bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Certificate Institution Activity System sebagai Penunjang Positive Legal Soft-Skill dalam Job Acceptance
Authors: Rif'an Moh. , Sitepu Misael Avemnasal , Stiawan Hary
Published: June 2022

Problematika yang ada dalam penyelenggaraan pendidikan adalah masalah yang cukup serius, dimana kesalahan yang dapat disimpulkan dalam permasalahan pendidikan akan mengakibatkan kerusakan internal bangsa yang dapat terpantau melalui IPM (Indeks Pembangunan Manusia). Namun yang menjadi masalah adalah adanya eksistensi masyarakat yang sudah lanjut usia produktif sekolah namun tidak memiliki jenjang pendidikan atau tunawisma pendidikan. Dalam tulisan ini penulis menggagas Sertifikasi Legal Soft Skill sebagai wujud implementasi UUD 1945 beserta amandemennya (Pasal 31 ayat 2) dan Pasal 28 C ayat 1 UUD 1945. Agar muncul sebuah jalur alternative bagi para tunawisma pendidikan supaya kembali memegang haknya atas perkembangan diri melalui kebutuhan dasar, mendapatkan pendidikan dan memperoleh manfaat dari ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi  demi meningkatkan kualitas hidupnya.
Eksistensi Peran Serikat Buruh dalam Upaya Memperjuangkan Hak Upah Pekerja
Authors: Podungge Ismi Pratiwi
Published: June 2022

Buruh dan Tenaga Kerja memiliki tujuan utama dalam melakoni pekerjaan mereka sebagai salah satu stakeholder vital yang menunjang perekonomian. Bukan hanya untuk mengabdi pada negara, tetapi juga sebagai upaya untuk memenuhi berbagai macam kebutuhan hidup. Namun pada faktanya, seringkali pemberi kerja tidak sepenuhnya dapat memberi kesejahteraan yang layak. Upah atau gaji yang didapat acapkali tidak sesuai dengan beban pekerjaan yang dilakukan. Oleh karena itu, disinilah serikat pekerja atau serikat buruh memiliki peranan yang penting dalam memenuhi kepentingan buruh atau tenaga kerja di suatu perusahaan. Secara normatif, ketentuan mengenai serikat buruh atau serikat pekerja terdiaspora dalam beberapa peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia terutama dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2000 tentang Serikat Pekerja. Walaupun terdapat juga problematika yang melingkupinya terutama karena adanya ketentuan dimungkinkannya didirikan beberapa serikat pekerja dan dibolehkannya menerima sumbangan dari negara lain. Namun eksistensi dan kondisi saat ini membuat eksistensi serikat pekerja semakin diterima luas.
Kontestasi Kewenangan Komisi Yudisial sebagai Element of External Auditor dalam Proses Rekrutmen Hakim Agung
Authors: Larasati Andriani
Published: June 2022

Posisi Komisi Yudisial dalam hieraki lembaga yudisial sekarang mengalami degradasi penafsiran wewenang sesuai Pasal 24B Ayat (1) UUD NRI 1945 terkait peranannya dalam menyeleksi hakim untuk peradilan umum, agama dan tata usaha negara, melalui Putusan Nomor 43/PUU-XIII/2015. Putusan itu mengubah kedudukan dan kewenangan Komisi Yudisial menjadi sebuah badan kehakiman yang hanya berfungsi dalam hal pengawasan masalah etika-profesi terhadap para hakim. Pengikutsertaan Komisi Yudisial dalam seleksi hakim dengan tujuan untuk menemukan hakim yang berintegritas dan profesional telah dihapuskan. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut, maka diskursus mengenai kontestasi kewenangan Komisi Yudisial dalam proses rekrutmen Hakim Agung muncul sebagai suatu urgensi pembahasan dalam bidang penelitian hukum tentang Indepedency of External Auditor dalam kekuasaan kehakiman di Indonesia.
Rekonstruksi Regulasi terhadap KPK dalam Pemberantasan Kasus Tindak Pidana Korupsi di Indonesia
Authors: Iswara Dina Aprilia
Published: June 2022

Korupsi merupakan kejahatan partikular yang memberikan kerugian khususnya bagi keuangan negara. Korupsi sendiri dapat terjadi di berbagai sektor baik publik maupun privat. Dikarenakan akibat dari korupsi yang memberikan skala besar, maka muncul urgensi untuk pengembalian keuangan negara dari hasil korupsi. Dalam sektor publik, dapat dilakukan penanggulangan korupsi dengan melakukan pembuktian terbalik atau yang disebut sebagai Omkering van het Bewijslast atau Reversal Burden of Proof dikarenakan sifat dari korupsi itu sendiri yang sistematis dan sulit untuk diendus oleh penegak hukum. Sedangkan di sektor privat, salah satu yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan memanfaatkan institusi Stolen Asset Recovery (StAR) yang merupakan hasil kerjasama antara World Bank dan UNODC dengan negara-negara berkembang untuk mencegah pencucian hasil korupsi, dengan Mutual Legal Assistance sebagai hulunya. Selain itu untuk privat dalam sektor domestik dapat memanfaatkan peran dari Whistleblower yang akan melaporkan adanya dugaan tindak pidana korupsi di sektor swasta. Secara umum untuk menekan atau meminimalisir kemungkinan terjadinya tindak pidana korupsi, dapat digunakan langkah preventif-moralistik seperti menyiapkan tatanan pemerintah yang berbasis Good Governance. Sedangkan selanjutnya diperkuat dengan langkah yang bersifat represif-proaktif dengan mengoptimalkan penggunaan Undang-Undang Tindak Pidana Korupsi dan Undang-Undang Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang sebagai hilir dari penanganan korupsi di Indonesia.
Re-Tax (Restaurant Waste Tax): Pemberlakuan Pajak untuk Menekan Dampak Limbah Restoran Demi Terwujudnya Indonesia sebagai Poros Kelestarian Lingkungan Dunia
Authors: Alfedo Juan Maulana , Yofita Emilda , Sari Laras Ayu Lintang
Published: June 2022

