bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microscale distribution and dynamic surface tension of pulmonary surfactant normalize the recruitment of asymmetric bifurcating airways
Authors: Yamaguchi Eiichiro , Nolan Liam P. , Gaver Donald P.
Published: January 2017

We investigate the influence of bifurcation geometry, asymmetry of daughter airways, surfactant distribution, and physicochemical properties on the uniformity of airway recruitment of asymmetric bifurcating airways. To do so, we developed microfluidic idealized in vitro models of bifurcating airways, through which we can independently evaluate the impact of carina location and daughter airway width and length. We explore the uniformity of recruitment and its relationship to the dynamic surface tension of the lining fluid and relate this behavior to the hydraulic (PHyd) and capillary (PCap) pressure drops. These studies demonstrate the extraordinary importance of PCap in stabilizing reopening, even in highly asymmetric systems. The dynamic surface tension of pulmonary surfactant is integral to this stability because it modulates PCap in a velocity-dependent manner. Furthermore, the surfactant distribution at the propagating interface can have a very large influence on recruitment stability by focusing surfactant preferentially to specific daughter airways. This implies that modification of the surfactant distribution through novel modes of ventilation could be useful in inducing uniformly recruited lungs, aiding in gas exchange, and reducing ventilator-induced lung injury.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY The dynamic surface tension of pulmonary surfactant is integral to the uniformity of asymmetric bifurcation airway recruitments because it modulates capillary pressure drop in a velocity-dependent manner. Also, the surfactant distribution at the propagating interface can have a very large influence on recruitment stability by focusing surfactant preferentially to specific daughter airways. This implies that modification of the surfactant distribution through novel modes of ventilation could be useful in inducing uniformly recruited lungs, reducing ventilator-induced lung injury.
Vibration Control of Tower Structure with Multiple Cardan Gyroscopes
Authors: He Haoxiang , Xie Xin , Wang Wentao
Published: January 2017

Tower structure is sensitive to hurricane and earthquake, and it is easy to generate large deflection and dynamic response. The multiple cardan gyroscope has two rotational degrees of freedom, which can generate strong moments to constrain the two horizontal orthogonal deflections if the rotor operates in high speeds, so the structural dynamic responses can be decreased. Hence, the method of dynamic control of the tower structure under wind load and earthquake action is proposed by using the multiple cardan gyroscopes as the dampers. The dynamic mechanism and the fixed axis principle of the multiple cardan gyroscope are introduced, and the dynamic equation of the gyroscope is established. The damping mechanism of the gyroscope is also described. For the tower structure equipped with the multiple cardan gyroscope dampers, the multidimensional control equation considering torsion effect is established, and the equivalent state space equation is presented. Taking a TV Tower with a number of gyroscope dampers as an analysis example, the structural dynamic responses and damping performance under fluctuating wind loads and earthquake action is studied. The results show that the multiple cardan gyroscope dampers with suitable parameters can effectively decrease the structural vibration in horizontal directions and torsional direction.
Immunoregulation of Shenqi Fuzheng Injection Combined with Chemotherapy in Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Yang Yang , Ting Wang , Xiao Liu , Shufei Fu , Wangxiao Tan , Xiaoying Wang , Xiumei Gao , Boli Zhang
Published: January 2017

Background. Immunosuppression is a well‐recognised complication of chemotherapy in cancer patients. We assemble the clinical evidence that SQI, an adjuvant drug for lung cancer and gastric cancer which was widely prescribed in China, interventions could increase objective tumour response and regulate immunity in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Methods. We undertook a systemic review of the clinical data from randomised controlled trials up to September 2015 in which a SQI intervention was compared with a control arm in patients undergoing conventional chemotherapy. Revman 5.0 Software was used for the data analysis. Results. 49 randomised controlled trials were included in the systematic review. The meta‐analysis results demonstrated that the SQI intervention with conventional chemotherapy exhibited better therapeutic efficacy than the conventional chemotherapy group with a statistically significant higher objective tumour response. Cotreatment with SQI could enhance NK, , level, and ratio comparing with the conventional chemotherapy group. Conclusions. The conclusions of this review might suggest a high risk of bias due to the low quality and the limitation of cancer types in the included trials. A more reliable conclusion regarding the immunoregulation of SQI could be reached based on more trials of higher quality.
Application Research on Testing Efficiency of Main Drainage Pump in Coal Mine Using Thermodynamic Theories
Authors: Shang Deyong
Published: January 2017

The efficiency of a drainage pump should be tested at regular intervals to master the status of the drainage pump in real time and thus achieve the goal of saving energy. The ultrasonic flowmeter method is traditionally used to measure the flow of the pump. But there are some defects in this kind of method of underground coal mine. This paper first introduces the principle of testing the main drainage pump efficiency in coal mine using thermodynamic theories, then analyzes the energy transformation during the process of draining water, and finally derives the calculation formulae of the pump efficiency, which meet the on-site precision of engineering. On the basis of analyzing the theories, the protective sleeve and the base of the temperature sensor are designed to measure the water temperature at inlet and outlet of the pump. The efficiencies of pumps with two specifications are measured, respectively, by using the thermodynamic method and ultrasonic flowmeter method. By contrast, the results show that thermodynamic method can satisfy the precision of the testing requirements accuracy for high-flow and high-lift drainage pump under normal temperatures. Moreover, some measures are summed up to improve the accuracy of testing the pump efficiency, which are of guiding significance for on-site testing of the main drainage pump efficiency in coal mine.
Digital Fluxgate Magnetometer for Detection of Microvibration
Authors: Zhi Menghui , Tang Liang , Cao Xin , Qiao Donghai
Published: January 2017

