bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Professional Position Positioned: The Interwoven Experience of Being a Young Adult and New at Work Analysed from a Relational Perspective of Age
Authors: Jansson Anna Berg , Svensson Sven , Wall Erika
Published: January 2024

To gain an in-depth understanding of the position of being a young adult and new at work simultaneously, this study examines the doing of age in relation to others in the lives of young adults, rather than focusing on age as a category and/or developmental phase. The study focuses on being a young adult from a critical and relational perspective of age. Based on focus group interviews with young adults, mostly women, working in retail, the aim is to analyse the position of being a young adult while new at work through age-marked relationships. The results reveal how this position can be understood both in terms of security and insecurity. Security arises in the sense of opportunities for learning and leaving responsibilities to older and more experienced colleagues. Insecurity arises in the sense of being exposed to insecure employment, the risk of being allocated less challenging tasks and being judged for failures.
Long-Term outcomes of pediatric dacryocystorhinostomy in a single medical center– a retrospective study
Authors: Ben Ishai Meydan , Sternfeld Amir , Schwalb Liat , Dadon Judith , Krubiner Mor , Shochat Tzippy , Ben Artsi Elad , Soudry Ethan , Avisar Inbal
Published: January 2024

Purpose

To examine the long-term success rate of pediatric endoscopic DCR surgery via telephone questionnaires, as determined by patients and their parents.

Methods

This is a retrospective cohort study of all patients who underwent DCR surgery at the Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel between 2010 and 2020. We performed long-term follow-ups to assess the quality of life, surgical complications, and satisfaction with surgical outcomes.

Results

Our study includes seventy-nine patients with a total of 108 eyes. The mean age at the time of DCR was 7.05 years (Std = 4, min = 0.3, max = 17.7) Mean follow-up time was 5.7 years (Std =2.5, min = 1.4, max = 11.1). Tubes were inserted for a mean of 129 days (Std = 101). Fifty-seven patients (72%) declared they had no complications after surgery, three patients (4%) reported pain after surgery, and 14 patients (17.7%) reported tube extrusion, which occurred 7–21 days after surgery. Forty-four patients (56%) reported no recurrence of symptoms, 29 (37%) complained of mild epiphora, and 18 (23%) reported some ocular discharge. Sixty-eight patients (86%) stated that they did not undergo additional surgery, while the remaining 11 (14%) reported undergoing a revision operation for symptom control. Satisfaction rate (1–7) mean score reported was 6.15 (Std = 1.6). Sixty-two (78%) reported improved quality of life, while 17 (22%) reported no improvement. Our questionnaire results have been compared with the TEARS scores with similar findings.

Conclusion

Regardless of its etiology, endoscopic DCR surgery in the pediatric population is safe and efficient, with a high long-term patient satisfaction rate, as reported via a telephone questionnaire.
States of denial: Magdalene Laundries in twentieth-century Ireland
Authors: Brangan Louise
Published: January 2024

On the first day at a Magdalene Laundry, women and girls who had been sent there had their hair cut off, their names replaced, and their possessions taken. In the days and weeks that followed, everything else was stripped from them. How do we make sense of this carceral regime? The new conceived wisdom is to describe Magdalene Laundries as places of containment and confinement, as tantamount to prisons. This paper suggests that Magdalene Laundries were far worse than the prison. I argue that rather than discuss Magdalene Laundries as sites of confinement, we should instead understand them as sites of erasure. That is because the pains of this form of detention were drawn not from the loss of liberty, but the loss of self. The article is based on 33 oral history interviews with women who survived Magdalene Laundries and archival research regarding the nuns and religious, who ran these institutions. We also learn that Magdalene Laundries were important social institutions that open a window onto Irish life in the twentieth century. Magdalene Laundries operated with an undiluted formula that all Irish citizens were expected to subscribe to: a culture of conformity that prided obedience, self-denial and moral purity.
Experimental and numerical investigation of impact behavior in honeycomb sandwich composites
Authors: Djellab A , Chellil A , Lecheb S. , Safi B , Mechakra H , Houari A , Kebir H , Madani K
Published: January 2024

This paper presents an experimental and numerical study on the low-energy impact fatigue and bending behavior of sandwich panels reinforced with composite laminate glass and carbon fabric facesheets, supported by a honeycomb core made of Nomex. The crushing behavior of honeycomb sandwich specimens subjected to the impact test was compared and discussed. Our results indicate that the carbon composite facesheets have a significant effect on the impact, resulting in an increase in impact resistance and a 157.14% increase in crack depth in the elastic region compared to glass facesheets reinforcement. This increase serves as an indicator of the laminate's ability to resist damage initiation and impact fracture mechanisms. Also, an increasing in flexural strength about 45.72% was observed in carbon facesheets honeycomb specimens compared to glass facesheets reinforcement. Microscopic illustration of the damaged honeycomb sandwich specimens was conducted to evaluate the interfacial characteristics and describe the damage mechanics of the composite facesheets and core adhesion under the impact test. The numerical approach proves to be efficient in terms of accuracy and simplicity compared to existing methods for predicting the damage mechanisms of honeycomb sandwich structures. It was noted that results of numerical study show best agreements with experiment results and the model can be used to predict the low-energy impact fatigue.
“If senior high school education is free and equitably distributed, shouldn’t we ask the children about it?”
Authors: Akuffo Aboabea Gertrude
Published: January 2024

