bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intervención educativa sobre hábitos de estudio en estudiantes universitarios de Poza Rica, Veracruz, México
Authors: Hernández-Landaverde Claudia , Cruz-Núñez Fabiola , Lavoignet-Acosta Blanca Judith , Santes-Saavedra Guadalupe , Rodríguez-Cruz Dora Luz , Lara-González Cynthia
Published: June 2023

El objetivo de la investigación que se expone en este artículo fue conocer el efecto de los hábitos de estudio en estudiantes universitarios de enfermería de Poza Rica, Ver., México, después de una intervención educativa. Metodología. El estudio fue cuantitativo, preexperimental, prospectivo y longitudinal; con una muestra de 10 estudiantes en el período enero – noviembre 2019, el tipo de muestreo fue no probabilístico por conveniencia. Se utilizó el programa SPSS versión 21.0, para estadística descriptiva e inferencial. La investigación se basó en la Ley General de Salud en su artículo 100. Resultados. Los resultados indican una media (239.40) de hábitos de estudio del post-test, significativamente mayor que la del pre- test (174.20); la SD del pos-test (7.9) y del pre -test (21.23). El valor de t de acuerdo con los grados de libertad es de t (9) = 1.77. La significancia del p < .000. Con un intervalo de confianza del 95% la diferencia media entre las dos clasificaciones es de 52.66 a 77.73. Por lo anterior expresado se rechaza la hipótesis nula y se acepta la hipótesis alterna ya que el p-valor es < 0.05. Es evidente la detección de deficientes hábitos de estudio en el pre- test, con asombrosos resultados contrarios a lo que se detectó en el post con buenos hábitos de estudio, posterior a la intervención. Conclusiones, para la institución educativa se aconseja realizar investigaciones al ingreso de estudiantes a la facultad para detectar oportunamente los hábitos de estudio y con ello implementar intervenciones durante la vida universitaria de los estudiantes.
La triple identidad: Error de comprensión culturalmente condicionado, pluriculturalidad y territorialidad
Authors: Aranibar-Ramos Edgar Romario , Zanabria-Cabrera Luis Carlo , Díaz-Idme Fabrizio Manuel
Published: June 2023

En el territorio peruano se tiene noción de la existencia de diferentes culturas, pero no en su totalidad. De esta forma, la búsqueda de conocimiento no se limita a patrones culturales propios de la normativa vigente de un Estado o teorías abstractas. Por ello, se desarolla la perspectiva desde tres realidades: sector urbano, rural y no contactado; con el objetivo de profundizar la necesidad de considerar la pluriculturalidad como punto de partida en los delitos interculturales, en aras de la heterogeneidad cultural y realismo social. Siendo así, la aplicación normativa de un sector dominante sobre los intereses de las minorías -sector rural y no contactado- presenta limitaciones conceptuales y prácticas en la realidad doméstica peruana. En esa línea, se propone una visión holística y coherente a supuestos prácticos de la mano de dos ciencias: antropología y el derecho; a efecto de hacer hincapié en la existencia de una sociedad culturalmente independiente como un ente autónomo trabajado de la mano del derecho consuetudinario y el aprendizaje, como sinónimo de cultura y necesidad ante la existencia de vacíos legales que pretenden imponer un modelo restrictivo de derechos, relegando el respeto al derecho a la dignidad, principio de territorialidad, autonomía, previsibilidad e identidad
El silencio del monstruo: imagénes espectrales en el cine de terror americano de comienzos del sonoro / Silence of the Monster. Ghostly Images in American Horror Film at the Beginning of Sound
Authors: Cueto Roberto
Published: June 2023

Drácula y El doctor Frankenstein inauguraron en 1931 la producción de cine de terror en el cine sonoro al presentar a dos de los iconos por excelencia del género. Sin embargo, al ser películas producidas en el período de transición del cine mudo al sonoro, hacen gala de una característica especial que las diferencia notablemente de la posterior producción terrorífica de Hollywood: la presentación de la monstruosidad sin el recurso de la música extradiegética, lo que genera en la narración un efecto de «agujero» de silencio. En posteriores producciones de cine de terror se intentará paliar estos lapsos de silencio con el empleo de la música extradiegética o ciertos efectos de sonido, lo que parece indicar que, para la norma del cine clásico americano, eran defectos que debían ser corregidos. El siguiente ensayo tiene como objeto subrayar cómo esa llamativa presencia del silencio confiere a la representación de la monstruosidad cierta cualidad de «imágenes espectrales» o «cuerpos siniestros» que el cine de Hollywood prefirió evitar. Por otra parte, se analizará también por qué fue tan importante para el cine clásico americano el empleo de la música extradiegética, ya que cumplía una serie de funciones necesarias para sus estrategias narrativas: una mayor implicación del espectador, una adscripción a los códigos del género terrorífico y un efecto de «tridimensionalidad» aplicado a las imágenes bidimensionales.Palabras clave: música cinematográfica, cine de terror, sonido cinematográfico, transición del cine mudo al sonoro.AbstractDracula and Frankenstein, both released in 1931, inaugurated the production of horror films in Hollywood when they presented the two greatest icons of the genre. As films produced in the transitional period from silent to sound film, both showcase special features that distinguished them from posterior horror films in Hollywood: the introduction of the monstrosity without extra-diegetic music or sound effects generated the appearance of certain «holes of silence» in the film narrative. In subsequent years, these lapses of silence were hidden with music or sound effects, which indicates that they had to be corrected for the standards of classic American film. The following essay tries to analyze how the silence transforms these icons of monstrosity into the sort of «ghostly images» or «uncanny bodies» which Hollywood films preferred to avoid. On the other hand, the importance of extra-diegetic music in Hollywood film also will be analyzed for the specific narrative functions it carried out: a greater involvement of the viewer, the incorporation of the film into the codes of the horror genre and an effect of «tridimensionality» applied to two dimensional images.Keywords: film music, horror film, sound in film, transition from silent to sound.
Cuando Hollywood encontró a Harlem: caminos para la creación de un nuevo modelo de representación de la identidad afroamericana en el cine de los estudios (1970-1971) / When Hollywood Met Harlem. How the Industry Created a New Model of Representation of the Afro-American Identity in American Cinema
Authors: Fernández Meneses Jara
Published: June 2023

