bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ефективність використання активних дренажів при первинній аугментації грудних залоз.
Authors: Pidchenko Yurii , Khrapach Vasyl , Oleksandr Khrapach
Published: October 2024

метою даної роботи є аналіз етіопатогенетичих особливостей виникнення гематом з метою виявлення факторів ризику на етапі планування операції. Небезпека розвитку гематоми знаходиться в прямій залежності від рівня кровоточивості та надійності інтраопераційного гемостазу. Загалом можна виділити фактори, що впливають на рівень кровоточивості, зсуваючи коагуляційну рівновагу в бік гіпокоагуляції. Вони спричиняють підвищення артеріального тиску або підвищують проникність судинної стінки. Їх знання та виявлення перед операцією попереджує виникнення потенційних ускладнень та дає змогу оптимізувати естетичний результат. Також ризик виникнення післяопераційної гематоми може підвищуватись із зростанням об’єму оперативного втручання. Що пояснюється наростанням втоми хірурга з часом, а також розвитком системних зрушень в организмі пацієнта. Було визначено критичний період – 24 години після операції, коли існує найбільший ризик виникнення ранніх ускладнень. Цей період потребує ретельного підходу щодо планування післяопераційного догляду за пацієнтом. Розвиток післяопераційної гематоми асоціюється з цілою низкою негативних наслідків. Серед них необхідність повторної госпіталізації та повернення в операційну з метою досягнення остаточного гемостазу, втрата часу хірургом, додатково анестезії для пацієнта, подовжений термін перебування в стаціонарі та всі супутні фінансові втрати. Розвиток гематоми віддалено підвищує ризик виникнення капсульної контрактури, що є однією з найпоширеніших причин реоперацій після аугментації грудної залози та призводить до значної стигматизіції пацієнток. Аналіз найбільш актуальних джерел щодо ефективності використання активних дренажів після первинного ендопротезування грудних залоз не виявив переконливих доказів ефективності активної аспірації в попередженні ранніх післяопераційних ускладнень. Тому при співставленні позитивних та негативних наслідків їх рутинного використання, за даними актуальних досліджень, переважають останні. Поєднання таких факторів, як досягнення ретельного інтраопераційного гемостазу, фіксація грудних залоз та використання правильно підібраної компресійної білизни, дає змогу відмовитись від рутинного використання активних дренажів без підвищення ризику розвитку ранніх ускладнень при первинному ендопротезуванні грудної залози. Зважаючи на те, що гематома є доведеним фактором ризику формування капсульної контрактури, перспективним є подальше проведення аналізу щодо ефективності використання дренажів з метою попередження розвитку капсульної контрактури у віддаленому періоді.
Local inflammatory factors in pregnant women with various methods of cervical insufficiency treatment
Authors: Chernega Violetta , Bila Victoria , Zahorodnia Oleksandra
Published: October 2024

the reasons for the formation of cervical insufficiency  are considred to be different from  violation of the ratio of connective tissue elements due to its genetic characteristics to hormonal imbalance, and the predominance of pro-inflammatory factors of the immune system. A special attention is devoted to clinical situations, when cervical insufficiency was diagnosed in terms 22-24 weeks, the treatment means an alternative between emergency cerclage and obstetric pessary. The gaol of study – to compare dynamic of vaginal microbiota and local cervical immune factors by use of different cervical insufficiency treatment methods. Materials and methods. 81 pregnant with cervical insufficiency, diagnosed in term 22-24 weeks were observed, 47 pregnant treated by cerclage procedure (group A), and 34 were fitted with an obstetric pessary (group B). 30 healthy pregnant women in the period of 22 weeks formed group C. In all patients before treatment and every two weeks after it microscopy of vaginal discharges according to Hay/Ison criteria and evaluation of cervical cytokines were performed. Results. The balance by obstetric pessary use of type I and type III by Hay-Ison criteria being similar before treatment with pregnancy prolongation is changing dramatically to the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis be use of obstetric pessary – from 30,3% and 21,2% in 2 weeks to 25,0% and 41,7% in 6 weeks, by cerclage – from 43,5% and 14,9% in 2 weeks to 30,3% and 17,5% in 6 weeks. Patients with cervical insufficiency have increased concentration of IL-6 and IL-10, but by use of obstetrical pessary additionally growth of IL-8 from 42,3 pg/ml in 2 weeks to 187,6 pg/ml in 6 weeks is registered as well as decreasing of SLPI from 1,5 μg/ml to 0,6 μg/ml. Both changes show progression of inflammation and are associated with worth pregnancy outcomes. In the same time, cerclage is assocated with growth of SLPI from 1,9 μg/ml to 4,3 μμg/ml, what is a marker of adequate immune reaction by pregnancy. There is a difference between the groups of cerclage and obstetric pessary in dynamic of microbiota changes - a tendency to increasing of laboratory criteria of bacterial vaginosis frequency in group of obstetric pessary in 2 weeks becomes significant in 4 and more in 6 weeks comparing with group of cerclage.  Proper to cervical insufficiency high concentration of proinflammatory IL-6 and IL-10 by use of obstetrical pessary is complicated by increasing of IL-8 and decreasing of SLPI, what means an activation of cervical inflammation, by cerclage – a increasing of SLPI is observed, what is favourable for pregnancy.
A clinical case of successful treatment of the dry form of age-related macular degeneratio
Authors: Dziuba Alina , Skrypnychenko Inna
Published: October 2024

