bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quality of research as source and signal: revisiting the valorization process beyond substitution vs complementarity
Authors: Bonaccorsi Andrea , Blasi Brigida , Nappi Carmela Anna , Romagnosi Sandra
Published: May 2021

In recent years, the growing interest of universities in valorization of research activities (tipically through technology transfer—patenting and licensing—and academic entrepreneurship) has generated a debate on its impact on scientific knowledge production. There have been controversies on the potentially negative effect of university research valorization on public research, in terms of quality, long term vs short term orientation, and accessibility. The debate has been traditionally framed in terms of substitution vs complementarity between public research and valorization. In this paper we argue that the key to understand the relation between public research and valorization lies in the role of research funding, particularly: (a) competitive public research funding; (b) third party commercial funding. If the funding system (both public and private) takes the value of academic research as signal of quality, then high quality researchers are able to attract extra-funds beyond ordinary endowment. In turn, these additional funds can be used as a source to organize an effective and long-term division of labor in laboratories in order to support inventions and licensing (patents) and entrepreneurial activities (spin-off companies). In this case academic quality and commercialization are strong complement and positive feedback loops are generated. This interpretation on the role of funding is strongly supported by original data from the Italian Evaluation of Research Quality VQR 2011–2014 dataset. The paper is based on a unique and novel dataset, that integrates data on valorization of research activities at individual and institutional level on all the Italian universities and microdata on research quality on 32,616 researchers in STEM disciplines.
Path-pairability of infinite planar grids
Authors: Jobson Adam S. , Kézdy André E. , Lehel Jenő
Published: May 2021

For a given integer $$k\ge 1$$

k
≥
1

, a graph G with at least 2k vertices is called k-path-pairable, if for any set of k disjoint pairs of vertices, $$s_i,t_i$$

s
i

,

t
i

, $$1\le i\le k$$

1
≤
i
≤
k

, there exist pairwise edge-disjoint $$s_i,t_i$$

s
i

,

t
i

-paths in G. The path-pairability numberis the largest k such that G is k-path-pairable. Bounds on the path-pairability number are given here if G is the graph of infinite integer grids in the Euclidean plane. We prove that the path-pairability number of the integer quadrant is 4, and we show that the integer half-plane is 6-path-pairable and at most 7-path-pairable.
Image-based semi-multiscale finite element analysis using elastic subdomain homogenization
Authors: Jansson J. , Salomonsson K. , Olofsson J.
Published: May 2021

In this paper we present a semi-multiscale methodology, where a micrograph is split into multiple independent numerical model subdomains. The purpose of this approach is to enable a controlled reduction in model fidelity at the microscale, while providing more detailed material data for component level- or more advanced finite element models. The effective anisotropic elastic properties of each subdomain are computed using periodic boundary conditions, and are subsequently mapped back to a reduced mesh of the original micrograph. Alternatively, effective isotropic properties are generated using a semi-analytical method, based on averaged Hashin–Shtrikman bounds with fractions determined via pixel summation. The chosen discretization strategy (pixelwise or partially smoothed) is shown to introduce an uncertainty in effective properties lower than 2% for the edge-case of a finite plate containing a circular hole. The methodology is applied to a aluminium alloy micrograph. It is shown that the number of elements in the aluminium model can be reduced by $$99.89\%$$

99.89
%

while not deviating from the reference model effective material properties by more than $$0.65\%$$

0.65
%

, while also retaining some of the characteristics of the stress-field. The computational time of the semi-analytical method is shown to be several orders of magnitude lower than the numerical one.
Indefinites and free choice
Authors: Degano Marco , Aloni Maria
Published: May 2021

Indefinites display a great functional variety and they give rise to different pragmatic effects. We focus on free choice indefinites and in particular on the Italian qualsiasi. Our aim is to reconstruct the grammaticalization path of this item and understand how diachronic data might shed some light on existing semantic theories of free choice. We employ corpus-based tools to build a database containing occurrences of qualsiasi from its origin and early forms to its current usage. We show that qualsiasi emerged from a particular unconditional construction and we outline the different stages which led to its grammaticalization. We analyze the compatibility of our diachronic study with formal accounts of free choice inferences, with a focus on Alternative Semantics analyses for indefinite pronouns and so-called grammatical theories of free choice. Our work shows that an integration between formal semantics and historical linguistics is fruitful and worth pursuing.
Place Work on a Scale: What Do We Know About the Association Between Employment Status and Weight Loss Outcomes After Bariatric Surgery?
Authors: Romeijn Marleen M. , Bongers Marlies , Holthuijsen Daniëlle D.B. , Janssen Loes , van Dielen François M.H. , Anema Han J.R. , Leclercq Wouter K.G.
Published: May 2021

Despite the initial successful weight loss after bariatric surgery, a significant amount of patients experience weight loss failure and weight regain. Several factors are known to contribute to this, though the impact of employment status is unknown. The objective of this systematic review was to examine the impact of employment status on post-surgical weight loss outcomes. Eight studies were included with a follow-up ranging between 2 and 10 years. Employed patients seemed to present more weight loss (9.0–11.0% EWL, 1.3–1.6% BMI loss) compared to unemployed patients, but none of these numbers were statistically significant. Moreover, there were contrasting findings in terms of weight regain. This review may highlight the importance of working status after bariatric surgery and warrants further investigation on this topic.

