bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Technische Orthopädie – Chronische Wunden im Bereich der diabetischen Füsse
Authors: Schöni Madlaina , Waibel Felix
Published: April 2023

Zusammenfassung: Chronische Wunden im Bereich der Füsse sind ein sehr häufiges und zunehmendes Problem. Dieses Review fokussiert sich auf die Behandlung und Prophylaxe von diabetischen Fussulzera aus Sicht der Technischen Orthopädie. Diabetische Fussulzera haben insbesondere wegen des Risikos für Infektionen und daraus folgenden Amputationen für die Betroffenen eine grosse Bedeutung. Durch eine gute Prophylaxe sowie konsequente Behandlung können diese Komplikationen häufig vermieden werden.
Traum- und Wachvisionen am Lebensende
Authors: Seiler Annina , Pelz Stefan , Wolfensberger Fanny , Hertler Caroline , Schettle Markus , Schlögl Mathias , Peng-Keller Simon , Blum David
Published: April 2023

Zusammenfassung: Traum- und Wachvisionen am Lebensende (TWVL) sind Transzendenzerfahrungen, die als visuelle, akustische oder sensorische Qualität wahrgenommen werden und häufig die Erscheinung von Angehörigen oder Freunden ebenso wie Wahrnehmungen von schönen Orten, Reisen, Lichterscheinungen oder Klängen beinhalten können. Diese Phänomene treten typischerweise Wochen bis Stunden vor dem Tod auf und werden überwiegend als tröstlich beschrieben. Obwohl Traum- und Wachvisionen am Lebensende häufig vorkommen – ca. 30–80% der Sterbenden berichten von visionärem Erleben am Lebensende – wird diesem Phänomen in der Medizin kaum Bedeutung zugeschrieben und häufig als pathologische Veränderung im Rahmen eines Delirs behandelt. Dieser Artikel versucht anhand der Literatur sowie klinischer Beobachtungen die Abgrenzung zwischen Delir, Traum und TWVL zu illustrieren und die therapeutische Relevanz dieser Phänomene in der Begleitung von sterbenden Menschen und ihren Angehörigen aufzuzeigen.
Nutzen altersmedizinischer Abklärungen vor Operationen, Interventionen und onkologischen Therapien
Authors: Gagesch Michael , Rösler Wiebke , Bauernschmitt Robert , Wilhelm Markus J. , Freystätter Gregor
Published: April 2023

Zusammenfassung: Ältere und hochbetagte Patient_innen haben ein erhöhtes Risiko für Komplikationen und nachteilige Behandlungsverläufe bei Operationen, Interventionen und onkologischen Therapien. Gleichzeitig sollte diese Gruppe nicht anhand des chronologischen Alters von potenziell nutzenbringenden medizinischen Verfahren per se ausgeschlossen werden. Geriatrische Syndrome und erhöhte Vulnerabilität durch eine altersmedizinische Abklärung rechtzeitig zu identifizieren wird zunehmend wichtiger und wird in den Richtlinien der Fachgesellschaften mehrerer Spezialdisziplinen bereits heute empfohlen. Nach einer geriatrischen Abklärung sollte jedoch idealerweise ein proaktives Co-Management im Sinn einer integrierten Versorgung erfolgen. Die Etablierung von interdisziplinären Behandlungspfaden für ältere Spitalpatient_innen kann dazu beitragen, Behandlungsergebnisse signifikant zu verbessern. Dieser Ansatz kann neben verbesserten patientenbezogenen Ergebnissen und ansteigenden Qualitätsindikatoren auch positive gesundheitsökonomische Effekte bieten.
Applied Psychology Researchers’ Reflections on Conducting Indigenous People’s Psychological Studies in the Philippines
Authors: Terol Eden Hulipas , Tiangco Cristabel Fagela , Echivarre Rosanne-Galvez , Engay Bryan Quiñones
Published: April 2023

Abstract: Situated against the backdrop of the Clark Special Economic Zone is the Clarkfield Aytas (also spelled as Aeta) who inspired the researchers at the Applied Psychology Program of the University of the Philippines in Pampanga to engage in Indigenous Peoples (IP) research. The condition of the Clarkfield Aytas somewhat parallels the experiences of the world’s IP whose diminishing domain forces them to adapt to a way of life that is different from theirs and assume identities that had never been created before in their culture. Studying the Aytas’ life conditions and other psychological variables detached from the bigger context of being a part of the ecosystem in which they exist in interdependence and the nation-state’s sociohistorical reality only partially describes their condition. Similarly, not responding to their need for greater community participation and empowerment may deem our psychology irrelevant and useless in advancing social justice and inclusive progress. How can psychology contribute to IP studies? Multidisciplinary research approaches in critical theories, the Sikolohiyang Pilipino, and community psychology may be utilized to come up with useful methodologies. Challenges remain for researchers in doing research with the Filipino Indigenous communities: to examine their own paradigms/worldviews and pedagogical orientation and seek to answer the question as to whether their psychology truly helps uplift the living conditions of a special population of Filipinos, the Indigenous People.
Examining the Understanding and Practices of Self-Care Among Philippine Helping Professionals
Authors: Barrozo Deborah , Girguis Samuel M. , Blair Robin D. , Chang Jenss
Published: April 2023

