bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parker Solar Probe Imaging of the Night Side of Venus
Authors: Wood Brian E. , Hess Phillip , Lustig‐Yaeger Jacob , Gallagher Brendan , Korwan Daniel , Rich Nathan , Stenborg Guillermo , Thernisien Arnaud , Qadri Syed N. , Santiago Freddie , Peralta Javier , Arney Giada N. , Izenberg Noam R. , Vourlidas Angelos , Linton Mark G. , Howard Russell A. , Raouafi Nour E.
Published: February 2022

We present images of Venus from the Wide‐Field Imager for Parker Solar Probe (WISPR) telescope on board the Parker Solar Probe (PSP) spacecraft, obtained during PSP's third and fourth flybys of Venus on 2020 July 11 and 2021 February 20, respectively. Thermal emission from the surface is observed on the night side, representing the shortest wavelength observations of this emission ever, the first detection of the Venusian surface by an optical telescope observing below 0.8 μm. Consistent with previous observations at 1 μm, the cooler highland areas are fainter than the surrounding lowlands. The irradiances measured by WISPR are consistent with model predictions assuming a surface temperature of T = 735 K. In addition to the thermal emission, the WISPR images also show bright nightglow emission at the limb, and we compare the WISPR intensities with previous spectroscopic measurements of the molecular oxygen nightglow lines from Venus Express.
A longitudinal study of changes in new dental graduates' engagement with evidence-based practice during their transition to professional practice
Authors: Al-Yaseen Waraf , Nanjappa Sucharita , Jindal-Snape Divya , Innes Nicola
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Introduction Clinicians' use, interpretation and application of evidence in everyday practice is fundamental to their delivery of appropriate, contemporary, high-quality dentistry. Little is known about whether new dental graduates' (NDGs') perspectives and use of evidence-based practice (EBP) change when they enter professional practice.

Aim To explore changes in NDGs' perception of EBP for: self-efficacy; knowledge of EBP principles; attitudes; confidence in appraisal skills; and frequency of accessing evidence.

Methods Two pre-validated instruments: knowledge, attitude, confidence and accessing EBP resources, EBP confidence scale, and clinical scenarios. NDGs from one dental school completed the questionnaire upon graduation (R1) and six to nine months into vocational dental training (R2).

Results Response rates of R1 were 34 (52%) and R2, 21 (62% of R1, 32% overall). Between R1 and R2, knowledge (median [25th-75th percentiles]: R1 = 4 [2.5-4]; R2 = 3 [2.8-3], p = 0.07), self-efficacy (R1 = 645 [587-782]; R2 = 630 [550-690], p = 0.8) and scores related to knowledge of gold standards were comparable. However, attitude (R1 = 38 [34-39], R2 = 27 [25-30]), confidence in appraisal skills (R1 = 16 [14-20], R2 = 11[8-16]) and frequency of accessing evidence (R1 = 26 [22-28]; R2 = 18 [16-19]) all showed statistically significant reductions.

Conclusion After six months in professional practice, NDGs showed statistically significant reductions in the value they place on EBP, their EBP-related skills and their use of reliable evidence sources. There were no differences in their 'self-efficacy' knowledge of EBP principles.
Combining p53 mRNA nanotherapy with immune checkpoint blockade reprograms the immune microenvironment for effective cancer therapy
Authors: Xiao Yuling , Chen Jiang , Zhou Hui , Zeng Xiaodong , Ruan Zhiping , Pu Zhangya , Jiang Xingya , Matsui Aya , Zhu Lingling , Amoozgar Zohreh , Chen Dean Shuailin , Han Xiangfei , Duda Dan G. , Shi Jinjun
Published: February 2022

Immunotherapy with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has shown limited benefits in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and other cancers, mediated in part by the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). As p53 loss of function may play a role in immunosuppression, we herein examine the effects of restoring p53 expression on the immune TME and ICB efficacy. We develop and optimize a CXCR4-targeted mRNA nanoparticle platform to effectively induce p53 expression in HCC models. Using p53-null orthotopic and ectopic models of murine HCC, we find that combining CXCR4-targeted p53 mRNA nanoparticles with anti-PD-1 therapy effectively induces global reprogramming of cellular and molecular components of the immune TME. This effect results in improved anti-tumor effects compared to anti-PD-1 therapy or therapeutic p53 expression alone. Thus, our findings demonstrate the reversal of immunosuppression in HCC by a p53 mRNA nanomedicine when combined with ICB and support the implementation of this strategy for cancer treatment.
Immune signature of acute pharyngitis in a Streptococcus pyogenes human challenge trial
Authors: Anderson Jeremy , Imran Samira , Frost Hannah R. , Azzopardi Kristy I. , Jalali Sedigheh , Novakovic Boris , Osowicki Joshua , Steer Andrew C. , Licciardi Paul V. , Pellicci Daniel G.
Published: February 2022

