bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS KELAYAKAN USAHA KEDAI KOPI DI KECAMATAN PRAYA KABUPATEN LOMBOK TENGAH
Authors: Nurin Arum Permata , Amiruddin Amiruddin , Siddik Muhamad
Published: July 2024

Coffee is a plantation product that is generally processed into a drink, enjoyed by almost all groups. Along with this, the number of coffee enthusiasts tends to increase, this condition encourages the growth and development of coffee shops operated by people in various regions, giving rise to tight competition between coffee shop entrepreneurs. This research aims to analyze the benefits, feasibility and obstacles of coffee shop businesses in Praya District, Central Lombok Regency. The method used in this research is a descriptive method and data collection uses survey techniques. The unit of analysis is the coffee shop business in Praya District. This research was located in Praya, Prapen and Leneng sub-districts. The respondents in this study were coffee shop entrepreneurs. The selection of respondents was determined using the census method of 11 coffee shop entrepreneurs in Praya District. The results of the research show that the profit obtained in one month from the coffee shop business in Praya District is IDR 4,377,471, the coffee shop business in Praya District is worth running from the R/C value of 1.37 and the profitability value is 37%, and The obstacles faced by coffee shop entrepreneurs in Praya District are technical, management, financial and juridical aspects.

Keywords: Eligibility, Coffee Shop, Praya District
SYSTEMATIC LITERATUR REVIEW: FAKTOR PENENTU PERILAKU KONSUMEN DALAM MEMBELI SAYUR ORGANIK DI INDONESIA
Authors: Rachmah Malinda Aptika , Barki Khotimatul
Published: July 2024

Perubahan gaya hidup sehat telah menjadi tren di masyarakat modern. Masyarakat lebih memilih dalam mengkonsumsi produk organik termasuk sayuran organik. Perubahan dalam gaya hidup masyarakat memperkuat minat konsumen terhadap produk organik sehingga hal ini mempengaruhi perilaku konsumen dalam mengkonsumsi sayuran organik.penelitian ini bertujuan untuk 1) mengetahui metode tentang perilaku konsumen dalam pembelian sayuran organik, 2) mengetahui perilaku konsumen dalam keputusan pembelian sayuran organik, dan 3) mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku konsumen dalam keputusan pembelian sayuran organik. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan Studi Kajian Literatur (Systematic Literature Review) dengan PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis). Artikel diperoleh melalui publish or perish yang kemudian dilakukan penyaringan artikel sesuai dengan konsep penelitian. Artikel diseleksi sesuai dengan kata kunci yang digunakan dalam penelitian dan dianalisis sesuai dengan rumusan masalah penelitian serta dilakukan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa 1) teknik analisis data yang paling sering digunakan adalah analisis regresi logistik, 2) perilaku konsumen dalam keputusan pembelian sayuran organik dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor determinan meliputi faktor budaya, faktor sosial, faktor pribadi dan faktor psikologis, 3) faktor yang paling mempengaruhi perilaku konsumen dalam pembelian sayuran organik adalah faktor pribadi. Dengan mengetahui lebih rinci terkait faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh dalam perilaku konsumen terhadap keputusan pembelian sayuran organik, hal ini dapat dijadikan acuan untuk merancang strategi pemasaran yang efisien untuk pasar sayuran organik.
PRELIMENARY REPORT ON TETRAMERES INFECTION IN A CHICKEN
Authors: A. Abdul-Aziz T. , A. Al-Attar‎ M.
Published: July 2024

Tetrameres was diagnosed in a free-range-reared chicken. Macroscopically, there were dark spots on the subserosal surface of the proventricular wall; small dark red nodules were present on the cut surface of the proventricular wall. Histologically, each of the nodules was a Tetrameres female in a greatly distended lumen of a gastric gland lobule.
A study discovered the role of carbon dioxide in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders
Authors: Abdelrazak Mansour Ali  , Radwa Abdelrazak Ali  , Mohamed Abdeltawab Ibrahim
Published: July 2024

The incidence of autoimmune disorders has increased with the rise in carbon dioxide since last century. Objective: To determine whether CO2 is associated with autoimmune disorders. Design: Case-control study at local tertiary hospitals in Egypt. Methods: A total of 150 patients with various autoimmune disorders, and 75 controls were aged 20 to 70 years. The exclusion criteria were neuromuscular disorder, critical, respiratory illness, and exposure to CO2, guided by the criteria of the National Institute for Occupational Safety. Patients recruited from November 2023 to March 2024, matched by age, sex, and other demographic variables. All participants were tested for blood gases. Certain cases were further tested to confirm the autoimmune status. Pa CO2 analysis performed using two methods of statistical significance to validate data. Results, Pa CO2 (Mean ± SD) was (48.18 ± 12.10) in autoimmune cases, compared to (42.63 ± 11.06) in control (p= 0.001). Number (%) of cases with ↑PaCO2= 97(64.7%) for cases, and 30(40%) for control (RR=1.6167). OR (95% CI) = 2.7453 (1.552 to 4.857), p=0.0005. Conclusion. Our study confirmed a correlation between CO2 and autoimmune disorders. The mechanism is a complex interplay between direct effect of CO2 on cell membrane, calcium “Ca2+ “homeostasis and signaling pathways. CO2 thermic effect increases the mobility of antibodies to move away from the antigens which elicited their secretion, then CO2 protonation increases electrostatic interactions between anionic cell membranes and positive charge of antibodies, thus orienting antibodies to host antigens initiating autoimmune reaction. The significant autoimmune phenomena in skin and musculoskeletal system are due to these tissues have more cells with negative charges. Pattern of gene expression to CO2 thermal effect imposes differences in mRNA gene translation with various phenotypic expression. CO2 directs pathways providing benefits to autoimmunity. A new autoimmune disorder treatment is proposed. Membrane receptors that absorb heat energy reemitted from CO2 would produce various oscillations of the electron cloud culminating in various phenotypic expression. Due to our study results, it is expectable that a new treatment of autoimmune disorders will prevail in the future.
In-vitro and In-vivo screening methods for targeting HMBG1 in RA: A comprehensive overview
Authors: S. Kalaivanan  , S. Showbharnikhaa  , T. Thenmozhi  , S. Preethi  , A. Ayisha Siddiqkha  , A. Hema Malini  , K. Rajaganapathy  , R. Srinivasan
Published: July 2024

