в разные временные промежутки. В зависимости от формы синдактилии больным требовалось от 1 при простых формах до 5 оперативных вмешательств при сложных формах. Оперативные вмешательства разделили на группы с индивидуальными подходами к лечению: 1. Вмешательства, направленные на более раннее устранение синдактилии с одномоментной коррекцией сопутствующих деформаций. 2. Операции, направленные на улучшение косметического состояния разделенных пальцев. 3. Вмешательства для улучшения функции кисти в целом и профилактики рубцовых деформаций. Восстановительное лечение включало три периода, во время которых выполняли массаж конечности, лечебную физкультуру с комплексом упражнений, разработанных индивидуально по периодам. Самые лучшие исходы лечения получены у пациентов с простыми формами синдактилии. При анализе исходов лечения на 175 кистях отличные результаты были получены в 109 случаях (62,3 %), хорошие — в 62 (35,4 %), удовлетворительные — в 4 (2,3 %). Неудовлетворительных результатов по всем видам оценки не наблюдали.
Комплексное лечение переломов большеберцовой кости с использованием блокируемых фиксаторов Блискунова у пациентов с расстройствами репаративного остеогенезаКомплексное лечение переломов большеберцовой кости с использованием блокируемых фиксаторов Блискуно
Authors: Kutsenko S.N. , Mityunin D.A. , Nikiforov R.R.
Published: January 2022

В работе приведены данные анализа лечения переломов, ложных суставов и несросшихся переломов большеберцовой кости с применением блокирующих фиксаторов Блискунова. Под наблюдением находились 96 пациентов. Отмечено, что использование заблокированных фиксаторов Блискунова при переломах костей голени и их последствиях позволило достичь хороших результатов лечения. Комплексный подход к проблеме нарушений процессов регенерации костной ткани значительно увеличивает процент позитивных результатов лечения.
Лікування остеопорозу у контексті профілактики переломів: впровадження даних доказової медицини в клінічну практику. У ракурсі — ібандронова кислота
Authors: Golovach I.Yu.
Published: January 2022

У статті наведені узагальнюючі дані про ефективність бісфосфонатів у лікуванні остеопорозу. Натепер бісфосфонати зараховуються до найбільш потужних модуляторів кісткового метаболізму і є золотим стандартом у лікуванні й профілактиці остеопорозу. Доказова медицина висуває чимало вимог до препаратів для лікування остеопорозу. Насамперед вони повинні вірогідно попереджати виникнення вертебральних і невертебральних переломів кісток. Ці препарати повинні позитивно впливати на кістковий метаболізм і збільшувати приріст мінеральної щільності кістки. Важливою є тривалість дослідження прийому бісфосфонатів. Доказову силу мають дослідження, тривалість яких перевищувала 3–5 років. У статті проаналізовані результати рандомізованих клінічних досліджень ібандронової кислоти з позиції попередження вертебральних і невертебральних переломів кісток. Так, у рандомізованому клінічному дослідженні BONE продемонстрована здатність ібандронату знижувати ризик виникнення переломів хребта на 62 %. Ібандронат у численних клінічних дослідженнях виявив високу ефективність у попередженні переломів кісток, підвищенні мінеральної щільності кісток поперекового відділу хребта й стегнової кістки. Препарат має гарний профіль безпеки, а також високу прихильність пацієнтів до тривалого лікування завдяки таблетованій формі 150 мг, яку необхідно приймати 1 раз на місяць.
Анатомія та біомеханіка кистьового суглоба
Authors: Zazirny I.M. , Vasilenko A.V.
Published: January 2022

У статті подаються узагальнені дані анатомічної структури та біомеханіки кистьового суглоба, які необхідно враховувати при виборі тактики лікування пошкоджень дистального епіметафізу кісток передпліччя.
Локальная терапия в комплексном лечении пациентов старших возрастных групп с болью в нижней части спины
Authors: Makogonchuk A.V.
Published: January 2022

Одним из главных клинических проявлений остеохондроза позвоночника, которое ухудшает функциональные возможности пациента и качество его жизни, является болевой синдром. Применение кетопрофена в виде геля (Фастум гель) в составе комплексного лечения боли в нижней части спины у пациентов старших возрастных групп приводит к уменьшению выраженности болевого синдрома, улучшению функциональных возможностей позвоночника и связанному с этим повышению уровня жизнедеятельности пациентов. Длительное применение локальной терапии в виде противовоспалительных гелей, в частности 2,5% кетопрофена, позволяет эффективно лечить болевой синдром без использования физиотерапевтических методов лечения, которые часто противопоказаны у значительного числа пациентов пожилого возраста, и без риска возникновения осложнений, связанных с системным применением нестероидных противовоспалительных препаратов.
Лікування посттравматичних порушень репаративної регенерації переломів кісток у дітей
Authors: Kaminska M.O. , Digtyar V.A. , Harytonyuk L.M. , Sadovenko O.G
Published: January 2022

