bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Fusarium Head Blight Resistance QTL Haplotypes Through Molecular Markers, Genotyping-by-Sequencing, and Machine Learning
Authors: Winn Zachary J , Lyerly Jeanette , Brown-Guedira Gina , Boyles Richard E. , Mergoum Mohamed , Johnson Jerry , Harrison Stephen , Babar Ali , Mason Richard E. , Sutton Russell , Murphy J. Paul
Published: February 2022

Breeders screen germplasm with molecular markers to identify and select individuals that have desirable haplotypes. The objective of this research was to investigate if QTL haplotypes can be accurately predicted using SNPs derived by genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). In the SunGrains program during 2020 (SG20) and 2021 (SG21), 2376 and 3423 lines submitted for GBS were genotyped for the Fusarium head blight QTL: Fhb1, Qfhb.vt-1B, Qfhb.nc-1A, and Qfhb.nc-4A. In parallel, data were compiled from the 2011-2019 Southern Uniform Winter Wheat Scab Nursery (SUWWSN), which had been screened for the same QTL, sequenced via GBS, and phenotyped for: severity (SEV), percent Fusarium damaged kernels (FDK), deoxynivalenol content (DON), plant height, and heading date. Three machine learning models were evaluated: random forest, k-nearest neighbors, and gradient boosting machine. Data were randomly partitioned into training-testing splits. The QTL haplotype and 100 most correlated GBS SNPs were used for training and tuning of each model. Trained machine learning models were used to predict QTL haplotypes in the testing partition of SG20, SG21, and the total SUWWSN. Observed and predicted QTL haplotypes effects were compared in the SUWWSN. For all models trained using the SG20 and SG21, the observed Fhb1 haplotype estimated effects for SEV, FDK, DON, plant height, and heading date in the SUWWSN were not significantly different from any of the predicted Fhb1 call effects. This indicated that machine learning may be utilized in breeding programs to accurately impute QTL haplotypes in earlier generations via a GBS and KASP genotyped training population.
Effects of the Media Conditioned by Various Macrophage Subtypes Derived from THP-1 Cells on Tunneling Nanotube Formation in Pancreatic Cancer Cells
Authors: Lee Chia-Wei , Kuo Chia-Chen , Liang Chi-Jung , Pan Huei-Jyuan , Shen Chia-Ning , Lee Chau-Hwang
Published: February 2022

Background
Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are special membrane structures for intercellular communications. Vital cargoes (such as mitochondria) could be delivered from healthy cells to rescue damaged ones through TNTs. The TNTs could be utilized for the purpose of systematic delivery of therapeutic agents between cells. However, there are insufficient studies on the controlled enhancement of TNT formations. The purpose of this study is to understand how macrophages influence the TNT formation in cancer cells.
Results
Here we compared the capabilities of inducing TNTs in human pancreatic cancer cells (PANC-1) of the media conditioned by M0, M1 and M2 macrophages derived from THP-1 cells. The M0 and M1 macrophage conditioned media promoted TNT formation. Using a focused ion beam to cut through a TNT, we observed tunnel-like structures inside dense cytoskeletons with scanning electron microscopy. The TNT formation correlated with raised motility, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition in the PANC-1 cells. Mitochondria and lysosomes were also found to be transported in the TNTs.
Conclusions
These results suggest the TNT formation could be one of the responses to the immune stress in pancreatic cancer cells caused by M0 and M1 macrophages. This finding is valuable for the development of macrophage-targeting cancer therapy.
Unravelling the Impact of Insecticide-treated Bed Nets on Childhood Malaria in Malawi
Authors: Tangena Julie-Anne A , Mategula Donnie , Sedda Luigi , Atkinson Peter M.
Published: February 2022

Background: To achieve malaria elimination it is essential to understand the impact of insecticide-treated net (ITNs) programmes. Here, the impact of ITN access and use on malaria prevalence in children in Malawi was investigated using Malaria Indicator Survey (MIS) data.Methods: MIS data from 2012, 2014 and 2017 were used to investigate the relationship between malaria prevalence in children (6 to 59 months) and ITN use. Generalised linear modelling (GLM), geostatistical mixed regression modelling and non-stationary GLM were undertaken to evaluate trends, spatial patterns and local dynamics, respectively.Results: Malaria prevalence in Malawi was 27.1 % (95% CI 23.1 -31.2 ) in 2012 and similar in both 2014 (32.1 %, 95%CI 25.5-38.7) and 2017 (23.9 %, 95%CI 20.3-27.4). ITN coverage and use increased during the same time period, with population access growing from 33.1 % (95%CI 29.8-36.4) of the population potentially sleeping under an ITN the previous night to 58.4 % (95%CI 56.2-60.6) and ITN use from 41.1 % (95% CI 37.3-44.9) of the population sleeping under an ITN the previous night to 57.4 % (95% CI 55.0-59.9). The behavioural gap disappeared while the ownership gap persisted. Both the geostatistical and non-stationary GLM regression models showed child malaria prevalence had a negative association with ITN population access and a positive association with ITN use. The non-stationary GLM highlighted the large variation in the relationship between childhood malaria and ITN use across the country. Conclusion: ITNs are effective in controlling childhood malaria in Malawi, although the impact was heterogeneous across the country. This study presents an important modelling approach that allows malaria control programs to spatially disentangle the impact of interventions on malaria cases.
Analyzing Integrated Network of Methylation and Gene Expression Profiles in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Heryanto Yusri Dwi , Katayama Kotoe , Imoto Seiya
Published: February 2022

