bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of intramuscular injection of oxytetracycline for use as an experimental model to induce pain and assess the efficacy of pain mitigation strategies in dairy cows
Authors: Ohlheiser Alex L. , Ahola Jason K. , Baier Faith S. , Callan Robert J. , Lear Andrea S. , Byers Stacey R. , Edwards-Callaway Lily N.
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate IM injection of oxytetracycline as an experimental model to induce pain and assess the analgesic efficacy of flunixin meglumine (FM) in dairy cows.

ANIMALS

15 healthy nonlactating Jersey (n = 10) and Holstein (5) cows.

PROCEDURES

In the first of 2 experiments, 5 Jerseys were administered oxytetracycline (10 mg/kg, IM), divided between the right side of the neck and left hind limb. The left side of the neck and right hind limb received sham injections. Cows were also randomly assigned to receive FM (2.2 mg/kg, IV; n = 3) or an equal volume of saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (0.044 mL/kg, IV; control; 2) once daily for 5 days. The mechanical nociceptive threshold (MNT) was measured before oxytetracycline administration and at predetermined times after each injection of the assigned treatment. Experiment 2 was similar to experiment 1 except it involved 5 Jerseys and 5 Holsteins, oxytetracycline was injected only in a hind limb, and the assigned treatment was administered for 10 days.

RESULTS

For both experiments, mean MNT for the oxytetracycline injection site was consistently less than that for the sham injection site in the hind limbs, and mean MNT at the hind limb oxytetracycline injection site for FM-treated cows was greater than that for control cows beginning on day 3.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

IM injection of oxytetracycline in a hind limb reliably induced signs of pain in dairy cows and, with validation, might be useful as an experimental model for assessing pain mitigation strategies in cattle.
Effects of intra-articular administration of lidocaine, mepivacaine, and the preservative methyl parahydroxybenzoate on synovial fluid biomarkers of horses
Authors: Adler Ditte M. T. , Serteyn Didier , Franck Thierry , Jørgensen Elin , Christophersen Mogens T. , Denwood Matt , Verwilghen Denis R.
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVE

To compare the extent of inflammation and catabolic collagen response in the middle carpal joints (MCJs) of healthy horses following intra-articular injection of 2% lidocaine, 2% mepivacaine, lactated Ringer solution (LRS), or 0.1% methyl parahydroxybenzoate.

ANIMALS

17 adult horses.

PROCEDURES

In the first of 2 experiments, the left middle carpal joint (MCJ) of each of 12 horses was injected with 10 mL of 2% lidocaine (n = 3), 2% mepivacaine (3), or LRS (control; 6). After a 4-week washout period, the right MCJ of the horses that received lidocaine or mepivacaine was injected with 10 mL of LRS, and the right MCJ of horses that received LRS was injected with 10 mL of 2% lidocaine (n = 3) or 2% mepivacaine (3). In experiment 2, the left MCJ of each of 5 horses was injected with 10 mL of 0.1% methyl parahydroxybenzoate. After a 48-hour washout period, the right MCJ of each horse was injected with 10 mL of LRS. Synovial fluid (SF) samples were aseptically collected before and at predetermined times after each injection. Synovial fluid WBC count, neutrophil percentage, and total protein, neutrophil myeloperoxidase, neutrophil elastase, and Coll2-1 concentrations were compared among treatments.

RESULTS

Both lidocaine and mepivacaine induced SF changes indicative of inflammation and a catabolic collagen response, but the magnitude of those changes was more pronounced for lidocaine. Methyl parahydroxybenzoate did not cause any SF changes indicative of inflammation.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Results suggested that mepivacaine was safer than lidocaine for intra-articular injection in horses.
Pengaruh Motivasi Kerja, Gaya Kepemimpinan dan Pengalaman Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan PT ELKAU
Authors: Sukri Sukri , Rahardjo Mukti
Published: May 2020

This study aims to analyze and prove work, work experience and leadership styles on employee work simultaneously or partially. This study used a survey using a questionnaire to 96 respondents, PT ELKAU staff. Sample selection is based on random sampling everywhere Every participant has the same opportunity to take samples. The results of this study prove that work motivation, work experience and leadership styles simultaneously influence employee performance. Partially, work experience increases performance with a significant level of 0,000, work motivation while positive performance on performance is significant level of 0.017 and leadership style increases positive performance on work performance with a significant level of 0,000. Further research is expected to add other factors that can improve job performance.
Analisis Strategi Manajemen PT Hanjaya Mandala Sampoerna Tbk. Untuk Menjadi Market Leader dalam Industri Rokok
Authors: Septia Sri , Loisa Riris
Published: May 2020

The purpose of research at PT HM Sampoerna, Tbk is to assess the company's business in the period 2013-2017. The results of the business assessment of each company can be information for investors and creditors to make a decision whether it is good for them to rotate the assets they have in the company. Business performance assessment conducted by the author at PT HM Sampoerna, Tbk is analyzing the SWOT, PORTER, PEST (Political, Economic, Social, and Technology) strategies, analyzing financial statements, and analyzing bankruptcy. The author uses a mixture of qualitative and quantitative methods in the research approach by using the income statement and balance sheet obtained from secondary data where all data is publicly available and can be accessed by anyone. Data analysis uses library research and analysis procedures. The results showed the level of leverage ratios and the level of liquidity ratios at PT HM Sampoerna, Tbk experienced fluctuations in each year but remained above the average industry company. While the level of profitability ratios has increased and is also well above the average industry company. The results of the analysis of the z score of PT HM Sampoerna, Tbk are far from the level of bankruptcy. Researchers can give advice to PT HM Sampoerna, Tbk to improve their income by changing credit sales to cash sales and also by looking at the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and obstacles owned by PT HM Sampoerna, Tbk.
Developing an Occupational Anxiety Scale for Emergency Medical Service Professionals
Authors: SEVİNÇ POSTACI Emine , UYSAL İbrahim , AYTUĞ KOŞAN Ayşen Melek , TORAMAN Çetin
Published: May 2020

