bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization and identification of elemental sulphur, iron pyrite, mineral gypsum, phospho gypsum and marine gypsum using SEM-EDAX
Authors: Janaki D , Gunavathi P , Balasubramaniam P , Alagesan A
Published: January 2025

India has 6.73 million ha of salt-affected soils, of which 3.77 million ha is sodic soil. Sodicity is a serious issue in agriculture, and it prevents to meet the properties of fertile soil. Sodicity alters its physical and chemical properties, including soil structure and hydraulic conductivity. High exchangeable sodium and pH decrease soil permeability, available water capacity and infiltration rates through swelling and dispersion of clays as well as slaking of soil aggregates. Gypsum is one of the sources used for sodic soil reclamation, and the cheaper and alternative source is marine gypsum which is recovered from salt pans during production of common salt in coastal region, particularly in Gujarat and Tamil Nadu. The recovery of by-product gypsum and marine gypsum together is substantial and is comparable with the production of mineral gypsum.The amendments generally used for sodic soil reclamation should be a source of sulphates such as elemental sulphur, iron pyrite, mineral gypsum, phospho gypsum and marine gypsum. Characterization of sources by SEM–EDAX is rapid and elementary. The elemental composition revealed by the spectra of the bentonite sulphur for weight percentage and atomic percentage of sulphur is quantified as 34.04% and 18.59%, respectively, in the ZAF matrix. In iron pyrite spectra the weight percentage and atomic percentage of sulphur are 4.89% and 2.31%,respectively, in the ZAF matrix, while in mineral gypsum, the calcium weight percentage is 10.14% and atomic percentage is 04.04% while sulphur weight percentage is 6.52%, atomic percentage is 3.50%. The calcium composition in phosphogypsum is weight percentage is 14.69%; Atomic percentage is 34%, and the sulphur composition in phosphogypsum is weight percentage 10.40%, atomic percentage 5.60%, whereas in marine gypsum the calcium (weight percentage 09.10%, atomic percentage 03.58%) and sulphur (weight percentage 06.28%, atomic percentage 03.09%) proportions dominate as like two other above-mentioned gypsums, the element which makes difference in the marine gypsum from others is sodium (Weight percentage 00.18%, atomic percentage 00.12%). This helps to confirm that marine gypsum is an economic and alternate source available for sodic soil reclamation.
Blockchain technology in agriculture: Ensuring transparency and traceability in the food supply chain
Authors: Vignesh B , Chandrakumar M , Divya K , Prahadeeswaran M , Vanitha G
Published: January 2025

The study explores the transformative role of blockchain technology in enhancing transparency and traceability within the agricultural food supply chain. By leveraging blockchain's inherent characteristics of decentralization, immutability, and security, stakeholders can significantly improve information sharing and visibility from farm to consumer. The study delves into how blockchain addresses longstanding transparency and traceability issues that have plagued the agricultural sector. Real-world examples illustrate blockchain's successful application in agriculture, showcasing its capacity to boost transparency, operational efficiency, and trust among supply chain participants. These case studies demonstrate how blockchain creates tamper-proof records, enhances end-to-end visibility, and provides reliable, real time data. The technology's potential to combat fraud, promote sustainability, and ensure product authenticity is also explored. Furthermore, the research investigates blockchain's impact on food safety, particularly when integrated with Internet of Things (IoT) devices and smart contracts. These synergies enable automated, secure data collection and the execution of predefined agreements, further streamlining supply chain processes. Successful implementations across various areas of supply chain management, including logistics, inventory tracking, and quality control, are highlighted to demonstrate the practical benefits of blockchain adoption. By providing an in-depth analysis of blockchain's potential, this study underscores its pivotal role in building consumer trust regarding food safety, quality, and origin. The research concludes by discussing the challenges and opportunities for widespread blockchain adoption in agriculture, offering insights into its future trajectory and potential to revolutionize the global food supply chain.
Effect of plant growth regulators for yield enhancement in finger millet under drought stress
Authors: Sritharan N , Surendar K K , Nithila S , Tamilselvi C , Anitha R , Krishnakumar S , Kumar G S , Sumathi A , Prasad V B R
Published: January 2025

Finger millet (Ragi) is considered as wonder millet because of its high nutritive and therapeutic values. Drought is a major abiotic stress which limits the crop production and yield potential of finger millet. Considering the yield losses faced by the farmers during drought condition, foliar application of plant growth regulators (PGRs) is widely used to improve the physiological response that might lead to rapid changes in phenotype of the plant and enhancing the production of crops. Finger millet is less efficient in partitioning of assimilates and has low actual yield potential even as a C4 crop. To address these issues, experiments were conducted for improving the partitioning efficiency and yield. Hence, an experiment was conducted to mitigate the drought in finger millet through PGRs. The stress was imposed during flowering stage in the finger millet variety CO15 where different kinds of PGRs viz., Brassinosteroid, Salicylic acid and Chlormequat chloride were used in this experiment. After imposing the treatments, physiological, biochemical and yield traits were recorded. Foliar spray of 0.3 ppm brassinosteroid and 100 ppm salicylic acid exhibited superior performance for improving the osmotic potential, reduces the membrane lipid damage, better chlorophyll pigments, nitrate reductase activity and improved antioxidant system which leads to mitigate the negative impacts of drought in finger millet.
Enhancement of thiodicarb efficacy using synergists and role of carboxylesterase in potentiation of synergistic activity in brinjal fruit and shoot borer (Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee)
Authors: Pasayat B , Tripathy M K
Published: January 2025

