bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Linking as constraints on word classes in a hierarchical lexicon
Authors: Davis Anthony R. , Koenig Jean-Pierre
Published: July 2012

We propose an account of linking patterns that does away with intermediary mechanisms such as thematic or actor/undergoer hierarchies. Instead, constraints on word classes, defined by both syntactic and semantic criteria, encode generalizations between semantic roles and syntactic arguments. We show that the generalizations a linking theory needs to capture can be modeled via the same mechanisms as other lexical generalizations, using conditions specified within the hierarchy of word classes. Each condition provides a partial specification of the mapping between semantic roles and syntactic arguments. We argue that this constraint-based, verb-class-based view of linking offers several empirical advantages: partial regularities and exceptions are easily accommodated, fine-grained semantic distinctions relevant to linking are countenanced, and cross-cutting similarities between semantic and syntactic verb classes are economically captured.
Topic and topic-comment constructions in Mandarin Chinese
Authors: Shi Dingxu
Published: July 2012

This article attempts to provide a precise definition for topic and to derive most of the properties of topic from this definition. The main assumption is that the topic-comment construction is a syntactic device employed to fulfill certain discourse functions. Topic is always related to a position inside the comment. Since topic has no independent thematic role but always depends on an element inside the comment for its thematic role, it has no syntactic function of its own. This dependence relationship is subject to locality constraints.
Adult and child understanding of simple reciprocal sentences
Authors: Philip William
Published: July 2012

According to a standard view, the reciprocal pronoun has a fixed semantic value that defines a relation of weak reciprocity, and any stronger readings it may appear to have are pragmatic or lexical interactive effects (Fiengo & Lasnik 1973, Langendoen 1978). Dalrymple et al. 1995 counterproposes that the reciprocal pronoun has a flexible semantic value defining a range of readings of varying logical strength and that a semantic principle determines the reading required for a given reciprocal sentence on the basis of the meaning of its predicate. This article presents psycholinguistic evidence from adult speakers of English, Norwegian, and Dutch, and from child speakers of Dutch and Norwegian, which supports Dalrymple et al.'s analysis of the lexical content of the reciprocal pronoun but which also strongly suggests that the interpretive principle they posit is pragmatic rather than semantic in nature.
Compositional idioms
Authors: Pitt David , Katz Jerrold J.
Published: July 2012

In this article we argue that there is a large class of expressions, typified by plastic flower, stuffed animal and kosher bacon , that have a unique semantics combining compositional, idiomatic and decompositional interpretation. These expressions are compositional because their constituents contribute their meanings to the meanings of the wholes; they are idiomatic because their interpretation involves assigning dictionary entries to nonterminal elements in their syntactic structure; and they are decompositional because their meanings have proper parts that are not the meanings of any of their syntactic constituents. We argue that extensionalist semantics, on which the meaning of an expression is a function from domains to extensions in those domains, cannot provide an adequate account of the semantics of these expressions, and that supplementation with a theory of pragmatic interpretation does not improve the situation. We show how our account explains the intensionality and the productivity of these expressions.
The successful introductory course: Bridging the gap for the nonmajor
Authors: Spring Cari L. , Moses Rae , Flynn Michael , Steele Susan , Joseph Brian D. , Webb Charlotte
Published: July 2012

The introductory linguistics course is the primary antidote that academic linguists can offer to commonly held, yet basically wrong-headed, views about language. It is essential, therefore, that this course be meaningful to the nonmajor student. Through a series of five vignettes, each by a different author and representing a variety of institutional types, we explore options other than 'baby' theoretical linguistics to the introductory linguistics course. A fundamental conclusion to these vignettes is that success in reaching the nonmajor turns on taking account of the institutional context and the student population and tailoring courses to be sensitive to these variables. This conclusion is driven home with an administrative view as to why every academic linguist and linguistics program should find the search for a successful introductory course compelling.
An analysis of the German perfekt
Authors: Klein Wolfgang
Published: July 2012

The German Perfekt has two quite different temporal readings, as illustrated by the two possible continuations of the sentence Peter hat gearbeitet in i, ii, respectively: i.    Peter hat gearbeitet und ist müde. Peter has worked    and is tired. ii.    Peter hat gearbeitet und wollte nicht gestört werden. Peter has worked    and wanted not    to be    disturbed. The first reading essentially corresponds to the English present perfect; the second can take a temporal adverbial with past time reference ('yesterday at five', 'when the phone rang', and so on), and an English translation would require a past tense ('Peter worked/was working'). This article shows that the Perfekt has a uniform temporal meaning that results systematically from the interaction of its three components—finiteness marking, auxiliary and past participle—and that the two readings are the consequence of a structural ambiguity. This analysis also predicts the properties of other participle constructions, in particular the passive in German.
The Modern Greek Collections at Princeton University
Authors: Lindau Rebecka
Published: July 2012

