bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bakso Sapi Ikan Kembung sebagai Alternatif Jajanan Sehat Tinggi Protein untuk Anak Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Ratnasari Diah , Wening Dyah Kartika , Dewi Yuniarti , Qomariyah Ragilia Nurul
Published: November 2021

Ikan kembung bisa dikenal dengan sebutan sebagai mackarel fish yang termasuk ikan dengan harga yang murah. Ikan kembung itu rasanya enak dan gurih karena kaya akan gizi di antaranya protein dan omega-3. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh substitusi daging sapi dengan ikan kembung dalam pembuatan bakso terhadap daya terima, kadar protein dan kadar air. Jenis penelitian termasuk metode eksperimental dengan satu faktor yang di coba, yaitu Daging sapi dengan substitusi Ikan Kembung yang terdiri dari 3 perlakuan dengan proporsi 80%:20%, 60%:40%, 40%:60%. penelitian yang akan dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan adanya tiga  kali ulangan Pengambilan data menggunakan metode kuisioner. Uji statistik dengan menggunakan uji Anova. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Kadar protein pada perlakuan P1, P2, P3 berturut-turut yaitu 11,62%, 11,59% dan 11,80% dan tidak berpengaruh nyata dimana nilai p = 0,806.  Hasil uji hedonik menunjukkan bahwa aroma (p = 0,001), warna (p = 0,049) dan tekstur (p = 0,048) berpengaruh nyata dimana nilai p < 0,05, sedangkan rasa (p = 0,072) tidak berpengaruh nyata.  Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah tidak adanya pengaruh penambahan ikan kembung terhadap kadar protein dan rasa bakso ikan. Sedangkan substitusi ikan kembung berpengaruh terhadap aroma, warna dan tekstur.
A NOÇÃO DE AMAZÔNIA E A CATEGORIA DE REGIÃO NO ENSINO DE GEOGRAFIA:
Authors: Barbosa Stefani França , Rocha Genylton Odilon Rêgo da , Lira Jhonata Rodrigo de Oliveira
Published: November 2021

Apresento a prática em sala de aula – com desenhos e pequenos textos – da disciplina de Geografia elaborada por alunos do 7° ano do Ensino Fundamental de escola pública da cidade de Belém/Pará. Como resultado, obtive-se algumas representações sociais destes alunos sobre a região amazônica, muitas vezes balizada pelo estereótipo de uma Amazônia vista exclusivamente enquanto floresta, sendo quase ausente a presença humana. Esse tipo de estudo contribui para que os alunos consigam preencher lacunas e desmistificar visões pré-concebidas, os fazendo refletirem o conhecimento sobre a região, incrementando seu processo de ensino-aprendizagem geográfico.
Palavras-chave
Amazônia, Geografia, Representações Sociais.
 
THE NOTION OF AMAZON AND THE CATEGORY OF REGION IN TEACHING GEOGRAPHY: the social representations of the students for the construction of their identity
Abstract
I present the practice in the classroom – with drawings and small texts – of the Geography subject prepared by students from the 7th year of elementary school in a public school in the city of Belém/Pará. As a result, some social representations of these students about the Amazon region were obtained, often marked by the stereotype of an Amazon seen exclusively as a forest, with the human presence being almost absent. This type of study helps students to fill gaps and demystify preconceived views, making them reflect their knowledge of the region, increasing their geographic teaching-learning process.
Keywords
Amazonia, Geography, Social representations.
QUARTER-SYMMETRIC METRIC CONNECTION ON TANGENT BUNDLE OF NORDEN MANIFOLD
Authors: AKPINAR RABİA CAKAN , OKYAY HARUN ÇAĞATAY
Published: November 2021

The aim of the paper is to study the tangent bundle of Norden manifolds endowed with the complete lift of quarter-symmetric metric connection. Firstly, the complete lift of quarter-symmetric metric connection is obtained on tangent bundle of almost Norden manifold. Under the condition of integrability of structure, the almost Norden manifold endowed with the quarter-symmetric metric connection is shown to be Norden manifold.
A COMPARISON OF ESTIMATION METHODS FOR ONE PARAMETER INVERSE GOMPERTZ DISTRIBUTION
Authors: TANIŞ CANER , KARAKAYA KADİR
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we compare the methods of estimation for one parameter lifetime distribution, which is a special case of inverse Gompertz distribution. We discuss five
different estimation methods such as maximum likelihood method, least-squares method,
weighted least-squares method, the method of Anderson-Darling, and the method of Crámer–von Mises. It is evaluated the performances of these estimators via Monte Carlo simulations according to the bias and mean-squared error. Furthermore, two real data applications are performed.
ON SOLUTIONS OF LINEAR FUNCTIONAL INTEGRAL AND INTEGRO-DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS VIA LAGRANGE POLYNOMIALS
Authors: YÜZBAŞI ŞUAYİP YÜZBAŞI , SEZER MEHMET
Published: November 2021

