bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Apoptosis of Cardiomyocytes in Myocarditis
Authors: Zorc-Pleskovič R. , Alibegović A. , Zorc M. , Milutinović A. , Radovanović N. , Petrovič Daniel
Published: January 2025

Apoptosis of cardiomyocytes has been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of heart failure of different aetiologies. The purpose of this study is to assess the role and extent of apoptosis of cardiomyocytes in active myocarditis. Endomyocardial samples from the right ventricle of 22 patients with active myocarditis were compared with 25 traffic accident victims without a history of cardiovascular disease. Twenty-two patients fulfilled the histopathologic Dallas criteria for myocarditis. The TUNEL method and immunostaining for active caspase 3 were used for the detection of apoptosis. Immunohistochemical methods were used for the evaluation of regulators of apoptosis (p53, Bcl-2) and evaluation of interstitial cells (macrophages, T and B lymphocytes). Apoptosis of cardiomyocytes (TUNEL-positive and anti-caspase 3-positive cardiomyocytes), which was not p53-dependent, was present in 0.3 to 0.4 % (0.3 % by TUNEL method and 0.4 % by immunostaining for active caspase 3) of cardiomyocytes in active myocarditis, whereas only few apoptotic cardiomyocytes (0.0006 ± 0.002 % TUNEL-positive cardiomyocytes and 0.001 ± 0.002 % active caspase 3-positive cardiomyocytes) were found in the control group (P = 0.001). Apoptotic (TUNEL-positive and active caspase 3-positive) cardiomyocytes were found in small clusters. An increased expression of Bcl-2 was found in active myocarditis compared to the controls (P < 0.01), yet Bcl-2 failed to protect myocytes from apoptosis. We provide evidence of apoptosis of cardiomyocytes in active myocarditis, which may be involved in the development of heart failure.
Agentes y moderadores en espacios verdes urbanos: una visión multiespecies
Authors: Benjumea Mejía Diana M
Published: January 2025

En las últimas décadas, las soluciones basadas en la naturaleza (SbN) se han postulado comoestrategias clave para enfrentar los desafíos ambientales producidos por el cambio climático.Usualmente se emplean para controlar inundaciones, mitigar la polución del aire, reducir latemperatura en los edificios. Sin embargo, aunque promueven sostenibilidad ambiental, las SbNsiguen agendas de desarrollo masivo que enfatizan una visión utilitaria sobre el mundo vegetal,afectando la agencia de los administradores ambientales y los organismos vivos que constituyen elentorno natural. Este estudio, basado en observaciones etnográficas desde 2018, analiza tres tiposde SbN en Singapur: edificios que integran organismos vegetales en fachadas, parques urbanose iniciativas lideradas por comunidades en agricultura y jardinería urbana. Se postula que tanto latipología espacial como la gobernanza impactan la relación con la naturaleza, y se concluye quelos espacios liderados por comunidades manifiestan niveles altos de integridad ecológica. Comoconclusión, se propone un método multiespecie para promover una interrelación simbiótica con lanaturaleza, como medida para mitigar los efectos del Antropoceno.
Global existence for the Willmore flow with boundary via Simon’s Li–Yau inequality
Authors: Schlierf Manuel
Published: January 2025

It is well known that the Willmore flow of closed spherical immersions exists globally in time and converges if the initial datum has Willmore energy below

8
⁢
π

8\pi

, exactly the Li–Yau energy threshold below which all closed immersions are embedded.
Extending the Li–Yau inequality for closed surfaces via Simon’s monotonicity formula also for surfaces with boundary, given Dirichlet boundary conditions, one obtains an energy threshold

C
LY

C_{\mathrm{LY}}

below which surfaces with this boundary are embedded.
By a slight modification, one obtains a threshold

C
LY
rot

C_{\mathrm{LY}}^{\mathrm{rot}}

below which surfaces of revolution satisfying the boundary data have no self-intersections on the rotation axis.
With a new argument, using this modified Li–Yau inequality and tools from geometric measure theory, we show that the Willmore flow with Dirichlet boundary data starting in cylindrical surfaces of revolution exists globally in time if the energy of the initial datum is below

C
LY
rot

C_{\mathrm{LY}}^{\mathrm{rot}}

.
Moreover, given Dirichlet boundary data, we also obtain the existence of a Willmore minimizer in the class of cylindrical surfaces of revolution if the corresponding infimum lies below

C
LY
rot

C_{\mathrm{LY}}^{\mathrm{rot}}

, which improves previous results for the stationary problem.
Borrowing from French into Dutch (1500–1899): Testing the diffusion and graduality assumptions
Authors: Rutten Gijsbert , Assendelft Brenda
Published: January 2025

