bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Can subduction initiation at a transform fault be spontaneous?
Authors: Arcay Diane , Lallemand Serge , Abecassis Sarah , Garel Fanny
Published: January 2020

Abstract. We present an extensive parametric exploration of the feasibility of “spontaneous” subduction initiation, i.e., lithospheric gravitational collapse without any external forcing, at a transform fault (TF). We first seek candidates from recent subduction initiation events at an oceanic TF that could fulfill the criteria of spontaneous subduction and retain three natural cases: Izu–Bonin–Mariana, Yap, and Matthew and Hunter. We next perform an extensive exploration of conditions allowing for the spontaneous gravitational sinking of the older oceanic plate at a TF using 2-D thermomechanical simulations. Our parametric study aims at better delimiting the ranges of mechanical properties necessary to achieve the old plate sinking (OPS). The explored parameter set includes the following: crust and TF densities, brittle and ductile rheologies, and the width of the weakened region around the TF. We focus on characterizing the OPS conditions in terms of (1) the reasonable vs. unrealistic values of the mechanical parameters and (2) a comparison to modern cases of subduction initiation in a TF setting.
When modeled, OPS initiates following one of two distinct modes, depending mainly on the thickness of the overlying younger plate.
The asthenosphere may rise up to the surface above the sinking old plate, provided that the younger plate remains motionless (verified for ages ≥5 Myr, mode 1). For lower younger plate ages (typically ≤2 Myr), the younger plate is dragged toward the older plate, resulting in a double-sided subduction (mode 2). When triggered, spontaneous OPS is extremely fast. The parameters that exert the strongest control over whether OPS can occur or not are the brittle properties of the shallow part of the lithosphere, which affect the plate resistance to bending, the distance away from the TF over which weakening is expected, and the crust density. We find that at least one mechanical parameter has to be assigned an unrealistic value and at least two other ones must be set to extreme ranges to achieve OPS, which we do not consider realistic. Furthermore, we point out inconsistencies between the processes and consequences of lithospheric instability, as modeled in our experiments and geological observations of subduction infancy, for the three natural candidates of subduction initiation by spontaneous OPS.
We conclude that spontaneous instability of the thick older plate at a TF evolving into mature subduction is an unlikely process of subduction initiation in modern Earth conditions.
Soil Aggregate Stability of Forest Islands and Adjacent Ecosystems in West Africa
Authors: Bougma Amelie Baomalgré , Ouattara Korodjouma , Compaore Halidou , Nacro Hassan  Bismarck , Melenya Caleb , Mesele Samuel  Ayodele , Logah Vincent , Oladipupo Azeez Jamiu , Veenendaal Elmar , Lloyd Jonathan
Published: January 2020

Abstract. In the more mesic savanna areas of West Africa, significant areas of relatively tall and dense vegetation with a species composition more characteristic of forest than savanna are often found around villages areas. These forest islands may be the direct action of human activity. To better understand the processes leading to the development of these patches with relatively luxuriant vegetation, our study focused on the stability of the soil aggregates of forest islands, nearby areas of natural savanna vegetation across a precipitation transect in West Africa for which mean annual precipitation at the study sites ranges from 0.80 to 1.27 m a−1. Soil samples were taken from 0 to 5 cm and 5 to 10 cm depths and aggregate fractions with diameters: > 500 μm, 500–250 μm and 250–53 μm (viz. macro aggregates, mesoaggregates and microaggregates) determined using the water sieving method. The results showed significant higher proportion of stable meso and macro- aggregates in forest islands and natural savanna compared to agricultural soils (p
Tres problemas para la neo-vanguardia argentina: herencia, genealogía, legitimidad
Authors: Herzovich Guido
Published: January 2020

La tradición fue un problema central para las prácticas y las teorías artísticas desde el inicio de la modernidad; eso significa también que ha sido una de sus coyunturas de producción más fecundas. En la década de 1960 las vanguardias de entreguerras, tenidas en su tiempo por muchos como sepultureras de la civilización occidental, eran releídas como culminación de una gran tradición moderna; al mismo tiempo, una diversidad de prácticas artísticas aparentemente “post-modernas” recibía el diagnóstico de constituir una nueva crisis de la continuidad histórica. Los tres episodios argentinos que discute este artículo presentan una constelación de problemas movilizados por el imaginario de la ruptura con la tradición. Primero, el problema de la herencia en las ideas del teórico y curador Jorge Romero Brest; segundo, el de la genealogía en las Crónicas de Bustos Domecq de Jorge Luis Borges y Adolfo Bioy Casares; tercero, el de la legitimidad en varios textos y un happening del joven crítico Oscar Masotta. Además de reunir bajo este signo común materiales y problemas en apariencia disímiles, mi intención es advertir las modulaciones geopolíticas y clasistas que adquiere, en un contexto periférico y de rápida transformación social, un aspecto central de la dinámica artística moderna.
La mirada borrosa: poéticas del desenfoque y visiones oblicuas en la narrativa hispánica contemporánea
Authors: Canelo Marta Pascua
Published: January 2020

