bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nanomedicine is offering promising strategies for tumor blockade treatment
Authors: Dowaidar Moataz
Published: June 2021

Nanomedicine-designed tumor blockade treatment (TVBT) approaches include angiogenesis suppression, vascular disruption, and infarction. VEGF, VEGFR, mTOR, EGFR, bFGF, ROS and other components have become promising candidates for angiogenesis reduction. The system of nanomedicine successfully reduced tumor neovascularization employing silencing, chemotherapy, phototherapy, and other treatments. Nanomaterial-led VDAs were bonded with bonding sites of CA4, COL, PTX, and other microtubular medications to promote rapid disintegration of tumor vascular wall cells. Multiple therapies combined substantially boosted tumor therapeutic outcome. For example, loss of tumor blood arteries caused by nanoparticle-mediated physical methods coupled with chemotherapy was successful in a large-volume tumor model. Several carriers, including nanoparticles, DNA nanorobot, platelet membrane, and so on, are used to carry thrombin, tTF, and other drugs for local thrombosis and safe and efficient tumor treatment.Nanomedicine-involved TVBT still has significant drawbacks. First, basic TVBT has tumor edge residual tumor cells (Tozer, Kanthou, & Baguley, 2005). While customized nanoparticles significantly increase anti-tumor medication efficacy while avoiding resistance and severe side effects, combination treatment is an appropriate treatment strategy. Multiple treatment methods should be extensively examined when establishing a combination therapy approach. For example, nanomedicine chemotherapy has a high tumor peripheral lethality, but the permeability is limited, resulting in insufficient tumor core efficacy. Researchers may build nanoscale drug-loading devices targeting tumor peripheral and tumor blood arteries to deliver multiple medications to different places for more complete tumor treatment. Second, the worry about pharmaceutical safety can not be overlooked, since free agents exhibited detrimental effects in earlier clinical trials. Although delivery of nanoparticles has proven remarkable safety in animal models, complete examination of side effects is still needed, which will need rigorous preclinical and clinical investigations. Furthermore, the toxicity of nanomaterials or leftover compounds from the preparation process should be fully investigated. Third, although VDAs and thrombosis can rapidly eliminate large-scale tumor cells, necrotic cells' released toxic components are a serious potential problem. Using customized nanoparticles to eliminate harmful components and maintain neighboring tissues is therefore crucial. Fourth, certain nanomaterials are complex and difficult to mass-produce. Additionally, raw materials are expensive and well-accessible. In response to these difficulties, structures of nanoparticles must be logically constructed and simple, efficient nanoplatforms built. More shortcomings should be identified and rectified in future investigations.
Addiction biology research on miRNAs, and their role in the pathophysiology of addiction is enabling gene therapy opportunities
Authors: Dowaidar Moataz
Published: June 2021

This article lists known miRNAs that may be used one day to diagnose and treat addiction. Besides miRNAs associated with a particular abuse drug, miR132/212, miR124 and miR9 all have a distinct expression profile in various abuse drugs. Based on our research, these miRNAs appear to be pleiotropic, meaning they are regulated in their environment by several different variables or chemicals. Substance consumption, drug type, and the paradigm (i.e., acute vs. chronic) under which they are consumed all affect the addiction manifestation. MiRNA levels appear to change for acute and chronic use, indicating that miRNA isoforms involved in numerous abuse drugs and brain areas (e.g. let7, miR212/132) may function as regulatory hubs for addictive behavior. MiRNA strands compete with each other, work hierarchically, and some miRNA targets have stronger binding affinities than others. Future addiction biology research should focus on miRNAs, and how miRNA expression changes over time. Research investigating how miRNA's expression differs in drug intoxication and recovery should take precedence. Another topic for future research is using polydrugs. Drug studies that analyze many substances together are well known. This is of particular importance, as the presence of several abused drugs increases the likelihood of upregulating or downregulating miRNAs. If miRNAs are linked to nicotine, alcohol, marijuana and opiates, understanding their role in polydrug use is vital. We created a map to highlight miRNAs influenced by drug use in the context of synaptic plasticity pathway genes. These miRNAs and their pathways may open the door to new addictive behavior therapies.Currently, preclinical investigations using miRNAs as biomarkers or disorder therapies, but no clinical trials and only a few preclinical trials are being undertaken. Biomarkers would make it one of today's most researched areas. Research shows promise for miRNAs in rehabilitation despite several roadblocks. MiRNAs can have many downstream effects, making them challenging to use. Indeed, interesting research on circRNAs has shown that they function as a miRNA sponge, possibly limiting the effects of a particular miRNA increase. Like miRNAs, CircRNAs can produce unforeseen results. Because miRNAs' functions vary widely, absorbing miRNAs via circRNAs may hinder therapeutic development. Because of nucleases and phospholipid bilayers, distribution of miRNA to humans was challenging. Passing the delivery barriers using organic and inorganic nanoparticles like peptides, gold, mesoporous silicon, graphene oxide, and iron oxide is a popular technique. MiRNA-based lipid nanoparticles delivery vectors were found to be successful. In our future studies, the main EVs are naturally occurring, biolabeled, and targeted with little toxicity and antigenicity. EVs can pass the essential blood-brain barrier to help cure drug addiction.
Psychosocial factors of participation in demonstrations and social representations of mass movements: The case of Chilean 2019 Demonstrations
Authors: Páez Darío
Published: June 2021

