bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physicochemical properties, sensory characteristics, and antioxidant activity of the goat milk yogurt probiotic Pediococcus acidilactici BK01 on the addition of red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum rhizoma)
Authors: Melia Sri , Juliyarsi Indri , Kurnia Yulianti Fitri
Published: March 2022

Background and Aim: Yogurt contains beneficial probiotics. Addition of red ginger to yogurt as an antioxidant source becomes a way to improve the flavor and functional properties of yogurt. This study aimed to examine yogurt processing and the effect of adding red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum rhizoma), as an antioxidant source, on Pediococcus acidilactici BK01. It sought to observe the physicochemical and sensory qualities during storage (4°C).

Materials and Methods: Goat milk was obtained from local farmers in Lubuk Minturun, Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia. The yogurt was divided into two factors. Factor A was supplemented with red ginger in various concentrations: A (0% – as control), B (1%), C (2%), and D (3%). On the other hand, Factor B was subjected to variations in storage time: A (1 day), B (15 days), and C (30 days). Each treatment was conducted in triplicate. Physicochemical properties (pH, titratable acidity [TTA], and proximate analysis), sensory characteristics, and antioxidant activity (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging capacity) were measured using the standard tests. The data were analyzed through analyzing multivariate (analysis of variance) supported by Duncan's multiple range test.

Results: The addition of red ginger juice increased the antioxidant activity, TTA, and water holding capacity (WHC) (p<0.05), while syneresis was significantly decreased; however, it had no effect on the total lactic acid bacteria. At the end of this research (day 30), the yogurt was still suitable for consumption, with the following composition: Antioxidant activity 48.39%, pH 4.3, TTA 1.716, water content 80%, protein 3%, fat 3%, syneresis 28%, WHC 63%, and total lactic acid bacteria 89×108 colony-forming units/mL. Furthermore, yogurt supplemented with red ginger changed its color into red blush.

Conclusion: Yogurt red ginger juice is recommended as a functional drink, as it contains probiotics P. acidilactici BK01 and antioxidants to support human health. The addition of up to 3% ginger juice and a storage period of 30 days are still favored by the panelists and meet the quality standard of yogurt. We have not conducted the study on active compounds so, further research could be conducted on the components of the active compounds found in red ginger yogurt.
Transcutaneous Electrical Acustimulation Improves Constipation by Enhancing Rectal Sensation in Patients With Functional Constipation and Lack of Rectal Sensation
Authors: Xiao Ye , Xu Feng , Lin Lin , Chen Jiande D.Z.
Published: March 2022

INTRODUCTION:

Reduced rectal sensation is involved in the pathophysiology of constipation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of transcutaneous electrical acustimulation (TEA) at acupuncture point ST36 on constipation and rectal sensation as well as autonomic functions in patients with constipation and reduced rectal sensation.

METHODS:

In an acute study, anorectal motility and sensation tests were performed in constipation patients (N = 53) who were treated with TEA at ST36 or sham points. In a chronic study, patients (N = 18) underwent 2 weeks of TEA or sham-TEA in a crossover design.

RESULTS:

Chronic TEA increased spontaneous bowel movements (3.72 vs 2.00 per week with sham-TEA, P < 0.0001) and significantly reduced constipation symptoms and increased quality of life in comparison with sham-TEA (P < 0.05). Acute TEA reduced the sensation threshold in response to rectal distention for the urge of defecation and maximum tolerable volume (P < 0.05, vs baseline); chronic TEA reduced the sensation thresholds for first sensation and desire of defecation, and decreased the threshold volume to an elicit rectal anal inhibitory reflex (P < 0.05). Both acute and chronic TEA increased parasympathetic activity (P < 0.05).

DISCUSSION:

TEA at ST36 improves chronic constipation by enhancing rectal sensation possibly mediated by the reinforcement of parasympathetic activity in patients with functional constipation and reported lack/absence of rectal sensation.
Development and Evaluation of the Utility of a Respiratory Monitoring and Visual Feedback System for Radiotherapy Using Machine Vision Technology
Authors: Kim Chul Hang , Choi Hoon Sik , Kang Ki Mun , Jeong Bae Kwon , Jeong Hojin , Ha In Bong , Song Jin Ho
Published: March 2022

Background: We developed a machine vision technology program that tracks patients’ realtime breathing and automatically analyzes their breathing patterns.Materials and Methods: To evaluate its potential for clinical application, the image tracking performance and accuracy of the program were analyzed using a respiratory motion phantom. Changes in the stability and regularity of breathing were observed in healthy adult volunteers according to whether the breathing pattern mirrored the breathing guidance.Results and Discussion: Displacement within a few millimeters was observed in real-time with a clear resolution, and the image tracking ability was excellent. This result was consistent even in the sections where breathing patterns changed rapidly. In addition, the respiratory gating method that reflected the individual breathing patterns improved breathing stability and regularity in all volunteers.Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that this technology can be used to set the appropriate window and the range of internal target volume by reflecting the patient’s breathing pattern during radiotherapy planning. However, further studies in clinical populations are required to validate this technology.
Islamic Social Finance: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Ismail Nurizal , Aisyah Siti
Published: March 2022

