bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fidelity and Maintenance of Motivational Interviewing Skills in Diabetes Prevention Program Coaches: A Pilot Study
Authors: Cranston Kaela , Ivanova Elena , Davis Connie , Jung Mary
Published: November 2021

Background: Motivational interviewing is an effective counselling style for changing lifestyle behaviours. Few studies have examined brief motivational interviewing training for non-healthcare practitioners to deliver motivational interviewing-informed health programs. The purpose of this study was to pilot a brief motivational interviewing workshop on non-healthcare practitioners to deliver a community-based diabetes prevention program. Methods: This pilot study used convenience sampling to obtain seven participants naïve to motivational interviewing who wanted to become diabetes prevention program coaches. Participants attended a two-day motivational interviewing workshop, were then shadowed by an expert coach delivering the diabetes prevention program, and finally, were shadowed by an expert coach and received feedback. The primary outcome was whether coaches were able to maintain a level of at least client-centered motivational interviewing skills for the six months post-training, as assessed by the Motivational Interviewing Competency Assessment (MICA). Two independent coders used the MICA to assess a random selection of participants’ audio recordings of interactions between with diabetes prevention program clients. One session for each client in coaches’ first six months post-training was coded. Motivational interviewing-competency scores were generated using MICA scores for six months. Results: Coaches were 25B2 years old, 71% female, and 43% had less than a bachelor’s degree. Mean motivational interviewing-competency was at a level of client-centered (total MICA score of 3.3a0.24) over six months. The majority (71%) of all sessions were client-centered for all of the MICA categories. Conclusions: This pilot study offers preliminary evidence that non-healthcare practitioners attending a brief motivational interviewing training were able to deliver a client-centered level of motivational interviewing in a community-based diabetes prevention program up to six months post-training without the use of any booster training sessions. This suggests that the training used within this study may be sufficient to train future non-healthcare practitioner diabetes prevention program coaches in the community.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of ARtificial Intelligence in Emergency and Trauma Surgery, the ARIES Project: An international web-based survey
Authors: De Simone Belinda , Abu-Zidan Fikri M , Gumbs Andrew A , Chouillard Elie , Saverio Salomone Di , Sartelli Massimo , Coccolini Federico , Ansaloni Luca , Collins Toby , Kluger Yoram , Moore Ernest E , Leppaniemi Ari , Litvin Andrej , Mascagni Pietro , Milone Luca , Piccoli Micaela , Abu-Hilal Mohamed , Sugrue Michael , Biffl Walter L , Catena Fausto
Published: November 2021

Aim: We aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practices in the application of artificial intelligence in the emergency setting among international acute care and emergency surgeons.
Methods: An online questionnaire composed of 30 multiple choice and open-ended questions was sent to the members of the World Society of Emergency Surgery between 29th May and 28th August 2021. The questionnaire was developed by a panel of 11 international experts and approved by the WSES steering committee.
Results: 200 participants answered the survey, 32 were females (16%). 172 (86%) surgeons thought that artificial intelligence will improve acute care surgery. Fifty surgeons (25%) were trained on robotic surgery and can perform it. Only 19 (9.5%) were currently performing it. 126 (63%) surgeons do not have a robotic system in their institution, and for those who have it, it was mainly used for elective surgery. Only 100 surgeons (50%) were able to define different artificial intelligence terminology. Participants thought that artificial intelligence is useful to support training and education (61.5%), perioperative decision making (59.5%), and surgical vision (53%) in emergency surgery. There was no statistically significant difference between males and females in ability, interest in training or expectations of artificial intelligence (p values 0.91, 0.82, and 0.28 respectively, Mann-Whitney U test). Ability was significantly correlated with interest and expectations (p< 0.0001 Pearson rank correlation, rho 0.42 and 0.47 respectively) but not with experience (p = 0.9, rho -0.01)
Conclusions: The implementation of artificial intelligence in the emergency and trauma setting is still in an early phase. The support of emergency and trauma surgeons is essential for the progress of AI in their setting which can be augmented by proper research and training programs in this area.
Multi-proteomic Analysis Revealed Distinct Protein Profiles in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients Between Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis NORSE and Cryptogenic NORSE
Authors: Wang Dongmei , Wu Yongming , Pan Yue , Wang Shengnan , Liu Guanghui , Gao Yibo , Xu Kaibiao
Published: November 2021