Streptococcus pyogenescauses at least 750 million infections and more than 500,000 deaths each year. No vaccine is currently available forS. pyogenesand the use of human challenge models offer unique and exciting opportunities to interrogate the immune response to infectious diseases. Here, we use high-dimensional flow cytometric analysis and multiplex cytokine and chemokine assays to study serial blood and saliva samples collected during the early immune response in human participants following challenge withS. pyogenes. We find an immune signature of experimental human pharyngitis characterised by: 1) elevation of serum IL-1Ra, IL-6, IFN-γ, IP-10 and IL-18; 2) increases in peripheral blood innate dendritic cell and monocyte populations; 3) reduced circulation of B cells and CD4+ T cell subsets (Th1, Th17, Treg, TFH) during the acute phase; and 4) activation of unconventional T cell subsets, γδTCR + Vδ2+ T cells and MAIT cells. These findings demonstrate thatS. pyogenesinfection generates a robust early immune response, which may be important for host protection. Together, these data will help advance research to establish correlates of immune protection and focus the evaluation of vaccines.
Dynamic Runx1 chromatin boundaries affect gene expression in hematopoietic development
Authors: Owens Dominic D. G. , Anselmi Giorgio , Oudelaar A. Marieke , Downes Damien J. , Cavallo Alessandro , Harman Joe R. , Schwessinger Ron , Bucakci Akin , Greder Lucas , de Ornellas Sara , Jeziorska Danuta , Telenius Jelena , Hughes Jim R. , de Bruijn Marella F. T. R.
Published: February 2022

The transcription factor RUNX1 is a critical regulator of developmental hematopoiesis and is frequently disrupted in leukemia. Runx1 is a large, complex gene that is expressed from two alternative promoters under the spatiotemporal control of multiple hematopoietic enhancers. To dissect the dynamic regulation of Runx1 in hematopoietic development, we analyzed its three-dimensional chromatin conformation in mouse embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation cultures. Runx1 resides in a 1.1 Mb topologically associating domain (TAD) demarcated by convergent CTCF motifs. As ESCs differentiate to mesoderm, chromatin accessibility, Runx1 enhancer-promoter (E-P) interactions, and CTCF-CTCF interactions increase in the TAD, along with initiation of Runx1 expression from the P2 promoter. Differentiation to hematopoietic progenitor cells is associated with the formation of tissue-specific sub-TADs over Runx1, a shift in E-P interactions, P1 promoter demethylation, and robust expression from both Runx1 promoters. Deletion of promoter-proximal CTCF sites at the sub-TAD boundaries has no obvious effects on E-P interactions but leads to partial loss of domain structure, mildly affects gene expression, and delays hematopoietic development. Together, our analysis of gene regulation at a large multi-promoter developmental gene reveals that dynamic sub-TAD chromatin boundaries play a role in establishing TAD structure and coordinated gene expression.
UINMF performs mosaic integration of single-cell multi-omic datasets using nonnegative matrix factorization
Authors: Kriebel April R. , Welch Joshua D.
Published: February 2022

Single-cell genomic technologies provide an unprecedented opportunity to define molecular cell types in a data-driven fashion, but present unique data integration challenges. Many analyses require “mosaic integration”, including both features shared across datasets and features exclusive to a single experiment. Previous computational integration approaches require that the input matrices share the same number of either genes or cells, and thus can use only shared features. To address this limitation, we derive a nonnegative matrix factorization algorithm for integrating single-cell datasets containing both shared and unshared features. The key advance is incorporating an additional metagene matrix that allows unshared features to inform the factorization. We demonstrate that incorporating unshared features significantly improves integration of single-cell RNA-seq, spatial transcriptomic, SNARE-seq, and cross-species datasets. We have incorporated the UINMF algorithm into the open-source LIGER R package (https://github.com/welch-lab/liger).
Broadly binding and functional antibodies and persisting memory B cells elicited by HIV vaccine PDPHV
Authors: Wang Shixia , Yates Nicole L. , Pollara Justin , Voronin Yegor , Stanfield-Oakley Sherry , Han Dong , Hu Guangnan , Li Wei , Ferrari Guido , Tomaras Georgia D. , Lu Shan
Published: February 2022

Since publishing our original reports on the safety and immunogenicity of a polyvalent DNA prime-protein boost HIV vaccine (PDPHV) which elicited high titer antibody responses with broad specificity, neutralizing activities to multiple HIV-1 subtypes, as well as poly-functional T cell responses, accumulated findings from other HIV vaccine studies indicated the important roles of Ig isotype distribution, Fc medicated functions and the persistence of memory immune responses which were not studied in previous PDPHV related reports. The current report provides further detailed characterization of these parameters in human volunteers receiving the PDPHV regimen. Antibody responses were assessed using IgG isotype and gp70-V1V2-binding ELISAs, peptide arrays, and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) assays. B cell ELISPOT was used to detect gp120-specific memory B cells. Our results showed that the gp120-specific antibodies were primarily of the IgG1 isotype. HIV-1 envelope protein variable regions V1 and V2 were actively targeted by the antibodies as determined by specific binding to both peptide and V1V2-carrying scaffolds. The antibodies showed potent and broad ADCC responses. Finally, the B cell ELISPOT analysis demonstrated persistence of gp120-specific memory B cells for at least 6 months after the last dose. These data indicate that broadly reactive binding Abs and ADCC responses as well as durable gp120-specific memory B cells were elicited by the polyvalent heterologous prime-boost vaccination regimens and showed great promise as a candidate HIV vaccine.
UK daily meteorology, air quality, and pollen measurements for 2016–2019, with estimates for missing data
Authors: Reani Manuele , Lowe Douglas , Gledson Ann , Topping David , Jay Caroline
Published: February 2022

