bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Needs of caregivers of children with cerebral palsy: A literature review
Authors: Eloreidi Rana Mohammed Diab , Kehyayan Vahe , Kalu Frances , Thornton Lisa
Published: May 2021

Background and objective: Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common motor disability that affects two to three children per 1000 worldwide. Caregivers are most often parents of children with CP (CCP) who are responsible for providing primary care. Caregivers of CCP face multiple challenges, such as the manifestation of the disease and difficulty in providing daily care. They also have psychological, social, financial, and informational needs. These needs may be met through participation in support groups. The objective of this paper is to identify the needs of caregivers of CCP and how participation in support groups may meet those needs.Methods: A literature review was conducted to identify relevant articles on the needs of caregivers of CCP. Eleven articles published between 2008 and 2018 on caregivers’ needs were retrieved and their quality was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. The data collected were analyzed to identify key themes related to caregivers’ needs.Results: Four key themes of caregivers’ needs were identified: informational, financial, social, and psychological. Support groups may help caregivers to meet their needs. As caregivers receive their needed support, they will able to improve their role in providing a high quality care for their children.Conclusions: Caregivers of CCP have informational, financial, social, and psychological needs which may be met by membership in support groups. Support groups may potentially increase caregivers’ knowledge, receive the needed support, decrease their level of stress, and improve their quality of life.
Investigation of the Writing Anxiety of Syrian Refugees Learning Turkish as a Foreign Language in Turkey
Authors: Erol Sedat
Published: May 2021

The aim of this study was to determine and investigate the writing anxiety of Syrian refugees learning Turkish as a foreign language in Turkey according to different variables. The study group of the research, in which survey model was used, consisted of 214 Syrian refugees chosen via purposive sampling method and who learn Turkish as a foreign language in Turkey. “Writing Anxiety Scale for Learners of Turkish as a Foreign Language” was used as data gathering tool in the research. In the analysis process, firstly normality test was conducted and it was determined that it indicated normal distribution. Accordingly, t-test was used in pair independent samples, and one-way ANOVA test was used in multi-group comparisons. As a result of the research, it was determined that writing anxiety level of the Syrian refugees learning Turkish as a foreign language (L2) in Turkey, was at medium level and also their writing anxiety was caused by environmental/social factors rather than internal/mental factors. In addition, when the situation was evaluated according to their language levels, it was determined that students at B2 level had the highest level of anxiety; and that using Turkish in social media reduces the action-oriented anxiety of the students. When the participants’ writing anxiety was investigated according to gender, age, and time spent in Turkey it was found that a significant difference was not indicated.
EEPI: instrumento de evaluación de entornos de proximidad para incluir a las personas sin autonomía en Lima
Authors: Cabrera Félix , Cebollada Àngel
Published: May 2021

Para diseñar los entornos de proximidad, se utilizan criterios que provienen de la perspectiva de los profesionales y de experimentos en laboratorio, pero no se ha tenido en cuenta realmente las opiniones de la ciudadanía. Tampoco se han analizado simultáneamente a los diferentes tipos de personas ni se han incluido a los grupos con discapacidad visual y cognitiva. Por ello, para evaluar los espacios urbanos, desde una perspectiva holística e inclusiva, se presenta el instrumento EEPI que puede ser empleado en edificaciones, aceras, plazas y cruceros peatonales. Se caracteriza por incorporar a niños, niñas, adultos mayores y personas con discapacidad (motriz, visual y cognitiva); escuchar su voz; provenir de un enfoque mixto; ser útil y fácil de aplicar y transferir, e incluir criterios físicos, personales y sociales. Además, cuenta con dos niveles —planificación y gestión— y, como todo instrumento, es totalmente perfectible y puede dar cabida a otros aspectos.
Relación entre el rendimiento académico y la condición indígena de los estudiantes chilenos en pruebas estandarizadas
Authors: Saavedra Vallejos Esteban
Published: May 2021

En dos regiones de Chile aproximadamente un tercio de la población es indígena y sus estudiantes se ven en problemas a la hora de aprender en las escuelas, debido a que no se contempla su idioma, su cosmovisión ni su episteme. Debido a esta circunstancia, se plantean tres objetivos específicos para evidenciar si existe una relación entre el porcentaje de estudiantes indígenas matriculados en un establecimiento educacional y el rendimiento promedio de las escuelas en las pruebas estandarizadas nacionales. El método empleado es cuantitativo ex post facto, con un diseño no experimental transeccional y correlacional. Los resultados muestran que existe una correlación negativa entre los resultados obtenidos en pruebas estandarizadas de matemáticas y lenguaje con el porcentaje de estudiantes indígenas de los establecimientos educacionales; el factor étnico explica un porcentaje del resultado en pruebas estandarizadas, y los establecimientos educacionales con baja proporción de estudiantes indígenas obtienen resultados significativamente más elevados en pruebas estandarizadas que los que cuentan con una alta proporción de estudiantes indígenas. En conclusión, los establecimientos educacionales que muestran una alta concentración de estudiantes indígenas obtienen resultados académicos más bajos que los que cuentan con una baja concentración de estudiantes indígenas en las dos macrozonas de Chile con mayor porcentaje de población indígena.
ELECTRONIC HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT: A RESEARCH IN SYRIAN REFUGEE COMPANIES IN TURKEY
Authors: Uygur N. Gokce , Gunaltay Ayse , Rudnák Ildikó
Published: May 2021

