bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alpha 2-Macroglobulin Polymorphisms and Susceptibility to Alzheimer’s Disease: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Based on 62 Studies
Authors: Zhang Hongwei , Liu Da , Duan Yuanyuan , Liu Yan , Liu Jianyu , Bai Na , Zhou Qiang , Xu Zhiyao , Li Linyan , Liu Hua
Published: December 2023

Background:

The relationship between alpha 2-macroglobulin (A2M) gene and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been widely studied across populations; however, the results are inconsistent.

Objective:

This study aimed to evaluate the association of A2M gene with AD by the application of meta-analysis.

Methods:

Relevant studies were identified by comprehensive searches. The quality of each study was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Allele and genotype frequencies were extracted from each of the included studies. Odds ratio (OR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) was calculated using a random-effects or fixed-effects model. The Cochran Q statistic and I2 metric was used to evaluate heterogeneity, and Egger’s test and Funnel plot were used to assess publication bias.

Results:

A total of 62 studies were identified and included in the current meta-analysis. The G allele of rs226380 reduced AD risk (OR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.47–0.87, pFDR = 0.012), but carrier with the TT genotype was more likely to develop AD in Asian populations (OR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.12–2.19, pFDR = 0.0135). The V allele of the A2M-I/V (rs669) increased susceptibility to AD in female population (OR, 95% CI: 2.15, 1.38–3.35, pFDR = 0.0024); however, the II genotype could be a protective factor in these populations (OR, 95% CI: 0.43, 0.26–0.73, pFDR = 0.003). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the reliability of the original results.

Conclusions:

Existing evidence indicate that A2M single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may be associated with AD risk in sub-populations. Future studies with larger sample sizes will be necessary to confirm the results.
Combining Tools and Actors for a Better Enforcement: A Case of the 2015 Paris Agreement on Climate Change+
Authors: Hautereau-Boutonnet Mathilde , Maljean-Dubois Sandrine
Published: December 2023

The Paris Climate Agreement can be seen as illustrating the evolution of how legal norms are enforced in international law. While the Agreement benefits from a carefully thought-out enforcement mechanism in the international legal order, with techniques that encourage compliance rather than sanction non-compliance, its enforcement is also supported by domestic legal orders. Indeed, the Paris Agreement benefits from both hard and soft enforcement mechanisms. Here, all techniques and all actors have a role to play. This contribution shows that in order to discern the enforcement mechanisms attached to a legal instrument, it is sometimes necessary to take a global and complex look at all legal orders, techniques and actors, since they can act in a complementary manner.
Nephrotoxicity Associated with Contemporary Renal Cell Carcinoma Regimens: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Dukkipati Akasha , Li Xiaochen , Pal Sumanta K. , Zugman Miguel
Published: December 2023

Background:

The nephrotoxicity profile of contemporary first-line regimens for treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) has not been systematically studied in published clinical trials.

Objective:

To assess the rates of nephrotoxic events of contemporary first-line regimens for treatment of mRCC in comparison to vascular endothelial growth factor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (VEGF-TKI) mono-therapy.

Methods:

We performed a systematic search of the literature looking for randomized clinical trials that contemplated National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) recommended first-line regimens for treating mRCC in which the control arm was a VEGF-TKI. Selected trials could either include an experimental arm of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) plus VEGF-TKI combination or ICI-ICI combination. Nephrotoxic events were defined as proteinuria, hypertension, blood creatinine increase, acute kidney failure or nephritis, which were all described separately.

Results:

Five studies satisfied our inclusion criteria. Combination of ICI with VEGF-TKI showed a statistically significant higher degree of proteinuria compared to VEGF-TKI alone. There was no statistically significant difference in rates of hypertension between ICI-TKI and VEGF-TKI alone, but VEGF-TKI alone was statistically significantly more associated with hypertension than immunotherapy alone. Other renal toxicities, such as an increase in creatinine, acute kidney injury (AKI) and nephritis, were uncommon and not consistently reported in each trial.

Conclusions:

Contemporary regimens for first-line treatment of mRCC are associated with a higher grade of proteinuria than VEGF-TKI alone, while VEGF-TKI is more associated with hypertension than an ICI-ICI combination. Description of many renal toxicities across the studies reported have been diverse and a standardized definition across clinical trials would be helpful to reliably interpret the data regarding nephrotoxicity in the setting of treatment of renal cell carcinoma.
Preliminary assessment of a standardized vision screening guideline in a pediatric inpatient rehabilitation unit
Authors: Wentz Jordan R. , Wentz Erin E. , Pierce Samuel R.
Published: December 2023

