bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The problem-solving ability in terms of self-efficacy with Creative Problem-Solving Learning
Authors: Wulandari Meidila , Asikin Mohammad
Published: August 2024

This study aims to determine the quality of learning with the CPS model on PSA, the CPS learning model to achieve learning mastery and to describe PSA in terms of self-efficacy. The research method used in this study was a mixed or combination method. The population in this study were eighth-grade students of Junior High-School 1 Moga in the academic year of 2018/2019, and by using random sampling the class VIII H was chosen as the experimental class. The data collection methods used in this study were documentation, observation, tests, interviews, and self-efficacy scale. The results of this study indicate that (1) The quality of learning with the CPS model on studentsâ€™ PSA is very good; (2) Studentsâ€™ PSA in the CPS learning model achieve learning mastery; (3) Students with high problem-solving ability are able to achieve all indicators of problem-solving ability and self-efficacy perfectly, students with moderate problem-solving ability have not been able to achieve all indicators of problem-solving ability and self-efficacy perfectly, and students with low problem-solving ability has not been able to reach all indicators of problem-solving ability and self-efficacy.
Studentâ€™s creative thinking ability in problem-posing activities viewed from self-efficacy
Authors: Husna Insana Akmalul , Kurniasih Ary Woro
Published: August 2024

This study aims to determine the completeness of students' creative thinking abilities in knowing students' creative thinking processes in terms of self-efficacy, knowing students' responses to creative problem-solving learning with problem-posing activities, and knowing the obstacles experienced in learning. This research is a mixed-method with councurrent-embedded strategy. The sample of this study was one of class VIII in a Junior High School in Blora. The results showed that: (1) students' creative thinking skills with creative problem solving learning achieve mastery learning; (2) the description of the stages of students' creative thinking in terms of the level of self-efficacy that is on subjects who are in level of creative thinking ability 1 at the level of low and moderate self-efficacy is only able to pass the stage of synthesizing ideas and building ideas. Subjects at the level of creative thinking ability 2 at moderate and low levels of self-efficacy synthesize ideas and build ideas. Subjects at level of creative thinking ability 3 at moderate and high levels of self-efficacy are able to go through all stages of creative thinking, namely synthesizing ideas, building ideas, planning the application of ideas and applying ideas; (3) The use of creative problem solving learning models in which there are problem-posing activities get positive responses from students; (4) The obstacle experienced in this study is that this study when learning is used too much for group discussions.
Mathematical connection ability on Knisley Mathematics Learning Model with an open-ended approach based on self regulated learning
Authors: Oktafiana Krisna , Dewi Nuriana Rachmani
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this study was to explore the mathematical connection ability of 8th graders in the setting of the Knisley mathematics learning model with an open-ended approach. This type of research is mixed methods while the population is 8th graders in one JHS in Semarang, and the sample is a class selected by random cluster sampling.  For the qualitative study, six subjects were selected by purposive sampling technique. Data analysis was performed by analyzing quantitative data and analyzing qualitative data. The results showed that (1) The mathematical connection ability of 8th graders in the Knisley mathematics learning model with open-ended approach achieved classical completeness; (2) the average mathematical connection ability of 8th graders in the Knisley mathematics learning model with an open-ended approach is better than conventional learning model; (3) the proportion of 8th graders who completed the learning subject in the Knisley mathematics learning model with an open ended approach is more than the conventional learning model; and (4) several subjects were able to fulfill all indicators of mathematical connection ability while other subjects were able to master some indicators of mathematical connection ability.
Effects of chitin nano-flake fillers on the mechanical and barrier properties of polylactic acid biocomposite films
Authors: Kwon Soojin , Kim Sang Yun , Oh Kyudeok , Han Jung Soo
Published: August 2024

Polylactic acid (PLA) is a biodegradable polymer extensively used in packaging; however, its mechanical and barrier properties require enhancement for wider applications. Chitin-derived nanoflakes (CNFL), a two-dimensionally separated nanomaterial derived from α-chitin, possess high strength and toughness, making them ideal additives for improved PLA performance. This study investigated the effect of CNFL on the properties of PLA composite films. Incorporating CNFL significantly enhanced the mechanical properties of PLA, increasing its tensile strength and stiffness while preserving flexibility. This enhancement was attributed to the nucleating effect of CNFL, which increases crystallinity. Additionally, CNFL improved the thermal stability of the composite films by mitigating thermal deformation. Notably, the oxygen barrier properties of CNFL-filled PLA composites were also enhanced, demonstrating a significant reduction in oxygen permeability at optimal CNFL concentrations due to increased tortuosity of the oxygen diffusion path. Overall, CNFL-filled PLA composites exhibit great potential as renewable packaging materials, particularly for protecting sensitive products, such as food and pharmaceuticals, from oxidative degradation, thereby extending shelf life and maintaining quality. These findings suggest that CNFL-filled PLA composites are promising materials for advanced applications, offering a combination of enhanced mechanical performance, improved thermal stability, and superior oxygen barrier properties.
Feasibility and properties of flat-pressed three-layer bamboo-rubberwood particleboards for resource-efficient production
Authors: Comath Shibu , Anoop Elaveetil Vasu , Raju Vishnu , Lum Wei Chen , Muhammad Yusri Helmi , Lee Seng Hua , Hermawan Andi , Tamat Nur Sakinah Mohamed , Selamat Mohd Ezwan
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to develop new composites and evaluate the physico-mechanical properties and formaldehyde content of flat-pressed three-layer particleboard (FPTP) made of bamboo (as a face material) and rubberwood (as a core material) residue bonded with urea-formaldehyde adhesive. Different ratios of core and face material were adopted to investigate the effects of these ratios on the properties of the particleboards. The results indicate that increasing the proportion of rubberwood particles enhanced mechanical properties. All particleboards complied with the maximum permissible thickness swelling percentage (12%) specified in IS 3087 (2005) for Grade 2 category boards. While the moduli of rupture and elasticity values increased with higher rubberwood content, the particleboards did not satisfy the IS 3087 (2005) standard overall. However, the internal bonding strength of T4 (0.5 N/mm2) met the minimum requirement. Nail and screw withdrawal resistance of the particleboards indicated significantly higher resistance with increased rubberwood proportion. Only T4 particleboards met the minimum requirement stipulated by IS 3087 (2005) regarding screw withdrawal resistance for both Grade 1 and Grade 2 category boards. All boards met the criteria for the E2 classification (formaldehyde content ≤ 30 mg/100 g for oven-dried boards).
Effects of liquid organic fertilizer on growth and volatile components of Arugula under salinity
Authors: Çetinkol Leman , Turgut Aslıhan Cesur
Published: August 2024