The paper tests two assumptions in loanword research: the diffusion assumption and the graduality assumption. The diffusion assumption holds that lexical borrowings typically gain in frequency over time and diffuse across the community. The graduality assumption implies that borrowings enter the recipient language as non-integrated code-switches and eventually integrate into the grammar of the recipient language. These assumptions are inherently diachronic and are here tested on historical data. We investigate loanwords from French as found in the Language of Leiden Corpus. This corpus comprises Dutch textual materials related to the city of Leiden. It covers the sixteenth, seventeenth, eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, and was built specifically to investigate the influence of French on historical Dutch, which is sometimes described in terms of frenchification. The corpus comprises 8,767 established lexical borrowings from French. We show that there is scant empirical evidence for the diffusion and graduality assumptions.
Alfred Robinson and Ferdinand Deppe
Authors: Brewster Michele M.
Published: January 2025

In 1831, Alfred Robinson and Ferdinand Deppe created three of the earliest iconic and idealized artistic renderings of Mission San Gabriel. Though previous artists portrayed the mission building itself as prosaic and unpolished, Robinson and Deppe centered it as a pristine and dominating feature of the natural landscape, laying the foundation for later visual renderings of California’s Spanish Fantasy Past. Robinson’s and Deppe’s privileged positions in their own societies gave them the ability to influence intellectual and political discourse through their institutional and business connections. Their art evinces intersections between trade, secularization, imperialism, and public memory, making them worthy of our scrutiny and reexamination.
Introduction
Authors: Hill Christopher , Lind Stephanie , Mantilla-Wright Silvia , Shahmehri Demetrius
Published: January 2025

In this introduction to the Journal of Sound and Music in Games’ special issue on The Sound and Music of Hades, the guest editors begin with an overview of the game’s narrative structure and gameplay mechanics, followed by a description of how the game’s narrative intersects with stylistic and formal properties of the game’s music. Several common themes emerge between the issue’s five double-blind peer-review articles and the special issue’s composer interview: composer Darren Korb’s influences from metal and how this colors his conceptualization of the game’s music as “Mediterranean prog-rock Halloween”; the game’s intertextual nature, both in its relationship to other works based on myth and in the numerous fan works it has inspired; the game’s depiction (and acceptance) of death and the afterlife and its expression in music; and the broad semiotic potential of the game. Finally, the authors introduce the composer interview by Korb.
Motivic Repetition and Pseudo-Looping in Hades as Rogue-Lite Elements
Authors: Lind Stephanie
Published: January 2025

The game Hades is often cited as an example of the rogue-lite genre, a format where players repeat gameplay levels while developing new skills and abilities to progress in the game. In the game’s music, motives are recombined and restated in a manner that suggests looping, resulting in an underlying structure of regularity of phrase and formal section. In contrast, though, this is varied by an ongoing process of rhythmic irregularity that lengthens or shortens the phrase, distorting the looping process into what will be termed a ‘pseudo-loop.’

This paper will examine how processes of local motivic variation in two tracks from Hades—“Out of Tartarus” and “Rage of the Myrmidons”—undermine the regularity of the looping process and of pulse, generating musical instabilities and negating expected regularities of meter. Such instabilities reflect parallelisms between modalities of soundtrack, gameplay, setting, and narrative. As a result, Hades is not only rogue-lite in its gameplay but also in its music. The soundtrack pulls from compositional procedures grounded in both video game music and heavy metal, a conscious choice the game’s composer, Darren Korb, makes in depicting a style he terms “Mediterranean prog-rock Halloween.”
“They Sound Hot”
Authors: Pozderac-Chenevey Sarah
Published: January 2025

The association of Supergiant Games’s Hades with bisexuality has become so commonplace online that it is the subject of memes and parody. Fan groups joke about Hades ‘turning people bi’ as well as the ‘horniness’ and ‘thirstiness’ of the game’s fanbase, and explicit fanfics and fanart of the characters are abundant online. Jen Zee’s impossibly attractive character designs befit the subjects, literal deities and mythic figures, but they alone do not explain why these millennia-old characters are suddenly the object of modern lust. The characters’ dialogue and the voice actors who brought it to life also play a major role. Furthermore, I argue that the superlative nature of Hades, the result of so much hard work at Supergiant, is not the only factor contributing to its iconic, memetic status. The paucity of positive, deliberate, unambiguous depictions of queer people and queer relationships in mainstream media meant that Hades shone all the brighter by featuring a bisexual protagonist, Zagreus, and offering the possibility of a polyamorous relationship among Zagreus, Megaera, and Thanatos. As players reconsidered their own assumed heterosexuality, the result of compulsory heterosexuality, they also formed and found online communities where others discussed their own queer awakenings.

