bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STRENGTH AND DURABILITY OF SMALL PIECE PRODUCTS MADE FROM FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE
Authors: BARANOV Alexandr S.
Published: February 2018

This research studies eff ects of technology factors on strength and durability of fi bre reinforced concrete. It theoretically proves the infl uence of elastic aftereff ect deformation values on fi bre reinforced concrete strength and durability. The paper proves that high-modulus fi ber reinforcement leads to lowering the eff ects of the infl uence of elastic aftereff ect deformation on fi bre reinforced concrete strength and durability. It also demonstrates that basalt fi bre and superplasticizing admixture C-3 integrated use in fi bre reinforced concrete reduces the deformation value of elastic aftereff ect to 25% and makes it possible to obtain a material with FI 400 and above frost resistance properties.
Uma espaçonave na aldeia indígena
Authors: Medeiros Sérgio Luiz Rodrigues
Published: February 2018

O antropólogo Pedro Cesarino contou no romance Rio acima, publicado em 2016, seu primeiro livro de ficção, como um mito indígena brasileiro foi descoberto. Este tema lhe permite discutir algumas questões cruciais para as ciências humanas, como ritos secretos e narrativas e poemas secretos.
Interplay Wellbeing Framework: Community Perspectives on Working Together for Effective Service Delivery in Remote Aboriginal Communities
Authors: McRae-Williams Eva , Yamaguchi Jessica , Wilson Byron , Schultz Rosalie , Abbott Tammy , Cairney Sheree
Published: February 2018

Access to effective services and programs is necessary to improve wellbeing for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people living in remote Australia. Without genuine participation of Aboriginal community members in the design, governance, and delivery of services, desired service delivery outcomes are rarely achieved. Using a "shared space" model, Aboriginal communities, governments, and scientists came together to design and develop the Interplay Wellbeing Framework. This Framework brings together stories and numbers (or qualitative and quantitative data) to represent community values for the purpose of informing program and policy agendas. This article unpacks what community members saw as making a service work well and why. The domains of empowerment and community functioning are discussed and their relationship to effective service delivery demonstrated.
Gender Analysis of Academic Achievement among the High School Students of Urban Srinagar and Rural Bandipora Districts
Authors: Guroo Tariq Ahmad
Published: February 2018

Education is the processes of developing the capacities and potentials of the individual so as to prepare that individual to be successful in his/her society. A lot of time and effort of the schools are used for helping students to achieve better in their scholastic activities. The importance of scholastic and academic achievement has raised important questions for educational researcher. What factors promote achievement in students? How far do the different factors contribute towards academic achievement?
Editorial
Authors: Silva Marina Vieira da , Belik Walter
Published: February 2018

O Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Alimentação (NEPA) entrega à comunidade científica o primeiro fascículo do volume 19 da revista Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (SAN), com nove artigos inéditos que versam direta e indiretamente sobre o tema central da revista e contribuem de forma significativa para a atualização do conhecimento, em sintonia com a relevante agenda de SAN. Esta edição reúne trabalhos que abordam a transição alimentar, o consumo de alimentos e impactos sobre a saúde e o ambiente, o programa nacional de alimentação escolar, a produção agrícola e o abastecimento e aspectos relativos à qualidade dos alimentos. Em resumo, esse número, mais uma vez, cumpre a sua missão de atualizar o leitor com informações de pesquisas sobre os vários aspectos da Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional.
Perfil dos voluntários de universidade brasileira a respeito do consumo de pescado
Authors: Maciel Erika da Silva , Vasconcelos Júlia Santos , Sonati Jaqueline Girnos , Savay-da-Silva Luciana Kimie , Galvão Juliana Antunes , Oetterer Marília
Published: February 2018

O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever as características dos consumidores e não consumidores de pescado tendo por base uma amostra de integrantes de comunidade universitária paulista. O instrumento utilizado foi um questionário on line, constituído de itens relacionados ao consumo de pescado e principais características envolvidas nesse processo. Em conjunto foi utilizado o questionário International Physical Activity Questionaire, para avaliação do Nível de Atividade Física e informações antropométricas (peso e altura) autorreferidas. A amostra foi composta por 1966 voluntários da Universidade de São Paulo (Brasil). Quanto ao Nível de Atividade Física dos indivíduos que não consomem pescado observou-se que 29,2% não atenderam a recomendação mínima de atividade física semanal, grupo que agrega os sedentários e os indivíduos insuficientemente ativos A e B. Foi observado que 22% apresentaram estado nutricional classificado como sobrepeso ou obesidade grau I. A maioria dos voluntários (27,11%) apresentou frequência de consumo de pescado de uma vez por semana. Do total, 5,13% não consumiram o pescado, destacando-se motivos como: sabor não atraente; falta de hábito; problemas de saúde (alergias); não saber preparar; dificuldade de avaliar o produto pela aparência; e indisponibilidade do produto no local de compra habitual. Fatores como preço e qualidade também se mostraram interferentes na decisão dos voluntários quanto ao consumir ou não o produto.
Concentração de retinol em bebidas lácteas achocolatadas enriquecidas em comparação às quantidades declaradas no rótulo
Authors: Ribeiro Penha Patrícia Cabral , Lima Mayara Santa Rosa , Beserra Andressa Fernanda de Lima , Ramalho Heryka Myrna Maia , Grilo Evellyn Câmara , Costa Priscila Nunes , Dimenstein Roberto
Published: February 2018

