bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The mechanistic role of neutrophil lymphocyte ratio perturbations in the leading non communicable lifestyle diseases
Authors: Biswas Monalisa , Suvarna Renuka , Krishnan S Vimal , Devasia Tom , Shenoy Belle Vijetha , Prabhu Krishnananda
Published: August 2022

Inflammation plays a critical role in the development and progression of chronic diseases like type 2 diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Inflammatory responses are indispensable for pathogen control and tissue repair, but they also cause collateral damage. A chronically activated immune system and the resultant immune dysregulation mediated inflammatory surge may cause multiple negative effects, requiring tight regulation and dampening of the immune response to minimize host injury.  While chronic diseases are characterized by systemic inflammation, the mechanistic relationship of neutrophils and lymphocytes to inflammation and its correlation with the clinical outcomes is yet to be elucidated. The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an easy-to-measure laboratory marker used to assess systemic inflammation. Understanding the mechanisms of NLR perturbations in chronic diseases is crucial for risk stratification, early intervention, and finding novel therapeutic targets. We investigated the correlation between NLR and prevalent chronic conditions as a measure of systemic inflammation. In addition to predicting the risk of impending chronic conditions, NLR may also provide insight into their progression. This review summarizes the mechanisms of NLR perturbations at cellular and molecular levels, and the key inflammatory signaling pathways involved in the progression of chronic diseases. We have also explored preclinical studies investigating these pathways and the effect of quelling inflammation in chronic disease as reported by a few in vitro, in vivo studies, and clinical trials.
Mobile phone applications to support psychotropic tapering: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Boland Miriam , Higgins Agnes , Doherty Gavin , Sheaf Greg , Framer Adele , Cadogan Cathal
Published: August 2022

Background: In the context of a recovery-oriented approach to mental healthcare, the role of psychotropic medication over extended or indefinite periods is increasingly being called into question. To minimise the risks of withdrawal symptoms and relapse, it is crucial that service users who want to discontinue psychotropic medication are supported throughout the tapering process. However, in the absence of effective interventions and supports, service users are increasingly relying on online resources for guidance and support. To date, the evidence base for mobile phone applications (‘apps’) and app-based interventions supporting discontinuation of psychotropic use has not been examined. This scoping review aims to examine the content, underpinning evidence base and impact of available mobile phone apps and app-based interventions to support psychotropic tapering.

Methods: A scoping review will be conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute guidance and results will be reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guideline. Several electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, ACM and IEEE Xplore) will be searched from 2008 onwards. Searches of the major app stores will also be conducted, specifically Apple's App Store (iOS) and Google Play Store (Android). Following screening, key information will be extracted from the included studies and apps. Identified apps will be coded using the Behaviour Change Technique (BCT) Taxonomy. The findings will be described using narrative synthesis.

Conclusions: This scoping review will provide a broad overview of available apps to support psychotropic tapering, including a summary of their content using the BCT Taxonomy. The review findings will guide future research relating to the development, implementation and evaluation of app-based interventions to support the tapering of psychotropic medication.
Topical interventions for the management of pain in chronic wounds: A protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Ivory John D. , Finn David P. , Vellinga Akke , Butler Karen , Sezgin Duygu , O'Loughlin Aonghus , Carr Peter , Healy Catherine , Gethin Georgina
Published: August 2022

Background: Venous, arterial, diabetic and pressure ulcers, collectively known as chronic wounds, negatively impact individuals across psychological, social and financial domains. Chronic wounds can be painful and the nature, frequency and impact of pain can differ depending on wound aetiology, wound state and on numerous patient factors. While systemic pharmaceutical agents have some effect in managing pain, there is a need to examine topical agents applied to the wound bed for pain relief. The objective of this study is to examine and synthesise existing literature on the effectiveness of topical agents in managing pain in venous, diabetic, pressure, arterial and mixed venous/arterial ulcers.

Methods: We will use Cochrane Systematic Review methodology to identify and synthesise eligible randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effectiveness of topical agents in reducing pain in chronic wounds. Embase, Medline, PubMed, CENTRAL, CINAHL, Scopus and Web of Science will be searched from inception to end of June 2022 without language limits. We will independently extract data on the pharmaceutical agent, participant demographics, aetiology, condition of the wound, and type, nature and frequency of pain using a pre-designed data extraction form. Subgroup and sensitivity analysis will be performed to address heterogeneity across studies if appropriate. Further stratification and analyses will be based on included study variables and outcomes.