Gene expression, DNA methylation, and their organizational relationships are commonly altered in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). To elucidate these complex interactions, we reconstructed a differentially expressed genes (DEGs) network and differentially methylated cytosine (DMCs) network by partial information decomposition and inverse correlation algorithm, respectively. Then, we performed graph union to integrate the networks. The community detection and enrichment analysis of the integrated network revealed the tight interaction between the gene sets of the cell cycle, keratinization, immune system, and xenobiotic metabolism in LUSC. The DMCs analysis showed that the hypomethylation targeted the gene sets that were responsible for cell cycle, keratinization, and NRF2 pathway. In other hand, hypermethylated genes affected the circulatory system development, immune system, extracellular matrix organization, and cilium organization. By centrality measurement, we detected NCAPG2, PSMG3, and FADD as hub genes which were highly connected to other nodes and might play important roles in LUSC gene dysregulation. We also found that the high betweenness centrality genes affect the patients' survival. These results showed the integrated network analysis enabled us to obtain the global view of the interactions and regulations in LUSC.
Commercial Determinants of Health Watch: a scoping review and pilot study for systematic monitoring of lobbying and political donations
Authors: Lacy-Nichols Jennifer , Johnson Maggie , Cullerton Katherine
Published: February 2022

Background
The commercial determinants of health include in a range of practices to promote business interests, often at the expense of public health. Political practices, such as lobbying and campaign donations, are used to influence policy makers and foster a political and regulatory environment conducive to business interests. Despite recognition of their public health importance, there are relatively few efforts to systematically monitor commercial political practices.
Methods
First, a rapid scoping review of the peer-reviewed and grey literature explored the public health research undertaken in Australia on lobbying and political contributions. Six databases, two Google Advanced searches and 12 Australian public health websites were searched. Second, a pilot study was conducted to develop mechanisms to monitor lobbying and political contribution activities for ‘harmful industries’ (alcohol, gambling, ultra-processed food and tobacco industries) in Australia. Two publicly available datasets were used: ministerial diaries for New South Wales and annual donor filings from the Australian Electoral Commission. Google Data Studio was used to analyse and visualise findings.
Results
The scoping review identified 1162 documents from the database searches and 19 documents from the grey literature for screening. 15 studies were included in the review, published between 2006 and 2020. Interviews were the most common data source; other sources included policy documents, lobbyist registers, ministerial diaries, company websites and social media. The pilot study found that between July 2014 and December 2020, NSW ministers had 20,607 meetings, of which 634 meetings were with harmful industries. And between 1998 and 2020, a total of $576,519,472 disclosed donations were made to political parties and other entities, of which $35,823,937 were from harmful industries.
Conclusions
Analysis of lobbying and political contributions in Australia is a nascent but expanding area of public health research, though there are few examples of systematic monitoring or empirical research. Opportunities to develop a program to monitor commercial political practices face several challenges including access barriers arising from poor availability and quality of data, technical barriers arising from the format of data disclosures and coding challenges arising from the diverse nature of the commercial sector.
Observation of short-term curative effect of femoral neck system for femoral neck fracture in adults
Authors: tian shoujin , ge jianfei , lin xiaolong , zhang wei , liu su , sheng xiaolei
Published: February 2022

Purpose
The femoral neck system is a potentially effective implant for treating femoral neck fractures, However, there are few studies on the postoperative outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate short-term curative effect of FNS for femoral neck fracture in adults.
Methods
We retrospectively collected data from 29 patients who underwent surgery treated with FNS in our hospital between June 2019 and November 2020. General data (such as age, gender, type of fracture, cause of injury) of all patients were collected, meanwhile, the operative time, intraoperative blood loss, number of fluoroscopies, time before surgery were recorded. hip function was evaluated using the Harris Hip Score (HHS) six months and one year after surgery. At last, we recorded complications, including femoral head necrosis, nonunion, and femoral neck shortening.
Results
All the patients completed at least 12 months(average 16.07 months) follow-ups, the quality of reduction were assessed: excellent in 9 patients, good in 16 patients and fair in four. The mean femoral neck shortening is 3.87mm,four patients achieved bone healing at two months demonstrated by radiograph. Nonunion occurred in one patient and osteonecrosis of the femoral head occurred in two.
Conclusion
In the short-term observation, satisfactory results showed in the treatment of femoral neck fractures in adults with FNS. Complications such as osteonecrosis of femoral head or nonunion were rare. Patients treated with FNS obtained good hip function recovery by early partial-weight bearing.
Metformin in the management of patients with diabetes and advanced heart failure (HFrEF): a propensity score-matched analysis
Authors: Benes Jan , Kotrc Martin , Kroupova Katerina , Wohlfahrt Peter , Kovar Jan , Franekova Janka , Hegarova Marketa , Hoskova Lenka , Hoskova Eva , Pelikanova Terezie , Jarolim Petr , Kautzner Josef , Melenovsky Vojtech
Published: February 2022

