bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanoregulation and function of calponin and transgelin
Authors: Rasmussen Monica , Jin J.-P.
Published: March 2024

It is well known that chemical energy can be converted to mechanical force in biological systems by motor proteins such as myosin ATPase. It is also broadly observed that constant/static mechanical signals potently induce cellular responses. However, the mechanisms that cells sense and convert the mechanical force into biochemical signals are not well understood. Calponin and transgelin are a family of homologous proteins that participate in the regulation of actin-activated myosin motor activity. An isoform of calponin, calponin 2, has been shown to regulate cytoskeleton-based cell motility functions under mechanical signaling. The expression of the calponin 2 gene and the turnover of calponin 2 protein are both under mechanoregulation. The regulation and function of calponin 2 has physiological and pathological significance, as shown in platelet adhesion, inflammatory arthritis, arterial atherosclerosis, calcific aortic valve disease, post-surgical fibrotic peritoneal adhesion, chronic proteinuria, ovarian insufficiency, and tumor metastasis. The levels of calponin 2 vary in different cell types, reflecting adaptations to specific tissue environments and functional states. The present review focuses on the mechanoregulation of calponin and transgelin family proteins to explore how cells sense steady tension and convert the force signal to biochemical activities. Our objective is to present a current knowledge basis for further investigations to establish the function and mechanisms of calponin and transgelin in cellular mechanoregulation.
Efficient control of the fully passive oscillating foil in 2D confined flows with adjustment of the heave damping
Authors: Gunther K. , Genest B. , Dumas G.
Published: March 2024

A foil that is free to pitch and heave in an upstream flow can oscillate very regularly and with large amplitudes given that its inertial properties and support stiffness in pitch and heave are well adapted to the flow velocity. Useful energy can be extracted from these oscillations via an appropriate damping in heave that models the presence of an electric generator. In recent years, the structural parameters of such a fully passive oscillating-foil turbine (OFT) have been optimized, yielding a maximum energy extraction efficiency of 51.0% under the assumptions of 2D and unconfined flow. However, the turbine is normally deployed in channels with finite cross-sectional area, thus impacting the flow rate passing through the turbine via the blockage effect. In this work, we extend the applicability of the 2D optimized structural parameters to 2D confined scenarios with a simple tuning of the viscous heave damping coefficient. Performance is determined via a fluid-structure interaction solver based on an unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes approach. As expected, confining the turbine increases the heave amplitude and the power, up to a point where the motions become chaotic, and thus require an increase in the heave damping coefficient. This study shows that in all confined 2D scenarios, reasonably good performances of the fully passive OFT can be maintained when using its optimal structural parameters obtained in 2D unconfined conditions, given that the generator is adjusted accordingly.
Online detection and assessment of cable insulation fault based on time–frequency domain reflectometry
Authors: Yin Zhendong , Chen Hongzhen , Wang Li
Published: March 2024

The insulation performance of cables plays an important role in the safe and stable operation of aircraft. Time–frequency domain reflectometry (TFDR) is an effective method to detect the local insulation faults of cables. Usually, Wigner–Ville distribution (WVD) is used to analyze the energy distribution of reflected signals in TFDR. However, WVD can easily introduce cross-term interference to the detection results. In addition, most of the current studies have used TFDR to perform offline detection of cable insulation fault, and the performance of TFDR for online operation is unclear. In order to solve the above problems, first, this paper eliminates the interference of cross-term based on smoothed pseudo-Wigner–Ville distribution. Then, an online cable insulation fault detection platform based on non-contact signal injection is built. According to the requirements of the standard GJB181A, the interference degree of the incident signal of TFDR to the original signal of cable is analyzed, and the feasibility of using TFDR method to perform online detection is proved. Finally, the correlation between different features of reflected signals under different fault degrees of cable is analyzed. It is proved that time-domain correlation has a better correlation with the fault degree of cable compared to other four features.
Implementation of Er-doped random fiber laser self-mixing sensor with ultra-limit sensitivity
Authors: Hu Jun , Li Ruifeng , Hu Zhijia , Li Haosen , Yang Yaozhong , Li Hongtao , Lv Jialiang , Yu Qi , Zhao Yunkun , Yu Benli , Lu Liang
Published: March 2024

This study first demonstrates that the random distributed feedback fiber laser (RDFL) can be implemented for sensing detection by using the self-mixing effect as a sensing mechanism. By constructing a compact self-mixing velocimeter based on Er-doped RDFL with the integration of a laser, sensing element, and transmission platform, we successfully measured the minimum detectable feedback intensity of 38.65 fW for the velocity signal, corresponding to 0.55 photons per Doppler cycle, exhibiting ultra-high sensitivity dynamics characteristics. In addition, the velocity measurement of a non-cooperative target at a single-channel distance of 100 km is accomplished because of the natural feature of long-distance transmission for the random distributed feedback fiber lasers, which greatly improves the ultra-long detection range in the field of self-mixing sensing. The proposed sensing scheme not only unveils a fresh perspective on the exploration of random fiber laser sensing but also showcases its diverse and wide-ranging applications within the realm of remote sensing measurements.
A review: Comprehensive investigation on bandgap engineering under high pressure utilizing microscopic UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Chen Lin , Gao Zhijian , Li Qian , Yan Chuanxin , Zhang Haiwa , Li Yinwei , Liu Cailong
Published: March 2024