The primary cause of low productivity in brinjal is the infestation by the fruit and shoot borer and field control failure is due to the evolution of insecticide resistance. In the current study, an investigation has been carried out in bimonthly intervals from Nov-2021 to Sept-2022 to assess the efficacy of some selected synergists with a carbamate, thiodicarb and the role of carboxylesterase enzyme in imparting insecticide resistance in Brinjal fruit and shoot borer from two locations of Odisha, Bhubaneswar and Bargarh. Out of all the synergists tested in the topical bioassay method, propargyl-oxy-phthalimide (PP) being a member of esterase hydrolase inhibitor group provided remarkable SR ratio (10.78) during May- 2022 in the Bhubaneswar population while that of Bargarh population indicated comparatively higher value (12.68) indicating efficacy of the synergist lowering the dose of thiodicarb to 1.464 µg/µl compared to 18.564 µg/µl when thiodicarb alone is used. This can be related to enhanced levels of detoxifying enzyme, Carboxylesterase in Bhubaneswar during May 2022 (4.52-fold) and Bargarh (5.36-fold) population compared to laboratory-reared susceptible population revealing the role of carboxylesterase enzyme in detoxification mechanism behind the efficacy of the synergists. This study highlights the importance of synergists like PP and Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) and suggests their inclusion in the existing pest management strategies of L. orbonalis in a wider agricultural area they reduce doses of insecticides and hence reduce impact on the environment which can lead to sustainable agriculture.
Gartner Cyst Associated with Renal Agenesis and Mullerian Malformation: A Case Report
Authors:   Resident Fourth Grade Gyn-Obst, Clinic App Issste Mérida Susulá Commissary, Uady (Universidad Autónoma De Yucatán) Medical School, Cachon-Alpuche Juan Carlos
Published: January 2025

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Cardiac Hydatid Cyst and Rhythm Disorders: Unusual Manifestations of a Rare Disease
Authors:   Cardiology Department - ERRAZI Hospital - Mohammed VI University Hospital, Marrakech, Zerhoudi Rim
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Hydatid cyst is a parasitic disease endemic in various regions of the world. Pulmonary and hepatic involvement are the most described lesions. Cardiac localization remains rare, accounting for only 0.5 to 2% of all cases [1]. The aim of our study was to present a rare case in which a hydatid cyst was diagnosed following an episode of ventricular tachycardia. Case report: We report the case of a 49-year-old patient with no modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, presenting with sudden-onset palpitations lasting 24 hours prior to admission, accompanied by NYHA class II dyspnea on exertion. Clinical examination revealed a hemodynamically and respiratory stable patient, without signs of heart failure. The admission ECG showed epicardial ventricular tachycardia (180 bpm, wide QRS at 206 ms, right-axis deviation, and TV score = 4). After vagal maneuvers and adenosine failed, intravenous amiodarone successfully achieved pharmacological cardioversion. Post-cardioversion ECG revealed sinus rhythm with negative T waves in lateral leads. Transthoracic echocardiography identified a probable extracardiac mass (88 × 24 mm) near the left ventricle and atrium, with preserved cardiac function and no pericardial effusion. Thoracic CT confirmed extracavitary cystic formations, including an intramyocardial cyst suggestive of hydatid cysts. Biological tests, including hydatid serology, were negative, and extension imaging (chest X-ray and abdominal ultrasound) found no anomalies. Cardiac MRI confirmed three calcified cystic masses: a 63 × 27 mm intramyocardial mass near the lateral LV wall, a 14 × 12 mm pericardial cyst, and a 7 × 6 mm epicardial cyst, all consistent with hydatid cysts. The patient declined any surgical intervention and was placed on medical therapy comprising Albendazole and Cordarone for rhythm control. The clinical course was complicated by the occurrence of electrical storm, ultimately leading to the patient's death. Discussion et Conclusion: Cardiac hydatid cysts are a rare condition with diverse clinical manifestations but potentially serious outcomes. The diagnosis is significantly facilitated using echocardiography. In the absence of truly effective therapeutic alternatives, cystectomy and pericystectomy, performed with or without obliteration of the residual cavity, remain the only surgical interventions offering a chance for recovery with an acceptable morbidity and mortality rate.
Assessment of Anxiety and Hemodynamic Changes Pre and Post-Oral Implant Surgery
Authors:   National University of Colombia and UNICIEO University Foundation, De Romero Beatriz Cepeda
Published: January 2025