Desde una perspectiva histórica, este artículo analiza las estrategias empleadas por el cine norteamericano a comienzos de la década de 1970 para elaborar un nuevo modelo de representación de la comunidad afroamericana. A través del análisis del contexto socio-político y económico de ese periodo, el texto examina los dos principales elementos que explican dicho fenómeno: la crisis que sufrió la industria cinematográfica a finales de la década de 1960 y el nacimiento de una nueva conciencia racial dentro del movimiento de los derechos civiles a comienzos de la década de 1970. Tres películas se utilizan para ilustrar cómo se construyó este nuevo modelo y cuáles son sus principales atributos: Algodón en Harlem (Cotton Comes to Harlem, Ossie Davies, 1970), Sweet Sweetback’s Baadasssss Song (Melvin Van Peebles, 1971) y Las noches rojas de Harlem (Shaft, Gordon Parks, 1971). A través de la comparación entre cómo la industria representó a los afroamericanos en décadas previas y cómo lo hizo en el periodo estudiado, el artículo pretende demostrar cómo y por qué Hollywood cambió su actitud hacia el retrato de la comunidad afroamericana.Palabras clave: Identidad afroamericana, directores afroamericanos, blaxploitation, Cotton Comes to Harlem, Sweet Sweetback’s Baadasssss Song, Shaft, Ossie Davies, Melvin Van Peebles, Gordon Parks.AbstractAssuming a historical approach, this text focuses on the strategies used by American cinema to elaborate a new model of representation of the Afro-American identity in the early seventies. Through the analysis of the socio-political and economic context of the period, this text examines the two main issues we should take into consideration to explain this fact: the crisis in the cinema industry in the late sixties and the rising of a new conscience within the afroamerican civil rights movement at the beginning of the seventies. Three films are used to illustrate the construction of this new model and the principal attributes of this unusal visibility of the Afro- American experience: Cotton Comes to Harlem (Ossie Davies, 1970), Sweet Sweetback’s Baadasssss Song (Melvin Van Peebles, 1971) and Shaft (Gordon Parks, 1971). Through a comparison of the way in which the Afro-American identity was represented in these films and in the previous decades, this text attempts to demostrate how and why the Hollywood industry changed its attitude towards the Afro-American community.Keywords: Afro-American identity, black filmmakers, blaxploitation, Cotton Comes to Harlem, Sweet Sweetback’s Baadasssss Song, Shaft, Ossie Davies, Melvin Van Peebles, Gordon Parks.
Comedia romana y ficción televisiva: Plauto y la Sitcom / Roman Comedy and TV Fiction: Plautus and Sitcom
Authors: López Gregoris Rosario , Unceta Gómez Luis
Published: June 2023

Este trabajo ofrece un análisis comparativo de las características propias de la comedia palliata de Plauto (comediógrafo romano del siglo II a.C.) y de los elementos definitorios de la sitcom, género televisivo de gran aceptación popular. A través de este planteamiento, los autores pretenden poner de manifiesto la existencia de una tradición cómica que, de forma continua, ha ido transmitiendo una serie de rasgos sin conciencia de su origen remoto. Desde esta perspectiva, la sitcom permite explicar con un enfoque contemporáneo el rotundo éxito que en su momento gozó la comedia plautina y, a la inversa, ciertos patrones compositivos del teatro antiguo dan la pauta para entender la gran influencia del fenómeno televisivo que supone la sitcom.Palabras clave: Plauto, comedia palliata, cultura popular, sitcom, recepción, cultura clásica.AbstractThis paper offers a comparative analysis of the features of fabula togata by Plautus, a Roman writer of comedies of the 2nd century, and the defining characteristics of the successful TV genre, the sitcom. Using this approach, the authors aim to demonstrate the existence of a continuous tradition through which several comical features have been transmitted, without consciousness of their distant origin. Thus, the sitcom offers us an explanation, from a contemporary point of view, for the resounding success of the Plautinian comedy. Conversely, several composite elements of ancient theatre provide us with the key to understanding the reasons behind the great influence of the sitcom as a TV phenomenon.Keywords: Plautus, palliata, popular culture, sitcom, reception, classical culture.
Bollywood, de viaje por España / Bollywood: Traveling around Spain
Authors: Val Cubero Alejandra
Published: June 2023

