bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Records of the Hydrozoan Coryne hincksi Bonnevie, 1898 on Red King Crabs in the Barents Sea
Authors: Panteleeva Ninel N. , Dvoretsky Alexander G. , Dvoretsky Vladimir G.
Published: January 2023

Coryne hincksi Bonnevie, 1898 (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) is a rare corynid hydrozoan that was first found in the coastal Barents Sea on the surface of other hydrozoan species and on the body of spider crabs in 1913. After the introduction of red king crabs into the Barents Sea in the 1960s and their range expansion and population growth, colonies of C. hincksi were registered on this host as well. In this paper, we update a list of C. hincksi records on red king crabs and present a detailed description. Also, for the first time, we provide quality photographs of a living colony of this species. Despite relatively low prevalence rates (1.4–3.2% in certain years), currently in the Barents Sea, C. hincksi occurs on crustaceans thus exhibiting a predominantly symbiotic lifestyle.
Plant and Meadow Structure Characterisation of Posidonia oceanica in Its Westernmost Distribution Range
Authors: Azcárate-García Tomás , Beca-Carretero Pedro , Brun Fernando G.
Published: January 2023

Posidonia oceanica is an endemic seagrass species from the Mediterranean Sea that provides critical ecological services to coastal environments. This species is distributed from the Turkish to the Spanish coast, where its westernmost record was documented in Punta Chullera, Malaga (36°18′36.45′′ N, 5°14′54.31′′ W). Nevertheless, previous studies suggested that its distribution was even further west, although these populations were never described. In this study, we documented and characterised the only known P. oceanica population on the coast of Cadiz, in Cala Sardina (36°18′38.80′′ N, 5°15′15.13′′ W). The newly documented population of P. oceanica presented a fragmented structure, consisting of nine patches found in a rocky shallow area surrounded by the invasive algae Rugulopteryx okamurae, with a total size of 61.14 m2. Shoots had a relatively small size (21.0 ± 2.9 cm) in comparison with centrally-distributed populations. The relatively small size of the plants, alongside the observed low shoot density (437 ± 42 shoots m−2) and leaf area index (4.8 ± 0.7 m2 m−2), may indicate that this meadow could be exposed to sub-optimal environmental conditions for plant development. By contrast, the meadow showed relatively high production rates (0.03 ± 0.01 leaf day−1 shoot−1) in comparison with other Mediterranean populations. The percentage of carbon in plant leaves was 38.73 ± 1.38%, while the nitrogen and C/N were 1.38 ± 0.37% and 29.93 ± 6.57, respectively. The documentation of this meadow extends the distribution of this species to the Mediterranean coast of Cadiz, making this region the place with the highest seagrass biodiversity (four species) in the Iberian Peninsula, and potentially in Europe. This exploratory study provides a baseline to examine the potential effects of climate change, anthropogenic disturbances or the presence of invasive species.
Economics of a Feeding Budget: A Case of Diversity of Host Plants for Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera) Feeding on Leaves and Needles
Authors: Soukhovolsky Vladislav , Tarasova Olga , Pavlushin Sergey , Osokina Ekaterina , Akhanaev Yuriy , Kovalev Anton , Martemyanov Vyacheslav
Published: January 2023

Relationships were analyzed among the energy-related characteristics of feed consumption by caterpillars of the spongy moth (also known as gypsy moth) Lymantria dispar L., survival of individuals, and fecundity of females depending on the species of a host plant. An optimization model of feed consumption was used for the calculations. In this model, efficiency of consumption depends on two parameters: efficiency of metabolic degradation of feed and efficiency of caterpillar biomass synthesis. Experiments were conducted regarding the feeding of caterpillars on the leaves of silver birch Betula pendula Roth. and needles of Siberian larch Larix sibirica Ldb. and Scotch pine Pinus sylvestris L. On the basis of the results of experiments, “costs” of the feed for females and males were calculated, the consumption efficiency of different types of feed was found, and the relationship between efficiency of feed consumption and female fecundity was determined. The proposed approach can be employed to assess feeding efficiency of insects in various habitats.
D-Distance Technique to Determine Failure Probability of Power Circuit Breaker
Authors: Kumpalavalee Suphon , Suwanasri Thanapong , Suwanasri Cattareeya , Phadungthin Rattanakorn
Published: January 2023

