bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous models for accounting policy optimization of stock corporations according to German commercial law
Authors: Freidank Carl-Christian , Sassen Remmer
Published: December 2016

The paper presents simultaneous models for accounting policy optimization of stock corporations according to German commercial law. In particular, we illustrate the integration into the optimization models of effective income tax, deferred taxes, remuneration principles for members of management boards and supervisory boards under stock corporation law, parameters for the distribution of profits, and key indicators of the annual financial statements. The models are useful to design optimal financial statements in line with the targets of the company
Legal rules, shareholders and corporate governance. The European shareholder rights’ directive and its impact on corporate governance of Italian listed companies: The telecom S.P.A. case
Authors: Bruno Sabrina
Published: December 2016

This paper investigates the role that shareholders may play in corporate governance by analysing the European Shareholder Rights’ Directive n. 36/2007/EC and the consequences of its implementation upon general meetings and ownership structure of Italian listed companies. It summarises the rules introduced by the n. 36/2007/EC Directive in European company law aiming at strengthening shareholders’ voice in general meetings on the assumption that this is a prerequisite for sound corporate governance. It then presents data of Italian general meetings from 2010 through 2014 to highlight a rise in attendance and voting in particular by foreign institutional investors especially on certain items (such as directors’ remuneration, election and dismissal, and approval of financial statements). Finally the study presents the Telecom S.p.a. case to show that the new provisions can overturn the ownership structure of Italian companies when there is a de facto control and, at the same time, may play a significant role in improving corporate governance by balancing the power of dominant shareholders
Impact of section 201 of SOX on the relationship between audit and non-audit fees
Authors: Rahman Md. Jahidur
Published: December 2016

This study aims to investigate the changes that the prohibition of the non-audit services by section 201 of SOX brought in the relationship between the audit fees and non-audit fees. Both univariate and multivatiate regression methodologies has been used to test the hypotheses. Using both OLS and two-stage least squares, this study find a weak positive relationship between audit fees and non-audit fees. This result suggests that the companies need to pay an increased rate of both audit and non-audit fees after SOX. The findings of this paper will be the use of financial reporting regulatory authorities such as Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB). It will also guide the researchers for future investigations. This study will be the one of the first to provide evidence on the changes in the relationship between audit and non-audit fees because of the Section 201 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act
USAHA KAYU RAKYAT DALAM SISTEM PENGHIDUPAN PETANI KECIL (Kasus Desa Curug, Kecamatan Jasinga, Kabupaten Bogor)
Authors: Aulia Arsyad Ahmad
Published: December 2016

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis peran usaha kayu rakyat dalam strategi nafkah
rumahtangga petani, di Desa Curug, Kabupaten Bogor. Faktor penting yang diketahui dapat memengaruhi usaha kayu rakyat adalah kelembagaan. Oleh sebab itu perlu diketahui bagaimana peran kelembagaan dalam mendukung atau menghambat rumah tangga petani untuk mengakses usaha kayu kecil. Pendekatan kualitatif melalui observasi dan wawancara mendalam digunakan sebagai pendekatan utama, pada pendekatan kuantitatif dengan instrumen kuesioner dan  tinjauan literatur  yang sesuai dengan kasus digunakan untuk mendukung data kualitatif. Usaha kayu rakyat tidak digunakan sebagai mata pencaharian utama disebabkan oleh berbagai alasan termasuk masa panen yang panjang, tidak dapat digunakan sebagai pendapatan harian, dan kepemilikan lahan yang sempit sehingga tidak bisa ditanam dalam skala besar. Petani cenderung untuk menjual kayu mereka masih dalam bentuk pohon, dan pembeli membeli secara borongan, atau membeli semua pohon berkayu di lahan publik menghiraukan umur pohon.
Kata kunci : kelembagaan, sistem penghidupan, usaha kayu, usaha rakyat
EFEKTIVITAS AWIG-AWIG DALAM PENGATURAN KEHIDUPAN MASYARAKAT NELAYAN DI PANTAI KEDONGANAN BALI
Authors: Widyastini Tyas , Dharmawan Arya Hadi
Published: December 2016

Tujuan dari penelitian ini yakni untuk menganalisis efektivitas Awig-awig pengaturan kehidupan
masyarakat nelayan. Awig-awig merupakan pranata sosial di Bali dan suatu peraturan yang dijalankan, awig-awig dibentuk oleh penduduk lokal sebagai pedoman untuk berperilaku dalam interaksi sosial. Awigawig terdiri dari sekumpulan aturan, tertulis atau tidak tertulis berlandaskan filosofi hindu Tri Hita Karana. Penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengetahui te ntang pengetahuan, pemahaman dan implementasi nelayan terhadap awig-awig yang mengatur kehidupan masyarakat nelayan. Responden penelitian ini adalah nelayan lokal dan pendatang. Efektivitas awig-awig dapat diketahui dari jumlah pelanggaran aturan, saksi yang tegas, sosialisasi yang intensif, petugas yang melakukan kontrol, dan penghargaan terhadap nelayan.
Kata Kunci : awig-awig, efektivitas, peraturan kehidupan
JARINGAN SOSIAL DAN STRATEGI ADAPTASI TENAGA KERJA MIGRAN ASAL LAMPUNG DI DESA JAYAMUKTI, KECAMATAN CIKARANG PUSAT, KABUPATEN BEKASI, PROVINSI JAWA BARAT
Authors: Marga Safitri Yessi , Wahyuni Ekawati S
Published: December 2016

