bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
One‐Step Photo‐Induced Self‐Assembly Syntheses of High‐Dispersion CuO‐Loaded Mesoporous Silica for Methylene Blue Catalytic Degradation
Authors: Wu Mei , Li Bowen , Zhao Xin , Xu Weichuan , Ding Jiahui , Wang Kuoteng , Chao Yitong , Jiang Jinlong , Han Haifeng
Published: September 2023

In this work, a novel one‐step photo‐induced self‐assembly method have been applied to fabricate high dispersion CuO nanoparticles loading on the mesoporous silica (CuONP/MS). This method can effectively control the size of CuO metallic particles, having advantages of time saving, easy operation, and environmentally friendly. CuONP/MS with different Si/Cu molar ratio were used as heterogeneous Fenton‐like catalysts to remove methylene blue (MB) from wastewater with the help of H2O2. CuONP/MS(15), having proper copper doping amount, uniform CuO distribution in nano range and suitable Cu2+/Cu+ ratio, exhibited a higher activity (96 % within 20 min) and stability (80 % after five cycles of use) in MB degradation. CuONP/MS(15) could work in a wide range pH with low metal leaching concentration. Fluorescence(FL) results proved that it is more easily to form oxygen defect, which generate more surface hydroxyl groups as reaction sites for MB removal. One‐step photo‐induced self‐assembly method were proved to be an attractive alternative method to prepare metal loading mesosilica catalysts. CuONP/MS catalysts were efficient heterogeneous Fenton‐like system exemplified by the removal of organic pollutants from wastewater.
MXene‐Layered Double Hydroxide Reinforced Epoxy Nanocomposite with Enhanced Electromagnetic Wave Absorption, Thermal Conductivity, and Flame Retardancy in Electronic Packaging
Authors: Wang Luyao , Li Xin , Qian Yongxin , Li Wang , Xiong Tianshun , Tao Yang , Li You , Li Junwei , Luo Yubo , Jiang Qinghui , Yang Junyou
Published: September 2023

Due to the increased integration and miniaturization of electronic devices, traditional electronic packaging materials, such as epoxy resin (EP), cannot solve electromagnetic interference (EMI) in electronic devices. Thus, the development of multifunctional electronic packaging materials with superior electromagnetic wave absorption (EMA), high heat dissipation, and flame retardancy is critical for current demand. This study employs an in‐situ growth method to load layered double hydroxides (LDH) onto transition metal carbides (MXene), synthesizing a novel composite material (MXene@LDH). MXene@LDH possesses a sandwich structure and exhibits excellent EMA performance, thermal conductivity, and flame retardancy. By adjusting the load of LDH, under the synergistic effect of multiple factors, such as dielectric and polarization losses, this work achieves an EMA material with a remarkable minimum reflection loss (RL) of −52.064 dB and a maximum effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 4.5 GHz. Furthermore, MXene@LDH emerges a bridging effect in EP, namely MXene@LDH/EP, leading to a 118.75% increase in thermal conductivity compared to EP. Simultaneously, MXene@LDH/EP contributes to the enhanced flame retardancy compared to EP, resulting in a 46.5% reduction in the total heat release (THR). In summary, this work provides a promising candidate advanced electronic packaging material for high‐power density electronic packaging.
Designing a collaborative faculty‐student mentoring model in a large, complex science curriculum development team project
Authors: Lukes Laura A. , Mazabel Silvia , Sherman Sarah Bean , Gilley Brett , Pete Shandin
Published: September 2023

Scientific research endeavors are increasingly collaborative in nature. As researchers work together in groups of increasing size to develop project goals and implement plans, traditional 1‐1 single faculty‐student mentor models are less relevant as students need input and guidance from the multiple faculty members contributing to the collaborative project. Instead, faculty‐student mentorship models would benefit from being re‐envisioned to facilitate faculty mentors advising multiple student team members and students seeking feedback from multiple faculty team members, while also facilitating complimentary student peer mentorship opportunities. In this article, we present a case study of how student mentorship support was initially designed and managed in a large, complex, and multidisciplinary collaborative science curriculum development effort: the Earth Science Experiential and Indigenous Learning (EaSEIL) project.
Sacral nerve neuromodulation: the past, present and future
Authors: Canagasingham Ashan , Kovacic James , Popa Ioana , Chung Amanda
Published: September 2023

Exploration and development of electrical stimulation to improve bladder and bowel function began in the early 20th century. The mechanism of action is not fully understood, but refinement and optimisation of the technique may lead to wider use in future.
Introduction: Umami as a Taste Percept
Authors: Beauchamp Gary
Published: September 2023

This introductory chapter first provides a brief overview of the human sense of taste and its historic division into four basic or primary qualities, sweet, sour, salty, and bitter, each with a different nutritional function. It then describes the identification of a potential fifth basic taste, umami, typically elicited by the sodium salt of glutamic acid (MSG). Umami taste has been posited as a way to identify and motivate consumption of amino acids and protein in a manner analogous to how sweet taste is thought to identify and motivate consumption of energy-rich foods. It then briefly discusses some special perceptual characteristics of human umami taste relative to the other four basic taste qualities. These include its more subtle nature, its strong apparent tactile component, its specificity to the single amino acid glutamate, and its high concentration in human milk. It concludes that although we have recently learned much about the mechanisms and functions of umami, more remains to be discovered.
Eine wissenssoziologische Diskursanalyse von New Public Management in der deutschen Hochschullandschaft
Authors: Lenk Alexander
Published: September 2023