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a standardized vision screen guideline on occupational therapy vision screens in a pediatric inpatient rehabilitation unit. METHODS: Charts of patients admitted to a pediatric inpatient rehabilitation before guideline implementation (n = 47) versus charts after implementation (n = 47) were randomly, retrospectively reviewed to explore differences in visual skills screened and use of standardized assessments. RESULTS: Significant improvements (p < = 0.05) were found in the number of visual skills screened (p = 0.034), use of standardized assessments (p = 0.005), and screening of the specific visual skills of accommodative amplitude (p = 0.05), suppression (p = 0.015), and double vision (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Implementation of a standardized vision screen guideline improved the frequency of vision screens during occupational therapy evaluations in a pediatric inpatient rehabilitation unit. The use of standardized assessments may also improve the quality of vision screens by encouraging staff to complete more comprehensive vision screens, including screening more visual skills, and by prompting use of standardized assessments, which can improve accuracy of screening procedures.
BEARING CAPACITY OF A BEAM DAMAGED DURING COMBAT ACTIONS STRENGTHENED WITH THE USE OF FIBER CONCRETE
Authors: Surianinov Mykola , Neutov Stepan , Yesvandzhyia Vakhtanh
Published: December 2023

The paper presents the results of a study of the load-bearing capacity of a beam damaged during hostilities, which was reinforced with steel-reinforced concrete. A beam with 20 percent damage in the compression zone is considered. Before concreting, a foam insert was installed in the area of the planned damage, the shape and dimensions of which corresponded to the planned damage. After the concrete was set to 70% grade strength, the liner was pulled out, and the resulting cavity was filled with a 2% mixture of fiber concrete. This is one of the beam strengthening options in a comprehensive damaged beam testing program, which involves the study of a series of beams with different types of damage, varying damage zone (tensile and compression) and its magnitude, geometry and method of strengthening. The authors developed a special stand for testing. The load-bearing capacity of the damaged beam reinforced with fiber concrete was 80.6 kN, or 89.5% of the load-bearing capacity of the intact beam. Cracking started at the 4th load stage, when the load value was 16.1 kN, or 20% of the bearing capacity of the damaged beam. At the same time, 10 cracks formed in the zone of pure bending, the opening width of which did not exceed half the price of the microscope division, which is 0.005 mm. At the next eight stages of loading (up to 48.4kN), no new cracks were observed, and the width of the opening of all the ones that had previously formed doubled - it reached 0.01mm. At the 12th, 13th and 19th stages of loading, 4 more cracks appeared. The maximum final crack opening width was 1.2 mm. Up to a load of 68.5kN, which is 85% of the load-bearing capacity of the damaged beam, the reinforced concrete liner works with the beam almost as a unit, and then the compressed zone of concrete squeezes out the liner. It is claimed that the strengthening of a beam with 20% damage in the compressed zone in the manner considered in the work allows to achieve its bearing capacity, which is almost 90% of the bearing capacity of an undamaged beam.
PECULIARITIES OF CADASTRAL WORKS IN RESPECT OF LAND PLOTS OCCUPIED BY WATERLOGGED QUARRIES
Authors: Kulikovska Olha , Kolodiy Pavlo , Stupen Roman
Published: December 2023

The article focuses on the characterization of waterlogged quarries: their emergence, functioning and legal aspects of use; the issues of state registration of land plots occupied by waterlogged quarries are considered. The article substantiates the composition of cadastral works required for registration of a real estate object with the State cadastral register, and reviews the methods and regulatory requirements for the accuracy of determining the boundaries of land plots. It is recommended to carry out cadastral works taking into account and controlling the ecological and sanitary-epidemiological condition of a waterlogged quarry, which will provide the necessary information to public authorities, local self-government bodies, individuals and legal entities in the course of regulation and management of land relations for the organization of rational use and protection of land plots occupied by waterlogged quarries.
REVITALIZATION OF URBAN AREAS IN THE LIGHT OF SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
Authors: Ivashko Yulia , Ivashko Oleksandr , Dmytrenko Andrii
Published: December 2023

The article is devoted to the problems of revitalization of the territories of large cities of Ukraine and the analysis of foreign experience that can be used. The authors emphasize the following problems: revitalization of the territories of former industrial enterprises, the positive aspects of such measures for solving social problems and the ecology of cities, the analysis of the territories of mass construction in the 1960s from the point of view of the problems that arise, and the assessment of the quality of living in them according to various indicators. The Pershotravnevyi residential area in Kyiv was taken as such an analyzed site. The purpose of the study is to analyze the aspect of revitalization of urban areas in the light of social and environmental problems, the existing experience and provide certain theoretical proposals based on field surveys of industrial areas and residential areas.
DEMOCRATIC VALUES AND CHRISTIANITY
Authors: Yevdokimova Tetyana , Sharypin Andrey
Published: December 2023

The system of democratic rights and freedoms is most often associated with secularization, the liberation of society and the state from the influence of the church, but the valuable basis of democracy, fundamental freedoms, including freedom of conscience and religion, have their foundation in religion, in particular, Christianity. The main directions of modern democracy emphasize the spiritual basis of their ideologies. The famous German philosopher and sociologist Y. Habermas emphasizes that such ideas as the protection of human rights, democracy, and freedom come from the Jewish ethics of justice and the Christian ethics of love. At the same time, secularization has not completely coped with the task of legitimizing the social order and needs help from religious spirituality, which has become clear in the post-secular era of modernity. 

