bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identidades e interseccionalidades no afroempreendedorismo
Authors: Ribeiro Suzana Lopes Salgado , Paula Wellington Vicente de , Portugal Nilton dos Santos
Published: January 2025

O presente artigo tem o propósito de contribuir para a reconstituição das questões identitárias da população negra acerca do afroempreendedorismo, sobretudo no ensejo de institucionalizar cadeias produtivas sólidas, que possibilitem o acesso das gerações futuras às condições dignas de existência. O texto é excerto de trabalho de dissertação para o qual foram realizadas seis entrevistas, com afroempreendedores do ramo da estética. Os dois homens são barbeiros. As quatro mulheres desempenham funções diferentes, sendo uma cabeleireira, uma maquiadora e designer de sobrancelhas, uma trancista e uma designer de sobrancelhas e confeccionadora de perucas para mulheres negras. A variedade de funções escolhidas para entrevistas teve o intuito de abranger uma maior diversidade de experiências com a estética, principalmente negra. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida com o objetivo de compreender como aspectos do racismo influenciam na economia, no crescimento econômico e no desenvolvimento de afroempreendedores, de maneira a verificar a influência de fatores étnicos, de gênero e culturais para a diferenciação dos negócios perante os concorrentes. Esta pesquisa é de caráter exploratório e a partir dos resultados obtidos propõe que se construa novos pressupostos capazes de contribuírem com a resolução do desafio de se sustentar e evoluir um empreendimento em solo brasileiro.
A educação quilombola e a Dança da Suça no município Chapada da Natividade-TO
Authors: Menezes Roberta Tavares de Albuquerque , Coelho George Leonardo Seabra , Padovan Regina Célia
Published: January 2025

A Dança da Suça é uma manifestação cultural tradicional presente nas regiões dos estados de Goiás e Tocantins, sobretudo, nas comunidades quilombolas e tradicionais localizadas nas cidades de Natividade, Chapada da Natividade, Santa Rosa, Monte do Carmo, Almas e Dianópolis. Neste artigo enfatizamos a prática da suça no quilombo Chapada da Natividade, por representar uma região que, por dezessete anos, vivenciamos a docência e as tradições culturais presentes. O objetivo deste trabalho é evidenciar a relação entre a Dança da Suça e a Educação Quilombola, com ênfase nas leituras realizadas sobre memória e prática cultural. Começamos discutindo a contribuição da educação e seus fundamentos para o desenvolvimento humano e o vínculo com a Dança da Suça, a partir das interfaces com os estudos sobre a memória coletiva e a prática cultural, buscando os fundamentos em Maurice Halbwachs (1990) e outras leituras como elementos importantes sobre o estudo de comunidade quilombola e a preservação da memória. Por fim, examinamos as perspectivas da educação patrimonial com ênfase na Educação Histórica como subsídio na compreensão sobre a identidade e o desenvolvimento escolar e da comunidade, além das influências culturais que marcam suas memórias.
Securitização e dessecuritização da folha de coca na Amazônia Andina: as Nações Unidas (ONU) na Bolívia
Authors: Ludwig Fernando José , Rodrigues Allana Maria Silveira , Amorim Pablo Taube de
Published: January 2025

Este artigo explora o processo de securitização e dessecuritização da folha de coca na Amazônia boliviana, com foco na atuação da ONU, em particular do UNODC. A pesquisa analisa como a folha de coca, profundamente enraizada na cultura andina, foi transformada em uma questão de segurança internacional devido à sua associação com a produção de cocaína. O artigo utiliza a teoria da securitização da Escola de Copenhague para entender como a ONU posicionou a folha de coca como uma ameaça e as implicações disso para os países andinos. A metodologia adotada inclui uma revisão bibliográfica e um estudo de caso da Bolívia, com análise qualitativa de conteúdo. Os resultados indicam que, embora a folha de coca tenha sido historicamente securitizada, o monitoramento realizado pelo UNODC tem contribuído para a dessecuritização, ao fornecer dados que desconstroem sua imagem como uma ameaça global. O estudo conclui que, apesar dos avanços, o processo de dessecuritização ainda enfrenta desafios significativos, especialmente no contexto do tráfico de drogas na América do Sul.
Extended Reality (XR) for Authentic Learning: New Frontiers in Educational Technology
Authors: Lowell Victoria
Published: January 2025

Extended Reality (XR) technologies—encompassing Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), and Mixed Reality (MR)—are revolutionizing educational practices through their unique ability to create immersive, authentic learning experiences. This transformation aligns with core principles of situated cognition and legitimate peripheral participation. XR enables students to learn by doing in safe yet realistic environments where they can practice without real-world consequences. Through these technologies, learners can engage in experiences that would be impractical, impossible, or too costly to replicate in traditional educational settings. This special issue of the Journal of Applied Instructional Design (JAID) examines the critical intersection of XR technologies with authentic learning principles, addressing the widening gap between rapid technological advancement and established instructional design practices. The collection explores how XR can bridge theoretical knowledge and practical application across educational contexts by drawing together perspectives from educational technology researchers, learning scientists, and practitioners. The contributing authors investigate three interconnected themes: the design of XR environments to support authentic learning characteristics, the unique affordances of different XR modalities, and the practical implementation challenges in educational settings. Through empirical evidence, theoretical frameworks, and practical insights, they demonstrate how XR technologies facilitate progressive skill development, create unprecedented levels of immersion and presence, and enable previously impossible learning experiences while thoughtfully addressing critical challenges in accessibility, technical implementation, pedagogical frameworks, and ethical considerations.
Lietuvos jaunimo perėjimas iš švietimo sistemos į darbo rinką: teorinės prielaidos ir empiriniai radiniai
Authors: Brazienė Rūta , Merkys Gediminas
Published: January 2025