In this paper, a new D-distance factor is proposed to determine the failure probability and to prioritize maintenance actions of power circuit breakers in high-voltage substations. The D-distance factor is calculated by using the condition index and renovation index of a high-voltage circuit breaker (HVCB). To facilitate effective decision-making on maintenance with a simple method and less computational effort, the proposed model incorporates the weighting–scoring method (WSM) and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) with the various diagnostic methods for condition index assessments as well as the operation requirements of HVCBs for renovation index assessments. Many significant parameters from circuit breaker testing, such as insulation resistance, contact resistance, contact timing, SF6 gas measurements, gas leakage rate, visual inspection, etc., have been considered for condition index determination. In addition to these, other significant parameters, such as age of the circuit breaker, age of the interrupter and mechanism, number of fault current interruptions, actual load current to rated current ratio, actual short circuit current to rated interrupting current ratio, maintenance ability, spare parts availability, maintenance expertise level, etc., are also considered for renovation index determination. To validate the proposed model, the practical test data of twenty 115 kV HVCBs in various substations of a distribution utility in Thailand were utilized and tested. By analyzing the actual condition and operation requirement of the circuit breaker, the output, as the condition index and renovation index using the proposed method, is discussed with HVCB experts in the utility to adjust the scores and weights of all criteria to obtain the most accurate and reliable model. The results show that the D-distance technique measured from the risk matrix, which is defined as the failure probability, can be used to rank the maintenance schedule from urgent to normal maintenance tasks. In addition, various failure probabilities in the risk matrix of the circuit breaker can be used to determine the appropriate maintenance strategies for the power circuit breaker in each group. Finally, the proposed method could help the utility managers and maintenance engineers manage the maintenance planning effectively and easily for thousands of HVCBs in the grid, and it can be further applied with other high-voltage equipment in both transmission and distribution systems to facilitate the maintenance activities according to available costs and human resources.
Unravelling the Role of Institutions in Market-Based Instruments: A Systematic Review on Forest Carbon Mechanisms
Authors: Shen Xinran , Gatto Paola , Pagliacci Francesco
Published: January 2023

Forest ecosystems provide various services that are crucial to human beings, in which carbon sequestration and storage is one of them with the most market potential and is usually governed by market-based instruments (MBIs). MBIs do not operate alone but in the hybrid governance arrangements. While the importance of public institutions has been identified, there is still a need to examine the specific role of public institutions in the market-oriented mechanism. Our work seeks answers to this question. This meta-study presents an up-to-date picture of MBIs targeted at forest carbon, in which 88 mechanisms are synthesized in a quantitative database. We analyze and discuss policy design features of these mechanisms and group them into nine types of MBIs. We find that many instruments coexist and/or interact with other instruments. In light of these results, we introduce the concept of policy mix and argue that the interplay among policy instruments can be complementary or interdependent. Using cluster analysis to identify underlying patterns, we reconfirm previous findings that there are distinct differences between public and private PES schemes, but also recognize a new cluster and label it as a ‘legally binding mechanism’. We discover that the role of public institutions is pronounced in the forest carbon mechanisms, and they can be the buyer, seller, regulator, coordinator, intermediary, and facilitator. Besides, public institutions tend to play an increasing role in the future climate policy arena. We believe that public institutions should stand out and create enabling conditions for private governance and finance.
Benefits and Requirements of Mathematical Optimization in the Allocation of Wood to a Network of Forest Product Mills
Authors: Auger Maxime , LeBel Luc , Brotherton Edith
Published: January 2023

Supply planning is a challenge for the forest industry in the context of natural forests characterized by heterogeneity among raw materials. Several mathematical models have been proposed in the literature to support forest planning, though few have been used by companies. The complexity of the natural environment and the expertise required to use these models limit their application. Nevertheless, these tools can significantly improve profitability. Three main elements were analyzed to assess benefits fostered by computer-optimized planning: (i) assessing the potential of implementing mathematical optimization in companies, particularly by pinpointing the additional resources necessary; (ii) determining the benefits of mathematical optimization to support planning decisions in an industrial context; and (iii) analyzing the impact of variation in information precision. LogiLab, an optimization software was used to find the optimal allocation of raw materials to an industrial network of five mills. The plan produced using optimization was compared to the plan generated by company personnel. The optimized plan generated a nearly 20% greater net profit than the current planning method. This difference was in part due to the more efficient allocation of raw materials to mills. It also highlighted numerous benefits, including a 50% reduction in the time required to produce plans. Furthermore, if attributed volume can be distributed among sawmills, it would be possible to save CAD 3.21/m3 using optimized plans, greatly exceeding initial costs related to system implementation.
Culture Age, Growth Medium, Ultrasound Amplitude, and Time of Exposure Influence the Kinetic Growth of Lactobacillus acidophilus
Authors: Bolivar-Jacobo Norma Angélica , Reyes-Villagrana Raúl Alberto , Rentería-Monterrubio Ana Luisa , Sánchez-Vega Rogelio , Santellano-Estrada Eduardo , Tirado-Gallegos Juan Manuel , Chávez-Martínez América
Published: January 2023

The growth pattern of probiotics can be modified by changing their nutritional factors and their physiological stage. Meanwhile, high intensity ultrasound (HIUS) can be employed to increase probiotics’ biomass. The one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) approach was employed to investigate the influence of the growth medium (MRS broth, whole milk, and skim milk), culture age (1 day and 7 days old) and ultrasound parameters (time and amplitude) on the kinetic parameters of L. acidophilus. The oldest culture (7 days) had a greater lag phase and time to reach the end of the sigmoidal curve (Tmax) (p < 0.05) as well as a lower rate (maximum growth potential μmax) compared to the youngest culture (1 day). Regarding the growth medium, skim milk presented the greatest L. acidophilus counts (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, sonication times (60 and 90 s) change µmax and Tmax. When 30% amplitude was applied, a greater μmax and a smaller Tmax were observed (p < 0.05). It can be concluded that the growth medium, culture age, and ultrasound parameters (time and amplitude) influence the kinetic parameters of L. acidophilus. Results from this study could be used in the design and optimization of processes to improve the growth of the probiotic L. acidophilus at industrial scale.
Hydrodynamics of an OWC Device in Irregular Incident Waves Using RANS Model
Authors: Trivedi Kshma , Ray Amya Ranjan , Krishnan Parothidil Anjusree , Koley Santanu , Sahoo Trilochan
Published: January 2023