Background: Emergency medical service professionals regularly make critical decisions that directly affect life-related to patient's care. Anxiety may restrict the healthcare professionals during this period. Present study is aimed to develop a measurement tool that measures the occupational anxiety levels of healthcare professionals providing emergency medical services in a valid and reliable manner. Methods: In this descriptive study, data were obtained from three different groups. These were; the group (50 people) to whom open-ended questions were asked in order to obtain the scale items, the group (209 people) on whom explanatory factor analysis and reliability analysis were performed and the group (201 people) on whom confirmatory factor analysis was performed. Individuals in all groups were healthcare personnel who were involved in providing emergency and pre-hospital emergency medical services. Results: As a result of the validity analyses, it was determined that the scale should consist of 22 items with two factors. This structure was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. The reliability value was determined to be 0.914 for the entire scale; 0,922 for the factor of bodily, physical and vital concerns; 0.866 for the factor of concerns regarding setting, staff, equipment and environmental factors. Conclusion: It was concluded that the scale developed in accordance with these results in the context of the participants in this study measures the professional concerns of the personnel providing emergency medical services in a valid and reliable manner. It is of vital importance for all individuals who may need service at any time to determine the factors that cause high professional anxiety and develop anxiety-reducing measures, especially for Emergency Medical Services professionals. The Occupational Anxiety Scale of Emergency Health Professionals developed can be used in such studies and will be a starting point for more detailed studies.
Epitaxial GaN using Ga(NMe2)3 and NH3 Plasma by Atomic Layer Deposition
Authors: Rouf Polla , O'Brien Nathan J , Buttera Sydney C. , Martinovic Ivan , Bakhit Babak , Martinsson Erik , Palisaitis Justinas , Hsu Chih-Wei , Pedersen Henrik
Published: May 2020

Low temperature deposition of high-quality epitaxial GaN is crucial for its integration inelectronic applications. Chemical vapor deposition at approximately 800 °C using SiC with anAlN buffer layer or nitridized sapphire as substrates is used to facilitate the GaN growth. Here,we present a low temperature atomic layer deposition (ALD) process usingtris(dimethylamido)gallium(III) with NH3 plasma. The ALD process shows self-limitingbehaviour between 130-250 °C with a growth rate of 1.4 Å/cycle. The GaN films produced werecrystalline on Si(100) at all deposition temperatures with a near stochiometric Ga/N ratio withlow carbon and oxygen impurities. When GaN was deposited on 4H-SiC, the films grewepitaxially without the need for an AlN buffer layer, which has never been reported before. The bandgap of the GaN films was measured to be ~3.42 eV and the fermi level showed that the GaN was unintentionally n-type doped. This study shows the potential of ALD for GaN-basedelectronic devices.
Impact of small promoter amounts on coke structure in dry reforming of methane over Ni/ ZrO2
Authors: Franz Robert , Kuehlewind Tobias , Shterk Genrikh , Abou-hamad Edy , Parastaev Alexander , Uslamin Evgeny , Hensen Emiel J.M. , Kapteijn Freek , Gascon Jorge , Pidko Evgeny
Published: May 2020

Coke deposition is one of the main challenges in the commercialisation of dry reforming of methane over supported Ni catalysts. Besides the coke quantity, the structure of the deposits is also essential for the catalyst lifetime. Accordingly, in this study, we analysed the effect of Na, K, and Cs promoters on both these variables over Ni/ ZrO2 catalysts. Besides blocking the most active coke-forming sites already at low loading, the promoting effect of the alkali metals is also contributed by their coke gasification activity. To evaluate the additional impact of the latter, the behaviour of alkali-doped catalysts was compared to that for Mn-doped catalysts, exclusively featuring the site-blocking promotion mechanism. While the conversion is barely affected by the type of promoter, it has a profound effect on the amount and the composition of carbon deposits formed during the reaction. Promoting with K or Mn reduces the coke content to a similar degree but with less carbon fibres observed in the case of K. The promotion by Cs and Na results in the lowest coke content. The superior performance of Cs and Na-doped Ni/ZrO2 catalysts is attributed to the enhanced coke gasification via carbonate species on top of the site blocking effects.
Synthesis of a Zigzag Carbon Nanobelt
Authors: Cheung Kwan Yin , Watanabe Kosuke , Segawa Yasutomo , Itami Kenichiro
Published: May 2020

The structure-selective precise synthesis of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has been long sought in materials science. The aromatic molecules corresponding to segment structures of CNTs, i.e. carbon nanobelts (CNBs), have been of interest as templates for CNT growth. Although two of three types, armchair and chiral CNBs, have been synthesized recently, zigzag CNBs remain elusive. Herein we report the synthesis and isolation of a zigzag CNB. The synthesis involves an iterative Diels–Alder reaction sequence followed by reductive aromatization of oxygen-bridged moieties. As predicted by theoretical calculations, this CNB was isolated as a stable compound. The structure of the zigzag CNB was fully characterized by X-ray crystallography, and its wide energy gap with blue fluorescence properties were revealed by photophysical measurement. With synthetic strategies towards all three types of CNBs in hand, the road to the precise synthesis of CNTs can now proceed to the next stage.
Hydrothermal Synthesis and Solid-State Laser Refrigeration of Ytterbium-Doped Potassium Lutetium Fluoride (KLF) Microcrystals
Authors: Xia Xiaojing , Pant Anupum , Zhou Xuezhe , Dobretsova Elena , Bard Alex , Lim Matthew , Roh Joo Yeon , Gamelin Daniel R. , Pauzauskie Peter
Published: May 2020

