bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling and calibration of high-order joint-dependent kinematic errors of serial robot based on local POE
Authors: Zhang Yujie , Cui Jing , Li Yang , Chu Zhongyi
Published: May 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to address the issue of model discontinuity typically encountered in traditional Denavit-Hartenberg (DH) models. To achieve this, we propose the use of a local Product of Exponentials (POE) approach. Additionally, a modified calibration model is presented which takes into account both kinematic errors and high-order joint-dependent kinematic errors. Both kinematic errors and high-order joint-dependent kinematic errors are analyzed to modify the model.

Design/methodology/approach

Robot positioning accuracy is critically important in high-speed and heavy-load manufacturing applications. One essential problem encountered in calibration of series robot is that the traditional methods only consider fitting kinematic errors, while ignoring joint-dependent kinematic errors.

Findings

Laguerre polynomials are chosen to fitting kinematic errors and high-order joint-dependent kinematic errors which can avoid the Runge phenomenon of curve fitting to a great extent. Levenberg–Marquard algorithm, which is insensitive to overparameterization and can effectively deal with redundant parameters, is used to quickly calibrate the modified model. Experiments on an EFFORT ER50 robot are implemented to validate the efficiency of the proposed method; compared with the Chebyshev polynomial calibration methods, the positioning accuracy is improved from 0.2301 to 0.2224 mm.

Originality/value

The results demonstrate the substantial improvement in the absolute positioning accuracy achieved by the proposed calibration methods on an industrial serial robot.
NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center standard reference libraries and software tools: Application to seized drug analysis
Authors: Wallace William E. , Moorthy Arun S.
Published: May 2023

The standard reference libraries and associated custom software provided by the National Institute of Standards and Technology's Mass Spectrometry Data Center (NIST MSDC) are described with a focus on assisting the seized drug analyst with the identification of fentanyl‐related substances (FRS). These tools are particularly useful when encountering novel substances when no certified sample is available. The MSDC provides three standard reference mass spectral libraries, as well as six software packages for mass spectral analysis, reference library searching, data interpretation, and measurement uncertainty estimation. Each of these libraries and software packages are described with references to the original publications provided. Examples of fentanyl identification by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and by direct analysis in real‐time (DART) mass spectrometry are given. A link to online tutorials is provided.
Phylogeny‐based assignment of functional traits to DNA barcodes outperforms distance‐based, in a comparison of approaches
Authors: Xie Tingting , Orr Michael C. , Zhang Dan , Ferrari Rafael R. , Li Yi , Liu Xiuwei , Niu Zeqing , Wang Mingqiang , Zhou Qingsong , Hao Jiasheng , Zhu Chaodong , Chesters Douglas
Published: May 2023

The full potential for using DNA barcodes for profiling functional trait diversity has yet to be determined in plants and animals; thus, we outline a general framework for quantifying functional trait diversity of insect community DNA and propose and assess the accuracy of three methods for achieving this. We built a novel dataset of traits and DNA barcodes for wild bees in China. An informatics framework was developed for phylogeny‐based integration of these data and prediction of traits for any subject barcodes, which was compared with two distance‐based methods. For Phylogenetic Assignment, we additionally conducted a species‐level analysis of publically available bee trait data. Under the specimen‐level dataset, the rate of trait assignment was negatively correlated with distance between the query and the nearest trait‐known reference, for all methods. Phylogenetic Assignment was found to perform best under several criteria; particularly, it had the lowest false‐positive rate (rarely returning a state prediction where success was unlikely; where the distance from query to the nearest reference was high). For a wider range of compiled traits, conservative life‐history traits showed the highest rates of assignment; for example, sociality was predicted with confidence at 53%, parasitism at 44% and nest location at 33%. As outlined herein, automated trait assignment might be applied at scale to either barcodes or metabarcodes. With further compilation and databasing of DNA barcode and trait data, the rate and accuracy of trait assignment is expected to increase to the point of being a widely viable and informative approach.
The Coup Capital of the Democratic World? Voters and Prime Ministerial Change in Australia
Authors: Cameron Sarah , McAllister Ian
Published: May 2023

Between 2010 and 2018, Australia saw four sitting prime ministers deposed by their own parties, giving the country the title “the coup capital of the democratic world”. In this paper, we use Australian Election Study surveys and commercial opinion poll data to analyse what voters thought of these changes and whether they lifted the electoral fortunes of their respective parties. The results suggest that voters' views of the changes depended on the popularity of the leader in question, but that a desire to see better economic performance reinforced support for a change in prime minister. There is little evidence that opinion polls played a role in any of the changes, at least for voters. There is also no evidence that the changes improved the subsequent vote for each of the parties that changed a prime minister; indeed, in three of the four cases the party vote declined significantly following the change.
Investigation and management of the monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
Authors: Stern Simon , Chaudhuri Satarupa , Drayson Mark , Henshaw Sarah , Karunanithi Kamaraj , Willis Fenella ,   the Haemato‐Oncology Task Force of the British Society for Haematology and the UK Myeloma Forum
Published: May 2023