Abstract: Although the concept of self-care for helping professionals has a growing body of psychological literature in the United States, this is not the case in other countries, such as the Philippines. As the research on self-care for helping professionals has continued to develop, it is becoming evident that further exploration is needed in relation to different predictor variables, populations, and professions. Inherent to the ideals and values of the mental health profession is the focus on the needs of the client, possibly at the cost of the professional. The potential outcome may be a helping professional who is numb to their day-to-day life stressors who may experience burnout at a much faster rate in comparison to other professions. The research on burnout has emphasized the importance of self-care but yet to examine how self-care should be implemented within the Philippine culture. In the Philippines, a typical helping professional’s caseload may be more than three times the average in developed countries, such as the United States. The purpose of this study is to highlight the importance of self-care, provide a framework of self-care components important to Filipino/a helping professionals, and explore how they address burnout and vicarious trauma in relation to their self-care practices. Using qualitative interviews of Filipino/a helping professionals and Conventional Content Analysis, 12 self-care themes emerged from their responses.
New GNSS and Geological Data From the Indo‐Burman Subduction Zone Indicate Active Convergence on Both a Locked Megathrust and the Kabaw Fault
Authors: Oryan Bar , Betka Paul M. , Steckler Michael S. , Nooner Scott L. , Lindsey Eric O. , Mondal Dhiman , Mathews Austin M. , Akhter Syed Humayun , Singha Sanju , Than Oo
Published: April 2023

The Indo‐Burma subduction zone is a highly oblique subduction system where the Indian plate is converging with the Eurasian plate. How strain is partitioned between the Indo‐Burma interface and upper plate Kabaw Fault, and whether the megathrust is a locked and active zone of convergence that can generate great earthquakes are ongoing debates. Here, we use data from a total of 68 Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) stations, including newly installed stations across the Kabaw Fault and compute an updated horizontal and vertical GNSS velocity field. We correct vertical rates for fluctuating seasonal signals by accounting for the elastic response of monsoon water on the crust. We model the geodetic data by inverting for 11,000 planar and non‐planar megathrust fault geometries and two geologically viable structural interpretations of the Kabaw Fault that we construct from field geological data, considering a basin‐scale wedge‐fault and a crustal‐scale reverse fault. We demonstrate that the Indo‐Burma megathrust is locked, converging at a rate of mm/yr, and capable of hosting >8.2 Mw megathrust events. We also show that the Kabaw Fault is locked and accommodating strike‐slip motion at a rate of mm/yr and converging at a rate of mm/yr. Our interpretation of the geological, geophysical, and geodetic datasets indicates the Kabaw Fault is a crustal‐scale structure that actively absorbs a portion of the convergence previously ascribed to the Indo‐Burma megathrust. This reveals a previously unrecognized seismic hazard associated with the Kabaw Fault and slightly reduces the estimated hazard posed by megathrust earthquakes in the region.
On Tsunami Waves Induced by Atmospheric Pressure Shock Waves After the 2022 Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai Volcano Eruption
Authors: Ren Zhiyuan , Higuera Pablo , Li‐Fan Liu Philip
Published: April 2023

Employing a linear shallow water equation (LSWE) model in the spherical coordinates, this paper investigates the tsunami waves generated by the atmospheric pressure shock waves due to the explosion of the submarine volcano Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai on 15 January 2022. Using the selected 59 atmospheric pressure records in the Pacific Ocean, an empirical atmospheric pressure model is first constructed. Applying the atmospheric pressure model and realistic bathymetric data in the LSWE model, tsunami generation and propagation are simulated in the Pacific Ocean. The numerical results show clearly the co‐existence of the leading locked waves, propagating with the speed of the atmospheric pressure waves (∼1,100 km/hr), and the trailing free waves, propagating with long gravity ocean wave celerity (∼750 km/hr). During the event, tsunamis were reported by 41 Deep‐ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis (DART) buoys in the Pacific Ocean, which require corrections because of the occurrence of atmospheric pressure waves. The numerically simulated tsunami arrival time and the amplitudes of the wave crest and trough of the leading locked waves compare reasonably well with the corrected DART measurements. The comparisons for the trailing waves are less satisfactory, since free waves could also have been generated by other tsunami generation mechanisms, which have not been considered in the present model, and by the scattering of locked waves over changing bathymetry. In this regard, the numerical results show clearly that the deep Tonga trench (∼10 km) amplifies the trailing waves in the Southeast part of the Pacific Ocean via the Proudman resonance condition.
ETV7 reduces inflammatory responses in breast cancer cells by repressing the TNFR1/NF-κB axis
Authors: Meškytė Erna Marija , Pezzè Laura , Bartolomei Laura , Forcato Mattia , Bocci Irene Adelaide , Bertalot Giovanni , Barbareschi Mattia , Oliveira-Ferrer Leticia , Bisio Alessandra , Bicciato Silvio , Baltriukienė Daiva , Ciribilli Yari
Published: April 2023

The transcription factor ETV7 is an oncoprotein that is up-regulated in all breast cancer (BC) types. We have recently demonstrated that ETV7 promoted breast cancer progression by increasing cancer cell proliferation and stemness and was also involved in the development of chemo- and radio-resistance. However, the roles of ETV7 in breast cancer inflammation have yet to be studied. Gene ontology analysis previously performed on BC cells stably over-expressing ETV7 demonstrated that ETV7 was involved in the suppression of innate immune and inflammatory responses. To better decipher the involvement of ETV7 in these signaling pathways, in this study, we identified TNFRSF1A, encoding for the main receptor of TNF-α, TNFR1, as one of the genes down-regulated by ETV7. We demonstrated that ETV7 directly binds to the intron I of this gene, and we showed that the ETV7-mediated down-regulation of TNFRSF1A reduced the activation of NF-κB signaling. Furthermore, in this study, we unveiled a potential crosstalk between ETV7 and STAT3, another master regulator of inflammation. While it is known that STAT3 directly up-regulates the expression of TNFRSF1A, here we demonstrated that ETV7 reduces the ability of STAT3 to bind to the TNFRSF1A gene via a competitive mechanism, recruiting repressive chromatin remodelers, which results in the repression of its transcription. The inverse correlation between ETV7 and TNFRSF1A was confirmed also in different cohorts of BC patients. These results suggest that ETV7 can reduce the inflammatory responses in breast cancer through the down-regulation of TNFRSF1A.
The rate of orthokeratology lens use and associated factors in 33,280 children and adolescents with myopia: a cross-sectional study from Shanghai
Authors: Zhao Wenchen , Wang Jingjing , Chen Jun , Xie Hui , Yang Jinliuxing , Liu Kun , He Xiangui , Xu Xun
Published: April 2023

Objectives

To investigate the rate of orthokeratology lens (ortho-k lens) use and its associated factors in children and adolescents with myopia.

