bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Homeopathic Treatment in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Long-term Follow-up Single Case
Authors: Dutta Abhijit , Bhattacharya Soumya , Sahoo Sanjib , Mondal Mahadev , Srivastava Tanisha
Published: February 2023

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, multisystem, inflammatory autoimmune disease primarily affects symmetrical joints, followed by skin, eyes, heart, kidneys, and lungs. The progression is marked by erosion of cartilage and bone resulting in pain and deformity of joints. Despite the rising number of new medications and treatment regimes, several patients do not attain long-term disease remission, necessitating the development of new therapeutic choices. We present a case of a 48-year-old female presented with pain, swelling and stiffness of different small and big joints of two years duration which later diagnosed as Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) based on The American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism (ACR/EULAR) Classification Criteria for Rheumatoid Arthritis. Following thorough clinical evaluation, the case was treated with Natrum Sulphuricum and Thuja Occidentalis in varied potency at different time points, tailored as per the presentation. Marked improvement was observed in about 10 months of treatment. Outcomes were evaluated through clinical presentation, visual analogue scale for pain (VAS-P) and stiffness (VAS-S), and Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) score measured at various time points. The before -after treatment score in the VAS-P, VAS-S and PCS were 90-0, 90-0 and 36-6, respectively. The change in Serum RA factor was 1375.84 IU/ml to 87.20 IU/ml, and 84 mm/hr to 36 mm/hr in Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), following the treatment. This case illustrates the utility of homoeopathy to treat a RA patient with a very difficult and lengthy clinical history. However, a single case cannot be used to determine the causal attribution, hence an adequately powered randomised clinical trial is recommended.
Influence of Maternal Exercise on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Offspring Stem Cells: ENHANCED by Mom. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022 Jul 13;107(8):e3353-e3365
Authors:   Diksha
Published: February 2023

Modern preclinical studies have suggested that during pregnancy, exercise may enhance the metabolic phenotype of both mother and developing offspring, although human progeny studies are still lacking.
Effect of Substrate, Growth Condition and Nutrient Application Methods in Morphological and Commercial Attributes of Hybrid Rose (Rosa indica L.) Cv. Kardinal
Authors: Almas Munawar Hussain , Shah Riaz Ali , Tahir Syed Muhammad Hamayun , Manzoor Mujahid , Shafiq Muhammad , Shah Monis Hussain , Hashmi Muhammad Muneeb , Ali Mobeen , Bhatti Muhammad Hamza Tariq , Sami Adnan , Haider Muhammad Saleem
Published: February 2023

Rose is an important plant around the world. The largest trader of rose cut-flower and hybrid varieties is Netherland. Countless varieties are introduced in agriculture business for commercial production. While countless soil and soilless substrates are also utilized for commercial production of rose around the globe. Due to that it is important to standardize and see the best soil or soilless substrate for better production of commercial cut-flowers in Rose. Various soil substrates and growing environment (Under partial shade, 70% sunlight and open sun light) was observed for better commercial yield in Rose. The balance fertilizer was applied in both A: Foliar spray (300:300:300 ppm of NPK) along with the various soil substrates of GS: PR: CCD (1:1:1), GS: LC (1:1), GS: PR (100%) and FYM: SL: CL (1:1:1). The liquid substrate was distilled water for foliar application. The foliar application was done after each day. The other nutrient application process was B: soil application of macro nutrient (2g/L of 17:17:17-NPK) along with GS: PR: CCD (1:1:1), GS: LC (1:1), GS: PR (100%) and FYM: SL: CL (1:1:1). Each plant was saturated with 2 days interval. The fertigation was carried by mixing above mentioned fertilizer with the canal water having EC: 0.4 dSm-1 and pH: 6.9 pH. The performance of plants was observed by observing the attributes such as Plant survival (%), Number of flowers per plant, Plowers stem length (cm), Plant health (Number of leaves, leaf size (cm), Flower diameter (mm), Flower stem size (mm) and Flower stem diameter (mm). Completely randomized experimental design (CRD) was used for calculating means of various treatments. The best treatment was FYM: SL: CL for both under partial shade (70%) and open sun light for the significant growth and development of plant morphological and commercial attributes. The same treatment with soil application of 2g/L of NPK (17:17:17) after each day is recommended to the commercial growers of Rose throughout the flowering season.
Morphometric analyses & DNA Barcoding of Acrididae (Orthoptera: Caelifera) using Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I Gene
Authors: Babar Abdul Aziz , Sultana Riffat , Kumar Santosh
Published: February 2023