Dental anxiety is the fifth most common cause of anxiety. Patient anxiety is observed in situations involving anesthetic injections, use of rotary instruments. Local anesthetics are used in conjunction with vasoconstrictors, to prolong their action at the applied site and prevent dissemination to the bloodstream and the presence of multisystemic adverse reactions.. Method: Clinical, observational, analytical research longitudinal cohort with minimal risk. It shows 40 patients with voluntary participation, over 18 years of age, healthy use of articaine 4% with epinephrine 1:100,000. Pre-anesthesia: assessment of the degree of anxiety using the Modified Corah Dental Anxiety Scale. Blood pressure and heart rate in three stages: pre-anesthesia, 10 minutes post-anesthesia and at the end of the surgical procedure using a digital blood pressure monitor (SCANMED)® and the percentage of oxygen saturation with oximeter (OMRON).® Results: Mean age 56.7 ± 13.1 years, women 26 (65%), men 14 (35%); no pre-existing diseases (60%),. Surgical time (2 hours and 15 minutes). The most commonly used type of surgery is of medium complejidad.In the three times evaluated by the Cochrane Q test, there was a significant difference in the values of systolic pressure (P=0.001), diastolic pressure (P=0.037), Heart rate variations (P=0.660). and moderate anxiety 16 (40%) were present using the Modified Corah Dental Anxiety Scale.Conclusion: Older adults with dental implant surgery presented mild or moderate anxiety, without significant changes in blood pressure and oxygen saturation, 10 minutes after the administration of local anesthesia and at the end of the surgical procedure.
Spotlighting Nigeria's New Health Agenda: A Case Study on the Alignment of Global Health Initiatives with National Health Priorities Through the SRMNCAEH+N Lens
Authors:   GemHub Initiative, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria, Pitan Oyeyemi
Published: January 2025

Background: Alignment of global health initiatives (GHIs) with national health priorities is crucial for effective and sustainable healthcare interventions and strengthening health systems. Despite widespread recognition of this need, achieving alignment between GHIs and national priorities has proven challenging. The importance of addressing this challenge has led to a growing focus on GHIs alignment, evident in forums such as the Paris Conference in 2015 and the Lusaka Agenda in 2023. As Nigeria embarks on a new mid-term health agenda based on the sector-wide approach (SWAp), understanding the country-level implications of alignment becomes paramount. Method: This study utilized qualitative research methods to examine the issues affecting GHI alignment within the context of the sexual, reproductive, maternal, neonatal, adolescent, elderly, nutrition health plus nutrition (SRMNCAEH+N) program. Through 24 interviews and focus group discussions with key stakeholders including government officials, representatives of global health institutions, civil society actors, health workers, and community members, this research identified and validated six critical issues influencing GHI alignment at the country level. Result: The findings shed light on current practices, challenges, and recommendations, highlighting Nigeria's readiness to implement the new health agenda and SWAp effectively. The research identified and validated six critical issues influencing GHI alignment at the country level through the perspectives of diverse stakeholders. Conclusion: The paper underscores the importance of extensive stakeholder involvement, including communities, in achieving optimal alignment between GHIs and national health priorities. The study's insights into the alignment dimensions of Nigeria’s SRMNCAEH+N program reveal key areas for improvement and collaboration, essential for the successful implementation of Nigeria's new health agenda.
Perioperative Acute Renal Failure at Chu-Kara
Authors:   Université de Kara, Mouzou Essohanam ,   département de médecine en spécialités médicales
Published: January 2025

The aim of this study was to take stock of perioperative acute renal failure (ARF) in intensive care at Kara University Hospital. This was a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study of the records of patients with renal failure in the surgical intensive care unit of Kara University Hospital from 1 January 2021 to 31 December 2023. The parameters studied were: epidemiological, diagnostic, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects. Results: 94 cases of ARF were studied, with a frequency of 2.11%. The average age of the patients was 45.65 ± 20.02 years. The most common age group was elderly patients aged 60 and over. The sex ratio was 4.7. The majority of patients were rural (71.30%). The most common type of ARF was functional ARF (76%), followed by obstructive ARF (18%). Digestive surgery was the most common in 60.63% of cases, followed by uronephrological surgery (19.1%) and traumatological surgery (11.7%). General anaesthesia was most common, accounting for 85.10% of cases. The average length of stay in intensive care was 4.25 ±6.42 days. Complications accounted for 40.42% of cases, dominated by infections and hyperkalaemia. Management was associated with a high mortality rate of 31.91%. Conclusion: Perioperative ARF was the result of a combination of numerous factors related to the patient's condition, delay in consultation, type of surgery, precarious haemodynamic events and perioperative infections. Management of perioperative acute renal failure is primarily preventive and aetiological.
Health Interventions for Health Promotion in Sub-Saharan Africa: Assessing Impact on Health Literacy and Comparative Analysis of Online Communication Channels
Authors:   University of Manchester, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Ogweno Stephen
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Considering the increased incidence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and the need for novel approaches to health promotion, this study investigates the feasibility of cross-country mHealth interventions in Sub-Saharan Africa. The study, which focuses on using digital platforms for health communication, intends to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of cross-country mhealth interventions aimed at disseminating health promotion materials in Sub-Saharan Africa across various platforms. The study is based on the NCDs 365 project, a year-long health promotion initiative in five nations aimed at promoting NCD literacy. Methodology: The study utilized a multi-stage sample technique, including an intentional selection of five nations (Cameroon, Kenya, Nigeria, Uganda, and Zimbabwe) with active local partner organizations conducting the initiative. The following stage was convenience sampling of members of these organizations who participated in the NCD365 project activities. Data gathering included the distribution of questionnaires via local partners, followed by thorough analysis using descriptive techniques and comparison tests such as ANOVA and the Kruskal-Wallis test. The extensive methodology ensured a broad and representative sample, which increased the findings' validity and generalizability. Results: The findings demonstrated the potential of mHealth interventions to close health literacy gaps and promote positive health behaviors throughout Sub-Saharan Africa. According to an analysis of online communication platform usage, WhatsApp was the most popular (58.6%), followed by X (20.8%) and Facebook (6.8%). The study also found significant trends in platform preference across all five countries. Furthermore, gender-specific study indicated comparable literacy rates, with males slightly outperforming females. The Kruskal-Wallis test found no significant difference in the efficacy of various online communication channels for health promotion, confirming the viability of cross-country mHealth programs. Conclusions: This study highlights the significant potential of cross-country mHealth interventions for health promotion in Sub-Saharan Africa. The study's strong methodology, agreement with current research, and gender-specific analysis add to its dependability and credibility. The findings of this analysis provide significant recommendations to policymakers seeking to optimize platform-specific policies and stimulate cross-country collaborations in health promotion. Finally, these findings expand the discussion on health literacy promotion and establish the groundwork for evidence-based recommendations that might drive effective health communication initiatives in the region and beyond.
Factors Reducing Pressure Ulcer Risk and the Importance of Care in ALS Patients: A Comprehensive Review
Authors:   Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan, Inoue Yuriko , Tanaka Mikako ,   Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Kanagawa, Japan, Ezure Hiromitsu ,   Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan, Ito Junji ,   School of Nursing and Rehabilitation Sciences, Showa University Department of Nursing, Kanagawa, Japan, Sasaki Akiko ,   Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan, Takaki Takashi ,   Center for Electron Microscopy, Showa University School, Tokyo, Japan, Hata Harumi ,   Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo Heisei University, Tokyo, Japan, Takayanagi Masaaki ,   Masaaki Takayanagi, Center for University-wide Education, Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama, Japan, Otsuka Naruhito ,   Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
Published: January 2025