Discussion: Wound pain is primarily managed via systemic pharmaceutical agents. However, patients express reluctance regarding systemic analgesic drugs, fearing addiction. Additionally, persons with chronic wounds have co-morbidities including hypertension, diabetes, or cardiovascular disease and are already taking multiple medications. Topical analgesia can potentially mitigate some of the perceived disadvantages of systemic agents but the available range of these agents and their effectiveness in managing pain in chronic wounds is not so well understood. This review will focus on such agents across a range of the most common chronic wounds.
Tożsamość narodowa. Zarys problematyki
Authors: Ścigaj Paweł
Published: August 2022

Na rynku wydawniczym ostatnich lat trudno znaleźć książkę bardziej integralnie opisującą tak wieloaspektowe zagadnienie, jakim jest tożsamość narodowa. Niemal zawsze, gdy główny problem analiz wymyka się jednej dziedzinie, prace z obszaru nauk społecznych wykazują redukcyjne przechylenie w kierunku jednej z nich. Nie dzieje się tak jednak w omawianym przypadku, co stanowi niewątpliwie o wartości zamysłu Autora, który, choć dokonuje wielu wyborów i,jak sam pisze, zdaje sobie sprawę ze wszystkich ich konsekwencji, umiejętnie równoważy fundamentalne aspekty o charakterze filozoficznym, szczególnie ontologiczne, socjologiczne, psychologiczne i kulturoznawcze. Powstała w ten sposób książka, która wykazuje się rzadko spotykaną rzetelnością, systematyką i wnikliwością, nie wpadając zarazem w pułapkę hermetyczności, a często i bufonerii języka współczesnej nauki. Autor wykazuje pod tym względem wielki szacunek do czytelnika, którego nie uwodzi sztucznością i błyskotliwością nadętej frazeologii, a konsekwentnie i klarownie wprowadza w bardzo różne poetyki i arkana języków poszczególnych subdyscyplin. Klarowność, jak również przejrzystość i logika wywodu to niewątpliwe walory tej wyjątkowej w swym zamyśle i realizacji pracy. Z recenzji prof. dr. hab. Leszka Korporowicza
Diferentes perfis de flexibilidade cognitiva em estudantes brasileiros de 2º e 4º anos do ensino fundamental
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Teixeira Nunes Sula Cristina , Fulginiti de Assis Évelin ,   Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Vellinho Corso Luciana ,   Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
Published: August 2022

Este artigo tem como objetivo identificar, caracterizar e comparar o perfil de flexibilidade cognitiva em cálculo mental de estudantes brasileiros, com base na análise dos elementos cognitivos, a saber características dos problemas e procedimentos de solução, utilizados durante a resolução de cálculos aritméticos. A amostra deste estudo incluiu 42 estudantes de 2º ano (7 a 8 anos) e 42 de 4º ano (9 a 11 anos), de quatro escolas públicas de Porto Alegre. Cada criança foi encorajada a classificar 12 cálculos aritméticos, demonstrando seu conhecimento numérico ao explicar o raciocínio envolvido na resolução, por meio de um instrumento específico de avaliação de flexibilidade cognitiva, utilizado em estudos anteriores. Os resultados revelaram que as diferenças de proporções de uso de conhecimento numérico diferenciaram os perfis de flexibilidade cognitiva: flexível, misto ou rígido.
Severe Pneumonia Caused by SARS-CoV-2: A Novel Cause of Platypnoea-Orthodeoxia Syndrome
Authors: Abreu Fernandes José Pedro , Santos Faria João , Fernandes Andreia , Ramalho Ana Rita , Girão Adriana , Petrova Maja
Published: August 2022

Platypnoea-orthodeoxia syndrome (POS) is a condition characterized by dyspnoea and hypoxaemia while sitting or standing, which improves during decubitus. It is usually caused by intracardiac right-to-left shunting through a patent foramen ovale but may also occur due to pulmonary ventilation-perfusion mismatch of other aetiologies. A new cause of POS was recently described: SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. We report the case of a 62-year-old man admitted for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia with respiratory failure. Chest computed tomography angiography showed pulmonary thromboembolism and parenchymal lung changes compatible with COVID-19. He had worsening dyspnoea in a sitting position, relieved by assuming the dorsal position. He was diagnosed with POS after other causes were excluded. POS is an underdiagnosed complication of COVID-19 and is manageable with respiratory rehabilitation.
The vital role of healthcare assistants in pressure ulcer prevention: learning from research in practice
Authors: Hayes C , Fox A , Scott-Thomas J , Graham Y
Published: August 2022

This article reports on the impact of an educational intervention to raise awareness of the prevention of pressure ulceration as an integral part of the PROACT project. This initiative took place in the north east of England in residential and non-residential care homes from May 2017 to March 2020, with a training programme on the need to raise awareness of the prevention of pressure ulceration delivered between January 2018 and September 2019. In total, 571 participants took part in the project. Of these, 493 (86%) were health and social care staff, including healthcare assistants, and the other 78 (14%) were informal carers. While many participants reported an increased level of confidence following the training programme, many could not bridge the theory–practice gap in terms of being able to articulate how they would prevent the development of pressure ulcers in practice. The study highlights the need for healthcare assistants to refer patients living with the earliest stages of pressure ulceration to other members of the healthcare team. Daily monitoring should include training about the key risk factors of ulceration, such as capacity for movement and being able to walk around, basic skin examinations and the continence status of patients. Training in the importance of monitoring and reporting weight loss, alongside adequate hydration, is also needed.
Robustness enhancement of dynamic spectroscopic ellipsometry by compensating temperature dependency of the monolithic polarizing interferometer
Authors: Choi Inho , Dembele Vamara , Kheiryzadehkhanghah Saeid , Hwang Gukhyeon , Charron Benjamin , Masson Jean-Francois , Kim Daesuk
Published: August 2022