Targeting High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) holds promise for mitigating inflammation and joint damage. This paper comprehensively overviews In Vitro and In Vivo screening methods for HMGB1 targeting in RA. In Vitro, assays include cell-based assays, ELISA, and Western blotting to assess HMGB1 release, receptor activation, and downstream signalling pathways. In Vivo, models such as collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice and adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) in rats mimic RA pathogenesis and enable evaluation of HMGB1 inhibitors' efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics. Advanced imaging technologies, including PET and MRI, allow non-invasive visualization of HMGB1 expression In Vivo. Biomarker analyses complement screening methods by correlating HMGB1 levels with disease activity and treatment response. Integration of these screening methods facilitates the development of HMGB1-targeted therapies with the potential to transform RA management. In this review we proposed certain In-vitro and In-vivo screening methods for RA.
A study on the relationship between taekwondo athletes’ psychological capital and athletic achievement
Authors: Wenpeng Zhan
Published: July 2024

The aim of this study is to investigate how psychological capital can predict athletic achievement among Taekwondo athletes. Data was collected using the psychological capital questionnaire and the athletic achievement scale through a survey of Taekwondo athletes. A total of 421 valid responses were collected with a response rate of 81.7%. The data was analyzed using SEM-PLS. The results show that the psychological capital dimensions of self-efficacy, hope, resilience, and optimism have a significant impact on the athletic achievement of Taekwondo athletes. Among these dimensions, self-efficacy has the greatest impact on athletic achievement, while optimism has the least influence. Overall, psychological capital accounts for 79.6% of the variance in athletic achievement. Based on these results, the study suggests several recommendations for future research.
Exploring the success of Indian unicorns: A study of growth trends and economic impact
Authors: Harshit Kumar Taneja
Published: July 2024

In the world of start-ups, private companies with a valuation exceeding $1bn are called “unicorns.” The term was initially meant to symbolize the uniqueness and remarkable growth trend of these highly valued businesses. Furthermore, unicorns have evolved into representatives of creativity and economic vitality, driving the development of new technologies, the creation of jobs, and the generating of money within their ecosystems. This worldwide trend is reflected in the emerging startup culture in India, which has seen an incredible rise in the country in recent years. Notably, startups like Khan Academy, and BYJU have reached multi-billion revenues in the previous years. The ventures are not just profitable but they offer many opportunities and encourage creativity through the use of advanced apps and technology. This has helped the country to become the third largest global home to unicorns after China and America. Using the data collected between 2020 and 2021, this study seeks to explain why these start-ups were so successful. Moreover, this paper analyzes the latest funding, valuations, and comparison of profit and losses for various unicorn companies in different sectors by utilizing several chart visualizations and showing multiple factors contributing to their success. Furthermore, with this comprehensive analysis of unicorns’ financial characteristics and performance measures, this paper will offer insightful information on their sustainability and obstacles to maintaining their unicorn status and for the new startups to rise in this changing and dynamic industry.
Impact of organizational culture on employee engagement: A case study of Dindigul Textile mills
Authors: M Lakshmi Nivethiga  , M Jeyajothi  , A Sabarirajan
Published: July 2024

This study explores the impact of organizational culture on employee engagement at Dindigul Textile Mills. By examining how elements of organizational culture influence employee behavior, attitude, and effectiveness, the research aims to establish a correlation between organizational culture and employee engagement. Using a descriptive research design, data was collected from 100 employees across 30 textile mills in the Dindigul region. The findings reveal significant insights into the relationship between corporate culture and employee engagement, highlighting the importance of a supportive and communicative organizational environment for enhancing employee satisfaction, motivation, and overall productivity.
A review on liver enzymes as useful biomarker to evaluate the effects of pesticides on freshwater fish
Authors: Girijesh Shukla
Published: July 2024