In this study, a matrix-collocation method is developed numerically to solve the linear Fredholm-Volterra-type functional integral and integro-differential equations. The linear functional integro-differential equations are considered under initial conditions. The mentioned type problems often appear in various branches of science and engineering such as physics, biology, mechanics, electronics. The method essentially is a collocation method based on the Lagrange polynomials and matrix operations. By using presented method, the problem is reduced to a system of linear algebraic equations. The solution of this system gives the coefficients of assumed solution. An error analysis based on the residual function is studied. Some examples are solved to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the method.
THE SERRET-FRENET FRAME OF THE RATIONAL BEZIER CURVES IN THE EUCLIDEAN-3 SPACE BY ALGORITHM METHOD
Authors: SAMANCI HATİCE KUŞAK
Published: November 2021

In this study, the Serret-Frenet frame and derivative formulas were obtained for all intermediate points of the rational Bezier curves with the algorithm method, and much more general results were computed from the previous studies. In addition, the center and radius of the osculator circle and sphere were calculated.
Interventions to Reduce Stereotyping Through Targeting Familiarity Preference
Authors: Liu Emily , Baek Sori
Published: November 2021

As people perceive familiar and unfamiliar individuals, they may subconsciously be influenced by stereotypical information that is harmful to the target. Stereotyping affects everyone and is connected to innate biases, noting familiarity preference in particular. Given the pervasiveness of this, we investigate the impact of familiarity preference on stereotypes through discussing and referencing research related to the topics of stereotypes, familiarity preference, and interventions to reduce stereotyping through targeting familiarity preference. Indeed, the warm feeling of recognition builds a trusting bond between individuals with the possibility to reduce stereotypical assumptions by affecting familiarity preference; therefore, we consider interventions by way of social media, education, and in-person exposure. Our discussion is essential in enhancing the understanding of how both stereotypes and familiarity preferences affect individuals’ interactions and the necessity to reduce the damage that results from stereotyping.
Why Is Saudi Arabia’s EFL Teacher Attrition Rate So High, And What Can Be Done to Stem the Tide of Transient Teachers?
Authors: Pacino Andy , Qureshi Faiza
Published: November 2021

Purpose: This article is focused on the high attrition rate of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It looks into the possible reasons that cause teachers to leave the country or the profession after spending a short time there, based on data collected from EFL teachers from across the Kingdom.
Approach/Methodology/Design: This study used a mixed methods enquiry design, initially carried out through semi-structured interviews in a qualitative manner. Five teachers who worked in various higher education institutes across the Kingdom were interviewed and questioned about various aspects of their professional life as a teacher in the KSA. Those interviews were subsequently analysed to create questionnaires which were then administered to a sample of 20 teachers. The returned questionnaires were analysed and reported in numerical charts for ease of visual clarity. The lower the figure, the less motivation or satisfaction there was in the field.
Findings: NEST attrition rates in Saudi Arabia are abnormally high due to a serious lack of cultural training by management and/or provider, poor induction once a teacher arrives in country and culture. NNEST attrition rates are more aligned to professional reasons, as they feel they are treated poorly by comparison with their NEST counterparts: lower wages, fewer promotion opportunities, not being taken as seriously by students and employers, and sudden discontinuance of contracts among the main reasons for NNESTs leaving their posts.
Practical Implications: The study makes suggestions as to how teachers’ needs might be addressed in order to reduce the outflow of professional teachers from Saudi Arabia.
Originality/value: There is very little continuity in teaching due to large numbers of teachers exiting the Kingdom after a very short period of time. NEST attrition rates in Saudi Arabia are abnormally high due to a number of reasons.
A Comparative Analysis of Ternary Element Addition on Corrosion Behavior of Aluminide Coatings in Harsh Environmental Conditions
Authors: Erturk Umutcan , Imer Bilge
Published: November 2021

Increasing hot corrosion durability of aluminide coatings is important to extend the lifetime of turbine blades. The addition of hafnium, yttrium, zirconium, chromium, platinum, and cobalt improves the performance of aluminide coating by increasing oxide adherence and selective oxide formation rate. In this research, the effect of adding ternary elements (Y, Cr, Y/Cr, Zr, and Hf) on type-1 hot corrosion behavior of aluminide coatings was investigated by an accelerated isothermal corrosion test at 900°C for up to 400 h. To simulate harsh environmental conditions, Na2SO4- and V2O5-containing solutions were applied to the substrate surface. Subsequently, for 1 h, 50 h, 100 h, 200 h, and 400 h exposure times, the oxide layer thicknesses, spallation time, coating layer depletion time, and elemental analysis of each set were analyzed and their performances compared.
Adaptation of the Fears of Compassion Scale into Turkish: a reliability and validity study
Authors: Necef Isil , Deniz Mehmet
Published: November 2021

Introduction

The concept of fear of compassion draws the interest of researchers in both clinical and scientific fields. The Fears of Compassion Scale (FCS) was developed in order to examine the fear of compassion for others, compassion from others and compassion for one’s self. This study aims to adapt the FCS into the Turkish language. The Satisfaction with Life Scale and the Self-Compassion Scale were used to assess the criterion-related validity of the FCS.

Material and methods

In order to determine the construct validity of the scale, validity and reliability studies and factor analysis were carried out on 681 participants (Mage = 32.00, SD = 10.15; 64% female and 36% male).

