bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hukum Nafkah Mut’ah Dan Idah Istri Dalam Perkara Khuluk (Analisis Terhadap Sema No 3 Tahun 2018 Tentang Pemberian Nafkah Idah dan Mut’ah Pada Perkara Cerai Gugat)
Authors: Saragih Taufiq Fathur Ronzie , Pulungan Sahmiar , Budhiawan Adlin
Published: May 2022

Perceraian yang diinginkan oleh istri yang diajukan kepada Peradilan Agama dikenal dengan sebutan cerai gugat. Dalam islam sebutan cerai gugat dikenal dengan kata khulu yang berarti melepaskan atau mengganti pakaian pada badan, karena seorang wanita merupakan pakaian bagi lelaki, dan sebaliknya. khulu' adalah perceraian yang terjadi atas permintaan isteri dengan memberikan iwadh atau tebusan kepada dan atas persetujuan suami. Hukum islam memberi jalan kepada istri yang menghendaki perceraian dengan mengajukan khulu, sebagaimana hukum islam memberi jalan kepada suami untuk menceraikan istrinya dengan jalan talak. Akibat hukum dari pengajuan permohonan cerai (khuluk) yang dilakukan oleh isteri yang meninggalkan rumah tanpa izin dari suaminya (nusyuz) ini adalah: (a) Perkawinan putus dengan talak ba 'in sughra; (b) Berkurangnya jumlah talak dan tidak dapat dirujuk; (c) Istri menjalani iddah talak biasa; (d) Bekas suami bebas dari kewajiban untuk membayar nafkah iddah terhadap bekas istri; (e) Tidak ada hak mut'ah (berupa uang atau benda) bagi si isteri. Negara mempunyai kepentingan pula untuk turut mencampuri urusan masalah perkawinan dengan membentuk dan melaksanakan peraturan perundang-undangan tentang perkawinan. Tujuannya untuk memberi perlindungan terhadap rakyat sebagai salah satu unsur negara, melalui hukum yang berlaku dan diberlakukan terhadap mereka. Salah satu nya adalah dengan adanya SEMA No.3 Tahun 2018 termuat dalam rumusan hukum kamar agama yang salah satu bunyi nya adalah “Kewajiban suami akibat perceraian terhadap istri yang tidak nusyuz Mengakomodir Perma Nomor 3 Tahun 2017 Tentang Pedoman Mengadili Perkara Perempuan Berhadapan Dengan Hukum, maka isteri dalam perkara cerai gugat dapat diberikan mut'ah, dan nafkah idah sepanjang tidak terbukti nusyuz", sehingga memberikan kesempatan bagi wanita yang mengguat cerai suaminya untuk mendapatkan hak-haknya sebagai mantan isteri yang harus ditunaikan mantan suaminya dengan syarat tidak terbukti nusyuz Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan yuridis normatif. Pendekatan yuridis normatif dilakukan dengan cara terlebih dahulu meneliti peraturan perundang-undangan yang relavan dengan permasalahan yang diteliti. Penelitian yang digunakan pada karya ilmiah ini adalah penelitian kepustakaan (library reseach). Pada perkara khulu' istri tidak memiliki hak untuk mendapatkan nafkah idah dan mut'ah baik itu menurut fiqh maupun hukum perkawinan islam di Indonesia. Surat Edaran Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia No 3 Tahun 2018 sesuai dengan konsep negara Indonesia sebagai negara hukum yang menggunakan Pancasila sebagai landasan Negara yang dalam sila ke lima yaitu keadilan sosial bagi seluruh rakyat Indonesia. Memberikan kepada seluruh rakyat Indonesia jaminan untuk mendapatkan keadilan
Investigation of Babesia spp. in Stray Dogs in Van Province by Polymerase Chain Reaction
Authors: SELÇİN Ömer , OĞUZ Bekir
Published: May 2022

Amaç: Köpek babesiosisi Babesia spp.’ nin neden olduğu hemolitik anemi, splenomegali, trombositopeni ve ateşe neden olabilen kene kaynaklı bir protozoal hastalıktır. Türkiye’de yapılan moleküler çalışmalar soncunda B. canis, B. gibsoni, B. vogeli, B. rossi ve B. vulpes türlerinin varlığı ortaya konulmuştur. Yapılan literatür taramalarına göre Van ilinde yaşayan köpeklerde Babesia türlerini ortaya koyan herhangi bir çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışma, Van ilindeki köpeklerde babesiosisin varlığı ve yaygınlığının Polimeraz Zincir Reaksiyonu (PZR) tekniği ile araştırılması amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Yöntem: Rastgele seçilen toplam 100 asemptomatik köpeğin vena cephalica antebrachii’lerinden EDTA’lı tüplere kan örnekleri alınmıştır. Alınan örneklerden elde edilen DNA’lar, Babesia spp.’ nin varlığı yönünden 18S ribozomal RNA geninin amplifiye edildiği PZR yöntemi ile araştırılmıştır.
Bulgular: Muayene edilen 100 köpeğin PZR sonuçlarına göre hiçbirinde Babesia spp. DNA’sına rastlanmamıştır.
Sonuç: Bu çalışma ile Van yöresi sokak köpeklerinde ilk kez Babesia spp. türleri moleküler olarak araştırılmıştır.
Aspectos matemáticos e materiais da fabricação do báculo de Petrus Ramus frente a concepção de licenciandos em Matemática
Authors: Brito da Silva Francisco Hemerson , Batista Antonia Naiara de Sousa
Published: May 2022

