bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INFLUÊNCIA DA TOPOGRAFIA E DA ABERTURA DO DOSSEL NA ESTRUTURA DO COMPONENTE HERBÁCEO-ARBUSTIVO EM DOIS FRAGMENTOS FLORESTAIS NA PLANÍCIE DE INUNDAÇÃO DO ALTO RIO PARANÁ
Authors: Cruz Marcos Paulo da , Campos João Batista , Torezan José Marcelo Domingues
Published: April 2018

As florestas secundárias têm se expandido significativamente nos últimos anos. Dada a importância que as mesmas têm assumido nos planos de restauração e conservação, um entendimento mais abrangente sobre sua organização e funcionamento, levando em consideração as diferentes formas de vida, torna-se necessário. A fim de comparar a composição e estrutura do componente herbáceo-arbustivo entre dois fragmentos florestais com diferentes idades (RFID- remanescente florestal e FLT- floresta de 57 anos), bem como a influência relativa da topografia e abertura do dossel na organização da comunidade, dados vegetacionais e ambientais foram obtidos em 24 parcelas contíguas em cada área. Utilizaram-se correlogramas I de Moran e testes de Mantel parcial para verificar a correlação entre dados da comunidade e variáveis ambientais. Para testar diferenças entre as áreas amostrais aplicaram-se testes t de Student. As lianas mostraram-se espacialmente estruturadas (agregadas) em ambos os ambientes com um padrão semelhante ao observado para cota média. No RFID, as distâncias de cota média correlacionaram-se positivamente com as distâncias das matrizes, densidade de arbóreas e riqueza total e negativamente com as distâncias da matriz densidade de herbáceas, na FLT correlações significativas foram observadas somente entre as distâncias da matriz, densidade de arbóreas e as distâncias de desnível máximo e entre distâncias dos dados de cota e distâncias da matriz de riqueza total. Somente o componente arbustivo e abertura do dossel não apresentaram diferença significativa entre as duas áreas. A estrutura do estrato herbáceo-arbustivo tem se mostrado associada mais fortemente às características topográficas que à abertura do dossel.
A profanação dos dispositivos escolares e o jogo teatral
Authors: Almeida Patricia Neves de
Published: April 2018

A investigação apresenta uma prática teatral realizada com alunos de uma escola da rede municipal de ensino, do município de Boituva-SP, e surge de uma inquietação em relação à presença dos dispositivos de controle na escola, mais particularmente de uma escada e sua regra que restringe o acesso dos alunos. A hipótese é de que o teatro, especificamente o jogo teatral de Spolin (2003) tem a potencialidade de operar o que Agamben (2007) nomeia uma “profanação”. O estudo envolve a análise do conceito de dispositivo em Foucault (1979; 2004) e Agamben (2009); a descrição da prática intitulada “Experiência Teatral”; e a exposição dos relatos dos alunos, os quais revelam uma aproximação ao que se objetivava inicialmente: propiciar a reflexão sobre a existência dos dispositivos no cotidiano escolar, promovendo um novo uso deles, por meio da profanação da norma.
O acompanhante no alojamento conjunto da maternidade
Authors: Cardinali Fernanda , Aires Luana Cláudia dos Passos , Monticelli Marisa , Correia Diogo De Souza , Mendes Luciana , Alcântara Márcia Guimarães
Published: April 2018

Pesquisa qualitativa exploratório-descritiva, realizada no Alojamento Conjunto do Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, de agosto a novembro de 2010, com o objetivo de observar a inserção e as ações do acompanhante nessa unidade. Participaram 32 sujeitos. Da análise dos dados, coletados através da observação participante, emergiram seis categorias: a) O acompanhante na admissão e na alta; b) Receber e dar informações: a complexidade comunicacional na unidade; c) O difícil e consternado papel de coadjuvante no cuidado ao recém-nascido; d) A insubstituível ajuda no cuidado à puérpera; e) A solidariedade com as demais famílias; e f) Entre a vigília e o sono. Conclui-se que a inserção do acompanhante é ainda tímida, apesar do suporte prático e emocional que proporcionam às puérperas.
O cuidado de si no contexto da pessoa com deficiência
Authors: Girondi Juliana Balbinot Reis , Santos Silvia Maria Azevedo dos
Published: April 2018

O dimensionamento da deficiência no Brasil é difícil em razão dos poucos dados e informações disponíveis de abrangência nacional. Trata-se de um tema relevante no âmbito da saúde pública, embora a assistência a essa população se insira marginalmente no sistema de saúde. O artigo objetiva, a partir do pensamento de Michel Foucault, considerar a problemática da pessoa com deficiência e a ética do cuidado de si no processo de subjetivação e na arte da sua existência. Dedica suas reflexões também na contextualização da deficiência ao longo da história até a contemporaneidade. Conclui-se ser necessário romper com o conceito de subjetividade, em defesa de uma perspectiva do cuidado de si, enquanto uma instância que oportuniza a relação e o desenvolvimento da pessoa com deficiência consigo e com os outros. Dessa forma, permitindo-se novos modos de viver e de pensar sobre si mesmo.
Prevalência de flebites em pacientes adultos com cateter venoso periférico
Authors: Urbanetto Janete De Souza , Rodrigues Anderson Betile , Oliveira Dagoberto Jesus de , Dornelles Francisco Farina , Rosa Filho James Martins , Gustavo Andréia Silva , Schilling Maria Cristina Lore
Published: April 2018

