bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disseminated Mycobacterium chelonae infection in a patient with T-cell lymphoma
Authors: van der Wekken Lena , Herbrink Jacobine , Snijders Dominic , Chamuleau Martine , Griffioen Anita
Published: May 2016

Infections with rapidly growing mycobacteria are rare and most often seen in immunocompromised patients. We herein present the case of a 69-year-old man with a T-cell lymphoma treated by chemotherapy and mogamulizumab with a 6-month history of febrile episodes and subcutaneous nodules in both arms and arthritis of metacarpophalangeal joints. Blood cultures and DNA sequencing results demonstrated the growth of Mycobacterium chelonae. The patient was successfully treated with clarithromycin, moxifloxacin, and tobramycin, but died shortly after due to lymphoma progression.
Implementation of Actigraphy in Acute Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Neurorehabilitation Admissions: A Veterans Administration TBI Model Systems Feasibility Study
Authors: Towns Stephanie J. , Zeitzer Jamie , Kamper Joel , Holcomb Erin , Silva Marc A. , Schwartz Daniel J. , Nakase‐Richardson Risa
Published: May 2016

Background

Sleep problems and disorders are prevalent in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and are associated with negative outcomes. Incidence varies because of challenges including differences in assessment methods, particularly in the acute stages of recovery when patients are cognitively impaired and unable to complete traditional self‐report methods. Actigraphy (ACG) recently has been validated in the acute TBI rehabilitation setting and may serve as a superior method of assessing sleep‐wake patterns at this stage of recovery. Although a few studies with small sample sizes have described the use of ACG, none have described feasibility and implementation protocols.

Objective

To describe the feasibility and implementation protocol of ACG to evaluate sleep‐wake patterns and white‐light exposure data in patients with acute TBI during inpatient rehabilitation. Sleep‐wake patterns and light exposure data are presented to characterize the sample using these methods to inform future research.

Design

Retrospective study.

Setting

Acute inpatient rehabilitation unit at a Veterans' Affairs Polytrauma Rehabilitation Center.

Participants

Veterans (age ≥18 years) admitted to inpatient rehabilitation and enrolled in the Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems study who were admitted and discharged in the calendar year 2013.

Methods

Veterans underwent actigraph watch placement as soon as possible after admission. Records from the calendar year 2013 were reviewed to determine the number of admissions that met study criteria and what percentage of those patients had 3 days of continuous ACG data collected. The barriers to successful watch placement in this population were reviewed. Average sleep, light, and wake data from available records were collected for the study sample.

Main Outcome Measurements

Percentage of patients who met study criteria and who had 72 hours of continuous ACG data collected. The barriers to successful watch placement in this population were reviewed. Average sleep, light, and wake data from available records were collected.

Results

Of 22 eligible Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems admissions, 3 consecutive nights of ACG data were successfully obtained for 86% (n = 19) of the sample. Barriers to data collection included patient access due to abbreviated lengths of stay, staff availability for ACG placement, and data collection protocols to prevent loss of data in Veterans' Affairs computing systems.

Conclusions

ACG is feasible for collecting data about sleep, wake, and light exposure in patients who are in acute TBI inpatient rehabilitation settings.

Level of Evidence

III
ROBUST STABILITY, STABILISATION AND H-INFINITY CONTROL FOR PREMIUM-RESERVE MODELS IN A MARKOVIAN REGIME SWITCHING DISCRETE-TIME FRAMEWORK
Authors: Yang Lin , Pantelous Athanasios A. , Assa Hirbod
Published: May 2016

The premium pricing process and the medium- and long-term stability of the reserve policy under conditions of uncertainty present very challenging issues in relation to the insurance world. Over the last two decades, applications of Markovian regime switching models to finance and macroeconomics have received strong attention from researchers, and particularly market practitioners. However, relatively little research has so far been carried out in relation to insurance. This paper attempts to consider how a linear Markovian regime switching system in discrete-time could be applied to model the medium- and long-term reserves and the premiums (abbreviated here as the P-R process) for an insurer. Some recently developed techniques from linear robust control theory are applied to explore the stability, stabilisation and robustH∞-control of a P-R system, and the potential effects of abrupt structural changes in the economic fundamentals, as well as the insurer's strategy over a finite time period. Sufficient linear matrix inequality conditions are derived for solving the proposed sub-problems. Finally, a numerical example is presented to illustrate the applicability of the theoretical results.
European voters in the face of crisis: the prominence of unemployment
Authors: Rombi Stefano
Published: May 2016

From a political perspective, an economic crisis is an external shock which may deeply affect the functioning of a political system. Covering the European Parliament elections from 1999 to 2014, this article analyses how and to what extent the 2008 economic crisis affected the electoral patterns in EU member states. The analysis focusses on the electoral performance of both government parties and Eurosceptic parties, before and after the outbreak of the crisis. Resorting to the economic voting theory, it addresses two questions: first, if and why electoral losses of governing parties are greater during the crisis than before; and, second, if and why Eurosceptic parties have become more prominent after the onset of the crisis. Change of unemployment rate is shown as being the most important factor explaining these trends.
EXISTENTIALLY CLOSED MODELS IN THE FRAMEWORK OF ARITHMETIC
Authors: ADAMOWICZ ZOFIA , CORDÓN-FRANCO ANDRÉS , LARA-MARTÍN F. FÉLIX
Published: May 2016

We prove that the standard cut is definable in each existentially closed model ofIΔ0+ exp by a (parameter free) П1–formula. This definition is optimal with respect to quantifier complexity and allows us to improve some previously known results on existentially closed models of fragments of arithmetic.
A THIRD FUNDAMENTAL EQUATION FOR KEYNES’STREATISE ON MONEY
Authors: Kent Richard J.
Published: May 2016

