bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hate groups increase 30 percent in four years
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: March 2019

There's been a 30 percent increase in hate groups in the United States over the last four years, and a 7 percent increase in hate groups in 2018 alone, according to research from the Southern Poverty Law Center. The group classified 1,020 organizations as hate groups in the year 2018. The SPLC defines a hate group as a group that has “beliefs or practices that attack or malign an entire class of people, typically for their immutable characteristics.” Those characteristics include race, religion, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and gender identity.
Live Imaging and Quantitation of Lipid Droplets and Mitochondrial Membrane Potential Changes with Aggregation‐Induced Emission Luminogens in an in Vitro Model of Liver Steatosis
Authors: Zhou Yabin , Hua Jin , Barritt Greg , Liu Yong , Tang Ben Zhong , Tang Youhong
Published: March 2019

High specificity, low background, good biocompatibility and photostability are common properties of aggregation‐induced emission luminogens (AIEgens). In this study, an AIEgen FAS was used in live HepG2 cells, an in vitro model of liver steatosis, to quantify lipid droplet number and size instead of the traditional method of only measuring fluorescence intensity emitted from fluorescence dye stained in lipid droplet. In parallel, another AIEgen, TPE‐Ph‐In, was used to perform continuous monitoring and quantitation of mitochondrial membrane potential in the same batch of live HepG2 cells. The data show a significant increase in lipid droplet numbers after 24 h treatment by amiodarone and a significant increase in both lipid droplet numbers and size after 48 h amiodarone treatment. Moreover, the data suggest a significant increase in mitochondria membrane potential in cells treated with amiodarone for 24 and 48 h, with restoration to pre‐treatment level 24 h after removal of the amiodarone. Further investigation is needed to fully understand the underlying mechanism.
The Structural Determinants Accounting for the Broad Substrate Specificity of the Quorum Quenching Lactonase GcL
Authors: Bergonzi Celine , Schwab Michael , Naik Tanushree , Elias Mikael
Published: March 2019

Quorum quenching lactonases are enzymes capable of hydrolyzing lactones, including N‐acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs). AHLs are molecules known as signals in bacterial communication dubbed quorum sensing. Bacterial signal disruption by lactonases was previously reported to inhibit behavior regulated by quorum sensing, such as the expression of virulence factors and the formation of biofilms. Herein, we report the enzymatic and structural characterization of a novel lactonase representative from the metallo‐β‐lactamase superfamily, dubbed GcL. GcL is a broad spectrum and highly proficient lactonase, with kcat/KM values in the range of 104 to 106 m−1 s−1. Analysis of free GcL structures and in complex with AHL substrates of different acyl chain length, namely, C4‐AHL and 3‐oxo‐C12‐AHL, allowed their respective binding modes to be elucidated. Structures reveal three subsites in the binding crevice: 1) the small subsite where chemistry is performed on the lactone ring; 2) a hydrophobic ring that accommodates the amide group of AHLs and small acyl chains; and 3) the outer, hydrophilic subsite that extends to the protein surface. Unexpectedly, the absence of structural accommodation for long substrate acyl chains seems to relate to the broad substrate specificity of the enzyme.
Alteration of the Route to Menaquinone towards Isochorismate‐Derived Metabolites
Authors: Fries Alexander , Mazzaferro Laura S. , Grüning Björn , Bisel Philippe , Stibal Karin , Buchholz Patrick C. F. , Pleiss Jürgen , Sprenger Georg A. , Müller Michael
Published: March 2019

Chorismate and isochorismate constitute branch‐point intermediates in the biosynthesis of many aromatic metabolites in microorganisms and plants. To obtain unnatural compounds, we modified the route to menaquinone in Escherichia coli. We propose a model for the binding of isochorismate to the active site of MenD ((1R,2S, 5S,6S)‐2‐succinyl‐5‐enolpyruvyl‐6‐hydroxycyclohex‐3‐ene‐1‐carboxylate (SEPHCHC) synthase) that explains the outcome of the native reaction with α‐ketoglutarate. We have rationally designed variants of MenD for the conversion of several isochorismate analogues. The double‐variant Asn117Arg–Leu478Thr preferentially converts (5S,6S)‐5,6‐dihydroxycyclohexa‐1,3‐diene‐1‐carboxylate (2,3‐trans‐CHD), the hydrolysis product of isochorismate, with a >70‐fold higher ratio than that for the wild type. The single‐variant Arg107Ile uses (5S,6S)‐6‐amino‐5‐hydroxycyclohexa‐1,3‐diene‐1‐carboxylate (2,3‐trans‐CHA) as substrate with >6‐fold conversion compared to wild‐type MenD. The novel compounds have been made accessible in vivo (up to 5.3 g L−1). Unexpectedly, as the identified residues such as Arg107 are highly conserved (>94 %), some of the designed variations can be found in wild‐type SEPHCHC synthases from other bacteria (Arg107Lys, 0.3 %). This raises the question for the possible natural occurrence of as yet unexplored branches of the shikimate pathway.
A randomized controlled trial to assess operator radiation exposure from cardiac catheterization procedures using RAD BOARD® with standard pelvic shielding versus standard pelvic shielding alone
Authors: Suryadevara Ramya , Brown Eddie D. , Green Sandy M. , Scott Thomas D. , Nordberg Cara M. , Blankenship James C.
Published: March 2019

Objective

To study radiation exposure to the primary operator during diagnostic cardiac catheterizations using a radio‐dense RAD BOARD® radial access arm board.

