bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The flow past two cylinders having different diameters
Authors: Baxendale A. J. , Grant I. , Barnes F. H.
Published: March 2023

This paper describes the results of an investigation of the flow over two cylinders in which the diameter of the upstream cylinder is half that of the downstream cylinder. Measurements were made of the surface pressure distribution around the downstream cylinder, and of the base pressures and Strouhal numbers of the two cylinders for separations between 1·32 D and 3·88 D, where D is the diameter of the downstream cylinder, and for angles of stagger between 0° and 45°.

With the cylinders in tandem two different flows were found, and it is suggested that there is a step change between the flows at a critical separation.

The behaviour of the measured quantities with a change of the angle of stagger is found, in general, to depend on whether the separation is less or greater than the critical separation. For each separation an angle of stagger is found at which the pressure distribution has a strong asymmetry over the rear of die cylinder. These pressure distributions are similar to each other, and they indicate the presence of an enhanced flow over the upper half of the cylinder. Also the lift force, for a given separation, then has its maximum value.

It is found that for separations greater than the critical separation the Strouhal numbers of the vortex shedding from the two cylinders are identical over a considerable range in the angle of stagger.
Hypersonic flow past non-slender wedges, cones and ogives in oscillation
Authors: Ghosh Kunal , Vempati M. , Das D.
Published: March 2023

Ghosh’s large-deflection hypersonic similitude and consequent plane and conico-annular piston theories have been applied to obtain unsteady pressure and the pitching moment derivatives for oscillating non-slender wedges, cones and ogives. The plane piston theory for a wedge is extended from a quasi-steady analysis, which gives the moment derivative due to pitch rate Cmq, to an unsteady analysis; the two analyses combine to give the moment derivative due to incidence rate , which is shown here to be the same for wedges and quasi-wedges. The present theory can separately give Cmq and for a quasiwedge of arbitrary shape; this principle is illustrated for a particular quasi-wedge namely the parabolic arc plane ogive. In comparison, a previous theory by Hui gave only the sum of Cmq and , only for wedges. The conico-annular piston theory is employed to obtain Cmθ, which is the moment derivative due to a steady pitch angle, and Cmq for non-slender cones and axisymmetric ogives in closed form for the first time.
Carl Meerwein’s flight attempt of 1785
Authors: Hart Clive
Published: March 2023

After I had described the flight theory and practical ornithopter of Carl Friedrich Meerwein, my attention was drawn to a relevant passage in Joachim Heinrich Campe’s Sammlung interessanter und durchgängig zweckmässig abgefasster Reisebeschreibungen für die Jugend. Translator of Robinson Crusoe, traveller, and populariser of high culture, Campe included in his improving collection of travel decriptions an account of a journey from Hamburg to Switzerland which he himself had undertaken in 1785. Having reached Giessen on his way south, he was about to press on to Frankfurt when some acquaintances urged him to stay a day or two longer to watch something curious: Carl Meerwein was about to attempt to fly.
Recent developments in store separation and grid survey techniques using the ARA Two-Sting Rig
Authors: Wood M. E.
Published: March 2023

The Two-Sting Rig system provides captive trajectory and grid survey testing in the ARA 2·74 m × 2·44 m transonic wind tunnel, on models of the order of 10% scale. The system has been in productive operation since 1979, having been used primarily in the captive trajectory mode to predict release characteristics for a wide range of stores/aircraft.

The paper describes the improvements to and developments of the system that have arisen from experiences gained during the last two years of its operational use. A brief description only is given of the general arrangement of the rig. Improvements to performance, simulation capabilities and to wind tunnel productivity are described together with current design studies for new applications.

An appraisal of the overall performance of the method against three other ground based techniques is used to illustrate its merits and defects, using results from recent Two-Sting Rig wind tunnel tests and flight.
A note on the prediction of flying boat take-off
Authors: Howe D.
Published: March 2023

It is useful to have available simple prediction formulae for preliminary design work. In the case of landplane take-off such formulae exist, being expressed only in terms of a few major parameters. The flying boat situation is more complex due to the much greater and more variable total drag. By making appropriate assumptions an equivalent formula for flying boat take-off has been derived. Comparison of typical cases of the landplane and flying boat shows that whereas the take-off distance of the former is approximately inversely proportional to thrust/weight ratio to the power of 1·35, in the case of a flying boat it is inversely proportional to the square of thrust/weight ratio.
The induced downwash and lift on a wing of high aspect ratio in unsteady motion
Authors: Wilmott P.
Published: March 2023

An unsteady lifting line theory for a general motion of a wing of high aspect ratio is presented. Our analysis parallels that of Van Dyke (1964) in his solution for the steady lifting line by the method of matched asymptotic expansions but is complicated by the shedding of transverse vortices associated with variation of circulation with time. We find expressions for the downwash due to three-dimensional (finite span) effects and the lift on the wing. Calculations are presented for a wing of elliptic planform following a curved path.
Cost effective transportation and high
technology
Authors: Swihart J. M.
Published: March 2023

This paper discusses the cost of high technology and the benefits to commercial air transport. The manufacturer's dilemma today is that whereas one could pay a 16% price premium to obtain a 10% reduction in fuel cost in the late 1970s, in 1985 that price premium has diminished to only 2½/2% to achieve a 10% fuel saving. Consequently, we must obtain the benefits of high technology at an extremely low cost.

