bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Randomized Controlled Trial of Awake Transnasal Laser‐Assisted Surgery for Benign Laryngeal Lesions
Authors: Tam Aurora Ka Yue , Leung Natalie Moon Wah , Lee Shui Kwong John , Wei Yifeng , Hu Yunyi , Chan Jason Ying Kuen , Law Thomas
Published: May 2024

Objective

To compare functional and cost‐effectiveness of awake transnasal laser assisted‐surgery versus microlaryngeal surgery for benign laryngeal lesions.

Methods

This was a prospective non‐inferiority randomized controlled trial conducted from May 2021 to December 2022 at two tertiary referral hospitals in Hong Kong. Patients were block‐randomized to receive either awake transnasal laser‐assisted surgery or microlaryngeal surgery, with post‐operative follow‐up in a multidisciplinary voice clinic for 1‐year. Primary outcome was Voice Handicap Index (VHI‐30). Secondary outcomes included operation time, complications, length of stay, peri‐operative discomfort, recurrence, and medical costs.

Results

Sixty‐one patients were randomized to either awake transnasal laser‐assisted surgery (n = 30) and microlaryngeal surgery (n = 31). Both groups had comparable demographics and laryngeal pathologies. Both groups showed significant improvement of VHI‐30 score over time and had comparable post‐operative VHI‐30. Awake transnasal laser‐assisted surgery group had a significantly shorter length of stay (0.5 vs. 1 day) and less throat discomfort (2 vs. 4) compared to microlaryngeal surgery group. Intraoperative complications were more common in microlaryngeal surgery group (14.3% vs. 0%). Otherwise, both groups had similar operative time and recurrence rate. Cost‐analysis showed a significantly lower hospital cost for awake transnasal laser‐assisted surgery (USD 3090) compared to microlaryngeal surgery group (USD 5120).

Conclusion

Awake transnasal laser‐assisted surgery was safe, functionally non‐inferior, as measured by VHI‐30, to microlaryngeal surgery in managing benign laryngeal lesions, while superior to microlaryngeal surgery in peri‐operative discomfort and medical costs.

Level of Evidence

2 Laryngoscope, 134:3732–3740, 2024
“Lombard Effect” and Voice Changes in Adductor Laryngeal Dystonia: A Pilot Study
Authors: Marchese Maria Raffaella , Longobardi Ylenia , Libero Rosa , Yesilli‐Puzella Gamze , D'Alatri Lucia , Galli Jacopo
Published: May 2024

Objectives

The aim was to describe the acoustic, auditory‐perceptive, and subjective voice changes under the Lombard effect (LE) in adductor laryngeal dystonia (AdLD) patients.

Methods

Subjective perception of vocal effort (OMNI Vocal Effort Scale OMNI‐VES), Maximum Phonation Time (MPT), and the perceptual severity of dysphonia (GRBAS scale) were assessed in condition of stillness and under LE in 10 AdLD patients and in 10 patients with typical voice. Speakers were asked to produce the sustained vowel /a/ and to read a phonetically balanced text aloud. Using the PRAAT software, the following acoustic parameters were analyzed: Mean Pitch (Hz), Minimum and Maximum Intensity (dB), the Fraction of Locally Unvoiced Frames, the Number of Voice Breaks, the Degree of Voice Breaks (%), the Cepstral Peak Prominence‐Smoothed (CPPS) (dB).

Results

Under LE, the AdLD group showed a decrease of both G and S parameters of GRBAS and subjective effort, mean MPT increased significantly; in the controls there were no significant changes. In both groups under LE, pitch and intensity of the sustained vowel /a/ significantly increased consistently with LE. In the AdLD group the mean gain of OMNI‐VES score and the mean gain of each parameter of the speech analysis were significantly greater than the controls' ones.

Conclusion

Auditory feedback deprivation obtained under LE improves subjective, perceptual‐auditory, and acoustics parameters of AdLD patients. These findings encourage further research to provide new knowledge into the role of the auditory system in the pathogenesis of AdLD and to develop new therapeutic strategies.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 134:3754–3760, 2024
An Ear Mystery: Conductive Hearing Loss with Normal Acoustic Reflexes and VEMPs
Authors: Bourdillon Alexandra T. , Sharon Jeffrey D.
Published: May 2024

The cause of sudden conductive loss in the absences of other vestibulo‐audiologic abnormalities can be isolated to specific subsites of the ossicular chain using audiometric testing. In the absence of such abnormalities, a rare etiology may be the cause after an inciting trauma. Laryngoscope, 134:4344–4346, 2024
Factors Impacting Provider Treatment Decision‐Making in Early Glottic Cancer
Authors: Shneyderman Matthew , Shen Sarek , Tanavde Ved , Kut Carmen , Kiess Ana P. , Naunheim Matthew R. , Akst Lee M.
Published: May 2024

Objectives

Transoral laser microsurgery (TLMS) and radiotherapy (XRT) are mainstays of treatment for early glottic carcinoma (EGC). Here, we investigated case‐dependent provider treatment preferences and identify factors which impact decision‐making in EGC.