the clinical case is an example of the effectiveness of low-energy pulsed chromatic LED therapy of green (505 nm), red (625 nm) and infrared (940 nm) ranges in the treatment of dry age-related macular degeneration, which was performed with the Spektra Light device (Version MARK III, Vision AidInc., Canada). The patient was examined before treatment, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months after treatment: visual acuity was determined, optical coherence tomography of the macular zone was performed, and the optical density of the macular pigment of both eyes was determined by heterochromatic flicker photometry using a Maculux praxis densitometer (Germany, Ebiga VISION GmbH).  In a patient with age-related macular degeneration, after two short-term courses (2 sessions per day with a 5-minute break for 5 days) of low-energy LED therapy, visual acuity increased, the optical density of the macular pigment increased, and positive dynamics was noted in the scans of optical coherence tomography of the macular zone of the retina.
Побудова персоніфікованої програми реабілітації осіб другого зрілого віку хворих на цукровий діабет 2-го типу середньої форми важкості
Authors: Sorvenkova Olena , Sychov Sergiy , Naumenko Natalia
Published: October 2024

за даними ВООЗ, майже 422 мільйони людей у всьому світі хворіють на цукровий діабет, а 1,5 мільйона смертей щороку безпосередньо пов’язані з цим захворюванням. Чоловіки більш схильні до розвитку цукрового діабету 2-го типу, порівняно з жінками. Як вважають вчені з Університету Східної Фінляндії, це може бути пов'язано з тим, що чоловічий організм більше накопичує заліза, ніж жіночий. Надмірне накопичення заліза є відомим фактором ризику розвитку цукрового діабету 2-го типу при спадковому гемохроматозі – розладі, який змушує тіло поглинати надто багато заліза із продуктів. В Україні зафіксовано понад 1 мільйон випадків цукрового діабету, і глобальна кількість хворих на цю хворобу перевищує 140 мільйонів осіб. Зокрема, більшість з них (85-90%) мають діагноз цукрового діабету 2 типу (Україна не виняток, з більш ніж 793 тисячами осіб, що страждають від цього типу діабету, що складає 86,7% від загальної кількості) (BBC NEWS Україна, 2023). Авторами було розроблено авторську програму фізичної терапії для осіб 2 зрілого віку, які хворіють на цукровий діабет другого типу середнього ступеня важкості, що включала застосування кінезіотерапії, масажу, фізіотерапії, механотерапії та дієтотерапії. Після проведення даної програми, пацієнтам спостерігалося значне покращення  функціонального та фізіологічного стану організму, а також якості життя. Фізіотерапевтичні засоби застосовувались з метою зниження цукру в крові, профілактики ускладнень при цукровому діабеті 2 типу середньої важкості. Результати проведених досліджень вказують на те, що використання запропонованої авторської програми фізичної терапії для осіб похилого віку, які мають важкість цукрового діабету 2 типу, є більш ефективним для відновлення їхнього функціонального стану, ніж загальноприйнята програма центру кінезіотерапії «Спина +». Цей висновок зроблено на підставі оцінки показників зниження цукру в крові, маси тіла та оцінки якості життя за опитувальником SF-12.
Islamist Organizations in Egypt
Authors: Raděj Tomáš
Published: October 2024

This essay is an analysis of the development of Islamic fundamentalism in one of the most significant countries of the Islamic world. Like many other regimes, Egypt struggled in the 90's with armed Islamic opposition, which had world-wide connections to international terrorism by radical Islamic groups. The challenge is to identify the reasons behind the origin of these Islamic movements, as well as to identify their central characteristics and the tactics they use. As well as do this, the author tries to map the most important contacts of Egyptian movements abroad. The first part of the contribution describes the evolution of Egypt in the 20th century up to the assassination of president Sadat in 1981. The rise of Islamist organizations, the attempts to quell them during Nasser's presidency and Sadat's subsequent failure to conciliate Islamist opponents are events that are key to understanding Islamism in Egypt. Although the contribution is country-specific, it can be seen also as a more general model of Islamic fundamentalism, which explains one of the most urgent problems of today's world. The main part of the article looks at the reaction of the Egyptian regime to violent Islamist opposition in the 80's and 90's and how the regime tried to solve this problem. The author attempts to outline the profiles of the main radical groups and evaluate the reaction of the regime. The regime must face Islamism not only on the 'battlefield', but the solution of social problems and attitudes to culture are essential too. Resolving these problems in Egypt must involve every important sphere of national life if the regime wants stability. However, if the Egyptian difficulties are dealt with successfully, it could provide the formula for war-weary states in crisis areas across the Islamic world.
Support for State Centralism in Reformatory China
Authors: Fürst Rudolf
Published: October 2024

Wang Shaoguang - Hu Angang: The Chinese Economy in Crisis: State Capacity and Tax Reform. 1st ed. An East Gate Book, Studies on Contemporary China, Armonk: Sharpe, 2001, 285 s., ISBN 0765607662.
Informe especial de concentración y competencia en los mercados de crédito y depósitos de septiembre de 2024
Authors:   Departamento de Estabilidad Financiera
Published: October 2024

