bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Le tsunami meurtrier du 26 décembre 2004
Authors: Moreau Rémi
Published: December 2023

L’auteur décrit l’ampleur des tsunamis qui ont dévasté partiellement de nombreux pays en Asie du Sud-Est, le 26 décembre 2004, principalement l’Indonésie, le Sri Lanka, l’Inde et la Thaïlande, tuant 300 000 personnes, la plus grande catastrophe humaine de tous les temps, et dont l’ampleur est encore difficile à comprendre. Les premières pensées vont d’abord aux victimes de cette énorme tragédie.

Puis, il décrit la contribution financière généreusement apportée dans le monde
entier par les gouvernements, les entreprises et les organisations humanitaires dans la foulée de ce drame, incluant l’aide et le support de l’ONU, notamment sur le plan financier et médical.

Bien que le bilan des coûts économiques n’était pas encore finalisé, les premières estimations de l’industrie de l’assurance ont situé l’ensemble des pertes assurées entre 5 et 10 milliards de dollars. Les dégâts assurés ne seraient pas très élevés par rapport à l’ensemble des pertes économiques, vu la faible pénétration de l’assurance dans les zones sinistrées.

Enfin, il tire certains enseignements initialement dégagés par l’ONU et plusieurs pays qui ont un rôle majeur à jouer sur le plan de la prévention, afin de mieux prévenir les futures catastrophes de cette nature et mieux financer les opérations de secours et de reconstruction.
Interview of María Soledad Cisternas Reyes and Rosa Kornfeld‑Matte
Authors: Cisternas Reyes María Soledad , Kornfeld-Matte Rosa
Published: December 2023

This interview was prepared, conducted, and reviewed by Marion Scheider-Yilmaz, post-doctorate researcher at PACTE, University of Grenoble Alpes and Jean-Philippe Viriot Durandal, Professor at the University of Lorraine and “Inclusive society and ageing” chairholder. The aim was to hear from María Soledad Cisternas Reyes, Special Envoy on Disability and Accessibility for the UN (2017 – June 2023), and Rosa Kornfeld-Matte, Independent Expert on the enjoyment of all human rights by older persons by the UN Human Rights Council (2014 – 2020), about their commitment to the inclusion and promotion of the rights of persons with disabilities and older persons. Throughout the discussion, the process that led to the promulgation of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities is presented. Based on this historical example, the ongoing challenges in the process in favor of a Convention on the rights of older people are then outlined.
Handicap et vieillissement : regards croisés sur les similitudes et spécificités des personnes handicapées et des personnes âgées
Authors: Scheider-Yilmaz Marion , Viriot Durandal Jean-Philippe
Published: December 2023

L’article présenté ci-dessous a été réalisé et rédigé à partir des échanges tenus lors de la session « Handicap et vieillissement » à l’occasion des Rencontres internationales du Réseau d’Études International sur l’Âge, la Citoyenneté et l’Intégration Socio-économique (REIACTIS) de mars 2023 et auxquelles plusieurs des auteurs et autrices de ce numéro ont participé. À l’occasion de la publication de ce numéro spécial, consacré précisément aux similitudes et divergences entre handicap et vieillissement, nous présentons ici une synthèse réflexive des débats en tentant de reproduire le plus fidèlement possible les propos des participants. Ces propos correspondent à leurs approches et ne relatent pas nécessairement les opinions des rapporteurs du présent article, mais visent à donner à voir la manière dont les différents protagonistes envisagent la question des similitudes et des spécificités des personnes handicapées et des personnes âgées.
Enjeux de maintien et préservation du français dans un milieu anglo-dominant : le cas des jeunes francophones de la Saskatchewan1
Authors: Akinpelu Michael
Published: December 2023

Cet article porte sur les pratiques et les attitudes langagières des jeunes francophones de la Saskatchewan. Les données recueillies auprès de quelques jeunes Fransaskois révèlent que le fait de vivre dans un milieu très dominé par l’anglais présente de nombreux défis et limite considérablement les occasions d’utilisation de la langue française. Le maintien du français pour ces jeunes nécessite des efforts intentionnels et stratégiques et découle très souvent de la volonté d’assurer la transmission intergénérationnelle de cet héritage linguistique et culturel. En outre, ils affirment une forte identité bilingue qui est en fait le reflet de leurs expériences et de la situation sociolinguistique du contexte dans lequel ils vivent. Ces résultats mettent en lumière l’importance de soutenir ces jeunes francophones dans leur cheminement linguistique et culturel en contexte minoritaire.
Les francophones canadiens gesticulent‑ils fréquemment ?
Authors: Nicoladis Elena , Garzon Nicol G.
Published: December 2023

Selon les stéréotypes, les francophones font plus de gestes en parlant que les anglophones. L’objectif principal de cette étude est de vérifier cette hypothèse en comparant la fréquence des gestes entre des francophones et des anglophones monolingues au Canada. Le second objectif est lié au bilinguisme : la majorité des francophones au Canada parlent aussi anglais. Comme des études ont montré que les locuteurs bilingues font plus de gestes que les locuteurs monolingues, l’objectif secondaire de la recherche est donc de comparer la fréquence des gestes entre des personnes monolingues et des personnes bilingues (français et anglais). Les participantes et les participants ont visionné un dessin animé dont ils devaient ensuite narrer l’histoire. Les gestes qu’ils ont produits en racontant l’histoire ont été codés (tant les gestes représentatifs que les bâtons, soit des gestes répétitifs qui mettent l’accent sur l’importance du langage parlé). Aucune différence importante entre les deux groupes monolingues n’a été notée. Cependant, les personnes bilingues avaient tendance à effectuer plus de gestes que les personnes monolingues, et ce, dans les deux langues. Ces résultats renforcent quelque peu le stéréotype selon lequel les francophones, en particulier les personnes bilingues, gesticulent beaucoup.
Les défis de la « décontextualisation » : la lecture comme processus digestif dans Péristaltisme d’Éric Charlebois
Authors: Brun del Re Ariane
Published: December 2023