Im ersten Schritt der Diskursanalyse wird die Oberflächenstruktur des Managementdiskurses inhaltsanalytisch erschlossen. Mit dieser Vorgehensweise werden diskursive Ergebnisse entlang der Mikro-, Meso- und Makroebene analysiert, um Machtverhältnisse zwischen verschiedenen Akteur*innengruppen und Anrufungen von akademischen Subjekten zu rekonstruieren. Im zweiten Schritt werden mithilfe von Hypothesen zum diskursspezifischen Interpretationsrepertoire, die während des historischen Abrisses generiert worden sind, die Tiefenstruktur und die Subjektivierungsformen des Managementdiskurses in der deutschen Hochschullandschaft erschlossen.
Post‐Cancer Treatment Reflections by Patients Concerning the Provisions and Support Required for a Prehabilitation Programme
Authors: Jandu Amrita Kaur , Nitayamekin Arpanun , Stevenson Josh , Beed Martin , Vohra Ravinder S. , Wilson Vincent G. , Lobo Dileep N.
Published: September 2023

Background

Evidence suggests that physical fitness interventions, mental health support and nutritional advice before surgery (prehabilitation) could reduce hospital stay and improve quality of life of patients with cancer. In this study we captured the opinions of a group of patients with cancer undergoing these interventions after treatment to discover what a prehabilitation programme should encompass.

Methods

Patients from the Cancer and Rehabilitation Exercise (CARE) programme based in Nottingham took part in a 26‐point online questionnaire about the design of prehabilitation programmes.

Results

The questionnaire was completed over a 2‐week period in December 2021 by 54 patients from the CARE programme. Their responses were as follows: 44 (81.5%) participants would have participated in prehabilitation had it been available to them and 28 (51.9%) ranked physical exercise as the most important component. Forty (74.1%) participants believed the counselling aspect of prehabilitation would have contributed to a successful outcome and 35 (64.8%) thought dietary advice would have benefitted them before surgery. Thirty‐one (57.4%) participants preferred the programme to take place in a fitness centre, rather than at home or hospital and 43 (79.6%) would have liked to have known about prehabilitation from their doctor at the time of diagnosis.

Conclusions

Patients are interested in prehabilitation to become more physically fit and mentally prepared for surgery. They expressed the need for a focus on physical exercise, counselling to improve mental health and personalised nutritional advice. Tailoring a prehabilitation programme, with input from patients, could contribute to improving patient outcomes following cancer treatments.
Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation improves survival outcomes in peripheral T-cell lymphomas: a multicenter retrospective real-world study
Authors: Wu Meng , Wang Fengrong , Zhao Shihua , Li Yajun , Huang Wenrong , Nie Bo , Liu Haisheng , Liu Xiaoqian , Li Wei , Yu Haifeng , Yi Kun , Dong Fei , Dong Yujun , Yuan Chenglu , Ran Xuehong , Xiao Xiubin , Liu Weiping , Zhu Jun
Published: September 2023

The aim of this study is to evaluate the survival benefit of consolidative autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in patients with peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL). In this retrospective study, the ASCT group underwent consolidative ASCT after first-line therapy at 14 transplantation centers in China between January 2001 and December 2019. Data were collected over the same time frame for the non-ASCT group from the database of lymphoma patient records at Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute. A total of 120 and 317 patients were enrolled in the ASCT and non-ASCT groups, respectively, and their median ages were 43 years and 51 years, respectively. In the ASCT group, 101 patients had achieved complete remission (CR) and 19 patients had achieved partial remission at the time of ASCT. The median follow-up time was 40.2 months and 68 months, and the 3-year overall survival (OS) rate was 80.6% and 48.9% (p < 0.001) for the ASCT and non-ASCT groups, respectively. The beneficial effect of ASCT for OS remained even after propensity score-matched (PSM) analysis (81.6% vs 68.3%, p = 0.001). Among the 203 patients who were aged ≤ 65 years and achieved CR, ASCT conferred a significant survival benefit (3-year progression-free survival [PFS]: 67.4% vs 47.0%, p = 0.004; 3-year OS: 84.0% vs 74.1%, p = 0.010), and this was also maintained after PSM analysis (3-year PFS: 66.6% vs 48.4%, p = 0.042; 3-year OS: 84.8% vs 70.5%, p = 0.011). Consolidative ASCT improved the survival outcome of PTCL patients, even those who achieved CR after first-line therapy.
MRI abnormalities in Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease and other rapidly progressive dementia
Authors: Manara Renzo , Fragiacomo Federica , Ladogana Anna , Vaianella Luana , Camporese Giulia , Zorzi Giovanni , Vicinanza Sabrina , Zanusso Gianluigi , Pocchiari Maurizio , Cagnin Annachiara
Published: September 2023

Objective

To investigate brain MRI abnormalities in a cohort of patients with rapidly progressive dementia (RPD) with and without a diagnosis of Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD).

Methods

One hundred and seven patients with diagnosis of prion disease (60 with definite sCJD, 33 with probable sCJD and 14 with genetic prion disease) and 40 non-prion related RPD patients (npRPD) underwent brain MRI including DWI and FLAIR. MRIs were evaluated with a semiquantitative rating score, which separately considered abnormal signal extent and intensity in 22 brain regions. Clinical findings at onset, disease duration, cerebrospinal-fluid 14-3-3 and t-tau protein levels, and EEG data were recorded.

