bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN ABSTRAKSI MATEMATIS SISWA SMPN 16 BANDUNG MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN DENGAN MODEL ELICITING ACTIVITIES (MEAS)
Authors: APRIYANI EVA
Published: November 2021

Abstraction ability in mathematics is very important because it can be used to describe mathematical concepts in a mathematical problem. One way to help students develop mathematical abstraction skills is to apply the Eliciting Activities Model (MEAs). The purpose of this study was to determine the increase in mathematical abstraction skills between students who received mathematics learning with MEAs compared to the expository model, and to determine students' attitudes towards mathematics learning with MEAs. The method used in this research is quasi-experimental. The population in this study were students of class VIII SMP Negeri 16 Bandung with a sample of two classes from all available class VIII. The instruments used are mathematical abstraction ability test instruments, questionnaires, observation sheets, and students' daily journals. The results showed that the improvement of mathematical abstraction skills with MEAs was better than students who received mathematics learning using the expository model. In addition, students gave a positive response to learning mathematics with MEAs.
ABSTRAKKemampuan abstraksi dalam matematika sangat penting karena dapat digunakan untuk menggambarkan konsep matematis dalam sebuah permasalahan matematis. Salah satu cara untuk membantu siswa menumbuh kembangkan kemampuan abstraksi matematis adalah dengan menerapkan Model Eliciting Activities (MEAs). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peningkatan kemampuan abstraksi matematis antara siswa yang mendapatkan pembelajaran matematika dengan MEAs dibandingkan dengan model ekspositori, dan mengetahui sikap siswa terhadap pembelajaran matematika dengan MEAs. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah kuasi eksperimen. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 16 Bandung dengan sampel dua kelas dari keseluruhan kelas VIII yang tersedia. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah instrumen tes kemampuan abstraksi matematis, angket, lembar observasi, dan jurnal harian siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan kemampuan abstraksi matematis dengan MEAs lebih baik dari pada siswa yang mendapatkan pembelajaran matematika dengan model ekspositori,. Selain itu, siswa memberikan respons yang positif terhadap pembelajaran matematika dengan MEAs.
High atmospheric oxidation capacity drives wintertime nitrate pollution in the eastern Yangtze River Delta of China
Authors: Zang Han , Zhao Yue , Huo Juntao , Zhao Qianbiao , Fu Qingyan , Duan Yusen , Shao Jingyuan , Huang Cheng , An Jingyu , Xue Likun , Li Ziyue , Li Chenxi , Xiao Huayun
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Nitrate aerosol plays an increasingly important role in wintertime haze pollution in China. Despite intensive research on the wintertime nitrate chemistry in recent years, quantitative constraints on the formation mechanisms of nitrate aerosol in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), one of the most developed and densely populated regions in eastern China, remain inadequate. In this study, we identify the major nitrate formation pathways and their key controlling factors during the winter haze pollution period in the eastern YRD using two-year (2018–2019) field observations and detailed observation-constrained model simulations. We find that the high atmospheric oxidation capacity, coupled with high aerosol liquid water content (ALWC), made both the heterogeneous hydrolysis of dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5) and the gas-phase OH oxidation of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) important pathways for wintertime nitrate formation in this region, with contribution percentages of 69 % and 29 % in urban areas and 63 % and 35 % in suburban areas, respectively. We further find that the gas-to-particle partitioning of nitric acid (HNO3) was very efficient so that the rate-determining step in the overall formation process of nitrate aerosol was the oxidation of NOx to HNO3 through both heterogeneous and gas-phase processes. The atmospheric oxidation capacity (i.e., the availability of O3 and OH radicals) was the key factor controlling the production rate of HNO3 from both processes. During the COVID-19 lockdown (January–February 2020), the enhanced atmospheric oxidation capacity greatly promoted the oxidation of NOx to nitrate and hence weakened the response of nitrate aerosol to the emission reductions in urban areas. Our study sheds light on the detailed formation mechanisms of wintertime nitrate aerosol in the eastern YRD and highlights the demand for the synergetic regulation of atmospheric oxidation capacity and NOx emissions to mitigate wintertime nitrate and haze pollution in eastern China.
Impacts of three types of solar geoengineering on the North Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation
Authors: Xie Mengdie , Moore John C. , Zhao Liyun , Wolovick Michael , Muri Helene
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Climate models simulate lower rates of North Atlantic heat transport under greenhouse gas climates than at present due to a reduction in the strength of the North Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). Solar geoengineering whereby surface temperatures are cooled by reduction of incoming shortwave radiation may be expected to ameliorate this effect. We investigate this using six Earth System Models running scenarios from GeoMIP (Geoengineering model intercomparison project) in the cases of: i) reduction in the solar constant, mimicking dimming of the sun; ii) sulfate aerosol injection into the lower equatorial stratosphere; and iii) brightening of the ocean regions mimicking enhancing tropospheric cloud amounts. We find that despite across model differences, AMOC decreases are attributable to reduced air-ocean temperature differences, and reduced September Arctic sea ice extent, with no significant impact from changing surface winds or precipitation-evaporation. Reversing the surface freshening of the North Atlantic overturning regions caused by decreased summer sea ice sea helps to promote AMOC. Comparing the geoengineering types after normalizing them for the differences in top of atmosphere radiative forcing, we find that solar dimming is more effective than either marine cloud brightening or stratospheric aerosol injection.
Revising the definition of anthropogenic heat flux from buildings: role of human activities and building storage heat flux
Authors: Liu Yiqing , Luo Zhiwen , Grimmond Sue
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Buildings are a major source of anthropogenic heat emissions, impacting energy use and human health in cities. The difference between building energy consumption and building anthropogenic heat emission magnitudes and time lag and are poorly quantified. Energy consumption (QEC) is a widely used proxy for the anthropogenic heat flux from buildings (QF,B). Here we revisit the latter’s definition. If QF,B is the heat emission to the outdoor environment from human activities within buildings, we can derive it from the changes in energy balance fluxes between occupied and unoccupied buildings. Our derivation shows the difference between QEC and QF,B is attributable to a change in the storage heat flux induced by human activities (∆So-uo) (i.e., QF,B = QEC − ∆So-uo). Using building energy simulations (EnergyPlus) we calculate the energy balance fluxes for a simplified isolated building (obtaining QF,B, QEC, ∆So-uo) with different occupancy states. The non-negligible differences in diurnal patterns between QF,B and QEC caused by thermal storage (e.g. hourly QF,B to QEC ratios vary between −2.72 and 5.13 within a year in Beijing, China). Negative QF,B can occur as human activities can reduce heat emission from building but are associated with a large storage heat flux. Building operations (e.g., open windows, use of HVAC system) modify the QF,B by affecting not only QEC but also the ∆So-uo diurnal profile. Air temperature and solar radiation are critical meteorological factors explaining day-to-day variability of QF,B. Our new approach could be used to provide data for future parameterisations of both anthropogenic heat flux and storage heat fluxes from buildings. It is evident that storage heat fluxes in cities may also be impacted by occupant behaviour.
Distinct impacts on precipitation by aerosol radiative effect over three different megacity regions of eastern China
Authors: Sun Yue , Zhao Chuanfeng
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Many studies have investigated the impacts of aerosol on
the intensity and amount of precipitation, but few have been done so regarding
the impacts of aerosol on the start and peak times of precipitation. Using
the high-resolution precipitation, aerosol, and meteorological data in the warm
season of June–August from 2015 to 2020, this study investigates the
influence of aerosol on the start and peak times of precipitation over three
different regions, the North China Plain (NCP), the Yangtze River Delta
(YRD), and the Pearl River Delta (PRD). It shows that the period with the
highest frequency of precipitation start time, defined as the
frequent period (FP) of precipitation start time, is delayed and prolonged
by aerosols in NCP, contributing to the similar durations of precipitation
in NCP, YRD, and PRD. This study also shows that different types of aerosol
(absorbing versus scattering) have caused different influences on the start
and peak times of precipitation over the three study regions. The
precipitation start time is 3 h advanced in NCP but 2 h delayed in
PRD by aerosols during precipitation FP and shows no response to aerosol in
YRD. Compared to stratiform precipitation, the convective precipitation is
more sensitive to aerosol. The start and peak times of convective
precipitation show similar responses to aerosols. This study further shows
that the aerosol impacts on precipitation can vary with meteorological
conditions. Humidity is beneficial to precipitation, which can advance the
precipitation start and peak times and prolong the precipitation duration
time. Correspondingly, the impacts of aerosol on start time of precipitation
are significant under low humidity or weak low tropospheric stability
conditions. The impacts of vertical wind shear (WS) on the start and peak
times of precipitation are contrary to that of aerosols, resulting in the
fact that WS inhibits the aerosol effects on precipitation.
A climatology of trade-wind cumulus cold pools and their link to mesoscale cloud organization
Authors: Vogel Raphaela , Konow Heike , Schulz Hauke , Zuidema Paquita
Published: November 2021