On the other hand, the realization of the rights and freedoms of believers is ensured by the legal basis of democracy. The state of democracy in modern society is also connected with the representation of systems of independent associations of sovereign individuals and freely established connections between them - civil society. Church communities and various social and church associations have a significant presence in this society. The problems of civil society formation are echoed in the doctrine of subsidiarity and solidarity of Christian social teaching. Liberalism, liberal democracy, is primarily a question of freedom. The impetus for freedom of religion, as proven by many researchers, came from Protestant sects. M. Weber determined that religion can act as one of the factors of social dynamics, and that the Reformation and Protestantism contributed to the awakening of the spirit of entrepreneurship and laid the foundations of a market economy.

The article is devoted the influence of Christianity on the formation of the value foundations of democracy, the formation of a system of democratic rights, freedoms and civil society. The theoretical justification of Christian and liberal democracy is analyzed, as well as the influence of the established norms and freedoms of a democratic society on the emergence of Christian social teaching, changing the image of the church in the modern world, and on the spiritual definition of citizens as a whole.
FEATURES OF URBAN REVITALIZATION RIVER TERRITORIES
Authors: Panchenko Tamara , Holub Andrii
Published: December 2023

The article analyzes the problems of urban development and revitalization of riverside areas. It is proposed to expand the conceptual and terminological base of water legislation with the additional use of concepts from other fields of knowledge: water urbanism; water territories (land of the water fund); hydropower; coastal areas; "contact zone" of riparian coastal water territories; riverside recreation system; riverside tourism system. Complex revitalization of river valleys with a high level of urbanization involves an ecosystem approach, among which modern urban planning solutions of spatial development are leading. This becomes especially relevant against the background of climatic changes, which are gaining catastrophic dynamics in urbanized areas. This problem is highlighted in a number of international documents dedicated to the management of riverine territories and climate change problems: the Stockholm Declaration on the Environment (1972), the World Charter for Nature (1982), the Aalborg Charter "European Cities on the Road to Sustainable Development" (1994), 40th IFLA Congress on "Development of Aquatic and Coastal Ecosystems" in Calgary (2003); the 41st Congress in Taiwan (2004), as well as the "Landscape in a Changing World" program (2010), the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, UNFCCC Paris (2015), "Habitat III Declarations" (2017 ), the sustainable development program "Rhine 2020", the UN Report "On the global development of water resources: Water and climate change" (2020).
FORMATION OF THE INDIVIDUAL IMAGE OF THE CITY OF ZAPORIZHZHIA BY MEANS OF CULTURAL LANDSCAPE
Authors: Ryzhova Iryna , Pavlenko Tetiana , Severin Kateryna
Published: December 2023

This study examines the problems and prospects of the concept of cultural landscape design in the formation of an individual image of the city of Zaporizhzhia. In the process of identifying the features of the individual image of the city of Zaporizhzhia, a pre-project analysis of the state of the formed image was carried out. Through the study of its landscape areas and their research regarding potential development, urban recreational facilities such as parks, boulevards, fragments of gardens at public centers, landscaped adjacent areas, urban landscaped areas with a size of no more than 0.2 - 1 ha are taken into account, and as well as urban open spaces at the intersection of the main transport and pedestrian routes, in particular in the historical buildings of the city. As a result, the main problems were identified and the main directions of the development of greening of the urban environment were determined.

In general, green areas of the city have a number of shortcomings of a systemic nature without a single stylistic and compositional approach. There are not enough green recreation areas in the central part. Therefore, the creation of a single landscaping system with its own design code and interconnected cultural landscape is possible when implementing the following proposals:

1) Development of the city-wide concept of forming an individual image of the city of Zaporizhia by means of the cultural landscape.

2) Development of a city-wide program for the organization of the city's green framework, taking into account the city-wide concept of forming an individual image of the city of Zaporizhia by means of the cultural landscape. 