Cet article compare les deux premiers recueils de poésie du Franco-Ontarien Éric Charlebois à partir des travaux de Bertrand Gervais sur les régimes de lecture afin d’explorer les limites lectorales de la littérature minoritaire dite « universaliste » (ou « décontextualisée »). Il montre comment Faux-fuyants (2002), un recueil de poésie « particulariste » (ou « surcontextualisé ») ancré dans le Nord de l’Ontario français, permet aux lecteurs et lectrices qui connaissent la littérature franco-ontarienne de choisir entre ce que Gervais nomme la lecture-en-progression et la lecture-en-compréhension. En revanche, Péristaltisme : clystère poétique (2004) aborde un thème universel, la digestion, tout en mettant constamment en échec ces deux régimes de lecture. Plutôt que de pouvoir choisir leur régime de lecture, les lecteurs et lectrices sont mis au régime par la lecture qui, en se révélant « indigeste », risque de les laisser sur leur faim. Dans l’ensemble, cette étude comparative montre que l’universalisme n’est pas nécessairement la solution aux défis de lecture que le discours critique sur les littératures minoritaires associe souvent au particularisme.
La médiation culturelle numérique et le théâtre francophone au Canada en début de pandémie
Authors: Nolette Nicole , Giguère Frédéric
Published: December 2023

Des efforts majeurs ont été déployés par les organismes artistiques pour faire de la médiation culturelle une approche privilégiée du développement culturel des francophonies minoritaires du Canada. Cet article relate les résultats d’une enquête quantitative et qualitative sur l’usage du numérique dans les activités de médiation culturelle des compagnies de théâtre francophones du Canada à l’été 2020. Il met à l’épreuve certains outils développés au Laboratoire de recherche sur les publics de la culture de l’Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières pour une enquête similaire sur les dispositifs numériques de médiation culturelle mis en place dans les arts de la scène (cirque, danse, théâtre) au Québec. L’étude cherche à saisir l’envergure du virage numérique qui s’est opéré dans les compagnies de théâtre francophones du Canada et à comprendre la particularité de la médiation culturelle numérique de ces institutions de langue officielle en milieu minoritaire, notamment le surtitrage et l’éducation.
Diagnóstico de capacidades disponibles para el desarrollo local. Experiencias del municipio Sagua la Grande, Villa Clara, Cuba
Authors: Moré Estupiñán Mavel , Fragoso Martínez Ariel Jesús , Suárez Rojas Antonia Venancia , Rodríguez Pequeño Miriela
Published: December 2023

El diagnóstico de capacidades disponibles para el desarrollo local provee información sobre la capacidad que tiene una institución/organización o su personal para atender problemáticas concretas. En este empeño, corresponde un importante rol a los Centros Universitarios Municipales. El presente trabajo se plantea como objetivo: describir el proceso de obtención de una línea base para la creación de capacidades para el desarrollo local en el municipio Sagua la Grande, provincia Villa Clara, Cuba. El empleo de métodos del nivel del conocimiento teórico y empírico, así como estadísticos y/o de procesamiento matemático, permite la identificación de las capacidades disponibles para el desarrollo local en atención a dos problemáticas: gestión de proyectos y su financiación; y educación, sensibilización y capacidad humana e institucional respecto de la mitigación del cambio climático, la adaptación a él y la reducción de sus efectos. La determinación de fortalezas y debilidades constituye el primer paso para la planificación de una estrategia de creación de capacidades para el desarrollo local que incluya la formación y capacitación de los recursos humanos del municipio y responde a tareas del Proyecto: “Creación de capacidades para el desarrollo local. Papel de la educación superior”, asociado al Programa Nacional: “Desarrollo local en Cuba”.
Tra Alessandro e gli Antigonidi: la carriera di Medio di Larisa
Authors: Gallo Luigi
Published: December 2023

Abstract From Alexander to the Antigonids: the career of Medeios of Larissa  The contribution reviews the career of a Thessalian, Medeios from Larisa, who, after participating in the expedition of Alexander the Great, militated in the service of the Antigonids, becoming a close associate of Antigonos and remaining loyal to the dynasty even after his death. It is precisely this militancy in the service of the Antigonids, it is argued here, that could be the basis of a tradition according to which Medeios was an associate in the alleged conspiracy of which Alexander was a victim: indeed, it is likely that this tradition arose in the context of the propaganda war that broke out between the successors after the king’s death.
Intelligent algorithm of extreme gradient boosting based perfectly matched monolayer and its efficient absorption on airborne transient electromagnetics problems
Authors: Feng Nai-Xing , Wang Huan , Zhu Zi-Xian , Dong Chun-Zhi , Li Hong-Yang , Zhang Yu-Xian , Yang Li-Xia , Huang Zhi-Xiang ,   School of Electronic and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China,   Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing, Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
Published: December 2023

