bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Melting process of Carreau non-Newtonian nano-phase change material inside cylindrical energy storage system: Effect of thermal fins
Authors: Kazemi Alireza , Izadi Mohsen , Assareh Ehsanolah , Ershadi Ali
Published: August 2023

Melting of a non-Newtonian phase-change material in a finned porous vertical cylinder was numerically studied. The governing equations and corresponding boundary conditions were derived by the enthalpy–porosity technique in cylindrical coordinates. The equations were then non-dimensionalized and solved by the finite element method. The grid independence of the solution was evaluated, and the fluid dynamics code was validated by comparison with accredited numerical and experimental studies. The results were discussed regarding the number and size of thermal fins and the aspect ratio parameter regarding to the melting volume fraction, the total energy stored, the average Nusselt number, the average velocity, the contour of isotherms, and streamlines. The results showed that increasing the number of the fins from 1 to 5 and using larger fins instead of shorter ones positively affected the time required for completing the melting process by 16% and 20%, respectively. It is worth noting that a storage system with a higher aspect ratio (AR = 2) than a lower one (AR = 0.5) shortens the melting process by about 80%. The maximum value of the total energy stored remains constant with any change in the number and size of the fins; however, it is diminished by reducing the aspect ratio.
Effect of isomorphic replacement of palygorskite on its heavy metal adsorption performance
Authors: Huang Ritong , Wu Limei , Wang Xiaolong , Zhao Mingyu , Tian Weidong , Tang Ning , Gao Lili
Published: August 2023

Isomorphism is a common phenomenon in clay minerals, which is one of the main reasons for the change of mineral chemical composition and physical and chemical properties. In this study, four kinds of palygorskite with different degrees of isomorphic replacement of octahedral cations were selected. The microstructure and surface-interface properties of different Mg2+/Al3+ palygorskite were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, N2 adsorption-desorption method, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and other characterization methods, and the effects of isomorphic replacement on microstructure such as Mg content and surface-interface properties such as hydroxyl concentration and acid content were discussed. Taking Cu2+ as the target pollutant, the adsorption capacity of different palygorskite to Cu2+ was measured and discussed. Combining the surface hydroxyl concentration and acid amount of palygorskite, as well as the concentration, time and temperature of the reaction system, the rule of adsorption of the four palygorskite for Cu2+ was Mg-rich palygorskite (a-ATP) > palygorskite with equal Mg and Al (c-ATP) > Al-rich palygorskite (d-ATP) > palygorskite with the most Mg (b-ATP), demonstrating that when Mg was partially replaced by Al, palygorskite contained appropriate hydroxyl concentration and acid amount, resulting in the best adsorption effect for Cu2+ (29.2 mg/g). It is of great significance for resource utilization of palygorskite to reveal the regularity of heavy metal adsorption by isomorphic replacement of palygorskite.
High-order mode interface states of surface water waves based on non-Bragg resonances
Authors: Gao Yue , Wang Lin-Ge , Qian Liu-Wei , Fan Ya-Xian , Tao Zhi-Yong
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we connect two periodic channels with bandgaps of different physical properties to form a heterojunction of surface water waves, which realize a high-order mode water wave interface state and concentrate the water wave energy near the heterojunction interface. By introducing a spatial symmetry breaking mechanism, we obtain a periodic channel with non-Bragg bandgaps due to different mode resonances. At a similar central frequency of the gap, another periodic channel is designed to generate Bragg bandgaps of the same mode resonances. The results of the mode analysis indicate that the localized region of the interface state in the frequency range of the non-Bragg bandgap contains a high-order mode component, which is dominant. The interface states induced by the high-order modes are much more efficient in wave accumulation. By introducing defect structures with different lengths, the frequency tuning of the high-order mode interface states is also achieved. The high-order mode interface state provides a different way for wave aggregation, and its implementation is also applicable to other classical wave systems due to the ubiquity of wave phenomena.
A Successful Case of Implementation of Farm Animal Welfare Audits by Large Meat Buyers
Authors: Grandin Temple
Published: August 2023

For many years, the supply chain managers of large supermarkets and restaurant corporations have been conducting animal welfare audits of farms and slaughter plants. Some programs have been more effective than others. This case history describes the early implementation of a highly effective program for auditing animal welfare in slaughter plants. The lessons learned from the implementation of this program in 1999 are still relevant today. There were four major factors that made this welfare auditing program effective. They were: (1) corporate management became motivated to improve conditions in the slaughter plants after they visited plants that had severe animal welfare problems, (2) the welfare standards used to audit the beef and pork plants were simple and easy to understand. They provided clear guidance on conditions that would result in a failed audit, (3) more than one commercial company enforced the same standards at the numerous slaughter plants, and (4) there was an emphasis on repairing existing facilities and improving management instead of buying lots of expensive new equipment. There were only 3 plants out of 75 where expensive renovations were required. This case history will also discuss how veterinarians and management consultants can help food animal supply chain managers implement effective programs that will improve animal welfare. Practical commercial animal welfare assessments will need to be simpler than assessments used for research.