Contaminated freshwater through the enormous use of toxicants like pesticides is unsafe for consumption, affecting public health, fishing, tourism, and the environment. Pesticide toxicity is a global issue, with most poisoning occurring in developing countries. Pesticides disturbed ecological equilibrium and have an adverse effect on a variety of creatures, which has major effects on aquatic ecosystem. They have the ability to directly poison fish and other aquatic invertebrates, impairing their ability to breathe. Pesticides can enter aquatic environments through runoff from agricultural fields, posing significant risks to aquatic life. Chemicals from pesticides, such as lead or copper, contaminate water bodies, and affect fish and other non-targeted species including human health too. Because of cumulative qualities of different synthetic pesticides they circulate in ecosystems and may be accumulated by various living organisms and even migrate through food chains and alter the functioning of different organs of living organism. Fish covered a major part of worlds food supply hence it is essential to secure the health of fish. Biomarker studies can inform regulatory decisions regarding pesticide use and environmental protection. The liver, the most important organ of essential metabolic pathways, is negatively affected by toxic chemicals. Liver enzymes like ALP, ACP, AST, and ALT enzymes serve as vital biomarkers for assessing pesticide impacts on fish liver and blood. Monitoring changes in these enzyme activities can provide valuable insights into fish populations' health status and the overall environmental impact of pesticide use. A comprehensive understanding of how liver enzymes in freshwater fish can be used as biomarkers to assess pesticide impacts is needed to protect aquatic ecosystems from pesticide contamination. Changes in species composition, community organization, and diminished resilience to environmental stressors are examples of long-term ecological consequences. Integrated strategies, such as better pesticide management techniques, are needed to mitigate these effects.
Computational strategies for drug discovery: Harnessing Indian medicinal plants
Authors: Bhaskar Mahanayak
Published: July 2024

Indian medicinal plants have been a cornerstone of traditional medicine, offering a wealth of bioactive compounds with significant therapeutic potential. However, their integration into modern drug discovery processes remains underexplored. This study leverages advanced computational techniques, including ADMET (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity) analysis, network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations, to identify and characterize bioactive compounds from Indian medicinal plants. Through a systematic approach, we compiled a database of these compounds, assessed their pharmacokinetic properties, and predicted their interactions with target proteins implicated in various diseases. The ADMET analysis facilitated the prediction of the pharmacokinetic profiles, ensuring the selection of compounds with favorable absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity characteristics. Network pharmacology provided insights into the multi-target effects of these compounds, elucidating their mechanisms of action within biological systems. Molecular docking predicted the binding affinities and modes of selected compounds with target proteins, while molecular dynamics simulations validated and refined these interactions, ensuring their stability and efficacy. This integrative approach not only accelerates the discovery of novel drug candidates but also bridges the gap between traditional knowledge and contemporary science, fostering the development of effective and culturally resonant therapies. Our findings highlight the potential of Indian medicinal plants as a rich source of new drug candidates, paving the way for innovative therapeutic solutions.
Studi Literatur Inventarisasi Anggrek (Orchidaceae) di Kalimantan Barat
Authors: Aditya Arielda Putri , Syamswisna Syamswisna , Kumalasari Muthia , Anisa Aulia , Hartini Sari Sugi , Hariansah Doni
Published: July 2024

Studi literatur ini membahas keanekaragaman anggrek di Kalimantan Barat, sebuah wilayah yang kaya akan jenis anggrek. Dengan luas wilayah hutan yang mencapai 57,14%, Kalimantan Barat menjadi habitat ideal bagi berbagai jenis anggrek. Anggrek merupakan salah satu tumbuhan hias yang memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi sehingga anggrek sering dieksploitasi secara berlebihan dan menyebabkan beberapa jenis anggrek menjadi terancam atau populasinya menjadi langka. Studi literatur ini menyoroti pentingnya pemahaman mendalam terkait ekologi dan konservasi anggrek di Kalimantan Barat. Melalui analisis literatur yang komprehensif dapat mengidentifikasi keanekaragaman anggrek dan faktor-faktor lingkungan yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan keberlangsungan hidup mereka. Hasil temuan dari studi literatur ini diharapkan dapat memberikan wawasan berharga tentang keragaman hayati di Kalimantan Barat, serta menjadi landasan untuk upaya pelestarian dan pemanfaatan anggrek di lingkungan yang heterogen.
A trajetória da filosofia no currículo escolar brasileiro (1827 a 1942)
Authors: Silva Aldemir Barbosa da
Published: July 2024

Este artigo tem por objetivo investigar a trajetória da filosofia no currículo escolar nacional, a partir das reformas educacionais brasileiras: Império e República (1827 a 1942). A posição estratégica da filosofia no ensino secundário do século XIX, aponta predomínio harmonioso na formação humanística até a instituição da República (1889), marcado pelos avanços do positivismo no campo sociopolítico-cultural. Mas, as primeiras reformas educacionais republicanas apontam a ausência do ensino de filosofia no currículo nacional, passando a ter um caráter facultativo (1915), e após a obrigatoriedade (1925). Tal investigação aponta uma relação de poder intrínseca nas reformas do império, católicos e governo, como a influência das ideias iluministas na república, positivistas e governo, sendo imperativa a legislação educacional do país.
Introducing Heritage Languages and Variation
Authors: Pavlou Natalia , Fotiou Constantina , Grohmann Kleanthes K.
Published: July 2024

The grammar of heritage language speakers has attracted extended scholarly interest in the last few decades. While many different cultural and grammatical aspects have been discussed to explain the deviant language trajectory of heritage speakers, the variation found with respect to the different facilitative factors and criteria as well as linguistic phenomena is still investigated. With the current volume, we present studies from diverse and cross-linguistic research, following the International Conference on 'Heritage Languages and Variation (HELV)' held at the University of Cyprus in 2022.
Gender Agreement in Heritage Serbian: A First Study
Authors: Krstic Ana , Stankovic Branimir
Published: July 2024

