bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AL-FEC for streaming services in LTE E-MBMS
Authors: Calabuig Jorge , Monserrat Jose F , Gozálvez David , Gómez-Barquero David
Published: March 2013

3rd Generation Partnership Project specified Application Layer - Forward Error Correction (AL-FEC) to be used for Enhanced Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Services (E-MBMS) in Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks. Specifically, Raptor coding is applied to both streaming and file delivery services. This article focuses on streaming services and investigates the optimum configuration of the AL-FEC mechanism depending on the signal-to-interference plus noise power ratio conditions. These configurations are compared with a scenario without an application layer protection to obtain the potential gain that can be achieved by means of AL-FEC. This article also studies the multiplexing of services within the AL-FEC time interleaving. These analyses were performed using a proprietary system level simulator and assuming both pedestrian and vehicular users. Different quality criterions were used to ensure the completeness of the study. Results show the significant benefit of using AL-FEC in E-MBMS in terms of coverage and service quality.
Analysis and mapping of a 3′ coterminal transcription unit derived from human cytomegalovirus open reading frames UL30–UL32
Authors: Ma Yanping , Gao Shuang , Wang Lin , Wang Ning , Li Mali , Zheng Bo , Qi Ying , Sun Zhengrong , Liu Weiwei , Ruan Qiang
Published: March 2013

Background

It has been predicted that the UL31 gene originates from the positive strand of the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) genome, whereas the UL30 and UL32 genes originate from the complementary strand. Except for the UL32 gene, the transcription of this gene region has not been investigated extensively.

Methods

Northern blotting, cDNA library screening, RACE-PCR,and RT-PCR were used.

Results

At least eight transcripts of the antisense orientation of UL31 were transcribed from the UL30–UL32 region during the late phase of HCMV infection. The 3′ coterminus of these transcripts was located within the predicted UL30 gene. The longest 6.0-kb transcript was initiated upstream of the predicted UL32 gene. Other transcripts were derived from the predicted UL30 and UL31 gene region. Except for the previously predicted UL32 open reading frame (ORF), three novel ORFs, named UL31anti-1, UL31anti-2 and UL31anti-3, were located in the transcripts from the UL31anti-UL32 transcription unit. No transcription was found in UL31.

Conclusion

A family of novel 3′ coterminal transcripts was transcribed from the UL30–UL32 gene region.
Distribution characteristics of DNA vaccine encoded with glycoprotein C from Anatid herpesvirus 1 with chitosan and liposome as deliver carrier in ducks
Authors: Sun Kunfeng , Li Xin , Jiang Jinfeng , Cheng Anchun , Wang Mingshu , Zhu Dekang , Jia Renyong , Chen Shun , Zhou Yi , Chen Xiaoyue , Wang Xiaoyu
Published: March 2013

Background

A eukaryotic expression plasmid encoding glycoprotein C (gC) of Anatid herpesvirus 1 (AnHV-1) (pcDNA3.1-gC) was constructed and validated. The tissue distribution of chitosan/DNA complexes, liposome/DNA complexes and pcDNA3.1-gC alone were evaluated using a quantitative real-time PCR based TaqMan™ probe following intramuscular administration in ducklings.

Results

Compared with pcDNA3.1-gC alone, liposomes universally increased the plasmid DNA copy number at the injection sites, liver, spleen, heart, brain, bursa of Fabricius, and especially in the enteron (esophagus, duodenum, rectum, and cecum). Chitosan also universally increased the plasmid DNA copy number at the injection sites, liver, spleen, heart, brain and esophagus. Compared with lipoplex-gC, higher chitosan-gC plasmid DNA copy numbers were detected at the injection sites, liver, spleen, heart, brain and esophagus. In contrast, compared with lipoplex-gC, lower copy numbers of chitosan-gC plasmid DNA were detected in the duodenum, rectum and cecum.

Conclusions

The results of this study demonstrated that chitosan and liposomes mediated rapid and extensive plasmid distribution in duck tissues, with low levels maintained from 1 d after DNA vaccination.
Supplementation of carnitine leads to an activation of the IGF-1/PI3K/Akt signalling pathway and down regulates the E3 ligase MuRF1 in skeletal muscle of rats
Authors: Keller Janine , Couturier Aline , Haferkamp Melanie , Most Erika , Eder Klaus
Published: March 2013

Background

Recently, it has been shown that carnitine down-regulates genes involved in the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) in muscle of pigs and rats. The mechanisms underlying this observation are yet unknown. Based on the previous finding that carnitine increases plasma IGF-1 concentration, we investigated the hypothesis that carnitine down-regulates genes of the UPS by modulation of the of the IGF-1/PI3K/Akt signalling pathway which is an important regulator of UPS activity in muscle.

Methods

Male Sprague–Dawley rats, aged four weeks, were fed either a control diet with a low native carnitine concentration or the same diet supplemented with carnitine (1250 mg/kg diet) for four weeks. Components of the UPS and IGF-1/PI3K/Akt signalling pathway in skeletal muscle were examined.

