bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adducts of acylphloroglucinols with explicit water molecules: Similarities and differences across a sufficiently representative number of structures
Authors: Mammino Liliana , Kabanda Mwadham M.
Published: June 2010

Acylphloroglucinols constitute a broad class of compounds, derivatives of 1,3,5‐trihydroxybenzene, characterized by at least one COR group and exhibiting a variety of biological activities. The presence of several hydrogen bond donor or acceptor sites (the three phenol OH of the phloroglucinol moiety and the sp2 O of the COR group), and their comparatively close spacing, makes the study of adducts with explicit water molecules particularly interesting, because it is possible to consider adducts in which water molecules surround the entire acylphloroglucinol molecule, or a large part of it, providing expectedly realistic images of possible arrangements of water molecules in the close vicinity of the acylphloroglucinol molecule in the aqueous medium. This work considers a number of different monomeric structures sufficiently representative of the broad structural variety of acylphloroglucinols and considers adducts of all the relevant conformers for each structure. Calculations use the HF/6‐31G(d,p) level because of affordability reasons in view of the adducts' size. The results: show that the intramolecular hydrogen bond (IHB) between the sp2 O of COR and an ortho OH does not break on competition with solute–solvent intermolecular H‐bonding; highlight general trends and trends related to specific geometry features of the conformers; enable an interpretation of the additional solvent stabilization of the conformers without IHBs, observed from polarizable continuum model results in water solution; and highlight the significance, for this class of compounds, of considering adducts in whichthe water molecules directly H‐bonded to the central molecule are bridged by other water molecules, to approximate a continuous layer. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem 110:2378–2390, 2010
Hydrogen storage inside a toroidal carbon nanostructure C120: Density functional theory computer simulation
Authors: Cruz‐Torres A. , Castillo‐Alvarado F. DE L. , Ortíz‐López J. , Arellano J. S.
Published: June 2010

Ab initio density functional calculations were performed for a toroidal carbon C120 nanostructure. Hydrogen molecules, n = 1–15, were added inside the nanotorus and for each one of these systems a geometry optimization was obtained. The cohesive energy shows that these structures are energetically stable. For example, the binding energies are −34.95 and −36.19 Hartrees and the interatomic distances HH are 0.753 and 0.772 Å for 1 and 14 molecules, respectively. Considering only molecular hydrogen, we have always seen so far weak physisorption into the C120 nanotorus. There is no chemisorption until the number oh hydrogen molecules are increased to 14. In this case, four hydrogen atoms are chemisorbed. With 15 molecules, there are 10 hydrogen atoms chemisorbed just at the inner nanotorus surface forming 10 HC bondings with bond length close to that in methane. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem 110:2495–2508, 2010
Modeling formation of molecules in the interstellar medium by radical reactions with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Authors: Bentarcurt Yenner , Ruette Fernando , Sánchez Morella
Published: June 2010

Adsorptions of CH°2, CH°3, NH°2, and OH° radicals and molecule formation on a partially hydrogenated surface of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) (C24H27+) were modeled. It was found that radical adsorptions are feasible with important modifications of surface bond strengths and bond distances. Adsorbed hydrogen may diffuse due to adsorbate‐surface interactions. Formations of CH4, NH3, H2O, CH3NH2, and CH3OH were studied by Eley‐Rideal (ER) and Langmuir‐Hishelwood (LH) mechanisms. Potential energetic surfaces were performed for both mechanisms and the ER presents lower reaction energy barriers than the LH one, in all cases. Parametric quantum program (CATIVIC) was employed and comparisons with DFT results were performed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem 110:2560–2572, 2010
DFT study of polymorphism of the DNA double helix at the level of dinucleoside monophosphates
Authors: Poltev Valeri I. , Anisimov Victor M. , Danilov Victor I. , van Mourik Tanja , Deriabina Alexandra , González Eduardo , Padua Maria , Garcia Dolores , Rivas Francisco , Polteva Nina
Published: June 2010

We apply DFT calculations to deoxydinucleoside monophosphates (dDMPs) which represent minimal fragments of the DNA chain to study the molecular basis of stability of the DNA duplex, the origin of its polymorphism and conformational heterogeneity. In this work, we continue our previous studies of dDMPs where we detected internal energy minima corresponding to the “classical” B conformation (BI‐form), which is the dominant form in the crystals of oligonucleotide duplexes. We obtained BI local energy minima for all existing base sequences of dDMPs. In the present study, we extend our analysis to other families of DNA conformations, successfully identifying A, BI, and BII energy minima for all dDMP sequences. These conformations demonstrate distinct differences in sugar ring puckering, but similar sequence‐dependent base arrangements. Internal energies of BI and BII conformers are close to each other for nearly all the base sequences. The dGpdG, dTpdG, and dCpdA dDMPs slightly favor the BII conformation, which agrees with these sequences being more frequently experimentally encountered in the BII form. We have found BII‐like structures of dDMPs for the base sequences both existing in crystals in BII conformation and those not yet encountered in crystals till now. On the other hand, we failed to obtain dDMP energy minima corresponding to the Z family of DNA conformations, thus giving us the ground to conclude that these conformations are stabilized in both crystals and solutions by external factors, presumably by interactions with various components of the media. Overall the accumulated computational data demonstrate that the A, BI, and BII families of DNA conformations originate from the corresponding local energy minimum conformations of dDMPs, thus determining structural stability of a single DNA strand during the processes of unwinding and rewinding of DNA. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem 110:2548–2559, 2010
A system dynamics approach to jurisdictional conflict between a major and a minor healthcare profession
Authors: McGregor Marion
Published: June 2010

