bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Employees’ financial insecurity and health: The underlying role of stress and work–family conflict appraisals
Authors: Odle‐Dusseau Heather N. , Matthews Russell A. , Wayne Julie H.
Published: April 2018

Data from two longitudinal samples were utilized to elucidate underlying mechanisms of the well‐established relationship between financial insecurity and health outcomes, stemming from the theoretical rationale of conservation of resources and cognitive appraisal theories. Study 1 (n = 80) consisted of low‐wage food manufacturing employees working full time, while Study 2 (n = 331) was consisted of a larger, heterogeneous sample of full‐time workers representing multiple occupations. Respondents were surveyed on financial insecurity, work‐to‐family conflict (WFC), stress, and health outcomes at two time periods, 3 months apart. Results across our studies provided support for the direct effects of financial insecurity on WFC and stress. In addition, appraisals of WFC and stress serve as significant mediators of the relationship between financial insecurity and health outcomes, including a significant overall lagged effect across time, and perceived stress accounting for the largest proportion of variance in the lagged relationship among Time 1 financial insecurity and Time 2 health outcomes. Besides support for conservation of resources and cognitive appraisal theories, practically, our studies suggest that workplace initiatives to reduce financial insecurity could positively influence employees’ work–family, stress, and health experiences.

Practitioner points

When workers experience financial insecurity, it can have detrimental effects on their health.

The effect of financial insecurity on worker health appears to occur because of increased work–family conflict and stress associated with financial insecurity.

Direct interventions related to addressing financial insecurity may be challenging, but data suggest there may be a meaningful return‐on‐investment.
The Utility of Measuring Intentions to Use Best Practices: A Longitudinal Study Among Teachers Supporting Students With Autism
Authors: Fishman Jessica , Beidas Rinad , Reisinger Erica , Mandell David S.
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND

School‐based interventions can result in profound social, behavioral, and academic improvement for students with autism, but teachers rarely implement them. It is important to understand why this occurs and use this information to increase the use of evidence‐based practices. Toward this goal, 2 proof‐of‐construct studies demonstrate the theoretical and methodological advantages of measuring behavioral intentions to use specific practices.

METHODS

Two observational studies enrolled public school teachers who work with students with autism. The studies measure the strength of teachers' intentions to use each of 4 different evidence‐based practices, assess variability in intentions, and test whether intentions predict future teacher behavior.

RESULTS

In adjusted analyses, intentions to use a specific evidence‐based practice were strongly associated with subsequent use (adjusted odds ratio = 5.2). The proportion of teachers who reported strong intentions varied from a low of 33% to a high of 66%, depending on the practice.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings illustrate that the strength of intentions, which varies depending on the specific practice, can predict implementation. More generally, the studies demonstrate how measures of intention can aid efforts to identify implementation barriers. The approach taken can be applied to study implementation of any practices designed to improve student health.
Barriers to Shared Use of Indoor and Outdoor Facilities at US Elementary Schools
Authors: Turner Lindsey , Calvert Hannah G. , Chaloupka Frank J.
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND

School policies and practices, such as the sharing of school facilities with the surrounding community, support physical activity among students and community members, but are often underutilized. This study examined variations in shared use practices, and associations with perceived barriers.

METHODS

Surveys were completed by a nationally representative sample of 640 public elementary schools across the United States. Administrators reported on their school's practices related to the shared use of indoor and outdoor facilities, and perceived barriers to sharing. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine associations between barriers and practices.

RESULTS

Liability or legal concerns, staffing expenses, and facility operation costs were most frequently reported as barriers, while lack of adequate facilities and perceived lack of community interest were less common. Cost concerns and perceived lack of community interest were most strongly associated with lack of sharing.

CONCLUSIONS

Although liability or legal concerns are common, such concerns are not necessarily associated with less sharing when other factors are taken into account. Administrators' perceptions about lack of community interest were associated with less sharing, but these perceptions may not accurately reflect the community's perspective. Active development of partnerships could increase access to school facilities.
Uncertainty and Influence: The Advantages (and Disadvantages) of Being Atypical
Authors: Gaffney Amber M. , Rast David E. , Hogg Michael A.
Published: April 2018

Research suggests that individuals who best embody the attributes that define their group's identity tend to have the most influence within their groups and often occupy leadership roles. This idea lies at the heart of social identity approaches to leadership, which have robustly found that groups tend to more strongly support prototypical leaders and, as a result, prototypical leaders can be more effective than less prototypical leaders. In this article, we overview this prototypicality advantage and also explore the conditions under which it may be weakened or reversed. More specifically, we detail some of the conditions under which nonprototypical members can overcome the leadership obstacle of being “atypical” group members. One such condition is when members experience identity uncertainty. Under these conditions, group members seek clear and distinct group identities. When non‐prototypical group members can provide such clear group defining norms, they may be promoted to leadership positions and celebrated as agents of social change.
Descriptive Study of Caseworkers’ Practices to Support the Development of Self‐Determination of Adults With Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Caouette Martin , Lachapelle Yves , Moreau Jocelyne , Lussier‐Desrochers Dany
Published: April 2018

