bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Language Style and Islamic Wisdom in Madurese Tembhâng Macapat Manuscripts: A Stylistic Study
Authors: Rabi'ah  , Jannah Raudlatul
Published: December 2024

Literary works as part of the arts should have the function of washing the purity of the human soul. Tembhâng macapat is full of rules and contains advice, advice, and various wisdoms of the community's outlook on life, tembhâng is used as a means of building refinement and a sense of beauty. Therefore, in every beauty of the lyrics, advice is tucked away, everything can be contained by tembhâng macapat with various language styles used, both things that are clearly visible in the form of explicit, or implied. This research aims to examine how the language style used in Tembhâng macapat Madura and the wisdom value contained in it. This philological research is a descriptive qualitative research with a stylistic approach. The data in this study are words, sentences in the manuscript of oral literature of Tembhâng macapat. The data is then analyzed with the stages of transcription, identification, classification, and data description. Based on the results of research on Madurese tembhâng-tembhâng, there are five types of figurative language styles used by the authors, namely simile, personification, satire, allegory, and cynicism. In addition, there are also five Islamic wisdom values in tembhâng macapat, namely, the value of tawhid, the recommendation to be grateful, to avoid haste, to fight laziness, and the prohibition of slander and to keep the tongue so as not to hurt others.
Analysis of the Second Juz of Syamil Book Series by KH. Muhammad Basthomi Tibyan
Authors: Farhan Fuad Mudzakir  , Aldi  , Kirom Abdul
Published: December 2024

Scientific development of nahwu & sharraf lately considered as increasingly important as the enthusiasm of Indonesian students in studying Arabic. It is also the behind the trend of development in nahwu & sharraf teaching methods aiming to be approachable for beginners. The nahwu & sharraf book series, Syamil, is no exception, written by KH. Muhammad Basthomi Tibyan and designed specifically for the students of PP. Al-Amien Prenduan. This research examines the second series/juz of Syamil juz 2 which focuses on nahwu & seeks to uncover the ideal development techniques contained in the book. The researcher used qualitative field research methods by collecting data in the form of interviews, observation and documentation. This research shows the results, namely: 1) that the book of Syamil juz 2 is a development of several books in the science of nahwu. 2) as a teaching technique for beginners or those who are still in the early stages 3) the explanation is brief and concise 4) using pegon Arabic to make it easier for readers when reading 5) as a murajaah media or repetition for those who are already proficient in Nahwu science.
The Semiotic Meaning in Posters of the Palestinian Genocide
Authors: Istiqamah  , Nurfadilla
Published: December 2024

This research aims to analyze the semiotic meaning in posters about the Palestinian genocide on the social media platform Instagram. This study employs a qualitative method with a case study approach to analyze the meanings in the posters about the Palestinian genocide posted on Instagram in 2023, based on Roland Barthes' semiotic theory. This case study investigates contemporary phenomena in a real-life context, specifically regarding the Palestinian genocide. The data used comes from Instagram posters depicting the situation in Palestine through their characteristic symbols. Data collection techniques include screenshots, meaning analysis, and writing meanings according to Barthes' semiotic theory. The research findings show that these posters contain several main themes: criticism of global indifference, symbols of Palestinian identity and struggle, the suffering and resilience of the Palestinian people, hope and peace, criticism of international policies, the role of women and children in the conflict, and calls for action and attention. These posters effectively use powerful and emotional symbols to communicate messages about identity, struggle, suffering, hope, and criticism of the injustices experienced by the Palestinian people, aiming to draw sympathy, awareness, and action from the international community. The conclusion of this study indicates that these posters successfully convey important messages about the situation in Palestine through a semiotic approach.
Fostering Learner Autonomy in Vietnamese Higher Education: What Factors to Be Considered?
Authors: Cao Dung Thi Phuong , Pho Phuong Dzung
Published: December 2024

Learner autonomy is widely recognized as a significant goal for tertiary education in enabling learners to become lifelong learners. To achieve this goal, it is crucial to identify what factors support or impede learner autonomy. This study, therefore, aims to explore influencing factors by collecting data from 420 English majors at a university in the south of Vietnam, using questionnaire surveys and focus group interviews. Its results show that motivation and teachers’ teaching styles and requirements are the two most influential factors, representing internal and external elements, respectively. Internal factors are found to be more influential than external ones, with eight out of nine identified as very influential (i.e., motivation, learning attitudes, knowledge of the subjects, language proficiency, learning styles, learning goals, preferences for self-study, learning methods/techniques). Family expectation emerged as a new external element contributing to learner autonomy. Discussion about the influence level and suggestions for facilitating learner autonomy are presented.
Estrategias de alimentación y retos de la acuicultura tropical
Authors: Hernandez-Vidal Ulises
Published: December 2024