Objetivo: verificar a prevalência de flebite e sua associação com aspectos sociodemográficos e relacionados ao cateter venoso periférico, em adultos internados em um hospital universitário. Método: estudo transversal, com uma amostra de 231 pacientes com acesso venoso periférico. Resultados: a prevalência de flebites foi de 24,7%, com maior concentração no grau 2 com 35,1%. Considerando o grau, encontrou-se estatística significativa (p=0,006) da flebite Grau 1 (92,3%) e 2 (65,0%) com tempo de permanência do cateter até 72 horas e da flebite Grau 3 (63,6%) e Grau 4 (69,2%) com tempo de permanência superior a 72 horas. Considerações finais: a alta prevalência de flebites nos pacientes estudados é preocupante. Discutir estes referenciais com a equipe de enfermagem, instituir indicadores de prevalência de flebites pode ser uma estratégia importante de acompanhamento da assistência de enfermagem/saúde.
Oferta de serviços assistenciais aos adolescentes em seis municípios da 12ª Coordenadoria Regional da Saúde
Authors: Oliveira Luciana Griebeler , Brum Zaleia Prado de , Oliveira Stefanie Griebeler , Wünsch Simone , Garcia Raquel Pötter , Simon Bruna Sodré , Brum Dyan Jamilles Teixeira
Published: April 2018

Este estudo objetivou conhecer a oferta de serviços de atenção aos adolescentes nos municípios da 12a Coordenadoria Regional de Saúde (CRS), na percepção dos enfermeiros e conselheiros tutelares. Tratou-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa. A amostra foi constituída de conselheiros tutelares e enfermeiros de seis dos 25 municípios de abrangência da 12ª CRS do Rio Grande do Sul. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada. Os dados foram organizados e posteriormente realizou-se a análise de conteúdo. Após essa etapa, emergiram duas categorias: Oferta de Serviços aos Adolescentes; e Oferta de Serviços para Adolescentes em Situação de Vulnerabilidade Social. Muitas ações são direcionadas aos adolescentes no âmbito da saúde, e nos âmbitos educativo, religioso ou social, todavia, na maioria dos municípios, essas ações não são articuladas. Foram apontadas também ações específicas para os adolescentes em vulnerabilidade social.
RECENT EVOLUTION OF THE CONSUMPTION OF ORGANIC FOOD PRODUCTS IN BELGIUM
Authors: BURNY Philippe
Published: April 2018

The consumption of organic food products in Belgium increased significantly andcontinuously between 2008 and 2016, growing from 1.5 % to 3.2% of the totalconsumers’ expenses for fresh food products. Nine percent of Belgian families buyorganic food products at least once per week and represent 60% of the totalexpenses. The total expenses per capita reached nearly 33€ in 2015. The mainexpenses concerned dairy products (6.72 €/capita), vegetables (5.57) and fruits(4.40). These expenses have been globally increasing. The market share of organicproducts considerably varies from one type of food products to another: it is thehighest for meat substitutes (24.6% in 2016) and eggs (14.0%), while it reaches3.0% for dairy products, 6.6% for vegetables and 4.3% for fruits. Thesepercentages have been globally increasing during the last years. Vegetable productshave been proportionally more sold than animal products compared to the situationin the conventional market. Supermarkets and specialized shops are the mostcommon distribution channels, direct sales on farms and open markets remainingmarginal. Families with high income and children and retired people with highincome are those who spend the most on organic food products. This evolution issupported by the Walloon government through the organic farming developmentplan.
EFFECT OF ORGANIC SUBSTRATES ON GINGER GROWTH, YIELD AND [6]-GINGEROL CONTENT CULTIVATED USING SOILLESS CULTURE SYSTEM
Authors: YASEER SUHAIMI Mohd , ADZEMI Mat Arshad , WAN ZALIHA Wan Sembok
Published: April 2018

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) belongs to a tropical and sub-tropicalZingiberaceae family, which originated from Southeast Asia. Ginger is one of themost widely used herbs contains several interesting bioactive constituentsincluding [6]-gingerol that has potent antioxidant activity and health promotingproperties. Substrates plays an important role for plants to growth in the soillessculture system. Given the nature of the substrate may play a crucial role indetermining water and nutrient availability for the plant and hence may affect themetabolic pathways involved in the synthesis of specific biochemical compounds,this study was conducted to determine the effects of organic soilless substrates suchas coir dust and burnt paddy husks on ginger growth, yield and [6]-gingerol contentusing soilless culture system. The treatments were arranged in a randomizedcomplete block design (RCBD) with five levels of treatment with three replicates.The treatments include, T1 = 100% coir dust; T2 = 100% burnt paddy husks; T3 =70% coir dust and 30% burnt paddy husks; T4 = 30% coir dust and 70% burntpaddy husks; and T5 = 50% coir dust and 50% burnt paddy husks. Results showedthat plant in T1 gave rise to highest rhizomes yield (5480  325 gm) compare toother treatments. Media containing high amount of coir dust (70 – 100%) showedgood growth and increased the rhizome yield up to 36% compared to thosecontaining high amount of burnt paddy husks. There was no significant differencebetween all treatments in term of [6]-gingerol content in the fresh and dry gingerrhizomes. The studies suggested that the secondary metabolites like [6]-gingerolcontent and accumulation were not affected by the substrates. It can be concludedthat 100% coir dust are the best substrates for growing ginger in soilless culturesystem.
INFLUENCE OF MANGANESE FERTILIZER ON GRAPES EFFICIENCY ON SANDY SOILS OF THE SOUTH RUSSIA
Authors: BATUKAEV Abdulmalik , MAGOMADOV Andy , CHAVANOV Musa , SUSHKOVA Svetlana , DERYABKINA TURINA Irina
Published: April 2018