Islamic social finance was discussed in 2013 by IRTI-IDB as a new spirit in solving the economic problem by allocating funds for humanitarian social works by using zakah, infaq, sadaqah, waqf, qardh al-hasan, and Islamic micro-insurance and Islamic microfinance. Islamic social finance has many imperatives to solve socio-economic problems. Therefore, it is needed to study the current state of Islamic social finance research to date. Thus, the study attempts to explore the status of Islamic social finance literature using bibliometric analysis by identifying statistics number of publications year by year, influential aspects, visualization of co-occurrence of keywords, and data texts related to the topic of Islamic social finance by using VOSviewer software. The finding of the study indicated that few articles discussed Islamic social finance. The most discussion of Islamic social finance was in 2019, which tried to handle the issues of the Covid-19 pandemic. Consequently, the journals that contributed the most to the study of Islamic social finance were al-Shajarah and the International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management. IIUM and INCEIF have contributed the most in the literature related to Islamic social finance from the author's affiliation. Malaysia is the most contributing country in writing Islamic social finance literature. Furthermore, the most selected keywords of Islamic finance research are Islamic social finance, maqasid syariah, value-based intermediation, sustainable development goals, and waqf. For the most co-occurrence text data, six clusters discussed the role of Islamic social finance in Covid-19, culture and country case on Islamic social finance, sustainable development goals, ecosystem, and maqashid syari’ah.
An extraordinary incident in the Arctic Council
Authors:   Institute of Europe of Russian Academy Sciences, Zhuravel Valery
Published: March 2022

On March 3, 2022, in protest against the special military operation of the Russian Federation in Ukraine, seven states of the Arctic Council, including Denmark, Iceland, Canada, Norway, USA, Finland, and Sweden, issued a joint statement refusing to participate in meetings chaired by the Russian Federation and on its territory. The author assesses this extraordinary incident, predicts how Russia will plan and conduct its chairmanship during 2022, and what the Arctic Council may expect in the future.
Preclinical evaluation of targeted therapies in Sdhb-mutated tumors
Authors: Moog Sophie , Salgues Betty , Braik-Djellas Yasmine , Viel Thomas , Balvay Daniel , Autret Gwennhael , Robidel Estelle , Gimenez-Roqueplo Anne-Paule , Tavitian Bertrand , Lussey-Lepoutre Charlotte , Favier Judith
Published: March 2022

Therapies for metastatic SDHB-dependent pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL) are limited and poorly efficient. New targeted therapies and identification of early non-invasive biomarkers of response are thus urgently needed for these patients. We characterized an in vivo allograft model of spontaneously immortalized murine chromaffin cells (imCC) with inactivation of the Sdhb gene by dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) and 18FDG-PET. We evaluated the response to several therapies: IACS-010759 (mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I inhibitor), sunitinib (tyrosine kinase inhibitor with anti-angiogenic activity), talazoparib (poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor) combined or not to temozolomide (alkylating agent), pharmacological inhibitors of HIF2a (PT2385 and PT2977 (belzutifan)) and molecular inactivation of HIF2a (imCC Sdhb−/− shHIF2a). Multimodal imaging was performed, including magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) to monitor the level of succinate in vivo. The allografted model of Sdhb−/− imCC reflected SDHB-deficient tumors, with increased angiogenesis and a particular avidity for 18FDG. After 14 days of treatment, IACS-010759, sunitinib and talazoparib at high doses allowed a significant reduction of the tumor volumes. In contrast to the tumor growth inhibition observed in Sdhb−/− shHIF2a imCC tumors, pharmacological inhibitors of HIF2a (PT2385 and belzutifan) showed no antitumor action in this model, alone or in combination with sunitinib. 1H-MRS, but not DCE-MRI, enabled the monitoring response to sunitinib, which was the best treatment in this study, promoting a decrease in succinate levels detected in vivo. This study paves the way for new therapeutic options and reveals a potential new early biomarker of response to treatment in SDHB-dependent PPGL.
La participación de los peregrinos en la Fiesta de la Coronación de la Virgen de Chiquinquirá – Colombia: momentos y permanencias
Authors: Alvarado Reyes Nidian , Alfonso Bernal Nohora
Published: March 2022