Feeding accounts for more than 50% of the operating costs of commercial tropical aquaculture species such as tilapia and shrimp, while costs are difficult to estimate for emerging species, such as snooks and native cichlids, which are still under biotechnological development. Optimizing diets and feeding practices is essential to ensure the profitability and sustainability of the growing aquaculture industry. Specialized diets for critical stages such as reproduction and larval rearing are costly but justified by improved offspring quality and larval growth. However, the lack of specific feeds for emerging species forces the use of generic diets, such as those developed for tilapia or trout, which may not meet optimal nutritional requirements. This approach limits the productive evaluation of these species and, in the long term, the development of specific diets for commercialization. Dietary improvements include new ingredients and technological processes that increase efficiency, reduce costs, and minimize environmental impact. For example, the inclusion of animal meals has improved the acceptability of diets for carnivorous species. However, the design of feeding protocols remains challenging, particularly for larvae where live feed is common but costly. Genetics and environmental management are determining factors in the production performance of commercial species. In Mexico, the limited genetic acclimatization of imported tilapia has led to challenges such as diseases and stress episodes that affect growth and discourage investment. Integrating biotechnologies such as probiotics and prebiotics has shown benefits in the integrated management of the culture, reducing stress, improving feed efficiency, and reducing environmental impact. It is necessary to emphasize the generation of informed strategies that consider local resources and global information to minimize environmental and social risks and promote responsible and sustainable aquaculture that balances economic, social, and environmental benefits.
Incidence and management of dystocia of dairy cows in Manoharganj upazila of Cumilla district, Bangladesh
Authors: Al Wasef  , Md. Rashedul Islam
Published: December 2024

Every year, thousands of cows and calves die during parturition for poor parturition managements, and insufficient veterinary services. A total of 83 cases of dystocia were the subject of a retrospective investigation between January 2021 and December 2023 to determine the incidence of dystocia in dairy cows in Manoharganj upazila of Cumilla district, Bangladesh. The study revealed that local breed cows had a higher prevalence of dystocia (53.01%) than cross-breed cows (46.99%). Also, younger cows had a higher incidence of dystocia (71.08%) than older cows. Primiparous heifers showed a higher incidence of dystocia (69.88%) than pluriparous cows (30.12%). In addition, compared with naturally inseminated cows (9.64%), artificially inseminated dairy cows had a higher dystocia rate (90.36%). The occurrence of dystocia was found to occur more frequently in fetal causes (65.06%) than in maternal causes (34.94%). Among maternal causes, incomplete cervix dilation was the most common (18.07%), while fetal head deviation was the most frequent fetal cause (27.71%). Fetal oversize, carpal flexion, shoulder flexion, fetal dropsy, twin calves, uterine torsion, and uterine inertia were other low-incidence causes of dystocia. The most common method of managing dystocia was manual correction (91.57%), followed by fetotomy (4.82%), and C-section (3.61%). After dystocia treatment, 96.25% of dams survived, and 3.75% of cases resulted in dam deaths; fetal death occurred in 32.5% of cases, while the fetal survival rate was 67.5%. Therefore, this study suggest that when using artificial insemination, it is best to consider the breed of the dam and sire.
A LEI 13.964/19 E A (IN) CONSTITUCIONALIDADE DA EXECUÇÃO ANTECIPADA DA PENA NO TRIBUNAL DO JÚRI
Authors: Da Silva Negre Duarte Camilla , Oliveira Tarsis Barreto
Published: December 2024

O Pacote Anticrime (lei n. 13.964/2019), que entrou em vigor há quase 4 anos, trouxe uma série de alterações no que se refere à matéria criminal do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Uma delas é controversa e pode ter sido promulgada sem observação de um princípio constitucional importante e valorado na Constituição Federal: a presunção da inocência. A nova redação, que alterou o art. 492 do Código de Processo Penal, inseriu na alínea e, inciso I, que os condenados pelo Tribunal do Júri a uma pena igual ou superior a 15 anos deverão ser imediatamente presos e iniciar o cumprimento antecipado da pena. O tema é motivo de divergência na doutrina e na jurisprudência, que, até o momento, não pacificou o entendimento para dirimir as dúvidas e os questionamentos da sociedade e dos acusados. Ao longo do presente trabalho, buscou-se analisar a constitucionalidade desse artigo. Foi realizada uma análise da evolução jurisprudencial do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) sobre as várias mudanças de entendimento no que tange à execução provisória da pena e a temática da presunção de inocência. A constitucionalidade do artigo estava sendo apreciada pelo STF, com repercussão geral reconhecida; não obstante, o julgamento retornou recentemente no dia 07/08/2023 à pauta, mas será reiniciado, ainda sem data no STF. O método adotado no presente trabalho foi o dedutivo, e a técnica utilizada foi o levantamento bibliográfico e pesquisa documental, em fontes de pesquisas que incluem, principalmente, artigos, livros, dissertações, teses e demais publicações científicas.
FRAMEWORK TEÓRICO SOBRE MODELOS CLÁSSICOS DE ESTADO
Authors: Marques Martins Fontes Ismaley , Melo Daniela de Castro Melo , Lima Danielli Araújo
Published: December 2024