Bandgap engineering plays a vital role in material development and device optimization due to its significant impact on the photovoltaic and photoelectricity properties of materials. Nevertheless, it is still a great challenge to accurately control the bandgap of semiconductors to achieve the targeted properties of materials. Recently, pressure-induced bandgap regulation has emerged as a novel and effective tool to regulate bandgap, reveal the intrinsic band nature, and construct the in-depth structure–property relationships therein. In this review, the unique techniques of microscopic in situ steady-state UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy and high-pressure diamond anvil cell are introduced. This technique provides a powerful method to monitor the bandgap behaviors at high pressure. Then, the pressure-triggered bandgap responses are outlined based on several typical semiconductors, including metal halide perovskites, inorganic quantum dots, piezochromic molecular compounds, and two-dimensional semiconductor materials. The summarized structural effects on bandgap evolution and the general principles for bandgap engineering under high pressure are expected to provide guidance for further material design under ambient conditions. Microscopic absorption spectroscopy detection under high pressure is proven to be an ideal platform for developing functional materials and high-performance devices.
A comprehensive exploration of structural and electronic properties of molybdenum clusters
Authors: Wei Yao , Veryazov Valera , Kantorovich Lev
Published: March 2024

Molybdenum clusters, characterized by their unique structure and intriguing catalytic properties, have gained significant attention in recent years. In several existing studies, density functional theory (DFT) methods have been used to find the lowest energy Mo clusters and explore their electronic and magnetic structure. In all cases, with the exception of a single recent study, where a genetic algorithm was employed, initial geometries of the clusters, prior to geometry optimization, were chosen using heuristic approaches based on symmetry considerations and known structures. DFT calculations were performed using different types of pseudopotentials, from soft to hard, and different types of basis sets. However, no comprehensive study has yet been carried out in which a DFT method with the best control on its precision would be complemented by a reliable global minimum search method to find the lowest energy Mo clusters. In this work, we employ a combination of a plane wave-based DFT method and ab initio random structure searching technique to find the lowest energy clusters of up to 10 Mo atoms. In each case, the search has been performed for clusters with different spin multiplicities, which enabled us to explore their magnetic structure. The results are compared for both hard and soft pseudopotentials stressing the importance of treating more electrons explicitly, in agreement with some of the previous studies. For most of the low-energy magnetic structures found, we investigate the distribution of their spin densities, and for all low energy clusters, we confirm their stability by calculating their vibrational structure. For a few smallest clusters, the results of multiconfigurational quantum chemistry calculations are also discussed. Finally, free energies of the Mo clusters, within the quasi-harmonic approximation, are also calculated and discussed.
The effects of partition function cutoff on spectral temperature measurement in argon plasma
Authors: Yang Po , Liu Hongbing , Wang Fei , Liu Zuming , Zhang Lingfeng , Li Huan
Published: March 2024

In order to evaluate the effect of cutoff criteria on spectral temperature measurement, partition functions are calculated for argon plasma at 3000–30 000 K using three different cutoff criteria (semi-empirical method, NIST data, and Griem’s theory). The effects of cutoff criteria on particle number density and plasma temperature measurements were discussed. The results indicate that as the plasma temperature increases, the degree of particle ionization increases and the cutoff effect weakens. The cutoff criteria have little impact on the calculation of the number density of the main components of the plasma but have a significant impact on the calculation of the number density of non-major components. The cutoff criterion using the NIST data can be reliably used for the temperature measurement, especially when the standard temperature method is used. Nevertheless, Griem’s theory should be considered for accurate calculation of radiation intensity.
Magnetic printing characteristics of burst signals by using double magnet master media
Authors: Komine Takashi
Published: March 2024

In this study, the magnetic printing characteristics of burst signals with double magnet master (DMM) media, which consists of hard and soft magnet patterns corresponding to the burst signals, onto energy-assisted magnetic recording (EAMR) media was investigated by the micromagnetic simulation. For comparison, the magnetic printing characteristics with the conventional master media, which includes only soft magnet patterns, was also calculated. The magnetic film patterns of each master media transfer automatic-gain-control (AGC) and burst parts to the recording medium. The burst signals was amplitude AB-burst patterns, which consists of the repeated pattern region and blank area without burst patterns. Two possible master media structures of DMM media were considered, which are herein called positive- and negative- DMM media. By utilizing the positive-DMM, which spatially divides soft magnets, the AGC and the burst signals can be clearly printed, comparing with the conventional master media. While the negative-DMM is insufficient to print burst signals because the blank area without burst patterns has some non-recorded clusters. Thus, the positive-DMM are feasible for the magnetic printing of burst signals. The clear printing onto EAMR media is expected to be obtained by the optimum non-magnetic separator thickness and the optimum printing field. Therefore, the magnetic printing with positive DMM master is promising onto EAMR media.
Vulnerability to APOBEC3G linked to the pathogenicity of deltaretroviruses
Authors: Shichijo Takafumi , Yasunaga Jun-ichirou , Sato Kei , Nosaka Kisato , Toyoda Kosuke , Watanabe Miho , Zhang Wenyi , Koyanagi Yoshio , Murphy Edward L. , Bruhn Roberta L. , Koh Ki-Ryang , Akari Hirofumi , Ikeda Terumasa , Harris Reuben S. , Green Patrick L. , Matsuoka Masao
Published: March 2024