Methods

This cross‐sectional survey of laryngologists, head‐and‐neck surgeons, and radiation oncologists presented five diagrammatic cases of progressively advanced EGC (T1/2, N0). Respondents indicated preference for TLMS or XRT and ranked factors which influenced their recommendation for each case. Analysis utilized descriptive statistics, Fischer's exact tests, and Kruskal–Wallis tests for nonparametric data.

Results

A total of 141 complete responses (69.5% laryngologists) were received. Most respondents practiced in academic settings (93.5%) and within multidisciplinary teams (94.0%). Anterior commissure involvement was the most important a priori tumor factor for case‐independent treatment recommendation (Likert Scale: 4.22/5), followed by Laterality (Likert Scale: 4.02/5). Across all specialties, TLMS was recommended for unilateral T1a lesions. Laryngologists continued recommending TLMS in T2 lesions (41.0%) more than head‐and‐neck surgeons (5.0%) and radiation oncologists (0.0%). Across all cases, survival and voice outcomes were the most important clinical factors impacting treatment decisions. Radiation oncologists weighed voice more heavily than laryngologists in more complex presentations of EGC (rank: 1.6 vs. 2.7, Kruskall–Wallis: p < 0.05).

Conclusions

In more complex clinical presentations of EGC, preference for TLMS compared to XRT differed across specialists, despite similar rankings of factors driving these treatment recommendations. This may be driven by differing experiences and viewpoints on case‐dependent voice outcomes following TLMS versus XRT, suggesting a need for increased understanding of how tumor location and depth impact voice outcomes.

Level of Evidence

5 Laryngoscope, 134:3686–3694, 2024
Which Provider Specialties are Performing Diagnostic Procedures for Dysphagia in the United States?
Authors: Miller Ashley L. , O'Rourke Ashli K.
Published: May 2024

Objective

Care of patients with dysphagia occurs at the intersection of several different medical specialties. Otolaryngologists are uniquely equipped to diagnose dysphagia given their specialized training, yet the extent to which otolaryngologists perform diagnostic procedures for dysphagia is unknown. The objective of this study was to characterize the specialty‐level variation among providers performing diagnostic assessments for dysphagia.

Methods

We performed a retrospective, cross‐sectional analysis of dysphagia care utilization among Medicare beneficiaries from 2013 to 2021 using the CMS Physician & Other Practitioners by Provider and Service dataset. American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC) data reports were used to determine the total number of providers per specialty. For each procedure and specialty, the percentage of providers performing >10 procedures annually and the average annual number of procedures per performing provider (non‐radiology) were calculated.

Results

We analyzed nine common dysphagia diagnostic procedures, including manometry, 24‐h pH testing, flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES), and modified barium swallow study (MBSS). Mean 3.7 (SD 1.4) otolaryngologists (0.04% of practicing) performed manometry testing annually, compared to 493 (69.3) gastroenterologists (3.3%). Less than 1% of practicing otolaryngologists (37.8 (8.0) (0.04%)) and gastroenterologists (51.6 (8.4), 0.35%) performed 24‐h pH testing annually. FEES testing was most commonly performed by otolaryngologists; however, only 48 (6.3) providers (0.51% of practicing) performed these procedures annually. For MBSS, fewer otolaryngologists (5.2 (1.0), 0.05%) perform these assessments than other medical specialties. Each otolaryngologist performed 110.7 (52.5) studies annually, compared to 200.1 (68.0) per gastroenterologist.

Conclusion

Otolaryngologists represent a small fraction of providers performing dysphagia‐related diagnostic procedures despite a unique training within our specialty to comprehensively diagnose and manage this condition.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 134:3698–3705, 2024
Short wave attenuation by a kelp forest canopy
Authors: Lindhart M. , Daly M. A. , Walker H. , Arzeno‐Soltero I. B. , Yin J. Z. , Bell T. W. , Monismith S. G. , Pawlak G. , Leichter J. J.
Published: May 2024

Giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) forests are common along the California coast. Attached on the rocky bottom at depths of approximately 5–25 m, the kelp, when mature, spans the water column and develops dense, buoyant canopies that interact with waves and currents. We present two novel results based on observations of surface gravity waves in a kelp forest in Point Loma, California. First, we report short wave (1–3 s) attenuation in kelp, quantified by an exponential decay coefficient —comparable to the dampening effect of sea ice. Second, we identify seasonal and tidal changes in attenuation, peaking mid‐summer with maximum kelp cover, and during low tide when a greater proportion of the fronds are at the surface. Thus, the naturally occurring surface canopies of kelp forests can act as temporally varying, high‐frequency filters of wave energy.
Single‐shot diffusion trace spectroscopic imaging using radial echo planar trajectories
Authors: Saucedo Andres , Thomas M. Albert
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Demonstrate the feasibility and evaluate the performance of single‐shot diffusion trace‐weighted radial echo planar spectroscopic imaging (Trace DW‐REPSI) for quantifying the trace ADC in phantom and in vivo using a 3T clinical scanner.

Theory and Methods

Trace DW‐REPSI datasets were acquired in 10 phantom and 10 healthy volunteers, with a maximum b‐value of 1601 s/mm2 and diffusion time of 10.75 ms. The self‐navigation properties of radial acquisitions were used for corrections of shot‐to‐shot phase and frequency shift fluctuations of the raw data. In vivo trace ADCs of total NAA (tNAA), total creatine (tCr), and total choline (tCho) extrapolated to pure gray and white matter fractions were compared, as well as trace ADCs estimated in voxels within white or gray matter‐dominant regions.

