bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Resonance Raman Frequencies and Core Size for Low‐ and High‐Spin Nickel Porphyrins.
Authors: KIM D. , SU Y. O. , SPIRO T. G.
Published: May 2016

Resonance Raman spectra are reported with B‐ and Q‐band excitation for the nickel(II) complexes of octaethylporphyrin, protoporphyrin IX dimethyl ester and meso‐tetraphenylporphine in CH2Cl2 (4‐coordinate, low spin) and piperidine (6‐coordinate dipiperidine adducts, high spin).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Absorption Spectroscopy of a Carbazole‐Dinitrofluorene Bichromophore. Identity of Ground‐State Molecular Interactions in the Single Crystal and Aggregates in Solution.
Authors: BRISSE F. , DUROCHER G. , GAUTHIER S. , GRAVEL D. , MARQUES R. , VERGELATI C. , ZELENT B.
Published: May 2016

The bichromophore (V) ( P21/n, Z=4) which is prepared in accordance with the scheme shows no ground‐state intramolecular interaction but solute‐solute or solute‐solvent interactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Redox Properties of Polypyridyl‐Aqua Complexes of Osmium.
Authors: PIPES D. W. , MEYER T. J.
Published: May 2016

The electrochemical properties of the complexes (I) and (II) are studied in aqueous solutions over the pH range 0‐14. Multiple electron, proton coupled redox steps are observed with the formation of lower oxidation state Os(III) and Os(II) hydroxo or aquo complexes upon reduction.
ChemInform Abstract: The Reaction of LiAlH4/HMPA with Oximes: Mechanism and Synthetic Applications.
Authors: BALACHANDER N. , WANG S.‐S. , SUKENIK C. N.
Published: May 2016

Reduction of the oximes (Ia) and (Ib) with lithium alanate yields the aldehydes (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of a Lacunar Bis(isothiocyanato)cobalt(III) Cyclidene Complex: A Structural Model for Distal Steric Effects in Hemoproteins.
Authors: JACKSON P. J. , CAIRNS C. , LIN W. , ALCOCK N. W. , BUSCH D. H.
Published: May 2016

The title complexes (I) and (II) (for comparison) are prepared starting with the corresponding Co(II) compounds without axial ligands in MeCN by reaction with NaSCN and oxidation by Ce(IV) ions.
ChemInform Abstract: Meta Photocycloaddition of trans‐1,2‐Dichloroethylene to Benzenoid Compounds: Mechanistic Considerations and Photo and Thermal Labilities of the Adducts.
Authors: CORNELISSE J. , GILBERT A. , RODWELL P. W.
Published: May 2016

Trans‐1,2‐dichloroethene (II) and benzene (Ia) or its derivatives (Ib) and (Ic) are irradiated, yielding the adducts (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Metal Ion Coordination in Copper and Nickel Reconstituted Hemoglobins.
Authors: MANOHARAN P. T. , ALSTON K. , RIFKIND J. M.
Published: May 2016

The origin of the complex visible spectra of Ni(II)‐ and Cu(II)‐substituted human hemoglobin A is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: (S)‐(‐)‐ and (R)‐(+)‐1‐(Pentafluorophenyl)ethanol.
Authors: MEESE C. O.
Published: May 2016

The title compound (S)‐(‐)‐(II) is prepared by enantioselective reduction of the ketone (I) with the chiral Noyori reagent (NRG) or by optical resolution of rac‐(II) using the isocyanate (S)‐(III), and trichlorosilane scission of the (‐)‐form of the diastereomeric urethanes (IV) obtained.
ChemInform Abstract: Degradation of Trialkylamines in the Reaction of 1,1,3‐Trichloro‐1‐Hisoindole with Primary and Secondary Amines.
Authors: BALITSKAYA O. V.
Published: May 2016

Trialkylamines such as trimethylamine (IIIa), dimethylbenzylamine (IIIb) or triethylamine (VI) participate in the reaction of the trichloroisoindole (I) with the nitroaniline (II) or the N‐benzylaniline (V) to give the dialkylaminoiminoisoindole (IV) or the salt (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Structural and Biological Studies on Benzimidazolyl Amino Acid Complexes of Dimethyldichlorosilane.
Authors: AMINABHAVI T. M. , BIRADAR N. S. , PATIL S. B. , HOFFMAN D. E.
Published: May 2016

Refluxing a mixture of o‐phenylenediamine, the appropriate amino acid and 6 N HCl for about 70 h leads to the free bases (I) which react with equimolar quantities of Me2SiCl2 to yield the complexes (II) (no yield given).
ChemInform Abstract: UCr4C4 with Filled MoNi4 Type Structure.
Authors: BEHRENS R. K. , JEITSCHKO W.
Published: May 2016

The title compound has been prepared by arc melting of coldpressed pellets of the elements and subsequent annealing at 800 or 1100 °C. UCr4C4 crystallizes in the tetragonal system, space group I4/m, Z=2.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Addition of the 2‐Phenylsulfonyl‐Substituted Allylic Bromides to Aldehydes in the Presence of Zinc or Chromium(II) Chloride.
Authors: AUVRAY P. , KNOCHEL P. , NORMANT J. F.
Published: May 2016

The phenylsulfonylallylbromides (I) react with the aldehydes (II) in the presence of zinc or Cr(II) salts, prepared in situ, to give the adducts (III) ‐ (V), depending on the reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt Carbonyl Catalyzed Reactions of Esters and Lactones with Hydrosilane and Carbon Monoxide. A Novel Synthetic Method for the Introduction of the Siloxymethylidene Group.
Authors: CHATANI N. , FUJII S. , YAMASAKI Y. , MURAI S. , SONODA N.
Published: May 2016

A new methodology for making C‐Co bonds by utilizing the high affinity of Si in R3SiCo(CO)4 for oxygen, has resulted in the development of new catalytic reactions of alkyl acetates and lactones with hydrosilanes R3SiH and CO in the presence of Co2(CO)8.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 5‐Substituted 4‐O‐Methyl Tetramates.
Authors: JONES R. C. F. , BATES A. D.
Published: May 2016

