bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gravimetric deflections of the vertical by digital computer
Authors: Nagy D
Published: March 2017

A digital computer program has been developed to calculate plumb-line deflections from gravity data. A region of 1,200 X 1,200 km for which free air anomalies were available was subdivided into units of 50 X 50 km. With n denoting the number of points per unit,
each unit was represented by one gravity anomaly calculated as an average in cases where 0<=6 and where n > 50. For 6<=n<=50 the integral mean, obtained from a fitted surface of second order in two variables, was used. W eighting functions were derived for
and calculations were done in the rectangular plane coordinate system. For units with sufficient points for surface fitting, the contributions to the deflection components at the centre of the unit from within the unit itself were computed first, and then the effect of the outer region was added.
The contributions from the outer region were obtained as the sum of the products of gravity anomalies and weighting coefficients over all units. The computations were repeated with three different origins in order to analyse the effect of the change in the number of points and the point distribution
within the 50 X 50 km units. This analysis shows thatnon-uniformpoint distribution may seriously distort the fitted surface, giving erroneous values for the horizontal gradients and hence for the contribution to the deflection components at the centre from within the unit element. The program solves
for the gravimetric deflections relative to the origin. To make the two sets of deflections comparable it was necessary to transform the astro-geodetic deflections from Clarke's spheroid to the International Ellipsoid and add a constant term to ail gravimetric deflections. This constant term,
representing the effect from beyond the region of integration, is the difference between the astro-geodetic and gravimetric deflections at the origin. A visual comparison of the plotted deflections shows generally good agreement both in direction and in magnitude, indicating that the choice of
weighting function, grid distance, and order of fitted surface was suitable. The accuracy of the astro-geodetic and gravimetric deflections is estimated at ± 1 and ± 2 seconds of arc respectively.
Problems in the development of a mirror transit telescope at Ottawa
Authors: Tanner R W
Published: March 2017

In order to assist other observatories working on improvements in meridian circle techniques, some of the difficulties encountered at the Dominion Observatory in its Mirror Transit Circle program are described. Sorne satisfactory aspects of the design, applicable
perhaps to other instruments, are noted. An outline is given of the circumstances leading to abandonment of the project.
Gravity determinations in 1936
Authors: Miller A H
Published: March 2017

The object of the 1936 observations was to determine whether or not the Timiskaming earthquake of November 1, 1935, had been accompanied by a measurable change in gravity. For this purpose there were selected for redetermino.tion the three existing gravity
stations nearest to the epicentre and a group of three otber stations at some considerable distance. A new station close to the epicentre was also occupied. The distances of the stations in the first group varied from 35 to 95 miles and those of the second from 215 to 280 miles. Although the results
are not as conclusive as could be desired they nevertheless give no grounds for supposing a change in gravity to have occurred.
Declination results at Canadian stations north of latitude 60° N, 1938-47
Authors: Huang L , Lantz T C , Fraser R H , Tiampo K F , Willis M J , Schaefer K
Published: March 2017

Declination observations wcre made at three hundred and fifty points in Northern Canada during the years 1938 to 1947, inclusive. The points lie within the area bounded by north latitudes 60° and 80° and west longitudes 62° · 7 and 138°
· 5. Mean values of declination and relevant data pertaining to each station are presented in tabular form. Wb.ile values in certain areas where daily variation and disturbance phenomena are not yet fully understood are subject to further corrections, they are of immediate importance in the
construction of magnetic maps and in advancing our knowledge of the general distribution of magnetic meridians in Northern Canada. Reference is made in the text to the various agencies assisting the Dominion Observatory in gathering declination data and to the types of instruments employed. Mention
is made of an electrical induction magnetometer, designed and constructed by the Dominion Observatory, which was used first during the 1947 field season.
The north magnetic dip pole
Authors: King M , van, Zyll, de Zyll, de, Jong, M , Piercey D , Nunn A D , Cowx I G
Published: March 2017

A survey of the north magnetic dip-pole area was carried out in August 1962. Six field stations were occupied within a 100-mile radius of the predicted position of the dip pole. A pole position of 75.1°N and 100.8°W has been computed based on these
observations for 1962.5. The 1948 position of the dip pole was recomputed to 73 .9°N and 100.9°W. The predominant secular motion of the dip pole has been northward and over the past 58 years it has averaged 5 n.m. per year in this direction. Over the same period it had a westward motion of
2 n.m. per year until the last 15 years when this motion has shifted to the east.
Results of regional underwater gravity surveys in the Gulf of St. Lawrence
Authors: Anwer A A W , Lo J , Bolduc M , Naguib H E
Published: March 2017

The Dominion Observatory regional underwater gravity survey of the Gulf of St. Lawrence was continued in 1966 and 1967. Sorne 1,200 gravity stations have now been established in the Gulf during the period 1962-1967. Equipment and survey techniques used in the
survey are described and the method of reduction of the underwater gravity results is reviewed. The Bouguer anomaly field over the norther portion of the Gulf of St. Lawrence is similar to that of the adjacent Precambrian Shield. A distinct change in anomaly level from negative in the north to more
positive in the south occurs in the Gulf and is believed to mark the boundary between the Grenville and Appalachian geological provinces. Basic intrusive rocks characteristic of the boundary between these provinces are outlined by a belt of positive anomalies from Gaspé Peninsula to
Port-au-Port Peninsula, Newfoundland. A gravity minimum of -60 mgal near Magdalen Islands has been attributed to abnormally light Carboniferous sediments or Devonian granitic rocks or alternatively their combined effect. The gravity anomalies between southwestern Newfoundland and Cape Breton Island
suggest a structural continuity between these areas.
The Bouguer anomaly field of the Notre Dame Bay area, Newfoundland
Authors: Miller H G , Deutsch E R
Published: March 2017

