bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stress Inversion and Fault Instability Analysis of Seram-Buru Region
Authors: Saputra Rifky Wahyu , Diputra Adi Syahwal Ganda , Sahara David Prambudi , Surya Tri Satrio Cahya , Sharfina Nadira Putri , Kusumawati Dian
Published: February 2025

The Eastern Indonesia is situated at the convergence of the Alpine-Himalayan orogenic belt and the Circum-Pacific belt, where the convergence of three tectonic plates generates an area of significant geological complexity and neotectonic activity. This research aims to ascertain the stress regime influencing the Seram-Buru area and its implications on fault instability within the region. The study area encompasses the islands of Seram and Buru, Maluku, utilizing earthquake catalogs and focal mechanism data obtained from the International Seismological Center (ISC) and the Global Centroid Moment Tensor (GCMT), spanning the recording period from January 1st, 1964, to March 31st, 2024, comprising a total of 5198 earthquake catalog entries and 449 focal mechanism data points. Processing involves seismicity analysis of the area, followed by spatial data clustering utilizing a density-based spatial clustering algorithm. Subsequently, stress regime inversion is performed for each clustered area, culminating in an analysis of tectonic instability within the region. The clustering analysis categorizes the data into 5 clusters deemed to correlate well with the neotectonic conditions of the research area, namely shallow subduction earthquakes, intra-subduction earthquakes, and shallow fault-related earthquakes. The results of stress inversion reveal variable shape ratios ranging from 0.5051 to 0.7506, with friction coefficients ranging from 0.3 to 0.85. Sigma 1 exhibits a compressive NE-SW stress regime with a predominantly horizontal plunge, whereas Sigma 3 displays a NW-SE trending stress regime with a predominantly vertical plunge, aligning with the focal mechanism tendencies indicative of uplift faults.
Analysis of the Hypocenter-Epicenter Distribution Based on Volcanic Earthquake of Mount Agung Along January – December 2018 Using the Coupled Velocity-Hypocenter Method and Structural Deformation.
Authors: Nadirah Farah Jihan , Suparman Yasa , Hapsoro Cahyo Aji , Sutrisno
Published: February 2025

The eruption of Mount Agung in November 2017 became one of the largest eruptions in Indonesia. Therefore, after the eruption period, Mount Agung experienced an increase in activity in the year 2018. One of the challenges to warn and alert the citizen about the danger of eruptions is to monitor volcanic activity caused by volcanoes. Monitoring the level of volcanic activity can be conduted by determining the distribution of the hypocenter of the earthquake. In this study, the hypocenter distortion of the earthquake was determined using the Coupled Velocity-Hypocenter method with 2D and 3D plotting. This method produces outputs such as the hipocenter coordinates, the local 1-D velocity model of the P wave, as well as the correction of the station. This model gives the information about the structure of the Earth’s layers through the seismic wave. Based on the calculations that have been [revealed], the distribution of the hippocenter is centered in the southwestern direction of the summit of Mount Agung with a depth range of 1-10 km. This location is associated to the presence of intrusion of magma that forms the dyke resulting in many points of volcanic earthquakes due to magma movement. The type of explosive Mount Agung eruption can affect the structure of Mount Agung as a result of a massive eruption. The deformation of the structures that occurred resulted in changes in the structure of the Earth’s surface, which is it could affect the lava flow path that could be hazardous if there were civilian settlements. This has become one of the key factors in addition to determining the location of the earthquake source, monitoring of structural deformation also needs to be conducted.
Lithology Prediction Using Convolutional Neural Network Algoritm Study Case Poseidon Field Australia Basin
Authors: Komara Eki , Nugraha Muhammad Faiz , Utama Widya , Garini Sherly Ardhya
Published: February 2025

Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) method is one of a machine learning algorithm that is adapted from the the way of human brain works and is used to facilitate the processing of large amounts of data. The CNN method predicts the lithology of a well with well log data, there are Gamma-Ray Logs, Density Logs, Neutron Porosity Logs, and DT Logs. The CNN model is formed by several layers, such as 2 Convolutional Layers, 2 Dense Layers, 0.5 Dropout Layers, and 256 Dense Nodes. Contrary outcomes are observed in predictions that were previously generated utilizing 10 input parameters from Poseidon2, Poseidon North, Well Proteus1, and Poseidon1 data. The lithology frequency of Claystone and Siltstone is the dominant type based on the data from Poseidon2, Poseidon North, and Proteus1 Wells. The Poseidon1 Well data mostly consists of Claystone lithological frequency. The trained model utilizes data from the Poseidon2, Poseidon North, and Proteus1 wells, which exhibit lithology distinct from that of the Poseidon1 Wells. Consequently, the model is limited to predicting lithology based solely on log types that align with the training data.. The amount of 3730 initial data from the Poseidon2, Poseidon North, and Proteus1 wells were entered and trained which later became the CNN model and then tested the 820 new data. The accuracy of the lithology prediction was done by comparing the actual facies with the predicted facies which had an accuracy of 87.9% at the Poseidon2, Poseidon North, and Proteus1 wells. The resulting RMSE value is 1.4. As a result, the CNN method can predict the lithology according to the original facies and identify the lithology of the Poseidon1 well as a target at a depth of 4620 m to 4660 m with Claystone lithology. CNN method can also predict thin layers such as Ferruginous Calcilutite and Altered Volcanic. The input section of the CNN method is required to use well report data that matches the depth data.
Implementation of Full Waveform Inversion Workflow using Steepest Descent and Conjugate Gradient Methods
Authors: Ardana Andriana , Hendriyana Andri , Yudistira Tedi
Published: February 2025

