bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Graubünden. Ein Verein für die Baukultur. Wie sich der Bündner Heimatschutz für baukulturelle Anliegen engagiert / Canton of Grisons. An association for the building culture. How the Bündner Heimatschutz is committed to building culture issues
Authors: Seifert Ludmila
Published: February 2019

Heimatschutz is considered the most important organization for the culture of construction in the Grisons. Founded in 1905 with the aim of protecting the traditional Grisons’ culture considering landscape and nature, since the beginning it paid attention not only to the “conservation” of the architectural heritage but also to its “evolution”. At the end of the seventies driven by figures such as Peter Zumthor, the focus shifts on constructed environment with a new emphasis: paving the way to contemporary architecture. Besides taking care of the protection and redevelopment of historical buildings, the Heimatschutz commits to the contemporary development of architecture, also in contexts of territorial planning. It has three main tools: the work of public relations with publications and events, the active promotion of projects made by others and, at the end, the critic action – to the process. The Valendas case shows the proactive intervention of Heimatschutz towards solving the present problem of abandoned villages. On the contrary the discussion about the restoration of the boarding school of the Canton in Coira shows how the association was able to anchor in the public opinion the demand of a careful management of the most important buildings of a period mostly unpopular as the sixties. Nowadays the Heimatschutz counts around 450 members and thanks to a legacy of more than two millions francs can make use of a professional structure.
Trentino. Territorio, paesaggio e architettura del regionalismo / Territory, landscape and critical regionalism in Trentino
Authors: Zanon Bruno , Tecilla Giorgio , Paoli Roberto , Piccolroaz Marco
Published: February 2019

The progress of the practice and the debate on architecture in the Alpine region of Trentino, in the last fifty years, has been characterised by a pivotal role of the Autonomous Province, the local authority with key competencies in environmental matters and spatial organisation, on the one hand, and by the experimentation and the promotion of discussion events on architecture, on the other. In the Sixties, spatial planning was conceived as a key instrument to support the development of a mountain province. Change was the perspective, and this required the activation of landscape control procedures centred on the control of the quality of architectural projects. This was not enough to qualify the professional practice, although some architects were able to propose innovative projects and began to animate the cultural debate, to establish supra-local relationships and to consolidate the awareness of the role of the architectural project. The contributions proposed are aimed at critically examine such issues, with a particular focus on the experience of institutions such as the “Scuola per il Governo del Territorio e del Paesaggio” within the Trentino School of Management, the “Osservatorio per il Paesaggio” within the Autonomous Province and the “Circolo Trentino Architettura Contemporanea”. Factors that led a decisive evolution of the spatial planning framework in the last decade, characterised by a new attention to the landscape and to the quality of architectural design, thanks to cultural initiatives, occasions of debate, and training paths.
IN ALTA QUOTA CON IL DIABETE TIPO 1
Authors: Maldonato Aldo
Published: February 2019

A quasi un secolo dalla scoperta dell’insulina, la terapia del diabete tipo 1 ha fatto e continua a fare enormi progressi, tanto che un diabetologo degli anni Settanta (per esempio chi scrive) piovuto improvvisamente oggi fra noi farebbe fatica a raccapezzarsi fra insuline “ingegnerizzate”, penne monouso, microinfusori, misuratori della glicemia in continuo e algoritmi di correzione. Da una parte ciò non soddisfa appieno né i pazienti né gli operatori sanitari, i quali – tutti – auspicano che si arrivi alla scomparsa della malattia (guarigione anziché cura, ovvero cure vs care), tuttavia non si può negare che i progressi della cura hanno liberato i pazienti da tante schiavitù che li affliggevano ancora trent’anni fa, e ciò ha consentito ai giovani con diabete di cimentarsi con successo in tutte le discipline sportive (1-2), incluse quelle considerate “estreme” e una volta “proibite” ai diabetici. Fra queste, l’alpinismo – in tutte le sue declinazioni – presenta caratteristiche particolari perché, accanto ad alcuni aspetti decisamente favorevoli, come la durata medio-lunga dell’esercizio e un’intensità di sforzo che si mantiene per lo più nell’ambito aerobico, esso si svolge in un ambiente in cui le normali attività metaboliche avvengono in presenza di una minore pressione parziale di ossigeno atmosferico, e chi lo pratica deve sapere far fronte a numerosi pericoli oggettivi e soggettivi (3). Le modificazioni ormonali, cardio-respiratorie, renali e metaboliche indotte dall’alta quota sono state oggetto di studio da molti anni, ma non sempre è stato facile definirle in modo univoco a causa dell’elevato numero di variabili in gioco (tipo e intensità dello sforzo, grado di allenamento, stato nutrizionale, condizioni ambientali e meteorologiche, quota effettiva…), e della difficoltà di effettuare studi controllati su numeri sufficienti di soggetti in condizioni riproducibili. Per quanto riguarda le “persone con diabete tipo 1” (D-T1), le poche ricerche effettuate hanno mirato a chiarire se l’alta quota è alla loro portata e se può precipitare/accelerare la comparsa delle complicanze tardive.
VACCINAZIONI NEL DIABETE: TUTTE A TUTTI O QUALI A CHI?
Authors: D’Ancona Fortunato , Gianfredi Vincenza , Vitale Francesco
Published: February 2019

