bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation and Characterization of Alumina Nanofibers by Gas-Solid Reaction Method
Authors: Xu Bao Long , Sun Hai Yan , Zhang Qi Fu , Du You Wei
Published: December 2011

Using gas-solid reaction method, the non-crystalline alumina nanofibers with different morphology and aspect ratios could exuberantly grow by feeding air into one closed box or bubbling air into several organic liquids which contained the thin aluminum amalgam sheet at room temperature. Their diameters were about 2-10nm, whereas the length-diameter ratios were distributed widely. The diameters and length could be controlled by adjusting the kinds of the organic reagent. The as-grown nanofibers were then heat-treated at temperatures range from 300 to 1000°C. The results of X-ray diffraction and thermo-gravimetric analysis indicated the γ-Al2O3 nanofibers would be produced at 500°C and the α-Al2O3 particles could be obtained at about 1000°C. The electron micrographs suggested the nanofibers growth direction was randomly in the air or organic solutions, except for growing regular naonofibers in polyoxyalklene-400. The growth mechanics of alumina nanofibers were briefly discussed.
Preparation of Nano-TiO2 in Inverse Micro-Emulsion System with Compound Surfactant
Authors: Gao Wen Yuan , Jia Xing Xin , Niu Mei Hong , Tang Nai Ling , Hu Zhi Qiang
Published: December 2011

The nanosized TiO2 is prepared by micro-emulsion process in the system of cyclohexane / [Span80 combined with OP-10] / water with TiCl4 as raw material. The selection method of the surface-active agents was investigated and the influence of amount of surfactant, water / oil ratio and concentration of reactants on the particle size were discussed in this work. The temperature schedule, crystal structure, particle size distribution and appearance of the nanocrystalline TiO2 were analyzed by differential thermal analysis (DTA) combined with X-ray diffraction (XRD), laser particle size analysis (LPSA) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that: under these conditions of mixture of 8g Span80 and 2g OP-10 as the emulsifier, water / oil mass ratio of 1/4, TiCl4 concentration of 0.6mol / L and calcinations temperature of 510°C, nanoTiO2 powder with smaller particle size and better dispersion was prepared . And the average size of the product was 27.3nm.
Electrical Characteristics and Microstructures of Eu2O3-Doped Bi4Ti3O12 Thin Films
Authors: Chen Min , Mei X.A. , Cai A.H. , Liu J. , Huang Chong Qing
Published: December 2011

Eu2O3-doped bismuth titanate (Bi4-xEuxTi3O12: BET) thin films with random oriention were fabricated on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates by rf magnetron sputtering technique, and the structures and ferroelectric properties of the films were investigated. XRD studies indicated that all of BET films consisted of single phase of a bismuth-layered structure with well-developed rod-like grains. The remanent polarization ( Pr) and coercive field (Ec) of the BET Film with x=0.8 were 20μC/cm2and 65KV/cm , respectively. After 3×1010switching cycles, 15% degradation of Pris observed in the film.
Study on the Dispersion of Graphite as Pore Former
Authors: Li Qiang , Ma Fei
Published: December 2011

Graphite powders are important pore former, and widely used in the preparation of many kinds of porous ceramics. The dispersion of pore former controls the homogenous pore structure of porous ceramics, and deeply influences its properties. The dispersion and its influence factors of graphite powders in water and alcohol were systematically studied. The dispersion of graphite powders in water and alcohol were investigated by sedimentation method. It was found that alcohol as dispersion media can improve the dispersibility of graphite powders. In addition, the influence of different surfactants on the disperisibility was also studies. It can be confirmed that surfactant can prompt the dispersion of graphite powders in water. The zeta potential and particle size of graphite powders in different pH value were tested to understand its dispersion.
Drying Kinetics of Granules in a Fluidized Bed Dryer
Authors: Chen Lan , Lin Chun Hua , Xie Yun Hui , Du Song
Published: December 2011

Drying is one of the most important methods for industrial processing since moisture content is an extremely relevant parameter affecting the crucial properties of final products. Nowadays, fluidized bed drying technology is widely employed in various industries. Comparing to other drying methods, fluidized beds generate high efficient thermal conditions. In the current study, drying kinetics of cornstarch granules was investigated in a fluidized bed dryer. The drying experiments were performed at different temperatures and velocities of the inlet drying air and in different granule sizes. The results showed that air temperature had the most significant effect on the drying rate among the three variables. Five drying empirical models were fitted to the experimental moisture data and were evaluated using the determination coefficient and chi-square. Four of the models were found to be suitable for describing the drying behavior of cornstarch granules. Therefore, it is possible for them to be applied to estimate the drying end-point of cornstarch granules as well as to design and scale up of the drying process for the similar products in the fluidized bed dryer.
Synthesis of Multiferroic BiFeO3 Powders by Sol-Gel Auto-Combustion
Authors: Qi Xi Wei , Xu He Ji , Zhang Xiao Yan , Qi Jian Quan
Published: December 2011

Crystalline multiferroic BiFeO3 powders were directly synthesized by sol-gel auto-combustion method. The gels, derived from the solutions of 2-methoxyethane, metal nitrate and citric acid, exhibited the self-propagating combustion behaviors at ambient temperature when it is ignited in air. After auto-combustion, the dried gels transformed into crystalline BiFeO3 powders and no further calcination was needed. The nature of auto-combustion was ascribed to heat-induced redox between NH4NO3 and carboxyl group. The TG-DTA was carried out to study the auto-combustion of dried gels. The synthesized powders were characterized by XRD and SEM techniques.
Heavy Metals Accumulation and its Environmental Risk in Sediments of Xihe River, Shenyang City
Authors: Yang Ji Song , Hu Xiao Jun , Li Xin Xin , Wu Hao
Published: December 2011

