bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digital calendars for flexible organizational routines
Authors: Akoumianakis Demosthenes , Ktistakis George
Published: April 2017

Purpose

Online calendar services (OCS) are primarily used for temporal orientation and reminding. Nonetheless, calendar work may also entail generic activities such as scheduling, tracking, archive and recall and retrieval which are not adequately supported by available systems. The purpose of the paper is to explore how online calendaring may be re-configured and re-aligned to alleviate these shortcomings, thus servicing accountability in team work and flexibility in organizational routines.

Design/methodology/approach

Following a design science research methodology, the authors review “justifiable failures” or deliberate non-use of OCS and establish the rationale for, design and evaluate a digital service that configures calendaring as an ecology of separate digital materials supporting file-, photo- and video-sharing services, online argumentation, project/task management and social bookmarking. The new service is a digital composite of materials that incrementally co-adapt and co-evolve to serve primary and secondary work-oriented activities. The authors assess the value of the digital composite in two empirical settings and discuss intrinsic features that create new possibilities for action.

Findings

The authors present the rationale, design, implementation and evaluation of a new digital composite calendaring service which is deployed in two empirical settings, namely group vacation planning and collective information management. Each case features different re-configurations of calendaring to serve human intentions. In vacation planning, the digital composite of the calendar operates as a mashup allowing peers to negotiate, schedule and track vacation options and archive, recall or retrieve digital memories of vacations. In the case of collective information management, the digital composite is further augmented so as to re-align performative and ostensive aspects of routines in a regional organic farming partnership.

Practical implications

Digital composites rely on the interdependent operation of different bounded systems and services to establish configured ecologies of (previously) separate digital artifacts. The practical implications of digital composites are that they can appropriate performative capacities which are already established and embedded across different settings. As a result, they enact complex digital assemblages which can re-align not only daily activities but also organizational routines. On the other hand, digital composites remain in flux, since their state, at any moment in time, is partly determined (even temporarily) by the state of their constituent parts.

Originality/value

Calendaring as presented in this paper defines a genre of digital artifacts that promote flexible and accountable collaborative work while exploiting material agency and resources distributed across digital settings. As such, it establishes a kind of meta-material that invokes collective social agency, thus re-aligning performative and ostensive aspects of organizational routines.
Decoding training effectiveness: the role of organisational factors
Authors: Kodwani Amitabh Deo
Published: April 2017

Purpose

Organisations invest heavily in training and development initiatives (Miller, 2012). However, a small percentage of what is learnt by the trainees from training gets transferred to the job (Mackay, 2007). The purpose of this study is to extend previous findings and examine various organisational factors, which have not been studied sufficiently, that influence training transfer.

Design/methodology/approach

A conceptual model based on previous research work is hypothesised and tested. The sample included 123 full-time employees working at one of the major public sector organisations operating in India.

Findings

The result suggested that training transfer climate, training awareness, participation and involvement in training decision and training assessment mechanism were found to be positively and significantly related to perceived training transfer.

Research limitations/implications

Typical limitations consistent with self-report measures (e.g. social desirability) apply to this study as well. Another limitation was the small sample size. Future studies should assess a large sample size. Future research may assess the extent to which not only trainees but also other training stakeholders, such as trainers and supervisors, feel accountable and responsible for training and its transfer. This would provide a stronger test of the accountability hypothesis. It would also be worthwhile to study the type of evaluation/assessment mechanism that would be more appropriate for training transfer.

Practical implications

Organisations should take care of these organisational factors for increasing the transfer of training at the workplace. Organisations can have better control over these factors compared to individual-related variables. Future research studies may also look at the role of evaluation/assessment feedback in training transfer. Finally, the mediating or moderating role of some of the organisational factors can also be considered for future research work.

Originality/value

This study is an attempt to add value to the present literature on training transfer by focusing on organisational factors. Most factors studied were neglected by previous research studies. Hence, this is a moderate attempt to add to the transfer of training literature.
Managing social and human capital in organizations
Authors: Manuti Amelia , Impedovo Maria Antonietta , De Palma Pasquale Davide
Published: April 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the role of communities of practice in organizations and their most beneficial effects for both individual and collective development.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on a literature review, from the first authoritative texts by Lave and Wenger until the most recent critiques, the paper has attempted to conciliate the individual and the organizational perspectives about this precious tool for knowledge management and creation.

Findings

Because of their distinctive features, a joint enterprise, a mutual engagement and a shared repertoire, if strategically managed, might resort to individual and organizational positive outcomes. From an individual perspective, communities could be beneficial in developing professional skills, a stronger sense of identity and finding continuity even during discontinuity and change. From an organizational perspective, communities of practice could help drive the strategy, start new lines of business, solve problems quickly and transfer best practices.

Research limitations/implications

Many limitations about this conceptualization have been presented. Therefore, future research should try to focus on communities within different socio-cultural contexts and within different kinds of organizations.