This study investigates nine child heritage speakers’ gender agreement in Serbian, with German being the dominant language. We hypothesized that our participants will display different stages of the gender system development found with (Slavic) monolinguals and bilinguals, in which low-frequent non-canonical grammatical suffixes get to be interpreted as regular, canonical endings, resulting in attributive agreement errors among speakers. The results from an elicited production task confirm that speakers rely on morphophonological cues to determine noun gender, the lower their proficiency is. On the other hand, the advanced speakers exposed agreement patterns similar to our monolingual control group. Expectedly, the overall age was found to have a positive effect (when the proficiency is not disparate), as both older child bilinguals and monolinguals (7‑10) demonstrated a more target-like gender agreement system. Finally, our findings show that the advanced participants utilized a three-gender system, slightly simplified than the elaborate one found with monolinguals, while the lowest-ranked subjects exposed a two-gender system (masculine vs. feminine).
The Variation of Evaluation
Authors: Giannoula Mina
Published: July 2024

The essay discusses the phenomenon of evaluation and different dimensions of evaluative morphology in Modern Greek both from a descriptive and a theoretical perspective, focusing on intensification, deintensification, augmentation, and diminution. It is shown that adverbial preverbs in Modern Greek that have a degree function are used as evaluative morphemes and are categorized into the evaluative classes of boosters, maximizers, diminishers, and maximizing minimizers. The semantic analysis provided captures formally these categories. The study is of importance since it presents the variation of evaluation in Modern Greek.
Di(a)glossia and Political Ideology in Grecophone Cyprus
Moribundity Resistance, Diglossic Nostalgia, and a Sociolinguistic ‘Buffer Zone’
Authors: Rowe Charley
Published: July 2024

Cyprus holds a storied past of self-determination – a hallmark of endangerment – serving as a backdrop for the trajectory of Cypriot Greek. In Cyprus, waning minority varieties are juxtaposed with Standard Greek, as is the native majority lect, Cypriot Greek. The relationship of Cypriot to Standard is often seen as diglossic; it is attenuated, toward diaglossia, characterized by dialect moribundity; it is further complicated by socio-politically ideological factors, with Standard Greek (H) indexing Cypriot Hellenism (vs. Cypriotism, ‘true’ local Cypriot nationalism), resulting in a tension between dialect revitalization and diglossic maintenance.
Intervensi Spiritual Care untuk Menurunkan Insomnia pada Pasien yang Menjalani Hemodialisis
Authors: Hambali Fitri Hanifah , Susdanarto Susdanarto , Utami Nur Ainiyah Setyo , Aminudin Muhammad , Lazuardi Nugroho
Published: July 2024

Latar belakang: Penyakit Ginjal Kronik (PGK) merupakan kondisi medis serius dengan komplikasi yang signifikan, salah satunya adalah insomnia. Hemodialisis, terapi umum untuk PGK, juga dapat memperburuk kualitas tidur pasien. Gangguan tidur ini dapat berdampak negatif pada kesehatan fisik, mental, dan spiritual pasien. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti pengaruh terapi spiritual care terhadap tingkat insomnia pada pasien PGK yang menjalani hemodialisis. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain quasi-experimental dengan pre-post test control group. Sebanyak 30 pasien hemodialisis dengan insomnia diambil dengan purposive sampling, yang dibagi menjadi 15 kelompok intervensi dan 15 kelompok kontrol. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Januari 2024. Kelompok intervensi spiritual care diberikan perlakuan selama 6 kali pertemuan (durasi 10–20 menit per sesi). Sedangkan kelompok kontrol tidak diberikan intervensi. Insomnia diukur dengan Insomnia Rating Scale (IRS). Analisis data yang digunakan yaitu uji Independen T test. Hasil: Intervensi spiritual care terbukti efektif dalam menurunkan tingkat insomnia pada pasien PGK yang menjalani hemodialisis. Kelompok intervensi menunjukkan penurunan tingkat insomnia yang signifikan (p=0,004), sedangkan kelompok kontrol tidak menunjukkan perubahan (p=1,000). Kesimpulan: intervensi spiritual care dapat menjadi intervensi non-farmakologis yang bermanfaat untuk menurunkan insomnia pada pasien PGK yang menjalani hemodialisis.
KEY ASPECTS OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE AND MANAGERIAL STRUCTURE OF THE GCC GALICIAN METROPOLIS IN THE INTERWAR PERIOD
Authors: Грабець Юлія ,   Тернопільський національний педагогічний університет імені Володимира Гнатюк
Published: July 2024

The goal of the study is to analyze the structural organization of the Greek Catholic Church, to determine the position and functional characteristics of its staff in the interwar period in Eastern Galicia. The methodology of the study is based on the principles of historicism, scientificity, objectivity, and systematicity. General scientific (analysis, synthesis, generalization) and special historical (historical-genetic, historical-systemic) methods were used. Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty lies in a comprehensive analysis of the stated topic and the introduction of archival materials into scientific circulation, which makes it possible to clarify the main functions of the structural units of the administrative and managerial apparatus of the Galician Metropolis of the GCC in the interwar period. Conclusions. The GCC functioned on most of the territories where ethnic Ukrainians of Eastern Galicia lived in the interwar period, as evidenced by the number of dioceses. In total, in 1925–1928, 128 deaneries operated as part of the Lviv Archdiocese, the dioceses of Przemysl, and Stanisławów. As of the 1930s, there were 2366 parishes, 3039 churches, and 1940 priests within these three administrative units, serving 3 million believers. The link between the parish priest and the bishopric was the dean, who controlled and regulated the parish's activities through councils and visits. One parish priest could be responsible for 2–3 of the village, over which he provided pastoral care and cultural and educational work. The large amount of work in the parishes and the care of the parish prompted the top leadership of the Church to develop and establish a system of cooperation. A system of vacations and retreats was in place for the spiritual renewal of the clergy. In general, the functioning of the GCC was effective due to a well-established system of communication at all levels of the church organization.
UKRAINIAN CONSTITUENT IN THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE ORTHODOX CHURCH IN POLAND IN THE 1920’s
Authors: Павленко Антон ,   редакція журналу «Православний вісник Київського Патріархату»
Published: July 2024

