bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Lynching and Rebirth of Ned Buntline: Rogue Authorship during the American Literary Renaissance
Authors: Metzler Sawin Mark
Published: November 2019

Though largely unknown today, “Ned Buntline” (Edward Zane Carroll Judson) was one of the most influential authors of 19th-century America. He published over 170 novels, edited multiple popular and political publications, and helped pioneer the seafaring adventure, city mystery and Western genres. It was his pirate tales that Tom Sawyer constantly reenacted, his “Bowery B’hoys” that came to define the distinctive slang and swagger of urban American characters, and his novels and plays that turned an unknown scout into Buffalo Bill, King of the Border Men. But before “Ned Buntline” became a mainstay of the popular press, he had been on his way to becoming one of the nation’s highbrow literary elites. He was praised by the leading critics, edited an important literary journal, and his stories appeared in the era’s most prestigious publications. This study examines how and why “Ned Buntline” moved from prestigious to popular authorship and argues that the transformation was precipitated by one very specific event: in 1846, Edward Z. C. Judson was lynched. A close examination of Judson’s life, writing, and the coverage of him in the newspapers of the day (including the remarkable story of how he survived a lynching) demonstrates that the same issues that led to his lynching also led to his rebirth as a new kind of American author.
“Let me hear Thy voice”: Michèle Roberts’s Refiguring of Mary Magdalene in the Light of The Song of Songs
Authors: Filipczak Dorota
Published: November 2019

The article engages with the protagonist of The Secret Gospel of Mary Magdalene by Michèle Roberts, first published in 1984 as The Wild Girl. Filipczak discusses scholarly publications that analyze the role of Mary Magdalene, and redeem her from the sexist bias which reduced her to a repentant whore despite the lack of evidence for this in the Gospels. The very same analyses demonstrate that the role of Mary Magdalene as Christ’s first apostle silenced by patriarchal tradition was unique. While Roberts draws on the composite character of Mary Magdalene embedded in the traditional association between women, sexuality and sin, she also moves far beyond this, by reclaiming the female imaginary as an important part of human connection to the divine. At the same time, Roberts recovers the conjunction between sexuality and spirituality by framing the relationship of Christ and Mary Magdalene with The Song of Songs, which provides the abject saint from Catholic tradition with an entirely different legacy of autonomy and expression of female desire, be it sexual, maternal or spiritual. The intertext connected with The Song of Songs runs consistently through The Secret Gospel of Mary Magdalene. This, in turn, sensitizes the readers to the traces of the Song in the Gospels, which never quote from it, but they rely heavily on the association between Christ and the Bridegroom, while John 20 shows the encounter between the risen Christ and Mary Magdalene in the garden whose imagery is strongly suggestive of the nuptial meeting in The Song of Songs.
Joe Brainard’s I Remember, Fragmentary Life Writing and the Resistance to Narrative and Identity
Authors: Drąg Wojciech
Published: November 2019

Paul Ricoeur declares that “being-entangled in stories” is an inherent property of the human condition. He introduces the notion of narrative identity—a form of identity constructed on the basis of a self-constructed life-narrative, which becomes a source of meaning and self-understanding. This article wishes to present chosen instances of life writing whose subjects resist yielding a life-story and reject the notions of narrative and identity. In line with Adam Phillips’s remarks regarding Roland Barthes by Roland Barthes (1975), such works—which I refer to as fragmentary life writing—emerge out of a profound scepticism about any form of “fixing” oneself and confining the variety and randomness of experience to one of the available autobiographical plots.

The primary example of the genre is Joe Brainard’s I Remember (1975)—an inventory of approximately 1,500 memories conveyed in the form of radically short passages beginning with the words “I remember.” Despite the qualified degree of unity provided by the fact that all the recollections come from the consciousness of a single person, the book does not arrange its content in any discernible order—chronological or thematic; instead, the reader is confronted with a life-in-fragments. Although individual passages could be part of a coming-of-age, a coming-out or a portrait-of-the-artist-as-a-young-man narrative, Brainard is careful not to let any of them consolidate. An attempt at defining the characteristics of the proposed genre will be followed by an indication of more recent examples of fragmentary life writing and a reflection on its prospects for development
“But what a place / to put a piano”: Nostalgic Objects in Robert Minhinnick’s Diary of the Last Man
Authors: Handley Agata
Published: November 2019

In 2003, Martin Rees referred to the present as “mankind’s final century.” A few years later, Slavoj Žižek wrote that humankind is heading towards “apocalyptic zero-point,” when the ecological crisis will most probably lead to our complete destruction. In his 2017 collection, Diary of the Last Man, Welsh poet Robert Minhinnick offers readers a meditation upon Earth at a liminal moment—on the brink of becoming completely unpopulated.

Imagining a solitary human being, living in the midst of environmental collapse, Minhinnick yet entwines different voices—human and non-human—operating across vast spans of time. The speaker of the poems moves freely through different geographies and cultural contexts, but the voice that starts and ends the journey, seems to be the voice of the poet himself: he is the last man on earth, a survivor of ecological disaster.

