bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENILAIAN MODUL GRADING MATERI POLA DASAR BADAN
Authors: Maysella Dinda , Rawiyah Lubis Harsuyanti , Lutfia Zahra Eneng
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penilaian terhadap Modul Grading Materi Pola Dasar Badan. Penilaian dilakukan oleh Panelis Ahli Materi dan Ahli Media. Metode penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Pre-Experimental dengan desain One Shoot Case Study. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah Kuantitatif Deskriptif. Prosedur pengumpulan data melalui tahap penyebaran angket (kuisioner) tertutup-terbuka kepada Panelis Ahli. Penilaian menggunakan teori karakteristik modul yang baik meliputi aspek Self Intructional (dapat dipelajari secara mandiri), Self Contained (materi utuh dan runtut), Stand Alone (berdiri sendiri), Adaptive (adaptif) dan User Friendly (bersahabat), serta teori elemen mutu modul meliputi aspek Format, Organisasi, Daya Tarik, Bentuk dan Huruf, Ruang (Spasi Kosong) dan Konsistensi. Hasil penelitian penilaian Modul Grading Materi Pola Dasar Badan berdasarkan karakteristik modul yang baik didapati 90% dengan nilai tertinggi pada aspek Stand Alone dan nilai terendah pada aspek Self Contained. Sedangkan berdasarkan elemen mutu modul didapati hasil 85% dengan nilai tertinggi pada aspek Daya Tarik dan nilai terendah pada aspek Organisasi. Secara keseluruhan Modul Grading Materi Pola Dasar Badan mendapat nilai 87,25%.Kata Kunci : Penilaian, Modul, Grading Pola Dasar Badan
Environmental impact of metals resulting from military training activities : a review
Authors: Barker Amanda , Clausen Jay , Douglas Thomas , Bednar Anthony , Griggs Christopher , Martin William
Published: February 2022

The deposition of metals into the environment as a result of military training activities remains a longterm concern for Defense organizations across the globe. Of particular concern for deposition and potential mobilization are antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and tungsten (W), which are the focus of this review article. The fate, transport, and mobilization of these metals are complicated and depend on a variety of environmental factors that are often convoluted, heterogeneous, and site dependent. While there have been many studies investigating contaminant mobilization on military training lands there exists a lack of cohesiveness surrounding the current state of knowledge for these five metals. The focus of this review article is to compile the current knowledge of the fate, transport, and ultimate risks presented by metals associated with different military training activities particularly as a result of small arms training activities, artillery/mortar ranges, battleruns, rocket ranges, and grenade courts. From there, we discuss emerging research results and finish with suggestions of where future research efforts and training range designs could be focused toward further reducing the deposition, limiting the migration, and decreasing risks presented by metals in the environment. Additionally, information presented here may offer insights into Sb, As, Cu, Pb, and W in other environmental settings.
Approaches to identify and monitor for potential acid sulfate soils in an ecological restoration context
Authors: Berkowitz Jacob , VanZomeren Christine
Published: February 2022

Potential acid sulfate soils include materials with the capacity to generate acidity under certain environmental conditions. As such, these soils can pose challenges to ecological restoration projects occurring in wetlands and nearshore environments. To provide guidance for ecosystem restoration practitioners, the following technical note describes acid sulfate soil formation and distribution and then describes techniques for identifying and monitoring acid sulfate soil conditions prior to and following implementation of restoration activities. Finally, this technical note outlines a number of tools and recently published resources to help avoid unintended consequences of acid sulfate soil disturbance and achieve ecological restoration objectives.
THE PROCESSING OF WHITE PEPPER BY FERMENTATION THROUGH SOAKING TIME AND CONCENTRATION OF Bacillus Subtilis INOCULUM ON QUALITY AND OFF FLAVOUR CONTENT
Authors: Hernani Hernani , Yumma Haura Latifa , Aminingsih Tri
Published: February 2022

The processing of white pepper is still done traditionally, namely by soaking in unclean water that it can cause product contamination by unwanted microorganisms. The present work was to find out the effect of white pepper processing by fermentation using Bacillus subtilis inoculum through the length of soaking time and concentration of the inoculum on the quality and off-flavor compounds. The research method was carried out in several stages, namely the preparation of B. subtilis inoculum, preparation of raw materials, fermentation of pepper, decortication, drying using an oven at 50 ° C, analysis of quality and of off flavor compounds. The results showed that the soaking time has a significant effect on the content of light pepper, piperine, essential oil, and the color of the pepper. The concentration of B. subtilis inoculum has a significant effect on the quality of piperine, essential oil, and pepper color. The interaction between the soaking time and B. subtilis concentration has significantly affected the quality of piperine and essential oil levels. The soaking time of pepper for 7 days and the varying concentration of B. subtilis inoculums produced better quality pepper compared to the length of soaking for 5 days. White pepper with the lowest TPC value was from soaking for 5 days with B. subtilis inoculum concentration of 20% was 1.86x103 CFU / g. From the analysis of off-flavor compounds in the 5-days fermentation were identified 4 off flavor compounds, i.e., propanoic, butanoic, hexanoic acids and piperonal, while the 7-days with the same compound and the addition of 2 other compounds, namely p-cresol and 2 H methyl indole.
SUPLEMENTATION OF VIRGIN COCONUT OIL (VCO) PRODUCTS WITH INTARAN (Azadirachta indica) LEAF EXTRACT IN INHIBITING THE GROWTH OF ACNE BACTERIA Propianibacterium acnes
Authors: Karta I Wayan , Burhannuddin Burhannuddin
Published: February 2022