The purpose of this research was to evaluate strategies that a minor profession might successfully undertake to gain market share held by a dominant player when a jurisdiction is contested. A case study approach positing Medicine as the dominant (major) profession and chiropractic as the competitor (minor profession) was used in combination with System Dynamics modelling. Informed by theory of inter‐professional competition, two strategies were hypothesized to aid a minor profession in gaining or securing market share. The first was an increase in abstract knowledge and the second was an increase in professional association membership. In addition, it was hypothesized that an increase in supply of the dominant profession would adversely affect the minor profession's bid for jurisdictional control, as would pressure on the major profession from external sources such as health management. It was concluded that for the relationships explored, simulation results favoured Medicine's monopoly power. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Orthogonal series density estimation
Authors: Efromovich Sam
Published: June 2010

Orthogonal series density estimation is a powerful nonparametric estimation methodology that allows one to analyze and present data at hand without any prior opinion about shape of an underlying density. The idea of construction of an adaptive orthogonal series density estimator is explained on the classical example of a direct sample from a univariate density. Data‐driven estimators, which have been used for years, as well as recently proposed procedures, are reviewed. Orthogonal series estimation is also known for its sharp minimax properties which are explained. Furthermore, applications of the orthogonal series methodology to more complicated settings, including censored and biased data as well as estimation of the density of regression errors and the conditional density, are also presented. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

This article is categorized under:

Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Density Estimation
Prognostic Value of Body Mass Index on Short‐Term and Long‐Term Outcome after Resection of Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Grotenhuis B. A. , Wijnhoven B. P. L. , Hötte G. J. , van der Stok E. P. , Tilanus H. W. , van Lanschot J. J. B.
Published: July 2010

Introduction

Cachexia and obesity have been suggested to be risk factors for postoperative complications. However, high body mass index (BMI) might result in a higher R0‐resection rate because of the presence of more fatty tissue surrounding the tumor. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether BMI is of prognostic value with regard to short‐term and long‐term outcome in patients who undergo esophagectomy for cancer.

Methods

In 556 patients who underwent esophagectomy (1991–2007), clinical and pathological outcome were compared between different BMI classes (underweight, normal weight, overweight, obesity).

Results

Overall morbidity, mortality, and reoperation rate did not differ in underweight and obese patients. However, severe complications seemed to occur more often in obese patients (p = 0.06), and the risk for anastomotic leakage increased with higher BMI (12.5% in underweight patients compared with 27.6% in obese patients, p = 0.04). Histopathological assessment showed comparable pTNM stages, although an advanced pT stage was seen more often in patients with low/normal BMI (p = 0.02). A linear association between BMI and R0‐resection rate was detected (p = 0.02): 60% in underweight patients compared with 81% in obese patients. However, unlike pT‐stage (p < 0.001), BMI was not an independent predictor for R0 resection (p = 0.12). There was no significant difference in overall or disease‐free 5‐year survival between the BMI classes (p = 0.25 and p = 0.6, respectively).

Conclusions

BMI is not of prognostic value with regard to short‐term and long‐term outcome in patients who undergo esophagectomy for cancer and is not an independent predictor for radical R0 resection. Patients oncologically eligible for esophagectomy should not be denied surgery on the basis of their BMI class.
Video‐Assisted Bilateral Neck Exploration in Patients with Primary Hyperparathyroidism and Failed Localization Studies
Authors: Alesina Pier F. , Singaporewalla Reyaz M. , Walz Martin K.
Published: July 2010

Background

In primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) positive preoperative localization studies are accepted as a precondition for applying minimally invasive surgical techniques. Without localization, open bilateral neck exploration (BNE) is considered the standard option. Thepresent study analyzes the feasibility and effectiveness of minimally invasive video‐assisted BNE in patients with pHPT and negative or discordant localization studies.

Methods

From a prospective series of 380 minimally invasive video‐assisted parathyroidectomies (MIVAP) performed in 367 patients for pHPT (1999–2009), 68 patients (10 male, 58 female; mean age: 58 years) were selected. These patients had failed localization studies and underwent BNE with the MIVAP technique. Operative time, complications, conversions to open technique, and cure rate were determined.