Tingkat pertumbuhan penduduk meningkat secara cepat pada beberapa tahun terakhir menimbulkan permasalahan pada ketenagakerjaan. Pertumbuhan penduduk yang tidak didukung dengan peningkatan sumberdaya dan lapangan pekerjaan menambah jumlah pengangguran. Kondisi tersebut memacu penduduk untuk melakukan migrasi. Perpindahan penduduk dipengaruhi oleh faktor pendorong dari daerah asal, diantaranya yakni terbatasnya pekerjaan dan juga faktor penarik dari daerah tujuan, salah satunya lapangan pekerjaan yang lebih banyak. Fenomena perpindahan penduduk di Indonesia umumnya membentuk siklus dimana migran yang kaya secara ekonomi dan sosial akan memengaruhi keluarga mereka, saudara atau teman untuk ikut bermigrasi. Situasi yang berbeda dan kondisi pada daerah tujuan mendorong mereka untuk beradaptasi sebagai strategi bertahan hidup. Jaringan sosial sangat penting bagi para migran di daerah tujuan.  
PENGARUH TAMAN WISATA ALAM PANGANDARAN TERHADAP KONDISI SOSIAL EKONOMI MASYARAKAT (Studi: Desa Pangandaran, Kecamatan Pangandaran, Kabupaten Ciamis, Provinsi Jawa Barat)
Authors: Dhalyana Dini , Adiwibowo Soeryo
Published: December 2016

Penelitian ini dilakukan selama bulan April 2012 di Desa Pangandaran, Kecamatan Pangandaran,
Kabupaten Ciamis, Jawa Barat. Tujuan penelitian ini, pertama mengidentifikasi  jenis-jenis pekerjaan yang tumbuh di TWA Pangandaran akibat adanya kegiatan pariwisata. Kedua, menganalisis kontribusi pekerjaan di sektor pariwisata dalam menyumbang pendapatan rumah tangga pelaku usahanya. Ketiga, menganalisis pengaruh kegiatan pariwisata terhadap kehidupan sosial penduduk lokal. Metode penelitiannya menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Sekitar 63 responden rumahtangga yang diwawancarai berasal dari jenis pekerjaan yang berbeda. Selama pengambilan data dilakukan wawancara mendalam yang didukung dengan studi literatur. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan sektor pariwisata di Pangandaran telah menciptakan lapangan pekerjaan terutama terhadap total pendapatan rumah tangga penduduk lokal. Sementara pada pola kerjasama antar sesama pelaku usaha, keberadaan industri pariwisata mempererat hubungan diantara pelaku usaha. Namun disisi lain, aktivitas wisata di Pangandaran memberikan pengaruh lain kehidupan masyarakat, seperti perubahan gaya hidup dan perilaku menyimpang.  Kata kunci : kehidupan sosial, masyarakat lokal, pendapatan rumah tangga, pekerjaan pada sektor wisata, wisata
IDEOLOGI AKTOR DAN PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT TERHADAP DAMPAK PERTAMBANGAN PASIR DI PEDESAAN GUNUNG GALUNGGUNG
Authors: Rahmadian Faris , Dharmawan Arya Hadi
Published: December 2016

Pasca erupsi, kawasan Gunung Galunggung  merupakan  salah satu kawasan yang  menjadi arena  besar pertarungan kepentingan antara pemerintah, masyarakat dan swasta. Objek pasir yang berlimpah menjadikan pertambangan skala besar hadir dan berimplikasi secara esensial terhadap kehidupan masyarakat lokal yang tidak  hanya  berada  dekat  dengan  kawasan  pertambangan,  namun  juga  berada  jauh  dengan  lokasi pertambangan. Terlebih diketahui bahwa ideologi masyarakat yang menekankan pada kesejahteraan dan populisme, berbanding terbalik dengan ideologi swasta dan pemerintah yang menekankan pada profit dan pembangunan.  Dampak  negatif  dan  positif  aktivitas  pertambangan  mulai  secara  nyata  dirasakan  oleh masyarakat, diantaranya seperti degradasi kualitas air, tingkat pendapatan atau konflik yang secara krusial merepresentasikan  respons  masyarakat  terhadap  keberadaan perusahaan pertambangan  pasir  yang  telah hampir tiga puluh tahun mengeruk kawasan ini.  
Kata  kunci:  Analisis  aktor,  analisis  dampak, pemanfaatan  sumber  daya  alam,  persepsi  masyarakat, pertambangan pasir
PELUANG USAHA SERTA KERJA AKIBAT KEHADIRAN WISATAWAN PADA KOMUNITAS TUGU
Authors: Amalia Melly , Sumarti Titik
Published: December 2016

Kehadiran wisatawan Arab di Tugu adalah untuk mengisi waktu luang mereka. Tanpa disadari, kehadiran
wisatawan Arab dalam masyarakat Tugu memiliki dampak pada peluang bisnis dan peluang kerja di masyarakat pedesaan. Kondisi ini menimbulkan pertanyaan penelitian, seperti 1) bagaimana kehadiran wisatawan Arab di Tugu Desa, 2) apa perubahan dalam aktivitas mata pencaharian ke commnity Tugu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi peluang bisnis dan peluang kerja di masyarakat pedesaan, karena kehadiran turis Arab, seiring dengan perkembangan industri pariwisata. Responden terdiri dari aparat desa, tokoh masyarakat dan anggota masyarakat Tugu. Data dikumpulkan dengan melakukan wawancara mendalam dan observasi. Lokasi penelitian di Desa Tugu Cisarua sub, Kabupaten Bogor - Jawa Barat. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif. Pada akhirnya, Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kehadiran Arab Tourist memberikan peluang usaha dan lapangan kerja, mengakibatkan perubahan tingkat ekonomi di masyarakat.
Kata kunci: dampak ekonomi, peluang bisnis, peluang kerja, wisata
PENGARUH PEMBANGUNAN MAMMINASATA TERHADAP PERUBAHAN SOSIAL EKONOMI DAN EKOLOGI PADA MASYARAKAT LOKAL
Authors: Anggun Widiatri Rimarty , Dharmawan Arya Hadi
Published: December 2016