The dangers of resistance to Propionibacterium acnes and the high cost of treatment prompted the discovery of medicinal sources from natural substances that could act as antibacterials. One of them is using post-harvest coconut products in the form of virgin coconut oil (VCO) with extract of intaran leaves (Azadirachta indica). The purpose of this study was to determine the phytochemical characteristics, inhibition zone and their categorization and to study the difference or effect of VCO supplemented with extracts of intaran leaves (Azadirachta indica) with various concentrations on the growth of Propionibacterium acnes. This study used a posttestonly control group design. The VCO mixed with extracts of intaran leaves with various concentrations of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%. The antibacterial test was carried out using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Data analysis used the Kruskall Wallis and Mann Whitney test. The VCO mixture supplemented with extracts of intaran leaves showed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, and alkaloids. The mean diameter of the inhibition zone of virgin coconut oil (VCO) supplemented with leaf extract at a concentration of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% of the growth of P. acnes is 9.4 mm; 18.3 mm; 9.9 mm; 12.6 mm; and 9.9 mm. Data analysis showed that there were differences and the effect of adding extracts to the resulting inhibition zone diameter. The concentrations of leaf extract of 5%, 15%, and 25% were classified as moderate, while the concentrations of 10% and 20% of leaf extract were classified as strong. The 10% concentration had the highest inhibition zone diameter in inhibiting the growth of P. acnes. This combination has the potential to treat acne and needs to be carried out in vivo research.
PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF NATURALLY BREWED BEVERAGE OF PLETEKAN LEAVES (Ruellia tuberosa L) WITH ADDITION OF NATURAL FLAVORS
Authors: Prasetia Retno , Pratama Muh. Doddy , Palupi Pratiwi Jati
Published: February 2022

Pletekan leaves (Ruellia tuberosa L) is used as traditional medicine for diabetic because of the presenting of flavoloid (polyphenol). The aim of this research was to improve the taste of brewed beverage thus itincreases community appeal to consume. This study used completely randomized design (RAL) with 4 treatments (flavor varians: bay leaves, cinnamon, ginger, and pandan leaves with ratio of natural flavor to pletekan leaves 0.5:1) and three replications. The parameters analysed were chemical test (the percentage of water, total phenolic, tannin, antioxidant activity), and organolepticresults (hedonic test) that was analysed with ANOVA at 5% level. The results showed that the percentages of water in all the dried sample for making brewed beverage were in the range of 5,33% – 8%. The combination of pletekan leaves and cinnamon gave the highest total phenolic and tannin concentration (88,73 ± 0,07 mg GAE/10 g sample and 143,63 ± 0.31 mg/L) but having the second highest oxidant activity after DP+DS combination. The organoleptic results showed that the combination of brewed DP+KM had different taste as preferred taste. This combination also gave the highest preferred color but no significant different than others. Because there were no differences in oudor and texture of bewed beverage, thus the combination of DP+KM was the best combination in giving the preferred taste of beverage.
 
THE EFFECT OF EDIBLE COATING CHITOSAN-VIRGIN COCONUT OIL ON THE STORAGE OF STRAWBERRY
Authors: Amanda Eviomitta Rizki , Prasetya Yulianto Ade , Mardini Alliyu Wahyu , Nabila Berta Dhea
Published: February 2022

Edible coating based on chitosan-virgin coconut oil (VCO) as coating materials on strawberries have been successfully developed. This research aims to prolong the shelf life of strawberries by inhibiting the growth of microorganism. The experimental design used completely randomized design (CRD). Edible coating solution was prepared by mixing chitoson 1,6% b/v and VCO in various concentration namely 1%, 2% and 3%. The immersion process was carried out by inserting strawberries into edible coating solution for 1 min, 2 min and 3 min, respectively. The results showed that edible coating with various of VCO concentrations have good performance to inhibit the growth of microorganism and fungi. The variotion of VCO concentration 2% on the seventh day storage was more effective at inhibiting bacterial growth of 37,5% with the total colony growth of 1,52 × 109 cfu/mL. The optimum immersion time showed that 2 min has optimum inhibition results of 64,9% with the total colony growth of 4,7 × 108 cfu/mL on the second day of storage. Whereas for yeast, the optimum VCO concentration of 1% on the seventh day of storage showed the best inhibition performance for yeast growth of 72% with the total colony growth of 4,9 × 108 cfu/mL. The duration of immersion process showed the greatest inhibition performance of 70,8% on the seventh day with the total colony growth of 5,1 × 108 cfu/mL. Edible coating chitosanVCO successfully inhibited the microorganism growth and maintain the strawbeeries quality until the fifth day of storage.
Temperature-Dependent Wave Velocities of Heavy Oil-Saturated Rocks
Authors: Qi Hui , Ba Jing , Carcione José M. , Zhang Lin
Published: February 2022

