bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La Transferencia Tecnológica en el Entorno Empresarial Cubano
Authors: Rondón Valdés Jorge , Antúnez Sánchez Alcides
Published: February 2019

El fenómeno tecnológico emerge definitivo y determinante para el desarrollo científico-técnico de cualquier país, como reto y perspectiva en el entorno empresarial. La construcción de estrategias más funcionales, son garantes del avance tecnológico para la realización de su objeto social. Desde de la imposibilidad relativa de progreso científico-tecnológico endógeno, la transferencia de tecnologías deviene necesaria ante los pasos de una sociedad en vías de desarrollo. Su gradual evolución, ha devenido poco pertinente, en ocasiones descontextualizada su implementación para las empresas cubanas como receptoras de paquetes tecnológicos, para fundamentar la necesaria construcción de un proceso que armonice las demandas y realidades.La investigación tiene como objetivo caracterizar la Transferencia Tecnológica en los procesos de contratación a partir del Derecho de la Propiedad Industrial en la inversión extranjera en la actualización del modelo económico social. Se utilizaron como métodos de investigación: el análisis lógico e histórico jurídico, análisis-síntesis, inductivo- deductivo, exegético jurídico y de derecho comparado. Los aportes de esta investigación permiten la construcción de marcos teóricos sustenten estrategias y procesos de transferencia tecnológica horizontales y pertinentes.
A Survey Study of the Dictionary Use Sub-strategies of English Majors in Saudi Arabia: Dictionary Related Aspects
Authors: Alhatmi Sultan
Published: February 2019

This study explored the sub-strategies Saudi English majors use most when consulting the dictionary. In particular, it looked at the aspects of the dictionary use strategy relevant to the dictionary itself rather than the lookup words (mainly purposes for consulting the dictionary, means of dictionary ownership and type of dictionary consulted). The participants were 90 English major students enrolled in an English undergraduate program at the Department of European Languages at King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia. A survey questionnaire adapted from the literature was used to collect data for the study. The results showed that the learners’ strategic preferences were largely affected by the features they liked (e.g. free dictionaries, the ease of use and search as well as portability of tech-based digital dictionaries) or disliked (e.g. the difficulty of search and use in paper dictionaries as well as their heavy weight and high thickness) most about dictionaries. Thus, they preferred to either download dictionary apps to their phones from application stores or go online whenever they needed to consult a dictionary for a word. Moreover, in terms of dictionary types, learners favored the bilingual English-Arabic dictionary (language-wise), dictionary apps and online dictionaries (medium-wise) and the ordinary dictionary (content-wise). Also, they consulted the dictionary no more than five times a day and tended to look up more words when consulting tech-based (digital) dictionaries than when using paper dictionaries. Finally, they used their dictionaries mainly to understand new words while reading.
Understanding the Influence of Time Pressure and Social Ties on Public Sector Supplier Selection Decisions: A Polychronic Context Explanation
Authors: Essien Eyo Emmanuel , Amadi Christian , Anani Rajunor Bassey
Published: February 2019

This study investigated the influence of time pressure perception and social ties on the supplier selection decisions and performance of public firms in a typically polychronic cultural setting. Using a structured questionnaire, data were collected from 342 senior level personnel in 40 public sector organizations in Nigeria and analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) techniques. The study’s results indicate that while time pressure has no significant influence on supplier selection decision, its impact on performance is significant and negative. The results also show that social ties are significant positive predictors of supplier selection decisions, but their relationship with performance is insignificant. However, the study also found that supplier selection decisions positively influence performance, and supplier selection decisions positively mediates the relationship between social ties and perceived performance. Based on the study’s findings and conclusions, important implications for practice and suggestions for further research are discussed.
Role of Hepatitis B Virus Large Surface Protein in Promoting Activation of Nuclear SREBPs via ER Stress: Implications for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Ghosh Subir
Published: February 2019

One of the most common fatal malignancies in the world is Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been identified as a leading risk factor for HCC. Studies have suggested that during infection the large surface viral protein of HBV (LS protein) is targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of the host liver cell, where its accumulation causes ER stress leading to HCC. The LS protein is also believed to stimulate the lipogenic activity of the ATP citrate lyase (ACL) enzyme, leading to excessive synthesis of lipids required for the rapidly dividing liver tumor cell. Here, I propose a hypothesis linking viral LS protein-induced ER stress to generation of the mature transcriptionally active nuclear form of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (nSREBP). nSREBP translocates to the nucleus and binds to sterol regulatory elements (SRE) present in the ATP citrate lyase (ACL) gene promoter, thereby elevating ACL transcription levels and overproduction of the ACL enzyme protein. Inhibition of LS protein activity in the ER may provide a therapeutic strategy in treating HBV induced HCC.
Avaliação de aplicações das boas práticas na gestão de projetos sociais para instituições do terceiro setor
Authors: Nemoto Miriam Christi Oishi , Silva Danilo Albuquerque , Pinochet Luis Hernan Contreras
Published: February 2019