The paper discusses Minhinnick’s collection as a projection of the world we now inhabit into a future where it will exist only in the form of nostalgic memories. The analysis focuses on the role of objects in the construction of the world-within-the poem, where the fragments of human civilization are being claimed by forces of the environment—engulfing sand, progressive erosion—forming a retrospective vision of our “now” which will inevitably become our “past.”
Liminal Space in J. G. Ballard’s Concrete Island
Authors: Tereszewski Marcin
Published: November 2019

This article explores the way in which surrealist techniques and assumptions underpin spatial representations in Ballard’s Concrete Island. With much of Ballard’s fiction using spatiality as an ideologically charged instrument to articulate a critique that underpins postcapitalist culture, it seems important to focus on exactly the kind of spaces that he creates. This paper will investigate the means by which spatiality is conceptualized in Ballard’s fiction, with special emphasis on places situated on the borders between realism and fantasy. Ballard’s spaces, often positioned on the edgelands of cities or centers of civilization, can be aligned with the surrealist project as presented not only by the Situationalist International, but of psychogeographical discourse in general. What the various Ballardian spaces—motorways, airports, high-rises, deserts, shopping malls, suburbs—have in common is a sense of existing outside stable definitions or what, following Marc Augé, we would call non-places, which by their definition are disconnected from a globalized image society, thus generating a revolutionary idea of freedom. As these places exist outside the cognitive map we impose on our environment, they present a potentially liberating force that resonates in Ballard’s fiction.
Gry jako moralne laboratorium. Gamifikacja dylematów moralnych bezzałogowych samochodów
Authors: Maćkiewicz Bartosz , Mamak Wojciech
Published: November 2019

Celem artykułu jest zidentyfikowanie potencjalnych korzyści oraz zagrożeń związanych z badaniem dylematów moralnych dotyczących autonomicznych pojazdów za pomocą gier i zgamifikowanych narzędzi badawczych. Gry komputerowe dają naszym zdaniem możliwość skonstruowania bardziej ekologiczne trafnych eksperymentów. Dzięki zwiększonej trafności, wyniki eksperymentów mogą lepiej odzwierciedlać rzeczywiste mechanizmy podejmowania decyzji moralnych. Dane w nich uzyskane mogą posłużyć w implementacji „modułów moralnych” w bezzałogowych pojazdach. W artykule analizujemy wybrane eksperynty wykorzystujace elementy gier komputerowych. Analizy te zestawiamy z dostępnymi w literaturze podejściami do problemu algorytmizacji etyki oraz implementacji moralności w autonomicznych maszynach. Pokazujemy również, jak można wpisać ten problem w bardziej ogólny schemat „etyki informacji” zaproponowany przez Floridiego.
PEMBERDAYAAN EKONOMI PEREMPUAN PERSPEKTIF GENDER DAN EKONOMI ISLAM: Studi Kasus Akses Pengusaha UMKM Perempuan Terhadap Lembaga Keuangan Syariah BMT di Palembang
Authors: Budiarto Dwi , Maftukhatusolikhah Maftukhatusolikhah
Published: November 2019

Usaha kecil di Indonesia masih terus didominasi pelaku usaha mikro, di sisi lain UMK kesulitan mengakses pembiayaan dari bank, terlebih UMK yang dilakukan oleh perempuan, yang bisa jadi dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor termasuk gender bias. Dengan tingginya gap perekonomian, maka lembaga keuangan dengan karakteristik yang sesuai dengan pelaku UMK  perempuan sangat dibutuhkan. Dalam konteks tersebut tulisan ini melakukan kajian tentang pemberdayaan ekonomi perempuan, dengan menggunakan kerangka analisis gender dan perspektif ekonomi Islam. Untuk memperkuat data penelitian, studi kasus dilakukan terhadap akses perempuan pada lembaga keuangan berbasis syariah Baitul Maal wa at-Tamwil di Kota Palembang. Pemilihan Lembaga Keuangan Syariah berupa BMT dilakukan karena segmentasi BMT yang lebih akomodatif terhadap pengusaha-pengusaha UMK yang relative tidak “bankable”. Penelitian bersifat qualitatif, yang menunjukkan hasil bahwa BMT merupakan Lembaga Keuangan berbasis syariah yang accessible atau memberikan akses yang terbuka dan luas bagi para pengusaha perempuan, hal ini dapat dilihat dari relative banyaknya perempuan yang menjadi nasabah pada beberapa BMT di Palembang. BMT dengan produk-produknya, merupakan lembaga keuangan yang  sensitif gender’ dan bisa semakin mendorong terwujudnya gender equalities, karena secara demikian BMT telah menganggap penting potensi, partisipasi, dan akses pengusaha UMK Perempuan terhadap sumber-sumber keuangan
ANALISIS TINGKAT KESEHATAN BANK UMUM SYARIAH SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH TERDAFTAR DI BEI
Authors: Sari Yetri Martika
Published: November 2019

This study aims to assess the soundness of sharia commercial banks before and after being registere don the Indonesian stock exchange using the Risk-Based Bank Rating (RBBR) method which is stipulated in the OJK regulation No.8/POJK.03/2014 concerning the assessment of the soundness level of sharia commercial banks and sharia businessunits. The object of this research are sharia commercial banks registered on the Indonesian stock exchange (IDX). The sampling technique in this study used purposive sampling with the criteria of sharia commercial banks which was conducting an initial public offering in 2018. Two samples were obtained for this research, namely BRIS and BTPNS. The analytical techniques in this study were descriptive quantitative using four RBBR factors namely risk profile (NPF and FDR), GCG, profitability (NOM and ROA), andcapital (CAR). The resultsofthis study on the soundness of the bank before and after being listed on the IDX did not indicate a difference in the health rating of the banks both BRIS and BTPNS. the results of a comparison of the performance of BRIS and BTPNS seen from the four RBBR factors showed tha tBTPNS's performance was better than BRIS's performance.
KELAKAR BETHOOK IN PALEMBANG MALAY LANGUAGE: A LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS
Authors: Afriani Susi Herti
Published: November 2019