Full Waveform Inversion (FWI) is a seismic imaging technique that utilizes the entire content of seismic trace. This method aims to minimizes differences between real and synthetic seismograms. FWI consists of three main steps: forward modelling to simulate synthetic seismograms, adjoint simulation to calculate the gradient misfit, and optimization to obtain an appropriate model perturbation. FWI is an extremely non-linear inversion technique and computationally intensive since it involves many model parameters. In the context of geophysics, finding parameter models that describe the structure of the earth’s subsurface is the main goal. Geophysical measurements in the field only obtain data that is influenced by the parameter model, in this case seismic recording data, therefore mathematical techniques are studied and applied to determine the correct parameter model from the data obtained, also known as the inversion process. In this study, main research area is on optimization step which include mathematical approach to find perturbation model effectively. The Newton method can be used in the optimization step of FWI. However, its implementation is not promising due to high computational cost in calculating Hessian matrix. To reduce computation cost, an identity matrix is chosen to replace the Hessian matrix, as it usually done in the steepest descent method. Since FWI has a high level of non-linearity, steepest descent method requires many iterations to minimize the objective function. Therefore, this study uses a conjugate gradient method to make the data misfit minimized more quickly. Apart from that, the Line search technique is used to find an appropriate step-length at each iteration on both methods. The FWI workflow is applied to the synthetic acoustic velocity model. We conduct FWI using steepest descent and conjugate gradient methods. The results show that the conjugate gradient method requires fewer iterations than the steepest descent method to minimize the objective function. FWI model result using conjugate gradient method is closer with the true model compared to steepest descent method, showed on misfit result and model image. By comparing these methods we can see that conjugate gradient method can be chosen for application on FWI optimization step for better result on seismic imaging. On the industry scale, better results provide less uncertainty on the model parameters that useful for energy exploration or engineering.
How Tamansari Become a Sustainable Cultural and Historical Space of Kesultanan Yogyakarta: The Journey of Tamansari in Adapting to the Identity Shift
Authors: Ramadanti A S , Soetrisno E T
Published: February 2025

Tamansari is the second and the most preserved Pesanggrahan (resting area) of the Kesultanan Yogyakarta. The area had continuously transformed throughout 1765 - 2023, shifting from a private into a public historical site. This identity shift reflects transformations in its cultural landscape. This research explores how Tamansari managed to sustain its cultural landscape in 2023. There area three points of inquiry: 1. Tamansari’s cultural landscape identity, 2. Tamansari’s evolution, 3. How Tamansari adapts. This research uses cultural landscape evolution theory to explore the concepts of cultural landscape, identity, and evolution with the observed timeline from 1765 - 2023. This research finds that the cultural landscape identity of Tamansari Complex has shifted from its previous ones. A transformed cultural landscape causes the shift In its shifted identities, the relationship dynamic in the complex evolved into a more intricate form. The current Tamansari Complex’s identity is both threatened and sustained by the transformations.
Stacked Ensemble Model for Accurate Crop Yield Prediction Using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: V RAMESH , P Kumaresan
Published: February 2025

Predicting crop yields remains a crucial challenge in agriculture, as these forecasts influence decision-making at global, regional, and individual crop levels. Historically, such predictions have utilized diverse data sources, including agricultural, land, climatic, atmospheric, and other pertinent information. Over the past several years, the application of machine learning techniques has emerged as a valuable analytical approach for estimating agricultural productivity, thereby informing decisions regarding crop selection and management strategies throughout the entire growing cycle. Various kinds of machine learning models have been utilized in research to forecast crop yields. Our work proposes a stacked ensemble model designed for the purpose of predicting crop yield. The proposed model employs a stacked ensemble learning approach, with a Decision Tree Regressor functioning as the meta-model to amalgamate predictions from six distinct base learner models: Linear Regression (LR), Elastic Net, XGBoost Regressor, K-Neighbors Regressor (KNR), AdaBoost Regressor, and Random Forest Regressor (RFR). The proposed stacked ensemble model achieves superior crop yield prediction performance, evidenced by a notable enhancement in accuracy and a significant decrease in RMSE, surpassing the predictive capabilities of traditional machine learning models. The ensemble model's performance was assessed using several metrics, including a Mean Absolute Error of 7.20 tons/hectare, Mean Square Error of 15570.32 tons2/hectare2, Root Mean Square Error of 124.78 tons/hectare, and Coefficient of Determination (R² Score) of 0.98. The performance results demonstrate that stacked ensemble model outperforms other conventional machine learning approaches, achieving a high R-squared score of 98%.
Coupling Coordination Analysis of Urban Social Vulnerability and Human Activity Intensity
Authors: qindong fan , Zhang YuXia , Wei Guojie , Huang Xiangqiu
Published: February 2025