Background: New-onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE) caused by anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis and cryptogenic etiologies are various in clinical features. The underlying mechanisms of the diseases have still remained elusive.Methods: 6 patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis NORSE, 5 with cryptogenic NORSE (C-NORSE), and 5 controls were enrolled. Clinical data, including clinical features, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples, and cranial images were collected. CSF samples were tested for FAIMS based quantitative proteomic analysis, immunome protein microarray, and inflammatory cytokine array. Bioinformatics and immunostaining were used for interpretation and verification.Results: The clinical features of anti-NMDAR encephalitis NORSE and C-NORSE patients were similar to those reported previously. Proteomic analysis revealed that 101 proteins (63 up-regulated and 38 down-regulated) and 56 proteins (42 up-regulated and 14 down-regulated) changed in CSF samples of anti-NMDAR encephalitis NORSE and C-NORSE patients, respectively. The mean fold-change of the up-regulated proteins, namely up-proteomic score in this study, was positively associated with the severity of disease, including ICU stay, mRS score at discharge, and time taken for patients awaking from a coma. The distribution of changed proteins in CSF between the two diseases were quite different. Pathways of humoral immune response, wound healing, and epigenetic regulation of transcription were up-regulated in anti-NMDAR encephalitis NORSE. Pathways of innate and lymphocyte mediated immune response, synaptic functions, ubiquitination, and cell apoptosis were up-regulated in C-NORSE group, suggesting that C-NORSE could undergo neurodegeneration. This was consistent with a mouse model of SE, which showed high ubiquitination and cell apoptosis in CA1 to CA3 regions of hippocampus. Immunome microarray analysis demonstrated high autoantibody targeting 48 proteins in CSF samples of anti-NMDAR encephalitis NORSE. However, in C-NORSE, the reaction was kept at a very low level. Inflammatory cytokine array, unexpectedly, showed no remarkable changes except for decreased level of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in both anti-NMDAR encephalitis NORSE and C-NORSE.Conclusions: The present study suggests that the up-proteomic score of CSF could be a promising indicator for assessment of the severity of anti-NMDAR encephalitis NORSE and C-NORSE. The distinct CSF proteomes imply different pathogenic mechanisms of the two diseases, and immunotherapy strategies as well.
Effective Routing in Vehicular Adhoc Network (VANET) using an Bio-inspired Algorithm: Enhanced Deep Reinforcement Learning (EDRL) for Secure Wireless Communication
Authors: Ravikumar K , Thiyagarajan R , M Saravanan , P Parthasarathy
Published: November 2021

For improving the performance of city wide-ranging lane networks through the optimized control signal, we proposed a framework in Vehicular Adhoc Network (VANET). Node which reduces the traffic efficiency drastically is identified as critical node, with the help of defined framework. Tripartite graph is used for identifying critical node through vehicle trajectory in the over-all viewpoint. Enhanced Deep Reinforcement Learning (EDRL) method is introduced to control the traffic signal and gives appropriate decision for routing the data from Road Side Unit (RSU) to intermediate or destination node. Various experiments were done with proposed model and the result shows considerable efficiency in delay and travelling time of the node in VANET.
The Broadband Penetration in Europe
Authors: Leogrande Angelo , COSTANTIELLO ALBERTO , LAURETI LUCIO
Published: November 2021

In this article we estimate the determinants of broadband penetration in Europe. We use data from the European Innovation Scoreboard of the European Commission for 37 countries in the period 2010-2019. We apply Panel Data with Fixed Effects, Panel Data with Random Effects, WLS, OLS and Dynamic Panel. We found that the level of “Broadband Penetration” in Europe is positively associated to “Enterprises Providing ICT Training”, “Innovative Sales Share”, “Intellectual Assets”, “Knowledge-Intensive Service Exports”, “Turnover Share SMEs”, “Innovation Friendly Environment” and negatively associated with “Government procurement of advanced technology products”, “Sales Impact”, “Firm Investments”, “Opportunity-Driven Entrepreneurship”, “Most Cited Publications”, “Rule of Law”. In adjunct we perform a clusterization with k-Means algorithm optimized with the Silhouette Coefficient and we find the presence of three different clusters. Finally, we apply eight machine learning algorithms to predict the level of “Broadband Penetration” in Europe and we find that the Polynomial Regression algorithm is the best predictor and that the level of the variable is expected to increase of 10,4%.
Mangosteen Peel-Alginate Biocomposite Beads An Efficient and Sustainable Adsorbent For Decontamination of Methylene Blue
Authors: Nasrullah Asma , Khan Amir Sada , Bhat A. H. , Fagieh Taghreed M. , Bakhsh Ersaa M. , Akhtar Kalsoom , khan Sher Bahadar , Din Israf Ud , Khan Shahan Zeb
Published: November 2021

This study examines mangosteen peels waste and alginate beads (MPAB) as an efficient, sustainable and low-cost adsorbent for removal of methylene blue (MB) cationic dye from aqueous solution in a batch adsorption system. Surface functional groups, surface morphology, surface properties, and thermal stability of MBAB were analyzed using various instrumental techniques such as FTIR, FESEM, BET and TGA techniques. MPAB adsorption efficiency for MB was investigated through variation of dosage (0.01- 0.08g), pH (2- 10), contact time (60- 1320 min), MB concentration (20- 100 mg/L) and temperature (298- 333K). MPAB showed maximum removal capacity of 373 mg/g at 25 oC in basic medium. Kinetic and isotherm studies showed that pseudo second order kinetic models and both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms best fit the experimental data. The findings revealed that novel MPAB has the potential to be a cost-effective adsorbent for removal of textile dyes.
Prevalence of Pathogenic and Potentially Pathogenic Inborn Error of Immunity Associated Variants in Children with Severe Sepsis
Authors: Kernan Kate F. , Ghaloul-Gonzalez Lina , Vockley Jerry , Lamb Janette , Hollingshead Debborah , Chandran Uma , Sethi Rahil , Park Hyun-Jung , Berg Robert A. , Wessel David , Pollack Murray M. , Meert Kathleen , Hall Mark , Newth Christopher , Lin John C , Doctor Allan , Shanley Tom , Cornell Tim , Harrison Rick E. , Zuppa Athena F. , Banks Russel , Reeder Ron W. , Holubkov Richard , Notterman Daniel A. , Dean J. Michael , Carcillo Joseph A.
Published: November 2021