Background

The use of radial access for catheterization in the United States has increased from 1% in 2007 to 41% in 2018. Compared to femoral access, operator radiation exposure from radial access is similar or higher. The RAD BOARD radio‐dense radial access arm board has been marketed as reducing radiation to operators by 44%.

Materials and Methods

We randomized 265 patients undergoing catheterization via right radial access to standard pelvic lead drape shielding (nonboard group) versus RAD BOARD in addition to pelvic drape (board group). Operator radiation exposure was measured using Landauer Microstar nanoDot™ badges worn by the operator.

Results

Board and nonboard groups were similar with respect to demographic and procedural variables. Mean operator dose per case was higher in the board group (.65mSieverts) than in the nonboard group (.56mSieverts, P < 0.0001). In sub‐group analyses, radiation doses were higher in the board group compared to the nonboard group in patients across all body mass index groups (P < 0.03). In multivariate analysis, operator dose correlated with use of the RAD BOARD more closely than any other variable (P < 0.001). Post hoc analysis of the table setup with RAD BOARD revealed that use of RAD BOARD prevented placement of a shield normally inserted into the top of the standard below‐table shield.

Conclusion

RAD BOARD with the pelvic shield was associated with higher radiation exposure to the operator compared with pelvic shield alone, likely due to inability to use standard radiation shielding along with the RAD BOARD.
Surgical treatment of gastric GIST with acute bleeding using laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: A report of two cases
Authors: Chetta Nicola , Picciariello Arcangelo , Nagliati Carlo , Balani Alessandro , Martines Gennaro
Published: March 2019

Key Clinical Message

In this report, we want to emphasize how a laparoscopic bariatric surgical procedure, in experienced hands, has shown to be a valid alternative for the hemorrhage control and the removal of a gastrointestinal tumor in a life‐threatening situation.
Electrochemical Pinacol Coupling of Acetophenone Using Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrode
Authors: Nakahara Kenshin , Naba Keisuke , Saitoh Tsuyoshi , Sugai Tomoya , Obata Rika , Nishiyama Shigeru , Einaga Yasuaki , Yamamoto Takashi
Published: March 2019

An electrochemical pinacol coupling reaction of acetophenone using a boron‐doped diamond (BDD) electrode has been reported. This transformation is driven by the one‐electron reduction of acetophenone on the BDD cathode, followed by an intermolecular radical coupling. Owing to the BDD's outstanding electrochemical properties, the pinacol‐type compound has been obtained in good conversion yield. The roles of a supporting electrolyte and solvent were addressed; (1) lithium ions contribute to increase in the reactivity of the radical intermediate. (2) Addition of water promotes the electron transfer process at the BDD surface. The reaction is relatively tolerant to para‐substituted acetophenone derivatives. Since electric current is directly employed as reducing reagents to generate a radical intermediate, the reaction is metal‐free, sustainable, and inherently safe.
Strategic Raw Materials
Authors: Binnewies Michael , Gassmann Andrea , Bokelmann Katrin , Stauber Rudolf
Published: March 2019

In modernen technischen Geräten verbergen sich immer mehr chemische Elemente. So enthält beispielsweise ein Mobiltelefon ca. 30 Metalle bzw. deren Verbindungen, darunter auch sehr seltene wie z. B. Indium. Manche dieser Elemente haben eine kritische Versorgungslage. Diese Kritikalität mancher Rohstoffe wird an Beispielen diskutiert. Das industrielle Recycling von Elektronikschrott wird beschrieben. Dabei werden heute im Wesentlichen die Edelmetalle zurückgewonnen, andere strategische Elemente gehen verloren. Am Beispiel der Rückgewinnung von Indium aus Displays werden die Grundlagen eines neuartigen Verfahrens erläutert, bei dem Indium durch eine selektive Überführung in die Gasphase zurückgewonnen werden kann.
Phosphate recovery – applied environmental technology in formal and non‐formal education
Authors: Zowada Christian , Siol Antje , Gulacar Ozcan , Eilks Ingo
Published: March 2019

Phosphate sind ein kaum beachtetes Thema im Chemieunterricht, obwohl Phosphate essentiell für unser Leben sind. Die Europäische Kommission stuft Phosphatgestein als kritischen Rohstoff ein, was seine wirtschaftliche Bedeutung, aber auch ein potentielles Versorgungsrisiko anzeigt. Unter dieser Prämisse entstand ein Schülerlaborangebot zur Rückgewinnung von Phosphat aus Klärschlamm und Klärschlammasche. Dazu wurden schülergerechte Experimente zu technischen Verfahren entwickelt, die aktuell in der Umwelttechnik implementiert werden. Die Thematik wird zudem durch eine digitale Lernumgebung auch in eine gesellschaftlich‐geographische Perspektive eingeordnet, was eine umfassende Behandlung in Schule und Schülerlabor möglich macht.
Biological fuel cells in chemistry lessons – simple experiments with low‐cost materials
Authors: Grandrath Rebecca , Bohrmann‐Linde Claudia
Published: March 2019

