bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Etnia, etnicidade e modernidade
Authors: Marques Roger Machado
Published: June 2022

O momento pós-colonial africano enfrenta desde a segunda metade do século XX, dentre inúmeras adversidades, conflitos muitas vezes denominados como “étnicos”. Entretanto, existem autores que alertam para o uso excessivo e, por vezes pouco crítico de conceitos como etnia, etnicidade, tribo e nação, no intuito de caracterizar maneiras pelas quais operam os empasses políticos no continente africano. Ao observar a trajetória destes conceitos ao longo do tempo se torna possível explicitar os problemas vividos pelas populações africanas, bem como compreender a gênese dos modelos de estado-nação vigentes na contemporaneidade. A fim de divergir de antigos paradigmas que por longo período reduziram a complexidade da história africana, um melhor entendimento dos usos conceituais alinhado a uma historicidade meticulosa se torna necessário para a escrita de uma história da África com mais criticidade e livre de preconceitos, os quais ainda se encontram amarrados ao racismo cientificista do século XIX. Pormenorizar conceitos de análise direcionados aos estudos do continente africano são de suma importância para a escrita de uma história livre de estigmas e de preconceitos.
Educação do Campo em tempos de pandemia
Authors: Da Silva Mota Carla Rosane , Doring Krumreich Fernanda , Lange do Amaral Gisela , Schmidt Peter Demaicon , Betemps Vaz da Silva Marcos André
Published: June 2022

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar as atividades educacionais do Curso Técnico em Agroecologia, desenvolvido pela Escola Família Agrícola da Região Sul (EFASUL), em parceria com o Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Sul-rio-grandense (IFSul), durante a pandemia de COVID-19, no ano letivo de 2020, a partir da percepção e avaliação de seus(suas) educandos(as). Em meio à pandemia de novo coronavírus, a EFASUL, localizada no município de Canguçu/RS, não paralisou totalmente suas ações, mantendo contato e realizando atividades remotas com os educandos(as) por meio do grupo da turma no WhatsApp, Blog e, após todos os educandos(as) terem acesso à rede de internet e computadores, através também da plataforma Google Meet. Para a análise proposta, utilizou-se um questionário, composto por 15 questões, aplicado através do Google Forms, no mês de dezembro de 2020, junto aos(às) educandos(as) matriculados no referido Curso, obtendo 88,4% de respostas. Verificou-se, após análise dos resultados, que a maior parte dos(as) educandos(as) participou das atividades propostas e as avaliou positivamente.
Palavras-chave: Educação do Campo; EFASUL; pandemia do novo coronavírus; ensino remoto; percepção dos(as) educandos(as).
A proppi szerepkörök és szereplőfunkciók klasszikus mesékben és azok rövidített változataiban
Authors: Paczur Hanna , Orbán Rebeka , Vincze Orsolya , Péley Bernadette
Published: June 2022

Háttér és célkitűzések

A mese vagy történet olvasása gyermekkorban számos előnnyel bír: pozitív hatása van a képzelet fejlődésére, segít a gyermekeknek a beszélt nyelv vizualizálásában, ezáltal fejleszti a kommunikációs képességeket, valamint a kognitív előnyök mellett a szülő-gyermek kapcsolatot is pozitív irányba befolyásolja. A fejlődéslélektani elméletek alapján egy mese akkor gazdagítja leginkább a gyermek életét, ha a személyiségének minden megnyilvánulására egyszerre reflektál, és segíti a gyermeket belső konfliktusainak feloldásában. Kutatásunk célja az volt, hogy feltérképezzük a klasszikus mesék és azok rövidített változatai között tapasztalható formális-strukturális különbségeket.

Módszer

Vizsgálatunk során 34 mesét hasonlítottunk össze a proppi szerepkörök és szereplőfunkciók mentén. Az összehasonlítást a tartalomelemzés módszerével végeztük. Meghatároztunk továbbá fejlődéslélektani szempontból kiemelkedő jelentőséggel bíró funkciókat, amelyek megjelenését az elemzés során külön is megvizsgáltunk.

Eredmények

Az eredményeink azt mutatták, hogy eltérés van a klasszikus, illetve a rövidített mesék funkciókészlete között. A kiemelkedő jelentőséggel bíró funkciók a rövidített változatokban jelentősen kevesebbszer fordultak elő.

Következtetések

A különbségek arra mutatnak rá, hogy a sűrítés hatására a mesék kisebb mértékben tudnak hozzájárulni a gyermekek belső konfliktusainak megoldásához, ezáltal az eredményeink összességében azt implikálják, hogy a rövidített mesék nem tudják betölteni azt a fejlődéslélektani szerepet a gyermek lelki életében, amelyet a klasszikus változataik.
A nem öngyilkossági szándékkal történő önsértő viselkedés magyarázó modelljei
Authors: Reinhardt Melinda
Published: June 2022