Ghana is one of the few countries with prior cost-sharing funding approaches to upper secondary education to have rolled out a completely free upper secondary education policy. Whilst the empirical foundation of the emerging body of studies on the policy includes policy makers, implementers and a reliance on policy documents, the perspectives of children who are the key beneficiaries of the policy has remained rarely explored. In this paper, I present children’s experiences of access to upper secondary education and how that informs their perspective of the free SHS policy. Using Interpretive Phenomenological Approach as both a method for data collection and analysis, the study argues that children have contrasting views about the ability of the policy to enable equitable access to upper secondary education. Whilst children from wealthy families believe the policy enables equitable access, those from poor homes believe the policy is poor for poor people. Until the policy acknowledges the diversity among children and account for variations in tandem with the context specificity of each student, upper secondary education will remain an elusive goal to several children from poor social backgrounds despite the free and equitable aspiration of the policy.
Investigation of flexible graphene hybrid knitted sensor for joint motion recognition based on convolutional neural network fusion long short-term memory network
Authors: Shao Qin Yi , Zhang Yilin , Liu Jun , Sun Zhan , Dong Shijian
Published: January 2024

Wearable electronics have attracted have attracted widespread attentions for their promising applications in motion monitoring and human-computer interaction. This paper proposes a flexible wearable joint movement intelligent sensing and recognition system to achieve stable and reliable motion feature extraction and recognition. Flexible graphene hybrid knitted sensor were prepared by transferring graphenes (GNs) agent onto stretchable knitted products via a simple spray-drying approach. The small dynamic movement of human joints for the prepared GNs hybrid sensing gloves, elbow pads and knee pads were converted into electrical signals for sensitive detection. The convolutional neural network fusion long short-term memory (CNN-LSTM) network with self-attention mechanism (SAM) is established for feature training and intelligent dynamic recognition of the measured joint information. The interconnected conductive networks endowed knitted sensor with good flexibility and remarkable electrical conductivity of 37 S/m. The unique conductive networks in the fabric offered excellent linearity and repeatable resistance response variation for better detection of joint motion. The resistant signal was analyzed by feature extraction, data correlation capture and time sequence relationship modeling. Finally, the test results show that the proposed CNN-LSTM with SAM network achieves 97%, 96% and 100% correct recognition rates for gesture signals, elbow and wrist signals and knee signals respectively, which is obviously higher than other recognition algorithms. It has great application prospects in the fields of smart wear, medical detection, and smart elderly care.
Application of Hybrid DeepLearning Architectures for Identification of Individuals with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Based on EEG Data
Authors: Farhad Shams , Metin Sinem Zeynep , Uyulan Çağlar , Makouei Sahar Taghi Zadeh , Metin Barış , Ergüzel Türker Tekin , Tarhan Nevzat
Published: January 2024

Objective: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a highly common psychiatric disorder. The symptoms of this condition overlap and co-occur with those of other psychiatric illnesses, making diagnosis difficult. The availability of biomarkers could be useful for aiding in diagnosis, although prior neuroimaging studies were unable to provide such biomarkers. Method: In this study, patients with OCD were classified from healthy controls using 2 different hybrid deep learning models: one-dimensional convolutional neural networks (1DCNN) together with long-short term memory (LSTM) and gradient recurrent units (GRU), respectively. Results: Both models exhibited exceptional classification accuracies in cross-validation and external validation phases. The mean classification accuracies in the cross-validation stage were 90.88% and 85.91% for the 1DCNN-LSTM and 1DCNN-GRU models, respectively. The inferior frontal, temporal, and occipital electrodes were predominant in providing discriminative features. Conclusion: Our findings underscore the potential of hybrid deep learning architectures utilizing EEG data to effectively differentiate patients with OCD from healthy controls. This promising approach holds implications for advancing clinical decision-making by offering valuable insights into diagnostic markers for OCD.
A Taxonomy for AI Hazard Analysis
Authors: Cummings Mary L.
Published: January 2024

With the rise of artificial intelligence in safety-critical systems like surface transportation, there is a commensurate need for new hazard analysis approaches to determine if and how AI contributes to accidents, which are also increasing in number and severity. The original Swiss Cheese model widely used for hazard analyses focuses uniquely on human activities that lead to accidents, but cannot address accidents where AI is a possible causal factor. To this end, the Taxonomy for AI Hazard Analysis (TAIHA) is proposed that introduces layers focusing on the oversight, design, maintenance, and testing of AI. TAIHA is illustrated with real-world accidents. TAIHA does not replace the traditional Swiss Cheese model, which should be used in concert when a joint human-AI system exists, such as when people are driving a car with AI-based advanced driving assist features.
Abnormal noise identification of engines based on wavelet packet transform and bispectrum analysis
Authors: Yang Xingguo , Zhang Ya , Li Xujun
Published: January 2024