Understanding the dependence of the rock properties on temperature is essential when dealing with heavy oil reservoirs. Reported rock physics models can hardly capture the effect of temperature on wave velocities. We propose a dual-porosity temperature-dependent model based on the coherent potential approximation, combining temperature- and frequency-dependent empirical equations for pore fluids with the David-Zimmerman model. The Maxwell model is adopted to obtain the complex shear modulus as a function of temperature and frequency. To verify the validity of the model, a glycerol-saturated tight sandstone and three heavy oil sand samples are considered. The comparison between the predicted and measured wave velocities shows that the model can quantitatively describe the behavior as a function of temperature. We find that there is a viscosity threshold (liquid point), where the P- and S-wave velocity variation trends change, while the porosity has no effect.
Geothermal Accumulation Constrained by the Tectonic Transformation in the Gonghe Basin, Northeastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Tang Xianchun , Liu Shasha , Zhang Dailei , Wang Guiling , Luo Yinfei , Hu Shengbiao , Xu Qiang
Published: February 2022

Advances in the exploration of the geothermal resources with remarkably high temperatures in the Gonghe Basin, northeastern Tibetan Plateau, provide an enhanced understanding of the origin and emplacement of hot dry rock (HDR). Based on the integrating analysis on the boundary faults distribution and their activity histories, springs and geothermal borehole data, and magnetotelluric data, we propose that the Gonghe Basin formed in a zone of slip dissipation between two major large-scale left-lateral strike-slip faults of the Kunlun fault to the south and the Haiyuan fault to the north during the Neogene time. During the evolution of these two major strike-slip faults, the basin has experienced two-phase developments: the transrotational Gonghe-Qinghai lacustrine basin system during the Miocene and the transpressional Gonghe-Tongde basin system during the Pliocene-Quaternary. In response to the crustal transtension components of the transrotational Gonghe Basin, the partial melting zone at depths of 10–25 km in the thickened crust (~54 km) has been uplifted by ~10 km compared with adjacent regions since the Pliocene. This uplifted partial melting zone may have provided prominent potential heat energy for the HDR in the Triassic granitoid batholith at shallower depths (~3–10 km) by effective enhancement of the geothermal conduction process via deep faulting. With obliquely south-verging thrusting of the Gonghe Nan Shan thrusts in the northern, the Gonghe Basin has transformed from transrotation to transpression-domination during the 6–3 Ma, as well as accompanying with the depocentre migrating to the northwest and in turn the basement elastically uplifting in the southeast. This differential deformation of the basin floor has resulted in a northeastward upward tilting of the Triassic batholith and an isothermal surface. It finally developed the high-temperature and shallow-burial HDR with anomalously temperatures of over 100°C at a depth of 1.5 km in the Qiabuqia and Zhacang geothermal areas in the Gonghe Basin, NE margin of the Tibetan Plateau.
De los anillos verdes a las infraestructuras verdes: tres estudio de caso en América
Authors: Aguado Moralejo Itziar , Echebarria Carmen , Barrutia José M.
Published: February 2022

Las políticas de anillos verdes se diseñaron hace ya más de un siglo en Europa para controlar el crecimiento urbano, preservar las tierras agrícolas y conservar la naturaleza, aunque reiteradamente han fracasado en su intento por contener la expansión de la ciudad. Sin embargo, paulatinamente, estas iniciativas han ido incorporando nuevas funciones, incidiendo especialmente en la provisión de servicios ecosistémicos. En Europa, diversos estudios señalan que se ha producido una evolución desde los anillos verdes, diseñados a modo de línea de fijación del crecimiento urbano, hacia las infraestructuras verdes mucho más permeables y conectadas. En este artículo, exploramos estas dinámicas a través de la comparación de los casos de tres anillos verdes, Ottawa y Ontario en Canadá y São Paulo en Brasil, implementados en América. Los casos muestran la consolidación de dichas iniciativas y su evolución hacia infraestructuras verdes más amplias, aunque con resultados desiguales en el cumplimiento de los objetivos de las políticas, ya que se requiere disponer de una elevada capacidad de gobernanza para llevar a cabo una gestión coordinada compleja entre los diversos niveles de gobiernos, los diferentes municipios y otros intereses privados y públicos que intervienen en las infraestructuras verdes.
Promoting preventive behaviors of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) through educational intervention based on Instructional System Design (ISD) model: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Karami-Juyani Afsaneh , Zarei Fatemeh , Niknami Shamsodin , Heidarnia Alireza , Maasoumi Raziyeh
Published: February 2022