Šiame straipsnyje analizuojamas Lietuvos jaunimo perėjimas iš švietimo sistemos į darbo rinką. Straipsnio tikslas – pateikti jaunimo perėjimo iš švietimo sistemos į darbo rinką teorines prielaidas ir aptarti pagrindinius empirinius radinius. Teorinį tyrimo modelį sudaro daugelio mikro- (individualios charakteristikos) ir makrolygmens (struktūriniai, ekonominiai pokyčiai ir kt.) sociologinių, edukologinių, vadybinių ir ekonominių požiūrių sintezė bei nacionalinis jaunimo švietimo ir darbo rinkos politikos kontekstas. Straipsnyje pristatomi reprezentatyvios jaunimo (16–29 metų amžiaus) apklausos raštu duomenys Lietuvoje. Duomenų analizei buvo taikyti faktorinės, klasterinės analizės metodai, T testas ir kt. Tyrimo rezultatai atskleidė, kad sėkmingam jaunimo perėjimui iš švietimo sistemos į darbo rinką yra labai svarbi praktika (profesinės veiklos) studijų metu bei adaptacija pirmajame darbe.
Конституционный суд в механизме защиты нарушенных прав и свобод
Authors: Krylova Y.A.
Published: January 2025

Статья посвящена актуализации роли Конституционного суда в сфере защиты прав и законных интересов граждан. Автор рассуждает о месте Конституционного суда в механизме судебной защиты. Высказывает мнение о неполноте перечня судов, поименованных в гражданском законодательстве в качестве органов, осуществляющих защиту гражданских прав.
HISTORY OF PATENTING INVENTIONS IN THE REPUBLICAN SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CENTER «MOTHER AND CHILD» AND TOOLS OF MODERN PATENT LAW IN HEALTHCARE OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS (LITERATURE REVIEW)
Authors: MAKUSHINA N.V.
Published: January 2025

The article talks about the history of patent activity of the Republican Scientific and Practical Center «Mother and Child», about the participation in the inventive work of many of his famous scientific collaborators and doctors who worked at the end of the twentieth century. Information about the obtained copyright certificates and patents is provided, reflecting the main directions of scientific and clinical work over the years in accordance with current problems of demographic safety.
开元电子商务（深圳）有限公司第四期教育部供需对接就业育人项目申报指南
Authors: 开元电子商务（深圳）有限公司
Published: January 2025

在教育部指导下，开元电子商务（深圳）有限公司开展第四期教育部供需对接就业育人项目，旨在通过定向人才培养培训（10项）、就业实习基地（15项）、人力资源提升项目（10项），帮助用人单位培养和招聘更多实用型、复合型和紧缺型人才，推动高校人才培养与就业有机联动、人才供需有效对接，促进高校毕业生更加充分更高质量就业。第四期教育部供需对接就业育人项目申报日期为2024年7月至2025年7月，欢迎全国本科和高职院校教师通过教育部供需对接就业育人项目平台https://www.ncss.cn/jyyr/申报。
Under the guidance of the Ministry of Education, Kaiyuan E-Commerce (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. is implementing the fourth phase of the Ministry of Education's Supply-Demand Matching Employment-Education Integration Program. This initiative aims to support employers in cultivating and recruiting more practical, versatile, and in-demand talent through targeted training programs (10 projects), employment and internship bases (15 projects), and human resources enhancement projects (10 projects). The program seeks to foster an organic connection between university talent development and employment, effectively matching talent supply with demand, and promoting fuller and higher-quality employment for college graduates. The application period for the fourth phase of the Supply-Demand Matching Employment-Education Integration Program runs from July 2024 to July 2025. Teachers from undergraduate and vocational colleges nationwide are encouraged to apply through the program’s official platform: https://www.ncss.cn/jyyr/.
Analisis Pembelajaran Kurikulum Merdeka Dalam Perspektif Manajemen Kurikulum Pada Jenjang Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Abidah Faizah Reva , Nafi'ah Labibah Alfiatin , Siswanto Aulia Adyatma Robbi , Ayu Arinda Putri Naurha , Wulandari Ayu
Published: January 2025

The implementation of the Kurikulum Merdeka (Independent Curriculum) has not yet been optimized, with a notable gap in teachers' understanding of project-based curriculum enhancement. This study aims to analyze the implementation of Kurikulum Merdeka management at Wonomlati State Elementary School, examining teachers' comprehension and the impact of the curriculum on the quality of education at the school. The research adopts a qualitative approach with a descriptive method, utilizing data collection techniques such as school observations and interviews with the principal, teachers, and curriculum staff. The findings indicate that the implementation of the Kurikulum Merdeka has had a positive impact on student engagement in the learning process, including teaching methods, and has encouraged teachers' creativity in designing and delivering more engaging and student-centered learning experiences. However, the study also identifies several challenges, such as financial constraints that hinder the provision of adequate facilities and infrastructure, as well as limited parental involvement in supporting curriculum implementation. Based on these findings, the study recommends that the government provide more optimal support, including continuous teacher training and enhanced resources, to maximize the potential of the Kurikulum Merdeka. The results of this research are expected to contribute to the development of a more effective, efficient, and sustainable curriculum at Wonomlati State Elementary School and serve as a reference for other schools in implementing the Kurikulum Merdeka.
Udostępnianie wzorca umownego w elektronicznym obrocie konsumenckim z perspektywy prawa unijnego i orzecznictwa TS
Authors:   Wydział Prawa, Administracji i Stosunków Międzynarodowych, Krakowska Akademia im. A. F. Modrzewskiego, Kubiak-Cyrul Agnieszka
Published: January 2025

