bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A PROTEÇÃO CONSTITUCIONAL E A POSSIBILIDADE DO TRABALHO ARTÍSTICO INFANTIL TELEVISO COM BASE NA DOUTRINA DA PROTEÇÃO INTEGRAL
Authors: Carvalho Gisele Primo
Published: December 2019

O presente artigo científico tem por objetivo a análise da possibilidade do trabalho artístico infantil no segmento televisivo, especificamente na condição de atores e cantores mirins, sob a ótica da Doutrina da Proteção Integral, princípio este norteador das relações envolvendo crianças e adolescentes. Buscou-se discorrer sobre o dispositivo constitucional, artigo 7º, inciso XXXIII, que estabelece o limite mínimo etário para a realização do trabalho no Brasil, aliado à Convenção Internacional n.°138/73 da Organização Internacional do Trabalho, que apresenta uma hipótese de realização do trabalho infantil, antes da faixa etária previsto na CRFB/88. Expõe-se, ainda, o posicionamento da Justiça do Trabalho e do Ministério Público do Trabalho frente a essa temática, além de apresentar casos fáticos, em que se verifica o exercício do trabalho infantil no ramo televisivo. O método utilizado é o indutivo, dispondo a pesquisa do procedimento histórico.
Dieciocho años de sistemas electorales autonómicos : rendimientos y consecuencias políticas
Authors: Medina Mínguez Rosa María
Published: December 2019

I. Introducción. - II. Los sistemas electorales autonómicos. II. 1. Los elementos configuradores de los sistemas electorales autonómicos. II. 2. Las consecuencias de los sistemas electorales para la proporcionalidad. - III. Sistemas de partidos. III. 1. Las dimensiones de los subsistemas autonómicos de partidos. III. 2. Los subsistemas de partidos y las "Españas electorales". - IV. Conclusiones. - Bibliografía.
La renovación del Parlamento, una obra inacabada
Authors: Chrestia Philippe
Published: December 2019

SUMARIO: I. Las competencias progresivamente afirmadas. A. El reforzamiento de la función normativa. 1. La mejora del procedimiento de aprobación de los textos. 2. La limitación de los procedimientos de obstrucción parlamentaria. B. La ampliación de la función de control. 1. La intensificación del control sobre el Gobierno. 2. El desarrollo de otras formas de control. II.los poderes débilmente afirmados. A. Una afirmación institucional hipotética. 1. La pervivencia de la preeminencia del Ejecutivo. 2. La debilidad del impacto sobre la construcción europea. B. Una afirmación personal hipotética. 1. Los progresos alcanzados. 2. Las cuestiones en suspenso.
La génesis parlamentaria de la nueva Ley de Propiedad Horizontal : principios político-legislativos
Authors: Dorrego de Carlos Alberto
Published: December 2019

SUMARIO: I. El origen parlamentario de la reforma. II. LOS grandes objetivos político-legislativos. A) La lucha contra la morosidad en las comunidades. B) La convivencia y las relaciones vecinales. C) El fomento de la conservación y rehabilitación de edificios: el fondo de reserva. D) La modernización organizativa de las comunidades y la crisis del principio de verticalidad: los complejos inmobiliarios.
Cabrera, Mercedes ; Gómez Navarro, José Luis y otros, «Con luz y taquígrafos: El Parlamento en la Restauración» (Recensión)
Authors: Fernández Mera María Victoria
Published: December 2019

Cabrera, Mercedes ; Gómez Navarro, José Luis y otros, «Con luz y taquígrafos: El Parlamento en la Restauración» (Recensión) pp.373-382
Crónica de la Asamblea Parlamentaria del Consejo de Europa : período de sesión (fin de 4.ª parte) de 1999 y (1.ª parte) de 2000
Authors: Stoffel Vallotton Nicole
Published: December 2019

SUMARIO: Introducción. I. Cuestiones políticas. Países no miembros. II. Derechos humanos. EL Cuestiones jurídicas y penales. IV. Economía, agricultura y alimentación. V. cuestiones sociales y de sanidad. VI. educación, ciencia, tecnología y cultura. VII Medio ambiente y administración local. VIII. Población, refugiados, formación profesional. IX. Cuestiones administrativas y reglas de procedimiento.
El positivismo jurídico y el punto de vista interno
Authors: Sastre Santiago
Published: December 2019

SUMARIO: 1. Introducción. 2. El punto de vista interno en Hart. 3. El punto de vista interno como puerta de entrada de la moral en el derecho. 4. Neutralidad, punto de vista externo y positivismo jurídico. 5. EL papel de la convergencia de los funcionarios en la interpretación positivista del punto de vista interno.
Peguera, Lluis de: «Practica, forma y estil, de celebrar Corts Generals en Cathalvnya, y materias incidents en aquellas» (Recensión)
Authors: Hierrezuelo Conde Guillermo
Published: December 2019

Recensión de la obra: Joaquín González: Corrupción y justicia democrática. Introducción a una teoría de la función judicial en las sociedades en cambio. Marcial Pons Distribución. Clamores. Madrid, 2000. 414 páginas
Sánchez Bravo, Alvaro: «Libertad y justicia. Homenaje a Ma-nuel Rico Lara» (Recensión)
Authors: Prados Pérez Elisa
Published: December 2019