Objetivou-se desenvolver um framework teórico sobre modelos de Estado, contextualizando o cerne das teorias clássicas, as principais variáveis e o contexto histórico. Utilizou-se uma pesquisa descritiva visando identificar, analisar, caracterizar e detalhar os principais atributos qualificadores da forma de gestão do Estado em distintos momentos da história. Por meio de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, estudou-se as teorias clássicas (Estado moderno, Estado absoluto, Estado liberal, Estado do bem-estar social e Estado neoliberal), levantou-se o cerne delas, as características mais distintivas sob o panorama histórico. Fundamentado na revisão da literatura, sintetizou-se as percepções num framework teórico demonstrando a historicidade dos fatos associados aos modelos estudados. Para teoria, estabelece-se uma percepção compilada de fatos históricos, políticos, institucionais e administrativos de diferentes modelos do Estado moderno. Em termos práticos, a formulação de políticas públicas pode ser desenhada alinhada aos atributos de gestão do ente estatal mais assertivos. Como sugestão para futuros estudos científicos, propõe-se que autores utilizem a síntese dos atributos qualificadores e do contexto histórico para identificar indicadores representativos de cada um deles. Ademais, poderiam por meio destes indicadores elaborarem modelos multivariados para verificarem quais Estados nacionais são mais ou menos liberais, mais ou menos sociais.
Modulatory Effects of the Addition of Argan and Olive Oils on Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress Induced in Tetrahymena pyriformis
Authors: Essadek Soukaina , Lima Elena , Sassi Khouloud , Kamouni Soufiane El , El Kebbaj Riad , Lizard Gérard , Andreoletti Pierre , Cherkaoui-Malki Mustapha , Mrani Mohammed , Castro Antonio Jesús , Nasser Boubker , Alché Juan de Dios
Published: December 2024

Virgin Argan Oil (VAO) is extracted from the fruits of the Moroccan endemic species argan [Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels]. It is known for its richness in polyunsaturated fatty acids and its unique composition in tocopherols conferring a panoply of pharmacological properties, documented in several studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential protective effect of VAO against oxidative and nitrosative stress induced in cells of the model species Tetrahymena pyriformis. As a comparison, well-known Virgin Olive Oil (VOO) from Olea europaea L. was used instead. Both oils were subjected to a preliminary analysis of phytochemicals and properties of interest. Oxidative stress in T. pyriformis cells was induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at 350µM, whereas sodium nitroprusside (SNP) nitrosative stress was induced using a 1mM concentration. Neither of these concentrations caused relevant changes in cell viability. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was evaluated in the cell cultures by using H2-DCFDA dye. The activity and cell localization of the antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) was evaluated as well as the levels of glutathione (GSH) and the malondialdehyde (MDA) generated after lipid peroxidation. Finally, the presence and localization of intracellular lipid droplets was assessed by using Nile red. The treatment of cultures with H2O2 produced significant increases in the activity of CAT, SOD and GPX and in the level of GSH, as also did the SNP treatment. MDA level was increased by both the treatments. VAO and VOO treatment were found to protect T. pyriformis from oxidative stress and increased cells defense in nitrosative stress. In another hand VAO and VOO decreased significantly MDA level increased by H2O2 treatment and failed after SNP treatment. The quantification of fluorescence signal obtained from immunolocalization of antioxidant enzymes confirmed the results obtained after the evaluation of their activities. Interestingly the level of ROS and the number of lipid droplets increased by H2O2 treatment was significantly decreased by VAO and VOO co-treatments. VAO and VOO represent strong antioxidants, playing an important role in protecting cells against oxidative stress.
Utilizing Controlled Source Audio-Frequency Magnetotelluric (CSAMT) Method for Subsurface Structural Characterization of Wadi Rum, Southwest Jordan
Authors: Basaloom Abdullah , Alzahrani Hassan , Elwaheidi Mahmoud M
Published: December 2024

The UNISCO World Heritage Center announced in 2011 that the Wadi Rum Protected Area (WRPA) is a global landmark for natural and cultural attraction, which represents an emerging industrial suburban and a critical socio-economic significance to the country of Jordan. The study area in Wadi Rum is located northeast of the Gulf of Aqaba between the African and Arabian plates. The region is historically characterized by significant tectonic activity and seismic events. This study focuses on characterizing the subsurface structural features of Wadi Rum through the application of the geophysical method Controlled Source Audio-frequency Magnetotellurics (CSAMT). CSAMT data were collected from 16 sounding stations, processed, and qualitatively interpreted. The qualitative interpretation involved two main approaches: constructing sounding curves for each station and generating apparent resistivity maps at fixed depths (frequencies). The results revealed the presence of at least four distinct subsurface layers. The surface layer exhibited relatively low resistivity values (<200 Ω·m), corresponding to alluvial and wadi sediments, as well as mud flats. Two intermediate layers were identified: the first showed very low resistivity values (80–100 Ω·m), likely due to medium-grained bedded sandstone, while the second displayed intermediate resistivity values (100–800 Ω·m), representing coarse basal conglomerates and coarse sandstone formations. The deepest layer demonstrated very high resistivity values (>1000 Ω·m), which are likely attributed to basement rocks. Analysis of resistivity maps, combined with prior geological information, indicates that the subsurface in the study area features a graben-like structure, characterized by two detected faults trending in the northeast (NE) and southwest (SW) directions. The findings of this study, by providing critical insights into the subsurface structure, make a considerable contribution to the technical and scientific outlook that is necessary for the careful assessment of potential hazards and the strategic planning of future urban development within the protected area.
Interactive Effects of LED Spectrum and Nitrogen Levels on Physiological Changes and Yield of Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.)
Authors: Salisu Jibia Sirajo , Panjama Kanokwan , Inkham Chaiartid , Sato Takashi , Ohtake Norikuni , Ruamrungsri Soraya
Published: December 2024