Prawie wszystkie umowy zawierane online w obrocie konsumenckim realizowane są przy wykorzystaniu wzorców umownych. Ten model adhezyjnych stosunków prawnych uznać należy obecnie za dominujący i trudno znaleźć dla niego efektywną na masową skalę alternatywę. Nie ma wątpliwości co do tego, że praktyki związane z posługiwaniem się wzorcami umownymi w obrocie elektronicznym będą utrwalane i rozbudowywane w związku z dynamicznym rozwojem technologii cyfrowej. Zawieranie umów z wykorzystaniem wzorców umownych wymaga jednak poszanowania istniejących regulacji mających służyć ochronie słabszych uczestników obrotu elektronicznego, czyli konsumentów. Celem tego opracowania jest przedstawienie problematyki wykorzystywania wzorca umownego w elektronicznym obrocie konsumenckim w kontekście istniejącego rozbudowanego obowiązku przedsiębiorcy udzielenia konsumentowi szeregu informacji przed zawarciem umowy, a następnie potwierdzenie jej treści na trwałym nośniku. Zagadnienie to omówione zostanie z perspektywy prawa unijnego oraz orzecznictwa Trybunału Sprawiedliwości. Obejmować ono będzie w szczególności rozważania dotyczące dopuszczalności uznania techniki click wrapping oraz strony internetowej za trwały nośnik w rozumieniu konsumenckiego prawa unijnego.
MftG is crucial for ethanol metabolism of mycobacteria by linking mycofactocin oxidation to respiration
Authors: Graça Ana Patrícia , Nikitushkin Vadim , Ellerhorst Mark , Vilhena Cláudia , Klassert Tilman E , Starick Andreas , Siemers Malte , Al-Jammal Walid K , Vilotijevic Ivan , Slevogt Hortense , Papenfort Kai , Lackner Gerald
Published: January 2025

Mycofactocin is a redox cofactor essential for the alcohol metabolism of mycobacteria.. While the biosynthesis of mycofactocin is well established, the gene
mftG
, which encodes an oxidoreductase of the glucose-methanol-choline superfamily, remained functionally uncharacterized. Here, we show that MftG enzymes are almost exclusively found in genomes containing mycofactocin biosynthetic genes and are present in 75% of organisms harboring these genes. Gene deletion experiments in
Mycolicibacterium smegmatis
demonstrated a growth defect of the Δ
mftG
mutant on ethanol as a carbon source, accompanied by an arrest of cell division reminiscent of mild starvation. Investigation of carbon and cofactor metabolism implied a defect in mycofactocin reoxidation. Cell-free enzyme assays and respirometry using isolated cell membranes indicated that MftG acts as a mycofactocin dehydrogenase shuttling electrons toward the respiratory chain. Transcriptomics studies also indicated remodeling of redox metabolism to compensate for a shortage of redox equivalents. In conclusion, this work closes an important knowledge gap concerning the mycofactocin system and adds a new pathway to the intricate web of redox reactions governing the metabolism of mycobacteria.
Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma Species among Women in Dakar
Authors: Ndoye Aissatou SOW , GUEYE Papa Aly Thiam , FAYE Cheikh , Lo Gora , NDIAYE Anna Julienne Selbe , DJITE Moustapha , CISSOKHO Coumba , BADJI Ousmane Demba , KEITA Boubacar , SECK Mame Cheikh
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Genital mycoplasmas, which cause infections of the lower reproductive tract in women, are a major cause of morbidity and complications. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of mycoplasma infections and the antibiotic susceptibility profile among women in Dakar.
Material and methods: We conducted a retrospective descriptive study over a four-year period, from 02 January 2018 to 31 December 2021. The study population consisted of women referred to the microbiology laboratory at Military Hospital of Ouakam for genital mycoplasma testing. The Mycoplasma IES kit was used for mycoplasma testing and susceptibility testing in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. 
Results: A total of 1431 patients were enrolled during the study period. The mean age was 32.6 ± 8.5 years. The overall prevalence of mycoplasma infection was 55.8% (798/1431). Of the 798 positive cultures, 52.8% were infected with Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) and 17.9% with Mycoplasma hominis (MH). UU+MH co-infection was 31.08%. Analysis of the sensitivity profiles showed that UU was sensitive to most of the antibiotics used, while M. hominis strains showed low levels of resistance to tetracyclines (TET DOX, MIN), quinolones (OFX, LEV, SPA) and JOS. This resistance was much higher with macrolides (ERY, ROX, AZT), certain quinolones (ASP, CIP) and aminoglycosides (SPE). However, M. hominis strains were much more resistant to these molecules than U. urealitycum isolates.
Conclusion: Our study revealed a high rate of genital mycoplasma infection among women in Dakar. The high rates of resistance to certain molecules underline the importance of surveillance to prevent transmission of resistant strains and rational use of antibiotics.
Establishment of warm‐season turfgrasses in a Mediterranean transition zone under simulated waterlogging
Authors: Giolo Maurizio , Onofri Andrea , Macolino Stefano
Published: July 2023

