bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis and treatment of a type of 110‐kV transformer with insulation resistance decline defect
Authors: Zhang Li , Su Wei , Qian Yihua , Chen Tiansheng , Fan Shengping , Fu Qiang , Zhao Yaohong , Zhu Zhiping , Wang Deng
Published: July 2019

Recently, a kind of 110‐kV transformer resistance decline defect was found during our routine preventive test of transformers in the Guangdong power grid. The number of defective transformers reached thirty. This phenomenon seriously threatened the safe and steady operation of the power grid. The analysis and treatment of this resistance decline defect were carried out. The key reason for this defect was confirmed. The insulating characteristics of insulating oil decreased. Aminopyrine is a kind of medicine used as an antipyretic analgesic. However, it was seldom investigated by the electric power industry. Aminopyrine as a potential contaminant was found to be present in insulating oils of transformers causing insulation resistance decline defect. Herein, the analysis process of defective insulating oils was introduced. The determination and quantitative detection of aminopyrine were performed using a gas chromatography‐mass spectrometer, in which the highest concentration of aminopyrine in insulating oil was determined to be nearly 100 mg/kg. The source of aminopyrine was surveyed. Moreover, the impact mechanism between aminopyrine and insulating property of transformer oil was discussed. Finally, we found adsorption was effective for this defect. To date, this method has been applied to solve this defect in the Guangdong power grid. © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The effects of recreational drug use on the genitourinary tract
Authors: Woodhouse Christopher
Published: July 2019

Recreational use of drugs may be viewed by those who indulge as a relatively victimless pursuit. However, as the author discusses in this article, that is far from the truth and those who engage in such activity should be made aware of the potential harms of their action, not least to the genitourinary system.
Opportunities for measurements of astrophysical‐relevant alpha‐capture reaction rates at CRYRING@ESR
Authors: Forstner Oliver , Bemmerer Daniel , Cowan Thomas E. , Dressler Rugard , Junghans Arnd R. , Schumann Dorothea , Stöhlker Thomas , Szücs Tamás , Wagner Andreas , Zuber Kai
Published: July 2019

The heavy‐ion storage ring CRYRING@ESR has recently been installed and commissioned at GSI as one of the first installations of the upcoming Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR). It is designed to store highly charged ions in the energy range between 300 keV/u and about 10 MeV/u. It will incorporate a gas‐jet target providing high‐density jets of, among other gases, hydrogen and helium. This will allow to study alpha‐capture reaction rates of astrophysical interest in the energy range of the Gamow window for core‐collapse supernovae. Special interest comes from the long‐lived radio‐isotope 44Ti (t1/2 = 58.9 years), which is supposed to be produced in the alpha‐rich freeze‐out during such an event. The nucleosynthesis of this isotope is of great interest, as the amount of material produced can be estimated by direct observation in remnants of recent supernovae. The disagreements between the observations and the estimations from astrophysical models show the need of more experimental data for the production and consumption reactions in the energy range of a core‐collapse supernova. In this article, we will describe the proposed method of injecting beams of 44Ti into CRYRING@ESR and performing the actual reaction rate measurements.
Consistent searches for SMEFT effects in non-resonant dilepton events
Authors: Alte Stefan , König Matthias , Shepherd William
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Employing the framework of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory, we perform a detailed reinterpretation of measurements of the Weinberg angle in dilepton production as a search for new-physics effects. We truncate our signal prediction at order 1/Λ2, where Λ denotes the new-physics mass scale, and introduce a theory error to account for unknown contributions of order 1/Λ4. Two linear combinations of four-fermion operators with distinct angular behavior contribute to dilepton production with growing impact at high energies. We define suitable angular observables and derive bounds on those two linear combinations using data from the Tevatron and the LHC. We find that the current data is able to constrain interesting regions of parameter space, with important contributions at lower cutoff scales from the Tevatron, and that the future LHC data will eventually be able to simultaneously constrain both independent linear combinations which contribute to dilepton production.
The rise of short fibre reinforced plastics
Authors: Annamalai V.E. , Vijayan S. , Saeedipour H. , Goh K.L.
Published: July 2019

Currently, a lot of attention is focused on composite laminates made from continuous carbon fibre reinforced plastics. On the other hand, there is also renewed interest in using carbon fibre fragments for producing new reinforced plastic laminates partly because of advancement in technology for recovering the fibres (in fragmented forms) from the recycling of used plastic laminates. Additionally, short fibres also find applications in repair. For instance, damaged areas in reinforced-plastic laminates are replaced by a similar plastic reinforced by fibres, known as stepped/patch or scarf, specially tailored to the size of the damage site. What is the performance of short fibres derived from recycling? How do the size-tailored fibres enhance the mechanical integrity of the repaired laminates? Here, we take a fresh look at the basic concepts of short fibre reinforced plastics to make sense of these practical issues.
Effect of rear surface fields on hot, refluxing and escaping electron populations via numerical simulations
Authors: Rusby D. R. , Armstrong C. D. , Scott G. G. , King M. , McKenna P. , Neely D.
Published: July 2019