The acylacetates (I) react with the orthoester (II) and NBS, yielding the butenoates (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure and Transformation of 8‐Oxa‐4‐thia‐1‐azabicyclo‐(4,3,0)nonan‐9‐one.
Authors: EREMEEV A. V. , NURDINOV R. , POLYAK F. D. , ZOLOTOYABKO R. M. , MISHNEV A. F. , BELYAKOV S. V. , BLEIDELIS YA. YA.
Published: May 2016

Reduction of the thiazine dicarboxylate (I) with sodium borohydride produces the bicyclus (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclotrimerization of Rhodanic Acid in Organic Solvents.
Authors: RYBIN A. G. , ZIL'BERMAN E. N. , ETLIS I. V. , CHERVYAKOVA G. N.
Published: May 2016

Rhodanic acid, obtained from pyridinium rhodanide (II) and sulfuric acid, is trimerized in isopropanol to give 1,3,5‐trimercapto‐s‐triazine (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Germanium‐Modified Cordierite Ceramics with Low Thermal Expansion.
Authors: AGRAWAL D. K. , STUBICAN V. S. , MEHROTRA Y.
Published: May 2016

The preparation of highly dense, single‐phase Ge‐modified cordierite is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Reinvestigation of the Pressure Effect on the Outer‐Sphere Electron‐Transfer Reaction Between Aquapentaamminecobalt(III) and Hexacyanoferrate(II) in Aqueous Solution.
Authors: SASAKI Y. , ENDO K. , NAGASAWA A. , SAITO K.
Published: May 2016

The kinetic parameters of the title reaction reported by other authors are corrected on the basis of measurements using other reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of 1,8‐Substituted Naphthalenes. Part 18. peri Hydroxy and peri Acyloxynaphthyl Benzyl Ketones Under the Conditions of the Isoflavone Synthesis.
Authors: ZHUKOVSKAYA O. N. , MEZHERITSKII V. V. , PIVOVARENKO V. G.
Published: May 2016

The reaction of the ketone (I) with a series of carbonyl compounds in the presence of a base affords the peri acyloxysubstituted enol acylates (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Introduction of Acyl Substituents at Position 2 of the Indolinone Ring.
Authors: VELEZHEVA V. S. , SMUSHKEVICH V. YU. , ROMANOVA O. B. , KURKOVSKAYA L. N. , SUVOROV N. N.
Published: May 2016

The reaction between N‐acetylindolinone (I) and the carboxylic anhydrides (II) in the presence of H2SO4 affords products of C‐acylation, i.e. the compounds (III), which are deacetylated to give the 2‐acylindolin‐3‐ones (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of d,l‐(3‐Acetoxy‐1‐octadecylthio)propyl‐2‐phosphorylcholine: A Geometrical Isomer of Thia‐PAF.
Authors: GARRIGUES B. , BERTRAND G. , MAFFRAND J.‐P.
Published: May 2016

The S‐octadecyl thioglycerol (I) is acetylated with acetic anhydride (II) to give the diacetate (III) which is selectively hydrolyzed, producing the monoacetate (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Characterization of an Iron(III) Porphyrin N‐Oxide.
Authors: GROVES J. T. , WATANABE Y.
Published: May 2016

The slow addition of (II) to the complex (I) gives a new species which was identified to be the title compound (III) by spectroscopic evidence and the facility of its demetalation reaction with 4:1‐AcOH/HCl (0 °C, 60 s) to give the free N‐oxide of the porphyrin in 25% yield.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanistic Informations from trans‐Effect in the Anation Reactions of Some Bis(dimethylglyoximato)Rh(III) Complexes.
Authors: DREOS GARLATTI R. , TAUZHER G. , COSTA G.
Published: May 2016

The parallel lability trend for the title reactions of (I) and analogous Co compounds suggests a dissociative activation process for the reactions of the Rh complexes.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel(II)‐Promoted Rearrangements of Some N‐Substituted Porphyrins.
Authors: SMITH K. M. , PANDEY R. K. , SNOW K. M.
Published: May 2016

The N‐methoxycarbonylmethylporphyrin (Ia), obtained by standard procedures, rearranges in the presence of nickel(II)‐compounds to give a mixture of the isomeric meso‐substituted nickel(II) porphyrins (IIb) and (IIc); a minor amount of the N‐unsubstituted complex (IIa) is also formed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Nα‐(2‐Naphthylsulfonylglycyl)‐4‐guanidino‐ and ‐4‐guanidinomethyl‐phenylalaninepiperidide as a Thrombin Inhibitor.
Authors: HORN H. , WAGNER G.
Published: May 2016

The guanidine derivatives (II) and (IV) mentioned in the title are prepared from the corresponding amino compounds (I) and (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Stability of H‐(NH3) and H‐(NH3)2.
Authors: HIRAO K. , KAWAI E.
Published: May 2016

Ab initio MO calculations support the hypothesis that the NH4‐ ion can be described as an H‐ ion solvated by ammonia.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanisms for the Solvolytic Decompositions of Nucleoside Analogues. Part 19. Reactions of 5‐Bromo Substituted Pyrimidine Nucleosides with Aqueous Alkalies: Kinetics and Mechanisms.
Authors: KAEPPI R. + , LOENNBERG H. +
Published: May 2016

In aqueous alkaline solution the bromocytidine (I) is transformed to yield the hydroxy derivative (II) and the uridine (III) in addition to nonchromophoric products.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of the Trimethylchlorosilane‐Dimethyl Sulfoxide Reagent with Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: BELLESIA F. , GHELFI F. , GRANDI R. , PAGNONI U. M.
Published: May 2016

The title reaction with a series of carbonyl compounds yields the products shown in the scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 9‐Phenyl‐5H‐2‐benzazepines by Ring Expansion of 1‐Phenyl‐ 2,3‐dihydroisoquinolines.
Authors: LANTOS I. , BHATTACHARJEE D. , EGGLESTON D. S.
Published: May 2016