Practical implications

Practical implications about the use of communities of practice within organizational contexts are mainly linked to the enhancement of human and social capital seen as a strategic, although intangible, asset.

Social implications

The social implications of this paper are connected to the contribution to the discussion on the theme which is quite uncommon in human resource management research.

Originality/value

The value of this paper is the attempt to connect the communities of practice to human and social capital.
Volition to transfer: mastering obstacles in training transfer
Authors: Seiberling Christian , Kauffeld Simone
Published: April 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to seek a better understanding of the role of volition in the learning transfer system beyond the well-established concept of motivation to transfer.

Design/methodology/approach

Participants of a two-day leadership training were asked to complete two online questionnaires (t1 directly after training, t2 eight weeks after training). In total, 891 managers answered the first questionnaire, 465 the second.

Findings

Confirmatory factor analysis suggests that motivation and volition to transfer are perceived as two different constructs. Hierarchical linear regression shows that additional variance in training transfer can be explained when volition to transfer is taken into account. Structural equation models and bootstrap analysis suggest that both motivation and volition to transfer mediate effects of supervisor support and trainer performance on training transfer.

Research limitations/implications

The results imply that besides motivation to transfer, volition to transfer may be a relevant construct in the transfer of training. It remains to be tested how far these findings can be generalized to other training settings beside leadership trainings.

Practical implications

Organizations aiming at improving training transfer should focus on enhancing the participants’ motivation and volition to transfer. Both trainers and supervisors seem to promote transfer of training by influencing a trainee’s motivation to transfer and volition to transfer.

Originality/value

To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to systematically examine the role of volition in training transfer.
Temporal and spatial activity‐associated energy partitioning in free‐swimming sea snakes
Authors: Udyawer Vinay , Simpfendorfer Colin A. , Heupel Michelle R. , Clark Timothy D.
Published: April 2017

Partitioning energy between critical basal functions and activity‐associated behaviours is a primary determinant of animal survival. Consequently, habitat selection is likely to be driven by the efficiency with which resources can be acquired from a heterogeneous energy landscape.

Determining how energy partitioning is achieved across temporal and spatial scales is particularly challenging in aquatic animals due to the logistical limitations in estimating field metabolic rates (FMR) while simultaneously examining habitat choice.

Here, acoustic telemetry using accelerometers alongside bimodal respirometry were used to correlate vectorial dynamic body acceleration (VeDBA) with oxygen consumption rates () of sea snakes (Hydrophis curtus and Hydrophis elegans) across an ecologically relevant temperature range. Subsequently, VeDBA of free‐roaming snakes was used to estimate activity‐associated FMR within a near‐shore environment over diel, seasonal and spatial scales.

Diel changes in activity explained short‐term patterns in FMR, whereas seasonal changes in water temperature drove long‐term patterns. Spatial analyses demonstrated that activity‐associated FMR was elevated in productive seagrass and mudflat habitats, indicative of a concentration of foraging efforts.

Our findings illustrate for the first time how sea snakes partition activity‐associated FMR across time and space, providing an approach by which we can monitor the impacts of, and vulnerabilities to, natural and anthropogenic disturbances like warming and trawl fisheries.

A lay summary is available for this article.
Biological invasion modifies the co‐occurrence patterns of insects along a stress gradient
Authors: Carbonell José Antonio , Velasco Josefa , Millán Andrés , Green Andy J. , Coccia Cristina , Guareschi Simone , Gutiérrez‐Cánovas Cayetano
Published: April 2017

Biological invasions have become one of the most important drivers of biodiversity loss and ecosystem change world‐wide. However, it is still unclear how invasions may interact with local abiotic stressors, which are expected to increase as global change intensifies. Furthermore, we know little about the response to biological invasions of insects, despite their disproportionate contribution to global animal biodiversity.

The aim of the present work is to investigate the impact of an invasive aquatic insect on the co‐occurrence patterns of native species of insects along a salinity gradient, and determine which assembly rules are driving these patterns.

First, we characterised the habitat specialisation and functional niches of each species from physiological and biological traits, respectively, and their degree of overlap. Second, we used field data to compare the co‐occurrence patterns of native and invasive species in invaded and non‐invaded areas of southern Iberia and northern Morocco. Finally, we tested if habitat filtering or niche differentiation assembly rules mediate their co‐occurrence.

In non‐invaded areas, habitat filtering drives habitat segregation of species along the salinity gradient, with a lower contribution of niche differentiation. The presence of the invasive insect modifies the distribution and co‐occurrence patterns of native species. In invaded areas, niche differentiation seems to be the main mechanism to avoid competition among the invasive and native species, enabling coexistence and resource partitioning.

The combined study of functional niche similarity and abiotic stressor tolerance of invasive and native species can improve our understanding of the effects of invasive species along abiotic stress gradients. This approach may increase our capacity to predict the outcomes of biological invasion in a global change context.

