bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Construction of Ni‐Co‐Fe Hydr(oxy)oxide@Ni‐Co Layered Double Hydroxide Yolk‐Shelled Microrods for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Niu Qian , Yang Min , Luan Deyan , Li Nian Wu , Yu Le , Lou Xiong Wen (David)
Published: October 2022

The exploration of earth‐abundant and efficient electrocatalysts toward the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is critical for sustainable energy storage and conversion devices. In this work, we report a self‐engaged strategy to fabricate a yolk‐shelled OER electrocatalyst. Starting with a metal–organic framework, Co‐Fe layered double hydroxide (LDH)@zeolitic imidazolate framework‐67 (ZIF‐67) yolk‐shelled structures are formed in one step. Afterwards, these ZIF‐67 building blocks are transformed into Ni‐Co LDH nanocages to form the Ni‐Co‐Fe hydr(oxy)oxide@Ni‐Co LDH yolk‐shelled microrods (NiCoFe‐HO@NiCo‐LDH YSMRs) through an ion‐exchange reaction. Owing to the structural and compositional merits, the NiCoFe‐HO@NiCo‐LDH YSMR electrocatalyst exhibits an overpotential of 278 mV to reach the current density of 10 mA cm−2, a small Tafel slope of 49.7 mV dec−1, and good stability in alkaline media.
High‐Efficiency CO2/N2 Separation Enabled by Rotation of Electrostatically Anchored Flexible Ligands in Metal–Organic Framework
Authors: Qu Kai , Huang Kang , Xu Jipeng , Dai Liheng , Wang Yixing , Cao Hongyan , Xia Yongsheng , Wu Yulin , Xu Weiyi , Yao Zhizhen , Guo Xuhong , Lian Cheng , Xu Zhi
Published: October 2022

Metal organic frameworks (MOF) are of great potential for molecular separation, but the ligand rotation flexibility makes them remain challenging in the construction of fixed nanochannels for precise sieving. Here we report an electrostatic‐anchoring strategy to fix the rotation of 2‐methylimidazole (2‐MIM) ligand in ZIF‐8. Electrostatic inducer trifluoroacetate anchored at and blocked the six‐membered windows of ZIF‐8, and meanwhile induced the positive 2‐MIM rotated from initial 49° to 68°, thus opening neighbored four‐membered windows with a constant size of 3.4 Å. The obtained ZIF‐8 significantly enhanced the CO2/N2 adsorption selectivity from 14.02 to 332.86. Further membrane‐based separation exhibited an outstanding CO2/N2 selectivity of up to 137 with a desired permeability of 286 Barrer, which exceeded the 2019 upper bound. This strategy provides a new inspiration for fixing the ligand rotation in soft MOF for desired precise molecular sieving.
The Role of Metal Adatoms in a Surface‐Assisted Cyclodehydrogenation Reaction on a Gold Surface
Authors: Björk Jonas , Sánchez‐Sánchez Carlos , Chen Qiang , Pignedoli Carlo A. , Rosen Johanna , Ruffieux Pascal , Feng Xinliang , Narita Akimitsu , Müllen Klaus , Fasel Roman
Published: October 2022

Dehydrogenation reactions are key steps in many metal‐catalyzed chemical processes and in the on‐surface synthesis of atomically precise nanomaterials. The principal role of the metal substrate in these reactions is undisputed, but the role of metal adatoms remains, to a large extent, unanswered, particularly on gold substrates. Here, we discuss their importance by studying the surface‐assisted cyclodehydrogenation on Au(111) as an ideal model case. We choose a polymer theoretically predicted to give one of two cyclization products depending on the presence or absence of gold adatoms. Scanning probe microscopy experiments observe only the product associated with adatoms. We challenge the prevalent understanding of surface‐assisted cyclodehydrogenation, unveiling the catalytic role of adatoms and their effect on regioselectivity. The study adds new perspectives to the understanding of metal catalysis and the design of on‐surface synthesis protocols for novel carbon nanomaterials.
Side‐Chain Control of Topochemical Polymer Single Crystals with Tunable Elastic Modulus
Authors: Wei Zitang , Wang Xiaokang , Seo Bumjoon , Luo Xuyi , Hu Qixuan , Jones Jack , Zeller Matthias , Wang Kang , Savoie Brett M. , Zhao Kejie , Dou Letian
Published: October 2022

Topochemical polymerizations hold the promise of producing high molecular weight and stereoregular single crystalline polymers by first aligning monomers before polymerization. However, monomer modifications often alter the crystal packing and result in non‐reactive polymorphs. Here, we report a systematic study on the side chain functionalization of the bis(indandione) derivative system that can be polymerized under visible light. Precisely engineered side chains help organize the monomer crystals in a one‐dimensional fashion to maintain the topochemical reactivity. By optimizing the side chain length and end group of monomers, the elastic modulus of the resulting polymer single crystals can also be greatly enhanced. Lastly, using ultrasonication, insoluble polymer single crystals can be processed into free‐standing and robust polymer thin films. This work provides new insights on the molecular design of topochemical reactions and paves the way for future applications of this fascinating family of materials.
Organic Electrolyte Design for Rechargeable Batteries: From Lithium to Magnesium
Authors: Zhang Heng , Qiao Lixin , Armand Michel
Published: October 2022