In addition to requiring the accuracy and computational efficiency for solving low-frequency subsurface sensing problem on the airborne transient electromagnetics (ATEMs), to the best of our knowledge, the complexity of subsurface sensing problems should also be considered in order to reduce more and more computational resources, particularly for a large-scale complicated multis-cale problem with a difference between background and targets. For simulating the open-domain, the finite-thickness perfectly matched layer is used to truncate the computational region, while the whole domain becomes larger so that the problem turns more complex. As a result, we propose a novel perfectly matched monolayer (PMM) model based on the extreme gradient boosting (XGB), which is selected and added to further improve the performance during the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation. The proposed XGB-based PMM model can achieve higher accuracy by using the ensemble learning method of feature attention, and has less memory and time consumption at the same time. Besides, this model has significant advantages in terms of model training stability and its lightweight due to the fact that it relies on the characteristics of traditional machine learning models. Finally, three-dimensional numerical simulations of ATEM problems are carried out to prove the validity and stability of the proposal. The proposed model can not only achieve advantages in numerical accuracy, efficiency and problem complexity, but also be integrated into the FDTD solver to deal with the low-frequency ATEM problems.
Belnap-Dunn Logic and Query Answering in Inconsistent Databases with Null Values
Authors:   Informatics Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 900, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands, A. Middelburg Cornelis
Published: December 2023

This paper concerns an expansion of first-order Belnap-Dunn logic, called BD^{\supset,F}_{\bot}, and an application of this logic in the area of relational database theory. The notion of a relational database, the notion of a query applicable to a relational database, and several notions of an answer to a query with respect to a relational database are considered from the perspective of this logic, taking into account that a database may be an inconsistent database and/or a database with null values. The chosen perspective enables among other things the definition of a notion of a consistent answer to a query with respect to a possibly inconsistent database without resort to database repairs. For each of the notions of an answer considered, being an answer to a query with respect to a database of the kind considered is decidable.
A taxonomic revision ofGarciniasectionXanthochymus(Clusiaceae) in Thailand
Authors: Ngernsaengsaruay Chatchai , Chanton Pichet , Chaiprasongsuk Minta , Leksungnoen Nisa
Published: December 2023

GarciniasectionXanthochymus(Clusiaceae) is revised for Thailand with four native species,i.e.,G. dulcis,G. nervosa,G. prainiana, andG. xanthochymus. All species are described with updated morphological descriptions, illustrations, and an identification key, together with notes on distributions, distribution maps, habitats and ecology, phenology, conservation assessments, etymology, vernacular names, uses, and specimens examined. Four taxa,G. andamanica,G. andamanicavar.pubescens,G. cambodgiensisandG. vilersiana, are synonymized underG. dulcis, and two taxa,G. nervosavar.pubescensandG. spectabilis, are newly synonymized underG. nervosa. Nine names are lectotypified:G. dulcisand its associated synonyms (G. cambodgiensisandG. vilersiana),G. nervosaand its associated synonyms (G. andersonii,G. nervosavar.pubescens, andG. spectabilis),G. prainiana, andG. xanthochymus. All species have a conservation assessment of Least Concern (LC). The fruits of all species are edible and have a sour or sweet-sour taste.
Uso de compost, hidrogel y drenes de piedras como acondicionadores de suelo en reforestación con especies nativas en Chile Central
Authors:   , Nouveau Gallardo Manuel Antonio
Published: December 2023

The great challenge of restoring Mediterranean ecosystems consists of considering climate uncertainty and the existing limitations due to anthropogenic disturbances within restoration actions, with water scarcity being the main limiting factor. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the application of irrigation and the use of soil conditioners to reduce water stress on three native species of the Mediterranean sclerophyllous forest, established in a degraded area of Central Chile. The effects of conditioners and irrigation application on the survival and morphological response of S. polygamus, Q. saponaria and L. caustica, and on the physiological response of L. caustica were evaluated. The interaction of the treatments did not have significant effects on any of the variables evaluated. The stone drain had significant effects on the DAC of the three species and on the height of Q. saponaria. The maintenance of monthly summer irrigation had a significant effect on the height of Q. saponaria. The application of irrigation seems not to be necessary to ensure survival in the second year of establishment. However, it should be considered that species with higher water requirements could benefit from their morphological development. The results obtained in this study suggest that the effect of the strategies and techniques depends on the specific conditions of the microsite. It highlights the need to expand knowledge about these and other techniques, with emphasis on the effects they could have on other species of the sclerophyllous forest.
Hacia el desarrollo urbano y la densificación desde la mezzanina del metro como soporte. De artefacto funcional a generador de espacio público en la Estación Pdte. Pedro Aguirre Cerda
Authors:   , Zach Lazarraga Felipe Nicolás
Published: December 2023