Skema perencanaan pembangunan untuk mengejar pertumbuhan ekonomi dengan pembangunan perkotaan seperti kota Mamminasata jelas mempengaruhi perubahan sosial dalam masyarakat setempat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan dan menganalisis dampak pembangunan Mamminasata menjadi sosio-ekonomi, sosio-budaya dan sosio-ekologis pada masyarakat setempat. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yang didukung oleh pendekatan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) konversi lahan dan transaksi lain dan komposisi dalam mengambil hunian di perkotaan dengan masyarakat lokal Samata dan Borongraukang memiliki peningkatan masing-masing. (2) Masyarakat lokal dari Samata lebih dipengaruhi oleh keberadaan penduduk perkotaan lebih dari Borongraukang, yang bisa membawa deklinasi kolektivitas antara masyarakat setempat. (3) Perubahan Sosial ekologi akibat dari konversi lahan, gangguan penyaluran air irigasi dan proses kering gabah (padi) adalah bentuk keterasingan terhadap masyarakat setempat (4) Ketergantungan pada sisi lain telah menyebabkan negara keterbelakangan dalam perbedaan sosial, munculnya komunitas individu (Gesselschaft), difusi lembaga perkotaan dan ketergantungan akses permodalan di daerah perkotaan.
Kata kunci: mamminasata, masyarakat setempat, ketergantungan, pembangunan, perubahan sosial, reproduksi ketergantungan
PENGARUH IKLIM KOMUNIKASI ORGANISASI TERHADAP KINERJA APARATUR DI PEMERINTAHAN DESA
Authors: Fauzi Ahmad , Sarwoprasodjo Sarwititi
Published: December 2016

Permintaan terhadap pelayanan umum guna memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat saat ini semakin menjadi isu
yang semakin berkembang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis iklim komunikasi organisasi, menganalisis praktik penerapan tata kelola pemerintahan yang baik, kinerja aparatur, dan  menganalisis
pengaruh iklim komunikasi terhadap kinerja aparatur di lingkungan Pemerintahan Desa Situ Udik. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan didukung oleh pendekatan kualitatif untuk 69 responden melalui metode penelitian sensus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Iklim
komunikasi organisasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja aparatur, terutama pada variabel kepercayaan, pembuatan keputusan bersama, keterbukaan dalam komunikasi ke bawah, mendengarkan dalam komunikasi ke atas. Aspek penerapan tata kelola pemerintahan yang baik berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja aparatur pada seluruh variabel (keterbukaan, tanggung jawab, dan hukum). Berdasarkan hasil uji analisis regresi statisti, nilai alpha < 0.05 yang menunjukkan bahwa iklim komunikasi organisasi berpengaruh 33.8 persen terhadap kinerja aparatur dan praktik peneraan tata kelola yang baik berpengaruh 16.9 persen terhadap kinerja aparatur
Kata kunci : iklim komunikasi, tata kelola yang baik, kinerja aparatur
HUBUNGAN GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN LURAH DENGAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN KELURAHAN (Studi di Kelurahan Lenteng Agung, Jakarta Selatan)
Authors: Olivianti Bebby , M. Kolopaking Lala
Published: December 2016

Gaya kepemimpinan direktif dan konsultatif diterapkan oleh kepala desa dan disesuaikan untuk
permasalahan. Tipe direktif digunakan ketika melimpahkan tugas kepada petugas desa. Tipe konsultatif digunakan dalam mengarahkan pekerja ketika memberikan pelayanan publik. Tujuan penelitianini adalah menganalisis hubungan antara tipe kepemimpinan kepada desa dengan kualitas pelayanan publik. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah accidental sampling dengan total responden sebanyak 60 orang. Pengolahan data menggunakan uji korelasi rank-spearman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gaya kepemimpinan konsultatif dapat meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan masyarakat. Hal ini dibuktikan  sebesar 80 persen responden menyatakan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara gaya kepemimpinan konsultatif dengan kualitas pelayanan publik.
Kata kunci : gaya kepemimpinan, kualitas pelayanan publik
PERTAMBANGAN DAN KEMISKINAN STRUKTURAL MASYARAKAT PULAU KECIL (Studi Kasus Masyarakat Desa Sarakaman, Pulau Sebuku, Kotabaru, Kalimantan Selatan)
Authors: Hakim Lukman , A. Kinseng Rilus
Published: December 2016

This research was conducted in the village of Sarakaman, District of Sebuku Island, Kotabaru, South Kalimantan. There are two mining industry corporations in Sebuku Island. They are PT Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku (PT BCS) and PT Sebuku Iron Lateritic Ores (PT SILO). PT BCS was established since 1997 and PT SILO was established 2004. In 2010 PT BCS and PT SILO expand the exploitation area in Sarakaman. Sarakaman community was the subject of this research. The purpose of this research were: (1) To analyze the process of mining industrialization in Sebuku Island and (2) To analyze the dynamics of the community poverty as the impact of mining industrialization in Sebuku Island. The data were collected through participant observation, indepth interviews, focus group discussions, the study of literature/documents and participation in community activities. This research concluded: (1) permits of mining industry corporations given by local government without local communities agreement, (2) compensation of land acquisition and residential communities conducted by mining industry corporations was fairly large, but not comparable to the community socio-economic sustainability, (3) Acquisition of land and residential communities by mining industry corporations reduce the accessibility of resources agrarian society, (4) in limited of agrarian resource access, the community survive with their livelihood strategies, (5) environmental damage as the effect of the mining industry activities make difficult the activity and subsistence of communities.
Key words: accessibility, islet community, mining industrialization, structural poverty
INDUSTRIALISASI PERTAMBANGAN DAN DEAGRARIANISASI MASYARAKAT DESA (Studi Kasus Masyarakat Desa Embalut dan Desa Bangunrejo, Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang, Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara, Kalimantan Timur)
Authors: Gandi Rajib , Sunito Satyawan
Published: December 2016