Gravity observations at 705 locations in the Notre Dame Bay area of Newfoundland delineate an arcuate belt in which closely spaced gravity anomaly contours tend to follow the coastline. This belt marks the surface contact between mafic volcanics and ophiolite
sequences within the Notre Dame tectono-stratigraphic zone and (1) sedimentary and volcanic rocks in the Exploits zone to the south and east and (2) predominantly metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks in the Fleur de Lys zone to the west. Positive Bouguer anomalies over the Fleur de Lys zone to
the east of the Baie Verte lineament indicate a westerly subsurface extension of the oceanic rocks found in the Notre Dame zone. Sedimentary rocks in the Exploits zone have no perceptible effect on the gravity anomaly field.
A profile of perceived stress factors among nursing staff working with intellectually disabled in-patients at the Free State Psychiatric Complex, South Africa
Authors: Conradie Maria , Erwee Danelle , Serfontein Isabel , Visser Maré , Calitz Frikkie J.W. , Joubert Gina
Published: March 2017

Introduction: Nursing staff working with intellectually disabled in-patients experience unique stress factors that can influence their personal well-being and work performance. Objectives: To compile a profile of stress factors experienced by nursing staff working with intellectually disabled in-patients at the Free State Psychiatric Complex (FSPC). Methods: This descriptive study included 89 nursing staff members from this environment. A questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic information and determine personal and occupational stressors. The data were summarised by frequencies and percentages (categorical variables) and means or percentiles (numerical variables). Results: Most participants were aged between 46 and 55 (41.2%), female (93.2%) and black (93.2%), and 76.7% had children or dependant minors. The main stressors among participants were pressure providing financially for their children and dependant minors (71.2%), caring for them (39.4%) and fearing them moving away (25.8%). Occupational stressors included high workload (66.3%), lack of decision-making by superiors (58.1%), underpayment (53.5%), endangerment of physical health (52.3%) and safety (50.0%), working hours (51.2%), pressure of expectations from superiors (48.8%), uncertainty of employment (48.8%), work responsibilities (47.7%) and perceiving that skills and training were not appreciated. They experienced stress regarding health issues such as hyper- and hypotension (35.3%). Because of stress 34.5% of participants took leave, 34.5% developed depression and 14.3% had panic attacks. Conclusion: Most of the respondents experienced personal and occupational stress that influenced their health, which poses serious challenges for the management of the FSPC. Security should be upgraded, medical and psychological support for the staff and care facilities for their dependants should be provided, and financial problems experienced by these staff members should be addressed. The workload of the nursing staff at FSPC needs urgent attention. This can be done by means of a workforce analysis to determine minimum staffing levels for nursing.
Slotted and Recessed Head Screws
Authors:   Fasteners Committee
Published: March 2017

Included herein are complete general and dimensional data for the types of slotted and recessed head machine, tapping, and wood screws, and slotted capscrews recognized as SAE Standard. Also included are performance data for tapping screws and appendixes which provide instructions for protrusion gaging flat heads, penetration gaging of recessed heads, across corners gaging of hexagon heads, recommended hole sizes for tapping screws, and a cross reference of tapping screw type designations. The inclusion of dimensional data in this standard is not intended to imply that all of the products described are stock production sizes. Consumer interests are requested to consult with manufacturers concerning lists of stock production sizes.
MOTOR VEHICLE SEATING SYSTEMS
Authors:   Motor Vehicle Council
Published: March 2017

This SAE Recommended Practice establishes uniform test procedures and certain minimum performance requirements for motor vehicle seats and seat adjusters. It is limited to tests that can be conducted on uniform test fixtures and equipment available in commercial laboratory test facilities. This practice includes a minimum requirement for horizontal forward loads encountered in vehicle forward impacts, and horizontal loads obtained by impacting the vehicle from the rear. The requirements and test procedures in this recommended practice reflect current technology and industry experience. It is intended to subject this recommended practice to a continuing review and revision as technology advances and experience is expanded.
ABRASIVE WEAR
Authors:   Metals Technical Committee
Published: March 2017

An enormous economic loss, as well as a waste of natural resources, is incurred world-wide as a result of wear of components and tools. Any effort expended in an attempt to reduce this loss is indeed worthwhile. The purpose of this SAE Information Report is to present the current state of knowledge of abrasive wear. This report, therefore, covers wear, or the undesired removal of metal by mechanical action, caused by abrasive particles in contact with the surface. It does not concern metal-to-metal wear or wear in the presence of an abrasive free lubricant.

Abrasive wear occurs when hard particles, such as rocks, sand, or fragments of certain hard metals, slide or roll under pressure across a surface. This action tends to cut grooves across the metal surface, much like a cutting tool.

Abrasive wear is of considerable importance in any part moving in relation to an abrasive. Tools in contact with the ground, such as plows, cultivators, scraper and bulldozer blades, are intended to operate in abrasives. Machines for processing ores such as crushers and for grinding of natural minerals such as ball mills are also subjected to abrasive wear. Contact with abrasives by many other machinery components may not be a normal circumstance, but, since it may inadvertently occur, must be considered.

Increased hardness usually increases wear resistance but also increases brittleness, which can cause fracture of the tool in rocky soils. Thus, the selection of a suitable material for use in a variety of abrasive conditions is necessarily a compromise between wear and brittle fracture resistance.