Este artigo procura avaliar aplicações dos processos e boas práticas recomendadas na gestão em projetos sociais desenvolvidos em instituições do terceiro setor. Estas iniciativas apresentam particularidades que se mostram desafiadoras à gestão de projetos clássica empresarial. Em um primeiro momento, foram identificadas as semelhanças entre projetos empresariais e sociais; posteriormente foram identificadas algumas dificuldades inerentes ao trabalho social que influenciam negativamente a gestão de projetos, tais como: restrição financeira, indisponibilidade de recursos, falta de experiência gerencial e ferramentas voltadas para projeto. O delineamento da pesquisa baseou-se no em um estudo exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa conduzido por meio de um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturado com gestores de 5 ONGs, sendo empregado o método da análise de conteúdo com o uso do software Nvivo. Como resultado, foram analisadas e identificadas as relações dessas organizações às práticas sugeridas pelo PMBOK no que diz respeito aos processos de Gerenciamento de Escopo, Tempo, Custos, Riscos e Qualidade. Além disso, foi observado que apesar das dificuldades tipicamente impostas ao Terceiro Setor, os gestores demonstraram conhecimento das boas práticas de projetos, no qual algumas delas se mostraram aplicáveis às realidades das ONGs.
Wirkungstheorien der Medien- und-Gewalt-Forschung
Authors: Zipfel Astrid
Published: February 2019

Do depictions of violence in modern media trigger aggression? Are violent video games (partly) responsible for school shootings? There are often heated public discussions on these questions, but what insights have decades of research into this issue revealed? This book clearly and critically reviews the current state of research on this topic by describing and analysing both theoretical approaches and the results of empirical studies in equal measure. It gives special consideration to the specific characteristics of the person who watches the violence, how the violence is presented, the medium through which it is de-picted and the circumstances in which it is witnessed, all of which may influence the risk of that violence having a negative impact. Finally, this book provides insights into a partly ideological and occasionally polemical academic debate. It will appeal to not only students but also practitioners in media education and anyone else interested in this field of study.
SYNTHESIS AND STUDY OF PROPERTIES OF ELASTOMER-CONTAINING COMPOSITIONS BASED ON COOLIGOMERS OF POLYOXYPROPYLENE GLYCOL AND 4,4'-DIPHENYL-METHANE DIISOCYANATE
Authors: Mustafaeva Rena E.
Published: February 2019

A study was conducted in order to obtain a highly adhesive and highly elastic coating of the adhesive and sealing composition. Cooligomers of polyoxypropylene glycol and 4,4'-diphenyl-methane diisocyanate were obtained and their copolycondensation kinetics was studied. It has been established that the urethane formation reaction proceeds through a migration polymerization based on the addition of mobile hydrogen atoms of the polyester to the nitrogen atom. The morphology of the synthesized cooligomers was studied by IR spectroscopy. It was shown that the combination of cooligomer with butyl rubber (a copolymer of isobutylene and isoprene) increases the elasticity of the system, relieves shrinkage and increases the thermal and chemical resistance. In order to obtain an adhesive and highly elastic composite material, we studied mixtures of polyurethane cooligomer with butyl rubber (BK), which has high rates of heat resistance, elasticity and chemical resistance in aggressive environments. It was shown that when polyurethane copolymer is mixed with butyl rubber, a polymer system is formed, the macromolecules of which mechanically interact with each other to form so-called interpenetrating grids. This composition is also the very stable in aggressive environments, which makes its application promising. Comparison of the data of differential thermal analysis of the cooligomer and the composition of cooligomer + butyl rubber shows that the resulting composition is thermally more stable than the cooligomer. An important scientific and technical problem of improving the quality of adhesive compositions has been solved. Because of the study, recommendations have been developed for improving the properties of adhesive compositions that are competitive with existing analogues, according to the formulation of the structure, technology for the preparation and use of adhesive compositions. The compositions obtained in this way can be used in the production of polymer products for the petroleum and engineering industries.
INTEGRATED APPROACH TO NEUTRALIZATION OF WASTEWATER CONTAINING COPPER IONS AND EDTA LIGAND
Authors: Kolesnikov Vladimir A. , Kolesnikova Olga Yu. , Nistratov Alexey V. , Kandelaki Galina I.
Published: February 2019

An analysis of electrochemical degradation of organic compounds, in particular EDTA is presented. The influence of the nature of the anode and the nature of the oxidizing agent on the degradation of organic compounds is showed. Anode materials are classified based on their oxidizing power in an acidic environment. It is shown that direct oxidation of EDTA effectively occurs on the anodes Ti/PbO2 and Ti/SnO2. In the presence of NaCl EDTA is effectively oxidized on the anodes Ti/RuO2-TiO2 by the formation of hypochlorite. Examples of destruction of EDTA under the influence of ultraviolet radiation are given. Degradation products (nitro acetic acid, amino diacetic acid) form CO2, H2O, NO3-ions at full decomposition. It is noted that the neutralization of wastewater containing copper and EDTA is carried out in two stages: destruction of EDTA and the extraction of copper hydroxide. The extraction of copper ions from the system H2O-Cu2+-EDTA-electrolyte with different ratios of metal-ligand is investigated. The effect of EDTA concentration on the flotation process for extracting copper hydroxide is analyzed. The kinetics of flotation of copper extraction in the presence of two complexing agents - NH3 and EDTA is considered. The presented results allow to assess the degree of extraction of copper from solution copper-EDTA at different coal sorbents and resins. It is shown that the use of anion exchange resin Purolite A500 and anion exchange resin AB-17-8 is effective when the copper concentration is 25 mg/l. It is established that the sorption process is slow: stationary values are set for several hours. The degree of extraction of EDTA reaches 30-40%. When the ratio of copper-EDTA 1:1.0-1.5 it is possible to reach flotation copper extraction up to 80%. Under additional sorption treatment the extraction degree reaches to 99%. It is shown that the use of highly dispersed carbon materials (coal powders) allows extracting ligands from wastewater, increasing the efficiency of copper hydroxides electroflotation.
STUDY OF ANION EXCHANGE EXTRACTION OF SOME ANIONIC COMPLEXES OF IRON (III) BY ORGANIC SOLUTIONS OF QUARTERLY AMMONIUM SALTS
Authors: Matyushkina Yulia I. , Shabarin Alexandr A.
Published: February 2019

