bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FN er ikke nok. Demokratierne må finde et andet forum
Authors: Parello-Plesner Jonas
Published: February 2025

FN er begrænset af sine medlemmers interesser og har derfor sin primæ- re funktion i det mere apolitiske felt. Det bør holde sig til vacciner, katastrofebistand og enkelte fredsbevarende missioner. Kampen for frihed og demokrati skal føres andetsteds.
Danmarks kamp mod tortur
Authors: Staur Carsten
Published: February 2025

Danmark har i årtier været ledende i FN’s arbejde for at bekæmpe tortur. Det viser, at Danmark sagtens kan løf- te en politisk ’mærkesag’ i FN. Men også, at det er en krævende opgave og et langt sejt slid.
100 år efter genforeningen: En unik international succes
Authors: Pedersen Klaus Carsten
Published: February 2025

Det er almindelig anerkendt, at der har udviklet sig et velfungerende samliv og samarbejde mellem de to nationaliteter i det dansk-ty- ske grænseland. Denne udvikling er foregået gradvis siden 1945 efter flere generationers animositet og konfrontation præget af krige, besættel- se og undertrykkelse. Hvorfor er det gået så godt – og hvad kan andre lande lære?
Palæstinas eneste venner er nu Tyrkiet og Iran
Authors: Erslev Andersen Lars
Published: February 2025

Med den arabiske normalisering af forholdet med Israel synes en palæstinensisk stat fjernere end nogensinde. Normaliseringen er ofte udlagt som en fælles front mod Iran – men det handler reelt mere om, at flere arabiske ledere ser Tyrkiet og Det Muslimske Broderskab som store trusler.
Latter og glemsel i Libanon
Authors: Malmvig Helle
Published: February 2025

Selv efter libanesiske standarder har det seneste år været vildt. Et økono- misk kollaps, politisk krise, corona og en ødelæggende eksplosion i Beiruts havn. Mellemøstforsker Helle Malmvig skriver et personligt essay om året i Libanon, og hvordan humoren – trods alt – hjælper.
UDDRAG: Demokratiets tusmørke
Authors: Applebaum Anne
Published: February 2025

Uddrag fra bogen 'Demokratiets tusmørke. Det autoritæres for- førende lokken.'
ANMELDELSE: Østasiens rædselskabinet lukket op
Authors: Ytzen Flemming
Published: February 2025

Anmeldese af bogen 'Den store efterfølger. Den Strålende Kammerat Kim Jong-uns Guddommeligt Fuldendte Skæbne.'
L’éducation inclusive en dépit de la pandémie. Que retenir pour l’avenir de l’enseignement des arts ?
Authors: Trudel Mona , Horvais Jean , Duval Hélène , Sylvestre Laurence , Trudelle Sylvie , Levasseur Sophie
Published: February 2025

L’article présente les résultats d’une recherche qualitative partenariale de type exploratoire menée en 2020-2022 avec 16 enseignantes et enseignants spécialistes des quatre disciplines artistiques (art dramatique, arts plastiques, danse et musique) enseignées dans les écoles du Québec. L’objectif était de développer de nouveaux savoirs issus de pratiques pédagogiques relatives à l’éducation inclusive en enseignement des arts, aux niveaux primaire et secondaire, en temps de pandémie. L’étude impliquait une équipe multidisciplinaire de recherche de l’Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), le Centre de services scolaire de Montréal (CSSDM) comme partenaire, ainsi que des conseillères et conseillers pédagogiques. Les méthodes d’entretiens individuels et de sous-groupes ainsi que l’analyse de six projets artistiques révèlent les obstacles rencontrés, mais aussi les opportunités créatives qui ont permis de les contourner. Les résultats mettent en lumière de quelle manière la perspective de l’éducation inclusive a été prise en compte et comment elle peut constituer un levier pour enrichir les pratiques d’enseignement des arts au-delà du contexte pandémique.
Que disent les jeunes réfugiés et en demande d’asile de leur expérience socioscolaire ? Étude de l’influence de l’environnement proximal sur leur parcours postmigratoire au Québec
Authors: Papazian-Zohrabian Garine , Montesano Gabrielle , Béland Marie-Pascale , Borri-Anadon Corina , Charrette Josée , Lafortune Gina
Published: February 2025

Durant les dernières années, le Québec a ouvert ses portes à un grand nombre de jeunes et de familles réfugiées et demandeuses d’asile ayant vécu dans des conditions d’adversité et dont la scolarité a été affectée par les pertes et les migrations. Arrivés dans le pays hôte, les élèves réfugiés ont à relever de nombreux défis pour s’adapter à leur nouvel environnement, apprendre le français et réussir à l’école. Le premier objectif de cette recherche financée par le Conseil de recherches en sciences humaines (CRSH; 2019-2023) était de dresser les portraits et mettre en lumière les parcours scolaires de ces élèves réfugiés et en demande d’asile arrivés au Québec entre septembre 2015 et juin 2018. Le deuxième objectif était de découvrir les éléments systémiques favorisant ou non leur expérience socioscolaire en vue d’améliorer l’offre des services scolaires et les pratiques éducatives ciblant ce sous-groupe d’élèves en particulier. Cet article donne la voix aux élèves et présente une partie des résultats qualitatifs de cette étude à devis mixte, menée en partenariat avec quatre centres de services scolaires (CSS) québécois. Les principaux résultats en lien avec l’environnement proximal du jeune soulignent l’influence décisive, positive ou non, du personnel enseignant et de son enseignement, du climat scolaire, de la famille et de la communauté dans l’expérience socioscolaire des jeunes.
Kukurūzai (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Liakas Vytautas
Published: February 2025