Background: The role of metformin (MET) in the treatment of patients with advanced HFrEF and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is not firmly established. We studied the impact of MET on metabolic profile, quality of life (QoL) and survival in these patients. Methods: A total of 847 stable patients with advanced HFrEF (57.4± 11.3 years, 67.7% NYHA III/IV, LVEF 23.6± 5.8%) underwent clinical and laboratory evaluation and were prospectively followed for a median of 1126 (IQRs 410; 1781) days for occurrence of death, urgent heart transplantation or mechanical circulatory support implantation. Results: A subgroup of 380 patients (44.9%) had DM, 87 of DM patients (22.9%) were treated with MET. Despite worse insulin sensitivity and more severe DM (higher BMI, HbA1c, worse insulin resistance), MET-treated patients exhibited lower BNP, higher eGFR, better LV and RV function, less mitral and tricuspid regurgitation, were using smaller doses of diuretics (all p< 0.05) and had better QoL (MLHFQ: 36 vs. 48 points, p= 0.002). Compared to diabetics treated with other glucose-lowering agents, MET-treated patients had better event-free survival even after adjustment for BNP, BMI and eGFR (p= 0.035). Propensity score-matched analysis with 17 covariates yielded 81 pairs of patients and showed a significantly better survival for MET-treated subgroup (p= 0.01).Conclusion: MET treatment in patients with advanced HFrEF and DM is associated with better quality of life and improved outcome, by mechanisms beyond the improvement of blood glucose control. MET should stay among frontline drugs for treatment of DM in patients with HFrEF.
Exigency of establishment of Skills University in Kalyana-Karnataka region of Karnataka state
Authors: Parveen Rubina
Published: February 2022

Skills University (SU) is crucial to improve the standard of living of youth by making them more employable in Kalyana-Karnataka (KK) region. Till now, very few research works have been conducted related to the establishment of SU in backward areas and very few SU exists pan India. The methodology is conceived by collecting primary inputs from the statistics available on the global open platforms and amount of practical knowledge acquisition is empirical. Analysis shows that there is exigency of SU in KK region to remove the perception of regional imbalance , avoid reluctance of youth to opt vocational education. Restructuring of youth thinking by removing inferior perception on skill education as compared to formal education. The study implies that after completion of this skill education in SU majority of the youth enhance their confidence level to start their own enterprise without depending on others/ to get jobs in local. 9. Conclusion Kalyana Karnataka (KK) region is on the way to eradicate regional imbalance by skilling its youth. Establishment of Skills University (SU) will empower youth of the KK region with skill sets which make them more employable and more productive
Cryptococcal osteomyelitis of the left acetabulum: A case report
Authors: Zhou Changning , Zhang Jing , Chen Yang , Ding Xing , Chen Fen , Feng Kai , Chen Kuntao
Published: February 2022

Background: Cryptococcus, as a classical “opportunistic” fungal pathogen, is capable of disseminating an invasive infection in immunocompromised hosts. The primary sites of infection include the respiratory and central nervous systems, and skeletal infection was rarely reported. In this case, we describe a case of cryptococcal osteomyelitis involving the left side of the acetabulum in a Chinese patient with chronic hepatitis B. Case presentation: We retrospectively reviewed the case of a female (with chronic hepatitis B) with left acetabulum pain and limited mobility, with fever occurring during the infection who presented to the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University. Upon imaging, we found osteolytic bone destruction in the left acetabulum with inflammatory changes in the surrounding bone and soft tissue, accompanied by abscess formation. Following an 11-month of antifungal therapy, the clinical symptoms improved and the lesion area reduced in size. In addition, there was no sign of recurrence.Conclusion: Cryptococcus infections should be considered in the differential diagnosis of infectious osteolytic bone lesions, particularly when patients with immune insufficiency. Pathological examinations and fungal cultures are essential to provide a differential diagnosis.
Atypical presentation of bilateral Epstein-Barr virus dacryoadenitis: A case report of corticosteroid resistant orbital inflammation
Authors: Sweeney Adam R. , Tan Charissa H. , Tauchi-Nishi Pamela S.
Published: February 2022

Epstein-Barr virus is a known cause of dacryoadenitis that is typically sensitive to corticosteroid treatment. When affecting the orbit, particularly the lacrimal gland, Epstein-Barr virus may cause chronic proptosis and a bilateral lacrimal mass effect. We provide a case of bilateral Epstein-Barr virus associated dacryoadenitis initially resistant to corticosteroid treatment requiring biopsy and confirmation by polymerase chain reaction of lacrimal tissue. Herein, we discuss the presentation with associated magnetic resonance imaging and histopathologic images, diagnostic dilemma, and treatment of an atypical case.
Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the uvea with a ciliochoroidal mass: a Case report of management with systemic therapy
Authors: Mahdizad Zahra , Riazi-Esfahani Hamid , Ebrahimiadib Nazanin , Amini Abdulrahim , Ghassemi Fariba
Published: February 2022

Background. This study aims to explore a case of choroidal Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) successfully treated with systemic corticosteroid and immunosuppressant. Case presentation. A 24-year-old man with known multisystem LCH developed loss of vision, ocular pain, conjunctival injection, panuveitis, and a ciliochoroidal mass. After receiving an intravenous methylprednisolone pulse, oral high-dose corticosteroids, and methotrexate, the mass resolved quickly and completely without flare-ups during 6 months of follow-up.Conclusions. Intraocular involvement of LCH is rare and can present with or without a history of multisystemic disease. The diagnosis is challenging and the standard treatment is not established. Systemic anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive therapy could be an effective treatment, as the LCH itself contains an essential element of inflammation and the symptoms may be mainly inflammatory.
Oxalate Nephropathy in a Patient with COVID-19- Infection: Causation or Association
Authors: Kannan Lakshmi , Raj Rishi , Abbasi Sheharyar , Jacob Aasems
Published: February 2022