This Good Practice Paper provides recommendations for the diagnosis, risk stratification and management of the monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). It describes the recently recognised entity of the monoclonal gammopathy of clinical significance (MGCS), and recommends how it should be managed. The potential for targeted population screening for MGUS is also discussed.
bTUNED: transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation for neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction
Authors: Stalder Stephanie A. , Gross Oliver , Anderson Collene E. , Bachmann Lucas M. , Baumann Sarah , Birkhäuser Veronika , Bywater Mirjam , del Popolo Giulio , Engeler Daniel S. , Agrò Enrico Finazzi , Friedl Susanne , Grilo Nuno , Kiss Stephan , Koschorke Miriam , Leitner Lorenz , Liechti Martina D. , Mehnert Ulrich , Musco Stefania , Sadri Helen , Stächele Lara , Tornic Jure , van der Lely Stéphanie , Wyler Stephen , Kessler Thomas M.
Published: May 2023

Objective

To present the protocol for a randomized controlled trial (RCT) evaluating the efficacy and safety of transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (TTNS) for refractory neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD).

Study Design and Results

bTUNED (bladder and TranscUtaneous tibial Nerve stimulation for nEurogenic lower urinary tract Dysfunction) is an international multicentre, sham‐controlled, double‐blind RCT investigating the efficacy and safety of TTNS. The primary outcome is success of TTNS, defined as improvements in key bladder diary variables at study end compared to baseline values. The focus of the treatment is defined by the Self‐Assessment Goal Achievement (SAGA) questionnaire. Secondary outcomes are the effect of TTNS on urodynamic, neurophysiological, and bowel function outcome measures, as well as the safety of TTNS.

Conclusions

A total of 240 patients with refractory NLUTD will be included and randomized 1:1 into the verum or sham TTNS group from March 2020 until August 2026. TTNS will be performed twice a week for 30 min during 6 weeks. The patients will attend baseline assessments, 12 treatment visits and follow‐up assessments at the study end.
A longitudinal study of how women's prenatal and postnatal concerns related to the COVID‐19 pandemic predicts their infants' social–emotional development
Authors: Wiley Kyle S. , Fox Molly M. , Gildner Theresa E. , Thayer Zaneta M.
Published: May 2023

Infant social–emotional development may be impacted by the COVID‐19 pandemic. This study investigated associations between maternal pre‐ and postnatal pandemic‐related concerns and social–emotional developmental risk. Data, collected in 2020–2021, came from 220 mothers (87% white, 6% Hispanic, 1% Black, 3% Asian, 1% American Indian, Mage = 32.46 years), and infants (53.18% male, Mage = 12.98 months) in the United States. Maternal postnatal pandemic‐related concerns were associated with total risk scores (B = 6.09, p‐value <.001) and offspring risk of scoring positive for problems related to inflexibility (B = 4.07, p‐value = .006). The total score association was moderated by self‐reported social support. Infants may be detrimentally impacted by the pandemic via maternal pandemic‐related concerns. Maternal social support may buffer infants.
Facing ambiguity with action
Authors: Duin Cate
Published: May 2023

An insurrection, threats to our election system, and widespread distrust have spurred a national conversation about civic engagement. Many people of faith are responding with a desire to take action. However, the path to action is often deeply ambiguous. How we choose to take action that counts. This article is a personal reflection on how political engagement can animate faith and faith can guide political engagement. It suggests constant reflection on the subtle ways we can be led into complacency or inaction when interacting with political institutions. By reflecting on these mechanisms and connecting with our faith communities, this article posits that people of faith can thoughtfully and boldly make the daily decisions that make up our civic engagement.
Sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors and kidney outcomes in real‐world type 2 diabetes populations: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies
Authors: Forbes Anna K. , Suckling Rebecca J. , Hinton William , Feher Michael D. , Banerjee Debasish , Cole Nicholas I. , de Lusignan Simon , Swift Pauline A.
Published: May 2023

Aim

To conduct a systematic review of observational studies to explore the real‐world kidney benefits of sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in a large and diverse population of adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Materials and Methods

We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science for observational studies that investigated kidney disease progression in adults with T2D treated with SGLT2 inhibitors compared to other glucose‐lowering therapies. Studies published from database inception to July 2022 were independently reviewed by two authors and evaluated using the Risk of Bias in Non‐randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS‐I) tool. A random‐effects meta‐analysis was performed on studies with comparable outcome data, reported as hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

We identified 34 studies performed across 15 countries with a total population of 1 494 373 for inclusion. In the meta‐analysis of 20 studies, SGLT2 inhibitors were associated with a 46% lower risk of kidney failure events compared with other glucose‐lowering drugs (HR 0.54, 95% CI 0.47–0.63). This finding was consistent across multiple sensitivity analyses and was independent of baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) or albuminuria status. SGLT2 inhibitors were associated with a lower risk of kidney failure when compared with dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors and a combination of other glucose‐lowering drug classes (HR 0.50, 95% CI 0.38–0.67 and HR 0.51, 95% CI 0.44–0.59, respectively). However, when compared to glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists there was no statistically significant difference in the risk of kidney failure (HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.80–1.09).