East Kalimantan province has issued a mining license (IUP) reached 1,192 pieces, until August 2014. Kutai Kartanegara is a county that issued the largest IUP is 407 companies, which 218 companies have been involved in the production, while the remaining 189 are still in the exploratory stage. Embalut village and village Bangunrejo which become part of the administration Tenggarong Seberang Sub-District, Kutai Kartanegara, is a village that has more than 30 years was associated with the mining industry, PT. Kitadin. The results showed that: (1) the mining industrialization has changed the structure of land in the village Embalut and village  Bangunrejo where land holdings in both villages have concentrated on coal mining companies. (2) mining Industrialization increasingly encourage people to work or livelihood in outside agriculture (deagrarianization). This study used qualitative methods, with in-depth interview techniques, group discussions, observation, and study of literature / documents.
Keywords: Industrialization Mining, deagrarianization, land tenure
PENGARUH PENGEMBANGAN PERKEBUNAN RAKYAT TERHADAP KEBERDAYAAN DAN INVESTASI MASYARAKAT DESA HUTAN
Authors: Sari Silaban Dheva , . Saharudin
Published: December 2016

Community Plantation (not incorporated) are plantations held or managed by planters for small businesses grouped in smallholder tree crops and plantation household business people. In its management, smallholder plantations can affect the level of empowerment and investment communities working on forest villages. The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of government in encouraging or influencing the empowerment of farmers to invest in plantations. The approach used to analyze the effect is the quantitative approach with survey method that is supported by the relevant qualitative data. The results showed the level of government’s role does not affect the level of empowerment of forest villagers. However, the level of the role of government affect the rate of integration of commodity farm forest villagers. At the level of investment, the implementation of people’s plantation management does not affect the level of community investment significantly.
Keywords: role of governments,forest villagers, integration
PERLAWANAN TERSAMAR ORGANISASI PETANI: SINERGI ANTARA KEPENTINGAN PEMBANGUNAN DAN ABSTRACT KEPENTINGAN GERAKAN SOSIAL
Authors: Purwandari Heru , Kolopaking Lala M , Tonny Fredian
Published: December 2016

This study goal is understanding people movement development that articulated through organization construction. Farmer as social entity faced with structural pressure that obstruct the social transformation movement. According to the facing problems, these are natural when approach that developed by farmer organization is the community development strategy. Production center oriented for the latest 30 years have become the development ideology. Critic toward this paradigm as described above brought in to the community development (CD) approach. Unfortunately CD produce dependence with the elite structure and program, elite domination and effort to integrating farmer to high capital condition. Besides that problem, CD preserve community stability and disappear social change and social movement. Looking to this fact, farmer organization that prepared as case study develop a new paradigm for the community development which more intense to the people center development. This effort can be held with self govern building and farmer authority. Practically; choosing paradigm for people center development strategy. Differentiation between early CD with the CD as the strategy that will be directed to the people center development lie on the result. CD as the strategy is not resulting dependence otherwise achieving access and control to the resources.
Those explanation above really want to describe that farmer achieving specific ways to reach organization goals. Paradigm resistance have been doing with the hidden tactic. Concept that founded in this research is disguised resistance. Disguised resistance indicated hidden strategy that used to reach organization agenda. Disguised resistance is the alliance model between maintaining social existence and the effort to the social deconstruction. Resistance have been doing bellow the government development propaganda and doing the redefinition to those propaganda in to the paradigm ways more oriented to the people center oriented.
Keywords: Disguised Resistance, Farmer Organization, Farmer Self Govern, Farmer Authority
DAMPAK REMITAN EKONOMI TERHADAP POSISI SOSIAL BURUH MIGRAN PEREMPUAN DALAM RUMAH TANGGA
Authors: Asih Sulistiyo Putri , Sri Wahyuni Ekawati
Published: December 2016

The objectives of this study are to analyse the push-pull factor of international migration and the
impact of economic re mittance s t o migrant  women’ s soc i al  posit i on  i n t he house hol d. Background of  i ts research is feminization of international migrant into line with the phenomenon of economic globalization. The magnitude economic remittances generate by the women migrants pre sumabl y wi ll  aff ect  women’ s social position in the houshold.  
Culturally, women in this areas do not have a strong decision making power relative to the men in the household. The women migrant working abroad was mainly driven bThe women migrant working abroad was mainly driven b proverty. The return women migrant are likely to have stroger decision making power in the household be case of their major contribution in the household economy.  
 Keywords: woman migrant, social position, household.
DAMPAK REFORMA AGRARIA DARI BAWAH TERHADAP KESEJAHTERAAN MASYARAKAT DI DESA GARONGAN DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Sokoastri Valentina , Soetarto Endriatmo
Published: December 2016

Agrarian reform by leverage or commonly known as landreform by leverage is a peasant movements which
is organized by peasant initiative to defend their land. This movement could be associated with social welfare and negative excess like criminalization that frequently take place in Garongan village. There, most people involved in conflict because of their persistence to keep their land. There is a strong relationship between agrarian reform by leverage and peasant welfare. Land which is frequently referred as crucial donation of life has a vital value for human survival. The function of land is not only considered as human nee ds but  al so as i dent it y t hat  al ways  t ri ggers  any c onfl i ct  nowadays . So, it ’s not  st range if  thi s condi ti on causes any negative impacts of criminalization including psychological, physical or both psychological and physical effects for those who involved. At the end of this description, farmers who have been sovereign from agriculture will be interferred by iron sand mining company which is supported by feudal forces and private corporations. This research examine more deeply about the relationship between agrarian reform by leverage and social welfare, the impact of agrarian reform by leverage to the criminalization and the differences of level of social welfare before and after agrarian reform in Garongan village.
Keywords: agrarian reform by leverage, criminalization, social welfare.
A NEW HYBRID FUZZY CYBERNETIC ANALYTIC NETWORK PROCESS MODEL TO IDENTIFY SHARED RISKS IN PPP PROJECTS
Authors: VALIPOUR Alireza , YAHAYA Nordin , NOOR Norhazilan MD , MARDANI Abbas , ANTUCHEVIČIENĖ Jurgita
Published: December 2016