Information

© The Author 2023
Pride Unveiled: Exploring the Rise, Struggles, and Future of LGBT Tourism in Turkey
Authors: Güliz Coşkun
Published: August 2023

For over a decade, Istanbul has hosted the Pride festival, representing a significant milestone for the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) community. The organization of Pride events in Istanbul marked a tremendous stride in attracting LGBT tourists to the city. Although Pride events have also been initiated in some other Muslim countries, such as Lebanon and Kosovo, Istanbul’s Pride was established 11 years prior to these nations. However, in 2014, the Pride festival was abruptly cancelled citing “security” reasons. Subsequently, Turkish municipalities not only prohibited Pride but also banned all LGBT events, encompassing movies, shows, panels, exhibitions, and plays. Consequently, this has resulted in a decline in the availability of gay-friendly hotels and travel agencies. This study aims to review academic literature, statistical reports, and media sources to address questions regarding why Turkey has not become a popular destination among LGBT tourists, the events that precipitated animosity toward this group, and how the conservative government has influenced perceptions regarding the LGBT population in Turkey

Information

© The Author 2023
Effect of SiO2 protective layer on LiNbO3 structured SAW resonators and temperature characteristics study
Authors: Qiang Liu , Wenlong Yang , Chi Chen , Hongyuan Li , Hong Xu
Published: August 2023

In this paper, using LiNbO3 as the piezoelectric substrate, Pt as the electrode and SiO2 as the protective layer, a multi-physics field coupled finite element model was used to investigate the effect of the protective layer thickness on the Rayleigh wave propagation characteristics, and the relationship between the protective layer thickness and the frequency–temperature coefficient TCF and electromechanical coupling coefficient K
2 is established. The frequency characteristics of the device and the microscopic changes of the electrode and substrate structures under high temperature were analyzed experimentally. The results show that no acoustic mode shift occurs when the normalized thickness is less than 31.25%. As the thickness of the protective layer increases, the vibration displacement in the direction of L wave, SH wave and SV wave decreases, and the thickness of the protective layer can be increased appropriately to reduce the interference of SH wave to Rayleigh wave; |TCF| decreases with increasing thickness of the protective layer. Changes in the thickness of the protective layer at different temperatures lead to fluctuations in K
2; the protective layer structure leads to a slight decrease in Q value. As the temperature increases, the fluctuation of the resonant frequency of the SAW resonator increases. The SiO2 protective layer can effectively protect LiNbO3 materials while improving the high-temperature working stability of Pt electrodes.
Glycol 400 assisted preparation of high contact surface TiO2/GO nanocomposites for photocatalytic degradation rhodamine B
Authors: Lu Feitong , Wei Wei , Shi Qiang , Wang Ning , Xiao Yi , Li Zibo
Published: August 2023

TiO2/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposites with high contact interface were prepared with glycol 400 (PEG400) served as dispersant. This nanocomposite exhibits improved photocatalytic efficiency in contrast with the nanocomposite prepared without PEG400. In this work, the photocatalytic performance was investigated by observing the degradation rate of Rhodamine B (RhB). And it is found that the mass ratios of GO in nanocomposites plays an important role. When the mass ratio of GO reached 45%, the photocatalytic performance of the nanocomposites reached the highest, which is ∼72%. Moreover, the photocatalytic mechanism was studied through theoretical calculations, which can be summarized as follows: (1) the presence of GO decreases the band gap of TiO2 nanoparticles. (2) GO inhibits the the recombination of photogenerated electron–hole pair. (3) GO improves the adsorption capacity of TiO2 nanoparticles for RhB. This work promoted the application of TiO2/GO nanocomposites in wastewater treatment.
Effects of anodization conditions of stainless steel on the formation of ordered nanoporous structures with high aspect ratios
Authors: Osada Yuga , Yanagishita Takashi
Published: August 2023

The nanoporous structures obtained by the anodization of stainless steel are functional materials with various potential applications. It has been reported that nanoporous structures can be prepared by the anodization of stainless steel in an electrolyte containing fluoride ions. However, under the reported anodization conditions, the control range of the interpore distance of resulting nanoporous structures was narrow. To expand the application fields of the nanoporous structures obtained by the anodization of stainless steel, it is an important challenge to determine the anodization conditions that can control the interpore distance of nanoporous structures over a wide range. In this study, we investigated the effects of the electrolyte composition on the anodization behavior of stainless steel and the interpore distance of the resulting nanoporous structure. As a result, we found that the maximum voltage for the stable anodization of stainless steel increases when a mixture of ethylene glycol and glycerol containing NH4F is used as the electrolyte. Since the interpore distance of nanoporous structures obtained by the anodization of stainless steel is proportional to the anodization voltage, as the voltage range over which stainless steel can be anodized increased, the range of interpore distances of the nanoporous structures obtained also increased. On the basis of these results, ordered nanoporous structures with a large interpore distance (100 nm), which could not be obtained under the previously reported anodization conditions, were fabricated by the anodization of a stainless steel substrate with a depression pattern formed by Ar ion milling using an alumina mask under optimized anodization conditions. The resulting ordered nanoporous structures with controlled interpore distances are expected to be used in various devices such as capacitors and photocatalysts.
Compressible sponge electrodes by oxidative molecular layer deposition (oMLD) of polyethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) onto open-cell polyurethane sponges
Authors: Mehregan Mahya , Stalla David , Luebbert Gabe , Baratta Lauren , Brathwaite Katrina G , Wyatt Quinton K , Paranamana Nikhila C , Young Matthias J
Published: August 2023

