bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards an OMG IDL mapping for Common Lisp
Authors: Mowbray Tom , White Kendall
Published: January 2005

The Object Management Group (OMG*) is adopting a set of standards for distributed computing, including multiple programming language bindings to the Interface Definition Language (OMG IDL). This paper explains the need for an OMG IDL mapping to Common Lisp, and shows some examples of such a binding and its implementation, based upon the authors' work on integrating Common Lisp applications using OMG-compliant object request brokers.
The survival of Lisp
Authors: Waters Richard C.
Published: January 2005

Where I work, there are 12 researchers who never use Lisp, 3 who use Lisp for perhaps half of their programming and 3 who use Lisp for most of their programming. Almost all of the non-Lisp programming is in C. This amounts to a ratio of almost 3 to 1 of C programming versus Lisp programming.
Performing Lisp analysis of the FANNKUCH benchmark
Authors: Anderson Kenneth R. , Rettig Duane
Published: January 2005

This paper analyzes the FANNKUCH benchmark, that was discussed on the comp.lang.lisp internet newsgroup during September 1994, and reviews the performance issues underlying it. This benchmark involves operations on integers and vectors of integers so one might expect that Lisp and C versions could have comparable performance. However, the original benchmark suggested that the Lisp version was at least 10 times slower than the C version. While this version appeared to be optimized, several important improvements are possible.The improved version is between 24 and 116 percent slower than C when run on several Lisp implementations. This can be accounted for by differences in the quality of the compiled code of the inner loops of the benchmark, not by an essential difference between the two languages. The GNU C compiler, gcc, produces a loop with a larger overall size (footprint) but with a smaller loop body than the current Lisp compilers. In principle, a Lisp compiler can produce these loops with the same or fewer number of instructions.It is easy to write benchmarks that make Lisp appear slower than C. However, as with any highly tuned benchmark, a small change can have a profound effect on performance. even in C. For example, replacing / 2 by ≫1 makes a 40% improvement. Also changing the representation of integers and arrays of integers among C's built in types varies the performance by 80%.
Parenthetically speaking
Authors: Pitman Kent M.
Published: January 2005

But as I watched, it began to evolve. And I came to view it more as a space of languages, unified by a set of common design principles---a terrain upon which one could move freely among certain camps and still be within the warm and friendly confines of a larger community called Lisp.
Revised
4
report on the algorithmic language scheme
Authors: Abelson H. , Dybvig R. K. , Haynes C. T. , Rozas G. J. , Adams N. I. , Friedman D. P. , Kohlbecker E. , Steele G. L. , Bartley D. H. , Halstead R. , Oxley D. , Sussman G. J. , Brooks G. , Hanson C. , Pitman K. M. , Wand M.
Published: January 2005

The report gives a defining description of the programming language Scheme. Scheme is a statically scoped and properly tail-recursive dialect of the Lisp programming language invented by Guy Lewis Steele Jr. and Gerald Jay Sussman. It was designed to have an exceptionally clear and simple semantics and few different ways to form expressions. A wide variety of programming paradigms, including imperative, functional, and message passing styles, find convenient expression in Scheme.
Finding the Right Questions
Authors: Bourne Steve
Published: January 2005

Does the world really need another computing magazine? Surely, that’s a legitimate question. By any measure, we already have an overwhelming number of publications to choose from. But how many do you actually read? And of those, how many do you feel really contribute to your knowledge and understanding of emerging software technologies and capabilities?
Interview with Adam Bosworth
Authors: McKusick Kirk , Bosworth Adam
Published: January 2005

Adam Bosworth’s contributions to the development and evolution of Web Services began before the phrase "Web Services" had even been coined. That’s because while working as a senior manager at Microsoft in the late ’90s, he became one of the people most central to the effort to define an industry XML specification. While at Microsoft, he also served as General Manager of the company’s WebData organization (with responsibility for defining Microsoft’s long-term XML strategy) in addition to heading up the effort to develop the HTML engine used in Internet Explorer 4 & 5. Now, as Chief Architect and Senior Vice President of Advanced Development at BEA Systems, Bosworth is much more directly involved in shaping the future of Web Services.
Scripting Web Services Prototypes
Authors: Vincent Christopher
Published: January 2005

IBM Lightweight Services (LWS), an experimental hosting environment, aims to support rapid prototyping of complex services while insulating developers from advanced issues in multi-threading, transactions, and resource locking. To achieve this we adapt a high-level, event-driven, single-threaded scripting environment to server-side application hosting. Developers may use this freely available environment to create robust web services that store persistent data, consume other services, and integrate with existing middleware. Lightweight services are invoked by standard HTTP SOAP clients, and may in turn invoke other web services using WSDL.
The Truth About Embedded Systems
Authors: Neville-Neil George
Published: January 2005