Graphical abstract
Procrastination and problematic new media use: the mediating role of future anxiety
Authors: Przepiorka Aneta , Blachnio Agata , Cudo Andrzej
Published: May 2021

In recent years, the new media have become so attractive that they are used for meetings, entertainment, and work. People more and more often use Facebook or phones instead of doing their work or family duties. The main aim of the present study was to test the mediating role of future anxiety in the relationship between procrastination and problematic new media use. The participants were students (N = 478), aged 18 to 27 (M = 19.93, SD = 1.77); 64% of the sample were women. The General Procrastination Scale, the Decisional Procrastination Scale, the Facebook Intrusion Questionnaire, the Adapted Mobile Phone Use Habits, and the Future Anxiety Scale—Short Form were used. The study showed that those students who procrastinated often reported a high tendency to engage in problematic new media use and a high level of future anxiety. The findings of the study have important implications for research on problematic Facebook and mobile phone use. They may be applicable in the work of psychologists, psychiatrists, and therapists, both in prevention and in developing online addiction therapies.
Mehr Männer in soziale Berufe?
Authors: Booth Susanna
Published: May 2021

Die Forderung nach mehr Männern in sozialen Berufen wird seit einigen Jahren wiederkehrend in Politik, Medien und im Fachdiskurs aufgegriffen. Sie richtet sich dabei auf Tätigkeitsfelder, die alltagssprachlich als „Frauenberufe“ bezeichnet werden, da die sozialen Berufe sowohl historisch als auch aktuell einen hohen Frauenanteil aufweisen. Sie entstanden und professionalisierten sich zugleich als Frauenberufe im Kontext der gesellschaftlichen Unterscheidung einer öffentlichen, „männlichen“ Sphäre der Produktionsarbeit sowie einer privaten, „weiblichen“ Sphäre der Reproduktionsarbeit. Obwohl bereits einige Diskursanalysen zur Forderung nach „mehr Männern“ vorliegen, wurde die Ebene der Träger in sozialen Berufen bisher nicht untersucht. Der vorliegende Beitrag zeigt vor diesem Hintergrund auf Basis einer wissenssoziologischen Diskursanalyse, wie Gender im Diskurs um „mehr Männer in soziale Berufe“ auf der Ebene der Träger hervorgebracht wird. Letztere werden am Beispiel der kirchlichen Wohlfahrtsverbände als größte Anstellungsträger untersucht. Als analytische Perspektiven dienen Gender als diskursive Konstruktion, hegemoniale Männlichkeit und Intersektionalität. Als Ergebnis zeigen sich drei verschiedene Diskurse, die jeweils spezifische Gender- und Männlichkeitskonstruktionen hervorbringen. Insgesamt konstruieren die Diskurse jedoch eine heteronormative Zweigeschlechtlichkeit, wobei innerhalb der Diskurse das Verhältnis von Natur und Kultur als Ursache dieser variiert.
Deutungen häuslicher Gewalt von Betroffenen im Kontext normativer Bilder und gesellschaftlicher Erwartungshaltungen
Authors: Nef Susanne
Published: May 2021

Im öffentlichen Diskurs, sozialpädagogischer Praxis und Gewaltforschung lässt sich feststellen, dass häufig von einer Essenz des Phänomens „Gewalt“ ausgegangen wird. Auch in der empirischen Forschung zu Gewalt in Paarbeziehungen wird zumeist a priori gesetzt, was darunter gefasst wird. Wie Betroffene das Erlebte selbst deuten, steht hingegen nur sehr selten im Fokus. Basierend auf einer qualitativen Studie wird daher der Frage nachgegangen, wie Personen, die häusliche Gewalt in Paarbeziehungen erfahren haben, die Gewalt und ihre Gewalterfahrungen deuten und wie diese Deutungen sozial hergestellt werden. Anhand einer theoretischen Modellierung wird aufgezeigt, dass Gewalt in Beziehungen nicht auf situative Dynamiken reduziert werden kann und nicht nur Gegenstand (körperlicher) Erfahrung ist, sondern im Zentrum von intersubjektiven Deutungs- und Aushandlungsprozessen steht, die sich u. a. an normativen Bildern und gesellschaftlichen Erwartungen orientieren. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird mit Blick auf die sozialpädagogische Forschungspraxis für den Zugang der verstehenden Gewaltforschung argumentiert.
A Rare Case of Micro-Angiopathic Hemolytic Anemia Due to Envenoming by Giant Asian Honey Bee (Apis dorsata)
Authors: Witharana Rohitha Amara , Dissanayake Arosha , Karunaratne Inoka , Wijesinghe Samantha
Published: May 2021