This paper examines distinctive culturally-linguistic humour and directives in Palembang Malay language (hereafter referred as Palembangnese) in Indonesia. Two transcribed samples of Kelakar Bethook (KB) in Palembangnese humour were selected. The data analyses and discussion show the uniqueness of humour and directives in KB in Palembangnese. This present research contributes to the nature of linguistics in language documentation and extends the scope of speech act research in a non-western language. This study also contributes to enhancing the linguistic-cultural theory in Eastern language and culture. This research thereby contributes to distinguishing one facet of language Malay civilization by exploring distinctive cultural-linguistic practices and promoting a wider awareness of Palembangnese culture and humour.
Correlation between Individual Characteristics, Workload, and Noise with Work Fatigue
Authors: Rahmawati Nita Desti , Tualeka Abdul Rohim
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Work fatigue decreases preparedness that raises the risk of workplace accidents. Some of the factors that cause work fatigue are workers characteristics, workload and noise. The purpose of this study is to analyze the correlation between those factors and work fatigue among workers of PT Kerta Rajasa Raya in circulator loom unit. Metods: This is a descriptive observational study that uses a cross sectional approach. This study uses total sampling with a total member of 44 workers. The variables in this study are labor characteristics, including age, gender, years of service, education level, nutritional status, and medical history, which are obtained from questionnaire. Physical workload is assessed based on SNI 7269-2007. Mental workload is measured using NASA-TLX questionnaire. Noise is measured using Sound Level Meter. These variables are the independent variable. The dependent variable, on the other hand, is work fatigue, which is measured by reaction timer. Data are analyzed using Spearman correlation coefficient test (Spearman rho). Results: The results show that 27 workers (61.4%) experienced mild work fatigue and one labor (2.3%) experienced moderate work fatigue. Conclusion: The study concludes that mental workload has the strongest correlation with work fatigue (ρ = 0.509), while medical history has the weakest correlation with work fatigue (ρ = 0.034). Keywords: mental workload, noise, reaction timer, work fatigue
The Correlation between Age, Years of Service, and Working Postures and the Complaints of Musculoskeletal Disorders
Authors: Putri Buntari Asmaning
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) is one of the health problems caused by the used equipment or performed activity while working. The workers in the packaging section of the iron and steel industry who do the packaging process manually are exposed to the risk of experiencing MSDs due to the working attitudes and non-ergonomic postures. This study aims to identify the correlation between ages, years of service, as well as working postures and the complaints of MSDs experienced by the workers of the packaging section of iron and steel industry in Sidoarjo. Methods: This study applied a cross-sectional design. The research population was all workers in the packaging section of an iron and steel industry in Sidoarjo, reaching 27 people. The research samples are the total population of the workers in the packaging section of an iron and steel industry in Sidoarjo. The risk assessment of MSDs was carried out by using the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) method, while the risk complaints were measured by using the Nordic Body Map (NBM) questionnaire. The data were tested by using Chi-Square. Results: The results revealed that there were moderate correlations between the age and the MSDs complaints (phi coefficient=0.335), between the years of service and the MSDs complaints (phi coefficient=0.433), and between the working postures and MSDs complaints (phi coefficient=0.401). Conclusion: The moderate-level of correlation still affected the occurrence of MSDs complaints. Keywords: ages, years of service, working postures, musculoskeletal disorders complaints
Factors Related to the Standard Operating Procedure Compliance of the Workers at PT X
Authors: Rahmawati Firda
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Each company has its Standard Operational Procedure that is used as a standard for workers to work safely. SOPs are established and implemented to minimize the hazards of accidents in the workplace. As one of the largest automotive manufacturing companies in Indonesia, PT X also has the potential hazards of occupational accidents. The existence of accidents at the company is caused by unsafe behavior. The purpose of this study is to analyze the correlation between individual characteristics, training, knowledge, as well as motivation and the SOP compliance at PT X. Methods: This research is observational research with the cross-sectional design. The samples of this research were 30 workers. The samples were taken by using the simple random sampling method. The data collection was obtained from the results of questionnaires, interviews, and observations, while the supporting data in the form of secondary data was taken from the related SOP. Results the variable of individual characteristics in the form of age and working period are not related to the behavior of SOP compliance. The variables of worker training, knowledge, and motivation are related to SOP compliance behavior tested with the statistical test showed the p-values of 0.008, 0.000, and 0.022. Conclusion: The individual characteristics of age and working period cannot describe the behavior of SOP compliance, while the individual characteristics of training, knowledge, and motivation can improve the SOP compliance. Keywords: motivation, SOP compliance, training
Socio-Moral Development of Preschool Children: Aspects of Theory and Practice
Authors: Korotaeva Evgenia , Chugaeva Irina
Published: November 2019