Results

Rats fed the diet supplemented with carnitine had lower mRNA and protein levels of MuRF1, the most important E3 ubiquitin ligase in muscle, decreased concentrations of ubiquitin-protein conjugates in skeletal muscle and higher IGF-1 concentration in plasma than control rats (P < 0.05). Moreover, in skeletal muscle of rats fed the diet supplemented with carnitine there was an activation of the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway, as indicated by increased protein levels of phosphorylated (activated) Akt1 (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

The present study shows that supplementation of carnitine markedly decreases the expression of MuRF1 and concentrations of ubiquitinated proteins in skeletal muscle of rats, indicating a diminished degradation of myofibrillar proteins by the UPS. The study moreover shows that supplementation of carnitine leads to an activation of the IGF-1/PI3K/Akt signalling pathway which in turn might contribute to the observed down-regulation of MuRF1 and muscle protein ubiquitination.
Determination of the α/β ratio for the normal liver on the basis of radiation-induced hepatic toxicities in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Son Seok Hyun , Jang Hong Seok , Lee Hyochun , Choi Byung Ock , Kang Young Nam , Jang Jeong Won , Yoon Seung Kew , Kay Chul Seung
Published: March 2013

Background

The purpose of this study was to determine the α/β ratio for normal liver with hepatitis by analyzing the toxicity data from patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma treated with helical tomotherapy.

Methods

Between March 2006 and February 2012, 98 patients were eligible for this study. 66 patients received 45–50 Gy in 4.5-5 Gy fractions (Group A) and 32 patients received 36–60 Gy in 2.5-3 Gy fractions (Group B). Radiation-induced hepatic toxicity was defined as an increase of at least 2 points in the Child-Pugh score within 4 months of completing helical tomotherapy. We attempted to find the statistically significant parameters in the 2 groups using α/β ratios of 2, 4, 6, 8, or 10, and compared the estimated probability curves of each significant parameter. We hypothesized that the α/β ratio associated with the best matches for the curves between the 2 groups would be equivalent to the α/β ratio for the normal liver.

Results

When using an α/β ratio of 2 or 4, different parameters were found to be statistically significant in a multivariate analysis (Group A: VBED30 for α/β ratio = 2 and VBED25 for α/β ratio = 4, Group B: VBED25 for α/β ratio = 2 and VBED20 for α/β ratio = 4). When using an α/β ratio of 6, 8, or 10, VBED20 was found to be a statistically significant parameter in both groups. Comparison of the estimated probability curve of each significant parameter between the groups revealed that an α/β ratio of 8 resulted in the best matches.

Conclusions

We suggest that the α/β ratio of the normal liver with hepatitis is 8. We hope that previously reported parameters and their values can be effectively used in different fractionation schemes by calculating the biologically effective dose using an α/β ratio of 8.
Right lower lobectomy eight years after left pneumonectomy for a second primary lung cancer
Authors: Liu Yunpeng , Cui Peipeng , Yang Zhiguang , Zhang Peng , Guo Rui , Shao Guoguang
Published: March 2013

Lobectomy for second primary lung cancer in a patient with previous pneumonectomy is seldom done because most such patients either have inadequate pulmonary reserve or metastatic disease at other sites. This is different than when this type of surgery is done for benign disease where the lobe to be resected is already non functional. We report a case where successful right lower lobectomy for a second primary lung cancer was carried out in a 53 year old man who had had a left pneumonectomy eight years before. We conclude that, although this type of approach can be worthwhile, surgeons must be cautious and selective before doing so.
The effect of vasopressin on the hemodynamics in CABG patients
Authors: Yimin Hu , Xiaoyu Liu , Yuping Hu , Weiyan Li , Ning Li
Published: March 2013

Background

Vasopressin is widely used to treat various type of hypotension, but the effect of vasopressin on coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG) patients is not clear. This study was to investigate the effect of vasopressin on the hemodynamics in CABG patients.

Methods

Twenty coronary artery disease (CAD) patients were randomly divided into two groups: norepinephrine group and vasopressin group. During the anesthesia and the operation, the central venous pressure (CVP) and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) were maintained to 8-10cmH2O, and the hemocrit was maintained above 30% through lactate ringer’s mixture, artifact colloid and red blood cells. The invasive artery blood pressure (IBP) was maintained by appropriate anesthetic depth and norepinephrine or vasopressin respectively. The target IBP was 70 mmHg, and heart rate (HR) was 60 bpm. The MAP (mean artery pressure), HR, ST-T, CVP, PAP (pulmonary artery pressure), PCWP, SVR (systemic vascular resistance), PVR (pulmonary vascular resistance), CO (cardiac output), urine output, blood gas analysis, surgery duration and blood loss were monitored.

Results

The MAP, HR, and ST-T were stable in either group during the operation. CVP, PCWP and SVR increased but CI deceased during the posterior descending artery (PDA) was grafted in both groups and without any significant difference between them. PAP increased during PDA was grafted in either group and there was significant difference between the two groups. PVR increased during ADA and PDA being grafted in norepinephrine group but not in vasopressin group. Metoprolol usage was 11.2 mg and 5.9 mg in norepinephrine group and vasopressin group respectively.

Conclusion

Vasopressin was better than norepinephrine.to keep the hemodynamics stability of patients undergoing CABG surgery.
Breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) predict clinical outcome in platinum- and toxal-based chemotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients: a system review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Yanlong , Xie Yuanliang , Xian Lei
Published: March 2013

The recent studies have evaluated the relationship between BRCA1 expression and clinical outcome of chemotherapy (mainly focused on platinum-based and toxal-based treatment) in NSCLC patients, but the results were inconclusive and controversial. Our aim of this study was to evaluate this association by literature based system review and meta-analysis.

PubMed, EMBASE and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases were used to retrieve the relevant articles. The interested outcome included objective response rate (ORR), overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS). The pooled odds ratio (OR) or hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) ware estimated.

After specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, 23 studies fulfilled the criteria and were included in our analysis. In 17 platinum-based studies, low/negative BRCA1 was in favor of better ORR (OR = 1.70, 95%CI = 1.32-2.18), longer OS and EFS (HR = 1.58, 95%CI = 1.27-1.97, and HR = 1.60, 95%CI = 1.07-2.39 for OS and EFS, respectively). In 4 toxal-based chemotherapy studies, the patients with high/positive BRCA1 had better ORR (OR = 0.41, 95%CI = 0.26-0.64), OS and EFS were not evaluated as the insufficient data available.

Overall, BRCA1 might be a useful biomarker to predict clinical outcome for personal chemotherapy in NSCLC patients in the future.
Interleukin-15 is required for maximal lipopolysaccharide-induced abortion
Authors: Lee Amanda J , Kandiah Nalaayini , Karimi Khalil , Clark David A , Ashkar Ali A
Published: March 2013

IL-15 mediates LPS-induced abortion partially through its effects on NK cells.

The maternal immune response during pregnancy is critical for the survival of the fetus yet can be detrimental during infection and inflammation. Previously, IL-15 has been observed to mediate inflammation during LPS-induced sepsis. Therefore, we sought to determine whether IL-15 mediates the inflammatory process during LPS-induced abortion through the use of IL-15−/− and WT mice. Administration of 2.5 μg LPS i.p. on gd 7.5 drastically reduced fetal viability in WT mice, whereas it had a minimal effect on fetal survival in IL-15−/− mice. The uteroplacental sites of LPS-treated WT mice were characterized by vast structural degradation and inflammation compared with treated IL-15−/− and untreated controls. This suggests that IL-15 may mediate the inflammation responsible for LPS-induced resorption. As IL-15−/− mice are deficient in NK cells and resistant to LPS-induced abortion, these effects suggest that IL-15 may mediate abortion through their homeostatic and/or activation effects on NK cells. WT uteroplacental units exposed to LPS had an increase in the overall number and effector number of NK cells compared with their control counterparts. Furthermore, NK cell depletion before administration of LPS in WT mice partially restored fetal viability. Overall, this paper suggests that IL-15 mediates the inflammatory environment during LPS-induced fetal resorption, primarily through its effects on NK cells.
Enrollment of Patients With Lung and Colorectal Cancers Onto Clinical Trials
Authors: Fouad Mona N. , Lee Jeannette Y. , Catalano Paul J. , Vogt Thomas M. , Zafar Syed Yousuf , West Dee W. , Simon Christian , Klabunde Carrie N. , Kahn Katherine L. , Weeks Jane C. , Kiefe Catarina I.
Published: March 2013

Both practice environment and patient clinical and demographic characteristics are associated with cancer clinical trial enrollment; simultaneous intervention may be required when trying to increase enrollment rates.
Use of Continuous Infusion Pumps During Radiation Treatment
Authors: Bak Kate , Gutierrez Eric , Lockhart Elizabeth , Sharpe Michael , Green Esther , Costa Sarah , Hertz Sherrie , Kaizer Leonard , Whitton Anthtony , Warde Padraig
Published: March 2013

The varied results of radiation exposure on infusion devices suggest that additional testing should be carried out to determine the limits of dose exposure, and to raise awareness around this patient safety issue.
Ethical Challenges: Managing Oncology Drug Shortages
Authors: Valgus John , Singer Eric A. , Berry Scott R. , Rathmell W. Kimryn
Published: March 2013

This vignette highlights the ethical issues surrounding restricted access to oncology drugs caused by shortages.
Going Hospital Based: Nuts and Bolts Operational Issues
Authors: Guidi Teri U.
Published: March 2013

Numerous factors are driving the trend to shift outpatient infusion services from the private practice setting to the hospital outpatient setting.
Doing Palliative Care in the Oncology Office
Authors: Cheng M. Jennifer , King Lauren M. , Alesi Erin R. , Smith Thomas J.
Published: March 2013

Palliative care is cited as providing improved communication, symptom control, treatment knowledge, and survival. The authors feel primary palliative care skills should be part of a physician's armamentarium.
Payers Working Collaboratively With Providers to Adopt Clinical Pathways and New Care Delivery Models
Authors: Greenapple Rhonda
Published: March 2013

The authors found that payers were realistic and pragmatic in identifying challenges to implementing new oncology care delivery models, identifying provider alignment and infrastructure/data acquisition as the two most significant challenges, followed by care coordination, provider incentives, and organizational structure.
Nuclear Receptor LRH-1 Induces the Reproductive Neuropeptide Kisspeptin in the Hypothalamus
Authors: Atkin Stan D. , Owen Bryn M. , Bookout Angie L. , Cravo Roberta M. , Lee Charlotte , Elias Carol F. , Elmquist Joel K. , Kliewer Steven A. , Mangelsdorf David J.
Published: March 2013

The differential expression and secretion of the neuropeptide kisspeptin from neurons in the arcuate (Arc) and anteroventral periventricular (AVPV) nuclei of the hypothalamus coordinate the temporal release of pituitary gonadotropins that control the female reproductive cycle. However, the molecular basis for this differential regulation is incompletely understood. Here, we report that liver receptor homolog-1 (LRH-1), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, is expressed in kisspeptin neurons in the Arc but not in the AVPV in female mice. LRH-1 binds directly to the kisspeptin (Kiss1) promoter and stimulates Kiss1 transcription. Deletion of LRH-1 from kisspeptin neurons in mice decreased Kiss1 expression in the Arc, leading to reduced plasma FSH levels, dysregulated follicle maturation, and prolongation of the estrous cycle. Conversely, overexpression of LRH-1 in kisspeptin neurons increased Arc Kiss1 expression and plasma FSH concentrations. These studies provide a molecular basis for the differential regulation of basal kisspeptin expression in Arc and AVPV neurons and reveal a prominent role for LRH-1 in hypothalamus in regulating the female reproductive axis.
Interplay between vesicoureteric reflux and kidney infection in the development of reflux nephropathy in mice
Authors: Bowen Samantha E. , Watt Christine L. , Murawski Inga J. , Gupta Indra R. , Abraham Soman N.
Published: March 2013

Vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) is a common congenital defect of the urinary tract that is usually discovered after a child develops a urinary tract infection. It is associated with reflux nephropathy, a renal lesion characterized by the presence of chronic tubulointersitial inflammation and fibrosis. Most patients are diagnosed with reflux nephropathy after one or more febrile urinary tract infections, suggesting a potential role for infection in its development. We have recently shown that the C3H mouse has a 100% incidence of VUR. Here, we evaluate the roles of VUR and uropathogenic Escherichia coli infection in the development of reflux nephropathy in the C3H mouse. We find that VUR in combination with sustained kidney infection is crucial to the development of reflux nephropathy, whereas sterile reflux alone fails to induce reflux nephropathy. A single bout of kidney infection without reflux fails to induce reflux nephropathy. The host immune response to infection was examined in two refluxing C3H substrains, HeN and HeJ. HeJ mice, which have a defect in innate immunity and bacterial clearance, demonstrate more significant renal inflammation and reflux nephropathy compared with HeN mice. These studies demonstrate the crucial synergy between VUR, sustained kidney infection and the host immune response in the development of reflux nephropathy in a mouse model of VUR.
Low Plasma 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Risk of Tobacco-Related Cancer
Authors: Afzal Shoaib , Bojesen Stig E , Nordestgaard Børge G
Published: March 2013

BACKGROUND

Tobacco smoke chemicals may influence vitamin D metabolism and function, and conversely vitamin D may modify the carcinogenicity of tobacco smoke chemicals. We tested the hypothesis that lower plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] is associated with a higher risk of tobacco-related cancer in the general population.

METHODS

A prospective population-based cohort of 9791 individuals from the Copenhagen City Heart Study who were free of cancer at baseline was followed from 1981–1983 until December 2008 with 100% complete follow-up.

RESULTS

During up to 28 years of follow-up, 1081 participants developed a tobacco-related cancer and 1506 developed other cancers. Decreasing 25(OH)D concentrations, subdivided by clinical categories or by seasonally adjusted percentile categories, were associated with increasing cumulative incidence of tobacco-related cancer (log-rank trend P = 2 × 10−6 and P = 5 × 10−9). Multivariable adjusted hazard ratios of tobacco-related cancer were 1.75 (95% CI, 1.33–2.30) for 25(OH)D <5 vs ≥20 ng/mL, and 2.07 (1.63–2.62) for ≤5th vs >66th percentile. Also, multivariable adjusted hazard ratios for a 50% reduction in 25(OH)D were 1.20 (1.13–1.28) for any tobacco-related cancer, 1.19 (95% CI, 1.09–1.31) for lung cancer, 1.44 (1.19–1.73) for head and neck cancer, 1.28 (1.06–1.54) for bladder cancer, 1.34 (1.04–1.73) for kidney cancer, and 0.95 (0.89–1.01) for other cancers.

CONCLUSIONS

Lower plasma 25(OH)D was associated with higher risk of tobacco-related cancers, but not with risk of other cancers.
Maternal perinatal diet induces developmental programming of bone architecture
Authors: Devlin M J , Grasemann C , Cloutier A M , Louis L , Alm C , Palmert M R , Bouxsein M L
Published: March 2013

Maternal high-fat (HF) diet can alter offspring metabolism via perinatal developmental programming. This study tests the hypothesis that maternal HF diet also induces perinatal programming of offspring bone mass and strength. We compared skeletal acquisition in pups from C57Bl/6J mice fed HF or normal diet from preconception through lactation. Three-week-old male and female pups from HF (HF-N) and normal mothers (N-N) were weaned onto normal diet. Outcomes at 14 and 26 weeks of age included body mass, body composition, whole-body bone mineral content (WBBMC) via peripheral dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, femoral cortical and trabecular architecture via microcomputed tomography, and glucose tolerance. Female HF-N had normal body mass and glucose tolerance, with lower body fat (%) but higher serum leptin at 14 weeks vs N-N (P<0.05 for both). WBBMC was 12% lower at 14 weeks and 5% lower at 26 weeks, but trabecular bone volume fraction was 20% higher at 14 weeks in female HF-N vs N-N (P<0.05 for all). Male HF-N had normal body mass and mildly impaired glucose tolerance, with lower body fat (%) at 14 weeks and lower serum leptin at 26 weeks vs N-N (P<0.05 for both). Serum insulin was higher at 14 weeks and lower at 26 weeks in HF-N vs N-N (P<0.05). Trabecular BV/TV was 34% higher and cortical bone area was 6% higher at 14 weeks vs N-N (P<0.05 for both). These data suggest that maternal HF diet has complex effects on offspring bone, supporting the hypothesis that maternal diet alters postnatal skeletal homeostasis.
Activin A, exendin-4, and glucose stimulate differentiation of human pancreatic ductal cells
Authors: Kim Hyo-Sup , Hong Seung-Hyun , Oh Seung-Hoon , Kim Jae-Hyeon , Lee Myung-Shik , Lee Moon-Kyu
Published: March 2013

