bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New ultrasonographic midtrimester scoring method for predicting spontaneous preterm birth in uncomplicated asymptomatic twin pregnancies
Authors: Sahin Erdem , Madendag Yusuf , Eraslan Sahin Mefkure , Col Madendag Ilknur , Kirlangic Mehmet Mete
Published: February 2022

Objectives

The aim of the present study was to evaluate a new ultrasonographic scoring method that could predict spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) in uncomplicated twin pregnancies during routine anomaly screening in the midtrimester.

Methods

This prospective study included women with a monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) or dichorionic diamniotic (DCDA) twin pregnancy gestational ages from 170/7 through 226/7. A new ultrasonographic score between 0 and 5 points was calculated using cervical length (CL), uterocervical angle (UCA), and cervical dilatation status during routine anomaly screening in the midtrimester. The primary outcome of the study was the prediction of sPTB < 32 and <34 gestational weeks.

Results

A total of 118 pregnant women with twins were evaluated, 31 of whom delivered before 34 gestational weeks an 87 of whom delivered after 34 gestational weeks. The sensitivity and specificity values were separately calculated for scores of 3.5 and 2.5 for predicting sPTB < 32 gestational weeks. The cut-off value of 3.5 provided a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 82%. When the score was 2.5, the sensitivity and specificity were 86 and 71%, respectively. To determine a score for predicting sPTB < 34 gestational week cut-off value of 3.5 provided a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 90%. When the score value was 2.5, the sensitivity and specificity of the method were 83 and 81%, respectively.

Conclusions

Our results indicated that the midtrimester new scoring is a simple technique that can be easily used as an improved tool for predicting the risk of sPTB in women with a twin pregnancy.
Vibration analysis for predictive maintenance and improved reliability of rotating machines in ETRR-2 research reactor
Authors: Haggag Said
Published: February 2022

In this work, both hardware and software modifications in a typical research reactor protection system (RPS) is proposed. The reactor cooling pumps are tripped based on vibrations safety signals of the pumps while the reactor SCRAM signal is initiated based on low flow rate and pressure drop across the reactor core which is a direct result of pumps trip. The main objective of this work is to develop reactor SCRAM signal based of core cooling pumps vibration signals. The early shutdown of the reactor based on pumps vibration signals is of significant importance not only in cooling the decay power of the reactor core after shutdown but also to prevent pumps failure. In the hardware model, the core cooling pumps vibration signals are feed to RPS to initiate reactor SCRAM signal. In the software model, a modular artificial neural network (ANN) is used in modeling the vibration monitoring of the research reactor (ETRR-2). The input and the output signals of the vibration transducer are used as a source data for training the neural network model. The type of the network used in this methodology is the supervised Multilayer Feed-Forward Neural Networks with the back-propagation (BP) algorithm. Vibration analysis programs are used in research reactors (RRs) to identify faults in machinery, plan machinery repairs, and keep machinery functioning for as long as possible without failure. The vibration severity limits are determined based on the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 10816. The ANNs were designed using two different methods; one is by using hardware application contained two out of three voting and dynamic modules for trip signal by using ANNs. The current model classifies the vibration signals into five ranges low, good, satisfactory, unsatisfactory, and unacceptable vibration. The ANN is trained to detect the signal and vote to take the correct and safe action. The results demonstrate that the ANN can help in taking predictive actions for the safe core coolant pumps operation.
Multi-component stress-strength model for Weibull distribution in progressively censored samples
Authors: Kohansal Akram , Shoaee Shirin , Nadarajah Saralees
Published: February 2022

One of the important issues is risk assessment and calculation in complex and multi-component systems.
In this paper, the estimation of multi-component stress-strength reliability for the Weibull distribution under the progressive Type-II censored samples is studied.
We assume that both stress and strength are two independent Weibull distributions with different parameters.
First, assuming the same shape parameter, the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), different approximations of Bayes estimators (Lindley’s approximation and Markov chain Monte Carlo method) and different confidence intervals (asymptotic and highest posterior density) are obtained.
In the case when the shape parameter is known, the MLE, uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimator (UMVUE), exact Bayes estimator and different confidence intervals (asymptotic and highest posterior density) are considered.
Finally, in the general case, the statistical inferences on multi-component stress-strength reliability are derived.
To compare the performances of different methods, Monte Carlo simulations are performed.
Moreover, one data set for illustrative purposes is analyzed.
Voice changes in reproductive disorders, thyroid disorders and diabetes: a review
Authors: Stogowska Ewa , Kamiński Karol Adam , Ziółko Bartosz , Kowalska Irina
Published: February 2022