As a result of the studies, there has been obtained a new information aboutmanganese influence on productivity of grape plantations on sandy soils of theSouth Russia. Manganese fertilizing of 4 kg active ingredient per 1 ha on thebackground addition of nitrogen 90 kg ha-1, phosphorus 90 kg ha-1 and potassium90 kg ha-1 into a phase of grape sap flow contributes to higher yields and increasethe sugar content of the berries with a significant decrease in juice acidity ascompared with other variants. On determining the average weight of the fruit massthere has been found that manganese stimulates growth of berries significantlyincreasing their weight. The greatest effect of manganese fertilizer insertion isachieved on introducing it into the phase of sap flow at a dose of 4 kg ha-1 on thebackground of N90, К90, Р90. In order to expedite the recovery of vineyardsdamaged by frosts to enhance the development of reproductive organs 4 kg ha-1manganese into the phase of sap flow must be introduced on sandy soils.
Fast and accurate edge orientation processing during object manipulation
Authors: Pruszynski J Andrew , Flanagan J Randall , Johansson Roland S
Published: April 2018

Quickly and accurately extracting information about a touched object’s orientation is a critical aspect of dexterous object manipulation. However, the speed and acuity of tactile edge orientation processing with respect to the fingertips as reported in previous perceptual studies appear inadequate in these respects. Here we directly establish the tactile system’s capacity to process edge-orientation information during dexterous manipulation. Participants extracted tactile information about edge orientation very quickly, using it within 200 ms of first touching the object. Participants were also strikingly accurate. With edges spanning the entire fingertip, edge-orientation resolution was better than 3° in our object manipulation task, which is several times better than reported in previous perceptual studies. Performance remained impressive even with edges as short as 2 mm, consistent with our ability to precisely manipulate very small objects. Taken together, our results radically redefine the spatial processing capacity of the tactile system.
CK1/Doubletime activity delays transcription activation in the circadian clock
Authors: Top Deniz , O'Neil Jenna L , Merz Gregory E , Dusad Kritika , Crane Brian R , Young Michael W
Published: April 2018

In the Drosophila circadian clock, Period (PER) and Timeless (TIM) proteins inhibit Clock-mediated transcription of per and tim genes until PER is degraded by Doubletime/CK1 (DBT)-mediated phosphorylation, establishing a negative feedback loop. Multiple regulatory delays within this feedback loop ensure ~24 hr periodicity. Of these delays, the mechanisms that regulate delayed PER degradation (and Clock reactivation) remain unclear. Here we show that phosphorylation of certain DBT target sites within a central region of PER affect PER inhibition of Clock and the stability of the PER/TIM complex. Our results indicate that phosphorylation of PER residue S589 stabilizes and activates PER inhibitory function in the presence of TIM, but promotes PER degradation in its absence. The role of DBT in regulating PER activity, stabilization and degradation ensures that these events are chronologically and biochemically linked, and contributes to the timing of an essential delay that influences the period of the circadian clock.
Kody odmienności kulturowej w literaturze szwedzkiej i jej przekładach. Na przykładzie Trylogii sztokholmskiej Jensa Lapidusa
Authors: Wasilewska-Chmura Magdalena
Published: April 2018

Artykuł podejmuje temat językowych reprezentacji kulturowej odmienności w literaturze szwedzkiej, przedstawiającej środowiska imigranckie i/lub rozwarstwione klasowo. Język, zarówno protagonistów jak i narracji, jest konstruktem literackim, który eksponuje jedynie niektóre elementy językowe (głównie leksykalne) jako relewantne  dla osiągnięcia pragmatycznego celu – efektu obcości. Przedmiotem artykułu jest analiza stylistyczna zastosowanych środków oraz strategie tłumaczy zmierzające do uzyskania ekwiwalencji funkcjonalnej.
Uso potencial do novo herbicida indaziflam em pomares de banana
Authors: Vital Silva Vanessa Francieli , Biffe Denis Fernando , Catapan Valdenir , Silva Vinicius Polesel , Baladeli Rodrigo Barilari , Cuba André Lucas Faccin
Published: April 2018

O controle de planta daninhas é um trato cultural essencial para o desenvolvimento adequado das bananeiras, entretanto, existem poucas opções de herbicidas registrados para a cultura. A partir deste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a seletividade e a eficiência do novo herbicida indaziflam em pré-emergência das plantas daninhas quando aplicado em jato dirigido às entrelinhas da cultura da banana, visando ao controle de Conyza bonariensis, Digitaria horizontalis e Cenchrus echinatus. O experimento foi realizado a campo no delineamento em blocos ao acaso, avaliando-se sete tratamentos com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pelo indaziflam aplicado em pré-emergência nas doses de 50, 75, 100 e 125 g ha-1 i.a; pelo glyphosate aplicado em pós-emergência (1920 g ha-1 e.a); além de uma testemunha absoluta (sem capina e sem herbicida) e de uma testemunha capinada. O indaziflam nas doses de 75, 100 e 125 g ha-1 i.a proporcionou excelente controle de todas as plantas daninhas presentes por um período de 120 dias após a aplicação. Todas as doses de indaziflam aplicadas em pré-emergência das plantas daninhas na entrelinha da cultura da banana foram seletivas, não havendo nenhum sintoma de injúria visual ou efeito negativo na produtividade, o que indica que este novo herbicida apresenta potencial de utilização nesta cultura.
Microfluidics in Malignant Glioma Research and Precision Medicine
Authors: Logun Meghan , Zhao Wujun , Mao Leidong , Karumbaiah Lohitash
Published: April 2018