Abstract. We present a climatology of trade cumulus cold pools and their associated changes in surface weather, vertical velocity and cloudiness based on more than 10 years of in situ and remote sensing data from the Barbados Cloud Observatory. Cold pools are identified by abrupt drops in surface temperature, and the mesoscale organization pattern is classified by a neural network algorithm based on Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite 16 (GOES-16) Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) infrared images. We find cold pools to be ubiquitous in the winter trades – they are present about 7.8 % of the time and occur on 73 % of days. Cold pools with stronger temperature drops (ΔT) are associated with deeper clouds, stronger precipitation, downdrafts and humidity drops, stronger wind gusts and updrafts at the onset of their front, and larger cloud cover compared to weaker cold pools, which agrees well with the conceptual picture of cold pools. The rain duration in the front is the best predictor of ΔT and explains 36 % of its variability. The mesoscale organization pattern has a strong influence on the occurrence frequency of cold pools. Fish has the largest cold-pool fraction (12.8 % of the time), followed by Flowers and Gravel (9.9 % and 7.2 %) and lastly Sugar (1.6 %). Fish cold pools are also significantly stronger and longer-lasting compared to the other patterns, while Gravel cold pools are associated with significantly stronger updrafts and deeper cloud-top height maxima. The diel cycle of the occurrence frequency of Gravel, Flowers, and Fish can explain a large fraction of the diel cycle in the cold-pool occurrence as well as the pronounced extension of the diel cycle of shallow convection into the early afternoon by cold pools. Overall, we find cold-pool periods to be ∼ 90 % cloudier relative to the average winter trades. Also, the wake of cold pools is characterized by above-average cloudiness, suggesting that mesoscale arcs enclosing broad clear-sky areas are an exception. A better understanding of how cold pools interact with and shape their environment could therefore be valuable to understand cloud cover variability in the trades.
Are drivers of northern lights in the ionosphere?
Authors: Saka Osuke
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Known as northern lights, auroral spirals are distinct features of substorm auroras composed of large-scale spirals (100s km Surges) mixed with smaller scale ones (10s km Folds, and 1 km Rays). Spiral patterns are generally interpreted in terms of the field line mapping of the upward field-aligned currents produced in the magnetosphere during the field line dipolarization. The field line mapping results in opposing spiral rotations of small- and large-scale auroras. Because of a rotational symmetry deformation and similarity in deformation speeds (6~8 km/s) of small- and large-scale spirals, it has been suggested that common physical processes may underlie the deforming processes. Internal processes in the polar ionosphere (ionospheric driver) will be proposed as the general dynamic for spiral auroras. The ionospheric driver rotated in the ionosphere to produce spirals that characteristically differ from the field line mapping scenario.
Global modelling of soil carbonyl sulfide exchange
Authors: Abadie Camille , Maignan Fabienne , Remaud Marine , Ogée Jérôme , Campbell J. Elliott , Whelan Mary E. , Kitz Florian , Spielmann Felix M. , Wohlfahrt Georg , Wehr Richard , Sun Wu , Raoult Nina , Seibt Ulli , Hauglustaine Didier , Lennartz Sinikka T. , Belviso Sauveur , Montagne David , Peylin Philippe
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Carbonyl sulfide (COS) is an atmospheric trace gas of interest for C cycle research because COS uptake by continental vegetation is strongly related to terrestrial gross primary productivity (GPP), the largest and most uncertain flux in atmospheric CO2 budgets. However, to use atmospheric COS budgets as an additional tracer of GPP, an accurate quantification of COS exchange by soils is also needed. At present, the atmospheric COS budget is unbalanced globally, with total COS flux estimates from oxic and anoxic soils that vary between −409 and −104 GgS yr−1. This uncertainty hampers the use of atmospheric COS concentrations to constrain GPP estimates through atmospheric transport inversions. In this study we implemented a mechanistic soil COS model in the ORCHIDEE land surface model to simulate COS fluxes in oxic and anoxic soils. Evaluation of the model against flux measurements at 7 sites yields a mean root mean square deviation of 1.6 pmol m−2 s−1, instead of 2 pmol m−2 s−1 when using a previous empirical approach that links soil COS uptake to soil heterotrophic respiration. The new model predicts that, globally and over the 2009–2016 period, oxic soils act as a net uptake of −126 GgS yr−1, and anoxic soils are a source of +96 GgS yr−1, leading to a global net soil sink of only −30 GgS yr−1, i.e., much smaller than previous estimates. The small magnitude of the soil fluxes suggests that the error in the COS budget is dominated by the much larger fluxes from plants, oceans, and industrial activities. The predicted spatial distribution of soil COS fluxes, with large emissions in the tropics from oxic (up to 68.2 pmol COS m−2 s−1) and anoxic (up to 36.8 pmol COS m−2 s−1) soils, marginally improves the latitudinal gradient of atmospheric COS concentrations, after transport by the LMDZ atmospheric transport model. The impact of different soil COS flux representations on the latitudinal gradient of the atmospheric COS concentrations is strongest in the northern hemisphere. We also implemented spatio-temporal variations of near-ground atmospheric COS concentrations in the modelling of biospheric COS fluxes, which helped reduce the imbalance of the atmospheric COS budget by lowering COS uptake by soils and vegetation globally (−10 % for soil, and −8 % for vegetation with a revised mean estimate of −576 GgS y−r1 over 2009–2016). Sensitivity analyses highlighted the different parameters to which each soil COS flux model is the most responsive, selected in a parameter optimization framework. Having both vegetation and soil COS fluxes modelled within ORCHIDEE opens the way for using observed ecosystem COS fluxes and larger scale atmospheric COS mixing ratios to improve the simulated GPP, through data assimilation techniques.
Massive C loss from subalpine grassland soil with seasonal warming larger than 1.5 °C in an altitudinal transplantation experiment
Authors: Volk Matthias , Suter Matthias , Wahl Anne-Lena , Bassin Seraina