The subject of vocal changes accompanying pathological conditions, although still not well explored, seems to be promising. The discovery of laryngeal receptors for sex hormones and thyroid hormones can strongly support the hypothesis of changes in voice due to various endocrinopathies. On the other hand, the impairment of the proper function of the vocal apparatus can also be caused in the process of the microvasculature complications of diabetes mellitus. This review was a comprehensive summary of the accessible literature concerning the influence of selected endocrinopathies on subjective and objective voice parameters. We analysed a total number of 16 English-language research papers from the PubMed database, released between 2008 and 2021, describing vocal changes in reproductive disorders such as polycystic ovary syndrome and congenital adrenal hyperplasia, thyroid disorders in shape of hypo- or hyperthyroidism and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The vast majority of the analysed articles proved some changes in voice in all mentioned conditions, although the detailed affected vocal parameters frequently differed between research. We assume that the main cause of the observed conflicting results might stem from non-homogeneous methodology designs of the analysed studies.
Effects of exercise and dietary intervention on muscle, adipose tissue, and blood IRISIN levels in obese male mice and their relationship with the beigeization of white adipose tissue
Authors: Li Jing , Yi Xuejie , Li Tao , Yao Tingting , Li Dongyang , Hu Guangxuan , Ma Yongqi , Chang Bo , Cao Shicheng
Published: February 2022

Background

Obesity is a growing problem worldwide, and newer therapeutic strategies to combat it are urgently required. This study aimed to analyze the effect of diet and exercise interventions on energy balance in mice and elucidate the mechanism of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma co-activator-1-alpha-IRISIN-uncoupling protein-1 (PGC-1α-IRISIN-UCP-1) pathway in the beigeization of white adipose tissue.

Methods

Four-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into normal (NC) and high-fat diet (HFD) groups. After 10 weeks of HFD feeding, obese mice were randomly divided into obesity control (OC), obesity diet control (OD), obesity exercise (OE), and obesity diet control exercise (ODE) groups. Mice in OE and ODE performed moderate-load treadmill exercises: for OD and ODE, the diet constituted 70% of the food intake of the OC group for 8 weeks.

Results

Long-term HFD inhibits white adipose tissue beigeization by downregulating PGC-1α-IRISIN-UCP-1 in the adipose tissue and skeletal muscles. Eight weeks of exercise and dietary interventions alleviated obesity-induced skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue PGC-1α-IRISIN-UCP-1 pathway downregulation promoted white adipose tissue beigeization and reduced body adipose tissue. The effects of the combined intervention were better than those of single interventions.

Conclusions

Diet and exercise intervention after obesity and obesity itself may affect the beigeization of WAT by downregulating/upregulating the expression/secretion of skeletal muscle and adipose PGC-1α-IRISIN, thereby influencing the regulation of bodyweight. The effects of the combined intervention were better than those of single interventions.
Effect of the different chromatic filters of the dental operating microscope on the volumetric shrinkage, surface hardness, and depth of cure of bulk fill composite
Authors: Tirumala Dabburi , Sravanthi Tammineedi , Nagesh Bolla , Sunil Chukka Ram , Chowdary Basam Ram , Swapnika Polineni
Published: February 2022

Aim. Evaluate the effect of different chromatic filters of the dental operating microscope on the volumetric shrinkage, surface micro-hardness, and depth of cure of bulk-fill composite.

Materials and methodology. Bulk fill composite specimens of 4 mm depth, 4 mm width, and 4 mm length were prepared. Five groups were designed based on a light source under which composite samples were condensed. Group 1: dental chair light without filter, Group 2: microscopic light without filter, Group 3: microscopic light with a yellow filter, Group 4: microscopic light with a green filter, Group 5: dental chair light with a red filter. After condensation, the samples were subjected to curing using Bluephase NM curing light. The parameters like volumetric shrinkage, surface hardness, and depth of cure were measured for all the samples. The results were subjected to statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA, followed by post-hoc Tukey tests.

Results. Group-2 showed the highest mean volumetric shrinkage (14.514%), surface micro-hardness (58.065 kg/m2), depth of cure (0.831%), whereas group-5 showed the least volumetric shrinkage (7.386%), surface micro-hardness (46.536 kg/m2), and depth of cure (0.789%). Working time was 40 seconds for group-2, whereas the remaining groups were allowed to complete 1-minute condensation. A statistically significant difference was shown between groups 1 and 5 (p=0.050), 2 and 5 (p=0.007) for volumetric shrinkage. Regarding surface micro-hardness, a statistically significant difference was observed between all the groups (p=0.001) except group-3, group-4 (p=0.100). There was no statistically significant difference between all the groups except group 2 and 5 for depth of cure (p=0.016).

Conclusion. Microscope light without filter showed the highest surface hardness and depth of cure. However, the highest volumetric shrinkage and lesser working time were also observed, which are undesirable. Use of filters during composite manipulation showed less detrimental effects on depth of cure, volumetric shrinkage and working time.  Overall, composite condensed under filters showed acceptable properties.
Technical challenges of lymphadenectomy in renal carcinoma performed with a 3D laparoscopic approach at a low pressure pneumoperitoneum due to associated pulmonary pathology – case report
Authors: Bujoreanu Cristina E. , Dor Yarden , Petrut Bogdan
Published: February 2022

We report the case of a 63-year-old male patient presenting left renal cell carcinoma (75/70/60 mm) associated with retroperitoneal lymph node masses (peri hilar of 15 mm; lombo-aortic of 50/40/30 mm), known also with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease GOLD4, sleep apnea and asthma with oxygen-dependent chronic obstructive respiratory insufficiency, a BMI of 37 with grade III obesity. Surgical treatment was performed using a 3D transperitoneal laparoscopic approach.  The surgery lasted 131 minutes, with 400 ml blood loss and grade 1 Clavien-Dindo post operative complications. An optimal pulmonary ventilation of the patient during surgery required a low intra-abdominal pressure (10 mmHg) which raised technical difficulties due to the lymph node mass dissection from the great vessels in a small operative field on an already obese patient with a voluminous renal tumor. The 3D transperitoneal laparoscopic approach was feasible within safe oncologic parameters
The role of computed tomography and Glasgow Coma Scale in detecting spinal injury associated with traumatic brain injuries
Authors: Merza Fadia Abdul-Ameer , Lafta Ghazwan Alwan
Published: February 2022

Objectives. The aim of this study is to identify the role of computed tomography scan (CT scan) of the cervical spine and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) in detecting spinal injuries associated with head injury.

