bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kinetics of malachite green fading in alcohol–water binary mixtures
Authors: Samiey Babak , Toosi Ali Raoof
Published: June 2010

The rate constant of alkaline fading of malachite green (MG+) was studied in alcohol–water binary mixtures. This reaction was studied under pseudo‐first‐order conditions at 283–303 K. It was observed that the reaction rate constants were increased in the presence of different weight percentages of methanol, ethanol, 1‐propanol, 2‐propanol, ethylene glycol, 1,2‐propanediol, and glycerol (up to 19.3%). In aqueous glycerol solutions higher than 19.3%, the rate constant of reaction slightly decreases, which is due to high viscosity values of solvent mixtures. The fundamental rate constants of MG+ fading in these solutions were obtained by using the SESMORTAC model. Owing to the charged character of activated complex, with an increase in the weight percentage of the used cosolvents or temperature, k2 values change according to the trend of hydroxide ion nucleophilic parameter values. Also, using MG+ solvatochromism, a simple test, called MAGUS, is introduced for measuring the glycerol concentration in its aqueous solutions. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 42: 508–518, 2010
Combination of compressed sensing and parallel imaging for highly accelerated first‐pass cardiac perfusion MRI
Authors: Otazo Ricardo , Kim Daniel , Axel Leon , Sodickson Daniel K.
Published: June 2010

First‐pass cardiac perfusion MRI is a natural candidate for compressed sensing acceleration since its representation in the combined temporal Fourier and spatial domain is sparse and the required incoherence can be effectively accomplished by k‐t random undersampling. However, the required number of samples in practice (three to five times the number of sparse coefficients) limits the acceleration for compressed sensing alone. Parallel imaging may also be used to accelerate cardiac perfusion MRI, with acceleration factors ultimately limited by noise amplification. In this work, compressed sensing and parallel imaging are combined by merging the k‐t SPARSE technique with sensitivity encoding (SENSE) reconstruction to substantially increase the acceleration rate for perfusion imaging. We also present a new theoretical framework for understanding the combination of k‐t SPARSE with SENSE based on distributed compressed sensing theory. This framework, which identifies parallel imaging as a distributed multisensor implementation of compressed sensing, enables an estimate of feasible acceleration for the combined approach. We demonstrate feasibility of 8‐fold acceleration in vivo with whole‐heart coverage and high spatial and temporal resolution using standard coil arrays. The method is relatively insensitive to respiratory motion artifacts and presents similar temporal fidelity and image quality when compared to Generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisitions (GRAPPA) with 2‐fold acceleration. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of knee positions on T2, T*2, and dGEMRIC mapping in porcine knee cartilage
Authors: Shiomi Toshiyuki , Nishii Takashi , Myoui Akira , Yoshikawa Hideki , Sugano Nobuhiko
Published: June 2010

We examined the influence of flexed knee positions on cartilage MR assessments. Sagittal T2, T*2, and delayed gadolinium‐enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC) maps of the femoral cartilage were obtained in eight 6‐month‐old porcine femorotibial joints in the extended knee position (position A: flexion 0° and femoral shaft in parallel with the amplitude of static field), flexed knee position (position B: flexion 40° and femoral shaft oriented at 40° to the amplitude of static field), and oblique‐placed knee‐extended position (position C: flexion 0° and femoral shaft oriented at 40° to the amplitude of static field). Comparison of the MR parameters between positions A and C showed isolated influence of the magic‐angle effect, and comparison between positions A and B showed effects of knee flexion. Proteoglycan and hydroxyproline content in cartilage specimen at each region of interest had no significant correlation with T2, T*2, and dGEMRIC values. At the central zone, located on a weight‐bearing area and parallel to the amplitude of static field, T2/T*2/dGEMRIC values increased by 6.8/11/0.8% at position C and by 24/44/31% at position B compared with position A. There was a significant increase in T2 and T*2 values at position B compared with those at position A. The substantial changes in T2, T*2, and dGEMRIC were shown in response to knee flexion, presumably due to the compounding influence of the magic‐angle effect and change in the intra‐articular biomechanical condition. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ultrashort TE T1rho (UTE T1rho) imaging of the Achilles tendon and meniscus
Authors: Du Jiang , Carl Michael , Diaz Eric , Takahashi Atsushi , Han Eric , Szeverenyi Nikolaus M. , Chung Christine B. , Bydder Graeme M.
Published: June 2010

In this study, we report the use of a novel ultrashort echo time T1rhoT1 sequence that combines a spin‐lock preparation pulse with a two‐dimensional ultrashort echo time sequence of a nominal echo time 8 μsec. The ultrashort echo time‐T1rho sequence was employed to quantify T1rho in short T2 tissues including the Achilles tendon and the meniscus. T1rho dispersion was investigated by varying the spin‐lock field strength. Preliminary results on six cadaveric ankle specimens and five healthy volunteers show that the ultrashort echo time‐T1rho sequence provides high signal and contrast for both the Achilles tendon and the meniscus. The mean T1rho of the Achilles tendon ranged from 3.06 ± 0.51 msec for healthy volunteers to 5.22 ± 0.58 msec for cadaveric specimens. T1rho increased to 8.99 ± 0.24 msec in one specimen with tendon degeneration. A mean T1rho of 7.98 ± 1.43 msec was observed in the meniscus of the healthy volunteers. There was significant T1rho dispersion in both the Achilles tendon and the meniscus. Mean T1rho increased from 2.06 ± 0.23 to 7.85 ± 0.74 msec in normal Achilles tendon and from 7.08 ± 0.64 to 13.42 ± 0.93 msec in normal meniscus when the spin‐lock field was increased from 250 to 1,000 Hz. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An extended finite element/level set method to study surface effects on the mechanical behavior and properties of nanomaterials
Authors: Farsad Mehdi , Vernerey Franck J. , Park Harold S.
Published: June 2010

We present a new approach based on coupling the extended finite element method (XFEM) and level sets to study surface and interface effects on the mechanical behavior of nanostructures. The coupled XFEM‐level set approach enables a continuum solution to nanomechanical boundary value problems in which discontinuities in both strain and displacement due to surfaces and interfaces are easily handled, while simultaneously accounting for critical nanoscale surface effects, including surface energy, stress, elasticity and interface decohesion. We validate the proposed approach by studying the surface‐stress‐driven relaxation of homogeneous and bi‐layer nanoplates as well as the contribution from the surface elasticity to the effective stiffness of nanobeams. For each case, we compare the numerical results with new analytical solutions that we have derived for these simple problems; for the problem involving the surface‐stress‐driven relaxation of a homogeneous nanoplate, we further validate the proposed approach by comparing the results with those obtained from both fully atomistic simulations and previous multiscale calculations based upon the surface Cauchy–Born model. These numerical results show that the proposed method can be used to gain critical insights into how surface effects impact the mechanical behavior and properties of homogeneous and composite nanobeams under generalized mechanical deformation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computerised cognitive behavioural therapy and its uses
Authors: Kaltenthaler Eva , Cavanagh Kate
Published: June 2010

The use of computer software programmes to deliver cognitive behavioural therapy to people with mental health disorders is becoming increasingly popular. Here the authors describe what conditions computerised cognitive behavioural therapy may be useful for, discuss its advantages and disadvantages and outline the current NICE guidance on its use. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Interface Ltd
Ultrathin chromium transparent metal contacts by pulsed dc magnetron sputtering
Authors: Rajani K. V. , Daniels S. , McNally P. J. , Lucas F. Olabanji , Alam M. M.
Published: June 2010

Optoelectronic technology frequently demands optically transparent materials. In this paper we present an overview of the development of ultrathin chromium films of above 80% optical transparency and 102–103 µΩ cm resistivity using bipolar pulsed dc magnetron sputtering. The surface morphology and film resistivity are investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and four point probe, respectively. The variation of the electrical properties of the film with thickness, pulse duty cycle and target power are examined. An optimal experimental condition is suggested for developing transparent metal contacts, which can be used for the realisation of optoelectronic devices including organic light‐emitting diodes on flexible, low cost polymeric substrates. This process does not require high temperature and post‐deposition annealing unlike other transparent conducting oxides.
Structural, optical and electrical properties of indium–molybdenum oxide thin films prepared by spray pyrolysis
Authors: Parthiban S. , Elangovan E. , Ramamurthi K. , Goncalves G. , Martins R. , Fortunato E.
Published: June 2010

Molybdenum doped indium oxide (IO) thin films were deposited on the Coring F1737 glass substrates at 400 °C by spray pyrolysis technique. The Mo doping was varied between 0 and 4 at.%. The films were characterized by their structural, electrical and optical properties. The films are confirmed to be cubic bixbyite In2O3 with a strongest orientation along (222) for 0.5 at.% Mo, which is shifted to (400) plane when the Mo doping is increased to ≥1.2 at.%. The films deposited with 0.5 at.% Mo showed high mobility of ∼90 cm2/Vs, resistivity of ∼6.8 × 10−4 Ω cm and carrier concentration of ∼1.01 × 1020 cm−3 with >∼73% transmittance in the visible range between 500 and 800 nm. The transmittance is well extended into near infrared region.
Protection of minutiae‐based templates using biocryptographic constructs in the set difference metric
Authors: Arakala Arathi , Horadam K. J. , Jeffers Jason , Boztaş Serdar
Published: June 2010

Fingerprint biometric authentication has particular advantages in a highly mobile environment. We investigate design issues involved in building authentication systems using minutia‐based fingerprint templates, where the template is protected during comparison as well as storage. Two popular bio‐cryptographic schemes based on the set difference metric, the Fuzzy Vault and PinSketch, are analysed with regard to theoretical bounds on the template sizes and decision thresholds. We define six different minutiae‐based templates and for each, quantisation parameters are determined that yield the best matching performance at a threshold where the probability of false match is zero. We then determine which, if any, of the representations satisfy the theoretical bounds proposed for each bio‐cryptographic construct. We implement a PinSketch‐based authentication system that uses a combination of a commonality and a set difference measure to securely compare two fingerprint templates, with negligible deterioration in accuracy. Our results indicate that to securely correct the degree of intra‐sample error observed in minutiae‐based templates, efficient commonality‐based error tolerant cryptographic constructs will be more suited than set difference based constructs. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A review on fingerprint orientation estimation
Authors: Hou Zujun , Yau Wei‐Yun , Wang Yue
Published: June 2010

Fingerprint orientation plays important roles in fingerprint enhancement, fingerprint classification, and fingerprint recognition. This paper critically reviews the primary advances on fingerprint orientation estimation. Advantages and limitations of existing methods have been addressed. Issues on future development have been discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychiatrists’ attitude to antipsychotic depot treatment in patients with first-episode schizophrenia
Authors: Heres S. , Reichhart T. , Hamann J. , Mendel R. , Leucht S. , Kissling W.
Published: June 2010

Objective

Despite good clinical evidence, depot antipsychotics are only seldom prescribed to patients with first episode schizophrenia. The present study aims at investigating psychiatrists’ reasons for this reservation.

Method

We surveyed 198 psychiatrists on their attitude toward offering depot treatment to first episode patients (FEP). Participants scored the extent of influence of individual factors on their decision on a seven-point-scale, additional data on their prescription practice and estimation of the relapse risk of FEP were collected.

Results

Psychiatrists reported that only three out of 12 factors were of influence. These were the limited availability of different second generation antipsychotic depot drugs, the frequent rejection of the depot offer by the patients and the patients’ skepticism based on the lack in experience of a relapse.

Conclusions

There is actually little specific reason for not prescribing depot to FEP according to the current survey. For those factors being reported to be of influence, psychoeducation, including profound information on depot treatment, the development of additional SGA depot drugs and the standard offer of depot treatment to all FEP in a shared-decision-making may be considered.
Interaction between mafic and felsic magmas in subvolcanic environment (Tastau igneous complex, eastern Kazakhstan)
Authors: Dokukina K.A. , Konilov A.N. , Kaulina T.V. , Vladimirov V.G.
Published: June 2010

The paper reports the results of integrated geological, petrological, geochemical, and geochronological studies of the Tastau igneous ring complex in the Zaisan orogen of eastern Kazakhstan. Interaction between felsic and mafic magmas has been studied. Hybrid rocks are represented by gabbros and diorites injected into a granitic magma chamber. They occur as dikes and pillow-like and globular mafic bodies variously disintegrated and mixed with host granitoids. The age of synplutonic rocks is 242 ± 20 Ma (U/Pb zircon dating), which is, with regard to analytical error, substantially younger than it was presumed.

Mechanisms of interaction between felsic and mafic magmas have been studied. They include mechanical (mingling) and chemical (mixing) interaction, which produce composite mixtures and hybrid rocks. The ratios of mafic to felsic components involved in the formation of intermediate rocks were calculated from major elements by regression analysis and tested with regard to rare and trace elements. The model for mingling includes rapid quenching of the mafic melt when it is injected into the granitic magma chamber, decomposition of crystalline fragments, dispersion of fragments and crystals in the magma chamber under conditions of rapid turbulent flow, and enrichment of felsic magma with femic components to produce monzonitic magmas.
Stratigraphic chart of Cambrian deposits in the Turukhansk–Irkutsk–Olekma region, Siberian Platform
Authors: Mel’nikov N.V. , Shabanov Yu.Ya. , Shabanova O.S.
Published: June 2010

The former stratigraphic chart of the Cambrian in the Turukhansk–Irkutsk–Olekma region of the Siberian Platform was compiled in 1986 and approved in 1988. Large amounts of data were obtained from new wells drilled in the western and northern parts of the region during the preceding 20 years. Modifications necessitated by new data entail an indefinitely continuous series of revised facies zonation, recognition of new facies areas, regions and zone, as well as definition of a regional early Mayan stratigraphic hiatus. A new local stratigraphic division is the Olenchima Member (base of the Evenk Formation) underlain by a hiatus. The term Kochumdek Formation is no longer used in the Bakhta region and its lithologically distinct subformations (Yasenga, Moktakon, Mara, and Abakun) were raised to formation rank. The Olenchima Formation is no longer used in the Baikit zone; but instead, the Litvintsevo Formation was established here by correlation.
Evolution of Stromatoporoidea in the Ordovician–Silurian epicontinental basin of the Siberian Platform and Taimyr
Authors: Khromych V.G.
Published: June 2010

The paper discusses the evolution of Stromatoporoidea in the epicontinental sedimentary basin of the Siberian Platform and Taimyr during the Ordovician and Silurian. Specimens of the oldest genus, Priscastroma, were found in the middle of Middle Ordovician sediments. This genus is represented by the species P. gemina Khrom., which has two forms, A and B. Tracing the emergence of new genera over time, we identified two distinct branches in stromatoporoid evolution.

The ancestor of the first branch is P. gemina f. A, which gave rise to the genus Cystostroma. The latter is the ancestor of two subbranches with predominant horizontal skeletal elements. The subbranches differ only in tissue microstructure. The genera Stromatocerium, Dermatostroma, and Aulacera display dense fibrous microstructure, whereas the genus Rosenella and its descendants display dense microstructure. The genus Lophiostroma, with a lamellar–fibrous tissue, may be a dead branch of evolution.

The ancestor of the second branch is P. gemina f. B, which gave rise to the genus Labechia and its descendants. This branch has a dense tissue, with predominant vertical skeletal elements.

Ordovician stromatoporoids from Siberia were compared with those from other basins of the world. Comparison shows that all the Ordovician genera from the epicontinental basin of the Siberian Platform and Taimyr originated here. Thus, this basin was one of the centers of stromatoporoid origin.
Dream Recollection and Wittgenstein's Language
Authors: Price J. T.
Published: June 2010

Philosophers have long been interested in dreams, for a variety of reasons. Much recent discussion has narrowed the scope of the traditional concern, however, and today dreams are often regarded from a position of skepticism and implicit behaviorism. This standpoint grew out of, and helped to reinforce, a habit of regarding Wittgenstein's later work as demonstrating a need for public, behavioral criteria of meanings. Thus, philosophers have wondered if there is any sense in saying that we do experience dreams, because so few of the usual criteria of “experience” apply to them. This is no occasion to review the complete history of dream interpretation by analytic philosophers, let alone the orthodox interpretation of the Philosophical Investigations. Instead, I will report an aspect of dreaming which has been overlooked in recent discussion, apply these findings to some of the alleged difficulties of speaking meaningfully of dream experience and, finally, attempt to locate this understanding of dreaming within Wittgenstein's later work.
Totalité, Totalisation et Totalitarisme
Authors: Latouche Serge
Published: June 2010

On a pu croire longtemps, grâce en particulier à Lukacs, que le concept de totalité était la clef de la dialectique matérialiste. Le marxisme, en tant que méthode, serait distinct de l'empirisme, essentiellement atomiste, par l'appréhension des totalités concrètes.
Hume and Descartes On Self-Acquaintance
Authors: Mouton David L.
Published: June 2010

The idea of self-knowledge divides naturally into two parts in accordance with the distinction between knowledge by acquaintance and knowledge by description. I know myself and I know things about myself. The latter I know partly from self-acquaintance, partly from the behavior, especially linguistic, of others, and partly from each of these. All aspects of self-knowledge are controversial, so I shall concentrate in this paper on the question of self-acquaintance. My purpose is both philosophical and historical. It is commonly believed that Hume and Descartes held diametrically opposed, or at least strongly contrasting, views regarding self-acquaintance since Hume is regularly ridiculed for his denial of ability to discover his own Self whereas it would occur to no one to ascribe that same view to the author of the Meditations. In this paper I shall argue that contrary to appearances these two philosophers either held the same position or Descartes occupied the more agnostic extreme; and also that the position usually ascribed to Hume is, when properly understood, both correct and of fundamental philosophical significance. Part of my reason for selecting Hume and Descartes for analysis and comparison is to show thereby that the thesis of this paper is true independently of the rationalist/empiricist schism in philosophy.
Langage et idéologie Chez le Jeune Marx
Authors: Meunier Jean-Guy
Published: June 2010

Même si le concept d'idéologie remonte dans ses premiers emplois à Destutt de Tracy, il est sans contredit un concept pour lequel le marxisme réclame un privilège. C'est à Karl Marx que l'on reconnaît le rôle d'instigateur de cette problématique.

L'interprétation classique du concept d'idéologie oriente cette problématique vers l'aspect de détermination sociale des idées telle la sociologie de la connaissance qui l'identifie à des problèmes de fausse conscience, d'illusions, de justifications, etc. Que l'on se réfère à Lukacs, à Mannheim et encore récemment à Althusser, le problème de l'idéologie se pose en termes de conscience, de représentation déterminée par des conditions socio-économiques.
Le Maître de la lampe
Authors: Germain Paul
Published: June 2010

Dans son livre American Philosophy and the Future, Michael Novak nous rappelle que nous vivons sous la menace des conflits nucléaires. Si nous n'y prenons garde, nous dit-il, nous serons bientôt dans l'impossibilité de philosopher. Cet avertissement a de quoi nous étonner. Y aurait-il des bombes atomiques sans une philosophie de la bombe ?

Il y aurait bien d'autres objets, les uns plus extraordinaires que les autres, que nous apporte à un rythme toujours plus accéléré la nouvelle technologic et sur lesquels il nous faudrait aussi philosopher et même davantage. Ainsi, un éditorial de Journal of the American Medical Association nous fait part des craintes que provoquent, chez médecins et biologistes, les expériences faites en vue de la fabrication des bébés-éprouvette — ‘test-tube babies’.
Quelques notes et questions sur le Hasard et la nécessité de Jacques Monod
Authors: Dandenault Germain
Published: June 2010

Cette communication est une interprétation personnelle du livre de Jacques Monod. Mais cette interprétation est beaucoup plus interrogative qu'affirmative et n'est que l'occasion, sinon le prétexte, d'entendre d'autres voix se prononcer sur ce qui me semble être d'un très grand intérêt philosophique actuel. Cet exposé sera donc bref: s'il recueille quelques citations essentielles, étayées des références qui les prolongent et ramifient le courant de leurs penseées, il se contente le plus souvent de simples références aux pages qu'il interprète. Pour faciliter l'échange des idées, il se divise en énonciations et interrogations numérotées.
L'Anœdipien
Authors: Bertrand Pierre
Published: June 2010

Quelque chose arrive, venant du dehors de nos façons habituelles de penser et de vivre. Qui ne s'adresse pas au sujet fixe et personnalisé en nous mais au désir, seul sujet. Les satisfaits de tous bords, satisfaits de la psychanalyse, satisfaits du capitalisme, satisfaits du marxisme orthodoxe, satisfaits de toute orthodoxie, s'abstenir. Un livre qui exclut le lecteur-interprète, car plus qu'un livre, une fuite faisant fuir, œuvre-machine. Un vent violent déchirant les toiles d'araignée trop bien tissées de la philosophie de la représentation, de la linguistique du signifiant, de l'anthropologie échangiste, de la politique économiste et surtout de la psychanalyse œdipienne. Une analyse des flux. A ce plus-que-texte, rien d'inhumain n'est étranger, même et surtout pas le sexe. Réécriture de Au-delà du principe du plaisir, approfondissement de La généalogie de la morale, continuation du Capital, ici est amorcée une réponse, plus poétique que philosophique, plutôt schizo-anal-ytique que psych-anal-ytique, matérialiste, au problème fondamental de la pensée contemporaine, celui des relations entre le politique, l'économique et le libidinal. Marx, contre Freud, avec Nietzsche; et Miller, Lawrence, Ginsberg, Beckett, Artaud …
Philosopher, c'est apprendre à mourir
Authors: Chené-Williams Adèle
Published: June 2010

Il nous paraît assez significatif qu'au long de l'histoire de la philosophic, la quête du sens de l'existence se soit développée, quoique sous des modes différents, dans une étroite relation avec le dévoilement de la mort. Dans son effort de se donner la réalité, l'activité rationnelle effectue une séparation avec cette réalité, reproduisant ainsi la coupure originelle des êtres vécue dans l'expérience du changement; cependant, nous croyons déceler dans cette activité même une action sur cette séparation, une conquête, une maîtrise, qu'elle prenne la forme du défi ou de l'assomption. L'exercice de mort caractéristique de la philosophic serait-il done le prélude d'une création?
Hegel's Philosophy of Nature
Authors: Doull James A.
Published: June 2010

Two translations into English of Hegel's Philosophy of Nature have appeared in the same year a century after the other parts of the Encyclopaedia—the Logic and the Philosophy of Mind—had been translated. The Victorian translator passed by the Philosophy of Nature, unconscious that to omit the middle part of a systematic work must certainly conceal the sense of the whole. He finds it a sufficient explanation that “for nearly half a century the study of nature has passed almost completely out of the hands of the philosophers into the care of the specialists of science.” Revived for a few years by Schelling and then Hegel, Philosophy of Nature only recalled “a time of hasty enthusiasms and over-grasping ambition of thought which, in its eagerness to understand the mystery of the universe, jumped to conclusions on insufficient grounds, trusted to bold but fantastic analogies, and lavished an unwise contempt on the plodding industry of the mere hodman of facts and experiments.” This modest retreat of philosophy before the specialists is not thought to need explanation, even though it was not only from the seeming extravagance of Schelling and Hegel but from the general preoccupation of philosophers since Bacon and Descartes with natural philosophy.
Structures of Wonder in Aesthetic Experience
Authors: Hogan Homer
Published: June 2010

In his recent article, “A Philosophy of Wonder”, Howard Parsons launched an investigation into the nature of wonder, a subject that is of the highest importance, not only for making philosophy relevant to the present condition of man and society, but also for expanding and integrating philosophic disciplines. With care and sensitivity, he marked out the main sources of evidence for understanding wonder as a phenomenon, distinguished some of its leading features, and most important, showed that analysis of this essential structure of consciousness might illuminate a host of other phenomena in psychology, epistemology, aesthetics, ethics, politics, and religion.
Pseudo-Subjectivism in Ethics
Authors: Jennings R. E.
Published: June 2010

Genuine ethical subjectivism is a kind of logical autism, uncurable by distinctions. It is, roughly put, that attitude according to which duty is discoverable by introspection. What I wish to call pseudo-subjectivism is more akin to an anxiety neurosis. It is a more common disturbance than the genuine form of the disease, but, happily, is easily cured without recourse to clinical treatment, by therapy than can be self-administered in the privacy of one's study. Every man his own analyst. Pseudo-subjectivism is an anxiety syndrome associated with the view that one ought to do what one thinks one ought to do. The cure consists in becoming reassured that this need not be genuine subjectivism at all. The purpose of this paper is to provide that reassurance.
Matière et Mémoire de Henri Bergson
Authors: Giroux Laurent
Published: June 2010

Matière et Mémoire a pour sous-titre « Essai sur la relation du corps à l'esprit».

Bergson se place d'emblée ici à l'intérieur du dualisme matièreesprit. Des la première ligne de l'avant-propos, il écrit:

Ce livre affirme la réalité de l'esprit, la réalité de la matière, et essaie de déterminer le rapport de l'un à l'autre sur un exemple précis, celui de la mémoire. Il c'est done nettement dualiste. (G'est nous qui soulignons.).
Would Hegel today be a Hegelian?
Authors: Doull James A.
Published: June 2010

While taking its departure from James Doull's review of my The Religious Dimension in Hegel's Thought (Dialogue, December 1968, pp. 483–492), the present note is not intended to be an author's reply to a reviewer—always in bad taste, and in this case quite unwarranted when the review in question shows all the fair-mindedness and care any author could ask for. My note is much rather part of a dialogue, agreed on in advance by both participants, in which Hegel, not a book on Hegel, is the subject.
Aristotle on Scientific Explanation
Authors: Wilkins Burleigh T.
Published: June 2010

The problem. The purpose of this paper is to provide a general discussion of Aristotle's views on scientific explanation, by which I mean a discussion of Aristotle's treatment of scientific explanation, its structure and its principles, as distinct from Aristotle's own principles of explanation. By means of this distinction I hope to be excused from a discussion of Aristotle on form and matter, potentiality and actuality, and the four causes, and to avoid so far as possible the controversy among commentators concerning the respective merits of Aristotlequanaturalist and Aristotlequapre-Thomist Thomist. I wish to be excused from treating these problems in order to approach directly Aristotle's formal treatment of scientific explanation as given in thePosterior Analytics, but if I were to be accused of introducing a distinction between parts of the Aristotelian corpus for which there is insufficient warrant, if I were told that I am making an illegitimate abstraction from the whole of which thePosterior Analyticsis but a part, I should plead not guilty.
Narcisse et son médecin
Authors: Savary Claude
Published: June 2010

La révolution scientifique ou copernicienne apparait habituellement au penseur comme un événement imposant, complexe et problématique. Mais ce ne semble pas être le cas pour M. Raymond Montpetit. Vous n'avez, selon lui, qu'è y appliquer un regard dialectique on psychanalytique et le tour est joué. C'est ce que je retiens de l'allure et du biais de sa discussion de mon article sur la révolution en question.
Marcuse vu par F. Perroux
Authors: Vachet André
Published: June 2010

Parmi les nombreux textes consacrés è Herbert Marcuse depuis que mai 1968 l'a, avec sa complicité, métamorphosé de professeur de philosophie politique en « vedette philosophique de la révolution », celui de François Perroux est certainement un des plus intéressants et des plus féconds. Intéressant è cause des dimensions et de la richesée de la pensée de son auteur, un des plus vénérables économistes français fortement marqué par la tradition saint-simonienne et dont des ouvrages comme Industrie et création collective, Economie et société, Coexistence pacifique, etc. sont autant de jalons importants dans la critique de la société moderne. Fécond par l'approche économique avec laquelle l'auteur aborde les problèmes soulevés. Fécond par le dialogue engagé avec Marcuse qui répond en quelques pages aux interrogations de l'auteur et annonce son « désir de consacrer un livre è leurs discussions » (p. 207).
Is Transparent Belief “Intolerably Odd” ?
Authors: Patton Thomas E.
Published: June 2010

The ascription of beliefs and other propositional attitudes, as Russell called them, raises more than one philosophical puzzle as to how language is being used. A certain complexity is implied for these puzzles by W. V. Quine's relatively recent observation that propositional attitude (PA) ascriptions can be construed in two distinct ways. In particular, Quine distinguishes between what he calls transparent and opaque belief, and treatments of belief that ignore this distinction do so at their own considerable risk. However, while Quine's observation per se may help towards more circumspect solutions, what he goes on to say about transparent belief, as I will urge, adds a bogus puzzle to the real ones that confront us. For Quine holds that transparent belief is so very odd that to countenance its ascription, though he thinks that we must, brings us to the edge of nonsense. Parenthetically, I might say that I am myself mystified by his proposal to prevent our slipping over. This proposal can be ignored, however, if it can be shown that transparent PA ascription is far from nonsense. Elsewhere, I will try to show as much, but all that this paper aspires to is a negative preliminary: the refutation of Quine's main argument for his opposite stand.
Two Dialogues
Authors: Emmons D. C.
Published: June 2010

Place: an academic institution somewhere in the U.S. or U.K.

Time: late one morning.

Simplicitus: Hello there. Nice to see you.

Sophisticus: Good to see you. What have you been up to ?

Sim: I've been wrestling with a nasty epistemological problem.

But I've finally got it figured out.

Soph: What problem?

Sim: The problem of other minds. It's a real teaser.

Soph: And what solution have you worked out?
Berkeley and Buber: an Epistemological Comparison
Authors: Forth David S.
Published: June 2010

George Berkeley and Martin Buber are philosophers whose views one might not expect to find being discussed in one and the same essay. Nevertheless, in what follows I hope to show that a comparison of their epistemologies reveals substantial similarities, both methodological and doctrinal. The ground for such a comparison lies in the religious orientation of these two very different philosophers. It is an orientation each has emphasized more than once, both in his philosophical and in his less formal writings.
L'Herméneutique de la science et son rapport au fondement de la connaissance
Authors: Hélal Georges
Published: June 2010

La civilisation contemporaine est si liée au développement de science et de la méthode scientifique que sans une juste compréhension de la nature de ces dernières elle demeure incompréhensible. Mais il est moins facile de préciser la nature de cette liaison, de déterminer la signification de la science pour notre civilisation actuelle. Nous sommes en effet intéressés à savoir quel est le degré et la nature de l'influence de la science, quelles réactions elle provoque de la part de l'homme mais aussi pourquoi elle exerce cette influence et provoque ces réactions. Ces questions sont importantes car il en va de l'évolution actuelle de l'humanité. Bien entendu des réponses à ces questions demanderaient un exposé beaucoup plus élaboré que celui qui va suivre. Conscient des difficultés, je tâcherai néanmoins d'aborder quelques aspects du problème.
Bergson et la conception du temps chez Platon et Aristote
Authors: Giroux Laurent
Published: June 2010

Bergson raconte que pour remédier à l'insufisance de l'évolutionnisme de Herbert Spencer, il s'était d'abord tourné vers l'histoire de la philosophie depuis ses origines. Il dut alors se rendre à l'évidence, dit-il, que, pas plus que celui de Spencer, aucun des systèmes n'avait tenu compte du temps réel. On avait étudié les propriétés de l'espace pour appliquer directement ensuite ses conclusions au temps en se contentant de remplacer l'idée de juxtaposition par celle de succession. Ainsi serait né ce que Bergson appelle le temps homogène ou temps-espace auquel la durée concrète échappe tout à fait.
Bachelard et l'éducation de l'homme d'aujourd'hui
Authors: Therrien Vincent
Published: June 2010

Le philosophe français G. Bachelard est né à la fin du siècle dernier et est mort en octobre 1962, après un destin intellectuel très brillant. Par sa vie d'éternel étudiant, c'est-à-dire en état de recyclage continu, par sa culture finalement polyvalente et par son œuvre multidisciplinaire, ce philosophe et ce savant nous apparaît aujourd'hui comme un témoin très lucide, exceptionnel même, d'une époque bouleversée, et comme un interprète génial, un prophète en quelque sorte, dont la voix connaît une influence chaque jour grandissante. Il nous apparaît aussi comme un médecin et un éducateur pour l'homme d'aujourd'hui. Le renouveau culturel que sa pensée suscite est à bien des égards analogue à l'avènement en Occident de la culture cartésienne, et précisément complémentaire de celle-ci devenue aujourd'hui gravement insufissante.
Existence et Herméneutique
Authors: Ricoeur Paul
Published: June 2010

Mon propos est d'explorer les voies ouvertes à la philosophie contemporaine par ce qu'on pourrait appeler la greffe du problème herméneutique sur la méthode phénoménologique. Je me bornerai à un bref rappel historique, avant d'entreprendre l'investigation proprement dite, laquelle devrait, à son terme au moins, donner un sens acceptable à la notion d'existence,—un sens où s'exprimerait précisément le renouvellement de la phénoménologie par l'herméneutique.
How are Moral Judgments Connected with Displays of Emotion?
Authors: Braybrooke David
Published: June 2010

Most philosophers, I think, would hold that there is a great deal more to be noticed about moral judgments than any special connections which they may be supposed to have with displays of emotion. I strongly hold this myself. Many philosophers, however—and I am one of them—are inclined to believe that special connections of this kind do exist. Agitation counts in ethics. But just what does it count for? What is to be made of the central fact that the same forms of words to which both ethical and “emotive” meaning is ascribed may sometimes be used when emotions are being manifested and sometimes when they are not? Stevenson acknowledges, “There are emotively active and emotively inactive uses of literally all the ethical terms”. But how, in view of this fact, can it be illuminating to say that some forms of words—taken to be the characteristic forms of words for expressing moral judgments—have anything like a distinctive function of expressing (or “venting”) emotions?
L'Origine du langage poétique
Authors: Saint-Edouard Sœur
Published: June 2010

C'est un truisme de le dire: tout un abîme sépare l'esthétique classique de l'esthétique symboliste. La première s'en tient à une poésie définie comme imitation des actes humains pour donner les exigences du drame, du lyrisme et de l'épopée. Le langage y demeure Pinstrument du poète. Les symbolistes au contraire remettent en cause la nature même de la poésie. Ils ne se demandent plus si l'imitation de la nature doit être physique ou psychologique, si le drame doit obéir aux trois unités, si la poésie doit être personnelle ou impersonnelle. Toutes ces questions leur semblent secondaires, car elles négligent la nature de la poésie. Et comme cette nature réside pour eux dans le langage, lédtude de la parole va désormais sollicter les peines des chercheurs. De fait, linguistes et philosophes portent si loin leurs lumières dans ce domaine que les arts poétiques d'Horace et de Boileau semblent des données primaires devant leurs recherches. Est-ce à dire que tout soit merveille dans les études qui tombent de leur plume? qu'il faille mettre Racine aux oubliettes et que les pré-décesseurs se soient mépris quand ils traçaient la carte du pays des Muses? Non pas. Les analyses, profondes sans doute, ne sont pas toutes à rctenir. Elles tiennent parfois des positions périlleuses et font des prestiges d'acrobatie pour garder l'équilibre. Mais les questions sont nettes et permettent de saisir les côtés inadmissibles de leurs thèses. Ce qui est déjà indiquer une solution. Grâce à leurs travaux, il est possible dès lors d'entreprendre une étude sur l'origine du langage poétique pour se demander si ce langage est naturel ou conventionnel.
Un Physiologiste philosophe: Claude Bernard
Authors: Canguilhem Georges
Published: June 2010

On commémore assez couramment la naissance ou la mort d'un savant, qui sont deux événements contingents, étrangers à la valeur de l'homme, bien que le premier ait rendu cette valeur possible quant à la manifestation, et que le second l'ait rendue d'autant plus précieuse qu'il en a souligné la fragilité.

Paul Valéry a dit que «les grands hommes meurent deux fois, une fois comme hommes et une fois comme grands ». De Claude Bernard, on peut dire que l'année 1965 a confirmé sa survie comme grand, près d'un siècle après sa mort comme homme (1878), car ce qui fut célébré, au Collège de France, dans un Colloque à la fois historique et scientifique, c'est le Centenaire d'un grand livre. Commémoration done au plein sens du terme, puisqu'en identifiant un homme et son œuvre, la postérité ressuscitait le premier en reconnaissant et en proelamant la présence stimulante et agissante de la seconde dans l'univers de la culture.
Mr. Wheatley's Virtue: a Philosophical Examination
Authors: Henderson T. Y.
Published: June 2010

Mr. Jon Wheatley declares himself opposed to a very popular contemporary account of the nature of moral virtue, which he describes as holding “that virtue consists in obeying a number of moral precepts all clearly within our power, the virtuous man being (presumably) he who never (or only rarely?) slips up in this obedience”. Because I concur with his rejection of this view, I am more than normally distressed, first at his confessed inability as a philosopher to offer more than a report of his own “prejudice” in opposition to the popular account, and second at the somewhat bizarre analysis of moral virtue which he presents as if it were the only alternative.
Kant's conception of the Noumenon
Authors: Al-Azm Sadik J.
Published: June 2010

In treating of our subject three notions stand out prominently: the noumenon, the thing-in-itself and the transcendental object = X. In his commentary on The Transcendental Analytic, Robert P. Wolff has studied very carefully the question of the relationship between the notion of a transcendental object and that of the thing-in-itself. He noted and explained the passages of The Critique in which Kant means by the transcendental object simply the thing-in-itself and the passages in which he means by it something different such as “the concept of the ground of the unity of a manifold of representations in one consciousness.” There is little to be added, at this time, to Wolff's thorough investigations of this aspect of the problem.
Principles of Linguistic Philosophy
Authors: Davis Steven
Published: June 2010

The view of linguistic philosophy presented in Waismann's book is one which has become stock in trade of some analytic philosophers. Philosophical problems are engendered by a superficial view of language. We are misled by linguistic analogies. Because a word is used in one context with one meaning, we think that it can be used in all contexts in this way (pp. 11, 60, 78, 179). Consequently, Waismann conceives philosophical activity as not answering ‘deep’ questions, but rather as clarifying the misconceptions which drive us to ask such questions.
Logique hégélienne et formalisation
Authors: Gauthier Yvon
Published: June 2010

Le problème de la formalisation de la logique hégélienne a fait l'objet récemment d'études d'inspiration et d'importance diverses. II y a d'abord le travail d'envergure de Gotthard Guenther sur le projet d'une logique non-aristotélicienne, le long article de Michael Kosok et la note de F. G. Asenjo.
Psychologie scientifique et psychologie philosophique
Authors: Salman D. H.
Published: June 2010

L'essai de Piaget est de ceux qu'on ne peut négliger, car il pose en termes lucides et incisifs l'un des problèmes essentiels de la philosophie. Ses conclusions sont nettes, et il faudra bien que l'on prenne position à leur égard. Il nous semble pourtant que l'on pourrait discerner dans ses propos deux conclusions distinctes, et qu'il ne serait dès lors pas impossible d'en accepter l'une sans pour autant souscrire à l'autre. La séparation des deux thèmes devrait en tout cas clarifier le problème, et permettre une assimilation plus aisée du contenu complexe et tourmenté de cette œuvre profondément engagée.
La Genese De L'Hylémorphisme Selon Proclos
Authors: Trouillard Jean
Published: June 2010

«Ily a correspondance entre tout ce qui est ici-bas et tout ce qui est là-haut. L'opérateur correspond à l'un, la forme au déterminant (τ⋯ δ⋯ εἶδ∘ς tau;ῷ π⋯ρατι), la a matière à l'infini (⋯ δ⋯ ὕλη τῷ ⋯πε⋯ρωι), l'engendré au mixte ».
St. Thomas Aquinas and the Language of Total Dependence
Authors: Deck John N.
Published: June 2010

What are the implications of total dependence? What is involved in saying that one thing depends entirely upon another? What can be said in respect to cases of total dependence, and what can not be said?
A propos d'une publication récente de Wittgenstein
Authors: Shalom A.
Published: June 2010

Depuis ses premiers écrits, qui datent de 1913, jusqu'à ses derniers écrits publiés, qui datent d'environ 1949, le principal souci de Wittgenstein a été le rapport entre signes, symboles, mots, propositions … d'un c⊚té, et, de l'autre, le réel, le monde, ce-quien- est … qui est exprimé par ces signes, symboles, mots, propositions. Cependant, durant cette longue période il y a eu une dichotomie, un clivage, dans la pensée de Wittgenstein, clivage tel que l'on a même parlé d'un « premier » Wittgenstein et d'un « second » Wittgenstein. En fait, il s'agit peut-être moins d'un clivage que de l'abandon, durant la seconde période, d'une présupposition métaphysique, abandon qui a donné lieu à une tentative, de la part de Wittgenstein, de reformuler sa pensée indépendamment de cette présupposition. Au centre du Tractatus se trouve la présupposition que « la logique remplit le monde », que la structure du monde est fondamentalement une question de logique, et que la nature essentielle de la pensée est également une question de logique: il nous est impossible, écrit Wittgenstein, de penser de manière illogique.
Essences and Discovery: Plato, Locke, and Leibniz
Authors: Odegard Douglas
Published: June 2010

According to Plato's Republic, human knowledge in highest form owes its existence to a priori discoveries made during the course of dialectical investigations. Being a priori, such discoveries are neither empirical observations nor conclusions based upon empirical observations, although in some cases they may be “occasioned” by experience. They are matter for intellectual, not literal, vision, and making them is what distinguishes the successful philosopher from the non-philosopher. Thus, in the Phaedo, Plato is in a position to argue that the separation of the soul from the body in death is no evil for a genuine philosopher: he has no need to rely on the bodily senses in order to acquire philosophical knowledge; and he is well free of the errors and confusion generated by the senses, and of the physical desires nourished in the soul as a result of residing in a body.
Réflexions sur l'infini
Authors: Blanchet Louis-Emile
Published: June 2010

L'Épineuse et redoutable question de l'infini surgit, d'une façon ou d'une autre, à tous les paliers et dans tous les secteurs de la connaissance. Mais c'est incontestablement en mathé-matique que l'infini occupe la plus large place. “If in summing up, écrit Hermann Weyl, a brief phrase is called for that characterizes the life center of mathematics one might well say: mathematics is the science of the infinite”. Et s'il faut reconnaître l'importance capitale du rôle que l'infini joue en mathématiques, il faut également reconnaître le caractère paradoxal de ce rôle. En effet, bannir l'infini des mathématiques équivaudrait à les amputer au point de les ramener à un état primitif, embryonnaire; la présence en elles de l'infini et l'usage qu'elles en font sont, sans l'ombre d'un doute, á la source même de leur prodigieux développement, de leur étonnante fécondité. Qu'on songe seulement aux processus infinis dont la maîtrise leur a permis de devenir un instrument sans rival dans l'exploration du monde quantitatif.