Recensión de la obra: Sánchez Bravo, Álvaro (coordinador). Libertad y justicia. Homenaje a Manuel Rico Lara, Mergablum y Fundación Enrique Luño Peña, Sevilla, 2000, 229 pp. Prólogo del Prof.Dr. Sánchez Bravo.
Cortes Generales y supletoriedad del Derecho estatal
Authors: Tajadura Tejada Javier
Published: December 2019

SUMARIO: 1. Introducción. - 2. La interpretación inicial de la cláusula de supletoriedad: la tesis de Ignacio de Otto. - 3. Las sentencias constitucionales 118/1996, de 27 de junio, y 61/1997,20 de marzo, a propósito de las Leyes estatales dictadas expresamente como supletorias. 3.1. La STC118/1996, de 27 de junio. 3.2. La STC 61/97, de 20 de marzo. 3.3. Los votos particulares del Magistrado don Manuel Jiménez de Parga. 3.4. Objeciones doctrinales a las SSTC 118/1996 y 61/1997. 4. supletoriedad y legislación básica. - 5. ¿mutación o falseamiento constitucional? 5.1. La mutación constitucional y sus límites. 5.2. Consecuencias del falseamiento constitucional sobre los principios estructurales del Estado. 6. conclusión. 7. Nota bibliográfica
Biografía política de Luis Recaséns Siches
Authors: Rivaya Benjamín
Published: December 2019

SUMARIO: I. De la dictadura a la república. - II. La Instauración de la República y el Bienio Reformista. - III. El Bienio radical cedista. - IV. El frente popular y el inicio de la guerra civil. - V. abreviaturas. - VI. Bibliografía citada de Luis Recaséns.
Ante el desarrollo legislativo del derecho de petición
Authors: Belda Pérez-Pedrero Enrique
Published: December 2019

SUMARIO: 1. Introducción. . 2. El Derecho de Petición en españa. Visión general. Precedentes en el constitucionalismo histórico. ¿En qué consiste el derecho de petición? Naturaleza del derecho. Sujetos que piden y sujetos que atienden. Forma de pedir. Procedimiento. Contenido del derecho. La ley de desarrollo. Derecho de petición para las Fuerzas Armadas y para reclusos. Garantías del derecho de petición. Nota repetida: un derecho fundamental de escasa trascendencia. - 3. Parlamento y derecho de petición. A partir del art. 77 CE. Derecho de petición y reglamentos de las Cámaras. La petición en otras sedes representativas. - 4. El desarrollo legislativo del derecho. Propuestas de la doctrina con anterioridad a la tramitación y aprobación de la Ley. Hechos relevantes del proceso de iniciativa y elaboración de la Ley Orgánica reguladora del Derecho de Petición. Caracteres de la nueva regulación. La petición como recurso complementario de participación política y remedio de asuntos particulares. 5. bibliografía.
Crónica de la Asamblea Parlamentaria del Consejo de Europa (junio a septiembre 2001)
Authors: Stoffel Vallotton Nicole
Published: December 2019

SUMARIO: Introducción. -1. Cuestiones políticas. Países no miembros. - II. Derechos humanos. - III. Cuestiones jurídicas y penales. - IV. Economía, agricultura y alimentación. - V. cuestiones sociales y de sanidad. - VI. Educación, ciencia, tecnología y cultura. - VIL Medio ambiente y administración local. - VIII. Población, refugiados, formación profesional. - IX. Cuestiones administrativas y reglas de procedimiento.
Consejos consultivos autonómicos tras las reformas estatutarias
Authors: López-Medel Báscones Jesús
Published: December 2019

Reflexión sobre: Consejos consultivos autonómicos tras las reformas estatutarias
La delegación de la competencia legislativa en las Comisiones. (Algunas reflexiones constitucionales desde la perspectiva italiana)
Authors: Fernández Segado Francisco
Published: December 2019

SUMARIO: I. Introducción: el nuevo rol de las Comisiones en el marco del Parlamento del Estado social y democrático de derecho. - II. El procedimiento legislativo descentralizado en la Constitución española. Sus antecedentes. - III. Naturaleza jurídica de la institución. - IV. La reserva de ley de Pleno. - V. La facultad de avocación del Pleno.
Schmitt, Carl: «Catolicismo y forma política» (Recensión)
Authors: Jiménez Segado Carmelo
Published: December 2019

Recensión de la obra: Carl Schmitt, Catolicismo y forma política, Madrid, Tecnos, 2000. Estudio preliminar, traducción y notas de Carlos Ruiz Miguel. XLII +49 páginas.
AA.VV., «Las razones del derecho natural. Perspectivas teóricas y metodológicas ante la crisis del positivismo jurídico», coord. R. Rabbi-Baldi Cabanillas (Recensión)
Authors: Massini Correas Carlos I.
Published: December 2019

Recensión de la obra: AA.VV., Las razones del derecho natural. Perspectivas teóricas y metodológicas ante la crisis del positivismo jurídico, coord. R. Rabbi-Baldi Cabanillas, Buenos Aires, Ábaco-Universidad Austral, 2000, 358 páginas.
Los Defensores del Pueblo autonómicos
Authors: López-Medel Báscones Jesús
Published: December 2019

Reflexión sobre: Los Defensores del Pueblo autonómicos
Students� Perception of Digital Texts Reading: A Case Study at the English Education Department of Universitas Kristen Indonesi
Authors: Manalu Benny Hinn
Published: December 2019