Results

Mean operative time was 52 ± 26 min (range: 20–180 min). MIVAP with BNE was successfully completed in 66 (97%) patients with two conversions to open technique. Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy occurred in one patient. Biochemical cure was achieved in 67 patients (98.5%), in 65 patients (95.5%) after the first operation and in two more patients by video‐assisted re‐exploration on the first postoperative day. One patient remained with persistent disease even after repeated open BNE.

Conclusions

In experienced hands, video‐assisted BNE with the MIVAP technique, for pHPT and failed localization studies, is feasible, safe, and gives results equivalent to the conventional open technique.
Regenerative medicine for insulin deficiency: creation of pancreatic islets and bioartificial pancreas
Authors: Sumi Shoichiro
Published: June 2010

Recent advances in pancreas organogenesis have greatly improved the understanding of cell lineage from inner cell mass to fully differentiated β‐cells. Based upon such knowledge, insulin‐producing cells similar to β‐cells to a certain extent have been generated from various cell sources including embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, although fully differentiated cells comparable to β‐cells are not yet available. The bioartificial pancreas is a therapeutic approach to enable allo‐ and xenotransplantation of islets without immune suppression. Among several types of bioartificial pancreases (BAPs), micro‐encapsulated porcine islets are already in use in clinical trials and may, perhaps, replace islet transplantation in the near future. Some types of bioartificial pancreas such as macro‐encapsulation are also useful for keeping transplanted cells enclosed in case retrieval is necessary. Therefore, early clinical applications of artificially generated β‐like cells, especially those from ESCs or iPS cells, will be considered in combination with retrievable BAPs.
Deformity and functional outcome after treatment for supracondylar humerus fractures in children: A 5- to 10-year follow-up of 139 supracondylar humerus fractures treated by plaster cast, skeletal traction or crossed wire fixation
Authors: Young Sven , Fevang Jonas M. , Gullaksen Gunnar , Nilsen Per T. , Engesæter Lars B.
Published: June 2010

Purpose

At Haukeland University Hospital (HUH), we used overhead skeletal traction for displaced supracondylar humerus fractures (SCHF) in children until closed reduction and crossed wire fixation was introduced in the early 1990s. Though there are obvious and well-documented benefits of wire fixation, the aim of this study was to document and compare the results and complication rates for both methods.

Patients and methods

One hundred and thirty-nine patients treated for SCHF between 1988 and 1998 were available for follow-up. Of these, 40 children were treated with a plaster cast, 46 with overhead skeletal traction and 45 with crossed wire fixation. Eight children were treated with open reduction and crossed wires. The mean time to follow-up was 7.1 years [standard deviation (SD) 3.2].

Results

The length of hospital stay was 2 days for those treated with crossed wire fixation compared to 11 days for traction ( P < 0.001). The rate of nerve injury in Gartland type 3 fractures was 19%. There was no significant difference in the number of complications or in the functional outcome after skeletal traction or wire fixation, but there were more reoperations in the traction group ( P = 0.04). Patients treated solely with a plaster cast had a mean of 4° increased extension of the affected elbow compared to 1° in the crossed pin fixation group ( P = 0.02). Though this has little clinical relevance, it does indicate improved reduction in the operated patients, as one would expect.

Conclusions

The introduction of crossed wire fixation has significantly reduced the number of days for which patients are hospitalised for SCHF. The rate of nerve injuries in Gartland type 3 fractures is high. Despite the fact that this study includes the first patients to be treated with crossed wire fixation at our institution, no significant increase in the risk of complications could be found compared to skeletal traction.
Decreased sensitivity of lung ultrasound limited to the anterior chest in emergency department diagnosis of cardiogenic pulmonary edema: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Volpicelli Giovanni , Noble Vicki E. , Liteplo Andrew , Cardinale Luciano
Published: July 2010

Purposes

B-lines are vertical echogenic artifacts seen on lung ultrasound that allow bedside diagnosis of pulmonary edema. The BLUE protocol, published by Lichtenstein and Mezière, suggests that cardiogenic pulmonary edema is sufficiently ruled out in the ICU setting when B-lines are not predominant in the anterior chest (the B-profile). Our analysis sought to evaluate the sensitivity of the B-profile for ruling out pulmonary edema in the ED patient population.

Methods

The ultrasound lung scans of patients with confirmed official diagnoses of acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) from two ED databases were retrospectively analyzed. 170 acutely dyspneic patients had complete studies (130 from one database and 40 from the other). The scans were reviewed using the B-profile definition for ruling out pulmonary edema and comparing that to an alternate scanning protocol that includes ultrasound evaluation of the lateral and anterior chest.