A nem öngyilkossági szándékkal történő szándékos önsértés egy ernyőfogalom, amely számos viselkedésformát (pl. vágás, ütés, harapás, karmolás, égetés) foglal magában. Az utóbbi évtizedben élettartam-prevalenciája dinamikus emelkedést mutat a fiatalok körében. A nem szuicidális önsértés továbbá nemcsak mentális zavarokhoz kapcsolódhat, hanem nem klinikai mintákban is előforduló jelenség. Mindez a nem szuicidális önsértő viselkedés etiológiájának, a hátterében meghúzódó okoknak, magának a folyamatnak és megszűnésének részletes és komplex feltárását sürgeti. Ezt a jelenség eredetének multidimenzionális természete nehezíti. Maguk a nem szuicidális önsértést magyarázó modellek is igen sokrétűek, az integratív szemlélet kevéssé tűnik fel. A téma-összefoglaló tanulmány bemutatja a nem szuicidális önsértés magyarázó modelljeinek teljes spektrumát. Részletesen áttekinti a biológiai, a pszichológiai, a társas, a fejlődés-pszichopatológiai és a pszichodinamikus modelleket, majd kitekintésként a kulturális és a rendszerszemléleti perspektívát is beemeli a nem szuicidális önsértés magyarázatába. A bemutatott modellek kapcsán empirikus bizonyítékokat is felsorakoztat.
Az abszolút hallás: áldás vagy átok?
Authors: Herceg Attila , Szabó Pál
Published: June 2022

Az abszolút hallás (AH) interdiszciplináris jelenség, amely genetikai, idegtudományi, muzikológiai és pszichológiai kutatások tárgya. Az AH-val rendelkező személyek viszonyítási pont nélkül képesek egy izolált zenei hang magasságát azonosítani (passzív AH) vagy azt megszólaltatni (aktív AH). A szerzők célkitűzése áttekinteni az AH-val kapcsolatos szakirodalmat, különös tekintettel a pszichológiai és a magyar vonatkozásokra. Az AH jelenségét már a 18. században ismerték, azonban csak a 19. század utolsó évtizedeiben kezdték vizsgálni. Viszonylag kevés epidemiológiai vizsgálatot végeztek az AH-val kapcsolatban. Az eredmények alapján az AH igen ritka, prevalenciáját tág határok között, az általános népességben 0,01 és 1% között, képzett zenészeknél 3,4 és 20% között adják meg. Ennél gyakoribb előfordulás figyelhető meg vakok, ázsiai zenészek és autizmus spektrumzavarban szenvedők körében. Az AH több formáját különböztetik meg, elemzik az AH és a relatív hallás (RH) kapcsolatát. Figyelemre méltó jelenség az implicit AH. Az AH oka és kialakulásának folyamata még nincs feltárva, azonban feltételezhető, hogy genetikai, környezeti és idegrendszeri tényezők kölcsönhatása áll a háttérben. A genetikai tényezők és a korán megkezdett zenetanulás szerepére erős bizonyítékok vannak. Feltárták az AH idegrendszeri korrelátumait, az AH-val rendelkező és az AH-val nem rendelkező személyek idegrendszerében strukturális és funkcionális különbségeket sikerült kimutatni, a két csoport zenei feladatokban nyújtott teljesítményei is különböznek.
Cage trapping and field anaesthesia of brown bears as part of nuisance bear management
Authors: Molnár Ladislav , Königová Alžbeta , Pleva Ladislav , Ciberej Juraj , Kuzyšinová Katarína , Major Peter , Vrabec Vladimír , Kottferová Lucia , Petrillová Monika , Várady Marián
Published: June 2022

The population and distribution of the European brown bear (Ursus arctos) in Slovakia are expanding as bears were observed beyond the southern border of the country in Hungary. This study presents the authors' experience with field anaesthesia of wild brown bears trapped in a custom-made container trap and of free-ranging individuals. A total of 25 bears were captured and translocated using a specially designed metal cage trap. The study compared the effectiveness of three anaesthetic protocols in managing both free-ranging and trapped bears. For juveniles, or small adults up to 70 kg body weight (BW), ketamine-xylazine mixture was used at doses of 3.0–4.0 mg kg−1 ketamine and 1.0–1.5 mg kg−1 xylazine BW. The immobilisation of free-ranging bears, which are usually attracted by municipal solid garbage, was performed remotely using PneuDart darts with 2–3 ml of anaesthetics. For this purpose, tiletamine-zolazepam-detomidine (T-Z-D) was preferred at a dose of 1.7–2.5 (T) mg kg−1, 1.7–2.5 (Z) mg kg−1, and 0.1–0.2 (D) mg kg−1 BW. Induction time was from 7 to 18 min post darting with the average of 12.04 min. The same combination was applied to bears trapped in a container trap, with anaesthesia lasting from 40 to 150 min. If T-Z-D was used, no further anaesthetic was needed. In all cases, anaesthesia was antagonised by atipamezole at a dose of 0.15–0.225 mg kg−1 BW. Atipamezole was injected at a half dose intramuscularly and a half dose subcutaneously at the time when the palpebral reflex reappeared and the bear was able to move his tongue. It was shown that the T-Z-D mixture is a safe, low-volume anaesthetic darting protocol that is reversible, has minimal adverse effects on physiological parameters, and has a sufficient duration. The results can be used to manage large carnivore populations in the Carpathian region.
Laparoszkópos appendectomia gyermekkorban.
Authors: Fadgyas Balázs , Garai Gábor István , Ringwald Zoltán , Őri Dorottya , Vajda Péter
Published: June 2022

