bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Auditory Effects of Acoustic Noise From 3‐T Brain MRI in Neonates With Hearing Protection
Authors: Jin Chao , Zhao Huifang , Li Huan , Chen Peiyao , Tian Cong , Li Xianjun , Wang Miaomiao , Liu Congcong , Sun Qinli , Zheng Jie , Li Baiya , Zhou Xihui , Salvi Richard , Yang Jian
Published: May 2024

Background

Neonates with immature auditory function (eg, weak/absent middle ear muscle reflex) could conceivably be vulnerable to noise‐induced hearing loss; however, it is unclear if neonates show evidence of hearing loss following MRI acoustic noise exposure.

Purpose

To explore the auditory effects of MRI acoustic noise in neonates.

Study Type

Prospective.

Subjects

Two independent cohorts of neonates (N = 19 and N = 18; mean gestational‐age, 38.75 ± 2.18 and 39.01 ± 1.83 weeks).

Field Strength/Sequence

T1‐weighted three‐dimensional gradient‐echo sequence, T2‐weighted fast spin‐echo sequence, single‐shot echo‐planar imaging‐based diffusion‐tensor imaging, single‐shot echo‐planar imaging‐based diffusion‐kurtosis imaging and T2‐weighted fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery sequence at 3.0 T.

Assessment

All neonates wore ear protection during scan protocols lasted ~40 minutes. Equivalent sound pressure levels (SPLs) were measured for both cohorts. In cohort1, left‐ and right‐ear auditory brainstem response (ABR) was measured before (baseline) and after (follow‐up) MRI, included assessment of ABR threshold, wave I, III and V latencies and interpeak interval to determine the functional status of auditory nerve and brainstem. In cohort2, baseline and follow‐up left‐ and right‐ear distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) amplitudes were assessed at 1.2 to 7.0 kHz to determine cochlear function.

Statistical Test

Wilcoxon signed‐rank or paired t‐tests with Bonferroni's correction were used to compare the differences between baseline and follow‐up ABR and DPOAE measures.

Results

Equivalent SPLs ranged from 103.5 to 113.6 dBA. No significant differences between baseline and follow‐up were detected in left‐ or right‐ear ABR measures (P > 0.999, Bonferroni corrected) in cohort1, or in DPOAE levels at 1.2 to 7.0 kHz in cohort2 (all P > 0.999 Bonferroni corrected except for left‐ear levels at 3.5 and 7.0 kHz with corrected P = 0.138 and P = 0.533).

Data Conclusion

A single 40‐minute 3‐T MRI with equivalent SPLs of 103.5–113.6 dBA did not result in significant transient disruption of auditory function, as measured by ABR and DPOAE, in neonates with adequate hearing protection.

Evidence Level

2.

Technical Efficacy

Stage 5.
Customized 3D‐printed heterogeneous porous titanium scaffolds for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Fan Shiqi , Li Shilei , Wu Yunhong , Lei Haoyuan , Qin Yuxiang , Fan Hongyuan , Lin Yuanhua , Zhou Changchun
Published: May 2024

Bone defect is a common clinical disease. Due to the uncertainty of trauma or infection areas, customized size features are often required for bone substitutes. By inspiration of the natural bone structure, this study designs porous scaffolds with a biomimetic design perspective by using different inner and outer pore units. The outer pore units adopt body‐centered cubic (BCC) structure to simulate the weight‐bearing function of human cortical bone, while inner pore units using I‐Wrapped Package structure, a kind of three periods minimum surface, to obtain a good permeability and simulates the inner layer of cancellous bone. To further regulate the overall modulus of the scaffold within the range of natural bone modulus in the human body, the scaffold was designed to axial gradient structure. Compression experiments were conducted, and the results indicated that when the volume fraction linearly increased from 20% to 50%, the Young's modulus was close to the cortical bone modulus in the human body. In vitro cell experiments further proved that osteoblasts have good cellular activity and spreading morphology on the surface of this scaffold. The customized 3D‐printed heterogeneous porous titanium scaffold has great application potential in bone tissue engineering.
Sex Differences in Dystonia
Authors: Kilic‐Berkmen Gamze , Scorr Laura M. , McKay Lucas , Thayani Mehreen , Donsante Yuping , Perlmutter Joel S. , Norris Scott A. , Wright Laura , Klein Christine , Feuerstein Jeanne S. , Mahajan Abhimanyu , Wagle‐Shukla Aparna , Malaty Irene , LeDoux Mark S. , Pirio‐Richardson Sarah , Pantelyat Alexander , Moukheiber Emile , Frank Samuel , Ondo William , Saunders‐Pullman Rachel , Lohmann Katja , Hess Ellen J. , Jinnah H.A.
Published: May 2024

Background

Prior studies have indicated that female individuals outnumber male individuals for certain types of dystonia. Few studies have addressed factors impacting these sex differences or their potential biological mechanisms.

Objectives

To evaluate factors underlying sex differences in the dystonias and explore potential mechanisms for these differences.

Methods

Data from individuals with various types of dystonia were analyzed in relation to sex. Data came from two different sources. One source was the Dystonia Coalition database, which contains predominantly idiopathic adult‐onset focal and segmental dystonias. The second source was the MDSGene database, which contains predominantly early‐onset monogenic dystonias.