This research examines the hydrodynamic performance of an oscillating water column device placed over a sloping seabed under the influence of irregular incident waves. The numerical model is based on the Reynolds-veraged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations with a modified k−ω turbulence model and uses the volume-of-fluid (VOF) approach to monitor the air–water interface. To explore the hydrodynamic performance of the OWC device in actual ocean conditions, the Pierson–Moskowitz (P-M) spectrum was used as the incident wave spectrum, together with the four distinct sea states which occur most often along the western coast of Portugal. The numerical simulation offers a comprehensive velocity vector and streamline profiles inside the OWC device’s chamber during an entire cycle of pressure fluctuation. In addition, the impact of the irregular wave conditions on the free-surface elevation at various places, the pressure drop between the chamber and the outside, and the airflow rate via the orifice per unit width of the OWC device are investigated in detail. The results demonstrate that the amplitudes of the inward and outward velocities via the orifice, free-surface elevations, and flow characteristics are greater for more significant wave heights. Further, it is noticed that the power generation and capture efficiency are higher for a seabed having moderate slopes.
Frontiers on Sustainable Food Packaging
Authors: Cruz Rui M. S. , Varzakas Theodoros
Published: January 2023

The implementation of sustainable food packaging solutions within future circular food supply chains is essential to protect customers and ensure food quality, safety, and optimal shelf-life [...]
Pleurotus eryngii Chips—Chemical Characterization and Nutritional Value of an Innovative Healthy Snack
Authors: Amerikanou Charalampia , Tagkouli Dimitra , Tsiaka Thalia , Lantzouraki Dimitra Z. , Karavoltsos Sotirios , Sakellari Aikaterini , Kleftaki Stamatia-Angeliki , Koutrotsios Georgios , Giannou Virginia , Zervakis Georgios I. , Zoumpoulakis Panagiotis , Kalogeropoulos Nick , Kaliora Andriana C.
Published: January 2023

Nowadays, as the pandemic has reshaped snacking behaviors, and consumers have become more health-conscious, the need for the incorporation of “healthy snacking” in our diets has emerged. Although there is no agreed-upon definition of “healthy snacking”, dietary guidelines refer to snack foods with high nutritional and biological value. The aim of this study was to chemically characterize and determine the nutritional value of an innovative UVB-irradiated and baked snack from Pleurotus eryngii mushrooms. P. eryngii is an edible mushroom native to the Mediterranean basin. We applied proximate composition, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, and macro and trace elements analyses. Also, we computed indices to assess the nutritional quality of food, and we evaluated the sensory characteristics of the mushroom snack. We found high nutritional, consumer, and biological values for the snack. More specifically it was low in calories, high in fibre and protein, low in lipids, without added sugars, and high in ergosterol and beta-glucans. Additionally, it had some vitamins and trace elements in significant quantities. Its NRF9.3 score was considerably high compared to most popular snacks, and the snack exhibited high hypocholesterolemic and low atherogenic and thrombogenic potentials. In conclusion, as a result of UVB-irradiation and baking of P. eryngii mushrooms, the snack’s nutritional and biological value were not affected; instead, it provided a “healthy snacking” option.
Effect of Polyphenols and Zinc Co-Supplementation on the Development of Neoplasms in Rats with Breast Cancer
Authors: Jastrzębska Martyna , Giebułtowicz Joanna , Ciechanowicz Andrzej K. , Wrzesień Robert , Bielecki Wojciech , Bobrowska-Korczak Barbara
Published: January 2023

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of selected polyphenolic compounds: epicatechin, apigenin, and naringenin, administered separately or in combination with zinc (Zn), on the growth and development of the neoplastic process induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) in rats. The impact of supplementation with the above-mentioned compounds on the content of modified derivatives: 1-methyladenosine, N6-methyl-2’-deoxyadenosine, O-methylguanosine, 7-methylguanine, 3-methyladenine, 1-methylguanine, 2-amino-6,8-dihydroxypurine, and 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine in the urine of rats with mammary cancer was also assessed. Female Sprague-Dawley rats divided into 7 groups were used in the study: animals without supplementation and animals supplemented with apigenin, epicatechin, and naringenin separately or in combination with zinc. To induce mammary cancer, rats were treated with DMBA. Modified derivatives were determined by a validated high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry method. Based on the obtained results, it can be said that supplementation of the animals with naringenin inhibits the development and progression of the neoplastic process in rats treated with 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene. Neoplastic tumors were found in only 2 of 8 rats (incidence: 25%) and were considered to be at most grade 1 malignancy. The first palpable tumors in the group of animals receiving naringenin appeared two–three weeks later when compared to other groups. The combination of zinc with flavonoids (apigenin, epicatechin, and naringenin) seems to stimulate the process of carcinogenesis. The level of N6-methyl-2’-deoxyadenosine and 3-methyladenine in the urine of rats was statistically significantly higher in the groups supplemented with apigenin, epicatechin, and naringenin administered in combination with Zn than in the groups receiving only polyphenolic compounds. In conclusion, supplementation of rats with selected flavonoids administered separately or in combination with Zn has an impact on the development of neoplasms and the level of modified nucleosides in the urine of rats with breast cancer. Our results raise the question of whether simultaneous diet supplementation with more than one anti-cancer agent may reduce/stimulate the risk of carcinogenesis.
Development of a Novel Steam Distillation TBA Test for the Determination of Lipid Oxidation in Meat Products
Authors: Katsanidis Eugenios , Zampouni Konstantina
Published: January 2023