Along with the digital world, business management models adapt to this area and reshape their processes according to this century. This digital shaping no longer appears only in marketing departments but also human resources are at the center of this digitalized world. In this era where human structure and behavioral patterns have changed, that is, people become digital, human resources positioning themselves in this field is now a necessity rather than a difference. In this study, the change experienced in human resources management functions and applications with the effect of technology in time has been mentioned. The types of E-Human Resources Management applications that emerged with the changes in information and communication technologies are explained in terms of their functions in the business and the effects of the transformation of human resources functions on business outputs are examined. The application for the test conducted revealed positive effects in the area. This study aimed to find out the role of e-HRM in Syrian refugee companies which are established in Turkey. In addition, aimed to examine e-HRM process adaptation in refugees companies and how to carry out services for them. This study is designed to improve
the general findings and recommendations of the electronic human resources management. Another mail goal is to shed some light on how Syrian refugee companies react to these new components and their improvement. Beside that, this article cannot provide a comprehensive report on the numerous activities in Turkey. The report highlights some management mechanisms in Syrian refugee companies regarding to e-HRM. In this study, qualitative research technique is used. According to the information obtained from open-ended and in-depth interview questions directed to the participants; E-HRM reduces the costs that organizations spend on HR functions. Effective time management and enabling data banking are prominent motivator factors. In addition to these positive outcomes, it plays a role in increasing mutual communication between the employee and the organization. Under the light of this information, HRM once again confirms that it is an important strategic partner in supporting the organization’s strategies through technology investments.
VISUAL MANAGEMENT AS AN ELEMENT OF IMPROVING WORK SAFETY IN MODERN INDUSTRY. PART 1
Authors: Małysa Tomasz , Furman Joanna
Published: May 2021

The article presents the possibility of using Visual Management (VM) – the one of tools of the Lean Management (LM) concept in the aspect of improving safety in the work environment. The implementation of visual management can become a more effective way of communication between participants of the work process. The implementation of visual information in the form of pictograms, instructions, charts, schedules, which will be understood by all employees – can translate into increased awareness in the field of occupational health and safety. The study presents the possibility of using various forms of visual management in three
areas, i.e. safety in the production hall, safety in the workplace and OHS training.
VISUAL MANAGEMENT AS AN ELEMENT OF IMPROVING WORK SAFETY – EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE IMPLEMENTED SOLUTIONS. PART 2
Authors: Małysa Tomasz , Furman Joanna
Published: May 2021

Ensuring work safety is one of the key elements of the functioning of any enterprise. This study is the second part of the article devoted to the possibility of using visual management in the implementation of preventive measures aimed at improving work safety. Visual Management (VM) is one of the tools of the Lean Management (LM) concept, and its effective implementation facilitates the communication process between participants of the work process. The use of solutions such as: pictograms, instructions, charts, sound and light signs translates into an increase in awareness of the issues of occupational health and safety, and
thus constitutes an effective solution in the field of implemented OHS prevention. The study presents an assessment of the effectiveness of the implemented solutions as part of VM to reduce potentially accidental events. For this purpose, the existing hazards were identified and the occupational risk was assessed before and after the implementation of Visual Management.
Modelowe badania mikrobiomu świń według koncepcji wspólnego zdrowia „One Health” ludzi i zwierząt
Authors: Satora Marta , Rząsa Anna , Rypuła Krzysztof , Płoneczka-Janeczko Katarzyna
Published: May 2021

