bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Outcome Measurement in Nursing: Imperatives, Ideals, History, and Challenges
Authors: Jones Terry
Published: September 2021

Nurses have a social responsibility to evaluate the effect of nursing practice on patient outcomes in the areas of health promotion; injury and illness prevention; and alleviation of suffering. Quality assessment initiatives are hindered by the paucity of available data related to nursing processes and patient outcomes across these three domains of practice. Direct care nurses are integral to self-regulation for the discipline as they are the best source of information about nursing practice and patient outcomes. Evidence supports the assumption that nurses do contribute to prevention of adverse events but there is insufficient evidence to explain how nurses contribute to these and/or other patient outcomes. The purposes of this article are to examine the imperatives, ideal conditions, history, and challenges related to effective outcome measurement in nursing. The article concludes with recommendations for action to move quality assessment forward, such as substantial investment to support adequate documentation of nursing practice and patient outcomes.
Silence liberateur. Silence destructeur
Authors: Chavarot Jean-Marc
Published: September 2021

Tout sens est sur fond de silence, émerge du silence. Écouter de la musique suppose de « faire » silence. À ce moment-là seulement on peut être dans la réceptivité. Et c’est vrai tout aussi bien pour l’artiste, qui sans cela n’aurait nulle inspiration, et ainsi en fait de toute l’existence… Mais en tout premier lieu, le silence demeure au cœur des relations humaines : nulle parole n’est possible, nul dialogue, nulle société, si on ne sait se taire, non seulement pour parler (d’une parole qui émerge vraiment du sentiment), mais pour être véritablement dans l’échange avec l’autre, c’est-à-dire lui donner la parole, et la recevoir de lui. C’est là l’essence de toute société et existence possibles. Inversement, il y a la parole qui ne sait procéder du silence, la parole qui envahit tout, occupe tout l’espace, n’offre pas de place à l’autre, ou encore le silence opaque, qui ne salue pas ni ne répond, ne renvoie qu’indifférence ou dédain, et mure l’interlocuteur dans le mutisme et l’inexistence. Car seule la réciprocité du contact et de la parole donne existence. Deux visages donc du silence : de libération ou d’aliénation.
Nonexistence of entire positive solutions for conformal Hessian quotient inequalities
Authors: Jiang Feida , Chen Xi , Shi Juhua
Published: September 2021

In this paper, we consider the nonexistence problem for conformal Hessian quotient inequalities in $ \mathbb{R}^n $. We prove the nonexistence results of entire positive $ k $-admissible solution to a conformal Hessian quotient inequality, and entire $ (k, k') $-admissible solution pair to a system of Hessian quotient inequalities, respectively. We use the contradiction method combining with the integration by parts, suitable choices of test functions, Taylor's expansion and Maclaurin's inequality for Hessian quotient operators.
Accelerating reinforcement learning with a Directional-Gaussian-Smoothing evolution strategy
Authors: Zhang Jiaxin , Tran Hoang , Zhang Guannan
Published: September 2021

The objective of reinforcement learning (RL) is to find an optimal strategy for solving a dynamical control problem. Evolution strategy (ES) has been shown great promise in many challenging reinforcement learning (RL) tasks, where the underlying dynamical system is only accessible as a black box such that adjoint methods cannot be used. However, existing ES methods have two limitations that hinder its applicability in RL. First, most existing methods rely on Monte Carlo based gradient estimators to generate search directions. Due to low accuracy of Monte Carlo estimators, the RL training suffers from slow convergence and requires more iterations to reach the optimal solution. Second, the landscape of the reward function can be deceptive and may contain many local maxima, causing ES algorithms to prematurely converge and be unable to explore other parts of the parameter space with potentially greater rewards. In this work, we employ a Directional Gaussian Smoothing Evolutionary Strategy (DGS-ES) to accelerate RL training, which is well-suited to address these two challenges with its ability to (i) provide gradient estimates with high accuracy, and (ii) find nonlocal search direction which lays stress on large-scale variation of the reward function and disregards local fluctuation. Through several benchmark RL tasks demonstrated herein, we show that the DGS-ES method is highly scalable, possesses superior wall-clock time, and achieves competitive reward scores to other popular policy gradient and ES approaches.
DIMENSIONING, DESIGN, MANUFACTURING AND PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT
OF OCEANWINGS WINGSAIL ONBOARD ENERGY OBSERVER
Authors: Sdez N , Van Peteghem M
Published: September 2021

Based on the experience gained through the design and realization of a first prototype, VPLP design engaged itself in the design and making of wind propulsors called Oceanwings®, dedicated to the boat called Energy Observer. The dimensioning, design and making of such a system is documented. The data collected by the embarked calculator are collected, processed and presented. A comparison is made with regards to models used at design stage, together with a commented global energy performance assessment.
Les détritus de la ville : repenser la gestion des déchets à Bruxelles
Authors: Bortolotti Andrea
Published: September 2021

L’image d’une ville et la façon dont elle est perçue sont intrinsèquement liées à sa propreté. Partout dans le monde, les quartiers populaires où les détritus s’entassent dans les rues sont stigmatisés et dévalorisés. Tel est le cas à Cureghem, un quartier multiethnique de Bruxelles (Belgique), où le manque de propreté et d’entretien de l’espace public constitue l’un des principaux sujets de préoccupation et griefs exprimés par les habitants. Le présent document porte sur le service de collecte des déchets à Bruxelles, et plus particulièrement dans une rue commerçante de Cureghem qui compte une multitude de restaurants ethniques, de bars et de magasins de primeurs, et où l’accumulation de déchets est en grande partie imputable au dynamisme de l’activité commerciale. S’appuyant sur un travail de terrain ainsi que sur des entretiens et ateliers avec des acteurs locaux, réalisés dans le cadre d’un projet de recherche transdisciplinaire, l’étude vise à mettre en lumière le problème des déchets à Cureghem et les propositions qui se font jour dans la recherche d’une solution.
CXCL17 Is Dispensable during Hypervirulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis HN878 Infection in Mice
Authors: Choreño-Parra José Alberto , Dunlap Micah D , Swanson Rosemary , Jiménez-Álvarez Luis A , Muñoz-Torrico Marcela , Guzmán-Beltrán Silvia , Zúñiga Joaquín , Khader Shabaana A
Published: September 2021