Abnormal noise is the most prominent problem for motorcycles and affects the consumers’ purchasing desire and driving experience and the enterprise’s competitiveness. Usually, the noise from a newly assembled engine is detected by manual auscultation (MA) to determine if the engine is operating normally. However, MA is also affected by subjective and objective factors with severe labor intensity, and its accuracy greatly fluctuates. Importantly, MA cannot be applied in a corporation with mass production and high-quality requirements. To improve the efficiency and accuracy of motorcycle engine quality inspection and achieve intelligent production, an online engine abnormal noise detection method was proposed based on wavelet packet transform (WPT) and bispectrum analysis (BA); this method improved the accuracy and stability of the identification of the abnormal noise engine and reduced the cost of the check. First, the acoustic signal of the engine of the motorcycle was acquired by using a free-field microphone. Second, the background noise of signals was eliminated by using the wavelet correlation coefficient (WCC) theory, and the signal features were extracted by applying WPT and BA. Third, the feature vectors were normalized before being used as support vector machine (SVM) samples. Fourth, an appropriate kernel function and parameters were selected to train the vector machine using the training sets. Finally, the testing sets were used to inspect the accuracy of the vector machines. The result showed that the training accuracy is 95% and the testing accuracy is 97.5 of the samples were suitable by using the method of wavelet packet transform-bispectrum analysis-support vector machines (WPT-BA-SVM). WPT-BA-SVM effectively identified engine fault types and provided the theoretical foundation for the establishment of an engine abnormal noise online detection system.
Unpacking the linkages between beliefs and behavioural intention for curriculum reform: A cognitive approach for school middle leaders
Authors: Pan Hui-Ling Wendy , Chen Wen-Yan
Published: January 2024

Middle leadership has garnered significant attention in the realm of school leadership research. However, there remains a dearth of research exploring middle leaders’ responses to reform through the lens of cognitive frames. This study aimed to fill the gap by investigating how middle leaders’ beliefs, encompassing varying extents of implicitness – specifically, beliefs about effort and ability, along with pedagogical conceptions – are associated with their behavioural intention for change. Using a survey design, the study collected 623 questionnaires from middle leaders of secondary schools in Taiwan. The results of the structural equation modelling analysis revealed that the deeply ingrained cultural values reflected by effort-based beliefs emerged as a crucial determinant of middle leaders’ pedagogical beliefs. These pedagogical beliefs were positively related to their behavioural intentions for change. Furthermore, the effect of effort-based beliefs on middle leaders’ intention to engage in reform actions was mediated by their pedagogical beliefs. Conversely, no significant effects of ability-based beliefs were observed. The findings hold implications for educational policymakers and practitioners seeking to enhance the effectiveness of reform initiatives at the middle leadership level.
Optimal termination strategies considering phase redundancy
Authors: Li Jie , Bai Rubing , Jia Shaoqian , Zhao Haibo
Published: January 2024

Ensuring the survival of safety-critical systems, such as airplanes and submarines, is of utmost importance, even if it means incomplete task completion. System failures during task execution can have catastrophic consequences. Therefore, prioritizing system survival and temporarily suspending tasks are necessary measures to mitigate the risk of failure. Phase redundancy is a widely employed strategy to enhance the reliability of tasks. By incorporating task redundancy, it becomes possible to successfully accomplish the task even in the event of individual task failures. This study presents a novel condition-based task termination approach that leverages phase redundancy to strike a balance between task success and system survival. Specifically, the proposed approach dynamically terminates tasks based on specific condition information and task progress during each phase. To determine optimal termination thresholds, the study conducts iterative evaluations of task reliability and system survivability. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in enhancing the probability of system survival by maximizing overall success while prioritizing system safety through active consideration of the system condition and task progress when terminating tasks.
What keeps a shoulder stable – Is there an ideal method for anterior stabilisation?
Authors: Adolfsson Lars
Published: January 2024

The gleno-humeral joint is by far the most mobile in the human body but also afflicted by dislocations, predominantly anterior. Surgical stabilisation is often successful but failures not uncommon. The following review describes potential causes of failure and highlights the need of adapting surgical methods to pathomorphology.
Delays in diagnosis and surgery of sarcoma patients during the COVID-19 outbreak in Spain
Authors: Carrillo-García Jaime , Lacerenza Serena , Hindi Nadia , García Irene Carrasco , Marquina Gloria , Cano Cano Juana María , Trufero Javier Martínez , Sevillano Tripero Alberto Rafael , Luis García Tania , Cuesta Rioboo Manuel Jorge , Moura David S. , Renshaw Marta , Mondaza-Hernández Jose L. , Di Lernia Davide , Gutierrez Antonio , Martin-Broto Javier
Published: January 2024

Background and objectives:

Social distancing and quarantine implanted during the COVID-19 outbreak could have delayed the accession of oncologic patients to hospitals and treatments. This study analysed the management of sarcoma patients during this period in five Spanish hospitals.