The Mediterranean region is expected to experience increased extreme precipitation events with the risk of inland flooding because of climate change. This may adversely affect the establishment of warm‐season turf species, usually selected for low water consumption. A simulated waterlogging experiment was conducted at the University of Padua in northeastern Italy during the summers of 2017 and 2018. Four bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) cultivars (La Paloma, Transcontinental, SR 9554, and Jackpot), ‘Pure Dynasty’ seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz), and ‘SWI 2000’ buffalograss [Buchloë dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm.] were compared under waterlogging conditions. The response of the three warm‐season species to four waterlogging events during establishment at two different seeding rates was investigated. The number of seedlings, percentage green coverage, and NDVI were measured. At the end of the experimental periods, the dry weights of the above‐ground biomass and roots were also determined. All the cultivars tested demonstrated high tolerance to waterlogging in the early stages of establishment. Moreover, they produced a significantly higher number of seedlings per unit area when sown at the higher seeding rate.
Charging dynamics in a laminate‐electrode model for graphene‐based supercapacitors
Authors: Tao Haolan , Xu Zhi , Lian Cheng , van Roij René , Liu Honglai
Published: July 2023

Development of porous electrode materials for high‐performance supercapacitors depends on the efficiency of pore utilization for charge storage. It remains an experimental and theoretical challenge to quantitatively relate the porous structure to charging dynamics. Here, based on a laminate‐electrode model of graphene‐based supercapacitors, we perform the equivalent circuit model to characterize the structure‐charging dynamics relationship of porous electrodes by coupling key structural features in a mathematical expression for the Resistor‐Capacitor (RC) time. This theoretical description is validated by direct numerical calculations of the Poisson–Nernst–Planck (PNP) equations. We discover that the charging dynamics of graphene‐based supercapacitors is dominated by the ion diffusion from the electrolyte region into the layered structure. The predicted charging time compares well with the experimental investigations reported in the literature on graphene‐based supercapacitors. Our work bridges nanoscopic transport behaviors with macroscopic devices, providing theoretical insights of the structure‐dependent ion transport in two‐dimensional materials‐based films for compact energy storage.
Per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances in foam and dewatering streams at wastewater treatment plants
Authors: Schaefer Charles E. , Hooper Jennifer L. , Strom Laurel E. , Wu Ke , Guelfo Jennifer L.
Published: July 2023

The occurrence of per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is well recognized. While several studies have examined the occurrence of PFAS in WWTPs, studies assessing the extent to which unit processes impact PFAS phase distribution are relatively lacking. Herein, PFAS enrichment in foams generated during aeration and PFAS accumulation in solids dewatering streams were evaluated in WWTPs. Results of this screening‐level study showed that perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) concentrations were enriched up to three orders of magnitude in foams relative to the aqueous phase. Similarly, total PFAS concentrations in solids dewatering streams were enriched up to 380 times relative to the aqueous influent. The PFAS mass in the dewatering stream was a significant component of the overall PFAS mass exiting the WWTP at one of the facilities examined. Results of this study suggest that there is potential to mitigate PFAS by improved management of these foams and dewatering waste streams.
Stability of clinical prediction models developed using statistical or machine learning methods
Authors: Riley Richard D. , Collins Gary S.
Published: July 2023

Clinical prediction models estimate an individual's risk of a particular health outcome. A developed model is a consequence of the development dataset and model‐building strategy, including the sample size, number of predictors, and analysis method (e.g., regression or machine learning). We raise the concern that many models are developed using small datasets that lead to instability in the model and its predictions (estimated risks). We define four levels of model stability in estimated risks moving from the overall mean to the individual level. Through simulation and case studies of statistical and machine learning approaches, we show instability in a model's estimated risks is often considerable, and ultimately manifests itself as miscalibration of predictions in new data. Therefore, we recommend researchers always examine instability at the model development stage and propose instability plots and measures to do so. This entails repeating the model‐building steps (those used to develop the original prediction model) in each of multiple (e.g., 1000) bootstrap samples, to produce multiple bootstrap models, and deriving (i) a prediction instability plot of bootstrap model versus original model predictions; (ii) the mean absolute prediction error (mean absolute difference between individuals’ original and bootstrap model predictions), and (iii) calibration, classification, and decision curve instability plots of bootstrap models applied in the original sample. A case study illustrates how these instability assessments help reassure (or not) whether model predictions are likely to be reliable (or not), while informing a model's critical appraisal (risk of bias rating), fairness, and further validation requirements.
Tribo‐ferro‐optoelectronic neuromorphic transistor of α‐In2Se3
Authors: Feng Zhenyu , Yu Jinran , Wei Yichen , Wang Yifei , Tian Bobo , Li Yonghai , Cheng Liuqi , Wang Zhong Lin , Sun Qijun
Published: July 2023

