bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long COVID: Association of Functional Autoantibodies against G-Protein-Coupled Receptors with an Impaired Retinal Microcirculation
Authors: Szewczykowski Charlotte , Mardin Christian , Lucio Marianna , Wallukat Gerd , Hoffmanns Jakob , Schröder Thora , Raith Franziska , Rogge Lennart , Heltmann Felix , Moritz Michael , Beitlich Lorenz , Schottenhamml Julia , Herrmann Martin , Harrer Thomas , Ganslmayer Marion , Kruse Friedrich E. , Kräter Martin , Guck Jochen , Lämmer Robert , Zenkel Matthias , Gießl Andreas , Hohberger Bettina
Published: June 2022

Long COVID (LC) describes the clinical phenotype of symptoms after infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Diagnostic and therapeutic options are limited, as the pathomechanism of LC is elusive. As the number of acute SARS-CoV-2 infections was and is large, LC will be a challenge for the healthcare system. Previous studies revealed an impaired blood flow, the formation of microclots, and autoimmune mechanisms as potential factors in this complex interplay. Since functionally active autoantibodies against G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR-AAbs) were observed in patients after SARS-CoV-2 infection, this study aimed to correlate the appearance of GPCR-AAbs with capillary microcirculation. The seropositivity of GPCR-AAbs was measured by an established cardiomyocyte bioassay in 42 patients with LC and 6 controls. Retinal microcirculation was measured by OCT–angiography and quantified as macula and peripapillary vessel density (VD) by the Erlangen-Angio Tool. A statistical analysis yielded impaired VD in patients with LC compared to the controls, which was accentuated in female persons. A significant decrease in macula and peripapillary VD for AAbs targeting adrenergic β2-receptor, MAS-receptor angiotensin-II-type-1 receptor, and adrenergic α1-receptor were observed. The present study might suggest that a seropositivity of GPCR-AAbs can be linked to an impaired retinal capillary microcirculation, potentially mirroring the systemic microcirculation with consecutive clinical symptoms.
Descriptions and Barcoding of Five New Chinese Deuterophlebia Species Revealing This Genus in Both Holarctic and Oriental Realms (Diptera: Deuterophlebiidae)
Authors: Zheng Xuhongyi , Chen Zhiteng , Mu Pengxu , Ma Zhenxing , Zhou Changfa
Published: June 2022

The monotypic family Deuterophlebiidae of China was recorded twice previously from far northwest upon adults, the most parts of this country have not been investigated, leaving a huge blank of knowledge on their morphology, diversity, biology, or distribution. After deliberated collecting and rearing in recent years, we obtained more than one thousand specimens of Deuterophlebiidae, they are classified into five new species herein: Deuterophlebia sinensis sp. nov., D. yunnanensis sp. nov., D. wuyiensis sp. nov., D. acutirhina sp. nov. and D. alata sp. nov. Detailed descriptions and photographs of gathered life stages are given for these new species. Adults of them can be identified by chaetotaxy and length ratio of flagellomeres and legs, microtrichia on postgena and shape of their clypeus, pupae can be recognized by thoracic spines and abdominal chitin bands, and larvae can be separated by setae on thorax and abdomen. Genetic distances between species are 0.086–0.175 based on their COI genes. This contribution represents the first database of the enigmatic Deuterophlebiidae from China and shows a new distribution pattern of Deuterophlebia. In addition, the discovery throws some light on the origin and biogeography of the genus and family.
ICU Patients’ Perception of Sleep and Modifiable versus Non-Modifiable Factors That Affect It: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Martinez F. Eduardo , Poulter Amber-Louise , Seneviratne Charuni , Chrimes Abbey , Havill Kenneth , Balogh Zsolt J. , Paech Gemma M.
Published: June 2022

Background: Good sleep quantity and quality are essential for patient recovery while in the intensive care unit (ICU). Patients commonly report poor sleep while in the ICU, and therefore, identifying the modifiable factors that patients perceive as impacting their sleep is important to improve sleep and recovery. This study also assessed night-time light and sound levels in an ICU in an effort to find modifiable factors. Methods: A total of 137 patients (51F) aged 58.1 ± 16.8 years completed a survey including questions about their sleep before and during their ICU stay, factors contributing to poor sleep in the ICU, and perceived factors that may have improved their sleep in the ICU. Night-time light and sound levels were measured in patient rooms and nurses’ stations. Results: Patients reported poorer sleep quantity and quality while in the ICU compared to home. Among the most common reasons for poor sleep, easily modifiable factors included noise (50.4%) and lights (45.3%), potentially modifiable factors included pain (46.7%), and non-modifiable factors included IV lines (42.3%). Patients felt their sleep would have been improved with interventions such as dimming lights (58.4%) and closing doors/blinds at night (42.3%), as well as potentially implementable interventions such as a sleeping pill (51.8%). Overnight sound levels in bedrooms were above the recommended levels (40 dB) and light levels averaged over 100 lux. Conclusions: Sleep quality and quantity were both worse in ICU than at home. Modifiable factors such as sound and light are common factors that patients perceive impact their sleep in the ICU. Readily implementable sleep management strategies aimed at minimizing the impacts of sound and light levels in the ICU are ways to improve patients’ sleep in the ICU.
The Ottawa Score Performs Poorly to Identify Cancer Patients at High Risk of Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism: Insights from the TROPIQUE Study and Updated Meta-Analysis
Authors: Frere Corinne , Crichi Benjamin , Wahl Clémentine , Lesteven Elodie , Connault Jérôme , Durant Cécile , Rueda-Camino Jose Antonio , Yannoutos Alexandra , Bensaoula Okba , Le Maignan Christine , Marjanovic Zora , Farge Dominique
Published: June 2022