Results

The results of the confirmatory factor analysis yielded the expected 3-factor solution (the fear of compassion for others, the fear of compassion from others and the fear of self-compassion), which consists of 35 items. The internal consistency validity coefficient of the whole scale was .92. Moreover, there were significant negative relationships between the Fears of Compassion Scale, the Satisfaction with Life Scale and Self-Compassion Scale, which are similar to those of the original scale.

Conclusions

These significant findings reveal the Turkish adaptation of the FCS to be a valid and reliable measurement tool.
Melakan Row Houses from the Ground Up
Authors: De Giosa Pierpaolo
Published: November 2021

Chapter 4 deals with the old townhouses and shophouses of Melaka’s World
Heritage site. It first traces the reasons for their decline in the post-war
period. Things started to change in the 1990s with the repeal of rent
control. This period coincided with the revaluation of these buildings as
heritage and economic assets, but not without side effects, such as illegal
demolitions, the displacement of residents, and tourism gentrification. The
authorities have always been reluctant to interfere with private property,
but during the application for the World Heritage inscription they were
forced to step in with stricter conservation rules. Instead of a homogeneous
approach, this chapter displays the diversity of discourses and practices
of conservation as encountered on the ground.
Divide and Brand: Public Space, Politics, and Tourism
Authors: De Giosa Pierpaolo
Published: November 2021

Chapter 5 turns to the transformation of historic spaces into ‘cultural
shopping streets’, divided along the official macro-categories of Malays,
Chinese, and Indians. After introducing the making of Little India and
the Malay Bazar Ramadan, the chapter focuses on the Chinatown-like
Jonker Walk as the first and most successful of these projects. This case
study shows how these tourism packages resist a wide range of critics:
from UNESCO-related actors and local heritage bureaus that condemn the
commercialization of these historic streets, to the residents and heritage
aficionados that identify them as symbols of multicultural coexistence.
This chapter reveals competing views of Melaka’s multi-ethnic townscape:
from the cosmopolitan character of the World Heritage inscription to a
racialized and politicized demarcation of space.
A Melakan Ancestral Village beyond
World Heritage
Authors: De Giosa Pierpaolo
Published: November 2021

Chapter 6 moves to the fringes of the World Heritage site, where the
designation led to a boom in high-rise projects. This chapter analyses
the friction between historic conservation and urban transformation by
focusing on Kampung Chetti, a ‘heritage village’ recognized by the local
conservation law. After introducing the Chetti community, the chapter
deals with the heritagization of Kampung Chetti. Local conservation
laws, however, turn out not to provide adequate protection from the
pressures of real estate development projects. The chapter explores how
the Chetti struggled in vain against a high-rise project adjacent to their
village. Although recognized by the Melaka State Government as heritage,
Kampung Chetti found itself at the bottom of a patrimonial hierarchy,
excluded from UNESCO-derived and national heritage regulations.
Epilogue of a Blessing and a Curse
Authors: De Giosa Pierpaolo
Published: November 2021

Chapter 7 considers the potential of ethnographies of World Heritage cities
by retracing the experience of Melaka in juxtaposition with a number of
other studies of Asian World Heritage cities, especially those located in East
and Southeast Asia. A further analysis on urban transformation around
other heritage villages expands the previous reflection on patrimonial
hierarchies, inequality, and World Heritage exclusions. The chapter ends
with a postscript, which introduces queries for future research. Substantial
questions stem from the unprecedented, if brief, power shift from Barisan
Nasional to Pakatan Harapan.
Englishization of Dutch higher education
Authors: Wilkinson Robert , Gabriëls René
Published: November 2021

The Netherlands is one of the countries where the Englishization of higher
education is most evident. The percentage of bachelor’s and master’s
programmes at Dutch universities through the medium of English is among
the highest in Europe. This chapter addresses the concern and public
controversy generated by the preponderance of English. It illustrates how
language policy encapsulates the changes in Dutch universities and the
impacts these have on stakeholders and compares these with a study of
students’ perceptions of EMI. The analysis contends that Englishization
can only be understood in the light of the impact of neoliberalism on
academia, highlighting the incongruity between the critical voices in
the public controversy and the discourse of university administrators.
Defining Computational Thinking for a District: Inclusive Computing Pathways in Indian Prairie School District
Authors:   Digital Promise
Published: November 2021

This district overview highlights the work Indian Prairie School District (IPSD) did over the course of three years to plan, build, and implement computing pathways. IPSD is a suburban school district serving 28,000 students in the Naperville, Aurora, Bolingbrook, and Plainfield communities outside of Chicago. As a member of Digital Promise’s League of Innovative Schools, IPSD applied to participate in the National Science Foundation-funded Developing Inclusive K-12 Computing Pathways for the League of Innovative Schools (CT Pathways) project to focus on developing an Inclusive K-12 Computing Pathway aligning the computing courses available within the district. Specifically, IPSD set an equity goal of focusing on a cluster of 5 Title I elementary schools within the district; IPSD sought to increase computing opportunities within these schools to ensure that computing was not only occurring in specific schools or parts of the district but rather reaching all students in the district.
MODERN FEATURES OF MENINGOCOCCAL SEPSIS (MENINGOCOCCEMIA) IN CHILDREN
Authors:   Belarusian State Medical University, E.N. Serhiyenka
Published: November 2021