A proper risk management strategy is essential in property management. For controlling and reducing risks on Public-Private Partnership (PPP) project, risk allocation is a major component of PPP risk management. Identifying appropriate shared risks and optimal risk allocation in a structured way is a complex process. The aim of this study is to develop a quantitative approach for equitable risk allocation with attention to identifying dependencies between risk allocation criteria and barriers. The paper presents an approach in the form of a hybrid Fuzzy method and Cybernetic Analytic Network Process (CANP) model for identifying shared risks. The approach involves the use of Fuzzy sets to convert linguistic principles and experiential expert knowledge into systematic quantitative analysis and the CANP to solve the problem of dependency and feedback between criteria and barriers as well as selection of shared risks. A case study is presented to demonstrate the use of the model in selecting shared risks. The study involves development of 10 criteria and 8 barriers. Finally, of 40 significant risks, 14 risks are successfully allocated between the public and private sector in Iranian PPP projects.
ACTUAL CHANGES IN SYSTEM OF URBAN PLANNING IN POST-SOCIALIST CITY: THE CASE OF PRAGUE
Authors: Landa Filip
Published: December 2016

After the change of political system in Czechoslovakia (1989) came also a lot of social, economical and cultural changes. Today, all the Czech cities stay in front of the biggest change of city planning philosophy in last two decades. Prague, the capital city of Czech Republic, decided for a big institutional transition in 2012. The municipality, in cooperation with Faculty of Architecture CTU in Prague, is preparing completely pioneering methodology for quality commissioning of land use plans and, in cooperation with the new Institute of Planning and Development, is preparing innovative system of city planning. There are new ordinances, laws, regulations, tourist trade strategies and many other documents. Prague, as one of the strongest regions in East-Central Europe, can be seen like a laboratory of current development of post-socialist city. The new methodology of Metropolitan Plan could be a key to success.
NEAR-INFRARED IMAGING POLARIMETRY OF INNER REGION OF GG TAU A DISK
Authors: Yang Yi , Hashimoto Jun , Hayashi Saeko S. , Tamura Motohide , Mayama Satoshi , Rafikov Roman , Akiyama Eiji , Carson Joseph C. , Janson Markus , Kwon Jungmi , de Leon Jerome , Oh Daehyeon , Takami Michihiro , Tang Ya-wen , Kudo Tomoyuki , Kusakabe Nobuhiko , Abe Lyu , Brandner Wolfgang , Brandt Timothy D. , Egner Sebastian , Feldt Markus , Goto Miwa , Grady Carol A. , Guyon Olivier , Hayano Yutaka , Hayashi Masahiko , Henning Thomas , Hodapp Klaus W. , Ishii Miki , Iye Masanori , Kandori Ryo , Knapp Gillian R. , Kuzuhara Masayuki , Matsuo Taro , Mcelwain Michael W. , Miyama Shoken , Morino Jun-Ichi , Moro-martin Amaya , Nishimura Tetsuo , Pyo Tae-Soo , Serabyn Eugene , Suenaga Takuya , Suto Hiroshi , Suzuki Ryuji , Takahashi Yasuhiro H. , Takato Naruhisa , Terada Hiroshi , Thalmann Christian , Turner Edwin L. , Watanabe Makoto , Wisniewski John , Yamada Toru , Takami Hideki , Usuda Tomonori
Published: December 2016

By performing non-masked polarization imaging with Subaru/HiCIAO, polarized scattered light from the inner region of the disk around the GG Tau A system was successfully detected in the H band, with a spatial resolution of approximately 0.″07, revealing the complicated inner disk structures around this young binary. This paper reports the observation of an arc-like structure to the north of GG Tau Ab, and part of a circumstellar structure that is noticeable around GG Tau Aa, extending to a distance of approximately 28 au from the primary star. The speckle noise around GG Tau Ab constrains its disk radius to

au. Based on the size of the circumbinary ring and the circumstellar disk around GG Tau Aa, the semimajor axis of the binary’s orbit is likely to be 62 au. A comparison of the present observations with previous Atacama Large Millimeter Array and near-infrared H2 emission observations suggests that the north arc could be part of a large streamer flowing from the circumbinary ring to sustain the circumstellar disks. According to the previous studies, the circumstellar disk around GG Tau Aa has enough mass and can sustain itself for a duration sufficient for planet formation; thus, our study indicates that planets can form within close (separation ≲ 100 au) young binary systems.
MODELING THE GAMMA-RAY EMISSION IN THE GALACTIC CENTER WITH A FADING COSMIC-RAY ACCELERATOR
Authors: Liu Ruo-Yu , Wang Xiang-Yu , Prosekin Anton , Chang Xiao-Chuan
Published: December 2016

Recent HESS observations of the ∼200 pc scale diffuse gamma-ray emission from the central molecular zone (CMZ) suggest the presence of a PeV cosmic-ray accelerator (PeVatron) located in the inner 10 pc region of the Galactic center. Interestingly, the gamma-ray spectrum of the point-like source (HESS J1745-290) in the Galactic center shows a cutoff at ∼10 TeV, implying a cutoff around 100 TeV in the cosmic-ray proton spectrum. Here we propose that the gamma-ray emission from the inner and the outer regions may be explained self-consistently by run-away protons from a single yet fading accelerator. In this model, gamma-rays from the CMZ region are produced by protons injected in the past, while gamma-rays from the inner region are produced by protons injected more recently. We suggest that the blast wave formed in a tidal disruption event (TDE) caused by the supermassive black hole (Sgr A*) could serve as such a fading accelerator. With typical parameters of the TDE blast wave, gamma-ray spectra of both the CMZ region and HESS J1745-290 can be reproduced simultaneously. Meanwhile, we find that the cosmic-ray energy density profile in the CMZ region may also be reproduced in the fading accelerator model when appropriate combinations of the particle injection history and the diffusion coefficient of cosmic rays are adopted.
A HIGH-RESOLUTION VACUUM ULTRAVIOLET LASER PHOTOIONIZATION AND PHOTOELECTRON STUDY OF THE CO ATOM
Authors: Huang Huang , Wang Hailing , Luo Zhihong , Shi Xiaoyu , Chang Yih-Chung , Ng C. Y.
Published: December 2016