The article deals with issues related to social and moral education and development of preschool children. The theoretical understanding of the current state of this field is reflected in the modern normative documents "On education in the Russian Federation", the state educational standards. Analysis of theoretical and practice-oriented research in this area shows that the phrase "moral education" today is gradually replaced by "social and moral education", "social and moral development". This trend is found in preschool pedagogy (work L. V. Abramova, R. S. Bure, S. M. Zyryanova, N.A. Karataeva, G. M. Kiseleva, I. F. Sleptsova, etc.). It is the study of social and moral representations of preschool children that many relevant diagnostic methods are aimed at: to explain the actions of children, their relationship with each other and adults, to assess these actions (i.e. to correlate the situation with the moral norm). The presented research was based on the method of research of moral representations of children of senior preschool age, developed by G. A. Uruntaeva and Yu.A. Afon'kina. The analysis of the results showed that children of senior preschool age willingly included in the retelling of the actions described in the situation, but find it difficult to assess what is happening from a moral point of view. It is obvious that psychological and pedagogical work is necessary in this direction, taking into account the age characteristics of children, as well as social and moral guidelines relevant to the current situation of development of society.
The Influence of Amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) Dietary Nitrates on the Aerobic Capacity of Physically Active Young Persons
Authors: Liubertas Tomas , Kairaitis Ramutis , Stasiule Loreta , Capkauskiene Sandrija , Stasiulis Arvydas , Viskelis Pranas , Viskelis Jonas , Urbonaviciene Dalia
Published: November 2019

Over the past five years, the popularity of dietary nitrates as an ergogenic device among athletes has increased significantly. Hypoxic and acidic conditions that occur during exercise facilitate the conversion of nitrite to nitric oxide (NO) and increase the physiological efficiency of exogenously produced nitrite. After a few years of our team predicted experiments, as a nitric oxide precursor, amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) was identified as a source of dietary nitrates (concentrations 9-11%). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of single-dose and long- term doses of dietary nitrates from amaranth concentrate on the aerobic capacity of physically active young persons. Thirteen healthy and physically active young participants were randomized to experimental and placebo groups using a increasing cycling exercise (ICE) and placebo- controlled design. Pulmonary gas exchange recording (oxygen uptake (VO 2 ), pulmonary ventilation (VE), respiratory exchange ratio (RER)) and analysis of blood lactate samples were obtained. Our findings indicate that the single dose of dietary amaranth (400 mg) significantly improved only the power of the test performance. Long-term (6 days) intake significantly increased the power of the test performance, the maximum oxygen consumption and the power of the test for the first ventilation threshold value (from 37.7±2.7 mL/kg/min during the first test to 41.2±5.4 mL/kg/min during the third test, p <0.05).
The Influence of Soft Tissue Therapy on Respiratory Efficiency and Chest Mobility of Women Suffering from Breast Cancer
Authors: Domaszewka Katarzyna
Published: November 2019

The aim of the following paper was to determine the influence of soft tissue therapy on respiratory efficiency and chest mobility of women suffering from breast cancer. This study was a controlled randomized trial. Tests were carried out in a group of patients (n=49), who were hospitalized in the Province Polyclinic Hospital, Konin, Poland. In the study group, irrespective of the standard physical therapy program, an additional therapy program was run. The program consisted in applying specific techniques of soft tissue treatment. All patients in the each term were subject to pulmonary function test, chest mobility and pain assessment. Statistical analysis of the obtained results of spirometry and chest mobility assessment have revealed no differences in the analyzed parameters between the examined groups in the period of joint therapeutic treatment. In the period between the 3rd examination and the end of the 11-month- rehabilitation treatment, statistically significant differences were observed in the analyzed spirometry parameters, however, there was no difference in the parameters describing airflow in small airways (MEF50,PEF) between individual groups, during consecutive examinations in the course of diversified therapeutic treatment. Chest mobility assessment of the patients, performed during diversified therapeutic treatment, revealed statistically significant differences between the groups. However, there was no difference between the examined groups, as far as pain sensation is concerned. Enhancing the regular rehabilitation program by including additional therapeutic methods, which are based on myofascial release and post-isometric relaxation techniques, had a beneficial effects regarding respiratory system efficiency.
Atomistic Simulation for Rejuvenation of Cu-Zr Metallic Glasses by Strain
Authors: Jekal Eunsung
Published: November 2019

Molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to investigate the atomic structure of a model Cu64Zr36 bulk metallic glass (BMG). It is found that the amount of icosahedral content of the system is signiﬁcantly increased in a well relaxed structure. While we considered four connection types of vertex-, edge-, face-, and volume-sharing, the huge cluster in the relaxed samples mainly involve volume-type connection and exhibits a remarkable athermal plasticity that great stiﬀness and great yield strength compared to the as-quenched samples. In addition, the bond-angle distribution of annealed sample shows sharp peaks at speciﬁc bond angles which is an evidence of crystallized Laves-phase formed by icosahedral atoms, however the peaks are to be broaden after loading, which indicates decreasing amount of icosahedral content and their shape distortion. These results suggest that icosahedral content in a bulk metallic glasses plays a key role to determine the mechanical properties such as rigidity and maximum stress carrying capacity.
Physically Realizable Parallel Decompositions of Experimentally Determined Mueller Matrices
Authors: San Jose Ignacio , Gil Jose J.
Published: November 2019

Parallel decompositions have proved to be powerful tools for the analysis and interpretation of the physical information provided by Mueller matrices experimentally obtained. In this work, the procedure for the so-called arbitrary decomposition of Mueller matrices is validated through its application to a set of representative experimentally determined Mueller matrices. The covariance and passivity criteria required for the physical realizability of the Mueller matrices involved in the parallel decompositions are integrated in the procedure, which ensures the physical consistency of the results presented.
Genetic Diversity of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera:Aleyrodidae) Colonizing Sweet Potato and Cassava in South Sudan
Authors: Misaka Beatrice Clarence , Wosula Everlyne N. , Marchelo-d'Ragga Philip W. , Hvoslef-Eide Trine , Legg James Peter
Published: November 2019

Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is a polyphagous, highly destructive pest capable of vectoring viruses in most agricultural crops. Currently, information on the distribution and genetic diversity of B. tabaci in South Sudan is not available. The objectives of this study were to investigate the genetic variability of B. tabaci infesting sweet potato and cassava in South Sudan. Field surveys were conducted between August 2017 and July and August 2018 in 10 locations in Juba County, Central Equatoria State, South Sudan. Sequences of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase I (mtCOI) were used to determine the phylogenetic relationships between sampled B. tabaci. Six distinct genetic groups of B. tabaci were identified including three non-cassava haplotypes (Mediterranean (MED), Indian Ocean (IO) and Uganda) and three cassava haplotypes (Sub-Saharan Africa 1 sub-group 1 (SSA1-SG1), SSA1-SG3 and SSA2). MED predominated on sweet potato and SSA2 on cassava in all the sampled locations. The Uganda haplotype was also widespread, occurring in five of the sampled locations. This study provides important information on the diversity of B. tabaci species in South Sudan. A comprehensive assessment of the genetic diversity, geographical distribution, population dynamics and host range of B. tabaci species in South Sudan is vital for its effective management.
Aflatoxins: A Comprehensive Overview
Authors: Benkerroum Noreddine
Published: November 2019

Aflatoxins continue to raise health concerns as unavoidable and widespread natural contaminants of foods and feeds with serious impact on health, agricultural and livestock productivity, and food safety. They are secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus species distributed on three main sections of the genus (section Flavi, section Ochraceorosei, and section Nidulantes). Aflatoxin-producing species, mainly A. flavus and A. parasiticus thrive under hot and humid conditions in the field or during storage, which are met in tropical and sub-tropical regions. Poor economic status of a country exacerbates the risk and the extent of crop contamination due to faulty storage conditions that are usually suitable for mold growth and mycotoxin production; temperature of 22 to 29°C and water activity of 0.90 to 0.99. This situation paralleled the prevalence of high liver cancer and the occasional acute aflatoxicosis episodes that have been associated with these regions. Few of the presently known aflatoxins (>18) have been sufficiently studied for their incidence, health-risk, and mechanisms of toxicity to allow effective intervention and control means that would significantly and sustainably reduce their incidence and adverse effects on health and economy. Among these, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) has by far been the most studied; and yet, many aspects of the range and mechanisms of the diseases it causes remain to be elucidated. Its mutagenicity, tumorigenicity, and carcinogenicity, which are the best known still suffer from many limitations regarding the relative contribution of the oxidative stress and the reactive epoxide derivative (Aflatoxin-exo 8,9-epoxide) in the induction of the diseases, as well as its metabolic and synthesis pathways. Additionally, despite the well-established additive effects for carcinogenicity between AFB1 and other risk factors, e.g., hepatitis viruses B and C, and the algal hepatotoxic microcystins, the mechanisms of this synergy remain unclear. A review of publications on the incidence and concentrations of aflatoxins in selected foods and feeds from countries whose crops are classically known for their highest contamination with aflatoxins, reveals that despite the intensive efforts made to reduce such an incidence, there has been no clear tendency, with the possible exception of South Africa, towards sustained improvements. The levels and incidence are essentially influenced by the rainfall and temperature during the cultivation year or two successive years with alternating dry and wet seasons. This review aimed to update the main aspects of aflatoxin production, occurrence and incidence in selected countries, and associated adverse health effects. In addition to AFB1 which was the main focus of the review, other aflatoxins were addressed whenever relevant data were available.
Phenolic Constituents with Antioxidant and α-glucosidase Inhibitory Activities from Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) Fall Leaves
Authors: Yao Liangliang , Zhu Suyou , Chen Chuying , Yang Youxin , Peng Wenwen , Wan Chunpeng
Published: November 2019

To elucidate the chemical compositions of the sugar fall maple leaves, the methanol extracts were firstly fractionated by ethyl acetate and n-butanol respectively. The phenolic acids-rich fractions (ethyl acetate extracts) were further purified by various chromatographic columns including XAD macroporous resin, Sephadex LH-20, ODS and semi-preparative HPLC to yield the compounds. The isolated compounds were characterized by 1H-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR), 13C-NMR, and high resolution electrospray ionisation mass spectral (HR-ESI-MS) spectroscopy. Twenty eight phenolics including fourteen flavonoids (1-14), five quinic acid derivatives (15-19), five galloyl tannins (20-24) and four other phenolic acids (25-28) were isolated and their structures were identified. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. All of the phenolics constituents showed DPPH scavenging antioxidant activities. While, glycosides of quercetin and myricetin, galloyl tannins were showed promising α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. All of the compounds except 4, 11, 12 and 28 were isolated from sugar maple for the first time. Moreover, Compounds 9, 10, 14, 20, 21, 23, 25 and 26 were isolated from the Acer species for the first time.
Trehalose Protects Maize Plants from Salt Stress and Phosphorus Deficiency
Authors: Rohman Md. Motiar , Islam Md. Robyul , Monsur Mahmuda Binte , Amiruzzaman M. , Fujita Masayuki , Hasanuzzaman Mirza
Published: November 2019

