bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Real‐time monitoring and estimation of the discharge of flash floods in a steep mountain catchment
Authors: Zhang Guotao , Cui Peng , Yin Yanzhou , Liu Dingzhu , Jin Wen , Wang Hao , Yan Yan , Ahmed Bazai Nazir , Wang Jiao
Published: July 2019

Synchronously and accurately estimating the flood discharges and dynamic changes in the fluid density is essential for hydraulic analysis and forecasting of flash floods, as well as for risk assessment. However, such information is rare for steep mountain catchments, especially in regions that are hotspots for earthquakes. Therefore, six hydrological monitoring sites were established in the main stream and tributaries of the 78.3‐km2 Longxi River catchment, an affected region of the Wenchuan earthquake region in China. Direct real‐time monitoring equipment was installed to measure the flow depths, velocities, and fluid total pressures of the flood hydrographs. On the basis of field measurements, real‐time mean cross‐sectional velocities during the flood hydrographs could be derived from easily obtainable parameters: cross‐sectional maximum velocities and the calibrated dimensionless parameter Kh. Real‐time discharges were determined on the basis of a noncontact method to establish the effective rating curves of this mountainous stream, ranging from 1.46 to 386.34 m3/s with the root mean square errors of ≤10.22 m3/s. Compared with the traditional point‐velocity method and empirical Manning's formula, the proposed noncontact method was reliable and safe for monitoring whole flood hydrographs. Additionally, the real‐time fluid density during the flood hydrographs was calculated on the basis of the direct monitoring parameters for fluid total pressures and water depths. During the flood hydrograph, transient flow behaviour with higher fluid density generally occurred downstream during the flood peak periods when the flow was in the supercritical flow regime. The observed behaviour greatly increased the threat of damage to infrastructure and human life near the river. Thus, it is important to accurately estimate flood discharge and identify for fluid densities so that people at risk from an impending flash flood are given reliable, advanced warning.
Effects of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons combined with high‐risk human papillomavirus infection on cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: A population study in Shanxi Province, China
Authors: Li Xiaoxue , Ding Ling , Song Li , Gao Wen , Wang Lu , Wang Jintao
Published: July 2019

High‐risk human papillomavirus (HR‐HPV) infection is a major etiological agent in the progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are carcinogenic pollutants that exist widely in the environment. We hypothesized that PAHs exposure was related to the progression of cervical cancer, and could increase the effect of HR‐HPV on CIN. We investigated the effects of PAHs exposure combined with HR‐HPV infection on CIN in community population in Shanxi Province, China. A total of 2,285 women were enrolled into the study. HR‐HPV genotypes were detected by flow‐through hybridization technology. 1‐hydroxypyrene (1‐OHP) was detected by high‐performance liquid chromatography. The top three HR‐HPV genotypes were 16, 58 and 52 in turn. With unconditional logistic regression analysis, we found that HR‐HPV infection (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 4.08, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.00–5.54), HPV16 infection (aOR = 4.71, 95% CI: 3.39–6.53), HPV58 infection (aOR = 2.29, 95% CI: 1.41–3.73) and PAHs high exposure (aOR = 2.57, 95% CI: 1.82–3.62) increased the risk of CIN2/3, showing an increasing trend (p < 0.001) with the severity of cervical lesions. Compared to Q1 (<0.06 μmol/molCr) levels of 1‐OHP, women with Q4 (>0.11 μmol/molCr) had a higher risk for CIN2/3 (aOR = 7.68, 95% CI: 4.83–12.22). Additionally, we observed that there was a synergic effect between high exposure to PAHs and HR‐HPV infection in CIN2/3. Furthermore, the results from the generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction model showed that there were joint interactions of PAHs, HPV16, HPV58 and HPV52 on the risk of CIN2/3. Our study revealed that high exposure to PAHs could increase the risk for CIN, and it posed stronger risk when combined with HR‐HPV infection.
The role of high‐density lipoproteins in antitumor drug delivery
Authors: Sarhadi Susan , Ganjali Shiva , Pirro Matteo , Sahebkar Amirhossein
Published: July 2019

High‐density lipoproteins (HDLs) are the smallest lipoprotein with the highest level of protein in their surface. The main role of HDLs are reverse transport of cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver. More recently, HDLs have been considered as a new drug delivery system because of their small size, proper surface properties, long circulation time, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low immune stimulation. Delivery of anticancer drug to the tumor tissue is a major obstacle against successful chemotherapy, which is because of the toxicity and poor aqueous solubility of these drugs. Loading chemotherapeutic drugs in the lipid core of HDLs can overcome the aforementioned problems and increase the efficiency of drug delivery. In this review, we discuss the use of HDLs particles in drug delivery to the tumor tissue and explain some barriers and limitations that exist in the use of HDLs as an ideal delivery vehicle.
Evaluating the stability, validity, and utility of hierarchies produced by the Social Interaction Preference Assessment
Authors: Morris Samuel L. , Vollmer Timothy R.
Published: July 2019