Keynes abandoned the theoretical approach used in theTreatise on Money, the fundamental equations approach, very soon after publishing theTreatise. One reason why he may have done so is discussed in this paper. Twice in 1931 someone pointed out to Keynes a third fundamental equation, one for the price of investment goods, an equation Keynes had not developed in theTreatise. This third fundamental equation may have shown Keynes that his fundamental equation approach may not be promising or fruitful.
Timescales of methane seepage on the Norwegian margin following collapse of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet
Authors: Crémière Antoine , Lepland Aivo , Chand Shyam , Sahy Diana , Condon Daniel J. , Noble Stephen R. , Martma Tõnu , Thorsnes Terje , Sauer Simone , Brunstad Harald
Published: May 2016

Gas hydrates stored on continental shelves are susceptible to dissociation triggered by environmental changes. Knowledge of the timescales of gas hydrate dissociation and subsequent methane release are critical in understanding the impact of marine gas hydrates on the ocean–atmosphere system. Here we report a methane efflux chronology from five sites, at depths of 220–400 m, in the southwest Barents and Norwegian seas where grounded ice sheets led to thickening of the gas hydrate stability zone during the last glaciation. The onset of methane release was coincident with deglaciation-induced pressure release and thinning of the hydrate stability zone. Methane efflux continued for 7–10 kyr, tracking hydrate stability changes controlled by relative sea-level rise, bottom water warming and fluid pathway evolution in response to changing stress fields. The protracted nature of seafloor methane emissions probably attenuated the impact of hydrate dissociation on the climate system.
Superior thermoelasticity and shape-memory nanopores in a porous supramolecular organic framework
Authors: Huang You-Gui , Shiota Yoshihito , Wu Ming-Yan , Su Sheng-Qun , Yao Zi-Shuo , Kang Soonchul , Kanegawa Shinji , Li Guo-Ling , Wu Shu-Qi , Kamachi Takashi , Yoshizawa Kazunari , Ariga Katsuhiko , Hong Mao-Chun , Sato Osamu
Published: May 2016

Flexible porous materials generally switch their structures in response to guest removal or incorporation. However, the design of porous materials with empty shape-switchable pores remains a formidable challenge. Here, we demonstrate that the structural transition between an empty orthorhombic phase and an empty tetragonal phase in a flexible porous dodecatuple intercatenated supramolecular organic framework can be controlled cooperatively through guest incorporation and thermal treatment, thus inducing empty shape-memory nanopores. Moreover, the empty orthorhombic phase was observed to exhibit superior thermoelasticity, and the molecular-scale structural mobility could be transmitted to a macroscopic crystal shape change. The driving force of the shape-memory behaviour was elucidated in terms of potential energy. These two interconvertible empty phases with different pore shapes, that is, the orthorhombic phase with rectangular pores and the tetragonal phase with square pores, completely reject or weakly adsorb N2at 77 K, respectively.
Orientation tuning of binocular summation: a comparison of colour to achromatic contrast
Authors: Gheiratmand Mina , Cherniawsky Avital S. , Mullen Kathy T.
Published: May 2016

A key function of the primary visual cortex is to combine the input from the two eyes into a unified binocular percept. At low, near threshold, contrasts a process of summation occurs if the visual inputs from the two eyes are similar. Here we measure the orientation tuning of binocular summation for chromatic and equivalent achromatic contrast. We derive estimates of orientation tuning by measuring binocular summation as a function of the orientation difference between two sinusoidal gratings presented dichoptically to different eyes. We then use a model to estimate the orientation bandwidth of the neural detectors underlying the binocular combination. We find that orientation bandwidths are similar for chromatic and achromatic stimuli at both low (0.375 c/deg) and mid (1.5 c/deg) spatial frequencies, with an overall average of 29 ± 3 degs (HWHH, s.e.m). This effect occurs despite the overall greater binocular summation found for the low spatial frequency chromatic stimuli. These results suggest that similar, oriented processes underlie both chromatic and achromatic binocular contrast combination. The non-oriented detection process found in colour vision at low spatial frequencies under monocular viewing is not evident at the binocular combination stage.
Sex differences in the serum level of endogenous ligands for estrogen receptor β in the elderly population
Authors: Kobayashi Miyuki , Sugiyama Nobuhiro , Sasayama Daimei , Sasamoto Hidehiko , Miyashiro Yoshimichi , Arima Kunimasa , Washizuka Shinsuke
Published: May 2016

Animal studies suggest that estrogen receptor β (ERβ)-agonists, but not ERα-agonists, are antidepressants. Several endogenous ligands for ERβ have been proposed, including 5α-androstane-3β, 17β-diol (3βAdiol), Androstenediol (Δ5-diol), and 7α-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone (7α-OH-DHEA). The aim of this study was to determine the serum and salivary levels of natural ERβ ligands in men and women with and without past depressive episodes in the elderly population. DHEA (a precursor of 3βAdiol, Δ5-diol, and 7α-OH-DHEA), 17β-estradiol (E2), and cortisol (F) were also measured. Samples were collected from 51 subjects and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was used for measurement. Comparisons were made between groups based on sex and depression history. E2, 3βAdiol, and Δ5-diol levels were significantly lower in women than in men regardless of depression history. There were no significant differences between men and women in DHEA or 7α-OH-DHEA levels. DHEA was significantly lower in women with depression than in women without depression. Reduced DHEA levels may be related to depression vulnerability in women. Further studies are needed to determine the mechanism underlying sex differences in the prevalence of depression and increased risk of depression during menopause. Not only E2 but also two other estrogenic steroids (3βAdiol and Δ5-diol) should be involved in these studies.
Vegetable dietary fibres made with minimal processing improve health-related faecal parameters in a valid rat model
Authors: Monro John , Mishra Suman , Redman Claire , Somerfield Sheryl , Ng Jovyn
Published: May 2016

