bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ação Social e Instituições Econômicas:
Authors: Garcia Sandro Ruduit
Published: September 2021

A “metamorfose do mundo” tem chacoalhado instituições econômicas consagradas, exigindo do pesquisador o reconhecimento das transformações no mapa da atividade econômica. A proposta deste artigo é examinar as contribuições do conceito de “ação social” para a investigação sociológica de transformações nos processos econômicos, particularmente em realidades como a brasileira, que experimentam tais transformações sem ter constituído plenamente instituições capitalistas modernas. Progressos de diferentes formulações e ênfases do conceito têm permitido complementaridades para perscrutar a construção ativa de relações econômicas concretas pelos agentes em face de resistências institucionais. Esses desdobramentos têm instigado a compreensão e análise tanto de processos de reprodução de relações de poder quanto de produção de relações de cooperação que encetam a ascensão de atividades econômicas e instituem quadros normativos. O argumento pressupõe que situações de crises nos mercados requerem a observação das ações significativas dos agentes para a reconstrução de relações e organizações econômicas, cuja base se acha não apenas na busca de interesses materiais, mas também na legitimidade de convenções sociais e normas legais. O predomínio da ação econômica com finalidades instrumentais leva, depois de certo ponto, à instabilidade das relações e ordens econômicas, exigindo a reconstrução de arranjos entre convenções e normas para estabilizar as relações e sistemas econômicos.
The Effect of Water Stress on Total-Phenolic Content of Barley
Authors: SASSI Habib , OUESLATI Oussama , BEN-HAMMOUDA Moncef
Published: September 2021

Little is known about the relation between water stress and the accumulation of phenolics in plant tissues. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of water stress and maturation on the production of total-phenolics (TP) by four barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) varieties (‘Manel’, ‘Martin’, ‘Rihane’, ‘Espérance’). During three phenological stages (S-8, S-10.5, S-11), following Feekes scale, whole barley plants were pulled out of the field and separated into roots, stems, and leaves. Water extracts were prepared from plant parts and their TP contents were determined by spectrophotometer. To determine periods of water deficit (WD) at field, climatic characterization of the region was carried out. TP accumulated in barley plant and its parts under the influence of water deficit essentially at S8, which coincided with barley spring growth. However, TP content decreased when WD became more pronounced at the following stages. This response may be explained, partially by the biosynthesis of lignin from free phenols when the plant approached maturity. Results suggest that water stress stimulates the synthesis and accumulation of TP in barley tissues during active growth periods (spring growth) at S-8. This response doesn’t persist until the critical periods of WD where barley maturity favors a decrease in TP content for all plant parts. Regardless of growth stage and WD, barley accumulates preferentially phenolics in above-ground plant parts. The evolution of phenolic accumulation under water stress showed the same trends for the tested barley varieties, indicating a genetic control of phenolic production and their partitioning across plant parts.
Examining the Impact of Movements of the Commodity Price on the Value of the Baltic Dry Index during Covid19 Pandemic
Authors: Radivojevic Nikola , Muhovic Almir , Joksimovic Milica , Pimic Miroslav
Published: September 2021

The Baltic Dry Index (BDI) is one of the most well-known indices, as it is perceived as a leading indicator of economic activity. Reductions in the movement of people, commodities, and capital in the conditions of economic crises, such as the one in 2008 and 2009, as well as the current economic crisis generated by the COVID-19 pandemic, were affected by the reduction of economic activities. It is interesting to point out that the analysis of the basic trend of the BDI movements in the period before the economic crisis shows that the index fell to near record lows just before the derivatives and credit crisis hit stocks full force. This is a clear signal that the index can be used as a tool for stock market forecasting. The paper aims to examine whether the changes in these raw materials affect the changes in the value of BDI. For these purposes in the paper was use GMM and 2SLS estimator. The results show that different raw materials have a different impact on the value of the BDI, which indicates that based on individual movements value of raw materials which composes the BDI cannot forecast its movement.
Comparing Collaborative Writing Activity in EFL Classroom: Face-to-Face Collaborative Writing versus Online Collaborative Writing Using Google Docs
Authors: Moonma Jitlada
Published: September 2021