This paper describes a robust dynamic spectroscopic ellipsometer that can provide a highly accurate and reliable real-time spectroscopic polarization measurement capability for various in-line nanoscale measurement applications. The robustness of dynamic spectroscopic ellipsometry is enhanced significantly by employing a compensation channel that removes the temperature dependency of the monolithic polarizing interferometric module, and it results in highly accurate dynamic spectral ellipsometric measurements. We present how the monolithic interferometer is affected by external disturbances and show experimentally that the proposed scheme can provide a few hundreds of times long-term stability enhancement compared with a single-channel-based dynamic spectroscopic ellipsometer scheme.
High accuracy astigmatic-focusing system for laser targets
Authors: Delgado-Aguillón J. , Ruíz C. , Rosete-Aguilar M. , Garduño-Mejía J.
Published: August 2022

An accurate location of the focal position with respect to a solid target is a key task for different applications, for instance, in laser driven plasma acceleration for x-ray generation where minimum required intensities are above

10

14

W

/

c
m

2

. For such practical applications, new approaches for focus location and target delivery techniques are needed to achieve the required intensity, repeatability, and stability. There are different techniques to accomplish the focusing and target positioning task such as interferometry-, microscopy-, astigmatism-, and nonlinear-optics-based techniques, with their respective advantages and limitations. We present improvements of a focusing technique based on an astigmatic method with potential applications where maximum intensity at the target position is necessary. The presented technique demonstrates high accuracy up to 5 µm, below the Rayleigh range, and also its capability to work in rough surfaces targets and tilt tolerance of the target, with respect to the normal of the target surface.
Polarization-universal bandgaps realized with chiral sculptured thin films
Authors: Fiallo Ricardo A. , Horn Mark W. , Lakhtakia Akhlesh
Published: August 2022

Two thin-film structures comprising chiral sculptured thin films (CSTFs) were fabricated to exploit the circular Bragg phenomenon (CBP) exhibited by CSTFs for realizing polarization-universal bandgaps. In a matched ambidextrous bilayer (MAB), a CSTF overlays its enantiomer, both identical except in structural handedness. A tightly interlaced MAB (TIMAB) comprises multiple bilayers, each bilayer containing a one-period-thick CSTF and its enantiomer of the same thickness. Optical transmission measurements for obliquely incident light in the visible spectrum showed that both MABs and TIMABs can exhibit polarization-universal bandgaps with maximum transmittance of less than 20%. The center wavelengths of these bandgaps are in the proximity of the center wavelength of the CBP exhibited by the constituent CSTFs, but the bandgaps are considerably narrower than the CBP spectral regime. The bandwidth variation of the polarization-universal bandgap of the TIMAB is considerably less than that of the MAB. These bandgaps can be tuned by adjusting the angle of incidence.
Establishment of transmission model for broad-spectrum artificial light in case 1 water
Authors: Wang Peipei , Feng Zefeng , Wang Haiyang , Song Yang , Jin Zhiliang , Xiong Daxi
Published: August 2022

A new simulation model for light transmission of broad-spectrum artificial light in case 1 water is introduced in this paper. The model simulates spectrum changes of fishing lamps due to absorption and scattering of seawater. According to underwater spectrum changes, this model restores the light field generated by fishing lamps and demonstrates the distribution of visual stimuli to marine organisms. The accuracy of the transmission model is verified by comparing it with experimental data. In addition, by comparing the simulation results of light transmission models of different fishing lamps in seawater of various fishing grounds, we investigate why current light-emitting diode (LED) lights are not as effective as metal halide (MH) lamps for light fishing. Lastly, suggestions for future optimization of LED fishing lamps in terms of light distribution design and spectrum configuration are provided.
Polarization-controlled varifocal metalens with a phase change material GSST in mid-infrared
Authors: Tan Jinren , Zhao Zengyue , Chen Rongsheng , Yu Feilong , Chen Jin , Wang Jie , Li Guanhai , Xing Huaizhong , Chen Xiaoshuang , Lu Wei
Published: August 2022

Detection of aldehyde carbonyl radiation plays an essential role in guaranteeing the safety of fried food. However, the radiation of low-content aldehyde carbonyl is always weak and includes polarized light. Focusing the weak radiation with polarization-sensitive configurations provides an efficient way to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of detection. The advent of dynamic metasurfaces based on phase-change materials (PCMs) have demonstrated superiorities over their traditional counterparts in tunability and miniaturization. In this paper, we propose two reflected varifocal metasurfaces, which combine Ge2Sb2Se4Te1 (GSST) with two materials that have close optical constants with amorphous and crystalline GSST. The first one realizes a four-spot focal system with linearly-polarized incidence based on polarization multiplexing. It adds a new polarization degree of freedom compared with traditional varifocal metasurfaces. Compared with traditional spatial-multiplexing method, our second metasurface enables the independent control of the polarization and phase profiles of circularly-polarized light. Remarkably, it reduces energy loss and crosstalk. We believe the novel scenarios of combing GSST with similar materials provide a new direction for tunable metasurfaces based on PCMs.
Optofluidic tunable broadband distributed Bragg reflector based on liquid crystal polymer composites
Authors: Li Shi-Long , Wang Shi-Hao , Luo Wei-Cheng , You Lu-Qian , Li Sen-Sen , Chen Lu-Jian
Published: August 2022