Methods

Cross-sectional study. Children from 104 primary and middle schools in Shanghai were enrolled by cluster sampling. Ophthalmic examinations were conducted and information was obtained using questionnaires for associated factors analysis.

Results

A total of 72,920 children and adolescents were included, among which 32,259 were the potential population for ortho-k lens use. A total of 1021 participants used ortho-k lenses, equating to a use rate of 1.4% in the total population and 3.1% in the potential population. Age (OR 0.91, 95% CI: 0.88–0.95, p < 0.001), BMI (≥95th percentile: OR 0.48, 95% CI: 0.35–0.66, p < 0.001), age at initiation of refractive correction (≤12 years: OR 1.75, 95% CI: 1.31–2.33, p < 0.001), and parental myopia (either: OR 2.09, 95% CI: 1.58–2.75, p < 0.001; both: OR 3.94, 95% CI: 3.04–5.11, p < 0.001) were independently associated with ortho-k lens use. Of the ortho-k lenses users, 12.4% had a logMAR CVA of ≥0.3. A correction target (SE) of ≤−3.0 D (OR 2.05, 95% CI: 1.38–3.05, p < 0.001) and a sleeping duration of ≤6 h (OR 4.19, 95% CI: 2.03–8.64, p < 0.001) were factors independently associated with CVA ≥ 0.3.

Conclusions

A certain proportion of children and adolescents in Shanghai chose to wear ortho-k lenses, related to the situation of parents and children themselves. Health education and follow-ups should be strengthened to ensure orthokeratology application quality.
Giant magnetoresistance of Dirac plasma in high-mobility graphene
Authors: Xin Na , Lourembam James , Kumaravadivel Piranavan , Kazantsev A. E. , Wu Zefei , Mullan Ciaran , Barrier Julien , Geim Alexandra A. , Grigorieva I. V. , Mishchenko A. , Principi A. , Fal’ko V. I. , Ponomarenko L. A. , Geim A. K. , Berdyugin Alexey I.
Published: April 2023

The most recognizable feature of graphene’s electronic spectrum is its Dirac point, around which interesting phenomena tend to cluster. At low temperatures, the intrinsic behaviour in this regime is often obscured by charge inhomogeneity1,2 but thermal excitations can overcome the disorder at elevated temperatures and create an electron–hole plasma of Dirac fermions. The Dirac plasma has been found to exhibit unusual properties, including quantum-critical scattering3–5 and hydrodynamic flow6–8. However, little is known about the plasma’s behaviour in magnetic fields. Here we report magnetotransport in this quantum-critical regime. In low fields, the plasma exhibits giant parabolic magnetoresistivity reaching more than 100 per cent in a magnetic field of 0.1 tesla at room temperature. This is orders-of-magnitude higher than magnetoresistivity found in any other system at such temperatures. We show that this behaviour is unique to monolayer graphene, being underpinned by its massless spectrum and ultrahigh mobility, despite frequent (Planckian limit) scattering3–5,9–14. With the onset of Landau quantization in a magnetic field of a few tesla, where the electron–hole plasma resides entirely on the zeroth Landau level, giant linear magnetoresistivity emerges. It is nearly independent of temperature and can be suppressed by proximity screening15, indicating a many-body origin. Clear parallels with magnetotransport in strange metals12–14 and so-called quantum linear magnetoresistance predicted for Weyl metals16 offer an interesting opportunity to further explore relevant physics using this well defined quantum-critical two-dimensional system.
Orbital-resolved observation of singlet fission
Authors: Neef Alexander , Beaulieu Samuel , Hammer Sebastian , Dong Shuo , Maklar Julian , Pincelli Tommaso , Xian R. Patrick , Wolf Martin , Rettig Laurenz , Pflaum Jens , Ernstorfer Ralph
Published: April 2023

Singlet fission1–13 may boost photovoltaic efficiency14–16 by transforming a singlet exciton into two triplet excitons and thereby doubling the number of excited charge carriers. The primary step of singlet fission is the ultrafast creation of the correlated triplet pair17. Whereas several mechanisms have been proposed to explain this step, none has emerged as a consensus. The challenge lies in tracking the transient excitonic states. Here we use time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy to observe the primary step of singlet fission in crystalline pentacene. Our results indicate a charge-transfer mediated mechanism with a hybridization of Frenkel and charge-transfer states in the lowest bright singlet exciton. We gained intimate knowledge about the localization and the orbital character of the exciton wave functions recorded in momentum maps. This allowed us to directly compare the localization of singlet and bitriplet excitons and decompose energetically overlapping states on the basis of their orbital character. Orbital- and localization-resolved many-body dynamics promise deep insights into the mechanics governing molecular systems18–20 and topological materials21–23.
The little skate genome and the evolutionary emergence of wing-like fins
Authors: Marlétaz Ferdinand , de la Calle-Mustienes Elisa , Acemel Rafael D. , Paliou Christina , Naranjo Silvia , Martínez-García Pedro Manuel , Cases Ildefonso , Sleight Victoria A. , Hirschberger Christine , Marcet-Houben Marina , Navon Dina , Andrescavage Ali , Skvortsova Ksenia , Duckett Paul Edward , González-Rajal Álvaro , Bogdanovic Ozren , Gibcus Johan H. , Yang Liyan , Gallardo-Fuentes Lourdes , Sospedra Ismael , Lopez-Rios Javier , Darbellay Fabrice , Visel Axel , Dekker Job , Shubin Neil , Gabaldón Toni , Nakamura Tetsuya , Tena Juan J. , Lupiáñez Darío G. , Rokhsar Daniel S. , Gómez-Skarmeta José Luis
Published: April 2023