A bebida láctea achocolatada é um produto lácteo amplamente consumido e que pode ser enriquecido com nutrientes essenciais, como forma de reforçar o seu valor nutricional e prevenir ou corrigir carências específicas na população, especialmente em crianças. Um desses nutrientes é a vitamina A, cuja deficiência é considerada um problema de saúde pública. O objetivo deste estudo foi quantificar o retinol presente em bebidas lácteas achocolatadas Ultra High Temperature - UHT enriquecidas e verificar a compatibilidade com os valores especificados nos rótulos. Para tanto, foram selecionadas aleatoriamente três marcas desses produtos (A, B e C), analisadas através de Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência (CLAE). A concentração de retinol é dada em μg/dL e os valores expressos em média e desvio-padrão. Os resultados mostraram que as marcas A e C apresentaram concentração de retinol condizente com a descrita nos rótulos (70,5 ±6,8 μg/dL e 73,5 ±8,2 μg/dL). Entretanto, a marca B apresentou concentração muito baixa (9,0 ±3,2 μg/dL), conflitante com a declarada (75,0 μg/dL). Tal situação evidencia a ausência de suplementação no achocolatado da marca B, fazendo-se necessária uma maior fiscalização nesses produtos, a fim de garantir que as informações presentes nos rótulos sejam confiáveis.
Situação nutricional de crianças em município de privilegiado Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano do semiárido brasileiro e sua relação com Insegurança Alimentar
Authors: Rocha Élida Mara Braga , Lima Roberto Teixeira de , Diniz Derlange Belizário , Almeida Paulo César de
Published: February 2018

As situações de Insegurança Alimentar (IA) podem ser detectadas a partir de diferentes problemas desde fome até obesidade. A análise da Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional por meio de estudos populacionais vem ocupando de forma crescente a agenda pública do Brasil. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi correlacionar o perfil nutricional com a situação de IA em crianças menores de cinco anos de idade em município de privilegiado Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano do semiárido brasileiro, Crato (CE). A pesquisa foi do tipo transversal, probabilística, com seleção das crianças por amostragem sistemática no “Dia D” da Campanha Nacional de Vacinação, em agosto de 2010. Um questionário socioeconômico e a Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar (EBIA) foram aplicados, além da aferição de peso e altura para a associação entre situação nutricional e situação de IA por meio do teste Qui-Quadrado (p < 0,05). Foram coletados dados de 352 crianças. Na análise da situação nutricional, a prevalência de sobrepeso foi acentuada para o indicador peso para altura (16,8%). Entretanto, quanto ao índice altura para idade, obteve-se uma prevalência elevada para desnutrição (7,1%). Contudo, não houve associação de desnutrição nem de sobrepeso com IA, assim, a EBIA se mostrou como indicador não relacionado aos distúrbios nutricionais..
A política brasileira de segurança alimentar e nutricional: concepção e resultados
Authors: Belik Walter
Published: February 2018

O artigo discute a utilização do conceito de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional no desenho do Projeto Fome Zero e a sua implementação a partir de diversos programas que tiveram início na década passada. Essa política pública é o resultado de uma trajetória histórica e de um novo contexto internacional no qual o combate à fome passou a ser associado ao reconhecimento de direitos por parte do Estado. Após apresentar alguns resultados o artigo conclui chamando a atenção para a necessidade de aperfeiçoar programas ligados ao abastecimento, educação alimentar e nutricional e agricultura urbana, de forma a viabilizar o funcionamento de um sistema integrado de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional.
Consumo de carotenoides no Brasil: a contribuição da alimentação fora do domicílio
Authors: Amancio Rodrigo Dantas , Silva Marina Vieira da
Published: February 2018

Carotenoides são substâncias bioativas e há evidencias que seu consumo exerce impacto positivo sobre a saúde. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a ingestão (total) de carotenoides pela população brasileira com destaque para o consumo fora do domicílio, de acordo com sexo, situação do domicílio e regiões. Utilizou-se como base de dados informações da Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares (2008-2009), realizada pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), envolvendo 34.003 indivíduos com idade acima de 10 anos. Um banco de dados foi construído para cálculo das médias de carotenoides presentes na dieta (total e fora do domicílio), adotando-se as informações do Nutrient Database for Standard Reference Release 23 – USDA e da Tabela Brasileira de Composição de Carotenoides em Alimentos. O consumo médio per capita foi de 4.117,0 μg/dia para carotenoides totais e 2.337,9 μg/dia para os pró-vitamínicos A. Os maiores consumidores de carotenoides (total; pró-vitamínico) foram as mulheres (4.245,8 μg/dia; 2.458,9 μg/dia), os moradores do meio urbano (4.143,2 μg/dia; 2.364,2 μg/dia) e habitantes da Região Sul (4.987,6 μg/dia; 2.948,9 μg/dia). Constatou-se que a contribuição fora do domicílio representou até ¼ da ingestão total. Os níveis de ingestão revelaram-se muito inferiores aos preconizados como seguros. Medidas de incentivo ao consumo de alimentos carotenogênicos são necessárias, especialmente com vistas à prevenção de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e no combate à hipovitaminose A.
Segurança alimentar e nutricional e qualidade de vida em assentamentos rurais
Authors: Souza-Esquerdo Vanilde Ferreira de , Bergamasco Sonia Maria Pessoa Pereira , Oliveira Julieta Teresa Aier de , Oliveira Érika de Souza
Published: February 2018