Human retroviruses are derived from simian ones through cross-species transmission. These retroviruses are associated with little pathogenicity in their natural hosts, but in humans, HIV causes AIDS, and human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) induces adult T-cell leukemia–lymphoma (ATL). We analyzed the proviral sequences of HTLV-1, HTLV-2, and simian T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (STLV-1) from Japanese macaques (
Macaca fuscata
) and found that APOBEC3G (A3G) frequently generates G-to-A mutations in the HTLV-1 provirus, whereas such mutations are rare in the HTLV-2 and STLV-1 proviruses. Therefore, we investigated the mechanism of how HTLV-2 is resistant to human A3G (hA3G). HTLV-1, HTLV-2, and STLV-1 encode the so-called antisense proteins, HTLV-1 bZIP factor (HBZ), Antisense protein of HTLV-2 (APH-2), and STLV-1 bZIP factor (SBZ), respectively. APH-2 efficiently inhibits the deaminase activity of both hA3G and simian A3G (sA3G). HBZ and SBZ strongly suppress sA3G activity but only weakly inhibit hA3G, suggesting that HTLV-1 is incompletely adapted to humans. Unexpectedly, hA3G augments the activation of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/Smad pathway by HBZ, and this activation is associated with ATL cell proliferation by up-regulating
BATF3/IRF4
and
MYC
. In contrast, the combination of APH-2 and hA3G, or the combination of SBZ and sA3G, does not enhance the TGF-β/Smad pathway. Thus, HTLV-1 is vulnerable to hA3G but utilizes it to promote the proliferation of infected cells via the activation of the TGF-β/Smad pathway. Antisense factors in each virus, differently adapted to control host cellular functions through A3G, seem to dictate the pathogenesis.
Isotype switching in human memory B cells sets intrinsic antigen-affinity thresholds that dictate antigen-driven fates
Authors: Ambegaonkar Abhijit A. , Holla Prasida , Sohn Haewon , George Rachel , Tran Tuan M. , Pierce Susan K.
Published: March 2024

Memory B cells (MBCs) play a critical role in protection against homologous and variant pathogen challenge by either differentiating to plasma cells (PCs) or to germinal center (GC) B cells. The human MBC compartment contains both switched IgG
+
and unswitched IgM
+
MBCs; however, whether these MBC subpopulations are equivalent in their response to B cell receptor cross-linking and their resulting fates is incompletely understood. Here, we show that IgG
+
and IgM
+
MBCs can be distinguished based on their response to κ-specific monoclonal antibodies of differing affinities. IgG
+
MBCs responded only to high-affinity anti-κ and differentiated almost exclusively toward PC fates. In contrast, IgM
+
MBCs were eliminated by apoptosis by high-affinity anti-κ but responded to low-affinity anti-κ by differentiating toward GC B cell fates. These results suggest that IgG
+
and IgM
+
MBCs may play distinct yet complementary roles in response to pathogen challenge ensuring the immediate production of high-affinity antibodies to homologous and closely related challenges and the generation of variant-specific MBCs through GC reactions.
Chimpanzees coordinate interrogative markers to ask questions
Authors: Dombrausky Kailie , Jensvold Mary Lee , Shaw Heidi L. , Davis J. Quentin
Published: March 2024

Questions serve to initiate and continue conversation as well as to gain information and introduce new topics. In
signed languages a question can be signaled by modifying the content of an utterance or by coordinating the use of nonmanual
markers (e.g., the questioning look) and manual modulation (e.g., holding the sign for an extended duration). Cross-fostered
chimpanzees, who use signs of American Sign Language (ASL), have demonstrated behaviors that appear in human conversation,
including question-answer exchanges. The current study describes the production of questions by signing chimpanzees in a
conversational context and offers a methodology for quantifying the relationship between nonmanual markers and manual modulation
involved in interrogative utterances.
Please take her as your wife
Authors: Ito Rika
Published: March 2024