Results

The 3222 individuals from the Dystonia Coalition included 71% female participants and 29% male participants for an overall female‐to‐male ratio (F:M) of 2.4. This ratio varied according to body region affected and whether dystonia was task‐specific. The female predominance was age‐dependent. Sex did not have a significant impact on co‐existing tremor, geste antagoniste, depression or anxiety. In the 1377 individuals from the MDSGene database, female participants outnumbered male participants for some genes (GNAL, GCH1, and ANO3) but not for other genes (THAP1, TH, and TOR1A).

Conclusions

These results are in keeping with prior studies that have indicated female individuals outnumber male individuals for both adult‐onset idiopathic and early onset monogenic dystonias. These results extend prior observations by revealing that sex ratios depend on the type of dystonia, age, and underlying genetics.
Does a second‐leg home advantage exist in Asian football tournaments? A retrospective study
Authors: Liu Yang , Shi Yan
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this paper is to examine retrospectively the existence of a second‐leg home advantage effect in the knockout stages of Asian club tournaments. We analysed a total of 384 two‐legged knockout matches in the Asia Football Confederation (AFC) Champions League before the introduction of the inter‐annual format and COVID‐19. It was found that there is no significant second‐leg home advantage in the AFC Champions League in terms of promotion and goals or in any of the knockout stages.
Listen and Learn: Six Higher Ed Marketing Podcasts to Queue Up This Spring
Authors: Talarico Donna
Published: May 2024

Podcasts for professional development certainly aren’t new, but there's been an incredible surge of new options within the higher education space, from policy and PR to student support and faculty development.
The Convergence of Two Passions: Engineering and Education, a conversation with Dr. Gretchen Dietz
Authors: Allarakhia Hawa
Published: May 2024

Dr. Gretchen Dietz is Assistant Professor of Teaching in Civil Engineering, Technology, and Construction Management at the William States Lee College of Engineering at the University of North Carolina–Charlotte. Dr. Dietz discussed her journey of combining her passions for engineering and education and how that led her toward higher education for Women in Higher Education.
Enhancing parental understanding of congenital heart disease through personalized prenatal counseling with 3D printed hearts
Authors: Galliotto Francesco , Veronese Paola , Cerutti Alessia , Zemin Filippo , Bertelli Francesco , Di Salvo Giovanni , Guariento Alvise , Vida Vladimiro L.
Published: May 2024

Objectives

In addition to a correct prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease (CHD), comprehensive parental counseling is crucial to ensure that parents are well‐informed about the condition of the fetus. This study aims to investigate whether there is a significant difference in the information acquired by parents through traditional counseling, utilizing 2‐dimensional (2D) illustrations and images, compared to an advanced approach utilizing personalized three‐dimensional (3D) printed models of the fetal heart developed from 3D ultrasound imaging.

Methods

This study, designed as a pilot randomized control trial, enrolled pregnant women with gestational ages greater than 18 weeks, whose fetuses were diagnosed with CHD and referred to our center between November, 2020 and June, 2021. Two groups of patients were included in the study. The first group received standard medical counseling with 2D images and illustrations, while the second group underwent advanced counseling with 3D‐printed patient‐specific heart models. Both groups were then required to complete the same survey in which the knowledge of the CHD was investigated. The 3D models were created from 3D ultrasound imaging and printed using resin materials in both 1:1 and 5:1 scale.

Results

A comparison of the scores obtained from the two groups revealed that 3D visualization of the fetus's heart has the potential to increase parental knowledge about CHD and the required surgical procedures. Furthermore, all couples expressed interest in receiving a 1:1 scale model of their baby's heart.

Conclusion

Personalized prenatal counseling with 3D‐ultrasound‐based heart models positively impacts parents' understanding of CHD. The use of 3D models provides a more comprehensive and accessible representation of the condition, contributing to an increased knowledge gain, and potentially helping to support informed decisions regarding their child's care.
Maintaining and steering a formation in an unknown dynamic environment via a consistent distributed dynamic map
Authors: Guo Miao , Jayawardhana Bayu , Lee Jin Gyu , Shim Hyungbo
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we study the problem of maintaining a stable mobile robot formation, steering and localizing all robots in an unknown dynamic environment consisting of multiple periodically moving objects, without the presence of a global positioning system or a robot tracking system. We propose a distributed observer such that each agent can estimate global positions of all mobile robots and that of moving landmarks in an unknown environment. By combining the proposed distributed observer with the distributed formation control and centroid tracking control law, we show that the formation shape can be maintained by utilizing its available relative measurements and the estimated relative measurements to its neighbors, and the group's centroid follows a desired trajectory. We present stability analysis of the closed‐loop system. Finally, we validate the proposed methods in a simulation result where a group of mobile robots can maintain a robust formation and maneuver in an unknown dynamic environment.
Data‐driven adaptive optimal control for discrete‐time periodic systems
Authors: Wu Ai‐Guo , Meng Yuan
Published: May 2024

In this paper, a problem of data‐driven optimal control is studied for discrete‐time periodic systems with unknown system matrices and input matrices. For this problem, a value iteration‐based adaptive dynamic programming algorithm is proposed to obtain the suboptimal controller. The core of the algorithm proposed in this paper is to obtain an approximation of the unique positive definite solution of the algebraic Riccati equation and the optimal feedback gain matrix by using the collected real‐time data of the system states and control inputs. Without an initial stabilizing feedback gain, the proposed algorithm could be activated by an arbitrary bounded control input. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated by two examples.
Design of randomized clinical trials with a binary endpoint: Conditional versus unconditional analyses of a two‐by‐two table
Authors: Korn Edward L. , Freidlin Boris
Published: May 2024