Skates are cartilaginous fish whose body plan features enlarged wing-like pectoral fins, enabling them to thrive in benthic environments1,2. However, the molecular underpinnings of this unique trait remain unclear. Here we investigate the origin of this phenotypic innovation by developing the little skateLeucoraja erinaceaas a genomically enabled model. Analysis of a high-quality chromosome-scale genome sequence for the little skate shows that it preserves many ancestral jawed vertebrate features compared with other sequenced genomes, including numerous ancient microchromosomes. Combining genome comparisons with extensive regulatory datasets in developing fins—including gene expression, chromatin occupancy and three-dimensional conformation—we find skate-specific genomic rearrangements that alter the three-dimensional regulatory landscape of genes that are involved in the planar cell polarity pathway. Functional inhibition of planar cell polarity signalling resulted in a reduction in anterior fin size, confirming that this pathway is a major contributor to batoid fin morphology. We also identified a fin-specific enhancer that interacts with severalhoxagenes, consistent with the redeployment ofhoxgene expression in anterior pectoral fins, and confirmed its potential to activate transcription in the anterior fin using zebrafish reporter assays. Our findings underscore the central role of genome reorganization and regulatory variation in the evolution of phenotypes, shedding light on the molecular origin of an enigmatic trait.
A generalized reinforcement learning based deep neural network agent model for diverse cognitive constructs
Authors: Nair Sandeep Sathyanandan , Muddapu Vignayanandam Ravindernath , Vigneswaran C. , Balasubramani Pragathi P. , Ramanathan Dhakshin S. , Mishra Jyoti , Chakravarthy V. Srinivasa
Published: April 2023

Human cognition is characterized by a wide range of capabilities including goal-oriented selective attention, distractor suppression, decision making, response inhibition, and working memory. Much research has focused on studying these individual components of cognition in isolation, whereas in several translational applications for cognitive impairment, multiple cognitive functions are altered in a given individual. Hence it is important to study multiple cognitive abilities in the same subject or, in computational terms, model them using a single model. To this end, we propose a unified, reinforcement learning-based agent model comprising of systems for representation, memory, value computation and exploration. We successfully modeled the aforementioned cognitive tasks and show how individual performance can be mapped to model meta-parameters. This model has the potential to serve as a proxy for cognitively impaired conditions, and can be used as a clinical testbench on which therapeutic interventions can be simulated first before delivering to human subjects.
AI4SeaIce: selecting loss functions for automated SAR sea ice concentration charting
Authors: Kucik Andrzej , Stokholm Andreas
Published: April 2023

For maritime navigation in the Arctic, sea ice charts are an essential tool, which still to this day is drawn manually by professional ice analysts. The total Sea Ice Concentration (SIC) is the primary descriptor of the charts and indicates the fraction of ice in an ocean surface area. Naturally, automating the SIC chart creation is desired. However, the optimal representation of the corresponding machine-learning task is ambivalent and discussed in the community. In this study, we explore the representation with either regressional or classification objectives, each with two different (weighted) loss functions: Mean Square Error and Binary Cross-Entropy, and Categorical Cross-Entropy and the Earth Mover’s Distance, respectively. While all models achieve good results they differ as the regression-based models obtain the highest numerical similarity to the reference charts, whereas the classification-optimised models generate results more visually pleasing and consistent. Rescaling the loss functions with inverse class weights improves the performance for intermediate classes at the expense of open water and fully-covered sea ice areas.
Trends in management and outcomes of COVID patients admitted to a Swiss tertiary care hospital
Authors: Marti Christophe , Gaudet-Blavignac Christophe , Martin Jeremy , Lovis Christian , Stirnemann Jérôme , Grosgurin Olivier , Novotny Fiona , Iten Anne , Mendes Aline , Prendki Virginie , Serratrice Christine , Farhoumand Pauline Darbellay , Abidi Nour , Vetter Pauline , Carballo Sebastian , Reny Jean-Luc , Berner Amandine , Gayet-Ageron Angèle
Published: April 2023