Background: Sexually active women aged 18 to 48 are within the population at risk for acquiring sexually transmitted infections. Some STIs can cause serious complications, including pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, ectopic pregnancy, cervical cancer, neonatal death, or congenital anomalies. Accordingly, the present study will investigate the impact of an educational program based on a based on Instructional System Design (ISD) model to promote preventive behaviors of sexually transmitted infections (STIs).Methods: Women aged18–48 years that refer to Tehran Municipality Health Houses will be invited to join the study. Recruitment will continue until a sample of 150 women provides informed consent to participate. The study will be conducted using a mixed-methods protocol in three phases. In the first phase, Women's educational and learning needs about STIs will be identified using a qualitative approach. In the second phase, the results from the qualitative approach will be used to design a training program based on an ISD model. Educational intervention will be performed in the third phase. Participants will be randomly allocated into two groups: (1) intervention group (2) control group. Data will be collected using STI Four-Scale of Preventive Behaviors at baseline in 1 month and 3-month follow-up assessments. The impact of the intervention on the promotion of preventive behaviors from STIs will then be evaluated.Discussion: This study provides an educational program for educating, empowering, and promoting behaviours that prevent sexually transmitted infections.If the interventions designed in the present study are effective, It has a high practical potential for generalization for all women aged 18-48 at risk of STIs. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov IRCT20200602047638N1.Registered on 22 May2021 with the IRCTID.
Effects of environmental enrichment and sexual dimorphism on the expression of cerebellar receptors in C57BL/6 and BTBR +Itpr3tf/J mice
Authors: Monje-Reyna Daniela , Denes Jorge Manzo , Santamaria Fidel
Published: February 2022

Objective: Environmental enrichment is used to treat social, communication, and behavioral deficits and is known to modify the expression of synaptic receptors. We compared the effects of environmental enrichment in the expression of glutamate and endocannabinoid receptors, which are widely expressed in the cerebellar cortex. These two receptors interact to regulate neuronal function and their dysregulation is associated with behavioral changes. We used BTBR +Itpr3tf/J mice, a strain that models behavioral disorders, and C57BL/6 mice for comparison. We studied the effects of genetic background, sex, environmental conditions, and layer of the cerebellar cortex on the expression of each receptor. Results: The influence of genetic background and environmental enrichment had the same pattern on glutamate and endocannabinoid receptors in males. In contrast, in females, the effect of environmental enrichment and genetic background were different than the ones obtained for males and were also different between the glutamate and endocannabinoid receptors. Furthermore, an analysis of both receptors from tissue obtained from the same animals show that their expression is correlated in males, but not in females. Our results suggest that environmental enrichment has a receptor dependent and sexual dimorphic effect on the molecular expression of different receptors in the cerebellar cortex.
Biorefinery cascade processing for converting corncob to xylooligosaccharides and glucose by maleic acid pretreatment
Authors: Zhang Qibo , Jiang Kankan , Zhou Xin , Xu Yong
Published: February 2022

Corncob as an abundant and low-cost waste resource has received increasing attention to produce value-added chemicals, it is rich in xylan and regarded as the most preferable feedstock for preparing xylooligosaccharides. The use of xylooligosaccharides as core products can cut costs and improve the economic efficiency in biorefinery. In this study, maleic acid, as a non-toxic and edible acidic catalyst, was employed to pretreat corncob and produce xylooligosaccharides. A response surface methodology experimental procedure yielded 52.9% xylooligosaccharides using 0.5% maleic acid at 155 oC for 26 min. Maleic acid prehydrolysis generated a positive effect for enhancing the enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency, resulting in an enzymatic glucose yield of 87.5% with a total of 10% solids loading. A cascade processing for converting corncob to xylooligosaccharides and glucose by sequential maleic acid pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis was designed for the corncob wastes utilization.
Clip-Guided Local Duodenectomy for Safe and Minimal Local Resection of Nonampullary Duodenal Neoplasms
Authors: Miwa Takeshi , Yamada Suguru , Shibuya Kazuto , Hirano Katsuhisa , Takami Hideki , Watanabe Toru , Hayashi Masamichi , Yoshioka Isaku , Kodera Yasuhiro , Fujii Tsutomu
Published: February 2022

Background: Local duodenectomy and primary closure is a simple option for some nonampullary duodenal neoplasms. Minimizing the resection area while ensuring curability is necessary for safe primary duodenal closure. However, it is often difficult to determine the appropriate resection line from the serosal side. We developed clip-guided local duodenectomy to easily determine the resection range and perform local duodenectomy safely, then performed a retrospective observational study to confirm the safety of clip-guided local duodenectomy.Methods: The procedure is as follows: placing endoscopic metal clips at four points on the margin around the tumor within 3 days before surgery, identifying the tumor extent with the clips under X-ray imaging during surgery, making an incision to the duodenum just outside of the clips visualized by X-ray imaging, full-thickness resection of the duodenum with the clips as guides of tumor demarcation, and transversely closure by Gambee suture. We evaluated clinicopathological data and surgical outcomes of patients who underwent clip-guided local duodenectomy at two surgical centers between January 2010 and May 2020.Results: Eighteen patients were included. The pathological diagnosis was adenoma (11 cases), adenocarcinoma (6 cases), and GIST (1 case). The mean ± SD tumor size was 18 ± 6 mm, and the tumor was mainly located in the second portion of the duodenum (66%). In all cases, the duodenal defect was closed with primary sutures. The mean operation time and blood loss were 191 minutes and 79 mL, respectively. The morbidity was 22%, and all complications were Clavien-Dindo grade II. No anastomotic leakage or stenosis was observed. In the 6 adenocarcinoma patients, all were diagnosed with pT1a, and postoperative recurrence was not observed. The 1-year overall and recurrence free survival rate was 100%. Conclusions: Clip-guided local duodenectomy is a safe and useful surgical option for minimally local resection of nonampullary duodenal neoplasms such as duodenal adenoma, GIST, and early adenocarcinoma.
Functional Identification of 9-Cis-Epoxycarotenoid Dioxygenase Genes in Double Dormant Plant-Herbaceous Peony
Authors: Fei Riwen , Duan Siyang , Ge Jiayuan , Sun Tianyi , Sun Xiaomei
Published: February 2022

