bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Should patients with non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer discontinue fibrin clot inhibitors during bacille Calmette–Guérin?
Authors: Lobo Niyati , Hensley Patrick J. , Bree Kelly K. , Nogueras‐Gonzalez Graciela M. , Navai Neema , Dinney Colin P. , Kamat Ashish M.
Published: December 2021

Objective

To determine the impact of fibrin clot inhibitor (FCI) use on oncological outcomes in a large contemporary cohort of patients with non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) treated with adequate bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG).

Patients and Methods

We performed an Institutional Review Board‐approved review of patients with NMIBC treated with adequate intravesical BCG, at our institution between 2000 and 2018. FCI use at the time of BCG therapy was recorded for each patient. Patients were stratified according to use of FCI medication. Recurrence‐ and progression‐free survival were analysed using Kaplan–Meier methods and Cox proportional hazard models.

Results

Overall, 226 of 526 patients (43.0%) used a FCI: aspirin (205), clopidogrel (38), warfarin (18) and novel oral anticoagulant (NOAC; seven). The use of FCIs did not adversely affect either recurrence‐ or progression‐free survival (P = 0.385 and P = 0.131, respectively). These results did not change when the impact of aspirin, clopidogrel or warfarin/NOAC use on recurrence and progression was evaluated separately. On multivariate analysis, FCI use was neither associated with tumour recurrence nor progression.

Conclusion

The use of FCIs was not associated with adverse oncological outcomes in a large contemporary cohort of patients receiving adequate intravesical BCG for NMIBC. Based on these results, FCIs may be safely continued during BCG immunotherapy.
Patterns of ice recession and ice stream activity for the MIS 2 Laurentide Ice Sheet in Manitoba, Canada
Authors: Gauthier Michelle S. , Breckenridge Andy , Hodder Tyler J.
Published: December 2021

Reconstruction of deglacial ice margins provides insights into the demise of past ice sheets and ice‐marginal lakes and helps to understand how former ice sheets responded to climate change. Here, we reconstruct deglacial Laurentide Ice Sheet margins across Manitoba (Canada), a dynamic region that in MIS 2 spanned from an inner core region of the Keewatin dome to the periphery of the ice sheet (~900 km north of the Last Glacial Maximum limit). The area was also overrun by ice flowing from both the Quebec‐Labrador dome and the Hudson Bay Ice Saddle. The surficial landscape of Manitoba contains inherited relict and palimpsest glacial landscapes, which need to be separated from deglacial features. Ice‐impounded glacial Lake Hind was present in southwest Manitoba at 13.0 cal. ka BP, meaning most of Manitoba was covered by ice at the start of the Younger Dryas. Northwest drainage of glacial Lake Agassiz in front of the Highrock Lake–Cree Lake moraine could have occurred near the end of the Younger Dryas, prior to 11.5 cal. ka BP, though the volume of the lake varies greatly depending on ice‐margin reconstructions. Our interpretation is incompatible with the hypothesis that Lake Agassiz drainage to the Arctic Ocean triggered the Younger Dryas climatic cooling. Numerous ice streams developed across central and southern Manitoba during deglaciation, including the Souris, Red River, The Pas, Hayes and Quinn Lake. The dominant ice source was from the north early in deglaciation, switching to the northeast with growth of the Hudson Bay Ice Saddle and then back to the north again with demise of the saddle. The ice‐margin ages are largely unconstrained, and thus we are unable to accurately assign climatic drivers to various ice stream events. Nonetheless, we record the development and demise of terrestrial ice streams over both hard‐bed and soft‐bed substrates.
Many losers and a few winners: The impact of COVID‐19 on Canadian industries and regions
Authors: Slade Margaret E.
Published: December 2021

COVID‐19 has affected all industrial sectors and regions of the world and, in many cases, the impact has been devastating. Nevertheless, there are large differences across sectors and regions, with a few winners as well as many losers. This paper assesses the impact of the first wave of the virus on Canadian industries and provinces in the short and medium run. In particular, time series forecasting models for 39 three‐digit industries in each of the 10 provinces are estimated and used to predict post‐lockdown losses: percentage differences between forecast and observed economic activity. Econometric analysis of the estimates is then used to quantify and rank industries and provinces in terms of short‐ and medium‐term losses and gains. Provincial ranks are then compared with the stringency of provincial economic restrictions.
LS‐106, a novel EGFR inhibitor targeting C797S, exhibits antitumor activities both in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Liu Yingqiang , Lai Mengzhen , Li Shan , Wang Yanan , Feng Fang , Zhang Tao , Tong Linjiang , Zhang Mengge , Chen Hao , Chen Yi , Song Peiran , Li Yan , Bai Gang , Ning Yi , Tang Haotian , Fang Yan , Chen Yi , Lu Xiaoyun , Geng Meiyu , Ding Ke , Yu Ker , Xie Hua , Ding Jian
Published: December 2021