Conclusions

The reno‐protective benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors apply to a broad population of adults with T2D treated in routine clinical practice, including those at lower risk of kidney events with normal eGFR and without albuminuria. These findings support the early use of SGLT2 inhibitors in T2D for preservation of kidney health.
Better to be direct? Evidence from the abolition of direct elections in Italian local governments
Authors: Ferlenga Francesco
Published: May 2023

This paper provides evidence for the importance of direct electoral processes by investigating the consequences for public spending of an unexpected reform that repealed direct elections for local (provincial) politicians in Italy. Direct elections were substituted with indirect ones, whereby directly elected municipal politicians choose a municipal mayor to serve as provincial president. Using a difference‐in‐differences strategy, I document two main consequences of the reform. First, municipalities connected to the provincial presidents tend to receive disproportionately more public funds after the reform, suggesting geographic favoritism increased. Second, the share of provincial resources spent on public goods drops in favor of bureaucratic costs. I discuss suggestive evidence that these results are driven by weaker electoral incentives rather than by the selection of worse politicians.
A potentially new thromboembolic event scoring system in polycythaemia vera patients: An audit of the Hungarian Philadelphia negative chronic myeloproliferative neoplasia register
Authors: Karadi Eva , Dombi Peter , Korom Viktoria Gyorine , Kovacs Eszter , Herczeg Jozsef , Andrikovics Hajnalka , Illes Arpad , Demeter Judit , Homor Lajos , Udvardy Miklós , Egyed Miklós
Published: May 2023

Objective

The Hungarian National Registry for Philadelphia chromosome negative myeloproliferative neoplasms was used to analyse the thromboembolic events (TE) of Hungarian patients with polycythemia vera (PV).

Methods

Data from 351 JAK2 V617F‐positive patients diagnosed with PV were collected online from 15 haematology centres reporting clinical characteristics, therapeutic interventions and thromboembolic events. TE events were evaluated before and after diagnosis based upon the Landolfi and Tefferi risk assessment scales.

Results

TE were reported on 102 patients before diagnosis and 100 during the follow‐up period. Comparing to the frequency of major arterial events before PV diagnosis, we can notice a decreasing tendency after diagnosis: from 12.3% to 2.6% (p < .00003). There was no significant change in the rate of major venous events (from 5.1% to 8.5%; p = .1134) or minor arterial events (from 11.7% to 17.4%; p = .073).

Bleeding events were recorded in 5.7% of patients. Despite treatment with HU + ASA, 44 patients (43.1%) with prior TE had recurrent thromboembolic complications. The particular analysis of our data revealed a new TE scoring system based on: age, gender, previous TE and iron deficiency at the time of diagnosis.

Conclusions

Our registry enables characterisation of patients with PV. The high level of recurrent TE events highlights the need for more effective and risk‐adapted therapy.
Metabolic effects of early life stress and pre‐pregnancy obesity are long lasting and sex specific in mice
Authors: Brix Lea M. , Monleon Daniel , Collado Maria Carmen , Ederveen Thomas H. A. , Toksöz Irmak , Bordes Joeri , van Doeselaar Lotte , Engelhardt Clara , Mitra Shiladitya , Narayan Sowmya , Schmidt Mathias V.
Published: May 2023

Early life stress (ELS) is associated with metabolic, cognitive, and psychiatric diseases and has a very high prevalence, highlighting the urgent need for a better understanding of the versatile physiological changes and identification of predictive biomarkers. In addition to programming the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, ELS may also affect the gut microbiota and metabolome, opening up a promising research direction for identifying early biomarkers of ELS‐induced (mal)adaptation. Other factors affecting these parameters include maternal metabolic status and diet, with maternal obesity shown to predispose offspring to later metabolic disease. The aim of the present study was to investigate the long‐term effects of ELS and maternal obesity on the metabolic and stress phenotype of rodent offspring. To this end, offspring of both sexes were subjected to an adverse early‐life experience, and their metabolic and stress phenotypes were examined. In addition, we assessed whether a prenatal maternal and an adult high‐fat diet (HFD) stressor further shape observed ELS‐induced phenotypes. We show that ELS has long‐term effects on male body weight (BW) across the lifespan, whereas females more successfully counteract ELS‐induced weight loss, possibly by adapting their microbiota, thereby stabilizing a balanced metabolome. Furthermore, the metabolic effects of a maternal HFD on BW are exclusively triggered by a dietary challenge in adult offspring and are more pronounced in males than in females. Overall, our study suggests that the female microbiota protects against an ELS challenge, rendering them more resilient to additional maternal‐ and adult nutritional stressors than males.
Time‐dependent impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus on incident prodromal Alzheimer disease: A longitudinal study in 1395 participants
Authors: Luo Tong , Tu Yun‐Feng , Huang Shan , Ma Yuan‐Yuan , Wang Qing‐Hua , Wang Yan‐Jiang , Wang Jun ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: May 2023

Background and purpose

This study was undertaken to investigate the longitudinal impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on the prodromal and dementia stages of Alzheimer disease (AD), focusing on diabetes duration and other comorbidities.

