bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SMART GAS MONITORING AND AUTOMATED ALERT SYSTEMS USING HYBRID MACHINE LEARNING MODELS
Authors: T. O. SAKA.  , S. B. IBIRINOYE-ABDULKAREEM  , K. AYENI  , A. K. RAJI
Published: February 2025

This study proposes a real-time gas leakage detection and prevention system leveraging machine learning models to ensure safety and efficiency in industrial settings. The system utilizes sensor data from various sources, including pressure and gas sensors. The algorithms that were adopted to have a real-time result include, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN), Long Short-Time Memory (LSTM) and Support Vector Machines (SVM. The algorithm is used to enhanced the detection of anomalies in sensor readings, identify potential gas leaks, predict leakage probability and trigger alerts and automated responses. The proposed system integrates real-time data processing edge computing in a cloud based analytics to enhance fast detection and response which will reduce false alert and improve accuracy in real-time processing which will enhanced safety both in residential houses and industrial setting.  Gas leakage detection and prevention are critical for ensuring safety in various industrial and residential environments. Traditional methods often fall short in terms of real-time response and accuracy. This paper explores the application of machine learning (ML) models in developing advanced real-time gas leakage detection and prevention systems. We discuss various ML approaches, including supervised and unsupervised learning techniques, and evaluate their performance based on real-time data handling, accuracy, and efficiency. Through empirical results and case studies, we demonstrate how ML can significantly enhance the effectiveness of gas leakage systems.
THE FOUNDATION OF INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT IN MINNA TOWN BEFORE 1976
Authors: USMAN ADAMU  , ABE, OLAJIDE MAYOWA  , BABA YAHAYA
Published: February 2025

This study examines the trajectory of infrastructural development and urban growth in Minna town during the colonial and post-colonial era from 1903 to 1976. It investigates the expansion of the metropolitan area, initiated by the Minna town council in 1964, which incorporated suburban districts and necessitated the renaming of major roads and streets. Through a historical lens in the use of documented and oral sources, the study explores the role of leadership in promoting inter-group harmony and detribalizing administrative systems. Additionally, it analyzes the impact of railway construction on labour migration, population density, and economic enterprises such as mining activities and commercial firms. The study underscores the foundational role of the British colonial administration in shaping Minna's infrastructural landscape and how post-colonial initiatives further propelled urban growth.
ADOMIAN DECOMPOSITION ANALYSIS ON MOMENTUM AND MASS DIFFUSIVITY OF AN MHD FLOW ON PLANT NUTRIENT IN THE PRESENCE OF BRINKMAN NUMBER
Authors: MUSA, ALEX  , WARIBOKO, B. G.
Published: February 2025

The survival of plants, among others, also depend on the soil texture and minerals deposits. However, one cannot ignore the role of the earth magnetic effect on seed germination and growth, by examining the behavioral parameters associated with MHD flow. In this paper, the effect of Brinkman and Schmidtl number, with Navier-Stoke’s equation describing flow in plant, was transform into partial time independent differential equation. Solutions were obtained through the use of Adomian Decomposition Method (ADM). Results obtained, indicated that, increasing Brinkman and Schmidtl number, led to an increase in flow temperature, thereby resulting in the formation of more minerals deposits for plant uptake. While, decrease in both Brinkman and Eckert numbers, result in decrease in the flow velocity, as well as that of nutrient uptake. Other parameters were also examined and results analyzed.
SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES INFLUENCING PATIENTS’ SATISFACTION WITH HIV/AIDS SERVICE DELIVERY AMONG ADULTS IN PUBLIC PRIMARY HEALTH CARE CENTERS IN TAI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF RIVERS STATE
Authors: ATUZIE, Q. A.  , ADIARI, MMEME GOGO  , LUCKY AGBONZIKILO  , OGBONNA CHIDINMA  , WIKE BLESSING IHUNDA
Published: February 2025

The study investigated sociodemographic variables influencing patients’ satisfaction with HIV/AIDS service delivery among adults in public primary health care centers in Tai Local Government Area of Rivers State. Descriptive cross-sectional design was used for the study. Four research questions and three null hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. The population of the study consisted of all adults (18 years and older) who were HIV positive and receiving care and cure at primary Medicare institutions in Tai LGA. Purposive sampling technique was used for the study. A self-designed questionnaire titled: ‘Patients’ Satisfaction with HIV/AIDS Service Delivery Questionnaire (PSHASDQ) was used for data collection. The reliability coefficient for (PSHASDQ) was established using test-retest method which yielded a reliability index of r=0.76. Mean and standard deviation was used to answer the research questions while Independent t-test was sued to test the null hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance. The study revealed that there was low level of patients’ satisfaction with HIV/AIDS service delivery among adults in public primary health care centers in Tai Local Government Area of Rivers State irrespective of gender (male; X ̅=2.00,SD=0.52,female; X ̅=2.15;SD=0.71), employment (unemployed; X ̅=2.10,SD=0.39,employed;X ̅=2.22;SD=0.60) and marital status (single; X ̅=2.08;SD=0.57, married; X ̅=2.35;SD=0.48). The study further revealed that there was no significant difference in the mean rating of adult patients on their level of satisfaction with HIV/AIDS service delivery in public primary health care centers in Tai Local Government Area of Rivers State irrespective of gender, employment and marital status. It was recommended among others that; Though both male and female adult patients in the public primary health care centers in the area have low satisfaction level with the quality of care in the facility, there is need to improve the condition of healthcare workers by providing special incentives with the goal of improving their momentum.
IMPACT OF ACTIVITIES OF NIGERIA CUSTOMS SERVICE ON BORDER SECURITY IN RIVERS STATE
Authors: YAKUBU SALIHU ZAKARI  , ANDREW ZAMANI  , ABDULLAHI NUHU LIMAN
Published: February 2025