El sentido de la vista se ha implantado como el modelo cognitivo preferente en nuestra cultura; pero, ¿qué sucede cuando el orden visual se muestra falible?, ¿qué implicaciones y significados adquiere la presencia de un conjunto de enfermedades oculares que generan visiones defectuosas en la narrativa más reciente? En este trabajo se aborda, desde el paradigma de los estudios de género y de los estudios culturales, la obra de varias autoras latinoamericanas que han articulado en su narrativa diferentes desórdenes ópticos como la miopía, el estrabismo o la diplopía. Desde este planteamiento, se pretende demostrar que la presencia repetida de afecciones oculares ha configurado un motivo literario que se encuentra directamente relacionado con la emergencia de un nuevo posicionamiento estético. Las visiones deficientes se descubren, ahora, como la manifestación de ese mirar desde otro ángulo que precisaba el discurso femenino para oponerse a un régimen ocularcéntrico de raigambre masculina.
Saldar la cuenta. Teorías, políticas y estrategias expresivas de la literatura latinoamericana en español (1973-2018)
Authors: Paniagua García José Antonio
Published: January 2020

Presentación dossier
Les animaux dans les manuscrits du Sud-Ouest de la France au 14e siècle
Authors: Nadal Émilie
Published: January 2020

Cet article s'interroge sur la place de l'animal dans les manuscrits enluminés produits au cours du 14e siècle et associés au quart Sud-Ouest de la France. Dans un rôle purement décoratif, on constate une prédilection pour les échassiers et les dragons, employés tout particulièrement dans l'enluminure toulousaine de la première moitié du 14e siècle. La faible diversité des espèces animales représentées est compensée par quelques cas à part qui témoignent de l'importation des marginalia septentrionales dans certaines productions associées au Sud-Ouest français : au début du siècle, avec deux ateliers qui travaillent respectivement dans l'entourage du pape Clément V et de l'abbé Augier de Cogeux; puis autour de 1350 avec deux manuscrits (Paris, BnF, latin 3313A et Paris, Biblitohèque Sainte-Geneviève, ms. 143) qui en dépit des attaches locales de leurs commanditaires sont toutefois très liés à la production avignonnaise. Enfin, deux manuscrits produits vers 1350 permettent de prouver que la région participe aux débuts du naturalisme pictural qui caractérise le siècle: dans un pontifical en partie enluminé par un artiste catalan (Narbonne, Trésor de la cathédrale, ms. 2) et dans une traduction en occitan du Livre des propriétés des choses (Paris, Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève, ms. 1029).
Semantic Change in Words Borrowed From English to Urdu
Authors: Aslam Aisha , Chaman Saba
Published: January 2020

The research investigates the semantic change in words borrowed from English to Urdu from a pragmatic perspective. The data for the research were collected through a questionnaire from one hundred volunteers from four universities of Pakistan. The analysis was done both quantitatively and qualitatively. The results revealed the new meanings of the English borrowed words used in Urdu. The quantitative analysis revealed about 69% of the words analyzed in the research did not imply the English dictionary meanings of these words. Additionally, the results depicted that for 11 out of 16 words analyzed, more than 70% of the participants of the questionnaire chose completely changed meanings when the words are used in the Urdu language. Words like ‘light, ‘press’, and ‘paste’ have undergone a significant semantic change as in Urdu, these words mainly mean ‘electricity’, ‘to iron’, and ‘to brush’ respectively. Hence it may be argued that a substantial semantic change has occurred in the words borrowed from English into Urdu. The qualitative analysis proposed how those changes may have happened. It also strengthened the idea that the meanings may not be taken as isolated concepts; rather they are formed in a context depending on the implied meaning of the speaker.
El anclaje de la renovación urbana: conjunto urbano Paseo Molino en el Centro Histórico de la ciudad de Toluca, México
Authors: Valencia Flores Silvia , Orozco Hernández María Estela , Tapia Quevedo Jorge , Becerril Sánchez Teresa
Published: January 2020

Actualmente en los centros históricos de las ciudades mexicanas convergen tendencias modernizantes expresadas en su forma física, actividades comerciales y tensiones sociales. El artículo analiza el anclaje de la renovación urbana en el centro histórico de la ciudad de Toluca, a través del conjunto Paseo Molino, el cual marca un hito en la producción de vivienda vertical, comercios y servicios en un sector que desconoce antecedentes semejantes. Por medio de entrevistas semiestructuradas y recorridos exploratorios, se caracteriza el entorno urbano del proyecto, los agentes y mecanismos de la apropiación del suelo urbano y la prospectiva de los impactos esperados. El anclaje urbano expresa niveles de intervención y grados de decisión pública y privada que configuran un modo distinto de gestión urbana a través de la intensificación del uso urbano y mecanismos que instituyen el fideicomiso para garantizar la rentabilidad. Se concluye en la importancia del reacomodo de las relaciones gobierno y sector privado para enfrentar la continuidad del pasado que se remonta a casi dos siglos, y que en lo sucesivo constituirá un factor que podría frenar la multiplicación de modernas intervenciones urbanísticas en el centro histórico de la ciudad de Toluca.
Uso y percepción del espacio público, una mirada desde la población: el caso de Cuenca, Ecuador
Authors: Muñoz-Vanegas Paula Camila , Quizhpe-Marín María Augusta , Salazar-Guamán Ximena
Published: January 2020

