bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La regulación de la libertad de prensa (1863-1867)
Authors: Coudart Laurence
Published: May 2017

Los principales objetivos de este ensayo son analizar la legislación en materia de prensa durante la Intervención francesa y el Segundo Imperio mexicano, reglamentación con frecuencia desconocida por la historiografía, así como establecer su vigencia normativa. Su ambición se limita a la reconstrucción de los orígenes, las originalidades, los mecanismos y la evolución de las leyes de imprenta durante el periodo. El conjunto permite observar las concepciones restrictivas de la clase política mexicana y su disposición, desde mediados del siglo XIX, a recurrir a una normatividad prohibitiva y represiva, autoritaria y centralizadora. Asimismo, revela hasta donde las lógicas de la censura y los reglamentos imperiales no son inéditos, ni abruptas importaciones extranjeras, sino, más bien, expresiones de una duradera voluntad de control gubernativo respecto de la prensa periódica.
Applying Artificial Neural Networks to Monitor Deposition Rate of Roll-to-roll Sputtering System in Real Time
Authors: Chen Jiun-Shen , Wub Tzong-Daw
Published: May 2017

A back propagation neural network (BPNN) is applied to determine the deposition rate of a roll-to-roll magnetron sputtering system in real time. Because the transmittance spectra of thin films are highly related to their thicknesses, the spectrum is a function of the thickness. Thus, determining deposited thickness through the functions is possible. However, these functions are not simple one-to-one functions; solving the inverse function to find thicknesses from spectra is difficult. Therefore, BPNNs are introduced to build approximate functions of spectra and output thicknesses. They are trained with various spectra which correspond to different film thicknesses, and will have abilities to estimate thicknesses of thin films. In this study, the estimation error of BPNNs was less than 0.6%. The results of low error and real-time response make BPNNs a promising method for monitoring a deposition process.
The Design of Color Detector Device for Visually Impaired People
Authors: Rivani Mochamad Bintang , Damayanti Kristiana Asih , Sadiyoko Ali
Published: May 2017

This study was conducted to create a design of color detector device that can meet the needs of people with visual impairments. In the early stages of research, interviews was held to determine the difficulties that were being faced by the visually impaired when identifying color difference. Further interviews were conducted in order to obtain their further needs to the design of a color detector device. The next thing to do was to determine the importance rating of each need that was identified. Based on the importance rating of the needs, some design concepts were generated by using some combination tables. Three design concepts are generated and concept selection was conducted by involving users and external designer. Anthropometric data was used for determining the dimensions of the selected design. The device that was designed was a color detector device with a voice output. To gain a real feedbacks from users, final prototype was then made for testing both of its function and design. A variety of electronic components, including color sensor, microcontroller, chip recorder, and speaker were used to test the function of color detector device. Meanwhile, a case design was produced by using 3D printer technology with ABS plastic materials. Based on the final prototype, a test was held to obtain the userâ€™s response on its function and design. The test results several feedbacks for future development of the product including a lighter weight, smaller size, louder voice output, more accurate color defining, and wider range of object source selection for color identification.Â
Comparison of Two Independent Samples Method Based on the Normal Distribution
Authors: Osmanaj Osman , Kamberi Lazim
Published: May 2017

In order to choose the right statistical test, when analyzing the data from an experiment, we must have at least a decent understanding of some basic statistical terms and concepts; some knowledge about few aspects related to the data we collected during the research/experiment (e.g. what types of data we have - samples, normal distribution with parameters, power of tests, how the data are organized, how many study groups (usually experimental and control at least) we have, are the samples paired or unpaired, and are the sample(s) extracted from a normally distributed/Gaussian population);a good understanding of the goal of our statistical analysis; we have to parse the entire statistical protocol in an well structured - decision tree /algorithmic manner, in order to avoid some mistakes.
The Influence of Tourism Dependency on Tourism Impact and Development Support Attitude
Authors: Hung Chiu-Hui , Wu Meen-Tsai
Published: May 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze the residents' dependence on the tourism industry, their perceptions of tourism impact, and the influence of tourism development supports attitude. This study takes Taiwan Alishan eight tribes aged over 18 indigenous people as the research object, carries on the investigation to the tribes of the proportion of households, a total of 776 valid questionnaires were collected. The effective questionnaires were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t test and one-way ANOVA, the results as follow as: 1. The tourism impacts on the tribe, with a negative impact on the environment is the highest, but also brought a positive social and culture impact. 2.The family members of the respondents did not work in the tourism industry, they are higher in the perception of tourism impact and development support attitude. Based on the above findings, this study not only provides some suggestions for the development of indigenous tribes, but also proposes the direction for the development of tourism planning.Â
In-service EFL Teacher Development for Technology Integration in Communicative Language Teaching
Authors: Kwangsawad Thooptong
Published: May 2017

In response to the challenges of ASEAN Economic Community 2015, Ministry of Education announced the latest policies to reform teaching and learning English at the basic education level adapting communicative language teaching (CLT) flexibly and appropriately to the Thai context, and using information computer technology (ICT) media as a tool to enhance teaching skills and knowledge of teachers. This article deals with the implementation and evaluation a professional development program for technology integration in CLT for 32 in-service EFL teachers from primary and secondary school levels with the foci on 1) evaluation of the in-service EFL teachers’ knowledge and skills in CLT and technology integration in CLT and, 2) the in-service EFL teachers’ experiences with participating in the program. The results show that the post- test scores of the in-service teachers’ knowledge in CLT and technology integration in CLT were significantly higher than the pre-test scores. However, their skills in CLT and technology integration in CLT were at the low level.  Almost all participants reported having positive experiences with the program.
Reflexões atuais sobre a empresa individual de responsabilidade limitada
Authors: Lana Henrique Avelino
Published: May 2017