The Ottawa score (OS) for predicting the risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) in cancer patients with VTE may help to guide anticoagulant treatment decisions that will optimize benefit-risk ratios. However, data on its reliability are conflicting. We applied the OS to all cancer patients with VTE enrolled in the prospective multicenter TROPIQUE study who received low-molecular-weight heparin over a 6-month period. Of 409 patients, 171 (41.8%) had a high-risk OS. The 6-month cumulative incidence of recurrent VTE was 7.8% (95%CI 4.2–14.8) in the high-risk OS group versus 4.8% (95%CI 2.6–8.9) in the low-risk OS group (SHR 1.47; 95%CI 0.24–8.55). The Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (AUROC) of the OS in identifying patients who developed recurrent VTE was 0.53 (95%CI 0.38–0.65), and its accuracy was 57.9%. Among individual variables included in the OS, only prior VTE was significantly associated with the 6-month risk of recurrent VTE (SHR 4.39; 95% CI 1.13–17.04). When pooling data from all studies evaluating this score for predicting VTE recurrence in cancer patients (7 studies, 3413 patients), the OS estimated pooled AUROC was 0.59 (95%CI 0.56–0.62), and its accuracy was 55.7%. The present findings do not support the use of the OS to assess the risk of recurrent VTE in cancer patients.
De Novo Complement-Binding Anti-HLA Antibodies in Heart Transplanted Patients Is Associated with Severe Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy and Poor Long-Term Survival
Authors: Baudry Guillaume , Pozzi Matteo , Aubry Matthieu , Hugon-Vallet Elisabeth , Mocan Raluca , Chalabreysse Lara , Portran Philippe , Obadia Jean-François , Thaunat Olivier , Girerd Nicolas , Dubois Valérie , Sebbag Laurent
Published: June 2022

Introduction: De novo anti-HLA donor specific antibodies (DSA) have been inconsistently associated with cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) and long-term mortality. We tested whether C3d-binding de novo DSA were associated with CAV or long-term-survival. Methods: We included 282 consecutive patients without preformed DSA on coronary angiography between 2010 and 2012. Angiographies were classified according to CAV ISHLT grading. The primary outcome was a composite criterion of severe CAV or mortality. As the impact of de novo antibodies should be assessed only after appearance, we used a Cox regression with time-dependent covariables. Results: Of the 282 patients, 51(18%) developed de novo DSA during follow-up, 29 patients had DSA with C3d-binding ability (DSA+C3d+), and 22 were without C3d-binding ability (DSA+C3d-). Compared with patients without DSA, DSA+C3d+ patients had an increased risk for the primary outcome of severe CAV or mortality (adjusted HR = 4.31 (2.40–7.74) p < 0.001) and long-term mortality (adjusted HR = 3.48 (1.97–6.15) p < 0.001) whereas DSA+C3d- did not (adjusted HR = 1.04 (0.43–2.47) p = 0.937 for primary outcome and HR = 1.08 (0.45–2.61) p = 0.866 for mortality). Conclusion: According to this large monocentric study in heart transplant patients, donor specific antibodies were associated with worse clinical outcome when binding complement. DSA and their complement-binding ability should thus be screened for to optimize heart transplant patient follow-up.
Occurrence of Candidemia in Patients with COVID-19 Admitted to Five ICUs in France
Authors: Blaize Marion , Raoelina Audrey , Kornblum Dimitri , Kamus Laure , Lampros Alexandre , Berger Marie , Demeret Sophie , Constantin Jean-Michel , Monsel Antoine , Mayaux Julien , Luyt Charles-Edouard , Piarroux Renaud , Fekkar Arnaud
Published: June 2022

Whether severe COVID-19 is by itself a significant risk factor for the development of candidemia currently remains an open question as conflicting results have been published. We aim to assess the occurrence of candidemia in patients with severe COVID-19 admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). We conducted a retrospective study on patients with severe SARS-CoV-2-related pneumonia admitted to 5 ICUs in France who were specifically screened for fungal complications between March 2020 and January 2021. The study population included a total of 264 patients; the median age was 56 years old and most of them were male (n = 186; 70.5%) and immunocompetent (n = 225; 87.5%), and 62.7% (n = 153/244) were on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. Microbiological analysis included 4864 blood culture samples and beta-glucan test performed on 975 sera. Candidemia was diagnosed in 13 (4.9%) patients. The species involved were mainly C. albicans (n = 6) and C. parapsilosis (n = 5). Almost all patients (12/13; 92.3%) had a colonization by yeasts. ICU mortality was not significantly impacted by the occurrence of candidemia. Unrelated positive beta-glucan tests were observed in 49 patients (23.4%), including 6 with mold infections and 43 with false positive results. In our series, patients with severe SARS-CoV-2-related pneumonia seemed at low risk of developing invasive candidiasis.
Telemedicine as an Untapped Opportunity for Parkinson’s Nurses Training in Personalized Care Approaches
Authors: van Munster Marlena , Stümpel Johanne , Clemens Timo , Czabanowska Katarzyna , Pedrosa David J. , Mestre Tiago A. ,   on behalf of the iCare-PD Consortium
Published: June 2022