Results

Trace ADCs in phantom show excellent agreement with reported values, and in vivo ADCs agree well with the expected differences between gray and white matter. For tNAA, tCr, and tCho, the trace ADCs extrapolated to pure gray and white matter ranged from 0.18–0.27 and 0.26–0.38 μm2/ms, respectively. In sets of gray and white matter‐dominant voxels, the values ranged from 0.21 to 0.27 and 0.24 to 0.31 μm2/ms, respectively. The overestimated trace ADCs from this sequence can be attributed to the short diffusion time.

Conclusion

This study presents the first demonstration of the single‐shot diffusion trace‐weighted spectroscopic imaging sequence using radial echo planar trajectories. The Trace DW‐REPSI sequence could provide an estimate of the trace ADC in a much shorter scan time compared to conventional approaches that require three separate measurements.
Musculoskeletal mimics of lumbosacral radiculopathy
Authors: Bateman Emma A. , Fortin Christian D. , Guo Meiqi
Published: May 2024

Electrodiagnostic evaluations are commonly requested for patients with suspected radiculopathy. Understanding lower extremity musculoskeletal conditions is essential for electrodiagnostic medicine specialists, as musculoskeletal disorders often mimic or coexist with radiculopathy. This review delineates radicular pain from other types originating from the lumbosacral spine and describes musculoskeletal conditions frequently mimicking radiculopathy, such as those that cause radiating pain and sensorimotor dysfunction. In clinical evaluation, a history of pain radiating along a specific dermatomal territory with associated sensory disturbance suggests radiculopathy. Physical examination findings consistent with radiculopathy include myotomal weakness, depressed or absent muscle stretch reflexes, focal atrophy along a discrete nerve root territory, and potentially positive dural tension maneuvers like the straight leg raise. However, electrodiagnostic medicine specialists must be knowledgeable of musculoskeletal mimics, which may manifest as incomplete radiation within or beyond a dermatomal territory, non‐radiating pain, tenderness, and give‐way weakness, in the context of a normal neurological examination. A systematic approach to musculoskeletal examination is vital, and this review focuses on high‐yield physical examination maneuvers and diagnostic investigations to differentiate between musculoskeletal conditions and radiculopathy. This approach ensures accurate diagnoses, promotes resource stewardship, enhances patient satisfaction, and optimizes care delivery. Musculoskeletal conditions resembling L1 to S4 radiculopathy are reviewed, emphasizing their distinctive features in history, physical examination, and diagnostic investigation. Among the more than 30 musculoskeletal disorders reviewed are hip and knee osteoarthritis, lumbar facet syndrome, myofascial pain syndrome, greater trochanteric pain syndrome, and plantar fasciitis.
Anderson acceleration with approximate calculations: Applications to scientific computing
Authors: Lupo Pasini Massimiliano , Laiu M. Paul
Published: May 2024

We provide rigorous theoretical bounds for Anderson acceleration (AA) that allow for approximate calculations when applied to solve linear problems. We show that, when the approximate calculations satisfy the provided error bounds, the convergence of AA is maintained while the computational time could be reduced. We also provide computable heuristic quantities, guided by the theoretical error bounds, which can be used to automate the tuning of accuracy while performing approximate calculations. For linear problems, the use of heuristics to monitor the error introduced by approximate calculations, combined with the check on monotonicity of the residual, ensures the convergence of the numerical scheme within a prescribed residual tolerance. Motivated by the theoretical studies, we propose a reduced variant of AA, which consists in projecting the least‐squares used to compute the Anderson mixing onto a subspace of reduced dimension. The dimensionality of this subspace adapts dynamically at each iteration as prescribed by the computable heuristic quantities. We numerically show and assess the performance of AA with approximate calculations on: (i) linear deterministic fixed‐point iterations arising from the Richardson's scheme to solve linear systems with open‐source benchmark matrices with various preconditioners and (ii) non‐linear deterministic fixed‐point iterations arising from non‐linear time‐dependent Boltzmann equations.
Does fortune follow function? Exploring how consumer preferences drive the functional trait composition of the global songbird trade
Authors: Almeida Ryan J. , Mazza Alexandra N. , Lockwood Julie L.
Published: May 2024

Defaunation and extinction undermine the resilience and functioning of ecological communities and ecosystems. Relative to other disturbances, overexploitation for the global wildlife trade presents a unique case of trait‐based selection, as demand for specific individuals is often tied to unique morphological or aesthetic traits desired by consumers (‘market traits’). Because evolutionary history leads to species that share both market and functional traits, we posit that non‐random patterns of exploitation will result in non‐random loss of functional diversity.

We applied a trait‐based framework to the global songbird trade for 4616 species, 148 of which are plausibly threatened by the trade. We quantified select market traits, such as unique coloration and song quality, and ecological traits related to body size, diet, and foraging strategy to assess whether the trade disproportionately threatens particular functional groups. We additionally looked for patterns of association between market traits and functional traits to assess whether selection on certain market traits could drive selection on associated functional traits.

