bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is right atrioventricular valve always tricuspid?
Authors: Guner Ahmet , Kılıcgedik Alev , Kahyaoglu Muzaffer , Celik Mehmet , Kahveci Gokhan
Published: October 2017

A 71‐year‐old male with a medical history of hypertension was admitted to emergency department with hypertensive pulmonary edema. The patient appeared anxious and diaphoretic, and physical examination revealed tachypnea, crepitant rales in the both lungs and a systolic ejection murmur at the right sternal border, radiating to the both carotid arteries. The electrocardiography showed sinus tachycardia with indications of left ventricle hypertrophy Before the aortic valve surgery, transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) was performed for detailed evaluation of the aortic valve. Two‐dimensional TEE showed mild tricuspid valve regurgitation and only two of three leaflets of the tricuspid valve at a time.
Anterior mitral valve perforation in the absence of acute infection: Diagnosis by two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiography
Authors: Mashicharan Mary , Cowburn Peter J. , Livesey Steven A. , Shah Benoy N.
Published: October 2017

Anterior mitral valve leaflet (AMVL) perforation is most commonly seen in the setting of infective endocarditis. We present a case of AMVL perforation in a previously healthy 62‐year‐old male who presented with a six‐month history of worsening dyspnea and peripheral edema. Blood cultures, inflammatory markers, and autoimmune profile were negative. Transthoracic echocardiography demonstrated severe mitral regurgitation (MR) with a possible AMVL perforation, which was confirmed by three‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiography as a well‐circumscribed hole in the A2 segment. The patient made a successful recovery from mitral valve repair surgery.
Hemodynamic assessment of Perceval sutureless bioprosthesis by dobutamine stress echocardiography
Authors: Rubino Antonino S. , Biancari Fausto , Caruso Vincenzo , Lavanco Vincenzo , Privitera Fiorella , Rinaldi Ivana , Sanfilippo Maria , Millan Giovanni , D'Urso Lucia V. , Castorina Sergio , Mignosa Carmelo
Published: October 2017

Objectives

The aim of this study was to evaluate the hemodynamic performance of a sutureless bioprosthesis under high workload at mid‐term follow‐up.

Methods

Thirty‐two patients who underwent isolated aortic valve replacement with a Perceval sutureless bioprosthesis with a minimum follow‐up of 1 year were enrolled in this study. S size prosthesis was deployed in 10 patients (31.3%), M size in 9 (28.1%), L size in 8 (25%) and XL size in 5 (15.6%). Effective orifice area (EOA), EOA index (EOAi), and transvalvular gradients were assessed at rest and during dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) a median of 19.5 months after surgery.

Results

Dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) significantly increased heart rate, stroke volume, ejection fraction, and transvalvular gradients (peak gradient, 24.0 ± 7.6 vs 38.7 ± 13.6 mm Hg, P < .001; mean gradient, 12.6 ± 4.2 vs 19.8 ± 8.3, P < .001). When compared to baseline, estimated valve areas significantly increased at follow‐up (EOA, 1.48 ± 0.46 vs 2.06 ± 0.67, P < .001; EOAi, 0.84 ± 0.26 vs 1.17 ± 0.37, P < .001). Mean percentage increase in EOAi was 40.3% ± 28.0%. S size prostheses had the highest increase in EOA1, but the difference was not significant (S 46.0% ± 27.5% vs M 45.4% ± 34.5% vs L 32.7% ± 26.4% vs XL 32.1% ± 20.5%, P = .66). Severe patient‐prosthesis mismatch (EOAi ≤ 0.65 cm2/m2) was present at rest in 8 patients (25%), but only in one patient (3.1%) during DSE.

Conclusions

The Perceval sutureless bioprosthesis demonstrated good hemodynamics at rest and under high workload. The significant increase in EOAi during DSE suggests the potential advantages of Perceval sutureless bioprostheses in case of small aortic annulus or when patient‐prosthesis mismatch is anticipated.
Spontaneous embolization of an atrial septal defect occluder device into the left ventricular outflow tract in a patient with pulmonary stenosis
Authors: Agca Mustafa , Naser Abdulrahman , Guner Ahmet , Kılıcgedik Alev , Celik Mehmet , Akgun Taylan , Alpay Emine , Yanartas Mehmet , Kahveci Gokhan
Published: October 2017

A 24‐year‐old man was admitted to our outpatient clinic for his routine checkup of consecutively percutaneously treated atrial septal defect (ASD) and pulmonary valvular stenosis 45 days ago. A 24 mm ASD occluder device was implanted under transthoracic echocardiographic guidance and 80 mm Hg peak‐to‐peak pulmonary valvular gradient decreased to 20 mm Hg gradient after pulmonary valve dilatation with 23 mm NUMED II transluminal valvuloplasty catheter balloon. Atrial septal defect (ASD) closure is now routinely performed using a percutaneous approach under echocardiographic guidance especially transthoracic echocardiography (TEE). Centrally located, ostium secundum type and less than 3.5 cm in size are considered ideal for device closure. Although there is considerable variation in size and location of the defects, TEE guidance is quite important for this proportion of ASDs. The selection of patients for percutaneous transcatheter closure of a secundum ASD requires accurate information regarding the anatomy of the defect such as its maximal diameter and the amount of circumferential tissue rims.
Evolution of the optimal reproductive schedule in the antCamponotus (Colobopsis) nipponicus(wheeler): a demographic approach
Authors: HASEGAWA EISUKE , WATANABE SAORI , MURAKAMI YUUKA
Published: October 2017

1. Traits are hypothesised to optimise via natural selection. The schedule of reproduction is an important adaptive trait, but its evolution is difficult to study, as measuring parameters is usually difficult. However, the sufficient amounts of demographic data enable us to estimate these parameters.