Design and methods:

Clinical data from adult sarcoma patients, soft tissue and bone sarcomas, managed during the COVID-19 outbreak, from 15 March to 14 September 2020 (Covid cohort), were retrospectively collected and time for diagnosis, surgery and active treatments were compared with sarcoma patients managed during the same pre-pandemic period in 2018 (Control cohort).

Results:

A total of 126 and 182 new sarcoma patients were enrolled in the Covid and Control cohorts, respectively, who were mainly diagnosed as soft tissue sarcomas (81.0% and 80.8%) and at localized stage (80.2% and 79.1%). A diagnostic delay was observed in the Covid cohort with a median time for the diagnosis of 102.5 days (range 6–355) versus 83 days (range 5–328) in the Control cohort ( p = 0.034). Moreover, a delay in surgery was observed in cases with localized disease from the Covid cohort with a median time of 96.0 days (range 11–265) versus 54.5 days (range 2–331) in the Control cohort ( p = 0.034). However, a lower delay for neoadjuvant radiotherapy was observed in the Covid cohort with a median time from the diagnosis to the neoadjuvant radiotherapy of 47 days (range 27–105) versus 91 days (range 27–294) in the Control cohort ( p = 0.039). No significant differences for adjuvant radiotherapy, neoadjuvant/adjuvant chemotherapy and neoadjuvant/adjuvant palliative chemotherapy were observed between both cohorts. Neither progression-free survival (PFS) nor overall survival (OS) was significantly different.

Conclusion:

Delays in diagnosis and surgery were retrospectively observed in sarcoma patients during the COVID-19 outbreak in Spain, while the time for neoadjuvant radiotherapy was reduced. However, no impact on the PFS and OS was observed.
Improvement in Protective Sensation: Clinical Evidence From a Randomized Controlled Trial for Treatment of Painful Diabetic Neuropathy With 10 kHz Spinal Cord Stimulation
Authors: Argoff Charles E. , Armstrong David G. , Kagan Zachary B. , Jaasma Michael J. , Bharara Manish , Bradley Kerry , Caraway David L. , Petersen Erika A. ,   for Investigators
Published: January 2024

Background:

Painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) can result in the loss of protective sensation, in which people are at twice the likelihood of foot ulceration and three times the risk of lower extremity amputation. Here, we evaluated the long-term effects of high-frequency (10 kHz) paresthesia-independent spinal cord stimulation (SCS) on protective sensation in the feet and the associated risk of foot ulceration for individuals with PDN.

Methods:

The SENZA-PDN clinical study was a randomized, controlled trial in which 216 participants with PDN were randomized to receive either conventional medical management (CMM) alone or 10 kHz SCS plus CMM, with optional treatment crossover after 6 months. At study visits (baseline through 24 months), 10-g monofilament sensory assessments were conducted at 10 locations per foot. Two published methods were used to evaluate protective sensation via classifying risk of foot ulceration.

Results:

Participants in the 10 kHz SCS group reported increased numbers of sensate locations as compared to CMM alone ( P < .001) and to preimplantation ( P < .01) and were significantly more likely to be at low risk of foot ulceration using both classification methods. The proportion of low-risk participants approximately doubled from preimplantation to 3 months postimplantation and remained stable through 24 months ( P ≤ .01).

Conclusions:

Significant improvements were observed in protective sensation from preimplantation to 24 months postimplantation for the 10 kHz SCS group. With this unique, disease-modifying improvement in sensory function, 10 kHz SCS provides the potential to reduce ulceration, amputation, and other severe sequelae of PDN.

Trial Registration:

The SENZA-PDN study is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov with identifier NCT03228420.
The Role of the School Nurse in Addressing Climate-Associated Illnesses: Heat
Authors: Bultas Margaret W. , Oerther Sarah
Published: January 2024

Extremely hot or humid days are anticipated to continue, occur more often, and intensify over time. School-age children are especially vulnerable to extreme heat. The primary acute health effects of heat on children can range from heat exhaustion to heatstroke. The purpose of this article is to raise awareness of the impact some acute heat-related illnesses have on school-age children’s health and to provide school nurses with information on the signs and symptoms of heat-related illnesses as well as prevention tips to share with parents and school administrators. This is the fifth article in a series meant to inform school nurses about illnesses linked to the climate and provide them with the tools they need to safeguard children’ health.
Tech workers’ perspectives on ethical issues in AI development: Foregrounding feminist approaches
Authors: Browne Jude , Drage Eleanor , McInerney Kerry
Published: January 2024