Limbah menjadi masalah serius yang terjadi di berbagai negara khususnya di Indonesia. Salah satunya adalah Limbah Restoran yang dapat dikategorikan sebagai limbah organik dan limbah cair domestik. Limbah Restoran yang tidak diolah dengan baik dapat menjadi salah satu faktor pencemaran lingkungan. Apalagi di tahun 2030 dengan masalah utama adalah peningkatan populasi di perkotaan, perubahan pola konsumsi masyarakat, masuknya restoran yang menyedikan berbagai makanan cepat saji akan lebih memprihatinkan jika tidak segera ditangani. Pengelolaan Limbah Restoran yang tidak benar dapat menimbulkan masalah yaitu tercemarnya udara yang tidak sedap di lingkungan sekitar restoran, sarang penyakit, pencemaran lingkungan dan penyumbatan saluran air. Beberapa data yang diperoleh dari KemenLH pada tahun 2017 yakni jumlah total limbah yang dihasilkan di Indonesia sebesar 187,2 juta ton per tahun, sedangkan untuk Limbah Restoran 16,7 juta ton per tahun atau setara dengan 44,5%. Dari hal tersebut penulis memberikan solusi berupa pemberlakuan pajak limbah (Re-Tax: Restaurant Waste Tax) untuk menekan dampak Limbah Restoran demi terwujudnya indonesia sebagai poros kelestarian lingkungan dunia. Sistem yang akan diterapkan adalah dengan menggunakan data limbah maksimum sebagai dasar pemberlakukan pajak. Dengan sistematikanya sesuai dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 42 Tahun 2009 yaitu diambil 10% dari penjualan.  Penulis menggunakan metode penulisan yuridis-normatif, dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual. Dalam memberikan solusi tersebut diharapkan mampu mencapai tujuan yaitu menanggulangi kerusakan lingkungan karena Limbah-Limbah Restoran yang belum dilakukan pengolahan, menekan jumlah pembuangan Limbah Restoran, menjaga kelestarian lingkungan dan menambah pendapatan pemerintah daerah melalui pemberlakuan pajak.
Rekonstruksi Sanksi Pidana Korporasi dalam Tindak Pidana Lingkungan Hidup Berparadigma Green Victimology
Authors: Nurhasanah Sindy Riani Putri , Evelina Shane , Jannah Diah Ayu Ma'rifatul
Published: June 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjawab dua persoalan, yaitu: 1) Bagaimana urgensi rekonstruksi sanksi pidana korporasi dalam tindak pidana lingkungan hidup dari paradigma Green Victimology?; dan 2) Bagaimana rekonstruksi sanksi pidana korporasi dalam tindak pidana lingkungan hidup berparadigma Green Victimology?. Untuk menjawab persoalan tersebut, penulis melakukan penelitian doktrinal menggunakan data sekunder dengan teknik analisis kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) urgensi rekonstruksi sanksi pidana korporasi dalam tindak pidana lingkungan hidup didasarkan pada belum adanya konsistensi sanksi yang berorientasi pada lingkungan, sehingga sanksi pidana berupa pemulihan tidak berjalan optimal. Mendasarkan pada paradigma green victimology, korban tindak pidana lingkungan hidup sesungguhnya adalah lingkungan hidup. Dengan demikian, sanksi pidana berupa pemulihan perlu ditempatkan sebagai pilihan utama; 2) Rekonstruksi sanksi pidana korporasi dalam tindak pidana lingkungan hidup berparadigma Green Victimology dapat dilakukan dengan beberapa alternatif diantaranya: menjadikan pemulihan sebagai sanksi pidana pokok atau menegaskan Double-Track System berupa pengenaan sanksi pidana pokok dan sanksi pidana tambahan, di mana sanksi pidana tambahan yang diwajibkan adalah pemulihan. Adapun apabila sanksi pidana tambahan berupa pemulihan tidak dapat dilakukan, maka sanksi pidana tambahan berupa perampasan aset atau penutupan kegiatan usaha dapat dikenakan sebagai pengganti. Pelaksanaan tindakan pemulihan diawasi oleh jaksa dengan melibatkan berbagai Stakeholder seperti masyarakat terdampak, pemerhati lingkungan hidup, dan Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan (KLHK) RI.
Inventarisasi Putusan Peradilan Adat Sendi sebagai Upaya Memperkuat Constitutional Culture dalam Negara Hukum Pancasila
Authors: Prasetio Dicky Eko
Published: June 2022

Hukum Adat Sendi memiliki kekhasan dalam pelaksanaan peradilan adat, yaitu menggunakan Kitab Kutaramanawa Dharmasastra serta menggunakan empat aparatur lokal Hukum Adat Sendi, yaitu: Cakrabuana, Jaksa Adat, Pamengku, dan Kasepuhan. Kekhasan tersebut juga terwujud pada putusan Peradilan Adat Sendi yang seharusnya dapat menjadi bahan pertimbangan bagi hakim di pengadilan untuk menggali nilai-nilai yang hidup (living law) pada masyarakat Adat Sendi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statutory approach) dan pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach). Bahan hukum primer terdiri dari UUD NRI 1945, putusan pengadilan, serta Undang-Undang yang berkaitan dengan hukum adat, kemudian bahan hukum sekunder terdiri dari artikel jurnal, buku, serta website yang berkaitan dengan hukum adat, Peradilan Adat Sendi, serta konsep constitutional culture dan negara hukum Pancasila, kemudian bahan non hukum terdiri dari buku dan artikel jurnal non-hukum yang bersifat menunjang penelitian ini seperti tentang masyarakat adat, kebudayaan, serta Pancasila. Masalah hukum (legal issue) dalam penelitian ini yaitu kekosongan hukum di tingkat Undang-Undang yang mengatur secara khusus mengenai masyarakat hukum adat. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa inventarisasi putusan Peradilan Adat Sendi diperlukan untuk melakukan internalisasi dan eksternalisasi nilai Hukum Adat Sendi serta diperlukan dalam perannya untuk memperkuat aspek Constitutional Culture dalam negara hukum Pancasila.
Analisis Kasus Putusan Nomor Perkara 136/Pdt.Sus-Phi/2020/PN Jkt.Pst. Ditinjau dari Perspektif Hukum Ketenagakerjaan dan Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja
Authors: Devita Seventina Monda , Ayu Fourazizah Widyaning
Published: June 2022