The problem of porous borders and its effects on the activities of Nigeria Customs Service (NCS) have continued to impact on the level of border security in Rivers State. Purpose of this study is to examine the impact of activities of Nigeria Customs Service on border security in Nigeria. The target population, in this study is 2,620, while the sample size was 400 which was gotten through the use of Rakesh sample size formula. The target population covered  staff in Port Harcourt 1 Area Command of NCS, Rivers State;  Port Harcourt II Command of NCS, Onne, Department of Border Management in Nigeria Immigration Service (NIS), Onne; National Drugs Law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA), Rivers State Command; and Department of Operations in Nigeria Police Force, Onne, who are designed to respond to questions and statements in the questionnaire and interview guide relating to the role of NCS in border security in Rivers State. The target population also covered registered agents at Onne, and dock workers in Port Harcourt II Command. Data were collected from 5-Point Likert Questionnaire, in-depth interview and secondary sources. Data collected from 5-Point Likert questionnaire were analysed using simple percentages and absolute frequencies. While data from in-depth interview were presented textually, manually-transcribed and analysed using narrative-analytical method. Data from secondary sources were analysed using relational-content analysis. Findings showed, among other things, that more the improvement in the activities of Nigeria Customs Service, better the state of border security in Rivers State. Among other things, constant monitoring and evaluation of the activities of the NCS to ensure that they largely conform to their operational standards is recommended.
CORRELATES OF PREVENTIVE BEHAVIOUR TOWARDS DIABETES MELLITUS AMONG THE ELDERLY IN PORT HARCOURT METROPOLIS, RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: CHRISTIANA LEESI KPE-NOBANA  , OBOMANU MILLICENT
Published: February 2025

This study examined the correlates of preventive behaviour towards diabetes mellitus among the elderly in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Rivers State. The research design adopted for this study was a descriptive correlational research design. The study population comprised twelve thousand, three hundred and seventy-eight (12,378) elderly persons (60 years and above) in Port Harcourt Metropolis. The sample size for the study was 420. A multistage sampling procedure was used to select the sample. The instrument for data collection in this study was a structured questionnaire with reliability coefficient of 0.79. Data collected were analyzed with the aid of the Statistical Product for Service Solution (SPSS V-25) using mean, standard deviation and Pearson Correlation at 0.05 level of significance. The result showed the preventive behaviour towards diabetes mellitus among the elderly in Port Harcourt Metropolis was good (2.85±0.83). Specifically, the respondents always avoided sugar-rich drinks (3.69±0.66), avoided cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption (3.68±0.61), engaged in regular blood sugar testing (3.59±0.83), and sometimes avoided stress as much as possible (3.59±0.83). The result revealed a statistically significant relationship between diabetes mellitus type 2 preventive behaviour and variables such as knowledge (N = 391, r = 0.29, p = 0.00), family history (N = 391, r = 0.46, p = 0.03), religion (N = 391, r = 0.19, p = 0.00), and social support (N = 391, r = 0.63, p = 0.02). It was concluded that, good preventive behaviour towards type 2 diabetes mellitus among the elderly State is linked mainly to personal and social factors. Such factors are: knowledge, educational status, family history, religious affiliation and social support which are correlated with type 2 diabetes prevention among the elderly. It was recommended among others that the National Institute of Diabetes should design proactive strategies to uphold the good preventive behaviour found by providing all essential resources for them at subsidized rates.
TEACHER’S PERCEPTION ON THE COMPONENTS OF ECONOMICS CURRICULUM
Authors: AHMED SHEHU  , ABDULWAHAB MUHAMMAD
Published: February 2025

This study investigated teachers’ perception on the components of economics curriculum at the level of secondary school in Bauchi Educational zone. The study has five objectives, research questions and five null hypotheses. The study employed a descriptive survey design. All the economics teachers (113) in the population were selected as samples based on census sampling techniques. An instrument titled “Teachers’ Perception on Economics Curriculum Questionnaire” (TPNECQ) with 35 items measured on a five-point Likert scale was adopted, validated and used for data collection. The instrument was pilot tested and yielded a reliability coefficient of 0.766. To determine differences among the economics teachers, the research hypotheses were tested using one-sample t-test with the help of SPSS version 20.0 at a significance level of 0. 05. Generally, the results of the study indicated that null hypotheses 1 and 5 were accepted. While null hypotheses 2, 3 and 4 were rejected. Based on the findings and conclusions of the study, some recommendations were proffered.
THE FUTURE OF DIGITAL MARKETING COMMUNICATION: STRATEGIES FOR ENGAGING THE MODERN CONSUMER
Authors: Khairifa Feni
Published: February 2025