Embedded systems are different in several ways from other software environments. The hardware they run on is often resource-constrained in terms of both memory and processor cycles, but still these systems must respond in realtime. They control the brakes of cars, the flaps of airplanes, traffic signaling systems, medical equipment, and other life-critical devices. Programming as if someone’s life depended on it is a new concept to many systems engineers.
A Conversation with Jim Ready
Authors: Harr Randy , Ready Jim
Published: January 2005

Linux may well play a significant role in the future of the embedded systems market, where the majority of software is still custom built in-house and no large player has preeminence. The constraints placed on embedded systems are very different from those on the desktop. We caught up with Jim Ready of MontaVista Software to talk about what he sees in the future of Linux as the next embedded operating system (OS).
SoC: Software, Hardware, Nightmare, Bliss
Authors: Whitney Telle , Neville-Neil George
Published: January 2005

System-on-a-chip (SoC) design methodology allows a designer to create complex silicon systems from smaller working blocks, or systems. By providing a method for easily supporting proprietary functionality in a larger context that includes many existing design pieces, SoC design opens the craft of silicon design to a much broader audience.
Blurring Lines Between Hardware and Software
Authors: Shahri Homayoun
Published: January 2005

Motivated by technology leading to the availability of many millions of gates on a chip, a new design paradigm is emerging. This new paradigm allows the integration and implementation of entire systems on one chip.
The Future of WLAN
Authors: Ritter Michael W.
Published: January 2005

Since James Clerk Maxwell first mathematically described electromagnetic waves almost a century and a half ago, the world has seen steady progress toward using them in better and more varied ways. Voice has been the killer application for wireless for the past century. As performance in all areas of engineering has improved, wireless voice has migrated from a mass broadcast medium to a peer-to-peer medium. The ability to talk to anyone on the planet from anywhere on the planet has fundamentally altered the way society works and the speed with which it changes.
Caching XML Web Services for Mobility
Authors: Terry Douglas D. , Ramasubramanian Venugopalan
Published: January 2005

Web services are emerging as the dominant application on the Internet. The Web is no longer just a repository of information but has evolved into an active medium for providers and consumers of services: Individuals provide peer-to-peer services to access personal contact information or photo albums for other individuals; individuals provide services to businesses for accessing personal preferences or tax information; Web-based businesses provide consumer services such as travel arrangement (Orbitz), shopping (eBay), and e-mail (Hotmail); and several business-to-business (B2B) services such as supply chain management form important applications of the Internet.
The Family Dynamics of 802.11
Authors: McFarland Bill , Wong Michael
Published: January 2005

Three trends are driving the rapid growth of wireless LAN (WLAN): The increased use of laptops and personal digital assistants (PDAs); rapid advances in WLAN data rates (from 2 megabits per second to 108 Mbps in the past four years); and precipitous drops in WLAN prices (currently under $50 for a client and under $100 for an access point).
Designing Portable Collaborative Networks
Authors: Bartram Lyn , Blackstock Michael
Published: January 2005

Peer-to-peer technology and wireless networking offer great potential for working together away from the desk - but they also introduce unique software and infrastructure challenges. The traditional idea of the work environment is anchored to a central location - the desk and office - where the resources needed for the job are located. Even in the many professions where the practitioners move among different field locations, such as professional consulting, health care, or resource exploration, the full set of information and technology resources has been available only in fixed locations where the workers "check in" periodically to integrate their field results back into the larger picture.
Storage Systems: Not Just a Bunch of Disks Anymore
Authors: Riedel Erik
Published: January 2005

The concept of a storage device has changed dramatically from the first magnetic disk drive introduced by the IBM RAMAC in 1956 to today’s server rooms with detached and fully networked storage servers. Storage has expanded in both large and small directions. All use the same underlying technology but they quickly diverge from there. Here we will focus on the larger storage systems that are typically detached from the server hosts. We will introduce the layers of protocols and translations that occur as bits make their way from the magnetic domains on the disk drives and interfaces to your desktop.
From Server Room to Living Room
Authors: Barton Jim
Published: January 2005

The open source movement, exemplified by the growing acceptance of Linux, is finding its way not only into corporate environments but also into a home near you. For some time now, high-end applications such as software development, computer-aided design and manufacturing, and heavy computational applications have been implemented using Linux and generic PC hardware.
Commercializing Open Source Software
Authors: Karels Michael J.
Published: January 2005

The use of open source software has become increasingly popular in production environments, as well as in research and software development. One obvious attraction is the low cost of acquisition. Commercial software has a higher initial cost, though it usually has advantages such as support and training. A number of business models designed by users and vendors combine open source and commercial software; they use open source as much as possible, adding commercial software as needed. They may use open source software as a central component of a product or service, but use other components to add value, which can then induce customers to pay for the offering (obviously, it is hard to compete with free software on price).
Viewing Open Source with an Open Mind
Authors: Allman Eric , McKusick Kirk
Published: January 2005