The effects of liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) made from anaerobic digestion on some physiological factors and volatile components of arugula plants that were grown in salty conditions were investigated. The experiment was conducted in three different stages. In the first two stages, seeds were grown in petri dishes and pots for seven days. The third stage involved growing seedlings in pots for 60 days. Salinity inhibited the germination of 7-day arugula seedlings in petri dishes and their emergence in pots. In these stages, LOF pretreatment failed to eliminate stress-induced inhibition. Some physiological parameters were analyzed in 60-day seedlings in the third stage. Salt-induced inhibition showed significant negative effects on all parameters. In contrast to previous stages, LOF (1% and 5%) and NPK had positive effects in all groups at the third stage, eliminating salt stress in all parameters except water content. Contrary to expectations, volatile components showed no significant change but had fluctuating values due to salt stress or fertilizer treatments.
Leninas ir biblioteka
Authors: Raguotienė G.
Published: August 2024

Задачей статьи является ознакомление литовского читателя с вкладом В. И. Ленина, сделанным им в теорию и практику советского библиотековедения. В статье дан обзор статей, выступлений и писем В. И. Ленина, а также декретов по вопросам библиотековедения, подписанных Лениным. Для лучшего освещения данного вопроса привлечены воспоминания современников Владимира Ильича, а также материалы по этому вопросу, опубликованные в советской печати.В работах В. И. Ленина содержится развернутая программа организации на новых социалистических началах всего народного просвещения. Владимир Ильич подчеркивал огромную роль всех учреждений культуры, в том числе и библиотек, организующих внешкольное образование и содействующих подъему культурного уровня народа. В. И. Ленин указывал, что культурный рост народных масс зависит от развития и состояния библиотечного дела.В статье освещается принципиально новое и решающее положение В. И. Ленина о партийности библиотек. Этот принцип В. И. Лениным выдвинут в 1905 г. в статье «Партийная организация и партийная литература». После Великой Октябрьской социалистической революции В. И. Ленин неоднократно ставит этот вопрос в своих речах и указаниях.Большое значение в советском библиотековедении имеют работы В. И. Ленина о принципах организации библиотечного дела. Владимир Ильич выдвинул и обосновал такие принципиальные вопросы, как вопросы планомерной государственной организации сети библиотек, общедоступности библиотек, участия масс в библиотечном строительстве, комплектования и учета фондов, воспитания библиотечных кадров.В статье освещается вопрос о В. И. Ленине как читателе библиотек, дана краткая характеристика личной библиотеки Ленина в Кремле.Исторические документы XXII съезда КПСС пропитаны указаниями В. И. Ленина о развитии культуры в процессе строительства коммунистического общества.Руководствуясь указаниями В. И. Ленина и коммунистической партии, советские библиотекари, в том числе и работники литовских библиотек, достигли больших успехов. В статье кратко охарактеризованы успехи библиотечной работы в Советской стране и в нашей республике.XXII съезд КПСС выдвинул новые задачи библиотекам. Ленинские указания помогают библиотечным работникам в разрешении этих сложных задач.
Отражение произведении художественной литературы в «Летописи советской литуаники» (за 1951–1960 годы)
Authors: Лиров В. П.
Published: August 2024