The formation of compressible porous sponge electrodes is appealing to overcome diffusion limitations in porous electrodes for applications including electrochemical energy storage, electrochemical water desalination, and electrocatalysis. Previous work has employed wet chemical synthesis to deliver conductive materials into porous polymer sponge supports, but these approaches struggle to produce functional electrodes due to (1) poor electrical connectivity of the conductive network and (2) mechanical rigidity of the foam after coating. In this work we employ oxidative molecular layer deposition (oMLD) via sequential gas-phase exposures of 3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) and molybdenum pentachloride (MoCl5) oxidant to imbibe polyurethane (PU) sponges with electrically-conductive and redox-active poly(3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) coatings. We analyze the oMLD deposition on compressive PU sponges and modify the reaction conditions to obtain mechanically compressible and electrically conductive sponge electrodes. We specifically identify the importance MoCl5 dose time to enhance the conductivity of the sponges and the importance of EDOT purge time to preserve the mechanical properties of the sponges. Controlling these variables produces an electrically conductive PEDOT network within the sponge support with reduced impact on the sponge’s mechanical properties, offering advantages over wet-chemical synthesis approaches. The compressible, conductive sponges we generate have the potential to be used as compressible electrodes for water desalination, energy storage, and electrocatalysis.
A new type of stable borophene with flat-band-induced magnetism
Authors: Li Zhijian , Xue Yang , Yao Qingzhao , Zhao Bao , Xu Wei , Yang Zhongqin
Published: August 2023

Based on first-principles calculations, we propose a new type of thermally and dynamically stable magnetic borophene (B11) with a tetragonal lattice. The magnetism is found coming from spin polarization of one bonding flat band located at the Fermi level. Despite of the ‘anti-molecular’ behavior in the monolayer, the interactions between the p

z
orbitals of the B atoms in the double-octahedron structural unit lead to the formation of the flat bands with localization behaviors. One tight binding model is built to comprehend the magnetic mechanism, which can guide us to tune other nonmagnetic borophene becoming magnetic. Biaxial tensile strain (>2.1%) is found triggering a phase transition from a semimetal to a semiconductor in the B11 monolayer. The mechanism is analyzed based on the orbital-resolved crystal field effect. Our work provides a new route for designing and achieving two-dimensional magnetic materials with light elements.
Performance of an automated registration-based method for longitudinal lesion matching and comparison to inter-reader variability
Authors: Huff Daniel T , Santoro-Fernandes Victor , Chen Song , Chen Meijie , Kashuk Carl , Weisman Amy J , Jeraj Robert , Perk Timothy G
Published: August 2023

Objective. Patients with metastatic disease are followed throughout treatment with medical imaging, and accurately assessing changes of individual lesions is critical to properly inform clinical decisions. The goal of this work was to assess the performance of an automated lesion-matching algorithm in comparison to inter-reader variability (IRV) of matching lesions between scans of metastatic cancer patients. Approach. Forty pairs of longitudinal PET/CT and CT scans were collected and organized into four cohorts: lung cancers, head and neck cancers, lymphomas, and advanced cancers. Cases were also divided by cancer burden: low-burden (<10 lesions), intermediate-burden (10–29), and high-burden (30+). Two nuclear medicine physicians conducted independent reviews of each scan-pair and manually matched lesions. Matching differences between readers were assessed to quantify the IRV of lesion matching. The two readers met to form a consensus, which was considered a gold standard and compared against the output of an automated lesion-matching algorithm. IRV and performance of the automated method were quantified using precision, recall, F1-score, and the number of differences. Main results. The performance of the automated method did not differ significantly from IRV for any metric in any cohort (p > 0.05, Wilcoxon paired test). In high-burden cases, the F1-score (median [range]) was 0.89 [0.63, 1.00] between the automated method and reader consensus and 0.93 [0.72, 1.00] between readers. In low-burden cases, F1-scores were 1.00 [0.40, 1.00] and 1.00 [0.40, 1.00], for the automated method and IRV, respectively. Automated matching was significantly more efficient than either reader (p < 0.001). In high-burden cases, median matching time for the readers was 60 and 30 min, respectively, while automated matching took a median of 3.9 min Significance. The automated lesion-matching algorithm was successful in performing lesion matching, meeting the benchmark of IRV. Automated lesion matching can significantly expedite and improve the consistency of longitudinal lesion-matching.
Region of interest focused MRI to synthetic CT translation using regression and segmentation multi-task network
Authors: Kaushik Sandeep S , Bylund Mikael , Cozzini Cristina , Shanbhag Dattesh , Petit Steven F , Wyatt Jonathan J , Menzel Marion I , Pirkl Carolin , Mehta Bhairav , Chauhan Vikas , Chandrasekharan Kesavadas , Jonsson Joakim , Nyholm Tufve , Wiesinger Florian , Menze Bjoern
Published: August 2023