La película de Bollywood Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara (ZNMD) traducida al español como Solo se vive una vez, fue un éxito de taquilla en el verano de 2011 en la India. Dirigida por la joven realizadora Zoya Akhtar y financiada por Turespaña, se ha construido como un perfecto proyecto de marketing a nivel transnacional, donde España se convierte en el escenario elegido portres jóvenes que deciden celebrar la despedida de soltero de uno de ellos visitando ciudades y pueblos de nuestra geografía. La película plantea interesantes temas sobre la ascendente clase media alta india que trata de armonizar un nuevo estilo de vida consumista con las tradiciones más ligadas a la generación de sus padres, y es un claro ejemplo de una industria cultural cada vez más globalizada y con más peso económico dentro y fuera de la India.Palabras clave: Bollywood, cine, España, turismo, clase media-alta en India.AbstractThe Bollywood film Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara (hereinafter ‘ZNMD’), translated into Spanish as Solo se vive una vez, was a box office success in the summer of 2011 in India. Directed by the young filmmaker Zoya Akhtar and funded by Turespaña, ZNMD was conceived as a perfect marketing product at transnational level, in which Spain becomes the venue chosen by three young people who decide to celebrate the bachelor party of one of them, by visiting some touristic towns and villages of the country. The film raises interesting topics on the ascending upper middle class in India which seeks to harmonize a new consumerist way of life with a more traditional lifestyle linked to their parent’s generation, and it is a clear example of an increasingly globalized cultural industry with more economic weight inside and outside India.Keywords: Bollywood, Cinema, Spain, Tourism, Upper-middle Class in India.
"More human than human": instrumentalización y sublevación de los sujetos artificiales / «More Human than Human»: Instrumentalization and Uprising of Artificial Subjects
Authors: Escudero Pérez Jimena
Published: June 2023

La vida sintética, orgánica y mixta creada artificialmente tiene siempre como fin satisfacer algún tipo de necesidad de su creador, el ser humano. La inteligencia de estos engendros, así como su interacción con el medio, puede ser muy variable proporcionándoles distintos grados de conciencia. Desde los robots de limpieza hasta los clones, pasando por cíborgs y replicantes o por superordenadores que toman el mando, el inventario de sujetos artificiales autoconscientes en el cine de ciencia ficción es prácticamente inagotable. En el presente artículo abordaremos algunas de sus representaciones más icónicas e influyentes para el género, así como el impacto que estas han tenido sobre nuestra concepción de la propia naturaleza humana.Palabras clave: artificial, sujeto, identidad, instrumentalización, robot, clon, cíborg, consciencia, humanidad, creación.AbstractArtificially created life, whether it is synthetic, organic or mixed, always has the purpose of fulfilling some need of its creator, human kind. The intelligence of these beings as well as their interaction with the environment can vary widely, providing them with different degrees of consciousness. From maintenance robots to clones, through cyborgs and replicants or supercomputers that take control, the inventory of self-conscious artificial subjects in science fiction is almost endless. In this article we will take a look at some of the most iconic and influential manifestations of artificial identities in Sci Fi and see how they have moulded our perception of human nature itself.Keywords: artificial, subject, identity, instrumentalization, robot, clone, cyborg, consciousness, humanity, creation.
Festivales y patrimonio cinematográfico en la era digital: la situación francesa / Film Festivals and Film Heritage in the Digital Era – The French Situation
Authors: Taillibert Christel
Published: June 2023

A lo largo de los años, los festivales de cine se han convertido en agentes fundamentales de la exhibición de patrimonio cinematográfico a través de pases aislados, retrospectivas, homenajes e incluso sesiones específicas dedicadas a este nicho específico del cine. Esta atención cultural otorgada a la historia del arte cinematográfico ha posicionado a los festivales de cine como lugares centrales en la explotación comercial de este tipo de películas, y en la actualidad son reconocidos como tal por las diferentes partes ligadas al sector. Además, la reciente digitalización de salas de cine ha cambiado la lógica de exhibición de este tipo de categoría cinematográfica en la gran pantalla, puesto que se ha vuelto dependiente de las políticas de digitalización del patrimonio fílmico lanzadas por el estado francés en 2011. El presente artículo persigue cuestionar la evolución del papel jugado en términos de mediación, educación, etc., por los festivales de cine, en especial en relación a la utopía de un mayor acceso a los recursos patrimoniales a través de Internet, utopía inherente a los programas de digitalización emprendidos.Palabras clave: festival, patrimonio, digital, mediación cultural, Francia.AbstractOver the years, film festivals have become fundamental agents for the film heritage display in France, through isolated film shows, retrospectives, tributes and even through the specialization of some of them in this specific niche. This cultural attention given to the cinematographic art history has gradually positioned film festivals as central links with regard to the commercial exploitation of these films – they are now recognized as such by the various economic parties involved in the sector. Furthermore, the recent digitization of cinemas has changed the logic of exhibition on the big screen of this film category, made dependent on the digitization politics of film heritage launched by the French State in 2011. The article seeks to question the evolution of the role of film festivals in that context – in terms of mediation, education…–, particularly with regards to the utopia of an increased access to heritage resources through Internet – utopia inherent in digitization programs.Keywords: festival, heritage, digitization, cultural mediation, France.
Effects of dynamic aging (hydrolysis and condensation) behaviour of organofunctional silanes in the aqeous solution on their penetrability into the cells walls of wood
Authors: Xie Yanjun , Hill Callum A.S. , Sun Dongyang , Jalaludin Zaihan , Wang Qingwen , Mai Carsten
Published: June 2023