This study was conducted to explore students' perceptions of reading digital texts. To attain the objective, the data were collected through an online questionnaire uploaded in Google Form and an interview. The questionnaire was intended to collect quantitative data concerning the participants� responses about their interest and motivation, digital text reading efficacy, problems in digital text reading, and preference towards digital or printed text reading. The participants of the study were 65 English pre-service teachers selected from the whole students of the English Education Department of Universitas Kristen Indonesia in the academic year 2019/2020, and the sample was 65 participants. The collected data were analyzed descriptively using Microsoft excel. The findings revealed that the participants perceived digital texts reading positively. They preferred reading digital texts because they were motivating, interesting, and suite their expected way of reading. The main problem they encountered in reading digital texts was due to the screen light which could irritate their eyes.
PENILAIAN TERHADAP RASIONALITAS PENGGUNAAN ANTIBIOTIKA PADA BALITA PENDERITA PNEUMONIA PUSKESMAS BOGOR UTARA
Authors: Indriani Lusi
Published: December 2019

Pneumonia adalah penyakit peradangan paru yang disebabkan oleh infeksi bakteri, virus, maupun jamur. Penyakit infeksi menular ini menjadi salah satu penyebab utama kematian pada balita di dunia. Pengobatan pneumonia dengan terapi antibiotika yang tepat dan rasional akan menentukan keberhasilan pengobatan. Penelitian ini menilai rasionalitas penggunaan antibiotika pada balita penderita pneumonia di Puskesmas Bogor Utara periode Januari-Desember tahun 2016. Penilaian dilakukan berdasarkan metode Gyssens dengan melihat ketepatan indikasi, ketepatan pemilihan obat, ketepatan jangka waktu penggunaan, dan ketepatan dosis antibiotika. Hasil penilaian rasionalitas dengan metode Gyssens pada kategori V (tidak rasional karena tidak ada indikasi penggunaan antibiotika) adalah 0%, kategori IVa (tidak rasional karena ada antibiotika lain yang lebih efektif) adalah 0%, kategori IVd (tidak rasional karena ada antibiotika lain yang spektrumnya lebih sempit) 0%, kategori IIIa (tidak rasional karena pemberian antibiotika terlalu lama) 0%, kategori IIIb (tidak rasional karena pemberian antibiotika terlalu singkat) 9,6%, katogeri IIa (tidak rasional karena dosis tidak tepat) sebanyak 43,8%, serta kategori 0 (penggunaan antibiotika tepat/rasional) sebanyak 46,6%. Dari semua kategori yang dinilai dapat disimpulkan bahwa di Puskesmas Bogor Utara, pemilihan antibiotika untuk pneumonia sudah rasional kecuali untuk kategori dosis dan lama atau jangka waktu pemberian yang tidak tepat/ rasional.
Diabetic striatopathy- rare case of Chorea associated with Non-ketotic hyperglycemia
Authors: Sidana Shivani , Bhat Moomin Hussain , Masoodi Shariq Rashid , Sharma Atul
Published: December 2019

Non-ketotic hyperglycemia (NKHG) has been reported to increase the probability of seizures and movement disorders especially in elderly population. Here we report a case of long standing diabetes who presented with poor glycemic control and choreoathetoid movements of right upper limb, with Magnetic resonance imaging showing hyperintense lesion on T1 sequence in left basal ganglia suggestive of Diabetic striatopathy. These patients may get frequently misdiagnosed to have neurological disease, however recognition of this association is important as the condition may quickly resolve when NKHG is controlled.
Effects of Choline Chloride, Copper Sulfate and Zinc Oxide on Long-Term Stabilization of Microencapsulated Vitamins in Premixes for Weanling Piglets
Authors: Yang Pan , Wang Huakai , Zhu Min , Ma Yongxi
Published: December 2019

Two in vitro experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of choline chloride, copper sulfate (CuSO4) and zinc oxide (ZnO) on the stability of vitamin A (VA), vitamin D3 (VD3), vitamin E (VE), vitamin K3 (VK3), vitamin B1 (VB1), vitamin B2 (VB2), vitamin B6 (VB6), niacin, and pantothenic acid in vitamin and vitamin/trace mineral (VTM) premixes for weanling piglets after 0, 1, 2, 3, 6 and 12 months of premix storage. We developed predicted equations to estimate vitamin retention during storage. Two vitamin premixes (with or without choline) were formulated and stored at 25 °C and 60% humidity to establish the storage stability of vitamin premixes. Additionally, four VTM premixes were used to evaluate the effect of choline chloride (0 vs. 40,000 mg/kg) and trace minerals (Low CuSO4 + ZnO vs. High CuSO4 + ZnO) on vitamin stability in VTM premixes stored at room temperature (22 °C). In general, as storage time increased, residual vitamin activity decreased (p < 0.05). The results confirmed that VD3, VE, VB2, VB6, niacin and pantothenic acid were highly stable during storage, while the retention of VA, VK3 and VB1 was significantly affected by storage time and the presence of choline and high concentrations of Cu and Zn in the premix. After one year of storage, the retention of VE, VB2, VB6 niacin, and pantothenic acid was more than 90% in vitamin and VTM premixes. The retention of VD3 was more than 90% in vitamin premixes and more than 80% in VTM premixes after one year of storage. We conclude that current microencapsulation techniques for vitamin premixes appear to be inadequate to guarantee VA, VK3, and VB1 concentrations in VTM premixes.
Propagation of Cosh-Airy and Cos-Airy Beams in Parabolic Potential
Authors: Zhou Yimin , Xu Yiqing , Chu Xiuxiang , Zhou Guoquan
Published: December 2019

