bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phytochemical and Antibacterial Screening of Chromolaena odorata Leaf Extract
Authors: Ishak Norlizawati , Usaizan Norhanizan , Raffi Akmal
Published: March 2024

The discovery of antibacterial drugs from natural sources as a substitute for preventing bacterial resistance has become necessary due to the increase in bacterial drug resistance. Chromolaena odorata has been reported to have antibacterial effects. Therefore, this study investigated the phytochemical components and antibacterial properties of C. odorata leaves. C. odorata leaves were collected, prepared, and extracted using a standard procedure with 95% methanol and 95% ethanol, respectively. Both extracts were subjected to phytochemical screening and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry to detect phytochemical compounds. Chromolaena odorata methanolic extract at a concentration of 50 mg/mL, 100 mg/mL, 150 mg/mL and 200 mg/mL was carried out for antibacterial screening using the agar well diffusion tested on Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 43330), Bacillus subtilis (B29), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 15442). The methanolic extract was present with tannin, terpenoid, alkaloid, and saponin while ethanolic extract was present with tannin and alkaloid. The GC-MS chromatogram identified as many as 27 and 19 compounds for ethanolic and methanolic extract, respectively. The C. odorata ethanolic extract consists mainly of Phenol (0.51%), Sesquiterpenoid (20.69%) and Fatty acid (39.2%). Meanwhile, C. odorata methanolic extract consists of Sesquiterpenoid (62.26%) and Fatty acid (17.11%). Antibacterial activity of S. aureus was the highest inhibition zone diameter with 7.67 mm to 10.33 mm from 50 mg/ml to 200 mg/mL concentration of C. odorata extract. Escherichia coli and B. subtilis inhibition zones diameter was 200 mg/mL concentration of C. odorata extract. No antibacterial activities were obtained for P. aeruginosa. This study suggests that C. odorata consists of a variety of phytochemicals and contains antibacterial properties. Thus, C. odorata represents a promising natural source for antibacterial resistance drugs.
Development and Validity Analysis of the ITS Learning Module for the Shadow Clarity Subtopic for Second Year Science Subjects
Authors: Mohamad Abdul Zul Hanizam , Mat Daud Anis Nazihah , Mohd Razak Nur Raihana , Hasim Nurhafizah
Published: March 2024

Critical and creative thinking skills (CCTS) are essential to produce an individual that can help Malaysia to achieve the developed nation status. Thus, this study was conducted to develop the Into The Shadows (ITS) learning module for the Shadow Clarity subtopic of Science Year Two subject. The module was developed based on five phases of the ADDIE instructional design model. However, this study only focuses on the development phase of the ITS learning module. The developed module contains scientific investigation activity based on the structured inquiry learning strategy about the resulting shadow clarity as the light passes through three different types of materials to promote the CCTS practice among Year Two students. The module also applies the cross-curriculum element when students are asked to apply the parallel line technique in recording the resulting shadows. The validity of the module was evaluated by three experts. The validity analysis indicated that the module had high face validity and content validity values, which were 95% and 100%, respectively. The developed ITS learning module is expected to be able to promote the CCTS practice among Year Two students.
Development of Game Integrated Learning Module for Animal Breeding Subtopic for Year Two Science
Authors: Ariffin Nurul Hazwani , Mat Daud Anis Nazihah , Mohd Razak Nur Raihana , Mohamad Abdul Zul Hanizam , Abdullah Norazilawati , Hasim Nurhafizah
Published: March 2024

Game is one of the elements that can be applied in teaching and learning sessions to enhance students’ motivation in learning the topics being taught. Therefore, this study was conducted to develop a game-integrated learning module for the subtopic of Animal Breeding for Science Year Two. The module was developed based on the five phases in the ADDIE instructional design model. However, this study only focuses on the development and validity analysis of the module. The module applies a cross-curricular element as students are asked to construct masks of animals which lay eggs and give birth. The module also integrates the game element that requires students to wear the constructed animal masks and gather around according to the selected animal categories. The developed learning module was evaluated from face and content validity aspects by three experts. The validity analysis indicated that the module has high expert agreement percentages in terms of face validity (93%) and content validity (92%). The developed game-integrated learning module is expected to attract students' interest in learning Science and increase their understanding on the animal breeding method.
Development Of Self-Use Module For The Problem-Solving Framework Of The Number And Mathematical Operations In The Form Of Higher Order Thinking Skill (HOTS) Using The Bar Model
Authors: Mohd Abdul Aziz Azrul Azwan , Puteh Marzita , Adnan Mazlini
Published: March 2024