Bevezetés: A laparoszkópos appendectomiának a gyermekek esetében
is számos előnye lehet a nyílt műtéttel szemben. Célkitűzés: A
szerzők vizsgálni kívánták, hogy a nyílt műtétről a laparoszkópos
appendectomiára történő áttérés hozott-e változást a műtéti idő, a kórházi
ápolási idő és szövődmények tekintetében. Módszerek: A
retrospektív, megfigyelésen alapuló vizsgálatba a 2016 és 2017 között akut
appendectomián átesett, 0–18 éves betegek kerültek bevonásra. Kizárási kritérium
volt az egyidejűleg történő egyéb műtét és/vagy a diagnosztikát befolyásoló
társbetegség (például malignitás, Meckel-diverticulum, ovarialis folyamat),
valamint a laparoszkópiával indított, de nyílt műtétbe történő konverzió. A
betegeket nyílt és laparoszkópos appendectomiás csoportokba osztották. A szerzők
a műtéti időtartamot, a kórházi tartózkodás idejét és a posztoperatív
szövődményeket hasonlították össze. A statisztikai analízishez a
Mann–Whitney-tesztet, a Fisher-féle egzakt és khi-négyzet-teszteket alkalmazták.
Eredmények: A vizsgált időszakban 297 appendectomia történt
(nyílt : laparoszkópos = 149 : 148). A laparoszkópos eljárás műtéti ideje a
„betanulási fázis” végére (2017) számottevően rövidebbnek bizonyult a nyílttal
szemben (p = 0,0003). A kórházi tartózkodás rövidebbnek bizonyult laparoszkópia
után (p<0,0001). Szövődmény kialakulásában nem volt különbség a nyílt és a
laparoszkópos csoport (p = 0,2409) között. Megbeszélés:
Tanulmányunk támogatja azon angol nyelvű nemzetközi tanulmányokat, melyek
alapján egy laparoszkóppal, gyermekkorban is elvégezhető műtét eredményei a
„betanulási fázist” követően nem különböznek, adott esetben jobbak, a nyílt
műtét eredményeihez képest. Következtetés: A laparoszkópos
appendectomia gyermekkorban is biztonságosan elvégezhető műtét. A laparoszkópos
technikára a korábban csak nyílt műtétet végzett gyermeksebészek is át tudnak
állni rövid tanulási időszak után. Orv Hetil. 2022; 163(25): 1001–1004.
Premenstruális szindróma és premenstruális dysphoriás zavar.
Authors: Kovács Zoltán , Hegyi Gabriella , Szőke Henrik
Published: June 2022

A premenstruális szindróma (PMS) a reproduktív életkorú nők egyik leggyakoribb
problémája világszerte a fájdalmas menstruáció és a nemi szervi gyulladások
mellett. A fizikai, mentális és magatartásbeli tünetek a ciklus lutealis
fázisában jelentkeznek visszatérően, és életminőség-romlást okoznak,
befolyásolva a páciens szociális, munkahelyi és családi kapcsolatait. A
tünetekre jellemző, hogy pár nap alatt a menstruáció kezdete után spontán
eltűnnek. A PMS súlyos formája a pszichiátriában diagnosztizált és kezelt
premenstruális dysphoriás zavar (PMDD). A multifaktoriális kóreredetű PMS
megjelenését és súlyosságát a hypothalamus–hypophysis–ovarium tengely ciklikus
működésének hatására kialakuló pszichoneuroendokrin mechanizmusok indítják el,
megváltoztatva az agy neurotranszmitter- vagy neuropeptid-funkcióit, például a
szerotoninerg rendszer működését. A pszichoneuroendokrin mechanizmusok
hozzájárulnak a fizikai, a pszichológiai és a viselkedésbeli tünetek
kialakulásához, melyeket befolyásol még az egyéb fiziológiai (például genetikai
háttér, metabolikus és krónikus gyulladásos folyamatok, kronobiológiai és
cirkadián működészavarok), illetve pszichikai stresszorok együttes jelenléte,
illetve azok egymásra való kölcsönhatása is. Orv Hetil. 2022; 163(25):
984–989
Acerca de las proposiciones de primera persona según Hanks. Comunicación «de se» y reportes «de se»
Authors: Vidal Javier
Published: June 2022

En publicaciones recientes, Peter Hanks argumenta que las proposiciones son tipos cuyos ejemplares son actos de predicación tales como juicios y aserciones. Ahora bien, según esta concepción que yo podría subscribir, resulta que un agente que asevera una proposición de primera persona no puede compartirla con nadie más. Así, nada parece más desafi ante que explicar la comunicación de se y los reportes de las actitudes proposicionales de se. Muestro aquí algunos problemas con la aproximación de Hanks para luego ofrecer una respuesta mejor.
Gravity-driven wet granular free-surface flows down an inclined plane: Effects of the inclination angle
Authors: Vo Thanh-Trung , Nguyen Trung-Kien , Nguyen Cuong T.
Published: June 2022

