bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A public context with higher minority stress for LGBTQ* couples decreases the enjoyment of public displays of affection
Authors: Stammwitz Michelle , Wessler Janet
Published: November 2021

This research investigated whether LGBTQ* minority stress and public displays of affection (PDA; e.g., kissing, hugging) among LGBTQ* couples are context-sensitive. We expected that (a) LQBTQ* minority stress would be more prevalent in a harmful (i.e., city center) versus a less harmful (i.e., university campus) context, and (b) PDA would be reduced for LGBTQ* couples in a harmful context. In three studies, LGBTQ* and Hetero/Cis students (NTotal = 517) reported LGBTQ*-specific minority stress and PDA in the city and on campus. The city center was higher in minority stress than the campus in all studies. Also, LGBTQ* participants’ PDA enjoyment was lower in the city than on campus (Studies 1 and 3). Minority stress mediated the context effect on PDA (Study 3). A qualitative analysis illuminated the harmful versus protective natures of public contexts. We conclude that a protective context can powerfully promote healthy LGBTQ* relationship behavior.
Perturbation of BRMS1 interactome reveals pathways that impact metastasis
Authors: Zimmermann Rosalyn C. , Sardiu Mihaela E. , Manton Christa A. , Miah Md. Sayem , Banks Charles A. S. , Adams Mark K. , Koestler Devin C. , Hurst Douglas R. , Edmonds Mick D. , Washburn Michael P. , Welch Danny R.
Published: November 2021

Breast Cancer Metastasis Suppressor 1 (BRMS1) expression is associated with longer patient survival in multiple cancer types. Understanding BRMS1 functionality will provide insights into both mechanism of action and will enhance potential therapeutic development. In this study, we confirmed that the C-terminus of BRMS1 is critical for metastasis suppression and hypothesized that critical protein interactions in this region would explain its function. Phosphorylation status at S237 regulates BRMS1 protein interactions related to a variety of biological processes, phenotypes [cell cycle (e.g., CDKN2A), DNA repair (e.g., BRCA1)], and metastasis [(e.g., TCF2 and POLE2)]. Presence of S237 also directly decreased MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma migrationin vitroand metastasesin vivo. The results add significantly to our understanding of how BRMS1 interactions with Sin3/HDAC complexes regulate metastasis and expand insights into BRMS1’s molecular role, as they demonstrate BRMS1 C-terminus involvement in distinct protein-protein interactions.
CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis against sex pheromone biosynthesis leads to loss of female attractiveness in Spodoptera exigua, an insect pestt
Authors: Ahmed Shabbir , Roy Miltan Chandra , Al Baki Md. Abdullah , Jung Jin Kyo , Lee Daeweon , Kim Yonggyun
Published: November 2021

Virgin female moths are known to release sex pheromones to attract conspecific males. Accurate sex pheromones are required for their chemical communication. Sex pheromones ofSpodoptera exigua, a lepidopteran insect, contain unsaturated fatty acid derivatives having a double bond at the 12thcarbon position. A desaturase ofS.exigua(SexiDES5) was proposed to have dual functions by forming double bonds at the 11thand 12thcarbons to synthesize Z9,E12-tetradecedienoic acid, which could be acetylated to be a main sex pheromone component Z9,E12-tetradecenoic acetate (Z9E12-14:Ac). A deletion ofSexiDES5using CRISPR/Cas9 was generated and inbred to obtain homozygotes. Mutant females could not produce Z9E12-14:Ac along with Z9-14:Ac and Z11-14:Ac. Subsequently, pheromone extract of mutant females did not induce a sensory signal in male antennae. They failed to induce male mating behavior including hair pencil erection and orientation. In the field, these mutant females did not attract any males while control females attracted males. These results indicate that SexiDES5 can catalyze the desaturation at the 11th and 12th positions to produce sex pheromone components inS.exigua. This study also suggests an application of the genome editing technology to insect pest control by generating non-attractive female moths.
Absorptive capacity facilitates adaptation to novel environmental disasters
Authors: Cheong So-Min , Assenova Valentina A.
Published: November 2021

Absorptive capacity–the ability to learn and apply external knowledge and information to acquire material resources–is an essential but overlooked driver in community adaptation to new and unprecedented disasters. We analyzed data from a representative random sample of 603 individuals from 25 coastal communities in Louisiana affected by the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. We used simultaneous equation models to assess the relationship between absorptive capacity and resource acquisition for affected individuals after the disaster. Results show that the diversity of individuals’ prior knowledge coupled with the community’s external orientation and internal cohesion facilitate resource use. They go beyond simply providing resources and demonstrate individual and community features necessary for absorbing information and knowledge and help devise adaptation strategies to address the dynamics of changing economic, social, and political environment after the disaster.
Cell-morphodynamic phenotype classification with application to cancer metastasis using cell magnetorotation and machine-learning
Authors: Elbez Remy , Folz Jeff , McLean Alan , Roca Hernan , Labuz Joseph M. , Pienta Kenneth J. , Takayama Shuichi , Kopelman Raoul
Published: November 2021