We found that overexploited birds are a distinct functional subset of the global songbird pool, with the trade disproportionately threatening large bodied, frugivorous, and seed eating birds. Across all songbirds, there were multiple non‐random associations between market traits and functional traits, with the strongest associations observed among trade‐threatened birds; this was consistent with our theory that consumer‐driven selection on market traits could theoretically result in selection on functional traits. However, there was mixed evidence for this hypothesis at a global scale, suggesting that disproportionate threat to functional diversity may be more likely in regions where there is heavy demand for associated market traits.

Policy implications. Our results highlight the need for increased focus on the mechanistic drivers of trait‐based selection on the consumer side of wildlife trade, and how patterns of overexploitation can systematically affect ecological communities and ecosystem services.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
An effective and comprehensive optimization strategy for preparing Ginkgo biloba leaf extract enriched in shikimic acid by macroporous resin column chromatography
Authors: Zhang Sijie , Gong Xingchu , Qu Haibin
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Previously reported preparation methods of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (EGBL) have mainly focused on the enrichment of flavonoid glycosides (FG) and terpene trilactones (TT), which led to the underutilization of G. biloba leaves (GBL).

Objectives

To make full use of GBL, in this study, a comprehensive optimization strategy for preparing EGBL by macroporous resin column chromatography was proposed and applied to enrich FG, TT, and shikimic acid (SA) from GBL.

Methodology

Initially, the static adsorption and desorption were executed to select suitable resin. Then, the influences of solution pH were investigated by the static and dynamic adsorption. Subsequently, eight process parameters were systematically investigated via a definitive screening design (DSD). After verification experiments, scale‐up enrichment was carried out, investigating the feasibility of the developed strategy for application on an industrial scale.

Results

It was found that XDA1 was the most appropriate adsorbent for the preparation of EGBL at solution pH 2.0. Furthermore, based on the constraints of the desired quality attributes, the optimized ranges of operating parameters were successfully acquired, and the verification experiments demonstrated the accuracy and reliability of using DSD to investigate the chromatography process for the preparation of EGBL. Finally, magnified experiments were successfully performed, obtaining the EGBL containing 26.54% FG, 8.96% TT, and 10.70% SA, which reached the SA level of EGB761, an international standard EGBL.

Conclusion

The present study not only provided an efficient and convenient approach for the preparation of EGBL enriched in SA but also accelerated efforts to high‐value utilization of GBL.
Describing diversity of real world data sources in pharmacoepidemiologic studies: The DIVERSE scoping review
Authors: Gini Rosa , Pajouheshnia Romin , Gardarsdottir Helga , Bennett Dimitri , Li Lin , Gulea Claudia , Wientzek‐Fleischmann Angelika , Bazelier Marloes T. , Burcu Mehmet , Dodd Caitlin , Durán Carlos E. , Kaplan Sigal , Lanes Stephan , Marinier Karine , Roberto Giuseppe , Soman Kanaka , Zhou Xiaofeng , Platt Robert , Setoguchi Soko , Hall Gillian C.
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Real‐world evidence (RWE) is increasingly used for medical regulatory decisions, yet concerns persist regarding its reproducibility and hence validity. This study addresses reproducibility challenges associated with diversity across real‐world data sources (RWDS) repurposed for secondary use in pharmacoepidemiologic studies. Our aims were to identify, describe and characterize practices, recommendations and tools for collecting and reporting diversity across RWDSs, and explore how leveraging diversity could improve the quality of evidence.

Methods

In a preliminary phase, keywords for a literature search and selection tool were designed using a set of documents considered to be key by the coauthors. Next, a systematic search was conducted up to December 2021. The resulting documents were screened based on titles and abstracts, then based on full texts using the selection tool. Selected documents were reviewed to extract information on topics related to collecting and reporting RWDS diversity. A content analysis of the topics identified explicit and latent themes.

Results

Across the 91 selected documents, 12 topics were identified: 9 dimensions used to describe RWDS (organization accessing the data source, data originator, prompt, inclusion of population, content, data dictionary, time span, healthcare system and culture, and data quality), tools to summarize such dimensions, challenges, and opportunities arising from diversity. Thirty‐six themes were identified within the dimensions. Opportunities arising from data diversity included multiple imputation and standardization.

Conclusions

The dimensions identified across a large number of publications lay the foundation for formal guidance on reporting diversity of data sources to facilitate interpretation and enhance replicability and validity of RWE.
Predicting the glass transition temperature and solubility parameter between rubber/silica and rubber/resins via all‐atom molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Chen Qionghai , Zhang Ziyi , Huang Wanhui , Qu JiaJun , Zhang Qi , Wu Xiaohui , Zhang Liqun , Liu Jun
Published: May 2024