I vaccini costituiscono uno degli interventi di sanità pubblica più efficaci, sicuri e più costo-efficaci (1). Grazie al diffondersi delle vaccinazioni è stato possibile eradicare completamente alcune malattie infettive, come il vaiolo, mentre per altre invece, come poliomielite, difterite e tetano se ne è ridotta drasticamente la diffusione. Vaccinarsi, non solo riduce la probabilità di contrarre una determinata patologia infettiva, ma diminuisce il rischio di complicanze e morte. Il valore della vaccinazione, però, non risiede solo nella protezione dell’individuo immunizzato, ma ha un alto valore etico e sociale poiché, per alcune malattie e in presenza di coperture vaccinali molto elevate, riducendo la circolazione del microrganismo, essa è in grado di indurre una protezione collettiva, detta anche herd immunity. Tale effetto è di particolare importanza per tutti coloro che, per condizioni di salute, deficit immunitari, terapie immunodepressive o età non possono effettuare la vaccinazione o nei quali la vaccinazione offre una protezione ridotta. Il valore della vaccinazione è ampiamente riconosciuto dalla comunità scientifica e l’Organizzazione Mondiale della Sanità sia nel Global Vaccine Action Plan 2011-2020 (2) sia nel relativo European Vaccine Action Plan 2015-2020 (3), enfatizza la sua importanza, riconoscendo la necessità che ogni individuo “possa godere di una vita libera dalle malattie prevenibili da vaccinazione”. In Italia il Piano Nazionale di Prevenzione Vaccinale (PNPV) 2017-2019 (4) del Ministero della salute riconosce gli stessi principi e con maggior forza, rispetto alle edizioni precedenti, sottolinea l’importanza della vaccinazione durante tutto il corso della vita. Nel calendario vaccinale nazionale, sono state riportate, infatti, non solo le vaccinazioni da effettuare nei primi anni di vita, ma anche le vaccinazioni da effettuare durante l’adolescenza e l’età adulta, così come le vaccinazioni raccomandate per soggetti a rischio. Il calendario vaccinale individua la tempistica delle vaccinazioni, stabilita sulla base dell’epidemiologia dell’infezione, verso cui è rivolta, e dallo stato immunitario del soggetto sottoposto a vaccinazione (ad esempio stato di maturità del sistema immunitario nel bambino, livello di CD4 nel soggetto affetto da HIV). Inoltre, il PNPV, partendo dall’analisi delle priorità, tra le quali rafforzare e mettere a sistema l’attenzione per i gruppi fragili, stabilisce una serie di obiettivi da perseguire, in particolare quello di garantire l’offerta attiva e gratuita delle vaccinazioni nelle fasce d’età e nei soggetti affetti da alcune condizioni di rischio, tra cui le persone con il diabete.
Late complications in patients with intestinal ostomies who underwent a preoperative site marking
Authors: Thum Magali , Paula MARIA ANGELA BOCCARA DE , Morita Ana Beatriz , Balista Aline , Franck Ednalda , Lucas Pamella
Published: February 2019

Objectives: Describe late complications related to intestinal ostomies in patients undergoing a preoperative site marking. Method: Descriptive study with a quantitative approach. The convenience sample and was composed of 15 people with intestinal ostomies who underwent a preoperative site marking. Data collection was performed between January and March 2014 through a pre-established script that guided the physical examination and a questionnaire containing 13 questions related to the sociodemographic profile, diagnosis, and preoperative site marking. Results: It was verified that in 13 (87.7%) people who had site marked ostomies, it was located at a distance of more than 5 cm of surgical scars, iliac crest, umbilical scar, and waistline. Two people with ileostomy (13.3%) had intestinal loop protrusion short of recommended. Regarding postoperative complications, three participants (20%) presented peristomal dermatitis and one (6.7%), in addition to dermatitis, prolapse of the ostomy. Conclusion: The study showed that the postoperative complications reported by patients who underwent a preoperative stomatal site marking were poorly observed and that these was consisted of peristomal dermatitis and prolapse of the ostomy.
Potensi air limbah domestik sebagai pasokan air irigasi pada daerah padat penduduk dan krisis air
Authors: Sutriati Armaita , Ginting Nana Terangna
Published: February 2019

Indonesia merupakan negara yang paling rentan ketahanan pangannya dalam menghadapi defisit air. P.Jawa dan Bali telah mengalami defisit air irgasi sejak tahun 2003. Pengkajian potensi air limbah domestik untuk pasokan air irigasi dimaksudkan untuk alternatif sumber air baku dalam mengatasi defisit air di daerah padat penduduk seperi di P. Jawa dan Bali. Pengkajian menggunakan metoda analisis data primer dan sekunder yang diperoleh dari berbagai literatur. Hasil pengkajian menunjukkan potensi kuantitas air limbah domestik tahun 2020 rata-rata di Indonesia sekitar 228,12 m3/detik, sementara di P. Jawa sekitar 132,38 m3/detik dan di P. Bali sekitar 3,94m3/detik. Potensi nutrisi dalam air limbah domestik tahun 2020 di P. Jawa: Nitrogen sekitar 208.740 ton/ tahun atau setara dengan Urea 386.556 ton/tahun; Fosfor ton/tahun 41.748 atau setara dengan TSP 115.967 ton/tahun; dan Kalium 83.496 ton/tahun atau setara dengan KCl 185.547 ton/tahun. Manfaat dari penerapan kebijakan penggunaan ulang air limbah domestik untuk irigasi merupakan upaya mendukung pertanian yang berkelanjutan karena disamping dapat memasok air baku secara berkesinambungan pada saat defisit air, dapat pula sebagai sumber nutrisi untuk mensubtitusi kebutuhan pupuk. Penggunaan air limbah domestik untuk irigasi dapat pula memperbaiki struktur tanah dan mengurangi beban pencemaran yang masuk ke sumber air. Secara praktis, beberapa petani di sekitar Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah Domestik di Bojongsoang dan Perumnas di Cirebon telah menerima manfaat penggunaan air limbah domestik untuk irigasi terutama pada musim kemarau. Besarnya tingkat kesulitan memperoleh air merupakan faktor penting untuk keberhasilan pemanfaatan ulang air limbah untuk irigasi.
INOVASI PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM “ Pembelajaran PAI Berbasis Inquiry’’
Authors: NASUCHA JULI AMALIYA
Published: February 2019

Pendidikan Agama Islam hadir sebagai proses pembelajaran yang menitikberatkan pada “bimbingan” bukan “pengajaran” semata, karena pembelajarannya mengandung konotasi otoritatif pihak pelaksana pendidikan (pendidik). Anak didik dalam pendidikan Islam mempunyai ruang gerak yang cukup luas ketika melakukan pengaktualisasian atas potensi yang ada dalam dirinya. Anak didik yang memiliki ragam potensi, sudah seharusnya diberikan arahan dan bimbingan yang tepat, bukan arahan yang dikehendaki oleh pendidik. Karena guru hanyalah fasilitator (penunjuk jalan) bukan sebagai sumber belajar. Guru harus mampu menghormati anak didik sebagai individu yang memilliki berbagai potensi, dari kerangka pengertian dan hubungan antara peserta didik dengan pendidik, dapat pula sekaligus dihindari, apa yang disebut “banking concept” dalam pendidikan yang banyak dikritik dewasa ini. Penerapan semacam ini yang dicoba inquiry.Artikel ini mencoba untuk menelusuri Pendidikan Islam dalam era globalisasi mampu menyusun pola pikir yang sistematis supaya mampu menyesuaikan diri dengan ragam perubahan yang ada di masyarakat.
Starkregen im urbanen Raum – Methoden und Modelle
Authors: Hoppe Holger
Published: February 2019