A lay summary is available for this article.
Transcriptomic responses to conspecific and congeneric competition in co‐occurring Trifolium
Authors: Bowsher Alan W. , Shetty Prateek , Anacker Brian L. , Siefert Andrew , Strauss Sharon Y. , Friesen Maren L.
Published: April 2017

Species coexistence requires differential response to inter‐ and intraspecific competition, typically conceptualized as niche differentiation. Coexistence of close relatives therefore poses an interesting scenario with regards to niche differentiation since these species generally have many traits in common due to shared ancestry. Native Californian Trifolium assemblages are locally diverse and represent a unique system for understanding competitive interactions among close relatives.

We conducted two similar greenhouse studies in which Trifolium fucatum was grown alone, with a conspecific competitor, and with a congeneric competitor (Trifolium macraei). In the first study, we assessed biomass production in T. fucatum, and in the second study we conducted an RNAseq analysis of T. fucatum roots to test for differentially expressed genes that may mediate competitive interactions and potentially coexistence.

Compared to plants grown alone, competition (i.e. growth in the same pot) with a conspecific resulted in a greater reduction in biomass than competition with a congener, as predicted by theory. However, competition with a congener resulted in twice as many differentially expressed genes as competition with a conspecific.

Annotations of identified genes differentiating congeneric from conspecific competition suggest several functions attributed to interactions with third‐party organisms, including nodulation with rhizobial mutualists, and defence responses against pathogens and herbivores. In addition, salt‐responsive genes and an iron transporter were differentially expressed in congeneric competition, and comparisons of sodium and iron concentrations in field soils where these species are found showed that T. fucatum occurs in higher sodium and iron microsites than T. macraei. Thus, the transcriptome highlighted abiotic niche axes worth pursuing in future ecological experiments as potential mediators of coexistence.

We also found a subset of genes that responded similarly to both congeneric and conspecific competition in both direction and magnitude, indicating some conserved responses to competition, regardless of neighbour identity.

Synthesis. Transcriptomic analyses represent novel tools for identifying the molecular mechanisms underlying interactions among species. Working iteratively with ecological experimentation and observation, transcriptomes may allow us to identify novel dimensions of the n‐dimensional niche that determine species’ distributions and their ability to coexist.
Comparative stability of aspartame and neotame in yoghurt
Authors: Kumari Anuradha , Arora Sumit , Choudhary Sonika , Singh Ashish Kumar , Tomar Sudhir K
Published: April 2017

The comparative stability of aspartame and neotame was monitored in yoghurt during its processing, fermentation and storage. A solid‐phase extraction method was suggest changing it to developed for the isolation of aspartame and neotame. Pasteurisation (85 °C/30 min) resulted in approximately 47% and 3% loss of aspartame and neotame, respectively. During fermentation, 3% loss of aspartame was observed, but no loss of neotame. There was no significant effects on the stability of either aspartame or neotame during storage (4–7 °C/15 days). The results indicated that neotame was more stable than aspartame under both pasteurisation and fermentation conditions; however, during storage, both sweeteners exhibited excellent stability.
Challenges for the Brazilian Agricultural Innovation System
Authors: Moreddu Catherine , Contini Elisio , Ávila Flávio
Published: April 2017

The Brazilian agricultural innovation system benefits from the strength of public research institutions, notably the Brazilian Corporation for Agricultural Research (Embrapa), which has permitted the development of innovations adapted to practical problems. These innovations have been quickly adopted by large, commercial farms, resulting in high agricultural productivity and production growth. Continuous public investment and high research intensity have created a large capacity in agricultural R&D, which is well‐recognised at the regional and world level. Much needed efforts to improve the co‐ordination of agricultural R&D organisations and to encourage partnerships among public and private actors are ongoing. Rationalising efforts and exploiting synergies will become all the more important in the current economic slowdown in the country. The difficult business environment and the lack of capacity in local agri‐food companies, however, limit private investment in agricultural innovation. It is therefore important to maintain public research infrastructure and capacity in the long term. Quicker and wider adoption of innovation at the farm level is also needed to respond to future challenges and opportunities, and to maintain high productivity growth while improving sustainability performance. Strengthening the capacity of the public advisory system to reach a wider range of farmers within a more integrated innovation system would help in that regard.
Primary, secondary and compensated hypogonadism: a novel risk stratification for infertile men
Authors: Ventimiglia E. , Ippolito S. , Capogrosso P. , Pederzoli F. , Cazzaniga W. , Boeri L. , Cavarretta I. , Alfano M. , Viganò P. , Montorsi F. , Salonia A.
Published: April 2017