This study aims to explore the trends and strategies of effective digital marketing communication in increasing modern consumer engagement. The method used in this study is the Systematic Literature Review (SLR), which includes the identification, selection, and analysis of relevant studies from various academic and industry sources using the PRISMA approach. The results of the study indicate that effective digital marketing communication strategies rely on three main pillars: data-driven personalization, omnichannel integration, and ethical engagement. The use of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning has enabled more personalized and predictive marketing experiences, increasing consumer engagement and loyalty. In addition, social media-based marketing and user-generated content have proven to be more effective than conventional advertising methods. However, challenges such as data privacy, digital fatigue, and algorithmic filtering are still major concerns for the digital marketing industry.
Influencia de las Propiedades Termo-mecánicas en Viguetas Pretensadas Sometidas a Ciclos de Temperatura
Authors: Ruano Gonzalo J. , Quintana María Virginia , Scotta Daniela , Piován Marcelo T.
Published: February 2025

Las viguetas pretensadas de hormigón son ampliamente usadas en la industria de la construcción y pueden estar sujetas a cargas extremas como es el caso de incendios. El hormigón es un material cuyo comportamiento es modificado por las altas temperaturas, incluyendo la máxima alcanzada y ultimadamente se reconoce la importancia de la rama descendente. En este trabajo la historia de las acciones externas se representa mediante un análisis termo-mecánico transitorio mediante el método de elementos finitos. El objetivo es mostrar paramétricamente la influencia estructural de considerar incertidumbre de las propiedades térmicas y mecánicas para estructuras pretensadas sometidas a ciclos de temperatura. Se presta especial atención a la influencia de la incertidumbre de las propiedades termo-mecánicas frente al enfriamiento de la estructura abordando el problema con un enfoque probabilístico paramétrico. Se consideran enfriamientos a diferentes tasas observando la respuesta mecánica obtenida. Además, se aplica el principio de entropía máxima para deducir las funciones de distribución de los parámetros considerados como variables aleatorias y aquellos sujetos a la información disponible.
Design of a Washing Machine with a Stochastic Approach
Authors: Wagner Gustavo , Lima Roberta , Sampaio Rubens
Published: February 2025

A washing machine is a household appliance that has an interesting and complex dynamicalbehavior, which can be well described by a set of nonlinear differential equations. When analyzing the dynamics of a washing machine, the steady state motion (periodic solution) is an important response to consider and can be evaluated as a solution of a periodic boundary-valueproblem. The unbalance generated by the unevenly distribution of clothes during centrifugationis highly random and, therefore, a stochastic model is necessary to take this characteristic intoaccount. The novelty of this paper consists in the analysis of a washing machine dynamics considering the uncertainty in the unbalance. Therefore, a stochastic model is proposed for the dynamics of a washing machine. The steady state solutions are calculated using the shootingmethod combined with a sequential continuation to evaluate it across all the spin speeds of the machine. The probability distributions of the washing machine vibration at those different spin speeds are approximated using Monte Carlo simulations. The impact of the random unbalance in the vibration amplitude of the washing machine is also investigated and consists in a keyinput for the fatigue design of many components.
Modeling Drop Atomization Using Computational Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Canciani Patricio , Pairetti César , Navone Hugo D.
Published: February 2025

Atomization, a process in which droplets break into smaller structures, is common in both natural and industrial contexts. The mechanisms of droplet deformation and breakup are often described through hydrodynamic instabilities, informed by experimental studies, theoretical developments, and simulations via Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). In this work, Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) were employed to analyze droplet atomization under various conditions. Two models were considered for studying droplet deformation and breakup: one axisymmetric and the other threedimensional. The results showed that the deformation and fragmentation of the droplet are highly de- pendent on the Weber number. Additionally, an increase in the Weber number accelerates the onset of the fragmentation process. The three-dimensional (3D) simulations revealed perforations with a spatial distribution characterized by initial axial symmetry, which dissipates as fragmentation progresses. DNS proves valuable in such studies due to its ability to detect the droplets produced during atomization, enabling the measurement of their positions and velocities at each moment, which can be aggregated into statistical data.
Modificación del Modelo k-omega SST para la Obtención del Perfil de Energía Cinética Turbulenta: Flujo en Placa Plana
Authors: Cortes Franco L. , Márquez Damián Santiago
Published: February 2025