The article analyzes the process of formation of the Orthodox Church in Poland and the contribution of Metropolitan George (Jaroszewski) to it. The process of obtaining the Tomos on the autocephaly of the Polish Church and its significance for Ukrainian Orthodoxy is characterized. The goal of the work is to highlight the Ukrainian component in the development of the Orthodox Church in Poland in 1920. The methodological basis of research is the principles developed by the “Annals” school, in particular, objective neutrality in judgments about the past, the desire to understand the mentality of social groups of that time, first of all the clergy, the specifics of their relationships. In the research process, methods of analysis and synthesis, comparative and descriptive methods of cognition were applied. The scientific novelty of the obtained results lies in the fact that, on the basis of archival and published sources, the understanding of the national identification of the clergy and believers, the continuity of the church-liberation process, the evolution of the Ukrainian national-church movement in Poland in the 1920’s–1930’s, in particular in Volyn, has been deepened. Conclusions. After the First World War, the Ukrainian population had a significant influence on the formation and further development of the Orthodox Church in Poland, as it formed the majority of the autocephalous church. The majority of the Polish Church consisted of Ukrainian believers living on the territory of Volyn. The need to have their own church separated from the Russian center was the need of both the Polish authorities and part of the church members. The process of organization and formation of the autocephalous church was started by a Ukrainian – Metropolitan George (Jaroszewski), who laid the foundation for the organization of the church in Poland and its subsequent acquisition of autocephaly. The official acquisition of autocephalous status by the Polish Church took place through the Synodal Tomos of the Patriarchate of Constantinople. This document is important for Ukrainian Orthodoxy, because it recognizes the invalidity of the transfer of the Kyiv Metropolitanate to the Moscow Patriarchate in 1686. The attitude of the Ukrainian population to the autocephaly of the Orthodox Church in Poland was an important aspect for its declaration. Ukrainians associated with autocephaly the possibility of conducting religious services and religious education in churches and schools in the Ukrainian language and opening the access of clergy and laity to church administration.
خطة آدم راباكي 1957-1959 ( دراسة وثائقية )
Authors: يوسف طه حسين أ.م. د.
Published: July 2024

اقترح وزير الخارجية البولندي آدم راباكي(Adam Rapacki) في الثاني من تشرين الأول 1957، في حديثه أمام الجمعية العامة للأمم المتحدة، جعل منطقة وسط اوربا منطقة خالية من الاسلحة النووية بنزع السلاح النووي من ألمانيا الشرقية وألمانيا الغربية، وكذلك بولندا. وفي خطوة منسقة، تعهدت تشيكوسلوفاكيا باستعدادها للانضمام إلى هذا المسعى الجماعي، وعلى وفق ذلك أصبح اقتراح نزع السلاح النووي لهذه الدول الأربع في وسط أوروبا يُعرف باسم "خطة راباكي". اعتمدت الدراسة على جملة من الوثائق المنشورة باللغة الإنكليزية تحت عنوان (Cold War International History Project) والمشار إليها اختصاراً (C.W.I.H.P).
موقف تركيا من الغزو العراقي للكويت
Authors: اياد عجاج فيان م.م. , سعاد حسن جواد أ.م.د.
Published: July 2024

حرب الخليج الثانية أو الغزو العراقي للكويت 2 آب 1990 كانت لها تأثير كبير على تركيا وموقفها من هذه التطورات كان مهمًا ومعقدًا ويمكن تلخيص أهميته وتأثيره على النحو التالي:
الجانب الأمني: كانت حرب الخليج الثانية تهديدًا مباشرًا للأمن والاستقرار في منطقة الشرق الأوسط. تركيا كانت مهتمة بالحفاظ على استقرار المنطقة لمنع أي تأثير سلبي على أمنها القومي.
الجانب الاقتصاد: تعتمد تركيا بشكل كبير على واردات النفط والغاز من دول الخليج. توقف تدفق النفط جراء الحرب والعقوبات المفروضة على العراق أثر بشكل سلبي على اقتصاد تركيا. لذلك كان لديها مصلحة في استعادة استقرار أسواق النفط. فيما يخص موقف تركيا من الغزو، في البداية تبنت تركيا موقفًا حذرًا ومترقبًا تجاه حرب الخليج الثانية، قلقت من تداعياتها على اقتصادها وسلامتها الوطنية. ومع تقدم الحملة الدولية بقيادة الولايات المتحدة ضد العراق ومع تنفيذ عمليات "عاصفة الصحراء"، قررت تركيا الانضمام إلى التحالف الدولي. هذا القرار جاء جزئياً بناءً على اعتبارات سياسية واقتصادية، حيث كانت تأمل في تعزيز علاقاتها الدولية والحصول على دعم اقتصادي من الدول الغربية. وبعد انتهاء الحرب، استفادت تركيا من تحسن العلاقات الدولية مع الدول الغربية وحصلت على مكاسب اقتصادية وسياسية. قامت بتطوير علاقاتها مع الكويت ودول الخليج، وتعززت من مكانتها الإقليمية والدولية. باختصار، حرب الخليج الثانية أثرت بشكل كبير على تركيا وأدت إلى تغيير موقفها من الحدث. انضمامها إلى التحالف الدولي كان له تأثير إيجابي على علاقاتها الدولية واقتصادها، وساعد في تعزيز مكانتها على الساحة الإقليمية والدولية.
الحياة الاقتصادية للإمارة الزيارية (مدينة شيراز أنموذجا )
Authors: أحمد محمد جودي التميمي أ.م.د.
Published: July 2024