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by muscle atrophy, weakness, and loss of motor function. ALS patients are often bedridden for extended periods, increasing their risk of pressure ulcers. However, clinical data suggests that the incidence of pressure ulcers in ALS patients is lower compared to other bedridden patients. This review analyzes the factors contributing to reduced pressure ulcer risk in ALS patients, focusing on "pressure redistribution due to muscle atrophy," "stabilized postures caused by joint contractures," and "comprehensive care provided by caregivers." Additionally, this paper discusses a comprehensive approach to pressure ulcer prevention, including nutritional management, skincare, pressure redistribution techniques, and advanced technologies. Challenges in pressure ulcer prevention and the importance of ALS-specific care are also emphasized.
Paediatric Traumatic Endophthalmitis in Western India: A Study of Clinical Presentation, Management, and Treatment Outcomes
Authors:   Drashti Netralaya, Dahod, Gujarat, India, Shah Shreya
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Endophthalmitis is a devastating sight-threatening condition following open globe injury. The study aims to determine the rate of endophthalmitis and assess risk factors for the development of endophthalmitis following open globe injury (OGI). Methods: A retrospective review of all children treated for OGI at the Drashti Netralaya from January 2008 to December 2022 was conducted according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The main outcome measures were the rate of endophthalmitis, different variables, and visual outcome. Result: In this study, 53/1551 (3.42%) eyes had endophthalmitis. Cross-tabulation and descriptive analyses identified presenting vision (0.012), corneal condition (0.009), vitreous opacities (0.000), and age group (0.003) as high-risk factors of developing endophthalmitis. The type of interventions and subconjunctival antibiotic injection at the time of globe closure (0.011) was associated with a decreased risk of developing endophthalmitis. Conclusion: Careful aggressive management according to clinical findings, has a statistically significant impact on the visual outcome even in the pediatric age group.
Central Airway Obstruction: Diagnostic Challenges and Management Strategies in Subglottic Stenosis and Poly Chondrites with Case Studies
Authors:   Garden City Clinic (GCC), Johannesburg, South Africa, Bulbulia B A , Ahmed M R ,   Garden City Clinic (GCC), Johannesburg, South Africa
Published: January 2025

Tumours or strictures compressing the trachea /bronchial tree cause central airway obstruction (CAO). Subglottic stenosis are a cause of respiratory symptoms and distress. Idiopathic sub glottic stenosis (ISGS) is a rare disease occurring mainly in women and has a history of recurrences. Endoscopic laser microsurgery and balloon dilatation are used in the management of strictures. Recurring strictures may require tracheoplasty. Poly chondrites is a rare disorder causing poly arthritis and inflammation of cartilaginous tissue. Inflammatory changes in the lung cause tracheobronchomalacia (TBM) and lung collapse. Relapsing polychondritis (RP) effecting the airway is life threatening as there is dynamic airway closure during expiration. The medical therapy in RP includes steroids, disease modifying agents ( methotrexate) and biologics. Surgical interventions include tracheostomies and tracheobronchial stents for severe forms of the illness.
Artificial Intelligence Can Assist the Homeopath, But It Cannot Replace Him: Listening to a Doctor is Different from Listening to a Robot
Authors:   President of the T.&L. de Beaumont Bonelli for Cancer Research, Naples, Italy, Tarro Giulio
Published: January 2025