Recently, the cohort of men from the European Male Ageing Study has been stratified into different categories distinguishing primary, secondary and compensated hypogonadism. A similar classification has not yet been applied to the infertile population. We performed a cross‐sectional study enrolling 786 consecutive Caucasian‐European infertile men segregated into eugonadal [normal serum total testosterone (≥3.03 ng/mL) and normal luteinizing hormone (≤9.4 mU/mL)], secondary (low total testosterone, low/normal luteinizing hormone), primary (low total testosterone, elevated luteinizing hormone) and compensated hypogonadism (normal total testosterone; elevated luteinizing hormone). In this cross‐sectional study, logistic regression models tested the association between semen parameters, clinical characteristics and the defined gonadal status. Eugonadism, secondary, primary and compensated hypogonadism were found in 80, 15, 2, and 3% of men respectively. Secondary hypogonadal men were at highest risk for obesity [OR (95% CI): 3.48 (1.98–6.01)]. Primary hypogonadal men were those at highest risk for azoospermia [24.54 (6.39–161.39)] and testicular volume <15 mL [12.80 (3.40–83.26)]. Compensated had a similar profile to primary hypogonadal men, while their risk of azoospermia [5.31 (2.25–13.10)] and small testicular volume [8.04 (3.17–24.66)] was lower. The risk of small testicular volume [1.52 (1.01–2.33)] and azoospermia [1.76 (1.09–2.82)] was increased, although in a milder fashion, in secondary hypogonadal men as well. Overall, primary and compensated hypogonadism depicted the worst clinical picture in terms of impaired fertility. Although not specifically designed for infertile men, European Male Ageing Study categories might serve as a clinical stratification tool even in this setting.
Editorial: Clostridium difficile and inflammatory bowel disease – is it always a bad combination?
Authors: Nelson A. , Tsai H. H.
Published: April 2017

Linked Content

This article is linked to Law et al paper. To view this article visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13972.
Editorial: CT‐P13, a biosimilar of anti‐tumour necrosis factor‐alpha agent (infliximab), in inflammatory bowel diseases
Authors: Felwick R. , Cummings J. R. F.
Published: April 2017

Linked Content

This article is linked to Komaki et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13990 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14060.
Body mass index associates with white matter microstructure in bipolar depression
Authors: Mazza Elena , Poletti Sara , Bollettini Irene , Locatelli Clara , Falini Andrea , Colombo Cristina , Benedetti Francesco
Published: April 2017

Objectives

Obesity has been reported in over 60% of bipolar disorder (BD) patients. It worsens the severity of illness, and influences cognition and functional outcomes. White matter (WM) abnormalities are one of the most consistently reported findings in neuroimaging studies of BD. We hypothesized that body mass index (BMI) could correlate with WM integrity in bipolar patients.

Methods

We evaluated BMI in a sample of 164 depressed patients affected by BD. We performed whole‐brain tract‐based spatial statistics with threshold‐free cluster enhancement for the diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures of WM integrity: fractional anisotropy; axial, radial, and mean diffusivity.

Results

We observed that BMI was associated with DTI measures of WM integrity in several fiber tracts: anterior corona radiata, anterior thalamic radiation, inferior fronto‐occipital fasciculus and corpus callosum.

Conclusions

The association of BMI in key WM tracts that are crucial to mood regulation and neurocognitive functioning suggests that BMI might contribute to the pathophysiology of BD through a detrimental action on structural connectivity in critical cortico‐limbic networks.
Newsworthiness vs scientific impact: are the most highly cited urology papers the most widely disseminated in the media?
Authors: O'Connor Eabhann M. , Nason Gregory J. , O'Kelly Fardod , Manecksha Rustom P. , Loeb Stacy
Published: April 2017

Objective

To assess whether a correlation exists between newsworthiness (Altmetric score) and scientific impact markers, such as citation analysis, impact factors, and levels of evidence.

Methods

The top five most cited articles for the year 2014 and 2015 from the top 10 ranking urology journals (Scientific Impact Group) were identified. The top 50 articles each in 2014 and 2015 were identified from Altmetric support based on media activity (Media Impact Group). We determined the number of citations that these articles received in the scientific literature, and calculated correlations between citations with Altmetric scores.

Results

In the Scientific Impact Group, the mean number of citations per article was 37.6, and the most highly cited articles were oncology guidelines. The mean Altmetric score in these articles was 14.8. There was a weak positive correlation between citations and Altmetric score (rs = 0.35, 95% confidence interval 0.16–0.52, P < 0.001). In the Media Impact Group, the mean Altmetric score was 121.1 and most widely shared articles all related to sexual medicine. In this group, the mean number of citations was 9.7 and there was a weak negative correlation between Altmetric score and citations (rs = −0.20, P = 0.046).