With the wide clinical use of the third‐generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor osimertinib for the treatment of EGFR‐mutated non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), acquired resistance caused by EGFR C797S tertiary mutation has become a concern. Therefore, fourth‐generation EGFR inhibitors that could overcome this mutation have gained increasing attention in recent years. Here, we identified LS‐106 as a novel EGFR inhibitor against C797S mutation and evaluated its antitumor activity both in vitro and in vivo. In cell‐free assay, LS‐106 potently inhibited the kinase activities of EGFR19del/T790M/C797S and EGFRL858R/T790M/C797S with IC50 values of 2.4 nmol/L and 3.1 nmol/L, respectively, which was more potent than osimertinib. Meanwhile, LS‐106 exhibited comparable kinase inhibitory effect to osimertinib on EGFRL858R/T790M and wild‐type EGFR. Results from cellular experiments demonstrated that LS‐106 potently blocked the phosphorylation of EGFR C797S triple mutations in the constructed BaF3 cells that highly expressed EGFR19del/T790M/C797S or EGFRL858R/T790M/C797S, and thus inhibited the proliferation of these cells. We also constructed tumor cells harboring EGFR19del/T790M/C797S (named PC‐9‐OR cells) using the CRISPR/Cas9 system and found that LS‐106 markedly suppressed the activation of EGFR19del/T790M/C797S and the proliferation of PC‐9‐OR cells. Moreover, cells harboring EGFR19del/T790M/C797S underwent remarkable apoptosis upon LS‐106 treatment. In vivo experiments further demonstrated that oral administration of LS‐106 caused significant tumor regression in a PC‐9‐OR xenograft model, with a tumor growth inhibition rate (TGI) of 83.5% and 136.6% at doses of 30 and 60 mg/kg, respectively. Taken together, we identified LS‐106 as a novel fourth‐generation EGFR inhibitor against C797S mutation and confirmed its preclinical antitumor effects in C797S–triple‐mutant tumor models.
Ischemia–reperfusion injury suggestive of chronic mesenteric ischemia: Real‐time capture by colonoscopy
Authors: Kazama Tomoe , Yamano Hiro‐o , Nakase Hiroshi
Published: December 2021

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Population genomics of free‐ranging Great Plains white‐tailed and mule deer reflects a long history of interspecific hybridization
Authors: Combe Fraser J. , Jaster Levi , Ricketts Andrew , Haukos David , Hope Andrew G.
Published: December 2021

Hybridization is a natural process at species‐range boundaries that may variably promote the speciation process or break down species barriers but minimally will influence management outcomes of distinct populations. White‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) have broad and overlapping distributions in North America and a recognized capacity for interspecific hybridization. In response to contemporary environmental change to any of one or multiple still‐unknown factors, mule deer range is contracting westward accompanied by a westward expansion of white‐tailed deer, leading to increasing interactions, opportunities for gene flow, and associated conservation implications. To quantify genetic diversity, phylogenomic structure, and dynamics of hybridization in sympatric populations of white‐tailed and mule deer, we used mitochondrial cytochrome b data coupled with SNP loci discovered with double‐digest restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing. We recovered 25,018 SNPs across 92 deer samples from both species, collected from two regions of western Kansas. Eight individuals with unambiguous external morphology representing both species were of hybrid origin (8.7%), and represented the product of multi‐generational backcrossing. Mitochondrial data showed both ancient and recent directional discordance with morphological species assignments, reflecting a legacy of mule deer males mating with white‐tailed deer females. Mule deer had lower genetic diversity than white‐tailed deer, and both mitochondrial and nuclear data suggest contemporary mule deer effective population decline. Landscape genetic analyses show relative isolation between the two study regions for white‐tailed deer, but greater connectivity among mule deer, with predominant movement from north to south. Collectively, our results suggest a long history of gene flow between these species in the Great Plains and hint at evolutionary processes that purge incompatible functional genomic elements as a result of hybridization. Surviving hybrids evidently may be reproductive, but with unknown consequences for the future integrity of these species, population trajectories, or relative susceptibility to emerging pathogens.
Messages about Foods in HarryPotterandtheSorcerer’sStone: Considering their Implications for Youth Health
Authors: Descartes Lara , Goldman Jane A.
Published: December 2021

This paper explores messages about foods in Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone, the first book of J. K. Rowling’s popular Harry Potter series. This book is widely read by today’s youth, and as such, the food‐related content may help shape their expectations about what foods are desirable. Of interest was how frequently nutrient‐dense and nutrient‐poor foods are depicted, and with what associated affect, whether positive, neutral, or negative. All mentions of foods and beverages in the book were identified, counted, and coded into broader categories such as sweets, vegetables, and alcoholic and nonalcoholic beverages. Each food reference was coded for affect. The food category most frequently depicted, and most often with positive affect, was sweets. Other foods, such as vegetables, were depicted less frequently and less often with positive affect. The implications of these food messages to preadolescents’ and adolescents’ health are considered.
The Top 10 Full Text Downloaded Articles in FCSRJ during 2020
Authors: DeVaney Sharon A.
Published: December 2021

This list was published in the 2021 Wiley Blackwell Publishing Annual Report for this journal. The list of the top 10 full text downloaded articles includes five articles in Apparel, Textiles and Merchandising, three papers in Housing and Interior Design, and two papers in Family Studies. Several of the authors have won awards.
Exploring the Antecedents of Iranian College Students’ Residential Satisfaction using Structural Equation Modeling
Authors: Nazarpour Mohammad‐Taghi , Norouzian‐Maleki Saeid
Published: December 2021

