bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Opportunities to mitigate PM2.5 and nitrogen deposition through agricultural NH3 control strategies in China’s Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region
Authors: Li Lu , Guo Yixin , Xu Jiayu , Ye Xingpei , Li Danyang , Liu Zehui , Ti  , Liu Xuejun , Zhang Lin
Published: January 2025

High ammonia (NH3) emissions mostly from agricultural sources have contributed to PM2.5 air pollution and excess nitrogen deposition harmful to human and ecosystem health in China. Here we develop an assessment framework which combines an agricultural management technology database, a high-resolution (3 km) agricultural NH3 emission inventory, and the GEOS-Chem High Performance (GCHP) model (at 10 km × 10 km resolution). We evaluate technology combinations for their potentials in providing NH3 emission reductions and consequent air quality and ecosystem benefits for Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region, a hotspot for NH3 and PM2.5. Results show that BTH agricultural NH3 emissions can be reduced by up to 57% (274 Gg N/a) in 2019. With maximum feasible NH3 reduction, annual PM2.5 concentrations and nitrogen deposition can be reduced by up to 7% and 13%, respectively, which are more significant than effects of halving local anthropogenic NOx emissions. When combining maximum NH3 reduction and 50% anthropogenic NOx reduction, effects of NH3 controls on PM2.5 mitigation will be suppressed, while facilitating more efficient local nitrogen deposition mitigation. Our findings implicate that maximum technical feasible NH3 emission reductions are still useful for current PM2.5 management and nitrogen deposition mitigation. In the near future, with continuous NOx controls, additional NH3 controls are required to further mitigate nitrogen deposition in BTH, while delivering air quality benefits that are nonlinearly dependent on the levels NH3 and NOx are reduced.
Structural Behaviour of Functionally Graded High-Strength Hybrid Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Beam-Column Joints Under Static and Cyclic Loading
Authors: P Amsayazhi , RN Karthika
Published: January 2025

The structural behaviour of beam-column connections with varying concrete layers was experimentally evaluated to enhance performance through hybrid fiber-reinforced concrete. A custom hybrid mix incorporating 0.3% glass fiber and 0.7% polypropylene fiber was developed, creating a reinforced layer with high-strength concrete in the beam section. Four beam-column joints were cast, featuring a dual-layer concrete design—hybrid fiber-reinforced concrete and high-strength concrete—and subjected to static loading tests. Comparative analysis with control specimens, devoid of fiber reinforcement, demonstrated a 22.9% improvement in ultimate load-carrying capacity. Crack patterns aligned with the "strong column-weak beam" principle, ensuring optimal failure mechanisms. Probability analysis confirmed the consistency and reliability of the hybrid fiber-reinforced layer in improving structural performance. The results highlighted significant gains in ductility, structural strength, and load-carrying capacity, offering a robust solution to durability and performance challenges in reinforced concrete beam-column connections. This investigation contributes to developing advanced materials for resilient structures, underscoring the benefits of combining hybrid fibers with high-strength concrete.
Morpho-Anatomical Adaptations of Schoenoplectus lacustris (L.) Palla Along the Salinity Gradients in Sargodha Pakistan
Authors: Hassan Muhammad
Published: January 2025

Salinity is a critical environmental stressor that significantly impairs plant productivity, rendering approximately 800 million hectares of agricultural land globally unfit for cultivation. This study investigates the morpho-anatomical adaptations of Schoenoplectus lacustris(L.) Palla, a hyper accumulator sedge from the Cyperaceae family, which dominates the saline wetlands of the Sargodha region. This research represents a novel approach, as such an investigation had not been previously conducted for this species. Plant samples of Schoenoplectus lacustris were collected from natural habitats exhibiting varying levels of salinity. The corresponding soil samples were categorized into highly saline, moderately saline, and less saline based on their physicochemical properties. The species demonstrated optimal growth under highly saline conditions, underscoring its potential as a highly efficient halophyte. Morphological parameters, including plant height, shoot and root biomass (fresh and dry weight), root length, leaf length, and leaf area, were found to be highest in highly saline soils and lowest in less saline conditions. Anatomical adaptations of Schoenoplectus lacustristo salinity stress included reductions in stem cross-sectional area and modifications in root structure. These included increased endodermis thickness, broader xylem vessels, larger parenchymatous cells, and enhanced aerenchyma development. In addition, Schoenoplectus lacustris exhibited complementary responses such as an increase in epidermal cell area, reduced stomatal density, intensified sclerification, enlarged vascular bundle, metaxylem, phloem, and bulliform cell areas. These morpho-anatomical modifications enable Schoenoplectus lacustris to thrive under hypersaline conditions, making it a promising candidate for the rehabilitation of saline soils in Pakistan for both food and fodder production
Enhancing teachers’ multilingual language awareness through a course on language learning strategies and multilingual education
Authors: Spaliviero Camilla
Published: January 2025

