bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SIKU (SISTEM KUARTET UNTUK INGGRIS): REDESIGNING A QUARTET CARD GAME BASED ON PACITAN LOCAL WISDOM TO ENHANCE STUDENTS’ ENGLISH VOCABULARY
Authors: Apriyanti Chusna , Wibowo Agung , Hadi Samsul
Published: December 2024

The main objective of this research is to design and develop a quartet card game that integrates Pacitan’s local wisdom to enhance students’ English vocabulary. Mastery of English is crucial in today’s globalised world, yet Indonesian students’ proficiency remains low. Effective and engaging learning materials, like the quartet card game, can help improve English skills. This research uses the Research and Development (R&D) method with the ADDIE model, which includes five stages: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The analysis stage involved needs assessment and learning context analysis. The design stage created an initial quartet card game based on Pacitan’s local wisdom. In the development stage, a prototype was made and tested. The implementation stage used the game in classroom learning. The evaluation phase assessed the game’s effectiveness by measuring students’ vocabulary enhancement and their responses. Results showed that the SIKU card game effectively enhanced students’ English vocabulary and increased their motivation and interest in learning English. The positive response from students indicates that integrating local wisdom into learning media makes the learning process more engaging and meaningful. This research contributes to education by developing innovative, local wisdom-based learning media, enriching learning materials, and strengthening students’ cultural identity.
Pengaruh Tingkat Kesejahteraan Keluarga Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Siswa Pada Mata Pelajaran Sosiologi di SMAN 19 Kabupaten Tangerang
Authors: Bachtiar Janu Shyam , Kuntari Septi , Irfani Lindawati Yustika
Published: December 2024

The focus of this research is student learning achievement which is caused by the level of family welfare. The aims of this research are 1) To find out whether there is an influence of the level of family welfare on student learning achievement in sociology subjects at SMAN 19 Tangerang Regency, 2) To find out how much influence the level of family welfare has on student learning achievement in sociology subjects at SMAN 19 Tangerang Regency.  Data collection techniques use questionnaries, interviews and documentation. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling technique, in this study the samples chosen were 2 (two) classes, namely XI IPS 3 and XI IPS 4 for the 2022/2023 academic years. The results of research showed that 1) Based on linear regression analysis show that the regression equation is Ŷ = 90,671 – 0,027X, so that an r2 value of 0,005 or 0,5% is obtained. This shows that there is a negative and insignificant influence on the level of family welfare on student learning achievement in sociology subjects at SMAN 19 Kabupaten Regency it was 0,5%. 2) Based on the analysis of the stages of a prosperous family according to the BKKBN the respondents is in the prosperous family category 3, 3) Based on the analysis of learning achievement the respondents is in the high achievement category, In the end, analysis of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory, students go to school to feel secure about their future and students go to school to get good achievements so as to improve their social status.
Konstruksi Pengetahuan Ibu Muda Dalam Pola Asuh Anak Di Desa Sindangsari
Authors: Amelia Pipi , Soetrisnaadjisendjaja Deny , . Haryono
Published: December 2024

Parent are role models for children, in every process they can determine the child’s character. Involvement in parenting and adjustment to children is where parents play a role. This research aims to determine the construction of young mother’s knowledge in parenting patterns in Sindangsari Village. The method used is qualitative with a case study type of research. The results of the research explain that the contructions of young mother’s knowledge in parenting patterns in Sindangsari Village occurs through a social contructions process, namely externalization, objectavation, and internalization. It was concluded that the parenting patterns applied by young mothers were driven by belief factors. Where, young mother learn from the past, namely the treatment they receive or learn from the surrounding situations. The types of parenting chosen by young mothers in Sindangsari Village are democratic parenting and permissive parenting.
Praktik Sosial Catcalling Pada Remaja Di Kecamatan Cikeusal Kab. Serang-Banten
Authors: Indriyani Indriayni , Setiawan Rizki , Kuntari Septi
Published: December 2024

This research aims to determine the social practice of catcalling in Cikeusal District. Catcalling according to Chhun (2011) identifies catcalling as the use of indecent words, verbal expressions and also non-verbal expressions which occur in public places, for example on roads, on sidewalks and bus stops. Verbally, catcalling in usually done through whistling or comments about a womens appearance. Non-verbal expressions also include glances of physical gestures that act to provide an assessment of a woman’s appearance. The method in this research uses a qualitative research method with a descrptive approach, meaning that the research results are formulated after all the data has been analyzed. In simple terms, it can stated that qualitative research is examining informants as research subjects in their daily living environment. The results of this research in clude the social practice of catcalling in cikeusal village, the meaning of catcalling in society.
Machine learning for medical image classification
Authors: Husain Gazi , Mayer Jonathan , Bekbolatova Molly , Vathappallil Prince , Matalia Mihir , Toma Milan
Published: December 2024