Four areas are discussed in some depth: Aerodynamics, including the effects of computational fluid dynamics, wing design, and laminar flow. Structures, including the effects of new materials, both metallic and non-metallic, and the automated tools necessary to build the non-metallic structure. Avionics, including both fly-by-wire and fly-by-light, and the improvements due to high speed digital computers as well as flat panel flight deck displays. Propulsion systems, including the effects of high bypass ratio, high pressure ratio turbofan engines, and single and counterrotation turbopropellers. The final result is an integration of these four areas of technology into a composition transport aircraft and the resulting performance.

We all tend to think of the aviation industry as exciting high technology and eagerly look forward to the next new developments. Unfortunately, the air transport industry has just been through a most agonising depression on a worldwide basis, and their primary thoughts are, 'How can we keep those manufacturers with their new toys at bay until we can recover?' Certainly the manufacturers respect this view because we, for one, have just spent several billions to roll out three new products, and high technology has been expensive. To illustrate, if we compare the cost elements of a 727 of 1970 with one of 1980 (Fig. 1), we see the 68% increase in fuel cost (Fig. 2) that certainly drove the designs of the 757 and 767 airplanes. But if we look further at the cost element breakdown for a 1985 757, we see the large reduction in cash cost due to the high efficiency of its Rolls-Royce engine and the technology of its new wing, structures, and systems. What we often fail to perceive properly is the very large change due to the ownership cost of this high technology aircraft.
Notes on the structure of viscous and numerically-captured shocks
Authors: Pike J.
Published: March 2023

An exact expression for the flow variables through a viscous shock wave is obtained from the Navier-Stokes equations. The Prandtl number is taken to be ¾, which is close to the value for air, and the viscosity is assumed to be given by Sutherland's formula.

By considering the limit as the viscosity tends to zero, it is shown that the solution to the Euler equations has an entropy spike at the shock wave. This explains certain, hitherto considered spurious, features of shock waves captured by numerical solutions of the Euler equations.
CRITICAL NOTES ON SERVIUS’ COMMENTARY ON VIRGIL (SERV. ON AEN. 11.741; ECL. 2.58; ECL. 4.4)
Authors: Poletti Stefano
Published: March 2023

This article discusses three textual problems in Servius’ commentary on Virgil (Serv. on Aen. 11.741; Ecl. 2.58; Ecl. 4.4). In two notes a new conjecture is proposed; in one passage a transmitted reading, so far neglected by earlier editors, is supported.
White Internationalism and the League of Nations Movement in Interwar Australia
Authors: Knaap Aden
Published: March 2023

Popular support for the League of Nations spread around the world in the interwar period but it did not spread evenly. Instead, it was concentrated in white-majority countries: both in Europe and beyond in the form of settler societies around the world. This article explores the relationship between the League movement and white supremacy in one such community: Australia. Citizens in that country combined their allegiance to the League with their beliefs in white supremacy: about the need to restrict immigration through the ‘White Australia’ policy; about the rationale of them ruling over non-white peoples in the territories they held under League ‘mandate’; and about their treatment of Indigenous Australians. In short, they were ‘white internationalists’. Australia’s white internationalists were relatively few. But they reveal a global history of popular white internationalism. Interwar Australians might have been some of the most blatant white internationalists but they were far from the only ones.
The shifting Christian right discourse on religious freedom in Australia
Authors: McLeay Angus , Poulos Elenie , Richardson-Self Louise
Published: March 2023

Political debates over religious freedom in Australia became prominent in the context of marriage equality, achieved in 2017. The Australian Christian Right (ACR) has driven these debates, but there is little research focusing on its discourse of religious freedom. This article examines a range of texts from ACR actors. Using discourse and theoretical analyses, we identify three key turns in the religious freedom rhetoric of the ACR: “ontological security,” “existential stress,” and “meaning vertigo.” We also explore how mimetic ACR discourse is compared to the United States' Christian Right (USCR). As with the USCR, this research demonstrates how the ACR—suffering meaning vertigo and aiming to re-secure its previously taken-for-granted worldview—has successfully reframed the discourse of religious freedom by positioning itself as a besieged minority.
Surface Wind Speeds and Enthalpy Fluxes During Tropical Cyclone Formation From Easterly Waves: A CYGNSS View
Authors: Aiyyer Anantha , Schreck Carl
Published: March 2023

We examined the Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) retrievals of surface wind speeds and enthalpy fluxes in African easterly waves that led to the formation of 30 Atlantic tropical cyclones during 2018–2021. Lag composites show a cyclonic proto‐vortex as early as 3 days prior to tropical cyclogenesis. The enthalpy flux distribution does not vary substantially before cyclogenesis, but subsequently, there is a marked increase in the extreme upper values. In the composites, a negative radial gradient of enthalpy fluxes becomes apparent 2–3 days before cyclogenesis. These results—based on novel data blending satellite retrievals and global reanalysis—support the findings from recent studies that the spin‐up of tropical cyclones is associated with a shift of peak convection toward the vortex core and an inward increase of enthalpy fluxes.
Capillary Impact on Tidal Response of Groundwater in Unconfined Aquifers With Finite Thickness, Anisotropy and Wellbore Storage—An Analytical Model
Authors: Zhang Jiangwei , Liang Xiuyu , Wang Chi‐Yuen
Published: March 2023

