bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evolution des axes de recherche à l’INRA pour l’amélioration génétique du lapin de chair
Authors: GARREAU H. , BRUN J.M. , THEAU-CLEMENT M. , BOLET G.
Published: April 2020

L’évolution du contexte sanitaire, économique et social de la production de lapin de chair a conduit les chercheurs de l’INRA à étudier la sélection de nouveaux caractères pour mieux répondre aux attentes des professionnels mais également du citoyen-consommateur, en particulier dans le domaine de la santé et de la longévité des animaux. Ces études reposent principalement sur la mise en place d’expériences mais également sur l’analyse de données de sélectionneurs privés et donnent lieu, après validation, à des applications dans les schémas de sélection commerciaux. Pour réduire la mortalité des jeunes, les chercheurs privilégient l’amélioration des aptitudes maternelles: l’application d’un modèle à effets génétiques directs et maternels pour le poids au sevrage a ainsi permis d’améliorer les aptitudes maternelles pour ce caractère. Une expérience de sélection canalisante pour l’homogénéité des poids de naissance intra-portée a permis d’améliorer la survie périnatale du lapereau. L’amélioration de la longévité de la femelle en reproduction est rendue possible par la mise en œuvre des méthodes d’analyse de survie. La résistance génétique aux maladies, principalement l’entérocolite épizootique et la pasteurellose, est explorée pour réduire les pertes économiques mais également pour améliorer le bien-être des animaux et réduire les risques sanitaires liés à l’utilisation des antibiotiques. Pour améliorer l’efficacité alimentaire du jeune en engraissement et ainsi réduire les coûts alimentaires qui grèvent lourdement le revenu de l’éleveur, deux critères de sélection sont comparées: la consommation résiduelle et la vitesse de croissance en régime alimentaire rationné. Afin de diminuer l’utilisation des hormones pour l’induction de l’oestrus, de nouveaux programmes visent à étudier la variabilité génétique du comportement d’oestrus des lapines.
Le programme "Porcherie verte"
Authors: BONNEAU M.
Published: April 2020

Le programme «Porcherie verte», dont l’idée a été lancée fin 1999 par l’INRA, se proposait de fédérer l’ensemble des organismes nationaux de recherche et de recherche/développement concernés par la production porcine dans le cadre d’un projet de recherche finalisée visant à promouvoir la mise au point de systèmes de production porcine diversifiés, compétitifs, et satisfaisant un haut niveau d’exigences quant au respect de l’environnement.
Il a bénéficié d’un soutien financier total de 1 800 000 €. Il a été piloté par un Groupement d’Intérêt Scientifique (GIS) regroupant des partenaires opérateurs de la recherche/développement et des partenaires institutionnels représentant les principaux porteurs d’enjeux. Voir l'article complet sur le lien suivant.
https://www6.inrae.fr/productions-animales/content/download/3354/34133/version/1/file/Prod_Anim_2008_4_Prog.pdf
Connaissance du devenir des éléments à risques dans les différentes filières de gestion des effluents porcins
Authors: BONNEAU M. , BELINE F. , DOURMAD J.Y. , HASSOUNA M. , JONDREVILLE C. , LOYON L. , MORVAN T. , PAILLAT J.M. , RAMONET Y. , ROBIN P.
Published: April 2020

Cet article résume les apports du programme «Porcherie verte» dans la connaissance et la maîtrise du devenir de l’azote, du phosphore et des éléments traces métalliques qui ont, à des titres divers, un impact sur l’environnement.
La diminution de la teneur en protéines de l’aliment permet de réduire fortement les quantités d’azote excrétées par les animaux. Une part importante de l’azote est éliminée sous forme gazeuse lorsque les animaux sont placés sur litière ou lorsque le lisier est composté. L’importance de ces pertes d’azote peut cependant varier fortement selon les techniques utilisées et la nature des substrats. Le traitement biologique abat la majeure partie de l’azote et certains types de stations permettent de capter le reste dans des coproduits potentiellement exportables. La bonne valorisation agronomique des effluents nécessite de bien connaître leur valeur fertilisante azotée, ce que facilite l’approche typologique mise au point dans le cadre du programme.
Un certain nombre de leviers alimentaires permettent de diminuer la fraction du phosphore alimentaire qui est excrétée dans les effluents : ajustement des apports alimentaires grâce à une meilleure connaissance des besoins des animaux, amélioration de la digestibilité du phosphore alimentaire par une meilleure connaissance de sa disponibilité dans les diverses matières premières ou via l’adjonction de phytase exogène. Les traitements biologiques avec séparation de phases permettent de capter le phosphore dans des coproduits potentiellement exportables et la valeur fertilisante phosphatée des effluents est en général très élevée et facile à prédire.
DIREITO AO TERRITÓRIO ANCESTRAL E A PROTEÇÃO DOS POVOS INDÍGENAS
Authors: Albuquerque Evelyn , Ribeiro Volpini Silva Carla
Published: April 2020