Few studies pertain to caseworkers and their practices for supporting the development of self‐determination of adults with intellectual disabilities (ID). This research thus aims at describing the intervention practices of 12 caseworkers from Quebec (Canada). These caseworkers participated in five discussion groups over an 8‐month period. The data analysis helped identify a set of interventions conducted with people who have ID and with their environments. The majority of interventions are person‐specific, although natural and foster families are also targets for intervention. A number of person‐specific and environment‐specific variables influence these interventions. These variables concern people with ID, caseworkers, natural families, foster families, service organizations, and the community. The complexity of the intervention process is discussed. Recommendations are formulated for caseworkers, service organizations, and public decision makers.
Growth, mortality and stock status of mullets (Mugilidae) in Chilika Lake, India
Authors: Panda Debabrata , Mohanty Surya K. , Pattnaik Ajit K. , Das Subrata , Karna Subodha K.
Published: April 2018

The growth, mortality and stock status of grey mullets Chelon parsia (Ham. 1822), Chelon planiceps (Val. 1836) and Mugil cephalus (Linn. 1758) were investigated during December 2010 to November 2011 from Chilika Lake, Asia, largest brackish water lake. The length‐based analysis, using length frequency data collected from fish landing centres, formed the basic study methodology. Growth function and population parameters were studied using FAO‐ICLARM Stock Assessment Tools‐II (FiSAT‐II). The von Bertalanffy growth function (VBGF) was established as Lt = 321 mm*(1 − exp (‐0.98 year−1 × (t + 0.085 year)) for C. parsia, Lt = 315 mm × (1 − exp (−0.80 year−1 × (t + 0.105 year)) for C. planiceps and Lt = 700 mm*(1 − exp (−0.70 year−1*(t + 0.097 year)) for M. cephalus. Lower K and higher L∞ values for M. cephalus indicated slow growth and high longevity of the species, compared to other grey mullets. Length–weight relationships were derived, indicating isometric growth for grey mullets. Recruitment of mullets was observed throughout the year, with a peak during April–July. About 50% of the mullets were caught by fishing gear before reaching their first year of age. The level of exploitation (E ≥ 0.60) was more than the optimum level (E = 0.4 for pelagic stock), indicating overexploitation of grey mullets in Chilika Lake. Moreover, the average annual yields of three mullets were observed to be higher than the estimated maximum sustainable yields (MSY), also indicating overharvesting of mullets. Thus, the mullets could be considered one of the highly overexploited resources in Chilika Lake. The findings of this study will facilitate the development of appropriate management strategies for the mullet fishery in Chilika Lake.
Using cognitive mapping to understand Senegalese infant and young child feeding decisions
Authors: Zobrist Stephanie , Kalra Nikhila , Pelto Gretel , Wittenbrink Brittney , Milani Peiman , Diallo Abdoulaye Moussa , Ndoye Tidiane , Wone Issa , Parker Megan
Published: April 2018

Caregivers make decisions about how to feed their infants and young children based on complex interactions of knowledge, beliefs, and values, as well as assessments of situational determinants, including economic and social constraints and opportunities. Because of the relationship of these factors to the adoption of new feeding behaviours, the development of nutrition interventions for this age group must be grounded in knowledge about the target population. This paper presents the results of a study that used cognitive mapping techniques to gain insight into mothers' knowledge and perceptions of foods for infants and young children and examine their significance for feeding decisions in Saint‐Louis, northern Senegal. Guided by mixed‐methods protocols from the Focused Ethnographic Study for Infant and Young Child Feeding Manual, in‐depth interviews that included qualitative discussions and cognitive mapping techniques were conducted with 46 mothers in rural and peri‐urban communities. We explored mothers' perceptions about five dimensions that affect food decision‐making—healthiness, convenience, child acceptance, appeal, and modernity—and the relationship of these dimensions to 38 local food items. Data analysis entailed a combination of qualitative thematic analysis and descriptive statistics. In both communities, “healthiness” was the most valued dimension for food decision‐making by a large margin, followed by child acceptance, appeal, modernity, and convenience. We explore how different interpretations and definitions of these dimensions, and their relationship to specific local food items, may influence the design and planning of nutrition interventions. The results support the importance of mixed‐methods formative research to illuminate the emic perspectives of caregivers.
Associations of maternal nutrition during pregnancy and post‐partum with maternal cognition and caregiving
Authors: Prado Elizabeth L. , Ashorn Ulla , Phuka John , Maleta Kenneth , Sadalaki John , Oaks Brietta M. , Haskell Marjorie , Allen Lindsay H. , Vosti Steve A. , Ashorn Per , Dewey Kathryn G.
Published: April 2018