Several studies have explored the effects, on teacher cognition, of language teacher education regarding multilingual approaches. However, research on the impact of teacher training in multilingual education and language learning strategies in and across two or more third languages is limited. This study aims to understand the impact of a university course regarding the use of multilingual approaches to develop language learning strategies in both Italian and Spanish as third languages. It focuses on the development of multilingual language awareness in a group of pre-and in-service teachers, with particular attention to their collaboration. To achieve this, the article examines the changes in their beliefs and teaching practices during the course. Data were collected through teachers’ diaries and the teaching materials they produced. Results confirm the efficacy of teacher training in using multilingual approaches to develop learning strategies in and across languages by stimulating teachers’ reflections, engaging them in operative tasks, and promoting their collaboration.
EFFECT OF ORAL TRIPEPTIDE-COLLAGEN ON MICROCIRCULATION (NAIL FOLDS) AND SKIN WRINKLES
Authors: Jasaputra Diana Krisanti , Surjati Hani , Fen Tih
Published: January 2025

Background: Accelerated aging is associated with increased exposure to reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to lower collagen and elastin levels in the body. This reduction reduces microvascular activity, causing microcirculatory disorders and skin wrinkles. Administering collagen tripeptides can help improve the microcirculation system.
Objective: This study aims to investigate the effects of collagen tripeptide on improving microcirculation, reducing skin wrinkles, and lowering excessive ROS toxicity.
Method: The research method used is experimental with a pre-post study approach without using a control group and descriptive quantitative data analysis. We measured microcirculation using a microscope, quantified ROS levels with the QYM-DI microscope, and assessed nasolabial fold depth with an acupuncture needle.
Results: The study results indicate that collagen tripeptide significantly improves microcirculation, reduces skin wrinkles, and decreases excessive ROS toxicity. The non-parametric Wilcoxon test results are as follows: (1) there is a significant difference before and after collagen tripeptide consumption in terms of microcirculation improvement (p = 0.000), reduction of skin wrinkles on the nasolabial folds (p = 0.008), and reduction of ROS (p = 0.000). This improves microcirculation, which in turn reduces skin wrinkles on the nasolabial folds.
Conclusion: Consuming collagen tripeptide for three months can improve microcirculation, reduce skin wrinkles on the nasolabial folds, and reduces ROS.
Advancing CCUS in the Romanian cluster: strategic decarbonisation through multi-modal CO2 transport and offshore storage
Authors: Anghel Sorin , Dudu Alexandra-Constanța , Sava Constantin-Ștefan
Published: January 2025

This paper focuses on the strategic decarbonization of Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) technologies within the ACTiON project, emphasizing the Romanian cluster in Oltenia. By leveraging the Getica CCS framework, the study analyzes specific technologies and measures for multimodal CO2 capture and offshore storage, including transport via pipelines, the Danube River, and rail. Proxy models address data restrictions for evaluating storage and CO2-EOR potential. Results analyze technical, logistical, and environmental challenges, offering scalable strategies for CO2 management. Insights aim to advance Romania’s decarbonization efforts while contributing to European best practices, benefiting policymakers, industries, and global sustainability initiatives.
Uwagi w przedmiocie sporu o krąg podmiotów zdolnych do popełnienia przestępstwa wykonania zabiegu leczniczego bez zgody pacjenta (art. 192 k.k.) - postulat de lege ferenda
Authors: Garnicz-Garnicki Filip
Published: January 2025

Przestępstwo wykonania zabiegu leczniczego bez zgody pacjenta (art. 192 k.k.) jest tematem często poruszanym w publicystyce naukowej od momentu jego wprowadzenia w 1997 r. Wynika to z faktu, że wszystkie znamiona tego czynu zabronionego są ujęte w sposób nieostry, co prowadzi do rozbieżności poglądów oraz nierozstrzygniętych sporów. Kluczową kwestią jest określenie kręgu podmiotów zdolnych do jego popełnienia. W doktrynie istnieją dwa główne stanowiska: o ogólnosprawczym lub indywidualnym charakterze przestępstwa. Autor wskazuje, że problem nie jest jednoznaczny, a analiza prowadzi do sprzecznych wniosków, jednak ostatecznie opowiada się za ogólnosprawczym charakterem. Wobec trudności interpretacyjnych proponuje się postulat de lege ferenda skierowany do ustawodawcy i Komisji Kodyfikacyjnej Prawa Karnego, aby rozwiązać problemy interpretacyjne.
Cinnamomum tamala (Buch.-Ham.) Th. G. G. Nees Leaves Extract Protects against an Experimental Murine Model of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Kaur Amritpal , Singh Thakur Gurjeet , Khan Nadeem , Gir Hardeep , Arora Poonam , Kumar Manish
Published: January 2025

Background:

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a critical complication involving
oxidative stress and inflammation, that is not amenable to current therapeutic strategies. Herbal
remedies are increasingly being used as an alternative to current treatment options.

Objectives:

In this research, we evaluated the effects of Cinnamomum tamala (Buch. -Ham.) Th.
G. G. Nees leaves the extract in DCM and its scope as an adjunct or alternative therapy along
with existing standard treatment.

Methods:

The ethanolic extract was prepared using the Soxhlet apparatus and rotary evaporator.
Streptozotocin (1st day) and isoproterenol (12th and 13th day) were given to induce DCM in rats.
Oral treatment with ethanolic extract of C. tamala leaves (250 and 500 mg/kg) or glibenclamide
(10 mg/kg) was given from the 3rd to the 14th day.