Fluoride crystals, due to their low phonon energies, are attractive hosts of trivalent lanthanide ions for applications in upconverting phosphors, quantum information science, and solid-state laser refrigeration. In this article, we report the rapid, low-cost hydrothermal synthesis of potassium lutetium fluoride (KLF) microcrystals for applications in solid-state laser refrigeration. Four crystalline phases were synthesized, namely orthorhombic K2LuF5 (Pnma), trigonal KLuF4 (P3121), orthorhombic KLu2F7 (Pna21), and cubic KLu3F10 (Fm3m), with each phase exhibiting unique microcrystalline morphologies. Luminescence spectra and emission lifetimes of the four crystalline phases were characterized based on the point-group symmetry of trivalent cations. Laser refrigeration was measured by observing both the optomechanical eigenfrequencies of microcrystals on cantilevers in vacuum, and also the Brownian dynamics of optically trapped microcrystals in water. Among all four crystalline phases, the most significant cooling was observed for 10%Yb:KLuF4 with cooling of 8.6 $\pm$ 2.1 K below room temperature. Reduced heating was observed with 10%Yb:K2LuF5
A Method for Evaluating Soluble Redox Couple Stability using Microelectrode Voltammetry
Authors: Kowalski Jeffrey , Fenton Jr Alexis , Neyhouse Bertrand , Brushett Fikile
Published: May 2020

Soluble, redox-active, organic materials hold promise as charge-storage species for flow batteries; however, their stability during extended operation remains a key challenge. While a number of spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques are currently used to probe these complex and often ill-defined decay pathways, each technique has limitations, including accessibility and direct evaluation of practical electrolytes without preparatory steps. Here, we use microelectrode voltammetry to directly observe nonaqueous flow battery electrolytes, simultaneously identifying the rate of charged materials decay (reversible material loss) and total material decay (irreversible material loss). We validate this technique using ferrocene as a stable model redox couple, examine and address sources of error, and finally, demonstrate its capability by assessing the decay of a well-studied and moderately-stable substituted dialkoxybenzene [2,5-di-tert-butyl-1,4-bis(2-methoxyethoxy)benzene]. These results suggest that microelectrodes may have utility for rapid assessment of redox electrolyte state-of-charge and state-of-health, both in-operando and post-mortem.
Structure-Based Virtual Screening and Molecular Dynamics of Phytochemicals Derived from Saudi Medicinal Plants to Identify Potential COVID-19 Therapeutics
Authors: ALAMRI MUBARAK , Altharawi Ali , Alabbas Alhumaidi B. , Alossaimi Manal A. , Alqahtani Safar M.
Published: May 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected almost every country in the world by causing a global pandemic with a high mortality rate. Lack of an effective vaccine and/or antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent, has severely hampered the response to this novel coronavirus. Natural products have long been used in traditional medicines to treat various diseases, and purified phytochemicals from medicinal plants provide a valuable scaffold for the discovery of new drug leads. In the present study, we performed a computational screening of an in-house database composed of ~1000 phytochemicals derived from traditional Saudi medicinal plants with recognised antiviral activity. Structure-based virtual screening was carried out against three druggable SARS-CoV-2 targets, viral RNAdependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), 3-chymotrypsin-like cysteine protease (3CLpro) and papain like protease (PLpro) to identify putative inhibitors that could facilitate the development of potential anti-COVID-19 drug candidates. Computational analyses identified three compounds inhibiting each target, with binding affinity scores ranging from-9.9 to -6.5 kcal/mol. Among these, luteolin 7-rutinoside, chrysophanol 8-(6-galloylglucoside) and kaempferol 7-(6’’-galloylglucoside) bound efficiently to RdRp, while chrysophanol 8-(6galloylglucoside), 3,4,5-tri-O-galloylquinic acid and mulberrofuran G interacted strongly with 3CLpro, and withanolide A, isocodonocarpine and calonysterone bound tightly to PLpro. These potential drug candidates will be subjected to further in vitro and in vivo studies and may assist the development of effective anti-COVID-19 drugs.
Bis-cyclooctatetraenyl Thulium(II): Highly Reducing Lanthanide Sandwich Single Molecule Magnets
Authors: Moutet Jules , Schleinitz jules , La Droitte Leo , Tricoire Maxime , Gendron Frédéric , Simler Thomas , Clavaguéra Carine , Le Guennic Boris , Cador Olivier , Nocton Gregory
Published: May 2020

Divalent lanthanide organometallics are well known highly reducing compounds usually used for single electron transfer reactivity and small molecule activation. Thus, their very reactive nature prevented for many years the study of their physical properties, such as magnetic studies on a reliable basis. In this article, the access to rare organometallic sandwich compounds of TmII with the cyclooctatetraenyl (Cot) ligand impacts on the use of divalent organolanthanide compounds as an additional strategy for the design of performing Single Molecule Magnets (SMM). Herein, the first divalent thulium sandwich complex with f13 configuration behaving as a Single Molecule Magnet in absence of DC field is highlighted.
Norbornene-Functionalised Chitosan Hydrogels and Microgels via an Unprecedented Photo-Initiated Self-Assembly for Potential Biomedical Applications
Authors: michel Sarah , Kilner Alice , Eloi Jean-Charles , rogers Sarah E , Briscoe Wuge H. , Galan M. Carmen
Published: May 2020

