bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Daily work engagement is a process through which daily micro-events at work influence life satisfaction
Authors: Junça Silva Ana , Caetano António , Rueff Rita
Published: May 2023

Purpose

Drawing upon the conservation of resources theory, the authors expected that daily micro-events, daily hassles and uplifts at work influenced well-being via work engagement at the daily level.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conducted two diary studies. In study 1, 181 workers answered a daily questionnaire for four working days (N = 181 × 4 = 724). In study 2, 51 workers filled in a questionnaire for ten consecutive working days (N = 51 × 10 = 510).

Findings

In study 1, the results demonstrated that work engagement fully mediated the effects of daily uplifts on well-being and partially mediated the effects of daily hassles on well-being. The results of study 2 revealed a full mediation for both kinds of daily micro-events. Hence, daily uplifts stimulated work engagement, which, in turn, enhanced well-being, and daily hassles minimized work engagement and, consequently, well-being.

Originality/value

The relationships explored provide new theoretical elements for models that explain well-being.
Working in a bubble: techno-isolation as an emerging techno-stressor in teleworkers
Authors: Mirowska Agata , Bakici Tuba
Published: May 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate existing and emerging technology-driven stressors using the transactional model of stress and coping (TMSC).

Design/methodology/approach

In-depth semi-structured interviews with 36 professionals were performed to obtain qualitative data to explore emerging techno-stressors. The findings were validated a year into the pandemic with human resource (HR) professionals.

Findings

The authors identify a previously unreported techno-stressor, Techno-Isolation (TIS), which arises from a heavy dependence on information communication technologies for professional social interactions. Additionally, several considerations of interaction characteristics are identified that, based on the platform used, affect the experience of TIS, further expanding the TMSC with the addition of medium-interaction compatibility. The authors present a testable model and discuss implications.

Originality/value

This study identifies three new information communication technology (ICT)-based antecedents leading to a new techno-stressor, as well as the importance of medium-interaction compatibility in the experiences of stressors as strains. The authors discuss how these elements fit with and extend the existing stress literature.
Political self-efficacy matters: an investigation of how and when leader political mentoring affects follower political behavior and promotability
Authors: Zhao Chen , Gao Zhonghua , Liu Yonghong , Yang Ou
Published: May 2023

Purpose

The authors propose a new motivation construct, political self-efficacy, and investigate how and when leader political mentoring influences follower political behavior and promotability through political self-efficacy.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors collected four samples to develop a scale for political self-efficacy and conducted two field studies of leader-follower dyads to examine the model.

Findings

Leader political mentoring enhances followers' political behavior and promotability through increasing their political self-efficacy. These positive indirect effects are stronger when followers have a higher positive political perception.

Originality/value

This study integrates mentoring research with organizational politics literature and theorizes how a domain-specific self-efficacy—political self-efficacy, translates the positive impact of leader political mentoring on constructive behavioral and career-related outcomes.
Pick me! I am young, healthy and interested in the arts in your city! – exploring the future of travel visas
Authors: Lehmann Sabine Michaela
Published: May 2023

Purpose

This viewpoint paper aims to explore the past, present and future of travel visas granting permission to travel. Visa restrictions are used by governments as an efficient method of restricting access in advance of travel. This paper explores how this may change in the future resulting in a shift of power from tourist to destination.

Design/methodology/approach

The Futures Triangle method was used to create a scenario incorporating the three dimensions of the triangle, i.e. the pulls of the future, the pushes of the present and the weights of the past. An artefact of the future was created to help visualise this future.

Findings

This analysis suggests that the role of visas may change in the future such that visa regimes may become part of a destination strategy. A future scenario is postulated in which destinations demand proof of fit with the destination strategy before granting a visa.

Originality/value

This viewpoint paper develops an artefact of the future based on the changing role of travel visas. It suggests that tourists might need to market themselves to the destination, proving that they are a good destination fit, before they are granted a visa to travel.
The role of personality traits and the ability to detect fake news in predicting information avoidance during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Mirzabeigi Mahdieh , Torabi Mahsa , Jowkar Tahereh
Published: May 2023

Purpose

The objective of this study was to investigate the impacts of personality traits and the ability to detect fake news on information avoidance behavior. It also examined the effect of personality traits on the ability to detect fake news.

Design/methodology/approach

The sample population included Shiraz University students who were studying in the second semester of academic year 2021 in different academic levels. It consisted of 242 students of Shiraz University. The Big Five theory was used as the theoretical background of the study. Moreover, the research instrument was an electronic questionnaire consisting of the three questionnaires of the ability to detect fake news (Esmaeili et al., 2019, inspired by IFLA, 2017), the Big Five personality traits (Goldberg, 1999) and information avoidance (Howell and Shepperd, 2016). The statistical methods used to analyze the data were Pearson correlation and stepwise regression, which were performed through SPSS software (version 26).

Findings

The results showed that from among the five main personality factors, only neuroticism had a positive and significant effect on information avoidance. In addition, the ability to detect fake news had a significant negative effect on information avoidance behavior. Further analyses also showed positive and significant effects of openness to experience and extraversion on the ability to detect fake news. In fact, the former had more predictive power.