When designing a randomized clinical trial to compare two treatments, the sample size required to have desired power with a specified type 1 error depends on the hypothesis testing procedure. With a binary endpoint (e.g., response), the trial results can be displayed in a 2 × 2 table. If one does the analysis conditional on the number of positive responses, then using Fisher's exact test has an actual type 1 error less than or equal to the specified nominal type 1 error. Alternatively, one can use one of many unconditional “exact” tests that also preserve the type 1 error and are less conservative than Fisher's exact test. In particular, the unconditional test of Boschloo is always at least as powerful as Fisher's exact test, leading to smaller required sample sizes for clinical trials. However, many statisticians have argued over the years that the conditional analysis with Fisher's exact test is the only appropriate procedure. Since having smaller clinical trials is an extremely important consideration, we review the general arguments given for the conditional analysis of a 2 × 2 table in the context of a randomized clinical trial. We find the arguments not relevant in this context, or, if relevant, not completely convincing, suggesting the sample‐size advantage of the unconditional tests should lead to their recommended use. We also briefly suggest that since designers of clinical trials practically always have target null and alternative response rates, there is the possibility of using this information to improve the power of the unconditional tests.
Nickel‐Catalysed Decarboxylative Coupling Reactions – An Overview
Authors: Arunkumar T. K. , Pallavi Mohan , Philip Rose Mary , Anilkumar Gopinathan
Published: May 2024

Decarboxylative cross‐coupling is a significant method in organic synthesis where inexpensive and stable carboxylic acids are used as substrates for the construction of C−C and C‐heteroatom bonds. First‐row 3d transition metals including nickel have recently been recognized as advantageous alternative to noble metals in transition metal catalysed decarboxylative couplings. In this review, Ni‐based catalysts for C−C (Csp3/Csp2/Csp) and C‐heteroatom (C−N, C−P, C−S, C−Si) cross‐couplings are summarized and most of the strategies find applications in the synthesis and modification of biologically important molecules. Importantly, Ni‐dual catalysis under photocatalytic and electrochemical conditions form the state of the art research in the field. This is the first review reported exclusively on Ni‐catalysed decarboxylative cross‐coupling and cover reports from 2009 to present.
In Situ Symbiosis of Cerium Oxide Nanophase for Enhancing the Oxygen Electrocatalysis Performance of Single‐Atom Fe─N─C Catalyst with Prolonged Stability for Zinc–Air Batteries
Authors: Luo Hao , Wang Jiajun , Zhang Shiyu , Sun Buwei , Chen Zanyu , Ren Xixi , Luo Ziyi , Han Xiaopeng , Hu Wenbin
Published: May 2024

The Fenton reaction, induced by the H2O2 formed during the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) process leads to significant dissolution of Fe, resulting in unsatisfactory stability of the iron–nitrogen‐doped carbon catalysts (Fe‐NC). In this study, a strategy is proposed to improve the ORR catalytic activity while eliminating the effect of H2O2 by introducing CeO2 nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy and subsequent characterizations reveal that CeO2 nanoparticles are uniformly distributed on the carbon substrate, with atomically dispersed Fe single‐atom catalysts (SACs) adjacent to them. CeO2@Fe‐NC achieves a half‐wave potential of 0.89 V and a limiting current density of 6.2 mA cm−2, which significantly outperforms Fe‐NC and commercial Pt/C. CeO2@Fe‐NC also shows a half‐wave potential loss of only 1% after 10 000 CV cycles, which is better than that of Fe‐NC (7%). Further, H2O2 elimination experiments show that the introduction of CeO2 significantly accelerate the decomposition of H2O2. In situ Raman spectroscopy results suggest that CeO2@Fe‐NC significantly facilitates the formation of ORR intermediates compared with Fe‐NC. The Zn–air batteries utilizing CeO2@Fe‐NC cathodes exhibit satisfactory peak power density and open‐circuit voltage. Furthermore, theoretical calculations show that the introduction of CeO2 enhances the ORR activity of Fe‐NC SAC. This study provides insights for optimizing SAC‐based electrocatalysts with high activity and stability.
Nanoparticle Surfactants at Complex Emulsion Interfaces
Authors: Luo Yuzheng , Li Kaijuan , Luo Jiaqiu , Wen Yunhui , Shi Shaowei
Published: May 2024

Using nanoparticle surfactants to stabilize the liquid‐liquid interface has attracted significant attention for developing all‐liquid constructs including emulsions and liquid devices. Here, an efficient strategy is demonstrated to stabilize complex emulsions that consist of multiphase droplets by using the co‐assembly between the cellulose nanocrystal and amine‐functionalized polystyrene. Cellulose nanocrystal surfactants (CNCSs) form and assembly in situ at the specified area of emulsion interface, showing a unique pH responsiveness due to their dynamic nature and allowing the reconfiguration of complex emulsion from encapsulated to Janus structures. Such complex emulsions can be further used as the templates to fabricate polymeric particles with hollow, semi‐spherical, and spherical shapes on large scale. These findings establish a promising platform for designing intelligent soft matter that can be used in microreactors, sensors, and anisotropic materials.
TNA‐Mediated Antisense Strategy to Knockdown Akt Genes for Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer Therapy
Authors: Li Pan , Zheng Shixue , Leung Hoi Man , Liu Ling Sum , Chang Tristan Juin Han , Maryam Alishba , Wang Fei , Chin Y. Rebecca , Lo Pik Kwan
Published: May 2024

Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains a significant challenge in terms of treatment, with limited efficacy of chemotherapy due to side effects and acquired drug resistance. In this study, a threose nucleic acid (TNA)‐mediated antisense approach is employed to target therapeutic Akt genes for TNBC therapy. Specifically, two new TNA strands (anti‐Akt2 and anti‐Akt3) are designed and synthesized that specifically target Akt2 and Akt3 mRNAs. These TNAs exhibit exceptional enzymatic resistance, high specificity, enhance binding affinity with their target RNA molecules, and improve cellular uptake efficiency compared to natural nucleic acids. In both 2D and 3D TNBC cell models, the TNAs effectively inhibit the expression of their target mRNA and protein, surpassing the effects of scrambled TNAs. Moreover, when administered to TNBC‐bearing animals in combination with lipid nanoparticles, the targeted anti‐Akt TNAs lead to reduced tumor sizes and decreased target protein expression compared to control groups. Silencing the corresponding Akt genes also promotes apoptotic responses in TNBC and suppresses tumor cell proliferation in vivo. This study introduces a novel approach to TNBC therapy utilizing TNA polymers as antisense materials. Compared to conventional miRNA‐ and siRNA‐based treatments, the TNA system holds promise as a cost‐effective and scalable platform for TNBC treatment, owing to its remarkable enzymatic resistance, inexpensive synthetic reagents, and simple production procedures. It is anticipated that this TNA‐based polymeric system, which targets anti‐apoptotic proteins involved in breast tumor development and progression, can represent a significant advancement in the clinical development of effective antisense materials for TNBC, a cancer type that lacks effective targeted therapy.
Design method of prestressed anchor bolt system for wind turbine foundation
Authors: Chen Junling , Wang Yanchen , Feng Youquan
Published: May 2024

The prestressed anchor bolt system is a reasonable connection mode between the upper steel tower and the bottom concrete foundation for multi‐megawatt wind turbines. This prestressed anchor bolt connection with forged flanges has a similar form to the prestressed high‐strength bolt connection with forged flanges between steel tubes for the tower. However, their mechanical performances have a great difference because of the influence of the stiffness of the anchorage zone in the concrete foundation. Based on the Petersen's method, the engineering calculation method of the prestressed anchor bolt system for wind turbine foundation is derived. The tensile force of the anchor bolt, the anchorage stiffness and clamping force of the base are all deduced according to the theories of mechanics of materials. The numerical models of the segment foundation with the unfavorable anchor bolt and the overall foundation with all anchor bolts are developed for researching the influence of the spatial effect of adjacent segments on the restraint stiffness of the concrete foundation. The numerical analyses of four engineering cases designed by engineering calculation method are carried out for verifying the effectiveness of engineering calculation method. The analysis results show the spatial effect of adjacent segments can be neglected and the Petersen's method can be directly applied for the design of the prestressed anchor bolt system for wind turbine foundation in engineering practice. The engineering calculation method meets the accuracy requirements in engineering practice and can be used to design the prestressed anchor bolt system of wind turbine foundation.
Four major challenges in modern diplomacy: How the specialist diplomatic hierarchy can help
Authors: Oosthuizen Marc E.
Published: May 2024

The 21st century has been accompanied by significant global changes that confound traditional diplomacy. This article focuses on modern diplomacy and the four main challenge areas it faces. These challenges necessitate diplomatic adaptation to remain relevant and effective. To achieve this modernization, the author suggests the implementation of a newly created hierarchy for the selection, training, deployment, ranking, and promotion of a more specialized diplomatic corps. This process is envisioned to occur within four streams of specialization, each with its own type of expert diplomat. This new diplomatic tool is called the Specialist Diplomatic Hierarchy (SDH).
The anesthesiologist’s guide to swine trauma physiology research: a report of two decades of experience from the experimental traumatology laboratory
Authors: Renberg Mattias , Karlsson Tomas , Dahlquist Albin , Luckhurst Claire , Gustavsson Jenny , Arborelius Ulf , Risling Mårten , Günther Mattias
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Swine are one of the major animal species used in translational research, with unique advantages given the similar anatomic and physiologic characteristics as man, but the investigator needs to be familiar with important differences. This article targets clinical anesthesiologists who are proficient in human monitoring. We summarize our experience during the last two decades, with the aim to facilitate for clinical and non-clinical researchers to improve in porcine research.

Methods

This was a retrospective review of 337 swine with a mean (SD) weight 60 (4.2) kg at the Experimental Traumatology laboratory at Södersjukhuset (Stockholm south general hospital) between 2003 and 2023, including laboratory parameters and six CT-angiography examinations.