Princeton University has one of the most extensive collections of materials on Hellenic Studies in the world. It is particularly strong in modern Greek studies which serves the university's Program in Hellenic Studies. Library holdings in the field have been expanded over the years and now encompass many different formats and disciplines. A number of projects connected to the collections have been mounted in the past and several are planned for the future. In addition, a Library Committee has been established by the Modern Greek Studies Association (MGSA) and several meetings of this committee have already been held including a panel at the Association's biannual symposium in 2005.
Goethe's "Wanderer's Night Song" in Vizyenos
Authors: Wyatt William F.
Published: July 2012

Vizyenos twice quotes Goethe's Wandrers Nachtlied in his story, in Greek, and in his own translation. A comparison of the translation with Goethe's original reveals that Vizyenos has adapted rather than translated the original. Vizyenos introduces the ideas of a partner and the sleep of death, matters not contained in Goethe's poem, thus fitting the poem thematically to his own story. Story and poem interact, and the Goethe-Vizyenos poem influences the development of the story.
The Private Origins of Public Higher Education in Greece
Authors: Patrinos Harry Anthony
Published: July 2012

Greece is one of many countries where the government restricts the operation of community-run and private schools. In times of stagnating social expenditures and excess demand for higher education, however, the search for alternative financing methods is imperative. In this paper, the history of private education in Greece is briefly outlined. Also, a brief analysis of the nascent, unrecognized, fee-collecting institutions that have been attracting increasing numbers is attempted.
States, Results, and the Active/Passive/Middle Continuum in Modern Greek
Authors: Manney Linda
Published: July 2012

Active and middle voice inflection within several classes of change of state and stative events can be explained in terms of the semantic notions affected subject and reduced energy. These notions are incorporated within a cognitive model of voice and transitivity that views both active and middle voice constructions as basic and non-derived. Active and middle voice are the manifestations of opposite poles of an energy continuum whereby active voice reflects greater energy and middle voice less energy. In highly intransitive events, such as pure states, a more abstract analogue of a physical energy continuum can be manifested as emphasis versus lack of emphasis or presence of volition versus absence of volition. Middle inflected passive constructions are functionally rehted to middle inflected changes of state because of the low degree of agency represented in both. The difference between passive and middle constructions is therefore graded rather than absolute, since both typically represent agentless events.
Demythologizing Sisyphus, or Toward True Educational Reform
Authors: Psacharopoulos George
Published: July 2012

Going beyond labels and stereotypes, this article tries to identify the real sources of malaise in the Greek educational system and to discuss a number of alternative policies that could revive that system. The major problems are the constitutional prohibition against private universities, tuition-free attendance at public universities, constrained public resources for education, and the effective numerical limit for university entry. These have created a real impasse. Attempts at educational reform have consisted of legislation regarding details whereas what is needed is a drastic reform that addresses the incentives perceived by university students and staff. Selective tuition fees in public universities and removal of the prohibition against private universities would help to bring the system back into equilibrium, to attract better staff, and to improve the quality of instruction.
Handless Maidens, Modern Texts: A New Reading of Cervantes’s the Captive’s Tale
Authors: Quinn Mary B
Published: July 2012

“La leyenda de la doncella Carcayona” is a Morisco version of the folktale, “The Handless Maiden.” In the legend, Carcayona rebels against her father’s religion and converts to Islam. Yet, far from an unknown tale that merely circulated among a marginalized people, Carcayona’s story is at the center of one of the most famous episodes of Don Quijote, I , the Captive’s Tale. This intertextuality is crucial, not only for our understanding of the Captive’s Tale, but also because it registers the arrival of a modern moment for Spain, one that depicts complications and failure, both for individuals and the nation.
Arguedas’ Zorros and the Mimeography of Canto
Authors: Lybeer Edward
Published: July 2012

Jose María Arguedas’ last novel, El Zorro de Arriba y El Zorro de Abajo , has often been read as a prime example of “indigenous” fiction. In contrast to these valid, though limited accounts, this essay situates Arguedas’ text within the context of recent debates about globalization and literary transnationalism. To this end, I first offer an analysis of Arguedas’ distinction between palabra and canto , and subsequently connect the concept of canto to the novel’s rare, though crucial allusions to the development of cybernetic technologies.
Writing Resistance through Melancholy: Reinaldo Arenas’s El palacio de las blanquísimas mofetas and Otra vez el mar
Authors: Yozell Erica Miller
Published: July 2012

Reinaldo Arenas’s El palacio de las blanquísimas mofetas and Otra vez el mar, the second and third novels, respectively, of his pentagonía trace the stories of the highly imaginative, frustrated protagonists in the last moments of the Batista regime, just before the triumph of the Cuban Revolution, and in the later years of the institutionalized revolutionary state. Like much of Arenas’s writing, these novels depict characters that are often viewed as escaping their material conditions of subjugation by means of the highly imaginative narrations. At the same time, much of the force of the novels stems from the corrosive negativity of the discourses. I argue that in these two novels, Arenas writes a negative that resists and escapes, but does not establish; it tries to be oppositional without, in the process, further defining that to which it is opposed. He does so, I would argue, by articulating in these works a form of discursive melancholy that serves as a means of both resistance and escape.
A Failed Reader Redeemed: "Spring in Fialta" and The Real Life of Sebastian Knight
Authors: Nakata Akiko
Published: July 2012