Strawberries are valued globally for their nutritional, aesthetic, and economic benefits. Optimizing blue-to-red LED ratios and nitrogen levels is essential for sustainable indoor strawberry cultivation. This factorial study investigated the effects of blue and red LED combination ratios (L1; 1:3, L2; 1:4, and L3; 1:6) and nitrogen levels (N1; 100 and N2; 200 mg/L) on the physiology and performance of strawberry in plant factory. The results revealed that the interaction of L3 coupled and N2 max-imized the vegetative growth of strawberry plants, whereas L2 and N2 produced the greatest biomass, while L2 interacted with N1 to expedite flowering. Photosynthesis and transpiration were enhanced by L3, particularly with 100 mg/L of nitrogen. Also, the highest fruit yield and total soluble solids were obtained at the interaction of L3 and N1. Leaf nutrient analysis showed the highest nitrogen concentration at L1, while potassium increased with higher red LED ratios. The 100 mg/L nitrogen treatment resulted in higher leaf potassium concentrations than the 200 mg/L. These findings emphasize that LED spectra and nitrogen levels interact to optimize the physiology, vegetative and reproductive growth, maximizing fruit yield and quality in indoor strawberry cul-tivation. The study also concludes that the application of blue and red LED in the ratio of 1:6 with 100 mg/L nitrogen can improve indoor strawberry performance.
Neuroschistosomiasis: A Narrative Review of a Multifaceted Nature of a Neglected Tropical Disease
Authors: Pitton Rissardo Jamir , Byroju Vishnu Vardhan , Fornari Caprara Ana Leticia
Published: December 2024

Neuroschistosomiasis, a severe neurological manifestation of schistosomiasis caused by parasitic trematodes of Schistosoma, represents a significant yet often overlooked public health challenge, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. Characterized by the invasion of the central nervous system by Schistosoma larvae, neuroschistosomiasis can lead to a wide range of neurological complications, including motor dysfunction, cognitive impairment, seizures, and even paralysis. Despite its devastating impact on affected individuals, neuroschistosomiasis remains underdiagnosed and underreported, primarily due to limited awareness among healthcare professionals and the complexity of its clinical presentation. Early recognition and timely intervention are paramount in mitigating the neurological sequelae of neuroschistosomiasis. Improved diagnostic tools and surveillance systems are needed to facilitate accurate diagnosis and prompt treatment initiation. Furthermore, there is a critical need for further research to better understand epidemiology, pathophysiology, and optimal management strategies for neuroschistosomiasis. Integrating neuroschistosomiasis into existing schistosomiasis control programs, strengthening healthcare infrastructure in endemic areas, and fostering interdisciplinary collaboration among healthcare professionals, researchers, policymakers, and community stakeholders are essential to addressing this neglected tropical disease.
Theory and Applications of the Eshelby Ellipsoidal Elastic Inclusion Problem
Authors: Ghosh Sourangshu
Published: December 2024

In this document, we fully review the theory and applications of the Eshelby Ellipsoidal Elastic Inclusion Problem. We rigorously derive all the equations related to the Eshelby Ellipsoidal Elastic Inclusion Problem and its applications to various Micro-mechanics problems like Ellipsodial Inhomogenity, Cracks, and Dislocations.
A New Blood-Based Epigenetic Diagnostic Biomarker Test (Episwitch® NST) with High Sensitivity and Positive Predictive Value for Colorectal Cancer and Precancerous Polyps
Authors: Hunter Ewan , Alshaker Heba , Weston Cicely , Issa Mutaz , Bautista Shekinah , Gebregzabhar Abel , Virdi Anya , Dring Ann , Powell Ryan , Green Jayne , Lal Roshan , Velchuru Vamsi , Aryal Kamal , Bin Abu Hassan Muhammad Radzi , Meng Goh Tiong , Patel Janisha Suriakant , Mohamed Gani Shameera Pharveen , Lim Chun Ren , Guiel Thomas , Akoulitchev Alexandre , Pchejetski Dmitri
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives
Colorectal cancer (CRC) arises from the epithelial lining of the colon or rectum, often following a progression from benign adenomatous polyps to malignant carcinoma. Screening modalities such as colonoscopy, faecal immunochemical tests (FIT), and FIT-DNA are critical for early detection and prevention, but non-invasive methods lack sensitivity to polyps and early CRC.
Chromosome conformations (CCs) are potent epigenetic regulators of gene expression. We have previously developed an epigenetic assay, EpiSwitch®, that employs an algorithmic-based CCs analysis. Using EpiSwitch® technology, we have shown the presence of cancer-specific CCs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and primary tumours of patients with melanoma and prostate cancer. EpiSwitch®-based commercial tests are now available to diagnose prostate cancer with 94% accuracy (PSE test) and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors across 14 cancers with 85% accuracy (CiRT test).

Methods/Results/Conclusions
Using blood samples collected from n=171 patients with CRC, n=44 patients with colorectal polyps and n=110 patients with ‘clear’ colonoscopy we performed whole Genome DNA screening for CCs correlating to CRC diagnosis. Our findings suggest the presence of two Eight-marker CC signatures (Episwitch® NST) in whole blood that allow diagnosis of CRC and precancerous polyps, respectively. Independent validation cohort testing demonstrated high accuracy in identifying colorectal polyps and early versus late stages of CRC with an exceptionally high sensitivity of 79-90% and a high positive prediction value of 60-84%. Linking the top diagnostic CCs to nearby genes, we have built pathways maps that likely underline processes contributing to the pathology of polyp and CRC progression, including TGFβ, cMYC, Rho GTPase, ROS, TNFa/NFκB, and APC.
What Does It Take to Develop an Effective Climate Change Curriculum?
Authors: Eilam Efrat
Published: December 2024