Results

Among patients with definite/probable diagnosis of CJD or genetic prion disease, 2/107 had normal DWI-MRI: in one patient a 2-months follow-up DWI-MRI showed CJD-related changes while the other had autopsy-proven CJD despite no DWI abnormalities 282 days after clinical onset. CJD-related cortical changes were detected in all lobes and involvement of thalamus was common. In the npRPD groups, 6/40 patients showed DWI alterations that clustered in three different patterns: (1) minimal/doubtful signal alterations (limbic encephalitis, dementia with Lewy bodies); (2) clearly suggestive of alternative diagnoses (status epilepticus, Wernicke or metabolic encephalopathy); (3) highly suggestive of CJD (mitochondrial disease), though cortical swelling let exclude CJD.

Conclusions

In the diagnostic work-up of RPD, negative/doubtful DWI makes CJD diagnosis rather unlikely, while specific DWI patterns help differentiating CJD from alternative diagnoses. The pulvinar sign is not exclusive of the variant form.
Multicenter phase II trial of transanal total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer: preliminary results
Authors: Sylla Patricia , Sands Dana , Ricardo Alison , Bonaccorso Antoinette , Polydorides Alexandros , Berho Mariana , Marks John , Maykel Justin , Alavi Karim , Zaghiyan Karen , Whiteford Mark , Mclemore Elisabeth , Chadi Sami , Shawki Sherief F. , Steele Scott , Pigazzi Alessio , Albert Matthew , DeBeche-Adams Teresa , Moshier Erin , Wexner Steven D.
Published: September 2023

Background

Transanal TME (taTME) combines abdominal and transanal dissection to facilitate sphincter preservation in patients with low rectal tumors. Few phase II/III trials report long-term oncologic and functional results. We report early results from a North American prospective multicenter phase II trial of taTME (NCT03144765).

Methods

100 patients with stage I–III rectal adenocarcinoma located ≤ 10 cm from the anal verge (AV) were enrolled across 11 centers. Primary and secondary endpoints were TME quality, pathologic outcomes, 30-day and 90-day outcomes, and stoma closure rate. Univariable regression analysis was performed to assess risk factors for incomplete TME and anastomotic complications.

Results

Between September 2017 and April 2022, 70 males and 30 females with median age of 58 (IQR 49–62) years and BMI 27.8 (IQR 23.9–31.8) kg/m2 underwent 2-team taTME for tumors located a median 5.8 (IQR 4.5–7.0) cm from the AV. Neoadjuvant radiotherapy was completed in 69%. Intersphincteric resection was performed in 36% and all patients were diverted. Intraoperative complications occurred in 8% including 3 organ injuries, 2 abdominal and 1 transanal conversion. The 30-day and 90-day morbidity rates were 49% (Clavien–Dindo (CD) ≥ 3 in 28.6%) and 56% (CD ≥ 3 in 30.4% including 1 mortality), respectively. Anastomotic complications were reported in 18% including 10% diagnosed within 30 days. Higher anastomotic risk was noted among males (p = 0.05). At a median follow-up of 5 (IQR 3.1–7.4) months, 98% of stomas were closed. TME grade was complete or near complete in 90%, with positive margins in 2 cases (3%). Risk factors for incomplete TME were ASA ≥ 3 (p = 0.01), increased time between NRT and surgery (p = 0.03), and higher operative blood loss (p = 0.003).

Conclusion

When performed at expert centers, 2-team taTME in patients with low rectal tumors is safe with low conversion rates and high stoma closure rate. Mid-term results will further evaluate oncologic and functional outcomes.

Graphical abstract
Shared decision making, prospektive Lebensqualität und das beste Interesse des Kindes: ethische Herausforderungen im Kontext von Behandlungsentscheidungen bei Frühgeborenen an der Grenze der Lebensfähigkeit
Authors: Carvalho Diana , Primc Nadia
Published: September 2023

Behandlungsentscheidungen bei Frühgeburten an der Grenze der Lebensfähigkeit stellen eine große Herausforderung dar. In der Neonatologie hat sich das Konzept einer prognostischen Grauzone etabliert, die als ein Grenzbereich verstanden wird, in dem sich aus medizinischer Sicht die Nutzen-Risiko-Abwägung aufgrund der unsicheren Prognose sehr schwierig gestaltet und sich aus ethischer Sicht sowohl eine kurative als auch eine palliative Versorgung prinzipiell rechtfertigen lassen. Innerhalb der Grauzone wird zumeist eine gemeinsame Entscheidungsfindung mit den Eltern in Form eines „shared-decision making“ (SDM) favorisiert, die sich an dem besten Interesse des Neugeborenen orientieren soll. Allerdings findet sich kein Konsens dazu, wie diese Anforderungen umzusetzen sind. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden unter Einbeziehung der empirischen Studienlage ethische Anforderungen an die Umsetzung des SDM formuliert. Es wird gezeigt, dass Eltern bzw. Schwangere unterschiedliche Präferenzen hinsichtlich der Art ihrer Einbindung haben. Hieraus ergibt sich aus ethischer Sicht die Anforderung, im Rahmen des SDM gemeinsam herauszuarbeiten, welche Rolle sie bei der Entscheidungsfindung einnehmen wollen und welche Präferenzen und Werte für sie bei der Therapieentscheidung von Relevanz sind. Zudem wird in unserer Untersuchung auf die Frage eingegangen, inwiefern die zu erwartende Lebensqualität der Kinder in die Bestimmung des besten Interesses der Neugeborenen einbezogen werden kann. Es wird gezeigt, dass in der prognostischen Grauzone neben den Präferenzen der Eltern bzw. Schwangeren gegenwärtig kaum Kriterien zur inhaltlichen Bestimmung des besten Interesses des Neugeborenen zur Verfügung stehen – ein wesentlicher Grund, der aus ethischer Sicht für die Implementierung des skizzierten Modells des SDM spricht.
Turbulence and Interface Waves in Stratified Oil–Water Channel Flow at Large Viscosity Ratio
Authors: Giamagas Georgios , Zonta Francesco , Roccon Alessio , Soldati Alfredo
Published: September 2023