O presente artigo objetiva analisar o Caso Xucuru, que foi o primeiro caso de condenação contra o Brasil por violação de direitos indígenas, julgado pela Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos. Buscou apresentar os antecedentes históricos desse povo, que motivaram a denúncia à Comissão Interamericana de Direitos Humanos, especialmente a luta pela desintrusão dos territórios expropriadas. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida sob a metodologia teórico-bibliográfica e documental e ao final, concluiu-se que, apesar das normas brasileiras garantirem os direitos dos povos indígenas, o Brasil tem se mostrado ineficiente e omisso na questão do território do povo Xucuru o que acarreta a violação de diversos outros direitos.
PATRIMÔNIO CULTURAL DO BRASIL
Authors: Monteiro Pedro Juliana , Souza da Costa Célia , Munhoz Caleiro Manuel
Published: April 2020

O Marabaixo é uma manifestação cultural dançante que faz parte da história do Estado do Amapá desde a colonização. É caracterizada pelo viés da resistência, apesar de todos os episódios de desgastes com a sociedade hegemônica. Em 2018, foi reconhecido pelo Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (IPHAN) como Patrimônio Cultural do Brasil, o que conferiu oficialidade à cultura que foi por muito tempo considerada inferior por ser realizada por classe “subalterna”. Esse movimento busca também reduzir o preconceito e discriminação étnica em relação aos negros. Diante disso, o objetivo do trabalho é descrever como se deu o processo de resistência e (re)existência da cultura do Marabaixo no Estado do Amapá, praticado pelos afrodescendentes, que culminou nos movimentos sociais para o reconhecimento jurídico-institucional. A pesquisa utilizou o método fenomenológico de abordagem qualitativa, de cunho descritivo e explicativo, mediante o levantamento de referências bibliográficas e documental. O estudo aponta que o reconhecimento do Marabaixo como Patrimônio Cultural do Brasil é uma luta engendrada pelos movimentos sociais marabaxeiros, uma forma de resistência e (re)existência do bem cultural dos afrodescendentes.
ANÁLISE JURÍDICA DA LEGALIDADE DE ATRIBUIÇÃO DE NATUREZA SALARIAL A RENDIMENTOS OBTIDOS A TÍTULO DE DIREITO DE IMAGEM POR PESSOAS JURÍDICAS CONSTITUÍDAS POR ATLETAS PROFISSIONAIS
Authors: Nunes Danilo Henrique , Borges Silva Juvêncio , Morato Pereira Fernanda
Published: April 2020

O presente artigo tem como finalidade analisar o direito de imagem dos atletas profissionais e de como são elaborados os contratos, explicitando neles uma proteção para não prejudicar os atletas de futuros danos, demonstrando como declaram um imposto menor em cima desse direito, firmado em contratos profissionais. A diferença dos impostos de pessoas jurídicas e pessoas físicas e a estratégia de pagamento de cada um deles, fazendo com que os atletas profissionais fiquem reféns de seus clubes (pessoa jurídica), são os objetivos do trabalho. O que se pretende, ainda, a partir dos métodos hipotético-dedutivo e de revisão de literatura, é demonstrar como são elaborados estes contratos e quais as formas para burlar o sistema jurídico brasileiro, desviando importantes recursos do Estado, através de alguns salários exorbitantes declarados neles. Assim, o trabalho explica o processo da fiscalização tributária, sejam eles tributos ativos e passivos e, por fim, explica o entendimento jurisprudencial nos casos de fraudes contratuais firmados entre clubes e atleta profissional no momento da sua contratação.
ARGUMENTS OF DIGNITY AND PLURALISM CONCERNS IN RECENT CONSTITUTIONAL COURT ADJUDICATION
Authors: Sperti Angioletta
Published: April 2020

The paper aims at discussing the growing importance of dignity discourse in human rights case law, in particular in recent constitutional and supreme courts cases on controversial rights. Starting from same-sex marriage rulings (as illustrative of a more general trend) the paper argues that dignity cannot be considered a mere “rhetorical tool” of courts, useful to tilt the balance in favour of one of the conflicting rights.  On the contrary, dignity - with its wide and flexible meaning - marks the transition of new (or newly recognized) groups to social inclusion and provides a convenient language to mediate among conflicting claims of recognition without relying on more traditional equality arguments.
A Quantitative Comparisons of $\beta$-Coronavirus Genomes and Their Associated Genes
Authors: Hassan Sk Sarif , Rout Ranjeet Kumar
Published: April 2020

A precise understanding of the genes and associated genomes of SARS-CoV2 is important for various reasons such as discovering origin of the virus and virulence and so on. A thorough descriptive understanding of the SARS-CoV2 genomes and other coronavirus of the beta-coronavirus genus is primarily important. In this article, a set of ten genomes of four CoVs and their associated genes are considered for this present study. A spatial representations of nucleotide bases including purine-pyrimidine representations of the different genes of the corresponding genomes are quantified using Hurst exponent, Shannon entropy and density estimation of different nucleotides including GC content, in order to draw a comparison and contrast among the ten genomes of different types of CoVs which include MERS, SARS-CoV, HKU1 (Human Coronavirus) and associated their genes.
Mechanisms of Bone Tunnel Enlargement Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Yue Li , DeFroda Steven F. , Sullivan Kayleigh , Garcia Dioscaris , Owens Brett D.
Published: April 2020

» Although anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R) yields generally favorable results, bone tunnel enlargement (BTE) commonly has been reported after ACL-R.

» While the exact clinical ramifications of tibial widening on functional outcomes are variable, it is thought that widening may potentially play a role in late failure following ACL-R.

» The prevalence of tunnel enlargement is related particularly to hamstring autografts, with some authors reporting rates ranging from 25% to 100% in femoral tunnels and 29% to 100% in tibial tunnels after ACL-R.