PT. Sepatu Bata, Tbk. tersandung perkara Perselisihan Hubungan Industrial yang gugatannya diajukan oleh karyawannya sendiri yang bernama Agus Setiawan. Masalah ini berawal dari Tergugat yang membubarkan departemen tempat Penggugat bekerja beserta melakukan PHK dengan alasan efisiensi. Namun, Tergugat menolak untuk membayar hak ketenagakerjaan penggugat dan malah mengajukan rincian kerugian yang diharapkan digantikan dengan hak-hak ketenagakerjaan Penggugat. Tentu saja tindakan PHK yang dilakukan Tergugat dan penagihan kerugian untuk menggantikan hak ketenagakerjaan tersebut tidak dibenarkan dalam hukum. Dalam paper ini, penulis akan membahasnya dari sudut pandang Hukum Ketenagakerjaan dan Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja.
Peran Serikat Pekerja/Buruh dalam Penyelesaian Perselisihan Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja Secara Sepihak yang Dilakukan oleh Perusahaan terhadap Pekerja/Buruh
Authors: Podungge Ismi Pratiwi , Patiolo David , Silvya Vrisca , Hanifa Isma
Published: June 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui mengenai peran serikat pekerja/buruh dalam penyelesaian perselisihan pemutusan hubungan kerja secara sepihak yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan terhadap pekerja/buruh. Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja telah memiliki pengaturan tersendiri yang termuat dalam Bab XII Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan. Namun pada praktiknya di lapangan, undang-undang tersebut masih memiliki beberapa kelemahan dimana dalam aturan-aturannya ditemukan celah yang dapat membuat perusahaan menyimpangi isi atau makna dari aturan mengenai Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja. Adapun jenis penelitian yang digunakan penulis adalah jenis penelitian yuridis normatif dititikberatkan pada penggunaan data kepustakaan atau data sekunder yang berupa bahan hukum primer, sekunder dan tersier. Analisis data yang digunakan oleh penulis menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif merupakan uraian dalam bentuk kalimat yang teratur, runtut, logis dan efektif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini maka dapat diketahui bahwa sangat dibutuhkannya serikat pekerja atau buruh dalam hal menangani permasalahan-permasalahan yang ada dalam suatu perusahaan, salah satunya adalah permasalahan pemutusan hubungan kerja yang biasanya dilakukan secara sepihak oleh pengusaha dan merugikan pekerja/buruh itu sendiri. Dalam tulisan ini, penulis juga bermaksud melakukan komparasi pengaturan peran Serikat Pekerja/Buruh dalam Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Cipta Kerja.
Pengabaian Kepentingan Alih Teknologi dalam Urgensi Pertumbuhan Investasi Saat Pandemi
Authors: Svalerit Galih Agra , Irawan Cindy Haura
Published: June 2022

Penurunan perekonomian negara sejak terjadinya pandemi, memicu Pemerintah untuk menarik minat investasi. Penggunaan tenaga kerja asing serta penguasaan teknologi, menjadi syarat terjadinya hubungan investasi asing. Data dari Kementerian Ketenagakerjaan menunjukkan bahwa 29,21 juta pekerja terdampak akibat pandemi. Hal ini merupakan ancaman yang serius bagi tenaga kerja Indonesia. Investasi dengan alih teknologi seharusnya menjadi solusi lahirnya tenaga kerja Indonesia terdidik. Namun, hubungan kontraktual ini belum memiliki landasan yang kuat sehingga terdapat ketidakseimbangan antara penerima dan pemilik teknologi. Hadirnya Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Cipta Kerja dinilai belum menunjang pelaksanaan alih teknologi, sehingga perlu adanya ketentuan perundang-undangan yang jelas mengenai ini.
Eksistensi Pengakuan Hak Masyarakat Hukum Adat Sasak atas Tanah di Kabupaten Lombok Utara
Authors: Mandala Opan Satria
Published: June 2022

Permasalahan utama eksistensi masyarakat hukum adat telah terjadi sejak sebelum Indonesia merdeka dan berkembang setelah kemerdekaan serta memuncak di era pemerintahan Orde Baru hingga kini, yakni dengan penetapan Hak Pengelolaan Lahan oleh pemerintah tanpa didasarkan peraturan perundang-undangan seperti amanat Pasal 33 ayat 5 UUD NRI. Padahal, keberadaan & pengakuan masyarakat hukum adat telah diakui sejak sebelum fase kemerdekaan Republik Indonesia. Pengaturan mengenai pengakuan eksistensi masyarakat hukum adat dapat dikenali karena dijadikan dasar dalam penyusunan Hukum Tanah Nasional. Saran penulis agar Kabupaten Lombok Utara segera merumuskan dan menerbitkan Peraturan Daerah berkenaan dengan Pengakuan dan Penghormatan Hak Masyarakat Hukum Adat (Hak Paer), khususnya berkenaan dengan penguatan Pawang (hutan adat). Karena eksistensi peraturan ini selama ini merupakan kebijakan pemerintah; konsepsi ini seharusnya diubah menjadi sebuah peraturan bersama.
Kebijakan Pemberlakuan Pembatasan Kegiatan Masyarakat (PPKM) Dilihat dari Perspektif Hukum Internasional dan Politik Hukum dalam Pengendalian Penyebaran Covid-19 di Indonesia
Authors: Khairiyah Anis
Published: June 2022

