bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vulnerability Mitigation and Risk Assessment of Technological Disaster
Authors: Ozunu Alexandru  , Török Zoltán  , Coşara Viorel  , Cordoş Emil  , Dutrieux Alexis
Published: February 2025

Risk calculation as a function of probability and magnitude of consequences is an important step in technological risk management. Taking into account the importance of the local communities' role in Emergency Response Plans, it appears that vulnerability should be an important new factor in the technological risk formula. The paper presents a case study for the improvement of technological risk calculation taking vulnerability into account.
Environmental Negotiations and their Connection with Climate Change Risks
Authors: Petrescu Dacinia Crina  , Ozunu Alexandru
Published: February 2025

For more than half a century we have been witnessing a globalisation process not only in the economy, but also in ecology. The disappearance of frontiers in relation to the effects of human activities on the environment and the use of the common resources of the planet: air, oceans etc., make international environmental negotiations very important. The increasing intensity and frequency of the consequences of climate change have led to a higher awareness and commitment to reduce them in many countries, including Romania. On July 2007, the meteorological red code warning was enforced for the first time in Romania, in the south of the country. The unusually high temperature registered for a long period of time throughout the country and the prolonged drought of 2007 are two of the most recent effects of global warming visible in Romania. Negotiations focused on reducing the consequences of the extremely hot weather and drought had as a first result the Government's approval for the National Strategy and the Action Programme for Conception of Anti-Drought Strategy in the Short and Medium Term.
Environmental Hazards and Safety in Ukraine: Scientific and Educational Aspects
Authors: Nekos Vladimir
Published: February 2025

Humanity has known a lot of catastrophes and failures of natural elements but there also invisible dangers which constantly, and gradually, become very dangerous for vital social functions. These include ‘artificial earthquakes’ from explosions, and the role of vegetable products with chemical contamination, on which the population needs appropriate ecological education. In this article the theoretical questions on research of these invisible ecological hazards in the Ukraine are expounded, as are questions on biological risks related to the population's use of heavy metals and other chemical elements in terms of plant- and vegetable-growing and the like. The questions of generating ecological consciousness are expounded through the creation of new technology for ecological and general education.
Global Sustainable Development and the Main National Strategies for the Environment in the Republic of Moldova
Authors: Slobodeniuc Ghenadie
Published: February 2025

Besides representing the object of scientific study, the phenomenon of globalisation is a real and an inevitable process for the whole of humanity. In this context, the practical question is raised: how does the new political entity that is the Republic of Moldova integrate and take part in the accomplishment of the mega tendencies of global development and what new socio-political mechanisms are necessary to find a prompt answer to the challenges of the modern world, such as international terrorism, poverty and unemployment, international migration, environmental pollution, etc.
Earthquake Scenarios for the Microzonation of Sofia
Authors: Paskaleva Ivanka
Published: February 2025

The study of site effects and the microzonation of a part of metropolitan Sofia, based on the modelling of seismic ground motion along three cross sections are performed. Realistic synthetic strong motion waveforms are computed for scenario earthquakes (M = 7) applying a hybrid modelling method, based on the modal summation technique and finite differences scheme. The synthesised ground motion time histories are source and site specific. The site amplification is determined in terms of response spectra ratio (RSR). A suite of time histories and quantities of earthquake engineering interest are provided. The results of this study constitute a database that describes the ground shaking of the urban area. Using this database, the problem of estimation of seismic wave's behaviour for the Sofia region is discussed. We employed synthetic velocigrams to extract maximum particle velocities distribution has to calculate horizontal strain factor Log10ϵ distribution, using simplified relation between particle velocity and velocity of shear waves in the surface layer. It is shown that it is possible to estimate liquefaction susceptibility in terms of standard penetration values and initial overburden stress. The results can be used for microzonation purposes as well for determination main parameters of structural control devices in the Sofia region.
Conclusions After the Fuel Depot Fire at Buncefield (GB), December 2005
Authors: Tschiedel Kerstin
Published: February 2025

On December 11, 2005 several explosions took place in Buncefield Oil Storage Depot. It was the largest fire that Europe has seen in over 60 years. No concluding reports regarding the negative impact on the environment (especially on the ground water, caused by the intense fire-fighting measures and the air pollution, caused by the smoke) have yet been provided. The investigations of the accident are being performed by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE), in collaboration with the Environment Agency. The supervision committee for the investigations is the Major Incident Investigation Board (MIIB), consisting of independent experts, as well as HSE and EA employees. The MIIB has so far published three Progress Reports and one interim report.
Constructing Families of Latin Squares over Boolean Domains
Authors: Nosov Valentin A.
Published: February 2025