The phenethylamides (I) are cyclized to form the dihydroisoquinolines (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Spin Density of the Hexacyanochromate(III) Ion Measured by Polarized Neutron Diffraction.
Authors: FIGGIS B. N. , FORSYTH J. B. , REYNOLDS P. A.
Published: May 2016

A Cs2KCr(CN)6 single crystal has been investigated by polarized neutron diffraction and the magnetic structure factors obtained are analyzed in terms of valence orbital or alternatively multipole populations on all atoms.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal and Molecular Structure of 1,2‐Diphenylcyclopentene, C17H16. A Redetermination.
Authors: SMITS J. M. M. , BEURSKENS P. T. , LAARHOVEN W. H.
Published: May 2016

The title compound crystallizes in the space group P21 with Z=2.
ChemInform Abstract: Configurational Assignment of the Diels‐Alder Adducts of Cyclopentadiene and 9,10‐Dihydro‐9,10‐ethenoanthracene‐11,12‐dicarboxylic Anhydride by PMR Spectroscopy.
Authors: CHATURVEDI J. , VERMA S. M.
Published: May 2016

The reaction between the anhydride (I) and cyclopentadiene (II) yields a mixture of the exo (III)‐ and the endo‐adduct (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Influence of the Oxygen‐for‐Fluorine Substitution on the Electric Properties of K1‐xBixF1+2x Solid Solutions.
Authors: LABORDE P. , REAU J.‐M.
Published: May 2016

In the KBiF4‐BiF3‐BiOF system a large homogeneity range with fluorite‐type structure is shown to occur.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple, Mild Elimination of Hydrogen Halide from Primary Alkyl Bromides and Iodides.
Authors: JEROPOULOS S. , SMITH E. H.
Published: May 2016

The terminal alkenes (II) and (IV) are obtained from the primary halides (Ia) ‐ (If) and (III) under basic conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Monobromination of Aromatic Amines with Tetrabutylammonium Tribromide.
Authors: BERTHELOT J. , GUETTE C. , ESSAYEGH M. , DESBENE P. L. , BASSELIER J. J.
Published: May 2016

Bromination of the anilines (I) with tetrabutylammonium tribromide (II) yields predominantly the p‐bromoanilines (III), together with small amounts of the 2,4‐disubstituted compounds (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: 1,4‐Naphthoquinones. Part 15. Reaction of 2‐ and 3‐Chloro‐ or Bromojuglone Derivatives with OH‐ in Methanol (Part 1. Monomeric Compounds).
Authors: WURM G. , GURKA H.‐J. , GERES U.
Published: May 2016

The halojuglones (I) react with sodium hydroxide in methanol to yield the substitution products (II) and (III).
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of 2,5‐Disubstituted Thiophenes from 1‐Propynylamines or Allenic Amines and Thiocarbonyl Compounds.
Authors: DE JONG R. L. P. , BRANDSMA L.
Published: May 2016

The 1‐aminopropynes (I) and the aminoallenes (IV) are treated with Schlosser's reagent (II) to form the salts (III).
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of 2,3‐Disubstituted Quinazolin‐4‐ones.
Authors: ASHARE R. , MUKERJEE A. K.
Published: May 2016

Whereas reaction of the acid (Ia) with the isothiocyanates (II) gives the title compounds (III), the reaction of (Ib) with (IIa) or (IIb) yields the products (IV) or (V).
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Aryl‐s‐triazolo(4,3‐a)pyrimidines. Synthesis and Transformations.
Authors: KREZHEL' I.
Published: May 2016

The condensation reaction of the tetrahydropyrimidine (I) with the arylhydrazines (II) gives the triazolo(4,3‐a)pyrimidines (III).
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Isothiocyanatobenzylpyridinium Bromide. An Intermediate for the Synthesis of 2‐Arylamino‐4H‐benzo(d) (1,3)thiazines.
Authors: GONDA J. , KRISTIAN P.
Published: May 2016

The reaction between the bromide (I) and pyridine affords the title compound (II), which adds the aromatic amines (III) to yield the thiourea bromides (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: 5,6,6a,7,12,14‐Hexahydroisoquino(2,3‐b)benz‐2‐azepine. A New Way of Access.
Authors: HENIN J. , GARDENT J.
Published: May 2016

The tetralone (I) is coupled with the aldehydes (II) to produce the arylidene compounds (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel Complexes with a Propellane Structure.
Authors: SCHWAGER H. , KRUEGER C. + , NEIDLEIN R. , WILKE G.
Published: May 2016

The Ni complexes (II) are prepared by addition of corresponding Ni(0) complexes to the central three‐membered ring double bond of difluorocyclopropabenzene (I) with removal of aromaticity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Tuftsin Using Picolyl Ester Method.
Authors: DASGUPTA S. , CHAUHAN V. S.
Published: May 2016

A convenient and quick synthesis of the title compound is carried out following the pathway shown in the scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: The Structure and Properties of the Products of Reaction between 3,4,6‐Tri‐O‐acetyl‐2‐deoxy‐2‐nitroso‐α‐D‐galactopyranosyl Chloride and Pyrazole.
Authors: SMIATACZ Z. , SZWEDA R. , MYSZKA H.
Published: May 2016

Coupling the glycosyl chloride (I) with pyrazole (III) yields the N‐glycosides (III) ‐ (V).
ChemInform Abstract: X‐Ray Molecular Structure of Caissarone, a Novel Purine Derivative from the Sea Anemone Bunodosoma caissarum Correa 1964.
Authors: ZELNIK R. , HARAGUCHI M. , MATIDA A. K. , LAVIE D. , FROLOW F. , WEIS A. L.
Published: May 2016

The title compound is isolated as the hydrochloride (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Effects of CdS Film Thickness on the Photovoltaic Properties of Sintered CdS/CdTe Solar Cells.
Authors: LEE J. S. , JUN Y. K. , IM H. B.
Published: May 2016