Practical implications

Following the Big Five theory considering COVID-19 information avoidance and the ability to detect COVID-19 fake news, this study shifted the focus from environmental factors to personality factors and personality traits. Furthermore, this study introduced the ability to detect fake news as an influential factor in health information avoidance behaviors, which can be a prelude for new research studies.

Originality/value

The present study applied the five main personality factors theory in the context of information avoidance behavior and the ability to detect fake news, and supported the effect of personality traits on these variables.
Bibliometric analyses and network mapping on the smart library in Web of Science from 2003 to 2021
Authors: Wang Dan
Published: May 2023

Purpose

This research conducts bibliometric analyses and network mapping on smart libraries worldwide. It examines publication profiles, identifies the most cited publications and preferred sources and considers the cooperation of the authors, organizations and countries worldwide. The research also highlights keyword trends and clusters and finds new developments and emerging trends from the co-cited references network.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 264 records with 1,200 citations were extracted from the Web of Science database from 2003 to 2021. The trends in the smart library were analyzed and visualized using BibExcel, VOSviewer, Biblioshiny and CiteSpace.

Findings

The People’s Republic of China had the most publications (119), the most citations (374), the highest H-index (12) and the highest total link strength (TLS = 25). Wuhan University had the highest H-index (6). Chiu, Dickson K. W. (H-index = 4, TLS = 22) and Lo, Patrick (H-index = 4, TLS = 21) from the University of Hong Kong had the highest H-indices and were the most cooperative authors. Library Hi Tech was the most preferred journal. “Mobile library” was the most frequently used keyword. “Mobile context” was the largest cluster on the research front.

Research limitations/implications

This study helps librarians, scientists and funders understand smart library trends.

Originality/value

There are several studies and solid background research on smart libraries. However, to the best of the author’s knowledge, this study is the first to conduct bibliometric analyses and network mapping on smart libraries around the globe.
Influence of augmented reality on shopping behavior
Authors: Dogra Pallavi , Kaushik Arun Kumar , Kalia Prateek , Kaushal Arun
Published: May 2023

Purpose

Digital technologies emerged as innovative avenues for launching new products, advertising brands, increasing customer awareness and thus leaving a remarkable impact on the online marketplace. The present study analyzed the effects of crucial antecedents of AR interactive technology on customers' behavior toward AR-based e-commerce websites.

Design/methodology/approach

Convenience sampling was used to collect primary data from 357 iGen respondents aged 16–22 years; residing in New Delhi and the NCR region of India and examined using the structural equation modeling technique.

Findings

Results revealed that technology anxiety and virtuality significantly influence customers' attitudes and behavioral intentions toward AR-based e-commerce websites. However, interactivity and innovativeness remain non-significant. Additionally, non-significant moderating effects were identified for the moderators, i.e. trust and need for touch. At the same time, gender has a significant moderating effect only for the association between technology anxiety and attitude toward AR-based e-commerce websites.

Research limitations/implications

The study summarizes numerous theoretical and managerial implications for AR-based website designers and policymakers, followed by the crucial limitations and directions for future research.

Originality/value

The present research provides a significant understanding of the e-commerce industry by providing valuable insights about young iGen consumers' perceptions of AR-based e-commerce websites.
Achieving operational resilience through kaizen practice: a case in a commercial livestock farm in Nigeria
Authors: Ufua Daniel E. , Itai Muktar , Kumar Ajay , Al-Faryan Mamdouh Abdulaziz Saleh
Published: May 2023

Purpose

This study is focused on achieving operational resilience through the practices of kaizen across the operational structure. The research is based on a case study of a commercial livestock farm in Nigeria. The study views the practice of kaizen from the perspective of the commitment of the members of the case study organisation who are directly involved with the operations of the organisation.

Design/methodology/approach

The study applies a qualitative approach to explore the topic, engaging members of the case study organisation in the research to gather relevant data on the implementation of kaizen practices and the drive to attain resilience in the case study organisation. Semi-structured personal interviews and workshops were used for data collection. The study adopts systems theory to explore the topic, identifying and engaging relevant stakeholders.

Findings

Parts of the findings relating to kaizen are the issues with the livestock production process, aggressive leadership and the issue of livestock mortality in the case study organisation. These were discussed based on extant literature. The study affirms the importance of organisational members' commitment and adequate leadership support to achieve sustainable kaizen practices. The study highlights the need to align kaizen practices with relevant organisational practices, such as reward systems and contextual requirements for its implementation in an operational process. The study suggests that further study can focus on the dynamics of the legal system on the implementation of kaizen, especially from a developing economic background like Nigeria, where this study was conducted.

Originality/value

The study projects learning about the spatial factors that can affect the practices of kaizen in critical sectors like livestock management.
Community reorganization stabilizes freshwater ecosystems in intensively managed agricultural fields
Authors: Schiesari L. , Saito V. , Ferreira J. , Freitas L. S. , Goebbels A. J. , Leite J. P. C. B. , Oliveira J. C. , Pelinson R. M. , Querido B. B. , Carmo J. , Espíndola E. L. G. , Guedes‐Munin N. C. , Montagner C. , Rossetto R. , Taniwaki R. , Martinelli L. A.
Published: May 2023

Sustainable intensification may depend on associating precision farming with the harnessing of ecological principles in crop fields, and integrating farms and non‐farmed land in productive landscapes. Small wetlands could play an important role in both pursuits for having high per‐unit‐area rates of element cycling and species richness while deeply penetrating crop fields. However, their potential for ecosystem service provisioning is unlikely to be met if land management intensification promotes ecosystem destabilization in biomass production.