This study develops a novel, two‐dimensional analytical model to study capillary effects on Earth tidal responses of groundwater in unconfined aquifers. It differs from the previous model by accounting for effects of finite aquifer thickness, anisotropy and wellbore storage. We test the present model against the previous model and numerical simulations and apply it to the field data. Several significant results are obtained: (a) At high conductivity ( m/s), the effect of capillary zones dominates tidal responses of groundwater and causes higher amplitude ratio and smaller phase shift compared with that predicted by the unconfined aquifer model without a capillary zone. At low conductivity ( m/s), the effect of capillary zones on the tidal responses diminishes. (b) The impact of the finite thickness on the tidal response is regulated by the anisotropy. If the anisotropic ratio is small (), the impact of thickness may be negligible; at high anisotropic ratio (), however, the amplitude ratio decreases and the phase shift increases, and the response differs substantially from that of the previous model, which is caused by a change in the flow pattern. (c) Wellbore storage have significant impacts on the tidal response at low conductivity ( 10−5 m/s) but negligible impact at higher conductivity. (d) The present model marginally improved the fit by the half‐space model to the field data from a well in SW China, showing that the remaining misfit to the field data by models with capillarity cannot be due to finite aquifer thickness, anisotropy, or wellbore storage.
Brain functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging of obesity and weight loss interventions
Authors: Li Guanya , Hu Yang , Zhang Wenchao , Wang Jia , Ji Weibin , Manza Peter , Volkow Nora D. , Zhang Yi , Wang Gene-Jack
Published: March 2023

Obesity has tripled over the past 40 years to become a major public health issue, as it is linked with increased mortality and elevated risk for various physical and neuropsychiatric illnesses. Accumulating evidence from neuroimaging studies suggests that obesity negatively affects brain function and structure, especially within fronto-mesolimbic circuitry. Obese individuals show abnormal neural responses to food cues, taste and smell, resting-state activity and functional connectivity, and cognitive tasks including decision-making, inhibitory-control, learning/memory, and attention. In addition, obesity is associated with altered cortical morphometry, a lowered gray/white matter volume, and impaired white matter integrity. Various interventions and treatments including bariatric surgery, the most effective treatment for obesity in clinical practice, as well as dietary, exercise, pharmacological, and neuromodulation interventions such as transcranial direct current stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation and neurofeedback have been employed and achieved promising outcomes. These interventions and treatments appear to normalize hyper- and hypoactivations of brain regions involved with reward processing, food-intake control, and cognitive function, and also promote recovery of brain structural abnormalities. This paper provides a comprehensive literature review of the recent neuroimaging advances on the underlying neural mechanisms of both obesity and interventions, in the hope of guiding development of novel and effective treatments.
Mosquito swarm counting via attention-based multi-scale convolutional neural network
Authors: Chen Huahua , Ren Junhao , Sun Wensheng , Hou Juan , Miao Ziping
Published: March 2023

Monitoring mosquito density to predict the risk of transmission of the virus and develop a response in advance is an important part of prevention efforts. This paper aims to estimate accurately the mosquito swarm count from a given image. To this end, we proposed an attention-based multi-scale mosquito swarm counting model that consists of the feature extraction network (FEN) and attention based multi-scale regression network (AMRN). The FEN uses VGG-16 network to extract low-level features of mosquitoes. The AMRN adopts a multi-scale convolutional neural network, and with a squeeze and excitation channel attention module in the branch with a 7 × 7 convolution kernel to extract high-level features, map the feature map to the mosquito swarm density map and estimate mosquitoes count. We collected and labelled a data set that includes 391 mosquito swarm images with 15,466 mosquitoes. Experiments show that our method performs well on the data set and achieves mean absolute error (MAE) of 1.810 and root mean square error (RMSE) of 3.467.
The curcumin analogue PAC has potent anti-anaplastic thyroid cancer effects
Authors: Al-Mohanna Mai , Alraouji Noura N. , Alhabardi Samiah A. , Al-Mohanna Falah , Al-Otaibi Basem , Al-Jammaz Ibrahim , Aboussekhra Abdelilah
Published: March 2023

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is the rarest type of thyroid cancer, but is the common cause of death from these tumors. The aggressive behavior of ATC makes it resistant to the conventional therapeutic approaches. Thus, the present study was designed to evaluate the anti-ATC efficacy of the piperidone analogue of curcumin (PAC). We have shown that PAC induces apoptosis in thyroid cancer cells in a time-dependent fashion through the mitochondrial pathway. Immunoblotting analysis revealed that PAC suppressed the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in ATC cells by upregulating the epithelial marker E-cadherin and reducing the level of the mesenchymal markers N-cadherin, Snail, and Twist1. This anti-EMT effect was confirmed by showing PAC-dependent inhibition of the proliferation and migration abilities of ATC cells. Furthermore, PAC inhibited the AKT/mTOR pathway in ATC cells. Indeed, PAC downregulated mTOR and its downstream effectors p70S6K and 4E-BP1 more efficiently than the well-known mTOR inhibitor rapamycin. In addition to the promising in vitro anticancer efficacy, PAC significantly suppressed the growth of humanized thyroid tumor xenografts in mice. Together, these findings indicate that PAC could be considered as promising therapeutic agent for anaplastic thyroid carcinomas.
Adaptive control for downhole nuclear magnetic resonance excitation
Authors: Shi Guanghui , Xiao Lizhi , Luo Sihui , Liao Guangzhi , Zhang Yan , Zhang Xiang , Zhong Jian , Zhu Wanli , Hou Xueli
Published: March 2023