Straipsnyje nagrinėjama grožinės literatūros bibliografinės registracijos reikšmė, uždaviniai ir objektas; šios registracijos pilnumas ir atrankos klausimai; bibliografinės charakteristikos problema ir sisteminimo klausimai.Bibliografinės registracijos reikšmė ir uždaviniai glaudžiai susiję su tuo vaidmeniu, kurį atlieka grožinė literatūra socialistinių tautų suartėjime bei nacionalinių kultūrų savitarpio turtinime. Atsižvelgiant į Komunistų partijos Programoje keliamus uždavinius šioje srityje, o taip pat į konkrečius lietuvių literatūros mokslo poreikius, ypač aktualus darosi grožinės literatūros, vienaip ar kitaip susijusios su Tarybų Lietuva, tačiau išleistos už jos ribų, sistemingo, kruopštaus ir kompleksinio bibliografavimo klausimai.Lituanikos metraštyje nuolatos registruojamos trys pagrindinės grožinės literatūros kūrinių grupės: a) lietuvių literatūros vertimai; b) originalūs Lietuvos TSR autorių kūriniai TSRS tautų kalbomis; c) kūriniai apie Lietuvą ir lietuvių tautą. Straipsnyje trumpai apibūdinama šių trijų grupių medžiaga, pabrėžiama, kad jų bibliografavimo praktika reikalauja žiūrėti į juos diferencijuotai.“Tarybinės lituanikos metraštyje” palyginti pilnutinai registruojami vertimai. Per dešimtmetį metraštyje užregistruota daugiau kaip 1000 publikacijų vertimų į 17 TSRS tautų kalbų ir apie 100 – į 9 užsienio socialistinių šalių kalbas. Pateiktos lentelės rodo, kaip kasmet gausėja vertimų į įvairias kalbas. Be vertimų publikacijų ypatybių ir apimties charakteristikos, straipsnyje patikslinamos jų chronologinės registracijos ribos, pažymimi kai kurie praleidimai. Atkreipiamas dėmesys į originalių Lietuvos TSR autorių kūrinių, taip pat kūrinių apie Lietuvą registracijos nenuoseklumą ir nepilnumą. Jeigu pirmosios ir antrosios grupės kūriniai turi būti registruojami pilniau, tai, registruojant trečiosios grupės kūrinius, reikia kiek galint kokybiškiau atrinkti ne tik pačius kūrinius, bet ir jų leidimus.Straipsnyje keliami kai kurie iki šiol ginčytini vertimų ne rusų kalba aprašo, o taip pat suvestinio aprašo naudojimo klausimai. Vertimų publikacijoms, išspausdintoms tiek periodikoje, tiek ir knygose arba rinkiniuose, atsižvelgiant į jų ypatingą vertę, siūloma taikyti daugiausia analizinį aprašą. Jeigu vertimų charakteristikai ypač svarbus aprašas, tai kūrinių apie Lietuvą charakteristikai – svarbiausia yra anotavimo klausimai. Pagrindinis anotacijų tikslas – lituanikos momento atskleidimas.Nušviečiant grožinės literatūros sisteminimo ypatybes, siūloma: įvesti metraštyje skyrių “Papildymai”, daugiau vartoti nuorodų; esant didesniam medžiagos kiekiui, reikėtų detalizuoti grožinės literatūros klasifikaciją pagal kūrinių pobūdį.Apskritai, grožinės literatūros registravimo metraštyje analizė rodo, kad, pirma, Tarybų Lietuvos įnašas į visasąjunginę tarybinę literatūrą vis didėja, antra, kad metraščio sudarymo metodus dar reikia tobulinti, turint galvoje bibliografinės informacijos gerinimo klausimus, atsižvelgiant į skaitytojų ir bibliotekų, besinaudojančių metraščiu, interesus.
Iš bibliotekų istorijos Tarybų Lietuvoje 1918–1919 m.
Authors: Stonienė V.
Published: August 2024

Коммунистическая партия Литвы и Советское правительство рассматривали библиотеки как центры политикопросветительной и культурной работы и уделяли им большое внимание.Вся работа по библиотечному строительству, руководимая библиотечным отделом Народного комиссариата просвещения, проводилась в следующих направлениях:1. Обеспечение сохраности библиотечных фондов,2. Организация сети библиотек,3. Обеспечение библиотек литературой,4. Забота о библиотечных кадрах.Советское правительство приняло решение об охране книжных фондов как государственной ценности и передаче их в ведение Народного комиссариата просвещения. Таким образом эти ценейшие сокровища культуры стали достоянием всего народа.Большая работа была проделана по реорганизации старых библиотек и созданию новых. За годы Советской власти в Литве была организована обширная сеть профсоюзных, детских библиотек, специальные технические библиотеки при отдельных Народных комиссариатах и т. д. Советскому правительству принадлежит заслуга создания Центральной библиотеки Литвы (на базе старейшей и крупнейшей библиотеки республики – Вильнюсской публичной библиотеки).В Советской Литве была организована Центральная экспедиция по распростанению литературы – орган централизованного комплектования библиотек. Большую помощь по обеспечению библиотек новейшей общественно-политической и др. литературой оказала Советская Россия.Библиотечные работники активно участвовали в устройстве библиотек и пропаганде книги. В связи с расширением сети библиотек была намечена и программа по подготовке новых библиотечных кадров, но нападение иностранных империалистов прервало все эти работы.
Seniausias lietuviškas rankraštinis tekstas
Authors: Lebedys J. , Palionis J.
Published: August 2024