Seed dormancy and germination is a complex process, which is affected by external environmental conditions and internal factors independently or mutually. Phytohormones play an important regulatory role in this process. ABA was the main phytohormone affecting herbaceous peony seed dormancy release. However, the mechanism of ABA in the dormancy release of herbaceous peony needs to be further explored. Here, transcriptome data was screened from the perspective of ABA metabolism, and significantly differentially expressed PlNCED1 and PlNCED2 were obtained. We found that their expression trends were positively correlated with ABA content. Among them, PlNCED2 had a stronger regulatory effect on ABA content and was more sensitive to exogenous ABA. Overexpression and silencing of PlNCEDs in callus could affect the expression of PlCYP707As and the content of endogenous ABA. Through the observation of seed germination of Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana), we found PlNCED1 and PlNCED2 promoted seed dormancy, and the promotion effect of PlNCED2 was more obvious. In general, PlNCED1 and PlNCED2 participated in the dormancy release of herbaceous peony seeds by regulating the accumulation of endogenous ABA. Our work can reveal the molecular mechanism and related theories of ABA involved in herbaceous peony seed dormancy release.
The Efficacy of The Herbal Formula of Bunium Persicum and Coriandrum Sativum on Clinical Symptoms of Patients with Functional Dyspepsia: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Azimi Maryam , Esfandiarpour Mahboobeh , Raeiszadeh Mahboobeh , Parizi Ali Saeidpour
Published: February 2022

Background:Functional dyspepsia (FD) is one of the most prevalent chronic disorders affecting up to 30% of the world population with considerable impairment of quality of life. This study evaluated the efficacy of the herbal formula of Bunium persicum (Boiss.) B.Fedtsch. and Coriandrum Sativum L. on symptom severity, symptom frequency, and quality of life of patients with FD. Methods:This double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial, with parallel groups allocation ratio of 1:1, was conducted in a referral clinic of Afzalipour Hospital affiliated with Kerman University of Medical Sciences in Kerman, southeastern Iran. A total of 90 patients with FD (diagnosed based on the Rome IV criteria) were included in this study. The patients with complications during the intervention, pregnancy or lactation, a history of allergy to herbal drugs, and severe organic or psychiatric disorders were excluded.The participants received one capsule containing 500 mg of herbal formula or placebo twice a day for 4 weeks and were subsequently followed up for 4 more weeks.Clinical outcomes were assessed via the Dyspepsia Severity Questionnaire, the Rome IV Diagnostic Questionnaire, and Nepean Dyspepsia Index Questionnaire. Results:A total 40 participants in each group completed the follow-up period, and their data were analyzed statistically. All clinical outcomes showed significant improvements in herbal formula compared to the placebo without serious side effects (P <0.05). Conclusions:Although this herbal formula can alleviate both epigastric pain syndrome (EPS) and postprandial distress syndrome (PDS), PDS seems to be improved higher than EPS. Trial registration:This trial was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) under Reg. No. IRCT20190304042911N1 on 03/11/2019.
Decomposition of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) and 5-nitro-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one (NTO) by Fe13O13 Nano-particle: Density Functional Theory Study
Authors: Gorb Leonid , Ilchenko Mykola , Leszczynski Jerzy
Published: February 2022

To obtain more insight into the mechanisms of the decomposition of energetic compounds, we performed a computational study of the interaction of Fe13O13 nano-particle with two energetic molecules (2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene - TNT and 5-nitro-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one - NTO). The density functional theory using M06-2X, B3LYP and BLYP density functionals has been applied. It has been found that the reactivity of these molecules strongly depends on the place of adsorption (so-called top and bottom planes of Fe13O13). Namely, only the interaction with the bottom plane results in the thermodynamic characteristics of the decomposition which provide a medium reaction rate of the studied processes. Several pathways for such a decomposition have been found. One of them is the inter-complex oxygen transfer of nitro-group oxygen to Fe13O13. This pathway results in the formation of adsorbed nitroso compounds. Second pathway describes more complex decomposition which includes the transfer of nitro-group oxygen accompanied by hydrogen transfer. In all cases, the interaction of energetic molecules with Fe13O13 nano-particle takes place along with barrier-less electron transfer from Fe13O13 to TNT or NTO species.
Go beyond image-based benign-malignant classification: AI can identify responsible frames better than physicians in breast ultrasound screening videos
Authors: Jiang Yitao , Ye Xiuqin , Liu Yan , Cui Chen , Shi Siyuan , Wu Huaiyu , Tian Hongtian , Song Di , Yao Jincao , Wang Liping , Sui Wenhai , Huang Sijing , Yang Keen , Chen Jing , Xu Jinfeng , Xu Dong , Dong Fajin , Zhang Yun
Published: February 2022