Проведено порівняльний аналіз лікування порушень репаративної регенерації кісткових уламків при переломах у двох групах (контрольній — 42 хворі та основній — 64 хворі), який показав, що застосування розробленого способу стимуляції консолідації кісткових уламків позитивно впливає на процес регенерації та створює оптимальні умови для загоєння перелому. Використання розробленого нами способу стимуляції консолідації кісткових уламків при переломах дозволяє отримати добрі і задовільні результати у 95,31 % випадків.
Анализ напряженно-деформированного состояния дистального отдела голени и стопы при повреждениях pilon в условиях наружной фиксации при помощи стержневых аппаратов
Authors: Stoyko I.V. , Bats V.G. , Karpinsky М.Yu. , Bats I.G.
Published: January 2022

Цель исследования — выявить возможности применения стержневых устройств для внеочагового остеосинтеза при повреждениях pilon и установить наиболее подходящие конструкции для данной локализации повреждений. Для этого в условиях лаборатории биомеханики ГУ «Институт патологии позвоночника и суставов им. проф. М.И. Ситенко АМН Украины» использован анализ напряженно-деформированного состояния дистального отдела голени и голеностопного сустава в норме и в условиях внеочаговой фиксации разными типами стержневых аппаратов при переломах pilon. Анализ проведен методом конечных элементов, который дает возможность в полной мере учитывать геометрические и физические особенности конструкций, а также предоставить полную картину нагрузки, провести объективное сравнение методов и устройств для фиксации переломов, оценить их преимущества и недостатки.Исследование проведено на объемной трехмерной модели дистального отдела голени и голеностопного сустава с применением трехмерной конечно-элементной модели. Расчеты проведены с применением расчетной программы BioCаd и программы визуализации расчетов Looker.В результате определены наиболее нагруженные участки исследуемой анатомической зоны в норме и распределение нагрузок в условиях внеочаговой фиксации при переломах pilon. Дказано, что применение стержневых односторонних устройств при переломах pilon в принципе возможно, так как обеспечивает разгрузку поврежденной анатомической зоны в условиях осевых нагрузок в границах половины массы тела человека, выделены конструкции фиксаторов, которым следует отдавать предпочтение.
Эффективность топического такролимуса в комплексном лечении келоидов
Authors: Borzykh Yu.A.
Published: January 2022

В статье представлены результаты комплексного лечения патологических рубцов путем применения топических ингибиторов кальциневрина — такролимуса. В исследование вошли 25 пациентов в возрасте от 18 до 35 лет с посттравматическими и послеоперационными келоидными рубцами. Разработанный метод позволяет улучшить результаты лечения патологических рубцов, а также предотвратить появление келоидов после плановых и ургентных хирургических вмешательств.
Оперативне лікування дисплазії кульшових суглобів у дітей залежно від особливостей формування кульшових суглобів та їх скелетної зрілості
Authors: Moroz D.M.
Published: January 2022

У роботі проведено аналіз оперативного лікування 74 диспластичних кульшових суглобів у дітей віком від 2 до 11 років залежно від ступеня недорозвитку суглобових елементів. Проведено визначення та порівняння скелетної зрілості 70 кульшових суглобів за оригінальною оксфордською методикою при дисплазії та в нормі. Визначена тактика оперативного лікування залежно від типу дисплазії та скелетної зрілості кульшових суглобів у дітей.
Оценка состояния вертлужной впадины при асептическом некрозе головки бедренной кости по данным рентгенморфометрических исследований
Authors: Loskutov A.Ye. , Oleynik A.Ye. , Altanets A.V.
Published: January 2022

В данной работе был проведен сравнительный рентгенморфометрический анализ формирования деформации вертлужной впадины при асептическом некрозе головки бедренной кости (АНГБК) для определения критериев, обусловливающих выбор конструкции ацетабулярного компонента эндопротеза. Проведен анализ рентгенограмм 339 тазобедренных суставов больных АНГБК, выполненных в прямой проекции. Рентгенограммы были разделены на 3 группы в зависимости от стадии процесса: II стадия — 18 рентгенограмм, III стадия — 116, IV стадия — 205. При анализе состояния вертлужной впадины оценивали следующие показатели: коэффициент сферичности вертлужной впадины α (α = r/d, где r — радиус вертлужной впадины (ВВ), d — диаметр ВВ), коэффициент пропорциональности β (β = n/r, где n — толщина дна ВВ), коэффициент соответствия γ (γ = h/r, где h — высота «шапки Наполеона»). Были выявлены следующие тенденции: при ранних стадиях АНГБК (II–III ст.) структурность и форма ВВ значительно не отличаются от нормальных показателей, но определяются начальные признаки деструкции при III ст. При IV стадии четко прослеживается снижение высоты надвертлужной зоны, в 18 % — деструкция верхних отделов ВВ, в 16,4 % — протрузионные изменения дна ВВ, а также другие деструктивные процессы ВВ. Это обусловливает необходимость индивидуального подхода к выбору типа ацетабулярного компонента эндопротеза на основе анализа рентгенморфометрических критериев вертлужной впадины.