Es wurde seitens der Forscher des litauischen Schrifttums angenommen, dass litauische Handschriften aus der Zeit noch vor dem Erscheinen des ersten litauischen gedruckten Buches (Katechismus von M. Mažvydas, 1547) vorliegen müssen. Doch erst im Jahre 1962 entdeckte O. Matusevičiūtė, die Mitarbeiterin der Handschriftenabteilung der Wissenschaftlichen Bibliothek an der Wilnjusser Staatlichen V. Kapsukas-Universität, litauisch aufgezeichnete Gebete (“Pater noster”, “Ave Maria” und “Credo”) auf der letzten Seite des Buches “Tractatus sacerdotalis” (Strassburg, 1503) /dieses Buch befindet sich in einem Sammelbande mit drei anderen geistlichen Büchern/.In diesem Beitrag wird der aufgefundene Text untersucht. Es werden die geschichtlichen Bedingungen beleuchtet, die die Entstehung der litauischen Handschriften geistlichen Inhalts vom 14. bis zur ersten Hälfte des 16. Jh. förderten. Weiterhin folgt eine Beschreibung des betreffenden Sammelbandes und des litauischen Textes mit einer Photokopie. Die Gebete werden mit entsprechenden polnischen handschriftlichen und gedruckten Texten des 15.–16. Jh. und auch mit gedruckten litauischen Texten des 16.–17. Jh. verglichen. Ausserdem wird eine Untersuchung der Schreibweise, der dialektalen Grundlage und der sprachlichen Eigentümlichkeiten gemacht.Die Untersuchung des Textes lässt folgende Schlüsse ziehen:1. Der litauische handschriftliche Gebettext im Buche “Tractatus sacerdotalis” wurde im ersten Viertel (keinesfalls in der Mitte oder in der zweiten Hälfte) des 16. Jh. aufgezeichnet.2. Der aufgezeichnete litauische Text ist die Abschrift einer ältern litauischen Übersetzung aus dem Polnischen.3. In der Sprache des Gebettextes überwiegen dzukische dialektale Eigentümlichkeiten (auch solche, die heute in den ostdzukischen Dialekten belegt sind).4. Der Gebettext weist einige archaische Sprachformen auf, die in den gedruckten Sprachdenkmälern des 16.–17. Jh. und in den modernen Dialekten selten vorkommen.Der neuentdeckte litauische Text bekräftigt die Hypothese, dass die bekannten ersten litauischen Autoren (A. Kulvietis, S. Rapolionis, M. Mažvydas, M. Daukša u. a.) sich auf eine ältere schriftliche Tradition stützten.
Mokslinės-techninės informacijos procesų mechanizavimo ir automatizavimo klausimai
Authors: Kancleris A.
Published: August 2024

Одной из причин, которая обусловливает необходимость механизации и автоматизации работы научно-технической информации, является мощный поток документальной информации – книг, периодических изданий, патентов и т. д. к концу ХХ века крупнейшие научные библиотеки Литвы будут иметь около 10–15 млн. изданий. На предприятиях и в организациях Республики объем документов научно-технической информации в среднем колеблется от 50 тысяч до 300 тысяч единиц. В таких масштабах интеллектуальный метод обработки и поиска информации становится нерентабельным и неэффективным.В статье описаны результаты некоторых экспериментальных и научно-исследовательских работ по механизации информационных работ, проведенных в Республиканском институте научно-технической информации и пропаганды. В результате экспериментов доказано, что алфавитный треугольный ход на базе четырех пар отверстий карт с краевой перфорацией, а так же тройной ключ (система 1+2+3+4+6+9+18), которые предложены БТИ Эстонского Совнархоза, практически негодны из-за большого поискового шума. Неудачным является макет перфокарты с краевой перфорацией, составленный ЦНИИПИ.В 1962 году в СССР впервые были проведены опыты по применению счетно-перфорационных машин для обработки и поиска научнотехнической информации в естественных условиях и создана Кузбасская система. Однако она является первым и еще недостаточно совершенным опытом. Основным ее недостатком является одноаспектный принцип построения. Информационная способность системы очень низка и почти равна хорошо организованному систематическому каталогу библиотек.Республиканский институт научно-технической информации и пропаганды в 1964–1965 гг. будет проводить научно-исследовательскую и экспериментальную работу по созданию механизированных дескрипторных информационно-поисковых систем адресов, промышленного оборудования и документов теории и практики научно-технической информации. Намечено провести исследования по применению телетайпов (абонентных телеграфов) для оперативной передачи текстовой и цифровой информации.
Mokyklų bibliotekų tinklas burzuazijos valdymo metais Lietuvoje
Authors: Raguotienė G.
Published: August 2024

В 1919 году, когда к власти пришла литовская буржуазия, она всеми силами стремилась укрепить свою диктатуру. Для этой цели она старалась использовать школы, народное просвещение, в том числе и школьные библиотеки.В статье характеризуется положение школьных и других детских библиотек в годы буржуазного господства; показывается, что создание в Литве сети школьных и других детских библиотек – результат борьбы трудящихся и прогрессивных учителей под руководством Коммунистической партии Литвы. Буржуазия была вынуждена идти на уступки, исходя также и из своих классовых интересов.Но буржуазная власть выделяла очень мало средств на нужды школьных библиотек. По существу, она не заботилась о просвещении народных масс. Из государственного бюджета для начальных школ выделялась очень маленькая сумма, поэтому не все начальные школы имели свои библиотеки. Однако и действующие библиотеки имели незначительные фонды. Таким образом, сеть школьных библиотек была не упорядочена и вопрос обслуживания детей книгой не был решен.В статье затронуты вопросы деятельности библиотечек школьных организаций и кружков, показывается значение прогрессивных школьных библиотечек. В статье освещается работа библиотек комсомольских и пионерских организаций.Кроме школьных библиотек, в то время действовало 14 публичных детских библиотек в городах; малочисленные публичные библиотеки для взрослых тоже обслуживали детей, но, во-первых, их было мало, а во-вторых, они были только в городах и могли обслужить только небольшую часть читателей-детей.Вопросы, поднятые в статье, дают возможность ознакомиться с некоторыми важными проблемами истории библиотек в Литве.
Lenininis bibliotekinės statybos planas ir jo vykdymo Tarybų Lietuvoje pagrindiniai bruožai (Didžiosios Spalio socialistinės revoliucijos 50-metį sutinkant)
Authors: Sinkevičius K.
Published: August 2024