Giant Asian honey bee sting envenoming is a recognized cause of morbidity and mortality in rural Sri Lanka. Mass envenoming causes clinical effects, either as allergic and anaphylactic reactions or bee sting toxin-induced multiorgan damage. We report a patient who had mass envenoming from more than 1000 stingers who subsequently developed hematologic features suggestive of thrombotic microangiopathy-related hemolytic anemia. The transient acute kidney injury and acute hepatic failure seen in the patient were also considered to be secondary to thrombotic microangiopathy. A normal clotting profile and a high proportion of schistocytes in blood film ruled out disseminated intravascular coagulation as the underlying cause of the microangiopathic hemolytic anemia. The normal platelet count raised the possibility of a “partial” thrombotic microangiopathy, as has previously been reported in association with Shiga toxin-related hemolytic uremic syndrome and hump-nosed pit viper envenoming. Venom-induced direct toxicity on red cells was another possible explanation for the hemolysis, but the high proportion of schistocytes made it less likely. The place of therapeutic plasma exchange for venom-associated thrombotic microangiopathy is controversial. The patient recovered with symptomatic treatment and meticulous fluid management, without needing therapeutic plasma exchange as an adjunct treatment.
Minorities and the Making of Postcolonial States in International Law
Authors: Shahabuddin Mohammad
Published: May 2021

The ideological function of the postcolonial 'national', 'liberal', and 'developmental' state inflicts various forms of marginalisation on minorities, but simultaneously justifies oppression in the name of national unity, equality and non-discrimination, and economic development. International law plays a central role in the ideological making of the postcolonial state in relation to postcolonial boundaries, the liberal-individualist architecture of rights, and the neoliberal economic vision of development. In this process, international law subjugates minority interests and in turn aggravates the problem of ethno-nationalism. Analysing the geneses of ethno-nationalism in postcolonial states, Mohammad Shahabuddin substantiates these arguments with in-depth case studies on the Rohingya and the hill people of the Chittagong Hill Tracts, against the historical backdrop of the minority question in Indian nationalist and constitutional discourse. Shahabuddin also proposes alternative international law frameworks for minorities.
Beethoven's Symphonies Arranged for the Chamber
Authors: November Nancy
Published: May 2021

Early nineteenth-century composers, publishers and writers evolved influential ideals of Beethoven's symphonies as untouchable masterpieces. Meanwhile, many and various arrangements of symphonies, principally for amateur performers, supported diverse and 'hands-on' cultivation of the same works. Now mostly forgotten, these arrangements served a vital function in nineteenth-century musical life, extending works' meanings and reach, especially to women in the home. This book places domestic music-making back into the history of the classical symphony. It investigates a largely untapped wealth of early nineteenth-century arrangements of symphonies by Beethoven - for piano, string quartet, mixed quintet and other ensembles. The study focuses on three key agents in the nineteenth-century culture of musical arrangement: arrangers, publishers and performers. It investigates significant functions of those musical arrangements in the era: sociability, reception and canon formation. The volume also explores how conceptions of Beethoven's symphonies, and their arrangement, changed across the era with changing conception of musical works.
Democratizing Global Justice
Authors: Dryzek John S. , Tanasoca Ana
Published: May 2021

The tensions between democracy and justice have long preoccupied political theorists. Institutions that are procedurally democratic do not necessarily make substantively just decisions. Democratizing Global Justice shows that democracy and justice can be mutually reinforcing in global governance - a domain where both are conspicuously lacking - and indeed that global justice requires global democratization. This novel reconceptualization of the problematic relationship between global democracy and global justice emphasises the role of inclusive deliberative processes. These processes can empower the agents necessary to determine what justice should mean and how it should be implemented in any given context. Key agents include citizens and the global poor; and not just the states but also international organizations and advocacy groups active in global governance. The argument is informed by and applied to the decision process leading to adoption of the Sustainable Development Goals, and climate governance inasmuch as it takes on questions of climate justice.
Chaucer and Fame
Authors: Bellis Joanna , Blamires Alcuin , Boffey Julia , Downes Stephanie , Edwards A. S. G. , Fumo Jamie C. , Galloway Andrew , Havely Nick , Prendergast Thomas A. , Rodman Jones Mike , Rossiter William T. , Strakhov Elizaveta
Published: May 2021

Fama, or fame, is a central concern of late medieval literature. Where fame came from, who deserved it, whether it was desirable, how it was acquired and kept were significant inquiries for a culture that relied extensively on personal credit and reputation. An interest in fame was not new, being inherited from the classical world, but was renewed and rethought within the vernacular revolutions of the later Middle Ages. The work of Geoffrey Chaucer shows a preoccupation with ideas on the subject of fama, not only those received from the classical world but also those of his near contemporaries; via an engagement with their texts, he aimed to negotiate a place for his own work in the literary canon, establishing fame as the subject-site at which literary theory was contested and writerly reputation won. Chaucer's place in these negotiations was readily recognized in his aftermath, as later writers adopted and reworked postures which Chaucer had struck, in their own bids for literary place. This volume considers the debates on fama which were past, present and future to Chaucer, using his work as a centre point to investigate canon formation in European literature from the late Middle Ages and into the Early Modern period. Isabel Davis is Senior Lecturer in Medieval Literature at Birkbeck, University of London; Catherine Nall is Senior Lecturer in Medieval Literature at Royal Holloway, University of London. Contributors: Joanna Bellis, Alcuin Blamires, Julia Boffey, Isabel Davis, Stephanie Downes, A.S.G. Edwards, Jamie C. Fumo, Andrew Galloway, Nick Havely, Thomas A. Prendergast, Mike Rodman Jones, William T. Rossiter, Elizaveta Strakhov.
Early Medieval Stone Monuments
Authors: O'Leary Clíodhna , Back Danielsson Ing-Marie , Crouwers Iris , Ni Ghradaigh Jenifer , Hall Mark A.
Published: May 2021

Often fragmented and without context, early medieval inscribed and sculpted stone monuments of the fifth to eleventh centuries AD have been mainly studied via their shape, their decoration and the texts a fraction of them bear. This book, investigating stone monuments from Ireland, Britain and Scandinavia (including the important memorials at Iniscealtra, County Clare), advocates three relatively new, distinctive and interconnected approaches to the lithic heritage of the early Middle Ages. Building on recent theoretical trends in archaeology and material culture studies in particular, it uses the themes of materiality, biography and landscape to reveal how carved stones created senses of identity and history for early medieval communities and kingdom. An extensive introduction and eight chapters span the disciplines of history, art-history and archaeology, exploring how shaping stone in turn shaped and re-shaped early medieval societies.