Resin is a widely used additive in rubber composites, which not only improves the processing properties of the composites but also enhances their mechanical properties, rolling resistance and wear resistance. However, there are specific differences in compatibility among resin, rubber and silica, which directly affect the performance of the composite materials. In this work, we first computed the glass transition temperature () of five resins in styrene−butadiene rubber (SBR) composites to prove the reliability of the computational method. Then, we explored the effects of different components and resin types on of SBR and found that the addition of silica can increase due to weak attractive interactions between silica and rubber molecular chains, which restrict the movement of the molecular chains. Furthermore, using solubility parameters, we analyzed the compatibility of rubber and five different resins and found that all five resins had good compatibility with rubber, especially C5/C9 copolymerized petroleum resin and hydrogenated resin. Finally, we revealed that there is a mutually attractive force between resin and silica. In summary, understanding the interactions among resins, silica and rubber is crucial for optimizing the performance of composite materials. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Where have Ukrainian refugees gone? Identifying potential settlement areas across European regions integrating digital and traditional geographic data
Authors: González‐Leonardo Miguel , Neville Ruth , Gil‐Clavel Sofía , Rowe Francisco
Published: May 2024

The escalation of conflict in Ukraine has triggered the largest refugee crisis in Europe since WWII. As of early April 2024, over 5.9 million people have fled Ukraine. Large‐scale efforts have been made to identify the major receiving countries. However, less is known about the subnational areas within host countries where refugees have migrated. Identifying these areas is key for the appropriate allocation of humanitarian aid. By combining digital Facebook API data and traditional data from Eurostat, this paper aims to identify and characterise potential settlement areas of Ukrainians across the main destination countries in Europe. We identify high concentrations of Ukrainians in urban areas with a preexisting diaspora and tight labour market conditions across southern, northern‐west and central Poland and the city of Prague in the Czech Republic. We also find potential settlements in key urban agglomerations with a moderate diaspora and high levels of unemployment in Spain. Only in Romania, refugees seem to have settled in rural areas which show a moderate diaspora but low levels of unemployment. Potential settlement areas in Germany, Italy and the United Kingdom are spread across the country. Surprisingly, we do not identify potential settlement areas in bordering regions with Ukraine within neighbouring countries, suggesting that refugees may have used them as transit points. Our findings point out that different packages of humanitarian assistance may be needed according to the number of refugees and the characteristics of settlement areas.
Reliability analysis of rolling bearings considering failure mode correlations
Authors: Yu Aodi , Ruan Ruixin , Zhang Xubo , He Yuquan , Li Kuantao
Published: May 2024

As an essential mechanical component, a rolling bearing can exhibit multiple failure modes that may occur independently or in correlation with one another. A reliability analysis method that meticulously accounts for the interdependencies among various bearing failure modes is presented in this paper. The examination of wear and fatigue failure mechanisms in rolling bearings is carried out using the Physics of Failure (PoF) approach. By considering the influence of uncertain variables, the limit state functions for individual failure modes are formulated through the application of stress‐strength interference theory. In the context of wear failure, the limit state function is derived using working clearance as the characteristic quantity. On the other hand, the limit state function for fatigue failure is constructed with a focus on fatigue damage accumulation. The Copula function is used to characterize the relationship between wear failure and fatigue failure, and a reliability calculation model for rolling bearings is developed, considering the correlation between these failure modes. Ultimately, the proposed method is utilized to assess the reliability of bearings under two different sets of test conditions. The feasibility of this method is confirmed through test data, demonstrating its effectiveness in predicting bearing reliability. Through the application of this method, engineers can optimize bearing size parameters, select appropriate initial clearances, and enhance the reliability design of bearing.
Patterns of riparian forest disturbance caused by tree dislodging on a subtropical river during large floods
Authors: Sharpe Richard , Brooks Andrew , Olley Jon , Kemp Justine
Published: May 2024

Riparian forests contribute to the resilience and biocomplexity of floodplains but may be catastrophically impacted by large floods. Forest disturbances will expose floodplains to stripping and pulses of large wood recruitment to the floodplain and channel. The widespread uprooting of trees follows hydrodynamic loading from floodwaters and the associated moments of these forces about the tree bases. A tree will uproot when the drag moment exceeds the anchorage resistance capacity. Alternatively, trunks will rupture when the tensile stresses caused by bending exceed the tensile strength of the outer trunk fibres. The likelihood and pattern of trees dislodging during floods on a subtropical river was investigated by developing a tree stability model. The modeling framework included development of a drag moment model and testing several potential formulations for anchorage resistance. Model parameters were calibrated to data collected in experiments and from observations in aerial photographs before and after a large flood in 2011. The prediction accuracy for the adopted tree stability model was 78%. Results from design flood simulations suggest that less than a third of the forest will dislodge even during the largest floods conceivable. This remarkable stability moderates the quantity of large wood recruited from riparian forests during extreme floods, which can impact infrastructure such as bridges and culverts downstream. Low rates of wood recruitment from dislodged floodplain trees in extreme floods suggests bank erosion is the dominant source of wood recruitment in these catchments.
The Internet Doesn't Exist in the Sky: Literacy, AI, and the Digital Middle Passage
Authors: Shaw Mia S. , Toliver S. R. , Tanksley Tiera
Published: May 2024

