bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the relationship between water insecurity, hygiene practices, and incidence of diarrhea among children from rural households of the Menoua Division, West Cameroon
Authors: Nounkeu Carole , Kamgno Joseph , Dharod Jigna
Published: June 2019

The objectives of a cross-sectional, semi-quantitative study were to: i) assess the prevalence of water insecurity and its association with water access-related behaviors such as time, distance, and sources of water; ii) identify major themes of concern raised in reference to anxiety, water quality/quantity, and perceived health risk domains of water insecurity, and; iii) examine the relationship between water insecurity, hygiene practices, and diarrhea lincidence among children in rural areas of the Menoua Division in the Western Region of Cameroon In-person interviews were conducted with 18 years or older women living with at least one child between 2 and 5 years old (n=134). Participants spent on average 17±12 minutes walking to a drinking water source. Prevalence of water insecurity was 58%, and it was associated with a lower hygiene score among caretakers, i.e., hygiene score of water secure: 9.2±1.2 vs. insecure: 8.2±2.2, F(1, 132)=8.096, P<0.01). Overall, the incidence of diarrhea among children was 18%, and it was significantly higher among water insecure house-holds (79%) compared with secure house-holds (21%, P=0.02). In conclusion, access to improved sources of water is an issue in rural areas. Addressing water insecurity is critical in promoting optimal health and development of children due to its association with poor hygiene practices among caretakers.
Hydrological hazards in Vhembe district in Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: Odiyo John , Mathivha Fhumulani I. , Nkuna Tinyiko R. , Makungo Rachel
Published: June 2019

This study determined the risks associated with hydrological hazards and vulnerabilities to communities in Vhembe District Municipality, Limpopo province. Risk and vulnerability contribute to poverty, loss of lives and property, environmental and infrastructural destruction, food insecurity and unavailability of water resources. Streamflow and rainfall data were analysed using Log-Pearson Type III distribution and Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI), respectively, to identify return periods and probabilities of occurrence of floods and droughts. Mann–Kendall test was applied to identify trends of floods and droughts. Risk ratings were used to determine risks and vulnerabilities associated with floods and droughts. Standardised Precipitation Index analysis showed that a mild dryness condition dominated dry years in all stations with a range of 22.4% to 59.2% of the years falling within this category. Twenty-five per cent and 75% of rainfall stations depicted downward and upward trends, respectively. Equal number of streamflow stations depicted downward and upward trends. Results generally showed that flood events with return periods of 50, 100 and 200 years are mostly associated with significant and catastrophic consequence levels. This demonstrated high risk and vulnerability of the communities to these hazards. The findings of this study will aid in future planning and development of mitigation strategies associated with hydrological hazards.
John Test
Authors: Test John
Published: June 2019

John Test
Gemella endocarditis: A case report and a review of the literature
Authors: Youssef Dima , Youssef Ibrahim , Marroush Tariq S , Sharma Mamta
Published: June 2019

Infective endocarditis (IE) remains a prevalent disease with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Recent changes have been noted in the profile of causative microorganisms. In this report, we describe a case of Gemella-related endocarditis and review the related literature. Our patient was an 81-year-old man who presented with dyspnea and fatigue. His initial examination revealed a new systolic murmur. Echocardiogram revealed moderate mitral regurgitation with 1-cm mass on the anterior mitral leaflet, and blood cultures grew Gemella haemolysans. Penicillin and gentamicin were initiated, and workup for possible source was positive for a colonic polyp with high-grade dysplasia. The patient subsequently developed cardiogenic shock and severe pulmonary edema. Comfort care measures were initiated, and he passed away thereafter. We reviewed PubMed for cases of Gemella-related endocarditis. We found 65 documented cases and added our patient’s case to the analysis. Seventy-two percent of the cases occurred in men. The mean age was 51 years and 42% of the patients were older than 60 years. Fever was the most common presenting symptom and most of the cases presented subacutely. The mitral valve was the most affected site and 50% of the patients required surgical intervention. G. morbillorum was the most common subtype and a total of four cases were found to be associated with colorectal neoplasm. As a conclusion, Gemella species rarely cause IE. The absence of a clear source of bacteremia warrants further evaluation for a gastrointestinal source. The infection can be destructive and must be promptly treated to avoid complications.

morbillorum Key messages: Gemella endocarditis is a serious infection with significant morbidity and mortality. It must be promptly treated to avoid further complications.
SUSTAIN drilling at Surtsey volcano, Iceland, tracks hydrothermal and microbiological interactions in basalt 50 years after eruption
Authors: Jackson Marie D. , Gudmundsson Magnús T. , Weisenberger Tobias B. , Rhodes J. Michael , Stefánsson Andri , Kleine Barbara I. , Lippert Peter C. , Marquardt Joshua M. , Reynolds Hannah I. , Kück Jochem , Marteinsson Viggó T. , Vannier Pauline , Bach Wolfgang , Barich Amel , Bergsten Pauline , Bryce Julia G. , Cappelletti Piergiulio , Couper Samantha , Fahnestock M. Florencia , Gorny Carolyn F. , Grimaldi Carla , Groh Marco , Gudmundsson Ágúst , Gunnlaugsson Ágúst T. , Hamlin Cédric , Högnadóttir Thórdís , Jónasson Kristján , Jónsson Sigurdur S. , Jørgensen Steffen L. , Klonowski Alexandra M. , Marshall Beau , Massey Erica , McPhie Jocelyn , Moore James G. , Ólafsson Einar S. , Onstad Solveig L. , Perez Velveth , Prause Simon , Snorrason Snorri P. , Türke Andreas , White James D. L. , Zimanowski Bernd
Published: June 2019