Two successive COVID-19 flares occurred in Switzerland in spring and autumn 2020. During these periods, therapeutic strategies have been constantly adapted based on emerging evidence. We aimed to describe these adaptations and evaluate their association with patient outcomes in a cohort of COVID-19 patients admitted to the hospital. Consecutive patients admitted to the Geneva Hospitals during two successive COVID-19 flares were included. Characteristics of patients admitted during these two periods were compared as well as therapeutic management including medications, respiratory support strategies and admission to the ICU and intermediate care unit (IMCU). A mutivariable model was computed to compare outcomes across the two successive waves adjusted for demographic characteristics, co-morbidities and severity at baseline. The main outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included ICU admission, Intermediate care (IMCU) admission, and length of hospital stay. A total of 2′983 patients were included. Of these, 165 patients (16.3%, n = 1014) died during the first wave and 314 (16.0%, n = 1969) during the second (p = 0.819). The proportion of patients admitted to the ICU was lower in second wave compared to first (7.4 vs. 13.9%, p < 0.001) but their mortality was increased (33.6% vs. 25.5%, p < 0.001). Conversely, a greater proportion of patients was admitted to the IMCU in second wave compared to first (26.6% vs. 22.3%, p = 0.011). A third of patients received lopinavir (30.7%) or hydroxychloroquine (33.1%) during the first wave and none during second wave, while corticosteroids were mainly prescribed during second wave (58.1% vs. 9.1%, p < 0.001). In the multivariable analysis, a 25% reduction of mortality was observed during the second wave (HR 0.75; 95% confidence interval 0.59 to 0.96). Among deceased patients, 82.3% (78.2% during first wave and 84.4% during second wave) died without beeing admitted to the ICU. The proportion of patients with therapeutic limitations regarding ICU admission increased during the second wave (48.6% vs. 38.7%, p < 0.001). Adaptation of therapeutic strategies including corticosteroids therapy and higher admission to the IMCU to receive non-invasive respiratory support was associated with a reduction of hospital mortality in multivariable analysis, ICU admission and LOS during the second wave of COVID-19 despite an increased number of admitted patients. More patients had medical decisions restraining ICU admission during the second wave which may reflect better patient selection or implicit triaging.
Using the future wheel methodology to assess the impact of open science in the transport sector
Authors: Nielsen Anja Fleten , Michelmann Jakob , Akac Attila , Palts Kristel , Zilles Anne , Anagnostopoulou Afroditi , Langeland Ove
Published: April 2023

Open Science enhances information sharing and makes scientific results of transport research more transparent and accessible at all levels and to everyone allowing integrity and reproducibility. However, what future impacts will Open Science have on the societal, environmental and economic development within the transport sector? Using the Future Wheel methodology, we conducted a workshop with transport experts from both industry and academia to answer this question. The main findings of this study point in the direction of previous studies in other fields, in terms of increased innovation, increased efficiency, economic savings, more equality, and increased participation of citizens. In addition, we found several potential transport specific impacts: lower emission, faster travel times, improved traffic safety, increased awareness for transport policies, artificial intelligence improving mobility services. Several potential negative outcomes of Open Science were also identified by the expert group: job loss, new types of risks, increased cost, increased conflicts, time delays, increased inequality and increased energy consumption. If we know the negative outcomes it is much easier to put in place strategies that are sustainable for a broader stakeholder group, which also increase the probability of taking advantage of all the positive impacts of Open Science.
Machine learning-based analytics of the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on alcohol consumption habit changes among United States healthcare workers
Authors: Rezapour Mostafa , Niazi Muhammad Khalid Khan , Gurcan Metin Nafi
Published: April 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic is a global health concern that has spread around the globe. Machine Learning is promising in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. Machine learning and artificial intelligence have been employed by various healthcare providers, scientists, and clinicians in medical industries in the fight against COVID-19 disease. In this paper, we discuss the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on alcohol consumption habit changes among healthcare workers in the United States during the first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic. We utilize multiple supervised and unsupervised machine learning methods and models such as decision trees, logistic regression, support vector machines, multilayer perceptron, XGBoost, CatBoost, LightGBM, AdaBoost, Chi-Squared Test, mutual information, KModes clustering and the synthetic minority oversampling technique on a mental health survey data obtained from the University of Michigan Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research to investigate the links between COVID-19-related deleterious effects and changes in alcohol consumption habits among healthcare workers. Through the interpretation of the supervised and unsupervised methods, we have concluded that healthcare workers whose children stayed home during the first wave in the US consumed more alcohol. We also found that the work schedule changes due to the Covid-19 pandemic led to a change in alcohol use habits. Changes in food consumption, age, gender, geographical characteristics, changes in sleep habits, the amount of news consumption, and screen time are also important predictors of an increase in alcohol use among healthcare workers in the United States.
Calculation of electric field gradients in Cd(ii) model complexes of the CueR protein metal site
Authors: O’Shea Catriona A. , Fromsejer Rasmus , Sauer Stephan P. A. , Mikkelsen Kurt V. , Hemmingsen Lars
Published: April 2023

DFT functionals are tested against CCSD(T) for the calculation of EFGs, and applied to model systems of the CueR metal site. Large model systems are required for accurate results. Nuclear decay of Ag(i) to Cd(ii) leads to distortion of the metal site.
Energeticvs.entropic stabilization between a Remdesivir analogue and cognate ATP upon binding and insertion into the active site of SARS-CoV-2 RNA dependent RNA polymerase
Authors: Long Chunhong , Romero Moises Ernesto , Dai Liqiang , Yu Jin
Published: April 2023

The relative binding free energies between RTP and ATP are calculated.
Binding kinetics study of SARS-CoV-2 main protease and potential inhibitors via molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Li Xingyu , Fang Zhou , Li Dechang , Li Zhenhai
Published: April 2023

Molecular dynamics simulations revealed the interactions between the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 and its potential inhibitors.
All-inorganic halide perovskite CsPbBr3: a DFT study of a self-powered formaldehyde sensor
Authors: Liu Xiaodong , Qiu Jian , Huang Qing , Chen Xianping , Yu Jiabing , Bao Jiading
Published: April 2023

A CH2O/CsPbBr3 adsorption system with high adsorption energy (−0.69 eV) and charge transfer (0.398 e) is reported.
Designing electrocatalysts for seawater splitting: surface/interface engineering toward enhanced electrocatalytic performance
Authors: Xu Bo , Liang Jie , Sun Xuping , Xiong Xiaoli
Published: April 2023