This article investigates linguistic and visual representations of the Ainu, the indigenous people of northern
Japan, in Satoru Noda’s popular televised Japanese anime Golden Kamuy (GK). The study employs multimodal
analysis, focusing on content, context, characters, and perspectives related to the deployment of the Ainu language using the
perspectives of raciolinguistics, coloniality, and intersectionality, to examine GK’s representations of Ainu regarding two
Japanese national discourses on race: the current discourse of “ethnic harmony” (or multiculturalism) and Ainu as a dying race,
popularized in the early 20th century. It argues that GK unintentionally constructs a sanitized Ainu-Japanese
relationship that epitomizes the discourse of ethnic harmony by erasing Japan’s colonial past. Simultaneously, GK
reproduces Ainu as a dying race discourse by contrasting a young bilingual Ainu co-protagonist and her monolingual grandmother.
The article discusses how advanced/backward distinctions that the Japanese elites appropriated from the 19th-century colonial
discourse are reinscribed in this anime with a modern twist. It also advocates our need to raise critical questions about
language, race, and power for a just society in various contexts, including popular media.
Can We Influence Gut Health to Reduce the Need for Antimicrobials in Pig Production?
Authors: Hall Heidi
Published: March 2024

With the ever-increasing pressure to reduce antimicrobial usage on farms and increasing knowledge of how this use can increase the risk of antimicrobial resistance, the pig industry is continuously reviewing natural products and management principles with the aim of mitigating any need for pharmaceutical intervention. Gut health has been linked to both general health and lifetime animal performance and is a term which is used to describe a beneficial microbiome (a population of organisms, mainly bacteria, fungi and viruses which reside in the gut, mainly the large intestine). The microbiome is fundamental in everyday digestive processes but also plays a vital role in stress response and disease protection. Harnessing the power of the microbiome is the key to sustainable pig production. Macro factors affecting gut health and the microbiome such as management, genetics, health and nutrition are rarely discussed in partnership due to the difficulties in assessing these jointly in a scientific manner. This case study evaluates the strategies implemented in major pig-producing countries to understand how we can best manage pigs to ensure they are both happy and healthy.

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Impacts of Individual and Pair Housing on Calves
Authors: Mahendran Sophie
Published: March 2024

Calf rearing is a large financial cost to farms, with particular importance for dairy heifer replacements where the forward investment does not receive any payback for 3–4 years. Ensuring the critical pre-weaning phase is carried out optimally and understanding the impact that housing has on this time is important. Historically, individual calf housing has been used to reduce disease transmission among calves, but there is limited evidence that pair housing has any detrimental impact on this. Instead, research over the past decade has served to highlight the range of benefits that pair housing can provide. Calves housed with others have increased play behaviours, which is a positive indicator of well-being. Pair-housed calves start to eat concentrates at an earlier age and in greater amounts, which can have positive impacts on growth rates, and longer-term improvements in reducing age at first calving and improving first lactation milk yields. Pair housing allows calves to start forming social relationships, which can have a calming effect in stressful situations such as group changes and can improve behaviours when heifers enter the milking herd. Pair-raised calves also have reduced food neophobia which can help adult cattle cope with diet changes that can occur frequently in the dairy herd. This growing body of evidence suggests that pair housing of calves results in overall better health and welfare compared to individual housing, therefore practitioners should help encourage farmers to move towards this housing type.

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Can Clinical Audit Influence the Actions of Farmers and Vets to Benefit Sheep Health and Welfare?
Authors: Charles David
Published: March 2024

Clinical audits have been used in human healthcare for a long time, however, their use in the livestock sector is low, with very few examples in the literature. By using clinical audits to assess treatment procedures and outcomes, evidence-based veterinary medicine (EBVM) guidance can be drawn up to influence medication selection and usage. One of the key benefits of this is to help reduce antibiotic over-prescription and, influence the category of an antibiotic selected (using the European Medicines Agency categorisation of antibiotics).This case study will use an ovine caesarean section and assisted vaginal delivery (AVD) clinical audit (Charles and Stockton, 2022) as a case example. This case will also reference unpublished data assessing the impact of the 2022 audit recommendations which was discussed at the Sheep Veterinary Society Conference, 2023 (Charles, 2023b).

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Dairy Calf Feeding in the UK
Authors: Button Ellie
Published: March 2024

When a dairy calf is reared, it is separated from its mother, to allow the mother’s milk to be used for human consumption. Calves reared manually should be in a healthy and safe environment and with efficient use of resources. The choice of milk replacer or whole milk, and the equipment, amount and frequency with which it is fed must all be given meticulous thought and, importantly, kept as consistent as possible from day-to-day so that calves know what to expect. The details of how best to do this are elaborated in this article, as are three short case studies that highlight three incorrect practices in calf feeding and how they were corrected.

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© The Author 2023
MSCS-ICP: point cloud registration method using multi-view spatial coordinate system–ICP
Authors: Song Limei , Zhang Jipeng , Luo Jing , Zhao Yuxiaolong , Qiao Zhi
Published: March 2024