After a population of laser-driven hot electrons traverses a limited thickness solid target, these electrons will encounter the rear surface, creating TV/m fields that heavily influence the subsequent hot-electron propagation. Electrons that fail to overcome the electrostatic potential reflux back into the target. Those electrons that do overcome the field will escape the target. Here, using the particle-in-cell (PIC) code EPOCH and particle tracking of a large population of macro-particles, we investigate the refluxing and escaping electron populations, as well as the magnitude, spatial and temporal evolution of the rear surface electrostatic fields. The temperature of both the escaping and refluxing electrons is reduced by 30%–50% when compared to the initial hot-electron temperature as a function of intensity between

$10^{19}$

and

$10^{21}~~\text{W}/\text{cm}^{2}$

. Using particle tracking we conclude that the highest energy internal hot electrons are guaranteed to escape up to a threshold energy, below which only a small fraction are able to escape the target. We also examine the temporal characteristic of energy changes of the refluxing and escaping electrons and show that the majority of the energy change is as a result of the temporally evolving electric field that forms on the rear surface.
Reading the Constitution, 1787–91: History, Originalism, and Constitutional Meaning
Authors: Cornell Saul
Published: July 2019

Moving beyond the current flaws in originalism will require developing a genuinely historical approach to reading Founding era texts that draws on the best inter-disciplinary methods available. Reading legal texts historically will require originalism adopt standard historical practices, not reject them. Scholars must get the history right before deciding if any of the historical meanings recoverable from a careful study of the original debate over the Constitution might be relevant to modern law. Determining which meanings might be probative or dispositive for modern legal issues is a separate task from the process of uncovering the legal meaning of Founding era constitutional texts. Deciding what, if any relevance, such historical meaning ought to have in contemporary law is at its core a legal question, and not one that history can answer. Still, if legal scholars are going to cite history as authority, they have an obligation to get the history right.
Modeling the distribution of Nonggang Babbler Stachyris nonggangensis, a threatened bird of limestone karst forests of the Sino-Vietnam border, and implications for its conservation
Authors: JIANG DEMENG , GOODALE EBEN , YANG GANG , YU LIJIANG , JIANG AIWU , LUO XU
Published: July 2019

Information on the geographic distribution of a species is fundamental for its conservation. Nonggang Babbler Stachyris nonggangensis (NB) is a rare and newly discovered species that is restricted to limestone karst forest on the Sino-Vietnamese border and has been classified as ‘Vulnerable’ due to its narrow distribution. However, the extent of the habitat suitable for NB is poorly known. We conducted a species distribution model (SDM) using 33 occurrence data and nine environmental variables. The SDM suggested highly suitable habitat covers 541 km2, and habitat with a medium and low level of suitability covers 3,218 km2 and 722 km2, respectively. Of the entire suitable habitat (low through high), 25.8% is in northern Vietnam and the rest is in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, southern China (especially concentrated in northern Longzhou and southern Daxing Counties). Unfortunately, only 12.4% of the entire suitable habitat is known to be occupied, and the habitat outside the reserves is highly threatened by fragmentation and degradation. Globally, NB is apparently isolated in only four sites, including one site in which we discovered its presence during field validation of the model. Based on this work, we suggest upgrading NB to the ‘Endangered’ category on the IUCN Red List and adding it to the list of endangered species of both China and Vietnam.
Preface
Authors: Hwang Hsien-Kuei , Neininger Ralph , Zaionc Marek
Published: July 2019

This special issue is devoted to the Mathematical Analysis of Algorithms, which aims to predict the performance of fundamental algorithms and data structures in general use in Computer Science. The simplest measure of performance is the expected value of a cost function under natural models of randomness for the data, and finer properties of the cost distribution provide a deeper understanding of the complexity. Research in this area, which is intimately connected to combinatorics and random discrete structures, uses a rich variety of combinatorial, analytic and probabilistic methods.
Validation of the Pediatric Physiological and Anatomical Triage Score in Injured Pediatric Patients
Authors: Muguruma Takashi , Toida Chiaki , Furugori Shintaro , Abe Takeru , Takeuchi Ichiro
Published: July 2019

Introduction:

Triaging plays an important role in providing suitable care to a large number of casualties in a disaster setting. A Pediatric Physiological and Anatomical Triage Score (PPATS) was developed as a new secondary triage method. This study aimed to validate the accuracy of the PPATS in identifying injured pediatric patients who are admitted at a high frequency and require immediate treatment in a disaster setting. The PPATS method was also compared with the current triage methods, such as the Triage Revised Trauma Score (TRTS).

Methods:

A retrospective review of pediatric patients aged ≤15 years, registered in the Japan Trauma Data Bank (JTDB) from 2012 through 2016, was conducted and PPATS was performed. The PPATS method graded patients from zero to 22, and was calculated based on vital signs, anatomical abnormalities, and the need for life-saving interventions. It categorized patients based on their priority, and the intensive care unit (ICU)-indicated patients were assigned a PPATS ≥six. The accuracy of PPATS and TRTS in predicting the outcome of ICU-indicated patients was compared.

Results:

Of 2,005 pediatric patients, 1,002 (50%) were admitted to the ICU. The median age of the patients was nine years (interquartile range [IQR]: 6-13 years). The sensitivity and specificity of PPATS were 78.6% and 43.7%, respectively. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was larger for PPATS (0.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59-0.63) than for TRTS (0.57; 95% CI, 0.56-0.59; P <.01). Regression analysis showed a significant correlation between PPATS and the Injury Severity Score (ISS; r2 = 0.353; P <.001), predicted survival rate (r2 = 0.396; P <.001), and duration of hospital stay (r2 = 0.252; P <.001).