This article utilizes speculative and visual storytelling alongside interdisciplinary research on artificial intelligence (AI) and algorithmic oppression to engage in a thought experiment on how literacy studies might refuse the oppressionist logics currently undermining the possibilities of AI in literacy education. As technological advancements in education will only continue to increase and as society is yet to ascertain the parameters of an ethical AI system, it is paramount to analyze the past and present and contemplate potential futures, especially those that do not result in violence against Black and Brown peoples. To engage in speculation, we employ Endarkened Storywork (Toliver, 2022) to present an empirically driven, futuristic, science fiction narrative from two perspectives: (1) a US, Black girl who is forced to participate in AI‐structured secondary schooling and (2) a Black girl in Haiti who is forced to live in a country polluted by technological byproduct. This narrative, which is grounded in academic research and news editorials, is accompanied by comic art and followed by a companion analysis detailing the theoretical backdrop of the story. By utilizing multiple methods of scholarly distribution, we provide multiple entry points for readers to engage with this work. We offer a means for readers to see—via story, art, and scholarship—the potential impacts of AI on Black people globally. Additionally, by situating this article in the creative and scholarly realms, we strategically deconstruct traditional forms and methods of knowledge production that have constrained academic research and rendered invisible alternative forms of data representation.
Exploring the impact of green finance and technological innovation on green economic growth: Evidence from emerging market economies
Authors: Ali Asif , Li Jinkai , Zhang Jin , Chishti Muhammad Zubair
Published: May 2024

The sustainable future of emerging market economies (EMEs) lies within achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs), specifically SDG 8, which is linked with green economic growth (GEG) and its determinants, such as green finance (GF) and technological innovation (TI), along with some control variables. However, the current literature has insufficiently addressed these determinants in the context of emerging and developing economies. In this regard, this study deployed the most effective and advanced techniques like cross‐sectional auto‐regressive distributed lags, augmented mean group, and common correlated effects mean group to handle the issues of endogeneity, cross‐sectional dependence, and heterogeneity, which is not an easy task for conventional methods used in existing studies. This study has compiled a panel data set spanning from 2000 to 2019, across 13 EMEs. The main outcomes revealed that GF, TI, and human capital (HC) help in fostering significant GEG, whereas financial development (FD) and economic globalization (ECOGLB) fail. The study underscores the need for policymakers to focus on the promotion of diffusion of GF and enhancement of TI and HC while regulating the FD and ECOGLB process to steer emerging nations toward sustainable development.
Catalyzing change: A framework for equitable health among MSM—insights from South Africa for developing nations
Authors: Ikhile Ikekhwa Albert , Mavhandu‐Mudzusi Azwihangwisi Helen
Published: May 2024

This research paper seeks to close health disparities among MSM in developing countries by presenting a holistic framework that will ensure equal access to healthcare services. Conducted in South Africa with 25 MSM participants, employing qualitative methods and Nvivo software for analysis, the framework integrates WHO's social health determinants and systems theory principles into three dimensions: Input, process, and output. The main components are sensitization training, community engagement, MSM empowerment, health promotion coupled with the look at finances, human resources, and infrastructure. The study underlines the importance of collective action by MSM and other stakeholders for achieving health equity and offers valuable lessons for policy makers and healthcare professionals in terms of inclusiveness and equal health service delivery. It highlights the critical role of inter‐disciplinary strategy comprising of community participation and resource allocation to erase the health inequality among MSM in developing countries.
Better emotion regulation mediates gratitude and increased stress in undergraduate students across a university semester
Authors: Demichelis Olivia P. , Fowler James A. , Young Tarli
Published: May 2024

It is well established that university students are vulnerable to poor mental health. Although increased gratitude has been shown to reduce stress among students, a clearer understanding of key mechanisms underpinning this relationship are needed to better inform theoretical models and potential interventions targeted at improving well‐being in university students. The present study provides the first direct test of whether capacity for emotion regulation mediates the relationship of gratitude with stress at the beginning and middle of the academic semester. This study is also the first to assess this relationship in a cross‐lagged panel mediation model. We used a repeated measures design and a total of 343 undergraduate students completed two online surveys with validated measures of gratitude, stress, and emotion regulation—one at the beginning and the second in the middle of the academic semester. Results showed that emotion regulation mediated the relationship between gratitude and stress at the beginning of semester, and again 6 weeks later. A Clogg's z‐score test suggested that the strength of the indirect effect significantly increased across the two time points. A post‐hoc cross‐lagged panel model found that high gratitude at the beginning of the semester predicted low stress in the middle of the semester via emotion regulation. These data provide novel evidence that emotion regulation may serve as a key protective factor against undergraduate stress. The results provide evidence to support leading theories on how gratitude can reduce stress and promote well‐being in university students. They also highlight the practical importance of strengthening emotion regulation abilities in university students and can be used to inform future targeted interventions to improve well‐being in university students.
C9H7NBrX (X = Cl, Br, NO3): Three Excellent Birefringent Crystals with Distinct Optical Anisotropy Regulated by Anions
Authors: Shen Yaoguo , Ding Mingliang , Chen Gang , Luo Yingjie , Zhao Sangen , Luo Junhua
Published: May 2024