We define cell morphodynamics as the cell’s time dependent morphology. It could be called the cell’sshape shifting ability. To measure it we use abiomarker free, dynamic histology method, which is based on multiplexedCell Magneto-RotationandMachine Learning. We note that standard studies looking at cells immobilized on microscope slides cannot reveal their shape shifting, no more than pinned butterfly collections can reveal their flight patterns. Using cell magnetorotation, with the aid of cell embedded magnetic nanoparticles, our method allows each cell to move freely in 3 dimensions, with a rapid following of cell deformations in all 3-dimensions, so as to identify and classify a cell by itsdynamic morphology. Using object recognition and machine learning algorithms, we continuously measure the real-timeshape dynamicsof each cell, where from we successfully resolve the inherent broad heterogeneity of themorphological phenotypesfound in a given cancer cell population. In three illustrative experiments we have achieved clustering, differentiation, and identification of cells from (A) two distinct cell lines, (B) cells having gone through theepithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and (C) cells differing only by theirmotility. This microfluidic method may enable afast screeningand identification ofinvasive cells, e.g., metastatic cancer cells, even in the absence of biomarkers, thus providing a rapid diagnostics and assessment protocol for effective personalized cancer therapy.
Recent infections among individuals with a new HIV diagnosis in Rwanda, 2018–2020
Authors: Rwibasira Gallican N. , Malamba Samuel S. , Musengimana Gentille , Nkunda Richard C. M. , Omolo Jared , Remera Eric , Masengesho Vedaste , Mbonitegeka Valens , Dzinamarira Tafadzwa , Kayirangwa Eugenie , Mugwaneza Placidie
Published: November 2021

Background

Despite Rwanda’s progress toward HIV epidemic control, 16.2% of HIV-positive individuals are unaware of their HIV positive status. Tailoring the public health strategy could help reach these individuals with new HIV infection and achieve epidemic control. Recency testing is primarily for surveillance, monitoring, and evaluation but it’s not for diagnostic purposes. However, it’s important to know what proportion of the newly diagnosed are recent infections so that HIV prevention can be tailored to the profile of people who are recently infected. We therefore used available national data to characterize individuals with recent HIV infection in Rwanda to inform the epidemic response.

Methods

We included all national-level data for recency testing reported from October 2018 to June 2020. Eligible participants were adults (aged ≥15 years) who had a new HIV diagnosis, who self-reported being antiretroviral therapy (ART) naïve, and who had consented to recency testing. Numbers and proportions of recent HIV infections were estimated, and precision around these estimates was calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with being recently (within 12 months) infected with HIV.

Results

Of 7,785 eligible individuals with a new HIV-positive diagnosis, 475 (6.1%) met the criteria for RITA recent infection. The proportion of RITA recent infections among individuals with newly identified HIV was high among those aged 15–24 years (9.6%) and in men aged ≥65 years (10.3%) compared to other age groups; and were higher among women (6.7%) than men (5.1%). Of all recent cases, 68.8% were women, and 72.2% were aged 15–34 years. The Northern province had the fewest individuals with newly diagnosed HIV but had the highest proportion of recent infections (10.0%) compared to other provinces. Recent infections decreased by 19.6% per unit change in time (measured in months). Patients aged ≥25 years were less likely to have recent infection than those aged 15–24 years with those aged 35–49 years being the least likely to have recent infection compared to those aged 15–24 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.415 [95% CI: 0.316–0.544]).

Conclusion

Public health surveillance targeting the areas and the identified groups with high risk of recent infection could help improve outcomes.
Modeling the past, present, and future distributions of endangered white abalone (Haliotis sorenseni) to inform recovery efforts in California
Authors: DiNardo Jordan , Stierhoff Kevin L. , Semmens Brice X.
Published: November 2021

White abalone (Haliotis sorenseni) was once commonly found in coastal waters of the Southern California Bight (SCB) and south to Punta Abreojos, Baja California, Mexico. During the 1970s, white abalone supported a commercial fishery, which reduced the population and resulted in the closure of the fishery in 1996. When population levels continued to decline, National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) listed the species as endangered under the Endangered Species Act. The California Department of Fish and Wildlife and NMFS began surveying the wild populations, propagating specimens in captivity, and protecting its seabed habitat. We modeled coarse-scale (17 x 17 km) historical (using fishery-dependent data [1955–1996]) and contemporary (using fishery-independent data [1996–2017]) distributions of white abalone throughout its historical domain using random forests and maximum entropy (MaxEnt), respectively, and its fine-scale (10 x 10 m) contemporary distribution (fishery-independent data) using MaxEnt. We also investigated potential outplanting habitat farther north under two scenarios of future climate conditions. The coarse-scale models identified potential regions to focus outplanting efforts within SCB while fine-scale models can inform population monitoring and outplanting activities in these particular areas. These models predict that areas north of Point Conception may become candidate outplant sites as seawater temperatures continue to rise in the future due to climate change. Collectively, these results provide guidance on the design and potential locations for experimental outplanting at such locations to ultimately improve methods and success of recovery efforts.
Analysis of pulsating variable stars using the visibility graph algorithm
Authors: Muñoz Víctor , Garcés N. Elizabeth
Published: November 2021