Access to biocompatible self-assembled gels and microgels is of great interests for a variety of biological applications from tissue engineering to drug delivery. Here, the facile synthesis of supramolecular hydrogels of norbornene (nb)-functionalised chitosan (CS-nb) via UV-triggered self-assembly in the presence of Irgacure 2959 (IRG) is reported. The in vitro stable hydrogels are injectable and showed pH-responsive swelling behaviour, while their structure and mechanical properties could be tuned by tailoring the stereochemistry of the norbornene derivative (e.g. endo- or -exo). Interestingly, unlike other nb-type hydrogels, the gels possess nanopores within their structure, which might lead to potential drug delivery applications. A gelation mechanism was proposed based on hydrophobic interactions following the combination of IRG on norbornene, as supported by 1H NMR. This self-assembly mechanism was used to access microgels of size 100-150 nm which could be further functionalised and showed no significant toxicity to human dermofibroblast cells.
Donor Acceptor Copolymers from Cyclopentannulation Polymerizations with Dicyclopenta[cd,jk]pyrene and Dicyclopenta[cd,lm]perylene Acceptors
Authors: Uddin Ain , Plunkett Kyle
Published: May 2020

A series of donor-acceptor copolymers with dicyclopenta[cd,jk]pyrene and dicyclopenta[cd,lm]perylene acceptor units was prepared via palladium catalyzed cyclopenta-annulation reactions. The acceptor units were paired with diethynyl containing donor groups based on benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene, thieno[3,2-b]thiophene, and 4-octyl-4H-dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]pyrrole to create six polymer variants. The cyclopentannulation polymerization resulted in copolymers with molecular weights (Mn) of 6-14 kDa and broad light absorption in the visible region with band gaps of 1.38-1.85 eV. The synthetic methodology, as well as optoelectronic properties, including thin-film absorption and cyclic voltammetry, of the donor-acceptor copolymers are presented.
The use of Dimia for the treatment of premenstrual syndrome in adolescent girls
Authors: Sibirskaya Elena V , Turgunova Gulnoza M
Published: May 2020

Today, premenstrual syndrome (PMS) remains one of the relevant issues of adolescent gynecology. The difficulty in treatment of PMS in adolescent girls is associated with a large number of factors. The combination of hormonal, neuro-vegetative, metabolic, mental and emotional deviations requires a comprehensive and more differentiated approach to the treatment of this disease. Aim. Assessment of clinical efficacy and safety of using drospirenone 3 mg and ethinylestradiol 20 µg combination for the treatment of PMS in adolescent girls aged 14-18. Outcomes and methods. The study included female 50 patients who met the criteria: age of 14 to 18 years, no severe extragenital pathology, the menstrual cycle duration within 6 months - 25-32±2 days. Based on examination data, all patients were prescribed a drug containing 3 mg of drospirenone and 20 μg of ethinylestradiol. The duration of therapy was 6 months. Results. Under the drug therapy, a significant decrease in the intensity of PMS manifestations occurred. Conclusions. The use of drospirenone 3 mg and ethinylestradiol 20 µg combination for 3 months in patients with PMS has a beneficial effect on the autonomic nervous system, significantly reduces the rate of pain before and during menstruation, helps to decrease the number and intensity of menstrual flow and ultimately significantly improves the quality of patient life.
Therapeutic non-contraceptive properties of the drug containing ethinylestradiol 0.03 mg and drospirenone 3 mg
Authors: Artymuk Natalia V , Tachkova Olga A
Published: May 2020

Aim. To compare effects of the drug containing ethinylestradiol (EE) 0.03 mg and drospirenone (DRSP) 3 mg and the drug containing EE 0.02 mg and DRSP 3 mg on the skin and anthropometric parameters. Materials and methods. A prospective comparative randomized study included 40 women of reproductive age who didn’t have contraindications to use of combined oral contraceptive (COCs). The first group consisted of 20 women who were administrated EE 0.03 mg and DRSP 3 mg in the 21/7 regimen according to a prescribing information; the 2nd group included 20 patients who were administrated EE 0.02 mg and DRSP 3 mg in the 24/4 regimen according to a prescribing information. The study protocol included 8 visits: at the 0th visit, the inclusion and exclusion criteria were evaluated, at the 1st visit patient were randomized (envelope method) to receive one or another drug, at the 2nd - 7th visits (once a month) blood pressure was measured, anthropometric parameters were determined including body weight, height, waist, hips as well as body mass index, a degree of hirsutism (with Ferriman-Gallwey scale), skin and hair skin oiliness, acne (with a 10-point visual scale) were evaluated. Results. The use of EE 0.03 mg and DRSP 3 mg for 6 months did not significantly affect the body weight and body mass index, waist and hips. In the 6th month, the use of EE 0.03 mg and DRSP 3 mg lead to a statistically significant decrease in skin oiliness, severity of acne and hirsutism, which was comparable to a clinical effectiveness of EE 0.02 mg and DRSP 3 mg. Conclusions. EE 0.03 mg and DRSP 3 mg has a similar effect on skin oiliness, severity of acne and hirsutism with EE 0.02 mg and DRSP 3 mg, without significantly affecting the main anthropometric parameters. It is likely that the effect of DRSP-containing COCs on androgen levels and adipose tissue is due precisely to the effect of DRSP, and not to the dose of EE.
Estrogen metabolism: why it’s so crucial to keep the balance?
Authors: Yakushevskaya Oksana V. , Yureneva Svetlana V. , Protasova Anna E.
Published: May 2020