Conclusion:

The accuracy of PPATS for injured pediatric patients was superior to that of current secondary triage methods. The PPATS method is useful not only for identifying high-priority patients, but also for determining the priority ranking for medical treatments and evacuation.
“I Didn’t Lie, I Misspoke”: Voters’ Responses to Questionable Campaign Claims
Authors: Simas Elizabeth N. , Murdoch Doug
Published: July 2019

Lies and half-truths are commonplace in US politics. While there is a growing literature examining questionable statements, relatively little attention has been given to the consequences that befall the sources. We address this gap by looking at how a candidate’s sex shapes citizens’ reactions to a factually dubious statement. We argue and show that subjects from the opposing party display a greater desire and tendency to punish a female candidate. Subjects from the candidate’s same party, however, appear to be more forgiving when the candidate is portrayed as a woman versus a man. In total, our findings suggest that gender and partisan biases may operate in tandem to both help and harm female political candidates who “misspeak.”
Northern Hemisphere Land Monsoon Precipitation Increased by the Green Sahara During Middle Holocene
Authors: Sun Weiyi , Wang Bin , Zhang Qiong , Pausata Francesco S. R. , Chen Deliang , Lu Guonian , Yan Mi , Ning Liang , Liu Jian
Published: July 2019

Changes in land cover and dust emission may significantly influence the Northern Hemisphere land monsoon precipitation (NHLMP), but observations are too short to fully evaluate their impacts. The “Green Sahara” during the mid‐Holocene (6,000 years BP) provides an opportunity to unravel these mechanisms. Here we show that during the mid‐Holocene, most of the NHLMP changes revealed by proxy data are reproduced by the Earth System model results when the Saharan vegetation cover and dust reduction are taken into consideration. The simulated NHLMP significantly increases by 33.10% under the effect of the Green Sahara. The North African monsoon precipitation increases most significantly. Additionally, the Saharan vegetation (dust reduction under vegetated Sahara) alone remotely intensifies the Asian (North American) monsoon precipitation through large‐scale atmospheric circulation changes. These findings imply that future variations in land cover and dust emissions may appreciably influence the NHLMP.
Hindcasting Magma Reservoir Stability Preceding the 2008 Eruption of Okmok, Alaska
Authors: Albright J. A. , Gregg P. M. , Lu Z. , Freymueller J. T.
Published: July 2019

Volcanic eruptions pose a significant and sometimes unpredictable hazard, especially at systems that display little to no precursory signals. For example, the 2008 eruption of Okmok volcano in Alaska notably lacked observable short‐term precursors despite years of low‐level unrest. This unpredictability highlights that direct monitoring alone is not always enough to reliably forecast eruptions. In this study, we use the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) to produce a successful hindcast of the Okmok magma system in the lead up to its 2008 eruption. By assimilating geodetic observations of ground deformation, finite element models track the evolving stress state of the magma system and evaluate its stability using mechanical failure criteria. The hindcast successfully indicates an increased eruption likelihood due to tensile failure weeks in advance of the 2008 eruption. The effectiveness of this hindcast illustrates that EnKF‐based forecasting methods may provide critical information on eruption probability in systems lacking obvious precursors.
Lysosomal degradation of newly formed insulin granules contributes to β cell failure in diabetes
Authors: Pasquier Adrien , Vivot Kevin , Erbs Eric , Spiegelhalter Coralie , Zhang Zhirong , Aubert Victor , Liu Zengzhen , Senkara Meryem , Maillard Elisa , Pinget Michel , Kerr-Conte Julie , Pattou François , Marciniak Gilbert , Ganzhorn Axel , Ronchi Paolo , Schieber Nicole L. , Schwab Yannick , Saftig Paul , Goginashvili Alexander , Ricci Romeo
Published: July 2019

Compromised function of insulin-secreting pancreatic β cells is central to the development and progression of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). However, the mechanisms underlying β cell failure remain incompletely understood. Here, we report that metabolic stress markedly enhances macroautophagy-independent lysosomal degradation of nascent insulin granules. In different model systems of diabetes including of human origin, stress-induced nascent granule degradation (SINGD) contributes to loss of insulin along with mammalian/mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR)-dependent suppression of macroautophagy. Expression of Protein Kinase D (PKD), a negative regulator of SINGD, is reduced in diabetic β cells. Pharmacological activation of PKD counters SINGD and delays the onset of T2D. Conversely, inhibition of PKD exacerbates SINGD, mitigates insulin secretion and accelerates diabetes. Finally, reduced levels of lysosomal tetraspanin CD63 prevent SINGD, leading to increased insulin secretion. Overall, our findings implicate aberrant SINGD in the pathogenesis of diabetes and suggest new therapeutic strategies to prevent β cell failure.
Lateral dispersion is required for circuit integration of newly generated dentate granule cells
Authors: Wang Jia , Shen Jia , Kirschen Gregory W. , Gu Yan , Jessberger Sebastian , Ge Shaoyu
Published: July 2019