Objective. In MR-only clinical workflow, replacing CT with MR image is of advantage for workflow efficiency and reduces radiation to the patient. An important step required to eliminate CT scan from the workflow is to generate the information provided by CT via an MR image. In this work, we aim to demonstrate a method to generate accurate synthetic CT (sCT) from an MR image to suit the radiation therapy (RT) treatment planning workflow. We show the feasibility of the method and make way for a broader clinical evaluation. Approach. We present a machine learning method for sCT generation from zero-echo-time (ZTE) MRI aimed at structural and quantitative accuracies of the image, with a particular focus on the accurate bone density value prediction. The misestimation of bone density in the radiation path could lead to unintended dose delivery to the target volume and results in suboptimal treatment outcome. We propose a loss function that favors a spatially sparse bone region in the image. We harness the ability of the multi-task network to produce correlated outputs as a framework to enable localization of region of interest (RoI) via segmentation, emphasize regression of values within RoI and still retain the overall accuracy via global regression. The network is optimized by a composite loss function that combines a dedicated loss from each task. Main results. We have included 54 brain patient images in this study and tested the sCT images against reference CT on a subset of 20 cases. A pilot dose evaluation was performed on 9 of the 20 test cases to demonstrate the viability of the generated sCT in RT planning. The average quantitative metrics produced by the proposed method over the test set were—(a) mean absolute error (MAE) of 70 ± 8.6 HU; (b) peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of 29.4 ± 2.8 dB; structural similarity metric (SSIM) of 0.95 ± 0.02; and (d) Dice coefficient of the body region of 0.984 ± 0. Significance. We demonstrate that the proposed method generates sCT images that resemble visual characteristics of a real CT image and has a quantitative accuracy that suits RT dose planning application. We compare the dose calculation from the proposed sCT and the real CT in a radiation therapy treatment planning setup and show that sCT based planning falls within 0.5% target dose error. The method presented here with an initial dose evaluation makes an encouraging precursor to a broader clinical evaluation of sCT based RT planning on different anatomical regions.
Pair Production of Heavy Charged Gauge Bosons in pp Collisions at LHC
Authors: Ahmed Ijaz , Khaliq Fazal , Ashraf M U , Khurshid Taimoor , Muhammad Jamil
Published: August 2023

Two oppositely charged new heavy gauge boson pair production at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), is presented in this paper. These bosons are known as

W

′

boson due to the reason that it is the heavy version of Standard Model’s weak force carrier, the W boson. The production cross section and decay width in proton-proton (pp) collision at

s

= 8 TeV are calculated for different masses and coupling strengths of

W

′

. Efficiencies for different signal regions and branching ratios for different decay channels are computed. In this study, the pair production (

W

′
+

W

′
−

) is considered in emerging new physics as a result of pp collision at

s

= 8 TeV at the LHC with final state containing two tau (τ) leptons and two neutrinos (each

W

′

decay to τ and its neutrino). The event selection efficiency similar to the CMS experiment is used for the mass of

W

′

to set lower limits for different coupling strengths of

W

′

and, the obtained results are presented in this work. For heavy gauge bosons, when coupling strength is similar to that of Standard Model’s W boson, the mass of

W

′

below 445 GeV are excluded at a confidence level of 95%.
A new chaotic map derived from the Hermite–Kronecker–Brioschi characterization of the Bring-Jerrard quintic form
Authors: Alpar Orcan
Published: August 2023

The Bring-Jerrard normal form, achieved by Tschirnhaus transformation of a regular quintic, is a reduced type of the general quintic equation with quartic, cubic and quadratic terms omitted. However, the form itself is an equation opposing the mandatory characteristics of the iterative chaotic maps. Given the form represents the fixed-point equations, it is possible to turn it into a map of iterations. Under specific conditions, the quartic map achieved by transformation from the quintic normal form exhibits chaotic behavior for real numbers. Depending on the system parameters, the new map causes period-doubling until a complete chaos within a very short range. Basically, in this paper, we present a new one-dimensional chaotic map derived from the Hermite–Kronecker–Brioschi characterization of the Bring-Jerrard normal form, which exhibits chaotic behavior for negative initial points. We also included the brief analysis of the Bring-Jerrard generalized case which is the parent system of the chaotic map we proposed in this paper.
A modified Bohr’s quantization rule to estimate the energy levels of relativistic systems
Authors: Amal Felan , T Shivalingaswamy , Kagali B A
Published: August 2023

Estimation of quantum energy levels is crucial to understand the physical systems in both non relativistic and relativistic domains. Here we put forward a new method to deduce quantized energy levels of some simple relativistic quantum systems without solving wave equations but using Bohr’s quantization rule along with a few suitable modifications. The results obtained are in good agreement with formal calculations available in the literature.
Synchronizing the consistency relation
Authors: Inomata Keisuke , Lee Hayden , Hu Wayne
Published: August 2023