Results:

C. tamala extract or glibenclamide attenuated streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia in
rats. C. tamala extract or glibenclamide (10 mg/kg) inhibited serum dyslipidemia, lactate dehydrogenase,
and creatine kinase MB activities. The body weight, total heart protein, and heart
weight were ameliorated by C. tamala extract or glibenclamide (10 mg/kg). Furthermore, DCM
culminated in cardiac oxidative stress and inflammation, and these biochemical parameters were
ameliorated by C. tamala extract or glibenclamide (10 mg/kg) treatment. The combination of C.
tamala extract (500 mg/kg) and glibenclamide (5 mg/kg, low dose) significantly attenuated DCM
relative to separate treatments.

Conclusion:

C. tamala can be a useful alternative or adjunct therapy in DCM therapeutics. The
combinatorial treatment approach with C. tamala might reduce the dose of therapeutic molecules
used in the current clinical practice of DCM.
Ramadan Fasting and Migraine: Exploring their Association with Circadian Rhythms -A Narrative Review
Authors: Al Rashid Sulthan , Kohaf Neveen A. , Harisa Gamaleldin I. , Ziaur Rahman Syed , AlSheikh Mona Hmoud
Published: January 2025

Ramadan fasting, practiced by Muslims around the globe, involves changes in eating
and sleeping patterns that can affect circadian rhythms. This review explores the link between circadian
rhythms and migraines during Ramadan fasting. Disruptions in circadian rhythms, which
govern various bodily processes, have been associated with multiple health issues, including migraines
and neurodegenerative disorders. Gaining insight into how circadian rhythms, Ramadan
fasting, and migraines interact can shed light on migraine triggers and management strategies during
this period. This review synthesizes current literature on the relationship between circadian
rhythms and migraines, examines possible mechanisms, and suggests approaches for managing migraines
during Ramadan fasting while accounting for circadian rhythm disturbances.
The Double Sides of Curcumin and its Therapeutic Prospects
Authors: Rotimi Damilare Emannuel , Iroaganachi Amarachi Brown , Odeyemi Inioluwa Ayooluwa , Adeyanju Anne Adebukola , Akanji Musbau Adewumi , Adeyemi Oluyomi Stephen
Published: January 2025

Plants have been used for centuries as a treatment for various medical conditions, with over 80% of the population relying on them for healthcare. Curcumin, an aromatic spice from Curcuma longa L., is a significant contributor to this list. Curcumin is non-toxic and has numerous benefits, including anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antioxidant, and analgesic properties. It contains a high number of antioxidants, which can help treat various ailments, including digestion, smallpox, skin cancer, wound healing, body weight, neurological illnesses, cardiovascular diseases, erectile dysfunction, malaria, chicken pox, urinary tract infections, conjunctivitis, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic anterior uveitis, and liver ailments. Curcumin is also used to enhance overall energy, eliminate worms, regulate menstruation, and address digestive disorders. Curcumin is a versatile pharmacological compound with potent curative and regulated chemo-biological properties, making it effective in addressing various human health conditions. However, it can also have toxic effects. Due to its poor bioavailability, it has slow absorption, fast metabolism, and obligatory elimination. To enhance curcumin bioavailability, drugs that inhibit the curcumin metabolic pathway have been used. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the diverse medicinal benefits of curcumin along with its toxic effects.
Characterizations of Degree-based Topological Indices in Boron-embedded Benzenoid Graphs
Authors: Liu Yuanyuan , Sun Weigang
Published: January 2025

Background:

Chemical graph theory is a crucial tool for characterizing
molecular properties and reactions. It utilizes a rigorous mathematical framework to
reveal the complex structures and dynamics of molecules.

Methods:

The atomic structure of boron is incorporated into an n-dimensional oxide
network to create two sets of boron-embedded benzenoid networks. By employing
mathematical analysis and graph theory, degree-based topological indices are derived.

Results:

Analytical solutions for molecular descriptors of degree-based topological
indices in boron-embedded benzenoid networks are computed.

Conclusion:

The unique structures of boron-embedded benzenoid networks significantly
influence the topological indices, highlighting the interplay between molecular
structures.
Artificial Intelligence in Pharmacovigilance
Authors: Kumar Dinesh , Kaur Amandeep , Shruti  , Kaur Davender
Published: January 2025

Pharmacovigilance (PV) is a data-driven method that quickly identifies medication
safety risks by processing reports of suspected Adverse Events (AEs) and extracting health data.
The first steps in the PV case processing cycle include data collection, data entry, coding, preliminary
validity and completeness checks, and medical evaluation for severity, seriousness, expectation,
and causality. Afterward, a report is submitted, quality is checked, and data storage and
maintenance are performed. This process is costly and time-consuming, as it requires both a workforce
and technology. Conversely, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is used to reduce this time investment
and increase data accuracy. AI includes machine learning methods like deep learning and
natural language processing, which can recognize and retrieve information on adverse drug occurrences.
By doing so, it is possible to optimize the pharmacovigilance process and improve the
tracking of documented adverse medication occurrences. AI's advancement in pharmacovigilance
raises concerns about potential changes in drug safety professionals' roles, prompting curiosity
about their future in an AI-assisted workplace. Artificial Intelligence (AI) should augment human
intelligence, not replace human specialists. It's crucial to highlight and ensure AI improves PV
more than it causes problems. The pharmaceutical business faces significant obstacles and opportunities,
especially when it comes to implementing and employing advanced Information Technology
(IT) in Pharmaceutical Monitoring (PMS) Systems. Automation improves PV in several
ways (e.g., boosting data quality or improving consistency). Several themes are discussed, outlining
the challenges encountered, exploring potential solutions, and emphasizing the need for further
research. The accepted use case involves automating the workflow in the case of ICRS.
EVALUASI KESESUAIAN LAHAN UNTUK BUDIDAYA TANAMAN SEMANGKA (STUDI KASUS DI KECAMATAN TUAH MADANI, KOTA PEKANBARU)
Authors: Sukma Dinda Razita , Gusmawartati G , Idwar I , Nasrul Besri , Umami Irwin Mirza
Published: January 2025

