bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HIV and other sexually transmitted infections among female sex workers in Moscow (Russia): prevalence and associated risk factors
Authors: Bernier Adeline , Rumyantseva Tatiana , Reques Laura , Volkova Natalia , Kyburz Yan , Maximov Olga , Derrienic Eve , Guschin Alexander , Bouscaillou Julie , Luhmann Niklas , Pataut Dominique
Published: March 2020

To estimate the prevalence and factors associated with HIV and five other STIs among outdoor female sex workers (OSFW) and indoor FSW (IFSW).

Methods

Cross-sectional survey using respondent-driven sampling methodology. Participants answered a bio-behavioural questionnaire and were tested forNeisseria gonorrhoeae(NG),Chlamydia trachomatis(CT),Trichomonas vaginalis(TV), syphilis (lifetime contact) andMycoplasma genitalium(MG). Weighted HIV and other STIs prevalence and 95% CIs were calculated. Weighted multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with having at least one STI (including HIV).

Results

Between October 2017 and July 2018, 385 FSW participants were recruited, among whom 206 (53.5%) were IFSW and 179 (46.5%) were OFSW. The mean age was 31.4 years. Weighted HIV prevalence was 3.1% (95% CI 1.5 to 7.0). Weighted prevalence of other STIs was: 4.1% (95% CI 2.2 to 8.0) for NG, 8.8% (95% CI 5.9 to 13.0) for CT, 12.7% (95% CI 8.6 to 18.0) for TV, 13.9% (95% CI 9.9 to 19.0) for syphilis (lifetime contact) and 14.9% (95% CI 10.5 to 21.0) for MG. STI prevalence was significantly higher among OFSW for CT, TV and MG (p<0.001). In total, 43.2% of the participants had at least one HIV/STI. Factors associated with having HIV/STI were being an OFSW (OR 3.29; 95% CI 1.72 to 6.27); being registered in another Russian region (2.61 (95% CI 1.05 to 6.48)); having never been tested for HIV (2.51 (95% CI 0.98 to 6.41)) and having a low level of knowledge regarding HIV transmission (4.88 (95% CI 0.96 to 24.78)).

Conclusion

Prevalence of HIV and STIs was high among FSW in Moscow. OFSW were more vulnerable to STIs. There is an urgent need to tailor programmes for sexual and reproductive health for FSW in Russia.
Estimation of the impact of changing drug-use trend on HIV, hepatitis C and syphilis epidemics among people who use synthetic drug-only, polydrug and heroin-only during 2005–2035 in China: modelling study
Authors: Su Shu , Fairley Christopher K , Mao Limin , Medland Nicholas , Shen Mingwang , Li Yan , Zhuang Guihua , Zhang Lei
Published: March 2020

Objective

The rapid expansion of the recreational drug market becomes a global health concern. It is worrying that the bacterial and viral infection epidemics linking to drug use may worsen accordingly. This study aimed to estimate the impacts of changing trend and behaviours of using heroin only, synthetic drug (SD) only and polydrug (using SD and heroin concurrently) on HIV, hepatitis C virus (HCV) and syphilis epidemics among people who use drugs in China by 2035.

Methods

We constructed a compartmental model to estimate HIV, HCV and syphilis epidemics in the dynamic drug-use trend by three scenarios: SD-only use, heroin-only use and polydrug use based on Monte Carlo simulations. The parameters for the model were collected from a comprehensive literature search.

Results

Our model estimated that polydrug use led to the highest HIV and HCV prevalence among three drug-use patterns. The prevalences were projected to increase from 10.9% (95% CI 10.2% to 11.5%) and 61.7% (95% CI 59.4% to 62.5%) in 2005 to 19.0% (95% CI 17.3% to 20.7%) and 69.1% (95% CI 67.3% to 69.5%), respectively, in 2035 among people using polydrug. Similarly, HIV and HCV prevalence in the SD-only group were projected to increase from 0.4% (95% CI 0.3% to 0.4%) and 19.5% (95% CI 19.4% to 21.7%) to 1.8% (95% CI 1.4 to 2.1%) and 33.7% (95% CI 33.2% to 34.9%) in 2005–2035. Conversely, HIV prevalence in the heroin-only group was projected to decrease from 8.0% (95% CI 7.6% to 8.1%) to 2.2% (95% CI 2.0% to 2.3%) in 2005–2035. Syphilis prevalence was estimated to remain unchanged in all population groups within this time frame. It was projected that the proportion of HIV transmitted by sexual transmission will increase compared with unsafe injection transmission in all people who use drugs from 2005 to 2035.

Conclusion

Our modelling suggests that polydrug use is projected to lead to the highest HIV and HCV disease burden by 2035, and the proportion of HIV transmitted by sexual transmission will increase. Current HIV intervention among people using heroin seems effective according to our estimation.
Association of initial e-cigarette and other tobacco product use with subsequent cigarette smoking in adolescents: a cross-sectional, matched control study
Authors: Shahab Lion , Beard Emma , Brown Jamie
Published: March 2020

Introduction

This study assessed whether initiating e-cigarette use increases the uptake of cigarette smoking in US adolescents compared with behavioural and synthetic controls.