Islet transplantation is one treatment option for diabetes mellitus. However, novel sources of pancreatic islets or insulin-producing cells are required because the amount of donor tissue available is severely limited. Pancreatic ductal cells are an alternative source of β-cells because they have the potential to differentiate into insulin-producing cells. We investigated whether treatment of human pancreatic ductal cells with activin A (ActA) and exendin-4 (EX-4) stimulated transdifferentiation of the cells, bothin vitroandin vivo. We treated human pancreatic ductal cells with ActA and EX-4 in high-glucose media to induce differentiation into insulin-producing cells and transplanted the cells into streptozotocin-induced diabetic nude mice. Co-treatment of mice with ActA and EX-4 promoted cell proliferation, induced expression of pancreatic β-cell-specific markers, and caused glucose-induced insulin secretion compared with the ActA or EX-4 mono-treatment groups respectively. When pancreatic ductal cells treated with ActA and EX-4 in high-glucose media were transplanted into diabetic nude mice, their blood glucose levels normalized and insulin was detected in the graft. These findings suggest that pancreatic ductal cells have a potential to replace pancreatic islets for the treatment of diabetes mellitus when the ductal cells are co-treated with ActA, EX-4, and glucose to promote their differentiation into functional insulin-producing cells.
Cortisol regulates epithelial permeability and sodium losses in zebrafish exposed to acidic water
Authors: Kwong Raymond W M , Perry Steve F
Published: March 2013

The effects of cortisol on epithelial permeability and sodium (Na+) handling during acid exposure were investigated in larval zebrafish (Danio rerio). The results demonstrated that the whole-body absorption of the paracellular permeability marker polyethylene glycol-4000 (PEG-4000) decreased with increasing levels of exogenous cortisol. Western blot analysis revealed that the abundance of the epithelial tight junction proteins occludin-a and claudin-b was increased after cortisol treatment. Furthermore, translational gene knockdown of claudin-b using an antisense morpholino oligonucleotide caused an increase in the permeability to PEG-4000, which was mitigated by cortisol treatment, further suggesting a role for cortisol in reducing paracellular permeability. Exposure to acidic water (pH 4.0 vs 7.6) caused an expected increase in the diffusive loss of Na+and a decrease in whole-body Na+levels. These disruptive effects of acute acid exposure on Na+balance were reduced by treatment of larvae with exogenous cortisol. Translational knockdown of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) abolished the effects of cortisol on epithelial PEG permeability, suggesting that activation of GR was probably the major signaling pathway for reducing epithelial permeability. During acid exposure, the epithelial PEG permeability in the GR morphants was significantly higher than in the control fish. Additionally, GR morphants exhibited a more pronounced diffusive loss of Na+than the control fish during acid exposure. These findings suggest that cortisol may help to minimize the negative consequences of acid exposure on Na+homoeostasis via GR-mediated reductions in epithelial permeability and paracellular Na+loss.
Supraphysiological leptin levels shift the profile of steroidogenesis in porcine ovarian follicles toward progesterone and testosterone secretion through increased expressions of CYP11A1 and 17β-HSD: a tissue culture approach
Authors: Gregoraszczuk Ewa Łucja , Rak-Mardyła Agnieszka
Published: March 2013

Evidence from both clinical and animal studies suggests that exposure to excess androgens results in cyst formation. The present in vitro study assessed the effects of supraphysiological concentrations of leptin (20 and 40 ng/ml) on progesterone (P4), androstenedione androstendione (A4), testosterone and estradiol (E2) secretion by ELISA and the expression of CYP11A1, CYP17, 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD) and CYP19 by western blot to answer the question of whether leptin could be independent risk factor for cyst formation in pigs. Small- and medium-sized ovarian follicles were collected from prepubertal and cycling pigs. Increased P4 and testosterone secretions were observed in both small- and medium-sized follicles in prepubertal and cycling animals whereas there was no change in E2 secretion. Leptin treatment resulted in an increase in CYP11A1 and 17β-HSD protein expression but had no effect on CYP17 and CYP19 expression in follicles of either size from prepubertal and cycling pigs. Results of presented data suggest that leptin in elevated doses, by stimulatory effect on CYP11A1 and 17β-HSD protein expression resulting in elevated P4 and testosterone secretions could be an independent risk factor for cyst formation in both prepubertal and cycling pigs.
Defects Associated with Mitochondrial DNA Damage Can Be Mitigated by Increased Vacuolar pH in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Garipler Görkem , Dunn Cory D
Published: March 2013

While searching for mutations that alleviate detrimental effects of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage, we found that disrupting vacuolar biogenesis permitted survival of a sensitized yeast background after mitochondrial genome loss. Furthermore, elevating vacuolar pH increases proliferation after mtDNA deletion and reverses the protein import defect of mitochondria lacking DNA.
Desempenho motor de idosos do Nordeste brasileiro: diferenças entre idade e sexo
Authors: Pinheiro Paloma Andrade , Passos Tássia D'El-Rei Oliveira , Coqueiro Raildo da Silva , Fernandes Marcos Henrique , Barbosa Aline Rodrigues
Published: March 2013