Pretende-se de forma acadêmica, construtiva, e sem esgotar o assunto, fazer apontamentos sobre a EIRELI – Empresa Individual de Responsabilidade Limitada.  Trata-se de tema inerente ao dia a dia de quem exerce atividade empresária e está relacionado diretamente ao fomento da economia de nosso país. Objetiva-se demonstrar por meio da doutrina especializada, projeto de lei e atual previsão legal, que o regime jurídico da EIRELI é sim passível de críticas técnicas e construções acadêmicas positivas, sobretudo quanto à sua denominação, necessidade de capital social mínimo totalmente integralizado, natureza da atividade exercida, eventual titularidade por pessoa jurídica e provável possibilidade de desconsideração de sua personalidade jurídica. Metodologicamente, adotar-se-á, a forma qualitativa, mediante confronto de dispositivos legais, previsão inicial do projeto de lei e doutrina.
Legitimidade ativa do réu para propor cumprimento de sentença com base em sentenca declaratória proferida contra si
Authors: Becker Lucas Pereira , Oliveira Rafael Niebuhr Maia de
Published: May 2017

A presente pesquisa busca analisar a legitimidade ativa da parte ré para propor cumprimento de sentença declaratória proferida contra si. Para tanto, utilizou-se do método indutivo, investigando-se a legislação brasileira, bem como as posições doutrinárias e jurisprudenciais, objetivando compreender o instituto do cumprimento de sentença e execução extrajudicial, demonstrar suas diferenças, para no fim verificar que embora alguns Tribunais de Justiça ainda decidam de forma contrária, o Superior Tribunal de Justiça em nome da celeridade e economia processual vem admitindo a possibilidade de o Réu se revestir de sentença proferida contra si para exigir o pagamento de dívidas havidas em documentos particulares, por meio do rito próprio para exigência de títulos judiciais. Observa-se, porém que em nenhum precedente do STJ, analisou-se a “ratio” acerca do prejuízo que isso poderia trazer aos autores, que seria submetidos a um rito muito mais gravoso (do cumprimento de sentença) do que ocorreria caso lhes fosse manejada a execução pelo título extrajudicial.
La evaluación basada en la teoría y su aplicación a la política regional: algunas reflexiones teóricas
Authors: Díez López María Ángeles
Published: May 2017

Desde 1990, los gobiernos han puesto más énfasis en la evaluación de políticas, programas y planes regionales y locales. Sin embargo, los resultados de las evaluaciones se han utilizado escasamente y de ellos solo se pueden extraer lecciones limitadas. Como consecuencia, su capacidad para producir y facilitar la acumulación de conocimiento y aprendizaje ha sido restringida. El objetivo de este artículo es resumir los problemas y limitaciones del enfoque actual para evaluar estas políticas (principalmente estudios de valor por dinero) y explorar el potencial de nuevos enfoques, como la evaluación basada en la teoría. El enfoque basado en la teoría nos proporciona un marco que permite la estimación de los efectos de las políticas, pero al mismo tiempo, nos ayudará a comprender cómo, cuándo y por qué esta política lleva a que se produzcan los efectos observados, identificando los mecanismos de causa y efecto que están detrás de la implementación de la política. Esta información es esencial para aumentar la utilidad de la evaluación y mejorar la efectividad de las políticas regionales.
Identitas Gaya Hidup dan Budaya Konsumen dalam Mengkonsumsi Brand The Executive
Authors: Rafa'al Mubaddilah
Published: May 2017

Humans not only buy the needed goods, but also the brand. Brand goods are self-pride. Buying reputable brands creates a feeling of "more" in the user. With shopping, consumers not only consume the material value or utility value of the goods they buy, but also what the goods indicate. This research departs from J. Baudrillard's thoughts on consumption trends and cultural signs. Researchers use ads from The Executive products. This product is then not only for formal wear, but also for other types of clothing until now become a lifestyle brand.Keywords: Identity, Culture, Consumption
Effect of treatment modality on in-hospital outcome in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage: a nationwide study in Japan (J-ASPECT Study)
Authors: Kurogi Ryota , Kada Akiko , Nishimura Kunihiro , Kamitani Satoru , Nishimura Ataru , Sayama Tetsuro , Nakagawara Jyoji , Toyoda Kazunori , Ogasawara Kuniaki , Ono Junichi , Shiokawa Yoshiaki , Aruga Toru , Miyachi Shigeru , Nagata Izumi , Matsuda Shinya , Yoshimura Shinichi , Okuchi Kazuo , Suzuki Akifumi , Nakamura Fumiaki , Onozuka Daisuke , Hagihara Akihito , Iihara Koji , _ _
Published: May 2017

OBJECTIVE

Although heterogeneity in patient outcomes following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has been observed across different centers, the relative merits of clipping and coiling for SAH remain unknown. The authors sought to compare the patient outcomes between these therapeutic modalities using a large nationwide discharge database encompassing hospitals with different comprehensive stroke center (CSC) capabilities.

METHODS

They analyzed data from 5214 patients with SAH (clipping 3624, coiling 1590) who had been urgently hospitalized at 393 institutions in Japan in the period from April 2012 to March 2013. In-hospital mortality, modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score, cerebral infarction, complications, hospital length of stay, and medical costs were compared between the clipping and coiling groups after adjustment for patient-level and hospital-level characteristics by using mixed-model analysis.