2. Here, it is shown that the reproductive schedule of the antCamponotus (Colobopsis) nipponicusis tuned to maximise the lifetime production of alates.

3. A colony started its reproduction 4 years after the colony founding, at which time they were far smaller than well‐developed colonies. This contradicts the prediction of the bang‐bang strategy theory. The size distribution of colonies in the study area showed that the mortality of small colonies is much higher than that of large colonies.

4. A simulation analysis suggests that the colonies that are smaller than the threshold can still achieve significant improvement in colny survival to the following year by investing all resources in colony growth instead of reproduction. A sensitivity analysis for the starting year of reproduction showed that the observed schedule maximises lifetime alate production. The demographic data suggest a stable population, which is required for optimisation through this maximisation.

5. The observed reproductive schedule must be optimised, and the breakdown of the bang‐bang theory is due to higher mortalities during the incipient stage of colonies. This study demonstrates that having enough demographic data creates a useful tool for studying the evolution of life‐history characteristics.
Rediscovery of the “extinct” blind ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechinae)
Authors: Sugaya Kazuki , Ogawa Ryo , Hara Yusuke
Published: October 2017

The blind ground beetle Ishikawatrechus intermedius (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechinae), called Kadota‐mekurachibigomimushi in Japanese, was first found in 1952 in the cave Ôchi‐dô, Kôchi Prefecture, Japan. However, this cave and a large part of the surrounding hill were destroyed by limestone mining in the 1970s. Because most species of blind ground beetles are restricted to specific caves or cave systems, I. intermedius has been considered endemic to very narrow areas of the cave Ôchi‐dô and the upper hypogean zone around the cave. Therefore, I. intermedius was considered to have become extinct. In this study, during 2011–2015, we collected ten individuals of a blind ground beetle, which appeared to be I. intermedius, from the upper hypogean zone, approximately 0.3–1.0 m below ground, in the southern part of the type locality. A comparison with type specimens indicated that the individuals were indeed I. intermedius. Therefore, we conclude that I. intermedius survives in the upper hypogean zone near the type locality. The results of this study will be useful for quickly establishing conservation measures for threatened or vulnerable species of Trechinae beetles.
Aggressiveness of ants attracted to the extrafloral nectary‐bearing plant, Mallotus japonicus, and temporal fluctuations in their abundance
Authors: Yamawo Akira , Hada Yoshio , Tagawa Jun
Published: October 2017

Many plants that bear extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) attract various ant species that can exclude herbivores. The aggressiveness of the attracted ants and their temporal activity patterns are important factors that can affect the efficiency of herbivore exclusion from the plant. However, the characteristics of this mutualistic relationship between EFN‐bearing plants and ants have not been sufficiently elucidated. We investigated the aggressiveness of six ant species against the common armyworm, Spodoptera litura Fabr., and temporal fluctuations in the abundance of four aggressive ant species on an EFN‐bearing plant, Mallotus japonicus (L.f.) Müll. Arg. Workers of Crematogaster teranishii Santschi, Pheidole noda Smith, Pristomyrmex punctatus Smith and Formica japonica Motschoulsky were observed to be highly aggressive. In contrast, workers of Camponotus vitiosus Smith showed low aggressiveness. Paratrechina flavipes Smith workers did not attack the herbivore. The activity patterns of the four aggressive ant species greatly differed. Crematogaster teranishii and Ph. noda workers were constantly active throughout the day and night. In contrast, F. japonica was diurnal. Pristomyrmex punctatus was principally nocturnal. Formica japonica workers foraged solitarily, whereas workers of the other three species foraged in a group or recruited nestmates. Our results suggest that the efficacy of the indirect defense in M. japonicus depends principally on the attracted ant species.
Molecular phylogeny of the tribe Erotini with description of a new genus from China (Coleoptera: Lycidae)
Authors: Li Yun , Pang Hong , Bocak Ladislav
Published: October 2017