We construct families of Latin squares over Boolean n-tuples. This construction uses representation of Latin squares by families of Boolean functions. In this connection we study a new property of Boolean functions called properness. For these families of functions we prove classifying results.
A Cyclic Code Approach of Bent Functions over
Authors: Wolfmann Jacques
Published: February 2025

We present a description of bent functions by means of Cyclic Codes overand(preliminary report).
Constructing Boolean Functions with Extremal Properties
Authors: Khalyavin Andrey
Published: February 2025

In this work we present a new way to construct 3-resilient Boolean functions of 9 variables with nonlinearity 240. Such function have been discovered very recently in [1] and [2] by a heuristic search. We find these functions by an exhaustive search in the class of functions symmetric under cyclic shifts of the first seven variables. The exhaustive search was reduced significantly by using of special techniques and algorithms which can be helpful in other similar problems. Also we construct some new functions that attain the upper bound on nonlinearity of higher number of variables.
On Boolean Functions with Generalized Cryptographic Properties
Authors: Braeken An  , Nikov Ventzislav  , Nikova Svetla  , Preneel Bart
Published: February 2025

By considering a new metric, we generalize cryptographic properties of Boolean functions such as resiliency and propagation characteristics. These new definitions result in a better understanding of the properties of Boolean functions and provide a better insight in the space defined by this metric. This approach leads to the construction of “hand-made” Boolean functions, i.e., functions for which the security with respect to some specific monotone sets of inputs is considered, instead of the security with respect to all possible monotone sets with the same cardinality, as in the usual definitions. In this way, we are able to relax some trade-offs between important properties of Boolean functions. We show relations between resilient Boolean functions, linear codes, monotone span programs, and orthogonal arrays in this generalized setting.
Conjectures on the Number of Balanced Boolean Functions of Bounded Degree
Authors: Cusick Thomas W.
Published: February 2025

We state several conjectures which provide good upper and lower bounds for the number of balanced Boolean functions in n variables with degree less than or equal to k. We give proofs for several special cases and give some reasons why we think that the conjectures are true. We believe that the conjectures will be very useful for further research.
Islamic Jihad in Iraq: Suicide or Martyrdom
Authors: Hameed Basim
Published: February 2025

The epidemic of suicide bombings in Iraq under the US occupation is largely funded, organized and carried out by foreign governments and Jihadist groups. Some Iraqis have aided this cause but most see the suicide-bombers as anti-Iraqi due to their indiscriminate killing of civilians alongside US troops. The response to these attacks has been inadequate, both on the part of the US military and the Iraqi police.
Female Suicide Bombers: Victims or Murderers?
Authors: Lahnait Fatima
Published: February 2025

In recent years an increasing number of women have volunteered for suicide missions. Generally they do so because they are of low status and see little future for themselves. The organizations that exploit them prefer to claim they are serving their religion or nations, or even women's liberation.
Let the Sane of Saudi Arabia Unite
Authors: Heggy Tarek
Published: February 2025

Over the last two hundred years Saudi Arabia has experienced long periods of domination by Islamic extremists. This has led to the current intellectual climate which produced most of the 9/11 suicide bombers. The Saudi government must introduce a range of reforms to reverse this worrying trend.
Mental Disorders, Perceived Need and Perceived Barriers to Care in Military Samples
Authors: Sareen Jitender  , Stein Murray B  , Belik Shay-Lee  , Afifi Tracie O  , Asmundson Gordon JG
Published: February 2025

Untreated mental illness is an enormous problem in civilian and military populations. This paper reviews the literature on 1) methods and controversy related to defining the need for mental health treatment at a population level, 2) studies examining the relationship between mental disorder diagnoses and self-perceived need for mental health treatment, and 3) studies examining attitudes and barriers toward mental health care. Similar to civilian populations, the few studies in military samples have found that the majority of soldiers meeting criteria for a mental disorder do not receive mental health treatment or perceive a need for treatment. Attitudinal barriers (e.g., I would be seen as weak; a wish to solve the problem on their own) are more commonly endorsed than structural barriers (e.g., cost of services) toward seeking mental health care. Implications for future research and interventions are discussed.
Major Ideologies Motivating Terrorism and Main Characteristics of Terrorism
Authors: Sütalan Zeynep
Published: February 2025