In engineering practice, instruments, such as accelerometer and laser interferometer, are widely used in vibration measurement of structural parts. A method for using a triaxial fluxgate magnetometer as a microvibration sensor to measure low-frequency pendulum microvibration (not translational vibration) is proposed in this paper, so as to detect vibration from low-frequency vibration sources, such as large rotating machine, large engineering structure, earthquake, and microtremor. This method provides vibration detection based on the environmental magnetic field signal to avoid increased measurement difficulty and error due to different relative positions of permanent magnet and magnetometer on the device under test (DUT) when using the original magnetic measurement method. After fixedly connecting the fluxgate probe with the DUT during the test, the angular displacement due to vibration can be deduced by measuring the geomagnetic field’s magnetic induction intensity change on the orthogonal three components during the vibration. The test shows that the microvibration sensor has angular resolution of over 0.05° and maximum measuring frequency of 64 Hz. As an exploring test aimed to detect the microvibration of earth-orbiting satellite in the in-orbit process, the simulation experiment successfully provides the real-time microvibration information for attitude and orbit control subsystem.
Clinical and Prognostic Effect of Plasma Fibrinogen in Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Tian Yuejun , Hong Mei , Jing Suoshi , Liu Xingchen , Wang Hanzhang , Wang Xinping , Kaushik Dharam , Rodriguez Ronald , Wang Zhiping
Published: January 2017

Background. Although numerous studies have shown that plasma fibrinogen is linked to renal cell carcinoma (RCC) risk, the consistency and magnitude of the effect of plasma fibrinogen are unclear. The aim of the study was to explore the association between plasma fibrinogen and RCC prognosis.Methods. An electronic search of Embase, PubMed/MEDLINE, and the Cochrane databases was performed to identify relevant studies published prior to June 1, 2016.Results. A total of 3744 patients with RCC from 7 published studies were included in the meta-analysis. The prognostic and clinical relevance of plasma fibrinogen are evaluated in RCC patients. Statistical significance of the combined hazard ratio (HR) was detected for overall survival, cancer-specific survival, and disease-free survival. Our pooled results showed that elevated plasma fibrinogen was significantly associated with clinical stage and Fuhrman grading. The level of plasma fibrinogen was not found to be associated with tumor type and gender.Conclusions. Elevated plasma fibrinogen is a strong indicator of poorer prognosis of patients with RCC, whereas the plasma fibrinogen is not significantly associated with tumor type. Therefore, plasma fibrinogen could be used in patients with RCC for risk stratification and decision providing a proper therapeutic strategy.
A casa modernista de Flávio de Carvalho: arte, política e um território em disputa?
Authors: Stevolo Pedro Luiz
Published: January 2017

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo problematizar e historicizar a situação atual e a impossibilidade de uso público da Casa Modernista da Fazenda Capuava de Flávio de Carvalho, localizada na cidade de Valinhos (SP). Para tanto, partiu-se de um breve histórico da atividade do artista no campo da arquitetura e das características de sua casa modernista. Em seguida, levantamos os entraves que se desenvolveram após a morte do artista, o processo de tombamento do imóvel, enquanto patrimônio histórico cultural, e as promessas da prefeitura da cidade de Valinhos. Como conclusão, desenvolveremos as questões apresentadas relacionando-as com a proposta de urbanização tomada pelo município – expansão de áreas particulares em detrimento de espaços públicos -, evidenciando como, neste caso, arte e política se entrecruzam, fazendo do espaço um território em disputa.
A política de registro das congadas em Minas Gerais: mobilização, diálogos e descontinuidades em Santo Antônio do Monte/MG.
Authors: Santos Francimario Vito Dos
Published: January 2017

Este artigo apresenta uma reflexão acerca do processo de Pedido de Registro das Congadas de Minas, conduzido pelo Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (Iphan). Trata-se de uma manifestação cultural afro-brasileira cujas origens remontam o período da escravidão. Há registro de rituais festivos em louvor a Virgem do Rosário e outros santos do imaginário católico como São Benedito e Santa Efigênia, em todas as regiões do estado. As festividades recebem denominações diferentes em cada localidade. Em Santo Antônio do Monte, no centro-oeste mineiro, comumente se usa o termo Reinado para referir-se a tais festividades; na região do triângulo mineiro é mais usual o termo Catupé, já em outras Congadas ou Congados. As pesquisas em curso visam construir uma produção de conhecimento diversa e abrangente acerca da prática cultural e levantar dados através de metodologia específica denominada de INRC – Inventário Nacional de Referências Culturais. Paralelamente são utilizados dados etnográfico e histórico capazes de embasar o Pedido de Registro, e possivelmente a inclusão da referida referência cultural na lista de bens culturais do instituto. O estudo analisa alguns dados etnográficos e históricos obtidos a partir de observações participantes realizadas entre os anos de 2014 e 2015, durante as visitas das esquipes de pesquisas do Iphan em Santo Antônio do Monte. Em linhas gerais, reflete sobre algumas considerações acerca da condução do processo de mobilização da base social, diálogos institucionais entre estado e congadeiros e possíveis descontinuidades da política.
“A confissão da leoa”, de Mia Couto, entre mitos e ritos
Authors: Frasão Anderson
Published: January 2017