This review article focuses on the application of machine learning (ML) algorithms in medical image classification. It highlights the intricate process involved in selecting the most suitable ML algorithm for predicting specific medical conditions, emphasizing the critical role of real-world data in testing and validation. It navigates through various ML methods utilized in healthcare, including Supervised Learning, Unsupervised Learning, Self-Supervised Learning, Deep Neural Networks, Reinforcement Learning, and Ensemble Methods. The challenge lies not just in the selection of an ML algorithm but in identifying the most appropriate one for a specific task as well, given the vast array of options available. Each unique dataset requires a comparative analysis to determine the best-performing algorithm. However, testing all available algorithms is impractical. This article examines the performance of various ML algorithms in recent studies, focusing on their applications across different imaging modalities for diagnosing specific medical conditions. It provides a summary of these studies, offering a starting point for those seeking to select the most suitable ML algorithm for specific medical conditions and imaging modalities.
Perioperative Geriatrician Assessment Is Associated with a Lower Risk of Emergency Department Visits After Total Joint Arthroplasty
Authors: Liimakka Adriana P. , Farid Alexander R. , Zhu Lillian , Monette Patrick J. , Varady Nathan H. , Lange Jeffrey K. , Javedan Houman , Chen Antonia F.
Published: December 2024

Background:

Previous research has underscored the benefits of geriatrician consultation in improving outcomes for older patients undergoing hip fracture repair, highlighting enhanced functional outcomes and reduced morbidity. However, the impact of geriatrician care in outcomes for patients undergoing elective total joint arthroplasty (TJA) has yet to be described. We aimed to determine whether preoperative or postoperative geriatrician involvement was associated with differences in the length of hospital stay and emergency department (ED) visits after TJA.

Methods:

This retrospective cohort study screened the medical records of patients ≥65 years of age undergoing primary elective TJA in a network of tertiary hospitals. Geriatrician consultations occurring within a period spanning 90 days before to 90 days after TJA were recorded. Bivariate analysis and multivariable regression models were used to assess the relationship between receiving these consultations and changes in the length of stay and ED visits.

Results:

A total of 16,076 patients undergoing primary TJA were included. Of these surgical procedures, 9,677 (60.2%) were total knee arthroplasties and 6,087 (37.9%) were total hip arthroplasties; 1,416 (8.8%) of cases had geriatrician visits. Patients had lower odds of requiring postoperative ED visits when they had at least 1 geriatrician appointment within the week preceding an arthroplasty (odds ratio [OR], 0.97 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.68 to 0.99]; p = 0.005). This effect was most notable for 65-year-old patients (OR, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.45 to 0.98]).

Conclusion:

This study reports promising evidence supporting the benefits of perioperative geriatrician visits on TJA outcomes. Preoperative visits were shown to be associated with decreased odds of ED visits after TJA in patients for up to 90 days postoperatively. Thus, geriatrician involvement in elective TJAs has the potential to improve outcomes and reduce morbidity and costs for patients and reduce costs for surgeons and institutions.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Eficacia del apixaban versus dalteparina como tratamiento de la tromboembolia venosa asociada al cáncer: revisión sistemática
Authors:   , Arce Huamani Miguel Angel
Published: December 2024

Antecedentes y objetivos El tromboembolismo venoso (TEV) es común en pacientes con cáncer. La terapia anticoagulante con heparinas de bajo peso molecular (HBPM) y los anticoagulantes orales directos (ACOD), como dalteparina y apixaban, han demostrado eficacia y seguridad. Sin embargo, todavía se necesita más investigación comparativa sobre estos fármacos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo sintetizar la evidencia sobre la eficacia de apixaban en comparación con dalteparina para reducir el TEV recurrente, el sangrado mayor y el sangrado no mayor clínicamente relevante asociado con el cáncer. Materiales y métodos Realizamos búsquedas sistemáticas en las bases de datos PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library y ClinicalTrials hasta el 5 de enero de 2023 para ensayos controlados aleatorizados que compararan apixaban frente a dalteparina como tratamiento para el TEV asociado al cáncer. Se incluyeron cinco estudios. Los efectos según los metaanálisis se informaron como riesgos relativos (RR) y sus intervalos de confianza del 95% (IC). Resultados Se encontró que 33 de 734 (4.5%) pacientes tratados con apixaban y 56 de 767 (7.3%) con dalteparina tuvieron TEV recurrente como un resultado de eficacia (RR 0.49, IC 95% 0.15–1.58, I2 38%). El sangrado mayor ocurrió en 25 de 734 pacientes tratados con apixaban (3.4%) y en 27 de 767 pacientes tratados con dalteparina (3.5%) (RR 1.29, IC 95% 0.31–5.27, I2 59%). De igual manera, el sangrado no mayor clínicamente relevante ocurrió en 64 de 734 pacientes tratados con apixaban (8.7%) y en 46 de 767 (5.9%) pacientes tratados con dalteparina (RR 1.52, IC 95% 1.05–2.19, I2 0%). Conclusiones El apixaban mostró un menor riesgo de TEV recurrente que la dalteparina en pacientes con TEV asociado al cáncer, aunque sin diferencia estadística. Se observó significación estadística para el sangrado no mayor clínicamente relevante pero no para el sangrado mayor.
Dynamic Behaviors of CO2 Enhanced Shale Oil Flow in Nanopores by Molecular Simulation
Authors: Tian Kangjian , Wang Tianyu , Ma Zhengchao , Weng Jintao , Zhou Xiaoxia , Dai Jiacheng , Zhang Ye , Tian Shouceng
Published: December 2024