En este informe se realiza un análisis de diferentes indicadores para medir la concentración de los mercados de crédito y depósitos en Colombia y en algunas jurisdicciones pares (México, Perú y Chile). Adicionalmente, reconociendo que la relación entre concentración, competencia y poder de mercado no es directa, se presentan dos ejercicios que buscan determinar el grado de competencia y el poder de mercado de los intermediarios financieros en el mercado de crédito colombiano.
Implementasi Metode Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) untuk Seleksi Biomassa pada Kompor Cerdas Berbasis IoT
Authors: Tijaniyah Tijaniyah , Hasan Basri Muhammad , Enggar Pawening Ratri
Published: October 2024

The stove is an important component in the kitchen. Stoves can help cook food or drinks. Using a gas stove is very expensive. LPG gas is a stove fuel that is often used by people for cooking. The price of stoves and LPG gas is now increasing. Meanwhile, there are also a lot of cooking needs, so this will result in more gas usage and more expensive costs. Given this problem, the author created a smart stove that has advantages. This smart stove is medium in size and portable so it can be taken anywhere. Apart from that, this tool uses a supercapacitor, which can store the electrical voltage produced by the heat of burning biomass. This tool can produce electricity from biomass and solar cells. Selecting the type of biomass uses the simple additive weighing (saw) method, namely wood or waste. Internet of Things (IOT) is an information medium for the smart stove process. Apart from cooking, this tool can also light 1 LED lamp measuring 5–10 watts, can be used as a 5 volt cellphone charger or a charge time of 60 minutes. The advantage of this smart stove is that it really helps people, thereby reducing the cost of purchasing gas
Profil Miskonsepsi Siswa pada Materi Bentuk Aljabar di Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri Kota Banda Aceh
Authors: Aulia Dinda , Zubainur Cut Morina , Khairunnisak Cut
Published: October 2024

Learning loss has an impact on various problems, including misconceptions by students when recognizing and learning algebraic operations. This research aims to identify the profile of students' misconceptions in algebraic concepts as a consequence of learning loss due to the Covid-19 pandemic in public junior high school in Banda Aceh. The study adopts a quantitative approach. The population of the research consists of all eighth-grade students in public junior high school in Banda Aceh and the sample comprises 27 students from one of these schools. The sample was obtained through purposive sampling, selecting students from the top-ranked junior high school in Banda Aceh, known for having the highest average scores. Misconceptions were assessed using an online-based cognitive diagnostic test on algebraic concepts. Data analysis was conducted by examining the composition of misconceptions based on their types. The research findings indicate that the majority of students experience misconceptions, with 25.20% experiencing misconceptions in notation, 20.37% in generalization, 8.98% in understanding symbols, 9.97% in applying rules, 1.14% in notation and generalization, 0.57% in notation and understanding symbols, and 2% in generalization and applying rules. This study indicates a necessity to an analysis of the causes of misconceptions and efforts to minimize students' misconceptions in algebraic concepts, such as implementing cognitive conflict learning or remedial teaching.
Pengembangan E-Modul Persamaan Lingkaran Kelas XI MA dengan Menggunakan Aplikasi Heyzine
Authors: Muljo Ariyani , Anggreni Fenny , Maulida Sari
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This research aims to determine the validity, practicality, and effectiveness of using the Heyzine application in teaching circular equations to 11th-grade students in senior high school. The research method employed the Four-D (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate) development model developed by S. Thiagarajan, Dorothy Semmel, and Melvyn I. Semmel. Data collection involved documentation and questionnaires, while data analysis used a descriptive qualitative approach. The results showed that the e-module for mathematics instruction was deemed highly valid by experts and practitioners. The validity percentages of the e-module were as follows: 82.5% for subject matter experts with the criteria "very valid," 89% for media experts with the criteria "very valid," 85% for language experts with the criteria "very valid," and 82.75% for practitioners with the criteria "very valid." Thus, the overall validity averaged 84.81% with the criteria "very valid." The mathematics e-module on circular equations was also evaluated to meet usability aspects. Student responses to the e-module's usability across 13 assessment aspects averaged 87.53%, indicating that the e-module fulfilled usability requirements in practice. The use of the Heyzine application in teaching circular equations was proven effective, as there was an increase in student learning interest after using the module. The increase in student interest in learning mathematics reached 37.679%. Therefore, this e-module can be considered an effective alternative for improving the teaching of circular equations to 11th-grade students in senior high school.
Keywords: E-Module, Heyzine
Assessment of the Economic Effectiveness of Optimizing the Transmission of Setra S 417 Passenger Buses
Authors:   Western Ukrainian National University, Zakharchuk Olena , Kysil Victoria ,   Western Ukrainian National University, Shevchuk Oksana ,   Western Ukrainian National University, Falovych Natalіia ,   Western Ukrainian National University, Zakharchuk Vasyl ,   Western Ukrainian National University
Published: October 2024