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Climate change is associated with a change in soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks, implying a feedback mechanism on global warming. Grassland soils represent 28 % of the global soil C sink and are therefore important for the atmospheric greenhouse gas concentration. In a field experiment in the Swiss Alps we recorded changes in the ecosystem organic carbon stock under climate change conditions, while quantifying the ecosystem C fluxes at the same time (ecosystem respiration, gross primary productivity, C export in plant material and leachate water). We exposed 216 grassland monoliths to six different climate scenarios (CS) in an altitudinal transplantation experiment. In addition, we applied an irrigation treatment (+12–21 % annual precipitation) and an N deposition treatment (+3 and +15 kg N ha−1 a−1) in a factorial design, simulating summer-drought mitigation and atmospheric N pollution. In five years the ecosystem C stock, consisting of plant C and SOC, dropped dramatically by about −14 % (−1034 ± 610 g C m−2) with the CS treatment representing a +3.0 °C seasonal (Apr.–Oct.) warming. N deposition and the irrigation treatment caused no significant effects. Measurements of C fluxes revealed that ecosystem respiration increased by 10 % at the +1.5 °C warmer CS site and by 38 % at the +3 °C warmer CS site (P ≤ 0.001 each), compared to the CS reference site with no warming. However, gross primary productivity was unaffected by warming, as were the amounts of exported C in harvested plant material and leachate water (dissolved organic C). As a result, the five year C flux balance resulted in a climate scenario effect of −936 ± 138 g C m−2 at the +3.0 °C CS, similar to the C stock climate scenario effect. It is likely that this dramatic C loss of the grassland is a transient effect before a new, climate adjusted steady state is reached.
Rapid attribution analysis of the extraordinary heatwave on the Pacific Coast of the US and Canada June 2021
Authors: Philip Sjoukje Y. , Kew Sarah F. , van Oldenborgh Geert Jan , Anslow Faron S. , Seneviratne Sonia I. , Vautard Robert , Coumou Dim , Ebi Kristie L. , Arrighi Julie , Singh Roop , van Aalst Maarten , Pereira Marghidan Carolina , Wehner Michael , Yang Wenchang , Li Sihan , Schumacher Dominik L. , Hauser Mathias , Bonnet Rémy , Luu Linh N. , Lehner Flavio , Gillett Nathan , Tradowsky Jordis , Vecchi Gabriel A. , Rodell Chris , Stull Roland B. , Howard Rosie , Otto Friederike E. L.
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Towards the end of June 2021, temperature records were broken by several degrees Celsius in several cities in the Pacific northwest areas of the U.S. and Canada, leading to spikes in sudden deaths, and sharp increases in hospital visits for heat-related illnesses and emergency calls. Here we present a multi-model, multi-method attribution analysis to investigate to what extent human-induced climate change has influenced the probability and intensity of extreme heatwaves in this region. Based on observations and modeling, the occurrence of a heatwave with maximum daily temperatures (TXx) as observed in the area 45° N–52° N, 119° W–123° W, was found to be virtually impossible without human-caused climate change. The observed temperatures were so extreme that they lie far outside the range of historically observed temperatures. This makes it hard to quantify with confidence how rare the event was. In the most realistic statistical analysis, which uses the assumption that the heatwave was a very low probability event that was not caused by new nonlinearities, the event is estimated to be about a 1 in 1000 year event in today’s climate. With this assumption and combining the results from the analysis of climate models and weather observations, an event, defined as daily maximum temperatures (TXx) in the heatwave region, as rare as 1 in a 1000 years would have been at least 150 times rarer without human-induced climate change. Also, this heatwave was about 2 °C hotter than a 1 in 1000-year heatwave that at the beginning of the industrial revolution would have been (when global mean temperatures were 1.2 °C cooler than today). Looking into the future, in a world with 2 °C of global warming (0.8 °C warmer than today), a 1000-year event would be another degree hotter. It would occur roughly every 5 to 10 years in such global warming conditions. Our results provide a strong warning: our rapidly warming climate is bringing us into uncharted territory with significant consequences for health, well-being, and livelihoods. Adaptation and mitigation are urgently needed to prepare societies for a very different future.
Ordovician to Silurian graptolite specimen images for global correlation and shale gas exploration
Authors: Xu Hong-He , Niu Zhi-Bin , Chen Yan-Sen , Ma Xuan , Tong Xiao-Jing , Sun Yi-Tong , Dong Xiao-Yan , Fan Dan-Ni , Song Shuang-Shuang , Zhu Yan-Yan , Yang Ning , Xia Qing
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Multi- elemental and -dimensional data are more and more important during the development of data-driven research, as is the case in modern palaeontology, in which visual examination, by experts or someday the artificial intelligence, to every fossil specimen acts a crucial and fundamental role. We here release an integrated image dataset of 113 Ordovician to Silurian graptolite species or subspecies that are significant in global stratigraphy and shale gas exploration. The dataset contains 1550 high-resolution graptolite specimen images and scientific information related to the specimen, e.g., every specimen's taxonomic, geologic, geographic, and related references. We develop a tool, FSIDvis (Fossil Specimen Image Dataset Visualiser), to facilitate the human-interactive exploration of the rich-attribution image dataset. A nonlinear dimension reduction technique, t-SNE (t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding), is employed to project the images into the two-dimensional space to visualise and explore the similarities. Our dataset potentially contributes to the analysis of the global biostratigraphic correlations and improves the shale gas exploration efficiency by developing an image-based automated classification model. All images are available from https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5205216 (Xu, 2021).
A Bayesian data assimilation framework for lake 3D hydrodynamic models with a physics-preserving particle filtering method using SPUX-MITgcm v1
Authors: Safin Artur , Bouffard Damien , Ozdemir Firat , Ramón Cintia L. , Runnalls James , Georgatos Fotis , Minaudo Camille , Šukys Jonas
Published: November 2021