Some of the more interesting articles discussing open source have been from the economic point of view. Since the dismal science of economics sees nothing as purely good or bad, these types of pieces generally make for interesting reading, in turn leading you to think a bit more carefully about the possibility that open source might be good for some things but less good for others.
Code Spelunking: Exploring Cavernous Code Bases
Authors: Neville-Neil George V.
Published: January 2005

Try to remember your first day at your first software job. Do you recall what you were asked to do, after the human resources people were done with you? Were you asked to write a piece of fresh code? Probably not. It is far more likely that you were asked to fix a bug, or several, and to try to understand a large, poorly documented collection of source code. Of course, this doesn’t just happen to new graduates; it happens to all of us whenever we start a new job or look at a new piece of code. With experience we all develop a set of techniques for working with large, unfamiliar source bases. This is what I call code spelunking.
No Source Code? No Problem!
Authors: Phillips Peter , Phillips George
Published: January 2005

Typical software development involves one of two processes: the creation of new software to fit particular requirements or the modification (maintenance) of old software to fix problems or fit new requirements. These transformations happen at the source-code level. But what if the problem is not the maintenance of old software but the need to create a functional duplicate of the original? And what if the source code is no longer available?
Another Day, Another Bug
Authors: Queue Readers
Published: January 2005

As part of this issue on programmer tools, we at Queue decided to conduct an informal Web poll on the topic of debugging. We asked you to tell us about the tools that you use and how you use them. We also collected stories about those hard-to-track-down bugs that sometimes make us think of taking up another profession.
Spam, Spam, Spam, Spam, Spam, the FTC, and Spam
Authors: Allman Eric
Published: January 2005

The Federal Trade Commission held a forum on spam in Washington, D.C., April 30 to May 2. Rather to my surprise, it was a really good, content-full event. The FTC folks had done their homework and had assembled panelists that ran the gamut from ardent anti-spammers all the way to hard-core spammers and everyone in between: lawyers, legitimate marketers, and representatives from vendor groups.
User Interface Designers, Slaves of Fashion
Authors: Raskin Jef
Published: January 2005

The discipline, science, and art of interface design has gone stagnant. The most widely read books on the subject are primarily compendia of how to make the best of received widgets. The status quo is mistaken for necessity. Constrained in this chamber pot, designers wander around giving the users of their products little comfort or fresh air.
A Conversation with Wayne Rosing
Authors: Brown David J.
Published: January 2005

Google is one of the biggest success stories of the recent Internet age, evolving in five years from just another search engine with a funny name into a household name that is synonymous with searching the Internet. It processes about 200 million search requests daily, serving as both a resource and a challenge to developers today.
Book Reviews: Java Precisely
Authors: Ballance R. , Chesley D.
Published: January 2005

Sestoft provides a concise reference to the Java 2 programming language (versions 1.3 and 1.4). The stated audience for the book is people learning or using Java who need more details about the language than are usually provided in a textbook.
CPUs with 2,000 MIPS per Watt, Anyone?
Authors: MacFaden Mike
Published: January 2005

Making a living as an IT professional, I always get a terrible sinking feeling right in the midsection when that background hum of automation suddenly becomes quiet. Electrical power breathes life into every display pixel, CPU, and disk drive—and soon will do the same to Ethernet ports delivering power to devices along with data packets. Power demands our consideration in just about every implicit or explicit decision we make; and when we get it wrong, computer systems overheat and fail.
Stand and Deliver: Why I Hate Stand-Up Meetings
Authors: Laplante Phillip A
Published: January 2005

According to the Extreme Programming Web site, the stand-up meeting is one part of the rules and practices of extreme programming: “Communication among the entire team is the purpose of the stand-up meeting. They should take place every morning in order to communicate problems, solutions, and promote team focus. The idea is that everyone stands up in a circle in order to avoid long discussions. It is more efficient to have one short meeting that everyone is required to attend than many meetings with a few developers each.”
Microsoft’s Compact Framework Targets Smart Devices
Authors: Wolfe Alexander
Published: January 2005

This month we’re embedding ourselves inside Microsoft’s .NET Compact Framework (CF), billed by Microsoft as the perfect platform to create software applications that target mobile devices. That’s accurate—and it’s not.
A Conversation with Dan Dobberpuhl
Authors: Ditzel David
Published: January 2005

The development of the microprocessors that power computers has been a relentless search for more power, higher speed, and better performance, usually in smaller and smaller packages. But when is enough enough?
Getting Gigascale Chips
Authors: Borkar Shekhar
Published: January 2005