Великая Октябрьская социалистическая революция, явившаяся поворотным пунктом в истории человечества, коренным образом меняла общественные функции книги и библиотеки. Задачи осуществления культурной революции требовали создать принципиально новой системы общественного пользования книжными ресурсами страны.Делу библиотечного строительства большое внимание уделял В. Ленин. В статьях, речах, письмах и других документах В. Ленина по библиотечному делу, которых насчитывается более 270, содержится развернутая программа библиотечного строительства в стране.За годы советской власти в Литве достигнуты большие результаты в деле библиотечного строительства. Сеть государственных массовых библиотек выросла с 161 библиотеки в 1940 году до 1741 библиотеки в 1965 году, их книжные фонды увеличились более чем 60 раз и достигли 16,6 млн. томов. Количество читателей государственных массовых библиотек выросло с 14000 в 1939 году (что составлялo 0,5% населения) до 1040100 в 1962 году (37% населения республики). За короткий срок созданы сети профсоюзных, детских, технических и др. библиотек, образовалась система подготовки кадров и методического руководства библиотеками. По данным переписи 1965 года, в республике насчитывалось более 7000 библиотек всех типов и ведомств с общим книжным фондом в 40 млн. томов.Современный этап развития советского общества ставит сложные задачи делу библиотечного строительства в стране. Выполняя их, необходимо особое внимание уделить изучению ленинских заветов по библиотечному делу. Усилия библиотекарей оптимально превратить в жизнь ленинский план библиотечного строительства – достойный их подарок к 50-летию Великой Октябрьской социалистической революции.
Важнейшие библиографии второй степени по естествознанию, технике и сельскому хозяйству
Authors: Лиров В.П.
Published: August 2024

Per pastarąjį dešimtmetį buvo išleista visa eilė antrojo laipsnio bibliografinių darbų, kuriuose užregistruoti bibliografiniai leidiniai pagrindiniais gamtos mokslų, technikos ir žemės ūkio klausimais. Kapitaliniai A. Lukomskajos, D. Lebedevo, V. Levino, N. Lavrovos, L. Zilberminc, N. Michejevo, I. Kirpičevos ir kt. darbai – vertingas įnašas į tarybinę bibliografiją. Sukurta taip pat patikima einamosios antrojo laipsnio bibliografijos sistema.Straipsnyje nušviestos bendrosios ir šakinių antrojo laipsnio bibliografijų paskirtis ir ypatybės; jame pateikta trumpa gamtos mokslų, technikos bei žemės ūkio pagrindinių antrojo laipsnio bibliografinių leidinių apžvalga bei parodyta, kaip šios srities šakinė bibliografija atsispindi bendruosiuose bibliografijos šaltiniuose. Straipsnyje išryškintos trys svarbiausios antrojo laipsnio bibliografijos funkcijos: 1) pagalba specialistams ir bibliografams, ieškant jau parengtos bibliografinės medžiagos; 2) bibliografinių žinių ir duomenų apie esamus bibliografinius leidinius propagavimas platiesiems skaitytojų sluoksniams; 3) vienos ar kitos mokslo šakos bibliografinių darbų vieningos ir darnios sistemos sudarymas. Atitinkamai formuojasi ir trys pagrindinės antrojo laipsnio bibliografijos rūšys: rodyklės, vadovai, apibendrinančio pobūdžio apžvalgos. Straipsnyje pabrėžiama reguliariosios informacijos apie neišspausdintą bibliografinę medžiagą reikšmė, taip pat keliamas lietuvių bendrosios bibliografijos bibliografijos parengimo klausimas.
Bibliotekinės statistikos tobulinimo klausimai
Authors: Samėnas Alvydas
Published: August 2024

Increasing attention to the questions of library statistics in our country and abroad can be explained by the reason that in the time of great scientific and technical achievements librarianship is uncapable to solve its problems by means of the old methods only.This article deals with some questions which were not definitely solved by the Soviet library statistics. First of all, it mentions that the statistic collections of All-Union character, and those published in the Lithuanian S.S.R. as well, offer insufficient information for statistic analysis of library work. Scientific libraries are given especially little space here. To improve this state of affairs it is necessary to publish more statistic collections with a confined volume of the subjects and cite statistic data about the libraries of all types. For those purposes special periodicals can also be used more widely.In spite of the fact that library methodic centres joined in the right practical usage of the requirements of library statistics, up to this time the units of the stock calculation are not sufficiently clear to the library workers. To guarantee precision of the statistics the author recommends the preparation of directions clearly indicating a nomenclature of the documentation collected by the libraries of all types, and units of calculation.The present state of the terminology of library statistics is not satisfactory either. Statistics need exact determinations of the notions: “reader”. “periodical”, “booklet”, etc.The chief problems of library statistics are to classify the types of libraries and establish the proper system of indices of library work. There are few works in special literature devoted to the study of typological characteristics of every type of library, tendencies of its development, though on the ground of the researches of this kind only, it is possible to create the scientific classification of the types of libraries. For the aims of library statistics all types of the libraries of our country must be devided into two large groups: 1. scientific and special libraries, 2. public libraries or libraries of general education. This group in its turn can be subdivided. This division creates conditions for each group of libraries to search for more exact and efficient indices of its work. The application of the books delivery index is used in the article as an instance to illustrate this statement.The corresponding problems of the international library statistics are also analysed in this article.
Vaikų užklasinio skaitymo padėties ir turinio bruožai 1919–1940 metų laikotarpiu
Authors: Raguotienė Genovaitė
Published: August 2024