Monografijoje aptariama kukurūzų kilmė ir auginimo plėtra Lietuvoje. Remiantis ilgamečių tyrimų duomenimis pateikiami skirtingų kukurūzų veislių auginimo ypatumai besikeičiančio klimato sąlymis. Monografijoje taip pat daug dėmesio skiriama kukurūzų tręšimui ir ligų profilaktikai, išsamiai aptariamos jų panaudojimo krytys.
Timely vaccine strain selection and genomic surveillance improves evolutionary forecast accuracy of seasonal influenza A/H3N2
Authors: Huddleston John , Bedford Trevor
Published: February 2025

For the last decade, evolutionary forecasting models have influenced seasonal influenza vaccine design. These models attempt to predict which genetic variants circulating at the time of vaccine strain selection will be dominant 12 months later in the influenza season targeted by vaccination campaign. Forecasting models depend on hemagglutinin (HA) sequences from the WHO’s Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System to identify currently circulating groups of related strains (clades) and estimate clade fitness for forecasts. However, the average lag between collection of a clinical sample and the submission of its sequence to the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID) EpiFlu database is ∼3 months. Submission lags complicate the already difficult 12-month forecasting problem by reducing understanding of current clade frequencies at the time of forecasting. These constraints of a 12-month forecast horizon and 3-month average submission lags create an upper bound on the accuracy of any long-term forecasting model. The global response to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic revealed that modern vaccine technology like mRNA vaccines can reduce how far we need to forecast into the future to 6 months or less and that expanded support for sequencing can reduce submission lags to GISAID to 1 month on average. To determine whether these recent advances could also improve long-term forecasts for seasonal influenza, we quantified the effects of reducing forecast horizons and submission lags on the accuracy of forecasts for A/H3N2 populations. We found that reducing forecast horizons from 12 months to 6 or 3 months reduced average absolute forecasting errors to 25% and 50% of the 12-month average, respectively. Reducing submission lags provided little improvement to forecasting accuracy but decreased the uncertainty in current clade frequencies by 50%. These results show the potential to substantially improve the accuracy of existing influenza forecasting models by modernizing influenza vaccine development and increasing global sequencing capacity.
Adoption of Internet Banking Services and its Impact on Customer Satisfaction: A Bamenda Banking Perspective
Authors: Virginie Takoutio Feudjio , Bernadette Yougang , Penn Teku Juscard
Published: February 2025

The purpose of banks Over the past years, had been that of providing higher customer satisfaction, because it is a critical one for long term success in the competitive market. The competition in the market increases as day by day so as to cope up with the growing competition pressure on banks. Banks are adopting many initiatives and one of them is internet-banking. Which involves providing banking services to customers through various electronic delivery Channels.
The objective of this article is thus to Examine how internet banking services adoption (Use of Electronic Funds Transfer, Use of Mobile Banking, Use of Automated Teller Machine) can affect customer satisfaction of Banks in Bamenda. To do that, Data was gotten from primary sources, 146 structured questionnaires were administered to customers of banks who were selected through a stratified random sampling. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential analysis. From the regression table, results have shown that Customer satisfaction is being explained positively and significantly by the adoption of internet banking services. The coefficient R2 (65.6%) shows a degree of explanation of the dependent variable by the independent variables. Thus, the use of Electronic fund transfer, mobile banking, automated teller machine has a positive and significant influence on Customer satisfaction. This means that internet-banking services adoption have a significant effect on customer satisfaction. It is therefore recommended that, with this arena of competitivity, Banks should adopt more internet banking services to attract more customers, which will boost their performance.
Analysis of Determinant Factors Affecting Blood Sugar Levels in Diabetes Mellitus Patients at the Johan Pahlawan Medical Facility of West Aceh
Authors: Syentia Irda , Marniati  , Khairunnas  , Anwar Sufyan , Syam Nasrianti
Published: February 2025

Aims: A rise in blood sugar levels within the body is the cause of diabetes mellitus, a degenerative disease. Modifiable risk factors for diabetes mellitus include being overweight, not exercising, central obesity, Dyslipidemia, eating a diet rich Lacking in fiber and high in sugar,and non-modifiable risk faktors including genetics.
Study Designs:  Cross Sectional Design.
Place and Duration of Study: West Aceh Regency's Johan Pahlawan District is home to the Johan Pahlawan Health Center. The study was conducted between August and December of 2024.
Methodology: Sample: This study had 87 people, Of them, 63 were women and 24 were men. Ages range from 36 to 83. Every diabetic patient receiving care at the Johan Pahlawan West Aceh Medical Center.
Results: The analysis's findings demonstrated that, at the Johan Pahlawan West Aceh Health Center, there was a correlation among body mass index and diabetes mellitus (P Value = 0.049), and there is a connection among diet and blood sugar levels value (P Value = 0.009), knowledge (P Value = 0.003), family history (P Value= 0.044), and physical activities (P Value= 0.006).
Conclusion: According to the research, blood sugar levels value in diabetes mellitus sufferer at the Johan Pahlawan Medical Center in West Aceh are correlated with their diet, body mass index, knowledge, family history, and physical activity.
The Role of AI in Early Detection of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases: A Literature Survey
Authors: Alhassun Wejdan H. , Alothman Abdulaziz S. , Alfawaz Sultan A.
Published: February 2025