Processor performance has increased by five orders of magnitude in the last three decades, made possible by following Moore’s law - that is, continued technology scaling, improved transistor performance to increase frequency, additional (to avoid repetition) integration capacity to realize complex architectures, and reduced energy consumed per logic operation to keep power dissipation within limits. Advances in software technology, such as rich multimedia applications and runtime systems, exploited this performance explosion, delivering to end users higher productivity, seamless Internet connectivity, and even multimedia and entertainment.
Energy Management on Handheld Devices
Authors: Viredaz Marc A , Brakmo Lawrence S , Hamburgen William R
Published: January 2005

Handheld devices are becoming ubiquitous and as their capabilities increase, they are starting to displace laptop computers - much as laptop computers have displaced desktop computers in many roles. Handheld devices are evolving from today’s PDAs, organizers, cellular phones, and game machines into a variety of new forms. Although partially offset by improvements in low-power electronics, this increased functionality carries a corresponding increase in energy consumption. Second, as a consequence of displacing other pieces of equipment, handheld devices are seeing more use between battery charges. Finally, battery technology is not improving at the same pace as the energy requirements of handheld electronics. Therefore, energy management, once in the realm of desired features, has become an important design requirement and one of the greatest challenges in portable computing, and it will remain so for a long time to come.
The Big Bang Theory of IDEs
Authors: Boekhoudt Caspar
Published: January 2005

Remember the halcyon days when development required only a text editor, a compiler, and some sort of debugger (in cases where the odd printf() or two alone didn’t serve)? During the early days of computing, these were independent tools used iteratively in development’s golden circle. Somewhere along the way we realized that a closer integration of these tools could expedite the development process. Thus was born the integrated development environment (IDE), a framework and user environment for software development that’s actually a toolkit of instruments essential to software creation. At first, IDEs simply connected the big three (editor, compiler, and debugger), but nowadays most go well beyond those minimum requirements. In fact, in recent years, we have witnessed an explosion in the constituent functionality of IDEs.
Beyond Instant Messaging
Authors: Tang John C. , Begole James "Bo"
Published: January 2005

The recent rise in popularity of IM (instant messaging) has driven the development of platforms and the emergence of standards to support IM. Especially as the use of IM has migrated from online socializing at home to business settings, there is a need to provide robust platforms with the interfaces that business customers use to integrate with other work applications. Yet, in the rush to develop a mature IM infrastructure, it is also important to recognize that IM features and uses are still evolving. For example, popular press stories1 have raised the concern that IM interactions may be too distracting in the workplace. This concern suggests that we still need to fine-tune the interface design for IM so the benefits of quick, lightweight communication can be gained without creating a distracting burden for users. How can the industry meet the demand for robust platforms and standards for IM without locking out innovation and development?
Sentient Data Access via a Diverse Society of Devices
Authors: Fitzmaurice George W. , Khan Azam , Buxton William , Kurtenbach Gordon , Balakrishnan Ravin
Published: January 2005

It has been more than ten years since such "information appliances" as ATMs and grocery store UPC checkout counters were introduced. For the office environment, Mark Weiser began to articulate the notion of UbiComp and identified some of the salient features of the trends in 1991. Embedded computation is also becoming widespread. Microprocessors, for example, are finding themselves embedded into seemingly conventional pens that remember what they have written. Anti-lock brake systems in cars are controlled by fuzzy logic. And as a result of wireless computing, miniaturization, and new economies of scale, such technologies as PDAs, IM, and mobile access to the Internet are almost taken for granted.
From the Editors: Reach Out and Touch Someone
Authors: Kellogg Wendy A.
Published: January 2005

Note that two of the three are entirely focused on person-to-person communication ? no great surprise since work demands that we find increasingly efficient and effective means to communicate with colleagues, customers, and suppliers. And then out in that big world beyond day-to-day commerce are all those other people we really want to be able to connect directly with in some convenient yet meaningful way. For millions of computer and wireless phone users, IM has become a preferred means for doing just that.
On Helicopters and Submarines
Authors: Rose Marshall T.
Published: January 2005

Bernoulli vs. Archimedes - Whenever you see a movie that’s got a vehicle that’s part helicopter and part submarine, you know you’re in for a real treat. What could be cooler? One second, the hero’s being pursued by some fighter jets piloted by some nasty dudes with bad haircuts, dodging air-to-air missiles and exchanging witty repartee over the radio with a megalomaniac bent on world domination; and then, just as the hero is unable to evade the very last missile, he pushes a button, the craft dives into the ocean, and is surrounded by an oasis of peaceful blue.
IM, Not IP (Information Pollution)
Authors: Nielsen Jakob
Published: January 2005

Respected technology commentators say that they now prefer instant messaging (IM) over e-mail as their medium of choice for computer-mediated communication. The main reasons are that e-mail has become an overloaded channel for readers and that you can’t be sure to get a timely response from the recipients of your e-mail.
Toolkit: GNU Tools: Still Relevant?
Authors: Wolfe Alexander
Published: January 2005