Heavy metal accumulation in Xihe River sediments was studied, and also its potential environmental risk was evaluated using geoaccumulation index (Igeo). The results showed that mean concentrations of Hg, Cd, Zn, Pb, Ba, Bi, Sn and Sb were 2.73, 18.42, 1066.1, 128.8, 366.9, 7.76, 24.70 and 8.53 mg/kg, respectively. The values of examined heavy metals, except for Ba, were higher than the reference of deep soil. There were different accumulation characteristics for heavy metals at different river sections. Cadmium and Pb concentrations in sediment dropped from upper to lower reaches along river, but Ba was quite the reverse. The potential environmental risk of heavy metals in sediments was in order: Cd > Hg > Bi > Zn > Sb > Sn > Pb > Ba. The river was subjected to a higher potential risk by Hg, Cd, Zn and Bi, a medium-high risk by Sn and Sb, and a lower risk by Pb and Ba.
Study on Safety Correcting Landlide Method at Tailing Pond
Authors: Zhao Yu , Pang Wei , Zhang Bao Jian , Zhou Qiao Yong
Published: December 2011

The occurrence and the development mechanism of one small slide at a tailing pond slope at the Taihang mountain is analysed with the comprehensive exploration methods such as engineering geophysical prospecting and geological prospecting etc. It is brought forward that the small slide is a shallow layer crushed stone slide with the type of drawing – enlarging outside. The vertical prestressed anchor retaining earth wall is applied for correcting the slide with the economical and feasible correction principle. This method depends on the vertical prestressed force, pressed on the earth wall body which is made by the anchor in the foundation, to balance the sliding force of the slide mass. This method reaches the purpose of decreasing the masonry and the engineering price. The design thinking of the vertical prestressed anchor retaining earth wall is analyzed in details the construction technology and technique essentials is introduced in this paper. The efficiency of the method is indicated by its well correction result. This technique can offer reference for the similar geological disaster correction.
The Influence of Cu2+ on the Antioxidant System of Juncus effuses under the Low Temperature
Authors: Zhu Qi Hong , Xia Hong Xia
Published: December 2011

The influence of Cu2+ with different concentrations on the growth condition as well as the antioxidant system of Juncus effuses under low temperature has been analyzed through employing the hydroponic culture in this paper. The experimental results have shown that the Cu2+ can inhibit the SOD activity of Juncus effuses under the low temperature in the early stage of experiment, but it can promote the SOD activity of plants in the later stages of experiment. At the same time, the promotion of 30mg·L-1 is stronger than the one of 60mg·L-1. In the beginning of the experiment, the Cu2+ does not significantly affect the POD activity of plants. However, it can greatly improve the POD activity in later experiment and the promotion of low concentrations is stronger than the one of high concentrations. During the experiment, the activity of CAT enzyme can be promoted by the Cu2+ with low concentrations. But the Cu2+ with high concentrations will inhibit it at first and then promote it. What’s more, the promotion of Cu2+ with high concentrations is more effective than the one of Cu2+ with low concentrations. The experimental results have shown that the Juncus effuses can enhance the ability of resisting the heavy metal stress as well as improve the stress resistance of plants through adjusting the activities of oxidizing enzyme under the low temperature.
The Present Situation and Countermeasures of the Cultural Industry in Shaanxi Province
Authors: Song Qi , Li Wen Jing
Published: December 2011

Shaanxi has the rich cultural resources, in the process of development of the cultural industry has an exceptional advantage. Yet the low degree of creative culture industry, industrialization is low, the overall strength of the present situation of shaanxi province relatively weak,to improve the cultural industry policy,deepen the reform of the cultural system,make their own features culture brand, establish industrial cluster and dedicated to culture of creative talents, to achieve the shaanxi province from the cultural resources for cultural resources strong province the great-leap-forward development.
Health Risk Assessment and Quantitative Calculation of Typical Cr Contaminated Sites
Authors: Sun Xiao Song , Zhou Hang , Sun Xiao Nan , Liu An Ping , Sun Jian Ming
Published: December 2011

Select the former site of a chemical factory in Chongqing, China as the typical Cr contaminated site. According to “Technical guidelines for risk assessment of contaminated sites” and “Standard of Soil Quality Assessment for Exhibition Sites (Interim)” (HJ-350-2007), this paper conducts health risk assessment for the site, and provide a basis for contaminated soil remediation. At the same time, according to the contaminated condition, used the Golden Software Surfer 8 to draw the boundary of contaminated soils and thus calculate the volume of contaminated soil. By estimation the volume is about 3122.3 m3, which provide detailed data for the later remediation engineering.
Comparative Study on the Mn2+ Removing Performance of Several Filters
Authors: Zhang Ji Ku , Jiang Yang , Yuan Yi Xing
Published: December 2011