This paper analyzes social representations and psychosocial factors related to collective action in the context of the massive protest movement of 2019 in Chile. A total of 262 individuals answered a comprehensive online survey that included measures of participation and repertoire of different forms of collective action, identification with protesters as well as with government, agreement with social movement grievances, collective efficacy, perceived emotional synchrony or collective effervescence, self trascendent emotions, beliefs about violence of social movement and police violence, and five open questions on images of demonstrators and police. Participation in October 2019 demonstrations were associated strongly to all previous variables like identification with demonstrators, perceived emotional synchrony in demonstrations, feeling social awe, elevation, moved and joy, disagreement with beliefs justifying police violence and agreement with beliefs on social movement use of violence. High level of psychosocial variables and participation were associated to a set of words elicited by stimuli such as images of police and demonstrators (justice, injustice, inequality, abuses, rights, bravery, dignity, hope, unity) that could be conceived off as positive social representation of demonstrators as just fighters. Low identification and non participation in mass movement was associated to a negative Le Bon style social representation of demonstrators related to chaos and violence.
Do second language learners always know what they know about L2 collocations? Exploring the acquisition of conscious and unconscious structural knowledge of L2 collocations
Authors: LU Jun , Dienes Zoltan
Published: June 2021

This study investigated the acquisition of conscious and unconscious structural knowledge of L2 collocations. The participants were two groups of 68 Chinese undergraduate students from the university community. The first group judged the typicality of 24 English collocations and their atypical counterparts and reported the basis of each judgment to indicate their conscious status. The second group were trained on 24 new collocations and then took a similar test. Results showed that learners acquired both conscious and unconscious structural knowledge of L2 collocations. The conscious status varied according to collocation types. Incidental exposure facilitated the development of conscious structural knowledge of incongruent collocations and unconscious structural knowledge of congruent ones. The advantage of congruent over incongruent collocations was greater for unconscious than conscious structural knowledge. The results are consistent with the theory that unconscious structural knowledge is based on acquiring statistical regularities while conscious structural knowledge codes more one-off exceptions.
Modeling Peer Selection and Influence in Youth Social Networks: A Case Study for U.S. Marine Corps Recruiting and Training
Authors: Revay Peter , Barnes Holly , Sheldon Robert
Published: June 2021

Youth currently entering the job market are part of Generation Z. Research suggests that this generation is different from others in their values and life priorities and will challenge organizations who wish to attract, develop, and retain its members while ensuring the same level of operations. We present a simulation-based approach to understanding how peer selection and peer influence drive the spread of behaviors, values, and beliefs through social networks of youths, and how organizations can use influence pathways in such networks to recruit and develop their personnel. We illustrate our approach on a case study of United States Marine Corps (USMC) recruiting and training. We detail the logic and theoretical underpinnings of our model and describe how it allows to understand the driving forces of generational changes in the young American population and how they might be addressed. We show that while peer influence with respect to relevant Marines' traits is a highly elastic process, peer selection is rooted in deep-seated, slowly changing individual perceptions. We further show that peer influence is confined to intimate networks, making intervention difficult. Finally, we discuss recommendations for Marine Corps training and recruiting approaches as implied by the findings from our model.
GREATER EURASIA AND GREATER EUROPE: THE GEOPOLITICS OF COOPERATION PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Glaser Marina , Tomann P.E. , Novik Nikolai
Published: June 2021

In world history, 2020 will forever remain a year of serious humanitarian and economic upheavals that have further changed the geopolitical alignment of key actors in the system of international relations. In this regard, the concepts of Greater Eurasia and Greater Europe, which were held as two significant narratives present in the international academic and political discussion, are particularly interesting. The main questions of this research are whether consensus is possible and what are the prospects for geopolitical interaction between the projects of Greater Eurasia and Greater Europe, taking into account the interests of Russia, how will this affect the system of international relations and the environment of macro-regional security? The article discusses the opportunities for cooperation between Greater Eurasia and Greater Europe, as well as the key principles of internal interaction between the participants. Russia, being a key link in this context, can act as a guarantor of trade and economic, geostrategic and political stability. The authors conclude that Greater Eurasia and Greater Europe are geopolitical representations created by the key actors of the European and Eurasian space for various options for adapting their plans to reality, and conflicts and security challenges that arise on the periphery of these two associations and their great powers can jeopardize not only European but also the entire global security. To prevent this, countries need to review the existing Eurasian and European security architecture, based on the principles of mutual respect, cooperation and parity. The article is based entirely on qualitative analysis and does not refer to quantitative arguments or statistical data. The methodological platform for the research is the analysis based on the concept of geopolitics.
RUSSIA-CHINA RIVALRY AND GREATER EURASIAN PARTNERSHIP: INFLUENCE AND PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Novikov Dmitriy
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of the role and nature of the Russian initiative for the Greater Eurasian Partnership in the context of the US-China confrontation. The author focuses on the context of the emergence of the Greater Eurasia concept, which was formulated and put forward as an initiative in 2015-2016, when the key regional rivals -- the United States and China - also came up with their own mega-initiatives. However, if other mega-initiatives were of an emphatically trade and economic nature and largely lost their relevance with the growth of regional confrontation, the Russian initiative was initially political by its character and turned out to be more flexible to changing strategic context. The article analyzes the nature of the Greater Eurasian Partnership and its initial parameters, as well as its development prospects. It is concluded that the initiative for the formation of Greater Eurasia as a geopolitical and geo-economic reality is intended not so much to form a unified institution of regulation and cooperation as to develop a common logic of coexistence and development of both existing and new formats, which will subsequently increase the efficiency and stability of the institutional architecture of Greater Eurasia. It is assumed that Russia should play a more significant role in this process.
THE BALKANS / SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE: THE REGION OF MYSTERY AND MYSTERIES OF THE REGION
Authors:   INION RAN, Romanenko Sergei
Published: June 2021