A dynamically reconfigurable liquid crystal (LC) photonic device is an important research field in modern LC photonics. We present a type of continuously tunable distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) based on LC polymer composites modulated via a novel optofluidic method. LC-templated DBR films are fabricated by photopolymerization under visible standing wave interference. The influences of the incident angle, incident light intensity, and content of ethanol as a pore-forming additive on the reflection behavior are discussed in detail. Then, the LC-templated DBR films are integrated into microfluidic channels and reversibly refilled by different organic solvents. The reconfigurable characteristics of optofluidic DBRs were demonstrated by changing the average refractive index (RI) of the mixed liquids and adjusting the flow rates, resulting in the dynamic and continuous variation of the reflection band within a specific visible light band. It is anticipated that the prototype optofluidic LC device will hopefully be applied to some specific scenarios where conventional means of regulation, such as electric, optical, and temperature fields, are unsuitable and possibly boost the development of microfluidic analysis techniques based on structural color.
Full-space dual-helicity decoupled metasurface for a high-efficiency multi-folded reflective antenna
Authors: Yang Weixu , Chen Ke , Dong Shufang , Wu Linxiao , Qu Kai , Zhao Junming , Jiang Tian , Feng Yijun
Published: August 2022

The independent tailoring of electromagnetic waves with different circular-polarized (CP) wavefront in both reflection and transmission channels is of broad scientific and technical interest, offering ultimate degrees of freedom in designing advanced devices with the merits of functionality integration and spatial exploitation. However, most metasurfaces only provide dependent wavefront control of dual-helicity in a single channel, restricting their applications to limited practical scenarios. Herein, we propose a full-space dual-helicity decoupled metasurface and apply it to assemble a multi-folded reflective antenna (MFRA) in the microwave regime. A multilayered chiral meta-atom is designed and optimized to reflect a particular helical wave while allowing the orthogonal helical wave to penetrate through, with simultaneous full span of phase modulations in both channels. When a uniform reflection and a hyperbolic transmission phase profile is imposed simultaneously on the metasurface in a polarization-selective manner, it can be engineered to conduct specular reflection for one helical wave and convergent transmission of the other helical wave. Combining the proposed metasurface with a metallic plate as a bottom reflector and an integrated microstrip patch antenna in the center of metasurface as a feed, a MFRA is realized with a low profile, high efficiency, and high polarization purity in a broad frequency band. The proposed design method of the dual-helicity decoupled metasurface and its antenna application provide opportunities for high-performance functional devices, promising more potential in future communication and detection systems.
Theoretical and practical guide for an axial superresolved focus via Gouy phase steering
Authors: Liu Xiaowei , Xia Xiaolan , Yao Zhuofan , Zhang Tianyue , Jiang Meiling , Yang Qing , Li Xiangping , Cao Yaoyu
Published: August 2022

Achieving an axial superresolved focus with a single lens by simply inserting a modulation mask in the pupil plane is preferred due to its compact configuration and general applicability. However, lack of a universal theoretical model to manifest the superresolved focusing mechanism vastly complicates the mask design and hinders optimal resolution. Here we establish an interference model and find out that the axial resolution closely relates to the Gouy phase gradient (GPG) at the focal point. Using a GPG tuning-based optimization approach, the axial resolution of a ring-mask-modulated beam is readily improved to attain superresolved focal depth for multiple types of pupil function and polarization. In experiment, a focus with an axial resolution of 27% improved from the diffraction limit and 11% finer than the previously reported record is demonstrated for the radially polarized beam. In simulations, a spherical focus with 3D isotropic resolution and a superoscillation-like axial modulation behavior toward extremely high axial resolution is also presented. This approach can be applied for varied types of pupil function, wavelength, and polarization, and can be easily transferred to other traditional or superresolution microscopes to upgrade their axial resolution.
Novel feature selection methods for construction of accurate epigenetic clocks
Authors: Li Adam , Mueller Amber , English Brad , Arena Anthony , Vera Daniel , Kane Alice E. , Sinclair David A.
Published: August 2022