Howard Williams is Professor of Archaeology, University of Chester. Joanne Kirton is Project Manager, Big Heritage, Chester. Meggen Gondek is Reader in Archaeology, University of Chester.

Contributors: Ing-Marie Back Danielsson, Iris Crouwers, Meggen Gondek, Mark A. Hall, Joanne Kirton, Jenifer Ní Ghrádaigh, Clíodhna O'Leary, Howard Williams.
Emotions in Medieval Arthurian Literature
Authors: Fuksas Anatole Pierre , Lynch Andrew , Baden-Daintree Anne , Cooper Helen , Gilbert Jane , Radulescu Raluca , Rikhardsdottir Sif
Published: May 2021

Literary texts complicate our understanding of medieval emotions; they not only represent characters experiencing emotion and reaction emotionally to the behaviour of others within the text, but also evoke and play upon emotion in the audiences which heard these texts performed or read. The presentation and depiction of emotion in the single most prominent and influential story matter of the Middle Ages, the Arthurian legend, is the subject of this volume. Covering texts written in English, French, Dutch, German, Latin and Norwegian, the essays presented here explore notions of embodiment, the affective quality of the construction of mind, and the intermediary role of the voice as both an embodied and consciously articulating emotion. Frank Brandsma teaches Comparative Literature (Middle Ages) at Utrecht University; Carolyne Larrington is a Fellow in medieval English at St John's College, Oxford; Corinne Saunders is Professor of Medieval Literature in the Department of English Studies and Co-Director of the Centre for Medical Humanities at the University of Durham. Contributors: Anne Baden-Daintree, Frank Brandsma, Helen Cooper, Anatole Pierre Fuksas, Jane Gilbert, Carolyne Larrington, Andrew Lynch, Raluca Radulescu, Sif Rikhardsdottir, Corinne Saunders,
The Auchinleck Manuscript: New Perspectives
Authors: Edwards A S G , Phillips Helen , Pearsall Derek , Bridges Venetia , Butler Patrick , Calkin Siobhain Bly , Vaughan Miceal F , Libbon Marisa , Hume Cathy , Hanna Ralph , Higgins Ann , Runde Emily , Shonk Timothy A.
Published: May 2021

Created in London c. 1340, the Auchinleck manuscript (Edinburgh, National Library of Scotland Advocates MS 19.2.1) is of crucial importance as the first book designed to convey in the English language an ambitious range of secular romance and chronicle. Evidently made in London by professional scribes for a secular patron, this tantalizing volume embodies a massive amount of material evidence as to London commercial book production and the demand for vernacular texts in the early fourteenth century. But its origins are mysterious: who were its makers? its users? how was it made? what end did it serve?  The essays in this collection define the parameters of present-day Auchinleck studies. They scrutinize the manuscript's rich and varied contents; reopen theories and controversies regarding the book's making; trace the operations and interworkings of the scribes, compiler, and illuminators; tease out matters of patron and audience; interpret the contested signs of linguisticand national identity; and assess Auchinleck's implied literary values beside those of Chaucer. Geography, politics, international relations and multilingualism become pressing subjects, too, alongside critical analyses of literary substance. Susanna Fein is Professor of English at Kent State University (Kent, Ohio) and editor of The Chaucer Review.  Contributors: Venetia Bridges, Patrick Butler, Siobhain Bly Calkin, A. S. G. Edwards, Ralph Hanna, Ann Higgins, Cathy Hume, Marisa Libbon, Derek Pearsall, Helen Phillips, Emily Runde, Timothy A. Shonk, M-l F. Vaughan.
George Rochberg, American Composer
Authors: Wlodarski Amy Lynn
Published: May 2021

Based on private diaries, correspondence, and unpublished writings, George Rochberg, American Composer reveals the impact of personal trauma on the creative and intellectual work of a leading postmodern composer.
The Cult of St George in Medieval England
Authors: Good Jonathan
Published: May 2021

A survey of the cult of St George in the middle ages, investigating its beginning and growth, and its manipulation for political and other ends.
Ice drilling on Skytrain Ice Rise and Sherman Island, Antarctica
Authors: Mulvaney Robert , Rix Julius , Polfrey Scott , Grieman Mackenzie , Martìn Carlos , Nehrbass-Ahles Christoph , Rowell Isobel , Tuckwell Rebecca , Wolff Eric
Published: May 2021