Polycrystalline CdS/CdTe heterojunction solar cells with various thicknesses of the CdS film (15‐55 μm) have been prepared by the coating (slurry of CdS, CdCl2, propylene glycol) and sintering method.
ChemInform Abstract: An ab initio SCF‐MO Study of the Relative Stability of Carbonyl Imines (R2C=O‐NR).
Authors: ALTMANN J. A. , RZEPA H. S.
Published: May 2016

The thermal ring opening of oxaziridines (I) could, in principle, produce nitrones (II) or carbonyl imines (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Chalcone Aziridines. Part 3. Reaction of trans‐Chalcone Aziridines with Isocyanates, Isothiocyanates and HSCN.
Authors: WEBER F. G. , LIEPERT H. , KOEPPEL H. +
Published: May 2016

The reaction of the aziridines (I) with the isocyanate (II) or with the isothiocyanates (VIII) yields the 1‐phenylcarbamoyl aziridines (III) or the thiazolines (IX).
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions Between Phosphazenes and Organosilicon Compounds. Part 2. Synthesis and Molecular Structure of Methylsilane‐ and Methylsiloxane‐Cyclotriphosphazenes.
Authors: ALLCOCK H. R. , BRENNAN D. J. , GRAASKAMP J. M. , PARVEZ M.
Published: May 2016

The mono‐ and gem‐disubstituted chlorocyclotriphosphazenes (II), (III), and (IV) are prepared as shown in the scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclic Organylarsino Sulfur Diimides.
Authors: HERBERHOLD M. , GULDNER K.
Published: May 2016

The reactions of the bifunctional bis(chloroarsino) compounds (I) and (III) with the salt K2SN2 lead to mono‐ and bicyclic products (II) and (IV), resp., containing arsino‐substituted sulfur diimide units.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Characterization, and Electrochemical Studies of Iron, Cobalt, and Nickel Complexes of Polyphosphine Ligands.
Authors: DUBOIS D. L. , MIEDANER A.
Published: May 2016

The reaction of (M(NCMe)6)(BF4)2 (M: Fe, Co, Ni) with the polyphosphine ligands PPh3‐n(CH2CH2PPh2)n (n = 3, 2, 1) results in the formation of the complexes (I)‐(VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Amino Acids and Peptides. Part 12. Synthesis of Thiated Analogues of Boc‐S‐Ala‐Aib‐S‐Ala‐OMe and Ac‐S‐Ala‐Aib‐S‐Ala‐OMe.
Authors: JENSEN O. E. , SENNING A.
Published: May 2016

The synthesis of the title peptides (IIIa), (IIIb) and their thio analogues (IIIc), (IVa), (V), (IVb), and (IX) starts from the reaction of the dipeptide (Ib) (from (Ia)) with the ester (II); the product (IIIa) can be readily transformed to (IIIb) in two steps.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Disaccharide Analogues of Methyl 4‐O‐α‐D‐Galactopyranosyl‐ β‐D‐galactopyranoside (“Methyl Urobioside”), the Minimum Structure Recognized by p‐Fimbriated E. coli.
Authors: NORBERG T. , OSCARSON S. , SZOENYI M. +
Published: May 2016

Glycosidation of the rhamnoside (Ic), prepared from (Ia) by benzoylation, acidic hydrolysis, and partial benzoylation of the resulting diol, with the galactoside (II) gives the disaccharide (III) which is deblocked to yield (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Substitution of Allylic Nitro Compounds. Regiochemistry.
Authors: TAMURA R. , KAI Y. , KAKIHANA M. , HAYASHI K. , TSUJI M. , NAKAMURA T. , ODA D.
Published: May 2016

The allylic nitro compounds (I) and (VI) undergo allylic substitution with the nucleophiles (II) and (IX) in the presence of the Pd(0) complex (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Deiodination of Cubyl Iodides: A Tactic for the Nucleophilic Introduction of Substituents onto the Cubane Framework.
Authors: EATON P. E. , CUNKLE G. T.
Published: May 2016

The cubyl iodide (I) reacts with peracids to yield the acetoxycubane (II) or ‐ via (III) and (IV) ‐ the ester (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Anion Binding and Substrate Photooxidation in Visible Light by 2,7‐Diazapyrenium Cations.
Authors: BLACKER A. J. , JAZWINSKI J. , LEHN J.‐M.
Published: May 2016

Diazapyrenium dications such as (II) combine features of those of pyrene, methylviologen, and nucleic‐acid intercalators.
ChemInform Abstract: Macroscopically Oriented Copper(II) Chelates in Cast Multibilayer Films.
Authors: ISHIKAWA Y. , KUNITAKE T.
Published: May 2016

Cast films of bilayer membranes consisting of the ammonium compound (I) and Cu(II) chelates (II) or (III) in which the chelate moiety is noncovalently bound are prepared from the ligands and CuSO4 (water, pH 8.1, 20 °C) followed by addition of (I) and by spreading the dispersion on Teflon plates (20‐25 °C, some days).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactivity of (Thioamido S‐oxide)(diene)rhodium(I) Complexes. X‐Ray Structure of Rh(I)((p‐Tol)(p‐TolN)C=S=O) (NBD).
Authors: JANS R. J. F. , VAN KOTEN G. , VRIEZE K. , SPEK A. L.
Published: May 2016

Amidosulfines in their anionic form (II) react with the Rh complex (III) to give the title compounds (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Cationic Arene Complexes of Rhodium and Ruthenium with Functional Substituents in the Side Chain.
Authors: KUDINOV A. R. , KAGANOVICH V. S. , RYBINSKAYA M. I.
Published: May 2016

In the arene complexes of rhodium (I) and ruthenium (IV) the arene is replaced by the substituted arenes (II) to give the title compounds (III) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: The Use of S‐Acetamidomethyl‐L‐cysteine in the Synthesis of Glutathione, Glutathione Fragments, and Their Amides.
Authors: MINCHEV S. , SOFRONIEV N. V.
Published: May 2016