With the development of unconventional oil and gas, shale oil has become a significant focus for exploration and development. The mineral composition of shale is notably complex, and the mechanisms underlying carbon dioxide (CO2)-enhanced shale oil flow remain insufficiently understood. While many studies have addressed adsorption in shale oil and gas, research into the dynamic flow of CO2 and shale oil within pore spaces is limited. To investigate the mobility behavior of CO2 and shale oil in nanopores from a microscopic perspective, a dynamic flow model for CO2-enhanced shale oil flow, considering wall adsorption effects, was established by using the Non-Equilibrium Molecular Dynamics (NEMD) method. This model simulated CO2-enhanced shale oil flow within organic nanopores under reservoir conditions and analysed the effects of pore size, temperature, and injection pressure. The results show that shale oil forms four adsorption layers in 4-nm graphene pores, with a density of 2.25 g/cm3 in the first adsorption layer and 0.63 g/cm3 in the free zone, closely aligning with the standard shale oil density of 0.66 g/cm3 at 343 K and 25 MPa, thereby validating the accuracy of the model. The peak density of the first adsorption layer is 3.55 times that of the free zone, highlighting shale oil’s strong adsorption capacity at the pore wall. The study reveals that the diffusion coefficients of CO2 within the pores are 1.05, 1.14, and 1.41 times higher than those of pentane, octane, and dodecane, respectively. Additionally, the diffusion coefficient of shale oil increased by 10.3 times when the pore size increased from 2 to 5 nm, and by 3.9 times when the temperature rose from 303 to 383 K. Injection pressure also led to a 1.5 times increase in diffusion coefficients. Thus, in shale oil development, adjusting pore size, temperature, and injection pressure can enhance production, although excessive injection pressure may result in CO2 gas channeling, negatively impacting CO2-enhanced shale oil flow. This study offers a microscopic exploration of CO2-enhanced shale oil flow mechanisms and provides a theoretical foundation for efficient shale oil development.
An applied noise model for scintillation-based CCD detectors in transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Zietlow Christian , Lindner Jörg K. N.
Published: December 2024

Measurements in general are limited in accuracy by the presence of noise. This also holds true for highly sophisticated scintillation-based CCD cameras, as they are used in medical applications, astronomy or transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Further, signals measured with pixelated detectors are convolved with the inherent detector point spread function (PSF). The Poisson noise, arising from the quantized nature of the beam electrons, gets correlated by this convolution, which allows to reconstruct the detector PSF based on the Wiener–Khinchin theorem and the Pearson correlation coefficients under homogeneous illumination conditions. However, correlation also has a strong impact on the noise statistics of basic operations like the binning of signals, as it is usually done in electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). Thus, this paper aims to give an insight into the different noise contributions occurring on such detectors, into their underlying statistics and their correlation. Detectors usually suffer from gain non-linearities and quantum efficiency deviations, which must be corrected for optimal results. All these operations influence the noise and are influenced by it, vice versa. In this work, we mathematically describe all these changes and show them experimentally. Methods on how to measure individual noise and correlation parameters are described allowing readers to implement routines for finding them. Sufficient knowledge on the noise of a measurement is not only crucial for classifying its quality and meaningfulness, but also allows for better post-processing operations like deconvolution, which is a common practice in spectroscopy to enhance signals.
Melatonin protect against pregabalin-induced gonadotoxicity via anti-oxidative, anti- inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, enzymatic and hormonal regulatory mechanisms
Authors: Ajayi Ayodeji Folorunsho , Borisade Motolani Susan , Oyedokun Precious , Akano Oyedayo Phillips , Ajayi Lydia Oluwatoyin , Adeyemi Wale Johnson
Published: December 2024

Background:
The therapeutic value of pregabalin in the management of different pathological states like sleep, anxiety and bipolar disorders, fibromyalgia, epilepsy, among others, cannot be overemphasized. Nevertheless, the gonadotoxicity of this drug remains a point of concern. Contrarily, melatonin, an endogenous hormone is known for its favourable effects on the reproductive tissues following different insults. Thus, this study aimed to examine the impact of melatonin on male Wistar rats exposed to pregabalin.
Methods:
A total of sixty male Wistar rats weighing between 120-140g were assigned randomly to six groups, with each group consisting of ten rats. The control group was given 0.5ml of normal saline orally, whereas melatonin alone and increasing dosages of pregabalin were delivered at 10, 150, and 300 mg/kg/BW orally, respectively. At the specified dosages, two groups were simultaneously treated with melatonin and low and high doses of pregabalin. All treatments lasted for 56 days. With the excepton of the hormones, biomarkers were assayed in the testicular and epididymal tissues.
Results:
Pregabalin resulted in notable decreases in the percentage body weight, testicular weight, relative testicular weight, FSH, LH, testosterone, 3β-HSD, 17β-HSD, SOD, catalase, and GSH, as compared to the control group. However, these effects were mitigated in the groups who received melatonin in conjunction with pregabalin. Overall, the administration of melatonin had no negative impact on the levels and activities of the biomarkers. Pregabalin caused significant elevations in lactate, pyruvate, LDH, GGT, MDA, caspase, IL-1β, NFk, TNF-a, and distorted testicular histoarchitecture, but this effects was blunted in the group that were co-administered with melatonin. The impact of the two doses of pregabalin on all the biomarkers exhibited an irregular combination. The histological findings were parallel to the biochemical assays.
Conclusion:
Conclusively, melatonin has a protective effect against pregabalin-induced gonadotoxicity via anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and enzymatic and hormonal regulatory mechanisms.
Clinical trial number: not applicable
Medicine at Theatre: a tool for well-being and health-care education
Authors: Marzi Tessa , Adembri Chiara , Vignozzi Linda , Innocenti Barbara , Cruciata Maria Antonietta , Lippi Donatella
Published: December 2024