Breast Cancer is the most common cancer in the world and the single leading cause of cancer mortality in women. Heavy workload and shortage of ultrasound specialists impede the penetration of breast cancer screening. To reduce the burden of sonographers and empower junior physicians, we propose a novel framework FEBrNet by integrating deep learning architecture with the idea of entropy from Information theory. FEBrNet is capable of auto-selecting responsible frames from ultrasound screening videos based on entropy reduce method and classifying breast nodules using Artificial Intelligence (AI). A combination of 13702 images and 1066 videos from breast ultrasound exams are used to train and test the robustness of the proposed framework. Reader studies show that FEBrNet has equivalent or even superior diagnostic performance to that of ultrasound specialists and that overall physician’s performance improves when using FEBrNet's recommended frames and corresponding prediction. Therefore, merging FEBrNet into clinical ultrasound screening workflow might bring actual benefit by helping address the scarcity of sonographers, so as to increase the use of ultrasound screening in cancer prevention.
Comparison of flexion relaxation phenomenon after single-level and multi-level Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion
Authors: He Peifeng , Li Dan , Ye Fei , Wang Jianxiong , Zheng Lipeng , He Qiang , Feng Daxiong
Published: February 2022

Background This study aims to assess the influence of the number of fused segments on cervical paravertebral muscles by analyzing the changes of the cervical flexion relaxation phenomenon (FRP) after single-level and multi-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF).Methods A total of 28 patients underwent ACDF were included, including 9 cases of 1-level, 12 of 2-level and 7 of 3 or 4-level. The flexion relaxation experiment of cervical erector spinae (CES) muscles was carried out at preoperative 3 days, postoperative 6 months and 12 months by surface electromyography (SEMG). Patients were examined by the neck Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), the cervical Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score and Neck Disability Index (NDI). C2-7 range of motion (ROM) at flexion and extension was evaluated by X-ray.Results The FRP of all patients with 1-level ACDF was normalized (100%). Only 2/12 patients with 2-level ACDF had normalized FRP at the last follow-up, with increased flexion relaxation ratio (FRR) and decreased normalized SEMG activity than those before surgery. However, all patients with 3 or 4-level had decreased postoperative FRR and increased normalized SEMG activity in each phase. A significant correlation was found between the changes of C2-7 ROM and FRR in three groups.Conclusions 1-level ACDF could normalize the FRP of cervical paravertebral muscles, which was not ideally recovered in patients with 2-level ACDF. However, 3 or 4-level ACDF could aggravate the SEMG activity and worsen the function of cervical paravertebral muscles. Our research strongly supported the passive structures hypothesis.
Reference Intervals of Renal Function Set Established for Healthy Pregnant Women
Authors: Wu Mingyang , Liu Wenen , Xiang Zhongyuan
Published: February 2022

Objective
This cross-sectional study aims to explore variation trend of renal function for healthy pregnant women at different gestational age, and to establish RIs of renal function set tests according to trimester of pregnancy.
Methods
A total of 120 healthy pregnant women and 40 healthy non-pregnant women were enrolled, divided into early trimester (1-13 weeks of gestation, n=40), second trimester (14-27 weeks of gestation, n=40), third trimester (≥28 weeks of gestation, n=40), and non-pregnant women group (n=40). Analytes of UA, BUN, Cr, β2-MG, Cys-C, RBP, NAG, CO2, HCY, CG, C1q and NGAL were measured using the analytical systems in Second Xiangya Hospital. The RIs were defined using non-parametric 95% intervals.
Results
The RIs for UA, Cr, β2-MG, NAG, CO2, Hcy and C1q were established respectively for the first and second trimester group and the third trimester group, there are huge differences after pregnancy. The RIs for BUN was different for 1-13 weeks and after 14 weeks. There are significant differences for NGAL for pregnant and non-pregnant women but not for Cys-C and RBP.
Conclusion
The RIs for renal function tests in pregnant women were established, thus providing clinical reference intervals for the clinicians.
HPLC and high-throughput sequencing revealed higher tea-leaves quality, soil fertility and microbial community diversity in ancient tea plantations:Compared with modern tea plantations
Authors: Yang Guangrong , Zhou Dapeng , Wan Renyuan , Wang Conglian , Xie Jin , Ma Cunqiang , Li Yongmei
Published: February 2022