Streszczenie

Mikrobiom człowieka pod względem liczebności bakterii przewyższa liczbę komórek ludzkiego organizmu. Określany jest jako dodatkowy, „zapomniany narząd” i odgrywa podstawową rolę w utrzymaniu wysokiego statusu zdrowotnego, co jest uwarunkowane zachowaniem pożądanych proporcji i naturalnych relacji między bakteriami a komórkami organizmu gospodarza. Nowe metody diagnostyczne umożliwiają profilowanie nie tylko mikrobiomu człowieka, ale i zwierząt gospodarskich. Coraz szersze zastosowanie w badaniach mikrobiomu ma innowacyjna metoda analityczna, jaką jest sekwencjonowanie nowej generacji NGS (next generation sequencig). Wiele bakterii określa się jako „niehodowalne” lub „niemożliwe do wyhodowania”, metagenomika odegrała istotną rolę w poznaniu tych bakterii, a także przyczyniła się do opracowania nowych pożywek, umożliwiających ich hodowlę. Głównym zastosowaniem NGS w mikrobiologii jest zastąpienie konwencjonalnej charakterystyki patogenów, opartej o ocenę morfologii, właściwości barwienia i cech metabolicznych, ich opisem związanym z genomem. Istnieje kilka platform, tj. „narzędzi diagnostycznych” wykorzystujących zróżnicowane technologie sekwencjonowania DNA m.in. Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine (PGM), Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) oraz Illumina MiSeq. Badania mikrobiomu trzody chlewnej z wykorzystaniem nowoczesnych technologii sekwencjonowania wydają się więc szczególnie istotne w związku ze zbliżającymi się nieuchronnie zmianami w postępowaniu profilaktycznym i terapeutycznym u zwierząt. Analizy tego typu umożliwiają wnikliwą ocenę wpływu określonych czynników na populacje drobnoustrojów jelitowych oraz poznanie, jak „kształtować” skład mikrobiomu w celu poprawy jakości chowu i utrzymania prawidłowego statusu zdrowotnego świń, wpisując się w koncepcję wspólnego zdrowia ludzi i zwierząt.
A New Family of Exponential Type Estimators in the Presence of Non-Response
Authors: Unal Ceren , Kadilar Cem
Published: May 2021

We propose families of estimators for the population mean using an exponential function in case of non-response. This situation is examined under two cases, Case I and II. The bias, MSE and minimum MSE are separately obtained for both cases. We compare the proposed estimators theoretically with the main estimators from the literature, such as Hansen and Hurwitz (1946), ratio, regression and exponential estimators. The conditions for which the proposed estimators are most efficient are obtained. Moreover, different empirical studies are conducted to support the theoretical results for both cases.
Infirmière de recherche clinique en oncologie : revue exploratoire
Authors: Hong Mai , Hayden K. Alix , Raffin Bouchal Shelley , Sinclair Shane
Published: May 2021

En ce 21e siècle, le cancer est une maladie qui suscite particulièrement l’attention en raison de sa complexité ainsi que des impacts physiques, émotionnels et financiers sur notre vie. L’attention portée à la recherche et les investissements dans le traitement contre le cancer en font la maladie la plus étudiée dans les essais cliniques à l’échelle mondiale. Les infirmières de recherche clinique font partie de l’équipe de recherche en oncologie et sont un élément fondamental de réussite des essais. Leurs relations directes avec les participants d’une étude de recherche sont essentielles pour les activités des essais cliniques en première ligne. De façon générale, l’afflux et la complexité des essais cliniques en oncologie ont transformé la pratique infirmière en oncologie et ont mené à la création de la sous-spécialité unique qu’est l’infirmière de recherche clinique en oncologie. La présente revue exploratoire s’est penchée sur le rôle et la pratique futurs de l’infirmière de recherche clinique.
“Lhaka Honhat Association v. Argentina”: Landmark decision on direct justiciability of Article 26 ACHR and the autonomous right to a healthy environment
Authors: Carstens Margret
Published: May 2021

The Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR), after 28 years of conflict with the Argentine state, finally ruled in favor of the rights of the indigenous communities of Salta, Argentina. The Court condemned Argentina for violating the right of these indigenous communities to their cultural identity, a healthy environment, and adequate food and water. The Court ordered specific action in Argentina for the restitution of those rights, including urgently needed access to food and water, reforestation and the recovery of indigenous culture. Lhaka Honhat is a landmark judgment for the IACtHR sets a precedent concerning the direct justiciability of Article 26 of the American Convention on Human Rights (ACHR). This is the first ruling by this Court to independently analyze the human right to a healthy environment. “Lhaka Honhat” establishes clearer rules for State actions concerning the principle of prevention of environmental damage caused by private individuals and establishes guidelines for restitution and compensation for the violation of indigenous (collective) rights when their natural resources are affected. A more comprehensive reading of the scope of protection under Article 26 in future court cases is likely.
Association Mapping for Improving Fiber Quality in Upland Cottons
Authors: Hayat Khezir , Bardak Adem , Mehboob-ur-Rahman  , Muhammad Imran Hafiz , Ahmad Furqan , Parlak Donay , Azam Muhammad , Usmaan Muhammad , Adnan Muhammad , Anjum Sidra , Sohail Ahmad Khan Rao
Published: May 2021

Improved fiber yield is considered a constant goal of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) breeding worldwide, but the understanding of the genetic basis controlling yield-related traits remains limited. Dissecting the genetic architecture of complex traits is an ongoing challenge for geneticists. Two complementary approaches for genetic mapping, linkage mapping and association mapping have led to successful dissection of complex traits in many crop species. Both of these methods detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) by identifying marker–trait associations, and the only fundamental difference between them is that between mapping populations, which directly determine mapping resolution and power. Nowadays, the availability of genomic tools and resources is leading to a new revolution of plant breeding, as they facilitate the study of the genotype and its relationship with the phenotype, in particular for complex traits. Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies are allowing the mass sequencing of genomes and transcriptomes, which is producing a vast array of genomic information with the development of high-throughput genotyping, phenotyping will be a major challenge for genetic mapping studies. We believe that high-quality phenotyping and appropriate experimental design coupled with new statistical models will accelerate progress in dissecting the genetic architecture of complex traits.
Plant Breeding and Microbiome
Authors: Eduardo Contreras-Liza Sergio
Published: May 2021