3) Development of a city-wide concept for the development of the coastal areas of the city of Zaporizhia, taking into account the city-wide program for the organization of the city's green framework and the city-wide concept of forming an individual image of the city of Zaporizhia by means of the cultural landscape.
Impact of My Plate-Based Education on Nutrition Knowledge of Elementary School Students in Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Abbas Zahra , Jamil Aiman , Ayaz Syeda Laraib , Ikhlaq Ifza , Noor Madiha , Tanweer Afifa
Published: December 2023

An interventional study was conducted to enhance the knowledge of school going children of seventh grade. School age is the best age to provide nutrition knowledge because at this age eating habits are being developed. Nutrition education is an approachable and effective tool for healthy living. Nutrition knowledge helps students to become aware of healthy choices and also helps to prevent the onset of different diseases. ‘My Plate’ is a tool that is used to provide knowledge to students. Every food group on My Plate has equal importance and health benefits. In this research, a self-made questionnaire was used and the knowledge of students about food groups was assessed using SPSS. The results indicated a major difference between pre-test and post-test knowledge. In introduction, knowledge student’s knowledge increased from 4% to 76.7%. Regarding grains, group knowledge increased from 25.3% to 72.6%. Regarding fruits and vegetables and proteins, student knowledge increased up to 97.3% and 90.4%, respectively. Regarding dairy products, group knowledge increased up to 84.9%.
Phytoextraction and Stabilization of Lead in Contaminated Soils using Plants
Authors: Mazhar Sumaira , Tabbasum Iqra
Published: December 2023

Lead is a toxic heavy metal contaminant that poses a serious threat to human health. It is present everywhere in the environment including agricultural, industrial and residential areas. To remediate lead from the contaminated soil, phytoremediation approaches are used. Phytoextraction and Phytostabilization are methods of phytoremediation which has been successfully used to remediate lead contaminant from the soil. Phytoextraction involves the use of hyperaccumulators; to accumulate lead contaminant within the shoots by using the uptake mechanism. Whereas, Phytostabilization involves the stabilization or maintenance of lead in the rhizosphere of the soil to reduce its harmful impact on the environment. Lead phytoextraction could be enhanced by adding chelating agents, such as EDTA, to increase the bioavailability of lead contaminant in the plants. Lead phytostabilization is an effective method to remediate lead contaminant. This method tolerates lead exposure and prevents it in or around the root zone which can restrict the movement of lead into other plants, avoiding resuspended dust and mitigating lead exposure. These approaches are cost effective, simple; ecofriendly and do not require a huge amount of labour.
Variation in Hyperbilirubinemia Levels of Male and Female Newborns in Physiological Jaundice: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Chaudhry Ahmed Shabbir , Shehzad Muhammad Naeem , Akhktar Maryum , Fareed Muhammad Subaan , Adrees Usman , Khan Muhammad Daood , Chaudary Hassan Shabbir , Rubab Zoha , Saleem Hafiz Ghulam Murtaza
Published: December 2023

Physiological jaundice is the most common condition that requires medical attention and hospital readmission of neonates. About 60% of term and 80% of preterm babies develop jaundice in the first week of life. Furthermore, about 10% of breastfed babies stay with jaundice until the age of 1 month. In the current study, a total of 139 neonates were evaluated for physiological jaundice in which 89 (64%) were male neonates and 50 (36%) were female neonates. Blood samples were collected under aseptic conditions. All samples were performed on Roche/Hitachi COBASc, based on the spectrophotometric technique. The mean SD (15.867±5.57) was calculated for the total, direct, and indirect bilirubin in neonates who were divided into 3 groups based on the number of days, that is, 1-2, 3-5, and 6-22 days, respectively. For indirect bilirubin in the age group of 1-2, ±SD was 13.80±5.41 in males, whereas it was ±10.40 in females, while the p-value < 0.01 was significant. Hyperbilirubinemia is associated with bilirubin due to a higher mass of red blood cells. It was found that the total, direct, and indirect bilirubin significantly increased in the 1st to 5th day of life after birth with male neonates being more vulnerable to pathological jaundice as compared to female neonates.
Visualizing the Mind: A Deep Dive into Computer Vision and Psychological Phenomena
Authors: K Hemachandran , Rodriguez Raul V.
Published: December 2023

Discover how the dynamic combination of psychology and computer vision is changing our perception of how people think. This innovative partnership offers deep insights into the nuances of human perception and emotion in addition to technological breakthroughs. Discover the revolutionary potential of computer vision as it unravels the intricacies of images, offering a wealth of insights into human thought and feeling. Examine as Computer Vision evolves to mimic the complex mechanisms of human vision, from pixels to meaningful interpretation. This multidisciplinary investigation opens up new vistas, offering improved technology as well as a deeper comprehension of the psychological fabric that makes each of us unique.
Exposing the Woke Lie Called Microaggressions for What It Is
Authors: Lissack Michael
Published: December 2023