This paper analyzes the novel A confissão da leoa, written by Mia Couto, having as guide literary principles, focusing on the character, and extra-literary principles, privileging Mozambican socio-cultural aspects, in order to demonstrate the use of myths and rites in the text construction.
A figura de Ngungunhane entre a narrativa histórica e a narrativa ficcional: Questões sobre o romance Ualalapi, de Ungulani Ba Ka Khosa
Authors: Colosovski Laiz
Published: January 2017

O presente artigo abordará uma série de questionamentos em torno do romance Ualalapi, primeiro romance publicado do escritor moçambicano Ungulani Ba Ka Khosa. Discutindo alguns pontos sobre o entrelaçamento de questões literárias e históricas e refletindo brevemente sobre a trajetória formal dos romances históricos, Ualalapi parece ser uma obra que reinventa o próprio gênero e abre uma série de possíveis questionamentos, tanto historiográficos quanto literários.
Entrevista com o grupo angolano "Fat Soldiers"
Authors: Souza Luana Soares de , Souza Martinho Joaquim João
Published: January 2017

The group "Fat Soldiers" is one of the names that has gained prominence in the scenario of the Angolan rap. Formed by Soldier V, Timomy and M.P, the group began its journey in 2010 with the launch of the first mixtape "Mentes da Rua". "Fat Soldiers" has denounced the living conditions of the poor and oppressed of Angola through subversive and acidic lyrics. The last single released by the group is called "I refuse myself", from the album "Survivors vol. 1, "which addresses a discourse against poverty and inequality, denouncing the concentration of wealth in one of the countries with the highest economic growth of the African continent. The high critical content of the lyrics of the group demonstrates an attitude of engagement, as can be seen in the songs "Truths" and "Cradle of Tin", which portray the suburban realities, social and spatial degradation and systematic corruption that plagues the country. In this interview, the group talks about the Angolan past, the struggles for independence, the current situation in Angola and issues related to music, aesthetics and utopia.
Uma sociologia da literatura na obra de Antonio Candido
Authors: Souza Ubiratã
Published: January 2017

A trajetória longeva e altamente investigativa de Antonio Candido não poderia ter produzido e não produziu conceitos teóricos fechados e coesos, verificáveis de igual modo em toda a sua produção, e que, portanto, possam ser descolados dos objetos empíricos dos quais ele lança mão e aplicados a esmo a quaisquer outros contextos. Para discutir esse pressuposto analisamos momentos distintos da sua trajetória através três estilos distintos de sua produção cunhados por ele próprio: um ensaio “empenhado teoricamente”, uma “crítica esquemática” e uma “crítica histórica” e buscamos analisar os diversos valores e funcionalidades que o termo “sociedade” assume em função de objetos específicos desses diferentes estilos de ensaios.
Por uma experiência sem adjetivos
Authors: Castilho Camila de Castro
Published: January 2017

Diário acadêmico do Máster realizado na Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona no curso de Libros y Literatura Infantil y Juvenil.
O ensino de literatura: perspectivas comparatistas e a formação de professores à luz da Lei 11.645/08
Authors: Sarteschi Rosangela
Published: January 2017

O presente texto tem por objetivo fazer uma breve reflexão conceitual e teórica sobre a formação dos futuros professores do componente curricular “Língua Portuguesa” da rede pública e privada da educação básica no âmbito da área dos Estudos Comparados de Literaturas de Língua Portuguesa, do Departamento de Letras Clássicas e Vernáculas da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas  da USP.
El Apellido Judío como Marcador de Identidad
Authors: Dzienciarsky Damian
Published: January 2017

O nome, além de ser uma designação ou denominação oral que se dá a uma pessoa, é uma ferramenta identificatória. A utilização do nome garante, de certa forma, a preservação da identidade. Os sobrenomes não são apenas palavras, eles escondem, também, diversos significados.A Bíblia, o Talmud e os demais textos judaicos, foram fontes de nomes e sobrenomes. Entretanto, concretamente, somente nos séculos X e XI os sobrenomes, por diferentes motivos, começaram a propagar-se dentro do povo judeu.Este trabalho analisa o sobrenome seguindo os passos da história. A fundamentação metodológica deste artigo está baseada em uma análise histórica diacrônica da adoção de sobrenomes pela população europeia em geral e judaica em particular.É estudada a situação dos sobrenomes e sua consolidação na Idade Média, tratando a situação dos judeus sefardis e asquenazis separadamente.  É investigado o sobrenome na época do Iluminismo destacando a origem do nome “Polônia” e a identidade judaica.Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo refletir sobre os processos que desencadearam e geraram os diferentes sobrenomes judaicos através dos tempos, marcando e definindo a identidade judaica.
INNACURATE REALIZATION OF MASORETIC ANNOTATIONS FROM LENINGRAD CODEX B19A TO THE BIBLIA HEBRAICA SERIES: GENERAL REMARKS
Authors: Francisco Edson De Faria
Published: January 2017