In recent years, quantifying the impacts of detrimental air quality has become a global priority for researchers and policy makers. At present, the systems and methodologies supporting the collection and manipulation of this data are difficult to access. To support studies quantifying the interplay between common gaseous and particulate pollutants with meteorology and biological particles, this paper presents a comprehensive data-set containing daily air quality readings from the Automatic Urban and Rural Network, and pollen and weather data from Met Office monitoring stations, in the years 2016 to 2019 inclusive, for the United Kingdom. We describe (1) the sources from which the data were collected, (2) the methods used for the data cleaning process and (3) how issues related to missing values and sparse regional coverage were addressed. The resulting data-set is designed to be used ‘as is’ by those using air quality data for research; we also describe and provide open access to the methods used for curating the data to allow modification of or addition to the data-set.
Joint modeling of time to diabetic retinopathy and change in fasting blood sugar among type 2 diabetic patients, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Kebede Sewnet Adem , Tessema Zemenu Tadesse , Balcha Shitaye Alemu , Ayele Tadesse Awoke
Published: February 2022

This study aimed to assess changes in fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels, time to diabetic retinopathy (DR) and its predictors among type 2 diabetes patients in Ethiopia. An institution-based retrospective follow-up study was conducted at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. The linear mixed effect model and Cox proportional hazard models were fitted separately, and later, the two models were fitted jointly using R software. Variables with apvalue < 0.05 were considered significant predictors in the adjusted analysis. The incidence rate of DR was 2 per 100-person year of observation with a median follow-up time of 90.8 months (IQR 63.4). The current value and rate of change in FBS level were significant predictors of time to DR (AHR = 1.35; 95% CI 1.12–1.63) and (AHR = 1.70; 95% CI 1.21–2.39), respectively. Hypertension (AHR = 2.49; 95% CI 1.32–4.66), taking > 1 antidiabetic oral agent (AHR = 4.90; 95% CI 1.07–20.0) and more than 10 years duration (AHR = 0.17, 95% CI 0.06–0.46) were predictors of time to DR. This study revealed that the current value of FBS and the rate of FBS change were significantly associated with the time to DR.
Cell biological analysis reveals an essential role for Pfcerli2 in erythrocyte invasion by malaria parasites
Authors: Liffner Benjamin , Balbin Juan Miguel , Shami Gerald J. , Siddiqui Ghizal , Strauss Jan , Frölich Sonja , Heinemann Gary K. , Edwards Ella May , Alder Arne , Wichers Jan Stephan , Creek Darren J. , Tilley Leann , Dixon Matthew W. A. , Gilberger Tim-Wolf , Wilson Danny W.
Published: February 2022

Merozoite invasion of host red blood cells (RBCs) is essential for survival of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Proteins involved with RBC binding and invasion are secreted from dual-club shaped organelles at the apical tip of the merozoite called the rhoptries. Here we characterise P. falciparum Cytosolically Exposed Rhoptry Leaflet Interacting protein 2 (PfCERLI2), as a rhoptry bulb protein that is essential for merozoite invasion. Phylogenetic analyses show that cerli2 arose through an ancestral gene duplication of cerli1. We show that PfCERLI2 is essential for blood-stage growth and localises to the cytosolic face of the rhoptry bulb. Inducible knockdown of PfCERLI2 led to a proportion of merozoites failing to invade and was associated with elongation of the rhoptry organelle during merozoite development and inhibition of rhoptry antigen processing. These findings identify PfCERLI2 as a protein that has key roles in rhoptry biology during merozoite invasion.
Design of Halloysite Based Core–Shell Nanosystems
Authors: Stavitskaya A. , Vutolkina A. , Glotov A. , Vinokurov V. , Lvov Y.
Published: February 2022

We describe methodological aspects of halloysite clay nanotubes based core–shell design with integrated nano-, micro- and macrofeatures. Characterization of aluminosilicate mesoporous nanotubes physicochemical properties was given followed by principles of the halloysite modification. The halloysite coating with metal-containing structures is discussed, along with the selective formation of a metal-based core inside clay lumens. We give examples of nanoscale core–shell systems with metal, bimetal, metal oxides and salts nanoparticles, nanorods, nanosheets as well as ordered morphologies. The hybrid nanostructures with organic macromolecules and polymers covering clay tubes are proposed as active phase transfer catalysts, polymers fillers and sustain drug delivery systems. Liquid marbles and microorganisms covered with halloysite shells are described demonstrating eco-friendly and abundant tubular nanoclay applications for the bioremediation of oil spills.
Biomimetic Nanoarchitectonics: Natural Cellulose Based Nanocomposites as High Performance Catalysts
Authors: Lin Zehao , Huang Jianguo
Published: February 2022

The introduction of natural cellulose substances (e.g., ordinary laboratory filter paper) with hierarchically network porous structures and abundant functional groups into artificial materials provides an effective strategy for the fabrication of nanoarchitectured functional materials. In this chapter, a series of titania based catalytic membranes and powder photocatalysts are summarized, which were prepared by employing the natural cellulose substance as the template or scaffold through the layer-by-layer self-assembly of the titania gel layer and the corresponding guest species. The obtained catalytic membranes retained the mechanical strength of the cellulose matrices while the powder photocatalysts inherited the unique three-dimensionally network porous structure of the initial cellulose substance, and they all displayed strong synergistic effects among the components contained therein. Hence, when these cellulose derived titania based catalysts were utilized for the degradation of organic pollutants, photocatalytic hydrogen production from water splitting and antibiosis, they all exhibited excellent catalytic performances and superior cycling stabilities.
Nanoarchitectonics Based on S-layer Proteins: Design of Noble Metal Nanoparticle Arrangements and Nanostructured Materials
Authors: Bolla P. A. , Serradell M. A. , Casella M. L. , Peruzzo P. J.
Published: February 2022