We tested the consequences of land use intensification on various dimensions of freshwater ecosystem stability by means of a large‐scale field experiment converting extensive pastures to intensive pastures and sugarcane plantations in Southeastern Brazil. Nested within experimental plots were 4000 L mesocosms simulating ponds and puddles commonly found in productive landscapes. Mesocosms were monitored for basic physico‐chemical parameters, nutrients, pesticides, phytoplankton standing crop, and the spontaneously colonizing biodiversity.

Despite severe environmental change, the stability of sugarcane communities was no different from that of extensive and intensive pastures. This occurred because the local extinction of a sensitive top dragonfly predator following the application of vinasse and insecticide was compensated by colonization of a suite of more tolerant invertebrate mesopredators such as beetles and bugs. Community stability tended to increase with biomass asynchrony and species richness, evidencing a portfolio effect of biodiversity. Unfortunately, the species richness necessary to stabilize biomass production is unlikely to be available in many sugarcane fields and several other row crops.

Synthesis and applications. Ponds and puddles could be effective centers of irradiation of ecosystem service provisioning in agricultural fields in terms of pest control; nutrient accumulation, cycling and export back to fields; and habitat and stepping stones for freshwater biodiversity. However, the impoverished biodiversity that results from a combination of harsh local conditions and spatial isolation renders pond communities inherently unstable. Given the unlikely, immediate reduction in agrochemical use in much of the intensively managed crop area, a combination of large, protected source wetlands at the margin of fields and small constructed or naturally forming ponds and puddles in plantations could contribute to sustainable intensification.
LIVING ON THE MARGINS: The Socio‐spatial Representation of Urban Internally Displaced Persons in Ethiopia
Authors: Regasa Dereje , Godesso Ameyu , Lietaert Ine
Published: May 2023

In cities in the global South, internally displaced persons (IDPs) often end up in marginalized places created by uneven processes of urbanization. While IDPs experience similar disadvantages to the urban poor living in these places, they face additional vulnerabilities related to their displacement. Building on insights from urban studies and forced migration studies, we argue in this article that a multidimensional understanding of urban marginality is a useful analytical lens with which to examine the conditions of urban IDPs. Based on multi‐sited ethnographic research in Kersa and Sululta IDP settlements of Ethiopia, this study reveals how IDPs experience similar spatial, social and symbolic marginality in different urban contexts. Our findings show the relational manifestation of segregation, social distance and stigmatization that impede IDPs’ access to urban space and services. This study also highlights how these dimensions of marginality interact and reproduce an additional layer of marginality. Our research suggests the need for inclusive urban governance in which IDPs contribute to and benefit from urbanization as citizens.
Heterogeneous distribution ofCardiniumin whitefly populations is associated with host nuclear genetic background
Authors: Li Hongran , Liu Ying , Wei Xiaoying , Pan Huipeng , Zhang Youjun , Zhou Xuguo , Chu Dong
Published: May 2023

Inherited bacterial symbionts are very common in arthropods, but infection frequency can vary widely among populations. Experiments and interpopulation comparisons suggest that host genetic background might be important in explaining this variation. Our extensive field investigation showed that the infection pattern of the facultative symbiontCardiniumwas heterogeneous across geographical populations of the invasive whiteflyBemisia tabaciMediterranean (MED) in China, with genetic nuclear differences evident in 2 of the populations: 1 with a low infection rate (SD line) and 1 with a high infection rate (HaN line). However, whether the heterogeneous frequency ofCardiniumis associated with the host genetic background remains poorly understood. Here, we compared the fitness of theCardinium‐infected and uninfected sublines with similar nuclear genetic backgrounds from SD and HaN lines, respectively, and further determine whether host extranuclear or nuclear genotype influenced theCardinium–host phenotype by performing 2 new introgression series of 6 generations between SD and HaN lines (i.e.,Cardinium‐infected females of SD were backcrossed with uninfected males of HaN, and vice versa). The results showed thatCardiniumprovides marginal fitness benefits in the SD line, whereasCardiniumprovides strong fitness benefits in the HaN line. Further, bothCardiniumand theCardinium–host nuclear interaction influence the fecundity and pre‐adult survival rate ofB. tabaci, whereas the extranuclear genotype does not. In conclusion, our results provide evidence thatCardinium‐mediated fitness effects were closely associated with the host genetic background, which provides a fundamental basis for understanding the mechanism underlying the heterogeneous distribution ofCardiniuminB. tabaciMED populations across China.
Female ticks (Ixodes scapularis) infected with Borrelia burgdorferi have increased overwintering survival, with implications for tick population growth
Authors: Nabbout Amal El , Ferguson Laura V. , Miyashita Atsushi , Adamo Shelley A.
Published: May 2023