"Spring in Fialta" is one of Nabokov's stories whose narrating protagonist might be characterized as a "failed reader." Victor ultimately loses his lover, Nina, because he cannot decode the ubiquitous signs of her true self and her destination from what he gleans during their last day together in Fialta. The article also considers a scene from The Real Life of Sebastian Knight , in which Victor, returning as V, redeems himself as a reader, and in which the person he reads, Nina Rechnoy, can be seen as the reincarnation, in a negative key, of the Nina of Fialta. The border-crossing of the two characters from short story to novel can be partially explained by reference to the details of Nabokov's life at the time both texts were composed.
The Vanished Cane and the Revised Trick: A Solution for Nabokov's "Lips to Lips"
Authors: Akikusa Shun'ichiro
Published: July 2012

Although Nabokov's short story "Lips to Lips" is usually considered to be an implied satire of the events and personalities in the colony of Russian émigré writers in Berlin (as Nabokov himself suggests in the commentary to the English version), by keeping in mind literary tricks of the sort Nabokov used in "The Vane Sisters" and by comparing the Russian version of "Lips to Lips" with its English version, this paper discloses a certain trick in the story suggestive of a rather different reading. When Nabokov translated the story into English, he revised the trick because the original Russian-language trick is based on a grammatical fact that resists translation into English. The approach taken in this paper reveals the advantages of comparing the Russian and English versions of Nabokov's works.
The Real Life of Sebastian Knight and the Modernist Impasse
Authors: Norman Will
Published: July 2012

This article takes issue with the notion that Nabokov ignored or repressed the historical in his fiction. It proposes that Nabokov's formal innovation in The Real Life of Sebastian Knight constitutes a complex response to modernity. Through examination of the novel's historical-cultural location, its high modernist intertexts, and its manipulation of various forms of temporality, I demonstrate how Nabokov here engages with "the modernist impasse," a perceived crisis in autonomous, experimental fiction during the 1930s.
Signs of Reading and the Subject of Love in Stendhal's De l'amour
Authors: Hunter Angela N.
Published: July 2012

Stendhal's De l'amour (1822) attempts to describe and classify the experience of romantic love. I show that love is a semiotic structure in De l'amour , and that the lover portrayed there becomes a reader through the process of crystallization – the motor of romantic love in Stendhal's analysis. The lover's fundamental dilemma is a negotiation of the semiosis of crystallization. The lack of stable signs of love in this semiotic system creates profound consequences for the lover, revealing the repetitive, mechanistic structure of doubt in his reading, and destabilizing the binary structures upon which he typically relies for securing the subject position. De l'amour does more than portray and analyze the lover's fundemantal dilemma: it enacts it textually, thereby transforming a discourse on love into a crystallizing reading of love. (ANH)
Le Struggleforlife : Contesting Balzac through Darwin in Zola, Bourget, and Barrès
Authors: Lyle Louise
Published: July 2012

Social Darwinist themes feature in late nineteenth-century French ideological fiction from across the political spectrum. This article considers the evolutionary perspectives underpinning the traditionalist, anti-Republican ideology of the right-wing reactionary authors Maurice Barrès and Paul Bourget in Les Déracinés (1897) and L'Étape (1902 ) respectively. Their appropriation of evolutionary ideas in these texts may be seen as an attempt to wrest the mantle of scientific exclusivity away from both the secular and democratic political establishment of the Third Republic and the literary naturalists led by Émile Zola. It may also, however, be seen as a means by which they assert their claim to be recognized as the true inheritors of the political, scientific and literary legacy of Honoré de Balzac. (LL)
"Le Charbon ardent" in Balzac's La Recherche de l'Absolu and "Des artistes"
Authors: Uhden Raina F.
Published: July 2012

Honoré de Balzac's manipulation of the biblical term charbon ardent in his 1830 articleentitled "Des artistes" and in his 1834 novel La Recherche de l'Absolu exposes his effortsto redefine the artist. The "live coal" marks the moment of poetic inspiration in "Desartistes" and, in La Recherche de l'Absolu , is applied to the transfer of knowledge fromone alchemist to another. The biblical image of the coal, functioning both metaphorically and literally, thus applied to the artist and to the alchemist, echoes the academicdefinition of the artist. The Dictionnaire de l'Académie française included the alchemistin its definition of the term up through the fifth edition (1798), although thisreference is effaced by the sixth edition (1835). Textual analysis of the application of thebiblical image in these two texts demonstrates how Balzac intends to redefine the artistvia the process of creation through decomposition. (RFU)
Heat Waves in Southern California: Are They Becoming More Frequent and Longer Lasting?
Authors: Tamrazian Arbi , LaDochy Steve , Willis Josh , Patzert William C.
Published: July 2012