Pregnant and post‐partum women require increased nutrient intake and optimal cognition, which depends on adequate nutrition, to enable reasoning and learning for caregiving. We aimed to assess (a) differences in maternal cognition and caregiving between women in Malawi who received different nutritional supplements, (b) 14 effect modifiers, and (c) associations of cognition and caregiving with biomarkers of iron, Vitamin A, B‐vitamin, and fatty acid status. In a randomized controlled trial (n = 869), pregnant women daily received either multiple micronutrients (MMN), 20 g/day lipid‐based nutrient supplements (LNS), or a control iron/folic acid (IFA) tablet. After delivery, supplementation continued in the MMN and LNS arms, and the IFA control group received placebo until 6 months post‐partum, when cognition (n = 712), caregiving behaviour (n = 669), and biomarkers of nutritional status (n = 283) were assessed. In the full group, only one difference was significant: the IFA arm scored 0.22 SD (95% CI [0.01, 0.39], p = .03) higher than the LNS arm in mental rotation. Among subgroups of women with baseline low hemoglobin, poor iron status, or malaria, those who received LNS scored 0.4 to 0.7 SD higher than the IFA arm in verbal fluency. Breastmilk docosahexaenoic acid and Vitamin B12 concentrations were positively associated with verbal fluency and digit span forward (adjusting for covariates ps < .05). In this population in Malawi, maternal supplementation with MMN or LNS did not positively affect maternal cognition or caregiving. Maternal docosahexaenoic acid and B12 status may be important for post‐partum attention and executive function.
Differential diagnoses of diaper dermatitis
Authors: Fölster‐Holst Regina
Published: April 2018

Diaper dermatitis is the most common contact eczema present in early childhood. The main cause is an irritant reaction to urine and feces, which is facilitated by the occlusive conditions under the diaper, leading to hyperhydration of the stratum corneum (diaper dermatitis). In addition, diaper pressure and friction can increase the risk of skin inflammation, which also opens the skin up to other irritant agents, allergens, and infectious agents, such as candida albicans. However, a variety of diseases are associated with inflammation of the skin in the diaper region, therefore the term “diaper dermatitis” is merely descriptive and does not reflect anything about the etiopathogenesis. The term diaper dermatitis refers only to an inflammation in the diapering area and should not be automatically equated with reactions to diapers. Making the correct diagnosis requires a thorough examination of the skin in its entirety and a detailed report of the patient's medical and family history. Once a specific pattern is identified, a precise diagnosis, and an appropriate therapy, can be determined.
Seamline optimisation for urban aerial ortho‐image mosaicking using graph cuts
Authors: Zhang Yunsheng , Zhang Minglei , Du Shouji , Zou Zhengrong , Fan Chong
Published: April 2018

Optimal seamline detection is a key step when composing digital orthophotomaps (DOM) of extensive areas from overlapping ortho‐images. To avoid seamlines passing through buildings when mosaicking, seamline detection between adjacent ortho‐images is casted as a graph‐cut problem. To avoid buildings, colour differences and gradient magnitude derived from the ortho‐images, together with approximate object heights derived from a digital surface model (DSM), are combined for constructing the cost term of the graph. To efficiently obtain an approximate height value for eachDOMunit, an expanded normalisedDSMis proposed. Furthermore, the designed cost term for final composite ortho‐image merging is weighted to prioritise pixels closest to the nadir point. Experiments with strips of aerial images show that the proposed method obtains seamless mosaicking of ortho‐images without manual work.
A molecular pathological study of four cases of ciliated muconodular papillary tumors of the lung
Authors: Kataoka Toshiaki , Okudela Koji , Matsumura Mai , Mitsui Hideaki , Suzuki Takehisa , Koike Chihiro , Sawazumi Tomoe , Umeda Shigeaki , Tateishi Yoko , Yamanaka Shoji , Ishikawa Yoshihiro , Arai Hiromasa , Tajiri Michihiko , Ohashi Kenichi
Published: April 2018

Ciliated muconodular papillary tumors (CMPTs) are a recently categorized benign or low‐grade malignant neoplasm that develops in the peripheral lung. Only about 40 cases have been reported to date, and the clinicopathological characteristics have yet to be defined in detail. Here, we present four cases of CMPTs with a focus on their immunohistochemical profiles and driver gene mutations. These tumors were a papillary proliferation of a mixture of ciliated, mucous, and basal cells located in the peripheral lung. Ciliated, mucous and basal cells were positive for TTF‐1 when using the clone SPT24, but negative for HNF‐4α. Basal cells were positive for p40. Mucous cells in some tumors were positive for MUC5AC and MUC6. The Ki‐67 index was less than 5%, and strong expression of p53 was not detected. Three of the four tumors had a BRAF (V600E) driver mutation, an EGFR (del E746‐T751/S752V) driver mutation, or driver mutations in both EGFR (E709G) and KRAS (G12V). These mutation types are rare for any histological type of lung cancer. The present results confirmed that CMPT is a neoplasm with immunohistochemical features and driver gene mutations that are distinct from those of common lung tumors.
Neighbors' Income, Public Goods, and Well‐Being
Authors: Brodeur Abel , Flèche Sarah
Published: April 2018