The creation and implementation of technologies aimed at increasing fuel efficiency is becoming the focus of attention of car manufacturers. This may involve improving engines, using less dense materials to build cars, developing efficient transmissions, and implementing alternative energy sources. Changing the gear ratio of the main gear affects the force and speed of rotation of the car's wheels. When reducing the gear ratio (using a higher gear), the torque increases, but the speed of rotation of the wheels, which is used to overcome large obstacles or climb, decreases. Conversely, increasing the gear ratio (using a lower gear) decreases torque but increases wheel speed, resulting in higher speeds on flat surfaces. The effect of changing the gear ratio on fuel performance can be a bit complex. Basically, using a lower gear ratio (higher gear) can help save fuel at high speeds or when driving on level roads, because the engine can run more efficiently at lower rpm. However, in mountain conditions or when driving at low speeds, when more torque is needed, using a higher gear can result in more fuel consumption. The article proposes the reconstruction of the transmission, by replacing the gears of the main transmission, in order to change the gear ratio of the transmission of the Setra S 417 type passenger bus. The vehicle under study is operated at the "TRAVELBUS TERNOPIL" transport enterprise The traction-speed calculation of a bus with a unified transmission was carried out, the fuel-economical characteristic was calculated, and a reduction in the average consumption of fuel and lubricants was established. The effectiveness of the conducted unification was tested in different directions, and it was established that the greatest efficiency was achieved on the expressway. Such unification is not advisable on routes with mountainous terrain.
To the analysis of emissions from the wear of automobile tires as an environmental component of the use of road transport
Authors:   Western Ukrainian National University, Prohnii Pavlo , Popovich Pavlo ,   Western Ukrainian National University, Shevchuk Oksana ,   Western Ukrainian National University, Loik Ihor ,   Western Ukrainian National University, Myshko Serhii ,   Western Ukrainian National University, Koval Yurii ,   Western Ukrainian National University, Vitruk Maksym ,   Western Ukrainian National University
Published: October 2024

In the work, a study of the negative impact of vehicles on the environment, namely emissions from the wear of automobile tires, was carried out. As a result, tire dust is released into the environment, which settles on the roads, or gets into the air and is carried over considerable distances. The research of European and American scientists on the wear and tear of vehicle tires during their movement and the harmfulness of these emissions to human health is analyzed. The mechanism of tire tread wear has been studied, its types have been determined, and the factors affecting wear of the tire tread have been determined. Based on the analysis of scientific research, the influence of the established factors on the change in the concentration of PM10 and PM2.5 solid particles in emissions from car tire wear was determined. It was found that an aggressive driving style contributes to a significant increase (by 78 times) in the concentration of solid particles in emissions during tire wear. An increase in the level of emissions is also influenced by an increase in the load on the tires and an increase in the speed of movement. It was determined that new car tires are characterized by an increase in the concentration of particulate emissions, which is explained by a certain period of their running-in. An increase in the concentration of solid particles was also established when using studded winter tires compared to non-studded and summer ones. Possible steps for deepening research on the problem of solid particle emissions from tire wear and their impact on the environment are proposed. Among them: clear compliance with the load index when choosing tires, compliance with speed regimes, ensuring compliance of tire materials with wear resistance standards, taking into account the specifics of the impact of materials and the limit sizes of their components on the wear of automobile tires when designing coatings for new automobile roads and modernization of existing ones.
Alternative technology of surface strengthening of internal surfaces of durable parts
Authors:   Institute of Strength Problems named after H.S. Pisarenko of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lyashenko Boris , Lopata Larysa ,   Institute of Strength Problems named after H.S. Pisarenko of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lopata Vitalii ,   Institute of electric welding named after E.O. Paton of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Zaboykina Natalia ,   Central Ukrainian National Technical University
Published: October 2024

Barrel survivability is the main indicator of tank guns. In order to ensure the competitiveness of Ukrainian armored vehicles on the foreign arms market, there was a need to ensure the survivability of the barrels of domestic tank guns at the level of the best world samples. Solving the problem of strengthening, restoring and increasing the service life of long-dimension parts is associated with the complexity of preparing and processing the inner surface (bore) along its entire length and eliminating possible residual deformations. The problem of increasing the survivability of tank gun barrels by applying protective coatings is considered. Their brief characteristics and limits of application are given. An alternative technology for surface hardening by electrical contact sintering of powder materials is proposed. This technology makes it possible to apply coatings up to 3 mm thick, with a density approaching that of a compact material and an adhesive strength of up to 220 MPa. Electrocontact sintering refers to impulse technologies and can exclude further mechanical processing of coatings The electrical contact method is the most promising method of strengthening and restoration, as it refers to the methods with the minimum necessary heating, thereby excluding thermal deformation of the parts being strengthened (this technology will allow to eliminate the most characteristic defect of the barrel, such as its swelling and distortion). For cauterization, a specially developed electrode-tool made of a copper alloy, dispersed-reinforced with solid particles, was used, which allows combining in one operation the application of coatings and the finishing treatment by the method of plastic surface deformation to the limit size, surface cleanliness and density.
Research of braking dynamics of a road train
Authors:   Western Ukrainian National University, Prohnii Pavlo , Popovych Danylo ,   2Ternopil National Medical University named after I.Ya. Gorbachevskii, Chorna Olha ,   Western Ukrainian National University, Rozum Ruslan ,   Western Ukrainian National University, Buriak Mykola ,   Western Ukrainian National University, Biriuchynskyi Vitalii ,   Western Ukrainian National University, Bashutskyi Mykhailo ,   Western Ukrainian National University
Published: October 2024