Abstract. We present a Bayesian inference for a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model of Lake Geneva with stochastic weather forcing and high-frequency observational datasets. This is achieved by coupling a Bayesian inference package, SPUX, with a hydrodynamics package, MITgcm, into a single framework, SPUX-MITgcm. To mitigate uncertainty in the atmospheric forcing, we use a smoothed particle Markov chain Monte Carlo method, where the intermediate model state posteriors are resampled in accordance with their respective observational likelihoods. To improve the assimilation of remotely sensed temperature, we develop a bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) neural network to estimate lake skin temperature from a history of hydrodynamic bulk temperature predictions and atmospheric data. This study analyzes the benefit and costs of such state of the art computationally expensive calibration and assimilation method for lakes.
The importance of non-stationary multiannual periodicities in the NAO index for forecasting water resource extremes
Authors: Rust William , Bloomfield John , Cuthbert Mark , Corstanje Ron , Holman Ian
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Drought forecasting and early warning systems for water resource extremes are increasingly important tools in water resource management, particularly in Europe where increased population density and climate change are expected to place greater pressures on water supply. In this context, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) ais often used to indicate future water resource behaviours (including droughts) over Europe, given its dominant control on winter rainfall totals in the North Atlantic region. Recent hydroclimate research has focused on the role of multiannual periodicities in the NAO in driving low frequency behaviours in some water resources, suggesting that notable improvements to lead-times in forecasting may be possible by incorporating these multiannual relationships. However, the importance of multiannual NAO periodicities for driving water resource behaviour, and the feasibility of this relationship for indicating future droughts, has yet to be assessed in the context of known non-stationarities that are internal to the NAO and its influence on European meteorological processes. Here we quantify the time-frequency relationship between the NAO and a large dataset of water resources records to identify key non-stationarities that have dominated multiannual behaviour of water resource extremes over recent decades. The most dominant of these is a 7.5-year periodicity in water resource extremes since approximately 1970 but which has been diminishing since 2005. Furthermore, we show that the non-stationary relationship between the NAO and European rainfall is clearly expressed at multiannual periodicities in the water resource records assessed. These multiannual behaviours are found to have modulated historical water resource anomalies to an extent that is comparable to the projected effects of a worst-case climate change scenario. Furthermore, there is limited systematic understanding in existing atmospheric research for non-stationaries in these periodic behaviours which poses considerable implications to existing water resource forecasting and projection systems, as well as the use of these periodic behaviours as an indicator of future water resource drought.
Brief communication: Western Europe flood in 2021: mapping agriculture flood exposure from SAR
Authors: He Kang , Yang Qing , Shen Xinyi , Anagnostou Emmanouil N.
Published: November 2021