ليس غريباً على منطقة المشرق الإسلامي ان تكون حيوية بالنشاط الاقتصادي، إذ يمكن القول أنها احتلت موقع الصدارة بين أقاليم الدولة العربية الإسلامية، وذلك لما يتوفر فيها من جوانب الازدهار الاقتصادي متمثلا بالزراعة، والصناعة، التجارة، في حين يستمد من هذه الجوانب الاقتصادية نشاطها من وفرة الثروة المعدنية المنتشرة في منطقة المشرق الإسلامي بشكل كبير، والتي تكثر في معظم جبال ومدن الإقليم، مقارنة بالأقاليم الإسلامية الأخرى التي تكون قليلة أو شبه معدومة، فقد وصفت منطقة المشرق الإسلامي بأنها أخصب الأقاليم الإسلامية أرضا وزراعة.
تكون البحث الذي حمل عنوان (الحياة الاقتصادية للأمارة الزيارية مدينة شيراز أنموذجاً) من عده مباحث، تناول الأول منها (قيام الأمارة الزيارية ) أما المبحث الثاني تمثل ب(الجوانب الاقتصادية في الأمارة الزيارية ) . اما سبب اختيار مدينة شيراز انموذجا، فذلك لأن مدينة شيراز تعتبر قصبة إقليم بلاد فارس من المدن المهمة التي تقع في الجزء الجنوبي من بلاد إيران الحالية والتي تم تمصيرها في عهد المسلمين على يد القائد محمد بن القاسم الثقفي سنة ( 74هـ / 996م ) والذي قام بإسكان بعض القبائل العربية فيها . تناولت الدراسة التسمية والموقع الجغرافي للمدينة والآراء المختلفة حول تسميتها، كما تطرقت الدراسة الى الجانب الزراعي في المدينة إذ تحدث عن الظروف المناخية التي ساعدت على ازدهار النشاط الزراعي فيها، وأهم المحاصيل الزراعية في مدينة شيراز. كما اشتملت الدراسة على استعراض الجانب الصناعي في المدينة وأهم الصناعات التي سادت في المدينة كصناعة الأقمشة والنقود.وأخيراً تعرضنا في الدراسة الجانب التجاري في شيراز وخاصة في العهد البويهي بعد إن أصبحت المدينة عاصمةٌ للبويهيين الأمر الذي سهل التبادل التجاري بينها وبين بغداد بعد إن خضعت للسيطرة البويهية، وختمنا بنوعية وحجم الضرائب التي فرضت على السلع المختلفة في المدينة.
متطلبات ادارة الازمات التعليمية في المدارس الثانوية
Authors: آزاد حسن علي الاركوازي م . د.
Published: July 2024

يهدف  هذا البحث إلى التعرف على متطلبات ادارة الازمات التعليمية في المدارس الثانوية ، اتبع الباحث المنهج الوصفي التحليلي  ، تكونت العينة من (55) مدير ومديرة  ، وكانت ابرز نتائج البحث هي ان مديري  المدارس لديهم قدرة اكبر على ادراك ومواجهة متطلبات ادارة الازمات التعليمية نتيجة توافر الامكانات والتجهيزات اللازمة لهم  .
الدلالة السياقية لصيغ الفتح في القرآن الكريم
Authors: جميل جابر كاظم م.
Published: July 2024

يسعى هذا البحث إلى بيان دلالات صيغ الفتح في القرآن الكريم ؛ إذ يذكر المعنى اللغوي للفتح ، ويبيَّن صيغه المتنوعة التي جاءت في السور القرآنية ، ثُمَّ يعرض معانيه مستعيناً بالسياق القرآني ، فهو يتتبع صيغ الفتح في القرآن الكريم ويتناولها بالبحث والتحليل معتمداً في ذلك على دور السياق في إنتاج المعنى 0
أثر تبني معيار التدقيق الدولي I.S.A 570 في تقرير مراقب الحسابات
Authors: كاظـــــــم حمـــزة حمــــد الباحــــــث , رضاء عبد الخضر حمود م.م.
Published: July 2024

أن الهدف من الدراسة هو بيان أثر (معيار التدقيق الدولي رقم 570) في تقرير مراقب الحسابات. ولتحقيق ذلك الغرض، صمم الاستبيان لجمع البيانات وتوزيعه على عينة عشوائية طبقية من موظفي ومراجعي حسابات(3) مصارف تجارية في العراق. بعدد 114 موظف، وقد تمثلت عدد فقرات الاستبانة 18 فقرة ولمحورين كما قام الباحث بتحليل بيانات الدراسة باستخدام برنامج SPSS، مستخدماً بذلك الأسلوب الوصفي التحليلي. وقد تم التوصل الى النتائج الخاصة بالدراسة الى وجود أثر لمعيار التدقيق الدولي رقم 570 في تقرير مراقب الحسابات بنسبة تأثير بلغت 35.6%.
Biostasis: A roadmap for research in preservation and potential revival of humans
Authors: McKenzie Andrew Thomas , Wowk Brian , Arkhipov Anton , Wróbel Borys , Cheng Nathan , Kendziorra Emil F.
Published: July 2024