How does neighbors' income affect individual well‐being? Our analysis is based on rich U.S. local data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, which contains information on where respondents live and their self‐reported well‐being. We find that the effect of neighbors' income on individuals' self‐reported well‐being varies with the size of the neighborhood included. In smaller areas such as ZIP codes, we find a positive relationship between median income and individuals' life satisfaction, whereas it is the opposite at the county, MSA, and state levels. We provide evidence that local public goods and local area characteristics such as unemployment, criminality, and poverty rates drive the association between satisfaction and neighbors' income at the ZIP code level. The neighbors' income effects are mainly concentrated among poorer individuals and are as large as one quarter of the effect of own income on self‐reported well‐being.
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF POPULATION MIGRATION FACTORS CAUSED BY THE GREAT EAST JAPAN EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI
Authors: Kawawaki Yasuo
Published: April 2018

Population outflow is one of the greatest challenges faced in the areas affected by the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami. This study developed a location choice model to analyze the factors underlying population migration in the disaster areas. Individual data was collected from residents who were living in disaster areas at the time of the earthquake and tsunami. The main factors of location choice behavior, suggested by the estimation result, were residential social networks, severity of damage, and greater income opportunities in new locations. The results also suggested that high income and younger age are factors of ordinary out‐migration from these areas, regardless of the occurrence of a disaster. However, residence in a municipality with a small population that offers limited employment opportunities is a particular factor that accelerates out‐migration when that area is impacted by a disaster.
Income Groups, Social Capital, and Collective Action on Small‐Scale Irrigation Facilities: A Multigroup Analysis Based on a Structural Equation Model
Authors: Miao Shanshan , Heijman Wim , Zhu Xueqin , Qiao Dan , Lu Qian
Published: April 2018

This article examines whether relationships between social capital characteristics and the willingness of farmers to cooperate in collective action is moderated by the farmers' income level. We employed a structural equation model to analyze the influence of social capital components (social networks, interpersonal trust, social reciprocity, and social participation) on the willingness of farmers to cooperate in collective small‐scale irrigation in Guangling County, Shanxi Province of China. This analysis was complemented by a multigroup analysis to measure the potential variance effects across income groups. Our results show that low‐ and middle‐income farmers give more importance to the aspects of social networks, social reciprocity, and social participation, while high‐income farmers place emphasis on interpersonal trust and social participation. Accordingly, the willingness of farmers to cooperate for the different income groups was influenced in different ways in relation to the various social capital components. Therefore, social capital and income differences have complex effects on the willingness of farmers to cooperate. In this regard, our research provides an alternative way to understand the complex process involved in the formation of collective action under the presence of increasing economic heterogeneity in local communities.
Hemodialysis‐induced cardiovascular disease
Authors: Ahmadmehrabi Shadi , Tang W. H. Wilson
Published: April 2018

More than half of all deaths among end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients are due to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Cardiovascular changes secondary to renal dysfunction, including fluid overload, uremic cardiomyopathy, secondary hyperparathyroidism, anemia, altered lipid metabolism, and accumulation of gut microbiota‐derived uremic toxins like trimethylamine N‐oxidase, contribute to the high risk for CVD in the ESRD population. In addition, conventional hemodialysis (HD) itself poses myocardial stress and injury on the already compromised cardiovascular system in uremic patients. This review will provide an overview of cardiovascular changes in chronic kidney disease and ESRD, a description of reported mechanisms for HD‐induced myocardial injury, comparison of HD with other treatment modalities in the context of CVD, and possible management strategies.
Interpretation and the Implied Author: A Descriptive Project
Authors: Lin Szu‐Yen
Published: April 2018

The utterance model is a popular basis for theories of interpretation in the contemporary analytic philosophy of literature. This model suggests that interpretation should be constrained by a work's identity‐relevant factors in its context of production because a work, like an utterance, acquires its identity and content in part from its relations with that context. From a descriptive point of view, I argue that the implied author account of interpretation best describes critical practice following the current positions based on the utterance model. That is, people who interpret in accordance with these positions end up interpreting an implied author.
Shifting approaches to slums in Chennai: Political coalitions, policy discourses and practices
Authors: Saharan Tara , Pfeffer Karin , Baud Isa
Published: April 2018

Slums pose a persistent challenge for fast growing urban areas in the global South, despite several decades of policy intervention. While Chennai has adopted several strategies ranging from upgrading to reconstruction, the city has been unable to deliver its target of ‘clearing’ slum settlements. Through an analysis of four enumeration reports and a look at the evolving political contexts and subsequent practices, we illustrate the evolution of slum policy approaches in Chennai since the 1970s. The analysis shows slum practices in Chennai continue to be characterized by an underlying continuity, with relocation as the dominant mode of operation since the nineties. However, approaches to slums have also evolved from paternalistic socialism with in‐situ development in the seventies, to approaches characterized by affordability and cost recovery in the eighties, to the aesthetics of global cities in the nineties, to the technology driven, to slum‐free ‘smart city’ discourse currently in vogue.
Of macropores and tillage: influence of biomass incorporation on cover crop decomposition and soil respiration
Authors: McCourty M. A. , Gyawali A. J. , Stewart R. D.
Published: April 2018

