bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
REGULARITIES OF FORMATION OF SYNTHETIC OPTICAL ANISOTROPY OF POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE FOR POLARIMETRIC APPLICATION
Authors:   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics of NAS of Ukraine, Samoylov A.V.
Published: February 2021

General principles of wav plate manufacturing are considered. The possibility of the formation of synthetic optical anisotropy of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) by the method of its uniaxial stretching is investigated. The most promising is a method for manufacturing waveplates, which includes the stage of controlled stretching of the polymer material to the required phase shift value, which would generally exclude the stage of machining the plates. The general orderliness of the molecules in the polymer resulting from stretching (orientation) leads to the oriented state of the polymer, and, consequently, to the general anisotropy of the physical and optical properties. In this state, a clearly pronounced uniaxial orientation of polymer chains is observed. As a result, chain macromolecules, randomly (statistically) oriented in the initial PMMA, acquire orientation under the influence of an external directed tensile force. The anisotropy of the optical properties of uniaxially stretched PMMA is manifested in the fact that it has different refractive indices for light polarized parallel to the direction of stretching (orientation) and in the perpendicular direction (birefringence). The regularities of the formation of the synthetic optical anisotropy of PMMA have been studied. The dependences of the birefringence values of uniaxially stretched PMMA on the initial sheet thickness, stretching temperature, and degree of stretching have been measured. It has been shown that the value of birefringence is directly proportional to the thickness of the initial sheet and the degree of stretching and inversely proportional to the stretching temperature. The spectral dependence of the birefringence value is measured. Achromatic and superachromatic waveplates were made from uniaxially stretched PMMA. The spectral characteristics of the phase shift of the manufactured waveplates are given. The availability of the starting material, the technological simplicity of the formation of the initial components for waveplates, as well as the possibility of manufacturing waveplates of large dimensions and high quality, make polymethyl methacrylate with artificially induced anisotropy a promising material for the manufacture of achromatic and superachromatic waveplates.
Assessment of triage accuracy by Nurses, and delay care of acute myocardial infarction patients admitted to Emergency Department: retrospective analysis from Shifa International Hospital, Pakistan
Authors: Shabbir Kiran , Javeed Waqar , Kazmi Abeer , Shereen Muhammad Adnan , Bashir Nadia
Published: February 2021

Background: Coronary vascular disease (CVD) is the premier cause of fatality in the world. In Pakistan, 30 to 40% of all deaths occur due to CVD. The emergency department triage is carried out to prioritize the care of critical patients. Errors during triage may lead to mortality and morbidity of the patient. The current study's objective is to determine the triage process of acute myocardial infarction patients and its associated accuracy and delays during the acute myocardial infarction process of care in the emergency department.

Methods: In this descriptive study, data were collected retrospectively from Shifa International Hospital. The consent was taken from participating Registered nurses (RNs) who were involved in the triage process. Nurses with experience of less than 1 year in the emergency department were not part of the study, while only those patients with symptoms indicative of Acute Myocardial Infarction and age of 21 years or older were included in the current study. EMR system was used on a daily basis as a method to capture data for the study. The actual clock time in minutes from arrival until triage and obtain ECG as greater than 10 minutes was identified as a delay.

Results: The 8 R.N. participated in the current study with a mean age and experience of 28.11 years and 4.77 years. The patients' age was 22-74 years, which consist of 58.9% male and 41.1% female. Out of 224 patients, 20.53% of patients were smokers, 39.3% were diabetic, 44.6% were CVD, and 78.5% were reported for chest pain. Delay care such as the mean triage and ECG time recorded was 6.75, and 7.30 min, the mean E.R. physician and Cardiology resident assessment was 11 min and 25.19 min, respectively, which were significantly found according to the recommended guidelines of AHA. The triage accuracy in the current study was recorded as 80.35%.

Conclusion: In Pakistan, no proper triage system is developed, and no time limits and guidelines are defined for the completion of the triage process. In the current study, the triage level designations, ECG delay, E.R. and cardiology resident assessment delay were found insignificant, and triage designation was found inaccurate with 19.6% of patients, which lead to delay the re-perfusion therapy. In patients with AMI symptoms, triage accuracy and quick ECG helps E.R. physician assessment to take a quick better decision for cardiac care. It helps patients to get re-perfusion therapy on time for acute myocardial infarction.
Level of physical activity in undergraduate students in Peshawar, Pakistan
Authors: Alam Shahid , Khan Sardar Bakht , Khattak Qamar Wahid , Abidin Syed Zain Ul , Farooqi Salman , Khan Zardad , Kazmi Abeer
Published: February 2021

Background: Physical activity is one of the leading health indicators, considered an essential factor in the population's health and quality of life promotion. Physical inactivity is the fourth leading risk factor for global mortality. Physical inactivity has been linked with chronic disease and obesity in most populations. This study aims to compare the prevalence of physical activity and overweight/obesity among students of the university.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from March to September 2019 on undergraduate students from different departments of Peshawar University. A sample of 377 (male n = 243, female n = 134) was taken through convenience sampling. Those individuals who were physically disabled and not willing to participate were excluded from the study. Those meeting the inclusion criteria were given the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ short form). Demographic data included age, weight, and height was self-stated by the participants. The levels of physical activity in each of three domains (leisure, transport, and domestic) were calculated and presented as metabolic equivalent (M.E.T.) hour per week in the form of means, percentage, and frequency in different physical activity domains.