The Mn2+ removing effect from groundwater by four kinds of filters——Zeolites ,Activated Carbon ,Manganese Sand and a new filter ANJ.SiC, were comparatively studied and analyzed respectively .The results show that, the Mn2+ removing effect of ANJ.SiC is significantly better than the other three .It is an ideal filter in Mn2+ removing ,which can be reused for a long time .These filters’ surface characteristics before and after saturation were compared through their SEM figures ,and the Mn2+ removing mechanism were further studied.
Temperature Field of Single-Well Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage in Sanhejian Coal Mine
Authors: Zhang Yi , Guo Dong Ming
Published: December 2011

The technology of aquifer thermal energy storage(ATES) is an energy-saving technology which can provide a solution to energy shortages and resources expasion. The first key point of this technology is whether the aquifer can be use to store energy. In this paper, taking Sanhejian Coal Mine as an example, we choose Quaternary upper loose sandy porosity confined aquifer to bottom clayed glavel porosity confined aquifer as aquifers thermal energy storage, to discuss whether the aquifers can be used to store energy. The simulation results of aquifer temperature field show that the selected aquifers reach the goal of energy storage. And with the same irrigation flow, the lower the temperature, the more the cold water and the larger the low temperature region in aquifers thermal energy storage. With the same irrigation temperature, the lager the irrigation flow the more the cold water and the larger the low temperature region in aquifers thermal energy storage.
Microstructural Formation in Novel Co-Base ODS Alloys Produced by Mechanical Alloying
Authors: Zhang Lin , He Xin Bo , Qu Xuan Hui , Din Rafi Ud , Liu Heng San , Li Dan , Zhu Hong Min
Published: December 2011

The main focus of this work was to study the microstructural evolution during the sintering and the heat treatment processes. The results indicated that mechanical alloying had induced the formation of supersaturated solid solution in immiscible Co-Al-W alloys, originating mainly from extensive grain boundary region, high dislocation density, and ample point defect. Spinodal decomposition is found to be the dominant mechanism for phase formation. The extremely fine grains (0.5~3 μm) provide short-circuited diffusion paths for the atomic movement that leads to the spinodal decomposition behavior. γ´ precipitates were formed by the combination of spinodal decomposition mechanism and the chemical reaction between the decomposed products of CoAl and Co3W.
Influence of Combined Processes between Gas Soft Nitriding and Carburizing to Hardness of Low Carbon Steel
Authors: Siwadamrongpong Somsak , Khaengkarn Sorada , Tachee Krid
Published: December 2011

Low carbon steel is widely used in industries due to its low cost and easy to recycle. However, the low carbon steel is also known that easily attacked by environment and low strength compared with other kinds of steel. Therefore, several surface coating and treatment techniques are employed to improve its properties. This study was aimed to investigate influence of combined processes between gas soft nitriding and gas carburizing on the hardness of low carbon steel. The specimen was normalized by normalizing and shot blasting. Then the specimen was treated by gas carburizing, gas carbonitriding and combined processes between gas soft nitriding and gas carburizing. It was found that the combined processes yielded the good surface hardness and total case depth compared to other conditions. The most advantage of the combined processes could be considered to be very small variation of hardness.
Effect of the Starting NCO/OH Molar Ratio on the Structure and Properties of Polyurethane
Authors: Yi Yu Hua , Shi Hao
Published: December 2011

The present study described the effect of the starting NCO/OH molar ratio on the structure and properties of castable polyurethanes based on polytetrahydrofuran glycol (PTMG) and 2,4- toluene diisocyanate (TDI). The structural was tested by SEM. The result showed that higher starting NCO/OH molar ratio can lead to higher degree of microphase separation, decrease the compression set and improve the dynamic mechanical properties.
Synthesis and Properties of Spirosilafluorene Oligomer
Authors: Hou Qiong , Li Nai Yuan , Zhang Yong , Liu Jun Gen , Zhu Hong
Published: December 2011

A novel solution-processable spirosilafluorene oligomer is synthesized by palladium- catalyzed Stille coupling reaction from 2,2',7,7'-tetrabromospirosilafluorene, 2-(4-biphenyl)- 7-tributyltin-9,9-dioctylfluorene. The oligomer is soluble in common organic solvents and is highly photoluminescent. The electrochemical, optical, photoluminescent (PL) property of the oligomer was studied.
The Fluorescent and Photovoltaic Properties of Meso-Teraphenyl Porphyrins with Different Substituents
Authors: Yin Wei , Fa Huan Bao , Chen Chang Guo , Zhang Li Ping
Published: December 2011

The fluorescent and photovoltaic properties of derivatives of selected substituted meso-phenylporphyrins were studied. It was found that the fluorescent intensity could be enhanced by the electron-donating substituent but weakened by the electron-withdrawing subsituent. The photovoltaic properties and charge transfer process of the compounds were investigated by surface photovoltage spectroscopy (SPS) techniques, which revealed that all the compounds are p-type semiconductors. The spectral bands of all porphyrins could be ascribed to π→π* transitions. Comparing with the fluorescent spectral showed that the stronger the fluorescence intensity of porphyrin was, the weaker the surface photovoltage intensity of it was.
Application the Thermomechanical Damage Modeling Approach with Generalized Non-Linear Strength Theory
Authors: Guo Xuan , Yu Wei Wei
Published: December 2011