RESULTS

Patients who had undergone coiling had significantly higher in-hospital mortality (12.4% vs 8.7%, OR 1.3) and a shorter median hospital stay (32.0 vs 37.0 days, p < 0.001) than those who had undergone clipping. The respective proportions of patients discharged with mRS scores of 3–6 (46.4% and 42.9%) and median medical costs (thousands US$, 35.7 and 36.7) were not significantly different between the groups. These results remained robust after further adjustment for CSC capabilities as a hospital-related covariate.

CONCLUSIONS

Despite the increasing use of coiling, clipping remains the mainstay treatment for SAH. Regardless of CSC capabilities, clipping was associated with reduced in-hospital mortality, similar unfavorable functional outcomes and medical costs, and a longer hospital stay as compared with coiling in 2012 in Japan. Further study is required to determine the influence of unmeasured confounders.
William Edward Gallie (1882–1959): father of the Gallie wiring technique for atlantoaxial arthrodesis
Authors: Dossani Rimal Hanif , Shaughnessy John , Kalakoti Piyush , Nanda Anil
Published: May 2017

William Edward Gallie (1882–1959) was a Canadian general surgeon with special expertise in orthopedic surgery. His experience with surgical management of cervical spine subluxation led him to invent a method of cervical wiring of the atlas to the axis. His method of C1–2 wiring has since been modified, but it still remains one of the three most commonly taught wiring techniques in neurosurgical training programs. Gallie is also hailed for instituting the first surgical training program in Canada, a curriculum his pupils memorialized as the “Gallie course” in surgery. In this historical vignette, the authors describe Gallie’s life and depict his contributions to surgery.
Long Noncoding RNA UCA1 Targets miR-122 to Promote Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Glioma Cells
Authors: Sun Yang , Jin Jun-Gong , Mi Wei-Yang , Hao-Wu  , Zhang Shi-Rong , Meng Qiang , Zhang Shi-Tao
Published: May 2017

Glioma is the most common and lethal malignant intracranial tumor. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified as pivotal regulators in the tumorigenesis of glioma. However, the role of lncRNA urothelial carcinoma-associated 1 (UCA1) in glioma genesis is still unknown. The purpose
of this study was to investigate the underlying function of UCA1 on glioma genesis. The results demonstrated that UCA1 was upregulated in glioma tissue and indicated a poor prognosis. UCA1 knockdown induced by si-UCA1 significantly suppressed the proliferative, migrative, and invasive activities
of glioma cell lines (U87 and U251). Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay verified the complementary binding within UCA1 and miR-122 at the 3′-UTR. Functional experiments revealed that UCA1 acted as an miR-122 “sponge” to modulate glioma cell proliferation,
migration, and invasion via downregulation of miR-122. Overall, the present study demonstrated that lncRNA UCA1 acts as an endogenous sponge of miR-122 to promote glioma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, which provides a novel insight and therapeutic target in the tumorigenesis
of glioma.
An erratum for this article has been published in Oncology Research, Volume 28, Number 6, pp.683-684 (https://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/cog/or/2021/00000028/00000006/art00011). Note that an updated article PDF will be delivered from this page further to the issuing of the erratum.
Stumbling Decidedly into the Six-Day War
Authors: Popp Roland
Published: May 2017

In the historiography of the 1967 War, the common reading is to portray it as an "inadvertent war." Using recently declassified documents, this article offers an alternative interpretation. In critically examining existing master plan theories, it is shown that the United Arab Republic's
(UAR) military actions were limited in size and were without aggressive intentions. The Israeli decision to strike was taken not for military reasons but rather to prevent a diplomatic solution which might have entailed disadvantages for the Israeli side.
Independence, Cantons, or Bantustans: Whither the Palestinian State?
Authors: Farsakh Leila
Published: May 2017

The Palestinian state remains an internationally endorsed project, yet an increasingly difficult one to implement. By analyzing the territorial, legal, and demographic developments that took place in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip over the past ten years, this article assesses the
extent to which the prospective Palestinian state has become unattainable. A comparison between the South African apartheid experience and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict is made to shed light on the ways in which the Palestinian territories are becoming analogous to Bantustans. While historical
comparisons are never exact or prescriptive, they raise interesting parallels whose implications need to be considered, if not altered, in any attempt to materialize the project of viable Palestinian independence.
Good for the Shah, Banned for the Mullahs: The West and Iran's Quest for Nuclear Power
Authors: Kibaroglu Mustafa
Published: May 2017

Iran's nuclear program has become a highly controversial issue in international politics since the August 2002 unveiling of the secretly built uranium enrichment facility in Natanz and the heavy-water production plant in Arak. American officials and experts assert that Iran has secret
plans to use its nuclear capabilities to develop nuclear weapons. Iranian officials, however, deny such allegations and claim that they will use their capabilities exclusively for peaceful purposes. Notwithstanding the official rhetoric, some Iranian scholars, intellectuals, and even bureaucrats
argue that Iran should seriously consider developing nuclear weapons given that they have the necessary skills and capabilities as well as the reasons to do so. The clerical leaders have supposedly not yet decided about weaponizing Iran's nuclear capability. However, the ever-increasing size
of Iran's existing nuclear infrastructure, and the achievements of Iranian scientists, who claim to have developed indigenous capabilities, may very well elevate Iran to the status of a nuclear power, even a de facto nuclear-weapons state.
Can Conservative Arab Gulf Monarchies Endure a Fourth War in the Persian Gulf?
Authors: Kéchichian Joseph A.
Published: May 2017