Nanoarchitectonics based on molecules of biological origin or bio-active components for the creation of hierarchical systems with tailored structures and properties is an area of growing interest. Thus, the S-layer proteins isolated from Bacteria and Archaea emerge as promising building blocks for the design of new structures given their unique characteristics. Due to the presence of well-defined reaction sites in S-layer protein self-assembled structures both in dispersion and on different surfaces, it is possible to use them for the preparation of metallic nanoparticles. This chapter presents the most relevant aspects of S-layer proteins with particular attention to their use through different strategies for the preparation of arrangements of metallic nanoparticles and nanostructured systems containing metallic nanoparticles for various applications.
Surface Engineering Towards Better Material Performance
Authors: Wang Ying , Pang Zili , He Junhui
Published: February 2022

In both fundamental studies and practical applications, materials with superior properties are of great importance. In general, bulk materials cannot fully meet the requirements of actual applications due to poor performance. Scientists and engineers have long been devoted to finding various strategies towards better material performance. Surface engineering, an easy and economic approach, is widely used to improve material performance through a thin layer of both new composition and structure. This paper reviews the methods of surface engineering used to improve material properties, including surface pretreatment, surface modification, surface deposition, coating, surface structuring and electrochemical surface engineering. Then, the principle and operation process of various methods are highlighted. Meanwhile, the advantages and disadvantages of those methods are compared and discussed. We have also given several examples of surface engineering in recent years. Finally, we have presented and discussed current challenges and future perspectives of surface engineering.
Atomic-scale Characterization of Platinum Nanoparticles Deposited on C60 Fullerene Nanowhiskers and Related Carbon Nanomaterials
Authors: Miyazawa K. , Yoshitake M. , Tanaka Y.
Published: February 2022

Pt nanoparticles are the most widely used catalysts for polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs). Recently, a simple physical vapor deposition method named coaxial arc plasma deposition (CAPD) has been developed for the preparation of Pt NPs for PEFCs. Using the CAPD method, we deposited Pt NPs on various carbon substrates such as C60 fullerene nanowhiskers, graphite particles and glassy carbon substrates, and studied the crystal structure of the deposited Pt NPs using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The Pt NPs deposited by using CAPD were found to be anisotropically strained. The anisotropic straining of Pt NPs was also observed in the commercial Pt NPs chemically deposited on carbon black (CB) particles. This chapter compares the lattice straining of the Pt NPs that has been known to strongly influence the catalytic activity of Pt NPs in PEFC on the atomic scale. Statistical analyses of the Pt NP-CB adhesion facets were also investigated to understand the influence of the CB surface on the crystal structure of Pt NPs. By analyzing the results of the study, we concluded that Pt NPs are spontaneously strained and hardly influenced by the CB particle substrates.
Developments on Supramolecular Thin Films to Sensing Applications
Authors: Martin C. S. , Kavazoi H. S. , Furini L. N. , Alessio P.
Published: February 2022

Since several years ago, supramolecular chemistry, in general, has become one of the challenges for materials science, including the synthesis of new supramolecular materials and the production of the new supramolecular arrangements using thin film deposition techniques. Once the supramolecular arrangement is a crucial factor in achieving excellent device performance, the development of novel sensor systems is one of the most promising fields of supramolecular chemistry. In this chapter, we focus on the developments in supramolecular thin films applied to sense applications. We bring a brief overview of three different techniques to thin film deposition, Langmuir based (Langmuir–Blodgett and Langmuir–Schaefer), electrodeposited, and Layer-by-Layer films. Some examples of tuning supramolecular arrangements and their effects on the sensor's performance were also described.
Design of Nanostructured Lipid Carriers and Hybrid Lipid Nanoparticles
Authors: Berti Ignacio Rivero , Singh Tanya , Boztepe Tugce , Leon Ignacio E. , Nadda Ashok KUMAR , Castro Guillermo R.
Published: February 2022

Nanoparticles composed of solid lipids and their hybrid formulations containing polymers, peptides, proteins, and inorganic compounds are valuable materials for the future development of therapeutic devices. Hybrid lipid carriers are multipurpose, and they can be formulated for the delivery of hydrophobic as well as hydrophilic drugs. Among their main advantages are high payload and stability, established controlled release kinetics, easy targeting, simple production and scale-up, a wide range of administration routes.
Transition Metal Dichalcogenides: Properties, Synthetic Routes and Applications
Authors: Luxa J. , Mazánek V. , Sofer Z.
Published: February 2022