La llegada de una línea de metro a una zona urbana suele implicar un desarrollo habitacional y un aumento en la oferta de servicios y equipamientos. Se asume que esta transformación del entorno es inevitable una vez se anuncia la construcción de una nueva línea. No obstante, existen factores que limitan este proceso. El 2017 se inauguró la Línea 6 del Metro de Santiago. Esta línea subterránea conecta Providencia con Cerrillos, pasando por Ñuñoa, Santiago Centro y Pedro Aguirre Cerda. En esta última comuna, la línea se extiende bajo la Avenida Carlos Valdovinos; sus dos estaciones -Pdte. Pedro Aguirre Cerda y Lo Valledor- no han logrado generar una transformación significativa en su entorno. Después de seis años de su inauguración, la infraestructura y la densidad de la zona se han mantenido sin modificaciones. Esto demuestra que el desarrollo del entorno no surge únicamente al trasladar personas e integrarlas a la ciudad. La estación de metro como proyecto implica una estrategia de emplazamiento que pueda impulsar cambios en el contexto. En este sentido, sus componentes desempeñan un papel importante, especialmente la mezzanina, el nivel intermedio entre una estación funcional, y la realidad local en la superficie. La mezzanina como un espacio arquitectónico en sí mismo, puede potenciar el entorno de la Estación Pdte. Pedro Aguirre Cerda, al ser concebida como un lugar de flujo y permanencia. Considerando la necesidad de densificar Santiago sin extender sus límites, esta investigación apunta a analizar el rol de la mezzanina como una oportunidad para generar un espacio público desde el subsuelo, propicio para el encuentro de la comunidad, la continuidad del movimiento, y la reactivación del barrio. Esta investigación contribuye al campo de la planificación urbana al explorar el potencial de la mezzanina como una herramienta para revitalizar y fortalecer el entorno de la estación de metro, generando espacios de encuentro y promoviendo la densificación en el área de estudio. Al comprender cómo los componentes arquitectónicos pueden influir en la transformación urbana, se pueden diseñar estrategias más efectivas para maximizar el impacto positivo de las infraestructuras de transporte en el desarrollo sostenible de la ciudad.
Diseño de la estrategia de Gestión de Personas para IdeaPaís
Authors:   , Sepúlveda Vargas Florencia Fernanda
Published: December 2023

El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo describir la estrategia de gestión de personas de la fundación IdeaPaís, organización sin fines de lucro. El desafío se presenta ante la necesidad de dar coherencia a iniciativas de gestión de personas desarrolladas de manera aislada en la organización, para lograr sistematizarlas y hacerlas parte de un todo: la estrategia misma. Modelos clásicos de sistemas de gestión de personas y estudios recientes de sistemas de gestión de personas en organizaciones sin fines de lucro, dan contexto al trabajo y a una metodología de levantamiento de información cualitativa descriptiva. Se concretaron en 5 entrevistas semiestructuradas para explorar el enfoque que se percibía debiese tener la gestión de personas, desde la perspectiva de líderes y alineada con los objetivos organizacionales; y también, la revisión exhaustiva de documentación y lineamientos estratégicos organizacionales declarados. Se describe una estrategia de gestión de personas sistematizada por subsistemas y estructurada en objetivos de corto, mediano y largo plazo.
Experiencia universitaria de estudiantes LGTB+ en una universidad católica chilena
Authors:   , Rodríguez Araya Náyade Belén
Published: December 2023

La identidad de género y orientación sexual tienen gran relevancia en la etapa universitaria, donde los y las jóvenes validan socialmente su identidad. Actualmente, las juventudes y su contexto han ido cambiando, así como la apertura de las universidades a las diversidades. Sabemos que la experiencia universitaria se relaciona con el éxito académico y la retención estudiantil, sin embargo, la literatura reporta experiencias negativas de estudiantes LGBT+ en la educación superior, lo que les provoca estrés y autoexclusión de grupos sociales y académicos. Además de reportar peores índices de salud mental que sus pares cisgénero o hetero normados. Se plantea un estudio de caso múltiple, donde se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a 14 estudiantes que se identifican dentro del acrónimo LGBT+, con el objetivo de conocer su experiencia universitaria en el contexto de una institución chilena y católica. Se realiza un análisis inductivo de los datos, tras un proceso de codificación abierta, axial y selectiva que incorpora categorías orientadas a las barreras, facilitadores y recomendaciones a la institución para favorecer su paso por la universidad. Los resultados muestran una heterogeneidad en las barreras y facilitadores, donde influyen factores demográficos, y situacionales como el plan de estudios y campus, así como una percepción general de invisibilización y neutralidad de la institución ante la diversidad sexo genérica, permeado por el contexto católico y conservador de la institución.
Home-Delivered Meals and Nursing Home Placement Among People With Self-Reported Dementia
Authors: Thomas Kali S. , Bunker Jen , Gadbois Emily , Hilgeman Michelle , McCreedy Ellen , Mills Whitney , Ornstein Katherine A. , Reckrey Jennifer , Gutman Roee
Published: December 2023

Importance

Home-delivered meals promote food security and independence among homebound older adults. However, it is unclear which of the 2 predominant modes of meal delivery, daily-delivered vs mailed (or drop-shipped) frozen meals, promotes community living for homebound older adults with dementia.

Objective

To assess the risk of nursing home admission within 6 months between homebound individuals receiving daily-delivered vs drop-shipped frozen meals.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This pilot, multisite, 2-arm, pragmatic clinical trial included older adults with self-reported dementia on waiting lists for meals at 3 Meals on Wheels (MOW) programs in Texas and Florida between April 7 and October 8, 2021, to assess time to nursing home placement.

Interventions

Participants were randomized to receive either meals delivered by an MOW driver or frozen meals that were mailed to participants’ homes every 2 weeks. Participants received their assigned intervention for up to 6 months.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary study outcome was days from randomization to a Minimum Data Set nursing home admission assessment within 6 months. Feasibility of conducting this type of study was examined by tracking enrollment, examining baseline characteristics, monitoring participants’ intervention fidelity, measuring the proportion of participants linked with Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) data, and analyzing the primary study outcome.

Results

Among 325 eligible participants who were randomized, 243 enrolled in the study (mean [SD] age, 81 [8.0] years; 152 (62.6%) were female): 128 to the daily-delivered meals group and 115 to the drop-shipped frozen meals group; 119 participants (49.0%) lived alone. Among the total participants enrolled, 227 (93.4%) were linked deterministically to their CMS data; probabilistic methods were used to link the remaining 16 participants (6.6%). At 6 months from randomization, 160 participants (65.8%) were still receiving meals, and 25 (10.1%; 95% CI, 6.3%-14.0%) were admitted to a nursing home. After adjusting for sex, race and ethnicity, age, program, and living arrangement and the use of death as a censoring event, the adjusted log hazard ratio of nursing home placement between daily-delivered and drop-shipped frozen meals was −0.67 (95% CI, −1.52 to 0.19).