Structural components in tissues of minimally processed vegetables substantially increase faecal bulk and hydration capacity much more than fermentable fibres.
Citrus flavanones prevent systemic inflammation and ameliorate oxidative stress in C57BL/6J mice fed high-fat diet
Authors: Ferreira Paula S. , Spolidorio Luis C. , Manthey John A. , Cesar Thais B.
Published: May 2016

In vivoantioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of citrus flavanones.
Sea cucumber peptides exert anti-inflammatory activity through suppressing NF-κB and MAPK and inducing HO-1 in RAW264.7 macrophages
Authors: Song Jiajia , Li Tiange , Cheng Xue , Ji Xiaomin , Gao Dongxiao , Du Min , Jiang Naiyi , Liu Xueling , Mao Xueying
Published: May 2016

Sea cucumber peptides exert anti-inflammatory activity via NF-κB and MAPK suppression and HO-1 induction in RAW264.7 macrophages.
A label-free fluorescent probe for Hg2+ based on boron- and nitrogen-doped photoluminescent WS2
Authors: Feng Bo , Liu Xiaojia , Zheng Yizhi , Xiao Qian , Wu Na , Wang Suiping
Published: May 2016

The air-stable doping of transition-metal dichalcogenides is important in enabling a wide range of optoelectronic and electronic devices while exploring basic material properties.
In-plane interfacing effects of two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenide heterostructures
Authors: Wei Wei , Dai Ying , Huang Baibiao
Published: May 2016

Two-dimensional TMD in-plane heterostructures demonstrate true type-II band alignment and the built-in electric field makes the defect states consecutive.
A simplified early stage assessment of process intensification: glycidol as a value-added product from epichlorohydrin industry wastes
Authors: Cespi D. , Cucciniello R. , Ricciardi M. , Capacchione C. , Vassura I. , Passarini F. , Proto A.
Published: May 2016

The present work deals with the production of glycidol through a new synthetic approach based on the conversion of 2-chloro-1,3-propanediol (β-MCH), a by-product in the epichlorohydrin production plant.
New hydrazones of 5-nitro-2-furaldehyde with adamantanealkanohydrazides: synthesis and in vitro trypanocidal activity
Authors: Foscolos Angeliki-Sofia , Papanastasiou Ioannis , Foscolos George B. , Tsotinis Andrew , Kellici Tahsin F. , Mavromoustakos Thomas , Taylor Martin C. , Kelly John M.
Published: May 2016

A range of hydrazones of 5-nitro-2-furaldehyde with adamantane alkanohydrazides was synthesized and their trypanocidal activity was evaluated.
Effect of configurational isomerism and polymorphism on chalcone fluorescent properties
Authors: Zhang Ruimin , Wang Mingliang , Sun Hao , Khan Arshad , Usman Rabia , Wang Shengzhi , Gu Xiantao , Wang Jia , Xu Chunxiang
Published: May 2016

Compared with the cis-isomer, the trans-isomer with different configurations or conformations is beneficial to solid fluorescence.
Copper-catalyzed intermolecular amidation of 8-methylquinolines with N-fluoroarylsulfonimides via Csp3–H activation
Authors: Zhang Xiaolei , Wu Rui , Liu Wanyi , Qian Dang-Wei , Yang Jinhui , Jiang Pengju , Zheng Qing-Zhong
Published: May 2016

An efficient Cu-catalyzed intermolecular amidation of 8-methylquinolines with N-fluoroarylsulfonimides via Csp3–H activation has been developed.
Novel aluminium exchanged dodecatungstophosphoric acid supported on K-10 clay as catalyst: benzoylation of diphenyloxide with benzoic anhydride
Authors: Tiwari Manishkumar S. , Yadav Ganapati D.
Published: May 2016

A series of (20% w/w) aluminium exchanged dodeca-tungstophosphoric acids (DTP) (Alx-DTP, x = 0.33–1) supported on montmorillonite K-10 clay were synthesized and completely characterized by sophisticated techniques and used in benzoylation of diphenyl oxide.
Sol–gel synthesis of a series of first row d-block ferrites via the epoxide addition method
Authors: UaCearnaigh Deóis C. , Baghi Roya , Hope-Weeks Louisa J.
Published: May 2016

Ferrite spinels of the late first-row d-block metals were synthesized in a uniform manner via the epoxide addition method.
Recognition and selective adsorption of pesticides by superparamagnetic molecularly imprinted polymer nanospheres
Authors: Masoumi Arameh , Hemmati Khadijeh , Ghaemy Mousa
Published: May 2016

Selective adsorption of pesticides phosalone, diazinon, and chlorpyrifos from aqueous solution by superparamagnetic molecularly imprinted polymer nanosphere.
Fine-tuning the lifetimes and energy storage capacities of meta-stable vinylheptafulvenes via substitution at the vinyl position
Authors: Cacciarini Martina , Jevric Martyn , Elm Jonas , Petersen Anne U. , Mikkelsen Kurt V. , Nielsen Mogens Brøndsted
Published: May 2016