Pemberlakukan Pembatasan Kegiatan Masyarakat (PPKM) merupakan salah satu kebijakan pemerintah dalam menanggulangi Pandemi Covid-19. Penerapan PPKM menimbulkan pro dan kontra baik dalam hal penerapan sanksi yang tidak adil dan jamsos tidak merata yang secara normatif tidak sesuai dengan prinsip hukum nasional maupun internasional. Penelitian ini membahas mengenai aturan-aturan yang berlaku dalam pembentukan dan penerapan kebijakan PPKM dari perspektif hukum internasional dan politik hukum. Penentuan arah kebijakan politik hukum dilihat melalui dua indikator yaitu proses pembentukan kebijakan & implementasi kebijakan di masyarakat. Politik hukum demokratis merupakan pilihan arah kebijakan paling ideal yang harus dipilih oleh negara, sehingga kebijakan PPKM seharusnya sesuai dengan arah kebijakan politik hukum demokratis.
Aktualisasi Kedudukan Hukum Islam dalam Perspektif Hukum Nasional Indonesia
Authors: Apriani Nabilah
Published: June 2022

Hukum yang rigid dan non-fleksible akan menimbulkan sebuah konflik secara kompleks. Sehingga diperlukan suatu sistem hukum yang keberadaannya dapat diterima oleh masyarakat. Penelitian ini berfokus pada bagaimana kedudukan Hukum Islam dalam perspektif hukum nasional Indonesia serta bagaimana penerapan Hukum Islam di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan cara melakukan penelaahan terhadap teori, konsep dan peraturan perundang-undangan secara komprehensif guna menemukan jawaban atas permasalahan dalam penelitian. Sehingga dihasilkan sebuah kesimpulan bahwa kedudukan Hukum Islam di Indonesia telah sejalan dengan tatanan filosofis-politis, yuridis dan sosiologis. Meskipun pada pelaksanaannya masih menemukan kendala, namun Hukum Islam telah berhasil memberikan kontribusi terhadap pembentukan hukum nasional. Hal ini terbukti dengan diformulasikannya Hukum Islam ke dalam beberapa produk peraturan perundang-undangan Indonesia.
Tradisi Merariq dalam Kacamata Hukum Adat dan Hukum Islam
Authors: Hamdani Fathul , Fauzia Ana
Published: June 2022

Salah satu tradisi yang masih dilestarikan oleh masyarakat Suku Sasak di Lombok adalah tradisi Merariq (kawin lari). Tradisi ini merupakan tradisi unik dan khas, sebab umumnya masyarakat menganggap kawin lari sebagai pelangaran terhadap hukum adat, seperti Batak, Bali, Bugis, Makasar, Sumbawa dan Mandar. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengkaji hubungan antara hukum adat dan Hukum Islam, serta bagaimana pandangan terhadap tradisi Merariq ditinjau dari kacamata hukum adat dan Hukum Islam. Hasil penelitian mengetengahkan bahwa hukum adat dan Hukum Islam saling melengkapi tanpa kehilangan identitas masing-masing. Misalnya sebelum UU Perkawinan berlaku, maka dalam perkawinan bagi umat Islam, Hukum Perkawinan Islam merupakan tolok ukur bersama-sama dengan Hukum Perkawinan Adat. Kemudian terkait tradisi Merariq, sesungguhnya sudah dianut oleh masyarakat Suku Sasak sejak zaman dahulu. Adapun dalam prosesnya, tradisi Merariq juga tetap mengacu pada Syari’at Islam.
Implikasi Cerai Mati bagi Kedudukan Istri terhadap Hutang Perbankan Peninggalan Suami Menurut Perspektif Hukum Perdata dan Hukum Islam
Authors: Maheswara Mohamad Yuflih Huda
Published: June 2022

Perkawinan merupakan perikatan sah antara laki-laki dengan perempuan untuk membentuk keluarga dan melanjutkan keturunan. Perkawinan dapat berakhir salah satunya dikarenakan oleh kematian pihak suami dengan meninggalkan harta dan hutang. Diantara berbagai hutang, salah satu kasus yang ramai ditemui adalah hutang perbankan. Di sisi lain, awamnya pengetahuan kedudukan istri atas warisan hutang mendiang suami banyak ditemui. Istri berada pada posisi rentan atas pelanggaran kewajiban. Kewajiban istri untuk melunasi ini dituangkan dengan mengulas bagaimana Hukum Islam dan hukum perdata mengatur masalah hutang dengan metode yuridis-normatif.
Development of a Mobile Driving Simulator to Eliminate False Motion Cues
Authors: Abdullah M. , Koetniyom S. , Carmai J.
Published: June 2022