Wet granular materials flowing down an inclined plane are omnipresent in multi-field engineering. Although extensive research has been carried out to investigate the flowability of such flows, our understanding of the flows like landslides is limited due to the presence of the cohesive forces between particles and the arbitrarity of inclination angle. In this paper, we explore the effects of the inclination angle on the velocity profiles and force distribution of the gravity-driven wet granular free-surface flows in the steady-flowing state by means of an extensive discrete element method with the inclusion of the capillary cohesion law. This capillary cohesion law is enhanced by the capillary attraction force due to the presence of the liquid bridges between near-neighboring particles. The results show that the mobility of wet granular materials is strongly controlled by the inclination angle due to the domination of the gravity effects of particles as compared to the cohesion effects and rough effects of the inclined surface. These observations are consistent with the previous experimental work done on the granular collapse on an inclined plane. Furthermore, in its steady-state flow, the granular materials separate stably into two different flowing regions: solid-like and fluid-like flows, and the depth of these flows strongly depends on the values of the inclination angle. More interestingly, the inclination angle also strongly governs the density and intensity of the tensile and compressive components of the normal forces and tangential forces in both solid-like and fluid-like regions with different characteristics.
The Crisis and the Social Ethics of Finance. Selected Issues
Authors: Kucharski Adam
Published: June 2022

Background: The crisis of modern finances is part of a longer process of lack of correspondence between economic life and the common social good. It fits in with the diagnosis of an anthropological error underlying contemporary economic activities.Research objectives: The aim of this article is to highlight selected moments related to the failure of the financial system in the context of ethical requirements that should be included in the functioning of this system. Their omission ultimately leads to serious individual and social damage, including the undermining of the freedom foundations of all economic decisions, including in the field of finance.Research design and methods: The adopted analytical-synthetic method is calculated to signal specific areas raising ethical doubts. Their exemplification leads to an attempt to define the key problem of modern finance, which is breaking away from the foundation of ethical values and, consequently, abandoning the common good as the social goal of all human activity.Results: The literature cited in the study, mainly in the area of the broadly understood ethics of economic life, supports its basic thesis about the key importance of ethical values in the process of avoiding eco-nomic crises.: The preseConclusionsnt text is therefore intended to recall the meanings of spiritual goods in the context of the financial crises, and the truth that, in fact, on the spiritual level does a real human encounter and a real multiplication of goods take place
Apology As a Burden of Philosophy
Authors:   Samara State Transport University, Solovyova Svetlana
Published: June 2022

The subject of problematization is the historical forms of the apology of philosophy. Apology as a search for self-justification has accompanied philosophy since its appearance. Philosophy as a form of knowledge, fundamental experience has created many models of thought: μεταφυσική, philosophia ancilla theologiae, die Transzendentalphilosophie, kritik der zynischen Vernunft, philosophical practice, etc. The article substantiates the idea that self justification is the burden and fate of philosophy, while in the history of thought, different "paradigms of philosophizing" have formed their own models of apology addressed to different "addressees". The critical and constructivist methodology applied to the analysis of the subject of research convincingly shows that any movement of philosophy towards legitimizing its own constructs of being, reality, knowledge leads to its apology. In Antiquity, the place of unfolding the apology (justification) of a philosophical case became a judicial instance, and the form of execution was a rhetorical utterance. Medieval apologia acquires the structure of "apologetics" (defense), and the place of its creation and the addressee is a religious institution. After the end of the scientific revolution and the strengthening of universities, the apology of philosophy was made in the face of science, and its form was a reflection of the contribution of philosophy to the study of scientific reason. Since the turn of the 19th – 20th centuries, the understanding of the role of philosophy and its apology takes place in the system of "division of labor", or the social structure of professions. The apology of philosophy is made in the following forms: the study of the "context of justification" in scientific knowledge, the institutionalization of "philosophical practice" in universities, the examination and legitimization of the ethical experience of forgiveness, the protection of hostages of resentment and victimization. The ranking of contemporary philosophical experience generates a variety of forms of its apology.
A Semiotic Approach to Understanding the Sociocultural Landscape of the Region
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Pleschenko Аlexander
Published: June 2022

The article deals with the phenomenon of sociocultural landscape, which in modern conditions integrates, along with social and cultural components, their semantic components. Based on the concept of sociocultural landscape of the region as a sign system, functioning on the model of the text, it is substantiated that the development of such a concept acquires semiotic character. It is emphasized that the development of the concept of semiotics of sociocultural landscape of the region is adequate to the general logic of the development of sociological knowledge. The object of research in this article is understood as a material space, which includes a sociocultural element in its territory, where huge intersecting dynamic structures, which we define as a sociocultural landscape, inevitably line up. This fluid, spatio-temporal structure is perceived as a system of landscapes composed of different communication flows. The aim of the study is to overcome the limitations of the concept of the regional urbanized landscape and demonstrate the integrative functions of the sign in the formation of social structure and processes in the regional sociocultural landscape. One of the main results of the article, is the conclusion that the sociocultural landscape of the Volgograd region is a frontier, frontier cultural landscape. In modern sociocultural landscapes, the old cultural heritage preserved in the form of tangible objects, traces of traditional human activities and signs of global culture and modern communication, may be dominant and determine the course of many social processes taking place in this territory. In this regard, to consider the specificity of the sociocultural landscape as a sociological object of knowledge and to penetrate into the essence of the specificity of the problem under study, it is necessary to use a semiotic approach.
Tourism During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Formation of Self-Preservation Behavior in Risk Conditions
Authors:   North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, Khomutova Natalya , Vasiliev Evgeniy ,   Volgograd State University, Poltavskaya Mariya ,   Volgograd State University
Published: June 2022