La dinámica social es inherente a los espacios públicos, los cuales deben propiciar el encuentro e interacción de los diversos usuarios. A más de ello, es necesario disponer de información para el proyecto que supere las preconcepciones de diseño que generalmente tiene el proyectista. No obstante, consiste un reto captar con claridad las experiencias, opiniones y actividades que ejercen los usuarios en estos espacios. El objetivo de este artículo es plantear una metodología para el diagnóstico de espacios públicos que capte la dinámica cotidiana de la población, la percepción sobre los elementos que los constituyen, así como el rol que cumplen en el barrio y en el contexto de la ciudad. La propuesta metodológica se enmarca en una perspectiva sistémica que determina las distintas dimensiones que lo estructuran, los criterios de calidad y sus interrelaciones, empleando distintos instrumentos (observación, encuesta y entrevista). Como caso de estudio se trabaja en las Plazas El Vergel y El Carbón, ubicadas en barrios históricos de Cuenca, Ecuador, obteniendo como resultado una caracterización integral, así como un conocimiento detallado de la percepción de la población y el uso del espacio de forma estructurada y organizada en base a la argumentación teórica. Tras la aplicación de la propuesta metodológica se ratifica la importancia de la participación de la población en las intervenciones, resultando en elementos comunes que pueden ser generalizados y a su vez, en particularidades de cada espacio.
Innovación social: fortalezas y limitaciones estructurales, una observación desde la teoría de sistemas sociales
Authors: Verdejo Diego
Published: January 2020

La presente investigación tiene por objetivo conocer cómo pueden estabilizarse las iniciativas de innovación social, en los términos propuestos por la teoría de la evolución de Niklas Luhmann. Para lograr el propósito, se entrevistó a personas con experiencia en innovación social y que ejecutan distintos roles en esferas de la sociedad. Los resultados indican que se debe fomentar la coordinación de actores sociales a partir de la construcción compartida, tanto de los problemas observados como de sus soluciones, y que, en la medida que estos actores operen principalmente a partir de expectativas cognitivas, las iniciativas de innovación social tendrían mayores posibilidades de estabilizarse.
Marcos dominantes en los mensajes presidenciales de Michelle Bachelet por una nueva Constitución en Chile: 2014-2017
Authors: Johnson Doris , Pacheco César
Published: January 2020

Este estudio analiza desde la teoría del Framing los marcos dominantes en la construcción del sentido discursivo de los mensajes presidenciales de Michelle Bachelet por una nueva Constitución Política del Estado, CPE, en Chile, durante su segundo período presidencial: 2014 al 2017. Desde este enfoque se analizan las estrategias discursivas con que se legitima la demanda de una nueva CPE y la necesidad de un proceso constituyente que se erija desde la institucionalidad vigente y sobre la base de un acuerdo político-nacional que fundamente una constitución pactada. En la argumentación discursiva se obvia el origen dictatorial y los fundamentos antidemocráticos de la actual Carta Magna, reforzando los principios del consenso democrático, que retrotraen los idearios fundantes del Gran Acuerdo Nacional con que se diseñó la transición a la democracia a fines de los 80.
Cuando el Estado hackea: El caso de Operación Huracán
Authors: Viollier Pablo , Ortega Valeria
Published: January 2020

El trabajo analiza la legalidad de la utilización de técnicas de hacking por parte de la Dirección de Inteligencia de Carabineros de Chile (Dipolcar), a la luz de los hechos ocurridos en la polémica Operación Huracán. Para ello, se hace una breve relación de las herramientas y técnicas que eventualmente podrían permitir obtener acceso a las comunicaciones de aplicaciones como Whatsapp y Telegram. Luego, se estudian las normas del Código Procesal Penal y la Ley 19.974, a fin de evaluar si estos cuerpos habilitan a las policías para acceder a sistemas informáticos, infectar dispositivos con programas maliciosos y utilizar técnicas de phishing. Por último, se entregan breves recomendaciones para que una futura modificación de la ley de inteligencia permita adecuarla a estándares internacionales de derechos humanos.
Las cláusulas relativas al uso y tratamiento de datos personales y el artículo 16 letra g) de la Ley 19.496 sobre protección de los derechos de los consumidores
Authors: Momberg Rodrigo , Morales Ortíz Maria Elisa
Published: January 2020

A partir de dos fallos de la Corte Suprema, el artículo analiza los supuestos para la declarar como abusiva una cláusula sobre uso y tratamiento de datos personales. El estudio se efectúa desde la perspectiva del derecho del consumidor, en particular, a partir de los dispuesto en el artículo 16 letra g) de la Ley 19.496. Se concluye que la infracción a la buena fe y el desequilibrio importante a que se refiere dicha norma se configuran por la pretensión del proveedor, mediante una autorización amplia y poco definida, de recolectar, usar y tratar datos personales del usuario más allá de los necesarios para la celebración o ejecución del contrato, o para fines completamente ajenos a él.
Trayectorias migratorias. Entre trayectorias directas, azarosas y nómades
Authors: Contreras Yasna
Published: January 2020