El presente trabajo aborda la formulación del modelo de turbulencia k-omega SST, incorporando las correcciones viscosas propuestas por Wilcox (Wilcox D.C , Turbulence Modeling for CFD, (1998)). El propósito principal es mejorar la aproximación al perfil de energía cinética turbulenta cerca de los bordes sólidos, manteniendo la independencia de la tasa de disipación específica respecto al valor del flujo libre. Como resultado las ecuaciones para la energía cinética turbulenta y la disipación específica obtenidas se asemejan al modelo k - omega SST, incluyendo coeficientes variables en función de la relación entre los efectos turbulentos y viscosos. Esta integración permite incorporar las funciones de cierre de las correcciones viscosas en las funciones F1 y F2, contribuyendo así a una representación más precisa del comportamiento turbulento cerca de las superficies sólidas.
Estudio de Flujos de Transición en Perfiles Aerodinámicos Gruesos
Authors: Leschiutta Tomás , Coussirat Miguel G. , Márquez Damián Santiago
Published: February 2025

El creciente interés de la industria aeroespacial por los vehículos aéreos no tripulados (UAVs) y micro vehículos (MAV) está impulsando la investigación en el campo de los flujos de bajo número de Reynolds. Estos mismos rangos de trabajo son observables en fuentes de generación renovables como aerogeneradores y turbinas hidráulicas. En este contexto, la simulación numérica mediante CFD es una herramienta crucial que permite estudiar el comportamiento físico de la capa límite en perfiles aerodinámicos, que conduce a predecir estructuras vorticosas y recirculaciones que influyen en la interacción fluido/estructura, fenómeno típico en turbomaquinaria. Este trabajo busca reproducir ensayos experimentales y numéricos efectuados sobre perfiles aerodinámicos gruesos tipo Risø y NACA 0024 de uso en esta área. Utilizando la herramienta OpenFOAM(R) y poniendo debida atención en la modelación de la turbulenciaen regímenes de bajo número de Reynolds, se analizaron los perfiles antes nombrados con el objetivo depredecir valores característicos (Cd y Cl), distribución de presiones y punto de desprendimiento de capa límite.
Computational Analysis of Wind Neighborhood Effects on Buildings: A Comparison Between Closure Models for Turbulence
Authors: Silva Paulo Ulisses , Bono Gustavo , Greco Marcelo
Published: February 2025

Determining the neighboring effects of wind is a complex task, as generic approaches are often unable to accurately capture the interactions between buildings and their surrounding environment. For this reason, standard guidelines may be insufficient for determining these effects, making it necessary to rely on wind tunnel testing or numerical simulations through computational fluid dynamics (CFD). This study presents an analysis of the changes in aerodynamic coefficients of the CAARC (Commonwealth Advisory Aeronautical Research Council) building due to the presence of neighboring structures that interfere with wind flow. The neighborhood consists of eight blocks with proportions of 1:1:3. Turbulence was modeled using the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) approach, employing the k-omega and k-omega SST turbulence closure models. A comparative analysis of the results obtained from these two models is presented. The study was conducted by varying the system’s orientation from 0 to 90 degrees in 15-degree intervals. Results show that the perimeter buildings create a shielding effect on the centrally located CAARC building, leading to a reduction in the drag coefficient. Additionally, for some angles, the presence of neighboring structures caused an increase in the torsional and lift coefficients.
The Role of Organizational Culture Between Leadership Style and Human Resource Management Practices
Authors: Aloqaily Ahmad
Published: February 2025

Several dynamics influencing organizational performance in private universities, including increasing challenges such as competitiveness, limited resources, and accreditation pressures. This paper aims to explore the relationship between leadership styles and human resource management practices, focusing on the role of organizational culture as a mediator. The study adopted a literature review methodology to analyze the relationship among the three variables (leadership styles, human resource management practices, and organizational culture). Recent studies published between 2021 and 2024 were collected and analyzed using reliable databases. The findings reveal that organizational culture plays a crucial mediating role in strengthening the relationship between leadership and human resource management practices. Transformational and democratic leadership styles were found to improve organizational performance by enhancing employee commitment and fostering a flexible organizational culture. Additionally, human resource management practices such as training, continuous evaluation, and motivation positively impact the development of a supportive organizational culture; however, they require integration with leadership styles to achieve a broader effect. Nevertheless, this paper contributes by providing a comprehensive theoretical framework to understand the dynamic relationship among leadership, human resources, and organizational culture, highlighting the central role of organizational culture in improving organizational performance. The academic implications include adding new knowledge to the literature on leadership, human resource management, and organizational culture, while the practical implications offer actionable insights for private universities in Jordan to improve performance by building a sustainable and supportive organizational culture. University administrations can benefit from practical solutions to enhance organizational performance through the integration of leadership and human resource management. Moreover, the study provides policymakers with insights on how to foster organizational culture to support innovation and sustainability in higher education, creating a motivating work environment that enhances employee commitment and satisfaction.
SENAM KAKI MENINGKATKAN KEKUATAN OTOT DAN SENDI KAKI DI GEREJA BAPTIS INDONESIA SAHABAT
Authors: Erva Elli Kristanti  , Sutik  , Yoyok Febrijanto
Published: February 2025