Erotini is a small tribe of net‐winged beetles known from the northern temperate zone. We investigated relationships and limits of tribes and genera using a molecular phylogeny inferred fromrrnL,cox1andnad5mtDNA fragments.LopherosLeconte, 1881 andPseudaplatopterusKleine, 1940 were inferred in current molecular analyses as terminal lineages within Erotini. Therefore, we consider Lopherotini Kazantsev, 2012 and Pseudaplatopterina Kazantsev, 2012 as junior synonyms of Erotini Leconte, 1881. ThePlatycisgenus group comprises 19 species representing several genus‐group taxa previously placed inPlatyciss. l.KonoplatycisNakane, 1969 was recovered as a deeply rooted lineage of Erotini and we inferred another independent lineage for which we propose a new genusSinoplatycisgen. nov.Additionally, we studied the diversity ofPlatyciss. l. in Asia, found their highest diversity in the temperate forest habitats of Eastern Asia and inferred the paraphyletic character of the subgenusErotidess. str. Five new species are described from China:Sinoplatycis cardinalissp. nov.,S. zhanisp. nov.(type species ofSinoplatycisgen. nov.),Erotides brunnescenssp. nov.,E. pusillussp. nov.andE. slipinskiisp. nov.The molecular phylogeny shows deep splits of Japanese species with respect to the continental Eurasian fauna and the role of shallow seas and mountain systems in the diversification of thePlatycisgenus group.
Two new myrmecophilous species of the genus Scutacarus (Acari: Prostigmata: Scutacaridae) with world keys to related species groups
Authors: Sobhi Mohammad , Hajiqanbar Hamidreza , Mortazavi Azim
Published: October 2017

In a survey on heterostigmatic mites (Acari: Prostigmata: Heterostigmata) associated with insects including ants in northwestern Iran, two new species of myrmecophilous mites of the genus Scutacarus (Acari: Scutacaridae) were found. They are S. shajariani sp. nov. phoretic on Tetramorium sp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and S. ebermanni sp. nov. phoretic on Messor sp. The mentioned new species belong to groups of species with reduced setae e and h2, and no setae 4b, respectively. These two new species are described and illustrated, and world keys are provided for respective species groups.
Species‐dependent microarchitectural traits of iridescent scales in the triad taxa of Ornithoptera birdwing butterflies
Authors: Kazama Makoto , Ichinei Mai , Endo Saori , Iwata Masaki , Hino Akiya , Otaki Joji M.
Published: October 2017

Ornithoptera birdwing butterflies have blue, green, or orange iridescent scales in different species or subspecies. To understand the species‐ or subspecies‐dependent scale color differences, we performed comparative morphometric analyses of iridescent scales from three closely related taxa: O. priamus priamus (green), O. priamus urvillianus (blue), and O. croesus (orange). The three types of Ornithoptera wings exhibited reversible color changes to longer wavelengths with different kinetics upon immersion in methanol, suggesting that their color differences are at least partly based on differences in the size of air cavities made by nanostructures. Cover scales of all three color types were visually semi‐transparent glass scales that exhibited color when placed on a dark background. The dorsoventral differences in coloration were observed in single scales, suggesting the optical importance of scale surfaces. Scanning electron microscopy of cover scales in cross section revealed that all color types exhibited finely sculpted tapered ridges and thick, irregular basal multilayers containing tandemly clustered granular objects and air cavities. Scale thickness, ridge height, and multilayer thickness were significantly different among the three color types, and granular object size was significantly different between orange scales and blue and green scales. We conclude that each of the three taxa of Ornithoptera butterflies possesses unique quantitative size values on tapered ridges and irregular multilayers with granular objects and air cavities to express unique structural color. These species‐ or subspecies‐dependent structural colors might have evolved via quantitative shifts in these microarchitectural traits rather than via changes in the basic developmental or architectural plan for color expression.
Rapid evolution leads to differential population dynamics and top‐down control in resurrectedDaphniapopulations
Authors: Goitom Eyerusalem , Kilsdonk Laurens J. , Brans Kristien , Jansen Mieke , Lemmens Pieter , De Meester Luc
Published: October 2017

There is growing evidence of rapid genetic adaptation of natural populations to environmental change, opening the perspective that evolutionary trait change may subsequently impact ecological processes such as population dynamics, community composition, and ecosystem functioning. To study such eco‐evolutionary feedbacks in natural populations, however, requires samples across time. Here, we capitalize on a resurrection ecology study that documented rapid and adaptive evolution in a natural population of the water fleaDaphnia magnain response to strong changes in predation pressure by fish, and carry out a follow‐up mesocosm experiment to test whether the observed genetic changes influence population dynamics and top‐down control of phytoplankton. We inoculated populations of the water fleaD. magnaderived from three time periods of the same natural population known to have genetically adapted to changes in predation pressure in replicate mesocosms and monitored bothDaphniapopulation densities and phytoplankton biomass in the presence and absence of fish. Our results revealed differences in population dynamics and top‐down control of algae between mesocosms harboring populations from the time period before, during, and after a peak in fish predation pressure caused by human fish stocking. The differences, however, deviated from our a priori expectations. An S‐map approach on time series revealed that the interactions between adults and juveniles strongly impacted the dynamics of populations and their top‐down control on algae in the mesocosms, and that the strength of these interactions was modulated by rapid evolution as it occurred in nature. Our study provides an example of an evolutionary response that fundamentally alters the processes structuring population dynamics and impacts ecosystem features.
Evolutionary rescue in a host–pathogen system results in coexistence not clearance
Authors: Christie Mark Redpath , Searle Catherine Laura
Published: October 2017