Conclusions and Relevance

This pilot randomized clinical trial demonstrated the feasibility of enrolling participants with self-reported dementia on waiting lists at MOW programs, linking their data, and evaluating outcomes. While this pilot study was not powered to detect meaningful, statistically significant differences in nursing home placement, its feasibility and initial results warrant exploration in a follow-on, adequately powered trial.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04850781
Extracellular Proteins Isolated from L. acidophilus as an Osteomicrobiological Therapeutic Agent to Reduce Pathogenic Biofilm Formation, Regulate Chronic Inflammation, and Augment Bone Formation In Vitro
Authors: Pugazhendhi Abinaya Sindu , Seal Anouska , Hughes Megan , Kumar Udit , Kolanthai Elayaraja , Wei Fei , Schwartzman Jonathan D. , Coathup Melanie J.
Published: December 2023

Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a challenging complication that can occur following joint replacement surgery. Efficacious strategies to prevent and treat PJI and its recurrence remain elusive. Commensal bacteria within the gut convey beneficial effects through a defense strategy named “colonization resistance” thereby preventing pathogenic infection along the intestinal surface. This blueprint may be applicable to PJI. The aim is to investigate Lactobacillus acidophilus spp. and their isolated extracellular‐derived proteins (LaEPs) on PJI‐relevant Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin‐resistant S. aureus, and Escherichia coli planktonic growth and biofilm formation in vitro. The effect of LaEPs on cultured macrophages and osteogenic, and adipogenic human bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cell differentiation is analyzed. Data show electrostatically‐induced probiotic‐pathogen species co‐aggregation and pathogenic growth inhibition together with LaEP‐induced biofilm prevention. LaEPs prime macrophages for enhanced microbial phagocytosis via cathepsin K, reduce lipopolysaccharide‐induced DNA damage and receptor activator nuclear factor‐kappa B ligand expression, and promote a reparative M2 macrophage morphology under chronic inflammatory conditions. LaEPs also significantly augment bone deposition while abating adipogenesis thus holding promise as a potential multimodal therapeutic strategy. Proteomic analyses highlight high abundance of lysyl endopeptidase, and urocanate reductase. Further, in vivo analyses are warranted to elucidate their role in the prevention and treatment of PJIs.
Dual‐Functional Laser‐Guided Magnetic Nanorobot Collectives against Gravity for On‐Demand Thermo‐Chemotherapy of Peritoneal Metastasis
Authors: Wang Longchen , Zou Weijuan , Shen Jian , Yang Shihao , Wu Jingjing , Ying Tao , Cai Xiaojun , Zhang Li , Wu Jianrong , Zheng Yuanyi
Published: December 2023

Combining hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy with cytoreductive surgery is the main treatment modality for peritoneal metastatic (PM) carcinoma despite the off‐target effects of chemotherapy drugs and the ineluctable side effects of total abdominal heating. Herein, a laser‐integrated magnetic actuation system that actively delivers doxorubicin (DOX)‐grafted magnetic nanorobot collectives to the tumor site in model mice for local hyperthermia and chemotherapy is reported. With intraluminal movements controlled by a torque‐force hybrid magnetic field, these magnetic nanorobots gather at a fixed point coinciding with the position of the localization laser, moving upward against gravity over a long distance and targeting tumor sites under ultrasound imaging guidance. Because aggregation enhances the photothermal effect, controlled local DOX release is achieved under near‐infrared laser irradiation. The targeted on‐demand photothermal therapy of multiple PM carcinomas while minimizing off‐target tissue damage is demonstrated. Additionally, a localization/treatment dual‐functional laser‐integrated magnetic actuation system is developed and validated in vivo, offering a potentially clinically feasible drug delivery strategy for targeting PM and other intraluminal tumors.
Injectable Asymmetric Adhesive‐Antifouling Bifunctional Hydrogel for Peritoneal Adhesion Prevention
Authors: Zhao Zhongming , Sun Hong , Yu Chaojie , Liu Baijun , Liu Rui , Yang Qi , Guo Bingyan , Li Xiuqiang , Yao Mengmeng , Yao Fanglian , Zhang Hong , Li Junjie
Published: December 2023

Peritoneal adhesion is a common problem after abdominal surgery and can lead to various medical problems. In response to the lack of in situ retention and pro‐wound healing properties of existing anti‐adhesion barriers, this work reports an injectable adhesive‐antifouling bifunctional hydrogel (AAB‐hydrogel). This AAB‐hydrogel can be constructed by “two‐step” injection. The tissue adhesive hydrogel based on gallic acid‐modified chitosan and aldehyde‐modified dextran is prepared as the bottom hydrogel (B‐hydrogel) by Schiff base reaction. The aldehyde‐modified zwitterionic dextran/carboxymethyl chitosan‐based hydrogel is formed on the B‐hydrogel surface as the antifouling top hydrogel (T‐hydrogel). The AAB‐hydrogel exhibits good bilayer binding and asymmetric properties, including tissue adhesive, antifouling, and antimicrobial properties. To evaluate the anti‐adhesion effect in vivo, the prepared hydrogels are injected onto the wound surface of a mouse abdominal wall abrasion‐cecum defect model. Results suggest that the AAB‐hydrogel has antioxidant capacity and can reduce the postoperative inflammatory response by modulating the macrophage phenotype. Moreover, the AAB‐hydrogel could effectively inhibit the formation of postoperative adhesions by reducing protein deposition, and resisting fibroblast adhesions and bacteria attacking. Therefore, AAB‐hydrogel is a promising candidate for the prevention of postoperative peritoneal adhesions.
Constructing Fully‐Active and Ultra‐Active Sites in High‐Entropy Alloy Nanoclusters for Hydrazine Oxidation‐Assisted Electrolytic Hydrogen Production
Authors: Feng Guang , Pan Yue , Su Dong , Xia Dingguo
Published: December 2023