» BTE is difficult to manage, particularly in the setting of revision ACL-R. The mechanisms underlying BTE after ACL-R are associated with a complex interplay between biological and mechanical factors.
Triceps Tendon Ruptures
Authors: Gaviria Manuela , Ren Beth , Brown Symone M. , McCluskey Leland C. , Savoie Felix H. , Mulcahey Mary K.
Published: April 2020

» Triceps tendon ruptures (TTRs) are rare and often occur as a result of falling on an outstretched hand, forceful eccentric contraction, direct trauma to the elbow, or lifting against resistance.

» TTRs are most commonly seen in middle-aged men, football players, and weightlifters.

» Radiography, ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance imaging may be utilized for diagnosis and to guide treatment.

» Acute partial TTRs may have good outcomes with nonoperative management. Surgery should be considered if nonoperative treatment is unsuccessful or if substantial musculotendinous retraction is present.

» Surgical repair is strongly recommended for complete TTRs.
Tibial Slope and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Outcomes
Authors: Lin Lawrence J. , Akpinar Berkcan , Meislin Robert J.
Published: April 2020

» The tibial slope represents an important risk factor for both primary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and subsequent reconstruction failure.

» A high tibial slope has been associated with increased anterior tibial translation, increased strain on the ACL, and increased posteromedial compartment contact pressure.

» Patients with ACL-deficient knees who also have coronal tibiofemoral malalignment may potentially benefit from concomitant high tibial osteotomy and ACL reconstruction.

» Understanding the impact of the tibial slope on ACL reconstruction outcomes and the treatment options with regard to coronal tibiofemoral alignment allows for the appropriate care of patients with both morbidities.
Cartografiando el movimiento de justicia ambiental a escala regional: el mapa digital colaborativo de los conflictos del agua en Andalucía
Authors: Del Moral Ituarte Leandro , Laconi Cesare , Pedregal Belén
Published: April 2020

Apoyándose en experiencias anteriores desarrolladas a diferentes escalas, este artículo propone la investigación colaborativa entre académicos y sociedad en general como el enfoque necesario para entender en profundidad los conflictos ambientales en una perspectiva regional. Con este objetivo, el artículo presenta, en primer lugar, la metodología y el proceso de construcción del Mapa colaborativo de los conflictos del agua en Andalucía (Mapa-RedNCA) y describe su diseño y desarrollo incardinado en organizaciones sociales preexistentes; en segundo lugar, presenta sus resultados iniciales y valora sus potencialidades como herramienta útil para académicos y organizaciones comprometidas con la justicia ambiental. El artículo finaliza argumentando que el Mapa-RedNCA puede contribuir a mejorar el conocimiento sobre los conflictos ecológicos distributivos, transcendiendo los estudios de casos individuales, ofreciendo una visión sistemática y apoyada empíricamente sobre las tipologías de los conflictos y actores involucrados, las formas de movilización, los aspectos relacionados con información y participación, y la dimensión cultural y patrimonial  que caracterizan las luchas por la justicia ambiental a escala local y regional.
Erupción dentaria: bases moleculares. Un artículo de revisión
Authors: De la Cruz Sedano Gabriela Silvia , Ventura Flores Abigail Katherine , Jara Porroa Jackeline Jackeline , Perona-Miguel de Priego Guido Alberto
Published: April 2020

La erupción dental es un proceso dinámico que se inicia cuando se forma el germen dentario en su cripta de desarrollo hasta que el diente hace su aparición en boca. El folículo dental tiene un papel importante en la formación coronal y radicular del diente, y es esencial para la erupción dentaria. Para que un diente entre en erupción es necesario que exista resorción del hueso alveolar que cubre la corona del diente, de modo que se forme un camino a través del cual el diente se moverá. Para esto, se producen una serie de procesos moleculares y celulares localizados y programados genéticamente que permiten la osteogénesis y la osteoclastogénesis del hueso alveolar a fin de formar la vía de erupción. El objetivo de esta revisión es dar a conocer los posibles eventos celulares y moleculares que influyen en el proceso de erupción dentaria, ya que el mecanismo exacto aún es desconocido.
Reparación de perforación de furca con Biodentine y seguimiento de 14 meses
Authors: Calero Hinostroza Gisella Gaby , Gallardo Gutiérrez César , García Rupaya Carmen Rosa
Published: April 2020

Durante el tratamiento del conducto se pueden producir complicaciones como las perforaciones a diferentes niveles, y la más común es la de furca, asociada con la apertura cameral. No obstante, en la actualidad, los cementos bio cerámicos permiten obtener un mejor pronóstico. Se presenta el caso de un primer molar inferior derecho con perforación de furca, el cual fue sellado con Biodentine®.
Genome-wide association mapping of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum resistance in soybean using whole-genome resequencing data
Authors: Boudhrioua Chiheb , Bastien Maxime , Torkamaneh Davoud , Belzile François
Published: April 2020