We have measured the vacuum ultraviolet–photoionization efficiency (VUV–PIE) spectrum of Co in the energy range of 63,500–67,000 cm−1, which covers the photoionization transitions of Co(3d74s2 4F9/2)

Co+(3d8 3F4), Co(3d74s2 4F7/2)

Co+(3d8 3F3), Co(3d74s2 4F9/2)

Co+(3d8 3F3), Co(3d74s2 4F9/2)

Co+(3d8 3F2), and Co(3d74s2 4F9/2)

Co+(3d74s1 5F5). We have also recorded the pulsed field ionization photoelectron spectrum of Co in the same energy range, allowing accurate determinations of ionization energies (IEs) for the photoionization transitions from the Co(3d74s2 4F9/2) ground neutral state to the Co+(3F
J
) (J = 4 and 3) and Co+(5F5) ionic states, as well as from the Co(3d74s2 4F7/2) excited neural state to the Co+(3d8 3F3) ionic state. The high-resolution nature of the VUV laser used has allowed the observation of many well-resolved autoionizing resonances in the VUV–PIE spectrum, among which an autoionizing Rydberg series, 3d74s1(5F5)np (n = 19–38), converging to the Co+(3d74s1 5F5) ionic state from the Co(3d74s2 4F9/2) ground neutral state is identified. The fact that no discernible step-like structures are present at these ionization thresholds in the VUV–PIE spectrum indicates that direct photoionization of Co is minor compared to autoionization in this energy range. The IE values, the autoionizing Rydberg series, and the photoionization cross sections obtained in this experiment are valuable for understanding the VUV opacity and abundance measurement of the Co atom in stars and solar atmospheres, as well as for benchmarking the theoretical results calculated in the Opacity Project and the IRON Project, and thus are of relevance to astrophysics.
LARGE-SCALE FILAMENTARY STRUCTURES AROUND THE VIRGO CLUSTER REVISITED
Authors: Kim Suk , Rey Soo-Chang , Bureau Martin , Yoon Hyein , Chung Aeree , Jerjen Helmut , Lisker Thorsten , Jeong Hyunjin , Sung Eon-Chang , Lee Youngdae , Lee Woong , Chung Jiwon
Published: December 2016

We revisit the filamentary structures of galaxies around the Virgo cluster, exploiting a larger data set, based on the HyperLeda database, than previous studies. In particular, this includes a large number of low-luminosity galaxies, resulting in better sampled individual structures. We confirm seven known structures in the distance range 4 h
−1 Mpc < SGY < 16 h
−1 Mpc, now identified as filaments, where SGY is the axis of the supergalactic coordinate system roughly along the line of sight. The Hubble diagram of the filament galaxies suggests they are infalling toward the main body of the Virgo cluster. We propose that the collinear distribution of giant elliptical galaxies along the fundamental axis of the Virgo cluster is smoothly connected to two of these filaments (Leo II A and B). Behind the Virgo cluster (16 h
−1 Mpc < SGY < 27 h
−1 Mpc), we also identify a new filament elongated toward the NGC 5353/4 group (“NGC 5353/4 filament”) and confirm a sheet that includes galaxies from the W and M clouds of the Virgo cluster (“W–M sheet”). In the Hubble diagram, the NGC 5353/4 filament galaxies show infall toward the NGC 5353/4 group, whereas the W–M sheet galaxies do not show hints of gravitational influence from the Virgo cluster. The filamentary structures identified can now be used to better understand the generic role of filaments in the build-up of galaxy clusters at z ≈ 0.
THE EFFECT OF ELECTRON THERMAL PRESSURE ON THE OBSERVED MAGNETIC HELICITY IN THE SOLAR WIND
Authors: Markovskii S. A. , Vasquez Bernard J. , Smith Charles W.
Published: December 2016

Statistical analysis of magnetic helicity spectra in the solar wind at 1 au is carried out. A large database of the solar wind intervals assembled from Wind spacecraft magnetic and plasma data is used. The effect of the electron thermal pressure on the wavenumber position of the helicity signature, i.e., the peak of the spectrum, is studied. The position shows a statistically significant dependence on both the electron and proton pressures. However, the strongest dependence is seen when the two pressures are summed. These findings confirm that the generation of the magnetic helicity is associated with an increasing compressibility of the turbulent fluctuations at smaller kinetic scales. It is argued that instrumental artifacts do not contribute to the helicity signature.
TURBULENT DYNAMO IN A CONDUCTING FLUID AND A PARTIALLY IONIZED GAS
Authors: Xu Siyao , Lazarian A.
Published: December 2016