By living far away from the family, college students lose social support from their families, and therefore, they may feel loneliness, and lack of attachment to the new environment. The main objective of this study was to investigate the factors affecting residential satisfaction (RS) of students living in dormitories. A survey was developed and distributed to 850 students of the dormitory of Shahid Beheshti University in Tehran, Iran. After the data had been cleaned, the statistical analyses were conducted on 622 residents of the dormitory. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) were utilized to capture the complex relationships among related constructs. The results revealed that the main factors that influenced RS were social relations and nature relatedness. The results confirmed the positive and significant effect of controllability and security on RS.
Modelling the impacts of climate change on skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) in the Mozambique Channel
Authors: Nataniel Anildo , Pennino Maria Grazia , Lopez Jon , Soto Maria
Published: December 2021

Skipjack tuna play a significant role in global marine fisheries and are of particular interest for socio‐economy in the tropical waters of the Mozambique Channel. However, human‐induced climate change has been leading to a reduction and reallocation of biomass, along with other ecological changes, thereby creating a feedback loop with negative socio‐economic consequences for fisheries‐reliant coastal communities. The objective of this study was to predict the potential skipjack tuna fishing grounds by 2050 and 2100. To that end, skipjack tuna catch data were collected from Spanish purse seine fleets, and subsequently, generalized additive models were used to model these data against a combination of environmental variables and future pathway projections from BIO‐ORACLE models under optimistic (RCP2.6) and pessimistic (RCP8.5) scenarios. Both optimistic and pessimistic scenarios by 2050 predicted that the potential fishing grounds will relocate southward from tropical to more temperate waters, with moderate shifts in the potential fishing grounds of purse seines to the latitude >16°S, whereas the pessimistic scenario predicted higher displacement catches of purse seines in the southernmost part (>24°S) and moderate to high catches in northern (>20°S) of the Mozambique Channel by the end of the century. Despite the degree of uncertainty surrounding the climate change impacts on skipjack tuna, we argue that fisheries stakeholders, administrators and regional tuna fisheries management organizations should work towards building resilience and ensuring sustainability while reducing or mitigating vulnerability and climate change impacts on local and regional communities and their livelihoods.
Visual statistical learning in infancy: Discrimination of fine‐grained regularities depends on early test trials
Authors: Bertels Julie , San Anton Estibaliz , Boursain Emeline , Bulf Hermann , Destrebecqz Arnaud
Published: December 2021

Infants’ ability to detect statistical regularities between visual objects has been demonstrated in previous studies (e.g., Kirkham et al., Cognition, 83, 2002, B35). The extent to which infants extract and learn the actual values of the transitional probabilities (TPs) between these objects nevertheless remains an open question. In three experiments providing identical learning conditions but contrasting different types of sequences at test, we examined 8‐month‐old infants’ ability to discriminate between familiar sequences involving high or low values of TPs, and new sequences that involved null TPs. Results showed that infants discriminate between these three types of sequences, supporting the existence of a statistical learning mechanism by which infants extract fine‐grained statistical information from a stream of visual stimuli. Interestingly, the expression of this statistical knowledge varied between experiments and specifically depended on the nature of the first two test trials. We argue that the predictability of this early test arrangement—namely whether the first two test items were either predictable or unexpected based on the habituation phase—determined infants’ looking behaviors.
A systematic review ofeye‐tracking‐basedresearch on animated multimedia learning
Authors: Coskun Atakan , Cagiltay Kursat
Published: December 2021

Background

The most challenging task in eye‐tracking‐based multimedia research is to establish a relationship between eye‐tracking metrics (or cognitive processes) and learners' performance scores. Additionally, there are current debates about the effectiveness of animations (or simulations) in promoting learning in multimedia settings.

Objectives

As a result, the current study aimed to review eye tracking‐based research on learners' cognitive processes in the animated/simulated multimedia learning domain.

Method

For this purpose, fifty‐seven (57) studies were systematically determined based on PRISMA guidelines, and they were synthesized.

Results and Conclusions

The notable findings are that (1) most of the reviewed studies have tried to relate eye‐tracking measures to at least one cognitive process (e.g., selecting, organizing, and integrating) which are assumed to take place during multimedia learning; (2) eye‐tracking measurements show whether design features of animation are successful in directing learners' attention; (3) the success of animation in attention‐guiding to the relevant parts may not have a positive impact on learning because individual differences (e.g., prior knowledge, spatial ability, or working capacity) and animation content are the other factors that directly affect the effectiveness of animation over learning.

Implications

The current study implies that (i) use of signaling cues in animated multimedia settings diminish visual search and promote higher learning scores, (ii) giving users control over animations causes negative outcomes (e.g., missing micro or macro events); (iii) research on animated multimedia learning should be replicated with the participant group from K‐12, special education (e.g., autistic children), and elders.
LncRNA SNHG1 modulates adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs by promoting DNMT1 mediated Opg hypermethylation via interacting with PTBP1
Authors: Yu Xiao , Song Meng‐Sheng , Rong Peng‐Ze , Chen Xian‐Jun , Shi Lin , Wang Cheng‐Hao , Pang Qing‐Jiang
Published: December 2021