A utilização de instrumentos matemáticos atrelados a textos históricos tem ganhado bastante espaço em estudos recentes, principalmente, no que se refere ao interesse de articular o ensino com a história de uma forma equilibrada, sem que uma se sobreponha ao objetivo da outra, mas que ambas possam dialogar entre si. Dessa forma, tomamos como elemento da história o tratado Via regia ad geometriam – The Way To Geometry, uma versão escrita e publicada em Londres, por William Bedwell, em 1636, tendo como autor Petrus Ramus (1515–1572). A partir dele, adentramos no texto que versa sobre as partes da construção e o uso de um báculo para o planejamento e a aplicação de um curso de extensão universitária, pela Universidade Estadual do Ceará (UECE), na modalidade remota, devido à pandemia da Covid-19. Dentro desse contexto, nossa pesquisa visou, através da coleta de dados, a apresentar os elementos matemáticos e materiais mobilizados na fabricação dos báculos durante a prática formativa. Assim, para o delineamento deste escrito, fizemos uso das pesquisas qualitativa e descritiva, que vão ao encontro dos elementos planejados, aplicados e coletados dentro do curso. Partindo-se disso e em decorrência do que foi desenvolvido, conseguimos perceber, por meio da vivência universitária, que alguns conhecimentos geométricos foram visualizados pelos participantes no momento da reconstrução do báculo de Petrus Ramus, como também a variedade de materiais físicos utilizados para construí-lo, influenciando no modelo final produzido pelos discentes. Logo, consideramos que a vivência pôde contribuir para a formação dos participantes no concernente à abordagem teórica, geométrica e prática, ao permitir o contato deles com um recurso didático advindo da história da matemática.
Numerical Study of the Effects of Lambda and Injection Timing on RCCI Combustion Mode
Authors: HALİS Serdar , SOLMAZ Hamit , POLAT Seyfi , YÜCESU H. Serdar
Published: May 2022

Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI), which is a low temperature combustion mode based on the principle of working with dual fuel, has attracted the attention of researchers in recent years due to its advantages such as high thermal efficiency, low NOx and soot emissions, and controllability of combustion. In this study, the effects of injection timing and lambda on RCCI combustion mode were investigated numerically by validating the experimental data with Converge CFD software. A four-cylinder, four-stroke gasoline direct-injection engine with a compression ratio of 9.2 was used in RCCI combustion mode at an engine speed of 1000 rpm. The maximum cylinder pressure also increased and RCCI combustion was advanced while the injection timing was advanced. The highest peak pressure was obtained at SOI=-50°CA aTDC, and the lowest peak pressure was obtained at SOI=-25°CA aTDC. Similarly, the highest peak HRR value was acquired as 213 J/°CA at SOI=-50°CA aTDC. It has been observed that as the lambda decreases, the maximum cylinder pressure increases, and combustion advances. In addition, the heat release rises with a decrease in lambda value. The maximum heat release rate was acquired as 77.91 J/°CA at λ=1.2. The results show that injection timing and lambda have a great influence on RCCI combustion mode and the combustion phase can be controlled with these parameters.
Application of polymer composite materials for production of springs of vehicles (review)
Authors:   Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University (MADI), Kosenko E. A. , Klimova K.S. ,   Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University (MADI)
Published: May 2022

Polymer composite materials (PCM) have found the wide application in the production of products for various purposes. Elastic elements of machines, in particular springs, operate under conditions of alternating loads, resulting in their fatigue failure and a failure of a technical system as a whole. PCMs based on fibrous fillers are materials with considerable internal friction, which ensures energy dissipation and damping free vibrations. The use of such materials in the production of elastic elements of machines will allow one not only to increase the durability of products, but also to realize the possibility of switching to small-leaf or single-leaf springs, as well as to reduce their weight. However, the production of springs from PCM is associated with a number of difficulties, which include: the choice of the composition and the properties of PCM components, as well as the scheme of its reinforcement, the methods of molding, curing and subsequent processing. In addition, at present, methods for calculating profiled composite elements with complex fiber placement trajectories are insufficiently developed. Therefore, the solution of these problems is an urgent problem of great scientific and practical importance. The analyses results of the properties of materials of PCM components for the production of springs, the methods of production of them and subsequent processing are presented. The significant factors influencing the durability of elastic elements of machines have been determined.
Evaluation of antistatic properties of compositions used for equipment conservation
Authors:   Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University (MADI), Lysak V.V.
Published: May 2022

The most widespread types of conservation compositions (corrosion inhibitor, wax, polish for chromium, and universal plastic lubricant) used to ensure seasonal equipment storage have been analyzed and their antistatic properties have been determined. It was found out that the use only conservation compositions with the best antistatic properties allowed one to achieve the maximum possible service life after deconservation with minimal work and material costs.
Penerapan Teori Permainan Dalam Menentukan Strategi Pemasaran Batik di Kecamatan Proppo Kabupaten Pamekasan
Authors: Mamdudah Siti , Kuzairi Kuzairi , Mardianto M. Fariz Fadillah
Published: May 2022

