bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A conceptual foundation for understanding musico-technological creativity
Authors: Slater Mark , Martin Adam
Published: June 2012

The point of departure for this article is the observation that increasing numbers of people are using technologies to create music. This rise in activity correlates directly with the proliferation of increasingly miniaturized music technologies which, in turn, implies an increasingly
fluid level of mobility. As technologies get smaller and lighter, locations previously unusable for musico-technology creativity become available. We assert that the context of creativity (including sociocultural and local-architectural dimensions) is inextricably entwined with the nature
of creativity. We set out a theoretical view that can trace and capture the relationship between the context and nature of creativity using an approach informed by phenomenology and critical realism. By understanding the essence of the invariant characteristics of musico-technological creativity,
the connecting sinews between the more familiar, centralized enactments (recording a drum kit in a studio) and the less localized, less formalized enactments (making a track from scratch on the train platform with a mobile phone) can be drawn out.
Music teaching and learning online: Considering YouTube instructional videos
Authors: Kruse Nathan B. , Veblen Kari K.
Published: June 2012

This article is the initial foray into a long-term comprehensive collaborative investigation of online music teaching and learning. We considered representative YouTube videos (N=40) from five folk/traditional music websites for pedagogical and musical content. Video selection and categorization
included banjo (n=10), fiddle (n=10), guitar (n=10) and mandolin (n=10) lessons. Content analysis factors took account of (1) video characteristics (length, teacher talktime), (2) instructor characteristics (gender, age, ethnicity), (3) musical content and (4) teaching methods. Results indicated
that the majority of the selected videos were geared towards beginners and that instructors tended to be white, middle aged males. Videos also included many forms of aural reinforcement, modelling, technique-based instruction and physiological prompts. Opportunities for improvisation, however,
were infrequent.
Sound, space, image and music: Hybridity in creative process through technology, interactivity and collaboration
Authors: Wilson Chris , Brown Michael
Published: June 2012

This article explores the dynamic interaction of sound and image creativity through technology. Focusing on the potential significance of the blurring of boundaries between the visual and the auditory in artistic perception and creative procedure, and more fluid approaches to collaboration
and artistic interaction through technology and virtual environments, issues are explored through the development and exhibition of original artwork. Developing mixed-media outcomes, reflections of particular aspects of human interaction with physical spaces emerged as a persistent theme in
collaborative work, technology providing an adaptable mechanism and medium of craft, as well as an influence on perspective and artistic perception. This article develops a contextual evaluation of the project, whilst focusing on the implications of technology for artistic practice and higher
education. With an emphasis on the development and understanding of musical creativity, the virtualization of compositional process and potential for enrichment of pedagogy and artistry are considered.
Intrinsic value: The arts in the high school curriculum
Authors: Davis Jessica Hoffmann
Published: June 2012

Against the backdrop of the metric-driven discourse dominating the educational landscape today, the unquantifiable benefits of arts education offer prime examples of vital aspects of teaching and learning that defy standardized measurement. This article outlines the particular features
of the arts and the learning they provide that make them essential parts of the core curriculum, and particularly crucial at the high school level. Drawing on recent research into reasons for dropping out of school and the relationship between arts education and student retention, the author
argues that an increase in arts education will help fight the daunting dropout rate that challenges educational reformers today.
Stability of osteopontin in plasma and serum
Authors: Lanteri Patrizia , Lombardi Giovanni , Colombini Alessandra , Grasso Dalila , Banfi Giuseppe
Published: June 2012

Background: Osteopontin is a glycoprotein widely expressed in many tissues and in different physiological conditions. Osteopontin concentrations are usually measured through immunological methods; however, little is known about the pre-analytical management of the sample. We evaluated the effects of different times and temperatures storage conditions on serum and plasma concentrations of osteopontin.

Methods: Serum and plasma aliquots were frozen at –80°C, following storage at 4°C or room temperature for 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 h. Osteopontin concentrations were determined by enzymoimmunometric assay. Serum samples obtained from tubes with or without gel separator were compared to verify the effect of gel. Western blotting analysis was performed to characterize the antibody.

Results: Osteopontin concentrations were stable over time in all conditions in both serum and plasma. Plasma showed 3.8–4.8-fold higher concentrations than serum. Comparable levels were found between serum tubes with or without gel separator and always lower than those in plasma, demonstrating no effect of gel in serum tubes. Western blotting analysis showed various osteopontin bands, indicating that the antibody recognizes the entire panel of different osteopontin forms.

Conclusions: We demonstrated the stability across 48 h of osteopontin in serum and plasma at either room temperature or 4°C, when the evaluation is carried out by an immune-based method. The minimal variations observed over time were always lower than the calculated intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation. Plasma specimens should be preferred when osteopontin concentration are assayed by immunological methods.
Testosterone protects the lower urinary tract from metabolic syndrome-induced alterations
Authors: Vignozzi Linda , Morelli Annamaria , Corona Giovanni , Sebastianelli Arcangelo , Serni Sergio , Gacci Mauro , Adorini Luciano , Maggi Mario
Published: June 2012