Inspired by biological neural networks, the fabrication of artificial neuromorphic systems with multimodal perception capacity shows promises in overcoming the “von Neumann bottleneck” and takes advantage of the efficient perception and computation of diverse types of signals. Here, we combine a triboelectric nanogenerator with an α‐phase indium selenide (α‐In2Se3) optoelectronic synaptic transistor to construct a tribo‐ferro‐optoelectronic artificial neuromorphic device with multimodal plasticity. Based on the excellent ferroelectric and optoelectronic characteristics of the α‐In2Se3 channel, typical synaptic behaviors (e.g., pair‐pulse facilitation and short‐term/long‐term plasticity) are successfully simulated in response to the synergistic effect of mechanical and optical stimuli. The interaction of mechanical displacement and light illumination enables heterosynaptic plasticity and spatiotemporal dynamic logic. Furthermore, multiple Boolean logical functions and associative learning behaviors are successfully implemented using the paired stimuli of displacement pulses and light pulses. The proposed tribo‐ferro‐optoelectronic artificial neuromorphic devices have great potential for application in interactive neural networks and next‐generation artificial intelligence.
Early and recent military and nonmilitary stressors associated with posttraumatic stress symptoms among military service members and their spouses
Authors: Sullivan Kathrine S. , Park Yangjin , Richardson Sabrina , Cederbaum Julie , Stander Valerie , Jaccard James
Published: July 2023

Disparities in posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) have been observed among military service members (SMs) and spouses (SPs) compared to their civilian peers, but exposure to military stressors does not adequately explain observed differences. Using a stress process framework, this study considered the associations between early and recent military and nonmilitary stressors and PTSS among SMs and SPs. We analyzed data from 3,314 SM–SP dyads in the Millennium Cohort and Millennium Cohort Family Studies. Accounting for covariates, multiple linear regression and dominance analyses were employed to consider the effects of SM and SP childhood maltreatment, recent nonmilitary stressors (e.g., financial difficulties), and recent military stressors (e.g., deployment) on their own and their partner's self‐reported PTSS. For both SMs and SPs, childhood maltreatment was the strongest predictor of their own PTSS, followed by nonmilitary stressors. Couple crossover dynamics were evident as SP maltreatment and nonmilitary stressors significantly predicted SM PTSS, and SM maltreatment predicted SP PTSS. Maltreatment also multiplied the effects of SM, product term B = 0.92, p = .031, and SP, product term B = 0.75, p = .004, nonmilitary stressors. The findings emphasize the essential role of exposure to early adversity in understanding PTSS among SMs and SPs, as childhood maltreatment strongly predicted PTSS and exacerbated the effects of other stressors on PTSS. Providers should assess for early adversity among both SMs and SPs and consider the provision of services at the couple level given the potential for the transmission of stress within couples.
Virtual 3D Specimen Mapping in Head & Neck Oncologic Surgery
Authors: Miller Alexis , Prasad Kavita , Sharif Kayvon F. , Adams Destinee J. , Garbow Lily , Roberts Emily , Lewis James S. , Ely Kim A. , Mehrad Mitra , Rohde Sarah L. , Langerman Alexander J. , Mannion Kyle , Sinard Robert J. , Netterville James L. , Rosenthal Eben L. , Topf Michael C.
Published: July 2023

Objectives

Virtual 3D specimen mapping of oncologic surgical specimens provides a visual record of the specimen and margin sampling sites which can be utilized in a variety of cancer care settings. Our objective was to perform a retrospective review of head and neck surgical oncology cases where the specimen was mapped post‐operatively and to evaluate the utility of these 3D specimen maps amongst the multidisciplinary cancer care team.

Methods

A retrospective review of our 3D specimen model biorepository was performed. Surgical specimens were 3D scanned and then graphically annotated (or “mapped”) during routine pathologic processing. The resulting 3D specimen maps were distributed to the multidisciplinary oncologic care team. Final margin status and any use of the 3D specimen maps were recorded.

Results

A total of 28 cases were included. Virtual 3D specimen maps were utilized by the cancer care team in 8 cases (29%), including 2 positive margin cases, 2 close margin cases, and 4 indeterminate margin cases. 3D specimen maps were used to visualize positive margin sites for pathologist‐surgeon communication as a visual reference during tumor board discussions and to inform radiation treatment planning.

Conclusion

Post‐operative virtual 3D specimen mapping of oncologic specimens creates a permanent visual record of the specimen and the margins sampled and may serve as a beneficial tool for communication amongst the multidisciplinary cancer care team.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 134:191–197, 2024
Wear resistance by copolymers with controlled structure under boundary lubrication conditions
Authors: Omiya T. , De Bon F. , Vuchkov T. , Serra A. C. , Cavaleiro A. , Coelho J. F. J. , Ferreira F.
Published: July 2023

Lubricants are of paramount importance in protecting metallic contact surfaces and reducing friction. The viscosity of lubricating oil can be engineered by introducing long linear polymers, such as poly(lauryl methacrylate) (PLMA). In particular, the formation of adsorption films by using polymers with hydroxy or amino side groups has attracted much attention in recent years. In this study, copolymers with controlled structure were synthesised by SARA ATRP, which can be used in large scale production. A comparison of friction and wear under boundary lubrication was conducted using both statistical and block copolymers with low Ð. Friction test results using a reciprocating sliding machine (SRV) showed that the block copolymers were less likely to desorb from the metal surface than the statistical copolymers. In addition, the wear evaluation after the SRV test showed that the block copolymer had less wear and less wear debris.
Entrepreneurial Universities, from Research Groups to Spin-off Companies, in a Time of COVID-19
Authors: Almeida Mariza , Terra Branca
Published: July 2023