We investigate the dynamics of turbulence and interfacial waves in an oil–water channel flow. We consider a stratified configuration, in which a thin layer of oil flows on top of a thick layer of water. The oil–water interface that separates the two layers mutually interacts with the surrounding flow field, and is characterized by the formation and propagation of interfacial waves. We perform direct numerical simulation of the Navier-Stokes equations coupled with a phase field method to describe the interface dynamics. For a given shear Reynolds number, $$Re_\tau =300$$

R

e
τ

=
300

, and Weber number, $$We=0.5$$

W
e
=
0.5

, we consider three different types of oils, characterized by different viscosities, and thus different oil-to-water viscosity ratios $$\mu _r=\mu _o/\mu _w$$

μ
r

=

μ
o

/

μ
w

(being $$\mu _o$$

μ
o

and $$\mu _w$$

μ
w

oil and water viscosities). Starting from a matched viscosity case, $$\mu _r=1$$

μ
r

=
1

, we increase the oil-to-water viscosity ratio up to $$\mu _r=100$$

μ
r

=
100

. By increasing $$\mu _r$$

μ
r

, we observe significant changes both in turbulence and in the dynamics of the oil–water interface. In particular, the large viscosity of oil controls the flow regime in the thin oil layer, as well as the turbulence activity in the thick water layer, with direct consequences on the overall channel flow rate, which decreases when the oil viscosity is increased. Correspondingly, we observe remarkable changes in the dynamics of waves that propagate at the oil–water interface. In particular, increasing the viscosity ratio from $$\mu _r=1$$

μ
r

=
1

to $$\mu _r=100$$

μ
r

=
100

, waves change from a two-dimensional, nearly-isotropic pattern, to an almost monochromatic one.
Consolidating the theoretical foundations of digital human resource management acceptance and use research: a meta-analytic validation of UTAUT
Authors: Theres Christian , Strohmeier Stefan
Published: September 2023

With rapid technological progress, the adoption of digital technology in human resource management (HRM) has become a crucial step towards the vision of digital organizations. Over the last four decades, a substantial body of empirical research has been dedicated towards explaining the phenomenon of digital HRM. Moreover, research has applied a wide array of theories, constructs, and measures to explain the adoption of digital HRM in organizations. The results are fragmented theoretical foundations and inconsistent empirical evaluations. We provide a comprehensive overview of theories applied in digital HRM adoption research and propose an adjusted version of the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology as a consolidating theory to explain adoption across settings. We empirically validate this theory by combining evidence from 134 primary studies yielding 768 effect sizes via meta-analytic structural equation modelling. Moderator analyses assessing the influence of research setting and sample on effects show significant differences between private and public sector. Findings highlight research opportunities for future studies and implications for practitioners.
Bedingungen für Ältere in der Sicherungsverwahrung
Authors: Leuschner Fredericke , Rausch Elena
Published: September 2023

Lebensältere Personen stellen einen beachtlichen Anteil der in Sicherungsverwahrung Untergebrachten. Zudem blicken Untergebrachte häufig auf Lebensläufe, die altersbedingte Einschränkungen begünstigen, zurück. Da Vollzugsgesetze keine besonderen Vorgaben für den Umgang mit älteren Untergebrachten vorsehen, obliegt es den einzelnen Einrichtungen, entsprechende Angebote zu schaffen. In vorliegendem Artikel wird die Alterszusammensetzung von Sicherungsverwahrten dargestellt und ein Überblick über die in den Einrichtungen bestehenden Maßnahmen und Angebote für ältere Untergebrachte gegeben. Die Daten stammen aus einer jährlichen Stichtagserhebung durch die Kriminologische Zentralstelle (KrimZ) und einer in diesem Rahmen durchgeführten Abfrage bei den Einrichtungen der Sicherungsverwahrung. Das Durchschnittsalter bei Antritt der Sicherungsverwahrung ist über 47 Jahre. Im Jahr 2022 waren die Untergebrachten im Durchschnitt etwa 55 Jahre; mehr als ein Viertel waren über 60 Jahre alt. Elf Einrichtungen haben Angaben gemacht. Es ist festzustellen, dass bisher kein einheitlicher Stand beim Umgang mit den besonderen Bedarfen von älteren Untergebrachten existiert. Mögliche Reaktionen auf die Bedürfnisse Älterer sind bestimmte bauliche Maßnahmen (n = 10) und Anpassungen in der Ausstattung (n = 10) sowie das Zurückgreifen auf spezielles Personal (n = 4) oder Schulungen für Mitarbeitende (n = 1). Außerdem können Maßnahmen der Gesundheitsversorgung (n = 8) und spezifische Behandlungsangebote für körperliche (n = 5) und geistige Fitness (n = 7) die Situation älterer Untergebrachter verbessern. Eine Schaffung systematischer Strukturen zum Umgang mit älteren Personen in Sicherungsverwahrung würde die Einrichtungen mit dieser Aufgabe nicht allein lassen und gleichzeitig eine menschenwürdige Unterbringung der Sicherungsverwahrten garantieren.
Complete moment convergence for ND random variables under the sub-linear expectations
Authors: Feng Feng-xiang , Wang Ding-cheng , Wu Qun-ying
Published: September 2023