In this review, references to the use of microorganisms in the process of plant domestication, genetic improvement, and production of traditional and improved varieties have been identified. The domestication process may have had an adverse impact on the composition and functions of the associated microbiota and the microbiota associated with plants influences multiple regulatory processes of plants that together define their phenotype. According to scientific evidence, to increase agricultural production and the sustainability of production systems, future research should develop breeding methods that optimize the symbiosis between plants and microorganisms, to produce new plant phenotypes that result in the production of enough food to meet the needs of the human population.
Biologicals in Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Samudrala Suvarna
Published: May 2021

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a debilitating condition, and its management in both children and adults can be challenging for clinicians and patients alike. The current treatment options approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have variable efficacies, and long-term adverse effects, which further complicate the plan of management. There has been considerable progress towards the use of targeted medicines like biologicals and small molecular agents for atopic dermatitis. Various molecules targeting the TH2 pathway, JAK/STAT pathway, cAMP, IL-22, Il-12/IL-23 and IgE, have been developed, and are being studied extensively in both adults and pediatric patients of atopic dermatitis. Currently, only Dupilumab is approved by the FDA for the treatment of moderate to severe refractory atopic dermatitis. The other biological agents are currently in phase 2 or phase 3 trials. There is a paucity of multicentric, large-scale studies on the above drugs, along with a lack of comparative studies with the existing modalities of treatment. Therefore, more studies with a larger sample size and longer follow up periods are needed to determine their efficacy and long-term safety profiles. Overall, these agents are likely to be a part of the therapeutic armamentarium for atopic dermatitis in the near future.
Rural Development and Rural Tourism: The Impact of Infrastructure Investments
Authors: Almeida António , Pinto Machado Luiz
Published: May 2021

Rural and peripheral development is still a matter of concern in several western countries. Depopulation, low density of business activities, younger people emigration and better-qualified individuals feeling that such regions have been abandoned by the government, and incapable of moving on, are among the key indicators to “understand” rural and peripheral areas. Rural tourism has long been understood as an effective catalyst of change in depressed and deprived (of entrepreneurial capacity) areas and to explore a unique set of amenities. Because of funds directed to help private investment projects in rural tourism facilities, most peripheral areas are now relatively well endowed with key infrastructures. Nevertheless, the tourism lead approach produced mixed results due to low levels of demand in some areas and lack of a cooperative behavior among providers to maximize the opportunities offered by the wide range of attractions. In this paper, we investigate to what extent investments in infrastructure helped the rural tourism sector to attract more visitors in Madeira. Based on the panel-data approach, this paper provides insights to analyze the development path of rural tourism in Madeira and to explores how local policy makers may be the “missing link” needed to improve the sector prospects based on tangible and intangible amenities.
Will CSF Diversion in Patients with Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH) Lead to Long-Lasting Shunt Dependency?
Authors: Lundar Tryggve , Johan Due-Tønnessen Bernt
Published: May 2021

Long-term shunt dependency rates in patients treated for IIH with CSF diversion have not been established. We therefore present our experience with 5 children shunted for IIH during the years 1984–2000 with very long-time follow-up. Three out of these patients have experienced late or very late episodes of severe shunt failure during the second or third decade after initial shunt treatment. They were all boys and may not be representative for IIH patients as a whole. Three of them appear, however, to be permanently shunt dependent, indicating that long-term shunt-dependency in children treated for IIH with CSF diversion may be more common than previously expected.
Building Pre-Service Teacher Capabilities through Remote and Flexible Placement - A New Narrative
Authors: Jayne Bradbury Ondine , Stewart Tatainia , Barker Anabelle , Rowe Jessica
Published: May 2021

Within practical placements, Australian pre-service teachers acquire a range of skills and strategies. This is in addition to linking the theory that they acquire at university to that in the classroom context. In 2020, to ensure that the pre-service teachers in education courses continue this practical component of their degree, remote and flexible placements were negotiated between the schools and the university. These changes were embedded in order for pre-service teachers to work with schools, students and mentors and they did so from within their homes. This chapter focuses on the experiences from three pre-service teachers during their time on practicum in remote and flexible contexts. A case study approach was applied to analyse each individual’s experiences. The case studies highlight the commonalities in experiences for each individual pre-service teacher. Upon analysis of these case studies, these commonalities included implications around how these capabilities were being formed and developed throughout the placement. These capabilities included inference, deduction, pivoting and empathy. These common capabilities across the pre-service teacher’s experiences, during their remote and flexible placement, highlight the need for a new narrative around the emerging skills, strategies and capabilities for teacher education in the 21st Century.
Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cerebellar Neurons: From Development to Modeling Cerebellar Ataxias
Authors: Deleanu Roxana
Published: May 2021