The anion-exchange extraction of salicylate, thiosulphate and thiocyanate iron (III) complexes by solutions of chlorides of quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) in organic solvents (toluene, carbon tetrachloride, ethyl acetate, isobutyl alcohol, nitrobenzene) was studied. The composition of the iron (III) anionic complexes was established by the analysis of the calibration curves E = f(pCFe (III)) constructed from iron (III) solutions against the background of various contents of thiocyanate, thiosulphate and salicylate ions and the steepness of the electrode function. As an indicator electrode the ion-selective electrode was used with a membrane, which based on a nitrobenzene solution of tetradecylammonium bromide. The solution containing of alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride and alkyldimethylethylbenzylammonium chloride and the corresponding organic solvent were mixed in a ratio of 1:1. An organic layer containing the QAS was selected. The anion-exchange extraction was provided in contact with aqueoses solutions of Fe(III) anionic complexes. The extraction process is estimated quantitatively using a distribution coefficient (D). The value of D is calculated taking into account the iron (III) concentration in the aqueous phase before and after extraction. The content of iron (III) in solutions is determined spectrophotometrically (λ = 440 nm). It is established that the value of the distribution coefficient depends on the permittivity (ε) of the organic solvent. In the row toluene - carbon tetrachloride - ethyl acetate - isobutyl alcohol - nitrobenzene, the permittivity increases. In the same sequence, D increases for all studied complex iron(III) ions. Moreover, a decrease in the concentration of the extracted particle leads to an insignificant decrease in the value of the distribution coefficient. The composition and stability of the complex iron (III) ion have a significant effect on the extraction activity.
REACTION OF ACETONE WITH DIETHYL OXALATE FOLLOWED BY AZOCOUPLING
Authors: Levenets Tatyana V. , Kozminykh Vladislav О.
Published: February 2019

Condensation of acetone with diethyl oxalate in presence of sodium hydride followed by the action of a mixture of arylamine, hydrochloric acid and sodium nitrite in neutral medium in an equimolar ratio yields 3-arylhydrazono-2,4-dioxopentanoates. The method proposed is simple and convenient, it makes possible to obtain a variety of previously unknown 3-arylhydrazono-2,4-dioxoalkanoates. The target compounds are obtained with the yield of more than 35%, and it favours to produce single crystals for study of the crystal structure of the synthesized compounds by X-ray diffraction analysis. It was found that in the crystalline state synthesized compounds form the E-isomer. The structural features of 3-arylhydrazono-2,4-dioxopentanoates obtained are established by IR and NMR 1H spectroscopy. In the NMR 1H spectra, the signals of the proton-containing groups of 3-arylhydrazono-2,4-dioxopentanoates with comparable integral intensity values are detected in the expected region. In a weak field (15.00 - 15.08 ppm) signals of NH-protons are observed, which indicates the intramolecular hydrogen bond. It is shown that the ratio of reagents and pH of the medium affects the direction of further azocoupling by diazonium salts after acetone treated with diethyl oxalate. Thus, 1,5-diaryl-3-acetylformazanes were isolated in the alkaline medium with double excess of aryldiazonium chlorides by 35 – 37% yield. The identity of synthesized compounds is confirmed by thin layer chromatography, and their structure is proved by IR and NMR 1H spectroscopy data. The proposed structure of the isolated 1,5-diaryl-3-acetylformazans is the most preferred and characteristic of most formazans. NH-proton signals are observed in a weak field at 15.87 ppm. and 16.0 ppm the resulting 1,5-diaryl-3-acetylformazans, which indicates the formation of the hydrogen bond -NH ... N = N-type in the six-membered chelate cycle with the possibility of proton transfer.
INFLUENCE OF PROOXIDANT NATURE ON EVOLUTION OF FORMALDEHYDE FROM OXO-DEGRADABLE POLYETHYLENE
Authors: Korchagin Vladimir I. , Surkova Alena M. , Studenikina Lubov N. , Protasov Artem V.
Published: February 2019

In the article, methods of oxo-destruction of polyethylene modified with pro-oxidants of various nature are considered taking into account ecotoxicological aspects. A comparative evaluation of the indexes of degradation of polyethylene under the influence of air oxygen under accelerated thermal aging and under natural conditions is presented. It was revealed that the degradation index rises in the series "iron <copper <cobalt". The amount of formaldehyde in the gas-air extraction of oxo-degradable polyethylene modified with iron, cobalt and copper stearate is determined with accelerated thermal-oxidative degradation. The degree of isolation of formaldehyde increases in the series "copper <iron <cobalt", which indicates different periods of induction of the degradation process initiated by prooxidates, as well as the presence of side processes that affect the depth of destructive processes. It has been established that a polyethylene film modified with cobalt stearate contributes to the increase in formaldehyde emissions, while the formaldehyde content in the gas phase is 0.065 mg / m3 (per 1 g of sample), which exceeds MAC m.o.t by 1.3 times. The content of formaldehyde precipitates in the gas phase is reduced by 3.25 times, with the use of ferrous sterate. Individual carcinogenic risks (ICR) for oxo-degradable films based on iron, copper and cobalt stearates are predicted to equal 6.593·10-5, 5.595·10-5 2.864·10-4, respectively. A comparative analysis of prooxidants allows us to conclude that the use of iron and copper stearates contributes to a slower degradation of polyethylene and reduces its ecotoxicological hazard, the use of cobalt based pro-oxidants contributes to a faster and deeper destruction, but is accompanied by increased release of formaldehyde in the oxodegradation of modified polyethylene. Of interest is the further study of complex prooxidants on the basis of iron with trace amounts of cobalt as highly effective and environmentally friendly modifiers of polyolefins, contributing to their accelerated oxidation in the environment, as well as the development of technical solutions to reduce the risk in the case of cobalt stearate as an effective prooxidant.
METHOD FOR ASSESSING SURFACE QUALITY OF COPPER CATHODES
Authors: Shulga Elena V. , Yurev Aleksandr I. , Bazanov Mikhail I.
Published: February 2019