This paper builds the formulations of thermomechanical damage modeling approach with generalized non-linear strength theory. The bulk and the likely damage behavior can be described. The independent kinematic internal variables are introduced to describe the damage behavior and structural rearrangement of the Geo-granules for bulk deformation. The accordingly generalized stress can be deduced by combining the given thermodynamical energy functions. A systematic constitutive presentation is presented through the thermodynamical damage framework with generalized non-linear strength theory. The theory is based on previous work by Houlsby et al., and extends to the multi-mechanisms (Guo&Zhao et al.) description for geomaterial.
Effects of Pebble Aggregate in Xinjiang Area on Concrete Performance
Authors: Wang Lin , Song Shao Min , Bao Wen Zhong
Published: December 2011

In Xinjiang area, the resources of the pebble aggregate is very abundant, which are widely distributed, are the main source of the coarse aggregate for the ready-mixed concrete industry. The aggregate, which accounts for 80% of the quality, have a great effect on the performance of the concrete, not only play a great role in filling, but also in the workability, strength and durability part. Many technicians have lack knowledge of the ready-mixed concrete industry and pay insufficient attention to the aggregate quality, so it’s necessary to research the pebble concrete performance to provide ready-mixed concrete industry with technical guidance in Xinjiang area.
The Synthesis and Characterization of Nadic Dialkyl-Ester Derivatives with Trialkyl Borate
Authors: Jin Yi Wen , Park Jun Seong , Park Yong Sung , Woo Je Wan
Published: December 2011

In this study, nadic dialkyl-ester derivatives were synthesized via the reaction of nadic acid (NA) and trialkyl borate. Trialkyl borate was prepared by simple esterification of boric acid and a wide variety of alcohols. This synthesis process is a green process that does not use any solvent and catalysts. The boric acid can be recycled by filtration and can be used to prepare the trialkyl borate. The products were characterized by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR).
Thickness Effect on Spin Moment in Amorphous Co0.9Fe0.1 Films
Authors: Guo Yu Xian , Wang Jie , Xu Peng Shou , Yan Wen Sheng
Published: December 2011

Utilizing X-ray magnetic circular dichroism spectra the thickness effect on spin moment is examined in amorphous Co0.9Fe0.1films fabricated by RF magnetron sputtering. As film thickness increases from 5nm to 50nm, the variations of spin moments for Fe is a gradual decrease from 1.87μB to 1.70μB, while for Co it increases from 1.41μB to 1.69μB monotonously. Based on magnetic dead layer (MDL) model, the above changes are well explained, and the thickness of MDL, 0.83 nm, is estimated as well. That is not changed with increasing CoFe layer thickness.
Design and Synthesis of DLC Films with Different sp3/sp2 Ratios by Middle Frequency Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Jiang J. L. , Chen D. , Yang H.
Published: December 2011

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films with different sp3/sp2ratios were deposited using middle frequency magnetron sputtering. The sp3/sp2ratio of the films can be tailored by codoping of Ti and Si elements under different CH4flow rate. The films were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results show that the sp3/sp2ratio ranges from 0.18 to 0.63 with increasing of CH4flow rate. Hydrogen atoms in the films are mainly bonded to sp3carbon atoms. The film deposited at 60 sccm CH4flow rate exhibits the highest bonded hydrogen content.
Tunneling Properties in GaAs/Al0.33Ga0.67As/InxGa1-xAs Double-Barrier Resonant Tunneling Structures
Authors: Zhou Yuan Ming
Published: December 2011

We study the tunneling properties in GaAs/Al0.33Ga0.67As/InxGa1-xAs (x=0~0.05) double-barrier resonant tunneling structures. On increasing bias voltage, the behavior of current density for x=0 can be explained by the interplay between the increase of the supply function of available electrons and the decrease of transmission coefficient through device area. On increasing the Indium content from 0, the peak current density decreases, and the reason is that both the supply function and the transmission coefficient decreases. At zero bias, the structure is on resonance with the lowest x value of 0.02.
Effect of Loads on the Wear Properties of La2O3-MoSi2 Composite against SiC at Elevated Temperature
Authors: Gu Si Yong , Zhang Hou An , Shi Chun
Published: December 2011

Wear behaviours of La2O3-MoSi2composite against SiC under different loads at 1000°C and 0.126m/s sliding speed in air were investigated by using an XP-5 type high temperature friction and wear tester. The worn surfaces and phase of the sample were observed by scanning election microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. Results showed that friction coefficient and wear rate of La2O3-MoSi2composite and SiC decreased with the increase of loads. The wear mechanisms of La2O3-MoSi2composite are oxidation, adhesion abrasion and fatigue pitting.
Analysis on Crystal Structure of 7Å-Halloysite
Authors: Zhang Hua Li , Lei Xin Rong , Yan Chun Jie , Wang Hong Quan , Xiao Guo Qi , Hao Jia Rui , Wang Duo , Qiu Xiu Mei
Published: December 2011

Precise crystal structure determination of the Halloysite is extremely challenging because Halloysite naturally occurs as small cylinders and the ideal single crystal sample is unavailable. The up-to-date ICSD does not have the cystal structure data of Halloysite. With the development of computer science and technologies, the X-ray powder diffraction technologies have been commonly used in the crystal structure determination. This paper attempts to obtain the refined crystal structure of Halloysite by using the X-ray powder diffraction, on the assumption that the Halloysite and Kaolinite have a similar cystal structure, that is, the 1:1 phyllosilicates structure. The structure refinement program Rietica 2010 is used in this paper.
Improved Properties of CENR/PP Blends by Using Compatibilizers for Promoting the Interfacial Adhesion between Phases
Authors: Thitithammawong Anoma , Kaewsare Adam , Nakason Charoen
Published: December 2011