Abstract. In this communication, we present the exposure of agriculture lands to the flooding caused by extreme precipitation in western Europe from 12th to 15th of July 2021. Overlaying the flood inundation maps derived from the near-real-time RAdar-Produced Inundation Diary (RAPID) system on the CORINE land cover map we estimate a 2470 km2 area affected by the flooding, with 57 % representing agricultural land. Among the inundated agricultural land, 36 % of the area is pastures while 33 % is arable land. Most agricultural flood exposure is found in south-eastern France (~1680 km2) along Rhône River and the coastal area of Marseille and Montpellier.
Storm surge hazard over Bengal delta: A probabilistic-deterministic modelling approach
Authors: Khan Md Jamal Uddin , Durand Fabien , Emanuel Kerry , Krien Yann , Testut Laurent , Islam A. K. M. Saiful
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Storm-surge induced coastal inundation constitutes a substantial threat to lives and properties along the vast coastline of the Bengal delta. Some of the deadliest cyclones in history made landfall in the Bengal delta region claiming more than half a million lives over the last five decades. Complex hydrodynamics and observational constraints have hindered the understanding of the risk of storm surge flooding of this low-lying (less than 5 m above mean sea level), densely populated (> 150M) mega-delta. Here, we generated and analysed a storm surge database derived from a large ensemble of 3600 statistically and physically consistent synthetic storm events and a high-resolution storm surge modelling system. The storm surge modelling system is developed based on a custom high-accuracy regional bathymetry enabling us to estimate the surges with high-confidence. From the storm surge dataset, we performed a robust probabilistic estimate of the storm surge extremes. Our ensemble estimate shows that there is a diverse range of water level extremes along the coast and the estuaries of the Bengal delta, with well-defined regional patterns. We confirm that the risk of inland storm surge flooding at a given return period is firmly controlled by the presence of coastal embankments and their height. We also conclude that about 10 % of the coastal population is living under the exposure of a 50-year return period inundation under current climate scenarios. In the face of ongoing climate change, which is likely to worsen the future storm surge hazard, we expect our flood maps to provide relevant information for coastal infrastructure engineering, risk zoning, resource allocation, as well as future research planning.
A Performance-Based Approach to Quantify Atmospheric River Flood Risk
Authors: Bowers Corinne , Serafin Katherine A. , Baker Jack W.
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Atmospheric rivers (ARs) are a class of meteorologic phenomena that cause significant precipitation and flooding on the US West Coast. This work presents a new Performance-based Atmospheric River Risk Analysis (PARRA) framework that adapts existing concepts from probabilistic risk analysis and performance-based engineering for application in the context of AR-driven fluvial flooding. The PARRA framework is a chain of physically based models that link the atmospheric forcings, hydrologic impacts, and economic consequences of AR-driven fluvial flood risk together at consistent “pinch point” variables. Organizing around these pinch points makes the framework modular, in that models between pinch points can be updated without affecting the rest of the model chain, and it produces a probabilistic result that quantifies the uncertainty in the underlying system states. The PARRA framework can produce results beyond analyses of individual scenario events and can look towards prospective assessment of events or system changes that have not been seen in the historic record. The utility of the PARRA framework is demonstrated through a series of analyses in Sonoma County, California. Evaluation of a February 2019 case study AR event shows that the individual component models produce simulated distributions that capture the observed precipitation, streamflow, inundation, and damage. The component models are then run in sequence to generate a first-of-its-kind AR flood loss exceedance curve for Sonoma County. The prospective capabilities of the PARRA framework are presented through the evaluation of a hypothetical mitigation action. It was found elevating 150 homes, selected based on their proximity to the Russian River, was able to reduce the average annual loss by half. The loss results from the mitigated building portfolio are compared against the original case. While expected benefits were minimal for the smallest events, the larger, more damaging ARs were expected to see loss reductions of approximately $50 million per event. These results indicate the potential of the PARRA framework for examining other changes to flood risk at the community level, including future changes to the hazard, through climate change; exposure, through development; and/or vulnerability, through flood mitigation investments.
PENERAPAN ZOOM UNTUK PROSES PEMBELAJARAN DIMASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Agrita Tri Wera , Putra Randi Eka
Published: November 2021