The process of circuit integration of newly-generated dentate granule cells of the hippocampus has been presumed to be a dynamic process. In fact, little is known regarding the initial development of newly generated neurons prior to circuit integration and the significance of this stage for circuit integration. Here, using advanced live imaging methods, we systematically analyze the dynamic dispersion of newly generated neurons in the neurogenic zone and observe that cells that are physically adjacent coordinate their lateral dispersion. Whole-cell recordings of adjacent newly generated neurons reveal that they are coupled via gap junctions. The dispersion of newly generated cells in the neurogenic zone is restricted when this coupling is disrupted, which severely impairs their subsequent integration into the hippocampal circuit. The results of this study reveal that the dynamic dispersion of newly generated dentate granule cells in the neurogenic zone is a required developmental stage for circuit integration.
Bioinspired lipoproteins-mediated photothermia remodels tumor stroma to improve cancer cell accessibility of second nanoparticles
Authors: Tan Tao , Hu Haiyan , Wang Hong , Li Jie , Wang Zhiwan , Wang Jing , Wang Siling , Zhang Zhiwen , Li Yaping
Published: July 2019

The tumor stromal microenvironments (TSM) including stromal cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) form an abominable barrier hampering nanoparticles accessibility to cancer cells, significantly compromising their antitumor effects. Herein, we report a bioinspired lipoprotein (bLP) that can induce efficient photothermia to remodel TSM and improve second bLP accessibility to cancer cells for antitumor therapy. The multiple stromal cells and ECM components in TSM are remarkably disrupted by bLP-mediated photothermal effects, which cause a 4.27-fold enhancement of second bLP accumulation in tumor, deep penetration in whole tumor mass and 27.0-fold increase of accessibility to cancer cells. Of note, this bLP-mediated TSM-remodeling to enhance cancer cell accessibility (TECA) strategy produces an eminent suppression of tumor growth and results in a 97.4% inhibition of lung metastasis, which is superior to the counterpart liposomes. The bLP-mediated TECA strategy provides deeper insights into enhancing nanoparticle accessibility to cancer cells for antitumor therapy.
The Salmonella virulence protein MgtC promotes phosphate uptake inside macrophages
Authors: Choi Soomin , Choi Eunna , Cho Yong-Joon , Nam Daesil , Lee Jangwoo , Lee Eun-Jin
Published: July 2019

The MgtC virulence protein from the intracellular pathogen Salmonella enterica is required for its intramacrophage survival and virulence in mice and this requirement of MgtC is conserved in several intracellular pathogens including Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Despite its critical role in survival within macrophages, only a few molecular targets of the MgtC protein have been identified. Here, we report that MgtC targets PhoR histidine kinase and activates phosphate transport independently of the available phosphate concentration. A single amino acid substitution in PhoR prevents its binding to MgtC, thus abrogating MgtC-mediated phosphate transport. Surprisingly, the removal of MgtC’s effect on the ability to transport phosphate renders Salmonella hypervirulent and decreases a non-replicating population inside macrophages, indicating that MgtC-mediated phosphate transport is required for normal Salmonella pathogenesis. This provides an example of a virulence protein directly activating a pathogen’s phosphate transport inside host.
Solution-processed nanographene distributed feedback lasers
Authors: Bonal Víctor , Muñoz-Mármol Rafael , Gordillo Gámez Fernando , Morales-Vidal Marta , Villalvilla José M. , Boj Pedro G. , Quintana José A. , Gu Yanwei , Wu Jishan , Casado Juan , Díaz-García María A.
Published: July 2019

The chemical synthesis of nanographene molecules constitutes the bottom-up approach toward graphene, simultaneously providing rational chemical design, structure-property control and exploitation of their semiconducting and luminescence properties. Here, we report nanographene-based lasers from three zigzag-edged polycyclic aromatics. The devices consist of a passive polymer film hosting the nanographenes and a top-layer polymeric distributed feedback resonator. Both the active material and the laser resonator are processed from solution, key for the purpose of obtaining low-cost devices with mechanical flexibility. The prepared lasers show narrow linewidth ( < 0.13 nm) emission at different spectral regions covering a large segment of the visible spectrum, and up to the vicinity of the near-infrared. They show outstandingly long operational lifetimes (above 105 pump pulses) and very low thresholds. These results represent a significant step forward in the field of graphene and broaden its versatility in low-cost devices implying light emission, such as lasers.
Delta-like 1-mediated cis-inhibition of Jagged1/2 signalling inhibits differentiation of human epidermal cells in culture
Authors: Negri Victor A. , Logtenberg Meike E. W. , Renz Lisa M. , Oules Bénédicte , Walko Gernot , Watt Fiona M.
Published: July 2019

Epidermal homeostasis depends on a balance between self-renewal of stem cells and terminal differentiation of their progeny. Notch signalling is known to play a role in epidermal  stem cell patterning and differentiation. However, the molecular mechanisms are incompletely understood. Here we demonstrate dynamic patterns of Notch ligand and receptor expression in cultured human epidermis. Notch2 and 3 act together to promote differentiation, while Notch1 decreases stem cell proliferation. The Notch ligand Jagged1 triggers differentiation when presented on an adhesive substrate or on polystyrene beads and over-rides the differentiation inhibitory effect of cell spreading. In contrast, Delta-like 1 (Dll1) overexpression abrogates the pro-differentiation effect of Jagged1 in a cell autonomous fashion. We conclude that Dll1 expression by stem cells not only stimulates differentiation of neighbouring cells in trans, but also inhibits differentiation cell autonomously. These results highlight the distinct roles of different Notch receptors and ligands in controlling epidermal homeostasis.
GRP78 translocation to the cell surface and O-GlcNAcylation of VE-Cadherin contribute to ER stress-mediated endothelial permeability
Authors: Lenin Raji , Nagy Peter G. , Jha Kumar Abhiram , Gangaraju Rajashekhar
Published: July 2019