The present conceptual paper addresses the question: What does it take to develop an effective climate change (CC) curriculum? Three different lenses are applied in developing a comprehensive critical analysis of CC curriculum development. The first lens consists of examining current literary approaches for addressing CC curriculum development. The second lens takes an empirical approach by examining CC inclusion in two exemplary curricula, the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS), and the State of New Jersey Student Learning Standards (NJSLS), United States of America (USA). The third lens focuses on discussing critical gaps revealed in the analysis. These include CC inclusion through a cross-curricular approach unproblematized; key socio-economic-political concepts underpinning CC not articulated; lack of thematic organization; the importance of non-linear CC thematic organization; terminological consistency; insufficient consideration given for learning progression; and disaster risk reduction—a neglected theme. The paper concludes with a set of recommendations for CC curriculum development.
Use of Pressure Transient Analysis Method to Assess Fluid-Soaking in Multi-Fractured Shale Gas Wells
Authors: Guo Boyun , Hussain Majid
Published: December 2024

Multi-stage hydraulic fracturing is a key technology adopted in the energy industry to make shale gas and shale oil fields profitable. Post-frac fluid soaking before putting wells into production has been found essential for enhancing well productivity. Finding the optimum time to terminate the fluid-soaking process is an open problem to solve. Post-frac shut-in pressure data from six wells in two shale gas fields were investigated in this study based on Pressure Transient Analysis (PTA) to reveal fluid-soaking performance. It was found that pressure derivative data become scattering after 1 day of well shut in. The overall trend of pressure derivative data after the first day of well shut-in should reflect the effectiveness of fluid-soaking. Two wells exhibited flat (zero-slope) pressure derivatives within one week of fluid-soaking, indicating adequate time of fluid-soaking. Four wells exhibited increasing pressure derivatives within one week of fluid-soaking, indicating inadequate time of fluid-soaking. This observation is consistent with reported well’s Estimated Ultimate Recovery (EUR). This study presents a new approach to assessment of post-frac fluid-soaking performance with real-time shut-in pressure data.
Evolution and Mechanistic Diversity of 5'-UTR G-quadruplex-Mediated Translation Regulation: Current Understanding and Methodological Challenges
Authors: Kamzeeva Polina N. , Alferova Vera A. , Korshun Vladimir A. , Varizhuk Anna M. , Aralov Andrey V.
Published: December 2024

RNA G-quadruplexes (rG4s) in 5'-UTRs represent complex regulatory elements capable of both inhibiting and activating mRNA translation through diverse mechanisms. This review analyzes the evolution of our understanding of 5'-UTR rG4-mediated translation regulation, from early discoveries of simple translation inhibitors to the current recognition of their multifaceted regulatory roles. We discuss canonical and non-canonical rG4 structures, their interactions with regulatory proteins including helicases and FMRP, and their function in both cap-dependent and IRES-mediated translation. Special attention is given to the synergistic effects between rG4s and upstream open reading frames (uORFs), stress-responsive translation regulation, and their role in repeat-associated non-AUG (RAN) translation linked to neurodegenerative diseases. We critically evaluate methodological challenges in the field, including limitations of current detection methods, reporter system artifacts, and the necessity to verify rG4 presence in endogenous transcripts. Recent technological advances, including genome editing and high-throughput sequencing approaches, have revealed that rG4 effects are more complex and context-dependent than initially thought. This review highlights the importance of developing more robust methodologies for studying rG4s at endogenous levels and carefully reevaluating previously identified targets, while emphasizing their potential as therapeutic targets in various diseases.
Proximate Analysis of Wild Freshwater Yellow European Eel (Anguilla anguilla) compared with Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Rasmussen Gorm
Published: December 2024

Total 150 samples of complete wild freshwater yellow eel (7.5 – 46.9 cm; 0.42 – 174.3 g wet wt.) were analyzed for percentage water and content of ash and Kcal (i.e. energy) from bomb calorimetry. Content of protein per g dry wt. was calculated from values of Kcal, and content of lipid per g dry wt. was calculated as a difference between contents of protein and ash. Percentage water was highly negative correlated with eel body mass g wet wt. Lipid content per g body wet wt. increased highly with eel body mass. This was in contrast to the constant contents of protein and ash per g wet wt. over varying eel body masses. Kcal per g wet wt. from bomb calorimetry (represent energy in protein + lipid + carbohydrate) was inverse correlated with percentage water. Calculated Kcal (calculated from contents of protein + lipid) was highly correlated, but 5% higher, compared with observed Kcal from bomb calorimetry and suggest, that the factor for converting lipid to Kcal is too high and that the content of carbohydrate was not included. The results were compared with proximate analysis of domesticated rainbow trout maximal fed with high energy food. In general, rainbow trout had a lower energy content and content of lipid per g body wet wt. compared to yellow eel. In contrast to yellow eel, the content of protein per g wet wt. in rainbow trout was highly increasing with decreasing water content. We suggest that this is because the high-energy content in food and very high growth rate of domesticated rainbow trout. The constants for calculating energy from protein and lipid was discussed.
Integrating Diurnal Physiological and Structural Variations in SIF for Enhanced Daily Drought Detection in Maize
Authors: Wang Jin , Liu Zhigang , Jiang Hao , Yang Peiqi , Xu Shan , Guo Tingrui , Zhang Runfei , Han Dalei , Zhao Huarong
Published: December 2024

Daily water stress reflects the water stress status of crops on a specific day, which is crucial for studying drought progression and guiding precision irrigation. However, accurately monitoring the daily water stress remains challenging, particularly when eliminating the impact of historical stress and normal growth. Recent studies have demonstrated that the diurnal characteristics of the crop canopy obtained via remote sensing techniques can be used to assess daily water stress levels effectively. Remote sensing observations, such as the solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) and reflectance, offer information on the crop canopy structure, physiology or their combination. However, the sensitivity of different structural, physiological or combined remote sensing variables to the daily water stress remains unclear. We investigated this issue via continuous measurements of active fluorescence, leaf rolling, and canopy spectra of maize under different irrigation conditions. The results indicated that with increasing water stress, vegetation exhibited significant coordinated diurnal variations in both structure and physiology. The influence of water stress was minimal in the morning but peaked at noon. The morning-to-noon ratio (NMR) of the apparent SIF yield (SIFy), in which only the effect of the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) is eliminated and in which both structural and physiological information is incorporated, exhibited the highest sensitivity to water stress variations. This NMR of the SIFy was followed by the NMR of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the NMR of the canopy fluorescence emission efficiency (ΦFcanopy) obtained via the fluorescence correction vegetation index (FCVI) method, which primarily reflect structural and physiological information, respectively. This study highlights the advantages of utilizing diurnal vegetation structural and physiological variations for monitoring daily water stress levels.
Effect of Graphene Nanoplatelets as Lubricant Additive on Fuel Consumption During Vehicle Emission Tests
Authors: Tomanik Eduardo , Christinelli Wania , Garcia Pamela Sierra , Rajala Scott , Crepaldi Jesuel , Franzosi Davi , Souza Roberto Martins , Rovai Fernando Fusco
Published: December 2024

Lubricant friction modifier additives are used on lower-viscosity engine oils to mitigate the impact on boundary friction. In this work, the use of Graphene nanoplatelets, with an average of 9 layers, was first investigated as an additive to a fully formulated SAE 0W-20 engine oil during reciprocating tribological tests at 40 and 120 °C and Hertzian pressure up to 1.2 GPa. Then, engine fuel consumption was evaluated in a vehicle emission test by adding 0.1% of GNP, in an improved booster, onto a fully formulated 5W-20 SAE oil. Adding 0.1% of GNP reduced fuel consumption by 2.6% in the FTP-75 cycle and 0.8% in the Highway cycle.
Effects of Tartaric Acid on Eosinophil Activation and Th2 Cytokines in Mice
Authors: Riaz Bushra , Ryu Hye-Myung , Choi Bunsoon , Sohn Seonghyang
Published: December 2024

Eosinophils are granulocytes involved in the effector phase of type 2 T cell immune responses, which are elevated in inflammatory conditions like ulcerative colitis (UC) and other allergic diseases. UC is a chronic inflammatory colon disease, marked by excessive eosinophil infiltration, upregulation of their regulatory molecules, and elevated Th2 cytokines, which contribute to mucosal inflammation and tissue damage. This research is the first to explore the dose-dependent effects of tartaric acid (TA), a naturally occurring organic acid, on eosinophil activation and Th2 cytokine response in both normal mice and a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model. Normal mice were treated with TA at varying doses (5 µg, 25 µg, and 50 µg/mouse/day), while colitis mice received 50 µg TA. Eosinophil activation markers (CD11b+, SiglecF+, CCR3+) and Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-13, IL-31), and IL-17 were assessed in peripheral blood leukocytes, lymph nodes, and splenocytes using flow cytometry. Additionally, mRNA expression levels of eosinophil-associated chemokines and cytokines in the splenocytes were quantified with real-time qPCR. Our results demonstrate a dose-dependent effect of TA, with the highest dose (50 µg) significantly increasing eosinophil activation markers, Th2 cytokines, IL-17, and mRNA expression of SiglecF, CCL11 and toll-like receptor 4 in normal mice. In colitis mice, treatment with 50 µg TA showed marked increases in IL-13 levels compared to untreated colitis mice, reflecting increased eosinophil recruitment to inflamed tissues. Moreover, mRNA expression of IL-5Rα was elevated in normal mice and colitis mice administered with TA. These results suggest that TA enhances eosinophil proliferation, upregulation of their regulatory molecules, and Th2 immune profiles, potentially worsening the severity of colitis.
Distribution, Biosynthesis, and Function of Carotenoids in Oxygenic Phototrophic Algae
Authors: Takaichi Shinichi
Published: December 2024