The hydrolysis and condensation (aging) dynamics of aqueous solutions of (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GPS), vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTS), and (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane (APS) and their penetrability into the cell walls of European spruce (Picea abies) wood were studied to investigate the feasibility of using silanes as a cell wall modifying agent for wood and other lignocellulosic materials. The size distribution of silane particles in aqueous solution was determined using a dynamic light scattering apparatus and increased with the aging time, but at different rates depending on the silane monomer. With increasing aging time, the treated wood exhibited decreased cell wall bulking (swelling), and the water vapour sorption behaviour was less affected by treatments when compared with unmodified wood; SEM-EDX analysis revealed that there was a reduced amount of silane in the cell walls with increased aging time. These findings demonstrate the reduced accessibility of silane to cell walls following aging.
Kinetics of bagasse delignification by using high-boiling solvent
Authors: Wang Qiang , Chen Kefu , Liu Shanshan , Li Jun , Xu Jun
Published: June 2023

Kinetic modeling of lignin removal under conditions of high-boiling solvent (HBS, i.e. 1,4-butanediol) auto-catalyzed pulping of bagasse has been studied. The experimental data were collected based on the absorption of dissolved lignin in black liquor at a wavelength of 320 nm, which can eliminate the interferences arising from furfural (F) and 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) generated during pulping. The results indicated that the delignification process consists of two distinct phases. The initial phase, involving a very fast reaction, is followed by a rather slow second phase. The delignification equation was determined as: D=87.71×C0.8982× (1-e-1.757t) ×100%, which is valid within an HBS concentration range of 50% to 80% and can be used for predict the lignin removal from bagasse by HBS pulping.
DMAP-catalyzed phthalylation of cellulose with with phthalic anhydride in [bmim]Cl
Authors: Li Weiying , Wu Lan , Chen Di , Liu Chuanfu , Sun Runcang
Published: June 2023

It has been generally accepted that some ionic liquids are good media for homogeneous functionalization of cellulose. However, phthalylated cellulosic derivatives prepared in ionic liquids without any catalyst have lower DS as compared to the acetylated ones. In order to prepare the phthalylated cellulosic derivatives with higher DS, chemical modification of sugarcane bagasse cellulose with phthalic anhydride using ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([bmim]Cl) as a solvent and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) as a catalyst has been examined. The results indicated that DMAP could enhance the reaction efficiency. The native cellulose and cellulose phthalates were characterized by FT-IR, solid-state CP/MAS 13C NMR, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results from FT-IR and solid-state CP/MAS 13C NMR analyses indicated that the phthalylation between cellulose and phthalic anhydride was successfully achieved. In addition, it was found that the thermal stability of the cellulose phthalates decreased upon chemical modification.
Lignocellulosic filler/recycled HDPE composites: Effect of filler type of physical and flexural properties
Authors: Najafi Abdollah , Khademi-Eslam Habibollah
Published: June 2023

The aim of the research was to study the potential of lignocellulosic fillers such as flour of rice hull, wood saw dust, sanding flour from Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF), and sawdust from particleboard as reinforcement for recycled high density polyethylene. Natural filler HDPE composites were made from recycled HDPE and lignocellulosic fillers at 60% by weight filler loadings using a dry blend/hot press method. In all compounds 3 per hundred compound (phc) Maleic Anhydride Polyethylene (MAPE) was used. Nominal density and dimensions of the panels were 1g/cm3 and 35×35×1 cm. Physical properties of panels including short and long-term of water absorption and thickness swelling and mechanical properties, including flexural modulus, flexural strength, strain at yield, and energy to yield point were studied. Composites containing sanding flour from MDF showed higher short-term values of water absorption and thickness swelling. For the long term, such as maximum values of water absorption and thickness swelling and diffusion coefficient, composites including wood sawdust showed higher values, and composites contain rice hulls exhibited the lowest values. In addition, composites made from sanding flour from MDF showed high value of the swelling rate parameter. Water absorption behavior of studied composites followed Fick’s model. The flexural properties of composites were investigated with reference to the effect of filler type. Composites containing sanding flour from MDF and particleboard sawdust exhibited better flexural properties than others and composites containing wood sawdust showed the lowest values.
Preparation of sugarcane bagasse modified with the thiophosphoryl function and its capacity for cadmium adsorption
Authors: Sanchez Rodrigo Augusto , Espósito Breno Pannia
Published: June 2023