This report presents present day information on the fundamentals, testing methods and specific solutions for abrasive wear problems. The limited information reflects the current lack of knowledge on this subject. However, it is a starting point. Further work is necessary to develop general design information.
Testing the convergence hypothesis for OECD countries: a reappraisal
Authors: Rivas Maria Dolores Gadea , Villarroya Isabel Sanz
Published: March 2017

This paper reviews the results of a number of empirical studies of convergence among the OECD countries and discusses some limitations of these studies. Moreover, the paper tries to deal with these limitations by presenting a new and more appropriate methodology: quantile regressions. The results obtained with this specification support the view that, even among the OECD countries, there are different clusters. The parameter representing the convergence hypothesis, despite being negative in every case, is higher in value and more significant as we advance to higher quantiles. These outcomes reveal a faster convergence between the countries that belong to the upper quantiles. Moreover, 1960–1970 is highlighted as the period in which convergence was more intense.
Limonene and BEZ 235 inhibits growth of COLO-320 and HCT-116 colon cancer cells
Authors: Yakkanti Raja Ratna Reddy , Sekhar P Chandra , Reddy K Bharath Nandhan , Ramamoorthy S , Suresh S Ranga , Lakshmi T Yasodha , Rajesh Mani , Reddy C Damodar
Published: March 2017

D-Limonene is a dietary monoterpene with significant anticancer activity against many cancer types in preclinical and clinical studies. The study is designed to investigate synergistic anticancer effects of limonene and BEZ235 combination in COLO-320 and HCT-116 colon cancer cells. Cells were treated with both the drugs alone and in combination and the effects on cell viability; cell migration and clonogenic potential were examined. Results show that both drugs exhibited dose and time dependant cytotoxicity on the cell lines tested. CompuSyn analysis of the drug combination effects revealed the strong synergistic interaction of the combination. Our results also indicate that COLO-320 cells were more sensitive for anticancer effects of the drugs than HCT-116 cells. The presence of Ras and PI3K mutations in HCT-116 cells could possibly be one of the main reasons for the observed outcome as compared to the wild type expressions of them in COLO-320 cells.
Effect of Sunlight, Moisture, Temperature and Ultraviolet Radiation on the Quality Control Parameters of Ciprofloxacin Tablet Formulation
Authors: Ezealisiji Kenneth , Pepple Angenlina , Stanley Catherine
Published: March 2017

This work assesses the stability and quality of Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride tablets after subjection to accelerated stability conditions of sunlight, temperature of 40±10C, 75% relative humidity, and UV light of 365 nm for 4 hours each day. This study was performed at time zero and at 4-day intervals for a period of 45 days (that is, days 0, 4, 8, 12…40, 44) according to the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) accelerated aging conditions and the results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. The results showed that with increasing time there was a gradual reduction in the dissolution rate with the tablets exposed to all four storage conditions failing the test on day 44 where they had less than 80 % release of the label claim. For content of Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride, only those tablets exposed to UV light passed the test for all 44 days as they had a minimum of 96.83 % content on the 44th day. At day 0, all the tablets assayed passed this test, having a ciprofloxacin content of 99.43 %. For those tablets subjected to the other storage conditions including temperature of 40±10C, 75 % relative humidity and sunlight, they had ciprofloxacin content of 70.22 %, 71.50 %, and 78.36 % respectively. The results further, indicated that the storage conditions used in the study had a greater impact on the dissolution behavior and content of the Ciprofloxacin tablets than they did on the physical stability (hardness, uniformity of weight, disintegration).
THE INFLUENCE OF THE BRAZILIAN CERRADO DEFORESTATION IN GRAIN CULTURE AND ITS CONSEQUENCES TO LOSSES THE SOIL IN THE CACHOEIRA DOURADA RESERVOIR REGION – CENTRAL - WESTERN BRAZIL
Authors: Pereira Cabral João Batista , Becegato Valter Antonio , Santos Francismário Ferreira dos
Published: March 2017

The erosivity index (EI30) and its spatialization were determined for the contribution basins of the Cachoeira Dourada hydroelectric system reservoir, located between the states of Goiás and Minas Gerais and limited by coordinates 640000-760000 m W and 7910000-7975000 m N. Average monthly and annual rainfall data corresponding to eight localities and to a 30-year period were treated. It was observed that in this period the average annual rainfall was 1441 mm, the highest and lowest indexes having occurred respectively in January and July (7.5 mm). EI30 varied from 7100 to 8500 MJ mm (ha h)-1. The most representative period was October to March, corresponding to 7880.3 MJ mm (ha h)-1and 94% of the average annual EI30. The average rainfall variation coefficient for all stations was 82.73%. There is an irregular rainfall distribution in the region and consequently a non-uniform spatialization of the erosivity indexes within the influence area of the reservoir. The highest rainfall values coincide with the period of soil preparation and development of annual-cycle plants, mainly soybean and corn.
A REPRESENTAÇÃO SÓCIO-ECONÔMICA DA CANA DE AÇÚCAR PARA A REGIÃO DA ZONA DA MATA DE PERNAMBUCO
Authors: Silva Girlan Cândido da
Published: March 2017