Epidemiological studies document a positive and independent association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). In the male, the pathogenesis of MetS-related LUTS involves a complex interplay among pathophysiological mechanisms mainly affecting the prostate and the bladder. Recently, hypogonadism has been recognized as a key factor bridging MetS and LUTS. Preclinical data have evidenced that MetS-induced hypogonadism is associated with alterations not only of the prostate but also of the bladder, and testosterone supplementation can counteract both. Interestingly, testosterone also shows a marked effect on the bladder, preventing the MetS-related RhoA/ROCK hyperactivation, which drives the pathogenesis of bladder overactivity and LUTS. The precise mechanisms through which testosterone exerts its protective action on the LUT remains to be fully elucidated; however, indirect (through improved cardiometabolic status) and direct (through local androgen receptor-mediated pathways) actions are both likely to play a role.
Das Unternehmensdelikt
Authors: Mitsch Wolfgang
Published: June 2012

Das Unternehmensdelikt ist ein recht kompliziertes strafrechtsdogmatisches Gebilde, das den Studierenden erfahrungsgemäß erhebliche Probleme bereitet. Einem Großteil der Studierenden scheint der Begriff gar nicht bekannt zu
sein. Jedoch hat auch die Strafrechtswissenschaft ein nicht ganz ungetrübtes Verhältnis zum Unternehmensdelikt. Untenstehender
Text soll Lernenden helfen Wissenslücken zu schließen und »fertigen« Juristen Denkanstöße zur Lösung umstrittener Probleme geben.
Die Zwangsheirat gemäß § 237 StGB
Authors: Ensenbach Kai
Published: June 2012

Seitens der Grund- und Menschenrechte wird die Eheschließungsfreiheit von Art. 6 Abs. 1 GG, Art. 12 EMRK, Art. 9 EU-Grundrechte-Charta und Art. 16 Abs. 2 der Allgemeinen
Erklärung der Menschenrechte der Vereinten Nationen geschätzt. Mit § 237 StGB ist ein neuer Straftatbestand in Kraft getreten, der speziell die Willensfreiheit in Bezug auf die Eheschließung schützen soll. Dieser erfasst einerseits Zwangsmaßnahmen, die zur Eingehung der Ehe führen und andererseits bestimmte Handlungen, mit denen Personen zu diesem Zweck dem Schutz durch das deutsche Recht entzogen werden.

Die ersten Veröffentlichungen zu dieser neuen Norm sind
erschienen. An dieser Stelle soll ein Überblick über die bisherigen Stimmen gegeben und diese kritisch untersucht werden.
Dressed photon technology
Authors: Ohtsu Motoichi
Published: June 2012

This paper reviews the theoretical picture of dressed photons used to describe the electromagnetic interactions between nanometric particles located in close proximity to each other. The coupling between a dressed photon and multi-mode coherent phonons is also presented, revealing the presence of a novel phonon-assisted process in light-matter interactions. Applications of this novel process to innovative optical devices, fabrication technologies, energy conversion, and hierarchical systems are demonstrated.
Ultra-compact silicon nanophotonic modulator with broadband response
Authors: Sorger Volker J. , Lanzillotti-Kimura Norberto D. , Ma Ren-Min , Zhang Xiang
Published: June 2012

Electro-optic modulators have been identified as the key drivers for optical communication and signal processing. With an ongoing miniaturization of photonic circuitries, an outstanding aim is to demonstrate an on-chip, ultra-compact, electro-optic modulator without sacrificing bandwidth and modulation strength. While silicon-based electro-optic modulators have been demonstrated, they require large device footprints of the order of millimeters as a result of weak non-linear electro-optical properties. The modulation strength can be increased by deploying a high-Q resonator, however with the trade-off of significantly sacrificing bandwidth. Furthermore, design challenges and temperature tuning limit the deployment of such resonance-based modulators. Recently, novel materials like graphene have been investigated for electro-optic modulation applications with a 0.1 dB per micrometer modulation strength, while showing an improvement over pure silicon devices, this design still requires device lengths of tens of micrometers due to the inefficient overlap between the thin graphene layer, and the optical mode of the silicon waveguide. Here we experimentally demonstrate an ultra-compact, silicon-based, electro-optic modulator with a record-high 1 dB per micrometer extinction ratio over a wide bandwidth range of 1 μm in ambient conditions. The device is based on a plasmonic metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) waveguide, which efficiently concentrates the optical modes’ electric field into a nanometer thin region comprised of an absorption coefficient-tuneable indium-tin-oxide (ITO) layer. The modulation mechanism originates from electrically changing the free carrier concentration of the ITO layer which dramatically increases the loss of this MOS mode. The seamless integration of such a strong optical beam modulation into an existing silicon-on-insulator platform bears significant potential towards broadband, compact and efficient communication links and circuits.
Spannungsoptik-Tomographie zur Messung der Scherung in Strömungen
Authors: Schneider Torsten , Goubergrits Leonid , Paschereit Christian Oliver , Kertzscher Ulrich , Affeld Klaus
Published: June 2012

Die Spannungsoptik-Tomographie ist ein neuartiges optisches Messverfahren zur Messung von Scherungen in Strömungen. Es nutzt die scherinduzierte Doppelbrechung in Fluiden. Die tomographische Erfassung des Untersuchungsvolumens erfolgt mit parallelen Lichtschnitten und der Messung der Streulichtintensität per Kamera. Mit einem Rekonstruktionsalgorithmus wird aus den Bilddaten das dreidimensionale Scherfeld ermittelt. Die Anwendung und Validierung dieser Methode wird an einer laminaren, stationären Rohrströmung mit Rechteckquerschnitt dargestellt.
Bestimmung von Rührwerksbeiwerten — Vergleich zwischen Geschwindigkeits- und Kraftmessungen
Authors: Hörsten Christian , Sieg Michael , Hüttmann Frank , Leder Alfred
Published: June 2012