The influence of different types of compatibilizers on property improvement of the CENR/PP TPVs was investigated. The compatibilized TPVs exhibited superior tensile and dynamic-viscoelastic properties as well as better phase morphology than those of the uncompatibilized TPV. This contributed to compatibilizer reduced the interfacial tension and enhanced the interfacial adhesion between the phase boundaries. In this study, we found that the PP-g-Ph compatibilizer provided the CENR/PP TPVs with the best overall properties.
Effect of Casting Velocity on Microstructures of Almg0.9Si0.7 Alloy by Low-Superheat DC Casting
Authors: Zhao Da Zhi , Yu Fu Xiao , Liu Fang , He Ke Zhun
Published: December 2011

The billets of AlMg0.9Si0.7 alloy, which were cast through the direct chill (DC) casting process of low superheat, were analyzed to study the effect of casting velocity on the surface quality and the morphology of primary α grains. The results show that the nucleating quantity of primary α grains in the melt is increased obviously due to the low pouring temperature during DC casting of low superheat. The suitable temperature gradient in front of the solid-liquid interface is obtained by changing the casting velocity, and the dendritic growth of the primary α grains is inhibited effectively. The billet of AlMg0.9Si0.7 alloy with smooth surface and homogeneous, fine rosette-shaped grains is obtained at the velocity of 130mm/min.
The Viscous Coefficient Comparison between 2-D and 3-D Fluid Models in Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Xia Dong Yu , Sun Xi Shan , Wang Mei Fen
Published: December 2011

Abstract: In this paper，2-D and 3-D fluid models are calculated using equilibrium molecular dynamics simulation, the viscous coefficient and pressure are obtained under periodic boundary. By comparing and analyzing the differences of viscous coefficient and pressure curves between 2-D and 3-D fluid models, the way for how to use 2-D model to get the accurate viscous coefficient is found, the feasibility of 2-D model is discussed.
Effect of Alkali and Silane Treatment on the Thermal Stability of Hemp Fibers as Reinforcement in Composite Structures
Authors: Lu Na , Oza Shubhashini , Ferguson Ian
Published: December 2011

Natural fiber reinforced composites are being used as reinforcement material in composite system due to their positive environmental benefits. Added to that, natural fibers offer advantages such as low density, low cost, good toughness, high specific strength, relatively non-abrasive and wide availability. However, the low thermal stability of natural fibers is one of the major challenges to increase their use as reinforcing component. In this study, a thorough investigation has been done to compare the effect of two chemical treatment methods on the thermal stability of hemp fibers. 5wt% sodium hydroxide and 5wt% triethoxyvinylsilane was used for the treatment of hemp fibers. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and thermo gravimetric analysis were used for characterization of untreated and treated fiber. The results indicated that 24 hours alkali treatment and 3 hours silane treatment time enhanced the thermal stability of the hemp fiber. However, alkali treatment shows better improvement compared to silane treatment.
The Optimization of Thermomechanical Treatment and Properties of Cu-Fe-P Alloy C194
Authors: Chen Xiao Zhu , Yang Yuan Zheng , Lin Qiu Sheng , Bai Xiao Jun
Published: December 2011

The Cu-Fe-P alloy C194 for lead frames was prepared using thermomechanical treatments (TMT)．The effects of deformation ratio of cold rolling and aging temperature on the conductivity and micro hardness of C194 alloy during TMT were studied by a low DC resistance tester and a Vickers hardness tester. The results showed that the effect of aging temperature on conductivity was relatively larger than that of deformation ratio. After a series of experiments, the optimized TMT process was obtained. The strip with 1.4mm in thickness was first rolled to 1.0mm and first aged at 500°C for 2 hours, and second rolled to 0.3mm and second aged at 450°C for 2 hours, and finally rolled to 0.2mm and stress-release annealed at 330°C for one hour. The final strip products would reach to the best properties, such as, conductivity was 68.5 %IACS and microhardness was 149.9HV.
Secondary Hardening during Tempering of Cr-W-Mo-V High Alloy Medium-Upper Carbon Steel and its Hardness Forecast
Authors: Ma Yong Qing , Gao Hong Tao , Liang Yu Fen , Zhang Xiao Jing
Published: December 2011

Along with increasing W and Mo contents in Cr-W-Mo-V high alloy medium-upper carbon steels, the maximal hardness of secondary hardening during tempering is increasing gradually and arrives to 66.8HRC, and the congruent quenching temperature and the tempering temperature corresponding to maximal hardness are ascending. The quenching microstructure of experimental steels is matrix and a small quantity of undissolved carbides when the hardness is maximal, wich is corresponding to tempering temperature of remnant austenitic decomposing acutely. The precipitation of M6C and MC carbides was detected, and M7C3 and M3C carbides was detected too. But M23C6 carbide did not appear and M2C carbide was detected undistinguishably. The temperature range of tempering maximal hardness is 500°C-550°C, and an exact temperature is opposite to the mass fraction ratio of equilibrium carbide phases at the temperature. The tempering hardness value can be obtained from HS= a(1+b)/(0.0127a+0.00297), in which a is square root of saturation level of the carbon in the matrix and b is correction factor having something to do with alloy elements of carbide precipitation.
The Synergy Effects of Styrene-Maleic Anhydride Copolymer and Epoxy Resin on Interface Adhesion of ABS/Short Glass Fiber Composites
Authors: Guo Jian Bing , Xue Bin , He Min , Shao Hui Ju , Qin Shu Hao
Published: December 2011