Methods

A total of 1395 dementia‐free individuals aged 55–90 years with maximum 15‐year follow‐up data were enrolled from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of the incidence of prodromal or dementia stages of AD.

Results

Longer T2DM duration (≥5 years; multiadjusted HR = 2.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.05–4.58), but not shorter T2DM duration (<5 years), was associated with a significantly increased risk of incident prodromal AD over a mean follow‐up of 4.8 years. APOE ε4 allele (HR = 3.32, 95% CI = 1.41–7.79) and comorbid coronary artery disease (CAD; HR = 3.20, 95% CI = 1.29–7.95) further increased the risk of incident prodromal AD in patients with T2DM. No significant association was observed between T2DM and the risk of progression from prodromal AD to AD dementia.

Conclusions

T2DM, which is characterized by a longer duration, increases the incidence risk of prodromal AD but not AD dementia. APOE ε4 allele and comorbid CAD strengthen the relationship between T2DM and prodromal AD. These findings highlight T2DM characteristics and its comorbidities as predictors for accurate prediction of AD and screening of at‐risk populations.
A novel KCNC1 gain‐of‐function variant causing developmental and epileptic encephalopathy: “Precision medicine” approach with fluoxetine
Authors: Ambrosino Paolo , Ragona Francesca , Mosca Ilaria , Vannicola Chiara , Canafoglia Laura , Solazzi Roberta , Rivolta Ilaria , Freri Elena , Granata Tiziana , Messina Giuliana , Castellotti Barbara , Gellera Cinzia , Soldovieri Maria Virginia , DiFrancesco Jacopo Cosimo , Taglialatela Maurizio
Published: May 2023

Variable phenotypes, including developmental encephalopathy with (DEE) or without seizures and myoclonic epilepsy and ataxia due to potassium channel mutation, are caused by pathogenetic variants in KCNC1, encoding for Kv3.1 channel subunits. In vitro, channels carrying most KCNC1 pathogenic variants display loss‐of‐function features. Here, we describe a child affected by DEE with fever‐triggered seizures, caused by a novel de novo heterozygous missense KCNC1 variant (c.1273G>A; V425M). Patch‐clamp recordings in transiently transfected CHO cells revealed that, compared to wild‐type, Kv3.1 V425M currents (1) were larger, with membrane potentials between −40 and +40 mV; (2) displayed a hyperpolarizing shift in activation gating; (3) failed to inactivate; and (4) had slower activation and deactivation kinetics, consistent with a mixed functional pattern with prevalent gain‐of‐function effects. Exposure to the antidepressant drug fluoxetine inhibited currents expressed by both wild‐type and mutant Kv3.1 channels. Treatment of the proband with fluoxetine led to a rapid and prolonged clinical amelioration, with the disappearance of seizures and an improvement in balance, gross motor skills, and oculomotor coordination. These results suggest that drug repurposing based on the specific genetic defect may provide an effective personalized treatment for KCNC1‐related DEEs.
Women as leaders in male‐dominated sectors: A bifocal analysis of gendered organizational practices
Authors: O’Brien Wendy , Hanlon Clare , Apostolopoulos Vasso
Published: May 2023

Women in male‐dominated sectors face significant challenges to progress their leadership aspirations. While organizations have activated policies and practices that ostensibly assist women to progress, they still face entrenched gendered practices and cultures that create ongoing obstacles. In this paper, we examine the gendered social practices from insights of 15 women leaders in Australia as they attempt to advance their careers. In particular, on formal policies, informal practices, narratives and social interactions, and informal patterns of unconscious bias and merit, they negotiate in three male‐dominated sectors: Trades, Sport, and Surgery. The findings indicate a disconnect between policies and their application. Women were conflicted about the importance of quotas, and often felt unable to access flexible work arrangements upon returning to work after parental leave. Career pathways were often unclear, and women felt a lack of support from their organization, particularly when they attempted to navigate dominant masculine cultures. Drawing on these findings, we argue that executive leaders are central to changing the systemic sexism and discrimination in organizations that persist in male‐dominated sectors. To create organizational changes necessary for women to step into leadership roles, we propose four target areas: create accessible and visible career pathways, provide networking support, activate mentoring opportunities, and address unconscious bias.
Convivina is a specialised core gut symbiont of the invasive hornet Vespa velutina
Authors: Hettiarachchi Amanda , Cnockaert Margo , Joossens Marie , Laureys David , De Clippeleer Jessika , Vereecken Nicolas J. , Michez Denis , Smagghe Guy , de Graaf Dirk C. , Vandamme Peter
Published: May 2023