Os assentamentos rurais referem-se a um novo espaço em formação, onde muitos assentados optam inicialmente pelo plantio de gêneros alimentícios para a sua subsistência e depois para o mercado. Assim, a conquista da terra possui significados que vão desde o resgate à cidadania até a melhoria da condição de vida pela aquisição de bens, produtos e serviços. Nesse sentido, este trabalho objetivou analisar a reforma agrária enquanto uma política capaz de contribuir para a melhoria da qualidade de vida e promoção da Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional das famílias assentadas. Para tanto, foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema. São apresentados também os resultados preliminares da pesquisa em andamento “Segurança Alimentar no Campo”. Percebeu-se que a pobreza no meio rural tem uma ligação direta com a concentração fundiária. Apesar da precariedade dos assentamentos rurais, a vida dos assentados, quando comparada a de seus pais, está melhor. Além disso, a vida no assentamento possibilita condições de produção para o sustento da família, podendo assim garantir sua Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional.
Avaliação do atendimento às Boas Práticas de Fabricação relacionada à possível contaminação acidental por glúten em uma Unidade de Fabricação de Produtos Panificados
Authors: Bicudo Milene Oliveira Pereira , Ferreira Sila Mary Rodrigues , Sampaio Camila Ramos Pinto
Published: February 2018

Portadores de Doença Celíaca seguem uma dieta isenta de glúten e alguns deles não toleram nem quantidades traço desse elemento. Em empresas de panificação que utilizam processo misto de fabricação, a adoção de sistemas de qualidade, como Boas Práticas de Fabricação (BPF) e Procedimentos Operacionais Padronizados (POPs), torna-se indispensável para garantir a qualidade e a segurança dos produtos elaborados e rotulados como isentos de glúten. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o grau de atendimento às BPF e elaborar e implantar os POPs, referentes aos itens relacionados diretamente à contaminação acidental por glúten em uma unidade de fabricação de produtos panificados. Foi aplicada uma lista de verificação, elaborada com base na Resolução RDC nº 275, e, em seguida, foram elaboradas ações corretivas para os problemas encontrados. Foram elaborados POPs e quantificados os teores de glúten de amostras de tortilha doce e tortilha salgada. Após a adoção do plano de ação, a unidade passou a praticar adequadamente as normas relativas à qualidade. A elaboração de POPs juntamente com as medidas adotadas referentes às BPF foram eficientes no controle da contaminação por glúten, já que os teores obtido nas etapas de processamento e no produto acabado classificaram as tortilhas, segundo o Codex Alimentarius, como isentas de glúten.
Avaliação de políticas e programas de segurança alimentar e nutricional no Brasil: uma análise a partir do Plano Plurianual (PPA 2012-2015)
Authors: Souza Luciana Rosa de
Published: February 2018

O tema Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (SAN) tornou-se importante na agenda das políticas públicas brasileiras nos últimos anos. A gestão pública brasileira aprimorou-se muito com a implementação destas ações. Neste artigo, analisamos criticamente a política de SAN, em implementação no Brasil desde 2012. O estudo foi feito com base na relação planejamento versus execução orçamentária da política de SAN no Brasil, a qual sustentou-se na avaliação crítica do Plano Plurianual (PPA 2012-2015) que oferece um espectro do planejamento de médio prazo. Os avanços observados no planejamento desta política não foram suficientes para superar as falhas na alocação orçamentária, as quais foram evidenciadas pela análise da disponibilidade orçamentária alocada para cada programa que compõe a política de SAN. Apesar dos avanços observados no planejamento e execução da política de SAN no Brasil, ainda há necessidade de melhorias, especialmente no que concerne à questão orçamentária.
Exact Solutions of Brinkman Type Fluid Between Side Walls Over an Inﬁnite Plate
Authors: Islam Saeed , Asif Muhammad , Haq Samiul
Published: February 2018

In this paper Brinkman type ﬂuid over an inﬁnite plate between side walls is being investigated. The ﬂow is generated by oscillating shear stress of the bottom plate and the solutions are obtained by using Fourier integral transformation. The obtained results are presented in steady and transient states for both sin and cos shear stresses. The general solutions are reduced to some special cases corresponding, namely to the Brinkman type ﬂuid over an inﬁnite plate and ﬂow of a Newtonian viscous ﬂuid. Graphical illustrations are carried out to have in depth analysis of the involved physical parameters
Aplikasi Android pada Pembelajaran Fisika: Sebuah Solusi Mutakhir Pembelajaran Fisika di Era Global
Authors: Al-idrus Syayid Qosim M. Jafar
Published: February 2018

Abstract:. The study of physics in the globalization era faces many challenges. One such challenge is that students become less interested in traditional learning. In this era android applications are very popular among teenagers and may be an alternative to this problem. The purpose of this article is to describe the role of android application on physics learning of high school students especially on business material and energy. The method used is qualitative deskrptif. A Likert-scale questionnaire was used to collect data in this study. The object of this research is high school students of class X of Malang city. The result of this research is student response to android 3.60 in good criterion and on physics learning process equal to 3,03 in good creteria. These results indicate that students respond well to android applications used in the process of physics learning in the classroom.