Rechargeable magnesium batteries (RMBs) have been considered as one of the most viable battery chemistries amongst the “post” lithium‐ion battery (LIB) technologies owing to their high volumetric capacity and the natural abundance of their key elements. The fundamental properties of Mg‐ion conducting electrolytes are of essence to regulate the overall performance of RMBs. In this Review, the basic electrochemistry of Mg‐ion conducting electrolytes batteries is discussed and compared to that of the Li‐ion conducting electrolytes, and a comprehensive overview of the development of different Mg‐ion conducting electrolytes is provided. In addition, the remaining challenges and possible solutions for future research are intensively discussed. The present work is expected to give an impetus to inspire the discovery of key electrolytes and thereby improve the electrochemical performances of RMBs and other related emerging battery technologies.
A skin patch integrating swellable microneedles and electrochemical test strips for glucose and alcohol measurement in skin interstitial fluid
Authors: Zheng Mengjia , Zhang Yuyue , Hu Tianli , Xu Chenjie
Published: October 2022

Microneedle (MN)‐based diagnostic devices can efficiently access skin interstitial fluid (ISF) for accurate and minimally invasive detection of health‐related biomarkers. This work reports a biomarker (i.e., glucose or alcohol) monitoring MN device that is composed of swellable MNs and electrochemical test strip. This device is constructed by adhering MN patch on the electrochemical strips using the chitosan as the connecting layer. The MNs penetrate the skin for extraction of ISF that flows to the backing layer of MNs and is analyzed by the test strip. In the in vitro skin models, this device accurately detects the glucose from 0 mM to 12 mM and alcohol from 0 mM to 20 mM. In vivo experiment shows this MN device is capable of minimally invasive sampling of ISF and analysis of glucose levels to determine the glycemic status of mice.
High MutS homolog 2 expression predicts poor prognosis and is related to immune infiltration in endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Lu Xiaoqin , Ying Yanqi , Zhang Wenyi , Li Rui , Zhang Jingyan
Published: October 2022

Several studies have shown that MutS homolog 2 (MSH2) is highly expressed in many cancer tissues. Transcriptome expression data were collected from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. We analyzed the expression of MSH2 in normal and tumor tissues, the relationship between MSH2 expression and various prognostic factors, and the relationship between MSH2 expression and overall survival, disease specific survival, and progression free interval. We also examined MSH2 promoter methylation between endometrial cancer and normal endometrial tissues, and identified the prognostic value of MSH2 methylation in endometrial cancer. MSH2 was highly expressed in endometrial cancer tumor tissues compared with normal tissues. High MSH2 expression might be an independent prognostic factor for OS, DSS, and PFI. Further, high MSH2 expression was correlated with age and histological type, but not with BMI, clinical stage, tumor invasion, or other clinical features. MSH2 promoter methylation in endometrial cancer was significantly lower than in normal tissues. Additionally, MSH2 levels, OS, DSS, and PFI were associated with BMI, age, tumor invasion, and histological type. ssGSEA showed that MSH2 expression was positively correlated with the infiltration of Th2 cells, Tcm cells, T helper cells, and Tgd cells, whereas it was negatively correlated with NK CD56 bright cells, pDC cells, iDC cells, cytotoxic cells, and neutrophils. Increased MSH2 expression and reduced MSH2 methylation in endometrial cancer predicts poor prognosis. MSH2 may be used as a biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of endometrial cancer and as an immunotherapy target.
Parietal bone osteoid osteoma: A rare cause of button sequestrum sign in pediatrics. Case report and review of literature
Authors: Mehri Ali , SeilanianToosi Farrokh , Samini Fariborz , Akhondian Javad , Khooei Ali Reza , Hashemi Narges
Published: October 2022

The current study evaluates a rare case of parietal bone osteoid osteoma in pediatrics and review the differential diagnosis of button sequestrum sign in the literature. A 12‐year‐old girl expressed localized pain in the right parietal bone. MRI represented enhancing nodule with button sequestrum sign appearance.
Acral blisters in neonates: Three rare and benign diseases
Authors: Rekik Mariem , Regaieg Chiraz , Sellami Khadija , Khanfir Habiba , Kolsi Nadia , Baklouti Massara , Amouri Mariem , Masmoudi Abderrahman , Ben Thabet Afef , Gargouri Abdellatif , Turki Hamida
Published: October 2022

Exclusive acral involvement in neonatal pemphigus is unusual. Blisters in neonatal bullous pemphigoid, affecting 2%–3% of newborns of mothers with gestational pemphigoid, can be located in the trunk, limbs and acral areas. Unlike neonatal bullous pemphigoid, which can appear up to 5 days after birth, neonatal pemphigus is often revealed at birth. They are benign diseases in newborns. There is no correlation between the disease severity in babies and mothers. Neonatal risk is dominated by the side effects of corticosteroid therapy.
Omphalolith: An underdiagnosed entity
Authors: Jouini Wafa , Litaiem Noureddine , Zaimi Yosra , Mouelhi Leila , Debbeche Radhouane , Zeglaoui Faten
Published: October 2022

Omphalolith is a rare and underdiagnosed entity due to the accumulation of sebum and keratin in the umbilicus. It usually occurs in the elderly with deep and narrow umbilicus. Early recognition of omphalolith is important to prevent complications, unnecessary investigations, and anxiety. We report herein two new cases of omphalolith.
Telemedicine allows for effective communication between a medically complex cancer patient and his virtual hospital medical team
Authors: Paulson Margaret R. , Torres‐Guzman Ricardo A. , Avila Francisco R. , Maita Karla C. , Forte Antonio J. , Butera Julie E. , Maniaci Michael J.
Published: October 2022