An in-depth exploration of the coupling and coordination relationship between urban social vulnerability and human activity intensity can provide a scientific basis for urban sustainable development, planning optimization, and policy decisions. Using multi-source remote sensing data and social-economic statistics in 2021, Zhengzhou's social vulnerability and human activity intensity were quantified. Subsequently, a coupling coordination degree model was applied to reveal the extent of coordination between these two factors. Finally, the geographical detector was used to analyze the impact of driving factors on the degree of coupling coordination. Results indicated that The spatial distribution pattern of social vulnerability and human activity intensity in Zhengzhou exhibits a gradual attenuation trend from the center toward the periphery, indicating a strong correlation between the two factors. The regions with high coupling coordination degrees were primarily concentrated in the central region. The total output value of the primary industry, patch aggregation index, per capita cultivated land area, and human activity intensity were identified as key drivers affecting changes in coupling coordination degree. These factors exhibit evident synergistic enhancement effects, resulting in comprehensive impacts on the spatial distribution of coupling. This study can provide a reference for urban development decision-making.
Real-time monitoring of hydrogen composite pressure vessels using surface-applied distributed fiber optic sensors
Authors: Karapanagiotis Christos , Breithaupt Mathias , Duffner Eric , Schukar Marcus
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we report to the best of our knowledge for the first time on continuous real-time monitoring of composite overwrapped pressure vessels (COPVs) designed for hydrogen storage using surface-applied distributed fiber optic sensors (DFOS). We conducted continuous and real-time DFOS measurements during pressure cycling tests consisting of periodic pressure fluctuations between 20 bar and 875 bar, with a rate of 5 cycles/min. During pressure cycling, the DFOS system measured strain changes, that under normal operating conditions were linearly correlated to changes in pressure. To detect and quantify damage-related anomalies, we trained a simple regression model to predict strain from pressure data and used the difference between predicted and measured values as a damage indicator. With our approach, the DFOS system not only detected and localized the damage but also continuously tracked its evolution in real time under dynamic pressure conditions. Furthermore, unlike previous studies where optical fibers were embedded within the composite structure, we applied them on the COPV surface, reducing both implementation cost and time while eliminating the need to modify the COPV manufacturing process. Based on our results, we are confident that DFOS can enhance safety and facilitate the transition from time-consuming periodic inspections to more efficient, machine learning-based predictive maintenance.
Introduction
Authors: Parr Tom
Published: February 2025

This chapter clarifies the main aims of this book, which are to develop and defend a novel way of theorizing about the demands of justice in the labour market, called the empowerment model, and then to draw on this model to shed light on a range of ongoing disputes about the future of work. The chapter also introduces some of the book’s main themes, particularly relating to social class, the demands of liberalism, and the relevance of empirical scholarship to political philosophy. It then summarizes the text’s structure, including the division of labour between Parts I and II, before concluding with some brief remarks about method.
Occupational Harms (and Benefits)
Authors: Parr Tom
Published: February 2025

The aim of the previous chapter was to outline the empowerment model and to describe some of its central attractions. The aim of this chapter is to strengthen my defence of the empowerment model by contrasting it with its most serious competition, namely the occupational harms model. Proponents of this view claim that the goal of labour market policymaking should be to protect individuals against various unavoidable occupational harms—that is, against particular harms that they suffer because of their need to participate in labour markets. Accordingly, when diagnosing injustices in labour markets, those drawn to this approach focus directly on specified harms that workers endure as a result of having to sell their labour. Though there is much to recommend in this view, this chapter argues that the occupational harms model offers less practical guidance than the empowerment model, and is less theoretically attractive for this reason.
Beyond Bargaining Power
Authors: Parr Tom
Published: February 2025

This chapter evaluates three closely related objections to the empowerment model, each of which targets the fact that, even if governments were to secure individuals’ equal bargaining power, many workers may still be forced to sell their labour to others to make ends meet. The first of these focuses on the illegitimacy of most workplace authority; the second targets the involuntary nature of many employment contracts; and the third emphasizes the subordination that many workers endure. Though each offers valuable insights, the chapter concludes that none of these lines of reasoning justifies abandoning or substantially revising the empowerment model. The chapter ends with some remarks about the appeal and limitations of workplace democracy.
Work Hours and Free Time
Authors: Parr Tom
Published: February 2025