Epigenetic clocks allow us to accurately predict the age and future health of individuals based on the methylation status of specific CpG sites in the genome and are a powerful tool to measure the effectiveness of longevity interventions. There is a growing need for methods to efficiently construct epigenetic clocks. The most common approach is to create clocks using elastic net regression modelling of all measured CpG sites, without first identifying specific features or CpGs of interest. The addition of feature selection approaches provides the opportunity to optimise the identification of predictive CpG sites. Here, we apply novel feature selection methods and combinatorial approaches including newly adapted neural networks, genetic algorithms, and ‘chained’ combinations. Human whole blood methylation data of ~470,000 CpGs was used to develop clocks that predict age with R2 correlation scores of greater than 0.73, the most predictive of which uses 35 CpG sites for a R2 correlation score of 0.87. The five most frequent sites across all clocks were modelled to build a clock with a R2 correlation score of 0.83. These two clocks are validated on two external datasets where they maintain excellent predictive accuracy. When compared with three published epigenetic clocks (Hannum, Horvath, Weidner) also applied to these validation datasets, our clocks outperformed all three models. We identified gene regulatory regions associated with selected CpGs as possible targets for future aging studies. Thus, our feature selection algorithms build accurate, generalizable clocks with a low number of CpG sites, providing important tools for the field.
Modeling age-specific incidence of colon cancer via niche competition
Authors: Lange Steffen , Mogwitz Richard , Hünniger Denis , Voß-Böhme Anja
Published: August 2022

Cancer development is a multistep process often starting with a single cell in which a number of epigenetic and genetic alterations have accumulated thus transforming it into a tumor cell. The progeny of such a single benign tumor cell expands in the tissue and can at some point progress to malignant tumor cells until a detectable tumor is formed. The dynamics from the early phase of a single cell to a detectable tumor with billions of tumor cells are complex and still not fully resolved, not even for the well-known prototype of multistage carcinogenesis, the adenoma-adenocarcinoma sequence of colorectal cancer. Mathematical models of such carcinogenesis are frequently tested and calibrated based on reported age-specific incidence rates of cancer, but they usually require calibration of four or more parameters due to the wide range of processes these models aim to reflect. We present a cell-based model, which focuses on the competition between wild-type and tumor cells in colonic crypts, with which we are able reproduce epidemiological incidence rates of colon cancer. Additionally, the fraction of cancerous tumors with precancerous lesions predicted by the model agree with clinical estimates. The correspondence between model and reported data suggests that the fate of tumor development is majorly determined by the early phase of tumor growth and progression long before a tumor becomes detectable. Due to the focus on the early phase of tumor development, the model has only a single fit parameter, the time scale set by an effective replacement rate of stem cells in the crypt. We find this effective rate to be considerable smaller than the actual replacement rate, which implies that the time scale is limited by the processes succeeding clonal conversion of crypts.
Avoiding costly mistakes in groups: The evolution of error management in collective decision making
Authors: Tump Alan N. , Wolf Max , Romanczuk Pawel , Kurvers Ralf H. J. M.
Published: August 2022

Individuals continuously have to balance the error costs of alternative decisions. A wealth of research has studied how single individuals navigate this, showing that individuals develop response biases to avoid the more costly error. We, however, know little about the dynamics in groups facing asymmetrical error costs and when social influence amplifies either safe or risky behavior. Here, we investigate this by modeling the decision process and information flow with a drift–diffusion model extended to the social domain. In the model individuals first gather independent personal information; they then enter a social phase in which they can either decide early based on personal information, or wait for additional social information. We combined the model with an evolutionary algorithm to derive adaptive behavior. We find that under asymmetric costs, individuals in large cooperative groups do not develop response biases because such biases amplify at the collective level, triggering false information cascades. Selfish individuals, however, undermine the group’s performance for their own benefit by developing higher response biases and waiting for more information. Our results have implications for our understanding of the social dynamics in groups facing asymmetrical errors costs, such as animal groups evading predation or police officers holding a suspect at gunpoint.
Utilisation of semiconductor sequencing for detection of actionable fusions in solid tumours
Authors: Loddo Marco , Hardisty Keeda-Marie , Llewelyn Alexander , Haddow Tiffany , Thatcher Robert , Williams Gareth
Published: August 2022

Oncogenic fusions represent compelling druggable targets in solid tumours highlighted by the recent site agnostic FDA approval of larotrectinib for NTRK rearrangements. However screening for fusions in routinely processed tissue samples is constrained due to degradation of nucleic acid as a result of formalin fixation., To investigate the clinical utility of semiconductor sequencing optimised for detection of actionable fusion transcripts in formalin fixed samples, we have undertaken an analysis of test trending data generated by a clinically validated next generation sequencing platform designed to capture 867 of the most clinically relevant druggable driver-partner oncogenic fusions. Here we show across a real-life cohort of 1112 patients with solid tumours that actionable fusions occur at high frequency (7.4%) with linkage to a wide range of targeted therapy protocols including seven fusion-drug matches with FDA/EMA approval and/or NCCN/ESMO recommendations and 80 clinical trials. The more prevalent actionable fusions identified were independent of tumour type in keeping with signalling via evolutionary conserved RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK, PI3K/AKT/MTOR, PLCy/PKC and JAK/STAT pathways. Taken together our data indicates that semiconductor sequencing for detection of actionable fusions can be integrated into routine diagnostic pathology workflows enabling the identification of personalised treatment options that have potential to improve clinical cancer management across many tumour types.
Effectiveness and quality of risk communication process in Ethiopia: The case of risk communication during cholera outbreak in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Adera Nardos Gelana , Ketema Bezawit , Girma Eshetu
Published: August 2022