 

Abstrak: Pembelajaran fisika di era globalisasi banyak menghadapi tantangan. Salah satu tantangan tersebut adalah siswa menjadi kurang tertarik dalam pembelajaran yang masih tradisional. Dimasa ini aplikasi android sangat populer dikalangan remaja dan mungkin bisa menjadi salah satu alternatif untuk permasalahan ini. Tujuan artikel ini adalah untuk mendiskripsikan peranan aplikasi android pada pembelajaran fisika siswa SMA khususnya pada materi usaha dan energi. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskrptif.  Lembar angket dengan skala Likert digunakan untuk mengambil data pada penelitian ini. Objek penelitian ini adalah siswa SMA kelas X kota Malang. Hasil penelitian ini adalah respon siswa terhadap android sebesar 3,60 dalam kreteria baik dan pada proses pemebelajaran fisika sebesar 3,03 dalam kreteria baik. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa siswa merespon baik aplikasi android yang digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran fisika di dalam kelas.
The Cost-Effectiveness of Surgical Fixation of Distal Radial Fractures
Authors: Rajan Prashant V. , Qudsi Rameez A. , Dyer George S.M. , Losina Elena
Published: February 2018

Background:

There is no consensus on the optimal fixation method for patients who require a surgical procedure for distal radial fractures. We used cost-effectiveness analyses to determine which of 3 modalities offers the best value: closed reduction and percutaneous pinning, open reduction and internal fixation, or external fixation.

Methods:

We developed a Markov model that projected short-term and long-term health benefits and costs in patients undergoing a surgical procedure for a distal radial fracture. Simulations began at the patient age of 50 years and were run over the patient’s lifetime. The analysis was conducted from health-care payer and societal perspectives. We estimated transition probabilities and quality-of-life values from the literature and determined costs from Medicare reimbursement schedules in 2016 U.S. dollars. Suboptimal postoperative outcomes were determined by rates of reduction loss (4% for closed reduction and percutaneous pinning, 1% for open reduction and internal fixation, and 11% for external fixation) and rates of orthopaedic complications. Procedural costs were $7,638 for closed reduction and percutaneous pinning, $10,170 for open reduction and internal fixation, and $9,886 for external fixation. Outputs were total costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), discounted at 3% per year. We considered willingness-to-pay thresholds of $50,000 and $100,000. We conducted deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses to evaluate the impact of data uncertainty.

Results:

From the health-care payer perspective, closed reduction and percutaneous pinning dominated (i.e., produced greater QALYs at lower costs than) open reduction and internal fixation and dominated external fixation. From the societal perspective, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for closed reduction and percutaneous pinning compared with open reduction and internal fixation was $21,058 per QALY and external fixation was dominated. In probabilistic sensitivity analysis, open reduction and internal fixation was cost-effective roughly 50% of the time compared with roughly 45% for closed reduction and percutaneous pinning.

Conclusions:

When considering data uncertainty, there is only a 5% to 10% difference in the frequency of probability combinations that find open reduction and internal fixation to be more cost-effective. The current degree of uncertainty in the data produces difficulty in distinguishing either strategy as being more cost-effective overall and thus it may be left to surgeon and patient shared decision-making.

Level of Evidence:

Economic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Effect of Posterior Malleolus Fracture on Syndesmotic Reduction
Authors: Fitzpatrick Elizabeth , Goetz Jessica E. , Sittapairoj Tinnart , Hosuru Siddappa Vinay , Femino John E. , Phisitkul Phinit
Published: February 2018

Background:

Syndesmotic malreduction and fractures of the posterior malleolus negatively influence outcomes of rotational ankle fractures. Recent data have shown that posterior malleolus fixation contributes to the stability of the syndesmosis. The purpose of this study was to analyze syndesmotic reduction within the context of different sizes of posterior malleolus fracture fragments and different qualities of reduction.

Methods:

A model of stage-IV supination-external rotation injury was created in 9 through-the-knee cadaveric specimens. The specimens were randomized to receive either a small (one-third of the incisura, n = 4) or a large (two-thirds of the incisura, n = 5) posterior malleolus fracture. High-resolution computed tomography (CT) scans were obtained of each intact specimen and then with clamp reduction of the syndesmosis along with a fracture fragment that was (1) unreduced, (2) anatomically reduced, or (3) fixed with a 4.8-mm-gap malreduction. Syndesmotic reduction in both the anterior-posterior and the medial-lateral direction was assessed relative to the intact specimen.

Results:

Clamp reduction of the syndesmosis increased medial translation of the distal part of the fibula in the specimens with an unfixed or an anatomically fixed posterior malleolus fracture fragment and caused lateral displacement of the distal part of the fibula in the specimens with gap malreduction of the posterior malleolus fracture. Clamp reduction of the syndesmosis caused a slight anterior shift of the fibula in the specimens with a small unfixed or anatomically fixed posterior malleolus fracture fragment and caused a posterior shift of the fibula in the specimens with gap malreduction of a large fragment.