Results: The overall sample showed that 13.70% of participants were inactive, 27.76% showed a low level of physical activity, 41.29% showed moderate physical activity level, and 17.24% showed a high level of physical activity. A total of 90.98% of participants were involved in leisure physical activities, 93.10% presented transport-related physical activity, and 74.80% were involved in domestic-related physical activity. Average time spent during sitting was found to be 53.32 hrs/week and 7.61 hrs/ day, with females being more involved in sitting activities as compared to males. A significant difference was found between B.M.I. and sitting domain (p-value 0.002) with a Pearson value of -0.12 showing a negative correlation.

Conclusion: The B.M.I. and Physical Activity are found negatively associated with each other. Male students were more physically active than females as females spend their majority of time sitting. It is concluded that students are moderately active, while a minimal percent of students are highly active. There were a few numbers of respondents too who were physically inactive, which shows that there is still unawareness of physical activity on the university level.
«Transitional» Texts Across the World – What Are They?
Authors: Finnegan Ruth
Published: February 2021

The main argument of this article is that, to some degree, all texts can be called ‘transitional’: they are, necessarily, set within the ongoing or processes of history, thus multiple in nature, flexible, changing, conditional on specific occasions, shaped by their cultural context(s), their medium and, above all, by specific creators and receivers. Similarly, I argue that there does not exist anything necessarily revolutionary about the once touted but now widely questioned “Great Divide” between orality and literacy across which texts had to make a great transition. I also discuss the various different modes and situations in which texts could be said to be, for different users and purposes, in some way ‘transitional’, with particular reference to examples from Africa and the South Pacific. I conclude that all culture, all language, all human action is in a sense transitional and dynamic.
La haquitía a partir de la obra «El maẕal de los pobres» de Elie Benchetrit
Authors: Moscoso-García Francisco
Published: February 2021

La haquitía fue una lengua hablada por los judíos marroquíes en el norte de Marruecos. La novela El maẕal de los pobres, del tangerino Elie Benchetrit, aparecida en 2017, es el retrato más fiel que conservamos sobre el último periodo de la existencia de esta lengua en Tánger, los años 1950 y principios de 1960. De los 18 000 judíos que había en Tánger en 1955, pasaron a ser 250 en 1970. Hemos contabilizado un total de 415 voces, de las que 171 proceden del castellano antiguo, 125 del árabe marroquí, 114 del hebreo, 3 del amazige y 2 del portugués. En este artículo presentamos un estudio lingüístico de estas voces que va acompañado de una presentación de la obra de Benchetrit y de la haquitía, especialmente de la variante que se habló en Tánger.
The effective and efficient management of school fees: Implications for the provision of
quality education
Authors: Mestry Raj
Published: February 2021

The Amended National Norms and Standards for School Funding (ANNSSF) policy of 2006 introduced a funding model to address equity in public schooling. Schools are ranked into one of five quintiles of which quintile 1 represents the poorest schools and quintile 5 the most affluent. The ANNSSF policy proposes that the state provide more funding for recurrent resources to poorer schools (quintiles 1, 2 and 3) than to quintiles 4 and 5 schools. Since affluent schools receive reduced state funding, school governing bodies (SGBs) are obliged to supplement state funding if they wish to continue providing quality education and improving learner achievement. Although intensive fundraising initiatives and sponsorships are viable solutions, the declining South African economy has prompted corporates to apply austerity measures such as limiting sponsorships to schools. Thus, SGBs are compelled to charge parents school fees as a means of supplementing state subsidies. In the study reported on here, qualitative research with an interpretivist paradigm to explore how SGBs manage school fees to sustain the provision of quality education was used. The findings reveal that, if school fees are effectively and efficiently managed, SGBs can continue employing additional staff above the post provisioning norms, reduce class sizes and procure state-of-the-art resources, resulting in high learner achievement.
Paulo Freire’s culture circles: contributions to nursing research, teaching, and professional practice
Authors: Souza Jeane Barros de , Barbosa Maria Helena Pires Araújo , Schmitt Helen Bruggemann Bunn , Heidemann Ivonete Terezinha Schülter Buss
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Objectives: to share the contributions of culture circles for teaching, research, and professional nursing practice, having as framework Paulo Freire’s Research Itinerary. Methods: this is an experience report of a culture circle, with participation of three professors and ten students, enrolled in a course of a Graduate Program in Nursing in southern Brazil. In this culture circle, a tree was built in which the roots formed the thematic investigation, the stem, coding and decoding, and the leaves, the Research Itinerary critical unveiling. Results: participants demonstrated empowerment of Paulo Freire’s assumptions, and building a tree made it possible to discuss in a pleasant and playful way culture circle use in teaching, research, and professional nursing practice. Final Considerations: the culture circle promoted reflection and action on nursing praxis, turning Freirean thoughts into something concrete and transforming realities.
COVID-19 tents: specialized triage service, a temporal analysis of the patients’ profile
Authors: Brasil Daniele , Julek Luciana , Cabral Luciane Patrícia Andreani , Arcaro Guilherme , Ribas Mirian Cristina , Gaspar Maria Dagmar da Rocha , Bordin Danielle
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the change in the clinical-epidemiological profile of patients attended at the specialized triage service for COVID-19 (COVID-19 tent) in the first three months of operation. Methods: Cross-sectional study, with users attended from March 2020 to May 2020 (n=379) at the COVID-19 tent in the city of Ponta Grossa, Paraná. Data collection was retrieved from an electronic form fed by tent professionals, which included sociodemographic characteristics, symptoms, risk factors of exposure, means of search and clinical conduct. Trend tests and chi-square tests were performed. Results: March showed a greater demand (n=197), motivated by mild symptoms and direct search (p<0.05). In the following months, there was a decrease in demand (n=93; n=89), however the search for referrals, ambulances and conditions that required medical attention, observation and hospitalization increased (p<0.05). The search resulting from exposure to risk factors has not changed (p>0.05). Conclusion: the profile has changed over time, reflecting, in the end, severe and critical symptoms, requiring intervention.
Análise dos efeitos do Novo Regime Automotivo (1996-1999) e o Inovar-Auto (2012-2017)
Authors: SANTOS RODRIGO SILVEIRA DOS , SCHMIDT JUNIOR RENO , ADAMI VIVIAN SEBBEN , SCHMIDT FABRÍCIO CARLOS
Published: February 2021