Conclusion

The top articles based on Altmetric scores were not highly cited, suggesting that publications receiving the most media attention may not be the most scientifically rigorous, or that this audience places greater value on different subjects than the scientific community.
Well‐differentiated neuroendocrine tumors in skin: Terminology and diagnostic utility of cytokeratin 5/6 and p63
Authors: Panse Gauri , Cowper Shawn E. , Leffell David J. , Pulitzer Melissa , Ko Christine J.
Published: April 2017

Background

Well‐differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (WDNETs) in skin include metastases from visceral primary sites and very uncommonly, primary cutaneous carcinoid tumors. Cutaneous WDNET may present a diagnostic challenge and in particular can be mistaken for a benign skin adnexal tumor. In contrast to cutaneous adnexal tumors, metastatic adenocarcinomas to the skin are cytokeratin 5/6 (CK5/6) and p63 negative in the majority of cases. It is unclear if failure to stain with CK5/6 and p63 would be helpful in differentiating WDNETs from cutaneous adnexal neoplasms.

Methods

We reviewed 10 cases of cutaneous WDNETs (8 cases of metastatic disease and 2 presumed primary carcinoid tumors of the skin) and performed immunohistochemical stains for CK5/6 and p63 on all cases.

Results

All 10 cases were negative with both CK5/6 and p63.

Conclusion

Negative staining for CK5/6 and p63 can be helpful to distinguish WDNETs from cutaneous adnexal neoplasms. It is important to consider WDNETs in the differential diagnosis of cutaneous adnexal neoplasms as low‐grade tumors may be the first sign of aggressive metastatic disease.
Metformin‐associated lactic acidosis (MALA): Moving towards a new paradigm
Authors: Lalau Jean‐Daniel , Kajbaf Farshad , Protti Alessandro , Christensen Mette M. , De Broe Marc E. , Wiernsperger Nicolas
Published: April 2017

Although metformin has been used for over 60 years, the balance between the drug's beneficial and adverse effects is still subject to debate. Following an analysis of how cases of so‐called “metformin‐associated lactic acidosis” (MALA) are reported in the literature, the present article reviews the pitfalls to be avoided when assessing the purported association between metformin and lactic acidosis. By starting from pathophysiological considerations, we propose a new paradigm for lactic acidosis in metformin‐treated patients. Metformin therapy does not necessarily induce metformin accumulation, just as metformin accumulation does not necessarily induce hyperlactatemia, and hyperlactatemia does not necessarily induce lactic acidosis. In contrast to the conventional view, MALA probably accounts for a smaller proportion of cases than either metformin‐unrelated lactic acidosis or metformin‐induced lactic acidosis. Lastly, this review highlights the need for substantial improvements in the reporting of cases of lactic acidosis in metformin‐treated patients. Accordingly, we propose a check‐list as a guide to clinical practice.
Hair follicle dermal stem cells and skin‐derived precursor cells: Exciting tools for endogenous and exogenous therapies
Authors: Agabalyan Natacha A. , Rosin Nicole L. , Rahmani Waleed , Biernaskie Jeff
Published: April 2017

Understanding the cellular interactions and molecular signals underlying hair follicle (HF) regeneration may have significant implications for restorative therapies for skin disease that diminish hair growth, whilst also serving to provide fundamental insight into the mechanisms underlying adult tissue regeneration. One of the major, yet underappreciated, players in this process is the underlying HF mesenchyme. Here, we provide an overview of a mesenchymal progenitor pool referred to as hair follicle dermal stem cells (hfDSCs), discuss their potential functions within the skin and their relationship to skin‐derived precursors (SKPs), and consider unanswered questions about the function of these specialized fibroblasts. We contend that dermal stem cells provide an important reservoir of renewable dermal progenitors that may enable development of novel restorative therapies following hair loss, skin injury or disease.
Transforming growth factor β‐inhibitor Repsox downregulates collagen expression of scleroderma dermal fibroblasts and prevents bleomycin‐induced mice skin fibrosis
Authors: Ide Maho , Jinnin Masatoshi , Tomizawa Yukiko , Wang Zhongzhi , Kajihara Ikko , Fukushima Satoshi , Hashizume Yoshinobu , Asano Yoshihide , Ihn Hironobu
Published: April 2017

Inhibition of transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1 signalling may be one of the most reliable approaches to treat skin fibrosis of scleroderma. Although there have been many basic researches of TGF‐β blockade reagents, few of them were proved to have inhibitory effects on fibrosis both in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we randomly chose four commercially available low molecular weight compounds (Repsox, LY2109761, LY364947 and K02288) from TGF‐β1 inhibitor library, and compared their antifibrotic effects in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrated that Repsox has the most potent inhibitory effects on TGF‐β‐induced expression of CTGF and collagen of cultured normal dermal fibroblasts in vitro and their constitutive overexpression of scleroderma fibroblast in vitro. In addition, Repsox could attenuate skin fibrosis by bleomycin in vivo, via the downregulation of CTGF or collagen. Our results may facilitate clinical trial of Repsox against fibrotic diseases in future.
Physical activities impact sense of coherence among community‐dwelling older adults
Authors: Monma Takafumi , Takeda Fumi , Okura Tomohiro
Published: April 2017

Aim

The objective of the present study was to investigate bidirectional longitudinal relationships between sense of coherence (SOC) and physical activities (PA) among community‐dwelling older adults.