The existing regional balance of power in the Persian Gulf is likely to shift after Iran becomes a nuclear state. Conservative Arab Gulf monarchies, which emerged relatively unscathed from previous tectonic changes, are poised to mimic the Iranian program with far-reaching consequences
for all concerned. Although major powers may well tolerate a nuclearized Iran, its neighbors face daunting security challenges to protect and promote preferred regional interests, including tested alliances with key Western governments. Saudi Arabia and its smaller Arab Gulf partners will
need to exercise savvy policies to prevent a fourth regional war before the first decade of the 21st century is out. They may even have to address intrinsic political and socioeconomic reforms to preserve existing privileges.
On Morphological and Microstructural Changes in Uranium Dioxide Powder during Binder-Free Hot Pressing
Authors: Lunev Artem , Zazolin Artem , Pchelyakov Denis , Grigoriev Evgeny , Isaenkova Margarita , Perlovich Yuri , Krymskaya Olga
Published: May 2017

Plasticity of oxide fuel based on uranium dioxide is one of the less-covered topics in nuclear materials science. A useful tool to study the deformation mechanisms in this material at elevated temperatures is hot pressing. In this work, UO$_{2.06}$ powder prepared via~ADU route was uniaxially compacted at temperatures within the~$250$--$600$~{\textdegree}C range under a compressive axial stress from~$95$ to~$220$~MPa applied for a time interval between~$10$ and~$60$~min. Examinations performed with scanning electron microscopy~(SEM) and density measurements revealed a temperature effect on densification when increasing the compaction temperature from~$400$ to~$600$~\textdegree{C} with other conditions being equal. By varying the loading duration for hot pressing at~$600$~{\textdegree}C under constant compressive stress~$95$~MPa, different stages of compactions were analyzed. In addition,~XRD measurements revealed a texture developing in the material during compaction and a possible increase in dislocation density. It is argumented that dislocation-mediated plasticity contributes to densification at elevated temperatures.
Study of Niobium Diffusion and Clusterization in hcp Zr-Nb Dilute Alloys
Authors: Smirnova Daria , Starikov Sergey
Published: May 2017

We perform atomistic simulations aimed on study of diffusion of constituents and niobium precipitation in hcp Zr-Nb. We report diffusivities of Zr and Nb in hcp Zr-Nb alloys computed for the models containing up to 5 at.% of niobium. The calculated diffusivity of niobium rises with increase of its content in the alloy. The simulations also show that for a studied concentration range addition of niobium slightly enhances self-diffusion of zirconium in the alloys. The work is also devoted to description of niobium incorporation and clusterization in hcp zirconium. It is confirmed that for a single niobium atom incorporated in hcp zirconium lattice the octahedral position is the most favorable. We estimated the energy describing niobium cluster formation in pure hcp zirconium. According to the simulation results, we can suggest that the minimum niobium cluster size that can be expected in hcp Zr corresponds to about 80 atoms.
Relating Diffusion Couple Experiment Results to Observed As-Fabricated Microstructures in Low-Enriched U-10wt.% Mo Monolithic Fuel Plates
Authors: Newell Ryan , Mehta Abhishek , Park Young Joo , Sohn Yong Ho , Jue Jan Fong , Keiser Jr. Dennis D.
Published: May 2017

Monolithic fuel system with U – 10 wt.% Mo (U10Mo) fuel alloy has been developed for the Materials Management and Minimization reactor conversion program to replace highly-enriched fuels in research and test reactors with low-enriched fuels. Interdiffusion and phase transformations in the system constituents, i.e., U10Mo fuel, AA6061 cladding, and Zr diffusion barrier, have been investigated using fuel plates fabricated via rolling and hot-isostatic pressing. Diffusion couples, utilizing the constituents of the fuel system were also carried out to help understand the findings from fuel plates based on phase equilibria and diffusion kinetics. Findings from both fuel plates and diffusion couples can provide a comprehensive knowledge to assess, model, and predict the performance of monolithic low-enriched fuel system from fabrication to irradiation. This paper summarizes the experimental results reported from characterization of the fuel plates and diffusion couples with emphasis on interactions at the fuel-cladding, fuel-diffusion barrier, cladding-diffusion barrier, and cladding-cladding interfaces. Constituent phases and relevant diffusion kinetics are compared and contrasted, taking into account differences in thermodynamics and kinetics variables such as pressure, temperature, and cooling rate.
Однобитовые измерения, дискрепанс и принцип Столярского
Authors: Bilyk Dmitriy , Lacey Michael
Published: May 2017

Знаколинейное однобитовое отображение $d$-мерной сферы $\mathbb S^{d}$ в $N$-мерный хэммингов (булев) куб $H^N=\{-1, +1\}^{N}$ задается правилом $$ x \mapsto \{\mathrm{sign} (x \cdot z_j) \colon 1\leq j \leq N\}, $$ где $z_j\}\subset \mathbb S^{d}$. При $ 0<\delta<1$ мы выводим оценки на $ N (d, \delta )$ - наименьшее целое число $N$ такое, что существует знаколинейное отображение со свойством $\delta $-ограниченной изометрии; при этом мы рассматриваем нормированную геодезическую метрику на $\mathbb S^{d}$ и расстояние Хэмминга на $ H^N$. С точностью до полилогарифмического множителя $ N (d, \delta ) \approx \delta^{-2 + 2/(d+1)}$, здесь в показатель степени $\delta $ входит поправка, зависящая от размерности. Постановка этой задачи встречается в литературе по однобитовым измерениям, а метод доказательства заимствован из геометрической теории дискрепанса. Также формулируется аналог принципа инвариантности Столярского для данной ситуации, который утверждает, что минимизация $L^2$-усредненной погрешности вложения эквивалентна минимизации дискретной энергии $\sum_{i,j} (\frac12 - d(z_i,z_j) )^2$, где $d$ - нормированное геодезическое расстояние.
Библиография: 39 названий.
Прямоугольные диаграммы поверхностей: представимость
Authors: Dynnikov Ivan Alekseevich , Prasolov Maxim Vyacheslavovich
Published: May 2017