A novel set of photo/thermo switches is available by one-step synthesis from the parent system.
Effective new method for synthesizing Pt and CoPt3 mesoporous nanorods. New catalysts for ethanol electro-oxidation in alkaline medium
Authors: Serrà A. , Gómez E. , Montiel M. , Vallés E.
Published: May 2016

An electrochemical methodology consisting of electrodeposition in IL/W microemulsions has been revealed as an excellent pathway to prepare highly mesoporous nanorods with pore sizes of a few nanometers, with a significant growth rate.
In silico approach towards lipase mediated chemoenzymatic synthesis of (S)-ranolazine, as an anti-anginal drug
Authors: Sawant Ganesh , Ghosh Saptarshi , Banesh Sooram , Bhaumik Jayeeta , Chand Banerjee Uttam
Published: May 2016

An in silico modelling based biocatalytic approach for the synthesis of drugs and drug intermediates in enantiopure forms is a rationalized methodology over the organo-chemical routes.
Diversity oriented synthesis of benzimidazole-based biheterocyclic molecules by combinatorial approach: a critical review
Authors: Maiti Barnali , Chanda Kaushik
Published: May 2016

Because of the wide ranging bioactivities associated with the benzimidazole nucleus, this review highlights the advances made in the synthesis of benzimidazole-based biheterocyclic molecules by combinatorial approaches.
Rhodamine-based ratiometric fluorescent probes based on excitation energy transfer mechanisms: construction and applications in ratiometric sensing
Authors: Zhang Ruiqi , Yan Fanyong , Huang Yicun , Kong Depeng , Ye Qianghua , Xu Jinxia , Chen Li
Published: May 2016

Rhodamine is a convenient platform for the construction of “OFF–ON” ratiometric excitation energy transfer fluorescent probes.
Efficient, high yield perovskite/fullerene planar-heterojunction solar cells via one-step spin-coating processing
Authors: Xu Ligang , Dai Yunjie , Zhang Hongmei , Huang Wei
Published: May 2016

We report the fabrication of high crystalline perovskite films planar-heterojunction solar cells by one-step spin-coating processed with better control of thermal annealing time and solution concentration.
Laser-induced chemical transformation of free-standing graphene oxide membranes in liquid and gas ammonia environments
Authors: Pérez del Pino A. , György E. , Cotet C. , Baia L. , Logofatu C.
Published: May 2016

A fast and versatile method is developed for laser-induced reduction and nitrogen doping of free-standing graphene oxide membranes.
Improved amplified spontaneous emission of organic gain media with metallic electrodes by introducing a low-loss solution-processed organic interfacial layer
Authors: Yi Jianpeng , Huang Jinjin , Lin Yan , Liu Cheng-Fang , Cheng Tao , Jiang Yi , Tang Wei , Lai Wen-Yong , Huang Wei
Published: May 2016

Improved amplified spontaneous emission has been demonstrated by introducing a solution-processed organic film between the metallic electrodes and gain media.
Structurally diverse stilbene dimers from Gnetum montanum Markgr.: studies on the 1H chemical shift differences between dimeric stilbene epimers correlating to the relative configurations
Authors: Zhai Yi-Ming , Jiang Kun , Qu Shi-Jin , Luo Hong-Feng , Tan Jun-Jie , Tan Chang-Heng
Published: May 2016

Nine new dimeric stilbenoids were isolated from Gnetum montanum. The key 1H NMR shifts correlating to the configuration of C-7 of indane-type dimeric stilbenes were summarized. The misassigned structures of gnetuhainins D and E were revised.
Morphology-controlled synthesis of WO2.72 nanostructures and their photocatalytic properties
Authors: Guo Xiaoxiao , Qin Xiaoyun , Xue Zhenjie , Zhang Changbo , Sun Xiaohua , Hou Jibo , Wang Tie
Published: May 2016

WO2.72 nanowires and urchin-like WO2.72 nanostructures exhibited enhanced photocatalytic activities for organic pollutants degradation compared to commercial nanostructured tungsten oxide.
Isolation and biomimetic total synthesis of tomentodiones A–B, terpenoid-conjugated phloroglucinols from the leaves of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa
Authors: Liu Hong-Xin , Chen Kai , Tang Gui-Hua , Yuan Yun-Fei , Tan Hai-Bo , Qiu Sheng-Xiang
Published: May 2016

Tomentodiones A (1) and B (2), a pair of C-11′ epimers of caryophyllene-conjugated phloroglucinols with an unprecedented skeleton, were isolated from the leaves of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa.
New role of aminothiazonaphthalimide derivatives: outstanding photoinitiators for cationic and radical photopolymerizations under visible LEDs
Authors: Xiao Pu , Dumur Frédéric , Zhang Jing , Graff Bernadette , Gigmes Didier , Fouassier Jean Pierre , Lalevée Jacques
Published: May 2016

Aminothiazonaphthalimide derivatives can act as photoinitiators (when combined with additives) to start the cationic polymerization or the radical polymerization upon exposure to visible LEDs or a polychromatic visible light.
The virulence factor LecB varies in clinical isolates: consequences for ligand binding and drug discovery
Authors: Sommer Roman , Wagner Stefanie , Varrot Annabelle , Nycholat Corwin M. , Khaledi Ariane , Häussler Susanne , Paulson James C. , Imberty Anne , Titz Alexander
Published: May 2016

The sequence of the virulence factor LecB differs significantly between the evolutionarily diverged PAO1- or PA14-like strains and can serve as marker for strain classification. Despite these variations, its comparable ligand selectivity makes LecB a highly promising target for anti-virulence therapy.
Graphene wrapped 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride as a high-performance organic cathode for lithium ion batteries
Authors: Cui Dongming , Tian Di , Chen Shasha , Yuan Liangjie
Published: May 2016