Históricamente los territorios se han configurado a partir del arribo de sujetos y familias de diferentes orígenes cuyas tradicionales causas de movilidad están asociadas a la búsqueda de empleo y/o mejores expectativas de vida, contemplando trayectorias migratorias que aluden a espacios de origen y destino. Este artículo reflexiona sobre el concepto trayectoria migratoria y se cuestiona cómo se construye la trayectoria y cuáles son las estrategias y arbitrajes a los que recurre el/la sujeto (a) migrante. Se postula que la trayectoria migratoria comprende la articulación de todos los nodos que explican la salida de un lugar, el tránsito por otro y la permanencia. La trayectoria rompe con la tradicional idea de que sujetos migrantes salen de un destino y llegan a otro de supuesta acogida. La condición de acogida es puesta en tensión en dos sentidos: muchas de las trayectorias no coinciden con los proyectos originales de los sujetos, más bien, habitan actualmente en territorios que fueron parte de negociaciones en ruta y, en segundo lugar, algunas/os son sometidos a discursos y prácticas racistas lo que cuestiona el término acogida. La discusión se plantea desde el análisis de diez entrevistas en profundidad realizadas a inmigrantes latinoamericanos y del Caribe que residen en el norte chileno. Se analizan las decisiones detrás de cada movimiento; las estrategias que despliegan; y el sentido que asignan a cada nodo que compone su trayectoria migratoria. El análisis permitió la construcción de tres tipos de trayectorias definidas aquí como directa, azarosa y nómade. Desde estas aproximaciones se concluye sobre la necesidad de plantear una crítica a la política migratoria, en tanto, debe reconocer la condición en la que arriba un sujeto; la racialización con la que carga, e incluso, las violencias a las que se ven expuestas durante su ruta al no ser considerados sujetos de derecho.
Lugar, materia y técnica
Authors: Uribe José Luis
Published: January 2020

El presente artículo plantea adentrarnos en la arquitectura contemporánea de Paraguay, una práctica arquitectónica en constante adaptación a los materiales naturales o reciclados provenientes de los diversos lugares que componen el territorio guaraní. La generosa cultura material presente en este contexto, ha generado la configuración de un proceso de proyecto y obra basado en el intercambio de experiencias entre el arquitecto y el artesano. Mediante la lectura de cuatro obras, ubicadas en distintos lugares del territorio paraguayo y que se han construido con materiales provenientes de cada entorno, se comprobará que la práctica arquitectónica de Paraguay tiene un carácter polivalente.
Confiança política e qualidade da democracia no Brasil (2006-2016): aproximação teórica e alguns dados empíricos
Authors: Da Silva Carolini
Published: January 2020

Judiciário -com base em três dimensões da qualidade das democracias: rule of law, accountability vertical e accountability horizontal- e o comparamos com o nível de confiança dos cidadãos nas referidas instituições, mediante uma análise descritiva dos dados do Latinobarómetro (2006-2016). Concluímos que a confiança política e a qualidade da democracia estariam relacionadas pelos critérios que mobilizam para aferir o desempenho institucional, ou seja, as literaturas promovem um debate acerca da performance das instituições a partir de critérios semelhantes, como a aplicação do Estado de direito e dos controles verticais e horizontais dos atores institucionais. No Brasil, a qualidade do desempenho institucional sugere uma interpretação para o fato do fenômeno da desconfiança afetar em maior medida as instituições representativas e em menor medida instituições cuja autoridade advém da capacidade de estabelecer controles sobre o poder político.
Nuevos materiales a partir de residuos textiles: una perspectiva del diseño industrial
Authors: Gómez Gómez Jaime Francisco , González Madariaga Francisco Javier , Rossa Sierra Luis Alberto
Published: January 2020

El presente trabajo es una breve descripción de algunas experiencias efectuadas por el grupo de investigación Innovación Tecnológica para el Diseño del Centro Universitario de Arte Arquitectura y Diseño de la Universidad de Guadalajara a través de proyectos terminales de diseño industrial. Una de las áreas de interés de este grupo de investigación es el trabajo con residuos de algunas empresas manufactureras de la localidad para proponer nuevos materiales a partir de dichos residuos, desarrollando investigación sobre fibras de agave, textiles, residuos plásticos y basalto por mencionar algunos en los que se está trabajando. Por otro lado, es importante destacar la participación de los estudiantes tanto en la elaboración del material como de propuestas de productos a partir de dichos materiales. Esto representa una oportunidad para, por un lado, adentrarlos en el tema de los procesos de manufactura para la elaboración de prototipos, y por otro, acercarlos sobre la marcha al conocimiento de las propiedades y atributos de los materiales. Si bien el objetivo de estas actividades no es desarrollar experiencias didácticas, sino resolver una problemática dentro de un sector productivo concreto, este último aspecto resulta de gran interés dado que de manera formal muchos de ellos, por el tipo de diseño curricular, no recibieron este tipo de formación de carácter técnico.
The rhizosphere microbiome and biological control of weeds: A review
Authors: Dahiya Anupma , Chahar Kavita , Sindhu Satyavir S.
Published: January 2020

The productivity of important grain crops wheat, rice and maize is adversely affected by various biotic and abiotic stresses. Weeds and phytopathogens are the major biotic stresses involved in biomass reduction and yield losses of these cereal crops. Various weeds compete with crop plants for natural resources viz. light, moisture, nutrients and space, and cause yield losses to agricultural produce. Weeds also increase harvesting costs and reduce quality of the farm produce. Weed management strategies include crop rotation, mechanical weeding or treatment with different herbicides. Although, sprays of different herbicides control various destructive weeds but their excessive use is environmentally unsafe and uneconomic. Indiscriminate use of these agrochemicals for weed control has resulted into considerable pollution of soil, groundwater and atmosphere. Therefore, effective biological weed management is an attractive approach for achieving the increased crop production to meet the food demands of the escalating global population. Many bacteria and fungi have been identified from the plant rhizospheres, which suppress the growth of weeds. The production of indole acetic acid, aminolevulinic acid, toxins and hydrogen cyanide has been correlated with the growth suppression of various weeds. Interestingly, inoculation with bioherbicides results in creation of biased rhizosphere leading to resource partitioning of nutrients towards growth stimulation of crop plants. Thus, inoculation of plants with bioherbicides has been found to increase germination percentage, seedling vigor, root and shoot growth, seed weight and increased grain, fodder and fruit yields. These environment-friendly biocontrol strategies for management of weeds are highly compatible with the sustainable agriculture.
Leadership Pivotal to Productivity Enhancement for 21st-Century Indian Higher Education System
Authors: Dwivedi Vedvyas J. , Joshi Yogesh C.
Published: January 2020