(1) Background: Parkinson nurses (PN) take over important functions in the telemedical care of person’s with Parkinson’s disease (PwPs). This requires special competencies that have so far been largely unexplored. The aim of the article is to identify competencies of PN operating in a personalized care model. (2) Methods: This study employed a qualitative approach. Based on the competency framework for telenursing, PN were asked about their competencies using a qualitative online survey. (3) Results: The results show that PN need competencies on a personal and organizational level, as well as in the relationship with PwPs. PN have developed these skills through professional exchange, training, and personal experience. In addition, both hindering and beneficial factors for the development of competencies could be identified. (4) Conclusions: Competency development for telemedical care is complex and must be designed and promoted in a targeted manner.
Spatial Distribution and Driving Forces of the Vegetable Industry in China
Authors: Wang Hongru , He Jun , Aziz Noshaba , Wang Yue
Published: June 2022

Based on the ArcGIS geostatistical analysis method, this study offers a visualization of the spatial distribution pattern and spatial trend of vegetable production in China. The research also examines the degree of spatial agglomeration patterns of vegetable production by using the standard deviation ellipse technique and exploratory spatial data analysis method. In addition, we employ the spatial regression model partial differential method to explore the driving factors leading to the changing layout of vegetable production. The findings unveil that vegetable production in China exhibit strong spatial non-equilibrium characteristics, with “high-high” and “low-low” types as the main agglomeration patterns. Furthermore, the location distribution shows a northeast–southwest orientation with the center of gravity of distribution gradually directed toward the southwest. Regarding driving factors, the results show that the effective irrigated area of natural factors had a facilitating effect on the layout of vegetable production, while the affected area had an inhibiting effect on it. Climate indicators such as temperature, precipitation and light show different degrees of influence on the layout of vegetable production. The level of urbanization and transportation conditions have a negative impact on the layout of production in the region. Market demand has a positive spillover effect on the layout of local vegetable production, while it has a negative spillover effect on other regions. Technological progress shows positive spillover effects on the layout of vegetable production in the region and other regions. Financial support policy also shows positive effects from an overall perspective.
Combining Flood Risk Mitigation and Carbon Sequestration to Optimize Sustainable Land Management Schemes: Experiences from the Middle-Section of Hungary’s Tisza River
Authors: Ungvári Gábor
Published: June 2022

The record floods experienced along the Tisza River between 1998 and 2001 brought a paradigm shift in infrastructural solutions for flood protection. A flood peak polder system was built for transient water storage without any substantial change in land use in the polders, despite the potential to do so under the new scheme. The recent improvement of quantified flood risk assessment methodologies and stronger foundations for the valuation of carbon sequestration benefits now provide more information on the magnitude of missed opportunities and the potential for comprehensive land use and flood risk management solutions. This paper evaluates and combines the results of three cost-benefit type analyses on the conflicting relations of pursuing flood risk mitigation and land management goals. Although the studies were conducted at different locations of the same river stretch, they are all inspected using the same flood waves. Results assert that as EU-CAP agricultural subsidies stabilize individual benefits from arable land use in the short-run, public benefits and long-term individual benefits fail to reach their potential value. The combined analysis of flood risk change and CO2 sequestration provides the economic rationale for the ecological revitalization along rivers with flood peak polders, helping to solve the conflict between hydrological and ecological objectives in floodplains. Capitalizing the value of the community benefits of forests in terms of CO2 sequestration is limited by the unresolved property rights allocation of this natural capacity between landowners and the state, the latter being responsible for fulfilling international CO2 reduction agreements; this uncertain legal background is an obstacle to the creation of sustainable economic conditions for the development and expansion of beneficial land management processes along rivers.
Water Conservancy System and Urban Layout of Yinxu, the Capital City of Shang: A GIS Approach
Authors: Wang Yin , Qin Zhen , Hou Weidong , Storozum Michael
Published: June 2022

Archaeological work began in 1928 at Yinxu (also known as Yin Ruins), the site of the capital of the late Shang Dynasty, and the continuous excavations have yielded the discovery of numerous remains and relics. The late Shang Dynasty was the zenith of China’s Bronze Age, and research on various aspects of Yinxu has gained attention among Chinese and international archaeologists. The layout of Yinxu, especially the water conservancy systems, has become a popular subject of research in recent years. Nevertheless, quantitative research is lacking in the existing literature. Using geographic information systems (GIS) allows such research to be carried out. This study used the hydrology and density analysis modules of ArcGIS software to study the water system and urban layout of Yinxu quantitatively. The results show that the water conservancy system altered the surface runoff pattern of the city and effectively harnessed limited local water resources. The system, centered on artificial channels, was built during the Second Phase of Yinxu, largely because of climate change and the city’s expansion. Its construction, in turn, profoundly affected the layout of the city. Dwellings and handicraft workshops clustered around areas with abundant water resources; together with the Huan River, the large-scale water conservancy facilities acted as partitions that practically isolated the “central zone”, creating a wall-less defense system that differs from other capital cities in the Bronze Age of China.
Recent Advances in Metal-Based Nanoparticle-Mediated Biological Effects in Arabidopsis thaliana: A Mini Review
Authors: Geng Min , Li Linlin , Ai Mingjun , Jin Jun , Hu Die , Song Kai
Published: June 2022