Conclusions:

The overall anterior-posterior reduction of the syndesmosis was generally unaffected by a posterior malleolus fracture except when there was malreduction of a large fragment. Medial-lateral syndesmotic reduction was affected by the conditions of the posterior malleolus fixation, with malreduction of the posterior malleolus leading to syndesmotic malreduction.

Clinical Relevance:

When posterior malleolus fractures occur with syndesmotic injury, anatomic fracture reduction and fixation are paramount as they can affect syndesmotic reduction, especially with larger fragments.
Excess Opioid Medication and Variation in Prescribing Patterns Following Common Orthopaedic Procedures
Authors: Sabatino Matthew J. , Kunkel Samuel T. , Ramkumar Dipak B. , Keeney Benjamin J. , Jevsevar David S.
Published: February 2018

Background:

Postoperative pain management in orthopaedic surgery accounts for a substantial portion of opioid medications prescribed in the United States. Understanding prescribing habits and patient utilization of these medications following a surgical procedure is critical to establishing appropriate prescribing protocols that effectively control pain while minimizing unused opioid distribution. We evaluated prescribing habits and patient utilization following elective orthopaedic surgical procedures to identify ways of improving postoperative opioid-prescribing practices.

Methods:

We performed a review of prescribing data of 1,199 procedures and gathered telephone survey results from 557 patients to determine the number of opioid pills prescribed postoperatively and the number of unused pills. The data were collected from adult patients who underwent 1 of the 5 most common elective orthopaedic procedures at our institution in fiscal year 2015: total hip arthroplasty, total knee arthroplasty, endoscopic carpal tunnel release, arthroscopic rotator cuff repair, or lumbar decompression. We converted all dosages to opioid equivalents of oxycodone 5 mg and performed analyses of prescribing patterns, patient utilization, and patient disposal of unused opioids.

Results:

Prescribing patterns following the 5 orthopaedic procedures showed wide variation. The median numbers of oxycodone 5-mg equivalent opioid pills prescribed upon discharge were 90 pills (range, 20 to 330 pills) for total hip arthroplasty, 90 pills (range, 10 to 200 pills) for total knee arthroplasty, 20 pills (range, 0 to 168 pills) for endoscopic carpal tunnel release, 80 pills (range, 18 to 100 pills) for arthroscopic rotator cuff repair, and 80 pills (range, 10 to 270 pills) for lumbar decompression. Thirty-seven percent of patients overall requested and received at least 1 refill. The mean number of total pills prescribed (and standard deviation) including refills was 113.6 ± 75.7 for total hip arthroplasty, 176.4 ± 108.0 for total knee arthroplasty, 24.3 ± 29.0 for carpal tunnel release, 98.2 ± 59.6 for rotator cuff repair, and 107.4 ± 64.4 for lumbar decompression. Participants reported unused opioid medication in 61% of cases. During the study year, >43,000 unused opioid pills were prescribed. Forty-one percent of patients reported appropriate disposal of unused opioid pills.

Conclusions:

Prescribing patterns vary widely, and a large amount of opioid medications remains unused following elective orthopaedic surgical procedures. Effective prescribing protocols are needed to limit this source of potential abuse and opioid diversion within the community.
Summa illa dilectio in illa summi boni fruitione. Happiness as Love in the Relational Ethics of Peter Abelard
Authors: PENNA Davide
Published: February 2018

This article focuses on one of the main authors of medieval philosophy, Peter Abelard. It re-proposes the importance of the moral themes that involve aspects not only of anthropology, but also of ontology, which have not yet been thoroughly studied. For this revaluation of Abelard’s work, the study considers the ethics of relations from two aspects: one objective, God and his will, and the other subjective, man and his consciousness.
De Nencatacoa a San Lucas: mantas muiscas de algodón como soporte pictórico en el Nuevo Reino de Granada
Authors: Vargas Murcia Laura L.
Published: February 2018

Desde tiempos prehispánicos, los indígenas muiscas (Altiplano Cundiboyacense, Colombia) tejieron mantas de algodón, su producción continuó durante el periodo virreinal y uno de sus usos fue el de soporte para pintura de caballete. El presente artículo analiza las continuidades y los cambios técnicos de las mantas de algodón muiscas antes y después de la Conquista, relacionándolos con los contextos sociales de cada periodo.
La reforma de 1927 de la antigua Universidad de Osuna: un cambio radical en la imagen del edificio
Authors: González del Río Rafael
Published: February 2018

La imagen actual del edificio de la antigua Universidad de Osuna es muy diferente de su concepción original del siglo XVI. Desde 1548 tanto el edificio como su entorno han sufrido profundas transformaciones, que convergen en un proceso histórico de aproximación consciente a un supuesto modelo teórico renacentista originario. Las obras de reforma llevadas a cabo en 1927 son un hito dentro de este proceso y han marcado la pauta de las intervenciones posteriores, contribuyendo decisivamente a su imagen actual: una “acrópolis ducal” con los edificios emblemáticos, exentos, organizados en una serie de plataformas y terrazas. Sin embargo, es más el resultado de criterios de restauración del siglo XIX y de elementos regionalistas.
El control del espacio arquitectónico en las ruinas de la iglesia de Santa María de Cazorla
Authors: Estepa Rubio Jesús , Estepa Rubio Antonio
Published: February 2018