The curriculum transformation implemented in the Malaysian Education Development Plan (PPPM) 2013-2025 PPPM emphasizes the concept of high-order thinking skills (HOTS) applied in Mathematical problem-solving skills. However, it is seen to surprise the pupils and was not handled well. The level of achievement of the majority of the pupils in this country in Mathematics is still unsatisfactory. Pupils have difficulty getting good performance in Mathematics especially in public examinations in Malaysia. The mathematical problem-solving framework in the form of HOTS (KP2MK) using the Bar Model strategy that has been developed is seen to help overcome this problem. Therefore, this self-use module developed to ensure that KP2MK using the Bar Model strategy can be used optimally. It can be used as a guide for teachers and pupils in applying KP2MK using the Bar Model strategy in the teaching and learning (TnL) process in the classroom. The self-use module of KP2MK using the Bar Model strategy has been developed based on the Sidek and Jamaludin Module Development Model (2005). This self-use module has obtained validation from 5 experts in the field of Mathematics education. To ensure it has high reliability, a pilot study was conducted involving 35 pupils. The findings indicated that this self-use module has good content validity of 93% (content validity coefficient > 0.70) and good reliability (Cronbach's Alpha coefficient value = 0.96). The implications of the study show that this self-use module definitely can be used as a guide for teachers and students in applying KP2MK using the Bar Model strategy optimally in the TnL process in the classroom.
Development and Usability of SLEQ Kit Topic of Linear Equation
Authors: Chai Hui Ming , Adenan Nur Hamiza , Abd Karim Nor Suriya , Yahya Faridah Hanim , Rajoo Murugan , Abdul Majid Faiq
Published: March 2024

Student-centred learning involves students in the use of teaching tools in teaching, and learning. Students’ involvements can contribute to students' mastery mathematical problem-solving skills, especially in the field of algebra. Linear Equation is in the field of algebra. It requires teaching aids to help students understand the concepts for solving problems involving linear equations of one variable. Thus, a study aimed to develop SLEQ kits with sufficient validity and usability from the perspective of trainee teachers. The SLEQ kit development process is based on the ADDIE instructional model and Jerome Bruner's learning theory. A validity questionnaire was used to obtain an assessment of face validity and content validity for the SLEQ kit and involved three experts who were appointed among experienced teachers in the field of mathematics. In order to evaluate the SLEQ kit’s usability, a convenience sampling method was used to select 30 trainee teachers. Expert evaluations of SLEQ kits were analysed using the Content Validity Index (CVI). Meanwhile, the usability of the SLEQ kit refers to the mean score value. The study's findings showed that the value of IKK is 1.00, which is sufficient for expert evaluation of the SLEQ kit’s face and content validity. The results of the SLEQ kit usability analysis showed a high level of usability with 3.70 in terms of suitability of kit use, ease of kit use and satisfaction of kit use. In conclusion, the SLEQ kit is suitable to use by students, easy to use and provides user satisfaction to students from the perspective of trainee teachers. The implication is that the development of the SLEQ kit can help teachers and students implement the teaching and learning process and increase students' understanding of mathematical concepts for the topic of Linear Equations.
Development and Usability of V-Math as a Teaching Aid for the Topic of Three-Dimensional Geometrical Shapes
Authors: Che Lah Nur Fitri Alia , Abd Karim Nor Suriya , Adenan Nur Hamiza , Tarmizi Rawdah Adawiyah , Md Husin Nor Hafizah , Che Abd Rani Nurulhuda
Published: March 2024

Underperformance in the subject of Mathematics as well as pupils’ low performance in the area of geometry are common in previous findings in the education area. These problems occur because pupils have difficulty in understanding the concepts learned because of the teaching strategies used are not suitable for the lesson conducted. Hence, this study is conducted to develop a teaching aid (V-Math) and to determine its usability in learning Three-Dimensional Geometrical Shapes in mathematics subject in Form Two in the aspects of achievement of learning objectives, comprehension, user-friendly and interest. This study is a quantitative study that adapts developmental research design (DRD) as the research design. As many as 100 mathematics trainee teachers are taken into consideration as the population of this study and 80 of them become the sample of this study chosen by random sampling technique. The questionnaires are administered as the instruments that being used to collect data of this study. The data are analysed descriptively by percentage, mean score and standard deviation. The findings of the study showed that the respondents' evaluation on the usability of V-Math as the teaching aid in learning Three-Dimensional Geometrical Shapes is high with an average mean for mastery of learning is 3.73, comprehension is 3.70, user -friendly is 3.61 and interest is 3.69. As the findings of this study portray a high level of the usability of V-Math as a teaching aid in learning Three-Dimensional Geometrical Shapes, this suggested that teaching aid can be an alternative for teachers to deliver knowledge and concepts of geometrical shapes and hence may diversify techniques and approaches in teaching mathematics.
Host-Guest Sensing Interactions of Calixarene-Entrapped Para-Aminobenzoic Acid Using the Langmuir Technique
Authors: Wong Yeong Yi , Supian Faridah Lisa , Abd Karim Nur Farah Nadia , Musa Mazlina , Mohd Azmi Mohd Syahriman , Ratnawulan Ratnawulan
Published: March 2024