Good governance enhances efficiency both in public and private sector organizations. Productivity and good governance are closely associated to aid value for investment both in terms of time and money, and end-user satisfaction. Productivity Enhancement and quality improvement of higher education depend on governance-trends and productive leadership of the institution. Discipline, and quality vision set, and policy practiced by the leadership in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) propagate down the timeline-hierarchy. This article addresses the pivotal factors and parameters worldwide studied, accepted and opined in various case studies and policy making schemes for good governance of Higher Education Indian Institution (HEIIs). This is necessary to enable their leadership enhancing the organizational productivity for 21st-century Indian subcontinent. The 3rd largest youth in the world studying in HEIIs would contribute the most to the growth of 21st-century Indian economy and living standards. This shall be possible when educational productivity of HEII-leadership is innovatively transformed into transformative innovation. In this paper effects, consequences, impacts, opportunities, problems and remedies regarding pivotal issues and challenges of and for existing HEIIs for becoming world-class education system are systematically reviewed. Recommendations based upon studies and findings are made for 21st-century HEII-leadership, and practical model is presented to measure the productivity.
A Hospital Based Cross Sectional Study on Dietary Status and Associated Factors among People Living with HIV/AIDS in Kigali, Rwanda
Authors: Dzinamarira Tafadzwa , Pierre Gashema , Umuhire Elyse Jeanne , Habtu Michael , Okova Rosemary
Published: January 2020

Background

Good nutrition empowers PLWH with the ability to fight against infection ultimately slowing down disease progression. Consequently, nutrition management is a crucial component of HIV treatment, care, and support. This study aimed at assessing dietary status and associated factors among PLWH in Kigali, Rwanda.

Methods

We conducted a cross sectional study in three selected hospitals in Kigali from over a six-week period in July – August, 2019 to collect data from 204 HIV positive adults enrolled using systematic random sampling. Data was collected using an adapted, validated and pre-tested food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Descriptive and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed using SPSS version 25 for windows.

Results

The proportion of participants with poor dietary status was 15% based on FFQ responses. The study found only three factors to be independently associated with dietary status. There was an association between dietary status and HIV status disclosure (AOR 2.5; CI 1.25 - 4.83; p=0.014). There was an association between dietary status and travel time to place of collection of ARVs (AOR 3.2; CI 1.7 - 5.8; p=0.006). There was an association between dietary status and BMI (AOR 10.2; CI 8.30 – 16.0; p<0.001).

Conclusions

Poor dietary status among PLWH remains a concern. The strong association between dietary status and BMI underlines the need for interventions that target PLWH to improve dietary status and ultimately nutrition status
Occupational Medicine Insurance – Essence and Legal Nature
Authors: Machulak Paweł , Sewerynik Jakub
Published: January 2020

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the essence and legal characteristics of occupational medicine insurance. This is a relatively new insurance product in the Polish market which addresses the need to protect the employers’ risks related to occupational medicine, in particular the obligation to bear the costs of medical examinations and of preventive health care. The lack of specific legal provisions which would regulate the voluntary medical insurance, including occupational medicine, contributes to the uncertainty about the admissibility of such insurance products. The authors of the article present the legal structure of occupational medicine insurance, including its compliance with the law in force, legal characteristics and place in the insurance scheme. Furthermore, having discussed the basic issues related to occupational health insurance, they indicate the aspects of how this type of insurance operates in practice. Finally, they provide a thorough analysis of a random event, the insurer's compensation and liability in the occupational medicine insurance.
Dynamické modelování ložisek kaolinu na příkladu ložiska Jimlíkov-východ
Authors: Staněk František , Jelínek Jan , Grygar Radomír , Staňková Jana , Jarošová Marcela
Published: January 2020

This paper focuses on research within the project TE02000029 Competence Centre for Effective and Ecological Mining of Mineral Resources, granted by The Technology Agency of the Czech Republic, and, more specifically, on the research within its work package WP4 – Spatial modelling of mineral deposits. The focus of this work package is digital modelling of selected non-energetic raw materials, which belong to the critical commodities, as defined by the European Union. For modelling these deposits, suitable mathematical procedures, based on study and re-evaluation of archived data, are needed. One of the selected deposits is a kaolin deposit near the village Jimlíkov near the city Karlovy Vary. In this paper, we show a step-by-step procedure for creation, visualization and evaluation of a 3D model of the deposit. This methodology, along with our recently developed soft ware allows a user to create a variant of this dynamic model for the same or similar types of deposits, enables rapid updating of these models when adding or changing the input data on the basis of new mining exploration or when changing modelling parameters, such as using multiple variations interpolation parameters. Our methodology leads to a more advanced deposit evaluation, including adaptive estimates of the reserves based on the usability requirements we choose.
Střednopleistocenní sesuv na svazích Drahanské vrchoviny u Viničných Šumic
Authors: Tomanová Pavla , Krejčí Oldřich , Doláková Nela , Gilíková Helena , Hladilová Šárka , Zágoršek Kamil
Published: January 2020