In order to stabilize spiral elongation number at the required level (in accordance with the requirements of the European standard EN 12893 not less than 400 mm) the assessment of its distribution on the cathode sheet was carried out. The experimentally obtained results, processed using methods of mathematical statistics, showed significant discrepancies between the values of spiral elongation in the central and other parts of the cathode (upper, lower, side), which indicates an uneven distribution of the spiral elongation number along the cathode sheet. It was found that in order to form a representative analytical sample under cathode copper production of the Polar Division of MMC «Norilsk Nickel», the testing of cathodes should be performed using methods that include all areas of the cathode sheet, for example, cutting of a vertical strip from each cathode which has got in a representative sample, including edges and hanging ears. To determine the dependence of the spiral elongation number on the surface quality of copper cathodes, developed a special technique, based on the detection of the most frequently encountered defects in the surface of the cathode sheet, which assigned a certain numerical value in accordance with the ranking results. The proposed scoring system for the quality of cathodes in appearance allowed us to establish for the first time that stabilization of the spiral elongation number at a level of at least 400 mm is possible if the defectiveness of the cathode surface does not exceed 17 points per one electrolysis bath. The method has found practical application for preliminary quantitative estimation of the most widespread superficial defects of copper cathodes in the conditions of current production.
Reevaluating Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Radiographically Suspected Osteomyelitis of the Toe
Authors: Ciotola Nicholas , Spielfogel William D.
Published: February 2019

Background:

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is both sensitive and specific in the diagnosis of osteomyelitis, and it is an important imaging modality in preoperative planning of resection of infected bone. In many cases, however, the extent of osseous infection is evident on plain radiographs, and little additional information is gained from the MRI. The goal of this study was to assess the accuracy of radiographs against MRIs in assessing the spread of suspected osteomyelitis from one phalanx to another or to a metatarsal.

Methods:

A medical record review was performed, and 14 patients with 16 toes confirmed to have osteomyelitis involving one or more phalanges were included in the study. An investigator blinded to the MRI findings interpreted the extent of osseous involvement based solely on the radiographic and clinical presentation. The accuracy of the radiographic interpretation was then calculated against the MRI findings.

Results:

In 14 of the 16 toes (87.5%), whether osteomyelitis had spread from one bone to another was determined based on the radiographic and clinical presentation. In one toe, the radiograph did not adequately depict osteomyelitis in adjacent infected bone. In one more toe, the radiograph depicted features of osteomyelitis in uninfected bone.

Conclusions:

In a large percentage of patients, the phalanges affected by osteomyelitis had visible findings on the radiograph, and operative planning could have been based on the radiograph alone.
Podiatric Adverse Events and Foot Care in Cancer Patients and Survivors
Authors: Lacouture Mario E. , Kopsky David J. , Lilker Raphael , Damstra Fiona , van der Linden Mecheline H.M. , Freites-Martinez Azael , Nagel Mischa P.M.
Published: February 2019

Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Recent improved therapies have resulted in more patients surviving cancer and living longer. Despite these advances, the majority of patients will develop adverse events from anticancer therapies. Foot alterations, including nail toxicities, hand-foot syndrome, edema, xerosis, hyperkeratosis, and neuropathy, are frequent among cancer patients. These untoward conditions may negatively impact quality of life, and in some cases may result in the interruption or discontinuation of cancer treatments. Appropriate prevention, diagnosis, and management of podiatric adverse events are essential to maintain foot function and health-related quality of life, both of which are critical for the care of cancer patients and survivors. This article shows results related to complaint and impact on quality of life of the Oncology Foot Care program and reviews publications specific to podiatric adverse events related to cancer treatments.
Safety of Deep Sedation in Patients Undergoing Full-Thickness Skin Graft Harvesting and Skin Graft Reconstruction for Limb Salvage
Authors: Kai Alice M. , Vadivelu Nalini , Dai Feng , Dabu-Bondoc Susan , Mikhael Hosni , Blume Peter A.
Published: February 2019

Background:

Studies on obtaining donor skin graft using intravenous sedation for patients undergoing major foot surgeries in the same operating room visit have not previously been reported. The objective of this retrospective study is to demonstrate that intravenous sedation in this setting is both adequate and safe in patients undergoing skin graft reconstruction of the lower extremities in which donor skin graft is harvested from the same patient in one operating room visit.

Methods:

Medical records of 79 patients who underwent skin graft reconstruction of the lower extremities by one surgeon at the Yale New Haven Health System between November 1, 2008, and July 31, 2014, were reviewed. The patients' demographic characteristics, American Society of Anesthesiologists class, comorbid conditions, intraoperative analgesic administration, estimated blood loss, total operating room time, total postanesthesia care unit time, and postoperative complications within the first 72 hours were reviewed.