Good physician–patient communication is key for effective hospital care. We describe a patient diagnosed with an acute pulmonary embolism and bacteremia who was treated in a virtual hybrid hospital‐at‐home program. Constant communication with the virtual and in‐home healthcare teams enabled a unified knowledge of the patient's wishes.
Regioselectivity Inversion of an O‐Methyltransferase via Semi‐rational Mutagenesis Combined with Metal Ion Substitution
Authors: Su Ying , Li Hai‐Peng , Zhang Man , Ding Xu‐Wei , Xu Jian‐He , Chen Qi , Zheng Gao‐Wei
Published: October 2022

S‐adenosyl‐L‐methionine (SAM)‐dependent O‐methyltransferases (O‐MTs) are a class of valuable and attractive biocatalysts for alkylation of catechols. In this work, an O‐methyltransferase (GeOMT) from the plant Galanthus elwesii was identified and characterised. GeOMT methylated a series of catechols with excellent regioselectivity. Moreover, a strategy was developed that combines structure‐directed protein engineering and metal ion substitution for regioselective inversion of GeOMT. The resultant W50M/A53N/Y186K triple variant preferentially coordinated Ni2+ instead of Mg2+ and displayed almost complete inversion in regioselectivity from 1 : 99 to 94 : 6 (para/meta) for 4‐nitrocatechol, the para‐methylated product of which is a vital plant growth regulator. This represents a promising strategy for regioselectivity improvement of O‐MTs.
Enhancement of the Photocatalytic Oxygen Production by Tantalum Nitride Supported Fe Atom Embedded N‐Doped Graphene Oxide†
Authors: Chen Hanxiang , Yan Jia , Mo Zhao , Liu Jinyuan , Zhu Xianglin , Li Huaming , Xu Hui
Published: October 2022

Comprehensive Summary

Energy crises and environmental pollution have become urgent problems with human civilization development. Photocatalysis technology is a green method to deal with these challenges. The key to improve photocatalytic efficiency lies in the effective separation of photogenerated electron–hole pairs. In this work, we designed the Fe atom embedded N‐doped graphene oxide (Fe‐NGO) supporting on tantalum nitride (Ta3N5) catalyst, which was employed to improve the photocatalytic oxygen production activity. The oxygen production of 5 wt% Fe atom embedded N‐doped graphene oxide supporting on tantalum nitride (Fe‐NGO/Ta3N5) was 184.7 μmol·g−1, about 3.5 times higher than that of the pure Ta3N5. The introduction of the cocatalyst Fe‐NGO acting as an electron conductor in the Fe‐NGO/Ta3N5 accelerates the carrier migration of Ta3N5 and further enhances the photocatalytic oxygen production activity. N‐doping increases the conductivity of graphene oxide (GO), and Fe atoms are used as the reactive sites to promote the combination of electron and sacrificial agent in the system. This work may provide insights into the research of new carbon cocatalyst materials.
Deep targeted sequencing of cytological tumor cells using whole genome amplification
Authors: Amemiya Kenji , Hirotsu Yosuke , Mochizuki Hitoshi , Higuchi Rumi , Nakagomi Takahiro , Goto Taichiro , Oyama Toshio , Kondo Tetsuo , Omata Masao
Published: October 2022

Background

Genomic profiling in lung cancer is essential for precision medicine. Cytological specimens provide an alternative to formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) samples for comprehensive genomic analysis. However, this approach remains challenging when a limited number of tumor cells are available. We applied whole genome amplification (WGA) to cytology specimens to overcome this limitation.

Methods

Using a lung cancer panel targeting 58 genes, we performed next‐generation sequencing of whole genome‐amplified DNA extracted from cytological specimens containing 10–20 tumor cells (cyto‐WGA) and DNA from corresponding FFPE tumor tissue. We compared sequencing data from cyto‐WGA and FFPE samples to examine the detection accuracy of copy number variations and oncogenic and drug‐matched variants.

Results

The DNA quality and quantity from cyto‐WGA were higher than those from FFPE samples (p < .0005 and p < .05, respectively). Sequencing metrics of cyto‐WGA and FFPE tissues showed no difference in the number of mapped reads and mean coverage depth, but there were significant differences in the on‐target rate (p < .05) and uniformity (p < .0005). Copy number variations in cyto‐WGA samples (n = 211) were higher than in FFPE samples (n = 9) (p < .0001). Fourty nine oncogenic variants were detected in cyto‐WGA and 39 in FFPE. Of these variants, 34 (63%) were present in both samples. In addition, all 16 drug‐matched variants were detected in FFPE and cyto‐WGA samples with 100% concordance.