The article analyzes the dynamic characteristics of the braking process of a two-link road train during straight and curvilinear movement. It has been proven that the greatest indicator of the efficiency of the braking process of a road train is observed during full loading of all axles, that is, when all wheels are on the verge of blocking at the same time, and the stability of the movement of the road train in the braking mode depends on the proportionality of the braking forces to the value of the normal reactions on each wheel and the nature of the interaction of the links in the support-coupling device. Dependencies for calculating the value of the normal reactions acting on the wheels of the vehicle have been obtained. It was established that when the weight of the semi-trailer changes, the largest additional load occurs on the axle of the semi-trailer, the smallest - on the front axle of the tractor. During braking in the process of straight-line movement, with increased braking intensity, the load on the rear axle of the tractor, as well as the axles of the semi-trailer, is reduced by increasing the load on the front axle of the tractor. It should be noted that simultaneously with the unloading of the axles of the semi-trailer, there is an increase in the load on the support-coupling device of the vehicle, which, in turn, results in an increase in the load on the axles of the tractor. Braking dynamics of a road train in curvilinear movement shows that an increase in the intensity of braking is accompanied by a redistribution of the values of normal support reactions and additional loading of the front axle of the tractor. At the same time, a larger value of the normal reaction is characteristic of the wheels located on the outer circle relative to the center of rotation. This effect is explained by the influence of centrifugal forces. The maximum value of lateral deviation of normal support reactions is observed on the rear axle of the tractor.
Forecasting indicators of passenger transportation by road transport
Authors:   Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Filimonikhina Iryna , Semeniuta  ,   Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Yakymenko Serhiy ,   Central Ukrainian National Technical University
Published: October 2024

The development of the automotive industry is significantly influenced by changes in the socio-economic and socio-political situations in the country. These changes cause changes in such indicators of passenger transport as the number of transported passengers and passenger traffic. In recent years, there has been a tendency for these indicators to fall. The purpose of this study is to obtain reliable short-term forecast estimates for the number of transported passengers and passenger traffic in the Kirovohrad region. In the work, an analysis of statistical data on the number of transported passengers and passenger traffic of the Main Department of Statistics in the Kirovohrad Region was carried out. For the analysis, standard methods of time series research were used using the Microsoft Excel 2016 software package and the Mathcad mathematical package for the analysis of statistical data and methods of forecasting their changes in a certain period. Linear and exponential models of trend dependencies were chosen for passenger traffic. The number of transported passengers was studied using linear and polynomial models of trend dependencies. As a result of the work carried out on the analysis, statistical processing and forecasting of such indicators of passenger road transport as the number of transported passengers and passenger traffic, it was established that with the existing situation on the transportation market and the socio-political situation in the country, a decline in these indicators will be observed. The application of adequate mathematical models of the behavior of passenger traffic and the number of transported passengers made it possible to determine the volume of passenger road transport and passenger traffic for the future period with a high degree of reliability. The results of the research can be used to determine the needs for material, technical, labor, and financial resources for the effective operation of road transport enterprises in the Kirovohrad region.
The concept of assessing the ergonomic stability of the traffic flow of large places with the balance of the dynamics of changes in flow factors
Authors:   State Biotechnological University, Vojtov Viktor , Kravtsov Andriy ,   State Biotechnological University, Voitov Anton ,   State Biotechnological University, Berezhna Natalija ,   State Biotechnological University, Sysenko Igor ,   State Biotechnological University, Kryvenko Leonid ,   State Biotechnological University, Babaryka Ihor ,   State Biotechnological University
Published: October 2024

The methodological approach of forecasting the congestion of the streets of large cities, taking into account the fluctuations in the density of traffic flows and the speed of movement of cars in the flow, received further development. The methodical approach takes into account fluctuations in the dynamics of the traffic flow in the form of changes in the acceleration of the movement of cars in the flow and fluctuations in changes in the infrastructure of the road environment, which is associated with the number of traffic lights, pedestrian crossings and the number of lanes for the movement of vehicles. Through modeling, it was found that increasing the acceleration values of cars in the stream significantly increases the range of robustness. At low values of acceleration of cars, the reserve of resistance to the formation of traffic jams decreases, which negatively affects the traffic flow, there is a probability of the formation of traffic jams. The presence of fluctuations in the density of the traffic flow and the speed of movement of cars in the flow, due to changes in the acceleration of cars, allows making adjustments to the value of the robustness criterion. Adjustments can be made for different clusters of the road network, for different times of the day, and take into account the period of fluctuations. The dependences of the change in the robustness range of the traffic flow upon changing the infrastructure of the road network are given. It has been established that increasing the number of lanes and simultaneously reducing the number of traffic lights and pedestrian crossings on the controlled cluster significantly increases the stability of the movement of vehicles in the flow. Conversely, reducing the number of lanes, increasing the number of traffic lights and pedestrian crossings on the controlled cluster significantly reduces the stability of the movement of vehicles in the flow. Adjustment of density and movement speed can be performed taking into account the amplitude of oscillations. The concept of modeling and forecasting the stability of traffic flows of large cities to the formation of traffic jams is formulated. The main components of the concept, according to which such an assessment is performed step by step, taking into account the dynamics of changes in influencing factors, are substantiated. The proposed concept differs from the known ones in that it takes into account fluctuations in traffic flow parameters - the density and speed of movement of vehicles over time. Such changes are characteristic of the city's road network during "peak hours".
Mathematical model of improving the quality of control of the mechatronic system of the car interior microclimate
Authors:   Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Holub Dmytro , Aulin Viktor ,   Central Ukrainian National Technical University
Published: October 2024