The evolutionary rescue of host populations may prevent extinction from novel pathogens. However, the conditions that facilitate rapid evolution of hosts, in particular the population variation in host susceptibility, and the effects of host evolution in response to pathogens on population outcomes remain largely unknown. We constructed an individual‐based model to determine the relationships between genetic variation in host susceptibility and population persistence in an amphibian‐fungal pathogen (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) system. We found that host populations can rapidly evolve reduced susceptibility to a novel pathogen and that this rapid evolution led to a 71‐fold increase in the likelihood of host–pathogen coexistence. However, the increased rates of coexistence came at a cost to host populations; fewer populations cleared infection, population sizes were depressed, and neutral genetic diversity was lost. Larger adult host population sizes and greater adaptive genetic variation prior to the onset of pathogen introduction led to substantially reduced rates of extinction, suggesting that populations with these characteristics should be prioritized for conservation when species are threatened by novel infectious diseases.
‘Are we to become a gender university?’ Facets of resistance to a gender equality project
Authors: Powell Stina , Ah‐King Malin , Hussénius Anita
Published: October 2017

Gender equality (GE) is something ‘we cannot not want’. Indeed, the pursuit of equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities for all women and men throughout a society freed from gendered oppression is widely visible in recent organizational GE initiatives. In practice, however, GE initiatives often fail in challenging gendered norms and at effecting deep‐seated change. In fact, GE measures tend to encounter resistance, with a gap between saying and doing. Using a GE project at a Swedish university, we examined the changing nature of reactions to GE objectives seeking to understand why gender inequality persists in academia. We used ‘resistance’ to identify multiple, complex reactions to the project, focusing on the discursive practices of GE. Focusing our contextual analysis on change and changes in reactions enabled a process‐oriented analysis that revealed gaps where change is possible. Thus, we argue that studying change makes it possible to identify points in time where gendered discriminatory norms are more likely to occur. However, analysing discursive practices does not itself lead to change nor to action. Rather, demands for change must start with answering, in a collaborative way, what problem we are trying to solve when we start a new GE project, in order to be relevant to the specific context. Otherwise, GE risks being the captive of consensus politics and gender inequality will persist.
Compositional characteristics and geodynamic significance of late Miocene volcanic rocks associated with the Chah Zard epithermal gold–silver deposit, southwest Yazd, Iran
Authors: Kouhestani Hossein , Ghaderi Majid , Emami Mohammad Hashem , Meffre Sebastien , Kamenetsky Vadim , McPhie Jocelyn , Zaw Khin , Nasiri Bezenjani Rasoul
Published: October 2017

Whole‐rock geochemical and Sr–Nd isotopic data are presented for late Miocene volcanic rocks associated with the Chah Zard epithermal Au–Ag deposit in the Urumieh‐Dokhtar Magmatic Arc (UDMA), Iran, to investigate the magma source, petrogenesis and the geodynamic evolution of the study area. The Chah Zard andesitic to rhyolitic volcanic rocks are characterized by significant Large Ion Lithophile Element (LILE) and Light Rare Earth Element (LREE) enrichment coupled with High Field Strength Element (HFSE) depletion. Our geochemical data indicate an adakitic‐like signature for the volcanic rocks (e.g. SiO2 > 62 wt%, Al2O3 > 15 wt%, MgO < 1.5 wt%, Sr/Y > 70, La/Yb > 35, Yb < 1 ppm, and Y < 18 ppm, and no significant Eu anomalies), distinguishing them from the other volcanic rocks of the UDMA. The Chah Zard volcanic rocks have similar Sr and Nd isotopic compositions; the 87Sr/86Sr(i) ratios range from 0.704 902 to 0.705 093 and the εNd(i) values are from +2.33 to +2.70. However, the rhyolite porphyry represents the final stage of magmatism in the area and has a relatively high 87Sr/86Sr ratio (0.705 811). Our data suggest that the andesitic magmas are from a heterogeneous source and likely to result from partial melting of a metasomatized mantle wedge associated with a mixture of subducted oceanic crust and sediment. These melts subsequently underwent fractional crystallization along with minor amounts of crustal assimilation. Our study is consistent with the model that the volcanic host rocks to epithermal gold mineralization in the UDMA are genetically related to late Miocene Neo‐Tethyan slab break‐off beneath Central Iran.
Prescribed patch burnings increase thrips species richness and body size in grassland communities
Authors: Podgaiski Luciana Regina , Cavalleri Adriano , Ferrando Claire Pauline Röpke , Pillar Valério D. , Mendonça Milton de Souza
Published: October 2017

Prescribed patch burning is a well‐known tool for grassland and savanna management that has been recognised as a suitable strategy to enhance biodiversity at landscape‐level scales. Nevertheless, effective monitoring of the biota responses to fire is an essential step towards biodiversity conservation.

We investigated fire effects on thrips communities (Thysanoptera) – a group of minute and diverse insect in grasslands. We performed a replicated small‐scale fire experiment in South BrazilianCampos,and tested for fire effects on total abundance, species richness of different feeding guilds (e.g. leaf, flower and fungal feeders) and thrips species body size in the short (1 month) and long‐term (1 year).