Purpose: Our understanding of inborn errors of immunity is increasing however, their contribution to pediatric sepsis is unknown. Methods: We used whole exome sequencing to characterize variants in genes related to monogenic immunologic disorders in 330 children admitted to intensive care for severe sepsis. We defined candidate variants as rare variants classified as pathogenic or potentially pathogenic in Qiagen’s Human Genetic Mutation Database or novel null variants in a disease-consistent inheritance pattern. We investigated variant correlation with infection and inflammatory phenotype. Results: More than one in two children overall and three of four African American children had immunodeficiency-associated variants. Children with variants had increased odds of isolating a blood or urinary pathogen (blood: OR 2.82, 95% CI: 1.12 – 7.10, p = 0.023, urine: OR: 8.23, 95% CI: 1.06 – 64.11, p = 0.016) and demonstrating increased inflammation with hyperferritinemia (ferritin ng/mL, OR: 2.16, 95% CI: 1.28 – 3.66, p = 0.004), lymphopenia (lymphocyte count <1000/µL, OR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.06 – 2.60, p = 0.027), thrombocytopenia (platelet count < 150,000/µL, OR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.12 – 2.76, p = 0.013) and CRP greater than 10mg/dL (OR: 1.71, 95%CI: 1.10 – 2.68, p = 0.017). They also had increased odds of requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO, OR: 4.19, 95%CI: 1.21 – 14.5, p = 0.019).Conclusion: Herein, we describe the genetic findings in this severe pediatric sepsis cohort and their microbiologic and immunologic significance, providing evidence for phenotypic effect of these variants and rationale for screening children with life-threatening infection for potential inborn errors of immunity.
Fabrication And Optimization of Bio-silver Nanoparticles: Activity Evaluation Against Beta-lactamases-Resistant Enterococcus Faecalis
Authors: Fattah Bikhal , Arif Huner , Hamzah Haider
Published: November 2021

Due to the presence of antibiotic-resistant genes, treatment options of clinical isolates are exceedingly limited. This study was aimed to fabricate, optimize, characterize, and evaluate the action of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against a clinical isolate of Enterococcus faecalis. A combination of cell-free supernatant (C-FS) of the filamentous fungus Fusarium solani and Gram-negative Comamonas aquatica for AgNPs formation was proposed; the antigrowth and antibiofilm of AgNPs against E. faecalis harboring blaTEM and blaCTX-M genes were assessed. The ratio of 1:2 v/v (C-FS:AgNO3) at pH 9.0 for 72 h in 1 mM AgNO3 were the optimal conditions for AgNPs formation. UV-vis absorption peak appeared at 425 nm and the crystalline nature of synthesized particles was verified by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed the interaction of protein molecules with the AgNPs. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis demonstrated that fabricated AgNPs were relatively monodispersed, approximately spherical, and of size 2-7.5 nm. blaTEM and blaCTX-M were detected in E. faecalis; the growth and biofilm of E. faecalis were significantly decreased by the action of 12.5 µg/mL AgNPs. This is the first study proposing alternative sources to form AgNPs via synergistic metabolites of F. solani and C. aquatica. The results here offer a foundation for developing an effective therapy using AgNPs against clinical pathogens.
Biosafety and Removal Potential of Pollutants in Wastewater by the Microbial Flocculant from Marine Bacterium Obtained from Umlalazi Catchment, RSA
Authors: Ntombela Zuzingcebo Goldern , Basson AK , Madoroba E , Pullabhotla VSR
Published: November 2021

Bioflocculants have been reported to be successfully used in the removal of pollutants and dye decolourization from wastewater as they (pollutants) have negative impact on both humans and aquatic life if not properly treated. Thus, the potential removal rate of a microbial flocculant produced by the marine bacterial strain of Bacillus safensis KX94275.1 from uMlalazi estuary, Mthunzini area, KZN for pollutants from wastewater samples and dyes from different dye solution was investigated. B. safensis produced a non-toxic microbial flocculant showed margin of safety in both breast cancer cells and normal cells with 87% and 96% cell survival after treatment with maximum dosage of bioflocculant solution of 100 µg/µL, respectively. Functional groups such as amino, carboxylic and hydroxyl group were revealed with FT-IR spectrum to be possessed by the microbial flocculant produced. Above 65% of microbial flocculant was attained when the flocculant was subjection to 700 oC using the thermogravimetric analyser. A produced bioflocculant was aqua-solvable and have no inhibitory effect in bacteria tested. This heat-stable and cation-dependent (Ba2+) bioflocculant removed more than 85% dye from different dye solutions, such as basic fuchsine (93%), congo red (87%), crystal violet (90%) and methylene blue (93%), using 0.4 mg/mL optimum dosage concentration at neutral pH. This wide pH (3-12) tolerant bioflocculant showed improvement on both domestic and coal mine wastewaters for the removal of biochemical oxygen demand with 66% and 99%, chemical oxygen demand with 48% and 93%, phosphate with 61% and 59%, total nitrogen with 69% and 68% and sulphide with 71% and 83% removal rate, respectively, and flocculation rate of 91% (domestic) and 95% (coal mine) wastewater. Thus, the application of the bioflocculant on wastewater treatment indicated the tremendous prospective in replacing risky traditional flocculating agents frequently utilized for purification of wastewater.
Analytical Hierarchy Process Tool in Google Earth Engine platform : A case study of a tropical landfill site suitability
Authors: Bhattacharya Soham , Ghosh Surajit , Bhattacharyya Soumya
Published: November 2021