Im Beitrag werden Grundlagen zu biologischen Brennstoffzellen mit Bezug auf das Konzept der Nachhaltigkeit eingeführt. Ausgehend von einer Auswahl bekannter Experimente zu biologischen Brennstoffzellen werden drei neue einfache Schulversuche zu hefebasierten biologischen Brennstoffzellen vorgestellt, die mit preisgünstigen Alltagsmaterialien durchführbar sind. Anhand der Experimente können die Funktionsweise und die grundlegenden Prozesse in einer biologischen Brennstoffzelle nachvollzogen werden. Die Experimente lassen sich einfach aufbauen und im Rahmen einer Schulstunde durchführen. Anhand der vorgeschlagenen Reihenfolge der Experimente können Schülerinnen und Schüler nachvollziehen, welche Faktoren zu einer Steigerung der Zellleistung beitragen.
Differential expression and subcellular localization of Copines in mouse retina
Authors: Goel Manvi , Li Tiansen , Badea Tudor C.
Published: March 2019

Combinatorial expression of Brn3 transcription factors is required for the development of cell‐specific morphologies in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). The molecular mechanisms by which Brn3s regulate RGC type specific features are largely unexplored. We previously identified several members of the Copine (Cpne) family of molecules as potential targets of Brn3 transcription factors in the retina. We now use in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry to characterize Copine expression in the postnatal and adult mouse retina. We find that Cpne5, 6, and 9 are expressed in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) and inner nuclear layer (INL) in both amacrine cells and RGCs. Cpne4 expression is restricted to one amacrine cell population of the INL, but is specifically expressed in RGCs in the GCL. Cpne4 expression in RGCs is regulated by Brn3b both cell autonomously (in Brn3b+ RGCs) and cell nonautonomously (in Brn3b− RGCs). Copines exhibit a variety of subcellular distributions when overexpressed in tissue culture cells (HEK293), and can induce the formation of elongated processes reminiscent of neurites in these non‐neuronal cells. Our results suggest that Copines might be involved in a combinatorial fashion in Brn3b‐dependent specification of RGC types. Given their expression profile and previously proven role as Ca2+ sensors, they may participate in the morphogenetic processes that shape RGC dendrite and axon formation at early postnatal ages.
Prevention of snus use: Attitudes and activities in the Public Dental Service in the south‐eastern part of Norway
Authors: Tanner Tarja , Valen Håkon Rukke , Grøtvedt Liv , Kopperud Simen E. , Becher Rune , Karlsen Line Schrøder , Ansteinsson Vibeke
Published: March 2019

Dental health care professionals have the opportunity to play a key role in tobacco prevention and cessation among adolescents. Snus use has increased in Norway, especially in the age group 16–24, whereas there has been a decline in smoking. This study investigated attitudes and activities related to snus prevention among dental health care professionals working in the Public Dental Service (PDS) in south‐eastern Norway. A web‐based survey with a total of 557 dentists and dental hygienists in seven counties in Norway, with a response rate of 53.5%, was carried out in 2017. Dentists' and dental hygienists' activities regarding preventive snus use intervention were analysed using the chi‐square test. Intervention was measured with a score (1–5) based on four questions. Bivariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were used to investigate the associations between the explanatory variables of attitudes/activities and the outcome intervention variable. Approximately 87% of the dentists and 58% of the dental hygienists were not familiar with the “minimum intervention method” for tobacco prevention and cessation. Dental hygienists were most active in informing and supporting their patients in prevention and cessation of snus use. The PDS is an underutilized arena for tobacco prevention and cessation among adolescents, and the intervention potential is particularly high among the dentists.
Metal–Organic Gel‐Derived Multimetal Oxides as Effective Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Cao Zhengmao , Jiang Zhongwei , Li Yang , Huang Chengzhi , Li Yuanfang
Published: March 2019

Exploring efficient and durable catalysts derived from earth‐abundant and cost‐effective materials is a highly desirable route to overcome the sluggish anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). A series of multinary metal–organic gels (MOGs) with various and alterable metal element compositions are prepared by straightforward mixing of metal ions with ligand 4,4′,4′′‐[(1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4,6‐triyl)tris(azanediyl)]tribenzoic acid (H3TATAB) in solution at room temperature. Spinel‐type metal oxides with excellent electrocatalytic OER performance were then obtained through calcination of the as‐synthesized MOGs. In electrochemical testing, the trimetallic oxide CoFeNi‐O‐1 (derived from the MOG with a Co/Fe/Ni molar ratio of 5:1:4) exhibits remarkable catalytic activity with a low overpotential of 244 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 and a small Tafel slope of 55.4 mV dec−1 in alkaline electrolyte, outperforming most recently reported electrocatalysts. This work not only provides a promising OER catalyst and enriches the application of MOGs in the catalytic field, but also offers a facile new route to acquiring multicomponent metal oxides with high electrocatalytic activity.
The protective effect of kaempferol on heart via the regulation of Nrf2, NF‐κβ, and PI3K/Akt/GSK‐3β signaling pathways in isoproterenol‐induced heart failure in diabetic rats
Authors: Zhang Long , Guo Zhaoxia , Wang Yan , Geng Jun , Han Shuyi
Published: March 2019