Menjaga kesehatan merupakan hal yang perlu diprioritaskan terutama pada warga lanjut usia. Latihan fisik sangat penting untuk penderita diabetes melitus selain untuk mengontrol gula darah, latihan fisik juga dapat mengurangi risiko komplikasi kardiovaskuler Salah satu Latihan fisik yang dapat dilakukan oleh lanjut usia adalah senam kaki. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian adalah meningkatan pengetahuan tentang pentingnya aktivitas fisik melalui senam kaki sehingga kekuatan otot dan sendi tetap terjaga. Kegiatan pengabdian dilakukan dengan tahapan berupa kegiatan pemeriksaan kesehatan,renungan singkat dan kegiatan edukasi Kesehatan serta kegiatan demonstrasi senam kaki diabetes. Hasil dari kegiatan pengabdian kepada Masyarakat didapatkan hasil pemeriksaan tekanan darah warga wulan GBI Sahabat Kediri berada pada rentang 110-160 mmHg, sedangkan rentang glucose darah pada rentang 90-143 g/dl pada pemeriksaan Glucosa darah sesaat. Hasil pemeriksaan asam urat dengan hasil 4-6. Setelah dilakukan pemeriksaan dilanjutkan kegiatan renungan dan edukasi senam kaki Diabetes dan hasil dari kegiatan edukasi didapatkan meningkatnya pemahaman warga wulan mengenai pentingnya aktivitas fisik sederhana seperti senam kaki.
Exploring the Transformative Effects of Gamified Learning on Writing and Metacognition in an EFL University Context: An Account of Blended Learning Landscape
Authors: Nilubol Kittichai , Sitthitikul Pragasit
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the effects of a Gamified Learning Model (GLM) on the writing skills and metacognitive awareness of Thai EFL university students within a blended learning environment. Employing a quasi-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design alongside a Concurrent Embedded mixed-methods approach, the research scrutinizes the efficacy of GLM in enhancing English language writing skills and metacognitive awareness. Quantitative findings, obtained from the paired t-test, revealed significant improvements in students’ writing skills post-intervention, with average scores escalating from 11.97 to 19.92 (p<0.01), alongside a notable enhancement in metacognitive awareness, as evidenced by increased mean scores in metacognitive awareness questionnaire items. Qualitative feedback, gained from semi-structured interviews and reflective journals, further illuminated students’ positive perceptions towards the GLM, highlighting its role in fostering engagement and facilitating a deeper understanding of writing tasks and strategies. The study underscores the transformative potential of gamified learning in EFL contexts, advocating for its integration as a dynamic component of language education pedagogy. Implications for future research include exploring varied gamified learning approaches across diverse educational settings to validate and extend these findings.
The Evaluation and Comparison of Translation Technologies on the Learning Outcomes of Legal Text Translation Studies
Authors: Margareth Ann , Sukardjo Moch , Situmorang Robinson
Published: February 2025

This paper analyses the relationship between translational technology and learning outcomes and investigates the type of translational technology most beneficial towards students’ translations of legal texts. This study tests whether differences were found in the learning outcomes of legal text translation for students with high and low placement test scores using Machine Learning. Translations were conducted from Indonesian to English and vice versa, encompassing students from leading Indonesian universities enrolled in a professional legal translation certification programme. This research was designed with a treatment by level 3x2, quantitatively analysing the impacts of Machine Learning, Google Translate, and Online Dictionaries. The study revealed statistically significant interactive effects among the variables of translational technology in relation to the outcomes of legal translation learning. The data indicated variances in the students' learning with Machine Learning demonstrating the most substantial influence. We also found that low-scoring students on the placement test who used Machine Learning in translating legal texts revealed better learning outcomes than high-scoring students. This insight is useful for educators and scholars designing legal translation courses. This could also serve as a foundational element in the field of English for Specific Purposes particularly concerning the integration of technology in legal translation education.
The Influence of Grammatical Number on Cognition of Bilinguals: A Test of the Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis
Authors: Chanyeam Chatchanok , Wongthai Nuntana
Published: February 2025

The linguistic relativity hypothesis has focused on the influence of grammar in language on speakers’ cognition. Previous studies show that speakers of languages with grammatical number (e.g., English) are more aware of the number of objects. Additionally, recent studies reveal that bilinguals who speak languages with different grammatical structures may alter their cognitive preferences based on their level of language proficiency. This research builds on these findings, following Lucy’s approach (1992a), to compare the cognition of monolingual speakers among members of a group consisting of thirty native Thai speakers and thirty native English speakers, with that of bilinguals (Thai-English) with varying proficiency levels in a group consisting of thirty basic-level Thai-English bilinguals, thirty intermediate-level Thai-English bilinguals and thirty advanced-level Thai-English bilinguals. Attention tests and memory tests were implemented to test the level of cognition of each participant, the results being analyzed using ANOVA and Scheffe’s test. The results showed that the English-speaking subjects paid more attention to the number of objects and memorized a greater number of them than the Thai-speaking subjects, suggesting that the presence of grammatical number in English and its absence in Thai played a significant role. The advanced-level Thai-English bilinguals paid more attention to the number of objects and memorized a greater number of them than the intermediate-level Thai-English bilinguals, the basic-level Thai-English bilinguals, and the monolingual Thai speakers, respectively, but paid less attention than the monolingual English speakers. However, there was no significant difference between the basic-level Thai-English bilinguals and the monolingual Thai speakers. This finding may lead us to conclude that: 1) grammatical representation affects speakers’ cognition, supporting the linguistic relativity hypothesis; and that 2) bilingualism affects cognition at different levels. This finding suggests the possibility that acquisition of a second language affects bilinguals’ cognition, and highlights the importance of promoting bilingualism in Thailand in order to enhance English proficiency and global competitiveness. By highlighting how grammatical differences affect attention and memory, the study suggests language education policies should focus on bilingualism and address cognitive impacts, helping Thai learners overcome linguistic challenges and enhance cognitive and language skills.
A Corpus Linguistics Analysis of Food Metaphors “Eat Up” and “Consume” through the Lenses of Conceptual Metaphor and Lexical Priming Theories
Authors: Kheovichai Baramee
Published: February 2025