Neste artigo são apresentadas e analisadas algumas situações de reprodução inexata de anotações massoréticas do Códice de Leningrado B19a (L) na série Biblia Hebraica (a Biblia Hebraica [BHK], a Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia [BHS] e a Biblia Hebraica Quinta [BHQ]), publicada pela Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, de Stuttgart, na Alemanha. Além de tais obras, neste artigo são apresentas e analisadas, também, situações de reprodução inexata de anotações da masora magna do Códice L na obra Massorah Gedolah iuxta Codicem Leningradensem B19a, publicada pelo Pontificium Institutum Biblicum, de Roma, na Itália. A BHK, a BHS, a BHQ e a Massorah Gedolah são publicações acadêmicas baseadas no Códice L, e cada uma à sua maneira, procura ser fiel ao referido manuscrito massorético. No presente artigo são identificas situações de inexatidão e são propostas possíveis correções, tendo por base a edição fac-símile do Códice L. Uma das questões abordadas neste artigo é que o estudo da massorá é de fundamental importância para os estudos bíblicos atuais e a reprodução das anotações elaboradas pelos massoretas no período medieval devem ser, na medida do possível, fielmente reproduzidas em edições impressas modernas.
Arthur Miller e sua dramaturgia: a Shoá como um ponto de virada
Authors: Russo Thiago Pereira
Published: January 2017

Este artigo discute a essência dramatúrgica de um dos autores canônicos mais importantes do teatro norte-americano, Arthur Miller. Mesmo que não seja possível mergulhar no universo judaico através de seu corpo de trabalho, é possível identificar elementos da cultura judaica presentes não somente em suas peças teatrais, mas também em sua identidade. O contato com as questões da Shoá aflora sua judeidade e conduz Miller a um ponto de virada em sua criação dramatúrgica, em que a responsabilidade pelos problemas da sociedade passa a ser atribuída não somente ao sistema, mas ao indivíduo, o que aproxima Miller a um humanismo judaico.
"Os visitantes", de B. Kucinski
Authors: Waldman Berta
Published: January 2017

Resenha de "Os visitantes", de B. Kucinski.
"A Mestra dos Costumes": Uma Opinião sobre Música do Acadêmico José Bonifácio de Andrada
Authors: Machado Neto Diósnio
Published: January 2017

O presente artigo aborda a opinião sobre a música vertida porJosé Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva em 1818, diante da Academia Real de Sciencias de Lisboa. Buscaremos esquematizar as influências da música na educação do jovem Bonifácio, sua estada na Europa e o que lá ocorria musicalmente; e finalmente comentar, mesmo que de forma preliminar, sua "opinião". Esperamos assim contribuir para os estudos, necessários, sobre um homem que sempre se dedicou ao conhecimento e que tinha como sonho a propagação "das luzes" sobre a nação que ajudou a criar.
Uma Bibliografia do Violão Brasileiro (1916-1990)
Authors: Castagna Paulo , Schwarz Werner
Published: January 2017

Este artigo é a primeira tentativa de reunir as publicações feitas entre 1916 e 1990, sobre a música "erudita" e "popular" para violão e instrumentos similares (viola, cavaquinho, guitarra, etc.), violonistas, professores e construtores brasileiros, sem as quais seria impossível iniciar estudos de maiores proporções  sobre o assunto. 1916 é, ao mesmo tempo, a data dos textos mais antigos que encontramos e o ano em que o violão começa a ser aceito, no país, como instrumento solista e de concerto. As 490 referências bibliográficas que apresentamos foram colecionadas durante 5 anos e encontradas em bibliografias e/ou nos acervos pesquisados.
Gênese da Notação Musical na Criança: os signos gráficos e os parâmetros do som
Authors: Salles Pedro Paulo
Published: January 2017

O presente estudo nasceu do desejo de sistematizar e interpretar as idéias, os processos e os resultados de um trabalho, realizado com crianças de 6 a 11 anos, em sala de aula, que visava ao delineamento de uma pedagogia musical, cujo desdobramento - em direção a uma gênese da notação musical na criança - é um de seus aspectos mais interessantes e originais, não só devido aos processos articulados pelas crianças, que possibilitaram uma visibilidade do invisível, processos próprios da imaginação e de seu desenvolvimento na criança - mas principalmente aos possíveis musicais que se abrem, num crescendo, à criança, favorecendo-a tanto no plano do intelecto e da construção, como também no plano da intuição e da imaginação criadora. Embora saibamos que, para alguns, a escrita musical possa parecer precoce às crianças desta faixa etária e até mesmo um impedimento ao desenvolvimento de uma fruição criadora, procuramos demonstrar - sem fazer uma apologia da notação musical - que, na gênese da própria música na criança e no processo de construção do conhecimento musical, notações de diversas naturezas acompanham essa gênese em complexidade crescente, como um dado ligado não exclusivamente ao seu aspecto de tradução visual, mais ou menos intelectual oupuramente perceptiva de uma vitalidade sonora, mas sim à possibilidade de penetração cognitiva e também intuitiva na materialidade da música, que supõe signos e mistério.
Jankélévitch e os Opostos Sonoros em Harmonia
Authors: Martins José Eduardo
Published: January 2017