This study was designed to delineate the effect of kaempferol (KF) on heart failure (HF) in diabetic rats. Streptozotocin‐induced male diabetic rats received KF orally at 10 and 20 mg/kg for 42 consecutive days. In last 2 days of the experimental period, isoproterenol was subcutaneously injected at 85 mg/kg to induce HF. The hearts were processed for hemodynamic, biochemical, molecular, and histological investigations. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial blood pressure were elevated in KF‐treated HF‐induced diabetic rats. Moreover, KF treatment resulted in decreased fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels with increased serum insulin levels. Besides, serum cardiac injury markers like troponin‐I, creatine kinase‐muscle/brain, lactate dehydrogenase, and brain natriuretic peptide levels were significantly reduced in KF treatment. KF treatment has shown decrease in cardiac heme oxygenase‐1, nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf‐2), and γ‐glutamylcysteine synthetase with increased Keap1 mRNA levels. The cardioprotection of KF was improved by inhibition of apoptosis via blocking phosphorylation of Akt/glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)‐3β and p38 mitogen‐activated protein‐kinase/extracellular signal‐regulated kinases signaling pathways in HF‐induced diabetic rats. Moreover, reduced cardiac apoptosis in KF treatment was confirmed by decreased terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick‐end labeling (TUNEL) positive cells, histopathological changes in HF‐induced diabetic rats. Therefore, the cardioprotective effect of KF is attributed to the regulation of Nrf2, nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells, and Akt/GSK‐3β signaling pathways in HF‐induced diabetic rats.
3D Printing: Applications in evolution and ecology
Authors: Walker Matthew , Humphries Stuart
Published: March 2019

In the commercial and medical sectors, 3D printing is delivering on its promise to enable a revolution. However, in the fields of Ecology and Evolution we are only on the brink of embracing the advantages that 3D printing can offer. Here we discuss examples where the process has enabled researchers to develop new techniques, work with novel species, and to enhance the impact of outreach activities. Our aim is to showcase the potential that 3D printing offers in terms of improved experimental techniques, greater flexibility, reduced costs and promoting open science, while also discussing its limitations. By taking a general overview of studies using the technique from fields across the broad range of Ecology and Evolution, we show the flexibility of 3D printing technology and aim to inspire the next generation of discoveries.
Coordination Engineering Construction of Si@ZnS@N,S‐Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite as Anode Material with Enhanced Lithium Storage Performance
Authors: Liu Guilong , Liu Xianming , Li Xiaorui , Jin Xueyang , Xiao Haiyan , Wu Naiteng , Guo Donglei , Tang Siye
Published: March 2019

Silicon (Si) has been extensively studied as an anode material for lithium‐ion batteries due to its high specific capacity. However, the low conductivity and huge volume expansion of Si during cycles usually result in poor cyclic life span and poor rate performance. Herein, based on coordination engineering, a novel composite, i.e., Si@ZnS@ N,S‐doped reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is fabricated by the one‐step vulcanization of Si@ZIF‐8@rGO. In the composite material, N,S‐doped rGO can significantly improve the electronic conductivity, ZnS leads to the improvement in the ionic conductivity of the material, and the high capacity of ZnS improves the capacity of the composite material. As a result, the material exhibits good electrochemical performance with a high specific capacity of 1218 mAh g−1 even after 500 cycles at 0.5 A g−1.
Numerical study on heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of fluid flow in an inserted coiled tube type three fluid heat exchanger
Authors: Mohapatra Taraprasad , Ray Subhankar , Sahoo Sudhansu Sekhar , Padhi Biranchi Narayana
Published: March 2019

The paper presents numerical investigations of a three fluid heat exchanger (TFHE), which is an improvement on the double pipe heat exchanger, where a helical tube is inserted in the annular space between two straight pipes. The helical tube side fluid, that is, hot water continuously transfers heat to the outer annulus side fluid and innermost tube side fluid. The heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of the TFHE are assessed for different flow rates and inlet temperatures. With an increment in the volumetric flow rate of the helical tube side fluid and outer annulus side fluid, the overall heat transfer coefficient increases, and the effectiveness decreases for heat transfer from the helical tube side fluid to outer annulus side fluid in both parallel flow and counter flow configurations. It is also observed that with increment in the helical tube side fluid inlet temperature, the overall heat transfer coefficient and effectiveness increases for heat transfer from the helical tube side fluid to outer annulus side fluid in both flow configurations. The parameter, JF factor, has been proposed to evaluate the thermohydraulic behavior of the TFHE, where it is obtained that the behavior of the TFHE is better at a lower helical tube side fluid velocity and higher outer annulus side fluid velocity.
Exploitation of an insulated air chamber as a glazed cover of a conventional solar still
Authors: Khechekhouche Abderrahmane , Benhaoua Boubaker , Manokar A. Muthu , Kabeel Abd Elnaby , Sathyamurthy Ravishankar
Published: March 2019

The countries of North Africa suffer from a serious problem that affects a large number of people. The trouble is the provisioning of drinking water. Several techniques are used but solar distillation; which seems to be an appropriate, economical, and easy solution. Conventional solar distiller is used in the Saharan areas but the yield of this device is low, that's why there are several studies that are focused on improving this distiller. The technique of double glazing gives an increase in the efficiency of a solar collector; hence, the idea of using the same technique in a conventional solar distiller. Two covers of glasses separated by 1 cm, isolated from the four sides was put on a distiller of dimensions 0.5 × 0.5 m. The results show that this technique minimizes the distiller's yield by 56.52% when compared with the conventional solar distiller.
Using equivalence‐based instruction to teach piano skills to children
Authors: Hill Kelli E. , Griffith Kristin R. , Miguel Caio F.
Published: March 2019

The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effects of equivalence‐based instruction (EBI) on learning to play individual notes and simple songs on the piano. Participants were 4 typically developing children and 4 children with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). They were exposed to a series of auditory–visual matching‐to‐sample procedures using musical stimuli. Following training, participants were tested on the emergence of novel untrained relations and generalization in the form of playing two songs on a keyboard. Results suggest that the EBI was effective in teaching piano playing skills with both typically developing children and children with ASD. The success of this procedure is indicative of the wide‐ranging applications of EBI to novel and creative domains.
Quantitative analysis of nonvisit care activities performed by ambulatory care pharmacists in the outpatient primary care clinic setting
Authors: Kosloski Tarpenning Kimberly A. , McGill Sarah A. , Peterson Jessica A. , Yost Kaitlin J. , Tumerman Marc D.
Published: March 2019

Introduction

The value of pharmacists as direct patient care providers in integrated ambulatory care teams has been demonstrated. As the reimbursement landscape changes, patient care outside of office visits is increasing through nonvisit care.