Effective communication plays a crucial role in healthcare settings, as it enhances patient outcomes and improves the overall quality of care and well-being. The rationale for this study was to use theater as a communicative tool by playing stories related to some important healthcare issues. The specific goal was to study the effectiveness of a specially designed theater intervention in enhancing psychological well-being and awareness of some aspects such as the doctor-patient relationships, communication skills, pro-social behavior, and empathy. A pre- and post-experience questionnaire was used to track the audience's response. The results indicate that theater can efficiently promote well-being and spread crucial awareness about healthcare-related issues. Furthermore, the study underscores the varying perceptions and evaluations of health-related topics among individuals based on their age. Finally, we would like to underlie that theatre can also be a valuable tool for health communication.
RETRACTED: Robust Analytical LUT-Based DPC for a Weak-Grid-Connected DFIG with Reduced Material
Authors: DJOUDI Abdelhak , BACHA Seddik , IMAN-EINI Hossein , RACEWICZ Szymon
Published: December 2024

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Selective Aerobic Oxidation of C−H Bond over C−C Bond by Single-Atom Catalysts
Authors: Qiao Botao , Li Tianbo , Zhang Qian , Guo Yalin , Qin Mingyang , Wang Hai , Min Xiang-Ting , Cui Yitao , Lu Shijian , Wang Liang , Li Lin , Zhang Tao
Published: December 2024

Aerobic oxidation of C − H bonds is a fundamental transformation in industry catalysis with broad applications. A primary challenge for C − H bond selective activation is that the desired products often exhibit greater reactivity than the starting hydrocarbons, complicating the achievement of both high conversion and selectivity. Here, we demonstrate that oxide-supported single-atom catalysts (SACs) are effective for the selective aerobic oxidation of C − H bonds with higher bond energy over C − C bond with lower bond energy, facilitating the formation of ketone products without generating any C − C breaking over-oxidation products. Comprehensive studies have revealed that SACs exhibit a unique inactivity for further oxidation of ketones due to their inability to activate the ketone via its enol form, effectively circumventing over-oxidation through C − C bond cleavage and disrupting the conventional activity-selectivity tradeoff. This finding is general and applies for a variety of SACs across variety hydrocarbon substrates, heralding a promising pathway for heterogeneous catalysis of selective C − H activation.
The impacts of red and blue font color on intertemporal choice
Authors: Zhang Kai , Geng Xiaowei
Published: December 2024

Background Intertemporal choices are the process by which people make choices about losses or gains at different points in time (near or far). To explore the relationship between font color and intertemporal choice and to examine the serial mediation of time perception and intradimensional difference comparison on the association between font color and intertemporal choice on the basis of attribute-based choice models.
Methods We randomly assigned subjects to the intertemporal choices questionnaire in a specific font color (blue vs. red) condition. The Intertemporal Choice Task, the Subjective Duration Judgment Task and the Intradimensional Difference Comparison Task were administered to a sample comprising 210 college students (103 males accounting for 49.05%). Multivariate analysis and latent variable analysis were used to explore the separate mediating roles of time perception and intradimensional difference comparison in the association between font color and intertemporal choice, and their serial mediation was also investigated. The bootstrap method was employed to test the significance of these mediating effects.
Results Compared with red font, blue font can encourage students to choose more-farsighted intertemporal choices (i.e., LL). Students who use the blue font are more likely to have shorter durations and can choose the more farsighted intertemporal choice (i.e., LL) than those who use the red font. Students using blue fonts are more likely to perceive the difference between the two options chosen across time (∆payoff A,B) to be greater than the difference between the two options in the payoff dimension (∆time A,B), leading to farsighted choices compared with those using red fonts. Serial mediation was also found.
Conclusion The findings revealed why font color influences intertemporal choice. This study revealed the mediating role that time perception and intradimensional difference comparison play in the association between font color and intertemporal choice.
Ginsenoside Rd protects against acute liver injury by regulating the autophagy-NLRP3 inflammasome pathway
Authors: Zhong Xiaomei , Sun Yibin , Lin Yanxiang , Deng Shan , Wang Huan , Zhou Xian , Lu Jinjian , Zheng Yanfang , Luo Ruoyin , Huang Mingqing , Song Jianyuan
Published: December 2024