The pandemic due to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-COV2) has led to significant morbidity and mortality over the last two years. Although lungs are the primarily involved organ with infection due to COVID-19, there have been rising rates of COVID-19 related kidney disease. Kidney injury among patients with COVID-19 can present in multiple ways, and different pathophysiologic mechanisms have been suggested. We describe a case of an elderly woman who developed acute kidney injury secondary to oxalate nephropathy in the setting of severe COVID-19 infection and needed hemodialysis. Our case illustrates that calcium oxalate crystal deposition in the kidney (oxalate nephropathy) could be one of the possible pathophysiologic mechanisms of renal dysfunction in the setting of COVID-19.
Headache in Hemangioblastomas : A Histopathology and Structural
Authors: AN Arabestani , A Ai , SS Naghibhi Irvani , M Mahmoodi , MT Chaboki
Published: February 2022

Hemangioblastoma (HBL) are rare, benign, s highly vascularized tumor of not well-defined histological origin. highly vascularized tumors that can be found throughout the neuraxis but are mainly located in the cerebellum and in the spinal cord. the most common primary tumor of the posterior fossa in adults. Hemangioblastomas may also occur within the spine. Single tumors may be sporadic, but multiple tumors are almost always associated with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease. Sporadic tumors appear in the fifth and sixth decades of life, whereas VHL-associated tumors are detected earlier, in the third and fourth decades. One-third of patients with cerebellar hemangioblastoma have VHL disease. Two-thirds of VHL patients develop hemangioblastomas; thus screening and surveillance programs are required for this population. This meta-analysis was performed to evaluate headache in Hemangioblastoma (HBL) tumors structurally and separately based on randomized controlled trial studies. Electronic databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library) were searched for randomized and controlled trial studies that searched for the results of treatment of brain tumors (Hemangioblastoma type) and headache in Hemangioblastoma (HBL) tumors. This meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager (RevMan) software (version 5.2) provided by Cochrane Collaboration. The data used were hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals calculated for time-to-event data extracted from survival curves and local tumor control rate curves. A consecutive series of patients with hemangioblastomas on between 1985 and 2010 by the senior author (A.AN) is Reviewed. The functional scale proposed by McCormick was used to evaluate the patients’ neurological status before and after surgery. Adequate knowledge for the treatment and correct use of microsurgical techniques allows complete resection of these tumors with minimal complications and maximum functional improvement. The result appears to be directly related to the preoperative condition.
Circadian Disruption Alters Gut Barrier Integrity via A ß-Catenin-MMP-Related Pathway
Authors: Eum Sung Yong , Schurhoff Nicolette , Wolff Gretchen , Toborek Michal
Published: February 2022

We evaluated the mechanistic link between circadian rhythms and gut barrier permeability. Mice were subjected to either constant 24-hour light (LL) or 12-hour light/dark cycles (LD). Mice housed in LL experienced a significant increase in gut barrier permeability that was associated with dysregulated ß-catenin expression and altered expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins. Silencing of ß-catenin resulted in disruption of barrier function in SW480 cells, with ß-catenin appearing to an upstream regulator of Bmal1 and Clock. In addition, ß-catenin silencing downregulated ZO-1 and occludin TJ proteins with only limited or no changes at their mRNA levels, suggesting post transcriptional regulation. Indeed, silencing of ß-catenin significantly upregulated expression of matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9, and blocking MMP-2/9 activity attenuated epithelial disruption induced by ß-catenin silencing. These results indicate the regulatory role of circadian disruption on gut barrier integrity and the associations between TJ proteins and circadian rhythms, while demonstrating the regulatory role of ß-catenin in this process.
The importance of sustained compliance with physical distancing during COVID-19 vaccination rollout
Authors: Teslya Alexandra , Rozhnova Ganna , Pham Thi Mui , Wees Daphne van , Nunner Hendrik , Godijk Noortje , Bootsma Martin , Kretzschmar Mirjam
Published: February 2022

Background: The increasing vaccination coverage against SARS-CoV-2 enabled relaxation of lockdowns in many countries. The public health authorities are seeking recommendations on the continuation of physical distancing measures during ongoing vaccination rollouts. Compliance with these measures is waning while more transmissible virus variants have emerged.

Methods: We used a SARS-CoV-2 transmission model to investigate the feedback between compliance, infection incidence, and vaccination coverage. We quantified our findings in terms of cumulative numbers of new infections three and six months after the start of vaccination.

Results: Our results suggest that the combination of fast waning compliance in non-vaccinated individuals, low compliance in vaccinated individuals, low vaccine efficacy against infection and more transmissible virus variants may result in a higher cumulative number of new infections than in a situation without vaccination. These adverse effects can be alleviated by deploying behavioural interventions that should preferably target both vaccinated and non-vaccinated individuals. The choice of the most appropriate intervention depends on vaccination rate and vaccine efficacy again infection.