Collaborative writing is acknowledged as one of the most beneficial writing exercises for improving writing skills. This study aimed to look at the errors of online collaborative writing using Google Docs and face-to-face collaborative writing, as well as to find out how satisfied students were with both modes. Purposive sampling was used to pick 32 Thai second-year English major students (19 females, 13 males) from Writing II. A record form of the error kinds derived from Norrish (1983) a questionnaire, and a semi-structured interview were used as instruments. Frequency and percentage were the statistics used. The data revealed that 346 errors were discovered in online mode, while 389 errors were discovered in face-to-face mode, which was at a higher level. The most common types in the online mode were sentence fragments, while the most common kinds in the face-to-face mode were determiners. Grammars were presented to students in both modes, followed by lexis and mechanics. Furthermore, the findings indicated that the students reported being highly satisfied with online mode using Google Docs (X ̅ = 3.50), followed by face-to-face setting (X ̅ = 3.45). Students also had an overall positive feedback on Google Docs and found it useful in terms of writing anywhere and anytime. Based on the results of this study, students in online co-produced texts better than in face-to-face mode. Time independence and features of Google Docs might be the crucial factors which facilitated the students’ writing in online mode.
PENILAIAN HIASAN SULAM SASHIKO PADA BUSANA ANAK
Authors: Zahra Al Syifa Siti , Radiona SP Vivi , Suliyanthini Dewi
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh dan menganalisis tentang penilaian hiasan sulam sashiko pada busana anak yang dinilai berdasarkan syarat pembuatan desain hiasan yang baik, aspek unsur desain serta prinsip desain. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Pre-Eksperimental dan bentuk desain One-Shoot Case Study. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan angket pada lima panelis ahli sebagai subjek penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara keseluruhan, penilaian hiasan sulam sashiko pada busana anak berada pada kategori sangat baik berdasarkan syarat pembuatan desain hiasan yang baik meliputi penggunaan hiasan secara terbatas, kesesuaian letak hiasan, cukup ruang, dan kesesuaian bahan hiasan. Penilaian berdasarkan aspek unsur desain yang meliputi bentuk, ukuran, tekstur, dan warna berada pada kategori sangat baik. Penilaian berdasarkan aspek prinsip desain yang meliputi harmoni, irama, proporsi, keseimbangan dan pusat perhatian juga berada pada kategori sangat baik. Model 5 unggul dengan skor tertinggi meliputi semua aspek, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa sulam sashiko dapat digunakan sebagai alternative hiasan pada busana anak.
EXPERIENCES OF MULTIPLE ROMANTIC RELATIONSHIPS MAKEUP AND BREAKUP AMONG ADOLESCENTS
Authors:   Wahida anjum, Razi Aniqa
Published: September 2021

Experiences of multiple romantic relationships makeup and breakup among adolescents is a very common issue in this era. The rationale of this research is to know the reasons and after effects of multiple romantic relationships make up and break up among adolescence. Semi structure interview of 3 females and a male of age fifteen years to twenty-six years is conducted to collect the data
PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF PRE AND POST VACCINATION OF COVID-19: PEOPLE PERCEPTION IN SOUTHERN PUNJAB
Authors:   Asifa Ahmad, Sani Rabea
Published: September 2021

Due to myths and misconception Pakistan has already intense opposition to vaccination specially Covid 19 vaccination among people. A web based cross sectional study was conducted in the general population of Punjab Pakistan in June 2021.The self-developed questionnaire which is based on 30 items which comprises on pre vaccination, during vaccination and post vaccination fears, myths and psychological effects.
Will Tax Burden Be a Stumbling Block to Carbon-Emission Reduction? Evidence from OECD Countries
Authors: Ren Yishuai , Jiang Yong , Ma Chaoqun , Liu Jianglong , Chen Jing
Published: September 2021

The influence of taxation on the economy and society is everywhere. Given the fact that CO2 emission is closely connected with human activities, the question naturally arises whether the tax burden affects the carbon emissions. To address this issue, based on the data of 21 OECD countries over the period from 1991–2014, we use the ratio of tax revenue to GDP as a proxy of the tax burden and employ a panel quantile model with the non-additive fixed effects for analysis. The results suggest that the impact of the tax burden on carbon emissions is heterogeneous across countries based on the level of carbon emissions. Moreover, we find a stable U-shaped relationship between the tax burden and carbon emissions whether for countries with a high or low level of carbon emissions. Our findings suggest that moderate taxes could help reduce carbon emissions, but the effect of excessive taxation is the opposite.
The Effect of Online Channel Addition on Store Performance: Empirical Evidence from Chinese Chain Retailers
Authors: Wang Yixin , Gong Qiguo , Wang Tingyan , Tian Xin
Published: September 2021

With the rapid development of e-Commerce and takeaway platforms, retailers have gradually developed multi-channel operations. However, limited empirical studies explored the effects of an online channel offered by takeaway platforms on the store performance. Does an online channel addition have a synergy effect or a cannibalization effect on store performance? We empirically investigate these effects by analyzing a large dataset including diverse samples collected from multiple retailers across various regions. The dataset includes 2115 stores across 25 retailers for 10 months that includes two types of retail formats and covers 16 provinces and 21 cities of China. We study the impacts of the newly introduced online channel on the incumbent offline channel and the overall store performance. The empirical results reveal that the online channel addition mainly has a synergy effect. Specifically, for the overall store, it has a positive effect on the sales and product variety, whereas it has a negative effect on the basket size. Surprisingly, an online channel addition also has a positive effect on the offline sales. Our study adds novel values to multi-channel retailing literature by empirically researching the cannibalization and synergy effect of a new type of online channel, offered by takeaway platforms. It can provide insights for retail enterprises who are interested in introducing O2O model.
A Study of Multi-Scale Relationship Between Investor Sentiment and Stock Index Fluctuation Based on the Analysis of BEMD Spillover Index
Authors: Chen Weiguo , Zhou Shufen , Zhang Yin , Sun Yi
Published: September 2021