Evaluation of land suitability is carried out to perceive the potential and limitation factors of an area as an agricultural development area. Air Putih Village is one of the potential area for watermelon development area. This research was conducted to perceive the level of actual and potential land suitability for watermelon cultivation in Air Putih Village, Tuah Madani District, Pekanbaru City in the form of a semi-detailed map scale of 1:25.000. The method used in this study was a purposive sampling survey based on a map of land units. There were 7 units of land covering an area of 330.56 ha with a total of 21 sample points. Data were sourced from field observation, analysis of chemistry and physics of soil samples at the laboratory and secondary data from climate data. Land suitability assessment was carried out using the limiting factor matching method. The actual land suitability was in class S3 and N with effective soil depth (rc), base saturation (nr), slope (eh) and soil texture (rc) as limiting factors. The class of the potential land suitability for watermelon cultivation were S2, S3 and N.
EVALUASI STATUS KESUBURAN TANAH ULTISOL PADA DUA PENGGUNAAN LAHAN DI DESA PAK BULU KECAMATAN ANJONGAN KABUPATEN MEMPAWAH
Authors: Wati Khairun Rahmah , Hazriani Rini , Manurung Rinto
Published: January 2025

Ultisols generally have low soil fertility status due to their acidic nature, low organic matter, and limited nutrient availability. The utilization of ultisols for oil palm plantations and secondary forests certainly affects the availability of nutrients, organic matter, and soil acidity. Soil management that does not align with the fertility conditions will result in other problems that can threaten the sustainability of agricultural production. The lack of comprehensive research on soil fertility, particularly in Pak Bulu Village, Anjongan Sub-District, limits the available information on the long-term impacts that could affect soil quality. This situation highlights the importance of conducting this research to determine the appropriate land management practices for soil fertility in each land use. This study employed a soil survey method, with sampling points determined by overlaying maps of soil types, slope classes, and land use, using a purposive sampling method, which was divided into four land units. The soil samples were analyzed for their chemical properties in the Soil Chemistry and Fertility Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Tanjungpura University. The laboratory results were then categorized based on the criteria for evaluating soil chemical properties by the Soil Research Center (1983), and the soil fertility status was subsequently evaluated based on the soil fertility evaluation guidelines by the Soil Research Center Bogor (1995). The evaluation results showed that the soil fertility status of both land uses was at the same level; however, the oil palm plantation had limiting factors such as Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), Base Saturation (BS), Total Phosphorus (P-total), and Total Potassium (K-total) that were classified as low to very low, while the secondary forest only had Base Saturation and Total Potassium classified as very low, with CEC classified as low.
EKSPLORASI FUNGI MIKORIZA ARBUSKULA PADA TINGKAT KELERENGAN LAHAN BERBEDA DI LAHAN KONSERVASI TANAMAN NANAS LOKAL
Authors: Sanjaya Muhammad Fahyu , Arham Ihsan , Sukmawati Sri , Irlan  , Kurniati  , Burhan Abd Rukman
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to explore the characteristics of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) across varying land slope gradients in the conservation area of local pineapple plantations in Majene Regency. The analysis was conducted on five slope categories: flat (0-8%), gentle (8-15%), moderately steep (15-25%), steep (25-45%), and very steep (>45%), to examine the spore density and morphology of AMF as well as to see its relationship to ecological factors such as climate and topography. The results revealed that slope gradients significantly influenced AMF spore density, with the highest density observed on moderately steep and steep slopes. In contrast, lower densities were recorded on flat, gentle, and very steep slopes. Four AMF spore genera were identified: Glomus, Acaulospora, Gigaspora, and Scutellospora. Glomus was dominant across all slopes, Acaulospora was more prevalent on moderate slopes, and Gigaspora preferred steep slopes. Scutellospora was detected in limited quantities on extreme slopes. Environmental factors, including stable temperatures (27.61 °C-27.77 °C), high relative humidity (79.44%-80.41%), and varying precipitation levels, influenced AMF spore distribution and morphology. These findings emphasize the critical role of topography and climate in supporting AMF sustainability in management strategies to conserve AMF biodiversity and enhance crop productivity.
BIOPORE INFILTRATION HOLES WITH ORGANIC FERTILIZER FOR ENHANCING SOIL NUTRIENTS AND COFFEE PRODUCTION IN ACIDIC CLAY SOILS
Authors: Jauhary Muhammad Rifqi Al , Soemarno  , Munir Mochammad
Published: January 2025