Meningococcal infection is a global health problem worldwide, which is caused by high mortality rates, difficulties in early diagnosis due to the nonspecific nature of the initial manifestations of the disease, and the unpredictability of the course. Invasive forms of infection are registered mainly in children of the first five years of life, which further actualizes this disease. In recent decades, the Republic of Belarus has seen a steady decline in morbidity rates, but given the epidemiological features of meningococcal infection (epidemiological ups and downs with a frequency of 10—20 years), experts are aware of the possible scale of the problem in the coming years. The article presents the results of the analysis (for the last 20 years) structures of invasive forms of meningococcal infection and clinical and laboratory features of meningococcal sepsis in children according to the data of the «City Children's Infectious Clinical Hospital» of Minsk.
SUPRAVENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA WOLFF-PARKINSON-WHITE SYNDROME IN CHILDREN OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS: AGE AND SEX CHARACTERISTICS, IDENTIFICATION, ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL STRUCTURE
Authors:   Belarusian State Medical University, V.V. Strogiy , E.V. Zasim ,   Republican Scientific and Practical Center for Pediatric Surgery, K.V. Drozdovsky ,   Republican Scientific and Practical Center for Pediatric Surgery, V.O. Kadochkin ,   Republican Scientific and Practical Center for Pediatric Surgery
Published: November 2021

The goal is to establish the frequency of supraventricular tachycardias in children of the Republic of Belarus, to determine the structure and characteristics of these rhythm disturbances. An in-depth study of the properties of the conduction system of the heart was carried out by performing in the course of the esophageal electrophysiological study 108 children. A more rare detection of SVT in children in the neonatal period, in the first year of life and maximum detection at the age of 17 years, a comparatively rare finding (11.8 %) of concomitant pathology in children with SVT.
APPLICATION OF PUNCTIONAL-DRAINAGE METHOD FOR TREATMENT OF PSEUDOCYSTIS OF THE PANCREAS
Authors:   Belarusian State Medical University, A.V. Tarasenko , S.A. Alekseev ,   Belarusian State Medical University, K.D. Kazakov ,   Belarusian State Medical University, Z.K. Velikovich ,   Belarusian State Medical University, O.A. Shestakova ,   Belarusian State Medical University
Published: November 2021

The result of treatment was carried out in 26 patients with pancreatic pseudocysts divided into two subgroups — up to 5 cm in diameter and more than 5 cm. The control group consisted of 14 people who underwent traditional surgery to drain cystic formations. The advantages of minimal-invasive technologies for cysts with a diameter of less than 5 cm are in reducing the residence time by 11 days have been proven, which made it possible to obtain a significant economic effect. With a pseudocyst diameter of more than 5 cm and the phenomenon of its suppuration, confirmed by bacteriological research, the optimal type of intervention is pancreatobureostomy with the formation of permanent vacuum drainage systems.
FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF SPELEOTHERAPY IN WORLD PRACTICE
Authors:   Republican hospital of speleotherapy, R.I. Delendik , V.L. Chekan ,   Belarusian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education
Published: November 2021

Speleotherapy (ST) is a non-drug method of treatment which uses the microclimate of underground spaces. Such spaces may be represented by karst caves, salt mines, rock-salt and metal mine workings. The specific environment of underground spaces is the main factor affecting the patient's body. Speleoenvironment is formed by the combination of medical and health-improving components. Microfine salt aerosol is the main component of the speleoenvironment. It is based on the light negative ions arising at high levels of air ionization. The other components of the speleoenvironment are the constancy of the microclimate, temperature background, humidity, air flow rate. Another important factors are the absence of allergens and low bacterial contamination. Shielding effect ot the underground space, protecting from the exposure to radio-magnetic radiation is also mentioned. The main stages of the formation and development of the ST method in the world practice are also discussed in the article. Various types of speleological hospitals and the peculiarities of their geographic location are described. The factors of the speleoenvironment are presented. These factors affect the patient's body if the method is used under various conditions.
CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION AND INTENSIVE CARE FOR SPECIAL SETTINGS AND SPECIAL PATIENTS EUROPEAN RESUSCITATION COUNCIL GUIDELINES 2021
Authors:   Belarusian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, S.J. Gratchev , N.P. Novikova ,   Belarusian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, A.L. Soukovatykh ,   Belarusian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, E.H. Kurilenko ,   Belarusian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, S.S. Gratchev ,   Belarusian State Medical University
Published: November 2021