The widespread application of metal-based nanoparticles (MNPs) has prompted great interest in nano-biosafety. Consequently, as more and more MNPs are released into the environment and eventually sink into the soil, plants, as an essential component of the ecosystem, are at greater risk of exposure and response to these MNPs. Therefore, to understand the potential impact of nanoparticles on the environment, their effects should be thoroughly investigated. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana L.) is an ideal model plant for studying the impact of environmental stress on plants’ growth and development because the ways in which Arabidopsis adapt to these stresses resemble those of many plants, and therefore, conclusions obtained from these scientific studies have often been used as the universal reference for other plants. This study reviewed the main findings of present-day interactions between MNPs and Arabidopsis thaliana from plant internalization to phytotoxic effects to reveal the mechanisms by which nanomaterials affect plant growth and development. We also analyzed the remaining unsolved problems in this field and provide a perspective for future research directions.
Phase Change Material (PCM) Composite Supported by 3D Cross-Linked Porous Graphene Aerogel
Authors: Yu Chengbin , Song Young Seok
Published: June 2022

Integration of form-stable phase change material (PCM) composites with a pyro system can provide sufficient electrical energy during the light-on/off process. In this work, modified 3D porous graphene aerogel is utilized as a reliable supporting material to effectively reduce volume shrinkage during the infiltration process. Poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF) is used for a transparent pyro film in the pyro system. The temperature fluctuation gives rise to a noise effect that restricts the generation of energy harvesting. The cross-linked graphene aerogel consisting of PCM composites can stabilize the temperature fluctuation in both melting and cooling processes. This shows that PCM composites can be applied to the pyro system under the change of the external environment. To evaluate the experimental results, a numerical simulation was conducted by using the finite element method (FEM).
Alternative Materials from Agro-Industry for Wood Panel Manufacturing—A Review
Authors: Neitzel Nicolas , Hosseinpourpia Reza , Walther Thomas , Adamopoulos Stergios
Published: June 2022

The growing demand for wood-based panels for buildings and furniture and the increasing worldwide concern for reducing the pressure on forest resources require alternatives to wood raw materials. The agricultural industry not only can provide raw materials from non-wood plants but also numerous residues and side streams. This review supplies an overview of the availability, chemical composition, and fiber characteristics of non-wood lignocellulosic materials and agricultural residues, i.e., grow care residues, harvest residues, and process residues, and their relevance for use in wood panel manufacturing. During the crop harvest, there are millions of tons of residues in the form of stalks, among other things. Usually, these are only available seasonally without using storage capacity. Process residues, on the other hand, can be taken from ongoing production and processed further. Fiber characteristics and chemical composition affect the panel properties. Alternatives to wood with long fibers and high cellulose content offer sufficient mechanical strength in different panel types. In general, the addition of wood substitutes up to approximately 30% provides panels with the required strength properties. However, other parameters must be considered, such as pressing temperature, adhesive type, press levels, and pretreatments of the raw material. The search for new raw materials for wood panels should focus on availability throughout the year, the corresponding chemical requirements and market competition. Panel type and production process can be adapted to different raw materials to fit niche products.
MXene Quantum Dot/Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework Nanocarriers for Dual Stimulus Triggered Tumor Chemo-Phototherapy
Authors: Feng Xin , Li Mingjun , Wang Jianming , Zou Xianrui , Wang Hongshui , Wang Donghui , Zhou Huan , Yang Lei , Gao Wei , Liang Chunyong
Published: June 2022

It is critical to construct stimuli-responsive multifunctional nanoparticles for the drug delivery system for cancer treatment. Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) has a large specific surface area and decomposes quickly under acidic conditions, which presents an excellent potential in pH-sensitive drug carriers. However, the mere chemotherapeutic drug loaded into ZIF-8 is a monotherapy and may restrict the therapeutic efficacy of malignancies. In this work, an effective nanoparticle-based delivery platform is established to simultaneously encapsulate doxorubicin (DOX) and MXene quantum dot (MQD) in ZIF-8 nanoparticles (MQD@ZIF-8/DOX). Under near-infrared (NIR) laser (808 nm) and UV light (365 nm) irradiation, MQD@ZIF-8 demonstrates a high photothermal conversion efficiency and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which shows excellent photothermal therapy and photodynamic therapy effects. Furthermore, the release of DOX-loaded into MQD@ZIF-8 nanoparticles is significantly increased under NIR laser irradiation and at pH 5.6, indicating that acidic conditions and NIR laser irradiation can be effectively combined to stimulate the drug release. The cellular experiments show that MQD@ZIF-8/DOX has an obvious killing effect on HeLa cells and achieves the combined anti-tumor effect of chemotherapy and phototherapy.
Influence of Cross-Section Shape and FRP Reinforcement Layout on Shear Capacity of Strengthened RC Beams
Authors: Ahmed Muhammad , Colajanni Piero , Pagnotta Salvatore
Published: June 2022