Increased O-GlcNAcylation, a well-known post-translational modification of proteins causally linked to various detrimental cellular functions in pathological conditions including diabetic retinopathy (DR). Previously we have shown that endothelial activation induced by inflammation and hyperglycemia results in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated intercellular junction alterations accompanied by visual deficits in a tie2-TNF-α transgenic mouse model. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that increased ER stress via O-GlcNAcylation of VE-Cadherin likely contribute to endothelial permeability. We show that ER stress leads to GRP78 translocation to the plasma membrane, increased O-GlcNAcylation of proteins, particularly VE-Cadherin resulting in a defective complex partnering leading to the loss of retinal endothelial barrier integrity and increased transendothelial migration of monocytes. We further show an association of GRP78 with the VE-Cadherin under these conditions. Interestingly, cells exposed to ER stress inhibitor, tauroursodeoxycholic acid partially mitigated all these effects. Our findings suggest an essential role for ER stress and O-GlcNAcylation in altering the endothelial barrier function and reveal a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of DR.
Orai1 inhibitor STIM2β regulates myogenesis by controlling SOCE dependent transcriptional factors
Authors: Kim Kyu Min , Rana Anshul , Park Chan Young
Published: July 2019

Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), the fundamental Ca2+ signaling mechanism in myogenesis, is mediated by stromal interaction molecule (STIM), which senses the depletion of endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ stores and induces Ca2+ influx by activating Orai channels in the plasma membrane. Recently, STIM2β, an eight-residue-inserted splice variant of STIM2, was found to act as an inhibitor of SOCE. Although a previous study demonstrated an increase in STIM2β splicing during in vitro differentiation of skeletal muscle, the underlying mechanism and detailed function of STIM2β in myogenesis remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the function of STIM2β in myogenesis using the C2C12 cell line with RNA interference-mediated knockdown and CRISPR-Cas-mediated knockout approaches. Deletion of STIM2β delayed myogenic differentiation through the MEF2C and NFAT4 pathway in C2C12 cells. Further, loss of STIM2β increased cell proliferation by altering Ca2+ homeostasis and inhibited cell cycle arrest mediated by the cyclin D1-CDK4 degradation pathway. Thus, this study identified a previously unknown function of STIM2β in myogenesis and improves the understanding of how cells effectively regulate the development process via alternative splicing.
Abrupt Holocene climate shifts in coastal East Asia, including the 8.2 ka, 4.2 ka, and 2.8 ka BP events, and societal responses on the Korean peninsula
Authors: Park Jungjae , Park Jinheum , Yi Sangheon , Cheul Kim Jin , Lee Eunmi , Choi Jieun
Published: July 2019

Holocene abrupt cooling events have long attracted attention in academia due to public concern that similar rapid changes may reappear in the near future. Thus, considerable progress has been made toward understanding these short-term cooling events in the Northern Hemisphere, particularly in Europe and North America. However, few relevant studies have been conducted in coastal East Asia due to a lack of undisturbed sample materials appropriate for paleoclimate studies. In this study, we examined Holocene abrupt drying events and the Holocene climate optimum (HCO) based on a new high-resolution multi-proxy record (pollen, mean grain size, total organic carbon, carbon/nitrogen ratio) from the south coast of Korea. Possible cultural impacts of the events were also explored using summed probability distributions (SPDs) of archaeological radiocarbon dates. Our arboreal pollen percentage (AP) data clearly indicated drying events centered at 9.8 ka, 9.2 ka, 8.2 ka, 4.7 ka, 4.2 ka, 3.7 ka, 3.2 ka, 2.8 ka, and 2.4 ka BP. The AP data also indicated that forests were severely damaged by a two-step successive drying event during the period from 8.4 ka to 8 ka BP and that the HCO lasted from ca. 7.6 ka to ca. 4.8 ka BP. According to the results of a correlation analysis, climate variations on the Korean peninsula were possibly controlled by shifts in western tropical Pacific (WTP) sea surface temperatures during the past ~5500 years. Simultaneous declines in the SPDs and AP from 2.8 ka to 2.3 ka BP may reflect a demographic reduction attributable to rapid climate deterioration on the peninsula. Refugee agriculturalists might have immigrated to Japan and developed the Yayoi culture. In this study, the 2.8 ka event and its societal impact are recognized clearly for the first time in coastal East Asia.
VO2(B) nanobelts/reduced graphene oxide composites for high-performance flexible all-solid-state supercapacitors
Authors: Lv Weifeng , Yang Can , Meng Ge , Zhao Ruifeng , Han Aijuan , Wang Rong , Liu Junfeng
Published: July 2019