Este artículo describe la participación de los peregrinos en la fiesta religiosa de la Coronación de la Virgen del Rosario de Chiquinquirá, con el fin de reconocer los momentos en los que estos se vinculan, contribuyendo así a la construcción de su permanencia en el tiempo. Se desarrolló una investigación con enfoque cualitativo, y de tipo etnográfico, que privilegió durante el trabajo de campo, de los años 2018 y 2019, la observación directa y las conversaciones con los peregrinos. El trabajo etnográfico permitió indagar por las acciones que realizan los peregrinos, en los distintos momentos que se asocian a la fiesta y el papel que desempeñan para su consolidación como una tradición. Es importante señalar que, el papel del peregrino destaca la idea de que la fiesta condensa valores tradicionales atribuidos socialmente, y que construye una fuente de unidad e integración colectiva, fundamental en el desarrollo cultural de las comunidades. Además, se entiende que la fiesta de la Coronación ˗en su carácter patronal˗ tiene como principal atributo la tradición implantada por los peregrinos de visitar el santuario de la Virgen de Chiquinquirá, imprimiendo un sentido comunitario, de construcción colectiva, significativa e identitaria a lo largo de los años.
Conciencia ciudadana y covid-19 en el municipio de Montería, Córdoba, Colombia
Authors: Restrepo Jiménez Luis Carlos , Restrepo Londoño Katheleen Johana , Zúñiga Luis Manuel
Published: March 2022

Este trabajo se propone como ejercicio académico hacer una investigación documental que le permita a la sociedad reflexionar y conocer la problemática actual afrontada por el sector salud del municipio de Montería, a raíz de la pandemia de la covid-19. Las reglas impartidas por el Estado nacional y local, con el fin de salvaguardar sus vidas ante la pandemia, han influido en las diferentes reacciones psicologicas de la sociedad; esto se ha reflejado en comportamientos irresponsables y una verdadera inconciencia ciudadana. Se busca, entonces, que la población entienda que este virus extingue vidas humanas sin considerar raza, color, credo, posición sociocultural; así mismo, que entiendan que actualmente el municipio ocupa el primer lugar en Colombia donde el virus actua con mayor letalidad. La metodología desarrollada en este trabajo es la revisión bibliografica, que proporcionó información de autoridades oficiales, medios noticiosos y fuentes serias, que permitieron información veraz.En cuanto a los resultados de este trabajo, se evidenció que los ciudadanos del municipio están actuando sin conciencia ciudadana, ya que no acatan las indicaciones y recomendaciones de aislamiento social impartidas por el alcalde municipal.
Crocuses dyes in ancient Mediterranean World
Authors: García M Julia Martínez
Published: March 2022

In this study we look at some of the different plants that produce the colours of saffron: yellow and red-orange. These autochthonous plants of the Mediterranean regions, such as saffron, safflower, reseda, celandine, etc., are described in ancient written sources as P.Holm. and P.XLeid. for dye wool in yellow imitating the gold colour, the solar star colour (symbol of power) or the fire colour. crocuses colours highly appreciated in ancient times for their symbolic and ritual connotations. Some of the prescribed preparations at written sources quoted above will be seen and analysed here. Likewise, we will verify the influence of the cultural geographic territory and the tradition of dyes use a certain plant or another in a certain culture, since early ancient times.
A Cooperative Action Research on Person-Centered ITP of the Majoring Course ITP Team in a Special School
Authors:   The Korean Society of Special Education, Yoon Jiwoon , Lim Kyoungwon
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study was to examine special education teachers’ practical knowledge on the person-centered individualized transition plan through cooperative practice with an ITP(individualized transition plan) team. The participants of this study were six students from a post-secondary program for vocational education, their guardians, and six teachers. Regarding the cooperative action research method, nine case-conferences were conducted through a cyclical and reflective process. The collected data was analyzed through the inclusive analytic procedure. The practical knowledge of special education teachers, summarized as “Why use person-centered ITP,” “How to use person-centered ITP,” and “Person-centered ITP of students, by students, and for students,”, was derived into three super-categories, nine sub-categories, and 30 semantic units. As a result of the study, it was possible to effectively implement person-centered ITP operations through the communication and cooperation of the ITP team. Person-centered ITP meetings were found to be an opportunity for students to improve their self-expression, and for guardians to increase their interest in specific explorations of their children’s adult life and conversion plans. In addition, person-centered ITP was effective in establishing and executing the individualized transition plan for post-secondary programs for vocational education. The teachers who participated in the cooperative implementation focused on the students’ strengths and made efforts to develop their potential.
A Study on Life History Through the Vivid Voice of the Hearing Impaired: Focusing on the Experience of Social Exclusion and the Realization of Social Inclusion
Authors: Hwang Yeonjae ,   The Korean Society of Special Education
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study is to examine the overall life of the hearing impaired in depth and to understand the experience of social exclusion and the realization of social inclusion. In particular, the study focused on seeking the distinct traits of social exclusion of the hearing impaired and captured the paradigm shift from social exclusion to social inclusion. In order to do so, in-depth interviews were conducted on a research participant with a hearing disability in his 30s, and the collected data were analyzed using the ATLAS.ti program according to Mandelbaum’s life history analysis procedure. As a result, three main themes were derived in the “dimension” section: “Church at the center of my heart”, “My family who enlightened me on possibility”, and “My essential deaf community”. Next, “turning points” were classified into five main themes: “Going to regular school”, “Moving to a specialized school for the hearing impaired”, “Encountering calligraphy”, “Second chapter of life at university”, and “From factory to office work”. Lastly, in “adaptation”, three main themes were brought about: “Expressing gratitude”, “Showing altruism in return for the help received”, and “Perseverance in the face of adversity”. This study was in support of active citizenship of the hearing impaired, examining various measures in terms of their social exclusion and social inclusion based on the main study results.
The Effects of Parent-Implemented Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) Training on Communication Skills for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Parenting Stress for Parents
Authors: Lee Hyunseung , Hur Eunjung , Kim Hyunsoo ,   The Korean Society of Special Education
Published: March 2022