Nicht nur vor dem Hintergrund des zukünftig erwarteten Klimawandels und der prognostizierten Zunahme von Starkregenereignissen bedarf es kommunaler Anpassungsstrategien zur Vermeidung von Schäden durch Starkregenabflüsse in urbanen Gebieten. Starkregen führen schon heute zu erheblichen Sach- und Personenschäden. Auf Bundes-, Landes- und kommunaler Ebene wurden diese Herausforderungen inzwischen erkannt und entsprechende Strategien bzw. Förderprogramme entwickelt. Der Artikel fasst aktuelle Modellansätze zur Erstellung urbaner Gefahrenkarten zusammen.
AUDIT SISTEM INFORMASI AKADEMIK PADA AMIK DIAN CIPTA CENDIKIA BANDAR LAMPUNG
Authors: Agus Isnandar
Published: February 2019

AMIK Dian Cipta Cendikia adalah salah satu Perguruan Tinggi yang menerapkan pemanfaatan teknologi informasi kedalam sistem informasi akademik. Rencana strategi Perguruan Tinggi dalam pengembangan sistem informasi belum melalui proses audit sistem informasi sehingga perencanaan sistem informasi tidak sejalan dengan kebutuhan proses bisnis yang diharapkan. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut maka diperlukan adanya audit sistem informasiakademik untuk melihat maturity level sehingga menghasilkan laporan audit sistem informasi yang dapat digunakan sebagai rekomendasi dalam perencanaan sistem informasi akademik dimasa mendatang. Audit sistem informasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan framework cobit 4.1 pada domain DS11. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara dan kuesioner.Kuesioner yang digunakan yaitu kuesioner management awareness dan kuesioner maturity level. Kuesioner management awareness untuk mengukur kinerja detailed control objective berupa manajemen data (DS11.1), pengaturan penyimpanan (DS11.2), media library (DS11.3), penghapusan data (DS11.4), backup dan restore (DS11.5) serta kebutuhan keamanan manajemen data (DS11.6) sedangkan maturity level digunakan untuk mengukur tingkat kematangan sisteminformasi untuk kondisi saat ini (as is) maupun kondisi yang diharapkan (to be). Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa kinerja detailed control objective yang diperoleh dari kuesioner management awareness pada domain DS11 adalah 56,5% responden menyatakan bahwa prosespengelolaan data masih rendah, 39,6% responden menyatakan cukup dan 3,9% responden menyatakan baik. Sedangkan hasil penilaiain maturity level menunjukan bahwa proses DS11 secara keseluruhan berada pada tingkat 2 atau repeatable but intuitive. Sedangkan maturity level yang diharapkan (to be) pada proses DS11 secara keseluruhan berada pada tingkat 4 ataumanaged and measureable. Rekomendasi perencanaan solusi menuju tingkat kematangan yang diharapkan dilakukan dengan mendefinisikan tindakan perbaikan pada atribut AC, PSP, TA, SE, RA dan GSM.
Perubahan Pemaknaan Peran Perempuan Muslim dalam Pengasuhan Anak di Pedesaan Kawasan Prambanan
Authors: Muryanti Muryanti
Published: February 2019

Muslim women worked in public sector in all variant jobs not only in urban area, but also in rural area phenomena. They had been doing it because of freedom, education, solidarity, or economic reason. When Muslim women worked in public sector, the new problems were appears, about care of children in the house as domestic work. These phenomenons were related to Indonesian’s culture and Islam perspective that believed the jobs of care of children was women burden. This article described about changing of meaning the role of Muslim women in the caring children. There were many institutions replaced care children, like day care etc. This article used qualitative research with observation and interview. The result of research, there were changing care of children in rural society. Before 2000, Muslim women were depend on family (extend family), neighbors, domestic worker, but in 2013, they prefered care of their children in the new institution (day care) because this institution gave early education to the child and save. But, majority Muslim women in this research believed that domestic works are their jobs.
Kendala Pelaksanaan Regulasi tentang Pembantu Rumah Tangga (PRT) di Yogyakarta
Authors: Muryanti Muryanti
Published: February 2019

Beberapa regulasi PRT merupakan salah satu keberhasilan advokasi gerakan sipil (NGO) baik di level Yogyakarta ataupun Nasional untuk melindungi majikan dan PRT. Produk peraturan yang dihasilkan diantaranya: Surat Edaran Gubernur DIY tahun 2003, Peraturan Gubernur DIY tahun 2010 dan Peraturan Wali Kota DIY tahun 2011 serta Peraturan Menteri Ketenagakerjaan RI No.2 tahun 2015. Tulisan ini mengkaji kendala penerapan peraturan tersebut, terkait dengan materi yang diperdebatkan. Materi tersebut diantaranya: definisi PRT apakah pembantu atau pekerja, kesulitan menentukan jam kerja PRT, kontrak kerja apakah secara lisan atau tertulis, serta kesulitan pihak ketiga (agen dan RT/RW) untuk dilibatkan dalam pross hubungan kerja. Faktor penyebabnya pada situasi apapun dan bagaimanapun pekerjaan PRT merupakan pekerjaan informal serta masih meleketanya hubungan kekeluargaan sehingga hubungan yang bersifat emosional lebih disukai daripada hubungan formal. Beberapa hal yang perlu dilakukan untuk proses pemberlakukannya perlu dilakukan dengan advokasi secara terus menerus bagi pihak-pihak yang terlibat hubungan kerja tentang pentingnya perlindungan hukum bagi PRT.
Communication in Action: Planning and Interpreting Communicative Demonstrations
Authors: Ho Mark K , Cushman Fiery Andrews , Littman Michael , Austerweil Joseph L.
Published: February 2019