The decreasing land area for coffee cultivation in Indonesia has led to a reduction in coffee production. The availability of land with potential for coffee plantation is also decreasing. As a consequence, coffee is cultivated on less fertile lands, such as lands dominated by clay fraction. This land generally has a low pH so that the nutrient content is more absorbed in Al and Fe which react in an acidic environment. Furthermore, heavy texture of soil also inhibits root growth, making it difficult for plants to absorb nutrients. In this study, biopore infiltration holes were used as a solution to improve acidic soil with a dominant clay fraction. The research was conducted at Agrotechnopark Jatikerto, Malang Regency and the soil analysis was conducted at the Soil Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Brawijaya during 2020-2022. This research was conducted experimentally with a group randomized design. There were four treatments in this study, namely 1) control/no biopore, 2) 30 cm empty biopore, 3) 30 cm biopore + 2.12 kg compost fertilizer, and 4) 30 cm biopore + 1.05 kg goat manure fertilizer.  The results showed that biopore infiltration holes added with compost or goat manure fertilizer were able to increase pH, soil organic C, CEC, BS, and total N-P-K nutrients. Furthermore, the increase in organic C and total N-P-K nutrients in the study area was also directly proportional to the increase in chlorophyll content and coffee production. The increase in chlorophyll content and coffee production is a result of the increase in chlorophyll content and coffee yield.
EVALUASI KESESUAIAN LAHAN PERTANIAN KOMODITAS JAGUNG DI KECAMATAN SIPAHUTAR KABUPATEN TAPANULI UTARA
Authors: Nainggolan Edoy , Fadilah Rayhan , Sianturi Jenni , Aceh Resty Marhamah , Sianturi Stevan Federico , Novira Nina
Published: January 2025

Land evaluation is a process of assessing land resources to determine their suitability for specific purposes. This study aimed to evaluate the land suitability for maize (Zea mays L.) in Sipahutar District, North Tapanuli Regency, using a semi-detailed level analysis (1:50,000). The physical and environmental characteristics of the land were obtained from secondary data and analyzed using the matching method, which compared land characteristics with the optimal requirements for maize cultivation. The research area consisted of four land units (I-IV). The results indicated that land unit I fell within the N (unsuitable) class due to the limiting factor of sandy soil texture, that is difficult to overcome. Meanwhile, land units II-IV were classified as S3 (marginally suitable) due to limiting factors such as shallow rooting depth, which significantly affected productivity. These limitations are challenging to address without significant intervention, such as government support or investments from large-scale enterprises. The study highlights the need for targeted land management strategies to optimize maize production in the region.
PENGGUNAAN BERBAGAI JENIS DAN DOSIS BIOCHAR TERHADAP EMISI KARBON DIOKSIDA, NITRAT DAN MIKROORGANISME PADA TANAH
Authors: Zustika Sri , Khusrizal  , Akbar Halim , Nasruddin
Published: January 2025

Soil serves as a medium for the absorption of greenhouse gases due to its organic carbon content; however, its capacity to absorb greenhouse gases has been declining. One of the contributors to carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in agriculture is soil microorganism respiration, while high nitrogen (N) loss is attributed to its mobility. The application of biochar has the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve soil quality. This study aimed to analyze the effects of different types and doses of biochar on reducing CO2 emissions, increasing nitrate levels, and enhancing microorganism populations. The research was conducted in the Soil Laboratory of Agroecotechnology, Malikussaleh University, using a completely randomized factorial design (CRD) with two treatment factors. Factor 1 was the type of biochar: (J1) rice husk biochar, (J2) giant bamboo biochar, and (J3) sweet corn cob biochar. Factor 2 was the biochar dosage: (D0) 0 tons ha⁻¹, (D1) 10 tons ha⁻¹, (D2) 20 tons ha⁻¹, (D3) 30 tons ha⁻¹, and (D4) 40 tons ha⁻¹. Parameters analyzed included CO2 emissions, soil nitrate levels, and microorganism populations. The results showed that rice husk biochar effectively reduced CO2 emissions from soil microorganism respiration to 4.08 kg CO2 ha⁻¹ hour⁻¹, increased soil nitrate levels to 8.14 ppm, and enhanced microorganism populations. The optimal biochar dosage was 30 tons ha⁻¹.
Capturing Requirements for a Data Annotation Tool for Intensive Care: Experimental User-Centered Design Study
Authors: Wac Marceli , Santos-Rodriguez Raul , McWilliams Chris , Bourdeaux Christopher
Published: January 2025

Background

Increasing use of computational methods in health care provides opportunities to address previously unsolvable problems. Machine learning techniques applied to routinely collected data can enhance clinical tools and improve patient outcomes, but their effective deployment comes with significant challenges. While some tasks can be addressed by training machine learning models directly on the collected data, more complex problems require additional input in the form of data annotations. Data annotation is a complex and time-consuming problem that requires domain expertise and frequently, technical proficiency. With clinicians’ time being an extremely limited resource, existing tools fail to provide an effective workflow for deployment in health care.

Objective

This paper investigates the approach of intensive care unit staff to the task of data annotation. Specifically, it aims to (1) understand how clinicians approach data annotation and (2) capture the requirements for a digital annotation tool for the health care setting.

Methods

We conducted an experimental activity involving annotation of the printed excerpts of real time-series admission data with 7 intensive care unit clinicians. Each participant annotated an identical set of admissions with the periods of weaning from mechanical ventilation during a single 45-minute workshop. Participants were observed during task completion and their actions were analyzed within Norman’s Interaction Cycle model to identify the software requirements.