The analytical expressions of one-dimensional cosh-Airy and cos-Airy beams in the parabolic potential are derived in the general and the phase transition points. The expression in the phase transition point shows a symmetric Gaussian intensity profile and is independent of any Airy features, which is completely different from that in the general point. The intensity, the center of gravity, and the effective beam size of the cosh-Airy and cos-Airy beams in the parabolic potential are periodic and have the same period. The effects of the transverse displacement, the cosh factor, and the cosine factor on these periodic behaviors are also investigated. The direction of self-acceleration reverses every half-period. The phase transition point is also the inversion point of the intensity distribution, which indicates that the intensity distributions before and after the phase transition point are mirror symmetrical. The periodic behaviors of the normalized intensity, the center of gravity, and the effective beam size of the cosh-Airy and cos-Airy beams in the parabolic potential are attractive and well displayed. The results obtained here may have potential applications in particle manipulation, signal processing, and so on.
Thermomechanical Performance of Bio-Inspired Corrugated-Core Sandwich Structure for a Thermal Protection System Panel
Authors: Le Vinh Tung , Goo Nam Seo
Published: December 2019

A skin structure for thermal protection is one of the most interesting components that needs to be considered in the design of a hypersonic vehicle. The thermal protection structure, if a dense structure is used, is heavy and has a large heat conduction path. Thus, a lightweight, high strength structure is preferable. Currently, for designing a lightweight structure with high strength, natural materials are of great interest for achieving low density, high strength, and toughness. This paper presents bio-inspired lightweight structures that ensure high strength for a thermal protection system (TPS). A sinusoidal shape inspired by the microstructure of the dactyl club of Odontodactylus scyllarus, known as the peacock mantis shrimp, is presented with two different geometries, a unidirectionally corrugated core sandwich structure (UCS) and a bidirectionally corrugated core sandwich structure (BCS). Thermomechanical analysis of the two corrugated core structures is performed under simulated aerodynamic heating, and the total deflection and thermal stress are presented. The maximum deflection of the present sandwich structure throughout a mission flight was 1.74 mm for the UCS and 2.04 mm for the BCS. Compared with the dense structure used for the skin structure of the TPS, the bio-inspired corrugated core sandwich structures achieved about a 65% weight reduction, while the deflections still satisfied the limits for delaying the hypersonic boundary layer transition. Moreover, we first fabricated the BCS to test the thermomechanical behaviors under a thermal load. Finally, we examined the influence of the core thickness, face-sheet thickness, and emittance in the simulation model to identify appropriate structural parameters in the TPS optimization. The present corrugated core sandwich structures could be employed as a skin structure for metallic TPS panels instead of the honeycomb sandwich structure.
A Computer-Aided Detection System for the Detection of Lung Nodules Based on 3D-ResNet
Authors: Ning Jiaxu , Zhao Haitong , Lan Lei , Sun Peng , Feng Yunfei
Published: December 2019

In recent years, the research into automatic aided detection systems for pulmonary nodules has been extremely active. Most of the existing studies are based on 2D convolution neural networks, which cannot make full use of computed tomography’s (CT) 3D spatial information. To address this problem, a computer-aided detection (CAD) system for lung nodules based on a 3D residual network (3D-ResNet) inspired by cognitive science is proposed in this paper. In this system, we feed the slice information extracted from three different axis planes into the U-NET network set, and make the joint decision to generate a candidate nodule set, which is the input of the proposed 3D residual network after extraction. We extracted 3D samples with 40, 44, 48, 52, and 56 mm sides from each candidate nodule in the candidate set and feed them into the trained residual network to get the probability of positive nodule after re-sampling the 3D sample to

48
×
48
×
48

mm

3

. Finally, a joint judgment is made based on the probabilities of five 3D samples of different sizes to obtain the final result. Random rotation and translation and data amplification technology are used to prevent overfitting during network training. The detection intensity on the largest public data set (i.e., the Lung Image Database Consortium and Image Database Resource Initiative—LIDC-IDRI) reached 86.5% and 92.3% at 1 frame per second (FPs) and 4 FPs respectively using our algorithm, which is better than most CAD systems using 2D convolutional neural networks. In addition, a 3D residual network and a multi-section 2D convolution neural network were tested on the unrelated Tianchi dataset. The results indicate that 3D-ResNet has better feature extraction ability than multi-section 2D-ConvNet and is more suitable for reduction of false positive nodules.
Observed Exposure of Population and Gross Domestic Product to Extreme Precipitation Events in the Poyang Lake Basin, China
Authors: Zhan Mingjin , Zhai Jianqing , Sun Hemin , Li Xiucang , Xia Lingjun
Published: December 2019

Based on the observation data from the Poyang Lake Basin (China), an extreme precipitation event (EPE) is defined as that for which daily precipitation exceeded a threshold of 50 mm over a continuous area for a given time scale. By considering the spatiotemporal continuity of EPEs, the intensity–area–duration method is applied to study both the characteristics of EPEs and the population and gross domestic product (GDP) exposures. The main results are as follows. (1) During 1961–2014, the frequencies and the intensities of the EPEs are found to be increasing. (2) The annual area impacted by EPEs is determined as 7.4 × 104 km2 with a general upward trend of 400 km2/year. (3) The annually exposed population is estimated as 19% of the entire population of the Basin, increasing by 1.37 × 105/year. The annual exposure of GDP is 8.5% of the entire GDP of the Basin, increasing by 3.8 billion Yuan/year. The Poyang Lake Basin experiences serious extreme precipitation with increasing trends in frequency, intensity, and exposure (for both GDP and population). It is imperative that effective disaster prevention and reduction measures be adopted in this area to mitigate the effects of extreme precipitation.
Typical and Aberrant Functional Brain Flexibility: Lifespan Development and Aberrant Organization in Traumatic Brain Injury and Dyslexia
Authors: Dimitriadis Stavros I. , Simos Panagiotis G. , Fletcher Jack Μ. , Papanicolaou Andrew C.
Published: December 2019