Context: Ginsenoside Rd (Rd) is a bioactive compound predominantly found in Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer and Panax notoginseng (Burkill) F.H. Chen ex C.H. Chow, both species belonging to genus Panax in the Araliaceae family. However, its hepatic protective effect against acute liver injury and related mechanistic action remain unexplored.
Objective: To investigate the protective effect of Rd against thioacetamide (TAA)-induced acute liver injury and assess its underlying regulatory mechanisms related to autophagy and inflammation.
Materials and methods: Forty-eight C57BL/6 mice were treated with saline (control or model group), Rd (12.5 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg or 50 mg/kg), and diammonium glycyrrhizinate (DG, 30 mg/kg) for three days. Then the mice were stimulated with TAA to establish acute liver injury model, excluding the control group. HSC-T6 cells were treated with Rd at concentrations of 2.5, 5, or 10 μM, for 12 hours with or without LPS stimulation at 100 ng/mL. RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence staining and Western blot were employed to analyze the expressions of genes and proteins associated with inflammation and autophagy. To validate the role of Rd in regulating autophagy and inflammation, the autophagy inducers, rapamycin and GSK621, were utilised in reverse validation experiments in cells.
Results: Rd exhibited significant hepatic protective effects in mice with acute liver injury. It exhibited strong anti-inflammatory effect by reducing the gene and protein expressions of various pro-inflammatory modulators in liver tissue, and inhibited LPS-induced autophagy and inflammation in HSC-T6 cells.Rd suppressed autophagy in mice via the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway. The inhibitory effects of Rd on autophagy and inflammation in HSC-T6 cells were partially blocked by rapamycin and GSK621.
Discussion and Conclusion: Rd is a promising therapeutic agent to protect liver against TAA-induced acute liver injury.
Medical tele-diagnoses in countries with limited resources: Comparison of a general generative AI system with a clinical decision support system
Authors: Fritz Peter , Kleinhans Andreas , Sediqi Atiq , Raoufi Rokai , Haroon Firooz , Alaboud Khalid , Fritz-Kuisle Christine , Dalquen Peter , Jundt Gernot , Ott German , Stauch Gerhard , Alscher Dominik
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Achieving correct clinical or morphological diagnoses in countries with limited resources is a major challenge due to the lack of methods such as immunohistochemistry, molecular biology or imaging, as well as the lack of specialists. Artificial intelligence (AI), either in the form of generative intelligence or in the form of clinical decision support systems (CDSS), is a promising method for bridging the gap between diagnosis in developed countries and countries with limited resources. For this purpose, we used the general generative AI system ChatGPT and the specialised semantic net-based AI system Memem7 as medical diagnostic support systems to improve telemedicine diagnosis in a resource-limited country.
Materials and methods: 102 randomly selected cases from 3 hospitals in northern Afghanistan were classified by up to 7 telemedicine experts. In 61 cases (59.8%), the experts provided a disease classification (target diagnosis). In the remaining 41 cases, the experts only provided a list of differential diagnoses. We investigated how often ChatGPT and Memem7 were able to predict the target diagnosis or provide a list of essential differential diagnoses (DD).
Results: In 36/61 (59.0%) and 47/61 (77.1%) cases, respectively, ChatGPT and Memem7 recognised the target diagnosis. In 88/102 (86.3%) (ChatGPT) and 93/102 (91.2%) (Memem7) cases, a helpful list of differential diagnoses was provided.
Conclusions: Both AI-based systems show promising results, either in confirming the target diagnosis or in providing a helpful list of differential diagnoses.
Supplementation of high concentrate diets with non-starch polysaccharides enzymes prevents foamy rumen bloat in goats
Authors: Tan Zehao , Wang Lizhi , Wang Zhisheng , Xue Bai , Hu Rui , Peng Quanhui , Xiao Jianxin
Published: December 2024

Ruminants fed high concentrate diets (HCD) are highly susceptible to foamy rumen bloat, but up to now the cause of rumen foam formation is unknown, making it difficult to prevent effectively. Exp. 1 of this study investigated the relationship between saccharide content in rumen fluid and foaming performance, and explored the effect of supplementing non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) enzymes to rumen fluid on foaming performance. The rumen fluid of 16 HCD-fed goats was used as experimental material to correlate rumen fluid viscosity, foaming performance, and saccharide content. Subsequently, the rumen fluid from 4 goats with severe rumen bloat was collected as experimental material, divided into 5 equal portions and randomly assigned to 5 treatment groups, namely adding 0, 100, 300, 500, and 700 mg/kg NSP enzymes to the rumen fluid. The viscosity and foaming performance of the rumen fluid, as well as the saccharide content, were determined for each treatment group. The results showed that polysaccharide was significantly and positively correlated with viscosity and foaming performance (P < 0.05). The supplementation of NSP enzymes notably decreased the polysaccharides content in rumen fluid and foaming performance (P < 0.05), with the best effect achieved by supplementing 500mg/kg NSP enzymes. Exp. 2 further investigated the feasibility of supplementing NSP enzymes to HCD to prevent rumen bloat in goats. Twelve goats with rumen fistula were selected as experimental animals and were randomly assigned to 2 dietary treatment groups with 6 goats in each group, including CON (basal HCD) and E (basal HCD + 500 mg/kg NSP enzymes). The rumen contents and rumen fluid were collected daily during the sampling period to determine rumen fermentation indexes, foaming performance and microbial structure and composition; feed and feces were collected for nutrient digestibility determination. Supplementation of NSP enzymes in HCD significantly reduced foaming performance in goat rumen fluid (P < 0.05), the effects on nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, and microbial composition were not significant (P > 0.05). In summary, polysaccharide is an important factor affecting the foaming performance of rumen fluid, and supplementation of NSP enzymes in HCD can prevent the occurrence of rumen bloat.
The Concomitant Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Epilepsy Caused by Low-Grade Brain Tumors
Authors: Xie Sungel , Qiao Jiao , Luan Guoming , Xie Mingxiang , Xiao Shunwu
Published: December 2024