The tick, Ixodes scapularis, vectors pathogens such as Borrelia burgdorferi, the bacterium that causes Lyme disease. Over the last few decades I. scapularis has expanded its range, introducing a novel health threat into these areas. Warming temperatures appear to be one cause of its range expansion to the north. However, other factors are also involved. We show that unfed adult female ticks infected with B. burgdorferi have greater overwintering survival than uninfected female ticks. Locally collected adult female ticks were placed in individual microcosms and allowed to overwinter in both forest and dune grass environments. In the spring we collected the ticks and tested both dead and living ticks for B. burgdorferi DNA. Infected ticks had greater overwintering survival compared with uninfected ticks every winter for three consecutive winters in both forest and dune grass environments. We discuss the most plausible explanations for this result. The increased winter survival of adult female ticks could enhance tick population growth. Our results suggest that, in addition to climate change, B. burgdorferi infection itself may be promoting the northern range expansion of I. scapularis. Our study highlights how pathogens could work synergistically with climate change to promote host range expansion.
Copper‐alloy figurines from Tell Abraq (Umm al‐Quwain, UAE) and the circulation of Hellenistic motifs in late pre‐Islamic Arabia (300 bc–300 ad)
Authors: Pavan Alexia , Esposti Michele Degli
Published: May 2023

Four copper‐base figurines recently discovered at the site of Tell Abraq (Umm al‐Quwain, UAE) illustrate the circulation of allochthonous artistic motifs across the Arabian Peninsula during the late pre‐Islamic period (broadly, 300 bc–300 ad). It is argued that these motifs were adopted by the local communities even in the absence of a full understanding of their genuine meaning and consequently, possibly adapted for the representation of local deities or elite members. These derivative artefacts travelled alongside high‐quality local products, both kinds of objects being witnessed at Tell Abraq. There, a unique figurine of a standing naked man additionally fosters some considerations about the diffusion of Herakles’ iconography in the region. The finds presented here might be generally indicative of the presence of high‐rank burials extensively looted in antiquity, while so far, the presence of other structures to which they could be related has to be discarded.
Knowledge on the male reproductive tract and testicular cancer among adolescents in Austria
Authors: Schauer Ingrid , Banner Andreas , Madersbacher Stephan , Anegg Oliver
Published: May 2023

Purpose

Testicular cancer is the most frequent malignant tumour among young adults. Therefore, regular self‐examination for early detection is recommended by all guidelines. The fact that the knowledge of young adults living in Austria on this important topic is unknown, prompted the current investigation.

Materials and methods

To evaluate the knowledge on anatomy and function of the male reproductive tract and of testicular cancer in particular a German questionnaire recently developed by Anheuser et al. (Urologe 2019;58:1331‐1337) was applied. This 4‐page questionnaire contains mainly multiple‐choice questions. This questionnaire was distributed in three different schools to male and female students in the 11th and 12th school level.

Results

A total of 337 students (mean age: 17.3 years; male: n = 183; female: n = 154) completed the questionnaire. In a simple pictogramm, 63% were able to correctly identify the prostate, 87% the testis and 64% the epididymis. Half of the students (49.3%) could describe the function of the testis. The question regarding the age peak of testicular cancer was correctly answered by 81%, yet 18% believed that testicular cancer is caused by the sexual contact. The purpose of the testicular self‐examination was correctly answered by only 54.9% with a higher rate for women (67.5% vs. 44.3%, p = 0.001). With a theoretical maximal score of 15, the students reached a mean overall of 10.4 with no sex difference (p > 0.05). Differences were noted for the school type: the highest score was present in the Gymnasium (11.2), followed by the Realgymnasium (10.8) and the HTL (9.8; p = 0.001).

Conclusions

This survey demonstrates relevant knowledge deficits of young adults regarding the male reproductive tract, testicular cancer and self‐examination.
Spectrum of ocular disease in children aged between 0 and 3 years at an Australian paediatric tertiary hospital
Authors: Lo‐Cao Edward , Crofts Stephanie , Geering Katie , Jamieson Robyn V. , Grigg John R.
Published: May 2023

Background

Childhood ocular disease can be a significant health burden to the child, family and society. Previous studies have examined the spectrum of paediatric ocular disease presenting to tertiary hospitals; however, these studies have broader age ranges, smaller sample sizes, and are largely based in developing countries. This study aims to assess the spectrum of ocular disease in the first 3 years of life presenting to the eye department of an Australian tertiary paediatric hospital.

Methods

The records of 3337 children who had their initial presentation at the eye clinic between the age of 0 and 36 months were reviewed, spanning 6.5 years from 1st July 2012 to 31st December 2018.

Results

The most common primary diagnoses overall were strabismic amblyopia (6.0%), retinopathy of prematurity (5.0%) and nasolacrimal duct obstruction (4.5%). Bilateral visual impairment was more common in younger children, while unilateral visual impairment was more common in older children. The proportion of all children presenting with visual impairment was 10.3%, with 5.7% of all children presenting with bilateral visual impairment and 4.6% presenting with unilateral visual impairment. In children with visual impairment, the most common sites of primary abnormality were lens (21.4%), retina (17.3%), and cerebral and visual pathways (12.1%). The most common primary diagnoses in children with visual impairment were cataract (21.4%), strabismic amblyopia (9.3%) and retinoblastoma (6.5%).