Objective

We aimed to quantify the time spent by ambulatory care pharmacists on nonvisit care activities in the outpatient primary care clinic setting.

Methods

Data were collected from four outpatient ambulatory care practices in our institution over 12 weeks. The primary objective was to quantify the time spent performing nonvisit care activities. Secondary objectives were to quantify the number of patients affected, the number of nonvisit care activities, the types of medication therapy problems (MTPs) encountered during nonvisit care activities, and the resulting medication therapy interventions.

Results

A total of 1311 patients were affected during the study, and pharmacists spent a daily average of 1.6 hours performing nonvisit patient care. Among 1548 nonvisit care activities, staff face‐to‐face curbside consult was the most frequent (41%). Among 1866 MTPs identified (1.4 MTP per patient), the most common problems identified were need for education (31%), adverse medication events (21%), need for an additional medication (20%), and nonadherence (12%). The most common interventions were health care team education (28%), recommendation to switch medication (18%), patient education (17%), and start a new medication (14%).

Conclusion

Ambulatory care pharmacists spent considerable time performing nonvisit care, with multiple MTPs identified during these encounters. Health care teams frequently used pharmacists for nonvisit patient care. Further research is needed to determine the best utilization of pharmacist resources allocated to nonvisit care in an integrated ambulatory care practice.
Enhancement of chemoradiation by co‐incorporation of gold nanoparticles and cisplatin into alginate hydrogel
Authors: Mirrahimi Mehri , Khateri Maziar , Beik Jaber , Ghoreishi Fatemeh S. , Dezfuli Amin Shiralizadeh , Ghaznavi Habib , Shakeri‐Zadeh Ali
Published: March 2019

Nonspecificity and high toxicity limit the treatment efficacy and safety of chemoradiation therapy. Effective tumor targeting of anticancer drugs and radiosensitizing agents is highly desirable to amplify the efficacy of this standard cancer therapy approach. To achieve this goal, we exploited the synergy of cisplatin and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) co‐loaded into alginate hydrogel network, forming so‐called ACA nanocomplex, and X‐ray radiation. Cisplatin is a commonly used anticancer agent, and at the same time, along with AuNPs could function as radiosensitizers to enhance the radiation‐induced damages through various pathways. The ACA nanocomplex improved the therapeutic efficiency of standard chemotherapy and yielded 79% growth inhibition in CT26 colon adenocarcinoma tumor after 28 days, which was significantly higher than that of 9% for free cisplatin administration. Moreover, the combination of ACA nanocomplex with 6 MV X‐ray dramatically suppressed tumor growth up to 95%, showing 51% enhancement in antitumor activity compared to standard chemoradiation. The nanocomplex developed herein holds the promise to promote the efficiency of standard chemoradiation while maintaining the patient's safety through reducing the clinically administered doses of anticancer drug and X‐ray. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B:2658–2663, 2019.
Altered Tissue Composition, Microarchitecture, and Mechanical Performance in Cancellous Bone From Men With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Hunt Heather B , Torres Ashley M , Palomino Pablo M , Marty Eric , Saiyed Rehan , Cohn Matthew , Jo Jonathan , Warner Stephen , Sroga Grazyna E , King Karen B , Lane Joseph M , Vashishth Deepak , Hernandez Christopher J , Donnelly Eve
Published: March 2019

People with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have normal-to-high BMDs, but, counterintuitively, have greater fracture risks than people without T2DM, even after accounting for potential confounders like BMI and falls. Therefore, T2DM may alter aspects of bone quality, including material properties or microarchitecture, that increase fragility independently of bone mass. Our objective was to elucidate the factors that influence fragility in T2DM by comparing the material properties, microarchitecture, and mechanical performance of cancellous bone in a clinical population of men with and without T2DM. Cancellous specimens from the femoral neck were collected during total hip arthroplasty (T2DM: n = 31, age = 65 ± 8 years, HbA1c = 7.1 ± 0.9%; non-DM: n = 34, age = 62 ± 9 years, HbA1c = 5.5 ± 0.4%). The T2DM specimens had greater concentrations of the advanced glycation endproduct pentosidine (+ 36%, P < 0.05) and sugars bound to the collagen matrix (+ 42%, P < 0.05) than the non-DM specimens. The T2DM specimens trended toward a greater bone volume fraction (BV/TV) (+ 24%, NS, P = 0.13) and had greater mineral content (+ 7%, P < 0.05) than the non-DM specimens. Regression modeling of the mechanical outcomes revealed competing effects of T2DM on bone mechanical behavior. The trend of higher BV/TV values and the greater mineral content observed in the T2DM specimens increased strength, whereas the greater values of pentosidine in the T2DM group decreased postyield strain and toughness. The long-term medical management and presence of osteoarthritis in these patients may influence these outcomes. Nevertheless, our data indicate a beneficial effect of T2DM on cancellous microarchitecture, but a deleterious effect of T2DM on the collagen matrix. These data suggest that high concentrations of advanced glycation endproducts can increase fragility by reducing the ability of bone to absorb energy before failure, especially for the subset of T2DM patients with low BV/TV. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Family Functioning, Family Structure, and Differentiation of Self in Heterosexual Spanish Couples: An Actor–Partner Analysis
Authors: Rodríguez‐González Martiño , Schweer‐Collins Maria , Bell Chance A. , Sandberg Jonathan G. , Rodríguez‐Naranjo Carmen
Published: March 2019