Intrinsic functional connectivity networks derived from different neuroimaging methods and connectivity estimators have revealed robust developmental trends linked to behavioural and cognitive maturation. The present study employed a dynamic functional connectivity approach to determine dominant intrinsic coupling modes in resting-state neuromagnetic data from 178 healthy participants aged 8–60 years. Results revealed significant developmental trends in three types of dominant intra- and inter-hemispheric neuronal population interactions (amplitude envelope, phase coupling, and phase-amplitude synchronization) involving frontal, temporal, and parieto-occipital regions. Multi-class support vector machines achieved 89% correct classification of participants according to their chronological age using dynamic functional connectivity indices. Moreover, systematic temporal variability in functional connectivity profiles, which was used to empirically derive a composite flexibility index, displayed an inverse U-shaped curve among healthy participants. Lower flexibility values were found among age-matched children with reading disability and adults who had suffered mild traumatic brain injury. The importance of these results for normal and abnormal brain development are discussed in light of the recently proposed role of cross-frequency interactions in the fine-grained coordination of neuronal population activity.
A Pathway-Based Genomic Approach to Identify Medications: Application to Alcohol Use Disorder
Authors: Ferguson Laura B. , Patil Shruti , Moskowitz Bailey A. , Ponomarev Igor , Harris Robert A. , Mayfield Roy D. , Messing Robert O.
Published: December 2019

Chronic, excessive alcohol use alters brain gene expression patterns, which could be important for initiating, maintaining, or progressing the addicted state. It has been proposed that pharmaceuticals with opposing effects on gene expression could treat alcohol use disorder (AUD). Computational strategies comparing gene expression signatures of disease to those of pharmaceuticals show promise for nominating novel treatments. We reasoned that it may be sufficient for a treatment to target the biological pathway rather than lists of individual genes perturbed by AUD. We analyzed published and unpublished transcriptomic data using gene set enrichment of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways to identify biological pathways disrupted in AUD brain and by compounds in the Library of Network-based Cellular Signatures (LINCS L1000) and Connectivity Map (CMap) databases. Several pathways were consistently disrupted in AUD brain, including an up-regulation of genes within the Complement and Coagulation Cascade, Focal Adhesion, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, and MAPK signaling, and a down-regulation of genes within the Oxidative Phosphorylation pathway, strengthening evidence for their importance in AUD. Over 200 compounds targeted genes within those pathways in an opposing manner, more than twenty of which have already been shown to affect alcohol consumption, providing confidence in our approach. We created a user-friendly web-interface that researchers can use to identify drugs that target pathways of interest or nominate mechanism of action for drugs. This study demonstrates a unique systems pharmacology approach that can nominate pharmaceuticals that target pathways disrupted in disease states such as AUD and identify compounds that could be repurposed for AUD if sufficient evidence is attained in preclinical studies.
The Formation Mechanism and Model of the Surface Nanoscale Kirkendall Effect on Au Catalyst Island/GaAs Substrate by Thermal Vapor-Liquid-Solid Method with Two-Step Temperature Mode
Authors: DAO Khac An , Pham Hong Trang , Nguyen Tien Thanh , Phan Anh Tuan
Published: December 2019

The Surface Nanoscale Kirkendall Effect is an important part of the Kirkendall effect, and has special role in the formation of surface nano material configurations. It can also cause faults in interconnection contact systems, yet this kind of effect has not yet been identified and studied in detail. Based on the obtained experimental results, this paper proposes a formation mechanism and model of the mixed-surface nanoscale Kirkendall effect formed by the role of Au metal catalyst islands/strips on a GaAs surface using the thermal Vapor-Liquid-Solid method. The diffusion of Ga, As, O atoms and the absorption of O atoms from a low-vacuum ambient into Au droplets forming surface nanoscale Au/Ga/O clusters leaves behind vacancies and voids; this process results in the nanoscale Kirkendall effect. In addition, the outward diffusion of the surface nanoscale Au/Ga/O clusters leaving behind bare GaAs holes in place of the former Au island forms the surface Kirkendall effect. Consequently, the combination of the two mentioned effects forms a new kind of KE, the so-called Surface Nanoscale Kirkendall Effect. This effect is generated either partly or completely, depending on the technological conditions. Accompanying this effect, the different configurations of nanomaterials have grown in number. The outward diffusion of surface nanoscale Au/Ga/O clusters was caused by the concentration of surface cluster gradients, the weakening of chemical bonds due to the accumulation of vacancies, the porosity, and pit-etching beneath the Au island. The diffusivity of surface Au/Ga/O clusters is numerically estimated. Its values vary from 2 × 10−10 to 10−11 m2/s. Potential applications of the surface nanoscale Kirkendall effect, making use of its advantages, limitations and disadvantages, are also discussed and proposed.
Selective Conversion of Glucose to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural by Using L-Type Zeolites with Different Morphologies
Authors: Ginés-Molina María José , Ahmad Nur Hidayahni , Mérida-Morales Sandra , García-Sancho Cristina , Mintova Svetlana , Eng-Poh Ng , Maireles-Torres Pedro
Published: December 2019