New European Resuscitation Council Guidelines are discussed in the paper. European Resuscitation Council (ERC) Cardiac Arrest in Special Circumstances guidelines are based on the 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Science with Treatment Recommendations. This section provides guidelines on the modifications required to basic and advanced life support for the prevention and treatment of cardiac arrest in special circumstances; specifically special causes (hypoxia, trauma, anaphylaxis, sepsis, hypo/hyperkalaemia and other electrolyte disorders, hypothermia, avalanche, hyperthermia and malignant hyperthermia, pulmonary embolism, coronary thrombosis, cardiac tamponade, tensionpneumothorax, toxic agents), special settings (operating room, cardiac surgery, catheter laboratory, dialysis unit, dental clinics, transportation (in-flight, cruise ships), sport, drowning, mass casualty incidents), and special patient groups (asthma and COPD, neurological disease, obesity, pregnancy). There are no major changes in the 2021 adult Special Circumstances guidelines. There is greater emphasis on the priorisation of recognition and management for reversible causes in cardiac arrest due to special circumstances. The guidelines reflect the increasing evidence for extracorporeal CPR (eCPR) as management strategy for selected patients with cardiac arrest in settings in which it can be implemented. Diagnostic criteria and therapeutic approaches are discussed.
THE PREVALENCE OF IODINE MICROELEMENTOSIS IN THE SOUTH-EAST REGION OF POLESIE
Authors: I.V. Yablonskaya , N.G. Vlasova , V.N. Bortnovskiy , S.V. Zhavoronok ,   Belarusian State Medical University, V.V. Valetov
Published: November 2021

Microelementosis is the commonest human pathology. Elimination of negative consequences of its development is highly relevant for public health services in the south-east of Belarusian Polesie. In order to determine the character and causes of iodine microelementosis development in the region retrospective data research of ioduria median indices (cerium-arsenide method), iodine content indices in average daily diet (calculation method), indices of thyroid gland pathology diagnosed among population in Gomel region (official statistics of the ministry of Health of the Republic of Belarus, 1996—2019) was carried out. Processing of the data obtained was made with the help of generally accepted methods of statistical treatment and analysis of the data obtained based on personal computer IBCM using software package Mathcad 2001 Professional, «Statistica». As a result, population prevalence of surplus iodine microelementosis in the south-east region of Belarusian Polesie was determined. The main causes of it are high iodine load, decline in the quality of hygienic monitoring because of the lack of information about iodine content in food and lack of control of ioduria indices among people being tested. Conclusion: Human's interference into a natural iodine cycle is capable of not only eliminating its deficiency but also causing population surplus microelementosis. Elimination of detected pathology requires reduction of iodine load on population, improving the quality of hygienic monitoring and extensive control of individual ioduria indices.
FEATURES OF THE COURSE, PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF HERPES INFECTIONS DURING PREGNANCY
Authors:   Belarusian State Medical University, G.G. Maksimenya
Published: November 2021

The features of the course of herpetic infections in women during pregnancy and the manifestations of the results of infection of their children are highlighted. The tactics of observation and principles of examination of these women have been determined. Genital herpes is the most common sexually transmitted ulcer disease. In terms of teratogenic significance, herpes viruses rank second after rubella, and CMV is classified as an indisputable viral teratogen. Fetal lesions vary from blasto- and embryopathies, accompanied by early termination of pregnancy, to late fetopathies with damage to various organs and systems in the newborn. The article presents the clinical and pharmacological characteristics of antiviral drugs for the prevention and treatment of herpes infections at the stages of planning and the course of pregnancy in antenatal clinics and hospitals.
UNDERNUTRITION SYNDROME IN CLINICAL PRACTICE
Authors:   Belarusian State Medical University, V.M. Sidzenka , M.K. Kevra ,   Belarusian State Medical University, A.V. Polyanskaya ,   Belarusian State Medical University
Published: November 2021

The article provides information on syndrome of undernutrition in internal diseases according to current concepts. The authors characterize endogenous and exogenous factors contributing to the weight loss, adverse changes in various body systems of patients with undernutrition, their physical, physiological and mental disorders, causes of diseases-associated undernutrition and describe the international classification of undernutrition based on phenotypic and etiological criteria, which was worked out by the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition in 2018. Particular attention is paid to the weight loss in elderly, chronic heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, oncopathology, liver cirrhosis, chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus and thyroid hyperfunction. The authors describe the causes of undernutrition in the systemic inflammatory response, characterize hypermetabolism and refeeding syndrome, which occurs as a result of reintroducing food after malnourishment. The article outlines that undernutrition can be associated with such side effects of drugs as impairment of taste, smell, development of anorexia, dry mouth, dysphagia, nausea and vomiting and claims the importance of diagnosing of undernutrition associated with somatic pathology and contributing to the course and outcomes of diseases.
PANDEMIS AND NEW INFECTIONS: ORIGINS AND PROBABILITY OF OCCURRENCE
Authors:   Belarusian State Medical University, G.N. Chistenko , I.N. Valchuk ,   Belarusian State Medical University, M.I. Bandatskaya ,   Belarusian State Medical University, I.V. Fedorova ,   Belarusian State Medical University
Published: November 2021

The article presents an overview of modern hypotheses of the origin of infectious diseases pathogens, the stages of evolution and the mechanisms of adaptation of zoonotic pathogens in the human population. The processes of interspecific interaction of pathogens of a zoonotic nature with the human population lead to the emergence of new infections and constitute a potential threat of pandemics. One of the main mechanisms for the emergence of new pathogens in the human population is the transfer of an existing pathogen from hosts from the animal world to humans, accompanied by a heavy burden of disease. RNA viruses with a high evolutionary rate cause particular alertness. The increased frequency of mutations allows viruses to quickly adapt to a new population with the formation of an epidemic variant of the pathogen.
MICROBIOLOGICAL RATIONALE FOR THE CHOICE OF AN ANTIBACTERIAL DRUG IN THE PUNCTURE METHOD OF TREATING CHRONIC SINUSITIS IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS
Authors:   Belarusian State Medical University, M.S. Zagurskaya
Published: November 2021