Calixarenes are frequently studied as the host supramolecule in drug carrier applications. The ability to encapsulate and control drug delivery is due to their unique structures with a hydrophobic upper rim and a hydrophilic lower rim. Para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) is a drug used as the main ingredient in sunscreen products with photoallergic contact dermatitis effects. This study has been motivated by the necessity of developing a PABA sensor even at a deficient concentration. In this work, the uses of two calixarenes, calix[4]arene (C4) and calix[6]arene (C6), in entrapping the PABA drug have been studied using the Langmuir technique. In the Langmuir-Blodgett trough, calixarenes in solution form were prepared and spread on the subphase to form the Langmuir monolayer. The formation of Langmuir films by C4 and C6 has been investigated based on the surface pressure-area ( - ) isotherm and surface potential-area ( - ) isotherm recorded using Langmuir apparatus KSV 2000 System 2. The differences and changes of the isotherms with the presence of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) in the subphase during the formation of Langmuir films have been observed and studied. The interactions between calixarenes and PABA have been shown by the effective dipole moment ( ) of the calixarene-PABA complexes calculated based on the results using the Helmholtz equation. Host-guest interaction shown by the sensing of PABA by calixarenes happens most probably at the lower rim of calixarenes due to the amphiphilic property of calixarenes. The findings of this study can be applied to the potential application of drug sensors using C4 and C6.
Energy Band Gap Investigation using First Principle Simulation and Tauc Plot Method of Calixarene and Calixarene-Drug Inclusion Complexes
Authors: Abd Karim Nur Farah Nadia , Supian Faridah Lisa , Wong Yeong Yi , Radzwan Afiq , Musa Mazlina , Shaari Amiruddin , F. Al Naim Abdullah
Published: March 2024

Calixarene has attract attention especially in drug delivery and drug sensor systems due to its peculiar properties, such as functional diversity of the upper and lower rims, hydrophobic cavity, chemical stability, zero toxicity, and controlled release profile. These properties make this supramolecule an ideal candidate for drug encapsulation and sensors. P-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) is a drug in sunscreen which is widely used as a ultraviolet (UV) filter and sunburn protector to protect against solar rays. The calix[n]arene (n=4,6,8) and the host-guest interaction of calix[n]-PABA were characterized using UV–visible spectroscopy and the first-principles pseudopotential method, based on the density functional theory (DFT) and the plane-wave method as implemented into Quantum Espresso code. The DFT calculation is performed to find the estimated calix[n]arene and calix[n]arene-drug band gap. The band gap calculated using DFT has usually underestimated the insulating materials for about 30 – 50% of the experimental gap values, depending on the selected type of exchange-correlation chosen. The optical band gap value of calix[n]arene and calix[n]-PABA obtained from the UV-Visible absorption spectrum estimated using the Tauc plot are then compared with the band gap computed by DFT. The band gap narrowing shown by the complexes indicates that calix[n]arene and PABA reacted. Besides, calix[8]arene is the most promising host in this study since the calix[8]-PABA complex has the most significant binding energy. The band gaps and binding energy results will become a reference for future research in calixarene and calixarene-drug material.
Analysis of the Impact Study of the Inclusive and Sustainable Development of the Smart City of the Indonesian Archipelago Capital (IKN): Mix Methods Study
Authors: Syailendra Mira , Annisa Tri Hanggono
Published: March 2024

The Indonesian government plans to build a new National Capital (IKN) in East Kalimantan with an inclusive and sustainable smart city concept. IKN development is expected to have a positive impact on various aspects, such as the economy, social and environment. This research uses a mixed methods method, which combines qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitative data was obtained through interviews with experts and stakeholders, while quantitative data was obtained through surveys of the community. The research results show that the development of IKN has the potential to have a significant positive impact on the economy, social and environment. However, there are several potential negative impacts that need to be considered and mitigated. The development of IKN can be a great opportunity for Indonesia to create an inclusive and sustainable smart city. However, careful planning and implementation is needed to maximize positive impacts and minimize negative impacts.
The Influence of Human-AI Interaction in the Decision-Making Process in the Health Sector: A Study at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital, Padang, Indonesia
Authors: Armansyah Muhammad
Published: March 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) plays an increasingly important role in the health sector, including in the decision-making process. Human-AI interaction can help doctors diagnose diseases, provide treatment recommendations, and improve the quality of patient care. This research uses experimental studies to investigate the influence of human-AI interactions in the decision-making process in the health sector. Two groups of doctors were included: a group that used AI to aid decision making and a control group that did not use AI. The research results showed that the group of doctors who used AI had better performance in terms of diagnostic accuracy, time efficiency and patient satisfaction. Human-AI interaction can help doctors make better decisions and improve the quality of patient care.
Analysis of Environmental Social Governance (ESG) Impact Study on Local Cultural Wisdom: A Case Study at PT Bukit Asam Tanjungenim, South Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Yulianti Yulianti
Published: March 2024