Methods

Data come from 78 265 adolescents in the National Youth Tobacco Survey (2014–2017) of whom 38 630 provided information about the first tobacco product they had used in 2014/15. Ever, past 30 day and established (30 day use and 100+ lifetime cigarettes) cigarette smoking was compared in adolescents who first used an e-cigarette (exposure group), a non-cigarette combustible (CT) or other non-combustible tobacco (NT) product (behavioural controls), and propensity score matched adolescents without initial e-cigarette use (synthetic controls).

Results

Relative to behavioural controls, adolescents who tried e-cigarettes first were less likely to have ever smoked cigarettes (26% vs CT (42.4%; OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.40 to 0.57), or NT initiators (52.7%; OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.26 to 0.39)), to be past 30 day (6% vs CT (11.9%; OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.62), or NT initiators (20.0%; OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.35)) or be established cigarette smokers (0.7% vs CT (3.9%; OR 0.17, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.30), or NT initiators (8.4%; OR 0.08, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.13)). E-cigarette initiators were also less likely than synthetic controls (without initial e-cigarette use) to have ever smoked cigarettes (OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.93), be past 30 day (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.55 to 0.91) or be established cigarette smokers (OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.51).

Conclusion

Less than 1% of US adolescents who use e-cigarettes first were established cigarette smokers. They were less likely to be smokers than adolescents who tried other combustible or non-combustible tobacco products first and propensity score matched adolescents without initial e-cigarette use.
Daily energy balance and eating behaviour during a 14-day cold weather expedition in Greenland
Authors: Charlot Keyne , Chapelot Didier , Colin Philippe , Bourrilhon Cyprien
Published: March 2020

We assessed energy compensation, appetite, and reward value of foods during a 14-day military expedition in Greenland realized by 12 male French soldiers, during which energy compensation was optimized by providing them with easy-to-eat palatable foods in excess. Although daily energy expenditure (estimated by accelerometry) stayed relatively constant throughout the expedition (15 ± 9 MJ·day−1), energy intake (EI; estimated by self-reported diaries) was 17% higher during the D8–D14 period compared with the D1–D7 period, leading to a neutral energy balance (EB). Body fat mass (BFM) significantly decreased (–1.0 ± 0.7 kg, p < 0.001) but not body mass (BM). Neither hunger scores (assessed by visual analog scales) nor components of the reward value of food (explicit liking (EL) and food preference) were significantly altered. However, changes in EL at D10 were positively correlated with changes in BM (r = 0.600, p < 0.05) and BFM (r = 0.680, p < 0.05) and changes in hunger in the EI of the relevant period (r = 0.743, p < 0.01 for D1–D7, r = 0.652, p < 0.05 for D8–14). This study shows that the negative EB and BM loss can be attenuated by an appropriate food supply and that subjective components of eating behaviour, such as hunger and EL, may be useful to predict the magnitude of energy compensation.

Novelty Energy intake increases during of a 14-day expedition in the cold. Energy compensation was likely facilitated by providing participants with easy-to-eat palatable and familiar foods. Hunger scores and EL for energy-dense foods were associated with high EIs and low BM changes.
Adaptive trade-offs in fish energetics and physiology: insights from adaptive differentiation among juvenile salmonids
Authors: Rosenfeld Jordan , Richards Jeff , Allen Dave , Van Leeuwen Travis , Monnet Gauthier
Published: March 2020

Juveniles of different salmonid species often co-exist along environmental gradients, making them a useful model for identifying dominant trade-off axes and their stability within a biological hierarchy (e.g., from individuals to populations to species). In this perspective, we use multivariate trade-offs among juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) as a case study to explore broader-scale patterns of trait association. Multivariate ordination identified a dominant trade-off axis between high growth, consumption, and growth efficiency versus high aerobic scope and active metabolism among individual juvenile rainbow trout and three ecologically divergent rainbow trout populations. This pattern suggests a dominant trade-off between growth and active metabolism among individuals and populations, facilitated by simple developmental controls on increased energy intake (larger digestive tract, potentially more risky foraging behavior). In contrast, the adaptive trade-off differentiating species appears to have shifted to maximizing growth and consumption (rainbow trout) versus maximizing growth efficiency (coho), based on evolved differences in foraging strategy and digestive physiology. The generality of these patterns remains uncertain, but trade-offs related to growth efficiency may be an underappreciated dimension of adaptive differentiation in fishes, and their relationship to digestive strategy and active metabolism warrants further investigation.
Influence of topography and fuels on fire refugia probability under varying fire weather conditions in forests of the Pacific Northwest, USA
Authors: Meigs Garrett W. , Dunn Christopher J. , Parks Sean A. , Krawchuk Meg A.
Published: March 2020