Transition metal dichalcogenides are among the most studied 2D nanomaterials. This family of materials with a general formula of MX2 (M = transition metal, X = S, Se or Te) is represented by approximately 60 members covering metallic conductors, semiconductors, topological insulators as well as superconductors or Weyl semimetals. Due to their layered structure, they can be easily exfoliated down to single layers which results in dramatic changes in their chemical and physical properties. With their broad range of interesting properties, they find applications in various fields including electronics, optoelectronics, sensing or catalysis. In this chapter, we first provide an overview of their properties. We then move on to provide a summary of the most common synthetic routes. The final part of this chapter is devoted to applications of TMDs.
Optimal Silicon-based Nanomaterials for Biological Applications
Authors: Dell'Arciprete M. L. , Caregnato Paula , Rodríguez Hernán B. , Gonik E. , Sartori D. Rodríguez , Gonzalez Mónica C.
Published: February 2022

The key aspects of porous silicon and freestanding crystalline silicon nanoparticles for biological applications are discussed, with the following subjects being addressed: most simple and scalable synthesis procedures; importance of surface derivatization enhancing colloidal, chemical, photophysical stability, and capacity for reactive oxygen species photosensitization of the silicon nanomaterials in aqueous media, discussion of the origin of photoluminescence in the different SiNMs and the effect of surface derivatization; effects on the photophysical behavior of SiNMs upon the combination with transition metals or oxides of metals.
Synergic Properties in Crystals: Implication of Motion at the Molecular Level
Authors: Vasquez-Matías Jessica I. , Hernández-Morales Ernesto A. , Colin-Molina Abraham , Pérez-Estrada Salvador , Rodríguez-Molina Braulio
Published: February 2022

The development of new structures with emerging functionalities has been one of the goals in nanoarchitectonics. It has been established that this concept includes the bottom-up organization of atoms and molecules and, with this in mind, the present chapter contains selected contributions focused on the importance of intramolecular dynamics in optical properties, dielectric response, macroscopic motion, and sorption behavior of crystals. It is considered that the understanding of molecular motion can be associated with the output of crystalline materials to envision new smart solid state materials for a wide variety of applications.
Novel multiplex PCR assays for rapid identification of Salmonella serogroups B, C1, C2, D, E, S. enteritidis, and S. typhimurium
Authors: Shang Yuting , Ye Qinghua , Wu Qingping , Xiang Xinran , Zha Fei , Du Mingzhu , Zhang Jumei
Published: February 2022

Pan-genome analysis identified genes specific to Salmonella serogroups B, C1, C2, D, E, and S. enteritidis. Three multiplex PCR assays for detecting five Salmonella serogroups (B, C1, C2, D, and E) and two serovars (S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium) were sufficiently specific and rapid.
Protective effects of taurocholic acid on excessive hepatic lipid accumulationviaregulation of bile acid metabolism in grouper
Authors: Xu Jia , Xie Shiwei , Chi Shuyan , Zhang Shuang , Cao Junming , Tan Beiping
Published: February 2022

Dietary BAs decreased liver lipid accumulation caused by high dietary lipids through changes in intestinal microbiota, BAs and lipid metabolism.
Two-dimensional semiconductor materials with high stability and electron mobility in group-11 chalcogenide compounds: MNX (M = Cu, Ag, Au; N = Cu, Ag, Au; X = S, Se, Te; M ≠ N)
Authors: Shangguan Wei , Yan Cuixia , Li Wenqing , Long Chen , Liu Liming , Qi Chenchen , Li Qiuyang , Zhou Yan , Guan Yurou , Gao Lei , Cai Jinming
Published: February 2022

The three-element monolayers α-MNX designed have suitable bandgap, excellent stability and similar mobility to graphene, which can be used in next-generation nanoelectronic devices.
Cs3Bi2I9 nanodiscs with phase and Bi(iii) state stability under reductive potential or illumination for H2 generation from diluted aqueous HI
Authors: Chaudhary Sonu Pratap , Bhattacharjee Subhajit , Hazra Vishwadeepa , Shyamal Sanjib , Pradhan Narayan , Bhattacharyya Sayan
Published: February 2022

Cs3Bi2I9 nanodiscs show unprecedented lattice stability through the retention of a Bi(iii) state in aqueous diluted hydroiodic acid after 8 h of illumination yielding 22.5 μmol h−1 H2 for ≥20 h under cathodic bias generating 11.7 H2 per s turnover frequency.
An amorphous NiCuFeP@Cu3P nanoarray for an efficient hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Jin Jiaxing , Ge Jingmin , Zhao Xuhui , Wang Yiping , Zhang Fazhi , Lei Xiaodong
Published: February 2022

The exposure of abundant active sites attributed to a 3D hierarchical structure and electronic interactions between amorphous NiCuFeP and Cu3P enhances the HER performance of NiCuFeP@Cu3P/CF.
Antidiabetic profiling of veramycins, polyketides accessible by biosynthesis, chemical synthesis and precursor-directed modification
Authors: Dardić Denis , Böhringer Nils , Plaza Alberto , Zubeil Florian , Pohl Juliane , Sommer Svenja , Padva Leo , Becker Jonathan , Patras Maria A. , Bill Mona-Katharina , Kurz Michael , Toti Luigi , Görgens Sven W. , Schuler Sören M. M. , Billion André , Schwengers Oliver , Wohlfart Paulus , Goesmann Alexander , Tennagels Norbert , Vilcinskas Andreas , Hammann Peter E. , Schäberle Till F. , Bauer Armin
Published: February 2022