The effects of styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer (SMA) and epoxy resin (ER) on the interfacial interaction of Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene terpolymer/Short glass fiber composites were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and mechanical properties. The experimental results demonstrate that SMA and ER could effectively improve interfacial interaction between the ABS and SGF. Based on SEM, good interfacial adhesion between ABS and SGF in ABS/SMA/ER/SGF and ABS/ER/SGF composites was observed. DMA results showed that SMA and ER decreased the glass transition temperature (Tg) and height of tanδ compared with ABS/SGF composites. The synergy effects of SMA and ER on the interface interaction was investigated. All results in this paper were consistent, and showed a good interaction between ABS and SGF, which was proven by the mechanical properties of the composites.
Stability Study on Perforated Columns in Steel Storage Racks under Axial Compression
Authors: Yu Shao Feng , Ge Yao
Published: December 2011

Steel storage rack structures have always been the mainly used type of those cold-formed thin-walled steel elements. Recently, it becomes more important to study its stability and bearing capacity. This paper selects a typical type of rack column-channel column and performs lots of analyzing work about overall buckling, local buckling and distortional buckling of perforated columns with different openings by using the finite element method.
Developing the Crystalline Structures and Dielectric Properties of Excess Bi2O3-Added 0.95(Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-0.05BaTiO3 Ceramics
Authors: Lin Ying Hsun , Cheng Ping Shou , Hsieh Yuan Tai , Tzou Wen Cheng , Wu Chia Ching , Wang Kuang Tao , Yang Chang Fu
Published: December 2011

0.95 (Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-0.05 BaTiO3 (NBT-BT3) compositions with excess x wt% Bi2O3 (NBT-BT3-x, with x=0, 1, 2, and 3) are sintered at 1200°C. When excess Bi2O3 is added, the NBT-BT3-1 ceramic displays the largest grain sizes, after which the grain sizes apparently decrease as more excess Bi2O3 is added. The lattice constants of calcined NBT-BT3 powder and NBT-BT3-x ceramics are calculated by the Rietveld full-pattern refinement method using the XRD standard pattern of ICSD-154041 and the measured XRD patterns of NBT-BT3-x ceramics. The refined values are compared with the measured XRD patterns to determine the cause of the distortion in the NBT-BT3-x ceramics. We show that NBT-BT3-1 ceramic has the minimum lattice constant a and maximum lattice constant c. The effects of excess Bi2O3 content on the dielectric properties of NBT-BT3-x ceramics are also discussed.
The Effect of Bonding Length on the Flexural Performance of Carbon Fiber Epoxy Matrix Composite Tubes
Authors: Di E Mei , Zhang Guo Li , Ma Ming , Chen Guang Wei , Chen Li
Published: December 2011

This paper attempts to explore the influence to flexural performance of carbon fiber epoxy matrix composite circular tubes which were bonded in four different bonding Length with adhesive. Under the different bonding length, i.e. 20, 25, 35 and 40mm, the flexural performance of carbon fiber epoxy matrix composite circular tubes which were bonded were tested. It is shown that the bonding length affect the flexural properties of composite tubes. The flexural strength and elastic modulus of specimens CFRL50 increase about 18.11% and 36.95% respectively, compared to specimens CFRL20. The flexural properties of bonding composite tubes increased with the increasing length of reinforced pieces L2. Embedded bonding technology can provide a good bonding performance for composite circle tubes.
Numerical Analysis for the Bending Process of Profile with Stiffener
Authors: Liu Chun Guo , Yao Yuan , Deng Yu Shan , Li Xue Zhen
Published: December 2011

Aluminum alloy profile has been widely used in manufacturing industry for weight reduction. In the bending process of profile, the cross-section distortion is a common defect and also springback always happens in unloading process. In the paper, the bending process of a hollow profile with stiffener was simulated to optimize the forming parameters. Different bending radiuses and inner pressure were chosen in FEM analysis and the suitable radius and calculation equation of pressure for the given profile were obtained. The springback at different bending radiuses were studied to provide the principle of shape compensation.
A Welding Gun Height Detection Method in Compulsively Short Circuiting Transfer Mode of Rotational Arc GMAW
Authors: Gao Yan Feng , Xiao Jian Hua
Published: December 2011

The characteristics of welding current in rotational arc GMAW were analyzed in this paper. It was found that the compulsively short circuiting transfer would take place when the electrode rotating to the sides of V groove. During the period of short circuiting transfer, the welding currents would sharply increase, so as to affect the average value of welding current in one rotational cycle. A novel method was proposed to detect the height of welding gun in this paper. The method use of least-square fitting method to fit the welding currents into a plane in three dimensions, and then through compute the distance between origin of coordinates and the plane to detect the height of welding gun. In the last, the validity of the method was proved through experiments.
High Efficiency Precision Surface Grinding of Fused Silica
Authors: Yao Peng , Gong Ya Dong , Yuan Suo Xian , Yoshihara Nobuhito , Yan Ji Wang , Kuriyagawa Tunemoto
Published: December 2011