Вводится простое комбинаторное представление, называемое прямоугольной диаграммой поверхности, для задания поверхности в трехмерной сфере. Это представление особенно хорошо согласуется со стандартной контактной структурой в $\mathbb S^3$ и прямоугольными диаграммами зацеплений. С использованием прямоугольных диаграмм поверхностей планируется развить метод распознавания лежандровых узлов. Это требует большого объема технической работы, из которой здесь рассматривается только первый фундаментальный вопрос: какие классы изотопии поверхностей можно представить прямоугольной диаграммой? Ответ на этот вопрос, грубо говоря, такой: на класс изотопии поверхности ограничений нет, но есть ограничение на прямоугольную диаграмму зацепления, задающую край представляемой поверхности. Это утверждение распространяется на выпуклые поверхности в смысле Жиру, для которых упомянутое ограничение на край имеет естественный смысл. В последующей работе будут рассмотрены преобразования прямоугольных диаграмм поверхностей и изучены некоторые их свойства. С использованием формализма прямоугольных диаграмм поверхностей предъявлено кольцо в $\mathbb S^3$, которое, по ожиданию авторов, является контрпримером к гипотезе: если два лежандровых узла ограничивают кольцо и имеют нулевые относительные числа Торстона-Беннекена, то они лежандрово изотопны.
Библиография: 30 названий.
Дискретные множества единственности для функций со спектральными лакунами
Authors: Olevskii Alexander Moiseevich , Ulanovskii Alexander Mikhailovich
Published: May 2017

Хорошо известно, что целые функции со спектром на фиксированном ограниченном множестве $S$ обладают равномерно дискретными множествами единственности. Мы показываем, что это же верно для гораздо более широких классов непрерывных функций. В частности, для пространств Соболева со спектром на множестве $S$ бесконечной меры, имеющем "периодические лакуны". Условие периодичности существенно. Мы показываем, что множество $S$ со случайными лакунами обладает следующим сильным свойством неединственности: любая дискретная функция $c(\lambda)\in l^2(\Lambda)$, где $\Lambda$ - произвольное равномерно дискретное множество, является следом на $\Lambda$ аналитической $L^2$-функции со спектром в $S$.
Библиография: 9 названий.
Effects of a One-to-One Fatigue Management Course for People With Chronic Conditions and Fatigue
Authors: Van Heest Katy N. L. , Mogush Ashley R. , Mathiowetz Virgil G.
Published: May 2017

OBJECTIVE. We assessed the impact of a one-to-one fatigue management course on participants’ fatigue, self-efficacy, quality of life, and energy conservation behaviors.

METHOD. This observational study used a one-group, pretest–posttest, follow-up design. Forty-nine people with chronic conditions and fatigue participated in the one-to-one fatigue management course in outpatient and community-based settings. The Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy–Fatigue Scale was used to measure fatigue; the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–General measured quality of life; and the Self-Efficacy for Performing Energy Conservation Strategies Assessment was used to measure self-efficacy.

RESULTS. Participants showed significant reductions in fatigue and significant increases in self-efficacy and quality of life at posttest. These beneficial effects were maintained at follow-up. The Social Well-Being subscale was the only measure on which outcomes did not change significantly.

CONCLUSION. The one-to-one fatigue management course is a beneficial intervention for people with chronic conditions and fatigue.
Supporting Participation for Children With Sensory Processing Needs and Their Families: Community-Based Action Research
Authors: Silverman Fern , Tyszka Andrea Carr
Published: May 2017

OBJECTIVE. This qualitative study was part of efforts to develop and analyze specialized sensory-friendly, community-based programming at a local museum for families with children or young adults with sensory processing issues.

METHOD. A qualitative, descriptive framework was used, aimed at uncovering the experience of families in attendance. Using convenience sampling, 46 participants were recruited from six separate cohorts of parents across a 1.5-yr period, using a community-based action research approach.

RESULTS. Survey and interview data suggest that specialized programs with appropriate modifications in place improved the quality and the duration of museum visits for families with children or young adults with sensory processing needs, promoting both participation and well-being.

CONCLUSION. Adapted community events that increase participation in context may be a promising intervention to support well-being for people with disabilities and their families.
Effects of Lead and Cadmium on the Seedling of Plants, Brassica Oleracea L, and Abelmoschus Esculentus L.
Authors: Le Thien-Trong-Nguyen , Nguyen Thi-Ngoc-Hai , Dinh Thanh-Dat , Nguyen Dinh-Dai , Dao Thanh-Son
Published: May 2017

In this study we tested the negative effects of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) at the concentrations of 5 – 500 µg/L and 1 – 100 µg/L, respectively, on the germination, fresh weight, root and shoot length of broccoli, Brassica oleracea L., and okra, Abelmoschus esculentus L. over the period of 7 days. Two other tests were also conducted as control in which the seeds of these two plants were watered with distilled water only. For each concentration of exposures, 10 seeds were put into a plastic container and nine replicates (n = 9) for each treatment were prepared. The results revealed slight effects of the metals on the germination of B. oleracea and A. esculentus. However, fresh weight of the sprouts was decreased upon metal exposures especially the significant reduction of A. esculentus fresh weight in the Pb incubations. Pb slightly affected on the root prolongation of both plants. There was no significant difference on the shoot length of B. oleracea in control and Cd treatments. Furthermore, Cd tended to stimulate the prolongation of root and inhibit the extension of shoot of A. esculentus. Besides, Cd (100 µg/L) and Pb (500 µg/L) caused the leaf abnormality in B. oleracea. Our results contribute more understanding on the toxicity of Pb and Cd at environmentally relevant concentrations on the seedling of plants. Further investigations on the toxicity of other pollutants as well as their mixture on seedling of plants are recommended.
“Rich in Pathological Instances”: Disability in the Early Reception Theory of Edith Wharton'sEthan Frome
Authors: Geriguis Lina
Published: May 2017