Human biostasis, the preservation of a human when all other contemporary options for extension of quality life are exhausted, offers the speculative potential for survival via continuation of life in the future. While provably reversible preservation, also known as suspended animation, is not yet possible for humans, the primary justification for contemporary biostasis is the preservation of the brain, which is broadly considered the seat of memories, personality, and identity. By preserving the information contained within the brain's structures, it may be possible to resuscitate a healthy whole individual using advanced future technologies. There are numerous challenges in biostasis, including inadequacies in current preservation techniques, methods to evaluate the quality of preservation, and potential future revival technologies. In this report, we describe a roadmap that attempts to delineate research directions that could improve the field of biostasis, focusing on optimizing preservation protocols and establishing metrics for querying preservation quality, as well as pre- and post-cardiac arrest factors, stabilization strategies, and methods for long-term preservation. We acknowledge the highly theoretical nature of future revival technologies and the importance of achieving high-fidelity brain preservation to maximize the potential of future repair technologies. The research roadmap is available at this website: https://www.biostasis.xyz/. We plan to update it biennially. Our goal is to encourage multi-disciplinary communication and collaboration in this field.
The Level of Awareness of Male and Female Directors of Special Education Schools in Jordan about Twenty-First Century Skills from their Own Point of View
Authors: Shawabkeh Jwan Taha Abdel Wali , Al-Baher Ibrahim Ali
Published: July 2024

The current study aimed to identify the level of awareness of male and female directors of Special education schools in Jordan about twenty-first century skills. The study sample, which was stratified randomly, consisted of (81) male and female directors of Special education schools in Jordan. The descriptive survey method was used in the current study, and to achieve the objectives of the study, a questionnaire was developed, and its validity and reliability were confirmed. The results showed that the level of awareness of male and female directors of Special education schools in Jordan about twenty-first century skills was average. The results of the study also showed that there were statistically significant differences at the significance level (α ≤ 0.05) according to the gender variable in Favor of the male group. There were no statistically significant differences according to the years of experience variable, and there were no statistically significant differences according to the academic qualification variable. In light of these results, the study recommended the need to educate educational administrations and their leaders working in Special education schools about the skills of the twenty-first century and their importance in building the educational situation, and to conduct further studies and research to study the skills of the twenty-first century and how to benefit from them in achieving efficiency and effectiveness in the educational process in its various aspects.
The Reality of Electronic Payment in Achieving Clearing by Means of Electronic Cheques- Jordanian Legislation
Authors: Alsharu Ahmad
Published: July 2024

In contracts, a payment is a law-imposed obligation. The expansion of e-commerce resulting from technological development has created electronic payment. Similarly, the electronic payment mechanism needs to be cleared through legal regulation via a service provider, including electronic clearing as a form of banking compliance. This descriptive study examined the stance of the Jordanian legislator in electronic payment regulation through electronic Cheque clearing. Applicable laws including the British law were elaborated and compared, to facilitate the Jordanian legislation in the development of electronic payment systems via electronic clearing of Cheque. The study found insufficiency of the Electronic Transactions Law 2015 (ETL) in regulating electronic payment. This study recommended adding some legal provisions on the electronic payment methods and definitions of civil liability in the Jordanian Electronic Transactions Law. Also, the Jordanian Trade law 1966 needs to be amended to accommodate the data on the electronic Cheque as an electronic payment mode via electronic clearing.
Evaluating the Impact of Climate Risk Scores on Property Purchase Decisions
Authors: Ghasemi Omid , Newell Ben R
Published: July 2024

Due to climate change, the likelihood and severity of weather disasters have increased over the past decades and are expected to continue rising in the future. To improve mitigation behaviors, governmental and private sectors are providing individuals with information about upcoming risks, their severity, and their impacts. This lab-based study examines one form of such information: climate risk scores, which are numerical values that indicate the likelihood a property will be exposed to different types of hazards, such as flooding and wildfires. The results of three experiments (overall N = 609) demonstrated that individuals were sensitive to climate risk scores and incorporated them into their evaluations of real estate properties. Participants consistently reported less willingness to buy high-risk properties and properties lacking climate risk information compared to properties with a low risk of climate disaster. Additionally, participants showed consistent risk perceptions regardless of the time frame (12 months vs. 30 years) or granularity (property-level vs. postcode-level) of the risk scores. Furthermore, those who perceived risk scores as accurate, trusted their sources, and believed in the substantial impact of climate change on past and future extreme weather events were more likely to integrate risk scores into their property evaluations. Together, these results provide evidence on how individual characteristics and attributes of climate risk information combine to influence risk perception and judgment.
Hunter-gatherer mobility patterns influence the reconstruction of social networks from archaeological assemblages
Authors: Padilla-Iglesias Cecilia , Bischoff Robert J
Published: July 2024