An analysis of studies of microclimate control systems in the car interior was carried out and the requirements for climatic comfort of the space surrounding a person during the operation of the vehicle were formulated. The necessity of forming a climate comfort control system as a mechatronic system of a car, which has increased speed, consistency and accuracy of adjusting the values for its determination, is substantiated. A list of indicators is proposed that most accurately take into account the cumulative effect on climatic comfort in a multi-zone working space and allow to improve the quality of functioning of the mechatronic microclimate control system of the car interior. A mathematical model for improving the quality of control of the mechatronic system of the car interior microclimate has been developed. The model describes a multidimensional nonlinear electropneumomechanical control object and its structure. The dynamic properties of digital tracking drives based on direct current collector motors, which are part of the executive part of the mechatronic system for controlling the climate comfort of the car interior, were studied. An algorithm for implementing the model in the Matlab Simulink environment has been developed, which allows for detailed computer modeling of the control processes of the mechatronic climate comfort system in order to increase its accuracy and speed. The principles of forming a multi-channel regulator of a mechatronic system based on inverse models are proposed. These principles reflect the static properties of the non-linear control object and increase the coherence of the reactions of the channels of the car interior microclimate control system.
РАДОННЫҢ ДИФФУЗИЯЛЫҚ КАМЕРАСЫНДАҒЫ CR-39 ДЕТЕКТОРЫНДАҒЫ АЛЬФА БӨЛШЕКТЕРІНІҢ ІЗДЕРІНІҢ ТАРАЛУЫ
Authors: Баграмова Асель , Жумадилов Касым
Published: October 2024

Бұл зерттеудің мақсаты радонның диффузиялық камераларында радон және оның ұрпақтары түзетін альфа бөлшектерінің іздерінің кеңістікте таралуын зерттеу болды. CR-39 (CR-39 қатты күйдегі ядролық трек детекторы.) детекторларымен жабдықталған үш цилиндрлік камера пайдаланылды, радон концентрациясы RAD7 ( RAD7 - бүкіл әлем бойынша зерттеуші ғалымдар мен кәсіпқойлар пайдаланатын жан-жақты радон және торон детекторы.)
құрылғысы арқылы бағаланды. Тіркеу детектордың бетінде альфа бөлшектерінің іздерінің біркелкі емес таралуын анықтады, камера қабырғаларының жанындағы іздердің тығыздығы орталықпен салыстырғанда 30% - ға төмен болды. Бұл нәтижелер камераның бірдей өлшемдеріне негізделген аналитикалық болжамдарға қарама-қайшы болды. Бөлшектердің түсу энергиясына қатысты анықтаудың критикалық бұрышы Track_vision бағдарламалық жасақтамасының көмегімен анықталды, бұл камера өлшемі мен критикалық бұрыштың трек тығыздығының таралуына айтарлықтай әсерін көрсетті. Сонымен қатар, зерттеу радон мен оның ұрпақтарының көлемдік және шөгінді фракцияларының ішінара үлестерін талдау арқылы трек тығыздығының өзгеру көздерін зерттеді. Бүйірлік қабырға үлесінің артқаны байқалды, ал детектор орталығынан радиалды қашықтықтың ұлғаюымен көлемдік және платформалық үлестер азайды. Камераның өлшемдерін өзгерту осы ішінара үлестердің салыстырмалы әсер етті, нәтижесінде детектордың бетінде көрінетін іздердің әр түрлі таралуы пайда болды. Эксперименттік нәтижелер Монте-Карло әдісіне негізделген бұрын әзірленген бағдарламалық жасақтаманы қолдану арқылы алынған мәндермен салыстырылды. Детектордың жауап беру функциясының бес түрлі өрнегі қолданылды, олардың екеуі эксперимент нәтижелерін айтарлықтай бағаламады. Бұл жан-жақты зерттеу радон диффузиялық камераларындағы альфа бөлшектерінің таралу жолдарының күрделі динамикасына жарық түсіреді және радон концентрациясын сенімді бағалау үшін дәл модельдеудің маңыздылығын көрсетеді.
Investigations of the influence of organic aggregate on physical mechanical and adhesion properties of sulfur-containing arbolite
Authors:   Baishev University, Issakulov B.R. , Tukashev Z.B. ,   Aktobe University named after K. Zhubanov, Abdullaev H.T. ,   Aktobe University named after K. Zhubanov, Isakulov А.B. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University
Published: October 2024

The main issue of this study is to investigate the effect of the porous structure of organic aggregate on cement stone and on the nature of the contact zone. As it is known, porous aggregate draws away some of the moisture from the adjacent cement stone layers, which promotes their compaction. In turn, the contact layers of the sulfur-containing binder also undergo changes. Also in the work, sulfur and its derivatives are used as an additive for chemical treatment. It is known that sulfur itself is a strong reducing agent, so it can affect the morphology and chemical composition of the surface of the organic aggregate of sulfur-containing arbolites. It was found that the highest index of efficiency coefficient equal to 1.02 and 1.01 have samples of sulfur-containing arbolite based on shredded cane and cotton stalks. The study of the structure of contact zones of sulfur-containing binder with shredded mercerized cane on samples from the binder dough with inclusion of shredded cane fiber showed that it has a dense and strong binder shell with a width of 35-60 μm. The results confirm that mercerization of cellulosic organic aggregates of sulfur-containing arbolites increases its adhesion ability. The obtained results of the study can be used for the manufacture of wall materials for low-rise construction.
3D-printing in the automotive industry
Authors:   Satbayev University, Ibraim A.S. , Absadykov B.N. ,   Satbayev University
Published: October 2024