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive form of brain cancer that has no effective treatments and a prognosis of only 12–15 months. Microfluidic technologies deliver microscale control of fluids and cells, and have aided cancer therapy as point‐of‐care devices for the diagnosis of breast and prostate cancers. However, a few microfluidic devices are developed to study malignant glioma. The ability of these platforms to accurately replicate the complex microenvironmental and extracellular conditions prevailing in the brain and facilitate the measurement of biological phenomena with high resolution and in a high‐throughput manner could prove useful for studying glioma progression. These attributes, coupled with their relatively simple fabrication process, make them attractive for use as point‐of‐care diagnostic devices for detection and treatment of GBM. Here, the current issues that plague GBM research and treatment, as well as the current state of the art in glioma detection and therapy, are reviewed. Finally, opportunities are identified for implementing microfluidic technologies into research and diagnostics to facilitate the rapid detection and better therapeutic targeting of GBM.
Effect of Solution Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of A356.2 Aluminum Alloy Treated With Al–Sr–La Master Alloy
Authors: Ding Jian , Miao Sainan , Ma Baojun , Xia Xingchuan , Qiu Chuanrong , Chen Xueguang
Published: April 2018

Morphology and mechanical performances of A356.2 aluminum alloy under solution treatment are important for its application, specifically for alloys treated with newly‐developed combined refiner‐modifier. In this work, effect of solution temperature, solution time, and quenching medium temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of A356.2 aluminum alloy treated with Al–6Sr–7La master alloy are investigated. Results show that eutectic silicon undergo disintegration, spheroidization, and coarsening stages with solution temperature increasing. Volume fraction of eutectic silicon decreases gradually with solution temperature increasing from 495 to 550 °C, while secondary dendritic arm spacing (SDAS) increases gradually during this process. At the solution temperature of 540 °C, aspect ratio of eutectic silicon approached to about 1.3 and eutectic silicon undergo spheroidization and coarsening stages with extension of solution time. Moreover, SDAS increases with increasing of quenching medium temperature, which affects the ultimate tensile strength (UTS), yield strength (YS), and elongation (EL) of the alloy, especially for tensile strength and elongation. Optimal solution parameters for A356.2 aluminum alloy treated with Al–6Sr–7La are obtained and the reasons are discussed.
Dendritic Fe3O4@Poly(dopamine)@PAMAM Nanocomposite as Controllable NO‐Releasing Material: A Synergistic Photothermal and NO Antibacterial Study
Authors: Yu Siming , Li Guowei , Liu Rui , Ma Dong , Xue Wei
Published: April 2018

Nowadays, antibiotic abuse increases the emergence of multidrug‐resistant bacterial strains, which is the major reason for the failure of conventional antibiotic therapies. Therefore, developing novel antibacterial materials or therapies is an urgent demand. In the present study, photothermal and NO‐releasing properties are integrated into a single nanocomposite to realize more efficient bactericidal effects. To this end, polydopamine (PDA) coated iron oxide nanocomposite (Fe3O4@PDA) is used as a photoconversion agent and the core, first three generation dendritic poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM‐G3) is grafted on the surface of Fe3O4@PDA, and subsequently NO is loaded with the formation of NONOate. The resultant Fe3O4@PDA@PAMAM@NONOate displays controllable NO release property under intermittent 808 nm laser irradiation and excellent bacteria‐separation efficiency. Moreover, excellent synergistic photothermal and NO antibacterial effects are observed against both Gram‐negative Escherichia coli and Gram‐positive Staphylococcus aureus, where bacterial viability and biofilm are significantly reduced. An antibacterial mechanism study reveals that the materials first adsorb onto the bacterial membrane, then cause damage to the membrane by the increased local temperature and the released NO under laser irradiation conditions, finally leak the intracellular components like DNA and induce bacteria death. The work provides a novel way for designing of antibacterial materials with higher efficiency.
Phase Transition Control for High Performance Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Xu , Munir Rahim , Xu Zhuo , Liu Yucheng , Tsai Hsinhan , Nie Wanyi , Li Jianbo , Niu Tianqi , Smilgies Detlef‐M. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. , Mohite Aditya D. , Zhao Kui , Amassian Aram , Liu Shengzhong (Frank)
Published: April 2018

Ruddlesden–Popper reduced‐dimensional hybrid perovskite (RDP) semiconductors have attracted significant attention recently due to their promising stability and excellent optoelectronic properties. Here, the RDP crystallization mechanism in real time from liquid precursors to the solid film is investigated, and how the phase transition kinetics influences phase purity, quantum well orientation, and photovoltaic performance is revealed. An important template‐induced nucleation and growth of the desired (BA)2(MA)3Pb4I13 phase, which is achieved only via direct crystallization without formation of intermediate phases, is observed. As such, the thermodynamically preferred perpendicular crystal orientation and high phase purity are obtained. At low temperature, the formation of intermediate phases, including PbI2 crystals and solvate complexes, slows down intercalation of ions and increases nucleation barrier, leading to formation of multiple RDP phases and orientation randomness. These insights enable to obtain high quality (BA)2(MA)3Pb4I13 films with preferentially perpendicular quantum well orientation, high phase purity, smooth film surface, and improved optoelectronic properties. The resulting devices exhibit high power conversion efficiency of 12.17%. This work should help guide the perovskite community to better control Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite structure and further improve optoelectronic and solar cell devices.
Tunable Contact Angle Hysteresis for Component Placement on Stretchable Superhydrophobic Surfaces
Authors: Balan Catalin Mihai , Vlandas Alexis , Senez Vincent
Published: April 2018