We provide a culturomics analysis of the cultivable bacterial communities of the crop, midgut and hindgut compartments, as well as the ovaries, of the invasive insect Vespa velutina, along with a cultivation‐independent analysis of samples of the same nest through 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. The Vespa velutina bacterial symbiont community was dominated by the genera Convivina, Fructobacillus, Lactiplantibacillus, Lactococcus, Sphingomonas and Spiroplasma. Lactococcus lactis and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum represented generalist core lactic acid bacteria (LAB) symbionts, while Convivina species and Fructobacillus fructosus represented highly specialised core LAB symbionts with strongly reduced genome sizes. Sphingomonas and Spiroplasma were the only non‐LAB core symbionts but were not isolated. Convivina bacteria were particularly enriched in the hornet crop and included Convivina intestini, a species adapted towards amino acid metabolism, and Convivina praedatoris sp. nov. which was adapted towards carbohydrate metabolism.
Enhanced resistivity and strain stability of BiFeO3–BaTiO3 ceramics by hot‐press sintering in oxygen atmosphere
Authors: Kang Wenshuo , Guo Xiaojie , Zhou Zhiyong , Liang Ruihong
Published: May 2023

Even though BiFeO3–BaTiO3 (BF–BT) with high Curie temperature and excellent piezoelectric properties is very suitable for high‐temperature applications, its rapid reduction in resistivity with temperature limits its further application. So far, there is no effective method to improve the resistivity of BF–BT at a high‐temperature state. In this work, hot‐press sintering combined with an oxygen atmosphere was used to prepare (1 − x)BF–xBT (x = 0.2–0.33) ceramics for the first time, which reduced the sintering temperature from 1000 to 920°C. The controllable grain size can be achieved by adjusting the sintering temperature and the applied pressure. The X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy results confirmed that using hot‐press sintering effectively avoided the generation of heterovalent Fe ions, and the resistivity of BF–BT ceramics at the high‐temperature stage was improved by two orders of magnitude. It was found that hot‐press sintering can cause the oriented growth of the sample along the (1 1 0) direction, and further refined X‐ray diffraction was used to accurately analyze the changes in the lattice structure. The hot‐press sintered samples obtained larger polarization strength, especially the electro‐induced strain showed excellent temperature stability in the wide temperature range of 30–170°C. Hot‐pressing sintering combined with an oxygen atmosphere is more suitable for preparing high insulation and electrical breakdown resistance ceramics.
Sociodemographic determinants of eating patterns in two Latin American populations
Authors: Pineda Adriana Marcela Ruiz , Cifuentes Maite Catalina Agudelo , Montoya Luz Marina Arboleda , Leal Vanessa Sá , de Souza Nathália Paula , de Lira Pedro Israel Cabral
Published: May 2023

Background

The present study aimed to describe the dietary patterns of a population from Brazil and another from Colombia with respect to understanding their determinants, similarities and differences.

Methods

An analytical cross‐sectional study was conducted based on secondary data. The dietary patterns of the adult population of Pernambuco, Brazil, as well as those of the adult population of Antioquia, Colombia, were analysed using principal component analysis method with orthogonal varimax rotation, and a Poisson regression with robust variance was used to verify the association between eating patterns and socio‐economic variables.

Results

In each population, three eating patterns were identified. One of them related to healthy eating, named “Prudent”, was identified in the two populations analysed. In Pernambuco, a food pattern consisting exclusively of foods with some degree of processing was verified, entitled “Processed”. The food culture was reflected in the pattern called “Traditional‐Regional” in Pernambuco and the “Traditional” and “Regional” patterns in Antioquia.

Conclusions

Income, education, age, family size, food security status and area of residence were presented as determinants of dietary patterns in both populations. Elements of the food transition were found, which seems to have happened more rapidly in Pernambuco. The food groups that make up the dietary patterns of each population are similar, but the foods that constitute them present differences due to their availability depending on aspects such as climate, soil quality, access to water, local culture and food tradition.
Parental experience is linked with lower vasopressin receptor 1a binding and decreased postpartum androgens in titi monkeys
Authors: Baxter Alexander , Karaskiewicz Chloe L. , Campbell Lindsey A. , Kinnally Erin L. , Ferrer Emilio , Seelke Adele H. M. , Freeman Sara M. , Bales Karen L.
Published: May 2023

Parenting induces many neurological and behavioral changes that enable parents to rear offspring. Vasopressin plays an important role in this process via its effects on cognition, affect, and neuroplasticity, and in some cases, via interactions with decreased parental androgens. Thus far, the role of these hormones has been primarily studied in rodents. To address this gap, we explored vasopressin receptors and androgens in titi monkeys, a pair‐bonding and biparental primate species. In Studies 1 and 2, we used receptor autoradiography to correlate arginine vasopressin receptor 1a (AVPR1a) binding in the hippocampus (Study 1, n = 10) and the rest of the forebrain (Study 2, n = 23) with parental status, parental experience, parity, infant carrying, and pair affiliation. We found that parents exhibited lower AVPR1a binding than non‐parents throughout most brain regions assessed, with especially strong effects in the hippocampus (β = −.61), superior colliculus (β = −.88), lateral septum (β = −.35), and medial preoptic area (β = −.29). The other measures of parental experience also tended to be negatively associated with AVPR1a binding across different brain regions. In Study 3 (n = 44), we compared pre‐ and postpartum urinary androgen levels in parents and non‐parents and found that mothers exhibited a sustained androgen decrease across 3–4 months postpartum (relative to 3 months prepartum; β ranged from −.72 to −.62 for different comparisons). For males, we found that multiparous fathers exhibited decreased androgen levels at 1–2 weeks postpartum (β = −.25) and at 3–4 months postpartum (β = −.40) compared to the prepartum, indicating both immediate and long‐term reductions with subsequent paternal experience. Together, the results of this study suggest that decreases in AVPR1a binding and circulating androgens are associated with parental behavior and physiology in titi monkeys.
Exploring experiences of moral injury and distress among health care workers during the Covid‐19 pandemic
Authors: Denham Faye , Varese Filippo , Hurley Mitchell , Allsopp Kate
Published: May 2023