Background: Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR), caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, is an important cause of yield loss in soybean. Although many papers have reported different loci contributing to partial resistance, few of these were proved to reproduce the same phenotypic impact in different populations. Results: In this study, we identified a major quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with resistance to SSR progression on the main stem by using a genome-wide association mapping (GWAM). A population of 127 soybean accessions was genotyped with 1.5M SNPs derived from genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) ensuring an extensive genome coverage and phenotyped for SSR resistance. SNP-trait association led to discovery of a new QTL on chromosome 1 (Chr01) where resistant lines had shorter lesions on the stem by 29 mm . A single gene (Glyma.01g048000) resided in the same LD block as the peak SNP, but it is of unknown function. The impact of this QTL was even more significant in the descendants of a cross between two lines carrying contrasted alleles for Chr01. Individuals carrying the resistance allele developed lesions almost 50% shorter than those bearing the sensitivity allele. Conclusion: These results suggest that the new region on chromosome 1 harbors a promising resistance QTL to SSR that can be used in soybean breeding program.
Involvement of the IP3R-Grp75-VDAC1-MCU calcium axis in proteinuria in adriamycin-induced nephropathy rats
Authors: Wang Si-Si , Xu Han , Guan Na , Wei Qi-Jiao , Tao Ying-Hong , Yang Guo-Sheng , Ren Ya-Li
Published: April 2020

Background: Podocyte injury plays a key role in the development of proteinuria. We previously found that the intracellular inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R)- glucose-regulated protein 75 (Grp75)- voltage dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1)- mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) calcium axis contributes to podocyte injury in cultured mouse podocytes. This study investigated whether the IP3R-Grp75-VDAC1-MCU calcium axis is involved in the development and improvement of proteinuria in nephropathy rats. Methods: The expression of members of the IP3R-Grp75-VDAC1-MCU calcium axis in the renal cortex of a previously established adriamycin (ADR)-induced nephropathy rat model and cultured mouse podocytes was investigated by western blot analysis and immunohistochemical staining. The effects of ruthenium red (RR), an MCU inhibitor, on interactions in the IP3R-Grp75-VDAC1-MCU calcium axis were investigated by in vitro co-immunoprecipitation assays. Results: In adriamycin induced nephropathy rat, the expression of members of the glomerular IP3R-Grp75-VDAC1-MCU calcium axis increased significantly compared with the normal control rats. RR inhibited the upregulation of members of the IP3R-Grp75-VDAC1-MCU calcium axis induced by ADR and their interactions. Conclusion: The IP3R-Grp75-VDAC1-MCU calcium axis is involved in proteinuria in ADR-induced nephropathy and can be inhibited by RR.
Content Development for a Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour e-Learning Module for Early Childhood Education Students: A Delphi Study
Authors: Bruijns Brianne , Johnson Andrew M. , Tucker Trish
Published: April 2020

Background: Early childhood educators play a prominent role in promoting healthy activity behaviours in childcare. However, they have expressed that they lack the appropriate pre-service training to confidently lead physical activity (PA), and minimize sedentary behaviour (SB), in childcare. As such, the purpose of this Delphi study was to generate and reach agreement on content areas for inclusion in a PA and SB e-Learning module for Early Childhood Education (ECE) students.Methods: Purposeful sampling of Canadian/international researchers was used to form two expert panels: a PA/SB expert panel (n = 26), and a Canadian ECE panel. The PA/SB experts suggested their top 12 PA/SB topics for the module via online survey. These topics were then pooled to generate a list of 19 content areas. In a second online survey, both panels of experts rated the importance of each content area (0 = unimportant to 5 = very important). Mean ratings (M) were ranked separately for each panel, and then ratings were pooled to create an overall ranking of the 19 content areas. Inter-panel agreement of importance rankings was visually represented as a scatterplot and quantified using Spearman’s rho (rs).Results: The top-rated content area was Outdoor Play (M = 4.77 ± .64), followed by Benefits of PA in the Early Years (M = 4.75 ± .66), and Factors Influencing PA and SB in Childcare (M = 4.71 ± .74). Monitor PA and Sedentary Time Within Your Classroom had the lowest combined score (M = 3.77 ± 1.44). There was moderate-to strong inter-panel agreement for content area importance rankings (rs = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.20 to 0.83). The majority of the ECE expert panel considered this training important for ECE students (94.3%), aligning with ECE curriculum objectives (91.4%) and accreditation standards (78.8%), and complementary to the present ECE curriculum (88.6%).Conclusions: Providing PA and SB training to ECE students is a proactive way to ensure healthy movement behaviours are prioritized in childcare programming. With the PA/SB expert-developed content areas, and endorsement by the ECE expert panel, implementing this training within ECE programs is a necessary next step.
Patients with pheochromocytoma exhibit low aldosterone renin ratio-preliminary reports
Authors: Yamada Tomoko , Fukuoka Hidenori , Hosokawa Yusei , Odake Yukiko , Yoshida Kenichi , Matsumoto Ryusaku , Bando Hironori , Okada Yuko , Hirota Yushi , Iguchi Genzo , Ogawa Wataru , Takahashi Yutaka
Published: April 2020