RESUMO O objetivo do artigo foi realizar uma análise dos efeitos do Novo Regime Automotivo e do Inovar-Auto quanto à produção nacional, exportação e importação de veículos automotores, através de avaliação comparativa destas duas políticas públicas. Para esta comparação foram utilizados dados reais da indústria automobilística, bem como informações obtidas através da promulgação de leis, medidas provisórias e decretos. Nenhum regime mostrou-se plenamente eficaz para ampliar a produção nacional em relação à produção mundial. O primeiro regime mostrou-se eficaz para ampliar as exportações relativas, contudo o mesmo não foi válido para o segundo regime e ambos os regimes se mostraram eficazes na redução das importações.
Hermenêutica simbólica, Jung e transdiciplinariedade: luzes e sombras na educação
Authors: Martinez Silvia A. O. C. , Ferreira Amauri C.
Published: February 2021

Resumo Este artigo de revisão e análise narrativa de literatura parte da perspectiva transdisciplinar com o objetivo de buscar alternativas epistêmico-metodológicas para que as pesquisas em educação desloquem-se da mera aquisição de conhecimentos à possibilidade de ampliação da consciência. O percurso narrativo do trabalho transita pelas interfaces dialógicas entre os pressupostos da transdisciplinariedade e os da hermenêutica simbólica do círculo de Eranos (HSCE). De forma inédita, alcança o objetivo no uso do conceito de unus mundus (Carl Gustav Jung) como ferramenta simbólica do fazer hermenêutico de transformação da realidade. No processo, via circularidade hermenêutica, múltiplas interfaces emergem a cada instância percorrida nas polaridades de luz e sombra, entre teorias e biografias.
Activities of speech-language-hearing therapists in the Extended Family Health and Primary Care Center from the perspective of team cooperation
Authors: Medeiros Yuri Patrick Oliveira de , Sousa Fabiana de Oliveira Silva , Lima Maria Luiza Lopes Timóteo de , Nascimento Cynthia Maria Barboza do
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Purpose: to describe the activities of speech-language-hearing therapists in the Extended Family Health and Primary Care Center from the perspective of team cooperation. Methods: an exploratory study with a quantitative and qualitative approach. The participants in the research were 4 speech-language-hearing therapists and 3 speech-language-hearing residents who were developing their practices in the Extended Family Health and Primary Care Center of Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil. The data were collected at two moments: The first one involved the analysis of the instrument where the activities of the speech-language-hearing therapists in the Extended Family Health and Primary Care Center were registered; in the second one, these professionals were interviewed to understand their work process in PHC, in relation to team cooperation. Results: the speech-language-hearing therapists presented an adequate understanding of the concept of team cooperation and the broad range of activities carried out, predominantly individual attention (27%) and shared group activities (18%). The need to strengthen their professional training to work with primary care and the little knowledge of the teams and population about the work of the speech-language-hearing therapists are the main challenges reported by the interviewees. To improve the work of the teams, they suggested more continuing education opportunities and more participation of the administrators in interpersonal conflict mediation. Conclusion: despite the difficulties related to professional education and the work process, the speech-language-hearing therapists in the Extended Family Health and Primary Care Center have been performing activities from the perspective of team cooperation, collaborating to the comprehensiveness and solvability of care.
COVID-19 and Guillain-Barre Syndrome Case Report
Authors: A Sidig , K Abbasher , H Abbasher , M Abbasher , A Hussien
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Coronaviruses are a group of related viruses that cause diseases in mammals and birds. Guillain-Barre syndrome is a rare disorder in which the body’s immune system attacks peripheral nerves.
Changes of Lipid Profile and Other Biological Parameters in People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in the General Referral Provincial Hospital of Bukavu, Eastern of the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: AS Kishabongo , CU Shabani , CK Bisangamo , TA Shindano , NB Takaisi-Kikuni
Published: February 2021