Objective

Health care workers have been exposed to a variety of practical and emotional challenges because of the Covid‐19 pandemic, leaving them vulnerable to experiencing moral injury and distress. However, there is currently sparse research which directly explores such experiences. This study aimed to explore and characterise the experiences and impacts of moral injury and distress among health care workers during the pandemic.

Methods

Twenty semi‐structured interviews were conducted with health care workers employed across both mental and physical health care services. Interviews were analysed from a critical realist perspective using thematic analysis.

Results

Three key themes were identified: attitudes towards moral injury, experiences of moral injury and consequences of moral injury. Participants appeared to identify with the idea of acting against their morals to varying extents based on their job roles. Participants experienced a range of potentially morally injurious and distressing events throughout the pandemic and many ultimately felt that they provided sub‐standard levels of care due to extreme pressures on services. Detrimental impacts upon wellbeing were commonly reported, including high levels of emotional distress and feelings of guilt and shame. Some reported a loss of enthusiasm for their job and a desire to leave the profession entirely.

Conclusion

Moral injury and distress presents a real concern for staff wellbeing and retention within the profession. During and beyond the Covid‐19 pandemic, there is an urgent need for health care providers to implement wider strategies to target moral injury and distress, and support staff within health care settings.
Low temperature compensates for defective tapetum initiation to restore the fertility of the novel TGMS line ostms15
Authors: Han Yu , Jiang Sheng‐Zhe , Zhong Xiang , Chen Xing , Ma Chang‐Kai , Yang Yan‐Ming , Mao Yi‐Chen , Zhou Si‐Da , Zhou Lei , Zhang Yan‐Fei , Huang Xue‐Hui , Zhang Hui , Li Lai‐Geng , Zhu Jun , Yang Zhong‐Nan
Published: May 2023

In rice breeding, thermosensitive genic male sterility (TGMS) lines based on the tms5 locus have been extensively employed. Here, we reported a novel rice TGMS line ostms15 (Oryza sativa ssp. japonica ZH11) which show male sterility under high temperature and fertility under low temperature. Field evaluation from 2018 to 2021 revealed that its sterility under high temperature is more stable than that of tms5 (ZH11), even with occasional low temperature periods, indicating its considerable value for rice breeding. OsTMS15 encodes an LRR‐RLK protein MULTIPLE SPOROCYTE1 (MSP1) which was reported to interact with its ligand to initiate tapetum development for pollen formation. In ostms15, a point mutation from GTA (Val) to GAA (Glu) in its TIR motif of the LRR region led to the TGMS phenotype. Cellular observation and gene expression analysis showed that the tapetum is still present in ostms15, while its function was substantially impaired under high temperature. However, its tapetum function was restored under low temperature. The interaction between mOsTMS15 and its ligand was reduced while this interaction was partially restored under low temperature. Slow development was reported to be a general mechanism of P/TGMS fertility restoration. We propose that the recovered protein interaction together with slow development under low temperature compensates for the defective tapetum initiation, which further restores ostms15 fertility. We used base editing to create a number of TGMS lines with different base substitutions based on the OsTMS15 locus. This work may also facilitate the mechanistic investigation and breeding of other crops.
“Some days are much holier than others”: Relational uncertainty and partner influence in Christian dating couples' sexual intimacy negotiation
Authors: Leonard Hodges Arielle , Bevan Jennifer L.
Published: May 2023

When intrafaith couples' religion strictly prohibits premarital sexual intercourse, negotiating sexual intimacy can become a multilayered process of identity negotiation that compounds the difficulty of sexual communication. Through the lens of relational turbulence theory, this study explored how devout Christian couples negotiate sexual intimacy by reanalyzing qualitative interview data the first author collected in 2017 from 16 self‐identified Christians (8 heterosexual couples). Seven themes revealed how relational uncertainty, partner interference, and partner facilitation manifested in the context of sexual intimacy negotiation. Themes of relational uncertainty experience and prevention includedassumption of shared values,relationship talk, andsexual behaviors as an uncertainty catalyst. Partner facilitation and interference emerged as themes of sexual escalation and de‐escalation includingsnowball effect, pinpointing underlying motivations for boundary violations,gatekeeping sexual temptation, anddrawing from shared values of sacrifice and prayer. These interpretive findings advance the literature on relational turbulence theory and provide Christian dating couples with practical advice for how to negotiate sexual intimacy in committed premarital relationships.
Is beta in agreement with the relatives? Using relative clause sentences to investigate MEG beta power dynamics during sentence comprehension
Authors: Lewis Ashley Glen , Schoffelen Jan‐Mathijs , Bastiaansen Marcel , Schriefers Herbert
Published: May 2023