In the present work, the morphology of L-type zeolite (LTL topology) has been modified in order to evaluate the influence of several protonated-form LTL-zeolites with different morphologies on their stability and catalytic performance in the conversion of glucose into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF). Physico-chemical characterization of the LTL-based catalysts has revealed that the three types of morphologies (needle, short rod and cylinder) are active, providing complete glucose conversion and high 5-HMF yield values. The addition of CaCl2 had a positive influence on the catalytic performance. It was found that morphology influences the textural and acid properties of LTL-zeolites, and hence their catalytic performance. The best catalytic results have been obtained with the NEEDLE-LTL, showing nanoparticles with a length of 4.46 μm and a width of 0.63 μm, which attains a 5-HMF yield of 63%, at 175 °C after 90 min of reaction, and a glucose conversion of 88%. The reusability study has revealed a progressive decrease in 5-HMF yield after each catalytic cycle. Different regeneration methods have been essayed without recovering the initial catalytic activity. The presence of organic molecules in micropores has been demonstrated by TG analysis, which are difficult to remove even after a regeneration process at 550 °C.
Small Particles, Big Effects: The Interplay Between Exosomes and Dendritic Cells in Antitumor Immunity and Immunotherapy
Authors: Benites Bruno Deltreggia , Alvarez Marisa Claudia , Saad Sara Teresinha Olalla
Published: December 2019

Dendritic cells play a fundamental role in the antitumor immunity cycle, and the loss of their antigen-presenting function is a recognized mechanism of tumor evasion. We have recently demonstrated the effect of exosomes extracted from serum of patients with acute myeloid leukemia as important inducers of dendritic cell immunotolerance, and several other works have recently demonstrated the effects of these nanoparticles on immunity to other tumor types as well. The aim of this review was to highlight the recent findings on the effects of tumor exosomes on dendritic cell functions, the mechanisms by which they can lead to tumor evasion, and their manipulation as a possible strategy in cancer treatment.
Phosphatidylinositol Monophosphates Regulate Optimal Vav1 Signaling Output
Authors: Rodríguez-Fdez Sonia , Citterio Carmen , Lorenzo-Martín L. Francisco , Baltanás-Copado Jesús , Llorente-González Clara , Corbalán-García Senena , Vicente-Manzanares Miguel , Bustelo Xosé R.
Published: December 2019

Phosphatidylinositol–5 phosphate (PI5P) and other mono-phosphoinositides (mono-PIs) play second messenger roles in both physiological and pathological conditions. Despite this, their intracellular targets and mechanisms of action remain poorly characterized. Here, we show that Vav1, a protein that exhibits both Rac1 GDP/GTP exchange and adaptor activities, is positively modulated by PI5P and, possibly, other mono-PIs. Unlike other phospholipid–protein complexes, the affinity and specificity of the Vav1–lipid interaction entail a new structural solution that involves the synergistic action of the Vav1 C1 domain and an adjacent polybasic tail. This new regulatory layer, which is not conserved in the Vav family paralogs, favors the engagement of optimal Vav1 signaling outputs in lymphocytes.
Self-Assembling Scaffolds Supported Long-Term Growth of Human Primed Embryonic Stem Cells and Upregulated Core and Naïve Pluripotent Markers
Authors: McKee Christina , Brown Christina , Chaudhry G. Rasul
Published: December 2019

The maintenance and expansion of human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in two-dimensional (2-D) culture is technically challenging, requiring routine manipulation and passaging. We developed three-dimensional (3-D) scaffolds to mimic the in vivo microenvironment for stem cell proliferation. The scaffolds were made of two 8-arm polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymers functionalized with thiol (PEG-8-SH) and acrylate (PEG-8-Acr) end groups, which self-assembled via a Michael addition reaction. When primed ESCs (H9 cells) were mixed with PEG polymers, they were encapsulated and grew for an extended period, while maintaining their viability, self-renewal, and differentiation potential both in vitro and in vivo. Three-dimensional (3-D) self-assembling scaffold-grown cells displayed an upregulation of core pluripotency genes, OCT4, NANOG, and SOX2. In addition, the expression of primed markers decreased, while the expression of naïve markers substantially increased. Interestingly, the expression of mechanosensitive genes, YAP and TAZ, was also upregulated. YAP inhibition by Verteporfin abrogated the increased expression of YAP/TAZ as well as core and naïve pluripotent markers. Evidently, the 3-D culture conditions induced the upregulation of makers associated with a naïve state of pluripotency in the primed cells. Overall, our 3-D culture system supported the expansion of a homogenous population of ESCs and should be helpful in advancing their use for cell therapy and regenerative medicine.
Production of Phosphorescent Coatings on 6082 Aluminum Using Sr0.95Eu0.02Dy0.03Al2O4-δ Powder and Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation
Authors: Auzins Krisjanis , Zolotarjovs Aleksejs , Bite Ivita , Laganovska Katrina , Vitola Virginija , Smits Krisjanis , Millers Donats
Published: December 2019

In this study, a new approach for producing phosphorescent aluminum coatings was studied. Using the plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) process, a porous oxide coating was produced on the Al6082 aluminum alloy substrate. Afterwards, activated strontium aluminate (SrAl2O4: Eu2+, Dy3+) powder was filled into the cavities and pores of the PEO coating, which resulted in a surface that exhibits long-lasting luminescence. The structural and optical properties were studied using XRD, SEM, and photoluminescence measurements. It was found that the treatment time affects the morphology of the coating, which influences the amount of strontium aluminate powder that can be incorporated into the coating and the resulting afterglow intensity.
Innovative Wood Surface Treatments Based on Nanotechnology
Authors: Papadopoulos Antonios N. , Taghiyari Hamid R.
Published: December 2019