FSF was founded in 1984 by Richard Stallman. Then a programmer at MIT’s Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Stallman resigned to protest its restrictive copyright policy. He started the GNU (GNU’s Not Unix) Project, an effort to build a free Unix clone, and wrote the GNU (General Public License), which essentially said you could redistribute GNU code for free as long as you also gave away any modification you added—and the free software movement was on its way.
A Conversation with Steve Hagan
Authors: Wasserman Tony
Published: January 2005

Oracle Corporation, which bills itself as the world’s largest enterprise software company, with $10 billion in revenues, some 40,000 employees, and operations in 60 countries, has ample opportunity to put distributed development to the test. Among those on the front lines of Oracle’s distributed effort is Steve Hagan, the engineering vice president of the Server Technologies division, based at Oracle’s New England Development Center in Nashua, New Hampshire, located clear across the country from Oracle’s Redwood Shores, California, headquarters.
Building Collaboration into IDEs
Authors: Cheng Li-Te , de Souza Cleidson R.B. , Hupfer Susanne , Patterson John , Ross Steven
Published: January 2005

Software development is rarely a solo coding effort. More often, it is a collaborative process, with teams of developers working together to design solutions and produce quality code. The members of these close-knit teams often look at one another’s code, collectively make plans about how to proceed, and even fix each other’s bugs when necessary. Teamwork does not stop there, however. An extended team may include project managers, testers, architects, designers, writers, and other specialists, as well as other programming teams. Programmers also interact with the community of developers outside their organization to obtain advice, code snippets, and a general understanding of what works and what doesn’t.
Sink or Swim: Know When It’s Time to Bail
Authors: Bell Gordon
Published: January 2005

There are endless survival challenges for newly created businesses. The degree to which a business successfully meets these challenges depends largely on the nature of the organization and the culture that evolves within it. That’s to say that while market size, technical quality, and product design are obviously crucial factors, company failures are typically rooted in some form of organizational dysfunction. To help investors recognize signs of trouble before catastrophe strikes, I started working more than a decade ago on the Bell-Mason Diagnostic, a quantitative evaluation method that includes a set of rules for examining a company and comparing it with an “ideal” organization.
Black Box Debugging
Authors: Whittaker James A. , Thompson Herbert H.
Published: January 2005

Modern software development practices build applications as a collection of collaborating components. Unlike older practices that linked compiled components into a single monolithic application, modern executables are made up of any number of executable components that exist as separate binary files. This design means that as an application component needs resources from another component, calls are made to transfer control or data from one component to another. Thus, we can observe externally visible application behaviors by watching the activity that occurs across the boundaries of the application’s constituent components.
Toolkit: Java is Jumpin’
Authors: Wolfe Alexander
Published: January 2005

Even though the frenzied hype over Java has died down since the Internet bubble burst, Java is becoming hugely popular in the wireless space. Several events highlight its emergence. Most recently, in December, Texas Instruments opened a research operation in France to focus on the integration of Java apps into the next generation of wireless devices.
A Conversation with Will Harvey
Authors: DiBona Chris
Published: January 2005

That puts Will Harvey, founder and executive vice president of Menlo Park-based There, right at the front of the pack. There, which just launched its product in October, is a virtual 3D world designed for online socializing.
When Bad People Happen to Good Games
Authors: Coates Josh
Published: January 2005

But I think I have a lot of company, which sort of makes me feel better. In fact, at any given moment there are hundreds of thousands of people online playing games. Sure, some of them are playing very simple games like Yahoo! Checkers, and others are playing complicated realtime strategies like Blizzard’s Starcraft—but no matter what game they are playing, they are playing with other people. This is the real attraction of online games. No matter how good games get at so-called artificial intelligence, humans will always make more interesting teammates or opponents. That’s a good thing, but it’s also a bad thing. And this is where the bitterness comes in.
Massively Multiplayer Middleware
Authors: Henning Michi
Published: January 2005

Wish is a multiplayer, online, fantasy role-playing game being developed by Mutable Realms. It differs from similar online games in that it allows tens of thousands of players to participate in a single game world. Allowing such a large number of players requires distributing the processing load over a number of machines and raises the problem of choosing an appropriate distribution technology.
Fun and Games: Multi-Language Development
Authors: Phelps Andrew M. , Parks David M.
Published: January 2005

Computer games (or "electronic games" if you encompass those games played on console-class hardware) comprise one of the fastest-growing application markets in the world. Within the development community that creates these entertaining marvels, multi-language development is becoming more commonplace as games become more and more complex. Today, asking a development team to construct a database-enabled Web site with the requirement that it be written entirely in C++ would earn scornful looks and rolled eyes, but not long ago the idea that multiple languages were needed to accomplish a given task was scoffed at.
AI in Computer Games
Authors: Nareyek Alexander
Published: January 2005