Research has shown that food metaphors play an important role in humans' conceptualization of various domains of experience. However, insufficient attention has been paid to the phraseology of food metaphors. This research aims to investigate food metaphors and their phraseology. Particularly, this paper focuses on the lemmas “consume” and “eat up.” These words were searched for in the Corpus of Contemporary American English. One hundred instances of each grammatical form of “consume” and “eat up” were analyzed, using Conceptual Metaphor Theory (Lakoff and Johnson, 1980) and Lexical Priming tTheory (Hoey, 2005). The results indicate that 16 target domains are conceptualized using both words, with some target domains being exclusive to each word. Analyses of collocations, semantic preferences, and semantic prosody reveal that these two words have different connotations. This research casts light on food metaphors, how they are used for conceptualization, and the collocations that distinguish metaphorical and non-metaphorical uses, as well as the meanings of “eat up” and “consume.”
Identity Formation of a Filipino Transwoman EFL Teacher in Thailand
Authors: Oculares Genesis , Trakulkasemsuk Wannapa
Published: February 2025

As a haven for the LGBTQIA+ community, Thailand has become a niche for EFL teachers from around the world, particularly Filipino transwomen. Despite gender discrimination in academia and being non-native English educators, they hold pivotal roles in connecting Thai students to the inner circle. This case study delves into the perceived and negotiated teacher and gender identities of a Filipino transwoman EFL teacher in Thailand, examining how these identities impact her teaching practices. Through a semi-structured interview, the participant’s experiences in a primary school were meticulously explored. Her narratives were captured through recordings and analyzed using Stake’s (1995) four-phase analysis framework: description, categorical aggregation, establishing patterns, and naturalistic generalizations. Results revealed predominantly positive perceived identities, such as possessing a neutral accent, versatility, and relatability, significantly influencing her EFL teaching practices. However, challenges included the absence of ELT credentials due to Thailand's lenient recruitment practices. The participant negotiated her gender identity as a woman in interactions with students and colleagues, highlighting the complex intersection of gender and professional roles. Future research should include comparative studies with Thai transwomen teachers and explore the impact of English proficiency and nationality on identity formation, offering valuable insights into fostering inclusivity in Thailand's EFL teaching community.
Investigating Communication Apprehension in English Among Thai High School Students: A Two-Pronged Study on Speaking Anxiety and Attitudes
Authors: Muengnakin Kamonchanok , Narathakoon Arthitaya
Published: February 2025

This study explored speaking anxiety and attitudes towards speaking English in the classroom setting. The data collected from 91 Thai EFL grade 11 students, using questionnaires, classroom observations, and semi-structured interviews. The findings showed moderate levels of speaking anxiety and attitudes among grade 11 students. The Pearson correlation coefficient reported that there was a statistically significant, moderate negative correlation between speaking anxiety and attitudes. Regarding the study program, English-Japanese students exhibited a strong negative correlation. This suggested that students who experienced lower level of anxiety tended to be more positive attitudes towards speaking English in the classroom. Furthermore, qualitative data identified learner characteristics and classroom environment as two main factors affecting speaking anxiety. To cope with speaking anxiety, grade 11 students employed six strategies: self-practice, maintaining concentration, building confidence, managing emotions, positive thinking, and seeking support from friends. Among these, self-practice was the most used strategy.
Investigating the Impacts of a Task-Based Extensive Reading Program on Reading Ability in Thai High School Students
Authors: Samutkao Wongsathorn , Chaturongakul Panna
Published: February 2025

This study aimed at investigating the impacts of a Task-Based Extensive Reading (TBER) program on the reading abilities of Thai high school students at a demonstration school in Thailand. Nine Mattayomsuksa 6 students from a Math-English program, selected through purposive sampling, participated in this TBER program. In this program, each student was required to read eight graded readers and complete task-based post-reading activities after finishing each book. Data were collected through pre- and post-tests to assess the effectiveness of the TBER program. In addition, verbal reports and semi-structured interviews were used to explore students’ perceptions. The test results revealed that all students in the experimental group showed considerable improvements in their post-test scores, whereas the comparison group indicated variations in their post-test scores, with some students showing gains, others experiencing declines, and some demonstrating no change. Furthermore, the students in the experimental group reported that they perceived improvements in reading ability, vocabulary acquisition and confidence in reading English books. Moreover, reading habits were gradually developed through this program. The results of the study indicate that the effectiveness of extensive reading can be enhanced when it is integrated with task-based language teaching, with supporting evidence discussed further in this article.
Bridging Borders with a Project-based Approach to Enhance Bidirectional Cultural Awareness in Foreign Language Teaching and Learning
Authors: Attaviriyanupap Korakoch
Published: February 2025