For photosynthesis, phototrophic organisms necessarily contain not only chlorophylls but also carotenoids. Various carotenoids have been identified in algae and taxonomic studies of algae have been conducted. In this review, the relationship between the distribution of chlorophylls and carotenoids and the phylogeny of sea and fresh water oxygenic phototrophs, including cyanobacteria, red algae, brown algae, and green algae, is summarized. These phototrophs contain division- or class-specific carotenoids, such as fucoxanthin, peridinin, diadinoxanthin, and siphonaxanthin. The distribution of -carotene and its derivatives, including -carotene, zeaxanthin, violaxanthin, neoxanthin, diadinoxanthin, fucoxanthin, and peridinin (-branch carotenoids), are limited to divisions of a part of Rhodophyta, Cryptophyta, Heterokontophyta, Haptophyta, and Dinophyta. Whereas, the distribution of α-carotene and its derivatives, such as lutein, loroxanthin, and siphonaxanthin (α-branch carotenoids), are limited to divisions of a part of Rhodophyta (macrophytic type), Cryptophyta, Euglenophyta, Chlorarachniophyta, and Chlorophyta. In addition, carotenogenesis pathways are also discussed based on the chemical structures of carotenoids and the known characteristics of carotenogenesis enzymes in other organisms. The specific genes and enzymes for carotenogenesis in algae are not yet known. Most carotenoids bind to membrane-bound pigment-protein complexes, such as reaction centers and light-harvesting complexes. Some carotenoids function in photosynthesis and are briefly summarized. Water-soluble peridinin-chlorophyll a-protein (PCP) and orange carotenoid protein (OCP) have also been characterized. This review is a summary and update from the previous review (Takaichi, S. Carotenoids in Algae. Mar. Drugs 2011, 9, 1101-1118) on the distribution of major carotenoids, primary carotenogenesis pathways, and the characteristics of carotenogenesis enzymes and genes.
Hyaluronic Acid Based Drug Delivery Systems for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Pashkina Ekaterina , Bykova Maria , Berishvili Marya , Lazarev Yaroslav , Kozlov Vladimir
Published: December 2024

In recent years, hyaluronic acid (HA) has attracted increasing attention as a promising biomaterial for the development of drug delivery systems. Due to its unique properties, such as high biocompatibility, low toxicity, and modifiability, HA is becoming a basis for the creation of targeted drug delivery systems, especially in the field of oncology. Receptors for HA overexpressed in subpopulations of cancer cells and one of them, CD44, is recognized as a molecular marker for cancer stem cells. This review examines the role of HA and its receptors in health and tumors and analyzes existing HA-based delivery systems and their use in various types of cancer. The development of new HA-based drug delivery systems will bring new opportunities and challenges to anti-cancer therapy.
Antibacterial Efficacy Comparison of Electrolytic and Reductive Silver Nanoparticles Against Propionibacterium Acnes
Authors: Suparno Suparno , Prasetyowati Rita , Aziz Khafidh Nur , Rahma Anggarwati , Lestari Eka Sentia Ayu , Nabiila Siti , Grace Deby
Published: December 2024

The increasing interest in developing silver nanoparticles as antibiotic raw materials has attracted much attention, as the most common reduction and electrolysis techniques produce the toxic gas byproduct nitrogen dioxide. This paper reports a successful effort to develop a modified toxic-free electrolysis technique to produce electrolytic silver nanoparticles (ESN). A comparison of the physical and biological properties of ESN and reductive silver nanoparticles (RSN) was made. The presence of silver atoms in the solution was determined using a UV visible spectrometer and absorption peaks were found at 425 nm (ESN) and 437 nm (RSN). The particle size in solution was determined using dynamic light scattering and the diameter was found to be approximately 40 nm (for ESN) and 70 nm (for RSN). Antibacterial efficacy and power to prevent the development of bacterial resistance against Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) were assessed using the Kirby-Bauer method. Statistical analysis of clear zone diameter data showed that unlike RSN, the efficacy of ESN increased with higher concentrations. The efficacy of ESN and RSN is relatively lower than Chloramphenicol 5% because it is measured in different concentration units (ESN and RSN in ppm and Chloramphenicol in %). By using a calibration curve, the efficacy of 5% Chloramphenicol can be equated to 0.005% ESN. In addition, P. acnes developed strong resistance to Chloramphenicol, weak resistance to RSN and showed no resistance to ESN. These findings underscore the extraordinary potential of ESN as a raw material for future antibiotics.
Temporal Magneto-Optics
Authors: Mendonça José Tito
Published: December 2024

We consider temporal optical effects in the presence of static fields, and more general, in anisotropic optical materials. We show that magneto-optical effects can occur due to temporal variations of the refractive index. Faraday rotations, Cotton-Mouton effects and other polarimetric processes due to static magnetic or electric fields are demonstrated. Exemples of magneto-plasmas and nonlinear Kerr media are discussed in detail. These temporal processes could be of general interest in photonics.
The Balance Between the Natriuretic Peptides and the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System in the Preservation of Ideal Cardiovascular Health
Authors: Rubattu Speranza , Gallo Giovanna , Volpe Massimo
Published: December 2024

A healthy lifestyle plays a key role for maintaining the cardiovascular health (CVH) status and prevent cardiovascular disease occurrence. In fact, a healthy lifestyle was included in the AHA Cardiovascular Health score (Life’s Simple 7 [LS7]), subsequently updated to Life’s Simple 8 [LS8]. Apart from the importance of controlling conventional cardiovascular risk factors, increasing evidence supports the contributory role of cardiovascular hormones. Higher levels of natriuretic peptides (NPs) and lower levels of renin and aldosterone were significantly associated to CVH. NT-proBNP levels showed a direct relationship with CVH scores in large general Caucasian populations, being also a marker of CVH changes and a predictor of future adverse events. On the other hand, renin and aldosterone were inversely related to CVH scores. In contrast, the counter-regulatory angiotensins [Ang (1-7) acting through Mas receptor, Ang (1-9) acting through Angiotensin Type 2 receptor, and alamandine] strengthen the beneficial properties of NPs. This evidence can be explained by both the effects on systemic hemodynamic and possible pleiotropic local functions regulating different pathways involved in the maintenance of CVH. Based on the current evidence, circulating levels of NT-proBNP, renin and aldosterone may affect CVH in apparently asymptomatic individuals and represent additional markers of residual cardiovascular risk.
Environmentally Friendly Green O-Alkylation Reaction for Ethenzamide Synthesis
Authors: Niedziejko-Ćwiertnia Paulina , Drabczyk Anna Karolina , Kułaga Damian , Podobińska Patrycja , Bachowski Wojciech , Zeńczak-Tomera Kamila , Michorczyk Piotr , Sheng Ruilong , Jaśkowska Jolanta
Published: December 2024