Background

WHO states risk communication as the conversation of actual information, guidance, and thoughts between specialists and people fronting risks to their well-being, economic or social safety. As risk communication activities are complex and costly usually, evaluation assessment are the best approach to advance risk communication interventions. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of risk communication and the quality of health communication materials developed during the 2019 cholera outbreak at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Methods

A community-based parallel mixed design was conducted from May to June 2020 at Addis Ababa. A total of 605 adults were selected randomly from Addis Ketema sub-city and ten purposely selected adults were interviewed for qualitative data. In addition eight health communication materials on cholera were randomly selected for evaluation. The quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. After audio recorded interviews transcribed verbatim and translated into English the qualitative data were entered into open code version 4.02 for analysis. And then the data were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Result

Respondents exposed for cholera related messages and outbreak information were 71.8% and 52.7% respectively. Respondents have moderate knowledge for cholera with (M = 14.72 and SD ±4.02) with (0–34) scale range. Both Television and radio spots were found as simple and easy to understand and printed health communication materials score low quality. Poor documentation, lack of data management system and less attention for risk communication activities were identified as a gaps in risk communication in the study settings.

Conclusion

this study revealed the positive effects of risk communication messages in increasing individuals’ knowledge. Even though the risk communication spots were found to be simple and easy to understand, the quality of printed materials was low and less attention was given for the risk-communication activities. Thus, strengthening the quality of risk communication and materials development process is very important to bring desired effects in disease prevention strategies and for effective emergency responses in the future.
Essential oil composition of Callistemon citrinus (Curtis) and its protective efficacy against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
Authors: Ramachandran Maduraiveeran , Baskar Kathirvelu , Jayakumar Manickkam
Published: August 2022

Tribolium castaneum is one of the major pests of stored grains which causes extensive damages. To control this insect pest many synthetic chemical pesticides are used. However, continuous usage of synthetic fumigants causes pest resurgence, toxic residues, genetic resistance in pests, environmental contamination and health hazards etc., To avert these problems, essential oils are used as bio-fumigants to control the stored pests. They could act as best alternatives to synthetic fumigant in closed environment. Hence, the present study aimed to evaluate the pesticidal activity of Callistemon citrinus oil against Tribolium castaneum. GC-MS analysis of C. citrinus essential oil (EO) showed 10 compounds; among them, the major constituent was eucalyptol (1, 8-cineole) at 40.44%. The lethal concentration (LC50) values were 37.05 μL/L (adults) and 144.31 μL/L (larvae) at 24 and 48 hrs respectively. Exposure to C. citrinus EO significantly reduced the beetle fecundity, ovicidal activity, egg hatchability, larvae survival and emergence of adult. The effect of EO on enzymatic activity of T. castaneum adults was examined using Acetylcholinesterase, α-Carboxylesterase, β-Carboxylesterase, Glutathione-S-Transferase, Acid and Alkaline phosphatase assays. The results indicated that the activity of detoxification enzymes drastically varied when compared with control. This EO had toxicant effects on all stages of the life of T. castaneum.
ANRIL regulates multiple molecules of pathogenetic significance in diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Sooshtari Parisa , Feng Biao , Biswas Saumik , Levy Michael , Lin Hanxin , Su Zhaoliang , Chakrabarti Subrata
Published: August 2022

Background

Hyperglycemia-induced transcriptional alterations lead to aberrant synthesis of a large number of pathogenetic molecules leading to functional and structural damage to multiple end organs including the kidneys. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) remains a major cause of end stage renal disease. Multiple epigenetic mechanisms, including alteration of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) may play a significant role mediating the cellular transcriptional activities. We have previously shown that lncRNA ANRIL may mediate diabetes associated molecular, functional and structural abnormalities in DN. Here we explored downstream mechanisms of ANRIL alteration in DN.

Methods

We used renal cortical tissues from ANRIL knockout (KO) mice and wild type (WT) mice, with or without streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes for RNA sequencing. The differentially expressed genes were identified using edgeR and DESeq2 computational methods. KEGG and Reactome pathway analyses and network analyses using STRING and IPA were subsequently performed.

Results

Diabetic animals showed hyperglycemia, reduced body weight gain, polyuria and increased urinary albumin. Both albuminuria and polyuria were corrected in the KO diabetic mice. RNA analyses showed Diabetes induced alterations of a large number of transcripts in the wild type (WT) animals. ANRIL knockout (KO) prevented a large number of such alterations. The altered transcripts include metabolic pathways, apoptosis, extracellular matrix protein synthesis and degradation, NFKB related pathways, AGE-RAGE interaction pathways etc. ANRIL KO prevented majority of these pathways.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that as ANRIL regulates a large number of molecules of pathogenetic significance, it may potentially be a drug target for DN and other chronic diabetic complications.
Identified risk factors for dry eye syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Qian Lijun , Wei Wei
Published: August 2022