In this article, we establish a general result on complete moment convergence for arrays of rowwise negatively dependent(ND) random variables under the sub-linear expectations. As applications, we can obtain a series of results on complete moment convergence for ND random variables under the sub-linear expectations.
Multiple parametric Marcinkiewicz integrals with mixed homogeneity along surfaces
Authors: Shen Jia-wei , He Shao-yong , Chen Jie-cheng
Published: September 2023

In this paper, the multiple parametric Marcinkiewicz integral operators with mixed homogeneity along surfaces are studied. The Lp-mapping properties for such operators are obtained under the rather weakened size conditions on the integral kernels both on the unit sphere and in the radial direction. The main results essentially improve and extend certain previous results.
How do networks explain? A neo-hempelian approach to network explanations of the ecology of the microbiome
Authors: Díez José , Suárez Javier
Published: September 2023

Despite the importance of network analysis in biological practice, dominant models of scientific explanation do not account satisfactorily for how this family of explanations gain their explanatory power in every specific application. This insufficiency is particularly salient in the study of the ecology of the microbiome. Drawing on Coyte et al. (2015) study of the ecology of the microbiome, Deulofeu et al. (2021) argue that these explanations are neither mechanistic, nor purely mathematical, yet they are substantially empirical. Building on their criticisms, in the present work we make a step further elucidating this kind of explanations with a general analytical framework according to which scientific explanations are ampliative, specialized embeddings (ASE), which has recently been successfully applied to other biological subfields. We use ASE to reconstruct in detail the Coyte et al.’s case study and on its basis, we claim that network explanations of the ecology of the microbiome, and other similar explanations in ecology, gain their epistemological force in virtue of their capacity to embed biological phenomena in non-accidental generalizations that are simultaneously ampliative and specialized.
Transcriptomic approaches for identifying potential transmission blocking vaccine candidates in Plasmodium falciparum: a review of current knowledge and future directions
Authors: Varijakshi Gutthedhar , Divya Mallya , Ware Akshay Pramod , Paul Bobby , Saadi Abdul Vahab
Published: September 2023

Utilizing transcriptomics, promising methods for identifying unique genes associated with Plasmodium gametocyte development offer a potential avenue for novel candidate targets in transmission blocking vaccine development. In this review, we identified 40 publicly available transcriptomic datasets related to parasite factors linked with sexual stage transmission, from which we analyzed two RNA-Seq datasets to identify potential genes crucial for the transmission of P. falciparum from humans to mosquito vectors. Differential expression analysis revealed 3500 (2489 upregulated and 1011 downregulated) common genes differentially expressed throughout sexual stage development of P. falciparum occurring in both humans (gametocyte stage II, V) and mosquitoes (ookinete). Among which 1283 (914 upregulated and 369 downregulated) and 826 (719 upregulated and 107 downregulated) genes were specific to female and male gametocytes, respectively. Also, 830 potential transition associated genes were identified that may be involved in the adaptation and survival of the parasite in between human and mosquito stages. Additionally, we reviewed the functional aspects of important genes highly expressed throughout the sexual stage pathway and evaluated their suitability as vaccine candidates. The review provides researchers with insight into the importance of publicly available transcriptomic datasets for identifying critical and novel gametocyte markers that may aid in the development of rational transmission blocking strategies.
Properties of cement–bentonite mortar developed by mineral additives for primary firm secant pile by Taguchi method
Authors: Abd Elaty Metwally Abd Allah , Azzam Wasiem Ragab , Eldesoky Ahmed Gamal
Published: September 2023

To make construction materials more sustainable and greener, companies must consider the environmental impact when sourcing materials include developing methods for sustainable recycling and encouraging design practices that prioritize the use of green materials using additives. Geotechnical applications including construction of cutoff walls require development of enhanced materials that possess certain attributes to ensure strain compatibility with surrounding soil. The study aims to explore the utilization of different materials such as bentonite, cement dust, fly ash, lime and polypropylene fibers to produce cement–bentonite mortar with low permeability and sufficient strength. For optimizing the process parameters in the experimental domain, an orthogonal array by Taguchi method was used, and thirty-two experimental runs were performed. The properties investigated included flow%, displaced volume rate, compressive, splitting tensile, flexural, shear strengths, elastic modulus and permeability coefficient. The test results demonstrated that cement dust, fly ash and lime could achieve optimal performance in terms of low permeability and sufficient strength. Additionally, polypropylene fibers up to 0.3% could be effectively used to achieve sufficiently low elastic modulus without affecting other conductive strengths significantly. The findings of the regression model demonstrated that the developed models could account for how the independent variable affected the necessary responses. This study could provide engineers with insights into selecting the appropriate materials to achieve the desired performance characteristics for some geotechnical applications considering sustainability.
New teeth of a basal Macronarian (Sauropoda) from the Jurassic–Cretaceous transition of Spain
Authors: Fernández-Baldor F. Torcida , Huerta P. , Puértolas-Pascual E. , Canudo J. I.
Published: September 2023