Batik is a form of handicraft that has high artistic value and has become a global Indonesian culture. The expansion of batik products will lead to rapid competition between the batik market, so that batik companies must have an optimal marketing strategy. To find the optimal marketing strategy, this research applies game theory as a direction for optimizing marketing strategy results by collecting data from batik sales through exhibition promotions, online and personal selling. The results showed that the optimal strategy at the Mj-Abe Store lies in the second strategy, namely personal selling promotion. The optimal strategy for Ragiel Batik Stores lies in the third strategy, namely personal selling promotion. The optimal strategy for Toko Kurnia Batik lies in the first strategy, namely exhibition promotion. Finally, the optimal strategy for the Bintang Abadi Store lies in the first strategy, namely exhibition promotion.
Mengenal Business Model Canvas pada UMKM Eatsambel
Authors: Athallah Dhiafairuz
Published: May 2022

UMKM Eatsambel adalah UMKM yang bergerak pada bidang F&B yang berkembang secara cepat dan pesat. Produk Eatsambel banyak dibeli konsumen. Produk memiliki rasa yang enak dan sangat worth it dalam harga yang mereka tawarkan. Sehingga, BMC milik UMKM Eatsambel menarik untuk di dijabarkan.
Magnetic fabrics of rhyolite ignimbrites reveal complex emplacement dynamics of pyroclastic density currents, an example from the Altenberg–Teplice Caldera, Bohemian Massif
Authors: Vitouš Petr , Tomek Filip , Petronis Michael
Published: May 2022

The anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) is commonly used to infer the flow dynamics, source areas, and post-emplacement processes of pyroclastic density currents (PDC) of young calderas (i.e. Cenozoic). At older calderas, the primary record is often obscured by post-emplacement deformation and/or long-term erosion. Here, we focus on the ~314–313 Ma welded ignimbrites inside the Altenberg–Teplice Caldera (ATC; Bohemian Massif). The small-volume, moderately-welded ignimbrites emplaced prior to caldera-forming eruption yield a generally westward flow direction as determined from the imbrication of the magmatic and magnetic foliation plane. Their eruptive vents were located along the eastern margin of the future caldera. The most voluminous high-grade ignimbrites, products of the caldera-forming event, indicate a high degree of welding and rheomorphic ductile folding that obscured the primary flow fabrics. Based on the fabric pattern, published radiometric and field geology data from the ATC, we interpret that these ignimbrites were sourced from a dike swarm along the northwestern caldera rim. The PDCs then flowed across the subsiding caldera towards the south and south-southeast, where extra-caldera ignimbrites are exposed. The final trap-door caldera collapse triggered the emplacement of the microgranite ring dikes. These dikes, along with the post-caldera granites, may have driven a local resurgence along the eastern caldera rim. As exemplified by the ATC, the AMS fabric can be applied successfully to much older caldera ignimbrites including those with a high degree of welding and rheomorphism to interpret flow direction, deposition, emplacement, and post-emplacement dynamics.
Mantle plumes and their interactions
Authors: Steinberger Bernhard , Steinberger Alisha
Published: May 2022

Hotspots are regions of intraplate volcanism or especially strong volcanism along plateboundaries, and many of them are likely caused by underlying mantle plumes – localizedhot upwellings from deep inside the Earth. It is still uncertain, whether all plumes or justsome of them rise from the lowermost mantle, and to what extent and where theyentrain chemically different materials. Also, large uncertainties exist regarding their size.Some plumes (such as Hawaii) create linear hotspot tracks, as the plate moves overthem and can therefore serve as reference frames for plate motions, whereas others(such as Iceland) show a more complicated distribution of volcanic rocks due to variablelithosphere thickness and plume-ridge interaction. Plumes may also weaken plateboundaries and hence influence plate motions. They may influence surface features suchas ice sheets, and therefore climate, but we are just beginning to study and understandprocesses jointly involving solid earth, hydrosphere and atmosphere.
Women’s Risk Perception and Responses to Intimate Partner Sexual Coercion: The Role of Type of Tactic, Previous Experience and Myths Acceptance
Authors: Garrido-Macías Marta
Published: May 2022

Sexual coercion is among the subtlest forms of sexual violence in an intimate relationship and sometimes goes unnoticed by victims. The present study analysed factors that potentially mitigate women’s negative perceptions of intimate partner sexual coercion (IPSC). A total of 427 women completed an online survey, in which they were shown vignettes illustrating a growing risk of sexual coercion according to the perpetrators’ use of different coercive tactics. Participants replied to questions that reflected their risk perception, their perceptions of perpetrator behaviour, and the probability of their leaving the relationship. The survey also queried their previous IPSC experience, and their degree of acceptance of sexual aggression myths. According to the results, women exposed to positive (vs negative) verbal sexual coercion (VSC) condition decided to leave the abusive situation later (risk response), presented a longer time lag between the moment they recognised the risk and the moment they responded to it, perceived the perpetrator’s behaviour as more acceptable and excusable, and were less likely to leave the relationship. Finally, greater myth acceptance and previous IPSC experience predicted a lower probability of leaving the relationship, due to delayed risk responses and to perceiving the perpetrator’s behaviour as more acceptable and excusable. This was true regardless of the type of coercive tactic used by the perpetrator. The results highlight the need to consider the type of coercive tactic, previous experience, and myths acceptance as risk factors that may impede a woman to adequately perceive and respond to an intimate partner’s sexual violence.
Preregistration: Practical Considerations for Speech, Language, and Hearing Research
Authors: Brown Violet Aurora , Strand Julia Feld
Published: May 2022