Para el diseño de los edificios, así como su posterior puesta en obra, los arquitectos del Renacimiento utilizaban procedimientos de trabajo y sistemas de control basados en el conocimiento de la geometría y de las matemáticas, cuyo objetivo se focalizaba en conseguir resultados técnicos y formales que acercan la arquitectura a proporciones y armonías que definen el sentir general del hombre de este nuevo tiempo. La arquitectura no es fruto del azar ni de decisiones tomadas a la ligera, sino que muy al contrario cada parte de ella se relaciona con las demás y con la totalidad del conjunto, utilizando para ello criterios técnicos y sistemas métricos y de control formal y espacial que cifran y codifican los modos clásicos empleados en la creación arquitectónica. La revisión de los tratados arquitectónicos y de sus “instrucciones de montaje” hace posible extraer conclusiones que se pueden repetir sistemáticamente en edificaciones renacentistas de igual tipología constructiva. A la luz de ello podemos pues verificar ciertos aspectos que para el caso que nos ocupa en Cazorla, complete los datos inexistentes que culminarían por completar el espacio inconcluso de esta edificación.
Magnetic-Resonance Imaging of High-Pressure Carbon Dioxide Displacement: Fluid/Surface Interaction and Fluid Behavior
Authors: Afrough Armin , Shakerian M.. , Zamiri M. S. , MacMillan Bryce , Marica Florea , Newling Benedict , Romero-Zerón Laura , Balcom Bruce J.
Published: February 2018

Magnetic-resonance imaging (MRI) provides a wealth of information on petroleum-flooding-displacement mechanisms and in-situ pore-level behavior. This study demonstrates MRI methods that have potential for studying the mechanisms of carbon dioxide (CO2) displacement processes in Berea core plugs during the recovery of decane and heavy oil. The correlation between fluid saturation and transverse relaxation time (T2) revealed the contrast in decane/pore-surface interaction between miscible and immiscible drainage of decane by CO2. T2 profiles demonstrated changes in the composition and viscosity of the heavy oil caused by the extraction of light components by CO2.
Integration of Bayesian Networks with GIS for Dynamic Avalanche Hazard Assessment: NSDI Perspective
Authors: Yılmaz İpek , Öztürk Derya
Published: February 2018

Natural hazard assessments are core to risk
definition and early warning systems and play a fundamental role in the prevention of
major damages. Traditional hazard identification methods are static. For this
reason, new information and conditions cannot be easily included in the
pre-defined hazard assessments. The Bayesian Networks can be used effectively
for dynamic hazard identification. In this study, a methodology based on the
Bayesian Networks model is presented for dynamic avalanche hazard assessment,
in which changed and renewed data can be included in the system. In the
proposed methodology, the integration of the Bayesian Networks and Geographical
Information Systems (GIS) is modeled in the National Spatial Data
Infrastructure (NSDI) perspective. In this structure, it is possible to combine
and analyze the data obtained from different sources and factors for avalanche
hazard can be dynamically updated with real-time updated data and temporal
hazard mapping can be produced. The proposed methodology provides a generic
structure and has an attribute making it applicable for dynamic mapping studies
for other disasters.
Investigation of the cavitational stability of an aluminum piston surface based on a three-dimensional model
Authors: Nasibullayev I.Sh. , Nasibullaeva E.Sh.
Published: February 2018

The problem of determining the optimal material for manufacturing the surface of a movable element (piston) is considered, which has an increased resistance to cavitation failure, in order to justify the expediency of using structural materials for the manufacture of pistons in fuel automatics elements. On the basis of three-dimensional numerical modeling of the elasticity equations, the conditions under which a cavitation bubble collapse on the surface of a piston made of various structural materials can lead to irreversible deformations of the piston. The pressure acting on the piston determined from the model of nonspherical bubble collapse with the formation of a cumulative stream. The impact on the surface of the collapse of both a single bubble and a pair of bubbles located at different distances from each other is studied. Calculations showed that with special treatment the surface of the piston will become more resistant to erosion destruction. Deformations are localized near the region to which the force is applied, at a distance of the order of two bubble diameters. Cavitation destruction of the material is associated with the yield threshold and grain size, is independent of the Young's modulus and inversely proportional to the Poisson's ratio. The simultaneous collapse of two bubbles at a distance of the order of one or two sizes of the bubble increases the maximum pressure on the surface and, consequently, increases the probability of irreversible deformation of the surface.
Restoration of the linear potential in the Sturm-Liouville problem
Authors: Akhtyamov A.M. , Utyashev I.M.
Published: February 2018