Schematic illustration of interface/surface engineering strategies with various effective approaches for high-performance HER/OER electrocatalysts in seawater.
Supramolecular coassembly: monomer pair design, morphology regulation and functional application
Authors: Mu Bin , Gao Zhao , Liu Chengfei , Xiao Xuedong , Tian Wei
Published: April 2023

This feature article summarizes recent advances in supramolecular coassembly, ranging from their synthetic strategies, morphological control, to functional applications.
Palladium-catalyzed stereocontrolled ring-opening of 7-oxabenzonorbornadienes with organic carboxylic acids
Authors: Saravanan Velautham , Jeganmohan Masilamani
Published: April 2023

A novel Pd-catalyzed functionalization of the double bond of oxabicyclic alkenes with carboxylic acids and a simultaneous syn-stereocontrolled ring-opening reaction of oxabicyclic alkenes have been demonstrated.
A reactive oxygen species-responsive covalent organic framework for tumor combination therapy
Authors: Li Wen-Yan , Kan Jing-Lan , Wan Jing-Jing , Li Yan-An , Song Tian , Wang Bo , Guan Qun , Zhou Le-Le , Dong Yu-Bin
Published: April 2023

Herein, we report the first reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive dithioketal-linked covalent organic framework (COF) for synergetic chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer.
Synthesis of C3-halo substituted bicyclo[1.1.1]pentylamines via halosulfoamidation of [1.1.1]propellane with sodium hypohalites and sulfonamides
Authors: Li Zhi , Lan Deyou , Zhou Wei , Li Jiacheng , Zhu Hui , Yu Chuanming , Jiang Xinpeng
Published: April 2023

Halosulfoamidation of [1.1.1]propellane with sodium hypohalites and sulfonamides provides a sustainable way to synthesize C3-halo substituted bicyclo[1.1.1]pentylamine.
Correction: Study of highly stable electrochemiluminescence from [Ru(bpy)3]2+/dicyclohexylamine and its application in visualizing sebaceous fingerprint
Authors: Sornambigai Mathavan , Jaijanarathanan Lingagauder , Hansda Shekar , Kumar Shanmugam Senthil
Published: April 2023

Correction for ‘Study of highly stable electrochemiluminescence from [Ru(bpy)3]2+/dicyclohexylamine and its application in visualizing sebaceous fingerprint’ by Mathavan Sornambigai et al., Chem. Commun., 2022, 58, 7305–7308, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2CC01929A.
Atomically accurate structural tailoring of thiacalix[4]arene-protected copper(ii)-based metallamacrocycles
Authors: Mu Wen-Lei , Wu Linlin , Yu Wei-Dong , Yi Xiao-Yi , Yan Jun , Liu Chao
Published: April 2023

Here we have achieved accurate ligand tailoring at specific sites on calixarene-protected Cu(ii)-based metallamacrocycles.
Spiers Memorial Lecture: Catalytic activation of molecular nitrogen for green ammonia synthesis: introduction and current status
Authors: Hosono Hideo
Published: April 2023

This article briefly reviews catalytic activation of N2for NH3synthesis under mild conditions. Described are historical background and current demand, recent advances on new catalysts, and next challenges.
Utilization of methanol and ethanol for 3,3′-bis(indolyl)methane synthesis through activation of peroxymonosulfate over a copper catalyst
Authors: Devi Arpita , Bharali Mrinmoy Manash , Biswas Subir , Bora Tonmoy J. , Nath Jayanta K. , Lee Seonghwan , Park Young-Bin , Saikia Lakshi , Baruah Manash J. , Bania Kusum K.
Published: April 2023

Copper oxide–peroxymonosulfate is reported as a green catalyst for 3,3′-bis(indolyl)methane synthesis without the use of volatile acetaldehyde or formaldehyde.
Versatile electrooxidative amino- and oxyselenation of alkenes
Authors: Wang Renjie , Zhang Nana , Zhang Yonghong , Wang Bin , Xia Yu , Sun Kai , Jin Weiwei , Li Xinyong , Liu Chenjiang
Published: April 2023

We herein describe a methodology for the production of organoselenium compounds by electrocatalytic difunctionalisation of alkenes.
Enhancement of LIBS plasma and efficient collection of emitted light by open smooth triangular cavities
Authors: Yang Lei , Zhang Yanhui , Li Yinchuan , Qin Lei , Dong Jingtao , Ji Feng , Wei Yongqing , Chang Songtao , Lu Rongsheng
Published: April 2023

Inside the smooth triangular cavity, the plasma is compressed by shock waves and more emitted light is reflected into the collecting system.
Sub-wavelength acoustic stencil for tailored micropatterning
Authors: Kolesnik Kirill , Segeritz Philipp , Scott Daniel J. , Rajagopal Vijay , Collins David J.
Published: April 2023

The developed acoustofluidic device realizes microparticle and cell patterning with acoustophoretic force. It combines a planar acoustic resonator and a microstructured surface which provides complex particle formations with sub-wavelength precision.
In situgrowth of Co3O4nanoparticles on nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide for high-efficiency oxygen reduction catalysis
Authors: Yang Yue , Ye Qitong , Zhou Quan , Xue Tong , Liu Yipu , Shi Xiahui , Chen Zheng-Jian , Yan Xiang-Hui , Lu You-Jun , Zou Zhong-Li , Wang Bei-Ping , Cui Li-Hua , Han Feng-Lan
Published: April 2023

Thein situsynthesis of efficient and economical electrocatalysts are pivotal for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) process in energy related devices such as fuel cells and metal–air batteries.
Polyethyleneimine-based fluorescent polymeric nanoparticles: synthesis and application in fluorescence sensing of pH and para-nitrophenol
Authors: Saini Anuj K. , Jali Bigyan R. , Sahoo Suban K.
Published: April 2023