Driving Simulators are a valuable tool for the evaluation of driver assistance systems and analysis of user behaviour. They consist of a vehicle mock-up and a display, motion and an audio system. As, driving is mainly a visual task and the driver receives most of the information through his eyes, so the configuration of the display is very important for accurate perception of surroundings. Important features of a display system are its distance from driver's eyes, field of view, continuity and the picture quality of the displayed image. In order to simulate motion, most of the existing driving simulators consist of a dome, mounted on a Stewart platform, which is either stationary or moves on a rail or a horizontal table. Due to the limiting working space of the motion system of such driving simulators, they cannot accurately simulate longitudinal accelerations so they use scaled vehicle dynamics model or blend the longitudinal movement of simulator with the tilt movement, which the driver perceives as unrealistic motion cues. To eliminate the issues of false motion perception in the driver, a mobile driving simulator is developed, which is to be driven on a planar area and a display system is designed around it. The display system covers the horizontal and vertical field of view of the driver and the distance of the display system from the driver's eyes is chosen in such a way that it takes into account the accommodation effects, which helps in the perception of depth. This results in a display system in the form of 220º cylindrical dome with a diameter of approximately 4.8 meter.
Linear Quadratic Regulator Based Control Device for Active Suspension System with Enhanced Vehicle Ride Comfort
Authors: Putra S.M.S.M. , Yakub F. , Rasid Z.A. , Zaki S.A. , Ali M.S.M. , Daud Z.H.C.
Published: June 2022

The suspension system is required in an automobile in order to absorb shock that comes from various type of disturbances such as irregular road profile, engine vibrations and wheel. Besides, the suspension plays an important part in enhancing the passenger ride comfort. The suspension will make sure that the tire is always contacted with the road for a better grip and braking. Conventionally, passive suspension has been used in car manufacturing that leads to huge vibrations that affect the ride quality. This is because ride comfort of passengers gets affected by overshoot and settling time of vehicle under vibration. Therefore, a good controller design is required to minimize the vibrations. In this research, an active suspension of quarter car model that considers only vertical movement is utilized in the suspension system. This paper presents a Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) method to enhance the vehicle ride comfort towards the vibration of the suspension system. The control design approach is then compared with the classical control which is the Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) that is set as a benchmark control. The results for both controllers are evaluated through simulations in MATLAB and Simulink Software. Other than using the passenger vehicle parameters, the parameters of bus are also tested into the system to investigate the vehicle performance by taking the bumps and road pavements as road disturbances. The results obtained from the simulations show that the responses of the quadratic based approach give the significant improvement in minimizing the vibration and fast settling time compared to passive and PID control.
Key Technologies Driving the Car of the Future
Authors: Abdul Rahman H.
Published: June 2022

The automotive industry is becoming increasingly coupled with digital technologies. Today, as the digital transformation sweeps across the automotive sector, cars are on the verge of becoming technical accessories. While its fundamental purpose to transfer people from 'Point A' to 'Point B' has remained unchanged, practically all of the value-added characteristics of the vehicle are now related to digital capabilities, shifting the focus from hardware to software content.
Vehicle Road Accident Prediction Model Along Federal Road FT050 Kluang-A/Hitam-B/Pahat Route Using Excess Zero Data
Authors: Prasetijo J. , Musa W.Z. , Mohd Jawi Z. , Zainal Z.F. , Anuar K. , Ridho M.A. , Aron M.A.M.
Published: June 2022

Traffic accidents have become a major socio-economic problem in Malaysia and are considered the primary cause of mortality. Over 60 percent of these fatal accidents occurred on rural roads. Nearly half of all fatalities took place on federal roads and over a quarter happened on state roads. It is also estimated that about 2 percent of the country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP), or approximately RM 9 billion, is lost through road accidents. Several models therefore have been developed for modelling the occurrence of accidents, but most of these models have plenty of deficiencies. The following study focuses on stochastic regression models, such as Poisson, Negative Binomial, Zero- Inflated Poisson and Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial with excess zero outcomes on the response variables. Furthermore, R-statistical programming is used to specify the regression relationship with a sophisticated result. The method used consider as updating approach in predicting potential road accidents, which can also produce an accuracy probability of hazardous locations. Based on road accident data collected over a five-year period from 2010 to 2014 at Federal Road F0050: Kluang- A/Hitam-B/Pahat in Johor, Malaysia, results of this study show that Zero Inflated model performed better, in terms of the comparative criteria based on the AIC value.
Measuring Traffic Enforcement Programme Efficiency using Perception of Being Caught (POBC)
Authors: Isah N. , Mohd Jawi Z. , Ali M.H.
Published: June 2022

Aside from being seen as the best indicator of an enforcement programme's efficiency, the "perception of being caught" (POBC) is also proven to be an effective means to gauge traffic law compliance among Malaysian road users. Therefore, the ultimate aim of this study is to produce a trend analysis of road users' POBC for committing traffic offences during festive seasons between the years 2008 and 2015. This study utilises secondary data from previous POBC studies covering the three main periods; i.e., before, during and after the implementation of OPS Bersepadu Enforcement Programme for Chinese New Year (CNY) and Hari Raya Aidilfitri (HRA) in Malaysia. Although the OPS Bersepadu programme has been around for years, this particular study shall only analyse the data from 2008 until 2015. Previous OPS Bersepadu studies have involved some 42,171 Malaysian road users and were conducted at selected locations along federal roads and expressways. The inferential statistics have documented significant difference and mean scores during the 8-year period. Further, the success of OPS Bersepadu has been at a moderate level, although such a programme is still being continued. Overall, this study finds that POBC is one of the most well-known tools for assessing an enforcement programme's efficiency. In addition, it also highlights the importance of enhancing current traffic enforcement programmes to increase the POBC level among road users.
Wireless Signal Propagation Analysis on Connected Autonomous Vehicle Test Bed in Northern Malaysia
Authors: Fadzilla M.A. , Harun A. , Abu Bakar S. , Hashim M.S.M. , Wan W.K. , Ibrahim I. , Mahayadin A.R. , Rani M.F.H. , Md Isa M.H.
Published: June 2022