Abstract. The 2017 Surtsey Underwater volcanic System for Thermophiles, Alteration processes and INnovative concretes (SUSTAIN) drilling project at Surtsey volcano, sponsored in part by the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP), provides precise observations of the hydrothermal, geochemical, geomagnetic, and microbiological changes that have occurred in basaltic tephra and minor intrusions since explosive and effusive eruptions produced the oceanic island in 1963–1967. Two vertically cored boreholes, to 152 and 192 m below the surface, were drilled using filtered, UV-sterilized seawater circulating fluid to minimize microbial contamination. These cores parallel a 181 m core drilled in 1979. Introductory investigations indicate changes in material properties and whole-rock compositions over the past 38 years. A Surtsey subsurface observatory installed to 181 m in one vertical borehole holds incubation experiments that monitor in situ mineralogical and microbial alteration processes at 25–124 ∘C. A third cored borehole, inclined 55∘ in a 264∘ azimuthal direction to 354 m measured depth, provides further insights into eruption processes, including the presence of a diatreme that extends at least 100 m into the seafloor beneath the Surtur crater. The SUSTAIN project provides the first time-lapse drilling record into a very young oceanic basaltic volcano over a range of temperatures, 25–141 ∘C from 1979 to 2017, and subaerial and submarine hydrothermal fluid compositions. Rigorous procedures undertaken during the drilling operation protected the sensitive environment of the Surtsey Natural Preserve.
Surface energy fluxes on Chilean glaciers: measurements and models
Authors: Schaefer Marius , Fonseca Duilio , Farias-Barahona David , Casassa Gino
Published: June 2019

Abstract. The surface energy fluxes of glaciers determine surface melt and their adequate parameterization is one of the keys for a successful prediction of future glacier mass balance and freshwater discharge. Chile hosts glaciers in a large range of latitudes under contrasting climatic settings: from 18° S in the Atacama Desert to 55° S on Tierra del Fuego Island. We found the Patagonian glaciers to experience higher surface melt rates as compared to the glaciers of the Central Andes due to a higher contribution of the turbulent flux of sensible heat, less negative longwave radiation balance and a positive contribution of the turbulent flux of latent heat. Glaciers in the Central Andes melt at higher rates at cloud-free conditions whilst glaciers in Patagonia melt faster on cloudy days. The models underestimated the measured emissivity of the clearsky atmosphere in the Wet Andes. The different parameterizations of the turbulent fluxes of sensible and latent heat show similar variability but different absolute values due to different parameterizations of the transport coefficients and stability corrections. We conclude that when working towards physical melt models it is not sufficient to use the observed melt as a measure of model performance: the model parameterizations of individual components of the energy balance have to be validated individually against measurements.
OSTEOSARKOMOS DIAGNOSTIKOS IR GYDYMO IŠŠŪKIAI. KLINIKINIS ATVEJIS
Authors: Stravinskas Mindaugas , Markevičiūtė Vėtra , Bakutis Pranciškus
Published: June 2019

Osteosarkoma – dažniausias agresyvus pirminis piktybinis kaulinis navikas, dažniausiai pasireiškiantis tarp paauglių, tačiau nustatytas antras pasireiškimo pikas tarp vyresnio amžiaus žmonių (1). Naviko etiologija nėra tiksliai žinoma, galimi įvairūs predisponuojantys rizikos veiksniai, tačiau dažniausia lokalizacija labiausiai augančiose kaulų dalyse ir pasireiškimo amžiaus skirtumai tarp paauglių berniukų ir mergaičių leidžia įtarti, jog naviko atsiradimas susijęs su greitu augimu ir hormoniniu aktyvumu. Dažniausias naviko simptomas – skausmas, kuris gali pažadinti iš miego naktį, taip pat dažnai susijęs su patirta trauma. Labai svarbi tiksli naviko diagnozė, todėl rekomenduojama atlikti naviko židinio MRT bei krūtinės ląstos, pilvo, dubens ir stuburo KT naviko išplitimui vertinti. Iki 1970 m. pagrindinis osteosarkomos gydymo būdas – naviko pažeistos galūnės amputacija, kurių rezultatas – 5 metų išgyvenamumas – siekė vos 10 proc. Paskutiniu metu plėtojant indukcinės ir adjuvantinės chemoterapijos galimybes ir atliekant plačią naviko rezekciją pasiektas 60-70 proc. 5 metų išgyvenamumo rodiklis.
Sickle cell crisis in third trimester of pregnancy complicated by hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets (HELLP) syndrome
Authors: Senthan Rasiah Stephen , Lynn Maines Jaimie , Condon Niamh
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Sickle cell disease is one of the most common hemoglobinopathies in the world, affecting approximately 100,000 people annually in the United States alone. This case presents an example of the importance of close monitoring during the pregnancies of patients with sickle cell disease in order to facilitate prompt evaluation and treatment of complications as they arise. Case Report: A 22-year-old, gravida 2 para 1001, was admitted at 306/7 weeks of gestation due to sickle cell crisis. Following admission and observation, she developed hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets (HELLP) syndrome on hospital day-4, and decision was made to proceed with delivery. The patient was maintained on magnesium seizure prophylaxis for 24 hours following delivery. The patient was discharged home on post-operative day-5 on labetalol 400 mg q8hrs secondary to persistent hypertension. The patient was doing well at her routine six week postpartum visit and maintained on the anti-hypertensive medication. Conclusion: This case of HELLP syndrome following a sickle cell crisis highlights the importance of close monitoring of sickle cell disease patients during pregnancy. Multi-disciplinary care plays a critical role in the successful management of these patients due to the acute decompensation that can follow a sickle cell pain episode. A facility must be prepared to provide support from obstetrics, hematology, neurology, and intensive care. The obstetrical team must understand sickle cell physiology. The resources to provide prompt blood transfusion and exchange transfusion must also be available. This knowledge is especially important to health care providers who may be taking care of patients in lower resource settings.
Excessive Materialism and the Metaphysical Basis of an Object-Oriented Ethics
Authors: Harmon Justin L. ,   DePaul University
Published: June 2019