DNA barcode data of Acrididae is limited in global data bases from Sindh, Pakistan. Hence, the present study was aimed to collect some selected Acridid species from the Sindh and generate DNA barcode data to improve the global database sequencing. Specimens were collected from cultivated, sandy, rocky, vegetation, grassy, desert, semi desert, roadside and open area of the upper Sindh districts i.e., Dadu, Ghotki, Jacobabad, Kashmore, Khairpur Miras, Larkana, Naushahro Feroz, Qambar & Shahdadkot, Shikarpur, Sukkur. Seven species of Acrididae were under discussion i.e., (24%) followed by Acrida willemsei (19%), Truxalis eximia eximia (15%), Aiolopus thalassinus thalassinus (13%), Acrotylus longipes longipes (10%), Aiolopussimulatrix (10%) and Sphingonotus savignyi (09%) belong to 3 sub-families i.e., Acridinae, Oedipodinae and Oxyinae. Moreover, maximum number of specimens belonged to Oxyinae. The present study suggests the collection of multiple specimens from different geographical locations and the generation of more DNA barcode data would facilitate the actual diversity amongst this taxon.
A new glassfrog species of the genus Centrolene (Amphibia, Anura, Centrolenidae) from Cordillera del Cóndor, southern Ecuador
Authors: Székely Paul , Córdova-Díaz María , Hualpa-Vega Daniel , Hualpa-Vega Santiago , Székely Diana
Published: February 2023

Based on an integrative taxonomical approach, using molecular, morphological, and bioacoustics data, a new species of glassfrog of the genusCentroleneis described from Refugio de Vida Silvestre El Zarza, southern Ecuador.Centrolene zarzasp. nov.is a medium sized species, easily distinguished from all other glassfrogs by its unique combination of characters, such as a shagreen dorsum with elevated warts corresponding to white spots, an evident tympanum, half or more than half of the upper parietal peritoneum covered by iridophores, iridophores absent on all visceral peritonea, including the pericardium, a lobed liver lacking iridophores, males with small projecting humeral spines, the outer edges of forearms and tarsus with a row of enameled warts that often continue into the external edges of Finger IV and/or Toe V, and white or yellowish white iris with thick black reticulations. The new species is closely related to a currently undescribed species and superficially resemblesC. condor,C. pipilata,C. solitaria,C. altitudinalis, andC. daidalea. The tadpole and advertisement and courtship calls are described, and the threats to the species survival, mainly represented by habitat loss and contamination due to mining activities, are briefly discussed.
Discrete Dirac reduction of implicit Lagrangian systems with abelian symmetry groups
Authors: Abella Álvaro Rodríguez , Leok Melvin
Published: February 2023

This paper develops the theory of discrete Dirac reduction of discrete Lagrange–Dirac systems with an abelian symmetry group acting on the configuration space. We begin with the linear theory and, then, we extend it to the nonlinear setting using retraction compatible charts. We consider the reduction of both the discrete Dirac structure and the discrete Lagrange–Pontryagin principle, and show that they both lead to the same discrete Lagrange–Poincaré–Dirac equations. The coordinatization of the discrete reduced spaces relies on the notion of discrete connections on principal bundles. At last, we demonstrate the method obtained by applying it to a charged particle in a magnetic field, and to the double spherical pendulum.
A new Tseng method for supply chain network equilibrium model
Authors: Shan Zhuang , Zhang Leyou
Published: February 2023

To solve the equilibrium problem of the supply chain network, a new subgradient extragradient method is introduced. The proposal achieves adaptive parameter selection, and supports a one-step subgradient projection operator, which can theoretically reduce the computational complexity of the algorithm. The introduction of subgradient projection operators makes the calculation of algorithms easier, and transforms the projection difficulty problem into how to find suitable sub-differential function problems. The given convergence proof further shows the advantages of the proposed algorithm. Finally, the presented algorithm is operated to a concrete supply chain network model. The comparisons show the proposed algorithm is better than other methods in term of CPU running time and iteration steps.
Savoir et pouvoir dans les œuvres juridiques d’Alphonse X : une synthèse et une hypothèse
Authors: A. Panateri Daniel
Published: February 2023

La présente étude a pour objet l’analyse du récit de droit présent dans l’œuvre juridique d’Alphonse X, en particulier dans les Siete Partidas. Dans cette œuvre, le récit en question est centré sur le concept de connaissance comme élément structurant de l’image du pouvoir, image que reflète l’œuvre juridique. Cette image du pouvoir est également produite par le texte lui-même. L’analyse proposée consistera donc en une présentation de différents cas présents dans l’ouvrage susmentionné. Il s’agira d’aborder les divers modes d’action narrative des concepts impliqués dans la construction de ce récit, mais aussi les points communs qui existent entre ces concepts. Ceux-ci supposent l’existence d’un système conceptuel alphonsin dans lequel l’utilisation des notions de savoir et de pouvoir entraîne des différences qui répondent à des stratégies spécifiques au sein même du texte. Ces différences produisent toutefois et, en même temps, un fort sentiment d’unité, renforcé par des phénomènes d’agrégation et de complémentarité.
La General estoria y la materia antigua en la corte de Alfonso XI: el manuscrito BNE 10 237 (K)
Authors: Pascual-Argente Clara , Rodríguez Porto Rosa M.
Published: February 2023