Os escritos de Vladimir Jankélévitch devem ser interpretados com cautela. Os seus textos sobre música são sobremaneira sedutores, a possibilitarem um descortino outro. Polêmicos, é certo, pois todo um referencial recriado sob a influência do pensador propicia um novo approach quanto às vertentes subjetivas da partitura. Sem jamais se ater às exegéticas correntes analíticas dissecadoras em suas estatísticas, menos ainda aos fatos da trajetória real de um compositor ou as tradicionalizadas histórias de uma obra, está o filósofo-musicólogo a pairar nas sensíveis ambigüidades, buscando reflexões no nível dos antagonismos em torno do inefável, paradoxalmente tornando próximos o texto literário-musical e o objeto essencial, a partitura, princípio absoluto do decorrente.
Intracoronary Cardiac Progenitor Cells in Single Ventricle Physiology
Authors: Ishigami Shuta , Ohtsuki Shinichi , Eitoku Takahiro , Ousaka Daiki , Kondo Maiko , Kurita Yoshihiko , Hirai Kenta , Fukushima Yosuke , Baba Kenji , Goto Takuya , Horio Naohiro , Kobayashi Junko , Kuroko Yosuke , Kotani Yasuhiro , Arai Sadahiko , Iwasaki Tatsuo , Sato Shuhei , Kasahara Shingo , Sano Shunji , Oh Hidemasa
Published: January 2017

Rationale:

Patients with single ventricle physiology are at high risk of mortality resulting from ventricular dysfunction. The preliminary results of the phase 1 trial showed that cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) may be effective against congenital heart failure.

Objective:

To determine whether intracoronary delivery of autologous CDCs improves cardiac function in patients with single ventricle physiology.

Methods and Results:

We conducted a phase 2 randomized controlled study to assign in a 1:1 ratio 41 patients who had single ventricle physiology undergoing stage 2 or 3 palliation to receive intracoronary infusion of CDCs 4 to 9 weeks after surgery or staged reconstruction alone (study A). The primary outcome measure was to assess improvement in cardiac function at 3-month follow-up. Four months after palliation, controls had an alternative option to receive late CDC infusion on request (study B). Secondary outcomes included ventricular function, heart failure status, somatic growth, and health-related quality of life after a 12-month observation. At 3 months, the absolute changes in ventricular function were significantly greater in the CDC-treated group than in the controls (+6.4% [SD, 5.5] versus +1.3% [SD, 3.7];
P
=0.003). In study B, a late CDC infusion in 17 controls increased the ventricular function at 3 months compared with that at baseline (38.8% [SD, 7.7] versus 34.8% [SD, 7.4];
P
<0.0001). At 1 year, overall CDC infusion was associated with improved ventricular function (41.4% [SD, 6.6] versus 35.0% [SD, 8.2];
P
<0.0001) and volumes (
P
<0.001), somatic growth (
P
<0.0001) with increased trophic factors production, such as insulin-like growth factor-1 and hepatocyte growth factor, and quality of life, along with a reduced heart failure status (
P
<0.0001) and cardiac fibrosis (
P
=0.014) relative to baseline.

Conclusions:

Intracoronary infusion of CDCs after staged palliation favorably affected cardiac function by reverse remodeling in patients with single ventricle physiology. This impact may improve heart failure status, somatic growth, and quality of life in patients and reduce parenting stress for their families.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01829750.
The ‘Duel’ Meaning of Feminisation in International Relations: The Rise of Women and the Interior Logics of Declinist Literature
Authors: Gentry Caron E.
Published: January 2017

‘Feminisation’ in International Relations refers to multiple, and sometimes contradictory, concepts. Much of the time it refers to the incorporation of women into various organisations and institutions, such as women’s participation in militaries or in politics. The decline of violence, or declinist, literature lists it as one of the contributing factors in the decline of violence and associates feminisation with women’s social, political, and economic empowerment. Feminist theory in ir, however, conceptualises ‘feminisation’ in a different light. As the feminine is often devalued or deprioritised for the preferred masculine, feminisation is synonymous with devalourisation.
1
Therefore, this paper will play with the dual meaning of feminisation, offering a cautionary tale for the dependency on women’s empowerment in the declinist literature by asserting that it is hampered by masculinist thinking. It will do so by challenging the equation of women with gender in the declinist literature. Gender equality and/or progress cannot simply be limited to raising women’s status, which implicates an understanding of gender as a binary categorisation of men/masculinity or women/femininity. Instead, gender is a spectrum that understands the multitude of gender identities, going beyond heteronormativity to lesbian, bi-, gay, trans, queer, and intersex (lbgtqi). Limiting gender to women means violences against other communities, particularly sexual minorities, is unrecognised and unaccounted for.
Rubia hangii (Rubiaceae), a new species from Guangxi Province, China
Authors: YANG LI-E , MENG YING , ZHOU ZHUO , NIE ZE-LONG
Published: January 2017