Los Angeles is experiencing more heat waves and also more extreme heat days. These numbers have increased by 3.09°F (1.72°C) per century and 22.8 per century occurrences, respectively. Both have more than tripled over the past 100 years as a consequence of the steady warming of Los Angeles. Our research explores the daily maximum and minimum temperatures from 1906 to 2006 recorded by the Department of Water and Power (DWP) downtown station and Pierce College, a suburban valley location. The average annual maximum temperature in Los Angeles has warmed by 5.0°F (2.8°C), while the average annual minimum temperature has warmed by 4.2°F (2.3°C). The greatest rate of change was during the summer months for both maximum and minimum temperature, with late fall and early winter having the least rates of change. There was also an increase in heat wave duration. Heat waves lasting longer than six days occurred regularly after the 1970s but were nonexistent from the start of 1906 until 1956, when the first six-day heat wave was recorded. While heat days have increased dramatically in the past century, cold days, where minimum temperature is below 45°F (7.2°C), show a slight decreasing trend.
Ambiguous Landscapes of the San Pornando Valley
Authors: Danta Darrick
Published: July 2012

The San Fernando Valley is renowned as the center of adult film production. While the industry accounts for a significant share of Valley employment, revenue, and land use, it remains virtually invisible on the physical landscape (although its webscape presence is overwhelming). Each phase of the industry’s history has been driven by technology: from the 1970s of the first studios in Van Nuys producing shot-on-film movies; through the 1980s and 1990s heyday of studios in Chatsworth utilizing VHS modes; to the more diffuse distribution of today’s digitally oriented production. The Valley has retained its dominance of the industry, though other locales in this and other countries are gaining ground; likewise, the industry’s labor force remains largely in place, though female talent is increasingly moving to more upscale southern California locations or even to other states. The industry has not functioned in isolation: from the beginning were talent agencies, which supplied the performers; warehousing and duplication facilities; retail outlets; adult toy manufacturing; and gentlemen’s clubs, where performers find employment before, during, and after their movie careers. Currently, adult movie production is becoming more global, as is consumption of adult entertainment.
The Purloined Philosopher: Youzi on Learning by Virtue
Authors: Haines William A.
Published: July 2012

This essay is the first general study of the work of You Ruo or Youzi (fl. 470 B.C.E. ). It also defends his views and argues that he was an important independent figure in the origins of Confucianism. Youzi is thought to have been a disciple of Confucius, and his work is studied mainly for its insight into Confucius. Hence, his work is seriously misunderstood. In fact Youzi's main views were not shared by Confucius, and the evidence suggests that Youzi did not study with Confucius. Youzi's surviving writings form a tightly coherent whole in style and substance. Together they sketch a powerful general vision of the psychology of the virtues and use it to generate parallel solutions to four basic moral dilemmas. Youzi's thought is highly plausible and directly relevant to current issues in moral theory and practice.
Late December
Authors: Millar Joseph
Published: July 2012

This 40th anniversary issue edited by best-selling novelist Alice Hoffman
(The Dovekeepers, Practical Magic) features new work from Ursula K. Le
Guin, Marge Piercy, Jennifer Haigh, Ann Hood, and Wally Lamb; an interview
with Elizabeth Bishop from the archives; and a story from Ploughshares '
first Emerging Fiction Writer's Award winner Thomas Lee.
Messing about in Boats: A Plan B Essay by Michael Anania
Authors: Anania Michael
Published: July 2012

This 40th anniversary issue edited by best-selling novelist Alice Hoffman
(The Dovekeepers, Practical Magic) features new work from Ursula K. Le
Guin, Marge Piercy, Jennifer Haigh, Ann Hood, and Wally Lamb; an interview
with Elizabeth Bishop from the archives; and a story from Ploughshares '
first Emerging Fiction Writer's Award winner Thomas Lee.
Code Blue
Authors: Hood Ann
Published: July 2012

This 40th anniversary issue edited by best-selling novelist Alice Hoffman
(The Dovekeepers, Practical Magic) features new work from Ursula K. Le
Guin, Marge Piercy, Jennifer Haigh, Ann Hood, and Wally Lamb; an interview
with Elizabeth Bishop from the archives; and a story from Ploughshares '
first Emerging Fiction Writer's Award winner Thomas Lee.
Tomato Season
Authors: Blank Ruth
Published: July 2012

This 40th anniversary issue edited by best-selling novelist Alice Hoffman
(The Dovekeepers, Practical Magic) features new work from Ursula K. Le
Guin, Marge Piercy, Jennifer Haigh, Ann Hood, and Wally Lamb; an interview
with Elizabeth Bishop from the archives; and a story from Ploughshares '
first Emerging Fiction Writer's Award winner Thomas Lee.
An Irish Word: and The Fly
Authors: McGrath Campbell
Published: July 2012