Homeopathy is a clinical methodology discovered about two centuries ago by the Saxon doctor Samuale Hahnemann, it is based on the law of similarities and treats the individual with a "small dose" of a specific substance that, in "high doses" would make him sick. The infinitesimal homeopathic doses are prescribed after a long medical visit during which the homeopath listens carefully to the patient's narrative, takes into account the smallest narrative details, evaluates every kind of disorder accused by the patient and, based on the law of similarities, prescribes the appropriate, personalized, individualized homeopathic therapy. The attention paid to the patient, and not only to the disease, makes the narrative medical approach of classical homeopathy typical, which takes into account global, physical, mental and existential suffering. Listening homeopathically, therefore, means expanding listening based on a clear and precise motivation aimed at humanly understanding the overall meaning of pain. Generative AI, not having an internal motivation, is different from natural and human intelligence, that's why the natural and well-motivated listening of a homeopath is very different from the artificial and unmotivated listening of a robot. To establish a natural and human relationship with the patient, one must listen naturally and humanely, but this does not exclude that the good use of artificial intelligence, in homeopathy, can prove extremely useful.
Proinflammatory TNF Alfa TNF Beta, Interleukin 6, Anti-inflammatory Interleukin 10 Cytokines and the Associated Cytokine Imbalance in the Specific Immune Primed Rabbit Models with Streptococcus Pneumonia Serotype 1 and Serotype 6 Capsules
Authors:   Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, AL-Qasim Green University, Babylon/IRAQ and College of Nursing, University of Hilla, Babylon/IRAQ, Shnawa Ibrahim M S
Published: January 2025

The capsular polysaccharide Type 1 and type 6 of the human clinical local pneumotropic isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae were separated, characterized and purified. Then quantified to concentrations of 1 mg/ml. To be ready as immunogens they were admixed with an equal volume of lanline. These were standing as the test immunogens. The test immune system was that of rabbits. The test rabbit groups were assigned as C 1 group,C6 group and saline S control group each of five animals. The test rabbit groups C 1 and C6 were primed once through intramuscular route separately with capsule-lanoline mixtures and left for 21 days, then bleed. Sera were saved from the primed rabbits blood samples in 0.5 ml aliqoutes till use. Trachial mucosal immunoglobulin were separated, partially characterized and kept in alqoutes of 0.5 amounts in forml normal saline till use. One step sandawich eliza technique for TNF alfa, TNF beta, IL6 and IL10 were performed for both sera and mucosal globuilin of the primed rabbits and controls. The immune features of the capsule-lanline primed rabbits were found as; capsules were weak immunogen needs adjuvant in order to become good immunogen, cytokine responses were serotype dependent, mucosal cytokines have shown to be of higher levels than systemic responses, C1 was higher immune convertor than C 6, and both associated with cytokine imbalance towards pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Mitochondrial Dysfunction as a Therapeutic Target in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Progress and Prospects
Authors: Zhang Feng , Li Zhuqing , Wang Yanxin , Li Chao , Lu Chengzhi
Published: January 2025

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a specific type of cardiomyopathy that is independent of hypertension and coronary artery disease, and is closely associated with the high incidence and mortality of heart failure in people with diabetes. DCM causes microvascular disease, myocardial metabolic disorder, and myocardial fibrosis, thereby leading to left ventricular remodeling, diastolic and/or systolic dysfunction, and eventually progressing to congestive heart failure. Recent studies have highlighted the crucial roles of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of DCM, including aspects such as glucose-lipid metabolic disorder, oxidative stress damage, calcium regulation disorder, respiratory chain uncoupling, kinetic imbalance, and mitochondrial DNA damage. Increasing numbers of targets and drugs are being identified to ameliorate mitochondrial dysfunction and consequently slow DCM progression. This article reviews the newly identified targets and drugs in the past decade, to provide new insights for DCM prevention and treatment.
The Role of Generative AI in Shaping Human Rights and Gender Equity: A Critical Analysis
Authors: Bangun Rizky , Fikri Sultoni
Published: January 2025

This research aims to explore the dual role of generative AI technology in supporting human rights activism and gender equality. The primary issue addressed is how AI can empower individuals and organizations in advocating for human rights, while also posing risks such as the spread of misinformation and the perpetuation of bias. The methods used include case study analysis and literature review to understand the impact of AI in social and political contexts. The urgency of this research lies in the pressing need to develop ethical frameworks that safeguard human rights amid rapid technological advancements. The novelty of this study stems from its interdisciplinary approach, combining technology, human rights, and gender equality, while highlighting the philosophical and ethical challenges that arise alongside AI development. The findings of the research indicate that AI holds significant potential to enhance the visibility of human rights issues through more effective social media campaigns and compelling data presentation. However, the study also identifies substantial risks, including information manipulation and biases that could harm certain groups. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of creating strategies that maximize the benefits of AI while minimizing its risks. Thus, this research contributes to efforts to create an AI-driven future that not only supports human rights but also promotes gender equality, and it encourages further discussions about the boundaries between humans and machines in the context of these rights.
Right-to-Repair, Product Durability and Obsolescence: A Legal Perspective
Authors: Smith Robert Brian , Smith Nucharee Nuchkoom
Published: January 2025