El manuscrito BNE 10 237, también conocido como K, contiene la primera mitad de la Segunda Parte de la General estoria. Hasta el momento, este códice ha interesado a los estudiosos por contener una versión del texto previa a la revisión final, durante la cual se censuraron algunos pasajes. Este artículo examina las características materiales y paratextuales de K, prestando particular atención a su mise en page, así como a la tabla de contenidos selectiva que aparece al principio del volumen, centrada en episodios de historia gentil. A partir del análisis de estas características, argumentamos que este manuscrito fue creado en la corte de Alfonso XI, en un periodo en el que la historia de la antigüedad pagana despierta especial interés.
The role of physical agents’ exposure in male infertility: A critical review
Authors: Giulioni Carlo , Maurizi Valentina , Galosi Andrea Benedetto
Published: February 2023

Background: A decrease in semen quality is an increasingly widespread pathological condition worldwide. Jobs and lifestyles have changed a lot with the advancement of technology in the last few decades, and a new series of risk factors for male infertility have spread. Objective: This review aims to summarize the current literature on this relationship, evaluating alterations in semen parameters and hormonal proﬁle. Methods: A deep research was performed through MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science on articles regarding the relationship between physical agents and male fertility over the last twenty years. Some physical agents already associated with male infertility, such as heat and radiation, while emerging ones, such as physical exertion, psychological stress and seden-tary activities, were newly considered.Results: Most studies described sperm quality after exposure. Overall sperm impairment was shown after radiation and alter-ation of speciﬁc parameters, such as sperm concentration, were observed after psychological stress and sedentary work. In addi-tion, an association was also reported between physical exertion and hormonal proﬁle, especially pituitary hormones and testos-terone.Conclusions: Although the associations between physical agents and male infertility are suggestive, the level of evidence of the studies is not adequate to deﬁne their inﬂuence, except for phys-ical exertion. Therefore, new prospective studies are necessary for the validation of the correlation and the possible safeguard-ing of the exposed working classes.
Prostate-speciﬁc antigen response after Abiraterone treatment in mCRPC: PSA as a predictor of overall survival
Authors: Mendonça Macedo Alexandre , Gameiro Marques Rita , Cunha André Margarida , Silva Figueira Nuno , Leal Carvalho Miguel
Published: February 2023

Objectives: Abiraterone Acetate (AA) is an important agent in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. It was primarily approved for the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) after failure of androgen deprivation therapy. There is still no avail-able strong data regarding the impact of early decline of prostate-speciﬁc antigen (PSA) in the overall survival. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efﬁcacy of an early prostate-speciﬁc antigen response as a predictor of overall sur-vival (OS) in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer when treated with Abiraterone Acetate. Materials and methods: A dual center, retrospective, cohort study on patients diagnosed with mCRPC treated with abi-raterone between 2013 and 2020 was performed. Primary end-point was to demonstrate the efﬁcacy of AA, with the analysis of PSA decline, and the correlation with overall survival.Results: The cohort analysis consisted of 84 patients with a median age of 71 ± 9 years. A PSA response of > 30% and
> 50% at 60 and 90 days was associated with improved OS. Multivariate analysis revealed that a 60 day PSA decline of
> 30% was predictive of overall survival. Median OS of diag-nosed mCRPC patients was 28 months. Docetaxel pre-treatment was not associated with longer OS. The median duration of drug exposure for patients submitted to AA was found to be 14 months.
Conclusions: Early PSA response rate can offer clinically mean-ingful information and can be considered a surrogate of longer OS. A > 30% or > 50% prostate-speciﬁc antigen decline at 60 and 90 days provided an important low-cost clinical tool to pre-dict subsequent events in mCRPC patients treated with abi-raterone.
Identification of medicinal plants used for chronic kidney disease: An update of reported literature in South Africa
Authors: Govender Shamanie , Singh Karishma , Coopoosamy Roger M. , Adam Jamila
Published: February 2023

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a debilitating condition that is becoming more common around the world, as well as a financial and social burden on healthcare systems. If not treated with kidney replacement therapies, kidney failure, the final stage of CKD, can be fatal. Chronic kidney disease patients are now seeking the use of alternative remedies, including medicinal plants, as the primary source of healthcare.Aim: This review aimed to evaluate the use of medicinal plants in the treatment of CKD and other associated kidney diseases in South Africa.Method: This article summarises previous research (2010–2021) on the impact of traditional plant-based medicine in CKD treatment and identifies the context between traditional and conventional medicines. Various scientific databases were used to source key literature.Results: The findings of this study revealed 10 medicinal plant species from nine different botanical families that are commonly used for the treatment of CKD and other kidney-related diseases in South Africa. In addition, the study demonstrated that despite medicinal plants having toxic impacts, they were still the preferred choice of medication for CKD, especially in developing countries.Conclusion: It is crucial to validate the balance between the risks and benefits of medicinal plants in CKD treatment to further enhance the credibility of medical plants in drug development.Contribution: This study contributes to the existing knowledge of medicinal plants used in CKD treatment primarily in South Africa.
Prediction of Tractor CG by Considering the Safety Devices at Concept Level
Authors: vivekanandan cEng thirugnanam , k Hariharan
Published: February 2023