The 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method has been used for the spectrophotometric determination of secondary lipid oxidation products, such as malonaldehyde (MA), due to its good correlation with sensorial perception of lipid oxidation. Other approaches have been proposed over time. Direct distillation can result in artificially increased MA concentrations due to intense heating. Extraction is a milder and faster method, but it suffers from false color development in the presence of sugars or other compounds. A novel approach using steam distillation for the recovery of MA was developed. Validation and optimization studies were conducted, aiming to maximize MA recovery from various meat product samples by adjusting the steam distillation parameters. For the optimal MA recovery, 10 g of the sample, 25 mL of H2O, and 5 mL of 2 N HCl were used. The sample was distilled using a stream of water vapor until 50 mL of the distillate was collected in less than 3 min. Subsequently, 5 mL of the distillate was reacted with 5 mL of 0.02 M TBA, and the absorbance was measured at 532 nm. MA recovery was 61.8%. Experimentation with varying nitrite levels suggested that the addition of sulfanilamide is necessary when NaNO2 is more than 50 mg MA/kg. The proposed method is fast, milder than direct distillation, and eliminates the issue of TBA interacting with sugars and other compounds.
Mechano-Chemical Effect of Gelatin- and HA-Based Hydrogels on Human Retinal Progenitor Cells
Authors: Dromel Pierre C. , Singh Deepti , Alexander-Katz Alfredo , Kurisawa Motoichi , Spector Myron , Young Michael
Published: January 2023

Engineering matrices for cell therapy requires design criteria that include the ability of these materials to support, protect and enhance cellular behavior in vivo. The chemical and mechanical formulation of the biomaterials can influence not only target cell phenotype but also cellular differentiation. In this study, we have demonstrated the effect of a gelatin (Gtn)—hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel on human retinal progenitor cells (hRPCs) and show that by altering the mechanical properties of the materials, cellular behavior is altered as well. We have created an interpenetrating network polymer capable of encapsulating hRPCs. By manipulating the stiffness of the hydrogel, the differentiation potential of the hRPCs was controlled. Interpenetrating network 75 (IPN 75; 75% HA) allowed higher expression of rod photoreceptor markers, whereas cone photoreceptor marker expression was found to be higher in IPN 50. In vivo testing of these living matrices performed in Long–Evans rats showed higher levels of rod photoreceptor marker expression when IPN 75 was injected versus IPN 50. These biomaterials mimic biological cues that are required to simulate the dynamic complexity of natural retinal ECM. These hydrogels can be used as a vehicle for cell delivery in vivo as well as for expansion and differentiation in an in vitro 3D system in a highly reproducible manner.
What to Expect of Feeding Abilities and Nutritional Aspects in Achondroplasia Patients: A Narrative Review
Authors: Sforza Elisabetta , Margiotta Gaia , Giorgio Valentina , Limongelli Domenico , Proli Francesco , Kuczynska Eliza Maria , Leoni Chiara , De Rose Cristina , Trevisan Valentina , Romeo Domenico Marco , Calandrelli Rosalinda , De Corso Eugenio , Massimi Luca , Palmacci Osvaldo , Rigante Donato , Zampino Giuseppe , Onesimo Roberta
Published: January 2023

Achondroplasia is an autosomal dominant genetic disease representing the most common form of human skeletal dysplasia: almost all individuals with achondroplasia have identifiable mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor type 3 (FGFR3) gene. The cardinal features of this condition and its inheritance have been well-established, but the occurrence of feeding and nutritional complications has received little prominence. In infancy, the presence of floppiness and neurological injury due to foramen magnum stenosis may impair the feeding function of a newborn with achondroplasia. Along with growth, the optimal development of feeding skills may be affected by variable interactions between midface hypoplasia, sleep apnea disturbance, and structural anomalies. Anterior open bite, prognathic mandible, retrognathic maxilla, and relative macroglossia may adversely impact masticatory and respiratory functions. Independence during mealtimes in achondroplasia is usually achieved later than peers. Early supervision of nutritional intake should proceed into adolescence and adulthood because of the increased risk of obesity and respiratory problems and their resulting sequelae. Due to the multisystem involvement, oral motor dysfunction, nutrition, and gastrointestinal issues require special attention and personalized management to facilitate optimal outcomes, especially because of the novel therapeutic options in achondroplasia, which could alter the progression of this rare disease.
The Effect of Social Relationships on the Well-Being and Happiness of Older Adults Living Alone or with Relatives
Authors: Fernandez-Portero Cristina , Amian Josué G. , Alarcón David , Arenilla Villalba María J. , Sánchez-Medina José A.
Published: January 2023