CXCL17 is a novel mucosal chemokine that mediates myeloid cell recruitment and bactericidal activity and highly expressed in the respiratory tract. However, its role in tuberculosis (TB) immunopathogenesis or protection remains unknown. In this study, we evaluated the function of CXCL17 in a mouse model of aerosol infection with the clinical W-Beijing lineage Mycobacterium tuberculosis hypervirulent HN878 strain. Our results show that CXCL17 production increases in the lung of M. tuberculosis–infected mice during acute and chronic stages of infection. Moreover, in vitro M. tuberculosis infection of epithelial cells and myeloid cells induces production of CXCL17. In humans, lower serum CXCL17 levels are observed among active pulmonary TB patients when compared with subjects with latent TB infection and healthy controls, suggesting a protective role. However, mice treated with rCXCL17 show similar lung bacterial burden and inflammation compared with control animals, despite an increased lung myeloid cell accumulation. Finally, CXCL17−/− mice are not more susceptible to TB than wild-type animals. These findings suggest that CXCL17 is induced in both murine epithelial and myeloid cells upon M. tuberculosis infection and increased expression during human latent TB infection. However, CXCL17 may have a dispensable role during pulmonary TB.
Regulation and Role of αE Integrin and Gut Homing Integrins in Migration and Retention of Intestinal Lymphocytes during Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Keir Mary E , Fuh Franklin , Ichikawa Ryan , Acres Meghan , Hackney Jason A , Hulme Gillian , Carey Christopher D , Palmer Jeremy , Jones Claire J , Long Anna K , Jiang Jenny , Klabunde Sha , Mansfield John C , Looney Cary M , Faubion William A , Filby Andrew , Kirby John A , McBride Jacqueline , Lamb Christopher A
Published: September 2021

Targeting interactions between α4β7 integrin and endothelial adhesion molecule MAdCAM-1 to inhibit lymphocyte migration to the gastrointestinal tract is an effective therapy in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Following lymphocyte entry into the mucosa, a subset of these cells expresses αEβ7 integrin, which is expressed on proinflammatory lymphocytes, to increase cell retention. The factors governing lymphocyte migration into the intestinal mucosa and αE integrin expression in healthy subjects and IBD patients remain incompletely understood. We evaluated changes in factors involved in lymphocyte migration and differentiation within tissues. Both ileal and colonic tissue from active IBD patients showed upregulation of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and MAdCAM-1 at the gene and protein levels compared with healthy subjects and/or inactive IBD patients. β1 and β7 integrin expression on circulating lymphocytes was similar across groups. TGF-β1 treatment induced expression of αE on both β7+ and β7− T cells, suggesting that cells entering the mucosa independently of MAdCAM-1/α4β7 can become αEβ7+. ITGAE gene polymorphisms did not alter protein induction following TGF-β1 stimulation. Increased phospho-SMAD3, which is directly downstream of TGF-β, and increased TGF-β–responsive gene expression were observed in the colonic mucosa of IBD patients. Finally, in vitro stimulation experiments showed that baseline β7 expression had little effect on cytokine, chemokine, transcription factor, and effector molecule gene expression in αE+ and αE− T cells. These findings suggest cell migration to the gut mucosa may be altered in IBD and α4β7−, and α4β7+ T cells may upregulate αEβ7 in response to TGF-β once within the gut mucosa.
Cost Utility Analysis of a Pilot Study for the Korean Lung Cancer Screening Project
Authors: Kim Juyoung , Cho Bogeum , Kim Seon-Ha , Choi Chang-Min , Kim Yeol , Jo Min-Woo
Published: September 2021

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the cost utility of a pilot study of Korean Lung Cancer Screening Project.Materials and Methods We constructed a Markov model consisting of 26 states based on the natural history of lung cancer according to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results summary stage (localized, regional, distant). In the base case, people aged 55-74 years were under consideration for annual screening. Costs and quality-adjusted life years were simulated to calculate the incremental cost utility ratio. Sensitivity analyses were performed on the uncertainty associated with screening target ages, stage distribution, cost, utility, mortality, screening duration, and discount rate.Results The base case (US$25,383 per quality-adjusted life year gained) was cost-effective compared to the scenario of no screening and acceptable considering a willingness-to-pay threshold of US$27,000 per quality-adjusted life years gained. In terms of the target age of screening, the age between 60 and 74 years was the most cost-effective. Lung cancer screening was still cost-effective in the sensitivity analyses on the cost for treatment, utility, mortality, screening duration, and less than 5% discount rates, although the result was sensitive to a rise in positive rates or variation of stage distribution.Conclusion Our results showed the cost-effectiveness of annual low-dose computed tomography screening for lung cancer in high-risk populations.
Some results on double triangle descendants of $K_5$
Authors: Laradji Mohamed , Mishna Marni , Yeats Karen
Published: September 2021

Double triangle expansion is an operation on

4

-regular graphs with at least one triangle which replaces a triangle with two triangles in a particular way. We study the class of graphs which can be obtained by repeated double triangle expansion beginning with the complete graph

K_5

. These are called double triangle descendants of

K_5

. We enumerate, with explicit rational generating functions, those double triangle descendants of

K_5

with at most four more vertices than triangles. We also prove that the minimum number of triangles in any

K_5

descendant is four. Double triangle descendants are an important class of graphs because of conjectured properties of their Feynman periods when they are viewed as scalar Feynman diagrams, and also because of conjectured properties of their

c_2

invariants, an arithmetic graph invariant with quantum field theoretical applications.
The twilight of neoliberalism in the USA?
Authors: Evans Trevor
Published: September 2021