Tractor weight transfer is the most common farm-related cause of fatalities nowadays. As in India it is getting mandatory for all safety devices across all HP ranges. Considering any changes in the weight from an attachment such as Rops, PTO device, tow hook and draw bar etc. can shift the center of gravity towards the weight. center of gravity is higher on a tractor because the tractor needs to be higher in order to complete operations over crops and rough terrain. Terrains, attachments, weights, and speeds can change the tractor’s resistance to turning over. This center of gravity placement disperses the weight so that 30 percent of the tractor’s weight is on the front axle and 70 percent is on the rear axle for two-wheel drive propelled tractors and it must remain within the tractor’s stability baseline for the tractor to remain in an upright position. In our present study formulating the prediction of tractor CG by using a modified excel spreadsheet package employing the parameters of the model, tractor CG were then determined. Finally, the effects of changes in the parameters of the model were evaluated and results of the analyses indicate the changing the tractor CG about the x-axes and y-axes have an influence on the weight distribution of the tractor from front and rear wheel, whereas increasing the tractor weight percentage on the front wheel have an benefit of tractor less lifting on the front end.
Numerical Investigations on Thermo-Structural Behavior of Various Cut Patterns for Ventilation on Automobile Brake Discs
Authors: Kumar Aditya , Bhurat Swapnil
Published: February 2023

Overheating of the brake disc is a major concern in the brake performance. Overheating is the main cause of a reduction in braking efficiency, especially if a vehicle is fully loaded. The heat dissipation rate for Solid rotors is very low. In order to increase the heat dissipation rate, the disc must be used with ventilation provided on it. Further in ventilated disc rotors, the ribs in between the rotors provide cooling. The ribs allow the flow of heat and pull out the air in between the rotors for efficient cooling. In this research, four different brake disc namely, Solid Disc (SL), Cross-drilled disc (CD), Cross-slot disc (CS) and Hybrid disc (CD-CS-SG) which is a combination of Cross drilled and slot with side groove have been analyzed at various brake conditions in the form of heat generation and thermal stresses. The temperature gradient over the surface is studied using the thermal numerical simulations and the stress generated within the structure core of hybrid rotor is studied using the thermo-structural coupling. These results of the optimized hybrid rotor are compared with the results of the primitive design of solid, cross-slotted and curved vane ventilated disc rotors. The results when compared at a given constant angular velocity, the hybrid ventilated brake disc rotor with a side groove proves to be superior to the primitive types in mechanical and thermal properties. It is also been observed that the disc surface temperature was increased with an increase in braking time. Whereas, heat dissipation was found to be maximum in the hybrid brake disc as compared to all configurations. More thermal stresses were observed in hybrid brake disc especially at the corners as compared to solid disc.
An Extensive Optimization Methodology to Validate the Exhaust After-Treatment System of a BS VI Compliant Modern Diesel Engine
Authors: Vellandi Vikraman , NAMANI Prasad
Published: February 2023

The Indian automotive industry has migrated from BS IV (Bharat stage IV) to BS VI (Bharat Stage VI) emission norms from 1st April 2020. This two-step migration of the emission regulations from BS IV to BS VI demands significant engineering efforts to design and integrate highly complex exhaust after-treatment system (EATS). In the present work, the methodology used to evaluate the EATS of a high power-density 1.5-liter diesel engine is discussed in detail. The EATS assembly of the engine consists of a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC), a diesel particulate filter with selective catalytic reduction coating (sDPF), urea dosing module and urea mixer. Typically, all these components that are needed for emission control are integrated into a single canning of shell thickness ~1.5mm. Moreover, the complete EATS is directly mounted onto the engine with suitable mounting brackets on the cylinder block and cylinder head. The mounting brackets of the after-treatment system should be stiff enough to withstand the high cycle fatigue vibration loads coming from the engine. On the other hand, the brackets should allow the system to expand freely under high temperatures to avoid any low cycle fatigue issues created due to thermal loads at 800 deg.C. Hence, a robust methodology is followed to ensure the robustness of the entire system. The methodology included the prediction of metal temperature using a conjugate heat transfer analysis, high-temperature modal analysis, stress-strain analysis and high-cycle vibration fatigue analysis. In order to evaluate the system from the thermal compliance point of view, a high-temperature stress-strain analysis is carried out in a thermal shock test cycle. The simulation results have shown that the brackets positioned at the near-zero thermal expansion zone could have a much lesser plastic strain due to reduced thermal stress. Taking advantage of this, the stiffness of the brackets could be increased to improve the modal frequency values and robustness against high-cycle vibration fatigue. The paper gives a detailed insight on optimizing the bracket design of the EATS to ensure that a robust design solution is finalized.
Design and Implementation of Field Oriented Control Strategies for Starter Generator Machine
Authors: Neelakandan Varatharaj , adhavan Adhavan , Ganesan Thulasirajan , Radhakrishnan Muruganandam , Chakrapani Rao Praveen
Published: February 2023