Purpose: The aim of the study was to evaluate the concomitant psychiatric disorders of anxiety and depression in patients with epilepsy caused by low-grade brain tumors (LBTs).
Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of patients who underwent preoperative neuropsychological evaluations of anxiety and depression and subsequent epilepsy surgery for LBTs. The univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to analyze the risk factors of the occurrence of anxiety and depression.
Results: Of the 107 patients included in the study, 42 patients (39.3%) were female and 28 patients (26.2%) were children. The median age at surgery was 22 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 17-27 years old), the median age of seizure onset was 12 years (IQR: 6-18 years old), and the median duration of epilepsy was 84 months (IQR: 42-180 months). In total, 21 patients (19.6%) had presence of anxiety, and 26 patients (24.3%) had presence of depression. In univariate analysis, discordant (vs. concordant) interictal electroencephalogram (EEG) findings were related to presence of anxiety (P = 0.017). Discordant (vs. concordant) ictal EEG findings (P = 0.023), larger zone of epileptic discharges that was represented by surgical resection extent (P = 0.021), temporal (vs. non-temporal) location of tumor (P = 0.009) and lower full-scale intelligence quotient (P = 0.017) were associated with presence of depression. In multivariate analysis, discordant ictal EEG findings (P = 0.015, odds ratio [OR] = 4.44) and temporal location of tumor (P = 0.015, OR = 13.52) had relevance to presence of depression.
Conclusion: Psychiatric disorders of anxiety and/or depression could frequently occur in patients with epilepsy caused by LBTs, especially in patients with discordant or wider epileptic discharges and temporal invasion of tumors.
Adaptive Alcohols-Alcohols Cross-Coupling via TFA Catalysis: Access of Unsymmetrical Ethers
Authors: Liu Chengxiu , Liang Jiaxin , Liang Yuqiu , Ouyang Lu , Li Youchun
Published: December 2024

Ethers are high value organic compounds widely applied in chemical industry, natural products, material, pharmaceuticals, argochemicals, as well as modern organic synthesis. Herein, we report an adaptive TFA-catalyzed cross-coupling of alcohols with various oxygen nucleophiles (nitro-, halogen-, sulfur-, nitrogen-, aryl-, and alkynyl-substituted aliphatic alcohols), delivering diverse unsymmetrical ethers under mild conditions and simple operation. This protocol features a broad range of substrate scope and high catalytic efficiency (52 examples, up to 99% yield). The decagram scale performance and one-step synthesis of drug molecules evidenced the potential industrial production and practicability of this protocol.
Technological scopes of companies in automotive semiconductor technology: Focusing on CPC codes in patents
Authors: Chin Kyounghwan , Lee Heesang
Published: December 2024

This study expanded the research beyond the automotive industry to five industries, including the general IT industry and automotive semiconductor industry subsectors, and analyzed the development status of automotive semiconductor technology. This study considered 418,853 patents from 45 leading companies in five industry subsectors over 11 years (2010–2020). This period marked the advent of autonomous and electric vehicles (EVs). First, the patents held by the companies and the cooperative patent classification (CPC) codes contained in the patents were extracted to conduct a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the technologies. The general IT and integrated device manufacturer (IDM) industries have shown the highest number of patents and growth, with Samsung and Rivian leading in patents and patent growth, respectively, among the companies analyzed. Next, CPCs were classified into technology groups (TG), allowing the considered company's technological directions to be identified. The results demonstrated that five groups of companies are engaged in developing sensor and communication technologies belonging to TG04 and TG05. Furthermore, the number of CPCs per patent (CP Value), which was employed to assess new entrants’ capability beyond just patent count analysis, facilitated identifying and comparing new entrants with high potential, such as Mobileye. This study offers insights on a company’s patent applications and decisions in technological fields for future research and development.
Genome-wide meta-analyses of non-response to antidepressants identify novel loci and potential drugs
Authors: Koch Elise , Jürgenson Tuuli , Einarsson Guðmundur , Mitchell Brittany , Harder Arvid , García-Marín Luis M. , Krebs Kristi , Lin Yuhao , Shadrin Alexey , Xiong Ying , Frei Oleksandr , Lu Yi , Hägg Sara , Renteria Miguel , Medland Sarah , Wray Naomi , Martin Nicholas , Hübel Christopher , Breen Gerome , Thorgeirsson Thorgeir , Stefansson Hreinn , Stefansson Kari , Lehto Kelli , Milani Lili , Andreassen Ole , O`Connell Kevin
Published: December 2024