Rubia hangii, a new species of Rubia sect. Oligoneura from Guangxi Province, China, is described and illustrated. The placement of this species within Rubia is assessed based on a molecular phylogenetic analysis and morphological comparisons with related species. The new species is morphologically similar to R. siamensis and R. falciformis, but differs from the two taxa in having membranous to thin papery leaf blade, margins flat , slender petiole (< 1 mm wide), ovate-lanceolate stipule, triangular corolla lobes, fruit glabrous, with 1 ovule often aborted and 1 mericarp developed, rarely with 2 mericarps. Molecular phylogenetic analyses suggested that R. hangii is closely related to R. argyi and R. pallida. Rubia hangii can be easily distinguished from R. argyi and R. pallida based on leaf and stipule arrangement, leaf shape, number of principal veins, inflorescence position and flower shape.
Cosmarium bahianum, sp. nov. (Desmidiaceae), a new desmid species from a phytotelm habitat in the Brazilian restinga
Authors: RAMOS GERALDO JOSÉ PEIXOTO , BICUDO CARLOS EDUARDO DE MATTOS , MOURA CARLOS WALLACE DO NASCIMENTO
Published: January 2017

Cosmarium bahianum sp. nov. is described from samples collected from a bromeliad tank (phytotelmata) in a “restinga” area located at Salvador, Bahia State, northeast Brazil. Cosmarium bahianum belongs to the group of placoderm desmids, and is mainly characterized by rather small, smooth-walled, but remarkably punctate cells that are elliptic to subtriangular in apical view, as well as by a globose to elliptical, smooth-walled zygospore. The new species was collected from Hohenbergia littoralis J.B.Smith, an endangered endemic bromeliad species from the Brazilian Restinga with distribution restricted to the north coast of Bahia. The relationship of C. bahianum with morphologically similar species is discussed.
Understanding Racial Differences in Exposure to Violent Areas
Authors: Browning Christopher R. , Calder Catherine A. , Ford Jodi L. , Boettner Bethany , Smith Anna L. , Haynie Dana
Published: January 2017

Emerging evidence indicates that exposure to areas prone to violence may influence youth well-being. We employ smartphone GPS data on a sample of urban youth to examine the extent of, and potential explanations for, racial disparities in these exposures. We use data from the Adolescent Health and Development in Context study, which continuously collects GPS data from the smartphones of participating youth for a week, to analyze exposure to violent areas. We find that exposure varies significantly across days of the week and between youth who reside in the same neighborhood. African American youth are exposed to areas with substantially higher levels of violence. Residing in a disadvantaged neighborhood is significantly associated with exposure to violence and explains some of the racial difference in this outcome, but neighborhood factors are incomplete explanations of the racial disparity. Characteristics of the locations at which youth spend time explain the residual racial disparity in exposure to violent areas. These findings highlight the importance of youth activity spaces, above and beyond their neighborhood environments.
Showing Their True Colors? How EU Flag Display Affects Perceptions of Party Elites’ European Attachment
Authors: Dumitrescu Delia , Popa Sebastian Adrian
Published: January 2017

Evidence suggests that incidental national flag exposure activates nationalistic feelings and that incidental exposure to the EU flag can affect citizen attachments to Europe. However, we know little about what inferences citizens make based on the EU flag when they see it displayed by parties in an electoral context. To test the expectation that this display affects citizens’ evaluations of party elites’ EU attachment, we conducted a large-scale experiment embedded in a Swedish survey in which respondents were exposed to communications from one of the two main Swedish parties, containing or not containing the image of the flag. We find that simple visual display does little to move perceptions. However, if citizens perceive that a particular party displayed the flag, then they are more likely to evaluate its party elites as more attached to Europe.
Nonverbal Communication in Politics
Authors: Dumitrescu Delia
Published: January 2017

This article reviews research contributions in political science and communication to the topic of nonverbal communication and politics from 2005 to 2015. The review opens with research on the content of nonverbal communication, then considers studies examining what moderates the impact of nonverbal aspects of political messages on attitudes and behavior and the mechanisms that underpin these effects. Over the period reviewed here, research shows that the nonverbal channel is rich in political information and is consequential for political decision making, particularly under certain circumstances, such as in low-information conditions. Visuals affect political decisions through cognitive and emotional routes. This review article also identifies several directions where further research is required, particularly with regard to social media, nonvisual aspects of nonverbal communication, the interplay of visual and verbal arguments, and the mechanisms behind the effects of nonverbal communication.
Cultural Diversity
Authors: Choi Eunjung , Keith Laura J.
Published: January 2017

Contemporary African-American classical composers Cedric Adderley, John Lane, and Trevor Weston intertwine strands of culture and individual experience to produce musical works whose distinct designs offer cultural resources that music educators can use to integrate diversity into instructional settings. Of special interest is their ability to combine traditional European styles and other musical styles, including jazz, gospel, and blues, in their music. The authors include recommendations for incorporating elements of these contemporary African-American–composed works into the curriculum.
Enhanced Learning for Young Music Students
Authors: Briscoe Diane
Published: January 2017

Factors that determine the rate of a child’s progress on a musical instrument include the quality, quantity, and regularity of home practice. Because a young pupil sometimes lacks the skills necessary to practice independently at times, music teachers could encourage and motivate parents/guardians to participate more fully in their child’s music education. Sandler and Hoover-Dempsey discovered a number of variables that seem to influence parents’ willingness to become more active in school-related activities. These findings provide music teachers with insights into how to motivate adults to become more involved in their child’s music lessons.
Conducting Expressively
Authors: Snyder Courtney
Published: January 2017