We study the N-point function of the density contrast to quadratic order in the squeezed limit during the matter-dominated (MD) and radiation-dominated (RD) eras in synchronous gauge.
Since synchronous gauge follows the free-fall frame of observers, the equivalence principle dictates that in the gradient approximation for the long-wavelength mode there is only a single, manifestly time-independent consistency relation for the N-point function. This simple form is dictated by the initial mapping between synchronous and local coordinates, unlike Newtonian gauge and its correspondingly separate dilation and Newtonian consistency relations. Dynamical effects only appear at quadratic order in the squeezed limit and are again characterized by a change in the local background, also known as the separate universe approach. We show that for the 3-point function the compatibility between these squeezed-limit relations and second-order perturbation theory requires both the initial and dynamical contributions to match, as they do in single-field inflation. This clarifies the role of evolution or late-time projection effects in establishing the consistency relation for observable bispectra, which is especially important for radiation acoustic oscillations and for establishing consistency below the matter-radiation equality scale in the MD era. Defining an appropriate angle and time average of these oscillations is also important for making separate universe predictions of spatially varying local observables during the RD era, which can be useful for a wider range of cosmological predictions beyond N-point functions.
Exploring mirror twin Higgs cosmology with present and future weak lensing surveys
Authors: Zu Lei , Zhang Chi , Chen Hou-Zun , Wang Wei , Tsai Yue-Lin Sming , Tsai Yuhsin , Luo Wentao , Fan Yi-Zhong
Published: August 2023

We explore the potential of precision cosmological data to study non-minimal dark sectors
by updating the cosmological constraint on the mirror twin Higgs model (MTH). The MTH model
addresses the Higgs little hierarchy problem by introducing dark sector particles. In this work,
we perform a Bayesian global analysis that includes the latest cosmic shear measurement from the
DES three-year survey and the Planck CMB and BAO data. In the early Universe, the mirror baryon
and mirror radiation behave as dark matter and dark radiation, and their presence modifies the
Universe's expansion history. Additionally, the scattering between mirror baryon and photon
generates the dark acoustic oscillation process, suppressing the matter power spectrum from the
cosmic shear measurement. We demonstrate how current data constrain these corrections to the
ΛCDM cosmology and find that for a viable solution to the little hierarchy problem, the
proportion of MTH dark matter cannot exceed about 30% of the total dark matter density, unless
the temperature of twin photon is less than 30% of that of the standard model photon. While the
MTH model is presently not a superior solution to the observed H
0 tension compared to the
ΛCDM+ΔN
eff model, we demonstrate that it has the potential to alleviate
both the H
0 and S
8 tensions, especially if the S
8 tension persists in the future and
approaches the result reported by the Planck SZ (2013) analysis. In this case, the MTH model can
relax the tensions while satisfying the DES power spectrum constraint up to k ≲ 10 hMpc-1. If the MTH model is indeed accountable for the S
8 and H
0 tensions, we show that
the future China Space Station Telescope (CSST) can determine the twin baryon abundance with a
10% level precision.
WIMPs in dilatonic Einstein Gauss-Bonnet cosmology
Authors: Biswas Anirban , Kar Arpan , Lee Bum-Hoon , Lee Hocheol , Lee Wonwoo , Scopel Stefano , Velasco-Sevilla Liliana , Yin Lu
Published: August 2023

We use the Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) thermal decoupling scenario to probe Cosmologies in dilatonic Einstein Gauss-Bonnet (dEGB) gravity, where the Gauss-Bonnet term is non-minimally coupled to a scalar field with vanishing potential.
We put constraints on the model parameters when the ensuing modified cosmological scenario drives the WIMP annihilation cross section beyond the present bounds from DM indirect detection searches. In our analysis we assumed WIMPs that annihilate to Standard Model particles through an s-wave process.
For the class of solutions that comply with WIMP indirect detection bounds, we find that dEGB typically plays a mitigating role on the scalar field dynamics at high temperature, slowing down the speed of its evolution and reducing the enhancement of the Hubble constant compared to its standard value. For such solutions, we observe that the corresponding boundary conditions at high temperature correspond asymptotically to a vanishing deceleration parameter q, so that the effect of dEGB is to add an accelerating term that exactly cancels the deceleration predicted by General Relativity.
The bounds from WIMP indirect detection are nicely complementary to late-time constraints from compact binary mergers. This suggests that it could be interesting to use other Early Cosmology processes to probe the dEGB scenario.
Fully relativistic many-body perturbation energies, transition properties, and lifetimes of lithium-like iron Fe XXIV
Authors: Li 李 Shuang 双 , Zhao 赵 Min 敏 , Liu 刘 Guo-Qing 国庆 , Hu 胡 Chang-Bao 昌宝 , Pan 潘 Guo-Zhu 国柱
Published: August 2023

Employing the advanced relativistic configuration interaction (RCI) combined with the many-body perturbation theory (RMBPT) method, we report energies and lifetime values for the lowest 35 energy levels from the (1s2)nl configurations (where the principal quantum number n = 2–6 and the angular quantum number l = 0,…,n–1) of lithium-like iron Fe XXIV, as well as complete data on the transition wavelengths, radiative rates, absorption oscillator strengths, and line strengths between the levels. Both the allowed (E1) and forbidden (magnetic dipole M1, magnetic quadrupole M2, and electric quadrupole E2) ones are reported. Through detailed comparisons with previous results, we assess the overall accuracies of present RMBPT results to be likely the most precise ones to date. Configuration interaction effects are found to be very important for the energies and radiative properties for the ion. The present RMBPT results are valuable for spectral line identification, plasma modeling, and diagnosing.
Effects of vacancy and external electric field on the electronic properties of the MoSi2N4/graphene heterostructure
Authors: Liang 梁 Qian 前 , Luo 罗 Xiangyan 祥燕 , Qian 钱 Guolin 国林 , Wang 王 Yuanfan 远帆 , Liang 梁 Yongchao 永超 , Xie 谢 Quan 泉
Published: August 2023