Theory of mind enables an observer to interpret others' behavior in terms of unobservable beliefs, desires, intentions, feelings, and expectations about the world. This also empowers the person whose behavior is being observed: By intelligently modifying her actions, she can influence the mental representations that an observer ascribes to her, and by extension, what the observer comes to believe about the world. That is, she can engage in intentionally communicative demonstrations. Here, we develop a computational account of generating and interpreting communicative demonstrations by explicitly distinguishing between two interacting types of planning. Typically, instrumental planning aims to control states of the physical environment, whereas belief-directed planning aims to influence an observer's mental representations. Our framework (1) extends existing formal models of pragmatics and pedagogy to the setting of value-guided decision-making, (2) captures how people modify their intentional behavior to show what they know about the reward or causal structure of an environment, and (3) helps explain data on infant and child imitation in terms of literal versus pragmatic interpretation of adult demonstrators' actions. Additionally, our analysis of belief-directed intentionality and mentalizing sheds light on the socio-cognitive mechanisms that underlie distinctly human forms of communication, culture, and sociality.
Increment and decrement tone frequency effects in English-speaking adults
Authors: Cummings Alycia Erin , Seddoh Amebu
Published: February 2019

Mismatch negativity (MMN) has been shown to vary in amplitude and latency depending on deviance magnitude. However, how tone deviance direction affects its generation is poorly understood due to paucity of data. The present study sought to determine whether increment and decrement frequencies with deviance magnitudes of 20, 40, and 50 Hz yield differential MMN responses. English-speaking adults were presented two sets of standard and deviant pure tones in a passive event-related potential (ERP) oddball paradigm. Both stimulus sets had the same standard tone of 200 Hz. Each standard tone was accompanied by a set of either increment or decrement deviant tones. The increment tones were 220, 240, and 250 Hz, and the decrement tones were 180, 160, and 150 Hz. Thus, regardless of direction, deviance magnitudes were kept the same at 20 Hz, 40 Hz, and 50 Hz across each stimulus set. Results showed that ERP amplitudes varied according to deviance direction. Decrement stimuli of 160 Hz and 150 Hz elicited larger MMN responses than their corresponding increment stimuli (240 Hz and 150 Hz). These outcomes are consistent with data that indicate that the perception of low and high pitch is mediated by differential discrimination thresholds.
Measurement Memo I: Updated Practices in Psychological Measurement for Sexual Scientists
Authors: Sakaluk John Kitchener , Fisher Alexandra Noelle
Published: February 2019

The validity of psychological measurement is a crucial auxiliary theory underlying many sexual science studies. Although many sexuality researchers are familiar with certain elements of psychological measurement, the field of psychological measurement is a developing and evolving literature, with concepts, applications, and techniques that do not always trickle down quickly into interdisciplinary fields like sexual science. The purpose of this Measurement Memo, therefore, is to connect sexual scientists to measurement-related issues, explanations, and resources that they may not otherwise encounter in their scholarly reading. Our review focuses on those carrying out psychological measurement using theories and methods of latent variable modeling, and we identify and summarize key ideas and references that serve as good launching points for sexual scientists to begin to improve their psychological measurement practices, for beginners and seasoned users alike.
The Borderlands of Insanity, Thesis summary
Authors: Deligny Claire
Published: February 2019

Summary of the thesis by Claire Deligny " 'The Borderlands of Insanity': folie et pauvreté dans les asiles de Lancaster, Prestwich et Rainhill, Lancashire (1845-1914) defended in 2016 (LARCA / Université Paris Diderot). Please note that the thesis was initially written in French.
THE RELATION BETWEEN A DEVELOPMENTAL AND SOCIAL-EMOTIONAL SCREENING TEST USED IN PUBLIC CHILD DAYCARE CENTERS IN BRAZIL
Authors: Chen Yu-Chieh David , Anunciacao Luis , Squires Jane
Published: February 2019

Background: Two developmental screening instruments for infants and young children, the Ages & Stages Questionnaires-Third Edition (ASQ-3) and the Ages & Stages Questionnaires: Social-Emotional (ASQ:SE), are widely used in the US and internationally. Both tools are sometimes used concurrently but the relation between children’s scores on the two tools is seldom investigated.Methods: The Brazilian versions of ASQ-3 and ASQ:SE, known as the ASQ-BR and ASQ:SE-BR, were used for assessing 13,470 children ages one to four in public child daycare centres in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Four groups were defined according to children’s ages as one, two, three, and four year-olds. Correlation and multiple regression were employed to explore the relation between children’s scores on the ASQ-BR and the ASQ:SE-BR.Results: Results indicated that the domain scores of ASQ-BR, including communication (r = -0.38 to -0.44), gross motor (r = -0.19 to -0.32), fine motor (r = -0.33 to -0.45), problem solving (r = -0.36 to -0.42), and personal-social (r = -0.38 to -0.51) were significantly correlated with ASQ:SE-BR scores. Regression analyses suggested that the communication and personal-social domains were significant predictors of social-emotional scores in most of the age groups.Conclusion: General developmental assessment is suggested to be conducted with social-emotional screening. If the workload is heavy for administers to use both screeners concurrently, social-emotional screening is recommended for children who fail communication or personal-social domains on developmental screening tests.
Signaling with Reform: How the Threat of Corruption Prevents Informed Policymaking
Authors: Schnakenberg Keith , Turner Ian R
Published: February 2019

Lobbying is a potential source of corruption but is also a valuable source of information for policymakers. We analyze a game-theoretic model that shows how the threat of corruption affects the incentives of non-corrupt politicians to enlist the help of lobbyists to make more informed decisions. Politicians face a dilemma because voters cannot always tell whether a politician allows access to lobbyists in order to solicit corruption or to seek information. Thus, a non-corrupt politician may deny access to lobbyists to signal that she is non-corrupt even though doing so impedes her ability to make good policy. This signaling may decrease the welfare of the voters depending on the value of the lost policy information relative to the value of screening out corrupt politicians.
Assessing the organizational climate for translational research with a new survey tool
Authors: Simons Arno , Riedel Nico , Toelch Ulf , Hendriks Barbara , Ohlraun Stephanie , Liebenau Lisa , Ambrasat Jens , Dirnagl Ulrich , Reinhart Martin
Published: February 2019