High efficiency and high surface integrity grinding of fused silica lens used in the ultraviolet (UV) laser transmission equipments is highly demanded. It is necessary to decrease the undeformed chip thickness for producing better surface integrity. We conducted creep feed grinding (CFG) and conventional shallow cut grinding (SCG) experiments of fused silica with a resin bond diamond wheel. Experiment results shows that owing to thinner undeformed chip thickness, the normal grinding force, radial wheel wear and P-V value of surface roughness of CFG are smaller than those of SCG at the same MRR. At the same table speed, surface roughness decreased with the increase of MRR in both CFG and SCG as a result of decreased undeformed chip thickness which is attributed to the elasticity of resin bond.
Investigation of Temperature Distribution in High-Speed End Mill Assisted by Heat Pipe Cooling
Authors: Song Qing Hua , Ju Hua Wei , Tang Wei Xiao
Published: December 2011

A combined numerical and experimental study is performed to analyze the feasibility of using heat pipe cooling in milling applications. In this model, it is assumed that the end mill is subjected to a static heat source which verifies the analysis and feasibility of using heat pipe cooling in milling operations. The performance of heat pipe mill model is approximated using a solid cylinder model of pure conduction. Both the numerical and experimental studies show that the use of a heat pipe in a mill can reduce the temperature field significantly.
Parametric Design of the Fish-Tail Die Channel Based on SolidWorks
Authors: Chen Zai Liang , Gao Hui , Wang Fei
Published: December 2011

The paper proposes the method of optimization of the fish-tail, which include optimizing the height of cross section, optimizing diffusion angle. A development system of parametrical design is formed by using SolidWorks as platform and using its secondary development as tool. The parametric design system for fish-tail die channel can fully realized the parameterization and the automation; it not only advances efficiency of design, but also provides some useful referenced experience to parametrical system design of other parts.
Exploration on Continuous Extrusion Process Originate from Friction for Polymer
Authors: Fan Zhi Xin , Mu Bing Song , Barton D.C
Published: December 2011

This paper present exploration of polymer extrusion under melted temperature by conform process. The stress distribution of the process is described based on plastic mechanics. Solutions are presented and detailed comparisons are made between theoretical predictions and simulation results.
Effect of Normalizing on Texture and Deep-Drawing Property of 10Cr17 Ferrite Stainless Steel
Authors: Feng Yun Li , Li Shuang , Yin Jin Zhi , Du Ming Shan
Published: December 2011

The microstructure, mechanical properties and texture of 10Cr17 ferritic stainless strips were researched under two processes condition, without normalizing and with normalizing in the cover-type annealing furnance before picking and rolling. The results showed that the texture {111} was strengthed and the texture {001} was weakened of cover anneal’s strip, and high value of r was obtained. Meanwhile, the crimping defect paralleling to rolling direction was uneasy appeared during stretching and the strip show good deep-drawing performance after cover normalizing.
The Dimension Accuracy Analysis of Multi-Wire Flat Rolling Process
Authors: Lin Wei Shin , Lee Bean Yin , Hsu Yuan Chuan , Lin Jui Chang
Published: December 2011

In multi-wire flat rolling process, the error of the rolled wires in thickness was due to the roller deflection and the spring back of the rolled wire. In order to control the dimension accuracy, to know the quantity of thickness error precisely is very important. In this study, the DEFORM-3D finite element analysis software was used to simulate the multi-wire flat rolling process with the elastic-plastic deformation model, supposed the rollers as elastic body and the wires as elastic-plastic body through the rolling process. From the computer simulation results, it can be found that, the deflection of roller has the biggest effect on the dimension accuracy of wire. To control the deflection value of roller, besides roller material and the roller length, the choice of roller diameter is also very important.
Effect of Cooling Rate on Microstructure of Simulated CGHAZ for Modified High-Cr Ferritic Heat-Resistant Steel
Authors: Di Xin Jie , Xu Dan , Liu Yong Chang
Published: December 2011

The microstructure and carbide precipitate of simulated coarse grain heat affected zone(CGHAZ) in modified high Cr ferritic heat-resistant steel at different cooling rates have been investigated by means of thermal simulator, optical microscope, SEM and TEM . It was found that the microstructure of CGHAZ of testing steel was mainly lath martensite and δ-ferrite under the different welding thermal cycles. However, the prior austenite grain size reduced with increasing the cooling rate. Furthermore, with increasing the cooling rate, the amount of carbide precipitate inside laths of martensite increased, and the size and morphology of precipitates have changed from elongated and coarse to needlelike and fine.
PZT Thin Films from Bulk PZT for Vibration Power Harvester Applications
Authors: Deng Yong , Li Yi Gui , Yang Chun Sheng , Liu Jing Quan , He Dan Nong , Sugiyama Susumu
Published: December 2011

The objective of this work was the development of a technology for the fabrication of piezoelectric PZT thin films from bulk PZT on silicon wafer for micro power harvester applications. With the lapping technique, the thickness of bulk PZT was reduced from 300µm to 10µm at the top data. KOH etching for silicon was used to thin the thickness of silicon cantilever from 300µm to 15µm at the top data. The piezoelectric coefficient d31 was measured to be -12pC/N. Resonance frequency measurements on a 4mmX1mmX0.06mm cantilever resulted in a value of 430Hz, and the voltage output was around 0.68V at 1g acceleration. The result shows that the fabrication process is quite feasible.
Study of Combined Process in Micro-EDM
Authors: Chu Xu Yang , Li Po , Xue Wen Dong , Meng Chao , Chi Guan Xin
Published: December 2011