The aims of this paper are twofold: (1) to critique Graham Harman’s avowedly nonrelational object-oriented ontology from the shared relational vantage of ethics, social philosophy, and feminist new materialism; and (2) to articulate the metaphysical basis for a materialist ontology that serves at once as a posthumanist metaethic, or, as I call it, proto-ethic. The nascent movements of speculative realism and object-oriented ontology suggest some fruitful strategies for challenging the anthropocentrism of the post-Kantian philosophical landscape. They do so, however, by simultaneously foreclosing the possibility of thinking with these strategies to address moral and political problems, insofar as they characterize the real as fundamentally nonrelational. I argue that Harman’s adopted noumenalism is ultimately self-undermining, and offer as an alternative a materialist account of reality as intrinsically phenomenal, where phenomenality is unpacked as the excessive, ongoing source of proto-ethical norms to which every human ethical system implicitly appeals.
Philosophy as Memory Theatre
Authors: Wu Yi ,   A. Dourou Publications
Published: June 2019

Contrary to its self-proclamation, philosophy started not with wonder, but with time thrown out of joint. It started when the past has become a problem. Such was the historical situation facing Athens when Plato composed his Socratic dialogues. For the philosopher of fifth century BCE, both the immediate past and the past as the Homeric tradition handed down to the citizens had been turned into problematicity itself. In this essay, I will examine the use of philosophy as memory theatre in Plato's Republic. I shall do so by interpreting Book X of the Republic as Plato's “odyssey” and suggest that such Platonic odyssey amounts to an attempt to re-inherit the collapsed spatial and temporal order of the fallen Athenian maritime empire. In my reading, the Odysseus in the Myth of Er comes forth for Plato as the exemplary Soldier-Citizen-Philosopher who must steer between the Scylla of ossified political principles and the whirling nihilism of devalued historical values, personified by Charybdis. I shall further suggest that Plato’s memory theatre also constitutes a device of amnesia and forgetting. The post-Iliadic Odysseus must drink of forgetfulness from the river Lethe, so that the revenant soldier, Er, and those who inherited the broken historical present during and after the Peloponnesian War, would be enabled to remember in a particular way. Such remembrance, I shall conclude, may be what Plato means by philosophy, a memory theatre of psychic regulation and moral economy that sets itself decidedly apart from earlier tragic and comic catharsis.
Aristotle on Political Norms and Monarchy
Authors: Tsalla Helen ,   A. Dourou Publications
Published: June 2019

Constitutions differ in kind, according to Aristotle (Politics, III), and the perverted ones are posterior to the nondeviant ones. This paper interprets Aristotle’s treatment of monarchy in light of his distinction in Posterior Analytics (I) between the order of being (constitutional types) and the order of experience (existing constitutions). The paper moves from an analysis of political definitions (Politics, III) and their psychological implications to Aristotle’s analysis of kingship as a species of constitutional correctness. It becomes apparent that, when discussing the relation between a political community and the rule befitting it, Aristotle is consistently using cognates of potency (dunamis) whereby a form already present in a thing becomes the principle of formal actualization of another. Such a mutual relation between rulers and ruled and between their psychological powers sheds light on Aristotle’s inclusion of kingship among proper constitutions, even in the absence of shared governance, and to his willingness to suggest policies that preserve even tyrannies.
Aristotle's Wondering Children
Authors: Alysandratos Ioannis , Balla Dimitra , Konstantinidi Despina , Thanassas Panagiotis ,   A. Dourou Publications
Published: June 2019

Wonder is undoubtedly a term that floats around in today’s academic discussion both on ancient philosophy and on philosophy of education. Back in the 4th century B.C., Aristotle underlined the fact that philosophy begins in wonder (θαυμάζειν), without being very specific about the conditions and the effects of its emergence. He focused a great deal on children’s education, emphasizing its fundamental role in human beings’ moral fulfillment, though he never provided a systematic account of children’s moral status. The aim of this paper is to examine, on the one hand, if, to what extent, and under what conditions, Aristotle allows for philosophical wonder to emerge in children’s souls, and, on the other hand, how his approach to education may shed light to the link between wonder and the ultimate moral end, i.e. human flourishing. We will, thus, 1) try to offer a unified outlook of the philosopher’s views on children’s special cognitive and moral state, and 2) illustrate how wonder contributes in overcoming their imperfect state of being.
Editor’s Note: Why We Do What We Do
Authors: Verbeten Sharon
Published: June 2019

See this picture below? That’s the root of why we do what we do.When my friend, Jillaine, sent me this picture of her son Max and daughter Harper reading together—unprompted and unposed!—I knew I had to share it with other librarians. It warms my heart to see these littles sharing their love of books together—even if both are too small to read the literal words.
Does Cultural Competence Matter? Book Reviewers as Mediators of Children’s Literature
Authors: Moreillon Judi
Published: June 2019