Kolkata being a metropolitan city in India, has its main Municipal Solid Waste dumpsite situated at Dhapa just adjacent to the East Kolkata Wetlands Ramsar site. The current prevalent situation at Dhapa is open dumping leading to various contaminations and hazards putting forth the need to look for alternative sites where the landfiilling operation can be shifted to using scientific methods. A User Interface (UI) based Analytical hierarchy process (AHP) tool has been developed within the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud platform to find out the alternative dumping sites using geospatial layers. AHP function is not available as a native algorithm or developed by any researcher in GEE. The tool has three major functionalities, of which the first one handles the UI elements. The AHP procedure is within another function, and the last function integrates the AHP coefficients to the layers generating the final suitability layer. Users can also upload comparison matrix as GEE asset in the form CSV file which gets automatically integrated into the AHP to calculate the coefficients and consistency ratio to generate the spatial suitability layers. This approach showcases a generalized AHP function within the GEE environment, which has been done for the first time. The tool is designed in the cloud platform which is dynamic, robust and suitable for use in various AHP-based suitability analysis in environmental monitoring and assessment.
Potentially Effective Drugs for the Treatment of COVID-19 or MIS-C in Children: A Systematic Review
Authors: Wang Zijun , Zhao Siya , Tang Yuyi , Wang Zhili , Shi Qianling , Dang Xiangyang , Gan Lidan , Peng Shuai , Li Weiguo , Zhou Qi , Li Qinyuan , Mafiana Joy James , Cortés Rafael González , Luo Zhengxiu , Liu Enmei , Chen Yaolong
Published: November 2021

Introduction: The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of using potential drugs: remdesivir and glucocorticoid in treating children and adolescents with COVID-19 and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in treating MIS-C. Methods: We searched seven databases, three preprint platform, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Google from December 1, 2019, to August 5, 2021, to collect evidence of remdesivir, glucocorticoid, and IVIG which were used in children and adolescents with COVID-19 or MIS-C. Results: A total of nine cohort studies and one case series study were included in this systematic review. In terms of remdesivir, the meta-analysis of single-arm cohort studies have shown that, after the treatment, 54.7% (95%CI, 10.3% to 99.1%) experienced adverse events, 5.6% (95%CI, 1.2% to 10.1%) died, 27.0% (95%CI, 0% to 73.0%) needed extracorporeal membrane oxygenation or invasive mechanical ventilation. As for glucocorticoids, the results of the meta-analysis showed that the fixed-effect summary odds ratio for the association with mortality was 2.79 (95%CI, 0.13 to 60.87), and the mechanical ventilation rate was 3.12 (95%CI, 0.80 to 12.08) for glucocorticoids compared with the control group. In terms of IVIG, most of the included cohort studies showed that for MIS-C patients with more severe clinical symptoms, IVIG combined with methylprednisolone could achieve better clinical efficacy than IVIG alone.Conclusions: Overall, the current evidence in the included studies is insignificant and of low quality. It is recommended to conduct high-quality randomized controlled trials of remdesivir, glucocorticoids, and IVIG in children and adolescents with COVID-19 or MIS-C to provide substantial evidence for the development of guidelines.
Culture And COVID-19 Related Mortality- A Cross Sectional Study of 53 Countries
Authors: Käffer Arnold , Mahlich Jörg
Published: November 2021

The aim of this paper is to investigate the influence of culture on COVID-19 related mortality relying on Hofstede’s six dimensional concept of culture. Retrieving data from 53 countries a multivariable regression model was fitted that controls for health related, economic and policy related variables that have been found to be associated with mortality. In particular we included the percentage of population above 65 years of age, the prevalence of relevant co-morbidities (i.e. diabetes, hypertension, cancer. obesity), and tobacco usage as health related variables. Economic variables were GDP per capita and the connectedness of a country as measured by the number of international arrivals. As policy variables we included the Oxford stringency index as well as stringency speed, and the Global Health Security index. The results suggests that individualistic societies can navigate well through the pandemic when they are also characterized by low power distance which reflects a low acceptance of inequality within a society. This finding contradicts with previous studies that supported the popular narrative that autocratic societies with an obedient population are better positioned to manage the pandemic.
AXIN2 reduces the survival of porcine induced pluripotent stem cells (piPSCs)
Authors: zhang rui , Yu Shuai , Shen Qiaoyan , Zhao Wenxu , Zhang Juqing , Wu Xiaolong , Zhu Zhenshuo , Wu Xiaojie , Li Na , Peng Sha , Hua Jinlian
Published: November 2021

BackgroundThe establishment of porcine pluripotent stem cells (piPSCs) is still a critical topic and challenging issue. However, all piPSCs are extremely sensitive to changes of the culture conditions.In addition, the side effect of inhibitors in culture medium confine the pluripotency and practicability. This study aimed to investigate the roles of AXIN in piPSCs and further explore the mechanism. Here, porcine AXIN1 gene and AXIN2 were knockdown, cloned, and overexpressed in piPSCs. Digital RNA-seq was performed to explore the mechanism of cell proliferation and anti-apoptosis. ResultsHere, we found (1): overexpression of the porcine AXIN2 gene significantly reduce the survivability of piPSCs, meanwhile wreck the pluripotency of piPSCs; (2): The Digital RNA-seq analysis reveals that AXIN2, as a negative effector of the WNT signaling pathway, whom after knockdown enhances the expression of genes involved in cell cycle such as CCND1, and reduced the expression of genes related to cell differentiation, cell death, and cell apoptosis. ConclusionAXIN2 could reduce the pluripotency and survival of piPSCs and also provided a potential to simplify the cultrue medium.
The Relationship between Financial Development and Renewable Energy Consumption in South Asian Countries
Authors: Amin Sakib , Khan Farhan , Rahman Ashfaqur
Published: November 2021