Recent evidence indicates that the abnormal differentiation of bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. LncRNA SNHG1 has been found to be associated with the differentiation ability of BMSCs. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the role of lncRNA SNHG1 and its associated pathway on the differentiation of BMSCs in osteoporosis. Mice that underwent bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) were used as models of osteoporosis. Induced osteogenic or adipogenic differentiation was performed in mouse BMSCs. Compared to sham animals, lncRNA SNHG1 expression was upregulated in OVX mice. Also, the in vitro expression of SNHG1 was increased in adipogenic BMSCs but decreased in osteogenic BMSCs. Moreover, overexpression of SNHG1 enhanced the adipogenic capacity of BMSCs but inhibited their osteogenic capacity as determined by oil red O, alizarin red, and alkaline phosphatase staining, while silencing of SNHG1 led to the opposite results. LncRNA SNHG1 interacting with the RNA‐binding polypyrimidine tract‐binding protein 1 (PTBP1) promoted osteoprotegerin (Opg) methylation and suppressed Opg expression via mediating DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) 1. Furthermore, Opg was showed to regulate BMSC differentiation. Knockdown of SNHG1 decreased the expressions of adipogenic related genes but increased that of osteogenic related genes. However, the knockdown of Opg partially reversed those effects. In summary, lncRNA SNHG1 upregulated the expression of DNMT1 via interacting with PTBP1, resulting in Opg hypermethylation and decreased Opg expression, which in turn enhanced BMSC adipogenic differentiation and contributed to osteoporosis.
Efficacy of tooth splinting and occlusal adjustment in patients with periodontitis exhibiting masticatory dysfunction: A systematic review
Authors: Dommisch Henrik , Walter Clemens , Difloe‐Geisert Julia C. , Gintaute Aiste , Jepsen Søren , Zitzmann Nicola U.
Published: December 2021

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy of tooth splinting (TS) and occlusal adjustment (OA) compared to no TS or OA in patients with periodontitis exhibiting masticatory dysfunction.

Material

The primary outcome criterion was tooth loss (TL), and the secondary outcome parameters were change in probing pocket depth (PPD), change in clinical attachment level (CAL), tooth mobility (TM), and patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs). Literature search was performed on three electronic databases (from 01/1965 to 04/2021) and focused on clinical studies with at least 12 months follow‐up.

Results

From a total of 1515 publications, 51 articles were identified for full‐text reading, of which 2 retrospective case series on TS with low risk of bias and 1 randomized and 2 prospective studies on OA with unclear risk of bias were included. For TS, synthesis of data showed that in 72 patients, 26 out of 311 teeth (weighted mean incidence of TL 8.4%) and 156 out of 1541 teeth with no TS (weighted mean incidence of TL 10.1%) were lost over 2 years following non‐surgical periodontal therapy. The randomized controlled clinical trial (RCT) indicated CAL gain for teeth with OA compared to no OA. For the effect of OA on TL, PPD, and TM, heterogeneous data were retrieved from the included studies.

Conclusions

Within the limitations of this review and based on a low level of evidence, it is concluded that TS does not improve survival of mobile teeth in patients with advanced periodontitis. OA on teeth with mobility and/or premature contacts may lead to improved CAL, while the effect of OA on the remaining periodontal parameters remains unclear.
Complete response of advanced cutaneous squamous cell and basal cell carcinomas with sequential cemiplimab and sonidegib therapy
Authors: Weis J. , Grote C. , Weichenthal M. , Hauschild A.
Published: December 2021

A 78‐year‐old woman was referred to our skin cancer centre with three previous incomplete resections in the left cavum conchae of a deep‐infiltrating locally advanced, but still asymptomatic basal cell carcinoma (BCC). The patient noted furthermore two rapidly growing exophytic lesions in the left preauricular and cervical area in the last weeks. The clinical and histological distinction of locally advanced from metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) lesions was challenging. Imaging analysis with CT scans showed, however, an involvement of the parotid gland as well as multiple small lymph node metastases. The interdisciplinary tumour board decision at our institution recommended a systemic treatment with the PD1‐antibody cemiplimab. After 13 cycles with cemiplimab at a dose of 350 mg intravenously every 3‐weeks, the patient showed a complete response of the two CSCC lesions with histological confirmation. However, the BCC of the left ear appeared to be unchanged and still asymptomatic. The interdisciplinary tumour board considered this tumour to be no candidate for a curative resection or irradiation. Therefore, the patient was exposed to the hedgehog inhibitor sonidegib with a conventional dose of 200 mg orally per day. After 3 months of treatment, the tumour showed a markable regression and a complete response was confirmed by 3‐punch biopsies from this preoperated lesion. Both cemiplimab and sonidegib were excellently tolerated with almost no adverse events apart from a mild fatigue (CTC grade 1) over the first 3 weeks of the cemiplimab therapy. There were no laboratory abnormalities found.
Management of partial and non‐responding cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Jansen P. , Lodde G.C. , Griewank K.G. , Hadaschik E. , Roesch A. , Ugurel S. , Zimmer L. , Livingstone E. , Schadendorf D.
Published: December 2021

