bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Maturity on the Development of Oleic Acid and Linoleic Acid in the Four Peanut Market Types
Authors: Dean Lisa L. , Eickholt Claire M. , LaFountain Lisa J. , Hendrix Keith W.
Published: June 2020

The commercialization of high oleic peanut varieties with the fatty acids, oleic and linoleic present in a ratio greater than 9 has increased the shelf stability of many products containing peanuts significantly. With no visual traits to determine levels of the fatty acids present, mixing of the high oleic peanut types from the normal oleic types has been a problem in the peanut supply chain. This study investigated the effect of the development of the fatty acids in peanuts over their maturation with respect to the different market types (Runner, Viriginia, Spanish, Valencia) to determine if the maturation stage of the peanut could be responsible for the presence of normal oleic peanuts in lots of high oleic peanuts and thus decreasing the purity of the lots. Peanuts had different levels of the main fatty acids present as the oil content increased with maturation. Due to the presence of a natural desaturase enzyme in peanuts, oleic acid is converted to linoleic as the peanut develops resulting in a ratio of oleic acid to linoleic acid of 3 or lower in normal oleic peanuts. In peanuts from high oleic cultivars, the genes encoding for this enzyme are mutated or slow to develop. As this gene is activated in the later stages of peanut maturity, this study proves immature peanuts of the high oleic type may not have the proper ratios of oleic to linoleic to ensure shelf stability despite being from high oleic cultivars. This study describes how the concentrations of oleic and linoleic acid changed with maturation of the peanut seeds and affects the purity of individual lots of high and normal oleic types of peanuts. This effect of maturity was seen to be greater in the large seeded Virginia cultivars compared to the smaller seeded market types.
Technical, Economic, and Environmental Parameters of Excavator-Based Harvester in Function of Engine Speed and Hydraulic Pump Flow
Authors: Santos Diego Weslly Ferreira do Nascimento , Valente Domingos Sárvio Magalhães , Fernandes Haroldo Carlos , de Souza Amaury Paulo , Cecon Paulo Roberto
Published: June 2020

Excavators-based harvesters are self-propelled forestry tractors that normally operate at maximum engine speed. This results in maximum hydraulic pump flow regardless of operating conditions. The objective of this work was to quantitatively investigate the technical performance, as well was the economic and environmental outcomes, of excavators-based harvester as a function of engine speed and hydraulic pump flow. Machine operations were analyzed in forest stands with an individual average volume of 0.08 or 0.16 m3 tree–1. The machine was operated with engine speeds of 2060, 2000, 1950, or 1900 rpm and hydraulic pump flow rates of 300, 295, or 290 L min–1. This resulted in 12 different excavator-based harvester configurations. With regards to the technical performance of the machine, a study of times and movements, productivity, hourly fuel consumption, and fuel consumption was performed. Economic outcomes were considered in terms of the operational costs, while environmental impact was determined by carbon dioxide and methane emissions. Optimal excavator-based harvester operating conditions with an average volume of 0.08 m3 tree–1 were determined to be with an engine speed of 2000 rpm and a hydraulic pump flow rate of 295 L min–1. With the 0.16 m3 tree–1 volume, the best results were obtained with an engine speed of 2000 rpm and a hydraulic pump flow of 300 L min–1.
(Potestatieve) voorwaarden in overnamecontracten: van theorie naar praktijk
Authors: Schrooten R.P. , Elion B.C.
Published: June 2020

(Potestatieve) voorwaarden in overnamecontracten: van theorie naar praktijk

In de (internationale) overnamepraktijk wordt in overnamecontracten veelvuldig gecontracteerd onder één of meer opschortende voorwaarden. Veel van de opschortende voorwaarden die partijen overeenkomen, bevatten een potestatief element: de vervulling van de voorwaarde is (grotendeels) afhankelijk van de wil van een van de contractspartijen. In dit artikel bespreken de auteurs veelgebruikte voorwaarden uit de praktijk. De auteurs gaan in op de vraag of deze voorwaarden potestatief zijn en wat het effect daarvan zou zijn op (verbintenissen uit) het overnamecontract. De auteurs sluiten af met enkele aanbevelingen voor het gebruik van voorwaarden in de praktijk.
Kształtowanie klimatu akustycznego w pomieszczeniach placówek medycznych – zalecenia
Authors: Pleban Dariusz , Smagowska Bożena , Radosz Jan
Published: June 2020

W artykule scharakteryzowano wyniki pomiarów hałasu, przeprowadzonych w wybranych pomieszczeniach placówek medycznych. Omówiono także wyniki oceny warunków pracy w tych placówkach ze względu na hałas. Ocena ta została dokonana na podstawie wyników badań ankietowych przeprowadzonych wśród ponad 300 lekarzy, pielęgniarek oraz pracowników laboratoriów diagnostycznych. Wyniki pomiarów hałasu oraz badań ankietowych stanowiły podstawę do przedstawienia podstawowych metod kształtowania klimatu akustycznego w salach operacyjnych, gabinetach zabiegowych, laboratoriach diagnostyki medycznej, oddziałach intensywnej opieki medycznej oraz w pokojach pielęgniarek i korytarzach szpitalnych.
Ocena jakości wykonania zadań koordynacji dwuręcznej ze względu na płeć i wiek
Authors: Roman-Liu Danuta , Mockałło Zofia
Published: June 2020