Recently, the newly synthesized septuple-atomic layer two-dimensional (2D) material MoSi2N4 (MSN) has attracted attention worldwide. Our work delves into the effect of vacancies and external electric fields on the electronic properties of the MSN/graphene (Gr) heterostructure using first-principles calculation. We find that four types of defective structures, N-in, N-out, Si and Mo vacancy defects of monolayer MSN and MSN/Gr heterostructure are stable in air. Moreover, vacancy defects can effectively modulate the charge transfer at the interface of the MSN/Gr heterostructure as well as the work function of the pristine monolayer MSN and MSN/Gr heterostructure. Finally, the application of an external electric field enables the dynamic switching between n-type and p-type Schottky contacts. Our work may offer the possibility of exceeding the capabilities of conventional Schottky diodes based on MSN/Gr heterostructures.
Fabrication and research of bi-functional CuNi2S4 nanosheets decorated TiO2/CuNi2S4 heterojunction photoanode for photoelectrochemical water splitting
Authors: Jin 金 Wei 伟 , Zhang 张 Liyuan 立媛 , Zhang 张 Wenjing 文静 , Sun 孙 Qian 倩 , Zhang 张 Dekai 德恺 , Miao 苗 Hui 慧 , Hu 胡 Xiaoyun 晓云
Published: August 2023

As a traditional n-type semiconductor, TiO2 has good UV absorption ability and stable physical and chemical properties. However, its wide band gap and low oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity limit its application in the field of photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. In this work, a type-II TiO2/CuNi2S4 heterojunction photoanode is successfully constructed, which expanded the light absorption range to visible and enhanced the OER activity. Firstly, TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) thin films are prepared on Ti substrates by two-step anodization, and then the bi-functional electrocatalytic material CuNi2S4 is grown on TiO2 NTs in the shape of nanosheets (NSs) in situ by solvothermal method. As a bi-functional electrocatalytic material, CuNi2S4 has good visible light absorption property as well as OER catalytic activity. Compared with TiO2, the IPCE value of TiO2/CuNi2S4 is 2.59% at 635 nm, and that of TiO2 is a mere 0.002%. The separation efficiency and injection efficiency increase from 2.49% and 31.52% to 3.61% and 87.77%, respectively. At 1.23 V vs. RHE, the maximum photocurrent density is 0.26 mA/cm2, which is 2.6 times than that of TiO2 (0.11 mA/cm2), and can be maintained at 0.25 mA/cm2 for at least 2 h under light illumination. Moreover, a hydrogen production rate of 4.21 μmol⋅cm−2⋅h−1 is achieved within 2 h. This work provides a new idea for the application of TiO2 in the field of PEC water splitting and the construction of efficient and stable photoelectronic devices.
Benchmarking calculations of excitation energies and transition properties with spectroscopic accuracy of highly charged ions used for the fusion plasma and astrophysical plasma
Authors: Zhang 张 Chunyu 春雨 , Wang 王 Kai 凯 , Si 司 Ran 然 , Li 李 Jinqing 金晴 , Song 宋 Changxian 昌仙 , Wu 吴 Sijie 思捷 , Yan 严 Bishuang 碧霜 , Chen 陈 Chongyang 重阳
Published: August 2023

Atomic radiative data such as excitation energies, transition wavelengths, radiative rates, and level lifetimes with high precision are the essential parameters for the abundance analysis, simulation, and diagnostics in fusion and astrophysical plasmas. In this work, we mainly focus on reviewing our two projects performed in the past decade. One is about the ions with Z ≲ 30 that are generally of astrophysical interest, and the other one is about the highly charged krypton (Z = 36) and tungsten (Z = 74) ions that are relevant in research of magnetic confinement fusion. Two different and independent methods, namely, multiconfiguration Dirac–Hartree–Fock (MCDHF) and the relativistic many-body perturbation theory (RMBPT) are usually used in our studies. As a complement/extension to our previous works for highly charged tungsten ions with open M-shell and open N-shell, we also mainly focus on presenting and discussing our complete RMBPT and MCDHF calculations for the excitation energies, wavelengths, electric dipole (E1), magnetic dipole (M1), electric quadrupole (E2), and magnetic quadrupole (M2) transition properties, and level lifetimes for the lowest 148 levels belonging to the 3l
3 configurations in Al-like W61+. We also summarize the uncertainties of our systematical theoretical calculations, by cross-checking/validating our datasets from our RMBPT and MCDHF calculations, and by detailed comparisons with available accurate observations and other theoretical calculations. The data are openly available in Science Data Bank at https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.10569.
A method for evaluating the force factor in oscillating Kibble balances with application to the Planck-Balance
Authors: Rothleitner Ch , Poroskun I , Svitlov S , Kloß J , Konrad J
Published: August 2023