One of the promising strategies to achieve high performance flexible electronics is to integrate high performance components (micro‐electro‐mechanical systems, integrated circuit, etc.) on a flexible substrate. The heterointegration of fragile high performance components, for example, thinned down 100 GHz silicon technology, necessitate however methodologies to place these components on the substrate while exerting as little force as possible to prevent any damage from occurring. In this work, a novel approach is presented for component positioning by capillary assembly on a smart flexible substrate composed of two layers of polymers. It is shown how the wettability of the surface can be engineered by combining stretching induced deformation of the top layer with plasma treatment. Using magnetically actuated ferrofluid droplets which carry the silicon chip shows how it can be aligned and deposited at predetermined sites on these substrates. It is demonstrated that unlike standard capillary alignment which relies on a hydrophobic/hydrophilic contrast, in this case deposition is controlled by surface adhesion contrast between the site and the rest of the substrate. Furthermore, it is explained how deposition sites can be selectively activated through localized stretching thus producing generic smart substrates on which precise depositions sites can be activated according to the needs of the end user.
Low Work Function Surface Modifiers for Solution‐Processed Electronics: A Review
Authors: Peng Xiang , Hu Lin , Qin Fei , Zhou Yinhua , Chu Paul K.
Published: April 2018

Interfaces with a low work function are crucial to electron injection and collection in semiconducting devices such as diodes and transistors, and many types of surface modifiers have been developed to tailor the work functions of electronic devices. In this review, the basic and working mechanisms of low work function surface modifiers covering the surface dipole, low intrinsic bulk work function, doping, and self‐doping are described. Efficient solution‐processed surface modifiers developed lately to modify target surfaces are described and recent development of solution‐processed semiconducting devices including organic (quantum dots and perovskite) solar cells, light‐emitting diodes, field‐effect transistors, and organic photodetectors is summarized. Finally, the prospects and strategies to produce efficient and reliable low work function modifiers for solution‐processed semiconducting devices compatible with low‐cost fabrication techniques such as printing are presented.
Light‐Responsive Chemistry to Enable Tunable Interface‐Dependent Mechanical Properties in Composites
Authors: Gardea Frank , Huang Zhongjie , Glaz Bryan , Karna Shashi P. , Cheng Xiyuan , Peng Zhiwei , Wang YuHuang
Published: April 2018

This work shows the potential of using stimuli‐responsive interfacial adhesion as a means to control interface‐dependent properties in nanocomposites, which could enable interesting applications, such as remote shaping of structural materials, adaptive soft robotics, and tunable intrinsic material damping. In this approach, covalent interfacial bonding is triggered by exposure to an ultraviolet light stimulus, while the degree of interfacial interaction is varied with irradiation duration. To demonstrate the applicability of the technique, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is considered with carbon nanotube (CNT) fillers functionalized with the photoreactive molecule benzophenone. For this specific exemplar material system, the elastic modulus increases by as much as 93%, along with substantial increases in yield stress. The variation with irradiation time is shown to provide the high degree of spatial control needed to engineer heterogeneous materials with desired behavior. While the technique developed in this work is demonstrated on a CNT/PDMS system, the chemistry is generally applicable to a variety of organic filler/matrix combinations, expanding the utility of this interfacial control method to a wide range of material systems. Due to the amenability of this approach to layer‐by‐layer construction, this work shows the potential as an additive manufacturing technique for engineering materials on‐demand with necessary heterogeneous make‐ups.
Wavelength Selective Photodetectors Integrated on a Single Composition‐Graded Semiconductor Nanowire
Authors: Hu Xuelu , Liu Huawei , Wang Xiao , Zhang Xuehong , Shan Zhengping , Zheng Weihao , Li Honglai , Wang Xiaoxia , Zhu Xiaoli , Jiang Ying , Zhang Qinglin , Zhuang Xiujuan , Pan Anlian
Published: April 2018

Nanoscale wavelength sensitive photodetectors based on single nanostructures are of significance for realizing future integrated optoelectronic devices. In this work, wavelength selective photodetectors integrated on a single composition‐graded CdSxSe1−x nanowire are realized. The photodetectors show an obvious illumination wavelength related rectifying effect, which can be ascribed to the graded composition along the wire. By spatially resolved photocurrent imaging, it is shown that the photoresponse of composition‐graded photodetectors is not restricted to the near contact regions, but can be extended to the whole nanowire due to the active optical waveguide to the narrow bandgap contact. Furthermore, by fabricating multielectrodes at different sections of the composition‐graded nanowire, multi‐photodetectors with tunable wavelength response ranges and selective rectified ratio at different wavelengths are realized. This work provides a deeper understanding of the dynamics of photogenerated carriers in bandgap‐engineered nanostructure photodetectors and opens the path to promising potential applications in integrated photonic and optoelectronic devices.
Carrier Transport and Recombination in Efficient “All‐Small‐Molecule” Solar Cells with the Nonfullerene Acceptor IDTBR
Authors: Liang Ru‐Ze , Babics Maxime , Savikhin Victoria , Zhang Weimin , Le Corre Vincent M. , Lopatin Sergei , Kan Zhipeng , Firdaus Yuliar , Liu Shengjian , McCulloch Iain , Toney Michael F. , Beaujuge Pierre M.
Published: April 2018