This work reviewed innovative wood surface treatments based on nanotechnology. It is well documented in the literature that the cell walls of wood present significant porosity; this porosity is on a molecular scale. The main reason for the use of nanotechnology in wood science and technology is the unique characteristic of nano-based materials to effectively penetrate deeply into wood substrates, which, in turns, results in the alteration of their surface chemistry. This subsequently causes an improvement in wood properties. Any potential change in the wood properties due to treatment with nanomaterials is based on the higher interfacial area which is developed due to the treatment. This occurs because the number of particles is significantly reduced to the nanoscale. The nanomaterials improve the properties of wood as a raw material and alter its original features to a limited extent. However, their potential impact on both health and the environment should be addressed by applying tools such as life-cycle assessments. This will avoid mistakes being made in which new technologies are released on the market prior to an impact assessment having been carried out.
Device Design Assessment of GaN Merged P-i-N Schottky Diodes
Authors: Zhang Yuliang , Lu Xing , Zou Xinbo
Published: December 2019

Device characteristics of GaN merged P-i-N Schottky (MPS) diodes were evaluated and studied via two-dimensional technology computer-aided design (TCAD) after calibrating model parameters and critical electrical fields with experimental proven results. The device’s physical dimensions and drift layer concentration were varied to study their influence on the device’s performance. Extending the inter-p-GaN region distance or the Schottky contact portion could enhance the forward conduction capability; however, this leads to compromised electrical field screening effects from neighboring PN junctions, as well as reduced breakdown voltage. By reducing the drift layer background concentration, a higher breakdown voltage was expected for MPSs, as a larger portion of the drift layer itself could be depleted for sustaining vertical reverse voltage. However, lowering the drift layer concentration would also result in a reduction in forward conduction capability. The method and results of this study provide a guideline for designing MPS diodes with target blocking voltage and forward conduction at a low bias.
Results from the First Phase of the Seafloor Backscatter Processing Software Inter-Comparison Project
Authors: Malik Mashkoor , Schimel Alexandre C. G. , Masetti Giuseppe , Roche Marc , Le Deunf Julian , Dolan Margaret F.J. , Beaudoin Jonathan , Augustin Jean-Marie , Hamilton Travis , Parnum Iain
Published: December 2019

Seafloor backscatter mosaics are now routinely produced from multibeam echosounder data and used in a wide range of marine applications. However, large differences (>5 dB) can often be observed between the mosaics produced by different software packages processing the same dataset. Without transparency of the processing pipeline and the lack of consistency between software packages raises concerns about the validity of the final results. To recognize the source(s) of inconsistency between software, it is necessary to understand at which stage(s) of the data processing chain the differences become substantial. To this end, willing commercial and academic software developers were invited to generate intermediate processed backscatter results from a common dataset, for cross-comparison. The first phase of the study requested intermediate processed results consisting of two stages of the processing sequence: the one-value-per-beam level obtained after reading the raw data and the level obtained after radiometric corrections but before compensation of the angular dependence. Both of these intermediate results showed large differences between software solutions. This study explores the possible reasons for these differences and highlights the need for collaborative efforts between software developers and their users to improve the consistency and transparency of the backscatter data processing sequence.
Comparison of Postoperative Opioid Consumption and Pain Scores in Primary Versus Repeat Cesarean Delivery in Opioid Naïve Patients
Authors: Chao Amanda , Pasca Ioana , Alschuler Matthew , Lee Jay , Woodfin Michelle , Pugh Justin , Austin Briahnna , Ringer Mark , Ramsingh Davinder
Published: December 2019

Background: Cesarean deliveries represent a large percentage of deliveries worldwide. Patients undergoing repeat cesarean deliveries are known to have increased risks for surgical complications. However, little is known regarding potential differences in pain. We sought to compare postoperative opioid consumption and pain scores in opioid naïve patients undergoing primary versus repeat non-emergent cesarean delivery. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study. Patient inclusion criteria included: having a non-emergent cesarean delivery, receiving a spinal procedure for surgical anesthesia without general anesthesia, and following the same postoperative pain management protocols. Exclusion criteria included: history of opioid tolerance, illicit drug use, or prior, non-obstetric, major abdominal surgery. The primary outcome marker was total morphine equivalents consumed 0–72 h post-procedure compared between the primary versus repeat cesarean delivery groups. Secondary outcome markers were opioid consumption and pain scores in 24-h period increments for the first 72 h postoperatively. Results: 1617 patients were screened. 217 primary and 377 repeat cesarean deliveries met criteria for comparison. Reduced opioid consumption was demonstrated for the total opioid consumption 0–72 h for the repeat cesarean delivery group (median = 35) compared to the primary cesarean delivery group (median = 58), p = 0.0005. When divided into 24-h periods, differences were demonstrated for the 24–48 and 48–72 h periods but not the 0–24 h period. Pain scores did not differ statistically. Conclusion: Opioid naïve obstetric patients who undergo non-emergent repeat cesarean delivery demonstrate lower opioid consumption in the postoperative period. Providers should be aware of this potential difference in order to better educate patients and provide adequate pain management. Highlights: The study reviewed differences in opioid consumption between primary and repeat cesarean deliveries. All patients received the same protocol for spinal dosage and pain management. Repeat cesarean deliveries were associated with lower opioid consumption.
Influence of Biologically Oriented Preparation Technique on Peri-Implant Tissues; Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial with Three-Year Follow-Up. Part II: Soft Tissues
Authors: Agustín-Panadero Rubén , Bustamante-Hernández Naia , Labaig-Rueda Carlos , Fons-Font Antonio , Fernández-Estevan Lucía , Solá-Ruíz María Fernanda
Published: December 2019