The effectiveness of point cloud registration critically determines three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction accuracy involving multi-view sensors. We introduce a multi-view point cloud registration method based on multi-view spatial coordinate system–ICP to solve the problem of 3D point cloud registration from different viewpoints. By integrating a spatial rotation axis line, our method successfully establishes the spatial coordinate system tailored for multi-view sensors, ensuring that 3D point clouds derived from various perspectives are optimally positioned initially. We employ the ICP technique for point cloud merging, facilitating a seamless transition from coarse to refined registration of these multi-view 3D point clouds. During the process of spatial rotation axis line fitting, we present a Ransac-based algorithm tailored for axis line fitting that effectively removes outliers, thus significantly improving the fitting precision. Experimental results from a standard sphere reconstruction reveal that within a measurement scope of 1.3–1.9 m, our proposed method boasts a maximum error of just 0.069 mm, an average absolute error of 0.039 mm, and a root mean square error of 0.043 mm. The speed of our point cloud registration outpaces that of alternative methods. Our method notably elevates the precision and velocity of 3D point cloud registration across diverse views, demonstrating commendable adaptability and resilience.
Synergistic reduction of nitrophenols by Au-CDs nanoconjugates with NaBH4
Authors: Priyadarshini Eepsita , Minzar Mohd , Pandey Saurabh , Rawat Kamla
Published: March 2024

Developing sustainable and innovative approaches for the efficient reduction of nitrophenols is crucial for environmental remediation, for managing health concerns posed by their widespread presence as hazardous pollutants in industrial effluents and contaminated water. We report the use of 12.9 ± 1 nm (TEM data) sized gold carbon dot nanoconjugates (Au@CDs) for catalytic conversion of o, m, p-nitrophenols to aminophenols by sodium borohydride. A simple approach was followed to synthesize ultra-small and highly stable Au@CDs, using citric acid and PEG as reducing and stabilizing agents. X-ray diffraction analysis verified the formation of nano-crystalline nanoconjugates. These nanoconjugates showed a remarkable catalytic activity in the range of 0.22–0.33 s−1 (varying with nanoconjugate concentration) which was much higher compared to conventional chemical methods of reduction. All the catalytic reaction experiments were performed at room temperature (27 ± 2 °C). Furthermore, an increase in rate constant was observed with increasing concentration of nanoconjugates. The catalytic activity of Au@CDs nanoconjugates was observed to be in order of m-nitrophenol > o-nitrophenol > p-nitrophenol with apparent rate constant (k
aap) values of 0.068, 0.043 and 0.031, respectively. Comparative analysis with GNPs, CDs and Au@CDs nanoconjugates stated that the nanoconjugates had superior catalytic activity. The research can have significant implications in the development of new strategies for environmental remediation and biomedical applications.
Measuring velocity and acceleration of a moving object in linear motion using proximity sensor of smartphone
Authors: Khongthiamsri Narongsak , Puttharugsa Chokchai
Published: March 2024

This paper describes an alternative method for measuring the time or time interval of a moving object in linear motion using a smartphone’s proximity sensor. Two smartphones are stationary, placed on an inclined plane, and measure the time or time interval of a moving object (with attached a cardboard) passing through the sensor using the Phyphox app. The obtained data are used to calculate both velocity and acceleration for the moving object. This experiment is easy to set up with readily available objects and prevents damage to the smartphones.
Magnetic behaviour of a mixed-spin ising model on a two-dimensional square-octagon lattice in a dynamic magnetic field
Authors: Wang Xue-Jiao , Jiang Wei
Published: March 2024

The magnetic behaviours of a two-dimensional square-octagon lattice with mixed spin 5/2 and spin 1 magnetic atoms are investigated in a dynamic magnetic field using effective field theory with correlations. We studied the effects of exchange coupling, anisotropy, oscillating magnetic fields, and temperature on the dynamic magnetic and thermodynamic properties of the square-octagon lattice. The dynamic magnetisation, order parameters, susceptibility, internal energy, and phase diagram of the system were obtained. These results significantly contribute to our understanding of the dynamic magnetic properties of two-dimensional materials. The ability to manipulate and control magnetic behaviour in two dimensions holds promise for the creation of more efficient and versatile devices.
Cosmological gravity on all scales. Part III. Non-linear matter power spectrum in phenomenological modified gravity
Authors: Srinivasan Sankarshana , Thomas Daniel B. , Battye Richard
Published: March 2024

Model-independent tests of gravity with cosmology are important when testing extensions to the standard cosmological model. To maximise the impact of these tests one requires predictions for the matter power spectrum on non-linear scales. In this work we validate the ReACT approach to the non-linear matter power spectrum against a suite of phenomenological modified gravity N-body simulations with a time-varying gravitational constant, covering a wider range of parameter space than previously examined. This vanilla application of ReACT has limited range and precision due to the different concentration-mass relation c(M) that occurs when gravity is modified. We extend this approach with a fitting function for a modified concentration-mass relation, allowing for accurate (1%) computation of the matter power spectrum up k = 2 h Mpc-1 across a substantial range of parameter space. This fitting function allows precision model-independent tests of modified gravity to be carried out using the data from upcoming large scale structure surveys.
On probing turbulence in core-collapse supernovae in upcoming neutrino detectors
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Mainak , Sen Manibrata
Published: March 2024