Antidepressants exhibit a considerable variation in efficacy, and increasing evidence suggests that individual genetics contribute to antidepressant treatment response. Here, we combined data on antidepressant non-response measured using rating scales for depressive symptoms, questionnaires of treatment effect, and data from electronic health records, to increase statistical power to detect genomic loci associated with non-response to antidepressants in a total sample of 135,471 individuals prescribed antidepressants (25,255 non-responders and 110,216 responders). We performed genome-wide association meta-analyses, genetic correlation analyses, leave-one-out polygenic prediction, and bioinformatics analyses for genetically informed drug prioritization. We identified two novel loci (rs1106260 and rs60847828) associated with non-response to antidepressants and showed significant polygenic prediction in independent samples. Genetic correlation analyses show positive associations between non-response to antidepressants and most psychiatric traits, and negative associations with cognitive traits and subjective well-being. In addition, we investigated drugs that target proteins likely involved in mechanisms underlying antidepressant non-response, and shortlisted drugs that warrant further replication and validation of their potential to reduce depressive symptoms in individuals who do not respond to first-line antidepressant medications. These results suggest that meta-analyses of GWAS utilizing real-world measures of treatment outcomes can increase sample sizes to improve the discovery of variants associated with non-response to antidepressants.
ENSO as an Emergent Constraint on the Pattern Effect
Authors: Hanke Tyler , Proistosescu Cristian
Published: December 2024

As the spatial pattern of warming in sea surface temperatures evolves, it leads to changes in Earth's net radiative feedback and effective climate sensitivity. The magnitude of the change in feedback attributable to changes in regional temperature patterns is known as the “pattern effect”. This pattern effect has been mostly attributed to variability in low cloud radiative effect (CRE), and exhibits significant variance in models while being poorly constrained from observations. Here we use ENSO as an emergent constraint on the pattern effect. We find strong linear relationships between modeled ENSO feedbacks and their respective pattern effects, especially for net CRE. Observed ENSO feedbacks lie within the middle of the model ensemble and suggest a pattern effect magnitude of 1.00 +/- 0.35 W/m^2/K when calculated relative to preindustrial conditions. Model-simulated pattern effects also exhibit similar spatial distributions as the pattern diversity of ENSO, hinting at similar physics governing the two phenomena.
China’s agricultural non-point source pollution control: Policy logic, spatiotemporal characteristics and trend prediction
Authors: zou lilin , liang yifan , yang yuanyuan
Published: December 2024

Agricultural non-point source pollution (ANPSP) control is essential for advancing sustainable, low-carbon agricultural development and accelerating the establishment of a robust agricultural economy. However, existing research has paid limited attention to the policy rationale underlying ANPSP mitigation efforts, with insufficient exploration of the spatiotemporal characteristics of various agricultural pollutants across provinces nationwide and their projected future trends. This paper comprehensively analyzed aforesaid aspects through theoretical deductions, quantitative assessments, and predictive trend modeling. The research findings revealed that the policy formulation logic behind China’s ANPSP control followed a framework of “legislating first, adjusting next, and implementing subsequently.” Across different stages, the implementation logic manifested distinct operational modes and determining factors, while deviations arose from inducements within political incentives, promotion-based incentives, and fiscal incentives. From 1978 to 2022, pollution loads of chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus in China agricultural production sector increased overall, though their emission intensity gradually decreased; livestock production and fertilizer application persisted as the primary sources of ANPSP. The ANPSP status across regions in China demonstrated considerable stability, with significant spatial spillover effects wherein the pollution status of adjacent units influenced the state of adjacent units, though the direction and degree of these effects vary. Projections indicate distinct evolutionary trends for various agricultural pollutants. Consequently, direct policy recommendations include establishing a comprehensive ANPSP control policy framework, advancing regionally differentiated pollution control strategies, enhancing dynamic monitoring of ANPSP, and implementing coordinated control measures across regions.
Integrative Omics reveals genetic basis and TaMYB7-A1’s function in wheat WUE and drought resilience
Authors: Xiao Jun , Zhou Yuxin , Wang Hao , Qiao Yunzhou , Zhao Peng , Cao Yuan , Liu Xuemei , Yang Yiman , Lin Xuelei , Xu Shengbao , Dong Baodi , Wang Dongzhi
Published: December 2024

Improving water use efficiency (WUE) and drought resistance in wheat is critical for ensuring global food security under changing climate conditions. Here, we integrated multi-omic data, including population-scale phenotyping, transcriptomics, and genomics, to dissect the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying WUE and drought resilience in wheat. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) revealed 8,135 SNPs associated with WUE-related traits, identifying 258 conditional and non-conditional QTLs, many of which co-localized with known drought-resistance genes. Pan-transcriptome analysis uncovered tissue-specific expression patterns, core and unique gene functions, and dynamic sub-genomic biases in response to drought. eQTL mapping pinpointed 146,966 regulatory loci, including condition-specific hotspots enriched for genes involved in water regulation, osmoregulation, and photosynthesis. Integration of Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), Summary-data-based Mendelian Randomization (SMR) and GWAS, eQTLs identified 207 candidate causal genes as key regulators for WUE-related traits in wheat, such as TaMYB7-A1. Functional analyses found that TaMYB7-A1 enhances drought tolerance by promoting root growth, reducing oxidative stress, and improving osmotic regulation, enabling better water access and survival under stress. It also increases photosynthesis efficiency and WUE, boosting yield under drought without compromising performance in well-watered conditions, making it ideal target for breeding. Our findings provide a comprehensive omic framework for understanding the genetic architecture of WUE and drought resistance, offering valuable targets for breeding resilient wheat varieties.
Baicalin inhibits infectious bronchitis virus via Mitochondrial Antiviral Signaling protein-mediated signaling
Authors: He Jiongjie , Guo Huilin , Wang Ling , Wang Shengyi
Published: December 2024