According to behavioral finance theory, investor sentiment generally exists in investors’ trading activities and influences financial market. In order to investigate the interaction between investor sentiment and stock market as well as financial industry, this study decomposed investor sentiment, stock price index and SWS index of financial industry into IMF components at different scales by using BEMD algorithm. Moreover, the fluctuation characteristics of time series at different time scales were extracted, and the IMF components were reconstructed into short-term high-frequency components, medium-term important event low-frequency components and long-term trend components. The short-term interaction between investor sentiment and Shanghai Composite Index, Shenzhen Component Index and financial industries represented by SWS index was investigated based on the spillover index. The time difference correlation coefficient was employed to determine the medium-term and long-term correlation among variables. Results demonstrate that investor sentiment has a strong correlation with Shanghai Composite Index, Shenzhen Component Index and different financial industries represented by SWS index at the original scale, and the change of investor sentiment is mainly influenced by external market information. The interaction between most markets at the short-term scale is weaker than that at the original scale. Investor sentiment is more significantly correlated with SWS Bond, SWS Diversified Finance and Shanghai Composite Index at the long-term scale than that at the medium-term scale.
Pigmenty a barevnost tradičních venkovských staveb na jižní Moravě
Authors: Novotný Martin , Slavíček Karel , Štulířová Jana , Všianský Dalibor
Published: September 2021

The article describes an interdisciplinary study that uses the means of ethnology and materials science. This approach is quite unusual in the Czech environment. Specifically, it concerns detailed materials analyses of samples of plaster which were acquired during ethnological research on selected recent buildings in South Moravia. The studied plaster samples from folk buildings in the Znojmo area are probably from the twentieth century. However, it cannot be ruled out that the buildings are older. In addition to traditional and mostly inorganic pigments, the plaster samples were also coloured using synthetic pigments, which corresponded to their availability on the market. Besides the description of the set of samples, the article also demonstrates the potential of applying natural-scientific methods to analyse plaster and its pigments for ethnology. At present, these methods are common in materials engineering and are used in restoration work.
Efficient Modeling of Hydraulic Fractures with Diamond Boundary in Shale Gas Reservoirs
Authors: Gao Mingyi , Zhou Wen , Zhang Jian , Chang Cheng , Liu Chuxi , Yu Wei
Published: September 2021

The effects of hydraulic fractures with complex boundaries on the well performance of a shale gas well, considering a more realistic corner point geological model, have rarely been studied previously. In this study, the nonintrusive embedded discrete fracture model (EDFM) method was employed to investigate the effects of different boundary shapes of hydraulic fracture, coupling a network of sophisticated natural fractures discrete fracture network (DFN) on well performance. First, by implementing the powerful EDFM technology, concepts of two categories (rectangle and diamond) of hydraulic fracture with different boundaries were designed. Next, the geometric equations defining vertices of multiple rectangular- or diamond-shaped hydraulic fractures in arbitrary coordinate systems were derived. Subsequently, the horizontal well with multistaged hydraulic fractures and sophistically oriented 3D natural fractures was inputted into the reservoir model to perform history matching. After history matching, the results were further analyzed to compare the production forecast from the two categories. The results show that 20-year cumulative gas productions for rectangle- and diamond-shaped fractures are approximately 1.237×108 m3 and 1.486×108 m3, respectively. In other words, the diamond category can produce 20.1% more gas than the rectangle category. For cumulative water production, the diamond category produces 3.8×104 m3, as against the 3.0×104 m3 produced by the rectangle category (or 26.7% more). This implies that the diamond-shaped fractures have the potential to reach the far field region of the reservoir away from the wellbore. This means that more intersections with natural fractures DFN can be achieved, and more drainage area is unlocked. The visualization of pressure distributions and drainage volume was easily shown, and these results further confirm that the extent of fluid drainage by the diamond fracture is larger compared to that by the rectangular fracture given the same total surface area.
LEIOMYOME DE LURETREUNE CAUSE RARE DE DYSURIE CHEZ LA FEMME : A PROPOS DUN CAS URETHRAL LEIOMYOMA A RARE CAUSE OF DYSURIA IN WOMEN: A CASE REPORT
Authors:   Service durologie CHU Mohamed VI de Marrakech., Ait Ouali R. , Aarab M. ,   Service durologie CHU Mohamed VI de Marrakech., Sidi Abdella L. ,   Service durologie CHU Mohamed VI de Marrakech., Lakmichi MA. ,   Service durologie CHU Mohamed VI de Marrakech., Dahami Z. ,   Service durologie CHU Mohamed VI de Marrakech., Moudouni MS. ,   Service durologie CHU Mohamed VI de Marrakech., Sarf I. ,   Service durologie CHU Mohamed VI de Marrakech.
Published: September 2021

Introduction: The leiomyoma of the urethra is rare. It is a benign mesenchymal tumor that affects the smooth muscle of the urethra. These tumors often occur in women of childbearing age the middle age of their appearance is about 41 years old. Case report: Here we report the case of a 37 years old white woman with progressive dysuria with nodule sensation in the vagina Conclusions: Leiomyoma is a benign tumor, common in the uterus but very rare in the urethra. His diagnosis is rarely mentioned. The para-clinical assessment specifies the characteristics, the reports of the tumor, and directs on its nature. Open or endoscopic surgical excision allows both the diagnosis and the treatment of symptoms.
SEROPREVALENCE OF TOXOPLASMOSIS IN PREGNANT WOMEN AT AVICENNA MILITARY HOSPITAL IN MARRAKESH
Authors:   Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, Morocco., Zahlan Ghita , El Mezouari El Mostafa ,   Parasitology-Mycolgy laboratory, Avicenna Military Hospital. Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cadi AyyadUniversity,Marrakesh. Morocco., Moutaj Redouane ,   Parasitology-Mycolgy laboratory, Avicenna Military Hospital. Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cadi AyyadUniversity,Marrakesh. Morocco.
Published: September 2021

Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii which can have serious consequences for the fetus in case of pergravidicseroconversion. The present work is analytical and descriptive complementary studies: prospective (1-09-2015 to 31-12-2015) and a retrospective study (01-01-2010 to 31-12-2014) performed in the service of Parasitology - Mycology Marrakesh.The seroprevalence of pregnant women immunized against toxoplasmosis in our study is 35%, including women from rural and illiterate are proven to be the most immune. The main risk factors for disease transmission are the lack of knowledge about toxoplasmosis, the modes of transmission and means of prevention, and the low level of hygiene. We also raised a blatant lack of regular serological monitoring in seronegative pregnant women who received only one serological test in 66%. The present study confirmed that more than half of pregnant women are not immunized against Toxoplasma gondii and deserve monthly monitoring for early detection of possible seroconversion and implement effective therapeutic management.
TOK KU PALOHS ISLAH MOVEMENT IN TERENGGANU IN EARLY 20TH CENTURY
Authors:   Research Centre for Arabic Language and Islamic Civilization, Faculty of Islamic Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia., Suryani Mat Resad Izziah , Azraai Jamsari Ezad ,   Research Centre for Arabic Language and Islamic Civilization, Faculty of Islamic Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia., Karimah Ismail Napisah ,   Research Centre for Arabic Language and Islamic Civilization, Faculty of Islamic Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia., Che Noh Noorsafuan ,   Faculty of Islamic Contemporary Studies, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Gong Badak Campus, 21300 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
Published: September 2021

Many colonial British officers considered the Terengganu people as different from Muslims in other Malay states. They were considered as the most pious among the Muslims in Malaysia. They refused to accept British administration due to the influence of the scholars leadership in their lives. The attitude of the Terengganu people towards the British was due to the influence of scholars efforts, especially Tok Ku Paloh, who launched the Islah Movement to establish firmly the tenets of Islam among the population so that they did not stray from Islamic principles even after they were colonised by the British. He directed his efforts to all levels of society, the common people as well as the ruling class of Terengganu. This research is for the purpose of studying the role played by Tok Ku Paloh in his efforts to entrench the principles of Islam and prepare the people of Terengganu to face the threat of British occupation. This research is a qualitative research using historical study approach. Research finds that Tok Ku Paloh played a big role in implementing islah (revival) to entrench Islamic principles among the Terengganu population both through his own endeavour and his students, especially Sultan Zainal Abidin III who was in ruling power from 1881 to 1918. He succeeded in forming the next echelon of scholars, such as Haji Abdul Rahman Limbong who played the main role in continuing the endeavour to entrench Islam among the people of Terengganu. Scholars were also responsible for organising the reaction of the Terengganu people against British colonisation after the demise of Tok Ku Paloh and Sultan Zainal Abidin III.
OVARIAN ECTOPIC PREGNANCY- A RARE CASE REPORT
Authors:   Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Narayana Multi-Speciality Hospital Jaipur., Majeed Bushra , Gupta Tarushikha ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Narayana Multi-Speciality Hospital Jaipur., P. Gupta Chetan ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Pandit Hospital, Ahmednagar.
Published: September 2021

Background:Ovarian pregnancy is classified as a rare cause of non tubal pregnancy wherein maximum ends in rupture in early months of pregnancy. Sign and symptoms often mimic tubal rupture. To distinguish between the two based on presenting complaints and ultrasonography findings is difficult. Generally confirmation of ovarian preganancy is done only after histopathological examination due to its similarity in presenting complaints to tubal pregnancy. Medical management has also been tried for unruptured ectopic pregnancy. Case:Presenting a rare case report of ruptured left ovarian pregnancy. pt was 26yrs old multiparous with previous two cesarean 7yrs and 4 yrs back with one MTP kit taken 6 months back with pain in left iliac fossa. USG findings were suggestive of tubal rupture, however during laparotomy ruptured left ovarian pregnancy was diagnosed followed by left oopherectomy later on confirmed by histopathological examination.
STUDY OF CHANGES IN THE CULTIVATION AREA, IRRIGATED AREA, PRODUCTION & PRODUCTIVITY OF DIFFERENT CROPS IN THE STATE OF UTTAR PRADESH
Authors:   MA-Economics, M.Phil.-Economics, PhDCCS University, Meerut (Uttar Pradesh) India., Sharma Anju
Published: September 2021