This study was undertaken to elucidate the role of trehalose (Tre) in mitigating oxidative stress under salinity and low P in maize. Eight-day-old maize seedlings of two maize varieties, BARI Hybrid Maize-7 and BARI Hybrid Maize-9 were subjected to salinity (150 mM NaCl), low P (5 µM KH2PO4) and their combined stress with or without 10 mM Tre for 15-d.Salinity and combined stress significantly inhibited the shoot length, root length, and root volume, whereas, low P increased the root length and volume in both genotypes. Exogenous Tre in the stress treatments increased all of the growth parameters as well as decreased the salinity, low P and combined stress-mediated Na+/K+, ROS, MDA, LOX activity and MG in both genotypes. Under salinity and low P stress, the SOD activity increased in both genotypes, but the activity decreased in combined stress. POD activity increased in all stress treatments. Interestingly, Tre application enhanced the SOD activity in all the stress treatments but inhibited the POD activity. Both CAT and GPX activity were increased by saline and low P stress while the activities inhibited in combined stress. Similar results were found for APX, GR, and DHAR activities in both genotypes. However, MDHAR activity was inhibited in all the stresses. Interestingly, Tre enhanced CAT APX, GPX, GR, MDHAR and DHAR activities suggesting the amelioration of ROS scavenging in maize under all the stresses. Increased GST activity in presence or absence of Tre might involve in detoxification of hydroperoxides as well as leaf senescence. On the other hand, increased glyoxalase activities in saline and low P stress in BHM-9 suggested better MG detoxification system because of down-regulation of Gly-I activity in BHM-7 in those stresses. Tre also increased the glyoxalase activities in both genotypes under all the stresses. Tre improved the growth in maize seedlings by decreasing Na+/K+, ROS, MDA, and MG through regulating antioxidant and glyoxalase systems.
POTENSI PEMBUATAN GULA NON-DIGESTIBLE DARI SELULOSA DAN HEMISELULOSA MENGGUNAKAN HIDROLISIS ENZIMATIS
Authors: Yuansah Sunrixon Carmando
Published: November 2019

Cellulose and hemicellulose are components of lignocellulose biomass that are very abundant in nature and have the potential to be developed as one of the food ingredients, such as non-digestible sugar. The utilization of cellulose and hemicellulose in the production of non-digestible sugar can be done by biodegradation using ezymatic hydrolysis. Enzymatic hydrolysis is chosen because it is generally more environmentally friendly than chemical hydrolysis using acids or bases or physical hydrolysis which requires high energy. The enzymes used are cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzymes where the products produced are disaccharides such as cellobiose and oligosaccharides such as xylooligosaccharides (XOS), manooligosaccharides (MOS) and cellodextrins and other types of sugars which are cellulose and hemicellulose derivatives.
Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Kecamatan Nawangan, Kabupaten Pacitan Melalui Penganekaragaman Olahan Daun Cincau Hitam
Authors: Sari Ardhea Mustika , Sumani Sumani , Hanim Diffah , Supriyadi Supriyadi
Published: November 2019

Black cincau leaf (Mesona palustris BL) is one of the main commodities of Nawangan District, Pacitan Regency which has high fiber and antioxidant content. In general, the cincau leaves produced at Nawangan are only sold in the form of dried leaves so that their economic value is low. Processing of dried black grass jelly leaves into processed food products can increase its economic value. The problem faced by the Nawangan community in an effort to increase the economic value of cincau leaves is that the Nawangan people do not yet have the skills and knowledge regarding various forms of processed which have a higher selling value. Through the Community Empowerment Community Service program, efforts are made to diversify processed products of black cincau leaves in the form of pastry products (nastar and cookies). This program aims to improve the skills of the Nawangan community in processing black cincau leaves into several food products that have high selling value. This activity was carried out in three stages, namely socialization, implementation of training and monitoring. The outputs produced in this activity are processed products of black cincau leaves which are expected to be the superior products of the Nawangan District.
Budidaya Lele Dan Peningkatan Nilai Jual Pada Ukm Ternak Lele di Kecamatan Tasikmadu Karanganyar
Authors: Hartati Sri , Minardi Slamet
Published: November 2019

Program IbM ini bekerjasama dengan dua mitra, yaitu: (1) UKM Peternakan Lele “UKM Lele Dumbo”, dan (2) Ibu Ibu PKK Mitra Tani Makmur (1) dan Mitra (2) sama-sama berlokasi di Dukuh Gunungwatu, Kalijirak, Tasikmadu, Karanganyar, dengan jarak tempuh sekitar 65 km dari Fak. Pertanian UNS. Bidang usaha yang dikembangkan oleh mitra (1) tersebut adalah peternakan lele. Permintaan konsumen terhadap ikan lele di Tasikmadu dan sekitarnya per hari sangat tinggi, belum mampu dipenuhi oleh mitra usaha tersebut dan masih mendatangkan dari tempat lain, termasuk dari Kalijirak dan Solo.Permasalahan Mitra 1 (UKM Lele Dumbo) : yaitudalam beternak lele kadang-kadang sering mengalami kegagalan dalam panen yang dikarenakan kurang kecermatan dalam beternak lele, termasuk di dalamnya cara pemberian pakan, cara memberi air, dan cara mensortasi ukuran lele (menyaring lele).Permasalahan Mitra 2 (Ibu Ibu PKK Mitra Tani Makmur) : yaitu kurangnya ketrampilan (yang masuk dalam Program PKK) dalam membuat abon lele yang dapat meningkatkan nilai jual atau nilai ekonomi yang tinggi.Rencana kegiatan IbM ini berusaha untuk mengatasi permasalahan yang dihadapi mitra (1), dengan memberi pelatihan dan bimbingan serta konsultasi setiap saat yang bisa dilakukan melalui HP serta memanfaatkan lele menjadi abon akan dapat meningkatkan pendapatan ibu-ibu yang tergabung dalam PKK.Rencana kegiatan IbM ini berusaha untuk mengatasi permasalahan yang dihadapi mitra usaha dengan memanfaatkan hasil budidaya lele yang merupakan produk penerapan dari penelitian Pemanfaatan Berbagai Kotoran Unggas untuk Pembuatan Pelet sebagai Pakan Lele dalam Menekan Biaya Produksi (PUPT 2015-2016) dan Teknologi Pengelolaan Limbahuntuk Pakandan Pupuk pada Sistem Pertanian Terpadu Berbasis Perikanan, Peternakan Puyuhdan Sayur Organik (2014-2015). Kegiatan yang telah dilakukan meliputi pelatihan dan pemberian bibit dan pakan lele kepada UKM peternak lele serta pelatihan pembuatan abon lele kepada ibu-ibu PKK.
Pemberdayaan Wanita Tani dengan Pelatihan Pembuatan Pot Organik dari Jerami Padi dan Limbah Daun Bawang Merah
Authors: Syamsiyah Jauhari , Herawati Aktavia , Mujiyo Mujiyo
Published: November 2019