A large optical anisotropy is the most important parameter of birefringent crystals. Integrating π‐conjugated groups with large polarizable anisotropy into target compounds is a common strategy for constructing brilliant birefringent crystals. However, the key problem is to enhance the density of the birefringence‐active units and further arrange them parallelly. In this study, three novel birefringent crystals, C9H7NBrX (X = Cl, Br, NO3), are successfully synthesized by introducing a new birefringence‐active [C9H7NBr]+ unit. Interestingly, these compounds feature similar layered structures but exhibit different optical anisotropies at 550 nm (0.277 for C9H7NBrCl, 0.328 for C9H7NBrBr, and 0.401 for C9H7NBrNO3) owing to the different anions in them. Particularly, the small trigonal planar NO3 anions perfectly fill the interstices of the π‐conjugated [C9H7NBr]+ groups with large optical anisotropy, with the resulting compound C9H7NBrNO3 showing superior optical properties compared to the others. The above findings provide strategies for designing new optical materials with large birefringence by matching birefringence‐active groups of different sizes. Additionally, a new theory for predicting and comparing the polarizability anisotropy of compounds is proposed, which would guide in exploring large birefringent crystals.
A Hierarchical Hydrogel Impregnation Strategy Enables Brittle‐Failure‐Free 3D‐Printed Bioceramic Scaffolds
Authors: Dong Xinyu , Liu Quyang , Gan Soo Wah , Zhuo Hao , Li Tian , Zhao Yijing , Zhai Wei
Published: May 2024

3D‐printed bioceramic scaffolds offer great potential for bone tissue engineering (BTE) but their inherent brittleness and reduced mechanical properties at high porosities can easily result in catastrophic fractures. Herein, this study presents a hierarchical hydrogel impregnation strategy, incorporating poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogel into the macro‐ and micropores of bioceramic scaffolds and synergistically reinforcing it via freeze‐casting assisted solution substitution (FASS) in a tannic acid (TA)–glycerol solution. By effectively mitigating catastrophic brittle failures, the hydrogel‐impregnated scaffolds showcase three‐ and 100‐fold enhancement in mechanical energy absorption under compression (5.05 MJ m−3) and three‐point bending (3.82 MJ m−3), respectively. The reinforcement mechanisms are further investigated by experimental and simulation analyses, revealing a multi‐scale synergy of fracture and fragmentation resistance through macro and micro‐scale fiber bridging, and nano and molecular‐scale hydrogel reinforcement. Also, the scaffolds acquire additional antibacterial and drug‐loading capabilities from the hydrogel phase while maintaining favorable cell biocompatibility. Therefore, this study demonstrates a facile yet effective approach for preparing brittle‐failure‐free bioceramic scaffolds with enhanced biological functionalities, showcasing immense potential for BTE applications.
Study on High‐Temperature Reactions of MgO Refractory with Ti‐Bearing Al‐Killed Steel
Authors: Yang Boran , Deng Zhiyin , Zhu Miaoyong
Published: May 2024

To understand the interaction behaviors between MgO refractory and Ti‐bearing Al‐killed steel grades, laboratory experiments are conducted at different times using different steel grades containing different Ti contents (w[Ti] = 0–0.2%). The results show that when MgO refractory reacts with Ti‐free Al‐killed steel, an MgO–Al2O3 spinel‐reacted layer can be detected at the steel‐refractory boundary. In the case of Ti‐bearing Al‐killed steel, an MgO–Al2O3–TiOx system‐reacted layer is formed at the edge of MgO refractory, and the thickness of the layer and the TiOx content in the layer increase with the increase of reaction time and the dissolved Ti content in steel. Thermodynamic calculations indicate that the MgO–Al2O3–TiOx system layer is a spinel solid solution, and is the stable phase in Ti‐bearing Al‐killed steel. In addition, the melting point of the reacted layer declines with the increase of TiOx. Therefore, the corrosion of MgO refractory by Ti‐bearing steel grades is more serious than that by conventional steel grades, and it also leads to the formation of MgO–Al2O3–TiOx system macroinclusions in steel.
Simultaneous estimation of mometasone furoate and olopatadine hydrochloride by reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Patel Bhoomi , Patel Ruchi
Published: May 2024

The simultaneous determination of Mometasone furoate (MOM) and Olopatadine hydrochloride (OLO) in a combined dose has been developed and validated using a specific, precise, accurate, fast, reliable, and economical high‐performance liquid chromatography technique. Methanol:water:acetonitrile (20:25:55, v/v/v) was used as the mobile phase during the separation. The procedure was performed using a low‐pressure gradient elution on the reversed‐phase Phenomenex C18 column. At 238 nm, separated components were densitometrically measured. The flow rate was fixed at 1.0 mL/min with a continuous run up to 10 min, while the retention time was located near about 3.2 and 6.1 min for OLO and MOM, respectively. The method was validated for Linearity and range, precision, reproducibility, specificity, accuracy, limit of detection, limit of quantification, and robustness as per the International Council for Harmonization Q2(R1) guideline. MOM and OLO regression coefficients (r2) were found to be 0.9994 and 0.9997, over the range of 2.5–15 and 33.25–199.5 µg/mL, respectively. MOM and OLO percentage recoveries were measured to be 99.49 ± 0.14 and 99.98 ± 0.22, respectively. The method can be successfully applied for routine analysis of the quantitative determination of MOM and OLO in a combined dose.
Experimental and theoretical investigation of shear lag effect in twin box‐shaped composite girders of long‐span cable‐stayed bridges
Authors: She Qincong , Yan Donghuang , Chen Changsong , Luo Hua , Wu Linmei , Li Bin , Feng Jianqiang
Published: May 2024