Methods. This cross sectional study was conducted in the emergency department of Baghdad teaching hospital prospectively from October 2016 to October 2017. A total of 469 patients were included in this study, 59 of them with spine injury. All patients were examined promptly and were treated accordingly; all were subjected to X-rays and CT-scan of the skull and cervical spine for evaluation of head and cervical spinal injury, respectively.

Results. A total of 469 patients were enrolled in this study, mean age of 42.6 ± 13.7 years. The majority of patients were male (383/469) representing 81.7%. There was a significant correlation between Severity of TBI and cervical injury (P<0.001). There was a significant association between cervical injury and the presence of clinical and radiographic findings and associated injuries (P<0.001). It was found that cervical injury was more frequent in patients who were exposed to fall from a height.

Conclusion. CT scan and Glasgow coma scale are highly specific, sensitive, and accurate, with positive and negative predictive values.
Експертна оцінка потреби покращення управління фізичною культурою і спортом на місцевому рівні
Authors: Дорофєєва Тетяна
Published: February 2022

Мета: визначити експертну оцінку потреби покращення управління фізичною культурою і спортом на місцевому рівні, а саме в регіонах та територіальних громадах.

Матеріал і методи: експертне опитування через анкетування у цифровому та заочному форматі. Для створення експертної групи були опитані науково-педагогічні працівники закладів вищої освіти. Отримано 38 правильно оформлених анкет, які заповнили 38 науковців (докторів наук, професорів) зі спеціалізованих закладів вищої освіти та факультетів фізичного виховання.

Результати: дана експертна оцінка твердженням, включеним до анкети, спрямованих на встановлення відношення провідних науковців до покращення управління фізичною культурою і спортом на місцевому рівні. За усіма наданими до оцінювання твердженнями експерти висловились на підтримку покращення рівня управління і використання для цього результатів наукових досліджень. В даному випадку рекомендовано застосування здобутків спортивної науки як важливого тригеру підвищення рівня управління розвитком спорту.

Висновки: 97,4% (з них 81,6% повністю згодні і 15,4% тих, хто швидше згодні) експертів висловились, що рівень управління суттєво визначає стан розвитку спорту і якість фізкультурно-спортивних послуг на місцевому рівні. З твердженням, що існуючий рівень управління розвитком спорту на місцевому рівні недостатній, згодні 89,5% (50% і 39,5%) експертів. З тим, що існують значні можливості і резерви для покращення управління розвитком спорту на місцевому рівні, згодні 95,7% (65,8% і 28,9%) опитаних. 100% респондентів (84,2% і 15,8%) підтримують думку, що до покращення управління розвитком спорту на рівні регіонів і громад має долучитись спортивна наука. Усі фахівці, 100% (81,5% і 18,4%), вважають, що впровадження у практику якісних наукових розробок покращить управління спортом у регіонах. Отже, передбачення, що управління розвитком спорту на місцевому рівні вимагає суттєвих змін та якісного вдосконалення було підтверджено експертами у повній мірі.

Ключові слова: експертна оцінка, управління, розвиток фізичної культури і спорту на місцевому рівні, використання результатів наукових досліджень.
PENGETAHUAN, SIKAP DAN TINDAKAN DOSEN DAN MAHASISWA KPI TERHADAP DISINFORMASI DI MEDIA MASSA
Authors: Fathurokhmah Fita
Published: February 2022