The tripeptide derivative (III) obtained from the readily accessible dipeptide derivative (I) and the active ester (II) is transformed to the hydrobromide (IV); subsequent oxidation leads to glutathione‐SS (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of an allo‐Threonine Derivative by Catalytic Hydrogenation of an α‐Acetylamino‐β‐ketobutyric Acid Ester on Modified Catalysts.
Authors: VEDEBYAPIN A. A. , MURINA I. P. , KUZNETSOVA T. I. , KLABUNOVSKII E. I.
Published: May 2016

Hydrogenation of the N‐acetyl amino ketobutyrate (II), prepared from the derivative (I), in the presence of a modified nickel catalyst leads to the stereoselective formation of N‐acetyl‐allo‐threonine (III).
Androgen deprivation therapy use and risk of death in men treated with high‐dose radiation for intermediate‐risk prostate cancer
Authors: Keane Florence K. , D'Amico Anthony V.
Published: May 2016

Men with favorable intermediate‐risk prostate cancer have excellent outcomes in comparison with men with unfavorable intermediate‐risk disease. In this issue of Cancer, Falchook et al report the largest study to date of men with favorable intermediate‐risk prostate cancer treated with dose‐escalated radiotherapy with or without androgen deprivation therapy. They demonstrate that overall survival is not associated with the use of androgen deprivation therapy and provide level 2 evidence to suggest the exclusion of androgen deprivation therapy in this population. See also pages 2341–9.
Understand risks of using behavior contracts as misconduct sanctions
Authors: Masinter Michael R.
Published: May 2016

Dealing with disability‐related disruptive conduct is one of the harder problems schools face. In the K–12 system, behavior contracts are one common solution, and some postsecondary institutions have sought to adapt them, imposing a behavior contract on a student with a disability who engages in disruptive classroom behavior as an alternative to removal from a class or suspension from school. Both behavior intervention teams and disability services offices should consider their Americans with Disabilities Act obligations in using behavior contracts as a sanction and should use them only after making a record of the student's misconduct. Here's why.
Apply for grant funding to expand services for students with disabilities
Authors: Gaddy Stephanie
Published: May 2016

Providing access for students with disabilities is your first job priority. Whether you are providing alternative text formats, web accessibility, removal of mobility barriers or interpreters, your priority is to ensure students with disabilities have equal access. Although many of these accommodations are included in budgets and/or achieved through collaboration with your colleagues, there still may be some additional areas where you would like to expand services to provide enhanced support.
The role of insulin pump therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Landau Zohar , Raz Itamar , Wainstein Julio , Bar‐Dayan Yosefa , Cahn Avivit
Published: May 2016

Many patients with type 2 diabetes fail to achieve adequate glucose control despite escalation of treatment and combinations of multiple therapies including insulin. Patients with long‐standing type 2 diabetes often suffer from the combination of severe insulin deficiency in addition to insulin resistance, thereby requiring high doses of insulin delivered in multiple injections to attain adequate glycemic control. Insulin‐pump therapy was first introduced in the 1970s as an approach to mimic physiological insulin delivery and attain normal glucose in patients with type 1 diabetes. The recent years have seen an increase in the use of this technology for patients with type 2 diabetes. This article summarizes the clinical studies evaluating insulin pump use in patients with type 2 diabetes and discusses the benefits and shortcomings of pump therapy in this population. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mycorrhizas influence functional traits of two tallgrass prairie species
Authors: Weremijewicz Joanna , Seto Kotaro
Published: May 2016

Over the past decade, functional traits that influence plant performance and thus, population, community, and ecosystem biology have garnered increasing attention. Generally lacking, however, has been consideration of how ubiquitous arbuscular mycorrhizas influence plant allometric and stoichiometric functional traits. We assessed how plant dependence on and responsiveness to mycorrhizas influence plant functional traits of a warm‐season, C4 grass, Andropogon gerardii Vitman, and the contrasting, cool‐season, C3 grass, Elymus canadensis L. We grew both host species with and without inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi, across a broad gradient of soil phosphorus availabilities. Both host species were facultatively mycotrophic, able to grow without mycorrhizas at high soil phosphorus availability. A. gerardii was most dependent upon mycorrhizas and E. canadensis was weakly dependent, but highly responsive to mycorrhizas. The high dependence of A. gerardii on mycorrhizas resulted in higher tissue P and N concentrations of inoculated than noninoculated plants. When not inoculated, E. canadensis was able to take up both P and N in similar amounts to inoculated plants because of its weak dependence on mycorrhizas for nutrient uptake and its pronounced ability to change root‐to‐shoot ratios. Unlike other highly dependent species, A. gerardii had a high root‐to‐shoot ratio and was able to suppress colonization by mycorrhizal fungi at high soil fertilities. E. canadensis, however, was unable to suppress colonization and had a lower root‐to shoot ratio than A. gerardii. The mycorrhiza‐related functional traits of both host species likely influence their performance in nature: both species attained the maximum responsiveness from mycorrhizas at soil phosphorus availabilities similar to those of tallgrass prairies. Dependence upon mycorrhizas affects performance in the absence of mycorrhizas. Responsiveness to mycorrhizal fungi is also a function of the environment and can be influenced by both mycorrhizal fungus species and soil fertility.
Remotely sensed canopy height reveals three pantropical ecosystem states
Authors: Xu Chi , Hantson Stijn , Holmgren Milena , van Nes Egbert H. , Staal Arie , Scheffer Marten
Published: May 2016

Although canopy height has long been a focus of interest in ecology, it has remained difficult to study at large spatial scales. Recently, satellite‐borne LiDAR equipment produced the first systematic high resolution maps of vegetation height worldwide. Here we show that this new resource reveals three marked modes in tropical canopy height ~40, ~12, and ~2 m corresponding to forest, savanna, and treeless landscapes. The distribution of these modes is consistent with the often hypothesized forest‐savanna bistability and suggests that both states can be stable in areas with a mean annual precipitation between ~1,500  and ~2,000 mm. Although the canopy height states correspond largely to the much discussed tree cover states, there are differences, too. For instance, there are places with savanna‐like sparse tree cover that have a forest‐like high canopy, suggesting that rather than true savanna, those are thinned relicts of forest. This illustrates how complementary sets of remotely sensed indicators may provide increasingly sophisticated ways to study ecological phenomena at a global scale.
Fitness reduction for uncooperative fig wasps through reduced offspring size: a third component of host sanctions
Authors: Jandér K. C. , Dafoe A. , Herre E. A.
Published: May 2016