Vanadium oxide has attracted extensive attention for electrochemical capacitors due to its wide range of versatility. However, due to the relative poor conductivity and chemical stability of vanadium oxide, severe losses of capacitance often occur during charge and discharge processes. Herein, a free-standing vanadium dioxide (VO2(B)) nanobelts/reduced graphene oxide (VO2/rGO) composite film was fabricated by assembly of VO2(B) nanobelts and rGO for supercapacitors. The flexible rGO sheets and VO2(B) nanobelts intertwined together to form a porous framework, which delivered a 353 F g−1 specific capacitance at 1 A g−1, and after 500 cycles, the specific capacitance retention rate was 80% due to the enhanced conductivity of the VO2(B) nanobelts by rGO and increased transport of ions and electrons by the porous structures. An all-solid-state symmetrical supercapacitor was assembled from the VO2/rGO composites, which exhibited good energy storage performance with a maximum voltage of 1.6 V. The maximum power density is 7152 W kg−1 at the energy density of 3.13 W h kg−1, ranking as one of the highest power densities for reported materials. In addition, after 10000 cycles, it still has a specific capacitance retention rate of 78% at 10 A g−1.
Inducible orthogonal aminoacylation demonstrates that charging is required for mitochondrial tRNA import in Trypanosoma brucei
Authors: Huot Jonathan L. , Shikha Shikha , Schneider André
Published: July 2019

Orthogonal aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase/tRNA pairs have emerged as powerful means of site-specifically introducing non-standard amino acids into proteins in vivo. Using amino acids with crosslinking moieties this method allows the identification of transient protein-protein interactions. Here we have introduced a previously characterized evolved tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase/suppressor tRNATyr pair from E. coli into the parasitic protozoan Trypanosoma brucei. Upon addition of a suitable non-standard amino acid the suppressor tRNATyr was charged and allowed translation of a green fluorescent protein whose gene contained a nonsense mutation. - T. brucei is unusual in that its mitochondrion lacks tRNA genes indicating that all its organellar tRNAs are imported from the cytosol. Expression of the bacterial tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase in our system is tetracycline-inducible. We have therefore used it to demonstrate that cytosolic aminoacylation of the suppressor tRNATyr induces its import into the mitochondrion.
Evaluating link prediction by diffusion processes in dynamic networks
Authors: Vega-Oliveros Didier A. , Zhao Liang , Berton Lilian
Published: July 2019

Link prediction (LP) permits to infer missing or future connections in a network. The network organization defines how information spreads through the nodes. In turn, the spreading may induce changes in the connections and speed up the network evolution. Although many LP methods have been reported in the literature, as well some methodologies to evaluate them as a classification task or ranking problem, none have systematically investigated the effects on spreading and the structural network evolution. Here, we systematic analyze LP algorithms in a framework concerning: (1) different diffusion process – Epidemics, Information, and Rumor models; (2) which LP method most improve the spreading on the network by the addition of new links; (3) the structural properties of the LP-evolved networks. From extensive numerical simulations with representative existing LP methods on different datasets, we show that spreading improve in evolved scale-free networks with lower shortest-path and structural holes. We also find that properties like triangles, modularity, assortativity, or coreness may not increase the propagation. This work contributes as an overview of LP methods and network evolution and can be used as a practical guide of LP methods selection and evaluation in terms of computational cost, spreading capacity and network structure.
Analysis and experimental investigation of a subwavelength phased parallel-plate waveguide array for manipulation of electromagnetic waves
Authors: Palm Dominic , Dang Zinching , Rahm Marco
Published: July 2019

Phase-gradient metasurfaces can be designed to manipulate electromagnetic waves according to the generalized Snell’s law. Here, we show that a phased parallel-plate waveguide array (PPWA) can be devised to act in the same manner as a phase-gradient metasurface. We derive an analytic model that describes the wave propagation in the PPWA and calculate both the angle and amplitude distribution of the diffracted waves. The analytic model provides an intuitive understanding of the diffraction from the PPWA. We verify the (semi-)analytically calculated angle and amplitude distribution of the diffracted waves by numerical 3-D simulations and experimental measurements in a microwave goniometer.
Chiral spin ordering of electron gas in solids with broken time reversal symmetry
Authors: Denisov K. S. , Rozhansky I. V. , Averkiev N. S. , Lähderanta E.
Published: July 2019

In this work we manifest that an electrostatic disorder in conducting systems with broken time reversal symmetry universally leads to a chiral ordering of the electron gas giving rise to skyrmion-like textures in spatial distribution of the electron spin density. We describe a microscopic mechanism underlying the formation of the equilibrium chiral spin textures in two-dimensional systems with spin-orbit interaction and exchange spin splitting. We have obtained analytical expressions for spin-density response functions and have analyzed both local and non-local spin response to electrostatic perturbations for systems with parabolic-like and Dirac electron spectra. With the proposed theory we come up with a concept of controlling spin chirality by electrical means.
Growth of single-crystalline Bi2Te3 hexagonal nanoplates with and without single nanopores during temperature-controlled solvothermal synthesis
Authors: Hosokawa Yuichi , Tomita Koji , Takashiri Masayuki
Published: July 2019

Bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) is a promising thermoelectric material for applications near room temperature. To increase the thermoelectric performance of this material, its dimensions and thermal transport should be decreased. Two-dimensional nanoplates with nanopores are an ideal structure because thermal transport is disrupted by nanopores. We prepared Bi2Te3 nanoplates with single nanopores by a solvothermal synthesis and investigated their structural and crystallographic properties. The nanoplates synthesized at a lower reaction temperature (190 °C) developed single nanopores (approximately 20 nm in diameter), whereas the nanoplates synthesized at a higher reaction temperature (200 °C) did not have nanopores. A crystal growth mechanism is proposed based on the experimental observations.
Multidimensional scaling assisted Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopic analysis of fruit wine samples: introducing a novel analytical approach
Authors: Kumar Keshav , Giehl Anja , Schweiggert Ralf , Patz Claus-Dieter
Published: July 2019