Results

Of the 170 ED patients with ADHF diagnoses, the B-profile missed 16.5% (n = 28) for a sensitivity of 83.5% (95% CI 77–89%). These 28 patients did not show anterior bilateral B-lines that fit the criteria for positive under the BLUE protocol. Moreover, 25% (7/28) of these missed patients had only lateral B-lines on their lung scans and B-lines would have been detected only by including scans of the lateral zones.

Conclusions

Limiting the sonographic lung examination to the anterior chest areas only will miss cases of ADHF in the dyspneic ED patients. The BLUE protocol (B-profile) may need to be modified to include examination of the lateral chest as necessary for ED patients with ADHF.
Multiple endocrine diseases in cats: 15 cases (1997–2008)
Authors: Blois Shauna L. , Dickie Erica L. , Kruth Stephen A. , Allen Dana G.
Published: July 2010

The objective of this retrospective study was to characterize a population of cats from a tertiary care center diagnosed with multiple endocrine disorders, including the specific disorders and time intervals between diagnosis of each disorder. Medical records of 15 cats diagnosed with more than one endocrine disorder were reviewed. The majority of cats were domestic shorthairs, and the mean age at the time of diagnosis of the first disorder was 10.3 years. The most common combination of disorders was diabetes mellitus and hyperthyroidism. Two cats had concurrent diabetes mellitus and hyperadrenocorticism, one cat had concurrent central diabetes insipidus and diabetes mellitus. A mean of 25.7 months elapsed between diagnoses of the first and second endocrine disorder, but this was variable. This study suggests the occurrence of multiple endocrine disorders is uncommon in cats.
Mechanics of Swimming and Flying
Authors: Childress Stephen
Published: July 2010

This book provides a clear and concise summary of the fluid dynamics of the locomotion of living organisms. The biological phenomena described in detail range from the swimming of bacteria and fish to the flying of insects and birds. The breadth of treatment requires the study of two basic fluid-dynamical regimes. In the first case, that of small organisms, the viscosity of the fluid is paramount in deciding the most effective swimming strategy. However, for larger insects, birds, and most fish, the viscosity of the air or water may be treated as if it were zero, and resulting mechanisms of propulsion are very different. Both these types are studied, with emphasis on the unsteady character of natural movements. Written for the advanced student, this volume assumes familiarity with basic fluid mechanics, although some elementary topics are included. It will be readily accessible to students of applied mathematics and biologists who have engineering or physics backgrounds.
Microalbuminuria
Authors: Winocour Peter H. , Marshall Sally M.
Published: July 2010

Microalbuminuria, the abnormal urinary excretion of albumin, is recognised as an important independent marker of both renal and cardiovascular disease, particularly in diabetes mellitus. This volume is the only comprehensive and up-to-date review of the relevance of microalbuminuria to health and disease. It covers the pathophysiology and epidemiology of microalbuminuria, the methodology of laboratory assessment and a discussion of the non-specific nature of microalbuminuria in less well-recognised clinical situations. This is the first book to deal in detail with the treatment of microalbuminuria in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. It will provide an essential source of reference and a guide to clinical practice for diabetologists, endocrinologists, cardiologists, renal physicians and clinical biochemists.
Changing Classes
Authors: Packer Martin
Published: July 2010

How do schools help to create the kind of person a child becomes? Changing Classes tells the story of a small, poor, ethnically-mixed school district in Michigan's rust-belt, a community in turmoil over the announced closing of a nearby auto assembly plant. As teachers and administrators found ways to make schooling more relevant to working-class children, two large-scale school reform initiatives swept into town: the Governor's 'market-place' reforms and the National Science Foundation's 'state systemic initiative'. All this is set against the backdrop of the transformation to a global, post-Fordist economy. The result is an account of the complex linkages at work as society structures the development of children to adulthood.
Critical International Relations Theory after 25 Years
Authors: Rengger Nicholas John , Thirkell-White Tristram Benedict
Published: July 2010

It is now 30 years since the publication of seminal articles by Robert Cox and Richard Ashley, which introduced the project of critical theory to the international relations discipline. This 2007 book brings together a team of world-class scholars to assess the impact of critical scholarship on the discipline over this period and point to future directions for the critical project. The book is an authoritative overview of the current position of critical international relations theory. It is an essential resource for those working in critical international relations theory and for undergraduate and graduate courses on Internal Relations theory.
Trade Warriors
Authors: Busch Marc L.
Published: July 2010