Purpose: In the last decade, psychology and other sciences have implemented numerous reforms to improve the robustness of our research, many of which are based on increasing transparency throughout the research process. Among these reforms is the practice of preregistration, in which researchers create a time-stamped and uneditable document prior to data collection that describes the methods of the study, how the data will be analyzed, the sample size, and many other decisions (Nosek et al., 2018). The current paper highlights the benefits of preregistration with a focus on the specific issues that speech, language, and hearing researchers are likely to encounter, and additionally provides a tutorial for writing preregistrations.Conclusions: Although rates of preregistration have increased dramatically in recent years, the practice is still relatively uncommon in research on speech, language, and hearing. Low rates of adoption may be driven by a lack of understanding of the benefits of preregistration (either generally or for our discipline in particular) or uncertainty about how to proceed if it becomes necessary to deviate from the preregistered plan. Alternatively, researchers may see the benefits of preregistration but not know where to start, and gathering this information from a wide variety of sources is arduous and time consuming. This tutorial addresses each of these potential roadblocks to preregistration and equips readers with tools to facilitate writing preregistrations for research on speech, language, and hearing.
Prevalence of Psychological Distress Among Working-Age Adults in the United States, 1999–2018
Authors: Daly Michael
Published: May 2022

Objectives. Rising distress has been suggested as a cause of recent increases in deaths due to suicide and drug and alcohol related causes among working-age adults. This study tested whether the prevalence of reported psychological distress has increased among working-age adults in the United States between 1999 and 2018. Methods. Psychological distress in the past 30 days was assessed using the Kessler-6 Distress Scale completed by 403,223 participants aged 25-64 across 20 annual waves of the National Health Interview Study conducted from 1999-2018. Overall and demographic-specific trends were examined. Results. The prevalence of psychological distress in the past 30 days increased from 16.1% in 1999/2000 to 22.6% in 2017/2108 an increase of 6.5 percentage points (95% CI, 5.6-7.3) or 40% from 1999–2000 levels. Statistically significant increases in the prevalence of distress were observed across all age, sex, race/ethnicity, and educational attainment subgroups examined. Rates of serious psychological distress increased from 2.7% in 1999/2000 to 4% in 2017/2018 an increase of 1.3 percentage points (95% CI, 0.9-1.6). Conclusions. Since 1999 there has been an upward trend in reported psychological distress among working-aged adults in the United States.
From Distraction to Mindfulness: Latent Structure of the Spanish Mind-Wandering Deliberate and Spontaneous Scales and Their Relationship to Dispositional Mindfulness and Attentional Control
Authors: Cásedas Luis , Torres-Marín Jorge , Coll-Martín Tao , Lupiáñez Juan
Published: May 2022

Objectives: Mind-wandering is a form of internal distraction that may occur both deliberately and spontaneously. This study aimed to provide a psychometric evaluation of the Spanish version of the Mind-Wandering Deliberate and Spontaneous (MW-D/MW-S) scales, as well as to extend prior research investigating their associations with dispositional mindfulness (Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire) and with the ability for attentional control of external distraction (Attentional Control Scale).Methods: In two large samples (n1 = 795; n2 = 1084), we examined latent structure, item- and dimension-level descriptive statistics, and internal consistency reliability scores of the Spanish MW-D/MW-S scales. Partial correlations were used to evaluate their associations to dispositional mindfulness and attentional control. Multiple linear regression and relative weight analyses were used to investigate whether or not, and to what extent, the facets of mindfulness could be uniquely predicted by internal and external distraction.Results: The Spanish MW-D/MW-S scales demonstrated a two-factor structure, high internal consistency reliability scores, and good nomological validity. Dispositional mindfulness was independently explained by internal and external distraction. Across facets, MW-S was the largest (negative) predictor of mindfulness, being this association particularly strong for Acting with awareness. Conversely, MW-D was mildly associated to increased mindfulness. In addition, attentional control was found moderately negatively associated with MW-S and mildly positively associated with MW-D.Conclusions: Our results indicate that the Spanish version of the MW-D/MW-S scales are a useful tool to assess individual differences in deliberate and spontaneous mind-wandering, shed light on the relationship between mindfulness and both internal and external distraction, and accentuate the critical role of intentionality in the study of the mind-wandering phenomena.
Who participates in ecological momentary assessment (EMA) studies? Predicting participation in a general population EMA study
Authors: Murray Aja Louise , Ushakova Anastasia , Zhu Xinxin , Yang Yi , Xiao Zhuoni , Brown Ruth , Speyer Lydia Gabriela , Ribeaud Denis , Eisner Manuel
Published: May 2022