Based on the study of various types of sources and analysis of Russian and foreign literature, the author conceptually substantiates an approach to the study of the Balkan region / South-Eastern Europe. One of the main problems considered in the article is the change in the course of the history of the 19 th-21 st centuries the ratio of the concepts of «Balkans/South-Eastern Europe», «Eastern Europe», «Central-Eastern and South-Eastern Europe», «Western Balkans», «Western Balkan countries» and «European Western Balkans». The author characterizes various historical stages of the development of the region in the context of world wars and revolutions of the 20 th century, shows the specifics of political and ethnic processes, the internal political situation in each country and relations between the states of the region, the correlation between the processes of regionalization and globalization. With the disappearance of Eastern Europe in the form in which it existed in 1949-1991, after the anti-communist social and national revolutions in the former socialist countries of Europe in 1989-1992, an integral part of the process of national self-determination was the change in the regional self-identification of each people, society and state. If in the 2000 s, positive dynamics prevailed both in terms of internal political development, intraregional and global international relations, then in the 2010 s, the forward movement has stalled in terms of both the internal economic, social and political development of the states of the region, and the settlement of interethnic and interstate conflicts in the region against the background of a general aggravation of international relations. The article examines the role of regional identification and self-identification as elements of national self-awareness. The author also characterizes the challenges facing the countries of the region in the short, medium and long terms and indicates that the choice of the Balkans / South-Eastern Europe, despite the specificity caused by their historical fate, and all the difficulties of development and conflicts, has already been made: the Balkans (like Russia as well) is an integral part of Europe.
CROATIAN POLITICS: SYMBOLS AND INACTIVITY
Authors: Yakovina Tvtrko
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the foreign policy of the Republic of Croatia in close connection with its domestic policy. The author examines the balance of political forces in the country on the eve, during and after the presidential elections in 2019/2020, as well as the elections to Sabor (parliament) in July 2020. He describes in detail the situation in the party that won the elections to Sabor, - the Croatian Democratic Union, - and the internal party struggle between representatives of the centrist and right-wing nationalist groups. Largely thanks to the current leader and prime minister of Croatia A. Plenković, it ended in 2020 with the victory of the centrists. At the same time, the presidential elections in December 2019 - January 2020 were won by the candidate of the left-center - Social Democrat Z. Milanović, who defeated the CDU representative K. Grabar-Kitarović, who held this post. The author believes that in Croatia, as a result of the presidential and parliamentary elections in 2019/2020, a situation has developed in which the president and the prime minister, representatives of the left and the right centers respectively, can, through joint efforts, pursuing their own political goals, update Croatia’s domestic and foreign policy, including in the Balkan / South-Eastern Europe region. The previous policy of Croatia, according to the author, was unsuccessful. The previous leadership of Croatia, using as a basis the ideology of nationalism and fearing that Croatia would be historically associated with Yugoslavia and the Balkans, pursued a policy of self-isolation in the very region in which Croatia could play an important role. The balance of power formed in Croatia in 2020 makes it possible to intensify Croatia’s policy in the region, on the basis of a possible normalization of relations with the Serbian community of the country as well as through the process of improving relations with Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Without this transformation, the final stabilization in the Balkans / South-Eastern Europe region is impossible.
POWER-SHARING AND NATIONAL COMMUNITY FORMATION: UNDERSTANDING BOSNIA’S EXPERIENCE
Authors: Kudryashova Irina , Meleskina Elena
Published: June 2021

The article explores the experience of power-sharing, i.e. consociational democracy, established in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) after the end of the ethnic war a quarter century ago. The authors’ attention is aimed at identifying a balance between the broad autonomy of the three major ethnocultural groups (segments) and the formation of a national community and common civic identity. Knowing this balance makes it possible to determine the prospects for political stability and development. For this purpose, the system of political institutions in BiH is considered, and its specificity is highlighted. Data-based analysis allows to define a number of negative trends in the Bosnian political process, in particular, the weakening of the democratic potential of the political regime, as well as the deterioration of the quality of governance and civil society’s activities. The observed rise in political participation is assessed as ineffective, since it hasn’t been accompanied by an increase in authorities’ responsibility and ability to solve acute political and socioeconomic problems. In particular, despite widespread support for the European perspective, party leaders haven’t been able to agree on the constitutional reform that is required to obtain official EU candidate status. The BiH parties’ analysis reveals their interest in promoting the ethno-nationalist discourse for keeping control over the economic and political resources of their communities. It is also noted that the role of international actors in BiH is of a dual nature: they maintain the required level of stability, but some of their decisions provoke strengthening of the nationalist forces. In the framework of the Bosnian case, the importance of the elites’ consent to joint participation in power and cooperation can be viewed as the most important condition for the successful implementation of power-sharing institutions and practices in post-conflict societies.
SHIITES IN THE SOCIO-POLITICAL SPACE OF MODERN LEBANON. (CONTINUED IN THE NEXT ISSUE)
Authors: Azimov Kamil , Bibikova Olga
Published: June 2021