Rührwerke werden in technischen Anlagen häufig zur Erzeugung notwendiger Strömungszustände eingesetzt. Die Auslegung von Rührwerksanlagen beruht jedoch sehr auf Erfahrungswerten und soll durch Untersuchungen zur Entwicklung eines Ähnlichkeitsansatzes zur Beschreibung des Ausbreitungsverhaltens verdrallter Freistrahlen verbessert werden. Vorgestellt wird hier eine Versuchsanordnung, bei der ein Vergleich der für den Ähnlichkeitsansatz relevanten Beiwertbestimmung für K
T und K
Q aus mechanischer Kraft- und Geschwindigkeitsmessungen mittels Laser-Doppler-Anemometrie erfolgen kann.
Obesity Counseling by Pediatric Health Professionals: An Assessment Using Nationally Representative Data
Authors: Liang Lan , Meyerhoefer Chad , Wang Justin
Published: June 2012

OBJECTIVE:

Examine the rate of screening for adolescent overweight and obesity by pediatric health care professionals and the provision of advice on healthy eating and physical activity.

METHODS:

Our sample contains adolescents 11 to 17 years old (6911 girls and 6970 boys) from the 2001–2007 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey who reported having at least 1 health provider visit in the previous 12 months. Using logistic regression, we investigated factors associated with whether parents reported that their children were weighed and measured and whether they or their children received counseling on their eating habits and physical activity. All models were estimated separately by gender.

RESULTS:

Forty-seven percent of girls and 44% of boys who visited a health provider were advised to eat healthy, and 36% of boys and girls were advised to exercise more. Obese boys and girls were both more likely to be advised to eat healthy (odds ratio [OR] = 2.10, P < .001 and OR = 1.70, P < .001) and exercise more (OR = 2.37, P < .001 and OR = 1.90, P < .001) than adolescents who have normal weight. However, overweight boys and girls were counseled at a much lower rate than those who were obese. Adolescents who were more likely to receive such advice lived in the northeast, were from higher-income households, had parents with at least some college education, and had a usual source of medical care.

CONCLUSIONS:

Greater efforts should be made to incorporate guidelines on childhood obesity screening and counseling into clinical practice.
Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral for Alcohol Use in Adolescents: A Systematic Review
Authors: Yuma-Guerrero Paula J. , Lawson Karla A. , Velasquez Mary M. , von Sternberg Kirk , Maxson Todd , Garcia Nilda
Published: June 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Alcohol use by adolescents is widespread and is connected to a number of negative health and social outcomes. Adolescents receiving emergent care for injuries are often linked with risky use of alcohol. The trauma system has widely adopted the use of screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) for preventing alcohol-related injury recidivism and other negative outcomes. The purpose of this article is to review the evidence around SBIRT with adolescent patients in acute care settings.

METHODS:

This article reviews 7 randomized controlled trials evaluating risky drinking interventions among adolescent patients in acute care settings. All studies took place in the emergency departments of level I trauma centers.

RESULTS:

Four of the 7 studies reviewed demonstrated a significant intervention effect; however, no one intervention reduced both alcohol consumption and alcohol-related consequences. Two of these 4 studies only included patients ages 18 and older. Subgroup analyses with adolescents engaged in risky alcohol-related behaviors, conducted in 2 of the studies, showed significant intervention effects. Five studies showed positive consumption and/or consequences for all study participants regardless of condition, suggesting that an emergent injury and/or the screening process may have a protective effect.

CONCLUSIONS:

Based on existing evidence, it is not clear whether SBIRT is an effective approach to risky alcohol use among adolescent patients in acute care. Additional research is needed around interventions and implementation.
Genetics of Pediatric Obesity
Authors: Manco Melania , Dallapiccola Bruno
Published: June 2012

Onset of obesity has been anticipated at earlier ages, and prevalence has dramatically increased worldwide over the past decades. Epidemic obesity is mainly attributable to modern lifestyle, but family studies prove the significant role of genes in the individual’s predisposition to obesity. Advances in genotyping technologies have raised great hope and expectations that genetic testing will pave the way to personalized medicine and that complex traits such as obesity will be prevented even before birth. In the presence of the pressing offer of direct-to-consumer genetic testing services from private companies to estimate the individual’s risk for complex phenotypes including obesity, the present review offers pediatricians an update of the state of the art on genomics obesity in childhood. Discrepancies with respect to genomics of adult obesity are discussed. After an appraisal of findings from genome-wide association studies in pediatric populations, the rare variant–common disease hypothesis, the theoretical soil for next-generation sequencing techniques, is discussed as opposite to the common disease–common variant hypothesis. Next-generation sequencing techniques are expected to fill the gap of “missing heritability” of obesity, identifying rare variants associated with the trait and clarifying the role of epigenetics in its heritability. Pediatric obesity emerges as a complex phenotype, modulated by unique gene–environment interactions that occur in periods of life and are “permissive” for the programming of adult obesity. With the advent of next-generation sequencing techniques and advances in the field of exposomics, sensitive and specific tools to predict the obesity risk as early as possible are the challenge for the next decade.
State of Dental Care Among Medicaid-Enrolled Children in the United States
Authors: Hakim Rosemarie B. , Babish J. Daniel , Davis A. Conan
Published: June 2012

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the prevalence of dental care visits (DCV) in 2007 in the United States among Medicaid-enrolled children from birth to age 18 and measure progress since 2002.