We study the light curves of pulsating variable stars using a complex network approach to build visibility graphs. We consider various types of variables stars (e.g., Cepheids, δ Scuti, RR Lyrae), build two types of graphs (the normal visibility graph (VG) and the horizontal visibility graph (HVG)), and calculate various metrics for the resulting networks. We find that all networks have a power-law degree distribution for the VG and an exponential distribution for the HVG, suggesting that it is a universal feature, regardless of the pulsation features. Metrics such as the average degree, the clustering coefficient and the transitivity coefficient, can distinguish between some star types. We also observe that the results are not strongly affected by the presence of observation gaps in the light curves. These findings suggest that the visibility graph algorithm may be a useful technique to study variability in stars.
Psoas muscle area and paraspinal muscle fat in children and young adults with or without obesity and fatty liver
Authors: Albakheet Salman S. , Lee Mi-Jung , Yoon Haesung , Shin Hyun Joo , Koh Hong
Published: November 2021

Background

Little is known about the muscle condition in children with obesity.

Objectives

To investigate the effect of obesity and fatty liver on muscle area and muscle fat in children and young adults.

Materials and methods

We evaluated consecutive liver fat quantification MRIs in children and young adults between June 2015 and April 2019. We obtained hepatic fat and paraspinal muscle fat at mid L2 from the fat map, psoas muscle area (PMA) at mid L3, and z-score of PMA. The patient’s age, height and weight at the time of the MRI were recorded. Body mass index (BMI) z-score was also calculated. Spearman correlation and partial correlation analyses were performed. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were also performed using significant variables.

Results

A total of 132 patients (97 male) were included with a median age of 13.0 years (interquartile range 11–16 years). The median BMI was 23.7 kg/m2 (interquartile range 21.2–27.7 kg/m2). The weight, BMI, liver fat, and z-score of PMA were all higher in male patients than they were in female patients. The amount of liver fat had no correlation with muscle fat or PMA z-score after adjusting BMI. However, the BMI z-score was positively correlated with the PMA z-score (ρ = 0.432, p<0.001) even after adjusting for liver fat. On regression analyses, the BMI z-score had linear positive relationship with PMA z-score (β = 0.289, p<0.001) and muscle fat (β = 0.218, p = 0.016).

Conclusions

Male children and young adults have greater PMA than do female children and young adults. Obesity is associated with higher PMA and paraspinal muscle fat. However, liver fat is not related with the muscle condition in children and young adults.
A new method for roadheader pick arrangement based on meshing pick spatial position and rock cutting verification
Authors: Zhang Mengqi , Yan Xianguo , Qin Guoqiang
Published: November 2021

This paper proposes a cutting head optimization method based on meshing the spatial position of the picks. According to the expanded shape of the spatial mesh composed of four adjacent picks on the plane, a standard mesh shape analysis method can be established with mesh skewness, mesh symmetry, and mesh area ratio as the indicators. The traversal algorithm is used to calculate the theoretical meshing rate, pick rotation coefficient, and the variation of cutting load for the longitudinal cutting head with 2, 3, and 4 helices. The results show that the 3-helix longitudinal cutting head has better performance. By using the traversal result with maximum theoretical meshing rate as the design parameter, the longitudinal cutting head CH51 with 51 picks was designed and analyzed. The prediction model of pick consumption is established based on cutting speed, direct rock cutting volume of each pick, pick rotation coefficient, uniaxial compressive strength, and CERCHAR abrasivity index. And the rock with normal distribution characteristics of Uniaxial Compressive Strength is used for the specific energy calculating. The artificial rock wall cutting test results show that the reduction in height loss suppresses the increase in pick equivalent loss caused by the increase in mass loss, and the pick consumption in this test is only 0.037–0.054 picks/m3. In addition, the correlation between the actual pick consumption and the prediction model, and the correlation between the actual cutting specific energy and the theoretical calculation value are also analyzed. The research results show that the pick arrangement design method based on meshing pick tip spatial position can effectively reduce pick consumption and improve the rock cutting performance.
Flagellin lysine methyltransferase FliB catalyzes a [4Fe-4S] mediated methyl transfer reaction
Authors: Wang Chu , Nehls Christian , Baabe Dirk , Burghaus Olaf , Hurwitz Robert , Gutsmann Thomas , Bröring Martin , Kolbe Michael
Published: November 2021

The methyltransferase FliB posttranslationally modifies surface-exposed ɛ-N-lysine residues of flagellin, the protomer of the flagellar filament inSalmonella enterica (S.enterica). Flagellin methylation, reported originally in 1959, was recently shown to enhance host cell adhesion and invasion by increasing the flagellar hydrophobicity. The role of FliB in this process, however, remained enigmatic. In this study, we investigated the properties and mechanisms of FliB fromS.enterica in vivoandin vitro. We show that FliB is an S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) dependent methyltransferase, forming a membrane associated oligomer that modifies flagellin in the bacterial cytosol. Using X-band electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, zero-field57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy, methylation assays and chromatography coupled mass spectrometry (MS) analysis, we further found that FliB contains an oxygen sensitive [4Fe-4S] cluster that is essential for the methyl transfer reaction and might mediate a radical mechanism. Our data indicate that the [4Fe-4S] cluster is coordinated by a cysteine rich motif in FliB that is highly conserved among multiple genera of the Enterobacteriaceae family.
Caligrafia também é corpo: entrevista-collage com Miguel de Carvalho sobre seus fotolivros de literatura
Authors: Dultra Maruzia de Almeida
Published: November 2021