The US economic expansion which began in 2009 was unusually prolonged but relatively weak. Profitability and investment strengthened between 2010 and 2015 but then began to falter. After Trump took office in 2017 there was a minor recovery in investment but the proceeds of major tax cuts were overwhelmingly used to finance payouts to share owners. Unemployment fell steadily from 2010 but with a shift towards lower-paid jobs. Median wages increased from around 2014, but while those for women had risen steadily since the 1980s, those for men only recuperated to their 1980 level in 2018. By contrast, top incomes soared. The impact of the COVID-19 epidemic was partly cushioned by huge government spending programmes, but unemployment among less-skilled workers increased strongly, while the massive monetary response led to an unprecedented bonanza for the rich. The Biden government's first major initiative extended unemployment benefits and promoted a national response to the health emergency, but failed to secure an increase in the national minimum wage to $15 an hour.
Path dependence, the COVID-19 crisis, and inequality in the United States
Authors: Tavani Daniele
Published: September 2021

This paper considers both secular and medium-run trends to argue that the US economy was already vulnerable to shocks before the COVID-19 crisis. Long-run trends have shown a pattern of secular stagnation and increasing inequality since the 1980s, while the economy has displayed hysteresis during the sluggish recovery from the Great Recession. The immediate policy response through the Coronavirus, Relief and Economic Security (CARES) Act highlighted the coordinating role of fiscal policy on the economy, but also showcased limits, especially with regard to the paycheck protection program. The historical trajectory of the US economy before the COVID-19 crisis cast serious doubts on recent cries of ‘overheating’ and inflationary pressures that should supposedly arise from the $1.9 trillion relief package just signed into law by President Biden. Projecting forward to the long run, redistribution policies may provide useful first steps in reversing the trends of rising inequality and declining productivity growth that the US economy has seen over the last few decades.
Can trade help with fighting the pandemic? Evidence from imports of Chinese medical products
Authors: Yang Laike , Xu Bo
Published: September 2021

To contain the COVID-19 pandemic, medical products play an important role around the world. This paper studies the relationship between trade and pandemic control by testing the impact of importing medical products from China on COVID-19 cases and deaths. Using a fixed-effects model, we find that there is a significant negative correlation between imports of medical products from China and COVID-19 cases; for every 1 percent increase in protection equipment imported from China, new COVID-19 cases per day drop by 0.24 percent, and COVID-19-related deaths decrease by 0.13 percent in two weeks. The evidence suggests that trade can play a vital role in fighting the pandemic.
Partial integral operators of Fredholm type on Kaplansky-Hilbert module over $L_0$
Authors: Eshkabilov Yu. Kh. , Kucharov R.
Published: September 2021

The article studies some characteristic properties of self-adjoint partially
integral operators of Fredholm type in the Kaplansky-Hilbert module
$L_{0}\left[L_{2}\left(\Omega_{1}\right)\right]$ over $L_{0}\left(\Omega_{2}\right)$. Some
mathematical tools from the theory of Kaplansky-Hilbert module are used. In the
Kaplansky-Hilbert module $L_{0}\left[L_{2}\left(\Omega_{1}\right)\right]$ over
$ L_{0} \left (\Omega _ {2} \right)$ we consider the partially integral operator of
Fredholm type $T_{1}$ ($ \Omega_{1} $ and $\Omega_{2} $ are
closed bounded sets in $ {\mathbb R}^{\nu_{1}}$ and $ {\mathbb R}^{\nu_{2}},$
$\nu_{1}, \nu_{2} \in {\mathbb N} $, respectively). The
existence of $ L_{0} \left (\Omega _ {2} \right) $ nonzero eigenvalues for any self-adjoint
partially integral operator $T_{1}$ is proved; moreover, it is shown that $T_{1}$ has
finite and countable number of real $L_{0}(\Omega_{2})$-eigenvalues.
In the latter case, the sequence $ L_{0}(\Omega_{2})$-eigenvalues is order
convergent to the zero function. It is also established that the
operator $T_{1}$ admits an expansion into a series of $\nabla_{1}$-one-dimensional operators.
Expansões socioeconômicas, lógicas de salvaguarda e implicações a preservação de sítios arqueológicos no Amazonas - Amazônia Central
Authors: Da Silva Benedito Walderlino de Souza , E Silva Wagner Fernando da Veiga , Da Silva Anna Barbara Cardoso , Mendes Kelton Lima Monteiro
Published: September 2021

As discussões sobre o estado de preservação e possibilidades de impactos a sítios arqueológicos na arqueologia brasileira têm sido um tema recorrente e importante para moldar as ações de instituições de salvaguarda e pesquisadores da área. Especialmente a partir da década de 1960, vários estudos têm sido realizados sobre esse tema na intenção de diagnosticar e, quando possível, agir sobre as questões de conservação. Independentemente do ambiente e tipo de sítios arqueológicos que sejam objeto dessas preocupações, tem se mostrado necessário levar em consideração a ocupação humana recente como um dos principais fatores de interferência sobre os sítios. A partir do levantamento realizado em 100 sítios arqueológicos localizados nos municípios de Manaus e Iranduba, Estado do Amazonas, buscamos contribuir com esta questão. Para tal, partimos do princípio que é imprescindível considerar a relação de comunidades contemporâneas com objetos arqueológicos a partir não só das estratégias de ocupação e uso do espaço que processam sobre áreas com sítios arqueológicos, como também ponderar a influência das lógicas de salvaguarda cultural que se utilizam ao longo da formação de suas identidades culturais e memória social.

 

Discussions about the state of preservation and possibilities of impacts on archeological sites in Brazilian archeology have been a recurrent and important theme to shape the actions of safeguard institutions and researchers in the area. Especially since the 1960s, several studies have been carried out on this topic with the intention of diagnosing and, when possible, acting on conservation issues. Regardless of the environment and type of archaeological sites that are the object of these concerns, it has proved necessary to take into account recent human occupation as one of the main factors interfering with the sites. Based on the survey carried out in 100 archaeological sites located in the cities of Manaus and Iranduba, State of Amazonas, we seek to contribute to this issue. To this end, we assume that it is essential to consider the relationship of contemporary communities with archaeological objects from not only the occupation and use of space strategies that process over areas with archaeological sites, but also to consider the influence of cultural safeguard logics that are they use throughout the formation of their cultural identities and social memory.
Pembuatan Aplikasi Game Edukasi Asmaul Husna Berbasis Android
Authors: Nusantara Novaria , Cahyadi Rudy
Published: September 2021