METHODS:

By using Medicaid research files and information from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services 416 Early Periodic Screening, Diagnostic, and Treatment forms, we calculated the prevalence of DCV in 50 states and the District of Columbia, stratifying by age, race, type of health plan, and Children’s Health Insurance Program status.

RESULTS:

The prevalence of having DCV ranged from 12% depending on age, to 49% with a median value of 33% but did not exceed 50% in any state. The median percent change between 2002 and 2007 was 16%. DCV among toddlers and infants were low in all but 3 states and in most states peaked at age of school entry to >60% in some states. In most states, there were few racial differences in the prevalence of DCV. Children enrolled in Primary Care Case Management tended to have the highest DCV, the effect of Children’s Health Insurance Program enrollment on the number of DCV was generally positive.

CONCLUSIONS:

To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the prevalence of dental care by using paid Medicaid claims. Consistent with other reports, levels of DCV were low; but when the number of DCV was stratified by age and type plan, striking patterns emerged suggesting that a combination of school programs and having a medical home may have a positive impact on dental care.
The Use of Patient Pictures and Verification Screens to Reduce Computerized Provider Order Entry Errors
Authors: Hyman Daniel , Laire Mariel , Redmond Diane , Kaplan David W.
Published: June 2012

OBJECTIVE:

To determine whether an order verification screen, including a patient photograph, is an effective strategy for reducing the risk that providers will place orders in an unintended patient’s electronic medical record (EMR).

METHODS:

We describe several changes to the EMR/provider interface and ordering workflow that were implemented as one part of a hospital-wide quality improvement effort to improve patient identification and verification practices. We measured the impact by comparing the number of reported incidents of care being provided to any patient other than for whom it was intended before the intervention, and directly after the intervention.

RESULTS:

For the year before the interventions described herein, placement of orders in the incorrect patient’s chart was the second most common cause of care being provided to the wrong patient, comprising 24% of the reported errors. In the 15 months after the implementation of an order verification screen with the patient’s photo centrally placed on the screen, no patient whose picture was in the EMR was reported to have received unintended care based on erroneous order placement in his or her chart.

CONCLUSIONS:

The incorporation of patient pictures within a computerized order entry verification process is an effective strategy for reducing the risk that erroneous placement of orders in a patient’s EMR will result in unintended care being provided to an incorrect patient.
Secular Trends in BMI and Blood Pressure Among Children and Adolescents: The Bogalusa Heart Study
Authors: Freedman David S. , Goodman Alyson , Contreras Omar A. , DasMahapatra Pronabesh , Srinivasan Sathanur R. , Berenson Gerald S.
Published: June 2012

OBJECTIVE:

The prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents increased by almost threefold from the 1970s to 2000. We examined whether these secular changes in BMI were accompanied by increases in blood pressure levels.

METHODS:

A total of 24 092 examinations were conducted among 11 478 children and adolescents (aged 5–17 years) from 1974 to 1993 in the Bogalusa Heart Study (Louisiana).

RESULTS:

The prevalence of obesity increased from 6% to 17% during this period. In contrast, only small changes were observed in levels of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and neither mean nor high (based on the 90th percentile from the Fourth Report on the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents) levels increased over the 20-year period. Within each race–gender group, mean levels of SBP did not change, whereas mean levels of DBP decreased by 2 mm Hg (P < .001 for trend). Levels of BMI were positively associated with levels of SBP and DBP within each of the 7 examinations, and controlling for BMI (along with other covariates) indicated that only ∼60% as many children as expected had high levels of blood pressure in 1993.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our finding that levels of DBP and SBP among children in this large sample did not increase despite the increases that were seen in obesity indicates that changes in blood pressure levels in a population do not necessarily parallel changes in obesity. Additional study of the potential characteristics that have ameliorated the expected increase in high blood pressure could lead to further reductions in risk.
Pediatric Residents’ Perspectives on Reducing Work Hours and Lengthening Residency: A National Survey
Authors: Gordon Mary Beth , Sectish Theodore C. , Elliott Marc N. , Klein David , Landrigan Christopher P. , Bogart Laura M. , Amrock Stephen , Burke Ann , Chiang Vincent W. , Schuster Mark A.
Published: June 2012

OBJECTIVE:

In 2011, the Accreditation Council on Graduate Medical Education increased restrictions on resident duty-hours. Additional changes have been considered, including greater work-hours restrictions and lengthening residency. Program directors tend to oppose further restrictions; however, residents’ views are unclear. We sought to determine whether residents support these proposals, and if so why.

METHODS:

We surveyed US pediatric residents from a probability sample of 58 residency programs. We used multivariate logistic regression to determine predictors of support for (1) a 56-hour workweek and (2) the addition of 1 year to residency to achieve a 56-hour week.

RESULTS:

Fifty-seven percent of sampled residents participated (n = 1469). Forty-one percent of respondents supported a 56-hour week, with 28% neutral and 31% opposed. Twenty-three percent of all residents would be willing to lengthen training to reduce hours. The primary predictors of support for a 56-hour week were beliefs that it would improve education (odds ratio [OR] 8.6, P < .001) and quality of life (OR 8.7, P < .001); those who believed patient care would suffer were less likely to support it (OR 0.10, P < .001). Believing in benefits to education without decrement to patient care also predicted support for a 56-hour-week/4-year program.