Conclusions

The spectrum of eye disease and vision impairment presenting in the first 3 years of life facilitates health care planning, greater community education about vision impairment and importance of early intervention, and guidance for appropriate resource allocation. Health systems can apply these findings to aid in early identification and intervention to reduce preventable blindness and institute appropriate rehabilitation services.
Lin−PU.1dimGATA‐1− defines haematopoietic stem cells with long‐term multilineage reconstitution activity
Authors: Xu Haoyu , Tan Shaojing , Zhao Yu , Zhang Lin , Cao Weiyun , Li Xing , Tian Jiayi , Wang Xiaojing , Li Xiaoyan , Wang Fengchao , Cao Jiani , Zhao Tongbiao
Published: May 2023

Despite extensive characterization of the state and function of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), the use of transcription factors to define the HSC population is still limited. We show here that the HSC population in mouse bone marrow can be defined by the distinct expression levels of Spi1 and Gata1. By using a double fluorescence knock‐in mouse model, PGdKI, in which the expression levels of PU.1 and GATA‐1 are indicated by the expression of GFP and mCherry, respectively, we uncover that the HSCs with lymphoid and myeloid repopulating activity are specifically enriched in a Lin−PU.1dimGATA‐1− (LPG) cell subset. In vivo competitive repopulation assays demonstrate that bone marrow cells gated by LPG exhibit haematopoietic reconstitution activity which is comparable to that of classical Lin−Sca1+c‐kit+ (LSK). The integrated analysis of single‐cell RNA sequence data from LPG and LSK‐gated cells reveals that a transcriptional network governed by core TFs contributes to regulation of HSC multipotency. These discoveries provide new clues for HSC characterization and functional study.
Prevalence and trends for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children living with cerebral palsy: A birds‐eye view
Authors: Martin Tanya , McIntyre Sarah , Waight Emma , Baynam Gareth , Watson Linda , Langdon Katherine , Woolfenden Susan , Smithers‐Sheedy Hayley , Sherwood Juanita ,   ACPR Birds‐Eye View Group
Published: May 2023

Aim

To provide a birds‐eye view of the trends of cerebral palsy (CP) for Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children and young adults.

Method

Data were obtained for this population‐based observational study from the Australian Cerebral Palsy Register (ACPR), birth years 1995 to 2014. The Indigenous status of children was classified by maternal Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander or non‐Indigenous status. Descriptive statistics were calculated for socio‐demographic and clinical characteristics. Prenatal/perinatal and post‐neonatal birth prevalence was calculated per 1000 live births and per 10 000 live births respectively, and Poisson regression used to assess trends.

Results

Data from the ACPR were available for 514 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander individuals with CP. Most children could walk independently (56%) and lived in urban or regional areas (72%). One in five children lived in socioeconomically disadvantaged remote/very remote areas. The birth prevalence of prenatal/perinatal CP declined after the mid‐2000s from a high of 4.8 (95% confidence interval 3.2–7.0) to 1.9 per 1000 live births (95% confidence interval 1.1–3.2) (2013–2014), with marked declines observed for term births and teenage mothers.

Interpretation

The birth prevalence of CP in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children in Australia declined between the mid‐2000s and 2013 to 2014. This birds‐eye view provides key stakeholders with new knowledge to advocate for sustainable funding for accessible, culturally safe, antenatal and CP services.

What this paper adds

Birth prevalence of cerebral palsy (CP) is beginning to decline for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders.

Recent CP birth prevalence for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders is 1.9 per 1000 live births.

Most children with CP live in more populated areas rather than remote or very remote areas.

One in five Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children with CP live in socioeconomically disadvantaged remote areas.
Clinical functional outcome measures for children with cerebral palsy after gait corrective orthopaedic surgery: A scoping review
Authors: Fong Maxine M. , Gibson Noula , Williams Sian A. , Jensen Lynn
Published: May 2023

Aim

To identify the most frequently reported non‐instrumented measures of gait, activity, and participation in children with cerebral palsy (CP) after undergoing gait corrective orthopaedic surgery.

Method

Four databases were searched from database inception to the 9th December 2021 for studies that evaluated functional outcomes for children with CP under 18 years undergoing gait corrective orthopaedic surgery.

Results

Of 547 citations, 44 publications (n = 3535 participants,n = 1789 males, mean age 10 years 5 months [SD = 3 years 3 months], Gross Motor Function Classification System levels I–III at the time of surgery) were eligible for inclusion. Fourteen different outcome measures were used: one measure of gait, 10 measures of activity, and three measures of participation. Gait was measured with the Edinburgh Visual Gait Scale (EVGS; 4 out of 44). The most common activity and participation measures were the Functional Mobility Scale (FMS; 15 out of 44) and Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument (11 out of 44) respectively. No studies reported a combination of gait, activity, and participation measures.