Promoting biomedical translation from bench to bedside and back in organizational settings is a central challenge for research managers and policymakers. For this, organizational leaders need to assess baseline conditions, identify areas needing improvement, and to judge the impact of specific initiatives to sustain or improve translational research practices at their institutions. Currently, there is a lack of such an assessment tool addressing the specific context of translational biomedical research. To close this gap, we have developed and tested a new survey for assessing the organizational climate for translational research. This self-assessment tool measures employees’ perceptions of translational climate and underlying research practices in organizational environments and builds on the established Survey of Organizational Research Climate. Having implemented the new survey in practice, we show that scientists at a large university hospital (Charité Berlin) perceive translation as a central and important component of their work. Importantly, local resources and direct support are main contributing factors for the practical implementation of translation into their own research practice. We identify and discuss potential leverage points for an improvement of research climate to foster successful translational research.
Heritage Tourism in Japan and Nepal : A Study of Shikoku and Lumbini
Authors: Ghimire Him Lal
Published: February 2019

Tourism, the world’s largest industry, is essential to a community’s economic vitality, sustainability and profitability. The word ‘heritage’ in its broader meaning is frequently associated with the word ‘inheritance’, that is, something transferred from one generation to another. Heritage might look old-after all, the language of heritage focuses on preservation, revitalization, and restoration-but closer inspection usually reveals contemporary concerns. Heritage is the symbolic embodiment of the past, reconstructed and reinterpreted in the collective memories and traditions of contemporary societies rather than being perceived as a mere apotheosis of bygone times. It is concerned with exploring both tangible and intangible remnants of the past. Important criterion for a designation as a World Cultural Heritage site is the ‘‘authenticity’’ and ‘‘sincerity’’ of a candidate site. The heritage sites are the most susceptible and vulnerable sectors. A large number of significant heritage sites around the world are fragile properties, and they are faced with different challenges. Both Japan and Nepal is home to a variety of frequently occurring disasters, which can cause wide-ranging damage to its cultural resources. Japan and Nepal’s remarkable heritage is not only part of what makes both the countries a popular travel destination, but also something that needs to be properly protected, maintained and preserved, so that future generations can enjoy it as much as we do today. It has been interesting lesson to rest of the world that how Japan has been mitigating and surviving with large scale disasters. The Japanese culture, tradition and technology must have been playing significant role for this. The learning from Japan could be instrumental to manage, rebuild and develop heritage sites and tourism in Nepal. This article is the partial outcome of my Postdoctoral research in Japan.
Tourism Policy of Nepal and Sustainable Mountain Tourism Development in Retrospect
Authors: Upadhyay Prakash
Published: February 2019

The modern history of tourism in Nepal began with mountain tourism embodying the diversity of nature and culture, diversity, marginality, access difficulty, fragility, niche and aesthetics. Despite huge scope, Nepal has been unable to take full benefits of mountains, due to inadequate policies and fragile implementation. Pedestaled on secondary data, the key objective of this paper is to make a retrospective assessment of tourism policy and sustainable mountain tourism development efforts in Nepal. The sustainable development of mountain tourism relies on the government’s plans and policies and the efficient coordination between stakeholders. But the tourism policies have not been able to adequately address mountain tourism, and this has led to unbalanced growth of tourism sector. Despite the implementation of new Tourism Policy in 2008, adequate focus on mountain tourism is still missing. There is a lacuna of adequate driving force in tourism policy and it has failed to address vital areas of mountain tourism. Hence, there is an instant need of specific and separate mountain tourism policy encompassing integrated approach (abiding federal structure and local participation in planning and management) hence making mountain tourism sustainable, responsible and sensitive--ecologically and culturally.
Medical Tourism and Hospitality in Hospital
Authors: Kunwar Ramesh Raj
Published: February 2019

Medical tourism is a growing phenomenon with policy implications for health systems, particularly of destination countries. Both private sectors and the governments of such destinations are found playing important role for medical tourism promotion and development. This study tries to highlight a conceptual analysis of medical tourism, the targeting of medical tourism flows and major destinations, and the proposed medical tourism development strategies based on the experience of several countries regarding medical facilities. Medical tourism, where patients travel overseas for operations, has grown rapidly in the past decade, especially cosmetic surgery. The review of current literature reveals that no integrated theoretical framework for the holistic study of the medical tourism industry exists. This study examined whether the scholars who studied medical tourism and hospitality in hospitals found interrelationship between those two different sectors. Those who studied medical tourism or healthcare tourism didn’t touch on hospitality provided to hospital patients. Likewise, those who studied hospitality in hospitals also ignored the dimension of tourism. In this regard, this study shows the interrelationship between these two entities. i.e medical tourism and hospitality in hospitals which are very important for understanding the concept of medical tourism in better way. Additionally, this study also enters the sphere of cross cultural behavior and intercultural communication between the hosts and the guests.
The Construction of the Architectural Background in Melkite Annunciation Icons
Authors: Abou Ackl Rand
Published: February 2019

This article discusses the architectural backgrounds visible in Melkite Annunciation icons from Aleppo, Hama, Damascus and Latakia in Syria, dating from the middle of the seventeenth century to the end of the nineteenth century. The architectural backdrops of Annunciation icons and the architectural perspective are represented through the technique of reverse perspective. In order to emphasize that the event took place in a real place, the house of Virgin in the city of Nazareth.
أبنية الفعل الثلاثي المجرد: دراسة نظرية إحصاءية تأصيلية في المعجم الوسيط
 (The structure of single ternary verb: A theoretical statistical study with an attempt to find its origin in the al-Wasit Dictionary)
Authors: (Hanafi Haji Dolah) حنفي الحاج دوله
Published: February 2019