If you’ve been following the game development scene, you’ve probably heard many remarks such as: "The main role of graphics in computer games will soon be over; artificial intelligence is the next big thing!" Although you should hardly buy into such statements, there is some truth in them. The quality of AI (artificial intelligence) is a high-ranking feature for game fans in making their purchase decisions and an area with incredible potential to increase players’ immersion and fun.
The Scalability Problem
Authors: Macri Dean
Published: January 2005

Back in the mid-1990s, I worked for a company that developed multimedia kiosk demos. Our biggest client was Intel, and we often created demos that appeared in new PCs on the end-caps of major computer retailers such as CompUSA. At that time, performance was in demand for all application classes from business to consumer. We created demos that showed, for example, how much faster a spreadsheet would recalculate (you had to do that manually back then) on a new processor as compared with the previous year’s processor. The differences were immediately noticeable to even a casual observer - and it mattered. Having to wait only 10 seconds for something that previously took 20 or more was a major improvement and led many consumers and businesses to upgrade their PCs.
A Conversation with Teresa Meng
Authors: Broderson Robert
Published: January 2005

In 1999, Teresa Meng took a leave of absence from Stanford University and with colleagues from Stanford and the University of California, Berkeley, founded Atheros Communications to develop and deliver the core technology for wireless communication systems. Using a combination of signal processing and CMOS RF technology, Atheros came up with a pioneering 5 GHz wireless LAN chipset found in most 802.11a/b/g products, and continues to extend its market as wireless communications evolve.
Of Processors and Processing
Authors: Frantz Gene , Simar Ray
Published: January 2005

Digital signal processing is a stealth technology. It is the core enabling technology in everything from your cellphone to the Mars Rover. It goes much further than just enabling a one-time breakthrough product. It provides ever-increasing capability; compare the performance gains made by dial-up modems with the recent performance gains of DSL and cable modems. Remarkably, digital signal processing has become ubiquitous with little fanfare, and most of its users are not even aware of what it is. Therefore, it is worthwhile to look at the development history of DSP, an explanation of what the technology is, and a review of the many technologies that are used to implement modern digital signal processing systems.
On Mapping Alogrithms to DSP Architectures
Authors: Shahri Homayoun
Published: January 2005

Our complex world is characterized by representation, transmission, and storage of information - and information is mostly processed in digital form. With the advent of DSPs (digital signal processors), engineers are able to implement complex algorithms with relative ease. Today we find DSPs all around us - in cars, digital cameras, MP3 and DVD players, modems, and so forth. Their widespread use and deployment in complex systems has triggered a revolution in DSP architectures, which in turn has enabled engineers to implement algorithms of ever-increasing complexity. A DSP programmer today must be proficient in not only digital signal processing but also computer architecture and software engineering.
DSPs: Back to the Future
Authors: Hays W. Patrick
Published: January 2005

From the dawn of the DSP (digital signal processor), an old quote still echoes: "Oh, no! We’ll have to use state-of-the-art 5µm NMOS!" The speaker’s name is lost in the fog of history, as are many things from the ancient days of 5µm chip design. This quote refers to the first Bell Labs DSP whose mask set in fact underwent a 10 percent linear lithographic shrink to 4.5µm NMOS (N-channel metal oxide semiconductor) channel length and taped out in late 1979 with an aggressive full-custom circuit design. The designer I quoted had realized that the best technology of the time would be required to meet the performance demands of the then cutting-edge digital Touch-Tone receiver.
Digitally Assisted Analog Integrated Circuits
Authors: Murmann Boris , Boser Bernhard
Published: January 2005

In past decades, “Moore’s law”1 has governed the revolution in microelectronics. Through continuous advancements in device and fabrication technology, the industry has maintained exponential progress rates in transistor miniaturization and integration density. As a result, microchips have become cheaper, faster, more complex, and more power efficient.
Death by UML Fever
Authors: Bell Alex E.
Published: January 2005

A potentially deadly illness, clinically referred to as UML (Unified Modeling Language) fever, is plaguing many software-engineering efforts today. This fever has many different strains that vary in levels of lethality and contagion. A number of these strains are symptomatically related, however. Rigorous laboratory analysis has revealed that each is unique in origin and makeup. A particularly insidious characteristic of UML fever, common to most of its assorted strains, is the difficulty individuals and organizations have in self-diagnosing the affliction. A consequence is that many cases of the fever go untreated and often evolve into more complex and lethal strains.
BPM: The Promise and the Challenge
Authors: Verner Laury
Published: January 2005