Este trabalho apresenta-se sob a forma de collage composta a partir de uma entrevista estruturada e escrita, realizada para este fim, com o artista português Miguel de Carvalho, em janeiro de 2021. Abordando questões em torno da sua poética intermidiática, objetivamos dissecar a feitura dos seus fotolivros de literatura autorais, produzidos no período de 2005-2020. A collage foi eleita como método e formato para este texto por ressoar as criações de palavrimagem do entrevistado. Ele as produz através da apropriação de obras alheias e outros materiais pré-existentes, dando-lhes um novo corpo. Com o mesmo movimento, procedemos imiscuindo-nos às palavrimagens de Miguel de Carvalho – poeta plástico que, na distância oceânica que nos separa, aceitou a aventura de ver, agora, um novo corpo surgido de outras mãos a partir das suas. Daí o ‘truque poético’ de caligrafar este texto, pois a caligrafia também é corpo e os nossos estão aqui, como collage.
A fotografia e a palavra no livro de artista
Authors: Cador Amir
Published: November 2021

Propomos uma reflexão a respeito das relações intermediais texto/imagem em uma seleção de obras que se encontram em uma zona de interseção do fotolivro e livro de artista, a partir de uma classificação pragmática dos tipos de transposição intersemiótica da imagem ao texto proposta por Leo Hoek: relação transmedial, discurso multimedial, discurso misto e discurso sincrético. Cada uma dessas relações é caracterizada por um tipo de imbricação texto/imagem, apresentadas em ordem crescente: transposição, justaposição, combinação e fusão. O texto também faz uma breve apresentação a respeito da diferença entre transposição e tradução intersemiótica.
Intellectual montage in Journey into the Fantastic
Authors: Vitorio Ana Paula
Published: November 2021

This paper argues that Journey into the Fantastic, by Boris Kossoy, is an exemplary case of montage working as a creative process in photographic books. The work is an important contribution to the world of photobooks. Full of experimentation, it relates exercises of photographic expression to the exploration of conventional aspects of the support. By using Eisenstein's theory and typology, we describe how combinatorial patterns can be observed acting as meaning-making processes in this photographic book. We observe that juxtaposition types known as intellectual montage are the main processes regulating the relations established between its parts, scaffolding it as a whole.
Crecimiento económico, declinación del desarrollo político y tecnocracia en Chile: Lecciones para el nuevo ciclo político post estallido
Authors: Huneeus Madge Carlos
Published: November 2021

El trabajo analiza los factores que explicarían el contraste que hubo entre el buen desempeño económico de los gobiernos de la Concertación de Partidos por la Democracia (1990-2010) en Chile y un decreciente desarrollo político. Este contraste se explica por decisiones estratégicas adoptadas por la tecnocracia del primer gobierno democrático del presidente Patricio Aylwin (1990-1994) y continuada por quienes le sucedieron, y en particular, haber optado más por la continuidad que por la reforma del sistema económico heredado de la dictadura. Esta decisión tuvo enorme relevancia política porque corresponde a una economía de mercado puro en la tipología de Linz y Stepan (1996), la cual consideran incompatible con la democracia moderna. El estallido social del 18 de octubre de 2019 fue la máxima expresión de esa incompatibilidad. El trabajo identifica los factores de poder de la tecnocracia y los errores cometidos por esta.
Revuelta, Feminismo y Nueva Constitución en Chile
Authors: Castillo Alejandra
Published: November 2021

Este artículo propone la revuelta feminista de mayo del año 2018 como antecedente fundamental del Estallido social del mes de octubre del año 2019. La revuelta feminista pondrá en evidencia los modos en que se anudan en Chile androcentrismo, autoritarismo y neoliberalismo. En este artículo pondré atención a la crítica feminista a la universidad, a la política tradicional y al orden Constitucional.
Colombia: entre el rechazo y la negociación. Análisis de las campañas electorales sobre la negociación con los grupos guerrilleros en las elecciones presidenciales de 2018
Authors: Jima González Alexandra , Paradela-López Miguel , Pineda Gómez Hernán Darío , Serrano Ávila Ana María , Arango Arango Liliana Marcela , Areiza Villa Sara Liliana , García Marín César Augusto , Loaiza Seguro Katherin , Orozco Henao María Isabel , Parra Tavera Juan Esteban , Zapata Osorio David
Published: November 2021