Fire refugia — locations that burn less severely or less frequently than surrounding areas — support late-successional and old-growth forest structure and function. This study investigates the influence of topography and fuels on the probability of forest fire refugia under varying fire weather conditions. We focused on recent large fires in Oregon and Washington, United States (n = 39 fires > 400 ha, 2004–2014). Our objectives were to (1) map fire refugia as a component of the burn severity gradient, (2) quantify the predictability of fire refugia as a function of prefire fuels and topography under moderate and high fire weather conditions, and (3) map the conditional probability of fire refugia to illustrate their spatial patterns in old-growth forests. Fire refugia exhibited higher predictability under relatively moderate fire weather conditions. Prefire live fuels were strong predictors of fire refugia, with higher refugia probability in forests with higher prefire biomass. In addition, fire refugia probability was higher in topographic settings with relatively northern aspects, steep catchment slopes, and concave topographic positions. Conditional probability maps revealed consistently higher fire refugia probability under moderate versus high fire weather scenarios. Results from this study inform conservation planning by determining late-successional forests most likely to persist as fire refugia despite increasing regional fire activity.
Winter model in the quasi-continuum limit
Authors: Aglietti U. G.
Published: March 2020

We study Winter or [Formula: see text]-shell model at finite volume (length), describing a small resonating cavity weakly-coupled to a large one. For generic values of the coupling, a resonance of the usual model corresponds, in the finite-volume case, to a compression of the spectral lines; for specific values of the coupling, a resonance corresponds instead to a degenerate or a quasi-degenerate doublet. A secular term of the form [Formula: see text] occurs in the perturbative expansion of the momenta (or of the energies) of the particle at third order in [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the coupling among the cavities and [Formula: see text] is the ratio of the length of the large cavity over the length of the small one. These secular terms, which tend to spoil the convergence of the perturbative series in the large volume case, [Formula: see text], are resummed to all orders in [Formula: see text] by means of standard multiscale methods. The resulting improved perturbative expansions provide a rather complete analytic description of resonance dynamics at finite volume.
Scalar field thin shell collapse in the Brane-world geometry
Authors: Abbas G. , Shahzad M. R.
Published: March 2020

In this paper, we studied the dynamics of thin shell in the perfect fluid composed of scalar field. To formulate the equation of motion of the shell, we used the Israel thin-shell formalism for the Brane-world black hole in the two surrounding vacuum regions (interior and exterior). In this study, we considered the potential function as a quadratic function of scalar field. The resulting dynamical equations have been analyzed numerically for both the cases, massless and massive scalar field through the effective potential and radius of the shell by considering different settings of the parameters involved. We found that there are three possibilities in this geometry, thin shell in the scalar field can expand, collapse or attain equilibrium for a while, however, in most of the cases for large value of radius, thin shell collapses to zero size. The effects of the parameters [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] (involved due to the Brane-world geometry) on the expansion and collapsing rates have been analyzed and the obtained results compared with the Schwarzschild case ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]).
Bounds on ortho-positronium and J/ψ–Υ quarkonia invisible decays and constraints on hidden braneworlds in a SO(3,1)-broken 5D bulk
Authors: Sarrazin Michaël , Stasser Coraline
Published: March 2020

While our visible Universe could be a 3-brane, some cosmological scenarios consider that other 3-branes could be hidden in the extra-dimensional bulk. Matter disappearance toward a hidden brane is mainly discussed for neutron — both theoretically and experimentally — but other particles are poorly studied. Recent experimental results offer new constraints on positronium or quarkonium invisible decays. In the present work, we show how a two-brane Universe allows for such invisible decays. We put this result in the context of the recent experimental data to constrain the brane energy scale [Formula: see text] (or effective brane thickness [Formula: see text]) and the interbrane distance [Formula: see text] for a relevant two-brane Universe in a [Formula: see text]-broken 5D bulk. Quarkonia present poor bounds compared to the results deduced from previous passing-through-walls-neutron experiments for which scenarios with [Formula: see text] GeV and [Formula: see text] fm are excluded. By contrast, positronium experiments can compete with neutron experiments depending on the matter content of each brane. To constrain scenarios up to the Planck scale, positronium experiments in vacuum cavity should be able to reach [Formula: see text].
Effect of group behavior on pedestrian choice for vertical walking facilities
Authors: Li Yongxing , Wu Wenjing , Guo Xin , Lin Yu , Wang Shiguang
Published: March 2020

Analyzing the characteristics of group behavior, leader-follower model which adopts dynamic group floor field to represent the attraction in a group is used to model pedestrian group behavior. Pedestrian choice model of vertical walking facilities based on support vector machine (SVM) with the effect of group behavior is established. Fusing pedestrian choice model of vertical walking facilities and leader-follower model into a cellular automata (CA)-based pedestrian simulation model, we simulate the pedestrian choice process for vertical walking facilities with the effect of group behavior. The simulation results indicate that with the effect of group behavior, the choice results of some pedestrians are changed, and the efficiency of pedestrians passing is reduced. To some extent, the efficiency of pedestrians passing is improved with the mean distribution of luggage in each group.
OPTIMUM FORCE SYSTEM FOR EN-MASSE RETRACTION OF SIX MAXILLARY ANTERIOR TEETH IN LABIAL ORTHODONTICS
Authors: THOTE ABHISHEK M. , UDDANWADIKER RASHMI V. , SHARMA KRISHNA , SHRIVASTAVA SUNITA , REDDY VENKATESWAR
Published: March 2020