Over the last decade, businesses and governments have been giving increasing attention to business processes - to their description, automation, and management. This interest grows out of the need to streamline business operations, consolidate organizations, and save costs, reflecting the fact that the process is the basic unit of business value within an organization.
From the Editors: Search - An Enterprising Affair
Authors: Grossman Edward
Published: January 2005

Arguably, search is the killer app on the Internet. If there was anyone left who’d argue it wasn’t at least in the top five, they’ve probably now recanted, as the verb to Google has entered the common vernacular (I Google, you Google, he Googles).
Opinion: Voting Machine Hell
Authors: Raskin Jef
Published: January 2005

There has been much commentary from computer scientists on the advantages and disadvantages of various electronic voting schemes. More holes have been poked in the current electronic designs than were punched in the cards used in Florida.
Intel Is Stealth Source of Heavy-Duty Software Tools
Authors: Wolfe Alexander
Published: January 2005

In the PC and server worlds, the engineering battle for computer performance has often focused on the hardware advances Intel brings to its microprocessors.
Web Search Considered Harmful
Authors: Brown David J
Published: January 2005

Nowadays, when you find yourself utterly disgusted by “American Idol,” or any other of the latest “reality” shows on TV, you may decide, “What the heck, time to seek a slightly less horrible form of punishment: let’s get on the Web.”
Searching vs. Finding
Authors: Woods William A
Published: January 2005

Finding information and organizing it so that it can be found are two key aspects of any company’s knowledge management strategy. Nearly everyone is familiar with the experience of searching with a Web search engine and using a search interface to search a particular Web site once you get there. (You may have even noticed that the latter often doesn’t work as well as the former.) After you have a list of hits, you typically spend a significant amount of time following links, waiting for pages to download, reading through a page to see if it has what you want, deciding that it doesn’t, backing up to try another link, deciding to try another way to phrase your request, et cetera. Eventually you may find what you want, or you may ultimately give up and decide that you can’t find it. Why is this so difficult?
Why Writing Your Own Search Engine Is Hard
Authors: Patterson Anna
Published: January 2005

There must be 4,000 programmers typing away in their basements trying to build the next “world’s most scalable” search engine. It has been done only a few times. It has never been done by a big group; always one to four people did the core work, and the big team came on to build the elaborations and the production infrastructure. Why is it so hard? We are going to delve a bit into the various issues to consider when writing a search engine. This article is aimed at those individuals or small groups that are considering this endeavor for their Web site or intranet. It is fun, but a word of caution: not only is it difficult, but you need two commodities in short supply: time and patience.
The Image of Jesus Christ in the Jesus Films Used in Missionary Work
Authors: Bakker Freek
Published: January 2005

This article starts with a short introduction to the history of films about Jesus Christ. These were already produced in 1897, within two years of the first ever showing of any film. At first the churches seemed to react positively, but later their attitude reversed. Later yet the churches changed their minds again. Since 1979 the concept of translating the gospel into film language gained an increasing adherence. The theological portraits of Jesus in the two films most used in missions and missionary work are analysed. Furthermore the impact of these films is dealt with.
Territoriality at the Magh Mela
Authors: Ruback R. Barry , Kohli Neena
Published: January 2005

The Magh Mela, an annual Hindu festival held at the confluence of the Ganges and Yamuna rivers, attracts about 150,000 pilgrims who stay for a month in campsites maintained by religious organizations. This study examined territoriality at the campsites in terms of (a) observed characteristics—including personalizations (e.g., flags, banners) and barriers (e.g., fences, gates)—and (b) behavioral responses to an experimental intrusion by 1 or 2 intruder-interviewers who were either male or female. Across dependent measures, larger organizations and more fundamentalist organizations were more territorial. Results from the experiment indicated that territorial defense, in the form of a faster response to an intrusion, was evidenced more for female than male intruders and more for 1 than 2 intruders. These findings suggest that the concept of territorial defense should be broadened beyond physically threatening intrusions to include symbolically threatening intrusions (e.g., an intrusion by a single woman).
Coping Strategies for Living in Student Residential Facilities in Nigeria
Authors: Amole Dolapo
Published: January 2005

This article examines coping strategies used by students in high-density living. It uses the questionnaire survey method in 20 university halls-of-residence in southwestern Nigeria. The study focused on students’ cognitive responses to the bedroom, the coping strategies that they used, gender differences in coping styles, and the influence of their length of stay. The results showed that the respondents perceived living conditions as stressful and that they used nine coping strategies to various degrees. The types of strategies used were related to their responses and to their perceived alternatives. The major coping strategies used were studying away from the room and decorating personal space. Females appeared to make more use of territorial strategies whereas males appeared to use withdrawal strategies more often. Length of stay did not appear to be important except with respect to studying and entertaining friends. Finally, territorial defining strategies were shown to be critical in this high-density situation.
Predictors of Ideas about Seasonal Psychological Fluctuations
Authors: Brennen Tim , Hall Catherine , Verplanken Bas , Nunn Julia
Published: January 2005