The development of sufficiently high‐efficiency systems and effective catalysts for electrocatalytic hydrogen production is of great significance but challenging. Here, high‐entropy alloy nanoclusters (HEANCs) with full‐active sites and super‐active sites are innovatively constructed for hydrazine oxidation‐assisted electrolytic hydrogen production. The HEANCs show an average size of only seven atomic layers (1.48 nm). As the catalysts for both hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and hydrazine oxidation reaction, the HEANC/C exhibits the best‐level performance among reported electrocatalysts. Especially, the HEANC/C achieves an ultrahigh mass activity of 12.85 A mg−1noble metals at −0.07 V and overpotential of only 9.5 mV for 10 mA cm−2 for alkaline HER. Further, with HEANC/C as both anode and cathode catalysts, an overall hydrazine oxidation‐assisted splitting (OHzS) electrolyzer shows a record mass activity of 250.2 mA mg−1catalysts at 0.1 V and only requires working voltages of 0.025 and 0.181 V to reach 10 and 100 mA cm−2, respectively, outperforming those of overall water‐splitting system and other reported chemicals‐assisted hydrogen production systems. Active site libraries including 72 sites on HEANC surface are originally constructed by theoretical calculations, revealing that all sites on HEANC surface are effective active sites for OHzS; especially some are super‐active sites, endowing the best‐level performance of HEANC/C.
Silk Fibroin‐Regulated Nanochannels for Flexible Hydrovoltaic Ion Sensing
Authors: Ge Changlei , Wang Yongfeng , Wang Mingxu , Zheng Zhuo , Wang Shuqi , Kong Yaping , Gao Qiang , Liu Mengyuan , Sun Fuqin , Li Lianhui , Zhang Ting
Published: December 2023

The evaporation‐induced hydrovoltaic effect based on ion‐selective nanochannels can theoretically be employed for high‐performance ion sensing; yet, the indeterminate ion‐sensing properties and the acquisition of high sensing performance are rarely explored. Herein, a controllable nanochannel regulation strategy for flexible hydrovoltaic devices with highly sensitive ion‐sensing abilities is presented across a wide concentration range. By multiple dip‐coating of silk fibroin (SF) on an electrospinning nylon‐66 nanofiber (NNF) film, the surface polarity enhancement, the fibers size regulation with a precision of ≈25 nm, and the nanostructure firm binding are achieved simultaneously. The resultant flexible freestanding hydrovoltaic device exhibits an open circuit voltage up to 4.82 V in deionized water, a wide ion sensing range of 10−7 to 100 m, and ultrahigh sensitivity as high as 1.37 V dec−1, which is significantly higher than the sensitivity of the traditional solid‐contact ion‐selective electrodes (SC‐ISEs). The fabricated flexible ion‐sensitive hydrovoltaic device is successfully applied for wearable human sweat electrolyte sensing and for environmental trace‐ion monitoring, thereby confirming the potential application of the hydrovoltaic effect for ion sensing.
Computational Design of Synthetic Optical Barcodes in Microdroplets
Authors: Kawasaki Fumiko , Mimori Takahiro , Mori Yuka , Aburatani Hiroyuki , Yachie Nozomu , Sato Issei , Ota Sadao
Published: December 2023

Barcodes are useful for identifying objects across time, space, and information modalities. However, materializing and decoding optical and multimodal barcodes on microscopic objects remains difficult despite the increasing need for multiplexed cell analysis. Here, a computational design of randomly combinatorial is presented, yet decodable barcodes in microdroplets. The design is based on a novel Real2Sim2Real framework: it first collects experimental images of optically distinct microparticles, then simulates massive combinatorial images by randomly assembling the imaged particles to train a neural network‐based decoder. It is demonstrated that the decoder, even though trained via simulation, accurately identifies the randomly assembled particles in real hydrogel microdroplets. It also shows that the microdroplets with an additional DNA barcoding functionality are applicable to individually link independently measured microscopic images and transcriptome profiles of pooled single cells.
Intrinsically Stretchable and Healable Polymer Semiconductors
Authors: Xue Xiang , Li Cheng , Shangguan Zhichun , Gao Chenying , Chenchai Kaiyuan , Liao Junchao , Zhang Xisha , Zhang Guanxin , Zhang Deqing
Published: December 2023