To understand the long-term climate and glaciological evolution of the ice sheet in the region bordering the Weddell Sea, the British Antarctic Survey has undertaken a series of successful ice core projects drilling to bedrock on Berkner Island, James Ross Island and the Fletcher Promontory. A new project, WACSWAIN, seeks to increase this knowledge by further drilling to bedrock on two further ice rises in this region. In a single-season project, an ice core was recovered to bedrock at 651 m on Skytrain Ice Rise using an ice core drill in a fluid-filled borehole. In a second season, a rapid access drill was used to recover ice chips to 323 m on Sherman Island in a dry borehole, though failing to reach the bedrock which was at an estimated depth of 428 m.
Using NYC 311 Call Center Data to Assess Short- and Long-Term Needs Following Hurricane Sandy
Authors: Eugene Adriana , Alpert Naomi , Lieberman-Cribbin Wil , Taioli Emanuela
Published: May 2021

Objectives:

Hurricane Sandy made landfall across New York City (NYC) in October 2012, but the long-term consequences of the storm are still not fully understood. We analyzed NYC data to quantify the extent of Hurricane Sandy-related concerns over time.

Methods:

Data on NYC 311 Call Center inquiries were downloaded from the NYC Open Data website (October 29, 2012 to May 26, 2020) to provide information about Sandy-related calls using the keywords “Hurricane” and “Sandy”.

Results:

In the first 2 wk after Hurricane Sandy, 15.6% of 311 calls were related to the storm. From 2012 to 2020, the volume of inquiries decreased from 87,209 to 25. The majority of calls in 2012 (49,181; 56%) was requesting general Hurricane Sandy information, and in 2020 assistance with property restoration (20; 79%)

Conclusions:

The long-term consequences of Hurricane Sandy in NYC persist into 2020, almost 8 y after the initial event. The needs of Hurricane Sandy victims have changed over time from requiring general information regarding closures, property destruction and immediate disaster relief to aid with legal, financial, and mental health consequences. Disaster response policy-makers must understand the changing needs of NYC residents to provide resources and prepare for future disasters.
Skew characters and cyclic sieving
Authors: Alexandersson Per , Pfannerer Stephan , Rubey Martin , Uhlin Joakim
Published: May 2021

In 2010, Rhoades proved that promotion on rectangular standard Young tableaux, together with the associated fake-degree polynomial, provides an instance of the cyclic sieving phenomenon. We extend this result tom-tuples of skew standard Young tableaux of the same shape, for fixedm, subject to the condition that themth power of the associated fake-degree polynomial evaluates to nonnegative integers at roots of unity. However, we are unable to specify an explicit group action. Put differently, we determine in which cases themth tensor power of a skew character of the symmetric group carries a permutation representation of the cyclic group.

To do so, we use a method proposed by Amini and the first author, which amounts to establishing a bound on the number of border-strip tableaux of skew shape. Finally, we apply our results to the invariant theory of tensor powers of the adjoint representation of the general linear group. In particular, we prove the existence of a bijection between permutations and Stembridge’s alternating tableaux, which intertwines rotation and promotion.
Relationship of several serum folate forms with kidney function and albuminuria: cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) 2011–2018
Authors: Liu Mengyi , Zhou Chun , Zhang Zhuxian , Li Qinqin , He Panpan , Zhang Yuanyuan , Li Huan , Liu Chengzhang , Fan Hou Fan , Qin Xianhui
Published: May 2021

We aim to examine the relation of several folate forms (5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-mTHF), unmetabolised folic acid (UMFA) and MeFox) with kidney function and albuminuria, which remained uncertain. The cross-sectional study was conducted in 18 757 participants from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2018. The kidney outcomes were reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (<60 ml/min/1·73 m2), microalbuminuria (albumin:creatinine ratio (ACR) of 30–299 mg/g) and macroalbuminuria (ACR ≥ 300 mg/g). Overall, there were significant inverse associations between serum 5-mTHF and kidney outcomes with significant lower prevalence of reduced eGFR (OR, 0·71; 95 % CI: 0·57, 0·87) and macroalbuminuria (OR, 0·65; 95 % CI: 0·46, 0·91) in participants in quartiles 3–4 (v.quartiles 1–2; bothPfor trendacross quartiles <0·05). In contrast, there were significant positive relationship between serum UMFA and kidney outcomes with significant higher prevalence of reduced eGFR in participants in quartiles 2–4 (v.quartile 1; OR, 2·12; 95 % CI: 1·45, 3·12;Pfor trend<0·001) and higher prevalence of macroalbuminuria in participants in quartile 4 (v.quartiles 1–3; OR, 1·46; 95 % CI: 1·06, 2·01;Pfor trend<0·001). However, there was no significant associations of 5-mTHF and UMFA with microalbuminuria. In addition, there were significant positive relationships of serum MeFox with reduced eGFR, microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria (allPfor trend<0·01). In conclusion, higher 5-mTHF level, along with lower UMFA and MeFox level, was associated with lower prevalence of kidney outcomes, which may help counsel future clinical trials and nutritional guidelines regarding the folate supplement.
Principal component analysis of textural characteristics of fluvio-lacustrine sandstones and controlling factors of sandstone textures
Authors: Zheng Dong-Yu , Wu Si-Xuan
Published: May 2021