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) and basal cell carcinoma are the most common types of skin cancer. For patients with locally advanced and metastatic cSCC, the programmed cell death 1 (PD‐1) inhibitor cemiplimab is approved for systemic treatment. Despite this revolutionary immunomodulatory therapeutic approach, tumours may fail to respond either completely or partially. In addition to the previously established local treatment with radiotherapy or systemic treatment with chemotherapy and epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors, ongoing trials are currently focussed on re‐stimulating the antitumour immune response in patients with advanced cSCC refractory to PD‐1 inhibitors. In this review, ongoing and recently finished trials with different therapeutic approaches will be discussed.
Evolution of antagonistic and mutualistic traits in the yucca‐yucca moth obligate pollination mutualism
Authors: Althoff David M. , Segraves Kari A.
Published: December 2021

Species interactions shape the evolution of traits, life histories and the pattern of speciation. What is less clear is whether certain types of species interaction are more or less likely to lead to phenotypic divergence among species. We used the brood pollination mutualism between yuccas and yucca moths to test how mutualistic (pollination) and antagonistic (oviposition) traits differ in the propensity to increase phenotypic divergence among pollinator moths. We measured traits of the tentacular mouthparts, structures used by females to actively pollinate flowers, as well as ovipositor traits to examine differences in the rate of evolution of these two suites of traits among pollinator species. Morphological analyses revealed two distinct groups of moths based on ovipositor morphology, but no such groupings were identified for tentacle morphology, even for moths that pollinated distantly related yuccas. In addition, ovipositor traits evolved at significantly faster rates than tentacular traits. These results support theoretical work suggesting that antagonism is more likely than mutualism to lead to phenotypic divergence.
Novel evolution of a hyper‐elongated tongue in a Cretaceous enantiornithine from China and the evolution of the hyolingual apparatus and feeding in birds
Authors: Li Zhiheng , Wang Min , Stidham Thomas A. , Zhou Zhonghe , Clarke Julia
Published: December 2021

The globally distributed extinct clade Enantiornithes comprises the most diverse early radiation of birds in the Mesozoic with species exhibiting a wide range of body sizes, morphologies, and ecologies. The fossil of a new enantiornithine bird, Brevirostruavis macrohyoideus gen. et sp. nov., from the Lower Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation in Liaoning Province, northeastern China, preserves a few important skeletal features previously unknown among early stem and extant birds, including an extremely elongate bony hyoid element (only slightly shorter than the skull), combined with a short cranial rostrum. The long hyoid provides direct evidence for the evolution of specialized feeding in this extinct species, and appears similar to the highly mobile tongue that is mobilized by the paired epibranchials present in living hummingbirds, honeyeaters, and woodpeckers. The likely linkage between food acquisition and tongue protrusion might have been a key factor in the independent evolution of particularly elongate hyobranchials in early birds.
Geranium indicum, a new scapigerous species of Geraniaceae from India
Authors: Hurrah Imtiyaz Ahmad , Shukla Aparna R. , Wagh Vijay V.
Published: December 2021

Geranium indicum, a new scapigerous species of Geranium subg. Robertium collected from two states of India i.e. Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand is described. In addition, a distribution map, micro and macro morphological photographs, conservation status and a taxonomic key is provided for the species of G. sect. Trilopha. The new species is morphologically similar to G. ocellatum and G. mascatense, but can be easily distinguished by its acaulescent habit, persistent rosette leaves, scapigerous cymose inflorescence, cleistogamous flowers and entirely eglandular indumentum on vegetative parts.
Asset returns, news topics, and media effects*
Authors: Larsen Vegard Høghaug , Thorsrud Leif Anders
Published: December 2021

We decompose the textual data in a daily Norwegian business newspaper into news topics, and we investigate their predictive and causal role for asset prices. Our findings suggest that news published through the mass media has significant, persistent, and potentially economically profitable predictive power for returns. Moreover, during an exogenous media strike, returns for firms particularly exposed to our news measure experience a substantial fall relative to the control group. Together, these findings lend support for a view where the mass media acts as an “information intermediary” between agents and the state of the world, and disseminates fundamental information to investors.
Affective states and nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI): Results from an ecological momentary assessment study of veterans with NSSI disorder
Authors: Dillon Kirsten H. , Glenn Jeffrey J. , Dennis Paul A. , Mann Adam J. , Deming Charlene A. , Aho Natalie , Hertzberg Jeffrey S. , DeBeer Bryann B. , Meyer Eric C. , Morissette Sandra B. , Gratz Kim L. , Silvia Paul J. , Calhoun Patrick S. , Beckham Jean C. , Kimbrel Nathan A.
Published: December 2021

Background

The affective states most strongly associated with nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) remain poorly understood, particularly among veterans. This study used ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to examine relationships between affect ratings and NSSI urges and behaviors among veterans with NSSI disorder.

Methods

Participants (N = 40) completed EMA entries via mobile phone for 28 days (3722 total entries). Entries included intensity ratings for five basic affective states, as well as NSSI urges and behaviors, during the past 4 hours.

Results

Bivariate analyses indicated that each affect variable was significantly associated with both NSSI urges and behaviors. Angry/hostile and sad were most strongly associated with both NSSI urges and behaviors. A multivariate regression revealed that angry/hostile, disgusted with self, and happy (inversely related) were contemporaneously (within the same period) associated with NSSI behaviors, whereas all five basic affective states were contemporaneously associated with NSSI urges. In a lagged model, angry/hostile and sad were associated with subsequent NSSI urges but not behaviors.