Conclusion

Cyto‐WGA can be a feasible and alternative method to detect oncogenic and drug‐matched variants.
First‐in‐Human Study of the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of E6742, a Dual Antagonist of Toll‐like Receptors 7 and 8, in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Yamakawa Naoto , Tago Fumitoshi , Nakai Kenya , Kitahara Yasumi , Ikari Shingo , Hojo Seiichiro , Hall Nancy , Aluri Jagadeesh , Hussein Ziad , Gevorkyan Hakop , Maruyama Tatsuya , Ishizaka Sally , Yagi Takuya
Published: October 2022

The first‐in‐human phase I study for E6742, a dual toll‐like receptor (TLR) 7 and TLR8 antagonist, has been conducted to assess the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of E6742 in healthy volunteers. In a single ascending dose (SAD) study, 42 subjects received 10–800 mg of E6742 in the fasted state, as well as a 100‐mg cohort in the fed state for evaluating the effect of food. In a multiple ascending dose (MAD) study, 18 subjects received 100–400 mg of E6742 twice daily for 7 days. E6742 was rapidly absorbed with a median tmax ranging from 1.50 to 2.50 hours across dose groups under the fasted condition, and eliminated with a median t½ ranging from 2.37 to 14.4 hours. After multiple oral doses, a steady state was reached by day 7. In the SAD study, dose proportionality was observed for Cmax, AUC(0‐t), and AUC(0‐inf) values of E6742 up to 800 mg, but these values were slightly less than dose proportional at 10 mg. In the MAD study, the Cmax and AUC(0‐12h)ss of E6742 appeared to be almost dose proportionally increased between 100 and 200 mg, while these parameters showed more than a dose proportional increase at 400 mg. In addition to safety and good tolerability, this study demonstrated cytokine concentrations in cultured peripheral blood in response to E6742 were suppressed in a dose‐dependent manner. Further clinical studies targeting systemic lupus erythematosus patients are currently underway.
Elucidating the Implications of Diverse Dynamical Responses in p53 Protein
Authors: Charan Kajal , Giri Amitava , Kar Sandip
Published: October 2022

p53 is a well‐known tumor suppressor gene that acts as a transcription factor to exhibit a variety of dynamical responses by sensing different types and extent of stress conditions causing DNA damage in Mammalian cells. Mathematical modeling has played a crucial role to correlate cell fate decision‐making with some of these dynamic p53 regulations. However, it is extremely challenging to explain the various cell‐type and stimulus‐specific p53 protein dynamics under different stress conditions by using a single mathematical model. In this article, we propose a simple mathematical model of p53 regulation based on a generic p53 regulatory network that elucidates a range of p53 dynamical responses. By employing bifurcation analysis along with deterministic and stochastic simulations, we explain an array of p53 dynamics by correlating it with the corresponding cell fate regulations in a cell type‐specific and stimulus‐dependent manner. Moreover, our model makes experimentally testable predictions to fine‐tune p53 dynamics under various DNA damage conditions and can be systematically used and improved to analyze complex p53 dynamics in the future.
Thermal damage and excision time of micro and super pulsed diode lasers: A comparative ex vivo analysis
Authors: Prado Mariliza C. O. , Nwizu Ngozi N. , Patel Shalizeh A. , Streckfus Charles F. , Zezell Denise Maria , Barros Juliana
Published: October 2022

Objectives

The primary aim of this ex vivo study was to evaluate thermal damage and cutting efficiency of micro and super pulsed diode lasers. The secondary aim was to suggest a guideline to perform simple surgical excisions adequate for histopathological evaluation.

Material and Methods

Ten groups of 10 specimens of pig tongues were excised using a blade (G1), a micro pulsed (G2–G9), and a super pulsed diode (G10) lasers. Different output power, pulse duration, pulse interval, and duty cycle were tested. Quantitative measures of thermal damage and excision times were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed at a significance level of 5%.

Results

The control group (G1) presented no thermal damage. Within the laser groups (G2–G10), no statistically significant differences in depth of thermal damage (µm) were noted. G3 showed significantly less area of thermal damage (mm2) when compared with G7 and G9 (p < .05). The median excision time of the control group and super pulsed diode laser group were significantly lower (p < .001) than the micro pulsed diode laser groups.

Conclusions

The cutting efficiency of the super pulsed diode laser is comparable to traditional blade, and with appropriate parameters, these lasers can produce predictable surgical outcomes with less collateral damage.
SIRT1/Notch1 signal axis involves in the promoting effect of Segetalin B on bone formation
Authors: Lan Xiaoyong , Ma Haiping , Cheng Qingfeng , Xiao Yuhong , Zou Lingfeng , Yuan Zhen , Luo Jun
Published: October 2022

Phytoestrogens are a class of potential natural medicines for treating postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP). Segetalin B (SB) is a cyclic peptide compound showing estrogenic activity. This study reports the effect of SB on bone formation among ovariectomized (OVX) rats. The bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) from OVX rats were cultured in vitro. Alizarin Red staining was utilized to observe the effect of SB on the mineralization of BMSCs. The levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP‐2), and Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) activities were detected. The OVX rats were treated with SB in vivo. Micro‐CT was utilized for imaging analysis. Urine calcium and phosphorus, and ALP activity in bone marrow were assayed. Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence were incorporated to detect protein expressions in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that SB dose‐dependently promoted mineralization of OVX rat‐derived BMSCs in vitro increased the level of Osteocalcin, BMP‐2, ALP, and SIRT1 activity. Moreover, it upregulated expressions of Runx2, Osterix, and SIRT1, downregulated expressions of Notch intracellular domain (NICD), acetyl‐NICD, and hairy and enhancer of split 1 (Hes1). In addition, SB treatment significantly decreased bone loss, inhibited calcium and phosphorus loss, elevated ALP activity, upregulated Runx2, Osterix, and SIRT1, and downregulated NICD and Hes1 in OVX rats in vivo. However, EX527, a SIRT1‐selective inhibitor, could reverse the above effects of SB in vitro or in vivo. These results indicate that SB is a potential natural medicine to improve PMOP. Thus, its mechanism of promoting bone formation involves the SIRT1/Notch1 signaling axis.
The HSP90 inhibitor 17‐AAG induced calcium‐mediated apoptosis in filarial parasites
Authors: Ahmad Faiyaz , Sharma Shweta , Yadav Smita , Rathaur Sushma
Published: October 2022