School and public librarians have a moral imperative to purchase, provide, and present authentic and accurate children’s and young adult literature. To succeed, librarians must be culturally competent.Cultural competence involves values, behaviors, attitudes, and practices that enable librarians to work cross-culturally to serve increasingly diverse constituencies. A considerable amount of work has yet to be done for the library profession to fully embrace and understand the needs of culturally diverse populations, particularly since the cultural background of many library professionals differs from those they serve, and issues surrounding diversity (e.g., immigration, English-only legislation) have become increasingly complex.”
Aquífero costeiro de Icapuí, Ceará, Brasil: uma proposta de avaliação ambiental
Authors: Rodrigues Maia Saulo Roberio , Freire George Satander Sá , Gomes Diolande Ferreira
Published: June 2019

A cidade de Icapuí, localizada na parte mais oriental do litoral do Estado do Ceará, nordeste do Brasil, foi classificada, no último zoneamento econômico-ecológico costeiro (ZEE), como polo de interesse ecológico da região e, dobrou o Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal (IDHM), nas últimas duas décadas. Com uma população ativa, economicamente, em torno de 70%, mais de 90% destes estão envolvidos com a cadeia produtiva da lagosta. Destaque nas atividades econômicas do município vão para o turismo comunitário, a agricultura e a aquicultura. Busca-se, neste estudo, subsidiar ações de políticas públicas, por meio de estudos de vulnerabilidade do aquífero, voltadas para melhorar a condição de vida e a valoração dos recursos naturais. Por meio de construção de matriz de valoração de impactos ambientais e, agregando outros valores intangíveis da biodiversidade, conclui-se que as riquezas naturais e o saber popular, podem ser melhor utilizados com uma maior participação de órgãos públicos e empresas privadas, proporcionando linhas de créditos mais específicas e presença de consultorias especializadas. Tais observações/sugestões, devidamente estudadas e implantadas, permitiriam um crescimento da localidade, sem perder a classificação de polo de interesse ecológico.
Potentialets politik
Authors: Mikkelsen Henrik Hvenegaard
Published: June 2019

Denne artikel er baseret på et etnografisk studie blandt ældre borgere og sundhedspersonale på Møn og Sydsjælland. I de seneste år er social isolation og ensomhed blandt ældre blevet et kerneområde inden for diskussionen af folkesundhed i Danmark. Med udgangspunkt i denne observation, undersøger jeg, hvorfor netop ensomhed er blevet et centralt fokusområde for de danske sundhedsmyndigheder. Spørgsmålet er, hvordan ensomhed bliver opfattet i en tid, hvor ældres sundhed er genstand for stadig større opmærksomhed. Jeg knytter indsatserne over for ensomhed til en mere generel ’potentialets politik’, dvs. en fremherskende fortælling om sundhed i Danmark, som siger, at vi alle har potentialet for—samt en forpligtigelse til—ikke blot at opretholde vores sundhed, men også at engagere os socialt livet igennem.
Når omsorgen udliciteres:
Authors: Felding Simone Anna , Schwennesen Nete
Published: June 2019

Vi undersøger i denne artikel den særlige relation, der opstår mellem mennesker med demens, deres pårørende og plejepersonalet, når demensramte flytter på plejehjem – det vi kalder en omsorgstrojka. Når demensramte flytter på plejehjem, er det ikke bare de fysiske rammer, der skiftes ud, der sker også et skift i de nære relationer, hvorigennem mennesket med demens lever sit liv. I denne artikel ser vi nærmere på den ambivalente og ofte konfliktfyldte omsorgstrojka, der opstår mellem demensramte, deres pårørende og plejepersonale og de nye former for forbundethed, der opstår igennem denne relation. Vores analyse tager udgangspunkt i feltarbejde foretaget på en demensafdeling på et dansk plejehjem, vi kalder Frydendal, hvor der gentagelsesvist opstod konflikter mellem plejepersonale og pårørende. Konflikterne handlede ofte om, hvordan der bedst kunne drages omsorg for beboerne. Hvor begge parter ønskede det bedste for beboeren, var der ofte en grundlæggende uenighed, i forhold til hvordan det bedst kunne foranlediges. Ved at belyse hvordan omsorgen praktiseres i samspillet mellem pårørende, demensramte og plejepersonale, viser vi, hvordan genstanden for omsorgen og hvad den er rettet mod, er forskellig blandt hhv. pårørende og plejepersonale. Hvor pårørende trækker på en historisk erindring om mennesket med demens’ person og søger at opretholde en kontinuitet i deres omsorgspraksisser og måden de møder mennesket med demens på, tager plejepersonalet udgangspunkt i en mere situationsbestemt og institutionsforankret omsorgspraksis, som i højere grad er rettet mod kollektivet og et ønske om at bevare roen blandt beboerne på plejehjemmet. Vi argumenterer afslutningsvist for, at der er brug for et større institutionelt fokus på at håndtere de dilemmaer, konflikter og samarbejdsformer, der opstår i denne omsorgstrojka, når mennesker med demens flytter på plejehjem.
Om Nordlysets Perioder / Sur les périodes de l'aurore boréale
Authors: Tromholt Sophus
Published: June 2019

For a detailed summary of contents, see the introduction by Kira Moss.
Lucis Boreæ Theoria nova
Authors: Hell Maximilianus
Published: June 2019