In this chapter we address the dynamics created by the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the transfer of technology from universities to society through spin-off firms, based on scientific and technological research and initiatives supporting the connections between research teams and spin-offs. We observed the interactions among these firms with government and universities to reinforce the university’s third constitutional mission, especially in view of the COVID-19 demands on products and services. Starting from the changes introduced by innovation support policies and their respective regulations, notable among which are the sectoral funds, the innovation law and the current legal framework for science, technology and innovation, Brazilian universities have become increasingly involved in seeking solutions for national needs in various fields that transform the knowledge generated into products and services, which are then made available to the market.
Remote Universities? Impacts of COVID-19 as Experienced by Academic Leaders in Finland
Authors: Pekkola Elias , Siekkinen Taru , Peltola Motolani , Laihonen Harri , Kujala Emmi-Niina
Published: July 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact across the globe, affecting the nature of work across various sectors of society, including higher education. As national governments swung to action in response to the crisis by declaring states of emergency and implementing social distancing and lockdown measures, universities across the world reacted by shifting to remote working and teaching. Although global higher education has been impervious to change, it has witnessed some changes over the years, including the adaptation of some principles of new public management such as performance and accountability measures and managerial human resource management practices. These changes affect academic work and the role of academic leaders. The COVID-19 pandemic presented new sets of challenges that placed unique demands on academic managers. In this chapter we set out to examine the role and perceptions of academic managers in Finland in their changing role as managers during the COVID-19 crisis. Empirically, the article is based on a follow-up study of deans and rectors employed by public Finnish universities. Overall, Finnish universities have survived well, and their managers have found ways to cope during crises. For universities, the crises have been a time to reconsider their mission and to observe what is essential for continuity of academic work as well as what is the role of academic managers in navigating the crisis.
Evidence, Stakeholders and Decision Making: Managing COVID-19 in Irish Higher Education
Authors: Clarke Marie
Published: July 2023

This chapter explores the ways in which evidence was used in the decision-making process in the Irish higher education sector during COVID-19, employing historical institutionalism and complex systems theory as a lens to consider stakeholder responses. A qualitative approach was adopted in this study covering the period March 2020–August 2021 using publicly available documentary sources, parliamentary debates, government announcements with reference to COVID-19 speeches and other communications, in conjunction with eight elite semi-structured interviews with representatives from the key stakeholders in the HE sector. The findings illustrate several important issues with reference to the use of evidence and decision making during COVID-19 and consider the broader implications for policy direction in higher education.
Highlighting Systemic Inequalities: The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on French Higher Education
Authors: Dakowska Dorota
Published: July 2023

This chapter tackles the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on French higher education (HE), focusing on the growing differentiation between higher education institutions (HEIs). The first part reflects on the current system and investigates how the central political level (Ministry of HE), alongside the president, framed policy during the crisis. France has a highly centralised yet dynamic decision-making process: no fewer than five consecutive adaptations to the teaching system took place during 2020–2021. In the second part, responses at the meso level are analysed, considering variables such as size and funding levels to ascertain the level of (pro)reactivity and room for manoeuvre of different HEIs, including public, private, and ‘elite’ sub-systems. The chapter applies the lens of public policy analysis centred on process tracing combined with classic organisational analysis. Data is drawn from both survey and qualitative datasets as well as a desktop analysis of official documents related to the frameworks in which HEI have had to operate. Finally, the chapter reflects on how contextual parameters (historical trajectories, systemic funding inequalities, the division between selective and less selective undergraduate programmes) have made some HEIs more vulnerable in the face of the crisis. It concludes by suggesting potentially lasting effects of the pandemic on the future HE landscape, critically reflecting on equity-related dimensions such as accessibility in the context of growing inequality.
Higher Education Response to COVID-19 in Uganda: Regulatory Tools and Adaptive Institutions
Authors: Bisaso Ronald , Achanga Pius Coxwell
Published: July 2023

This chapter investigates responses to the COVID-19 pandemic by analysing academic practices from the perspectives of both the system (regulatory body) and the institutions (adaptations of different institutional categories), hence focusing on the interplay between the macro- and meso-level elements in the context of higher education (HE) in Uganda. Given the complexity of COVID-19 as an external shock, and its related effects, different higher education institutions (HEIs) are rethinking existing academic practices. A set of new, regulatory nation-wide requirements, such as the Open/Online, Distance and e-Learning (ODeL) guidelines, were enacted by the National Council for Higher Education (NCHE), the HE regulator in Uganda. HEIs have responded to these policy measures, inter alia, by adopting new policies and devising new structural arrangements, yet major tensions and challenges remain.
Mental Health
Authors: Schleim Stephan
Published: July 2023