Results

Swine may be ventilated through the snout using a size 2 neonatal mask. Intubate using a 35 cm miller laryngoscope and an intubating introducer. Swine are prone to alveolar atelectasis and often require alveolar recruitment. Insert PA-catheters through a cut-down technique in the internal jugular vein, and catheters in arteries and veins using combined cut-down and Seldinger techniques. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is possible and lateral chest compressions are most effective. Swine are prone to lethal ventricular arrhythmias, which may be reversed by defibrillation. Most vital parameters are similar to man, with the exception of a higher core temperature, higher buffer bases and increased coagulation. Anesthesia methods are similar to man, but swine require five times the dose of ketamine.

Conclusion

Swine share anatomical and physiological features with man, which allows for seamless utilization of clinical monitoring equipment, medication, and physiological considerations.
On the presentation of the Grothendieck–Witt group of symmetric bilinear forms over local rings
Authors: Rogers Robert , Schlichting Marco
Published: May 2024

We prove a chain lemma for inner product spaces over commutative local rings R with residue field other than $$\mathbb {F}_2$$

F
2

and use this to show that the usual presentation of the Grothendieck–Witt group of symmetric bilinear forms over R as the zeroth Milnor–Witt K-group holds provided the residue field of R is not $$\mathbb {F}_2$$

F
2

.
Monomorphic T-cell post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder with features of HHV8-negative primary effusion lymphoma: an autopsy case and review of the literature
Authors: Hosaka Naoki , Hashimura Mitsuharu , Mugitani Atsuko , Hamaguchi Masanari , Kubo Yuki , Nakatsuka Shin-ichi
Published: May 2024

A 67-year-old man underwent renal transplantation in his twenties. He developed refractory pleural effusion, with many large lymphocytes with severe atypia and mitosis in the effusion, indicating malignant lymphoma. He finally died of respiratory failure. An autopsy revealed atypical lymphocytes positive for CD3, CD4, and CD30 and negative for CD8, CD20, PAX5, human herpesvirus (HHV) 8, and Epstein–Barr virus-encoded small RNAs by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Atypical lymphocytes also had T-cell receptor gene rearrangements Jβ2, Jγ2, and Jδ1 and chromosomal aberrations der(8)t(1;8)(q21;p21), add(13)(q12), add(14)(q32), and add(16)(q12-13). A few atypical lymphocytes were present at other sites. We finally diagnosed this case as monomorphic T-cell post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder with features of HHV8-negative primary effusion lymphoma. A literature review only identified six cases (four HHV8-negative, two HHV8-positive) of effusion lymphoma of T-cell type, including the present case. Interestingly, about half of HHV8-negative and HHV8-positive cases had a history of renal transplantation in their twenties. All cases showed tumor CD30 expression, whereas CD4 and CD8 expressions were inconsistent. These findings indicated that this lymphoma may be associated with post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder by renal transplantation at a young age, although further cases need to be analyzed.
Subjective social status across the past, present, and future: status trajectories of older adults
Authors: Kuball Tim , Jahn Georg
Published: May 2024

Beyond objective indicators of social status (e.g., income or education), the subjective social status (SSS; i.e., the self-assessed position in a social hierarchy) is associated with psychological well-being and physiological functioning. Existing research has focused on older adults’ current status evaluations, neglecting perceived temporal stability or change in SSS which can further impact self-perception and emotional well-being. In the present study, we examined older adults’ (N = 191; mean age = 73.5) SSS with regard to their past, present, and future. Examining SSS for multiple time-points allowed us to identify profiles representing trajectories of status from the past to the future by conducting latent profile analysis. Furthermore, we tested associations of the identified trajectory-profiles with aging anxiety and negative affect. Results showed that, on average, participants anticipated higher future status losses than they had experienced in the past, regardless of age. In the more nuanced profile analysis, we identified four trajectory-profiles: A high (17%), a moderate (57%), and a low perceived social status (14%) trajectory, as well as a profile representing a perceived decrease in status (12%). While a lower status was associated with more aging anxiety and negative affect, most aging anxiety and negative affect was found for profiles representing a low initial status-level and a perceived decrease in status. Findings implicate that social status comparisons with others but also status comparisons with past- and future-selves are relevant for older adults. The discussion highlights the benefits of improving or stabilizing subjective assessments of status in later adulthood.
The COVID-19 Pandemic and Unsustainable PPE Materials: A Correlation and Causality Analysis
Authors: Baltas Konstantinos N. , Mann Robert , Baltas Nicholaos C.
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we investigate the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on European and Chinese unsustainable and non-recyclable plastic markets, specifically those used for the production of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). We explore exogenous economic and commodity price impacts on polypropylene, acrylonitrile and polyvinyl-chloride, via VECM and Granger causality analysis, with the results remaining robust under testing. We find that price shocks from rubber and EUROSTOXX are significantly correlated with PPE materials, to a greater extent than crude oil, unexpectedly relating price declines in PPE materials to factors beyond medical demand. This will aid a policymakers and industry understand the factors that affect the price of unsustainable and non-recyclable PPE materials, respond to the need for pandemic PPE provision and reduce the potential environmental impact of future pandemics.
Altered Genome-Wide DNA Methylation in the Duodenum of Common Variable Immunodeficiency Patients
Authors: Yang Mingyi , Kaarbø Mari , Myhre Vegard , Reims Henrik M. , Karlsen Tom H. , Wang Junbai , Rognes Torbjørn , Halvorsen Bente , Fevang Børre , Lundin Knut E. A. , Aukrust Pål , Bjørås Magnar , Jørgensen Silje F.
Published: May 2024

Purpose

A large proportion of Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) patients has duodenal inflammation with increased intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) of unknown aetiology. The histologic similarities to celiac disease, lead to confusion regarding treatment (gluten-free diet) of these patients. We aimed to elucidate the role of epigenetic DNA methylation in the aetiology of duodenal inflammation in CVID and differentiate it from true celiac disease.

Methods

DNA was isolated from snap-frozen pieces of duodenal biopsies and analysed for differences in genome-wide epigenetic DNA methylation between CVID patients with increased IEL (CVID_IEL; n = 5) without IEL (CVID_N; n = 3), celiac disease (n = 3) and healthy controls (n = 3).

Results

The DNA methylation data of 5-methylcytosine in CpG sites separated CVID and celiac diseases from healthy controls. Differential methylation in promoters of genes were identified as potential novel mediators in CVID and celiac disease. There was limited overlap of methylation associated genes between CVID_IEL and Celiac disease. High frequency of differentially methylated CpG sites was detected in over 100 genes nearby transcription start site (TSS) in both CVID_IEL and celiac disease, compared to healthy controls. Differential methylation of genes involved in regulation of TNF/cytokine production were enriched in CVID_IEL, compared to healthy controls.

Conclusion

This is the first study to reveal a role of epigenetic DNA methylation in the etiology of duodenal inflammation of CVID patients, distinguishing CVID_IEL from celiac disease. We identified potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets within gene promotors and in high-frequency differentially methylated CpG regions proximal to TSS in both CVID_IEL and celiac disease.
Trade Diversion effects of China`s Vat Export Rebates
Authors: Ledyaeva Svetlana
Published: May 2024

The utilization of value-added tax (VAT) export rebates serves as a key component of Chinese trade policy. While existing literature extensively demonstrates the positive impact of these rebates on Chinese exports, the potential negative repercussions for global trade, widely debated in the media, have remained relatively unexplored. This study assesses the trade diversion effects of China's VAT rebates within a "four-way" fixed effects Poisson Pseudo-Maximum Likelihood structural gravity framework spanning 75 countries over the period 2004–2018. The results indicate that, on average, a 1% increase in the rebate leads to a 2.62% reduction in third-country exports. The impact varies significantly at the country level. Wealthier nations with greater trade liberalization and diversified exports at the intensive margin are less susceptible to the effects of China’s export rebate policy. Additionally, there is evidence that countries exporting higher-quality goods experience more significant negative effects. Finally, the negative effects are driven by machinery and equipment sector and intensive margin.
Evaluation of longitudinal passive immunity transfer against lumpy skin disease virus in calves by different serological methods
Authors: Samojlović Milena , Petrović Tamaš , Polaček Vladimir , Lupulović Diana , Lazić Gospava , Rogan Dragan , Lazić Sava
Published: May 2024

To implement effective lumpy skin disease (LSD) control measures, such as timely vaccination, particularly in calves and serological monitoring, it is necessary to evaluate immune response after vaccination, both in adult cattle and in their calves. The aim of this study was to evaluate passive immunity transfer and duration of maternal antibodies against lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) in calves born to vaccinated cows by two different serological methods. The longitudinal study was carried out on two farms in Serbia where no cases were reported during LSD outbreak in 2016. Fifteen cows on each farm were vaccinated and revaccinated with attenuated vaccine - Neethling strain. A total of 30 cows and 30 calves on both farms were included in the study. Serum samples from cows were collected on calving day and serum samples from their respective calves on days 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105 and 120 after birth. Colostrum samples were collected only from 15 cows on one farm. In order to determine the presence of antibodies against LSDV a total of 30 cow sera samples, 15 colostrum samples and 270 calf sera samples were examined by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and modified virus neutralization test (VNT). Overall, the performance of both serological tests was very satisfactory. The results of this longitudinal study showed that persistence of passive immunity in calves is less than 4 months, and that most calves are not protected against LSDV at that age. Since the vaccination is the most important control measure against LSDV, the recommended age of six months for vaccination of calves born to vaccinated cows should be reassessed to achieve the most optimal protection against LSD.
Is Too Much Time on the Internet Making us Less Satisfied with Life?
Authors: Suárez Álvarez Ana , Vicente María R.
Published: May 2024

The Internet’s profound impact on society, communication, and the global economy is undeniable. Despite the studies on Internet adoption and frequency of use, little attention has been given to the intensity of usage as measured by the time spent online. In highly developed countries like the European ones, bridging the access gap is nowadays less relevant, as almost everyone has Internet access. Instead, the focus should be on analysing usage intensity to uncover new digital disparities among different groups and understand potential impacts on individuals' subjective well-being (SWB).

This study aims to deeply examine Internet usage time, its socioeconomic determinants, and its effects on SWB using data from the European Social Survey (ESS) spanning from 2016 to 2020–22 in 21 European countries. We seek to answer two research questions: (1) How do individuals' characteristics influence Internet usage intensity? (2) What is the impact of Internet usage intensity on individuals' SWB?