The available antifilarial medications are effective only against the larval stage of the filarial parasite. As a result, there is a pressing need for an adulticidal drug. The development of drugs requires the identification of molecular targets that are critical for parasite life. In this study, we observed the effect of 17‐N‐allyl‐17‐demethoxygeldanamycin on the survival of adult filarial parasites. The 17‐N‐allyl‐17‐demethoxygeldanamycin (17‐AAG) is a derivative of geldanamycin (GA), which is an inhibitor of heat shock protein (HSP)90. It is less toxic as compared to geldanamycin. The motility and viability of the adult filarial parasite Setaria cervi were decreased on exposure to 17‐AAG at 2.5 and 5.0 μM/ml concentrations. The 17‐AAG treated parasites showed induction of oxidative stress as evidenced by decreased activity of various antioxidant enzymes like glutathione s‐transferase, glutathione reductase, thioredoxin reductase, and an increase in ROS production in comparison to control. Oxidative stress may lead to altered calcium homeostasis. Indeed, in 17‐AAG treated worms, there was a rise in calcium in the cytosol and mitochondria, as well as a decrease in the ER. We also observed enhanced activity of phospholipase C in the treated parasite, suggesting the opening of calcium channels located on the ER membrane. ER stress is marked by a reduced level of protein disulfide isomerase. Further, 17‐AAG treated worms showed an increase in apoptotic marker enzyme activities like calpain, cyt‐c, and caspase‐3. The 2D‐gel electrophoresis technique showed 142 protein spots in the control and 112 spots in the 17‐AAG treated parasite. Thus, 17‐AAG induced oxidative stress, and altered calcium, and proteostasis of parasites, which led to apoptosis.
Pleistocene–Holocene vicariance, not Anthropocene landscape change, explains the genetic structure of American black bear (Ursus americanus) populations in the American Southwest and northern Mexico
Authors: Gould Matthew J. , Cain James W. , Atwood Todd C. , Harding Larisa E. , Johnson Heather E. , Onorato Dave P. , Winslow Frederic S. , Roemer Gary W.
Published: October 2022

The phylogeography of the American black bear (Ursus americanus) is characterized by isolation into glacial refugia, followed by population expansion and genetic admixture. Anthropogenic activities, including overharvest, habitat loss, and transportation infrastructure, have also influenced their landscape genetic structure. We describe the genetic structure of the American black bear in the American Southwest and northern Mexico and investigate how prehistoric and contemporary forces shaped genetic structure and influenced gene flow. Using a suite of microsatellites and a sample of 550 bears, we identified 14 subpopulations organized hierarchically following the distribution of ecoregions and mountain ranges containing black bear habitat. The pattern of subdivision we observed is more likely a product of postglacial habitat fragmentation during the Pleistocene and Holocene, rather than a consequence of contemporary anthropogenic barriers to movement during the Anthropocene. We used linear mixed‐effects models to quantify the relationship between landscape resistance and genetic distance among individuals, which indicated that both isolation by resistance and geographic distance govern gene flow. Gene flow was highest among subpopulations occupying large tracts of contiguous habitat, was reduced among subpopulations in the Madrean Sky Island Archipelago, where montane habitat exists within a lowland matrix of arid lands, and was essentially nonexistent between two isolated subpopulations. We found significant asymmetric gene flow supporting the hypothesis that bears expanded northward from a Pleistocene refugium located in the American Southwest and northern Mexico and that major highways were not yet affecting gene flow. The potential vulnerability of the species to climate change, transportation infrastructure, and the US–Mexico border wall highlights conservation challenges and opportunities for binational collaboration.
Reintroduced megaherbivores indirectly shape small‐mammal responses to moonlight
Authors: Guiden P. W. , Burke Angela , Fliginger Jessica , Rowland‐Schaefer Erin G. , Savage Kirstie , Jones Holly P.
Published: October 2022

Moonlight structures activity patterns of many nocturnal species. Bright moonlight often limits the activity of nocturnal prey, but dense vegetation weakens this effect. Using 8 years of live‐trapping data, we asked whether reintroduced megaherbivores (Bison bison) indirectly altered moonlight avoidance by small mammals in tallgrass prairies. In plots with bison, plants intercepted 20% less light, allowing more moonlight to reach ground level. During nights with no moonlight, Peromyscus maniculatus activity was similar in plots with and without bison. During nights with peak moonlight, P. maniculatus activity was four times greater in plots without bison compared to plots with bison. Conversely, Microtus ochrogaster activity was twice as great during full moons compared to new moons, but only in plots with bison. We also equipped a subset of traps with temperature sensors to estimate trap‐entry time. Although M. ochrogaster was more active on bright nights, most activity occurred before moonrise or after moonset, avoiding periods of bright moonlight. We conclude that megaherbivores play an unappreciated but important indirect role in tallgrass prairies by inducing behavioral shifts in other animal species. Because overlap in activity patterns can predict the likelihood of predator–prey encounters, such activity shifts have important implications for trophic interactions throughout restored prairie food webs. Additional work to understand interspecific and intraspecific variation in response to moonlight may improve efforts to forecast changes in community assembly due to restoration and land‐use change.
Ruthenium Complexes Bearing Bis‐N‐heterocyclic Carbene Donors in TiO2 Sensitization for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Jain Nimisha , Mary Angelina , Dalal Pooja Munish , Sakla Rahul , Jose D. Amilan , Jain Mukesh , Naziruddin Abbas Raja
Published: October 2022