Background Plasma renin activity (PRA) is generally increased in patients with pheochromocytoma (PCC) due to low circulating plasma volume and activation of β-1 adrenergic receptor signaling. However, there has been no study on the aldosterone renin ratio (ARR) in patients with PCC. To elucidate the issue, this study aimed to determine the PRA, plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC), and ARR in patients with PCC and compare them with those in patients with subclinical Cushing’s syndrome (SCS) and non-functioning adrenal adenoma (NFA).Methods In this retrospective single-center, cross-sectional study, 67 consecutive patients with adrenal tumors (PCC (n =18), SCS (n =18), and NFA (n =31)) diagnosed at Kobe University Hospital between 2008 and 2014 were enrolled.Results PRA was significantly higher in patients with PCC than in those with SCS and NFA (2.1 (1.3~2.8) vs. 0.7 (0.5~1.8) and 0.9 (0.6~1.4) ng/mL/h; p =0.018 and p =0.025). Although PACs were comparable among the three groups, ARR was significantly lower in patients with PCC than in those with SCS and NFA (70.5 (45.5~79.5) vs. 156.0 (92.9~194.5) and 114.9 (90.1~153.4); p =0.001 and p <0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that, in differentiating PCC from NFA, PRA >1.55 ng/mL/h showed a sensitivity of 70.0% and specificity of 80.6%. Interestingly, ARR <95.4 showed a sensitivity of 83.3% and specificity of 86.7%, which were higher than those in PRA.Conclusions ARR decreased in patients with PCC, which was a more sensitive marker than PRA. Further study is necessary to understand the usefulness of this convenient marker in the detection of PCC. Trial registrationThis study was not registered because of the retrospective analysis.
Impact of 3D genome organization, guided by cohesin and CTCF looping, on sex-biased chromatin interactions and gene expression in mouse liver
Authors: Matthews Bryan J , Waxman David J
Published: April 2020

Several thousand sex-differential distal enhancers have been identified in mouse liver; however, their links to sex-biased genes and the impact of any sex-differences in nuclear organization and chromatin interactions are unknown. To address these issues, we first characterized 1,847 mouse liver genomic regions showing significant sex differential occupancy by cohesin and CTCF, two key 3D nuclear organizing factors. These sex-differential binding sites were primarily distal to sex-biased genes but rarely generated sex-differential TAD (topologically associating domain) or intra-TAD loop anchors, and were sometimes found in TADs without sex-biased genes. A substantial subset of sex-biased cohesin-non-CTCF binding sites, but not sex-biased cohesin-and-CTCF binding sites, overlapped sex-biased enhancers. Cohesin depletion reduced the expression of male-biased genes with distal, but not proximal, sex-biased enhancers by >10-fold, implicating cohesin in long-range enhancer interactions regulating sex-biased genes. Using circularized chromosome conformation capture-based sequencing (4C-seq), we showed that sex differences in distal sex-biased enhancer - promoter interactions are common. Intra-TAD loops with sex-independent cohesin-and-CTCF anchors conferred sex specificity to chromatin interactions indirectly, by insulating sex-biased enhancer - promoter contacts and by bringing sex-biased genes into closer proximity to sex-biased enhancers. Furthermore, sex-differential chromatin interactions involving sex-biased gene promoters, enhancers, and lncRNAs were associated with sex-biased binding of cohesin and/or CTCF. These studies elucidate how 3D genome organization impacts sex-biased gene expression in a non-reproductive tissue through both direct and indirect effects of cohesin and CTCF looping on distal enhancer interactions with sex-differentially expressed genes.
Identification of Nucleus Sterility Candidate Genes using a Resequencing Technique in Sweet Pepper Sterile Line AB91
Authors: Meng Yaning , Yan Libin , Zhang Hongxiao , Fan Yanqin
Published: April 2020

Background : Breeding hybrids with nuclear malesterile lines is an important method for the cross breeding of sweet peppers. To date, few reports have been published on the nuclear malesterility gene of sweet pepper.Yet, there are approximately 20 pepper nuclear malesterility lines in the world. Results: Using the self-developed testing material, sweet pepper nuclear malesterile dual-purpose line AB91, the genome-wide resequencing technique was applied to firstly find that the mutation site causing the abortion of sweet pepper nuclear malesterility AB91 is on chromosome #5. The mutation gene Capana05g000747 was filtered out and validated by the flight mass spectrometry genotyping and quantitative real-time PCR method and determined to be the gene causing the abortion of sweet pepper nuclear male sterility AB91.The gene Capana05g000747 mutation site is a non-synonymous mutation site located at the 6th exon,the base C mutated into A, and the amino acid changed from alanine to serine. The three-dimensional protein structure of fertile and sterile plant Capana05g000747 was predicted. The results showed that the three-dimensional structure of the two proteins was differed significantly. Sequence alignment analysis showed that the gene Capana05g000747 has a similar function to gene At2g02148. The gene At2g02148 contains a pentatricopeptide repeatprotein which has important physiological functions in the gene expression process of organelles and is closely related to the performance of malesterility genes. Conclusions : This study revealed that Capana05g000747 was selected as an important candidate gene for sweet pepper nuclear male sterile testingmaterial AB91.This gene provides a theoretical and technical foundation for further cloning as well as transformation and utilization of the gene.
Subcellular localization of fibroblast growth factor receptor type 2 and correlation with CTNNB1 genotype in adrenocortical carcinoma
Authors: Haase Matthias , Thiel Anne , Scholl Ute I. , Ashmawy Hany , Schott Matthias , Ehlers Margret
Published: April 2020