This study examines the effects of the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) used by parents through parent training for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who have limited speech on children's independent picture exchange and spontaneous speech, and parenting stress levels. The participants were children with ASD aged three to five years old and four parents each; the study was conducted at their homes. This study used a changing criterion design, and Tau-U analyzed the effect size. As a result of the study, two of the four children (whose overall developmental age of PEP-R was over 16 months) completed the PECS phase four within 40 sessions. The effect size were very productive during the intervention. For spontaneous speech, we confirmed that children with high verbal imitation skills learned to speak easier. We also confirmed that spontaneous speech increased during the PECS phase four, but the effect size had little impact during the intervention. All four children maintained the acquired phase and were able to generalize. The parents implemented the PECS according to protocol, and we confirmed that the parenting stress was partially reduced in the parent domain for parents who used the PECS method with their children.
Special Education Teachers’ Evaluation Experience for Determining Special Education Eligibility for Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Park Hyun Ok , Lee YoonKyoung , Lee Hyo Jung , Lee Youngsun ,   The Korean Society of Special Education
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study was to examine the special education teachers’ evaluation experience and perception for determining special education eligibility for students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). For this reason, focus group interviews were conducted with 12 special teachers who are currently in charge of diagnostic evaluation at the Special Education Support Center. As a result of analyzing the focus group interview data, five main themes and 16 sub-themes were derived. The main themes were: 1) the meaning and significance of determining special education eligibility for students with ASD; 2) experience in the diagnostic evaluation process; 3) experience and effort in diagnostic evaluation; 4) remaining limitations and difficulties; and 5) needs for a reasonable eligibility determination system and diagnostic evaluation tools for students with ASD. Based on these results, we conclude that the process of determining special education eligibility for students with ASD should be conducted as part of the special education delivery system. Additionally, future directions for valid and reliable screening and diagnostic evaluation tools were discussed.
Foreign experience of implementation of the principles of program planning in the development of programs of building the armed forces and their strategic audit
Authors: Bizyakin Ivan
Published: March 2022

The development of a new State armament programme in the Russian Federation is in an active phase. Its main priorities are defined. The program has not yet been adopted, but today it is obvious to experts that in the development of a new GPV, developers have serious problems with modeling the needs of the Ministry of defense in armaments and military equipment in such a long term. No less a problem exists with the forecast of supply from the military-industrial complex (MIC), both in terms of physical volume and cost of production. In these conditions, the interest in the experience of creating systems for the acquisition of weapons, military equipment and materiel in the practice of military construction of leading foreign countries is actualized.
The author of the article paid special attention to the American model of program-target planning of the construction of the armed forces. It is noted that the key element of this system is the "long-Term program of the Ministry of defense", which is an official automated database that is adjusted at the stages of programming and budget development as appropriate decisions are made. It includes a hierarchically organized set of targeted programmes covering all the activities of the Ministry.
It is concluded that the strategic audit of the us Federal programs is based on a real understanding of national interests as a priority in relation to the freedom of market activity. As a result, the American legal system removes the state in the person of its bodies and authorized representatives from the jurisdiction of civil-economic processes, norms and procedures, assigning them special rights and powers, including establishing special duties of entrepreneurs (producers) in clearly defined conditions in the implementation of military programs.
Development of a strategic management system for the Russian military-industrial complex
Authors: Bulava Igor , Dobrynina Anna , Malakhova Lubov
Published: March 2022