Hunter-gatherer mobility patterns are extremely variable across the world and through time, in ways that have been shown to profoundly affect, among other things, cultural dynamics throughout our species’ evolutionary history. Unlike studies of contemporary hunter-gatherers, where culture and social interactions can be sampled separately, the archaeological record is the product of a social system in the past which we cannot directly observe. Yet, methods derived from the analyses of social networks have been increasingly used to make inferences about patterns of past social interactions using archaeological material as a proxy. It remains a question whether networks built from material cultural remains are indeed representative of the social processes that created them. Here, we use the ArchMatNet agent-based model to investigate how variability in hunter-gatherer mobility patterns and social organization affect our ability to reconstruct prehistoric social networks from artefact stylistic similarities. We find that variability in daily mobility, seasonal aggregations and patterns of migration have profound effects on our ability to recover social networks from archaeological assemblages. Moreover, that several metrics commonly used in SNA should not be interpreted in the same manner when applied to networks built from archaeological datasets. Our results highlight the fact that the archaeological record is the product of social interactions rather than analogous to them. Moreover, it points at a need to better understand the role of mobility in shaping human evolutionary patterns.
Architects of the Smart City Landscape: The Evolving Role of Architectural Engineer
Authors: Awad Egbal Mansour Mohamed
Published: July 2024

The emergence of smart cities catalyzed a fundamental shift in the role of the architect. Architects, traditionally responsible for the structural design and production of buildings, are actually at the forefront of integrating advanced technologies into the urban skyline. This narrative review explores the evolving responsibilities of architects in shaping the smart metropolis, from using information analytics and automation to optimize overall building performance to incorporating renewable energy systems and IoT-enabled infrastructure. We explore how architects are bridging the gap between physical and digital geographies and designing urban environments that are not only aesthetically pleasing, but also exceptionally green, sustainable and responsive to citizens' wishes. Through case research and business insights, this assessment highlights the vital function of architects as smart city architects – visionaries who are redefining boundaries in their careers to create the cities of the future. The review concludes by identifying the key challenges and possibilities faced by architects who are constantly changing the way we stay, work and engage in the evolving environment of the smart metropolis.
Increasing Vocabulary Acquisition in the English Language Class: Using Origami in Community Service Projects
Authors: Toro Andrés David Morillo , Yanqui María Belén Negrete , Zambrano Verónica Vanessa Chávez
Published: July 2024

This research aims to explore the use of origami as didactic material to improve the vocabulary acquisition process in children in community service centers in Ecuador. It is subscripted to the postmodern paradigm and the mixed research approach. The participants were 20 students aged from 8 to 10 from two community centers located in Manta and San Mateo, of Manabi province. The instruments used were contextual observation, pre- and post-tests, and a motivation questionnaire. The results showed an increase in participants’ vocabulary acquisition in all topics taught. The highest increase in vocabulary was 73.70% in the topic fruits and the least advanced was10.50% in the topic of shapes in English language. The contextual observation revealed an improvement in the children motivation for learning, increment in the participation, and interest of the students. The motivation questionnaire also showed a favorable position towards the use of origami to learn English. It concluded that origami is an art that contributed positively to the improvement of learners’ vocabulary acquisition in English language in community service projects.
Data-driven shape sensing of a hypersonic inlet ramp
Authors: Pollock Luke , Wild Graham
Published: July 2024

This paper introduces shape sensing using fibre Bragg gratings (FBGs) for hypersonic applications. Accurate shape sensing for geometry sensitive surfaces such as inlet ramps and control surfaces is crucial for monitoring and maintaining vehicle performance, stability, and integrity. Firstly, a simple cantilever plate is examined from which the shape is reconstructed using both analytical and data driven approaches. Following this, surrogate data is generated from a finite element model of a scramjet inlet ramp to train several neural networks. The results show disparity between measured and predicted strains, likely as the result of errors in the model or in the bonding of the FBGs to the ramp. Strain correction factors are obtained from static load testing which improves the predictive capabilities of the network under static loads but reduces accuracy under dynamic loading, indicating the need for an autoregressive component.
Conservation of the passband signal amplitude using a filter based on the Fast Fourier Transform algorithm
Authors: Dalossa Freire Flavio , Gebauer Soares Isabel
Published: July 2024

In this work, we propose an algorithm for a filter based on the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), which, due to its characteristics, allows for an efficient computational implementation, ease of use, and minimizes amplitude variation in the filtered signal. The algorithm was implemented using the programming languages Python, R, and MATLAB. Initial results led to the conclusion that there was less amplitude loss in the filtered signal compared to the FIR filter. Future work may address a more rigorous methodology and comparative assessment of computational cost.
Differential effects of GPT-based tools on comprehension of standardized passages
Authors: Etkin Hudson , Etkin Kai , Carter Ryan , Rolle Camarin
Published: July 2024

Due to the rapidly improving capability of large language models such as Generative Pre-trained Transformer models (GPT), artificial intelligence (AI) based tools have entered use in education at scale. However, empirical data are largely lacking on the effects of AI tools on learning. Here, we determine the impact of four GPT-based tools on college-aged participants’ comprehension of standardized American College Test (ACT)-derived passages and associated tests using a randomized cross-over online study (n=195). The four tools studied were AI-generated summaries, AI-generated outlines, a question-and-answer tutor chatbot, and a Socratic discussion chatbot. Consistent with our pre-registered hypotheses, we found a differential effect of AI tools based on baseline reading comprehension ability. AI tools significantly improved comprehension in lower performing participants and significantly worsened comprehension in higher performing participants. With respect to specific tools, low performers were most benefited by the Socratic chatbot while high performers were worsened most by the summary tool. These findings suggest that while AI tools have massive potential to enhance learning, blanket implementation may cause unintended harm to higher-performing students, calling for caution and further empirical study from developers and educators.