We found positive fire effects on leaf herbivore richness in recently burned patches where the resprouted vegetation had enhanced nutritional quality, and also later on following the diversification of plant communities. The richness of fungivorous thrips was also benefited by resource heterogeneity in burned patches 1 year after fire. A positive fire effect on thrips community body size was also found at this time, possibly indicating that larger species had an advantage in dispersal to the spatially distributed burned patches across the unburned grassland matrix. Effects on total abundances were not detected.

Our study emphasises the role of prescribed patch burnings in producing high quality resource‐rich habitat spots for Thysanoptera communities at local scales.
Effects of wheat gluten hydrolysates fractionated by different methods on the growth and fermentation performances of brewer's yeast under high gravity fermentation
Authors: Zhou Yongjing , Yang Huirong , Zong Xuyan , Cui Chun , Mu Lixia , Zhao Haifeng
Published: October 2017

Wheat gluten hydrolysates (WGH) were fractionated through ultrafiltration membrane with molecular weight (Mw) cut‐off of 3 kDa and ethanol precipitation, respectively. WGH and their fractions were used to examine their effects on the growth and fermentation performances of brewer's yeast under high gravity fermentation. Results showed that WGH and their fractions exhibited significant differences in biomass accumulation, viability, ethanol yield, free amino nitrogen and sugar consumptions under high gravity fermentation. Compared to WGH, the fractions with Mw < 3 kDa and the supernatant of WGH treated with ethanol precipitation showed better fermentation performance for brewer's yeast. The relatively lower molecular weight and the higher levels of Leu, Lys, His and Arg in these two fractions might be responsible for their bioactivity for brewer's yeast. Thus, both ultrafiltration and ethanol precipitation could be used as efficient methods for enriching peptides with significant growth‐ and fermentation‐promoting activity for brewer's yeast under high gravity fermentation.
Medications That Cause Dry Mouth As an Adverse Effect in Older People: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis
Authors: Tan Edwin C. K. , Lexomboon Duangjai , Sandborgh‐Englund Gunilla , Haasum Ylva , Johnell Kristina
Published: October 2017

Objectives

To assess and quantify the risk of drug‐induced dry mouth as a side effect in older people.

Design

Systematic review and metaanalysis.

Setting

A search of the literature was undertaken using Medline, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, and PubMed from 1990 to 2016.

Participants

Older people (aged ≥60) who participated in intervention or observational studies investigating drug use as an exposure and xerostomia or salivary gland hypofunction as adverse drug outcomes.

Measurements

Two pairs of authors screened titles and abstracts of studies for relevance. Two authors independently extracted data, including study characteristics, definitions of exposure and outcome, and methodological quality. For the metaanalyses, random‐effects models were used for pooling the data and I2 statistics for exploring heterogeneity.

Results

Of 1,544 potentially relevant studies, 52 were deemed eligible for inclusion in the final review and 26 in metaanalyses. The majority of studies were of moderate methodological quality. In the intervention studies, urological medications (odds ratio (OR) = 5.91, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 4.04–8.63; I2 = 62%), antidepressants (OR = 4.74, 95% CI = 2.69–8.32, I2 = 21%), and psycholeptics (OR = 2.59, 95% CI = 1.79–3.95, I2 = 0%) were significantly associated with dry mouth. In the observational studies, numbers of medications and several medication classes were significantly associated with xerostomia and salivary gland hypofunction.

Conclusion

Medication use was significantly associated with xerostomia and salivary gland hypofunction in older adults. The risk of dry mouth was greatest for drugs used for urinary incontinence. Future research should develop a risk score for medication‐induced dry mouth to assist with prescribing and medication management.
Men Lacking a Caregiver Have Greater Risk of Long‐Term Nursing Home Placement After Stroke
Authors: Blackburn Justin , Albright Karen C. , Haley William E. , Howard Virginia J. , Roth David L. , Safford Monika M. , Kilgore Meredith L.
Published: October 2017

Background/Objectives

Social support can prevent or delay long‐term nursing home placement (NHP). The purpose of our study was to understand how the availability of a caregiver can affect NHP after ischemic stroke and how this affects different subgroups differently.

Design

Nested cohort study.

Setting

Nationally based REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study.

Participants

Stroke survivors aged 65 to 100 (256 men, 304 women).

Measurements

Data were from Medicare claims from January 2003 to December 2013 and REGARDS baseline interviews conducted from January 2003 to October 2007. Caregiver support was measured by asking, “If you had a serious illness or became disabled, do you have someone who would be able to provide care for you on an on‐going basis?” Diagnosis of ischemic stroke was derived from inpatient claims. NHP was determined using a validated claims algorithm for stays of 100 days and longer. Risk was estimated using Cox regression.

Results

Within 5 years of stroke, 119 (21.3%) participants had been placed in a nursing home. Risk of NHP was greater in those lacking available caregivers (log‐rank P = .006). After adjustment for covariates, lacking an available caregiver increased the risk of NHP after stroke within 1 year by 70% (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.70, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.97–2.99) and within 5 years by 68% (HR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.10–2.58). The effect of caregiver availability on NHP within 5 years was limited to men (HR = 3.15, 95% CI = 1.49–6.67).