This article reports a study of attitudes and beliefs about seasonal psychological cycles in a sample of 160 people living in London. Participants rated their perceptions of seasonal fluctuations on cognitive, emotional, physical, and social functioning in themselves, in others at the same latitude, and in the Arctic population by means of the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire and a specially designed questionnaire. They also completed a test of astronomical knowledge, a test of knowledge about seasonal affective disorder, and an instrument measuring the Big Five personality dimensions. Seasonal mood swings correlated positively with SAD knowledge and extraversion and negatively with the respondents’ emotional stability and knowledge of astronomy. Perception of seasonal change in others appeared to be mediated by their perceptions of their own seasonal fluctuations. Generally, participants did not have unwarranted negative predictions about the impact of the annual cycle on psychological swings in the Arctic.
Testing the Dimensionality of Place Attachment in Recreational Settings
Authors: Kyle Gerard , Graefe Alan , Manning Robert
Published: January 2005

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the psychometric properties of a place-attachment scale using data collected from visitors to the Appalachian Trail in the United States. These data supported a correlated three-factor model consisting of place identity, place dependence, and social bonding. Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis was used to cross-validate the model using two sub-samples of the data. Latent factor means were also compared. Although these analyses provided mixed evidence indicating the scale to be a valid and reliable measure of place attachment, there remains some concern about the performance of several indicators (i.e., low factor loadings, low reliability). Latent mean differences were also observed between the two groups on the place identity dimension. The analyses presented in this investigation provide an example of the utility of covariance structure analysis for testing the psychometric properties of scales and for comparing latent mean differences among groups within populations.
Trade Unions and the Politics of the European Social Model
Authors: Hyman Richard
Published: January 2005

There is a consensus among European trade unions that economic integration should be complemented by a strong ‘social dimension’. What is far less clearly agreed is what ‘social Europe’ means, and how it should be defended against the challenges inherent in a neoliberal approach to economic integration, the dominant logic of ‘competitiveness’ and the pressures for ‘modernization’ of social welfare. Unions’ ability to resist these challenges is weakened by their integration into an elitist system of EU governance in which mobilization and contention are inhibited. The article concludes that a new mode of trade union action is required if the ‘social model’ is to be sustained.
Job Insecurity and Health-Related Outcomes among Different Types of Temporary Workers
Authors: Silla Inmaculada , Gracia Francisco J. , Peiró José María
Published: January 2005

Over the past few decades, the number of flexible workers has increased, a situation that has captured researchers’ attention. Traditionally, temporary workers were portrayed as being disadvantaged compared to permanent workers. But in the new era, temporary workers cannot be treated as a homogeneous group. This study distinguishes between four types of temporaries based on their contract preference and employability level. Furthermore, it compares them with a permanent group. Whether these groups differ on job insecurity and health-related outcomes in a sample of 383 Spanish employees was tested. Differences in well-being and life satisfaction were found, and the hypotheses were supported. The results point out that the temporary workforce is diverse. Therefore, in order to attain a better understanding of the experiences and situations of these workers, it is preferable not to consider them as one homogeneous group.
The Discourse of Industrial Democracy: Germany and the US Revisited
Authors: Frege Carola
Published: January 2005

To better understand cross-country variations of institutions and practices of industrial democracy, such as between Germany and the US, this article highlights a frequently neglected explanatory factor, the national-specific discourses of democracy at work. These discourses are shaped by alternative political philosophies of the 19th century on the relationship between state, society and economy. In particular, how the role of the firm in society was conceptualized differently between the emerging capitalist economies of Germany and the US had a lasting impact on the extent and form of their industrial democracies today.
Translation, Cultural Adaptation, Initial Reliability, and Validation of Turkish 15D’s Version
Authors: Akinci Fevzi , Yildirim Aysegul , Ogutman Betul , Ates Metin , Gozu Hulya , Deyneli Oguzhan , Aydar Sevinc , Isci Emre , Balcioglu Levent , Sayhan Osman Ziya
Published: January 2005

This article describes the adaptation of the Finnish 15D standardized measure of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) instrument for use in Turkey and assesses its psychometric properties. The HRQoL is measured in a sample of 75 patients with Type 2 diabetes using both 15D and Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) instruments. The internal consistency within the domains of 15D was high, with Cronbach’s alpha values 0.89 for 15D scale and 0.89 for NHP. Significant correlations were observed between the scores of similar domains of 15D and the NHP in general health perception supporting the construct validity of the new 15D Turkish version. Overall, the results indicated that the adaptation of the 15D for use in Turkey was successful. The Turkish version was found to be a reliable and valid instrument. It is suitable and applicable to both clinical and population-based studies for the measurement of HRQoL in Turkey.