This report presents ruthenium (II) complexes featuring bis‐imidazole‐2‐ylidene donors and carboxylic acid‐functionalized terpyridine ligands (tpy−COOH or tpy4′−phenyl−COOH). We introduced the monodentate −NCS or pyridine carboxylate ligands into the coordination sphere to render sizeable changes in photo‐functional attributes. The coordination of the thiocyanate ligands to these ruthenium centers extends their absorption tails up to 800 nm. In contrast, the absorption bands of complexes featuring isonicotinic acid last only until 600 nm. Even though phenyl spacers at the acceptor end rendered a bathochromic shift in the λmax, in their absence, complexes exhibited a longer electron lifetime at the TiO2 photoanode. The complexes devoid of phenyl spacers show lower charge transfer resistance at the TiO2/electrolyte interface giving improved photon conversion efficiency (PCE) in Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs). Herein, we analyze the relationship between the structure and the light‐harvesting efficiency via a combined experimental and computational approach.
Assessing raw material diversity at Poverty Point (16WC5) using non‐destructive reflectance spectroscopy
Authors: Sherman Simon P. , Parish Ryan M. , Greenlee Diana M. , Miller D. Shane
Published: October 2022

Lithic raw material variation is valuable for assessing the scale of human mobility, differential access to and from raw material sources, and prehistoric exchange patterns. Recent advancements in non‐destructive reflectance spectroscopy have proven to be more accurate in provenance investigations compared with the macroscopic (visual) identification technique for lithic artifacts. Here, we use visible/near‐infrared reflectance and Fourier transform reflectance spectroscopy on a collection of 845 lithic bifaces at Poverty Point (16WC5) site in northeastern Louisiana, a UNESCO World Heritage site that is well‐known for the presence of nonlocal materials, including stone tools. This study describes the first systematic approach to analyzing and interpreting hyperspectral reflectance data for cryptocrystalline silicate (e.g., chert and flint) artifacts at Poverty Point site. The chert materials identified in this study reaffirm the idea that tool stones arriving at the Poverty Point site came from diverse geologic sources, covering an expansive geographic area.
Are Ethiopian women getting the recommended maternal health services? The analysis of Ethiopian mini Demographic and Health Survey 2019
Authors: Birhanu Frehiwot , Mideksa Gachana , Yitbarek Kiddus
Published: October 2022

Background and Aims

Health services during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postnatal period play a pivotal role in the survival of both the mother and the baby. We, therefore, analyzed maternal health service utilization and the related drivers among women of childbearing age in Ethiopia.

Methods

We used secondary data from the 2019 Ethiopian mini Demographic and Health Survey. The survey was conducted in 11 regions, and 2 city administrations, in Ethiopia from March 21 to June 28, 2019. Maternal health service utilization was measured in terms of three dimensions including antenatal care (ANC), skilled delivery service, and postnatal care (PNC). Bi‐variable and multivariable logistic regression was used. We then fitted three separate models. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25; all analysis was adjusted for cluster and sample weight.

Results

A total of 2923, 3924, and 1899 women were included for ANC, delivery, and PNC utilization, respectively. The majority of 1802 (61.7%) women had a “good” antenatal care utilization, and it was explained by the level of maternal education, marital status, and wealth index. Nearly half, of 1899 (48.1%) of the women gave birth in a health facility, and it was associated with age, educational status, wealth index, the timing of first antenatal care, and the number of antenatal care contact. Finally, one third (33.7%) of them had adequate PNC utilization and it was associated with households having a television, the timing of first antenatal care, and the number of antenatal care contacts.

Conclusion

Despite the due emphasis on maternal health services by the Ethiopian government, the uptake of services is not optimal. Women empowerment and timely and adequate ANC contacts will prepare women for better uptake of services.
Short‐term clinical observations of belimumab in the treatment of recently diagnosed systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Wu Chunye , Gong Baoqi
Published: October 2022

Objective

To explore the therapeutic effectiveness and safety of belimumab in the treatment of recently diagnosed systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods

Between January 2019 and February 2022, a total of 30 patients who had been recently diagnosed with SLE were selected for 6 months of belimumab treatment at the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tianjin First Central Hospital. Laboratory test results and related adverse reactions were recorded at baseline and after treatment.

Results

Participants' white blood cell counts and complement 3, complement 4, and hemoglobin levels were higher after treatment than at baseline. Participants' immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M levels, SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 scores, glucocorticoid doses, erythrocyte sedimentation rates, and serum albumin/globulin ratios were lower after treatment. These differences were all statistically significant (p < .05).