The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of the type of habitation of older adults—with relatives or alone—on their health and well-being. The participants were 352 people over 65 years of age who collaborated with the research on a voluntary basis. The data indicated that those who live with family members have better social integration, well-being and happiness than those who live alone. A multiple regression analysis showed the positive effect of living with relatives on well-being and happiness. However, participation in social activities mitigates the effect of the type of cohabitation explaining better well-being and happiness in the older population. These findings support the idea of designing and implementing intervention policies focused on activities that promote social participation and social interactions to improve well-being and happiness in the older adults.
An Effective Model for Estimating Age in Unaccompanied Minors under the Italian Legal System
Authors: Cameriere Roberto , Scendoni Roberto , Ferrante Luigi , Mirtella Dora , Oncini Luigi , Cingolani Mariano
Published: January 2023

This article presents an effective model for estimating the age of subjects without identification documents, in accordance with Italian legislation covering unaccompanied minors, using instrumental methods recognized by the scientific community for age estimation. A decision-making tree has been developed, in which the first step is a physical examination. If secondary sexual characteristics are fully developed and there are no obvious signs of abnormal growth, dental X-rays are the next step. If the roots of the seven left mandibular teeth between the central incisor and the second molar are completely developed, the focus then moves to the third molar. If the index of the third molar (I3M) value is less than 0.08, or if third molars are not assessable, the following step is to study the clavicle which, if fully formed, indicates that the subject is an adult with 99.9% probability; otherwise, the probability is 96%. In all other cases (where the I3M is over 0.08), the probability that the subject has reached 18 years is less than 60%. The research, carried out initially on x-rays of the wrist, teeth and clavicle, highlighted the uselessness of the x-ray of the wrist for determining the age of majority, because in our sample, all subjects with incomplete maturity of hand/wrist bones were under 16 years of age; thus, OPT was necessary anyway. What we propose is a practical, easily feasible, fast, economical, and extremely reliable method, which can be used on Caucasian populations and beyond for multiple forensic purposes.
Patient Unpunctuality’s Effect on Appointment Scheduling: A Scenario-Based Analysis
Authors: Chen Ping-Shun , Chen Hsiu-Wen , Abiog Marielle Donice M. , Guerrero Roxanne Mae B. , Latina Christine Grace E.
Published: January 2023

This study examined patient unpunctuality’s effect on patient appointment scheduling in the ultrasound department of a hospital. The study created a simulation system incorporating the formulated F3 distribution to describe patient unpunctuality. After the simulation model passed verification and validation processes, what-if scenarios were conducted under two policies: The preempt policy and the wait policy. A comparison of the total cost of each policy showed that the preempt policy performed better than the wait policy in the presence of unpunctuality. The study used sensitivity analyses to identify the different effects of patient unpunctuality on the system. The weights of the cost coefficient of both radiological technician’s idle time and patient waiting time must be equal in order to achieve a lower cost. The patient’s inter-arrival time must be close to the average total time in the system to achieve lower costs. Moreover, utilization decreases as the patient’s inter-arrival increases. Therefore, the patient’s inter-arrival time should be higher than, but close to, the service time to ensure less radiological technician’s idle time and patient waiting time.
E-Learning Performance Evaluation in Medical Education—A Bibliometric and Visualization Analysis
Authors: Oluwadele Deborah , Singh Yashik , Adeliyi Timothy T.
Published: January 2023

Performance evaluation is one of the most critical components in assuring the comprehensive development of e-learning in medical education (e-LMED). Although several studies evaluate performance in e-LMED, no study presently maps the rising scientific knowledge and evolutionary patterns that establish a solid background to investigate and quantify the efficacy of the evaluation of performance in e-LMED. Therefore, this study aims to quantify scientific productivity, identify the key terms and analyze the extent of research collaboration in this domain. We searched the SCOPUS database using search terms informed by the PICOS model, and a total of 315 studies published between 1991 and 2022 were retrieved. Performance analysis, science mapping, network analysis, and visualization were performed using R Bibliometrix, Biblioshiny, and VOSviewer packages. Findings reveal that authors are actively publishing and collaborating in this domain, which experienced a sporadic publication increase in 2021. Most of the top publications, collaborations, countries, institutions, and journals are produced in first-world countries. In addition, studies evaluating performance in e-LMED evaluated constructs such as efficacy, knowledge gain, student perception, confidence level, acceptability, feasibility, usability, and willingness to recommend e-learning, mainly using pre-tests and post-tests experimental design methods. This study can help researchers understand the existing landscape of performance evaluation in e-LMED and could be used as a background to investigate and quantify the efficacy of the evaluation of e-LMED.
Analysis of Immune-Cell Distribution of Bone Marrow in Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Authors: Lin Chun-Liang , Lin Ching-Chan , Chen Tzu-Ting , Lo Wen-Jyi , Tzeng Shu-Ling
Published: January 2023