The orthodontists generally do not recommend application of force system above the archwire level owing to additional attachments and patient’s discomfort. Hence, the present research study focusses on application of retraction force system at the archwire level. The objective of this study is to specify an optimum combination of archwire and bracket slot size for en-masse (simultaneous) parallel retraction of six maxillary anterior teeth in labial orthodontics (LaO). In this research study, the concept (theoretical) model has been developed based on simple principles of mechanics to estimate the torque generated by different sizes of archwire in bracket slots. Based on torque value, retraction force developed by each combination of archwire and slot size was determined and compared with required retraction force of 150 gram-force on each side of sagittal plane. For combination of [Formula: see text] inch stalinless steel SS archwire and 0.022 inch SS bracket slot, magnitude of computed retraction force matched closely with aforementioned required force than other combinations and hence, it is recommended in the present research study. The validation of selected combination of archwire and bracket slot size was done successfully by in vivo (clinical) experimentation on three patients. Thus, it proves that the aforementioned combination of archwire and bracket slot size is more suitable than others for retraction force system applied at archwire level.
BIOMECHANICAL STUDY OF MUSCLE MOVEMENT IN THE PROCESS OF FOOTBALL TECHNICAL TRAINING
Authors: YUE YIBO , YANG YUCHENG
Published: March 2020

Study of biomechanical characteristics of muscles can provide an effective reference for the training of athletes. Football is a vigorous sport, and physical collision and damage are frequent during competition and training. In order to improve football skills and prevent sports injuries, 10 athletes from Sport College of Shaoyang University, Hunan, China, were tested for isokinetic muscle strength. The moment of flexors and extensors was measured when the flexion and extension angular speed of hip and knee joints was 50∘, 100∘, 150∘, 200∘, 250∘, 300∘, 350∘ and 400∘, respectively. Moreover the characteristics of force moment of flexor and extensor were verified by testing the electromyographic signal of the flexor and extensor of the hip and knee joints with isokinetic concentric exercise using piezoelectric sensor. The results showed that the electromyographic signal of the flexor and extensor of the hip and knee joint decreased with the increase of angular velocity of isokinetic concentric exercise; the electromyographic signal obtained by the piezoelectric sensor verified the law that the output of the flexor and extensor decreased, the extensor of the hip joint had incoordination during rapid movement, and the output of the extensor was always larger than that of the flexor no matter how fast the extensor moved.
Fast Construction of Discrete Geodesic Graphs
Authors: Adikusuma Yohanes Yudhi , Fang Zheng , He Ying
Published: March 2020

This paper develops a new method for constructing Discrete Geodesic Graph (DGG)—an undirected, sparse graph for computing discrete geodesic distances and paths on triangle meshes. Based on a novel accuracy aware window propagation scheme, our method is able to compute the graph edges in a direct and efficient manner. Given a triangle mesh with
n
vertices and a user-specified accuracy parameter ɛ, our method produces a DGG with
O
(
n
\√ɛ) edges in empirical
O
(
n
\ɛ
0.75
log 1\ɛ) time, which greatly improves the time complexity
O
(
n
\ɛ log 1\ɛ) of the existing method. Extensive evaluation on a large-scale 3D shape repository shows that our method is efficient and can produce high-quality geodesic distances with predictable accuracy and guaranteed true distance metric. In particular, our method has a great advantage over the existing approximate methods on meshes with high degree of anisotropy. The source code is available at https://github.com/GeodesicGraph.
A Smoothness Energy without Boundary Distortion for Curved Surfaces
Authors: Stein Oded , Jacobson Alec , Wardetzky Max , Grinspun Eitan
Published: March 2020

Current quadratic smoothness energies for curved surfaces either exhibit distortions near the boundary due to zero Neumann boundary conditions or they do not correctly account for intrinsic curvature, which leads to unnatural-looking behavior away from the boundary. This leads to an unfortunate trade-off: One can either have natural behavior in the interior or a distortion-free result at the boundary, but not both. We introduce a generalized Hessian energy for curved surfaces, expressed in terms of the covariant one-form Dirichlet energy, the Gaussian curvature, and the exterior derivative. Energy minimizers solve the Laplace-Beltrami biharmonic equation, correctly accounting for intrinsic curvature, leading to natural-looking isolines. On the boundary, minimizers are as-linear-as-possible, which reduces the distortion of isolines at the boundary. We discretize the covariant one-form Dirichlet energy using Crouzeix-Raviart finite elements, arriving at a discrete formulation of the Hessian energy for applications on curved surfaces. We observe convergence of the discretization in our experiments.
FingerDraw
Authors: Wu Dan , Gao Ruiyang , Zeng Youwei , Liu Jinyi , Wang Leye , Gu Tao , Zhang Daqing
Published: March 2020