Methods

Self‐administered questionnaires were sent to 508 community‐dwelling adults aged 65–85 years who expressed their intention to participate in our surveys including cognitive function tests and physical performance tests. Of these, 427 people responded to the baseline survey, and 223 of them participated in the follow‐up survey 1 year later. Finally, the number of eligible respondents who had no missing values in all data was 179 (valid response rate: 35.2%). We used the 13‐item five‐point version of the Sense of Coherence Scale to assess SOC variables, and the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly to assess PA variables. A structural equation modeling method was used to analyze bidirectional longitudinal relationships between SOC and PA. Cross‐lagged effects and synchronous effects models were applied to analyze these relationships. Demographic variables (age, sex, education, living arrangements, medical histories, employment status), cognitive function and physical performance were used as control variables.

Results

Leisure‐time PA had a cross‐lagged effect (β = 0.117, P < 0.05) and a synchronous effect (β = 0.217, P < 0.001) on SOC. In contrast, no significant effect of SOC on any type of PA was observed in either the cross‐lagged effects model or the synchronous effects model.

Conclusions

Leisure‐time PA might contribute to enhancing SOC in community‐dwelling older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 2208–2215.
Distance‐based Permutation of Inter‐Meal Differences as a Sensitive Test of Temporomandibular Joint Nociception in Rats
Authors: Umorin Mikhail , Kramer Phillip R. , Bellinger Larry L.
Published: April 2017

We compare nonparametric permutation method using intra‐meal rate as endpoint with existing ANOVA method that uses average daily meal duration as an endpoint for detection of chronic pain in Sprague‐Dawley rats. Nociception following bilateral temporomandibular joint (TMJ) injection of high dose of Complete Freunds Adjuvant (CFA, 250 μg/50 μL per side) could be detected in young adult male Sprague‐Dawley rats using average daily meal durations as a measure of nociception for up to 19 days (Kramer, Kerins, Schneiderman & Bellinger, Physiology & Behavior, 99, 2010; 669) using ANOVA and multiple comparison range tests. In this study, we reanalyzed the data using a nonparametric permutation procedure based on absolute differences between intra‐meal feeding rate curves. In addition to that experiment, we injected bilaterally the TMJ of naive rats with either a low‐dose CFA (15 μg/50 μL per side, n = 6) or saline (50 μL of 0.9%, n = 4) and monitored the animals for 7 days. The permutation test of the intra‐meal feeding rate detected the presence of nociception in the high‐dose CFA treatment group for up to 40 days or twice as long as when using ANOVA on average daily meal durations. The permutation method also detected the low‐dose CFA‐induced nociception with ten times lower p‐values and for several days longer than ANOVA of changes in meal durations. CFA‐induced injury resulted in even reduction in intra‐meal feeding rate and lengthening of the meals in both high‐ and low‐dose CFA‐injected animals. The rate analysis also showed when the rats first started a meal they were experiencing the same level of nociception as at the end of the meal. This demonstrated that intra‐meal chewing itself did not alter the level of nociception. These results suggest that permutation tests based on differences in intra‐meal feeding rates can be used as a sensitive test to determine and study the temporal patterns of TMJ nociception.
Yoga and Cognitive‐behavioral Interventions to Reduce Stress in Incoming College Students: A Pilot Study
Authors: Park Crystal L. , Riley Kristen E. , Braun Tosca D. , Jung Ji Yeon , Suh Hyungyung G. , Pescatello Linda S. , Antoni Michael H.
Published: April 2017

We examined the feasibility and differential efficacy of cognitive‐behavioral stress management (CBSM) and yoga for first‐year college students to reduce stress and improve mental and physical health. Thirty‐four incoming first‐year female students were assigned to 8 weeks of yoga, CBSM, or a wait‐list control. Assessments were made at baseline, end of intervention, and 4 months after intervention end. Both CBSM and yoga produced salutary changes in psychosocial and behavioral health as well as health‐related measures of physical function and activity relative to the control group. Stress‐management interventions are feasible and highly regarded by first‐year women and demonstrate promising effects.
Twenty‐four‐hour variations in blood glucose level in Japanese type 2 diabetes patients based on continuous glucose monitoring
Authors: Hajime Maiko , Okada Yosuke , Mori Hiroko , Otsuka Takashi , Kawaguchi Mayuko , Miyazaki Megumi , Kuno Fumi , Sugai Kei , Sonoda Satomi , Tanaka Kenichi , Kurozumi Akira , Narisawa Manabu , Torimoto Keiichi , Arao Tadashi , Tanaka Yoshiya
Published: April 2017

Aims/Introduction

High fluctuations in blood glucose are associated with various complications. The correlation between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level and fluctuations in blood glucose level has not been studied in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. In the present study, blood glucose profile stratified by HbA1c level was evaluated by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in Japanese type 2 diabetes patients.