While tech workers are essential stakeholders in ethical artificial intelligence (AI) development and deployment, they are rarely consulted about their understanding of the development of ethical AI. In light of this, we present the findings of our 2020 to 2021 empirical research study in which we collected data from tech workers in a major AI company to better understand what they consider to be the most pressing ethical issues when developing AI-powered products. While there is a nascent body of literature that examines how AI ethics principles are operationalised on the ground, this study differs in that we explicitly draw on feminist insights to inform our analysis, and have put a particular focus on allowing the voices and narratives of tech workers to lead the work forward. Our study generated three main findings: first, the term ‘bias’ creates real confusion among tech workers, meaning that the term is unable to do the ethical work it is intended to do; second, tech workers do not necessarily see a relationship between diversity, equality and inclusion (DEI) agendas and AI development, undermining AI ethics initiatives; and third, tech workers were particularly concerned about the monitoring and maintenance of unwieldy ‘legacy systems’ that generated serious challenges to creating and deploying new and more ethical AI products. This study thus creates a ‘thicker’ and more nuanced picture of tech workers’ perspectives on the ethical issues that arise when developing and maintaining AI systems, while simultaneously demonstrating the utility of feminist approaches in the field of AI ethics.
The Making of #CovidTwitter: Who Were the Loudest “Covid Influencers” and What Did They Say About the COVID-19 Pandemic?
Authors: Jaworska Sylvia , Goodman Michael K. , Gibas Iwona
Published: January 2024

This study explores COVID-19 communications disseminated by the top 100 most followed Twitter profiles—what we call the Twitter influencing elite. Focusing on a critical period from January to July 2020, we conducted a quantitative and qualitative analysis of 6,602 tweets about COVID-19 produced by these Covid Influencers. The findings reveal that approximately two-thirds of the COVID-19 tweets in our sample originated from established global media organizations. While these sources were prominent, they were not the “loudest” in terms of engagement and virality. That belonged to powerful politicians like Trump and Obama, popular singers such as Harry Styles and Taylor Swift, and business personalities like Elon Musk. What is more, our qualitative analysis highlights how the affordances of the digital space and the context of the pandemic were leveraged by these influential Twitter users to advance their own agendas. For instance, some blended health information and caring narratives with promotional appeals, while others, such as Elon Musk and Donald Trump, engaged in political agitation and/or anti-care discourses creating a staccato of conflicting messaging and mis/dis-information. These findings demonstrate that the Twitter space is as political and politicized as it is commercial and commercialized. We conclude that digital influencers and celebrities cannot just simply be used to produce communications during times of crisis as many across the study of health and medical communication have argued. The involvement by digital influencers and celebrities—much like the Covid Influencers we examined here—in spreading information must be critically scrutinized, considering the potential for mixed motives, agendas, and real-world outcomes.
School Accountability and Student Social-Emotional Learning: Evidence From the OECD's Survey on Social and Emotional Skills
Authors: Gao (高星原) Xingyuan , Lin (林琦) Qi , Xia (夏建刚) Jiangang
Published: January 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of accountability mechanisms on the social and emotional learning (SEL) competencies of students in schools in Suzhou, China.

Design/Approach/Methods

The study utilized survey data from schools in Suzhou, China, to explore how various inspection schemes and accountability measures differentially influence students’ SEL competencies. The study employed multilevel statistical analysis to examine the relationship between accountability measures and SEL outcomes.

Findings

The study's results suggest that while some accountability measures are associated with improvements in certain SEL skills, most have no effect on or negatively impact SEL competencies.

Originality/Value

This study is one of the few existing studies on the impact of accountability mechanisms on SEL competencies in schools. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, organizational scholars, and practitioners. Notably, the findings challenge the assumption that accountability mechanisms necessarily improve educational outcomes and suggest the need for more nuanced approaches to educational accountability policies.
Endometriosis on TikTok: Evaluating social media misinformation and the role of healthcare professionals
Authors: Isaac Sarah , Acero Nicole , Kolesnikova Kateryna , Howell Emily
Published: January 2024

Introduction:

TikTok is often the first source teens and young adult patients turn to for medical information, a short-form social media video application known to promote videos with inaccurate information. The primary goal of this study was to characterize popular endometriosis misinformation found on TikTok, with the secondary goal of describing attitudes surrounding endometriosis on TikTok so that physicians can be knowledgeable about the content available on the internet, and be prepared when patients talk about endometriosis misinformation.

Methods:

The top 100 videos under the three most popular endometriosis search terms were assessed for misinformation in four categories: incorrect causes, incorrect symptoms, incorrect treatment, and other incorrect information. Non-English, inaudible, duplicated, or irrelevant videos were excluded from analysis. Videos were analyzed until 100 valid videos were identified in each search term. Metadata was collected, including whether the video was created by a physician or non-physician and attitudes toward endometriosis. Chi squares, Fisher’s Exact Tests, and Mann–Whitney U tests were performed as appropriate.