The article treats of the problem of pupils’ out-of-curriculum reading in Lithuanian schools under the rule of bourgeois governement. It deals with the content and the main tendencies of that reading. The analysis of the questions concerned is based upon the data taken from the press of those times and archives. The author of the article shows the ideological and political struggle which took place in Lithuanian society of that time when discussing the aforesaid problem. The progressive-minded teachers, librarians and other intellectuals did much for the improvement of pupils’ reading mater. Fighting against the reactionary course of the ruling class they solved many questions of that reading. Working under difficult and complicated circumstances they cultivated childrens’ interest for books, took care of, and struggled for, democratic character of pupils’ reading. The author points out the democratic traditions of Lithuanian teachers and librarians when treating the problem of pupils’ out-of-curriculum reading.
Caro valdininkų požiūris į lietuviškosios spaudos draudimą
Authors: Vėbra Rimantas
Published: August 2024

The policy of ruling circles of the Russian empire in Lithuania has not yet been thoroughly studied in the Lithuanian historiography. Attention has been concentrated on the activity of extreme reactionaries supporting violence.The article, based on the new archival documents and little known printed sources, deals with the attitude of more liberal officials to the interdict of the Lithuanian written language, which was the main issue in the Lithuanian national movement in the second half of the 19th century.On the basis of facts periods of reaction and liberalism have been singled out at the end of the article.An analysis of the activity of the liberal officials gives us fuller idea of the historical conditions in which the Lithuanian nation was being formed.
Bibliografijos teorijos mintis Lietuvoje (iki 1940 m.)
Authors: Žukas Vladas
Published: August 2024

The development of the theory of bibliography was favoured by the appearance of the important study „Lietuvių bibliografija“ (Lithuanian Bibliography) by V. Biržiška and the course of lectures on bibliography delivered at the University of Kaunas (later transferred to Vilnius).Some observations on bibliography may be found in the prefaces to and reviews of bibliographical publications (V. Biržiška, B. Sruoga, J. Tumas), articles on the history of bibliography (V. Biržiška, I. Kisinas), and the manuscripts of the lectures on bibliography.V. Biržiška had pointed out the following aims of bibliography: to record the facts of printing, to summarize the data of its history and to investigate the relationship between printing and society. B. Sruoga understood these aims in a somewhat broader sense – he emphasized the necessity of studying cultural development and its heritage. J. Tumas and V. Biržiška wrote about two stages of bibliographical research – mere registration and deeper investigation, or historiosophy as J. Tumas put it. Full credit should be given to V. Biržiška for his attempts to define bibliology and to determine its object. He treated bibliology as the science of books and manuscripts in the broadest sense of the word (history, technology of production, artistic design, economical problems of production, etc.). He considered bibliography as a branch of bibliology. B. Sruoga and V. Biržiška were interested in the relationship between the history of literature and bibliography and pointed out the areas of their research. Bibliography, they said, should help the science of literature in presenting the authors fully thus not only serving as a source to the science of literature but also as its supplement. They both appreciated the significance of bibliography in the history of culture. V. Biržiška wrote that concise bibliographical data of the spread of various publications characterize the cultural level of a society or its particular layers, and according to B. Sruoga show the development of national culture and is „the mirror of the cultural maturity of a nation“. B. Sruoga also pointed to the significance of bibliography in the study of the problems of cultural interference. In his articles and manuscripts of lectures V. Biržiška discussed the types of bibliography and the principles of its division as well as the methodological principles of practical work.
Kaimo jaunimas ir poezija
Authors: Kastanauskaitė Laima
Published: August 2024

The present article gives a review of the research done in 1968 with the view of ascertaining the popularity of poetry among the village youth (aged 16 to 28) and the way it appreciates and understands this literary genre. The data were obtained on the basis of enquiries, interviews with the readers, analysis of library documentation and stock of books on poetry. It enabled to determine the interrelation between reading poetry and education, age, occupation, sex and family status of the youth. The enquired fall into three groups as far as poetry is concerned: 1) steady readers; 2) reading passively and ocassionally; 3) not interested in poetry. The main reasons for the lack of interest in poetry (indifference, absence of interest, ignorance, shortage of time) as well as the opinion both positive and negative of the youth on modern poetry are pointed out. The article lists the most popular Lithuanian poets, Russian poets, poets of the other nationalities of the U.S.S.R. and foreign poets. In most cases only classic poets and in Lithuanian literature – best modern poets are listed. The main criterion is folk character, simplicity, profound ideas.It is stressed that among other factors stimulating interest in poetry very important is the improvement of stocking rural libraries with collections of poetry.
Valdymo sferos informacijos vartotojų reikmių tyrimo metodikos klausimai
Authors: Dambrauskaitė Aldona , Kancleris Algirdas , Vladimirovas Levas
Published: August 2024