Interpretation

The EVGS and FMS should be considered as core outcome measures in gait corrective orthopaedic surgery, while a measure of participation is unclear. Additional considerations for developing a comprehensive suite of outcomes include identifying a combination of clinical measures and performance‐reflective questionnaires that are standardized for children with CP undergoing surgery and meaningful to clinicians and families.
Aboriginal art in a health science journal: Indigenous knowledge and healing
Authors: Rowse Tim
Published: May 2023

This letter to the editor is on the original article by Martin et al. on pages 1475–1485 of this issue.
Corporate culture and IPOs
Authors: Cumming Douglas J. , Meles Antonio , Sampagnaro Gabriele , Verdoliva Vincenzo
Published: May 2023

This study documents corporate culture at the time of initial public offering (IPO) and the relationship between corporate culture at the time of IPO and firm financial performance. Based on a sample of 1157 US firms that went public between 1996 and 2011 and performance information through 2016, the data provide strong evidence that regional culture, industry characteristics, and pre‐IPO financing play key roles in explaining a firm's cultural orientation. Moreover, the data indicate that IPO firms with a highly competition‐ and creation‐oriented culture experience higher profitability and less risk of financial distress than other IPO firms.
Effects of alcohol problem discrepancy on relationship adjustment: The moderating role of conflict negotiation among couples with alcohol use disorder and intimate partner violence
Authors: Flanagan Julianne C. , Leone Ruschelle M. , Melkonian Alexander J. , Jarnecke Amber M. , Hogan Jasara N. , Massa Andrea A.
Published: May 2023

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) has well‐known negative effects on romantic relationship functioning, including the occurrence of intimate partner violence (IPV). A separate literature focused on community couples indicates that relationship functioning is more likely to suffer when partners report greater discrepancies in alcohol consumption. It is important to expand this literature to couples with AUD and to examine the role of impactful AUD domains in dyadic functioning. Furthermore, few studies have examined adaptive, treatment‐malleable factors that could potentially offset the negative impact of alcohol discrepancies on relationship functioning. This study examined the association between couples' alcohol problem discrepancies and relationship adjustment, as well as the moderating effect of self‐reported adaptive conflict negotiation behaviors. Participants were 100 couples (N = 200 individual participants) with intimate partner violence wherein at least one partner met diagnostic criteria for AUD. Actor‐Partner Interdependence Models indicated that greater alcohol problem discrepancy was associated with lower dyadic adjustment. Moderation analyses revealed that the highest level of relationship adjustment was observed among couples with lower alcohol problem discrepancy and greater negotiation behaviors, while relationship adjustment was similar for couples with larger alcohol problem discrepancy, regardless of negotiation behaviors. Although further study is needed to clarify under what specific conditions adaptive negotiation behaviors are most helpful, they appear to be beneficial for some couples in this sample. We found no evidence that negotiation behaviors may be harmful among these high‐risk couples.
Regional and global climate risks for reef corals: Incorporating species‐specific vulnerability and exposure to climate hazards
Authors: Kim Sun W. , Sommer Brigitte , Beger Maria , Pandolfi John M.
Published: May 2023

Climate change is driving rapid and widespread erosion of the environmental conditions that formerly supported species persistence. Existing projections of climate change typically focus on forecasts of acute environmental anomalies and global extinction risks. The current projections also frequently consider all species within a broad taxonomic group together without differentiating species‐specific patterns. Consequently, we still know little about the explicit dimensions of climate risk (i.e., species‐specific vulnerability, exposure and hazard) that are vital for predicting future biodiversity responses (e.g., adaptation, migration) and developing management and conservation strategies. Here, we use reef corals as model organisms (n = 741 species) to project the extent of regional and global climate risks of marine organisms into the future. We characterise species‐specific vulnerability based on the global geographic range and historical environmental conditions (1900–1994) of each coral species within their ranges, and quantify the projected exposure to climate hazard beyond the historical conditions as climate risk. We show that many coral species will experience a complete loss of pre‐modern climate analogs at the regional scale and across their entire distributional ranges, and such exposure to hazardous conditions are predicted to pose substantial regional and global climate risks to reef corals. Although high‐latitude regions may provide climate refugia for some tropical corals until the mid‐21st century, they will not become a universal haven for all corals. Notably, high‐latitude specialists and species with small geographic ranges remain particularly vulnerable as they tend to possess limited capacities to avoid climate risks (e.g., via adaptive and migratory responses). Predicted climate risks are amplified substantially under the SSP5‐8.5 compared with the SSP1‐2.6 scenario, highlighting the need for stringent emission controls. Our projections of both regional and global climate risks offer unique opportunities to facilitate climate action at spatial scales relevant to conservation and management.
The global biogeography of reef morphology
Authors: Lutzenkirchen Lucas L. , Duce Stephanie J. , Bellwood David R.
Published: May 2023

Aim

The Caribbean and Indo‐Pacific are separate biogeographical realms with distinct biogeographical and evolutionary histories, a 10‐fold difference in biodiversity, and highly disparate sea‐level histories. Since reef morphology often reflects interactions between biological activity and biogeographical history, including sea levels, the widths of shallow coral reef habitats are likely to differ markedly between realms, with ramifications for numerous ecosystem functions. Our goal, therefore, was to assess the impact of global‐scale biogeographical and evolutionary histories on coral reef habitats. Specifically, are Indo‐Pacific reefs wider than their Caribbean counterparts?

Location

Global.