In this work, a dentary, and several teeth from the Valdepalazuelos-Tenadas del Carrascal site (Burgos, Spain) are studied. Geologically,this site is situatedat the base of the Rupelo Formation (Cuenca de Cameros), of Tithonian–Berriasian age. This formation has been interpreted as lacustrine-palustrine deposits with low gradient margins and with periodic changes in the water level. MDS-VPCR,851 is a fragment of the rostral symphyseal zone of a right dentary, a robust bone with a rostral ridge on its lingual surface, large diameter foramina on the lingual surface, a wide Meckelian canal extending from the rostroventral margin, semicircular symphysis arranged rostrolingually, and with two alveoli preserving two erupting teetheach. Although the functional teeth have not been preserved, each alveolus could contain one active tooth and at least two replacement teeth. Eight maxillary and mandibular teeth are described, with a spatulate crown, a rough enamel surface, a D-shaped croos-section, and a very marked cingulum. The dentary and teeth from this site have evident differences with those of other taxa and specimens described in the Kimmeridgian-Berriasian of the Iberian Peninsula. Its greatest similarities are with Camarasaurus, but in the specimens from Valdepalazuelos there are characters that seem to be unique and differ from that taxon. Consequently. the specimens described here are identified as belonging to a basal macronarian, close to Camarasaurus. This work points to the existence of two macronarian sauropods in the Tithonian–Berriasian transit of the Cameros Basin, and increases the diversity of the Iberian record of that time period.
Via Digitalis: From the Postdigital to the Hyperdigital
Authors: Haecker Ryan
Published: September 2023

The way beyond the digital can be discovered, not outside, but rather in and through the digital at its highest point. Since its introduction, the postdigital has neither been adequately defined nor scientifically demonstrated to be indefinable. If, on the contrary, the postdigital can be defined by a conceptual and genealogical analysis as a circuit of reflections upon the essential rupture of the digital, then the way that, in the digital, we calculate in writing can, in the postdigital, be assumed into a hyperbolic reflection in and from its more originary creative source. In this theological critique of Maggi Savin-Baden and John Reader’s volume Postdigital Theologies, I prosecute three theses: first, the postdigital has failed; second, postdigital theology is incompatible with Christian theology; and third, for mystical theology, the hyperdigital is the truth of the postdigital. The postdigital is not ‘ineffable’ but rather only appears indefinable because of a prior and contestable refusal to analyse the digital, as it predicates the ‘postdigital’ of the plural ‘theologies’, and as it speaks past theology. Once, however, it has been analysed into a circuit of reflections upon the rupture of the digital, the truth of the postdigital can be discovered in the hyper-negative or apophatic judgements of mystical theology. This theological critique of the postdigital has thus been written to prepare the mystical way of the digital or ‘via digitalis’ to read the digital and the postdigital on a spiritual ascent towards a hyperbolic cybernetic grammar, which, following Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite, should be named the ‘hyperdigital’.
Let us make man in our image-a Jewish ethical perspective on creating conscious robots
Authors: Navon Mois
Published: September 2023

The dream of making conscious humanoid robots is one that has long tantalized humanity, yet today it seems closer than ever before. Assuming that science can make it happen, the question becomes: should we make it happen? Is it morally permissible to create synthetic beings with consciousness? While a consequentialist approach may seem logical, attempting to assess the potential positive and negative consequences of such a revolutionary technology is highly speculative and raises more questions than it answers. Accordingly, some turn to ancient and not-so-ancient stories of “automata” for direction. Of the many automata conjured throughout history, if not in matter then in mind, the Golem stands out as one of the most persistent paradigms employed to discuss technology in general and technologically engendered life forms in particular. In this essay, I introduce a novel reading of the Golem paradigm to argue not from consequentialism, but from a deep-seated two-thousand-year-old tradition, the ethical implications of which are wholly deontological.
Investigating the crumpling effect in honeycomb sandwich panels under bending loads using FEA technique
Authors: Saqib N. , Jamil T. , Zai B.A.
Published: September 2023

In this study a representative sandwich panel is investigated statically in two different configurations under similar bending loads. In one configuration serrations are introduced in the honeycomb core while the other one has un-modified core. Three-point bend test (TPBT) has been performed on both configurations through Finite Element Analysis (FEA) technique using ANSYS Workbench considering American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards. In both configurations the same aluminium honeycomb core is modelled having an adhesive layer in between adjacent foils to simulate actual scenario instead of relying on the block properties. Honeycomb core offers highest strength in its thickness (T) direction or the z-direction by virtue of its shape. Any distortion in the shape of the honeycomb adversely affects its strength. During bending the honeycomb core witnesses multidirectional forces consequently leading to distortion or crumpling. The serrations in the structure allow bending of the honeycomb core with minimal loss of strength by limiting the deformation to a specific region consequently preserving the shape as well as the strength of the honeycomb core. The results of both samples are compared with respect to deflection, strain and reaction force. It proves that serrated core is more favourable to be used in bent or curved sandwich panels.
COVID-19 Impacts on Pennsylvania Coordinated Specialty Care for Early Psychosis Participants
Authors: Jumper (Westfall) Megan B. E. , Dong Fanghong , Becker-Haimes Emily M. , Miao Lucy , Conroy Catherine , Sarpal Deepak , Abegunde Courtney , Bennett Melanie , Kohler Christian G. , Calkins Monica E.
Published: September 2023

Objectives:

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic produced swift, extensive changes in daily life, including for first-episode psychosis (FEP) clients. This study examined pandemic-related psychosocial impacts to clients while engaged in Coordinated Specialty Care (CSC). We also examined FEP client vaccination rates, as vaccinations can reduce hospitalizations/deaths, and related worries.