The teaching and learning process (learning) is an activity to carry out the core of education and curriculum at an educational institution. Teaching and learning activities contain various concepts related to the educational mission, educational foundation, and educational goals. In addition, learning is focused on what the lecturer must do as the one who provides learning. The learning process at this time is constrained by the Covid 19 pandemic faced by Indonesia, thus affecting all activities, one of which is Bungo Regency residents, especially in the academic field. Therefore, all learning activities carried out on campus are not allowed and must be done at home or online. One of them is the learning process for the Pancasila Course in the English Education Study Program (PBI), Semester II Year 2020/2021. This study uses descriptive qualitative methods in the form of photos and questionnaires via google forms which are distributed to students through whatsapp groups using 26 PBI second semester students. The results of this study indicate that students have internet signal problems, which are 81%. So the importance of the internet network is to make it easier for students to carry out the learning process effectively, due to the lack of a network. So the importance of the internet network is to make it easier for students to carry out the learning process effectively, due to the lack of a network.
PENANAMAN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DEMOKRATIS DI PONDOK PESANTREN
Authors: Na'imah Istifadatun , Bawani Imam
Published: November 2021

Lunturnya sikap demokratis generasi muda yang disebabkan oleh perkembangan IPTEK yang berlangsung secara signifikan pada era globalisasi, membuat generasi muda yang tidak siap menghadapi situasi tersebut akan terbawa arus perubahan apa adanya tanpa memilih budaya seperti apa yang sesuai dengan kepribadian bangsa. Pesantren sebagai lembaga pendidikan Islam yang eksistensinya sudah diakui oleh Negara, memiliki peran penting dalam mendidik para santri agar berperilaku baik dan memiliki sikap demokratis, begitu juga saat para santri sudah terjun ke dunia masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pelaksanaan penanaman pendidikan karakter demokratis, pentingnya karakter demokratis dalam diri santri, serta hal-hal yang menjadi pendukung dan penghambat pelaksanaan pendidikan karakter demokratis di Pondok Pesantren Putri Walisongo. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret-Juni tahun 2021 dengan mengumpulkan data-data melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumen. Kajian ini menghasilkan temuan: 1) pelaksanaan penanaman pendidikan karakter demokratis di PPP Walisongo melalui metode keteladanan/ Uswah Hasanah, Pembiasaan, dan Pendisiplinan. Ketiga metode tersebut diterapkan pada kegiatan sehari-hari santri maupun kegiatan berorganisasi, 2) penting bagi santri memiliki karakter demokratis karena berdemokrasi merupakan salah satu ajaran Islam yang bersendikan pada Al-Qur’an dan Al-Hadits. Pondok Walisongo ini memiliki penekanan pada Al-Qur’an dan Al-Hadits. Selain itu, demi mewujudkan tujuan pendidikan nasional, 3) Hal-hal yang mendukung dan menghambat pelaksanaan penanaman karakter adalah dari segi anak, orang tua, komponen organisasi, sarana dan prasarana, religiusitas, dan lingkungan.
Los niños capturados por la pantalla: El boom de YouTube en el consumo televisivo infantil
Authors: Fuente-Alba Cariola Fernando , Veloso Vergara Luciano
Published: November 2021