The implementation of Environmental Social Governance (ESG) in Indonesia is increasingly being implemented, including in the mining sector. PT Bukit Asam (PTBA) as one of the largest coal mining companies in Indonesia has implemented ESG in its operations. This research aims to analyze the impact of PTBA's ESG implementation on local cultural wisdom in the Tanjungenim area, South Sumatera. This research uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. Data collection was carried out through interviews with key informants, participant observation and documentation. Data were analyzed using qualitative data analysis techniques. The research results show that PTBA's ESG implementation has both positive and negative impacts on local cultural wisdom. The positive impacts include: (1) increasing public awareness about the importance of protecting the environment; (2) increasing community participation in decision making related to the environment; (3) improving the quality of life of the community through community empowerment programs. The negative impacts include: (1) changes in local cultural values due to external cultural influences; (2) the occurrence of social conflict between indigenous communities and companies; (3) loss of local traditions and culture due to modernization. In conclusion, PTBA's ESG implementation has positive and negative impacts on local cultural wisdom. Efforts need to be made to maximize the positive impacts and minimize the negative impacts.
Metodoloģiski risinājumi romānu sērijas “Mēs. Latvija, XX gadsimts” imagoloģiskajai analīzei
Authors:   Latvijas Universitāte, Stāde Madara
Published: March 2024

The aim of this paper is to identify the possible methodological solutions that would enable a comprehensive imagological analysis of the national characters portrayed in the “We. Latvia, 20th Century” (Mēs. Latvija, XX gadsimts) novel series. Imagology, a sub-field of comparative literature studies, examines the representation of national and ethnic groups in literature and helps identify the stereotypes these images contain. However, in terms of theoretical schematics, the theory of imagology is quite loosely structured. On the one hand, this may cause a lot of uncertainty, but on the other hand, it promotes enough methodological freedom to adapt the theory of imagology to each individual research. This article offers two methodological solutions for text sample selection and data interpretation. Both models are based on already existing theoretical sources, schematising the information found in them and rearranging them into clearly defined criteria and function systems. To further improve the given theoretical models, the theory of semiotics, or more precisely, Charles Peirce’s (1839–1914) system of semiotic signs, was used. Since both methodological models were developed specifically for the analysis of the “We. Latvia, XX century” series, each of the described aspects and functions of these models is illustrated with examples from the novels, demonstrating the application of the proposed solutions in the actual process of literary analysis. The results of the analysis performed during the research are sufficiently varied and reliable to motivate further improvement of the given theoretical models.
Indriķis Laube latviešu rakstniecībā
Authors:   Latvijas Nacionālā bibliotēka, Daija Pauls
Published: March 2024

The article analyses the literary works of the writer and publicist Indriķis Laube (1841–1889) in Latvian literary culture in the 1870s and 1880s. The aim of this article is to analyse the significance of Laube’s literary activity and describe his contribution to Latvian prose fiction, humorous satirical literature and journalism. Methodologically, the article employs the approach of the social history of literature by highlighting the interaction between social change and literary innovations. Summarising the information about Laube’s work scattered in publications so far, the article identifies the main research questions for further studies of his work, formulates those aspects of Laube’s work that are connected with the political and national transformations in the period after the Young Latvian movement in the 1860s, and also offers to locate Laube’s place among his contemporaries. The story “Smiltnieku Andrejs” is interpreted as Laube’s main work in the article, which depicts a Latvian peasant’s intellectual and professional growth in the interaction between German and Russian cultural impulses. In addition, attention is paid to issues of women’s emancipation in Laube’s works, as well as to his humorous prose, in which the social and political problems of his time are addressed. Laube is described as a typical representative of his era, who has combined the autodidact’s ambition to popularise scientific and cultural affairs with the work of a literary critic. At the same time, Laube occupies a special place in the landscape of the Latvian national culture of his time due to the fact that, being born in a German-Latvian family and raised in a German environment, he made a conscious decision to become a Latvian and get involved in the national revival movement.
Aleksandra Čaka lektora darbība Rūdolfa Egles Literatūras studijā
Authors:   Aleksandra Čaka muzejs, Medne Antra
Published: March 2024