The inhibitory effect of baicalin on IBV replication is closely related to expression of the mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS). However, the exact mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear. In this study, we revealed the essential role of MAVS in mediating inhibition of IBV replication by baicalin in chicken embryonic kidney (CEK) cells. The results showed that baicalin significantly upregulated the expression of MAVS in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, baicalin could maintain mitochondrial function through MAVS. Further investigation revealed that baicalin increased the expression of mitofusin-1 (Mfn1), anti-apoptotic mitochondrial import receptor subunit TOM70 (TOM70), voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1), autophagy-related 5 (Atg5) and autophagy-related 12 (Atg12). Overexpression of Mfn1, VDAC1, TOM70, Atg5 and Atg12 enhanced baicalin-mediated interferon-β (IFN-β) expression, and downregulation of these proteins attenuated baicalin-mediated IFN-β expression. In MAVS-knockout cells, the overexpression of Mfn1, mitofusin-2 (Mfn2), VDAC1, TNFR1-associated death domain protein, Fas-associated death domain protein, Atg5 and Atg12 did not affect baicalin-mediated IFN-β expression. These findings indicate that baicalin promotes mitochondrial fusion, increases mitochondrial permeability and cellular energy metabolism, and accelerates autophagy. Baicalin could upregulate the expression of IFN-β via Mfn1, VDAC1, TOM70, Atg5 and Atg12, with this upregulation dependent on the expression of MAVS.
Risk prediction model for acute stroke in elderly population in cold regions based on machine learning
Authors: Li Jing , Mou Shasha , Du Jieyu , Song Miaomiao , Miao Shidi , Cheng Ke
Published: December 2024

Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) profoundly affects the health and quality of life of elderly individuals, with stroke being its most prevalent manifestation, characterized by high incidence, disability, and mortality rates. In Northeast China, harsh winter conditions further exacerbate the risk of stroke. This study leverages machine learning (ML) to develop a predictive model for assessing acute stroke risk among the elderly in cold regions, aiming to enable early identification of high-risk individuals.Significant risk factors for acute stroke onset were identified through univariate and multivariate logistic regression (LR) analyses. Input variables were selected based on expert clinical recommendations and a comprehensive literature review. Three machine learning algorithms—LR, extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), and random forest (RF)—were compared for their clinical prediction performance, with the best-performing algorithm used to construct the risk prediction model. A line chart was employed to visualize the probability of acute stroke in this population.The findings highlight diabetes history, coronary heart disease(CHD), systolic blood pressure(SBP), neutrophil count(NEUT#), total bile acid (TBA), fasting blood glucose (FBG), and homocysteine(Hcy) as independent risk factors for acute stroke in elderly individuals in cold regions. In contrast, prealbumin(PA), albumin (ALB), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) emerged as potential protective factors. The LR-based model developed in this study demonstrated robust performance in predicting acute stroke risk, providing accurate and individualized risk assessments for the target population.
Ice cores from the Allan Hills, Antarctica show relatively stable atmospheric CO2 and CH4 levels over the last 3 million years
Authors: Peterson Julia Marks , Shackleton Sarah , Higgins John , Severinghaus Jeffrey , Yan Yuzhen , Buizert Christo , Kalk Michael , Beaudette Ross , Hishamunda Valens , Carter Austin , Kurbatov Andrei , Epifanio Jenna , Morgan Jacob , Bender Mike , Brook Ed
Published: December 2024

The role greenhouse gases play in the evolution of Earth's climate over the last 3 million years is uncertain beyond the continuous ice core record (800,000 years). Here, we present new snapshots of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) between 3.1 and 0.4 million years ago (Ma) from shallow ice cores drilled in the Allan Hills Blue Ice Area (BIA). In the oldest ice (>1 Ma), mixing and thinning have attenuated the glacial-interglacial variability, and we reconstruct long-term averages. The data indicate that CO2 and CH4 levels in the early Pleistocene are within the range of variability observed for the last 0.8 Ma. Across the Pleistocene, no significant change in mean CH4 is observed but we find a small, 25 ppm decline in CO2 from 2.9 to 1.2 Ma followed by stable mean CO2 across the mid-Pleistocene Transition. In late Pliocene samples (ranging from 2.8-3.1 Ma), trapped air is impacted by the addition of CO2 from respired organic matter. Corrections using the stable carbon isotopes of CO2 indicate that atmospheric CO2 in these late Pliocene samples is within the range measured in the early Pleistocene (<300 ppm). Observed changes in greenhouse gases are small relative to both local and global cooling observed in the same ice cores (Shackleton et al., 2024a, b) and independent records from marine sediments, suggesting that other components of Earth’s climate system contributed to global cooling over the last 3 million years.