Purpose: to substantiate the choice of an antibacterial agent when using the puncture method for the treatment of chronic sinusitis in HIV-infected patients. Material. Microbiological studies were carried out in 108 HIV-infected patients with chronic sinusitis. The microbiological spectrum of pathogens of chronic inflammation of the paranasal sinuses in HIV-infected persons was determined, as well as the sensitivity of microorganisms to antibacterial agents. Results. The most frequently detected microorganisms in HIV-infected patients with chronic inflammatory pathology of the paranasal sinuses are gram-positive cocci (89,7 ± 2,9), including staphylococci (75,7 ± 4,1) and streptococci (14,0 ± 3,3). The verified microflora showed low sensitivity to antibiotics of the penicillin group (less than 65 % of sensitive strains), which limits the possibility of their use. A method for the treatment of chronic sinusitis in HIV-infected patients has been developed, based on the introduction into the sinus of an etiologically substantiated drug with a prolonged action. Conclusion. The revealed features of the spectrum of pathogens and the sensitivity of microorganisms in chronic sinusitis in HIV-infected patients made it possible to scientifically substantiate and develop a treatment method based on the introduction of a polyethylene oxide-based ointment containing chloramphenicol and methyluracil into the sinus.
ALLOGENEIC MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS IN THE TREATMENT OF CROHN'S DISEASE: A CASE STUDY
Authors:   Belarusian State Medical University, I.I. Savanovich , Ya.I. Isaykina ,   Republican Scientific and Practical Center for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, O.V. Aleinikova ,   Republican Scientific and Practical Center for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, G.V. Leus ,   3rd City Children's Clinical Hospital of Minsk, A.V. Sikorsky ,   Belarusian State Medical University, I.V. Mazanik ,   3rd City Children's Clinical Hospital of Minsk
Published: November 2021

An urgent problem in the treatment of Crohn's disease in children is a loss of sensitivity or lack of response to prescribed anti-inflammatory therapy, which is manifested by a relapse or an increase in the degree of disease activity. This therapy includes glucocorticosteroids, immunosuppressants, salicylates, genetically engineered biological drugs, and enteral nutrition products. In this regard, new methods of treatment are being developed, one of which is the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). There is experience in the world on the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in adult patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Clinical studies on the use of MSCs in children with IBD are in their infancy. The article describes a clinical case demonstrating the effectiveness of MSC administration in a patient with Crohn's disease. It demonstrates the short-term clinical efficacy of systemic administration of allogeneic MSCs in a patient with Crohn's disease as a combination treatment with standard therapy. The results of the study confirm that the use of MSCs with their powerful immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory and regenerative potential can be one of the components of complex therapy for IBD in children.
MEDICAL STUDENTS PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL STATUS ANALYSIS WHILE TRAINING IN CONTINIOUS AND CYCLE SYSTEMS
Authors:   Belarusian State Medical University, I.P. Siamionau , N.A. Dziarzhynskaya ,   Belarusian State Medical University, I.A. Kurash ,   Belarusian State Medical University, V.P. Filonov ,   Belarusian State Medical University, P.N. Liapioshka ,   Belarusian State Medical University, E.I. Leonovich ,   Belarusian State Medical University
Published: November 2021

The psychophysiological status of medical students determines the effectiveness of knowledge assimilation and training, and is largely due to the peculiarities of the organization of the educational process, which differs significantly at the initial and final courses and is represented, respectively, by the flow and cyclic training systems. Objective — to reveal the gender characteristics of psychophysiological functions in medical students, depending on the form of organization of the educational process (cyclic or continuous). Methods: cross-sectional study of psychophysiological indicators of 35 medical students of the 2nd, 5th and 6th years, studying in cyclic and flow systems using the hardware-software complex "NS-PsychoTest". The obtained indicators were processed using Microsoft Excel and Statistica 10.0 software. Results. Majority of students from the entire observed group, had pronounced weakness of the nervous system, the level of lability was above average. The imbalance of nervous processes with a predominance of inhibition was more often registered in students using the cyclic system (39,1 %) than in the flow system (25 %). Students enrolled in the flow system had higher rates of response to stimuli, functional level of the system, stability of response, and higher levels of functional capabilities. Conclusion. The data obtained indicate a high mental load on the nervous system of students, as well as the predominance of depletion processes of nervous functions. At the same time, the imbalance of nervous processes with a predominance of inhibition was more often recorded in students using the cyclic system than the flow system.
THE ROLE OF MOTIVATIONAL COUNSELING AND INFORMATION IN THE PRACTICE OF A DENTIST
Authors:   Belarusian State Medical University, H. Hubkina
Published: November 2021

This article is devoted to assessing the impact of motivational counseling and information on effectiveness of prevention of manifestations of multi-organ inflammatory syndrome in the oral cavity after the transfer of Covid-19.
INJURY INCIDENCE AMONG OFFICERS IN ARMED FORCES OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS (2003–2020)
Authors:   Gomel State Medical University, V.I. Evdokimov , D.A. Chernov ,   Nikiforov Russian Center of Emergency and Radiation medicine EMERCOM of Russia
Published: November 2021