Morris and Vollmer (2020) evaluated a novel method of assessing preference for social interaction, which they called the Social Interaction Preference Assessment (SIPA), and found it often produced hierarchies similar to a concurrent operant reinforcer assessment. We replicated and extended these findings. In study 1, we evaluated the stability of the SIPA hierarchies by conducting multiple SIPAs with 5 participants diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). In Study 2, we evaluated the validity and utility of these hierarchies by providing different social interactions as consequences for skill acquisition tasks with 3 participants from the first study. Varying degrees of stability in the SIPA hierarchies and a high level of correspondence between these hierarchies and rates of acquisition during the reinforcer assessment were observed. These findings and their implications are discussed.
Enhancing the photoresponse by CdSe‐Dye‐TiO2‐based multijunction systems for efficient dye‐sensitized solar cells: A theoretical outlook
Authors: Manzoor Taniya , Pandith Altaf Hussain
Published: July 2019

This work presents theoretical modeling of some systems, using density functional theory (DFT), for enhancing the photoresponse of a dye‐sensitized solar cell. The optimization of the dye (NKX 2587) as well as the dye derivatives was carried out using B3LYP and 6‐311g (d,p) level of theory, using DFT as incorporated in Gaussian 03 level of programming. The HOMO–LUMO energy gaps are lower for (CdSe)13‐Dye‐(TiO2)6 multijunction systems in comparison with both the isolated dyes as well as dye‐TiO2 systems. The absorption peaks were found to be mostly red‐shifted for (CdSe)13‐Dye‐(TiO2)6 multijunction systems with respect to the Dye‐TiO2 systems, indicating the enhancement of the absorption behavior of the dye sensitizer by its interaction with the CdSe framework. The results thus indicate some sort of co‐sensitization of the TiO2 by the dye sensitizer as well as the CdSe quantum dot and are hence expected to increase the efficiency of the solar device. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cardiopulmonary dysfunction in perinatally HIV‐infected South African adolescents on antiretroviral therapy: baseline findings from the Cape Town Adolescent Antiretroviral Cohort
Authors: Githinji Leah N , Mahtab Sana , Zühlke Liesl , Lawrenson John , Myer Landon , Gray Diane , Zar Heather
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has reduced morbidity and mortality in sub‐Saharan Africa, but the burden of coexistent cardiopulmonary disease in perinatally HIV‐positive adolescents on antiretroviral therapy (ART) has not been well described. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and associations of cardiopulmonary dysfunction in adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV on ART.

Methods

For this cross‐sectional analysis, 515 perinatally HIV‐positive adolescents ages 9 to 14 years on ART for at least six months, and a comparator group of 110 age‐matched HIV‐uninfected adolescents were tested between August 2013 and April 2015 using echocardiography, six‐minute walk test (6MWT) and spirometry. Those with either abnormal spirometry or abnormal 6MWT and any right or left systolic or diastolic dysfunction or abnormal mean pulmonary arterial pressure were considered as having impaired cardiopulmonary function. Logistic regression was used to investigate determinants of impaired cardiopulmonary function.

Results

Overall, 474 adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV (mean [SD] age, 12 [1.6] years; median [IQR] ART duration, 7 [4.6 to 9.3] years; median [IQR] CD4 count, 712 [571 to 959] cell/mm3) and 109 HIV‐uninfected adolescents mean (SD) age 11.8 (1.8) years, had successful cardiac and lung function testing. Impaired cardiopulmonary function was detected in 13% of adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV and 8% of HIV‐uninfected adolescents, p = 0.136. Among adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV, those with low tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) had significantly lower mean FEV1, 1.5 L versus 1.6 L, p = 0.011. Height (OR 0.7, 95%CI 0.5 to 0.9), body mass index (OR 0.7, 95%CI 0.5 to 0.9) and past pulmonary tuberculosis (OR 2.3, 95%CI 1.2 to 4.4) were significantly associated with a low cardiopulmonary function.

Conclusions

Despite being on ART, cardiopulmonary dysfunction occurs in an appreciable proportion of perinatally HIV‐infected adolescents but no significant difference to uninfected controls. This finding requires further exploration. Factors associated with dysfunction may be amenable to public health interventions to reduce cardiopulmonary disease in this population.
Understanding knowledge hiding in organizations
Authors: Connelly Catherine E. , Černe Matej , Dysvik Anders , Škerlavaj Miha
Published: July 2019

In our introduction to this special issue on understanding knowledge hiding in organizations, we provide some context to how and why this phenomenon should be studied. We then describe the five articles that comprise the special issue, and we note some common themes and divergences in this collection. Our introduction concludes with some suggestions for future research on knowledge hiding in organizations.
Using a Collaborative Model in Supervision With International Counseling Students
Authors: LAU JARED , SU YI‐WEN , CHEN CHING‐CHEN , DAI CHIA‐LIANG
Published: July 2019

This article addresses the supervisory needs of international counseling students and provides recommendations for supervision through a collaborative supervision model. Collaborative supervision promotes a sharing emphasis on the roles of language, conversation, self, and stories, whereby both supervisee and supervisor develop a relationship that invites jointly creating knowledge.
Characteristics of Polypeptide/Phospholipid Monolayers on Water and the Plasma‐Activated Polyetheretherketone Support
Authors: Przykaza Kacper , Woźniak Klaudia , Jurak Małgorzata , Wiącek Agnieszka Ewa
Published: July 2019