This 40th anniversary issue edited by best-selling novelist Alice Hoffman
(The Dovekeepers, Practical Magic) features new work from Ursula K. Le
Guin, Marge Piercy, Jennifer Haigh, Ann Hood, and Wally Lamb; an interview
with Elizabeth Bishop from the archives; and a story from Ploughshares '
first Emerging Fiction Writer's Award winner Thomas Lee.
My Opera Glasses
Authors: Summer Jane
Published: July 2012

This 40th anniversary issue edited by best-selling novelist Alice Hoffman
(The Dovekeepers, Practical Magic) features new work from Ursula K. Le
Guin, Marge Piercy, Jennifer Haigh, Ann Hood, and Wally Lamb; an interview
with Elizabeth Bishop from the archives; and a story from Ploughshares '
first Emerging Fiction Writer's Award winner Thomas Lee.
The Years
Authors: Margolin Anna
Published: July 2012

This 40th anniversary issue edited by best-selling novelist Alice Hoffman
(The Dovekeepers, Practical Magic) features new work from Ursula K. Le
Guin, Marge Piercy, Jennifer Haigh, Ann Hood, and Wally Lamb; an interview
with Elizabeth Bishop from the archives; and a story from Ploughshares '
first Emerging Fiction Writer's Award winner Thomas Lee.
Safety
Authors: Leary Ann
Published: July 2012

This 40th anniversary issue edited by best-selling novelist Alice Hoffman
(The Dovekeepers, Practical Magic) features new work from Ursula K. Le
Guin, Marge Piercy, Jennifer Haigh, Ann Hood, and Wally Lamb; an interview
with Elizabeth Bishop from the archives; and a story from Ploughshares '
first Emerging Fiction Writer's Award winner Thomas Lee.
Paramour
Authors: Haigh Jennifer
Published: July 2012

This 40th anniversary issue edited by best-selling novelist Alice Hoffman
(The Dovekeepers, Practical Magic) features new work from Ursula K. Le
Guin, Marge Piercy, Jennifer Haigh, Ann Hood, and Wally Lamb; an interview
with Elizabeth Bishop from the archives; and a story from Ploughshares '
first Emerging Fiction Writer's Award winner Thomas Lee.
Endopsychic Allegories
Authors: Rickels Laurence A.
Published: July 2012

Philip K. Dick's Valis trilogy staggers as seemingly separable
phases the elements he metabolized all together in such works as Ubik and
The Three Stigmata of Palmer Eldritch . From the intersection crowded with
science fiction, schizophrenia, and mysticism in Valis (the novel) we pass
through the fantasy genre (in The Divine Invasion ) as the temptation that
science fiction must repeatedly overcome and end up inside the recent past
of the scene of writing of The Transmigration of Timothy Archer , which
we traverse via modern Spiritualist attempts to keep in touch with the
departed. With the Valis trilogy's cross-sectioning of the psy-fi condition as
illustration and inspiration, the essay revisits--as endopsychic allegory--the
stations of Freud's and Benjamin's crossing with or through Schreber, and
concludes with a reading of Dick's "first" science fiction novel, Time Out of
Joint , in which the author deliberately seeks to engage or stage Schreber's
narrative.--lar
Changing Patterns of Job Entitlements in Academe: Labour Market Entry
Authors: Rosenblum Barbara Rubin , Rosenblum Gerald
Published: July 2012

Using the general work experience in Canada and the United
States as a point of departure, the authors explore shifts in the
characteristics of cohorts of newly hired instructors at Canadian
universities from 1977 to 1991. They show a pattern of changes in
academic job entitlements and major contributions of teaching
outside the tenure stream (i.e., in external labour markets). These
shifts include increased difficulty of access to academic
appointments, manifested by increasing age of entrants, higher
credentials, and a decreasing proportion of senior hires. Women's
accelerated entrance to academe coincides with reduced options
and a future of much more chaotic and difficult career trajectories,
which they, as well as male entrants, must confront.
Patterns of Finance: Revolution, Evolution, or More of the Same?
Authors: Johnstone D. Bruce (Donald Bruce)
Published: July 2012

This article addresses the prospect of revolutionary change in
patterns of financing American higher education in the next decade.
It begins with a consideration of current patterns of financing that
may or may not be changed profoundly, then examines ways they
might change, and concludes with an appraisal of the likelihood
that, or circumstances under which, radical changes might or might
not take place.
Postmodernism and the Sociological Study of the University
Authors: Davies John
Published: July 2012

Given the provocative views that postmodernists advance about
universities, those engaged in sociological work on universities
must critically engage this scholarship. This essay concludes that,
although postmodernists offer some highly insightful views, the
inherent limitations of postmodernism prohibit the kind of analysis
necessary to comprehend what ought to be pivotal to any sociology
of universities--the relationships between academic institutions and
the issues of power, privilege, and equity.
The Dynamics of Multidisciplinary Research Teams in Academia
Authors: Thurow Amy Purvis , Abdalla Charles William , Younglove-Webb Julie , Gray Barbara
Published: July 2012