The article discusses the key features of the economic development strategies of the military-industrial complex of the Russian Federation. The authors studied the main functions of the state strategic planning in modern economic conditions. The legal framework of strategic planning of economic development of the military-industrial complex of the Russian Federation is considered. Taking into account the above, the authors developed a scheme of formation of the military-industrial complex in order to coordinate the organizational and economic interaction of enterprises of the military-industrial complex to ensure the modernization strategies of enterprises. The study proposed a number of measures to modernize the management of the military-industrial complex.
Also, the authors identified a number of measures aimed at improving the management system of the military-industrial complex of the Russian Federation. The most important activities: the establishment of the coordination center for strategic development of the military-industrial complex under the Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation, the integration of systems and management structures of enterprises of the military-industrial complex in the context of organizational and information aspects in order to maintain the life cycle of products from the stages of development and design to the phase of recycling through the introduction of problem-oriented electronic support systems, based on the structural changes in the needs of products of the
military-industrial complex, comprehensive increase in economic efficiency of enterprises of the military-industrial complex, based on improving the competitiveness of products of all kinds, focused on both internal consumption and external, development and formulation of effective organizational and economic cooperation between enterprises of the military-industrial complex within a single industry information system of planning and management, and coordination of the processes of formation, concentration and redistribution of financial and material resources.
Human resources management system: main directions and trends
Authors: Kuzhilin Alexander
Published: March 2022

This article describes the principles of the HR management system, HR department and HR specialists. The current trends and trends in the field of personnel management of companies and enterprises, which will be supported and developed in the foreseeable future, are presented and analyzed in detail.
Mobilization modernization of the industry of the Russian Federation — a strategic direction of the import substitution process
Authors: Abdulkadyrov Arsen
Published: March 2022

The first decades of the 21st century are characterized by the growth of not only armed conflicts, but also local wars, as well as a whole host of so-called "color" revolutions, accompanied by an increase in the terrorist threat in the immediate vicinity of Russia's borders. The facts indicate that the geopolitical situation that has developed at the present stage of world social development is far from stable and is characterized by a global transformation of the entire system of international economic, financial and military-economic relations, directly related to the intensification of the struggle for reliable provision of own production with a resource base and possession of promising markets. marketing of finished products. The mobilization of the national industry, carried out with the outbreak of war, or in a period threatening the country, as the experience of past wars shows, is most optimal if, in peacetime, the country's leadership conducts advance mobilization preparation of all components of the resource potential of the military-industrial complex. The strategic priority in modern conditions for Russian society is the mobilization modernization of Russian industry with the strengthening of the scientific and industrial direction, which is understood as industry, the resources of which are concentrated and used to counter the threats and risks of the country's existence on an innovative basis as an integral system.
A Comparative Study on Different Techniques for Classification of Brain Waves From EEG Signals
Authors: Roy Sukanya , Bhattacharjee Soumya , Mandal Bijoy Kumar , Saha Mriganka
Published: March 2022

The latest trends and research in Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) technology have been used for emotional sensing and researchers interested in neurons to analyse brain diseases and disorders. In particular, Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) are used by machine learning approaches to
either restore neural pathways or help the patient interact effectively through an electronic prosthetic, showing promising results in impairment and rehabilitation care. Emotion Recognition and prediction of sensations supported by electroencephalography (EEG) have generated interest in a
number of ways to implement human-centered services. Emotion is an aspect of how people behave and it is a critical overall performance in BCI. Today, researchers in computational linguistic regions have an interest in emotional attention for the evaluation of feeling. The EEG is moreover
extra efficient for the evaluation of brain signal that assists in the analysis of neurological disorder medicinal drug and additionally performs a critical function altogether the neurosurgery related to the mind. This work aims to review reported papers on emotion identification, recognition,
and exceptional detection of brain sickness upon that paper, a research analysis is worked out again to outline and illustrate the Brainwave emotion referendum outcome, and the evaluation also covers a few recent works on these degrees such as acquisition of EEG signals, extraction of capacities,
emotion category, and prediction of ailment from these degrees. The various techniques of computer vision applied and combined with BCI technologies show that perhaps the treatment of brain disease with the use of BCIs is a promising and constantly evolving field.
IoT based smart system to detect mental health emergencies: A proposed model
Authors: Mullick Swatick , Singh Akash Kumar , Shaw Achyut Kumar , Viswakarma Vicky , Kishan Mimansha , Ghosh Debanjana
Published: March 2022

Health is one of the major point of concern that every individual is worried about. There are different aspects of health. Slight variations in any of the aspects can be unpleasant at any point of time. Amidst this pandemic there has been quite a many incidents of dramatic loss of lives
due to severe issues in mental h ealth. It's obvious that there might be certain level of stress during our daily lives. If the levels of this stress factor maximizes then it would bring many unfavorable health problems such as anxiety, sadness, depression and other physical health problems
too. So our main aim is to develop an efficient system which can be quite favorable to large no of patients in early detection of any mental health issues. This project gets hold of most of the constraints that lead to stress, anxiety, and several other mental health problems. We have proposed
the design of an efficient mental health monitoring system which will be able to measure stress levels based on sensing various physical parameters, such as heart rate, Spo2, body temperature and pressure. It also involves a GPS sensor to locate and rescue a patient in case of emergencies
like panic attack.
Dimensional stability of cement paste and concrete subject to early-age carbonation curing
Authors: Xian Xiangping , Logan Chad , Shao Yixin
Published: March 2022