Hoax dan Fakes News termasuk disinformasi. Sebagian dosen memahami disinformasi dan sebagian kurang memahami disinformasi di Media Massa. Bagaimana menghadapi krisis ini? Apalagi sebagian mahasiswa KPI kurang tahu dan kurang bisa membedakan antara informasi bohong, Hoax, berita palsu atau Fake News dan disinformasi. Dosen dan mahasiswa sebagai pembaca virtual sebaiknya bisa membedakan Fake News dan Hoax dan mengetahui penyebaranjauh lebih cepat daripada berita yang akurat dan cover both sides. Pertanyaan penelitian; 1) Bagaimana dosen KPI dan mahasiswa KPI FIDIKOM UIN Jakarta memahami, menyikapi, dan menghadapi Disinformasi sebagai pembaca media massa? Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Paradigma konstruktivisme mendalami pemahaman, sikap, dan tindakan pembaca media massa ketika mereka menemui berita bohong, palsu, dan fakes news. Subjek penelitian adalah tiga dosen dan tiga mahasiswa KPI dengan metode FGD dan wawancara mendalam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemahaman satu dosen dan satu mahasiswa yang pernah mengikuti workshop tentang disinformasi lebih bisa memahami istilahnya, menyikapi dengan tenang, dan menghadapinya lebih profesional. Sedangkan satu dosen dan satu mahasiswa mencari tahu sendiri, mereka agak ragu dan bingung antara hoax, berita palsu, dan fake news.Sedangkan satu dosen dan satu mahasiswa kurang pengetahuan, tidak menyikapi atau kurang peduli terhadap tersebut dan mereka tidak mencari tahu, apalagi menyikapi, dan menghadapi disinformasi tersebut. Mereka hanya membaca komentar orang lain saja tanpa komentar karena mereka tidak tahu. Jadi mereka tidak tahu dan berupaya untuk tidak komentar. Namun mereka tahu dan mereka akan memberikan fakta baru. Kontribusi penelitian ini memperkaya dakwah bil hal bagi yang sudah memahami disinformasi, tidak membiarkan orang lain yang sedang ragu dan bingung. Dakwah bil qalam bagi yang tahu. Metode Dakwah bil hikmah menganjurkan diam bila kita tidak tahu permasalahannya dan tidak memiliki fakta.
Setting Forth a Canon of the Gurdjieff Work
Authors: Seamon David
Published: February 2022

This article considers whether there might be a canon of the Gurdjieff Work and, if so, what that canon might include. The author emphasizes that any canonical explication must incorporate two complementary aspects: first, texts that describe the psychological, philosophical, metaphysical, and cosmological structure of Gurdjieff’s system of self-transformation; second, an integrated set of guidelines, procedures, and techniques that provide the experiential and spiritual engine for actualizing potential self-transformation. Taking this twofold canonical definition into account, the Gurdjieff canon is defined as an ensemble of texts, methods, and performative media that when, engaged sincerely and persistently, might facilitate self-transformation psychologically and spiritually. This article gives attention to written texts because the starting point of Gurdjieff’s system is intellectual understanding. These written texts are overviewed in terms of seven categories: (1) Gurdjieff’s Beelzebub’s Tales to His Grandson and Ouspensky’s In Search of the Miraculous; (2) additional texts by Gurdjieff and Ouspensky, including Gurdjieff’s Meetings with Remarkable Men and Ouspensky’s The Fourth Way; (3) commentaries on Beelzebub’s Tales; (4) commentaries on the Gurdjieff Work as presented in Maurice Nicoll’s Psychological Commentaries and Jane Heap’s Notebooks; (5) biographies of Gurdjieff; (6) memoirs of Gurdjieff; and (7) works that extend Gurdjieffian ideas in innovative directions.
Did Gurdjieff Write Scripture?
Authors: Azize Joseph
Published: February 2022

Did Gurdjieff write scripture? Can we understand Gurdjieff’s writings in terms of a category he did not use? Conversely, can Gurdjieff’s ideas and practices be used to understand scripture in other traditions? For Gurdjieff, the important lens of scrutiny was not “scripture” but his own categories of “objective art” and “subjective art.” He considered at least some of his writings to be objective art, constructed in accordance with cosmic laws. For him, the being-state (the total condition) of both the writer and the reader or listener, was as important as the ideas imbibed, for delivery and reception are in dynamic relation. Finally, the controversy surrounding the revision of his First Series, published in 1992 and retranslated by 2006, is examined. The evidence suggests that while Gurdjieff did contemplate that typographical and minor errors might be corrected, he would have deprecated the full-scale revision of the entire English text which was undertaken, as substituting “subjective” for “objective” art.
Pengembangan Usaha Kecil Menengah di Tanggulangin Sidoarjo
Authors: Rosy Moch Mahrus Fathur , Rizalina Refita Avitriani , Ningtyas Mega Ayu
Published: February 2022

The business development of leather handicraft SME entrepreneurs in Tanggulangin does not take place instantly. In the beginning, entrepreneurs attended various training in the development of skin-based SMEs. After his knowledge was sufficient then he applied it in the field. Here the high creative power of entrepreneurs is required. With such diverse creative powers, the demand for their products will increase. The level of production increases due to increased demand from consumers. This increasing demand is the beginning of economic development at Tanggulangin so that employers need a lot of employees. If many residents in Tanggulangin are absorbed into the SME leather handicraft center, the unemployment and poverty there will automatically decrease. Each family member has high productivity because a lot of it is absorbed into the leathercraft UKM center. The higher the level of productivity of the residents there, the more evenly the income per family there, and the standard of living will increase. Tanggulangin's income and income levels increase along with the advancement of UKM there. This can be an income from the city of Sidoarjo itself if the revenue from Tanggulangin continues to be constant from year to year.
"La Otra Sentimentalidad" y "La poesía de la experiencia". Una aproximación
Authors:   Universidad de Zaragoza, Rubio Jesús
Published: February 2022