Conclusion

In men aged 65 and older who have survived an ischemic stroke, the lack of an available caregiver is associated with triple the risk of NHP within 5 years.
Mindfulness in the Context of Romantic Relationships: Initial Development and Validation of the Relationship Mindfulness Measure
Authors: Kimmes Jonathan G. , Jaurequi Matthew E. , May Ross W. , Srivastava Sapna , Fincham Frank D.
Published: October 2017

Trait mindfulness and mindfulness in the context of romantic relationships may not be completely overlapping constructs. This study adapted an existing measure of trait mindfulness to assess the tendency to be mindful in romantic relationships, the Relationship Mindfulness Measure (RMM). Using data from 185 young adults, the results supported the RMM's internal consistency, test–retest reliability, and concurrent and predictive validity. The RMM accounted for a significant portion of variance in positive relationship quality, negative relationship quality, and anxious and avoidant attachment, even after controlling for trait mindfulness. Based on these findings, assessing relationship mindfulness may improve research exploring the role of mindfulness in romantic relations and therefore facilitate the development and refinement of mindfulness training programs for couples.
Uncovering the structure of agreeableness from self‐report measures
Authors: Crowe Michael L. , Lynam Donald R. , Miller Joshua D.
Published: October 2017

Objective

Although there are several models of the lower‐order structure of Agreeableness, empirically derived descriptions of this domain are largely nonexistent. We examined the factor structure of Agreeableness items from multiple scales in order to empirically determine the facet‐level structure of the domain.

Method

Participants (N = 1,205; 73% female; 84% White; Mage = 35.5, SD = 17.26) completed 131 items from 22 scales measuring Agreeableness.

Results

A series of factor analyses was conducted on 104 items to identify factor emergence of the domain from a single factor to increasingly more specific factors. A five‐factor solution consisting of facets labeled Compassion, Morality, Trust, Affability, and Modesty was identified as most appropriate. Factors from all levels of the construct were compared to current measures of the domain as well as a number of criterion variables. The patterns of association with criterion variables at the lower level of the Agreeableness domain showed significant divergence.

Conclusions

The current results highlight how specific Agreeableness traits unfold from broader to more specific facets and how these traits are represented in existing measures of this important domain.
Consumption‐Based Asset Pricing in Insurance Markets: Yet Another Puzzle?
Authors: Braun Alexander , Luca Daliana , Schmeiser Hato
Published: October 2017

Although insurance is the typical textbook example for an asset that negatively correlates with consumption, the suitability of the classical consumption‐based asset pricing model with power utility to explain historical premiums and claims has not yet been tested. We fill this gap by fitting it to property–casualty market data for Australia, Italy, the Netherlands, the United States, and Germany. In doing so, we reveal yet another asset pricing anomaly. More specifically, the consumption‐based model implies even larger relative risk aversion coefficients in the insurance sectors than in the equity markets of the aforementioned countries. To solve this puzzle, we draw on the loss aversion and narrow framing approach by Barberis, Huang, and Santos (2001) as well as the second‐degree expectation dependence framework by Dionne, Li, and Okou (2015), with encouraging results.
Are we spending too much to grow? The case of Structural Funds
Authors: Cerqua Augusto , Pellegrini Guido
Published: October 2017

We evaluate whether the impact of EU Structural and Cohesion Funds (EUF) on Member States’ regional economic growth depends on the intensity of treatment, measured by the normalized amount of funds distributed in each region. We use an original data set that covers all the main sources of EUF and extend the regression discontinuity design to the case of continuous treatment. The results suggest an average positive effect on regional growth. The estimated conditional intensity‐growth function is concave and presents a maximum value. Therefore, the exceeding funds could have been allocated to other lagging regions without reducing the effect on growth.
Standardised evaluation of medicine acceptability in paediatric population: reliability of a model
Authors: Vallet Thibault , Ruiz Fabrice , Lavarde Marc , Pensé-Lhéritier Anne-Marie , Aoussat Ameziane
Published: October 2017

Objectives

Our novel tool to standardise the evaluation of medicine acceptability was developed using observational data on medicines use measured in a paediatric population included for this purpose (0–14 years). Using this tool, any medicine may be positioned on a map and assigned to an acceptability profile. The present exploration aimed to verify its statistical reliability.

Methods

Permutation test has been used to verify the significance of the relationships among measures highlighted by the acceptability map. Bootstrapping has been used to demonstrate the accuracy of the model (map, profiles and scores of acceptability) regardless of variations in the data. Lastly, simulations of enlarged data sets (×2; ×5; ×10) have been built to study the model's consistency.

Key findings

Permutation test established the significance of the meaningful pattern identified in the data and summarised in the map. Bootstrapping attested the accuracy of the model: high RV coefficients (mean value: 0.930) verified the mapping stability, significant Adjusted Rand Indexes and Jaccard coefficients supported clustering validity (with either two or four profiles), and agreement between acceptability scores demonstrated scoring relevancy. Regarding enlarged data sets, these indicators reflected a very high consistency of the model.

Conclusions

These results highlighted the reliability of the model that will permit its use to standardise medicine acceptability assessments.
Poor performance of main‐stream capnography in newborn infants during general anesthesia
Authors: Karlsson Victoria , Sporre Bengt , Hellström‐Westas Lena , Ågren Johan
Published: October 2017

Background

Endtidal (ET) measurement of carbon dioxide is well established for intraoperative respiratory monitoring of adults and children, but the method's accuracy for intraoperative use in small newborn infants has been less extensively investigated.