Eros and thanatos, sex and death, are two major themes in Hades, but they are not the only ones. Love, family, honor, the importance of communication, all of these are celebrated as the player progresses through the story. Willingness to embrace both-and—and therefore queerness—rather than demand mutual exclusion lie at the heart of the narrative, as Zagreus realizes that he does not have to choose between his mothers, that he can be himself and find a role in the House, and that he can love both Megaera and Thanatos. For the players and fans, too, there is both-and as the game satisfies both narratively and ludically, visually and aurally. By presenting characters who are unabashedly beautiful and sexy to both eye and ear—characters who lie outside of modern society’s norms, in a story that is ultimately happy—Hades pierces the enforced curtain concealing the possibilities of lives unfettered by compulsory heterosexuality and biphobia. The fan community has responded by writing about how Hades has contributed positively to their own identities and by making art that celebrates the grand diversity of human sexuality.
Women in the Czech Countryside Through the View of Land Registers
Authors:   Univerzita Pardubice (Česká republika), Klvaňová Daniela
Published: January 2025

This article is an attempt to present land registers as a source through which we can look not only at the history of the rural population at overal, but also at the history of (rural) women. Some possibilities of using this source are demonstrated by the example of two Czech land registers kept for the village of Bělá. The data obtained present women in different roles and give insight into the fates and life strategies of the serf population.
A Few Remarks about Quaestor Ostiensis
Authors:   Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, Kołodko Piotr
Published: January 2025

In the history of the Roman Republic, the office of appears to be the most mysterious, and at the same time the least understood, as is evident from the scattered source materials, especially literary accounts. This does not mean, however, that quaestorship was unimportant in political life. One should bear in mind that it was the first step in an official’s career in the ancient Rome. Thus, it opened the door to the office of a praetor or a consul, the most coveted and prestigious magistracies, but of course there are known exceptions to this rule. Although the origins of quaestorship date back to the fifth century BC, the history of quaestor Ostiensis, an enigmatic official not mentioned in historical records which contained only pieces of information, primarily in literary accounts, took a very different shape. He did not appear on the pages of Roman history until the 3rd century BC. The basic facts about quaestor Ostiensis were provided by Cicero, so the analysis of this information is the primary task. The information contained in historical sources is completed in literary accounts by Velleius Paterculus and Lydus, as well as in inscriptions. Their common feature is that they are remarkably laconic, which makes it very difficult to present precisely the scope of the powers of quaestor Ostiensis and to show their possible modification in connection with the changing situation in the ancient Rome. Within the framework of the considerations presented herein, it will be necessary to grasp the historical moment when quaestor Ostiensis gave way to a new magistracy, praefectus annonae.
Dwukrotnie skazany nazistowski prokurator. Sprawy Hellmutha Hollanda przed sądami polskimi (1949–1954)
Authors:   Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach, Graczyk Konrad
Published: January 2025

The study is devoted to two criminal cases brought before Polish courts against Hellmuth Holland in connection with his function as the head of the German Prosecutor’s Office in Piotrków in the General Government. Holland was a prosecutor in proceedings before the Special Court in Piotrków, in which he filed motions for the defendants to be sentenced to death, which was then imposed and carried out. While performing his function, he abused his powers, violating the occupant’s legislation. His actions were recognized in two separate criminal proceedings, which resulted in two convictions – in the District Court in Piotrków in 1949 and in the Provincial Court in Łódź in 1954.The legal basis for the conviction was the decree of the Polish Committee of National Liberation of August 31, 1944, punishments for fascist-Nazi criminals guilty of murder and mistreatment of civilians and prisoners of war, and for traitors to the Polish nation. Because he was convicted twice and due to the severity of the punishment, Holland’s case differs from other cases of convictions of lawyers of the Third Reich for their activities in the occupied Polish territories, described in the literature so far. The study primarily uses the files of two criminal proceedings, stored in the Archives of the Institute of National Remembrance, Branch in Łódź. Archival materials from Germany were used as an aid, including the files of the proceedings against Holland in the Federal Republic of Germany, which were discontinued, and the literature on the subject. Historical and formal-dogmatic methods were used in the research. Holland’s conviction has so far been unknown in the literature, and his criminal case files have not been used scientifically.
CD40 ligand and CD40: expression, regulation and function at the maternal-conceptus interface in pigs
Authors: Yoo Inkyu , Lee Soohyung , Cheon Yugyeong , Park Tae Sub , Ka Hakhyun
Published: January 2025

In brief

The CD40 ligand–CD40 signaling system expressed at the maternal-conceptus interface in pigs is involved in regulating maternal immunity by modifying endometrial endothelial cell function during early pregnancy. This paper reveals the role of CD40 ligand–CD40 signaling at the maternal-conceptus interface in pigs.

To successfully establish and maintain pregnancy in pigs, a variety of factors must work together at the maternal-conceptus interface to form an immune environment appropriate for both the mother and the conceptus. Our transcriptomics study has shown that cluster of differentiation ligand 40 (CD40L) and its receptor CD40, which are known to play important roles in regulating cell- and antibody-mediated immunity, are expressed in the endometrium during early pregnancy. However, the roles of the CD40L and CD40 signaling system are not well understood. Therefore, we determined the expression, regulation and function of CD40L and CD40 at the maternal-conceptus interface in pigs. The endometrium expressed CD40L and CD40 mRNAs at the greatest levels on day 15 of pregnancy. The CD40L protein was localized predominantly to luminal epithelial cells on day 15 of pregnancy, and the CD40 protein was found in luminal epithelial, stromal and vascular endothelial cells in the endometrium during pregnancy. During early pregnancy, the conceptus expressed CD40 but not CD40L and chorioallantoic tissues during mid- to late pregnancy expressed both CD40L and CD40. Interferon-γ increased the expression of CD40L and CD40 in endometrial explants. CD40L increased the migration but not the proliferation of cultured porcine uterine endothelial (pENDO) cells in vitro. In addition, CD40L affected the expression of genes related to angiogenesis, cell adhesion, chemokines and immunity in pENDO cells. These results suggest that the CD40L–CD40 system might play an important role in the establishment of pregnancy in pigs by regulating endometrial endothelial cell function during the implantation period.
As autonomias indígenas na Bolívia
Authors: Pannain Rafaela N.
Published: January 2025