The present work introduces a novel classification procedure by combining the multidimensional scaling (MDS) with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.
Synthesis, structure and magnetic properties of a series of Ln(iii) complexes with radical-anionic iminopyridine ligands: effect of lanthanide ions on the slow relaxation of the magnetization
Authors: Long Jérôme , Skvortsov Grigorii G. , Cherkasov Anton V. , Lyssenko Konstantin A. , Poddel'sky Andrei I. , Guari Yannick , Larionova Joulia , Trifonov Alexander A.
Published: July 2019

Slow relaxation of the magnetization in radical iminopyridine dysprosium complex.
Oxidation stability of confined linear carbon chains, carbon nanotubes, and graphene nanoribbons as 1D nanocarbons
Authors: Cui Weili , Saito Takeshi , Ayala Paola , Pichler Thomas , Shi Lei
Published: July 2019

Three typical one-dimensional (1D)/quasi-1D nanocarbons, i.e. linear carbon chains, carbon nanotubes, and graphene nanoribbons, have been proved to be highly resistant to the oxidation due to the encapsulation inside single-walled carbon nanotubes.
Photo-controlled one-pot strategy for the synthesis of asymmetric three-arm star polymers
Authors: Zhang Yichuan , Bradley Mark , Geng Jin
Published: July 2019

A one-pot tandem strategy for the synthesis of asymmetric star polymers was developed. Two wavelengths of light were used to provide spatial and temporal control for the reactions. A series of stars were synthesised using this procedure giving well-defined structures.
Concentration-dependent fabrication of short-peptide-based different self-assembled nanostructures with various morphologies and intracellular delivery property
Authors: Sivagnanam Subramaniyam , Arul Amutha , Ghosh Soumyajit , Dey Ananta , Ghorai Suvonkar , Das Priyadip
Published: July 2019

A newly synthesized short peptide PS1 at different concentrations self-assemble into different nanostructures with various morphologies. The spherical units formed at lower concentration, considered as a potential candidate for intracellular delivery.
Study of pro-angiogenic activity of astilbin on human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro and zebrafish in vivo
Authors: Lv Kongpeng , Ren Qin , Zhang Xingyan , Zhang Keda , Fei Jia , Li Tiyuan
Published: July 2019

Pro-angiogenic activity of astilbin on endothelial cells in vitro and zebrafish in vivo.
Experimental study on high-purity hydrogen generation from synthetic biogas in a 10 kW fixed-bed chemical looping system
Authors: Bock Sebastian , Zacharias Robert , Hacker Viktor
Published: July 2019

Experimental proof of synthetic biogas utilization for high-purity hydrogen generation (99.998%) with a 10 kW fixed-bed chemical looping system.
Doping effect and oxygen defects boost room temperature ferromagnetism of Co-doped ZnO nanoparticles: experimental and theoretical studies
Authors: Zong Yan , Sun Yong , Meng Shiyan , Wang Yajing , Xing Hongna , Li Xinghua , Zheng Xinliang
Published: July 2019

Co-doped ZnO nanoparticles with different dosage concentrations were fabricated by a thermal decomposition method.
The relationship between microstructure and photocatalytic behavior in lanthanum-modified 2D TiO2 nanosheets upon annealing of a freeze-cast precursor
Authors: Bakardjieva Snejana , Mares Jakub , Fajgar Radek , Zenou Victor Y. , Maleckova Michaela , Chatzisymeon Efthalia , Bibova Hana , Jirkovsky Jaromir
Published: July 2019

Titanium dioxide modified with 3 wt% La was prepared via a green freeze-casting method, and its photocatalytic activity was tested in terms of its ability to degrade 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) and remove total organic carbon (TOC).
Investigation of the intramolecular hydrogen bonding interactions and excited state proton transfer mechanism for both Br-BTN and CN-BTN systems
Authors: Yang Dapeng , Zhang Qiaoli , Song Xiaoyan , Zhang Tianjie
Published: July 2019

In the present work, two novel Br-BTN and CN-BTN compounds have been investigated theoretically.
Room-temperature production of bio-based aldehydes from vegetable oil-derived epoxide via H2WO4@Al-MCM-41 as recyclable catalyst
Authors: Peng Libo , Xie Qinglong , Nie Yong , Liu Xuejun , Lu Meizhen , Ji Jianbing
Published: July 2019

>90% bio-aldehydes yield was obtained from H2WO4-catalyzed epoxy vegetable oil at room-temperature; Al-MCM-41 was added to recover catalyst via adsorption.
High efficiency Mg2(Si,Sn)-based thermoelectric materials: scale-up synthesis, functional homogeneity, and thermal stability
Authors: Farahi Nader , Stiewe Christian , Truong D. Y. Nhi , de Boor Johannes , Müller Eckhard
Published: July 2019

Considering the need for large quantities of high efficiency thermoelectric materials for industrial applications, a scalable synthesis method for high performance magnesium silicide based materials is proposed.
Frontiers and progress in cation-uptake and exchange chemistry of polyoxometalate-based compounds
Authors: Uchida Sayaka
Published: July 2019