The most affected cell types in cerebellar ataxias are the cerebellar neurons, which are not readily accessible for cellular and molecular investigation. Pluripotent stem cell (PSC) technology has emerged as an important tool for generating diverse types of neurons, which are used in order to better understand the human nervous system development and pathologies. In this chapter, the strategies for the differentiation of human PSCs toward cerebellar neurons are overviewed, followed by an outlook of their further optimization and diversification by implementing the knowledge from cerebellar development and new cell culture approaches. The optimization stategies are based on the recent progress made in defining the cell populations in mature and developing mouse and human cerebellum. The cellular phenotypes and organization in mouse and human cerebellum are briefly presented, followed by an overview of our current knowledge about their development, which includes pattering, proliferation, neurogenesis, gliogenesis, migration, connectivity and maturation. To date, however, relatively few studies have used induced PSCs (iPSCs) to model cerebellar ataxias and even fewer have looked directly to cerebellar neurons. The reported iPSC-derived in vitro models for cerebellar ataxias are reviewed, followed by an outlook of how to improve these models by generating and exporing the cerebellar neurons.
Effect of Trace Elements Accumulation on Mangrove Ecosystem and Their Interaction with Humic Substances: The Case of Nickel and Iron
Authors: de Oliveira Barbirato Juliano , C. Ferreira Natália , B. Dobbss Leonardo
Published: May 2021

Mangroves are areas of permanent preservation, but anthropogenic interference in this ecosystem (for example the launching of pollutants from industrial, mining, fertilizer by farmers, sewage) is increasing startlingly. Preserve and look for ways to bioremediate mangroves is fundamental, since these maintain the productivity of coastal ecosystems and is thus regarded as a natural nursery. The need to study the mangroves has been growing in recent years, particularly in respect to the environmental characteristics of this ecosystem. This chapter aimed to draw a parallel between the damage that can be caused by the trace elements nickel and iron on the mangrove ecosystem, more specifically affecting the nutrition of mangrove plants, in addition to showing possible effects of the interaction of these metals with humic substances of organic matter acting on the mitigation of stresses caused to the ecosystem under study. Through surveys of the information covered in this chapter, it can be observed that the presence of trace elements such as Iron and Nickel at high levels can cause eminent stress to the plant structure within the scope of its sedimentary physiology and biochemistry. It is necessary to subsidize further studies so that it is explicit and approved by the scientific community that, this environment, which is sensitive and important, the basis for various trophic levels, needs greater attention from government officials for its preservation, as well as the restoration of those many mangroves that are polluted by being close to urban places, receiving an exacerbated supply of pollutants.
Common Congenital Neural Tube Anomalies: Epidemiology, Classification, Management and Outcome
Authors: Hossein Khosravi Mohammad , Najafian Bita
Published: May 2021

The prevalence of Congenital central nervous system (CNS) anomalies, including those of the brain and spinal cord, is 3 to 6% in stillbirth and 0.14 to 0.16% in live births. Holoprosencephaly, spina bifida, anencephaly, and encephalocele are major neural tube defects (NTD) encountered in clinical practice. Proper management and diagnosis of these conditions mandate a good understanding of their etiology and classification. Research is being conducted to investigate the etiopathogenesis and treatment of these anomalies. In this chapter, we have reviewed the clinical and pathological aspects of the major NTDs and the latest principles of their management.
Health Care Associated Infections (HCAIs) a New Threat for World; U-Turn from Recovery to Death
Authors: Noor Ayesha , Raza Ishaq Ali , Jafri Laila , Jabeen Faiza , Rani Rehana , Hafeez Kiani Bushra , Akhtar Nosheen , Javed Zeeshan , Younis Tahira , Jalal Fatima
Published: May 2021

Health care associated infections also termed as nosocomial infections are notable cause of morbidity and mortality especially in resource limited countries like Pakistan. Newborns and aged people have more probability of being infected by Health care associated infections because of immunosuppressant. Central line associated blood stream infections (CLABSI) are considered as one of the promising negotiator associated with Health Care associated infections. Improper health care setting and unaware medical staff play a championship protagonist in prevalence of health care associated infections. Standard hygienic measures should be adopted to reduce risk of Health care associated infections. So, there is a pressing need to take on control policies by Government to handle this dilemma. This chapter gives new intuition to healthcare associated microbes, infections and provides comprehensive detailed on ironic precaution to scientific community.
FDI and Its Impact on Trade in the East Asian Transition Economies
Authors: Jin Kang Sung , Ju Lee Seon
Published: May 2021