In the commentary “Exposing the Woke Lie Called Microaggressions for What It Is,” the author argues against the validity of the concept of microaggressions. The author contends that the notion places an impossible demand on people to attend to a vast number of perceptual details in social interactions due to inherent cognitive limitations. The commentary critiques the idea that subtle behaviors should be labeled as aggressions given typical lack of harmful intent. The author further states that taking offense at microaggressions allows claiming undeserved victimhood and making unreasonable demands of others. Overall, the commentary makes the case that the microaggression concept divides people and should be ended.
Implementation of the Adult Oncology Unit at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH)
Authors: Nyagabona Sarah K. , Shayo Agnes , Kayombo Beatrice , Kimambo Edith , Kapesa Linda , Tungaraza Kheri , Muhoka Peter , Mwanakulya Deogratius , Pallangyo Charles
Published: December 2023

The escalating cancer burden, particularly in low- and middle-income countries such as Tanzania, necessitates innovative strategies. One such strategy is increasing access to cancer services through the establishment of treatment in existing referral hospitals that offer multidisciplinary care, as was the case in the opening of the adult oncology unit at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH) in Tanzania to address the burgeoning cancer crisis. A comprehensive facility assessment served as the foundation for this transformation, ensuring optimal resource allocation and effective implementation.

The rising cancer burden in Tanzania is dominated by cervical, breast, and prostate cancers. However, reported figures might underestimate the issue due to the lack of a centralized national cancer registry and limited access to diagnostic and treatment facilities throughout the country. The MNH oncology unit's creation aimed to decentralize care from the Ocean Road Cancer Institute (ORCI); as the cancer burden increased over the years, the center was getting strained by demand.

The MNH facility assessment encompassed assessments of spatial requirements for human resources, equipment, and drug availability. This unit adopts a multidisciplinary approach, enabling personalized treatment plans and collaborative decision-making, aimed at expanding capacity and promoting inter-departmental cooperation. A "train-the-trainer" model empowered nursing staff in chemotherapy administration, and pharmacist involvement ensured accurate medication management.

This initiative has substantially improved patient outcomes, with reduced wait times for oncology care initiation, facilitating seamless care coordination that capitalizes on multidisciplinary treatment planning.

The opening of the oncology unit has given benefits to MNH through fostering multidisciplinary collaboration, an increase in revenue generation, and the expansion of care that aligns with institutional goals. Nonetheless, challenges, including space constraints and an inadequate number of trained human resources for oncology care, persist.

The successful establishment of MNH's adult oncology unit exemplifies stakeholder engagement, adaptability, and the significance of collaboration. A comprehensive approach, emphasizing workforce development, community awareness, and infrastructure enhancement, offers promise in confronting Tanzania's mounting cancer burden.
Dynamic structure factors and equation of state of fluid iron under Earth’s core condition
Authors: Li Wei-Jie
Published: December 2023

The geodynamo is crucial for the activity of Earth’s outer core, which is mainly made of fluid iron. The _ab initio_ molecular dynamics were adopted on the calculations of ion-ion dynamic structure factors and the equations of states of pure iron under Earth’s core condition. The calculated static structure factors, ion-ion dynamic structure factors, and dispersion curve of pure iron were consistent with the reported _in situ_ x-ray diffraction and inelastic x-ray scattering measurements. A multivariate polynomial method based on the ab initio calculated pressure-volume-temperature data was proposed in the formulation of the equations of states with high accuracy, by which the pressure and temperature dependent thermoelastic properties can be directly calculated by definitions. From the isentropic profiles in the Earth’s outer core, the iron exhibited about 10% higher density, 7% lower sound velocity, and an almost identical adiabatic bulk modulus when compared to the preliminary reference Earth model. The adiabatic sound velocities calculated by dynamic structure factors and the equations of states methods were physically equivalent. However, the sound velocity of iron calculated by the fitted equation of state is about 5% lower than that by the dynamic structure factors method.
СУТНІСТЬ , ЗМІСТ І СТРУКТУРА ГЕНДЕРНОЇ КУЛЬТУРИ МАЙБУТНІХ ОФІЦЕРІВ-ПРИКОРДОННИКІВ
Authors: КУСЯК Людмила
Published: December 2023

Статтю присвячено теоретичним засадам формування гендерної культури майбутніх офіцерів-прикордонників. Авторкою проведено аналіз сучасних наукових джерел, які дали змогу дослідити сутність, зміст та структуру гендерної культури. У статті досліджено різноманітні підходи до розуміння понять “гендер”, “культура”, “гендерна культура” та запропоновано власне трактування гендерної культури майбутніх офіцерів-прикордонників. Досліджуваний феномен було представлено як систему професійно-особистісних характеристик, яка включає гендерні уявлення, знання, цінності, орієнтири, моделі поведінки, що сприяють розвитку та реалізації майбутніх офіцерів-прикордонників різної статі на рівних засадах та визначають вибір гендерної ідентичності в професійній діяльності. Результати аналізу наукових підходів до визначення компонентів гендерної культури дозволили сформувати три основні аспекти, які впливають на формування гендерної культури: теоретичний, практичний та аналітичний. З огляду на це авторкою було запропоновано структуру гендерної культури майбутніх офіцерів-прикордонників, що складається з чотирьох взаємопов’язаних та залежних один від одного компонентів: когнітивного (знання та розуміння гендерної проблематики та соціального конструювання гендеру), ціннісного (ціннісні орієнтації та ставлення гендерної рівності), поведінкового (гендерні стереотипи, моделі поведінки, гендерні ролі) та соціального (гендерна соціалізація, гендерні відносини та гендерні інституції, які впливають на досвід та можливості майбутніх офіцерів-прикордонників у контексті реалізації політики гендерної рівності та толерантності).
PERAN PENGAWAS SEKOLAH DALAM MENDORONG KINERJA GURU DI SMKN 1 TEMBILAHAN
Authors: Purnamasari Nita , Indrawan Irjus , Suryani Suryani
Published: December 2023