Aim. To analyze and systematize the available information on pathogenetic mechanisms of hormonal carcinogenesis.
Materials and methods. The review includes data from foreign articles published in PubMed and Medline and national works posted on elibrary.ru over the past 20 years.
Results. Currently, the term estrogen is often used in the context of hormonal carcinogenesis. According to most researchers, it should not fit into the narrow framework of receptor-mediated proliferation induced by estrogens in target tissues. The concept of estrobiome as a combination of all mechanisms providing the realization of estrogen effects should include not only hormones and native receptors themselves, but also the enzymes involved in their synthesis, estrogen metabolites, intestinal microbiota, as well as genetic and epigenetic factors.
Conclusions. When analyzing cancer risk, it is necessary to comprehensively assess contributing factors and hormonal-metabolic preconditions for neoplastic process.
Controversial issues of clinical, laboratory and instrumental diagnostics of ovarian tumors of reproductive women (literature review)
Authors: Podzolkova Nataliia M. , Osadchev Vasilii B. , Babkov Kirill V. , Safonova Natalia E.
Published: May 2020

The problem of differential diagnostic of benign and malignant tumors in the early stages is one of the most significant in practical gynecology. Now clear criteria for the diagnosis and screening of ovarian tumors are not developed. Early stages of disease are asymptomatic and even when first symptoms appeared, patients often dont consult a doctor or doctor doesnt recommend surgical treatment preferring dynamic observation. Modern diagnostic of ovarian tumors cant be based on one method of research and requires a whole complex of diagnostic measures which determines the individual plan of treatment in each case. The most modern methods for studying are complex using of biomarkers, including creation mathematical risk models of ovarian tumor malignancy, based on instrumental and laboratory techniques. Despite on the successes in the detection of ovarian tumors, it is needed to study new modern methods of early preoperative diagnostic in different age periods, and especially those women who planes realize reproductive function.
Needs, expectations and doubt users of hormonal contraceptives
Authors: Dikke Galina B.
Published: May 2020

Description. The review is presented by modern publications, reflecting the importance of high-quality patient counseling when choosing a method of contraception and the factors that influence it. The choice of combined oral contraceptive (COC) is determined by the need for reliable and safe contraception, expectations for an improved quality of life, and doubts about the frequency of side effects and effects on reproductive and somatic health. Modern COCs containing natural hormone (estradiol valerate), a new gestagen (dienogest) with a dynamic regime and a shortened hormone-free interval (2 days) satisfy the COC requirements of most women from menarche to menopause when contraception is required. An improvement in the profile of menstrual bleeding (a decrease in blood loss in 88% of users) and sexual functioning (increased libido, arousal, and maintaining the cyclical nature of sexual behavior) has been shown. Estradiol valerate does not affect metabolism, has a low risk of thromboembolic events (the adjusted risk of venous thromboembolism compared to other COCs is 0.4) and a low frequency of failure due to side effects (1.7%). This tool is characterized by high efficiency (adjusted Pearl index 0.42) and user satisfaction (78.180.2%).
Conclusion. COCs with estradiol valerate/dinogest in 26/2 mode, fully satisfying the requirements of women for contraception, contributes to high adherence to it, that is, consistent and correct use, which contributes to the long-term use of the selected COC and ensures the quality of life of women for many years.
Pregravid preparation, pregnancy and childbirth, especially the course of the postpartum period in patients with multiple sclerosis (literature review)
Authors: Kupina Anastasia D. , Petrov Yuriy A.
Published: May 2020

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the formation of lesions in the white matter as a result of autoimmune inflammation, neurodegeneration and demyelination and leading to severe disability of patients. Women get sick more often than men; young women of reproductive age account for about 2/3 of all MS patients. It was established that pregnancy and childbirth with MS have a beneficial effect on the course of the disease, however, patients with MS need pregravid preparation, which will reduce the risk of exacerbations. Exacerbations are observed in most cases during the first 36 months of the postpartum period, which is associated with a change in hormonal status, emotional and physical stress on the womans body, and also with the cessation of physiological immunosuppression in a pregnant woman. The analysis of modern literature sources on the issues of pregravid preparation, pregnancy and childbirth, and the features of postpartum period in multiple sclerosis, as well as new ideas concerning the disease etiology and pathogenesis. 47 literature sources (national and foreign) were analyzed using various databases (PubMed, PubMed Central, Google Scholar, UpToDate).
Preparation of endometrium for frozen embryo transfer cycles
Authors: Petrosyan Yana A. , Syrkasheva Anastasiya G. , Romanov Andrey Yu. , Makarova Nataliya P. , Kalinina Elena A.
Published: May 2020

Aim. Aim of the study was to the effectiveness of various endometrial preparation protocols in IVF frozen embryo transfer cycles.

Materials and methods. The study included 288 women, which were stratified into two groups depending on the onset of pregnancy: group 1 pregnancy + (n=92), group 2 pregnancy - (n=196). Then endometrium preparation features were evaluated.

Results. The pregnancy rate after frozen-thawed embryo transfer was a bit higher in the natural menstrual cycle (41.2%) compared to the hormonal replacement therapy (30.0%); p=0.083. There were no significant differences in the use of various estrogen and progestogen drugs, the average estrogen dose, progestogen administration and the endometrium thickness. In the natural cycle, the odds ratio of pregnancy with the duration menstrual cycle from 28 to 30 days was 4.25 (95% CI 1.15; 17.23).