There is a growing global consensus on the need to enhance product durability as a response to increasing concerns about waste and consumer rights. Modern equipment, including motor vehicles, farm and construction machinery, and consumer goods, has become more sophisticated, making repairs more complex and costly. Manufacturers often restrict access to repair manuals, software updates, and spare parts, or design products in ways that impede easy repair. This article examines the interconnected concepts of the right to repair, product durability, obsolescence, and consumer rights protection. The European Union (EU) has emerged as a leader in consumer protection initiatives, introducing comprehensive measures addressing the right to repair and product durability. These initiatives have been widely adopted, either fully or partially, by nations across the globe. This study analyzes the EU's key legislative and regulatory approaches, concluding that they are highly consumer-centric and provide a valuable framework for other jurisdictions. However, one critical area requiring further attention is product recycling. The article emphasizes that manufacturers, sellers, and recycling companies should be held accountable for managing their waste domestically, adhering to the highest workplace safety and environmental standards. Governments are encouraged to promote the reuse of products and establish systems that facilitate repair and reuse activities. Additionally, the authors advocate for an expanded research program to enable large-scale industrial recycling of consumer waste, ensuring a more sustainable and circular economy. This study highlights the importance of a holistic approach to addressing product durability and repairability, advancing global consumer and environmental interests.
Breaking the Chains of Paper: Pioneering Electronic Notary Protocol Storage as the Dawn of a New Era in National Notarial Law
Authors: Mannas Yussy Adelina , Fendri Azmi , Baroto Wisnhu Agung
Published: January 2025

The Notary Protocol is a collection of documents constituting state archives that must be preserved and maintained by notaries in accordance with statutory provisions. Currently, the storage of notary protocols as state archives is predominantly conducted through conventional means, relying on paper-based media and manual handling. This traditional approach is fraught with several challenges, including vulnerability to loss and damage over time, the need for extensive physical storage space due to the increasing volume of archives, inefficiencies in document retrieval, and ineffective distribution of documents across organizational units and personnel. These limitations underscore the weaknesses of conventional archive management. Law Number 43 of 2009 on Archives permits the creation and storage of archives in various forms, including electronic media, thereby providing a legal basis for digital archiving. However, the existing regulatory framework governing notarial practices, particularly the Law on Notary Positions, does not explicitly address the electronic storage of notary protocols. This regulatory gap necessitates an analysis of the legal certainty surrounding the electronic archiving of notary protocols. Transitioning to electronic storage aligns with the demands of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0) and Society 5.0, which emphasize digitalization and technological integration. This study explores the feasibility and legal implications of adopting electronic storage for notary protocols, aiming to enhance efficiency, security, and accessibility in the management of state archives.
Reconstruction of Intersection the Customary Court and State Criminal Court for Indigenous Communities in Papua
Authors: Suhariyanto Budi , Mulyadi Lilik , Afandi Fachrizal , Muhammad S.R.P. Sri Gilang
Published: January 2025

The Law on Special Autonomy for Papua Province grants the Customary Court the authority to adjudicate criminal cases involving indigenous Papuans. Parties dissatisfied with the decisions of the Customary Court may appeal to the State Court. However, conflicts arise when the formal criminal justice system intervenes before the customary resolution process is completed, creating jurisdictional clashes. This raises the question of how to harmonize the relationship between these two judicial systems in a manner that fosters accommodation rather than resistance. This study employs both document analysis and field research, including interviews with law enforcement officials, judges, academics, and traditional leaders in Jayapura and Manokwari. The findings reveal that the intersection between the Customary Court and the State Court is inevitable, as the subject matter, object, and principles of criminal responsibility overlap between the two systems. To mitigate conflicts, a reconstruction of the interaction between Customary Courts and State Courts is essential, particularly in the adjudication of criminal cases involving customary law communities. Key strategies include fostering synergy and aligning perceptions between the apparatus of the Customary and State Courts. Additionally, the development of comprehensive guidelines for handling customary crime cases is crucial. Such guidelines would provide judges operating within Papua’s jurisdiction with a clear framework for considering customary law, thereby promoting integration and mutual respect between the two judicial systems. This approach aims to ensure that both customary and state legal traditions coexist harmoniously within the context of Papua’s special autonomy.
Manipulation of Legal Regulations in Commodification of Organ Transplants: Indonesia Perspective
Authors: Bakhtiar Handar Subhandi , Maddussila Samsu Alam
Published: January 2025