Mutually beneficial interactions between two species—mutualisms—are ancient, diverse, and of fundamental ecological importance. Nonetheless, factors that prevent one partner from reaping the benefits of the interaction without paying the cost are still poorly understood. Fig trees and their unique pollinators, fig wasps, present a powerful model system for studying mutualism stability. Both partners depend completely on each other for reproduction, cooperation levels can be manipulated, and the resulting field‐based fitness quantified. Previous work has shown that fig trees can impose two types of host sanctions that reduce the fitness of wasps that do not pollinate: (1) fig abortion, which kills all developing larvae, and (2) reduced number of wasp offspring in figs that are not aborted. Here we demonstrate a third component of host sanctions. Through manipulative field experiments, we show that for four of five studied species, offspring of pollen‐free foundresses are only 50–90% the size of offspring of pollinating foundresses. We further show that in all four studied species, smaller wasps are less likely to reach and enter a flowering fig to become foundresses themselves. Therefore, the experimentally determined size reduction of offspring is estimated to cause an additional reduction of up to 80% in fitness for a pollen‐free foundress. We determine that the size reduction of pollen‐free offspring acts on the level of the entire fig fruit rather than on individual flowers. These results show that estimates of the fitness effect of host sanctions on uncooperative symbionts should consider not only offspring quantity but also offspring quality. We discuss implications beyond the fig tree—fig wasp mutualism.
Wide‐Range Tuning of the Mo Oxidation State in La1–xSrxFe2/3Mo1/3O3 Perovskites
Authors: Istomin Sergey Ya. , Chernova Varvara V. , Antipov Evgeny V. , Lobanov Maxim V. , Bobrikov Ivan A. , Yushankhai Viktor Yu. , Balagurov Anatoly M. , Hsu K. Y. , Lin J. ‐Y. , Chen J. M. , Lee J. F. , Volkova Olga S. , Vasiliev Alexander N.
Published: May 2016

La1–xSrxFe2/3Mo1/3O3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) perovskites allow exceptionally wide tuning of the Mo oxidation state from +3 (x = 0) to +6 (x = 1) with the FeIII oxidation state virtually unchanged. The end members of this series show antiferromagnetic ordering in LaFe2/3Mo1/3O3 at TN = 520 K and ferrimagnetic ordering in SrFe2/3Mo1/3O3 at TC = 420 K. The crucial role of electron correlations in the Mo 4d shell suggests that LaFe2/3Mo1/3O3 with a half‐filled band is a Mott insulator, whereas SrFe2/3Mo1/3O3 is a band insulator. In both cases, the magnetic structure is dictated by antiferromagnetic superexchange between localized magnetic moments. At intermediate compositions, an interplay of antiferromagnetic‐superexchange and double‐exchange interactions results in nonmonotonous variations of both the magnetic‐ordering temperature and saturation magnetization.
Ratiometric Thermometer Based on a Lanthanoid Coordination Polymer
Authors: Liu Xue , Siegler Maxime A. , Bouwman Elisabeth
Published: May 2016

The new luminescent lanthanum‐based coordination polymer LaHL, ({[La(HL)(H2O)2]·H2O}n, H4L = 5‐hydroxy‐1,2,4‐benzenetricarboxylic acid) has been synthesized by hydrothermal methods. By the addition of 5 % of a Tb or Eu salt to the reaction mixture, the doped compounds La0.95Tb0.05HL and La0.95Eu0.05HL were obtained, with the same structure as LaHL. The compound La0.95Tb0.05HL can be used as a ratiometric thermometer over the temperature range 90–280 K with a sensitivity of up to 0.53 % K–1 at 280 K.
Determination of Bitterness of Extra Virgin Olive Oils by Amperometric Detection
Authors: Morozova Ksenia , Aprea Eugenio , Cantini Claudio , Migliorini Marzia , Gasperi Flavia , Scampicchio Matteo
Published: May 2016

A flow injection system with amperometric detection at potentials poised at +0.4 and +0.9 V was used to evaluate intensity of the bitter taste in monovarietal Extra Virgin Olive Oils (EVOO). Results from the proposed method were based on the extraction of the bitter constituents of the virgin olive oil samples in methanol‐water, followed by the direct amperometric measurement. These potentials were selected according to the hydrodynamic voltammogram of oleuropein, one of the most prominent and bitter phenolic compound found in EVOO. The amperometric detection was applied on 32 monovariatal EVOO samples. Results were correlated with the phenolic profile measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The amperometric signal at +0.9 V mainly correlated with the total phenols of the samples (R2=0.81), whereas the signal at +0.4 V mainly correlated with oleuropein aglycone (3,4 DHPEA‐EDA, R2=0.79). Bitterness intensity of the samples was evaluated by a trained sensory panel of experts and the results compared to those obtained by the amperometric flow system. The best correlation with the bitter taste was achieved by the sensor at +0.4 V (R2=0.72). A calibration model based on partial least squares was built with three variables, namely the sensors set at +0.4 and +0.9 V and the total phenol content of the EVOO extracts. The model showed a moderate capacity to predict the bitterness of the EVOO samples using leave one out method, (R2=0.75) and in prediction of a test set of samples (R2=0.7). Such approach is very promising for future studies.
Sequence‐based separation of single‐stranded DNA at high salt concentrations in capillary zone electrophoresis
Authors: Zhang Xueru , McGown Linda B.
Published: May 2016