Aims

The aim of this study was to compare carbon dioxide from ET measurements with arterialized capillary blood samples in newborn infants during general anesthesia and surgery.

Methods

Endtidal carbon dioxide was continuously measured during anesthesia and surgery and compared with simultaneous blood gas analyses obtained from capillary blood samples. Fifty‐nine sample sets of ET to blood gas carbon dioxide were obtained from 23 prospectively enrolled infants with a gestational age of 23‐41 weeks and a birth weight of 670‐4110 g.

Results

Endtidal levels of carbon dioxide were considerably lower in all sample sets and only 4/23 individual ET‐blood gas sample pairs differed <7.5 mm Hg (1 kPa). Bland‐Altman analysis indicated a poor agreement with a bias of −13 ± 7 mm Hg and a precision of ±14 mm Hg. The performance of ET measurements was particularly poor in infants weighing below 2.5 kg, in infants in need of respiratory support prior to anesthesia, and when the true (blood gas) carbon dioxide level was high, above 45 mm Hg.

Conclusion

Main‐stream capnography during anesthesia and surgery correlated poorly to blood gas values in small and/or respiratory compromised infants. We conclude that caution should be exercised when relying solely on ET measurements to guide mechanical ventilation in the OR.
The Rollout of the Multilevel Governance System: A Source of Reworking the Contingent Valuation Method?
Authors: Bance Philippe , Chassy Angelique
Published: October 2017

This article analyzes the impact of multilevel governance (characterized by the joint production of public goods by several government level types) on the use of the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). We discuss several compelling reasons for adapting the CVM—which was conceived for a single‐level governance system—as a tool to assist public decision making where multiple levels of government are involved. We argue such adaptation of the CVM promises to allow various public decision makers to discuss the relevance of jointly producing public good, from a shared basis. However, this transferred application of the CVM also illuminates some important difficulties, due to the intrinsic complexity of the method, the highly unequal levels of expertise of actors, and the reservations that it can provoke among some of the latter. The study identifies the key opportunities and problems associated with applying the CVM to subnational education policy evaluation in two territories in Normandy, France.

Related Articles

Adams, Brian E. 2016. “.” Politics & Policy 44 (): 820‐849. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12172/full

Ryles, Tim C., and
John D. Hutcheson, Jr. 1974. “.” GPSA Journal 2 (): 3‐16. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.1974.tb00847.x/full

Kim, Myunghee. 2007. “.” Politics & Policy 35 (): 496‐521. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2007.00070.x/full

Related Media

CIRIEC (International Centre of Research and Information on the Public, Social and Cooperative Economy). 2017. http://www.ciriec.ulg.ac.be/en/ and http://www.ciriec.ulg.ac.be/en/publications/
CT versus thoracic ultrasound for discriminating uncomplicated and complicated parapneumonic pleural effusions
Authors: Varsamas Charalampos , Kalkanis Alexandros , Gourgoulianis Konstantinos I.
Published: October 2017

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Ecological patterns and sustainability of freshwater swamp forest ecosystems: assessing climate and disturbance interactions
Authors: Igu Nwabueze Ikenna , Marchant Robert
Published: October 2017

Species composition and factors that control the distribution of freshwater swamp forests in West Africa are largely unknown. To achieve this, 24, one‐hectare forest plots were established to assess the tree species (DBH ≥ 10 cm) distribution across the ecosystem. A total of 138 species within 100 genera and 41 families were distributed across the forest plots and 47 species were identified as indicator species. These indicator species were used to constrain the species‐environmental categories across three broad habitat types: the disturbed freshwater zone, the mangrove‐freshwater transition zone and the intact freshwater zone. While 40 species are associated with one of the three forest categories, seven of them coexisted in disturbed and mangrove‐freshwater zones. Disturbance (local factors) was identified as the most important determinant of the species distribution followed by the climatic factors. Future climate predictions for the locations are quite variable and suggest that some species may be non‐viable as the ecosystem's composition may alter. While the indicator species provides insights on the species‐environment relationships, and is useful for informing forest conservation and planning, their tendency to continually co‐exist with others and provide vital functions is dependent on how sustainably the people use them.
Similarities and Differences in the Functions of Nonsuicidal Self‐Injury (NSSI) and Sex as Self‐Injury (SASI)
Authors: Jonsson Linda Sofia , Svedin Carl Göran , Priebe Gisela , Fredlund Cecilia , Wadsby Marie , Zetterqvist Maria
Published: October 2017

Differences and similarities were studied in the functions of two different self‐injurious behaviors (SIB): nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) and sex as self‐injury (SASI). Based on type of SIB reported, adolescents were classified in one of three groups: NSSI only (n = 910), SASI only (n = 41), and both NSSI and SASI (n = 76). There was support for functional equivalence in the two forms of SIB, with automatic functions being most commonly endorsed in all three groups. There were also functional differences, with adolescents in the SASI only group reporting more social influence functions than those with NSSI only. Adolescents reporting both NSSI and SASI endorsed the highest number of functions for both behaviors. Clinical implications are discussed, emphasizing the need for emotion regulation skills.
An extinct, Late Mesoproterozoic, Sveconorwegian mantle wedge beneath SW Fennoscandia, reflected in seismic tomography and assessed by thermal modelling
Authors: Slagstad Trond , Maystrenko Yuriy , Maupin Valerie , Gradmann Sofie
Published: October 2017