Lebanese Shiites have become the focus of attention of Tehran, which is trying to involve them in the plans to strengthen its influence in Arab countries.
CRITICS (CRITICISM) OF EXISTING APPROACHES TO DETERMINING THE CONTENT OF INFORMATION
Authors: Taranenko Evgeniy
Published: June 2021

The article provides critical remarks on the application of some of the existing approaches to the study of the «content of information» as a separate phenomenon. It is shown that neither a word, nor, moreover, a «number» or «sign» («symbol»), can be taken as a unit of information content. Moreover, they cannot be taken as a basis for searching for units of information content.
Development of Well-Porous Structured Leavened Food Product from Rice-based Composite Flour
Authors: Rathnayake H.A , Navaratne S.B , Navaratne C.M
Published: June 2021

Well-porous structured leavened food products with a proper texture have a high demand in the dynamic food market. Hence, the current study was focused to formulate a leavened food product with a proper porous and better-textured crumb using rice-based composite flour (CF). Nine CF samples were prepared according to Taguchi’s orthogonal array by taking three variables (corn flour, finger millet flour, green gram flour) at three levels (0, 5%, 10%). Nine dough samples were prepared from each CF sample and subjected to fermentation and gelatinization under 1 kg/cm2 initial air pressure condition. Results revealed that crumb sample prepared from CF4 (Rice: Wheat: Corn: Green gram, 50:40:5:5) showed higher crumb volume, specific volume, lower bulk density and better crumb cellular structure properties which did not significantly different (p>0.05) to CF1 (Rice: Wheat, 50:50). Further, CF4 imparted to have the lowest crumb hardness, gumminess and chewiness. Thus, CF4 was selected as the best CF sample, which yielded a leavened food product with better textural and structural properties. Keywords: composite flour, fermentation, porous-crumb structure, rice flour, Taguchi’s orthogonal array
Diversidade de aleirodídeos, cochonilhas (Hemiptera: Aleyrodoidea, Coccoidea) e de parasitoides (Hymenoptera) da mosca-negra-dos-citros (Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodoidea) e efeitos das etapas de beneficiamento pós-colheita em lima ácida ‘Tahiti’ (Citrus latifolia Tanaka) no Estado de São Paulo
Authors:   , Guido Renata Imperato
Published: June 2021

O Brasil é o maior produtor mundial de citros, sendo também o segundo maior produtor e segundo maior exportador de lima ácida ‘Tahiti’ (Citrus latifolia Tanaka). O Estado de São Paulo é o maior exportador dessa fruta fresca. O conhecimento sobre plantas hospedeiras e a distribuição geográfica dos aleirodídeos e cochonilhas ainda é pequeno, sendo a maioria das informações disponíveis referentes a poucas espécies que provocam danos econômicos. A falta de conhecimento sobre a diversidade de hospedeiros e sua dinâmica populacional dificulta o manejo de pragas. O presente estudo teve como objetivo gerar e difundir o conhecimento sobre esses insetos, através da atualização das espécies de aleirodídeos, identificação de parasitoides, visando ao incremento das ações de manejo e sustentabilidade na cadeia da lima ácida Tahiti. Além disso, objetivou-se identificar as principais causas de perdas em pós-colheita dessa fruta. No período de junho de 2015 a junho de 2017, foram coletadas quinzenalmente, em dois pomares de limão ‘Tahiti’, 240 folhas infestadas por aleirodídeos e cochonilhas. As folhas infestadas foram imediatamente transportadas ao laboratório e os insetos avaliados e identificados. As pupas dos parasitoides recuperados foram acondicionadas em microtubos plásticos de 2mL e mantidas em sala climatizada por até 30 dias para emergência dos adultos. Das 51 coletas realizadas nas duas áreas de lima ácida Tahiti obteve-se um total de 256.976 insetos. Foram recuperadas quatro espécies de aleirodídeos e 21 espécies de cochonilhas.
Importância de fungicidas sítio-específicos e multissítios para o controle da ferrugem asiática (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) da soja, em diferentes cultivares, épocas de semeadura e análise do retorno financeiro
Authors:   , Kajihara Luciano Hiroyuki
Published: June 2021