Objective: Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) 2 regulates the development of the adrenal gland in mice. In addition, FGFR2-mediated signalling has been shown to prevent apoptosis and to enhance proliferation in adrenocortical precursor cells. The activation of the Wingless/Int-1 (WNT) / beta catenin pathway as a key mechanism of adrenocortical tumourigenesis has been linked to FGFR2 signalling in other cell types. Therefore we hypothesised that FGFR2 expression may also play a role in adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). We conducted a pilot study and analysed protein expression of FGFR2 in 26 ACCs using immunohistochemistry technique. Data on the CTNNB1 mutation status and clinical data were correlated to the expression of FGFR2. Results: We observed a high variability in FGFR2 expression between the different tumour samples. There was a subset of ACC with comparatively high nuclear expression of FGFR2. We did not find a clear association between the CTNNB1 mutational status or clinical features and the FGFR2 expression. We conclude that FGFR signalling plays a role in adrenocortical carcinoma. Our data encourages further investigations of FGFR signalling in ACC, especially since new inhibitors of FGFR signalling are already entering clinical trials for the treatment of other cancer types.
Opportunities for the development of drowning interventions in West Bengal, India: A review of policy and government programs
Authors: Gupta Medhavi , Zwi Anthony B , Jagnoor Jagnoor
Published: April 2020

Background: Four million people living in the Indian Sundarbans region in the state of West Bengal face a particularly high risk of drowning due to rurality, presence of open water, lack of accessible health systems and poor infrastructure. Although the World Health Organization has identified several interventions that may prevent drowning in rural low-and middle-income country contexts, no drowning interventions are currently implemented in this region. This study aims to conduct contextual policy analysis for the development of a drowning program. Implementation of a drowning program should consider leveraging existing structures and resources, as interventions that build on existing policy targets or government programs are more likely to be sustainable and scalable.Methods: A detailed content review of national and state policy (West Bengal) was conducted to identify policy principles and/or specific government programs that may be leveraged for drowning interventions. The enablers and barriers of these programs as well as their implementation reach were assessed through a systematic literature review. Identified policies and programs were also assessed to understand how they catered for underserved groups and their implications for equity.Results: Three programs were identified that may be leveraged for the implementation of drowning interventions such as supervised childcare, provision of home-based barriers, swim and rescue skills training and community first responder training: the Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS), Self-Help Group (SHG) and Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) programs. All three had high coverage in West Bengal and considered underserved groups such as women and rural populations. Possible barriers to using these programs were poor government monitoring and resource provision and overburdening of community-based workers. Conclusions: This is the first systematic analysis of both policy content and execution of government programs to provide comprehensive insights into possible implementation strategies for a health intervention, in this case drowning. Programs targeting specific health outcomes should consider interventions outside of the health sector that address social determinants of health. This may enable the program to better align with relevant government agendas and increase sustainability.
Prevalence of positive TST among Healthcare workers in a high-burden TB setting in Peru
Authors: Sedamano Juana , Schwalb Alvaro , Cachay Rodrigo , Zamudio Carlos , Ugarte-Gil Cesar , Soto-Cabezas Gabriela , Munayco César V. , Seas Carlos
Published: April 2020

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) transmission has long been recognized as an important occupational hazard for healthcare workers (HCWs). HCWs have a 5.8% annual risk of exposure and three times greater risk of developing active TB than the general population.Methods: We conducted an observational cross-sectional study between September 2014 and March 2015 among HCWs in a high-burden TB setting in Lima to estimate the prevalence of positive Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) and to investigate factors associated with a positive TST.Results: 240 participants were included in the analysis; TST was administered to 190 (79.2%) while the rest were exempt due to a previous positive TST result, history of TB, or test refusal. A positive TST result was found among 56.2% of participants to whom the TST was applied (95% CI: 49.22% - 63.55%). When considering those who had a previous positive TST result and those with a history of TB, the prevalence of a positive TST result was 64.3% (95% CI: 57.8% - 70.3%). No significant differences were observed between clinical/paramedical and administrative staff in the health center. The use of N95 masks during work hours was reported by 142 (69.9%) participants. Prevalence ratios (PR) show that workers with more than 120 months as a HCW were 1.44 times more likely to be TST positive. The multivariate analysis found that HCWs with over 10 years of service were 1.52 times more likely to be TST positive.Conclusion: This study supports previous reports that TB infection is an occupational hazard for HCWs. Prevention of TB transmission through control measures, as well as timely diagnosis of LTBI in this particular high-risk group, is critical for individual and public health.
Neutrophil: lymphocyte ratio is positively associated with subclinical diabetic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Huang Xiaoli , Qin Zihan , Xu Min , Zhang Feifei , Jiang Xiaohong , Hua Fei , Tao Lichan
Published: April 2020

Background: Subclinical diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) occurs frequently in asymptomatic subjects with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Previous studies have shown a direct relationship between the immune system and DCM using reliable biomarkers.Methods: 507 subjects with T2DM were recruited from April 2018 to October 2019 and divided into T2DM with cardiac dysfunction (DCM) group and T2DM without cardiac dysfunction (non-DCM) group. Adjusted logistic regression models were used to evaluate relationship between the quartiles of Neutrophil: lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and subclinical DCM (covariates: age, sex, BMI, duration of diabetes, and hyperlipidemia). Results: Blood NLR was significantly upregulated in DCM group compared to non-DCM group (P = 0.05). Then the adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) of the highest NLR quartile was 14.32 (2.92-70.31) compared to the lowest quartile of NLR after multiple adjusted (P < 0.001). However, neutrophil and lymphocyte counts did not significantly relate to the incidence of DCM in T2DM patients. Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that NLR was related to the incidence of subclinical DCM, suggesting that NLR may be an efficient and accurate prognostic biomarker for DCM. Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR1900027080). Registered 30 October 2019. Retrospectively registered: www.medresman.org
Development of a standardized method to evaluate the protective efficiency of cosmetic packaging against microbial contamination
Authors: Catovic Chloe , Martin Sylvia , Desaint Sephane , Borges Christine , Lesouhaitier Helene , Roullet Florence , Bresciani Nadine , Jouault Anne-Marie , Poulet Valerie , Luc Joelle , Joulia Valérie , Jupin Alain , Masson Christophe , Crozier Alain , Feuilloley Marc G.J.
Published: April 2020