Results:

Of total, 298 videos met the eligibility criteria for review. Fifty videos were created by individual physicians and 248 were created by non-physicians. Overall, out of 298 videos, 69 videos (23%) had incorrect or misleading information about causes, treatment, symptoms, or information about endometriosis. Only 1% of the analyzed videos discussed medication management other than COCPs. Nonphysician sources were associated with negative attitudes ( p < 0.003). Nonphysician videos were more likely to contain misinformation in at least one category, compared to physician videos ( p < 0.0008). Despite the greater volume of non-physician videos, those created by physicians were more likely to be shared. Misinformation from non-physician sources was associated with positive/neutral attitudes toward endometriosis and treatment ( p < 0.00002).

Discussion:

This study reveals that TikTok hosts a high volume of endometriosis misinformation, especially about endometrosis treatments. Popular TikTok misinformation tends not to reflect traditional misconceptions, but rather modern misinformation trends of holistic health and “wellness.” Physicians should be prepared to have respectful discussions about endometriosis treatments found on TikTok without invalidating the emotions that led patients to seek information on the internet.
A Model Curriculum For New Faculty Coaches in Undergraduate Medical Education
Authors: Tippit Thomas Lance , Chi Irene , Servey Jessica T.
Published: January 2024

OBJECTIVES

Coaching is an interactive process of performance improvement accomplished by fostering a coachee's ability to critically self-evaluate, create goals, and develop a plan for action. It is being increasingly used in medical education, both at the undergraduate and graduate levels. The American Medical Association (AMA) recommends robust faculty development for any coaching program. Our institution created a mandatory coaching program for students starting in August 2022 with 22 faculty coaches.

METHODS

We used Kern's 6-step model for curriculum development to create our institution's faculty development for coaches. This manuscript describes the process of development, implementation, and early program evaluation for the curriculum for faculty coaches for the first 4 months of our mandatory coaching program. The objectives and teaching strategies are outlined. Our program evaluation consisted of immediate and follow-up surveys of faculty attendees.

RESULTS

Content in the faculty development program describing the medical student curriculum, assessment, and student resources improved faculty perceived knowledge and confidence. Specific training in coaching skills, including a simulation using standardized students was used and found to be essential. We offer lessons learned from our coaches regarding timing and content for any faculty development curriculum for new coaches.

CONCLUSIONS

Considerations for future faculty development curricula for academic coaching programs include timing of the faculty development, content consideration after three coaching sessions, and potential content additions and deletions. The curriculum outlined can be taken and immediately adapted for any school of medicine embarking on a coaching program for students.
Relationships, parental involvement, and community support: Differences in school environment for boys and girls in rural Guatemala
Authors: Evans Kerri , Díaz-Valdés Iriarte Antonia , Drummer Emily , Urizar Brenda , Crea Thomas M
Published: January 2024

Literacy rates in Guatemala range from 40% to 90% but widespread poverty and malnutrition hinder school attendance and educational attainment. The Western Highlands region of Guatemala has a large indigenous population and a bilingual Spanish and K’iche’ curriculum. This study explores how child, family, and community factors influence positive school environment, using a sample of 1590 sixth grade students. For male students, increased parental involvement had a positive and direct influence on healthy school environment. For female students, increased parental involvement had a positive and direct influence on healthy school environment. Teacher–student relationships may be a critical point of intervention.
Providers’ Experiences and Perspectives in Treating Patients With Co-Occurring Opioid and Stimulant Use Disorders in the Hospital
Authors: Shearer Riley D. , Hernandez Edith , Beebe Timothy J. , Virnig Beth A. , Bart Gavin , Winkelman Tyler N. A. , Bazzi Angela R. , Shippee Nathan D.
Published: January 2024

Background:

The overdose crisis is increasingly characterized by opioid and stimulant co-use. Despite effective pharmacologic treatment for both opioid use disorder (OUD) and contingency management for stimulant use disorders, most individuals with these co-occurring conditions are not engaged in treatment. Hospitalization is an important opportunity to engage patients and initiate treatment, however existing hospital addiction care is not tailored for patients with co-use and may not meet the needs of this population.

Methods:

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with hospital providers about their experiences and perspectives treating patients with opioid and stimulant co-use. We used directed content analysis to identify common experiences and opportunities to improve hospital-based treatment for patients with co-use.

Results:

From qualitative interviews with 20 providers, we identified 4 themes describing how co-use complicated hospital-based substance use treatment: (1) patients’ unstable circumstances impacting the treatment plan, (2) co-occurring withdrawals are difficult to identify and treat, (3) providers holding more stigmatizing views of patients with co-use, and (4) stimulant use is often “ignored” in the treatment plans. Participants also described a range of potential opportunities to improve hospital-based treatment of co-use that fall into 3 categories: (1) provider practice changes, (2) healthcare system changes, and (3) development and validation of clinical tools and treatment approaches.