The article investigates self-preservation behavior under risk conditions (COVID-19 pandemic) in the field of tourism. The practices of self-preservation behavior directly depend on the attitude to health as a value, they are implemented as a result of conscious and responsible behavior. Health is an exhaustible resource, its maintenance depends on the lifestyle of the actors. It is shown that the basis of self-preservation behavior is socialization and biological, psychological and physical characteristics of a person that determine the individualized trajectory of a personality focused on "self-project" (creation and improvement of oneself). The formation of everyday practices of self-preservation behavior is associated with both traditional patterns of behavior and personal strategies, which in modern society need to be analyzed by taking into account the latest trends caused by the pandemic. The article compares the initial "pre-pandemic" attitudes of self-preservation behavior with their current state, analyzes the process of their formation. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the unavailability of fullfledged medical care was compensated by the possibility of health tourism, which can be considered as a variant of self-preservation behavior. Other types of tourism (cultural and entertainment, event, etc.) in some cases can be considered as risky, not health-oriented practices. The dynamics of motivation of self-preservation behavior in the tourism sector in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic is analyzed. Firstly, the combination of the need for well-being and the desire to improve performance and stress relief is reviewed. Secondly, the activity of using tourist services is restricted due to the fear of getting sick with coronavirus. Thirdly, the Russians lay the responsibility for maintaining health on the state and the Institute of health care. Fourth, the focus of consumers of tourist services is shifting towards medical and health tourism, and tourist routes abroad are also being chosen to get vaccinated against COVID-19 with vaccines approved by WHO.
Models of Archaeological Heritage Virtual Exhibiting on the Internet
Authors:   Samara National Research University, Zubov Sergey , Bukina Olga ,   Samara National Research University, Rafikova Katerina ,   Samara National Research University
Published: June 2022

This article deals with the issues of virtual exhibiting of archaeological sites and artifacts on the internet. Particular importance is placed on systemization of virtually visual practices applied to demonstrate and interpret cultural heritage using open information resources of scientific institutions, higher educational establishments and archaeological museums on Russia’s Internet. Emphasis is put on archaeological heritage virtual exhibiting used both purely for research within scientific circles and for purposes of popularization of science. As a result of the study, three main models of virtual archaeological expositions are specified: collection, environmental and thematic. The basis of the Collection Model is digital documenting and exhibiting of movable archaeological heritage. The Environmental Model is realized as virtual tour and designed to simulate environments of immovable archaeological sites and to experience the effect of immersive virtual reality. The Thematic Model suggests that the subject context predominates over archaeological artifacts. The Collection Model is mainly intended for scientific community and academia while environmental and thematic models are designed for general audience. Main development trend of the virtual archaeological exposition is integration of different technologies, enhancement of immersiveness and interactivity. It is considered by the authors to be practical approach to implement the project of Samara University virtual museum of Archaeology and to conduct thematic exhibitions on the basis of the museum.
Horse Bridle Assemblage from the Maeotian Burial on the Right Bank of the Kuban River
Authors:   Kuban State University, Limberis Natalya , Marchenko Ivan ,   Kuban State University
Published: June 2022

The paper presents an overview of a unique Maeotian horse bridle assemblage from the cemetery of Starokorsunskaya settlement No. 2 located on the right bank of the Kuban river. The horse was buried lying with its abdomen in a ventral position, its legs folded up underneath its abdomen, its face turned east-north-east. The eastern part of the burial construction was damaged and collapsed into the storage reservoir. It is possible that the person‘s burial who was accompanied by the horse, also disintegrated. Two iron socketed arrowheads dating back to the 6th – 3rd centuries BC were found between the horse ribs. In the horse’s teeth there were two-piece iron bits with rigid check-devices; more than six sets of iron single-gnawed bits lay next to the horse. Two-piece iron bits were equipped with rigid check-devices in the form of short crosses, the ends of which were forged into blades with sharp small teeth (variant B). The check-devices of this variant were recorded in the Maeotian culture of the second quarter – middle 4th century BC, and possibly existed throughout the first half of the next century. However, the latest assemblages with such check-devices from the sites on the right bank of the Kuban river dating back precisely to the beginning – the first quarter of the 3rd century BC according to the amphorae containers. A group of single-gnawed bits consisted of six sets with cheek-pieces of different types. The bits themselves (except for one set) are pseudo-twisted, with a movable ring at one end and a cheek-piece at the other. Cheek-pieces with an 8-shaped widening in the middle are of two different types. Three pairs of bits are equipped with a pseudo-twisted rod-shaped cheek-pieces, the other three blade cheek-pieces with conical and moon-shaped pendants. Cheeks of these types do not yet have close analogies either in the Maeotian or in the Scythian culture, and the singlegnawed bits were never found anywhere before. According to cross-shaped rigid check-devices on two-piece bits, the chronology of the burial is limited to the second quarter of the 4th – beginning of the 3rd century BC. The set of single-gnawed bits was most likely intended for training young horses on the lane. The presence of six sets of such bits in the burial probably indicates that a horse-breaker was buried there.
The Eighteenth-Century Ceramics from Archaeological Explorations of Tsaritsyn Guard Line
Authors:   Volgograd State Social and Pedagogical University, Lapshin Andrey , Lapshina Irina ,   Volgograd State Social and Pedagogical University
Published: June 2022