This paper explores the possibility of tracking finger drawings in the air leveraging WiFi signals from commodity devices. Prior solutions typically require user to hold a wireless transmitter, or need proprietary wireless hardware. They can only recognize a small set of pre-defined hand gestures. This paper introduces FingerDraw, the first sub-wavelength level finger motion tracking system using commodity WiFi devices, without attaching any sensor to finger. FingerDraw can reconstruct finger drawing trajectory such as digits, alphabets, and symbols with the setting of one WiFi transmitter and two WiFi receivers. It uses a two-antenna receiver to sense the sub-wavelength scale displacement of finger motion in each direction. The theoretical underpinning of FingerDraw is our proposed CSI-quotient model, which uses the channel quotient between two antennas of the receiver to cancel out the noise in CSI amplitude and the random offsets in CSI phase, and quantifies the correlation between CSI value dynamics and object displacement. This channel quotient is sensitive to and enables us to detect small changes in In-phase and Quadrature parts of channel state information due to finger movement. Our experimental results show that the overall median tracking accuracy is 1.27 cm, and the recognition of drawing ten digits in the air achieves an average accuracy of over 93.0%.
HeadCross
Authors: Yan Yukang , Shi Yingtian , Yu Chun , Shi Yuanchun
Published: March 2020

We propose HeadCross, a head-based interaction method to select targets on VR and AR head-mounted displays (HMD). Using HeadCross, users control the pointer with head movements and to select a target, users move the pointer into the target and then back across the target boundary. In this way, users can select targets without using their hands, which is helpful when users' hands are occupied by other tasks, e.g., while holding the handrails. However, a major challenge for head-based methods is the false positive problems: unintentional head movements may be incorrectly recognized as HeadCross gestures and trigger the selections. To address this issue, we first conduct a user study (Study 1) to observe user behavior while performing HeadCross and identify the behavior differences between HeadCross and other types of head movements. Based on the results, we discuss design implications, extract useful features, and develop the recognition algorithm for HeadCross. To evaluate HeadCross, we conduct two user studies. In Study 2, we compared HeadCross to the dwell-based selection method, button-press method, and mid-air gesture-based method. Two typical target selection tasks (text entry and menu selection) are tested on both VR and AR interfaces. Results showed that compared to the dwell-based method, HeadCross improved the sense of control; and compared to two hand-based methods, HeadCross improved the interaction efficiency and reduced fatigue. In Study 3, we compared HeadCross to three alternative designs of head-only selection methods. Results show that HeadCross was perceived to be significantly faster than the alternatives. We conclude with the discussion on the interaction potential and limitations of HeadCross.
Designing and Evaluating Hand-to-Hand Gestures with Dual Commodity Wrist-Worn Devices
Authors: Lu Yiqin , Huang Bingjian , Yu Chun , Liu Guahong , Shi Yuanchun
Published: March 2020

Hand gestures provide a natural and easy-to-use way to input commands. However, few works have studied the design space of bimanual hand gestures or attempted to infer gestures that involve devices on both hands. We explore the design space of hand-to-hand gestures, a group of gestures that are performed by touching one hand with the other hand. Hand-to-hand gestures are easy to perform and provide haptic feedback on both hands. Moreover, hand-to-hand gestures generate simultaneous vibration on two hands that can be sensed by dual off-the-shelf wrist-worn devices. In this work, we derive a hand-to-hand gesture vocabulary with subjective ratings from users and select gesture sets for real-life scenarios. We also take advantage of devices on both wrists to demonstrate their gesture-sensing capability. Our results show that the recognition accuracy for fourteen gestures is 94.6% when the user is stationary, and the accuracy for five gestures is 98.4% or 96.3% when the user is walking or running, respectively. This is significantly more accurate than a single device worn on either wrist. Our further evaluation also validates that users can easily remember hand-to-hand gestures and use our technique to invoke commands in real-life contexts.
UbiquiTouch
Authors: Waghmare Anandghan , Xue Qiuyue , Zhang Dingtian , Zhao Yuhui , Mittal Shivan , Arora Nivedita , Byrne Ceara , Starner Thad , Abowd Gregory D
Published: March 2020

We present UbiquiTouch, an ultra low power wireless touch interface. With an average power consumption of 30.91μW, UbiquiTouch can run on energy harvested from ambient light. It achieves this performance through low power touch sensing and passive communication to a nearby smartphone using ambient FM backscatter. This approach allows UbiquiTouch to be deployed in mobile situations both in indoor and outdoor locations, without the need for any additional infrastructure for operation. To demonstrate the potential of this technology, we evaluate it in several different and realistic scenarios. Finally, we address the future application space for this technology.
Calm Commute
Authors: Balters Stephanie , Mauriello Matthew L. , Park So Yeon , Landay James A. , Paredes Pablo E.
Published: March 2020

Commutes provide an opportune time and space for interventions that mitigate stress-particularly stress accumulated during the workday. In this study, we test the efficacy and safety of haptic guided slow breathing interventions of short duration while driving. We also present design and experimental implications for evolving these interventions from prior simulator to moving vehicle scenarios. We ran a controlled study (N=24) testing a haptic guided breathing system in a closed circuit under normal and stressful driving conditions. Results show the intervention to be successful in both user adoption and system effectiveness with an 82% rate of engagement in intervention and clear reduction of breathing rate and physiological arousal, with no effect on driving safety and minimal effect on performance. The haptic intervention received positive acceptance from the participants: all indicated a willingness to engage with the intervention in the future and all rated the intervention as safe for traffic applications. The results of this study encourage further investigations exploring the use of the intervention on public roads and monitoring for longitudinal health benefits.
Auto-Key
Authors: Wu Yuezhong , Lin Qi , Jia Hong , Hassan Mahbub , Hu Wen
Published: March 2020