O artigo propõe-se a mostrar como a monocultura da cana influenciou tanto culturalmente como física e estruturalmente a região da Zona da Mata Pernambucana. A cana-de-açúcar sempre foi um destaque econômico para o Brasil, principalmente nas épocas “gloriosas” do açúcar no tocante a sua importância econômica para o mundo e principalmente para os produtores desta especiaria, encontrando na região da Zona da Mata Nordestina e especialmente na Zona da Mata Pernambucana, área mais indicada devido as condições de solo e clima propiciando, com isso, a melhor variedade de cana do país. A metodologia aplicada consiste na revisão bibliográfica de autores que estudaram a região bem como a construção de mapas temáticos que demonstram a atual situação das usinas de cana-de-açúcar na Zona da Mata Pernambucana. Os resultados nos mostram que, por causa das condições favoráveis ao seu plantio, a cana foi uma verdadeira devastadora das demais culturas que eram cultivadas na época, provocando também uma verdadeira devastação ambiental. Entretanto, a partir da Segunda Guerra Mundial, houve uma maior abertura por parte do Governo que propiciou um maior crescimento de sua produção na região Centro-Sul, principalmente no estado de São Paulo, além da descoberta dos Tabuleiros Alagoanos como área produtora, o que proporcionou o declínio da produção no estado de Pernambuco e reduziu de forma considerável a quantidade de usinas e a queda desta cultura na região.
DIAGNÓSTICO PRELIMINAR DE IMPACTOS AMBIENTAIS NO TRECHO URBANO DO CÓRREGO SÃO JOÃO EM PORTO NACIONAL, ESTADO DO TOCANTINS?
Authors: Araújo Ercília de Sena , Barbosa Marília de Paula
Published: March 2017

A sub-bacia do córrego São João drena o município de Porto Nacional na região central do Estado do Tocantins, sendo um dos tributários do Rio Tocantins. Devido à intensa pressão antrópica sofrida pelo seu trecho urbano, este trabalho visa avaliar o grau de impacto antrópico a fim de subsidiar futuras políticas públicas de conservação. Para atingir tais objetivos, foi realizado um diagnóstico visual por meio da aplicação do protocolo de avaliação rápida in situ. Embora haja inquestionáveis modificações ambientais (resíduos sólidos, remoção da mata ciliar, erosão, assoreamento, espécies exóticas, aporte de esgoto), o trecho urbano do córrego São João ainda apresenta relevância ecológica e social.
SISTEMA DE INFORMAÇÕES GEOGRÁFICAS APLICADO A REPRESENTAÇÕES TRIDIMENSIONAIS DE MODELO NUMÉRICO DE TERRENO
Authors: Polidoro Maurício , Garcia Takeda Mariane Mayumi , Fernandes Barros Mirian Vizintim , Lollo José Augusto de
Published: March 2017

O presente artigo propõe utilizar as tecnologias geográficas disponíveis para a criação de um ambiente tridimensional na região do município de Ibiporã-PR delineando suas aplicações nos estudos da Cartografia Temática, Geomorfologia, Planejamento Urbano e Regional e nas Engenharias. Com o resultado, foi possível tecer algumas observações quanto as restrições de cartas disponíveis na internet e suas aplicações, delineando possíveis cenários para usar tais estudos em diagnósticos urbano e ambientais.
SEGREGAÇÃO ESPONTÂNEA NA CIDADE DE MONTES CLAROS/MG:UMA ANÁLISE AUXILIADA PELO SENSORIAMENTO REMOTO
Authors: Leite Marcos Esdras , Batista Ramony Pereira , Santos Clemente Carlos Magno
Published: March 2017

Como o espaço urbano, no contexto do capitalismo, se tornou uma mercadoria valorizada e desigual na sua distribuição, a aquisição desigual da cidade e a regionalização da localização das classes sociais no espaço urbano fizeram com que a segregação se manifestasse de forma diferente. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho analisou as formas de segregação na cidade de Montes Claros/MG, que é classificada como cidade média.
GESTÃO SUSTENTÁVEL DA PECUÁRIA NA BACIA DO RIO SAN PEDRO, EM CAMAGÜEY, CUBA
Authors: Acosta Gutiérrez Zoe Griselda , Viera Guillermo Guevara
Published: March 2017

Para lograr un ordenamiento sostenible de la ganadería bovina en la cuenca hidrográfica del río San Pedro en Camagüey, Cuba, se aplicó la secuencia: diagnóstico ambiental-caracterización-agrupamiento multifactorial-propuesta de alternativas y evaluación de sus impactos. La caracterización de la actividad (40 entidades) que, incluyó el análisis de 53 variables relacionadas con la disponibilidad de recursos y el comportamiento de indicadores productivos y reproductivos, puso de manifiesto una elevada heterogeneidad entre entidades y un indicador general de impacto ambiental muy alto (- 1 094), ocasionado por la ganadería bovina a la cuenca bajo estudio. En el análisis multifactorial empleado para los agrupamientos, se encontró que las entidades de la parte alta, formaron tres grupos bien definidos, mientras que en la parte baja, se crearon cuatro grupos de entidades. La descripción de las agrupaciones se utilizó para la propuesta de las alternativas que se deben poner en práctica, con vistas a mitigar los impactos identificados, lo que se desarrolló con técnicas participativas. Se concluye que el conjunto de alternativas evaluado para cada agrupación, reduciría el impacto ambiental ocasionado por la ganadería a la cuenca y que el ordenamiento que se aplica, puede encaminar la actividad económica hacia la sostenibilidad.
O DESENVOLVIMENTO DE PERCEPÇÕES NAS AULAS DE GEOGRAFIA SOBRE OS ELEMENTOS ENVOLVIDOS NOS PROBLEMAS AMBIENTAIS DECORRENTES DE EVENTOS CLIMÁTICOS REGIONAIS EXTREMOS
Authors: Rosa Da Kellem da , Holgado Flávio Lopes
Published: March 2017