Sugarcane bagasse (SCB) is an important by-product from the sucro-alcohol industry in Brazil, and it is a convenient raw material for new applications. In this study, SCB was modified with thiophosphoryl chloride in order to attach the P=S chelating moiety to the fibers, aiming at the production of a new material (SCB-F) with increased cadmium adsorption capacity. The SCB-F was characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectrometry, thermogravimetry coupled to mass spectrometry, and acid-base titration. Adsorption isotherms for Cd(II) revealed a maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) of 74 mg/g, over 60 times higher than that of unmodified SCB. SCB-F thus represents a potentially interesting product for the decontamination of water bodies or effluents polluted with heavy metals.
The effects of natural weathering on the properties of heat-treated alder wood
Authors: Yildiz Sibel , Yildiz Umit C. , Tomak Eylem D.
Published: June 2023

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of natural weathering in ground contact on biological resistance, modulus of rupture, and color stability of heat-treated alder wood. Chemical composition of weathered wood was also studied by FTIR-ATR spectra. Wood stakes were heated at 150, 180, and 200°C for periods of 2, 6, and 10 hours, and the stakes were subsequently exposed to natural weathering and decay in a field area located in the north of Turkey for 3 years. The decay index of heat-treated stakes was lower than that of the controls. The weight loss prevention ratio had an increasing tendency with increasing treatment temperature and length of time. Depending on the treatment parameters, heat treatment reduced the modulus of rupture by up to 50%; however decay caused by soil micro-organisms gave rise to a greater loss of modulus of rupture than heat. Weathering processes caused remarkable color changes in the samples. FTIR-ATR spectra showed significant deformations and degradations in wood components, especially in the hemicelluloses of heat-treated samples. Degradation of hemicelluloses increased with an increase in heat temperature and exposure time.
Effect of catalysts on 5-lump distribution of constalk liquefaction in sub-critical ethanol
Authors: Liu Hua-Min , Xie Xin-An , Feng Bing , Sun Run-Cang
Published: June 2023

Liquefaction of cornstalk in sub-critical solution of ethanol without and with catalysts (K2CO3, Na2CO3 and ZnCl2) was performed in a stainless steel reactor (1 L) at temperatures of 200 to 300 oC. The cornstalk and the products of decomposition were divided into five lumps (gas, organic dissolved, heavy oil, volatile organic compounds, and residue). The effects of reaction temperature and the catalyst amount on the five lump yields were studied. The bio-oils produced with and without catalysts were characterized by GC/MS. Results showed that an increment in the temperature and the addition of catalysts had a synergetic effect on the lumps yield as compared to the non-catalytic experiments, and different catalytic procedures had an important effect on the lump yields and compounds of the bio-oils. The addition of the catalyst enhanced the gas yield and the total conversion rate. A high temperature, lower amount of Na2CO3, moderate amount of K2CO3, and a high amount of ZnCl2 were propitious to enhance the heavy oil. The formation of volatile organic compounds with the presence of ZnCl2 and K2CO3 was less than that in non-catalytic experiments at the higher temperatures. However, a higher conversion temperature had a negative impact on the bio-oils yield from liquefaction of cornstalk with and without catalysts.
The effect of grain angle and species on thermal conductivity of some selected wood species
Authors: Yapici Fatih , Ozcifci Ayhan , Esen Rasit , Kurt Seref
Published: June 2023

In this study the thermal conductivity of different wood materials was determined. For this purpose, Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Uludag fir (Abies Bornmülleriana Matff), Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis L), Oak (Quercus robur L.), and Chestnut of Anatolia (Castanea sativa Mill.) woods were used. In the test, the thermal conductivity of the woods was measured according to procedure of ASTM C 1113-99 standards. The lowest thermal conductivity was obtained in the perpendicular direction of Scots pine samples as 0.156 Kcal/mh°C. The highest thermal conductivity was obtained from perpendicular direction of samples in Oriental beech as 0.331 Kcal/mh°C.
Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose from steam-pretreated Lespedeza stalk (Lespedeza crytobotrya) with four Trichoderma cellulases
Authors: Feng Yue , Liu Hui-Qin , Sun Run-Cang , Jiang Jian-Xin
Published: June 2023