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) immunity plays an important role in the proliferation and apoptosis of aberrant cells. Immune dysregulation has been studied in various prognostic subgroups. This study analyzed 60 patients with MDS via multidimensional flow cytometry to evaluate the expression of aberrant markers, such as CD7 and cytoplasmic CD3 on lymphocytes. The Revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS-R) scores were used to classify the patients into risk groups. The results showed a significant downregulation of CyCD3− T cells in low–intermediate versus high-risk patients (p = 0.013). This study is the first to show that a significant decrease in cyCD3− T cells in patients with a lower IPSS-R score may indicate microenvironmental changes conducive to transformation in MDS.
Proposing a Wetland-Based Economic Approach for Wastewater Treatment in Arid Regions as an Alternative Irrigation Water Source
Authors: Gabr Mohamed Elsayed , Al-Ansari Nadhir , Salem Ali , Awad Ahmed
Published: January 2023

Point and nonpoint wastewater sources have a detrimental, negative effect on agriculture, soil, surface, and groundwater supplies. In this research, a wastewater treatment system made up of a sedimentation tank, a horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (HSSF-CW), a vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland (VF-CW), and a storage tank was proposed, designed, and cost estimated. Small populations in underdeveloped nations with dry and semi-arid climates can use the treatment system as an affordable construction, maintenance, and operational solution for wastewater treatment. The system will protect agricultural lands and groundwater from pollution. The system can service 6000 capita and has a wastewater discharge of 780 m3/d in the developing arid region in El-Moghra Oasis western desert of Egypt, where the 1.5 million acres used for the land reclamation project based on groundwater irrigation. The relaxed tanks in a series model based on the areal loading rates and background pollutants concentrations (P-K-C*) was utilized to size the HSSF and VF-CWs. The results indicated that the HSSF-CW design treatment surface area was 2375 m2, and the hydraulic surface loading (q) and hydraulic retention time (RT) were 0.33 m/d and 0.55 d, respectively, and utilizing Phragmites australis and Papyrus for the biological treatment. The expected overall cumulative removal efficiencies were 96.7, 70, and 100% for the biological oxygen demand (BOD), total phosphors (TP), and fecal coliforms (FC), respectively. The VF-CW indicates that there was a 2193 m2 design treatment surface area, q = 0.36 m/d, and RT of 0.63 d. The expected BOD, TP, and FC removal efficiencies were 75, 33.3, and 92.7%, respectively. In order to simplify the design stages and the cost estimation, design and investment cost curves were established for a population range from 500 to 9000. The total monthly water loss due to evapotranspiration for the HSSF and VF-CWs indicates a range from 3.7 to 8.5%, respectively. The total investment cost analysis for the proposed system corresponding to 780 m3/d wastewater discharge of indicates a total investment cost of EUR 146,804 and EUR 24.46/per-capita equivalent (P.E). This approach can be used by decision makers in the Mediterranean region and Middle Eastern countries to improve the water quality using social and economic criteria, leading to the effective implementation of ecological restoration projects as a low-cost treatment system and adding a nonconventional water source that can be used in irrigation.
Politico-Epistemic Tensions Regarding Personal Assistance and Care for People with Disabilities: An Integrative Literature Review
Authors: Pino-Morán Juan Andrés , Rodríguez-Garrido Pía , Burrone María Soledad
Published: January 2023

Background: Since the 1960s, the Independent Life Movement has demanded personal assistance as a right for people with disabilities to access autonomy. In turn, feminist movements have shown a special concern for the care and profile of the providers. Both postures have created tensions around the provision of personal assistance and care for people with disabilities. Aim: To know and analyze the scientific evidence regarding approaches to personal assistance and care for people with disabilities. Methods: An Integrative Literature Review using five databases: Dialnet, Scielo, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The Boolean combinations were: “Personal assistance AND disability”; “Personal assistance AND care AND disability”; “Care AND disability” in English, and “Asistencia personal AND discapacidad”; “Asistencia personal AND cuidados AND discapacidad”; “Cuidados AND discapacidad” in Spanish. A total of 31 scientific articles were obtained. A content analysis was then, with five analysis dimensions emerging. Results: The articles approached the positive aspects of personal assistance. Others established the need for more resources in order to not be an exclusive reality for developed countries. Profiles were made of racialized, young, migrant women as the identity behind (informal) care. From the perspective of a feminist disability care ethic, new forms of providing care are proposed, by changing the focus from individual and family responsibility, towards a social and collective focus. Conclusion: The evidence analyzed considers various dimensions of the epistemo-political tension between personal assistance and care. The meeting point between both perspectives is interdependence and autonomy; on the one side, for people with disabilities, and on the other, for the women profiled as the main caregivers.
High Adsorption of Hazardous Cr(VI) from Water Using a Biofilter Composed of Native Pseudomonas koreensis on Alginate Beads
Authors: Diaz-Jimenez Lourdes , Garcia-Torres Sandy , Carlos-Hernandez Salvador
Published: January 2023