Results:

This study found minimal blood loss and no postoperative complications, defined as any pulmonary or cardiac events, bleeding, admission to the intensive care unit, or requirement for invasive monitoring, in patients who underwent major foot surgery in conjunction with full-thickness skin graft.

Conclusions:

We propose that given the short duration and peripheral nature of the procedures, patients can safely undergo skin graft donor harvesting and skin graft reconstruction procedures with intravenous sedation regardless of American Society of Anesthesiologists class in one operating room visit.
The Significance of an MBA Degree for a Podiatric Physician—Is It Worth It?
Authors: Osbourne Abe G. , Johnson Rachel E. , Hinish Carlyn , Ahmed Khatija
Published: February 2019

Background:

The Kent State University College of Podiatric Medicine is negotiating with the College of Business Administration at Kent State University to establish a dual Doctor of Podiatric Medicine (DPM)/Master of Business Administration (MBA) degree. Of the nine colleges of podiatric medicine in the nation, there are two schools that have a joint DPM/MBA program listed in their catalogue, but no joint program was operational at the time this survey was conducted. A telephone survey of the other eight podiatric medical colleges was conducted to obtain that information. This survey was used to assess further data for the exploration of a dual DPM/MBA program at Kent State University College of Podiatric Medicine.

Methods:

A survey was sent out to 38 individuals who possessed both a DPM and an MBA degree. They responded to questions about why they obtained the business degree, how they are using their business degree, what courses in the MBA program are most relevant, and whether they would recommend that DPM students pursue a dual degree.

Results:

The majority of respondents indicated that they obtained an MBA degrees to gain a better understanding of the marketplace, to increase their income, and to better manage a podiatric medical practice. The respondents were generally very happy to have obtained their MBA degree and would encourage a dual-degree option. They admitted that a minor or series of courses with a business focus may be helpful to a DPM student who did not opt for an MBA degree.

Conclusions:

The positive survey results from respondents encourage continued research into a dual-degree DPM/MBA program. During research for a DPM/MBA degree, we feel a DPM with an MBA degree will allow our students to be better prepared for leadership roles within their community and administrative positions and to have a deeper understanding of the business of health care.
Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Pulsed Radiofrequency for Recalcitrant Metatarsalgia
Authors: Ho Tsung-Yen , Ke Ming-Jen , Chen Liang-Cheng , Wu Yung-Tsan
Published: February 2019

Metatarsalgia is characterized by pain in the forefoot, which is associated with increased stress over the metatarsal head region. Despite the availability of a variety of conservative or surgical treatments for this condition, a few cases have demonstrated relapse or poor response to treatment. Pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) can provide pain relief in patients with diverse chronic conditions without causing neural injury. Recently, studies have shown that ultrasound-guided PRF may be beneficial for adhesive capsulitis, carpal tunnel syndrome, tarsal tunnel syndrome, and recalcitrant plantar fasciitis. Here, we describe a successful case of significant pain relief achieved by using ultrasound-guided PRF targeting the posterior tibial nerve (PTN) at the ankle of a 67-year-old woman with recalcitrant metatarsalgia. Ten minutes after ultrasound-guided PRF was applied at the PTN, the patient reported decreased pain (from 8 to 3 on a visual analogue scale) and did not exhibit any particular side effects. Three months after PRF application, the patient's visual analogue scale score remained more than 50% below the baseline, and she did not need additional conservative treatment during the follow-up period. To the best of our knowledge, we present the first case report using ultrasound-guided PRF at the PTN for treatment of recalcitrant metatarsalgia. We hypothesize that ultrasound-guided PRF at the PTN may be a potentially novel approach for treating recalcitrant metatarsalgia.
It's Not Your Father's Podiatry School
Authors: Page Jeffrey C. , Freeman Denise
Published: February 2019

This paper discusses the innovative changes in podiatric medical education found in today's schools and colleges of podiatric medicine, including changes in philosophy, resources and technology, curriculum, delivery methods, the role of faculty, and assessment tools, and the changing expectations of the students themselves. There is an emphasis on the shift from a teacher-centered approach to professional education to a student-centered approach. Technological advances have had a tremendous impact on the educational process and have opened doors to many new forms of educational delivery that better meet the needs of today's students. We believe that the podiatric medical education of today is the equivalent of allopathic and osteopathic education in quality and depth. The future holds the promise of many more exciting changes to come.
Necessity Is the Mother of Invention
Authors: Stiers William J. , Walker-Adamé Irma , Stamps Eric D.
Published: February 2019

What do you do when a podiatric medicine–friendly teaching hospital abruptly terminates a required monthlong inpatient medicine rotation? You can try to negotiate a new rotation at another facility, but that's difficult in the San Francisco Bay Area with three local medical schools vying for similar positions. Instead, you need to think creatively.
SUSTENTABILIDADE AMBIENTAL: UM ESTUDO DE CASO NA CEASAMINAS
Authors: Batista de Aquino Karina , Marques Tatiane de Oliveira
Published: February 2019

Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar o índice de sustentabilidade ambiental da Central de Abastecimento de Minas Gerais (CeasaMinas) com a aplicação parcial do Sistema Contábil Gerencial Ambiental (SICOGEA). Os dados foram coletados em três setores da CeasaMinas (contabilidade, meio ambiente e comissão permanente de licitação) por meio da aplicação de questionário (lista de verificação) de 125 questões, proposto na primeira fase da terceira etapa do SICOGEA. Após a aplicação parcial do SICOGEA obteve-se o índice geral de sustentabilidade da CeasaMinas (40,5%), classificado como Fraco, porém próximo da classificação Regular, que engloba os resultados de 41 a 60%. Desta forma pode-se dizer que a entidade não alcança mas está próxima de alcançar desempenho suficiente para atender a legislação. Dentre os grupos analisados, destaca-se índice de sustentabilidade Fraco para os grupos Produção e, Contabilidade e Finanças, e Regular para os grupos Recursos Humanos e Marketing. Destaca-se ainda que o grupo Contabilidade e Finanças apresentou o menor índice de sustentabilidade consequência da falta de relatórios e informações relacionados as ações ambientais.
FATORES INIBIDORES DA INSTITUCIONALIZAÇÃO DO ORÇAMENTO COMO FERRAMENTA DE CONTROLE GERENCIAL
Authors: Santiago Renato Júnior Almeida , Caliman Douglas Roriz
Published: February 2019

O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar, descrever e analisar os fatores que inibem a institucionalização do orçamento como ferramenta gerencial em um grupo empresarial, localizado na região da Grande Vitória/ES. O referencial teórico abordou a Teoria Institucional e do Orçamento Empresarial. O estudo contribui para o modelo já desenvolvido por Frezatti (2011), avançado por Caliman (2014), Junqueira e outros (2015) e Caliman e outros (2016). Na pesquisa, aplicou-se os procedimentos e regras voltadas para estudos de casos, formatadas por Yin (2001). Na coleta dos dados utilizou-se como instrumento a entrevista semiestruturada, a observação não participante e análise documental. Na análise dos mesmos, aplicou-se o método de Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin (2011). No total, foram entrevistados 06 indivíduos. Foram identificados 17 fatores que inibem a institucionalização do Orçamento. Dentre eles, destaca-se o fator referente às "relações informais”, dentro da categoria “relações políticas”, além dos fatores “Imprevisibilidade e Comunicação Top Down”, também identificados em pesquisas similares. Considera-se que o orçamento no grupo empresarial não esteja totalmente institucionalizado como ferramenta de controle gerencial. A cultura orçamentária comprova grande valor à organização, ao qual está preparada para lidar com as mudanças do mercado.
ENSINO DE CONTABILIDADE PÚBLICA: UM ESTUDO NO ENSINO SUPERIOR NO ESTADO DE MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Cabral Natielli Pereira Santos , CARVALHO ANDRADE MARIA ELISABETH MOREIRA
Published: February 2019

Este estudo teve como objetivo, analisar se os conteúdos de ensino do Curso de Ciências Contábeis existentes nas IES do Estado de Minas Gerias, estão alinhados ao proposto pelas Normas Brasileiras Aplicadas ao Setor Público - NBCASP. Para tanto, seguiu-se o modelo proposto por Maciel et al. (2015), com a criação do Índice de Aderência - INBCASP. A amostra foi formada por 32 IES Mineiras com o curso na modalidade presencial, perfazendo um percentual de 47% das IES. A coleta foi de abril a outubro de 2016.  Foi utilizada a estatística descritiva e análise das diferenças entre as médias com o uso da Anova. Os resultados revelaram um índice de aderência de 40,9%. Portanto, é preciso uma atualização das IES de Minas Gerais com o objetivo de preparar os discentes para as exigências do mercado de trabalho. Vale ressaltar que mais normas entraram em vigor em janeiro de 2017 e mais uma vez demandará ajustes nas grades curriculares do ensino de Contabilidade Pública.
RESENHA SOBRE O LIVRO “ALTERNATIVAS PARA UMA CRISE DE MÚLTIPLAS DIMENSÕES”
Authors: Afonso Luis Eduardo
Published: February 2019

Resenha da obra: Andrade, Mônica Viegas; Albuquerque, Eduardo da Motta (Ed.). Alternativas para uma Crise de Múltiplas Dimensões, Belo Horizonte: CEDEPLAR - UFMG, 2018.
Worse Quality of Life, Function, and Pain in Children With Enthesitis, Irrespective of Their Juvenile Arthritis Category
Authors: Rumsey Dax G. , Guzman Jaime , Rosenberg Alan M. , Huber Adam M. , Scuccimarri Rosie , Shiff Natalie J. , Bruns Alessandra , Feldman Brian M. , Eurich Dean T. ,   for the Research in Arthritis in Canadian Children Emphasizing Outcomes Investigators
Published: February 2019

Objective

To estimate the impact of enthesitis on patient‐reported outcomes in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), irrespective of JIA category.

Methods

Children enrolled in the Research in Arthritis in Canadian Children Emphasizing Outcomes cohort were studied. Entheseal tenderness by physician examination in 33 defined locations, Juvenile Arthritis Quality of Life Questionnaire (JAQQ), Quality of My Life (QoML) Questionnaire, Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (C‐HAQ), and a pain visual analog scale were completed at enrollment, every 6 months for 2 years, and then yearly up to 5 years. Analyses consisted of descriptive statistics, linear mixed models for longitudinal data, and analysis of covariance.