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar o desempenho motor, de acordo com o sexo e o grupo etário, em idosos residentes em comunidade do Nordeste brasileiro. Trata-se de estudo transversal que analisou dados de 316 idosos de uma pesquisa epidemiológica de base domiciliar e populacional realizada em janeiro de 2011. Participaram do estudo 173 mulheres (54,7%) e 143 homens com idade média de 74,2 (± 9,8 anos). As mulheres apresentaram maior declínio funcional com o avanço da idade e mais limitação funcional em testes de força/resistência de membros inferiores e locomoção. Em ambos os sexos, a prevalência de limitação funcional foi mais elevada nos grupos etários de 70-79 anos e > 80 anos, com as mulheres apresentando mais limitação a partir dos 70 anos e os homens, a partir dos 80 anos. Os dados desta pesquisa podem subsidiar o planejamento de medidas para prevenção, manutenção ou melhora da limitação funcional em idosos, proporcionando maiores cuidados integrados.
Desenvolvimento de Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem em Enfermagem sobre ressuscitação cardiorrespiratória em neonatologia
Authors: Rodrigues Rita de Cassia Vieira , Peres Heloisa Helena Ciqueto
Published: March 2013

Esta pesquisa metodológica, aplicada, de produção tecnológica teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento de um Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem (AVA) para educação continuada em enfermagem sobre ressuscitação cardiorrespiratória em neonatologia. Para a elaboração do ambiente adotou-se a metodologia de Galvis Panqueva associada ao design instrucional contextualizado. O ambiente educacional desenvolvido foi denominado ENFNET. A criação de AVA demanda muito estudo, dedicação e investimento, assim como a necessidade de pessoal técnico especializado para sua elaboração. O ambiente foi avaliado positivamente e mostrou-se útil como estratégia para auxiliar na aprendizagem, no desenvolvimento de habilidades e na capacitação profissional de enfermeiros.
Caracterização e classificação de solos em uma topossequência sobre calcário na serra da Bodoquena, MS
Authors: Pereira Marcos Gervasio , Schiavo Jolimar Antonio , Fontana Ademir , Dias Neto Antonino Hypólito , Miranda Luiz Paulo Montenegro de
Published: March 2013

A serra da Bodoquena, localizada no Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul, apresenta particularidades nos seus solos, que diferem de outras regiões do bioma cerrado-pantanal. Este trabalho teve como objetivo ampliar o conhecimento dos solos formados sobre calcário, por meio da caracterização dos seus atributos físicos, químicos, mineralógicos e da matéria orgânica. Foi selecionada uma topossequência sobre calcário, onde foram abertas trincheiras no topo (P1), terço inferior (P2), sopé (P3) e baixada (P4 e P5). Os perfis foram descritos morfologicamente e analisados os atributos físicos, químicos e mineralógicos dos horizontes. De acordo com o Sistema Brasileiro de Classificação de Solos, os solos estudados foram classificados como: (P1) Organossolo Fólico Sáprico lítico - OOs; (P2) Chernossolo Háplico Órtico típico - MXo; (P3) Chernossolo Argilúvico Órtico típico - MTo; (P4) Gleissolo Melânico Carbonático chernossólico - GMk1; e (P5) Gleissolo Melânico Carbonático organossólico - GMk2. Todos os perfis estudados apresentaram cores escuras nos horizontes superficiais e mais avermelhadas ou acinzentadas em profundidade, em razão da drenagem, sempre associados com elevados valores de saturação por bases e tendo o cálcio como cátion predominante no complexo sortivo. Das frações húmicas, a humina representou a maior fração do carbono orgânico em todos os solos. A análise mineralógica constatou a presença de calcita na fração areia nos perfis GMk1 e GMk2 e caulinita, illita e montmorilonita, na fração argila de todos os solos. A ocorrência do Organossolo Fólico em ambiente não altimontano, diferente do relatado pelo Sistema Brasileiro de Classificação de Solos, sugere maior amplitude das condições ambientais para a ocorrência dessa subordem.
Microbial biomass and activity in litter during the initial development of pure and mixed plantations of Eucalyptus grandis and Acacia mangium
Authors: Bini Daniel , Figueiredo Aline Fernandes , Silva Mylenne Cacciolari Pinheiro da , Vasconcellos Rafael Leandro de Figueiredo , Cardoso Elke Jurandy Bran Nogueira
Published: March 2013

Studies on microbial activity and biomass in forestry plantations often overlook the role of litter, typically focusing instead on soil nutrient contents to explain plant and microorganism development. However, since the litter is a significant source of recycled nutrients that affect nutrient dynamics in the soil, litter composition may be more strongly correlated with forest growth and development than soil nutrient contents. This study aimed to test this hypothesis by examining correlations between soil C, N, and P; litter C, N, P, lignin content, and polyphenol content; and microbial biomass and activity in pure and mixed second-rotation plantations of Eucalyptus grandis and Acacia mangium before and after senescent leaf drop. The numbers of cultivable fungi and bacteria were also estimated. All properties were correlated with litter C, N, P, lignin and polyphenols, and with soil C and N. We found higher microbial activity (CO2 evolution) in litter than in soil. In the E. grandis monoculture before senescent leaf drop, microbial biomass C was 46 % higher in litter than in soil. After leaf drop, this difference decreased to 16 %. In A. mangium plantations, however, microbial biomass C was lower in litter than in soil both before and after leaf drop. Microbial biomass N of litter was approximately 94 % greater than that of the soil in summer and winter in all plantations. The number of cultivable fungi and bacteria increased after leaf drop, especially so in the litter. Fungi were also more abundant in the E. grandis litter. In general, the A. mangium monoculture was associated with higher levels of litter lignin and N, especially after leaf drop. In contrast, the polyphenol and C levels in E. grandis monoculture litter were higher after leaf drop. These properties were negatively correlated with total soil C and N. Litter in the mixed stands had lower C:N and C:P ratios and higher N, P, and C levels in the microbial biomass. This suggests more effective nutrient cycling in mixed plantations in the long term, greater stimulation of microbial activity in litter and soil, and a more sustainable system in general.
Padrões nutricionais para lavouras arrozeiras irrigadas por inundação pelos métodos da CDN chance matemática
Authors: Wadt Paulo Guilherme Salvador , Anghinoni Ibanor , Guindani Raquel Hermann Pötter , Lima André Suêldo Tavares de , Puga Aline Peregrina , Silva Gilson Silvério da , Prado Renato de Mello
Published: March 2013