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a highly biocompatible polymer widely used in medicine as an implant production material. In this article, the PEEK surface was characterized in terms of its wettabillity properties after the physicochemical modifications by treatment with the low‐temperature air plasma and covering with the Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) monolayers of polypeptide (cyclosporine A, CsA) and/or phospholipid (1,2‐dipalmitoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine, DPPC). The LB deposition was preceded by the analysis of miscibility and morphology of monolayers at the air/water interface by means of the Langmuir technique and Brewster angle microscopy (BAM). Then, wettability of the polymer‐supported films was evaluated by the contact angle measurements of three probe liquids of different characters (two polar—water and formamide, one apolar—diiodomethane). The measured contact angles allowed for determination of the surface free energy and its components based on the Lifshitz‐van der Waals/acid–base (LWAB) approach. Some relations between the kind and magnitude of interactions within the model membranes on the water subphase and those of the PEEK‐supported membranes with the liquids were found out. The results allowed obtaining the interesting models of biological coatings with potential applications.
Longitudinal Associations Between Dysfunctional Maltreatment‐Related Cognitions and Psychopathology in Children and Adolescents
Authors: de Haan Anke , Keller Ferdinand , Ganser Helene G. , Münzer Annika , Witt Andreas , Goldbeck Lutz
Published: July 2019

Dysfunctional posttraumatic cognitions seem to play an important role in adjustment after traumatic experiences. However, little research has been done on maltreated children and adolescents. Furthermore, possible causal associations between cognitions, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and internalizing and externalizing problems have rarely been investigated. In the current study, 263 maltreated children and adolescents (8–17 years of age) were assessed at baseline and again at time points 6 and either 12 or 18 months later. Cross‐lagged panel analyses were used to gain a better understanding of the course of and associations among dysfunctional maltreatment‐related cognitions, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and internalizing and externalizing problems. Ratings of all variables significantly decreased over time. Moderate to strong autoregressive paths emerged for all variables, denoting stability. Furthermore, the variables showed moderate to high correlations at every assessment. Posttraumatic stress symptoms moderately predicted dysfunctional maltreatment‐related cognitions as well as internalizing and externalizing problems 6 months after baseline. Cross‐lagged paths from the cognitions as well as from internalizing and externalizing problems to all other variables were not significant. Age, gender, and maltreatment characteristics did not play a relevant role in these cross‐lagged associations when they were included as covariates. Our results underline the cognitive scar model, in which preceding posttraumatic stress symptoms adversely impact cognitions. Posttraumatic stress symptoms appear to be an important target for treatment as their reduction may help decrease internalizing and externalizing problems as well.
Orientation and conformation of two [6]carbohelicenes in stretched polystyrene and a thermoresponsive polyaspartate
Authors: Doppler Anna , Nicholls Leo D.M. , Golz Christopher , Alcarazo Manuel , John Michael
Published: July 2019

Two functionalized [6]carbohelicenes, one of which was also available in its two enantiomeric pure forms, were oriented in stretched polystyrene in CDCl3, and in a recently introduced chiral thermoresponsive lyotropic polyaspartate (poly(benzyl)0.5(phenethyl)0.5‐L‐aspartate) in C2D2Cl4. From the resulting 1H,13C residual dipolar couplings, the helical pitch of a methylated [6]carbohelicene was determined and found to be in agreement with theoretical predictions and existing crystal structures (d(C2,C2′) ≈ 4.3 Å). For a second [6]carbohelicene with para‐methoxyphenyl substituents, a clear conformational preference of the substituents was observed. The orientational properties of the two helicene enantiomers in the chiral polyaspartate are very similar, but both drastically change around 306 K. We suggest this behavior is due to an unusual phase transition in the liquid crystal.
DFT computational schemes for 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts of natural products, exemplified by strychnine
Authors: Semenov Valentin A. , Krivdin Leonid B.
Published: July 2019

A number of computational schemes based on different Density Functional Theory (DFT) functionals in combination with a number of basis sets were tested in the calculation of 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts of strychnine, as a typical representative of the vitally important natural products, and used as a challenging benchmark and a rigorous test for such calculations. It was found that the most accurate computational scheme, as compared with experiment, was PBE0/pcSseg‐4//pcseg‐3 characterized by a mean absolute error of 0.07 ppm for the range of about 7 ppm for 1H NMR chemical shifts and that of only 1.13 ppm for 13C NMR chemical shifts spread over the range of about 150 ppm. For more practical purposes, including investigation of larger molecules from this series, a much more economical computational scheme, PBE0/pcSseg‐2//pcseg‐2, characterized by almost the same accuracy and much less computational demand, was recommended.
Biocompatible agar/xanthan gum composite films: Thermal, mechanical, UV, and water barrier properties
Authors: Rukmanikrishnan Balasubramanian , Rajasekharan Satish Kumar , Lee Jintae , Lee Jaewoong
Published: July 2019