Neutrino propagation through a turbulent medium can be highly non-adiabatic leading to distinct signatures in the survival probabilities. A core-collapse supernova can be host to a number of hydrodynamic instabilities which occur behind the shockfront. Such instabilities between the forward shock and a possible reverse shock can lead to cascades introducing turbulence in the associated matter profile, which can imprint itself in the neutrino signal. In this work, we consider realistic matter profiles and seed in the turbulence using a randomization scheme to study its effects on neutrino propagation in an effective two-flavor framework. We focus on the potential of upcoming neutrino detectors — DUNE and Hyper-Kamiokande to constrain the parameters characterizing turbulence in a supernova. We find that these experiments can effectively constrain the parameter space for the amplitude of the spectra, they will only have mild sensitivity to the spectral index, and cannot inform on deviations from the usual Kolmogorov 5/3 inverse power law. Furthermore, we also confirm that the double-dip feature, originally predicted in the neutrino spectra associated with forward and reverse shocks, can be completely washed away in the presence of turbulence, leading to total flavor depolarization.
Asymmetric two-dimensional diffraction grating via a vortex field in an inverted-Y-type atomic system
Authors: Zhang Duo , Wang Ke , Zhao Kunpeng , Wang Mei , Sun Zhaoyu
Published: March 2024

We propose a theoretical scheme to realize a two-dimensional (2D) diffraction grating in a four-level inverted-Y-type atomic system coupled by a standing-wave (SW) field and a Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) vortex field. Owing to asymmetric spatial modulation of the LG vortex field, the incident probe field can be lopsidedly diffracted into four domains and an asymmetric 2D electromagnetically induced grating is created. By adjusting the detunings of the probe field and the LG vortex field, the intensities of the LG vortex field and the coherent SW field, as well as the interaction length, the diffraction properties and efficiency, can be effectively manipulated. In addition, the effect of the azimuthal parameter on the Fraunhofer diffraction of the probe field is also discussed. This asymmetric 2D diffraction grating scheme may provide a versatile platform for designing quantum devices that require asymmetric light transmission.
Validation of SOLPS-ITER simulations against the TCV-X21 reference case
Authors: Wang Y. , Colandrea C. , Oliveira D.S. , Theiler C. , Reimerdes H. , Body T. , Galassi D. , Martinelli L. , Lee K. ,   the TCV Team
Published: March 2024

This paper presents a quantitative validation of Scrape-Off Layer Plasma Simulation-ITER (SOLPS-ITER) simulations against the TCV-X21 reference case and provides insights into the neutral dynamics and ionization source distribution in this scenario. TCV-X21 is a well-diagnosed diverted L-mode sheath-limited plasma scenario in both toroidal field directions, designed specifically for the validation of turbulence codes (Oliveira, Body et al 2022 Nucl. Fusion
62 096001). Five new, neutrals-related observables are added here to the extensive, publicly available TCV-X21 dataset. These are three deuterium Balmer lines in the divertor and neutral pressure measurements in the common and private flux regions. The quantitative agreement metric used in the validation is combined with the conjugate gradient method to approach the SOLPS-ITER input parameters that return the best overall agreement with the experiment. A proof-of-principle test of this method results in a modest improvement in the level-of-agreement; the shortcomings impacting the result and how to improve the methodology are discussed. Alternatively, a scan of the particle and heat diffusion coefficients shows an improvement of 10.4% in the level-of-agreement, approximately twice as high as that achieved by the gradient method. This result is found for an increased transport coefficient compared to what is usually used for TCV L-mode plasmas. The simulations further indicate that ∼65% of the total ionization occurs in the SOL, from which ∼70% in the divertor regions, despite being a sheath-limited regime, motivating the inclusion of self-consistent neutral models in future turbulence simulations on the path towards improved agreement with the experiment.
Study on combined optimization technology of wind-solar-storage hybrid power generation based on electricity hydrogen complementarity
Authors: Liu Kaicheng , Jia Xiaoqiang , He Guixiong , Li Jiaxin , Wang Jin , Xu Hong
Published: March 2024

The wind-solar-storage hybrid power generation system is mainly composed of wind turbines, solar cell arrays, electrolytic cells, fuel cells, battery packs, intelligent controllers, multi-functional inverters, cables, supports and auxiliary parts to supply power to the load. The system utilizes wind and solar energy for power generation without an external power supply, and an energy storage module composed of an electrolytic cell, fuel cell, and battery is used to assist the power supply. In this paper, a fuel cell model, a wind power generation model and a solar power generation model are respectively constructed, and a small experimental platform was built to validate the model. The pulse width modulation (PWM) control method, combined with the auxiliary regulation of the system by the battery, reduces the impact of the volatility of wind power generation on the electrolytic cell and fuel cell, and makes the load current more stable under different working conditions. The simulation results show that the system has good compression resistance, fast response and good stability.
Hourly photovoltaic power prediction based on signal decomposition and deep learning
Authors: Feng Dongyang , Zhang Hanjin , Wang Zhijin
Published: March 2024