Results

Among 1,371 patients followed for a median of 35.3 months (interquartile range 22.1, 49.2), 214 (16%) had enthesitis, of whom 137 (64%) were classified as having enthesitis‐related arthritis. After adjusting for JIA category and covariates, children with enthesitis reported higher JAQQ (mean raw score 2.71 versus 2.16, adjusted difference 0.41 points; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.22, 0.59), higher C‐HAQ (0.47 versus 0.31, adjusted difference 0.14 points; 95% CI 0.07, 0.22), higher pain (3.01 versus 1.68, adjusted difference 0.94 points; 95% CI 0.64, 1.25), and lower QoML (7.02 versus 8.23, adjusted difference –0.80 points; 95% CI –1.09, –0.51) scores than children without enthesitis. These differences persisted up to 5 years.

Conclusion

Children with enthesitis, regardless of JIA category, report worse patient‐reported outcomes than those without enthesitis. Thus, enthesitis should be assessed in all children with JIA.
Bortezomib Dendrimer Prodrug‐Based Nanoparticle System
Authors: Hu Xuefeng , Chai Zhilan , Lu Linwei , Ruan Huitong , Wang Ruifeng , Zhan Changyou , Xie Cao , Pan Jun , Liu Min , Wang Hao , Lu Weiyue
Published: February 2019

Bortezomib (BTZ) is mainly used to treat hematologic tumors, such as multiple myeloma and small cell lymphoma. However, its usefulness for solid tumor therapy is limited owing to its poor stability and toxicity in vivo. In the present study, an amphiphilic PEGylated dendrimer with dopamine molecule is synthesized from azide group–functionalized polyethylene glycol and alkyne group–functionalized dendrimer, which is produced from 1,1‐dimethylolpropionic acid and dopamine. The amphiphilic PEGylated dendrimer with dopamine molecule reacts with BTZ to construct a BTZ prodrug‐based nanoparticle through a ultrasonic emulsification method. The BTZ prodrug‐based nanoparticles have greater serum stability than BTZ alone and release the prototype drug in acidic environments. The BTZ prodrug‐based nanoparticle is more effective against subcutaneous tumors than BTZ itself. Furthermore, c(RGDyK) modification significantly improves the antitumor efficacy of the BTZ prodrug‐based nanoparticle with regard to subcutaneous and intracranial tumors. Moreover, the BTZ prodrug‐based nanoparticle significantly reduces the toxicity of BTZ in vivo. Therefore, the PEGylated BTZ dendrimer prodrug‐based nanoparticles have great potential for the treatment of solid tumors in vivo.
Soft Matter Technology at KIT: Chemical Perspective from Nanoarchitectures to Microstructures
Authors: Grosjean Sylvain , Wawryszyn Mirella , Mutlu Hatice , Bräse Stefan , Lahann Joerg , Theato Patrick
Published: February 2019

Bioinspiration has emerged as an important design principle in the rapidly growing field of materials science and especially its subarea, soft matter science. For example, biological cells form hierarchically organized tissues that not only are optimized and designed for durability, but also have to adapt to their external environment, undergo self‐repair, and perform many highly complex functions. Being able to create artificial soft materials that mimic those highly complex functions will enable future materials applications. Herein, soft matter technologies that are used to realize bioinspired material structures are described, and potential pathways to integrate these into a comprehensive soft matter research environment are addressed. Solutions become available because soft matter technologies are benefitting from the synergies between organic synthesis, polymer chemistry, and materials science.
Ex vivo Dynamics of Human Glioblastoma Cells in a Microvasculature‐on‐a‐Chip System Correlates with Tumor Heterogeneity and Subtypes
Authors: Xiao Yang , Kim Dongjoo , Dura Burak , Zhang Kerou , Yan Runchen , Li Huamin , Han Edward , Ip Joshua , Zou Pan , Liu Jun , Chen Ann Tai , Vortmeyer Alexander O. , Zhou Jiangbing , Fan Rong
Published: February 2019

The perivascular niche (PVN) plays an essential role in brain tumor stem‐like cell (BTSC) fate control, tumor invasion, and therapeutic resistance. Here, a microvasculature‐on‐a‐chip system as a PVN model is used to evaluate the ex vivo dynamics of BTSCs from ten glioblastoma patients. BTSCs are found to preferentially localize in the perivascular zone, where they exhibit either the lowest motility, as in quiescent cells, or the highest motility, as in the invasive phenotype, with migration over long distance. These results indicate that PVN is a niche for BTSCs, while the microvascular tracks may serve as a path for tumor cell migration. The degree of colocalization between tumor cells and microvessels varies significantly across patients. To validate these results, single‐cell transcriptome sequencing (10 patients and 21 750 single cells in total) is performed to identify tumor cell subtypes. The colocalization coefficient is found to positively correlate with proneural (stem‐like) or mesenchymal (invasive) but not classical (proliferative) tumor cells. Furthermore, a gene signature profile including PDGFRA correlates strongly with the “homing” of tumor cells to the PVN. These findings demonstrate that the model can recapitulate in vivo tumor cell dynamics and heterogeneity, representing a new route to study patient‐specific tumor cell functions.
Thermodynamic and molecular insights into the absorption of H2S, CO2, and CH4 in choline chloride plus urea mixtures
Authors: Liu Fujian , Chen Wei , Mi Jinxing , Zhang Jia‐Yin , Kan Xun , Zhong Fu‐Yu , Huang Kuan , Zheng An‐Min , Jiang Lilong
Published: February 2019