CONCLUSIONS:

Pediatric residents who support further reductions in work-hours believe reductions have positive effects on patient care, education, and quality of life. Most would not lengthen training to reduce hours, but a minority prefers this schedule. If evidence mounts showing that reducing work-hours benefits education and patient care, pediatric residents’ support for the additional year may grow.
Preeclampsia and Retinopathy of Prematurity in Preterm Births
Authors: Yu Xiao Dan , Branch D. Ware , Karumanchi S. Ananth , Zhang Jun
Published: June 2012

OBJECTIVE:

The relationship between gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and the risk of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) remains unclear. Thus, we used a large cohort database to study the influence of maternal gestational hypertension and preeclampsia on the occurrence of ROP in preterm infants.

METHODS:

We used data from a previous retrospective cohort study that includes 25 473 eligible preterm neonates. We examined the association between gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and ROP while controlling for potential confounders by multiple logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS:

Of the 8758 early preterm infants (gestational age <34 weeks), 1024 (11.69%) had ROP, while of the 16 715 late preterm infants, only 29 (0.17%) had ROP. After adjusting for confounders, preeclampsia was associated with a significantly reduced risk of ROP (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.49–0.86 for early preterm birth; aOR, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.01–0.93 for late preterm birth; aOR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.50–0.87 for all preterm births). Gestational hypertension was not significantly associated with ROP at early or late preterm births.

CONCLUSIONS:

Preeclampsia, but not gestational hypertension, was associated with a reduced risk of ROP in preterm births.
Changes in the phosphatase activity on the root surface and the phosphorus content of rape parallel to changes in soil phosphate content
Authors: Máthéné Gáspár Gabriella , Máthé Péter
Published: June 2012

A foszfor a növények nélkülözhetetlen tápeleme, strukturális elem, és nélkülözhetetlen az energiatranszformációban. A foszfatáz enzimek szerepe a P-anyagcseréhez köthetően az élettani folyamatokban széleskörű. A növények foszfátfelvételében kiemelkedő jelentőségű a növényi gyökér felületén kiválasztott foszfatáz enzim, melynek aktivitása számos tényezőtől függ, így a növény környezeti tényezőkre adott válaszreakcióitól, a növény fajától, fajtájától, korától.
A repce P-tartalmának alakulását és a gyökérfelszíni foszfatáz-aktivitását vizsgáltuk Nagyhöcsökön, mészlepedékes csernozjom talajon beállított kísérletben, melyben a kontrollal együtt hat trágyakezelést alkalmaztunk. A vizsgált N- és P-adagok a következők voltak: N: 0 és 100 kg·ha-1, P2O5: 0, 100 és 200 kg·ha-1. A mintázást a virágzás kezdetén végeztük, a gyökér és a hajtás nedvesség- és P-tartalmának meghatározásán túl mértük a gyökérfelszín savas foszfatáz-aktivitását, valamint a talaj AL-P2O5-tartalmát.
Az eredmények egyértelműen igazolták a hajtások gyökérnél nagyobb P-tartalmát, a P-trágyák növényi P-tartalmat, elsődlegesen a gyökér P-tartalmát növelő hatását. A N-trágyázás minden esetben a hajtás P-tartalom csökkenését eredményezte, a 0 és 100 kg·ha-1 P2O5-adagnál megbízható különbséggel.
Vizsgálataink alapján kimutattuk, hogy a gyökér nedvességtartalma a foszfatáz-aktivitással szoros pozitív lineáris korrelációt mutat, s az összefüggés nemcsak a száraz, hanem a friss gyökértömegre vetített foszfatáz-aktivitásnál is megállapítható.
A foszfatáz-aktivitás a trágyázás hatására másodfokú polinommal közelíthetően a 250–260 mg P2O5·kg-1 szintig nőtt, azaz a növények jobb foszfátfelvételi lehető-sége stimuláló hatású volt, s csak a legnagyobb P-adag járt enyhe enzimaktivitáscsökkenéssel. Eredményeink alapján tehát, az irodalmi adatokkal ellentétesen, a foszforadagolás gyökérfoszfatáz-aktivitást serkentő hatását tudtuk kimutatni.
A N-adagolás növelte a repcegyökér foszfatáz-aktivitását, azonban hatása egymagában nem volt szignifikáns, s ugyancsak korlátozottan, csak egyetlen kezelésben okozott a gyökérvastagság megbízható enzimaktivitás-külöbséget.
Vizsgálataink alapján a hajtástömeg P-mennyisége egyértelműen pozitív korrelációt mutatott a gyökér foszfatáz-aktivitásával, tehát a foszfatáz-aktivitás a virágzás kezdetén levő repce foszforfelvételét jól jellemezte. Eredményünk cáfolni látszik azt a feltételezést, mely szerint jó P-ellátásnál a gyökér foszfatáz-aktivitása és a növényi P-felvétel kapcsolata a szerves foszforformák jelentőségének csökkenése miatt nem igazolható.
Comparative methodological analysis of soil data from a Kreybig survey
Authors: Bakacsi Zsófia , Pásztor László , Szabó József , Őri Nóra , Karuczka Antal , Krammer Zita
Published: June 2012