The aim of this chapter is to contribute to defences of working time policies and, in particular, to offer some remarks in support of the justifiability of the four-day work week. The chapter distinguishes different kinds of argument that may be voiced by those sympathetic to this conclusion, and considers several objections, including from those who condemn shorter work hours on the alleged grounds that this will likely reduce economic output. In doing so, the analysis sheds new light on the appeal of the stationary state. The chapter concludes with some discussion of what is most attractive with the four-day work week in comparison with other policies that improve access to free time.
Gender Earnings Gaps
Authors: Parr Tom
Published: February 2025

This chapter explores some normative questions relating to gender earnings gaps—that is, to the inequality in hourly and total earnings between men and women. In recent years, this gap has become a socially and politically urgent issue, provoking widespread condemnation. And while this topic is also being increasingly studied by empirically-minded social scientists, political philosophers have engaged with this scholarship to only a minimal degree. One aim of this chapter is to map out some of the relevant theoretical terrain, emphasizing the moral importance of the fact that much of the disparity in earnings between men and women emerges from the fact that young parents have strong incentives to specialize as breadwinners and caregivers. Much of the work in this chapter is exploratory, reflecting the nascent state of the philosophical literature.
Towards a Legal Right to Work from Home
Authors: Parr Tom
Published: February 2025

Against the social and economic background of the recent pandemic and the rise of working from home to which it led, the aim of this chapter is to explore and answer the following two questions. First, are there compelling grounds for governments to promote opportunities for employees to work from home? And second, if so, how should labour market policymakers do this? The chapter’s conclusion is that there are weighty reasons for governments to increase the availability of opportunities to work from home, and, in particular, that they should do this by granting employees a legal right to work from home. What this means in policy terms, and how this departs from prevailing arrangements, are complex issues explored in further depth.
Louis XV
Authors: Fitzsimmons Michael P
Published: February 2025

Philippe, duc d’Orléans, regent for the young Louis XV, restored the pre-registration right of remonstrance to the parlement of Paris. Orléans’s relations with the parlement were relatively harmonious, but his restoration of the right of remonstrance set the stage for conflict between Louis XV and the parlement that gradually escalated. The Jansenist controversy became a debate by proxy about the nature of government in France and, in mid-century, the parlement began to assert a distinction between the king, the state, and the law. Contesting the idea of personal rule, the parlement advanced the idea of a constitution to which the king was bound and the concept that law was as sovereign as the monarch. The parlement portrayed itself as the guardian of the nation against royal abuses of power. The conflict culminated with Louis XV suppressing the parlement of Paris in 1771, which gave rise to fears of despotism.
The Completion and Consolidation of the Constitution
Authors: Fitzsimmons Michael P
Published: February 2025

Municipal elections in early 1790 alleviated apprehension in the kingdom and confidence was further strengthened by a visit by Louis to the Assembly in which he vowed to associate himself with its work. The Fête de la Fédération of 1790 seemed to represent harmony between king and Assembly and loyalty to the constitution began to take hold. In June 1791, however, as the Assembly neared completion of the constitution, Louis surreptitiously left Paris and sought to make his way to a fortress on the eastern frontier, apparently to renegotiate its provisions. He left behind a scathing denunciation of the constitution that revealed his insincerity in his protestations of loyalty to the constitution and destroyed confidence in him. The kingdom unequivocally rallied to the Assembly. The Assembly decided to leave Louis on the throne if he accepted the constitution, which he did in September 1791, producing celebrations of happiness throughout France.
Early World Heritage
Authors: Kalaycioglu Elif
Published: February 2025

This chapter analyses the early World Heritage regime (1978–1991). It traces the regime’s genesis to pin down the idea of humanity informing it. The analysis shows that at stake is a rarefied humanity valorized for its grand cultural productions, rational exertion of world-shaping will, and world-historical movements. These are the subjectivities that World Heritage renders possible and desirable. The chapter zeroes in on the entrapments of this desire via nominations of colonial sites by postcolonial subjects, analyzing how they reproduce and rework the symbolic universe to enter this coveted social order. Finally, it discusses the emergent possibilities of peace and solidarity, showing the limits of this monumental solidarity, the elisions necessary to craft a positive cultural history out of civilizational and world-historical underbellies, and a reticence to engage with these questions even when nominations such as the Auschwitz Concentration Camp and the Island of Gorée highlighted them.
Forms of Devotion
Authors: Eisaman Maus Katharine
Published: February 2025

The first part of this chapter discusses religious poetry, which reaches a zenith in English between the years 1603 and 1660, which were also a golden age for the related genres of secular love poetry. The chapter begins with an introduction to the role religion played in the lives of early modern English people. It then discusses, first, short devotional poems by John Donne, George Herbert, Richard Crashaw, Robert Herrick, Andrew Marvell, and others, and then longer narrative works by Giles Fletcher, Amelia Lanyer, Abraham Cowley, and John Milton. The second part of this chapter discusses secular poems of devotion: love and friendship poetry by William Shakespeare, Mary Wroth, John Donne, Ben Jonson, John Milton, Robert Herrick, Richard Lovelace, Katherine Philips, and Andrew Marvell.
9 Disseminative thromboembolic affect of intracranial, pulmonary, upper, and lower extremities small vessels caused by catheter-related sepsis in infant
Authors: Pereyaslov Andriy , Lapshyn Kyryl , Pryimakova Vira , Mishchuk Docent Volodymyr , Sodoma Oleh
Published: February 2025