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki analizy jakości wykonywania zadań koordynacji dwuręcznej. Badania przeprowadzono na czterech grupach zróżnicowanych ze względu na płeć i wiek (20-30 lat i 60-67 lat). Badani wykonywali zadania koordynacji dwuręcznej opracowane w CIOP-PIB oraz testy zawarte w Wiedeńskim Systemie Testów. Wyniki pokazują znaczące różnice w wartościach wskaźników jakości sterowania pomiędzy grupą osób młodszych a grupą osób starszych. Silniejsze zróżnicowanie zaobserwowano w zadaniach koordynacji dwuręcznej. Większe różnice występują także ze względu na wiek niż ze względu na płeć.
Modelling analysis of high effect of roll
hoop main on the strength of student
car formula chassis
Authors: Tamjidillah M. , Subagyo R. , Isworo H. , Nanlohy H.Y.
Published: June 2020

Purpose: To analyse the strength of materials by means of optimization, find the best value
of the strength test of mutually influential materials with a variation of roll-hoop height.
Design/methodology/approach: The research began with the design of a threedimensional
model by varying the height of the roll-hoop on chassis types: A, B, C, D, E, F,
G, H ,and I. The height of the main roll hoop at each chassis is: 502, 504, 506 508, 510, 512,
514, 516 and 518 mm. Then by using the student version of Autodesk Inventor, a simulation
is made to test: Deflection, Normal stress, Shear stress (T-x / T-y) and Torsional stress. The
results of this test are used to analyse the types of chassis that have been designed so that
the best chassis design is obtained.
Findings: The results obtained in this study are the value of Normal stress decreases with
increasing roll-hoop height, and applies inversely to the torsional stress value. Deflection
values tend to be stable with increasing roll-hoop height, while Shear stress T-x and T-y
values tend to fluctuate.
Research limitations/implications: The chassis material uses carbon steel which has
mechanical property values in accordance with 2015 FSAE Standard regulations.
Practical implications: The optimization results of the design of the roll hoop height
on the chassis show that the chassis type B with the main roll hoop height of 504 mm is
the best with the lowest deflection value and the difference in tension according to the
FSAE rules.
Originality/value: The research that has been done only tests the strength of the
ingredients separately. In this study trying to analyse the strength of the material by way of
optimization to find the best value from the strength test of material that influence each other
with a variation of roll-hoop height.
Kolonialismus im frühen deutschen Film
Authors: Thiel Lisa Chiara
Published: June 2020

It is a slow process of an awakening consciousness of the German colonies. Even less is known about the German colonial cinema in spite of it being the (medial) source of nationalism and racism. Using two examples, the work is analysing how “the others“ are created by hierarchy. The attention lies on the construction of characters as ideological screens. Special consideration is given to the female black body as a contrast to the “German hero“. Furthermore, the author establishes the correlation between film industry and feminism as a catalyst for a growing German nationalism.

The work connects Said’s othering, Mulvey’s gaze and Balazs´ normality of the white body in context of the historical development to a multidisciplinary work and provides background information to the latest debate.
Aquinas’s Teachings on Concepts and Words in His Commentary on John contra Nicanor Austriaco, OP
Authors: George Marie I. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: June 2020

In “Defending Adam After Darwin,” Nicanor Austriaco, OP, mounts a noteworthy defense of monogenism, part of which turns on the relationship between abstract thought and language. At a certain point, he turns to a passage from Aquinas’s Commentary on John to support two claims which he affirms without qualification: namely, that the capacity for forming abstract concepts corresponding to the quiddities of things presupposes the capacity for language and that we grasp concepts through words. In addition, he asserts that Aquinas is talking about abstraction in this passage. I argue that these three claims are based on a misreading of Aquinas. I then show that Aquinas would agree with the qualified claim that the formation of certain concepts presupposes the usage of words. I also show that Aquinas might accept with qualification the notion that the capacity for forming abstract concepts presupposes the capacity for language: namely, by way of disposition.
Aquinas on the Emotion of Hope
Authors: Bobier Christopher A. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: June 2020

Hope is important in Thomas Aquinas’s account of the emotions: it is one of the four primary emotions and the first of the irascible emotions. Yet his account of hope as a movement of the sensory appetite toward a future possible good that is arduous to attain appears to be overly restrictive, for people often hope for things that are not cognized as arduous (e.g., when I hope for fine weather on my wedding day, that a professional athlete remains in good health, or that an experimental medicine is effective). This paper examines Aquinas’s reasons for limiting hope to arduous goods.
Metaphysics’ Accountability Gap
Authors: Quiñonez Omar ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: June 2020

