bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study on the Mechanism of Action of Galangal in the Treatment of Gastric Cancer Using Network Pharmacology Technology
Authors: Tao Ali , Feng Xuehua , Song Zurong , Xu Rui , Zhao Ying
Published: October 2022

To study the mechanism of galangal in the treatment of gastric cancer by network pharmacology. The TCMSP database was used to collect the effective compounds and potential targets of galangal, and the genes associated with gastric cancer were obtained through the GeneCards database, and Venn obtained the interaction genes of the effective compound targets of galangal and gastric cancer targets, plotted the interaction genes into PPI networks, and screened out key targets. The interacting genes were imported into Metascape database for GO enrichment analysis and KEGG signal enrichment. A total of 13 active compounds and 207 potential downstream target genes were screened by TCMSP database. Have 5222 gastric cancer target genes through GeneCards database, there were a total of 150 interactive genes and 6 key genes: TP53, AKT1, JUN, HSP90AA1, IL6, and CASP3. These interacting genes involved 30 typical GO entries and 20 KEGG signals. Galangal may play a role in the treatment of gastric cancer by means of multi-component, multi-target and multi-signal pathway.
Encapsulation of Bilberry Extract with Maltodextrin and Gum Arabic by Freeze-Drying: Formulation, Characterisation, and Storage Stability
Authors: Todorović Ana , Šturm Luka , Salević-Jelić Ana , Lević Steva , Osojnik Črnivec Ilja Gasan , Prislan Iztok , Skrt Mihaela , Bjeković Ana , Poklar Ulrih Nataša , Nedović Viktor
Published: October 2022

Anthocyanins are polyphenolic plant pigments associated with antioxidant and health-promoting properties. However, their application in the food industry is limited due to their poor stability. The purpose of this study was to encapsulate anthocyanin-rich bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) extract by freeze-drying and to investigate the effects of different wall materials and extract contents on the physicochemical and bioactive properties of the obtained encapsulates. Ethanolic bilberry extract was encapsulated with the use of maltodextrin (16.5–19.5 DE) (MD), gum Arabic (GA), and their combination in a 1:1 w/w ratio (MIX). Bilberry solids to wall material ratios were examined at 20:80, 30:70, and 40:60. All encapsulates showed an attractive red colour and low water activity values (aw ≤ 0.3) that indicated a low risk of microbial spoilage. In general, the biggest losses of total phenolic compounds and anthocyanins during three-week storage in the dark and at room temperature (20 ± 2 °C) were detected in the case of encapsulates with a higher content of bilberry extract (MIX30 and MIX40, and GA30 and GA40, respectively). The use of maltodextrin provided the best protection to bilberry anthocyanins during forced storage. Overall, the obtained encapsulates show suitable potential for the development of food products with added nutritional benefits.
Synthesis, In Silico, and In Vitro Biological Evaluation of New Furan Hybrid Molecules
Authors: Manolov Stanimir , Ivanov Iliyan , Bojilov Dimitar , Nedialkov Paraskev
Published: October 2022

Herein, we report the synthesis of new hybrid molecules between furan and N-containing heterocyclic compounds such as pyrrolidine, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline, and piperidine. The obtained compounds were fully characterized using 1H- and 13C-NMR, UV-Vis, and HRMS spectra. All compounds were assessed for their anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, antioxidant, reducing power ability, and chelating activity. The less lipophilic molecules H2 (60.1 ± 8.16) and H4 (62.23 ± 0.83) had almost 12 times higher ATA compared with the used ketoprofen (720.57 ± 19.78) standard. The inhibition of albumin denaturation results makes the newly obtained hybrids potential anti-inflammatory drugs, as the expressed values are higher than the ketoprofen standard (126.58 ± 5.00), except H3 (150.99 ± 1.16). All four compounds show significant activity regarding the in vitro biological activities, which makes them great candidates for potential future drugs.
The Optimization of a First-Stage Liquid-Sealing Impeller Structure for a Turbopump Based on Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Liu Qiong , Zhuang Suguo , Bao Haifeng , He Zhoufeng , Wang Kai , Liu Houlin
Published: October 2022

This study investigated the sealing performance of the multistage liquid-sealing impellers of a turbopump. To achieve this purpose, the influence of each structural parameter in the impeller on the pressurization coefficient φ2 and the leakage flow rate Q was analyzed based on response surface methodology, taking the maximum pressurization coefficient φ2 and the minimum leakage flow rate Q as the optimization objectives. We obtained satisfactory ranges for parameters φ2 and Q. A set of parameter combinations was selected as the optimization scheme using the Box–Behnken method for the optimal solution design. The numerical simulation results show that to keep φ2 and Q in the better range, the value ranges of groove width b, groove depth h and groove number z should be (12.8–14 mm), (4.5–5.6 mm) and (23.5–28), respectively. Compared with the original model, the optimized version has an average increase of about 2.5% in pressurization coefficient φ2 at each rotation speed, an average of about 8.2% reduction in the leakage flow rate Q in the leakage state and an average increase in the reverse flow rate Q by about 6.7% in the negative pressure sealing state, indicating better sealing. By comparing pressure data at the experimental monitoring points, the proposed method was verified to have a high degree of confidence.
Microbial Prospection for Bioherbicide Production and Evaluation of Methodologies for Maximizing Phytotoxic Activity
Authors: Schein Dinalva , Santos Maicon S. N. , Schmaltz Silvana , Nicola Luiz E. P. , Bianchin Cristiane F. , Ninaus Renata G. , Menezes Bryan B. de , Santos Ricardo C. dos , Zabot Giovani Leone , Tres Marcus V. , Mazutti Marcio A.
Published: October 2022

The occurrence of several weeds in crops of high economic value directly affects grain yield. This scenario led to the mass investigation of chemical products that circumvent these adversities and provide control potential. Nonetheless, the excessive application of chemical herbicides has generated significant concerns about the environment. Accordingly, the adoption of alternative practices, such as the application of microbial metabolites, emerges as strategic control actions, having a sustainability bias and allowing the reduction of risks of human and animal contamination. Appropriately, this study proposed to conduct a microbial prospection of microorganisms capable of producing secondary metabolites to inhibit growth and generate phytotoxicity in weeds. Furthermore, to increase the herbicidal activity, different strategies were evaluated involving microbial co-cultivation and ultrasound-assisted extraction after fermentation. Accordingly, 63 microorganisms were isolated from weeds with disease symptoms and submitted separately to submerged fermentation. Initially, the bioherbicidal activity was evaluated in Cucumis sativus plants, and the most promising were applied in Amaranthus hybridus and Echinochloa crusgalli. Treatments with fermented broth obtained from co-cultivation and ultrasound-assisted extraction after the fermentation process indicated an inhibition of plant development. The most promising strains were A14.2 and B22.2 (Nigrospora sphaerica), B14 (Bacillus velezensis), and γ (Aspergillus flavus).
Microbial Biosensors for Wastewater Monitoring: Mini-Review
Authors: Rojas-Villacorta Walter , Rojas-Flores Segundo , De La Cruz-Noriega Magaly , Chinchay Espino Héctor , Diaz Felix , Gallozzo Cardenas Moises
Published: October 2022

Research on the use of microbial biosensors for monitoring wastewater contaminants is a topic that covers few publications compared to their applicability in other fields, such as biomedical research. For this reason, a systematic analysis of the topic was carried out, for which research-type articles were reviewed during the period 2012 to September 2022. For this, different search platforms were used, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Springer Link, and Scopus, and through the use of search equations a relevant bibliography was located. After that, the research articles were selected based on exclusion criteria. As a result, it was found that, of the 126 articles, only 16 articles were strictly related to the topic, since there was a duplication of articles among the different databases. It was possible to demonstrate the usefulness of microorganisms as components of biosensors to monitor BOD, heavy metals, and inorganic contaminants in wastewater that also had a high sensitivity. Additionally, recombinant DNA techniques were shown to improve the performance of this type of biosensor and can finally be coupled to other emerging technologies, such as microbial fuel cells (MFCs). In conclusion, it was established that microbial biosensors have high acceptability and monitoring characteristics that make them a useful tool to detect low concentrations of pollutants in wastewater that can also provide results in real-time, thus generating forms of ecological safety and social responsibility in companies where wastewater is generated.
Fault Diagnosis of Wind Turbine Main Bearing in the Condition of Noise Based on Generative Adversarial Network
Authors: Fu Zhixin , Zhou Zihao , Yuan Yue
Published: October 2022

In order to solve the problem that the fault classification accuracy of the main bearing of the wind turbine is not high due to the unbalanced vibration signal data of the main bearing of the wind turbine under the background of noise, this article proposes a double-layer fault diagnosis model for the main bearing of the wind turbine that combines the auxiliary classifier generation adversarial network (ACGAN) and the deep residual shrinkage network (DRSN). First, the wind turbine main bearing data is sent into the ACGAN to learn the distribution features of fault data, and a particular type of fault data is generated to expand the original dataset to achieve balance conditions, and then the expanded dataset is sent to the DRSN to reduce noise to improve the fault classification accuracy. The simulation results show that, compared with the traditional deep learning model, the model proposed in this article can significantly improve the classification accuracy of the main bearing fault of wind turbines under noise conditions, and also has a strong diagnosis ability in a state of datasets with different loads.
Anti-Obesity Activity in 3T3-L1 Cells of Cornus officinalis Fruits Harvested at Different Times
Authors: Lee Eun Suk , Choi Su Ji , Kim Hyung Don , Kang Min Hye , Ji Yun-Jeong , Kim Geum-Soog , Jang Gwi Yeong
Published: October 2022

Obesity, a metabolic disease linked to several other diseases, is emerging as a global problem. We determined the harvest time that maximized the anti-obesity effect by evaluating the inhibition of lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells treated with fruits of Cornus officinalis. FS1 (pericarp + seeds, harvested 15 September) showed excellent anti-obesity activity (Oil Red O; 26.12 ± 1.37% vs. MDI) and inhibited the expression of PPAR-γ (0.05 ± 0.01 ford vs. MDI), C/EBPα (0.03 ± 0.02 ford vs. MDI), and C/EBPβ (0.33 ± 0.07 ford vs. MDI) at 200 μg/mL. The antioxidant activity of FS1 was also the most effective. In addition, FS1 contained higher levels of active ingredients than samples harvested in other periods. Especially, content of loganin, verbenalin, and sweroside was high. In terms of anti-obesity activity and functional components, immature COF (FS1) was the best, and these results indicate that it is necessary to adjust the harvest time, when used as an anti-obesity agent.
Enhancing the Liquefied Petroleum Gas Sensing Sensitivity of Mn-Ferrite with Vanadium Doping
Authors: Abd-Elkader Omar H. , Al-Enizi Abdullah M. , Shaikh Shoyebmohamad F. , Ubaidullah Mohd , Abdelkader Mohamed O. , Mostafa Nasser Y.
Published: October 2022

Mn-Ferrite with a nanostructure is a highly valuable material in various technological fields, such as electronics, catalysis, and sensors. The proposed article presents the hydrothermal synthesis of Mn-ferrite doped with V (V) ions. The range of the doping level was from 0.0 to x to 0.20. The fluctuation in tetrahedral and octahedral site occupancies with Fe (III), Mn (II), and V (V) ions was coupled to the variation in unit cell dimensions, saturation magnetization, and LPG sensing sensitivity. The total magnetic moment shows a slow decrease with V-doping up to x = 0.1 (Ms = 51.034 emu/g), then sharply decreases with x = 0.2 (Ms = 34.789 emu/g). The dimension of the unit cell increases as x goes up to x = 0.1, then lowers to x = 0.2. As the level of V (V) ion substitution increases, the microstrain (ε) also begins to rise. The ε of a pure MnFe2O4 sample is 3.4 × 10−5, whereas for MnFe2−1.67 xVxO4 (x = 0.2) it increases to 28.5 × 10−5. The differential in ionic sizes between V (V) and Fe (III) and the generation of cation vacancies contribute to the increase in ε. The latter is created when a V (V) ion replaces 1.6 Fe (III) ions. V-doped MnFe2O4 displays improved gas-sensing ability compared to MnFe2O4 at lower operating temperature. The maximum sensing efficiency was observed for 2 wt% V-doped MnFe2O4 at a 200 °C optimum operating temperature.
Towards Autonomous Process Control—Digital Twin for HIV-Gag VLP Production in HEK293 Cells Using a Dynamic Metabolic Model
Authors: Helgers Heribert , Hengelbrock Alina , Rosengarten Jamila Franca , Stitz Jörn , Schmidt Axel , Strube Jochen
Published: October 2022

Despite intensive research over the last three decades, it has not yet been possible to bring an effective vaccine against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the resulting acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) to market. Virus-like particles (VLP) are a promising approach for efficient and effective vaccination and could play an important role in the fight against HIV. For example, HEK293 (human embryo kidney) cells can be used to produce virus-like particles. In this context, given the quality-by-design (QbD) concept for manufacturing, a digital twin is of great importance for the production of HIV-Gag-formed VLPs. In this work, a dynamic metabolic model for the production of HIV-Gag VLPs was developed and validated. The model can represent the VLP production as well as the consumption or formation of all important substrates and metabolites. Thus, in combination with already described process analytical technology (PAT) methods, the final step towards the implementation of a digital twin for process development and design, as well as process automation, was completed.
Removal of Hydrogen Sulfide and Ammonia Using a Biotrickling Filter Packed with Modified Composite Filler
Authors: Wang Yue , Cui Ruoqi , Jiang Hairong , Bai Miao , Lin Kaizong , Zhang Minglu , Ren Lianhai
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of laboratory-scale biotrickling filters (BTFs) packed with composite filler and pine bark filler under different operating conditions in purifying mixed gas containing H2S and NH3. The composite filler was prepared with modified activated carbon and loaded with functional microbes, using the microbial immobilization technology combined with a nutrient sustained-release composite filler. The results showed that the composite filler could better adapt to low empty bed retention time (EBRT) and high inlet concentration than the pine bark filler. When EBRT was 40 s and the inlet load was 41 g/m3·h, the NH3 removal efficiency of the composite filler was kept above 80%, and when the inlet load was 61.5 g/m3·h, it could be stabilized at about 60%. When EBRT exceeds 34 s, the H2S removal efficiency of the two BTFs was maintained at 100%. Yet, when EBRT was 34 s, the H2S removal efficiency of the bark filler BTF dropped to <80%. The microbial diversity and richness of the bark filler BTF were significantly higher than those of the composite filler BTF, which had higher community similarity under each working condition. However, the proportion of predominant bacteria in the composite filler BTF was higher than that of the bark filler BTF. As the inlet load increased, the diversity of predominant bacteria of the composite filler BTF increased, which means that the predominant bacteria were less inhibited by high-concentration odorous gases. The predominant bacteria with deodorizing function in the composite filler BTF included Pseudomonas, Comamonas, and Trichococcus, which might jointly complete nitrogen’s nitrification and denitrification processes. The proportion of these three bacteria in the composite filler BTF was higher than in the bark filler BTF.
Anti-Oxidative and Anti-Diabetic Effects of Electrolyzed Weakly Alkaline Reduced Water on Renal Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cells
Authors: Sharma Subham , Lee Kyu-Jae , Bajgai Johny , Trinh Thuy Thi , Antonio Jayson M. , Rahman Md. Habibur , Vira Kchorng , Sofian Abdul-Nasir , Cho Syung Hyun , Kim Cheol-Su , Kim Yundeok
Published: October 2022

Diabetes, a chronic metabolic disorder, affects glucose consumption in the body and leads to severe kidney damage, known as diabetic nephropathy, where oxidative stress (OS) plays a vital role in disease pathogenesis. Electrolyzed weakly alkaline reduced water (EWARW) is known to have anti-oxidative functions in vitro due to its bioactive properties. However, there is an increasing need for adequate research on EWARW-specific therapies to minimize the negative consequences of hyperglycemia-induced OS in the kidney. This study aimed to determine the anti-oxidative and anti-diabetic effects of EWARW at pH 8.5 on human kidney-2 (HK-2) cells. Here, HK-2 cells were treated with 71.68 mM glucose to induce OS and then treated with 10% tap water (TW)_7.7, electrolyzed alkaline reduced water (EARW)_9.5, or EARW_8.5 for 24 h. After treatment, cell viability, OS and apoptotic markers, glucose uptake, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content, and inflammatory markers were assessed to determine the effect of EARW_8.5. Our results revealed that EARW_8.5 rescued cell viability in comparison to the high glucose (HG) only and TW_7.7 groups. In addition, EARW_8.5 was effective in reducing OS markers (ROS, NO, and CAT), apoptotic markers (cleaved caspase-3), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) markers (p-JNK and p-p38), diabetic markers (glucose uptake), and inflammatory markers (p-STAT1, p-STAT3, IL-1β, and IL-6). Furthermore, we found EARW_8.5 treatment enhanced GPx and ATP content in HG-induced HK-2 cells compared to the HG-only and TW_7.7 groups. Collectively, EARW_8.5 stabilized antioxidant defenses and modulated inflammation, improving cellular metabolism and rescuing HG-induced harmful effects in HK-2 cells.
Preparation of Rice Bran Protein (RBP) Powder Using Spray Drying Method at the Optimal Condition and Its Protein Quality
Authors: Mansor Mohd Rizuan , Md Sarip Mohd Sharizan , Nik Daud Nik Muhammad Azhar , Saidi Syahrul Affandi , Mohd Nawi Mohd Al Hafiz , Jamlos Mohd Aminudin
Published: October 2022

Rice bran is a by-product of the rice milling process. It contains a high concentration of protein. Rice brans are frequently utilized as feed cattle, fertilizer, and fuel. However, their application as human nutrition supplements is uncommon, and the necessary process for this purpose is yet to be established, including the drying process. This study aims to evaluate the effect of the spray-drying parameters, the inlet temperature, inlet flowrate, and inlet air flowrate, on rice bran protein (RBP) powder and optimize it using response surface methodology (RSM). A thermal water-based extraction method was utilized prior to the drying process. The correlation between the spray-drying parameters, i.e., the inlet temperature (120 to 210 °C), feed flowrate (5 to 55%), and air flowrate (246 to 670 L/h), and the RBP yield were investigated. The quality of the RBP powder was evaluated based on acid amino profiling in the mixture through de novo peptide sequencing. The optimized operating conditions for the maximum yield of RBP powder (25.7 g RBP/100 g RRB) are 178 °C, feed flowrate of 25%, and air flowrate of 450 L/h. The main peptides that contribute to RBP powder protein are globulin and glutelin; meanwhile, prolamin is believed to degrade during the drying process. The process also produced protein sugar, helping to produce fine particles powder without the drying agent.
Adsorption of NH3 and NO2 Molecules on Sn-Doped and Undoped ZnO (101) Surfaces Using Density Functional Theory
Authors: Dima Ratshilumela S. , Tshwane David Magolego , Shingange Katekani , Modiba Rosinah , Maluta Nnditshedzeni E. , Maphanga Rapela R.
Published: October 2022

The adsorption and interaction mechanisms of gaseous molecules on ZnO surfaces have received considerable attention because of their technological applications in gas sensing. The adsorption behavior of NH3 and NO2 molecules on undoped and Sn-doped ZnO (101) surfaces was investigated using density functional theory. The current findings revealed that both molecules adsorb via chemisorption rather than physisorption, with all the adsorption energy values found to be negative. The calculated adsorption energy revealed that the adsorption of the NH3 molecule on the bare ZnO surface is more energetically favorable than the adsorption of the NO2 molecule. However, a stable adsorption configuration was discovered for the NO2 molecule on the surface of the Sn-doped ZnO surface. Furthermore, the adsorption on the undoped surface increased the work function, while the adsorption on the doped surface decreased. The charge density redistribution showed charge accumulation and depletion on both adsorbent and adsorbate. In addition, the density of states and band structures were studied to investigate the electronic behavior of NH3 and NO2 molecules adsorbed on undoped and Sn-doped ZnO (101) surfaces.
Evaluation of The Antioxidant Capacity of Food Products: Methods, Applications and Limitations
Authors: Sadowska-Bartosz Izabela , Bartosz Grzegorz
Published: October 2022

Assays of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) are popular in the analysis of food products. This review presents the most popular assays of TAC and their limitations, databases of TAC of food products, their application in clinical studies, and the effect of processing on the TAC of food. The importance of sample preparation for TAC assays and striking effects of digestion in the gastrointestinal tract on the TAC of food are discussed. Critical opinions on the validity of food TAC assays are considered. It is concluded that TAC methods can be useful as screening assays for food quality control and as low-cost, high-throughput tools used to discover potential antioxidant sources and follow changes in the content of antioxidants during food processing. However, effects revealed by TAC assays should be followed and explained using more specific methods.
Optimization of Total Saponin Extraction from Polyscias fruticosa Roots Using the Ultrasonic-Assisted Method and Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Khoang Le Trung , Huyen Hoang Thi Thu , Chung Huynh Van , Duy Le Xuan , Toan Tran Quoc , Bich Hoang Thi , Minh Pham Thi Hong , Pham Dung Thuy Nguyen , Hien Tran Thien
Published: October 2022

Polyscias fruticosa (L.) Harms is commonly used for medicinal purposes in Vietnam. In traditional medicine, the plant is used to cure ischemia, reduce inflammation, and increase cerebral blood circulation. Triterpene saponins are the major chemical constituents found in the roots of P. fruticosa. This compound exhibited a broad spectrum of biological effects, including lowering blood sugar, suppressing tumor growth and inflammation. This study focused on optimizing the process of total saponins extraction from P. fruticosa roots using the ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) method, ethanol solvent and response surface methodology, and Box–Behnken design model, then evaluating the cytotoxic effect against some cancer cell lines. The results showed that under the optimal conditions, including an extraction temperature of 60 °C and ultrasonic power of 185 W in 65 min, the maximum extraction yield and total saponin content were 14.51 ± 1.15% and 41.24 ± 1.68 mg/g, respectively. Moreover, the saponin extract had cytotoxic effects against A549, HepG2, PC-3, and Hela. The results of this study confirmed that triterpene saponin is an important chemical component which is present in a high content in P. fruticosa roots and gives rise to significant biological activities. In addition, UAE can be used as a highly efficient method for triterpene saponins extraction from P. fruticosa roots.
Policy Evaluation and Policy Style Analysis of Ride-Hailing in China from the Perspective of Policy Instruments: The Introduction of a TOE Three-Dimensional Framework
Authors: Li Xintao , Zhang Shuochen , Liu Diyi , Cheng Tongshun , Zhang Zaisheng
Published: October 2022

Online ride-hailing in China brings convenience for the public, but it has caused several problems, such as inadequate supervision, data security risks, and financial risks. This new industry has also disrupted the traditional taxi market. China’s government implemented some policies, which were initially disorderly tightening, and then formed the policy system responding to various needs for tackling these issues gradually. There were some policy fluctuations and regulatory effects during this period, therefore, it is imminent to evaluate the online ride-hailing policy text. In this paper, we took 43 online ride-hailing policies as samples, with the consideration of policy instruments and statistical inspection methods. In this paper, we also constructed an innovative three-dimensional analysis framework by combining content analysis, and further identify the ride-hailing policy development during different stages of development periods (2016–2022). Digging into the problems existing in the new online ride-hailing, policies were drawn by module division, unit coding, inductive statistics, the quantitative evaluation of policy text content, and TOE (technology-organization-environment) style analysis. Finally, we provide insightful policy recommendations for online ride-hailing policies, committed to providing theoretical support and a decision-making basis for governance policies in the transportation industry.
Investigation of Heat Recovery Potential According to Flue Gas Field Measurements in Solid Fuel-Fired Buildings with District and Central Heating Systems
Authors: Kon Okan , Caner İsmail
Published: October 2022

In this study, flue gas heat recovery potential was determined by using the flue gas measurements from boilers of buildings with solid fuel-fired district and central heating systems in Balikesir, Turkey. Potential flue gas heat recovery potential in terms of energy savings were examined. The potential of heating the preheated water and combustion air supplied to the boiler was analyzed. Thus, the efficiency of the heating system was increased, and energy savings were achieved by providing fuel savings. In order to reduce the flue gas temperature in solid fuel-fired boilers, the acidification temperature, fuel properties and excess air coefficient should be known. Below the acidification temperature, corrosion and other adverse effects may occur in the flue and in the heat exchanger. In this study, acidification temperature and fuel and combustion characteristics of coal were taken into account. Generally, seven types of coal are used for heating purposes in Balikesir province. Thus, flue gas heat recovery potential was determined for these seven types of coal. In terms of energy savings, the recovery potential in Balikesir province was calculated to be between 287,706 and 152,780 kW.
Risk Factors and Changes in Depression and Anxiety over Time in New Zealand during COVID-19: A Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Law Mikaela , Gasteiger Norina , Vedhara Kavita , Massey Adam , Jia Ru , Ayling Kieran , Chalder Trudie , Coupland Carol , Broadbent Elizabeth
Published: October 2022

This longitudinal study investigated changes in and risk factors for anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic in a New Zealand cohort. Online surveys were distributed to 681 participants at three time-points: May 2020 (Time 1), August–September 2020 (Time 2), and March–April 2021 (Time 3). Participants completed measures of anxiety and depression, alongside measures of possible risk/protective factors. A total of 261 participants completed all three surveys and were included in analyses. Depression and anxiety reduced over time; however, levels were still significantly higher than pre-pandemic norms. Being younger, having a prior mental health disorder, experiencing negative life events due to COVID-19, and being a pet owner were risk factors for poorer depression and anxiety, whereas having higher positive mood was protective. This study demonstrates persisting negative effects of the pandemic on anxiety and depression in a context of low transmission and highlights the importance of providing psychological help to those most at risk.
A Systematic Study into the Effects of Long-Term Multicomponent Training on the Cognitive Abilities of Older Adults with Neurodegenerative Disorders
Authors: Caldo-Silva Adriana , Vieira-Pedrosa Ana , Simões Joel , Monteiro-Júnior Renato Sobral , Pimenta Nuno , Sampaio António Rodrigues , Teques Pedro , Amoroso José Pedro , Furtado Guilherme Eustáquio
Published: October 2022

Cognition includes all processes through which a person becomes aware of their situation, needs, goals, and necessary actions. Regular specialized cognitive and neuromotor simulation exercises have improved various cognitive processes, including memory, speed of reasoning, and problem-solving skills. This review focuses on understanding the efficacy of long-term multicomponent exercise interventions to mitigate and delay the effects on cognitive abilities in older adults with neurodegenerative disorders. The main criteria for final studies were randomised controlled trials with a minimum of a 24-week intervention. The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, SCOPUS, B-On, Sport Discus, Scielo, APA PsycINFO, Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, Academic Search Complete, Medline (PubMed), ERIC, and Google Scholar databases were checked. The search occurred between April 2022 and July 2022. A total of 19 studies were used in this review. The initial search identified 6.835 studies. In the first screening, a total of 6474 studies were excluded. After this, 361 studies were analysed by co-authors and did not meet the specific final criteria and were excluded. In total, 19 studies were included in the final analysis, and 14 papers met all requirements previously defined.
Bi-Directional Associations of Affective States and Diet among Low-Income Hispanic Pregnant Women Using Ecological Momentary Assessment
Authors: Mason Tyler B. , Wang Wei-Lin , Bastain Theresa , O’Connor Sydney G. , Cabison Jane , Naya Christine H. , Chu Daniel , Eckel Sandrah P. , Habre Rima , Breton Carrie V. , Dunton Genevieve F.
Published: October 2022

Affective states play a role in dietary behaviors. Yet, little research has studied within-subjects associations between affect and diet during pregnancy. We examined the acute bidirectional relationships between affect and food intake and moderation by pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) in low-income, Hispanic pregnant women using ecological momentary assessment (EMA). Women (N = 57) completed four days of EMA during their first trimester. Women responded to five random prompts per day about their current affect and past two-hour food intake. Higher positive affect (PA) or lower negative affect (NA) predicted greater likelihood of fruit/vegetable consumption in the next two hours in women with lower pre-pregnancy BMI and lower likelihood in women with higher pre-pregnancy BMI. Higher PA predicted less likelihood of fast food consumption in the next two hours in women with lower pre-pregnancy BMI and slightly higher likelihood in women with higher pre-pregnancy BMI. Women with lower pre-pregnancy BMI had higher PA when they reported consuming chips/fries in the past two hours, and women with higher pre-pregnancy BMI had lower PA when they reported consumption of chips/fries in the past two hours. Results showed differential relationships between affect and food intake as a function of pre-pregnancy BMI.
Scientific Abstract to Full Paper: Publication Rate over a 3-Year Period in a Malaysian Clinical Research Conference
Authors: Hing Nicholas Yee Liang , Wong Xin Ci , Kuan Pei Xuan , Pathmanathan Mohan Dass , Abdul Rahman Mohd Aizuddin , Peariasamy Kalaiarasu M.
Published: October 2022

Background: The publication rates of abstracts after they were presented at the National Conference for Clinical Research (NCCR), a scientific conference held in Malaysia, was determined to gauge the scientific value of the conference, whilst providing comparative information with other scientific conferences. Methods: All the abstracts that were presented at the NCCR from 2014 to 2016 were analysed. Keywords from the abstract title, along with the first, second, and last author’s name, were searched via PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus to determine publication status. Results: A total of 320 abstracts were analysed. Of those, 57 abstracts (17.8%) were published. Almost 70% of published abstracts appeared in open access journals that charge article processing fees. Early publications (≤18 months from the conference date) had higher median journal impact factors compared to later publications. Approximately 42% of the published abstracts had collaborations with the Institute for Clinical Research (ICR) or Clinical Research Centres (CRCs). An increasing number of authors in an abstract and having the first author from a research centre, reduced and increased the odds of publication, respectively. Conclusions: The NCCR publication rate is lower compared to the reported average in other scientific conferences abroad. More encouragement and support to publish should be provided to the presenting authors. Clinicians should also be encouraged to collaborate with research centres such as those from the ICR or CRCs to boost publication likelihoods.
Do Papers with Japanese Authors Have a Different Number of Authors? A Follow-Up Study after 25 Years and Implication for Other Countries
Authors: Akabayashi Akira , Nakazawa Eisuke , Mori Katsumi
Published: October 2022

A follow-up study was conducted 25 years after the 1997 British Medical Journal report. Articles with at least one Japanese author were defined as ‘Article by Japanese’ and those with no Japanese authors were defined as ‘Article by Non-Japanese’. The number of authors per article for the years 2000, 2010, and 2020 in Circulation, Circulation Research, and the Japanese Circulation Journal was studied. Results are: (1) In all journals and all years covered, ‘Article by Japanese’ had more authors per article than ‘Article by Non-Japanese’. Twenty-five years later, the results were similar. (2) Comparison by year revealed that all journals showed increases with time in the number of authors per article. We have discussed the problem of the Science Council of Japan’s statement, influence on practising physicians and sample providers, and influence on international collaborations. This 25-year follow-up study highlights once again the need for global discussions on the qualifications for authorship in research studies.
Coarse-Graining of Observables
Authors: Gudder Stan
Published: October 2022

We first define the coarse-graining of probability measures in terms of stochastic kernels. We define when a probability measure is part of another probability measure and say that two probability measures coexist if they are both parts of a single probability measure. We then show that any two probability measures coexist. We extend these concepts to observables and instruments and mention that two observables need not coexist. We define the discretization of an observable as a special case of coarse-graining and show that these have 0–1 stochastic kernels. We next consider finite observables and instruments and show that in these cases, stochastic kernels are replaced by stochastic matrices. We also show that coarse-graining is the same as post-processing in this finite case. We then consider sequential products of observables and discuss the sequential product of a post-processed observable with another observable. We briefly discuss SIC observables and the example of qubit observables.
Machine Learning with Quantum Matter: An Example Using Lead Zirconate Titanate
Authors: Rietman Edward , Schuum Leslie , Salik Ayush , Askenazi Manor , Siegelmann Hava
Published: October 2022

Stephen Wolfram (2002) proposed the concept of computational equivalence, which implies that almost any dynamical system can be considered as a computation, including programmable matter and nonlinear materials such as, so called, quantum matter. Memristors are often used in building and evaluating hardware neural networks. Ukil (2011) demonstrated a theoretical relationship between piezoelectrical materials and memristors. We review that work as a necessary background prior to our work on exploring a piezoelectric material for neural network computation. Our method consisted of using a cubic block of unpoled lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramic, to which we have attached wires for programming the PZT as a programmable substrate. We then, by means of pulse trains, constructed on-the-fly internal patterns of regions of aligned polarization and unaligned, or disordered regions. These dynamic patterns come about through constructive and destructive interference and may be exploited as a type of reservoir network. Using MNIST data we demonstrate a learning machine.
Multiporate Pollen of Poaceae as Bioindicator of Environmental Stress: First Archaeobotanical Evidence from the Early–Middle Holocene Site of Takarkori in the Central Sahara
Authors: Mercuri Anna Maria , Clò Eleonora , Florenzano Assunta
Published: October 2022

This paper reports on the most ancient unusual morphological trait of the apertures of Poaceae pollen found in archaeological layers. In Poaceae, high levels of hybridization, polyploidy, apomixis, and multiporate pollen are often related. Multiple genomes in polyploids are critical for the adaptation of plant species to stresses and could be revealed by anomalies in pollen development. Therefore, the paleoenvironmental research can gain great benefits from identifying polyploids in past contexts by observing anomalous pollen morphology during pollen counts. The occurrence of multiporate pollen in Poaceae has also been related to special features of the ecology of the species showing this anomaly, as well as to climatic and environmental stresses experienced by Poaceae living in a given region. Multiporate and bi- or tri-porate instead of monoporate pollen grains have been observed in samples taken from Takarkori rockshelter, an archaeological site in southwestern Libya (central Sahara) that has been occupied between ~10,200 and ~4650 cal BP. Multiporate pollen was found in organic sands and coprolites of ovicaprines. On the basis of archaeobotanical research, this work aims to investigate whether the presence of supernumerary pores in Poaceae pollen may be an effect of both climatic/hydrological changes and continued anthropogenic pressure on the wild grasses living in the region. The presence of multiporate pollen reveals that Poaceae that lived in central Sahara tackled several kinds of stress during the early and middle Holocene. The Takarkori pollen record suggests that climate change could have played a major role in the early Holocene, while human pressure became stronger during the middle Holocene. The change in environmental conditions determined adaptive responses of polyploid grasses even in the form of multiporate pollen.
Tracing Raw Material Sources of Prehistoric Stone Artefacts by Non-Invasive Techniques: The Case of the Early Bronze Age (3rd Mill. BCE) Site of Vathy, Astypalaia, Greece
Authors: Kokkaliari Maria , Adam Eugenia , Vlachopoulos Andreas , Iliopoulos Ioannis
Published: October 2022

Recent findings of archaeological research in the Vathy gulf area, Astypalaia Island, indicate its continuous habitation since prehistoric times, most importantly in the transitional period from the Final Neolithic to the Early Bronze Age (late 4th/early 3rd millennium BC). The evaluation of the prehistoric stone artefacts from Vathy using non-invasive analytical methods (Near Infrared Spectroscopy—NIR), in combination with the mineral-petrographic characterization of the main lithological formations of the island, is expected to provide important information about raw material procurement and possible exchange networks. The geological study of the island combined with the analytical methods applied to the archaeological artefacts and the geological samples led to the identification of both local and allogenic materials. The possible locations of raw material sources were established and the origin of allogenic materials was estimated. The stone artefacts made of local geo-materials consist mainly of calcitic sandstone, shale, marl, and limestone/marble, comprising the largest part of the lithological formations of the island, as well as pumice and volcanic rocks of varying chemical composition. By means of a portable microscope and NIR spectroscopy, we were further able to identify allogenic geo-materials including chalcedony, mica schist, bauxite and meta-bauxite, steatite, and paragonite. Based on the mineralogical and petrographic characterization of the stone artefacts, a first attempt is made to evaluate the possible raw material sources and to identify potential intra-island modes of stone exploitation.
Instantaneous Quantum Description of Photonic Wavefronts and Applications
Authors: Vatarescu Andre
Published: October 2022

Three physical elements are missing from the conventional formalism of quantum photonics: (1) the quantum Rayleigh spontaneous and stimulated emissions; (2) the unavoidable parametric amplification; and (3) the mixed time-frequency spectral structure of a photonic field which specifies its duration or spatial extent. As a single photon enters a dielectric medium, the quantum Rayleigh scattering prevents it from propagating in a straight-line, thereby destroying any possible entanglement. A pure dynamic and coherent state composed of two consecutive number states, delivers the correct expectation values for the number of photons carried by a photonic wave front, its complex optical field, and phase quadratures. The intrinsic longitudinal and lateral field profiles associated with a group of photons for any instantaneous number of photons are independent of the source. These photonic properties enable a step-by-step analysis of the correlation functions characterizing counting of coincident numbers of photons or intensities with unity visibility interference, spanning the classical and quantum optic regimes.
Potential Analysis of the Plastics Value Chain for Enhanced Recycling Rates: A Case Study in Iceland
Authors: Mager Moritz , Traxler Ines , Fischer Joerg , Finger David C.
Published: October 2022

In light of the circular economy gaining momentum, plastics recycling is regarded as a key solution to keep materials in the loop. Continuous efforts are needed to achieve the packaging waste recycling targets set by the European Union. Hence, this work evaluates the potential of the Icelandic plastics value chain for enhanced recycling rates. In addition to identifying the main challenges and opportunities, a feasibility study was conducted on the expansion of the deposit-return system to Skyr cups, allowing for closed-loop solutions. Based on the status quo, proposals for the improvement of the current waste and recycling system are made. Insights were acquired by semi-structured interviews with nine key stakeholders in Iceland, representing vital groups that influence the plastics value chain. The obtained answers followed the same trend, pointing out that a circular economy within the boundaries of Iceland is currently not feasible. This is mainly due to the strong dependence on international partners in all parts of the value chain except waste collection. However, major improvements are required to enhance the current waste collection rate of 28%. No conclusive evidence was found to justify the suitability of Skyr cups for the deposit-return system, as the disadvantages outweigh theoretically higher collection and recycling rates. Moreover, the extended producer responsibility scheme implemented with the Icelandic Recycling Fund is a valuable tool to enforce a design for recycling of products, enabling higher recycling rates. Despite one recycler operating in Iceland, Icelandic stakeholders consider sorting and treatment of mixed plastic waste as economically more efficient by collaborating with experts throughout Europe. Therefore, they expect that the current practice of exporting the majority of the domestic waste will prevail. On the contrary, the authors propose a comprehensive waste treatment and recycling scheme within Iceland, which requires a sorting step prior to three possible pathways, being (1) mechanical recycling, (2) alternative fuel, and (3) waste-to-energy. The aim of the proposed scheme is a reduction in greenhouse gas impact of plastics entering the waste stage by an efficient and flexible design of the relevant technologies within Iceland.
Music of the Spheres in Akbarian Sufism
Authors: Rašić Dunja
Published: October 2022

As per tradition, no human could hear the music of the spheres save for Pythagoras. Ibn ʿArabī, however, claimed he heard this music each time he prayed sincerely. This article examines how the Pythagorean concept of the music of the spheres came to be integrated and reinterpreted in Akbarian Sufism, with a special emphasis on Ibn ʿArabī’s notion of samāʻ and the modes of recreating the music of the spheres in Sufi gatherings.
Communication Challenges in the Crusade Period: A Survey
Authors: Menache Sophia
Published: October 2022

Considering communication as an analytical category provides new insights into crusading history. This paper investigates two main aspects, namely, (1) Papal propaganda campaigns, and (2) the communication challenges inherent in the development of the crusades and the Latin East. Both fields combined offer additional perspectives of the crusades while hinting at a twofold failure: vis-à-vis the European audiences, who throughout the thirteenth century were no longer receptive to the traditional papal message. Second, the almost complete lack of communication initiatives that could have facilitated a more fluent interchange across the Mediterranean and perhaps also retard if not obstruct the collapse of the Latin settlements Outremer. From a communication perspective, therefore, the papal policy encapsulated not only a propaganda fiasco but possibly also a communication blackout.