As globalization and trade liberalization have increased integration of the world economy through financial and trade flows, the role of FDI and trade on economic growth is becoming more influential. This paper investigates the impact of FDI on trade of the East Asian economic transition countries, namely the China, Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Vietnam, employing FDI flow and FDI stock data separately. The data from these four countries during the period 1990–2019 have been collected, and OLS and panel within fixed effect estimators are utilized. The main findings show that, first, when estimated using FDI flow as independent variable, there exists complementary effect between FDI and trade, and the coefficients are significant except for Cambodia. Second, when estimated using FDI stock as independent variable, the impact of FDI decreases and even substitutability effect is found in China at significant level. Third, in both cases, the coefficient of FDI is shown positive and significant in Vietnam. In addition, the paper finds the effects of human capital, GDP, and WTO accession on trade are positive, while the effects of exchange rate, financial development, and tariff rate vary among the East Asian economic transition countries.
Breeding for Drought Resistance
Authors: Ranjith Pamirelli , Srinivasa Rao Madasu
Published: May 2021

Drought is the most severe abiotic stresses in many parts of the world and is one of the major problems in present-day climatic scenario. Drought tolerant varieties are with high demand which seems to be a great challenging task to plant breeders however difficulties are combined by the difficulty of crop yield on the genetic and physiological bases. Drought resistance may be defined as the mechanism(s) causing minimum loss of the yield in a drought environment relative to the maximum yield in a constant-free of optimal environment for the crop. Several researchers explained the plant reaction to drought through drought escape, dehydration avoidance, and/or dehydration tolerance mechanisms. Drought stress decreases size of the leaves, stem extension and root proliferation inside the soil, it also disturbs plant water relations and reduces water-use efficiency ultimately reduces the yielding ability of the plant so, breeding for Drought resistance is a good approach, following different breeding strategies and approaches to develop a drought resistant variety combining both conventional and molecular approaches. Considering the parameters like root morphology studies, proline estimation, leaf rolling etc., Selection based on a comprehensive approach of testing might be more effective in breeding better drought-tolerant cultivars.
Adsorption-Based Atmospheric Water Harvesting: Technology Fundamentals and Energy-Efficient Adsorbents
Authors: Sultan Muhammad , Bilal Muhammad , Miyazaki Takahiko , Sajjad Uzair , Ahmad Fiaz
Published: May 2021

Nowadays, atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) became very essential to provide fresh potable water. This technique is in practice since 1900 (US661944A) by Edger S. Belden. Atmospheric water is a source of freshwater with 13000 trillion liters availability of water at any time and can be utilized in overcoming water shortage, especially in arid and rural areas. It holds up the water molecules in the form of vapors and accounts for adding 10% of all freshwater present on the earth. Mainly, the two most common methods have been used for the extraction of atmospheric water. First, the ambient air is cooled below the dew point temperature, and second in which the moisture in atmospheric air is adsorbed/absorbed using desiccant materials. Conventional vapor compression, thermoelectric cooling, dew, and fog water harvesting based systems/technologies possess some limits in terms of energy requirements, less efficiency, and high cost. However, the adsorption based AWH technology is relatively cheaper, environment friendly, and can be operated by a low-grade thermal energy source. The limited availability of commercial instruments to harvest atmospheric water using adsorbents indicates a lack of fundamental studies. The fundamental research on water adsorption, adsorption kinetics, regeneration conditions, and water collecting surface designs has not gained as much interest as required in the field of atmospheric water harvesting. In this regard, this book chapter discusses and presents the progress in the field of adsorbent materials and system designs along with the future directions to accelerate the commercialization of this technology.
Meat Borne Diseases
Authors: Alewy Almashhadany Dhary
Published: May 2021

Red and white meat is a perfect, high-quality protein that comprises all of the nine essential amino acids (EAAs) that cannot be synthesized endogenously. Meat is the normal source of this vitamin, as well as other types of vitamins. Meat affords a range of significant vitamins and minerals that the human body needs, many of which are more bioavailable and easily absorbed than the nutrients found in plant sources. The nutrients in meat support the immune system, participate in the formation of muscle tissue, red blood cells (RBCs), and hormones, and warranty accurate functioning of the nervous system. These nutrients also affect the human senses of smell and taste, benefit our thyroids, and support antioxidant production. The main sources of pathogens in meat and meat products are; the animal itself; human handlers; equipment’s in contact, environmental sources, and water used in the preparation. Meat Borne Diseases, since ancient times, played a central role in public health. This chapter is divided into nine parts, part one to part eight deals with the most important pathogens that have been associated with meat borne diseases (MBDs), these include, Meat Borne Prionic Diseases; Viral Diseases; Bacterial Diseases; Protozoal Diseases; Parasitic Diseases; Fungal Diseases; Mycotoxins; Rickettsial Diseases; while the nine-part deal with the methods of meat preservation and storage.
The Limit to the Density of Species (A Reflection on Human Intervention in Conservation and Its Effects)
Authors: Fernando Basanta Reyes Luis , Calderón Carrasco Manuel , Rodríguez Martín Ángel
Published: May 2021