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements are performed with the pulse sequence and acquisition parameters set by the operator, which cannot be adjusted in real time according to sample characteristics. In one acquisition cycle, usually thousands of high-power pulses are transmitted and thousands of echo points are acquired. The power consumption cause the RF amplifier to overheat, and large amounts of acquired data may be invalid. Therefore, the optimization of excitation and acquisition processes is necessary to improve measurement efficiency. We explore a scheme for the real-time measurement of the samples by adaptively regulating the pulse sequence, which adapts the variable TE pulse sequence as the reconnaissance mode. The appropriate pulse sequence and reasonable parameters (NE, TE) can be selected according to the relaxation characteristics of the samples.This adaptive control strategy has great significance in guiding both dynamic and static measurements, and it is especially suitable for occasions where low magnetic field gradients and diffusion terms can be ignored. We also design a test circuit for adaptive control, which has the function of automatic parameter adjustment. By adjusting parameters such as the number of refocusing pulses, echo spacing, etc., the effective measurement of the samples can be achieved in practice.
National and sub-national burden and trend of type 1 diabetes in 31 provinces of Iran, 1990–2019
Authors: Bandarian Fatemeh , Sharifnejad Tehrani Yeganeh , Peimani Maryam , Namazi Nazli , Saeedi Moghaddam Sahar , Esmaeili Shahnaz , Rashidi Mohammad-Mahdi , Nasli Esfahani Ensieh , Masinaei Masoud , Rezaei Negar , Rezaei Nazila , Farzadfar Farshad , Larijani Bagher
Published: March 2023

The aim of the study was to report the burden of type one diabetes mellitus (T1DM) by sex, age, year, and province in Iran over the past 30 years, according to data provided by the global burden of disease (GBD) study. Incidence, prevalence, death, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), years of life lost, and years lived with disability due to T1DM by age groups and sex was reported for 31 provinces of Iran from 1990 to 2019 with their 95% uncertainty intervals (UI). In 2019, national age-standardized incidence (11.0 (95% UI: 8.9–13.5)), prevalence (388.9 (306.1–482.1)), death (0.7 (0.6–0.8)), and DALYs (51.7 (40.9–65.1)) rates per 100,000 wre higher than 1990 except for death. Also, the mortality to incidence ratio reduced in all provinces over time particularly after 2014 as well. GBD data analysis showed that age-standardized incidence and prevalence rates of T1DM have increased, the death rate reduced, and DALYs remained unchanged during the past 30 years in Iran and its 31 provinces. death rate reduced and DALYs remained unchanged during the past 30 years in Iran and its 31 provinces.
A novel ex-vivo isolated rabbit heart preparation to explore the cardiac effects of cervical and cardiac vagus nerve stimulation
Authors: Kronsteiner Bettina , Haberbusch Max , Aigner Philipp , Kramer Anne-Margarethe , Pilz Patrick M. , Podesser Bruno K. , Kiss Attila , Moscato Francesco
Published: March 2023

The cardiac responses to vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) are still not fully understood, partly due to uncontrollable confounders in the in-vivo experimental condition. Therefore, an ex-vivo Langendorff-perfused rabbit heart with intact vagal innervation is proposed to study VNS in absence of cofounding anesthetic or autonomic influences. The feasibility to evoke chronotropic responses through electrical stimulation ex-vivo was studied in innervated isolated rabbit hearts (n = 6). The general nerve excitability was assessed through the ability to evoke a heart rate (HR) reduction of at least 5 bpm (physiological threshold). The excitability was quantified as the charge needed for a 10-bpm HR reduction. The results were compared to a series of in-vivo experiments rabbits (n = 5). In the ex-vivo isolated heart, the baseline HR was about 20 bpm lower than in-vivo (158 ± 11 bpm vs 181 ± 19 bpm). Overall, the nerve remained excitable for about 5 h ex-vivo. The charges required to reduce HR by 5 bpm were 9 ± 6 µC and 549 ± 370 µC, ex-vivo and in-vivo, respectively. The charges needed for a 10-bpm HR reduction, normalized to the physiological threshold were 1.78 ± 0.8 and 1.22 ± 0.1, in-vivo and ex-vivo, respectively. Overall, the viability of this ex-vivo model to study the acute cardiac effects of VNS was demonstrated.
Effects of plyometric vs. strength training on strength, sprint, and functional performance in soccer players: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hasan Shahnaz
Published: March 2023