New polyketides, termed veramycins, were isolated along with their known congeners NFAT-133 and TM-123. Total synthesis from a central building block was accomplished, the BGC identified and a biosynthetic pathway for this molecule class proposed.
Rotation periods and shape asphericity in asteroid families based on TESS S1-S13 observations
Authors: Szabó Gyula M. , Pál András , Szigeti László , Bognár Zsófia , Bódi Attila , Kalup Csilla , Jäger Zoltán J. , Kiss László L. , Kiss Csaba , Kovács József , Marton Gábor , Molnár László , Plachy Emese , Sárneczky Krisztián , Szakáts Róbert , Szabó Róbert
Published: February 2022

Here we present the analysis of the distribution of rotation periods and light curve amplitudes based on 2859 family asteroids in 16 Main Belt families based on 9912 TESS asteroid light curves in the TSSYS-DR1 asteroid light curve database. We found that the distribution of the light curve properties follow a family-specific character in some asteroid families, including the Hungaria, Maria, Juno, Eos, Eucharis, and Alauda families. While in other large families, these distributions are in general very similar to each other. We confirm that older families tend to contain a larger fraction of more spheroidal, low-amplitude asteroids. We found that rotation period distributions are different in the cores and outskirts of the Flora and Maria families, while the Vesta, Eos, and Eunomia families lack this feature. We also confirm that very fast spinning asteroids are close to spherical (or spinning top shapes), and minor planets rotating slower than ≈11 h are also more spherical than asteroids in the 4–8 h period range and this group is expected to contain the most elongated bodies.
Eastern forms in Yakut poetry: transformation features (the works of A. Parnikova-Sabara-Ilge as a case-study)
Authors: Popova Matrena
Published: February 2022

This article attempts to comprehend the innovations of Yakut poets in the creation of small-form genres in modern Yakut poetry, namely forms borrowed from the Eastern poetry, to be more exact, the poetry created by Anna Parnikova-Sabaray-Ilge as a case-study. The tendency of the poetess in her poetic stylization of the Eastern genres is to enrich the modern genre systematizing the examples from the treasury of world literature. As early as the 1960s and 1970s, Yakut poets sought to master oriental forms. However, in their poems they did not strictly follow the requirements of certain oriental forms. Only in the early 2000s young poet A. Parnikova managed to keep to the special requirements of the hard forms, namely the eastern ghazals. Although the author managed to nationalize the imagery, for example, the author used lilies instead of tulips, we consider her poem a model of oriental forms in the Yakut style.
Description of Yakut culture in Russian in texts of different genres
Authors: Vasil’eva Akulina
Published: February 2022

Describing a culture by means of another language is a large and interesting translation task. Nowadays, this eternal problem becomes more and more relevant for traditional cultures since the quality of the transmitted verbal information about unique culture-specific elements also depends on the accuracy of their description. The Russian language for the peoples of the Russian Federation is the language of interethnic communication, and translating folklore and literary texts, as well as writing scientific works in Russian on the Yakut culture, allows other peoples to discover the Yakut culture. Over the four centuries of Yakut-Russian contacts, many texts describing the Yakut culture have been created in Russian. In this research, the source material is three different texts: a translation of a heroic epic, a translation of a work of fiction, and an ethnographic description of a native speaker of the Yakut language and culture written in a non-native Russian language. These texts contain the same culture-specific elements that are translated differently depending on the target audience. In the course of the research, we have found that the culturespecific elements of the Yakut culture are mainly transliterated, and commentaries on them can be different in exhaustiveness and depth. In addition, we note that traditional loan translations from the Yakut language have been established to translate various epithets and set expressions associated with folklore and mythology. Such expressions often seep into scientific texts on ethnography because traditional crafts and traditional life, in general, are inextricably linked with the spiritual culture of the people.
Particular issues of legal regulation of non-contractual liability in maritime transport
Authors: Semenov Andrey Viktorovich
Published: February 2022

A distinctive feature of non-contractual liability as a legal concept is the existence of noncontractual liability for parties that are not in a contractual relationship with each other. The damage caused in this case will be recognized as a consequence of actions not related to the violation of contractual obligations. In this situation, the tortfeasor violates the general absolute obligation not to encroach on other people’s subjective rights. It should be noted that non-contractual liability is often equated with delictual liability arising from harm. Delictual liability is the most common among non-contractual liability. However, the concept of non-contractual liability is much deeper and subject to expanded interpretation, that is, it includes various cases of liability in the absence of contracts besides delictual liability. Problematic issues related to non-contractual liability in maritime transport are an urgent problem in contemporary legislation. Resolving the given issues will be useful for law enforcement. The author investigates problematic issues of the application of non-contractual liability in maritime transport, and proposes to clarify and supplement the legislation in the field under consideration.
Issues concerning legal support of international shipping
Authors: Simonova Olga
Published: February 2022