Objective: Metabolic disturbances such as dyslipidemia and liver enzymes changes may be associated with the risk for developing cardiac disorder as well as liver toxicity in PLWH having HAART. This study investigated the biological pattern of PLWH on effective antiretroviral therapy in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
Anti-Periodontopathic Antibody Response in Chronic HIV Infection
Authors: I SahBandar , J Terakubo , RJ Pattison , E Park , MK Oishi , MM Oishi , C Shikuma , L Ndhlovu , D Chow
Published: February 2021

Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection may alter antibody responses against periodontopathic bacteria, increasing the susceptibility for gingival and periodontal disorders in HIV-infected individuals. We describe the oral health of HIV-infected individuals receiving stable Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) and determine their association with serum anti-periodontopathic bacteria antibody level.
Assessment of the Effectiveness of the Comprehensive Integrated HIV Prevention Program in Reducing Risky Sexual Behavior and Increasing Safe Sex Practice among Minority Young Adults: A Latent Growth Curve Model Approach
Authors: N Lucas , MYB Mongkuo , MY Mongkuo
Published: February 2021

Aim: Since the early 1980s, sexual risk behaviors have become a severe public health concern in preventing the prevalence of HIV infection, especially among minority young adults. In the United States, minority young adults have higher than expected HIV infection than other racial groups. The spread of HIV infection among this vulnerable population has created a need to identify risk and protective factors, disease, and evidence-based prevention strategies to reduce disease transmission. The Comprehensive, Integrated HIV Prevention Program (CIHPP), is based on a derivative of the ecological epistemology framework that views risk factors as a multilevel concentric, including the individual, family, community, and societal levels. The framework asserts that any meaningful prevention strategy should examine these different levels and the effects on the population of interest. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of CIHPP in increasing sexual risk practice and reducing risky sexual behavior among minority young adults.
Vaccination Induced Diseases and their Relationship to Neurologic Fatiguing Syndromes, Channelopathies, Breast Implant Illness, and Autoimmunity via Molecular Mimicry
Authors: AE Brawer
Published: February 2021

Current theories utilized to explain vaccination induced diseases center mainly around autoimmune phenomena mediated by molecular mimicry to viral or bacterial antigens, bystander cellular activation, or the presence of adjuvants and hidden toxins in vaccine ingredients. Proponents of these disorders have encountered intense controversial feedback from other vaccine researchers who point out the acknowledged infrequency of vaccine complications, overly simplistic and illogical ideas of aberrant immune activation, disease heterogeneity, vaccine efficacy, and the failure to appreciate benign observations inherent to similar environmental exposures. In this report novel and plausible alternative mechanisms of disease causation are proposed by comparing the initiation and perpetuation of vaccination induced autoimmunity with biochemical and physiological disturbances occurring in seemingly disparate disorders, namely neurologic fatiguing syndromes, breast implant illness, and channelopathies. Such disturbances are capable of producing multiple overlapping amplification loops of immune dysfunction mediated by the deleterious comingling of complex interactions between indigenous host factors, mitochondria, immunocompetent cells and toxic vaccine ingredients, all of which then circuitously reinforce each other in a sustained manner.
Effect of the 90-second ‘Gear’ exercise programme on cardiometabolic risk factors in persons with an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease
Authors: Rugbeer Nivash , Demitri Constantinou  , Georgia Torres
Published: February 2021

Background: High-intensity interval training has recently gained popularity at improving cardiometabolic health. However, a close investigation of high-intensity interval training reveals that the exercise duration is similar to moderate-intensity continuous exercise.

Objective: To compare the effect of the time-efficient ‘Gear’ exercise programmes to traditional exercise on cardiometabolic risk factors in persons with an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease.

Methods: The study implemented a six-week, randomised controlled trial. The variables were low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, total cholesterol, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), blood pressure and body composition. Forty-eight participants completed the study. Participants were randomly assigned to either the ‘Gear’ exercise programme repeated at different times during the day (GEP-DT): cycled for 90 seconds, repeated three times/day, for three days/week (n = 12); ‘Gear’ exercise programme at one point in time (GEP-OT): cycled for 90 seconds followed by 4 minutes and 30 seconds rest, repeated three times at one point in time, for three days/week (n = 14); 30 minutes of moderate-intensity continuous cycling repeated three days/week at 55-69% HRmax (n = 11); and the controls, who were encouraged not to exercise (n = 11).

Results: The 90-second GEP-DT intervention reduced HbA1c post six-weeks of training (MD = ­0.1±0.4, % Δ = -1.3%, d = ˗0.70). The GEP-OT group decreased blood triglycerides with a large effect size (MD = ­0.6±1.3, % Δ = ˗31.9%, d = ˗0.83).

Conclusion: The novel 90-second ‘Gear’ exercise programme moderately reduced HbA1c and the 18-minute GEP-OT lowered blood triglycerides. ‘Gear’ exercise programmes will encourage future research in persons with non-communicable diseases, and it should be considered as a public health initiative to promote exercise in clinical, home and work environments.
(Не)время взрослеть: как меняется возраст наступления дебютных биографических событий у россиян
Authors: Митрофанова Екатерина Сергеевна
Published: February 2021

Бытует мнение, что нынешняя молодежь не только не торопится взрослеть, но и вообще отказывается обретать важные биографические события, которые как-то ограничивают их свободу и предполагают приверженность своему выбору (commitment). Чтобы узнать, так ли это, мы изучили возрасты наступления шести дебютных событий жизненного пути: получение профессионального образования, первое трудоустройство, первое отделение от родителей, первое партнерство (незарегистрированные отношения с совместным проживанием), первый брак, рождение первого ребенка.