Conclusion: Supplementary behavioural interventions aiming to boost compliance to physical distancing measures can improve the outcome of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination programmes, until vaccination coverage is suffciently high. For optimal results, these interventions should be selected based on the vaccine efficacy against infection and expected vaccination rate.
Development and Validation of A Practical Machine-Learning Triage Algorithm for The Detection of Patients in Need of Critical Care in The Emergency Department
Authors: Liu Yecheng , Gao Jiandong , Liu Jihai , Walline Joseph Harold , Liu Xiaoying , Zhang Ting , Wu Ji , Zhu Huadong , Zhu Weiguo
Published: February 2022

Background
One of the great challenges in the emergency department (ED) is to accurately differentiate critically ill from stable patients. Although there are many triage systems in the world, these all rely to varying degrees on the subjective judgment of triage officers, which may contribute to mis-triage errors. To accurately differentiate critically ill from stable patients, we present a machine learning system (MLS) that can provide a second opinion to ED triage officers to help recognize critically ill patients. The system also provides individual explanations, visible to triage officers, as to why a patient scored the way they did.
Methods
To derive the MLS, an existing dataset of 22,272 patient encounters from 2012 to 2019 from our institution’s electronic emergency triage system (EETS) was used for algorithm training. Once the MLS was derived, we conducted a prospective randomized cohort study of ED patients between March and April 2020. The mis-triage rate (defined as a patient initially triaged to a EETS level 3 or 4 acuity that was then up-triaged or taken to the resuscitation room) was calculated with and without the input of the MLS.
Results
The MLS system achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) value of 0.86 in a retrospective validation dataset of 2,000 cases. In the prospective cohort study, compared to the traditional triage system’s 1.2% mis-triage rate in the control group, the mis-triage rate in the MLS-assisted group was 0.9%.
Conclusion
This MLS method with a real-time practical explanation for triage officers was able to lower the mis-triage rate of ED patients in need of critical care.
Quantitative CT analysis to predict esophageal fistula in patients with advanced esophageal cancer treated by chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Sun Ying-Shi , Shi Yan-Jie , Liu Chang , Wei Yi-Yuan , Li Xiao-Ting , Tang Lei , Shen Lin , Lu Zhi-Hao
Published: February 2022

Background: Esophageal fistula is one of the most serious complications of chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for advanced esophageal cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of quantitative computed tomography (CT) analysis and to establish a practical imaging model for predicting esophageal fistula in esophageal cancer patients administered chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. Methods: This study retrospectively enrolled 204 esophageal cancer patients (54 patients with fistula, 150 patients without fistula) and all patients were allocated to the test and validation cohorts according to the time of inclusion in a 1:1 ratio. Ulcer depth, tumor thickness and length, and minimum and maximum enhanced values for esophageal cancer were measured in pretreatment CT imaging. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the associations of CT quantitative measurements with esophageal fistula. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was also used. Results: Logistic regression analysis showed that independent predictors of esophageal fistula included tumor thickness [odds ratio (OR)=1.167; p = 0.037], the ratio of ulcer depth to adjacent tumor thickness (OR=164.947; p < 0.001), and the ratio of minimum to maximum enhanced CT value (OR=0.006; p = 0.039) in the test cohort at baseline CT imaging. These predictors were used to establish a predictive model for predicting esophageal fistula, with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) of 0.946 and 0.841 in the test and validation groups, respectively. Conclusions: Quantitative pretreatment CT analysis has excellent performance for predicting fistula formation in esophageal cancer patients who treated by chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy.
A Preliminary Comparative Study of Prenatal Screening and Postpartum Anatomy Using a Novel Improved Cardiovascular Model Based on Literature Data
Authors: ANN PENG , WANG ZHONGQIU
Published: February 2022

Background: To study the molding method for twenty fetal complex cardiovascular malformation models (CCMM) and its significance in prenatal diagnosis and teaching.Methods: The modified vascular anatomical molding method was used to cast the micro blood vessels and trachea of twenty specimens diagnosed with complex congenital heart disease. Subsequently, twenty abnormal vascular models of the fetal aorta, pulmonary artery and other branches were analyzed and compared with the prenatal ultrasound to summarize their characteristics and misdiagnosis. Results: It was observed that all twenty cases of the fetuses were confirmed with complex cardiac malformations. A total of 69 cardiac malformations were recorded, among which 7 cases were misdiagnosed using prenatal echocardiography (including 3 cases of the interrupted aortic arch (IAA) and 3 cases of double outlet right ventricle (DORV) with transposition of the great arteries (TGA) confirmed by CCMM, case 5.12.14.15.16.17.18), and 18 were missed by prenatal echocardiography (including 5 cases of abnormal ductus arteriosus, 1 case of infrahepatic interruption of the inferior vena cava (IIVC), 1 case of the right aortic arch with mirror-image branching (RAMI), and 3 cases of aberrant subclavian artery (ASA), All cases except 5.8). Conclusion: There are many different kinds of abnormalities in the fetal aorta, pulmonary artery and other branches, which are often complicated with intracardiac malformation and arterial/venous branch variation. Prenatal echocardiography has important diagnostic value; a vascular model can directly show its characteristic changes, which is helpful to improve the differential diagnosis of complex congenital heart disease. Our findings prove that CCMM can play an important role in the clinics, scientific research, teaching, and popular cardiovascular science. Furthermore, it can promote the development of fetal cardiac surgery and the diagnosis with medical imaging and the teaching of medical theory.
‹Ich wurde auf einem Bild markiert, da war so ein Mädchen und die war nackt›
Authors: Kramer Michaela , Müller Jane , Thumel Mareike , Potzel Katrin
Published: February 2022