Most conventional methods to remove heavy metals from water are efficient for high concentrations, but they are expensive, produce secondary pollution, and cannot remove low concentrations. This paper proposes a biological system to remove Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions; the biofilter is composed of a native Pseudomonas koreensis immobilized in calcium alginate beads. Lab experiments were conducted in batch reactors, considering different operating conditions: Cr(VI) concentration, temperature, pH, and time. At 30 °C and a pH of 6.6, the immobilized bacteria achieved their optimal adsorption capacity. In the chromium adsorption system, saturation was reached at 30 h with a qmax = 625 mg g−1. By adjusting the experimental data to the Langmuir and Freundlich models, it is suggested that P. koreensis forms a biofilm with a homogeneous surface where Cr(VI) is adsorbed and that the bacteria also incorporates the metal in its metabolism, leading to a multilayer adsorption. On the other hand, using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, it was inferred that the functional groups involved in the adsorption process were O-H and C=O, which are a part of the P. koreensis cell wall.
The Preparation of Covalent Bonding COF-TpBD Coating in Arrayed Nanopores of Stainless Steel Fiber for Solid-Phase Microextraction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Water
Authors: Li Zihan , Yang Mengqi , Shen Xuetong , Zhu Hongtao , Li Baohui
Published: January 2023

Covalent organic framework (COF)-TpBD was grafted on the arrayed nanopores of stainless steel fiber (SSF) with (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane as the cross-linking agent. The prepared SSF bonded with COF-TpBD showed high thermal and chemical stability and excellent repeatability. The prepared SSF bonded with COF-TpBD was also used for the solid-phase microextraction (SPME) of seven kinds of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in actual water samples, followed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) determination, which exhibited low limits of detection (LODs), good relative standard deviation (RSD) and high recoveries.
Fact or Fiction? The Development and Evaluation of a Tobacco Virtual Health Tool
Authors: Jessiman-Perreault Geneviève , Dunn Rachel , Erza Angela , Kratchmer Candace , Memon Ameera , Thomson Howie , Allen Scott Lisa
Published: January 2023

The virtual setting is an important setting for health promotion as individuals increasingly go online for health information and support. Yet, users can have difficulty finding valid, trustworthy, and user-friendly health information online. In 2022, we launched an interactive Fact or Fiction Tobacco virtual health tool. The virtual health tool uses evidence-informed tailored content to engage users and refer them to local tobacco cessation resources. The present paper describes the development, user testing, and evaluation of this tool. The Fact or Fiction virtual health tool was designed by tobacco cessation and health marketing experts and informed by health behaviour theories of change. The tool captures data on who is seeking health information, the user’s stage of readiness to quit tobacco products, and whether they act by accessing referred resources. In 2021, we conducted two phases of user testing prior to marketing the tool publicly. After 7 weeks of marketing, we collected data on user interactions with the tool and evaluated the reach of the tool. Results from user testing found the tool to be engaging, easy to use, and quick to complete. Adaptations were made to simplify and condense text and include additional animations. During the first seven weeks of the tool being live, it reached 2306 users, and 38.7% of those users were current or occasional tobacco users. Users were classified based on their intention to quit. Bivariate analysis found that the tool was successful in driving tobacco users towards action as 21.2% tobacco users who were looking to quit and 8.8% of tobacco users who were not looking to quit clicked on local tobacco cessation resources. This virtual health tool is reaching the targeted population and providing tailored information needed at each stage of the continuum of health behaviour change. Among tobacco users looking to quit, this virtual health tool acts as a quick referral to local tobacco cessation resources.
Investment Trade-Off between Mating Behavior and Tonic Immobility in the Sweetpotato Weevil Cylas formicarius (Coleoptera: Brentidae)
Authors: Ouyang Haoyong , Zhang Runzhi , Haseeb Muhammad
Published: January 2023

Numerous studies have confirmed that the trade-off between anti-predator behavior and mating behavior occurs in certain insect species. This suggests that insects invest more in anti-predator behavior, and fewer resources or time can be used in mating behavior. However, few studies focus on tonic immobility, an important anti-predator behavior in nature, and different stages in mating behavior. Tonic immobility (TI) is considered to be an important anti-predator behavior. Herein, we investigated the relationship between TI and mating behavior in the sweetpotato weevil (SPW), Cylas formicarius. As the first step, we artificially selected SPWs for the longer duration of TI (L-strain) and the shorter duration of TI (S-strain). The effect of courtship and copulation on the duration of TI in two artificial selection strains was tested. Furthermore, we compared the frequency and duration of two mating behaviors in four kinds of pairs (LF×LM, LF×SM, SF×LM, and SF×SM: LM—L-strain male; SM—S-strain male; LF—L-strain female; SF—S-strain female). Finally, we tested insemination success in four kinds of pairs (male and female SPWs from the L-strain or the S-strain). The courtship and copulation significantly reduced the duration of TI. Pairs with males from the L-strain showed lower frequency and longer duration of courtship than pairs with males from the S-strain. Similarly, males from L-strain pairs showed a longer period of copulation than pairs with males from the S-strain. However, there is no significant difference in the frequency of copulation and the success of insemination. These results support that there was a significant trade-off between TI and courtship as well as copulation in the SPW.
Rotation of Multiple Single-Gene Transgenic Crops Did Not Slow the Evolution of Resistance to Cry1F or Cry1Ie in Ostrinia furnacalis
Authors: Wang Yueqin , Quan Yudong , Wang Zhenying , He Kanglai
Published: January 2023