We analyse how the financial development and green energy use are linked to the countries of South Asia from 1990 to 2018. Domestic credit to the private sector and renewable energy consumption is being used in this paper as indicators of financial development and the use of renewable energy. On the indication of cross-sectional dependency among the variables of the models, we apply second generation panel unit root tests and cointegration tests to check the stationarity properties and long-run cointegration relation among the variables. We find that variables are stationary at the first difference, and long-run cointegration exists. By applying robust dynamic heterogeneous and cross-section augmented estimators, we find that increase in GDP increases renewable energy consumption by 1.56-0.50%; however reduces by 0.07-0.03% after certain thresholds. Furthermore, increase in financial development, on average, reduces the propensity of renewable energy consumption by 0.15-0.07% in the long-run. On the other hand, the Dumitrescu-Hurlin panel causality test shows a unidirectional relationship from GDP to financial development and financial development to renewable energy consumption but not vice versa. We suggest that the selected countries revisit and restructure the renewable energy policy and emphasise institutional reforms to strengthen renewable energy development in the upcoming years.
Prevalence and Appropriateness of Indwelling Urinary Catheters in Japanese Hospital Wards: A Multicenter Point Prevalence Study
Authors: Katayama Kohta , Meddings Jennifer , Saint Sanjay , Fowler Karen , Ratz David , Tagashira Yasuaki , Kawamura Yumi , Fujikawa Tatsuya , Nishiguchi Sho , kayauchi Naomi , Takagaki Nobumasa , Tokuda Yasuharu , Kuriyama Akira
Published: November 2021

Background: Indwelling urinary catheters are commonly used in hospitalized patients, which can lead to the development of urinary catheter complications, including catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI). Limited reports on the appropriateness of urinary catheter use exist in Japan. This study investigated the prevalence and appropriateness of indwelling urinary catheters, and the incidence of CAUTI in non-intensive care unit (non-ICU) wards in Japanese hospitals. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in 7 non-ICU wards from 6 hospitals in Japan from October 2017 to June 2018. At each hospital the study teams evaluated urinary catheter prevalence through in-person bedside evaluation for at least 5 days of each week for 3 months. Catheter associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) incidence and appropriateness of catheter use was collected via chart review.Results: We assessed 710 catheter-days over 5528 patient-days. The mean prevalence of indwelling urinary catheter use in participating wards was 13% (range: 5% to 19%), while the mean incidence of CAUTI was 9.86 per 1000 catheter-days (range: 0 to 33.90). Approximately 66% of the urinary catheter days assessed had an appropriate indication for use (range: 17% to 81%). A physician's order for catheter placement was present in only 10% of catheterized patients.Conclusion: This national prospective study provides epidemiological information about the appropriate use of urinary catheters in Japanese non-ICU wards. A multimodal intervention may help improve the appropriate use of urinary catheters.
The Recovery and Synthesis of Polyhydroxyalkanoates in the Process of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal in Low-Carbon Sewage Based on pH and Nitrogen and Phosphorus Restriction Under Anaerobic-Oxygen Limited Process
Authors: Zhang Kequan , Fang Qian , Xie Yihan , Chen Yujia , Wei Tong , Xiao Yanyu
Published: November 2021

Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is a new type of bio-polyester which is expected to replace traditional petroleum-based plastics. It is also a critical transformation hub of carbon source in nitrogen and phosphorus removal in sewage. Based on the anaerobic-oxygen limited process, the experiment took organic solid waste fermentation liquid as carbon source control hub and realized PHA synthesis and recovery in denitrification and phosphorus removal from low carbon sewage the SBR reactor by regulating pH value and nitrogen and phosphorus restriction. The experimental results showed that when the ratio of C/N and C/P was 150, the content of PHA accounted for 50.39% and 36.07 of the dry cell weight, respectively. Besides, it was found that increasing the C/N ratio was beneficial to increasing the proportion of PHV in PHA. This study proved the feasibility of using an anaerobic-oxygen limited process to recover PHA in nitrogen and phosphorus removal from low-carbon sewage, which saves gas and reduces energy consumption. At the same time, it also provides some help for the follow-up study of low-carbon urban sewage nitrogen and phosphorus removal coupled with resource recovery of PHA to guide the water industry economy to develop in a circular and sustainable direction
Facilitators, Barriers and Structural Determinants of Physical Activity in Nulliparous Pregnant Women: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Kianfard Leila , Niknami Shamsaddin , SHokravi Farkhonde Amin , Rakhshanderou Sakineh
Published: November 2021