Munkánkban elsősorban az alapvizsgálatok körébe tartozó talajvizsgálati módszerek (Arany-féle kötöttség, kémhatás, hidrolitos aciditás, karbonát-, vízben oldható összes só-, és humusztartalom) Kreybig térképezés idején alkalmazott, illetve a mai gyakorlatnak megfelelő, módszerkönyvek alapján történő összehasonlító értékelését céloztuk meg, hogy ezzel bemutassuk a Digitális Kreybig Talajinformációs Rendszerben (DKTIR) tárolt archív adatok alkalmazhatóságát és megbízhatóságát, illetve ez utóbbit a lehetőségekhez képest számszerűsítsük. A módszertani összevetéseken túl részletesen vizsgáltuk a humusztartalom mérésére korábban alkalmazott permanganátos, ill. a később elterjedt Tyurin-féle módszer egyes teljesítményjellemzőit. A két módszerrel kapott eredményeket összehasonlítottuk egy tíz mintából álló, Bodrogközből származó talajminta-sorozaton. Röviden összefoglaltuk a szemcseösszetétel és a kicserélhető kationok meghatározására korábban alkalmazott módszerek maitól való eltérését. Megállapításainkat a következőkben foglaljuk össze.
A leírások alapján egyértelmű, hogy a mintavételezés és a talajminták előkészítése a maival azonos módon történt. Az Arany-féle kötöttségi szám meghatározása kézi keveréses módszerrel történt, amely kisebb mintaszámnál ma is használatos, míg sorozatméréseknél a gépi keverés eljárás a ma elterjedt, mely kötött talajok esetében a kézi keverésesnél általában kisebb értéket ad. A pH-értéket korábban is elektrometriás módszerrel határozták meg, a szénsavas mész, illetve hidrolitos aciditás mérése is a maival azonos elven és technikával történt. Ezek eredményei tehát a korábbiakkal teljes mértékben összehasonlíthatók.
Az eddigi mérési eredmények alapján megállapítható, hogy a humusztartalomra vonatkozó permanganátos és Tyurin-féle módszerek eredményeinek konverziójához nem lehet egy egységes „váltószámot” rendelni, a mérési eredmények nem függetlenek a talajminták mechanikai összetételétől. Agyag- és vályogminták esetében a bikromátos roncsolás 1–10%-kal nagyobb humuszeredményt adott, míg a homokminták esetén ez csaknem 15%, a permanganátos eredmény „javára”.
A szemcseösszetételre, illetve kicserélhető kationok meghatározására szolgáló módszerek változása miatt a korábbi eredmények tájékoztató adatként vehetők figyelembe.
Prospects of applying soil parameters in archaeological activity area analysis. A methodological case study from the Győr–Ménfőcsanak-Szélesföldek archaeological site
Authors: Pető Ákos , Kenéz Árpád , Baklanov Szandra , Ilon Gábor , Füleky György
Published: June 2012

A történeti korokban élt emberek mindennapi élettevékenységét a háztartásrégészet egy adott emberi populáció hátrahagyott anyagi és építési kultúráján keresztül ítéli meg. A talajtanban alkalmazott talajkémiai és -fizikai paraméterek térhasználat elemzésben történő felhasználása ugyanezt a célt szolgálja, de természeténél fogva eltérő tevékenységek detektálására (is) alkalmas. A bemutatott vizsgálat két épületobjektum, talajtani alapokra helyezett, belső térhasználat elemzésének módszertani megfontolásait, illetve eredményeit foglalja össze. Győr–Ménfőcsanak-Széles-földek lelőhelyen feltárt kelta (La Tène kultúra, Kr.e. III. század második fele), illetve római kori bennszülött (Kr.u. I. század vége) épületobjektum belső terében, a teljes régészeti jelenségre reprezentatív horizontális mintavételi módszert alkalmaztunk, amelynek keretében 50×50 cm-es rácshálóból gyűjtöttünk antropogén üledékmintákat a két objektum belső teréből. A vizsgálat tárgyát képező objektumok méretben és felépítményben azonosságokat mutatnak. Az egyenként két ágasfás, félig földbe mélyített épületekből összesen 68 db mintán végeztünk talajtani méréseket [összes szervesszén-tartalom (TOC%), összes foszfortartalom (Pösszes), pH (H2O, KCl), CaCO3%, Arany-féle kötöttség (KA)]. Annak érdekében, hogy a régészeti jelenségekben megmutatkozó emberi hatást elkülöníthessük a környezeti háttérértékektől, a lelőhely négy pontján vettünk fel kontroll talajszelvényt. A régészeti környezetből származó mérési adatok kiértékelése kettős. Mennyiségi szempontból a lelőhely környezeti viszonyaihoz, illetve a kimért háttérértékekhez kell kalibrálni az adatokat. Minőségi szempontból ugyanakkor egy-egy paraméter mintasorozatában mért szórás, értékintervallum, illetve horizontális heterogenitása árulkodik az épület belsejének eltérő használatáról. Az alkalmazott paraméterek közül az összes foszfortartalom és az összes szervesszéntartalom adatai bizonyultak a leginformatívabbnak annak eldöntésében, hogy a vizsgált belső terek mely pontját, milyen mértékben érhette emberi tevékenységből származó behatás. Eredményeink alapján az Arany-féle kötöttségi szám, illetve a szénsavas mésztartalom eloszlásmintázatait – Győr–Ménfőcsanak-Széles-földek lelőhely esetében – csak részlegesen lehetett az egykori emberi tevékenységhez kötni. Ez a lelőhely szedimentológiai és talajtani viszonyaival magyarázható. A két objektum belső térhasználata, az antropogén üledékeken végzett talajtani mérések tanúsága szerint nem tekinthető azonosnak. A római kori bennszülött épület belső terében markáns különbséget lehet feltételezni a belső térhasználatban. Ezzel ellentétben a kelta épületobjektumnál egyenletes eloszlásmintázatról beszélhetünk, amely olyan emberi tevékenység egykori meglétére utal, amely nem szelektíven használta az épület belső terét.
Effects of green manure plants, grown as second crops, on soil status parameters in unfavourable locations
Authors: Mikó Péter , Gyuricza Csaba
Published: June 2012