Pot organik berbahan dasar campuran jerami padi dan limbah daun bawang merah merupakan inovasi baru untuk memanfaatkan bahan tersebut yang melimpah di lingkungan. Desa Srigading merupakan sentra pertanaman padi dan bawang merah. Setiap musim panen tiba, limbah hasil panen tersebut dibuang begitu saja. Padahal biomassa ini bisa dimanfaatkan untuk pot organik. Pot organik dari limbah jerami padi dan daun bawang merah dapat lebih aman dan tidak membuat pencemaran tanah dan lingkungan. Limbah jerami dipilih karena mengandung selulosa dan lignin yang tinggi. Selulosa dapat membentuk ikatan yang kuat antar molekulnya. Kandungan selulosa yang tinggi tersebut menjadikan jerami berpotensi sebagai bahan pembuatan pot biodegradable. Selain itu jerami mengandung bahan organik yang berperan penting dalam merekatkan butiran tanah membentuk agregat tanah yang lebih mantap. Daun bawang merah diyakini mengandung zat kitin yang tinggi, sehingga berpotensi sebagai penahan air dalam pot. Selain itu jerami padi dan daun bawang merah merupakan bahan organik yang mengandung berbagai unsur hara yang lengkap. Sehingga selain sebagai bahan baku pot, jerami padi dan daun bawang merah juga berfungsi sebagai cadangan unsur hara untuk tanaman dalam pot. Kombinasi jerami padi dan daun bawang merah diharapkan mampu menjadi alternatif pot organik yang ramah lingkungan, murah serta mudah diadopsi oleh masyarakat. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, limbah jerami padi dan daun bawang merah mempunyai potensi yang cukup strategis untuk dimanfaatkan menjadi pot organic/biodegradable. Pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan limbah jerami padi dan daun bawang merah menjadi pot organik yang murah dan mudah diterapkan dan untuk peningkatan perekonomian masyarakat setempat. Penyuluhan tentang manfaat jerami, daun bawang merah dan pupuk kendang sebagai bahan pot telah dilaksanakan pada tanggal 21 Juni 2019. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa peserta antusias mengikuti kegiatan penyuluhan dan praktek pembuatan pot organic berbahan dasar jerami padi, daun bawang merah dan lempung.
FİNANSAL RİSK YÖNETİMİNDE TÜREV ÜRÜN KULLANIMI: BIST İMALAT SEKTÖRÜNDE FAALİYET GÖSTEREN FİRMALAR ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: ALSU Erkan
Published: November 2019

Bu çalışmada, Borsa İstanbul’da imalat sektörü içerisinde yer alan 65 işletmenin 2017 ve 2018 yıllarının mali tablo ve dipnotları incelenerek; finansal risk yönetiminde uyguladıkları politikalar, ticari faaliyetlerini yürütürken karşılaştıkları finansal riskler, karşılaşılan risklere karşı türev ürünle ne ölçüde kullandıklarıı ve hangi risk karşısında hangi türev ürünü kullandıkları analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda,  faiz/faiz oranı riski, kur farkından doğan risk, kredi riski ve likidite riski firmaların en sık maruz kaldıkları finansal riskler olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu kapsamda işletmelerin en çok, kur riski karşısında  türev ürün kullandıkları ve kullandıkları bu türev ürünün vadeli döviz alım- satım sözleşmeleri (forward) olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome Complicating Spinal Deformity Correction Surgery
Authors: Rai Ravi Ranjan , Shah Siddharth , Palliyil Nigil S. , Dalvie Samir , Shah Rasik
Published: November 2019

Case:

A 13-year-old female presenting with untreated congenital scoliosis underwent single-stage anterior plus posterior deformity correction surgery. On the sixth postoperative day, she started vomiting and complained of abdominal pain. Imaging studies suggested superior mesenteric artery syndrome (SMAS). Conservative treatment for 3 weeks yielded no improvement in symptoms. She subsequently underwent laparoscopic duodenojejunostomy, which resolved her symptoms.

Conclusions:

SMAS, although rare, is a morbid complication of deformity correction surgery. Medical management is the treatment of choice, with surgery reserved for nonresponders. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate intervention can provide effective treatment, thus preventing catastrophic consequences.
Acute Superficial Peroneal Nerve Entrapment Mimicking Compartment Syndrome
Authors: Haddad Stefanos F. , Harrington Michael , Adams Curtis , Arain Abdul , Czajka Cory
Published: November 2019

Case:

A 48-year-old man presented with foot drop and peroneal nerve paresthesia after a suspected ankle sprain. The patient was taken to the operating room for nerve exploration and anterior and lateral compartment releases. Diagnosis of superficial peroneal nerve (SPN) entrapment was made intraoperatively.