Plyometric training (PT) has been shown to have numerous benefits and few harmful effects. This study aimed to compare the effects of PT vs. strength training on muscle strength, sprint, and lower limb functional performance in soccer players. Ninety participants (mean age 22.5 years) were equally and randomly divided into three groups: a plyometric training group (PTG; n = 30), a strength training group (STG; n = 30), and a control group (CG; n = 30). In PTG: bounding, hurdling, and drop jumping exercises were performed. In STG: isometric exercises of knee extension (at 60º knee flexion), quadriceps (in supine), hip adductors (in crook lying), and straight leg raise were performed. In CG: no specific training was given. All interventions were performed for eight weeks. Isometric strength (IS), sprint (ST), and single-leg triple hop (SLTH) tests were outcome measures. The wilcoxon signed ranks test was used for with-in-group analysis, and Kruskal Wallis and Mann–Whitney u tests were used for between-group analyses. In PTG: in comparison to a baseline measurement, IS increased by 8.83% (p < 0.05), ST decreased by 20.14% (p < 0.05), and SLTH increased by 7.78% (p < 0.05). In STG: IS increased by 15.76% (p < 0.05), ST decreased by 30.26% (p < 0.05), and SLTH increased by 12.41% (p < 0.05). In CG: IS increased by 5.72% (p < 0.05), ST decreased by 15.54% (p < 0.05), and SLTH increased by 4.41% (p < 0.05). The greatest improvements were observed in STG, followed by PTG and CG. Strength training was found to be more effective than PT in improving muscle strength, sprint, and lower limb functional performance in male soccer players.
Novel coil design and analysis for high-power wireless power transfer with enhanced Q-factor
Authors: Awuah Charles Marfo , Danuor Patrick , Moon Jung-Ick , Jung Young-Bae
Published: March 2023

The power transfer efficiency (PTE) is a crucial aspect for effective wireless power transfer (WPT) applications. The quality factor (Q) of the WPT coil plays a critical role in ensuring higher PTE. In this paper, a novel method of improving the Q of a WPT coil is proposed. Resistance reduction techniques are presented which involves variation of the trace pitch, width, and thickness. This approach targets the high AC losses centered in the inner turns, which subsequently results in an increased Q. Numerical analysis with respect to the inductance and resistance models are presented, analyzed, and compared to that of the EM simulation results. To verify the efficacy of the proposed coil structure, a prototype is fabricated where good agreement is achieved between the measured and simulated results. The proposed coil attained a quality factor increment of about 19.24% at 85 kHz in comparison to the conventional one. The proposed technique can be used to optimize planar spiral coils to attain higher Q.
Spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of antibiotics and heavy metals in the Yitong River basin and ecological risk assessment
Authors: Zhao Ke , Wang Qian , Qian Shifeng , Li Fengxiang
Published: March 2023

Due to rapid socioeconomic development, antibiotic pollution and heavy metal pollution are receiving increasing amounts of attention. Both antibiotics and heavy metals in the environment are persistent and toxic, and the interactions between the pollutants create potential long-term hazards for the ecological environment and human health as mixed pollutants. In this study, the surface water of the Yitong River in Changchun was used as the research object, and the hazards associated with antibiotics and heavy metals in the surface water were assessed by analyzing the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of antibiotics and heavy metals and by using ecological risk assessment and human health risk assessment models. The results showed that ofloxacin (OFL) and norfloxacin (NOR) varied seasonally according to the seasonal climate, with total concentrations ranging from 17.65 to 902.47 ng/L and ND to 260.49 ng/L for OFL and NOR, respectively, and from 8.30 to 120.40 μg/L, 1.52 to 113.41 μg/L and 0.03 to 0.04 μg/L for copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd), respectively. In terms of spatial distribution, the concentration of antibiotics in the urban sections, which had intensive human activities, was higher than that in the suburban sections, while the concentration of heavy metals in the suburban sections, which had intensive agricultural operations, was greater than that in the urban section. Ecological risk evaluation showed that NOR and OFL were present in the water bodies at a high-risk level, Cd was at a low pollution level, and the heavy metal Cd was the primary pollutant associated with health risks toward for adults and children, and it was mainly at a medium risk level. Additionally, both antibiotics and heavy metals posed higher health risks for children than for adults.
A microfluidic immunosensor for automatic detection of carcinoembryonic antigen based on immunomagnetic separation and droplet arrays
Authors: Hu Haoran , Cai Gaozhe , Gao Zehang , Liang Cheng , Yang Fengna , Dou Xiaohui , Jia Chunping , Zhao Jianlong , Feng Shilun , Li Bei
Published: March 2023

Using immunomagnetic separation technology to enrich the target in the sample, combined with solid-phase surface modification technology to complete the quantitative detection of the sample concentration, enabling a more simplified detection process.
Bioinspired complexes confined in well-defined capsules: getting closer to metalloenzyme functionalities
Authors: Diao Donglin , Simaan A. Jalila , Martinez Alexandre , Colomban Cédric
Published: March 2023

We describe the recent efforts in the field of bioinspired confined complexes, with an emphasis on the emerging hemicryptophane caged catalysts.
A regioselective step-by-step C60Cl6 functionalization approach affords a novel family of C60Ar5Th′Th′′H fullerene derivatives with promising antiviral properties
Authors: Bolshakova Valeriya S. , Kraevaya Olga A. , Peregudov Alexander S. , Markov Vitaliy Yu. , Kostyuk Svetlana V. , Schols Dominique , Shestakov Alexander F. , Troshin Pavel A.
Published: March 2023