ملخص البحث:تَهدف هذه الدراسة إلى امتحان النظرية الصرفية القديمة في أبنية الفعل الثلاثي المجرَّد، إذ قدَّم العلماء والباحثون القدامى نظريَّات عديدة في هذا الموضوع، ويَكتفي كثيرٌ من النحاة والصرفيين المحدَثين في تأليفاتهم بِحصر تلك الأفعال ضمن الأوزان الستة وكأنَّها سماعية. وقد اعترف الصرفيُّون بصعوبة ضبط القواعد للأفعال الثلاثية المجرَّدة لكنَّهم حاولوا التقريب قدر الإمكان، إذ إن هناك خلطا في استخدام الصيغ الصرفية خاصة بين فَعَل: يَفْعُلُ ويَفْعِل ويفعَلُ، وتُعَدُّ الإحصاءات الرقمية وتحليلها تحليلا موضوعيا من أفضل الطرق لمعالجة هذا الخلط والوقوف على النسب المئوية لمعرفة الشائع والشاذ.الكلمات المفتاحية: النظرية العامة- الفعل المجرد- القدامى- المحدثون- الإحصاء. Abstract:The study aims to validate the traditional morphological theory on the bare trinary verb of Arabic. Traditional scholars had come with a number of theories to explain this particular type of verb and many modern grammarians and morphologists had restricted this type verb to six forms that are deduced through the method of hearing from the native Arab. Morphologists admitted that the effort to conclude certain rules and standards from these forms is extremely far-fetched, nonetheless they tried to approximate the rules to become as standard as possible. This is due to the mixture of forms especially with regard to the verb forms yaf-‘u-lu, yaf-i’-lu  and yaf-‘a-lu. Therefore, the statistical approach is significant to look into the spread of these forms in the dictionary in order for us to know which of the forms are widely used and which are rare and peculiar.Keywords: General theory - Bare verb – Traditional scholars – Modern scholars – Statistics. Abstrak:Kajian ini bertujuan untuk melihat sejauh mana kebenaran teori morfologi lama yang telah dikemukan oleh para ilmuwan dan pengkaji bahasa Arab zaman dahulu tentang pembinaan kata kerja thulasi mujarrad. Kebanyakkan buku-buku yang ditulis oleh ahli tatabahasa dan morfologi bahasa Arab pada hari ini membahagikan kata kerja thulasi mujarrad kepada enam wazan yang asas seolah-oleh ia diwariskan secara turun menurun (simai’). Dalam pada itu, mereka mengakui bahawa adalah sukar untuk meletakkan satu kaedah yang tetap bagi kata kerja jenis ini, akan tetapi mereka telah berusaha sekadar yang mampu walaupun terdapat kesilapan dalam menggunakan beberapa bentuk kata kerja contohnya antara فَعَل: يَفْعُلُ ويَفْعِل ويفعَلُ. Justeru, analisa secara statistik dan logik dilihat sebagai cara terbaik untuk menyelesaikan masalah ini bagi mendapatkan jumlah peratusan bagi setiap wazan dan mengetahui yang mana yang menjadi kebiasaan atau jarang digunakan.Kata kunci: Teori Umum - Kata Kerja Mujarrad – Ilmuwan Zaman Dahulu – Ilmuwan Modern – Statistik.
الدر النثير والعذب النمير في شرح كتاب التيسير للمالقي
 (Al-Durr al-Nathīr wa al-ʿadhb al-Namīr in the Sharḥ of al-Taysīr Book written by al-Mālqiy)
Authors: (Mohamad Hassan al-Tayyan) محمد حسان الطيان
Published: February 2019

تمهيد:يعود تاريخ اهتمام علماء العربية بالصوت إلى عهد تقعيدهم القواعد وتأسيسهم النحو، بل يكاد يسبق ذلك، ولعل خبر أبي الأسود حين وضع رموز الحركات يجلو شيئاً من هذه الأولية، حيث نشأت ألقاب الحركات في العربية، وعدَّت من أكثر ألقاب الأصوات توفيقاً.ثم مضى علماء العربية يؤلفون في النحو والصرف مَشُوبَيْنِ بأحكام الصوت وعلله، حتى إن كثيراً من ظواهر النحو والصرف لا يمكن تفسيرها إلا على أساسٍ صوتي؛ إذ تكمن وراءها علةٌ صوتية تؤثّر فيها وتعمل عمل العامل في النحو، كما تبنى الأبنية والصيغ في الصرف. ولا ريب أن الصرفَ أشدُّ التصاقاً من النحو بالأصوات ونظرياتها ونظمها، إذ ضم بحوثاً كاملة حقُّها أن تُدرج في علم الأصوات كالإدغام والإمالة والإبدال ونحوها، بل إن كثيراً من مباحث الصرف الرئيسة تعتمد على علل صوتية بحتة عبّر عنها المتقدمون بالخفّة والاستخفاف ودفع الاستثقال وما إلى ذلك.[i]وهكذا اختلطت بحوث الصوت بالنحو والصرف إلى حدٍّ ضاعت فيه كثرةٌ من معالمها أو كادت، غير أنها عادت لتبرز على نحوٍ واضح في عِلمَيْن آخرين نشآ في رحاب القرآن الكريم، خدمةً له، وصوناً لترتيله وتلاوته، وحفظاً لوجوه أدائه، وصدعاً بالأمر الإلهي المحكم: ﮋ ﭟ   ﭠ ﭡ ﭢ ﭣ  ﭤ ﮊ[ii]وتفصيلاً لهدي الرسول r الموحى إليه: "إن هذا القرآن أنزل على سبعة أحرف فاقرؤوا ما تيسَّر منه".[iii] وهما عِلما التجويد والقراءات حيث تفشو الكثرة الكاثرة من قواعد الصوت العربي وعلله وأحكامه.فقد أسهم علماء القراءات والتجويد في إضافة تفصيلات صوتية إلى ما أُثِر عن الخليل وسيبويه، إذ سجّلوا خصائص صوتية تنفرد بها التلاوة القرآنية، ووضعوا أصولاً وقواعد تمثل كثيراً من هذه الخصائص،[iv] مما كان لَه أعظم الأثر في علم الأصوات. وسنحاول في هذا المبحث جلاء بعض هذه الخصائص من خلال كتاب الدر النثير.[i] خليل، حلمي، التفكير الصوتي عند الخليل، ط1، (الإسكندرية: دار المعرفة الجامعية، 1988م)، ص78.[ii] سورة المزمل، الآية 4.[iii] انظر: البخاري، محمد بن إسماعيل، صحيح البخاري، (دار ابن كثير، 1994)، باب قول الله تعالى فاقرءوا ما تيسر من القرآن، رقم الحديث (7111).[iv] السعران، محمود، علم اللغة: مقدمة للقارئ العربي، (بيروت: دار النهضة العربية، د. ت)، ص69.
كلمة التحرير
 (Editorial)
Authors: (Asem Shehadeh Ali) عاصم شحادة علي
Published: February 2019

تضمن هذا العدد "لسانيات تطبيقية" مقالات عدة تدور في محاور ثلاثة: الأول الألسنية، والثاني قضايا الألسنية التطبيقية في تعليم اللغة العربية وتعلمها، والمناهج ومشاكل التعليم، وتحليل الأخطاء، والثالث قضايا لغوية وتقنية التعليم.