This article examines how and why Edith Wharton's representations of disability played a key role in shaping the early interpretive community's reactions to Ethan Frome. Several reviews converge to demonstrate that Wharton's preoccupation with atrophic bodies and minds provoked a disenchantment with Ethan Frome after its initial appearance in print in 1911. In the eyes of some reviewers, disability amounted to a controversial feature that made Ethan Frome seem unassimilable within the concept of an ideal novel and self. Contextualizing the novel within its immediate reviews reveals how it engages with the Progressive Era's take on the “proper sphere” of disabled people both on the literary and cultural landscapes. The strong responses—even objections—to disability in the 1911 reviews stirred noteworthy discussions about impairment and normalcy, signifying that Wharton's work not only provoked resistance toward manifestations of unresolved disabledness but also participated in the debates about the acceptability of cultural expressions of disability.
Editorial Año 5 No.13
Authors: Arévalo Cuadra Raúl
Published: May 2017

No resumen
Beyond Leadership Theory to Making a Difference in Urban Schools: Engaging Graduate Students in Real World Learning
Authors: Hampton Frederick M.
Published: May 2017

This paper explores new and important thinking on two university levels. First is an examination of how to more fully engage university graduate students in significant learning experiences, and secondly, how graduate students in school leadership can begin to address real world problems in urban school districts. This paper seeks to move well beyond school leadership theory into practice, and to inspire a re-imagining of our urban school programs, and a reexamination of the issues and problems that prevent highly capable urban youth from reaching their full potential.
Female Teachers’ Perceptions of Teaching Culture in EFL Classrooms at a Saudi University
Authors: Al-Amir Bayan Al-Hashemi
Published: May 2017

In the literature of second language teaching and learning, culture and language have always been assumed to be interdependent. Their interdependence comes from the fact that language is not a code free from culture, but an embodiment of it. However, there is still a need, from the part of teachers, to realize the importance of integrating culture with language study. Using a three- Points Likert scale questionnaire, the current study aims at investigating teachers’ perceptions of culture teaching in English as a foreign language classrooms at the University of Jeddah. Moreover, it aims at discovering the type of cultural competence teachers seek to promote; whether it is intercultural or multicultural. The results show that female teachers support the study of the target culture. Furthermore, the results indicate that teachers’ perceptions lean more towards promoting multicultural competence instead of intercultural one.
Investigating the English Language Needs of the Female Students at the Faculty of Computing and Information Technology at King Abdulaziz University in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Fadel Sahar , Rajab Hussam
Published: May 2017

In the field of computer science, specific English language skills are needed to facilitate the students’ academic progress. Needs analysis is generally believed to be an important element in ESP/EAP context because it enables the practitioners and curriculum designers determine the learners’ needs in a particular academic context. In this regard, this paper, adopting a quantitative research design, reports on a survey conducted to investigate the English language needs of the female students studying in the Faculty of Computing and Information Technology (FCIT) at King Abdulaziz University (KAU). The study aims at identifying the students’ perceptions about the importance of the English language skills, the frequency of using those skills, their ability levels in performing such skills, and their preferences regarding the English language course. The participants in this study are 135 female undergraduates who are studying at the third, fourth, and fifth year at the FCIT, during the academic year 2013-2014. The study identifies the students’ English language necessities, lacks, wants, and their perceptions of the current English course. The paper concludes with several pedagogical implications which seek to improve the current course structure and contents so as to cater for the students’ academic English language needs.
Når demokrati ikke er et alternativ
Authors: McNicol Thomas
Published: May 2017

Ideologen Sayyid Qutb (1906-66) var revolusjonsteoretikeren fremfor noen og grunnlegger av den radikale islamismen. Lar hans tanker seg forene med ideen om demokrati?
Slaget om den muslimske verdens fremtid: Vil USA lykkes med å demokratisere Irak?
Authors: Ilyas Saima
Published: May 2017

Saddam Hussein skal erstattes av et demokratisk regime i Bagdad som skal stå som et eksempel til etterfølgelse for resten av den arabiske og muslimske verden. Gitt at amerikanerne virkelig har intensjoner om å demokratisere Irak; hva er muligheten for at de faktisk skal lykkes?
Flyktningnasjonalisme: Fra Nakba til PLO
Authors: Jensehaugen Jørgen
Published: May 2017

Den palestinske nasjonale identiteten ble skapt i Palestina, men det var flukten fra Palestina som dannet den samlende erfaringen som ble basisen for den altomfattende palestinske nasjonalismen. Eksilet skapte ikke nasjonalismen, men styrket den ved å definere og demokratisere den.
Gassrørledningen Iran-Pakistan-India
Authors: Basit Saira H.
Published: May 2017

Multilaterale prosjekter som den planlagte naturgassrørledningen Iran-Pakistan-India kan føre til økt samhandling mellom stater. Transnasjonale samarbeidsprosjekter mellom rivaliserende land kan også være vanskelig gjennomførbare. Kan det uansett komme noe godt ut av selve forhandlingene rundt slike prosjekter?
Polygyni i Egypt mellom regjering og disiplinær makt
Authors: Lindbekk Monika
Published: May 2017