A cada ano a ferrugem asiática causada por P. pachyrhizi destaca-se no cenário nacional, por causar sérios prejuízos as lavouras de soja. Além disso, a doença tem causado grande preocupação por evidenciar patógenos resistentes a diversos ingredientes ativos e com baixas eficiências de controle. Existem diversos relatos sobre avaliações de fungicidas no controle da doença, mas não correlacionam a viabilidade econômica do uso desses produtos. Aliado aos problemas atuais, é necessário adotar o uso de fungicidas multissítios e rotação de grupos químicos, uma vez que novos ativos dificilmente surgirão nos próximos anos. Assim sendo, o trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a importância de fungicidas sistêmicos e multissítios no controle de ferrugem asiática com diferentes fungicidas, desde a fase vegetativa, envolvendo diferentes cultivares de soja e épocas de semeadura, com análise da rentabilidade dos cultivos. A fim de suportar os estudos de campo, o trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a ação in vitro e in vivo de fungicidas multissítios e sítio-específicos. O experimento no campo foi realizado durante duas safras consecutivas, onde foi utilizado nove cultivares de soja, quatro repetições e sete tratamentos.
Caracterização molecular da resistência de Phytoseiulus macropilis (Banks) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) a piretroides, liberação em campo e monitoramento dos predadores com marcadores moleculares
Authors:   , Queiroz Maria Cristina Vitelli
Published: June 2021

O ácaro-rajado, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), considerado um dos ácaros-praga de maior importância econômica em todo o mundo, causa sérios prejuízos em diversas culturas. O emprego de ácaros predadores para o controle do ácaro-rajado representa uma das estratégias mais promissoras para o controle da praga, em sistemas de produção comercial de frutas, hortaliças e ornamentais. A utilização de linhagens de ácaros predadores resistentes a compostos de largo espectro de ação (como piretroides) pode viabilizar o uso desses inimigos naturais para o controle biológico do ácaro-rajado, em cultivos onde o agricultor realiza aplicações eventuais de agroquímicos contra outros artrópodes-praga (ex.: lagartas, tripes, cochonilhas, moscas-brancas). O objetivo desta pesquisa foi ampliar o conhecimento sobre estrutura genética de populações de Phytoseilus macropilis (Banks) (Acari: Phytoseiidae), bem como caracterizar os mecanismos moleculares associados à resistência a piretroides neste predador. Experimentos envolvendo liberação e recaptura de ácaros predadores (P. macropilis) resistentes a piretroides foram realizados em três áreas de cultivo de morango no estado de São Paulo (Monte Alegre do Sul, Socoro, Pinhalzinho).
Impacto de la pandemia Covid-19 sobre la publicidad. España como laboratorio de la crisis y de las tendencias comunicativas
Authors: Corredor-Lanas Patricia , Marcos-Recio Juan-Carlos , Montañés-García Fernando
Published: June 2021

The economic crisis caused by the Covid-19 pandemic has severely affected the advertising industry worldwide, but the Spanish case can be seen as a particularly privileged laboratory for such observations as a result of the collapse of investments and their redistribution to other time periods, economic sectors, or communication channels. The aim of this research is, firstly, to estimate the impact of the crisis on advertising investment, and secondly to analyze its consequences for the media system and new consumption dynamics. We carry out a comparative analysis of secondary data from national and international sources which enjoy broad business and social consensus, covering the period of the first wave of the pandemic in Spain (March-September 2020). The results enable the identification of the ongoing transformations and an outline of new scenarios for the advertising industry and media business. These scenarios are still under construction and feature a predominance of digital media and the Internet, but also a conjunction with television and its new formats and audiences. Among the most relevant findings of this research, we observed unexpected contradictions in advertising behavior. These include the first breakdown of advertising seasonality since measurement data exist in Spain, and a paradoxical, sharp rise in media use in conjunction with the collapse of advertising expenditure.

Resumen
La crisis económica provocada por la pandemia Covid-19 ha afectado duramente al sector publicitario a escala mundial, pero el caso español se presenta como un laboratorio privilegiado de observación debido al desmoronamiento de las inversiones y de su redistribución por períodos temporales, por sectores económicos y por medios de comunicación. El objetivo de esta investigación es dimensionar el impacto de la crisis sobre la inversión publicitaria, pero también analizar sus repercusiones sobre el sistema de medios y sus nuevas dinámicas de consumo. El análisis comparado de datos secundarios de fuentes nacionales e internacionales de gran consenso empresarial y social, durante el período de la primera ola de la pandemia en España (marzo-septiembre de 2020), permite calibrar las mutaciones en curso y dejar esbozados nuevos escenarios para la industria publicitaria y para los modelos de negocio mediáticos, todavía en construcción, marcados por el predominio de los soportes digitales y de internet, pero también por su conjunción con la televisión y sus nuevas formas y públicos. Entre los hallazgos más relevantes se sugieren contradicciones inéditas en el comportamiento de la publicidad durante el período a estudio, tales como la ruptura de la estacionalidad publicitaria por primera vez desde que existen datos de medición en España, y la paradoja entre el fuerte ascenso del consumo mediático y el hundimiento de las inversiones publicitarias.
Місцева діловодна документація як джерело до вивчення заходів місцевої влади з організації прийому та облаштування українських переселенців із Польщі на території Донецької області у 1945–1946 рр.
Authors: Шипік Наталя
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the article is to identify the informative potential of the records of local authorities to highlight the main stages of settlement and the difficulties encountered by migrants during the adaptation in the areas of Donetsk region. The  methodology  of  the  research is based on a combination of general scientific (synthetic, analytical, logical), special-historical (chronological, historical-comparative), source-based (critical analysis) methods. The scientific novelty of the work is that the author for the first time revealed the informative capabilities of records management documents at the local level in studying the mechanism of implementation of state tasks in the organization of reception and accommodation of Ukrainians from Zakerzon and Donetsk region in the postwar period by local authorities. Some of the documents analyzed by the author are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. Conclusions. Local record management documentation has significant information potential in studying the degree of implementation of measures to organize the accommodation, the course of the settlement of resettlers in the Donetsk region and the difficulties of the adaptation period. It contains a lot of detailed information, rich in facts, names and statistics, which can significantly supplement the source base of further research. The record management documents of the district authorities, whose representatives contacted the resettlers during the inspections of the condition of the resettlers' households, together with the statement of facts, contain evaluative judgments and elements of emotionality. The documents of the district authorities, whose representatives contacted the resettlers during the inspections of the condition of the resettlement farms, together with the statement of facts, contain evaluative judgments and elements of emotionality. In record management materials at the region level, party and Soviet officials often criticized district workers for underestimating the political significance of the issue of resettlement and adaptation of resettlers. The ideological attitudes of the ruling top of the Communist Party had a significant influence on the formation of their assessments. Most of the decisions of the Regional Committee of the CP(b)U were adopted jointly with the executive committee of the regional council of workers' deputies.
Exploring the Marketing Analytics Practices in Cement Industry: A Case Study Approach for a Cement Company Associated with Indigenous Conglomerate
Authors: Dar Imran Bashir , Khan Abdul Zahid , Kashif Sadaf
Published: June 2021