The research subject is the 18th century ceramics discovered in the course of the reconnaissance excavation at the Tsaritsyn guard line, the 18th century fortification monument, conducted in 2020. The object of study is the “Rampart of the Tsaritsyn guard line (Rampart of Anna Ioannovna)” which is a military engineering complex created in the Volga-Don interfluves in 1718–1720. Archaeological work with research purposes was carried out there at first time. Archaeological explorations led to the discovery of pottery fragments dating back to this period in a new location of the Tsaritsyn guard line. The research purpose is to present and characterize newly discovered 18th century ceramic materials found at the territory of the Tsaritsyn guard line. The research methods include description, typological analysis, statistical characteristic and comparison with the material found at the well-known 18th century archaeological complexes of so-called Cossack towns along the Don River. Identification of a new 18th century location of artefacts, statistical processing, archaeological drawings of found pottery fragments, graphic reconstructions of pottery forms are practical outcomes of the study. The main conclusion of the study is that the discovered ceramic complex in the new location of the Tsaritsyn guard line is similar in type, manufacturing technique, ornamentation and statistical ratio to materials from Cossack towns on the territory of the Volgograd region (Ilovlinsky, Kachalinsky, Starogrigorievsky) which are dated by coins of the first third of the 18th century. The new archeological materials are interpreted in the known data context and supplement the currently quite limited statistical framework of archaeological finds from the Volga-Don region of the early 18th century. The found pottery types can be used to further develop a typology of this period ceramics.
Chemical Composition of Metal in Copper and Bronze Arrowheads from the Kichigino I Burial Ground
Authors:   South Urals Research Center of Mineralogy and Geoecology of the Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Blinov Ivan , Tairov Alexandr ,   South Ural State University (National Research University)
Published: June 2022

This study concerns 580 bronze arrowheads from five burials of the Kichigino I cemetery (southern Trans-Urals), dated from the second half of the sixth to the second half of the fourth centuries BC. The main component in all arrowheads was copper with admixtures of arsenic, antimony, lead, tin and nickel. The research revealed that the Early nomads’ non-ferrous metal sources changed approximately in the middle of the fourth century BC. Initially, almost all metal came from Itkul metallurgy and metalworking center located in the southern Trans-Urals forest-steppe area. Pure copper without addition as well as alloys with additive of arsenic, occasionally with arsenic and antimony were overwhelmingly applied. In the next period, there are plenty of arrowheads made of copper alloys containing lead as a component; its sources are located to the southwest and west of the Trans-Urals. The transition to new metal sources was caused on the one hand by massive migrations of the Trans-Ural steppe nomadic population to the southern Cis-Urals, on the other, by gradual decline of the Itkul center of metallurgy during the fourth century BC and by the complete reserve depletion in the third century BC. Reuse of tin-alloyed bronze items from earlier times was caused by lack of the non-ferrous metal supplied by the Itkul metallurgists. Furthermore, results of metals analysis indicate that there is no relationship between the shape of the arrowheads and the composition of the metal in them. Arrowheads of the same shape could be made of different metal composition, and, by contrast, arrowheads of different shapes were made from the same metal.
The 1st – 3rd AD Estimating Finds in the Forest-Steppe Sites of the Tobol and Irtysh Rivers Basin
Authors:   Institute of History and Archaeology Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sharapova Svetlana , Malashev Vladimir ,   Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: June 2022

The article deals with artifacts found in the Iron Age kurgans over the Trans-Uralian and West Siberian forest-steppe, which might be referencing for chronology of the Sargat culture and late complexes emerging within area under study. Our emphasis is placed on the analyses of some belt and strap fittings. Meanwhile the novelty of undertaken research might be viewed less in general discussion of chronological aspects but it brings to light quite rare examples of metal belt buckles among the well-known collections. Such finds broad our knowledge on material culture of the forest-steppe population during the first centuries AD and allow the authors’ assume on origin and time of appearance of buckles with flexile tongue as items of Roman patterns. At the same time one may presume that emergence of belt fittings with such construction over the vast territory, i.e. on the south of Eastern Europe on the one side and Central Asia and Siberia on the other side could occur irrespectively in general. In chronological aspect the introduction of buckles with flexile tongue into Asiatic territory of the steppe belt could have been no earlier than during the second half of the first century AD. Based on archaeological finds from the latest complexes the highest chronological edge of the Sargat culture might be considered as not beyond the mid of the third century AD. The early third century BC marks decline and stagnation of the culture, and archaeological sites with main, blatant features dated back to the mid of the third century AD are not found in the forest-steppe eastward the Urals. All available data testify to the fact that a relatively short-term lacuna divides archaeological materials of the early Iron Age and Great Folk Movement.
Spatio-Temporal Graph Convolution for Skeleton Based Action Recognition
Authors: Li Chaolong , Cui Zhen , Zheng Wenming , Xu Chunyan , Yang Jian
Published: June 2022