Doubts surrounding the potential adverse effects of antimicrobial preservatives have modified the demand of consumers, who increasingly insist on the production of low-level and even preservative-free cosmetics. Protection of the product against microbial contamination is therefore focused on the packaging. This has prompted the emergence of a highly diverse array of so-called “protective”, “overprotective”, and “barrier” packaging. However, these designations are not normalized and the choice of the right packaging adapted to each cosmetic product is still essentially empirical, hazardous, and time consuming. The Cosmetic Valleys cluster has launched a commission to define a complete and experimentally-validated method to classify the level of protection of cosmetic packaging against microbial contamination. As reported herein, this required the development a specific bacteriostatic medium that can be used for seven days and an in vitro procedure that reproduces in-use contamination and consumer practices. Based on tests performed on over 800 packages of different origin and performance characteristics, we propose a classification, divided into six grades, to differentiate the protective efficiency of cosmetic packaging. This work can be considered as a first step towards a regulatory text.
Effect of exercise training on body temperature in the elderly: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Matsumura Koichiro , Iwasaka Toshiji , Mizuno Satoshi , Mizuno Ikuko , Hayanami Hikaru , Sawada Kiyoshi , Iwasaka Junji , Takeuchi Kotaro , Suga Toshimitsu , Sugiura Tetsuro , Shiojima Icihro
Published: April 2020

Background
Although rise in body temperature in the elderly has clinical benefits such as activating immune system, little is known regarding the mediator related to the elevation of body temperature. This study evaluated the effect of exercise training on body temperature and clarified the relationship between body temperature and body composition in the elderly.
Methods
In this retrospective cohort study, a total of 91 elderly participants performed aerobic and anaerobic exercise training twice a week for 2-year. Non-contact infrared thermometer and bioelectrical impedance analysis were performed at baseline and at 2-year. The participants were divided into 2 groups by baseline body temperature of 36.3℃; lower body temperature group (n = 67) and normal body temperature group (n = 24).
Results
Body temperature rose significantly after exercise training (36.04 ± 0.01 °C to 36.30 ± 0.02 °C, p < 0.0001) in the lower body temperature group, whereas there was no significant difference (36.35 ± 0.02 °C to 36.36 ± 0.03 °C, p = 0.39) in the normal body temperature group. A positive correlation was observed between the amount of change in body temperature and baseline body temperature (r = -0.68, p < 0.0001). Increase in skeletal muscle mass was an independent variable related to the rise in body temperature by the multivariate logistic regression analysis (odds ratio: 4.77, 95% confidence interval: 1.29–17.70, p = 0.02).
Conclusions
Exercise training raised body temperature in the elderly, especially those with lower baseline body temperature.
A multi-center diagnostic accuracy study on nine Prehospital Stroke Screening Scales
Authors: Saberian Peyman , Rafiemanesh Hosein , Heydari Farhad , Mirbaha Sahar , Karimi Somayeh , Baratloo Alireza
Published: April 2020

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Advanced oxidation processes for the removal of cyanobacterial toxins from drinking water
Authors: Schneider Marcel , Bláha Luděk
Published: April 2020

Drinking water production faces many different challenges with one of them being naturally produced cyanobacterial toxins. Since pollutants become more abundant and persistent today, conventional water treatment is often no longer sufficient to provide adequate removal. Amongst other emerging technologies, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have a great potential to appropriately tackle this issue. This review addresses the economic and health risks posed by cyanotoxins and discusses their removal from drinking water by AOPs. The current state of knowledge on AOPs and their application for cyanotoxin degradation is synthesized to provide an overview on available techniques and effects of water quality, toxin- and technique-specific parameters on their degradation efficacy. The different AOPs are compared based on their efficiency and applicability, considering economic, practical and environmental aspects and their potential to generate toxic disinfection byproducts. For future research, more relevant studies to include the degradation of less explored cyanotoxins, toxin mixtures in actual surface water, assessment of residual toxicity and scale-up are recommended. Since actual surface water most likely contains more than just cyanotoxins, a multi-barrier approach consisting of a series of different physical, biological and chemical – especially oxidative – treatment steps is inevitable to ensure safe and high quality drinking water.
Functional analyses of chitinolytic enzymes in the formation of calcite prisms in Pinctada fucata.
Authors: Kintsu Hiroyuki , Pérez-Huerta Alberto , Ohtsuka Shigeru , Okumura Taiga , Ifuku Shinsuke , Nagata Koji , Kogure Toshihiro , Suzuki Michio
Published: April 2020