The dawn of 4th industrial evolution (4.0) in emerging economies, has been a paradigm shift for data consumption in cement companies, where value input from marketing analytics is apparent but holistic understanding is lacking. The cement industry is facing problems in terms of utilising the benefit from marketing analytics reservoirs, at the organisational level, by taking initiatives, depicting issues and remedial steps, and projecting the future possibilities. The objective of this research was to fill this gap. For this purpose, a series of interview sessions from various levels of management at the cement company head office was conducted, followed by transcription, codification, funnelling and triangulation. The results depicted that 'initiatives & benefits' stage is most significant. The collective learning is about cross-functionality of the marketing department for competency designs (marketing and logistics), teaming with IT, training for insight reports understanding, the inclination to data-driven decisions, a steady but comparatively slow shift to analytics in overall marketing operations.
Role of Actors and Factors for the Emergence of Contemporary Regime of Investor-State Dispute Settlement
Authors: Khan Ali Nawaz , Cheema Zaheer Iqbal , Riaz Jawwad
Published: June 2021

Dispute resolution mechanism happened to be the fundamental aspect of the protectionist discourse of foreign investment. The consistent efforts were rolled out on behalf of international economic organizations such as UNO, OECD and IBRD of World Bank Group for the establishment of an impartial forum for the settlement of investment disputes. The opposite approaches of capital-exporting developed economies and less developed recipients of foreign capital lead certain attempts to failure to build consensus for dispute resolution mechanism relating to foreign investments. The World Bank started its effort for a specialized forum for investor-state dispute settlements in 1961. This effort remained successful in building consensus for exclusive jurisdiction for investment disputes. The members of the World Bank Group adopted the international convention on the settlement of investment disputes between states and nationals of other states, 1965, i.e. ICSID Convention. The paper has concluded that the efforts of international organizations and the large-scale recognition of the ICSID mechanism have ensured the legitimacy of the system.
Impact of Transformational and Transactional Leadership styles on Employee Performance with Mediating Effect of Affective Commitment: A Study of Banking Sector of Pakistan
Authors: Ahmed Touqeer , Haider Aftab , Alvi Bushra
Published: June 2021

The research was escorted to probe the correlation between leadership styles on employee production through the mediation of Affective commitment in the National Bank of Pakistan. Simple random sampling was used to carry out the research using structured questionnaires, which were adopted from other researchers studies. The questionnaires were based on a five-point Likert scale measuring all variables.144 questionnaires were distributed among middle-level employees of the National Bank of Pakistan, out of which all 144 were useable. This data was analyzed using SPSS. The descriptive statistics indicated a productive association between transformational & employee performance and show significant effect with that the other variable Transactional leadership shows significant positive impact on employee performance, whereas Affective commitment did mediate the relationship between independent variables & dependent variables.
PENERAPAN DIGITAL MARKETING DAN SISTEM INFORMASI AKUNTANSI BAGI UMKM DI WILAYAH KAMPUNG BARU JEMBER
Authors: Kartika Sari Nurshadrina
Published: June 2021

UMKM merupakan sektor usaha yang dapat bergerak disegala macam bidang usaha, termasuk UMKM yang berada di wilayah Kampung Baru Jember. Mayoritas usaha yang dimiliki UMKM tersebut merupakan bisnis yang bergerak dibidang kuliner, diantaranya bisnis seafood, makanan rumahan dan minuman siap saji yang berbahan kopi dan cokelat. Sebelum terjadi pandemi COVID-19 bisnis yang dijalankan masih dikelola dengan model pemasaran sederhana dengan pencatatan keuangan tradisional. Selama pandemi COVID-19 jumlah penjualan harian UMKM menurun akibat dampak kekhawatiran masyarakat untuk mengkonsumsi makanan di luar rumah, sekalipun pemerintah telah menerapkan New Normal belum bisa mengembalikan jumlah penjualan UMKM. Tujuan khusus kegiatan PKM ini adalah: (1) UMKM di Wilayah Kampung Baru dapat mengimplementasikan Digital Marketing dan Sistem Informasi Akuntansi dan (2) Mampu mengimplementasikan Sistem Informasi Akuntansi untuk mempermudah proses pencatatan keuangan harian. Metode yang digunakan adalah penyuluhan kepada UMKM terkait Digital Marketing dan Sistem Informasi Akuntansi, pelatihan dan pendampingan dilakukan untuk mendorong dan memperkuat kemampuan UMKM. Pada program ini berhasil dibangun sistem penjualan dengan e-commerce dengan pemanfaatan Digital Marketing dan sistem informasi akuntansi untuk pencatatan keuangan.    