Pengawasan merupakan salah satu dari fungsi manajemen. Ilmu Manajemen diperlukan agar tujuan yang hendak dicapai bisa diraih dan efisien serta efektif. Manajemen merupakan sebuah proses pemanfaatan semua sumber daya melalui bantuan orang lain dan bekerjasama dengannya, agar tujuan bersama bisa dicapai secara efektif, efesien, dan produktif. Fungsi manajemen adalah merancang, mengorganisasikan, memerintah, mengoordinasi, dan mengendalikan. Aktifitas seorang pengawas dalam melakukan kegiatan supervisi harus membuat rancangan yang matang agar hasilnya lebih baik. Karena kegiatan itu merupakan “suatu aktivitas pembinaan yang direncanakan untuk membantu para guru dan pegawai sekolah lainnya dalam melakukan pekerjaan mereka secara efektif”. Supervisi juga dimaknai sebagai “usaha memberi layanan kepada guru-guru baik secara kelompok maupun individual dalam memperbaiki pengajaran”. Penelitian kualitatif adalah penelitian yang bermaksud untuk memahami fenomena tentang apa yang dialami oleh subjek penelitian misalnya perilaku, persepsi, motivasi, tindakan dan lain-lain secara holistik dan dengan cara deskripsi dalam bentuk kata-kata dan bahasa, pada suatu konteks khusus yang alamiah dan dengan memanfaatkan berbagai metode alamiah. Hasil Penelitian ini adalah Pengawas sekolah identik dengan supervisi pendidikan yang mempunyai arti khusus yaitu membantu dan turut serta dalam usaha-usaha perbaikan dan mendorong kinerja guru yang ada di SMK N 1 Tembilahan. Pengawas Sekolah sudah mulai aktif dalam mengikuti program pengembangan diri secara konsisten, Pengawas Sekolah juga sudah menfasilitasi proses pengembangan komunitas belajar dengan cukup baik, sehingga mulai memudahkan pendidik dalam menjalankan atau mendorong kinerja nya.Kata Kunci: Pengawas, Sekolah, Kinerja, Guru.
Analysis of the park areas flora in Astana
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Berdenov Zh.G. , Nursafina A.Zh. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Inkarova Zh.I. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Dmitriev P.S. ,   Manash Kozybayev North Kazakhstan University, Asylbekov K.M. ,   Margulan Institute of Archaeology, Saginov K.M. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University
Published: December 2023

The scientific article is a comprehensive study of the flora of park areas of the city of Astana. Due to the rapid growth of urban infrastructure and the expansion of green areas, the study of flora is becoming a key aspect of the management and conservation of city ecosystems. The study includes the collection of vegetation samples in various parks and squares of Astana, as well as their systematic analysis. Methods from taxonomy, phytosociology and ecology were used to determine species diversity and composition of plant communities.The study results highlight the importance of biodiversity in Astana parks and its impact on environmental quality. Flora analysis identifies indicator species and provides information to improve the management of green spaces and conserve the city’s natural resources. The scientific article provides valuable data and recommendations for urban planning and sustainable development of the city of Astana, and serves as a basis for further research in the field of urban ecology and natural resource management.
Impact of bird migration on the spread of avian influenza in Kazakhstan
Authors:   Kazakh Scientific Research Veterinary Institute, Baikara B.T. , Saduakassova M.A. ,   Kazakh Scientific Research Veterinary Institute, Akshalova P.B. ,   Kazakh Scientific Research Veterinary Institute, Sultanov A.A. ,   Kazakh Scientific Research Veterinary Institute
Published: December 2023

Avian influenza is one of the most dangerous known diseases of poultry. Due to the complete extinction of the entire poultry population, the spread of influenza in poultry farms usually leads to significant economic losses throughout the world. Migratory birds, especially waterfowl, are a natural reservoir of the avian influenza virus. During migration, they exchange with different strains of the virus, causing antigenic drift and antigenic migration, which leads to the emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses. Their seasonal migration plays an important role in the formation of the genetic structure of the viral population. This requires constant observation of the evolution of the avian influenza virus and regular monitoring in various places to prevent new outbreaks of epizootic and epidemic diseases.
Nephrotic syndrome: ethiological factors and differential diagnosis
Authors: Moiseev S. , Bobkova I.N. , Chebotareva N. , Bulanov N.
Published: December 2023