Este artigo analisa o processo de construção das “autonomias indígenas originário camponesas” incluídas na Constituição boliviana de 2009. O artigo aponta como obstáculos legais e políticos levaram a um tímido avanço na consolidação de governos autônomos indígenas nos primeiros dez anos após a aprovação da constituição. Não obstante a previsão legal tanto da incorporação de regras e normas estatais em estatutos autonômicos indígenas quanto do reconhecimento estatal de formas de organização comunitárias, o primeiro prevaleceu. Tal constatação não indica, contudo, a derrota do projeto de construção de autonomias indígenas, na medida em que o processo analisado deve ser entendido como uma nova etapa na longa história de enfrentamento e negociação por autonomia entre povos indígenas e o estado.
On the issue of diagnosing endothelial dysfunction, arterial stiffness and cardiovascular disorders in children with COVID-19 in outpatient settings
Authors:   SI «Ukrainian center of maternity and childhood of the NAMS of Ukraine», Kyiv, Antypkin Yu.H. , Kvashnina L.V. ,   SI «Ukrainian center of maternity and childhood of the NAMS of Ukraine», Kyiv, Ignatova T.B. ,   SI «Ukrainian center of maternity and childhood of the NAMS of Ukraine», Kyiv, Matviyenko I.N. ,   SI «Ukrainian center of maternity and childhood of the NAMS of Ukraine», Kyiv
Published: January 2025

Aim - to improve the instrumental diagnostic of endothelial dysfunction by determining arterial stiffness for the timely prevention and correction of cardiovascular disorders in children who have had COVID-19 infection in outpatient settings, and to create an algorithm for managing cardiovascular disorders.
Materials and methods. The study group completed by 70 children aged 7-14 years without chronic pathology, who were asymptomatic, mild or moderate in the course of COVID-19 infection with laboratory confirmation of the disease. The comparison group consisted of 30 children with similar age who did not have COVID-19. Structural abnormalities and cardiovascular dysfunction, as well as indicators of arterial stiffness, were investigated by echocardiography. The functional state of the medium-sized vessels’ endothelium was studied by assessing of the blood flow dynamic in the brachial artery and changes in its diameter at rest and during reactive hyperemia. Statistical processing of the obtained data was performed with application package "Statistica 10.0 for Windows" by the method of variation statistics.
Results. In children aged 7-14 years who had COVID-19 infection in an outpatient setting, endothelial dysfunction of hypoergic and paradoxical types with impaired arterial elasticity was detected. Indicators that may be markers of impaired vascular stiffness have been identified. The presence of endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness are the causes of a number of cardiovascular disorders, even if the infection is mild or moderate.
Conclusions. Flow-mediated dilatation of the brachial artery is a noninvasive method for assessing endothelial function and endothelium-dependent vasodilator response to increased blood flow-related stress. Endothelial dysfunction is associated with increasing of vascular stiffness, which was proven in the present study. The determination of flow-mediated dilatation of the brachial artery should be supplemented by the studying of arterial stiffness (systolic and diastolic aortic diameters, distensibility, and arterial tension). Based on results of study, an algorithm for the diagnosis and follow-up of children who have suffered COVID-19 infection in outpatient settings aimed at early detection of cardiorespiratory system disorders, has been developed.
The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent of the child and child's parents was obtained for the research.
No conflict of interest was declared by the authors.
O pewnych ideach teorii typów obecnych w niektórych teoriach mnogości
Authors: Karolczak Cezary
Published: January 2025

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Development support groups’ contribution towards professional development of teachers through a training needs analysis
Authors: Ngema Millicent
Published: January 2025

Training needs analysis assists in identifying the kind of training that an individual employee needs and ensures that the training addresses any existing problems. The South African Department of Basic Education has made different provision for professional development of Foundation Phase teachers. One of them is the support that should be provided by the development support group (DSG) as part of the integrated quality management system (IQMS). The aim of the study reported on here was to explore the role of the DSGs in identifying professional development needs of teachers and the provision of relevant support. An observation-based qualitative study was undertaken to investigate how the DSGs identified professional development needs of teachers with the purpose of offering appropriate support. Five DSGs from 5 schools were purposefully selected to provide rich information about the issue under study. A case study approach was used to gain an in-depth understanding of the process. The findings reveal that needs analysis was not effectively executed since most DSGs combined different IQMS processes on the same day rather than allowing time between the evaluation and the review. I recommend that the role of the DSGs be reviewed and strengthened, and their activities be properly monitored to produce the envisaged teacher development.
Modeling and optimization of small-scale soft magnetic robots for enhanced locomotion
Authors: Landarani Mohammad , Sadedel Majid , Karamooz Mahdiabadi Morteza
Published: January 2025