Female infant (date of birth 03.10.2021) was treated in an infectious disease hospital with adenovirus infection. Due to deterioration of clinical condition, she was transferred to our hospital. At the time of admission, complained of difficult breathing, febrile temperature (up to 39°C), and generalized rash on the skin. It was painful hyperemia on the right forearm at the site where intravenous catheter was placed. On the background of fever, the child developed the cramps. Due to that, she was hospitalized to the intensive care unit. The bilateral pleuropneumonia with partial atelectasis of lower poles of both lungs, which required the mechanical ventilation, was revealed on plain chest radiography. Laboratory tests revealed the elevated WBC (17.8 × 109/l), decreased platelets count (121 × 109/l), coagulative disorders—increased fibrinogen level (9.92 g/l), prothrombin time (27.5 s), INR (2.33), D-dimer (1.48 mg/l), and decreased prothrombin index (44.4%); procalcitonin level was normal (0.25 mg/ml). St.aureus was isolated from blood that susceptible to meropenem, clindamycin, and tigecycline. Glasgow coma score—8 points; possible to thromboembolic affect of intracranial vessels. Antibacterial treatment started with intravenous clindamycin (300 mg/day), meropenem (20 mg/kg in 3 doses/day). Child also received heparin (100 mg/kg in 4 doses/day), pentoxifylline (50 mg in 2 doses/day), and intravenous infusions. Despite the treatment, appeared and intensively increased the edema of the left upper extremity and both shins and feet; skin became cyanotic and cold. Diagnosed the critical ischemia of left upper extremity and both lower extremities, due to that the fasciotomy was performed. The intensive therapy was continued with the gradually improving of the clinical condition: complete recovery of consciousness, restore of spontaneous breathing, normalizing laboratory test, and body temperature. Besides that, the dry gangrene of all fingers of the right foot and second finger of the right arm, and necrotic changes of the skin on dorsal and plantar surface of the right foot was developed. Necrosis was removed by staged necrosectomy with VAC-system applying and wounds gradually healing by the secondary tension. Child was discharged after 52 days in good condition. This case illustrated severe catheter-related sepsis complicated by disseminative thromboembolic affects of the small vessels in different regions.
Strategic Pathways to ICD-11 Adoption in France and the United States
Authors: Boussat Bastien , Jakob Robert , Boyer Laurent , Romano Patrick S
Published: February 2025

Unstructured Abstract

The International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision (ICD-11), developed by the World Health Organization, represents a transformative update to global health data classification systems. Building on the foundation of ICD-10, it introduces innovative features such as multilingual coding, advanced interoperability, postcoordination, and improved specificity, enabling better alignment with modern healthcare and digital information systems. This commentary explores the adoption pathways for ICD-11 in France and the United States, two countries with complex healthcare infrastructures and distinct implementation strategies. France’s phased roadmap, led by the National Health Information Agency (ATIH), prioritizes system readiness, workforce training, and pilot testing to ensure smooth integration with hospital information systems. In contrast, the United States, guided by the National Committee on Vital and Health Statistics (NCVHS), focuses on regulatory alignment, funding models, and system modifications to support a seamless transition. The manuscript underscores the critical role of academic research in refining ICD-11’s applications, assessing its impact on healthcare quality, and optimizing tools for implementation. Drawing lessons from early adopters globally, we advocate for a coordinated, resource-driven approach to achieve full ICD-11 adoption within five years. This transition is poised to enhance health data accuracy, support clinical research, and improve population health outcomes worldwide.
Health Care Access, Utilization, and Quality for Children in English vs. Spanish-Speaking Households
Authors: Zaylskie Lauren E , Zickafoose Joseph S , Leech Ashley A , Jennings Bruce , Curcio Natalie M , Griffith Kevin N
Published: February 2025

This study examines healthcare disparities affecting children from Spanish-speaking households in the United States, focusing on the relationship between primary language spoken at home and access to care, utilization of health services, and quality of care. Using data from the 2021 National Survey of Children’s Health, we analyzed responses from English- and Spanish-speaking families to understand potential language-driven gaps in healthcare. The findings reveal that children in Spanish-speaking households are more likely to lack insurance, a usual source of care, and to forgo needed medical attention compared to their English-speaking peers. These children also use fewer health services, particularly for specialty and school-based care. Parents in Spanish-speaking households report lower-quality interactions with healthcare providers, citing insufficient time spent with their child, inadequate listening, limited shared decision-making, and a lack of cultural sensitivity. Furthermore, these findings could not be explained by group-level differences in demographics, geographic distribution, or financial condition. Our results underscore the urgent need for targeted interventions and policies to bridge language barriers, improve provider communication, and enhance health equity for families with limited English proficiency. By addressing these challenges, the healthcare system can work toward more equitable care for Hispanic and Spanish-speaking children and their families.
Altered Proteomics in Brain Extracellular Vesicles from Depressed Individuals Who Died by Suicide Implicates Synaptic Processes
Authors: Ibrahim Pascal , Mitsuhashi Haruka , Taylor Lorne , Cleyle Jenna , Mechawar Naguib , Nagy Corina , Turecki Gustavo
Published: February 2025