Für Jugendliche sind (digitale) Bilder omnipräsent. Dabei werden sie auch mit sexualisiertem visuellem Material konfrontiert, welches in besonderer Weise einen kompetenten, sicheren und selbstbestimmten Umgang erfordert. Der Beitrag geht vor diesem Hintergrund der Frage nach, wie Jugendliche diese Handlungszusammenhänge wahrnehmen und welche Faktoren zu einer souveränen Praxis im Zuge ihres Sozialisationsprozesses beitragen. Nach einer thematischen Hinführung zum Feld der medienpädagogischen Jugendforschung werden hierzu die Ansätze der visuellen Kompetenz und der Digitalen Souveränität erläutert. Anschliessend wird anhand empirischen Datenmaterials aus einer explorativen Gruppendiskussions-Studie mit 7- und 8-Klässlerinnen und -klässlern illustriert, dass eine theoretische Sensibilisierung in diese beiden Richtungen fruchtbar ist, um das jugendliche Agieren in visualisierten, sexualisierten und datafizierten Medienumgebungen zu verstehen. Das Potenzial der konzeptionellen Verknüpfung visueller Kompetenz und Digitaler Souveränität wird abschliessend reflektiert und hierbei für ein Theorieverständnis plädiert, das sowohl bildtheoretische Prämissen als auch die Relationalität der Theoriebildung integriert. Ziel des Beitrags ist, auf empirischer und theoretischer Ebene ein Verständnis für das Aufwachsen in einer tiefgreifend mediatisierten Gesellschaft zu entwickeln, wobei vor dem Hintergrund der beschriebenen Relevanzen der Umgang mit Visualität und Sexualität in Social-Media-Kontexten im Zentrum steht.
Modern Community Service: an Analogue of Soviet Labor Punishment or an Alternative to Imprisonment?
Authors: Sadchikova Dina
Published: February 2022

The contemporary Russian community service is a criminal punishment of a very contradictory nature. Therefore, its legal regulation requires special scientific attention in the historical context. This research featured a theoretical and legal understanding of the essence of modern community service through the prism of its Soviet prototypes. It involved comparative-legal, historical, and dialectical methods. The author performed a comparative analysis of community service, corrective labor, and probation in the USSR. The article gives a detailed description of criminal law regulation and a statistical analysis of community service at different stages of the Soviet Union. The Soviet legal reality appeared to have shaped the regulation, content, and procedure of community service in the USSR. The author proved the effect of the Soviet economic needs on this type of punishment. However, the contemporary Russian community service is rather unique and hardly inherited any features of its Soviet prototypes. The obtained conclusions can serve as foundation for further research on the theoretical concepts of community service.
Law-Making and Law Enforcement of Civil Rights and Freedoms: Constitutional and Legal Aspects
Authors: Sychev Semen
Published: February 2022

The author raises the question of improving the activities of public authorities that comply with the orders of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. The research featured various issues related to the implementation of constitutional justice and their possible solutions. The study revealed the following needs: 1) to adjust the Federal Constitutional Law on the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation to time-limits for State Duma draft laws; 2) to return the extraordinary adoption of bills in pursuance of decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation; 3) to develop a scheme for the practical enforcement of judicial acts; 4) to expand the functions of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation and its regional structural divisions by including normative legal acts of the subjects of the Russian Federation and acts of their constitutional and judicial review in the sphere of legal monitoring; 5) to develop a special system for informing about decisions taken by the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation to verify the laws of the subjects of the Russian Federation; 6) to improve criteria and procedures for recognizing regional normative legal acts as similar to provisions of law subjected to constitutional normative control; 7) to provide the Prosecutor's Office with powers to supervise the execution of decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation; 8) to amend the Constitution of the Russian Federation and indicate the authority of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation to determine the executive body; 9) to change the regulatory and legal regulation aimed at expanding the mandatory powers of the Commissioner for Human Rights in the Russian Federation; 10) to specify the term of political activity with its current broad interpretation. The article also contains some recommendations aimed at improving the legislative regulation in the sphere of protection of civil rights and freedoms in modern Russia.
A novel medium- and long-term runoff combined forecasting model based on different lag periods
Authors: Ai Ping , Song Yanhong , Xiong Chuansheng , Chen Binbin , Yue Zhaoxin
Published: February 2022

The accuracy of medium- and long-term runoff forecasting plays a signiﬁcant role in several applications involving the management of hydrological resources, such as power generation, water supply and ﬂood mitigation. Numerous studies that adopted combined forecasting models to enhance runoff forecasting accuracy have been proposed. Nevertheless, some models do not take into account the effects of different lag periods on the selection of input factors. Based on this, this paper proposed a novel medium- and long-term runoff combined forecasting model based on different lag periods. In this approach, the factors are initially selected by the time-delay correlation analysis method of different lag periods and further screened with stepwise regression analysis. Next, an extreme learning machine (ELM) is adopted to integrate each result obtained from the three single models, including multiple linear regression (MLR), feed-forward back propagation-neural network (FFBP-NN) and support vector regression (SVR), which is optimized by particle swarm optimization (PSO). To verify the effectiveness and versatility of the proposed combined model, the Lianghekou and Jinping hydrological stations from the Yalong River basin, China, are utilized as case studies. The experimental results indicate that compared with MLR, FFBP-NN, SVR and ridge regression (RR), the proposed combined model can better improve the accuracy of medium- and long-term runoff forecasting in the statistical indices of MAE, MAPE, RMSE, DC, U95 and reliability.
The role of ethnocultural aspect for the comparative analysis of language units
Authors: Grigorenko Marina Vasilevna
Published: February 2022