A meta-analytic approach was used to identify potential risk factors for dry eye syndrome. PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library were systematically searched for studies investigated the risk factors for dry eye syndrome from their inception until September 2021. The odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated using the random-effects model. Forty-eight studies comprising 493,630 individuals were included. Older age (OR: 1.82; P<0.001), female sex (OR: 1.56; P<0.001), other race (OR: 1.27; P<0.001), visual display terminal use (OR: 1.32; P<0.001), cataract surgery (OR: 1.80; P<0.001), contact lens wear (OR: 1.74; P<0.001), pterygium (OR: 1.85; P = 0.014), glaucoma (OR: 1.77; P = 0.007), eye surgery (OR: 1.65; P<0.001), depression (OR: 1.83; P<0.001), post-traumatic stress disorder (OR: 1.65; P<0.001), sleep apnea (OR: 1.57; P = 0.003), asthma (OR: 1.43; P<0.001), allergy (OR: 1.38; P<0.001), hypertension (OR: 1.12; P = 0.004), diabetes mellitus (OR: 1.15; P = 0.019), cardiovascular disease (OR: 1.20; P<0.001), stroke (OR: 1.32; P<0.001), rosacea (OR: 1.99; P = 0.001), thyroid disease (OR: 1.60; P<0.001), gout (OR: 1.40; P<0.001), migraines (OR: 1.53; P<0.001), arthritis (OR: 1.76; P<0.001), osteoporosis (OR: 1.36; P = 0.030), tumor (OR: 1.46; P<0.001), eczema (OR: 1.30; P<0.001), and systemic disease (OR: 1.45; P = 0.007) were associated with an increased risk of dry eye syndrome. This study reported risk factors for dry eye syndrome, and identified patients at high risk for dry eye syndrome.
Longitudinal causal effect of modified creatinine index on all-cause mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease: Accounting for time-varying confounders using G-estimation
Authors: Aryaie Mohammad , Sharifi Hamid , Saber Azadeh , Salehi Farzaneh , Etminan Mahyar , Nazemipour Maryam , Mansournia Mohammad Ali
Published: August 2022

Background

Standard regression modeling may cause biased effect estimates in the presence of time-varying confounders affected by prior exposure. This study aimed to quantify the relationship between declining in modified creatinine index (MCI), as a surrogate marker of lean body mass, and mortality among end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients using G-estimation accounting appropriately for time-varying confounders.

Methods

A retrospective cohort of all registered ESRD patients (n = 553) was constructed over 8 years from 2011 to 2019, from 3 hemodialysis centers at Kerman, southeast of Iran. According to changes in MCI, patients were dichotomized to either the decline group or no-decline group. Subsequently the effect of interest was estimated using G-estimation and compared with accelerated failure time (AFT) Weibull models using two modelling strategies.

Results

Standard models demonstrated survival time ratios of 0.91 (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.64 to 1.28) and 0.84 (95% CI: 0.58 to 1.23) in patients in the decline MCI group compared to those in no-decline MCI group. This effect was demonstrated to be 0.57 (-95% CI: 0.21 to 0.81) using G-estimation.

Conclusion

Declining in MCI increases mortality in patients with ESRD using G-estimation, while the AFT standard models yield biased effect estimate toward the null.
Dysregulation of the hippocampal neuronal network by LGI1 auto-antibodies
Authors: Fels Elodie , Mayeur Marie-Eve , Wayere Estelle , Vincent Clémentine , Malleval Céline , Honnorat Jérôme , Pascual Olivier
Published: August 2022

LGI1 is a neuronal secreted protein highly expressed in the hippocampus. Epileptic seizures and LGI1 hypo-functions have been found in both ADLTE, a genetic epileptogenic syndrome and LGI1 limbic encephalitis (LE), an autoimmune disease. Studies, based mainly on transgenic mouse models, investigated the function of LGI1 in the CNS and strangely showed that LGI1 loss of function, led to a decreased AMPA-receptors (AMPA-R) expression. Our project intends at better understanding how an altered function of LGI1 leads to epileptic seizures. To reach our goal, we infused mice with LGI1 IgG purified from the serum of patients diagnozed with LGI1 LE. Super resolution imaging revealed that LGI1 IgG reduced AMPA-R expression at the surface of inhibitory and excitatory neurons only in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Complementary electrophysiological approaches indicated that despite reduced AMPA-R expression, LGI1 IgG increased the global hyperexcitability in the hippocampal neuronal network. Decreased AMPA-R expression at inhibitory neurons and the lack of LGI1 IgG effect in presence of GABA antagonist on excitability, led us to conclude that LGI1 function might be essential for the proper functioning of the overall network and orchestrate the imbalance between inhibition and excitation. Our work suggests that LGI1 IgG reduced the inhibitory network activity more significantly than the excitatory network shedding lights on the essential role of the inhibitory network to trigger epileptic seizures in patients with LGI1 LE.
Is biomass fuel smoke exposure associated with anemia in non-pregnant reproductive-aged women?
Authors: Pathirathna Malshani Lakshika , Samarasekara Buddhini Piumi Pabasara. , Mendis Charitha , Dematawewa Chandraratne Mahinda Bandara , Sekijima Kayako , Sadakata Mieko , Muramatsu Yoshiyuki , Fujiwara Naoshi
Published: August 2022

Objectives

Sri Lanka is a developing country where the majority of households still rely on firewood for cooking. Furthermore, the prevalence of anemia among reproductive-aged women is of moderate public health importance, according the classification of World Health Organization. Despite the researchers’ ongoing efforts to investigate a link between solid fuel smoke exposure and anemia, the veracity of their findings remains uncertain. As a result, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between biomass fuel smoke exposure and anemia in non-pregnant reproductive-aged women in Sri Lanka.