This article suggests a frame for thinking together Hegel and Schelling’s competing mature approaches to metaphysics. It argues that both reject modern metaphysics’ belief that there exists such a thing as the “world’s ontology.” In their mature philosophies, Hegel and Schelling develop metaphysical approaches based on what I call the “accountability gap.” For Hegel, reason is a matter of thinking under conceptual presuppositions we come to know and evaluate in hindsight. Hegel gives up on the modern rationalist idea that reason can in principle account for what the world is like without introducing assumptions. In the Logic, he concludes that metaphysics should be reconsidered along the lines of normative authority by freeing it of the commitment to thorough accountability. I describe a similar process in Schelling’s post-1809 metaphysics. In his middle period, Schelling describes traditional metaphysics as unable to account for reason’s creative basis. Reason gets its bearings creatively in a way systematic thinking cannot account for from within. Schelling concludes that reason’s authority arises from “creative storytelling” and not from laying out the world’s ontology. This paper argues for an accountability gap as a helpful construct to draw out the stakes of Hegel and Schelling’s metaphysics.
Brain–Machine Interfaces and the Integral Person
Authors: Reilly Christopher M. ,   The National Catholic Bioethics Center
Published: June 2020

Physically enhancing brain–machine interfaces communicate elec­tronically with the patient’s mind in both directions. They present significant opportunities to improve a patient’s health and to restore his or her physical function, but they also present problems for the patient’s sense of agency and self. This is exacerbated by notions of extension and enhancement that are not grounded in an authentic human anthropology that describes the inherently dignified person as an integral union of body and soul.
Two Theories of Action and the Permissibility of Abortion
Authors: Parish Elisabeth ,   The National Catholic Bioethics Center
Published: June 2020

An exchange between Christopher Tollefsen and Steven Jensen highlights the contrast between a theory of natural law that relies purely first-person account of intention and one that relies more on elements from the physical world. Tollefsen, a proponent of New Natural Law theory, argues that the fetus’s death in the Phoenix case was an unintended side effect of saving the mother’s life. Jensen criticizes NNL generally and particularly for this conclusion. He argues that facts outside the agent make this procedure immoral. This essay provides a more neutral perspective on the debate by laying out each argument clearly and identifying the fundamental issues present in the discussion. A fundamental and probably irreconcilable difference involves whether certain intentions should be included in the species of an action or characterized as fairly or unfairly accepted side effects. Nevertheless, the differences between these two accounts are not as great as they initially appear.
THE FLOOD THREAT MAPPING OF THE KOLUBARA RIVER BASIN USING THE LEICA ALS80HP LASER SCANNER
Authors: Sekulović Dragoljub , Basarić Miloš , Garić Ivan
Published: June 2020

Every year, floods cause great damage in the Republic of Serbia. The lack of solutions for flood riskmanagement and prevention during their escalation causes great financial deficit. One of thesolutions for achieving stability in this sphere is creating a map of flood threats and risk accordingto the European Flood Directive. The task of the IPA2014 action is the creation of those maps usingthe latest technology in laser scanning of terrain, or LiDAR sensors. Scanning the terrain from airusing the aforementioned technology gathers data which by later processing results in very precisedigital models of terrain which are used as the foundation for mapmaking.
THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY HOUSE OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA AND THE SPACE IN FRONT OF IT AS A SYMBOL OF THE VISUAL REPRESENTATION OF POWER
Authors: Kocić Dragana DK , Stefanović Violeta
Published: June 2020

The National Assembly House of the Republic of Serbia, in Belgrade, is a monumental publicbuilding, which has, from the very beginning of its existence, represented basic political and culturalinterests and preferences. It has remained the visual paradigm of Serbia's national course andsovereignty to this day. It has had great importance throughout its history. This paper deals with theuse of the premises of the National Assembly and the image of the Assembly being developed in thestate repository. In the service of various ideological determinants, the House of the NationalAssembly has been recognized as an architectural symbol that has often been conquered by theauthorities. The aim of the paper is to show how the architectural symbol of the city becomes avisual indicator of power,i.e., a concrete indicator of the structure of gaining and losing power.
A DISCOURSE ON THE APPLICATION OF BIOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES IN BUILDING DESIGN
Authors: Kosanović Saja M. , Zbašnik Senegačnik Martina , Folić Ljubiša , Folić Branislav , Fikfak Alenka
Published: June 2020

This paper elaborated on a variety of reasons for the use of biological principles in building context over time. A particular accent was placed on position of biological systems within the contemporary concepts of sustainability, circularity, resilience, and regeneration. Existing design barriers were identified and discussed, and the currently available ways to overcome them were outlined. Conclusively, several general steps towards a more comprehensive future application of biological principles in building design were suggested.
ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF GROUND TYPES ON SEISMIC RESPONSE OF MULTI-STOREY FRAME STRUCTURE
Authors: Rakočević Marina , Bojović Vasilije , Mrdak Ivan
Published: June 2020

Experiences from previous earthquakes have shown that level of structural damages depends onground features where the structure is placed. Also, it is noted that reinforced concrete framestructures collapse due to the appearance of “weak floor”, especially when are founded on groundswith lower characteristics. In this paper, the seismic analysis of structure is presented on example ofthe six-storey RC frame structure, founded on different ground types. The seismic analysis isperformed in accordance with European regulations and still valid ex-Yugoslavian code PIOVSP'81.At the end of the paper, a comparison of the results was made, and corresponding conclusions werereached.
GEOTECHNICAL PROBLEMATICS OF DIRECTED RESEARCH IN ROCK MASSES
Authors: Palikuća Ljubomir , Langof Zlatko , Raljić Đorđe , Miljević Boško
Published: June 2020