Research objective. Analysis of injury incidence among officers in Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus for 18 years (2003–2020). Materials and methods. We studied the annual medical reports about the state of health and morbidity among the officers in the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus (the form №3/med). Results. Average annual injury incidence among officers in Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus in 2003–2020 was (13.37  1.43) ‰, the proportion in the structure of primary morbidity for all ICD-10 classes was (1.8 ± 0.1)%, hospitalizations – (7.13 ± 0.81) ‰ and (3,7 ± 0.3)%, respectively, days of labor losses – (299.9 ± 25.6) ‰ and (7.0 ± 0.5)%, respectively, dismission rates – (0.118 ± 0.022) ‰ and (2.8 ± 0.5)%, mortality – (33.37 ± 5.40) per 100 thousand servicemen and (44.0 ± 5.4)%. With different in significance coefficients of determination, polynomial trends of the listed medical and statistical indicators demonstrate a decrease in data. In the structure of the integral assessment – the military and epidemiological significance of injuries for health disorders among officers 86.9% was the sum of the proportions of injuries of the hip joint and lower extremities (8-10th group), head injuries (1st group), injuries of several body areas (11th group), injuries of the shoulder girdle and upper extremities (5-7th group) and chest (3rd group). Injuries related to the performance of official duties among officers accounted 38.8%, not related to the performance of official duties – 61.2%. Conclusion. Analysis of the data on injury incidence among officers with the use of an integral assessment will improve medical support. Injury is not exclusively a medical problem. It is necessary to fully involve interested officials of the Armed Forces to study the cause-and-effect relationships and circumstances of the occurrence of injuries, with the improvement of preventive measures to prevent injuries among military personnel.
APPLICATION OF MARKERS OF CARTILAGE REMODELING FOR DETERMINATION OF THE LEVEL OF DEGRADATION OF HYALINE CARTILAGE AND ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH 0-1 X-RAY STAGES OF KNEE JOINT OSTEOARTHRITIS
Authors:   Belarusian State Medical University, N.A. Martusevich , A.I. Aleshkevich ,   Belarusian State Medical University, T.V. Bondar ,   Minsk Regional Clinical Hospital, E.A. Dmitrieva ,   6th City Clinical Hospital, E.I. Dashkevich ,   10th City Clinical Hospital
Published: November 2021

The article presents the results of determining the levels of markers of cartilage remodeling of type II collagen (CTX II) in urine and oligomeric matrix protein of cartilage (COMP) in blood plasma in patients of the main group with 0-1 radiological stages of osteoarthritis of the knee joint and the control group, which are compared with clinical data, results of MRI and ultrasound studies. The authors evaluated the effectiveness of various treatment regimens for osteoarthritis in groups with different levels of cartilage metabolism. In patients with a high level of cartilage tissue degradation, monotherapy was accompanied by a statistically significant increase in "MRT-WORMS, sum", while in patients on combination therapy, stabilization of the process (assessed by "MRT-WORMS, sum") was noted.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF WESTERN NILE FEVER
Authors:   Belarusian State Medical University, T.E. Dorozhenkova , O.A. Gorbich ,   Belarusian State Medical University, A.M. Dashkevich ,   Republican Center for Hygiene, Epidemiology and Public Health
Published: November 2021

The authors present the clinical and epidemiological features of West Nile fever among adults in Belarus. To solve the set tasks in this research, we used methods of epidemiological diagnostics and statistical research methods. To identify predictors of a severe disease patterns and an unfavorable outcome of the disease, we analyzed various parameters with the calculation of the odds ratio. According to the results obtained, the Republic of Belarus is characterized by summer seasonality when infected with the West Nile virus. According to the results obtained, the Republic of Belarus is characterized by summer seasonality when infected with the West Nile virus. In the age structure of patients with West Nile fever, the largest proportion is provided by young people (72.7%). A direct relationship has been established between the time of seeking medical care and the outcome of the disease.
MEASURES OF MEDICAL CONTROL IN THE SECURITY SYSTEM OF MILITARY PERSONNEL, CIVIL STAFF, POPULATION WHEN OPERATING TRANSMITTING RADIO ENGINEERING FACILITIES IN THE MILITARY UNIT
Authors:   Belarusian State Medical University, V.V. Belyanko , S.A. Vashetko ,   Belarusian State Medical University
Published: November 2021

The article presents an overview of the basic requirements for objects that are sources of electromagnetic radiation in the radio frequency range, a brief technical characteristics of radar stations, and the peculiarities of the effect of microwave radiation on the human body. Measures of medical control are recommended, carried out during the commissioning of radar stations, certification, as well as the organization of production control.
FEATURES OF ADAPTATION TO EXTREME CONDITIONS AND THE LEVEL OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN BSUFC STUDENTS
Authors:   Belarusian State University of Physical Education, K.E. Zborovsky , N.G. Arinchina ,   Belarusian State University of Physical Education, O.E. Aniskova ,   Belarusian State University of Physical Education
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the features of adaptation to extreme conditions, depending on the level of physical activity in sports students. 70 people studying at the Belarusian State University of Physical Culture were examined. The first group consisted of 40 students studying at the health faculty, who do not train and do not participate in competitions at the present time. The second group consisted of 30 students who have increased physical activity (cyclic sports), who are currently training and participating in competitions. The results of the study showed that as physical activity increases, the tendency to display symptoms of sports addiction increases; at the same time, there is a high psychological stability in extreme conditions against the background of higher emotional stability, a lower level of anxiety and fears; a significantly lower number of restrictions associated with sports addiction.
STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF NIGHT SHIFT FOR THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF DOCTORS
Authors:   Belarusian State Medical University, A.F. Krot
Published: November 2021