Asmaul Husna adalah nama-nama Allah yang terbaik yang menunjukkan keagungan dan kesempurnaan-Nya yang berjumlah sembilan puluh sembilan. Mempelajari Asmaul Husna sejak usia dini dilakukan agar anak dapat lebih mencintai Allah, sehingga anak memiliki akhlak yang baik karena selalu ingat kepada Allah. TPA adalah salah satu lembaga pendidikan non-formal yang mengenalkan anak pada pembelajaran Asmaul Husna. Metode konvensional yang kurang interaktif masih mendominasi sebagian besar TPA yang kadang  menyebabkan siswa mudah bosan. Dengan adanya inovasi teknologi dalam dunia pendidikan, maka akan membantu pembelajaran murid, seperti media pembelajaran menggunakan game. Game edukasi dapat mendorong siswa untuk belajar aktif dan kreatif, sehingga belajar menjadi terasa menyenangkan.
Aplikasi Augmented Reality Sebagai Media Promosi Untuk Pemodelan Halte Bus Berbasis Android
Authors: Erdiantama Rizki Azandika , Hadi Hafid Setyo
Published: September 2021

Domade Maha Promosindo merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak dalam bidang jasa advertising / periklanan, event production house. Berdasarkan yang diutarakan oleh bapak (Jati, 2020). Domade memfokuskan terjun kedalam dunia media branding Out Of Home ( OOH ) karena dari 2018 – 2019 mereka sudah berhasil memasarkan beberapa produk tersebut. Selain itu Domade juga ingin menambah akses media iklan mereka dalam bidang sarana dan prasarana. Karena beberapa klien mereka beranggapan bahwa mereka membutuhkan media yang baru untuk dapat menarik konsumen bagi brand mereka. Melihat dari sisi ini, Domade mulai merambat media iklan mereka ke dalam fasilitas umum. Halte menjadi salah satu sasaran utama Domade dalam memasarkan suatu brand. Karena halte dianggap memiliki engagement yang berbeda dari media iklan lainnya.Dalam mempromosikan media halte ini, Domade menggunakan media rate card yang berbentuk booklet dan juga menjadi target marker pada aplikasi media promosi berbasis Augmented Reality. Domade akan memberikan gambaran sketsa kasar model halte yang akan dijadikan kedalam bentuk objek 3D. Selanjutnya dalam proses produksi pembuatan aset 3D dikerjakan menggunakan software Cinema 4D dan aset 2D menggunakan Adobe Illustrator CC 2019, untuk proses pengembangan aplikasi menggunakan software Unity 3D beserta plugin Vuforia sebagai database Augmented Reality dengan software pendukung pembuatan aplikasi android seperti SDK, JDK, dan software lainnya. Aplikasi ini telah diuji coba pada empat perangkat dengan rincian percobaan mulai dari loading screen, membuka info, menu tutorial, mendeteksi hingga kembali ke menu utama. Karya ini adalah gagasan utama dari penulis yang dapat diperbaharui lagi kedepannya.
Pembuatan Sistem Administrasi Pendidikan Berbasis Android
Authors: Pradana Yudha , Tsuraya Andi Aulia
Published: September 2021

Kebutuhan administrasi pendidikan bagi pengajar tentu hal yang tidak dapat dilepaskan dalam pelaksanaan tugas dan fungsi guru. Namun demikian terkadang pelaksanaan administrasi pendidikan menambah beban tugas guru. Kemajuan teknologi dan informasi dapat disinergiskan dengan pelaksanaan administrasi pendidikan, salah satunya ialah melalui pembuatan administrasi pendidikan dengan menggunakan smartphone berbasis android. Rumusan masalah dalam penulisan ini ialah bagaimana pembuatan administrasi pendidikan berbasis android. Tujuan penulisan ialah untuk mengetahui pembuatan administrasi pendidikan berbasis android. Tahapan pembuatan aplikasi melalui tahap praproduksi, produksi, dan pascaproduksi. Aplikasi ini dibuat dengan memuat administrasi pendidikan meliputi kalender akademik, program sentra, data siswa, dan data guru. Dengan adanya administrasi pendidikan berbasis android ini diharapkan dapat memudahkan tugas pengadministrasian oleh guru dan mengintegrasikan administrasi pendidikan yang dilaksanakan oleh satuan pendidikan.
OPTIMIZATION OF PLANNING FOR THE USE OF RAW MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF THE QURAN USING MRP METHOD AT PT. SYGMA EXA GRAPHICS
Authors: Nuryana Deden , Sarmada A , Djaiz Mukhyidin
Published: September 2021

Optimization is an effort to maximize activities so that they are realized desired or desired advantage. Optimization in form Raw material planning can be defined as an activity which coordinated to achieve certain goals within a certain period of time. Raw material planning has an effect on operating costs, so that errors in inventory will reduce profits. Company Inventory problem, too much supply or even a shortage. Both of these conditions resulted in the emergence of this situation substantial costs. Therefore, it is necessary to plan the raw material inventory with the MRP method to analyze the optimal inventory level.The purpose of planning and planning is to plan and controlling the flow of material into, inside, and out of the factory thus the position of optimal profit which is an attainable goal. Material requirements planning is carried out using the MRP method whose application begins with forecasting the number demand / production for the future. By seeing material requirements planning, then inventory planning is carried out by using the Horizontal Planning method. From the results of Horizontal Planning produce optimal inventory planning.Keywords: optimization, planning, MRP method.
EFFECT OF PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) ON WORKER PRODUCTIVITY IN CV ALDEAZ SEJAHTERA PRINTING IN DEPOK
Authors: Ramadhan Fajar
Published: September 2021

Personal protective equipment is an important part of the safety and health ofworkers in the company. Personal protective equipment (PPE) is one of the factors that can affect the productivity of workers and comes with various types of personal protective equipment such as eye, head, ear, respiratory, hand, foot and body protection. Personal protective equipment can affect down time and can prevent or reduce the level of work accidents that result in lost time incidents that lead to decreased production and cause losses to employees and the company. Work accidents can be reduced by implementing the 5 Rs and requiring the use of personal protective equipment. By implementing the use of company personal protective equipment it can increase the safety and welfare of workers and can alsoincrease the productivity of these workers.Keywords: PPE, OHS and Printing Industry
Globalizáció, regionalizáció és a földrajz: a távolság még mindig számít?
Authors: Láng László
Published: September 2021