For a detailed summary of contents, see the introduction by Per Pippin Aspaas, pp. 6-9.
Christiansand i Norge den 30 Jan. 1738
Authors: Spidberg Jens Christian
Published: June 2019

For a summary of contents, see the introduction by Per Pippin Aspaas, p. 12.
Unvorgreiffliche Gedancken von denen Ursachen der Entstehung des so genannten Luminis Borealis
Authors: Kanold Johann
Published: June 2019

For a summary of contents, see the introduction by Per Pippin Aspaas, p. 11.
Social and Productive Indicators of Forage Palm and the Survival of Livestock Activity in the Semi-arid Region of Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Almeida Hermes Alves de , Soares Elthon Rondinelli de Almeida , Neto José Antonio dos Santos , Pinto Ivandro de Oliveira
Published: June 2019

The importance of the cultivation of forage palm (Opuntia fícus indica Mill) for the agriculturalists of the semi-arid region of Northeast of Brazil, in particular the one of the State of Paraiba, is due to its adaptability to the environmental conditions, especially, in the dry period, since it is the only alternative to feed the herd in most of the localities of this region. The plague of carmine cochineal (Dactylopius opuntiae) has been decimating the planting of this important forage in the intermediate geographic region of Campina Grande, Paraiba, Brazil. In view of this, it was necessary to carry out a quantitative and/or qualitative diagnosis of the areas cultivated with the traditional palm (giant cultivar) and its revitalization, with the introduction of new varieties resistant to this pest, in four localities of this region, these determinations being the main objectives. The territorial cut included about fifty farms in the four localities, being geo referenced using GPS and satellite imagery from Google Earth. The diagnosis consisted of the application of structured and semi-structured questionnaires, interviews and in loco observations. Data analyzes were performed using statistical distributions of measures of central, dispersion and frequency trends. The main results indicated that forage palm in the semi-arid state of Paraiba, Brazil, is the main or only source of food for ruminants. Carmine cochineal (Dactylopius opuntiae) decimated traditional palm varieties and the only alternative was to discard part of the herd and reduce livestock activity. The levels of infestation of carmine cochineal and destruction of palms are of the order of 90%. The program of revitalization of traditional palm cultivation by clams resistant to carmine cochineal has been the alternative for the continuity of livestock activity in this region, although there is a contribution of drought.
High Sensitivity Troponin in Infarcted Patients with History of Myocardial In-farction
Authors: Junior Orlando Victorino de Moura , Bordin Arthur Augusto Souza , Milano Sibele Sauzem , Marques Gustavo Lenci
Published: June 2019

Design of the Study: Historical Cohort.

Objectives: This study aimed to verify which risk factors contribute to increase hs-cTnI in patients with Myocardial Infarcion with ST segment elevation, to ana-lyze which prognostic impacts it may have and to evaluate troponin levels in pa-tients that had previous acute myocardial infarction and assess how this com-pared to patients without previous history of an acute event.

Methodology: It was assessed medical records of patients admitted in the Cor-onary Unit of the Hospital de Clínicas (HC-UFPR) in Curitiba, South of Brazil, diagnosed with ST segment elevation Myocardial Infarction and whose serum levels of high sensitivity troponin I (hs-cTnI) were collected at admission moment. The select data were: gender, age, high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, previous myocardial infarction, dyslipidemia and serum levels of high sensitivity troponin I. For prognostic proposes, it was analysed intra-hospital death and ventricular function, based on left ventricular ejection fraction.

Findings: Patients admitted with previous myocardial infarction had lower levels of hs-TnI. Gender, age, presence of high blood pressure, tabagism, diabetes and dyslipidemia didn’t reveal correlation with troponin values, allowing the in-ference that high sensitivity troponin values at first presentation of these patients have no direct relation to these variables. Regarding prognosis, levels of high sensitivity troponin could not be associated to mortality or ventricular malfunction.

Conclusions: At admission, high-sensitivity troponin I levels were lower in pa-tients with prior myocardial infarction.

Relevance: This work correlates the values of the high-sensitivity troponin of    patients with ST segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction to cardiovascular risks factors and to the prognosis of these patients. This approach is not found in cur-rent medical literature, whose works mainly relates to acute events.
Benzoxaborole
Authors: Hall Dennis G.
Published: November 2024

image

[5735‐41‐1]

C
7
H
7
BO
2

(MW 133.94)

InChI = 
1S/C7H7BO2/c9‐8‐7‐4‐2‐1‐3‐6(7)5‐10‐8/h1‐4,9H,5H2

InChIKey = 
XOQABDOICLHPIS‐UHFFFAOYSA‐N

(carbohydrate complexation agent, boronic acid surrogate in cross‐coupling, catalyst in functionalization of alcohols, anionic ligand in main group‐13 complexes)

Alternative Name(s):
1,3‐dihydro‐1‐hydroxy‐2,1‐benzoxaborole, 2‐(hydroxymethyl)phenylboronic acid hemiester, 1‐hydroxy‐3
H
‐2,1‐benzoxaborole.

Physical Data:
mp 87–89.

2

Solubility:
sol. in water and most polar protic and aprotic organic solvents.

Form Supplied in:
white solid; widely available.

Analysis of Reagent Purity:
NMR.

Purification:
crystallization from hexanes.