المقالات في هذا العدد:

- مظاهر الاتساق في النص القرآني: دراسة وصفية لغوية

- مورفيمات اللغة العربية: ترتيبها وتنظيمها في الدرس اللغوي العربي

- مبتكرات القرآن اللغوية وعاداته

- دلالة الضمة في القرآن الكريم: دراسة وصفية تحليلية

- فعالية تقنية طريقة الكلمة المفتاحية لاكتساب المفردات العربية في المدارس الثانوية

- تعليم اللغة العربية عبر ثقافتها: برامج يابانية وفرانكفونية وأمريكية في جامعة حلب نموذجا

- دراسة عن استخدام استراتيجيات التعلم لدى الناطقين بغير العربية في المرحلة الجامعية

- اتجاهات الطلبة نحو تعلم اللغة العربية في المدارس الدينية الحكومية الماليزية: المرحلة الثانوية بولاية سلانجور أنموذجاً

- معالم إسلامية في التنمية الذاتية المستدامة لمعلم اللغة

- واقع تدريب المعلمين أثناء الخدمة في الميزان

- مناهج مقترحة لتعليم التعبيرات الاصطلاحية للناطقين بغير العربية

- تصحيح الأخطاء الصفية للناطقين بغير العربية

- النحو في كتب تعليم العربية للناطقين بغيرها

- الضعف اللغوي لدى متعلمي اللغة العربية بجامعة الإنسانية: أسبابه وعلاجه

- المناظرة وسيلة للتعايش بين الأفراد والأطراف المتباينة في المجتمع

- تطبيقات التعليم الإلكتروني في تدريب أساتذة اللغة العربية بمركز اللغات والتنمية العلمية: مجموعة الأخبار نموذجاً

- برنامج خطوات تعليم مهارة الكتابة عبر برنامج (ويكي) وإجراءاتها لدى دارسي العربية بوصفها لغة ثانية نموذجاً
استخدام استراتيجيات التعلم لدى الجامعيين الناطقين بغير اللغة العربية
 (The Use of Learning Strategies among Students non-Native Arabic Speakers)
Authors: (Nadwah Haji Daud) ندوة بنت حاج داود
Published: February 2019

ملخص البحث: هذه الدراسة تبحث في استخدام استراتيجيات تعلم اللغة لدى 106 طلاب غير ناطقين باللغة العربية ومتخصصين في اللغة العربية وآدابها بالجامعة الإسلامية العالمية بماليزيا، حيث تمّ توزيع استبانة تحتوي على قائمة استراتيجيات تعلم اللغة الثانية من نموذج أكسفورد على أعضاء العينة. وتمّ تحليل استبانات العينة وإجاباتهم عن طريق نظام الإحصاء للعلوم الاجتماعية.. تهدف الدراسة إلى التعرف على اهتمامات الطلاب بالمهارات اللغويّة. واستنتجت الدراسة أن الاستراتيجيات المباشرة أخذت حظها الوافر في اختيار العينة لاستراتيجيات التعلم.الكلمات المفتاحية: الاستراتيجية- الكفاية- العينة- الأنواع- التحليل.Abstract:The paper reports on the study that was carried out among 106 respondents who are students of Arabic as second language and majoring in Arabic and Literature at the International Islamic University Malaysia. They responded to questionnaire that consisted of a list of strategies in second language learning taken from the Oxford model. The data was analyzed using the SPSS. In general, the study aims at identifying the interests of the students in the language skills. In conclusion, it was noted that the direct strategies were the most preferred strategies among the students in learning Arabic as second language.Keywords: Strategies– Competence– Sample– Types– Analysis.Abstrak:Kajian ini berhasrat mencari maklumat tentang penggunaan strategi pembelajaran bahasa di kalanga 106 orang pelajar bukan penutur berbahasa Arab yang juga mengkhusus dalam bidang Bahasa Arab & Kesusasteraan di Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia. Soal kajiselidik yang telah diedarkan di kalangan sampel kajian mengandungi item-item daripada senarai soal kajiselidik Oxford. Analisa terhadap soal kajiselidik diproses dengan dengan menggunakan SPSS. Kajian ini juga turut menyelidik perhatian pelajar terhadap kemahiran bahasa. Hasil dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa sampel kajian banyak menggunakan strategi pembelajaran secara langsung.Kata kunci: Strategi– Kecekapan– Sampel Kajian– Jenis Strategi- Analisa.
أدب الرّحالة الجزائريين إلى مكة والمدينة: دراسة وصفية تحليلية
 (The tales of Algerian journeys to Mecca and Medina: Descriptive and analytical study)
Authors: (Zohra Walid) زوهري وليد
Published: February 2019