Most ecological momentary assessment (EMA) studies rely on non-random and non-probability sampling approaches, leaving open the possibility that the samples in this area are selective with respect to the individual characteristics of interest in EMA research. Knowledge of the factors that predict participation in EMA research is required to evaluate this possibility and can also inform optimal strategies to recruit EMA samples. This study leveraged the availability of comprehensive data on a general young adult population pool of potential EMA participants and used and compared logistic regression, classification and regression trees (CART), and random forest approaches to evaluate respondent characteristic predictors of willingness to participate in the Decades-to-Minutes (D2M) EMA study. In unadjusted logistic regression models, gender, migration background, anxiety, ADHD symptoms, stress, and prosociality were significant predictors of participation willingness and in logistic regression models mutually adjusting for all predictors, migration background, tobacco use, and social exclusion were significant predictors. A CART approach also identified migration status, tobacco use, and prosociality as prominent predictors, forming the basis of the earliest partitions. However, overall, willingness to participate in the D2M EMA study was poorly predicted from respondent characteristics and only slightly improved with the use of random forest analysis. Cross-validation areas under the curve (AUCs) for the best models were in the range of .56-.57. Results suggest that migration background is the single most promising target for improving EMA participation; however, respondent characteristics alone are unlikely to be sufficient to provide an optimal prediction of participation in EMA studies.
A Virtual Reality Study Investigating The Effect of Cybersickness On The Relationship Between Vection and Presence Across Environments With Varying Levels of Ecological Relevance
Authors: Kooijman Lars , Asadi Houshyar , Mohamed Shady , Nahavandi Saeid
Published: May 2022

In the absence of physical motion, people sometimes experience the illusory sensation of self-motion which is known as vection. Vection and presence are positively related and vection research could contribute to the improvement of the fidelity of motion simulators. However, when utilizing Virtual Reality technology for motion simulators, visually-induced motion sickness (VIMS) in the form of Cybersickness (CS) sometimes co-occurs when one experiences vection. However, the relationship between vection and CS is not evident as, to the best of our knowledge, past research mainly investigated the relationship between the vection and CS with environments with a certain level of ecological relevance. Herein we aimed to investigate whether CS negatively affects the relationship between vection and presence across different virtual environments with varying levels of ecological relevance. We immersed twenty-nine participants visually and audibly in virtual environments and after each trial, participants reported their vection intensity, CS and presence. Our results showed that the relationship between vection intensity and presence was unaffected by CS. We conclude that the relationship between vection and presence is unaffected by CS with low levels of discomfort.
Bayesian inference of prehistoric population dynamics from multiple proxies: a case study from the North of the Swiss Alps
Authors: Hinz Martin , Roe Joe , Laabs Julian , Heitz Caroline , Kolář Jan
Published: May 2022

Robust estimates of population are essential to the study of human–environment relations and socio-ecological dynamics in the past. Population size and density can directly inform reconstructions of prehistoric group size, social organisation, economic constraints, exchange, and political and social institutions. In this pilot study, we present an approach that we believe can be usefully transferred to other regions, as well as refined and extended to greatly advance our understanding of prehistoric demography.Here, we present a Bayesian hierarchical model that uses Poisson regression and state-space representation to produce absolute estimates of past population size and density. Using the area North of the main ridge of the Swiss Alps in prehistoric times (6000–1000 BCE) as a case study, we show that combining multiple proxies (site counts, radiocarbon dates, dendrochronological dates, and landscape openness) produces a more robust reconstruction of population dynamics than any single proxy alone. The model’s estimates of the credibility of its prediction, and the relative weight it affords to individual proxies through time, give further insights into the relative reliability of the evidence currently available for paleodemographic research. Our prediction of population development of the case study area accords well with the current understanding in the wider literature, but provides a more precise and higher-resolution estimate that is less sensitive to spurious fluctuations in the proxy data than existing approaches, especially the popular summed probability distribution of radiocarbon dates.The archaeological record provides several potential proxies of human population dynamics, but individually they are inaccurate, biased, and sparse in their spatial and temporal coverage. Similarly, current methods for estimating past population dynamics are often simplistic: they work on limited spatial scales, tend to rely ona single proxy, and are rarely able to infer population size or density in absolute terms. In contemporary demography, it is becoming increasingly common to use Bayesian statistics to estimate population trends and project them into the future. The Bayesian approach is popular because offers the possibility of combining heterogenous data, and at the same time qualifying the uncertainty and credibility attached to forecasts. These same characteristics make it well-suited to applications to archaeological data in paleodemographic studies.
Analysis of total cost of ownership and cost competitiveness of privately-owned electric vehicles in Nepal
Authors: Pathak Anuj , Subedi Tek Raj
Published: May 2022

TThe fossil fuel has been the dominant power source of the transportation all over the world in the past centuries. With the development of electric powertrain technology and growing concern over the detrimental effects of fossil fuel like greenhouse gas emission, the transport sector is transforming to electric globally. The Government of Nepal has also announced different policy measures as well as national plans to adapt to this growing trend of electric vehicle (EV) adoption. Since EVs are considered to have higher capital cost compared to the internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEV), the operational cost differs significantly due to the different maintenance cost, electricity prices and separate tax policies. In this study, a model to calculate the total ownership cost of EVs and their ICEV counterparts is developed. The different parameters like purchase price, annual kilometer travel (AKT), annual tax and insurances, fuel and electricity prices, annual maintenance cost etc. are used to estimate the total cost of ownership per km (TCO/km) for the two wheeler EVs and ICEVs (E2W, ICE2W) and four wheeler EVs and ICEVs (E4W, ICE4W) along with different policies imposed by the government for such vehicles in two different scenario (i.e., before and after finance act 2020/2021). The sensitivity analysis of input parameters and the breakeven distance that makes EVs economical than ICEVs is also calculated.
Performance evaluation and thermal analysis of pottery furnace in Thimi, Bhaktapur
Authors: Adhikari Ushan , Prajapati Bijendra , Bhandari Anil Mani
Published: May 2022