Ideology has been regarded as one of the motivational causes of terrorism. In fact, the ideology is not what motivates people to turn to terrorism as a means to achieve political ends, but it is used as a legitimizing tool for the terrorist acts in the eyes of the public. This article aims to display the relationship between the ideologies and the terrorism, and precisely how ideologies are used for terrorist purposes. Within the scope of this article, types of terrorism, classified in terms of ideological motivations, namely left-wing, right-wing, separatist and religious terrorism, are explored. The changing profile of terrorism is also touched upon with reference to ideological shifts, and how these reflect on the terrorist organizations and their acts.
Reduction of Cogging Torque in Permanent Magnet Motors Combining Rotor Design Techniques
Authors: Černigoj Andrej  , Gašparin Lovrenc  , Fišer Rastko
Published: February 2025

High performance motor drive applications require permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) that produce smooth torque with low torque ripple components. This paper quantifies various sources of torque ripple and is focused on rotor PMSM design techniques that can be used for reducing the cogging torque. For each chosen design technique a validation with finite element method (FEM) analysis is given. Finally the comparison and evaluation of design principles and their combination are presented and commented.
Electromagnetic Design of Variable-Reluctance Transducer for Linear Position Sensing
Authors: Corda J.  , Jamil S.M.
Published: February 2025

The linear position transducer based on variable reluctance principle is a contactless device distinguished by a simple construction which allows accomplishment of a large sensing range without adverse effects on accuracy and sensitivity. The goal in the electromagnetic design of the transducer is to achieve its output directly proportional to position, which is of particular relevance for precise real-time position feedback control of linear drives under dynamic conditions. Such a requirement is resolved through a combined consideration of magnetic and electrical arrangements, which includes magnetic circuit optimisation and investigation of the effects of core losses and motional e.m.f. on the transducer output.
Application of Logarithmic Potential to Electromagnetic Field Calculation in Convex Bars
Authors: Apanasewicz Stanisław
Published: February 2025

Description of method of calculation of electromagnetic field induced by sinusoidal alternating current (or direct current) flowing in the infinitely long cylinder with convex intersection is aim of this paper. Potential of simple layer and Newtonian potential are applied. Adequate integral equations were introduced for calculation of integrands in these potentials. In the event of alternating current impedance boundary condition is considered.
Israel: The Role of Nuclear Weapons
Authors: Evron Yair
Published: February 2025

Israel's ambiguous nuclear posture is basically a diplomatic fiction but it signals self restraint and caution. The main purpose of the Israeli nuclear image has been deterrence; however, the policy has not in fact deterred armed violence against the state, and it was only a secondary factor in inducing Arab regimes to seek peace. The policy has not contributed significantly to regional stability, but nor has it been a major factor in fostering instability. Currently, the probability of situations requiring the actual exercise of Israeli nuclear deterrence is extremely low. Iranian nuclearization will create a very different strategic environment, but whether Israel will have to change its ambiguous posture as a result remains to be seen.
Non-Nuclear Ukraine and Its Nuclear Security
Authors: Grechaninov Vadim
Published: February 2025

The catastrophic acts of terrorism against the USA in September 2001 clearly demonstrated the limits of the UN's capacity or even abilities of the USA as the only global superpower to ensure international security. Like-minded middle-range powers, among which the Ukraine might be considered, can to a certain degree compensate for what the UN, the USA and Russia lack, and thereby make a contribution towards stabilizing the world security situation. Ukraine's disarmament experience can serve as a positive example for the world today.
Understanding Deterrence
Authors: Ifft Edward
Published: February 2025

Nuclear deterrence continues to be an important concept in international relations, despite the dramatic changes since the Cold War. As efforts are made to reduce the number of nuclear weapons to very low levels, with the ultimate goal of elimination, it is important to consider issues such as who is entitled to have nuclear deterrence, how nuclear deterrence operates at very low levels, the proper role of ABM defenses and how to strengthen nonproliferation norms by assuring the security of states without nuclear weapons. One path to resolving these difficult issues may be a greater reliance upon collective defenses by groups of states, using conventional arms.
A Comparison of Republican and Democratic Policies Regarding Non-proliferation
Authors: Smith Harold
Published: February 2025

The use of nuclear weapons by terrorists against urban targets is generally agreed to be the most formidable threat faced by the United States today. Yet, there is remarkably little discussion of the threat in the presidential campaigns, and for good reason: one doesn't win elections by frightening the voters – better to concentrate on domestic issues such as the economy or medical insurance or ethanol. Nonetheless, the populace is entitled to know what the candidates intend to do to protect the country from so formidable a threat. Insight can be found by studying the writings of key advisors on the general issue and applying their thoughts to programs that must be considered by the next administration, whether Republican or Democrat. In this case, modernization of the nuclear arsenal and ratification of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty provide touchstones that separate the philosophical differences on these issues.
Modern Nuclear Strategy of China
Authors: Zolotarev Pavel
Published: February 2025