In the history of Latvian literature, Aleksandrs Čaks (1901–1950) is better known as a poet-urbanist. There is much less information about his work as a lecturer. In 1924, after entering the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Latvia, Čaks could not pass the necessary exams of the first semester and abandoned his studies. Encouraged by his family, in 1925, he entered the Compulsory School Teacher’s Course in Riga and graduated from it, obtaining practical teaching experience at the Drabeši six-grade boarding school and in the Literary Studio of Rūdolfs Egle (1889–1947). The purpose of the research is to describe and find out what was the importance of Čaks as a lecturer in Egle’s Literary Studio from 1935 to 1939, where Čaks gave lectures on the theory of poetry and the history of Russian poetry, paying special attention to the modernists. The study was carried out using the biographical method, which helps to reveal the relationship between the personality and the environment, using documents and memories of colleagues. This allows us to see Čaks’s personality in specific historical circumstances – his interest in the work of a lecturer, which, in the first decades of the 20th century, taking into account the political and social changes in society after the First World War, forced to re-evaluate the subjects and learning methods so that students acquired new skills through practical training. Teaching by doing was also the main idea of John Dewey (1859–1952), and it formed the basis for Čaks’s interest in the lecturer/student collaboration process. Čaks’s interest in Russian poetry began in the 1930s when he published descriptions of contemporary Russian poets in the press. Čaks’s public introductory articles about Latvian writers and their works were also important. It is difficult to evaluate the period of activity of Egle’s Literary Studio in the biography of Čaks because there are no preserved plans and notes of Čaks’s lectures, which could provide a deeper insight into his opinion as a literary theorist. Čaks’s activity in the Studio is evaluated through his publications, the books on the field in his personal library, and notes on memories of colleagues and the Studio’s students, which confirm the importance of Čaks’s personality in the overall context of the activities of the Egle’s Literary Studio.
DYNAMICS OF PARENTS’ CONSCIOUSNESS THROUGH INVOLVEMENTIN PARTNERSHIP WITH THE SCHOOL
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Ryazanova Tatyana A. , Lavrentyeva Zoya I. ,   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University
Published: March 2024

The article presents the research results of the pedagogical conditions that form conscious parenthood in the family’s partnership with the school. The change in the consciousness of parenthood has been proven by pedagogical means. The study involved parents with one to three school-age children. Data collection and analysis was carried out using interactive programs such as Google Forms, Excel, Stat Tech v. 3.1.6 and classical methods such as data verification, comparison, interpretation, generalization and others. The results obtained prove the dependence of parental consciousness on involvement in the educational process. This fact determines the novelty of the research.
FORESIGHT TRAINING FOR GRADUATE ENGINEERING STUDENTS BASED ON SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Povinich Alina Yu. , Kostyukova Tatyana A. ,   Tomsk State University
Published: March 2024

The purpose of the study is to substantiate the effectiveness of foresight training technology for graduate students of an engineering university based on scientometric research. Its methodological basis consists of constructivist, competence-based, systemic, activity-based and person-oriented approaches. The results of experimental work showed that the effectiveness of foresight training technology for graduate engineering students is an important factor in their successful scientific activity and the development of innovative potential.
Research on the Carnival Ritual Construction of Special Effect Bullet Chat at Bilibili from the Perspective of Carnival Theory
Authors: yang yujia , zheng kexin
Published: March 2024

In recent years, bullet chat with the development of the Internet has become an increasingly prominent cultural influence, bullet chat has become a subculture phenomenon. Compared with the ordinary bullet chat, special effect bullet chat appears in a more novel form, its existence can cause the audience more intense opinions and emotional expressions, resulting in an onlooking carnival effect. This study takes Bakhtin's Carnival Theory as the starting point and conducts research through a questionnaire survey and case analysis. The study finds that the number and the diversity of forms of special effect bullet chat can enhance the audience's interaction. And the study preliminarily discusses the influence of special effect bullet chat on the audience. At the same time, it reflects on the harm of the over-entertainment phenomenon behind the carnival effect on the audience.
Research on the influence of short video use of urban “old drifters” on their social integration in the post-epidemic era
Authors: wu zhouyang
Published: March 2024

With the continuous improvement of urbanization rate, the phenomenon of population aging is becoming more and more serious, and the number of "old drifters" continues to rise. Through the research methods of questionnaire survey and in-depth interview, this study analyzes the use of short videos of "old drifters", and from the perspective of "use and satisfaction", preliminarily discusses the influence of short videos of "old drifters" on their social integration and identity in the post-epidemic era. It is found that the self-presentation behavior and identity of the old drifters are in direct proportion to the number of new friends.
Anti-labeling: Silence spiral in the “X Yuan” case from the Perspective of Female communication
Authors: yu wenxin , chen xinyao
Published: March 2024

In the Internet era, it is inevitable that the excessive consumption of user symbols brings about the phenomenon of discourse carnival. From the event of "debutante" in 2021 to the network buzzword called "X Yuan", some women have been stigmatized. The Chinese character "Yuan" represents good temperament and posture in original meaning, but it has changed to derogation, leading to the anti-labeling behaviors of female groups. Through questionnaires and semi-structured interviews, it was found that in the "X Yuan" case, the process of women's reaction to the labeling reflected the spiral of silence: At the early stage of the event, the stronger the opinion perception of criticizing "X Yuan", the more silent the women were. In the medium term, opinion leaders led women to support anti labeling. With the participation of the hardcore and more ordinary users, the female group realized that the label of "X Yuan" was strongly related to their own identity, so they formed the "anti-silence spiral", working together with the anti media stigma.
Crap literature: audience resistance and parody in the context of “flow is king”
Authors: li wenya
Published: March 2024