Backgrounds: Reduced physical activity in pregnant women is highly stemmed from their misconceptions and attitudes during pregnancy. This study aimed to recognize the facilitators, barriers, and structural factors that influence activity among pregnant women.Methods: This qualitative study was conducted from January to June 2020 in nulliparous pregnant women. Forty participants selected randomly from the Pounak Health Center of Tehran City, Iran, were answered open-ended questions about the obstacles that deprived them of physical activity during pregnancy. Data were analyzed by MAXQDA 12 software. Results: 620 primary codes, 42 secondary codes, 11 sub-themes, and 6 themes were extracted. These themes were divided into the PEN-3 categories; facilitators, barriers, and structural factors. The nurture factors as facilitators had communication and support from others as sub-themes. Barriers consisted of socio-cultural (participate in pregnancy ‎class with a companion; social beliefs; culture of poverty), socioeconomic (financial problems), and individual factors‎ (physical, psycho-emotional, and spiritual dimensions) and structural factors consisted of environmental (equipment) and organizational (possibilities in health ‎centers) factors. Conclusion: Lack of awareness and misinformation, accessibility obstacles, and economic problems are ‎the most physical activity barriers during pregnancy. Being among other pregnant women ‎and the physicians' recommendations are the most facilitators of physical activity during ‎pregnancy.‎
Cloud Zero-Day Attack Detection Using Hidden Markov Model with Transductive Learning
Authors: Rana Sohel , Hossan Md Alamin , Adel Abidullha
Published: November 2021

In cloud security, detecting attack software is considered an essential task. Among several attack types, a zero-day attack is considered as most problematic because the antivirus cannot able to remove it. The existing attack detection model uses stored data about attack characteristics, which fails to detect zero-attack where an altered attack is implemented for an antivirus system to detect the attack. To detect and prevent zero-day attacks, this paper proposed a model stated as Hidden Markov Model Transductive Deep Learning (HMM_TDL), which generates hyper alerts when an attack is implemented. Also, the HMM_TDL assigns labels to data in the network and periodically updates the database (DB). Initially, the HMM model detects the attacks with hyper alerts in the database. In the next stage, transductive deep learning incorporates k-medoids for clustering attacks and assign labels. Finally, the trust value of the original data is computed and computed in the database based on the value network able to classify attacks and data. The developed HMM_TDL is trained with consideration of two datasets such as NSL-KDD and CIDD. The comparative analysis of HMM_TDL exhibits a higher accuracy value of 95% than existing attack classification techniques.
Genetic Evidence of Stable Northward Extension of Pinus Thunbergii Forests in the Democratic People’s Republic Korea
Authors: Ho Un-Hyang , Song Sam-Rang , Pak Hak-Song , Kim Kang , Ho Tong-Su , Ju Il-Yop
Published: November 2021

Japanese black pine with high salt tolerance may be an important constitutive element sustaining terrestrial ecosystem by playing a role of windbreak forests in coastal areas. Korean peninsula would be a notable region in clarifying distribution shift in Pinus species as it has northern distribution limit of Japanese black pine in Asia. Our main object was to verify genetic evidence of stable northward extension of P.thunbergii populations in D. P. R. Korea. We investigated genetic background of 9 populations existing in Korean peninsula using nuclear SSR markers in relation to shifts in climate factors such as temperature and precipitation. Higher genetic diversity in east group (AR=10.7~19.5) and west group (AR=10.3~10.7) compared to north group (AR=6.7~8.8) was found. When number of putative clusters (K) = 2, whole individuals were divided into west group and north-east group, and when K=3, north-east group can be separated into north group and east group. Phylogeographic relationship verified by means of nSSR markers suggest that substantial increment of air temperature in D. P. R. Korea allowed stable anthropogenic transfer of P.thunbergii forests and that artificial afforestation may bring rapid establishment of forest ecosystem owing to climate change.
Developing a mobile application to improve the quality of life among breast cancer survivors
Authors: Dougan Marcelle , Korani Tina , Castle Arden , Dang Kim
Published: November 2021

Background

In recent years, there has been a growing recognition of the value of mobile applications for health. The current study explored key factors that drive use of mobile applications among breast cancer survivors,.
Methods

We conducted in-depth interviews with a convenience sample of 14 ethnically diverse cancer survivors and individuals in their support systems. Interviewees included six breast cancer survivors, one survivor of a different type of cancer, and four individuals in their support systems (caregivers, clinical professionals, or research professionals). Interview transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis.
Results

Themes emerged in two overarching categories: 1) finding meaningful support and 2) ensuring utility of a mobile application. In relation to meaningful support, participants identified three important themes: increasing social support and connection, motivation for self-care, and assistance navigating healthcare. In the area of application utility, participants identified three key themes: keeping a user-friendly interface, ensuring credible information, and using the data collected for the purposes intended.
Conclusion

It is important to consider factors associated with both meaning and utility when developing a mobile application for breast cancer survivors. Further research is needed with breast cancer survivors of additional ethnic minority groups to confirm or extend important areas for consideration.
Magnitude of Postpartum Hemorrhage and Its Associated Factors in Ethiopia: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Authors: Nigussie Jemberu , Girma Bekahegn , Molla Alemayehu , Tamir Takila , Tilahun Rute
Published: November 2021