Variations of human body skeletons may be considered as dynamic graphs, which are generic data representation for numerous real-world applications. In this paper, we propose a spatio-temporal graph convolution (STGC) approach for assembling the successes of local convolutional filtering and sequence learning ability of autoregressive moving average. To encode dynamic graphs, the constructed multi-scale local graph convolution filters, consisting of matrices of local receptive fields and signal mappings, are recursively performed on structured graph data of temporal and spatial domain. The proposed model is generic and principled as it can be generalized into other dynamic models. We theoretically prove the stability of STGC and provide an upper-bound of the signal transformation to be learnt. Further, the proposed recursive model can be stacked into a multi-layer architecture. To evaluate our model, we conduct extensive experiments on four benchmark skeleton-based action datasets, including the large-scale challenging NTU RGB+D. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed model and the improvement over the state-of-the-art.
Labeled Memory Networks for Online Model Adaptation
Authors: Shankar Shiv , Sarawagi Sunita
Published: June 2022

Augmenting a neural network with memory that can grow without growing the number of trained parameters is a recent powerful concept with many exciting applications. In this paper, we establish their potential in online adapting a batch trained neural network to domain-relevant labeled data at deployment time. We present the design of Labeled Memory Network (LMN), a new memory augmented neural network (MANN) for fast online model adaptation. We highlight three key features of LMNs. First, LMNs treat memory as a second boosted stage following the trained network thereby allowing the memory and network to play complementary roles. Unlike all existing MANNs that write to memory at every cycle, LMNs provide better memory utilization by writing only labeled data with non-zero loss. Second, LMNs organize the memory with the discrete class label as the primary key unlike existing MANNs where key is a real vector derived from the input. This simple, yet surprisingly unexplored alternative organization, safeguards against catastrophic forgetting of rare labels that current LRU based MANNs are subject to. Finally, LMNs model the evolving expertise of memory and network using a RNN, to determine online their respective weights we evaluate online model adaptation strategies on five sequence prediction tasks, an image classification task, and two language modeling tasks. We show that LMNs are better than other MANNs designed for meta-learning. We also found them to be more accurate and faster than state-of-the-art methods of retuning model parameters for adapting to domain-specific labeled data.
An End-to-End Deep Learning Architecture for Graph Classification
Authors: Zhang Muhan , Cui Zhicheng , Neumann Marion , Chen Yixin
Published: June 2022

Neural networks are typically designed to deal with data in tensor forms. In this paper, we propose a novel neural network architecture accepting graphs of arbitrary structure. Given a dataset containing graphs in the form of (G,y) where G is a graph and y is its class, we aim to develop neural networks that read the graphs directly and learn a classification function. There are two main challenges: 1) how to extract useful features characterizing the rich information encoded in a graph for classification purpose, and 2) how to sequentially read a graph in a meaningful and consistent order. To address the first challenge, we design a localized graph convolution model and show its connection with two graph kernels. To address the second challenge, we design a novel SortPooling layer which sorts graph vertices in a consistent order so that traditional neural networks can be trained on the graphs. Experiments on benchmark graph classification datasets demonstrate that the proposed architecture achieves highly competitive performance with state-of-the-art graph kernels and other graph neural network methods. Moreover, the architecture allows end-to-end gradient-based training with original graphs, without the need to first transform graphs into vectors.
Gaussian Process Decentralized Data Fusion Meets Transfer Learning in Large-Scale Distributed Cooperative Perception
Authors: Ouyang Ruofei , Low Kian Hsiang
Published: June 2022

This paper presents novel Gaussian process decentralized data fusion algorithms exploiting the notion of agent-centric support sets for distributed cooperative perception of large-scale environmental phenomena. To overcome the limitations of scale in existing works, our proposed algorithms allow every mobile sensing agent to choose a different support set and dynamically switch to another during execution for encapsulating its own data into a local summary that, perhaps surprisingly, can still be assimilated with the other agents' local summaries (i.e., based on their current choices of support sets) into a globally consistent summary to be used for predicting the phenomenon. To achieve this, we propose a novel transfer learning mechanismfor a team of agents capable of sharing and transferring information encapsulated in a summary based on a support set to that utilizing a different support set with some loss that can be theoretically bounded and analyzed. To alleviate the issue of information loss accumulating over multiple instances of transfer learning, we propose a new information sharing mechanism to be incorporated into our algorithms in order to achieve memory-efficient lazy transfer learning. Empirical evaluation on real-world datasets show that our algorithms outperform the state-of-the-art methods.
Decentralized High-Dimensional Bayesian Optimization With Factor Graphs
Authors: Hoang Trong Nghia , Hoang Quang Minh , Ouyang Ruofei , Low Kian Hsiang
Published: June 2022

This paper presents a novel decentralized high-dimensional Bayesian optimization (DEC-HBO) algorithm that, in contrast to existing HBO algorithms, can exploit the interdependent effects of various input components on the output of the unknown objective function f for boosting the BO performance and still preserve scalability in the number of input dimensions without requiring prior knowledge or the existence of a low (effective) dimension of the input space. To realize this, we propose a sparse yet rich factor graph representation of f to be exploited for designing an acquisition function that can be similarly represented by a sparse factor graph and hence be efficiently optimized in a decentralized manner using distributed message passing. Despite richly characterizing the interdependent effects of the input components on the output of f with a factor graph, DEC-HBO can still guarantee no-regret performance asymptotically. Empirical evaluation on synthetic and real-world experiments (e.g., sparse Gaussian process model with 1811 hyperparameters) shows that DEC-HBO outperforms the state-of-the-art HBO algorithms.
Unsupervised Domain Adaptation With Distribution Matching Machines
Authors: Cao Yue , Long Mingsheng , Wang Jianmin
Published: June 2022