El presente artículo realiza un análisis de las agendas presidenciales de Colombia en las elecciones a la Presidencia de la República de 2018, enfatizando en las principales propuestas de los candidatos, en relación con la implementación de lo acordado en La Habana con la insurgencia de las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia – Ejército del Pueblo (FARC-EP) y el proceso de negociación con el Ejército de Liberación Nacional (ELN). Para ello se realiza un seguimiento a los programas políticos de los diferentes candidatos a la Presidencia, sus comparecencias públicas y los mensajes emitidos a través de sus redes sociales. En este sentido, el artículo muestra cómo durante la campaña electoral se configuraron dos posturas: una basada en rectificar, ajustar o modificar el acuerdo suscrito con las FARC-EP y priorizar la respuesta armada al ELN; y otra sustentada en el mantenimiento de los Acuerdos de La Habana y la búsqueda de una solución negociada al conflicto con el ELN. Se concluye, mostrando cómo la campaña electoral a la Presidencia de la República de 2018 supuso un agudizamiento de la polarización y radicalización en la resolución de los conflictos internos.
Detección de Leptospira spp. (Spirochaetales: Leptospiraceae) en muestras ambientales de regiones habitadas por poblaciones vulnerables del norte argentino
Authors: GRUNE-LOFFLER S , PERIAGO M V , WATANABE O , SARAULLO V , ALDAMA E , CEJAS R G , CRUZ D , DELGADO C , GOIZUETA C Martín , HAMER M , MARTÍNEZ M , BRIHUEGA B F
Published: November 2021

LLa leptospirosis continúa siendo hoy en día un problema para la salud pública, principalmente en poblaciones de bajos recursos socioeconómicos. En este trabajo se presenta la detección de leptospiras patógenas en muestras ambientales (aguas y barros) provenientes de regiones del norte argentino (provincias de Formosa, Salta, Santiago del Estero, Misiones y Chaco) con variadas características climatológicas habitadas por poblaciones vulnerables. De las 89 muestras analizadas, en el 24,7% fue posible detectar molecularmente la presencia de leptospiras patógenas. La prevalencia por tipo de muestra fue de 27,8% para las aguas y 11,8% para los barros. Todas las localidades muestreadas presentaron al menos una muestra positiva a alguna de las pruebas realizadas, por lo que el presente trabajo refleja la necesidad de profundizar los estudios de la leptospirosis en distintas regiones de la Argentina.
Following ties and traces of migration
Authors: Bezzini Rachele , De Rapper Gilles , Irian Ana Cristina
Published: November 2021

The Albanian town of Gjirokastër is located 30 kilometers from the Greek border. While this proximity has inevitably contributed to directing migration flows to Greece, the focus of this article is to understand the characteristics of migration from Gjirokastër to Italy – the second destination for Albanian migrants after Greece. Findings will show how, despite its marginality, migration from Gjirokastër to Italy plays a significant role in remaking the symbolic boundaries within the social space under consideration. Based on a short period of ethnographic fieldwork undertaken in the summer of 2015, this research follows the ties and traces of migration from Gjirokastër to Italy through an experimental analysis of the town’s visual landscape and soundscape and that of the narratives which emerged from photo-elicitation sessions and face-to-face interviews with individuals related to Albanian migrants in Italy. Thanks to the analysis of both these public and private spheres, the article specifically proposes an understanding of the migration phenomenon which focuses on its transformative role within the place of origin, its categories and its hierarchies.In particular, we will see how migration to Italy may become a way to transform the status of Muslim Albanians vis-à-vis Orthodox Albanians in Gjirokastër through religious conversion to Catholicism, as well as as through the opportunities provided by learning the Italian language. In fact, both language learning and religious conversion – either before or after migration – seem to act as tools for social mobility on an individual basis. This concerns not only migrants, but also their kin and, more extensively, the local population of Gjirokastër through infrastructures (church, honorary consulate, school, etc.) indirectly linked with migration to Italy.
KONSISTENSI BENTUK DAN MATERI MUATAN SURAT EDARAN SEBAGAI PRODUK HUKUM DALAM PENANGANAN COVID-19
Authors: Anggono Bayu Dwi , Mardika Nando Yussele
Published: November 2021

Masa Pandemi Covid-19 merupakan kondisi darurat yang harus ditangani dengan cepat, sehingga Pemerintah pusat, kementerian/lembaga hingga pemerintah daerah dalam dalam merespon kondisi tersebut menggunakan Surat Edaran untuk melaksanakan kebijakan percepatan penanganan Covid-19. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk membahas konsistensi bentuk dan materi muatan Surat Edaran sebagai produk hukum dalam penanganan Covid-19. Secara keseluruhan terdapat 193 Surat Edaran yang sudah dikeluarkan oleh pemerintah dari tingkat pusat hingga tingkat daerah, dari jumlah tersebut dikelompokan menjadi beberapa klasifikasi: Pertama, Surat Edaran yang tidak sesuai dengan bentuk format (perbedaan penomoran, tata letak lambang negara, dan tanggal surat) berjumlah 120 Surat Edaran, Kedua, Surat Edaran yang materi muatannya harusnya menjadi materi muatan peraturan perundang-undangan, berjumlah 123 Surat Edaran.
Front-Loading Agricultural Subsidies: Quantifying Public Savings
Authors: Ding Kai , Rebessi Filippo
Published: November 2021

Reforms to agricultural policy have been stalling in OECD economies. In this paper, we quantify the potential for public savings from switching to an optimal transfer system in small open economies. Following the insights from the literature on repeated moral hazard, optimal subsidies are front-loaded, which provides stronger incentives for farmers to transition out of agriculture, compared to the existing policies. In our counterfactual experiments, we find government savings of 6% for Chile, 45% for Japan, 24% for Switzerland, and 51% for Turkey. In addition, optimal subsidies more than double the speed of the transition of employment out of agriculture.
New insights into the settlement patterns of the capital city at Erlitou
Authors: Zhao Haitao
Published: November 2021