Water-soluble polyethyleneimine-based fluorescent polymeric nanoparticles, PEIFPL NPs, were synthesized, characterized and employed for the fluorescence sensing of pH and nitroaromatic compounds.
CPL-active water-soluble aromatic oligoamide foldamers
Authors: Laffilé Vincent , Moreno Kevin , Merlet Eric , McClenaghan Nathan , Ferrand Yann , Olivier Céline
Published: April 2023

Helically folded oligoquinolines exhibit circularly polarized luminescence in water.
Correction: Core–shell bioceramic fiber-derived biphasic granules with adjustable core compositions for tuning bone regeneration efficacy
Authors: Bao Zhaonan , Yang Jun , Shen Jian , Wang Cong , Li Yifan , Zhang Yan , Yang Guojing , Zhong Cheng , Xu Sanzhong , Xie Lijun , Shen Miaoda , Gou Zhongru
Published: April 2023

Correction for ‘Core–shell bioceramic fiber-derived biphasic granules with adjustable core compositions for tuning bone regeneration efficacy’ by Zhaonan Bao et al., J. Mater. Chem. B, 2023, 11, 2417–2430, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3TB90052E.
Imaging the innermost gaseous layers of the Mira star R Car with GRAVITY-VLTI
Authors: Rosales-Guzmán A. , Sanchez-Bermudez J. , Paladini C. , Alberdi A. , Brandner W. , Cannon E. , González-Torá G. , Haubois X. , Henning Th. , Kervella P. , Montarges M. , Perrin G. , Schödel R. , Wittkowski M.
Published: April 2023

Context.The mass-loss mechanisms in M-type asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars are still not well understood; these include, in particular, the formation of dust-driven winds from the innermost gaseous layers around these stars. One way to understand the gas-dust interaction in these regions and its impact on the mass-loss mechanisms is through the analysis of high-resolution observations of the stellar surface and its closest environment.

Aims.We aim to characterize the inner circumstellar environment (~3R*) of the M-type Mira star R Car in the near-infrared at different phases of a pulsation period.

Methods.We used GRAVITY interferometric observations in the K band obtained during two different epochs over 2018. Those data were analyzed using parametric models and image reconstruction of both the pseudo-continuum and the CO band heads observed. The reported data are the highest angular resolution observations on the source in theKband.

Results.We determined sizes of R Car’s stellar disk of 16.67 ± 0.05 mas (3.03 au) in January 2018 and 14.84 ± 0.06 mas (2.70 au) in February, 2018, respectively. From our physical model, we determined temperatures and size ranges for the innermost CO layer detected around R Car. The derived column density of the CO is in the ~9.18×1018–1×1019cm−2range, which is sufficient to permit dust nucleation and the formation of stable dust-driven winds. We find that magnesium composites, Mg2SiO4and MgSiO3, have temperatures and condensation distances consistent with the ones obtained for the CO layer model and pure-line reconstructed images, which are the dust types most likely to be responsible for wind formation. Our reconstructed images show evidence of asymmetrical and inhomogeneous structures, which might trace a complex and perhaps clumpy structure of the CO molecule distribution.

Conclusions.Our work demonstrates that the conditions for dust nucleation and thus for initialising dust-driven winds in M-type AGB stars are met in R Car, and we identify magnesium composites as the most probable candidates. We find structural changes between two observing epochs (which are separated by ~10% of the full pulsation period of the star) and evidence of the effects of asymmetries and clumpiness. This observational evidence is crucial to constraining the role of convection and pulsation in M-type stars.
A low-metallicity massive contact binary undergoing slow Case A mass transfer: A detailed spectroscopic and orbital analysis of SSN 7 in NGC 346 in the SMC
Authors: Rickard M. J. , Pauli D.
Published: April 2023

Context. Most massive stars are believed to be born in close binary systems where they can exchange mass, which impacts the evolution of both binary components. Their evolution is of great interest in the search for the progenitors of gravitational waves. However, there are unknowns in the physics of mass transfer as observational examples are rare, especially at low metallicity. Nearby low-metallicity environments are particularly interesting hunting grounds for interacting systems as they act as the closest proxy for the early universe where we can resolve individual stars.

Aims. Using multi-epoch spectroscopic data, we complete a consistent spectral and orbital analysis of the early-type massive binary SSN 7 hosting a ON3 If*+O5.5 V((f)) star. Using these detailed results, we constrain an evolutionary scenario that can help us to understand binary evolution in low metallicity.

Methods. We were able to derive reliable radial velocities of the two components from the multi-epoch data, which were used to constrain the orbital parameters. The spectroscopic data covers the UV, optical, and near-IR, allowing a consistent analysis with the stellar atmosphere code, PoWR. Given the stellar and orbital parameters, we interpreted the results using binary evolutionary models.

Results. The two stars in the system have comparable luminosities of log(L1/L⊙) = 5.75 and log(L2/L⊙) = 5.78 for the primary and secondary, respectively, but have different temperatures (T1 = 43.6 kK and T2 = 38.7 kK). The primary (32 M⊙) is less massive than the secondary (55 M⊙), suggesting mass exchange. The mass estimates are confirmed by the orbital analysis. The revisited orbital period is 3 d. Our evolutionary models also predict mass exchange. Currently, the system is a contact binary undergoing a slow Case A phase, making it the most massive Algol-like system yet discovered.