Early detection of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s is crucial for improving patient care and enabling timely interventions. Artificial intelligence (AI) offers innovative approaches to analyzing complex medical datasets, revolutionizing the detection of these diseases at early stages. This review discusses key AI methodologies, including machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), natural language processing (NLP), and reinforcement learning (RL), and their applications in early diagnosis. ML models excel in predicting disease risk and classifying imaging and biometric data, while DL techniques, such as convolutional and recurrent neural networks, are effective in processing unstructured data like images and speech. NLP facilitates extracting critical insights from clinical notes and patient narratives, and RL enhances decision-making in diagnostic workflows. Integrating multimodal data—such as genomics, neuroimaging, wearable device metrics, and electronic health records—further strengthens diagnostic precision. Despite its promise, the widespread implementation of AI faces challenges, including the need for standardized data, ethical considerations, and clinical validation. Overcoming these obstacles is essential for AI to transform early detection and management of neurodegenerative diseases. This review emphasizes the significance of interdisciplinary efforts and sustained research to unlock AI’s full potential in medical applications.
Efficacy of Tooth Bleaching with 35% and 6% Hydrogen Peroxide in Primary Dentition: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Esteves Camilla Vieira , Sobral Ana Paula Taboada , Gonçalves Marcela Leticia Leal , Gimenez Thais , Gallo Juliana Maria Altavista Sagretti , Kobayashi-Velasco Solange , Neto Aloísio de Melo Farias , Mandetta Amanda Rafaelly Honório , Altavista Olga Maria , Pinto Marcelo Mendes , Horliana Anna Carolina Ratto Tempestini , Motta Lara Jansiski , Bussadori Sandra Kalil
Published: February 2025

Background: The aesthetics of dental elements generates significant psychological and social impacts, both in primary and permanent dentition. One of the most employed techniques to visually improve the appearance of teeth is bleaching. In in-office whitening, the technique used consists of applying whitening gel to dental surfaces in concentrations ranging from 25% to 50% of hydrogen peroxide. However, recent studies showed that low and medium concentration bleaching agents based on hydrogen peroxide have been effective and present a lower risk of sensitivity to the patient.
Aims: To carry out a controlled and randomized clinical trial to compare the effectiveness of dental bleaching in primary teeth with hydrogen peroxide at concentrations of 35% and 6%.
Methods: In this study, 38 patients aged 3 to 6 years-old will be selected and allocated in 2 groups (G1 - Hydrogen Peroxide 35%, n=19 and G2- Hydrogen Peroxide 6%, n=19). Bleaching will be carried out in up to three sessions, with an interval of 7 days between each session. Evaluation of color and tooth sensitivity will be carried out 48 hours after each bleaching session. The color assessment will be measured with the aid of a digital spectrometer while the tooth sensitivity will be assessed by using the Pain Level Scale (Wong-Baker Faces®).
Discussion: It is expected that there will be no significant difference between the groups in terms of color variation and that the low concentration bleaching group will have the lowest sensitivity index.
Breaking the Diagnostic Enigma: Brucella Infection in the Spectrum of Pyrexia of Unknown Origin at a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India
Authors: Rawat Pratima , Kalyan Raj Kumar , Mahesh Shreya , Jahan Asmat , Verma Sheetal , Jain Amita
Published: February 2025

Background: Brucellosis is a neglected zoonotic infection that poses significant public health concerns. It is endemic in various regions of Asia, notably in India. It contributes to pyrexia of unknown origin and has the potential to cause life-threatening multisystem disease.
Objectives: The focus of this work was to diagnose brucellosis by IgM/IgG ELISA.
Methods: A total of 94 serum samples were collected and processed for screening of brucella by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay.
Results: Human brucellosis was prevalent in a study of 94 individuals with suspected Pyrexia of Unknown Origin (PUO), with diverse infectious causes identified. The diagnostic success rate was 61.7%, and Brucella-positive cases (mean age 34.08±15.14) were more common in males (69.2%) and rural individuals (61.5%), particularly farmers/unskilled laborers and housewives. The Orthopedics/Rheumatology ward exhibited a higher prevalence (53.8%), with clinical manifestations including pyrexia, arthralgia, anemia, backache, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, and thrombocytopenia/thrombocytosis. PCR analysis identified one B. abortus case (1.1%), and serological/molecular analyses revealed distinct patterns, including solely IgG positive (3.2%), solely IgM positive (9.6%), and positivity for both IgM and PCR (1.1%).
Conclusion: The potential for unusual clinical presentation and the low titers of serologic reactivity remind us that brucellosis remains a diagnostic challenge that requires clinical suspicion and thorough evaluation.
Secondhand Smoke Exposure Measured in Urinary Cotinine Levels and Severity of Pediatric Sleep Apnea
Authors: Rubinstein Benjamin J. , Vazifedan Turaj , Baldassari Cristina M.
Published: February 2024

Importance

Exposure to secondhand smoke has been associated with numerous health problems in children, including obstructive sleep apnea. Secondhand smoke exposure may be a risk factor for increased pediatric sleep apnea severity.