Nephrotic syndrome (NS), characterized by proteinuria >3.5 g daily and hypoalbuminemia (± oedema and dyslipidemia) is one of the leading manifestations of various glomerular diseases, both primary and secondary (systemic autoimmune diseases, diabetes mellitus, amyloidosis, monoclonal gammapathy, malignancy, infections, drugs, etc). Kidney biopsy is usually required to establish the cause of NS in adult patients and to choose optimal treatment. In a review article, the authors discuss the most common ethiological factors of NS and its differential diagnosis.
Features of myocardial infarction with ST segment elevation in patients with non-alcoholic liver steatosis and steatohepatitis
Authors: Tretyakova V.A. , Ermilov O.V. , Alferov P.K.
Published: December 2023

To evaluate the features of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in patients with two types of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), that is, liver steatosis (LS) and steatohepatitis (SH).
ANALYSIS OF THE ACTIVITIES OF SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE ENTERPRISES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION: EXPERIENCE FOR UKRAINE
Authors:   Zaporizhzhya Polytechnic National University, Prushkivska Emilia , Pereverzieva Anna ,   Zaporizhzhia National University, Valievskyi Marko ,   Zaporizhzhya Polytechnic National University
Published: December 2023

In today’s world, the importance of the concept of social responsibility of the private sector and the growing influence of business on society is growing. Models of regulation of social responsibility of business in developed countries have been formed for many years and at the present stage they are distinguished by a high level of development. The structure of the construction of the concept of social responsibility of business in a number of countries of the European Union is particularly important and indicative from the point of view of the scientific approach. Instead, in the Ukrainian state, revolutionary changes in the system of socio-economic relations between society and enterprises began only at the end of the 20th century. This transformation took place rather chaotically, without systematic government intervention and in the absence of legislation and relevant targeted programs from the state. Most of its directions were not regulated by state institutions. Today, the Ukrainian state recognizes the social importance of social responsibility of business and the need to outline the priority aspects of its development in domestic companies, taking into account the successful example of other countries. The article examines the peculiarities of the formation and evolution of the concept of social responsibility of enterprises in the world. Characteristic features of various models of social responsibility in European countries are identified, their common and distinctive features are outlined. The peculiarities of the functioning of SVB models in global business practice are analyzed. A new classification of European models of social responsibility is proposed. The data of the successful state policy regarding SBB in the EU countries are presented. Issues related to state regulation, promotion and stimulation of the implementation of social responsibility business practices in European countries are considered. The main directions of the policy of the European Union in the field of CSB have been determined. It has been proven that in European countries, a high level of integration of socially responsible practices into the general strategy of enterprise development has been established.
DEVELOPMENT OF ORGANIZATIONAL AND INSTRUMENTAL SUPPORT FOR MARKETING MANAGEMENT OF ENTERPRISE PERFORMANCE
Authors:   National Technical University ", Pedchenko Dmytro ,   Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute"
Published: December 2023

Economic agents must develop effective marketing management strategies in today’s markets, characterized by technological innovations, fluctuating consumer behavior, and globalization. These strategies should address audience needs and integrate various business activities. This approach optimizes strategies and enhances brand value. The effectiveness of this management approach can be ensured only through the harmonized development of both its organizational and instrumental infrastructure. The article aims to substantiate the theoretical and methodological foundations for developing organizational and instrumental support for marketing management of enterprise activity efficiency. The author’s hypothesis emerged as a synthesis of the development of marketing management with the implementation of principles inherent in the business performance management concept. The subject area of marketing management within the enterprise has been structured. A formalized description of the marketing management system for effectiveness was developed and implemented through its representation as an assemblage of tuples. The necessity of considering various types of effectiveness within the framework of marketing management, such as financial, operational, innovative, environmental, social, and production efficiencies, has been demonstrated. The peculiarities of subordinating the components of organizational support to specific instruments for supporting activity effectiveness within the selected form of marketing management were examined. In the context of developing the instrumental support for marketing management efficiency, the management functions have been correlated with classes of marketing management tools. An effectiveness indicator has been assigned to each function. Special consideration has been given to the digital marketing instruments. The task of applying functional-cost analysis to optimize the tools for implementing marketing management functions was formulated and undertaken. During the functional-cost analysis, an evaluation of the selected tools takes place, the effectiveness of their combination is calculated, and their correlation with the introduced types of effectiveness is investigated.
EXCHANGE POLICY DYNAMICS OF THE NATIONAL BANK OF UKRAINE IN WAR CONDITIONS AND THE CURRENT EXCHANGE RATE STRATEGY
Authors:   West Ukrainian National University, Horvat Tetiana , Ihnatko Mariia ,   Augustine Voloshyn Carpathian University, Mytrovka Yevhen ,   Augustine Voloshyn Carpathian University
Published: December 2023