Carbon sequestration in agricultural soils may help to reduce global greenhouse gas concentrations, but building up soil carbon levels requires accumulating organic matter faster than it is lost via heterotrophic respiration. Using field and laboratory studies, this study sought to elucidate how tillage, the below‐ground incorporation of cover crop residue, and soil macroporosity affect soil respiration and residue decomposition rates. In the field, residue from a cover crop mixture of barley (Hordeum vulgare) and crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum) was placed into litter bags that were left on the surface versus incorporated into the soil at three depths (4, 8 or 12 cm), while the laboratory study compared surface‐placed versus incorporated litter (8 cm depth). To assess tillage effects on cover crop decomposition, the field study simulated no‐till and conventional tillage treatments, while the laboratory and field studies both included treatments in which artificial soil macropores were created. The field study showed that conventional tillage and the presence of macropores enhanced soil respiration, while in the laboratory study, incorporating cover crop residue resulted in higher soil respiration and faster litter decomposition rates. Additionally, the laboratory measurements showed that macropores increased soil respiration in wet conditions, likely by enhancing oxygen diffusion. Thus, organic matter incorporation and macropores may represent important factors that affect soil respiration and carbon dynamics.
Failing safely: Increasing theology and religious studies students’ resilience and academic confidence via risk‐taking in formative assessment
Authors: Cornwall Susannah
Published: April 2018

Students increasingly appear anxious, risk‐averse, and worried about getting things “wrong.” They may appear to lack intellectual curiosity, and be unwilling to engage in independent study. This essay explores how teaching and assessment in theology and religious studies might help students learn to take intellectual risks, and increase their resilience. One approach is to encourage students to experiment and “fail safely,” to increase their confidence that they understand what is expected of them, and to help them begin to understand learning as more broadly formational, not always directed toward a grade. I suggest three strategies: more formative assessment; a stronger narrative about the purpose of formative assessment; and an appeal to values, virtue, and the cultivation of character. Via these approaches, students might be encouraged to understand assessment in less utilitarian terms and increase their resilience for a world characterized by volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity, prepared both critically and dispositionally to thrive and contribute positively to society.
Identifying stops from mobile phone location data by introducing uncertain segments
Authors: Zhao Zhiyuan , Yin Ling , Shaw Shih‐Lung , Fang Zhixiang , Yang Xiping , Zhang Fan
Published: April 2018

Identifying stops is a primary step in acquiring activity‐related information from mobile phone location data to understand the activity patterns of individuals. However, signal jumps in mobile phone location data may create “fake moves,” which will generate fake activity patterns of “stops‐and‐moves.” These “fake moves” share similar spatiotemporal features with real short‐distance moves, and the stops and moves of trajectories (SMoT), which is the most extensively used stop identification model, often fails to distinguish them when the dataset has coarse temporal resolution. This study proposes the stops, moves, and uncertainties of trajectories (SMUoT) model to address this issue by introducing uncertain segment analysis to distinguish “fake moves” and real short‐distance moves. A real mobile phone location dataset collected in Shenzhen, China is used to evaluate the performance of SMUoT. We find that SMUoT improves the performance (i.e., 15 and 19% increase in accuracy and recall rate for a one‐hour temporal resolution dataset, respectively) of stop identification and exhibits high robustness to parameter settings. With a better reliability of “stops‐and‐moves” pattern identification, the proposed SMUoT can benefit various individual activity‐related research based on mobile phone location data for many fields, such as urban planning, traffic analysis, and emergency management.
ABO incompatibility and RhIG immunoprophylaxis protect against non‐D alloimmunization by pregnancy
Authors: Zwiers Carolien , Koelewijn Joke M. , Vermij Lisa , van Sambeeck Joost , Oepkes Dick , de Haas Masja , van der Schoot C. Ellen
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND

Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) is caused by maternal antibodies against fetal red blood cell antigens, most often anti‐D, ‐K, or ‐c. ABO incompatibility between mother and child and anti‐D immunoprophylaxis (RhIG) are known to reduce the risk of D immunization and subsequent HDFN. However, no immunoprophylaxis has been developed to prevent non‐D immunizations.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

We evaluated whether ABO incompatibility has a preventive effect on formation of non‐D alloantibodies, by performing a case‐control study including pregnant women with newly detected non‐D antibodies, identified within a nationwide data set, immunized during their first pregnancy and/or delivery. Subsequently, we assessed a possible protective effect of RhIG in a subgroup with non‐Rh antibodies only. The proportions of previous ABO incompatibility and of RhIG administrations of these women were compared to the known rate of 19.4% ABO incompatibility and 9.9% RhIG administrations (D– women carrying a D+ child) in the general population of pregnant women.