This study used an actor–partner interdependence model to assess the relationship between differentiation of self and family functioning in a sample of 118 heterosexual Spanish couples, with additional attention to family structural correlates, including age of the children, number of children in the household, and educational level. Results showed a significant actor effect, with greater differentiation of self levels predicting better family functioning within individuals. Implications for mental health professionals regarding differentiation are provided.
A one‐pot green synthesis of 2‐amino‐4H‐benzo[h]chromenes catalyzed by a dioxomolybdenum Schiff base complex supported on magnetic nanoparticles as an efficient and recyclable nanocatalyst
Authors: Aghajani Milad , Monadi Niaz
Published: March 2019

In this work, catalytic performance of a molybdenum Schiff base complex‐supported magnetic support as a nanocatalyst was evaluated for the preparation of 2‐amino‐4H‐benzo[h]chromenes through one‐pot, three component reactions of 1‐naphthol, various aldehydes, and malononitrile under solvent‐free conditions. A promising greener and eco‐friendly method with a short reaction time, high yield of products, and simple work‐up procedure was achieved. The nanocatalyst could be easily separated and regenerated from reaction media by an external magnet and reused at least seven consecutive times with small drops in its catalytic performance.
Preparation of FeS/iron oxide composite and flax stem‐based porous carbon and its Cr(VI) removal ability
Authors: Zhao Hong‐Jian , Wu Ren‐Jang , Zhang Jing , Ma Fu , Zhao Wen‐Xia , Han Yan‐Wei
Published: March 2019

Using flax stem and ferrous sulfate, a composite porous carbon material was prepared by means of high‐temperature roasting and a one‐step process in a muffle furnace. The samples were characterized using X‐Ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the effects of ferrous sulfate concentration, carbonization temperature, and pH values of Cr(VI) aqueous solution on the removal performance of Cr(VI) were studied. XRD and SEM analysis showed that the prepared samples were amorphous porous carbon loaded with FeS/Fe2O3/Fe3O4. High FeSO4 impregnation concentration, high carbonization temperature, and a low pH value of Cr(VI) aqueous solution were beneficial for Cr(VI) removal. When pH = 2, the amount of Cr(VI) removal was 99.93 mg/g by the sample obtained from 1 g flax powder impregnated in 4.5 mmol FeSO4/40 mL H2O solution and calcined for 2 hr at 800°C.
Single‐Dose Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Solriamfetol in Participants With Normal or Impaired Renal Function and With End‐Stage Renal Disease Requiring Hemodialysis
Authors: Zomorodi Katie , Chen Dan , Lee Lawrence , Lasseter Kenneth , Marbury Thomas
Published: March 2019

Solriamfetol (JZP‐110), a selective dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor with wake‐promoting effects, is renally excreted ∼90% unchanged within 48 hours. Effects of renal impairment and hemodialysis on the pharmacokinetics and safety of 75‐mg single‐dose solriamfetol were evaluated in adults with normal renal function (n = 6); mild (n = 6), moderate (n = 6), or severe (n = 6) renal impairment; and end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) with and without hemodialysis (n = 7). Relative to normal renal function, geometric mean area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time zero to infinity increased 53%, 129%, and 339%, and mean half‐life was 1.2‐, 1.9‐, and 3.9‐fold higher with mild, moderate, and severe renal impairment, respectively. Renal excretion of unchanged solriamfetol over 48 hours was 85.8%, 80.0%, 66.4%, and 57.1% in normal, mild, moderate, and severe renal impairment groups, respectively; mean maximum concentration and time to maximum concentration did not vary substantially. Decreases in solriamfetol clearance were proportional to decreases in estimated glomerular filtration rate. Geometric mean area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time zero to time of last quantifiable concentration increased 357% and 518% vs normal in ESRD with and without hemodialysis, respectively, with half‐life >100 hours in both groups. Over the 4‐hour hemodialysis period, ∼21% of solriamfetol dose was removed. Adverse events included headache (n = 1) and nausea (n = 1). Six days after dosing, 1 participant had increased alanine and aspartate aminotransferase, leading to study discontinuation. While these adverse events were deemed study‐drug related, they were mild and resolved. Results from this study combined with population pharmacokinetic modeling/simulation suggest that solriamfetol dosage adjustments are necessary in patients with moderate or severe but not with mild renal impairment. Due to significant exposure increase/prolonged half‐life, dosing is not recommended in patients with ESRD.
A New Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Method for Detecting and Quantifying Low Levels of Dimethyl Sulfate in Palm Oil‐Based Sulfonated Methyl Esters
Authors: Ping Bonnie Tay Yen , Aziz Haliza Abdul
Published: March 2019

Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is a potential carcinogen that may be formed during the production of α‐sulfonated methyl ester (α‐SME). To date, there have been no published analytical methods for quantification of DMS in palm oil‐based α‐SME. The objective of the method development was to establish a simple and reliable method for quantifying and monitoring DMS from palm oil‐based α‐SME. The sample preparation prior to analysis involved extracting DMS from α‐SME using hexane. The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) separation was performed on an Agilent MS‐HP5 column (30 m × 320 μm × 0.25 μm). The MS signal was obtained in the selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. The method was validated according to the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The accuracy of the method was measured via percentage recoveries of DMS from spiked α‐SME samples at spiking levels of (25, 125, 250, and 500) μg mL−1. The percentage recoveries for all spiking levels were found to be in the range of 88.6–97.4%. The repeatability and interday reproducibility were found to be satisfactory as the relative standard deviations (RSD) were within 11%. The method also has a good linear relationship as indicated by the coefficient of determination of 0.9996 over the range of 1.0–30 μg mL−1. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) corresponded to 0.8 and 2.3 μg mL−1, respectively. The developed method demonstrated sufficient linearity, intraday and interday precision, sensitivity, and accuracy for determination of DMS in palm oil‐based α‐SME.
Physiologic Model for Seasonal Patterns in Flu Transmission
Authors: Ference Ryan S. , Leonard James A. , Stupak Howard D.
Published: March 2019

Seasonal patterns in flu transmission have observational validity in temperate climates. However, there is no consensus mechanism explaining the increased incidence of flu during the winter. The physiologic effects of cold weather and dry air on the upper respiratory system may contribute to immune dysfunction and increased susceptibly to flu‐causing pathogens. Low temperature limits the absolute humidity of air. Persistent exposure to dry air leads to airway desiccation and failure of the mucociliary system. The resultant physiologic and histopathologic changes that occur in the airway increase susceptibility to flu‐causing pathogens. Laryngoscope, 130:309–313, 2020
Observed changes in climate extremes in Nigeria
Authors: Gbode Imoleayo E. , Adeyeri Oluwafemi E. , Menang Kaah P. , Intsiful Joseph D. K. , Ajayi Vincent O. , Omotosho Jerome A. , Akinsanola Akintomide A.
Published: March 2019

The study presents observed changes in climate extremes using daily precipitation and temperature data over 24 stations, covering the three climatic zones (Guinea coast, Savannah and Sahel) of Nigeria for the period 1971–2013. The data were homogenized with Expert Team on Climate Change Detection Indices (ETCCDI) RHtests version 4 software. RClimDex version 1.0 software was used to calculate 17 of the ETCCDI recommended precipitation and temperature extreme indices. The spatio‐temporal variation in the observed trends was analysed over each of the climatic zone. Results show a significant increase in the frequencies of warm spell, warm days and nights and decreasing cold spell, cold days and nights over the three climatic zones. A significant increase in annual total precipitation was found in some stations across the Guinea coast and Sahel zones. Changes in consecutive dry days and consecutive wet days are non‐significant in most stations. Also, a significant increase in extremely wet days was observed in a few stations across the three climatic zones. The implication of the observed warming could, however, result in thermal discomfort of lives in areas with significant positive trends. This could also exert pressure on the economy's power sector, as energy demand for cooling will increase. The increase in total annual precipitation will potentially be favourable for hydropower generation and increase the availability of the potable water supply for both industrial and domestic uses in the country. However, the increase in consecutive dry days and the decrease in consecutive wet days are dangerous for agricultural practices and, hence, food security.
A general decay result of a wave equation with a dynamic boundary control of diffusive type
Authors: Cheheb Farida , Benkhedda Hanane , Benaissa Abbes
Published: March 2019

We study a wave equation with a dynamic boundary control of diffusive type. We establish optimal and explicit energy decay formula by using resolvent estimates. Our new result generalizes and improves the earlier related results in the literature.
Spherically symmetric flow for a viscous radiative and reactive gas in a field of potential forces with large initial data
Authors: Zhang Lan
Published: March 2019

In this article, we are concerned with the asymptotic behavior of spherically symmetric solution of a viscous radiative and reactive gas in a field of external force in an unbounded domain exterior to the unit sphere in
for n ≥ 3. The global solution is proved to exist uniquely and converges to the stationary solution as time tends to infinity for large initial data. It is crucial to deduce uniform positive lower and upper bounds on the specific volume and the temperature.
A 22‐37 GHz low noise amplifier with 2.8 dB mean noise figure and +22.9 dBm output 3rd‐order intercept point for 5th generation applications
Authors: Ma Qian , Xiang Yuanjiang
Published: March 2019

This paper presents a wideband 22‐37 GHz low noise amplifier (LNA) realized in a 0.25 μm SiGe BiCMOS technology. The design incorporates additional noise matching between the cascode transistors to minimize the noise figure (NF) degradation. The second stage incorporates an active balun architecture with a tail inductor to improve the common‐mode rejection ratio (CMRR). To extend the bandwidth, a capacitive feed forward path is added at the second stage. The LNA presents a minimum in‐band NF of 2.3 dB from 22‐37 GHz. The achieved 3 dB‐gain bandwidth is larger than 15 GHz, with a peak gain of 20.8 dB at 28 GHz. The output 3rd‐order intercept point (OIP3) is +22.9 dBm for a total power consumption of 94 mW. The area of the core circuit is 0.35 × 0.47 mm2. To the author's knowledge, the LNA shows the best overall performance compared to the existing silicon‐based LNAs.
A nonlinear Lagrangian particle model for grains assemblies including grain relative rotations
Authors: Turco Emilio , dell'Isola Francesco , Misra Anil
Published: March 2019