Commercial rivalries in high technology are among the most heated in today's global economy. From robotics to aerospace, states are subsidizing their national champions and competing for market share in the 'industries of tomorrow'. This book explains why states intervene and (or) retaliate in some high technology industries, but not in others, and how these commercial rivalries are likely to unfold. Dr Busch argues that states subsidize national champions in industries promising externalities for domestic industries, spend more on subsidies where these benefits do not escape national borders, and are more likely to bring these commercial rivalries back from the brink of a trade war where these subsidies leave both states worse off. This book is among the first to argue specifically about externalities and to evaluate how they have, or have not, shaped decisions for strategic trade in several of the most important commercial rivalries in high technology. Drawing on new and previously unreported documentation from governments, firms, industry associations and expert observers in Europe, Japan, and the US, Dr Busch sheds new light on the high technology industries of the civil aircraft, semiconductors, high-definition television, robotics and superconductors.
Mathematical Foundations and Biomechanics of the Digestive System
Authors: Miftahof Roustem N. , Nam Hong Gil
Published: July 2010

Mathematical modelling of physiological systems promises to advance our understanding of complex biological phenomena and pathophysiology of diseases. In this book, the authors adopt a mathematical approach to characterize and explain the functioning of the gastrointestinal system. Using the mathematical foundations of thin shell theory, the authors patiently and comprehensively guide the reader through the fundamental theoretical concepts, via step-by-step derivations and mathematical exercises, from basic theory to complex physiological models. Applications to nonlinear problems related to the biomechanics of abdominal viscera and the theoretical limitations are discussed. Special attention is given to questions of complex geometry of organs, effects of boundary conditions on pellet propulsion, as well as to clinical conditions, e.g. functional dyspepsia, intestinal dysrhythmias and the effect of drugs to treat motility disorders. With end of chapter problems, this book is ideal for bioengineers and applied mathematicians.
The Definition of a Peripheral Economy: Turkey 1923–1929
Authors: Keyder Caglar
Published: July 2010

The period of Turkish history from the foundation of the Republic in 1923 to the depression in 1929 was characterised by a minimum of state intervention in the economy. This book, which illuminates the ways in which the forces of world capitalism acted upon and structured the peripheral formation of the Turkish economy in this period, provides a clear case study in the relationship of dependent economies to the capitalist world-system. Professor Keyder emphasises the importance, as mechanisms in the maintenance of existing economic relations, of two networks: that of trade, connecting producers with external markets; and that of credit, through which a dependency between foreign suppliers of funds and local users was established. This important contribution to the theoretical analysis of economic dependency will interest historians, economists and sociologists studying both historical and contemporary forms of economic peripheralisation.
Making the Political
Authors: Jenco Leigh K.
Published: July 2010

Democratic political theory often sees collective action as the basis for non-coercive social change, assuming that its terms and practices are always self-evident and accessible. But what if we find ourselves in situations where collective action is not immediately available, or even widely intelligible? This book examines one of the most intellectually substantive and influential Chinese thinkers of the early twentieth century, Zhang Shizhao (1881–1973), who insisted that it is individuals who must 'make the political' before social movements or self-aware political communities have materialized. Zhang draws from British liberalism, democratic theory, and late-Imperial Confucianism to formulate new roles for effective individual action on personal, social, and institutional registers. In the process, he offers a vision of community that turns not on spontaneous consent or convergence on a shared goal, but on ongoing acts of exemplariness that inaugurate new, unpredictable contexts for effective personal action.
New Frontiers in Economics
Authors: Samuelson Paul A.
Published: July 2010

Leading economists analyze the new directions that subdisciplines of economics have taken in the face of modern economic challenges. These essays represent invention and discovery in the areas of information, macroeconomics and public policies, international trade and development, finance, business, contracts, law, gaming, and government, as these areas of study evolve through the different phases of the scientific process. They offer a wealth of factual information on the current state of the economy. Theoretical and empirical innovations conceptualize reality and values in different ways from their predecessors. Together the essays offer the reader a balanced look at the various fields, approaches, and dimensions that comprise future directions in economic theory, research, and practice. The extensive introduction by the editors not only summarizes and reviews the implications of the contributions presented in the volume, but also examines how scientific progress takes place, with special reference to economics and finance.
Hands-On Electronics
Authors: Kaplan Daniel M. , White Christopher G.
Published: July 2010

Packed full of real circuits to build and test, Hands-On Electronics is a unique introduction to analog and digital electronics theory and practice. Ideal both as a college textbook and for self-study, the friendly style, clear illustrations and construction details included in the book encourage rapid and effective learning of analog and digital circuit design theory. All the major topics for a typical one semester course are covered including RC circuits, diodes, transistors, op-amps, oscillators, TTL logic, counters, D/A converters and more. There are also chapters explaining how to use the equipment needed for the examples (oscilloscope, multimeter and breadboard) together with pin-out diagrams and manufacturers' specifications for all the key components referred to in the book.
Heat Transfer Physics
Authors: Kaviany Massoud
Published: July 2010