Methods:

Thirty-one clients (45% female; ages 13-39; 26% black, 61% white) from Pennsylvania (PA) CSC outpatient programs completed an online survey evaluating exposure to COVID-19, associated worries, coping, and safety strategies. Descriptive statistics characterized responses and demographic group differences. Additional program evaluation data informed vaccination rates for PA FEP clients.

Results:

Participants reported substantial pandemic-related impacts to daily life. Many clients reported improved safety measures to protect themselves/others from COVID-19. Clients largely denied substantial worries about infection for themselves, reporting greater concern for loved ones. Multiple coping strategies were endorsed, which, with few exceptions, did not differ among demographic groups. FEP clients had a low reported rate of vaccination (28.6%) as of September 2021.

Conclusions:

Observed prolonged pandemic effects may alter FEP client progress in CSC. Stakeholders should be prepared to adjust FEP treatment accordingly in the event of a similar disaster. Concentrated vaccination efforts may be necessary for this population.
Inviscid evolution of a uniform vortex dipole in a strain field
Authors: Hu JiaCheng , Peterson Sean D.
Published: September 2023

Competing models employing anti-parallel vortex collision in search of a finite-time singularity of Euler's equation have arisen recently. Both the vortex sheet model proposed by Brenner et al. (Phys. Rev. Fluids, vol. 1, 2016, 084503) and the ‘tent’ model proposed by Moffatt & Kimura (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 861, 2019, pp. 930–967) consider a vortex monopole exposed to a strain flow to model the evolution of interacting anti-parallel vortices, a fundamental element in the turbulent cascade. Herein we employ contour dynamics to explore the inviscid evolution of a vortex dipole subjected to an external strain flow with and without axial stretching. We find that for any strain-to-vorticity ratio

$\mathcal {E}$

, the constituent vortices compress indefinitely, with weaker strain flows causing flattening to occur more slowly. At low

$\mathcal {E}$

, the vortex dipole forms the well-documented head–tail structure, whereas increasing

$\mathcal {E}$

results in the dipole compressing into a pair of vortex sheets with no appreciable head structure. Axial stretching effectively lowers

$\mathcal {E}$

dynamically throughout the evolution, thus delaying the transition from the head–tail regime to the vortex sheet regime to higher strain-to-vorticity ratios. Findings from this study offer a bridge between the two cascade models, with the particular mechanism arising depending on

$\mathcal {E}$

. It also suggests limits for the ‘tent’ model for a finite-time singularity, wherein the curvature-induced strain flow must be very weak in comparison with the vorticity density-driven mutual attraction such that the convective time scale of the evolution exceeds the core flattening time scale.
Time to complementary feeding initiation and its predictors among children aged 9–23 months in Meket District, Northeast Ethiopia: a Cox Weibull regression
Authors: Alemu Sileshi Fekadu , Zerga Aregash Abebayehu , Yimer Reta Dewau , Tadesse Sisay Eshete
Published: September 2023

.Globally and nationally, only 64⋅5 and 49⋅2 % of infants received solid or semi-solid foods, respectively. The available evidence indicates that the time to initiate complementary feeding practices is still poor and varies by region. The aim of the present study was to assess the time to initiation of complementary feeding and its predictors among children aged 9–23 months in Meket District, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. A community-based retrospective cohort study was conducted from June to July 2022 among 459 systematically selected mothers/caregivers with their children from 9 to 23 months of age. The result of descriptive statistics was reported by table, frequency, Kaplan-Meier curve and percent. The proportional hazard model assumption was checked, and a Weibull regression model was used to see the predictors of timely initiation of complementary feeding. An adjusted hazard ratio with a 95 % confidence interval and a P-value of 0⋅05 were used to declare the significant predictors. The median time of complementary feeding initiation was 6 months. Attending primary education (adjusted hazard ration (AHR) 1⋅8; 95 % CI 1⋅16, 2⋅78), occupation of the mother (AHR 1⋅43; 95 % CI 1⋅04, 1⋅95), home delivery (AHR 1⋅61; 95 % CI 1⋅09, 2⋅37) and birth preparedness (AHR 1⋅37; 95 % CI 1⋅03, 1⋅81) were the predictors of time to complementary feeding initiation. The median time to complementary feeding initiation was consistent with the WHO recommendation. Maternal education, maternal employment, place of delivery and birth preparedness were the predictors of time to initiation of complementary feeding. Therefore, working with the education sector, increasing the delivery rate in health facilities, strengthening counselling on birth preparation, increasing maternity leave until 6 months of age and initiating corner feeding should be part of the complementary feeding practices promotion agenda.
Building a competitive application: exploring the entry routes and educational choices of otolaryngology higher surgical trainees in the UK
Authors: Patel Sachin Tushar , Dusu Keli , Siddiqui Zohaib , Shah Syed Irtiza Ali
Published: September 2023

Background

This cross-sectional study investigates the educational background and entry routes of otolaryngology higher surgical trainees in the UK.