Domain adaptation generalizes a learning model across source domain and target domain that follow different distributions. Most existing work follows a two-step procedure: first, explores either feature matching or instance reweighting independently, and second, train the transfer classifier separately. In this paper, we show that either feature matching or instance reweighting can only reduce, but not remove, the cross-domain discrepancy, and the knowledge hidden in the relations between the data labels from the source and target domains is important for unsupervised domain adaptation. We propose a new Distribution Matching Machine (DMM) based on the structural risk minimization principle, which learns a transfer support vector machine by extracting invariant feature representations and estimating unbiased instance weights that jointly minimize the cross-domain distribution discrepancy. This leads to a robust transfer learner that performs well against both mismatched features and irrelevant instances. Our theoretical analysis proves that the proposed approach further reduces the generalization error bound of related domain adaptation methods. Comprehensive experiments validate that the DMM approach significantly outperforms competitive methods on standard domain adaptation benchmarks.
On Controlling the Size of Clusters in Probabilistic Clustering
Authors: Jitta Aditya , Klami Arto
Published: June 2022

Classical model-based partitional clustering algorithms, such ask-means or mixture of Gaussians, provide only loose and indirect control over the size of the resulting clusters. In this work, we present a family of probabilistic clustering models that can be steered towards clusters of desired size by providing a prior distribution over the possible sizes, allowing the analyst to fine-tune exploratory analysis or to produce clusters of suitable size for future down-stream processing.Our formulation supports arbitrary multimodal prior distributions, generalizing the previous work on clustering algorithms searching for clusters of equal size or algorithms designed for the microclustering task of finding small clusters. We provide practical methods for solving the problem, using integer programming for making the cluster assignments, and demonstrate that we can also automatically infer the number of clusters.
Decomposition Strategies for Constructive Preference Elicitation
Authors: Dragone Paolo , Teso Stefano , Kumar Mohit , Passerini Andrea
Published: June 2022

We tackle the problem of constructive preference elicitation, that is the problem of learning user preferences over verylarge decision problems, involving a combinatorial space of possible outcomes. In this setting, the suggested configuration is synthesized on-the-fly by solving a constrained optimization problem, while the preferences are learned iteratively by interacting with the user. Previous work has shown that Coactive Learning is a suitable method for learning userpreferences in constructive scenarios. In Coactive Learning the user provides feedback to the algorithm in the form of an improvement to a suggested configuration. When the problem involves many decision variables and constraints, this type of interaction poses a significant cognitive burden on the user. We propose a decomposition technique for large preference-based decision problems relying exclusively on inference and feedback over partial configurations. This has the clear advantage of drastically reducing the user cognitive load. Additionally, part-wise inference can be (up to exponentially) less computationally demanding than inference over full configurations. We discuss the theoretical implications of working with parts and present promising empirical results on one synthetic and two realistic constructive problems.
Constructive Preference Elicitation Over Hybrid Combinatorial Spaces
Authors: Dragone Paolo , Teso Stefano , Passerini Andrea
Published: June 2022

Peference elicitation is the task of suggesting a highly preferred configuration to a decision maker. The preferences are typically learned by querying the user for choice feedback over pairs or sets of objects. In its constructive variant, new objects are synthesized "from scratch" by maximizing an estimate of the user utility over a combinatorial (possibly infinite) space of candidates. In the constructive setting, most existing elicitation techniques fail because they rely on exhaustive enumeration of the candidates. A previous solution explicitly designed for constructive tasks comes with no formal performance guarantees, and can be very expensive in (or unapplicable to) problems with non-Boolean attributes. We propose the Choice Perceptron, a Perceptron-like algorithm for learning user preferences from set-wise choice feedback over constructive domains and hybrid Boolean-numeric feature spaces. We provide a theoretical analysis on the attained regret that holds for a large class of query selection strategies, and devise a heuristic strategy that aims at optimizing the regret in practice. Finally, we demonstrate its effectiveness by empirical evaluation against existing competitors on constructive scenarios of increasing complexity.
Trace Ratio Optimization With Feature Correlation Mining for Multiclass Discriminant Analysis
Authors: Rezaei Boroujeni Forough , Wang Sen , Li Zhihui , West Nicholas , Stantic Bela , Yao Lina , Long Guodong
Published: June 2022

Fisher's linear discriminant analysis is a widely accepted dimensionality reduction method, which aims to find a transformation matrix to convert feature space to a smaller space by maximising the between-class scatter matrix while minimising the within-class scatter matrix. Although the fast and easy process of finding the transformation matrix has made this method attractive, overemphasizing the large class distances makes the criterion of this method suboptimal. In this case, the close class pairs tend to overlap in the subspace. Despite different weighting methods having been developed to overcome this problem, there is still a room to improve this issue. In this work, we study a weighted trace ratio by maximising the harmonic mean of the multiple objective reciprocals. To further improve the performance, we enforce the l2,1-norm to the developed objective function. Additionally, we propose an iterative algorithm to optimise this objective function. The proposed method avoids the domination problem of the largest objective, and guarantees that no objectives will be too small. This method can be more beneficial if the number of classes is large. The extensive experiments on different datasets show the effectiveness of our proposed method when compared with four state-of-the-art methods.