Cultural awareness is essential in foreign language education. This paper explores two projects that exemplify the integration of cultural elements into foreign language learning involving both first language (L1) and second language (L2) cultures. The first project was initiated in the course “German Cinema”. It focuses on the legendary English-language sketch “Dinner for One”, which has been part of traditional New Year’s Eve entertainment in the German-speaking world for over sixty years. Students explored its significance within German culture through surveys, translation, creative adaptations and organised an imaginary festival. These activities foster intercultural dialogue and understanding. The second project, “Die goldene Meergundel” (The Golden Goby), is an extracurricular activity that integrates Thai culture with the German language. A Thai fairy tale was performed in Likay-style theatre, but was spoken and sung entirely in German. The blending of Thai folklore with German pronunciation can enhance both cross-cultural appreciation and linguistic proficiency. These case studies underscore the significance of enhancing bidirectional cultural awareness in foreign language teaching and learning. Educators can act as facilitators by engaging students in projects that transcend linguistic boundaries, effectively bridging cultural borders, and cultivating foreign language learners to be equipped with intercultural competence and global citizenship.
A Study of Taylor Swift’s Pop Songs for EFL Learners: Categorizing Words Based on the Oxford 3000 and 5000 Word Lists and CEFR Levels
Authors: Yuanjai Wimonsinee , Gampper Chanika
Published: February 2025

This study aims to evaluate the extent to which Taylor Swift’s song lyrics incorporate vocabulary from the Oxford 3000 and 5000 word lists and to categorize these words based on CEFR levels. The goal is to narrow down the vast selection of songs available to EFL learners, focusing on the most essential vocabulary to enhance their learning effectively and effortlessly. The Taylor Swift Pop Song Corpus (TPC) was compiled using the AntConc 4.2.4 program. The analysis involved three steps: data preparation, lexical profiling, and word categorization. The results revealed that 18.08% of the words in the songs appeared in the Oxford 3000 word list, while 1.99% were found in the Oxford 5000 word list. The highest frequency CEFR level in the songs was A1, with a lexical coverage of 41.44%. In summary, Taylor Swift’s songs can serve as valuable materials for learning or teaching essential vocabulary for general purposes and beginners.
The Role of Input Frequency and Different Proficiency Levels on the Perception of English Nominal Suffixes by L1 Thai Learners: A Case of the Usage-Based Account
Authors: Thatchatham Chanikarn , Pongpairoj Nattama
Published: February 2025

This study investigated how input frequency (i.e., type frequency and token frequency) and proficiency levels enhanced the perception of English nominal suffixes by first language (L1) Thai learners. Based on the Usage-based Account (Tomasello, 2003), it was hypothesized that input frequency, i.e., token frequency (frequency of derived forms containing the particular suffix) and type frequency (suffix frequency), facilitates SLA. A Grammaticality Judgement Test (GJT) was administered to 60 L1 Thai learners at the intermediate and the advanced proficiency levels, 30 per group. The four frequency conditions were as follows: Condition 1 (HH) – high type and high token frequency (e.g., ‘alteration’); Condition 2 (HL) – high type and low token frequency (e.g., ‘chemist’); Condition 3 (LH) – low type and high token frequency (e.g., ‘dependence’); and Condition 4 (LL) – low type and low token frequency (e.g., ‘partnership’). The results showed significant effects of input frequency and proficiency levels. However, the interaction between them was not significant. The study also revealed that the intermediate group perceived Condition 3 (LH) most accurately, whereas Condition 1 (HH) was perceived most accurately by the advanced group. The findings supported the Usage-based Account, indicating that input frequency influenced SLA of English nominal suffixes, with token frequency having a greater impact than type frequency.
Washback of Vietnamese Standardized Test of English Proficiency (VSTEP.3-5) on Undergraduate Students’ Learning Strategies
Authors: Doan Phuong Ai Ngoc , Piamsai Chatraporn
Published: February 2025

Studies on washback of not only international standardized proficiency tests, but also localized high-stakes tests have been increasingly attracting considerable interest. The current study explores the washback effects of a Vietnam-made localized English proficiency test named “Vietnamese Standardized Test of English Proficiency, level 3-5” (VSTEP.3-5) on undergraduate students’ learning strategies. This research employed a mixed-methods design featuring two major research instruments labeled as questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Quantitative data were collected from the survey questionnaires delivered to 600 English-majored sophomores at a public university in Central Vietnam. Additionally, qualitative data were obtained and analyzed from semi-structured interviews with 12 student participants through a prudent coding process. The findings indicated that a majority of undergraduate students claimed that VSTEP.3-5 affected their learning strategies in a positive way, especially “cognitive and metacognitive strategies”. Besides, preferences for distinct strategies utilized in specific English skills were particularly evident in such productive skills as Speaking and Writing.
Videos Posted on Social Network Effects on Speaking Performance in Peruvian EFL Students
Authors: Román Gutiérrez- Huancayo Vladimir
Published: February 2025