This chapter introduces the notion of mental health as it is presently understood in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), which is published by the American Psychiatric Association. This is then discussed from the perspective of three philosophical stances, namely essentialism, social constructionism, and pragmatism. Historical examples—such as drapetomania, homosexuality, and schizophrenia—illustrate how culture, in particular thoughts about race, sexuality, and civil rights, can shape views on what is mentally normal and what not. Anticipating the later chapter on substance use, addiction receives special attention. Practical ways to assess dependence and also its definition in the DSM are introduced. Finally, the epidemiology of mental disorders is discussed. The question of whether the prevalence of these disorders is increasing is of special relevance. The chapter’s interim conclusion is that mental disorders should be better understood as dynamic biopsychosocial processes which can continually change; they are thus not concrete things (e.g., brain disorders).
Mental Enhancement
Authors: Schleim Stephan
Published: July 2023

This chapter explains how people’s nonmedical substance use, particularly that of prescription stimulants, was understood as “enhancement” or “brain doping” since the early 2000s. In both the academic debate and popular media, it was frequently claimed that ever more people, in particular students, were using such drugs to increase their cognitive performance. This chapter illustrates that this was not a new phenomenon and that even “moral enhancement”, the idea to use substances, and neuroscientific technology to improve people’s moral behavior already existed in the 1960s and 1970s. The actual present prevalence of brain doping is then discussed in detail, with an emphasis on other motives to use drugs besides cognitive enhancement. Indeed, much of the use turns out to be rather emotionally motivated and to cope with stress, particularly in competitive environments, or to be even self-medication of psychological problems. This shows how difficultly the distinction between medical and nonmedical use can be drawn. Finally, nonpharmacological alternatives to improve one’s mental health are presented. The chapter concludes that the academic debate on cognitive enhancement was not very informative and that a general theoretical framework for people’s instrumental substance use should be preferred, which is introduced in Chap. 4.
Subcellular localization of Na+/K+-ATPase isoforms resolved by in situ hybridization chain reaction in the gill of chum salmon at freshwater and seawater
Authors: Wong Marty Kwok Shing , Tsuneoka Yousuke , Tsukada Takehiro
Published: July 2023

The Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) α1-isoforms were examined by in situ hybridization chain reaction (ISHCR) using short hairpin DNAs, and we showed triple staining of NKA α1a, α1b, and α1c transcripts in the gill of chum salmon acclimated to freshwater (FW) and seawater (SW). The NKA α1-isoforms have closely resembled nucleotide sequences, which could not be differentiated by conventional in situ hybridization. The ISHCR uses a split probe strategy to allow specific hybridization using regular oligo DNA, resulting in high specificity at low cost. The results showed that NKA α1c was expressed ubiquitously in gill tissue and no salinity effects were observed. FW lamellar ionocytes (type-I ionocytes) expressed cytoplasmic NKA α1a and nuclear NKA α1b transcripts. However, both transcripts of NKA α1a and α1b were present in the cytoplasm of immature type-I ionocytes. The developing type-I ionocytes increased the cytoplasmic volume and migrated to the distal region of the lamellae. SW filament ionocytes (type-II ionocytes) expressed cytoplasmic NKA α1b transcripts as the major isoform. Results from morphometric analysis and nonmetric multidimensional scaling indicated that a large portion of FW ionocytes was NKA α1b-rich, suggesting that isoform identity alone cannot mark the ionocyte types. Both immature or residual type-II ionocytes and type-I ionocytes were found on the FW and SW gills, suggesting that the chum salmon retains the potential to switch the ionocyte population to fit the ion-transporting demands, which contributes to their salinity tolerance and osmoregulatory plasticity.
Synchaeta’s community in the urban coastal area of the Thessaloniki Bay
Authors: Kourkoutmani Polyxeni , Iliadou Evdoxia , Vlachodimou Theodora , Stefanidou Natassa , Kozari Argyri , Voutsa Dimitra , Moustaka-Gouni Maria , Michaloudi Evangelia
Published: July 2023

Rotifers’ presence and significance are being underestimated among marine zooplankton because rotifers are lost when using larger mesh size nets. Furthermore, samples’ preservation often makes species identification difficult, creating a knowledge gap regarding their diversity and abundance in coastal ecosystems. Our study aimed to address this gap by documenting the biodiversity and distribution patterns of the rotifer species, exploring their relationships with the components of the zooplankton community and determining the environmental variables driving their seasonal dynamics. Samplings were carried out in an urban coastal area in the North Aegean Sea in Greece, within two sampling periods. Four coexistingSynchaetaspecies were encountered, whose temporal distribution patterns were mainly driven by temperature;S. neapolitanaexhibited a preference for colder temperatures, contrary to the thermophilic distribution patterns ofS. balticaandS. vorax. Network analysis unveiled several negative links amongSynchaetaspecies and other zooplankton taxa, suggesting potential competitive trophic interactions. The present study is one of the very few dealing with marine rotifers across the Mediterranean Sea and thus provides a significant contribution to our understanding of the dynamics of this group of micrometazoans.
Long-term Effects of the pituitary-adenylate cyclase-activating Polypeptide (PACAP38) in the Adult Mouse Retina: Microglial Activation and Induction of Neural Proliferation
Authors: Denes Viktoria , Lukats Akos , Szarka Gergely , Subicz Rovena , Mester Adrienn , Kovacs-Valasek Andrea , Geck Peter , Berta Gergely , Herczeg Robert , Postyeni Etelka , Gyenesei Attila , Gabriel Robert
Published: July 2023