Materials and Methods

Our retrospective study included 294 patients with type 2 diabetes who were divided by HbA1c level into five groups (≥6.0 to <7.0%, ≥7.0 to <8.0%, ≥8.0 to <9.0%, ≥9.0 to <10.0% and ≥10%). The correlation between HbA1c level and CGM data was analyzed. The primary end‐point was the difference in blood glucose fluctuations among the HbA1c groups.

Results

The mean blood glucose level increased significantly with increasing HbA1c (Ptrend < 0.01). The standard deviation increased with increases in HbA1c (Ptrend < 0.01). The mean amplitude of glycemic excursions did not vary significantly with HbA1c. The levels of maximum blood glucose, minimum blood glucose, each preprandial blood glucose, each postprandial maximum blood glucose, range of increase in postprandial glucose from pre‐meal to after breakfast, the area under the blood concentration–time curve >180 mg/dL and percentage of the area under the blood concentration–time curve >180 mg/dL were higher with higher HbA1c. Mean glucose level and pre‐breakfast blood glucose level were significant and independent determinants of HbA1c.

Conclusions

In Japanese patients treated for type 2 diabetes, the mean amplitude of glycemic excursions did not correlate with HbA1c, making it difficult to assess blood glucose fluctuations using HbA1c. Parameters other than HbA1c are required to evaluate fluctuations in blood glucose level in patients receiving treatment for type 2 diabetes.
A Probabilistic Dynamic Material Flow Analysis Model for Chinese Urban Housing Stock
Authors: Cao Zhi , Shen Lei , Zhong Shuai , Liu Litao , Kong Hanxiao , Sun Yanzhi
Published: April 2017

The stock‐driven dynamic material flow analysis (MFA) model is one of the prevalent tools to investigate the evolution and related material metabolism of the building stock. There exists substantial uncertainty inherent to input parameters of the stock‐driven dynamic building stock MFA model, which has not been comprehensively evaluated yet. In this study, a probabilistic, stock‐driven dynamic MFA model is established and China's urban housing stock is selected as the empirical case. This probabilistic dynamic MFA model has the ability to depict the future evolution pathway of China's housing stock and capture uncertainties in its material stock, inflow, and outflow. By means of probabilistic methods, a detailed and transparent estimation of China's housing stock and its material metabolism behavior is presented. Under a scenario with a saturation level of the population, urbanization, and living space, the median value of the urban housing stock area, newly completed area, and demolished area would peak at around 49, 2.2, and 2.2 billion square meters, respectively. The corresponding material stock and flows are 79, 3.5, and 3.3 billion tonnes, respectively. Uncertainties regarding housing stock and its material stock and flows are non‐negligible. Relative uncertainties of the material stock and flows are above 50%. The uncertainty importance analysis demonstrates that the material intensity and the total population are major contributions to the uncertainty. Policy makers in the housing sector should consider the material efficiency as an essential policy to mitigate material flows of the urban building stock and to lower the risk of policy failures.
Role of autophagy in oocytogenesis, embryogenesis, implantation, and pathophysiology of pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Nakashima Akitoshi , Aoki Aiko , Kusabiraki Tae , Shima Tomoko , Yoshino Osamu , Cheng Shi‐Bin , Sharma Surendra , Saito Shigeru
Published: April 2017

Autophagy is a well‐conserved mechanism in cells from yeast to mammals, and autophagy maintains homeostasis against stress. The role of autophagy was originally shown to be a mechanism of energy production under starvation. In fact, multiple lines of evidence reveal that autophagy has numerous functions, such as protection from stress, energy regulation, immune regulation, differentiation, proliferation, and cell death. In the field of reproduction, the role of autophagy in implantation, embryogenesis, placentation, and delivery has become clearer. In addition, recent study has elucidated that the placenta has the ability to protect extraplacental cells from virus infection by activating autophagy. During resent research into autophagy, several issues have occurred in the interpretation of the autophagy status. In this review, we discuss the relation between autophagy and reproductive events, and show the importance of autophagy for placentation and pre‐eclampsia.
Finding Bhaskar in all the wrong places? Causation, process, and structure in Bhaskar and Deleuze
Authors: Rutzou Timothy
Published: April 2017

This article examines the reception of Roy Bhaskar amongst some contemporary Deleuzians. It proceeds by rejecting the all too often predilection of opposing realism to ‘postmodernism’ or ‘post‐structuralism’ arguing instead for the need to bring one into dialogue with the other. To this end, the paper explores the resonances and points of departure between the work of Gilles Deleuze and Roy Bhaskar. In particular, it examines the language of causation, object‐oriented versus process‐oriented ontologies, as well as the charge by Deleuzians that Bhaskar is an essentialist. Through this engagement it attempts to develop and rethink explanation and causation in terms of a more chaotic ontology of machines, centered around the concept of structure, process, and production in an open, heterogeneous, and dynamic world. The end result is a more chaotic concept of realism.
Does my patient still have reflux when ppi therapy does not work?
Authors: Vaezi M. F.
Published: April 2017