Additive manufacturing is of great importance in the design and manufacture of automobiles. The number of applications for 3D printing in manufacturing continues to expand on an annual basis. In the recent past, 3D printing was primarily utilized for the fabrication of prototypes. However, there has been a notable shift in the automotive manufacturing sector, with an increasing number of manufacturers adopting the technology for the production of significant automotive components. Additive manufacturing is employed to create design iterations, improve quality through cost-effective prototyping, and produce custom tooling parts. However, there are other areas of 3D-printing in the automotive industry that are more radically transforming products and supply chains. Additive technologies and the new materials used enable the creation of various combinations, both for producing parts with increased strength characteristics and for using soft materials in the interior of the cabin. Additive manufacturing aims to improve manufacturing processes and produce high-quality products in a short time. This article describes the main trends in the integration of 3D-printing technologies into the design and manufacturing processes of cars across various classes and companies. The main purpose of this article is to highlight the key aspects of additive manufacturing in the automotive industry. The use of these trends opens up new opportunities in the automotive industry of Kazakhstan.
Forgó dugattyús befecskendezőszivattyúk a harc- és gépjárműtechnikában
Authors: Vég Róbert László
Published: October 2024

A dízelmotorok tüzelőanyag-ellátó rendszerének fejlődése során eleinte fontosabb szempont volt a megfelelő motorteljesítmény és megbízható motorüzem, jelenleg viszont elsőbbséget élvez a minél szigorúbb károsanyag-kibocsátási követelményeknek való megfelelés. A befecskendezőszivattyúk sokat fejlődtek, a kezdeti pár száz báros befecskendezési nyomások manapság már akár több ezres értéket is felvehetnek. Napjainkban elterjedtek a közös nyomócsöves, úgynevezett Common Rail rendszerek, és szinte már kiszorultak a hagyományosnak tekinthető soros (forgó dugattyús) befecskendezőrendszerek. A közúti dízelmotoros gépjárműveknél ez valójában így is van, de a katonai gépjárműtechnikában, a tehergépjárműveknél, harcjárműveknél és harckocsiknál még jelentős mennyiségben megtalálhatók a soros rendszerű fecskendezési megoldások. A cikk összefoglalja és ismerteti a tüzelőanyag-ellátó rendszerrel kapcsolatos elvárásokat, a forgó dugattyús befecskendezőrendszerek típusait és szerkezetét, egyes katonai alkalmazását és az oktatást megkönnyítő oktatási makett 3D-nyomtatással történő előállítását.
A biztonságtechnikai mérnöki képzés múltja és jövője
Authors: Bálint Ferenc , Pető Richárd
Published: October 2024

A felsőoktatás jelentős változáson ment keresztül az elmúlt 20 évben. A hallgatói és ipari igények évről évre változnak, ami kihívás elé állítja a képzést. Az elméleti oktatás mellett egyre nagyobb hangsúlyt kell fektetni a gyakorlati képzésre is, ami az ipari kapcsolatok bevonásával együtt lehetséges csak. A technológiai fejlődés ugyanakkor nemcsak a védelmi oldalt viszi előre, hanem a bűnös célú felhasználást is. Mik azok az irányok, amik jelentősen átrendezhetik a jövőt? Hogyan lehetne felkészülni mindezekre? Hogyan épülhetne be mindez az oktatásba? A cikk célja, hogy ezekre a kérdésekre választ adjon, és megmutassa azt, hogy a biztonságtechnika a technikai fejlődéssel egyre komplexebb és integráltabb lesz.
Szemelvények a magyar közúti hídrobbantások történetéből
Authors: Hajós Bence
Published: October 2024

A hazai közúti hidak robbantásáról csak nagyon kevés publikációt találhatunk. A robbantással való rombolások végigkísérik a magyar hídtörténelmet. A leghíresebb magyar hidat, a Lánchidat már építés közben is kétszer fel akarták robbantani. Óriási károkat okozott a magyar hídállományban a második világháború is, amikor 1400 közúti hidat romboltak le. A hídrobbantások története részletes kutatásokat kíván, ehhez nyújt összefoglalót ez a tanulmány.
Quantifying the spillover effects of U.S. economic policy uncertainty on emerging market economies using GMM-PVAR model
Authors: Sikhwal Shweta
Published: October 2024

This paper quantifies the spillover effects of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) in the United States on emerging market economies (EMEs). Using a generalized method of moments (GMM) estimation of a panel vector autoregression (PVAR) model on a dataset­ of 39 EMEs from 2005 to 2019, we find that increased U.S. EPU significantly raises the consumer price index (CPI) and negatively impacts the real GDP of these economies. Additionally, heightened U.S. EPU leads to a depreciation of emerging market currencies and a reduction in short-term interest rates. We employ a news-based EPU index developed by Baker et al. (2016) and conduct robustness checks using forward orthogonal transformation, an alternative EPU index, and by addressing the potential endogeneity of the oil price uncertainty (OPU) index. Our findings highlight the adverse effects of U.S. economic policy uncertainty on key macroeconomic variables in emerging markets, underscoring the importance of stable economic policies and robust institutions to mitigate these impacts.
The Impact of Smartpm's Ai-Driven Analytics on Predicting and Mitigating Schedule Delays in Complex Infrastructure Projects
Authors: Rinkesh Gajera
Published: October 2024