The evaluation of the shear capacity of an FRP-strengthened reinforced-concrete beam is challenging due to the complex interaction between different contributions provided by the concrete, steel stirrup and FRP reinforcement. The shape of the beam and the FRP inclination can have paramount importance that is not often recognized by the models that are suggested by codes. The interaction among different resisting mechanisms has a significant effect on the shear capacity of beams, since it can cause a reduction in the efficiency of some resisting mechanisms. A comparative study of the performance in the shear resistance assessment provided by three models with six different effectiveness factors (R) is performed, considering different cross-section shapes, FRP wrapping schemes, inclination and anchorage systems. The results revealed that the cross-section shape, the FRP inclination and the efficiency of the FRP anchorages have a significant effect on the shear strength of beams. The analysis results show that the three models are able to provide an accurate average estimation of shear strength (but with a coefficient of variation up to 0.35) when FRP reinforcement orthogonal to the beam axis is considered, while a significant underestimation (up to 19%) affected the results for inclined FRP reinforcement. Moreover, all the models underestimated the resistance of beams with a T section.
An Efficient Method for the Intermodal Four-Wave Mixing Process
Authors: Kwaśny Michał , Mergo Paweł , Napierała Marek , Markiewicz Krzysztof , Laudyn Urszula A.
Published: June 2022

We demonstrate a partially degenerated intermodal four-wave mixing (FWM) process realized in a few-mode nonlinear optical fiber, leading to the effective generation of visible red and blue light from 532 nm sub-nanosecond pulses. We present a self-seeded FWM configuration with a signal beam obtained in the additional section of the same type of fiber that ensures perfect matching between the seed and the Stokes beams. Over 40% of the wavelength conversion efficiency in the FWM process was obtained using a fiber length shorter than 1 m.
Comparative Analysis of Ultrasonic NDT Techniques for the Detection and Characterisation of Hydrogen-Induced Cracking
Authors: Kažys Rymantas J. , Mažeika Liudas , Samaitis Vykintas , Šliteris Reimondas , Merck Peter , Viliūnas Žydrius
Published: June 2022

The article is devoted to the investigation of ultrasonic inspection techniques suitable for detecting hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC) and a high-temperature hydrogen attack (HTHA), which are of great importance in petrochemical and refinery industries. Four techniques were investigated: total focusing method (TFM), advanced velocity ratio (AVR) measurement, advanced ultrasonic backscatter technique (AUBT) and time of flight diffraction method using ultra low angle ultrasonic transducers (TULA). The experimental investigation has been carried out on two carbon steel samples cut off from a heat exchanger of an oil refinery and potentially affected by HIC. It was shown that the AVR technique did not reveal any damage and was not effective in the case of the investigated samples due to a thin damage zone with respect to the total thickness of the samples. The AUBT method enabled us to indicate and classify the presence of the hydrogen-induced damage; however, it is complicated to use in practise due to the need perform measurements exactly at the same position using two transducers of different frequencies. The method is more suitable for the verification of damage at a particular position, rather than for scanning. Both other methods—TFM and TULA—enabled us to identify the presence of HIC in large areas of samples. The obtained results have been verified using a metallographic analysis of the section cut from the side of the sample. The results of metallographic examinations have been compared with indications observed using above mentioned techniques and a good correspondence was obtained. It was demonstrated, that the TFM method can detect cracks with dimensions close to 200 µm, while larger cracks of 2 mm were observed very evidently using a 7.5 MHz phased array. Overall, the results suggested that the TULA method is the most suitable method for the primary detection of hydrogen-induced cracking, while the TFM is recommended for the precise assessment of the extent of the detected cracking.
A Simple Replica Method as the Way to Obtain a Morphologically and Mechanically Bone-like Iron-Based Biodegradable Material
Authors: Grodzicka Marlena , Gąsior Gabriela , Wiśniewski Marek , Bartmański Michał , Radtke Aleksandra
Published: June 2022

Porous iron-based scaffolds were prepared by the simple replica method using polyurethane foam as a template and applying the sintering process in a tube furnace. Their surface morphology was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and phase homogeneity was confirmed using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Corrosion behavior was determined using immersion and potentiodynamic polarization methods in phosphate buffered saline (PBS). The surface energy was calculated by studying the changes of enthalpy of calorimetric immersion. A preliminary biological test was also carried out and was done using the albumin adsorption procedure. Results of our work showed that in using the simple replica method it is possible to obtain iron biomaterial with morphology and mechanical properties almost identical to bones, and possessing adequate wettability, which gives the potential to use this material as biomaterial for scaffolds in orthopedics.
Network Structure and Properties of Lithium Aluminosilicate Glass
Authors: Huang Shoujia , Wang Wenzhi , Jiang Hong , Zhao Huifeng , Ma Yanping
Published: June 2022