Objectives

To assess the association of secondhand smoke exposure (SHSe), quantified by urinary cotinine levels, with severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This was a prospective cohort trial including pediatric patients from 3 to 16 years of age with sleep-disordered breathing who underwent a polysomnogram at a tertiary-level children’s hospital in the US in either March 2014 to October 2016 or March 2020 to March 2021. Urine specimens were analyzed for cotinine, an important metabolite of nicotine. Each child’s caregiver completed a validated SHSe questionnaire. Data were analyzed from February to June 2023.

Exposure

OSA and secondhand smoke.

Main Outcome and Measures

SHSe and severity of pediatric OSA, quantified by urinary cotinine levels and obstructive apnea hypopnea index (AHI) scores. Secondary outcomes were association of urinary cotinine levels with nadir oxygen saturation, sleep-related quality of life measured by the OSA-18 questionnaire, and caregiver-reported smoking habits (collected through a questionnaire).

Results

The study included 116 patients with a median (IQR) age of 6 (5-9) years, among whom 51 (45%) had obesity. The median (IQR) AHI was 3.0 (1.2-8.0), with 28 children (30.0%) having severe disease (AHI >10). Thirty-four children (29.0%) were found to have a positive result for urine cotinine screening, with a mean (SD) level of 11.7 (9.4) ng/mL. The percentage of children with SHSe was less than anticipated. There was no association identified between urinary cotinine levels and either AHI (ρ = −0.04; 95% CI, −0.22 to 0.15) or nadir oxygen saturation (ρ = −0.07; 95% CI, −0.26 to 0.11). Furthermore, SHSe was not associated with the presence of severe OSA (odds ratio, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.26 to 1.90). Children whose caregivers reported indoor SHSe were more likely to have a detectable urinary cotinine level (odds ratio, 20.3; 95% CI, 6.67 to 61.8).

Conclusions and Relevance

This cohort study did not identify any clinically meaningful association between SHSe, quantified by urinary cotinine level, and pediatric OSA severity. Future research with a larger number of children with SHSe is needed to confirm these findings and determine whether SHSe affects OSA treatment outcomes in children.
Inflammatory Arthritis in Systemic Sclerosis: Its Epidemiology, Associations, and Morbidity
Authors: Schwender Eric , Hansen Dylan , Stevens Wendy , Ross Laura , Proudman Susanna , Walker Jenny , Sahhar Joanne , Ngian Gene , Host Lauren , Major Gabor , Nikpour Mandana , Morrisroe Kathleen
Published: February 2024

Objective

To describe the epidemiology, associations, and impact of inflammatory arthritis (IA) in systemic sclerosis (SSc).

Methods

Patients with SSc prospectively enrolled in the Australian Scleroderma Cohort Study were included. IA was defined clinically as the presence of synovitis on examination. Logistic regression was used to determine the associations of IA with SSc manifestations and serological parameters. Patient‐reported outcome measures were used to capture physical function and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL).

Results

IA was a common SSc manifestation affecting one‐third (33.3%) of patients over a median follow‐up of 4.3 (1.7–8.4) years. Associations of IA included diffuse SSc (odds ratio [OR] 1.33, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.01–1.74, P = 0.042), concurrent musculoskeletal manifestations (joint contractures and tendon friction rubs, OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.34–2.15, P < 0.001); myositis (OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.39–3.20, P < 0.001), and sicca symptoms (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.14–2.16, P = 0.006), whereas IA was negatively associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.35–0.78, P = 0.002). Neither the presence of rheumatoid factor nor U1 small nuclear RNP were associated with IA (OR 1.13, 95% CI 0.88–1.44, P = 0.331, OR 1.46, 95% CI 0.89–2.39, P = 0.129 respectively). Positive anticyclic citrullinated protein antibodies, although at low frequency, were more common in those with IA compared with those without IA (7.5% vs 1.5%, P < 0.001). IA was associated with significantly lower HRQoL score (P < 0.001) and more physical disability than in those without IA (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

IA is a common disease manifestation that is more frquently seen in diffuse disease. IA is associated with poor HRQoL and physical disability. Further research is needed into the effective management of IA in SSc.
Optimal state filters for networked iterative learning control systems with data losses and noises
Authors: Guo Xinyang , Huang Lixun , Sun Lijun , Liu Weihua , Zhang Zhe , Zhang Qiuwen
Published: February 2024

Data losses and noises in both forward and feedback channels significantly impact the convergence of networked iterative learning control (ILC) systems. To address this issue, this article considers a class of linear time‐invariant objects controlled by proportional ILC controllers, an optimal state filter is then designed at the ILC controller side that aims to guarantee the convergence of the input transmitted by ILC controllers. First, two data transmission processes are introduced to account for the effects of data losses and noises. Second, a filtering model is established utilizing only the object information and the aforementioned data transmission processes. Third, the optimal state filter is designed on the basis of the orthogonal projection principle. This filtered state facilitates the acquisition of actual output errors, thus improving the convergence of the input transmitted by ILC controllers. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed state filters.
Recent Progress of Ru Single‐Atom Catalyst: Synthesis, Modification, and Energetic Applications
Authors: Chen Wenhua , Yu Min , Liu Suli , Zhang Chunmei , Jiang Shaohua , Duan Gaigai
Published: February 2024