Keywords : UMKM, Digital Marketing, Sistem Informasi Akuntansi
Pemanfaatan E-Commerce Untuk Pemasaran Kopi UD. Topeng Kona Coffee Roastery Bondowoso
Authors: Kusuma Dedy Wijaya , Mustofa Mustofa , Salim Helmi Agus
Published: June 2021

Perkembangan teknologi, komunikasi dan komputer mendorong pertumbuhan perekonomian masyarakat yang mengembangkan bisnis secara online. Perdagangan menggunakan media internet merupakan peluang usaha yang menjanjikanuntuk dikembangkan. Kemudahan proses transaksi dan dukungan teknologi membuat perdagangan menggunakan media internet (e-commerce) berkembang pesat. UD. Topeng Kona Coffee Roastery merupakan usaha kecil yang mengolah biji kopi untuk siap dikonsumsi. Namun pemasaran produk kopi dengan merek Topeng Kona ini masih dilakukan secara konvensional, sehingga produk kopi ini kurang dikenal oleh masyarakat luas karena kurangnya promosi. Karena kendala pemasaran dan promosi ini maka usaha kecil tersebut kurang berkembang. Melihat trend e-commerce yang banyak diminati oleh para pembeli ini, maka produk kopi Topeng Kona yang dihasilkan oleh UD. Topeng Kona Coffee Roastery ini dapat dipasarkan menggunakan e-commerce sehingga usaha kecil ini dapat berkembang. 

Keywords: pemasaran, e-commerce, perluasan pemasaran, promosi produk.
WHAT MAKES A VECTOR A VECTOR, AND WHY IS THAT IMPORTANT?
Authors: Turell Michael J.
Published: June 2021

Mosquitoes and other arthropods can transmit pathogens that currently cause millions of cases of illness and over 700,000 deaths annually. For most of these, the most efficient prevention is mosquito (or vector) control. However, only a small number of mosquito species are responsible for pathogen transmission, and different species are important for different pathogens. Because mosquito (vector) control tends to be focused on specific species, it is critical to ensure that the control efforts are directed at the species that are actually involved in pathogen transmission in the real world. Therefore, it is important to understand what makes a vector a vector and the various factors that affect the ability of a potential “vector” to actually transmit a pathogen.
CONSIDERATIONS OF MORPHOLOGIC OBSERVATIONS OF MOSQUITO SPECIES FROM IDENTIFYING COMPLETE SAMPLES IN PANAMA CITY BEACH, FLORIDA
Authors: Riles Michael T.
Published: June 2021

In Panama City Beach, Florida, thirteen mosquito species have been recently registered into public health data banks over the span of 7 years [2014-2020], ten species within their published geographic range and three species outside of their noted geographic range. The underreporting is likely due to past identification practices of sub-sampling and aliquoting surveillance collections while only recording the top-most three abundant species for control application thresholds. However, these thirteen species have not been recorded in this area by public health operations up until their respective record timelines. Timelines of identification, species specific character states, the dynamic of identifying similar species and alternate identification methods are discussed. As of 2020, 10 genera and 50 species within Diptera: Culicidae are recorded in Panama City Beach, FL, U.S.A.
EVALUATION OF DYNATRAP® DT160 AS AN INEXPENSIVE ALTERNATIVE TO CDC TRAPS FOR ADULT MOSQUITO MONITORING IN MALI, WEST AFRICA
Authors: Traore Mohamed M.
Published: June 2021

Mosquito monitoring traps (i.e., CDC light traps) are crucial tools for basic vector ecology research, risk assessment, and vector control programs. Unfortunately, they are expensive which is often an issue in projects conducted in developing countries. Therefore, it would be desirable to have reliable but inexpensive alternatives based on existing consumer products. We compared an off-the-shelf DynaTrap (model DT160, CCFL tube 365 ± 3 nm UV) modified to fit a CDC trap collection bag and to use a 12V power supply, with two commonly used CDC traps: CDC Miniature Light Trap Model 512 (incandescent light, 6 Volt) and CDC Miniature Downdraft Blacklight (UV) Trap Model 912 (4-Watt blue-black-light tube, 12 Volt), in different ecological settings in southwest (Kenieroba) and northwest (Nioro du Sahel) Mali, West Africa. In northwest Mali, the modified DynaTrap caught a mean of 20.67 ± 2.8 females and 5.38 ± 1.0 male Aedes aegypti which was 16.55% and 10.78% more, respectively, than the CDC incandescent trap (control). The DynaTrap caught a mean of 29.75 ± 2.8 female and 17.92 ± 3.5 male Culex quinquefasciatus. which was 47.76% and 20.70% more than the control CDC incandescent trap. The DynaTrap caught a mean of 2.46 ± 0.5 females and 1.63 ± 0.6 males and 10.16% and 2.45% more female and male An. gambiae s.l., respectively, than the CDC incandescent trap. Trap and catch means were lower at the southwest Mali site. However, trap catch proportions by sex were similar to those in the northwest. The modified DynaTrap outperformed both CDC monitoring traps for less than one third of the cost including the cost of the DynaTrap modifications.
SEMI-FIELD EVALUATION OF ULTRA-LOW VOLUME (ULV) GROUND SPRAY OF AQUALUER ® 20-20 AGAINST IRRADIATED AEDES AEGYPTI
Authors: Aryaprema Vindhya S.
Published: June 2021