RESULTS

A total of 11.9% of the 232 included immunized women had a possible ABO incompatibility in their first pregnancy (vs. expected 19.4%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 7.3‐18.8; p = 0.036). Furthermore, 1.0% women with non‐Rh antibodies were D–, delivered a D+ child, and had therefore received RhIG, whereas 9.9% was expected (95% CI, 0.18‐5.50; p = 0.003).

CONCLUSION

We found that ABO incompatibility and RhIG reduce the risks not only for D, but also for non‐Rh immunizations, suggesting that antibody‐mediated immune suppression in this condition is not antigen specific.
Metabolic effect of alkaline additives and guanosine/gluconate in storage solutions for red blood cells
Authors: D'Alessandro Angelo , Reisz Julie A. , Culp‐Hill Rachel , Korsten Herbert , van Bruggen Robin , de Korte Dirk
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND

Over a century of advancements in the field of additive solutions for red blood cell (RBC) storage has made transfusion therapy a safe and effective practice for millions of recipients worldwide. Still, storage in the blood bank results in the progressive accumulation of metabolic alterations, a phenomenon that is mitigated by storage in novel storage additives, such as alkaline additive solutions. While novel alkaline additive formulations have been proposed, no metabolomics characterization has been performed to date.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

We performed UHPLC‐MS metabolomics analyses of red blood cells stored in SAGM (standard additive in Europe), (PAGGSM), or alkaline additives SOLX, E‐SOL 5 and PAG3M for either 1, 21, 35 (end of shelf‐life in the Netherlands), or 56 days.

RESULTS

Alkaline additives (especially PAG3M) better preserved 2,3‐diphosphoglycerate and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Deaminated purines such as hypoxanthine were predictive of hemolysis and morphological alterations. Guanosine supplementation in PAGGSM and PAG3M fueled ATP generation by feeding into the nonoxidative pentose phosphate pathway via phosphoribolysis. Decreased urate to hypoxanthine ratios were observed in alkaline additives, suggestive of decreased generation of urate and hydrogen peroxide. Despite the many benefits observed in purine and redox metabolism, alkaline additives did not prevent accumulation of free fatty acids and oxidized byproducts, opening a window for future alkaline formulations including (lipophilic) antioxidants.

CONCLUSION

Alkalinization via different strategies (replacement of chloride anions with either high bicarbonate, high citrate/phosphate, or membrane impermeant gluconate) results in different metabolic outcomes, which are superior to current canonical additives in all cases.
Plasma biochemistry RIs and age effect in European Strigiformes
Authors: Agusti Montolio Susana , Cuenca Valera Rafaela , Lavín González Santiago , Cray Carolyn , Molina López Rafael , Ferron Emmanuel Serrano , Francisco Olga Nicolás , Marco Sánchez Ignasi , Casas‐Díaz Encarna
Published: April 2018

Background

Blood biochemistry and hematology are essential in the laboratory diagnosis of disease. In Strigiformes, little information regarding reference values and influence of different preanalytic factors is available, while age is known to have an effect on some biochemistry analytes, especially in early life characterized by a rapid growth rate and increase in body mass.

Objective

The objective of this study was to determine baseline data for 29 blood biochemistry variables in 5 species of Iberian Strigiformes assigned to different age classes.

Methods

Healthy nocturnal birds living in wildlife health centers of Catalonia, Northeastern Spain were assigned to different age classes (chicks, juveniles, adults where possible and available) and their blood was collected and analyzed for different standard biochemistry variables. Species included Tawny owls, Little owls, Long‐eared owls, Scop owls, and Barn owls.

Results

A total of 276 clinically healthy animals were sampled, including between 179 chicks, 52 juveniles, and 45 adults. The RIs of cholesterol, albumin, and osmolality were the only variables that did not show interspecific variability. Common trends between age class groups were observed in 4 species. Phosphorus and calcium concentrations and ALP activities decreased with increasing age, while concentrations of sodium and γ‐globulins tended to increase in the Strigidae family. Differences were concentrated in chicks and no differences were observed between juveniles and adults in any variable.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrate the importance of defining biochemical RIs specific for certain age classes
Diagnosis of pneumocystis pneumonia in a 2‐year‐old King Charles Cavalier Spaniel using the polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Okine Ayeley A. K. , Chapman Seth , Hostutler Roger A. , Livingston Robert
Published: April 2018

A 2‐year‐old, female spayed, King Charles Cavalier Spaniel was presented for evaluation of dyspnea, inappetence, and lethargy. Thoracic radiographs revealed a moderate diffuse interstitial lung pattern affecting the perihilar and caudodorsal lung fields, and an echocardiogram revealed severe pulmonary hypertension. A bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed, and cytology revealed mixed inflammation with cysts and trophozoites consistent with Pneumocystis. Pneumocystis infection was later confirmed with PCR. To the author's knowledge, this report represents the first case of canine pneumocystis pneumonia diagnosed antemortem with PCR from a BAL sample. Pneumocystis represents an important, but uncommon cause of afebrile pneumonia in immunosuppressed dogs.
Water harvesting from fog using building envelopes: part II
Authors: Caldas Luisa , Andaloro Annalisa , Calafiore Giuseppe , Munechika Keiko , Taube Benjamin , Oliveira Manuel , Cabrini Stefano
Published: April 2018