Accurate photovoltaic (PV) power prediction is important for the utilization of solar energy resources. However, PV power is non-stationary due to the variable influence of meteorological factors, which poses a challenge for accurate forecasting. In this paper, a hybrid method based on signal decomposition and a deep learning model is proposed. The hybrid model integrates complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN) and the Informer model. The CEEMDAN algorithm is used to separate different modes from the photovoltaic power sequence, enhancing its predictability. The deep learning model, the Informer, is employed to capture the complex relationship between photovoltaic power data and its historical data as well as external meteorological factors, ultimately enabling multi-step forecasting of photovoltaic power data. In hourly PV power forecasting experiments using a public dataset, the model exhibits significant performance improvements when compared to benchmark models such as LSTM, GRU, and Transformer. Specifically, the RMSE reduces by 6.07%-34.74% and the MAE reduces by 7.07%-37.5%. The results demonstrate that the hybrid model exhibits accurate predictive performance in the task of hourly photovoltaic power forecasting.
Research on optimal dispatching strategy of solar thermal-photovoltaic-wind combined power generation system
Authors: Li Zhengxi , Liu Tingxiang , Yang Libin , Zhou Wanpeng , Qi Yanming , Sun Mingfei , Ma Shangang
Published: March 2024

New energy photovoltaic generation of electricity and wind power have developed rapidly, and the installed capacity has been increasing, but their volatility and randomness have also caused a certain impact on the power grid. Considering that solar thermal power generation and photovoltaic power generation have natural complementary advantages, and solar thermal power generation and power output of wind power can complement each other in time., this paper proposes an optimal scheduling strategy for solar thermal-photovoltaic-wind alliance power generation system, which uses thermal storage device of the heat power station of solar energy to cope with the problem of wind and light abandonment of new energy power generation and promote the consumption level of renewable energy. The economic and stability deviations of the system before and in the launch the solar thermal power station are compared in depth and the simulation is verified in the IEEE30 node system. The results show that after the introduction of solar thermal power (CSP) station in the combined power generation system, the economy of the scientific is remarkable improvement, the wind turbine is also reduced, which realizes the full absorption of new energy.
Effect of flow channel cross-section shape on the performance of proton exchange membrane electrolysis cell
Authors: Hao Hongwei , Chen Mengdong , Kang Wei , Deng Zhanfeng , Mao Hangyin
Published: March 2024

To study the thermal and mass distribution in proton exchange membrane electrolytic cells (PEMEC), a two-phase numerical model of a single-channel electrolytic cell was established. The polarization performance and gas-heat distribution in a single-channel electrolytic cell under five different flow channel cross-sections (rectangle, trapezoid, inverted trapezoid, triangle, and circle) were studied. The findings indicate that the inverted trapezoidal flow channel’s gas buildup effect is rather severe in both the catalytic and diffusion layers. In the trapezoidal flow channel, the temperature of the proton exchange membrane region is lower, and the electrochemical performance of the rectangular flow channel electrolytic cell is the best, with an improvement rate of up to 11.47%. The electrochemical performance of the triangular and circular flow channels is the worst.
Ultra-short term wind power forecasting method based on improved VMD
Authors: Fu Yunzhi , Zhao Yan , Yu Yuan
Published: March 2024

A CNN-GRU ultra-short term wind power prediction method based on improved VMD is proposed. Firstly, in the data processing part, according to the irregularity and non-stationary peculiarities of wind power, the variational mode decomposition algorithm is adopted to decompose the original sequence of wind power to reduce the non-stationarity. At the same time, considering that the parameter setting and selection in the variational modal decomposition algorithm are of great significance to the decomposition effect, the improved whale improvement method is adopted to find the best parameters in VMD to avoid the problem of poor decomposition effect caused by artificial setting. Finally, the CNN-GRU and GRU models are simulated and compared on the Matlab platform through the field wind farm data.
Application of artificial intelligence technology in photovoltaic power generation prediction
Authors: Ge Junxiong , Gao Baiyu , Zhou Zhongxu , Pang Zhenjiang , Wang Xinping , Hong Haimin , Zhan Zhaowu
Published: March 2024

As a new type of clean energy, photovoltaic power generation has been widely used in production and life. Compared with traditional energy, because the energy of photovoltaic power generation comes from the sun, photovoltaic power generation is mainly affected by the weather, which leads to the intermittency and volatility of this energy and makes the supply and demand relationship of this kind of energy more complex and changeable. With the continuous development of artificial intelligence technology, the field of photovoltaic power generation forecasting is also gradually realizing intelligence. At present, the photovoltaic power generation prediction model based on machine learning and deep learning has gradually become mainstream, which can effectively improve prediction accuracy and efficiency. In addition, the use of artificial intelligence technology can also achieve real-time monitoring and diagnosis of the operating status of photovoltaic power generation systems, further improving the stability and reliability of the system. In the future, with the continuous development and application of artificial intelligence technology, the field of photovoltaic power generation prediction will usher in broader development prospects.
Evaluation and correction of wind energy forecast in Yangjiang
Authors: Liu Yang , Zhu Yan , Zhang Yanxia , Deng Hua , Cheng Chi , Xu Peihua , Gao Sheng , Meng Dan
Published: March 2024