The article is devoted to the analysis of the measures of the exchange rate policy of the National Bank of Ukraine regarding the optimal order of formation of the exchange rate, which have been taken since the beginning of the full-scale war and the justification of the reasons and feasibility of the transition to the regime of managed flexibility of the exchange rate as an actual and most optimal concept of exchange rate formation. The relevance of the research is beyond doubt, because the choice of a successful strategy for the formation of currency rates using effective traditional and innovative tools will allow balancing the currency market, ensuring financial security and general economic development. The research methods used in the work are: analytical method, graphical method, methods of comparison and detailing. Basic theoretical aspects of the essence of foreign exchange policy have been highlighted, its object, subjects and key tasks have been defined. Operational actions of the National Bank of Ukraine to prevent the rapid depreciation of the national currency due to the impact of the war have been determined, the first of which was the immediate transition to a fixed exchange rate regime, with the aim of adapting to difficult conditions, avoiding panic, ensuring the stable operation of the financial system, curbing inflation and maintaining macroeconomic stability In addition to the fixed exchange rate, directive currency restrictions have been established, including: restrictions on the operation of the foreign exchange market, restrictions on the issuance of cash in the national currency, a ban on the issuance of cash in foreign currency, and others. The advantages of the fixed exchange rate policy, as a temporary stabilization tool, as well as the disadvantages of its long-term use, which put pressure on the economy and are a threat to the state’s financial system, have been analyzed. The advantages, rationality, and prerequisites for introducing the system of managed exchange rate flexibility by the National Bank of Ukraine as a transitional stage before returning to the regime of currency exchange rate formation that operated before the start of a full-scale war, namely: a floating exchange rate and inflation targeting, have been argued.
ESSENCE OF THE SAVING BEHAVIOR AND ITS ROLE IN FORMATION OF THE ECONOMIC BEHAVIOR OF HOUSEHOLDS
Authors:   HEI ", Lozychenko Oleksandr ,   Academician Yuriy Bugay International Scientific and Technical University"
Published: December 2023

The economic behavior of households plays an important role in the development of the country’s economy, is formed due to the impact of a significant number of factors, and produces the factors that determine further functioning of the national economy. These economic entities are important and integral economic institutions, and therefore the issues of the effective use of their economic potential are extremely relevant for further development of the sectors and spheres of the country’s economy without exception. Households play the most important role in the processes of consumption, offer formation for labor forces and development of the financial system of the country, especially its individual subsystem – the financial market. The model of the economic behavior formed by them quite often determines stability of the country’s economic behavior. The purpose of the article is to deepen theoretical provision of formation and transformation of the economic behavior of households, clarify the main components of such behavior, specify the content, determine the role of the saving behavior in the economic behavior model of households. In the article, the essence of the economic behavior of households is considered in detail (the following components are highlighted, namely: profit, consumption, entrepreneurship, labor, charity, innovation and financial), its role in formation of the saving behavior of households is specified. Considerable attention is also paid to specifying the essence of the saving behavior of households, which is implemented based on the analysis of the content of the definition "savings" and studying the features of formation of household savings in open system of the national economy. As a result, it is proposed to consider the saving behavior as a set of actions, managerial decisions that are related to the disposal of the personal financial resources and consist in the part of such resources withdrawn by these entities form the consumption process to store them for future use or to provide them to other business entities in order to obtain the additional income. The analysis of the proposed interpretation of the essence of the saving behavior of households allowed us to identify the specific features of such behavior, to justify its difference from the deposit behavior of these economic entities.
A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE DAIRY INDUSTRY IN UKRAINE
Authors:   Vinnytsia College of the National University of Food Technologies, Rozhko Zoya , Strus Ludmila ,   Vinnytsia College of the National University of Food Technologies, Chesnik Natalіya ,   Vinnytsia College of the National University of Food Technologies
Published: December 2023

The article analyses the production and pricing dynamics of dairy products on the global and Ukrainian markets. It presents a balance of milk and dairy products in Ukraine, describes the chemical properties of milk, and its impact on the human body. Additionally, it lists the main products of the industry. The paper analyses milk production worldwide by animal species, examines the number of cows by farm category, describes the dynamics of dairy exports, identifies the main factors influencing the growth of milk production, analyses the main shortcomings of dairy production during the war, and suggests strategies to overcome the crisis. The research identifies the main products of the industry on the world stock exchange, analyses the structure of dairy products sold globally, and calculates the average annual milk yield per cow on farms of all categories.