Conclusions

Findings highlight the relevance of particular affective states to NSSI and the potential utility of targeting anger in treatments for NSSI among veterans. There is a need for future EMA research study to further investigate temporal relationships between these variables.
When people die by suicide: Introducing unacceptable loss thresholds as a potential missing link between suicide readiness states and actively suicidal clinical states
Authors: Capron Daniel W. , Bauer Brian W. , Bryan Craig J.
Published: December 2021

Introduction

Contemporary models of suicide have largely overlooked why a person at high risk for suicide attempts suicide at a specific time. We propose the construct of unacceptable loss thresholds (i.e., a person’s tolerance limit for a negative life event, which if violated results in an increase in suicide risk), which addresses many paradoxes in the literature related to suicide triggers. The aim of this paper is to provide preliminary proof of concept and to stimulate replication and further empirical study.

Methods

We recruited an online community sample of individuals with a suicide attempt history (n = 144). These individuals answered questions about the time leading up to their most recent suicide attempt.

Results

The majority (70.8% yes; 18.1% cannot remember; 11.1% no) reported creating a threshold of unacceptable loss, and that relatively small events were enough to trigger feelings that life was not worth living (63.9% yes; 30.6% maybe; 5.6% no). Further, the majority (57.6% yes; 21.5% yes, but only if asked; 20.8% ‐ no) reported they would be willing to tell their therapist/doctor about their thresholds of unacceptable loss.

Conclusion

The construct of unacceptable loss deserves further empirical inquiry. Individuals contemplating suicide set them and if the loss occurs, it may trigger suicidal action in suicide ready individuals. Thresholds could provide risk assessment and safety planning data currently being overlooked.
Investigating the pattern transfer fidelity of Norland Optical Adhesive 81 for nanogrooves by microtransfer molding
Authors: Sabahi-Kaviani Rahman , Luttge Regina
Published: December 2021

We demonstrated the microtransfer molding of Norland Optical Adhesive 81 (NOA81) thin films. NOA81 nanogrooves and flat thin films were transferred from a flexible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) working mold. In the case of nanogrooves, the mold's feature area of 15 × 15 mm2 contains a variety of pattern dimensions in a set of smaller nanogroove fields of a few mm2 each. We demonstrated that at least six microtransfers can be performed from the same PDMS working mold. Within the restriction of our atomic force microscopy measurement technique, nanogroove height varies with 82 ± 11 nm depending on the pattern dimensions of the measured fields. Respective micrographs of two of these fields, i.e., one field designated with narrower grooves (D1000L780, case 1) and the other designated with wider grooves (D1000L230, case 2) but with the same periodicity values, demonstrate faithful transfer of the patterns. The designated pattern dimensions refer to the periodicity (D) and the ridge width (L) in the original design process of the master mold (dimensional units are nm). In addition, neither NOA81 itself (flat films) nor NOA81 nanogroove thin films with a thickness of 1.6 μm deteriorate the imaging quality in optical cell microscopy.
Validating two geospatial models of continental-scale environmental sound levels
Authors: Pedersen Katrina , Transtrum Mark K. , Gee Kent L. , Lympany Shane V. , James Michael M. , Salton Alexandria R.
Published: December 2021

Modeling outdoor environmental sound levels is a challenging problem. This paper reports on a validation study of two continental-scale machine learning models using geospatial layers as inputs and the summer daytime A-weighted L50 as a validation metric. The first model was developed by the National Park Service while the second was developed by the present authors. Validation errors greater than 20 dBA are observed. Large errors are attributed to limited acoustic training data. Validation environments are geospatially dissimilar to training sites, requiring models to extrapolate beyond their training sets. Results motivate further work in optimal data collection and uncertainty quantification.
Fumarate is a terminal electron acceptor in the mammalian electron transport chain
Authors: Spinelli Jessica B. , Rosen Paul C. , Sprenger Hans-Georg , Puszynska Anna M. , Mann Jessica L. , Roessler Julian M. , Cangelosi Andrew L. , Henne Antonia , Condon Kendall J. , Zhang Tong , Kunchok Tenzin , Lewis Caroline A. , Chandel Navdeep S. , Sabatini David M.
Published: December 2021

Reversing the chain

The mitochondrial electron transport chain is a major part of cellular metabolism and plays key roles in both cellular respiration and the synthesis of critical metabolites. Typically, electrons flow through the electron transport chain in a specific direction, ending up with oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor. Spinelli
et al
. characterized an alternative path of electron flow through the transport chain, ending with fumarate as the electron acceptor (see the Perspective by Baksh and Finley). This pathway operates under conditions of limited oxygen availability, and the authors have confirmed its activity in vivo in a mouse model, observing that the propensity to use this pathway varied between organs. —YN
Ligand-controlled divergent dehydrogenative reactions of carboxylic acids via C–H activation
Authors: Wang Zhen , Hu Liang , Chekshin Nikita , Zhuang Zhe , Qian Shaoqun , Qiao Jennifer X. , Yu Jin-Quan
Published: December 2021