A novel reaction of fullerene derivatives C1-C60Ar5Th′ with substituted thiophenes Th′′H leads to the unknown family of compounds C1-C60Ar5Th′Th′′H with antiviral, antioxidant properties and three different types of functional addends.
Effect of the Al/AlOx interfacial stacking sequence on the transport properties of alumina tunnel junctions
Authors: Shan Zheng , Gou Xuelian , Sun Huihui , Liu Fudong , Han Lin , Shang Jiandong
Published: March 2023

Our theoretical calculations reveals that the oxygen termination mode is least sensitive to conductance change of Al/Al2O3 stacking sequence.
Effects of different iron minerals on organics removal pathway and end-products during anaerobic digestion
Authors: Yang Yafei , Chen Hezhen , Liu Jiayi , Chen Bi , Yang Fan , Wang Li , Wang Yan , Dou Ming , Wan Junfeng
Published: March 2023

Ferrihydrite and magnetite enhanced anaerobic digestion through dissimilatory iron reduction and direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET), respectively.
Recent advances in the treatment and recycling of mineral processing wastewater
Authors: Jing Gaogui , Meng Xiangsong , Sun Wei , Kowalczuk Przemyslaw Boguslaw , Gao Zhiyong
Published: March 2023

Wastewater in the mineral processing industry: treatment technologies and reuse potential.
Development of a Ce-doped hydroxyapatite–sodium alginate biocomposite for bone and dental implants
Authors: Shahid Urwa , Nisar Awais , Rehman Muhammad Atiq Ur , Omer Saeed , Tayyaba Qanita , Shafique Munib Ahmed , Iqbal Sajid
Published: March 2023

In this study, we explored a new biocomposite of cerium and sodium alginate-doped hydroxyapatite for possible bone and teeth implant applications. The synthesized composites showed excellent bioactivity, and mechanical and physiological properties.
Exploiting breath figure reversibility for in situ pattern modulation and hierarchical design
Authors: Dent Francis J. , Harbottle David , Warren Nicholas J. , Khodaparast Sepideh
Published: March 2023

The breath figure method employs self-assembled condensation droplets as dynamic templates for patterning polymer films. By exploiting the reversibility of the phase change processes, we achieve in situ control towards generating diverse patterns.
Dynamics of prolate spheroids in the vicinity of an air–water interface
Authors: Villa Stefano , Larobina Domenico , Stocco Antonio , Blanc Christophe , Villone Massimiliano M. , D'Avino Gaetano , Nobili Maurizio
Published: March 2023

We used interferometry to measure the 3D roto-translational Brownian dynamics of a prolate ellipsoid near an air–water interface. Measured mobilities are found in agreement with the condition of surface incompressibility at the air–water interface.
A color-tunable single-benzene fluorophore-based sensor for sensitive detection of palladium in solution and living cells
Authors: Takacsova Paulina , Kudlickova Peskova Marie , Svec Pavel , Heger Zbynek , Pekarik Vladimir
Published: March 2023

New fluorescent probes based on the Tsuji–Trost reaction were developed for the selective detection of palladium and other transition metals (platinum and gold) in an aqueous/organic mixed solvent with a sensitivity down to 2.5 nM (for palladium).
Rapid detection and quantification of paracetamol and its major metabolites using surface enhanced Raman scattering
Authors: AlMasoud Najla , Alomar Taghrid S. , Xu Yun , Lima Cassio , Goodacre Royston
Published: March 2023

Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is an over the counter drug that is often used in suicide attempts.  We have developed a SERS based assay that allows for the quantification of paracetamol and its three major metabolites.
Hetero-carbolong chemistry: experimental and theoretical studies of diaza-metallapentalenes
Authors: Chu Zhenwei , Li Jinhua , Hua Yuhui , Luo Ming , Chen Dafa , Xia Haiping
Published: March 2023

Treatment of azo compounds with an η2-alkyne-coordinated metallacycleviaalkyne-azo coupling followed by aromatization efficiently afforded the first diaza-metallapentalenes.
Exsolution on perovskite oxides: morphology and anchorage of nanoparticles
Authors: Ruh Thomas , Berkovec Dominic , Schrenk Florian , Rameshan Christoph
Published: March 2023

In this work, we summarize the current state of research regarding the morphology of exsolved nanoparticles on perovskite oxides.
Molybdenum(iv) β-diketonate complexes as highly active catalysts for allylic substitution reactions
Authors: Masero Fabio , Mougel Victor
Published: March 2023

The synthesis and characterization of a series of Mo(iv) bis-β-diketonate (Rdiket, R = Me, tBu, Ph) dichloride (RMoIVCl2) and bistriflate (RMoIV(OTf)2) complexes are reported and investigated as catalysts for allylic substitution reactions.
Remote electronic effect on the N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed asymmetric intramolecular Stetter reaction and structural revision of products
Authors: Inokuma Tsubasa , Iritani Kohei , Takahara Yuki , Sun Chunzhao , Yamaoka Yousuke , Kuwano Satoru , Yamada Ken-ichi
Published: March 2023

The remote electron-withdrawing substituents on the chiral N-heterocyclic carbene enhanced rate and enantioselectivity in the asymmetric intramolecular Stetter reaction. The absolute configurations of the products were revised by X-ray diffraction.
Transmembrane transport of fluoride studied by time-resolved emission spectroscopy
Authors: Cataldo Alessio , Chvojka Matúš , Park Gyeongjin , Šindelář Vladimír , Gabbaï François P. , Butler Stephen J. , Valkenier Hennie
Published: March 2023