2005–2010 között a Szent István Egyetem Növénytermesztési és Biomasszahasznosítási Bemutató Központjában Gödöllőn másodvetésű zöldtrágyázási kísérletekben vizsgáltuk különböző zöldtrágyanövények (facélia, mustár és olajretek) hatását a talajellenállásra, a talajnedvességre, illetve a gyökérfejlődését.
A 2009. száraz, és a 2010. nedves évek kivételével az átlagos évjáratokban minden zöldtrágyanövénynél szignifikánsan nagyobb talajellenállást mértünk, mint a kontrollnál. A zöldtrágyanövények gyökérzete a rövid vegetációs idő miatt csak a talaj felső rétegét hálózta be, ugyanakkor a különbség a gyökerezési mélység alatt, még a 40–50 cm-es talajrétegben is kimutatható volt.
A talajnedvesség-mérés egyik évben sem mutatott statisztikai különbséget a kezelések között.
Az őszi bedolgozás után tavasszal ismételten elvégzett mérések során sem a talajellenállás, sem a talajnedvesség esetében nem lehetett szignifikáns különbséget kimutatni a kezelések között.
A növényborítottság miatt fellépő nagyobb talajellenállás oka, hogy a gyökérzet oldalirányú növekedésével nyomást gyakorolt a talajra. A növények bedolgozását követően a zöld növényi gyökerek gyorsan elbomlottak, a helyükön kialakuló szerkezetes talaj ellenállása pedig tavaszra megegyezett a kontrolléval.
A kutatás több paraméterre kiterjedő eredményei alapján mindhárom növényfajt alkalmasnak találtuk zöldtrágyázásra, de talajba dolgozásukat csak későősszel javasoljuk, és lehetőség szerint csak tavaszi vetésű kultúra kövesse azokat.
After-effects of long-term intensive fertilizer use on the element composition of plant dry matter
Authors: Szűcs Mihály , Szűcs Mihályné , Koltai Gábor , Kajdi Ferenc
Published: June 2012

Borsó és napraforgó jelzőnövényekkel, 1 kg talajt tartalmazó edényekben végeztünk tenyészedény-kísérletet az 1970-es évek elején, az intenzív műtrágyahasználat kezdetén vett és tárolt talajmintákkal, valamint 30 év elteltével ugyanazokról a helyekről gyűjtött párjukkal. A minták karbonátos talajok (csernozjomok) esetén 6, nem karbonátos talajok (savanyú barna erdőtalajok) esetén pedig 13 mintavételi körzetet reprezentáltak. A virágzásig nevelt növények mintáit elhamvasztottuk és megmértük a P-, K-, Ca-, Mg-, Na- és B-tartalmukat. Korábbi talajvizsgálati adatainkkal egyezően, a savanyú talajokon termesztett növényminták szárazanyagában igen jelentős B-tartalom csökkenés volt mérhető. A mostanra kialakult és vélhetően állandósult helyzetben a savanyú talajokon termesztett növények B-tartalma most már lényegesen kisebb, mint a karbonátos talajokon termesztetteké. Az ebből adódó estleges egészségügyi hatások vizsgálata indokolt lenne. A növények P-tartalma is növekedett, követve a talaj oldható P-tartalmának változását. Ez felveti annak a nagy valószínűségét, hogy jelenleg és még sokáig a növények Zn és más P-antagonista mikroelem-tartalma tartósan alacsony marad. A K-műtrágyázás olyan módon csökkentette a növényi szárazanyag Mg-, Ca- és Na-tartalmát, hogy emellett a növények K-koncentrációja nem minden esetben követte a talajok nagyobb K-ellátottságát. Vizsgálataink szerint tehát a tartós intenzív műtrágyázás hatására lényegesen megváltozott a termesztett növények elemösszetétele, ami a hosszú utóhatás időszakra is állandósult. A változásoknak táplálkozás-egészségügyi hatásai is lehetnek.
Paediatric oncology in Hungary
Authors: Schuler Dezső
Published: June 2012

The significance of paediatric oncology is increasing due to its increasing incidence and its leading role among the causes of mortality in children. The epidemiology, prophylaxis and therapy of paediatric malignancies in Hungary are discussed surveying the results and the most important tasks in the future. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 803–810.
Effect of Pintes white wine on metabolic parameters in patients with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Ábel Tatjána , Blázovics Anna , Wimmer Alexandra , Bekő Gabriella , Gaál Balázs , Blazics Balázs , Gamal Eldin Mohamed , †Fehér János , Lengyel Gabriella
Published: June 2012