Klassisk sharia tillater mannen å ha opptil fire koner, i strid med moderne idealer om kjærlighet og trofasthet som grunnlag for ekteskap. Staten i Egypt forsøker likevel å forby og begrense polygyni.
När Mellanösten blev "den muslimska världen"
Authors: Rabo Annika
Published: May 2017

«Det är av yttersta vikt att vi i vår relation till den muslimska världen söker tillräcklig kunskap om muslimska utgångspunkter så att vi kan bemöta muslimer med respekt och förståelse. Utskottet menar att vi därför bör söka olika sätt att öka förståelsen och bygga broar mellan våra kulturer. I detta arbete vill utskottet understryka att den kulturella och religiösa dialogen inte försummas.» (Utrikesutskottets betänkande 2005/06:UU8 s.1)
Libanon og krigen i juli 2006 i lys av statsbyggingsteori
Authors: Maktabi Rania
Published: May 2017

Hva er bakgrunnen for den libanesiske regjeringens krav på suverenitet over Shab’a-gårdene, et grenseområde som myndighetene i nærmere åtti år ikke har vist nevneverdig interesse for å innlemme i landet? Hvorfor fremmes kravet nå?
Venner av Amerika
Authors: Høigilt Jacob
Published: May 2017

Irak-krigen har ført oppmerksomheten i arabiske medier mot de såkalte nye arabiske liberalerne. Hvem er de? Hva mener de? Hva tilfører de den arabiske offentlige debatten?
Israels palestinske minoritet: En utfordring for den jødiske og demokratiske staten?
Authors: Khateeb Line
Published: May 2017

Konfiskering og ekspropriering av palestinsk land forbindes vanligvis med den okkuperte Vestbredden. Diskriminering av eierskap og tilgang til jord for den palestinske minoriteten inne i Israel er mindre kjent. Deres tilgang til ressurser og mulighet til å påvirke politikken i staten de er borgere av begrenses på grunnlag av deres etnisitet.
Tyrkiets nye venstrefløj
Authors: Bickersteth Mathias Findalen
Published: May 2017

Igennem en række møder med politiske aktivister fra opblomstrende venstrefløjsbevægelser i Tyrkiet undersøger denne artikel en ny form for liberal venstrefløjstænkning, som har fået liv med Geziprotesterne i sommeren 2013.
Kristne i De arabiske emiratene: Kommet for å bli?
Authors: Thorbjørnsrud Berit S.
Published: May 2017

Etter 1200 års fravær etableres det igjen kristne fellesskap på Den arabiske halvøy, men under hvilke rammebetingelser? I hvilken grad har de kristne frihet til å praktisere egen tro, bygge kirker og organisere egne aktiviteter? Og kan kristendommen igjen få status som en lokal religion?
Minoriteten og revolutionen: Koptere i Egypten efter det arabiske forår
Authors: Galal Lise Paulsen
Published: May 2017

Siden januar-revolutionen 2011 har kopternes position som medborgere i Egypten været usikker, hvilket har ført til både koptiske protester og varierende opbakning til siddende regimer. Spørgsmålet er, hvordan kopterne har forsøgt at navigere i dette politiske landskab, der har været omskifteligt og uforudsigeligt.
Tyrkia og USA: Gammelt vennskap ruster
Authors: Sæter Kjetil
Published: May 2017

Ankara nektet usa å invadere Irak fra tyrkisk jord i 2003. I Washington ble dette tolket som et alvorlig svik. Vil Tyrkia og usa redde stumpene av et langt og strategisk samarbeid, eller vil den nyslåtte eu-optimismen føre til at Tyrkia i større grad orienterer seg mot et europeisk sikkerhetssamarbeid?
Er Saddam Hussein den samme i går og i dag?
Authors: Raddum Tonje
Published: May 2017

Saddam Hussein blir forhørt av Iraks nye maktelite. Hva kan et utsnitt av samtalen fortelle oss om den styrtede diktatorens tanker om seg selv og sin nye posisjon?
Et fortsatt stabilt Saudi-Arabia?
Authors: Lahlum Nils
Published: May 2017

Forholdet mellom Saudi-Arabias shi’a-minoritet og staten, representert ved kongefamilien, har til tider vært spent, men stort sett stabilt. Diskriminerende praksiser og sekterisk vold i nabolandet Irak kan true denne stabiliteten.
En revolusjon i egyptisk familierett?
Authors: Lindbekk Monika
Published: May 2017

Egypt gjenomgår en overgangsperiode hvor det synes å ha vokst frem en skjør og ikke-bindende politisk konsensus med tilslutning til etablering av en sivil stat med like borgerrettigheter uansett kjønn og religiøs tilknytning. Med utgangspunkt i to utkast til familielov som forsøker å utvide kvinners borgerrettigheter, viser imidlertid denne artikkelen at en slik konsensus ikke bør tas for gitt.
Marokkansk familielovgivning som tv-serie
Authors: Ainouz Mounir
Published: May 2017

Marokko fik i 2004 vedtaget en ny familielovgivning kaldet Moudawana, der medførte heftige diskussioner i det marokkanske samfund. Men den legale og sociale implementering af lovgivningen er langt fra afsluttet. Som et led i promoveringen lancerede den statsejede kanal al-Aoula en serie om familielovgivningen.
Stat og nye medier: RTÜK i Tyrkiet
Authors: Kuzmanovic Daniella
Published: May 2017

Fremkomsten af nye medier i Mellemøsten har skabt fokus på disses indvirkning på samfund, politik og stat. Særligt nye mediers udfordring af autoritære statseliter er blevet fremhævet. Som denne artikel om RTÜK viser, kan samspillet mellem stat, politiske eliter og nye medier dog også medvirke til at reproducere statens betydning.
Mohns Midtøsten
Authors: Knudsen Are
Published: May 2017