The article includes the results of ethnocultural analysis from the point of its transmission considering the semantic difference between the Russian and the English language.
Some approaches to solving the problems of teaching the disciplines of the natural science cycle and computer science in rural small schools
Authors: Anosov Yuriy Valentinovich , Razboeva aleksandrova Viktoriia Igorevna
Published: February 2022

The article deals with the problems and peculiarities of teaching science and IT in small rural schools. Moreover, it looks upon incomplete classes and forming shared classes filled with student of different levels of education. To underline the importance of the given problem the authors of the article pro-vide the readers with statistics of the percentage of rural schools and of num-ber of students studying there. The article also contains various solutions of the objective problem of teaching science and IT in such schools.
The effects of the music intervention on anxiety, pain, vital signs, and patient satisfaction in intravitreal injection: a randomized controlled study
Authors: HIZ Mustafa , CİĞERCİ Yeliz , DOĞAN Mustafa
Published: February 2022

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effects of music intervention applied in two different periods Before intravitreal injection (IVTI) on anxiety, pain perception, vital signs, andsatisfaction in patients receiving intravitreal injection..Methods: This randomized controlled study was conducted with a total of three groups including two music intervention groups (pre-IVTI (group 1) and during IVTI (group 2)) and acontrol group (Group 1 n= 73, Group 2 n = 74, Control Group n =72). The patients’ pain was evaluated with the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain, anxiety with the Visual Analog ScaleAnxiety (VAS-A), and satisfaction with the IVTI procedure with a 5-point Likert scale. Results: The anxiety and pain scores were lower in groups 1 and 2 than in the control group (p<0.001). All three groups had low pain levels when their VAS-Pain scores were compared immediately and 15 minutes after IVTI. Group 2 was found to have a significant difference between the two measurements (pb =0.009). Further, Groups 1 and 2 had significantly higher patient satisfaction with the IVTI procedure than the control group (p<0.001).Conclusion: The study results showed that music intervention has positive effects on anxiety, pain perception, and satisfaction in patients receiving IVTI therapy. As a result, we recommend the use of listening to music on patients before and during the IVTI procedure.
Ferroptosis Inhibitors as Potential New Therapeutic Targets for Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Farzipour Soghra , Shaghaghi Zahra , Motieian Shokouh , Alvandi Maryam , Yazdi Amirhossein , Asadzadeh Bahareh , Abbasi Sahar
Published: February 2022

Ferroptosis is a novel form of programmed cell death that occurs due to an increase in iron levels. Ferroptosis is implicated in a number of cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction (MI), reperfusion damage, and heart failure (HF). As cardiomyocyte depletion is the leading cause of patient morbidity and mortality, it is critical to thoroughly comprehend the regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis activation. In fact, inhibiting cardiac ferroptosis can be a useful therapeutic method for cardiovascular disorders. The iron, lipid, amino acid, and glutathione metabolisms strictly govern the beginning and execution of ferroptosis. Therefore, ferroptosis can be inhibited by iron chelators, free radical-trapping antioxidants, GPX4 (Glutathione Peroxidase 4) activators, and lipid peroxidation (LPO) inhibitors. However, the search for new molecular targets for ferroptosis is becoming increasingly important in cardiovascular disease research. In this review, we address the importance of ferroptosis in various cardiovascular illnesses, provide an update on current information regarding the molecular mechanisms that drive ferroptosis, and discuss the role of ferroptosis inhibitors in cardiovascular disease.
COVID-19 Pandemisi Süresince Filyasyonda Görevli Sağlık Çalışanlarının Anksiyete Düzeylerinin ve Uyku Kalitelerinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: AKTAN KİBAR Fulya , DEVRAN MUHARREMOĞLU Zeynep , OTURAK Gökhan , TUNALI ÇOKLUK Selin , GÜVEN Enes Ahmet , ONUR İsmail , ÖĞÜTLÜ Aziz
Published: February 2022