Conclusions:

We identified unique challenges providing hospital addiction medicine care to patients who use both opioids and stimulants. These findings inform the development, implementation, and testing of hospital-based interventions for patients with co-use.
Artificial Intelligence and Project Management: Empirical Overview, State of the Art, and Guidelines for Future Research
Authors: Müller Ralf , Locatelli Giorgio , Holzmann Vered , Nilsson Marly , Sagay Temisan
Published: January 2024

Desk rejections of artificial intelligence (AI)–related submissions to the Project Management Journal® (PMJ) are high. This article provides an overview and state-of-the-art snapshot on academic and practitioner work to derive at potential future research topics and guidelines on the execution and reporting of AI-related studies in project management.
Durable response after tisagenlecleucel in adults with relapsed/refractory follicular lymphoma: ELARA trial update
Authors: Dreyling Martin , Fowler Nathan Hale , Dickinson Michael , Martinez-Lopez Joaquin , Kolstad Arne , Butler Jason , Ghosh Monalisa , Popplewell Leslie , Chavez Julio C. , Bachy Emmanuel , Kato Koji , Harigae Hideo , Kersten Marie José , Andreadis Charalambos , Riedell Peter A. , Ho P. Joy , Pérez-Simón José Antonio , Chen Andy I. , Nastoupil Loretta J. , von Tresckow Bastian , María Ferreri Andrés José , Teshima Takanori , Patten Piers E. M. , McGuirk Joseph P. , Petzer Andreas L. , Offner Fritz , Viardot Andreas , Zinzani Pier Luigi , Malladi Ram , Paule Ines , Zia Aiesha , Awasthi Rakesh , Han Xia , Germano Davide , O’Donovan Darragh , Ramos Roberto , Maier Harald J. , Masood Aisha , Thieblemont Catherine , Schuster Stephen J.
Published: January 2024

Tisagenlecleucel is approved for adults with relapsed/refractory (r/r) follicular lymphoma (FL) in the third- or later-line setting. The primary analysis (median follow-up, 17 months) of the phase 2 ELARA trial reported high response rates and excellent safety profile in patients with extensively pretreated r/r FL. Here, we report longer-term efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetic, and exploratory biomarker analyses after median follow-up of 29 months (interquartile range, 22.2-37.7). As of 29 March 2022, 97 patients with r/r FL (grades 1-3A) received tisagenlecleucel infusion (0.6 × 108-6 × 108 chimeric antigen receptor–positive viable T cells). Bridging chemotherapy was allowed. Baseline clinical factors, tumor microenvironment, blood soluble factors, and circulating blood cells were correlated with clinical response. Cellular kinetics were assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Median progression-free survival (PFS), duration of response (DOR), and overall survival (OS) were not reached. Estimated 24-month PFS, DOR, and OS rates in all patients were 57.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 46.2-67), 66.4% (95% CI, 54.3-76), and 87.7% (95% CI, 78.3-93.2), respectively. Complete response rate and overall response rate were 68.1% (95% CI, 57.7-77.3) and 86.2% (95% CI, 77.5-92.4), respectively. No new safety signals or treatment-related deaths were reported. Low levels of tumor-infiltrating LAG3+CD3+ exhausted T cells and higher baseline levels of naïve CD8+ T cells were associated with improved outcomes. Tisagenlecleucel continued to demonstrate highly durable efficacy and a favorable safety profile in this extended follow-up of 29 months in patients with r/r FL enrolled in ELARA. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT03568461.
Genomic divergence and demographic history of Quercus aliena populations
Authors: Han Biao , Tong Boqiang , Zhang Jiliang , Bu Ziheng , Zhao Lijun , Xian Yang , Li Dezhu , Xie Xiaoman
Published: January 2024

Background

Quercus aliena is a major montane tree species of subtropical and temperate forests in China, with important ecological and economic value. In order to reveal the species’ population dynamics, genetic diversity, genetic structure, and association with mountain habitats during the evolutionary process, we re-sequenced the genomes of 72 Q. aliena individuals.

Results

The whole chloroplast and nuclear genomes were used for this study. Phylogenetic analysis using the chloroplast genome dataset supported four clades of Q. aliena, while the nuclear dataset supported three major clades. Sex-biased dispersal had a critical role in causing discordance between the chloroplast and nuclear genomes. Population structure analysis showed two groups in Q. aliena. The effective population size sharply declined 1 Mya, coinciding with the Poyang Glaciation in Eastern China. Using genotype–climate association analyses, we found a positive correlation between allele frequency variation in SNPs and temperature, suggesting the species has the capacity to adapt to changing temperatures.

Conclusion

Overall, this study illustrates the genetic divergence, genomic variation, and evolutionary processes behind the demographic history of Q. aliena.
Effect of protocol-based family visitation on physiological indicators in ICU patients: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Nazari-Ostad Zahra , Namazinia Mohammad , Hajiabadi Fatemeh , Aghebati Nahid , Esmaily Habibollah , Peivandi Yazdi Arash
Published: January 2024

Background

Intensive care unit (ICU) patients often experience significant physiological stress. This study evaluated the effect of a defined family visitation protocol on physiological responses in the ICU.