Reduction-induced cation-uptake in POM-based ionic solids.
High-performance Li6PS5Cl-based all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Wang Shuo , Xu Xiaofu , Zhang Xue , Xin Chengzhou , Xu Bingqing , Li Liangliang , Lin Yuan-Hua , Shen Yang , Li Baohua , Nan Ce-Wen
Published: July 2019

Li6PS5Cl solid-state electrolyte is a promising candidate as active material used for all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries.
Organic electrode materials with solid-state battery technology
Authors: Heiska Juho , Nisula Mikko , Karppinen Maarit
Published: July 2019

Organic electrode materials are promising next-generation battery materials. Combining them with a solid-state electrolyte, and fabricating the materials using atomic/molecular layer deposition provides us a unique platform to study the interactions.
Ratiometric fluorescence response of a dual light emitting reduced carbon dot/graphene quantum dot nanohybrid towards As(iii)
Authors: Gogoi Satyabrat , Devi Rashmita , Dutta Hemant Sankar , Bordoloi Manobjyoti , Khan Raju
Published: July 2019

A dual light emitting fully carbon-based nanohybrid system comprising of glutathione-functionalized reduced carbon dots and graphene quantum dots is fabricated as ratiometric fluorescence probe for As(iii).
A new type of solid-state luminescent 2-phenylbenzo[g]furo[2,3-b]quinoxaline derivative: synthesis, photophysical characterization and transporting properties
Authors: Wang Gang , Li Jie , Li Yixiang , Wang Dongdong , Zhang Jingjing , Wu Yong , Zhen Yong-gang , Tang Qingxin , Ma Hong , Hu Wenping , Wu Zhaoxin , Jen Alex K.-Y.
Published: July 2019

We developed a new synthesis method of furo [2,3-b] quinoxaline core and report a new type of 2-phenylbenzo[g]furo [2,3-b] quinoxaline organic semiconductors, which shows 22.1% PLQY in solid powders and hole mobility of 2.58 × 10−2 cm2 V−1 s−1.
High remanent polarization and temperature-insensitive ferroelectric remanent polarization in BiFeO3-based lead-free perovskite
Authors: Zhang Min , Zhang Xiaoyan , Das Shyamashis , Wang Zhiming M. , Qi Xiwei , Du Qiang
Published: July 2019

After adding 1 mol% MnO2 to BiFeO3-based ceramics, outstanding temperature stability has obtained without affecting its ferroelectric remanent polarization.
Drazin inverse conditions for positivity and stability of switched descriptor systems
Authors: Ding Xiuyong , Zhai Guisheng , Liu Xiu
Published: July 2019

This study provides an alternative approach to stability analysis of positive switched descriptor systems (SDSs). First, by introducing a Drazin‐inverse‐based projector which takes a simpler form than the traditional matrix‐decomposition‐based ones, the state consistency of SDSs is guaranteed. Then, regarding the fact that SDSs may not be positive even if all individual subsystems are positive, two different definitions of positivity are introduced and a complete characterisation is provided. The stability issue is also addressed and two checkable approaches are proposed, which are formulated as a set of linear matrix inequality problems and linear programming problems, respectively.
Binary Stokes vector representation of aircraft in the low‐resolution radar context
Authors: Aldhubaib Faisal
Published: July 2019

This study proposes a low‐band scheme utilising the polarisation dominance of the target's resonance regions in the frequency domain to recognise a fighter‐sized aircraft. The methodology implements a binary decision tree based on three polarisation power terms, namely Stokes variables, to determine the polarisation dominance of six directions, and subsequently, predict the canonical shape of the target substructures. The decision tree comprises three inequalities of the Stokes variables subject to an orthogonality threshold to reflect the dominant polarisation directions as a function of the target resonance region. The simulation data for two fighter‐sized aircraft illustrate the feasibility of the method by comparing the differences (or similarity) in the target decision outcomes. The results indicate that resonance‐scattering region lies within the frequency band of 9–200 MHz where thin‐wedge scattering is prominent within the frequency band of 9–30 MHz, whereas the corner (dihedral) scattering becomes dominant within the band of 110–170 MHz, mainly when the radar illuminates the target sides aspect. The method was robust to the noise and target aspect change using the paradigms of the MIG29 and F16 aircraft models.
Robotic‐aided IoT: automated deployment of a 6TiSCH network using an UGV
Authors: Valecce Giovanni , Micoli Gianfranco , Boccadoro Pietro , Petitti Antonio , Colella Roberto , Milella Annalisa , Alfredo Grieco Luigi
Published: July 2019

The automated setup of Internet of things (IoT) systems in industrial environments is an open challenge at the forefront of networking and robotics domains. In this study, a robotic‐aided deployment system is proposed and experimentally tested with reference to the Internet protocol version 6 technology. To this end, a design methodology has been conceived to attain the setup of a fully connected time‐slotted channel hopping network in a target area, based on the measured received signal strength indication of wireless links, required spatial sensing resolution, and number of available IoT nodes. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology, an experimental test bed has been set up, consisting of an unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) that automatically deploys an IoT network in a laboratory environment. Experimental results clearly show that the UGV is able to deploy a fully connected 6TiSCH network that match spatial resolution requirements, highlighting how the proposed policy affects the position of IoT nodes release points.