During the construction of Civil Engineering structures in rock masses, different and specificproblems may occur. Engineering Geological research has a significant role in their solving. Withthis kind of research relevant data can be obtained with purpose to get detailed insight in engineering- geological rock mass characteristics and its geological structure. Absence or insufficient scope andquality of the mentioned research may result in occurrence of the problems during design andperformance of Civil Engineering structures, which in this work has been shown on the example ofroad construction in the cut in the rock mass.
CAN SPATIAL ABILITY BE TRAINED – THE ANALYSIS OF PREPARATORY COURSE FOR ENROLMENT AT THE FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE
Authors: Ilić Maja , Kosić-Jeremić Sandra , Papaz Dajana
Published: June 2020

Spatial abilities are becoming an increasingly important predictor of success, especially in professions that balance analytical and creative thinking, such as architecture, especially with the increasing presence of digital media and technology, and the importance of the spatial presentation of one’s ideas. There are differing opinions as to whether these abilities can be improved, or whether a spatial thinking strategy can be developed. At the Faculty of Architecture and Geodesy in Banja Luka (FACEG), spatial abilities have long been part of the entrance exam, and this paper will address the analysis of preparatory teaching at FACEG in this area and the success of the entrance exam for two groups of candidates - those who attended preparatory classes and those who prepared independently.
NON-LINEAR ANALYSIS OF BUILDING STRUCTURES IN SEISMIC AREAS ACCORDING TO THE EUROPEAN STANDARDS, CASE STUDY
Authors: Čaušević Mehmed , Mitrović Saša
Published: June 2020

For the design and construction of buildings in seismic areas the European Standard EN 1998-1:2004 offers two non-linear methods, namely: a non-linear pushover based static method and a nonlineardynamic method. This paper discusses those methods which differ from one another in respectto accuracy, simplicity and transparency. Non-linear static procedures were developed in the worldwith the aim of overcoming the insufficiency and limitations of linear methods, whilst at the sametime maintaining a relatively simple application. All procedures incorporate performance-basedconcepts paying more attention to damage control. Application of the presented procedures isillustrated by means of an example of an eight-story reinforced concrete frame building.
MEASURING EQUIPMENT CALIBRATION AND DETERMINATION OF THE INITIAL CALIBRATION INTERVAL
Authors: Krndija Mlađen , Latinović Marina , Broćeta Gordana , Savić Gojko
Published: June 2020

To optimize measurement procedures in laboratories, in terms of the balance between economics and risk, determination of the optimal calibration interval for measuring equipment has significant importance. This paper will show an approximate, but effective method for determination of initial calibration interval, regarding “ILAC” guidelines and original recommendations based on authors’ experience. The presented applied method is adapted for the equipment used in a laboratory for building materials and structural testing, and the results of its application are shown on the examples of several different instruments. Impact factors on calibration intervals are analyzed, and the basic recommendations for revision of the initial calibration intervals are given.
HARMONISATION MODEL OF ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS OF THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA ACCORDING TO INSPIRE DIRECTIVE
Authors: Janković Ivana , Amović Mladen
Published: June 2020

The INSPIRE Directive establishes a framework for the creation of a spatial data infrastructure(SDI), which will enable the exchange of spatial information between public sector organizationsand better access to spatial information in general across the Europe. This paper describes theharmonization of the INSPIRE theme Administrative Units. Data harmonization was carried outwithin the framework of the IMPULS project implemented by the Republic Geodetic and PropertyAdministration of Republika Srpska with the support of the Swedish Agency for Cadastre andCartography. Implementation involves the development of a GML scheme with mapping of existingdata in accordance with that structure, development and testing of INSPIRE services, andpreparation of metadata for data and services. The model was verified by the Joint Research Centerin Ispra, established by the European Commission (Joint Research Center).
STRATEGY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF 'SMART' CITIES WITH A LOOK AT THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA
Authors: Stošić Mihajlović Ljiljana
Published: June 2020

Cities are the main pillars of human and economic activities and have the capacity to create positive synergies that create opportunities for development for their residents. However, they also generate a large range of problems that are increasingly complex and more difficult to solve as the city grows. The "smart" city is a newer concept introduced into urban theory, and is increasingly the subject of analysis in scientific and professional circles. For the city to be "smart", it needs a cultural transformation, and for the vision to become a reality, it is necessary to have a unique strategy that will unite all individual efforts and ensure the sustainability of the whole concept, otherwise individual smart projects will only be lonely sparks.
In silico and in vitro identification of secoisolariciresinol as a re-sensitizer of P-glycoprotein-dependent doxorubicin-resistance NCI/ADR-RES cancer cells
Authors: Morsy Mohamed A. , El-Sheikh Azza A.K. , Ibrahim Ahmed R.N. , Venugopala Katharigatta N. , Kandeel Mahmoud
Published: June 2020