India is one of the largest producers of food grains in the world. One of the major contributors to this achievement is the state of Uttar Pradesh. The state has seen significant contributions coming in due to focus of governments and farmers on it.Other factor is the huge demand for cereals in the global market that is creating an excellent environment for the export of Indian cereal & food grains. All food grain types have seen significant changes in their area of cultivation to coverage under irrigated area. Increase in sown area also has led to increase in production. Additionally, good farming practices, availability of irrigation water have contributed largely to increase in average yield of most of the food grains in the state for the period under study. Increase in sown area, it seems has also been driven by opportunity to increase earnings of farmers. This study has covered primarily, area of production, irrigated area, absolute production, and average yield of various crops which are cultivated in the state of Uttar Pradesh for the period from 2006-07 to 2012-13.
ETHNOMATHEMATICS
Authors:   Associate Professor Titus II Teachers College, Tiruvalla., Thomas Sunila , Jacob Gibina ,   M.Sc,B.Ed Titus II Teachers College, Tiruvalla.
Published: September 2021

In mathematics education ethnomathematics is the study of the relationship between mathematics and culture. Often associated with cultures without written expression, it may also be defined as the mathematics which is practiced among identifiable cultural groups. It refers to a broad cluster of ideas ranging from distinct numerical and mathematical systems to multicultural mathematics education. The goal of ethnomathematics is to contribute both to the understanding of culture and the understanding of mathematics, and mainly to lead to an appreciation of the connections between the two.
Potential Role of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Traumatic
Brain Injury
Authors: Marzano Lucas Alexandre Santos , de Castro Fabyolla Lúcia Macedo , Machado Caroline Amaral , de Barros João Luís Vieira Monteiro , Macedo e Cordeiro Thiago , Simões e Silva Ana Cristina , Teixeira Antônio Lúcio , Silva de Miranda Aline
Published: September 2021

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious cause of disability and death among
young and adult individuals, displaying complex pathophysiology including cellular and
molecular mechanisms that are not fully elucidated. Many experimental and clinical studies
investigated the potential relationship between TBI and the process by which neurons
are formed in the brain, known as neurogenesis. Currently, there are no available treatments
for TBI’s long-term consequences being the search for novel therapeutic targets, a
goal of highest scientific and clinical priority. Some studies evaluated the benefits of
treatments aimed at improving neurogenesis in TBI. In this scenario, herein, we reviewed
current pre-clinical studies that evaluated different approaches to improving neurogenesis
after TBI while achieving better cognitive outcomes, which may consist in interesting approaches
for future treatments.
Association Between Serum Lipid Levels and Severe Headache or Migraine
in Representative American Population: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Ge Wenjing , Gao Lijie , Zhang Yang , Wu Kongyuan , Chen Ning , He Li
Published: September 2021

Background:

The relationship between serum lipids and migraine remains controversial.

Objective:

This study aimed to analyze the association between serum lipids and severe headache
or migraine in the general population.

Method:

Data were collected from a nationally representative sample of participants in the National
Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 to 2004. Interviewers recorded self-reported
severe headaches or migraines and whether pain lasted for more than 24 h in three months. A
weighted general linear model was used to estimate the association between serum lipids and severe
headache or migraine. Regression analyses were performed after adjusting for age, sex, race,
energy intake, sodium intake, etc. Subgroup analyses were performed using the same regression
model.

Results:

We included 5,937 individuals in the study, with a weighted mean age of 45.8 years.
Males accounted for 47.6% of the participants. After adjusting for covariates, a non-significant association
was found between migraine and total cholesterol (odds ratio=0.96, 95% confidence interval=
0.85, 1.05; P=0.32), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (odds ratio=0.96; 95% confidence interval=
0.75, 1.17, P=0.55), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (odds ratio=0.99; 95% confidence
interval=0.49, 1.59, P=0.58) in the continuous form. In subgroup analyses, no significant association
was found between total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density
lipoprotein cholesterol, and self-reported severe headache or migraine.

Conclusion:

Total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein
cholesterol were not significantly associated with severe headache or migraine in the general American
population after adjusting for covariates. The supporting information for measuring common
serum lipids in general headaches and migraines is insufficient.
Metformin Ameliorates Neuronal Necroptosis after Intracerebral Hemorrhage
by Activating AMPK
Authors: Lin Chenhan , Yang Kaichuang , Zhang Guoqiang , Yu Jun
Published: September 2021

Background:

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a major cause of death and disability
globally. As a type of secondary injury after ICH, treatment for cell death can promote the recovery
of neurological function.

Methods:

Among all the cell death, neuronal necroptosis has recently been demonstrated of significance
in the pathogenesis of ICH. However, the administration of drugs against necroptosis has
many limitations.

Results:

In the present study, we found that metformin, a first-line medication for the treatment of
type 2 diabetes, can effectively inhibit neuronal necroptosis after ICH by activating the AMPK related
pathway, thereby significantly improving neurological function scores and reducing brain edema.

Conclusion:

These results will provide a new perspective for future research in necroptosis.
Observation of the Therapeutic Effect of Correcting Foot Varus on Improving Knee Hyperextension and Gait in Patients After Stroke
Authors: Yu Hui-Xian
Published: September 2021

Objective:

The present study aimed to observe the therapeutic effect of elastic bandages
on improving knee hyperextension in patients with stroke after correcting the foot varus.