Background

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a common and debilitating disorder whose molecular neurobiology remains unclear. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small vesicles that are released by cells and are involved in intercellular communication. They carry bioactive molecules, such as proteins, that reflect the state of their cell of origin. In this study, we sought to investigate the proteomic cargo of brain EVs from depressed individuals as compared to EVs from matched neurotypical individuals. In addition, we investigated how the EV proteomic cargo compares to the proteomic profile of bulk tissue.

Methods

Using mass spectrometry and label-free quantification (LFQ), we investigated the EV and bulk tissue protein profile from anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) samples from 86 individuals. We performed differential expression analysis to compare cases and controls, followed by in silico analysis to determine potential implicated functions of dysregulated proteins.

Results

EVs display distinct proteomic profiles compared to bulk tissue. Differential expression analysis showed that 70 proteins were differentially packaged in EVs in MDD, while there was no significant difference in protein levels between groups in bulk tissue. In silico analysis points to a strong role of these differential EV proteins in synaptic functions.

Conclusion

To our knowledge, this is the first study to profile EV proteins in depression, providing novel information to better understand the pathophysiology of MDD. This work paves the way for discovering new therapeutic targets for MDD and prompts more investigations into EVs in MDD and other psychiatric disorders.
On the use of external controls in clinical trials
Authors: Nuño Michelle M , Pugh Stephanie L , Ji Lingyun , Piao Jin , Dignam James J , Steingrimsson Jon A
Published: February 2025

Externally controlled trials have commonly been used when conducting a randomized controlled trial (RCT) is not feasible or ethical. By allowing the study of new treatments, use of external controls can lead to accelerated advances in the management of rare diseases. The use of external controls, however, introduces new challenges due to potential differences between the population the external controls are enrolled from and the population the patients on the new trial are enrolled from. Some differences include, but are not limited to, differences in how patients are diagnosed and treated, differences in the case mix of the underlying populations, differences in the ability to measure outcomes, and differences in data collection. We discuss the potential benefits and challenges of externally controlled trials, as well as strategies to mitigate bias, including the estimand and target-trial emulation framework. We also provide a brief overview of statistical methodology commonly used in these settings. We note that although the strategies presented may help mitigate some of these challenges, they cannot replace an RCT framework, and investigators should be aware of the potential limitations of externally controlled trials.
Intracluster correlation coefficients from cluster randomized trials conducted within the NCI Community Oncology Research Program (NCORP)
Authors: Snavely Anna C , Gunn Heather J , Lee Ju-Whei , Pugh Stephanie L , Barlow William E , Culakova Eva , Arnold Kathryn B , Kittel Carol A , Smith Sydney , Hanlon Bret M , Tan Angelina D , Dockter Travis , Zahrieh David , Dressler Emily V
Published: February 2025

The intracluster correlation coefficient (ICC) measures the correlation of observations within clusters and is a key parameter for power and sample size calculations for cluster randomized trials (CRTs). To facilitate the design of future CRTs within the National Cancer Institute Community Oncology Research Program (NCORP), all studies from the NCORP website were reviewed to identify completed CRTs. ICCs for primary and secondary outcomes (when available) were ascertained from these trials and summarized in this article as a resource for future trial development. Although ICCs are relatively small for many outcome cluster combinations, that is not always the case, so consideration should always be given to the specific outcome of interest, trial design, and type of cluster when estimating an ICC to facilitate trial development.
Design considerations and challenges in the CHinA National CancEr Screening (CHANCES) trial and Tomosynthesis Mammographic Imaging Screening Trial (TMIST)
Authors: Hu Ping , Steingrimsson Jon A , Cole Elodia , Cormack Jean , Dunn Barbara K , Gatsonis Constantine , Lee Cecilia , Li Ni , Pisano Etta D , He Jie , Kramer Barnett S
Published: February 2025