Organ transplantation serves as a critical solution for patients in need of organ donors. However, the pressing demand for organs, coupled with donors' economic hardships, has raised concerns about organ transplants being conducted for commercial purposes. This study aims to analyze the legal framework governing organ transplantation and explore the practices observed within society. Using secondary data comprising legislation, scholarly articles, scientific research, and online news reports, this study identifies significant inconsistencies and potential ambiguities within the regulatory framework. Current legal provisions stipulate that organ transplants must be conducted solely for humanitarian purposes and explicitly prohibit commercialization. Yet, government regulations create a loophole by allowing donors to receive awards, which could be exploited for commercial gains. To prevent the commercialization of organ transplants, it is essential to ensure that the relationship between donors and recipients is based on familial or kinship ties. Such relationships foster the principles of voluntariness and altruism, which are central to ethically sound transplantation practices. Strengthening the legal framework to eliminate ambiguities and promoting public awareness about ethical transplantation practices are imperative steps to uphold the integrity of organ donation and transplantation. This study underscores the importance of aligning regulatory frameworks with ethical principles to address the challenges posed by commercialization while ensuring equitable access to life-saving organ transplants.
Rebuilding Justice: Reimagining Housemaid Protection through the Lens of Human Rights
Authors: Yetniwati Yetniwati , Hartati Hartati , Zulkarnain Iskandar , Kunarti Siti , Fatricia Raja Sharah
Published: January 2025

This paper aims to explain and evaluate the safeguarding of housemaids as a human rights issue, the types of legal safeguards available to them, and the establishment of oversight mechanisms governing the interaction between housemaids and their employers. The need for robust protection arises from the current absence of comprehensive legal frameworks in Indonesia to ensure their rights are upheld. In response, a Draft Bill concerning the Protection of Housemaids is under review as part of the 2023 National Legislation Program (Proglenas), and this paper aims to contribute to the legislative process. Using a normative juridical approach, the research finds that protecting housemaids is a critical step in fulfilling human rights, as acts of abuse and physical violence against them are severe violations. Legal safeguards for housemaids encompass preventive measures such as regulating recruitment processes, employment contracts, working hours, rest periods, leave, wages, overtime pay, and participation in health and work accident insurance programs. Additionally, employer-provided housing must meet health and safety standards. A human rights-based approach to managing work conditions is essential for fostering a harmonious relationship between housemaids and employers. Repressive protection includes mechanisms for resolving disputes, both through non-litigation and litigation methods. Effective legal oversight is vital, which can be conducted routinely by labor agencies and supplemented with online supervision tools, such as a complaint application. This application would allow housemaids and employers to submit complaints, integrated with supervisory staff at the labor department. The conclusion emphasizes that the legal protection of housemaids should be firmly rooted in human rights principles to ensure comprehensive and effective safeguards.
Cracking the Code: Investigating the Hunt for Crypto Assets in Money Laundering Cases in Indonesia
Authors: Nelson Febby Mutiara , Prosperiani Maria Dianita , Ramadhan Choky Risda , Andini Priska Putri
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to investigate the use of digital information and communication technology in the form of crypto assets as proceeds of crime in money laundering action, due to the multi-layered security of the blockchain. This phenomenon was presented on a global scale in transnational crimes, providing challenges for Indonesian law enforcement officials in hunting the crypto assets scattered outside its legal jurisdiction. The results showed that Police Investigators and General Prosecutors utilizing penal and non-penal approaches in performing the crypto assets tracing, seizing and recovering, which shows the importance of maintaining formal and informal cooperation with other countries through the Financial Intelligence Units (FIUs) and Interpol, besides developing domestic regulations in controlling the crypto assets physical trading. Due to legal uncertainty of storing and releasing crypto assets, the investigators and the prosecutors faced disagreement in determine the procedures, which then affected the asset recovery process of Indra Kesuma case. This study proposed potential models for effective management on confiscated crypto assets that law enforcement officials could adopt in recovering these assets such as seizure orders, confiscation orders, and pre-confiscation sale. This was a legal study conducted by collecting data through literature reviews and interviews.
Breaking the Cycle of Injustice: Revolutionizing Human Rights Violations Resolution Through the 1945 Constitution
Authors: Amancik Amancik , Saifulloh Putra Perdana Ahmad , Masyhar Ali , Nur Asrul Ibrahim , Barus Sonia Ivana
Published: January 2025

The stagnation of human rights enforcement in Indonesia's Reformation Era has highlighted a critical imbalance: the current system prioritizes punishing perpetrators of serious human rights violations over addressing the recovery and well-being of victims. This research introduces The Constitution of Peace as a transformative, victim-centered model for resolving serious human rights violations outside the courtroom, aligning with the principles and soul of the 1945 Constitution. The proposed model comprises three innovative approaches: first, mediation facilitated by the National Human Rights Commission to foster dialogue and accountability; second, the provision of compensation, restitution, and assistance to victims through the Witness and Victim Protection Agency, ensuring tangible support for recovery; and third, an official apology by the relevant authority, accompanied by the fulfillment of economic, social, and culpability obligations. Together, these measures aim to correct the limitations of the current retributive framework by prioritizing restorative justice and victim empowerment. By embracing these victim-oriented solutions, this model not only addresses the legal and moral obligations enshrined in the 1945 Constitution but also fosters reconciliation and societal healing. The research underscores the transformative potential of the Constitution as a foundation for peace, justice, and the resolution of entrenched human rights challenges. It calls for a paradigm shift from punitive measures to a more holistic approach, ensuring that justice serves both the dignity of victims and the broader goal of national harmony.
Change of Mechanical Properties of Bars in the Process of Deformation by Combined Method
Authors:   Karaganda Industrial University, Republic Ave. 30, 101400 Temirtau, Kazakhstan, Volokitina I. E. , Volokitin A. V. ,   Karaganda Industrial University, Republic Ave. 30, 101400 Temirtau, Kazakhstan
Published: January 2025