Chinese military policy, including nuclear strategy, should be considered not only in the context of the policy of the state as a whole but also in the context of this ancient country's culture. China's nuclear strategy corresponds to the conditions of the rising world order and this does not presuppose that China would give up the development of its nuclear forces. Still it should be stressed that Chinese nuclear strategy does not consider nuclear weapons to be battlefield armaments. China's commitment not to use nuclear weapons first and its proposal to the other nuclear powers to undertake similar obligations deserve support.
Iranian nuclear program – peaceful or military goals?
Authors: Fitzpatrick Mark
Published: February 2025

Iran has no known nuclear weapons or doctrine, other than an insistence on its right to sensitive fuel cycle technologies, which it asserts are for peaceful purposes. Yet Tehran's behaviour and the nature of its program provide reasons to conclude that the purpose is a nuclear weapons capability. The history of safeguards violations and of changing stories is one reason to doub that Iran's answers to the IAEA work plan warrant early closure of the file. Other reasons for concern are the economic illogic of its enrichment effort and at least ten indicators of military involvement in the nuclear program.
Open Source Intelligence
Authors: Best Clive
Published: February 2025

Open Source Intelligence can be defined as the retrieval, extraction and analysis of information from publicly available sources. Each of these three processes is the subject of ongoing research resulting in specialised techniques. Today the largest source of open source information is the Internet. Most newspapers and news agencies have web sites with live updates on unfolding events, opinions and perspectives on world events. Most governments monitor news reports to feel the pulse of public opinion, and for early warning and current awareness of emerging crises. The phenomenal growth in knowledge, data and opinions published on the Internet requires advanced software tools which allow analysts to cope with the overflow of information. Malicious use of the Internet has also grown rapidly, particularly on-line fraud, illegal content, virtual stalking, and various scams. These are all creating major challenges to security and law enforcement agencies. The alarming increase in the use of the Internet by extremist and terrorist groups has also emerged. The Joint Research Centre has developed significant experience in Internet content monitoring through its work on media monitoring (EMM) for the European Commission. EMM forms the core of the Commission's daily press monitoring service, and has also been adopted by the European Council Situation Centre for their ODIN system. This paper will review this growing area of research using EMM as an example.
Large-Scale Semi-Supervised Learning
Authors: Weston Jason
Published: February 2025

Labeling data is expensive, whilst unlabeled data is often abundant and cheap to collect. Semi-supervised learning algorithms that use both types of data can perform significantly better than supervised algorithms that use labeled data alone. However, for such gains to be observed, the amount of unlabeled data trained on should be relatively large. Therefore, making semi-supervised algorithms scalable is paramount. In this work we review several recent techniques for semi-supervised learning, and methods for improving the scalability of these algorithms.
Distributed Categorizer for Large Category Systems
Authors: Gaussier Eric  , Pacull Francois
Published: February 2025

We describe here a categorization system that allows to manage an arbitrary number of categories. It is based on a cascade of categorizers arranged as a tree. Categorizers are deployed on a set of machines to parallelize the processing.
Data stream management and mining
Authors: Hebrail Georges
Published: February 2025

This paper provides an introduction to the field of data stream management and mining. The increase of data production in operational information systems prevents from monitoring these systems with the old paradigm of storing data before analyzing it. New approaches have been developed recently to process data ‘on the fly’ considering they are produced in the form of structured data streams. These approaches cover both querying and mining data.
Modeling a Real Time Mobile Information System for HazMat Telegeomonitoring
Authors: Boulmakoul Azedine  , Chala Mohamed  , El Bouziri Adil  , Laurini Robert
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we propose a real time mobile information system architecture for hazardous materials telegeomonitoring. We illustrate the integration of various software components and we give an object oriented model for overall system with real time considerations. The component-based development is also introduced with a framework of mobile object modeling on transportation network. In addition, a significant component giving multicriteria fuzzy routing is incorporated into a spatial decision support system (SDSS). Its allows analyses of risks and evaluation of routing strategies that minimize the transportation risk. Integrating the SDSS within our proposed system increases its performance and viability. A prototype system of HazMat transportation for Mohammedia city has been developed.
A GIS-Based Multi-Objective Travel Planner for Hazardous Material Transport in the Urban Area of Milan
Authors: Luè Alessandro  , Ciccarelli Diego  , Colorni Alberto
Published: February 2025