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are a class of promising media for gas separation. In order to examine the potential application of DESs for natural gas upgrading, the solubilities of H2S, CO2, and CH4 in choline chloride (ChCl) plus urea mixtures were measured in this work. The solubility data were correlated with Henry's law equation to calculate the thermodynamic properties of gas absorption processes, such as Henry's constants and enthalpy changes. Grand‐canonical Monte Carlo simulations and quantum chemistry calculations were also performed to examine the mechanism of gas absorption processes. It is found that the absorption of H2S in ChCl + urea mixtures is governed by the hydrogen‐bond interaction between Cl of ChCl and H of H2S, whereas the absorption of CO2 and CH4 in ChCl+urea mixtures is governed by the free volume of solvents. Based on the different behavior of gas absorption, high H2S/CO2, H2S/CH4, and CO2/CH4 selectivities can be achieved by adjusting the ratio of ChCl/urea in mixtures.
Biomechanical control of beech pole verticality (Fagus sylvatica) before and after thinning: theoretical modelling and ground‐truth data using terrestrial LiDAR
Authors: Noyer Estelle , Fournier Mériem , Constant Thiéry , Collet Catherine , Dlouhá Jana
Published: February 2019

Premise of the Study

Thinning is a frequent disturbance in managed forests, especially to increase radial growth. Due to buckling and bending risk associated with height and mass growth, tree verticality is strongly constrained in slender trees growing in dense forests and poor light conditions. Tree verticality is controlled by uprighting movements implemented from local curvatures induced by wood maturation stresses and/or eccentric radial growth. This study presents the first attempt to compare the real uprighting movements in mature trees using a theoretical model of posture control.

Methods

Stem lean and curvature were measured by Terrestrial LiDAR Scanner (TLS) technology before and 6 years after thinning and compared to unthinned control poles. Measures for several tree and wood traits were pooled together to implement a widely used biomechanical model of tree posture control. Changes in observed stem lean were then compared with the model predictions, and discrepancies were reviewed.

Key Results

Even under a highly constrained environment, most control poles were able to counterbalance gravitational curvature and avoid sagging. Thinning stimulated uprighting movements. The theoretical uprighting curvature rate increased just after thinning, then slowed after 2 years, likely due to the stem diameter increase. The biomechanical model overestimated the magnitude of uprighting.

Conclusions

Most suppressed beech poles maintain a constant lean angle, and uprighting movements occur after thinning, indicating that stem lean is plastic in response to light conditions. Acclimation of posture control to other changes in growth condition should be investigated, and lean angles should be measured in forest inventories as an indicator of future wood quality.
Phase II study of carfilzomib and dexamethasone therapy for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma
Authors: Forsberg Peter A. , Rossi Adriana C. , Boyer Angelique , Tegnestam Linda , Pearse Roger N. , Perry Arthur , Pekle Karen A. , Jayabalan David , Ely Scott , Boussi Leora , Sherbenou Daniel W. , Williams Colt , Allan John N. , Coleman Morton , Niesvizky Ruben , Mark Tomer M.
Published: February 2019

Carfilzomib and dexamethasone (Kd) has significant activity in relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma. Kd has not previously been evaluated in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM). We report a single‐arm phase 2 study of 72 patients with NDMM to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of Kd induction. Carfilzomib was administered in two dosing cohorts with dosing of 20/45 mg/m2 in the first 25 patients and 20/56 mg/m2 in the subsequent 47 patients. Carfilzomib was administered on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15 and 16 of a 28‐day cycle, dexamethasone 20 mg was administered orally on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, 16, 22 and 23. Treatment was continued to maximum response, progression of disease, or regimen intolerability. Endpoints included overall response rate (ORR), regimen toxicity and impact of carfilzomib on CD34+ stem cell collection yield. Sixty‐five pts achieved at least a partial response (PR) for an ORR of 90%. The maximum response achieved was complete response or better in 5 (7%), very good partial response (VGPR) in 42 (58%), PR in 18 (25%) and stable disease in 7 pts (10%). Toxicities were predominantly low grade with 547 grade 1/2 adverse events and 44 grade ≥3 events. The rate of grade ≥3 cardiovascular adverse events was 11.1% with eight observed events. The activity of Kd described represents the highest rate of overall response and ≥VGPR for any 2‐agent combination in NDMM reported to date. Kd demonstrated a safety profile consistent with previously reported carfilzomib studies.
Exome sequencing reveals a novel COL2A1 mutation implicated in multiple epiphyseal dysplasia
Authors: Dasa Vinod , Eastwood James R.B. , Podgorski Michal , Park Heewon , Blackstock Christopher , Antoshchenko Tetyana , Rogala Piotr , Bieganski Tadeusz , Jazwinski S. Michal , Czarny‐Ratajczak Malwina
Published: February 2019

Mutations in the COMP, COL9A1, COL9A2, COL9A3, MATN3, and SLC26A2 genes cause approximately 70% of multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (MED) cases. The genetic changes involved in the etiology of the remaining cases are still unknown, suggesting that other genes contribute to MED development. Our goal was to identify a mutation causing an autosomal dominant form of MED in a large multigenerational family. Initially, we excluded all genes known to be associated with autosomal dominant MED by using microsatellite and SNP markers. Follow‐up with whole‐exome sequencing analysis revealed a mutation c.2032G>A (p.Gly678Arg) in the COL2A1 gene (NCBI Reference Sequence: NM_001844.4), which co‐segregated with the disease phenotype in this family, manifested by severe hip dysplasia and osteoarthritis. One of the affected family members had a double‐layered patella, which is frequently seen in patients with autosomal recessive MED caused by DTDST mutations and sporadically in the dominant form of MED caused by COL9A2 defect.