Textures are important features of sandstones; however, their controlling factors are not fully understood. We present a detailed textural analysis of fluvio-lacustrine sandstones and discuss the influences of provenance and depositional environments on sandstone textures. The upper Permian – lowermost Triassic Wutonggou sandstones in the Bogda Mountains, NW China, are the focus of this study. Sandstone thin-sections were studied by point counting and their textures were analysed using statistical and principal component analysis. Fluvial lithic, fluvial feldspathic, deltaic lithic, deltaic feldspathic, littoral lithic and littoral feldspathic sandstone were classified and compared. These comparisons indicate that lithic and feldspathic sandstones from the same depositional settings have significant differences in graphic mean, graphic standard deviation and roundness; in contrast, sandstones from different depositional settings but with similar compositions have limited differences in textures. Moreover, three principal components (PCs) are recognized to explain 75% of the total variance, of which the first principal component (PC1) can explain 44%. In bivariate plots of the PCs, sandstones can be distinguished by composition where lithic and feldspathic sandstones are placed in different fields of the plots along the axis of PC1. However, sandstones from different depositional settings overlap and show no clear division. These results indicate that provenance, mainly the source lithology, is the most significant controlling factor on sandstone texture, whereas the depositional environment has limited influence. This study improves our understanding of textural characteristics of fluvio-lacustrine sandstones and their controlling factors, and shows the potentiality of principal component analysis in sandstone studies.
Is sonographic intra-nodular vascularity a reliable predictor of thyroid malignancy? A UK tertiary centre study
Authors: Omakobia E , McClean S , England J , Walden A
Published: May 2021

Objective

British Thyroid Association 2014 guidelines emphasised ultrasound assessment of nodules. One ultrasonographic differentiator of debatable relevance is intra-nodular vascularity. This is the first UK study conducted to address this question.

Methods

Ultrasound reports for thyroid surgery patients over 10 years were retrospectively reviewed. Reports documenting ‘intra-nodular vascularity or flow’ were analysed. Reports identifying peripheral vascularity only or no intra-nodular flow formed the control group. Concordance with final histology was used to determine the odds ratio for malignancy.

Results

A total of 306 patients were included, and 119 (38.9 per cent) nodules demonstrated intra-nodular vascularity. Of these, 60 (50.4 per cent) were malignant compared with 42 per cent in the control group. Intra-nodular vascularity was not a statistically significant predictor of malignancy with an odds ratio of 1.39 (p = 0.18, 95 per cent confidence interval, 0.86–2.23).

Conclusion

Intra-nodular vascularity in isolation was not a reliable predictor of malignancy. This supports other world literature studies. Although intra-nodular flow should not be relied upon in isolation, interpretation in conjunction with other suspicious findings enhances the predictive value.
Addressing Communication Breakdowns during Emergency Care Transitions of Older Adults: Evaluation of a Standardized Inter-Facility Health Care Communication Form
Authors: McLane Patrick , Tate Kaitlyn , Reid R. Colin , Rowe Brian H. , Estabrooks Carole , Cummings Greta G.
Published: May 2021

Transitions for older persons from long-term care (LTC) to the emergency department (ED) and back, can result in adverse events. Effective communication among care settings is required to ensure continuity of care. We implemented a standardized form for improving consistency of documentation during LTC to ED transitions of residents 65 years of age or older, via emergency medical services (EMS), and back. Data on form use and form completion were collected through chart review. Practitioners’ perspectives were collected using surveys. The form was used in 90/244 (37%) LTC to ED transitions, with large variation in data element completion. EMS and ED reported improved identification of resident information. LTC personnel preferred usual practice to the new form and twice reported prioritizing form completion before calling 911. To minimize risk of harmful unintended consequences, communication forms should be implemented as part of broader quality improvement programs, rather than as stand-alone interventions.
THE WIND GOD AND THE DESCENT OF THE TZITZIMITL: NEW INSIGHTS ON THE ICONOGRAPHY AND PROVENANCE OF THE MOSAIC-ENCRUSTED BIRD HEAD AT THE FRIEDENSTEIN PALACE, GOTHA, GERMANY
Authors: Domenici Davide , Dupey García Élodie
Published: May 2021

The Friedenstein Palace in Gotha, Germany, holds a Late Postclassic Mesoamerican bird head sculpture made of wood encrusted with precious stone and shell mosaic. Although known since the nineteenth century, scholars have not given the artifact the attention it deserves. Based on observations made during a thorough in situ inspection, we provide a detailed description of the object, stressing both technological and aesthetic aspects, documented through new photos and reconstructive drawings prepared by Nicolas Latsanopoulos. Then, we offer an interpretation of the artifact's iconography, demonstrating it should be understood as a representation of the Wind God in its manifestation as a Tzitzimitl, a category of deities associated with creation and destruction; an aspect made evident in the small figure adorning the avian forehead. We finally reconstruct the collection history of the object, suggesting that the Giustiniani family, a prominent Roman noble family renowned for its collecting activities, once owned the sculpture; in turn, this proposal might imply that the Dominican friar Domingo de Betanzos brought the mosaic to Italy in 1532 and that it might be originally from the Puebla-Tlaxcala Valley or, more broadly, from the south-central area of the modern state of Puebla.
Do platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) have a predictive value on pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) results?
Authors: Arslanoğlu Ergin , Çine Nihat , Kara Kenan Abdurrahman , Tunçer Eylem , Ukil Işıldak Fatma , Yavuz Yasemin , Yılmaz Abdullah Arif , Tomrukcu Fatih , Arkan Cuneyt , Yigit Fatih , Ceyran Hakan
Published: May 2021

Background:

It is difficult to predict the complications and prognosis of ECMO, which is gaining widespread use in patients with pediatric surgery. Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) are emerging inflammatory markers that can be calculated from complete blood count, which is a cheap and easily accessible laboratory analysis. The ratios between cellular elements in peripheral blood have been demonstrated to provide information on inflammation, infection, and immune response.