The article focuses on international shipping governed by regulatory sources of a dual nature. This circumstance is due to the fact that international shipping is regulated both by international legal sources, for example, conventions, international treaties and customs, and by domestic legislation and judicial practice of the countries participating in international transportation. The research findings have indicated that, unfortunately, in practice there are often cases when the norms of national or international law have loopholes. Thus, a number of provisions of the International Shipping Rules do not coincide with the Russian Charter of Water Transport. In addition, the concept of “bill of lading” is often used in international law and is absent in Russian legislation. Therefore, the author proposes to eliminate the existing loopholes causing either high costs or litigation by finalizing national and international legislation. In this regard, the author considers specific examples and makes appropriate proposals aimed to close the identified loopholes in international and national legislation in order to minimize the costs and losses of the parties to the international transport agreement, and to reduce the number of controversies. Such urgent problems as the problem of piracy and the problem of pollution of the seas and oceans by ships also arise in freight forwarding business. The author proposes to toughen measures of responsibility for maritime piracy and for pollution of the seas and oceans by ships at the legislative level.
Stratagem of Chinese political discourse
Authors: Serebrennikova Evgenia Fedorovna , Balashova Victoria Pavlovna , Rybalko Mikhail Leonidovich
Published: February 2022

The article is dedicated to the study of the stratagem of the Chinese media discourse as a special way of structuring a discursive position that contributes to its dominance in communication. Because of the analysis of the corpus of media texts of the Chinese political discourse, it is established that stratagem manifests itself in the coordinates of the political macro-communication, which has an agonal character, and is focused on achieving a dominant position by validating it with the help of a public social addressee based on his/her intertextual cultural competence. The essence of a stratagemically structured discourse consists of re-designing, that is, reframing the original scenario of the development of the situation into a different type of scenario. The stratagem is constructed on the basis of both precedent stratagems and non-precedent stratagems. A specific method of reframing can be put in accordance with the implicit prescriptive content of the literal formula of a phraseological unit as a sign of a certain type of stratagem in the Chinese language. Reframing the initial situations that determine the stratagem of the discourse allows us to implement various communicative strategies, the main of which are manipulative, imperative and developmental.
The role of the media in escalating social tension in the USA
Authors: Kaverina Oksana Anatolievna , Novosyolova Margarita Valerievna
Published: February 2022

The media are considered to be a pivotal source of creating and reflecting various processes in modern societies. The media’s role in escalating social tension in the USA is essential and will be examined in detail in the article. The work focuses on the language used in the media to create social tension, the phenomenon, caused by worried feelings, no trust, stress, hostility, unfriendliness, not sharing common needs or interests, anxiety, violence, and conflict. The pandemic of COVID-19 has led to inequality of views in terms of health and life-activities and has triggered off a wave of anxiety, stress and other manifestations of tension in different social spheres. The analysis of the mass media, namely publicist articles, blogs, forums, and posts in social networks, allows seeing people’s discontent about the current realities in medicine, education, ecology, and politics. People’s feelings of discontent and stress can be generally conceptualized as social tension.
Prof. Nicolaus Friedreich und die Neuroanatomie der Pyramidenbahn
Authors: Suwa Beato
Published: February 2022

Hemiparesen zählen in der Neurologie noch immer zu einer der häufigsten und wichtigsten Symptome, z. B. in Folge eines Insultes, aber auch in Folge einer Rückenmarksschädigung (z. B. Brown-Sequard-Syndrom). Diese Arbeit zur Medizingeschichte beschäftigt sich mit der Aufklärung der neuroanatomischen Korrelate von Hemiparesen und Folgen anderer Schädigungen der Pyramidenbahn gegen Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts, ausgehend von einem kürzlich archivierten handgeschriebenen Fragment einer Abschrift des „Excerptenbuches“ vom berühmten Pathologen Nicolaus Friedreich aus Heidelberg. Innovative und aufwendige Tiermodelle, aber vor allem auch die Verbesserungen der Möglichkeiten der Lichtmikroskopie führten in dieser Zeit zu einem explosionsartigen Zuwachs an Wissen auf dem Gebiet der Neuroanatomie.
The Impact of “COVID-19” and “Webinar Pandemic” on Plastic Surgery Practice in Teaching Institutes and Resident Training—A Multicentric Perspective
Authors: Tripathy Satyaswarup , Mohapatra Devi Prasad , Sahu Ranjit Kumar , Mohsina Subair , Sharma Ramesh Kumar , Khan Subhendu , Renu Sharda , Singh Chandra Kunwari , Nair Suraj R. , Koliath Shijina , Pathan Imran
Published: February 2022

Introduction The study was carried out to quantify the changes induced by the pandemic in plastic surgery practice and training and to study the impact of the webinars on plastic surgery education from a residents’ perspective.

Methods In this multicentric study, the number and type of surgeries, cause of injuries, and their regional variation during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) period (February–September 2020) were compared with pre–COVID-19 time. An online survey on the impact of webinars was conducted for plastic surgery trainees across the country.

Results There was a significant reduction in total number of surgeries (p = 0.003). The procedures for hand (p = 0.156), faciomaxillary injuries (p = 0.25), and replantations (p = 0.46) were comparable; there was a significant reduction in combined orthopedic-plastic-surgical procedures (p = 0.009) during the pandemic. There was a significant reduction in road accidents (p = 0.007) and suicidal injuries (p = 0.002) and increase in assault (p = 0.03) and domestic accidents (p = 0.01) during the COVID-19 period.

A usefulness score of >8 was given for the webinars by 68.7% residents. There was no significant difference in perception of utility when correlated with the academic program at their institutes (p = 0.109); 92% opined webinars should continue in post-COVID times.