Results

Clinicians followed a cyclic process of investigation, annotation, data reevaluation, and label refinement. Variety of techniques were used to investigate data and create annotations. We identified 11 requirements for the digital tool across 4 domains: annotation of individual admissions (n=5), semiautomated annotation (n=3), operational constraints (n=2), and use of labels in machine learning (n=1).

Conclusions

Effective data annotation in a clinical setting relies on flexibility in analysis and label creation and workflow continuity across multiple admissions. There is a need to ensure a seamless transition between data investigation, annotation, and refinement of the labels.
Perceptions of Patients With Stroke Regarding an Immersive Virtual Reality–Based Exercise System for Upper Limb Rehabilitation: Questionnaire and Interview Study (Preprint)
Authors: Chen Jiayin , Or Calvin Kalun , Li Zhixian , Yeung Eric Hiu Kwong , Chen Tianrong
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

With substantial resources allocated to develop virtual reality (VR)–based rehabilitation exercise programs for poststroke motor rehabilitation, it is important to understand how patients with stroke perceive these technology-driven approaches, as their perceptions can determine acceptance and adherence.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to examine the perceptions of patients with stroke regarding an immersive VR-based exercise system developed to deliver shoulder, elbow, forearm, wrist, and reaching exercises.

METHODS

A questionnaire was used to assess the perceptions of 21 inpatients who had experienced stroke (mean time from stroke onset: 37.2, SD 25.9 days; Brunnstrom stage of stroke recovery for the arm: 3-5) regarding the perceived usefulness of, ease of use of, attitude toward, intrinsic motivation for, and intention to use the exercise system. The measurement items were rated on a 7-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (very strongly disagree) to 7 (very strongly agree), with higher values indicating more positive perceptions. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the responses. Moreover, we conducted semistructured interviews that were audio recorded, transcribed, and subjected to content analysis to identify thematic patterns.

RESULTS

The questionnaire results revealed that the patients’ perceptions of the exercise system were positive (mean ratings >6). The content analysis revealed 6 positive themes from 73 statements about the exercise system: ease of use, usefulness, enjoyment, motivation, accessibility, and game design. Conversely, 15 statements reflected negative perceptions, which were clustered into 3 themes: difficulty in handling VR devices, uncomfortable experiences when using VR devices, and monotony.

CONCLUSIONS

Integrating VR technology into poststroke functional exercises holds significant promise based on patient interests. However, patient preferences and adaptability must be considered to promote the technology’s success. VR-guided exercises should be user-friendly, health-promoting, engaging, and well-designed. Furthermore, addressing challenges, such as bulkiness, motion sickness, discomfort, and exercise monotony, is crucial for the widespread adoption and diffusion of this technology.
Hubungan Kekerabatan Fenetik Sembilan Spesies Anggota Myrtaceae Berdasarkan Morfologi dan Karakter Anatomis Daun
Authors: Rizanda Nabila Hasna
Published: January 2025

Myrtaceae merupakan famili yang dikenal memiliki ciri khas mengandung minyak atsiri yang antara lain bermanfaat sebagai antiinflamasi dan antibakteri. Myrtaceae yang ditemukan di Indonesia diketahui memiliki lebih dari 30 genera dengan variasi morfologis yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kekerabatan fenetik sembilan spesies berdasarkan karakter morfologis dan anatomis daun. Analisis hubungan kekerabatan fenetik dilakukan berdasarkan morfologis dan karakter anatomis daun. Sampel tanaman dikumpulkan dari daerah Hutan Wanagama dan Imogiri, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Hasil identifikasi menunjukkan bahwa sembilan spesies yang diteliti tergolong dalam genus Eucalyptus, Syzygium, Eugenia, Psidium, dan Melaleuca. Analisis kekerabatan fenetik dilakukan dengan analisis klaster terhadap 30 karakter morfologis dan anatomis daun menggunakan jarak Euclidean dan metode klastering UPGMA. Hasil analisis menunjukkan terbentuk dua klaster. Klaster pertama terdiri atas spesies dari genus Eucalyptus, sedangkan klaster kedua terdiri atas spesies dari genus Syzygium, Eugenia, Psidium, dan Melaleuca. Hasil analisis komponen utama menunjukkan karakter permukaan batang, tipe kristal kalsium oksalat, dan bentuk ujung daun adalah yang berperan besar dalam pengelompokkan spesies dan genera. Hasil penelitian ini menegaskan peran karakter morfologis dan anatomis sebagai bukti taksonomi untuk klasifikasi spesies dan genus dalam famili Myrtaceae.
The Art of "Implication Beyond Words" in Chinese Language
Authors: Zou Hanshu
Published: January 2025

--
Civil Law Protection of Personal Information in the Digital Age
Authors: Zhang Yi
Published: January 2025