Graphene wrapped 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride shows a high reversible capacity, an excellent cycling stability and a superior rate capability for Li-ion batteries.
Effects of Jahn–Teller distortion on the skyrmion stability of (Cu1−xNix)2OSeO3
Authors: Chandrasekhar K. Devi , Wu H. C. , Huang C. L. , Yang H. D.
Published: May 2016

A unique way to tune the skyrmion window with the aid of Jahn–Teller-active Ni2+ ions at the Cu site of Cu2OSeO3 has been discussed.
Aus der Redaktion
Authors: Gaede Kirsten
Published: May 2016

Attraktiv, attraktiv
Manchmal ist es nicht leicht, mit einer Recherche zu Rande zu kommen – die Experten sind schwer zu erreichen und hat man sie endlich an der Strippe oder sitzt sogar vor ihnen, sagen sie Dinge wie: „Die demografische Entwicklung stellt uns vor enorme Herausforderungen.“ Aber dieses Mal lief’s mit der Titelgschichte (Seite 34) wie geölt, jeder Experte hatte handfeste Tipps und Beispiele parat. Im Grunde könnten wir eine Serie starten zum Thema Arbeitgeberattraktivität. Am Ende hatten wir viel zu viel Material; zwei Gesprächspartner, Gunda Dittmer (Klinikum Itzehoe) und Josef Hug (Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe) sind leider gar nicht erwähnt. Wir werden uns aber bei ihnen melden, denn was sie sagten, ist berichtenswert – es passte nur nicht in den Fluss der Geschichte, zumal der Platz irgendwann aufgezehrt ist.

Hybrid, Hybrid
Manche Begriffe traut man sich nicht mehr zu hinterfragen, sie scheinen allgemeiner Wortschatz und doch leicht diffus. Hybrid-OP etwa – ist jeder OP mit einem C-Bogen schon ein Hybrid-OP? Wenn ja, hat einen solchen OP nicht längst jedes Krankenhaus? Wir freuen uns, dass Sven Seifert, Chefarzt am Klinikum Chemnitz, sich nicht zu fein für unsere allgemeinen Fragen war (Seite 51). Vielleicht ist das normal. Wir stellen schon seit Längererm fest, dass dünkelhafte Chefärzte rar geworden sind. Welch ein Glück für uns …

Viel Freude beim Lesen wünscht Ihnen Ihre

Kirsten Gaede

Kirsten Gaede, kma-Chefredakteurin
Woran ist die GOÄ gescheitert?
Authors: Weber Michael A.
Published: May 2016

Krankenversicherer, Ärzte, Bundesländer und Gesundheitsministerium werkeln seit Jahren an einer neuen Gebührenordnung für Ärzte (GOÄ). Nun ist die Verabschiedung einer neuen GOÄ gescheitert. Warum? Ein Kommentar von Michael A. Weber.
PEPP: „Der Zeitplan ist zu ambitioniert“
Authors: Doelfs Guntram
Published: May 2016

Mitte Februar verabschiedete sich die große Koalition vom 2009 gestarteten Pauschalierenden Entgeltsystem Psychiatrie – und Psychosomatik (PEPP), das in Fachkreisen stark kritisiert wird. Stattdessen legten die Fachpolitiker Eckpunkte für ein neues Entgeltsystem vor. kma fragte Iris Hauth, Präsidentin der psychiatrischen Fachgesellschaft DGPPN, was sie von dem Koalitionspapier hält.
Arbeitgeberattraktivität: Sie sind unser Star!
Authors: Gaede Kirsten , Wenzel Kirsten
Published: May 2016

Alle reden augenblicklich über Arbeitgeberattraktivität. Oft ist es reines Marketing. Erfahren Sie, was wirklich zählt im Kampf um Fachkräfte.
Innovationsfonds: Jetzt gibt’s Helikoptergeld
Authors: Paquet Robert
Published: May 2016

Aus politischem Aktionismus ist ein sperriges, bürokratisches Ding entstanden: der Innovationsfonds. Auf große Effekte fürs Gesundheitswesen sollte man nicht hoffen, meint unser Autor Robert Paquet. Fraglich bleibt auch, inwieweit das ganze Geld überhaupt abgeschöpft werden kann.
Computertomografie: Auf die Software kommt es an
Authors: Kucera Martin
Published: May 2016

Die Computertomografie hat in den letzten 20 Jahren große Entwicklungssprünge gemacht. Die Geräte der Hersteller liefern heute viel detailreichere Aufnahmen in immer kürzerer Zeit. Auch die Strahlendosen sind mittlerweile auf ein erträgliches Maß gesunken.
Exploration of the fragmentation of laser shock-melted aluminum using x-ray backlighting
Authors: Zhang Lin , Li Ying-Hua , Li Xue-Mei , Ye Xiang-Ping , Zhang Zu-Gen , Cheng Jin-Ming , Cai Ling-Cang
Published: May 2016

The fragmentation of shock-melted metal material is an important scientific problem in shock physics and is suitable for experimentally investigating by the laser-driven x-ray backlighting technique. This letter reports on the exploration of laser shock-melted aluminum fragmentation by means of x-ray backlighting at the SGII high energy facility in China. High-quality and high-resolution radiographs with negligible motion blur were obtained and these images enabled analysis of the mass distribution of the fragmentation product.
3D numerical modeling of the carrier transport and radiative efficiency for InGaN/GaN light emitting diodes with V-shaped pits
Authors: Li Chi-Kang , Wu Chen-Kuo , Hsu Chung-Cheng , Lu Li-Shuo , Li Heng , Lu Tien-Chang , Wu Yuh-Renn
Published: May 2016