Small-scale soft robots are vital in medical scenarios requiring access to confined spaces. This study explores motion optimization for such robots, emphasizing magnetically responsive materials that enable shape changes through controlled magnetic fields. These materials provide robots with versatile and agile locomotion capabilities. Using genetic algorithms, we present a novel approach to optimize magnetic field parameters and robot dimensions. In magnetic field optimization, the results validate prior experimental observations while providing new insights into determining optimal magnetic field characteristics for walking motions. Deviations from optimal magnetic field magnitudes directly affect walking velocity, revealing a nonlinear relationship between magnetic fields and locomotion speed, diverging from linear modeling results. Furthermore, we find that both excessively low and high robot heights hinder walking speed: lower heights reduce surface friction, while higher heights compromise agility. This comprehensive optimization strategy advances the capabilities of small-scale soft magnetic robots. Our work in motion modeling and optimization enhances the understanding of these robots’ dynamics and unlocks new possibilities for deployment in complex environments. These findings reaffirm the significance of soft robots in medical and confined-space applications, offering a robust foundation for further innovations in this evolving field.
La escritura borrada de las mujeres. Itinerarios lectores inclusivos y (re)construcción del canon poético / The erased writing of women. Inclusive reading itineraries and (re)construction of the poetic canon
Authors: Sánchez-García Remedios , Aparicio-Durán Pablo
Published: January 2025

This article deals with the way in which patriarchal structures have silenced women's poetic discourse in spanish’s 20th century, perpetuating the secular models of tradition. The theoretical starting point shows how the literary canon has been constructed on the basis of history and the dominant ideology in order to promote its dissemination through the school canon reproduced in the didactic materials used in literary education. Once the research problem has been defined, the new situation is addressed as a result of the legal implementation of the LOMLOE in Andalucía, suggesting strategies to create original, relevant and innovative reading itineraries in order to work on the reality of 20th century poetry in a meaningful way, also favouring education in values such as respect for gender equality. The aim is to integrate into the baccalaureate curriculum significant female authors who, despite their quality and value, have been overshadowed even though they should legitimately be included in order to compose a valid textual corpus that responds to the truth of the historical-literary, seeking exclusively to improve the training of readers.
Extraction and Measurement of Polyphosphate and Inorganic Phosphorus from Microalgae Samples v1
Authors: Hu Ying-Yu , V. Finkel Zoe
Published: January 2025

Polyphosphate and inorganic phosphate are extracted by hot Tris buffer. After centrifugation, 500 uL of extract is used for inorganic phosphate measurement, 200 uL of extract is used for polyP extraction sufficiency test. Testing the number of treatment rounds necessary to extract all polyP is crucial. However, even when collecting samples from the same field location or cultivation condition, there can be high variability in treatment rounds among replicates, leading to significant background fluorescence and rendering the polyP from the sample undetectable. This challenge is especially prominent when measuring polyP from field samples. Limited sample availability and insufficient polyP extraction, combined with high background fluorescence, make the laborious measurement unpredictable and hinder accurate polyP measurement. This obstacle is a significant hurdle in polyP measurement. In our assay, we overcome the challenge by validating the sufficiency of extraction for each sample and then measuring the polyP values. The utilization of DAPI-based fluorometric estimation for polyphosphate (polyP) analysis from microalgae involves evaluating the fluorescence of DAPI-stained samples in quartz cuvettes using a spectrofluorometer. To reduce the consumption of reagent, time, and labor while minimizing DAPI photobleaching, we have adapted this method to a 96-well black microtiter plate with a black film-covered lid. Additionally, the calculation method has been modified to account for matrix effects in microplates. To conduct the polyP assay, roughly 400 uL RNase, 400 uL DNase, and 700 uL proteinase are required for four samples. Inorganic P is measured by molybdate/ascorbic acid/sulphuric acid reagent following Chen et al. (1956).
Análisis de las frecuencias léxicas nominales, adjetivales y adverbiales presentes en escritos de estudiantes universitarios de la clínica de escritura de la Facultad de Psicología de la UASLP
Authors: Pérez Durán Marco Antonio , Rojas Corona Ma. Guadalupe
Published: January 2025

This lexical-statistical study (quantitative descriptive and contrastive) focuses on the analysis of the lexical frequency of nominal, adjectival and adverbial words of 68 productions written by university students who attended the Writing Clinic of the Faculty of Psychology of the Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, Mexico, before the COVID-19 pandemic period. For the analysis, the free computing program Ant Conc, the mathematical formulas Percentage of words (pv) and Formula of notional words (pn) were used (López Morales, 2011). The results indicate that, of the 100 words obtained from students' writings, 10 words appear among the first 50 positions of the specialized corpus Academic Vocabylary in Psychology Articles: A Corpus-Based Study (2020), which contains 1526 Psychology words and is used for contrast.
La variación diatópica del léxico
Authors: Weber Elodie
Published: January 2025