Conclusion:

Motor deficits in the setting of SPN entrapment may indicate overlapping compartment syndrome or pseudoparalysis from pain inhibition and not neural compression. This adds an increased level of complexity to an already challenging diagnosis to make. Accurate diagnosis and immediate surgical interventionwith proper surgical exposure were all critical for the recovery of this patient.
La traducción turística de negocios: los elementos léxicos en las guías promocionales
Authors: Santamaría Urbieta Alexandra , Alcalde Peñalver Elena
Published: November 2019

A pesar de la existencia de numerosos estudios que se centran en el discurso turístico, el turismo de negocios no ha sido analizado de forma específica en la literatura traductológica existente. No obstante, este tipo de turismo tiene un peso importante en la economía y lleva experimentando un crecimiento continuo desde hace años. El objetivo de este estudio es identificar y describir las estrategias empleadas en la traducción de los elementos léxicos de las guías promocionales del turismo de negocios en la combinación lingüística español-inglés. En primer lugar, contextualizaremos nuestro objeto de estudio aportando una explicación detallada de lo que se considera turismo de negocios. Posteriormente explicaremos la metodología de corpus empleada para llevar a cabo el análisis de los elementos léxicos de las guías promocionales seleccionadas para el estudio. Esto se hará en base a una tipología de estrategias de transferencia en la que se incluirán los distintos ejemplos extraídos del corpus. Finalmente, reflexionaremos sobre la docencia en este ámbito y la combinación de la traducción especializada y la explotación de corpus mediante herramientas informáticas, aspectos clave para cumplir con los requisitos del mercado de la traducción. Los resultados obtenidos, de manera preliminar, nos permiten concluir que este tipo de metodología resulta de gran interés no solo desde el punto de vista investigador para el análisis de las diferencias entre el inglés y español en el discurso del turismo de negocios, sino también para facilitar la labor del traductor y la docente en este ámbito.
Estudio de Traducción y Terminología contrastiva: El léxico de las corrientes feministas en las lenguas española, inglesa y francesa
Authors: González Fernández Adela
Published: November 2019

Esta investigación se enmarca en el ámbito de dos disciplinas lingüísticas: la Traducción y la Terminología, disciplinas que se encuentran íntimamente unidas, ya que el traductor debe poseer sólidos conocimientos terminológicos para llevar a cabo una buena traducción. Se ha realizado una breve aproximación a la historia del feminismo más reciente, así como a la incursión del feminismo en la lingüística. Por otra parte, se ha llevado a cabo un estudio exhaustivo y contrastivo del léxico utilizado en el ámbito del movimiento social feminista a lo largo de diferentes épocas, en tres lenguas diferentes, aquellas cuyo léxico ofrece más abundantes ejemplos en ese campo temático: español, inglés y francés. Para ello, se ha seleccionado un corpus de obras literarias de las autoras más representativas del movimiento feminista en las tres lenguas y, posteriormente se ha procedido a la extracción del léxico y a su análisis mediante la utilización de fichas terminológicas. Los resultados obtenidos indican que los mecanismos de formación de palabras nuevas o los comportamientos de las palabras ya existentes en una lengua que adquieren un cambio semántico para adaptarse a nuevas realidades son muy parecidos entre las tres lenguas, a pesar de la existencia de algunas excepciones. Finalmente, se pretende aportar información útil tanto para el terminólogo como para el traductor especializado en textos feministas, ya que, a pesar de la importancia que se le está dando últimamente al feminismo, no existen estudios léxicos contrastivos entre distintas lenguas dentro de este ámbito.
Enfoque traductológico del eufemismo en Sueño en el Pabellón Rojo
Authors: Dai Xin
Published: November 2019

Este trabajo constituye una investigación académica sobre la traducción del eufemismo desde chino a español en el corpus de Sueño en el Pabellón Rojo, una de las cuatro obras clásicas chinas más reconocidas. En primer lugar, realizamos una exposición de los problemas de traducción que presentan los diferentes aspectos de lingüística, cultura, pragmática y estética de este recurso lingüístico. A continuación, se analizarán las decisiones adoptadas para traducir algunos de ellos desde el texto original a la versión española, explicando las soluciones a las dificultades con el apoyo de la teoría de Adaptación Lingüística. Por último, se propondrán una serie de compensaciones razonadas de traducción indagando en los métodos más adecuados, en las estrategias y en los grados de efecto de expresiones eufemísticas. De esta manera, equilibramos las carencias de conocimiento de la cultura china por parte de los hispanohablantes, así que la traducción de eufemismo no solo se adapta a la formación lingüística de la lengua de llegada sino que también transmite las características de la versión original de la manera más fiel posible.
Einert, Katharina. Die Übersetzung eines Kontinents. Die Anfänge des Lateinamerika-Programms im Suhrkamp Verlag. Berlín: Edition tranvía-Verlag Walter Frey, 2018, 299 páginas. ISBN: 978-3-946327-09-7
Authors: Cortés Mariño Gerardo Antonio
Published: November 2019

Se reseña una investigación en torno al modo en que Suhrkamp, a través de la creación en 1974 de un programa dedicado exclusivamente a Latinoamérica, formó una imagen de la literatura latinoamericana que le sirviera para difundirla y comercializarla.