The hydrolytic potential of cellulases produced by Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma pseudokoningii, Trichoderma koningii, and Trichoderma reesei with addition of exogenous β-glucosidase was evaluated on cellulose of steam-pretreated Lespedeza. The T. viride enzyme achieved the highest glucose conversion (90.09%), while T. pseudokoningii cellulase achieved the highest ratio of cellobiose to glucose (4.94%) at the end of hydrolysis. Enzymatic adsorption on the substrate was evaluated on filter paper activity and β-glucosidase activity in the corresponding digest with the obtained T. cellulases. T. viride cellulase possessed an efficient adsorption-desorption on the substrate and reached the highest FPA difference (0.72 U/mL) among enzyme activities, indicating to its excellent hydrolysis capability. However, β-glucosidase in T. viride cellulase system showed close bonding on the substrate, suggesting that efficiencies of adsorption-desorption on the cellulose are different between the entire cellulase system and β-glucosidase. T. viride cellulase, with active endogenous β-glucosidase (1.60 U/mL), has compatible synergism with the additional exogenous β-glucosidase.
Study the deformation behavior of materials under bending
Authors:   I. M. Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science of NAS of Ukraine, D. G. Verbylo
Published: June 2023

The application of bending tests is due to the widespread use of this load scheme in real operating conditions and its greater softness compared to tensile strength. This makes it possible to assess the properties of materials that are brittle when tensile. Bending tests are convenient for estimating the transition temperatures from brittle to plastic (for example, in cold-brittle BCC metals and intermetallics). The issue of determining the elastic characteristics, in particular the measurement of deflections, needs to be clarified. The aim of this work is to improve experimental methods for determining the characteristics of elasticity, in particular to determine the ratio of movement of internal rollers relative to external and deflection between internal rollers, as well as accurate determination of absolute deformation of the test machine depending on load. To obtain the deformation curve of the sample without the deflection meter, a method of subtracting from the total load curve the yield curve of the test machine, which can be obtained after testing the sample with a high axial moment of inertia to minimize its deflection. To test this technique, a ceramic sample based on Al2O3 was tested. After the adjustments, it was found that the modulus of elasticity was 371.3 GPa, which corresponds to the tabular values. The proposed technique allows to accurately measure the modulus of elasticity and obtain curves of microdeformation of low-plastic materials at different test temperatures in the absence of a deflector. The deflection of the central part of the sample relative to the inner rollers by four-point bending is 3/8 of the movement of the inner rollers relative to the outer ones. The improved method of determining the deflections allows to obtain diagrams of deformation of the samples without the deflection meter, as well as to measure the modulus of elasticity and obtain curves of microdeformation of low-plastic materials at different test temperatures. Comparison of the results of determining the modulus of elasticity by methods without a deflector and with it allows you to assess the accuracy of measuring the modulus of elasticity. It is experimentally established that the difference between the values of the Young's modules calculated by the proposed method and the corresponding values calculated taking into account the directly measured deflections does not exceed 1%. Keywords: bending, stress, deformation, deflection, angle of rotation, radius of curvature, axial moment of inertia, deflection meter.
The influence of the choice of the brand of cutting diamonds and the concentration of UDPA in the bond filler on the performance of diamond tube drills when processing granite and glass
Authors:   I. M. Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science of NAS of Ukraine, V. P. Umanskу , V. P. Krasovskyy ,   I. M. Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science of NAS of Ukraine, O. A. Bashchenko ,   I. M. Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science of NAS of Ukraine
Published: June 2023

The results of laboratory tests for drilling granite and window glass with diamond tube drills are given. The drills were made by the method of vacuum impregnation, developed at the Institute of Scientific Research of the National Academy of Sciences named after I. M. Frantsevich, and studied on a Sachsenwerk drilling machine (Dresden, Germany) in cold running water in order to prevent oxidation of diamonds and bonds due to their heating during work. The dependence of the efficiency of the drills on the content of very strong cutting diamonds of the AS500 500/400 brand, less strong — of the AS32 500/400 brand, as well as on the concentration of ultradispersed diamond powders (UDPA or ASM 1/0) in the filler of the tool bundles was studied. These indicators were compared with the indicators of drills equipped with diamond grains of the AS200 500/400 brand, which were obtained and described earlier when drilling the same non-metallic materials. The performance of diamond drills was evaluated by their wear and drilling speed. The highest quality tools can be obtained if you use high-strength diamond grains of the AS500 500/400 brand. The operational characteristics of such drills differed in high wear resistance (low wear) and drilling speed. The efficiency of drilling with diamond drills that were equipped with lower-quality diamond grains of the AS200 500/400 and AS32 500/400 brands was significantly lower. It was possible to increase the drilling speed and reduce the wear of such tools when the filler was introduced into the connection with ASM 1/0 in the amount of 5—7% (wt.) due to the improvement of its mechanical properties. But all the same, such diamond drills were inferior in efficiency to tools equipped with high-quality diamonds of the AS 500 500/400 brand. Keywords: diamond drills, bond samples, drilling tests, drilling speed, wear.
Association of Chest Radiography With Outcomes in Pediatric Pneumonia: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Geanacopoulos Alexandra T. , Neuman Mark I. , Lipsett Susan C. , Monuteaux Michael C. , Michelson Kenneth A.
Published: June 2023

OBJECTIVE

Chest radiograph (CXR) is often performed for the evaluation of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in the ED setting. We sought to evaluate the association of undergoing CXR with 7-day hospitalization after emergency department (ED) discharge among patients with CAP.