A channel‐like, low‐velocity zone in the lithospheric mantle beneath W Norway coincides spatially with the extension of a recently discovered 200 × 50 km granite batholith, which formed as a result of oceanic subduction beneath the SW Fennoscandian margin between 1.07 and 1.01 Ga. Based on results from numerical modelling, we argue that the low‐velocity zone, at least in part, reflects the thermal (radioactive) effects of the refertilized mantle wedge of this magmatic arc. The geological record in SW Fennoscandia suggests that active‐margin magmatism terminated as a result of rapid slab rollback and trench retreat starting at ca. 1 Ga. The rapid shift from active‐ to passive‐margin processes was probably critical in preserving the mantle wedge, and its identification can therefore shed light on how active‐margin processes terminated in ancient orogens.
The effect of sex and prematurity on the cardiovascular baroreflex response in sheep
Authors: Allison Beth J. , Nguyen Vivian , Yiallourou Stephanie R. , Nitsos Ilias , Black Mary Jane , Polglase Graeme R.
Published: October 2017

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?

Late preterm infants are often assumed to escape long‐term morbidities known to impact earlier preterm offspring. Is this true for the cardiovascular system?

What is the main finding and its importance?

We show that late preterm birth is a risk factor for cardiovascular dysfunction in early adulthood and is influenced by sex. Early signs of cardiovascular dysfunction might predispose to heart disease in adulthood.

Very preterm infants have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease; however, the effects of a late preterm birth on future cardiovascular function are not known. We hypothesized that after a late preterm birth, the well‐described impairments in heart rate variability and baroreflex sensitivity would persist into adulthood. To test this hypothesis, sheep born preterm (0.9 gestation; nine male and seven female) or term (11 male and six female) underwent surgery at 14 months of age for insertion of femoral arterial and venous catheters and a femoral flow probe. After recovery, heart rate variability was assessed, followed by a baroreflex challenge (using the vasoactive agents phenylephrine and sodium nitroprusside) in conscious adult lambs. Our data demonstrate decreased low‐frequency normalised units (LFnu) and low‐frequency/high‐frequency ratio in female but not male ex‐preterm sheep at rest. When challenged, mature male ex‐preterm sheep have an increased blood pressure response but dampened heart rate baroreflex response. We show that even a late preterm birth leads to cardiovascular dysfunction in adulthood. These early signs of cardiovascular dysfunction might underpin the later hypertension and increased risk of heart disease observed in adults born preterm. These findings are particularly important because late preterm infants are often assumed to escape the long‐term morbidities known to impact on very preterm and extremely preterm offspring.
Axonal GABAA receptors depolarize presynaptic terminals and facilitate transmitter release in cerebellar Purkinje cells
Authors: Zorrilla de San Martin Javier , Trigo Federico F. , Kawaguchi Shin‐ya
Published: October 2017

Key points

GABAA receptors have been described in the axonal compartment of neurons; contrary to dendritic GABAA receptors, axonal GABAA receptors usually induce depolarizing responses.

In this study we describe the presence of functional axonal GABAA receptors in cerebellar Purkinje cells by using a combination of direct patch‐clamp recordings from the axon terminals and laser GABA photolysis.

In Purkinje cells, axonal GABAA receptors are depolarizing and induce an increase in neurotransmitter release that results in a change of short‐term synaptic plasticity.

These results contribute to our understanding of the cellular mechanisms of action of axonal GABAA receptors and highlight the importance of the presynaptic compartment in neuronal computation.

In neurons of the adult brain, somatodendritic GABAA receptors (GABAARs) mediate fast synaptic inhibition and play a crucial role in synaptic integration. GABAARs are not only present in the somatodendritic compartment, but also in the axonal compartment where they modulate action potential (AP) propagation and transmitter release. Although presynaptic GABAARs have been reported in various brain regions, their mechanisms of action and physiological roles remain obscure, particularly at GABAergic boutons. Here, using a combination of direct whole‐bouton or perforated patch‐clamp recordings and local GABA photolysis in single axonal varicosities of cerebellar Purkinje cells, we investigate the subcellular localization and functional role of axonal GABAARs both in primary cultures and acute slices. Our results indicate that presynaptic terminals of PCs carry GABAARs that behave as auto‐receptors; their activation leads to a depolarization of the terminal membrane after an AP due to the relatively high cytoplasmic Cl− concentration in the axon, but they do not modulate the AP itself. Paired recordings from different terminals of the same axon show that the GABAAR‐mediated local depolarizations propagate substantially to neighbouring varicosities. Finally, the depolarization mediated by presynaptic GABAAR activation augmented Ca2+ influx and transmitter release, resulting in a marked effect on short‐term plasticity. Altogether, our results reveal a mechanism by which presynaptic GABAARs influence neuronal computation.