Certain lexical pairs (agregar/añadir, elegir/escoger, trozo/pedazo, etc.) are never mentioned in the studies of traditional dialectology or linguistic geography studies devoted to geosynonyms with different frequences of use. The terms that make up these pairs have the particularity of offering very slight denotative nuances linked to the existence of several meanings. The examination, using the CORPES XXI electronic corpus, of the frequencies of use of agregar and añadir shows that these verbs are indeed subject to diatopic variations, and that these variations concerns two acceptions of the verb in particular The same analysis should be carried out with the other pairs mentioned above to see if they form a coherent set from the point of view of diatopic variation, and to identify possible causes.
Microwave unit for continuous heat treatment of poultry muscle stomachs
Authors: Poruchikov Dmitry V. , Prosviryakova Mariana V. , Tikhonov Alexander A. , Fedorov Maxim E.
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND: The volume of processed chicken muscle stomachs as meat raw materials in Russia is 0.1-0.15 million tons per year. Therefore, the implementation of microwave technology for heat treatment of such raw materials is relevant.
OBJECTIVE: Development of a radio-proof unit with a conical resonator for heat treatment of poultry muscle stomachs in continuous operation at high electric field strength in farm conditions.
METHODS: The raw material is chicken muscle stomachs. The innovative idea is that the muscular stomach as a multicomponent raw material, pre-crushed with an electrically driven grating disc, is grinded with the abrasive coils of an electrically driven auger during dielectric heating in continuous mode in a conical resonator, ensuring high electric field strength and electromagnetic safety by truncating the cone at the critical surface level. The study of the raw materials heating temperature was carried out using the Testo 845 infrared thermometer, and the distribution of the electric field in the resonator was carried out in the CST Microwave Studio 2018 software.
RESULTS: In a conical resonator, where a grating disk is installed under the base with a gap of no more than a quarter of the wavelength, a fluoroplastic electrically driven auger with screws coated with an abrasive material is installed coaxially. The diameters of the screws change with the change in the diameter of the resonator. The resonator is truncated at the critical section level. The results of a study of the dynamics of dielectric heating of a chicken muscular stomach at specific capacities of 3.3–7 W/g show that they will be cooked in 3–4 minutes. The specific energy costs for heat treatment of raw materials in the unit with a power consumption of 4.15 kW and a capacity of 30 kg/h are 0.14 kWh/kg. The intrinsic Q−factor of the resonator is 77200, the electric field strength is 4–5 kV/cm.
CONCLUSIONS: A new design solution for a radio-tight installation containing a truncated conical resonator, a grinding disk made of non-ferromagnetic material, a fluoroplastic screw with an electric drive, the screw pitch of which is no more than two depths of wave penetration into the raw material, made it possible to create a design of a working chamber for the heat treatment of avian muscles stomachs in a continuous mode at high electric field strength in farm conditions.
La concepción ontológica de lo justo y la justicia como fundamento para la construcción de una filosofía política y del derecho para América Latina
Authors: Monroy Pamplona Luis Enrique , Orrego-Echeverría Israel Arturo
Published: January 2025

The ontological conception of justice has evolved significantly from ancient Western thought to contemporary ideas in Latin America, especially in the context of Abya-Yala. In ancient Greece, thinkers like Heraclitus and Parmenides proposed justice as a dynamic equilibrium and a set of universal principles, respectively. This duality served as a foundation for reflecting on social justice in the region. During the modern era, philosophers such as John Locke and Immanuel Kant redefined justice in terms of individual rights and morality. Kant, with his categorical imperative, and Rousseau, with his emphasis on the general will, introduced visions that highlighted the importance of citizen participation. This shift towards a social construction of justice was consolidated by thinkers like Hegel, who saw justice as a dialectical process.
In Latin America, justice has been reinterpreted by thinkers like Enrique Dussel and Rodolfo Kusch, who critique Western notions and advocate for an ethics of  “Buen Vivir“ (Good Living). Dussel proposes a justice that emerges from the recognition of historically silenced voices, while Kusch emphasizes the importance of cultural and community particularities. This ontological transformation challenges Eurocentrism, promoting an approach that respects indigenous worldviews. The inclusion of the Abya-Yala worldview in the 2009 Political Constitution of Bolivia is a milestone in this process, recognizing the self-determination of indigenous peoples and the Mother Earth as an entity with rights. This approach integrates an ecological and cultural perspective, laying the foundations for a philosophy of law that prioritizes inclusive justice.
Effective management of multiple pilonidal sinuses using the sinus laser closure technique: a case report
Authors: Maniranjan Nobby , Hood Mitesh Mohan
Published: January 2025