E tanulmány vezérfonala a globalizáció és regionalizáció versengése, ami – legalábbis az elmélet szintjén – az ezredforduló környékén vált élessé. A globalizáció visszahúzódni, a regionalizáció tért nyerni látszott, amíg aztán a 2010-es évekre „megérkeztek” (ismét) a nemzetállamok. Mindeközben, a radikális technológiai és kommunikációs változások ellenére, a nemzetközi gazdasági áramlások nem csökkenő mértékben tűntek gravitálni a hazai térségek irányába anélkül, hogy ezt visszatükrözte volna (szó szerint egy-két kivételtől eltekintve) a régiók gazdasági és ennek kereteként biztonságpolitikai együttműködése, illetve ezek intézményesülése. A tanulmány ebben a keretrendszerben, a nemzetközi kapcsolatok, a nemzetközi vagy világgazdaságtan és a földrajz diszciplínáinak határán keres válaszokat, pontosabban tesz fel – későbbi válaszok reményében – kérdéseket. Az írás vélelmezett szaktudományi hozzáadott értéke, hogy nem veszik el a vizsgált nemzetközi mozgások és szintek komplexitásában, hanem képes konkrét hipotézisek megfogalmazására és további kutatási irányok kijelölésére.
Análisis de pilotes y pilas de cimentación sometidos a carga lateral
Authors: Medina Mendoza José
Published: September 2021

En este libro se expone un procedimiento para determinar las presiones de contacto suelo-cimentación y los desplazamientos laterales en pilotes y pilas de cimentación sujetos a cargas laterales en condiciones estática y sísmica. En cada uno de los capítulos se presentan ejemplos prácticos, cuyas secuencias han sido indicadas paso a paso para su mejor comprensión. Se asume que el lector está familiarizado con los conceptos fundamentales de mecánica de suelos, álgebra de matrices y el método de las fuerzas o flexibilidades para la solución de vigas estáticamente indeterminadas.
TREINAMENTO DE FORÇA E RESISTÊNCIA MUSCULAR RESPIRATÓRIA NA DISTROFIA MUSCULAR DE DUCHENNE: REVISÃO NARRATIVA DA LITERATURA
Authors: Frequete da Silva Livia , Dos Santos Silva Ana Paula , Ceresine Caporal Fernanda , Pachioni de Souza José Eduardo , Carvalho Pozzato Larissa , Constâncio da Rocha Luccas Letícia , César de Mello Filho Mauro , Message Fuentes Victoria , Junqueira de Mattos Frateschi Maria Eloisa , Gatti Regueiro Eloisa Maria , Costa da Silva Patricia
Published: September 2021

A distrofia muscular de Duchenne (DMD) é uma doença progressiva hereditária que causa degradação musculoesquelético decorrente da falta e/ou diminuição da proteína distrofina, devido a deficiência do gene DMD localizado na região Xp21apresentando os primeiros sinais entre o terceiro e quinto ano de vida com progressivo enfraquecimento muscular, evoluindo para a musculatura respiratória e falência cardíaca. Neste contexto, a fisioterapia minimiza o comprometimento musculoesquelético, auxilia na manutenção das funções cardiovascular e respiratória e em conjunto com o treinamento muscular respiratório (TMR) precoce, auxilia no incremento de força e endurance respiratória. Assim sendo, o objetivo deste estudo foi discorrer sobre a DMD e os efeitos do TMR com enfoque no uso do dispositivo PowerBreathe® (PB), além de enriquecer a literatura relacionada ao tema, por meio de uma revisão narrativa da literatura. A revisão foi feita nas bases de dados científicos Scielo, Pubmed, Lilacs, BVS e Google Acadêmico utilizando descritores: distrofia muscular de Duchenne, PowerBreathe®, Threshold® IMT, treinamento muscular respiratório e endurance nas línguas portuguesa e inglesa entre os anos de 2001 a 2019. Esta revisão evidenciou a efetividade da fisioterapia nos pacientes com DMD e do tratamento precoce, que visa manter a função motora e respiratória; e que o equipamento mais utilizado para o TMR de um modo geral é o Threshold® IMT. Além disso, aponta para a escassez de estudos específicos sobre uso do PB na DMD; sugerindo mais pesquisas que possam elucidar os benefícios diretos desse dispositivo aos pacientes com DMD.
Online Learning Amidst COVID-19 Pandemic: an Analysis of Bhutanese Context
Authors: Peldon Deki
Published: September 2021

Contact teaching has always been a common practice in Bhutanese Education System. But the COVID-19 pandemic threatened its stability and has mandated the shift in the way to cater to the need of learners. In the face of such adversity administration of online education came as an appropriate antidote. The transaction to online teaching took place in March 2020 with the detection of the first case of COVID -19 along with rising number of imported cases owing to the return of Bhutanese from abroad. This article portrays the ability of Bhutan to continue education in the midst of lockdown through online learning platforms and reaching out the unreached through distribution of SIM (self-instructional materials) for various key stages. This modus operandi took care of every individual student. No one was left behind in terms of their achievement of the expected learning outcomes. Bhutan’s experiences can intensify everyone’s attention towards sensitizing both teachers and learners on different modes of online delivery to engage learners meaningfully during unforeseen times. Furthermore, it can serve as a catalyst in bettering future preparation through teacher professional development.
Using Calculus to Plan an Open-Air Concert
Authors: Kalandarov Timur
Published: September 2021

A concert is a mass entertainment event held indoors, at concert halls, or outdoors (open-air festivals). These two formats differ greatly from each other. However, the goal of both events remains the same – to allow the audience to enjoy the musical performance. Indoor halls are designed for the best acoustics of sound. They are often circular and let sound waves travel around the inside of the building, like an echo bouncing back and forth. This makes the audience feel like they are surrounded by sound. Such places already have outlined spots for mounting music equipment with the highest efficiency. Thus, thanks to the fact that the building is engineered exactly for the purpose of conserving the sound, concert holders are not obligated with extra calculations and planning. On the other hand, open-air concerts can range from small, acoustic gatherings at municipal parks, to large music festivals that take place over several days and feature a large number of different artists. Such concerts take great amounts of planning to make sure that the stage is visible and, more importantly, audible from the entire seating area.