Methods:

A total of 45 patients with stroke admitted to the hospital from January to August 2019
were enrolled in the present prospective study. Elastic bandages were used to fix the affected foot
in a mild valgus position. Before and after the intervention, the Noitom walking function evaluation
system was adopted, and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test and the 10-meter walking test were
conducted. The gait speed, stride length, knee angle, and the number of knee hyperextensions >5°
were selected as the results. The weight-bearing time of the affected leg was evaluated, and the
changes in the control ability of the affected limb before and after the intervention were compared.

Results:

It was found that compared with before treatment, the time of knee hyperextension was
significantly reduced after fixation with the elastic bandage, and the knee extension angle was significantly
reduced (p < 0.05). After the treatment, the gait speed was significantly higher than before
the treatment (p < 0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference in the stride length (P >
0.05). After the treatment, the time in the TUG test was significantly shorter than before the treatment
(p < 0.05), together with an obvious increase in the weight-bearing time of the affected leg (p
< 0.05).

Conclusion:

Correcting foot varus could improve the biomechanics of the lower limbs and improve
the symptoms of knee hyperextension in patients with stroke, thereby improving the control
ability of the affected limb and improving the walking function.
Effects of Natural Products on Neuromuscular Junction
Authors: Akkol Esra Küpeli , Karatoprak Gökçe Şeker , Carpar Elif , Hussain Yaseen , Khan Haroon , Aschner Michael
Published: September 2021

:

Neuromuscular junction (NMJ) disorders result from damage, malfunction or absence of
one or more key proteins involved in neuromuscular transmission, comprising a wide range of disorders.
The most common pathology is antibody-mediated or downregulation of ion channels or receptors,
resulting in Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome, myasthenia gravis, and acquired neuromyotonia
(Isaac’s syndrome), and rarely congenital myasthenic syndromes caused by mutations in NMJ proteins.
A wide range of symptomatic treatments, immunomodulating therapies, or immunosuppressive
drugs have been used to treat NMJ diseases. Future research must be directed at a better understanding
of the pathogenesis of these diseases, and developing novel disease-specific treatments. Numerous secondary
metabolites, especially alkaloids isolated from plants, have been used to treat NMJ diseases in
traditional and clinical practices. An ethnopharmacological approach has provided leads for identifying
new treatments for NMJ diseases. In this review, we performed a literature survey in Pubmed, Science
Direct, and Google Scholar to gather information on drug discovery from plant sources for NMJ disease
treatments. To date, most research has focused on the effects of herbal remedies on cholinesterase
inhibitory and antioxidant activities. This review provides leads for identifying potential new drugs
from plant sources for the treatment of NMJ diseases.
MRI in Normal Myelination: A Pictorial Review
Authors: Bhatia Vikas , Seth Raghav , Saini Arushi Gahlot , Singh Paramjeet
Published: September 2021

:

This article's primary goal is to provide an image-based review to paediatricians to gain
insight into the typical appearance of myelin evolution. We briefly discuss the structure and development
of myelination, the role of qualitative and quantitative MRI in myelin imaging, and provide
an image-based review as a quick reference for understanding the pattern of myelination on
MR imaging.
Renal Involvement in Pediatric Patients with COVID-19: An Up-to-date Review
Authors: Campos Yuri Márcio , Drumond André Luís Vieira , de Matos Gamonal Mariane , Parreira Milena Pereira , Simões e Silva Ana Cristina
Published: September 2021

Background:

In pediatric patients, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been mostly associated with mild symptoms. However, as in adults, renal involvement has been reported in children and adolescents with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Objective:

This review aimed to report data about renal involvement in pediatric COVID-19 patients. The focuses were on the pathophysiology of acute kidney injury in Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome Temporally Associated (PIMS-TS) with SARS-CoV-2 and the possible impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection upon kidney function, as well as data concerning patients with previous kidney diseases, including Nephrotic Syndrome and Chronic Renal Disease. The implications for COVID-19 outcomes in pediatric patients were also discussed.

Methods:

This integrative review searched for articles on renal involvement in pediatric COVID-19 patients. The databases evaluated were PubMed and Scopus.

Results:

The emergence of PIMS-TS with SARS-CoV-2 has shown that pediatric patients are at risk of severe COVID-19, with multi-organ involvement and dysfunction. In addition to intense inflammation, several systems are affected in this syndrome, collectively creating a combination of factors that results in acute kidney injury. Several studies have proposed that kidney cells, including the podocytes, might be at risk of direct infection by SARS-CoV-2, as high levels of ACE2, the virus receptor, are expressed on the membrane of such cells. Some cases of glomerular diseases triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection and relapses of previous renal diseases have been reported.

Conclusion:

Further studies are necessary to establish risk factors for renal involvement in pediatric COVID-19 and to predict disease outcomes.
Is Fibromyalgia Associated with Borrelia-specific T Lymphocytes?
Authors: Puri Basant K. , Lee Gary S. , Schwarzbach Armin
Published: September 2021

Background:

Although fibromyalgia is a common cause of chronic musculoskeletal
pain, its aetiology and pathophysiology are uncertain. It has recently been suggested that fibromyalgia
symptomatology represents a T lymphocyte-mediated immune response to pathogens, which
are known risk factors for autoimmune diseases. One major suggested candidate pathogen is the
bacterial genus Borrelia. However, to date, this hypothesis has not been tested.