Purpose: The objective of this prospective randomized clinical trial (RCT) was to analyze and compare the clinical behavior of three types of prosthesis supported by single implants in the posterior region after three years of functional loading. Materials and methods: Seventy-five implants were divided into three groups according to the type of prosthetic restoration: screw-retained crown (group GS); cemented crown without finishing line (biologically oriented preparation technique) (group GBOPT); and conventional cemented crown with finishing line (group GCC). After three years in function, clinical parameters (presence of keratinized mucosa, probing depths, bleeding on probing, and radiographic bone loss) were compared between the three experimental groups. The possible correlation between soft tissue clinical parameters and bone loss was also analyzed. Results: Statistical analysis found significant differences in clinical parameters between the different types of crown, with the cemented restoration without finishing line (BOPT) presenting fewer complications and better peri-implant health outcomes including: significantly different KMW data (mm), with significant differences between groups GBOPT and GCC (p < 0.001, Kruskal–Wallis test), with GBOPT obtaining larger quantities of keratinized mucosa (KM); statistically significant differences in probing depth (PD) values between groups GBOPT and GCC (p = 0.010, Kruskal–Wallis test); significant differences in bleeding on probing (BOP) between groups GBOPT and GCC (p = 0.018, Chi2 test) in favor of GBOPT. Conclusions: Soft tissue behavior around implants is related to the type of prosthetic restoration used, with cemented prostheses with BOPT presenting better peri-implant soft tissue behavior.
Variants in Miro1 Cause Alterations of ER-Mitochondria Contact Sites in Fibroblasts from Parkinson’s Disease Patients
Authors: Berenguer-Escuder Clara , Grossmann Dajana , Massart Franҫois , Antony Paul , Burbulla Lena F. , Glaab Enrico , Imhoff Sophie , Trinh Joanne , Seibler Philip , Grünewald Anne , Krüger Rejko
Published: December 2019

Background: Although most cases of Parkinson´s disease (PD) are idiopathic with unknown cause, an increasing number of genes and genetic risk factors have been discovered that play a role in PD pathogenesis. Many of the PD-associated proteins are involved in mitochondrial quality control, e.g., PINK1, Parkin, and LRRK2, which were recently identified as regulators of mitochondrial-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contact sites (MERCs) linking mitochondrial homeostasis to intracellular calcium handling. In this context, Miro1 is increasingly recognized to play a role in PD pathology. Recently, we identified the first PD patients carrying mutations in RHOT1, the gene coding for Miro1. Here, we describe two novel RHOT1 mutations identified in two PD patients and the characterization of the cellular phenotypes. Methods: Using whole exome sequencing we identified two PD patients carrying heterozygous mutations leading to the amino acid exchanges T351A and T610A in Miro1. We analyzed calcium homeostasis and MERCs in detail by live cell imaging and immunocytochemistry in patient-derived fibroblasts. Results: We show that fibroblasts expressing mutant T351A or T610A Miro1 display impaired calcium homeostasis and a reduced amount of MERCs. All fibroblast lines from patients with pathogenic variants in Miro1, revealed alterations of the structure of MERCs. Conclusion: Our data suggest that Miro1 is important for the regulation of the structure and function of MERCs. Moreover, our study supports the role of MERCs in the pathogenesis of PD and further establishes variants in RHOT1 as rare genetic risk factors for neurodegeneration.
Investigation on Antibiotic-Resistance, Biofilm Formation and Virulence Factors in Multi Drug Resistant and Non Multi Drug Resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius
Authors: Meroni Gabriele , Soares Filipe Joel F. , Drago Lorenzo , Martino Piera A.
Published: December 2019

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is a commensal bacterium frequently isolated from canine skin and recognized as a zoonotic agent especially for dog-owners. This study focused on (a) the antibiotic-resistance phenotypes; (b) the ability to produce biofilm (slime); and (c) the dissemination of virulence factors in S. pseudintermedius strains. Seventy-three S. pseudintermedius strains were screened for antibiotic-resistance against 22 different molecules by means of Kirby-Bauer assay. The ability to produce biofilm was investigated using the microtiter plate assay (MtP) and the amplification of icaA and icaD genes. Virulence factors such as cytotoxins (lukI), enterotoxins (seC), and exfoliative toxins (siet, expA, and expB) were evaluated. The antibiotic-resistance profiles revealed 42/73 (57%) multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains and 31/73 (43%) not-MDR. All the MDR strains and 8/31 (27%) of not-MDR resulted in biofilm producers. Leukotoxin LukI was found in 70/73 (96%) of the isolates. Moreover, the enterotoxin gene seC was detected in 47/73 (64%) of the strains. All the isolates carried the siet gene, whereas expA and expB were found in 3/73 (4%) and 5/73 (7%), respectively. In conclusion, S. pseudintermedius should be considered a potential zoonotic and human agent able to carry different virulence determinants and capable of producing biofilm which facilitates horizontal gene transfer.