Based on lithium aluminosilicate glass, the composition of glass was optimized by replacing SiO2 with B2O3, and the influence of glass composition on structure and performance was studied. With the increase in B2O3 concentrations from 0 to 6.5 mol%, Al2O3 always existed in the form of four-coordinated [AlO4] in the network structure, and B2O3 mainly entered the network in the form of four-coordinated [BO4]. The content of Si-O-Si linkages (Q4(0Al)) was always dominant. The incorporation of boron oxide improved the overall degree of polymerization and connectivity of the lithium aluminosilicate glass network structure. An increase in the degree of network polymerization led to a decrease in the thermal expansion coefficient of the glass and an increase in Vickers hardness and density. The durability of the glass in hydrofluoric acid and NaOH and KOH solutions was enhanced overall.
Denouement of the Energy-Amplitude and Size-Amplitude Enigma for Acoustic-Emission Investigations of Materials
Authors: Kamel Sarah M. , Samy Nora M. , Tóth László Z. , Daróczi Lajos , Beke Dezső L.
Published: June 2022

There are many systems producing crackling noise (avalanches) in materials. Temporal shapes of avalanches, U(t) (U is the detected voltage signal, t is the time), have self-similar behaviour and the normalized U(t) function (e.g., dividing both the values of U and t by S1/2, where S is the avalanche area), averaged for fixed S, should be the same, independently of the type of materials or avalanche mechanisms. However, there are experimental evidences that the temporal shapes of avalanches do not scale completely in a universal way. The self-similarity also leads to universal power-law-scaling relations, e.g., between the energy, E, and the peak amplitude, Am, or between S and Am. There are well-known enigmas, where the above exponents in acoustic emission measurements are rather close to 2 and 1, respectively, instead of E~Am3 and S~Am2, obtained from the mean field theory, MFT. We show, using a theoretically predicted averaged function for the fixed avalanche area, U(t)=atexp(−bt2) (where a and b are non-universal, material-dependent constants), that the scaling exponents can be different from the MFT values. Normalizing U by Am and t by tm (the time belonging to the Am: rise time), we obtain tm~Am1−φ (the MFT values can be obtained only if φ would be zero). Here, φ is expected to be material-independent and to be the same for the same mechanism. Using experimental results on martensitic transformations in two different shape-memory single-crystals, φ = 0.8 ± 0.1 was obtained (φ is the same for both alloys). Thus, dividing U by Am as well as t by Am1−φ (~tm) leads to the same common, normalized temporal shape for different, fixed values of S. This normalization can also be used in general for other experimental results (not only for acoustic emission), which provide information about jerky noises in materials.
An Energy-Based Method for Lifetime Assessment on High-Strength-Steel Welded Joints under Different Pre-Strain Levels
Authors: Mi Chengji , Huang Zhonglin , Wang Haibo , Zhang Dong , Xiong Tao , Jian Haigen , Tang Jiachang , Yu Jianwu
Published: June 2022

Pre-loading on engineering materials or structures may produce pre-strain, especially plastic strain, which would change the fatigue failure mechanism during their service time. In this paper, an energy-based method for fatigue life prediction on high-strength-steel welded joints under different pre-strain levels was presented. Tensile pre-strain at three pre-strain levels of 0.2%, 0.35% and 0.5% was performed on the specimens of the material Q345, and the cyclic stress and strain responses with pre-loading were compared with those without pre-loading at the same strain level. The experimental work showed that the plastic strain energy density of pre-strained welded joints was enlarged, while the elastic strain energy density of pre-strained welded joints was reduced. Then, based on the strain energy density method, a fatigue life estimation model of the high-strength-steel welded joints in consideration of pre-straining was proposed. The predicted results agreed well with the test data. Finally, the validity of the developed model was verified by the experimental data from TWIP steel Fe-18 Mn and complex-phase steel CP800.
TiO2/Karaya Composite for Photoinactivation of Bacteria
Authors: Lopes Anderson C. B. , Araújo Francisca P. , Morais Alan I. S. , de Lima Idglan S. , Honório Luzia M. Castro , Almeida Luciano C. , Peña Garcia Ramón , Silva-Filho Edson C. , Furtini Marcelo B. , Osajima Josy A.
Published: June 2022

TiO2/Karaya composite was synthesized by the sol-gel method for the photoinactivation of pathogens. This is the first time that we have reported this composite for an antimicrobial approach. The structure, morphology, and optical properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-rays (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and diffuse reflectance, and the surface area was characterized by the BET method. The XRD and EDS results showed that the TiO2/Karaya composite was successfully stabilized by the crystal structure and pore diameter distribution, indicating a composite of mesoporous nature. Furthermore, antibacterial experiments showed that the TiO2/Karaya composite under light was able to photoinactivate bacteria. Therefore, the composite is a promising candidate for inhibiting the growth of bacteria.
Magnetoacoustic Wave Scattering and Dynamic Stress Concentration around the Elliptical Opening in Exponential-Gradient Piezomagnetic Materials
Authors: Wang Zhiwen , Zhou Chuanping , Zhang Xueting , Han Xiao , Bao Junqi , Chen Lingkun , Wang Maofa , Gong Yongping , Zhou Weihua
Published: June 2022