In recent years, single‐atom catalysts (SACs) have become the most active part of the catalytic field due to their excellent catalytic activity. Among them, Ru SACs exhibit excellent performance in many catalytic applications due to their high atomic utilization efficiency, catalytic activity and selectivity, and relatively low cost. In order to understand the structure–performance relationship and potential catalytic mechanism of Ru SACs, this review summarizes the research progress of Ru SACs in the fields of electrocatalytic water splitting, fuel cells, nitrogen reduction, and nitrate reduction in recent years. The catalytic process of Ru single atom in different synthesis methods and modification strategies is summarized. Finally, some opportunities and challenges for the future development of Ru SACs are prospected.
Stackable and Deployable Laser‐Induced Graphene Layers Toward the Flexible Manufacturing of Smart 3D Honeycombs with Multifunctional Performance
Authors: Gao Yan , Cao Yujie , Luo Yifan , Wang Guantao , Zhao Wei , Ding Xilun , Luo Sida
Published: February 2024

Smart honeycombs are becoming the novel structural strategy for next‐generation devices and equipments. Unfortunately, traditional surface‐coating, structural immersing, and 3D printing approaches still face significant challenges in combining structural customization and performance multifunctionality. Herein, a brand‐new processing strategy is developed to construct graphene‐based smart honeycombs by stacking and deploying laser‐induced graphene (LIG) layers with alternatively inserted adhesives. Through tuning key parameters, various LIG‐enabled smart honeycombs (LIG‐HC) can be assembled with scalable areal dimension and thickness, variable cell sizes and shapes, as well as patternable graphene clusters. By further understanding the process‐dependent structural stability and electrical conductivity, multifunctional characteristics are systematically explored, including anisotropic mechanical, electrical, piezoresistive, and electromagnetic performance. To finally demonstrate the unique honeycomb multifunctionally applied in fields of aviation, an intelligent LIG‐HC enabled aircraft‐wing model is representatively constructed for performing anti‐/de‐icing, high‐temperature warning, flame retardancy, pressure and vibration monitoring, as well as electromagnetic shielding and stealth.
Donor‐Acceptor Truxene‐Based Porous Polymers: Synthesis, Optoelectronic Characterization and Defense‐Related Applications
Authors: Méndez‐Gil Nayara , Gámez‐Valenzuela Sergio , Echeverri Marcelo , Suyo Gary H. , Iglesias Marta , Delgado M. Carmen Ruiz , Gómez‐Lor Berta
Published: February 2024

Four donor‐acceptor (D‐A) polymers are synthesized by combining two different electron donors (truxene and its more electron rich triaza analogue, triindole) with an electron‐deficient monomer (benzothiadiazole) through two different positions (2,7,13 or 3,8,13) and their optoelectronic properties are studied by theoretical and experimental methods. One of the polymers exhibits remarkable sensing capabilities for explosive nitraoaromatics while another demonstrated efficient photocatalytic activity in the aerobic sulfoxidation of the sulfur mustard simulant 2‐chloro‐ethyl ethyl sulfide (MGS) sulfoxidation. These results highlight their potential applications in defense‐related areas. Moreover, the structure‐performance relationships observed among the four polymers have enabled us to deepen the understanding of the mechanisms underlying the performance of these polymers in the aforementioned applications, thereby providing valuable insights to further improve their properties.
Time and Space Dual‐Blockade Strategy for Highly Invasive Nature of Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer in Enhanced Sonodynamic Therapy Based on Fe‐MOF Nanoplatforms
Authors: Cao Cheng , Lu Yi , Pan Xinni , Lin Yuwan , Fan Shanshan , Niu Jiaqi , Lin Shujing , Tan Haisong , Wang You , Cui Shengsheng , Liu Yanlei
Published: February 2024

Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC), due to its high malignant degree and strong invasion ability, leads to poor prognosis and easy recurrence, so effectively curbing the invasion of TNBC is the key to obtaining the ideal therapeutic effect. Herein, a therapeutic strategy is developed that curbs high invasions of TNBC by inhibiting cell physiological activity and disrupting tumor cell structural function to achieve the time and space dual‐blockade. The time blockade is caused by the breakthrough of the tumor‐reducing blockade based on the ferroptosis process and the oxidation‐toxic free radicals generated by enhanced sonodynamic therapy (SDT). Meanwhile, alkyl radicals from 2,2′‐azobis[2‐(2‐imidazolin‐2‐yl)propane] dihydrochloride (AIPH) and 1O2 attacked the organelles of tumor cells under ultrasound (US), reducing the physiological activity of the cells. The attack of free radicals on the cytoskeleton, especially on the proteins of F‐actin and its assembly pathway, achieves precise space blockade of TNBC. The damage to the cytoskeleton and the suppression of the repair process leads to a significant decline in the ability of tumor cells to metastasize and invade other organs. In summary, the FTM@AM nanoplatforms have a highly effective killing and invasion inhibition effect on invasive TNBC mediated by ultrasound, showcasing promising clinical transformation potential.
Observation of High‐Capacity Monoclinic B‐Nb2O5 with Ultrafast Lithium Storage
Authors: Dong Wujie , Liu Zichao , Xie Miao , Chen Yongjin , Ma Wenqin , Liang Song , Bai Yuzhou , Huang Fuqiang
Published: February 2024