This paper presents a proposed space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) controller for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). The Space vector pulse width modulation controller is used for power loss, torque ripple minimization of this type of motors. The proposed controller is a newly applied of Belt starter generator (BSG). The dynamic response of the BSG with the proposed controller is studied during the starter and generator modes with desired torque and speed with the optimal Id, Iq current input. The effectiveness of the proposed space vector pulse width modulation is then analyzed with Field oriented control (FOC) characteristics in the BSG operating system. The analysis results are presented to demonstrate the characteristics and effectiveness of the proposed control techniques.
Modeling and Simulation of a Fighter Aircraft Cabin Temperature Control System Using AMESim
Authors: A Sathiyaseelan , V Arul Mozhi Selvan
Published: February 2023

Environmental Control System (ECS) of an aircraft is a complex system which operates classically in an air standard refrigeration cycle. ECS controls the temperature, pressure and flow of supply air to the cockpit, cabin or occupied compartments. The air cycle system of ECS takes engine bleed air as input. Parameters like bleed air pressure and temperature, mass flow, the external factors like ambient temperature, pressure, and aircraft attitude affect the performance of ECS to a large extent especially during transient. So, it is very important to consider the transient characteristics of these parameters in the design stage itself in order to ascertain the dynamic response of the system. This paper explains in detail the importance of transient input characteristics during the detailed design of ECS. A typical temperature control scheme for combat aircraft ECS has been studied and modeled in LMS AMESim. Cases of transient response of temperature control system are simulated and confirmed with actual scenario. The validated model and results can be used in designing a better control on ECS.
Tribological Behaviour of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Bio Degradable Material as an Alternative Frictional Brake Pad in Automobiles
Authors: gopal Shanthosh , Ranganathan Soundararajan , Kumar K Sathish , Bojan Sanjay Gandhi
Published: February 2023

Brake pad is considered to be the most essential part of the vehicle. Owing to environmental requirements, natural materials are the raising alternative sources for manufacturing degradable specimens. The main intern of this work was to study the tribological properties of carbon fibre with Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) resin, Cashew Nut Shell (CNS) filler, nano Silicon dioxide (SiO2), alumina and graphite. Four samples of varying composition were prepared under optimum process parametric conditions using compression moulding machine. The prepared samples are taken for tribometer test using pin-on-disc apparatus at room temperature. In this load of 10,20,30,40N and sliding distance of 1000,2000 m are applied and responds like wear rate and co-efficient of friction were noted. In addition, the comparisons of hardness of the specimens before and after the tribometer test were also made to note the behaviour of specimens after exposure to thermal and loaded condition. The sample of 40wt% CNSL resin, 35wt% of Carbon fiber and 10wt% of CNS filler with fixed 10 wt. % of SiO2, 3 wt. % of Al2O3 and 2wt.% graphite shown lesser wear rate and improved coefficient of friction. Hence frictional material of this composition will be a better choice for replacing the conventionally used organic and non-organic brake pad material.
Concept Design and Analysis of Mini E-Tractor
Authors: Chorghe Vaibhav Changdev , Das Amitabh , Agrewale Mohammad Rafiq , BHATESHVAR YOGESH , Vora Kamalkishore
Published: February 2023

This paper deals with the concept design of a mini tractor which is suitable for mild ploughing operations with 5 kW electric motor. The low cost battery driven mini tractor operates on a lead acid batteries. The design principles and calculations of electric tractor powertrain are studied and delineated in details. By using these calculations, parameters of the major powertrain components like drive motor, battery and transmission are obtained. The powertrain model of an electric tractor is modelled with MATLAB/Simulink to estimate the traction and battery performance. The CAD model of tractor is prepared in Solidworks and CAE analysis of chassis is performed using ANSYS Workbench to ensure safety and reliability. Calculations are performed for tractor subsystems such as steering system and braking system. The analysis results confer the design as safe and satisfactory in terms of performance.
Criterion "The Good of the Child" in the Legal Order: Between the Normative Structure and Judicial Case Law
Authors: Hanas Katarzyna
Published: February 2023

The good of the child in the course of the operative interpretation constitutes not only a theoretical and legal issue, but also a practical one. The "good of the child" is the basis for the formulation of numerous legal provisions, which seemingly do not refer to this criterion. However, important normative acts that indicate the presence of this category are: the Declaration of the Rights of the Child, adopted by the General Assembly of the League of Nations in 1924, the so-called Geneva Declaration and the Constitution of the Republic of Poland of 1997. The criterion of "the good of the child" as an element of the normative structure appears, for example, in the UN Declaration on the Rights of the Child of 1959 and the Convention on the Rights of the Child of 1989. In referring to the content of normative acts whose subject-matter is the "good of the child", it can be pointed out that the indicated criterion should be associated with the child's right to a happy childhood and the concept of humanity. Therefore it seems that the term in question must be interpreted in precisely this tone.
The Internal Operads of Combinatory Algebras
Authors: Hasegawa Masahito
Published: February 2023