En la vida literaria se acuñan continuamente expresiones y etiquetas críticas para definir las novedades. Algunas resultan afortunadas y con los años entran en la historia literaria. Relacionadas con la poesía española, dos de estas etiquetas vienen siendo muy discutidas en los últimos años entre nosotros: «la otra sentimentalidad» y «la poesía de la experiencia». Asumidas por unos y denostadas por otros, a partir de ellas voy a hacer algunas consideraciones sobre algunos de los poetas españoles más representativos en las últimas décadas
Para el estudio de libros-juguete: retextualizaciones para pre-lectores o lectores iniciales de El gato com botas
Authors:   Instituto Politécnico do Cávado e do Ave (IPCA-ESD) e Universidade do Minho (CIEC), Martins Diana Maria , Reis da Silva Sara ,   Instituto Politécnico do Cávado e do Ave (IPCA-ESD) e Universidade do Minho (CIEC)
Published: February 2022

Teniendo en cuenta una de las tendencias contemporáneas del libro-objeto dirigido a la infancia, el libro interactivo, los libros móviles o los libros-juguete, este artículo tiene como objetivo reflexionar sobre obras gráficamente distintas del libro tradicional, un corpus textual cuyos destinatarios preferenciales son los prelectores (incluidos los bebés) y los lectores iniciales y que está conformado por obras dedicadas a revisar el cuento Le Maître Chat, ou le Chat Botté, una narración difundida universalmente por Charles Perrault desde 1697. Es nuestro objetivo dar a conocer y reflexionar sobre las principales singularidades de estos volúmenes o de estas reconfiguraciones verbo-icónicas y gráficas, de autoría variada y cronológicamente dispersas, basadas principalmente en la exploración de la materialidad del objeto del libro
Addressing a theory-practice gap in teacher education by using a participatory action learning and action research (PALAR) approach
Authors: Neethling Marinda , Nel Mirna
Published: February 2022

In this article we combine Boyer’s 4 domains of scholarship with Hutchings’ 4 types of questions and Ghaye, Melander-Wikman, Kisare, Chambers, Bergmark, Kostenius and Lillyman’s (2008) reflective learning framework using a Participatory Action Learning and Action Research (PALAR) method to explore the perceived gap in in-service teachers’ experience in classroom contexts. Qualitative data were collected in an action learning set (ALS) consisting of distance learning in-service teachers enrolled in a learning support programme through purposeful discussions, reflective diaries, observations, and open-ended reflective learning questionnaires. In the research reported on here we found that collaborative partnerships initiated scholarly thoughts and actions when sharing and evaluating insights during the research process, which resulted in building on learning that has been gained together. The findings point to the need for collaboration between lecturers and students to develop an awareness to not only take knowledge from one another to create theories about how they should deal with problems but rather to jointly become reflective collaborative scholars to address the theory-practice gap.
Concepções em disputa no uso da suplementação e/ou fortificação de micronutrientes na alimentação escolar para prevenção da anemia
Authors: Dias Patricia Camacho , Teles Cyntia Gomes , Mendonça Daniele Ferreira , Sampaio Roseane Moreira , Henriques Patricia , Soares Daniele da Silva Bastos , Pereira Silvia , Burlandy Luciene
Published: February 2022

Resumo: A anemia por deficiência de ferro afeta, mundialmente, diferentes populações e, no Brasil, é uma das principais carências nutricionais na infância. Diferentes estratégias são propostas por organismos internacionais e pelo Ministério da Saúde para sua prevenção. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar as ideias em disputa, presentes em documentos oficiais e narrativas dos profissionais da saúde e educação acerca do uso da suplementação e/ou fortificação nutricional como medida de prevenção da anemia no âmbito escolar. Baseou-se na análise de documentos governamentais e entrevistas semiestruturadas com profissionais atuantes em municípios que implementaram a estratégia de fortificação da alimentação escolar (NutriSUS) no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. As ideias disseminadas nos documentos governamentais ressaltam a eficiência da suplementação e da fortificação caseira para prevenção de anemia, com base em pesquisas científicas e se adequa aos objetivos das políticas públicas neles formalizados. As ideias presentes nas narrativas dos profissionais são, por vezes, críticas à necessidade desse tipo de intervenção e, por outras, favoráveis, indicando as controvérsias presentes no próprio processo de operacionalização local das políticas federais. Observaram-se tensões em torno dos conceitos de promoção, prevenção e tratamento por meio do NutriSUS, da dosagem e da forma de administração. As críticas à suplementação ressaltam as práticas alimentares saudáveis como estratégia preferencial. A medicalização em detrimento de ações de promoção da saúde pode tencionar a perspectiva pedagógica no contexto escolar e produzir ideias contraditórias sobre as melhores estratégias de promoção de alimentação saudável.
Body fat distribution and its risk for cardiovascular events in 10 years: Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil)
Authors: Oliveira Bárbara Bruna Rodrigues de , Coelho Carolina Gomes , Barreto Sandhi Maria , Giatti Luana , Araújo Larissa Fortunato
Published: February 2022

Body fat distribution seems to have different effects in cardiovascular diseases (CVD). We aimed to estimate the associations between lower limbs and trunk fat ratio and the 10-year CVD risk, and isolated risk factors in men and women. A total of 10,917 participants from ELSA-Brasil were eligible for this cross-sectional study. Associations between lower limb/trunk fat ratio with the percentage of 10-year CVD risk - according to the Framingham Risk Score - and its risk factors (systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol, diabetes, and use of antihypertensive medication) were performed using generalized linear models, linear and logistic regressions. All analyses were stratified by gender and adjustments were made by age, self-reported skin color, educational attainment, alcohol consumption, leisure physical activity, hypolipidemic drug use and, for women, menopausal status. In this study, 55.91% were women, with a mean age of 52.68 (SD = 6.57) years. A higher lower limb/trunk fat ratio was related to lower 10-year CVD risk, as well as a reduction in systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and antihypertensive drug use, also an increasing HDL-cholesterol in both genders, but this relationship was stronger in women. Besides, a protective relationship to diabetes was observed in women. Higher fat accumulation in the lower body, when compared to the trunk, seems to have a lower risk of CVD and associated risk factors - even in the presence of fat in the abdominal region - with women presenting lower risks than men.
Evaluation of the Effect of Heat Input and Cooling Rate of Rail Flash-Butt Welding using Finite Element Method Simulation
Authors: Pereira Henrique Boschetti , Echeverri Edwan Anderson Ariza , Alves Luiz Henrique Dias , Goldenstein Hélio
Published: February 2022

Abstract Simulations using the finite element method (FEM) were done to understand the effects of heating/cooling rates on the distribution of residual stresses. Two material parameters from rails were used while the boundary conditions remained constant: heat-affected zone size, maximum temperature and heating extraction rate. To complement the analysis, a flash-butt weld of a Premium rail was done with welding parameters adjusted to obtain a narrow HAZ, without forced cooling, to examine the microstructure formed in the critical regions in the web and the edge of the rail foot. The results showed that there was a concentration of vertical residual stresses in the web region, while the presence of horizontal compression residual stresses was mostly superficial in the rail head region. The main result from the simulation sets was that when using two simulation parameters with similar materials (rails) substantially different results were obtained. Metallographic examinations showed that there was no presence of acicular microconstituents (martensite/bainite). In the rail web, proeutectoid ferrite was observed in the central region, cementite in a previous austenitic grain boundary, in the region that reached temperatures close to AC3, and almost complete spheroidization in the region of maximum spheroidization. In contrast, in the rail foot edge region, there was a completely pearlitic microstructure, in the central region and in the zone that reached temperatures close to AC3, and a lower volume of spheroidization in the region where maximum spheroidization is typically observed, probably due to the higher cooling rate in this region.
Rural characteristics associated with excess weight among adolescents
Authors: LOURENÇO Ana Eliza Port , DUARTE Thamara Carvalho dos Santos , PINTO Thatiana de Jesus Pereira , WOLLZ Larissa Escarce Bento
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT Objective This study aimed to verify the association between rural characteristics and the nutritional status of adolescents from the rural area of Macaé, a municipality in Rio de Janeiro, Southeast Brazil. Methods This is a cross-sectional study based on secondary anthropometric data, collected at the Macaé Municipal Department of Education between 2013 and 2014. The database refers to the total number of adolescents in the only high school in the rural area of the city. Poisson logistic regression was performed, having excess weight (overweight or obesity- Body Mass Index-for-age equal to or greater than one Z-score) as the dependent variable, used dichotomously. The independent variables were sex, socioeconomic status and three “yes or no” variables that express rural characteristics. Results The adolescents (total=109) were between 14 and 18 years old (mean=16.6 years), 64.2% were girls, 52.3% had vegetable gardens or orchards in their household, 19.4% had animal breeding for consumption purposes and 17.6% had parents/guardians working in the agricultural sector. The prevalence of excess weight was 18.0% in boys and 20.0% in girls. Having a garden/orchard implied a significantly higher chance of having excess weight, both in the bivariate analysis and in the sex-adjusted model (Prevalence Ratio=2.95; Confidence Interval=1.17-7.44). Conclusions Based on a significant association at the municipal level, the results highlight nutritional differences between local and large-scale studies, as well as variations within the same rural area. These findings point out the need to evaluate rural aspects in more detail in studies on underlying determinants of nutritional status.
Perceptions of barriers and facilitators to implement programs for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-Mozambique
Authors: Buleza Lamucene Olimpia , Bernales Margarita , Irarrázabal Vargas Lisette , Ferrer Lagunas Lilian
Published: February 2022

Abstract Objective: To understand the perspectives of pregnant and postpartum women living with HIV in Sofala, Mozambique, regarding barriers and facilitators to following Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) recommendations. Method: Qualitative study conducted in three health centers and with a peer support group of women living with HIV, between October 2020 and March 2021. We applied purposeful sampling, semi-structured interviews, and content analysis. Results: Among the barriers that emerged were the social stigma associated with HIV-positive status and fear of discrimination, side effects of medications, economic barriers, and denial of diagnosis/treatment. As facilitating factors: peer support networks and inspiration, innate concern for health and family. Finally, they recommend that the community should become more educated about HIV. Conclusion: The results of this study give a broad understanding of the experience of women living with HIV in this province, making it possible to focus strategies in improving the care of women in PMTCT programs in Mozambique.
THEORETICAL-EXPLANATORY MODEL OF THE CARE PROVIDED TO WOMEN IN SITUATIONS OF VIOLENCE IN PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
Authors: Carneiro Jordana Brock , Gomes Nadirlene Pereira , Campos Luana Moura , Estrela Fernanda Matheus , Webler Natália , Santos José Luís Guedes dos , Carvalho Amâncio António de Sousa
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT Objective: to develop a theoretical-explanatory model of the care provided to women in situations of intimate partner violence in the context of Primary Health Care. Method: a study with a qualitative approach, whose theoretical-methodological contribution adopted was the updated Straussian strand of the Grounded Theory. Between February and December 2019, individual interviews were conducted with 31 professionals who worked in Family Health Units in the Health District of a capital from northeastern Brazil, members of the minimum team (first sample group) and of the Expanded Family and Primary Care Health Center (second sample group). The data were organized using an analytical tool called Paradigmatic Model, consisting of three components: condition, action-interaction and consequences. Results: the theoretical-explanatory model of the phenomenon called “enabling the empowerment of women in situations of intimate partner violence” allowed understanding the meanings attributed by the professionals to the care offered to women in situations of intimate partner violence within the scope of the Family Health Strategy. Conclusion: the model of care provided to women in situations of intimate partner violence, based on identification of the problem and intervention in the cases, is limited due to the characteristics of the organization of the services. In this sense, the study points to the importance of managerial actions to achieve favorable outcomes for female empowerment and consequent confrontation of violence.
THE POWER OF PLAY IN PEDIATRIC NURSING: THE PERSPECTIVES OF NURSES PARTICIPATING IN FOCAL GROUPS
Authors: Maia Edmara Bazoni Soares , Banca Rebecca Ortiz La , Rodrigues Susanne , Pontes Estela de Castro Duarte , Sulino Mariane Caetano , Lima Regina Aparecida Garcia de
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT Objective: to understand how nurses assess the implementation of therapeutic play by the nursing staff in the care provided to children. Method: qualitative study addressing nurses providing pediatric care in hospitals located in five Brazilian regions. Face-to-face meetings were held with nine focal groups between January and August 2018. The sessions lasted two hours on average and were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed through inductive thematic analysis. Results: 52 nurses reported their perspectives regarding play and therapeutic play implemented in the care provided to children, which revealed The power of Play-Care implemented in nursing care: advancements and challenges and its subthemes: using puppets/dolls and dramatizing procedures; using distraction strategies to perform the procedures; wearing colorful and fun uniforms; recognizing the power of play in nursing care; and barriers challenging the connection between play and care in nursing practice. Conclusion: the power of Play-Care is manifested in the routine of nursing care through playful attitudes; however, these attitudes appear to be individual initiatives rather than systematized in the nursing process. Hence, there is a need to expand the possibilities of teaching this topic by promoting training programs, including practical activities and virtual learning environments.
Intellectual structure of Library and Information Science in Iberoamerica using journal co-citation analysis: a comparative study based on Scopus and Web of Science
Authors: GONZÁLEZ-VALIENTE Carlos Luis , LÓPEZ-MESA Evony Katherine
Published: February 2022

Abstract In this study, the intellectual structure of the Iberoamerican research on Library and Information Science was visualized, from the perspective of journal citation relations. In addition, the core journals that most influence intellectual structure were identified. The study had a comparative emphasis since data from Scopus and Web of Science Core Collection were used. Journal co-citation maps were generated to identify the journal communities. Strategic diagrams with citation and betweenness centrality measures were also generated to identify core, under development, and peripheral journals. The results showed that the intellectual structure is fragmented into communities that respond to the geographic context and language affinity. Only two journals are considered core, El Profesional de la Información and Ciência da Informação. In general, there was not much difference in the comparative analyzes between the two databases. Complementary studies are necessary to show which epistemic factors influence the current fragmentation of the intellectual structure of the Library and Information Science research in the region.
Experiências e percepções relacionadas ao gênero nas práticas profissionais de homens terapeutas ocupacionais
Authors: Ferreira Gabriel Paiva , Almeida Marta Carvalho de
Published: February 2022

Resumo Introdução Estudos feministas contribuíram para o entendimento dos papéis de gênero atribuídos à mulher e ao homem enquanto processos socialmente construídos e não biologicamente determinados. No trabalho em saúde no Brasil, marcado pela predominância numérica de mulheres, a divisão sexual do trabalho é influenciada pela naturalização do cuidado como atributo feminino. Na terapia ocupacional, segundo o Conselho Regional da categoria, apenas 3,7% dos profissionais do Estado de São Paulo são homens, o que confere singularidade às relações entre gêneros na profissão. Objetivo Busca-se identificar e analisar experiências e percepções relacionadas ao gênero entre terapeutas ocupacionais autodeclarados homens. Método Estudo qualitativo de tipo exploratório, realizado por meio de entrevistas em profundidade com cinco terapeutas ocupacionais no município de São Paulo, SP, Brasil, posteriormente analisadas por meio de análise temática. Resultados Os entrevistados identificaram experiências que consideram ser privilégios de gênero não dissimulados, principalmente no que tange ao acesso ao emprego e à valorização profissional. Percebem que, no ambiente profissional, atuam estereótipos ligados ao padrão de comportamento atribuído ao gênero masculino, associando-o à força, autoridade e poder. Em se tratando de relações de cuidado com usuários, alguns participantes não percebem a presença de normas de gênero, o que parece convergente com a invisibilidade social desses processos. Conclusão Questões de gênero estão presentes nas vivências profissionais dos entrevistados, os quais, de modo geral, percebem-nas sob uma perspectiva crítica. Mostra-se relevante para a terapia ocupacional brasileira que novos estudos adensem reflexões e abordem distintas faces das relações de gênero na prática profissional.
Balancing Before and After: Treasury Market Reform Proposals and the Connections Between Ex-Ante and Ex-Post Liquidity Tools
Authors: Clouse James A.
Published: February 2022

This paper develops a simple framework that helps to draw out some of the potential connections between ex-ante liquidity risk management tools such as liquidity requirements or mandatory fees and ex-post liquidity tools such as a lender of last resort. A central message of this analysis is that policy actions that expand the lender of last resort function so as to better address periods of financial distress are likely to be most effective when accompanied by regulations or other mechanisms that encourage socially-responsible ex-ante liquidity risk management on the part of financial firms. Regulation in the form of a liquidity coverage requirement can be helpful in moving private sector outcomes toward a social optimum. A mandatory fee schedule also emerges as a potentially very useful tool. The structure of the optimal fee schedule depends on both the scale of volatile liabilities and the extent of “liquidity coverage” maintained to cover potential funding shortfalls. Both liquidity requirements and mandatory fees can help to address a form of time consistency problem in connection with the provision of ex-post liquidity support through a lender of last resort. The framework also provides some potentially useful benchmarks in evaluating the distribution of liquidity risks across different classes of financial firms.
Geothermal anomalies on the eastern flank of the Cherokee basin, southeastern Kansas, USA
Authors: Newell K. David , Birdie Tiraz
Published: February 2022

Bottomhole temperature measurements from oil and gas drilling in southeastern Kansas on the eastern flank of the Cherokee basin, in combination with a suite of about 2,200 differential temperature logs recently obtained from wireline logging in coalbed methane wells, define several higher-temperature anomalies at the top of the Mississippian Subsystem strata. Temperatures slightly in excess of 90 oF (35 oC) at depths of about 900 ft (275 m) correspond to geothermal gradients as high as about 60 oC/km.

Sparse historical measurements of heat flow in the cratonic Cherokee basin indicate that the thermal anomalies are not likely caused by locally high heat flow. Heat flow in the Cherokee basin is probably in line with most other shallow cratonic basins. The higher-temperature thermal anomalies defined by logging temperatures do not correspond to previously mapped faults or other structural features in the Phanerozoic sedimentary section, but some anomalies are underlain by Precambrian basement lineations that are detectable with aeromagnetic and gravity measurements. Well-log determination of shale content in the Pennsylvanian sedimentary strata overlying the Mississippian limestones indicates that low thermal conductivity caused by higher shale content may cause some of the thermal anomalies. 

Lateral (advective) movement of warmer, highly saline water from the basin axis cannot account for the anomalies because the anomalies are not characterized by exceptionally highly saline water in Mississippian strata. Similarly, recorded static fluid levels of wells disposing of oilfield saltwater into the Mississippian strata and the deeper Cambrian-Ordovician Arbuckle Group indicate that the deeper Arbuckle strata generally do not have sufficient formation pressure to force Arbuckle formation water upward into the Mississippian through either natural fractures or leaky wellbores. Small-scale changes in salinity, in combination with geologic structuring indicating faulting, make a case for vertical (convective) movement of heated, less saline water from the Arbuckle Group into overlying Mississippian limestones in isolated localities. Buoyancy of the Arbuckle formation water (due to temperature and salinity differences with the cooler and more saline Mississippian water) could also be the primary force behind the convection. Convergence of cooler freshwater moving westward off the Ozark dome and more saline basinal water moving eastward also could be a factor in defining the limits of some thermal anomalies.
От Паноптикона до дрона: эволюция надзирающего взгляда и трансформация городского пространства
Authors: Блинов Евгений
Published: February 2022

В статье предлагается ряд концептуальных замечаний об эволюции техник власти и надзирающего взгляда в контексте связанных с ними теорий безопасности, а также их влияние на трансформацию городского пространства. Развивается предложенная Мишелем Фуко идея о переходе от техники «исключения» или наблюдения за периметром безопасности в пределах городской черты к дисциплинарным техникам наблюдения за индивидами в изолированном пространстве. Дисциплинарная архитектура понимается как воплощение заранее выработанных представлений о нормализованном поведении в рамках дисциплинарных институтов, которые рассматриваются на примере госпиталя XIX века, построенного в соответствии с паноптическими принципами. На примере внедрения практики наблюдения при помощи дронов выдвигается гипотеза о формировании новой концепции надзирающего взгляда, которая является воплощением утопии о божественном оке. Обращение к анализу генеалогии американских боевых дронов, проделанному французским философом Грегуаром Шамаю, позволяет понять принципы нового диспозитива безопасности и потенциал его использования в полицейских или противоэпидемических мероприятиях. На этом основании делается вывод о влиянии эпидемических мероприятий и связанных с ними надзорных и трансформации городского пространства.