This paper explores the design considerations and hurdles encountered by the CHinA National CancEr Screening (CHANCES) Trial and the Tomosynthesis Mammographic Imaging Screening Trial (TMIST), both aimed at advancing cancer screening research. Before population-based cancer screening programs are launched, it is important to have confidence that the potential benefits of the screening process and resulting interventions outweigh harms, an ethical imperative because the people actively invited into the programs are relatively healthy. Large randomized screening trials provide the strongest, direct evidence regarding the balance of benefits and harms. The implementation of cancer screening programs involves a series of steps, with outcomes influenced by factors such as the prevalence of the disease, availability of effective treatment within the health-care system, and acceptance by the target population—all of which may vary considerably from country to country. This paper examines how these factors shaped the design and statistical approach of the CHANCES Trial for lung and colorectal cancers and the TMIST trial for breast cancer. We discuss the rationale, objectives, endpoint definitions, trial designs, and sample size considerations, highlighting both the challenges and opportunities presented in different settings. Ultimately, the goal is to foster collaboration and develop screening strategies that are scientifically robust and practically effective for diverse populations worldwide.
Outcomes and Current State of Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator Flap Surgery in Peru and Mexico
Authors: Ziegler Rodriguez Otto Rolando , De La Cruz-Ku Gabriel , Ludeña Muñoz Juan Rafael , Rodriguez Valdivia Juan Enrique , Ramos-Acevedo Christian Gerardo , Medina Flores Eduardo , Vicuña Urbina Hector , De La Parra-Marquez Miguel , García-Pérez Mauricio Manuel , González-García Ignacio
Published: February 2025

Background:

In developing countries, breast reconstruction has multiple barriers, especially related to microsurgical procedures. Our aim was to describe the characteristics and outcomes of patients who underwent deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap in 2 Latin American countries (Peru and Mexico) performed by recent postgraduate microsurgery fellows.

Methods:

A retrospective study of a case series of breast cancer patients who underwent DIEP flap surgery in 5 surgery centers in 2 different countries, Peru and Mexico, was conducted.

Results:

A total of 45 female patients were included, the mean age was 47.62 years with a median body mass index of 24.91 kg/m2. The majority of patients had a presurgical diagnosis of mastectomy (91.1%), whereas 8.9% had chronic radiodermatitis. Moreover, the most common reason for surgical intervention was breast reconstruction after breast cancer surgery (88.9%). The median operative time and length of hospital stay were 8 hours (range 3–14 h) and 6 days (range 3–21 d), respectively. Twenty percent of patients required blood transfusions, 24.4% had venous congestion, and 15.6% presented wound dehiscence. Moreover, 9 (33.3%) patients required reoperation and 6 required salvage procedures (15.6%).

Conclusions:

Due to the multiple healthcare barriers in these countries, a very low number of DIEP flaps are performed in Peru and Mexico. Outcomes were worse in Peru compared with Mexico, with complication rates similar to those of other Latin American countries but higher than those of interventions performed in more experienced hands in the United States and Europe.
Anti-reflux mucosectomy for proton pump inhibitor refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease with hiatal hernia: A case report
Authors: Ba Ying , Liu Sheng , Shi Ning , Chen Yan , Xu Hongwei
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a prevalent chronic condition primarily treated with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). However, patients with PPI-refractory GERD and hiatal hernia present significant therapeutic challenges, with conventional treatments often yielding unsatisfactory outcomes. While anti-reflux mucosectomy (ARMS) has emerged as a promising treatment, its efficacy in cases with hiatal hernia remains understudied. The primary objective of this case report is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ARMS in treating PPI-refractory GERD complicated by hiatal hernia.

Case presentation:

We report the case of a 77-year-old female patient with PPI-refractory GERD and significant hiatal hernia who underwent ARMS. The procedure successfully reconstructed the barrier at the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ), resulting in marked symptom improvement and enhanced quality of life at 3-month follow-up.

Conclusions:

This case demonstrates that ARMS can be an effective therapeutic option for PPI-refractory GERD patients with hiatal hernia, challenging previous contraindications. Further studies with larger patient cohorts are warranted to validate these findings.
Prevalence and cognitive factors influencing high-risk HPV infection and cervical diseases in women aged 18–45 in Shijiazhuang city
Authors: Deng Xiaohui , Yang Yonghong , Pang Xiaoqing , Wen Xiaoyan , Dai Zhengyan
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and the awareness levels regarding cervical diseases among women aged 18–45 in Shijiazhuang city. The objectives were to determine the incidence rates of high-risk HPV infections, analyze the patterns of cervical disease occurrence, and identify the factors influencing awareness within this demographic. A total of 544 women aged 18–45 participated in the study, with 102 testing positive for high-risk HPV infection. A structured questionnaire was administered to evaluate awareness of high-risk HPV and cervical diseases. The survey collected data on infection prevalence, subtype distribution, incidence rates, knowledge levels, and factors affecting awareness related to high-risk HPV infections and cervical health. Among the 544 women screened, 102 (18.75%) were diagnosed with high-risk HPV. HPV-16 emerged as the most prevalent subtype, followed by HPV-52 and HPV-58. Of the positive cases, 38 displayed no signs of intraepithelial neoplasia or malignant lesions, while 38 had atypical squamous epithelium, predominantly associated with HPV-52. Low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia was observed in 15 cases, and high-grade neoplasia was found in 11 cases, both primarily linked to HPV-16. Awareness levels varied, with 87 participants demonstrating low knowledge and 15 showing higher awareness. Logistic regression analysis identified education, occupation, residence, and access to scientific knowledge as significant factors influencing awareness and infection risk (P < .05). The prevalence of high-risk HPV infection among women aged 18–45 in Shijiazhuang city is relatively low, with HPV-16 being the predominant subtype. HPV-16 was strongly associated with cervical epithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer. Targeted educational interventions, particularly for populations with lower education levels and those in rural areas, are recommended to enhance awareness and improve the prevention and control of HPV-related infections and cervical diseases.
Efficacy and safety of switch to bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide from dolutegravir/abacavir/lamivudine: Results from an open-label extension of a phase 3 randomized, double-blind, multicenter, active-controlled, non-inferiority study
Authors: Brar Indira , Ruane Peter J. , Berhe Mezgebe , Brinson Cynthia , Benson Paul , Henry Keith , Liu Hui , Andreatta Kristen , Hindman Jason T. , Ramgopal Moti
Published: February 2025