This is a graduate textbook describing atomic-level kinetics (mechanisms and rates) of thermal energy storage; transport (conduction, convection, and radiation); and transformation (various energy conversions) by principal energy carriers. These carriers are: phonon (lattice vibration wave also treated as quasi-particle), electron (as classical or quantum entity), fluid particle (classical particle with quantum features), and photon (classical electromagnetic wave also as quasi-particle). The approach combines the fundamentals of the following fields: molecular orbitals-potentials, statistical thermodynamics, computational molecular dynamics, quantum energy states, transport theories, solid-state and fluid-state physics, and quantum optics. These are rationally connected to atomic-level heat transfer and thermal energy conversion. This textbook presents a unified theory, over fine-structure/molecular-dynamics/Boltzmann/macroscopic length and time scales, of heat transfer kinetics in terms of transition rates and relaxation times, and modern applications, including nano- and microscale size effects. Numerous examples, illustrations, and homework problems with answers enhance learning.
Partial Differential Equations in Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Herron Isom H. , Foster Michael R.
Published: July 2010

This book is concerned with partial differential equations applied to fluids problems in science and engineering and is designed for two potential audiences. First, this book can function as a text for a course in mathematical methods in fluid mechanics in non-mathematics departments or in mathematics service courses. The authors have taught both. Second, this book is designed to help provide serious readers of journals (professionals, researchers, and graduate students) in analytical science and engineering with tools to explore and extend the missing steps in an analysis. The topics chosen for the book are those that the authors have found to be of considerable use in their own research careers. These topics are applicable in many areas, such as aeronautics and astronautics; biomechanics; chemical, civil, and mechanical engineering; fluid mechanics; and geophysical flows. Continuum ideas arise in other contexts, and the techniques included have applications there as well.
Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks
Authors: Li Xiang-Yang
Published: July 2010

If you have to understand and optimize the performance of wireless ad hoc and sensor networks, this explanation provides you with the information and insights you need. It delivers an understanding of the underlying problems, and the techniques to develop efficient solutions and maximize network performance. Taking an algorithmic and theoretical approach, Li dissects key layers of a wireless network, from the physical and MAC layers (covering the IEEE 802.11 and 802.16 protocols, and protocols for wireless sensor networks and Bluetooth) through to the network routing layer. In doing so he reviews the practical protocols, formulates problems mathematically, solves them algorithmically and then analyses the performance. Graduate students, researchers and practitioners needing an overview of the various algorithmic, graph theoretical, computational geometric and probabilistic approaches to solving problems in designing these networks will find this an invaluable resource. Additional resources for this title are available online at www.cambridge.org/9780521865234.
A Course in Modern Analysis and its Applications
Authors: Cohen Graeme L.
Published: July 2010

Designed for one-semester courses at the senior undergraduate level, this 2003 book will appeal to mathematics undergraduates, to mathematics teachers, and to others who need to learn some mathematical analysis for use in other areas such as engineering, physics, biology or finance. Topics such as completeness and compactness are approached initially through convergence of sequences in metric space, and the emphasis remains on this approach. However, the alternative topological approach is described in a separate chapter. This gives the book more flexibility, making it especially useful as an introduction to more advanced areas such as functional analysis. Nominal divisions of pure and applied mathematics have been merged, leaving enough for students of either inclination to have a feeling for what further developments might look like. Applications have been included from such fields as differential and integral equations, systems of linear algebraic equations, approximation theory, numerical analysis and quantum mechanics.
Additive Combinatorics
Authors: Tao Terence , Vu Van H.
Published: July 2010

Additive combinatorics is the theory of counting additive structures in sets. This theory has seen exciting developments and dramatic changes in direction in recent years thanks to its connections with areas such as number theory, ergodic theory and graph theory. This graduate-level 2006 text will allow students and researchers easy entry into this fascinating field. Here, the authors bring together in a self-contained and systematic manner the many different tools and ideas that are used in the modern theory, presenting them in an accessible, coherent, and intuitively clear manner, and providing immediate applications to problems in additive combinatorics. The power of these tools is well demonstrated in the presentation of recent advances such as Szemerédi's theorem on arithmetic progressions, the Kakeya conjecture and Erdos distance problems, and the developing field of sum-product estimates. The text is supplemented by a large number of exercises and new results.
Analysis
Authors: Beals Richard
Published: July 2010

This self-contained text, suitable for advanced undergraduates, provides an extensive introduction to mathematical analysis, from the fundamentals to more advanced material. It begins with the properties of the real numbers and continues with a rigorous treatment of sequences, series, metric spaces, and calculus in one variable. Further subjects include Lebesgue measure and integration on the line, Fourier analysis, and differential equations. In addition to this core material, the book includes a number of interesting applications of the subject matter to areas both within and outside the field of mathematics. The aim throughout is to strike a balance between being too austere or too sketchy, and being so detailed as to obscure the essential ideas. A large number of examples and 500 exercises allow the reader to test understanding, practise mathematical exposition and provide a window into further topics.
Numbers and Functions
Authors: Burn R. P.
Published: July 2010