Este estudo propõe atividades pedagógicas nas aulas de geografia com alunos de 8ª série do ensino fundamental para desenvolver a percepção sobre os eventos climáticos extremos e os desastres ambientais associados. Resultados demonstraram a necessidade de trabalhar com o tema em sala de aula para desenvolver percepções da participação humana nesses eventos e quais são as atitudes cotidianas que podem contribuir para diminuir os problemas ambientais decorrentes. O presente trabalho possibilitou a proposição de práticas pedagógicas sobre tema e a discussão sobre dificuldades inerentes ao seu desenvolvimento. Diante da complexidade do tema, a escola mostrou-se ser o local de ensino para as mudanças de percepções necessárias em relação às ações do cotidiano.
CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR E DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL
Authors: De Souza Barros José Deomar , Pereira da Silva Maria De Fátima
Published: March 2017

O Brasil apresenta uma expressiva produção no setor da cana-de-açúcar, em muitos casos essa atividade ainda utiliza meios de colheita ainda arcaicos a exemplo da queima da palhada, que provoca a poluição atmosférica, a degradação do solo através da destruição da matéria orgânica do solo, entre outras conseqüências. Diante da atual preocupação mundial com as questões ambientais, vem sendo aplicado gradualmente métodos de manejos menos agressivos ao ambiente, como a conservação da palhada sobre o solo e a aplicação de resíduos da industria sucroalcooleira. Alternativas indispensáveis para a conservação dos recursos naturais no caminho da sustentabilidade do desenvolvimento econômico e social.
EMPREENDEDORISMO E MERCADIFICAÇÃO NO ESPAÇO URBANO: UMA REFLEXÃO SOBRE O EIA/RIMA E AS IMPLICAÇÕES SOCIOAMBIENTAIS DO PROJETO DE CONSTRUÇÃO DA VIA MANGUE EM RECIFE
Authors: Silva Cleiton Ferreira
Published: March 2017

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar como o espaço urbano é redefinido, a partir da perspectiva de transformação das grandes cidades em espaços indutores do “desenvolvimento”, da competitividade, da mercadificação e do espetáculo. Para isso, nos propusemos a tecer alguns comentários a partir da introdução de novos empreendimentos no espaço urbano, especialmente os que se destinam a atender as exigências da Copa de 2014, como em Recife, subsede do evento esportivo. Para isso, analisamos criticamente uma grande obra de mobilidade urbana, denominada Via-Mangue, bem como o documento que viabilizou a aprovação e sua respectiva implementação, o EIA/RIMA, descrevendo como este empreendimento vem atrelado de uma série de riscos socioambientais, diante da necessidade de implantação de um plano de mobilidade e em agilizar a aprovação dos projetos na cidade, resultando, em danos irreparáveis no futuro.
ESTRATÉGIA DE FORRAGEAMENTO DE POLINIZADORES EM Galactia peduncularis (Benth.) Taub. (LEGUMINOSAE: PAPILIONOIDEA) NO PARQUE ESTADUAL DA SERRA DE CALDAS NOVAS (GO)
Authors: Carneiro Vandervilson Alves , Gonçalves Bruno Bastos , Silva Neto Carlos De Melo
Published: March 2017

A forma como os animais buscam alimentos constitui uma importante característica de seu comportamento. A teoria do forrageamento ótimo é baseada na existência de um balanço entre os custos e benefícios dessas decisões comportamentais. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o comportamento do polinizador em resposta ao aumento da disponibilidade de recurso floral. O experimento foi conduzido em uma área de Cerrado recentemente queimado (campo rupestre) no Parque Estadual da Serra de Caldas Novas, localizado nos municípios de Caldas Novas e Rio Quente. A espécie escolhida para testar a hipótese foi a Galactia peduncularis (Benth.)Taub. (Leguminosae: Papilionoidea). Foram selecionados 17 pares de espécimes com número de flores similar, sendo os indivíduos de cada par distanciados por aproximadamente 2m. Nesses pares, uma planta foi considerada focal e a outra, isolada. Para testar possíveis diferenças de polinização entre plantas isoladas e focais, foram realizados dois testes de aleatorização: um teste binário (TB), onde todos os pares foram analisados e verificados o número de vezes onde as visitas florais no individuo focal foram superiores ao número de visitas na isolada.  Outro teste ponderando os valores pelo número de visitações também foi efetuado. De acordo com os dados analisados, os visitantes florais preferiram utilizar plantas que puderam oferecer uma maior quantidade de recursos florais, de forma que o número de visitantes variou positivamente com o incremento de flores. Plantas com muitas flores podem fornecer uma maior quantidade de alimento em um mesmo local, de modo que o visitante floral não precise se locomover por grandes distâncias em busca de atender suas necessidades energéticas.
FAUNA DO SOLO EM ÁREA DEGRADADA REVEGETADA COM ENTEROLOBIUM CONTORTISILIQUUM NO SUL DO PIAUÍ
Authors: Fernandes Milton Marques , De Moura Fernandes Márcia Rodrigues , Lima Rissele Paraguai , De Lima Cruz Nara Nubia
Published: March 2017