Binary composite films were prepared from agar (A) and xanthan gum (X) with different weight percentages. The composite films were transparent, lightweight, eco‐friendly, and biodegradable. The structure and morphology of the prepared agar and AX composite films were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique. The glass transition temperature (Tg) and melting temperature (Tm) of the AX composite films was slightly improved, when compared with the neat agar. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) analysis showed a considerable increment in the char yield and an improved thermal stability. The tensile strength was in the range of 25 to 40 MPa, and elongation at break was in the range of 28.9 to 39.4%. Though, the water vapor permeability (WVP) value reduced in the composite films the difference was not significant. From the mechanical studies, we can deduce that agar and xanthan gum are compatible and miscible with one another leading to prospects of their composite films being considered for different biomedical and packaging applications.
Clinical and genetic description of patients with prenatally identified cardiac tumors
Authors: Mariscal‐Mendizábal Luisa F. , Sevilla‐Montoya Rosalba , Martínez‐García Alfonso J. , Alaez‐Verson Carmen , Monroy‐Muñoz Irma E. , Pérez‐Durán Javier , Cerón‐Albarrán Jorge A. , Carrillo‐Sánchez Karol , Molina‐Garay Carolina , Flores‐Lagunes Luis L. , Jimenez‐Olivares Marco , Aguinaga‐Ríos Mónica
Published: July 2019

Objective

Rhabdomyomas are the most common type of prenatal cardiac tumors. When isolated, 50% to 70% are related to the tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). The aim of this study was to reinforce the importance of additional clinical data in patients with prenatal heart tumors.

Methods

From 2010 to 2017, 10 prenatally detected cardiac tumors were referred to the Genetics Department, and a complete family history was taken. Postnatal echocardiographic and full clinical evaluation were completed. Next generation sequencing (NGS) of the TSC1 and TSC2 genes was performed.

Results

The 10 cases were postnatally confirmed as rhabdomyomas. Four de novo and four family cases were detected, and only one patient was previously aware of the TSC diagnosis. Molecular analysis by NGS was performed in four patients with three TSC2 mutations, two of which were previously reported and one not.

Discussion

Prenatal cardiac tumors are associated with TSC in 60% of cases. Prenatal diagnosis of cardiac tumors permits a further analysis of family members using the fetus as a clue for familial disease diagnosis.
Polymerization‐induced self‐assembly of metallo‐polyelectrolyte block copolymers
Authors: Rahman Md Anisur , Cha Yujin , Yuan Liang , Pageni Parasmani , Zhu Tianyu , Jui Moumita Sharmin , Tang Chuanbing
Published: July 2019

Cobaltocenium‐containing polyelectrolyte block copolymer nanoparticles were prepared via polymerization‐induced self‐assembly (PISA) using aqueous dispersion RAFT polymerization. The cationic steric stabilizer was a macromolecular chain‐transfer agent (macro‐CTA) based on poly(2‐cobaltocenium amidoethyl methacrylate chloride) (PCoAEMACl), and the core‐forming block was poly(2‐hydroxypropyl methacrylate) (PHPMA). Stable cationic spherical nanoparticles were formed in aqueous solution with low dispersity without adding any salts. The chain extension of macro‐CTA with HPMA was efficient and fast. The effects of block copolymer compositions, solid content, charge density, and addition of salts were studied. It was found that the degree of polymerization of both the stabilizer PCoAEMACl and the core‐forming PHPMA had a strong influence on the size of nanoparticles. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. 2020, 58, 77–83
Release behavior of 1‐methylcylopropene coated paper‐based shellac solution in response to stepwise humidity changes to develop novel functional packaging for fruit
Authors: Ariyanto Hermawan Dwi , Chiba Makoto , Oguma Keisuke , Tatsuki Miho , Yoshii Hidefumi
Published: July 2019

1‐Methylcyclopropene (1‐MCP) has been shown to be a suitable inhibitor of ethylene production in fruit and vegetables during preservation and distribution. In this study, a 1‐MCP controlled‐release system on coated paper was produced using shellac as the coating material. The effect of humidity and temperature on the release of 1‐MCP from the coated paper was investigated using a dynamic sorption system (DVS) with stepwise humidity changes (initial 20% relative humidity (RH) for 2 h, then increased to 40%, 50%, 60%, and 80% RH for 2 h, respectively). The release rate kinetic data were simulated using an Avrami equation with a mechanism release number n of 1.26. The results showed that the dynamic release of 1‐MCP from the coated paper was mainly affected by humidity, for which the release rate constant could be correlated with moisture concentration in humid air. The highest humidity condition (80% RH) resulted in the highest apparent activation energy of 46.8 kJ/mol. The effect of 1‐MCP coated paper on apple storage was evaluated by measuring the ethylene production rate, flesh firmness, and titratable acidity (TA) of apple. Ethylene production rates of apple were significantly affected with 1‐MCP coated paper. The values were 0.22 nL/g FW/h at 50 mg of 1‐MCP powder and 44.7 nL/g FW/h at 0 mg of 1‐MCP powder after 15 days at 4°C and 15 days at 20°C. The other properties of apple such as flesh firmness and TA also indicated that 1‐MCP coated paper could delay fruit softening during storage time. Based on these results, the release of 1‐MCP could be controlled by coating paper with shellac solution and promising to produce functional packaging for fruit.
Filtering of systems with nonlinear measurements with an application to target tracking
Authors: Cacace F. , Conte F. , d'Angelo M. , Germani A.
Published: July 2019