METHODS

This was a retrospective cohort study including children 3 months to 17 years discharged from any ED within 8 states from 2014 to 2019. We evaluated the association of CXR performance with 7-day hospitalization at both the patient and ED levels using mixed-effects logistic regression models accounting for markers of illness severity. Secondary outcomes included 7-day ED revisits and 7-day hospitalization with severe CAP.

RESULTS

Among 206 694 children with CAP, rates of 7-day ED revisit, hospitalization, and severe CAP were 8.9%, 1.6%, and 0.4%, respectively. After adjusting for illness severity, CXR was associated with fewer 7-day hospitalizations (1.6% vs. 1.7%, adjusted odds ratio: [aOR] 0.82, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.73–0.92). CXR performance varied somewhat between EDs (median 91.5%, IQR: 85.3%–95.0%). EDs in the highest quartile had fewer 7-day hospitalizations (1.4% vs 1.9%, aOR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.65-0.94), ED revisits (8.5% vs 9.4%, aOR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.80–0.96) and hospitalizations for severe CAP (0.3% vs. 0.5%, aOR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.51–0.97) as compared to EDs with the lowest quartile of CXR utilization.

CONCLUSIONS

Among children discharged from the ED with CAP, performance of CXR was associated with a small but significant reduction in hospitalization within 7 days. CXR may be helpful in the prognostic evaluation of children with CAP discharged from the ED.
A Neonate With a Rash
Authors: Kazemi-Butterfield Nazanin , Asamoah Eucabeth M. , Little Jason T. , Schimmenti Lisa A. , Scruggs Brittni A. , Ristagno Elizabeth H.
Published: June 2023

A full-term female was admitted at 3 days of life with a worsening rash since birth, concerning for infection. She developed clinical seizures and was transferred to our facility. She was admitted to the pediatric hospital medicine service and diagnostic workup was expanded with several specialists consulted. Presumptive diagnosis was made clinically, with definitive diagnosis established thereafter.
Solving Intergenerational Communication Problems in Tourism and Hospitality Enterprises
Authors: Luka Ineta , Drozdova Valerija , Šakytė-Statnickė Gita , Budrytė-Ausiejienė Laurencija
Published: June 2023

Aim. The aim of the research is to identify intergenerational communication problems in tourism and hospitality enterprises and define teaching/learning initiatives and methodologies required to develop employees’ competencies to solve intergenerational communication problems.
Methods. 12 semi-structured expert interviews with tourism and hospitality business owners and/or top-level management in three countries (Lithuania, Latvia, and Sweden) were conducted to collect information on generational differences in communication and intergenerational communication problems in the company. Qualitative content analysis was applied for data analysis.
Results. Nine main groups of intergenerational communication problems have been detected and corresponding teaching/learning initiatives and methodologies that take into account the specific characteristics of each generation are recommended to eliminate each of the problems identified.
Conclusion. Generational differences and differences in communication lead to intergenerational communication conflicts in tourism and hospitality enterprises. The suggestions on organising adult learners’ teaching/learning process based on generational differences may be applicable in workplace learning and also in educational institutions providing adult education.
Cognitive value. The paper focusses on analysing intergenerational aspects in communication processes in tourism and hospitality enterprises and offers the means of solving communication conflicts by employing certain adult teaching/learning initiatives and methodologies suitable to non-formal and formal adult learning.
Teaching Concerns in Higher Education: Impact of Covid-19 in Pedagogy
Authors: Alam Sohaib , Hameed Ansa
Published: June 2023

Thesis. The present study aims to explore the impact of Covid-19 on higher education and identify the different problems faced by pedagogues around the globe. It compares the outcomes and comments from both established and developing countries to understand the change in pedagogical procedures.
Concept. The desire for social isolation that was unheard of until the 20th and 21st centuries became a catchall word during the pandemic. For educational institutions, the governments’ emergency measures to switch from traditional classroom settings to virtual alternatives generated important opportunities and problematic obstacles.
Results and conclusion. The study was conducted thorough research of Covid-19's broad effects on pedagogical practices in higher education, from the viewpoints of both instructors and learners. An analysis of diverse secondary materials was carried out and conclusions were derived accordingly. The findings show that the pandemic caused distinct problems for different populations depending on selected criteria that were explored and emphasised in the proposed study.
Originality. The study has thoroughly analysed the ideas, challenges, of online educational pedagogy to identify the effectiveness and challenges. The main research contribution is the finding that asserts the promise of technology and the challenges that students encounter when learning through digital processes.
Socio-Psychological Aspects of Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Haringa Ivan , Janáčková Laura , Kardis Kamil , Gažiová Maria , Vyacheslavovna Apakina Liudmila
Published: June 2023