In this paper, influence of a V-pit embedded inside the multiple quantum wells (MQWs) LED was studied. A fully three-dimensional stress-strain solver and Poisson-drift-diffusion solver are employed to study the current path, where the quantum efficiency and turn-on voltage will be discussed. Our results show that the hole current is not only from top into lateral quantum wells (QWs) but flowing through shallow sidewall QWs and then injecting into the deeper lateral QWs in V-pit structures, where the V-pit geometry provides more percolation length for holes to make the distribution uniform along lateral MQWs. The IQE behavior with different V-pit sizes, threading dislocation densities, and current densities were analyzed. Substantially, the variation of the quantum efficiency for different V-pit sizes is due to the trap-assisted nonradiative recombination, effective QW ratio, and ability of hole injections.
Speech segmentation by statistical learning is supported by domain-general processes within working memory
Authors: Palmer Shekeila D. , Mattys Sven L.
Published: May 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which working memory resources are recruited during statistical learning (SL). Participants were asked to identify novel words in an artificial speech stream where the transitional probabilities between syllables provided the only segmentation cue. Experiments 1 and 2 demonstrated that segmentation performance improved when the speech rate was slowed down, suggesting that SL is supported by some form of active processing or maintenance mechanism that operates more effectively under slower presentation rates. In Experiment 3 we investigated the nature of this mechanism by asking participants to perform a two-back task while listening to the speech stream. Half of the participants performed a two-back rhyme task designed to engage phonological processing, whereas the other half performed a comparable two-back task on un-nameable visual shapes. It was hypothesized that if SL is dependent only upon domain-specific processes (i.e., phonological rehearsal), the rhyme task should impair speech segmentation performance more than the shape task. However, the two loads were equally disruptive to learning, as they both eradicated the benefit provided by the slow rate. These results suggest that SL is supported by working-memory processes that rely on domain-general resources.
The decomposition group of a line in the plane
Authors: Hedén Isac , Zimmermann Susanna
Published: May 2016

We show that the decomposition group of a line

L
L

in the plane, i.e., the subgroup of plane birational transformations that send

L
L

to itself birationally, is generated by its elements of degree 1 and one element of degree 2, and that it does not decompose as a non-trivial amalgamated product.
Transferrin Receptor 1 in Chronic Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Vascular
Remodeling
Authors: Naito Yoshiro , Hosokawa Manami , Sawada Hisashi , Oboshi Makiko , Hirotani Shinichi , Iwasaku Toshihiro , Okuhara Yoshitaka , Morisawa Daisuke , Eguchi Akiyo , Nishimura Koichi , Soyama Yuko , Fujii Kenichi , Mano Toshiaki , Ishihara Masaharu , Tsujino Takeshi , Masuyama Tohru
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUND

Iron is associated with the pathophysiology of several cardiovascular diseases, including pulmonary hypertension (PH). In addition, disrupted pulmonary iron homeostasis has been reported in several chronic lung diseases. Transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) plays a key role in cellular iron transport. However, the role of TfR1 in the pathophysiology of PH has not been well characterized. In this study, we investigate the role of TfR1 in the development of hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling.

METHODS

PH was induced by exposing wild-type (WT) mice and TfR1 hetero knockout mice to hypoxia for 4 weeks and evaluated via assessment of pulmonary vascular remodeling, right ventricular (RV) systolic pressure, and RV hypertrophy. In addition, we assessed the functional role of TfR1 in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells in vitro .

RESULTS

The morphology of pulmonary arteries did not differ between WT mice and TfR1 hetero knockout mice under normoxic conditions. In contrast, TfR1 hetero knockout mice exposed to 4 weeks hypoxia showed attenuated pulmonary vascular remodeling, RV systolic pressure, and RV hypertrophy compared with WT mice. In addition, the depletion of TfR1 by RNA interference attenuated human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells proliferation induced by platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) in vitro .

CONCLUSIONS

These results suggest that TfR1 plays an important role in the development of hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling.
Notch-Jagged signalling can give rise to clusters of cells exhibiting a hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal phenotype
Authors: Boareto Marcelo , Jolly Mohit Kumar , Goldman Aaron , Pietilä Mika , Mani Sendurai A. , Sengupta Shiladitya , Ben-Jacob Eshel , Levine Herbert , Onuchic Jose’ N.
Published: May 2016

Metastasis can involve repeated cycles of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and its reverse mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition. Cells can also undergo partial transitions to attain a hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal (E/M) phenotype that allows the migration of adhering cells to form a cluster of circulating tumour cells. These clusters can be apoptosis-resistant and possess an increased metastatic propensity as compared to the cells that undergo a complete EMT (mesenchymal cells). Hence, identifying the key players that can regulate the formation and maintenance of such clusters may inform anti-metastasis strategies. Here, we devise a mechanism-based theoretical model that links cell–cell communication via Notch-Delta-Jagged signalling with the regulation of EMT. We demonstrate that while both Notch-Delta and Notch-Jagged signalling can induce EMT in a population of cells, only Jagged-dominated Notch signalling, but not Delta-dominated signalling, can lead to the formation of clusters containing hybrid E/M cells. Our results offer possible mechanistic insights into the role of Jagged in tumour progression, and offer a framework to investigate the effects of other microenvironmental signals during metastasis.
Assessing urban strategies for reducing the impacts of extreme weather on infrastructure networks
Authors: Pregnolato Maria , Ford Alistair , Robson Craig , Glenis Vassilis , Barr Stuart , Dawson Richard
Published: May 2016