Early-age carbonation curing of concrete is receiving more interest in terms of performance improvement and emission reduction. However, the volume change of cement-based products subject to carbonation curing may become a concern because of the potential carbonation shrinkage and its related shrinkage cracking. The purpose of this study was to investigate the dimensional stability of cement paste and concrete subject to the early-age carbonation curing. It was found that the carbonation curing introduced first an initial shrinkage due to water evaporation upon gas injection and then generated an expansion due to CO2 uptake and carbonate precipitation. As carbonation proceeded, the deformation was switched to a secondary shrinkage after expansion. The residual deformation due to carbonation curing was shrinkage in cement paste samples and expansion in concrete samples. This was because the relative expansion due to carbonate precipitation in paste was not large enough to compensate for the shrinkage caused by water loss. However, for concrete samples, the introduction of aggregates reduced the pore spaces in concrete, leading to an expansion owing to the limited precipitation. The results of carbon dioxide uptake, XRD, and SEM analysis confirmed that calcium carbonate formation played a critical role in the relative expansion. The study also showed that cement-based products were more resistant to weathering carbonation after the early-age carbonation curing. After 61-day weathering carbonation exposure, both paste and concrete samples exhibited carbonation shrinkage as a result of carbonation of hydration products. However, the magnitude of shrinkage was much smaller in carbonation curing than in weathering carbonation because of the short period of exposure. Both carbonations did not significantly affect the compressive strength of carbonated products. Carbonation curing likely makes concrete products more dimensionally stable in the long-term service.
Nutritional, Physicochemical and Structural Parameters of Mauritia flexuosa Fruits and By-Products for Biotechnological Exploration of Sustainable Goods
Authors: Pereira-Freire Joilane Alves , Aquino Jailane de Souza , Campos Ana Regina Nascimento , Viana Vicente Galber Freitas , Costa Júnior Joaquim Soares da , Silva Jurandy do Nascimento , Moura Arkellau Kenned Silva , Citó Antônia Maria das Graças Lopes , Moreira-Araújo Regilda Saraiva dos Reis , Frota Karoline de Macêdo Gonçalves , Medeiros Stella Regina Arcanjo , Ferreira Paulo Michel Pinheiro
Published: March 2022

Research background. Commercialization of Mauritia flexuosa (buriti) fruits in Brazil is at an early stage. Herein, we evaluate the nutritional value of pulp, peel and endocarp samples from buriti fruits, perform macroscopic and microscopic evaluations and analyze their physicochemical properties.
Experimental approach. Size and mass, pH, sugar and protein contents, soluble/insoluble fiber, total titratable acidity and energy value of the samples were analyzed. Mineral profiling was performed by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, and fatty acids and phytosterols were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Samples were also submitted to differential scanning calorimetry coupled to a thermal analyzer, and microstructure, morphology, surface and viscosity were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) with copper radiation. Rheological behavior was also studied.
Results and conclusions. Lyophilized pulp had higher nutritional content of minerals, proteins, carbohydrates and energy than in natura pulp. Lyophilized pulp and its by-products showed suitable yields (>17.31 %) and low aw, and potassium, manganese and monounsaturated fatty acid contents. Peels showed elevated amounts of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids and phytosterols (β-sitosterol and stigmasterol), and endothermic behavior. The reductions of calcium, magnesium and manganese ranging from 18.5 to 22.7 % were observed following the lyophilization. Drying processes generated semi-crystalline powders. Both peels and endocarp contained higher amounts of insoluble fiber and lower contents of sugars. Similar results were obtained by microscopic morphological analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and XRD analysis. Pulp and endocarp exhibited pseudoplastic non-Newtonian behavior, and flow behavior index values were lower than 1, while peels presented dilatant behavior. Thus, physicochemical and nutritional characterization of pulp and by-products, such as peels and endocarp, are essential to support scientific research and exploration of new sustainable products.
Novelty and scientific contribution. Processing and conservation techniques, like lyophilization, maintain the good quality of nutritional contents and bioactive compounds of buriti whole fruits, and can be used to extend their shelf life, preserve alimentary characteristics and provide wider purposes and availability. Such parameters may generate income and food security for local and regional communities.
Irregular Punctuation with Parenthetical Words: Dash and Colon
Authors:   University of Tyumen, Kuznetsova Natalya V. , Pochtareva Olga V. ,   University of Tyumen
Published: March 2022