What differentiates hazardous material (hazmat) shipments from the transport of other materials is the risk associated with an accidental release of the material. The paper concerns the problem of routing and scheduling hazmat in urban and suburban road networks. This problem involves conflicting objectives among interested parties: the shipping company, the client, the vehicle driver, the environment agency of the area, the population. In presence of conflicting interests, the use of a decision support system (DSS) is recommended. The paper outlines an ongoing work to develop a DSS based on a Geographical Information System (GIS) for hazmat transport in the city of Milan. We use a probabilistic risk assessment model, which takes into account, as route selection parameters, the probability of accidents and the consequences of an accident for each road segment. The model considers population, vulnerable facilities (schools, hospitals, …), territorial infrastructures (e.g. railways, electric lines), natural elements (water bodies, green areas, …), critical areas (e.g. areas which may be a target for a terrorist attack). An hazmat multi-objective route planner has been developed in Python language using ESRI ArcGIS to perform spatial analyses and to optimize the procedure. The planner, which is in a prototype phase, has been tested on Niguarda, an area of the city of Milan characterized by the presence of an important hospital.
An Integrated System for the Hazardous Materials Transport in a Sub-Regional Scale Area
Authors: Bersani Chiara  , Minciardi Riccardo  , Sacile Roberto  , Tomasoni Angela Maria  , Trasforini Eva
Published: February 2025

This chapter, after briefly outlining the main features of hazmat transportation and related risk, presents a risk-based approach for planning and managing the hazmat flows on road infrastructures. A dynamic hazmat vehicle routing problem at a sub regional scale is considered modelling transport risk on each link of the network. The considered hazmat routing problem has been stated as a multi-objective mathematical programming problem. The information used in order to pose this dynamic routing problem is relevant to the link risk, the network structure, and the current (and foreseen) hazmat and generic traffic incoming and outgoing the network. It is assumed that the decision maker is a Public Authority which has the responsibility of controlling and managing the road network and traffic flows. The main objective of the Authority is to equalize the risk on the overall network and to minimize the risk for all kinds of road infrastructure users. A territorial analysis has been performed to characterize each link according to the induced risk assessment. A case study relevant to the District of Cuneo, in Northern Italy, is presented to validate the applicability of the approach.
Living Labs: Helping to Meet the Needs of Ageing People?
Authors: Galbraith Brendan  , Mulvenna Maurice  , Martin Suzanne  , McGloin Eileen
Published: February 2025

This paper introduces a new enabling method for open innovation, called living labs. Living labs are spaces where companies, public organizations such as councils or health and welfare organizations and communities can work together to develop and prototype new products, technologies and services in real environments embedded in the community or market place. We describe the steps being taken to establish a living lab in Northern Ireland, called TRAIL (Technologies for Rurality, Ageing and Independent Living). The objective of TRAIL, achieved through community-facilitated and user-driven studies, is to create service and product innovations that will enable rural and ageing citizens to live independently in the heart of their communities. TRAIL will develop pilot products and services for this sector of the community, with the added benefit of validating and fine-tuning the innovation methods. Importantly, TRAIL will support a fusion of innovation models, technology and integrated community care-based approaches.
Aging Educators with Disabilities: Experiences with Accommodations
Authors: Milchus Karen
Published: February 2025

Science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) educators aging with or into disability may need accommodations in order to teach. Survey results show that STEM educators are mostly using architectural accommodations and equipment that may be already in place (e.g., ramps, LCD projector) and are less likely to be using specialized assistive technology. Although they are receiving accommodations for their primary job tasks, they are not always receiving accommodations for other aspects of their job, such as participating in professional development. Most educators are satisfied with their workplace accommodations, but almost one-third were not. In addition, many educators are determining and paying for their own accommodations, with less input from employers and rehabilitation professionals than would be expected. In order to retain educators as they age with or into disability, these issues must be addressed so that they can obtain accommodations that will effectively and comprehensively meet their workplace needs.
Closed-Captions for Viewers with Low Vision Caption Speed and New Tools
Authors: Inoue Shigeki  , Nakano Yasushi  , Arai Tetsuya  , Nagai Nobuyuki  , Ooshima Kensuke  , Yamamoto Yuriko  , Schepker Nicole
Published: February 2025

In an era in which the world population of individuals aged 65 and older constitutes nearly 500 million people, the accessible design of information is increasingly important. Closed-captioning, originally designed to make televised information accessible to deaf and hearing-impaired individuals, now benefits millions of people with a wide range of abilities. The United States, which has legislated captioned television for over thirty years, can be considered a world leader in the practice from which many countries, including Japan, may learn. Yet even in the U.S. there is no effective style of captioning for elders and people with low-vision. The captioning of short clips, such as TV commercials and short video, is especially lacking.
Youth and Violence
Authors: Çetin Füsun Çuhadaroğlu
Published: February 2025