Sterile insect technique (SIT) using irradiated mosquitoes is an effective control method capable of being assimilated into integrated vector management (IVM) programs. Chemical control of mosquitoes using ultra-low volume (ULV) spray applications of pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides is already an essential component of IVM programs. Prior to their release in nature, irradiation of mosquitoes for SIT use can significantly impact the mosquito’s biology, specifically its host-seeking and feeding behavior. Little is known about how radiation exposure might impact a mosquito’s susceptibility to pyrethroid insecticides. The present study was carried out to evaluate the influence of Aqualuer ® 20-20 ULV applications on irradiated Aedes aegypti. Caged mosquito trials indicated that both male and female irradiated Ae. aegypti were as susceptible as their non-irradiated counterparts of the same population to Aqualuer 20-20 ULV application, with the highest mean percent mortalities achieved at the first 24h post-treatment period at both 30.5 m and 61 m downwind of the spray application path.
FIELD COMPARISON OF AUTOCIDAL GRAVID OVITRAPS AND IN2CARE TRAPS AGAINST AEDES AEGYPTI IN DOWNTOWN SAINT AUGUSTINE, NORTHEASTERN FLORIDA
Authors: Autry Dena
Published: June 2021

Mosquito Control programs are utilizing cost-effective long term autocidal gravid traps because they minimize labor needs while targeting the gravid population of container-breeding mosquitoes. This field study compared the efficacy of the In2Care Mosquito Trap and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention autocidal gravid ovitrap (CDC-AGO). The study consisted of two control and two treatment sites, and each treatment site had either 100 In2Care Mosquito Traps or 100 CDC-AGOs. Aedes aegypti populations in each site were monitored using Biogent (BG) Sentinel 2 mosquito traps and ovitraps. Analysis of pre- and post-treatment data indicated no significant difference in adult mosquito populations detected by BG traps from either the In2Care or CDC-AGO sites. However, the mean number of eggs collected by ovitraps showed significant reduction in both trap type treated areas posttreatment, compared to pre-treatment. Furthermore, the mean number of egg collections from the In2Care mosquito trap treated area was much less than the collection from the CDC-AGO trap treated area post-treatment.
EVALUATION OF ORANGE OIL APPLIED BY THREE BACKPACK SPRAYERS AGAINST AEDES AEGYPTI AND CULEX QUINQUEFASCIATUS
Authors: Xue Rui-De
Published: June 2021

A solvent orange oil has been used to mix with permethrin and PBO as a commercial adulticide product called Aqualure® 20-20 for control of adult mosquitoes. The orange oil at 2.7% and 3.5% sprayed by three backpack sprayers, Hudson battery operated sprayer modified with a Solo nozzle, hand pump sprayer Solo-425, and Birchmeire battery operated sprayer, against caged adult female Aedes aegypti Linn. and Culex quinquefasciatus Say resulted in 89%–100% mortality of Ae. aegypti and 100% mortality of Cx. quinquefasciatus. The three different backpack sprayers did not show any significant differences in the percent mortality. Our test results demonstrate that orange oil alone at a high dose (3.5 %) showed effective insecticidal characteristics against both species of adult mosquitoes.
Description d’une nouvelle espèce de Megacampsomeris des Philippines (Hymenoptera, Scoliidae, Campsomerini)
Authors: Castagnet Jean-Baptiste
Published: June 2021

Description of a new species of Megacampsomeris from Philippines (Hymenoptera, Scoliidae, Campsomerini). A new species belonging to the tribe Campsomerini, Megacampsomeris bitschi n. sp., is described from Philippines. The genus Fiharbuxa Argaman, 1996, created for Scolia prismatica Smith, 1855, is synonymized with Megacampsomeris Betrem, 1928. Finally, an illustrated key to species of Megacampsomeris likely to occur in the Philippines is presented.
Trois espèces de Dicranota Zetterstedt, 1838, nouvelles pour la faune de France et liste actualisée des Pediciidae de France (Diptera)
Authors: Tillier Pierre , Forêt Jérôme , Clerc Estelle
Published: June 2021

Three species of Dicranota Zetterstedt, 1838, new for the French fauna and updated list of Pediciidae from France (Diptera). Dicranota (Paradicranota) candelisequa Starý, 1981, D. (P.) capillata Lackschewitz, 1940, et D. (P.) pallens Lackschewitz, 1940, were collected during the all-taxa biodiversity inventory of the integral reserve of Lauvitel, in the Écrins National Park. This is the first mention of these species from France. An updated list of the Pediciidae from France is provided, with 35 species reported from this country.