With the rising popularity of wearable devices and sensors, shielding Body Area Networks (BANs) from eavesdroppers has become an urgent problem to solve. Since the conventional key distribution systems are too onerous for resource-constrained wearable sensors, researchers are pursuing a new light-weight key generation approach that enables two wearable devices attached at different locations of the user body to generate an identical key simultaneously simply from their independent observations of user gait. A key challenge for such gait-based key generation lies in matching the bits of the keys generated by independent devices despite the noisy sensor measurements, especially when the devices are located far apart on the body affected by different sources of noise. To address the challenge, we propose a novel machine learning framework, called Auto-Key, that uses an autoencoder to help one device predict the gait observations at another distant device attached to the same body and generate the key using the predicted sensor data. We prototype the proposed method and evaluate it using a public acceleration dataset collected from 15 real subjects wearing accelerometers attached to seven different locations of the body. Our results show that, on average, Auto-Key increases the matching rate of independently generated bits from two sensors attached at two different locations by 16.5%, which speeds up the successful generation of fully-matching symmetric keys at independent wearable sensors by a factor of 1.9. In the proposed framework, a subject-specific model can be trained with 50% fewer data and 88% less time by retraining a pre-trained general model when compared to training a new model from scratch. The reduced training complexity makes Auto-Key more practical for edge computing, which provides better privacy protection to biometric and behavioral data compared to cloud-based training.
Endophasia
Authors: Zhang Yongzhao , Huang Wei-Hsiang , Yang Chih-Yun , Wang Wen-Ping , Chen Yi-Chao , You Chuang-Wen , Huang Da-Yuan , Xue Guangtao , Yu Jiadi
Published: March 2020

Using silent speech to issue commands has received growing attention, as users can utilize existing command sets from voice-based interfaces without attracting other people's attention. Such interaction maintains privacy and social acceptance from others. However, current solutions for recognizing silent speech mainly rely on camera-based data or attaching sensors to the throat. Camera-based solutions require 5.82 times larger power consumption or have potential privacy issues; attaching sensors to the throat is not practical for commercial-off-the-shell (COTS) devices because additional sensors are required. In this paper, we propose a sensing technique that only needs a microphone and a speaker on COTS devices, which not only consumes little power but also has fewer privacy concerns. By deconstructing the received acoustic signals, a 2D motion profile can be generated. We propose a classifier based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) to identify the corresponding silent command from the 2D motion profiles. The proposed classifier can adapt to users and is robust when tested by environmental factors. Our evaluation shows that the system achieves 92.5% accuracy in classifying 20 commands.
Interruptibility for In-vehicle Multitasking
Authors: Kim Auk , Park Jung-Mi , Lee Uichin
Published: March 2020

As a countermeasure to visual-manual distractions, auditory-verbal (voice) interfaces are becoming increasingly popular for in-vehicle systems. This opens up new opportunities for drivers to receive proactive personalized services from various service domains. However, prior studies warned that such interactions can cause cognitive distractions due to the nature of concurrent multitasking with a limited amount of cognitive resources. In this study, we examined (1) how the varying demands of proactive voice tasks under diverse driving situations impact driver interruptibility, and (2) how drivers adapt their concurrent multitasking of driving and proactive voice tasks, and how the adaptive behaviors are related to driver interruptibility. Our quantitative and qualitative analyses showed that in addition to the driving-task demand, the voice-task demand and adaptive behaviors are also significantly related to driver interruptibility. Additionally, we discuss how our findings can be used to design and realize three types of flow-control mechanisms for voice interactions that can improve driver interruptibility.
Silver Tape
Authors: Cheng Tingyu , Narumi Koya , Do Youngwook , Zhang Yang , Ta Tung D. , Sasatani Takuya , Markvicka Eric , Kawahara Yoshihiro , Yao Lining , Abowd Gregory D. , Oh HyunJoo
Published: March 2020

We propose Silver Tape, a simple yet novel fabrication technique to transfer inkjet-printed silver traces from paper onto versatile substrates, without time-/space- consuming processes such as screen printing or heat sintering. This allows users to quickly implement silver traces with a variety of properties by exploiting a wide range of substrates. For instance, high flexibility can be achieved with Scotch tape, high transparency with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), heat durability with Kapton polyimide tape, water solubility with 3M water-soluble tape, and beyond. Many of these properties are not achievable with conventional substrates that are used for inkjet-printing conductive traces. Specifically, our technique leverages the commonly undesired low adhesion property of the inkjet printing films and repurposes these films as temporary transfer media. We describe our fabrication methods with a library of materials we can utilize, evaluate the mechanical and electrical properties of the transferred traces, and conclude with several demonstrative applications. We believe Silver Tape enriches novel interactions for the ubiquitous computing domain, by enabling digital fabrication of electronics on versatile materials, surfaces, and shapes.
International Symposium on Wen-Tsun Wu's Academic Thought and Mathematics Mechanization
Authors: Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science
Published: March 2020