This paper studies the problem of recursive state estimation of stochastic linear systems with nonlinear measurements. The main idea is to rewrite the measurement map in a linear form by considering, as system output, a vector of “virtual” measurements. The result is a linear system with a non‐Gaussian and nonstationary output noise. State estimation is therefore obtained using a Kalman filter or, alternatively, a quadratic filter, suitably designed for non‐Gaussian systems. This work provides two sufficient conditions for the application of the virtual measurement approach and shows its effectiveness in the case of the maneuvering target tracking problem.
Nanoengineering of 2D MXene‐Based Materials for Energy Storage Applications
Authors: Nan Jianxiao , Guo Xin , Xiao Jun , Li Xiao , Chen Weihua , Wu Wenjian , Liu Hao , Wang Yong , Wu Minghong , Wang Guoxiu
Published: July 2019

2D MXene‐based nanomaterials have attracted tremendous attention because of their unique physical/chemical properties and wide range of applications in energy storage, catalysis, electronics, optoelectronics, and photonics. However, MXenes and their derivatives have many inherent limitations in terms of energy storage applications. In order to further improve their performance for practical application, the nanoengineering of these 2D materials is extensively investigated. In this Review, the latest research and progress on 2D MXene‐based nanostructures is introduced and discussed, focusing on their preparation methods, properties, and applications for energy storage such as lithium‐ion batteries, sodium‐ion batteries, lithium–sulfur batteries, and supercapacitors. Finally, the critical challenges and perspectives required to be addressed for the future development of these 2D MXene‐based materials for energy storage applications are presented.
Successful breeding attempt of a pair of Philippine tarsier (Tarsius syrichta) in a conservation center in Bilar, Bohol, Philippines and recommendations for tarsier husbandry
Authors: Řeháková Milada
Published: July 2019

The Philippine tarsier (Tarsius syrichta) belongs to the least known nocturnal primates. Tarsiers and remaining biodiversity of the Philippines are under tremendous threats from increasing human expansion, with habitat loss and illegal pet trade being the main reasons for tarsier population decline. In addition, even though the attempts were made by western and local facilities, tarsiers have not survived well in captivity. In this paper, I present an example of successful breeding of the Philippine tarsier in captive conditions but in natural climate. As the most important elements of success, I see a large amount of space provided to tarsiers, the climate similar to their natural habitat and the food resembling their natural diet. Our pair of tarsiers were joined during the mating period and held separately outside the mating period, which corresponds with their behavior in the wild and may have played a crucial role in breeding success. Eliminating stress to animals is also important. The study can provide valuable guidelines for other facilities keeping tarsiers in the Philippines and help to improve tarsiers’ welfare and in the future help to establish a viable captive population of the Philippine tarsier that will serve as a backup population and also will decrease demand on tarsiers captured from the wild.
Boundary gauge and gravitational anomalies from Ward identities
Authors: Prochazka Vladimir
Published: July 2019

Abstract

We consider the two-point functions of conserved bulk currents and energy-momentum tensor in a boundary CFT defined on ℝ
1,2. Starting from the consistent forms of boundary gauge and gravitational anomalies we derive their respective contributions to the correlation functions in the form of anomalous Ward identities. Using the recently developed momentum space formalism we find an anomalous solution to each of these identities depending on a single undetermined form-factor. We study the solution in two different kinematic limits corresponding to small and large momentum p

n
, perpendicular to the boundary. We find that the anomalous term interpolates between a non-local form resembling the standard anomaly-induced term in a two-dimensional CFT at small p

n
and Chern-Simons contact terms at large p

n
. Using this we derive some consistency conditions regarding the dependence of these anomalies on the boundary conditions and discuss possible cancellation mechanisms. These ideas are then demonstrated on the explicit example of free, massless three-dimensional fermion. In particular we manage to obtain the respective anomalies via a diagrammatic momentum space computation and expose the well-known relation between bulk parity anomaly and boundary gauge anomalies.
TS-1 add-on therapy in Japanese patients with triple-negative breast cancer after neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy: a feasibility study
Authors: Inoue Kenichi , Nagai Shigenori E. , Saito Tsuyoshi , Sakurai Takashi , Kimizuka Kei , Yamada Hirofumi , Kuroda Toru , Hata Satoshi , Yamazaki Yasuo , Kojima Masato , Futsuhara Kazushige ,   for the SBCCSG-14 investigators
Published: July 2019