Este trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito de plantio de Enterolobium contortisiliquum em uma área degradada pela retirada de piçarra comparada a uma floresta secundária sazonalmente na fauna do solo. A fauna do solo foi coletada através de armadilhas do tipo pitt fall durante 7 dias e distribuídas aleatoriamente. A revegetação com Enterolobium contortisiliquum não foi capaz de manter condições de umidade e alimento no período seco comparado a floresta secundária reduzindo os índices diversidade, uniformidade, riqueza e atividade da fauna do solo. Formicidae foi o grupo taxonômico mais numeroso nas áreas estudadas e o grupo funcional Predadores (Aranae) apresentou um grande percentual na área revegetada com Enterolobium contortisiliquum em comparação a floresta secundária que indica que a revegetação de uma área degradada com uma leguminosa fixadora de nitrogênio estabeleceu uma cadeia trófica da fauna do solo.
ESTUDO COMPARATIVO DAS DIFERENTES TECNOLOGIAS UTILIZADAS PARA PRODUÇÃO DE ETANOL?
Authors: Oliveira Lucas Mendes , Valdés Serra Juan Carlos , Magalhães Karine Beraldo
Published: March 2017

A utilização do etanol como combustível é apontada hoje como uma das principais alternativas energéticas para o futuro, em substituição aos combustíveis fósseis, que, em sua reação de combustão liberam grandes quantidades de dióxido de carbono (CO2), considerado o principal responsável pelo aquecimento global. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho consiste em estudar as diferentes tecnologias e matérias-primas utilizadas na obtenção de etanol. Para isso, foram identificados os processos envolvidos na produção de etanol, para as diferentes matérias-primas; enumerados os equipamentos e as fontes de energia utilizadas em sua produção e feita uma comparação entre as diferentes matérias-primas e os diferentes processos aplicados. Verificou-se que as matérias-primas podem ser divididas em três grupos: sacaríneas, que são aquelas cujo etanol é obtido a partir da sacarose, como, por exemplo, cana-de-açúcar e beterraba açucareira; amiláceas, as quais o açúcar que dá origem ao etanol é o amido, como, por exemplo, batata, mandioca e milho; e celulósicas, as quais contém celulose, que pode ser convertido em etanol, como madeira e resíduos agroindustriais. A partir da análise das mesmas, foi possível perceber que a cana-de-açúcar possui as maiores vantagens, pois apresenta maior produtividade de etanol por área além de um menor custo de produção.
UMA CARACTERIZAÇÃO GEOAMBIENTAL DA ÁREA DE CONFLUÊNCIA ENTRE OS RIOS BOIADEIRO E PARNAÍBA E CIRCUNVIZINHANÇAS NA PARTE CENTRAL DO MUNICÍPIO DE DOM AQUINO – MT
Authors: Nascimento Lucelma Aparecida , Rocha Leonardo Cristian , Vilhagra Josdyr , Rosa Deocleciano Bittencourt
Published: March 2017

Este artigo está referido a uma caracterização geoambiental da área de confluência entre os rios Boiadeiro e Parnaíba e circunvizinhanças, localizadas na parte central do município de Dom Aquino, no Planalto dos Alcantilados, sudeste do Estado de Mato Grosso. Regionalmente foram desenvolvidos estudos, acerca dos aspectos fisiográficos, que incluem os dados climáticos, geológicos, geomorfológicos, pedológicos, hídricos e da cobertura vegetal, que se constituíram nas bases para a divisão desta área em unidades geoambientais. Todos estes trabalhos tiveram como objetivo principal a realização de um levantamento na escala regional de 1:100.000. Foram utilizadas como base para esses estudos as cartas temáticas do Projeto RADAMBRASIL editadas em 1982 e da Companhia de Pesquisa de Recursos Minerais em 2004, ampliados para a escala de interesse, assim como imagens orbitais dos satélites LANDSAT/TM-07 e CBERS 1, 2 e 3, obtidas desde 2001, até março de 2011, para ser realizado um estudo comparativo com as fotografias aéreas pancromáticas que foram editadas pelo Acordo AST-USAF (United States Air Force)/Cruzeiro do Sul em 196
“Who's to be master?”: Humpty Dumpty, J. L. Austin, and J. Hillis Miller
Authors: May Leila S.
Published: March 2017

This article suggests that the study of speech act theory can be beneficial to literary criticism by testing forms of fictional realism. It hopes to accomplish this by appealing to the role of speech acts in the creation of social facts, hence in the creation of social worlds both in reality and in fiction. The distinctiveness of this essay is its attempt to instantiate the truth of the foregoing general suggestion by applying J. L. Austin's speech act theory to Lewis Carroll's Alice books, aiming to justify the claims of certain critics who hold that there is more sense in Wonderland and Looking-Glass Land than has hitherto seemed likely. Here I show that an inspection of the performative utterances employed by the various strange characters in the Alice books sometimes reveals the possibility of functional alien social structures. This discovery suggests the relativity of our own social structures—as the practice of anthropology been doing for years—and thereby also suggests the arbitrariness and vulnerability of the foundations of our social world, and certainly that of the Victorian world that Carroll mocks.
Characters' Names in the Shade of Literary Tendencies: An Onomastic Approach to Characters' Names inThe Mayor of Casterbridge, A Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man, andThe City of Glass
Authors: Gerdabi Hiam
Published: March 2017