In this paper, we investigate the physics of sound events of both formats and derive a basic formula for calculating the coverage of a sound system.
British Foreign Secretaries and Japan, 1850-1990
Authors: Best Anthony , Cortazzi Hugh ,   Japan Society
Published: September 2021

This book reviews the role of British Foreign Secretaries in the formulation of British policy towards Japan from the re-opening of Japan in the middle of the nineteenth century to the end of the twentieth century. It also takes a critical look at the history of British relations with Japan over these years. Beginning with Lord John Russell (Foreign Secretary 1859-1865) and concluding with Geoffrey Howe (Secretary of State for Foreign & Commonwealth Affairs, 1983-1989), the volume also examines the critical roles of two British Prime Ministers in the latter part of the twentieth century, Edward Heath and Margaret Thatcher, who ensured that Britain recognized both the reality and the opportunities for Britain resulting from the Japanese economic and industrial phenomenon. Heath’s main emphasis was on opening the Japanese market to British exports. Thatcher’s was on Japanese investment. This volume is a valuable addition to the Japan Society’s series devoted to aspects of Anglo-Japanese relations which includes ten volumes of Britain & Japan: Biographical Portraits as well as British Envoys in Japan.
A Life of Sir Harry Parkes
Authors: Morton Robert
Published: September 2021

Harry Parkes was at the heart of Britain’s relations with the Far East from the start of his working life at fourteen, to his death at fifty-seven. Orphaned at the age of five, he went to China on his own as a child and worked his way to the top. God-fearing and fearless, he believed his mission was to bring trade and ‘civilisation’ to East Asia. In his day, he was seen as both a hero and a monster and is still bitterly resented in China for his part in the country’s humiliations at Western hands, but largely esteemed in Japan for helping it to industrialise. Morton’s new biography, the first in over thirty years, and benefiting in part from access to the Parkes’ family and archives, offers a more intimate and informed profile of the personal and professional life of a Victorian titan and one of Britain’s most undiplomatic diplomats in the history of the British Civil Service.
DIFERENTES SUBSTRATOS NA PRODUÇÃO DE MUDAS DE ALFACE
Authors: Pivetta Lucas Delai , Pivetta Marcos Delai
Published: September 2021

Introdução: A produção de mudas em bandejas multicelulares está sendo amplamente utilizado na multiplicação de hortaliças, dependendo do volume de substrato disponível favorecera o desenvolvimento do sistema radicular e parte aérea da muda, mas bandejas com a menor profundidade de células limitam o desenvolvimento das mudas, influenciando no potencial produtivo da muda. Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a composição de substrato na qual propicia o melhor desenvolvimento de sistema radicular tamanho de parte aérea e número de folhas da plântula de alface cultivado em casa de vegetação situada no campus da pontifícia universidade católica do Paraná campus Toledo. Materiais e métodos: O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação com irrigação diária, utilizado delineamento experimental com cinco tratamentos (T1 (100% comercial), T2 (50% comercial e 50% esterco de gado), T3 (40% comercial, 10% cama de aviário e 40% vermiculita), T4 (33,3% comercial, 16,6% cama de aviário, 33,3% fibra de coco e 16,6% esterco de ovinos), T5 (33,3% comercial, 33,3% cama de aviário e 33,3% vermiculita)), com cada um utilizando porcentagens diferentes de seis tipos de substratos diferentes (substrato comercial, vermiculita, esterco de gado, cama de aviário, fibra de coco e esterco de ovinos), sendo utilizado 64 células de bandejas de isopor por tratamento. Resultados: Quanto a número de folhas por plantas, não ouve diferença estatística nos tratamentos T5, T4, T3, T2 e T1 com a média dos tratamentos ficando em 3.22 folhas por plantas e obtendo um CV de 9.57%. Em comprimento de raiz os tratamentos T5 e T2 obtiveram os melhores resultados com 4,34 cm e 4,23 cm respectivamente e quanto a comprimento de parte aérea o tratamento T5 se sobressaio entre os tratamentos com 15,33 cm. Conclusão: Pode-se concluir que com a maior quantidade de adubos orgânicos e menor compactação do solo se obtém melhores condições de desenvolvimento para as plântulas de alface, com T5 apresentando melhores resultados a respeito de comprimento de parte aérea e sistema radicular quando se comparado aos outros tratamentos.
Intelligente Fasern: Farbwechsel bei beschädigten Seilen
Authors: Zogg Cornelia , Hagmann Michael
Published: September 2021

Hochleistungsfasern, die hohen Temperaturen ausgesetzt waren, verlieren meist unerkannt ihre mechanischen Eigenschaften und können im schlimmsten Fall genau dann reißen, wenn Leben davon abhängen. Zum Beispiel Sicherheitsseile der Feuerwehr oder Tragseile für schwere Lasten auf Baustellen. Forschende an der Empa haben nun eine Beschichtung entwickelt, die die Farbe wechselt, wenn sie hohen Temperaturen durch Reibung oder Feuer ausgesetzt war.
Forschungstransfer einer monolithischen Seilendverbindung für hochmodulare Faserseile
Authors: Franck Benedikt
Published: September 2021

Die im Rahmen der DFG-Forschergruppe „Hybride intelligente Konstruktionselemente FOR 981“ 2009 entwickelte Seilendverbindung für hochmodulare Faserseile mit einem anfänglichen Seilnenndurchmesser von 4 mm wurde in den vergangenen Jahren kontinuierlich weiterentwickelt. Im Rahmen eines DFG-Transferprojekts wurde die Seilendverbindung nun für Faserseile bis zu einem Seilnenndurchmesser von 50 mm zur Marktreife weiterentwickelt.
Stickstoff- und phosphormodifizierte Verbindungen für den Sol-Gelbasierten Flammschutz von Textilien
Authors: Ali Wael , Shabani Valbone , Gutmann Jochen S. , Mayer-Gall Thomas , Etemad-Parishanadeh Omid , Salma Alaa , Textor Torsten
Published: September 2021