Fog harvesting stands out as a simple and inexpensive form to produce drinkable water from alternative sources, when compared to other available techniques. This paper presents results from a set of experiments performed on radiative condensers, deemed as a promising system to be integrated in building envelopes, following a literature review on fog condensers presented in a previous work. An analysis of condensation potential obtained using high emissivity substrates and titanium dioxide nanocoatings is presented, as well as the influence of sample position and orientation, and impact of climatic variables. Finally, the role of nanotechnology in overcoming limitations of radiative systems is discussed as a means to increase harvesting efficiency with functionalized, engineered nano‐patterns on collector surface. Based on biomimicry principles, nanocoatings including nanoscale 3D optimal geometries are discussed, and the use of nanoimprint technology (NIL) is proposed to massively produce nano‐patterned panels with biomimetic fog capturing features.
Polyhydroxyalkanoate biosynthesis by oxalotrophic bacteria from high Andean soil
Authors: Castillo-Arteaga Roger David , Burbano-Rosero Edith Mariela , Otero-Ramirez Iván Dario , Roncallo Juan Camilo , Hidalgo-Bonilla Sandra Patricia , Fernández-Izquierdo Pablo
Published: April 2018

Oxalate is a highly oxidized organic acid anion used as a carbon and energy source by oxalotrophic bacteria. Oxalogenic plants convert atmospheric CO2 into oxalic acid and oxalic salts. Oxalate-salt formation acts as a carbon sink in terrestrial ecosystems via the oxalate-carbonate pathway (OCP). Oxalotrophic bacteria might be implicated in other carbon-storage processes, including the synthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). More recently, a variety of bacteria from the Andean region of Colombia in Nariño have been reported for their PHA-producing abilities. These species can degrade oxalate and participate in the oxalate-carbonate pathway. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize oxalotrophic bacteria with the capacity to accumulate PHA biopolymers. Plants of the genus Oxalis were collected and bacteria were isolated from the soil adhering to the roots. The isolated bacterial strains were characterized using biochemical and molecular biological methods. The consumption of oxalate in culture was quantified, and PHA production was monitored in batch fermentation. The polymeric composition was characterized using gas chromatography. Finally, a biosynthetic pathway based on our findings and on those from published sources is proposed. Strains of Bacillus spp. and Serratia sp. were found to metabolize calcium oxalate and synthesize PHA.
Aclarando el claro. Una reflexión sobre “La domesticación del Ser” de Sloterdijk
Authors: Triviño Cuéllar Jonathan
Published: April 2018

Ante al fracaso del humanismo y de su tarea de domesticación del hombre, Sloterdijk piensa las circunstancias de nuestro mundo desde el punto de vista antropotécnico, es decir, una perspectiva que enfatiza el desarrollo técnico del hombre, revelando las implicaciones para la condición humana de la sociedad tecnológica contemporánea, saturada de información, pero despreocupada con el tipo de pensamiento reflexivo que caracterizó las meditaciones filosóficas del pasado. Repensar al hombre desde un enfoque biocultural y basado en procesos implica el rechazo, una vez más y con una profundidad renovada, del esencialismo humanista que impregnaba la filosofía antes de Heidegger.
Acontecimiento, efectuación y sentido en la filosofía  de Gilles Deleuze
Authors: Esperón Juan Pablo
Published: April 2018

Este artículo tiene dos objetivos: por un lado, aclarar qué designan las nociones de acontecimiento, efectuación y sentido en la filosofía de Deleuze; y, por otro, mostrar cómo estas nociones permiten pensar la singularidad sin que resulte explicada a partir de un fundamento trascendente y sus problemas derivados.

 
Discursive Power in Commercial-Rights Management: Examining the Origins of Ethical Framing of Ambush Marketing
Authors: Burton Nicholas , Bradish Cheri
Published: April 2018

This research examined the efforts of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to frame ambush marketing as an ethically or morally dubious practice and thus influence consumer opinion. After an extensive documentary content analysis of internal Olympic-marketing and Games-development archival materials from the International Olympic Committee’s Library and Olympic Studies Centre, the study’s findings offer new insight into the IOC’s overt influence on ambush discourse as a strategic communication objective in combatting ambush marketing. Results evidence a deliberate attempt on the part of stakeholders to employ “name and shame” public relations and educational campaigns to position ambush marketing as ethically objectionable. In thus examining the discursive power wielded by the IOC, the study offers new perspective on the implications of such ethical framing and illustrates the way that ambush-marketing research and conceptualizations have been defined by rights holders’ influence and censure.
Understanding Organizational and Public Perspectives on Stadium Redevelopment Through Social Media: A Case Study of Georgia State University’s “New” Stadium
Authors: McGehee Glynn M. , Marquez Armin A. , Cianfrone Beth A. , Kellison Timothy
Published: April 2018