Pottery is a unique art that involves creating items out of clay. It creates a variety of clay and ceramic products, including as flowerpots, water and grain storage jars, by distilling rice spirits. Almost all pottery manufacture is done in the conventional manner, which uses more energy and emits hazardous emissions. This project primarily focuses on experimental performance analysis, calculating temperature distribution, fuel required per batch, pottery production per batch, maximum temperature reading, flame temperature, and energy audit for an existing furnace and thermal analysis of pottery furnace giving optimum design for future construction and modification of existing furnace. Energy calculation shows that specific fuel consumption of different furnaces in Thimi varies from 0.98MJ/kg to 2.4MJ/kg. Experimental data are collected and validated by transient thermal analysis using ANSYS.
Food Habits and Nutritional Status of Adolescents in Malangwa Municipality, Sarlahi, Nepal: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Dhobi Sakil , Giri Mahendra
Published: May 2022

INTRODUCTION: Stunting and thinness are major nutritional problems affecting adolescents in the developing countries. This cross- sectional study was conducted to identify food consumption pattern, nutritional status and lifestyle pattern of adolescents studying in public schools of Malangwa municipality, Sarlahi, Nepal.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Analytical cross-sectional study was carried out among adolescents of public schools. A semi-structured questionnaire was developed and face to face interview method was used to collect information from three public schools of Malangwa municipality. Simple random sampling technique was applied. Food consumption pattern were reviewed by 24 –hour recall method and 7– day food frequency questionnaire.

RESULTS: The result indicated that protein rich food intake was very low (29%) among the adolescent’s daily diet and 82% of the respondents took fruits and vegetables in daily diet. 40.1% respondents were found malnourished, out of which 37.5% were and 64.8% were boys while 35.2% were girls. Also, 2.5% were overweight, out of which 50.0% were girls and 50.0% were boys.

CONCLUSIONS: Awareness on healthy eating of the adolescents needs to be created to uphold their nutritional status.
Functional and Radiological Outcome in the Management of Diaphyseal Humeral Shaft Fracture Using the Minimally Invasive Percutaneous Plate Osteosynthesis (MIPO) Technique
Authors: Thapa Upendra Jung , Onta Pratyenta Raj , Ranjeet Niraj , Sapkota Krishna , Thapa Pabin
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) is gaining preference nowadays compared to other treatment modalities for diaphyseal fracture of the humerus. We have evaluated the functional and radiological outcome of diaphyseal humeral shaft fracture with the MIPO technique.

Methods: A hospital-based prospective study was conducted on 23 adult patients with diaphyseal fracture of the humerus and treated with the Minimally Invasive Percutaneous Plate Osteosynthesis (MIPO) technique. In all cases, 4.5mm locking compression plates were applied. Clinical and radiological evaluation was done at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months.

Results: Out of 23 patients, the mean age of patients was 40.3 years. The maximum number of cases were caused due to road traffic accidents 14 (60.9%). The left side was commonly affected with a maximum number of them being Type A fracture 13 (56%) as per AO/OTA classification. The mean operative time was 106 minutes and fracture union was achieved in all patients by the end of 20 weeks (mean 14.83 weeks). In the study group, 1 patient had superficial infection with no evidence of iatrogenic radial nerve injury or implant failure. Shoulder and elbow ROM was restored to normal range.

Conclusion: MIPO is a safe and effective technique for the management of diaphyseal humerus fractures, with early fracture healing, less risk of complications such as superficial or deep infection, implant failure, and iatrogenic radial nerve injury, along with a cosmetically acceptable scar.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Ultrasonography in Detecting Ureteric Calculi in Patients with Renal Colic Taking Non-Contrast Multidetector Computerized Tomography of Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder (CT KUB) as the Gold Standard
Authors: Lalchan Subita , Sharma Prakash , KC Subash , Gyawali Merina , Poudel Aseem
Published: May 2022

Introduction: The goal of this study is to find the sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography in detecting ureteric calculi in patients with renal colic taking NECT KUB as the gold standard.

Methods: All patients with acute renal colic presenting in the radiology department for ultrasonography and NECT KUB were enrolled in the study. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography in detecting ureteric calculi were calculated by taking NECT KUB as the gold standard test.

Results: A total of 88 patients were enrolled in the study. The mean age was 37 years. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography for the detection of ureteric calculi were found to be 85.8 %, 80 %, 97.1 %, 42.1 %, and 85.2 % respectively in the present study.