When expressivity (ignited by imagination) is incorporated into the learning process for both the conductor (teacher) and player (student), the qualities of movement, communication, instruction, and ensemble sound all change for the better, often with less work. Expressive conducting allows the conductor to feel more connected to the music and the players; it can also result in better ensemble sound. There are, however, inhibitors to expressive conducting that break down gestural communication, waste rehearsal time, inhibit creativity in performance, and influence ensemble sound for the worse. This article identifies seven misconceptions and offers practical solutions.
Personality Traits in Martial Artists: A Descriptive Approach
Authors: Rothpearl Allen
Published: January 2017

This paper reviews the findings of four studies of selected personality traits of martial artists. Item analysis was used for descriptive purposes and applied to responses to the Buss-Durkee Hostiliry Inventory used in one of them. This yielded suspicion as an active factor for 152 karate students. Groups at intermediate ranks showed a greater variety of hostile modes of expression than either beginner or advanced groups. Assault items were not popular in the group as a whole. Evidence supports both cathartic and circular theories of aggression. Internal validity of scales was determined. The implications of the findings are discussed and the possible contributing influence of physical activity, meditation, and self-defense are considered.
Attitudes toward Death-Related Choices
Authors: Crain Eric J. , Lester David
Published: January 2017

In 99 high school students, attitudes toward abortion, capital punishment, and suicide were not associated.
Some Psychometric Properties of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule among Australian Youth
Authors: Melvin Glenn A. , Molloy Geoffrey N.
Published: January 2017

The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) was designed to measure two independent or orthogonal dimensions of mood. The present study concerned selected psychometric characteristics of the schedule in a convenience sample of 237 Australian adolescents aged 12 to 18 years. The results were generally supportive of the schedule's reported psychometric properties and for its use across age and nationality.
Reply to Winston and Peters’ “On the Presentation and Interpretation of International Homicide Data…”
Authors: Whitney Glayde
Published: January 2017

The rationale not previously given for handling a data entry for the USA in a prior paper is carefully described, which makes clear the criticism leveled is not appropriate. Further, brief murder data were presented to illustrate “Brimelow's theory of emotional conditioning,” which suggests a strong taboo against consideration of any genetic contribution to differences among races.
Factors Associated with Spouses Moving away from their Military Installation during an Overseas Deployment
Authors: Schumm Walter R. , Bell D. Bruce , Knott Benjamin
Published: January 2017

During overseas deployments, many spouses and families move away from their initial military installation, usually to live with or near relatives. Relatively little has been known about those who move away even though the issue is of importance to the military because its support systems are designed on the assumption that family members are living in proximity to those support systems. The purpose of this research was to describe the characteristics of those who actually moved away during a deployment compared to those who stayed but wanted to leave and to those who stayed. Results generally fit a social exchange model of reasons for moving, staying, or wanting to move but staying. High stress appears to lead to a desire to move but other factors act as barriers or facilitators to actually moving. Military family support did not predict moving away or staying. Implications for military support services are discussed.
Features in Families and Family Relationships
Authors: Niederhofer H. , Staffen W. , Mair A.
Published: January 2017

Standardized assessment of family features is not used routinely, although these factors may play an important role in the course of children's psychological disorders. The present study investigated the association among relationships within the families of 115 healthy children ( M = 8.2 yr., SD = 2.13; 70 boys, 45 girls). 115 mothers and fathers were asked to complete a standardized questionnaire assessing the family features (Familienklima-Testsystem by Schneewind, et al.) and another asking for their estimation of emotional relationships of the members of the family (Subjektives Familianbild-Test System by Mattejat). Analysis showed that the parents’ ratings indicated significantly more empathic fathers as well as significantly more autonomous mothers in well-organized, conflict-free families. Our results indicate an association between families’ organization and measured scores for fathers’ empathy and mothers’ autonomy. Sufficient intrafamilial communication is associated with roles of the parents within the family. Psychotherapeutic interventions might focus on the families’ organization.
A Meta-Analytic Review of Treatment of Homosexuality
Authors: Byrd A. Dean , Nicolosi Joseph
Published: January 2017

This paper examined and synthesized studies of treatment of individuals identified as homosexual using meta-analytic technique. A large number of studies (146) evaluating treatment efficacy were identified, most published prior to 1975 and 14 of which met inclusion criteria and provided statistics that could be used in a meta-analysis. These 14 outcome studies were published between 1969 and 1982 and used primarily behavioral interventions. Analysis indicated that treatment for homosexuality was significantly more effective than alternative treatments or control groups for homosexuality (ES = .72), and significant differences were found across pre- to postanalysis (ES = .89). In other words, the average patient receiving treatment was better off than 79% of those in the alternative treatments or as compared to pretreatment scores on the several outcome measures. This meta-analysis of 14 studies provides empirical support for a group of 146 studies which have narratively suggested that treatment for homosexuality is effective. Variables related to treatment efficacy are examined.
Finno-Ugrians and Homicide
Authors: Kondrichin Sergei V. , Lester David
Published: January 2017