Connected and Autonomous Vehicle (CAV) technologies are among the most heavily researched automotive technologies in the industry with regards to making it more efficient and flexible for the user. This paper discusses the signal profile observed on connected autonomous vehicle testbed environment in an approved UniMAP Circuit. Wireless devices were used to perform channel measurements in such an environment. Data were collected and observation was recorded and analysed. The purpose is to analyse and evaluate signal propagation properties for the optimization of wireless roadside devices in CAV application such as junction controller. Two important paths have been chosen to represent the environment and transmitter to receiver communications were measured and characteristics are recorded at which Path 1 is on a tar road while Path 2 is a mix of gravel-tar-grass field. The result shows that both paths show an abrupt decrease in signal power for the first 10 m showing the diffusion region of signal propagation and then starts to fluctuate between -62 dBm and -93 dBm for Path 1 while it fluctuates between -44 dBm and -79 dBm for Path 2. From these results, we can conclude that the performance of the signal profile differs relative to the different surfaces they propagate. These results will definitely have a major effect in the application of any Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) technologies in regards to signal propagation being analysed beforehand, making sure that the signal transmission works at its best.
Hazard Detection among Young and Experienced Drivers via Driving Simulator
Authors: Borhan N. , Ibrahim M.K.A. , Ab Rashid A.A.
Published: June 2022

Hazard perception test (HPT) is one of a common task in perceiving hazard among drivers. Many countries have been adopting this method to assess an individual’s driving competency in order to acquire driving licenses. Computer-based assessment was a common method widely used to carry out the HPT. Previous hazard perception studies using Malaysian samples reported mixed findings on the effectivity of reaction time-based HPT. Dissimilar with the common method, this study employed a full-size cabin driving simulator to study hazard perception, focussing on hazards detection between two groups of drivers: young and experienced. Results from 28 (15 young, 13 experienced) drivers indicated that young drivers detected hazards faster than their experienced counterparts, even though both groups have the same performance of hazard recognition. Correlational analysis revealed that driving frequency may be a factor contributing to the difference in response time between these two groups. Further analysis also indicates that different road environments contribute to different hazard perception performance.
Distracted Driving Measurement for Manual Destination Entry Using Navigation Device
Authors: Mohd Siam M.F. , Ab Rashid A.A. , Ibrahim M.K.A. , Borhan N.
Published: June 2022

This paper discusses the measurement of driver distraction for manual destination entry using navigation devices in a simulated traffic environment. 46 participants completed a number of secondary tasks while synchronously conducting the driving activities and performing the detection task. For comparison of the driving scenarios, three scenarios were used which were low speed, high speed, and traffic congestion. Secondary tasks including 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 14, 20 number of characters were assessed in the study. The results of this study showed that participants were more distracted with more demanding tasks to handle the destination entry as compared to baseline. In addition, we also found that participants attended the worst in terms of higher RT in traffic jam scenarios as compared to other two scenarios. This study shows that doing navigation task specifically destination entry while driving is considered as a distracting activity that possibly elevates the risk of a crash.
Periodical Technical Inspection on Taxi Roadworthiness
Authors: Zulkipli Z.H. , Sarani R. , Zainal Abidin A.N.S. , Solah M.S. , Osman M.R.
Published: June 2022

The objectives of this study are to analyse the taxi roadworthiness resulting from the mandatory Periodic Technical Inspection (PTI). The data was obtained from a local vehicle inspection company, PUSPAKOM and the dataset only involved taxis which had been sent to PUSPAKOM for roadworthiness inspection which includes initial inspection and periodic inspection. Majority of the taxis are EA type (Perkhidmatan Awam Teksi) with about 60% of the overall of the taxi population. Using logistic regression analysis, the probability of failure of PTI by the taxi was developed. The results indicate that with the existing periodic technical inspection for roadworthiness, the probability of an EA type taxi to have failed the periodic inspection (PTI) reaches 50% after Year-2. Moreover, for a well-maintained EA type taxi that had never failed before, the probability of it to fail in the coming inspection would reach 50% in Year-5.
Effects of Shelf Age Based on Types of Approval Marking on Passenger Car Tyres' Safety Performance
Authors: Ahmad Noor Syukri Z.A. , Wing K.D. , Mohd Rasid O. , Wong S.V.
Published: June 2022

Issues surrounding the use of aged tyres are one of the major concerns with regard to vehicle safety. The changes in rubber components due to the ageing process may cause changes in a tyre's mechanical and chemical properties which may lead to road crashes attributed to tyre failure. The main objective of this study is to discover the effects of tyre shelf age and approval markings on the performance of aftermarket passenger car tyres. This study involved conducting accelerated ageing on the randomly purchased tyres. By utilizing the Design of Experiment method, 48 passenger car tyres from four tyre manufacturers were used as test samples representing 'Marked' and 'Non-marked' tyres. Half of the samples were subjected to accelerated ageing process using an accelerated ageing chamber to simulate the desired age, to the maximum of 5-year old shelf aged. All new and aged tyres comprising both 'Marked' and 'Non- marked' groups were then tested under the Tyre Performance Test protocols stipulated in the Malaysian Standard (MS) 149:2008. All of the samples were tested in accordance with MS 149:2008 and the results were compared thoroughly by markings, age and type of failure. The study implied that age did have effects on safety performance of the tyres and significant difference in terms of safety performance was observed between 'Marked' and 'Non-marked' tyres. In overall 'Marked' tyres showed superior performance as compared to 'Non-marked' tyres for all of the tests conducted. The results had also provided crucial reference in terms of suggested age of tyre life span for proactive tyre replacement. The suggested tire life span for proactive tire replacement is 7.2 years-old for 'Marked' tyres and 2.3 years old for 'Non-marked' tyres. Since the Malaysian government has already gazetted the mandatory standard on tyre markings for the local market, relevant authorities need to take responsibility for the effective and efficient enforcement of compliance with the standard.
Use of GPS-Based Action Cameras in a Naturalistic Motorcycle Riding Study
Authors: Ibrahim M.K.A.
Published: June 2022