Desaturating acids

Molecular motifs with neighboring C=C and C=O double bonds are central to the synthesis of fine chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and polymers. Wang
et al
. report a versatile palladium-catalyzed reaction to produce this motif from carboxylic acids by oxidation of the adjacent carbons, with molecular oxygen as a viable terminal oxidant (see the Perspective by Iwabuchi). The method relies on fine-tuned ligand geometry and complements approaches constrained by their reliance on enolate chemistry. Swapping in an alternate ligand promotes extension of the desaturation to coupling with terminal alkynes. —JSY
Draft Genome Sequence of a Basidiomycetous Yeast, Ustilago shanxiensis CBS 10075, Which Produces Mannosylerythritol Lipids
Authors: Wada Keisuke , Koike Hideaki , Morita Tomotake
Published: December 2021

The basidiomycetous yeast
Ustilago shanxiensis
CBS 10075, which was isolated from a wilting leaf in China, produces mannosylerythritol lipid (MEL) biosurfactants. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
U. shanxiensis
CBS 10075, which was 21.7 Mbp in size, with a GC content of 52.55%, comprising 65 scaffolds.
Isolation, Whole-Genome Sequencing, and Annotation of Three Unclassified Antibiotic-Producing Bacteria, Enterobacter sp. Strain RIT 637, Pseudomonas sp. Strain RIT 778, and
Deinococcus
sp. Strain RIT 780
Authors: Schroeter Marissa N. , Gazali Safiya J. , Parthasarathy Anutthaman , Wadsworth Crista B. , Miranda Renata Rezende , Thomas Bolaji N. , Hudson André O.
Published: December 2021

We report the isolation, whole-genome sequencing, and annotation of
Enterobacter
sp. strain RIT 637,
Pseudomonas
sp. strain RIT 778, and
Deinococcus
sp. strain RIT 780. Disk diffusion assays using spent medium demonstrated that all bacteria produced bactericidal compounds against
Escherichia coli
ATCC 25922,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
ATCC 27853, and
Staphylococcus aureus
ATCC 25923.
Draft Genome Sequence of Agrobacterium fabrum Strain 1D1104
Authors: Huo Naxin , Gu Yong , McCue Kent F. , Alabed Diaa , Thomson James G.
Published: December 2021

This work reports the draft genome sequence of
Agrobacterium fabrum
strain 1D1104. The assembled genome is composed of a 2,774,783-bp circular chromosome, a 2,110,112-bp linear chromosome, an AT plasmid of 133,577 bp, and four unassembled contigs of 5,389,544 bp, 42,391 bp, 41,768 bp, and 35,476 bp.
Complete Genome Sequences of Three Lactobacillus crispatus Strains Isolated from the Urine of Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Hulyalkar Neha V. , Sharon Belle M. , Shipman Braden M. , Arute Amanda P. , Zimmern Philippe E. , De Nisco Nicole J.
Published: December 2021

Lactobacillus crispatus
frequently colonizes the vagina and bladder of healthy women. Although its association with vaginal health is relatively well understood, little is known about its role in urinary tract infection (UTI). Here, we report the complete genome sequences of three urinary
L. crispatus
strains isolated from women with different UTI histories.
Differential attainment: how can we close the gap in paediatrics?
Authors: Kelly Laura , Sankaranarayanan Sailesh
Published: December 2021

Differential attainment is the gap in attainment between different demographic groups undertaking the same assessment. Across the UK, we see differences in outcome in undergraduate and postgraduate medical education on the basis of gender, age, ethnicity and country of primary medical qualification which cannot be explained by a difference in ability. The largest gaps appear when we look at the variation in outcome between UK and international medical graduates (IMGs) and between white British and black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) doctors in postgraduate medical education. If we look to postgraduate medical examinations, the differences in attainment are stark and occur across all medical specialties, with paediatrics being no exception. The differences are also seen in the rates of relative success in recruitment to training posts and in a trainee’s likelihood of getting a satisfactory outcome at the Annual Review of Competence Progression. Ensuring all doctors reach their full potential is undoubtedly an issue of fairness that is of particular significance to paediatrics as IMGs make up 47% of our medical workforce and 36% of the paediatric workforce identifies as being from a BAME group. It is clear that if we fail to close the gap in differential attainment, there will be both a personal cost to affected individuals, but also a cost to the wider paediatric profession and the children they serve. This paper hopes to summarise the background and causes to differential attainment and look towards possible interventions that might tackle this issue.
SARS-CoV-2 transmission in schools in Korea: nationwide cohort study
Authors: Choe Young June , Park Young-Joon , Kim Eun-Young , Jo Myoungyoun , Cho Eun Young , Lee Hyunju , Kim Yun-Kyung , Kim Yae-Jean , Choi Eun Hwa
Published: December 2021

Objective

There is an urgent public need to readdress the school closure strategies. We aimed to describe the epidemiology of COVID-19 in schools and school-aged children to understand their roles in transmitting SARS-CoV-2 in Korea.

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

All schools in Korea

Patients

All school-aged children in Korea.

Interventions

None (observational study).

Main outcome measures

Incidence rate, proportion of affected schools.

Results

Between February and December 2020, the incidence rate was lower among school-aged children (63.2–79.8 per 100 000) compared with adults aged 19 and above (130.4 per 100 000). Household was the main route of transmission (62.3%), followed by community (21.3%) and school clusters (7.9%). Among the schools in Korea, 52% of secondary schools had COVID-19 cases, followed by 39% of primary schools and 3% of kindergartens.