The transition from studying calculus in schools to studying mathematical analysis at university is notoriously difficult. In this second edition of Numbers and Functions, Dr Burn invites the student reader to tackle each of the key concepts in turn, progressing from experience through a structured sequence of several hundred problems to concepts, definitions and proofs of classical real analysis. The sequence of problems, which all have solutions supplied, draws students into constructing definitions and theorems for themselves. This natural development is informed and complemented by historical insight. The novel approach to rigorous analysis offered here is designed to enable students to grow in confidence and skill and thus overcome the traditional difficulties.
Synthetic CDOs
Authors: Mounfield C. C.
Published: July 2010

Credit derivatives have enjoyed explosive growth in the last decade, particularly synthetic Collateralised Debt Obligations (synthetic CDOs). This book describes the state-of-the-art in quantitative and computational modelling of CDOs. Beginning with an overview of the structured finance landscape, readers are introduced tothe basic modelling concepts necessary to model and value simple credit derivatives. The modelling, valuation and risk management of synthetic CDOs are described and a detailed picture of the behaviour of these complex instruments is built up. The final chapters introduce more advanced topics such as portfolio management of synthetic CDOs and hedging techniques. Detailing the latest models and techniques, this is essential reading for quantitative analysts, traders and risk managers working in investment banks, hedge funds and other financial institutions, and for graduates intending to enter the industry. It is also ideal for academics who need to keep informed with current best practice in the credit derivatives industry.
Mechanics of Solids and Materials
Authors: Asaro Robert , Lubarda Vlado
Published: July 2010

Mechanics of Solids and Materials intends to provide a modern and integrated treatment of the foundations of solid mechanics as applied to the mathematical description of material behavior. The 2006 book blends both innovative (large strain, strain rate, temperature, time dependent deformation and localized plastic deformation in crystalline solids, deformation of biological networks) and traditional (elastic theory of torsion, elastic beam and plate theories, contact mechanics) topics in a coherent theoretical framework. The extensive use of transform methods to generate solutions makes the book also of interest to structural, mechanical, and aerospace engineers. Plasticity theories, micromechanics, crystal plasticity, energetics of elastic systems, as well as an overall review of math and thermodynamics are also covered in the book.
Symmetry and Condensed Matter Physics
Authors: El-Batanouny M. , Wooten F.
Published: July 2010

Unlike existing texts, this book blends for the first time three topics in physics - symmetry, condensed matter physics and computational methods - into one pedagogical textbook. It includes new concepts in mathematical crystallography; experimental methods capitalizing on symmetry aspects; non-conventional applications such as Fourier crystallography, color groups, quasicrystals and incommensurate systems; as well as concepts and techniques behind the Landau theory of phase transitions. Adopting a computational approach to the application of group theoretical techniques to solving symmetry related problems, it dramatically alleviates the need for intensive calculations usually found in the presentation of symmetry. Writing computer programs helps the student achieve a firm understanding of the underlying concepts, and sample programs, based on Mathematica, are presented throughout the book. Containing over 150 exercises, this textbook is ideal for graduate students in condensed matter physics, materials science, and chemistry. Solutions and computer programs are available online at www.cambridge.org/9780521828451.
Synchronization
Authors: Pikovsky Arkady , Rosenblum Michael , Kurths Jürgen
Published: July 2010

First recognized in 1665 by Christiaan Huygens, synchronization phenomena are abundant in science, nature, engineering and social life. Systems as diverse as clocks, singing crickets, cardiac pacemakers, firing neurons and applauding audiences exhibit a tendency to operate in synchrony. These phenomena are universal and can be understood within a common framework based on modern nonlinear dynamics. The first half of this book describes synchronization without formulae, and is based on qualitative intuitive ideas. The main effects are illustrated with experimental examples and figures, and the historical development is outlined. The remainder of the book presents the main effects of synchronization in a rigorous and systematic manner, describing classical results on synchronization of periodic oscillators, and recent developments in chaotic systems, large ensembles, and oscillatory media. This comprehensive book will be of interest to a broad audience, from graduate students to specialist researchers in physics, applied mathematics, engineering and natural sciences.
Social Protection and the Market in Latin America
Authors: Brooks Sarah M.
Published: July 2010

Social security institutions have been among the most stable post-war social programs around the world. Increasingly, however, these institutions have undergone profound transformation from public risk-pooling systems to individual market-based designs. Why has this 'privatization' occurred? Why do some governments enact more radical pension privatizations than others? This book provides a theoretical and empirical account of when and to what degree governments privatize national old-age pension systems. Quantitative cross-national analysis simulates the degree of pension privatization around the world and tests competing hypotheses to explain reform outcomes. In addition, comparative analysis of pension reforms in Argentina, Brazil, Mexico and Uruguay evaluate a causal theory of institutional change. The central argument is that pension privatization emerges from political conflict, rather than from exogenous pressures. The argument is developed around three dimensions: the double bind of globalization, contingent path-dependent processes, and the legislative politics of loss imposition.
Driving Democracy
Authors: Norris Pippa
Published: July 2010