BackgroundAncient tea plantations with an age over 100 years still reserved at Mengku Town in Lincang Region of Yunan Province, China. However, the characteristic of soil chemicophysical properties and microbial ecosystem in the ancient tea plantations and their impact on tea-leaves chemical components remained unclear. Tea-leaves chemical components including amino acids, phenolic compounds and purine alkaloids, and soil chemicophysical properties including pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), soil organic matter (SOM), soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), total potassium (TK), alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen (AN), available phosphorous (AP) and available potassium (AK), and microbial community structure of modern and ancient tea plantations in five geographic sites (i.e. Bingdao, Baqishan, Banuo, Dongguo and Jiulong) were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high-throughput sequencing, respectively. ResultsTea-leaves chemical components, soil chemicophysical properties and microbial community structures including bacterial and fungal community abundance and diversity evaluated by Chao 1 and Shannon varied with geographic location and tea plantation type. The ancient tea plantations possessed significantly (P<0.05) higher free amino acids, gallic acid, caffeine and epigallocatechin (EGC) in tea-leaves, as well as soil fertility. The bacterial community structure kept stable, while fungal community abundance and diversity significantly (P<0.05) increased in ancient tea plantation because of higher soil fertility and lower pH. The long-term plantation in natural cultivation way significantly (P<0.05) improved the abundances of Nitrospirota, Methylomirabilota, Ascomycota and Mortierellomycota phyla. ConclusionsDue to the natural cultivation way, the ancient tea plantations still maintained relatively higher soil fertility and complete soil microbial ecosystem, which contributed to the sustainable development with higher quality in tea-leaves.
On the randomness analysis of link quality prediction: limitations and benefits
Authors: Wenxing Liao , Xiaofei Shi
Published: February 2022

In wireless multi-hop networks, such as wireless sensor networks, link quality (LQ) is one of the most important metrics and is widely used in higher-layer applications such as routing protocols. An accurate link quality prediction may greatly help to improve the performance of wireless multi-hop networks. Researchers have proposed a lot of link quality prediction models in recent years. However, due to the dynamic and stochastic nature of wireless transmission, the performance of link quality prediction remains challenging. In this article, we mainly analyze the influence of stochastic nature of wireless transmission on link quality prediction model and discuss the benefits in the application of wireless multi-hop networks with the performance- limited link quality prediction models.
Neuropsychiatric symptoms and seizure related with serum cytokine in epilepsy patients
Authors: Shin Hye-Rim , Chu Kon , Lee Woo-Jin , Lee Han Sang , Kim Eun Young , Son Hyoshin , Moon Jangsup , Kim Narae , Jung Ki-Young , Jung Keun-Hwa , Lee Soon-Tae , Park Kyung-Il , Lee Sang Kun
Published: February 2022

Neuroinflammation contributes to epileptogenesis and ictogensis. Various signals of neuroinflammation lead to neuronal hyper-excitabilty. Since an interplay between epilepsy, psychiatric comorbidities and neuroinflammation has been suggested, we explored psychiatric symptoms in epilepsy patients, and the relationship with neuroinflammation. We screened epilepsy patients who were admitted for video-EEG monitoring between July 2019 and December 2020. Enrolled patients were asked to respond to neuropsychiatric questionnaires (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Questionnaire (NPI-Q)) on admission. Serum cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IFN-γ, CCL2, and CCL5) were measured by ELISA on admission, and within 6 hours after a seizure. We enrolled 134 patients, and 32 patients (23.9%) had seizures during monitoring. Cytokine levels did not change after seizures, but IL-2 and IL-6 increased in cases of generalized tonic-clonic seizures. The HADS-A score was lower in Q4 of CCL5 (p-value = 0.016) and anxiety was also less common in Q4 of CCL5 (p-value = 0.042). NPI-Q question 4 (depression) severity was higher in CCL2 (p-value = 0.024). This suggested that psychiatric symptoms may also be related to inflammatory processes in epilepsy patients. Further large, standardized studies are necessary to underpin the inflammatory mechanisms in epilepsy and psychiatric symptoms.
A cross-sectional research study on Impact of covid-19 pandemic era on Pregnant Women sero-positivity for Syphilis among women attending antenatal care in India and number of babies diagnosed with Congenital Syphilis?
Authors: Kumar Piyush
Published: February 2022

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) still continue to be a major public health problem globally, affecting the quality of life as well as causing serious morbidity and mortality. STIs have a direct and significant impact on reproductive and child health. They can directly cause infertility, cancers as well as pregnancy complications, and indirectly affects individual economies. The information on the number of PW found to be sero positive for Syphilis among women attending antenatal care in India and number of babies diagnosed with Congenital Syphilis is collected from HMIS electronic records of MoHFW, Government of India with key objective to know about the impact of covid-19 era i.e. 2020 and 2021 on prevalence of syphilis by comparing it with the pre pandemic era of 2018 and 2019. I collected sero positivity data for Syphilis among women attending antenatal care in India and number of babies diagnosed with Congenital Syphilis across 36 states and union territories of India including all health facilities viz. public, private, rural, urban health facilities. The data is collected, observed and analyzed with Microsoft office software. The total number of pregnancies and deliveries have shown declining trend during pandemic years as compared to pre-pandemic era. Year-wise maximum number of syphilis positive pregnant women treated for syphilis were reported in 2021. The average number of babies per month diagnosed with congenital syphilis increased in pandemic era whereas average number of babies per month treated with congenital syphilis decreased in pandemic era. This research study revealed that there is an increasing number trend of following in pandemic years as compared to pre-pandemic years: • Number of PW tested using POC test for Syphilis • Out of above, number of PW found sero positive for Syphilis • Number of babies diagnosed with Congenital Syphilis • Total pregnant women tested found sero positive for Syphilis by any test
Comparison Between Online Versus Physical Teaching in the Period of Covid-19. A Comparative Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Effendi Sadia , Bhatti Urooj , Ahmedani Rubina , Chohan Muhammad Nadeem , Khidri Feriha Fatima , Shaikh Waseemullah
Published: February 2022