In recent decades, polymer semiconductors, extensively employed as charge transport layers in devices like organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs), have undergone thorough investigation due to their capacity for large‐area solution processing, making them promising for mass production. Research efforts have been twofold: enhancing the charge mobilities of polymer semiconductors and augmenting their mechanical properties to meet the demands of flexible devices. Significant progress has been made in both realms, propelling the practical application of polymer semiconductors in flexible electronics. However, integrating excellent semiconducting and mechanical properties into a single polymer still remains a significant challenge. This review intends to introduce the design strategies and discuss the properties of high‐charge mobility stretchable conjugated polymers. In addition, another key challenge faced in this cutting‐edge field is maintaining stable semiconducting performance during long‐term mechanical deformations. Therefore, this review also discusses the development of healable polymer semiconductors as a promising avenue to improve the lifetime of stretchable device. In conclusion, challenges and outline future research perspectives in this interdisciplinary field are highlighted.
Multi‐Scale Volumetric Dynamic Optoacoustic and Laser Ultrasound (OPLUS) Imaging Enabled by Semi‐Transparent Optical Guidance
Authors: Nozdriukhin Daniil , Kalva Sandeep Kumar , Özsoy Cagla , Reiss Michael , Li Weiye , Razansky Daniel , Deán‐Ben Xosé Luís
Published: December 2023

Major biological discoveries are made by interrogating living organisms with light. However, the limited penetration of un‐scattered photons within biological tissues limits the depth range covered by optical methods. Deep‐tissue imaging is achieved by combining light and ultrasound. Optoacoustic imaging exploits the optical generation of ultrasound to render high‐resolution images at depths unattainable with optical microscopy. Recently, laser ultrasound has been suggested as a means of generating broadband acoustic waves for high‐resolution pulse‐echo ultrasound imaging. Herein, an approach is proposed to simultaneously interrogate biological tissues with light and ultrasound based on layer‐by‐layer coating of silica optical fibers with a controlled degree of transparency. The time separation between optoacoustic and ultrasound signals collected with a custom‐made spherical array transducer is exploited for simultaneous 3D optoacoustic and laser ultrasound (OPLUS) imaging with a single laser pulse. OPLUS is shown to enable large‐scale anatomical characterization of tissues along with functional multi‐spectral imaging of chromophores and assessment of cardiac dynamics at ultrafast rates only limited by the pulse repetition frequency of the laser. The suggested approach provides a flexible and scalable means for developing a new generation of systems synergistically combining the powerful capabilities of optoacoustics and ultrasound imaging in biology and medicine.
Circularly Polarized Phosphorescence of Benzils Achieved by Chiral Supramolecular Polymerization
Authors: Guang Longyu , Lu Yi , Zhang Yifei , Liao Rui , Wang Feng
Published: December 2023

In current approaches for circularly polarized phosphorescent materials, the crystallization of chiral phosphors suffers from poor processability, while integrating them into an amorphous polymer matrix results in unsatisfactory chiroptical signals due to the absence of chirality communication. Here, we have developed an innovative strategy through chiral supramolecular polymerization of benzil phosphors facilitated by intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The inherent film‐forming capabilities of non‐covalent supramolecular polymers obviate the need for an external polymer matrix. The pronounced helical asymmetry of benzil phosphors resulting from chiral supramolecular polymerization leads to enhanced circularly polarized phosphorescence compared to their non‐hydrogen‐bonded counterparts. The circularly polarized phosphorescent signals can be further modulated by varying the location of stereogenic centers or introducing halogen bonding to benzils. Incorporation of platinum(II) phosphor into the benzil supramolecular polymers induces both chirality and triplet‐to‐triplet energy transfer, leading to a change in circularly polarized phosphorescent color from yellow to red. In summary, chiral supramolecular polymerization of phosphors represents a novel and effective approach to circularly polarized phosphorescent materials.
Die Totalsynthese von Isoxeniolid A**
Authors: Betschart Leo , Altmann Karl‐Heinz
Published: December 2023

Isoxeniolid A ist ein hochgespanntes marines Diterpenoid aus der Familie der Xenicane. Es steht repräsentativ für eine Unterfamilie von Xenicanen, deren 9‐gliedriger Ring eine allylische Hydroxygruppe aufweist; derartige Xenicane wurden bisher nicht als Zielmoleküle von Totalsynthesen verfolgt. Wir beschreiben hier die erste asymmetrische Totalsynthese eines derartigen Xenicans, nämlich des Isoxeniolid A. Dabei lag der Schlüssel zum Aufbau des besonders herausfordernden E‐konfigurierten Cyclononenrings in einer diastereoselektiven intramolekularen Nozaki–Hiyama—Kishi‐Reaktion. Andere wichtige Transformationen waren eine enzymatische Desymmetrisierung zur Kontrolle der absoluten Stereochemie, eine diastereoselektive Cuprat‐Addition und die Verwendung eines bifunktionalen Vinylsilan‐Bausteins. Unsere Synthesestrategie ermöglicht auch den Zugang zur enantiomeren Form des Naturstoffs sowie prinzipiell zu einer Vielzahl anderer natürlicher Xenicane und synthetischer Analoga für Struktur‐Aktivitäts‐Untersuchungen.
Pt/MnO Interface Induced Defects for High Reverse Water Gas Shift Activity
Authors: Szenti Imre , Efremova Anastasiia , Kiss János , Sápi András , Óvári László , Halasi Gyula , Haselmann Ulrich , Zhang Zaoli , Morales‐Vidal Jordi , Baán Kornélia , Kukovecz Ákos , López Núria , Kónya Zoltán
Published: December 2023