In 2018 an excavation of 20 × 20 m large and up to 5 m thick calcareous clays of the Langhian age was found. Rich and diversified assemblages of foraminifers with species Orbulina suturalis Brön. and Martinotiella karreri (Cush.) indicate early Badenian (in sense of the Central Paratethys regional stratigraphy) age of the sediments, zone M5b sensu Berggren et al. (1995). Variously deformed lenses and layers of fine-grained sand with several blocks of white calcareous silts and with two layers of clayey sediments with pebbles were found. The identified outcrop is part of a large landslide situated at the western margin of the Carpathian Foredeep. Samples determining the age of the landslide movements were taken from Badenian clays and from slope sediments with pebbles for study of palynomorphs. Very rich and diversified fauna was described mainly from the fine-grained sand creating layers in calcareous clays. The assemblage contained tests of foraminifers, spines of the echinoids, fragments of sponge spicules, rich fragments of molluscs and zoarias of bryozoas, worms – Ditrupa cornea (Linnaeus, 1758), Serpula sp., ?Serpulidae indet., fragments of brachiopods, arthropods, coral, ostracods, teleostei etc.The findings from the Badenian and Quaternary periods were mixed by slope movements. Large landslide in the Middle Pleistocene was the terminal gravity proces in the area of Viničné Šumice.
Diagnostic Value of Insulinoma-Associated Protein 1 (INSM1) and Comparison With Established Neuroendocrine Markers in Pulmonary Cancers
Authors: Staaf Johan , Tran Lena , Söderlund Linnea , Nodin Björn , Jirström Karin , Vidarsdottir Halla , Planck Maria , Mattsson Johanna S. M. , Botling Johan , Micke Patrick , Brunnström Hans
Published: January 2020

Context.—

The diagnostic distinction of pulmonary neuroendocrine (NE) tumors from non–small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs) is clinically relevant for prognostication and treatment. Diagnosis is based on morphology and immunohistochemical staining.

Objective.—

To determine the diagnostic value of insulinoma-associated protein 1 (INSM1), in comparison with established NE markers, in pulmonary tumors.

Design.—

Fifty-four pulmonary NE tumors and 632 NSCLCs were stained for INSM1, CD56, chromogranin A, and synaptophysin. In a subset, gene expression data were available for analysis. Also, 419 metastases to the lungs were stained for INSM1. A literature search identified 39 additional studies with data on NE markers in lung cancers from the last 15 years. Seven of these included data on INSM1.

Results.—

A positive INSM1 staining was seen in 39 of 54 NE tumors (72%) and 6 of 623 NSCLCs (1%). The corresponding numbers were 47 of 54 (87%) and 14 of 626 (2%) for CD56, 30 of 54 (56%) and 6 of 629 (1%) for chromogranin A, and 46 of 54 (85%) and 49 of 630 (8%) for synaptophysin, respectively. Analysis of literature data revealed that CD56 and INSM1 were the best markers for identification of high-grade NE pulmonary tumors when considering both sensitivity and specificity, while synaptophysin also showed good sensitivity. INSM1 gene expression was clearly associated with NE histology.

Conclusions.—

The solid data of both our and previous studies confirm the diagnostic value of INSM1 as a NE marker in pulmonary pathology. The combination of CD56 with INSM1 and/or synaptophysin should be the first-hand choice to confirm pulmonary high-grade NE tumors. INSM1 gene expression could be used to predict NE tumor histology.
A NATUREZA JURÍDICA EXTRAORDINÁRIA DO TOMBAMENTO DOS ANTIGOS QUILOMBOS
Authors: Cunha Filho Francisco Humberto , Nogueira Paulo Sérgio Freire
Published: January 2020

O artigo 216, § 5º da Constituição do Brasil determina o tombamento de documentos e sítios que contenham vestígios dos antigos Quilombos. No entanto, o cumprimento deste dispositivo está comprometido por dois motivos principais: o primeiro envolve a discussão teórica materializada na dúvida sobre o entendimento do que seja Quilombo entre uma interpretação literal advinda da arqueologia, que identifica vestígios materiais, ou da antropologia, que valoriza a transmissão dos modos de criar, fazer e viver. O segundo problema é operacional e gira em torno do Decreto-Lei nº 25/1937 (Lei Brasileira do Tombamento), que mostra graves inadequações para esse tipo específico de Tombamento. As dúvidas expostas fazem com que esse artigo, escrito a partir do método dedutivo de investigação, sobre normas, jurisprudência e doutrina, tenha por objetivo averiguar a hipótese sobre uma natureza jurídica especial do Tombamento em apreço, o que é confirmado ao cabo da investigação.
SACRIFÍCIO DE ANIMAIS EM CERIMÔNIAS RELIGIOSAS NA PAUTA DO STF: DIREITO À LIBERDADE RELIGIOSA SOBREPOSTO AO DIREITO À VIDA ANIMAL NÃO HUMANA
Authors: Braz Laura Cecília Fagundes dos Santos , Braz Helena Maria Fagundes dos Santos Mota , Silva Tagore Trajano De Almeida
Published: January 2020