Based on the theory of magnetoacoustic coupled dynamics, the purpose of this paper is to evaluate the dynamic stress concentration near an elliptical opening in exponential-gradient piezomagnetic materials under the action of antiplane shear waves. By the wave function expansion, the solutions for the acoustic wave fields and magnetic fields can be obtained. Stress analysis is performed by the complex function method and the conformal mapping method, which are used to solve the boundary conditions problem, and is used to express the dynamic stress concentration coefficient (DSCC) theoretically. As cases, numerical results of DSCCs are plotted and discussed with different incident wave numbers and material parameters by numerical simulation. Compared with circular openings, elliptical openings are widely used in material processing techniques and are more difficult to solve. Numerical results show that the dynamic stress concentration coefficient at the elliptical opening is strongly dependent on various parameters, which indicates that the elliptical opening is more likely to cause crack and damage to exponential-gradient piezomagnetic materials.
Effect of Using Steel Bar Reinforcement on Concrete Quality by Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Measurements
Authors: Nanayakkara Ominda , Najm Hadee Mohammed , Sabri Mohanad Muayad Sabri
Published: June 2022

Non-destructive tests (NDTs) represent one of the solutions that aid engineers in evaluating the strength of materials. However, the results obtained using such tests are still questionable as they may be affected by different factors. One of these factors is the presence of steel reinforcement in concrete. An experimental investigation is presented in this study to investigate the effect of the single reinforcement steel bar on ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV). Seven concrete beams, one containing no steel and the other six beams containing varying bar diameter and cover thicknesses, were tested. UPV measurements were obtained using the indirect method and then modified to eliminate the effect of the steel bar. To provide the scientific evidence to give a reliable and reasonable solution, a statistical analysis was also conducted. The results show that a large bar diameter and a small cover thickness significantly influence the measured UPV. Measured UPV with a spacing between transducers up to 500 mm can effectively be used to predict the compressive strength of concrete after the modification of the initial UPV.
Therapeutic Intervention with Dietary Chitosan Nanoparticles Alleviates Fish Pathological and Molecular Systemic Inflammatory Responses against Infections
Authors: Saleh Mona , Essawy Ehab , Shaalan Mohamed , Osman Shaaban , Ahmed Fatma , El-Matbouli Mansour
Published: June 2022

Marine bio-sourced chitosan nanoparticles (CSNP) are antimicrobial and immunomodulatory agents beneficial for fish medicine. Herein, dietary CSNP was investigated for the amelioration of the systemic inflammatory responses of an induced fish model. One hundred and forty-four rainbow trout were assigned to one pathogen-free and non-supplemented group (negative control), and three challenged groups: non-supplemented (positive control), CSNP-preventive, and CSNP-therapeutic. After a feeding experiment extended for 21 days, the organosomatic indices (OSI) and molecular aspects were assessed. After a challenge experiment extended for further 28 days, CSNP-therapeutic intervention was assessed on fish survival and systemic inflammatory responses on pathology, histo-morphology, and molecular aspects. With CSNP administration, OSI nonsignificantly decreased and the relative expression of targeted inflammatory-mediator genes was significantly increased. The CSNP-therapeutic fish showed an RPS of 80% as compared to the positive control group, and CSNP-therapeutic administration retained the highest gene expression augmentation up to 28 days after the challenge. Notably, the splenic reticulin fibers framework of the CSNP-therapeutic group retained the highest integrity among the groups during the infection. After recovery, reticulin fibers density in the CSNP-therapeutic samples was significantly higher than in the negative control group, which indicates high innate immunity. Thus, CSNP showed promising biotherapeutic features enhancing fish resistance against infections.
Comparative Study of the Pharmacological Properties of Luteolin and Its 7,3′-Disulfate
Authors: Kozlovskaya Emma P. , Popov Aleksandr M. , Styshova Olga N. , Vakhrushev Aleksey I. , Rutckova Tatyana A. , Podvolotskaya Anna B. , Tekutyeva Ludmila A.
Published: June 2022

The global spread of the metabolic syndrome, oncological and viral diseases forces researchers to pay increased attention to the secondary metabolites of marine hydrobionts, which often have a high therapeutic potential in the treatment of these pathologies and are effective components of functional food. The flavone luteolin (LT), as one of the most widely distributed and studied plant metabolites, is distinguished by a diverse spectrum of biological activity and a pleiotropic nature of the mechanism of action at the molecular, cellular and organismal levels. However, there is still practically no information on the spectrum of biological activity of its sulfated derivatives, which are widely represented in seagrasses of the genus Zostera. In the present work, a comparative study of the pharmacological properties of LT and its 7,3′-disulfate was carried out with a brief analysis of the special role of sulfation in the pharmacological activity of flavonoids.
New Perspectives in Therapeutic Vaccines for HPV: A Critical Review
Authors: Gardella Barbara , Gritti Andrea , Soleymaninejadian Ehsan , Pasquali Marianna , Riemma Gaetano , La Verde Marco , Schettino Maria , Fortunato Nicola , Torella Marco , Dominoni Mattia
Published: June 2022