Los niños pasan horas frente a las pantallas atraídos por un entretenimiento fácil y rápido, transformando a la plataforma social en una solución transitoria a problemas de una sociedad cada vez más tecnificada y menos humanizada. El artículo analiza el consumo de YouTube en niños entre 10 y 11 años a través de una metodología cuantitativa donde a través de una encuesta realizada el primer semestre del 2019 se encuesta a 314 niñas y niños de Concepción Chile con el fin de conocer los contenidos audiovisuales de YouTube que visualizan, características de su consumo (horario, contenidos, cantidad de horas y medios de acceso) y necesidades que satisfacen con dicho visionado. Entre los hallazgos destaca que casi la totalidad usan la multimedia y que mientras más bajo es el nivel socioeconómico del colegio al que asisten, mayor es la cantidad de horas en la pantalla. Falta de control parental y una televisión abierta con escasa oferta infantil están entre las causas identificadas por el estudio. Ello sumado a un algoritmo de programación que no terminado un video ya le ofrece al pequeño 5 o 6 videos similares, convierten a YouTube en una fórmula audiovisual que puede tener “capturados” por horas a los niños frente a una pantalla de celular o computador.
Identificación de publicidad y estrategias para la creación de contenidos de instagramers en español: estudio de caso de 45 perfiles
Authors: Monge-Benito Sergio , Elorriaga-Illera Angeriñe , Jiménez-Iglesias Estefanía , Olabarri-Fernández Elena
Published: November 2021

Los instagramers profesionales ofrecen un contenido que se mezcla con lo promocional y atrae centenares de miles de seguidores. Este artículo examina las publicaciones de 45 cuentas de Instagram de influencers profesionales en habla hispana focalizados en diferentes temáticas (maternidad, moda, cosmética, fitness), comparando entre los considerados top (con más de un millón de seguidores) y quienes tienen audiencias medianas (100.000-1.000.000 seguidores). A través de una metodología cuantitativa, se analizan 4.500 publicaciones. Se describen las diferencias y similitudes por ámbito temático y por tamaño de la audiencia respecto a los métodos de identificación de la publicidad y a las estrategias de dinamización del contenido. Los resultados indican que el contenido de Instagram está funcionado como un soporte publicitario encubierto: amparecen marcas en dos de cada tres publicaciones, pero en la mayoría de los casos no se explicita de manera clara qué contenido es publicitario.
Un acercamiento metodológico a la utilización de las imágenes en el lanzamiento sensacionalista del Grupo 16 en 1978: 'Diario Libre'
Authors: Puebla-Martínez Belén , González-Díez Laura , Pérez-Cuadrado Pedro
Published: November 2021

Esta investigación se centra en el estudio de un diario popular sensacionalista —Diario Libre, 1978— que, con apenas dos meses de duración, supuso una experiencia muy parcial e improvisada en el recién fundado Grupo 16, editor de Diario 16 y referente del protagonismo de la prensa en la recién estrenada democracia política. Mediante la aplicación de un completo análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo de los elementos icónicos —principalmente fotografías— sobre el universo de ejemplares publicados se concluye que el fracaso de la empresa estuvo en la salida apresurada de un medio que nunca estuvo a la altura de lo que prometieron en su lanzamiento y jamás dedicó los medios necesarios para realizar el periodismo riguroso y atractivo que tal empresa necesitaba entonces.
Alternancia, un cambio de timón que no debiera hacer encallar el barco
Authors: Salas Velázquez José Luis
Published: November 2021

La alternancia en el poder nos enriquece como sociedad. Nos da la certeza de que existen diferentes puntos de vista, diferentes visiones de futuro y de cómo se hacen o cómo debieran hacerse las cosas en lo público. Nos enseña que nadie tiene la verdad absoluta y que el poder no es patrimonio de ningún grupo en particular, de ningún partido, ni de ningún grupo empresarial, sindicato o familia. Nos recuerda que en la política ni los triunfos ni las derrotas serán eternas. Siempre habrá posibilidad de volver, con ideas renovadas y con mayores ímpetus. Este artículo versa sobre la alternancia democrática ventajas y desventajas, desde una mirada de las elecciones mexicanas
Differences in the Incidence of Diarrhoea in Children Aged 6-24 Months Who Receive Exclusive and Non-Exclusive Breastfeeding
Authors: Tampubolon Christine Handayani , . Ronny , Rahabeat Florentina
Published: November 2021