The percentage of Finno-Ugrians in the population in 30 European nations in 1990 was not associated with the national homicide rates.
Families, Schools, and Student Achievement Inequality
Authors: Tsai Shu-Ling , Smith Michael L. , Hauser Robert M.
Published: January 2017

This article examines inequality in different dimensions of student academic achievement (math, science, and reading) by family background and school context in three East Asian (Taiwan, Japan, and South Korea) and three Western (United States, Germany, and the Czech Republic) nations. Building on Hauser (2009), we develop a novel multiple-indicator multiple-cause (MIMIC) model with a two-level hierarchical linear modeling specification, which allows us to explicitly test whether the several academic achievement constructs respond similarly to variation in family background and variation among schools and countries. The two-level MIMIC model is specified in detail and applied to 2012 Programme for International Student Assessment data. The analysis reveals new empirical insights, such as substantive differences within countries in performance inequality by subject, particularly among East Asian countries. While the data do not support the view of a “virtuous” relationship between excellence and equity in education, nor do they lend strong support to a “vicious” relationship either.
Interpreting the history of the Workgroup on Constructive Theology
Authors: Wyman Jason A.
Published: January 2017

This article narrates and interprets the history of the Workgroup on Constructive Theology. Founded in 1975 at Vanderbilt University and composed of many of the most well-known and influential progressive Christian theologians in theology throughout its existence, the Workgroup has served as an organizational center for the development of constructive theology and a place where its key methodological and thematic proposals have been nurtured and propagated. Constructive theology acknowledges the constitutive discursive role theologians play in constructing Christianity, rather than supposing that theology describes an objective, external religious reality. It is interdisciplinary in its approach and is employed toward progressive, social justice ends. In order to understand the state of progressive Christian theology today and the direction it is heading, it is imperative to understand the rise and development of constructive theology as its own category, which is inextricably linked with the history of the Workgroup.
Book Review: Asha Hans, Disability, Gender and the Trajectories of Power
Authors: Dawn Ranjita
Published: January 2017

Asha Hans, Disability, Gender and the Trajectories of Power, New Delhi, SAGE Publications, 2015, 292 pp., ₹995, ISBN-13: 978-9351501237.
Epilepsy and Homicide: Issac Ray on Mitigation
Authors: Weiss Kenneth J.
Published: January 2017

In 1867, a gruesome murder stunned Philadelphia. The suspect, George Winnemore, a spiritualist with epilepsy and depression, knew the victim, a 63-year-old woman. With little time to prepare, his counsel claimed Winnemore did not commit the act; but if he did, he was insane, the product of chronic epilepsy. The trial, conviction and sentencing were swift, and Winnemore found himself on death row. There was little cogent expert testimony connecting Winnemore's medical condition to his behavior. Dr. Isaac Ray, the founder of American forensic psychiatry, became involved shortly before the scheduled execution. After examining the prisoner he petitioned the governor for a stay pending a complete medical examination—but to no avail. In this article, we see Ray's analysis of the case alongside newspaper accounts of the trial and the bizarre writings of the defendant from prison. The author reviews the history of the epilepsy-homicide connection from the nineteenth century to date and then underscores Ray's valuable advice in evaluating complex cases. Though little was known about the pathophysiology of epilepsy in Ray's time, it was clear to him that competent medical testimony was indicated in the Winnemore case, at least to mitigate the sentence.
Sex Offender Civil Commitment: Recommedations for Empirically Guided Evaluations
Authors: Jackson Rebecca L.
Published: January 2017

Evaluations of sex offenders in the context of civil commitment occur both pre- and post-commitment. Pre-commitment evaluations must address the relevant prongs of the state's civil commitment statute including the presence of a mental disorder or abnormality, likelihood of future sexual violence, and the volitional link between the two. Post-commitment evaluations must assess treatment progress and readiness for release. A thorough understanding of assessment and diagnostic issues relating to sexual offender civil commitment are essential in conducting both pre- and post-commitment evaluations. The high stakes nature of sex offender civil commitment demands rigorous and empirically based evaluations.
Avoiding Garbage 3: Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting Criminal Histories in Sexually Violent Predator Evaluations
Authors: DeClue Gregory
Published: January 2017

At probable cause hearings in cases involving the civil commitment of a person as a sexually violent predator (SVP), judges consider evidence, likely including one or more reports from an evaluating psychologist or psychiatrist. At least in Florida, judges rely on the evaluators' reports as accurate sources for the person's criminal history, including his history of sex-offense convictions. But the evaluators' reports are not consistently accurate regarding criminal history, and no one in the process is demanding accuracy or questioning the “facts” included in the reports. Recommendations are made for evaluators, state programs, attorneys for respondents, state attorneys, and judges.
Ethics in Forensic Psychiatry: Re-Imagining the Wasteland after 25 Years
Authors: Stone Alan A. , Maccourt Duncan C.
Published: January 2017

Professor Stone revisits the landscape of forensic ethics first addressed two decades ago both in a presentation to American Academy of Psychiatry and Law and in his book, Law, Psychiatry and Morality. While at present there exists no uniform ethical guideline, forensic psychiatrists now have many options for moral guidance in the courtroom, and this situation is the beginning of ethical development for the profession.