Steel‐concrete composite box girders offer notable advantages such as high stiffness, excellent torsional performance, and light self‐weight, making them prevalent in large‐span bridges, particularly in cable‐stayed configurations. However, a persistent challenge arises from the shear lag effect in the concrete slab within the flanges induced by shearing interactions between the webs and flanges. Limited attention has been devoted to investigating the experimental and theoretical aspects of shear lag in long‐span cable‐stayed bridges with twin box‐shaped composite girders. This research addresses this gap by designing a segmental scale twin box‐shaped composite model specimen to simulate the cable spacing of the main girder in a cable‐stayed bridge, specifically targeting the shear‐lag effect. The study successfully captures the non‐uniform distribution of cross‐sectional strain in the top concrete slab. Subsequently, analytical strain solutions for the composite girder under mid‐span concentrated load and axial load are derived using the energy variation method. The theoretical model's applicability is then calibrated against experimental results. The investigation extends to the in‐situ testing of the Chibi Yangtze River Bridge, the world's largest steel‐concrete composite girder cable‐stayed bridge, boasting a main span of up to 720 m. An established finite element (FE) analysis model for the Chibi Yangtze River Bridge simulates the transverse stress distribution under typical construction conditions of CC6. Comparative analyses between the simulated results, calculated values from elementary beam theory, and the theoretical model against field‐measured values reveal that the FE model provides a more accurate estimation of the shear lag effect in the concrete slab. Notably, the FE model effectively reflects the bridge's characteristics and serves as a baseline for subsequent studies. This comprehensive investigation contributes significantly to the understanding and analysis of shear lag phenomena in twin box composite girders of cable‐stayed bridges. The integration of experimental, analytical, and construction site validations establishes robust tools for engineering design and the construction of safe and serviceable cable‐stayed bridges. The research augments knowledge regarding shear lag behavior and underscores the necessity to appropriately consider its effects in bridge analysis and design.
“It Was Really Sick:” Managing Moral Evaluations during Personality Disorder Interviews
Authors: Lehtinen Maarit
Published: May 2024

Moral aspects are closely related to psychiatric assessment. Personality disorders, especially, form a morally loaded category, as the diagnostic process involves questioning behaviors that go against social norms. Consequently, being interviewed about these matters may be face‐threatening for the patients. However, the study of the role of morality in psychiatric face‐to‐face interactions has been scarce. This paper explores how the patients and nurses orient themselves to moral matters during personality disorder interviews in two Finnish psychiatric outpatient clinics. This article uses Erving Goffman's frame theory to differentiate how different orientations come into play during the interviews. Conversation analysis forms the methodological basis for the work. In personality disorder interviews, it is possible to observe information‐gathering, moral, and everyday interaction frames. The nurses have different approaches in receiving the patients' moral considerations. They may maintain a rather neutral approach, but there are also cases of both challenging tones and more supportive and affiliating responses. Making visible how moral themes are discussed in real life enables a nuanced evaluation of psychiatric practices.
Greening the future: Pioneering lithium battery recycling and beyond in the E‐mobility revolution
Authors: Rajyaguru Yashesh Vijay , Pandey Aditi , Bose Arko , KA Vishnumurthy
Published: May 2024

E‐mobility ecosystem is gaining lot of attention in recent years; hence, the requirement for battery technology is very essential. Amongst the various types of batteries, lithium‐based batteries (LIBs) are the one, which are widely used. Hence, recycling lithium in used batteries is very important in terms of sustainability. Many researchers use a variety of techniques for the recycling of lithium ions from batteries. Along with the recycling of lithium, metals such as cadmium, cobalt, lead, iron, manganese, and aluminum also should be recycled. The present review mainly focuses on the various methods of recycling lithium and other metals using different techniques and processes. Also, the economic benefits of the processes are highlighted, which will significantly help the LIB industry to study and investigate the possibility of recycling LIB to achieve a circular economy.
Sexual identity, poverty, and utilization of government services
Authors: Deal Cameron , Greenberg Shea , Gonzales Gilbert
Published: May 2024

Previous literature has established that lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) people are at least as likely to be poor as heterosexual people, standing in contrast to myths of “gay affluence.” These findings have used datasets limited by either sample size or using partnership status to infer sexual orientation. Using U.S. data from the Household Pulse Survey, which allows us to identify large samples of individuals who self-identify as lesbian, gay, or bisexual, we find that bisexuals have lower incomes and are more likely to experience poverty, and bisexual individuals, gay men, and lesbian women are more likely to report financial hardship. Additionally, we find that LGB people utilize government assistance at higher rates than heterosexual people, even when allowing for selection into poverty status. We propose several explanations for these differentials, drawing on the program non-participation literature, and suggest that social network effects, lessened stigma, and increased reliance on public programs may explain these differences. Finally, we examine receipt of the enhanced child tax credit and find evidence that gay men and lesbian women with children were less likely to receive it than heterosexual men and women with children.