Methods

A randomized, block-randomized clinical trial was conducted on 78 ICU patients at Imam Reza Hospital between February 8, 2017, and August 8, 2017. The intervention group received protocol-based visits, and the control group continued with standard visitation. Block randomization was utilized for group assignments. The primary outcome was the measurement of physiological signs using designated monitoring devices. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22, employing independent t-tests, Mann-Whitney U test, repeated measures analysis, and Friedman’s test.

Results

The results showed no significant differences in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, respiratory rate, and arterial blood oxygen levels between the two groups. However, heart rate in the intervention group was significantly lower in three stages before, during, and after the meaningful visiting (P = 0.008).

Conclusion

Protocol-based scheduled family visits in the ICU may reduce physiological stress, as evidenced by a decrease in patients’ heart rate. Implementing tailored visitation protocols sensitive to patient preferences and clinical contexts is advisable, suggesting the integration of family visits into standard care practices for enhanced patient outcomes.

Trial Registration

IRCT20161229031654N2; 25/01/2018; Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (https://en.irct.ir).
Providing information about medication changes upon discharge from a geriatric unit: the community healthcare professionals’ point of view
Authors: Rahuel Céline , Pautrat Maxime , Aïdoud Amal , Fougère Bertrand , Debacq Camille
Published: January 2024

Introduction

It is well known that polypharmacy is associated with adverse drug events. Accordingly, specialist geriatric units have to pay particular attention to the appropriateness of prescription and the withdrawal of potentially inappropriate medications. Even though community healthcare professionals are keen to received medication reconciliation results, the literature data show that the quality of communication between the hospital and the community needs to be improved.

Objective

To assess community healthcare professionals’ opinions about the receipt of medication reconciliation results when a patient is discharged from a specialist geriatric unit.

Method

We performed a qualitative study of general practitioners, community pharmacists and retirement home physicians recruited by phone in the Indre-et-Loire region of France. A grounded theory method was used to analyze interviews in multidisciplinary focus groups.

Results

The 17 community healthcare professionals first explained why the receipt of medication reconciliation results was important to them: clarifying the course and outcomes of hospital stays and reducing the lack of dialogue with the hospital, so that the interviewees could provide the care expected of them. The interviewees also described mistrust of the hospital and uncertainty when the modifications were received; these two concepts accentuated each other over time. Lastly, they shared their opinions about the information provided by the hospital, which could improve patient safety and provide leverage for treatment changes but also constituted a burden.

Perspectives

Our participants provided novel feedback and insight, constituting the groundwork for an improved medication reconciliation form that could be evaluated in future research. Exploring hospital-based professionals’ points of view might help to determine whether the requested changes in the medication reconciliation form are feasible and might provide a better understanding of community-to-hospital communication.
Cultural adaptation to Bolivian Quechua and psychometric analysis of the Patient Health Questionnaire PHQ-9
Authors: Bazo-Alvarez Juan Carlos , Aparicio Adriana Rocío Ortiz , Robles-Mariños Rodrigo , Julca-Guerrero Félix , Gómez Heber , Bazo-Alvarez Oscar , Cjuno Julio
Published: January 2024

Objective

Cultural adaptation of the Patient Health Questionnaire-PHQ-9 to Bolivian Quechua and analysis of the internal structure validity, reliability, and measurement invariance by sociodemographic variables.

Methods

The PHQ-9 was translated and back-translated (English-Quechua-English) to optimise translation. For the cultural adaptation, experts, and people from the target population (e.g., in focus groups) verified the suitability of the translated PHQ-9. For the psychometric analysis, we performed a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) to evaluate internal validity, calculated α and ω indices to assess reliability, and performed a Multiple Indicator, Multiple Cause (MIMIC) model for evaluating measurement invariance by sex, age, marital status, educational level and residence. We used standard goodness-of-fit indices to interpret both CFA results.

Results

The experts and focus groups improved the translated PHQ-9, making it clear and culturally equivalent. For the psychometric analysis, we included data from 397 participants, from which 73.3% were female, 33.0% were 18–30 years old, 56.7% reported primary school studies, 63.2% were single, and 62.0% resided in urban areas. In the CFA, the single-factor model showed adequate fit (Comparative Fit Index = 0.983; Tucker-Lewis Index = 0.977; Standardized Root Mean Squared Residual = 0.046; Root Mean Squared Error of Approximation = 0.069), while the reliability was optimal (α = 0.869—0.877; ω = 0.874—0.885). The invariance was confirmed across all sociodemographic variables (Change in Comparative Fit Index (delta) or Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (delta) < 0.01).

Conclusions

The PHQ-9 adapted to Bolivian Quechua offers a valid, reliable and invariant unidimensional measurement across groups by sex, age, marital status, educational level and residence.