Method

A survey was disseminated to trainees through training programme directors and 60 responses were received.

Results

Most trainees decided to pursue otolaryngology early in their training, with 50 per cent making the decision four or more years before applying for a higher surgical traineeship. Similarly, 68.3 per cent of trainees undertook otolaryngology-themed core surgical training, while two-thirds had an otolaryngology rotation during their foundation training. Most trainees (86.7 per cent) were accepted into core surgical training on their first attempt, and 71.7 per cent gained entry to higher surgical training on their first attempt.

Conclusion

The findings highlight the importance of early exposure to otolaryngology and the pursuit of themed core surgical training programmes for building a competitive application. However, unsuccessful first attempts at core surgical training or higher surgical training should not discourage candidates from pursuing a career in otolaryngology.
Effect of external magnetic field and dust grains on the properties of ion-acoustic waves
Authors: Deka K. , Paul R. , Sharma G. , Das N. , Adhikari S. , Moulick R. , Kausik S.S. , Saikia B.K. , Chin O.H. , Wong C.S.
Published: September 2023

An experimental study to investigate the effect of an external magnetic field on the propagation of ion-acoustic waves (IAWs) has been carried out in hydrogen plasma containing two-temperature electrons and dust grains. It is a first step in understanding the propagation properties of IAWs in such an environment. A low-pressure hot cathode discharge method is chosen for plasma production. The desired two-electron groups with distinct temperatures are achieved by inserting two magnetic cages with a cusp-shaped magnetic field of different surface field strengths in the same chamber. The dust grains are dropped into the plasma with the help of a dust dropper, which gain negative charges by interacting with the plasma. The IAWs are excited with the help of a mesh grid inserted into the plasma. A planar Langmuir probe is used as a detector to detect the IAWs. The time-of-flight technique has been applied to measure the phase velocity of the IAWs. The results suggest that in the presence of a magnetic field, the phase velocity of IAWs increases, whereas introducing the dust particles leads to the lower phase velocity. The magnetic field is believed to have a significant effect on the wave damping. This study will aid in utilising IAWs as a diagnostic tool to estimate plasma parameters in the presence of an external magnetic field.
Selection into maternity leave length and long-run maternal health in Germany
Authors: Bister Lara , Eibich Peter , Rutigliano Roberta , Kühn Mine , van Hedel Karen
Published: September 2023

Existing literature shows the importance of maternity leave as a strategy for women to balance work and family responsibilities. However, only a few studies focused on the long-run impact of maternity leave length on maternal health. Therefore, how exactly they are related remains unclear. We examine women’s selection into different lengths of maternity leave as a potential explanation for the inconclusive findings in the literature on the association between maternity leave and maternal health. This study aims to unravel the association between maternity leave length and mothers’ long-term health in Germany. Drawing on detailed data from the German Statutory Pension Fund (DRV), we estimated the association between maternity leave length and sick leave from 3 years following their child’s birth for 4,243 women living in Germany in 2015 by applying discrete-time logistic regression. Our results show a negative relationship between maternity-leave length and long-term maternal health, likely driven by negative health selection. Long maternity leaves of more than 24 months were associated with worse maternal health in the long run, while a positive association emerged for vulnerable women with pre-existing health problems.
Standardising policy in a nonstandard way: a public/private standardisation process in Norway
Authors: Heyerdahl Anne
Published: September 2023

Standards developed by standard-setting organisations (SSOs) – sometimes labelled private rulemaking – are part of larger practices of governance in most societies yet are underinvestigated from a policy process perspective. Utilising and developing the multiple streams approach (MSA), this article investigates a policy process moving between government and the SSO Standards Norway (SN). The study finds standardisation by SSOs to be an ambiguous institutional arrangement. Strong institutional barriers in theory did not work as such in the case investigated. This article argues that the differentiation between responsibility for process (SN) and content (committee) makes the standardisation process vulnerable. The concept of “institutional deficit” is introduced to describe a potential mismatch between SSOs producing policy in a government-like institution, but where the SSOs are not capable of taking responsibility for policies in a government-like way. This article finds the adjusted MSA useful in this potentially least likely case.
Human-induced mortality an overlooked threat for raptors in Nepal
Authors: Subedi Tulsi R. , Pérez-García Juan M. , Gurung Sandesh , Baral Hem S. , Bhattacharjee Aishwarya , Anadón José D. , Virani Munir Z. , Thomsett Simon , Buij Ralph
Published: September 2023

Raptors play a unique role in ecosystem services and are regarded as effective indicators of ecosystem health. In recent years, varieties of anthropogenic factors have threatened the majority of raptor species worldwide. Nepal is considered a global hotspot for threatened and declining raptor species, but there is limited information on the direct human threats to the raptor populations living in the country. In this paper, we identify important anthropogenic threats to raptors in Nepal based on raptor mortality data collected by powerline surveys and from monitoring of GPS-tagged raptors, complete various reports, and social media. We found that powerlines, poisoning, and persecution, mainly shooting, are significant threats to raptors in Nepal that were largely overlooked previously. We report 54 electrocuted raptors affecting eight species, 310 poisoned raptors of 11 species, and five persecuted raptors of four species; among them vultures are the most affected (>88%). Based on our findings, to safeguard the future of Nepal’s raptors, we propose the retrofitting of power poles and the use of flight diverters on powerlines in the most affected areas to reduce raptor interactions with powerlines, as well as an effective conservation education programme to prevent the use of unintentional poisoning.