Pilonidal sinus disease (PSD) is a prevalent condition that significantly affects young adults, particularly males. Despite the variety of treatment options proposed for managing this condition, a definitive gold standard has yet to be established. This case report details the management of multiple pilonidal sinuses in a 22-year-old male using the sinus laser closure (SiLaC) technique, a minimally invasive surgical approach. The patient presented with pain, discharge, and multiple sinus openings in the natal cleft, which had persisted for six months. Imaging studies confirmed the presence of multiple fluid-filled sinus tracts without abscess formation. The SiLaC procedure successfully obliterated the sinus tracts, resulting in rapid recovery and minimal postoperative complications. his case highlights the effectiveness of SiLaC in treating complex pilonidal disease and underscores its potential as a preferred treatment modality in similar cases. Future recommendations include larger studies to further validate these findings and explore long-term outcomes.
The British Unions of 1536—1603 and Сomposite Monarchy
Authors: Fyodorov Sergey
Published: January 2025

The British unions form a unique phenomenon of the insular world which has predestined main particularities of the British composite monarchy not only in the Early Modern period but also during forthcoming centuries. Owing to these unions a particular type of the British statehood has developed including a particular variety of its territorial composites. Among these composites, the Welsh and Irish models were immediate projections of the Tudor imperial project. At that the Scottish union, directly associated with the Tudor imperial program, reopened clear perspectives for a further modernization of composite monarchy in the long 18th century. By its nature the British unions of 1536—1543, 1542 and 1603 were all personal which made a very certain impact on the process of realization of the sovereignty rights of the English and later the British crown. By its functional peculiarities the unions can be classified as inclusive (Wales) and exclusive (Ireland and Scotland). While the inclusive unions eliminated any form of the agency, the exclusive ones allowed at least the territorial and administrative autonomy.
The House of Montfort’s War for the Breton Succession and Their Alliance with England
Authors: Kalmykova Elena
Published: January 2025

Many aristocratic Bretons acquired land possessions in England after the Norman Conquest. In the middle of the 12th century, Conan of Penthièvre, the earl of Richmond in England, inherited the Duchy of Brittany from his grandfather, and so created the dual vassal ties with the English and French crowns for his descendants. This article focuses on the war for the Breton crown (1341—1365), in which the rivals Charles of Blois and John of Montfort relied on the support of the French and English kings respectively. In 1341 John IV of Montfort recognised Edward III as his lord not only for his English possessions but also for Brittany. It was the arrival of English military units that allowed the supporters of the House of Montfort to wage a successful war against their opponents. However, the small numbers of soldiers sent from England (which explain why the Montfort camp failed to achieve a decisive victory) show that Brittany was not of central importance to Edward III. Moreover, in 1353 the English king was ready to acknowledge Charles of Blois as the Duke of Brittany on the condition of “eternal alliance”. After the end of the war for the Breton crown, John V of Montfort recognized Charles V Valois as the French King (which coincided with the conditions of the Anglo-French Treaty of Brétigny in 1360), but also retained an amicable relationship with the King of England.
The Creator of the Utrecht Union in the Shadow of the “Father of the Nation”: Count Jan van Nassau
Authors: Shatokhina-Mordvintseva Galina
Published: January 2025

The purpose of the article is to generate the researchers’ interest for a unique and practically unexplored source of the period of the Dutch Revolution of the 16th century — the “Union of Utrecht” (1579). Based on the published original text, the author analyzes the articles of the document, divides them into groups and gives a description of each of them. For the first time in Russian historiography, considerable attention is paid to the personality of William I of Orange’s younger brother, Jan van Nassau (John VI of Nassau-Dillenburg,1536—1606). In 1578—1581 he held the post of stadhouder of the Netherlands regions of Geldern and Zutphen and played a crucial role in the preparation and adoption of the Union of Utrecht on January 23, 1579, the participants of which pledged to conduct joint military operations until the victorious end and fight for the independence of the Netherlands from Spain. This military-political Union of the northern Netherlands provinces, originally conceived as a temporary agreement, and not as a constitution of a new state, eventually became the legal basis of the Republic of the United Provinces, and the Union of Utrecht is one of the most important documents in the history of the Netherlands.
Early News about the Rus in Arab-Persian Sources: Geography of Knowledge
Authors: Konovalova Irina
Published: January 2025

The paper is devoted to the analysis of references to the Rus of the 6th — 7th centuries in medieval Arab-Persian sources — the works of Balʽami, al-Thaʽalibi, Zahir ad-Din Marʽashi, as well as in Dagestan historical works. The same context of references to the Rus of the 6th — 7th centuries (their participation, along with the Khazars and Turks, in military clashes with the Sasanian and then Arab troops in the Caucasus) in these sources allows us to suppose that the idea of the Rus, who acted in concert with the Khazars even during the time of the Sassanids, first recorded in Balʽami’s work, continued for a long time exist in the local historical and mythological-epic tradition of the peoples of the Caspian region. The area of existence of information about the Rus in the 6th — 7th centuries and their close relations with the Khazars allows us to assert that the sources of this kind of data were related to the fact that by the middle of the 10th century the ethnonym Rus in Islamic literature ceased to be explained through the term Saqaliba and acquired an independent meaning.
Foreign Languages in the Practice of the Aptekarskii Prikaz (Apothecary Chancery): Formal and Informal Interactions of Native Speakers in Early Modern Russia
Authors: Khudin Kirill
Published: January 2025