P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is one of the highly expressed cancer cell efflux transporters that cause the failure of chemotherapy. To reverse P-gp induced multidrug resistance, we employed a flaxseed-derived lignan; secoisolariciresinol (SECO) that acts as an inhibitor of breast cancer resistance protein; another efflux transporter that shares some substrate/inhibitor specificity with P-gp. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation identified SECO as a possible P-gp inhibitor. Comparing root mean square deviation (RMSD) of P-gp bound with SECO with that bound to its standard inhibitor verapamil showed that fluctuations in RMSD were lower in P-gp bound to SECO demonstrating higher stability of the complex of P-gp with SECO. In addition, the superimposition of P-gp structures after MD simulation showed that the nucleotide-binding domains of P-gp bound to SECO undertook a more central closer position compared with that bound to verapamil. Using rhodamine efflux assay on NCI/ADR-RES cancer cells, SECO was confirmed as a P-gp inhibitor, where cells treated with 25 or 50 µM of SECO showed significantly higher fluorescence intensity compared to control. Using MTT assay, SECO alone showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity, where 25 or 50 µM of SECO caused significantly less NCI/ADR-RES cellular viability compared to control. Furthermore, when 50 µM of SECO was added to doxorubicin (DOX), an anticancer drug, SECO significantly enhanced DOX-induced cytotoxicity compared to DOX alone. The combination index calculated by CompuSyn software indicated synergism between DOX and SECO. Our results suggest SECO as a novel P-gp inhibitor that can re-sensitize cancer cells during DOX chemotherapy.
Voto electrónico en Chile: una evaluación desde una perspectiva técnica, jurídica y política
Authors: Viollier Bonvin Pablo Agustin , Riveros Bastián
Published: June 2020

Durante los últimos años, diversas voces se han hecho parte en el debate sobre la incorporación del voto electrónico en la administración electoral de Chile. Ya sea por motivos de eficiencia, rapidez en la entrega de resultados o bajo la promesa de mejorar la participación ciudadana, sus promotores ven en su implementación la solución a fenómenos como el aumento sostenido del abstencionismo o eventuales fraudes electorales.No obstante, aplicar soluciones tecnológicas a problemas políticos exige introducir una evaluación que ponga el acento en los derechos políticos propios de todo sistema electoral. De esta forma, la presente investigación apuntará a establecer en qué medida el voto electrónico satisface un análisis de costo-beneficio, cuya centralidad serán las garantías democráticas puestas en juego, así como los rasgos esenciales de las tecnologías involucradas en su funcionamiento.Por tratarse de verdaderas infraestructuras críticas, y tomando en consideración experiencias comparadas, no es posible afirmar que el voto electrónico cumpla con elementos indisociables de un acto de votación: auditabilidad, integridad y secreto del voto. Más aún, por las características propias de estas tecnologías, éstas tres variables no podrán ser verificadas en la práctica, por lo que la implementación del voto electrónico no resulta adecuada para nuestro sistema electoral
La organización política ciudadana asistida por TIC, una aproximación sobre la influencia del “efecto red”, la brecha digital y la brecha participativa en el contexto chileno
Authors: Mellado Gatica Alejandro Mauricio
Published: June 2020

El objetivo de este trabajo está centrado en determinar cómo el efecto red, la brecha digital y la brecha participativa afectan el uso de las herramientas TIC en la actividad política ciudadana. Para esta labor, como primer apartado, se presenta una fundamentación teórica que sirve como marco de referencia para dar sustento al uso de las aplicaciones de software en la actividad política. Un segundo apartado definirá los conceptos de “brecha digital”, “brecha participativa” y “efecto red”, factores necesarios para determinar la disposición de los usuarios a utilizar una tecnología de software y/o la disponibilidad de la tecnología al alcance de usuarios políticos. La tercera parte evidenciará de manera cronológica el uso de distintas herramientas TIC en la acción política chilena, describiendo además, una agrupación política de base tecnológica. Un cuarto apartado realiza un análisis que determina cómo el efecto red y la brecha participativa inciden en el uso de las aplicaciones. Concluyendo que existe una brecha digital significativa en el uso e implementación de aplicaciones auto-gestionadas específicas, que tiende a contener las opciones alternativas, que concentra además. los usuarios en sólo unas pocas empresas transnacionales de Internet. No obstante, es posible observar pequeñas organizaciones políticas que están dispuestas al uso de las aplicaciones de software alternativo auto-gestionadas, presentándose en prospectiva una brecha participativa que puede dar ventajas comparativas a un grupo de activistas o partido político por sobre otros.
Indemnización de perjuicios por infracciones a la libre competencia
Authors: Budnik Gabriel
Published: June 2020

El presente trabajo busca analizar las implicancias jurídicas y prácticas del artículo 30° del Decreto Ley N° 211 de 1973, recientemente modificado por la Ley N° 20.945 de fecha 30 de agosto de 2016, que perfecciona el sistema de defensa de la libre competencia. Con base en la escasa jurisprudencia nacional sobre indemnización de perjuicios por infracciones a la libre competencia, así como en la Historia de la Ley N° 20.945, el autor interpreta el alcance de la actual redacción del artículo 30° y anticipa los principales temas que deberán ser resueltos por la nueva jurisprudencia en esta materia.
Comportamiento judicial estratégico: el caso del Supremo Tribunal Federal de Brasil
Authors: Campos Melo Patricia
Published: June 2020