A pilot study was conducted to test the feasibility of using GPS- based action cameras in a large-scale naturalistic motorcycle riding data collection. A Garmin VIRB XE action camera was used to record riding behaviour data of four consenting participants from their place of residence to their place of work and other locations. Despite some limitations, the present study found that the methodology, data analysis approach and overall implementation plan were suitable for a larger scale study of this kind. Based on the recorded crash-relevant events, this study established a set of minimum required variables for a meaningful analysis of a naturalistic riding data. In addition, issues pertaining to data recording, data analysis and instrumentation were discussed and the potential solutions were suggested. Overall, this study strengthens the idea that a large-scale naturalistic motorcycle riding study can be conducted with lower financial cost, without substantially reducing the advantage of naturalistic data established by the previous large-scale studies.
Development and Validation of a New Questionnaire Assessing Women Perception on Malaysian Road Environment (WPRE)
Authors: Abu Samah I.H. , Abd Rashid I.M. , Wan Husain W.A.F. , Shamsudin A.S. , Amlus M.H. , Rahim N.S.A. , Ramlan S.N. , Salleh A.F.
Published: June 2022

High mobility rate among women has made them more vulnerable in the road environment. Lifestyle changes have urged many women to increase their mobility due to accommodate current demand. Therefore, women are exposed to the risk of accidents as many of them are populated in the road environment. However, most studies and instrumentation on-road environments are universal and not specifically targeting women's perception and anticipation preventing road accidents. Hence, the current study is developing and validating instrumentation of women's perception in Malaysia Road Environment. The sample of this study is 93 women with various age numbers. Out of 7 constructs, 6 were found most reliable and valid with the Cronbach Alpha value > 0.75. The present research provides details of factor analysis results, composite reliability, average variance extract, and reliability analysis which all concluded that the internal consistency of WPRE was not violated. Results reveal items developed are suitable to be adapted in future research with some modification. Finally, this research contributes to developing and validating women’s perception in a road accident which is reliable and valid for measuring WPRE.
The Impact of Glare During Daylight on Driving Performance: An Experimental Setup
Authors: Najib S.M. , Ab Wahab N. , Hassan M.Z. , Che Roselam M.A. , Johari M.H. , Ariffin A.H.
Published: June 2022

An Advanced Rear Visualization (ARV) based on camera technology is becoming more widely available in the automobile market as it increases the ability to see beyond the area of a mirror's image as well as helping to eliminate the driver’s blind spot. Besides, it assists the driver in parking, reversing, and maneuvering safely. Therefore, it is necessary to understand how people use them to do so effectively and efficiently. This paper describes an experimental setup to observe the driver’s behavior while reverse parking the car with and without the use of a camera as well as to observe the impact of glare during daylight on the driving performance. An area of 14 meters x 12 meters is designed as the Test Environment (TE) to fit in two parking spaces. Three cameras are used to monitor the participant’s head movements and eye movements. This research is designed to study and collect driver behavior data including the reaction time taken during parking concerning the driver with different age groups, camera usage during a sunny day, and also two different parking conditions which are parallel parking and perpendicular parking. This setup is expected to be implemented to forecast the camera usage among the drivers to help the driver park their car in the reverse direction to solve the limited blind spot issue. Collected data from this study will be used as the preliminary data for road test evaluation. It is to further study the impact of glare during daylight on driving performance.
Pedal Error Among Car Drivers: A Review on The Research Approach and Setup
Authors: Baharom M.Z. , Ahmad Z. , Hassan M.H.A. , Karjanto J. , Abu Kassim K.A. , Ismail N.M.A.
Published: June 2022

The movement of the driver’s foot from one pedal to another is a blind positioning movement. Variability of driver’s foot movement might lead to pedal error or pedal misapplication. In this paper, we reviewed the research focus in the pedal error study, who are the participants involved in the study, what kind of approach or method used to perform the pedal error study, how is the test setup, test condition, and flow of the study, and what are the factors influencing the pedal error accidents. The review searched relevant articles based on five keywords: pedal errors, pedal misapplication, sudden unintended acceleration (SUA), automotive foot pedals, and sudden acceleration accidents. Based on the review, the research focus is focusing on the factors causing the pedal error, understanding the fundamental principles of pedal misapplications, and characteristics of pedal errors among older drivers. The pedal error study has been conducted either using the naturalistic driving, driving simulation, or survey. The pedal error among ASEAN drivers is essential since there is no study related to this topic has been conducted in any ASEAN countries yet.
A Perspective Analysis of Road Accident Using Data Envelopment Analysis
Authors: Mokhtar K. , Ruslan S.M.M. , Abu Bakar A. , Wan Ahmad W.M.A. , Mokhtar U.A. , Abdul Halim W.Z. , Hor C.C.
Published: June 2022

The rapid growth of the economy has led to the increased in road traffic networks and had indirectly led to the rapid cases of road accidents in Malaysia. Road accidents are one of the main contributors to human deaths in Malaysia. This paper attempts to measure road accidents in Malaysia by looking at the road accidents of 13 states and a federal territory. The aim is to measure the numbers and causes of road accidents by using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Due to that, the input and output are identified to compute the efficiency level of road accidents. Apart of that, the trends in the number of road accidents in Malaysia is also depicted. For this study, the data from 2008 to 2011 for each Decision Making Unit (DMU) is analyzed. The result shows that the efficiency level did not determined by the number of vehicles on the road and the size of the state but it is determined by the utilization of resources by the authorities. It shows that managing input is important when the level of efficiency for the Decision-Making Unit (DMU) for the output is concerned. The outcome of this study supports the government measures to level up road maintenance in order to improve the efficiency level and curb the numbers of road accidents in Malaysia.
Auditory Alert for In-Vehicle Safety Technologies: A Review
Authors: Mohd Zaki N.I. , Che Husin S.M. , Abu Husain M.K. , Abu Husain N. , Ma'aram A. , Amilah Marmin S.N. , Adanan A.F. , Ahmad Y. , Abu Kassim K.A.
Published: June 2022