We formulate a discrete Lagrangian model for a set of interacting grains, which is purely elastic. The considered degrees of freedom for each grain include placement of barycenter and rotation. Further, we limit the study to the case of planar systems. A representative grain radius is introduced to express the deformation energy to be associated to relative displacements and rotations of interacting grains. We distinguish inter‐grains elongation/compression energy from inter‐grains shear and rotations energies, and we consider an exact finite kinematics in which grain rotations are independent of grain displacements. The equilibrium configurations of the grain assembly are calculated by minimization of deformation energy for selected imposed displacements and rotations at the boundaries. Behaviours of grain assemblies arranged in regular patterns, without and with defects, and similar mechanical properties are simulated. The values of shear, rotation, and compression elastic moduli are varied to investigate the shapes and thicknesses of the layers where deformation energy, relative displacement, and rotations are concentrated. It is found that these concentration bands are close to the boundaries and in correspondence of grain voids. The obtained results question the possibility of introducing a first gradient continuum models for granular media and justify the development of both numerical and theoretical methods for including frictional, plasticity, and damage phenomena in the proposed model.
Impact of personal bias on performance of employees in public sector banks
Authors: Wei Zhang , Siyal Abdul Waheed , Bhand Shaharbano
Published: March 2019

Purpose

This study discusses the multitude of challenges that employees in public sector banks face regarding their annual performance appraisal due to personal bias exercised by their supervisors.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected by interviewing 50 people working in five leading public sector banks in Pakistan to draw the outcomes of the present research.

Findings

Problems lie in the implementation and justification of evaluation policies that affect employees' career growth, progression, and monetary rewards and fringes, which ultimately hit employees' annual performance appraisal. This study evidences the record deterioration in progression of employees due to personal bias as the appraisers give partial evaluations to those with whom they have any differences and favor their nears and dears or those who are more visible to them or remained in their good books due to personal reasons. This leads employees to feel unfairly treated because the evaluation criterion for performance appraisal seems unjust and illogical. This develops despair, distress, hostility, and distrust among employees when the appraisals are being conducted. The appraisal system does not differentiate between performers or nonperformers due to biased evaluations; therefore, decisions on promotions or career progression cannot be based on such appraisals. The problem of demotivation among employees is also a result of an ineffective performance appraisal mechanism, as no differentiation exists between star performers and nonperformers.

Practical implications

While considering the prevalent biased evaluation patterns in public sector banks, requisite changes in appraisal design need to be contemplated to rectify the process of performance appraisal and cope with employees' despair, hostility, and distrust.

Originality/value

The paper is an early attempt to investigate impact of supervisors' personal bias on employees' performance management, growth, and progression in public sector banks.
Surfaceome of Exosomes Secreted from the Colorectal Cancer Cell Line SW480: Peripheral and Integral Membrane Proteins Analyzed by Proteolysis and TX114
Authors: Xu Rong , Greening David W. , Chen Maoshan , Rai Alin , Ji Hong , Takahashi Nobuhiro , Simpson Richard J.
Published: March 2019

Exosomes are important bidirectional cell–cell communicators in normal and pathological physiology. Although exosomal surface membrane proteins (surfaceome) enable target cell recognition and are an attractive source of disease marker, they are poorly understood. Here, a comprehensive surfaceome analysis of exosomes secreted by the colorectal cancer cell line SW480 is described. Sodium carbonate extraction/Triton X‐114 phase separation and mild proteolysis (proteinase K, PK) of intact exosomes is used in combination with label‐free quantitative mass spectrometry to identify 1025 exosomal proteins of which 208 are predicted to be integral membrane proteins (IMPs) according to TOPCONS and GRAVY scores. Interrogation of UniProt database‐annotated proteins reveals 124 predicted peripherally‐associated membrane proteins (PMPs). Surprisingly, 108 RNA‐binding proteins (RBPs)/RNA nucleoproteins (RNPs) are found in the carbonate/Triton X‐114 insoluble fraction. Mild PK treatment of SW480‐GFP labeled exosomes reveal 58 proteolytically cleaved IMPs and 14 exoplasmic PMPs (e.g., CLU/GANAB/LGALS3BP). Interestingly, 18 RBPs/RNPs (e.g., EIF3L/RPL6) appear bound to the outer exosome surface since they are sensitive to PK proteolysis. The finding that outer surface‐localized miRNA Let‐7a‐5p is RNase A–resistant, but degraded by a combination of RNase A/PK treatment suggests exosomal miRNA species also reside on the outer surface of exosomes bound to RBPs/RNPs.
Profiling of Histidine Phosphoproteome in Danio rerio by TiO2 Enrichment
Authors: Gao Yan , Lee Hyojin , Kwon Oh Kwang , Cheng Zhongyi , Tan Minjia , Kim Ki‐Tae , Lee Sangkyu
Published: March 2019

Histidine phosphorylation is a reversible post‐translational modification that is known to regulate signal transduction in prokaryotes. However, functional studies in eukaryotes have been largely neglected due to the labile nature of N‐linked phosphorylated amino acids. In an effort to help elucidate the heretofore hidden vertebrate phosphoproteome, this report presents a global phosphorylation analysis of Danio rerio (zebrafish) larvae. Phosphopeptide enrichment is performed using a TiO2 affinity technique. A total of 68 unique phosphohistidine sites are detected on 63 proteins among 1076 unique phosphosites on 708 proteins. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD012735. This report provides the first phosphohistidine dataset obtained from zebrafish.