In the article specifial features of one of the characteristic collective information consumers in sphere of management Ministry of Higher and Special Secondary Education of Lithuanian SSR – are described. An indirect method of research of information needs of the Ministry is used. Methods of analysis of documents about functional distribution and choice of solution are prepared. Information needs of 11 subsystems of first and second levels of the Ministry, consisting of 80 generalized and 248 detalized topics are determined. Intensity of individual information needs and their distribution in time are determined on the base of analysis of the most important solutions. The received data enable to expleyt experimentally the information system of the Ministry of Higher and Special Secondary Education of Lithuanian SSR.
Lietuvių ikitarybinės bibliografijos išliekamoji vertė
Authors: Žukas Vladas
Published: August 2024

Bibliographical works of the past should be judged by three criteria: historical, theoretical and informational.The bibliographies must be evaluated from the historical point of view – their cultural and informative aspects should be estimated taking into account their historical conditions. For instance, some short lists and reviews of Lithuanian books of the 19th century (by K. Nezabitauskas, P. Köppen, L. Ivinskis) were important because they presented the first information about Lithuanian publications. They were significant historiographically as being the first reviews of Lithuanian literature. Some works of bibliography, which are no more rated bibliographically, nevertheless preserve their scholarly value, since they contain information about printing history and statistical data taken from archival documents lost by now.Theoretical significance should be attached to old bibliographies because they help to solve such problems as the formation of bibliography systems, the determination of the subject of national bibliographies, the functions of the bibliography, etc. For instance, the model of national Lithuanian bibliography was constructed early in the 19th century, later it was made more recise and was taken as the basis for the national bibliography which is now in preparation.The article also deals with the questions of bibliographical sources getting dated and the relationship between old and modern bibliographies. Lasting informational value is to be determined by the fullness of the index, the amount of the literature entered in the source (in a national bibliography), the significance and the scope of the subject (in a special bibliography), methods of presentation, displaying chronological, thematic and other aspects of literature.
Mokslinio straipsnio atsiradimas ir vystymasis XVII–XVIII amž.
Authors: Samėnas Alvydas
Published: August 2024

To fix the results of the research activities in the XVII–XVIII centuries there were broadly used small, amorphous and ephemerical publications. On the basis of analysis could be drawn, that the scientific paper of the modern type has received its contemperary shape in the first half of the XVIII century in the proceedings of the scientific societies and at the end of the XVIII century in the substantive scientific journals. This conclusion may be important not only in handling problems of the history of scientific communications but also in defining the model of a self-organizing system of the development of science.
Lietuvos TSR bibliotekų istorijos 1940–1941 metais tyrinėjimų klausimu
Authors: Sinkevičius Klemensas
Published: August 2024

In the summer of 1940, in Lithuania, the socialist revolution was wrought and Soviet power was restored. In the short span of time, up to June 22, 1941, when peaceful labour was interrupted by the agression of Hitlerite Germany, the party and state authorities of the Republic accomplished much in the field of reorganization of librarianship, extension of the library network, replenishment of library stocks, etc.Problems concerned with library development in Soviet Lithuania in 1940–1941 have found reflection in general works on the history of the Republic. There are also some articles dealing with the history of libraries. Nevertheless, the history of libraries in this important period, marked by many outstanding events, has not yet become the subject of a monographic study. The archival materials and other documents of this period have not beeb examined profoundly enough.The study of the history, of libraries of the Lithuanian SSR is not merely of local OT regional character. The history of the libraries of the Republic represents an integral part of the general survey of the history of libraries of the USSR in the last pre-war years.
Senojo Vilniaus Universiteto archyviniai šaltiniai
Authors: Petrauskienė Irena
Published: August 2024

Profound and manysided research of the past is possible studying primary sources only. Manuscript material saved in the Soviet Union as well as in other various countries presents such sources of Vilnius University history. The purpose of the article is to group this material in subjects, to characterize it, keeping to the principles of chronology and to point its location. The author touchs on subjects of the reclamation of these sources, surveys catalogues and reviews publications. In conclusion the author characterizes the most important research works refering to archival material about Vilnius University.
Gyvenimo ir bibliografijos keliais ir klystkeliais
Authors: Vladimirovas Levas
Published: August 2024

In the paper “True and mistaken pathes of life and bibliography” a characteristic is given of the activities of A. Ružancov, one of the eminent bibliographers of Lithuania of the bourgeois period. He was one of the founders of the Lithuanian library society and he organized the first statistical survey of libraries which has disclosed that the Lithuanian libraries were considerably lagging behind the most of European countries.Significant was also his contribution to the organization of bibliographic control of the Lithuanian book production and his systematic information in the press about the achievements of librarianship abroad.His life-long professional consistency stands in drastic contradiction to his political inconsistency which he disclosed for the first time during the civil war and several times afterwards.After the Soviet rule was re-established in Lithuania he tried to follow the new progressive course. he participated actively in introducing into the library practice the Soviet bibliographic classification and the new methods of work.But during the German occupation he again deserted to the bourgeois nationalist camp and in 1944 decided to leave his homeland. Living in West Germany he organized there a bibliographic service and began to publish a bibliographic index of the new Lithuanian bourgeois literature “The bookshelf”. But the lack of interest to this enterprise among the bourgeois emigrants made the publishing of this index a rather difficult affair.The last years of his life he lived in the USA, in the American atmosphere which was quite strange to him, and in very poor conditions of life. The ailing old man bad to work in a food store as ordinary worker. He died in 1966 far from his homeland and from all the great deeds which are being achieved here in various fields of the cultural life, bibliography, librarianship.
Mažosios Lietuvos spaudos veikėjas Martynas Jankus (ikispaustuvinio laikotarpio veiklos bruožai)
Authors: Kaunas Domas
Published: August 2024