In the age of intelligent media, "nonsense literature" has become a popular online term in recent years. This paper uses the interview method as the main research method against the background of the Internet traffic era, and carefully studies the generation of "nonsense literature", the reasons for its rapid spread, the audience's acceptance, and the audience's resistance to and parody of "nonsense literature". The new terminology emerged in the context of "flow is king". We found that "nonsense literature" contains a tendency to be joking and entertaining, and that the more often "nonsense literature" is used on the Internet, the greater the impact on real communication, and that a low-quality Internet environment is more likely to cause the popularity of "nonsense literature". The more often "nonsense literature" is used on the Internet, the more it affects real communication.
The study of digital collective memory fading from the perspective of media studies
Authors: liao jiayin
Published: March 2024

Abstract: The Internet is regarded as a product of a vast memory capacity that transcends space and time, yet not all memories can actually be retained. With the rapid development of media technology, people's related collective memory is gradually fading. This paper takes the media materialize as the theoretical basis, and uses content analysis and in-depth interview to carry out the research. The result shows that media technology plays an important role in the transformation of individual emotion into collective memory and the internal logic of medium material carrier can be the reason of the fading of collective memory. Finally, this paper analyzes the influence of media technological development on the construction and fading of collective memory under the background of digitization.
Bar essence: a research on the formation mechanism of irrational expression behavior of network public opinion
Authors: peng yile
Published: March 2024

"As an irrational expression of network public opinion, from the beginning of the network to become a common network culture form, to make others unhappy for fun, leading to the frequent scold war in the network space, and even destroy the order of the network space. It reflects the problems of social communication, personality psychology and so on. This paper analyzes the characteristics of the phenomenon and its formation mechanism through questionnaire survey method and in-depth interview method."
Havaintoja ja arvioita suurlähetystön johtamisesta
Authors: Hautala Mikko
Published: March 2024

Suurvaltakilpailun kiihtymisen mukanaan tuoma valtiokeskeisyyden paluu lisää Suomen ulkomaisen edustustoverkoston merkitystä. Edustustojen lisäarvo tulee Suomen turvallisuuden, hyvinvoinnin ja maakuvan käytännöllisestä edistämisestä kansainvälisessä toimintaympäristössä. Edustustojen toiminnan suunnitteluun, johtamiseen ja pääkaupunkiohjaukseen ei tällä hetkellä ole käytössä tavoitteellista mallia. Katsauksessa hahmotellaan käytännön kokemusten perusteella selkeää johtamismallia, joka keskittyy edustuston strategisiin tavoitteisiin sekä toiminnan keinoihin ja edellytyksiin.
Women health and microbiota: Different aspects of well-being
Authors: Nannini Giulia , Amedei Amedeo
Published: March 2024

In this editorial, we comment on the article by Marano et al recently published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023; 29 (45): 5945-5952. We focus on the role of gut microbiota (GM) in women’s health, highlighting the need to thoroughly comprehend the sex differences in microbiota. Together, the host and GM support the host’s health. The microbiota components consist of viruses, bacteria, fungi, and archaea. This complex is an essential part of the host and is involved in neurological development, metabolic control, immune system dynamics, and host dynamic homeostasis. It has been shown that differences in the GM of males and females can contribute to chronic diseases, such as gastrointestinal, metabolic, neurological, cardiovascular, and respiratory illnesses. These differences can also result in some sex-specific changes in immunity. Every day, research on GM reveals new and more expansive frontiers, offering a wealth of innovative opportunities for preventive and precision medicine.
Preliminary exploration of animal models of congenital choledochal cysts
Authors: Zhang Shu-Hao , Zhang Yue-Bin , Cai Duo-Te , Pan Tao , Chen Ken , Jin Yi , Luo Wen-Juan , Huang Zong-Wei , Chen Qing-Jiang , Gao Zhi-Gang
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND

Various animal models have been used to explore the pathogenesis of choledochal cysts (CCs), but with little convincing results. Current surgical techniques can achieve satisfactory outcomes for treatment of CCs. Consequently, recent studies have focused more on clinical issues rather than basic research. Therefore, we need appropriate animal models to further basic research.

AIM

To establish an appropriate animal model that may contribute to the investigation of the pathogenesis of CCs.

METHODS

Eighty-four specific pathogen-free female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated to a surgical group, sham surgical group, or control group. A rat model of CC was established by partial ligation of the bile duct. The reliability of the model was confirmed by measurements of serum biochemical indices, morphology of common bile ducts of the rats as well as molecular biology experiments in rat and human tissues.

RESULTS

Dilation classified as mild (diameter, ≥ 1 mm to < 3 mm), moderate (≥ 3 mm to < 10 mm), and severe (≥ 10 mm) was observed in 17, 17, and 2 rats in the surgical group, respectively, while no dilation was observed in the control and sham surgical groups. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, and total bile acids were significantly elevated in the surgical group as compared to the control group 7 d after surgery, while direct bilirubin, total bilirubin, and gamma-glutamyltransferase were further increased 14 d after surgery. Most of the biochemical indices gradually decreased to normal ranges 28 d after surgery. The protein expression trend of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in rat model was consistent with the human CC tissues.

