bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The comparison of Body Mass Index (BMI) and Muscle Mass Index (MMI) as a mortality predictor in patients with malignant jaundice at Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Pollah Briand Iggreinus , Handaya Adeodatus Yuda , Barmawi Agus
Published: February 2022

Background: Jaundice is found to be a clinical manifestation of malignancy. Around 70% of all jaundice cases are caused by malignancy. Another complication of malignancy is decreasing the Muscle Mass Index (MMI), also called sarcopenia. MMI in malignant jaundice increases the mortality rate. Body Mass Index (BMI) is describing the nutritional status of a person. Due to malnutrition, morbidity and mortality increase. This study aims to compare the MMI and BMI in patients with malignant jaundice to predict the outcome of mortalityMethods: This study is a retrospective cross sectional non-experimental epidemiologic analysis. Samples were taken from medical reports at Sardjito Hospital from April 2019 - March 2020. A CT scan calculated MMI at the third lumbar vertebrae. BMI was evaluated by body weight (kg) divided by height (m) square (kg/m2). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 for Windows.Results: Most of respondents were males (55.0%), following by age > 50 (62.5%), stage 3 (62.5%), ASA 2 (92.5%), albumin < 3.5 g/dL (82.5%), CA19-9 > 37 U/ml (57.5%), CEA < 5 ng/ml (62.5%), and total bilirubin > 1.5 mg/dL (90.0%), normal BMI (62.5%), survive (77.5%), and low MMI (72.5%). There was no significant relationship between MMI (OR: 5.71; 95%CI: 0.60-134.12) and BMI (OR: 0.15; 95%CI: 0.02-1.34) to the mortality risk (p>0.05).Conclusion: MMI had a higher incidence of mortality compared to BMI in malignant jaundice. However, there was no significant relationship between MMI and BMI to predict mortality.
Glaucoma drainage devices implantation in uveitic glaucoma: a systematic review
Authors: Emily Ardelia , Satolom Novanita Shirley , Kasih Franky Richard , Kevin Kevin , Kristianto Bobby
Published: February 2022

Background: Uveitis is broadly defined as inflammation of the uvea. Glaucoma is the third most common complication of uveitis. Uveitic Glaucoma (UG) is known to be refractory, and multiple surgeries are often required for proper treatment. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of Glaucoma Drainage Device (GDD) implantation as a surgical procedure in UG patients.Method: We conducted a systematic search of electronic databases from PubMed, Science Direct, and SpringerLink using a combination of relevant keywords was performed by 5 independent reviewers. Various search terms, including 'glaucoma drainage device', 'glaucoma drainage implants', 'glaucoma filtration implants', 'aqueous shunts', 'uveitic glaucoma', 'inflammatory glaucoma'.Result: A total of 143 articles were retrieved, but only 14 articles were eligible for data extraction. There are 631 eyes from 583 patients who had UG, 442 eyes underwent GDD implantation. Overall, intraocular pressure and the use of glaucoma medication were reduced. Mean IOP preoperative is 31.57 mmHg, and IOP postoperative is 14.48 mmHg. There is a reduction in IOP of an average of 17.09 mmHg. The number of glaucoma medications has decreased from 3.24 to 1.29 postoperatively.Conclusion: UG has been shown to be managed successfully by GDD implantation. GDD implantation may be considered a long-term effective surgical option for patients with UG.
Terapi non bedah pada karsinoma sel basal
Authors: Santoso Adeline , Darmaputra I Gusti Ngurah , Gotama Dewi , Sissy Sissy
Published: February 2022

Basal cell carcinoma accounts for approximately 75% of non-melanoma skin cancer and 25% of all diagnosed skin cancer in the United States. Epidemiological data show the incidence is increasing significantly by 3% -10% per year worldwide. Changes in life expectancy patterns are associated with an increase in this skin cancer, and the incidence is predicted to increase until 2040. Many factors must be considered in the choice of therapy for a patient, including the patient's general condition, the presence or absence of serious medical problems, the use of antiplatelet or anticoagulant medication. Conservative treatment of asymptomatic and low-risk lesions is recommended, as overly aggressive therapy may have a greater effect than the lesions themselves. Topical therapy and non-surgical therapy are currently quite effective as therapeutic options for low-risk basal cell carcinoma and high-risk basal cell carcinoma. They can be an option in conditions that are contraindicated for surgery.  Kasus keganasan karsinoma sel basal (KSB) mencakup sekitar 75% dari kasus kanker kulit non melanoma dan mencakup 25% dari semua kasus kanker yang didiagnosa di Amerika Serikat.Data epidemiologi menunjukkan insiden meningkat signifikan sebanyak 3%-10% per tahun di seluruh dunia. Perubahan pola usia harapan hidup berhubungan dengan peningkatan kanker kulit ini, dan di prediksi insiden akan terus meningkat sampai tahun 2040. Terdapat banyak faktor yang harus dipikirkan dalam pemilihan terapi pada pasien, antara lain keadaan umum pasien, ada atau tidaknya masalah medis serius, penggunaan obat anti platelet atau anti koagulan. Perawatan konservatif pada lesi asimptomatik dan beresiko rendah dianjurkan, dikarenakan terapi yang terlalu agresif mungkin akan memberikan efek yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan lesi itu sendiri. Saat ini terapi topikal dan terapi non-bedah dikatakan cukup efektif sebagai pilihan terapi untuk KSB resiko rendah dan KSB resiko tinggi serta dapat menjadi pilihan pada kondisi kontraindikasi terhadap tindakan pembedahan.
Parametrial hematoma following fetal craniotomy and curettage in intrauterine fetal death: a case report
Authors: Vidhisvara Ida Bagus Yudhistira Anantasurya , Widiarsa Ida Bagus Putu , Helena Margaret Gabriele , Himawan I Putu Ivan Cahya
Published: February 2022

Background: Parametrial hematoma is collection of blood located in the parametrial area, which is a type of hematoma that can occur in the pelvic cavity. Postpartum hematoma is a rare but life-threatening complication of childbirth. Common risk factors to developing parametrial hematomas include multiple pregnancies, traumatic deliveries, operative vaginal delivery, prolonged labour, manual removal of placenta, inadequate hemostasis at Caesarean section, pre-eclampsia, and anticoagulation therapy. We reported a rare case of parametrial hematoma post-craniotomy and curettage of a fetus with intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) in a 28-year-old pregnant woman 24 weeks into her fourth pregnancy. Case report: A pregnant woman with 24 weeks gestation age came to emergency room with complaints of abdominal pain and bloody discharge without clear fluids 9 hours prior. She was diagnosed with preterm delivery and was given tocolytic. The following day, ultrasound examination was done and fetal heart rate (FHR) was not found, suggesting an intrauterine fetal death (IUFD). Termination was carried out with oxytocin induction but due to maternal exhaustion, pain, and lack of cooperation, a craniotomy was done in operating room followed by curettage. Twenty-four hours after curettage, patient complained of an acute lower right abdominal pain and ultrasound showed a complex mass in right adnexa measuring 8 x 8 cm, suggesting a right adnexal hematoma with a differential diagnosis of a right tubo-ovarian abscess. The patient’s haemoglobin was found to decrease to 6.0 g/dl. A laparotomy was performed and a hematoma was found in the right parametrium without active bleeding. Conclusion: Parametrial hematoma is a rare disease that can occur due to trauma (in labor) or spontaneously due to abnormalities of the uterine arteries that supply blood to the uterus. The patient present in this case report had acute abdominal pain with decreased haemoglobin without signs of bleeding after an operative vaginal birth which may or may not be the cause of the parametrial hematoma due to limitations of examination on the patients. Further observation of similar cases will be required to determine the association between parametrial hematoma and operative vaginal birth.
Diagnosa dan Tatalaksana pada Hemoroid Derajat IV: Laporan Kasus
Authors: Indrayani Ni Nyoman Amik , Arnaya Agung Aditya , Wiguna Kevin Kristanto , Wiyasa Ida Bagus Putu
Published: February 2022

Background : Hemorrhoids affect millions of people around the world and become one of the main medical and socioeconomic problems Hemorrhoids are symptomatic widening of the hemorrhoidal plexus and distal displacement of the normal cushion. This case report aims to discuss cases of hemorrhoids from diagnosis to management.Case Report: A 30-year-old male came with complaints of fresh blood discharge during defecation. Complaints have been felt for 1 month ago and have worsened for 1 day before being admitted to the hospital. On local examination in the anal region, there was a mass with an irregular shape around the anal, some of which were blackish red in color and partly the same color as the surrounding skin with a diameter of 3 cm. On palpation, the mass was palpable, firm, tenderness, the mass could not be given with a finger. Based on the history and physical examination, the patient was diagnosed with grade IV internal hemorrhoids and an open hemorrhoidectomy (Miligan-Morgan method) was planned.Conclusion: The diagnosis of hemorrhoids is obtained from the patient's medical history, physical examination and supporting examinations. Therapeutic management of hemorrhoids can be in the form of animation and surgery. Latar Belakang : Hemoroid mengenai jutaan orang diseluruh dunia dan menjadi salah satu masalah medis utama dan masalah sosioekonomi  Hemoroid adalah pelebaran simptomatis  dari pleksus hemoroid dan pergeseran bantalan anus ke arah distal dari normal. Laporan kasus ini bertujuan untuk membahas kasus hemoroid dari diagnosa sampai dengan tatalaksananya.Laporan Kasus: Seorang laki-laki usia 30 tahun datang dengan keluhan keluar darah berwarna merah segar saat buang air besar. Keluhan dirasakan sejak 1 bulan yang lalu dan memberat sejak 1 hari sebelum masuk rumah sakit. Pada pemeriksaan lokalis di regio anal terlihat adanya benjolan dengan bentuk iregular mengitari anus yang sebagian berwarna merah kehitaman dan sebagian sama dengan warna kulit disekitarnya dengan ukuran diameter 3 cm. Saat dilakukan palpasi didapatkan benjolan teraba kenyal, batas tegas, nyeri tekan (+) benjolan tidak dapat dimasukkan dengan jari.  Berdasarkan dari anamnesa dan pemeriksaan fisik, pasien kemudian didiagnosa dengan Hemorroid interna grade IV dan ditangani dengan metode open hemorrhoidectomy (Miligan-Morgan Method). Pasien dirawat selama dua hari dimana pasien sudah bisa buang air besar tetapi masih terasa nyeri namun benjolan sudah tidak terlihat dari anus.Simpulan: Hemoroid dapat didiagnosa dari riwayat medis pasien, pemeriksaan fisik serta pemeriksaan penunjang. Manajemen terapi pada hemoroid dapat berupa konservatif dan operasi.
Colonoscopy surveillance of colorectal cancer post-surgery in Sanglah General Hospital, Bali, Indonesia: a descriptive study
Authors: Antara Gede Eka Rusdi
Published: February 2022

Background: The postoperative surveillance of patients treated for colorectal cancer is intended to prolong survival by diagnosing recurrent and metachronous cancers at a curable stage as well as preventing metachronous cancer by detection and removal of precancerous polyps. This study evaluates the surveillance colonoscopy and its association with sociodemographic and clinical findings in a descriptive study.Methods: This is a cross sectional study of colorectal cancer patients who underwent surveillance colonoscopy as follow up after tumor resection from January 2020 to September 2021 in Sanglah General Hospital. Clinical data were gathered from medical records and databases by a qualified reviewer. Data were analyzed descriptively using SPSS version 20 for Windows.Results: The majority of patients who underwent surveillance colonoscopy were male (82.40%), tumor location at rectum (58.8%), stage IV (29.40%), underwent low anterior resection surgery (35.30%) and received Folfox (35.30%) or Capeox (35.30%) adjuvant chemotherapy. There was 2 (11.80%) residual mass found in this study. There was no significant difference between subjects who underwent surveillance colonoscopy with residual mass and without residual mass in all variables assessed (p>0.05).Conclusion: Colonoscopy surveillance plays an important role in early detection for any recurrence or pre-cancer lesion and metachronous cancer in a patient with colorectal malignancies in Sanglah General Hospital, Bali, Indonesia.
Case report of acute epiglottitis in a 44-year-old man: a rare case
Authors: Widiantari I Gusti Ayu Putu Wahyu , Permatasari Nyoman Dian , Putra Ida Bagus Semara
Published: February 2022

Background: Acute epiglottitis, also known as supraglottitis or supraglottic laryngitis, is an acute inflammation of the supraglottic area of the larynx. The diagnosis can be made based on clinical signs and symptoms as well as several investigations.Case Description: We reported a case of a 44-year-old man who presented to our emergency department and whose condition was ultimately diagnosed as epiglottitis. Indirect laryngoscopy and lateral soft tissue neck radiograph had an important role in determining the diagnosis. The patient was treated conservatively by giving a high dosed antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic drugs.Conclusion: Acute epiglottitis can be a life-threatening condition because it can cause sudden upper airway obstruction. Therefore, management must be given quickly and precisely so as not to fall into a life-threatening condition.
STUDI PENGOPERASIAN PURSE SEINE DI KM. SUMBER ABADI
Authors: Hutapea Roma Yuli , Alwi Ifan Nur , Mardiah Ratu Sari , Sari Ratih Purnama , Ikhsan Suci Asrina
Published: February 2022

Perairan Selat Malaka yang subur memiliki bermacam-macam sumber daya ikan laut diantaranya jenis-jenis udang, ikan demersal dan ikan pelagis. Sumber daya ikan di WPP 571 yang kaya akan ikan pelagis, membuat alat tangkap purse seine cocok untuk dioperasikan sekitar perairan WPP 571. Purse seine merupakan salah satu jenis alat tangkap aktif yang bersifat multi spesies, karena hasil tangkapannya lebih dari satu jenis ikan. Tujuan penelitian ini penulis ingin memahami alat bantu penangkapan purse seine dan alat navigasi di KM. Sumber Abadi dan pengoperasian di KM. Sumber Abadi. Hasil dari data yang didapat dilapangan diketahui daerah penangkapan ikan KM. Sumber Abadi di WPP 571 Selat Malaka. Pengoperasian alat tangkap purse seine secara bertahap, yaitu penurunan alat tangkap (setting) penarikan tali kerut penarikan badan jaring (hauling) penaikan hasil tangkapan (brailing), waktu yang diperlukan untuk satu kali pengoperasian adalah 2 sampai 3 jam. Alat bantu penangkapan purse seine yang ada di atas kapal KM. Sumber Abadi adalah Lampu robot, Gardan, Power block, GPS (Global Position System), Echsouder dan Radio SSB.
Hinduism—Hindutva—Hindu Dharma
Authors: Klostermaier Klaus
Published: February 2022

This chapter explains the three terms, Hinduism, Hindutva and Hindu Dharma, which, while linguistically identical, evoke different reactions among academics and other people. They imply different definitions of being a Hindu.
Images of Samkara: Understanding the Other
Authors: Suthren Hirst Jacqueline
Published: February 2022

This chapter argues that a strategy of defining by negation, complementarity and mutual purification of terms, which Samkara uses in his own scriptural commentaries, can fruitfully be applied to the different methods which have been used for studying Samkara and his work. Taken individually, philosophical, traditional textual, socio-political and experiential approaches to Samkara's work tend to present radically different images of Samkara which say more about the interests of the particular exponent than about Samkara as an Advaitin teacher. Rather than favouring one approach over the others, a series of ‘portraits’ of exponents of Samkara is presented, each emblematic of one of the four approaches.
The Curious History of the Dasanâmï-Samnyâsïs
Authors: Clark Matthew
Published: February 2022

The Dasanâmï-Samnyâsïs are one of the largest of the sects of renunciates in South Asia, founded, according to tradition, by the legendary ‘non-dual’ philosopher Sakarâcârya, who is also attributed with the installation of his four chief disciples at four 'mathas' founded in the west, north, east and south of India.This chapter outlines research conducted into the formation of the Dasanâmï-Samnyâsïs.
Beyond Righteousness and Transgression: Reading the Gospel of Truth and the Gospel of Judas from an Acosmic Perspective
Authors: Magnusson Jörgen
Published: February 2022

Jögen Magnusson opens his case with a summary of the scholarly controversies surrounding the concept of “Gnosticism” in the wake of the discovery of the Nag Hammadi codices in 1945. He then proceeds to compare the understanding of Gnostic mythology in a recent addition to the data set, the so-called Gospel of Judas (first made publicly accessible in 2006), as well as in one of the most studied texts in the Nag Hammadi corpus, the so-called Gospel of Truth. Magnusson identifies important points of dissent in the two treatises that provide different, yet distinctively Gnostic views regarding the sacrificial death of Jesus.
Introduction
Authors: Ferrari Fabrizio , Dähnhardt Thomas
Published: February 2022

The idea of this volume arose in the aftermath of the publication of Charming Beauties, Frightful Beasts: Non-Human Animals in South Asian Myth, Ritual and Folklore (Ferrari and Dähnhardt 2013). The growing number of publications on nature in the context of Indian religions led us to consider the possibility of extending our initial study to include plant life and the mineral world. This and the following volume (Ferrari and Dähnhardt 2016) are the result. Plant life has figured prominently in Indian culture. Archaeobotanical findings and Vedic texts confirm that plants have been central not only as a commodity (sources of food; materia medica; sacrificial matter; etc.) but also as powerful and enduring symbols. Roots of Wisdom, Branches of Devotion: Plant Life in South Asian Traditions explores how herbs, trees, shrubs, flowers and vegetables have been studied, classified, represented and discussed in a variety of Indian traditions such as Vedism, Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism, indigenous cultures and Islam. Moving from an analysis of the sentience of plants in early Indian philosophies and scientific literature, the various chapters, divided in four thematic sections, explore Indian flora within devotional and mystic literature (bhakti and Sufism), mythological, ritual and sacrificial culture, folklore, medicine, perfumery, botany, floriculture and agriculture. Arboreal and floral motifs are also discussed as an expression of Indian aesthetics since early coinage to figurative arts and literary figures. Finally, the volume reflects current discourses on environmentalism and ecology as well as on the place of indigenous flora as part of an ancient yet still very much alive sacred geography.
Applying a ‘Contexts of Influence’ policy analysis model in Nepal
Authors: Shah Rabi , Brett Peter
Published: February 2022

This paper draws upon a wider study deploying a ‘Contexts of Influence’ policy analysis framework applied to a developing nation—Nepal. The specific focus of the investigation was a policy into practice analysis of civics and citizenship educational curriculum goals. Themes around teaching and learning related to national identity, democracy, cultural diversity and global education were explored at the macro, meso and micro policy levels. The paper identifies some gaps and tensions in policy making in Nepal within and between the contexts of influence, text production and practice. The findings of this paper indicate that the relationships between the various contexts of influence in Nepal are not quite as dynamic as in some other studies that have applied the policy cycle model. There is an asymmetry of power with the policymakers in charge. The paper reflects upon how both textbooks and teaching practice might benefit from a greater sense of agency and empowerment in order to stimulate more creative and multi-perspectival classroom practice.
Phosphorus-Calcium and Bone Metabolism in Children with Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Pronina Irina Yu. , Murashkin Nikolay N. , Makarova Svetlana G. , Vershinina Marina G. , Semikina Elena L. , Mavrikidi Elena F.
Published: February 2022

Background. Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a rare skin disease, and secondary osteoporosis is one of its complications. The bone remodeling condition in this pathology has not been studied enough. Objective. The aim of the study is to study the characteristics of phosphorus-calcium and bone metabolism in children with dystrophic EB.

Methods. The study included children with dystrophic EB aged from 3 to 18 years undergoing inpatient treatment. The ratio of children with phosphorus-calcium metabolism disorders was determined: reduced concentration of total calcium < 2.2 mmol/l, and phosphorus < 1.25 mmol/l. Additionally, deviations from reference values for 25(OH)D, parathormone, osteocalcin, C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX-I) concentrations and alkaline phosphatase activity were established.

Results. Hypocalcemia was revealed in 16 patients (41%) and hypophosphatemia — in 3 (8%) patients out of 39 children with EB (22 girls, median age 77 (46; 136) months). Vitamin D level was lower than optimal (< 30 ng/ml) in 20 (77%) children with EB, while lower osteocalcin concentration — in 26 (67%), and lower CTX-I concentration — in all patients. At the same time, the median CTX-I concentration (1.32 ng/ml) more than doubled the upper values of the reference range for this indicator (< 0.573 and < 0.584 ng/ml for girls and boys, respectively). The low parathormone concentration was revealed in 1 (3%) patient. The alkaline phosphatase activity was within the reference range in all cases.

Conclusion. Disorders of phosphoruscalcium (mainly calcium) metabolism are present in large number of children with dystrophic EB. Therewith, most patients have shown vitamin D deficiency, as well as signs of bone resorption dominance (high CTX-I concentration) over bone development (low osteocalcin concentration). In general, all revealed changes in the biochemical indicators of bone remodeling indicate the development of secondary osteoporosis in most children with EB.
Alternating Current for the Selective Electrodeposition of Cadmium, Iron, and Chromium Method Development for Simulated Industrial Wastewater Sludge
Authors: JM Higgs , BR Bingham , R Boyer
Published: February 2022

A preliminary study of the selective electrodeposition of Cadmium (Cd), Iron (Fe), and Chromium (Cr) from industrial wastewater sludge using alternating current. There are no large-scale methods for recovering the metals contained in the sludge resulting from industrial wastewater treatment. This study expanded on a method for using Alternating Current (AC) and a Graphene-Oxide-Modified Carbon Felt Electrode (CF-GO) by using a larger volume than previously used in literature and optimizing AC settings for the selected metals. Cd concentration in solution was reduced by 5-10% over five hours using an AC setting of 4 MHz, 2 Vpp, and -5 VOffset. Fe had five AC settings that had regression line slopes less than -4 ppm/ hr, and Cr had one AC setting with regression line slope less than -4 ppm/hr. As the Cr AC setting of 1 Hz, 1 Vpp, and -8 VOffset also was efficient for the electrodeposition of Fe, the Fe would need to be removed from solution before Cr. Future work outlined includes further AC optimization, additional metals also found in industrial wastewater sludge, optimization of the order of metals electrodeposited, and testing the method on industrial wastewater sludge.
The rarity of intervocalic voicing of stops in Danish spontaneous speech
Authors: Puggaard-Rode Rasmus , Horslund Camilla Søballe , Jørgensen Henrik
Published: February 2022

Previous studies of the phonetics of Danish stops have neglected closure voicing. Danish is an aspiration language, but the aspirated stops /p t k/ are produced with shorter closure duration and less articulatory effort than the unaspirated stops /b d ɡ/. Furthermore, all Danish stops are characterized by some degree of glottal spreading during the closure. In this study, we use a corpus of Danish spontaneous speech (DanPASS) to investigate the intervocalic voicing—its distribution across the two laryngeal categories, whether it patterns as a lenition phenomenon, and whether the aerodynamic environment predicts its distribution. We find that intervocalic voicing is not the norm for either set of stops and is particularly rare in /p t k/. Voiced tokens are mostly found in environments associated with lenition. We suggest that the glottal spreading gesture found in all Danish stops is a phonological mechanism blocking voicing, which is probabilistically lost in spontaneous speech. This predicts our results better than relying on laryngeal features like [voice] or [spread glottis]. The study fills a gap in our knowledge of Danish phonetics and phonology, and is also one of the most extensive corpus studies of intervocalic stop voicing in an ‘aspiration language.’
Nutritional and Functional Potential of Carob Syrup Versus Date and Maple Syrup
Authors: Toufeili Imad , Itani Marwa , MonaZeidan Mona , Yamani Osama Al , Kharroubi Samer
Published: February 2022

Research background. The carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua L.) is grown primarily for its seeds that are utilized in the production of the highly prized locust bean gum. The material left after the separation of seeds from the pods is utilized in the production of a range of traditional products including carob syrup, usually in cottage-type industries. The international market penetration of carob syrups is rather limited and, accordingly, scant information exists on their composition and phytochemical properties compared to mainstream syrups. The present study aims to determine key chemical parameters, phenolic profiles and antioxidant properties of carob syrups and benchmark these against those of date and maple syrups.
Experimental approach. Carob syrups were prepared from 19 accessions of the carob, under laboratory conditions, by a similar procedure to those practiced by small-scale producers. The pH, browning index, the content of proteins, minerals, hydroxymethylfurfural, sugar composition, total phenols, antioxidant capacity and phenolic profiles of the produced syrups along with branded samples of date and maple syrups were analyzed.
Results and conclusions. The pH and sugar composition of the carob syrups were comparable to those of date and maple syrups. In general, the carob syrups contained more proteins, minerals, phenolic acids, flavonoids and total phenols, and exhibited higher antioxidant capacity than the date and maple syrups. The carob syrups exhibited excessive browning and contained more, or comparable content of hydroxymethylfurfural, than the date and maple syrups. The data indicate that carob syrups provide more nutrients and possess superior antioxidant potential to date and maple syrups. The high contents of the carcinogenic hydroxymethylfurfural of the carob syrups warrant milder heating regimens in the concentration step during production.
Novelty and scientific contribution. In contrast to studies based on commercial and/or homemade syrups, this work utilized a relatively large number of laboratory-prepared samples for creating a robust database for carob syrup. The results indicated that carob syrups possess superior health promotion and disease prevention effects than the widely traded date and maple syrups. In addition to their potential positive contribution to public health, carob syrups have been shown to be promising candidates for bolstering the economic returns of farmers in carob-producing countries.
[RETRACTED] Ultra Keto White Reviews – How Much Weight Can You Lose With This Keto Pill? v1
Authors: Keto White Ultra
Published: February 2022

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[RETRACTED] Keto Extreme South Africa v1
Authors: Extreme South Africa Reviews Keto
Published: February 2022

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[RETRACTED] Ultra Keto White Reviews 2022 USA: Diet Pills Work, Price, Side Effects & Scam v1
Authors: Keto White Ultra
Published: February 2022

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Preoperative imaging and intraoperative navigation of the parathyroid glands neoplasms in primary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Slashchuk K. Yu. , Degtyarev M. V. , Rumyantsev P. O. , Eremkina A. K. , Tarbaeva N. V. , Beltsevich D. G. , Kim I. V. , Melnicthhenko G. A. , Mokrysheva N. G.
Published: February 2022

Introduction. Primary hyperparathyroidism is one of the most common diseases of the endocrine system, after diabetes mellitus and thyroid pathologies. Early diagnosis and treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism allow avoiding severe damage to the bones, kidneys, other organs, thereby reducing the incidence of disability and improving the patients quality of life. The only radical treatment for primary hyperparathyroidism is the surgical removal of the pathologically altered, hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands.

The study objective – to increase the efficiency of preoperative topical diagnosis and intraoperative navigation of parathyroid glands.

Materials and methods. 200 patients with laboratory-verified primary hyperparathyroidism, who underwent preoperative topical diagnostics (ultrasound, planar scintigraphy and single-photon emission computed tomography, combined with computed tomography (SPECT / CT), in some cases supplemented with contrast enhanced CT with / or fine needle aspiration biopsy with flushing from a needle on for parathyroid hormone) and received surgical treatment, in period from 2017 to 2020. A single-stage, open-label comparative study was carried out, including clinical, laboratory and instrumental data of patients. The follow-up period after surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism was at least 6 months.

Results. From 200 included patients, surgical treatment in the amount of minimally invasive parathyroidectomy was performed in 189 patients. As a result of the analysis of the diagnostic accuracy, for a combination of ultrasound and SPECT/CT with augmented contrast enhanced CT, the overall accuracy in visualizing of parathyroid glands was 99 % (95 % confidence interval (CI): 97–100), diagnostic specificity 77 % (95 % CI: 54–100), sensitivity 100 % (95 % CI: 98–100), the predictive value of positive and negative results was 98 % (95 % CI: 97–100) and 100 % (95 % CI: 98–100) respectively.

Conclusion. The results allowed us to develop an algorithm for preoperative topical diagnosis of parathyroid glands in patients with laboratory-verified primary hyperparathyroidism and indications for surgical treatmen. We recommend to perform ultrasound of the thyroid and parathyroid glands in all patients at the first stage, in the absence of evident changes in the thyroid gland, at the second stage – scintigraphy and SPECT / CT with 99mTc-MIBI; in cases with significant concomitant functional or structural pathology of the thyroid gland – contrast enhanced CT; if necessary, supplementing fine needle aspiration biopsy with flushing from a needle on for parathyroid hormone.
Neuroendocrine cancer of maxillary sinus: case report and literature review
Authors: Deshkina T. I. , Bolotina L. V. , Gevorkov A. R. , Boyko A. V. , Surkova V. S. , Sedova M. V. , Polyakov A. P. , Kornietskaya A. L. , Fedenko A. A.
Published: February 2022

Malignant tumors of the sinuses and nasal cavity are rare diseases. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common histological type (55–70 % of tumors of the sinuses and nasal cavity). The frequency of neuroendocrine tumors reaches 5 %. Currently, there is no generally accepted standard for the treatment of neuroendocrine tumors of sinonasal localization. If surgical treatment is associated with a significant deterioration of the quality of life or poor outcomes, chemoradiotherapy can be recommended. This article describes a clinical case of combined treatment of neuroendocrine cancer of the maxillary sinus and brief review of the literature on malignant tumors of the paranasal sinuses and the nasal cavity.
Characteristics of composition a lymphoid infiltrate in the tongue squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Zibirov R. F. , Mozerov S. A. , Polkin V. V. , Sevrukov F. E. , Medvedev V. S. , Raykova A. P. , Riss M. E.
Published: February 2022

Introduction. Squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue is the most common oral cancer. The tumor microenvironment has a significant impact on tumor progression; therefore, better understanding of its characteristics is crucial for the treatment strategy, since in some cases it modifies the tumor microenvironment resulting in tumor resistance to therapy.

Study objective – to compare the number of CD8+Т-lymphocytes, CD57+NK-cells, and CD20+B-lymphocytes in the microenvironment of tongue squamous cell carcinoma in patients receiving and not receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.

Materials and methods. We performed immunohistochemical examination of specimens from 67 patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma who did not receive neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Eleven patients were diagnosed with well differentiated tumors (G1); 21 patients had moderately differentiated tumors (G2); and 35 patients had poorly differentiated tumors (G3). T1 tumors were observed in 11 individuals, T2 tumors – in 26 individuals, T3 tumors – in 26 individuals, and T4 tumors – in 4 individuals. We also examined 30 patients who had undergone neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, including external beam radiotherapy (total dose of 60 Gy) and a cycle of polychemotherapy (cisplatin and 5‑fluorouracil). Of them, 6 patients had T1 tumors, 17 patients – T2 tumors, 5 patients – T3 tumors, and 2 patients – T4 tumors. We measured the areas occupied by CD8+T-lymphocytes, CD20+B-lymphocytes, and CD57+NK-cells in the hot spots in the tumor microenvironment.

Results. The number of CD8+T-lymphocytes in the tumor microenvironment was higher in patients after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy than in those who did not receive it (р = 0.000), whereas the number of CD20+B-lymphocytes was lower after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. The area occupied by CD57+NK-cells in the hot spots of the tumor microenvironment did not differ significantly before and after therapy (p >0.05).

Conclusion. Thus, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma caused an increase in the number of CD8+T-lymphocytes, a decrease in the number of CD20+B-lymphocytes in the tumor microenvironment, and had no effect on the population of CD57+NK-cells.
Enhancing KCC2 Activity Restores Reflex Inhibition and Improves Locomotor Function after Spinal Cord Injury
Authors:   , Bilchak Jadwiga N. , Côté Marie-Pascale
Published: February 2022

After spinal cord injury (SCI), 70% of individuals develop spasticity, a debilitating condition involving involuntary movements, co-contraction of antagonistic muscles, and hyperreflexia. By acting on GABAergic and Ca²⁺-dependent signaling, current anti-spastic medications lead to serious side effects, including muscle weakness and a drastic, indiscriminate decrease in spinal excitability which impairs motor function and recovery. Exercise, in contrast, decreases spastic symptoms without eliminating spinal excitability by increasing expression of the chloride co-transporter, KCC2, in lumbar motoneurons. However, exercise is not always possible for SCI individuals. Thus, a viable alternative may be to restore KCC2 activity pharmacologically. This work examines how the recently developed KCC2 enhancers, CLP257 and CLP290, affect spastic symptoms and motor function after chronic SCI. In Sprague Dawley rats with a complete thoracic injury, increasing KCC2 activity in the lumbar enlargement improved the rate-dependent depression of the H-reflex and reduced both phasic and tonic EMG responses to muscle stretch. Furthermore, the improvements due to this acute pharmacological treatment mirrored those observed in rats that were exercised for four weeks. We then explored this further in awake, behaving animals, using chronically implanted electrodes to assess EMG responses in an array of pathways involved in motor control. Increasing KCC2 activity reduced co-contraction of antagonistic muscles, restored reflex responses that resemble those recorded pre-injury, and improved locomotor patterning without decreasing motor output. Together, our results suggest that by restoring endogenous inhibition, pharmacologically increasing KCC2 activity has potential to avoid severe side effects and improve the quality of life of affected individuals.
Towards omnidirectional immersion for ROV teleoperation
Authors: Bosch Josep , Ridao Pere , García Rafael , Gracias Nuno
Published: February 2022

The use of omnidirectional cameras underwater is enabling many new and exciting applications in multiple fields. Among them, it will allow Remotely Operated Underwater Vehicles (ROVs) to be piloted directly by means of the images captured by omnidirectional cameras through virtual reality (VR) headsets. This immersive experience will extend the pilot's spatial awareness and reduce the usual orientation problems during missions. This paper presents this concept and illustrates it with the first experiments for achieving this purpose.
Esquema de integración para experimentación real con sistemas robóticos bi-brazo
Authors: Rojas-de-Silva Abiud , Rodríguez Carlos , Suárez Raúl
Published: February 2022