With the advent of the digital age, the collection, use, and dissemination of personal information have undergone profound changes, while also giving rise to increasingly serious security issues. Emerging digital and information technologies not only bring convenience to life but also pose new challenges to the security of citizens’ personal information. The phenomenon of excessive collection and abuse of personal information occurs frequently in reality. Although our country has regulated this through legislation in various aspects, the public’s awareness of the protection of personal information under private law has not yet fully awakened. The introduction of the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China signifies a new height of emphasis on the protection of personal information at the legal level in our country. Taking this as an opportunity, this article focuses on the Personal Information Protection Law, discusses the current situation of personal information protection under the existing legal framework in our country, analyzes the various difficulties faced in current judicial practice, and proposes suggestions and paths for improvement. This not only helps to enhance the public’s understanding of personal information rights but also provides theoretical support for building a more sound legal protection system.
The Building of an Effective Post-Interpreting Review Framework—A Case Study Based on Two Interpreting Tasks of the 2020 WAIC Conference
Authors: Zou Hanshu
Published: January 2025

The quality of interpreting is a key indicator of an interpreter's performance. An effective way to improve it is constant reflection. Therefore, post-interpreting review plays a crucial role in improving interpreting quality. At present, there are few studies on this area, and there is still a lack of a complete post-interpreting review framework. Specific studies on the tools, stages and contents of post-interpreting review are rare.Reflective learning is significant in improving learning effectiveness, with post-interpreting review as a key reflection activity in it. Therefore, reflective learning theories serves as an important guide to promote interpreting learning. Relevant studies have found that writing reflective journals can effectively improve the interpreting quality. In light of it, it is necessary to establish an effective post-interpreting review framework with the reference of reflective learning theories.Based on relevant reflective learning theories, a review framework was initially established to guide the first post-interpreting review and the second interpreting practice. By comparing the two tasks, the quality of interpreting and the awareness of reflecting was significantly enhanced. Both tasks are mock interpreting tasks for the 2020 World Congress on Artificial Intelligence. This shows that with the aid of a post-interpreting review framework, problems arising from the interpreting practice can be analyzed more comprehensively, and steady improvement of interpreting ability can be achieved.
The Dilemma and Thinking of "Digital Labor" in The Era of Digital Economy
Authors: Zou Hanshu
Published: January 2025

--
Environmental Knowledge and Practices Among Students of Valley University of Science and Technology, Bushenyi, Uganda
Authors: Janan Mubehamwe , Teddy Kanyesigye Stella , Jackson Nzarirwehi
Published: January 2025

Continuous environmental degradation has not only led to increased global warming but has also contributed to mortality rates as well as hindering economic progress. Unfortunately, there was a lack of literature on how educational institutions, especially those in Uganda and especially Valley University of Science and Technology, respond to issues of the environment interns of curricular and other general environmental education practices. Hence, this study investigated the knowledge and practices of environmental education among students, specifically those at Valley University of Science and Technology, Bushenyi, Southwestern Uganda. The study was quantitative and employed descriptive methods. A questionnaire on environmental education measured on a five Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree, 2 = disagree, 3 = not sure, 4 = agree, and 5 = strongly agree) was designed and administered online through WhatsApp and feedback was received from 190 respondents. The responses indicated that all students knew what factors lead to environmental degradation (mean of men = 4.21, mean of women = 4.12). It was also found that both students (mean of men = 2.77, mean of women = 2.82) and Valley University of Science and Technology as an institution (mean of men = 4.29, mean of women = 4.24) were environmentally responsive through their curriculum design, use of proper waste management methods, conduction of sensitization programs, and participating in tree planting programs. The level of knowledge and practices towards environmental sustainability among the respondents were found to be independent of students’ gender (p  > .05). It was thus recommended that related programs be designed to sensitize all people as they exist in their different communities by putting up posters, conducting talks and performing skits on environmental education. Since the results proved that all the educated are literate about environmental education, legislators and environmentalists can base on them to put in place strict laws and policies against environmental degradation.
Variación de precios hedónicos por habitación en un contexto de turismo inclusivo, digital y ambiental: El caso de la península de Baja California
Authors: Rios Nequis Eric Israel , Ibarra Cisneros Manuel Alejandro , Vela Reyna Juan Benito
Published: January 2025

Objetivo: analizar los atributos de producto digitales asociados a la variación de precios por habitación en empresas hoteleras ubicadas en la península de Baja California bajo un entorno turístico de inclusión y ambiental. Metodología: con un modelo de precios hedónicos, se encuentra que los atributos diferenciales de producto y de reconocimiento por parte de los intermediarios digitales ejercen efectos positivos en los precios bajo un contexto inclusivo. Resultados: contrariamente, algunas estrategias de promoción digital no necesariamente justifican incrementos en precios. En este mismo sentido, sucede con las certificaciones ambientales, ampliando el debate que tiene la literatura. Las limitaciones son la temporalidad estacional, la inclusión de más destinos de playa en el norte de país para establecer mayores generalidades. Conclusiones: aspectos emotivos, personales y de experiencia durante el proceso de hospedaje explican el comportamiento de precios.
Leveraging AI Technologies for Personalized Learning Support in Dyslexic Students
Authors: Meenakshi M. Maragadhavalli
Published: January 2025