Conclusion There was a drastic reduction in number of elective and emergency procedures during the COVID-19 time, negatively affecting resident training program. Majority of residents felt that webinars could prove a useful adjunct to training in formal training program in post-COVID-19 scenario.
Hernia and Abdominal Wall Reconstruction for the Colorectal Surgeon
Authors: Buxey Kenneth
Published: February 2022

Hernia remains a challenge for the colorectal surgeon both in regard to prevention of hernia, that is a common entity following colorectal surgery and in managing hernia which is often made more challenging by the co-existence of a significant colorectal-specific problem. This review outlines the extent of hernia as a problem for the colorectal surgeon and highlights contemporary approaches to dealing with patients who require both colorectal and complex hernia surgery.
Diameters of the level sets for reaction-diffusion equations in nonperiodic slowly varying media
Authors: Hamel François , Nadin Grégoire
Published: February 2022

We consider in this article reaction-diffusion equations of the Fisher-KPP type with a nonlinearity depending on the space variable

x
x

, oscillating slowly and non-periodically. We are interested in the width of the interface between the unstable steady state

0
0

and the stable steady state

1
1

of the solutions of the Cauchy problem. We prove that, if the heterogeneity has large enough oscillations, then the width of this interface, that is, the diameter of some level sets, diverges linearly as

t
→
+
∞

t\rightarrow +\infty

along some sequences of times, while it is sublinear along other sequences. As a corollary, under these conditions, generalized transition fronts do not exist for this equation.
The 𝑝-primary subgroups of the cohomology of 𝐵𝑃𝑈_{𝑛} in dimensions less than 2𝑝+5
Authors: Gu Xing , Zhang Yu , Zhang Zhilei , Zhong Linan
Published: February 2022

Let

P

U
n

PU_n

denote the projective unitary group of rank

n
n

and

B
P

U
n

BPU_n

be its classifying space. For an odd prime

p
p

, we extend previous results to a complete description of

H
s

(
B
P

U
n

;

Z

)

(
p
)

H^s(BPU_n;\mathbb {Z})_{(p)}

for

s
>
2
p
+
5

s>2p+5

by showing that the

p
p

-primary subgroups of

H
s

(
B
P

U
n

;

Z

)

H^s(BPU_n;\mathbb {Z})

are trivial for

s
=
2
p
+
3

s = 2p+3

and

s
=
2
p
+
4

s = 2p+4

.
A Broad Safety Assessment of the Recombinant Herpes Zoster Vaccine
Authors: Yih W Katherine , Kulldorff Martin , Dashevsky Inna , Maro Judith C
Published: February 2022

The recombinant herpes zoster vaccine (RZV), approved as a 2-dose series in the United States in October 2017, has proven highly effective and generally safe. However, a small risk of Guillain-Barré syndrome after vaccination was identified after approval, and questions remain about other possible adverse events. This data-mining study assessed RZV safety in the United States using the self-controlled tree-temporal scan statistic, scanning data on thousands of diagnoses recorded during follow-up to detect any statistically unusual temporal clustering of cases within a large hierarchy of diagnoses. IBM MarketScan data on commercially insured persons at least 50 years of age receiving RZV between January 1, 2018, and May 5, 2020, were used, including 56 days of follow-up; 1,014,329 doses were included. Statistically significant clustering was found within a few days of vaccination for unspecified adverse effects, complications, or reactions to immunization or other medical substances/care; fever; unspecified allergy; syncope/collapse; cellulitis; myalgia; and dizziness/giddiness. These findings are consistent with the known safety profile of this and other injected vaccines. No cluster of Guillain-Barré syndrome was detected, possibly due to insufficient sample size. This signal-detection method has now been applied to 5 vaccines, with consistently plausible results, and seems a promising addition to vaccine-safety evaluation methods.
Perfluoroalkyl substances influence DNA methylation in school-age children highly exposed through drinking water contaminated from firefighting foam: a cohort study in Ronneby, Sweden
Authors: Xu Yiyi , Lindh Christian H , Fletcher Tony , Jakobsson Kristina , Engström Karin
Published: February 2022

Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are widespread synthetic substances with various adverse health effects. A potential mechanism of toxicity for PFASs is via epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation. Previous studies have evaluated associations between PFAS exposure and DNA methylation among newborns and adults. However, no study has evaluated how PFASs influence DNA methylation among children of school age. In this exploratory study with school-age children exposed to PFASs through drinking water highly contaminated from firefighting foams, we aimed to investigate whether exposure to PFASs was associated with alteration in DNA methylation and epigenetic age acceleration. Sixty-three children aged 7–11 years from the Ronneby Biomarker Cohort (Sweden) were included. The children were either controls with only background exposure (n = 32; perfluorooctane sulfonic acid: median 2.8 and range 1–5 ng/ml) or those exposed to very high levels of PFASs (n = 31; perfluorooctane sulfonic acid: median 295 and range 190–464 ng/ml). These two groups were matched on sex, age, and body mass index. Genome-wide methylation of whole-blood DNA was analyzed using the Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip kit. Epigenetic age acceleration was derived from the DNA methylation data. Twelve differentially methylated positions and seven differentially methylated regions were found when comparing the high-exposure group to the control group. There were no differences in epigenetic age acceleration between these two groups (P = 0.66). We found that PFAS exposure was associated with DNA methylation at specific genomic positions and regions in children at school age, which may indicate a possible mechanism for linking PFAS exposure to health effects.