Purpose We examined the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of TS-1 add-on therapy (TAT) in Japanese patients with triple-negative breast caner (TNBC). Methods TAT (TS-1, 80 mg/m2/day, BID, PO), consisting of the 21-day cycles of 14-day consecutive administration followed by 7-day drug holiday, was conducted for 365 days. The median follow-up was 75.2 months (range, 7.3–103.3 months). The primary endpoint was the feasibility of TAT. The secondary endpoints included relapse-free survival (RFS), overall survival (OS), and safety. Results 63 Japanese patients with TNBC (median age, 52.5 years; range, 23.7–68.6 years) were examined. Among them, 34 (54.0%) were postmenopausal, 54 (93.7%) had TNBC of common histological type, 51 (81.0%) had T1 to 3 tumors, 63 (100%) had undergone standardized surgery, and 44 (69.8%) and 19 (30.2%) had undergone neoadjuvant chemotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy, respectively. The 365-day cumulative rate of TS-1 administration was 68.3% (95% confidence interval, 55.3–79.4), being comparable to 65.8% previously reported for gastric cancer. The 5-year RFS rates were 52.3% and 84.2% in the neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy groups, respectively, and the 5-year OS rates were 68.0% and 89.5%, respectively. The most common adverse events (AEs) were leucocyte count decreased (50.8%), total bilirubin decreased (44.4%), and pigmentation (42.9%). AEs were manageable clinically, and any grade 4 AEs did not develop. Conclusions The 365-day cumulative rate of TS-1 administration in TNBC patients was comparable to that in gastric cancer patients despite previous chemotherapy with anthracyclines and/or taxanes. TAT was feasible for TNBC patients after standard primary therapy.
Negative expertise in conditions of manufactured ignorance: epistemic strategies, virtues and skills
Authors: Parviainen Jaana , Lahikainen Lauri
Published: July 2019

This paper is motivated by the need to respond to the spread of influential misinformation and manufactured ignorance, which places pressure on the work of experts in various sectors. To meet this need, the paper discusses the conditions required for expert testimony to evolve a reconceptualisation of negative capability as a new form of epistemic humility. In this regard, professional knowledge formation is not considered to be separate from the institutional and social processes and values that uphold its production. Drawing attention to the structural and relational aspects of ignorance, as opposed to the individualistic and internal aspects, we rely on the sociology of knowledge, the social epistemologies and the feminist epistemologies that have played a fundamental role in the development of the investigation of ignorance. First, we analyse the criteria for epistemic humility based on prior theoretical discussions concerning negative knowledge as a form of reflective practice. Then, we seek to determine what kinds of strategies, virtues and skills experts need to have so as to ‘manage ignorance’ in socially complex situations. Finally, we suggest the reformulation of negative expertise as a phronetic skill for navigating through situations of ignorance and uncertainty in an epistemically and socially responsible manner.
The Right to Know and the Right Not to Know Revisited: Part One
Authors: Brownsword Roger , Wale Jeff
Published: July 2019

Prompted by developments in human genetics, a recurrent bioethical question concerns a person’s ‘right to know’ and ‘right not to know’ about genetic information held that is intrinsically related to or linked to them. In this paper, we will revisit the claimed rights in relation to two particular test cases. One concerns the rights of the 500,000 participants in UK Biobank (UKB) whose biosamples, already having been genotyped, will now be exome sequenced, and the other concerns the rights of pregnant women (and their children) who undergo non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT)—a simple blood test that can reveal genetic information about both a foetus and its mother. This two-part paper is in four principal sections. First, we sketch the relevant features of our two test cases. Secondly, we consider the significance of recent legal jurisprudence in the UK and Singapore. Thirdly, we consider how, the jurisprudence apart, the claimed rights might be grounded. Fourthly, we consider the limits on the rights. We conclude with some short remarks about the kind of genetically aware society that we might want to be and how far there is still an opportunity meaningfully to debate the claimed rights.
Eighteen years of steel–bentonite interaction in the FEBEX in situ test at the Grimsel Test Site in Switzerland
Authors: Hadi Jebril , Wersin Paul , Serneels Vincent , Greneche Jean-Marc
Published: July 2019

Corrosion of steel canisters containing buried high-level radioactive waste is a relevant issue for the long-term integrity of repositories. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate this issue by examining two differently corroded blocks originating from a full-scale in situ test of the FEBEX bentonite site in Switzerland. The FEBEX experiment was designed initially as a feasibility test of an engineered clay barrier system and was recently dismantled after 18 years of activity. Samples were studied by ‘spatially resolved’ and ‘bulk’ experimental methods, including Scanning Electron Microscopy, Elemental Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), μ-Raman spectroscopy, X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and 57Fe Mössbauer spectrometry, with a focus on Fe-bearing phases. In one of the blocks, corrosion of the steel liner led to diffusion of Fe into the bentonite, resulting in the formation of large (width > 140 mm) red, orange, and blue colored halos. Goethite was identified as the main corrosion product in the red and orange zones while no excess Fe2+ (compared to the unaffected bentonite) was observed there. Excess Fe2+ was found to have diffused further into the clay (in the blue zones) but its speciation could not be unambiguously clarified. The results indicate the occurrence of newly formed octahedral Fe2+ either as Fe2+ sorbed on the clay or as structural Fe2+ inside the clay (following electron transfer from sorbed Fe2+). No other indications of clay transformation or newly formed clay phases were found. The overall pattern indicates that diffusion of Fe was initiated when oxidizing conditions were still prevailing inside the bentonite block, resulting in the accumulation of Fe3+ close to the interface (up to three times the original Fe content), and continued when reducing conditions were reached, allowing deeper diffusion of Fe2+ into the clay (inducing an increase of 10–12% of the Fe content).
Splenic marginal zone lymphoma associated with hepatitis B virus infection, remission after viral treatment, and splenectomy
Authors: Ababou Mounir , Mahtat El Mehdi , Jennane Selim , Elmaaroufi Hicham , Mikdame Mohammed , Doghmi Kamal
Published: July 2019