Methods:

Sixty-seven patients who needed ECMO application after undergoing pediatric cardiovascular surgery in our clinic, between May 2005 and April 2020, were included in this study. The age of patients varied between 4 days and 17 years with a mean of 30.59 ± 147.26 months.

Results:

The relationships between PLR or NLR values and various blood parameters and blood gas results were found to be statistically nonsignificant in our group of pediatric ECMO recipients. Even if the effect of PLR and NLR values on mortality and prognosis is statistically nonsignificant in patients who need ECMO after congenital heart surgery, PLR and NLR are typically elevated in the postoperative period. An increase in these values above a certain threshold may be a statistically significant indicator for the prediction of mortality.

Conclusions:

There are few studies in the literature concerning PLR and NLR values in patients with pediatric heart surgery. We consider this study will make way for new studies in the future.
Transnational solidarity among political elites: what determines support for financial redistribution within the EU in times of crisis?
Authors: Reinl Ann-Kathrin , Giebler Heiko
Published: May 2021

As a consequence of the European Economic Crisis, the European Union (EU) has implanted mechanisms to assist fellow member states facing economic difficulties. Despite an increasing academic interest in public preferences for such intra-EU solidarity measures, research has so far largely ignored individual characteristics that could possibly influence politicians’ views. In this paper, we look at politicians’ preferences for transnational solidarity and argue that these preferences depend on attitudes regarding socioeconomic issues as well as attitudes related to the EU. Moreover, we hypothesize that the relationship is moderated by responsibility attribution and the economic situation in a country. Using survey data of about 4000 politicians running for office in nine EU countries, we find that transnational solidarity is more common for socioeconomically left-wing and pro-EU politicians. Yet, attitudinal differences only cease to matter when the beneficiary state is perceived responsible for the crisis and economic problems at home are low.
The Church of America and the Heresy of Peace
Authors: Erdozain Dominic
Published: May 2021

America, said G. K. Chesterton, is a nation with the soul of a church. It is a sacred community commanding sacrificial loyalty. It is also a violent and weapon-loving civilization, in which force is tethered to patriotism and national identity. American culture is at once militarist and theological, Christian and violent. How can this paradox be explained? This article discusses the role of New England puritanism in establishing a providentialist nationalism that would define war as a theological prerogative and non-violence as heresy. It shows how theologians such as Cotton Mather identified the emerging nation of America with the sacred vessel of the Christian church to the point that ‘chosenness’ or divine election represented a blank cheque for military adventure. It also shows how theologies of peace and restraint were anathematized as not merely heretical but a form of spiritual violence against the American project. In this sense, American nationhood functions as a controlling consideration akin to an institution, and Christian pacifism serves as a charismatic critique – or inspiration. To what extent were attitudes to violence framed by models of salvation? How did identity or chosenness trump ethics or the duty of love in the puritan imagination? The article concludes with more recent observations about the relationship of the ‘institution’ of nationhood to the troublesome, fissiparous energies of peace.
Tsunami Induced by the Strike‐Slip Fault of the 2018 Palu Earthquake (Mw = 7.5), Sulawesi Island, Indonesia
Authors: Ho Tung‐Cheng , Satake Kenji , Watada Shingo , Hsieh Ming‐Che , Chuang Ray Y. , Aoki Yosuke , Mulia Iyan E. , Gusman Aditya Riadi , Lu Chih‐Heng
Published: May 2021

An unusual devastating tsunami occurred on September 28, 2018 after a strike‐slip faulting earthquake in Sulawesi, Indonesia. The induced tsunami struck Palu city with ∼4‐m flow depth. We performed two analyses to investigate the source of the tsunami. We first conducted the teleseismic source inversion and obtained the overall slip distribution of the strike‐slip fault. Our tsunami simulation from the coseismic deformation of the seismically estimated strike‐slip faulting produced a tsunami comparable to the leading part of the observation at Pantoloan. In order to reconstruct the detailed slip distribution on the fault plane, we then jointly utilized the tsunami waveform and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data. Because of the lack of SAR data in the bay, the tsunami data is necessary to constrain the offshore slip distribution, which directly induces the tsunami. The inverted source model shows a strike‐slip fault which consists of three segments extending from the epicenter to the south of 1.4°S with two bends and two asperities around Palu city. The joint inversion model accurately reconstructs the observed surface displacements and the leading part of the tsunami waveform. Our result exhibits the significant contribution of the strike‐slip faulting to the tsunami, but it also suggests additional tsunami sources, such as landslides, for the high inundations near Palu bay. The result also indicates that regional devastating tsunamis can be generated by an onshore strike‐slip fault with localized large dip slip.
Isotopic and Concentration Analyses of CO2 and CH4 in Association With the Eddy‐Covariance Based Measurements in a Tropical Forest of Northeast India
Authors: Metya Abirlal , Chakraborty Supriyo , Bhattacharya S. K. , Datye Amey , Deb Burman Pramit K. , Dasgupta Panini , Sarma Dipankar , Gogoi Nirmali , Bora Abhijit
Published: May 2021