Time Period

Modern.

Major Taxa Studied

Coral reefs.

Methods

We used the Allen Coral Atlas, a global reef mapping system (3 m pixel resolution), to examine 3765 transects, 3 km long and 1 km apart, on 60 reefs across the two realms, quantifying shallow reef habitat widths (Inner and Outer Reef Flat, and Reef Crest) using ArcGIS.

Results

Shallow reef habitat widths were strikingly similar between the Caribbean and Indo‐Pacific. Estimated modal widths diverged by just 37 m; means by just 122 m. Although shallow reef zones appeared to be wider in the Indo‐Pacific, habitat widths on atolls were almost identical across realms (means varying by less than 8 m).

Main Conclusions

Our remote sensing approach provides a global description of the biogeography of coral reefs as biogenic structures. Furthermore, we can assess the relative importance of realm‐wide differences in coral diversity and sea‐level history on reef growth. The striking similarity of reef widths across realms suggests that reef growth (net reef accretion) is largely independent of coral diversity, or sea‐level history, and that other factors may have played a major role in constraining shallow reef widths. These factors may include geomorphology (e.g. antecedent topography and historical accommodation space) and, once at sea level, self‐limiting local hydrodynamics.
Translating German Emperors: A Staufen–Sicilian Synthesis under Henry VI?
Authors: Byrne Philippa
Published: May 2023

The Staufen conquest of the Kingdom of Sicily in 1194 can be understood as the violent destruction of a sophisticated and cosmopolitan Norman kingdom and its replacement by a new dynasty with starkly different cultural and political models. Indeed, many contemporary authors decried the brutality associated with Henry VI's conquest. This article considers the other side of the coin by examining the evidence for attempts to integrate Henry VI into the local models associated with the previous monarchy. Despite the limited survival of evidence, there is reason to think that Staufen administrators deliberately continued and cultivated the ceremonies and traditions associated with the Norman Hauteville crown. Moreover, Sicilian elites had meaningful incentives to help translate between Norman and Staufen cultures. Finally, this article examines how a language of Staufen imperial authority could be blended with traditions of Norman rule.
DĒMOKRATIA'S POSSIBLE DISCONNECTION: UNTIMELY ANTIQUITY, TEMPORAL OUTSIDENESS, AND HISTORICAL FUTURES OF POLITICS*
Authors: LIANERI ALEXANDRA
Published: May 2023

This article discusses notions of possible disconnection in the post‐1990s political present that are formulated as untimely articulations of the ancient Greek democratic past and of the concept of dēmokratia. These are modalities of transition that foreground political futurity as emanating neither from anticipation of evental change to come nor from abstract utopianism. Rather, dēmokratia’s projected break with the present and presentism is grounded in transtemporal confrontations and routes of historical memory. These are engagements with antiquity that take hold of and refigure the relation among past, present, and future politics, as well as the inside and outside of democracy, at a horizon of Nachleben (afterlife) that sustains no fixed beginning or end. I discuss these temporalities as disconnective in a sense that differs from historical futures opened up by technoscientific or anthropocenic prospects. Dēmokratia challenges the self‐narration of present democracy as a project of the future by positing modalities of outsideness, repotentialization of the past, and interweaving of times and political languages in non‐narrative terms. The outcome is a form of futurity that opens up the possibility of imagining not only a novel political subject and community but also a logic of their emergence that enables both to be incessantly reconfigured. Dēmokratia’s possible disconnection works against a sense of lost political futurity, but it needs to be recognized as grounded in a state of loss, insofar as political domination may also be built into future democratic principles. For this reason, it invites a reflexive problematic about the representability and translatability of disconnective political futures and communities.
Three‐dimensional starch‐based scaffold decorated with 64S bio‐glass for accelerating rat model bone defect repair
Authors: Soltani Mohammad , Alizadeh Parvin
Published: May 2023

Starch (ST)‐based scaffold consists of aloe vera (AV) and 64S bioactive glass (BG) reinforced with quail egg shell powder (QE) was successfully fabricated through freeze‐drying technique. Scaffolds revealed antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, forming inhibition zones of 12.64–16.23 mm. Collagen I and Runt‐related transcription factor 2 expressions as early‐stage osteogenic differentiation markers were reported to be in the ranges of 34.11% ± 1.46% to 69.47% ± 1.64% and 34.31% ± 2.43% to 71.47% ± .94%, respectively. Moreover, the in vivo expression of osteopontin after 4 weeks of implantation was 25.39% ± 2.92%/500 μm for the blank group and 56.68% ± 4.09%/500 μm for the scaffold group, respectively. Moreover, new bone formation and proliferation of collagen fibers were observed in the scaffold group. Obtained results revealed that AV incorporated ST‐BG‐QE scaffold can be considered a promising candidate for bone tissue repair.
Effects of ohmic heat processing and ascorbic acid on antioxidant compounds and colour of red‐fleshed dragon (Hylocereus polyrhizus) fruit juice during storage
Authors: Doan Nhu Khue , Nguyen Thi Huong , Le Nhat Tam , Pham Minh Tuan , Phan Thuy Xuan Uyen , Lai Quoc Dat , Le Thi Kim Phung
Published: May 2023