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo demostrar que el material jurídico ortodoxo es apenas uno de los elementos que influencian el comportamiento judicial, y no necesariamente el más importante, sobre todo en casos emblemáticos. El trabajo presenta tres modelos principales de comportamiento judicial: el modelo legalista, el modelo ideológico y el modelo estratégico. Se profundiza en el modelo estratégico, abordando sus características principales y las críticas que se le han formulado. Propone un estudio de caso acerca de las decisiones dictadas por el Supremo Tribunal Federal de Brasil, a la luz de este último modelo. Se concluye en el sentido que los factores extrajurídicos también interfieren en el proceso decisorio de las cortes. Por ello, el Derecho no puede prescindir de un entendimiento adecuado sobre cómo las cortes efectivamente deciden en la vida real.
Between Legality and Legitimacy, a proposal for Judicial Review of Security Council Collective Security Actions in Light of Responsibility to Protect and Just War Theory
Authors: Almeida Estrella Jorge Luis
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this article is to question whether the powers of the United Nations Security Council (SC) are subject to any limitation under in-ternational law, especially in the context of the Responsibility to Protect (RtoP) doctrine. And consequently, which organism will be entitled to hold the SC accountable for its actions, and how that organism should do it.The first chapter of this article deals with the possible limitations of the SC, it considers both legal and legitimacy restraints to the broad powers of the SC. Additionally, we will explain how RtoP presents itself as a new challenge to the legitimacy of the SC.Chapter 2 discusses which organisms within the UN system, may be ap-propriate to hold the SC responsible for its actions. Finally, in Chapter 3, we will review the legal status of RtoP, and explain how the ICJ could use Just War criteria as a valuable tool for a judicial review process of SC decisions based on RtoP
A descolonialidade no combate à discriminação das mulheres
Authors: Voges de Campos Ana Carolina , Frizzo Bragato Fernanda
Published: June 2020

O presente artigo situa-se nas discussões de gênero e foca no proble-ma da discriminação da mulher em diferentes níveis. Parte-se do pressuposto de que na sociedade ocidental moderna a mulher, em geral, ocupa uma posição de subordinação e que essa posição pode ser explicada/compreendida desde uma lógica colonial. Mas não apenas se pode explica-la coerentemente a partir da lógica colonial, como se pode, a partir da opção descolonial, romper ou su-perar essa condição que leva à discriminação nas mais variadas formas.
Heavy Metal Contamination in Swampy Agricultural Soils of Kokona, Nasarawa, Nigeria
Authors: Rilwan Usman , Abbas Auta Abdullahi , Abdulrahman Hudu
Published: June 2020

Absorption of heavy metals through swampy agricultural soils may have serious consequences on human health. Present study determined the levels of Chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb) using X- Ray Spectrometry in 10 swampy agricultural soils. The result of this study revealed that, the heavy metals with their respective concentrations (Cr (278.1), Ni (462.1), Cu (314.1), Zn (502.8), As (13.5), Cd (524.5) and Pb (295.5)) were found in the soil samples in mg/kg. It also pointed out that the concentration of the heavy metals in the all soil samples for all locations in decreasing order was Cd > Zn >Ni > Cu >Pb > Cr >As. The concentration in swampy agricultural soils from Kokona was obviously higher than the safe limit set by the regulatory bodies which may be because of the geological activities in the studied area. Hence, heavy metals accumulation in swampy agricultural soils is a big concern in Kokona where people’s daily meal largely contains rice or rice based products which are mostly cultivated in swampy agricultural soils.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Activity Studies of New Schiff Base Tetradentate Ligands and Their Manganese (II) Complexes
Authors: Selim Elham Abdalrahem Bin , Al–Douh Mohammed Hadi , Al–Nohey Dahab Salim , Al–Haik Wedad Mohammed , Sonbol Khalid Saeed
Published: June 2020

Two Schiff base tetradentate ligands 4 and 5 were synthesized by condensation reactions of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-((2-nitrophenyl)diazenyl) benzaldehyde 1 with 1,2-diaminoethane 2 and 1,2-diaminobenzene 3, respectively. Treatment of synthesized ligands with the manganese (II) chloride MnCl2 6 gave two complexes 7 and 8 of general formula ML. The synthesized ligands and their complexes were characterized by FTIR, UV-Vis, Mass spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The biological activity of the synthesized compounds were tested. It was found that ligand 5 and the complexes 7 and 8 possess antibacterial activity against the gram –ve Proteus mirabilis.
Analyzing Rice Farmers’ Intention to Adopt Modern Rice Technologies Using Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)
Authors: Ambong Ryan Mark A. , Paulino Maybelle A.
Published: June 2020

This paper analyzes rice farmers’ intention to adopt modern rice technologies using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Quantitative data were gathered through a survey among 404 rice farmers selected using three-stage sampling design. The empirical analysis was done using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) via WARP PLS software version 3.0. The outcome of the hypothesized framework shows that perceived usefulness and relative advantage have a direct and significant influence on farmers’ attitude towards modern rice technologies. This implies that the perceived usefulness and relative advantage of the technology influences the positive or negative attitude of the farmers toward the technology. On the other hand, the model suggests that perceived convenience of the technology does not influence farmers’ attitude. Nevertheless, the hypothesized model demonstrates that farmers’ intention influences their decision to adopt modern rice technologies. The paper suggests that further studies be conducted to incorporate external variables in TAM.
Comparison of the External Morphology of Straw- coloured Fruit Bats on Different Locations on Obafemi Awolowo University Campus
Authors: Bamidele A. O. , Israel O. F.
Published: June 2020

Background of the Study: In the past few years, the presence of straw-coloured fruit bats in various parts of the University has been of a great concern to the University community. The movement of straw-coloured fruit bats from one location to another also creates concern of possible destruction of some important ecosystem features on campus.