Micro-EDM is a flexible process which has many technique methods such as forming, drilling, milling, copying and WEDM. Combined these methods together can enhance the EDM machining ability. In this paper a set of route design regulations used in combined machining is proposed. Through these regulations, the optimal route of combined process can be obtained which can improve high machining quality and efficiency. To test performance of the regulations, the combined route of a micro part is designed and its fabrication is performed at last.
Investigation of Simple Beam Stiffness Amended Model Based on Finite Element Analysis Results
Authors: Li Yan Cong , Wan Sheng Mou
Published: December 2011

This paper gives an amended stiffness model of simple beam. Single-cylinder hydraulic machine upper beam as an example, amended stiffness model is established. Using orthogonal test method to determine the test program and carrying out finite element analysis to each test program. For the purpose of constructing the amended simply beam stiffness model, the overdetermined equations is established. By solving the overdetermined equation, the amended simply beam stiffness model is obtained. The error between the amended stiffness model results and the finite element analysis is less than 20%, so the amended model has certain validity.
Machining a Micro-Scale Structure Using an in-House Developed Miniature Machine Tool
Authors: Syaimak Abdul Shukor
Published: December 2011

Custom-built Miniature Machine Tools (MMTs) are now becoming more popular with the demand for reduced energy consumption and workshop floor when machining small/medium batch size micro-components. This paper investigates the capability of a custom-built 4-axis MMT through machining a micro-component demonstrator. The experiments have been carried out in Titanium Alloyed (TiAL6V4) using 0.6mm solid carbide flat end mill cutters. From here, the surface quality and geometrical accuracy of the machined testpiece are evaluated and analysed. The investigation has shown that acceptable geometrical accuracies and surface quality of the machined micro-demonstrator can be achieved using the in-house developed MMT. These results show that the use of the custom-made MMT does not hinder the micro-milling process to produce a good and satisfactory surface quality and acceptable geometrical accuracy.
Relating Analysis of Multi-Parameters of Constructed Wetland
Authors: Zheng Lei , Li Hong , Ding Ai Zhong , Liu Yu Lan
Published: December 2011

In this paper, relations between multi-parameters of the tested wastewater before and after treatment by a constructed wetland were analyzed using Spearman Rank Correlation to get better understand of the processes taken in the system. The results show that COD level of the influent is positive related to DO concentration in the influent while slightly related to COD of the effluent. Concentrations of TN and ammonia in the influent are negative correlated to DO of effluent. DO and carbon source are the most important factors influencing the efficiency of the tested constructed wetland.
Influence of Refractory᾽s Poisson’s Ratio on the Stress Field of COREX Gasifier Top
Authors: Xue Wen Dong , Huang Xiao Xiao , Xie Jing , Ding Qiang
Published: December 2011

Poisson’s ratio and elastic modulus are important parameters reflecting resistance to deformation and mechanical properties of refractory. In this paper the effect of posision’s ratio and elastic modulus on the stress field of the top of gasifier was investigated by numerical simulation. It is concluded that when for working lining poisson’s ratio is 0.15, elastic modulus is 128.8×107Pa, for permanent lining poisson's ratio is 0.1, the elastic modulus of 47.7 × 107Pa, the stress of the top is smaller and it is conductive to long-time use of top refractory.
Vibration Modal Analysis of Involve Gear with Asymmetric Tooth Profile and Double Pressure Angles
Authors: Li Wei , Liu Ning , Li Ning , Liu Yan Jun , Ma Liang
Published: December 2011

The 3D model of gear with asymmetric profile and double pressure angles is built by the autodesk inventor software. It is imported and analyzed by the ANSYS software. Then each order natural frequencies and mode shapes are obtained. So resonance and harmful mode shapes can be avoided, and dynamic performances of gear with asymmetric profile and double pressure angles is improved. This paper has a certain reference value for the dynamic design of other types of gears.
Design of Temperature Control System Based on Fuzzy PID
Authors: Li Jian Wei , Yan Cun Fu , Liu Jun
Published: December 2011

To adjust temperature as the requirement of process curve, an intelligent control system of temperature was designed. In the system, the fuzzy rule was used to adjust parameters of PID controller. Adjusted PID controller was used to control the change of temperature. The system can avoid the disadvantages of common PID, such as, long setting time, wide overshoot, and acquire better control characteristic. It were expatiated that principle and method of control. The hardware structure and the software flow chart were also introduced.
Pressure Pulsation System in Electro-Hydraulic Control Valve of Engineering Mechanical
Authors: Kong Xiang Zhen , Zang Fa Ye
Published: December 2011

In order to overcome steady-state error and low-velocity scrawl problems caused by friction in electro-hydraulic control system of engineering mechanical, method for overcoming nonlinear friction force of pressure pulsation system is adopted in this study. A new pressure pulsation system is proposed, mathematical model of the pressure pulsation system is established, based on the MATLAB fuzzy control strategy and simulation. The results show good dynamic performance of the system.
The Research of CAD System in Three-Plate Parallel Indexing Cam Mechanism
Authors: Xu Feng , He Yan Hui , He Wei , Li Hong Tia
Published: December 2011

The CAD system for three-plate parallel cam indexing is developed by means of Pro/toolkit and Visual C++ 6.0. The main idea is to encapsulate the whole design process into the system. Users simply enter the geometric parameters and motional parameters of three-plate parallel indexing cam into the interface and can obtain the graphs of the parallel indexing cam and other parts in required size. The system can offer a fast, accurate and dynamic design, and shorten the product design and reduce the production costs.