Conclusions. Following the initial mass function, massive stars are rare, and to find them in an Algol-like configuration is even more unlikely. To date, no comparable system to SSN 7 has been found, making it a unique object to study the efficiency of mass transfer in massive star binaries. This example increases our understanding of massive star binary evolution and the formation of gravitational wave progenitors.
In situ TEM study of crystals growth in amorphous Ti-Zr-Ni films at electron beam irradiation
Authors: Bagmut Aleksandr , Bagmut Ivan , Devizenko Aleksandr
Published: April 2023

Using the methods of in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with video recording of the phase transformations the structure and kinetics of crystal growth in amorphous films of Ti41Zr41Ni18 were studied. The films were obtained by magnetron sputtering of a Ti-Zr-Ni target with deposition on substrates at T = 30 °С. The amorphous (X-ray amorphous) state of the film was retained up to a temperature of 650 °C, above which a polymorphous transformation took place with the formation of crystals with the fcc structure. Video frame analysis shows that the nucleation and growth of flat crystals with fcc structure take place at electron beam irradiation. The speed of movement of the crystallization front did not depend on the time at a constant intensity of the electron beam. A linear dependence on time for the radius of the crystal and a quadratic one for the fraction of the crystalline phase are performed. The dimensionless parameter of the relative length of crystallization was about three thousand.
Review of Euratom projects on design, safety assessment, R&D and licensing for ESNII/Gen-IV reactor systems
Authors: Mikityuk Konstantin , Ferreira Miguel , Hatala Branislav , Kloosterman Jan Leen , Šípová Monika
Published: April 2023

Five Euratom projects launched since 2017 in support of the development of ESNII/Generation-IV reactor systems are briefly presented in the paper in terms of key objectives, results, and recommendations for the future. These projects focus on various aspects of the following ESNII/Generation-IV systems: Sodium Fast Reactor, Gas Cooled Fast Reactor, Supercritical Water Cooled Reactor, and Molten Salt Fast Reactor. The paper does not consider EU projects focused on the Gen-IV reactor technologies based on the use of heavy metals as a coolant because these projects are reviewed in a different paper.
Entspannte und erfolgreiche Vorstellungsgespräche – Bewerbungsgespräche führen
Authors: Holtmeier Lisa
Published: April 2023

Die Suche nach geeigneten Bewerber*innen wird zunehmend schwieriger. Kommt es dann zum Vorstellungsgespräch, haben Praxisinhaber*innen oft das Gefühl, dass sie es sind, die sich um den neuen Mitarbeitenden bewerben, und dass dadurch die Gesprächsführung nicht mehr in ihrer Hand liegt. Der folgende Beitrag gibt Tipps, wie Sie sich in Ihren Vorstellungsgesprächen wieder wohler fühlen.
HIPSTA – die gelebte Interprofessionalität? – Die Heidelberger Interprofessionelle Ausbildungsstation zieht Bilanz
Authors: Köhler Elisa
Published: April 2023

Seit 2019 sind neben Pflegeauszubildenden und Medizinstudierenden auch Auszubildende der Physiotherapie auf der Heidelberger Interprofessionellen Ausbildungsstation im Einsatz. Vom Team-Spirit hin zu einem interprofessionellen Bewusstsein – Laura Haase zieht Bilanz.
Mammutaufgabe – Untersuchung der LWS
Authors: Luomajoki Hannu
Published: April 2023

Die Wissenschaft betitelt Kreuzschmerzen mittlerweile als die größte Katastrophe der Medizin, denn sie verursachen in Deutschland jährlich Kosten von rund 50 Milliarden Euro. Auch in der Physiotherapie ist diese Klientel am häufigsten vertreten. In der Untersuchung hilft ein festes Schema aus Red Flags, der Abklärung von spezifischen medizinischen Ursachen, des Chronifizierungsrisikos, der Abfrage psychosozialer Faktoren sowie einer körperlichen Untersuchung.
Die Haltung der Öffentlichkeit zu Zwangsmassnahmen bei
psychiatrischen PatientInnen
Authors: Huber Christian G. , Steiger Sahar , Möller Julian , Lang Undine E.
Published: April 2023

Studienziel Die Haltung der Allgemeinbevölkerung in Basel
gegenüber dem Einsatz von Zwangsmaßnahmen zu evaluieren. Dies
vor dem Hintergrund, dass Zwangsmaßnahmen indirekt u. a. von der
allgemeinen Stigmatisierung von Menschen mit psychischen Erkrankungen, der
Haltung der Öffentlichkeit und dem jeweiligen sozialen Netzwerk
gesteuert werden.

Methodik Antworten von 1,112 Personen aus einer repräsentativen
Bevölkerungsbefragung im Kanton Basel-Stadt wurden ausgewertet. Die
Teilnehmenden erhielten schriftliche Fallvignetten und Fragebögen, in
denen die Akzeptanz der Zwangsmaßnahmen
«Zwangseinweisung», «Zwangsmedikation» und
«Zwangsisolation» erfragt wurde.

Ergebnisse Beim Vorliegen der Symptome einer psychotischen Störung
befürworteten 31,5% mindestens eine Zwangsmassnahme, bei
Symptomen einer Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung
(22,0%) und einer Alkoholabhängigkeit (20,7%) war die
Akzeptanz geringer. Insgesamt war die Ablehnung von Zwangseinweisungen und
Zwangsmaßnahmen in der Basler Bevölkerung ausserordentlich hoch.
Die differenzierte Einschätzung des Einsatzes von
Zwangsmaßnahmen durch die Basler Bevölkerung entsprach den
medizinethischen Leitlinien im Umgang mit diesen Störungsbildern.

Schlussfolgerung Die Haltung der Öffentlichkeit dürfte
indirekten Einfluss auf die lokale Anwendung von Zwangsmaßnahmen haben
und sollten in den psychiatrischen Fachdiskurs einbezogen werden.