We argue that operads provide a general framework for dealing with polynomials and combinatory completeness of combinatory algebras, including the classical $\mathbf{SK}$-algebras, linear $\mathbf{BCI}$-algebras, planar $\mathbf{BI}(\_)^\bullet$-algebras as well as the braided $\mathbf{BC^\pm I}$-algebras. We show that every extensional combinatory algebra gives rise to a canonical closed operad, which we shall call the internal operad of the combinatory algebra. The internal operad construction gives a left adjoint to the forgetful functor from closed operads to extensional combinatory algebras. As a by-product, we derive extensionality axioms for the classes of combinatory algebras mentioned above.
A Categorical Normalization Proof for the Modal Lambda-Calculus
Authors: Hu Jason Z. S. , Pientka Brigitte
Published: February 2023

We investigate a simply typed modal $\lambda$-calculus, $\lambda^{\to\square}$, due to Pfenning, Wong and Davies, where we define a well-typed term with respect to a context stack that captures the possible world semantics in a syntactic way. It provides logical foundation for multi-staged meta-programming. Our main contribution in this paper is a normalization by evaluation (NbE) algorithm for $\lambda^{\to\square}$ which we prove sound and complete. The NbE algorithm is a moderate extension to the standard presheaf model of simply typed $\lambda$-calculus. However, central to the model construction and the NbE algorithm is the observation of Kripke-style substitutions on context stacks which brings together two previously separate concepts, structural modal transformations on context stacks and substitutions for individual assumptions. Moreover, Kripke-style substitutions allow us to give a formulation for contextual types, which can represent open code in a meta-programming setting. Our work lays the foundation for extending the logical foundation by Pfenning, Wong, and Davies towards building a practical, dependently typed foundation for meta-programming.
Can Perfume Allergy Cause Glycosuria?
Authors: Rukh Mah , Naeem Aqsa , Bibi Abida , Hussain Syed Bilal , Imran Qadir Muhammad
Published: February 2023

The main aim of this research is to correlate relation between ornament allergy and glycosuria. Glycosuria is a process in which glucose is removed from urine. The value of glucose in blood must be less than 7 mmol/L. Glycosuria is caused by diabetes, high sugar diet, emotion and liver cirrhosis. Some people are sensitive to some fragrances or ornaments when they come in contact with these ornaments, they show marks of allergy like disease in respiratory track, fever, rashes and headache. The best treatment is to avoid such ornaments having unpleasant sharp smell which cause rashes. 17% males have glucose in urine and show perfume allergy while 1.25% females have glucose in urine and have perfume allergy.
Advanced Bioinformatics Tools, coupled and integrated with Manual Techniques, demonstrated the definitive resolution of the plantar deformation, Hallux Valgus, with a long-time outcome of absence of recrudescence
Authors: Maksimovic A. , S. Turini
Published: February 2023

Background: Hallux Valgus is a type of plantar deformation that involves an angular deviation of the big toe, inwards, with respect to the long axis of the foot. This creates a state of chronic inflammation with a formation of protusion on articulation of big toe called bunion. As a consequence, people can lose capacity of deambulation and require the contribution of self-propelled supports. The treatment consists of surgery and use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. A familiarity in this condition has also recently been highlighted. Objectives: To demonstrate, how the combined treatment with manual techniques and specific anti-inflammatory, cream is able to resolve plantar deformation without the aid of surgery and without recurrence. Methods: The synergistic combination of three manual techniques, as: Bowen Technique, Reflexology and Su Jok, coupled with a cream containing Glycerol, Camphor and Povidone Iodine, applied on a cohort of 30 patient, divided in 5 groups, was the basis of the clinical application. In order to confirm the efficacy of the preparation, its composition was compared, by Molecular Docking, with normal antinflammatory drugs. Results: The results from molecular docking showed a greater affinity, of the components of the cream, than the classical drugs. Furthermore, the statistic of the reduction of the size of bunions, showed a complete success in the reduction of volume of bunion, without recrudescence. Conclusions: The combined treatment of manual techniques, with the application of a cream, has shown full effectiveness in resolving the Hallux Valgus plantar deformation, without the appearance of recrudescence.
Making the Academic Writing Process Explicit for Doctoral Students in the Social Sciences
Authors: Ferguson Sarah , Sam Cecile , Elder Brent
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this article is to clarify the academic writing process and stages of publication for novice scholars. With doctoral student mentorship being highly dependent on relationships with faculty mentors, the quality and type of mentorship received varies widely. We designed this article to provide a shared starting point for new scholars trying to navigate the writing and publication process. We use our experiences as three newly tenured faculty members to provide some guidance for students. Additionally, this article adds to the existing body of knowledge on the academic writing process by bringing some hidden curriculum and norms to the forefront and making the information available to all students. Article highlights include four areas of focus of academic publishing: (a) the presentation to publication process; (b) journal choice and preparing for journal submission; (c) revision as a communal process; and (d) the journal response. Within this article, we have recommended several places where new scholars can make decisions ranging from where to submit papers, who and how to ask for help, and ways that they can respond to reviewers.
How Can I Thank Scott Tunison, Keith D. Walker, and Janet Mola Okoko for Presenting Over 70 Qualitative Research Concepts? A Book Review of Varieties of Qualitative Research Methods: Selected Contextual Perspectives
Authors: Dahal Niroj
Published: February 2023