O presente artigo destaca a relação entre humanos e animais não humanos, visando a discutir, indiretamente, o secular processo de coisificação animal e, diretamente, o sacrifício de animais em cerimônias religiosas de matriz africana face à regra proibitiva de crueldade contra os animais do art. 225, §1º, VII da CF/88. Nesse sentido, analisa-se o recente julgamento no Supremo Tribunal Federal – STF que culminou no reconhecimento da constitucionalidade do referido sacrifício, caracterizando-se a temática como uma das questões mais complexas e relevantes para tutela dos direitos dos animais no Brasil. Pretende-se, a partir da regra constitucional citada, abordar criticamente o julgamento do Recurso Extraordinário n. 494601 e demonstrar que o seu resultado reflete o pouco amadurecimento do STF para discutir o conflito entre o direito à liberdade religiosa e o direito à vida animal, ambos fundamentais. A metodologia utilizada envolveu a técnica de pesquisa revisão bibliográfica, consulta à legislação e doutrina especializada nacionais, e análise de precedentes judiciais provenientes do STF com temática semelhante à presente.
La huella no dialéctica de la différance en los primeros textos de Jacques Derrida
Authors: Segovia Carlos
Published: January 2020

Pese a cierta a tendencia actual, no hay un giro en Derrida, no hay un primer Derrida y un segundo Derrida si por esto se entiende que lo que él nombra como huella o como différance es otro nombre para la dialéctica.Desde la traducción al español de la tesina de Derrida, se viene defendiendo por algunos autores un Derrida antes de Derrida que no es tal.
La ciudadanía en términos de una paradoja política
Authors: Pedraza Ramos Alejandro Karin
Published: January 2020

En este trabajo se presenta una reflexión teórica para pensar la ciudadanía en términos de una paradoja. La paradoja se presenta porque, si bien la ciudadanía se sustenta sobre el reconocimiento, disfrute y garantía de derechos, el ejercicio ciudadano excede la legalidad en la medida en que denuncia la insuficiencia o injusticia de dicha legalidad y la interpela a cambiar. Para dicho fin, recuperaré la paradoja democrática desarrollada por Chantal Mouffe.  A su vez, propondré la paradoja político-policía/policial a partir de Jacques Rancière y la paradoja representación/regulación, recuperando a Etienne Balibar. El objetivo es denunciar como la noción actual de ciudadanía, apuesta por la desarticulación del sujeto político que lucha por su derecho a tener derechos.
Memorias fragmentadas de la dictadura chilena: construcción y transmisión del pasado a través de micro-narraciones cotidianas
Authors: Olivari Vargas Alicia Carolina
Published: January 2020

En este artículo se analiza la construcción de sentidos del pasado dictatorial chileno a través de micro-narraciones cotidianas. Se realiza a partir del estudio de tramas de memoria local conformadas en la vida cotidiana de un barrio de Santiago de Chile, dentro de las cuales uno de sus componentes centrales son las micro-narraciones, o lo que ha sido descrito en otros contextos como memorias fragmentadas. El objetivo de este artículo es comprenderlas como forma de memoria y analizar su rol en los procesos de transmisión intergeneracional a nivel local. Con ello, se ponen en tensión aquellos planteamientos que observan la fragmentación desde las dificultades que representa para la comunicación del pasado, en tanto forma que desafía los modos convencionales de narración. Tal como muestra la investigación etnográfica, en el contexto de un territorio cargado históricamente de conflictos, esta forma de memoria tiene especial preeminencia respecto de la constitución de referentes cotidianos que participan de procesos de identificación y arraigo en los jóvenes.
Exhumar la derrota: Fosas comunes de la Guerra Civil en la España del siglo XXI
Authors: Ferrandiz Francisco
Published: January 2020

A partir del estudio de caso de dos fosas comunes exhumadas en un pequeño pueblo con ocho años de diferencia, me abordo la transformación de las exhumaciones de la Guerra Civil (1936-1939) en España en la primera década del siglo XXI. La súbita aparición en la esfera pública de los esqueletos de civiles ejecutados por paramilitares franquistas ha suscitado acalorados debates sobre la forma de gestionar dichos restos en un estado democrático consolidado, y sobre la interpretación que debe darse a las iniciativas judiciales e institucionales que se han derivado de este proceso, a veces muy controvertidas. La peculiaridad del «modelo de subcontratación de los derechos humanos» que se sigue en España en relación con los crímenes de la Guerra Civil se sitúa en una perspectiva comparativa en el marco de los discursos y las prácticas transnacionales en materia de derechos humanos.
El acceso a la formación docente inicial en Europa: políticas e investigación
Authors: Egido Gálvez Inmaculada
Published: January 2020