Conclusion. Thus, the pregnancy rate is slightly higher in natural cycle frozen-thawed embryo transfer. However, the duration of the menstrual cycle (from 28 to 30 days) has a key effect on the effectiveness of the IVF program in this case.
Inocuidad de los alimentos y riesgo para la salud: el problema del manejo y uso de agroquímicos por pequeños agricultores de costa central en Perú
Authors: Beyer-Arteaga Alfredo , Joyo-Coronado Germán , Rodríguez-Quispe Patricia , Collantes-González Rubén Darío , Paz-Zagaceta Fernando
Published: May 2020

El presente estudio abordó la problemática del manejo y uso deficiente de pesticidas mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario a una muestra de pequeños agricultores de la costa central del Perú, esta problemática es repetitiva y preocupante en diferentes países latinoamericanos que no cuentan con una adecuada regulación de su producción agrícola para mercado interno. Los resultados indicaron el uso de plaguicidas no autorizados, debido a la falta de productos registrados recomendados, así como el incumplimiento en la dosis recomendada. Adicionalmente, la rotación de ingredientes activos por modo de acción es limitada y no se respetan los términos de carencia, agravándose en el caso de productos destinados al mercado nacional. Así mismo las recomendaciones de los periodos de reingreso y el uso del equipo de protección personal se incumplen.
Descripción y propuesta de manejo agroecológico de la subcuenca del río Babahoyo, Ecuador
Authors: Caicedo-Camposano Oscar , Dueñas-Alvarado Darío , Franco-Rodríguez John , Triana-Tomalá Ángel
Published: May 2020

La subcuenca del río Babahoyo es parte de la hidrografía de la cuenca del río Guayas puesto que el río Babahoyo junto con el río Daule son los dos afluentes que forman el gran río Guayas. Esta subcuenca recorre la zona este de la provincia de Los Ríos, comprende una superficie de 2.940,18 km2 que representa el 41,90 % del total de la subcuenca del río Babahoyo. Las características climáticas de la subcuenca del río Babahoyo son 25,5° C de temperatura media anual, con un 83% de humedad relativa, 1.050 horas de brillo solar, 1,3 m/s de velocidad del viento y una precipitación de 2.200 milímetros. La agricultura es la principal actividad económica y fuente de producción de la subcuenca del río Babahoyo. Los suelos que tienen son de usos simples o solos, y ocupan el 37% de la superficie, mientras que las coberturas y usos asociados corresponden al 47%; y otros tipos de cobertura ocupan el 16% como son: asentamientos poblados, bosques naturales e intervenidos, cultivos transitorios, cuerpos de agua, entre otros. La propuesta contempla entre otras cosas, promover una intensiva educación ambiental, un manejo adecuado de la ganadería, la conservación de la calidad de las aguas y la diversidad biológica y genética, así como reemplazar la agricultura convencional por una agricultura sustentable que incluya prácticas agroecológicas en los sistemas de cultivos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue el de caracterizar y proponer un manejo agroecológico de la subcuenca del río Babahoyo.
ANALYSIS OF PHYSICAL INDICES IN EARTHQUAKE RESILIENCE OF BABOL NEIGHBORHOODS, IRAN
Authors: Shojaee Morteza , Zare Mehdi , Akasheh Bahram , Taghizadeh Abbas Ostad , Dorostian Arezoo
Published: May 2020

In recent years, one of the most important goals of urban managers has been the planning for resilience to natural disasters, especially earthquakes. Babol, as the second most populous city of Mazandaran province in northern Iran, is exposed to earthquakes due to its proximity to two active faults, the Caspian Sea and northern Alborz. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effective physical indicators in the resilience rate of 22 neighborhoods of Babol. The research method is descriptive-analytical and applied-developmental. Accordingly, 48 effective indicators in the physical dimension were extracted and evaluated for their suitability through KMO test in consultation with experts and professors in urban planning, crisis management and earthquake. Then, the selected indices were reduced to four factors by factor analysis, which accounted for 61.9% of the variance. Among the four factors, the first factor alone accounted for 24.8% of the variance, which is the most influential factor in the study, and the fourth factor with 10.3% of the variance has the least effect. Cluster analysis was used for homogeneous classification of the neighborhoods and Babol's 22 neighborhoods were classified into 8 homogeneous groups. The results of clustering method show that about 40.9% of neighborhoods are evaluated as very poor, poor and relatively poor and in undesirable conditions in general. Also, about 18.2% of the neighborhoods are in the medium level and about 40.2% of the neighborhoods are evaluated as good, very good, excellent and very excellent levels in terms of physical resilience.
Hydraulic Conductivity Values of Soils in Different Soil Processing Conditions
Authors: ÇAL Semih , BARİK Kenan
Published: May 2020

This study was carried out to determine physical and hydraulic properties of soils under different land use conditions. For this purpose, 9 samples in total (3 samples from each of three different areas; dry farming (D), irrigated land (I) and pastureland (P)) were collected. Soil texture, pH, lime, organic matter, hydraulic conductivity, aggregate stability, bulk density, particle density and porosity were measured. Infiltration measurements were made at each sampling point in the field. However, while there was no difference between the hydraulic conductivity of the fields used for agricultural activities in dry and irrigated conditions, significant differences were determined between the pasture areas and the treated areas. Differences were determined between infiltration measurements of soils and land use status. Positive correlations between infiltration and organic matter, aggregate stability and hydraulic conductivity were obtained as well as negative correlation between bulk density and organic matter content. The lowest infiltration rate was obtained for pastureland soil and the highest infiltration rate for the irrigated land soil. Therefore, increasing the organic matter content of the local soils will make significant contributions to sustainable soil management.
The Potential of Orange Peel Oil as a Suppressor of Cell Proliferation in Animal Feed and Human Nutrition: An Experimental Study
Authors: ERHAN Muhammet Kuddusi
Published: May 2020