The encapsulation of a lanthanide-based probe in liposomes allows monitoring of fluoride transmembrane transport using time-resolved emission spectroscopy, which makes it possible study fluorescent transporters.
Ethyl acetoacetate and acetylacetone appended hexabromo porphyrins: synthesis, spectral, electrochemical, and femtosecond third-order nonlinear optical studies
Authors: Rohal Renu Kumari , Banerjee Dipanjan , Manchanda Tavleen , Bhardwaj Varusha , Soma Venugopal Rao , Sankar Muniappan
Published: March 2023

Asymmetrically β-substituted porphyrins possessing ethyl acetoacetate or acetylacetone were synthesized. They exhibited redox tunability and higher third-order NLO coefficients due to the electron-withdrawing β-substituents and their nonplanar structure.
Halogen bonds regulating structures and optical properties of hybrid iodobismuthate perovskites
Authors: Li Ao , Wu Mengling , Zhang Junle , Song Fahui , Pan Fangfang
Published: March 2023

Halogen bonds (XB) induce successive amorphous to single-crystalline transformations in iodobismuthate perovskites, and improve the water-resistance. DFT computations show the Bi–I bond nature determines the semiconductivity of the materials.
Phase evolution, speciation and solubility limit of aluminium doping in zinc oxide catalyst supports synthesized via co-precipitated hydrozincite precursors
Authors: Mockenhaupt Benjamin , Wied Jan Konrad , Mangelsen Sebastian , Schürmann Ulrich , Kienle Lorenz , Schmedt auf der Günne Jörn , Behrens Malte
Published: March 2023

The solubility of aluminum in zinc oxide during the thermal decomposition of hydrozincite precursors to synthesize doped catalyst supports has been investigated using a multi-method approach.
Locally regulating Li+ distribution on an electrode surface with Li–Sn alloying nanoparticles for stable lithium metal anodes
Authors: Man Jianzong , Liu Wenlong , Sun Xiaodong , Sun Juncai
Published: March 2023

The in situ generated Li22Sn5 nanoparticles exposed in the holes after Li stripping can guide the stripped Li to deposit back onto the previous stripping sites by regulating the local current density of the electrode surface.
Magnetic field assisted fabrication of yolk–shell Co3V2O8microspheres for superior lithium-ion storage
Authors: Zhou Jiafeng , Bai Jin , Mao Yunjie , Ma Hongyang , Zhu Xuebin , Zhao Bangchuan , Sun Yuping
Published: March 2023

The yolk–shell Co3V2O8microspheres fabricatedviathe magneto-solvothermal method show a high specific capacity, outstanding rate performance, and long cycling life.
Upper-rim functionalised calix[4]arenes for chemoselective Au3+ detection
Authors: Bew Sean P. , Sharma Sunil V. , Gardiner William H.
Published: March 2023

We report the synthesis of a series of fluorophore and alkyne-derived 5,17-difunctionalised calix[4]arenes and their application in the detection of Au3+.
Mechanistic origins of accelerated hydrogenation of mixed alkylaromatics by synchronised adsorption over Rh/SiO2
Authors: Cherkasov Nikolay , Asano Shusaku , Tsuji Yuta , Okazawa Kazuki , Yoshizawa Kazunari , Miyamura Hiroyuki , Hayashi Jun-ichiro , Kunitsa Alexander A. , Jackson S. David
Published: March 2023

We have studied the unique reaction acceleration phenomenon in the mixture and discussed the limitations of the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model for a solid-catalysed reaction.
Paternal early life stress exerts intergenerational effects on male C57Bl/6J offspring risk-taking behaviors and predator scent-induced c-Fos expression
Authors: Thivisol Ulysse M.C.C. , Ho Phoebe , Li Baijia , Trompke Mari , Hoffmann Lucas B. , Hannan Anthony J. , Pang Terence Y.
Published: March 2023

Paternal preconceptional health factors, such as exposures to stress, diet and exercise, have been found to significantly influence offspring phenotypes in a range of animal models. Preclinical studies have provided evidence that paternal stress is associated with increased stress responsivity and anxiety-related traits, particularly in male offspring. It was previously reported that a paternal history of maternal separation (MS) led to male offspring (PatMS) displaying reduced cautious behavior during exploration of a novel environment. The neural basis for that absence of behavioral moderation is unclear. Here, we investigated the adaptive behavioral responses of control and PatMS male offspring in the predator odor risk-assessment task (PORT). PatMS mice failed to moderate their behaviors in the presence of a predator odor 2,4,5-trimethylthiazoline (TMT). c-Fos mapping revealed reduced cellular activation in fear-regulating brain regions of PatMS mice, such as in the cingulate cortex, dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and the basolateral amygdala. Expression of the paternally imprinted gene Grb10 (previously identified as a key molecular regulator of risk-taking behavior) was unaltered in PatMS mice. However, other paternal imprinted genes such as Igf2 and PEG3 were differentially expressed in PatMS mice. Overall, our study provides the first evidence of an intergenerational influence of preconceptional paternal stress exposure on offspring brain zunction relevant to risk-taking behavior, which is also independent of Grb10 gene expression.
Speech Therapy Interventions for Acquired Apraxia of Speech: An Updated Systematic Review
Authors: Munasinghe Thushani Umesha , Ariyasena Akila Dinethra K. , Siriwardhana Dhammika Deepani
Published: March 2023

Purpose:

This systematic review aims to summarize and evaluate the available literature on speech and language therapy interventions for acquired apraxia of speech since 2012.