Мы сопоставили поведение шести поколений россиян, родившихся между 1930 и 1986 годами. Выборка составила 5451 человека из панельной части обследования «Родители и дети, мужчины и женщины в семье и обществе» (РиДМиЖ) по состоянию на 2011 г. Мы не только изучили медианные возрасты наступления событий и наглядно представили их на сетке Лексиса, но также оценили шансы обретения стартовых событий при помощи регрессий Кокса (event history analysis).

Было выявлено, что серьезного откладывания или отказа от социоэкономических событий не происходит: трудоустройство и отделение от родителей минимально меняют свою позицию в расписаниях жизни молодых поколений. Возраст завершения обучения отодвинулся на более поздний срок, но это связано с существенным ростом числа получающих профессиональное образование разных уровней. Возраст вступления в первое партнерство в молодых поколениях снизился до исторического минимума, став самым ранним из трех демографических событий в жизни современной молодежи. Другие два демографических события – первые браки и деторождения – действительно, откладываются молодыми поколениями, особенно мужчинами. То есть молодежь не саботирует взросление, но дебютирует в разных сферах жизни сообразно своим жизненным расписаниям и в свое время.
Тенденции заболеваемости, распространенности и смертности от ВИЧ-инфекции и туберкулеза в регионах России в XXI веке
Authors: Астрелин Алексей Михайлович
Published: February 2021

По официальным данным Роспотребнадзора, в России проживают свыше 1 млн человек с ВИЧ-инфекцией (ВИЧ), при этом число как новых случаев заражения, так и летальных исходов непрерывно растет в течение последних двух десятилетий. По тем же данным у 50% зарегистрированных пациентов ВИЧ-инфекция сочетается с туберкулезом (ТБ), а у свыше половины умерших от ВИЧ имела место клиническая картина прогрессирующего туберкулёза.

В настоящей работе представлены результаты пространственного анализа эпидемиологической ситуации с ВИЧ-инфекцией и туберкулёзом, в том числе предпринимается попытка определения взаимосвязей развития эпидемии ВИЧ и туберкулёза на региональном уровне. Региональные тренды различаются между собой по большинству рассматриваемых позиций: динамика заболеваемости, распространённости и смертности от этих инфекций неоднородна, регионы буквально ежегодно сменяют друг друга на «лидирующих» позициях, что добавляет сложности к выделению ключевых факторов, влияющих на данные показатели. Макроуровневый анализ взаимосвязи распространённости и смертности от ВИЧ-инфекции и туберкулёза показал, что однозначно определить от чего конкретно зависит уровень смертности от ВИЧ невозможно, но он точно зависит от степени распространения ВИЧ на территории субъекта. В то же время достаточно достоверной взаимосвязи между распространённостью антиретровирусной терапии (АРВТ) и смертностью от ВИЧ обнаружить не удалось, что может служить косвенным доказательством не только недостаточного распространения АРВТ (в России на 2019 г. только половина ВИЧ-позитивных пациентов получали терапию), но и недостаточной её эффективности, например из-за слишком позднего выявления ВИЧ или начала терапии.
Purification of DPP8/9 from Sf9 Cells for structural and biochemical studies v1
Authors: R R Hollingsworth Louis
Published: February 2021

Protocol associated with "DPP9 sequesters the NLRP1 C-terminus to repress inflammasome activation" by Hollingsworth*, Sharif*, Griswold* et al., Bachovchin, and Wu. Please address any questions to Bobby Hollingsworth (bobbyh11@vt.edu).
Multiplexed RT-qPCR to screen for SARS-COV-2 B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and P.1 variants of concern v3
Authors: Vogels Chantal , Fauver Joseph , Grubaugh Nathan
Published: February 2021

With the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants that may increase transmissibility and/or cause escape from immune responses, there is an urgent need for targeted molecular surveillance methods. While sequencing is the gold standard, it cannot always be immediately scaled or implemented in some settings to detect variants when their frequencies are low. The Applied Biosystems TaqPath COVID-19 assay (ThermoFisher), a PCR test, was discovered to have a distinct signature (spike gene target failure, [SGTF]) when testing viruses containing the Δ69/70 HV deletion, like the B.1.1.7 variant first detected in the UK. However, a sample with a SGTF is not definitive for B.1.1.7, and cannot detect other variants of concern that lack the Δ69/70 HV deletion, such as B.1.351 detected in South Africa and P.1 recently detected in Brazil. We developed a multiplexed RT-qPCR assay that can detect all three variants by targeting the Δ3675-3677 SGF deletion in the ORF1a gene, which has not yet been widely detected in other SARS-CoV-2 lineages. Furthermore, by also targeting the Δ69/70 HV deletion in the spike gene, our assay can differentiate B.1.1.7 from B.1.351 and P.1. Finally, we include the CDC N1 primer and probe set in our multiplexed assay as a control to ensure that target failures are likely due to the presence of the ORF1a and/or spike deletions and that there is sufficient virus RNA for sequencing confirmation. Our multiplexed RT-qPCR assay can be rapidly scaled to support SARS-CoV-2 variant surveillance.
Metafunción textual: base para la alfabetización académica en derecho constitucional
Authors: Rojas García Ilene
Published: February 2021