More than 70 qualitative research concepts that have been used by academics and researchers in the social sciences and humanities are presented in the book Varieties of Qualitative Research Methods: Selected Contextual Perspectives. The concepts of qualitative research are collected in this book by academics and research practitioners from around the world. Whilst critically assessing the book, the field of qualitative research has grown more diverse and inclusive of a variety of ways of knowing and inquiring. Indigenous, context-specific, and more creative epistemologies are becoming more prevalent in qualitative research scholarship and practice as the world becomes smaller and more interconnected. This book offers a venue for authors at various stages of their academic careers to exchange location- and context-specific as well as broadly applicable concepts, theories, approaches, and techniques for qualitative research. In order to cover reputable practice and scholarly experience with the given concept or method, the authors of those concepts and methods were carefully chosen in the book. This book reveals theories and approaches that are employed internationally and exhibits various worldviews and modes of knowing with honesty, objectivity, and relevance. This book offers readable introductions to the background, goals, actual processes, advantages, disadvantages, references, and additional resources for a variety of concepts or approaches. The book is important, in my opinion, for making distinctions between the various qualitative research approaches and/or methodologies.
Recent Concepts in Pedogenesis and Classification of Indian and Tropical Soils
Authors:   ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur, K D
Published: February 2023

Major part of the land area in India lies between Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn, and the soils therein are termed "tropical soils". Many however think of tropical soils as the soils of the hot and humid tropics only, exemplified by deep red and highly weathered soils and are often though improperly they are either agriculturally poor or virtually useless. For any nation, soil care through the soil survey needs to be a regular task to gain a detailed knowledge of soils, which is necessary for increasing and maintaining agricultural production to feed the population. In India, soil survey received recognition as an all-India activity following the report of the Stewart Committee in 1947.The National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning (NBSS & LUP) under Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) was established in 1976. The US Soil Taxonomy was adopted in India in 1969 to classify the soils of the country. Since then pedologists identified Vertisols, Mollisols, Alfisols, Ultisols, Aridisols, Inceptisols and Entisols in more than one bio-climatic zones in India, and confirmed the absence of Oxisols, suggesting the soil diversity in India is large. these soils are not confined to a single production system and contribute substantially to India's growing self-sufficiency in food production and food stocks. Although much valuable work has been done throughout the tropics, it has been always difficult to manage these soils to sustain their productivity, and it is more so when comprehensive knowledge on their formation remained incomplete for a long time. Relentless research efforts on basic research during the last few decades by the Indian pedologists and earth scientists, were made to provide insights into several aspects of five pedogenetically important soil orders like Alfisols, Mollisols, Ultisols, Vertisols and Inceptisols with a special attention on their pedology, paleopedology, polygenesis, mineralogy, taxonomy and edaphology. A much better knowledge was made available when the focus of soil research changed qualitatively due to the use of geomorphic history of landscapes alongside the use of high resolution mineralogical, micromorphological and age-control tools. However, the advancement of soil mineralogy knowledge helped to geological periods, and its impact in rationalizing the soil taxonomic database. During the last few decades, many pedologists have pointed out the rationale of framing the concepts of orders, suborders, great groups, and subgroups and suggesting various criteria for grouping soils at the family level of classification with a view to make US Soil Taxonomy more rationale, understandable, and meaningful for Indian tropical soils.
SOME FIXED POINT THEOREMS FOR OCCASIONALLY WEAKLY COMPATIBLE MAPPINGS RELATED WITH FUZZY-2 AND FUZZY-3 METRIC SPACES
Authors:   Saffrony Institute of Technology, Mehsana (North Gujarat), India, Patel Rasik M. , Bhardwaj Ramakant ,   Department of Mathematics, Amity University, Kolkata (WB), India
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we give some definitions of occasionally weakly compatible maps in fuzzy-2 metric and fuzzy-3 metric spaces and some common fixed point theorems for six mappings under the condition of occasionally weakly compatible mappings in complete Fuzzy-2 and Fuzzy-3 matric spaces. 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary 47H10, 54H25
A Systematic Mapping Study on Green Purchase Intention
Authors:   Student Master of Business Administration FISIP Padjadjaran University, Indonesia, Maulana Farhan , Hermanto Bambang ,   Department of Business Administration, Padjadjaran University, Indonesia, Rivani Rivani ,   Department of Business Administration, Padjadjaran University, Indonesia
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this research is to analyze and identify research that has been conducted within green purchase intention, and to classify the characteristics of this research. The researcher conducted a structured study to search and analyze literature related to this topic. The researcher found 67 primary studies published between 2000-2020 and classified them based on the year of the study, the country of publication, the focus of the research, the locus of the research, the type of research, and the research method. This mapping study provides the first systematic review of the current state of research on green purchase intention. However, the number of high-quality studies available is still limited.
Aldose reductase gene polymorphism rs752010122 and retinopathy in type 2 diabetics
Authors: Muntaha Maqsood  , Palvasha Waheed  , Amir Rashid  , Asifa Majeed  , Ahsan Mukhtar
Published: February 2023