Im IGF-Projekt Nr. 19617 N wurden stickstoff- und phosphorsubstituierte Alkoxysilane hergestellt und ihre flammhemmenden Eigenschaften für Textilien untersucht. Die Synthesen erfolgten nach unterschiedlichen Strategien wie der Klick-Chemie und der nukleophilen Substitution kommerziell erhältlicher Organophosphorverbindungen mit aminobasierten Trialkoxysilanen und/oder Cyanurchlorid. Diese neuartigen, halogen- und aldehydfreien Flammschutzmittel wurden auf Stoffe aus Baumwolle (BW), Polyethylenterephthalat (PET), Polyamid (PA), sowie Mischgeweben daraus mit der industriell etablierten Pad-Dry-Cure-Technik und mittels Sol-Gel-Verfahren aufgetragen. Die flammhemmenden Eigenschaften wurden mit den Prüfverfahren nach EN ISO 15025 (Schutzkleidung – Schutz gegen Hitze und Flammprüfverfahren für begrenzte Flammenausbreitung) bewertet. Eine gute Schwerentflammbarkeit der hybriden organisch-anorganischen Materialien wurde bei einer geringen Menge von 3-5 Gew.-% auf Baumwollgeweben erreicht. Darüber hinaus konnten die Wasserlöslichkeit und die Waschbeständigkeit durch die an das Phosphoratom gebundenen funktionellen Gruppen und durch die Optimierung der Härtungstemperatur kontrolliert werden. Insgesamt zeigte das Forschungsprojekt, dass N-P-Silane sehr gute permanente Flammschutzmittel für Textilien sind.
Kıraat İlminde Tevâtür Olgusuna Farklı Bir Yaklaşım
Authors: TÜRKMEN Ömer
Published: September 2021

İslâmî ilimler kapsamında rivayetlerin kabul edilirlik derecesini ifade etmek üzere ilim adamları tarafından çeşitli terimler kullanılmıştır. Bu terimler içinde tevâtür terimi rivayetlerin en üst düzeydeki kabul derecesini ifade etmektedir. Tevâtür meselesinin özellikle erken dönem usûl alimlerinin gündeminde olduğu görülmekle birlikte farklı ilim dallarının terminolojisinde aynı terimlere rastlamamız tabiidir. Bu terimlerin ilgili ilim dalında hangi anlamı karşıladığını tespit etmek, kavramı o alandaki çerçevesine oturtmak ve kıraatlerin mütevâtirliğinin ne ifade ettiğini ortaya çıkarmak, doğru bir anlayış açısından önemlidir. Bu sebeple İslâmî ilimlerin çeşitli dallarında görülen tevâtür teriminin kıraat ilminde ne anlam ifade ettiği bu çalışmamızda ele alınacaktır. Ayrıca hadis ve usûl âlimlerinin bu terime yükledikleri anlamla kıraat ulemâsının mütevâtir terimini anlayışları arasında hangi yönlerden farklılıklar bulunduğu üzerinde durulacaktır. Böylece kıraat ilminde kullanılan tevâtürün diğer ilim dallarında anlaşıldığı gibi bir tevâtür olmadığı ortaya konulacak ve kıraatlerle ilgili yanlış mefhumların giderilmesinde ve bu terimle ilgili bir anlam kaymasının önlenmesinde çalışmamızın kıraat ilmi alanına katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
МАҚТА ДАҚЫЛЫН ЗИЯНКЕСТЕРДЕН БИОЛОГИЯЛЫҚ ӘДІСПЕН ҚОРҒАУ МӘСЕЛЕЛЕРІ
Authors: Сaрманова Р.С.  , Мизам Н.М
Published: September 2021

Мақтаның өнімділігін, сапасын жоғарылатудың маңызды шаралардың бірі – оны мақта зиянкестерінен тиімді қорғау болып табылады. Қазіргі кезде қолайсыз ауа райы жағдайы, арамшөптер мен аурулар, сонымен қатар көптеген сорғыш және кеміргіш зиянкестер, әсіресе мақта көбелегі (Helicoverpa armigera Hubn.) зиянкесі дақылдың өнімділігіне айтарлықтай кері әсерін тигізуде. Сонымен қатар, химиялық препараттарды қолданудан зиянкестермен бірге олардың табиғи энтомофагтарының жойылуынан, зиянкестің келесі кезектегі ұрпағының саны күрт артуы байқалуда, бұл, өз кезегінде, химиялық қорғау шараларын бірнеше рет жүргізуге әкеледі. Бұл жағдайда зияндылығы жағынанкейінгі дәрежелі зиянкестер табиғи жауының жойылуынан негізгі зиянкеске айналуда. Қазіргі уақытта мақта алқаптарында өсімдікті қорғаудың химиялықәдісінен бөлек, ішінара биологиялық әдіс те кең ауқымда қолданыла бастады. Оның тиімділігі көптеген факторға байланысты. Энтомофагтарды өсіру бойынша жұмыстардың алдағы бағытын анықтау үшін биоәдіс тиімділігінің мөлшерін анықтау қажет [1].
КУСТАРНАЯ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОСТЬ КАЗАХСТАНА В УСЛОВИЯХ СОВЕТСКОГО ОПЫТА ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ МОДЕРНИЗАЦИИ (1920-1930-е гг.)
Authors: Жуман Г.Ж.  , Джуманалиева Л.Т.
Published: September 2021