Youth violence, increasing all over the world, has become an important issue both socially and psychologically. The consequences of youth violence are much traumatic both for themselves and for the victims and their families. The involvement of youth in political violence especially requires special attention. It is crucial to identify the youth under risk of getting involved in violent acts and develop preventive programs. This paper presents the psychological characteristics of youth and risk factors which make them available for becoming involved in violent acts and discusses the protective and preventive measures to be taken for the prevention of youth violence.
Globalization, Youth and Security
Authors: Ulusoy M. Demet
Published: February 2025

Undoubtly, globalization has been one of the most hotly-debated topics over the past few decay. Globalization broadly refers to the expansion of global linkages, the organization of social life on a global scale, and the growth of a global consciousness, hence to the consolidation of world society. Such an ecumenical definition captures much of what the term commonly means, but its meaning is disputed. It encompasses several large processes; hence,definitions differ in what they emphasize. Globalization is historically complex; definitions vary in the particular driving force they identify. The meaning of the term is itself a topic in global discussion. The current article tries to study on a subject that was not searched very much previously in terms of its severity. This study on the basis of the theories of basic human needs, social construction and human development, scrutinizes globalization as a process through which Money has become a deity on the throne of technology and as a consequence human beeings are becoming isolated by means of destroying ecology of human development. The result of this is violence and historical collapse. And unfortunately, the front victims of this process are the children and the young people.
Opening Speech: Bosnia Herzegovina's Stand against Terrorism
Authors: Çikotiç Selmo
Published: February 2025

International efforts should be renewed to find a definition of terrorism and take effective measures against it. The measures required for the new threats may take us beyond the conventional legal norms. This paper also describes the steps taken by the Ministry of Defence and government in Bosnia Herzegovina in combating terrorism.
Information Technologies and Telepresence
Authors: Fontaine Jean-Guy  , Chellali Ryad
Published: February 2025

Telepresence and telexistence are new concepts where human machine interactions are controlled through networks. Telepresence and telexistence could be defined as processes where one or several distant humans are directly interacting with a third distant party like a robot or a humanoid or a computer.
Problem Questions of Creating the Accident Prevention System of Objects by Using Information and Navigation Technologies
Authors: Viter V.V.  , Demyanenko A.V.  , Kazakov V.V.
Published: February 2025

The problems of accident prevention of a person, mobile and stationary objects have the imperishable urgency. The development of information technologies, their distribution to the field of creating information and navigation systems offer new opportunities for creating such systems.
A Background for Network-Based Education Development
Authors: Valchewsky Andrey
Published: February 2025

A background for e-Education environment in Belarus is described. Recent activities show that networking infrastructure combined with traditional high level educational system provide perspective basis for secure distant education systems development utilizing informational resources both in Belarus and belonging to the Pan European R&D Network GEANT.
Towards E-Learning Implementation in Belarus
Authors: Valchevskaja Gajane  , Valchewsky Andrey
Published: February 2025

The goal of this publication is to introduce project on creation of an advanced distance course RuWirEd in WebCT environment. The course is destined for Russian speaking auditorium and provides knowledge about basics of methodology and technology as well as teaching specifics of electronic education.
Cisco Networking Academies Development in CIS Countries
Authors: Valchevskaja Gajane  , Malhaniok Mikhail
Published: February 2025

Networking educational program Cisco Networking Academy is described, which is based on combination of e-Learning and instructor training courses. The Program consists of the following segments: IT-essentials, CCNA Discovery and Exploration, CCNP, Security and Wireless. Situation of the education activities is presented for CIS countries. Key technologies are presented that provide wide range of services based on secure network operation.
Main Trends of Informatization Development in the Republic of Belarus in 2006–2010
Authors: Pantelei Nikolai Petrovich
Published: February 2025

The current state of the Program “Electronic Belarus” is presented. One may assert with a sufficient share of assurance that this State Program of Informatization of the Republic of Belarus for 2003–2005 and further by 2010 is the main mechanism of implementation of informatization processes in the republic of Belarus. On the whole, the “Electronic Belarus” program fulfills its tasks. Taking into account the objective circumstances retarding the program completion the goals of the first stage of the program will mainly be achieved in 2006. Having in mind all importance and top priority of solution of general systematic tasks a new composition of the draft Programs stipulates implementation of the whole number of applied information systems in the field of fulfillment of individual functions of the e-government, the e-business, the e-education, etc. in 2006–2010. From the point of view of stages of informatization processes this is logical and correct.
International Standards and Standards of Republic of Belarus Ensuring a Formation of Public Key Infrastructure
Authors: Mikulich Nikolai Dmitrievich
Published: February 2025