Human actions on the natural environment cannot always be considered as impacts resulting from their behavior to survive. Many of these activities have caused irreversible damage and changes in the landscape, flora, and fauna. By contrast, several actions, carried out “a priori” with the best intention, to help in the conservation of species considered in danger, have caused a dangerous decompensation. Aid for the recovery of some species of birds has led to their overpopulation. The artificial contributions of food, always in the same places, have caused an excessive increase in the number of griffon vultures (Gyps fulvus), which has produced the reduction of other endangered species, such as the black stork (Ciconia nigra) and the Bonelli’s eagle (Aquila fasciata), which have been displaced from the rocks in which they nested due to the harassment of a greater number of vultures. Besides, vultures are attacking domestic livestock at the most defenseless times, such as during calving. Greater flamingo (Phoenicopterus roseus) has become out of control in numbers in Europe. The two classic breeding areas, La Camargue (France) and La Laguna de Fuente de Piedra (Spain) have produced an enormous annual number of individuals that are distributed among the few lagoons of Mediterranean Europe. The wetlands are devastated by the flamingo, which removes the mud and prevents sunlight from reaching the underwater vegetation, turning these lagoons into dead water, having to be abandoned (temporarily) by most aquatic species, including the flamingo. The shortage of food resources of natural origin, for such a disproportionate number, has caused the flamingo to invade the rice fields, accepting its grain as a substitute for the invertebrates that it habitually consumed, and which are now scarce. The same is the case with the white stork (Ciconia ciconia) in southern Europe. The increase in their population has reduced the number of reptiles and amphibians, bringing several of their species to the brink of extinction. Storks have varied their prey spectrum, consuming carrion, and preying on Montagu’s harrier (Circus pygargus) brood. In these cases, and many others, the theory of “the more the better” is not valid. If we want to make the protection of some species compatible with the conservation of others, it seems necessary to redirect some situations …
Global Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Public Health Supply Chains
Authors: Gladys Okafor Ukamaka , Aderonke Olaleye Modinat , Chukwuemeka Asobara Hillary , Fidelis Umeodinka Ebuka
Published: May 2021

Health commodity supply chains are vital to a well-functioning health system and advancing national and regional health security goals. This study describes impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on these chains, learnings from it and the challenges faced by countries. It also provides futuristic strategic recommendations for the building of the supply chain to manage the impacts and guide pandemic responsiveness. We used the PRISMA guideline for systematic review to collate relevant information from both published and unpublished literature. Out of 622 screened records, 38 were included in the review. Major impacts were innovation, collaboration, increased technology, research and development, increased prices and shortage of health products, depletion of supply chain personnel. Challenges were lack of visibility, coordination, resilience and strategy for pandemics, potential substandard medicines epidemic, travel restrictions and inadequate scientific knowledge. The studies recommended increased local production and resilience of supply chains. The pandemic disrupted national and international supply chain systems of medical devices, essential medicines and pharmaceutical products due to border closures, transportation and international trade restrictions. It however exposed hidden potentials in Sub-Saharan Africa. There is need to develop supply chain strategy for emergencies, increase local production and talent pool for supply chain management particularly in Africa.
Organizational Culture: A Systems Approach
Authors: Nold Herbert , Michel Lukas
Published: May 2021

The influence of organizational culture on performance is increasingly being recognized as a major force driving success in the 21st Century. Many models for organizational culture are widely employed by consultants worldwide. A fundamental weakness in most existing culture models is that they view culture as a stand-alone element within the organization. Accordingly, the tools used to provide insight to executives focus on the culture to the exclusion of other dynamic, interrelated, forces within the organization. We believe that this stand-alone view of culture contributes to the high failure rate of efforts to change the culture. This chapter introduces the Performance Triangle Model as a holistic approach to view organizational culture as part of an intricate, dynamic, interrelated triad of culture, leadership, and systems. We will describe the Performance Triangle and many underlying dimensions that comprise the triad and chart the emergence and development of the model. The later parts of the chapter will discuss practical applications that have been proven using a statistically validated diagnostic instrument that enable executives to recognize what is going in in their organizations then take effective, quick, targeted action. The PTM approach helps executive design agile organizations fit for the 21st Century.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Evidence-Based Approaches to Effectively Respond to Public Health Emergencies
Authors: Yan Wong Lap , Kit Yip Chun , Shen Tan Dao , Lim Ling Wai
Published: May 2021

Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques have been commonly used to track, predict early warning, forecast trends, and model and measure public health responses. Statistics have traditionally been used to track public health crises. AI-enabled methods, such as machine learning and deep learning–based models, have exploded in popularity recently, complementing statistical approaches. A wide range of medical fields have used various well-developed deep learning algorithms. Surveillance of public health emergencies is one region that has gained greatly from AI advancements in recent years. One of the examples of effectively reacting to public health emergencies is the need for developing AI evidence-based approaches to public health strategies for the scientific community’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Building Community and Fostering Health and Well-Being through a Collaborative School Based Project
Authors: O. Asojo Abimbola , Vo Hoa , Bae Suyeon , Hetherington Chelsea , Cronin Sarah , Myers Judy
Published: May 2021