Although multidisciplinary research teams are well equipped to
attack complex problems, actually succeeding in such endeavors
is not so easy. This paper explores problems that may arise in
multidisciplinary research teams, develops a grounded theory, and
offers suggestions to help multidisciplinary research teams reach
their goals. It also offers advice to educational administrators about
how they can support multidisciplinary efforts in overcoming these
potential difficulties.
The Special Ethicality of the Academy
Authors: Johnstone D. Bruce (Donald Bruce)
Published: July 2012

Drawing on the recent works of Donald Kennedy, Robert Rosenzweig, and George Dennis O'Brian, Johnstone argues for a renewal of faith in the special ethicality of the academic profession, particularly within the research university, and urges a strengtheni
ng of this quality rather than the current fascination with more governmental regulation or heightened market forces to assure the proper balance between the university's (appropriately) multiple, complex, and subtle missions.
A View from the Bridge: Higher Education at the Macro-Management Level
Authors: Berdahl Robert Oliver
Published: July 2012

Two recent books on multi-campus and statewide governance and coordination, while providing interesting overviews of systems already functioning in American higher education, make strong cases for continuing the trend toward centralized coordination. However, this review essay points out an apparent unwillingness in both volumes to consider "alternative futures."
The Boundaries of Industrial Research: Making Transistors at RCA, 1948–1960
Authors: Choi Hyungsub
Published: July 2012

As RCA made its initial foray into the field of solid-state electronics in the late 1940s, it deliberately broke down the boundary between the laboratory and the factory, showing extraordinary organizational flexibility in the early years of its transistor R&D program. By the end of the 1950s, however, RCA was utterly compartmentalized, as the laboratory moved into advanced research of cutting-edge devices and the operating divisions engaged in developmental work on automating the transistor assembly process. This article situates this transition within the context of the broader changes in the U.S. political economy. Political, economic, and technological factors—including postwar demobilization, rising military funding for industrial R&D, antitrust consent decrees, and rapid technical change—account for the rise and fall of organizational flexibility at RCA during the 1950s.
Roll yo' hips—don't roll yo' eyes : Angularity and Embodied Spectatorship in Zora Neale Hurston's Play, Cold Keener
Authors: Cayer Jennifer A
Published: July 2012

As a student of Franz Boas, Zora Neale Hurston’s performative response to her anthropological training is uniquely situated between theatre and anthropology. This essay focuses on her work as a playwright and lifelong pursuits in the theatre. It argues how Hurston’s continual reworking of the relationship between the performer and spectator via a unique angular dramatic structure—derived from a broad repertoire of visual art and dance and characterized by sudden shifts in theme and audience perspective—was an attempt to solve a growing uneasiness with the authoritative elements of her own ethnographic practice. The essay analyzes how angularity operates on the levels of theme, staged space, and perspective in Cold Keener; explores her relationship to both Harlem Renaissance and contemporary critical interlocutors; provides a brief history of Hurston’s theatrical aspirations and actual work in the New York theatre; and suggests the ways in which theatre is a natural outgrowth of her work as a folklorist and is a significant aesthetic intervention.
Al-halqa in Arabic Theatre: An Emerging Site of Hybridity
Authors: Amine Khalid , Carlson Marvin A.
Published: July 2012

Traditional Western scholarship on Arabic theatre has borne a strong colonialist imprint, interpreting such theatre almost entirely as a form borrowed from Europe and essentially developed according to European practice. In the later twentieth century, however, more attention has been paid both by Arab scholars and dramatists to performance techniques and practices from their own culture. Of particular importance has been the circular space, the halqa, widely utilized in popular performance, where the audience gathers around and interacts with performers at their center. This essay provides a brief history of the use and symbolism of the halqa, and then discusses its utilization by a number of leading modern dramatists and directors from across the Arab world—from Tayeb Saddiki in Morocco and Abdelkader Alloula in Algeria, to Sa’dallah Wannus in Syria. Major works of each of these dramatists are analyzed to show how each has employed the traditional halqa as a means to explore liminality, hybridity, and postcolonial agency. In order to retrieve this performance tradition, theatre in the Arab world has become more and more improvisational and self-reflexive, even though such retrieval is still negotiated within the paradoxical parameters of appropriating and dis-appropriating the Western models. This modern effort started with the call for an original/autochthonous Egyptian/Arabic theatre by Yusif Idris, whose masterpiece, al-Farafir (The Flipflops), is still considered a central reference, with a strong aura of authority all over the Arab world. Idris’s challenge, in turn, has led some to the “worship of ancestors” and to a ceaseless quest for purity in the name of “authentic” Arabic theatre. The reality, however, is that even so-called indigenous performing traditions such as that of the halqa are cultural constructs undergoing continual change.
'They know me, I will not get any job': public participation, patronage, and the sedation of civil society in a Capetonian township
Authors: Staniland Luke
Published: July 2012