Para o arroz irrigado, poucos trabalhos utilizam métodos de diagnose foliar desenvolvidos para as condições locais de clima, solo ou cultivares. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os métodos da Diagnose da Composição Nutricional e da Chance Matemática na definição dos padrões nutricionais de lavouras arrozeiras do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Resultados de produtividade de grãos e teores foliares de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn e Mo de 356 lavouras arrozeiras cultivadas sob sistema de irrigação por inundação foram utilizados para a determinação das faixas de suficiência calculadas pelo método da Chance Matemática. As faixas de suficiência foram comparadas com valores críticos propostos pela literatura e com o intervalo de confiança do teor médio dos nutrientes em lavouras consideradas nutricionalmente equilibradas, identificadas pelo método Diagnose da Composição Nutricional. Observou-se pouca concordância entre os valores das faixas de suficiência indicados pelos métodos da Chance Matemática e da Diagnose da Composição Nutricional e os respectivos valores indicados na literatura. A faixa de teores foliares adequados, consistentes com maior produtividade média das lavouras arrozeiras, foi indicada ser de 23 a 28 g kg-1 para N; 11 a 14 g kg-1 para K; 1,4 a 2,0 g kg-1 para S; 6 a 12 mg kg-1 para B; e 70 a 200 mg kg-1 para Fe. Para os teores foliares de P, Ca, Mg, B, Cu, Mn e Zn e Mo nenhuma das faixas adequadas testadas indicou capacidade para distinguir as lavouras arrozeiras quanto à produtividade média.
Potential acidity estimated by SMP pH in soils of the state of Pará
Authors: Gama Marcos André Piedade , Matos Gilson Sergio Bastos de , Silva George Rodrigues da , Brasil Edilson Carvalho , Nunes Otiniel Ferreira
Published: March 2013

The use of SMP pH to estimate the potential acidity (H + Al) is more practical than the method of 0.5 mol L-1 calcium acetate for routine laboratory analyses. The objective was to fit an equation to estimate the H + Al from SMP pH values of soils of the State of Pará. From various regions of the state, 177 soil samples were collected, in which the SMP pH was determined in 0.01 mol L-1 CaCl2 solution and H + Al in 0.5 mol L-1 calcium acetate and the results were related by regression analysis. The equation H + Al = 77.77 + 20.61 SMP pH - 1.435 SMP pH² (R² = 0.90) expressed the H + Al values (in cmol c dm-3) best. When the SMP pH values were used in equations referring to other regions or states in Brazil, the H +Al values were over- or underestimated. The potential acidity in soils of Pará can be estimated by the method of SMP pH.
Avaliação da formação de professores: uma perspectiva psicossocial
Authors: Sousa Clarilza Prado de , Bôas Lucia P. S. Villas
Published: March 2013

Com o suporte da teoria das representações sociais, este artigo pretende discutir a relevância de uma análise psicossocial da formação e avaliação docentes entendendo-a como um processo que não envolve somente o domínio de conhecimentos e habilidades de uma determinada área, mas que requer a compreensão dos processos de constituição da identidade profissional, da produção de sua subjetividade, das relações que o professor desenvolve com o outro e com os diferentes outros que participam da sua formação.
Boa educação na era da mensuração
Authors: Biesta Gert
Published: March 2013

Neste artigo, defendo a necessidade de se reconectar com a questão da finalidade na educação, principalmente à luz da tendência recente de focalizar as discussões na área quase exclusivamente na mensuração e na comparação de resultados educacionais. Primeiramente, argumento por que a questão da finalidade deve sempre ter um lugar na discussão educacional. Depois, exploro alguns motivos pelos quais essa questão parece ter desaparecido da agenda educacional. A parte central do artigo é uma proposta para se tratar da questão da finalidade na educação - ou seja, a que diz a respeito ao que constitui uma boa educação - de uma forma sistemática. A questão da finalidade é complexa e, ao deliberar sobre ela, devemos fazer uma distinção entre as três funções da educação a que me refiro: qualificação, socialização e subjetivação. Na parte final do artigo, dou exemplos de como essa proposta pode ajudar a fazer perguntas mais precisas sobre a finalidade e a orientação dos processos e práticas educacionais.
Pobreza e municipalização da educação: análise dos resultados do IDEB (2005-2009)
Authors: Andrews Christina W. , Vries Michiel S. De
Published: March 2013

O artigo apresenta resultados de pesquisa empírica que buscou verificar o impacto da pobreza sobre o Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica em escolas de ensino fundamental em mais de 5.500 municípios brasileiros, comparando o desempenho de escolas estaduais e municipais. Foram analisados os dados de 2005, 2007 e 2009 por meio de regressões lineares simples, resíduos de regressões e de correlações parciais. Os resultados mostram que a pobreza tem um forte impacto no desempenho escolar, chegando a explicar até 60% da variação. Os autores discutem os resultados obtidos vis-à-vis às atuais tendências de políticas educacionais, como as políticas fundamentadas em fatores de input e na responsabilização de professores, apontando suas limitações.
Explorando tendências para a educação no Século XXI
Authors: Romaní Cristóbal Cobo
Published: March 2013