В статье на основе архивных источникованализируютсяосновныетенденции и особенности развития кустарной промышленности Казахстана в условиях советского опыта экономическоймодернизации.Авторы статьи освещают процесс кооперирования кустарной промышленности, подчеркивают роль и значение кустарных производств не только в восстановлении народного хозяйства республики, но также и в удовлетворении потребительских нужд населения. На основе критического анализа архивных источников рассмотрены причины недостаточного финансирования кустарной промышленности. Авторыприводят к выводу о том, что деформация отраслевой структуры экономики Казахстана, а также отсутствие стратегического планирования развития отраслей промышленности в регионах страны предопределило судьбу кустарной промышленности. Методология исследования строится на концепциях отечественных представителей национальной интеллигенции периода 1920-1930-х гг., в частности, Т. Рыскулова, М. Шокая, Ж. Султанбекова о положении кустарной промышленности в исследуемый период. Источниковую базу составили материалы из фондов Российского Государственного архива Экономики (РГАЭ) г. Москва, Государственного архива Российской Федерации (ГАРФ) г. Москва, Архива Президента Республики Казахстан (АП РК), Центрального Государственного архива (ЦГА) г. Алматы, а также архивные источники из фондов Государственного архива Жамбылской области (ГАЖО), г. Тараз.
ҒЫЛЫМИ-БІЛІМ БЕРУ ҚЫЗМЕТІН ҚОЛДАЙТЫН ТАРАТЫЛҒАН АҚПАРАТТЫҚ ЖҮЙЕЛЕРГЕ ҚОЙЫЛАТЫН ТАЛАПТАРДЫ ҚАЛЫПТАСТЫРУ
Authors: Серикбаева С.К.  , Тусупов Д.А.  , Самбетбаева М.А
Published: September 2021

Ғылыми зерттеулердің тиімділігін арттыру барысында ғылыми жұмыстардың жүйеленген ақпараттық ресурстарға қол жеткізу қажет. Сондықтан кез келген ғылыми салада, зерттеу жұмыстарынан, ғылымиақпараттарды іздеуден басталады, бірақ ғылыми мақалалар, кітаптар, монографиялар, патенттердің санының өсуіне қарай, ақпаратты іздеу жұмыстары қиынға түсуде. Ғалымдар өзге ғылыми зерттеулердіңнәтижелерімен тез танысуға және олардың қайталануын болдырмауға мүмкіндік беретін бірыңғай ақпарттық жүйені құру. Мақалада ғылыми-білімберу қызметін қолдайтын таратылған ақпараттық жүйенің технологиялық әдістері қарастырылған. Ғылыми-білім беру қызметін қолдайтын таратылғанақпараттық жүйенің моделін құрудың негізі тапсырмалары, модельдің функционалдық қызметін қамтамасыз етілуі, осы жүйеге арналған метадеректертүсінігі және метадеректер бейініне қойылатын талаптар сипатталған. Ғылыми- білім беру қызметін қолдайтын таратылған ақпараттық жүйенің он екіталаптарын жүйелендіре отырып, оларға сипаттама берілді. Ұсынылған талаптар негізінде ғылыми-білім беру қызметін қолдайтын таратылған ақпараттық жүйесінің архитектурасы әзірленіп, құрылымы сипатталды.
ЭКОЛОГИЯЛЫҚ МӘСЕЛЕНІҢ ШЕШІМІН БОЛЖАУ ҮШІН ИЕРАРХИЯНЫ ТАЛДАУ ӘДІСІН ҚОЛДАНУ
Authors: Муханова А.А.  , Жауханова Л.А
Published: September 2021

Мақала Каспийдің жағалау маңы аймағындағы топырақ күйіне экологиялық мониторинг жүргізу мақсатында, иерархияны талдау әдісі бойынша жүзеге асырылады.Каспий теңізі - әлемдегі экономикалық маңызы бар ең ірі тұйық, су алабы. Каспийдің экологиялық жағдайы соңғы жылдары су деңгейінің көтерілуімен байланысты. Мұнай кен орындарында су жағаға көтерілгенде, теңізге оралып, өзімен бірге ауыр металдар мен мұнай өнімдерін шайып алып кетеді де теңіз суын ластайды. Сондықтан, Каспийдің теңізінің жағалау маңы аймағындағы топырақтардың, физикалық-химиялық қасиеттері, топырақтардағы ауыр металдардың мөлшерлер күйі экологтар көмегімен болжанып,Каспийдің жағалау маңы аймағындағы топырақтың ластануына әсер ететін критерийлер іріктеліп, эксперттер көмегімен негізгі жұмыс бағаланды.Келесі кезекте иерархиядағы элементтердіңбасымдықтарын сызықтық жинақтау арқылы альтернативғаламдық басымдықтарды синтездеу.Жұмыс нәтижесінде, топырақтың қай критерий бойынша ластанғаны анықталып, алдағы бір жылдың ішінде топырақтың ластануына қай крийтеридің әсері көп екендігіне болжам жасалынды.Алынған нәтижелер негізінде шешім қабылданды.
ИДЕНТИФИКАЦИЯ ГЕНОВ ПШЕНИЦЫ, ОБУСЛАВЛИВАЮЩИХ УСТОЙЧИВОСТЬ ПО ОТНОШЕНИЮ К ПАТОГЕННЫМ ГРИБАМ
Authors: Абдуллоев Ф.М.  , Швидченко В.К.  , Киян В.С.
Published: September 2021

Автор статьи на основе собственно проведенных исследований доказывает, что наличие генов устойчивости пшеницы к патогенным грибамявляется ключевым фактором для использования в селекционной работе. В статье представлены результаты идентификации генов пшеницы Sr32, Bt9 иBt10 отвечающих за устойчивость к патогенным грибам, вызывающим заболевания стеблевой ржавчины, а также твердой головни. По результатамисследования были выявлены сорта, несущие как положительный, так и отрицательный результат на наличие генов устойчивости, исходя из которыхможно сделать вывод об эффективности дальнейшего применение данных сортов в селекции. Были обнаружены 8 сортов, а также гибридов пшеницы:Норман, Байтерек, Байтерек-Персикум, Лавина, Квадро-Пиротрикс, Пиротрикс, Амиго, Акмола, которые содержат все три гена устойчивости: Sr32, Bt9 и Bt10, обеспечивающие проявление резистентности растения по отношению к таким заболеваниям, как стеблевая ржавчина и твердая головня. Данные сорта могут быть рекомендованы для дальнейшей селекции, а также высаживания сельскими хозяйствами Республики Казахстан. Идентификацию генов устойчивости проводили молекулярно-генетическим методом, ПЦР на основе генных участков и подбора к ним специфических праймеров.