Bergenseren Albert Henrik Mohn (1918–99) var i en mannsalder Norges fremste utenriksreporter. Han var ekstremt produktiv og skrev flere enn femti bøker, ni av dem om et Midtøsten i rask endring.
Kvinner og utvikling i Emiratene
Authors: Christiansen Per A.
Published: May 2017

Fra et dårlig utgangspunkt for snart førti år siden har De forente arabiske emirater kommet langt i arbeidet med å likestille kvinner og menn. I hvilken grad har støtte fra landets herskerfamilie bidratt til denne utviklingen?
Israel and Palestine, a brief history of the negotiations
Authors: Arieli Shaul
Published: May 2017

This article will present a brief history of the negotiations between Israel and Arab counterparts since 1948. The article touches the important and difficult issues of the conflict: Jerusalem, territory, refugees and security.
Främjar EU demokrati i Jordanien?
Authors: Jonasson Ann-Kristin
Published: May 2017

EU verkar för demokrati i de muslimska länderna runt Medelhavet. Men förverkligas politiken? Här analyseras detta genom olika perspektiv på fallet Jordanien. Resultaten tyder på att EU:s demokratifrämjande i stor utsträckning är retoriskt. I praktiken riskerar EU:s agerande att motverka demokratisering.
Hvem taler? Hvem lytter?
Authors: Gad Ulrik Pram
Published: May 2017

Den danske regerings antiterrorstrategi strækker sig fra militære midler til dialog; et centralt begreb i regeringens såkaldte “Arabiske Initiativ” til fremme af partnerskaber om “fremskridt og reform” i Mellemøsten. Men hvordan bevarer man kontrollen over dialogens retning? Og hvorfor er det så vigtigt?
De usynlige barna. Håpets klinikk i Kairo
Authors: Yousef Nadya , Abdel-Fadil Mona
Published: May 2017

I juli 2007, i all stillhet og langt fra medias oppmerksomhet, åpnet Håpets Klinikk sine dører; Egypts første offentlige poliklinikk for gatebarn.
Fisk, olje og folkerett i Vest-Sahara
Authors: Haugen Hans Morten
Published: May 2017

Artikkelen analyserer “ressursdimensjonen” innenfor retten til selvbestemmelse i Vest-Sahara. Den viser at dagens utvinning ikke tar hensyn til interessene til saharawiene, og at nye lisensavtaler med saharawiske myndigheter innenfor olje og gass uttrykker en mer konstruktiv tilnærming fra internasjonale selskaper.
Kyotoprotekollen kommer til Midtøsten
Authors: Buen Jørund
Published: May 2017

Kyoto og klimakvoter er nå på alles lepper i Norge og resten av Skandinavia. Men hvordan har landene i Midtøsten oppført seg i klimaforhandlingene? Hvor aktive er de i det globale  limakvotemarkedet i dag, og hvilken rolle kan de komme til å spille i fremtiden?
Israel: Et kor av motstridende stemmer
Authors: Sidsel Wold
Published: May 2017

Den israelske journalisten og forfatteren Donna Rosentahl kalte sin bok om israelerne «An ordinary people in an extraordinary land». Men alle som har oppholdt seg mye i Israel oppdager at spenningene innad i nasjonen er langt større enn i de fleste andre nasjoner.
Vatn og Palestina-konflikten
Authors: Berg Kjersti Gravelsæter
Published: May 2017

Er det nok vatn i regionen til både Israel og ein palestinsk stat?
Guds lov
Authors: Eggen Nora E.
Published: May 2017

Politisk engasjerte muslimer i ulike bevegelser over hele den muslimske verden slår til orde for “innføring av Guds lov”. Det er lett å betrakte en slik politisk målsetting med ironisk distanse, fordi henvisning til metafysisk legitimitet for lovgivning i våre ekulariserte samfunn synes absurd.
Kan en kvinne bli ayatollah?
Authors: Pettersen Kathrine
Published: May 2017

I Iran står kvinner med teologisk utdannelse i en særegen posisjon når det argumenteres for nytolkninger av shari’ a. Et av de store stridspørsmålene er hvorvidt islam tillater kvinnelige ayatollaher.
Sudan: Økonomisk liberalisering og islamisering
Authors: Stiansen Endre
Published: May 2017

Hva skjer når religiøs tradisjonalisme møter økonomisk liberalisme?
Palestinsk migrasjon mellom Vestbredden og USA: økonomisk suksess og politisk mistenkeliggjøring
Authors: Kårtveit Bård Helge
Published: May 2017

Palestinere i usa har blitt politisk ignorerte og uthengt som terrorister, og mange har gradvis mistet troen på palestinsk selvstendighet.Den erfaringen har de brakt med seg hjem til Vestbredden.
Arven fra kolonitiden: Vi og De andre
Authors: Breidlid Anders
Published: May 2017

I kjølvannet av 9. september, gjengjeldelsesaksjonene i Afghanistan og krigen i Irak, og nå sist publiseringen av Muhammed-tegningene, er det blitt tegnet fiendebilder med skarpe streker der begge parter demoniserer Den andre som inkarnasjonen av Satan.
Europeisk lov og islamsk lov
Authors: Vikør Knut S.
Published: May 2017

Lovene vi har i Midtausten er ikkje så mye arva frå "kolonitida" som dei samme som i denne tida. Derfor må vi heller sjå på kva dei sjølstendige statane har endra i forhold til det som var før europearane. Her kan vi sjå ei utvikling i retning av meir "moderne" normer, men også større statskontroll over det private.