Reaching device efficiencies that can rival those of polymer‐fullerene Bulk Heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells (>10%) remains challenging with the “All‐Small‐Molecule” (All‐SM) approach, in part because of (i) the morphological limitations that prevail in the absence of polymer and (ii) the difficulty to raise and balance out carrier mobilities across the active layer. In this report, the authors show that blends of the SM donor DR3TBDTT (DR3) and the nonfullerene SM acceptor O‐IDTBR are conducive to “All‐SM” BHJ solar cells with high open‐circuit voltages (VOC) >1.1 V and PCEs as high as 6.4% (avg. 6.1%) when the active layers are subjected to a post‐processing solvent vapor‐annealing (SVA) step with dimethyl disulfide (DMDS). Combining electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) analyses and systematic carrier recombination examinations, the authors show that SVA treatments with DMDS play a determining role in improving charge transport and reducing non‐geminate recombination for the DR3:O‐IDTBR system. Correlating the experimental results and device simulations, it is found that substantially higher BHJ solar cell efficiencies of >12% can be achieved if the IQE and carrier mobilities of the active layer are increased to >85% and >10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively, while suppressing the recombination rate constant k to <10−12 cm3 s−1.
Improving Occupational Health Disparity Research: Testing a method to estimate race and ethnicity in a working population
Authors: Smith Caroline K. , Bonauto David K.
Published: April 2018

Background

Race and ethnicity data are often absent from administrative and health insurance databases. Indirect estimation methods to assign probability scores for race and ethnicity to insurance records may help identify occupational health inequities.

Methods

We compared race and ethnicity estimates from the Bayesian Improved Surname Geocoding (BISG) formula to self‐reported race and ethnicity from 1132 workers.

Results

The accuracy of the BISG using gender stratified regression models adjusted for worker age and industry were excellent for White and Latino males and Latino females, good for Black and Asian Pacific Islander males and White and Asian Pacific Islander females. American Indian/Alaskan Native and those who indicated they were “Other” or “More than one race” were poorly identified.

Conclusion

The BISG estimation method was accurate for White, Black, Latino, and Asian Pacific Islanders in a sample of workers. Using the BISG in administrative datasets will expand research into occupational health disparities.
Highly functionalized thermoplastic polyurethane from surface click reactions
Authors: Choi Jihyun , Moon Da Som , Ryu Sam Gon , Lee Bumjae , Lee Kyung Jin
Published: April 2018

Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) functionalized with azido groups is useful because not only it allows the convenient introduction of various desired functional groups via the azide–alkyne click reaction, but also it is elastic, flexible, and easily proccessable. However, after undergoing click reaction with useful functional groups on polymer chain directly, the polymer becomes hard and non‐soluble in organic solvents, losing its useful properties. Therefore, a surface click reaction is performed on the azido TPU electrospun fiber to introduce specific functional groups (here amine and guanidine for catalytic reaction). The amine‐ and guanidine‐treated TPU fibers effectively convert diisopropyl fluorophosphates—the simulant of toxic nerve gases—and 2,2‐dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate—one of the insecticides to a non‐toxic product via decontamination by hydrolysis, with the amine and guanidine functional groups acting as nucleophilic catalysts. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46519.
Nonlinear and Adaptive Intelligent Control Techniques for Quadrotor UAV – A Survey
Authors: Mo Hongwei , Farid Ghulam
Published: April 2018

Parametric uncertainties and coupled nonlinear dynamics are inherent in quadrotor configuration and infer adaptive nonlinear approaches to be used for flight control system. Numerous adaptive nonlinear and intelligent control techniques, which have been reported in the literature for designing quadrotor flight controller by various researchers, are investigated in this paper. As a priori, each conventional nonlinear control technique is discussed broadly and then its adaptive/observer based augmentation is conferred along with all possible variants. Among conventional nonlinear control approaches, feedback linearization, backstepping, sliding mode, and model predictive control, are studied. Intelligent control approaches incorporating fuzzy logic and neural networks are also discussed. In addition to adaption based parametric uncertainty handling, various other aspects of each control technique regarding stability, disturbance rejection, response time, asymptotic, exponential and finite time convergence etc., are discussed in sufficient depth. The contribution of this paper is the provision of detailed and in depth discussion on quadrotor nonlinear control approaches to the flight control designers.
Active Vibration Control for a Flexible‐Link Manipulator with Input Constraint Based on a Disturbance Observer
Authors: Yang Hongjun , Liu Jinkun
Published: April 2018

This paper mainly focuses on designing an active vibration control for a flexible‐link manipulator in the presence of input constraint and unknown spatially infinite dimensional disturbances. The manipulator we studied can be taken as an Euler–Bernoulli beam, the dynamic model of which has the form of partial differential equations. As the existence of spatially infinite dimensional disturbances on the beam, we first design a disturbance observer to estimate infinite dimensional disturbances. The proposed disturbance observer is guaranteed exponentially stable. Then, taking input saturation into account, a novel disturbance‐observer‐based controller is developed to regulate the joint angular position and rapidly suppress vibrations on the beam, which is the main contribution of this study. The closed‐loop system is validated asymptotically stable by theoretical analysis. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is demonstrated by numerical simulations.
Efficient purification of human transmembrane protein, mutant hMC4R TM2
Authors: Kim Ji‐Sun , Cho Seong‐Jin , Jang Hyeon‐Jun , Kim Yongae
Published: April 2018