This study aimed to investigate the in vitro cytotoxic activities of orange peel oil on HaCaT cell lines by using an MTT cytotoxicity assay after administering orange peel oil at different doses and time-points. Our objective was to assess the in vitro cytotoxic activities of orange peel oil on HaCaT cell lines.‎ Cell viability was determined with the MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide] assays. The HaCaT cells (100 µL) were cultured in plates and treated with different concentrations of orange peel oil (25 µM, 50 µM, 100 µM, 150 µM and 200 µM) for durations of 24 and 48 hours. Cell death was determined by collecting and staining with 0.4% Trypan blue for 5 minutes at room temperature, followed by microscopic examination. There was a significant difference between the doses concerning ‎both time zones (p <0.05). There was a significant (p<0.05) difference between the control group and all other doses, including 200 µl/mL and 25 µl/mL, 50 µl/mL, 100 ‎µl/mL, and 20% DMSO. Orange peel oil showed toxic effects at all dose levels and time points when compared with the control group. According to the results of our research, and in light of previous investigations, it can be said that orange shell oil may have protective effects such as anti-cancer, anti-microbial, and antioxidant properties, and thus, may be used in human and animal nutrition.
FEATURES OF SPELT CULTIVATING ON DRAINED LANDS
Authors: Mitrofanov Yu. I. , Pugacheva L. V. , Gulyaev М. V. , Smirnova N. А.
Published: May 2020

Researches with a polba were carried out in 2017-2019 on the experimental fields of the All-Russian Research Institute of Reclaimed Lands (Tver Oblast).The effectiveness of individual agro-technical methods of adapting the technology of its cultivation to the conditions of drained lands was studied: combed ribbon-scattering method of sowing, harrowing combed crops, fertilizers. The soils of the experimental plot are soddy-podzolic, light loamy and loamy sandy, gleyous, drained by closed drainage, slightly acidic, the content of mobile phosphorus is high, exchange potassium is increased, humus is 2.32-2.70%.It has been established that in the conditions of the northwestern part of the Non-chernozem zone it is advisable to grow a polba on drained lands on ridges 40-80 mm high using an improved comb-ribbon spread method of sowing, which provides leveling of the soil surface, creation of a compacted bed and good contact of seeds with soil by pressing seed into the soil. Compared with the ordinary method of sowing, field germination of seeds increased by 22%, survival - by 17.7%, yield - by 1.19 t / ha or 68.0%. The main increase in yield on options with combed sowing method was obtained due to a significant increase in the number of stems with ears. The different regime of pressure of the rollers on the soil during sowing also influenced the biometric parameters of the crops of polba. The best results were obtained with an improved method of sowing with medium and maximum pressure rollers on the soil. Field germination of spelled seeds in these variants was 75-79%, plant survival was 61.0-63.3% or 6-10 and 3.0-5.3%, respectively, more than at the minimum pressure of the rollers. Effective methods of increasing the yield of polba is the harrowing of crops in the phase of complete tillering and the use of a moderate amount of mineral fertilizers. When combed sowing, fertilizer efficiency increases.
BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF CAULIFLOWER IN IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE
Authors: Gadzhimustapaeva Е. G.
Published: May 2020

Cauliflower is a food product highly regarded for its nutritional, taste and especially dietary properties. The studies noted that it is chemical composition depends on the growing region and on the meteorological conditions of the growing season. It were studied 36 samples of cauliflower from a new set of the VIR world collection: from Russia – 4, the Netherlands – 18, Japan – 4, 2 from Sweden and India, and one by one from Germany, Denmark, Poland, Italy, Bangladesh, Canada. Chemical analysis was implemented at the VIR Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (St. Petersburg). In the Dagestan experimental station in 2009-2011 a small-size plot experiments were laid to determine chemical indicators on a wider assortment of cauliflower – Brassica cauliflower Lizg. during the summer-autumn cultivation period. Seeds were sown in the ridges on June 15 - 20, seedlings were planted in the field on July 25-30. The registration plot area is 8.4 m2. “Ariel” variety was taken as the standard. To determine the chemical composition the samples were collected during the period when the plants reached 50-75% of the plant heads availability. Agricultural techniques of cauliflower cultivation is common for the zone of cultivation of cabbage varieties. Trial establishment and field tests were carried out in accordance with the VIR methodological guidelines; statistical data processing according to B.A.Dospekhov. Varieties and hybrids of cauliflower with a chemical composition high content: protein, sum of sugars, monosaccharides, saccharose, malic acid and soluble solids content were isolated. From the studied varieties and hybrids of cauliflower were identified plants according to a complex of economically valuable traits and productivity. These are the samples Divita F1 – 3.48 kg / m2, Minamonte F1 – 3.27, Gregor – 3.21, Casper F1 – 2.94, Lukra – 2.94, Décora F1 – 2.73, Pindus – 2, 70, Frebo F1 – 2.49 (Netherlands) and Aristo – 2.88 (Sweden), Ariel – 2.13 kg / m2.
Sanal Gerçeklik Anlatısının İzini Sürmek: Trinity VR ve Selyatağı VR Örnekleri
Authors: ERKILIÇ Hakan , DÖNMEZ Servet Can
Published: May 2020