The article analyzes numerous facts of irregular punctuation with parenthetical words observed in Russian written speech. Setting the theoretical framework of the study, the authors claim that, in modern theoretical sources, the concept “parenthetical words” is defined differently, which allows for different punctuation of such units. The authors compared the extreme brevity of the punctuation rules for parenthetical words in modern reference books and the actual practice of modern Russian written speech. Search results from the Russian National Corpus show that parenthetical words and phrases at the beginning of a sentence, as part of a complex sentence, or as a separate construction are often highlighted using characters stronger than commas: dashes or colons. It is suggested that the dash is used in incomplete sentences, and the colon signals about the explanatory relationship that occurs between the parenthetical word and the rest of the sentence. To test their assumption, the authors turn to experimental data. First, the results of a natural linguistic experiment, namely, the Total Dictation of 2017, were analyzed. The second part of the dictation contains a construction with a parenthetical word ambiguous from the point of view of punctuation. Second, a survey was conducted in which respondents were asked to punctuate sentences with parenthetical words and phrases and justify their decision, that is, to activate their metalanguage consciousness. Comments to the punctuation marks in the Total Dictation and statements of the respondents who took part in the survey confirm the authors' assumptions. For example, the survey participants explained the use of the dash by an omission of a word (notional or functional) or by an intention to emphasize the parenthetical word. When arguing for the colon, the respondents referred to punctuation rules in the asyndetic complex sentence with the explanatory relationship. Thus, the writers' choice was influenced by both the word's actualizing position in the sentence and metatext function. The study shows that the use of dashes and colons with parenthetical words that perform a metatext function is quite motivated and should not be considered a deviation from the punctuation standard. It is proposed to supplement the punctuation rules for parenthetical words and phrases.
Attributive Gastronomic Metaphor in Russian: Aspects of Typology
Authors:   Pushkin State Russian Language Institute, Yurina Elena A. ,   Tomsk State University, Poliakova Anastasiia A. ,   National Research Tomsk State University, Baldova Anastasiia V. ,   Tomsk Polytechnic University
Published: March 2022

The article examines the metaphorized aspects of the attributive semantics associated with the peculiarities of conceptualizing various features of food. The authors typologize attributes that are the basis of metaphorical projections of the gastronomic sphere phenomena onto a wide range of concepts from various target areas (thinking, psyche, social life phenomena, various objects of the physical world). The analysis of trends and aspects of food features metaphorization in Russian is presented on the material of figurative lexical and phraseological units. Food attributes are classified based on various methods of sensory signal cognitive processing with respect to the perception modality (intramodal, polymodal, crossmodal), rational or sensory perception dominant (rational - empirical), direct or indirect way of nomination (intensional - extensional), and the presence of evaluative attitude to a certain quality of food (axiological). As a result, a set of food product attributes relevant for the metaphorization process is identified and the figurative means of the Russian language are classified with a detailed description of aspects and trends of the figurative interpretation of these attributes within each class. The article presents a coherent fragment of the metaphorical worldview expressed by Russian attributive food metaphors. The following cognitive bases for metaphorical affinity are determined: 1) the ability to distinguish various tastes; 2) strong/weak taste receptors excitation; 3) pleasure/displeasure from taste sensations; 4) the degree of original positive food qualities preservation; 5) associations with food appearance as an attribute reference pattern; 6) food nutritional value; 7) contiguity of taste and olfactory perception modalities. The fixed sensory images based on perceptive food properties are used for metaphorical characteristics of human appearance and character, psycho-emotional state, life situations and social activities, economic phenomena, speech and artistic works. Examples of attributive food metaphor's textual representation in artistic, popular science, journalistic and advertising discourses demonstrate its significant pragmatic potential.
Cheese Whey, a By-Product from the Dairy Industry: Composition, protein recovery and applications
Authors: Agualongo Laura , Aucatoma Daniel , Sagnay Darly , Santillan Nancy , Jácome Carlos
Published: March 2022

Whey is the liquid by-product obtained after the precipitation of casein in the manufacture of cheese. The composition and type of whey vary considerably depending on the type of milk, the type of cheese made, and the treatment used. The main nutrient is lactose (4.5% w/v), then protein (0.8% w/v) and fat (0.5%). For the food industry, whey is a low-cost protein by-product that offers several properties in a wide variety of foods. Whey improves texture, flavor, and color, emulsifies, and stabilizes, improves flowability, and exhibits many other food properties. Based on the nutritional value of whey, many commercial applications have been found, such as the production of ethanol, organic acids, carbonated beverages, fermented beverages, biomass, protein concentrates, isolation and hydrolysis, edible films, infusions, xanthan production, enzymes, and lactose separation. Future research is envisioned around the application of cheese whey in the creation of animal feed, as well as the creation of mass consumption foods that replace junk food.
Biodigestion: self-sustaining process to obtain renewable energy
Authors: Vega Daniel , Freire Marjorie , Torres Tahina , Llumiquinga Kerly , Jácome Carlos
Published: March 2022