Objective: To investigate the association of polymorphism in rs752010122 in aldose reductase gene with the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy, and to determine the association and allelic frequency between the variant and the disease.
Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2021 to March 2022 at Centre for Research in Experimental and Applied Medicine (CREAM) Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical College, in collaboration with the Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, and comprised blood samples from subjects of either gender aged 40-70 years. The samples were divided into group I having diabetic retinopathy patients, group II having diabetics without retinopathy, and group III having healthy controls matched for age and gender.  The samples were subjected to molecular analysis
Results: Of the 150 subjects, there were 50(33.3%) in each of the 3 groups. Variants of aldose reductase rs752010122 polymorphism were significantly associated with a lower risk of diabetic retinopathy (p<0.05). An odds ratio of 1 was noted for both heterozygous and homozygous genotypes (95% confidence interval: 1).
Conclusion: Aldose reductase was associated with lower risk of the disease.
Key Words: AKR1B1, Diabetes mellitus, Diabetic retinopathy, Single nucleotide polymorphism.
Euthanasia of whales: the effect of .375 and .485 calibre roundnosed, full metal-jacketed rifle bullets on the central nervous system of the common minke whale
Authors: Oen E. O. , Knudsen S. K.
Published: February 2023

The effect of rifle projectiles used for the euthanasia of stranded or hunted whales has been an issue for debate, in particular in the International Whaling Commission (IWC) and the North Atlantic Marine Mammal Commission (NAMMCO). In the Norwegian hunt for common minke whales, 9.3mm, .375 or .458 calibre rifles are used as backup weapons to euthanise whales that are not deemed dead after being hit with a harpoon grenade. When using the rifle, the hunters aim at the brain of the animal. The present study investigates the effects of the two rifle calibres .375 and .458 and round nosed, full-metal jacketed bullets in 29 common minke whales. The whales were examined post mortem shipboard and 22 of the brains were fixed in situ and later subjected to gross and light microscopic examination. The results show that the two types of bullets are fully capable of penetrating the skull and spinal bones of common minke whales and fatally damaging the central nervous system, resulting in immediate or very rapid loss of consciousness.
Consistent acoustic size estimation of sperm whales using clicks recorded from unknown aspects
Authors: Teloni Valeria , Zimmer Walter M. X. , Wahlberg Magnus , Madsen Peter T.
Published: February 2023

The multipulse structure of sperm whale clicks offers a unique way to acoustically estimate body length, as the inter-pulse intervals within the clicks relate to the two-way travel time within and thereby to the size of the hypertrophied nose in this species. Despite its large potential to allow the estimation of length acoustically, the technique has only been used in a few studies to assess the length composition of sperm whale populations. Its limited use may relate to the fact that only some clicks within a click series normally display the regular multipulsed structure required for size estimation. The inter-pulse intervals of usual clicks vary with the recording aspect to the clicking whale and the pulse delays are not necessarily directly related to the length of the spermaceti organ. To overcome these difficulties, a method is provided to estimate sperm whale body lengths, based on averages of cepstra derived from a large number of clicks recorded from whales in unknown recording aspects. This study shows that the two-way travel time in the spermaceti organ can consistently be estimated by a peak in the averaged cepstra when a large number of clicks are analysed. This method is shown to give a consistent estimation of the size of the spermaceti organ when recording the whale in an unknown orientation and also when recordings are heavily influenced by surface reflections.
Population estimate and inter-island movement of sperm whales, Physeter macrocephalus, in the Eastern Caribbean Sea
Authors: Gero Shane , Gordon Jonathan , Carlson Carole , Evans Peter , Whitehead Hal
Published: February 2023

When a population extends across international boundaries, management becomes more complex. This is especially true within a confined multinational area such as the Caribbean Sea. The population size of sperm whales in the Eastern Caribbean is estimated and the inter-island movements of individuals are quantified using a database of 1,394 photographic identifications taken between 1984 and 2006 by several research groups. A total of 194 individual sperm whales were identified off the leeward coasts of the islands of Dominica, Guadeloupe, Grenada, St. Lucia and Martinique. Population size was estimated using two-component finite mixture models. About 145 (95% CI=94- 219) sperm whales used Lesser Antillean waters in 1995 and this population appears to be growing slowly. There are differences amongst the individuals in their probability of identification. Of all individuals, 57 (29.4%) were identified during more than one year between 1995 and 2006. Long-term reidentification of associated females suggests that social units may be using the area for periods of at least 11 years. Twenty seven confirmed matches were made between islands, the majority (92.6%) of which were between Guadeloupe and Dominica, although there were two longer movements by single individuals between Dominica and the islands of St. Lucia and Grenada. High reidentification rates within the Lesser Antilles and no matches with identifications from nearby seas suggest the population in the Eastern Caribbean Sea is small and quite isolated. As such, we recommend that management actions be taken on a multi-island basis for the Eastern Caribbean, by encouraging the ratification of the SPAW protocols and that the current stock classification for the North Atlantic be reconsidered.