Background
The mollusk shells present distinctive microstructures that are formed by small amounts of organic matrices controlling the crystal growth of calcium carbonate. These microstructures show superior mechanical properties such as strength or flexibility. The shell of Pinctada fucata has the prismatic layer consisting of prisms of single calcite crystals. These crystals contain small angle grain boundaries caused by a dense intracrystalline organic matrix network to improve mechanical strength. Previously, we identified chitin and chitinolytic enzymes as components of this intracrystalline organic matrix. In this study, we analyzed the function of those organic matrices in calcium carbonate crystallization by in vitro and in vivo experiments.
Results
We analyzed calcites synthesized in chitin gel with or without chitinolytic enzymes by using transmission electron microscope (TEM) and atom probe tomography (APT). TEM observations showed that grain boundary was more induced as concentration of chitinolytic enzymes increased and thus, chitin became thinner. In an optimal concentration of chitinolytic enzymes, small angle grain boundaries were observed. APT analysis showed that ion clusters derived from chitin were detected. In order to clarify the importance of chitinolytic enzymes on the formation of the prismatic layer in vivo, we performed the experiment in which chitinase inhibitor was injected into a living Pinctada fucata and then analyzed the change of mechanical properties of the prismatic layer. The hardness and elastic modulus increased after injection of chitinase inhibitor. Electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD) mapping data showed that the spread of crystal orientations in whole single crystal also increased by the effect of inhibitor injections.
Conclusion
Our results suggested that chitinolytic enzymes may function cooperatively with chitin to regulate the crystal growth and mechanical properties of the prismatic layer, and chitinolytic enzymes are essential for the formation of the normal prismatic layer of P. fucata.
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Alcohol Use Disorders and Its determinants in People Living with HIV in Africa: A Continent based Review and Meta-analysis study.
Authors: Necho Mogesie , Belete Asmare , Getachew Yibeltal
Published: April 2020

Background
Alcohol use disorder among people living with HIV/AIDS contributes to decreased adherence and effectiveness of antiretroviral medication, decreased help-seeking to HIV/AIDS care and treatment, increased load of the virus in the blood, and development of drug-resistant HIV strains. This study therefore aimed and assessed the pooled evidence on prevalence and associated factors of alcohol use disorder in retroviral infected patients in Africa.
Methods
We implemented our electronic data base search on PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and Psych-INFO libraries. In addition, WHO websites and Google scholar were also investigated for grey literatures. Moreover, we further investigated the reference lists of published articles. Stata-11meta-prop package with 95% confidence interval was used. Subgroup and sensitivity analysis were also performed. Cochran's Q- and the I2 test were used to check heterogeneity. Publication bias was evaluated with Egger's test and funnel plots.
Results
In this meta-analysis, we included 22 studies with a total of 16774 patients and the pooled prevalence of alcohol use disorder was 22.03%( 95% CI: 17.18, 28.67). The average prevalence of AUD in South Africa (28.77%) was higher than in Uganda (16.61%) and Nigeria (22.8%). Besides, the average prevalence of AUD in studies published before 2011, 2011–2015, and after 2015 was found to be 13.47%, 24.93% and 22.88% respectively. Moreover, the pooled magnitude of AUD among studies which utilized a sample size > 450 was 16.71% whereas it was 26.46% among studies that utilized sample size < 450. Furthermore, the pooled estimated prevalence of hazardous, harmful and dependent drinking was 10.87%, 8.1%, and 3.12% respectively. Being male was an associated factor for alcohol use disorder (AOR = 5.5%; 95% CI: 1.10, 9.98). Moreover, the average odds ratio of cigarette smoking and chat chewing were found to be 3.95% (95% CI: 3.00, 4.89) and 3.34% (95% CI: 1.71, 4.96) respectively.
Conclusion
The average estimated prevalence of AUD in HIV/AIDs patients was high and factors such as being Male, cigarette smoking and chat chewing were associated with it. Early detection and appropriate management of AUD and the mentioned associated factors have to be a routine practice.
Readmission Risk Factors in Patients after myocardial infarction using the minimum data set
Authors: Abooali Sara , Aslani Azam , Bayati Mohsen
Published: April 2020

Background

- Readmission is important not only as a representation factor of quality, but also because of its high cost and taking up an inconsistent share of hospital care costs. The purpose of this study was to determine the affecting factors of readmission of patients after myocardial infarction using the minimum data set.
Methods

- This is a descriptive cross-sectional and retrospective study. The research environment was hospitals affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. A total of 320 hospitalized patient files with myocardial infarction with the code I21, admitted between April 2011 and October 2019 were reviewed. After comprehensive review of the literature and sources, 55 criteria were extracted and two expert panel sessions were held. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to investigate the relationships between different factors and readmission. Next, variables that were significant in univariate analysis were entered into the regression model.
Results

- After convening the expert panel, 32 criteria were finally approved. The highest rate of readmission occurred in the first 30 days after first admission with 84 cases (24%) and according to the present study the most common clinical (cardiovascular) factors affecting readmission were acute coronary syndrome with 104 cases (59.43%), atherosclerosis with 92 cases (52.57%), infarction in other areas with 89 cases (50.86%), anterior myocardial infarction with 88 cases (50.29%), congestive heart failure with 18 cases (10.29%).
Conclusions-

This study showed that underlying and clinical factors affecting readmissions in a developing country include acute coronary syndrome, anterior myocardial infarction, coronary artery stenosis/chronic ischemic heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypertension at first admission and high amount of sodium in the first admission.