During May 12-17, 2019, shall we celebrate the late famous mathematician Wen-Tsun Wu's centenary birthday. Professor Wen-Tsun Wu is one of the most internationally influential mathematicians in China, who brought far-reaching influence on both mathematics and computer research by his great contributions to the field of topology and the opening of the new area of Mathematics Mechanization. His research includes algebraic topology, di.erential topology, mathematics mechanization, algebraic geometry, game theory as well as the history of mathematics. His work has been regarded as among the greatest classical influential results in topology. In late 1970s, he opened the area of mathematics mechanization by the so-called "Wu method" which automatically proves geometric theorems using computers and was taken as the pioneer work in automatic reasoning. The symposium focuses on his achievements in topology, mathematics mechanization as well as the history of mathematics, and casts light on their future prospects and potential applications.

Specific topics for the symposium include but are not limited to:

•Algebraic topology

•Automated reasoning

•Computational algebraic geometry and optimization

•Computational geometry and topology

•Computational number theory

•Coding theory and cryptology

•Di.erential and di.erence algebras

•History of mathematics

•Polynomial equation solving

•Symbolic or symbolic-numeric computation

•Applications of mathematical mechanization
Anti-CRISPRs: Protein Inhibitors of CRISPR-Cas Systems
Authors: Davidson Alan R. , Lu Wang-Ting , Stanley Sabrina Y. , Wang Jingrui , Mejdani Marios , Trost Chantel N. , Hicks Brian T. , Lee Jooyoung , Sontheimer Erik J.
Published: March 2020

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) together with their accompanying cas (CRISPR-associated) genes are found frequently in bacteria and archaea, serving to defend against invading foreign DNA, such as viral genomes. CRISPR-Cas systems provide a uniquely powerful defense because they can adapt to newly encountered genomes. The adaptive ability of these systems has been exploited, leading to their development as highly effective tools for genome editing. The widespread use of CRISPR-Cas systems has driven a need for methods to control their activity. This review focuses on anti-CRISPRs (Acrs), proteins produced by viruses and other mobile genetic elements that can potently inhibit CRISPR-Cas systems. Discovered in 2013, there are now 54 distinct families of these proteins described, and the functional mechanisms of more than a dozen have been characterized in molecular detail. The investigation of Acrs is leading to a variety of practical applications and is providing exciting new insight into the biology of CRISPR-Cas systems.
In Situ Measurement of Al3+ Concentration Profile during Al Anodization using Digital Holographic Interferometric Microscope
Authors: Miki Akinori , Nishikawa Kei , Ozawa Takahiro , Matsushima Hisayoshi , Ueda Mikito
Published: March 2020

In this study, the ionic mass transfer phenomenon of Al3+ in a sulfuric acid (pH 1) accompanying the anodization of an Al electrode was investigated using a digital holographic interferometric microscope. The anodization of an Al electrode is very popular technique to functionalize Al plates however, the anodization mechanism in the initial stage has not yet been understood, especially for the ionic mass transfer phenomenon. The investigation revealed the refractive index profile corresponding to the Al3+ concentration profile in the electrolyte. The Al3+ concentration on the electrode surface increased because of the Al dissolution in the initial stage of the anodization, and the thickness of the diffusion layer was proportional to the square root of time. The Al3+ surface concentration started to decrease after approximately 20 s probably because the Al dissolution reaction was hindered, and the Al oxide layer formation progressed. Additionally, ex situ scanning electron microscopy observation showed pores on the electrode surface at 80 s, which indicated that the pore formation was initiated from approximately 40 s with the progress of the oxide film formation. This research must be a steppingstone in order to understand the mechanism of anodization of Al.
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide-induced PAC1 receptor internalization and recruitment of MEK/ERK signaling enhance excitability of dentate gyrus granule cells
Authors: Johnson Gregory C. , Parsons Rodney L. , May Victor , Hammack Sayamwong E.
Published: March 2020

Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP; ADCYAP1) is a pleiotropic neuropeptide widely distributed in both the peripheral and central nervous systems. PACAP and its specific cognate PAC1 receptor ( ADCYAP1R1) play critical roles in the homeostatic maintenance of multiple physiological and behavioral systems. Notably, maladaptations in the PACAPergic system have been associated with several psychopathologies related to fear and anxiety. PAC1 receptor transcripts are highly expressed in granule cells of the dentate gyrus (DG). Here, we examined the direct effects of PACAP on DG granule cells in brain slices using whole cell patch recordings in current clamp mode. PACAP significantly increased the intrinsic excitability of DG granule cells via PAC1 receptor activation. This increased excitability was not mediated by adenylyl cyclase/cAMP or phospholipase C/PKC activation, but instead via activation of an extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway initiated through PAC1 receptor endocytosis/endosomal signaling. PACAP failed to increase excitability in DG granule cells pretreated with the persistent sodium current blocker riluzole, suggesting that the observed PACAP effects required this component of the inward sodium current.
Neurochemical balance and inhibition at the subacute stage after stroke
Authors: Cirillo John , Mooney Ronan A. , Ackerley Suzanne J. , Barber P. Alan , Borges Victor M. , Clarkson Andrew N. , Mangold Christine , Ren April , Smith Marie-Claire , Stinear Cathy M. , Byblow Winston D.
Published: March 2020