Diarrhoea is still a problem for public health in developing countries, especially in Indonesia. The incidence of diarrhoea primarily affects infants in the 6-24 months age group because the infants start to obtain non-milk supplementary food in this age group, consequently increasing the risk of getting infected due to the consumption of germ-contaminated food. Breast milk contains required antibodies, and breastfed infants tend to have a more stable immune system than formula-fed infants. Most infant formulas are made from cow's milk or soybean. Formula feeding is indicated for those unable to obtain breast milk, and infant formula is often used as supplementary milk for mothers who cannot provide adequate breast milk. This study is aimed to determine the differences in the incidence of diarrhoea between 6-24 months old infants with exclusive breastfeeding versus infants with non-exclusive breastfeeding in the same age range. The researcher is analytical research with a case-control design, involving 60 infants as the research sample. Data were analyzed by using SPSS with a Chi-square test. The research results show differences in the incidence of diarrhoea between 6-24 months old infants with exclusive breastfeeding versus infants with non-exclusive breastfeeding in the same age range.

Key words: Diarrhea, 6-24 months age, Exclusive breast milk, Non-exclusive breast milk.
Identification of Barriers in Onco-Physiotherapy: Patient’s Perspective; A Cross-Sectional Observational Study
Authors: Raikundlia Hetanshi , Ghodge Siddhi
Published: November 2021

Cancer is a debilitating and complex disease that affects millions of people around the world, it has been identified that cancer rehabilitation including physiotherapy can be important factor in management of cancer patients and survivors.
There are disquisitions that showcase and prove the presence of certain problems with respect to referral and delivery of the physiotherapy treatment given to oncology patients. It is noticed that in spite of available facilities a large number of our population including the cancer patients are unaware of the presence of onco-physiotherapy and its potential benefits. This cross sectional study conducted among cancer patients aims to identify these barriers to help gain a complete understanding of them and the benefits of rehabilitation will help us gain valuable insight to optimise the beneficial services and its deliverance at these centres.
It showed that only half of the samples were aware of onco-physiotherapy. There are multiple barriers faced especially with respect to the referral system present in our country. Though they do not lack motivation, family and community support, ability to follow exercise regime and home programme, this study showed that in spite of this being conducted in an urban setting most were unaware of such services. This tells us that there is a dire need of awareness among patients, doctors and general population. There is also a need for more awareness about NGOs, government schemes and specialised branch of onco-physiotherapy to aid the rehabilitation process.

Key words: Oncology, cancer rehabilitation, onco-physiotherpy, barriers, awareness.
Assessment of Play and Sedentary Behaviours Before and During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Children Aged 10-16 Years Old- A Pilot Study
Authors: Jain Ashi , Shirsath Priyanka
Published: November 2021

Aim: The aim of the study is to assess if there are any changes in the play, sedentary and mood behaviours of children aged between 10-16 years of age before and during the on-going covid-19 pandemic.
Background: Covid-19 pandemic led to closures of schools and play grounds, social distancing, quarantining, etc., impacting the lifestyle activities of children and adolescents across the entire day. This led to an increase in the sedentary behaviours and decreased physical activity in children having detrimental effects on cardiometabolic/psychosocial health. In this study we aim to see the impact on lifestyle, mood, movement and screen time of children aged 10-16 years old before and during the Covid-19 global pandemic using online self-administered survey.
Methodology: 100 online responses were collected from children as per inclusion criteria. Demographic data and consent was taken. The survey was divided into 2 parts 1) Lifestyle and Study behaviours of the child- having 6 questions based on health, study, sleep cycle and motivation of the child, etc. 2) Movement and Screen timing of the child- which included the hours and type of physical activity, screen time and school’s participation which was responded by the parents/older children based on before and during the Covid-19 period. The 100 responses were statistically calculated.
Result: The study concludes that sedentary behaviours due to reduced physical activity and increased screen time including all gadgets have impacted the mood, diet, sleep, study of the child. This highlight the need for strategies to promote physical activity and reduce sedentary time in children during the current and potential future pandemics to prevent long-term health risks.

Key words: Covid-19 pandemic, physical activity, sedentary behaviour, children, school.
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Knowledge and Awareness
Authors: Sisodiya Khushboo Singh , Prakash Bharti
Published: November 2021

Gestational diabetes mellitus is a disorder of glucose intolerance which occurs for the first time during pregnancy. Gestational diabetes mellitus is major public health issue which is increasing day by day all over the world. It leads to the risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes and possibly adult cardiovascular disease in infant and increases rate of caesarean delivery and prenatal injury. This preliminary study is done to analyse the knowledge and awareness about GDM in antenatal women. Data were collected from government and private hospitals like Amrit Kaur Hospital, Shree maternity Child Hospital, Jain fertility Child ICU Hospital etc. Questionnaires were given to pregnant women who Visited hospitals for antenatal check up. A total no of 250 respondents were included in this study. Of total number of women only 52% were known to GDM. So the knowledge about GDM is average in women and most of the women gain this knowledge from their own experience. The study reveals that health program and camps should be organized to increase the knowledge about GDM.

Key words: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Awareness, cardiovascular disease.