Conclusion: Ultrasonography shows high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of ureteric calculi. It is a cheap, non-invasive, and easily available modality and there is no risk of radiation exposure. NECT KUB should be reserved for that patient for whom ultrasonography is not able to give a diagnosis.
Contextual challenges in research ethics and quality of research
Authors: Baral Gehanath
Published: May 2022

Context, issues and challenges are different in different set up globally. Research and ethics appear to be challenged by ignorance, scarcity, formality and business. Non-research beaurocratic planning and management results in ethically challenged substandard product as the ethics and procedures are not legally binding. Structured training, capacity build up and resource mobilization would be the preliminary solutions.
Association of serum homocysteine levels with the development of preeclampsia
Authors: Kannayan Lokeshwari , Shamim Nazma , Arpana Anju , Mudigubba Manoj Kumar , B Sreenivasa
Published: May 2022

Aims: To determine the association between serum homocysteine levels and preeclampsia and its relevance as a potential marker for predicting preeclampsia.
Methods: A total number of 50 preeclampsia cases were taken. 30 cases of normal pregnancy were taken as controls. This study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Gauahati from August 2012 to July 2013. Blood samples were drawn from the antecubital vein and serum homocysteine levels were measured.
Results: The mean serum homocysteine levels in preeclampsia cases were 27.7 ± 6.4 μmol/l compared to serum homocysteine levels in normal pregnancy 9.23 ± 3.4 μmol/l (P<0.01).There was a significant relationship between the systolic and the diastolic blood pressure and serum homocysteine levels. As the systolic and diastolic blood pressure increases, serum homocysteine levels also increased significantly (P<0.001).
Conclusion: This study showed raised serum homocysteine levels in patients with preeclampsia compared to normal pregnancy.
Keywords: Serum homocysteine; Preeclampsia; Blood pressure
Analysis of Gynecological malignancy in surgical specimens during Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Baral Reetu Sharma , Shrestha Oshan , Nepal Niraj , Choudhary Prabesh Kumar , Baral Gehanath
Published: May 2022

Aims: To determine the pattern of female genital tract malignancies in a teaching hospital in eastern Nepal.
Methods: This is a retrospective cross sectional study performed in the Department of Pathology at Nobel Medical College, Biratnagar, Nepal. This study was conducted over a period of 4 months during Covid-19 pandemic from June 2020 to September 2020. The records of the pathology department were analyzed.
Results: A total of 600 specimens were received in the Pathology Department out of which 224 (37.3%) were gynecology samples. Total number of gynecology malignancy was 14 (2.3%). The most common was cervical carcinoma (57%) followed by ovarian malignancy. More than 70% fell in 40-60 years age group.
Conclusions: In conclusion, in this cross sectional study we found more cervical cancer than other gynaecological malignancies which was followed by cancers of ovary. Most of the patients were in the 41-50 years age group. Tumor imprint cytology could be an option in place of frozen section in resource constraint setting. Effective screening test for cervical cancer would help prevent invasive cervical cancer and its morbidity.
Keywords: gynecological malignancy, high grade neoplasia, squamous cell carcinoma
Outcome of total laparoscopic hysterectomy in women with previous caesarean section
Authors: Neupane Bhanubhakta , Karki Gyanendra Man Singh , Pokharel Hanoon P , Dahal Prerana , Bhandari Garima
Published: May 2022

Aims: To assess the surgical outcome of total laparoscopic hysterectomy performed in women with previous caesarean section.
Methods: This is a cross sectional analytical study conducted at Birat Medical College, Teaching Hospital from 1 May 2019 to 28 February 2020. One hundred thirty patients undergoing total laparoscopic hysterectomy were categorized in two groups with and without previous caesarean section. The data were entered into Microsoft Excel and analyzed by using statistical package for social studies (SPSS 23.0).
Results: The overall complication rate was 3.87% (5/130) with 4.61% (3/65) in previous cesarean section and 3.07% (2/65) without it. Urinary tract injury was the common injury. Mean operating time was slightly higher in previous cesarean section but was not statistically significant.
Conclusions: Total laparoscopic hysterectomy can be performed in patients with previous caesarean section without any significant increase in intraoperative and immediate postoperative complications.
Keywords: adhesion, caesarean section, hysterectomy, laparoscopic
Comparison of incidence of intra uterine fetal death and its causes at an interval of five years in Kathmandu University Hospital
Authors: Tamrakar Suman Raj , Tripathi Priyanka
Published: May 2022

Aims: To compare the incidence of intra uterine fetal death and its causes at an interval of five years.
Methods: This retrospective study was conducted to compare the incidence of intrauterine fetal death and its causes during 2010 and 2011 versus 2016 and 2017.
Results: A total of 4219 deliveries conducted in the year 2010 and 2011, of them 90 (2.13%) were intrauterine fetal death. Likewise altogether 5873 deliveries conducted in the year 2016 and 2017, of them 105 (1.79%) were intrauterine fetal death. Mean age of mothers with fetal death were similar (25.47±5.64 vs 25.76±5.7 years; p>0.05). Common presenting complaints were reduced/absent fetal movement, abdominal pain, pre-labor rupture of membranes and antepartum hemorrhage. The majority of women were at low risk. Fetal characteristics of the intrauterine fetal deaths were almost comparable except fetal weight. Dead fetuses weighed lower significantly in the year 2016 and 2017 (2182.78±821.04 vs 1943.62±912.19 gram; p=0.05). In both periods, majority of stillborn babies appeared to be non-dysmorphic. There were significant numbers of referred-in cases who have complications.
Conclusions: The incidence of intrauterine fetal death is decreased in Kathmandu University Hospital over the years and referred-in cases are more for the obstetric care.
Keywords: fetal death, fetal movements, nuchal cord, placenta
Maternal Risk Factors Associated with Term Low Birth Weight in Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital, Bhutan
Authors: Wangdi Phurpa , Tenzin Karma , Gyamtsho Sonam , Tshomo Ugyen , Bhutia Pema Choden , Wangden Tshering , Dorji Phurb
Published: May 2022