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common condition around the world. The management of this disease is less than satisfying given complexity of patient presentation and suboptimal diagnostic testing when employed for those poorly responsive to acid suppressive therapy. In this mini review, we discuss some new strategies employed for patients with suspected GERD to better understand disease pathophysiology. We compare the strategies and outline a clinically relevant approach in this difficult group of patients.
The effects of genome duplications in a community context
Authors: Segraves Kari A.
Published: April 2017

ContentsSummary57I.Introduction57II.Impact of WGD on community context of polyploids: from the ground up59III.Predicted mechanisms by which WGD could affect community context59IV.Moving towards a predictive framework63V.Recurrent formation, geographic mosaics, and community context64VI.Alternative perspectives – impact of the appearance of polyploid plants in a community64VII.Sand, pebbles, and boulders66Acknowledgements66References66

Whole‐genome duplication (WGD), or polyploidy, has important effects on the genotype and phenotype of plants, potentially altering ecological interactions with other organisms. Even though the connections between polyploidy and species interactions have been recognized for some time, we are only just beginning to test whetherWGDaffects community context. Here I review the sparse information on polyploidy and community context and then present a set of hypotheses for future work. Thus far, community‐level studies of polyploids suggest an array of outcomes, from no changes in community context to shifts in the abundance and composition of interacting species. I propose a number of mechanisms for howWGDcould alter community context and how the emergence of polyploids in populations could also alter the community context of parental diploids and other plant species. Resolving how and when these changes are expected to occur will require a deeper understanding of the connections amongWGD, phenotypic changes, and the direct and indirect effects of species interactions.
Three‐dimensional skeletal mandibular changes associated with Herbst appliance treatment
Authors: Souki B. Q. , Vilefort P. L. C. , Oliveira D. D. , Andrade I. , Ruellas A. C. , Yatabe M. S. , Nguyen T. , Franchi L. , McNamara J. A. , Cevidanes L. H. S.
Published: April 2017

Objectives

Three‐dimensional evaluation of skeletal mandibular changes following Herbst appliance treatment.

Setting and Sample Population

Retrospective case–control study, based on a sample size calculation. Twenty‐five pubertal patients treated with Herbst appliance (HAG), and 25 matched Class II patients who received other non‐orthopaedic dental treatments (CG).

Material and Methods

Three‐dimensional models were generated from pre‐treatment (T0) and post‐treatment (T1) cone beam computed tomograms. Volumetric registration on the cranial base was used to assess mandibular displacement; volumetric regional registration was performed to evaluate mandibular growth. Quantitative measurements of X, Y, Z and 3D Euclidian changes, and also qualitative visualization by colour‐mapping and semi‐transparent overlays were obtained.

Results

Downward displacement of the mandible was observed in both HAG and CG (2.4 mm and 1.5 mm, respectively). Significant forward displacement of the mandible was observed in the HAG (1.7 mm). HAG showed greater 3D superior and posterior condylar growth than the CG (3.5 mm and 2.0 mm, respectively). Greater posterior growth of the ramus was noted in the HAG than in CG.

Conclusions

Immediately after Herbst therapy, a significant mandibular forward displacement was achieved, due to increased bone remodelling of the condyles and rami compared to a comparison group. Three‐dimensional changes in the direction and magnitude of condylar growth were observed in Herbst patients.
Ophthalmology patients' interest in online access to clinic notes at three US clinics
Authors: Lee Bryan S. , Oster Natalia V. , Chen Galen Y. , Ding Leona L. , Walker Janice D. , Elmore Joann G.
Published: April 2017

Purpose

This study aimed to understand patients' perceptions about potential benefits and harms of accessing their own ophthalmology clinic notes via an electronic patient portal as part of the OpenNotes initiative.

Methods

The authors conducted a cross‐sectional, in‐person survey of ophthalmology patients at three US eye clinics. The paper survey was self‐administered or administered with assistance from study staff before or after patients' clinical visits. The authors used descriptive statistics to summarise patient characteristics and patient attitudes about accessing their ophthalmology notes online. Chi‐square and t‐tests were performed to assess differences in patient responses between clinic locations.

Results

Four hundred and fifty‐one patients responded (response rate 65%). Most patients thought that accessing doctors' notes online was a good idea (95%), wanted to view their clinic notes online (94%), and agreed online access would increase their understanding of their eye problems (95%) and help them better remember their care plan (94%); 14% said online access would increase their worry; 43% had privacy concerns; and 96% indicated they would show or discuss their notes with at least one other person. Non‐white patients were more likely than white patients to perceive online clinic notes as a useful tool, but they were also more likely to worry and to express greater privacy concerns.

Conclusions

Patients at three US eye clinics were strongly in favour of online access to ophthalmology notes and were optimistic this access would improve their understanding and self‐care. Ophthalmologists should consider offering online access to their notes to enhance doctor‐patient communication and improve clinical outcomes.