DNA separation by fragment length can be readily achieved using sieving gels in electrophoresis. Separation by sequence has not been as simple, generally requiring adequate differences in native or induced conformation between single or hybridized strands or differences in thermal or chemical stability of hybridized strands. Previously, it was shown that four single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA) 76‐mers that differ by only a few A‐G substitutions could be separated based solely on sequence by adding guanosine‐5’‐monophosphate to the running buffer in capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). The separation was attributed to interactions of the ssDNA with self‐assembled guanine‐tetrad structures; however, subsequent studies of an expanded set of ten 76‐mers showed that the separation was a more general phenomenon that occurred at high salt concentrations. With the long‐term goal of using experimental and computational methods to provide insight into the basis of the separation, a set of ssDNA 15‐mers was designed including a poly(dT) 15‐mer and nine variants. Separations were performed using fluorescent‐labeled ssDNA in CZE with laser‐induced fluorescence detection. Results show that separation improves with increasing buffer concentration and decreasing temperature, due at least in part to longer separation times. Migration times increase with increasing purine content, with A having a much larger effect that G. Circular dichroism spectra of the mixtures of the strands suggest that the separation is not due to changes in conformation of the ssDNA at high salt concentrations.
The role of gypsum and/or dolomite dissolution in tufa precipitation: lessons from the hydrochemistry of a carbonate–sulphate karst system
Authors: Domínguez‐Villar David , Vázquez‐Navarro Juan A. , Krklec Kristina
Published: May 2016

The precipitation of freshwater carbonates (tufa) along karstic rivers is enhanced by degassing of carbon dioxide (CO2) downstream of karstic springs. However, in most karstic springs CO2 degassing is not enough to force the precipitation of tufa sediments. Little is known about the role of dissolution of gypsum or dolomite in the hydrochemistry of these systems and how this affects the formation of tufa deposits. Here we present a monitoring study conducted over a year in Trabaque River (Spain). The river has typical karst hydrological dynamics with water sinking upstream and re‐emerging downstream of the canyon. Mixing of calcium–magnesium bicarbonate and calcium sulphate waters downstream of the sink enhances the dissolution of carbonates and potentially plays a positive role in the formation of tufa sediments. However, due to the common‐ion effect, dissolution of dolomite and/or gypsum causes precipitation of underground calcite cements as part of the incongruent dissolution of dolomite/dedolomitization process, which limits the precipitation of tufa sediments. Current precipitation of tufa is scant compared to previous Holocene tufa deposits, which likely precipitated from solutions with higher saturation indexes of calcite (SIcc values) than nowadays. Limited incongruent dissolution of dolomite/dedolomitization favours higher SIcc values. This circumstance occurs when waters with relatively high supersaturation of dolomite and low SO42− composition sink in the upper sector of the canyon. In such a scenario, the process of mixing waters enhances the exclusive dissolution of limestones, preventing the precipitation of calcite within the aquifer and favouring the increase of SIcc values downstream of the springs. Such conditions were recorded during periods of high water level of the aquifers and during floods. This research shows that the common‐ion effect caused by the dissolution of gypsum and/or dolomite rocks can limit [or favour] the precipitation of tufa sediments depending on the occurrence [or not] of incongruent dissolution of dolomite/dedolomitization. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
EPA Making Air Permit Modeling More Costly, Time‐Consuming, and Uncertain
Authors: Hoffnagle Gale F.
Published: May 2016

Are you considering an air permit for a new power plant or a major modification of an existing one?
Neuronal activity mediated regulation of glutamate transporter GLT‐1 surface diffusion in rat astrocytes in dissociated and slice cultures
Authors: Al Awabdh Sana , Gupta‐Agarwal Swati , Sheehan David F. , Muir James , Norkett Rosalind , Twelvetrees Alison E. , Griffin Lewis D. , Kittler Josef T.
Published: May 2016

The astrocytic GLT‐1 (or EAAT2) is the major glutamate transporter for clearing synaptic glutamate. While the diffusion dynamics of neurotransmitter receptors at the neuronal surface are well understood, far less is known regarding the surface trafficking of transporters in subcellular domains of the astrocyte membrane. Here, we have used live‐cell imaging to study the mechanisms regulating GLT‐1 surface diffusion in astrocytes in dissociated and brain slice cultures. Using GFP‐time lapse imaging, we show that GLT‐1 forms stable clusters that are dispersed rapidly and reversibly upon glutamate treatment in a transporter activity‐dependent manner. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching and single particle tracking using quantum dots revealed that clustered GLT‐1 is more stable than diffuse GLT‐1 and that glutamate increases GLT‐1 surface diffusion in the astrocyte membrane. Interestingly, the two main GLT‐1 isoforms expressed in the brain, GLT‐1a and GLT‐1b, are both found to be stabilized opposed to synapses under basal conditions, with GLT‐1b more so. GLT‐1 surface mobility is increased in proximity to activated synapses and alterations of neuronal activity can bidirectionally modulate the dynamics of both GLT‐1 isoforms. Altogether, these data reveal that astrocytic GLT‐1 surface mobility, via its transport activity, is modulated during neuronal firing, which may be a key process for shaping glutamate clearance and glutamatergic synaptic transmission. GLIA 2016;64:1252–1264
Microglia–Neuron Communication in Epilepsy
Authors: Eyo Ukpong B. , Murugan Madhuvika , Wu Long‐Jun
Published: May 2016

Epilepsy has remained a significant social concern and financial burden globally. Current therapeutic strategies are based primarily on neurocentric mechanisms that have not proven successful in at least a third of patients, raising the need for novel alternative and complementary approaches. Recent evidence implicates glial cells and neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of epilepsy with the promise of targeting these cells to complement existing strategies. Specifically, microglial involvement, as a major inflammatory cell in the epileptic brain, has been poorly studied. In this review, we highlight microglial reaction to experimental seizures, discuss microglial control of neuronal activities, and propose the functions of microglia during acute epileptic phenotypes, delayed neurodegeneration, and aberrant neurogenesis. Future research that would help fill in the current gaps in our knowledge includes epilepsy‐induced alterations in basic microglial functions, neuro–microglial interactions during chronic epilepsy, and microglial contribution to developmental seizures. Studying the role of microglia in epilepsy could inform therapies to better alleviate the disease. GLIA 2016;65:5–18
Methionine‐Restricted Diet Increases miRNAs That Can Target RUNX2 Expression and Alters Bone Structure in Young Mice
Authors: Plummer Jason , Park Miri , Perodin Frantz , Horowitz Mark C. , Hens Julie R.
Published: May 2016