Wind power generation is one of the most promising new energy sources. It is important to study effective short-term wind speed forecasting methods. In this paper, the CMA-GD model is applied to forecast the wind speed over South China in four typical months (January, April, August, and October) in 2022. Taking Longyue Wind Farm in Yangjiang as an example, the simulated wind speed and wind direction are evaluated based on the observation of this station at four heights (10 m, 30 m, 50 m, and 70 m). The results show that the CMA-GD model has a good effect on forecasting the next day’s 24 h wind speed of Longyue Wind Farm. Overall, the correlation coefficients (R) between forecast and observation are 0.77-0.81, and the root-mean-square errors (RMSE) are 1.80-2.08 m·s-1. With the increase in altitude, the simulation effect is a little better. For different months, the R is as follows: October>August>April>January, and the RMSE and mean absolute error (MAE) are as follows: October>January>August>April. For diurnal variation, the wind speed simulation effect in the night is better than that in the day. Due to the influence of the subtropical monsoon climate and local mountain microclimate in April and August, there are some deviations in the wind speed simulation during 4-8 p.m. The difference in wind direction between forecast and observation are as follows: August<January<October<April, the average wind direction differences are between 2-17°, with little difference in the vertical direction. After the forecast wind speed is corrected by the random forest (RF) algorithm, the R of wind speed at each height is 0.92, and RMSEs are 1.07-1.27 m·s-1. The revised wind speed forecast has the same diurnal variation characteristics as the observation, indicating that the random forest algorithm can effectively reduce the model forecast error.
An evaluation strategy for relay protection status based on the cloud model
Authors: Huang Menghua , Wu Kaiwu , Chen Tao , Ye Qing
Published: March 2024

After the relay protection secondary equipment is put into operation for a period of time, it will be affected by aging, faults, and other factors, resulting in the gradual decline of the health state of the equipment. Therefore, considering the uncertainty of the influencing factors of equipment aging fault, a relay protection state evaluation method based on the cloud model is proposed. The factors affecting the real-time health state of equipment were analysed, the evaluation indexes were selected, and the weights of each index were calculated. Considering the randomness and fuzziness of the influence factors, a comprehensive evaluation model was established based on boundary fuzzy processing and cloud parameter calculation. Finally, an example was given to verify the rationality and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Analysis of AC filter detuning characteristics and improvement measures in converter station
Authors: Huang Menghua , Xiong Wenting , Wu Kaiwu
Published: March 2024

Shift of parameters of the double-tuned AC filter component and failure in prompt correction of detuning frequency may affect the filtering effect of the AC filter. Therefore, this paper studies impedance-frequency characteristics of the double-tuned AC filter according to detuned recording data of the A-typed double-tuned AC filter in the Congxi converter station. It analyzes the variation of the impedance-frequency characteristic curves and relative change rate of resonant frequency as there are deviations between actual values and rated values of each filter capacitance and inductance elements in different degrees, and concludes that variation of the parameter of each element in different degrees may cause different deviations of resonant points of the double-tuned AC filter. MATLAB simulation has proved it can reduce the detuning degree and improve the filtering performance of the filter by adjusting the parameters of the variable reactor to change in the opposite direction of the parameters of the resonant capacitor.
Research on resistance detection robot for UHV tension insulator string
Authors: Wang Zhenyu , Li Yunxiang , Li Jiang , Ai Yunfei , Mao Dun , Zou Jinzhou , Xu Yurong , Wu Yuze
Published: March 2024

Insulator inspection robots can realize automatic and rapid inspection of insulators of ultra-high voltage transmission lines, which is an important guarantee equipment for the continuous safe operation of the national power grid. Aiming at the needs of ultra-high voltage insulator string inspection, an insulator robot is designed to realize efficient and stable insulator string motion and insulator detection, and the main work includes proposing a new insulator string motion robot configuration and realizing its string motion and inspection functions in the form of a physical prototype. It has been proved that the robot has a large motion load and strong motion performance, and can be adapted to the complex working conditions consisting of a variety of insulators within a certain size range.
Influence of different test methods on the accuracy of high current busbar insulation resistance
Authors: Wang Yulong , Li Jiangxu , Li Lili , Xia Bin , Huang Qinfa , Wang Chunquan
Published: March 2024

Compared with the traditional cable, the high current busbar fully embodies its superiority in the process of current transmission, and thus its insulation performance test is of great significance to the safe operation of the line. In this paper, the insulation resistance of the high current busbar is measured by the basic test principle and the voltage injection test method respectively, and then the accuracy and precision of the two test methods are compared. The test results show that the relative error of insulation resistance of positive and negative busbar fluctuates in the range of 0.35%-4.20% and 0.10%-3.33%, respectively, while that of voltage injection test fluctuates in the range of 0.60%-2.80% and 1.10%-1.80%, respectively. Regardless of the basic test principle or voltage injection test, the relative error of insulation resistance in the high current busbar is less than 5%, and the voltage injection test method is more accurate. Compared with the basic test principle, the maximum relative error of Rn
and Rp
is reduced by 0.87% and 1.00% respectively.