Objective:

The aim was to carry out the first test of this hypothesis by comparing Borrelia-specific
T lymphocyte reactivity in fibromyalgia patients and matched controls.

Methods:

The enzyme-linked immunospot assay was used to detect T-lymphocyte reactivity to
Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (full antigen), outer surface protein (Osp) A from Borrelia burgdorferi
sensu stricto, Borrelia afzelii and Borrelia garinii, native OspC plus decorin binding protein
A recombinant and lymphocyte function antigen-1 (shared epitope) in 27 patients who fulfilled
the revised diagnostic criteria for fibromyalgia of the American College of Rheumatology and in
26 control subjects. The assays were carried out blind to the group status of the participants.

Results:

The two groups did not differ by age, sex or ethnicity. They did not differ significantly in
respect of T lymphocyte reactivity to Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (full antigen) (p = 0.847),
Osp mix (p = 0.709) or lymphocyte function antigen-1 (p = 0.367).

Conclusion:

This novel controlled study provides no evidence of an association between fibromyalgia
and Borrelia-specific T lymphocytes.
Brain Tumor Detection Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning: A
Review
Authors: Lotlikar Venkatesh S. , Satpute Nitin , Gupta Aditya
Published: September 2021

:

According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), the mortality
rate due to brain tumors is 76%. It is required to detect the brain tumors as early as possible and to
provide the patient with the required treatment to avoid any fatal situation. With the recent advancement
in technology, it is possible to automatically detect the tumor from images such as Magnetic
Resonance Iimaging (MRI) and computed tomography scans using a computer-aided design. Machine
learning and deep learning techniques have gained significance among researchers in medical
fields, especially Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), due to their ability to analyze large
amounts of complex image data and perform classification. The objective of this review article is
to present an exhaustive study of techniques such as preprocessing, machine learning, and deep
learning that have been adopted in the last 15 years and based on it to present a detailed comparative
analysis. The challenges encountered by researchers in the past for tumor detection have been
discussed along with the future scopes that can be taken by the researchers as the future work. Clinical
challenges that are encountered have also been discussed, which are missing in existing review
articles.
Efficient Synthesis of Novel N-[4-Methyl-3-(4-(5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-
yl)phenyl)thiazol-2(3H)-ylidene]benzamide Hybrid Ring System as
Potential Antibacterial Agents
Authors: Rafique Hummera , Saeed Aamer , Naseem Muhammad , Riaz Tauqeer , Perveen Fouzia , Mumtaz Amara , Maalik Aneela , Sharif Muhammad
Published: September 2021

Background:

Heterocyclic compounds display versatile biological applications, so the aim of this paper was to prepare biologically important heterocycles with enhanced bacterial resistance and to evaluate for their various structural features that are responsible for their biological properties.

Objective:

The objective was to synthesize bacterial resistance compounds with enhanced antibacterial properties.

Method:

Ester moiety containing thiazole ring was converted into its hydrazide derivatives. These heterocyclic derivatives were cyclized into another ring oxadiazole; hence a hybrid ring system of two biologically active rings was prepared.

Result:

All the synthesized compounds were characterized by spectroscopic techniques and were screened for their antibacterial potential; they possess significant antibacterial activities.

Conclusion:

New hybrid heterocyclic ring systems were synthesized by cyclization of hydrazide derivatives by adopting two step strategy in good yields. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antioxidant activities; they showed moderate to significant activities. QSAR and Molecular docking studies were performed to determine the mode of interaction. Experimental and computational data is in accordance with the determined antibacterial activities.
Skin Tests for the Exploration of Hypersensitivity Reactions Associated with Iodinated Contrast Media
Authors: Zaiem Ahmed , Ben Hammamia Syrine , Ben Salem Fares , Charfi Ons , Aouinti Imen , Kastalli Sarrah , Aidli Sihem El , Badri Talel , Lakhoua Ghozlane , Mizouni Habiba
Published: September 2021

Background:

Iodinated contrast media (ICM) are responsible for multiple side effects, especially hypersensitivity reactions. These reactions can either be authentic allergies or non-allergic hypersensitivity reactions. Skin tests (prick and intradermal tests) are simple to perform and can be of great help, especially if the ICM needs to be re-used. The aim of the study was to assess the characteristics of the patients in whom skin tests were performed and the results of these tests.

Methods:

This is a retrospective study from June 2014 to June 2019. All included patients had at least one episode of hypersensitivity reaction to ICM and underwent skin tests.

Results:

We included 35 patients aged 18 to 85 years. The iopromide was the most implicated ICM. The reactions were mainly cutaneous (n=30) and immediate (n=27). The skin tests were negative, except for two patients. The re-use of ICM occurred in 11 patients: 9 with an ICM other than the one suspected and two patients with the same ICM. Among these patients, 5 did not have any premedication. Two of them had a second hypersensitivity reaction, the first with another ICM and the second with the same ICM.