Red‐fleshed dragon fruit is a promising source of antioxidants and natural colour compounds. This study examined the effects of ohmic heating (OH) and ascorbic acid addition on total phenolic content (TPC), betacyanin (BC), antioxidant activity and colour changes in the juice during storage. The juice was treated from 20 to 85 °C and stabilised at 85 °C for 60 s by OH at 60 Hz and 30 V cm−1. The treated samples were stored at 4 °C in dark bottles for 8 weeks, and BC, TPC, antioxidant activity and colour were determined weekly. After 1 week of storage, there was no degradation of TPC or BC (P > 0.05). However, after 8 weeks of storage, BC decreased by 47%, TPC decreased by 60% and antioxidant activity decreased by 39% in the OH juice. The colour changes of the juice during the 8‐week storage period were strongly correlated with the BC (r (correlation coefficient) > 0.98). A comparison of the OH process with conventional heating (CH) showed that OH resulted in less degradation to BC, TPC and antioxidant activity than CH. OH is a suitable technology for processing red‐fleshed dragon fruit juice. Adding 0.25% AA to the juice helped reduce changes in colour, BC, TPC and antioxidant activity (P < 0.05).
Chemical vapor deposition of ordered structures in YAG–alumina eutectic system
Authors: Mitsuhashi Yuri , Matsumoto Shogen , Ito Akihiko
Published: May 2023

The eutectic structure of metals and ceramics is the result of a self‐organization phenomenon in which multiple solid phases solidify with an ordered structure from a liquid phase. Hence, a melt‐solidification process was the only way to generate ordered structures in a ceramic eutectic system. Here, we prepared ordered structures of Y3Al5O12 (YAG)–Al2O3 composites via chemical vapor deposition in the YAG–Al2O3 eutectic system. Spatially periodic YAG rod and lamellar structures were generated in an alumina matrix homoepitaxially grown on the sapphire substrates on the Al2O3‐rich side of the eutectic composition, whereas α‐Al2O3 rod and lamellar structures were generated in a YAG matrix on the Y2O3‐rich side. The results reveal that the pattern formation of ordered structures in a ceramic eutectic system can occur not only during in the melt‐solidification process but also during the vapor deposition process. The Ce3+‐doped YAG–Al2O3 composite film converts some of the blue light into yellow light, allowing some of it to pass through, and emitting white light. The Eu3+‐doped YAG–Al2O3 composite film can be utilized as a scintillation screen for a high‐resolution X‐ray imaging test to see though a semiconductor storage device.
Urinary proteomics combined with home blood pressure telemonitoring for health care reform trial—First progress report
Authors: Chori Babangida S. , An De‐Wei , Martens Dries S. , Yu Yu‐Ling , Gilis‐Malinowska Natasza , Abubakar Sani M. , Ibrahim Etubi A. , Ajanya Ojonojima , Abiodun Olugbenga O. , Anya Tina , Tobechukwu Iyidobi , Isiguzo Godsent , Cheng Hao‐Min , Chen Chen‐Huan , Liao Chia‐Te , Mokwatsi Gontse , Stolarz‐Skrzypek Katarzyna , Wojciechowska Wiktoria , Narkiewicz Krzysztof , Rajzer Marek , Brguljan‐Hitij Jana , Nawrot Tim S. , Asayama Kei , Reyskens Peter , Mischak Harald , Odili Augustine N. , Staessen Jan A. ,   the UPRIGHT‐HTM Investigators
Published: May 2023

High blood pressure (BP) and type‐2 diabetes (T2DM) are forerunners of chronic kidney disease and left ventricular dysfunction. Home BP telemonitoring (HTM) and urinary peptidomic profiling (UPP) are technologies enabling risk stratification and personalized prevention. UPRIGHT‐HTM (NCT04299529) is an investigator‐initiated, multicenter, open‐label, randomized trial with blinded endpoint evaluation designed to assess the efficacy of HTM plus UPP (experimental group) over HTM alone (control group) in guiding treatment in asymptomatic patients, aged 55–75 years, with ≥5 cardiovascular risk factors. From screening onwards, HTM data can be freely accessed by all patients and their caregivers; UPP results are communicated early during follow‐up to patients and caregivers in the intervention group, but at trial closure in the control group. From May 2021 until January 2023, 235 patients were screened, of whom 53 were still progressing through the run‐in period and 144 were randomized. Both groups had similar characteristics, including average age (62.0 years) and the proportions of African Blacks (81.9%), White Europeans (16.7%), women 56.2%, home (31.2%), and office (50.0%) hypertension, T2DM (36.4%), micro‐albuminuria (29.4%), and ECG (9.7%) and echocardiographic (11.5%) left ventricular hypertrophy. Home and office BP were 128.8/79.2 mm Hg and 137.1/82.7 mm Hg, respectively, resulting in a prevalence of white‐coat, masked and sustained hypertension of 40.3%, 11.1%, and 25.7%. HTM persisted after randomization (48 681 readings up to 15 January 2023). In conclusion, results predominantly from low‐resource sub‐Saharan centers proved the feasibility of this multi‐ethnic trial. The COVID‐19 pandemic caused delays and differential recruitment rates across centers.