The article presents the results of a study conducted among 755 doctors. 446 doctors worked at night (main group), 309 did not work at night (comparison group). Respondents who work shifts at night had significantly worse indicators on all subscales of the SF-36 (36-Item Short-Form Health Survey). With the exclusion from the main group of doctors working in emergency medical care, as well as doctors who are constantly on duty at night (obstetricians, resuscitators), the results of a comparative assessment of the SF-36 subscales for doctors on duty and not on duty at night did not change. When dividing the study sample of respondents into age groups by percentiles and subsequent comparison, it was revealed that young doctors of the main group under the age of 26 years do not have significant differences in any of the SF-36 scales from doctors under 26 years of age in the comparison group. In each subsequent age group, the number of parameters significantly differing for the worse among the respondents on duty is growing. Within the main group and within the comparison group between the first (up to 26 years old) and the second (27-32 years old) age groups, there were no significant differences in the SF-36 indicators. When compared with older age groups, the differences increased and became significant. Interestingly, in the main group and the comparison group, the changes were multidirectional. Among the older respondents of the main group, a number of SF-36 indicators, especially those affecting physical functioning, significantly worsened. The older respondents in the comparison group had an improvement in the SF-36 indicators, affecting mainly mental functioning, while the quality of physical functioning did not change.
Process-based and observation-constrained SOA simulations in China: the role of semivolatile and intermediate-volatility organic compounds and OH levels
Authors: Miao Ruqian , Chen Qi , Shrivastava Manish , Chen Youfan , Zhang Lin , Hu Jianlin , Zheng Yan , Liao Keren
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Organic aerosol (OA) is a major component of tropospheric submicron aerosol that contributes to air pollution and causes adverse effects on human
health. Chemical transport models have difficulties in reproducing the variability in OA concentrations in polluted areas, hindering understanding
of the OA budget and sources. Herein, we apply both process-based and observation-constrained schemes to simulate OA in GEOS-Chem. Comprehensive
data sets of surface OA, OA components, secondary organic aerosol (SOA) precursors, and oxidants were used for model–observation comparisons. The
base models generally underestimate the SOA concentrations in China. In the revised schemes, updates were made on the emissions, volatility
distributions, and SOA yields of semivolatile and intermediate-volatility organic compounds (SVOCs and IVOCs) and additional nitrous acid sources. With all
the model improvements, both the process-based and observation-constrained SOA schemes can reproduce the observed mass concentrations of SOA and
show spatial and seasonal consistency with each other. Our best model simulations suggest that anthropogenic SVOCs and IVOCs are the dominant source of SOA,
with a contribution of over 50 % in most of China, which should be considered for pollution mitigation in the future. The residential sector may
be the predominant source of SVOCs and IVOCs in winter, despite large uncertainty remaining in the emissions of IVOCs from the residential sector in northern
China. The industry sector is also an important source of IVOCs, especially in summer. More SVOC and IVOC measurements are needed to constrain their
emissions. Besides, the results highlight the sensitivity of SOA to hydroxyl radical (OH) levels in winter in polluted environments. The addition of
nitrous acid sources can lead to over 30 % greater SOA mass concentrations in winter in northern China. It is important to have good OH
simulations in air quality models.
Revisiting adiabatic fraction estimations in cumulus clouds: high-resolution simulations with a passive tracer
Authors: Eytan Eshkol , Koren Ilan , Altaratz Orit , Pinsky Mark , Khain Alexander
Published: November 2021

Abstract. The process of mixing in warm convective clouds and its effects on microphysics are crucial for an accurate description of cloud fields, weather, and climate. Still, they remain open questions in the field of cloud physics. Adiabatic regions in the cloud could be considered non-mixed areas and therefore serve as an important reference to mixing. For this reason, the adiabatic fraction (AF) is an important parameter that estimates the mixing level in the cloud in a simple way.
Here, we test different methods of AF calculations using high-resolution (10 m) simulations of isolated warm cumulus clouds. The calculated AFs are compared with a normalized concentration of a passive tracer, which is a measure of dilution by mixing. This comparison enables the examination of how well the AF parameter can determine mixing effects and the estimation of the accuracy of different approaches used to calculate it. Comparison of three different methods to derive AF, with the passive tracer, shows that one method is much more robust than the others. Moreover, this method's equation structure also allows for the isolation of different assumptions that are often practiced when calculating AF such as vertical profiles, cloud-base height, and the linearity of AF with height. The use of a detailed spectral bin microphysics scheme allows an accurate description of the supersaturation field and demonstrates that the accuracy of the saturation adjustment assumption depends on aerosol concentration, leading to an underestimation of AF in pristine environments.