2

Handling, Storage, and Precautions:
none.
4‐Methyl‐1‐phenyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1
H
‐Phosphole 1‐Oxide
Authors: Losa Romain , Zimmermann Mathieu , Voituriez Arnaud
Published: November 2024

image

[707‐61‐9]

C
11
H
13
OP

(MW 192.20)

InChI = 
1S/C11H13OP/c1‐10‐7‐8‐13(12,9‐10)11‐5‐3‐2‐4‐6‐11/h2‐6,9H,7‐8H2,1H3

InChIKey = 
YMKWWHFRGALXLE‐UHFFFAOYSA‐N

(catalyst for P
3
/P
5
redox processes and P
5
/P
5
processes)

Alternative Name:
3‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐2‐phospholene 1‐oxide.

Physical Data:
colorless viscous liquid (bp = 173–174 °C/0.7 mm, 156–157 °C/0.7 mbar) that solidifies to a white solid (mp = 60–65 °C).

Solubility:
CH
2
Cl
2
, CHCl
3
, toluene, and most organic solvents.

Form Supplied in:
colorless liquid with crystals; widely commercially available with >95% purity.

Analysis of Reagent Purity:
31
P NMR (CDCl
3
)
δ
20.6 ppm and
1
H NMR (CDCl
3
)
δ
7.85‐7.35 (m, 5
H
), 5.88 (d, 1
H
,
J
H‐P
 = 25.1 Hz), 2.80–2.15 (m, 4
H
), 2.05 (s, 3
H
) ppm.

Preparative Methods:
can be synthesized using the McCormack synthesis.

1,2

Starting from isoprene and dichlorophenylphosphine, the formation of 1,1‐dichloro‐4‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1
H
‐phosphole was observed. After hydrolysis of this intermediate, the crude desired compound was obtained. The synthesis by isomerization of 3‐phospholene oxide is also possible.

3

Purification:
fractional distillation. A small amount of impurities could remain (which is most probably a linear copolymer).

Handling, Storage, and Precautions:
hygroscopic, stable over 300 °C. Handle with gloves under the fume hood.
Ethylene–Norbornene Copolymers
Authors: Li Mingyuan , Cai Zhengguo
Published: November 2024

Ethylene–norbornene copolymers are a significant kind of cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) produced by vinyl‐type coordination copolymerization of ethylene and norbornene catalyzed by transition metal catalysts. These totally amorphous copolymers are strong, stiff, highly transparent, and colorless. They have a very high moisture barrier and interesting electrical properties. The copolymers became commercially available in 2001, and products can be obtained from manufacturers such as Polyplastics. This article describes the microstructures, properties, manufacturing, processing, and applications of this kind of polymeric materials. A basic background on the general COC materials is provided in the introduction. Then the dependency relationship between the microstructure and property is mainly discussed. The diversified copolymerization systems, including metallocene catalysts and post‐metallocene catalysts, for E–NBE copolymers manufacturing have been revealed. The processing and applications of selected commercially available copolymer products are also summarized.
Depolymerization
Authors: Sawada Hideo , Yang Ying
Published: November 2024

This article provides an overview of depolymerization from a thermodynamic and kinetic perspective. Depolymerization is characterized by the scission of the main chain backbone. Three types of reactions such as random degradation, depolymerization, and weak‐link degradation may occur separately or in conjunction with each other. The kinetic treatment of depolymerization processes has been described in the case of random degradation and chain depolymerization. Depolymerization is characterized by their thermodynamic and energetic features such as heat, entropy, free energy for polymerization, bond‐dissociation energy, and activation energy. Current applications of depolymerization are found in various fields such as biological recycling (biorecycling), chemical recycling, agricultural uses in the natural environment, and medical uses.
Modeling and Accessing Smart Materials with Integrity Constraints in the Shapes Constraint Language and Ontologies—The SmaDi Way
Authors: Özçep Özgür L. , Leemhuis Mena , Winkler Maximilian , Courant Robert , Sattel Thomas , Maas Jürgen
Published: November 2024

Various types of semantic artifacts play a vital role in developing software systems, for example, information systems for materials scientists that adhere to the findability, accessibility, interoperability, reusability principles for digital assets. Among them, integrity constraints (ICs) are essential artifacts as they orthogonally add to the representation capabilities of ontologies a means to enforce consistency and completeness of given data. An IC language recommended by the worldwide web consortium (W3C) for use with linked open data is Shapes Constraint Language (SHACL). This article discusses the algorithm and evaluation results for a new SHACL validator developed in the context of SmaDi, a project for digitalizing smart materials associated with MaterialDigital. The new validator reduces SHACL constraints to SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language (SPARQL) queries, that is, queries in the W3C recommended query language over repositories represented in the standard syntax for linked open data, RDF. Hence, in contrast to off‐the‐shelf validators, it can be used with any SPARQL endpoint, even if there is only a (virtual) view of the RDF data. The article demonstrates the use of SHACL ICs for modeling some simple constraints over smart materials. The evaluation shows that our SHACL validator has processing times comparable to off‐the‐shelf SHACL validators.
Crystalline‐Amorphous Hybrid of MoS2 for Enhanced Piezo‐catalytic Activation of Peroxomonosulfate Toward Organic Pollutants Degradation
Authors: Zhu Jiandong , Ji Qiuyi , Lu Pingping , Zhou Wendi , Zhong Qiang , Zhang Kan , Liu Yazi , Zuo Gancheng , Xu Zhe , Yang Shaogui , Zhang Limin , He Huan
Published: November 2024