Moderate alcohol consumption has been associated with decreased cardiovascular mortality in the general population. Relatively few studies have been conducted to evaluate the effect of white wine on insulin sensitivity. Aims: The authors studied the impact of moderate Pintes white wine consumption on insulin sensitivity and other metabolic parameters. Methods: The prospective study involved 18 patients with metabolic syndrome. The patients consumed Pintes white wine for 4 weeks, and parameters were measured before and after consumption. Results: The HOMA-IR decreased significantly after white wine consumption (2.28±2.04 vs 1.08±0.6; p = 0.002). There were no changes in serum cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride and fasting plasma glucose levels. Conclusion: White wine consumption improved insulin sensitivity in patients with metabolic syndrome. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 861–865.
Állásfoglalás
Authors: Takács István , Benkő Ilona , Toldy Erzsébet , Wikonkál Norbert , Szekeres László , Bodolay Edit , Kiss Emese , Jambrik Zoltán , Szabó Boglárka , Merkely Béla , Valkusz Zsuzsa , Kovács Tibor , Szabó András , Grigoreff Orsolya , Nagy Zsolt , Demeter Judit , Horváth Henrik Csaba , Bittner Nóra , Várbíró Szabolcs , Lakatos Péter
Published: June 2012

The metabolism of vitamin D is unique in the human body and its diverse effects are present in almost every organ. Vitamin D deficiency is one of the most prominent health issues in the civilized world. For the solution of this concern an extensive collaboration is imperative. Recognizing this necessity the most prominent Hungarian medical associations fighting with the effects of vitamin D deficiency worked out a collective consensus on the importance, diagnosis, prevention and suggested therapy of vitamin D deficiency. Along with the clinical guidelines of the different associations, the result of this consensus could serve as guidance for the practicing doctors in the prevention and therapy of vitamin D deficiency. In addition the consensus aims to direct the attention of decision-makers and the general public on the significance of this issue.
Not so Holy After All
Authors: Roll Uri , Stone Lewi , Grenyer Rich , Meiri Shai
Published: June 2012

In responses to our paper questioning Israel's great biodiversity, Gavish and Yom-Tov claim that our methods and geographic scope are erroneous, and responsible for our inability to find Israel as diversity hotspot. They maintain that relative to its latitude and realm, Israel is very species-rich. However, our original work corrected for latitude and we highlight the failure of Israel to lie outside the prediction limits of any test in all geographical scopes. We now also analyze richness to test whether realms have parallel slopes in species area curves as Gavish claims and upon which he bases his analysis. We also analyze species richness in the Palearctic realm, calculate prediction limits, and add latitude as a predictor. Moreover, we analyze a new dataset of mammal, bird, and amphibian richness in grid-cells comparing Israeli cell values to the entire world, the Palearctic, and Israel's latitudes. We reject the idea that realms have equal slopes and therefore the Palearctic is not always at a disadvantage compared to other realms. Within the Palearctic realm Israel never lies outside the prediction limits for a country of its area, and adding latitude to this analysis lowered Israel's residual placement. Israel's richness in grid-cells is unexceptional for any taxon at all geographical scopes. In sum, irrespective of the test performed or the geographical region it is compared to, Israel is not a diversity hotspot.
Holy or Not, Israel is a Palaearctic Biodiversity Hotspot
Authors: Gavish Yoni
Published: June 2012

In their rebuttal to my comment, Roll et al. (2011) defend their original conclusion, by questioning the theoretical framework on which I based my analysis. They stress the importance of the statistical prediction limits and the treatment of latitudinal location as a covariate. They also add an additional grid-cell-based analysis. Here, I claim that even if provincial species-area relationships (SPAR) are not parallel, they are still different. While relying on Roll et al.'s (2011) analyses, I show that for each taxon there is at least one other provincial SPAR that lies considerably above the Palaearctic SPAR, making Palaearctic countries less favorable to be identified as a global biodiversity hotspot. I further claim that prediction limits should not be used to answer the question in focus and that adding latitude as a covariate does not alter the results. Finally, I address the grid-cell analyses of Roll et al. (2011), claiming that Israel's diversity lies mainly in the species turnover between cells (i.e., β diversity) and not on the average species richness within cells (α diversity). Therefore I hold on to my former conclusion that at least for three taxa—birds, mammals, and reptiles—Israel is indeed a Palaearctic provincial hotspot.
Seasonal Habitat Use by Nubian Ibex (Capra Nubiana) Evaluated with Behavioral Indicators
Authors: Tadesse Solomon A. , Kotler Burt P.
Published: June 2012

Nubian ibex (Capra nubiana) prefer steep terrain in their landscape to reduce risks of predation and human nuisance disturbances. They also use vigilance and time allocation to manage risk of predation. We studied time budgets and habitat selection of Nubian ibex to: (1) identify the habitat variables to which Nubian ibex were behaviorally responsive; (2) investigate how time budget responses of Nubian ibex were related to season, slope condition, group size, and sex-age structure; and (3) develop behavioral-based models that account for the variations in the behaviors of Nubian ibex across the landscape and seasons.

To quantify time budgets, we took regular field observations on focal individuals of Nubian ibex classified according to their habitat, group size, sex, and age. For each focal observation, we quantified environmental variables that were thought to influence the behavioral responses of ibex. Then, we developed behavioral models by correlating the proportion of behaviors measured in focal animal observations to the influential environmental variables. The behaviors of Nubian ibex significantly varied with sex and age structure, season, habitat type, and slope conditions. Adult females are more vigilant than adult male ibex, especially in the spring. This correlates with breeding and nursing activities. Based on the characteristics of the habitat, ibex behave to minimize risks of predation and human nuisance disturbances while maximizing their food intake.