A new combined deformation technology combining radial-shear broaching and drawing technology is developed in this work, which makes it possible to improve the mechanical and operational properties of carbon-steel bars. As a result, during three straining cycles, the average value of microhardness in the central zone is of 2085 MPa, in the neutral zone, it is of 2505 MPa, and in the surface zone, it is of 2915 MPa. In addition, the strength properties are increased by almost 2 times, the plastic characteristics are reduced not much, but remain at a fairly good level for steel 45 due to obtaining gradient micro-structure during straining.
Influence of Electroerosion Cutting and Ultrasonic Surface Modification on the Surface Quality of Heatproof СrNi73MoTiAlNb Nickel Alloy Components
Authors:   G. V. Kurdyumov Institute for Metal Physics, N.A.S. of Ukraine, 36 Academician Vernadsky Blvd., UA-03142 Kyiv, Ukraine, Mordyuk B. M. , Shyvanyuk V. M. ,   G. V. Kurdyumov Institute for Metal Physics, N.A.S. of Ukraine, 36 Academician Vernadsky Blvd., UA-03142 Kyiv, Ukraine, Khripta N. I. ,   G. V. Kurdyumov Institute for Metal Physics, N.A.S. of Ukraine, 36 Academician Vernadsky Blvd., UA-03142 Kyiv, Ukraine, Skoryk M. A. ,   G. V. Kurdyumov Institute for Metal Physics, N.A.S. of Ukraine, 36 Academician Vernadsky Blvd., UA-03142 Kyiv, Ukraine, Zakiyev V. I. ,   National Aviation University, 1 Lyubomyr Huzar Ave., UA-03058 Kyiv, Ukraine, Podobnyy O. V. ,   SE ‘Ivchenko-Progres’, 2 Ivanov Str., UA-69068, Zaporizhzhya, Ukraine, Torba Yu. I. ,   SE ‘Ivchenko-Progres’, 2 Ivanov Str., UA-69068, Zaporizhzhya, Ukraine,   Zaporizhzhia Polytechnic National University, 64 Zhukovsky Str., UA-69063 Zaporizhzhya, Ukraine, Hryebyennikov M. O. ,   SE ‘Ivchenko-Progres’, 2 Ivanov Str., UA-69068, Zaporizhzhya, Ukraine, Pavlenko D. V. ,   SE ‘Ivchenko-Progres’, 2 Ivanov Str., UA-69068, Zaporizhzhya, Ukraine,   Zaporizhzhia Polytechnic National University, 64 Zhukovsky Str., UA-69063 Zaporizhzhya, Ukraine
Published: January 2025

The surface state of heatproof specimens of nickel-based СrNi73MoTiAlNb alloy after both wire electroerosion cutting (WEEC) with different applied energies and finishing high-frequency mechanical impact (HFMI) treatment by an ultrasonic tool is analysed. Using an optical interferometry and scan-ning electron microscopy, the peculiarities of the formed surface topography and roughness are investigated, and using x-ray diffraction analysis and en-ergy dispersive spectroscopy, the structure, chemical and phase compositions of the surface layers are investigated. In the case of the WEEC using brass wire, the surface microalloying is revealed that is not observed, when molyb-denum wire is used for WEEC. This effect determines the changes in mechan-ical properties or their absence, respectively. Instrumented indentation shows that the thermal exposure under WEEC and finishing HFMI modifica-tion result in the surface-layers’ hardening, while the microalloying detected under high-energy WEEC leads to a hardness decrease. As established, the HFMI surface modification provides a reduction in the surface-roughness parameters and, accordingly, reduces the probability of the stress concentra-tion on the microrelief and terminates harmful tensile residual stresses.
2024 Ortaokul Türkçe Öğretim Programı’ndaki Dinleme/İzleme Öğrenme Çıktılarının 5. Sınıf Ders Kitabındaki Görünümleri
Authors: Çağ Hatice Dilek
Published: January 2025

2024 yılı Mayıs ayında Türkiye Yüzyılı Maarif Modeli’nin (TYMM) kabul edilmesiyle birlikte Türkçe dersi öğretim programında köklü bir değişikliğe gidilerek program yeniden yapılandırılmıştır. Bu araştırmada 2024 Ortaokul Türkçe Öğretim Programı’ndaki dinleme/izleme öğrenme çıktılarının 5. sınıf ders kitabındaki görünümlerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden durum çalışmasıyla yürütülen araştırmada veriler içerik analiziyle çözümlenmiştir. Araştırmanın sonucunda 5. sınıf Türkçe ders kitabının 2024 Ortaokul Türkçe Öğretim Programı’ndaki dinleme/izleme öğrenme çıktılarını karşıladığı görülmüştür. Yine de dinleme/izleme öğrenme çıktıları açısından 5. sınıf Türkçe ders kitabında iyileştirilmesi gereken hususların olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırmanın sonuçlarından hareketle sonraki eğitim-öğretim dönemi için hazırlanacak Türkçe ders kitaplarında bu hususların dikkate alınması önerebilir.