In recent years, the number of European education systems that have established selection procedures prior to entry into initial teacher training institutions has continued to increase, following the recommendations of international organizations, such as the OECD and the European Union. Through a document review, this paper presents the systems of access to teacher training institutions in force in Europe and synthesizes the results of the main national and international studies that have deepened this issue. The review shows the existence of three major models of access to teacher training in Europe and point at how the attractiveness of the teaching profession in each country conditions the results of such access systems. The conclusion is that studies of international scope are essential for the analysis of this topic, since they provide variability in relation to the working conditions of teaching, such as salaries or social prestige, which cannot be captured in national studies. However, it is necessary to deepen in this issue through authentic comparative research, which allows us to advance beyond the results provided by the international large-scale educational assessments. Those comparative research would make it possible to consider the different socio-educational realities of each context to analyse and interpret concrete models of access to teacher training. Likewise, they could contribute to overcoming the simplistic messages of many of the recommendations on teacher selection policies aimed at imitating the best-performing education systems.
El derecho a la educación de los menores refugiados y solicitantes de asilo desde el enfoque basado en los derechos humanos: dificultades, finalidad e intervención educativa
Authors: Neubauer Esteban Adrián
Published: January 2020

The aim objective of this article is to understand the main barriers faced by refugees and asylum-seeking students in the academic context in the host country. It is also especially interesting to discuss about the purpose of educating to these minors. For this reason, we have reviewed different researches, which have focused on this topic. Once we identified and described the most common difficulties found by these studies, the problem will be analyzed using the Approach Based in Human Rights. In this way, it is possible to know the responsibilities of agents involved in the schooling of these minors. States, local authorities, educational centers and teachers are mainly responsible for guaranteeing the right to education of these children. The most common barriers are: the acquisition of the language of the host country, culture, school harassment, xenophobia and lack of teacher training. To solve this current situation, we will present four intervention programs to respond to their specific needs of refugees and asylum-seeking students based on international human rights legislation.
Migración forzada y procesos de violencia: Los migrantes centroamericanos en su paso por México
Authors: Castillo Guillermo
Published: January 2020

Migration of Central Americans in transit through Mexico has decades of history, however, a few years ago has taken a notorious visibility. In this article, based on the review of multiple sources and especially in reports of non-governmental organizations, it is argued that the cross-border and irregular human mobility of Central Americans who passed through the shelters and houses of the Documentation Network of the Defending Organizations of Migrants (REDODEM) in 2015 can be analyzed from the category of forced migration. The use of this category allows: 1) Address the structural causes of migration; 2) investigate the transit processes of migrants in contexts of accentuated vulnerability; 3) account for the violence suffered by migrants and the lack of respect for their human rights (in Mexico). Through the review of various studies on the subject and especially reports on the situation of Central Americans in transit through Mexico of the Documentation Network of Migrant Defender Organizations (REDODEM), the forced migration of Central Americans for a specific period of time (2015) is reported, with an emphasis on three processes: 1) the socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of Central American migrants; 2) the description of the type of crimes suffered by migrants and the spatial distribution of the places where this happens; 3) and finally a list of social actors and institutions that violated the rights of migrants. The temporal delimitation has to do with two processes: the crisis of unaccompanied Central American migrant minors (2014) and with the implementation of the Southern Border Plan one year earlier (2014). One of the contributions of the work is to realize that the processes of violence were not generalized and that they were concentrated especially in certain specific places. In addition, it realizes that these processes of violence were differentiated depending on the social actor or institution that committed the crime.
Acceso a la profesión docente en Francia: una historia de ‘Résistance’ nacional contra algunas tendencias supranacionales
Authors: Alonso-Sainz Tania , Thoilliez Bianca
Published: January 2020

INTRODUCTION. Our historical time has a certain obsession with the role of teachers: (i) because of its key role in a certain idea of the quality of education; (ii) for the supposedly necessary and unavoidable improvement of their initial education programmes; (iii) for the desired transformation of their processes of selection and induction. METHOD. We analyse the ideal teacher of the XXI century promoted by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and the European Union (EU) from their documents, as well as the paths they propose to achieve it. It is done in two phases. First, collecting all reports on teachers since 2005 (n=32) and secondly analysing 3 of them for reasons of relevance and social impact. After this, the French teacher recruitment system for the primary and secondary levels is studied in depth. The exams teachers must passed are also described. RESULTS. From the EU is presented as a normative ideal teacher the one who gives protagonist to the student, to accompany him as a mentor in the learning process and who has got a didactic competence. The ideal teacher promoted by the OECD, as it is deduced from the analysis that we have developed, is the competency based teacher capable of collaborating with other teachers, who is autonomous in his decision-making and who is well prepared in cultural diversity. France, on the other hand, far from betting on soft skills for teacher improvement maintains that, in order to have the best teachers of the 21st century, we need to evaluate their scientific, didactic and pedagogical skills in a specific field of curricular instruction as a priority goal. DISCUSSION. Undoubtedly, this is an example of resistance to the global reformist agenda that we believe can bring new discussions on the improvement of the teaching profession in Europe.
70 Years of ‘Catastrophe’: Can Israel thwart ‘Right of Return’ for Palestinian Refugees?
Authors: Rubeo Romana , Baroud Ramzy
Published: January 2020

The US is currently following a blueprint of a strategy in which it advances Israel’s “victory”, while imposing conditions of surrender on defeated Palestinians. (Pipes, 2016) One of the main targets of this new policy is Palestinian refugees, scattered in their millions across Palestine and the Middle East. But the ‘Nakba’, starting 70 years ago - and all of its dire consequences, since then - is a concept that is so deeply entrenched in the hearts and minds of most Palestinians to this day. Thus, the refugees and their insistence on their Right of Return are the main, if not the only, obstacles before the US-Israeli plot.