Sanal gerçeklik, kullanıcıların bulundukları konumları ve eylemlerini 360 derece takip ederek duyusal geri bildirimler veren etkileşimli bir bilgisayar teknolojisidir. Arttırılmış gerçeklik ise gerçek görüntüler ile dijital olarak yaratılmış görüntülerin (CGI) bindirilerek kullanıldığı bir sistemdir. İlk ortaya çıktığı dönemlerde hantal ve pahalı olan sanal gerçeklik teknolojisinin dijital sinemanın gelişimi ile birlikte günümüzde gündelik kullanıcıların erişimine açılacak kadar küçülmesi ve ucuzlaması, bu teknolojinin olanaklarından daha fazla faydalanmaya başlayan alanların artmasına neden olmuştur. Temelde etkileşimli bir anlatı aracı olan sanal gerçeklik teknolojisini bu bağlamda en etkin olarak dijital oyun sektörü kullanmakla birlikte sinema anlatısının da daima hayal edilen etkileşim ve alternatif anlatı arayışları neticesinde sanal gerçeklik teknolojisinin teknik imkânlarından daha da fazla faydalanmaya başladığını söylemek yanlış olmayacaktır. Zaman ve mekân kurgusunun gerçekle olan bağı, sinemasal zaman ve mekânın kalitesi ve interaktive, bu üç temel çıkış noktasından ilk ikisi sinema anlatısının seyirciyle özdeşlik kurması ve amacına ulaşabilmesi noktasında çok büyük pay sahibidir. İnteraktivite noktasında ise sanal gerçekliğin tüm anlatıların ve sanatların hatta sinemanın da ötesinde bir noktada durduğu iddia edilebilir. Bu bağlamda şu soruların yanıtı aranmaktadır: Sanal gerçeklik teknolojisi ile sinemanın kesiştiği ve ayrıldığı noktalar? Benzerlikleri ve farklılıkları? Anlatı yapıları ve teknikleri? Yarattıkları gerçeklik algıları? Benzer soruların günümüzde daha da fazla akıllara gelmesinin temel nedeni olarak gelişen dijital teknoloji ile birlikte buna hızla adapte olan sinema teknolojisinin yaşadığı dijital dönüşüm gösterilebilir. Bu noktadan hareketle bu çalışmada öncelikle sanal gerçeklik teknolojisi ve sinemanın benzerlikleri ve farklılıkları üzerinde durularak ana akım ve büyük prodüksiyonlu yapımlara bir örnek olarak gösterilen Trinity VR (Boivin, 2018) isimli yapım ile yerli ve bağımsız yapımlara örnek olarak Selyatağı VR (Tortum, 2018) isimli sanal gerçeklik filmlerinin analizi yapılarak sanal gerçeklik teknolojisi ile değişen sinema anlatısının yapısı üzerine sorulara yanıtlar aranacaktır.
THE INFLUENCE OF SCHOOL BASED MANAGEMENT AND WORK MOTIVATION TOWARDS TEACHER’S PERFORMANCE
Authors: Lian Bukman
Published: May 2020

This study was to determine whether there was an influence of school-based management (SBM) and work motivation on the teacher’s performance of SD Negeri in Pulau Rimau. The method used was descriptive quantitative. The population used was 19 public elementary schools in Pulau Rimau and the sample was 3 schools. Data were collected using questionnaires and documentation. The results showed that there is significant influence between school-based management (SBM) and work motivation together on teacher’s performance.
MAKALAH NARKOBA DAN PENCEGAHAN
Authors: gabriellayoanda
Published: May 2020

Disekitar kita saat ini, banyak sekali zat-zat adiktif yang negatif dan sangat berbahaya bagi tubuh. Dikenal dengan sebutan narkotika dan obat-obatan terlarang. Dulu, narkoba hanya dipakai secara terbatas oleh beberapa komunitas manusia di berbagai negara. Tapi kini, narkoba telah menyebar dalam spektrum yang kian meluas. Para era modern dan kapitalisme mutakhir, narkoba telah menjadi problem bagi umat manusia diberbagai belahan bumi. Narkoba yang bisa mengobrak-abrik nalar yang cerah, merusak jiwa dan raga, tak pelak bisa mengancam hari depan umat manusia. Padahal 2.000 tahun yang lalu catatan-catatan mengenai penggunaan cocaine di daerah Andes – penggunaan terkait adat, untuk survival/bertahan hidup (sampai sekarang) menahan lapar dan rasa haus, rasa capek, bantu bernafas, sedangkan Opium digunakan sebagai sedative (penawar rasa sakit) dan aphrodisiac (perangsang). Dahulu pada banyak negara obat-obatan ini digunakan untuk tujuan pengobatan , namun seiring berjalannya waktu , penyalahgunaan napza dimulai oleh para dokter, yang meresepkan bahan bahan napza baru untuk berbagai pengobatan padahal tahu mengenai efek-efek sampingnya. Kemudian ketergantungan menjadi parah sesudah ditemukannya morphine (1804) – diresepkan sebagai anaesthetic, digunakan luas pada waktu perang di abad ke-19 hingga sekarang dan penyalahgunaan napza diberbagai negra yang sulit untuk dikendalikan hingga saat ini
tugas pert 12 sinta
Authors: amelia sinta
Published: May 2020

This article explains about the administration of a school. administration is a part of the school that functions as a support for teaching and learning activities so that it runs smoothly according to what has been planned and can be achieved as desired. This article also explains how the teacher's role as an educator in the administration of administration and how to lay out an office or school in a blind. The purpose of this article is to explain how the administration of administration in schools or offices so that educational goals can be achieved effectively.
NARKOBA DI MASYARAKAT
Authors: tobias hans
Published: May 2020

Tugas makalah tentang Narkoba di sekitar Masyarakat Indonesia