Ethenzamide (2-ethoxybenzamide), besides acetylsalicylic acid, is one of the mostly used salicylic acid derivatives in pharmaceuticals. It has analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects that originated from the inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX-1) activity, thus blocking prostaglandin synthesis. In this work, efficient and eco-friendly methods were developed for the synthesis of ethenzamide via the O-alkylation reaction of salicylamide. The reactions were carried out under conventional conditions in a solvent-free system using variant solvents and different phase transfer catalysts (PTC) in the presence of microwave radiation or ultrasonic conditions. It was shown that in solvent-free conditions using TBAB as a catalyst, ethenzamide can be obtained within 15 min at 80°C with 79% yield. Meanwhile, using microwave radiation under the same conditions, the reaction time can be shortened to 90 s with 92% yield. Notably, high yields can be achieved under PTC in water (or organic solvent-free) conditions using microwave radiation (2 min, 94%) or ultrasound (10 min, 95% efficiency). The studies prove that the PTC synthesis process of ethenzamide can be conducted under mild conditions, with a shorter reaction time and remarkably lower energy consumption in comparison to conventional processes, thus actualizing the ‘green chemistry’ for practical ethezamide preparation.
Transcultural Adaptation and Evaluation of the Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Version of the FCR7 Questionnaire for Assessing Fear of Recurrence in Cancer Patients: FCR6/7-SP
Authors: Díaz-Períanez Cristina , Camacho-Bejarano Rafaela , González-de la Torre Héctor , Cruickshank Susanne , Humphris Gerald Michael , Bayo-Lozano Eloísa , Merino-Navarro Dolores
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Fear of recurrence is one of the main issues affecting cancer patients after the completion of treatment. Despite the development of various assessment tools at an international level, there is a lack of validated questionnaires in Spanish. For this reason, the aim of this study is to conduct a transcultural adaptation and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Fear of Cancer Recurrence (FCR7) questionnaire. Methods: Translation and transcultural adaptation of the FCR7 scale, content validity assessment through expert review, and face validity with a pilot test in the first phase. In the second phase, construct validity was evaluated through confirmatory factor analysis and RASCH analysis, along with reliability (internal consistency), convergent-divergent validation, and known-groups validation in a sample of 315 individuals with a history of cancer. Descriptive and inferential analysis was performed using JAMOVI© software, confirmatory factor analysis with FACTOR©, and RASCH analysis with JMetrik© software. Results: Aiken's coefficient exceeded 0.75 for all items, indicating acceptable face validity for the instrument. Two unidimensional models were obtained for the instrument, FCR7-SP and FCR6-SP, both showing acceptable fit values and adequate reliability (omega coefficient = 0.933 [95% CI: 0.922-0.944] and 0.942 [95% CI: 0.931-0.951], respectively). Conclusions: The Spanish version of the FCR7 is valid and reliable for assessing fear of cancer recurrence in the Spanish population, with two models available for its application (FCR7-SP and FCR6-SP). The availability of this tool will enable the evaluation of this phenomenon in clinical practice, and a more effective approach to addressing its consequences.
WindRAD Scatterometer Quality Control in Rain
Authors: Li Zhen , Verhoef Anton , Stoffelen Ad
Published: December 2024

Rain backscatter corrupts Ku-band scatterometer wind retrieval by mixing with the signatures of the backscatter measurements (σ∘) on the sea surface. The measurements are sensitive to rain clouds due to the short wavelength, and the rain-contaminated measurements in a WVC (Wind Vector Cell) deviate from the measurements that are simulated using the wind GMF (Geophysical Model Function). Therefore, QC (Quality Control) is essential to guarantee the retrieved winds' quality and consistency. The normalized MLE (Maximum Likelihood Estimator) residual (Rn​) is a QC indicator representing the distance between the measurements and the wind GMF; it works locally for one WVC. JOSS is another QC indicator. It is the speed component of the observation cost function, which is sensitive to spatial inconsistencies in the wind field. RnJ is a combined indicator, and it takes both local information (Rn) and spatial consistency (JOSS​) into account. This paper focuses on WindRAD on the FY-3E (Fengyun-3E) satellite, a dual-frequency (C and Ku band) rotating-fan-beam scatterometer. The Rn and RnJ​ have been established and thoroughly investigated for Ku-band-only and combined C&Ku wind retrieval. A polynomial fit is applied to select the optimal Rn​ threshold. The C-band measurements are hardly influenced by rain, so the Ku-based Rn​ is proposed for the C&Ku wind retrieval instead of the total Rn​ from both C and Ku bands. In conclusion, the RnJ gives the optimal QC result for the Ku-band-only and C&Ku wind retrieval. Adding the C-band into the retrieval suppresses the rain effect; therefore, a promising QC skill can be achieved with fewer rejected winds.