Anaerobic biodigestion is a process that is carried out in oxygen-free conditions since the microorganisms present in these bioprocesses do not require oxygen to develop, they feed on organic matter and can generate various gaseous components. Throughout the process it is necessary to control various temperatures because each phase of the process has different types of bacteria, each type of bacteria has its optimal processing parameters. The temperature range for psychrophilic bacteria is 50 to 65 °C, while for mesophilic and thermophilic bacteria it is 20 to 40 °C. Methanogenic microorganisms are affected by process conditions, temperature, redox inhibitors, and pH. The characteristic of biogas as renewable energy is undoubtedly a subject that requires constant research so that it can be used both at an industrial and domestic level.
Influence of Subjective Gambling Norms and Big-Win/Big-Loss Experiences on Severity of Gambling Behavior
Authors: Park Jungwoo , Hyun Myoung-Ho
Published: March 2022

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of subjective gambling norms and big-win/big-loss experiences on the severity of gambling behavior.Methods: A total of 330 participants responded to a questionnaire assessing subjective gambling norms, severity of gambling behavior, and big-win and big-loss experiences.Results: Subjective gambling norms and big-loss experiences had a significant positive impact on gambling severity. However, the interaction effects of subjective gambling norms and big-loss experiences on gambling severity were not significant.Conclusions: The results of this study can facilitate an improved understanding of the path of gambling addiction. Further, the findings clarify the implications of interventions pertaining to subjective gambling norms and big-loss experiences.
Factors Affecting Smartphone Overdependence among Older Adults
Authors: Park Ji-Eun , Lee Nayoon
Published: March 2022

Background: This study aimed to identify the factors affecting smartphone overdependence among older adults.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with 179 older adults using smartphones in B metropolitan city. A multiple regression analysis was performed to identify the effect of physical activity, social support, and depression on smartphone overdependence.Results: Factors that affect smartphone overdependence among the participants were as follows: (a) purpose of using smartphone (β=.23, p=.001), (b) age (β=.23, p=.002), (c) smartphone use time (β=.20, p=.004), (d) educational level (β=−.15, p=.027), and (e) social support (β=−.14, p=.048). The model explained for 19.0% (F=9.30, p＜.001).Conclusions: The findings of this study can be used as evidence to develop intervention programs and policy measures to prevent and manage smartphone overdependence, which has negative effects on the physical and mental health of older adults.
The Ethics of Gatekeeping: How Guarding Access Influences Digital Child and Youth Research
Authors: Fecke Malin , Fehr Ada , Schlütz Daniela , Zillich Arne Freya
Published: March 2022

Digital child and youth research is often conducted in schools involving minors. Corresponding research designs raise two related sets of problems: Ethical issues with regard to working with vulnerable groups like children and adolescents and access to these groups. The latter pertains to the concept of gatekeeping which is an ethical issue in and of itself if certain groups or areas of research are systematically excluded from empirical research and, consequently, from the resulting benefits. Thus, our study examines how perceived ethical challenges influence gatekeepers’ decisions to grant or deny access to investigate a potentially problematic topic: pupils’ group communication. We addressed this research question empirically via semi-structured in-depth interviews with eight educational gatekeepers in Germany inquiring their attitudes on research in schools in general and on the specific topic of pupils’ group communication via instant messaging as an exemplar of digital child and youth research. Approaching the question from two perspectives (procedural ethics and ethics in practice), we identified hierarchical power structures within multiple levels of gatekeeping and revealed rationales to deny access based on ethical considerations with regard to the given scenario of pupils’ group communication.
Cooperation Regimes and Hegemonic Struggle: Opportunities and Challenges for Developing Countries
Authors: Caria Sara
Published: March 2022

There is an increasing convergence in the international relations literature around the idea that changes in the world economy during the last decades are reshaping the international order; although the outcome of such a reconfiguration is yet unclear, many scholars argue that a dispute over global hegemony is already underway. At the same time, drawing on realist and neorealist approaches, international cooperation can be seen as a means to gain legitimacy and tighten alliances. In this framework, this article analyses three cooperation regimes as terrains of dispute to expand—or maintain—international leadership. The first, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Agenda, reflects mainly the attempt to maintain the legitimacy of the United Nations system and the multilateral institutions that make up the traditional cooperation regime. This framework still responds to Western interests, despite China’s efforts to contest and contain US influence. The second, South–South cooperation, wrapped up in the rhetoric of horizontality and common challenges, is the privileged terrain of middle powers and emerging countries, aiming at increasing regional influence. Finally, the third scheme, International Cooperation for Structural Transformation, is China’s new development doctrine and the fulcrum of its struggle to promote itself as a successful new model for global development. In my conclusions I reflect on the opportunities that the co-existence of different regimes offers for developing countries, as well as the challenges that they continue to face in their search for autonomous development paths.