Method:

A systematic search in six electronic databases was performed from 2013 to 2020. The following primary outcomes were summarized: (a) improvement in targeted behaviors, (b) generalization, and (c) maintenance of outcomes. Moreover, studies were evaluated for the level of evidence and the clinical phase.

Results:

Of the 3,070 records identified, 27 studies were included in this review. The majority of the studies (
n
= 22) used articulatory kinematic approaches followed by intersystemic facilitation/reorganization treatments (
n
= 4) and other approaches (
n
= 1). According to the classes defined in
Clinical Practice Guideline Process Manual
(Gronseth et al., 2017), one was Class II, 10 were Class III, 10 were Class III-b (fulfill Class III criteria except for independence of assessors' criterion), and five were Class IV. In terms of clinical phase, one study classified as Phase III, 10 as Phase II, and 15 as Phase I.

Conclusions:

Among the interventions for apraxia of speech, articulatory kinematic treatments have become prominent over the last 8 years. Focusing on self-administrated therapies, use of technology for therapy administration and development of treatments that focus on apraxia of speech and aphasia simultaneously were identified as new advancements in the apraxia of speech literature. The methodological quality, clinical phase, and level of evidence of the studies have improved within the past 8 years. Large-scale randomized controlled trials for articulatory kinematic approaches and future studies on other treatment approaches are warranted.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.22223785
Addressing Attitudes About Stuttering in Preservice Teachers
Authors: Williams Anne Zappi , Tetnowski John , St. Louis Kenneth O.
Published: March 2023

Purpose:

This study explored the impact of in-person oral presentations on stuttering as a means of improving attitudes toward stuttering among preservice teachers. The educational intervention was tested under three conditions, which varied according to who presented the information. The research question sought to determine if differences in group change scores on the Public Opinion Survey Human Attributes–Stuttering (POSHA-S) occurred after training.

Method:

University classes containing 48 preservice teachers were randomly assigned to either one of two experimental groups or to a control group. The two experimental groups received a presentation on stuttering given by a speech-language pathologist (SLP), with or without a child who stutters. The control group received no training. The change in the Overall Stuttering Score of the POSHA-S was compared between the groups.

Conclusions:

The results indicated that the SLP-only group had a statistically significant improvement on the POSHA-S compared with the control group. Education significantly improved the attitudes of both experimental groups. This research supports the potential benefit of training future educators on stuttering using in-person oral presentations. Clinical and research implications of this study are discussed.
Vision‐audio fusion SLAM in dynamic environments
Authors: Zhang Tianwei , Zhang Huayan , Li Xiaofei
Published: March 2023

Moving humans, agents, and subjects bring many challenges to robot self‐localisation and environment perception. To adapt to dynamic environments, SLAM researchers typically apply several deep learning image segmentation models to eliminate these moving obstacles. However, these moving obstacle segmentation methods cost too much computation resource for the onboard processing of mobile robots. In the current industrial environment, mobile robot collaboration scenario, the noise of mobile robots could be easily found by on‐board audio‐sensing processors and the direction of sound sources can be effectively acquired by sound source estimation algorithms, but the distance estimation of sound sources is difficult. However, in the field of visual perception, the 3D structure information of the scene is relatively easy to obtain, but the recognition and segmentation of moving objects is more difficult. To address these problems, a novel vision‐audio fusion method that combines sound source localisation methods with a visual SLAM scheme is proposed, thereby eliminating the effect of dynamic obstacles on multi‐agent systems. Several heterogeneous robots experiments in different dynamic scenes indicate very stable self‐localisation and environment reconstruction performance of our method.
Study on the measurement method of polyimide electrical properties for flexible solar wing
Authors: Wang Qian , Ma Shuyue , Qin Sichen , Zhang Jiawei , Liu Rui
Published: March 2023

Flexible solar wings with high energy density, lightweight, small size and large deployment area are one of the first choices for next‐generation spacecraft. However, the flexible solar wings are subjected to irradiation in space and tensile mechanical stress, which produce the charge accumulation effect and result in electrostatic discharge. It is necessary to establish a test method for the conductivity and space charge behaviour of polyimide under tensile stress. The stress–strain characteristics of polyimide under different tensile stresses are studied by the authors. The longitudinal length‐strain characteristics and transverse thickness evolution characteristics under different stresses are also obtained. The results show that the variation of film thickness with tensile force is only about 1% before the yield point. The polyimide films from 50 to 200 μm thick have similar yield and tensile strengths. The ultimate stress of the specimen decreases from approximately 126 to 103 MPa with increasing thickness. The thickness model of polyimide under tensile stress were obtained, which could accurately calculate the voltage amplitude applied on the specimens for measuring the conductivity under different tensile stresses. A basis for investigating the stress–strain characteristics of polyimide films under different tensile stresses are provided, which will facilitate the formulation selection and performance improvement of polyimide for flexible solar wings of spacecraft.