The article is devoted to the diversity of languages recorded in the written sources of the Apothecary Chancery (Aptekarskii Prikaz). The sources are mainly historical sources containing autographs of foreigners. In addition to medical recipes, which use professional medical terminology, domestic written records, which contain foreigners' autograph endorsement of statement in criminal cases, as well as salary receipt voucher. The cases of communication between doctors and patients belonging to fundamentally different language groups are considered as a separate research problem. Hypotheses are put forward about the circumstances and mechanisms of such interactions and the role of intermediaries (translators). The peculiarities of interpenetration of languages are considered: foreigners' use of Russian words and borrowings into Russian of words of Latin and Greek origin.
Symbol of the Case-Hardened: Camouflage Uniform of Soviet Military Adisors in Angola in 1975—1992
Authors: Pisarev Alexey
Published: January 2025

The camouflage uniform in the Soviet army as the main type of everyday military uniform was introduced in the late 80s, and before that it was issued only to Special forces, Airborne and Marine Corps recon. The camouflage of the Soviet military was clearly associated with the concept of “elite”. Camouflage uniforms could not simply be bought at the military trade, camouflage was issued from warehouses and strictly taken into account. Foreign camouflage was completely unattainable for the Soviet military. Thus, the Angolan camouflage for the Soviet military was: 1) the subject of military fashion; 2) the subject of scarcity; 3) a marker of belonging to the “outbound” — a group of Soviet citizens allowed to work abroad (a kind of elite of Soviet society); 4) a marker of a high level of personal entrepreneurial and everyday acumen — a real sign of the experienced.
Dmitri Trofimovich Shepilov and His Research on the Social History of Yakutia
Authors: Telitsyn Vadim
Published: January 2025

The article analyzes the research position of D. T. Shepilov, presented in his little-known works of the 1920s, devoted to the historical features of destructive social phenomena, as well as the so-called “customary law” in one of the eastern regions of Russia — Yakutia of the late 19th — early 20s centuries. Dmitri Trofimovich Shepilov is known as a Soviet statesman and politician, as a participant in the Great Patriotic War of 1941—1945 (who passed all the stages — from private to major general), as the author of the first Soviet textbook on political economy, as Minister of Foreign Affairs and, most importantly, as “joined” the anti-party group of Molotov—Malenkov—Kaganovich. It is widely known how he was removed from all his government posts in 1957 for participation in the anti-party group and how he spent the rest of his life seeking his rehabilitation. However, D. T. Shepilov is completely unknown as a historian, jurist, and sociologist, since his work in these scientific fields dates back to the 1920s and remains little known to a modern researcher.
Power-and-Trading Corporation as a Colonial Instrument in the East: British Experience in Comparative Perspective
Authors: Fursov Kirill
Published: January 2025

The article attempts to make primary comparative analysis of organizations called by the author power-merchants. The task of these capitalist corporations with dual politico-economic nature from several West European countries was to integrate large swathes of Asia, Africa and Oceania into the world capitalist system. The first “wave” of power-merchants comprised the East India Companies of the 17th — mid-19th centuries, while the second — “imperialism on the cheap” corporations of late 19th — mid-20th centuries. The author concludes about the similarity of these structures in the spheres of goal-setting, methods, political and partly economic results of their activity, as well as about the differences between them in the character of their relations with their own state and Oriental polities, in the duration of their administrative functions and partly in the economic results. Seen in the light of the Marxist theory and the world-system approach, the two groups of firms are analysed as steps in the development of organizational forms of capitalism and colonialism.
To the Discussion of Historical Politics in Russia
Authors: Iakovlev Matvey
Published: January 2025

The article is an attempt to assess the potential of historical politics in contemporary Russia in the context of the Decree of the President of Russia dated May 08, 2024 “On Approval of the Foundations of the State Policy of the Russian Federation in the field of historical enlightenment”, and the tasks set in this document. Using the example of countries where historical politics was actively pursued — Poland and, to a lesser extent, Turkey, the author shows that the statement about the high effectiveness of historical policy for the consolidation of society is at least partly false, on the contrary, historical policy often provokes an internal conflict and, therefore, hardly contributes to the achievement of the tasks of historical education set by the president. On the contrary, the author sees the future of historical enlightenment in building a healthy memorial culture based on the synergy of historical studies, the education system and amateur cultural and historical projects that are gaining popularity in contemporary Russia.
The British Dominions and the Politics of Locarno in 1920s
Authors: Rodin Denis
Published: January 2025

In October 1925, Great Britain became a participant in the Western European security system through signing the Locarno Treaties. However, the British Dominions, whose independence had noticeably increased after the First World War, refused to join the Rhineland Pact. They explained their refusal with their reluctance to take on obligations that could involve them again in a major European conflict that did not directly affect their interests. Thus, the Dominions not only took another step towards gaining full sovereignty, as evidenced by the results of the Imperial Conference of 1926, but also imposed certain restrictions on the Locarno policy implemented by the European powers in the second half of the 1920s. Without the support of the Dominions, London was inclined to limit its obligations towards European countries, which significantly reduced the effectiveness of the Locarno security regime.