The problem of identifying the variable coefficient of elasticity of a medium with respect to natural frequencies of a string oscillating in this medium is considered. A method for solving the problem is found, based on the representation of linearly independent solutions of the differential equation in the form of Taylor series with respect to two variables, substituting them into the frequency equation, and determining the unknown coefficients of the linear function from this frequency equation. An analytical method has also been developed that allows one to prove the uniqueness or nonuniqueness of the restored polynomial coefficient of elasticity of a medium by a finite number of natural frequencies of oscillations of a string, and also to find a class of isospectral problems, that is, boundary value problems for which the eigenvalue spectra coincide. The latter is based on the method of variation of an arbitrary constant. We consider examples of finding isospectral classes, and also unique boundary value problems having a given spectrum.
Targeting the Folate Receptor: Improving Efficacy in Inorganic Medicinal Chemistry
Authors: Carron Pauraic Mc , Crowley Aisling , O’Shea Denis , McCann Malachy , Howe Orla , Hunt Mary , Devereux Michael
Published: February 2018

The discovery of the high-affinity, high-specificity folate receptor in mamalian kidney cells,
coupled with the ability of folate to enter cells by folate receptor-mediated endocytosis and the subsequent
elucidation of the folate receptor’s overexpression in specific cancer cell types; heralded the arrival of the
area of chemotherapeutic folate targeting. The application of purely organic folate-based small-molecule
drug conjugates that selectively target the folate receptor, which is over expressed in several diseases such
as cancer, is well established. The application of inorganic folate-targeted drugs offers significant potential
to expand and enhance this therapeutic approach. From the data made available to date, it is apparent that
this aspect of inorganic medicinal chemistry is in its youth but has the capability to contribute greatly to
cancer research, both in therapy and diagnosis. The union of folate-receptor targeting and inorganic
medicine may also lead to the development of treatments for disorders such as chronic-inflammation,
tuberculosis, neurodegenerative disease and leishmaniasis. In this review, we summarize what is known
about the coordination chemistry of folic acid and the therapeutic potential of such complexes. We also
describe approaches adopted to conjugate platinum drugs to folate- or folate-carrier- systems and their
prospective ability to overcome problems associated with unwanted side-effects and resistance by improving
their delivery and/or selectivity. The literature pertaining to non-platinum metal complex conjugates
with folic acid is also reviewed revealing that this is an area that offers significant potential to develop targeted
therapeutic approaches in areas such as chemotherapy and molecular imaging for diagnostics.
K+ Channels of Müller Glial Cells in Retinal Disorders
Authors: Gao Feng , Xu Lin-Jie , Zhao Yuan , Sun Xing-Huai , Wang Zhongfeng
Published: February 2018

Background & Objective: Müller cell is the major type of glial cell in the vertebrate retina.
Müller cells express various types of K+ channels, such as inwardly rectifying K+ (Kir) channels, big
conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BKCa) channels, delayed rectifier K+ channels (KDR), and transient
A-type K+ channels. These K+ channels play important roles in maintaining physiological functions of
Müller cells. Under some retinal pathological conditions, the changed expression and functions of K+
channels may contribute to retinal pathogenesis.

Conclusion:

In this article, we reviewed the physiological properties of K+ channels in retinal Müller
cells and the functional changes of these channels in retinal disorders.
Western and Muslim Perceptions of Universal Human Rights
Authors: Isthiaq Ahmed
Published: February 2018

In this paper, first the evolution of the Western human rights standpoint and its theoretical underpinnings are traced. Next, the current internationally-approved instruments of human rights are critiqued in terms of their relevance to the needs of individuals and groups in Third World societies. Thirdly, a review of the Islamic view of human rights is attempted. Finally, the human rights situation and Muslim responses to it is examined in the contexts of Africa, Asia and Europe. Studying the human rights situation in regions where Muslims are in a majority and dominate the state, as in some African and Asian societies, and in areas where they are a minority, as in Europe, helps us arrive at a better understanding of the practical implications of the human rights package, approved by the United Nations and other related agencies, for a religious community which faces theological and philosophical difficulties in coming to terms with it. KEY WORDS: Africa, Asia, colonialism, democracy, Europe, Islamic state, non-Muslims, secularism, Sharia, women
The sacred World of the Turkana
Authors: Wymeersch Patrick , Berben Patrick , Bogers Koen
Published: February 2018

Tlüs article was mostly written by the late Patrick Wymeersch and was meant to be the onset to a broader monographical sketch of the religious world of the Turkana, a nomadic group of north-west Kenya. Attention is drawn to the organisation of the Turkana society and to several rituals which form the basis of the daily life environment. Furthermore the authors looked at the phenomena of the "Ngamoritunga " rocks and the position and the role of "Ang'u".One last word goes to the value of symbols within that society.KEY WORDS: Turkana, religion, rituals, symbols.
Het spaar- en kredietprogramma van de Vredeseilanden / Rafia in Noord-Togo: Een kritische evaluatie.
Authors: Van Damme Patrick , Hatsé Ingrid
Published: February 2018

Northern Togo has never been over-assisted as some of the other dry and poor areas of West Africa have been. It has never been a priority of national or international development organisations. As a consequence, the area has intermittent food security problems. Islands of Peace (Vredeseilanden), a Flemish NGO for development cooperation, however, has initiated a (successful) savings and credit scheme based on local surpluses which now allows local populations to invest and consolidate their (food security) situation. 