El artículo atiende al imperativo de la formación para la lectura en las disciplinasen el ámbito de la educación superior. Se seleccionaron cuatro textos, usadoscomo material de estudio en el aula de Derecho Constitucional de la Universidaddel Norte, en Colombia. En ellos se describen los patrones de Tema-Rema, asícomo el método de desarrollo y el sistema de periodicidad. Desde allí se configuróla descripción del género explicativo de la doctrina del derecho. Se constata quela textura discursiva puede ocasionar dificultades en el aprendizaje de los estudiantescuando se presentan patrones no congruentes o construcciones complejas. Porejemplo, en el nivel semántico-discursivo, la información progresa mediante cláusulassubordinadas y, en ocasiones, el Tema no corresponde con la informaciónconocida. Con respecto al nivel léxico-gramatical, la presencia de términos referencialesrestringe la lectura lineal y las nominalizaciones aumentan la densidadconceptual. Además, el Tema marcado interrumpe el flujo del discurso, mientrasel uso del Tema interpersonal exige un lector experto. Estos resultados constituyenla base para una propuesta didáctica de lectura en un curso de competenciascomunicativas con énfasis en derecho constitucional; a través de la pedagogía degénero, se evidencian los patrones discursivos que intervienen en el aprendizaje.
Pomp and Circumstances: From Research, in Practice, for Students
Authors: Walsh Marr Jennifer M. , Martin Jodie L.
Published: February 2021

Circumstances are powerful grammatical tools for representing precision and specificity in the clause, and they add contextual factors necessary for nuanced disciplinary discourse. This type of detail expressed through circumstances is significant in academic discourse, yet it is often neglected in favor of attention to participants and processes. Drawing on our experiences teaching embedded, discipline-specific EAP to multilingual students at Vantage College at the University of British Columbia, we demonstrate how circumstances, and more broadly circumstantiation, generate crucial insights for both comprehension of complex academic materials and generation of student texts. We also show how circumstances are useful grammatical concepts for working across the metafunctions and ranks in multiple ways: transitivity analyses of circumstance types within disciplinary texts, for example, highlight the relationship between their deployment and genre and stage variations. Probe questions provide a pedagogical lens to see detail and context in critical reading and writing. Circumstances support organization by building Theme patterns through the strategic use of marked topical Themes, and convey interpersonal evaluation in academically appropriate ways. Finally, connecting circumstances to broader circumstantial meanings provides a powerful mechanism for paraphrasing with grammatical metaphor. All through our analyses and materials, we illustrate how explicit instruction in circumstances adds to students’ linguistic and analytical repertoires and facilitates powerful insight for how circumstantial information contributes to academic discourse and knowledge-building.
Enseñar náhuatl a través de la poesía: Una intervención didáctica desde la pedagogía de género Leer para Aprender
Authors: Hernández Laura Aurora , Delgado Aguilar Jessica
Published: February 2021

La desventaja social, cultural y educativa sufrida por la población indígena en México ha sido extensamente documentada. El país carece de una política educativa clara en materia de educación indígena, lo cual se evidencia en un vacío metodológico e instrumental dentro de las aulas. Por ello, en el programa de Maestría de Literacidades Académicas y Estudios del Discurso de la Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, se han favorecido intervenciones que aborden esta problemática y contribuyan a cambiar este adverso panorama. Una de estas intervenciones es la que aquí se presenta. Esta tuvo como objetivo la enseñanza del náhuatl como segunda lengua, utilizando los principios y la metodología del programa Leer para Aprender de la lingüística sistémico-funcional, a través de textos poéticos contemporáneos escritos en náhuatl. Los resultados de la aplicación de esta unidad didáctica indican que los participantes se confrontaron con una nueva manera de entender las acciones pedagógicas de las lenguas, que los llevó a ser más participativos y experimentar un aprendizaje más significativo en el aula. Asimismo, el ejercicio resaltó la importancia de los procesos de andamiaje explícito y situado en la construcción de ambientes de aprendizaje interculturales más auténticos, eficientes y de revaloración para la lengua indígena, tal como lo promueve esta metodología.
THE FORMATION OF THE METHODOLOGICAL COMPETENCE OF FUTURE TEACHERS BY MEANS OF PEDAGOGICAL PRACTICE
Authors: Plakhotnik О. , Kondratiuk A.
Published: February 2021

The article reveals pedagogical practice as an important component of the formation of the methodological competence of future teachers.
Methodological competence as an important tool for the teacher training is examined in the relationship of its structural components. It has been shown that among all key competencies for future teachers training the mastering the methodical competence means of pedagogical practice is absolutely important since it reflects the ability of future teachers to effectively engage in educational activities, to creatively implement the acquired theoretical and practical experience involving effective technology training and development. The article reveals the results of an empirical study aimed at revealing the dynamics of the formation of key competencies in the context of early professionalization. The lack of methodological competence as a new integrative personality issue of future teachers is assumed to become a barrier in the situation of the fulfilling professional tasks. The following methodologies were used in the empirical study: B.Dodonov's methodology "The Formula of Motivation"; the methodology of T. Dubovitska "The Level of Professional orientation". In order to study the personality-reflexive criterion as one of the components of the methodological competence of future teachers, the methodology of A. Lazukin and N. Kalin "Creativity Manifestation" has been adapted and, moreover, the author's questionnaire has been used. The sample consisted of 111 teachers and 362 students, 186 students of which belonged to the experimental group (EG), and 176 – to the control one (CG).
THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL BASIS OF THE PRACTICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL EDUCATIONOF THE FUTURE AND CURRENT TEACHERS DEVELOPED BY A. D. BONDAR
Authors: Spitsyn Y.
Published: February 2021