Der bekannte in klein-litauischen Pressewesen wirkende Martynas Jankus (1859–1946) begann seine Tätigkeit als Herausgeber im Jahre 1882. Er schrieb und gab auf eigene Kosten einige Büchlein fortbildenden Inhalts, den litauisch Aušra—Kalender für die Jahre 1884 und 1885, die Zeitschrift „Garsas” (1886–1887) heraus. Durch seine Zusammenarbeit mit den Tätigen der „Aušra” schloss M. Jankus sich der litauischen nationalen Bewegung an und wurde dadurch einer der ersten Initiatoren für die kulturelle und gesellschaftliche Vereinigung der beiden Teile der Nation, die in verschiedenen Staaten lebten.
Duomenys Kušeliausko biografijai
Authors: Rabačiauskaitė Aurelija
Published: August 2024

Serafimas Kušeliauskas ist einer der bekannter Erklärer des 19. Jahrhunderts im Litauen. Während des Druckverbots war er bei der Bereitung, Verausgabung und Verbreitung der Bücher tätig. Aber in seiner Biographie gibt es noch viele Lücken. In diesem Artikel wird es ein neues Material aufgeführt, das im Archiv der Stadt Petrozawodsk gefunden ist. Daraus wird es klar, das S. Kušeliauskas im Jahre 1841 im Magistrat dieser Stadt arbeitete als Chef einer Abteilung. S. Kušeliauskas wird charakterisiert als ein begabter Beamte.
К вопросу изучения зарубежного читателя Литовской Советской печати
Authors: Старкунайте-Юркувенене Ванда
Published: August 2024

The Soviet Union keeps cultural relations with many foreign countries. A form of these relations is the propagation of the Soviet press abroad. The Lithuanian press as an integral part of the Soviet press circulates abroad and has its readers.It is possible to classify foreign readers of the Soviet Lithuanian press into two main groups. The 1st group consists of the readers who do not know the Lithuanian language and who can read the Lithuanian press either in Russian or in one of the foreign languages. They fall into two subgroups according to their interests: the first subgroup consists of the readers who want to learn about the country and they read the publications prepared by the “Gintaras” Editorial Board of the Publishing House “Mintis”. The second subgroup consists of the readers who have different professional interests: they read scholarly publications either in Russian or those publications which have summaries in foreign languages.The 2nd group consists of the readers who know the Lithuanian language and can read in Lithuanian. They are mainly Lithuanian emigrants or people of Lithuanian descent. As the data of the questionnaire which was given to 169 Lithuanians abroad shows they also fall into two subgroups: the first subgroup is made up by the people who read Lithuanian literature, bulletins, and other publications out of nostalgia or other subjective motives; the second subgroup consists of those who read learned publications out of their professional interests. Many foreigners who have learned the Lithuanian language also belong to this subgroup.The data of the questionnaire will make other socio-demographical investigations of the foreign readers of the Soviet Lithuanian press more effective.
Vilniaus gubernijos atmintinės knygelės kaip informacijos šaltinis
Authors: Briliūtė Salvinija , Matulaitytė Stasė
Published: August 2024

In 1835 in Vilnius was established a statistical committee the function of which was to collect and systematize statistic data about the province of Vilnius, its inhabitants, productive forces etc. In order to acquaint the society with these data it was decided to publish annually Information directories. This “Памятная книжка Виленской губернии” (1845–1915) has been an important source of information on historic, factual, statistic data of the city of Vilnius and its province. The structure of the book has changed in the course of time. The publication consisted of one or two books and several chapters in which the were presented lists of employees in various institutions of the province, a calendar, adresses, various information, statistical and some other matter, literary and historical articles on the Lithuanian history, etnography, archeology, historical and architectural monuments. education, medical service, etc.The article reveals the circumstances under which the publication emerged, its internal life. changes in its structure and contents depended on many circumstances even on the editors of the book and the collaborators of the editing committee. In the article there is presented the estimation of the published material is interesting to a contemporary reader and scientist.
Общенаучные средства и формы познания в библиографоведении
Authors: Янонис Освальдас
Published: August 2024

In the present article the methodological meaning of universal ways and means of cognition to the analysis of bibliographical objects has been dealt with. It has been concluded that the ways and means are instrumental to optimum knowledge of bibliographical objects. The methodological meaning of the universal concept “system” in the definition of the term “system of bibliographical means” has been analysed in detail. The system of bibliographical means has been treated as a functioning component of a more complex system.
Некоторые закономерности цитируемости математической литературы
Authors: Мальцене Лилиана
Published: August 2024

Data on distribution of bibliographic references contained in the publication on mathematics are given: as distributed by type, language and year of publication of the paper cited. The data on self-citations were also investigated, and the self-citation rate as compared with the total of references in the given article has been found and defined.