Stadium-construction projects are costly and affect the community—positively and negatively. At urban universities, these impacts extend beyond campuses into the broader community. Thus, athletic-department communication about the value of stadium projects to a diverse group of stakeholders becomes important. Following stakeholder theory, the purpose of the study was to investigate social-media messages disseminated by an urban university engaged in a stadium-redevelopment project (Georgia State University [GSU]) and the public response. A content analysis of Facebook and Twitter posts by GSU (N = 39) and the public response (N = 359) yielded 8 themes: a focus on athletics, a focus on university, informing about urban community development impact, explaining capital project funding source, maintaining the stadium legacy, promoting public–private partnerships, and understanding effects on transit. Findings support previous literature that organizational communication reflects organizational priorities.
Beyond triplet: Unconventional superconductivity in a spin-3/2 topological semimetal
Authors: Kim Hyunsoo , Wang Kefeng , Nakajima Yasuyuki , Hu Rongwei , Ziemak Steven , Syers Paul , Wang Limin , Hodovanets Halyna , Denlinger Jonathan D. , Brydon Philip M. R. , Agterberg Daniel F. , Tanatar Makariy A. , Prozorov Ruslan , Paglione Johnpierre
Published: April 2018

Evidence of unconventional superconducting state in a topological semimetal confirms unprecedented spin-3/2 Cooper pairing.
Time-resolved structural evolution during the collapse of responsive hydrogels: The microgel-to-particle transition
Authors: Keidel Rico , Ghavami Ali , Lugo Dersy M. , Lotze Gudrun , Virtanen Otto , Beumers Peter , Pedersen Jan Skov , Bardow Andre , Winkler Roland G. , Richtering Walter
Published: April 2018

The collapse kinetics of microgels is determined experimentally and by mesoscale computer simulations.
Near-infrared light–responsive dynamic wrinkle patterns
Authors: Li Fudong , Hou Honghao , Yin Jie , Jiang Xuesong
Published: April 2018

NIR-responsive dynamic wrinkles with excellent reversibility and sensitivity are presented for the first time.
Importance of Proteasome Gene Expression during Model Dough Fermentation after Preservation of Baker's Yeast Cells by Freezing
Authors: Watanabe Daisuke , Sekiguchi Hiroshi , Sugimoto Yukiko , Nagasawa Atsushi , Kida Naotaka , Takagi Hiroshi
Published: April 2018

Freeze-thaw stress causes various types of cellular damage, survival and/or proliferation defects, and metabolic alterations. However, the mechanisms underlying how cells cope with freeze-thaw stress are poorly understood. Here, model dough fermentations using two baker's yeast strains, 45 and YF, of
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
were compared after 2 weeks of cell preservation in a refrigerator or freezer. YF exhibited slow fermentation after exposure to freeze-thaw stress due to low cell viability. A DNA microarray analysis of the YF cells during fermentation revealed that the genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation were relatively strongly expressed, suggesting a decrease in the glycolytic capacity. Furthermore, we found that mRNA levels of the genes that encode the components of the proteasome complex were commonly low, and ubiquitinated proteins were accumulated by freeze-thaw stress in the YF strain. In the cells with a laboratory strain background, treatment with the proteasome inhibitor MG132 or the deletion of each transcriptional activator gene for the proteasome genes (
RPN4
,
PDR1
, or
PDR3
) led to marked impairment of model dough fermentation using the frozen cells. Based on these data, proteasomal degradation of freeze-thaw-damaged proteins may guarantee high cell viability and fermentation performance. We also found that the freeze-thaw stress-sensitive YF strain was heterozygous at the
PDR3
locus, and one of the alleles (A148T/A229V/H336R/L541P) was shown to possess a dominant negative phenotype of slow fermentation. Removal of such responsible mutations could improve the freeze-thaw stress tolerance and the fermentation performance of baker's yeast strains, as well as other industrial
S. cerevisiae
strains.

IMPORTANCE
The development of freezing technology has enabled the long-term preservation and long-distance transport of foods and other agricultural products. Fresh yeast, however, is usually not frozen because the fermentation performance and/or the viability of individual cells is severely affected after thawing. Here, we demonstrate that proteasomal degradation of ubiquitinated proteins is an essential process in the freeze-thaw stress responses of
S. cerevisiae
. Upstream transcriptional activator genes for the proteasome components are responsible for the fermentation performance after freezing preservation. Thus, this study provides a potential linkage between freeze-thaw stress inputs and the transcriptional regulatory network that might be functionally conserved in higher eukaryotes. Elucidation of the molecular targets of freeze-thaw stress will contribute to advances in cryobiology, such as freezing preservation of human cells, tissues, and embryos for medical purposes and breeding of industrial microorganisms and agricultural crops that adapt well to low temperatures.