We report the case of a patient diagnosed with a splenic marginal zone lymphoma with a simultaneous finding of hepatitis B virus infection, who responded to antiviral treatment and splenectomy. We highlighted this association described in the literature and its possible causal role, as well as the available therapeutic choices.
Identification of four patients with colistin-resistant Escherichia coli containing the mobile colistin resistance mcr-1 gene from a single health system in Michigan
Authors: Henig Oryan , Rojas Laura J. , Bachman Michael A. , Rudin Susan D. , Brennan Brenda M. , Soehnlen Marty K. , Jones Kelly L. , Mills John P. , Dombecki Carey R. , Valyko Amanda M. , Marshall Steven H. , Bonomo Robert A. , Kaye Keith S. , Washer Laraine
Published: July 2019

Clinical Enterobacteriacae isolates with a colistin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ≥4 mg/L from a United States hospital were screened for the mcr-1 gene using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and confirmed by whole-genome sequencing. Four colistin-resistant Escherichia coli isolates contained mcr-1. Two isolates belonged to the same sequence type (ST-632). All subjects had prior international travel and antimicrobial exposure.
Does Relationship Satisfaction Always Mean Satisfaction? Development of the Couple Relationship Satisfaction Scale
Authors: Cepukiene Viktorija
Published: July 2019

This article presents the development of an instrument measuring relationship satisfaction, based on the theory that separates ‘relationship quality’ from ‘satisfaction’ concerning the semantic meaning of the concepts, and to evaluate psychometric properties of the new measure. Two studies were conducted in order to investigate the psychometric properties of the new scale, with 372 and 1,185 participants taking part in Study 1 and Study 2 respectively. Results revealed that the new scale has two-factor structure, adequate internal consistency reliability, and convergent, discriminant and known-groups validity.
Early lactation performance in Holstein heifers first calving at 36 months and managed for high or low weight gain during mid- and late gestation
Authors: Le Cozler Yannick , Troccon Jean-Louis , Marquis Bernard , Faverdin Philippe
Published: July 2019

The effect of weight gain during mid- and late gestation in dairy heifers on performance at the start of first lactation was studied. In this experiment, 47 Holstein heifers with first calving at 36 months of age were used. The plane of nutrition aimed to have a high (900 g/d, H; n = 23) and low (500, L; n = 24) average daily gain (ADG) from the 4th month of gestation until 3 weeks before the expected day of calving, achieved by ad libitum intake of high quality pasture (H) or controlled intake of a total mixed ration (L). Body weight (BW), body condition score (BCS), milking, and reproductive performances were recorded. Concentrations of plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), glucose, beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), and urea were characterised at weeks 2, 4, 6 and 8 of lactation. Milk fatty acid composition was determined at weeks 3 and 6. A total of 39 heifers successfully calved and completed first lactation. During feeding treatment the required ADG were achieved. BW and BCS were higher in H heifers at calving compared to L heifers: 707 vs. 640 kg, and 3.91 vs. 3.01 respectively. H heifers lost more weight, BCS and had lower feed intake during the beginning of first lactation (−0.8 kg DM/d/heifer over the first 4 weeks of lactation). Per day of lactation, H heifers produced significantly more milk (29.2 vs. 26.2 kg), fat (1.27 vs. 1.07 kg) and protein (0.84 vs. 0.477 kg) from 0 to 8 weeks of lactation. Concentrations of NEFA, glucose and BHBA were higher in H heifers compared to L heifers, but urea concentration was not affected. Concentration of preformed fatty acids in the milk (C16 and more) was higher. As a result, the calculated daily net energy balance during the first 8 weeks of lactation was −1.53 and −5.95 MJ for L and H heifers, respectively.
An Improved ICCP Matching Algorithm for use in an Interference Environment during Geomagnetic Navigation
Authors: Xiao Jing , Duan Xiusheng , Qi Xiaohui , Liu Yifei
Published: July 2019

The Iterated Closest Contour Point (ICCP) algorithm is widely used in geomagnetic navigation. In order to enhance the anti-interference performance of the ICCP, an improved algorithm is proposed. First, the principle of delta modulation is introduced to generate a geomagnetic matching sequence according to the magnetic fluctuations, this assists finding the optimal quantitative step and matching length; thus, the algorithm's accuracy and real-time performance are improved. Second, in order to solve the problem of geomagnetic matching under an interference environment, a Probability Data Association (PDA) algorithm based on regenerated measurements is adopted. The ideal magnetic value is regarded as a target, and the measured values within the confidence region are taken as the effective measurements of the target. Each of them will give an estimation of the vehicle's position. Considering the constraints of a vehicle's kinematic performance, its final position can be obtained by fusing all effective estimations with the PDA algorithm. Simulation and semi-physical experiments have verified the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. The Regenerated Measurements (RM)-PDA algorithm shows better performance and can be used in practical applications.
The Campbell Paradigm as a Behavior-Predictive Reinterpretation of	the Classical Tripartite Model of Attitudes
Authors: Kaiser Florian G. , Wilson Mark
Published: July 2019