The article is devoted to the lecturers of pedagogical sciences, professor of the Pedagogy Chair of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Work in the field of theoretical foundations, methodological bases for the preparation and conduct of various types of pedagogical practice of students. The relevance of the return to the origins of the development and methodology for the conduct of pedagogical practice of future pedagogical and scientific and pedagogical personnel with the aim of raising the level of education and adopting appropriate changes.
KEY DIFFERENCES IN APPROACHING EDUCATION IN KINDERGARTENAND PRIMARY SCHOOL
Authors: Travar M.
Published: February 2021

The difficulties in adjustment during the transition from kindergarten to school can be caused by different approaches in education used in these institutions. Different approaches used in the educational process in kindergarten and primary school can cause unnatural distance between these institutions, although it is absolutely expected that the best possible educational effects can be achieved only with their mutual effort. Apart from parents, preschool and school teachers represent the most important factor from social surrounding which influences the development of children systematically by means of implementation of different forms of learning. In this paper, we examined the estimates of preschool and school teachers, as experts who systematically influence child development and learning, about the differences in approaching education in kindergarten and primary school. The total sample of the examinees was comprised of 94 preschool teaches and 150 school teachers. For statistical processing of the data and determining statistical significance between the differences in the estimates made by preschool and school teachers, a nonparametric technique, Mann-Whitney U test, was used. The result was statistically significant disparity in the evaluations by preschool and school teachers on the issue, which points to further important pedagogical implications. As one possible reason for significantly different estimates, we can suggest still present "poverty" of the partner relationships and relations between kindergarten and primary school, that is between preschool teachers and teachers. Based on the determined estimates of the examinees in our research, all future research should be oriented toward finding the most beneficial ways for connecting educational activities of kindergarten and primary school.
A RESPONSABILIDADE CIVIL DOS INCAPAZES E DOS PAIS POR ATOS DANOSOS PRATICADOS POR SEUS FILHOS MENORES E MAIORES DE IDADE
Authors: Périco Alexandra Vanessa Klein , Nerilo Lucíola Fabrete Lopes
Published: February 2021

O presente artigo, de caráter bibliográfico e método dedutivo, analisou a responsabilidade civil dos genitores por atos danosos praticados pelos seus filhos maiores e menores de idade. Iniciou com o estudo da responsabilidade civil dos pais pelos atos dos filhos menores, fundada na teoria do risco. À luz do direito civil, os pais respondem, perante terceiros, pelos atos dos filhos menores e não terão direito de regresso contra o descendente, inclusive não se fazendo distinção se a incapacidade do filho é absoluta ou relativa. Em geral, os pais não responderão civilmente pelas condutas praticadas pelos filhos maiores, com as exceções demonstradas e questionadas ao longo do trabalho.
REACTION OF SOME SALICYL ALDEHYDE DERIVATIVES WITH AMINES ANDPHENYL ACETYLENE
Authors: Nguyen Thi Minh Trang , Tran Thi Thu Trang , Duong Quoc Hoan
Published: February 2021

Salicylic aldehydes, amine, and phenyl acetylene could react under the solvent-free, metal-free conditions to form propargylamines 1-4 via A3 coupling reaction. The yield of the reaction was up to 83% for 5h. In acetonitrile, the amine became a catalyst to form 6-bromo-3-(5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzyl)-2-phenyl-4Hchromen-4-one (5). Under microwave conditions, it took about 20 min to complete the reaction and gave the same yields as theconventional method. Structures of these compounds were firm with NMR, MS spectra.
PRELIMINARY DATA ON DISTRIBUTION OF AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES FROM CHI LINH SPECIAL - USE FOREST IN HAI DUONG PROVINCE, NORTHERN VIETNAM
Authors: Le Trung Dung , Nguyen Hai Nam , Nguyen Phan Ngoc Linh , Do Thi Yen
Published: February 2021

Based on the novel data collected during three field surveys in 2019 and 2020, we herein provided a checklist of 13 amphibian species belonging to 10 genera (five families, one order) and 12 reptile species belonging to 12 genera (7 families, two orders) from Chi Linh Special-Use forest, Hai Duong province. In this study, Trachemys scripta is recorded as invasive alien species from the area. In terms of conservation concern, 2 species are listed in the IUCN Red List (2020) as Vulnerable (Physignathus cocincinus and Goniurosaurus lichtenfelderi) and 1 species is listed in the Vietnam Red Data Book (2007) as Vulnerable (Physignathus cocincinus). In terms of herpetological distribution, mostly recorded species were found in the evergreen forest habitat (6 species of amphibians and 7 species of reptiles). Additionally, the largest number of species were recorded in March 2019 (12 amphibian species and 4 reptile species).
PRELIMINARY RESULTS ON SPECIES COMPOSITION OF AQUATIC INSECTS IN DAI DINH TOWN, TAM DAO DISTRICT, VINH PHUC PROVINCE
Authors: Nguyen Van Hieu
Published: February 2021