Apart from Li4Ti5O12, there are few anode substitutes that can be used in commercial high‐power lithium‐ion batteries. Orthorhombic T‐Nb2O5 has recently been proven to be another substitute anode. However, monoclinic B‐Nb2O5 of same chemistry is essentially inert for lithium storage, but the underlying reasons are unclear. In order to activate the “inert” B‐Nb2O5, herein, nanoporous pseudocrystals to achieve a larger specific capacity of 243 mAh g−1 than Li4Ti5O12 (theoretical capacity: 175 mAh g−1) are proposed. These pseudocrystals are rationally synthesized via a “shape‐keep” topological microcorrosion process from LiNbO3 precursor. Compared to pristine B‐Nb2O5, experimental investigations reveal that B‐Nb2O5−x delivers ≈3000 times higher electronic conductivity and tenfold enhanced Li+ diffusion coefficient. An ≈30% reduction of energy barrier for Li‐ion migration is also confirmed by the theoretical calculations. The nanoporous B‐Nb2O5−x delivers unique ion/electron transport channels to proliferate the reversible and deeper lithiation, which activate the “inert” B‐Nb2O5. The capacitive‐like behavior is observed to endow B‐Nb2O5−x ultrafast lithium storage ability, harvesting 136 mAh g−1 at 100 C and 72 mAh g−1 even at 250 C, superior to Li4Ti5O12. Pouch‐type full cells exhibit the energy density of ≈251 Wh kg−1 and ultrahigh power density up to ≈35 kW kg−1.
Linearly Interlinked Fe‐Nx‐Fe Single Atoms Catalyze High‐Rate Sodium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Ruan Jiufeng , Lei Yao‐Jie , Fan Yameng , Borras Marcela Chaki , Luo Zhouxin , Yan Zichao , Johannessen Bernt , Gu Qinfen , Konstantinov Konstantin , Pang Wei Kong , Sun Wenping , Wang Jia‐Zhao , Liu Hua‐Kun , Lai Wei‐Hong , Wang Yun‐Xiao , Dou Shi‐Xue
Published: February 2024

Linearly interlinked single atoms offer unprecedented physiochemical properties, but their synthesis for practical applications still poses significant challenges. Herein, linearly interlinked iron single‐atom catalysts that are loaded onto interconnected carbon channels as cathodic sulfur hosts for room‐temperature sodium‐sulfur batteries are presented. The interlinked iron single‐atom exhibits unique metallic iron bonds that facilitate the transfer of electrons to the sulfur cathode, thereby accelerating the reaction kinetics. Additionally, the columnated and interlinked carbon channels ensure rapid Na+ diffusion kinetics to support high‐rate battery reactions. By combining the iron atomic chains and the topological carbon channels, the resulting sulfur cathodes demonstrate effective high‐rate conversion performance while maintaining excellent stability. Remarkably, even after 5000 cycles at a current density of 10 A g−1, the Na‐S battery retains a capacity of 325 mAh g−1. This work can open a new avenue in the design of catalysts and carbon ionic channels, paving the way to achieve sustainable and high‐performance energy devices.
Near‐Zero Energy Consumption Capacitors by Controlling Inhomogeneous Polarization Configuration
Authors: Chen Liang , Hu Tengfei , Shi Xiaoming , Yu Huifen , Zhang Hao , Wu Jie , Fu Zhengqian , Qi He , Chen Jun
Published: February 2024

Taking into account the need for energy conservation, achieving near‐zero energy loss, namely ultrahigh efficiency (η), in energy storage capacitors with large recoverable energy storage density (Wrec) plays an important role in applications, which is one of the major challenges in dielectric energy storage field. Here, guided by phase‐field simulation, inhomogeneous polarization configuration with multiple symmetries and polarization magnitudes is controlled through aliovalent strongly polar double ion design to establish a strongly disordered state. A record‐high η of ≈97.4% is realized in lead‐free relaxors with a large Wrec of ≈8.6 J cm−3, which also give a giant Wrec of ≈11.6 J cm−3 with an ultrahigh η of ≈96.1% through high‐energy ball milling, showing a breakthrough progress in ceramic capacitors with a maximum figure of merit of 330. This work demonstrates that controlling inhomogeneous polarization configuration is an effective avenue to develop new high‐performance near‐zero energy loss energy storage capacitors.
Application of Bertagnini's Salts in a Mechanochemical Approach Toward Aza‐Heterocycles and Reductive Aminations via Imine Formation
Authors: Behera Sourav , Kanti Bera Shyamal , Basoccu Francesco , Cuccu Federico , Caboni Pietro , De Luca Lidia , Porcheddu Andrea
Published: February 2024

Our research has demonstrated that mechanochemical activation is more effective with solid reagents. We have showcased the practicality of Bertagnini's salts, also called aldehyde‐bisulfite adducts, which are crystalline, simplifying preparation and storage. These salts are stable substitutes for liquid aldehydes and ketones that have been employed in reductive amination, synthesizing aza‐heterocycles and hydrazones within mechanochemistry. The technique‘s effectiveness broadens the substrate scopes, simplifies purification, reduces reaction times, and yields the desired products ranging from 38–91%. Additionally, the thermal stability of the bisulfite adducts has been confirmed through TGA (Thermogravimetric analysis) analysis.
Advancing Breath‐Based Diagnostics: 3D Mesh SERS Sensor Via Dielectrophoretic Alignment of Solution‐Processed Au Nanoparticle‐Decorated TiO2 Nanowires
Authors: Constantinou Marios , Panteli Christoforos , Potamiti Louiza , Panayiotidis Mihalis I. , Agapiou Agapios , Christodoulou Sotirios , Andreou Chrysafis
Published: February 2024

Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is becoming an attractive analytical technique for the next generation of breath diagnostics. However, current SERS substrates present challenges related to fabrication cost, complexity, signal uniformity, and reproducibility. Here, a low‐cost, label‐free SERS sensor based on fully solution‐processed decoration of TiO2 nanowires is demonstrated (NW) with plasmonic Au nanoparticles (NP) followed by the dielectrophoretic self‐assembly into a 3D mesh with high signal to noise ratio. The sensor performance is tested using 4‐aminothiophenol (4‐ATP) as a model analyte in gas phase, at concentrations down to 10 ppbv, and in solution, with limit of detection ≈2.4 pM. Finally, to explore the sensor capability for breath‐based diagnostics, a proof‐of‐concept experiment is performed with exhaled breath condensates (EBCs). The possibility to discriminate EBCs of individuals with upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) from healthy ones is demonstrated. Multiple SERS spectra (n≈50) from each sample are analyzed using orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS‐DA), which identifies spectral features representative of URTI in up to 80% of the infection‐related spectra. These results demonstrate the applicability and potential of 1D nanomaterials together with state‐of‐the‐art solution‐processed techniques for the development of low‐cost and compact SERS breath‐based diagnostic platforms for clinical point‐of‐care applications.
Hierarchically Assembled Nanofiber Scaffolds with Dual Growth Factor Gradients Promote Skin Wound Healing Through Rapid Cell Recruitment
Authors: Fan Ruyi , Zhang Chuwei , Li Fei , Li Bo , McCarthy Alec , Zhang Yi , Chen Shixuan , Zhang Lin
Published: February 2024

To address current challenges in effectively treating large skin defects caused by trauma in clinical medicine, the fabrication, and evaluation of a novel radially aligned nanofiber scaffold (RAS) with dual growth factor gradients is presented. These aligned nanofibers and the scaffold's spatial design provide many all‐around “highways” for cell migration from the edge of the wound to the center area. Besides, the chemotaxis induced by two growth factor gradients further promotes cell migration. Incorporating epidermal growth factor (EGF) aids in the proliferation and differentiation of basal layer cells in the epidermis, augmenting the scaffold's ability to promote epidermal regeneration. Concurrently, the scaffold‐bound vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) recruits vascular endothelial cells at the wound's center, resulting in angiogenesis and improving blood supply and nutrient delivery, which is critical for granulation tissue regeneration. The RAS+EGF+VEGF group demonstrates superior performance in wound immune regulation, wound closure, hair follicle regeneration, and ECM deposition and remodeling compared to other groups. This study highlights the promising potential of hierarchically assembled nanofiber scaffolds with dual growth factor gradients for wound repair and tissue regeneration applications.
Perovskite Stannate Heterojunctions for Self‐Powered Ultraviolet Photodiodes Operated in Extreme Environments
Authors: Yoon Daseob , Lee Yujeong , Kang Youngho , Son Junwoo
Published: February 2024

High‐performance UV photodetectors call for sensitive and energy‐efficient signal detection in extreme environments. To satisfy the requirement of a UV detection without an external power consumption, self‐powered UV photodetectors must be realized by an optimal combination of heterostructure with maximum built‐in potential using novel wide‐bandgap materials. Here, self‐powered UV photodiodes are designed via the band engineering of a wide‐bandgap Sr(Sn,Ni)O3/BaSnO3 heterojunction for the first time. Based on the theoretical concept of acceptor doping by Ni substitution in SrSnO3, remarkably, this heterojunction with a conduction band offset of 0.94 eV shows strong nonlinear electrical characteristics with extremely low Idark (≈100 fA) owing to the spatial gradient of the potential barrier across the interfaces, outstanding photo‐to‐dark current ratio (>107 at 25 °C and > 104 at 300 °C), and high stability under various extreme conditions upon UV illumination even without external bias (V = 0 V). This study suggests a novel strategy that utilizes band engineering to maximize sensitivity and minimize energy consumption in harsh environments for UV imaging using the newly discovered wide‐bandgap semiconductors.
Are food manufacturers reducing sugar content? Evidence from scanner data
Authors: Cengiz Ezgi , Rojas Christian
Published: February 2024

Reductions in sugar intake are at the center of policy discussions to improve health. In this article, we use barcode‐level nutrition and sales data on the near‐universe of all packaged food products in the United States over 2007–2015 to investigate whether food manufacturers have reduced added sugar in their product offerings and whether these reformulations have played a role on consumers' sugar intake. We find that reformulation efforts would have reduced sugar intake by 52.8% between 2007 and 2015 had households' shopping baskets in 2015 remained the same as in 2007. However, consumers' purchases have gravitated toward more sugary products over time, thereby negating more than twothirds of the reduction in sugar intake that reformulation could have brought about. As a result, sugar intake has only decreased by 15.6%. Evidence shows that the largest reformulation effects come from product groups that have received the greatest scrutiny. Sweetened beverages, desserts, and sweets together represent 89% of pure reformulation, where sweetened beverages alone represent 43%. We also analyze the change in added sugar intake across income and find larger reductions in higher‐income households; this finding suggests that existing disparities in diet quality have become more pronounced over time [EconLit Citations: D22, I12, I18, L66].
Using Two Predictive Models to Capture Two Types of Poor Outcomes in Knee Arthroplasty: A Multisite Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Riddle Daniel L. , Dumenci Levent
Published: February 2024

Objective

Poor outcome after knee arthroplasty (KA), a common major surgery worldwide, reportedly occurs in approximately 20% of patients. These patients demonstrate minimal improvement, at least moderate knee pain, and difficulty performing many routine daily activities. The purposes of our study were to comprehensively determine poor outcome risk after KA and to identify predictors of poor outcome.