Objective: To compare online versus physical teaching in the period of Covid-19.Study design: Comparative cross-sectional studyPlace and duration of study: Anatomy department in collaboration with physiology department, Liaquat University of medical and health sciences Jamshoro, Pakistan from December 2021 to January 2022Methods: In this study,the explanatory and correlational methodology was used. The participants wereMBBS/BDS medical studentsof Liaquat University of medical and health sciences Jamshoro, and the sample size was a convenience sample of 246students. After receiving clearance from the ethical review committee of the university, students were recruited through a mobile app (i.e., WhatsApp). They were invited to complete an anonymous online survey using a Google Form, and all gave their informed consent.Counts with percentages were reported for the best teaching method voted by respondents, advantages, and disadvantages of online and physical teaching methods were also assessed. Opinions were compared across groups using the Pearson Chi-Square test.Results: In the present study there were two hundred forty-six samples surveyed among them 74.8% voted the physical teaching, 12.2% voted for online teaching and 6.5% elected both kinds of teaching methods, whereas 6.5% did not vote for any teaching method as the best teaching method.Conclusion: We concluded that the majority of our students like and favor the physical teaching method as compared to the online teaching method.
Primary care consultations and pain medicine prescriptions: a comparison between patients with and without chronic pain after total knee replacement
Authors: Wylde Vikki , Pinedo-Villanueva Rafael , Kolovos Spyros , Delmestri Antonella , Howells Nick , Judge Andrew , Gooberman-Hill Rachael
Published: February 2022

BackgroundApproximately 20% of patients experience chronic pain after total knee replacement (TKR). The impact of chronic pain after TKR on primary care services in the UK is currently unknown. The aim of this study was to compare primary care consultations and pain medicine prescriptions between patients with and without chronic pain after TKR. MethodsData from 5,055 patients who received TKR between 2009-2016 with anonymised linked data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink Gold (CPRD) and English Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) programme were analysed. The exposure time was from 10 years pre-operative to eight years post-operative. Patients with a score ≤14 on the Oxford Knee Score pain component scale at 6 months post-operative were classified as having chronic pain after TKR. Primary care consultations and prescribed pain medicines were quantified, and costs calculated based on national cost data. Results721 patients (14%) had chronic pain after TKR. The prevalence and costs of primary care consultations and pain medicine prescriptions per year were consistently higher for patients with chronic pain after TKR compared with those without chronic pain after TKR; these differences were observed both before and after surgery. There was a substantial and sustained increase in the cost of opioid prescriptions after surgery for patients with chronic pain after TKR, peaking at seven years post-operative. ConclusionsIncreased primary care consultations and pain medicine prescriptions associated with chronic pain after TKR represent a considerable financial cost to primary care services. Evaluation of interventions to reduce the risk of developing this pain condition and improve the early management of pain after TKR are needed to improve outcomes for patients and reduce costs to healthcare services.
Impact of green finance on carbon intensity-empirical research based on dynamic spatial Durbin model
Authors: Guo Qiutong , Zhang Hao , Wang Qingsong , Dong Yong
Published: February 2022

Green finance is of great significance in improving the ecological environment and achieving the purpose of energy conservation and emission reduction. In order to explore the influence of green finance on carbon intensity, four indicators of green credit, green securities, green insurance and green investment are adopted to construct the green finance development index in this paper. Based on the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2009 to 2019, a dynamic spatial Durbin model is constructed and the method of partial differential matrix is selected to analyze the influence of green finance on carbon intensity in the short and long terms. The empirical results show that (1) the development of green finance in local area has positive effect on the reduction of carbon intensity. (2) with the significant spatial spillover effect on carbon intensity, green finance can reduce the carbon intensity of the adjacent area and promote the development of low-carbon economy. (3) dynamic test results prove that in terms of direct effect and spatial spillover effect, green finance has a greater long-term effect on carbon intensity.
Child Stunting and Economic Outcomes in SAARC Countries: The Empirical Evidence
Authors: Nasser Minnat Seema , Baig Aqeel , Nasser Dawood
Published: February 2022

Background
Stunting and its economic consequences are gaining increased awareness. As healthy human capital is the key to higher economic growth in the country, according to UNICEF’s report in 2018, almost 40% of the total stunted population lives in this South Asian region. Because of the long-term implications, this is of great concern to local and international health organizations and agencies.
Method
This study explores the causal relationship between the socio-economic determinants of child stunting prevalence under 5 years of age in SAARC countries by constructing fixed-effect modelling and the two-stage least square (2SLS) model using instrumental variables; urbanization, governance stability index, and rainfall and temperature anomalies with the GDP per capita variable from 1984 to 2018.
Results
The results reveal that both the variables have a significant causal influence on each other. A 10% rise in gross domestic product per capita reduces child stunting to 6%, implying that economic expansion in this region is presumptively pro-poor. A 1% increase in childhood stunting results in a 3.4% drop in the region's current GDP per capita. The results lie under the critical bound at a 1% level of significance.
Conclusion
The study urges the governments of the SAARC countries to adopt pro-poor policies with an effective mechanism for economic growth transition in the targeted area.