In this study, specimens were collected at 5 different sites. The aquatic insects were collected both quantitatively by Surber net (size 50 cm × 50 cm, mesh size 0.2 mm) and qualitatively by hand net and pond net. A field survey was conducted in December 2019 (dry season) and in June 2020 (rainy season). The study aims to show the preliminary data on faunas and communities of aquatic insects in Dai Dinh town, Tam Dao district, Vinh Phuc province. As a result, a total of 91 aquatic insect species belonging to 76 genera, 44 families, and 9 orders were recognized. Among these, the order Ephemeroptera had the highest species number with 32 species; followed by order Trichoptera with 18 species; order Odonata with 16 species; order Coleoptera with 8 species; order Hemiptera and Diptera with 6 species, each; order Plecoptera with 3 species. Order Lepidoptera and Megaloptera had the lowest of species number, represented by 1 species for each order. Besides, the quantitative analysis results and the functional feeding groups were provided in this study.
CIRCULATORY INDICES AND THEIR RELATIONS WITH PHYSICAL STRENGTH OF KINH AND SAN DIU HIGH SCHOOL PUPILS IN TAM DAO DISTRICT, VINH PHUC PROVINCE
Authors: Do Hong Cuong , Hoang Quy Tinh
Published: February 2021

This research on morphological and physical strength was conducted on 795 pupils of high school (from 16 to 18 years), the ethnicity of Kinh (50.06%), San Diu (49.94%) in Tam Dao district, Vinh Phuc province. The objective of this research was to identify some morphological and physical strengths of male and female pupils aged 16 - 18, contributing to building Vietnamese biological values in the current period. The research results show that there were differences in morphological indicators: height was based on age and sex factors. The physical strength of the study was subjected to the normal group according to BMI. Circulatory indicators (heart rate, arterial blood pressure) had a proportional relationship to the morphological and physical index.
COSMIC OUTLOOK IN SOME WORSHIP RITUALS OF THE EDE PEOPLE IN BUON MA THUOT
Authors: Mai Trong An Vinh
Published: February 2021

For the Ede people, the universe is a combination of three horizons, including the upper sky, middle ground and lower ground. On those three horizons, gods reside and dominate almost activities in the daily life of the Ede people. The concepts of the Ede's cosmology are imbued with idealistic thought, it personalizes all phenomena and things surrounding human life. Therefore, Ede people always think that humans were male and female. Besides, in the universe of Ede, sevenis always a sacred and wonderful number because it is believed to give people warmth and peace. All these things are expressed almost comprehensively and completely in the worshiping ritual of the Ede people, hence the study of the cosmic outlook in the Ede people’s worship ritual is meaningful regarding theory and reality in preserving and promoting values in the cultural identity of the Ede people in Buon Ma Thuot in the current context, when the increasingly strong globalization in Vietnam has influenced the cultural identity of this ethnic group to change under the trend of gradual fading.
A SURVEY ON THE RESEARCH OF TRADITIONAL CULTURAL SYMBOLS APPEARED IN THE Y.KAWABATA NOVELS IN VIETNAM
Authors: Nguyen Thi Thanh Nga
Published: February 2021

Kawabata is one of Japan’s leading writers. Kawabata’s works are a place to preserve and preserve old traditional values becoming a miraculous bridge to bring Japan across the ocean to the whole world, and to bring the world to the land of beautiful cherry blossoms. Therefore, his works have been the object of many large and small research projects domestically and internationally. Within the scope of the article, we have conducted surveys of works and articles on traditional cultural symbols in Kawabata’s novels under the following angles: Biography, Poetry, Psychoanalysis and Culture, thereby, affirming the talent and the unique art style of Kawabata. Beauty is at the heart of culture and art in Japan so Kawabata’s writing point of view also focused on the ultimate beauty including its expression and the way in which it is expressed.
CAMP- ITS EXPANSION IN VERBAL ARTS, FINE\VISUAL ARTS, PERFORMANCE ARTS AND ITS POSSIBLE LINKAGE WITH SCHOOL TRANING PROGRAMS IN VIETNAM
Authors: Ho Quynh Giang
Published: February 2021

The idea about camp is still an unfamiliarity in the country of Vietnam while it is likely a large part of the daily and academic life in the western society. Camp can be found in many arts forms like literature, architecture, paintings, sculptures, music and fashion from the history up to the present days. However, it seems that the presence of camp was not widely recognized until the release of Sontag’s essay in 1964. Therefore, it has led to the rationale to make an insight into it on the scales of the above fields. From the analysis it can be summarized that camp exists in arts with three specific ways of influence. Firstly, it evokes extreme emotions among audiences while examining the arts works. Besides, camp is both evident and visible in gaudiness of the products in those target fields. Moreover, under the influence of camp all what is traditional is subverted to set a new norm welcome by the contemporaneity. Apart from this, a link between camp and liberal education is speculated urging a mobilization of camp in Vietnam schools for this country is on its way to reach liberal education. For it to be done, it requires the innitiatives from teaching staffs in terms of methodology and from learners in terms of learning attitudes. It can be concluded that the spirit of camp should be encouraged in Vietnam education even before liberal education is activated.