Aim. The main aim of the research is to identify and evaluate the quality of life of patients with an eating disorder – anorexia nervosa. In an analytical and descriptive way, the authors determine the level of various areas of life of patients who suffer from anorexia nervosa.
Methods. The subjects of the study were participants suffering from anorexia nervosa. Based on qualitative research through unstructured interviews, the authors carried out causal case individual investigations, which they classified according to anamnesis, diagnostic tools and areas, which they evaluated based on the statements of the participants.
Results. The analysis shows that anorexia nervosa affects different areas of life. It is a lifelong problem that has a huge impact on the physical, psychological, and spiritual side of a person.
Conclusion. The study deals with the various elements of anorexia nervosa, which ultimately affects a person for life. Through definitions and interpretations of the authors' research results, we can confirm that it has multi-problematic consequences for the categorised areas of an individual's life, for the family and the groups in which they live.
Gandrung Sewu Festivals: The Transition from Ritual Dance to Tourism Dance in Banyuwangi Indonesia
Authors: Suharti Mamik , Sari Cahyani Tunggal
Published: June 2023

Aim. Ritual ceremonies in East Java, Indonesia are mostly accompanied by dances. The existence of the seblang dance in Banyuwangi, East Java, provides an attraction for local residents and tourists. With more and more people being interested in seeing rituals because of the dance, an idea arose to bring the dance to be the main source of attracting tourists by removing the ritual element and providing tourism packaging for the seblang dance which was then brought into the realm of tourism in the form of gandrung sewu.
Method. This research is qualitative in nature, in which the required data can be in the form of written statements, whether contained in archives, books or documents with a focus on dance performances, charms in them, the possibility of therapeutic elements, and their relation to tourism development. The written data that was successfully collected was then confirmed with field data and information from relevant experts and experts.
Results. The Gandrung Sewu Festival is a form of imitation of the Seblang dance with changes such as: a colossal form of variation, the audience does not need to pay to see it, has an economic and social impact on the surrounding environment, does not have a magical element but is more of a show, and is an imitation of the seblang sacred dance.
Conclusion. The change in form and meaning of the Gandrung dance, which was originally a performance in a sacred ceremony, has become a tourism dance that meets the criteria for tourism art.
Post-Covid Media Behaviour Patterns of the Generation Z Members in Slovakia
Authors: Lesková Andrea , Lenghart Patrik
Published: June 2023

Aim. The aim of the article is to identify and describe internet-consumption behavioral patterns that have been common after the Covid-19 restrictions have been lifted.      
            Concept. In July 2022, we conducted a quantitative research based on an online survey in which 800 members for the Slovak Generation Z participated.
            Results. The results indicate a notable decrease in the quantity of time the Slovak Generation Z members spend daily online, when compared to the time of the Covid-19 pandemic, but the average daily time spent online never returned to the numbers typical for the pre-Covid times.
            Conclusion. Our data are an asset to the general knowledge base about the Slovak Generation Z internet-consumption behavioral patterns, but they are also specifically relevant for the disciplines of marketing, and mass-media communication, that view the Generation Z cohort as a part of  the global audience.
            Cognitive value. The article contributes to the growing knowledge-base about the internet-consumption behavioral patterns of the (Slovak) Generation Z, and as such could be  valuable for building theories about this part of the audience between the years 2020 and 2030, which will be a pivotal time for the development of marketing, internet and mass-media communication and the changes that will occur along with the change of the dominant position from the Generation Y to Generation Z, when it comes to the influence on the world’s mass-media markets, but also in other segments.
The Discourse of Daily Life during the War: the 2022 Ukrainian Projection
Authors: Klymanska Larysa , Klimanska Maryna , Haletska Inna
Published: June 2023

Aim. To define and describe the positions of Ukrainians in their attitude to the war on Russia and reflection of this attitude in the discourse of daily life in wartime.

Concept/Methods. 25 transcripts of semi-structured interviews subjected to thematic analysis. Relying on the categories identified through thematic analysis, the criteria differentiating the attitude of Ukrainians to the war, viz. personalization/depersonalization, media practice of content consumption, assessment of the so called “we-they-relationship”, reflection on the changes in daily life, the process of adaptation to changes, ideas of exemplary behavior were established.

Results and conclusion. The analysis of the results enabled to outline the problematic field of assessment of the attitude of Ukrainians to the full-scale war on Russia and reflection of this attitude in the discourse of daily life in wartime. Relying on the criteria differentiating this attitude, three typical positions in the attitude of Ukrainians to the war were outlined – that of external observer, optimistic fatalist, and rational optimist.

Practical application. Clarification of the specific characteristics of the attitude of Ukrainians to the war and perception of the enemy under such circumstances enables to envisage the public opinion response to certain decisions related to the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine, to plan communication campaigns promoting volunteer movement with due account of different positions taken by Ukrainians as well as to determine the degree of psycho-traumatizing of individuals in the crisis situation of war via discourse.

Originality/Cognitive value. The study was conducted in October-November 2022, on the ninth month of the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine, and it reflects the thoughts of Ukrainian civilians concerning the war, its reasons, collective responsibility of Russians, and, finally, changes occurring in the life of the country and every individual, the process of adaptation to this complex situation. The use of quality methods (semi-structured interview) for the study ensured focusing on subjective peculiarities of the perception of war and daily life during in wartime.

Conclusions: The typology of ideas, types of attitude of Ukrainians to the reality of war requires verification and further specification within a quantitative study aimed at clarification of quantitative figures representing the prevalence of the established positions.