Our findings show inequalities in Internet usage time driven by individuals' socioeconomic and sociodemographic characteristics. Traditionally disadvantaged groups, both offline and online, exhibit lower Internet usage time, consistent with the existing literature on the digital divide. As for the effect of intensity of Internet use on SWB, after accounting for individuals' characteristics and addressing Internet's endogeneity, we found a negative and significant relationship between Internet usage intensity and life satisfaction, especially for the most intensive internet users.
An interactive task-based method for the avoidance of metal artifacts in CBCT
Authors: Rohleder Maximilian , Thies Mareike , Riedl Sophie , Bullert Benno , Gierse Jula , Privalov Maxim , Mandelka Eric , Vetter Sven , Maier Andreas , Kreher Bjoern
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Intraoperative cone-beam CT imaging enables 3D validation of implant positioning and fracture reduction for orthopedic and trauma surgeries. However, the emergence of metal artifacts, especially in the vicinity of metallic objects, severely degrades the clinical value of the imaging modality. In previous works, metal artifact avoidance (MAA) methods have been shown to reduce metal artifacts by adapting the scanning trajectory. Yet, these methods fail to translate to clinical practice due to remaining methodological constraints and missing workflow integration.

Methods

In this work, we propose a method to compute the spatial distribution and calibrated strengths of expected artifacts for a given tilted circular trajectory. By visualizing this as an overlay changing with the C-Arm’s tilt, we enable the clinician to interactively choose an optimal trajectory while factoring in the procedural context and clinical task. We then evaluate this method in a realistic human cadaver study and compare the achieved image quality to acquisitions optimized using global metrics.

Results

We assess the effectiveness of the compared methods by evaluation of image quality gradings of depicted pedicle screws. We find that both global metrics as well as the proposed visualization of artifact distribution enable a drastic improvement compared to standard non-tilted scans. Furthermore, the novel interactive visualization yields a significant improvement in subjective image quality compared to the state-of-the-art global metrics. Additionally we show that by formulating an imaging task, the proposed method allows to selectively optimize image quality and avoid artifacts in the region of interest.

Conclusion

We propose a method to spatially resolve predicted artifacts and provide a calibrated measure for artifact strength grading. This interactive MAA method proved practical and effective in reducing metal artifacts in the conducted cadaver study. We believe this study serves as a crucial step toward clinical application of an MAA system to improve image quality and enhance the clinical validation of implant placement.
Gesundheitskompetenz und Pflege – eine Analyse der professionsbezogenen Förderung von Gesundheitskompetenz bei Patient*innen in der akutstationären Versorgung
Authors: Fischbock Nadine , Naef Aurélia Naoko , Rathmann Katharina , Dierks Marie-Luise
Published: May 2024

Hintergrund und Ziel

Gesundheitsorganisationen mit den dort beschäftigten Gesundheitsprofessionen haben großen Einfluss auf die Förderung der Gesundheitskompetenz (GK) ihrer Adressat*innen. Die Studie untersucht, ob und wie Pflegefachpersonen (PFP) in der akutstationären Versorgung ihre Patient*innen beim Zugang, beim Verstehen, Beurteilen und Anwenden von Gesundheitsinformationen (Dimensionen der GK nach Sørensen et al.) unterstützen.

Studiendesign

Mittels teilnehmender Beobachtung und Ad-hoc-Interviews wurden 12 PFP über 4 h in 6 Krankenhäusern auf Stationen der inneren Medizin begleitet. Die Datenanalyse erfolgte mittels inhaltlich strukturierender Inhaltsanalyse.

Ergebnisse

Die PFP sind für Patient*innen eine wichtige Ressource im Zugang zu Gesundheitsinformationen in der akutstationären Versorgung. Auch wenn den meisten PFP das Konzept der GK nicht bekannt ist, fördern sie diese in unterschiedlicher Weise. Abhängig ist dies vom Ausmaß des individuellen, patientenzugewandten Verhaltens. Die Dimensionen „Zugang“ und „Verstehen“ werden häufiger unterstützt als die Dimensionen „Beurteilen“ und „Anwenden“.

Schlussfolgerung

Um die GK von Patient*innen in akutstationären Einrichtungen zu fördern, ist ein Verständnis für die Relevanz gesundheitskompetenzfördernder Maßnahmen bei Gesundheitsprofessionen entscheidend. Erforderlich sind Strukturen und Prozesse, die GK-förderndes Alltagshandeln der PFP ermöglichen. Gleichzeitig sollte das Thema GK in Aus‑, Fort- und Weiterbildung systematisch integriert werden.
Influence of TiB2 Incorporation on Microstructural Evolution in Laser-Clad FeCrV15 + TiB2 Deposits
Authors: Aramide B. P. , Jamiru T. , Adegbola T. A. , Popoola A. P. I. , Sadiku E. R.
Published: May 2024

Vanadium carbide (VC)-reinforced Fe-based hard facings are pivotal in enhancing the wear resistance of tools prone to mechanical damage. This study investigates the impact of titanium diboride (TiB2) addition (at varying laser power and powder federate) on the microstructure, hardness, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance of high-carbon ferrochrome FeCrV15 clad coatings for agricultural and mining applications. Laser cladding techniques were employed to deposit coatings on steel substrates, and the samples were subjected to comprehensive material characterization, including microhardness testing, wear studies, and electrochemical polarization. Results reveal that TiB2 addition led to visible reactions during deposition, resulting in decreased hardness compared to pure FeCrV15 coatings. Moreover, TiB2 incorporation adversely affected the anti-corrosion properties of the coatings, although FeCrV15 coatings exhibited superior corrosion resistance compared to FeCrV15 + TiB2 coatings. Tribological evaluations showed that all coatings exhibited better anti-wear capabilities compared to the steel substrate, with varying degrees of improvement influenced by TiB2 concentration and laser beam power. Overall, FeCrV15 deposits demonstrated superior anti-wear and anti-corrosion properties compared to FeCrV15 + TiB2 coatings and attributed to increased convergence of carbide particles and higher grain-boundary density. This research contributes to understanding the intricate interplay between carbide reinforcement and matrix structure in Fe-based hard facings, providing insights for optimizing coating performance in demanding industrial applications.
Radial solutions of a pseudo-differential equations associated with a p-adic non-local ultradiffusion operator
Authors: Galeano-Peñaloza Jeanneth , Casas-Sánchez Oscar Francisco
Published: May 2024