Aims: To investigate the association of various maternal factors and associated medical conditions during pregnancy with low birth weight (LBW) at term in neonates.
Methods: An unmatched case control study was done involving 150 cases (mothers who delivered singleton baby at term weighing less than 2500g) and 150 controls (mothers who delivered singleton baby at term weighing ≥2500g) in Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital from 2018 to 2019. Consecutive and systematic sampling methods were used to select case and control respectively. Student unpaired t-test was used to test the differences between the control and case means for various factors. Odds ratios were used to assess the role of various factors on low birth weight
Results: This study found maternal height, weight gain during pregnancy, time of first antenatal visit and hypertension during pregnancy as the independent predictors of low birth weight.
Conclusions: Targeted interventions such as improving maternal weight gain during pregnancy, empowering mothers to come early for their first antenatal care and optimising gestational hypertension can help to prevent low birth weight.
Keywords: Bhutan, case control study, low birth weight, risk factors, singleton pregnancy.
Female genital tuberculosis: Histopathological study
Authors: Sharma Reetu , Sherpa Palzum , KC Shiva Raj
Published: May 2022

Aims: To find out the occurrence of genital tuberculosis in submitted samples of female genital tract, histopathological changes and age distribution.
Methods: A retrospective study of 300 cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis out of which 11 are of female genital tract based on laboratory record which was done from 2011 to 2018 at Patan Academy of Health Science, Lalitpur, Nepal. Descriptive analysis performed using MS Excel and SPSS 16.
Results: Out of 30,000 biopsies 300 cases were of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Out of 300 extrapulmonary tuberculosis females affected were 61%; out of these female patients 3.6% (n=11) were of female genital system. Maximum numbers of the cases lie in the age group 30-39 years. Lymph nodes comprised of 58%, followed by Gastrointestinal and Skin in 10% each. Out of all female genital tuberculosis 27% was seen in endometrium while majority (73%) was seen in tubo-ovarian complex; all of them had epithelioid granuloma and 54% had caseous necrosis. Ziehl Neelson stain done for acid fast bacilli was positive in 2 cases (18%).
Conclusions: The female genital TB constituted 0.04% of total biopsies with 3.6% samples of female patients of total extrapulmonary tuberculosis. The commonest sites affected by tuberculosis were seen to be fallopian tube, ovaries and endometrium. Histopathology with special stains remains the gold standard for diagnosing female genital tuberculosis in Nepal even though there is advanced diagnostic modalities like PCR, culture of tissue and/or fluid (menstrual/peritoneal).
Keywords: caseous necrosis, epithelioid granuloma, female genital, tuberculosis
Prediction of hypotension using perfusion index following spinal anesthesia in lower segment caesarean section
Authors: Pradhan Akshay Prasad , Sharma Achyut , Shrestha Amir Babu , Gurung Tara , Shrestha Sangeeta , Basnet Ujjwal , Thakur Jay Prakash , Kumar Mukesh
Published: May 2022

N/A
Risk of Malignancy Index-3 and Histopathological Diagnosis of Ovarian Mass
Authors: Pandit Benju , Baral Gehanath
Published: May 2022

Aims: To find out the accuracy of Risk of Malignancy Index (RMI-3) to predict ovarian malignancy pre-operatively.
Methods: Intention to treat cross sectional study at Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital in Kathmandu in 2018-2019. Cases with ovarian mass were taken pre-operatively with serum tumor marker (CA-125) and ultrasound report, and histopathology report post- operatively. Pregnancy and diagnosed malignancy were excluded. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of RMI-3 were calculated at different cut-off values using Receiver operator characteristics (ROC) curve.
Results: 36 cases of ovarian tumor from 15 to 60 years (mean=35) were studied. There were 31(86.1%) premenopausal and 5 (13.9%) in menopausal state; 26 (72.2%) were married and 10 (27.8%) unmarried; 19 (52.8%) were multiparous, 9 (25%) were nulliparous and 8 (22.2%) uniparous; 34 (94.4%) presented with pain in lower abdomen; 16 (44.4%) had lump in lower abdomen; 8 (22.2%) had bloody vaginal discharge. Eight out of 36 (22.2%) had malignant histopathology. Taking histopathology to diagnose ovarian malignant tumor RMI 3 score >200 has sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of 75%, 92%, 75%, 92% respectively. Taking the cut off value of RMI 3 at >190.5, AUC is 0.906 for ovarian malignant tumor the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were 75%, 93%, 55% and 96% respectively.
Conclusions: Risk of Malignancy Index RMI-3 value of 190 or more is the best predictive cut-off to predict ovarian malignancy pre- operatively.
Keywords: Cut-off value; ovarian cancer; RMI-3