Literary schools are devised to categorize different writers' styles and visions in creating a literary piece of work. Writers tend to project their views by using a vast range of lingual tools. This article takes a specific look at the choice of characters' names by three different writers from three different literary schools, namely, Naturalism, Modernism, and Postmodernism. As designated sets of literary characteristics are traceable in a piece belonging to a certain literary school, one of the ways in which a writer boosts the paradigm is the choice of names for their characters. Three novels are our concern: The Mayor of Casterbridge by Thomas Hardy (a Naturalist), A Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man by James Joyce (a Modernist), and The City of Glass by Paul Auster (a Postmodernist). The method of investigating the importance of names encompasses linguistic, morphological, and etymological factors (Online Etymology Dictionary). Since these writers adhere to the restrictions of these three literary schools, the characters' names are picked to highlight the same regulations to emphasize their literary potency.
“Missionaries of the Book” or “Central Intelligence” Agents: Gender and Ideology in the Contest for Library Education in Twentieth-Century America
Authors: Pawley Christine
Published: March 2017

In the early twentieth century American librarians laid a foundation for professional education that emphasized knowledge of literary books. However, already by the 1920s, a growing emphasis on providing useful information challenged leading librarians' concentration on reading in claiming intellectual dominance and practical resources. Professionally educated librarians shifted their disciplinary allegiance from the humanities to the social sciences and reinvented themselves from “missionaries of the book” to expert managers and “central intelligence” agents, a move that also called into question the profession's feminization. This article traces the history of this tension and suggests that late twentieth-century developments have provided scope for a renewed role for the humanities and a reconsideration of gender in education for librarianship.
Library Wars: The Making of Librarianship at the Los Angeles Public Library, 1890–1910
Authors: Hansen Debra Gold
Published: March 2017

This article explores the professionalization of public librarianship during the Progressive Era. Using the Los Angeles Public Library (lapl) as a case study, it examines the library's gradual adoption of professional standards in the 1890s and the establishment of city-controlled civil service rules in 1902. lapl's experience illustrates the challenges involved in implementing new, often controversial, civil service policies and the impact that these personnel changes had on women library employees. The article also considers women librarians' response to changing workplace expectations and the ways in which they negotiated their new professional identity.
Rare complication of needleless mini-sling procedure: Case report
Authors: Karalar Mustafa , Keles Ibrahim , Unlu Serdar , Sarici Hasmet , Kose Mesut , Ay Cemil
Published: March 2017

The mini-sling procedure is a widely used, minimally invasive treatment for stress urinary incontinence. While bladder perforation and stone formation over the mesh is not an expected complication of the mini-sling procedure, in this case, we report on the management of bladder calculi formed over the mesh, which was passed through the bladder while applying the mini-sling procedure, and was eventually removed using holmium laser. Performing cystoscopy in patients with irritative and obstructive symptoms after the sling procedure will help confirm bladder perforation, and an endoscopic approach using holmium laser is an effective treatment.
INVOLVEMENT OF THE PROSTATE BY CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LYMPHOMA, CLINICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION
Authors: ALAZAB RAMI
Published: March 2017

Introduction: Few reports have described the involvement of the prostate by hematolymphoid infiltrate; the usual presentation is that of benign prostatic hyperplasia, because of the rarity of the condition; there is no specific diagnostic or treatment paradigm. We set out to study the clinicopathological features for this occurrence. Material and Method: This is a retrospective review to describe the clinical and pathological characters of secondary involvement of the prostate by chronic lymphocytic leukemia/lymphoma. Cohort included male patients above the age of 40 years who were diagnosed to have CLL with secondary infiltration of the prostate gland.Results: Among 1512 pathologies reviewed; nine patients were found to have involvement of the prostate gland by CLL. The discovery of the prostate involvement was proved either by pathology examination of prostate chips obtained by Tran Urethral Resection of the prostate or Tranrectal Ultrasound guided prostate biopsy. The average age 57.6 years, prostate specific antigen 2.52 ng/ml   AUA-score 23/35, abnormal Digital Rectal Examination 2/9, prostate volume 64 gm. Cohort was contrasted with our institutional prostate diseases database.Conclusion: Prostate gland might be an overlooked site of Chronic Lymphocytic leukemia infiltrate; patients usually present with severe obstructive symptoms and/or abnormal PSA/Digital Rectal Examination. Urologists and pathologists and should be oriented to the mode of presentation, diagnostic and treatment approaches of this population of patients.
Clomiphene citrate rescue of spermatogenesis in men with infertility while remaining on finasteride: A case report
Authors: Wu Christopher , Forbes Ellen , Jarvi Keith Allen
Published: March 2017

Finasteride is a selective inhibitor of type-2 5-alpha reductase enzyme, preventing the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Finasteride is used as an oral drug for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia at the 5 mg/day dose and is also used for the treatment of androgenic alopecia, or male pattern hair loss, at a dosage of 1 mg orally. There are now a number of studies documenting that finasteride, even at the low dose of 1 mg, may have an adverse effect on fertility for some men.In the largest study, Samplaski et al reported that sperm counts improved over 11-fold once the men had stopped the finasteride, but most of the men did not recover to normal sperm parameters. Presently, if men using finasteride are subfertile, the recommendation is to stop the finasteride and wait for a recovery of spermatogenesis. There has been no report of the use of any hormone therapy, such as clomiphene citrate, gonadotropin, or aromatase inhibitors, to treat subfertile men on finasteride. This is the first case report of the use of clomiphene citrate to improve fertilty for a man on finasteride.
Determination and Uncertainty Analysis of Inorganic Arsenic in Husked Rice by Solid Phase Extraction and Atomic Absorption Spectrometry with Hydride Generation
Authors: Saxena Sushil Kumar , Karipalli Agnes Raju , Krishnan Anoop A , Rangasamy Rajesh , Malekadi Praveen , Singh Dhirendra P , Vasu Vimesh , Singh Vijay K
Published: March 2017