By following the Kazantsev theory and taking into account both microscopic and turbulent diffusion of magnetic fields, we develop a unified treatment of the kinematic and nonlinear stages of a turbulent dynamo process, and we study the dynamo process for a full range of magnetic Prandtl number P

m
and ionization fractions. We find a striking similarity between the dependence of dynamo behavior on P

m
in a conducting fluid and

(a function of ionization fraction) in a partially ionized gas. In a weakly ionized medium, the kinematic stage is largely extended, including not only exponential growth but a new regime of dynamo characterized by a linear-in-time growth of magnetic field strength, and the resulting magnetic energy is much higher than the kinetic energy carried by viscous-scale eddies. Unlike the kinematic stage, the subsequent nonlinear stage is unaffected by microscopic diffusion processes and has a universal linear-in-time growth of magnetic energy with the growth rate as a constant fraction 3/38 of the turbulent energy transfer rate, showing good agreement with earlier numerical results. Applying the analysis to the first stars and galaxies, we find that the kinematic stage is able to generate a field strength only an order of magnitude smaller than the final saturation value. But the generation of large-scale magnetic fields can only be accounted for by the relatively inefficient nonlinear stage and requires longer time than the free-fall time. It suggests that magnetic fields may not have played a dynamically important role during the formation of the first stars.
THE 2012 JULY 23 BACKSIDE ERUPTION: AN EXTREME ENERGETIC PARTICLE EVENT?
Authors: Gopalswamy N. , Yashiro S. , Thakur N. , Mäkelä P. , Xie H. , Akiyama S.
Published: December 2016

The backside coronal mass ejection (CME) of 2012 July 23 had a short Sun-to-Earth shock transit time (18.5 hr). The associated solar energetic particle (SEP) event had a >10 MeV proton flux peaking at ∼5000 pfu, and the energetic storm particle event was an order of magnitude larger, making it the most intense event in the space era at these energies. By a detailed analysis of the CME, shock, and SEP characteristics, we find that the July 23 event is consistent with a high-energy SEP event (accelerating particles to gigaelectronvolt energies). The times of maximum and fluence spectra in the range 10–100 MeV were very hard, similar to those of ground-level enhancement (GLE) events. We found a hierarchical relationship between the CME initial speeds and the fluence spectral indices: CMEs with low initial speeds had SEP events with the softest spectra, while those with the highest initial speeds had SEP events with the hardest spectra. CMEs attaining intermediate speeds result in moderately hard spectra. The July 23 event was in the group of hard-spectrum events. During the July 23 event, the shock speed (>2000 km s−1), the initial acceleration (∼1.70 km s−2), and the shock-formation height (∼1.5 solar radii) were all typical of GLE events. The associated type II burst had emission components from meter to kilometer wavelengths, suggesting a strong shock. These observations confirm that the 2012 July 23 event is likely to be an extreme event in terms of the energetic particles it accelerated.
ALMA OBSERVATIONS OF ORION SOURCE I AT 350 AND 660 GHz
Authors: Plambeck R. L. , Wright M. C. H.
Published: December 2016

Orion Source I (“SrcI”) is the protostar at the center of the Kleinmann-Low Nebula. ALMA observations of SrcI with 0.″2 angular resolution were made at 350 and 660 GHz to search for the H26α and H21α hydrogen recombination lines and to measure the continuum flux densities. The recombination lines were not detected, ruling out the possibility that SrcI is a hypercompact H ii region. The deconvolved size of the continuum source is approximately 0.″23 × 0.″07 (∼100 × 30 au); it is interpreted as a disk viewed almost edge-on. Optically thick thermal emission from ∼500 K dust is the most plausible source of the continuum, even at frequencies as low as 43 GHz; the disk mass is most likely in the range 0.02–0.2 

. A rich spectrum of molecular lines is detected, mostly from sulfur- and silicon-rich molecules like SO, SO2, and SiS, but also including vibrationally excited CO and several unidentified transitions. Lines with upper energy levels

K appear in emission and are symmetric about the source’s LSR velocity of 5 

, while lines with

K appear as blueshifted absorption features against the continuum, indicating that they originate in outflowing gas. The emission lines exhibit a velocity gradient along the major axis of the disk that is consistent with rotation around a 5–7

central object. The relatively low mass of SrcI and the existence of a 100 au disk around it are difficult to reconcile with the model in which SrcI and the nearby Becklin–Neugebauer Object were ejected from a multiple system 500 years ago.
ARCADE IMPLOSION CAUSED BY A FILAMENT ERUPTION IN A FLARE
Authors: Wang Juntao , Simões P. J. A. , Fletcher L. , Thalmann J. K. , Hudson H. S. , Hannah I. G.
Published: December 2016

Coronal implosions—the convergence motion of plasmas and entrained magnetic field in the corona due to a reduction in magnetic pressure—can help to locate and track sites of magnetic energy release or redistribution during solar flares and eruptions. We report here on the analysis of a well-observed implosion in the form of an arcade contraction associated with a filament eruption, during the C3.5 flare SOL2013-06-19T07:29. A sequence of events including the magnetic flux-rope instability and distortion, followed by a filament eruption and arcade implosion, lead us to conclude that the implosion arises from the transfer of magnetic energy from beneath the arcade as part of the global magnetic instability, rather than due to local magnetic energy dissipation in the flare. The observed net contraction of the imploding loops, which is found also in nonlinear force-free field extrapolations, reflects a permanent reduction of magnetic energy underneath the arcade. This event shows that, in addition to resulting in the expansion or eruption of an overlying field, flux-rope instability can also simultaneously implode an unopened field due to magnetic energy transfer. It demonstrates the “partial opening of the field” scenario, which is one of the ways in 3D to produce a magnetic eruption without violating the Aly–Sturrock hypothesis. In the framework of this observation, we also propose a unification of three main concepts for active region magnetic evolution, namely the metastable eruption model, the implosion conjecture, and the standard “CSHKP” flare model.
La Influencia del polvo de los gases de escape en las fábricas de cemento sobre el estado de salud del ganado vacuno – Bonn (Alemania)
Authors: Schürmann E.
Published: December 2016

Not available
Aplicación de las resinas epoxi para revestimientos y juntas de hormigón, en los Estados Unidos
Authors: Walz Kurt
Published: December 2016