Safety technology has evolved rapidly in the past few years to become much more driver-aware and automatic. Many of these technologies build upon one another in a good, better, best pattern to provide the safest possible driving experience. It is expected that this system can eliminate or mitigate road accidents due to reckless and careless driving. However, safety or driver-assistance features are no substitute for the driver's responsibility to operate safely. A survey revealed that the warning alarms were turned off by 70% of drivers due to annoying audio characteristics. It is vital to consider frustration linked to an alarm, where it can affect the driver's behavior. It is recommended to identify optimum chime sound characteristics for the driver’s alert and respond appropriately to improve the effectiveness of the auditory signal. In this paper, a review on the identification of the type of warning modality, frequency setting, and warning priority for vehicle safety features technology from the selected vehicle manufacturers are explained.
Time to Collision for Emergency Obstacle Avoidance
Authors: Singh A.S.P. , Putra A. , Abu Kassim K.A.
Published: June 2022

Time to collision is one of the indices to decide if a collision is avoidable. This paper presents the study on emergency obstacle avoidance from the viewpoint of time to collision. The times to collision at which the autonomous emergency steering has to be initiated to avoid a collision are derived for the five functions which are used for the generation of the emergency lane change paths. These functions are circular arcs, polynomial, ramp sinusoidal, sigmoid, and trapezoidal acceleration profiles. The times to collision at which the steering avoidance by using these functions has to be initiated are computed and compared. For a given lane change maneuver width of 3.5 m and coefficients of friction of 0.9, 0.5, 0.2, circular arcs give the shortest, and sigmoid gives the longest time to collision.
The Development of an Automated Vehicle Simulator for On-Road Study
Authors: Karjanto J. , Md Yusof N. , Azmi M.S.I. , Hassan M.Z. , Zulkifli A.F.H. , Nazar M.I.S.M. , Ab Rashid A.A. , Mohd Jawi Z. , Abu Kassim K.A.
Published: June 2022

In the current development of Automated Vehicle (AV) technology, one of the challenges yet to be resolved is when the AV is driving in urban environments. There will be mixed traffic scenarios where the AV and Vulnerable Road Users (VRU) such as pedestrians, cyclists, and motorcyclists, will share the road infrastructures. In this study, an AV simulator is developed and will be used to study the interaction between an AV and motorcyclist when they encounter a specific situation on the real roads. The study begins with developing a test vehicle based on the three main systems: the vehicle's interior, outer appearance, and behavior. The vehicle's interior comprises four subsystems: data acquisition, sensor, monitoring, and power management system. The outer appearance system has a look-alike LiDAR system, while the driving style sub-system monitors the behavior system. Future improvement will include developing ghost drivers to be implemented together with this system to enhance this on- road simulator's saliency.
Development of Safety Star Grading Program: A Star Rating System for Express Bus Operator in Malaysia
Authors: Ahmad M.S. , Ameer Batcha W. , Othman I. , Ariffin A.H.
Published: June 2022

In 2007, the Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research (MIROS) with engagement from numerous stakeholders has come out with a Safety, Health and Environment Code of Practice (SHE COP). The main reason for the existence of this SHE COP is because of a drastic increase in the number of crashes within the five years involving commercial vehicles especially express buses. Subsequently, in 2010, SHE COP has been gazetted as Industrial Code of Practice for Transportation Sector (ICOP 2010) under the Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 (OSHA 1994). This ICOP 2010 can be used as guidelines to improve safety management for fleet operators. However, it has limitations to disseminate information to the public on the level of safe operation by the operators for them to make a good decision. Through some focus group discussions, a review of ICOP 2010, and a pilot test, MIROS has developed a star rating system named as Safety Star Grading Program (SSG) to provide information to the public on the level of safety management and service performance of the express bus operators. This SSG rating criteria consist of 4 elements which are safety, health, service performance, and comfort. Under the safety element, there are six sub-elements which are policy, organization, planning and implementation, evaluation, and action. Overall, this SSG was developed by referring to the basic concept of a safety management system to provide public transportation users with information to make a better decision on choosing the safest operator.
A Review of Motorcycle Safety Technologies from the Motorcycle and Passenger Car Perspectives
Authors: Abdul Khalid M.S. , Zulkipli Z.H. , Solah M.S. , Hamzah A. , Ariffin A.H. , Amir A.S. , Mohd Jawi Z. , Ahmad Y. , Abu Kassim K.A. , Khamis N.K.
Published: June 2022

Motorcycle riders have been the top contributor to road deaths for over a decade in Malaysia. With proper safety technology systems installed on the upcoming models, it is predicted that motorcycle crashes and deaths can be reduced in the next decade. This study aims to review the past, recent, and upcoming vehicle safety technologies from the motorcycle and passenger car perspective that can potentially help reduce motorcycle crashes and injury risks. Various safety technologies have been introduced for passenger cars such as anti-lock braking systems, electronic stability control, lane keep assistance, traction control, blind-spot detection, autonomous emergency braking, and many more. With the requirements of ASEAN NCAP, these technologies are introduced to make passenger cars safer and to avoid road collisions, especially with the motorcycle. However, the opposite is true for motorcycles where only expensive motorcycles have these safety technologies, while for lower- capacity motorcycles, only basic and compulsory technologies are introduced even though this group remains the top contributor to motorcycle crashes and road deaths in Malaysia. Therefore, it is suggested that more safety technologies be introduced for motorcycles especially lower-capacity models. While for passenger cars, there are newer technologies that can be introduced to improve the current offerings to enhance the safety of passenger cars and other vehicles on the road and reduce the risk of road fatalities.