A common strategy for delaying the evolution of resistance to transgenic crops that produce insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis is to ensure that insect pests are exposed to multiple toxins with different mechanisms of action (MoAs). This can take the form of planting crops in a rotation pattern when different crops expressing single toxins are available on the market. The efficacy of a rotation strategy is reliant on mathematical models based on biological assumptions. Here, we designed laboratory evolution experiments to test whether Bt-based insecticidal proteins with different MoAs used in rotation could delay resistance from developing in Asian corn borer (ACB), Ostrinia furnacalis. We investigated the proteins Cry1Ab, Cry1F, and Cry1Ie, which are widely utilized for commercial insect control. We found that rotation of multiple toxins did not slow the evolution of resistance to Cry1F or Cry1Ie. Furthermore, the evolution of ACB to the Cry1Ab toxin develops faster when Cry1F or Cry1Ie is present, as compared to Cry1Ab exposure only. Our results suggest that toxins used in a rotation fashion do not work as an effective strategy in delaying ACB resistance evolution to Cry toxins over one-toxin exposure. Our result highlights the need to better understand the biological factors leading to insecticidal protein resistance and to develop IRM strategies against target insects.
An Individualized, Less-Invasive Surgical Approach Algorithm Improves Outcome in Elderly Patients Undergoing Mitral Valve Surgery
Authors: Oezpeker Ulvi Cenk , Barbieri Fabian , Höfer Daniel , Gollmann-Tepeköylü Can , Holfeld Johannes , Sommerauer Florian , Wagner Julian , Rajsic Sasa , Ersahin Suat , Bonaros Nikolaos , Grimm Michael , Ludwig Müller
Published: January 2023

Background: For mitral valve surgery (MVS) in elderly, frail patients with increasing life expectancy, finding the least harmful means of access is a challenge. In the complexity of MVS approach evolution, using three different approaches (mini-thoracotomy (MT), partial upper-sternotomy (PS), full-sternotomy (FS), we developed a personalized, minimized-invasiveness algorithm for MVS. Methods: In this retrospective analysis, 517 elderly patients (≥70 years) were identified who had undergone MVS ± TV repair. MVS was performed via MT (n = 274), FS (n = 128) and PS (n = 115). The appropriate access type was defined according to several clinical patient conditions. Using uni- and multivariate regression models, we analyzed combined operative success (residual MV regurgitation, conversion to MV replacement or larger thoracic incisions); perioperative success (30-days mortality, thoracotomy, ECMO, pacemaker implantation, dialysis, longer ventilation); and reoperation-free long-term survival. An additional EuroSCORE2 adjustment was performed to reduce the bias of clinical conditions between all access types. Results: The EuroSCORE2-adjusted Cox regression analysis showed significantly increased reoperation-free survival in the MT cohort compared to FS (HR 0.640; 95% CI 0.442–0.926; p = 0.018). Mortality was additionally reduced after the implementation of PS (p = 0.023). Combined operative success was comparable between the three access types. The perioperative success was higher in the MT cohort compared to FS (OR 2.19, 95% CI 1.32–3.63; p = 0.002). Conclusion: Less-invasive approaches in elderly patients improve perioperative success and reoperation-free survival in those undergoing MVS procedures.
Effect of Compatibilizer and Organoclay Reinforcement on Morphology and Properties of Styrene Copolymer Blends
Authors: Triantou Marianna , Gavriel Marios , Tarantili Petroula A.
Published: January 2023

The blending of polymers leads to materials with the desired combined properties. These properties can further be improved by the incorporation of compatibilizer, organoclay, or both. In the present manuscript, the effects of compatibilizer and organoclay, as well as their combined use on the rheological, thermal, and mechanical properties of styrene copolymer blends, is examined. Styrene-containing copolymers blends were prepared by melt-mixing in a twin screw extruder. The addition of SAN into ABS decreases its thermal stability, whereas it increases its tensile strength and modulus. The incorporation of organoclay in ABS/SAN blends increases their viscosity and slightly improves their thermal stability and significantly improves the tensile and storage moduli. In PC/SAN blends, the SAN copolymer increases the flow rate, as well as the tensile strength and modulus of PC, whereas it decreases the thermal stability. The addition of ABS-g-MAH compatibilizer in PC/SAN blends increases the melt viscosity and maximum decomposition rate temperature of SAN phase, while it leads to the earlier decomposition of the PC phase. The incorporation of organoclay reinforcement enhances the thermal decomposition resistance of thes SAN phase. The opposite effect was recorded for the PC phase. The addition of organoclay enhances the elastic modulus of PC/SAN hybrids.