Not available
Aceros sinterizados al Mo con gradiente funcional
Authors: Cisneros-Belmonte Manuel , Ruiz-Román José M. , García-Cambronero Luis E.
Published: December 2016

Los materiales con gradiente funcional (FGM), los multimateriales, tratan de satisfacer los numerosos requerimientos demandados a las piezas con una combinación determinada de composiciones y microestructuras. La compatibilidad necesaria entre materiales condiciona el proceso de fabricación y el logro de una interfase, no siempre difusa. La metalurgia de polvos es una de las técnicas empleadas en la fabricación de materiales con gradiente funcional y, en concreto la compactación en matriz una de las posibles técnicas de conformado de estos materiales. En el presente trabajo se propone un proceso de conformado de un acero con gradiente funcional que varía su composición entre un acero con alto contenido en molibdeno y cobre y otro acero con cobre, sin molibdeno, con el objeto de concentrar este elemento en la superficie de la pieza, incrementando las propiedades mecánicas. El estudio se completa con la evaluación de propiedades físicas (densidad y distribución de porosidad), propiedades mecánicas (dureza, resistencia a tracción y alargamiento) y análisis microestructural mediante microscopía óptica y electrónica de barrido.
Voorwoord
Authors: Dreyer Wim A.
Published: December 2016

No abstract available.
Kerkwees: Verleentheid of geleentheid?
Authors: Dreyer Wim A.
Published: December 2016

No abstract available.
Historiese perspektief op kerkwees
Authors: Dreyer Wim A.
Published: December 2016

No abstract available
Empiriese perspektief op kerkwees
Authors: Dreyer Wim A.
Published: December 2016

No abstract available
Topology of Certain Quotient Spaces of Stiefel Manifolds
Authors: Basu Samik , Subhash B.
Published: December 2016

We compute the cohomology of the right generalised projective Stiefel manifolds. Following this, we discuss some easy applications of the computations to the ranks of complementary bundles and bounds on the span and immersibility.
A Study on the Geometry of Pairs of Positive Linear Forms, Algebraic Transition Probability and Geometrical Phase over Non-Commutative Operator Algebras (II)
Authors: Alberti Peter M.
Published: December 2016

The results of the first part [1] will be used to discuss and to investigate some extensions of geometrical notions, which recently have been found to be of interest in Mathematical Physics in context of the problems of the so-called geometrical phase. The concepts of the global phase, the phase group and holonomy group of a normal state of a

vN

-algebra will be introduced and discussed.
A Note on the Existence and Uniqueness of Holder Solutions of Nonlinear Singular Integral Equations
Authors: Appell Jürgen , Carbone Antonio , Zabrejko Petr P.
Published: December 2016

The purpose of this note is to apply a generalized Kantorovich majorization principle to existence and uniqueness results for Hölder solutions of nonlinear singular integral equations. In contrast to the classical Kantorovich priziciple, we do notrequire differentiability, but only a local Lipschitz condition.
Sea ice led to poleward-shifted winds at the Last Glacial Maximum: the influence of state dependency on CMIP5 and PMIP3 models
Authors: Sime Louise C. , Hodgson Dominic , Bracegirdle Thomas J. , Allen Claire , Perren Bianca , Roberts Stephen , de Boer Agatha M.
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Latitudinal shifts in the Southern Ocean westerly wind jet could drive changes in the glacial to interglacial ocean CO2 inventory. However, whilst CMIP5 model results feature consistent future-warming jet shifts, there is considerable disagreement in deglacial-warming jet shifts. We find here that the dependence of pre-industrial (PI) to Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) jet shifts on PI jet position, or state dependency, explains less of the shifts in jet simulated by the models for the LGM compared with future-warming scenarios. State dependence is also weaker for intensity changes, compared to latitudinal shifts in the jet. Winter sea ice was considerably more extensive during the LGM. Changes in surface heat fluxes, due to this sea ice change, probably had a large impact on the jet. Models that both simulate realistically large expansions in sea ice and feature PI jets which are south of 50° S show an increase in wind speed around 55° S and can show a poleward shift in the jet between the PI and the LGM. However, models with the PI jet positioned equatorwards of around 47° S do not show this response: the sea ice edge is too far from the jet for it to respond. In models with accurately positioned PI jets, a +1° difference in the latitude of the sea ice edge tends to be associated with a −0.85° shift in the 850 hPa jet. However, it seems that around 5° of expansion of LGM sea ice is necessary to hold the jet in its PI position. Since the Gersonde et al. (2005) data support an expansion of more than 5°, this result suggests that a slight poleward shift and intensification was the most likely jet change between the PI and the LGM. Without the effect of sea ice, models simulate poleward-shifted westerlies in warming climates and equatorward-shifted westerlies in colder climates. However, the feedback of sea ice counters and reverses the equatorward trend in cooler climates so that the LGM winds were more likely to have also been shifted slightly poleward.
La presencia femenina entre los inmigrantes portugueses en Lima en el siglo XVII
Authors: Sullón Barreto Gleydi
Published: December 2016

El paso de mujeres a las Indias estuvo reglamentado por la ley, que amparaba especialmente la emigración de los hombres casados acompañados por sus respectivos cónyuges. No obstante, la documentación revela la presencia de mujeres solteras y viudas que habrían viajado solas o en compañía de otros parientes. Este trabajo se centra en el perfil de la mujer portuguesa -o de ascendencia portuguesa- que se halló en Lima en el siglo XVII. Fueron pocas en relación con el número de los varones, sin embargo su presencia como cónyuges, hijas, sobrinas o paisanas se hizo sentir en los planos económico y social de la capital virreinal, y algunas -especialmente las hijas habidas en el Perú- habrían facilitado los procesos de integración e inserción de toda una familia en la sociedad limeña. Las fuentes documentales proceden principalmente de la sección notarial del Archivo General de la Nación en Lima (AGN).