By examining the structural components, settlement plan, and developmental trajectory of the capital city at Erlitou, it is possible to explore the emergence of the state, kingship, and accompanying characteristics. Erlitou has been subjected to intensive excavation, revealing roads, walls, huge sacrificial pits, and palatial buildings with multiple courtyards as indicated by foundation No. 5. As to the developmental trajectory of the settlement pattern, all principal components of a capital city appeared in phase II of the Erlitou culture. A layout based on intersecting roads also formed, thus laying a foundation for the plan of an urban center in later periods. The open urban system formed during the Erlitou period changed to a closed system during later periods. The Erlitou site went through an initial phase during which it flourished as a capital city, then a period when principal urban components were gradually abandoned. The site became a high-ranking settlement during the early Erligang period. There is a relationship between the changes through time in pottery typology and the development of the settlement pattern. Kin-based residential and burial areas define the spatial division of the capital city at Erlitou. The mode of craft production is characterized by a large-scale workshop enclosure along with small-scale production sites.
Plant remains unearthed at the Donghulin site in Beijing: discussion on results of flotation
Authors: Zhao Zhijun , Zhao Chaohong , Yu Jincheng , Wang Tao , Cui Tianxing , Guo Jingning
Published: November 2021

A number of charred plant seeds were recovered from the Donghulin site by means of flotation. The site is located in suburban Beijing and dates from 11,000 to 9000 BP. A total of 14 charred grains of foxtail millet have been collected and identified as of the domesticated species (Setaria italica) according to morphological analysis. One grain of broomcorn millet was also identified. These are the earliest domesticated millet grains recovered by flotation, providing crucial archaeological evidence for understanding the timing, locations, and processes of millet domestication. Moreover, the charred seeds of Setaria viridis provide important clues for exploring the wild ancestral plants of foxtail millet and the domestication process. The results of flotation at the Donghulin site are important for understanding the origins of dryland agriculture in North China, which was predominated by millet farming.
Romanian words of German Origin (based on ALRR. Sinteză, vol. 1–3)
Authors: Nevaci Manuela
Published: November 2021

The following presentation is based on the lexical material from vols 1–3 published so far in Atlasului lingvistic român pe regiuni. Sinteză – ALRR. Sinteză [ALRR. Synthesis] [The Romanian linguistic atlas by regions. Synthesis - ALRR. Synthesis]. I, 2007, II, 2012, III, 2018, which includes the answers to the first two chapters of the NALR Questionnaire: 1. Human body (body parts, diseases, physical and moral qualities) (vols I and II of the atlas) and 2. Family (relatives, birth, marriage, death) (vol. III of the atlas). The present study highlights the presence of German loanwords over a wider area than it was known until now. It is worth mentioning, in this respect, German loanwords that have entered the southern area or that have acquired here meanings that are not attested in other areas of the country: tro̯ácă ‘skull’ (Oltenia), ‘cradle’ (Muntenia, Oltenia), scrofuri ‘tonsils (goiter)’ (Muntenia, Oltenia), tron ‘coffin’ (compact area in Oltenia).
COVID 19 vaccine in patients of hypercoagulable disorders: a clinical perspective
Authors: John Nitin Ashok , John Jyoti , Kamble Praful , Singhal Anish , Daulatabad Vandana , Vamshidhar Immadi S.
Published: November 2021

COVID 19 is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2. Thromboembolism has been a characteristic manifestation in most of the severely ill COVID-19 patients. Thromboembolism in COVID 19 infection is attributed to injury to the vascular endothelial cell, hypercoagulability and blood stasis. The hypercoagulable state of blood and thrombophilic diseases leads to hypercoagulability. COVID 19 infected patients with pre-existing hypercoagulable disorders have higher risk of developing thrombosis and thromboembolism and such thrombotic episodes may prove to be severely morbid in these patients. As immune-prophylaxis COVID 19 vaccines are being administered to the public. The known side effects of the COVID 19 vaccine are mild to moderate and include fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, headache, fatigue, myalgia, malaise, pain and swelling at injection site and diarrhea. Thrombosis with thrombocytopenia has been noted as a rare side effect of COVID 19 vaccine. Such side effect of COVID 19 vaccine in patients of hypercoagulable disorder may prove to be fatal. The health care workers should be cautious and judicious in managing such patients. A detailed lab profile for coagulable state of blood should be carried out in all patients COVID 19 infected patients with pre-existing hypercoagulability diseases. The patients should also be health educated regarding side effects of vaccine especially with those indicating thrombosis and they should be warranted to receive immediate medical care in case of any side effects or complications. Paucity of literature gave us an impetus to review management profile in patients of hypercoagulable disorders.
Sobre la experiencia de caminar la Ciudad de México en la literatura mexicana post-1985
Authors: Franco Teresa
Published: November 2021