The implementation of supported metal catalysts heavily relies on the synergistic interactions between metal nanoparticles and the material they are dispersed on. It is clear that interfacial perimeter sites have outstanding skills for turning catalytic reactions over, however, high activity and selectivity of the designed interface‐induced metal distortion can also obtain catalysts for the most crucial industrial processes as evidenced in this paper. Herein, the beneficial synergy established between designed Pt nanoparticles and MnO in the course of the reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction resulted in a Pt/MnO catalyst having ≈10 times higher activity compared to the reference Pt/SBA‐15 catalyst with >99 % CO selectivity. Under activation, a crystal assembly through the metallic Pt (110) and MnO evolved, where the plane distance differences caused a mismatched‐row structure in softer Pt nanoparticles, which was identified by microscopic and surface‐sensitive spectroscopic characterizations combined with density functional theory simulations. The generated edge dislocations caused the Pt lattice expansion which led to the weakening of the Pt−CO bond. Even though MnO also exhibited an adverse effect on Pt by lowering the number of exposed metal sites, rapid desorption of the linearly adsorbed CO species governed the performance of the Pt/MnO in the RWGS.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylative Multicomponent Fluoroalkylation of 1,3‐Enynes: Concise Construction of Diverse Cyclic Compounds
Authors: Kuai Chang‐Sheng , Teng Bing‐Hong , Wu Xiao‐Feng
Published: December 2023

Multicomponent reactions, particularly those entailing four or more reagents, have presented a longstanding challenge due to the inherent complexities associated with balancing reactivity, selectivity, and compatibility. In this study, we describe a palladium‐catalyzed multi‐component fluoroalkylative carbonylation of 1,3‐enynes. A series of products featuring three active functional groups‐allene, fluoroalkyl, and carboxyl, were efficiently and selectively integrated in a single chemical operation. Furthermore, more intricate fluoroalkyl‐substituted pyrimidinones can be constructed by simply altering the 1,3‐bisnucleophilic reagent. This approach also provides a valuable strategy for the late‐stage modification of naturally occurring molecules and concise construction of diverse cyclic compounds.
Total Synthesis of Isoxeniolide A**
Authors: Betschart Leo , Altmann Karl‐Heinz
Published: December 2023

Isoxeniolide A is a highly strained xenicane diterpenoid of marine origin. This natural product is representative for a subfamily of xenicanes incorporating an allylic hydroxy group in the nine‐membered ring; members of this xenicane subfamily so far have not been targeted by total synthesis. Herein, we describe the first asymmetric total synthesis of isoxeniolide A. Key to forming the challenging E‐configured cyclononene ring was a diastereoselective intramolecular Nozaki–Hiyama–Kishi reaction. Other important transformations include an enzymatic desymmetrization for absolute stereocontrol, a diastereoselective cuprate addition and the use of a bifunctional vinyl silane building block. Our strategy also permits access to the enantiomer of the natural product and holds potential to access a multitude of xenicane natural products and analogs for structure–activity relationship studies.
Diaryltriazolium Photoswitch: Reaching a Millisecond Cycloreversion with High Stability and NIR Absorption
Authors: Kolarski Dušan , Steinbach Pit , Bannwarth Christoph , Klaue Kristin , Hecht Stefan
Published: December 2023

The exceptional thermal stability of diarylethene closed isomers enabled many applications but also prevented utilization in photochromic systems that require rapid thermal reversibility. Herein, we report the diaryltriazolium (DAT+) photoswitch undergoing thermal cycloreversion within a few milliseconds and absorption of the closed form in the near‐infrared region above 900 nm. Click chemistry followed by alkylation offers modular and fast access to the electron‐deficient DAT+ scaffold. In addition to excellent fatigue resistance, the introduced charge increases water solubility, rendering this photoswitch an ideal candidate for exploring biological applications.
Stress‐induced dynamics of glassy vitrimers with fast bond exchange rate
Authors: Pandya Harsh , Perego Alessandro , Khabaz Fardin
Published: December 2023

Vitrimers are dynamic covalent networks, showing considerable promise in self‐healing and reprocessability applications. In this work, molecular simulations are used to study the shear stress‐induced dynamics of vitrimers in the glassy regime and compare their response with that of permanent networks, providing valuable insights into the macroscopic properties of these networks. Results show that vitrimers undergo bond exchange reactions induced by the application of the shear stress, and these events result in accelerated dynamics and subsequently, higher shear compliance of vitrimer compared to the thermoset. When the applied shear stress is high and deformation enters the nonlinear regime, the vitrimer network shows large shear creep compliance and enhanced non‐affine dynamics. Furthermore, the analysis of the self‐particle dynamics demonstrates that the dynamical behavior of vitrimers is highly heterogeneous at short observation times under low and intermediate stress values, while they become homogeneous in the regime of the shear compliance where it shows significantly higher compliance than the permanent network. The significance of the rate of deformation on the dynamics of glassy vitrimers is successfully demonstrated.
Splitting for strength: Manipulating polymerization reactor split ratios to control mechanical and rheological properties in bimodal polyethylene resins
Authors: Jandaghian Mohammad Hossein , Sepahi Abdolhannan , Hosseini Shahin , Esmaeilzade Romina , Nikzinat Ehsan , Masoori Maryam , Afzali Kamal
Published: December 2023

This study integrates advanced mathematical modeling and experimental methodologies to investigate the simultaneous impact of modifications in the split ratio and molecular weight (MW) of chains on the rheological and mechanical properties of bimodal polyethylene (BiPE) resins. The outcomes underscored the viability of fine‐tuning the molecular weight distribution (MWD) of a BiPE resin by augmenting the MW of high molecular weight (HMW) chains while simultaneously diminishing their proportion in the final alloy formulation. In addition, the experimental results illuminated the prospect of attaining a targeted melt flow index for the final polymers by elevating the MW of HMW chains alongside an increase in the proportion of low molecular weight chains. Significantly, these adjustments resulted in remarkable enhancements in the shear thinning index and strain hardening modulus of the fabricated resins.