Giriş: Sağlık çalışanları COVID-19 pandemisi sırasında artan iş yükü, kendileri ve aileleri için hastalığın bulaşma korkuları, yeni ve sık değişen protokoller ve kişisel koruyucu ekipmanlarla çalışmak gibi çok çeşitli zorluklarla da karşı karşıyadır. Bu çalışmada, Sakarya’da COVID-19 pandemisi nedeniyle filyasyon çalışmalarını yürüten sağlık çalışanlarının, anksiyete düzeyleri ve uyku kaliteleri ile bunlarla ilişkili olabilecek faktörlerin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Kesitsel tipteki bu çalışmada, Sakarya’da 1-31 Temmuz 2020 tarihleri arasında COVID-19 pandemisi kapsamında filyasyonda aktif görev alan sağlık çalışanlarının tümüne ulaşılması planlanmıştır. Veriler, çevrimiçi anket formlarıyla gönüllülük esasına dayalı olarak toplanmıştır. Katılımcıların sosyodemografik özellikleri, anksiyete durumları ve uyku kaliteleri üç bölümden oluşan bir anket formu ile değerlendirilmiştir. Katılımcıların anksiyete düzeylerinin değerlendirilmesinde, Beck Anksiyete Ölçeği (BAÖ) ve uyku kalitelerinin değerlendirilmesinde, Pittsburgh Uyku Kalitesi İndeksi (PUKİ) kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Filyasyonda aktif görev alan 154 sağlık çalışanının 137’sine (%88,9) ulaşılmıştır. Çalışmaya katılan 137 sağlık çalışanından %83,9’u kadın, %16,1’i erkekti. Katılımcıların yaşlarının ortalaması 35,7±7,3 ve ortancası 34 (1. çeyreklik 29, 3. çeyreklik 42) yıldı. Mesleklerine göre değerlendirildiğinde %38,0’ı ebe, %17,5’i hemşire, %14,6’sı doktordu. Katılımcıların BAÖ puan ortalamaları 15,19±13,07 ve PUKİ puan ortalamaları 7,92±3,60 olarak saptanmıştır. BAÖ puanları değerlendirildiğinde; kadınlarda, boşanmış/eşi vefat etmiş olanlarda, kronik hastalığı olanlarda ve daha önce başka bir bulaşıcı hastalığın filyasyon çalışmasında görev alanlarda BAÖ puanı diğer gruplara göre anlamlı derecede yüksek bulunmuştur. Kadınlarda, kronik hastalığı olanlarda ve daha önce başka bir bulaşıcı hastalığın filyasyon çalışmasında görev alanlarda PUKİ puanı, diğer gruplara göre anlamlı derecede yüksek bulunmuştur. Günlük ortalama filyasyonda geçen süre ile BAÖ puanı arasında pozitif yönlü zayıf bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir (r=0,213 p=0,013). BAÖ puanı ile PUKİ puanı arasında pozitif yönlü orta düzeyde bir ilişki bulunmuştur (r=0,625 p<0,001). Sonuç: Sonuç olarak, Sakarya’da COVID-19 pandemisi nedeniyle, filyasyon ekibinde yer alan sağlık çalışanlarının bir bölümünün pandemi sırasında ruh sağlıklarının etkilendiği görülmektedir. Pandemi gibi olağanüstü durumlarda çalışmak zorunda olan sağlık çalışanlarının ruh sağlığını koruyacak ve iyileştirecek müdahalelerin gerekli olduğu düşünülmektedir.
COVID-19’un Gebelik, Doğum Öncesi Bakım ve Doğum Üzerindeki Etkileri
Authors: KAYA ŞENOL Derya , UÇAR Zübeyde
Published: February 2022

Giriş: Araştırma, COVID-19 pandemisinin gebelik, doğum öncesi bakım, doğum planlaması ve doğum sonrası sürece etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla gerçekleştirildi. Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı kesitsel özellikteki çalışma, Kasım-Aralık 2020'de web tabanlı çevrimiçi anket kullanılarak gerçekleştirildi. Araştırmanın evrenini Türkiye'nin güneyinde bir ilde devlet hastanesinden doğum öncesi bakım hizmeti alan ve doğuma hazırlık sınıflarına katılan ve gebeliğini ve doğum sürecini pandemi döneminde geçiren kadınlar oluşturmaktadır. Örnekleme ise araştırma kriterlerine uyan toplam 240 gebe dahil edildi. Veriler, araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen ilk bölümünde gebelerin sosyo-demografik ve obstetrik özellikleri, ikinci bölümde COVID-19 pandemisi sürecinde değişen sağlık alışkanlıkları, bilgi düzeyleri, temas durumları ve pandeminin doğum tercihleri ve postpartum sürece etkisine belirlemeye yönelik sorulardan oluşan anket formu kullanıldı. Bulgular: Çalışmada lohusaların %55,0’inin gebelikte bulaşma korkusu yaşadığı, %13,3’ünün COVID-19 tanısı aldığı, salgında kendini korunmak için en fazla maske kullanıldığı (%95,0) saptandı. Araştırmada kadınların %35,0’inin gebelik döneminde doğum öncesi bakımını ertelediği, %83,7’sinin normal doğum planlarken, sadece %45,0’inin normal doğum yaptığı, %90’0ı bebeği emziririken, %87,5’inin de doğum sonu bebeğe yapılan testleri için sağlık kuruluşuna başvurma konusunda bulaş riski açısından endişe yaşadıklarını belirtmişlerdir. Sonuç: COVID-19 pandemisi gebelik ve doğum sonu dönemde sağlık bakım hizmet alma sürecini olumsuz etkilemektedir. Gebe ve lohusaların pandemi sürecinde COVID-19 enfeksiyonu bulaşı korkusu konusunda bilgilendirilmesi yararlı olabilir.
Jonge stotterende kinderen: Klinisch redeneren met behulp van een praktijkgericht stroomschema
Authors: Tonnis Marlies , Van Ormondt Joeri
Published: February 2022

Bij jonge stotterende kinderen is er een specifieke periode van ongeveer twee jaar om het kind te helpen naar vloeiendheid. Na aanmelding moet worden ingeschat hoe groot de kans is op natuurlijk herstel en er dus niet direct behandeld hoeft te worden. Hier is een belangrijke rol weggelegd voor de logopedist. Op basis van wetenschap geeft de Richtlijn Stotteren (NVLF, 2020) handvatten. In dit artikel vertalen we dit naar de klinische praktijk. We focussen op een aantal therapiekeuzes en vooral op het afwegen van de risicofactoren voor blijvend stotteren en hoe de logopedist het traject van monitoren praktisch vorm kan geven.