ملخص البحث:نتناول في هذه الدراسة عرض كتابة الرحلة والكشف عن مكوناتها وأصنافها، فنرصد الاتجاهات الأساسية التي عرفتها كتابة الرحلة الحجازية في بلاد الجزائر العثمانية، ونعرف بأعمال علماء الجزائر وأدبائها عبر عرض مجموعة من الرحلات الحجازية المنظومة والنثرية لأدباء جزائريين عاشوا خلال الحكم العثماني للجزائر. ومن أهم النتائج التي نستخلصها من دراستنا لهذه النماذج ما يأتي: كل الرحالات مكتوبة باللغة العربية الفصحى ما عدا رحلة ابن المسايب التلمساني؛ وتمحورت الرحلات حول موضوع زيارة بلاد الحرمين الشريفين؛ واشترك الرحالون الجزائريون في فقه المناسك، واختلف شعورهم تجاه مكة المكرمة والأماكن المقدسة في بلاد الحجاز؛ وتزداد العناصر الأدبية بروزاً في الرحلات الشعرية حيث يؤدي الخيال الشعري دورا بالغ الأهمية في التعبير عن خلجات الشاعر الرّحال.الكلمات المفتاحية: بلاد الحرمين الشريفين- لقاء العلماء- زيارة المعالم المقدسة- الوصف الجغرافي- الأحداث التاريخية.Abstract:The study aims to present the tales of journeys undertaken and uncover their elements and categories. Subsequently, it traces the basic directions of the writings of the Hejaz travelers on their journeys to the Algerian countries under the Ottoman Empire. The works of Algerian scholars and literary figures through their journeys to Hejaz in the forms of prose and poems during the Ottoman era are also studied. Among the significant findings of the study: All of the works were written in Standard Arabic except for the work of Abu al-Masayeb al-Tilmasani; the main themes were on the visits to the two holy places, the travelers also participated in the search of knowledge regarding the conduct of Hajj and Umra; their feelings toward the two holy places were mixed; the literary aspects of the journeys were more apparent in the form of poems when their poetry imagination played a significant role in expressing feelings of the traveling poets.Keywords: The two Holy Cities - meeting of the scholars - visitation of holy places - geographical description - historical eventsAbstrak:Dalam kajian ini kita akan mengutarakan karya pengembaraan, mengesan komponen serta kategorinya, seterusnya memerhatikan arah tuju asas dalam karya pengembaraan ke negeri-negeri Hijāz di Algeria zaman ‘Uthmāniyyah. Kita akan mengetahui karya-karya para ‘Ulamā’ serta sasterawan Algeria pada zaman pemerintahan ‘Uthmāniyyah menerusi sastera pengembaraan ini samada berbentuk puisi atau prosa. Antara dapatan penting kajian ini ialah: karya-karya pengembaraan ditulis dalam bahasa Arab baku kecuali karya Ibnu Al-Musāyib At-Tilmisānī, karya pengembaraan ini berkisar pada ziarah dua Tanah Haram, kesemua pengembara Algeria berbincang tentang hukum berkaitan ibadah haji, terdapat emosi berlainan terhadap Makkah Al-Mukarramah dan tempat-tempat suci yang lain di Hijāz, komponen sastera sangat ketara dilihat dalam puisi pengembaraan yang mana khayalan memainkan peranan penting dalam penungkapan emosi sang penyair.Kata kunci: Tanah haram – mesyuarat  ‘Ulamā’ – ziarah ke tempat suci – keadaan geografi – peristiwa sejarah
"أخبار القرون من أمراء بلد إلورن" للشيخ أحمد بن أبى بكر إكوكورو: (المخطوط)
 (“’Akhbār al-Qurūn min ’Umarāʾ Balad ’Ilūrin” by al-Shaykh Aḥmad bin Abi Bakr ʾikūkūrū: (Manuscript)
Authors: (Osman Abdul Salam al-Thaqafiy) ﻋﺜﻤﺎن ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺴﻼم
Published: February 2019

مقدمةهذه المقالة محاولة أكاديمية لدراسة مخطوط الشيخ أحمد بن أبي بكر إكوكورو الفلانيالإلوري المسمى أخبار القرون من أمراء إلورن بصفته إسهاما منه في تطوير اللغة العربية وآدابها في نيجيريا ولاسيما في مدينة إلورن وما حولها من القرى والمدن.والكتاب تحت الدرس يمكن لنا تحقيقه وصحة نسبته إلى مؤلفه بثلاثة أوجه:الوجه الأول: أن المؤلف بعد ما أثنى على ربّه وصلى وسلم على أشرف رسله نسب الكتاب إلى نفسه بذكر اسمه في مقدمة كتابه وخاتمته كيلا ننسب كتابه إلى غير مؤلفه من علماء إلورن.الوجه الثاني: أنه بعد ما أتم تأليفه سنة 1912م في عهد الأمير سليمان سادس أمراء إلورن عرضه على كبار علماء عصره كالشيخ محمد بن أحمد بيغورى المتوفى سنة 1913م والشيخ أحمد ينما بن محمود وغيرهما كما عرضه على كبار تلاميذه فكل من الشيخ بدماص بيت مصلح البلد والشيخ أبىبكر الصديق سكاما والشيخ محمد الجامع أجنغولو والشيخ يعقوب بن إمام الجامع إكرون وغيرهم من تلاميذه له نسخة من ذلك الكتاب فداع ذكره ودراسته في مدينة إلورن وفي سائر بلاد يوربا. وكان نصه المخطوط موجودا في مكتبة كل من أولئك العلماء.الوجه الثالث: أن شيخنا المرحوم آدم عبد الله الإلوري وزع هذا الكتاب بعد كتابته بالآلة الكاتبة على المدارس العربية في بلاد يوربا وعلّق عليه تعليقا لطيفا يدل على أن مؤلفه هو الشيخ أحمد بن أبى بكر إكوكورو الفلاني الإلوري.
الدراسة المصطلحية لدى الشاهد البوشيخي: المفهوم والمنهج
 (The Study of Terminology by al-Shāhid Al-Būshaykhī: The Concept and Methodology)
Authors: (Taieb Rahmani) الطيب رحماني
Published: February 2019

مقدمة:تنبع أهمية الدراسة المصطلحية لدى الشاهد البوشيخي من صلتها بالذات الحضارية للأمة التي تعيش مرحلة صعبة على جميع الواجهات، مما يجعل تكاثف الجهود مطلب العصر حتى يتسنى تحقيق الإقلاع الحضاري، ولن يتحقق ذلك إلا بإتيان البيوت من أبوابها وهي المصطلحات.إن الحرب المعلنة على الأمة اليوم هي حرب مصطلحات يقذف بها في مختلف الحقول المعرفية، ليصيب شررها عقول المسلمين الذين ولوا وجههم شطر المصطلح الوافد،[i] أفرادا ومؤسسات.ولعل مسألة من الأهمية بهذا القدر تحوج المهتمين بها إلى الاهتمام بالمنهج كل الاهتمام حتى لا يضلوا السبيل ويحيدون عن الصواب، فيفوتهم  المراد. ولا ضير في أن نعد الأستاذ الشاهد البوشيخي رائدا من رواد الدراسة المصطلحية في العصر الحديث، بما بذله من جهود في الميدان، وما أصدره من أبحاث تحاول تسطير نسق تنظيري يحتضن المسألة المصطلحية عبر منهج محكم الخطوات، يمكن من رصد ممتلكات الأمة العلمية في الماضي والحاضر قصد استشراف آفاق المستقبل، وفي هذا العرض محاولة للوقوف على وجهة نظر الأستاذ في الدراسة المصطلحية وما تقوم عليه من أسس علمية ومنهجية.[i]  البوشيخي، الشاهد، نظرات في المصطلح والمنهج، ط4، (فاس: أنفو برانت، د. ت)، ص9.