Despite the promising potential of piezo‐catalysis in environmental remediation applications, the performance of various piezoelectric materials still suffer from low carrier concentrations, limited carrier mobility, and rapid recombination of electron‐hole pairs, and the reported modification strategies are quite intricate and challenging to implement. Herein, MoS2 with varying degrees of crystallinity is synthesized through drying and thermal treatment processes, and the effect of crystal engineering on the performance of the piezo‐activated peroxomonosulfate (PAP) system is investigated. The MoS2 annealed at 700 °C (M‐700) with a crystallization of 60.4% exhibited superior performance in the PAP system, which can degrade 99.6% of bisphenol A within 30 min with a mineralization rate of 57.0%. The positive correlation among the crystallinity of piezoelectric catalysts, the parameters of piezoelectric performance (d33) and piezo‐catalytic performance within a certain range is proposed. From the density functional perturbation theory (DFPT), the crystalline‐amorphous hybrid of M‐700 provided an appropriate charge transfer rate, electron concentration, and mechanical strength, which is more conducive to stimulate the active species chain reaction of PMS. This study provides a novel method for improving the piezo‐catalytic activities and holds great promise for water pollution treatment.
Dual‐Electrolyte Neuromorphic Transistor for Risk Detection and Image Processing
Authors: Kim Su‐Kyung , Choi Seung‐Won , Kim Mingyu , Yun Kwang‐Ro , Wang Gunuk , Seong Tae‐Yeon
Published: November 2024

The human brain is a highly efficient structure that can easily perform various complex tasks, such as shape recognition, presentation, and classification, while consuming minimal energy and occupying only a small volume. This study introduces a bio‐inspired electrolyte‐gated neuromorphic transistor that mimics the functionality of the human brain. A dual‐electrolyte structure combining lithium phosphorus oxynitride and lithium silicate achieves the best performance, with a mobility of 3.1 cm2 V−1 s−1, a paired‐pulse facilitation index of 162.6%, and nonlinearity coefficients of 0.02 and 0.03 (for potentiation and depression, respectively). Further, risk pre‐detection and image recognition are successfully demonstrated using the developed dual‐electrolyte synaptic transistors. A test conducted on the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology database indicates an accuracy of 91.0%. Thus, the device has the potential to advance artificial vision systems.
A Triazine‐Based Hole Transport Material for Durable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Lee Bo Hyun , Lee Seri , Hayashi Yuichiro , Takahashi Hideaki , Saegusa Yuta , Sato Hiroshi , Shibayama Naoyuki , Cho Hyun‐Seok , Miyasaka Tsutomu , Kim Gyu Min , Oh Se Young
Published: December 2024

Hole‐transport materials (HTMs) with suitable band alignment and simplified fabrication processes are essential to enhance the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with n–i–p structures. Although 2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis[N,N‐di(4‐methoxyphenyl)amino]‐9,9′‐spirobifluorene (Spiro‐OMeTAD) has been a common HTM in PSCs, its complex synthesis process and high cost hinder its commercialization. Herein, a donor–acceptor–donor (D–A–D)‐type novel small‐molecule HTM, 6‐phenyl‐1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4‐bis[di(4‐methoxyphenyl)amino]carbazole (PTBC), synthesized using low‐cost materials and a highly simplified one‐step process, is reported. PTBC passivates perovskite (PVK) surface defects and forms an appropriate energy band alignment with the PVK light absorption layer, enhancing the hole extraction capability. The hydrophobic nature of PTBC additionally prevents the degradation of the PVK layer caused by conventional dopants. The best PTBC‐based PSC yields a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of up to 20.17%, retaining 90.96% of initial performance stored after 2568 h. This novel HTM, PTBC, is expected to pave the way for the commercialization of cost‐effective and long‐term stable PSCs as an alternative solution to overcome the limitations associated with Spiro‐OMeTAD.
Cortico‐cortical connectivity of the somatosensory cortex of the agouti: Topographical organization and evolutionary implications
Authors: Franca João G. , Freire Marco Aurelio M. , Pereira Antonio , Manger Paul R. , Kaas Jon H. , Picanço‐Diniz Cristovam W.
Published: December 2024

Understanding patterns of cortico‐cortical connections in both frequently and infrequently studied species advances our knowledge of cortical organization and evolution. The agouti (Dasyprocta aguti, a medium‐size South American rodent) offers a unique opportunity, because of its large lissencephalic brain and its natural behaviors, such as gnawing and hiding seeds, that require bimanual interaction while sitting on its hindlimbs and aligning its head to receive images of the horizon on the retinal visual streak. There have been no previous studies of the intrinsic and extrinsic ipsilateral projections of the agouti's primary somatosensory cortical area (S1). In the present study, we utilized biotinylated dextran (BDA) anatomical tract‐tracer injections combined with microelectrode electrophysiological mapping, correlated with analysis of cytochrome oxidase (CO) histochemical staining, to investigate the ipsilateral corticocortical connectivity of the agouti's S1. By injecting BDA into electrophysiologically identified regions within the S1, we revealed ipsilateral intrinsic connections, as well as connections with cortical areas rostral and caudal to S1, and homotopic labeling in the second somatosensory cortical area (S2). In addition, we identified a focal cluster of labeled axons and axonal terminals adjacent to the rhinal fissure, tentatively named the parietal rhinal area (PR). The analysis of CO reactivity allowed delineation of the boundaries and subdivisions of S1, as well as the locations and limits of primary auditory and visual areas. These findings provide support for the notion of a similar pattern of somatosensory cortical organization and connectivity across mammalian species.
Representing DNA for machine learning algorithms: A primer on one‐hot, binary, and integer encodings
Authors: Gupta Yash Munnalal , Kirana Satwika Nindya , Homchan Somjit
Published: December 2024