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy indicated higher excitation-inhibition ratios within motor cortex during subacute recovery than age-similar healthy controls. Measures obtained from adaptive threshold hunting paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation indicated greater tonic inhibition in patients compared with controls. Therapeutic approaches that aim to normalize motor cortex inhibition during the subacute stage of recovery should be explored.
Stimulus-frequency-dependent dominance of sound localization cues across the cochleotopic map of the inferior colliculus
Authors: Dorkoski Ryan , Hancock Kenneth E. , Whaley Gareth A. , Wohl Timothy R. , Stroud Noelle C. , Day Mitchell L.
Published: March 2020

A “division of labor” has previously been assumed in which the directions of low- and high-frequency sound sources are thought to be encoded by neurons preferentially sensitive to low and high frequencies, respectively. Contrary to this, we found that auditory midbrain neurons encode the directions of both low- and high-frequency sounds regardless of their preferred frequencies. Neural responses were shaped by different sound localization cues depending on the stimulus spectrum—even within the same neuron.
The Impacts of Fairness Concern and Different Business Objectives on the Complexity of Dual-Channel Value Chains
Authors: Li Qiuxiang , Zhang Yuhao , Huang Yimin
Published: March 2020

This paper considers a Stackelberg game model in a dual-channel supply chain, which is composed of a manufacturer and a retailer. The manufacturer and retailer consider fairness concern in the market competition, and the manufacturer takes market share and profit as his/her business objectives. The entropy complexity and dynamic characteristic of the dual-channel system are analyzed through mathematical analysis and numerical simulation, such as local stability, bifurcation, entropy, and chaos. The results show that, with the increase of price adjustment speed, the dual-channel supply chain is more complex and falls into a chaotic state in which system entropy increases; the stability of the dual-channel supply chain will be robust with the increase of weight of market share and weaken with the increase of the fairness concern level of the manufacturer and retailer. The high level of fairness concern of the manufacturer and retailer is always disadvantageous to the leading manufacturer but not always bad for the follower retailer. The performance of the dual-channel supply chain is improved with a high level of the manufacturer’s fairness concern and reduced with a high level of the retailer’s fairness concern. We also find the retailer will gain more profits in the chaotic state than the stable state in the Stackelberg game model. The variable feedback control method is applied to control the chaos of the dual-channel supply chain, and choosing appropriate control parameters can make the dual-channel supply chain system return to the stable state from the chaotic state, or delay the system to enter the bifurcation state. The research results can provide a guideline for enterprise decision-making.
Experimental Study on FRP‐to‐Concrete Bonded Joints with FRP Sheet Anchor System
Authors: Li Weiwen , Liu Wei , Yang Xu , Xing Feng
Published: March 2020

Fiber‐reinforced polymer (FRP) has been widely used for retrofitting and strengthening concrete structures over the past two decades. Because concrete members retrofitted by externally bonded FRP sheets can fail prematurely in debonding because of the fracture between FRP and concrete, FRP tensile strength cannot be fully utilized in engineering practices. Numerous useful investigations have been conducted to develop effective anchor systems to restrict FRP debonding. Thus, an FRP sheet‐anchor system was developed and observed to be one of the most effective and convenient anchor systems. The FRP sheet‐anchor system is applied to reinforced concrete beams strengthened with U‐wrapping and side‐bonded FRP configurations in few design guidelines. However, only a few investigations have focused on the failure mechanism of the FRP sheet‐anchor system in the existing literature. Therefore, the main objective of this study is analyzing the effect of the carbon FRP (CFRP) sheet‐anchor system on the bonding behavior of the CFRP‐concrete interface, particularly the effect of the width and stiffness of the CFRP sheet‐anchor system. In addition, the anchor‐strengthened stage is defined by the load‐slip response, which is different from that of specimens without the CFRP sheet‐anchor system. Based on the experimental results, three linear stage models of the bond‐slip constitutive relationship are proposed in this study.
Influence of Lorentz Invariation Violation on Arbitrary Spin Fermion Tunneling Radiation in the Vaidya-Bonner Space-Time
Authors: Zhang Jie , Liu Zhie , Sha Bei , Tan Xia , Liu Yuzhen , Yang Shuzheng
Published: March 2020

In the space-time of the nonstationary spherical symmetry Vaidya-Bonner black hole, an accurate modification of Hawking tunneling radiation for fermions with arbitrary spin is researched. Considering a light dispersion relationship derived from string theory, quantum gravitational theory, and the Rarita-Schwinger equation in the nonstationary spherical symmetry space-time, we derive an accurately modified dynamic equation for fermions with arbitrary spin. By solving the equation, the modified tunneling rate of fermions with arbitrary spin, Hawking temperature, and entropy at the event horizon of the Vaidya-Bonner black hole are presented. We find that the Hawking temperature will increase, but the entropy will decrease compared with the case without the Lorentz Invariation Violation modification.