Conclusion:

One of the main pillars of allergic exploration is ICM skin testing, not only to prevent a recurrence, but also to allow patients to benefit from ICM re-use, which are sometimes essential.
Hyperglycemia-Induced Immune System Disorders in Diabetes Mellitus
and the Concept of Hyperglycemic Memory of Innate Immune Cells: A
Perspective
Authors: Lisco Giuseppe , Giagulli Vito Angelo , De Pergola Giovanni , Guastamacchia Edoardo , Jirillo Emilio , Triggiani Vincenzo
Published: September 2021

Introduction:

wealth of information suggests that hyperglycemia plays a paramount
role in diabetes-related chronic complications. Notably, in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), a persistent
condition of hyperglycemia and altered insulin signaling seems to account for a status of
chronic low-grade inflammation [1]. This systemic inflammatory condition, in turn, depends on the
profound impairment of the immune machinery, especially in some corporeal districts such as the
adipose tissue, pancreatic islets, endothelia, and circulating leukocytes [2]. Interestingly, poor
glycemic control has been associated with cardiac autoimmunity in patients with Type 1 Diabetes
(T1DM), and cardiac autoantibody positivity is associated with an increased risk of Cardiovascular
Diseases (CVD) decades later. This condition also suggests a role for autoimmune mechanisms in
CVD development in patients with T1DM, possibly through inflammatory pathways [3]. Evidence
has been provided for an elevated release of cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1 beta and IL-6, as
well as chemokines (C-C motif Ligand 2 and IL-8) [4]. Of note, these mediators are responsible for
abnormal leukocyte trafficking into many tissues, contributing to insulin resistance, reduced insulin
secretion, and vascular complications [5, 6]. In fact, hyperglycemia in individuals with diabetes
mellitus is associated with higher circulating E-selectin, soluble Cell Adhesion Molecule (s-
CAM)-1, and vascular CAM-1 compared to normoglycemic healthy volunteers. Therefore, patients
with diabetes mellitus exhibit an exaggerated adhesion of leukocytes to endothelia, and this phenomenon
is related to hyperglycemia [7]. The increased production of advanced glycosylation end
products or AGEs activates a further cascade of noxious events with a massive generation of Reactive
Oxygen Radicals (ROS) and enhanced expression of CAMs [8].
Chemical Constituents of Functional Food Amomum villosum to Combat
Human Diseases
Authors: Zeng Yawen , Ali Muhammad Kazim , He Wei , Deng Lin , Yang Xiaomeng , Li Xia , Pu Xiaoying , Yang Jiazhen
Published: September 2021

Background:

Amomum villosum is an important medicinal and edible plant owing to its
valuable compositions of volatile and non-volatile compounds.

Objective :

The study was conducted to reveal the chemical constituents and medicinal values of A. villosum
against various diseases.

Methods :

A critical and comprehensive data mining from 2004 to 2021 was performed based on
CNKI, PubMed, and Google.

Results:

120 Compounds have been reported collectively in seeds, peels, and rhizomes of A. villosum,
10 compounds were common however the content of bornyl acetate was maximum in
seeds and peels. Similarly, Amomi fructus of China and Vietnam showed 59 different types of
volatile compounds while 13 were common, the round large black fruits (1.56% bornyl acetate
and 4.05% volatile oil) and long small red fruits type (1.64% bornyl acetate and 3.04% volatile
oil) from China showed good quality and high medicinal values. In addition, Amomi fructus manifested
30-40 kinds of nonvolatile compounds, i.e., phenolic, polysaccharides, saponins, flavonoid,
vanillic acid, catechin, epicatechin, polydatin, isoquercitrin, quercitrin, glycosides, inorganic and
organic acids.

Conclusion:

A. villosum is widely used as anti-inflammatory, gastrointestinal protection, antiobesity,
anticancer, antioxidant, analgesic, bacteriostasis, antidiabetic and anti-COVID-19, etc. So,
it is manifested that the fruit, flowers, roots, stems, and leaves of A. villosum can be used as a
medicine, especially fruit (Amomi fructus=Sharen), as the best functional food for the COVID-19
treatment and gastrointestinal protection as well as prevention of other diseases.
Microwave Induced Green Chemistry Approach Towards the Synthesis of
Heterocyclic Compounds via C-N Bond Forming Reactions
Authors: Banik Bimal Krishna , Sahoo Biswa Mohan , Kumar BVV Ravi , Panda Krishna Chandra
Published: September 2021

:

The synthesis of heterocyclic compounds via carbon-nitrogen (C-N) bond formation reaction
is considered an emerging and efficient protocol in the field of synthetic chemistry. The C–
N bond-forming reactions can proceed through condensation, coupling, ring-opening, cyclization,
or ring closure process, etc. The reactivity pattern of these reactions mainly depends upon the reaction
conditions, as well as the type of catalysts and reacting substances that are associated with the
synthesis of heterocyclic compounds containing the C-N system, including pyrazole, imidazole,
pyridine, pyrimidine, thiazole, tetrazole, isoxazole, benzothiazine, and benzimidazole, etc. Further,
the technique of microwave-induced synthesis becomes an alternative strategy for the sustainable
production of structurally diverse organic compounds. This method provides a cleaner reaction,
faster reaction rate, atom economy, and energy-efficiency. Therefore, the utilization of microwave
radiation in organic synthesis becomes resource-friendly and eco-friendly proces. It follows
the green chemistry approach by using safer solvents, renewable starting materials, and green
catalysts. The unique feature of this method is to generate various types of bioactive or medicinal
agents.