Background: Postpartum hemorrhage or postpartum bleeding (PPH) is often defined as loss of > 500 ml of blood after vaginal delivery or > 1,000 ml after cesarean delivery within 24 hrs. Postpartum hemorrhage is a leading direct cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in Ethiopia. Therefore, the main objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the pooled magnitude of postpartum hemorrhage and the pooled effect size of the associated factors in Ethiopia.Methods: Primary studies were searched in PubMed / MEDLINE online, Science Direct and Hinari Cochrane Library, CINAHL, African Journals Online databases, Google and Google Scholars. The search for studies was not limited by time and all articles up to October 10/2021 were included. The data extraction format was prepared in Microsoft Excel. The data extracted from the Microsoft Excel format was exported to Stata Version 16.0 statistical software for analysis. A random effect meta-analysis model was used. Statistical heterogeneity was evaluated by the I2 test and Egger's weighted regression test was used to assess publication bias.Result: A total of 165 records from the electronic databases were excluded, but 145 records were excluded for different reasons, and finally 20 studies were included in this final analysis. The pooled magnitude of postpartum hemorrhage in Ethiopia was 8.18% [(95% CI; 6.996 - 9.363]. Older age [OR= 5.038 (95% CI; 2.774 - 9.151)], prolonged labor [OR = 4.054 (95% CI; 1.484 - 11.074)], absence of ANC visit [OR = 13.84 (95% CI; 5.57 - 34.346)] grand-multiparty, [OR = 6.584 (95% CI; 1.902 - 22.795)], and history of postpartum hemorrhage [OR = 4.355 (95% CI; 2.347 - 8.079)] were identified as factors for the occurrence of postpartum hemorrhage.Conclusions: This study concludes that the magnitude of postpartum hemorrhage in Ethiopia was moderately high. The finding was strongly help different stakeholder working in maternal and child health to focus on the main contributors factors to reduce PPH. Health professionals attending delivery should emphasize high-risk groups of mothers. Encouraging ANC visit and prevent prolonged labor should be recommended to reduce the occurrence of postpartum hemorrhage.
Time-Related Aortic Inflammatory Response, As Assessed With 18F-FDG PET/CT, in Patients Hospitalized With Severe or Critical COVID-19 The COVAIR Study
Authors: Vlachopoulos Charalambos , Printzios Dimitrios Terentes - , Katsaounou Paraskevi , Solomou Eirini , Gardikioti Vassiliki , Exarchos Dimitrios , Εconomou Dimitrios , Christopoulou Georgia , Kalkinis Antonios-Dimosthenis , Kafouris Pavlos , Antonopoulos Alexios , Lazaros Georgios , Kotanidou Anastasia , Datseris Ioannis , Tsioufis Konstantinos , Anagnostopoulos Constantinos
Published: November 2021

AimArterial involvement has been implicated in the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19). 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) imaging is a valuable tool for the assessment of disease severity in different types of vasculitis and is a predictor of outcome. We sought to prospectively assess the presence of aortic inflammation and its time-dependent trend by measuring the 18-FDG uptake in PET/CT in patients with severe or critical COVID-19.Methods In this pilot case control study, we recruited 20 patients, who were admitted with severe or critical COVID-19 illness. Patients underwent imaging between 20 to 120 days after hospital admission. Ten age- and sex-matched individuals with prior history of malignancy but free of active disease served as the control group. Arterial inflammation was assessed by measuring 18-FDG uptake in PET/CT and calculating aortic target to blood ratio (TBR).ResultsThere was a significant correlation between aortic TBR values and time distance from diagnosis to 18F-FDG PET/CT scan (-rho- =0.547, p=0.015) even after adjustment for confounders (p=0.002). Patients who were scanned less than 60 days (median) from diagnosis had significantly higher TBR values compared to patients examined more than 60 days post-diagnosis (1.55 [1.47-1.61] vs 1.40 [1.33-1.45], respectively, p=0.013).ConclusionThis is the first study suggesting that 18 FDG PET/CT imaging could be used for assessment of arterial inflammation in patients with severe/critical COVID-19. These findings may have important implications for the understanding of the pathophysiology and the course of the disease and for improving our preventive and therapeutic strategies.
JULO-JULO DALAM KONTEKS PERTUKARAN SOSIAL
Authors: Rohani Siti , Fauzi Fauzi , Putra R Rahmadsyah , Usrah Cut Rizka Al
Published: November 2021

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bentuk pertukaran sosial dalam kegiatan Julo-Julo serta fungsi pertukaran sosial dalam ekonomi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode fenomenologi. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Adapun teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini, yakni teori resiprositas. Dari hasil yang diperoleh Julo-Julo dalam konteks pertukaran sosial di Desa Merah Pupuk, Kecamatan Atu Lintang, Kabupaten Aceh Tengah yaitu Julo-Julo bahan-bahan pokok untuk acara pernikahan dan hajatan merupakan Julo-Julo bahan-bahan pokok yang dikumpulkan oleh ketua pengurus Julo-Julo ketika anggota Julo-Julo menggelar sebuah acara pernikahan dan hajatan. Menggunakan metode Julo-Julo bahan-bahan pokok yaitu sesuai dengan kriteria, di mana kriteria tersebut adalah anggota Julo-Julo yang paling membutuhkan yaitu untuk memenuhi kebutuhan secara materil. Bentuk pertukaran yang ada pada masyarakat yaitu resiprositas sebanding dan resiprositas umum. Fungsi pertukaran dalam Julo-Julo bagi masyarakat di Desa Merah Pupuk yaitu untuk mengatasi hambatan-hambatan yang ada ketika menggelar acara pernikahan dan hajatan seperti keterbatasan modal uang, keterbatasan tenaga kerja rewang (orang yang membantu) dan keterbatasan sarana dan prasarana.
Kata Kunci: resiprositas;  julo-julo; pertukaran sosial.
 