Conclusion

Belimumab was safe and effective in patients recently diagnosed with SLE and might help to reduce the use of glucocorticoids and to improve anemia with few adverse reactions. Belimumab might be applied in the treatment of patients recently diagnosed with SLE with high disease activity.
Upregulation of microRNA‐762 suppresses the expression of GIPC3 in systemic lupus erythematosus and neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Yang Jijuan , Li Chun , Chi Shuhong , Wei Hongliang , Du Wenqing , Hu Qikuan
Published: October 2022

Background

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), especially neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE), is a complex systemic autoimmune disease, characterized by variable course and multiple organ dysfunction. Our study aimed to identify crucial microRNA (miRNAs) in SLE and NPSLE.

Methods

Totally 12 cases of serum specimens were collected from General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University (SLE = 4, NPSLE = 4, control = 4). After miRNA sequencing, differential expression analysis, miRNA target prediction, and miRNA‐messenger RNA (mRNA) regulatory network construction were performed to identify the hub miRNAs. The expression of target gene was determined by quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and Western blot.

Results

There were 79 and 59 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) in NPSLE versus Control, and SLE versus Control, respectively. Among 35 overlapped DEmiRNAs, 5 upregulated miRNAs' (hsa‐miR‐762, hsa‐miR‐4270, hsa‐miR‐3663‐3p, hsa‐miR‐4778‐5p, and hsa‐miR‐4516) target genes were supported by at least six databases. The miRNA‐mRNA network indicated that core miRNA hsa‐miR‐762 regulated 1270 target genes. MiR‐762 was significantly upregulated in SLE and NPSLE, and over expression of miR‐762 significantly suppressed GIPC PDZ domain containing family member 3 (GIPC3) expression in SLE and NPSLE.

Conclusions

Upregulation of hub miRNA miR‐762 can suppress the expression of GIPC3 in both SLE and NPSLE samples, which is probably involved in the development of SLE and NPSLE. Meanwhile, along with the development from SLE to NPSLE, miR‐762 exhibits higher expression.
Emerging influence of the RMB on currency markets in a transpiring tri‐polar international monetary system
Authors: Wang Peijie , Wang Ping
Published: October 2022

The up‐and‐coming influence of the RMB on currency co‐movements is examined in this paper, in the context of a transpiring tri‐polar international monetary system advocated in prior studies. The study is empirically conducted against the backdrop of a more variable RMB exchange rate regime, which enables the integration of the RMB into the international monetary system. The influence of the RMB is found most evident in Asia, being modest in Latin America while reaching Africa. The RMB co‐moves most with the currencies of countries that have large shares in trade with China considerably. Meanwhile, a residual‐based instrumental variables model is proposed in this study purposely for dealing with issues of common factor dominance, which prevails in currency co‐movements. The emerging influence of the RMB on currency co‐movements arises at the time when a multiple‐reserve currency system is coming, and the RMB is included as the third largest currency in the SDR basket. It is shored up by the improved infrastructure, strengthened central bank cooperation and expanded networks for cross‐border RMB payments and settlements. It is concluded that the RMB has increasingly integrated into the international monetary system as one of the major players, effecting currency market movements actively alongside the US dollar and euro.
Negative emodiversity is associated with emotional eating in adolescents: An examination of emotion dynamics in daily life
Authors: Heshmati Saeideh , DavyRomano Evie , Chow Christopher , Doan Stacey N. , Reynolds Kim D.
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Emotional eating is a mental health concern, common in adolescents, that develops as a result of their tendency to use high‐energy food to regulate their fluctuating emotions. Due to their highly fluctuating emotional life, adolescents tend to have unique within‐person profiles of emotional experiences that change across moments and days, often lost in global assessments of emotions. Hence, it is imperative to examine individual differences in dynamics of emotions, as experienced in daily life, in relation to emotional eating in adolescents.

Methods

In an Ecological Momentary Assessment study, we examined individual differences in three within‐person dynamic characteristics (baseline levels, intraindividual variability, and emodiversity) of emotions in 158 dominantly Hispanic adolescents in the United States, aged 14–17 years old, predicting trait‐level emotional eating.

Results

Results indicated that higher negative emodiversity, baselines, and variability in stress were predictive of emotional eating in adolescents. When all considered together, negative emodiversity (i.e., variety of the types of negative emotions experienced in one's daily life) remained the only significant predictor of emotional eating.

Conclusions

This study affirms the importance of diversity in emotional experiences in relation to emotional eating, particularly in daily contexts of adolescents' lives. Additionally, the study emphasizes the importance of distinguishing between diversity (i.e., variety in types) in positive versus negative emotional experiences with regard to emotional eating. By taking into account the ecological validity of adolescents' daily lives and individual differences in dynamical changes in emotions, we are taking a step forward by shedding light on how the dynamics of negative emotions—in terms of within‐person baselines, variability, and diversity—might be related to general levels of emotional eating in adolescents.
Cardiorenal syndrome: Pathophysiology as a key to the therapeutic approach in an under‐diagnosed disease
Authors: Prastaro Maria , Nardi Ermanno , Paolillo Stefania , Santoro Ciro , Parlati Antonio L. M. , Gargiulo Paola , Basile Christian , Buonocore Davide , Esposito Giovanni , Filardi Pasquale Perrone
Published: October 2022