Objective of the Study: This study compared the external morphology of straw-coloured fruit bats from three different locations on Obafemi Awolowo University campus students’ residential area, academic area and staff quarters).

Methodology: Non-lethal trap and mist nets were used in collecting the Straw-coloured fruit bats between June and December 2019. Captured specimen were transported in cages into the laboratory and chloroform was used to anesthetize the specimens before measuring the external morphometric parameters (HB, FA, HF, TIB, EL, TL, Tr, TBL and BW) with the aid of ruler and venier calliper.

Results and Conclusion: A total of 114 fruit bats (66 male and 58 female) were sampled with the use of non-lethal trap and mist nets. The mean Head body length for male specimens from the three locations were 204.6±2.1 mm, 214.6±1.2 mm and 216.6±2.6 mm and the mean body weight were 208.5±2.4, 224.6±2.1 and 254.3±2.9 g respectively. The mean Head body length of female specimens were 158.5±1.1 mm, 172.8±1.5 mm, and 186.5±2.6 mm and the mean of body weight from all the locations were 184.6±2.0, 206.5±2.1 and 232.6±2.9g. The specimens from Student hostel had the lowest external morphometric parameters values, while specimens from Staff quarters had the highest morphometric values. The PCA scatter plot showed no relationship in the morphometric parameters of all the specimens from the three locations. The PCA loading showed that HB, TIB and the BW of all the specimen had negative correlation which may be due to different factors. In conclusion, the Straw-coloured fruit Bat on OAU campus showed different external morphometry which may be due to roosting, foraging and predator.
A Coupled FEM‐SPH Modeling Technique to Investigate the Contractility of Biohybrid Thin Films
Authors: Vannozzi Lorenzo , Mazzocchi Tommaso , Hasebe Arihiro , Takeoka Shinji , Fujie Toshinori , Ricotti Leonardo
Published: June 2020

Biohybrid actuators have the potential to overcome the limitations of traditional actuators employed in robotics, thanks to the unique features of living contractile muscle cells, which can be used to power artificial elements. This paper describes a computational approach for the estimation of the contractile capabilities of skeletal muscle cell‐powered biohybrid actuators based on polymeric thin films. The proposed model grounds on the coupling between finite element modeling and smooth particle hydrodynamics. This allows describing the overall condition, including the viscous forces caused by the surrounding liquid medium, in which biohybrid systems are normally immersed. The model is calibrated by analyzing the contractile behavior of polydimethylsiloxane films coupled with skeletal muscle cells, reported in the literature as muscular thin films. Afterward, it is applied to poly (D, L‐lactic acid) thin films to explore the behavior of these systems, due to myotubes cultured on them, evaluating the role of thickness, tissue maturation status, and hydrostatic pressure on the contractile performance. These results pave the way toward a novel optimization approach of biohybrid robot design relying on the simulation of all the boundary conditions, thus reducing the need for extensive trial‐and‐error efforts.
Biodegradable Polyanhydrides as Encapsulation Layers for Transient Electronics
Authors: Choi Yeon Sik , Koo Jahyun , Lee Young Joong , Lee Geumbee , Avila Raudel , Ying Hanze , Reeder Jonathan , Hambitzer Leonhard , Im Kyungtaek , Kim Jungwon , Lee Kyung‐Mi , Cheng Jianjun , Huang Yonggang , Kang Seung‐Kyun , Rogers John A.
Published: June 2020

Bioresorbable electronic systems represent an emerging class of technology of interest due to their ability to dissolve, chemically degrade, disintegrate, and/or otherwise physically disappear harmlessly in biological environments, as the basis for temporary implants that avoid the need for secondary surgical extraction procedures. Polyanhydride‐based polymers can serve as hydrophobic encapsulation layers for such systems, as a subset of the broader field of transient electronics, where biodegradation eventually occurs by chain scission. Systematic experimental studies that involve immersion in phosphate‐buffered saline solution at various pH values and/or temperatures demonstrate that dissolution occurs through a surface erosion mechanism, with little swelling. The mechanical properties of this polymer are well suited for use in soft, flexible devices, where integration can occur through a mold‐based photopolymerization technique. Studies of the dependence of the polymer properties on monomer compositions and the rates of permeation on coating thicknesses reveal some of the underlying effects. Simple demonstrations illustrate the ability to sustain operation of underlying biodegradable electronic systems for durations between a few hours to a week during complete immersion in aqueous solutions that approximate physiological conditions. Systematic chemical, physical, and in vivo biological studies in animal models reveal no signs of toxicity or other adverse biological responses.
Visible and NIR Upconverting Er3+–Yb3+ Luminescent Nanorattles and Other Hybrid PMO‐Inorganic Structures for In Vivo Nanothermometry
Authors: Kaczmarek Anna M. , Suta Markus , Rijckaert Hannes , Abalymov Anatolii , Van Driessche Isabel , Skirtach Andre G. , Meijerink Andries , Van Der Voort Pascal
Published: June 2020