Methods

Data from 565 participants with KA in the Osteoarthritis Initiative and the Multicenter Osteoarthritis studies were used. Previously validated latent class analyses (LCAs) of good versus poor outcome trajectories of Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) Pain and Disability were generated to describe minimal improvement and poor final outcome. The modified Escobar RAND appropriateness system was used to generate classifications of appropriate, inconclusive, and rarely appropriate. Multivariable prediction models included LCA‐based good versus poor outcome, modified Escobar classifications, and evidence‐driven preoperative prognostic variables.

Results

Modified Escobar appropriateness classifications were nonsignificant predictors of WOMAC Pain good versus poor outcomes, indicating the methods provide independent outcome estimates. For WOMAC Pain and WOMAC Disability, approximately 34% and 45% of participants, respectively, had a high probability of either minimal improvement via “rarely appropriate” classifications or poor outcome via LCA. In multivariable prediction models, greater contralateral knee pain consistently predicted poor outcome (eg, odds ratio 1.21, 95% confidence interval 1.10–1.33).

Conclusion

Appropriateness criteria and LCA estimates provided combined poor outcome estimates that were approximately double the commonly reported poor outcome of 20%. Rates of poor outcome could be reduced if clinicians screened patients using appropriateness criteria and LCA predictors before surgery to optimize outcome.

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A control scheme for interval type‐2 T‐S fuzzy systems at constrained bit rates: A coding and decoding scheme
Authors: Yan Tingli , Zhang Sunjie , Yu Ying
Published: February 2024

This study focuses on a class of interval type‐2 T‐S fuzzy systems under bit rate constraint(BRC), which can adapt to complex systems more flexibly than the traditional interval type‐1 T‐S fuzzy model. In order to guarantee the security of data transmission, and considering that the channel is affected by the bit rate during transmission, this study introduces a codec scheme in the interval type‐2 T‐S fuzzy system and applies it to the channel from the sensor to the controller. With the support of the codec scheme, this study explores the sufficient conditions to satisfy the data recoverability, and based on the satisfaction of these conditions, the system is proposed to satisfy the sufficient conditions for input‐to‐state stability (ISS) and the controller gain. Through the in‐depth analysis in this paper, this study proposes a control scheme that can fit complex systems more accurately and also confirms the importance of considering bit rate constraints in communication systems. Finally, the paper is validated by simulation with two specific examples, which fully demonstrate the superiority and effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
Demonstration of a robust high cell density transient CHO platform yielding mAb titers of up to 2 g/L without medium exchange
Authors: Wu Rigumula , Kahl Danielle M. , Kloberdanz Ronald , Rohilla Kushal J. , Balasubramanian Sowmya
Published: February 2024

Biopharmaceuticals like therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and other derived proteins are popular for treating various diseases. Transient gene expression (TGE) is typically used as a fast yet efficient method to generate moderate amounts of material. It has been used to support early stage research and discovery processes. Introduction of a robust high yielding and predictive TGE platform in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) is crucial. It maintains the consistency in cell lines and processes throughout the early drug discovery and downstream manufacturing processes. This helps researchers to identify the issues at an early stage for timely resolution. In this study, we have demonstrated a simple high‐titer platform for TGE in CHO based on a dilution process of seeding cells. We achieved titers ranging from 0.8 to 1.9 g/L for eight model mAbs at three scales (1, 30, 100 mL) in 10 days using our new platform. The ability to seed by dilution significantly streamlined the process and dramatically enhanced platform throughput. We observed a modest reduction in titer ranging from 11% to 28% when cells were seeded using dilution compared to when cells were seeded using medium exchange. Further studies revealed that carry over of spent medium into transfection negatively affected the DNA uptake and transcription processes, while the translation and secretion was minimally impacted. In summary, our transient CHO platform using cells prepared by dilution at high densities can achieve high titers of up to 1.9 g/L, which can be further improved by targeting the bottlenecks of transfection and transcription.
An Updated Review on Nelumbo Nucifera Gaertn: Chemical Composition, Nutritional Value and Pharmacological Activities
Authors: Sahu Bhaskar , Sahu Mahendra , Sahu Mukesh , Yadav Megha , Sahu Rakesh , Sahu Chandana
Published: February 2024

Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn is a recognised herbal plant in ancient medical sciences. Each portion of the plant leaf, flower, seed and rhizome is utilised for nutritional and medicinal purposes. The chemical compositions like phenol, alkaloids, glycoside, terpenoids and steroids have been isolated. The plant contains various nutritional values like lipids, proteins, amino acids, minerals, carbohydrates, and fatty acids. Traditional medicine confirms that the phytochemicals of plants give significant benefits to the treatment of various diseases such as leukoderma, smallpox, dysentery, haematemesis, coughing, haemorrhage, metrorrhagia, haematuria, fever, hyperlipidaemia, cholera, hepatopathy and hyperdipsia. To verify the traditional claims, researchers have conducted scientific biological in vivo and in vitro screenings, which have exhibited that the plant keeps various notable pharmacological activities such as anticancer, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, antiviral, hypolipidemic, anti‐obesity, antipyretic, hypoglycaemic, antifungal, anti‐inflammatory and antibacterial activities. This review, summaries the nutritional composition, chemical constituents and biological activities substantiated by the researchers done in vivo and in vitro.