Abstract. In this article, we introduce the “Campbell Paradigm” as a novel variant of Rosenberg and Hovland’s (1960) tripartite model of attitudes. The Campbell Paradigm is based on a highly restricted measurement model that speaks of a compensatory relation between a person’s latent attitude and the costs that come with any specific behavior. It overcomes the overarching weakness of the original tripartite model (i.e., its relative irrelevance for actual behavior) and offers a parsimonious explanation for behavior. Even though this seems attractive, we also discuss why the paradigm has not gained momentum in the 50 years since it was originally proposed by Donald T. Campbell. To demonstrate the paradigm’s suitability even when implemented with an unrefined instrument in a domain where it has not been used previously, we apply the paradigm to a classic data example from attitude research from the 1984 US presidential election to account for the electorate’s voting intentions and actual voting behaviors.
Morphological Adaptation of River Channels to Vegetation Establishment: A Laboratory Study
Authors: Vargas‐Luna Andrés , Duró Gonzalo , Crosato Alessandra , Uijttewaal Wim
Published: July 2019

While the scientific community has long recognized that alluvial rivers are the product of interactions between flowing water and bed material transport, it is increasingly evident that vegetation mediates these interactions and influences the stream channel characteristics. In a novel set of mobile bed laboratory experiments with variable discharge, we demonstrate that vegetation colonization affects bank erosion rates, channel shape, channel sinuosity, and bar pattern. Our analyses compared the morphological evolution of channels with initially steady bars considering the following three scenarios: (1) channel without vegetation, (2) channel with vegetation added to the floodplains, and (3) channel with vegetation added to both the floodplains and the bar surfaces that emerge at low flows. Absence of vegetation produced the widest and shallowest channel with the lowest sinuosity. Floodplain vegetation in the second scenario reduced bank erosion and resulted in a deeper and more sinuous channel with shorter bars. In the third scenario, vegetation establishment on emerging bar surfaces intensified erosion on the opposing bank, enlarging the amplitude of bends. Enhanced sedimentation on vegetated bar areas increased both bar elevation and bar length compared to the second scenario. The results show that the colonization of bar surfaces by plants creates the conditions for new floodplain and island formation, fostering channel meandering and anabranching. Finally, our experiments emphasize the role of alternating high and low flows on the morphological development of streams mediated by vegetation.
The Molecular Composition of Humic Substances Isolated From Yedoma Permafrost and Alas Cores in the Eastern Siberian Arctic as Measured by Ultrahigh Resolution Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Zherebker A. , Podgorski D. C. , Kholodov V. A. , Orlov A. A. , Yaroslavtseva N. V. , Kharybin O. , Kholodov A. , Spector V. , Spencer R. G. M. , Nikolaev E. , Perminova I. V.
Published: July 2019

Ongoing climate change is making the large pool of organic matter (OM) stored in Arctic permafrost vulnerable to mobilization; thus, garnering a deeper understanding of molecular transformations within the abundant pool of soil OM, specifically humic substances, is crucial. Here we present the first high‐resolution mass‐spectrometry examination of molecular compositions of humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA) isolated from organic‐rich deep yedoma (Pleistocene age ice‐rich permafrost) and alas (thermokarst deposit formed during permafrost thaw) cores. The FA fractions were dominated by oxygen‐rich unsaturated compounds, whereas the HA fractions were mostly composed of relatively reduced saturated and aromatic moieties. A substantial increase in contribution of both CHO‐only and N‐containing aliphatic compounds was observed in the HA fractions of the yedoma OM with depth, whereas the alas HA fractions were depleted in aliphatics but enriched with condensed and hydrolyzable tannins. The observed differences in compositional space of the immobile OM stored in the deep yedoma versus alas deposits were consistent with evolution of OM during thermokarst lake genesis, implying intense microbial degradation of N‐rich OM released from the yedoma deposits and accumulation of highly degraded, plant‐derived OM. The patterns of molecular transformations of OM were apparent in compositional space of the least degraded HA fractions as compared to much more oxidized FA fractions. This shows great promise of molecular exploration of the alkali‐extracted OM, comprising up to 50% of the total organic carbon in deep permafrost both for paleoreconstructions and predictions of climate feedback to released OM due to permafrost thaw.
A New Perspective on Terrestrial Hydrologic Intensity That Incorporates Atmospheric Water Demand
Authors: Ficklin Darren L. , Abatzoglou John T. , Novick Kimberly A.
Published: July 2019

Hydrologic intensity is often quantified using precipitation without directly incorporating atmospheric water demand. We develop a hydrologic intensity index called the surplus deficit intensity (SDI) index that accounts for variation in supply and demand. SDI is the standardized sum of standardized surplus intensity (mean of daily surplus when supply > demand) and deficit time (mean of consecutive days when demand > supply). Using an observational ensemble of global daily precipitation and atmospheric water demand during 1979–2017, we document widespread hydrologic intensification (SDI; +0.11 z‐score per decade) driven primarily by increased surplus intensity. Using a climate model ensemble of the United States, hydrologic intensification is projected for the mid‐21st century (+0.86 in z‐score compared to 1971–2000), producing greater apparent intensification when compared to an index that does not explicitly incorporate demand. While incorporating demand had a minor effect on observed hydrologic intensification, it doubles hydrological intensification for the mid‐21st century.