The human melanocortin‐4 receptor (hMC4R) is a receptor of the alpha‐melanocyte stimulating hormone (α‐MSH) which regulates food intake and energy consumption. It is therefore considered to be a main part of human energy homeostasis and body weight. It has been reported that a D90N mutation in the second transmembrane domain (TM2) was especially found in the patients with severe‐early onset obesity. We expressed the mutant types of hMC4R TM2 (m‐hMC4R TM2) to consider the relationship between the function and the structure. When the expressed m‐hMC4R TM2 was purified, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was used as a detergent in a fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) system to separate the protein based on its hydrophobicity. However, SDS binds too strongly to m‐hMC4R TM2, interfering with the various techniques used for structural characterization. Thus, we discovered more efficient SDS removal methods by using KCl‐SDS precipitation, resulting in improved resolution and sensitivity of the analytical techniques. The high yield of m‐hMC4R TM2 obtained from the diverse optimizations was confirmed and characterized by various techniques such as CD, MALDI‐TOF MS, and solution NMR spectroscopy.
Environmental rating of oil and gas companies in Russia: How assessment affects environmental transparency and performance
Authors: Shvarts E. , Pakhalov A. , Knizhnikov A. , Ametistova L.
Published: April 2018

The article discusses the evolution and current state of transparency of environmental performance data in the Russian Oil and Gas sector. We build upon our first‐hand experience in a transparent, publicly available information and third‐party‐verified rating system. Based on 2014–16 successive annual ratings, we conclude that implementing “soft” responsibility mechanisms can improve environmental responsibility standards and transparency in the oil and gas industry. At the same time, in terms of improving environmental performance of oil and gas companies it is reasonable to assume an emerging trend. Its full realization will require (1) longer rating time, including that for public exposure to misleading environmental performance information and the use of poorly verified nonfinancial reporting; (2) application of independent analysis of satellite monitoring information to the professional audit and public verification of nonfinancial reporting; and (3) sophistication of guidelines for professional audit and public verification of nonfinancial reports.
Photoredox Catalytic Activation of Sulfur Hexafluoride for Pentafluorosulfanylation of α‐Methyl‐ and α‐Phenyl Styrene
Authors: Rombach David , Wagenknecht Hans‐Achim
Published: April 2018

Sulfur hexafluoride is inert, non‐toxic, and cannot simply be applied as pentafluorosulfanylation reagent. We present the first photoredox catalytic way to convert it into pentafluorosulfanylated α‐methyl and α‐phenyl styrenes simply by using light. The work tackles the challenges of precise activation of sulfur hexafluoride by a photoredox catalyst with designed consecutive electron transfer cycles in a fashion that styrenes trap the generated pentafluorosulfanyl radical. The method overcomes the highly problematic access to vinylic and allylic pentafluorosulfanyl styrenes and combines it with the disposal of the most potent greenhouse gas. Together with the use of light as energy source, an exceptionally high level of sustainability is gained.
Precursor‐Based Synthesis of Porous Colloidal Particles towards Highly Efficient Catalysts
Authors: Zheng Yun , Geng Hongbo , Zhang Yufei , Chen Libao , Li Cheng Chao
Published: April 2018

In recent years, porous colloidal particles have found promising applications in catalytic fields, such as photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, industrial and automotive byproducts removal, as well as biomass upgrading. These applications are critical for alleviating the energy crisis and environmental pollution. Porous colloidal particles have remarkable specific areas and abundant reactive sites, which can significantly improve the mass/charge transport and reaction rate in catalysis. Precursor‐based synthesis is among the most facile and widely‐adopted methods to achieve monodisperse and homogeneous porous colloidal particles. In the current review, we briefly introduce the general catalytic applications of porous colloidal particles. The conventional precursor‐based methods are reviewed to design state‐of‐the‐art porous colloidal particles as highly efficient catalysts. The recent development of porous colloidal particles derived from metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), glycerates, carbonate precursors, and ion exchange methods are reviewed. In the end, the current concerns and future development of porous colloidal particles are outlined.
Integrating Agriculture and Health Research for Development: LCIRAH as an Interdisciplinary Programme to Address a Global Challenge
Authors: Waage Jeff , Cornelsen Laura , Dangour Alan D. , Green Rosemary , Häsler Barbara , Hull Elizabeth , Johnston Deborah , Kadiyala Suneetha , Lock Karen , Shankar Bhavani , Smith Richard D. , Walls Helen L.
Published: April 2018