Lanthanide‐doped luminescent nanoparticles are an appealing system for nanothermometry with biomedical applications due to their sensitivity, reliability, and minimal invasive thermal sensing properties. Here, four unique hybrid organic–inorganic materials prepared by combining β‐NaGdF4 and PMOs (periodic mesoporous organosilica) or mSiO2 (mesoporous silica) are proposed. PMO/mSiO2 materials are excellent candidates for biological/biomedical applications as they show high biocompatibility with the human body. On the other hand, the β‐NaGdF4 matrix is an excellent host for doping lanthanide ions, even at very low concentrations with yet very efficient luminescence properties. A new type of Er3+–Yb3+ upconversion luminescence nanothermometers operating both in the visible and near infrared regime is proposed. Both spectral ranges permit promising thermometry performance even in aqueous environment. It is additionally confirmed that these hybrid materials are non‐toxic to cells, which makes them very promising candidates for real biomedical thermometry applications. In several of these materials, the presence of additional voids leaves space for future theranostic or combined thermometry and drug delivery applications in the hybrid nanostructures.
Direct Conversion of Fe2O3 to 3D Nanofibrillar PEDOT Microsupercapacitors
Authors: Diao Yifan , Lu Yang , Yang Haoru , Wang Hongmin , Chen Haozhe , D'Arcy Julio M.
Published: June 2020

Microsupercapacitors (µSCs) are attractive electrochemical energy storage devices serving as alternatives to batteries in miniaturized portable electronics owing to high‐power density and extended cycling stability. Current state‐of‐the‐art microfabrication strategies are limited by costly steps producing materials with structural defects that lead to low energy density. This paper introduces an electrode engineering platform that combines conventional microfabrication and polymerization from the vapor phase producing 3D µSCs of the conducting polymer poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT). A sputtered Fe2O3 precursor layer enables deposition of a 250 nm thick polymer coating comprised of a high packing density of vertically aligned PEDOT nanofibers possessing exceptional electrical conductivity (3580 S cm−1). The 3D µSCs exhibit state‐of‐the‐art volumetric energy density (16.1 mWh cm−3) as well as areal (21.3 mF cm−2) and volumetric (400 F cm−3) capacitances in 1 m H2SO4 aqueous electrolyte. These figures of merit represent the highest values among conducting polymer‐based µSCs. Electrochemical performance is controlled by investigating coating thickness, gap distance, fractal geometry, and gel electrolyte (1 m H2SO4/polyvinyl alcohol). The quasisolid‐state µSCs exhibit extended rate capability (50 V s−1), retain 94% of original capacitance after 10 000 cycles and remain thermally stable up to 60 °C.
Biradical‐Featured Stable Organic‐Small‐Molecule Photothermal Materials for Highly Efficient Solar‐Driven Water Evaporation
Authors: Chen Guanyu , Sun Jiangman , Peng Qian , Sun Qi , Wang Guan , Cai Yuanjing , Gu Xinggui , Shuai Zhigang , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: June 2020

With recent progress in photothermal materials, organic small molecules featured with flexibility, diverse structures, and tunable properties exhibit unique advantages but have been rarely applied in solar‐driven water evaporation owing to limited sunlight absorption resulting in low solar–thermal conversion. Herein, a stable croconium derivative, named CR‐TPE‐T, is designed to exhibit the unique biradical property and strong π–π stacking in the solid state, which facilitate not only a broad absorption spectrum from 300 to 1600 nm for effective sunlight harvesting, but also highly efficient photothermal conversion by boosting nonradiative decay. The photothermal efficiency is evaluated to be 72.7% under 808 nm laser irradiation. Based on this, an interfacial‐heating evaporation system based on CR‐TPE‐T is established successfully, using which a high solar‐energy‐to‐vapor efficiency of 87.2% and water evaporation rate of 1.272 kg m−2 h−1 under 1 sun irradiation are obtained, thus making an important step toward the application of organic‐small‐molecule photothermal materials in solar energy utilization.
Analytical Study of Solution‐Processed Tin Oxide as Electron Transport Layer in Printed Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Rohnacher Valentina , Ullrich Florian , Eggers Helge , Schackmar Fabian , Hell Sebastian , Salazar Adriana , Huck Christian , Hernandez‐Sosa Gerardo , Paetzold Ulrich W. , Jaegermann Wolfram , Pucci Annemarie
Published: June 2020

Solution‐processed tin oxide (SnOx) electron transport layers demonstrate excellent performance in various optoelectronic devices and offer the ease of facile and low cost deposition by various printing techniques. The most common precursor solution for the preparation of SnOx thin films is SnCl2 dissolved in ethanol. In order to elucidate the mechanism of the precursor conversion at different annealing temperatures and the optoelectronic performance of the SnOx electron transport layer, phonon and vibrational infrared and photoelectron spectroscopies as well as atomic force microscopy are used to probe the chemical, physical, and morphological properties of the SnOx thin films. The influence of two different solvents on the layer morphology of SnOx thin films is investigated. In both cases, an increasing annealing temperature not only improves the structural and chemical properties of solution‐processed SnOx, but also reduces the concentration of tin hydroxide species in the bulk and on the surface of these thin films. As a prototypical example for the high potential of printed SnOx layers for solar cells, high performance perovskite solar cells with a stabilized power conversion efficiency of over 15% are presented.