Dyslexia, a prevalent learning difficulty affecting reading, writing, and spelling, requires specialized interventionsthat
traditional educational systems often lack. This paper proposes an AI-assisted learning platform aimed at addressing the diverse
needs of dyslexic students. The system first tests for dyslexia, classifying students into three zones—low, moderate, and high—
based on severity. Using Natural language processing (NLP), Machine learning, speech-to-text (STT), and Text-to-speech (TTS)
these are some of the AI technologies, the platform provides personalized learning practices tailored to each student's
classification. Continuous assessment and real- time monitoring allow for dynamic adaptation of the learning process to
accommodate individual progress, ensuring that interventions are both responsive and effective.
Pemahaman Hukum Perlindungan Konsumen Bagi Pelaku UMKM di Kelurahan Wainitu-Kota Ambon
Authors: Pariela Marselo Valentino Geovani , Laturette Adonia Ivone , Sopamena Ronald Fadly
Published: January 2025

Pelaku UMKM di Indonesia belum memiliki pemahaman yang memadai mengenai perlindungan konsumen, sehingga berpotensi menimbulkan kerugian bagi konsumen dan berdampak negatif terhadap keberlangsungan usaha mereka. Oleh karena itu, pemahaman terhadap hukum perlindungan konsumen menjadi elemen penting dalam menjaga eksistensi UMKM di Indonesia. Pengabdian masyarakat ini dilaksanakan di RT 002/04 Kelurahan Wainitu, Kecamatan Nusaniwe, Kota Ambon, dengan tujuan meningkatkan kesadaran dan pemahaman pelaku UMKM dan masyarakat umum mengenai hak dan kewajiban konsumen serta pelaku usaha sebagaimana diatur dalam perundang-undangan. Metode yang digunakan adalah diskusi panel yang diikuti dengan sesi tanya jawab, sehingga memungkinkan interaksi aktif antara peserta dan pemateri. Hasil kegiatan ini diharapkan mampu membekali pelaku UMKM dan konsumen dengan pengetahuan hukum perlindungan konsumen yang relevan, sehingga tercipta hubungan yang lebih harmonis dan saling menguntungkan antara konsumen dan pelaku usaha.
 
Abstract
Understanding of Consumer Protection Law for MSMEs Actors in Wainitu Village, Ambon City.MSME actors in Indonesia do not have an adequate understanding of consumer protection, potentially causing harm to consumers and negatively impacting the sustainability of their businesses. Therefore, an understanding of consumer protection law is an important element in maintaining the existence of MSMEs in Indonesia. This community service was carried out in RT 002/04 Wainitu Village, Nusaniwe Subdistrict, Ambon City, with the aim of increasing awareness and understanding of MSME actors and the general public regarding the rights and obligations of consumers and business actors as regulated in the legislation. The method used was a panel discussion followed by a questio and answer session, allowing for active interaction between participants and presenters. The results of this activity are expected to be able to equip MSME actors and consumers with relevant consumer protection law knowledge, so as to create a more harmonious and mutually beneficial relationship between consumers and business actors.
Legalitas BUMDesa : Pendampingan BUMDesa Lemujud dalam Pemenuhan Good Corporate Governance
Authors: Phahlevi Rifqi Ridlo , Purwaningsih Sri Budi , Choiriyah Ilmi Usrotin , Moh. Faizin  , Maulana Asrul , Prasetyo Andika Bujang
Published: January 2025

Pengembangan BUMDesa merupakan salah satu cara yang digunakan pemerintah untuk mengembangkan dan meningkatkan perekonomian masyarakat desa serta meningkatan perolehan Pendapatan Asli Desa termasuk juga bagi desa lemujut. Desa lemujut mempunyai BUMDesa yang sudah beroperasi dengan beberapa unit usaha yang ada diantaranya Unit usaha sewa menyewa kios, PAMSIMAS, Bank desa dan Pengelolaan TPS, dimana kendala yang dihadapi adalah  adanya belum adanya legalitas hukum dari BUMDesa lemujut. Tujuan dari pengabdian ini adalah untuk membantu legalitas BUMDesa Lemujut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan metode empiris dengan pendekatan wawancara. Adapun hasil penelitian ini adalah adanya penataan dan penyesuaian AD/ART, Perdes tentang BUMDesa dan tata lembaga BUMDesa sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan. Setelah dilakukannya penataan dan penyesuaian AD/ART, Perdes sesuai ketentuan hukum, selanjutnya dilakukan pendaftaran legalitas BUMDesa melalui system informasi desa kementerian desa dan terakhir adalah terbitnya legalitas badan hukum BUMDesa Lemujut yang dikeluarkan oleh kementerian Hukum dan HAM.
Abstract
Legal status of BUMDesa: Assisting BUMDesa Lemujud in Fulfilling Good Corporate Governance
The development of the Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDesa) is one of the government's strategies to enhance and boost the rural community's economy, including in Lemujut village. Lemujut village has an operational BUMDesa comprising various business units such as rental kiosks, PAMSIMAS, a village bank, and waste management. However, a significant challenge faced is the lack of legal status for the BUMDesa in Lemujut. The objective of this service is to assist in obtaining legal recognition for BUMDesa Lemujut. This research employs a juridical-normative method using a statutory approach and an empirical method involving interviews. The research findings involve the restructuring and adaptation of the Articles of Association and Village Regulations concerning BUMDesa, aligning them with legal provisions. Once the restructuring and alignment of regulations comply with legal requirements, the next steps involve registering the BUMDesa's legality through the Ministry of Village's information system. Finally, the issuance of legal recognition as a corporate entity for BUMDesa Lemujut is expected from the Ministry of Law and Human Rights.