There remains some debate about whether beta power effects observed during sentence comprehension reflect ongoing syntactic unification operations (beta‐syntax hypothesis), or instead reflect maintenance or updating of the sentence‐level representation (beta‐maintenance hypothesis). In this study, we used magnetoencephalography to investigate beta power neural dynamics while participants read relative clause sentences that were initially ambiguous between a subject‐ or an object‐relative reading. An additional condition included a grammatical violation at the disambiguation point in the relative clause sentences. The beta‐maintenance hypothesis predicts a decrease in beta power at the disambiguation point for unexpected (and less preferred) object‐relative clause sentences and grammatical violations, as both signal a need to update the sentence‐level representation. While the beta‐syntax hypothesis also predicts a beta power decrease for grammatical violations due to a disruption of syntactic unification operations, it instead predicts an increase in beta power for the object‐relative clause condition because syntactic unification at the point of disambiguation becomes more demanding. We observed decreased beta power for both the agreement violation and object‐relative clause conditions in typical left hemisphere language regions, which provides compelling support for the beta‐maintenance hypothesis. Mid‐frontal theta power effects were also present for grammatical violations and object‐relative clause sentences, suggesting that violations and unexpected sentence interpretations are registered as conflicts by the brain's domain‐general error detection system.
Representative bureaucracy and organizational attractiveness: An experimental study of symbolic representation of the US and UK police
Authors: Johnston Karen , Alberti Federica , Kravariti Foteini
Published: May 2023

Drawing upon representative bureaucracy theory, this study investigates the relationship between passive and symbolic representation by examining the extent to which a more passively representative public organization would be attractive as an employer. The study involved a randomized survey experiment of members of the public in the US and UK. Overall, and contrary to the theory of representative bureaucracy, results show that women found a male‐dominated police department more attractive. The explanation for the results of the study may lie in bureaucratic reputation as a boundary condition of symbolic representation.
Traceability and foreign corporate accountability in mineral supply chains
Authors: Schöneich Svenja , Saulich Christina , Müller Melanie
Published: May 2023

Industrialized economies in the EU depend heavily on imports of minerals. The extraction and parts of the transport and processing of these minerals take place in the Global South and often bear high human rights and environmental risks. A lack of traceability in mineral supply chains makes it particularly difficult to hold companies accountable for negative environmental and social impacts of their operations and those of their suppliers. This paper analyses three mineral supply chains (copper, platinum, and gold) in order to develop propositions about how supply chain‐specific characteristics affect traceability and foreign corporate accountability (FCA) in mineral supply chains. The analytical framework focuses on three dimensions: geopolitical dynamics, industry characteristics, and private governance mechanisms. The authors argue that chain‐specific characteristics may foster or thwart traceability and FCA in mineral supply chains and thus provides a novel contribution to the debate on traceability and accountability in mineral supply chains.
"Keeping a Safe Confession Distance between Strangers": The Spatial Structure of Social Accessibility in Networked Communities and Risk Avoidance of Stranger Confessions
Authors: Xu Tongwen , Lyu Yunhong
Published: May 2023

This study focuses on the spatial structure of stranger social accessibility in networked communities and risk avoidance when socializing with strangers. Using Confession Wall as an example, this study contends that community social media fosters new connections by compensating for accessibility issues between strangers in local communities through flexible mediation of online and offline social interactions. This connectivity minimizes the costs and risks of emotional interactions between strangers in semi-acquaintance communities. This compensation for social accessibility highlights the value of digital media, especially community social media as a geomedia, in energizing communities and facilitating interactions between strangers. This is crucial in understanding the emotional interactions between strangers and how they are mediated by community social media in settings where acquaintances and complete strangers intermingle.
Clepsydra
Authors: Goldberg Sylvie Anne
Published: May 2023

This book discusses how relation to time in general, and to the Jewish one in particular, has been envisioned by theologians and philosophers for their own purposes. Arguing that “time,” as a notion and perception, is a social construct made out of beliefs, scientific knowledge, and political experiment, and not a uniform phenomenon, the book shows that it is also a cultural, social, and time-bounded outcome. It states that “historical time” is a story told by theologians, historians, and philosophers (and now by astrophysicists). Starting from the Bible and late Antiquity until about modernity, this book follows an evolution of the arrow and axis of time in Jewish approaches, playing with a dual temporality, the discovery of the era, seized between beliefs, calculation and calendars, expectations of the coming of the Messiah, and historical contingencies. The first part deals with common knowledge about “Jewish time”; the second part seeks to understand the affiliation between the idea of time and the collective experience of it within a group. Yet this book is also a reflection on the way historians use and interpret their sources. It tends to relativize the way Jewish history was portrayed as having evolved outside the lines and influences of general history and instead focused more on memory than history.
Writing the Mind
Authors: Walser Hannah
Published: May 2023