The multiple burdens of persistent undernutrition and micronutrient deficiencies, along with the rapidly growing rates of overweight, obesity, and associated chronic diseases, are major challenges globally. The role of agriculture and the food system in meeting these challenges is very poorly understood. Achieving food security and addressing malnutrition in all its forms, a Sustainable Development Goal, requires an understanding of how changing food systems affect health outcomes and the development of new tools to design and evaluate interventions. An interinstitutional programme to address this interdisciplinary research challenge is described. Over the past seven years, the Leverhulme Centre for Integrative Research on Agriculture and Health has built a portfolio of successful and innovative research, trained a new cadre of interdisciplinary researchers in “Agri‐Health,” and built an international research community with a particular focus on strengthening research capacity in low‐ and middle‐income countries. The evolution of this programme is described, and key factors contributing to its success are discussed that may be of general value in designing interdisciplinary research programmes directed at supporting global development goals.
Relations between structural and EEG‐based graph metrics in healthy controls and schizophrenia patients
Authors: Gomez‐Pilar Javier , de Luis‐García Rodrigo , Lubeiro Alba , de la Red Henar , Poza Jesús , Núñez Pablo , Hornero Roberto , Molina Vicente
Published: April 2018

Our aim was to assess structural and functional networks in schizophrenia patients; and the possible prediction of the latter based on the former. The possible dependence of functional network properties on structural alterations has not been analyzed in schizophrenia. We applied averaged path‐length (PL), clustering coefficient, and density (D) measurements to data from diffusion magnetic resonance and electroencephalography in 39 schizophrenia patients and 79 controls. Functional data were collected for the global and theta frequency bands during an odd‐ball task, prior to stimulus delivery and at the corresponding processing window. Connectivity matrices were constructed from tractography and registered cortical segmentations (structural) and phase‐locking values (functional). Both groups showed a significant electroencephalographic task‐related modulation (change between prestimulus and response windows) in the global and theta bands. Patients showed larger structural PL and prestimulus density in the global and theta bands, and lower PL task‐related modulation in the theta band. Structural network values predicted prestimulus global band values in controls and global band task‐related modulation in patients. Abnormal functional values found in patients (prestimulus density in the global and theta bands and task‐related modulation in the theta band) were not predicted by structural data in this group. Structural and functional network abnormalities respectively predicted cognitive performance and positive symptoms in patients. Taken together, the alterations in the structural and functional theta networks in the patients and the lack of significant relations between these alterations, suggest that these types of network abnormalities exist in different groups of schizophrenia patients.
First Examples of Povarov Reaction of Cyclopentadienones
Authors: Benmeddah Amel , Bar Nathalie , Villemin Didier , Lohier Jean‐François , Mostefa‐Kara Bachir , Legay Rémi
Published: April 2018

We describe herein the first examples of Povarov reaction of tetrasubstituted cyclopentadienones in the preparation of quinoline compounds. Polycyclic compounds bearing tetrahydro‐3H‐cyclopenta[c]quinoline and dihydro‐1H‐cyclopenta[c]naphtha[2,3‐h]quinoline moieties have been synthesized by one pot reaction of tetrasubstituted cyclopentadienones with N‐arylamines and formaldehyde in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid. The control of the regioselectivity was total as well with symmetrical and non symmetrical cyclopentadienones. The X‐ray structures of new quinolines were reported.
Water Management to Enhance Ecosystem Services in a Coastal Wetland in Taiwan
Authors: Kuo Pin‐Han , Wang Hsiao‐Wen
Published: April 2018

Wetlands provide multiple ecosystem services, and wetland hydrology is one of the key determinants of wetland function. Budai Salt Pan Wetland provides at least 11 ecosystem services, i.e. food provision, genetic materials, climate regulation, water purification and treatment, natural hazard regulation, pollination, spiritual and inspirational, recreational, aesthetic, educational and nutrient cycling. As the wetland is completely encompassed by dikes, there is no natural hydrological connectivity, and the wetland frequently dries out during the dry season due to lack of management and insufficient rainfall. In order to enhance wetland function, including habitat quality and ecosystem services, this study created a water management plan which mimics nature through water gate operation. We conducted experimental gate operations and evaluated the potential impacts on ecosystem services. The results show a positive impact on two of the ecosystem services, climate regulation and genetic materials, due to the increased moisture content and feeding bird individuals after gate operation. There was an insignificant change in the natural hazard regulation service as the gate operation tested in this study addressed issues of water supply rather than increasing detention space through draining. Through mimicking nature, sustainable water management techniques have the potential to enhance ecosystem services in wetlands. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A practical toxicity bioassay for vicine and convicine levels in faba bean (Vicia faba)
Authors: Getachew Fitsum , Vandenberg Albert , Smits Judit
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND

Faba bean (Vicia faba) vicine and convicine (V–C) aglycones (divicine and isouramil respectively) provoke an acute hemolytic anemia called favism in individuals with a glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) enzyme defect in their red blood cells. Geneticists/plant breeders are working with faba bean to decrease V–C levels to improve public acceptance of this high‐protein pulse crop. Here, we present a fast and simple ex vivo in vitro bioassay for V–C toxicity testing of faba bean or faba bean food products.

RESULTS

We have shown that 1,3‐bis (2‐chloroethyl)‐1‐nitrosourea (BCNU)‐treated (i.e., sensitized) normal red blood cells, like G6PD‐defective blood, displayed (i) continuous glutathione (GSH) depletion with no regeneration as incubation time and the dose of aglycones increased, (ii) progressive accumulation of denatured hemoglobin products into high molecular weight (HMW) proteins with increased aglycone dose, (iii) both band 3 membrane proteins and hemichromes, in HMW protein aggregates. We have also demonstrated that sensitized red blood cells can effectively differentiate various levels of toxicity among faba bean varieties through the two hemolysis biomarkers: GSH depletion and HMW clumping.

CONCLUSION

BCNU‐sensitized red blood cells provide an ideal model for favism blood, to assess and compare the toxicity of faba bean varieties and their food products. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry