bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Beyond Left and Right: Real-World Political Polarization in Twitter Discussions on Inter-Ethnic Conflicts
Authors: Bodrunova Svetlana S. , Blekanov Ivan , Smoliarova Anna , Litvinenko Anna
Published: August 2019

Studies of political polarization in social media demonstrate mixed evidence for whether discussions necessarily evolve into left and right ideological echo chambers. Recent research shows that, for political and issue-based discussions, patterns of user clusterization may differ significantly, but that cross-cultural evidence of the polarization of users on certain issues is close to non-existent. Furthermore, most of the studies developed network proxies to detect users’ grouping, rarely taking into account the content of the Tweets themselves. Our contribution to this scholarly discussion is founded upon the detection of polarization based on attitudes towards political actors expressed by users in Germany, the USA and Russia within discussions on inter-ethnic conflicts. For this exploratory study, we develop a mixed-method approach to detecting user grouping that includes: crawling for data collection; expert coding of Tweets; user clusterization based on user attitudes; construction of word frequency vocabularies; and graph visualization. Our results show that, in all the three cases, the groups detected are far from being conventionally left or right, but rather that their views combine anti-institutionalism, nationalism, and pro- and anti-minority views in varying degrees. In addition to this, more than two threads of political debate may co-exist in the same discussion. Thus, we show that the debate that sees Twitter as either a platform of ‘echo chambering’ or ‘opinion crossroads’ may be misleading. In our opinion, the role of local political context in shaping (and explaining) user clusterization should not be under-estimated.
The effect of β-endorphin on the functional parameters of the isolated heart and lymphatic vessels of the white rat
Authors: Nechaykina Olga V. , Laptev Denis S. , Petunov Sergei G. , Radilov Andrei S.
Published: August 2019

Objective. The work is devoted to the comparison of the mechanisms of β-endorphin action in isolated rat heart and lymphatic vessels.

Materials and methods. The experiments were performed using the Langendorff System perfusion device (Panlab, Spain) and the multichannel wire myograph 620M (DMT). During the study, selective opioid receptor blockers, K + channel blockers were used.

Conclusion. In the course of experimental studies it was found that the most likely target for β-endorphin in an isolated rat heart are δ-opioid receptors, in isolated lymphatic vessels of a rat - μ- and δ-opioid receptors. The inhibitory effect of β-endorphin in the heart muscle is associated with stimulation of ATP-sensitive K + channels. In isolated lymphatic vessels, the effect of β-endorphin is realized through the activation of both potential-dependent and ATP-sensitive K+ channels.
Electroencephalographic arousal pattern in severe alcohol poisoning
Authors: Aleksandrov Mikhail V. , Povalyukhina Ekaterina S. , Alexandrova Tatyana V. , Ivanov Lev B. , Chernyi Valery S.
Published: August 2019

Parameters dynamics of brain bioelectric activity of 50 patients in alcoholic coma are  considered. Patients underwent continuous EEG monitoring from the end of the basic resuscitation to the apparent recovery of consciousness (awakening). The average registration time was 4.5 hours. EEG was recorded in standard derivations using the 10–20 system. The amplitude-frequency indices of spontaneous activity and reactivity are analyzed. Electroencephalographic correlates of cerebral insufficiency in comatose states are distinguished by pronounced polymorphism and high individual variability. Considering these features, “dynamic” parameters should be used as prognostic criteria: spontaneity and variability of the pattern, reactivity during stimulation. The increase in the frequency of bioelectric activity, desynchronization with external stimuli may indicate the beginning of the process of recovery of consciousness. Electrophysiological criteria for awakening, developed in this work on the example of alcoholic coma, can be mostly applicable to unconscious states caused by other etiological factors: trauma, hypoxia, vascular failure.
Proteomic analysis in the diagnostics of chronic heart failure with normal ejection fraction
Authors: Sveklina Tatiana S. , Shustov Sergey B. , Kozlov Vadim A. , Kolyubayeva Svetlana N. , Denisov Dmitriy G.
Published: August 2019

This review is devoted to the analysis of information on protein-markers of chronic heart failure (CHF). The review contains current information about protein predictors of cardiovascular disease and concomitant CHF. The methodology of proteomic analysis is considered. The following conclusions were made: 1. The method of controlling the expression of individual genome sections proteomic analysis is a method of early, preclinical diagnosis of diseases, because it allows to identify the initial stages of the pathological genome in the phenotype. 2. The study of CHF protein markers is at the primary stage of accumulation of factual material, making this research direction promising. 3. In many ways, in addition to the prognostic effect of pathological protein-markers, the detection allows to understand the pathogenesis of the disease, its implementation at the molecular level. 4. In turn, determining exact molecular mechanisms of the pathological process development helps finding new treatment modalities. 5. Changes in the number of pathological protein-markers dynamics allows to predict the severity and outcome of the disease.
Content of blood serum bone tissue metabolism indices in patients with prostheses instability after primary knee joint arthroplasty
Authors: Galashina Elena A. , Ulyanov Vladimir Yu. , Bondarenko Aleksandr S.
Published: August 2019

Aim. To assess the separate indices of blood serum bone tissue metabolism content in patients with instability of prostheses after the primary knee joint arthroplasty.
Materials and methods. The main group joined 40 patients with implant-associated inflammation, the comparison group – 40 patients with primary aseptic instability of prostheses, the control – 20 conditionally healthy donors. The blood serum hPTH and 25-OH Vitamin D content was determined using solid-phase immune-enzyme assay.
Results. Among the patients of the main group, blood serum hPTH concentration increased as compared with the control after1 and 12 months following the surgery and compared with each previous observation period; 25-OH Vitamin D level decreased compared with the control before the surgery, after1 and 12 months following the surgical intervention and compared with each previous period of observation. In the patients of the comparison group versus the control values, blood serum hPTH concentration elevated and 25-OH Vitamin D level declined after 1 and 12 months following the surgery and compared with the previous observation period 1 month later.
Conclusions. When estimating the blood serum hPTH and 25-OH Vitamin D content in patients with instability of prostheses after the primary knee joint arthroplasty, there were revealed multidirectional changes in their levels, showing bone tissue metabolic disorders.
Adaptogenic effect of phlojodicarpus sibiricus extract on cerebral ischemia
Authors: Gulyaev Sergey M. , Taraskin Vasiliy V. , Urbanova Ekaterina Z.
Published: August 2019

The aim of the study was to determine the adaptogenic effect of the extract from the roots of Phlojodicarpus sibiricus during ischemic influence on the left hemisphere of the brain. Experiments were conducted on Wistar rats of both sexes weighing 200-220 g. Unilateral cerebral ischemia was induced by permanent occlusion of the left common carotid artery under ether anesthesia. Adaptogenic anti-ischemic effect of Ph. sibiricus was determined by the number of desquamated endotheliocytes, nitrogen oxide metabolites – nitrites in the blood, by the content of lipid peroxidation products – malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of the antioxidant defense system in the brain tissue. It is established that Ph. sibiricus has an anti-ischemic effect, reduces the number of endotheliocytes desquamated, increases the level of nitric oxide in the blood (p ≤ 0.05), stimulates SOD and catalase activity, reducing the intensity of lipid peroxidation and the accumulation of MDA in the brain during ischemic exposure (p ≤ 0.05). Preventive administration of Ph. sibiricus extract has an adaptogenic effect in unilateral cerebral ischemia, which consists in reducing desquamated endotheliocytes, increasing the production of nitric oxide by endothelium, increasing the antioxidant defense system and reducing the intensity of oxidative reactions in the brain. Adaptogenic effect of Ph. sibiricus extract is caused by endothelium protective and antioxidant effects.
Aldosterone antagonists in cardiology practice
Authors: Danilov Andrey I. , Kozlov Sergey N. , Evseev Andrey V.
Published: August 2019

In review presents the patological effects of aldosterone, clinical pharmacology of aldosterone antagonists and their role in countering the development of cardiovascular diseases are highlighted. The results of clinical studies have demonstrated high clinical efficacy and safety of spironolactone and eplerenone in a wide range of cardiovascular risk. However, the potential adverse drug reactions associated with these drugs limit their use in some categories of patients. However, adequate monitoring of these reactions, including hyperkalemia and acute kidney injury, can be avoided. In situations where there are indications for the use of spironolactone or eplerenone, the latter is the drug of choice due to the lower risk of gender adverse reactions. The frequency of other adverse drug reactions, in particular hyperkalemia, spironolactone and eplerenone are comparable.
Hacia una definición del concepto de colocación: de J. R. Firth a I. A. Mel'čuk
Authors: Alonso Ramos Margarita
Published: August 2019

Hacia una definición del concepto de colocación: de J. R. Firth a I. A. Mel'čuk.
Construcción y fuentes utilizadas para los términos médicos en el Diccionario de Autoridades
Authors: Gutiérrez Rodilla Bertha M.
Published: August 2019

Construcción y fuentes utilizadas para los términos médicos en el Diccionario de Autoridades.
GEISA: Un diccionario de sinónimos en formato electrónico
Authors: Santana O. , Pérez J. , Carreras F. , Santos S. , Rodríguez G. , Hernández Z.
Published: August 2019

GEISA: Un diccionario de sinónimos en formato electrónico.
Coagulation Profile in neonates with perinatal asphyxia
Authors: Jha Ruchi , Verma Neelam
Published: August 2019

Background: Perinatal Asphyxia refers to a condition during the first and second stage of labour in which impaired gas exchange leads to fetal acidosis, hypoxemia and hypercarbia. It accounts for about 23 per cent of the four million newborn deaths worldwide.Methods: To estimate the magnitude of coagulation derangement in babies who suffered birth asphyxia and compare it with non-asphyxiated controls.Results: There were 61.9% and 64 % males in both the groups outnumbering females suggesting that the health care seeking behavior for male children is more than for their female counterparts. Birth weight and mode of delivery are comparable in both the groups. PT and APTT were significantly higher in the asphyxiated babies than in their respective control group. It may be noted , however, that PT and APTT values were higher in the control group also, when compared with the reference values. This may indicate that the hemostatic mechanisms are already compromised in the newborns and perinatal asphyxia further augment the situation tilting it in favour of bleeding. Thrombocytopenia is observed in the asphyxiated group which may be due to placental insufficiency. Severe bleeding is significant in asphyxiated group as compared to the control.Conclusion: Dyscoagulation should be considered in all asphyxiated babies, and they may present with clinically significant bleeding, which may require fresh frozen plasma to restore and maintain their coagulation status.
A study of sterile pyuria in dengue fever
Authors: N. Prashanth V. , . Sneha
Published: August 2019

Background: Dengue fever is an important tropical disease which is endemic in around 110 countries. It infects 50-100 million people worldwide per year. In India case fatality rate is 1-5% for severe Dengue. Between 2015-2017, 790 deaths have been recorded according to NVBDCP data. Global burden of Dengue has increased at least fourfold over last three decades and now 2.5 billion people at risk of disease. This study aims at determining sterile pyuria as a manifestation  in patients presenting with Dengue fever, as patients may present with similar symptoms as that of urinary tract infection, thereby preventing  unnecessary use of antibiotics.Methods: It is a Cross sectional observational study conducted on 100 consecutive patients with serologically proven Dengue fever. Patients satisfying inclusion and exclusion criteria underwent relevant investigations and in patients with urine routine showing pyuria, urine culture and sensitivity was done to rule out urinary tract infection and look for sterile pyuria.Results: Among 100 patients of dengue studied, age distribution being 18years to 70years, mean age was 33.27±13.2 years of them 78 were male and 22 were female. 41% patients showed pyuria in urine. 25 % patients were culture positive most common being E. coli and 16% patients had sterile pyuria.Conclusions: Sterile pyuria is not a well-recognized entity in Dengue fever and is often missed. This study shows that sterile pyuria is quite common manifestation in dengue fever which resembles urinary tract infection and therefore does not require any empirical antibiotic treatment.
DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA IN THE PLANNING OF ORTHOPEDIC TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH INFLAMMATORY PERIODONTAL DISEASES
Authors: Жулев Евгений , Zhulev Evgeniy , Кочубейник Алёна , Kochubeynik Alena , Круглова Наталья , Kruglova Natalia , Сергеева Анжелика , Sergeeva Angelika , Приходько Марк , Prihod'ko Mark
Published: August 2019

Subject. Currently, about 530 types of microorganisms that live in supragingival and subgingival plaque have been discovered. To periodontal pathogens today carry a little more than ten types. The main role in the occurrence of periodontal disease is played by microorganisms included in the “red complex” of BANA+: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia. With the simultaneous identification of these types can be judged on the high risk of developing periodontal disease.

Objective ― calculating the frequency of occurrence of various types of dentition defects of patients with varying severity of periodontal disease, establishing the connection between the severity of periodontal disease and the number of periodontal pathogenic microflora.

Methodology. A clinical examination of a patients group which consists of 32 women and 10 men in the age from 38 to 66 years was conducted. Anamnesis was collected using a survey and a special questionnaire. External examination and examination of the oral cavity allowed to find the clinical conditions and anatomical features that leads to periodontal disease’s development.

Results. Based on the data of clinical and radiological examination, the patients were divided into three groups according to the severity of periodontal disease. During the clinical examination, we calculated the frequency of occurrence of various types of dentition defects in patients with varying degrees of severity of periodontal disease.

Findings. It has been found that the course of chronic generalized periodontitis depends on the number of types of aggressive forms of periodontal pathogens.
A liberdade de expressão e seus limites na Internet: uma análise a partir da perspectiva da Organização dos Estados Americanos
Authors: Leal da Silva Rosane , Taschetto Bolzan Bárbara Eleonora , Fabíola Cigana Paula
Published: August 2019

O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar qual o entendimento da Organização dos Estados Americanos acerca do direito à liberdade de expressão e seus limites no contexto da Internet. Para tanto, foi utilizado o método de abordagem dedutivo e de procedimento monográfico, e as técnicas de pesquisa utilizadas foram revisão bibliográfica e análise documental. Conclui-se que o entendimento da Organização dos Estados Americanos é de que a liberdade de expressão é uma garantia fundamental nas sociedades democráticas, devendo ser amplamente defendida, ao passo que eventuais restrições devem ser cautelosamente analisadas e cumprir a determinados requisitos a fim de serem legítimas.
A discricionariedade judicial e a definitividade da decisão judicial: a teoria de Hart e as críticas apontadas por Dworkin
Authors: Moraes Maria Valentina de , Leal Mônia Clarissa Hennig
Published: August 2019

Questiona-se, diante da zona de penumbra defendida por Hart, a afirmação se de fato o direito é aquilo que os tribunais dizem que é e o papel que assume a discricionariedade nesse contexto. Utiliza-se do método dedutivo, sendo abordada a teoria de Hart e a questão da definitividade das decisões dos Tribunais supremos, analisadas as críticas de Dworkin e discutida a afirmação acerca do direito ser o que os tribunais dizem que é. Conclui-se que Hart preocupou-se em limitar a discricionariedade judicial, contudo, aceita que as decisões dos tribunais se incorporem ao direito e acabem sendo reproduzidas, demonstrando sua incompletude.
Ağır Metallerin Çeşitli Gözenekli Malzemeler Üzerinde Adsorpsiyonu
Authors: Yazıcı Karabulut Benan , Atasoy Ayşe Dilek
Published: August 2019

Bu
çalışma ile çevre ve insan sağlığı açısından büyük sorunlar oluşturan ağır
metallerin oldukça düşük maliyetli, ekonomik ve kolay elde edilebilen
malzemeler ile giderilebilirliği araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada, ekonomik ve
giderim verimi yüksek bir yöntem olan adsorpsiyon yöntemi kullanılarak,
sulardan Cu+2, Zn+2, Pb+2 ve Ni+2
giderimi amaçlanmıştır. Batch metoduna göre yapılan çalışmada adsorban olarak
boksit, montmorillonit kili ve tuğla kili kullanılmıştır. Bakır ve çinkonun
boksit ve montmorillonit kili üzerindeki adsorpsiyon denge süresine 1 saatte,
kurşun ve nikel adsorpsiyonuna 20 dk’da, tuğla kili adsorbanı üzerinde kurşun
adsorpsiyonuna 40 dk’da, nikel adsorpsiyonuna ise 4 saatte ulaşılmıştır. Her
kil tipi için optimum adsorban dozları belirlenmiştir. Bakır, çinko, kurşun ve
nikel ağır metallerinin adsorbanlar üzerindeki adsorpsiyonu hem Freundlich hem
de Langmuir izotermi ile iyi uyum sağladığı görülmüştür.
The New Method for Determining the Composition of Wood Gas Produced in Gas Generators of the Inverted Gasification Process
Authors: Kashin E. M. , Didenko V. N.
Published: August 2019

The article presents a new method for determining the composition of wood generator gas produced in gas generators of the inverted gasification process. The shortcomings of the existing calculation methods are analyzed, the main of which is the insufficient harmonization of the calculation results with the experimental data. The authors substantiate the priority of the main chemical reactions occurring during gasification of wood fuel. There are three active zones of gasification, viz.: a redox zone, a reduction zone and a zone of interaction of gasification products with each other and with the carbon of the fuel. In general, a redox zone consists of two subzones: in the first one reactions of water gas formation occur, and the second one appears when excess air is supplied to the gas generator. The proposed method for calculating the components of the generator gas is a set of a modified balance method and an added method for calculating the concentrations of chemical reaction products by the equilibrium constants of these reactions in the active gasification zones with different temperatures. The modified balance method considers the primary processes of wood and moist air transformation into components of the generator gas in the first subzone of the redox zone. The modified balance method is based on the equations of material balance of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, moisture, nitrogen and thermal balance of the system. The added method determines the concentrations of the components of the generator gas in the second subzone of the redox zone, as well as in the reduction zone and the zone of interaction of the gasification products with each other and with the fuel carbon. The combination of these two methods makes it possible to calculate with greater accuracy the output of the generator gas, the concentration of its components, fuel and air consumption, as well as a number of other characteristics of the gas generator.
Formation of the System of Threats to Energy Security of the Republic of Belarus
Authors: Korsak E. P.
Published: August 2019

The energy sector of the Republic of Belarus is one of the key sectors of the national economy, the effective development of which ensures the operation of the entire real economy and the sphere of housing and communal services. Due to the lack of the necessary amount of its own energy resources, the country is affected by factors of internal and external threats that form the energy dependence of the Republic on the supply of fuel and energy resources from outside. This weakens its energy security. The main importing country of fuel and energy resources for the Republic of Belarus is the Russian Federation. In this regard, the concept of energy security needs to be clarified, taking into account external and internal threats. The article deals with theoretical approaches to the definition of energy security, the specific features for the importing and exporting countries. The main threats to energy security for the Republic of Belarus are clarified, the causes of their occurrence and consequences for both fuel and energy complex enterprises and energy consumers are revealed. To determine the level of energy security, the indicative assessment method, which involves the identification of parameters and indicators of the development and functioning of the fuel and energy complex, its subsystems and facilities, as well as energy consumers, is the most optimal. These parameters characterize the composition, depth and territorial framework for the implementation of threats to energy security, its level. The indicators of the main directions of energy safety have been analyzed in dynamics; their levels are determined by periods. The directions of energy security, which are most and least susceptible to threats, have been identified. A combined approach for determining the objects of energy security is proposed. The author's definition of energy security is presented.
Application of Closed Chamber Theory to Backsurge Completion Testing
Authors: Simmons J. F. , Sageev A.
Published: August 2019

A transient pressure analysis method for the closed chamber oil well test is presented. The method allows determination of reservoir transmissibility and well bore skin using log-log type curve matching. The method is believed applicable to analysis of perforation cleaning back-surge data.

Solution is obtained by superposition of the cumulative influx, constant pressure solution of the radial diffusivity equation. Superposition avoids many of the limitations of direct solution, and facilitates consideration of non-ideal chamber gas behavior and complex well bore geometry.

A sensitivity study of tool and reservoir parameters is presented. The results indicate that unlike the slug test, tool geometry greatly influences the dimensionless pressure response of the closed chamber test. Tool design guide lines are presented for extending the period during which the closed chamber test behaves as a slug test, and is suitable for analysis by type curve matching with published slug test results. The superposition results also indicate that assuming ideal chamber gas behavior does not significantly alter the bottom hole pressure response.
New Results on Transient Well Tests Analysis Considering Nonlaminar Flow in the Reservoir
Authors: Rodolfo Camacho-V. , Mario Vásquez-C. , José Roldán-C. , Fernando Samaniego-V. , Luis Maciás-C.
Published: August 2019

The aim of this work is to examine the wellbore pressure behavior in reservoirs with single phase non-Darcy flow conditions produced at a constant sandface rate.

The transient flow period is analyzed by means of results generated with a finite difference model.

Analytical expressions of pressure drop and its semilog-arithmic slope are presented for the first time. These equations contain the laminar flow solution as a particular case and they provide means to evaluate the total skin factor. Another use of the analytical solution to the non-Darcy flow problem is to be able of identifying the presence of inertial effects by using a diagnostic plot which consists of graphing the derivative of the pressure data versus the inverse of the square root of time on a cartesian paper. In this way, an analyst can easily predict the magnitude of the skin due to non-laminar flow under any condition of mechanical skin and rate. Furthermore, better stimulation jobs can be designed if non-Darcy flow conditions during a transient test are properly identified through the methodology presented in this study.

The use of the methodology obtained in this work is illustrated with synthetic examples for homogeneous and naturally fractured reservoirs. Also, a field example of an undersaturated reservoir and a dry gas case (taken from the literature) show the application of this technique. For the case of naturally fractured reservoirs new insights are provided.
Self-Regulated Learning versus Activity-based Intervention to Reduce Behavioral Problems and Enhance School-related Function for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Yunus Farahiyah Wan , Bissett Michelle , Penkala Stefania , Kadar Masne , Liu Karen P.Y.
Published: August 2019

Background: Self-regulated learning is an active learning cognitive approach which helps individuals to be aware of their own ability and environment and control their own learning. This study examined the therapeutic effects on reducing behavioral problems and enhancing school-related function in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders.

Methods: Forty children (aged 6–12) were randomized into a 12-week self-regulated learning or activity-based group. Three outcome measures, assessing the behavioral problems and school-related function, were administered before and after the intervention and at one-month follow-up. The results between the two groups were also compared using two-way repeated measure multivariate analysis of variance tests.

Results: Children in the self-regulated learning group reported a significant reduction in ‘Maladaptive Behavior’. Both groups showed better school-related function after the intervention with greater improvement found in the self-regulated learning group including ‘Functional Communication’, ‘Memory and Understanding’ and ‘Positive Interaction’. In the one-month follow-up, the self-regulated learning group showed significant better results in the ‘Maladaptive Behavior’ in addition to the ‘Functional Communication’, ‘Memory and Understanding’, ‘Following Social Conversations’, ‘Positive Interaction’ and ‘Behavior Regulation’ in the school-related function.

Conclusions: The self-regulated learning and activity-based interventions are effective in enhancing school-related functions. In addition, the self-regulated learning intervention is effective in reducing behavioral problems of children with ASD. The SRL intervention was seen to be effective compared to the activity-based intervention with particular benefits for on-going learning and improvements.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02496819. Registered 14 July 2015.
Assessment of the Status of Birth Registration in Gamo Gofa Zone and Konso Woreda, SNNPR, Ethiopia
Authors: Shimbre Mulugeta Shegaze , Hussen Sultan , Gellebo Kansite , Gultie Teklemariyam , Hailu Messrach , Firdawek Ewunetu , Ayele Gistane , Bekele Alemayehu , Getahun Firdawek , Wogayehu Teklu , Shibru Simon , Mergia Tesfahun , Asmera Arif
Published: August 2019

Background: According to the monitoring results in Africa, the regional average completeness rate of birth registration has increased from around 40% to 56% from 2012 to 2015. Ethiopia is among the countries with less than 20% of births registered. Even if Ethiopia, with its 38,000 health extension workers already deployed on the ground and increasingly linked to communities through the Women’s Development Army, had a unique opportunity to rapidly accelerate the coverage of birth registration but until the recent time, the rate of birth registration in Ethiopia is very low.Objective: This study was aimed to assess the level of birth registration, status of awareness about birth registration and factors affecting birth registration status in in Gamo Gofa and Zegen area people Zone SNNPR, Ethiopia. Methods: The study was s in Gamo Gofa and Gegen area people Zone using pretest quasi experimental study design. The data (was collected in November 2018. The quantitative data was collected by structured interviewer-administered questionnaire from 498 households. Qualitative data was collected through Focal Group Discussion using interview guides from key informants. Descriptive statistics including frequencies, means and standard deviations were employed to present finding. Logistic regression analyses were used to determine association with birth registration practice. Model fitness was checked.Results: The study shows that majority of the respondents were male 300(60.2%) and females account 198(39.8%). The finding also revealed that the prevalence of birth registration among children age below 5 years old is 12.1%; whereas, prevalence of birth registration practice among age group between 5 and 18 years old is 14.9%. The level of awareness on birth registration among study participants accounts 33.7%. In the multivariate analysis sex, religion, level of education, awareness on birth registration institution, radio program and VERA office have a significant association with the birth registration.Conclusion: The overall level of practice of birth registration in this study is far lower than many studies from other countries. Thus, implementing remedial action in order to improve birth registration is essential.
The Physicians’ Oath through the Eyes of the Bulgarian Medical Students: Empirical Survey
Authors: Marinova Juliana Krumova , Parashkevova-Simeonova Boryana Mitkova , Chamova Galya Dimitrova , Petrova Galina Ilieva , Slavova Vanya Bancheva , Benkova Krasimira Tosheva
Published: August 2019

Background

Upon graduation physicians in Bulgaria are required by law to take the Hippocratic Oath and its’ different adapted variants are used in the medical schools. The goal of this survey was to investigate medical students’ in 4th, 5th and 6th year of their undergraduate training perception and preferences about the two versions: the adapted Hippocratic Oath currently used in one medical school (Version-1) and the newly-revised Declaration of Geneva “The Physician’s Pledge”, 2017 (Version-2).

Methods

An empirical survey was carried out, using direct individual self-administered questionnaire from February to April 2018. Students’ lists of total 239 medical students provided by the institution’s authority were used. 183 students responded (total response rate of 76.57%). Methods of descriptive and analytical statistics were used based on the nature of the data: relative frequency distributions, Pearson Chi-Square nonparametric test for hypothesis assessment – statistical significance was set at p<0.05.

Results

In a closed response binominal question force choice format respondents gave higher preference as overall perception to Version-1 (61.7%) and there were not statistically significant differences according to their basic socio-demographic characteristics (Pearson Chi-Square test - p> 0.05 for all hypotheses). The ranking of the clauses of the preferred version considered to be decisive indicated the highest preference to the wording in the two versions referring to the field of professional relationships in doctor-patient sphere: the doctor’s obligation to always be ready to provide medical care from the Version-1 (54.5%) and the nondiscrimination about the Version-2 (41.4%). In the particular aspect of the relations between teachers, students and colleges and the respect for human life, preferences were rather pointing to the wordings of the Version-2: respectively 54.4% and 63.2% of respondents and in the area of doctor-patient relationships greater preference was given to the wording of the Version-1: 59.3% of respondents.

Conclusions

The current survey was inspired by the latest revision of the Declaration of Geneva. There are the position expressed by the students towards both Oath versions as a bond between tradition and reality. Our finding could serve for further discussions regarding the Bulgarian practice of administering the Physicians’ Oath.
Breast cancer stigma among Indonesian female: a case study breast cancer patient.
Authors: Solikhah Solikhah , Matahari Ratu , Utami Fitriana Putri , Handayani Lina , Marwati Tri Ani
Published: August 2019

Background: Stigma of cancer patients was identified with death, making cancer is the most feared diseases by mankind worldwide especially cancer patients and their families. A critical evaluation of the breast cancer stigma regarding breast cancer screening behaviour is poorly understood, so we aimed to analyse the stigmatization of breast cancer patient in Indonesia for reducing morbidity and mortality of breast cancer.
Methods: A qualitative study using focus group discussion and in-depth interviews with thematic analysis was conducted in this research.
Results: The informants endured the pain of their breast and kept the referral letter which the medical doctor advised to medical treatment for three months later due to their embarrassment. Traditional healing using scrapping as known ‘kerokan’ and consumed some traditional drink were done by most informants to decrease the pain on their breast. Finally, most informants were diagnosed in an advanced stage when they returned to the health facilities. In addition, financial difficulties were noted as barriers of breast cancer screening in such Indonesia.
Conclusions: Feeling fear and shame when diagnosed with breast cancer were identified in this study. Alternative treatment using scrapping as known ‘kerokan’ lead the first seeking help for breast cancer symptoms due to financial difficulties among patient of breast cancer. Diagnosed in an advanced stage was revealed by most of the informants after they returned back to health facilities.
Effects of weight change and physical activity on knee pain and health-related quality of life in East Asian women aged 50 years and older with knee osteoarthritis: a population-based study
Authors: Chang Chongbum , Choi Young , Kang Seung-Baik , Chung Chin Youb , Park Moon Seok , Lee Kyoung Min
Published: August 2019

Background

This study aimed to investigate the effects of weight change and physical activity on the level of knee pain and health-related quality of life in East Asian women with knee osteoarthritis using population-based data.

Methods

A total of 564 women (mean age, 68.2 years, standard deviation, 8.9 years) aged 50 years or older with knee osteoarthritis (Kellgren-Lawrence grade ≥2) were included in the data analyses from the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Data regarding the radiographic grade, weight change during the past year, physical activity, level of knee pain, and health-related quality of life (EuroQOL five-dimension [EQ-5D] index) were collected. Multiple regression analysis was performed to identify factors significantly affecting the level of knee pain and health-related quality of life in subgroups according to the body mass index (BMI) range (≤22.5, between 22.6 and 27.5, and >27.5 kg/m2).

Result

In women with 22.5 kg/m227.5 kg/m2, weekly hours of moderate-intensity activity showed significant negative correlation with EQ-5D.

Conclusions

The effects of weight change and physical activity on knee pain and health-related quality of life could be different according to BMI ranges. Well-designed interventions to improve both knee pain and health-related quality of life need to be investigated in future studies that would assess physical activity, diet, and weight changes.
Mass cytometry identifies the source of cellular and functional changes of gene expression profiles associated with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis mortality
Authors: Li Qin , Sun Jiehuan , Raddassi Khadir , Pan Hongyi , Yan Xiting , Ren Shelly , Zhao Hongyu , Tzouvelekis Argyrios , Montgomery Ruth , Herzog Erica , Kaminski Naftali , Herazo-Maya Jose David
Published: August 2019

Background
We have previously identified a 52-gene signature that distinguishes Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) patients with low and high risk genomic profiles with significant differences in mortality. Here, we aimed to apply mass cytometry to characterize phenotypic and functional differences in immune cells between controls and IPF patients with low and high-risk genomic profiles based on the 52-gene signature.
Methods
PBMCs from 20 subjects, including 9 low-risk, 6 high-risk and 5 controls were barcoded with unique palladium-based combinatorial labels and stained as a single multiplexed sample using mass cytometry. 30 antibodies were studied simultaneously. K-means clustering was used to classify cell events into cell subsets. Differences in immune cell subpopulations were examined by generalized linear mixed-effects model. Linear mixed-effects model was used for differential analysis of functional targets in each individual cell subset between groups.
Results
Compared to controls, IPF patients were characterized by significantly increased number of classical monocytes, mDCs, activated Th and Tc cells, and decreased naïve Th cells. We observed a significantly higher frequency of classical monocytes in IPF patients with high versus low risk genomic profiles. Significantly increased levels of CD121b and decreased levels of CD28, LCK, ICOS, CD127, CD96 and ETS1 were observed in monocytes, T-cells, B-cells and granulocytes in high-risk compared to low-risk IPF suggesting these cells as the source of our previously identified gene expression findings.
Conclusions
Our study identified novel immune aberrations in IPF patients and the source of cellular and functional changes of genomic risk profiles associated with IPF mortality.
Análise dialógica dos níveis, dimensões e indicadores de sustentabilidade
Authors: Feil Alexandre André , Schreiber Dusan
Published: August 2019

Este estudo objetiva realizar uma análise crítica dos níveis, das dimensões e dos indicadores de sustentabilidade. A metodologia utilizada é a qualitativa e bibliográfica. Os principais resultados revelam que os níveis de sustentabilidade vinculam-se à substituição do capital natural (ou não) por outros capitais existentes, e o nível mais adequado na prática compreenderia um meio termo entre o nível forte e fraco de sustentabilidade. As dimensões Triple Bottom Line (TBL) da sustentabilidade referem-se à delimitação da área de abrangência, já a sustentabilidade centra-se na vitalidade dos sistemas, mantendo, protegendo e preservando-os. A análise do processo de elaboração e identificação dos indicadores de sustentabilidade revela que se deve observar as qualidades desejáveis e suas características, utilizando, de forma híbrida, a abordagem top-down e bottom-up. Portanto, salienta-se que os conceitos desses termos da sustentabilidade são escassos e dispersos na literatura. Dessa forma, este estudo compilou o conceito desses termos, corroborando com demais estudos centrados neste tema.
Paisagem, turismo ecológico, florística e uso da flora rupícola da Serra do Jatobá, Paraíba, Brasil
Authors: Felix Cattleya do Monte Pessoa , Felix Leonardo Pessoa , Almeida Erton Mendonça de , Lucena Camilla Marques de , Lucena Reinaldo Farias Paiva de
Published: August 2019

A Serra do Jatobá constitui um monólito localizado a 10 km do Município de Serra Branca. Destaca-se do relevo suavemente ondulado da região, com uma cobertura vegetal composta principalmente por plantas rupícolas. Neste trabalho foi realizado um levantamento florístico, paisagístico e dos usos atuais e potenciais da flora desse local. Também foi levantada a ocorrência de espécies raras e seu potencial para uso como planta ornamental. O afloramento apresenta diferentes microambientes, destacando-se sulcos, fendas e tanques ou caldeirões, todos resultantes da atividade erosiva, caracterizados pela presença de espécies exclusivas. Foi levantado um total de 41 espécies distribuídas por 33 gêneros e 20 famílias localmente exclusivas. A análise da paisagem e do componente florístico confirmou o potencial deste afloramento para uso em atividades de turismo ecológico e de aventura. Das 41 espécies levantadas, 21 têm diversas utilizações atuais e potenciais referidas pela literatura, especialmente em revistas de medicina, farmácia, etnobotânica e fitoquímica. Dentre estas, 11 espécies foram referidas como medicinais seguidas por outros usos, forragem e tóxicas. Mandevilla dardanoi foi a única espécie rara do afloramento, sendo conhecida anteriormente apenas para o Estado de Pernambuco. Ophioglossum aff. nudicaule é possivelmente uma nova espécie e, juntamente com a ocorrência de uma espécie rara, sugere que a Serra do Jatobá deve ser considerada área prioritária para a conservação. Além disto, o turismo ecológico poderá ser uma alternativa viável que contribuirá para a manutenção da biodiversidade, podendo ser uma nova alternativa econômica para as comunidades do entorno.
Investigation of Bioactive Compounds on Relict Endemic Ajuga relicta P. H. Davis (Lamiaceae) from Turkey
Authors: ÇÖMLEKCİOĞLU Nazan , KOCABAŞ Yusuf Ziya , AYGAN Ashabil
Published: August 2019

Species belonging to genus Ajuga
(Lamiaceae) have been used to treat many diseases in traditional medicine.
The plants of the genus Ajuga have
been reported to have antifungal, antibacterial, antimycobacterial, antihypertensive,
antiplasmodial, hypoglycaemic, and larvae and insect activity. Ajuga relicta is a relict endemic plant
which grows only in Kahramanmaras. The total phenolic contents of the extracts
have been quantified with Folin Ciocalteu colorimetric method, and the
antioxidant activities of the extracts have been tested with DPPH, and FRAP.
Antimicrobial activities of plant extracts were determined by the
well-diffusion method against seven bacteria and four yeasts. Besides, the
fatty acid composition was determined in GC-MS. As a result of GC-MS analysis
of the oil obtained from the A. relicta
extracts, 21 different fatty acids were identified. The highest contents of
these fatty acids were palmitic acid (29.50%), oleic acid (23.51%), stearic
acid (9.13%) and linoleic acid (7.18%). Total phenolic value of plant extract
was 11.94 mg/g, total flavonoid amount 2.28 mg/g, FRAP value 43.53 μg/g and
DPPH value 1.63 mg/g. Antimicrobial activity experiment on a total of 11
microorganisms (seven bacteria and four yeast) showed that Ajuga extracts inhibited the growth of tested microorganisms except
Enterobacter cloacae, Candida glabrata
and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A. relicta was
found to have high bioactive content and antimicrobial activity. The plant
extracts are rich in constant fatty acids and similar to olive oil
(palmitic-oleic-linoleic), which is well known for its health benefits in terms
of major fatty acids.
Developing ergonomics-based practice system to improve students’ typing skills
Authors: Kasiani - , Yusuf M.
Published: August 2019

Increased competence must exist in vocational education. Less measurability of competency typing and convenience in using the computer laboratory becomes a problem for the Department of Business Administration, Bali State Polytechnic. For that, we need a system repair work practice typing on the student. This research was conducted at the Department of Business Administration computer laboratory  Bali State Polytechnic. The method used is experiment with design group within - treatment (same subject). A total sample of 28 students of the 2nd semester and are taking practice typing. Competence is measured from the speed and accuracy in typing. Comfortable measured by questionnaires of practice comfort, and fatigue measured using a 30 item questionnaire of fatigue. Data of fatigue and comfortable were analyzed using the non-parametric Wilcoxon test and data of typed competence analyzed using t- paired test at the 95% significance level. Results of this research showed that there was a decrease in fatigue student practice 28.10%, decrease in musculoskeletal complaints 31.14%, increase in comfortable 39.63%,  increase in typing speed competence the 27.31%, and an increase in typing accuracy competence 5, 10%. It was concluded that the improvement of work practices system can reduce fatigue and musculoskeletal complaints of students and increase typing comfort and competence of students in the Department of Business Administration Bali State Polytechnic.
Diet Composition and Feeding Strategy of Nemipterus japonicus Bloch, 1791 from Tha-baw-seik, Myanmar
Authors: Htwe Aung Thet
Published: August 2019

Food composition of Nemipterus japonicus was studied by analyzing about 600 specimens from Tha-baw-seik (Lat. 14° 05' and long. 98° 05' E), Myanmar during October 2016 to September 2017. Based on the stomach content analysis, the relative importance index (IRI value) was calculated, and the predator feeding strategies were conducted during the study period. This study showed that N. japonicus is a generally demersal carnivore, and its trophic spectrum was composed of 23 food items. Among them, algae had not been described as a food item for N. Japonicus in the other previous studies. Crustaceans were the most dominant diet in the guts in term of the IRI value. Also, fish items were commonly the most dominant food followed by prawn, crab, and Acetes spp in all length groups but sex variation had no significant food changes with their IRI value.
Synthesis of new Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase I inhibitors derivatives of C75
Authors: Makowski Kamil , Mera Paula , Ariza Javier , Serra Dolors , Garcia Jordi , Herrero Laura , López Marta , Venegas Alicia
Published: August 2019

Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase (CPT1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the transport of fatty acids from the cytosol into the mitochondria. CPT1 inhibition in the hypothalamus increases fatty acid levels, which produces an increased expression of anorexigenic neuropeptides, a sign of satiety. C75 acts as an antiobesity predrug. In vivo C75, is converted into C75-CoA adduct, which is a potent inhibitor of CPT1 and produces a loss of appetite and body weight. In this work, we present three new derivatives of C75, where the carboxylic group is replaced by a carnitine unit, malonic group, and a hydroxyl group with changes from trans to cis relative stereochemistry. Our results suggest that introducing a bigger group than carboxylic in β position or cis relative configuration of the lactone leads to a decrease of CPT1 inhibitory activity.
Comparative analysis of the effect of some organic manure on soil microorganisms
Authors: Maduka, C.M , Chukwuma Great Udensi,
Published: August 2019

This study showed that the abundance of different microbial groups was general in soil with amendments in comparison to soils without amendments. It was discovered that soils with organic manures were rich in bacteria and fungi diversity when compared with soil without organic manure, which recorded low microbial counts. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were widely distributed in this study. The soil treatment which had Cow dung showed highest microbial count and heights for growth of maize seeds, and the compost manure soil treatment followed this, and the poultry manure soil treatment was next. This suggests that the higher the fertility in amended soils is revealed in the heights of the maize plant grown and colony counts. Plant height recorded under various amendments showed significant differences (p<0.05).