KEYWORDS : tontines, informal savings, rural credit, sustained development
Eating out of Calabashes.Was it Reality? Proto-Bantu and the domestication of Cucurbits
Authors: Bulckens Annelies
Published: February 2018

This paper examines the history of calabashes in the Bantu-world. Due to con- servation problems of floral remains in tropical areas, no material traces of these fruits have been excavated untill now. The historical linguistic approach adopted in this paper, gives an overview of the evolution and history of different words signifying calabash and allows the formulation of some conclusions on agricultural history.  KEY WORDS : comparative linguistics, Bantu, calabash, Curubits
From the Spoken Word to Video: Orality, Literacy, Mediated Orality, and the Amazigh (Berber) Cultural Production
Authors: Merolla Daniela
Published: February 2018

This article presents new directions in Tamazight/Berber artistic productions. The development of theatre, films and videos in Tamazight are set in the framework of the historical and literary background in the Maghreb and in the lands of Amazigh Diaspora. It also includes the interview with the video-maker and director Agouram Salout.Key Words: tamazight, berber, theatre, videos, film, taqbaylit, tarifit, tachelhit, new cultural production, writing, orality
AFRIKAANSE KRIJGSHEREN1, VERSTERKING OF ONDERMIJNING VAN HET HISTORISCH KAPITALISME?
Authors: Vervaet Stephanie
Published: February 2018

With the end of the Cold War, global economic and political changes made African leaders rearrange their patrimonial politics towards warlord strategies. The aim of this paper is to find out what the influences are of these evolutions for the capitalist world-system. Is warlordism nothing more than a way of surviving for third world countries or does it affect historical capitalism? Is the upsurge of warlords an expression of the crisis of the modem world-economy or is it on the contrary capitalism pur sang? This paper does not provide a conclusive answer to these questions. It is only an attempt to consider warlords in the world-system from diverse perspectives.Key Words: Capitalist World-System, African Warlordism, State-Building, Mafia, Anti-Systemic Movement, Colonialism
Multidisciplinarity and African Studies: at the Dawn of a renewed Journal. Some reflections
Authors: Hoeree Joris
Published: February 2018

The author presents some reflections on the two main points of discussion that were raised in the process of outlining an editorial policy for the new journal Afrika Focus: the problem of interdisciplinary or multidisciplinarity and the problem of the African research focus. The final choices, which he made together with his fellow editors seem to him so attractive that, in his view, the risk of editing the journal can be taken. KEYWORDS : Afrika Focus, AVRUG-Bulletin, editorial policy, multidisciplinarity, African research
Some aspects of primary healthcare in a rural part of Zaire
Authors: De Schryver Antoon
Published: February 2018

Primary health care during the period 1980-1982 in the sector of Kasongo-Lunda, Zaire is considered. Health infrastructure and main health problems are discussed. These problems were mainly diarrheas, respiratory infections, malaria, tuberculosis, whooping cough, measles, malnutrition and wormrelated diseases. A vaccination programme against diphteria, tetanus, whooping cough, poliomyelitis, measles and tuberculosis was set up and adapted to W.H.O. recommendations in 1981. The incidence of measles and whooping cough declined dramatically during the period 1978-1982. Diarrhea was treated with oral rehydration. About 16% of the children under five years of age suffered from malnutrition, mostly related to worm diseases ; therefore, a suppressive dose of antihelminthics was given every three months. These results show that local health centers, concerned with everyday health problems of the population, can have a strong positive influence upon the general health situation of a rural population. KEYWORDS : primary health care, expanded programme of immunisation, measles, whooping cough, diarrhea, tuberculosis, malnutrition, wormdiseases
Partnerchoice in modern Africa
Authors: Dries Hugo
Published: February 2018

Partner choice in Africa was investigated in a modernization study. The research sample consisted of 275 adult males from the Zairean province of Shaba (university students, clerks, workmen and illiterate rurals). The sample was split up into two subgroups : the "moderns" and the "traditionals". Our main research instrument was a series of 14 pictures, inspired on the Thematic Apperception Technique. Traditionally, it was the father, or the family, who arranged marriage for the son. Modern young Africans more and more want to choose their partner on their own. This modern attitude leads to a number of conflict situations, because, on the one hand, Africans want to realise their partner choice by themselves, but on the other hand, they do not like to endanger their relationships with the family. KEYWORDS : Psychological modernization, partner choice, Zaire
Ethiopia before the United Nations Treaty Monitoring Bodies
Authors: Brems Eva
Published: February 2018

Among the many human rights conventions adopted by the UN, seven are known — together with their additional protocols — as the core international human rights instruments: - The International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination;- The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights;- The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights; - The Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women;- The Convention against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment; - The Convention on the Rights of the Child; - The International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of all Migrant Workers and Members of their Families. The main international control mechanism under these conventions is what may be considered the standard mechanism in international human rights protection: state reporting before an international committee. An initial report is due usually one year after joining the treaty and afterwards, reports are due periodically (every four or five years). The international committees examine the reports submitted by the state parties. In the course of this examination they include information from other sources, such as the press, other United Nations materials or NGO information. They also hold a meeting with representatives of the state submitting the report. At the end of this process the committee issues 'concluding observations' or 'concluding comments'. This paper focuses on the experience of one state — Ethiopia - with the seven core human rights treaties. This should allow the reader to gain insights both into the human rights situation in Ethiopia and in the functioning of the United Nations human rights protection system.Key Words: United Nations, Human Rights Conventions, State Reporting, Human Rights Situation in Ethiopia