This study enables the selective determination of inorganic arsenic (iAs) with a low detection limit using an economical instrument [atomic absorption spectrometer with hydride generation (HG)] to meet the regulatory requirements as per European Commission (EC) and Codex guidelines. Dry rice samples (0.5 g) were diluted using0.1 M HNO3–3% H2O2 and heated in a water bath (90 ± 2°C)for 60 min. Through this process, all the iAs is solubilized and oxidized to arsenate [As(V)]. The centrifugedextract was loaded onto a preconditioned and equilibrated strong anion-exchange SPE column (silica-based Strata SAX 500 mg/6 mL), followed by selective and sequential elution of As(V), enabling the selective quantification of iAs using atomic absorption spectrometry with HG. In-house validation showed a mean recovery of 94% and an LOQ of 0.025 mg/kg. The repeatability (HorRatr) and reproducibility (HorRatR) values were <2, meeting the performance criteria mandated by the EC. The combined standard measurement uncertaintyby this method was less than the maximum standard measurement uncertainty; thus, the method can be considered for official control purposes. The method was applied for the determination of iAs in husked rice samples and has potential applications in other food commodities.
Optimal Diagnostic Yield Achieved With On-site Pathology Evaluation of Fine-Needle Aspiration–Assisted Core Biopsies for Pediatric Osseous Lesions: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Patel Kalyani , Kinnear Darryl , Quintanilla Norma M. , Hicks John , Castro Eumenia , Curry Choladda , Dormans John , Ashton Daniel J. , Hernandez J. Alberto , Wu Hao
Published: March 2017

Context.—

Image-guided, fine-needle aspiration–assisted core needle biopsy with an on-site evaluation by a pathologist (FNACBP) of osseous lesions is not a common practice in pediatric institutions.

Objectives.—

To evaluate the diagnostic adequacy and accuracy of FNACBP for pediatric osseous lesions and to compare the adequacy with procedures that do not use fine-needle aspiration.

Design.—

Six-year, retrospective review of 144 consecutive children biopsied for osseous lesions with and without fine-needle aspiration assistance.

Results.—

Pathologic diagnosis was achieved in 79% (57 of 72) of the core biopsies without an on-site evaluation, 78% (32 of 41) of the open biopsies (9 with intraoperative consultation), and 97% (30 of 31) of the FNACBPs as the initial diagnostic procedure. Three FNACBP cases were preceded by nondiagnostic open biopsies. Among 34 lesions sampled by FNACBP, 33 (97%) succeeded with diagnostic tissue, with most (30 of 33; 91%) being neoplasms, including 16 malignant (48%), 13 benign (39%), and 1 indeterminate (3%) lesions. The most-common diagnoses were osteosarcoma (9 of 33; 27%) and Langerhans cell histiocytosis (7 of 33; 21%). In cases with follow-up information available, 93% (28 of 30) of the FNACBP-rendered diagnoses were clinically useful, allowing initiation of appropriate therapy. The FNACBP procedure had 100% specificity, sensitivity, and positive predictive value for all 14 malignant lesions, with the sensitivity being 88% in benign lesions. Most FNACBP procedures (32 of 34; 94%) yielded adequate material for ancillary testing. A gradual upward trend was observed for the choice of FNACBP as an initial diagnostic procedure for osseous lesions.

Conclusions.—

The FNACBP procedure yields sufficient material for diagnosis and ancillary studies in pediatric, osseous lesions and may be considered an initial-diagnostic procedure of choice.
Mechanism of ribosome rescue by ArfA and RF2
Authors: Demo Gabriel , Svidritskiy Egor , Madireddy Rohini , Diaz-Avalos Ruben , Grant Timothy , Grigorieff Nikolaus , Sousa Duncan , Korostelev Andrei A
Published: March 2017

ArfA rescues ribosomes stalled on truncated mRNAs by recruiting release factor RF2, which normally binds stop codons to catalyze peptide release. We report two 3.2 Å resolution cryo-EM structures – determined from a single sample – of the 70S ribosome with ArfA•RF2 in the A site. In both states, the ArfA C-terminus occupies the mRNA tunnel downstream of the A site. One state contains a compact inactive RF2 conformation. Ordering of the ArfA N-terminus in the second state rearranges RF2 into an extended conformation that docks the catalytic GGQ motif into the peptidyl-transferase center. Our work thus reveals the structural dynamics of ribosome rescue. The structures demonstrate how ArfA ‘senses’ the vacant mRNA tunnel and activates RF2 to mediate peptide release without a stop codon, allowing stalled ribosomes to be recycled.
Increased atmospheric ammonia over the world's major agricultural areas detected from space
Authors: Warner J. X. , Dickerson R. R. , Wei Z. , Strow L. L. , Wang Y. , Liang Q.
Published: March 2017

This study provides evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia (NH3) concentrations (14 year) over several of the worlds major agricultural regions, using recently available retrievals from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) aboard NASA's Aqua satellite. The main sources of atmospheric NH3 are farming and animal husbandry involving reactive nitrogen ultimately derived from fertilizer use; rates of emission are also sensitive to climate change. Significant increasing trends are seen over the U.S. (2.61% yr−1), the European Union (EU) (1.83% yr−1), and China (2.27% yr−1). Over the EU, the trend results from decreased scavenging by acid aerosols. Over the U.S., the increase results from a combination of decreased chemical loss and increased soil temperatures. Over China, decreased chemical loss, increasing temperatures, and increased fertilizer use all play a role. Over South Asia, increased NH3 emissions are masked by increased SO2 and NOx emissions, leading to increased aerosol loading and adverse health effects.