Among the natural ecosystems, forests and wetlands emit a sizable amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) through autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration and bacterial activities. Interestingly, some evidence suggests that a significant amount of CH4 is generated by the trees in forested ecosystems. The net ecosystem exchange (NEE), measured by the eddy covariance (EC) method, typically represents the net CO2 flux arising from the photosynthetic and respiration processes in the biosphere. This flux is subsequently partitioned into two components, the respired carbon and the assimilated carbon. However, the usual method of partitioning introduces significant errors in each of these fluxes. The present study was undertaken to address this issue where the NEE partitioning was constrained by using the carbon isotopic ratios of CO2. We used a real‐time in situ analyzer in a tropical forest in northeast India, the Kaziranga National Park. The greenhouse gas analyzer provided CO2 and CH4 concentrations, as well as their carbon isotopic ratios. The isotopic data were used to partition the EC‐derived NEE values and derive the isoflux values. Additionally, the isotopic data provided evidence of plant‐generated CH4 in conformity with some recent studies, which requires further investigation.
Quantifying the Occurrence of Record Hot Years Through Normalized Warming Trends
Authors: Zeng Xubin , Reeves Eyre J. E. Jack , Dixon Ross D. , Arevalo Jorge
Published: May 2021

Surface air temperature trends and extreme events are of global concern and they are related. Here, we show that the occurrence of record hot years over different latitudes from 1960 to 2019 are more strongly correlated with the observational annual mean temperature trends normalized by internal variability. Compared with the raw trends showing Arctic amplification, the normalized trends show a tropical amplification over land. Two hot spots with more frequent occurrence of record hot years are identified: northern hemisphere ocean (vs. land) and southern hemisphere tropical land (vs. mid‐ and high‐latitude lands). Ensemble mean results from 32 Earth system models agree with observations better than individual models, but they do not reproduce observed large differences in correlations across latitudes between normalized trends and record‐breaking events over land versus ocean. Our results enable the quantification of record hot year occurrence through normalized warming trends and provide new metrics for model evaluation and improvement.
Regionally Different Precipitation Trends Over the Tibetan Plateau in the Warming Context: A Perspective of the Tibetan Plateau Vortices
Authors: Li Lun , Zhang Renhe , Wen Min , Lv Junmei
Published: May 2021

Precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) significantly affects both the local ecology and the downstream water resources. In this study, it is found that there exists an increasing precipitation trend over the northern TP but not in the southern TP, which is interpreted from the perspective of the activities of Tibetan Plateau vortices (TPVs). In the context of recent warming over the TP, the increasing rate of genesis frequency of TPVs over the northern TP is remarkably larger than that over the southern TP, which is responsible for different precipitation trends in the northern and southern TP, respectively. That is, the most significant warming over the TP appears in the upper troposphere, which intensifies the 200 hPa westerly jet north of the TP, hereby produces more favorable conditions for the genesis of TPVs over the northern TP than over southern TP, and contributes to regional difference in precipitation trends.
On the Formation of Phantom Electron Phase Space Density Peaks in Single Spacecraft Radiation Belt Data
Authors: Olifer L. , Mann I. R. , Ozeke L. G. , Morley S. K. , Louis H. L.
Published: May 2021

This study examines the rapid losses and acceleration of trapped relativistic and ultrarelativistic electron populations in the Van Allen radiation belt during the September 7–9, 2017 geomagnetic storm. By analyzing the dynamics of the last closed drift shell (LCDS), and the electron flux and phase space density (PSD), we show that the electron dropouts are consistent with magnetopause shadowing and outward radial diffusion to the compressed LCDS. During the recovery phase, an in‐bound pass of Van Allen Probe A shows an apparent local peak in PSD, which does not exist in reality. A careful analysis of the multipoint measurements by the Van Allen Probes reveals instead how the apparent PSD peak arises from aliasing monotonic PSD profiles which are rapidly increasing due to acceleration from very fast inwards radial diffusion. In the absence of such multisatellite conjunctions during fast acceleration events, such peaks might otherwise be associated with local acceleration processes.
Dynamics of the Tongue of Ionizations During the Geomagnetic Storm on September 7, 2015
Authors: Zhang Kedeng , Wang Hui , Liu Jing , Zheng Zhichao , He Yangfan , Gao Jie , Sun Luyuan , Zhong Yunfang
Published: May 2021

The dynamic evolution of the double tongue of ionization (TOI) into a single TOI at 400 km altitude during the geomagnetic storm on September 7, 2015 was studied using the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program observations and Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamic General Circulation model simulations. The double TOIs occurred in the presence of increased southward Bz and weak positive By, while the single TOI occurred in the presence of northward turning of Bz and duskward turning of By. In both double and single TOI events, the plasma at middle latitudes in the afternoon (prenoon) sector was greatly enhanced due to the local upward (upward) and zonal (meridional) E × B drift. The transition process is due to both the northward and duskward turning of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). The northward turning of IMF Bz weakens the storm enhanced density (SED) and the TOI in both afternoon and morning sectors, while the increasing duskward IMF By strengthens the morning TOI.