Methods

A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 382 non-pregnant reproductive-aged (15 to 49 years) women in Central Province, Sri Lanka. Data was collected using a standardized interviewer-administered questionnaire, and exposure was assessed using a breath carbon monoxide monitor. Drabkin’s cynomethhemoglobin technique was used to determine blood hemoglobin concentration.

Results

The overall prevalence of anemia was 36.1%. The logistic regression model revealed no effect of cooking fuel type on anemic or non-anemic status after adjusting for potential confounding factors (p > 0.05). The multivariate regression analysis also discovered that cooking fuel type had no effect on women’s blood hemoglobin concentration.

Conclusions

The study results suggest no impact of solid fuel smoke exposure on anemia among non-pregnant, reproductive-aged women. Larger scale prospective cohort studies are recommended. The reasons behind the high prevalence of anemia among reproductive-aged women should be further investigated, and corrective measures should be implemented urgently.
Dose-response relationship of in vivo ambulatory load and mechanosensitive cartilage biomarkers—The role of age, tissue health and inflammation: A study protocol
Authors: Herger Simon , Vach Werner , Nüesch Corina , Liphardt Anna-Maria , Egloff Christian , Mündermann Annegret
Published: August 2022

Objective

To describe a study protocol for investigating the in vivo dose-response relationship between ambulatory load magnitude and mechanosensitive blood markers of articular cartilage, the influence of age, cartilage tissue health and presence of inflammation on this relationship, and its ability to predict changes in articular cartilage quality and morphology within 2 years.

Design

Prospective experimental multimodal (clinical, biomechanical, biological) data collection under walking stress and three different load conditions varied in a randomized crossover design.

Experimental protocol

At baseline, equal numbers of healthy and anterior cruciate ligament injured participants aged 20–30 or 40–60 years will be assessed clinically and complete questionnaires regarding their knee health. Biomechanical parameters (joint kinetics, joint kinematics, and surface electromyography) will be recorded while performing different tasks including overground and treadmill walking, single leg balance and hopping tasks. Magnetic resonance images (MRI) of both of knees will be obtained. On separate stress test days, participants will perform a 30-minute walking stress with either reduced (80% body weight (BW)), normal (100%BW) or increased (120%BW) load. Serum blood samples will be taken immediately before, immediately after, 30, 120 and 210 minutes after the walking stress. Concentration of articular cartilage blood biomarkers will be assessed using enzyme linked immunosorbent assays. At 24-month follow-up, participants will be again assessed clinically, undergo an MRI, complete questionnaires, and have a blood sample taken.

Conclusion

The study design provides a standardized set up that allows to better understand the influence of ambulatory load on articular cartilage biomarkers and thereby extend current knowledge on in vivo cartilage metabolism and mechanosensitivity. Further, this study will help to elucidate the prognostic value of the load-induced cartilage biomarker response for early articular cartilage degeneration.

Trial registration

The protocol was approved by the regional ethics committee and has been registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04128566).
Does previous circumcision and wealth index influence women’s attitude to discontinue the practice of female genital mutilation and cutting (FGM/C) in Ethiopia?
Authors: Ahmed Mohammed , Seid Abdu , Seid Seada , Yimer Ali
Published: August 2022

Introduction

understanding women’s attitudes towards female genital mutilation is an important step towards eliminating this practice. We used the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) data set to examine the relationship between wealth index, and previous history of circumcision on women’s opinions whether female genital mutilation (FGM) should be continued or stopped in Ethiopia.

Methods

Data from 6984 women aged 15–49 years were extracted from the 2016 Ethiopia EDHS data set. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to analyse the data.

Result

In this study, women with a higher level of education and wealth index were more likely to support the cessation of FGM. However, circumcised women (AOR: 0.22; 95% CI: 0.15–0.32), women from the Afar region (AOR: 0.34; 95% CI: 0.22–0.50), Somali region (AOR: 0.42; 95% CI: 0.27–0.65), and Dire Dawa region (AOR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.32–0.83) were less likely to support discontinuation of FGM.

Conclusion

The present study revealed that wealth index, education level, history of circumcision, and regional variation are associated with women’s attitude towards discontinuation of the practice of FGM in Ethiopia. Empowering women in terms of socioeconomic status and education can change attitudes and might help prevent female genital mutilation in the future. Furthermore, interventions targeting FGM practices should focus on regional variance in order to have a meaningful impact on reducing this harmful cultural practice in Ethiopia.