The Planck-Balance is a table-top version of a Kibble balance, developed in a collaboration between the PTB and TU Ilmenau. In contrast to most Kibble balances, where the motion range is of up to several centimeters in the velocity mode, in the Planck-Balance it is below 100 μm. For a reliable determination of the force factor, the voice coil is set into harmonic oscillation, resulting in an induced AC voltage. The amplitude of the first harmonic is then taken to determine the force factor. However, due to the non-linear magnetic field across the motion range, the first harmonic is subject to a bias, and higher harmonics are excited. Those higher harmonics contain the information about the relative magnitude of the bias in the first harmonic, and can be used for a correction. In this paper we present an analytical model and show its application with real measurements. The estimated relative bias amounts to

−
6.3
⋅

10

−
6

, with a residual relative uncertainty of

6.3
⋅

10

−
7

, for an oscillation amplitude of 20 μm. This method is especially of importance for Kibble balances with short motion range and working with harmonic oscillation. After such a correction is applied, a table-top version of a Kibble balance can be used as a conventional balance calibrated by means of E2 mass standards in the whole E2 class mass range.
Consistent control information driven musculoskeletal model for multiday myoelectric control
Authors: Zhao Jiamin , Yu Yang , Sheng Xinjun , Zhu Xiangyang
Published: August 2023

Objective. Musculoskeletal model (MM)-based myoelectric interface has aroused great interest in human-machine interaction. However, the performance of electromyography (EMG)-driven MM in long-term use would be degraded owing to the inherent non-stationary characteristics of EMG signals. Here, to improve the estimation performance without retraining, we proposed a consistent muscle excitation extraction approach based on an improved non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) algorithm for MM when applied to simultaneous hand and wrist movement prediction. Approach. We added constraints and L
2-norm regularization terms to the objective function of classic NMF regarding muscle weighting matrix and time-varying profiles, through which stable muscle synergies across days were identified. The resultant profiles of these synergies were then used to drive the MM. Both offline and online experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed method in inter-day scenarios. Main results. The results demonstrated significantly better and more robust performance over several competitive methods in inter-day experiments, including machine learning methods, EMG envelope-driven MM, and classic NMF-based MM. Furthermore, the analysis of control information on different days revealed the effectiveness of the proposed method in obtaining consistent muscle excitations. Significance. The outcomes potentially provide a novel and promising pathway for the robust and zero-retraining control of myoelectric interfaces.
Error detection and correction in intracortical brain–machine interfaces controlling two finger groups
Authors: Wallace Dylan M , Benyamini Miri , Nason-Tomaszewski Samuel R , Costello Joseph T , Cubillos Luis H , Mender Matthew J , Temmar Hisham , Willsey Matthew S , Patil Parag G , Chestek Cynthia A , Zacksenhouse Miriam
Published: August 2023

Objective. While brain–machine interfaces (BMIs) are promising technologies that could provide direct pathways for controlling the external world and thus regaining motor capabilities, their effectiveness is hampered by decoding errors. Previous research has demonstrated the detection and correction of BMI outcome errors, which occur at the end of trials. Here we focus on continuous detection and correction of BMI execution errors, which occur during real-time movements. Approach. Two adult male rhesus macaques were implanted with Utah arrays in the motor cortex. The monkeys performed single or two-finger group BMI tasks where a Kalman filter decoded binned spiking-band power into intended finger kinematics. Neural activity was analyzed to determine how it depends not only on the kinematics of the fingers, but also on the distance of each finger-group to its target. We developed a method to detect erroneous movements, i.e. consistent movements away from the target, from the same neural activity used by the Kalman filter. Detected errors were corrected by a simple stopping strategy, and the effect on performance was evaluated. Main
results. First we show that including distance to target explains significantly more variance of the recorded neural activity. Then, for the first time, we demonstrate that neural activity in motor cortex can be used to detect execution errors during BMI controlled movements. Keeping false positive rate below

5
%

, it was possible to achieve mean true positive rate of

28.1
%

online. Despite requiring 200 ms to detect and react to suspected errors, we were able to achieve a significant improvement in task performance via reduced orbiting time of one finger group. Significance. Neural activity recorded in motor cortex for BMI control can be used to detect and correct BMI errors and thus to improve performance. Further improvements may be obtained by enhancing classification and correction strategies.
Qualification of piezo-electric actuators for the MADMAX booster system at cryogenic temperatures and high magnetic fields
Authors: Garutti E. , Janssen H. , Kreikemeyer-Lorenzo D. , Krieger C. , Lindner A. , Majorovits B. , Schaffran J. , van Bree B.
Published: August 2023

We report on the qualification of a piezo-based linear stage
for the manipulation of positions of dielectric discs in the booster
of the MADMAX axion dark matter search experiment. A first
demonstrator of the piezo drives, specifically developed for MADMAX,
was tested at room temperature as well as at cryogenic temperatures
down to 4.5 K and inside strong magnetic fields up to 5.3 T. These
qualification measurements prove that the piezo-based linear stage
is suited for MADMAX and fulfills the requirements.
Development of DSP-based TPS fully digital correction magnet power supply
Authors: Wang Baosheng , Liu Kuobin , Wong Yongseng
Published: August 2023

The Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) is a third-generation 3 GeV
synchrotron accelerator light source. After successfully operating
for ten years since its first light in 2013, various subsystems are
undergoing updates. In the context of magnet power supply upgrades,
the trend toward digitization and high-precision modulation control
is driving advancements worldwide. This study focuses on developing
a fully digital correction magnet power supply (FDCMPS) based on a
digital signal processor (DSP). The prototype utilizes a low-power,
floating-point DSP with multiple communication functionalities as
the core control unit. The output current is converted into digital
values using current sensors and high-precision analog-to-digital
converters. Discrete PI compensator algorithms are implemented
within the DSP to generate pulse-width modulation (PWM) waveforms,
driving a full-bridge (H-bridge) converter configuration with
metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFET). This
forms a complete, fully digital closed-loop current control
system. A virtual control interface is designed to operate the
FDCMPS state. The control loop design of the prototype has been
validated and demonstrates stable output bipolar current
performance. When tested with a 0.1 V input reference signal, the
prototype achieves a -3 dB bandwidth of 2.03 kHz. Finally, a
hardware prototype circuit was constructed in the power supply
laboratory, with an input voltage of 48 V, an output current of
10 A, and a maximum power of 400 W. Overall, the developed fully
digital correction magnet power supply prototype showcases stable
and high-performance output bipolar current performance. The system
achieves total harmonic distortion of output current ripple within
0.3 mA peak to peak and long-term stability within ±
15 ppm. The successful implementation of the prototype establishes
a solid foundation for advancing magnet power supply technology at
the TPS.
A chemodynamic nanoenzyme with highly efficient Fenton reaction for cancer therapy
Authors: Qiao Lihong , Li Xiaoxia , Wei Chuanqi , Li Zhongjun , Han Shisong , Cheng Du
Published: August 2023

Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) is a rising technology for cancer therapy by converting intracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into hydroxyl radical (•OH) via transition-metal-containing nanoparticles (NPs) catalysis reaction (i.e. Fenton reaction) to kill tumor cells. Highly efficient Fenton reaction and favorable delivery of the catalytic NPs ‘nanoenzyme’ are the key for successful treatment of cancer. In this work, we developed a novel nanoenzyme MnFe2O4@GFP for in vitro and in vivo antitumor therapy. A new MnFe2O4 nanoparticle containing two transition-metal-element Fe and Mn was synthesized for enhanced Fenton reaction and used to co-deliver protein with high biocompatibility through post-modification with dopamine polymerization, green fluorescent protein adsorption, and PEG coating. The enrichment of H2O2 and glutathione (GSH) in tumor tissue provided a favorable microenvironment for in situ generation of toxic free radicals. Fe3+ and GSH triggered a redox reaction to produce Fe2+, which in turn catalyzed H2O2 into •OH, with the consumption of antioxidant GSH. By combining Fe3+ with another catalyzer, the catalytic efficiency of the nanoenzyme were greatly improved. Consequently, the nanoenzyme showed efficient antitumor ability both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, the multifunctional CDT nanoenzyme platform shows great promising for antitumor therapy through the combination of catalyzers Fe3+ and Mn2+ and codelivery of protein cargo.
The q-Racah polynomials from scalar products of Bethe states
Authors: Baseilhac Pascal , Pimenta Rodrigo A
Published: August 2023

The q-Racah polynomials are expressed in terms of certain ratios of scalar products of Bethe states associated with Bethe equations of either homogeneous or inhomogeneous type. This result is obtained by combining the theory of Leonard pairs and the modified algebraic Bethe ansatz.
One-dimensional scattering of fermions in double Dirac delta potentials
Authors: Santamaría-Sanz L
Published: August 2023

The spectrum of bound and scattering states of the one dimensional Dirac Hamiltonian describing fermions distorted by a static background built from two Dirac delta potentials is studied. A distinction will be made between ‘mass-spike’ and ‘electrostatic’ δ-potentials. The second quantisation is then performed to promote the relativistic quantum mechanical problem to a relativistic quantum field theory and study the quantum vacuum interaction energy for fermions confined between opaque plates. The work presented here is a continuation of (Guilarte et al 2019 Front. Phys.
7 109).
Memory efficient Fock-space recursion scheme for computing many-fermion resolvents
Authors: Prabhakar  , Mukherjee Anamitra
Published: August 2023

A fundamental roadblock to the exact numerical solution of many-fermion problems is the exponential growth of the Hilbert space with system size. It manifests as extreme dynamical memory and computation-time requirements for simulating many-fermion processes. Here we construct a novel reorganization of the Hilbert space to establish that the exponential growth of dynamical-memory requirement is suppressed inversely with system size in our approach. Consequently, the state-of-the-art resolvent computation can be performed with substantially less memory. The memory-efficiency does not rely on Hamiltonian symmetries, sparseness, or boundary conditions and requires no additional memory to handle long-range density-density interaction and hopping. We provide examples calculations of interacting fermion ground state energy, the many-fermion density of states and few-body excitations in interacting ground states in one and two dimensions.