Novels are often said to help us understand how others think—especially when those others are profoundly different from us. When interpreting a character's behavior, readers are believed to make use of "Theory of Mind," the general human capacity to attribute mental states to other people. In many well-known nineteenth-century American novels, however, characters behave in ways that are opaque to readers, other characters, and even themselves, undermining efforts to explain their actions in terms of mental states like beliefs and intentions.
Writing the Mind dives into these unintelligible moments to map the weaknesses of Theory of Mind and explore alternative frameworks for interpreting behavior. Through readings of authors such as Charles Brockden Brown, Herman Melville, Martin Delany, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Charles Chesnutt, and Mark Twain, Hannah Walser explains how experimental models of cognition lead to some of the strangest formal features of canonical American texts. These authors' attempts to found social life on something other than mental states not only invite us to revise our assumptions about the centrality of mind reading and empathy to the novel as a form; they can also help us understand more contemporary concepts in social cognition, including gaslighting and learned helplessness, with more conceptual rigor and historical depth.
Coda
Authors: Walser Hannah
Published: May 2023

RETURNING TO JAMES’S IDENTIFICATION of money as a “short-cut,” we find that the particular corners being cut are architectural. The “new rich” of New England, according to James, build houses that, for all their magnificence, “are only instalments, symbols, stop-gaps,” having “nothing to do with continuity, responsibility, transmission.”...
Provocation’s Ends
Authors: Mathes Carmen Faye
Published: May 2023

In light of the riotous atmospheres that attended this book’s composition, I include a Coda that explores the unevenness of the burden of being moved by external affective force in Romantic thought that, in retrospect, has troubled these chapters all along. Claudia Rankine’s “Weather” (2020), an occasional poem for The New York Times Book Review, inherits Romantic figures for revolutionary change at a time when the Romantic history shaped by perpetual crises feels powerfully resonant once more. Learning from Rankine’s poem, this final reflection returns to William Wordsworth and the limits of staging aesthetic disappointment while also embracing revolutionary progress that is capable of staying the course.
Ghosts of the Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Martel Stéphanie
Published: May 2023

This chapter undertakes a discursive history of the development of ASEAN’s approach to regional security from the creation of the organization in 1967 to the formal establishment of ASEAN’s security community in 2015. It reviews ASEAN’s institutional evolution with a focus on major initiatives that shaped regional security governance, showing how ASEAN’s self-identity as a security community in the making took shape incrementally through debate over key declarations and major initiatives, and how alternative paths of action were (often only temporarily) sidelined as a result of discursive power deployed by key actors. Despite being often presented as a teleology, a security community was actually framed retroactively as ASEAN’s raison d’être, instilling a sense of coherence, purpose, and natural progress into the organization’s self-narrative that smooths over difference but can never fully rid the institution of its ghosts.
To Hell and Back
Authors: Martel Stéphanie
Published: May 2023

This concluding chapter takes stock of ASEAN’s epic journey toward the realization of its security community. It contrasts different “versions” of the security community to highlight where they overlap, compete, and diverge, and the productive tension that results. It shows that each version conveys representations of danger and of what ought to be protected that are likely incompatible with the other versions. At the same time, participants in the making of ASEAN’s approach to security all partake in the retelling of a common story that helps sustain the security community–building process. This chapter discusses future prospects as well as possibilities for transformative change in regional security governance. It concludes that the security community is very much what social agents involved in its construction say it is, and that while it is likely that ASEAN never reaches its final destination, it is, in fact, the journey that counts.
Tiger, Tyrant, Bandit, Businessman
Authors: DeMare Brian
Published: May 2023

The rural county of Poyang, lying in northern Jiangxi Province, goes largely unmentioned in the annals of modern Chinese history. While previously overlooked, Poyang provides the setting for this groundbreaking study of the dawn of the People's Republic of China in the countryside. Drawing on exceedingly rare resources from the county's Public Security Bureau, Tiger, Tyrant, Bandit, Businessman explores the early years of China's rural revolution through four true-crime tales of counterrevolution in Poyang. Using a unique casefile approach, Brian DeMare recounts stories of a Confucian scholar who found himself allied with bandits and secret society members, a farmer who murdered a cadre, an evil tyrant who exploited religious traditions to avoid prosecution, and a merchant accused of a crime he did not commit.
Individually, each case is a tremendous tale, complete with memorable characters, plot twists, and drama. And while all concern the enemies of New China, each reveals insight into not just counterrevolution, but village life during this most pivotal moment of recent Chinese history. Balancing storytelling with historical context and attention to the limitations of the historical record, this book is at once a grassroots view of rural China's legal system and dealings with perceived counterrevolutionaries, and a lesson in archival research itself. Together, the narratives bring rural regime change to life, illustrating how the Chinese Communist Party cemented its authority through mass political campaigns, careful legal investigations, and sheer patience.
The Setting
Authors: DeMare Brian
Published: May 2023

This chapter provides an introduction to Poyang County, with an emphasis on its history, the problem of controlling a vast and populated rural society, and the rivalry between the Communist and Nationalist parties.