Human Papillomavirus is the main cause of cervical cancer, including squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx, anus, rectum, penis, vagina, and vulva. In recent years, considerable effort has been made to control HPV-induced diseases using either prophylactic or therapeutic approaches. A critical review of the literature about the therapeutic Human Papillomavirus vaccine was performed to analyze its efficacy in the treatment of female lower genital tract lesions and its possible perspective application in clinical practice. The most important medical databases were consulted, and all papers published from 2000 until 2021 were considered. We retrieved a group of seven papers, reporting the role of anti HPV therapeutic vaccines against the L2 protein in the order of their efficacy and safety in female lower genital tract disease. In addition, the immune response due to vaccine administration was evaluated. The development of therapeutic vaccines represents an interesting challenge for the treatment of HPV infection of the lower genital tract. Literature data underline that the L2 protein may be an interesting and promising target in the development of therapeutic HPV vaccines, but the possible strengths and the unclear longevity of L2 immune responses are factors to be considered before clinical use.
Desalination of Neutral Amino Acid Solutions in an Electromembrane System
Authors: Eliseeva Tatiana , Kharina Anastasiia
Published: June 2022

This article’s main focus is to highlight significant aspects of amino acid solution demineralization. The main part of the amino acid production method requires the provision of downstream treatment solutions for the process of desalination. Electrodialysis (ED) and electrodeionization (EDI) are prospective technologies for such treatment. The article presents a brief review of the first studies and current research on electromembrane desalination of amino acid solutions as well as the analysis of some electrochemical features for the mineral salt–amino acid system (model solution) in an ED process based on the experimental results. The influence of various factors on the desalination of neutral amino acid-containing solutions and on target product losses in this process is estimated. The behavior of aliphatic (alanine) and aromatic (phenylalanine) amino acids in the electromembrane system is considered in mixed solutions with inorganic electrolytes. The influence of various mineral cations (Na+, K+ and NH4+) and anions (NO3−, SO42−, Cl−) on the features of the transport and current–voltage characteristics of ion-exchange membranes in the electrodialysis of phenylalanine- and alanine-containing solutions is considered. A comparative analysis of the desalination parameters of AA solutions in electrodialysis with the following pairs of heterogeneous MA-41/MK-40, MA-40/MK-40 and homogeneous AMT/CMT membranes is carried out. The minimum amount of amino acid loss along with rather high values of the degree of desalination are revealed in electrodialysis with polypropylene spacers in comparison with EDI, ED with a copolymer of styrene and divinylbenzene as spacer, as well as ED with a smooth deionization channel. At the same time, EDI is the most promising method to reach the highest desalination degree in the considered range of mineral salt content.
Use of the Dispersion Coefficient as the Sole Structural Parameter to Model Membrane Chromatography
Authors: Lalli Eleonora , Sarti Giulio C. , Boi Cristiana
Published: June 2022

The characterization and modelling of membrane chromatography processes require the axial dispersion coefficient as a relevant and effective intrinsic property of porous media, instead of arbitrary assumptions on pore size distribution. The dispersion coefficient can be easily measured by experiments completely independent of chromatographic tests. The paper presents the prediction of experimentally obtained breakthrough curves using B14-TRZ-Epoxy2 membranes as a test case; the mathematical model implemented is based on the use of the experimentally measured axial dispersion coefficient as an input parameter. Application of the model and its comparison with the data demonstrate that alternative ways of explaining the shape of breakthrough curves, based on unverified assumptions about the membrane pore size distribution, are not feasible and not effectively supported by experimental evidence. In contrast, the axial dispersion coefficient is the only measurable parameter that accounts for all the different contributions to the dispersion phenomenon that occurs in the membrane chromatography process, including the effects due to porous structure and pore size distribution. Therefore, mathematical models that rely on the mere assumption of pore size distribution, regardless of the role of the axial dispersion coefficient, are in fact arbitrary and ultimately misleading.
Recovery of Natural Polyphenols from Spinach and Orange By-Products by Pressure-Driven Membrane Processes
Authors: Montenegro-Landívar María Fernanda , Tapia-Quirós Paulina , Vecino Xanel , Reig Mónica , Granados Mercè , Farran Adriana , Cortina José Luis , Saurina Javier , Valderrama César
Published: June 2022

Spinach and orange by-products are well recognized for their health benefits due to the presence of natural polyphenols with antioxidant activity. Therefore, the demand to produce functional products containing polyphenols recovered from vegetables and fruits has increased in the last decade. This work aims to use the integrated membrane process for the recovery of polyphenols from spinach and orange wastes, implemented on a laboratory scale. The clarification (microfiltration and ultrafiltration, i.e., MF and UF), pre-concentration (nanofiltration, NF), and concentration (reverse osmosis, RO) of the spinach and orange extracts were performed using membrane technology. Membrane experiments were carried out by collecting 1 mL of the permeate stream after increasing the flow rate in 1 mL/min steps. The separation and concentration factors were determined by HPLC-DAD in terms of total polyphenol content and by polyphenol families: hydroxybenzoic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, and flavonoids. The results show that the transmembrane flux depended on the feed flow rate for MF, UF, NF, and RO techniques. For the spinach and orange matrices, MF (0.22 µm) could be used to remove suspended solids; UF membranes (30 kDa) for clarification; NF membranes (TFCS) to pre-concentrate; and RO membranes (XLE for spinach and BW30 for orange) to concentrate. A treatment sequence is proposed for the two extracts using a selective membrane train (UF, NF, and RO) to obtain polyphenol-rich streams for food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic applications, and also to recover clean water streams.