Background:

The phase 3 randomized, active-controlled GS-US-380-1844 (NCT02603120) study evaluated switching to the single-tablet regimen bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide (B/F/TAF) from dolutegravir (DTG), abacavir (ABC), and lamivudine (3TC) among people with HIV-1. Previously, results from the 48-week double-blind phase showed that switching to B/F/TAF was noninferior to remaining on DTG/ABC/3TC and that B/F/TAF was well tolerated. Here, we show the long-term safety and efficacy of switching to B/F/TAF from DTG/ABC/3TC among people with HIV-1.

Methods:

Participants were virologically suppressed people with HIV-1 (HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL for ≥ 3 months prior to screening) receiving DTG/ABC/3TC at baseline. Participants were randomized 1:1 to switch to B/F/TAF or remain on DTG/ABC/3TC. Following 48 weeks of treatment with B/F/TAF or DTG/ABC/3TC in the double-blind phase, participants had the option to enter an open-label extension phase, during which they received B/F/TAF. Virologic, immunologic, and safety outcomes during treatment with B/F/TAF through the open-label extension up to 168 weeks, including preexisting and treatment-emergent resistance, were analyzed.

Results:

Among 547 participants in the all-B/F/TAF analysis set, virologic suppression (HIV-1 RNA < 50 copies/mL) was maintained in 99% to 100% of participants up to 168 weeks into B/F/TAF treatment, including in those with preexisting resistance; no treatment-emergent resistance was detected. CD4 cell counts remained stable during B/F/TAF treatment, with median (interquartile range) changes from baseline of −17 (−120, 65) cells/µL at week 48 and −9 (−100, 108) cells/µL at week 96. Safety and tolerability findings were consistent with previously reported findings up to week 48; most drug-related adverse events were grade 1 or 2 in severity; no new safety signals were identified.

Conclusion:

Switching to B/F/TAF from DTG/ABC/3TC was associated with continued high rates of virologic suppression up to week 168, with no treatment-emergent resistance. B/F/TAF was well tolerated throughout the study period.
Post-COVID-19 pandemic immunization coverage in Algerian children: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Ghazy Ramy Mohamed , Abadi Alsaleem Mohammed , Salah Assia , Ismail Emad A.A. , Youssef Naglaa , Saleeb Marina , Abonazel Mohamed R. , Gebreal Assem , Elrewany Ehab , Moustafa Noha , Hussein Mai , Fadl Noha
Published: February 2025

Despite significant advancements in worldwide vaccination, the coronavirus 2019 pandemic has disrupted primary care and vaccination programs. This study aimed to assess parents’ attitudes toward compulsory childhood vaccination and the determinants of vaccination acceptance in Algeria based on the Health Belief Model (HBM). Using the snowball and convenience sampling methods, a cross-sectional study was conducted from November 1 to December 15, 2022, among parents with at least 1 child eligible for compulsory vaccination. Data were collected using an online questionnaire with 3 sections: parents’ sociodemographic characteristics, children’s characteristics, and a questionnaire based on the HBM. A total of 391 parents responded to the survey. Among the respondents, 90% believed that compulsory childhood vaccines could effectively protect against infectious diseases and 87.5% reported a scarcity of information available on vaccines. The logistic regression model showed that easy access to healthcare facilities significantly increased vaccine uptake by 98% compared to difficult accessibility (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.02; 95%CI = 0.001–0.12; P < .001). Parents who said no and maybe [i.e., when asked if their children can spread illness to others when not vaccinated] showed significantly lower vaccine uptake by 25.49 (AOR = 25.49; 95%CI = 1.95–470.29; P = .019) and 12.16 (AOR = 12.16; 95%CI = 1.65–111.62; P = .018), respectively when compared to those who answered yes. Parents who reported that vaccines may weaken natural immunity had significantly higher odds of vaccination uptake by 92% than those who answered yes (AOR = 0.08; 95%CI = 0.01–1.26; P = .033). Identifying factors that influence vaccine acceptance can offer policymakers valuable insights for designing strategic intervention programs aimed at increasing acceptance rates.