The present study aims to investigate how social media can influence the development of oral skills in 60 students from a higher education institution in Peru. In this regard, mixed-methods research was conducted, with pre and post-tests, to evaluate the before and after of implementing a program that involved uploading videos recorded by the students on Facebook, Instagram, and YouTube. Additionally, an effort was made to design a model that measured the relationship between the constructs of oral skills (OS), psychological aspects (PA), comment effects (CE), and social networks (SN). In the last stage of this work, a semi-structured interview aimed to gather students' opinions on social networks. Among the most relevant results, a significant difference can be mentioned after applying for the referred program, with a remarkable improvement in oral skills (pre-6.03± 2.30, post-16.85±1.38, p=<0.01) with effect-size 0.9433. On the other hand, an appropriate model was obtained considering the constructs mentioned earlier (RMSEA 0.044; CFI 0.971; and TLI 0.963). Regarding the responses given by the interviewees, Facebook stands out as the most frequented social network by them, with a certain indifference to comments made by others, an improvement in their oral production, and a noticeable motivation. The results obtained in this work could help understand the complexity faced by today's youth and their learning on social media, as well as the possibility of replicating this at other educational levels in Peru.
Measuring the Effectiveness of an Online Teacher Training Program for In-Service Secondary School Teachers: Trainees’ Reactions and Learning
Authors: Puripunyavanich Mintra
Published: February 2025

This study evaluates the effectiveness of a 48-hour online training program designed for in-service secondary school English teachers across Thailand. Using Kirkpatrick’s model (Kirkpatrick & Kirkpatrick, 2006), the research examines the participants’ reactions to the program (Level 1: Reaction) and changes in their attitudes, knowledge, and skills (Level 2: Learning). A mixed-methods approach was adopted, with 38 trainees completing an online questionnaire and 17 subsequently joining focus group interviews. Findings indicated that the program was well-received, achieving a high satisfaction score (M = 4.87) at the reaction level. At the learning level, the participants reported increased knowledge, particularly in ELT methods. Questionnaire and focus group interview data further revealed that the program positively impacted their attitudes toward online teacher training and motivation to engage in further learning. Additionally, the training enhanced both their teaching competencies and their English language skills. The study’s findings offer baseline data for further development of online professional development programs tailored to in-service secondary school English teachers’ needs.
Investigating Thai EFL Students’ Metaphorical Perception on Social Media
Authors: Kanokpermpoon Monthon
Published: February 2025

Social media is widely used in many different sectors worldwide. In language education, it can impact students’ language learning, and students may have diverse opinions about its use. This study aimed to explore how Thai university students conceptualise social media and their perceptions of it. An elicitation task, “social media is like … because …”, was used in an online questionnaire to gather responses from 145 students enrolled in an English course on language and social media at a university in Thailand. The results revealed six categories of social media: “personal space,” “society,” “information,” “communication,” “addiction,” and “necessity,” based on the participants’ local contexts, such as “7-11,” “Thai market,” “Oreo frappe.” The perceptions of social media included positive aspects related to personal storytelling, social connectivity, and information access; negative aspects concerning addiction, inauthentic behaviour, and FOMO (fear of missing out); and mixed perspectives on both its potential for personal expression and connection alongside risks to mental health and unrealistic self-presentation. These findings suggest practical applications for using social media in language education and highlight aspects of social media perceptions that could be incorporated into the English classroom.
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Stunting Among Children 0-59 Months in Rubirizi District-A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Kizito Mubangizi , Kansiime Noel , Cherop Calvin , Bagenda Fred
Published: February 2025

Globally, 149 million children under five (21.9%) were stunted in 2018, with a higher burden in developing countries. In Uganda, 29% of children under five are stunted, but the prevalence in Rubirizi District is unknown. This study determined the prevalence and factors associated with stunting in Rubirizi District. A cross-sectional study involving quantitative and qualitative methods was conducted with 374 caregivers of children aged 0–59 months. Two focus group discussions were held with mothers and community leaders. Simple random sampling was used to select villages and caregivers. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed using Stata version 14. Variables with p < 0.05 were considered significant. Among the 374 children assessed, 85 (22.7%) were stunted. Significant factors associated with stunting included households with three children aged 0–59 months (aOR=3.78, 95%CI: 1.31-10.9, p=0.014), drinking water from unprotected well or spring (aOR=2.61, 95%CI: 1.20-5.68, p=0.015), children who never initiated breastfeeding within 1 hour (aOR=6.13, 95%CI: 2.78-13.5, p=0.001), children breasted up to 6 months (aOR=21.2, 95%CI: 3.76-120.1, p=0.014). This study underscores the need for caregivers to be sensitized to breastfeed for more than 12 months and educated on the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding.