bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detecting Microvascular Abnormalities in Neurodegenerative Diseases using MICRO at 3T
Authors: Buch Sagar , Sharma Soumya , LeWitt Peter , Ge Yulin , Jog Mandar , Haacke E.
Published: November 2024

Motivation: There is limited understanding of microvascular alterations in neurovascular diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) using in vivo imaging techniques. Goal(s): To detect microvascular abnormalities using the novel imaging technique MICRO (Microvascular In-vivo Contrast Revealed Origins). Approach: MICRO imaging involves high resolution susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) acquired in the presence of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxides (USPIO). Results: As compared to non-contrast conventional vascular imaging, MICRO drastically improves the detection of microvascular abnormalities that can help in identifying the most vulnerable structures in vascular etiology of MS and PD. Impact: This multicentre study demonstrates that MICRO imaging has the potential to comprehensively study vascular pathology something that is often ignored in evaluating neurodegenerative diseases.
Hemodynamic Alterations of Carotid Siphons after Revascularization is Associated with Outcomes in Moyamoya Angiopathy: A 4D Flow MRI Study
Authors: Xia Chao , Fu Mingzhu , Tian Rui , Ren Yutao , Xu Xu , Zhang Jinge , Xia Chunchao , You Chao , Hu Na , Lui Su , Li Rui , Liu Yi
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Current evidence is insufficient to help better understand the interactions between hemodynamics of carotid siphons in moyamoya angiopathy (MMA) and outcomes of revascularization. Goal(s): To evaluate hemodynamic alterations of carotid siphons after revascularization for MMA using 4D Flow MRI and to explore its association with outcomes. Approach: MMA patients receiving revascularization were prospectively enrolled. We used VesselExplorer2 software to analyze 4D Flow MRI data and measure hemodynamic parameters of carotid siphons. Relationships between hemodynamic parameters of carotid siphons and surgical outcomes were explored. Results: Flowmean and Flowmax of bilateral ICAs in MMA decreased at follow-up, which was associated with outcomes of revascularization surgery. Impact: We identified new hemodynamic parameters that might be used to predict the prognosis of MMA. 4D Flow MRI is a promising tool for quantitatively detecting hemodynamics in intracranial vessels of MMA patients, providing valuable hemodynamic parameters for evaluating surgical outcomes.
Brain Iron Deposition in the Posterior Part of the Right Hippocampus Associated with Cognitive Functions in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease
Authors: Chen Yiwen , Li Meng , Li Jing , Cheng Zhenyu , Liang Pengcheng , Wang Na , Zhang Xinyue , Wang Yuanyuan , Gao Yian , Sui Chaofan , Liang Changhu , Guo Lingfei
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The deposition of excess iron in subcortical nuclei may be linked to the burden of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) and could contribute to decreased cognitive performance. Goal(s): To investigate the relationship between iron deposition in subcortical nuclei and CSVD severity, as well as cognitive impairment. Approach: Brain iron deposition was assessed by quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). Results: Susceptibility in the posterior part of the right hippocampus (pHIP-R) was negatively correlated with cognitive performance and positively correlated with CSVD severity. Impact: Iron deposition in pHIP-R could be an early biomarker of CSVD-related cognitive impairment in future research, providing new evidence for investigating the mechanism of cognitive impairment in CSVD.
Cloud-Magnetic Resonance Imaging Systems: Prospects and Challenges
Authors: Zhou Yirong , Wu Yanhuang , Su Yuhan , Li Jing , Cai Jianyu , You Yongfu , Guo Di , Qu Xiaobo
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) plays an important role in medical diagnosis, generating petabytes of image data annually in large hospitals. Local data processing demands substantial manpower and hardware investments. Data isolation across different healthcare institutions hinders cross-institutional collaboration. Goal(s): Solve a series of problems existing in current hospitals. Approach: Integrating cloud computing, 6G, edge computing, federated learning, and blockchain. Results: Cloud-MRI transforms raw data to the Imaging Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine Raw Data (ISMRMRD) format and enables fast reconstruction, AI training, and analysis. Results are relayed to cloud radiologists. Impact: This system safeguards data, promotes collaboration, and enhances diagnostic precision and efficiency.
A sophisticated method for encoding StyleGAN-based synthetic MR images for disease progression prediction in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Güllmar Daniel , Hsu Wei-Chan , Reichenbach Jürgen
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Diseases related progress simulated through latent space image manipulation is difficult to interpret. Goal(s): The goal was to develop an approach allowing for an improved interpretation of latent space image manipulation. Approach: A StyleGAN model trained on MRI data from MS patients and healthy controls was used for image manipulation. The direction in latent space for generating images mimicking diseases progression towards MS was determined. The spatial changes were analyzed through eigenvalue decomposition. Results: The decomposition approach revealed a pattern resembling a polynomial series, suggesting a parameterized data manipulation, with the second component being the most informative for illustrating disease related image changes. Impact: The analysis method for disentanglement complex image changes through latent space manipulation offers improved predictive accuracy and enhances our understanding of disease progression in neuroimaging research by isolating disease-related image features with a parameter-free approach.
Uncertainty-aware Automated Liver Macromolecular Proton Fraction Quantification
Authors: Kang Hongjian , Wong Vincent , Xu Jiabo , Hou Jian , Jiang Baiyan , Chan Queenie , Yu Ziqiang , Chu Winnie , Chen Weitian
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Macromolecular Proton Fraction quantification based on spin-lock MRI (MPF-SL) is a new technique for non-invasive imaging and characterization of macromolecule environment in tissues. Goal(s): This study aims to develop an automated method for MPF quantification in the liver. Approach: We present a deep learning framework for automated liver MPF quantification, incorporating an uncertainty-guided strategy for reliable region-of-interest (ROI) selection. Results: Evaluation was conducted using clinical MPF data from 44 patients, demonstrating minimal error in MPF quantification and consistent and robust ROI selection. Our method shows promise in automated MPF measurement of the liver, offering both qualitative and quantitative evidence of its efficacy. Impact: MPF-SL has been recently developed to measure macromolecule levels, showing potential in the non-invasive diagnosis of hepatic fibrosis. This work automates MPF quantification using deep learning, showing the potential to decrease the cost of MPF-SL post-processing.
Adaptive Plane Reformatting for 4D Flow MRI using Deep Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Bisbal Javier , Sotelo Julio , Arrieta Cristóbal , Irarrazaval Pablo , Andia Marcelo , Parra denis , Valdes Maria , Tejos Cristián , Garcia Julio , Rodríguez-Palomares José , Raimondi Francesca , Uribe Sergio
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The standard approach for plane reformatting in 4D flow MRI is manual, leading to time-consuming and user-dependent results. Goal(s): Our goal was to enhance plane reformatting in 4D flow MRI and overcome limitations associated with existing automated methods. Approach: We introduce a novel approach that employs deep reinforcement learning (DRL) with a flexible coordinate system for precise and adaptable plane reformatting. Results: Results demonstrate superior performance compared to baseline DRL and similar outcomes compared to those of landmark-based techniques, showing its potential for use in complex medical imaging scenarios beyond 4D flow MRI. Impact: The proposed framework allows for automated, precise, and adaptive plane reformatting, facilitating the use of 4D flow MRI in clinical routines. It was trained with data sets from different vendors, making this approach widely applicable.
Meta-Learning Guided Pelvis MR to CT Translation: Addressing Cross-Modality Misalignments
Authors: Kim Daniel , Lee Jae-Hun , Han Yoseob , Ryu Kanghyun , Kim Dong-Hyun
Published: November 2024

Motivation: In radiation therapy planning, both MR and CT are essential, but there is a potential risk of radiation exposure from CT. To address this problem, MR to CT translation could be an important solution. Goal(s): In cross-modality translations like MR to CT, misalignment is significant challenge. The goal is to develop a method that can effectively learn to handle this misalignment. Approach: We propose a method that utilizes meta-learning to focus on reliable regions and employs loss functions and network suited for misalignment. Results: Our method surpassed existing GAN-based methods in quantitative evaluations, particularly in the reconstruction of bone structures. Impact: It can be seen that meta-learning can be effectively applied to the problem of misalignment. This can aid in preserving fine details and bone structures in MR to CT translation. It is also broadly applicable to cross-modality translation.
Three-Dimensional Amyloid-Beta PET Synthesis from Structural MRI with Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks
Authors: Vega Fernando , Addeh Abdoljalil , MacDonald M. Ethan
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Alzheimer’s Disease hallmarks include amyloid-beta deposits and brain atrophy, detectable via PET and MRI scans, respectively. PET is expensive, invasive and exposes patients to ionizing radiation. MRI is cheaper, non-invasive, and free from ionizing radiation but limited to measuring brain atrophy. Goal(s): To develop an 3D image translation model that synthesizes amyloid-beta PET images from T1-weighted MRI, exploiting the known relationship between amyloid-beta and brain atrophy. Approach: The model was trained on 616 PET/MRI pairs and validated with 264 pairs. Results: The model synthesized amyloid-beta PET images from T1-weighted MRI with high-degree of similarity showing high SSIM and PSNR metrics (SSIM>0.97&PSNR=34). Impact: Our model proves the feasibility of synthesizing amyloid-beta PET images from structural MRI ones, significantly enhancing accessibility for large-cohort studies and early dementia detection, while also reducing cost, invasiveness, and radiation exposure.
MR-to-CT Synthesis in MR-only Radiotherapy Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Hu Yibo , Zhang Shi'ang , Li Wentao , Sun Jianqi , Xu Lisa X.
Published: November 2024

Motivation: MRI-only radiotherapy requires synthesizing MR images into CT-equivalent images to calculate the radiation dose. However, the current synthesis methods are limited when applied to small anatomical regions, such as tumors. Goal(s): Our goal was to develop a novel MR-to-CT synthesis algorithm that produces better results for small anatomical structures. Approach: We introduced a multi-branch hybrid perceptual generative model incorporating an attention mechanism to synthesize different scales anatomical structures. Results: Our proposed algorithms yield favorable results for small anatomical structures based on physician feedback and quantitative assessments. Impact: The proposed synthesis algorithm simplifies and speeds up MRI-only radiotherapy workflow. It is also applicable to other fields of medical image synthesis, such as multi-modal image diagnosis treatment.
Application Research of AI-assisted Compressed Sensing Technology in MRI Scanning of the Knee Joint: 3D-MRI Perspective
Authors: Ni Ming , Yang Yuxin , Wen Xiaoyi , Zhao Qiang , Yuan Huishu
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The broad clinical application of knee 3D-MRI has been constrained by scanning time. Goal(s): To investigate the potential of AI-assisted compressed sensing (ACS) in knee MRI to optimize the scanning process. Approach: 3D-ACS, 3D compressed sensing (CS), and 2D parallel acquisition technology (PAT) scans were performed. The 3D-ACS images underwent 3.5 mm/2.0 mm multiplanar reconstruction (MPR); radiologists evaluated the quality of images and diagnosed diseases. Results: 3D-ACS provided poorer bone structure visualization, improved cartilage visualization, and less satisfactory axial images with 3.5 mm/2.0 mm MPR than 2D-PAT. High levels of diagnostic agreement and accuracy were observed across all diagnoses. Impact: 3D-ACS provided poorer bone structure visualization, improved cartilage visualization, and less satisfactory axial images with 3.5 mm/2.0 mm MPR than 2D-PAT. High levels of diagnostic agreement and accuracy were observed across all diagnoses.
Participant-informed finite element models of the tibia-fibula complex from MRI: sensitivity to material property definition
Authors: Bruce Olivia , Barbieri Marco , Kogan Feliks
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Finite element modeling could help us better understand the role of bone strain in stress fractures. MRI, the standard for diagnosis, characterizes geometry but not bone density. Goal(s): To evaluate the sensitivity of finite element model-estimated strain to the use of generic material properties. Approach: Finite element models of the tibia-fibula complex were created with heterogeneous (CT referent) or homogeneous (simulating MR) material properties. Errors in strain and percent changes across running stride length conditions were calculated. Results: Strains were substantially underestimated by models using homogeneous material properties, but relative changes in peak strain between and within individuals illustrated strong agreement. Impact: MRI can be used to explore relative changes in bone strain in healthy adults when CT is not available. This option improves the feasibility of using finite element modelling to study bone strain and will enable opportunistic studies.
Streaking Artifact Reduction using Edge Detection (SARED) in Ultrashort Echo Time Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (UTE-QSM)
Authors: Sedaghat Sam , Liu Fang , von Drygalski Annette , Kauczor Hans-Ulrich , Chang Eric , Du Jiang , Jang Hyungseok
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) in MRI is valuable for characterizing tissue composition in the human body. Ultrashort echo time (UTE) is crucial for QSM of short T2 tissues in the musculoskeletal system. Goal(s): As UTE-QSM is susceptible to motion-related streaking artifacts, our study aimed at reducing those artifacts. Approach: A novel approach called Streaking Artifact Reduction using Edge Detection (SARED) is proposed to mitigate such artifacts. The method involves edge detection, exclusion of pixels near edges, and two-step QSM processing. Results: Experimental results from knee and ankle joint imaging showed that SARED significantly reduces streaking artifacts, improving the accuracy of UTE-QSM. Impact: The proposed Streaking Artifact Reduction using Edge Detection (SARED) approach significantly reduced motion-induced streaking artifacts in ultrashort echo time quantitative susceptibility mapping (UTE-QSM), enhancing accuracy in characterizing musculoskeletal tissues.
Deep Learning Reconstruction with Different Undersampling Strategies for T1ρ Mapping with Magnetization-Prepared GRE
Authors: Jafari Ramin , Wu Can , Zhao Yansong , Peng Qi
Published: November 2024

Motivation: To accelerate knee imaging for T1ρ mapping in clinical practiceGoal(s): To evaluate deep learning reconstruction from undersampled knee imagingApproach: Three different sampling strategies were proposed to further decrease scan time and reconstruct images with deep learningResults: Deep learning reconstruction results are in good agreement with reference images. Impact: This work will allow use of novel contrasts including T1ρ to be performed within clinical workflow and improve patient diagnosis
TFL Fat Fraction Predicts Worse Patient-Reported Hip Pain After 4 Years
Authors: Chen Laura , Argentieri Erin , Larson Peder , Souza Richard , Bhattacharjee Rupsa , Majumdar Sharmila
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Hip abductor muscles have a fundamental role in walking and other daily physical tasks. Relating hip abductor muscle fat fractions to patient-reported hip outcomes at a later timepoint could provide insights on exercise targets for patients with hip osteoarthritis who may become candidates for total hip arthroplasty. Goal(s): The study seeks to determine if hip abductor muscle fat fractions predict patient-reported hip outcomes after 4 years. Approach: Linear mixed-effects regressions were performed to investigate relationships between baseline hip abductor fat fractions and PROMS at follow-up. Results: Higher baseline TFL fat fraction was associated with worse patient-reported hip pain scores at 4-year follow-up. Impact: Our findings suggest performing further research into tensor fascia lata fat fraction in relation to future clinical outcomes for patients with hip osteoarthritis.
The application of T2 mapping, DWI and SPARCC in monitoring the treatment of sacroiliac bone marrow edema in patients with ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: song Jiawei Wang Lingling
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Evaluation of sacroiliac subarticular bone marrow edema for active inflammation of ankylosing spondylitis（AS）before and after biologic treatment. Goal(s): MRI T2 mapping, DWI and SPARCC scores were used to compare the changes of BME in patients with AS before and after biologic treatment. Approach: DWI, SPARCC scores and T2mapping were compared to evaluate the changes of bone marrow edema in patients with sacroiliac arthritis alone or in combination. Results: The integrated diagnostic efficacy of DWI and T2 mapping demonstrates an optimal performance. Impact: The combined application of magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), T2 mapping, and STIR-T2WI SPARCC scores provides an effective quantitative method for the clinical evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of biologics in AS.
Reactive oxygen species responsive theranotics nanoprobe for chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging in osteoarthritis
Authors: Lin Ting , Tao Quan , Lu Yao
Published: November 2024

Motivation: There is still a lack of noninvasive technique in quantifying the acidic extracellular pH of damaged cartilage in early osteoarthritis (OA). Goal(s): We aimed to fabricate an advance reactive oxygen species (ROS) responsive CEST-MRI contrast agent for damaged cartilaged imaging and treatment in OA. Approach: We use CEST-MRI to investigate whether our sythesized PLGE-TK-PEG@PDA-SA nanoparticles repond to ROS accumulating in damaged cartilage could result in the exsistance of CEST signal, while no CEST signal would be tested in normal cartilage without excessive ROS. Results: The PLGA-TK-PEG@PDA-SA nanoparticles could effectively respond to ROS and then produce significant CEST effect for precisely pH measurement. Impact: The novel PLGA-TK-PEG@PDA-SA CEST- MRI contrast could be used to noninvasively monitor the extracellular pH of cartilage in osteoarthritis, and eliminate excessive ROS to defend against its damage to cartilage. This smart, sensitive ROS-responsive nanoprobe is promising for OA theranostics.
A 3.5-minute ultrafast brain MRI and head MRA protocol for evaluation of acute ischemic stroke in the inpatient setting
Authors: Lang Min , Cortes Maria Camila , Clifford Bryan , Lo Wei-Ching , Yee Seonghwan , Applewhite Brooks , Tabari Azadeh , Cauley Stephen , Bilgic Berkin , Feiweier Thorsten , Lev Michael , Schaefer Pamela , Huang Susie , Conklin John
Published: November 2024

Motivation: MRI is more sensitive than CT for diagnosing ischemic stroke, yet its use in the acute setting is limited by acquisition time. Goal(s): To determine the diagnostic performance of an ultrafast 3T brain MRI/head MRA protocol compared to a standard-of-care reference protocol for evaluation of acute ischemic stroke. Approach: Two raters evaluated diagnostic quality and presence of acute and chronic intracranial findings in 12 inpatients imaged with ultrafast and reference protocols. Results: Both raters found the ultrafast protocol was of diagnostic quality. Acute infarction, significant vascular findings, and most chronic findings were equally identified on both ultrafast and reference protocols. Impact: The 3.5-minute ultrafast MR/MRA protocol may improve time to diagnosis and intervention in acute stroke without sacrificing diagnostic quality. It may improve patient throughout and triage in inpatient and emergency settings without compromising diagnosis or patient safety.
Microstructural Alterations in Language-Related White Matter Tracts in Post Basal Ganglia Stroke: A DSI study
Authors: Li Xuewei , Zhou Hongwei , Jiang Yueluan
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Post-stroke basal ganglia aphasia is common in clinical practice, and it is necessary to explain the causes of aphasia after basal ganglia infarction from imaging perspectives.Goal(s): To obtain white matter fiber bundles associated with the occurrence of basal ganglia aphasia. Approach: To apply DSI studio and use deterministic fiber-tracking algorithm to reconstruct language-related fiber bundles and measurequantitative anisotropy (QA) of each white matter tracts. Results: The damage to language related white matter fiber bundles such as corpus callosum fibers may be related to the occurrence of basal ganglia aphasia after stroke. Impact: By studying the integrity of white matter fiber bundles of basal ganglia aphasia after stroke, it provides an auxiliary role for clinical analysis of its pathogenesis.
Predictive Value of PET/MR Indicators for Early Detection of Ischemic Brain Changes Following carotid artery stenting
Authors: Zhang Senhao , Yan Shaozhen , Lu Jie
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Aiming to bridge the diagnostic gap in predicting perioperative ischemic lesions post-CAS, crucial for preempting recurrent strokes. Goal(s): To pinpoint predictive markers on DWI for new ischemic brain lesions within 3 days post-CAS. Approach: Employed a retrospective analysis of preoperative PET/MR imaging in 47 CAS patients, correlating with postoperative DWI outcomes. Results: Identification of high PET SUVmax, SCAIL scores, and complex plaques as significant predictors of new ischemic lesions, offering a strategic tool for early high-risk patient detection. Impact: This study aids clinicians in stratifying stroke risk, influencing patient management and treatment tailoring. It opens avenues for precision medicine in stroke prevention and underscores the need for advanced imaging in preoperative assessments.
Neurometabolic Changes Post Stroke are Associated with Cerebral Artery Distributions: A Combined 3D 1H-MRSI and MRA Study
Authors: Xu Chang , Wang Tianyao , Zhou Hong , Meng Ziyu , Bo Bin , Zhao Yibo , Li Yudu , Jin Wen , Liang Zhi-Pei , Li Yao
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Elucidating the time-dependent pathological evolution of infarction is essential for the effective management of stroke. Goal(s): Our goal was to investigate the influence of vascular characteristics on neurometabolites changes within lesions at different times post stroke. Approach: 3D 1H-MRSI scanning using SPICE technology (scan time: 8 minutes, resolution: 2 × 3 × 3 mm3, FOV: 240 × 240 × 72 mm3) was performed on 74 acute stroke patients. The neurometabolites maps were compared with a statistical atlas of cerebral artery. Results: We showed the vessel distributions were related to the neurometabolites changes following ischemic stroke, collectively improving the prediction of stroke symptom onset. Impact: Using fast high-resolution 1H-MRSI together with cerebral artery atlas, our study showed that the interdependence between vessel distribution and neurometabolites changes in ischemic stroke. The finding may help find useful biomarkers for modeling stroke lesion evolution and symptom onset prediction.
The effect of long label duration on hybrid multi-delay PCASL of time-encoded and variable-TR schemes in Moyamoya disease
Authors: Togao Osamu , Obara Makoto , Mikayama Ryoji , Yamashita Koji , Kikuchi Kazufumi , Wada Tatsuhiro , Tokunaga Chiaki , Ishida Shota , Vaclavu Lena , van Osch Matthias J.P. , van de Ven Kim , Van Cauteren Marc , Ishigami Kousei
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Accurate quantification of cerebral perfusion in Moyamoya disease using ASL is challenging. Goal(s): To investigate the effect of long LD in hybrid multi-delay PCASL of time-encoded and variable TR schemes. Approach: Patients with Moyamoya disease were scanned with hybrid schemes with respectively 12 delays obtained with LD of 2s (LD2s) and 9 delays obtained with LD of 3s (LD3s). Results: The tSNR of LD3s was significantly higher than that of LD2s, especially in the regions with prolonged ATT. CBF measured by both methods showed a strong correlation, but the differences in CBF became larger for longer ATT. Impact: The use of a long LD of 3s for hybrid multi-delay PCASL provides higher SNR compared to that of 2s, and may be useful for assessing cerebral perfusion with prolonged ATT as often seen in Moyamoya disease.
Quantitative CEST and qMT MRI as Biomarkers of Response to Anti-Inflammatory Therapy in Rat Contusion Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Mu Chaoqi , Reed Jamie , Wang Feng , Gore John , Chen Li Min
Published: November 2024

Motivation: To evaluate quantitative MRI metrics as biomarkers of spinal cord injury treatment effects in a rat contusion model. Goal(s): Determine the efficacy of Riluzole on SCI inflammation and myelination and quantify concomitant changes in MRI parameters longitudinally in treated and control animals. Approach: We acquired CEST and qMT MR images in anesthetized rats after a lumbar contusion injury, and quantified longitudinal changes associated with neuroinflammation and demyelination for 8 weeks in Riluzole treatment and controls animals. Results: Increase in CEST (3.5 ppm) APT concentration and PSR values were correlated with Riluzole effect, indicating their utility as biomarkers for treatment response. Impact: The use of quantitative MRI imaging can be used to non-invasively probe SCI treatment efficacy in pre-clinical studies. This will improve and further the development of novel SCI treatments.
Measuring tract specific intramedullary damage level with 3D lesion segmentations following spinal cord injury
Authors: Farner Lynn , Schading-Sassenhausen Simon , Seif Maryam , Curt Armin , Emmenegger Tim , Freund Patrick
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Assessing the extent of intramedullary lesion after traumatic spinal cord injury (tSCI) has been shown to correlate with the severity of tSCI. We expand this approach, by understanding the injury's impact on individual spinal tracts and evaluating its connection to clinical severity. Goal(s): To fully characterize the extent of injury to the ascending and descending tracts on T2-weighted sagittal scans. Approach: We achieve this by manually delineating the lesion based on T2w-sagittal scans, projecting it into three planes, enabling 3D-visualization. Results: Significant correlations between damage to the left- and right-descending tracts, right-ascending tract and tract-associated clinical scores were found, indicating clinical validity. Impact: 3D-lesion characterization allows tract-specific analysis in traumatic SCI patients. It allows a precise assessment of injury to specific tracts on both sides of the spinal cord. This approach can inform tailored treatment and rehabilitation strategies.
Exploration of brain GABA levels alterations in patient with neurologic Wilson disease
Authors: Hu Xiao , Xu Rui , Zhu Yi , Jiang Ke
Published: November 2024

Motivation: To better understand the effect of abnormal copper metabolism on the brain GABA level in patients with neurologic Wilson disease. Goal(s): To explore brain GABA level alterations in patients with neurologic Wilson disease compared to healthy controls. Approach: Five neurologic WD patients and five healthy controls underwent magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) on a 3.0 scanner and GABA signal was acquired from left striatum and left thalamus using MEGA-PRESS. Results: The GABA level in the left striatum was significant reduced while in left thalamus it had no changes. Impact: This study suggests that the abnormality of GABA energy system may exist in the pathogenesis of neurologic WD, and adjusting neurotransmission of γ-aminobutyric acid may be an important target for neuroprotection in WD.
Fetal GAs prediction via geometric descriptors of cortical development
Authors: Ciceri Tommaso , Squarcina Letizia , Bertoldo Alessandra , Brambilla Paolo , Melzi Simone , Peruzzo Denis
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Capture more nuanced aspects of fetal brain cortex development. Goal(s): Investigate the cortical surface of 65 fetal brain reconstructions from MRI examinations with global descriptors derived from scalar point-wise curvature-based metrics (H, K, SI, C, FI) and multidimensional point-wise shape signatures (HKS, WKS, SHOT). Approach: The morphometric properties extracted by these descriptors were provided as input to SVR models to predict the gestational age. Two public atlases and one dataset were adopted to train and test the models, respectively. Results: SHOT better encode the cerebral cortex development during pregnancy, achieving a prediction R2 of 0.89 and MAE of 6.3 days. Impact: SHOT provides researchers with sophisticated tool to capture more nuanced aspects of the fetal brain cortex development across gestational ages.
Altered cerebral oxygen extraction and metabolism in preterm neonates and the relationship to anemia: a non-contrast MRI study
Authors: Lin Zixuan , Wu Dan , Jiang Dengrong , Lu Hanzhang , Qi Ying
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The effect of preterm birth on cerebral oxygenation and its underlying mechanism have not been fully elucidated. Goal(s): The goal of current study is to evalute cerebral oxygenation with non-contrast MRI techniques in a group of preterm-born neonates. Approach: Cerebral oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) and metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) were measured with TRUST MRI together with cerebral blood flow (CBF) in 50 neonates. Results: We showed that neonates with lower gestational age had higher OEF, lower CBF and lower CMRO2, controlling for postmenstrual age. Higher OEF was associated with higher Apgar score. Hematocrit significantly mediated the increase of OEF in preterm neonates. Impact: The results suggested a potential role of MRI-based oxygenation measurement in the assessment of transfusion and intervention for preterm neonates.
Assessment of individualised cortical gyrification in infants with congenital heart disease
Authors: Cromb Daniel , Wilson Siân , Bonthrone Alexandra , Chew Andrew , Kelly Christopher , Kumar Manu , Cawley Paul , Dimitrova Ralica , Pushparajah Kuberan , Simpson John , Rutherford Mary , Edwards David , Hajnal Joseph , O'Muircheartaigh Jonathan , Counsell Serena
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is common and associated with impaired early brain development. Goal(s): To assess whether preoperative cortical Gyrification Index (GI) in infants with CHD deviates from the normal trajectory. Approach: GI trajectories were normatively-modelled using reference control MRI data from 320 healthy infants, enabling calculation of GI Z-scores for the whole brain and frontal, occipital, parietal, temporal, cingulate and insular cortices for 130 infants with CHD, after accounting for sex, postmenstrual age at scan and days since birth at scan. Results: Mean GI Z-scores were significantly lower for the whole brain and all cortical regions in infants with CHD (All PFDR<0.018)Impact: Global and regional brain gyrification is reduced in infants with critical or severe CHD in the neonatal period, prior to cardiac surgery, and these individualised measures of cortical folding are significantly associated with cerebral oxygen delivery in the neonatal period.
Detection of Abnormal Brain Perfusion in Children with Global Developmental Delay Using 3D Pseudo-Continuous Arterial Spin Labeling Imaging
Authors: Zhou Liang , Zhao Xin , Lu Lin , Cheng Meiying , Yang Jinze , Wang Kaiyu , Xuan Desheng , Meng Lingsong , Zhang Penghua , Zhang Hebo , Zhang Xiaoan
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Early detection of global developmental delay (GDD) in young children is imperative for effective intervention. Goal(s): The goal of this study is to determine whether CBF values, measured through 3D-pcASL, can aid in early GDD diagnosis and intervention. Approach: Twenty-six children with GDD and 13 age- and sex-matched healthy controls underwent 3D-T1 and 3D-pcASL imaging. CBF values in various brain regions were analyzed and compared using statistical tests. Results: The study found significantly lower CBF values in the right occipital lobe and left basal ganglia in GDD children. CBF values in these regions demonstrated potential as diagnostic markers for GDD. Impact: This study's findings suggest that 3D-pcASL perfusion imaging can aid in early diagnosis of global developmental delay (GDD) in young children. Detecting GDD through non-invasive imaging may enhance early intervention, ultimately improving developmental outcomes.
Harmonic power validation of fiber ball imaging
Authors: Moss Hunter , Jensen Jens , Benitez Andreana
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Fiber ball imaging (FBI) makes quantitative predictions beyond the previously reported diffusion MRI (dMRI) b-value scaling of the direction-averaged signal. Goal(s): Test the validity of the main FBI modeling assumptions. Approach: In vivo human dMRI data from white matter were acquired at b-values ranging from 1000 to 10,000 s/mm2, and the spherical harmonic expansion was calculated for degrees up to l = 6. Theoretical predictions from FBI for the harmonic power b-value dependence were then compared to the experimental results. Results: A close matching is observed between theory and experiment for b ≥ 4000 s/mm2. Impact: The observed harmonic power b-value dependence strongly support the two main FBI assumptions that 1) axons can be modeled as thin, impermeable cylinders, and 2) intra-axonal water dominates the dMRI signal for b ≥ 4000 s/mm2.
Generative AI for Rapid Diffusion MRI with Improved Image Quality, Reliability and Generalizability
Authors: Sadikov Amir , Pan Xineli , Choi Hannah , Cai Lanya , Mukherjee Pratik
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Long scan times limit the clinical usage of diffusion MRI (dMRI)Goal(s): We aim to perform rapid dMRI with high accuracy and reproducibilityApproach: We employ a Swin UNEt Transformers (Swin) model, trained on Human Connectome Project data and conditioned on registered T1 scans, to perform generalized dMRI denoising and super-resolution, requiring only 90 seconds of scan time. Results: Compared with state-of-the-art self-supervised methods, the fully-supervised Swin UNETR achieved higher accuracy on external out-of-domain (OOD) datasets and exhibited 50% lower coefficient-of-variation for intracellular volume fraction and free water fraction measurements. Fine-tuning on even a single example scan improved performance. Impact: Our approach achieves unprecedented accuracy and reproducibility in dMRI datasets acquired in different patient populations using different scanner models and pulse sequences and will enable much shorter dMRI scan times for patients unable to cooperate with lengthy imaging protocols.
Multi-shot 3D diffusion MRI sequence for a fast and high-resolution imaging at 3T
Authors: Feizollah Sajjad , Tardif Christine
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Several multi-shot 2D acquisition techniques have been developed to improve the resolution of diffusion MRI (dMRI) of the brain, but require long scan times. Goal(s): To develop a 3D dMRI sequence with improved SNR efficiency to achieve high-resolution scans in a reasonable time. Approach: We implemented a 3D spin echo sequence with an inversion pulse before the excitation to improve SNR at short repetition times and a TURBINE readout trajectory. Projection-based image reconstruction is employed to avoid artifacts caused by shot-to-shot phase errors. Results: Phantom and human scans at 3T show an improvement in SNR efficiency over 2D dMRI. Impact: We designed a multi-shot 3D dMRI sequence that is SNR efficient and robust to motion artifacts between shots. This sequence will enable high-resolution diffusion-weighted imaging of the whole brain in short scan times.
Diffusion-weighted imaging of the sellar region: A comparison study of TGSE-BLADE and RESOLVE sequences
Authors: Shi Hai , Hu Hao , Zhou Kun , Hsu Yi-Cheng , Wu Fei-Yun
Published: November 2024

Motivation: We aim to investigate the potential of TGSE-BLADE diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI) in mitigating image artifacts and distortions within the sellar region. Goal(s): Our study involves a comparative analysis of image quality between TGSE-BLADE diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and RESOLVE-DWI within the sellar region. Approach: We compared qualitative (overall imaging quality, artifacts and distortions) and quantitative (signal-to-noise ratio [SNR] and apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC]) parameters between RESOLVE-DWI and TGSE-BLADE-DWI images. Results: TGSE-BLADE-DWI exhibited higher imaging quality with less artifacts and distortions and a higher SNR than did RESOLVE-DWI (P<0.05). The tissue ADCs did not differ significantly between the groups (P>0.05). Impact: TGSE-BLADE-DWI offers a solution to diffusion imaging distortion. Comparative analysis highlights its superiority in mitigating sellar region distortion, promising enhanced quality in challenging clinical applications.
Spiral interleaving for diffusion encoding and relaxometry (SPIDER)
Authors: Yong Xingwang , Lee Hong-Hsi , Fujita Shohei , Jun Yohan , Cho Jaejin , Liu Qiang , Zu Tao , Zhang Yi , Bilgic Berkin
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Current diffusion readout methods have a relatively long echo time and readout duration, which prevent multi-echo imaging. Goal(s): To implement a diffusion sequence with multiple echoes readout for performing diffusion relaxometry. Approach: A 3-echo diffusion sequence, SPIDER, with variable density spiral readout was designed. Results: The proposed SPIDER showed comparable images with reference EPI method at shorter echo time. Impact: The proposed method showed the ability to acquire 3 echoes for 1mm2 resolution for low b-value, which could help multi-echo diffusion modeling.
Motion-Corrected Distortion Reduction Around Metallic Implant Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging at 3T
Authors: Tounekti Slimane , Bilgic Berkin , Middleton Devon , Leibold Adam , Alizadeh Mahdi , Krisa Laura , Mekkaoui* Choukri , Mohamed* Feroze
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The presence of metallic implants results in severe geometric distortion, limiting the ability of performing quantitative DTI measurement near the hardware. Goal(s): Goal: develop an acquisition method to address metal artifact DTI on post-operative patients with metallic hardware. Approach: A custom-built pulse sequence based on the combination of the reduced-Field-Of-View strategy and multi-shot EPI is suggested. Results: : In-vivo and in-vitro results show that the proposed approach provides distortion-reduced and signal void at the level of the metal hardware compared to the standard method. Impact: The ability of collecting reduced metal-artifact DTI maps around the hardware enables establishing imaging biomarkers to assess injury evolution and thoroughly evaluate microstructure changes after surgery.
Practical Considerations for DECOMPOSE-QSM in the Human Brain
Authors: Fuchs Patrick , Chen Jingjia , Liu Chunlei , Shmueli Karin
Published: November 2024

Motivation: DECOMPOSE-QSM is a susceptibility source separation method that has the potential for many clinical applications. However, its sensitivity to input QSM acquisition parameters and reconstruction method, and its repeatability are unknown. Goal(s): To investigate the performance and repeatability of DECOMPOSE-QSM with QSM calculated using various acquisition schemes and multiple dipole inversion methods. Approach: Eight different QSM dipole-inversion methods were used as inputs for DECOMPOSE-QSM. Multi-echo GRE were acquired with different protocols to evaluate reproducibility and sensitivity to the acquisition. Results: We reduced susceptibility contrast differences from different QSM methods by normalizing input susceptibilities. DECOMPOSE-QSM results were repeatable across different subjects. Impact: We showed that, with normalization, inputting QSM from different inversion methods yields similar DECOMPOSE-QSM separation maps and that this technique is reproducible. Taking into account its sensitivity to different acquisition parameters will facilitate further clinical applications of DECOMPOSE-QSM.
Visualization of iron and myelin cytoarchitecture in postmortem human brain using sub-millimeter multi-orientation chi- separation
Authors: Shin Hyeong-Geol , Uchida Yuto , Redding-Ochoa Javier , Onda Kengo , Barrett Alexander , Bibic Adnan , Troncoso Juan C. , van Zijl Peter , Oishi Kenichi , Li Xu
Published: November 2024

Motivation: While high-resolution quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) reveals unprecedented anatomical cytoarchitectures, delineation of certain substructures may be limited in regions containing both iron and myelin. Goal(s): To demonstrate iron and myelin-specific anatomy inside human brain using sub-millimeter susceptibility source-separation (chi-separation). Approach: Sub-millimeter multi-orientation QSM and chi-separation were obtained on postmortem human hemibrain at 7T. Capabilities of QSM, χpara and χdia contrasts for delineating neuroanatomy were compared. Results: While iron-rich substructures like line of Gennari can be readily identified in QSM, χdia helps reveal small fibers including striatal tracts, perforant pathway and fibers in cortical/subthalamic area. Impact: Sub-millimeter susceptibility source separation images can delineate neuroanatomical substructures in the human brain with increasing specificity to iron or myelin related cytoarchitecture.
Background R2* correction for χ-separation (chi-separation)
Authors: Min Kyeongseon , Lee Jongho
Published: November 2024

Motivation: An advanced quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) technique, χ-separation, requires tissue field map and R2* to separate paramagnetic and diamagnetic components. As the background field is removed to acquire the tissue field map, the background R2* needs to be removed to accurately estimate paramagnetic and diamagnetic susceptibility maps. Goal(s): Investigate the effect of background R2* correction on χ-separation. Approach: The effect of background R2* correction on χ-separation was tested by varying the background R2* with multiple head orientations and k-space filtering. Results: Background R2* correction successfully reduced overestimation in χ-separation maps in different head orientations and low-pass filtering levels. Impact: Background R2* correction enables consistent χ-separation across different head orientations and k-space filtering.
Improved PVS Segmentation using T1-weighted Image: Comparison with T2-weighted Image-Based Segmentation
Authors: Kang Junghwa , Shin Na-Young , Nam Yoonho
Published: November 2024

Motivation: In general, 3D T2 is more sensitive than 3D T1 in quantitatively assessing MR-visible perivascular space in the whole brain. However, in clinical practice, it is common to have 3D T1 but not 3D T2. Goal(s): In this study, we introduce an improved method for PVS quantification using 3D T1 alone. Approach: We used a cascaded model to sequentially improve perivascular space visibility and segmentation accuracy using 3D T1 alone. Results: The result of the proposed method, using the T1w approach, demonstrates high similarity to the results obtained with only T2w data. Impact: This study introduces a method to segment perivascular spaces using T1-weighted images when T2-weighted images are not available. The method involves cascaded models and shows the potential for results similar to T2w-based segmentation.
Perivascular and parenchymal fluid characteristics differentially contribute to cognition in typically developing children and adolescents
Authors: Lynch Kirsten , Custer Rachel , Sibilia Francesca , Sepehrband Farshid , Toga Arthur , Choupan Jeiran
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Perivascular spaces (PVS) play a critical role in fluid transfer and waste clearance in the brain, but few studies have explored how alterations to perivascular fluid flow may impact brain maturation and behaviorGoal(s): This study aims to characterize age-related alterations to perivascular and parenchymal fluid flow characteristics in typically developing children and assess their contribution to cognition. Approach: We employ multi-compartment diffusion models to quantify free water diffusion characteristics within automatically defined perivascular spaces using enhanced PVS contrasts. Results: Our findings show free water diffusion characteristics within the PVS and surrounding parenchyma are associated with age and cognitive scores. Impact: Our findings suggest alterations to perivascular space function may occur as early as childhood. Variations in perivascular and parenchymal fluid properties may be predictive of cognitive outcomes in adolescents, thus underscoring the importance of waste clearance functionality on brain health.
Magnetic resonance imaging-based evaluation of parasagittal dura in young children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Frigerio Giulia , Losa Letizia , Ciceri Tommaso , Elisa Mani , Lanteri Fabiola , Molteni Massimo , Peruzzo Denis , Agarwal Nivedita
Published: November 2024

Motivation: To date, the assessment of cerebral parasagittal dura (PSD), a tissue lining the superior sagittal sinus, remains unexplored in young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Goal(s): Our goal was to quantify the volume of PSD using 3D-T2 Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery (3D-FLAIR) in young children with ASD and investigate correlations between PSD volume and both morphological and clinical variables. Approach: We employed a customized U-net for the automatic segmentation of PSD. Results: The study revealed a significant positive correlation between PSD volume and extra-axial cerebrospinal fluid volume, and a significant negative correlation with the degree of developmental delay in children with ASD. Impact: Our findings indicate that PSD volume may play a key role in neurodevelopment by affecting cerebrospinal fluid dynamics. This highlights the need for further research to understand alterations in the dynamics of neurofluids in the developing brain and in ASD.
CSF fraction measured by MR T2 relaxometry is better than PVS load to associate with amyloid beta deposition in 11C-PiB PET
Authors: Zhou Liangdong , Nguyen Thanh , Wang Xiuyuan , Lan Haoyu , Costa Ana , Chiang Gloria , de Leon Mony , Li Yi
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Perivascular space (PVS) enlargement is used to estimate the severity of glymphatic clearance dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease. There is a lack of imaging tool to estimate the cerebral cortical PVS load. Goal(s): Investigate the association between the MR T2-relaxometry based CSF fraction (CSFF), a measure of total PVS (including both MR visible and invisible PVS), and PET imaging based Aβ deposition. Approach: Use 6-echo FAST-T2 image to map CSFF and correlate it with Aβ deposition in both cognitive normal and mild cognitive impaired groups. Results: CSFF is better than PVS load in association with Aβ deposition in MCI/AD subjects. Impact: Parenchymal CSF fraction measured using MR T2-relaxometry is an estimate of total perivascular space, which reflect glymphatic clearance function. It has superior performance in correlation with Aβ deposition than MRI based PVS segmentation.