O estudo trata da necessidade de reforçar o letramento e as novas competências digitais entre as gerações mais jovens. Após rever a literatura internacional, propõe uma definição atualizada do conceito de "competências digitais" e descreve as dimensões, estratégias e instrumentos para analisar e avaliar o desenvolvimento do letramento digital que a nova força de trabalho vai precisar.
Influência do desempenho educacional na escolha da profissão
Authors: Gramani Maria Cristina Nogueira , Scrich Cintia Rigão
Published: March 2013

O artigo estuda a influência do desempenho em Matemática na educação básica na escolha de carreiras no ensino superior. A análise, em duas fases, calcula, na primeira delas, uma eficiência relativa educacional em Matemática para cada unidade da federação, utilizando os dados do Sistema Nacional de Avaliação da Educação Básica e do Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio. Na segunda fase, correlaciona essa eficiência com a procura por cursos no vestibular. Se a correlação for forte e positiva, pode-se dizer que o estado com maior eficiência educacional em Matemática apresenta maior procura por esse curso. Os resultados mostram que os estados com maior eficiência em relação à Matemática também são aqueles onde os estudantes escolhem as carreiras mais diretamente ligadas a ela, em especial as engenharias. Outro resultado, e mais preocupante, sugere que as carreiras relativas à formação de professores na área de exatas, como Física e Matemática, são mais procuradas em estados com menor eficiência em Matemática.
Potenciar o desenvolvimento profissional e a colaboração docente na escola
Authors: Forte Ana Maria , Flores Maria Assunção
Published: March 2013

Neste artigo apresentam-se resultados de estudo que procurou compreender as perspetivas e experiências de desenvolvimento profissional de um conjunto de professores articuladas à colaboração no contexto de trabalho. Os dados foram recolhidos através de questionários, entrevistas, relatos e reflexões escritas em escola no norte de Portugal. Os resultados apontam para uma valorização da formação formal, reconhecendo ainda a importância de outras oportunidades de desenvolvimento profissional, como o trabalho colaborativo, sobretudo no nível dos projetos extracurriculares, e não no nível pedagógico e de sala de aula. Os resultados reforçam a ideia de que é premente promover formação em contexto de trabalho como estratégia para proporcionar o desenvolvimento profissional e para desafiar culturas profissionais marcadas pelo isolamento.
Empoderamento dos professores entre direito à educação e mudança social
Authors: Batra Poonam
Published: March 2013

O estudo argumenta que o empoderamento de professores é condição para alcançar uma educação de qualidade e mudanças sociais, mas isso vem sendo sistematicamente negligenciado pelos elaboradores de políticas e planejadores educacionais na Índia. O bom desempenho dos professores é crucial para alcançar mais amplos objetivos sociais, assim como para tornar efetiva a recente legislação que estabelece o direito à educação como um direito fundamental. O currículo do programa de Bacharelado em Educação Elementar, oferecido pela Universidade de Delhi, é discutido em detalhe para ilustrar o potencial da formação inicial de professores para alcançar tais objetivos.
Diretrizes para identificação e análise de fontes de resiliência e fragilidades: estudo de caso em duas empresas de táxi-aéreo
Authors: Carim Junior Guido César , Saurin Tarcisio Abreu
Published: March 2013

O crescente interesse pela engenharia de resiliência (ER) como um paradigma para a gestão da segurança em sistemas sociotécnicos complexos tem demandado métodos para que sejam realizadas avaliações sob essa perspectiva. Nesse contexto, o presente artigo apresenta diretrizes para identificar e analisar fontes de resiliência (FR) e fontes de fragilidades (FF) com impacto na segurança das operações. Inicialmente deve ser realizada uma descrição do sistema sociotécnico, explicitando as práticas informais que garantem a manutenção da sua operação. Em seguida deve ser elaborado e aplicado um protocolo para avaliar o uso de quatro princípios da ER. Uma vez identificadas, as fontes devem ser analisadas segundo cinco categorias: FR ou FF oposta; risco da FF; eficácia da FR; origem interna ou externa; origem formal ou informal. Um estudo de caso em duas empresas de táxi-aéreo ilustra a aplicação das diretrizes, salientando suas limitações, benefícios teóricos e práticos.
Análise da descentralização no desenvolvimento de novos produtos: uma investigação em uma empresa do setor de veículos comerciais
Authors: Segismundo André , Miguel Paulo Augusto Cauchick
Published: March 2013

A literatura atual identifica uma tendência de descentralização no desenvolvimento de novos produtos em âmbito global. Nesse contexto, o objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar a descentralização no desenvolvimento global de produtos (DGP) em uma montadora automotiva. Os fatores que favorecem a descentralização do DGP são considerados como variáveis na investigação, bem como as suas causas. Dada a natureza dos dados (qualitativos), a relevância do contexto (setor automotivo) e o propósito da pesquisa, a abordagem metodológica de estudo de caso é adotada, conduzida em uma montadora de veículos comerciais na unidade no Brasil e na matriz no exterior. Os resultados indicam que a organização investigada reage de maneira similar a outros setores econômicos (como, por exemplo, o setor de telecomunicações), quando se depara com a decisão de descentralização do DGP. O interesse no mercado local e aspectos históricos da evolução da subsidiária brasileira mostraram-se relevantes. Identificou-se também que o produto modular influencia no processo de descentralização do DGP, contraditoriamente a estudos anteriores. A partir desses resultados, é então feita uma proposta de associação entre o tipo de estrutura de DGP e a utilização de projeto modular.