Critical infrastructure networks, including transport, are crucial to the social and economic function of urban areas but are at increasing risk from natural hazards. Minimizing disruption to these networks should form part of a strategy to increase urban resilience. A framework for assessing the disruption from flood events to transport systems is presented that couples a high-resolution urban flood model with transport modelling and network analytics to assess the impacts of extreme rainfall events, and to quantify the resilience value of different adaptation options. A case study in Newcastle upon Tyne in the UK shows that both green roof infrastructure and traditional engineering interventions such as culverts or flood walls can reduce transport disruption from flooding. The magnitude of these benefits depends on the flood event and adaptation strategy, but for the scenarios considered here 3–22% improvements in city-wide travel times are achieved. The network metric of betweenness centrality, weighted by travel time, is shown to provide a rapid approach to identify and prioritize the most critical locations for flood risk management intervention. Protecting just the top ranked critical location from flooding provides an 11% reduction in person delays. A city-wide deployment of green roofs achieves a 26% reduction, and although key routes still flood, the benefits of this strategy are more evenly distributed across the transport network as flood depths are reduced across the model domain. Both options should form part of an urban flood risk management strategy, but this method can be used to optimize investment and target limited resources at critical locations, enabling green infrastructure strategies to be gradually implemented over the longer term to provide city-wide benefits. This framework provides a means of prioritizing limited financial resources to improve resilience. This is particularly important as flood management investments must typically exceed a far higher benefit–cost threshold than transport infrastructure investments. By capturing the value to the transport network from flood management interventions, it is possible to create new business models that provide benefits to, and enhance the resilience of, both transport and flood risk management infrastructures. Further work will develop the framework to consider other hazards and infrastructure networks.
Half conformally flat gradient Ricci almost solitons
Authors: Brozos-Vázquez M. , García-Río E. , Valle-Regueiro X.
Published: May 2016

The local structure of half conformally flat gradient Ricci almost solitons is investigated, showing that they are locally conformally flat in a neighbourhood of any point where the gradient of the potential function is non-null. In opposition, if the gradient of the potential function is null, then the soliton is a steady traceless
κ
-Einstein soliton and is realized on the cotangent bundle of an affine surface.
The making of winners (and losers): how early dominance interactions determine adult social structure in a clonal fish
Authors: Laskowski Kate L. , Wolf Max , Bierbach David
Published: May 2016

Across a wide range of animal taxa, winners of previous fights are more likely to keep winning future contests, just as losers are more likely to keep losing. At present, such winner and loser effects are considered to be fairly transient. However, repeated experiences with winning and/or losing might increase the persistence of these effects, generating long-lasting consequences for social structure. To test this, we exposed genetically identical individuals of a clonal fish, the Amazon molly (
Poecilia formosa
), to repeated winning and/or losing dominance interactions during the first two months of their life. We subsequently investigated whether these experiences affected the fish's ability to achieve dominance in a hierarchy five months later after sexual maturity, a major life-history transition. Individuals that had only winning interactions early in life consistently ranked at the top of the hierarchy. Interestingly, individuals with only losing experience tended to achieve the middle dominance rank, whereas individuals with both winning and losing experiences generally ended up at the bottom of the hierarchy. In addition to demonstrating that early social interactions can have dramatic and long-lasting consequences for adult social behaviour and social structure, our work also shows that higher cumulative winning experience early in life can counterintuitively give rise to lower social rank later in life.
Rhesus monkeys show human-like changes in gaze following across the lifespan
Authors: Rosati Alexandra G. , Arre Alyssa M. , Platt Michael L. , Santos Laurie R.
Published: May 2016

Gaze following, or co-orienting with others, is a foundational skill for human social behaviour. The emergence of this capacity scaffolds critical human-specific abilities such as theory of mind and language. Non-human primates also follow others' gaze, but less is known about how the cognitive mechanisms supporting this behaviour develop over the lifespan. Here we experimentally tested gaze following in 481 semi-free-ranging rhesus macaques (
Macaca mulatta
) ranging from infancy to old age. We found that monkeys began to follow gaze in infancy and this response peaked in the juvenile period—suggesting that younger monkeys were especially attuned to gaze information, like humans. After sexual maturity, monkeys exhibited human-like sex differences in gaze following, with adult females showing more gaze following than males. Finally, older monkeys showed reduced propensity to follow gaze, just as older humans do. In a second study (
n
= 80), we confirmed that macaques exhibit similar baseline rates of looking upwards in a control condition, regardless of age. Our findings indicate that—despite important differences in human and non-human primate life-history characteristics and typical social experiences—monkeys undergo robust ontogenetic shifts in gaze following across early development, adulthood and ageing that are strikingly similar to those of humans.
‘Proto-rivalry’: how the binocular brain identifies gloss
Authors: Muryy Alexander A. , Fleming Roland W. , Welchman Andrew E.
Published: May 2016

Visually identifying glossy surfaces can be crucial for survival (e.g. ice patches on a road), yet estimating gloss is computationally challenging for both human and machine vision. Here, we demonstrate that human gloss perception exploits some surprisingly simple binocular fusion signals, which are likely available early in the visual cortex. In particular, we show that the unusual disparity gradients and vertical offsets produced by reflections create distinctive ‘proto-rivalrous’ (barely fusible) image regions that are a critical indicator of gloss. We find that manipulating the gradients and vertical components of binocular disparities yields predictable changes in material appearance. Removing or occluding proto-rivalrous signals makes surfaces look matte, while artificially adding such signals to images makes them appear glossy. This suggests that the human visual system has internalized the idiosyncratic binocular fusion characteristics of glossy surfaces, providing a straightforward means of estimating surface attributes using low-level image signals.
Measuring Mechanodynamics using an Unsupported Epithelial Monolayer Grown at an Air-Water Interface
Authors: Gullekson Corinne , Walker Matthew , Harden James L. , Pelling Andrew E.
Published: May 2016