Los temblores que sacudieron a la Ciudad de México en 1985 cambiaron la forma material de la ciudad y su conceptualización. En la literatura, estos cambios se ven reflejados en la manera en la que se narra la ciudad: post-apocalíptica e inabarcable. En este artículo hablaré sobre cómo la narración de la experiencia de caminar en la Ciudad de México ha cambiado desde el terremoto. Tomando ejemplos concretos de Juan Villoro, Alain-Paul Mallard, Juan Pablo Villalobos, Valeria Luiselli y Daniel Saldaña París, analizaré cómo estos escritores han construido diversos imaginarios en torno a la ciudad, cómo éstos contrastan entre sí y qué tanto nos dicen sobre los cambios políticos, sociales, culturales y urbanos que la capital mexicana ha vivido en décadas recientes.
Predicting the Non-Linear Conveying Behavior in Single-Screw Extrusion: A Comparison of Various Data-Based Modeling Approaches used with CFD Simulations
Authors: Roland W. , Marschik C. , Kommenda M. , Haghofer A. , Dorl S. , Winkler S.
Published: November 2021

The traditional approach to modeling the polymer melt flow in single-screw extruders is based on analytical and numerical analyses. Due to increasing computational power, data-driven modeling has grown significantly in popularity in recent years. In this study, we compared and evaluated databased modeling approaches (i. e., gradient-boosted trees, artificial neural networks, and symbolic regression models based on genetic programming) in terms of their ability to predict – within a hybrid modeling framework – the three-dimensional non-linear throughput-pressure relationship of metering channels in single-screw extruders. By applying the theory of similarity to the governing flow equations, we identified the characteristic dimensionless influencing parameters, which we then varied to create a large dataset covering a wide range of possible applications. For each single design point we conducted numerical simulations and obtained the dimensionless flow rate. The large dataset was divided into three independent sets for training, interpolation, and extrapolation, the first being used to generate and the remaining two to evaluate the models. Further, we added two features derived from expert knowledge to the models and analyzed their influence on predictive power. In addition to prediction accuracy and interpolation and extrapolation capabilities, we evaluated model complexity, interpretability, and time required to learn the models. This study provides a rigorous analysis of various data-based modeling approaches applied to simulation data in extrusion.
True Need in Kant
Authors: Sticker Martin
Published: November 2021

A number of influential Kantian philosophers assume that true need (wahres Bedürfniß) represents shared and fundamental human concerns that can both ground duties of aid and limit how much an agent can be morally required to do for others. In this paper, I take on this misreading and argue that true need is representative of personal priorities. This subjectivist reading fits better with Kant’s own characterization of true need and with his conceptions of need and happiness. Moreover, I argue that Kant’s own conception of true need is philosophically appealing, as it is anti-paternalistic. Agents are free to determine their own true need. This frees Kant from the challenge of coming up with a list of true human needs that are supposedly stable across cultures, epochs and individuals. Furthermore, my reading also implies that the mere fact that someone else considers something their true need does not necessitate our help.
Trees in the landscape: orchard trees in a 17th-century French dictionary
Authors: Williams Geoffrey
Published: November 2021

The 17th century was a time of change in both agriculture and architecture as both nobility and newly rich bourgeois sought to embellish country residences with gardens and orchards. Not only were new plants arriving from overseas, but gardening was being revolutionised by the likes of Le Nôtre, de la Quintinie and the lesser known Fatio. This was reflected in the Dictionnaire universel de Antoine Furetière, the first genuinely encyclopaedic dictionary. This paper starts by introducing the LandLex initiative, pan-European synchronic and diachronic collaborative analyses of simple words concerning the landscape in historical dictionaries. We then look at a selected number of orchard trees and their fruit in two editions of the Dictionnaire universel: the first edition of 1690 and that revised by Basnage de Beauval in 1701. To an extent, Furetière applied a model for classifying trees and fruit that can be extracted by analysis. Some entries went into excessive detail as those of pear, a highly fashionable fruit at the time. One major difference between the two is Basnage’s move from a single author approach to the use of field experts in certain areas, amongst which botany. Much was simply carried over, but when Dr Régis, Basnage’s expert in medicine and natural history, deemed an entry of scientific interest it was given a rewrite with new background texts being cited, thereby widening our vision of developing 17th-century science.
Der Europäische Master für Lexikographie 2021 an der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
Authors: Schierholz Stefan J.
Published: November 2021

The following report reflects on the activities of EMLex concerning eight consortium meetings, the 6th intake for Erasmus Mundus scholarships and the situation in the corona pandemic. It also gives a short overview over the international summer term which took place at the Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg in 2021.
Crystal structure of (4-chlorophenyl)(4-hydroxyphenyl)methanone, C13H9ClO2
Authors: Bai Xiao-Hui , Xing Yan , Liu Si-Jie
Published: November 2021

C13H9ClO2, monoclinic, P21 (No. 4), a = 6.5465(9) Å, b = 8.0647(11) Å, c = 10.8476(15) Å, β = 105.591(3)°, V = 551.63(13) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0532, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1507, T = 296(2) K.
The Limits of Behavioral Economics in Tort Law
Authors: Pi Daniel
Published: November 2021

Skeptics of rational choice theory have long predicted that behavioral economics would radically transform the legislation, adjudication, and analysis of law. Using tort law as an exemplar, this Article maps out the narrow set of conditions where substantive law can be modified to accommodate irrational decision-makers. Specifically, this Article demonstrates that if injurers are systematically biased, and the due care standard can be expressed quantitatively, and victims are unable to take meaningful precautions, then imposing punitive damages can induce irrational injurers to exercise efficient precautionary care. In all other cases, it is better that the law adopt a presumption of rationality, regardless whether individuals behave rationally in fact.
Multiactivity in adult-child interaction: accounts resolving conflicting courses of action in request sequences
Authors: Vatanen Anna , Haddington Pentti
Published: November 2021