South Africa has made the participation of communities and civil society in governance part of its project for post-apartheid transformation and development. However, this policy commitment has mirrored a decline of many once strong civil society organisations. Here this contradiction is investigated through an examination of residential civil society – street committees, civics and social movements – operating in the township of Guguletu outside Cape Town. It is found that whilst policy seeks to promote civil society empowerment it actually serves to undermine it. The fact that civil society is placed in a subordinate position in its relationship with political society and that political society dominates the distribution and administration of local government resources creates the possibility for patronage and ties many residents and civil society organisations to elected politicians, causing them to refrain from voicing discontent. This in turns leads to a demobilisation within civil society. An examination of incidences of protest and contentious political action in the township is used to further highlight the role of current policy in weakening the ability of civil society to provide citywide visions of development. The fact that participation is performed and resources distributed locally serves to fragment claim making and this inhibits the linking up of civil society and residents across the city as collective identities coalesce around narrow geographical spaces. The consequences of this for strategies of community participation are then considered and it is found that there are questions surrounding the extent to which participatory policy, as currently enacted, can realise the goals it sets for itself.
Party politics, elite accountability and public participation: Ward committee politics in the Msunduzi Municipality
Authors: Piper Laurence , Deacon Roger
Published: July 2012

The paper explores whether ward committees are in fact the non-partisan structures for community participation in local government stipulated by legislation and official policy. Findings from the municipality of Msunduzi suggest that, where they actually function, ward committees are dominated by local political leaders. In most IFP wards and some ANC wards, ward committees are simply extensions of the local party branch, and reflect the pathologies associated with the 'dominant party syndrome'. In other wards there is both more party pluralism and less direct party control, but often intra-party factionalism or local political rivalries dominate the composition and operation of ward committees. In short, ward committees allow for little community voice alternative to dominant ward political leadership.
Space matters: identity, justice and democracy at the ward level in South African cities
Authors: Gervais-Lambony Philippe
Published: July 2012

This paper is based on field research in Ekurhuleni Metro, Vosloorus (Wards 44 and 47). The recent demarcation of wards and the creation of an attendant system of political representation (ward councillors) and participation structures (ward committees), was intended to enhance democratic participation. However, this can only be fully achieved if the population of a ward has a strong sense of ownership of both their spatial community and local politics. But all wards are socially and culturally diverse. The questions then become: how is this diversity dealt with in the political sphere? What are the dynamics of identification for the inhabitants of the wards? How can local democracy, in the context of internal diversity, be just, in the sense of integrating diverse communities or of facilitating expression of differences? The paper argues that in some ways diversity is recognised, and given the political space for expression but some identities are not accepted, and amongst these, the socio-spatial identifications internal to the wards are treated with ambivalence. Yet while the importance of spatial division is not acknowledged, it is still very important in the functioning of the ward. The central argument in this paper is that spatial issues in the implementation of local democracy are not acknowledged sufficiently and that space matters.
The uses and abuses of political economy: The ANC’s media policy
Authors: Duncan Jane
Published: July 2012

This article examines the evolution of the African National Congress’ (ANC) media policy, with specific emphasis on policy developed for the party’s 2002 and 2007 national conferences. It considers how the ANC has used critical political economy arguments to justify its media policy, and concludes that the party has shifted recently towards appropriating these arguments selectively to justify positions that are deeply inimical to media freedom: an approach that was not evident in its earlier policy-making. This shift in emphasis suggests an elite drift in the ANC’s policy, where the shielding of its leaders from criticism becomes the party’s overriding concern. While the ANC’s policy has much to offer in helping South Africa to confront the deficiencies in the post-apartheid media system – which is characterised by highly uneven development – the party demonstrates a lack of vision on media diversity questions. The major academic analyses of post-apartheid media transformation have not helped to chart a way forward either, owing in part to the academy’s theoretical flight from critical political economy with its emphasis on concepts like class, determination and totality. The failure to analyse transformation of the media system as a whole has meant that media theorists failed to predict the uneven nature of media transformation. In the absence of a radical counter-discourse on media transformation, the way is clear for the ANC to mobilise popular discontent with the elite nature of much media, which may bolster arguments for more media controls.
The significance of the minerals-energy complex in the light of South African economic historiography
Authors: Freund Bill
Published: July 2012

Fine and Rustomjee's conceptual project of the minerals and energy complex as a way of understanding power and key networks in the development of the modern economy of South Africa tends to be taken as read and respected. Here their work is conceptualised and placed in the larger economic history of South Africa. The radical critique of apartheid, the understanding of the limitations of apartheid in developmental terms and the arrival of so-called heterodox economic assessments have all played their part in opening the way to this form of thinking. In today's climate the ruling party may also be more inclined to listen to structural critiques of the historic biases of the economy which still play an important part in shaping policy after the end of the apartheid system.
Evaluation of Dispersants for Drilling Fluids based on Manganese Tetraoxide
Authors: Al Moajil Abdullah M. , Rehman Abdul , Al-Bagoury Mohamed , Nasr-El-Din Hisham A. , Steele Christopher D.
Published: July 2012

This paper evaluated dispersants for high densityinvert-emulsion drilling fluids weighted with manganese tetroxide (Mn3O4) particles for high temperature applications. Additionally, the use of dispersants to control the reaction of cleaning fluid with Mn3O4-based filter cake was studied. The dispersants selectedare non-toxic to aquatic organisms and biodegradable. Adding dispersants to the drilling fluid will result in reduced sag, rheological properties, and low fluid-loss.