CONCLUSION

The model of partial ligation of the bile duct of juvenile rats could morphologically simulate the cystic or fusiform CC, which may contribute to investigating the pathogenesis of CC.
Verbal Phatic Patterns in the Russian-, German- and English-Language Examination Discourse
Authors:   A.P. Chekhov Institute (Branch) in Taganrog, Murashova Evgeniya A.
Published: March 2024

The central task of the presented research is to describe the consideration of actual patterns as culturally fixed communicative formulas implemented by senders in order to establish, maintain or interrupt/terminate a communicative contact and achieve the initial communicative intention. From the standpoint of the integrative-comparative approach being developed, combining the achievements of various scientific fields, an attempt is made to fill in some theoretical and methodological gaps in this subject area, including the definition of the phatic function of communication is clarified and a step is taken to develop a systematic representation of contact patterns as means of its verbal expression. The object of the study is the phatic function of communication, the subject is contact patterns. As the research material, the fragments of texts of the Russian-, German- and English-language examination discourse as a multidimensional broad-context education, the core of which is the communicative situation "exam", represented by a variable set of relevant event moments, are analyzed. Each of the highlighted event moments of this situation (greeting, introduction, ticket offer /selection, preparation of the answer, response, additional questions, evaluation of the answer, gratitude, farewell) is correlated with a conventional set of phatic patterns in Russian, German and English. The nomenclature of national factual patterns is illustrated by concrete examples from the corresponding national corpora. The actual patterns are classified taking into account the contextual environment, the initial communicative intention, convolution/unfoldment, the presence or absence of emotional and axiological coloring. There are actual patterns that are actualized mainly by the examiner or examinee, and patterns that can be implemented by all participants in this communicative situation. Prospects for further research are outlined, first of all, the hierarchical ordering of contact patterns and the accentuation of their performativity.
Trends in US Foreign Policy in the Late 20th – First Quarter of the 21st Centuries: A Conceptual Aspect
Authors:   Saint-Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation, Luk’yanov Vladimir Yu.
Published: March 2024

This article analyses trends in US foreign policy of the late 20th and first decades of the 21st centuries as a major factor influencing modern geopolitics. The problem is considered in the theoretical aspect and in the historical-political retrospect, from the 1990s to the present day. The subject of the analysis is the stages of the formation of the foreign policy doctrine upheld by the USA in international relations. For the 1990s, the paper studies the doctrines asserting hegemony and unipolarity as the goals of US foreign policy in the geopolitical realities that took shape after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The period of 2000s – 2010s was, according to the author, a time of transformation in US foreign policy: from the adoption after September 11, 2001 of the so-called Bush Doctrine, giving the USA rights to launch preventive strikes and make interventions against states suspected of cooperation with international terrorist organizations, to the idea of abandoning claims to global hegemony and attempts to normalize relations with Russia (“reset” policy) and China (the Group of Two) during Barack Obama’s presidency. The final part of the article examines the period of Donald Trump’s and Joe Biden’s presidencies, when the USA returned to the idea of global hegemony, based on the ideological thesis that the USA is the leader of the free world opposing the world of autocracies, whose leaders are Russia and China. According to the author, the current situation reproduces the realities of the Cold War, with the confrontation between the USA as the “defender of the free world” and the USSR as the founder of the world communism movement. The author concludes by attempting to determine the reasons for the transformations in US foreign policy of the late 20th and early 21st centuries as well as to give a forecast of its development trends.
Translation in Translation: Strategies for Conveying Foreign Culture (Based on “Chinese” Detective Novels by R. van Gulik)
Authors:   Federal State University of Education, Filippova Irina N.
Published: March 2024

This article presents an analysis of various methods of translating foreign cultural colouring in works of fiction. An exotic culture (Chinese) is mediated by the author’s native language (British English) and then serves as an object of translation for a foreign-language target audience (Russian-speaking). Such a double ethnolinguistic barrier is overcome by translators in different ways, involving various strategies. The analysis focused on Robert van Gulik’s novels The Emperor’s Pearl and Necklace and Calabash from the English-language crime fiction series about Judge Dee, translated into Russian by Zh. Grushanskaya, I. Mansurov and O. Zavyalova with a minimal time gap. The research methodology is based on comparative and contextual analysis as well as analysis of dictionary definitions using lexicographic sources. In addition, the methods of analysis and synthesis, generalization and abstraction, classification, interpretation, and description are applied. Realia as fragments of the linguistic and conceptual worldview of mediaeval China are actively used by van Gulik to create a specific colouring of Chinese culture, exotic for Europeans. From British English into Russian, they are translated by means of various techniques reflecting different translation strategies. The multiple solutions include foreignization with explanatory translation, domestication, omission and elimination of national specifics. The translation variability revealed is determined by the individual translation style due to the levelling of other factors of translation multiplicity, since the time gap between the translations is minimal, the target audience is homogeneous, and the direction of the interlanguage and intercultural contact is one-dimensional. The identified errors in translation solutions deviating from adequacy are caused by pseudo-equivalence traps and incorrect strategies for conveying foreign cultural realia in a doubly mediated translation.
Discourse Space for Studying the Phenomenon of Utopia in Modern Russia: A Paradigmatic Analysis
Authors:   Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Zhgileva Larisa A.
Published: March 2024