This short paper presents an educational approach to teaching three popular methods for encoding DNA sequences: one‐hot encoding, binary encoding, and integer encoding. Aimed at bioinformatics and computational biology students, our learning intervention focuses on developing practical skills in implementing these essential techniques for efficient representation and analysis of genetic data. The primary goal of this study is to enhance students' understanding and practical application of DNA encoding methods, which are crucial for various computational analyses in bioinformatics. Our intervention consists of three key components: (1) a conceptual framework that contextualizes these encoding methods within broader bioinformatics applications, (2) an interactive Jupyter Notebook with Python code examples (https://github.com/yashmgupta/Representing-DNA/tree/main), and (3) a user‐friendly Streamlit application for visualizing encoded sequences (https://dnaencoding.streamlit.app/) that also enables students to input their own DNA sequences and visualize the different encoding methods, further enhancing their understanding and practical experience. By combining conceptual overview with practical coding and visualization tools, our approach provides a comprehensive foundation for students to leverage these key DNA sequence encoding methods in their future work. This study contributes to bioinformatics education by offering effective, hands‐on learning resources that bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application in DNA sequence analysis, preparing students for advanced research and data analysis projects in the field.
The ductal network in the human testis and epididymis: What belongs to which?
Authors: Gocht Andreas , Merseburger Axel Stuart , Ergün Süleyman , Roesch Marie Christine
Published: November 2024

The testes and epididymis are traversed by a system of tubules in which sperm cells are generated, matured, nourished, and transported. Among these are the efferent ductules, which connect the rete testis to the duct of the epididymis. In the Terminologia Anatomica (TA), the efferent ductules are assigned to the testicles, while numerous anatomy, pathology, and urology textbooks assign them to the epididymis. Developmentally, they are derivatives of the Wolffian duct; as is the epididymal duct, which unquestionably belongs to the epididymis. Allocation of the efferent ductules to the compartment of the epididymis has been established clinically. The precise identification of tissue components of the epididymis is essential for the prognostic assessment of testicular cancers. In primary germ cell tumors of the testis, tumor infiltration into the epididymis can influence the tumor stage and can be associated with a worse clinical prognosis than localized tumor disease. Thus, it is desirable to update the TA, assigning the efferent ductules to the epididymis.
High‐resolution Molecular Dynamics Simulations of the Pyruvate Kinase Muscle Isoform 1 and 2 (PKM1/2).
Authors: Delobelle Quentin , Jaffrelot Inizan Théo , Adjoua Olivier , Lagardère Louis , Célerse Frederic , Maréchal Vincent , Piquemal Jean-Philip
Published: November 2024

Glucose metabolism plays a pivotal role in physiological processes and cancer growth. The final stage of glycolysis, converting phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) into pyruvate, is catalyzed by the pyruvate kinase (PK) enzyme. Whereas PKM1 is mainly expressed in cells with high energy requirements, PKM2 is preferentially expressed in proliferating cells, including tumor cells. Structural analysis of PKM1 and PKM2 is essential to design new molecules with antitumoral activity. To understand their structural dynamics, we performed extensive high‐resolution molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using adaptive sampling techniques coupled to the polarizable AMOEBA force field. Performing more than 6 µs of simulation, we considered all oligomerization states of PKM2 and propose structural insights for PKM1 to further study the PKM2‐specific allostery. We focused on key sites including the active site and the natural substrate Fructose Bi‐Phosphate (FBP) fixation pocket. Additionally, we present the first MD simulation of biologically active PKM1 and uncover important similarities with its PKM2 counterpart \textcolor{red}{bound} to FBP. We also analysed TEPP‐46’s fixation, a pharmacological activator binding a different pocket, on PKM2 and highlighted the structural differences and similarities compared to PKM2 bound to FBP. Finally, we determined potential new cryptic pockets specific to PKM2 for drug targeting.
Managing organizational carbon neutrality: A systematic review
Authors: Boiral Olivier , Morin Geneviève , Yuriev Alexander , Talbot David
Published: November 2024

This article aims to analyze the challenges that arise for organizations when they make carbon neutrality commitments, the practices involved in implementing those commitments, and the impacts they have, based on a systematic review of empirical studies focused on the managerial and organizational implications of carbon neutrality initiatives. Through rigorous analysis of relevant research, this study maps the literature, highlighting, among other things, that research on the subject has mushroomed and is widely dispersed in terms of both geographical and disciplinary provenance; that the process of achieving organizational carbon neutrality has been undertheorized; and that there is a lack substantial critical examinations of carbon neutrality actions despite the greenwashing trends that have been observed in organizations' climate commitments. The results of the selected studies show the numerous challenges of managing carbon neutrality, mainly due to organizational obstacles and governance issues related to the lack of expertise, leadership, and reliable data to track climate performance rigorously as well as persistent uncertainties surrounding regulations and public policies in this area. Despite these difficulties, the conclusions of most studies remain optimistic about the positive financial, reputational, and institutional impacts of organizational carbon neutrality. The best practices identified in the literature revolve around actions related to leadership commitments, strategic planning, and innovation. This study provides an in‐depth understanding of the implications of carbon neutrality for managers and proposes avenues of improvement for future initiatives in this area. It also discusses contributions to the literature, significant research gaps, and resulting avenues for future research.