Public Key Infrastructure is a body of normative juridical and technical normative juridical acts, administrative organized documents providing lawful employment of documents in electronic form certified by digital electronic signature, authenticity of which is certified by digital electronic certificate/signature (DEC), and a respective technical-organizational structure providing the generation, distribution, verification of authenticity, withdrawal of digital electronic signature keys and their certificates.
Security Resource Management
Authors: Shikhov Leonid
Published: February 2025

A comprehensive disaster and emergency management solution provides the common operating picture you need to rapidly assess conditions, make decisions, deploy relief and resources, and respond effectively to crises. The SAP for Defense & Security solution portfolio meets these criteria by providing the corresponding overall benefits.
Sharpening Intrusion Detection Systems by Testing
Authors: Gad El Rab Mohammed  , Abou El Kalam Anas
Published: February 2025

The framework for a component-aware Evaluation is investigated. The objective of introducing such framework is to provide a diagnostic evaluation by which developers can evaluate their own intrusion detection systems and interpret its behavior in terms of its component.
High Technologies Park
Authors: Tsepkalo Valery  , Makhaniok Mikhail  , Valchevskaja Gajane
Published: February 2025

High Technologies Park is keenly interested in R&D projects in various science-intensive areas. The High Technologies Park hosts legal entities or individual entrepreneurs engaged in: Fundamental and applied R&D, experimental R&D in the field of natural and technical sciences (scientific, research, experimental and engineering works). Analysis, design and software development of information systems and technologies (includes design, development, delivery and documentation of custom software or off-the-shelf software; design, development and implementation of enterprise information system; consulting, training and technical support services for the software developed by High Technologies Park residents).
ICT-based Applications for Active Ageing: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Malanowski Norbert
Published: February 2025

There are several paradigms behind the general aim of extending the average human life expectancy without extending suffering. The most challenging one is “active ageing” put forward by the World Health Organization. The new paradigm of active ageing takes the life-course perspective and different life styles into account when distinguishing between different groups of older people. Active ageing refers in this context to a continuous participation in social, economic, cultural, spiritual and civic affairs, not just the ability to be physically active or part of the labour force. Active ageing views elderly people as active participants in an age-integrated society. An interesting way for advancing research on concepts to match supply and demand can be derived from focusing on promising ICT application fields for age-based innovations. In fields like learning, employment, health, housing and others a lot of ICT-based applications for active ageing can be found. This article argues that ICT for active ageing is a new promising framework to tackle the challenges of ageing societies, to transform them into opportunities and to use as many opportunities of ageing societies as possible.
ICT for Housing
Authors: Paulus Wolfgang  , Hilbert Josef  , Potratz Wolfgang
Published: February 2025

Many research and development projects have demonstrated that ICT for housing offers opportunities to support living (comfortably) at home in old age. However, to date there are no scientific studies which would explain the reasons why ICT for housing is so difficult to implement. One most beloved by politicians is an alleged “technophobia”; however, in most cases this has proved to be rather nonsensical. As has been shown in this article, the bottleneck for the implementation of ICT to support living at home in old age is not technology – but rather the “philosophy” of development strategies, design and fit with the circumstances of everyday life of the elderly and their carers. Technology is not an end in itself. It makes sense only when it really “supports” people to fully utilize their options for active ageing.
Active Ageing in Europe: Policy Discourses and Initiatives
Authors: Walker Alan
Published: February 2025

The transition from a largely passive to a more active political orientation among older people was echoed (and encouraged) by policy makers at both local and national levels. The EU played a leading role in facilitating the articulation of this new approach by and to older people through the 1993 European and 1999 UN years. In particular the outline of a new approach to active ageing in the latter provided a radical statement about the potential of active ageing to reflect, on the one hand, the discourses arising, bottom-up, from older people and being reinforced by those with scientific expertise in health and well-being and ageing, on the other, those coming, top-down, from policy makers concerning the economic sustainability of the EU's social protection systems. In other words, active ageing is that rare policy concept that can unify the interests of all key stakeholders: citizens, NGOs, business interests and policy makers. While the significance of ICT for this policy have not been proclaimed until very recently there is an expectation of increasing pressure for action on this front at EU and Member State levels. For various reasons the comprehensive vision of active ageing set out in 1999 has not been reflected in EU policy instruments or actions. Therefore a fresh approach may be necessary to re-orientate active ageing discourses from their dominant focus on employment to a broader, more comprehensive, one on participation.
The Impact of Global Ageing on Labour, Product and Capital Markets
Authors: Börsch-Supan Axel
Published: February 2025