Abstract: This study aims to determine the form of social exchange in Julo-Julo activities and the function of social exchange in the economy. This research was conducted using a qualitative approach with a phenomenological method. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation. The theory used in this research is reciprocity theory. From the results obtained by Julo-Julo in the context of social exchange in Merah Pupuk Village, Atu Lintang District, Central Aceh Regency, namely Julo-Julo, basic ingredients for weddings and celebrations, Julo-Julo, basic ingredients collected by the chairman of the julo management. -julo when members of Julo-Julo hold a wedding and celebration. Using the Julo-Julo method, the basic ingredients are in accordance with the criteria, where the criteria are the Julo-Julo members who need the most, namely to meet material needs. The forms of exchange that exist in society are proportional reciprocity and general reciprocity. The function of exchange in Julo-Julo for the community in Merah Pupuk Village is to overcome the obstacles that exist when holding weddings and celebrations such as limited financial capital, limited rewang (people who help) and limited facilities and infrastructure.
Keywords: reciprocity, julo-julo; social exchange.
PENGARUH PENGETAHUAN PAJAK, SIKAP, DAN KESADARAN WAJIB PAJAK TERHADAP KEPATUHAN WAJIB PAJAK DALAM MEMBAYAR PAJAK BUMI DAN BANGUNAN
Authors: Saputri Anggrilia Mega , Khoiriawati Novi
Published: November 2021

Abstrak: Pajak bumi dan bangunan atau PBB merupakan salah satu sumber penghasilan negara, yang sangat berguna untuk menyokong pembangunan sarana dan prasarana umum,dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Namun tingkat kepatuhan masyarakat untuk membayar pajak bumi dan bangunan masih tergolong rendah, hal ini dipengaruhi karena kurangnya pengetahuan terhadap pajak dan didukung kurangnya sikap dan kesadaran masayarakat sebagai wajib pajak. Maka tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengenali akibat kurangnya pengetahuan tentang pajak, sikap, serta kesadaran masyarakat terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak untuk membayar pajak bumi dan bangunan di Kelurahan Bence, Kecamatan Garum, Kabupaten Blitar. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan model penelitian deskriptif. Adapun data yang digunakan yaitu sumber data primer dengan sampel peneltiain sebanyak 86 responden. Sedangkan untuk teknik pengambilan data yaitu dengan menyebar kuesioner. Untuk teknik pengolahan data menggunakan SPSS 26 untuk uji validitas, reliabilitas, uji normalitas, uji multikolinearitas, uji heteroskedastistas, uji autokorelasi, dan uji regresi linier berganda (uji-t dan uji-F). Hasil penelitian menyimpukan bahwa pengetahuan pajak, sikap, serta kesadaran masyarakat berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepatuhan masyarakat saat membayar pajak bumi dan bangunan di Kelurahan Bence.
Kata Kunci: Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan; Pengetahuan Pajak; Sikap; Kesadaran Wajib Pajak; Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak.
 
Abstract: Land and building tax or PBB is one of the sources of state income, which is very useful to support the development of public facilities and infrastructure, to improve people's welfare. However, the level of public compliance to pay land and building taxes is still relatively low, this is influenced by a lack of knowledge of taxes and supported by a lack of attitude and awareness of the community as taxpayers. So the purpose of this study is to identify the consequences of lack of tax knowledge, attitudes, and public awareness of taxpayer compliance to pay land and building taxes in Bence Village, Garum District, Blitar Regency. This research uses a quantitative approach with a descriptive research model. The data used are primary data sources with a sample of 86 respondents. As for the data collection technique, namely by distributing questionnaires. For data processing techniques using SPSS 26 for validity, reliability, normality test, multicollinearity test, heteroscedasticity test, autocorrelation test, and multiple linear regression test (t-test and F-test). The results of the study conclude that tax knowledge, attitudes, and public awareness have a positive and significant impact on community compliance when paying land and building taxes in Bence Village.
Keywords: Land and Building Tax; Tax Knowledge; Attitude; Taxpayer Awareness; Taxpayer Compliance.
Application of case study method in crew members' training program
Authors: T. Hristova
Published: November 2021

Specific didactic aspects of the case study method (teaching through casebased practical examples) are presented in the paper. In order for the ship’s crew members to achieve an effective collaborative work, contemporary teaching methodologies should adopt a cautious approach to relevant factors such as innate abilities, policy management, cooperation and professional communication skills, experience, work skills and working environment. Case study is a problem method of teaching, focused on the acquisition of knowledge, skills and competencies – vital prerequisites for quality professional realization of the prospective ship’s crew members. The essential elements for developing the teaching method are analyzed – structure, sources, advantages. An authorship of an organizational model for students’ practical training with the implementation of case study is being shown. An example structure and a case study creation model is suggested. Conclusions drawn from the use of the case study method lead to a safe professional situation in which the prospective specialists are being trained. The case study approach unlocks the trainees’ creative potential, their professional thinking and stimulates searching for new unconventional solutions of problematic situations which the future professionals will be faced with. The method increases students’ training motivation and broadens their knowledge.
Ballistic protection system for military helicopters
Authors: C. Adetu
Published: November 2021

This article presents the importance of military helicopters and the need to protect them with a ballistic protection system against terrestrial threats. Current ballistic protection systems are in a permanent development by optimizing materials and protective structures and discovering new materials, in order to balance the variety of threats in the theaters of operations and the protection against them. Critical helicopter areas and types of materials used in the development of current ballistic protection systems will be presented.