Cardiorenal syndrome is a clinical condition that impacts both the heart and the kidneys. One organ's chronic or acute impairment can lead to the other's chronic or acute dysregulation. The cardiorenal syndrome has been grouped into five subcategories that describe the etiology, pathophysiology, duration, and pattern of cardiac and renal dysfunction. This classification reflects the large spectrum of interrelated dysfunctions and underlines the bidirectional nature of heart‐kidney interactions. However, more evidence is needed to apply these early findings in medical practice. Understanding the relationship between these two organs during each organ's impairment has significant clinical implications that are relevant for therapy in both chronic and acute conditions. The epidemiology, definition, classification, pathophysiology, therapy, and outcome of each form of cardiorenal syndrome are all examined in this review.
Higher nursing care level is associated with higher incidence of blood culture contamination in the emergency department: A case–control study
Authors: Shigeno Ayami , Homma Yosuke , Matsumoto Taiga , Tanaka Shun , Onodera Ryuta , Oda Rentaro , Funakoshi Hiraku
Published: October 2022

Background

Blood culture is critical in treating infectious diseases. This leads to unnecessary intervention, inappropriate antibiotic use, and excess cost. Few studies have tackled patient factors that could possibly affect contamination rates. This study aimed to explore the association between patients' nursing care levels and blood culture contamination.

Methods

This is a single‐centered, retrospective, case–control study of adult patients whose blood culture specimens were taken in the emergency department between April 2018 and July 2019. The study was conducted in an acute care community hospital in Japan. The case group included patients with false‐positive blood culture results with contamination; the control group included patients with true‐positive or true‐negative blood culture results without contamination. We randomly selected two control patients per case. Patients' age, gender, nursing care level, ambulance use, housing status, Glasgow Coma Scale, hospital arrival time, and puncture sites were obtained from the patients' medical charts.

Results

Of the 5130 patients, 686 patients got positive blood culture results. Of the 686 patients, 35 patients were included in the case group, and 70 were randomly selected from the noncontaminated group and included in the control. In multivariate analysis, patients with contaminated blood cultures had a higher nursing care level (adjusted odds ratio: 8.50; 95% confidence interval: 1.65–43.7; p = 0.01).

Conclusions

A higher nursing care level is associated with a higher incidence of blood culture contamination in the emergency department. Careful and appropriate procedures are required for patients with a higher nursing care level.
Bridging therapies for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma awaiting liver transplantation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis on intention‐to‐treat outcomes
Authors: Di Martino Marcello , Ferraro Daniele , Pisaniello Donatella , Arenga Giuseppe , Falaschi Federica , Terrone Alfonso , Maniscalco Marilisa , Galeota Lanza Alfonso , Esposito Ciro , Vennarecci Giovanni
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Locoregional therapies are commonly used as bridging strategies to decrease the drop‐out of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) awaiting liver transplantation (LT). The present paper aims to assess the outcomes of bridging therapies in patients with HCC considered for LT according to an intention‐to‐treat (ITT) survival analysis.

Material and methods

Medline and Web of Science databases were searched for reports published before May 2021. Papers assessing adult patients with HCC considered for LT and reporting ITT survival outcomes were included. Two reviewers independently identified, extracted the data, and evaluated the papers according to Newcastle‐Ottawa criteria. Outcomes analyzed were: drop‐out rate; time on the waiting list; 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year survival after LT and based on an ITT analysis.

Results

The search identified 3106 records; six papers (1043 patients) met the inclusion criteria. Patients with HCC, listed for LT and submitted to bridging therapies presented a longer waiting time before LT (MD 3.77, 95% CI 2.07‐5.48) in comparison with the non‐interventional group. However, they presented a raised post LT after 1‐year (OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.18‐3.41), 3‐years (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.01‐2.15), and 5‐years (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.06‐2.13) survival.

Conclusion

Patients submitted to bridging procedures, despite having a longer interval on the waiting list, presented better post‐LT survival outcomes. Bridging therapies for selected patients at low risk of post‐procedural complications and long expected intervals on the waiting list should be encouraged. However, further clinical trials should confirm the survival benefit of bridging therapies in patients with HCC listed for LT.
Leukotriene metabolism and proiflammatory cytokines in Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever
Authors: Doğan Kübra , Bolat Serkan , Öksüz Caner , Büyüktuna Seyit Ali
Published: October 2022

Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is an emerging acute viral infection disease, yet its pathophysiology remains largely uncharacterized. Lipid mediators are molecules that play numerous roles in the physiologic and pathophysiologic conditions in certain viral diseases. No previous study evaluated the status of cysteinyl leukotrienes (CYSLT) and 5‐lipoxygenase (5‐LO) and their relationship with proinflammatory cytokines in CCHF. A total of 90 subjects including 60 CCHF patients and 30 healthy controls were enrolled the study. Serum CYSLT, 5‐LO, interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and ferritin levels were determined in the study population. Lower median 5‐LO level was determined in patients compared to healthy controls (p = 0.0004). Higher ferritin (p < 0.001) and IL‐6 (p < 0.001) levels in patients than healthy controls. No statistically significant difference was observed between patients and controls in terms of CYSLT levels. No statistically significant differences were observed between mild, moderate, and severe groups in terms of both 5‐LO and CYSLT levels. IL‐6 and ferritin levels were higher in severe group compared mild and moderate groups. In conclusion, changes in 5‐LO enzyme and increased inflammation are related with the disease molecular mechanism. Higher inflammatory status contributes to the impaired hemostatic balance in CCHF. Thus, treatment strategies to reduce inflammation may help to prevent bleeding and DIC in patients. IL‐6 and ferritin can be used to as an additional biomarker in the estmation of the prognosis and diagnosis of the patients.