This paper studies adults’ responses to children’s requests by focusing on turns that account for not granting the request on the grounds of involvement in another activity, i.e., multiactivity. The data consist of everyday interactions among family members at homes and in cars. The collection – 17 request sequences – is analysed with the conversation analytic method. We show the following: first, account turns verbalise either the ongoing or the requested activity, or both; second, account turns are a practice for foregrounding and communicating “exclusive order”, i.e., they indicate that two progressing activities intersect with each other and cannot be progressed simultaneously, and that one activity is prioritised over another; third, account turns are used either to suspend or abandon the course of action initiated by the request; fourth, accounts – through various sequential and turn design features – display adults’ level of commitment to resuming and returning to the requested activity later; and, finally, accounts indicating high commitment negotiate the “sequential implicativenesses” of the intersecting courses of action, displaying orientation to progress initiated activities. Accounts that display partial or no commitment frame the prioritisation of an activity in terms of “incapability” or “unwillingness” to progress the request sequence and thereby construct the “limits of multiactivity” in situ.
Search Frictions, Efficiency Wages and Equilibrium Unemployment
Authors: Martin Chris , Wang Bingsong
Published: November 2021

This paper explores the decomposition of equilibrium unemployment into involuntary and frictional components using a model that combines efficiency wages with search and matching frictions in the labour market. In deriving our results we generalise the celebrated Solow Condition, expressing the wage as the sum of a pure efficiency wage component and a component that reflects search frictions. Using standard values of calibrated parameters, we find that the bulk of unemployment is involuntary
The Competitiveness of the European ICT Industry
Authors: Psychoyios Dimitris , Dotsis George
Published: November 2021

This paper investigates the international competitiveness of the European ICT sector. We use Labour productivity, R&D expenses and trade performance as proxies of competitiveness. The empirical analysis of 39 countries between 1999 and 2004 confirms our main hypothesis that the EU is performing better in the ICT services industry relative to manufacturing. In general, the average EU production efficiency is larger in the services sector, than in manufacturing. The study has important policy implications. Appropriate policies should be implemented – especially in the ICT manufacturing sector – for making EU more competitive in “non- price factors”, such as policies that facilitate the transformation of R&D expenses into product innovation. There are clearly areas for improvement in the way R&D is carried out in the ICT sector within the EU, with respect to both the allocation of R&D investment and the process of producing results from R&D.
Economic Growth and the Public Sector: A Comparison of Canada and Italy, 1870-2013
Authors: Di Matteo Livio , Barbiero Thomas
Published: November 2021

There is considerable evidence that the size of the public sector can influence an economy’s rate of economic growth. We investigate public sector spending of central governments and economic performance in two G7 countries over the long-term, Canada and Italy. Their economic performance has diverged in the last 25 years and it is worth investigating whether the size of government was a contributing factor. We find that in both the case of Canada and Italy the size of central government spending directly affects the performance of their economies in an inverse U-shaped relationship known as a Scully/BARS Curve. These results suggest that along with modifying current central government size, other levels of governments may need to shrink their own spending. The fact that the amount spent by government on pensions as a percentage of GDP in Italy is nearly 4 times that in Canada may partly explain the higher level of Italy’s public debt as well as an indirect contributing factor to economic stagnation in the last 25 years.
The Relationship between Administrative Corruption and Wages in Egypt’s Governmental Sector: An Experimental Analysis
Authors: Biltagy Marwa , Taha Mervat
Published: November 2021

This study investigates the hypothesis that raising wage could reduce administrative corruption. We use experimental methodology applied to 120 participants to test two hypotheses. The first hypothesis is that the higher the wage, the lower the rate of acceptance of bribes (a proxy for corruption), either at zero or positive conviction rates. The second hypothesis is the higher the conviction rate, the lower the rate of acceptance of bribes for both the low-wage and high-wage groups. The main finding of this study is that all obvious differences between wage groups (whether with positive or zero conviction rates) in the acceptance rates of bribes are not significant. This suggests the two hypotheses are not supported.
The Role of the Minimum Wage on the Declining Wage Inequality in Latin America: Evidence from Brazil.
Authors: Garcia Hinojosa Paul
Published: November 2021

Over the past two decades, the downward trend of income inequality in Brazil has been accompanied by a sharp increase in the real value of the minimum wage. There is no empirical consensus on whether the minimum wage has an equalizing effect on income distribution because of its ambiguous effects on employment. I document the effectiveness of the minimum wage on compressing wage inequality throughout the wage distribution and its effects on employment by using Brazilian regional data over the post-inflationary period (1995-2015). A counterfactual exercise shows that half of the decline in lower-tail inequality is attributable to the increase in the real minimum wage whereas the effects of the minimum wage on upper-tail inequality are negligible. Furthermore, the increase in the minimum wage has small contemporaneous adverse effects on formal employment which appear to vanish after three quarters.JEL classification: E24Keywords: wage inequality, employment, minimum wage.