Global ageing will be a major determinant of long term economic development in industrial and developing countries. The extent of the demographic changes is dramatic and will deeply affect future labour, financial and goods markets. The expected strain on public budgets, and especially social security budgets, has already received much attention, but ageing poses many other economic challenges that could threaten productivity and growth if they remain unaddressed. While ageing is global, there are marked differences in the speed and the extent of the ageing processes across countries. These differences are likely to generate different growth paths and change the international pecking order within the developed countries. Due to the globalization of labour, financial and goods markets, however, these differential demographic developments will also precipitate trade and factor movements. Exploiting these movements offers important opportunities during the ageing process.
The “Silver Market in Europe”: Myth or Reality?
Authors: Gassmann Oliver  , Keupp Marcus M.
Published: February 2025

All in all, the demographic changes in Europe imply an enormous economic potential. While these changes are still considered a nightmare by much of today's media (as characterised by notions such as ‘clash of generations’, ‘war on pensions’, ‘Methusalah complot’), the economic power of the 50+ generation makes one thing very clear: in the long run, only those firms that understand how to address the demands of this age group by designing products and services according to their needs will survive in most markets of the future. Although older customers in principle have basic demands similar to those of younger customers, there are a number of important differences in preference and consumption patterns, as well as a greater importance of aspects related to health, safety, independence, mobility, and social participation. Even if older customers do not explicitly articulate these needs, those products and services that implicitly recognise them, and offer ways to fulfill the demands that stem from them, will have a great market potential. Furthermore, older customers do not fit the cliché of conservative, technology-averse customers. Market research shows that the new generation of 50+ consumers likes to experiment and to try something new quite often. Traditional values no longer strongly dominate the decision to buy. Consumption is increasingly characterised by hedonism and self-realisation motives. Neither are older customers technology-averse. However, they only buy technology-related products if these, in their eyes, represent meaningful solutions to existing problems.
Privacy and Security
Authors: Leavitt Frank J.
Published: February 2025

Many of the concepts and considerations which are discussed under the heading of “Identity, Security and Democracy” are the same as those which are found in bioethical discussions of access to medical records, the Human Genome Project, and bio banks. A brief look at some of the great philosophers, Descartes, Hume and Maimonides, leads to the suggestion that we should be willing to do away with privacy and be open with everyone. But this is utopian, ignoring the fact that we have enemies. When security is at stake, there are reasons to be more lenient and reasons to be less lenient about violations of privacy.
Biometric Recognition: An Overview
Authors: Pavešić Nikola  , Ribarić Slobodan
Published: February 2025

Biometric recognition involves methods of automatically recognizing people by their biological and/or behavioral characteristics. Biometric systems have now been deployed in various physical and logical access control applications as well as in forensic applications. This paper describes the architecture and the basic modules of a biometric recognition system, as well as the information flow during the enrollment and recognition (verification and identification) phases of the system operation. Different rates for measuring system performance are introduced. The unimodal systems are discussed and the reasons for introducing multimodal systems, based on integration schemes that fuse the information obtained from sensor to decision level, are presented. Finally, some concluding remarks, open problems and limitations of biometric recognition systems are given.
Architecture for the Internet of Things: API
Authors: Grønbæk Inge
Published: February 2025

The architecture includes a secure API, a backbone and separate device networks with standard interface to the backbone. The API decouples innovation of services and service logic from protocols and network elements. It also enables service portability between systems, i.e. a service may be allocated to end-systems or servers, with possible relocation and replication throughout its lifecycle. Machine-to-machine services for Connected Objects (CO) could benefit the society in many areas, including environmental, health care, trade, transportation, alarms and surveillance. However, such development depends on the availability of global interoperability and powerful communications features. There are urgent actions to be taken to pave the way for this development to take place. The pivotal point is service ubiquity which depends on interoperability not only for a standard QoS controlled IP bearer, but also for cross domain security, mobility, multicast, location, routing and management, including fair compensation for utility provisioning. The proposed architecture with its API not only includes these critical elements but also caters for multi-homing, mobile networks with dynamic membership and third party persistent storage based on indirection. The API supports end-to-end service control and offers capability features as a vehicle for service development and ubiquitous deployment. The architecture is more generic than traditional hierarchical sensor and actuator networks as it supports grids and autonomous neural type of networks.
Modelling of e-Services
Authors: Révészová Libuša  , Bucko Jozef  , Mihók Peter
Published: February 2025

Different electronic services offered in e-banking, e-commerce, e-government, e-manufacturing, e-learning, etc. are becoming to be a part of everyday life for people everywhere. As a basis for decision to use an e-service the trust is one of the most critical factors. In this paper we deal with modelling of e-services related to trust and security aspects of collaborative information sharing systems. Developing the identity management for the next generation of distributed applications digital signature can be used. We use IEM as a possibility to model this e-service.