Actomyosin contraction and relaxation in a monolayer is a fundamental biophysical process in development and homeostasis. Current methods used to characterize the mechanodynamics of monolayers often involve cells grown on solid supports such as glass or gels. The results of these studies are fundamentally influenced by these supporting structures. Here, we describe a new methodology for measuring the mechanodynamics of epithelial monolayers by culturing cells at an air-liquid interface. These model monolayers are grown in the absence of any supporting structures removing cell-substrate effects. This method’s potential was evaluated by observing and quantifying the generation and release of internal stresses upon actomyosin contraction (320±50Pa) and relaxation (190±40Pa) in response to chemical treatments. Although unsupported monolayers exhibited clear major and minor strain axes, they were not correlated to nuclear alignment as observed when the monolayers were grown on soft deformable gels. It was also observed that both gels and glass substrates led to the promotion of long-range cell nuclei alignment not seen in the hanging drop model. This new approach provides us with a picture of basal actomyosin mechanodynamics in a simplified system allowing us to infer how the presence of a substrate impacts contractility and long-range multi-cellular organization and dynamics.
PTCLab: free and open-source software for calculating phase transformation crystallography
Authors: Gu X.-F. , Furuhara T. , Zhang W.-Z.
Published: May 2016

PTCLab(Phase Transformation Crystallography Lab) is free and open-source software to calculate the crystallographic features formed during a phase transformation, such as orientation relationship, interface orientation, interfacial structureetc. This program covers the crystallographic theories for both martensitic and diffusional transformation and allows users to represent the results in stereographic projection. The crystallographic models treated inPTCLabinclude the classical phenomenological theory of martensite crystallography (PTMC), the double shear version of PTMC, the invariant line model, O-lattice theory, the O-line model, the recently developed three-dimensional near coincidence site method, the edge-to-edge matching model and variant selection analysis. In addition, a number of basic crystallographic calculations for single or multiple crystal structures can be performed with the calculation pad. High-quality composite stereographic projection and electron diffraction patterns can be also obtained by the present application.PTCLabis written in Python, runnable cross platform, and is distributed at https://sourceforge.net/projects/tclab/.
NIMS: a database on nucleobase compounds and their interactions in macromolecular structures
Authors: Santhosh R. , Satheesh S. N. , Gurusaran M. , Michael Daliah , Sekar K. , Jeyakanthan J.
Published: May 2016

The intense exploration of nucleotide-binding protein structures has created a whirlwind in the field of structural biology and bioinformatics. This has led to the conception and birth of NIMS. This database is a collection of detailed data on the nucleobases, nucleosides and nucleotides, along with their analogues as well as the protein structures to which they bind. Interaction details such as the interacting residues and all associated values have been made available. As a pioneering step, the diffraction precision index for protein structures, the atomic uncertainty for each atom, and the computed errors on the interatomic distances and angles are available in the database. Apart from the above, provision has been made to visualize the three-dimensional structures of both ligands and protein–ligand structures and their interactions inJmolas well asJSmol. One of the salient features of NIMS is that it has been interfaced with a user-friendly and query-based efficient search engine. It was conceived and developed with the aim of serving a significant section of researchers working in the area of protein and nucleobase complexes. NIMS is freely available online at http://iris.physics.iisc.ernet.in/nims and it is hoped that it will prove to be an invaluable asset.
On Narco‐coyotaje: Illicit Regimes and Their Impacts on the US–Mexico Border
Authors: Slack Jeremy , Campbell Howard
Published: May 2016

Many have debated whether or not human smugglers, known as coyotes, are involved with drug trafficking organizations. Scholars have largely rejected so‐called “narcocoyotaje”, however; we hope to problematize this narrative by adding a new theoretical layer to the discussion. Namely, we explore the ways in which different criminal activities produce hierarchies and control illicit activities within the clandestine geography of the US–Mexico border. These “illicit regimes” operate against the State, creating a hierarchy that dominates other illicit activities in order to maximize profit, avoid detection and consolidate power. While other studies have explored the relationships between the State and illicit practices this article takes the relationship between two illicit industries as its object of study. Doing so will help us move past the simply binary question about whether or not coyotes are involved with drug cartels, and allows us to understand what is being produced by this relationship, and its consequences for everyone involved.
Confocal x‐ray Fluorescence Imaging Facilitates High‐Resolution Elemental Mapping in Fragile Archaeological Bone
Authors: Choudhury S. , Swanston T. , Varney T. L. , Cooper D. M. L. , George G. N. , Pickering I. J. , Grimes V. , Bewer B. , Coulthard I.
Published: May 2016

Synchrotron‐based standard X‐ray fluorescence imaging can be a sophisticated tool for mapping distributions of trace elements in archaeological bone; however, thin samples are normally required to achieve high‐spatial‐resolution results. Poorly preserved or fragile archaeological samples can be challenging to measure using this standard technique, since the production of a sufficiently thin section may be difficult. We discuss the implementation of confocal X‐ray fluorescence imaging as a successful strategy for high‐resolution elemental mapping in poorly preserved archaeological bone. The implementation of the confocal method additionally can facilitate localized quantification and speciation of elements, which are also discussed.