Conclusions

We found that schools and school-aged children aged 7–18 years were not the main drivers of COVID-19 transmission. The major sources of transmission were households.
Ray tracing intraocular lens calculation performance improved by AI-powered postoperative lens position prediction
Authors: Li Tingyang , Reddy Aparna , Stein Joshua D , Nallasamy Nambi
Published: December 2021

Aims

To assess whether incorporating a machine learning (ML) method for accurate prediction of postoperative anterior chamber depth (ACD) improves cataract surgery refraction prediction performance of a commonly used ray tracing power calculation suite (OKULIX).

Methods and analysis

A dataset of 4357 eyes of 4357 patients with cataract was gathered at the Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan. A previously developed machine learning (ML)–based method was used to predict the postoperative ACD based on preoperative biometry measured with the Lenstar LS900 optical biometer. Refraction predictions were computed with standard OKULIX postoperative ACD predictions and ML-based predictions of postoperative ACD. The performance of the ray tracing approach with and without ML-based ACD prediction was evaluated using mean absolute error (MAE) and median absolute error (MedAE) in refraction prediction as metrics.

Results

Replacing the standard OKULIX postoperative ACD with the ML-predicted ACD resulted in statistically significant reductions in both MAE (1.7% after zeroing mean error) and MedAE (2.1% after zeroing mean error). ML-predicted ACD substantially improved performance in eyes with short and long axial lengths (p<0.01).

Conclusions

Using an ML-powered postoperative ACD prediction method improves the prediction accuracy of the OKULIX ray tracing suite by a clinically small but statistically significant amount, with the greatest effect seen in long eyes.
Stark choices: exploring health sector costs of policy responses to COVID-19 in low-income and middle-income countries
Authors: Torres-Rueda Sergio , Sweeney Sedona , Bozzani Fiammetta , Naylor Nichola R , Baker Tim , Pearson Carl , Eggo Rosalind , Procter Simon R , Davies Nicholas , Quaife Matthew , Kitson Nichola , Keogh-Brown Marcus R , Jensen Henning Tarp , Saadi Nuru , Khan Mishal , Huda Maryam , Kairu Angela , Zaidi Raza , Barasa Edwine , Jit Mark , Vassall Anna
Published: December 2021

Objectives

COVID-19 has altered health sector capacity in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Cost data to inform evidence-based priority setting are urgently needed. Consequently, in this paper, we calculate the full economic health sector costs of COVID-19 clinical management in 79 LMICs under different epidemiological scenarios.

Methods

We used country-specific epidemiological projections from a dynamic transmission model to determine number of cases, hospitalisations and deaths over 1 year under four mitigation scenarios. We defined the health sector response for three base LMICs through guidelines and expert opinion. We calculated costs through local resource use and price data and extrapolated costs across 79 LMICs. Lastly, we compared cost estimates against gross domestic product (GDP) and total annual health expenditure in 76 LMICs.

Results

COVID-19 clinical management costs vary greatly by country, ranging between <0.1%–12% of GDP and 0.4%–223% of total annual health expenditure (excluding out-of-pocket payments). Without mitigation policies, COVID-19 clinical management costs per capita range from US$43.39 to US$75.57; in 22 of 76 LMICs, these costs would surpass total annual health expenditure. In a scenario of stringent social distancing, costs per capita fall to US$1.10–US$1.32.

Conclusions

We present the first dataset of COVID-19 clinical management costs across LMICs. These costs can be used to inform decision-making on priority setting. Our results show that COVID-19 clinical management costs in LMICs are substantial, even in scenarios of moderate social distancing. Low-income countries are particularly vulnerable and some will struggle to cope with almost any epidemiological scenario. The choices facing LMICs are likely to remain stark and emergency financial support will be needed.
Delivery of a multi-focus public health intervention in the paediatric emergency department: a feasibility and acceptability pilot study
Authors: Isba Rachel , Edge Rhiannon
Published: December 2021

Objective

The objective was to see if it was feasible and acceptable to deliver a brief public health intervention as part of an attendance at the paediatric emergency department (PED).

Design

A feasibility and acceptability pilot design was used as there is no previous work done in this clinical area, population or using this approach in children and young people (CYP). Quantitative and qualitative data were collected. Follow-up was at 1 week and 1, 3 and 6 months.

Setting

This pilot took place in a single PED in Greater Manchester, England.

Participants

Participants were CYP (under 16 years old) and their parents/carers, attending the PED during a 2-week recruitment period in September 2019.

Interventions

The intervention was a brief conversation with a Consultant in Paediatric Public Health Medicine, using Screening, Brief Intervention and Referral to Treatment. The intervention focused on vaccination, dental health, household smoking and frequent attendance.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

The primary outcome measure was information to support the effective development of a larger-scale study. Secondary outcomes were measures of health, again intended to provide additional information prior to a larger study.

Results

Thirty CYP were recruited from 29 households. Sixty per cent of CYP triggered at least one screening question, most commonly household smoking and dental health. It was not possible to accurately assess frequent attendance and 97% of parents/carers stated that they thought their child or young person was fully vaccinated for their age, which is likely to be an over-estimate.

Conclusions

It is feasible to deliver a brief public health intervention in the PED and such an approach is acceptable to a variety of stakeholders including CYP, parents/carers and nursing staff. The pilot revealed issues around data quality and access. Future work will focus on vaccination and dental health.