Proposals for power-sharing constitutions remain controversial, as highlighted by current debates in Iraq, Afghanistan, Nepal, and Sudan. This book updates and refines the theory of consociationalism, taking account of the flood of contemporary innovations in power-sharing institutions that have occurred worldwide. The book classifies and compares four types of political institutions: the electoral system, parliamentary or presidential executives, unitary or federal states, and the structure and independence of the mass media. The study tests the potential advantages and disadvantages of each of these institutions for democratic governance. Cross-national time-series data concerning trends in democracy are analyzed for all countries worldwide since the early 1970s. Chapters are enriched by comparing detailed case studies. The mixed-method research design illuminates the underlying causal mechanisms by examining historical developments and processes of institutional change within particular nations and regions.
Empire of Difference
Authors: Barkey Karen
Published: July 2010

This book is a comparative study of imperial organization and longevity that assesses Ottoman successes as well as failures against those of other empires with similar characteristics. Barkey examines the Ottoman Empire's social organization and mechanisms of rule at key moments of its history, emergence, imperial institutionalization, remodeling, and transition to nation-state, revealing how the empire managed these moments, adapted, and averted crises and what changes made it transform dramatically. The flexible techniques by which the Ottomans maintained their legitimacy, the cooperation of their diverse elites both at the center and in the provinces, as well as their control over economic and human resources were responsible for the longevity of this particular 'negotiated empire'. Her analysis illuminates topics that include imperial governance, imperial institutions, imperial diversity and multiculturalism, the manner in which dissent is handled and/or internalized, and the nature of state society negotiations.
Party Polarization in Congress
Authors: Theriault Sean M.
Published: July 2010

The political parties in Congress are as polarized as they have been in 100 years. This book examines more than 30 years of congressional history to understand how it is that the Democrats and Republicans on Capitol Hill have become so divided. It finds that two steps were critical for this development. First, the respective parties' constituencies became more politically and ideologically aligned. Second, members ceded more power to their party leaders, who implemented procedures more frequently and with greater consequence. In fact, almost the entire rise in party polarization can be accounted for in the increasing frequency of and polarization on procedures used during the legislative process.
Left and Right in Global Politics
Authors: Noël Alain , Thérien Jean-Philippe
Published: July 2010

Few notions are as universal as the idea of a left-right divide in politics. Despite its death being frequently foretold, the left-right metaphor remains the most common lens through which to interpret political life locally, nationally and globally. Left and Right in Global Politics argues that the left-right divide connects these different levels into a world political debate. Interpreting the left-right dichotomy as an enduring debate about equality, Noël and Thérien analyse opinion polls and social discourses to demonstrate how this debate shapes both individual and collective views of public affairs. Setting their findings in a historical perspective, they then show that for more than two centuries the conflict between progressives and conservatives has structured both domestic and international politics. They conclude by discussing the implications of their argument for the analysis of world politics, and contend that the left-right opposition is here to stay.
It Takes a Candidate
Authors: Lawless Jennifer L. , Fox Richard L.
Published: July 2010

It Takes a Candidate serves as the first systematic, nationwide empirical account of the manner in which gender affects political ambition. Based on data from the Citizen Political Ambition Study, a national survey conducted on almost 3,800 'potential candidates', we find that women, even in the highest tiers of professional accomplishment, are substantially less likely than men to demonstrate ambition to seek elected office. Women are less likely than men to be recruited to run for office. They are less likely than men to think they are 'qualified' to run for office. And they are less likely than men to express a willingness to run for office in the future. This gender gap in political ambition persists across generations. Despite cultural evolution and society's changing attitudes toward women in politics, running for public office remains a much less attractive and feasible endeavor for women than men.
Electoral Engineering
Authors: Norris Pippa
Published: July 2010

From Kosovo to Kabul, the last decade witnessed growing interest in ?electoral engineering?. Reformers have sought to achieve either greater government accountability through majoritarian arrangements or wider parliamentary diversity through proportional formula. Underlying the normative debates are important claims about the impact and consequences of electoral reform for political representation and voting behavior. The study compares and evaluates two broad schools of thought, each offering contracting expectations. One popular approach claims that formal rules define electoral incentives facing parties, politicians and citizens. By changing these rules, rational choice institutionalism claims that we have the capacity to shape political behavior. Alternative cultural modernization theories differ in their emphasis on the primary motors driving human behavior, their expectations about the pace of change, and also their assumptions about the ability of formal institutional rules to alter, rather than adapt to, deeply embedded and habitual social norms and patterns of human behavior.