This study explores the extent to which SmartPM's AI-driven analytics can predict and mitigate the potential impending schedule delays on complex infrastructure projects. From this study, the exhaustive research based on case study and associated data asserts that AI-driven predictive analytics can significantly leverage the outcomes of projects by bringing the identified potential delays to notice before such occurrences and provide actionable insight regarding the possible strategies to mitigate it.
ВПЛИВ ФАКТОРІВ МАКРОСЕРЕДОВИЩА НА МОДЕЛІ УПРАВЛІННЯ РЕСУРСНИМИ ПРОЦЕСАМИ ПРОМИСЛОВИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ
Authors: Абушов Т.А.
Published: October 2024

У статті проаналізовано зовнішнє середовище функціонування підприємств, як сукупність факторів різного типу. Доведено наявність синергетичного впливу факторів на діяльність усіх суб’єктів господарювання. Розроблено схему, яка відображає логіку впливу факторів середовища на управління матеріальними та інформаційними ресурсами підприємств. До основних груп факторів макросередовища віднесено географічні, демографічні, науково-технічні, загальноекономічні, політико-правові, міжнародні, ринкові. У роботі розглянуто та доповнено зміст кожної групи факторів. На основі проведеного уточнення відокремлено фактори впливу на діяльність промислових підприємств, які проявились в умовах повномасштабного вторгнення РФ на територію України.
СУТНІСТЬ АМОРТИЗАЦІЇ ОСНОВНИХ ЗАСОБІВ ЯК ОБ’ЄКТА ОБЛІКУ ТА АНАЛІЗУ
Authors: Мискін Ю.І. , Краєвський В.М. , Мискіна О.О.
Published: October 2024

Розглянуто виникнення логіки амортизації основних засобів у історичному ракурсі. Охарактеризовано історичні відомості про перше вживання терміну «амортизація». Описано ключовий фактор, який стимулював відображення амортизації основних засобів у практиці бухгалтерського обліку. Проаналізовано підходи інституціоналістів та персоналістів до розуміння амортизації. Розглянуто амортизацію основних засобів через призму інтелектуального та евентуального підходів. З позиції інтелектуального підходу доведено відсутність єдності поглядів науковців сьогодення на трактування сутності амортизації. У розрізі евентуального підходу можна констатувати наявність єдності у розумінні амортизації основних засобів для задоволення цілей бухгалтерського обліку та економічного аналізу у вітчизняній та міжнародній практиці обліково-аналітичного забезпечення управління діяльності підприємства.
ВІД УСУНЕННЯ ПОДВІЙНОГО ОПОДАТКУВАННЯ ДО ШКІДЛИВОЇ ПОДАТКОВОЇ КОНКУРЕНЦІЇ: ІСТОРИЧНИЙ КОНТЕКСТ ТА ПОДАЛЬШИЙ РОЗВИТОК
Authors: Носенко Д.В.
Published: October 2024

Автором наведено огляд історичного контексту розвитку концепції подвійного оподаткування: від усунення, як стримуючого фактору міжнародної кооперації, розподілу праці й експорту капіталу, до боротьби з розмиванням бази оподаткування й виведення прибутку з-під оподаткування. Висунуто гіпотезу, що боротьба з подвійним оподаткуванням в часи колоніальної експансії стала підґрунтям для виникнення шкідливої податкової конкуренції й подвійного неоподаткування. Автором простежено еволюцію поглядів на боротьбу з проявами BEPS. В межах дослідження виявлено, що в процесі генезису ідей боротьби з ухиленням від оподаткування, дослідники та контролюючі органи відходять від концепції прагматичності на користь тотальної гармонізації міжнародної податкової системи, приділяючи все менше уваги розробці практичних та методологічних рекомендацій щодо виконання Дій покладених у фундамент Плану протидії BEPS.
THE SYNERGETIC IMPACT OF ELECTRONIC AND QUICK COMMERCE ON THE FOOD INDUSTRY IN UKRAINE
Authors: Oliynyk Oleksandr
Published: October 2024

Introduction. The e-commerce market in the food industry requires adaptation and innovation, but constraints hinder the implementation of modern solutions. Investments, clear regulations, and new technologies are needed to ensure product quality and stimulate innovation. Purpose. The study aims to investigate the synergistic impact of e-commerce and quick commerce on the food industry in Ukraine and to determine future development prospects. Methods. The study involves the examination and analysis of scientific research and publications, an exploration of approaches to e-commerce and quick commerce, and an assessment of their impact on Ukraine's food industry. Results. The factors of development, results, the essence of the synergy between e-commerce and quick commerce in Ukraine's food industry, problems, solutions, and development prospects have been identified. Conclusion. E-commerce and quick commerce are transforming Ukraine's food industry, enhancing efficiency and consumer satisfaction. Sustainable growth in the sector requires innovations, improved logistics, and increased safety standards.