Three dispersants (A, B, and C)improved the flow behavior Oil-based drilling fluids weighted mainly with manganese tetraoxide particles. They are based on ethoxylated alcohol and polyether carboxylic acid. Dispersant A was anionic and dispersants B and C were non-ionic. In addition, three dispersants (D, E, and F) showed excellent results in controlling the reaction rate of cleaning fluids with manganese tetraoxide particles. Dispersant D was based on sulfonic acid, dispersant E was based on phosphate ester, and dispersant F was based on malic acid copolymer.

Dispersant B showed improved the rheological/filtration properties and sag before/after heat aging at 400°F and 16 hours aging time for Mn3O4 oil-based drilling fluids (1.9 SG) than fluids with or without dispersants A or C. Combination of ionic and non-ionic dispersants improved the filtration properties of oil-based drilling fluids (2.1 SG) weighted mainly with manganese tetraoxide particles. Using dispersant E, the reaction rate of lactic acid/Mn3O4 system was the lowest, followed by dispersant F, and then dispersant D. Dispersants D, E, and F can be used as additives in the cleaning fluid formulation to control the reaction with Mn3O4-based filter cake.
Real-Time Bed Boundary Mapping And Formation DIP Image To Navigate Horizontal Well At Channel Sand Case Study: Niru Field - Pertamina UBEP Limau
Authors: Natsir Muhammad , Hasani Nurul , Nasiruddin Tubagus , Setiawan Adjie , Willian Yus , Panjaitan Julianta P. , Reynolds Laurence
Published: July 2012

PERTAMINA EP's Niru field development objective is to drain attic oil from the X0 sandstones. The thin fluvial-distributary channel environment of the reservoir brings drilling challenges due to the complex reservoir geometry and uncertain lateral continuity. A horizontal well was planned in order to maximize recovery of oil in this mature oil field well.

An integrated LWD solution combining fit for purpose real time measurements from a continuous rotating bottom hole assembly, bed boundary mapping tool, formation images with real time correlation and Geosteering software, was used to steer the well in real time. The real time monitoring of petrophysical parameters, enabled TD to be decided after achieving maximum exposure to the reservoir. In addition, the analysis of dip information from formation images acquired while drilling enabled an important update to the field geological model to be made, while highlighting the limitations in reservoir characterisation of using data from vertical wells drilled into a structure with lateral variations

The improved understanding of the reservoir, as well as the capabilities of the deep directional resistivity tool to locate and map the roof of the reservoir while drilling, enabled the wellbore to be maintained 1 -2 m below it.

This precise and accurate positioning of the wellbore in the reservoir sweet spot, resulted in the sustained production of oil at a rate almost 4 times higher than expected with the addition of low water cut.

The benefits of real time bed boundary mapping and well placement techniques have led to both a better understanding of the X0 channel sandstones reservoir, and a direct change in the development strategy of the field by Pertamina EP. This will now include further horizontal wells, which are now considered to be essential to the successful development of the Niru field, for draining oil from the thin (2-4 m thick) reservoir, which was previously thought to be impossible.
Fighting Wellbore Instability: Customizing Drilling Fluids Based on Laboratory Studies of Shale-Fluid Interactions
Authors: Gomez Sandra , He Wenwu
Published: July 2012

Drilling of shale has long been a challenge due to its strong potential for wellbore instability. Designing of drilling fluids which minimize the interaction with shale is critical in the success of these drilling practices.

Shale instability is mainly related to its abundance of clay content, distribution of reactive clays such as smectite, bedding and thin laminae (fissility). In many situations, small faults and fractures may intersect laminated shale, which causes the rock to crack in various directions. Though shale has many common properties, each shale formation has specific features in clay minerals, rock structures, and deformation properties; consequently their response to drilling fluids varies. As a result, our goal is to understand the petrologic and deformation features of each specific shale formation and their potential interactions with various drilling fluids.

The traditional laboratory methods such as dispersion test, bulk hardness test, and swelling test cannot fully reflect the impacts of rock structure on fracture development and rock failing. This can be compensated by immersion test which is designed to directly observe the rock-fluid interactions and fracture development. Our laboratory test results indicate that the composition and concentration of chemical additives in drilling fluids have significant impact on controlling and reducing the interaction between shale and fluids. Based on laboratory studies, we have designed custom drilling fluids for many shale formations around the world. The custom drilling fluids reduce the inherent wellbore instability found in drilling shales.