This article presents lessons learned from collaborative service-learning projects aimed at bridging the gap between theory and practice by providing students design experiences in authentic settings. Interior design students gained disciplinary and civic benefits while problem solving for a preK-5 elementary school calming room, dining room, and teacher sanctuary. The elementary school teachers and staff reported the redesigned calming room supported students’ emotional and self-regulation skills. Teachers and staff also reported the dining room and teacher sanctuary supported the school community well-being. The authors’ present findings and hope the article can serve as a model for educators interested in community building service-learning projects in school environments.
Geopolymer Concrete under Ambient Curing
Authors: Indhumathi Anbarasan M. , Sanjaiyan S.R. , Nagan Soundarapandiyan S.
Published: May 2021

Geopolymer concrete (GPC) has significant potential as a more sustainable alternative for ordinary Portland cement concrete. GPC had been introduced to reduce carbon footprints and thereby safeguarding environment. This emerging eco friendly construction product finds majority of its application in precast and prefabricated structures due to the special curing conditions required. Sustained research efforts are being taken to make the product suitable for in situ applications. The developed technology will certainly address the issues of huge energy consumption as well reduce water use which is becoming scarce nowadays. Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) a by-product of iron industries in combination with fly ash has proved to give enhanced strength, durability as well reduced setting time. This study investigates the effect of GGBS as partial replacement of fly ash in the manufacture of GPC. Cube and cylindrical specimens were cast and subjected to ambient curing as well to alternate wetting-drying cycles. The 28 day compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength and density of GPC specimens were found. The study revealed increase in compressive strength, split tensile strength, density as well flexural strength up to 40 percent replacement of fly ash by GGBS.
Enhanced Liposuction for Arms
Authors: Selamioglu Engin , Karacaoglu Ercan
Published: May 2021

Arm contouring is a desired goal of the arm esthetics. Brachioplasty is a developing and safe surgery to improve the arm silhouette but scar is a one of the most distracting factor for both patients and surgeons. In this chapter conventional liposuction with laser assisted liposuction (LAL) is proposed to yield satisfactory results in selected group of patients. Classification systems are helpful to decide for proper patient selection for this technique. It includes assessment of fat excess, skin excess, and location of the deformity (proximal, entire arm, arm and chest). Patients with minimal to extensive fat deposits plus minimal to moderate skin laxity are the best candidates for this approach. When properly performed, with realistic expectations, liposuction and LAL combination is considerably a procedure of choice for arm contouring in these selected cases. The contraction of arm skin is considerably consistent. Our approach, except in the most extreme cases, is to initially recommend liposuction and possibly even a second liposuction prior to recommending brachioplasty. An esthetically pleasant result can be obtained even in massive arms with good skin tone. Massive arms with poor skin tone, however, may not. Patient selection and preoperative planning are discussed in detail. A thorough description for patient positioning and anesthesia options are studied. The technique of the liposuction is widely described including specific regional contour goals with artistic attention to enhance the contour. Refinement regarding skin tightening and skin surface smoothness are also discussed. Arm contouring is a growing field of body contouring and can be practiced with low complication rates and high patient satisfaction. Available classification systems help to select proper patient group. Laser assisted fat removal combined with conventional liposuction are promising procedures for selected patients.
Estimation de la population de Tortues vertes (Chelonia mydas (Linnaeus, 1758)) par photo-identification le long de la côte Caraïbe en Martinique
Authors: LIEBART Manon , BLOT Laura , BOUDY Claire , FEUNTEUN Aurore , DUPORGE Nathalie , SAFI Morjane , MONTGOLFIER Benjamin de
Published: May 2021

Chez la Tortue verte (Chelonia mydas (Linnaeus, 1758)), la plupart des estimations d’abondance reposent sur une phase du cycle, la nidification. Or, le suivi des tendances démographiques chez les juvéniles s’avère essentiel pour mettre en œuvre des mesures de gestion précoces. Dans cette étude, nous avons effectué une estimation de l’abondance des Tortues vertes juvéniles présentes le long de la côte Caraïbe en Martinique. Les données ont été récoltées sur six mois (de janvier à juillet 2019), sur la base du modèle capture-marquage-recapture par photo-identification. Nous avons d’abord estimé l’abondance pour chaque anse prospectée (n = 17) après avoir caractérisé leur population à l’aide du logiciel Close-Test. En fonction des analyses, les modèles de Schnabel, Schumacher-Eschmeyer, Lincoln-Peterson ou Jolly-Seber ont été utilisés. Nous en avons ensuite déduit l’abondance pour l’ensemble de l’île, estimée à 150 tortues [93-396] avec une forte fidélité de ces dernières aux sites d’alimentation. La taille des individus a également été notée et des tendances sur la répartition des individus ont été mises en évidence.