The degenerative retinal disorders characterized by progressive cell death and exacerbating inflammation lead ultimately to blindness. The ubiquitous neuropeptide, PACAP38 is a promising therapeutic agent as its proliferative potential and suppressive effect on microglia might enable cell replacement and attenuate inflammation, respectively. Our previous finding that PACAP38 caused a marked increase of the amacrine cells in the adult (1-year-old) mouse retina, served as a rationale of the current study. We aimed to determine the proliferating elements and the inflammatory status of the PACAP38-treated retina. Three months old mice were intravitreally injected with 100 pmol PACAP38 at 3 months intervals (3X). Retinas of 1-year-old animals were dissected and effects on cell proliferation, and expression of inflammatory regulators were analyzed. Interestingly, both mitogenic and anti-mitogenic actions were detected after PACAP38-treatment. Further analysis of the mitogenic effect revealed that proliferating cells include microglia, endothelial cells, and neurons of the ganglion cell layer but not amacrine cells. Furthermore, PACAP38 stimulated retinal microglia to polarize dominantly into M2-phenotype but also might cause subsequent angiogenesis. According to our results, PACAP38 might dampen pro-inflammatory responses and help tissue repair by reprogramming microglia into an M2 phenotype, nonetheless, with angiogenesis as a warning side effect.
Evidence of a large current of transcranial alternating current stimulation directly to deep brain regions
Authors: Shan Yongzhi , Wang Hongxing , Yang Yanfeng , Wang Jiahao , Zhao Wenfeng , Huang Yuda , Wang Huang , Han Bing , Pan Na , Jin Xiukun , Fan Xiaotong , Liu Yunyun , Wang Jun , Wang Changming , Zhang Huaqiang , Chen Sichang , Liu Ting , Yan Tianyi , Si Tianmei , Yin Lu , Li Xinmin , Cosci Fiammetta , Zhang Xiangyang , Zhang Guanghao , Gao Keming , Zhao Guoguang
Published: July 2023

Deep brain regions such as hippocampus, insula, and amygdala are involved in neuropsychiatric disorders, including chronic insomnia and depression. Our recent reports showed that transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) with a current of 15 mA and a frequency of 77.5 Hz, delivered through a montage of the forehead and both mastoids was safe and effective in intervening chronic insomnia and depression over 8 weeks. However, there is no physical evidence to support whether a large alternating current of 15 mA in tACS can send electrical currents to deep brain tissue in awake humans. Here, we directly recorded local field potentials (LFPs) in the hippocampus, insula and amygdala at different current strengths (1 to 15 mA) in 11 adult patients with drug-resistant epilepsy implanted with stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) electrodes who received tACS at 77.5 Hz from 1 mA to 15 mA at 77.5 Hz for five minutes at each current for a total of 40 min. For the current of 15 mA at 77.5 Hz, additional 55 min were applied to add up a total of 60 min. Linear regression analysis revealed that the average LFPs for the remaining contacts on both sides of the hippocampus, insula, and amygdala of each patient were statistically associated with the given currents in each patient (p < 0.05–0.01), except for the left insula of one subject (p = 0.053). Alternating currents greater than 7 mA were required to produce significant differences in LFPs in the three brain regions compared to LFPs at 0 mA (p < 0.05). The differences remained significant after adjusting for multiple comparisons (p < 0.05). Our study provides direct evidence that the specific tACS procedures are capable of delivering electrical currents to deep brain tissues, opening a realistic avenue for modulating or treating neuropsychiatric disorders associated with hippocampus, insula, and amygdala.
A real-world study of the first use of palbociclib for the treatment of advanced breast cancer within the UK National Health Service as part of the novel Ibrance® Patient Program
Authors: Palmieri Carlo , Musson Alison , Harper-Wynne Catherine , Wheatley Duncan , Bertelli Gianfilippo , Macpherson Iain R. , Nathan Mark , McDowall Ellie , Bhojwani Ajay , Verrill Mark , Eva Joe , Doody Colm , Chowdhury Ruhe
Published: July 2023

Background

The Ibrance® Patient Program was established to provide access to palbociclib for UK National Health Service (NHS) patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC), pending a funding decision.

Methods

Non-interventional cohort study involving a retrospective medical record review of patients commenced on palbociclib between April and December 2017 at eight UK centres. Primary outcomes included clinicopathological characteristics, treatment patterns, clinical outcomes and selected adverse events.

Results

Overall, 191 patients were identified, median age of 57.0 years (range 24.3–90.9); 30% were diagnosed with de novo MBC; 72% received first-line and 10% as ≥ second-line treatment. Median progression-free survival (95% CI) was 22.8 months (16.5–not reached [NR]) in first-line; NR in patients with de novo MBC; 7.8 months (6.8–NR) in ≥ second-line (median follow-up: 24 months). Median overall survival (OS) was NR in the overall cohort; OS rate (95% CI) at 24 months was 74.2% (67.1–81.9%) in first-line; 82.1% (72.6–92.8%) in patients with de novo MBC; 55.0% (37.0–81.8%) in ≥ second-line. Forty-seven per cent of patients developed grade 3–4 neutropenia; 3% febrile neutropenia.

Conclusion

This study supports the effectiveness of palbociclib and demonstrates the benefit to patients of early access schemes that bridge the gap between regulatory approval and NHS funding for new medicines.

Clinical trial registration

Clinical trial: ClinicalTrial.gov:NCT03921866.