This paper is dedicated to study some pseudo-differential equations related to the operator $$D^{\alpha }_{d_1,d_2}$$

D

d
1

,

d
2

α

with symbol $$\mathcal {A}^{\alpha }_{d_1,d_2}(x)=\max \left\{ |x|_p^{d_1},\ |x|_p^{d_2}\right\} ^\alpha $$

A

d
1

,

d
2

α

(
x
)

=
max

|
x
|

p

d
1

,

|
x
|

p

d
2

α

, acting on a radial function $$\varphi (|x|_p)$$

φ
(
|
x

|
p

)

. The importance of this symbol is that it is a generalization of Vladimirov and Bessel operators. Our research provides conditions for the existence of its right inverse and the explicit formulae for both operators, as well as a practical application. The inverse allows solving a Cauchy problem with the operator, which can be reduced to an integral equation whose properties are similar to those of the classical Volterra equation. We also find conditions for the existence and uniqueness of a mild solution for a degenerate nonlinear Cauchy problem.
Blood Pressure Management in Intracerebral Haemorrhage: when, how much, and for how long?
Authors: Mutimer Chloe A. , Yassi Nawaf , Wu Teddy Y
Published: May 2024

Purpose of Review

When compared to ischaemic stroke, there have been limited advances in acute management of intracerebral haemorrhage. Blood pressure control in the acute period is an intervention commonly implemented and recommended in guidelines, as elevated systolic blood pressure is common and associated with haematoma expansion, poor functional outcomes, and mortality. This review addresses the uncertainty around the optimal blood pressure intervention, specifically timing and length of intervention, intensity of blood pressure reduction and agent used.

Recent Findings

Recent pivotal trials have shown that acute blood pressure intervention, to a systolic target of 140mmHg, does appear to be beneficial in ICH, particularly when bundled with other therapies such as neurosurgery in selected cases, access to critical care units, blood glucose control, temperature management and reversal of coagulopathy.

Systolic blood pressure should be lowered acutely in intracerebral haemorrhage to a target of approximately 140mmHg, and that this intervention is generally safe in the ICH population.
Plasma electrolytic oxidation based superhydrophobic coatings: fabrication, rudiments, and constraints
Authors: Adeleke Sakiru A. , Caldona Eugene B.
Published: May 2024

Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) has evolved as a versatile technique for depositing low surface energy organic-based materials useful in fabricating superhydrophobic (SHP) coating materials. The application of silane-based polymeric organic materials atop PEO coating is the most common method to prepare coating materials for wetting and corrosion protection. Herein, the latest developments in PEO-based coatings employing polymeric/silane-based organic materials with the inclusion of ceramic oxides are reviewed, with emphasis on the structure, wettability, and corrosion resistance. The relevant and existing fundamental design theories and strategies for fabricating highly efficient SHP PEO coatings are also outlined and discussed. The systemic design of SHP coatings by deposition from organic particle dispersion and their inclusion into PEO-micropore layers, as well as the most important parameters affecting the properties of PEO-assisted SHP-based coatings, are highlighted. Furthermore, the merits and challenges of the PEO-assisted SHP-based coating fabrication are critically evaluated to identify remaining challenges and future research directions.
P4HA2 contributes to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma progression and EMT through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Wu Yan-Ling , Liu Wan , Zhao Tingting , Jin Jing
Published: May 2024

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) can be defined as a deadly illness with a dismal prognosis in advanced stages. Therefore, we seek to examine P4HA2 expression and effect in HNSCC, along with the underlying mechanisms. This study utilized integrated bioinformatics analyses to evaluate the P4HA2 expression pattern, prognostic implication, and probable function in HNSCC. The study conducted various in vitro experiments, including colony formation, CCK-8, flow cytometry, wound healing, and transwell assays, on the human HNSCC cell line CAL-27 to examine the involvement of P4HA2 in HNSCC progression. Moreover, western blotting was used to investigate epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and PI3K/AKT pathway markers to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. P4HA2 expression was significantly enhanced in HNSCC, and its overexpression was correlated to tumor aggressiveness and a poor prognosis in patients. Based on in vitro experiments, the overexpressed P4HA2 enhanced cell proliferation, migration, invasion, as well as EMT while reducing apoptosis, whereas P4HA2 silencing exhibited the reverse effect. P4HA2 overexpression enhanced PI3K/AKT phosphorylation in HNSCC cells. Moreover, LY294002 was observed to counteract the effects of upregulated P4HA2 on proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT in HNSCC. Collectively, we indicated that P4HA2 promoted HNSCC progression and EMT via PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.