Using the example of Russian discourse, the article demonstrates modern trends in the study of utopias. Research topics are analysed and key conceptual trends are highlighted. The subject of consideration is monographs, dissertations and articles published in scholarly peer-reviewed journals, the selection criteria being relevance, novelty, use of modern methodology, as well as practical significance. The analysis involved general research methods. The works span between 2020 and 2023, which includes the period of the COVID-19 pandemic as well as serious changes in the global political situation. The author hypothesizes that the pandemic and foreign policy events of 2022–2023 have updated the topics of utopia and dystopia studies. The paper concludes that the interest in the subject remains strong and that in-depth historical and philosophical research into this phenomenon is being conducted. In Russian discourse, utopia is often viewed as “a place that does not exist”. When utopia is interpreted as a “blessed land”, it represents an ideal or an ever-elusive horizon line. In cases where the feasibility of implementing a utopia is discussed, it is noted that it ceases to be a utopia and undergoes a number of fundamental changes, turning into its antipode. The possibility of serious social changes, dreamed of by the authors of utopias, is not categorically denied by researchers, the reservation being that people must be prepared for a new social order, different from the existing models of society. The most successful form of a utopian work is still considered to be a narrative. With the use of modern technologies, utopia is primarily visualized in disaster films or computer games, that is, once again takes on a shape of its opposite. However, despite a significant amount of research published on the problems of utopia, Russian discourse remains quite conservative in relation to the global trends in understanding and studying this phenomenon.
Social and Value Meaning of the Distrust in Humanities Knowledge
Authors:   Perm State National Research University, Porosenkov Sergey V. , Komarov Sergey V.
Published: March 2024

This article analyses the urgent issue of the growing distrust of humanities knowledge. This problem is important both for those who create, systematize and broadcast humanities knowledge and for social actors whose legitimacy of actions is based on humanities knowledge. Moreover, this issue is of particular significance to those involved in public administration and education. Trust in knowledge is characterized by the recognition of its truth in the epistemological sense and of its positive meaning in the axiological sense. From this point of view, the social distrust of humanities knowledge can be explained by the socio-economic processes that generate alienation, which forms an objective basis for distrust. Narrow specialization due to the deepening division of labour, as well as technicism, consumerism and the priority of information and information technology give rise to the distrust in humanities knowledge as an expression of truth. Specifically, this is manifested in the lack of trust between wielders of power and bearers of humanities knowledge, between representatives of technical and humanities knowledge, and between actors of humanities knowledge itself, as well as in society’s deepening distrust of scholarship in general. On the whole, the integral social meaning of the growing distrust in humanities knowledge lies in the increasing subordination of humans to modern sociotechnical systems, whose elements they are becoming. The axiological component of distrust of humanities knowledge is related to its value meanings. Firstly, humanities knowledge necessarily includes value components, which causes distrust among social actors who are guided by different or opposing ideas. Secondly, humanities knowledge is inherently pluralistic, reflecting the manifoldness of human existence. Since the social and value determinants of distrust in humanities knowledge are intensifying in modern society, the article concludes that this process is objective. The results of the study may have a positive impact on the practical and cognitive activities of social actors involved in interaction causing trust and distrust.
FULFILLMENT OF LOBACHEVSKY'S AXIOM IN EUCLIDEAN SPACE OF THE POINCARE INTERPRETATION OF LOBACHEVSKY'S GEOMETRY
Authors:   Teacher At The Department Of Mathematics Teaching Methodology At Jizzakh State Pedagogical University, Uzbekistan, Sherzod Fayzullaev
Published: March 2024

It is known that the Poincaré interpretation of Lobachevsky’s geometry is used in solving many technical problems, in problems related to the theory of complex variable functions.In this article, we show the Poincaré interpretation of the Lobachevsky plane, which is interpreted in a circle in a plane, using one circle of a two-section hyperboloid, using the method of spatial representation, and the Lobachevsky axiom and the results derived from it are also valid.
FEATURES OF SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL ADAPTATION OF MEDICAL STUDENTS
Authors:   Tutor At The Tashkent Medical Academy, Uzbekistan, Kizi Eshmurodova Shirin Oybek
Published: March 2024

In the complex interdisciplinary problem of human adaptation to living conditions and activities, the general psychological aspect is one of the most relevant.