Dietary methionine restriction (MR) increases longevity and improves healthspan in rodent models. Young male C57BL/6J mice were placed on MR to assess effects on bone structure and formation. Mice were fed diets containing 0.86% or 0.12% methionine for 5 weeks. Fasting blood plasma was analyzed for metabolic and bone‐related biomarkers. Tibiae were analyzed by histomorphometry, while femurs were analyzed by micro‐CT and biomechanically using 4‐point bending. MR mice had reduced plasma glucose and insulin, while FGF21 and FGF23 increased. Plasma levels of osteocalcin and osteoprotegrin were unaffected, but sclerostin and procollagen I decreased. MR induced bone marrow fat accretion, antithetical to the reduced fat depots seen throughout the body. Cortical bone showed significant decreases in Bone Tissue Density (BTD). In trabecular bone, mice had decreased BTD, bone surface, trabecula and bone volume, and trabecular thickness.. Biomechanical testing showed that on MR, bones were significantly less stiff and had reduced maximum load and total work, suggesting greater fragility. Reduced expression of RUNX2 occurred in bone marrow of MR mice. These results suggest that MR alters bone remodeling and apposition. In MR mice, miR‐31 in plasma and liver, and miR‐133a, miR‐335‐5p, and miR‐204 in the bone marrow was elevated. These miRNAs were shown previously to target and regulate Osterix and RUNX2 in bone, which could inhibit osteoblast differentiation and function. Therefore, dietary MR in young animals alters bone structure by increasing miRNAs in bone and liver that can target RUNX2. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 31–42, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transcription Factor Drug Targets
Authors: Papavassiliou Kostas A. , Papavassiliou Athanasios G.
Published: May 2016

Transcription factors represent the point of convergence of multiple signaling pathways within eukaryotic cells. Deregulated transcription factors contribute to the pathogenesis of a plethora of human diseases, ranging from diabetes, inflammatory disorders and cardiovascular disease to many cancers, and thus these proteins hold great therapeutic potential. Direct modulation of transcription factor function by small molecules is no longer regarded a Sisyphean task, as recent work in drug discovery has revealed that transcription factors are amenable to drug inhibition. Here in we summarize, recent advances regarding the significance of transcription factors in human diseases and we discuss emerging pharmacological strategies to modulate transcription factor function. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2693–2696, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of Sex and Notch Signaling on the Osteocyte Cell Pool
Authors: Canalis Ernesto , Schilling Lauren , Zanotti Stefano
Published: May 2016

Osteocytes play a fundamental role in mechanotransduction and skeletal remodeling. Sex is a determinant of skeletal structure, and female C57BL/6J mice have increased osteoblast number in cancellous bone when compared to male mice. Activation of Notch in the skeleton causes profound cell‐context dependent changes in skeletal physiology. To determine the impact of sex and of Notch signaling on the osteocyte cell pool, we analyzed cancellous and cortical bone of 1–6‐month‐old C57BL/6J or 129SvJ/C57BL/6J mice and determined the osteocyte number/area. There was an age‐dependent decline in osteocyte number in cancellous bone of male but not female mice, so that 6‐month‐old female mice had a greater number of osteocytes than male littermates. Although differences between male and female mice were modest, female mice had ∼10–15% greater number of osteocytes/area. RNA sequence analysis of osteocyte‐rich preparations did not reveal differences between sexes in the expression of genes known to influence bone homeostasis. Neither the activation of Notch1 nor the concomitant inactivation of Notch1 and Notch2 in Osterix (Sp7) or Dentin matrix protein 1 (Dmp1) expressing cells had a pronounced and consistent effect on cancellous or cortical bone osteocyte number in either sex. Moreover, inactivation of Notch1 and Notch2 in Dmp1 expressing cells did not influence the bone loss in a muscle immobilization model of skeletal unloading. In conclusion, cancellous bone osteocytes decline with age in male mice, cortical osteocytes are influenced by sex in younger mice, but osteocyte cell density is not affected substantially by Notch signaling. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 363–370, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
MicroRNA‐590‐5p Stabilizes Runx2 by Targeting Smad7 During Osteoblast Differentiation
Authors: Vishal M. , Vimalraj S. , Ajeetha R. , Gokulnath M. , Keerthana R. , He Z. , Partridge N.C. , Selvamurugan N.
Published: May 2016

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells and their differentiation into the osteoblastic lineage is strictly controlled by several regulators, including microRNAs (miRNAs). Runx2 is a bone transcription factor required for osteoblast differentiation. Here, we used in silico analysis to identify a number of miRNAs that putatively target Runx2 and its co‐factors to mediate both positive and negative regulation of osteoblast differentiation. Among these miRNAs, miR‐590‐5p was selected and its expression was found to be increased during osteoblast differentiation. When mouse MSCs (mMSCs) were transiently transfected with a miR‐590‐5p mimic, we detected an increase in both calcium deposition and the mRNA expression of osteoblast differentiation marker genes such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and type I collagen genes. Smad7 was found to be among the putative target genes of miR‐590‐5p and its mRNA and protein expression decreased after miR‐590‐5p mimic transfection in human osteoblast‐like cells (MG63). Our analysis indicated that Runx2 was not a putative target of miR‐590‐5p. However, Runx2 protein, but not mRNA expression, increased after miR‐590‐5p mimic transfection in MG63 cells. Runx2 protein expression was increased with knockdown of Smad7 expression by Smad7 siRNA in these cells. We further identified that the 3′‐untranslated region of Smad7 was directly targeted by miR‐590‐5p; this was done using the luciferase reporter gene system. It is known that Smad7 inhibits osteoblast differentiation via Smurf2‐mediated Runx2 degradation. Hence, based on our results, we suggest that miR‐590‐5p promotes osteoblast differentiation by indirectly protecting and stabilizing the Runx2 protein by targeting Smad7 gene expression. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 371–380, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.