En este artículo se presenta un esquema para la integración de un sistema robótico bi-brazo, para transformar resultados obtenidos de simulaciones en ejecuciones en un entorno real. Este esquema utiliza una capa de comunicación basada en \The Robot Operating System (ROS)" y el software \The Kautham Project", para calcular las trayectorias de movimiento, validar la existencia de soluciones de cinemáticas inversas, chequeo de colisiones y visualizar gráficamente la simulación del entorno. El sistema robótico bi-brazo utilizado es ADARS (Anthropomorphic Dual Arm Robotic System). Se han utilizado dos tipos de aplicaciones de cooperación bi-brazo para mostrar la validez del esquema durante la experimentación real.
MPC como estrategia de gestión energética para un vehículo híbrido eléctrico
Authors: Carignano Mauro G. , Feroldi Diego , Nigro Norberto , Costa-Castelló Ramón
Published: February 2022

En este trabajo se presenta la formulación y aplicación de una estrategia de gestión energética (EMS) para un vehículo híbrido eléctrico (HEV) basada en Control Predictivo (MPC). Específicamente, se presenta una formulación no lineal variante en el tiempo. El problema de optimización en el horizonte de predicción se resuelve utilizando programación dinámica. Los resultados obtenidos son comparados con las estrategias de gestión más reconocidas en la literatura, incluyendo la solución óptima. Los resultados en términos del consumo de combustible y del uso de la batería no muestran ninguna ventaja con implementación de MPC.
Diseño de un prototipo de sistema anti-vuelco para vehículos industriales
Authors: Molina Jesús , Ruz Mario L. , Vázquez Francisco
Published: February 2022

En este trabajo se ha desarrollado un prototipo de sistema anti-vuelco para vehículos industriales. En primer lugar, se realizó un estudio sobre el estado del arte de este tipo de dispositivos, recopilándose información sobre índices que estiman la estabilidad de un vehículo. A partir de dicho estudio, se seleccionó el hardware necesario para la implementación de algoritmos que calculan estos índices en tiempo real. El prototipo diseñado dispone de una alarma sonora, una salida a relé, capacidad de registro de datos y una interfaz gráfica. Además, es posible transmitir los índices de estabilidad calculados mediante bus CAN, lo que permite una integración del equipo con los sensores y mecanismos de control del vehículo donde se instale. Para la evaluación del prototipo se llevaron a cabo un conjunto de pruebas tanto de simulación como reales. Los resultados obtenidos ponen de manifiesto la importancia del desarrollo e investigación de este tipo de equipos en la reducción de accidentes por vuelco.
Medidas de no repetición ordenas por los órganos interamericanos de derechos humanos contra Colombia
Authors: Gonzalez Serrano Andres
Published: February 2022

The general objective of the article is to describe the non-repetition measures ordered by the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACHR Court) against Colombia, a country that is part of the Latin American States that have had truth commissions as a complementary source to the judicial processes to achieve the clarification of the facts of the internal armed conflict. The result is achieved through the development of qualitative, basic, and legal research, which uses the deductive and inductive ana-lytical method, and focuses its analysis on the international practice of the Inter-American System. It is concluded that these bodies have rec-ommended measures of non-repetition for the violation of the normative precepts established in the American Convention on Human Rights in the framework of the individual petition mechanism. It should be noted that during the first decade of operation of the IACHR and the IACHR Court, that is, in the 1987-1996 period, there was only one explicit order related to measures of non-repetition; on the contrary, these were constant dur-ing the decisions of the last decade, comprising the 2011-2020 period.
Avances de la Alienación Parental y su regulación en el Estado Mexicano
Authors: Valdéz Reyes Héctor Adrian , Santana Campas Marco Antonio
Published: February 2022

The objective of this research is to analyze the theoretical advances on parental alienation (PA) and how it is regulated in the Mexican State. The research methodology was theoretical-documentary and content analy-sis. In this regard, we found that PA has achieved theoretical consistency by being defined as the situation in which children develop unjustified hatred, contempt, or rejection towards one of their progenitors and that this is generated by parents, grandparents, or other relatives involved; it has been included in the ICD-11 and DSM-5 as a problem in the relation-ship between parents and children in situations of separation or divorce. In Mexico, 14 states contemplate PA within their respective civil codes and recognize the different affectations of children and adolescents in separation, divorce, and custody processes. Nevertheless, within them we identify errors of interpretation and application. In some of them, for example, it is considered as a cause for the loss of cohabitation and pa-rental authority, however, in the world of law no evidence is conclusive by itself or infallible, therefore we suggest that the evaluation and appli-cation of PA be used with caution (like any other expert opinion) and be taken into account in a constellation of expert opinions and indicators of other problems. It is concluded that the PA compromises the welfare and social development of the child, which translates into an affectation of the best interests of children and adolescents.
Régimen transitorio de insolvencia en Colombia: Impacto en Cartagena de Indias D.T. y C. durante el año 2020 de los nuevos procesos concursales creados por los decretos de emergencia económica emitidos por el Gobierno Nacional
Authors: Alarcon Lora Andres Antonio , Alvarez Gonzalez Geraldine M. , Arias Romero Leandro A.
Published: February 2022

This research work analyzes the impact of the new insolvency pro-ceedings created by legislative decrees 560 and 772 of 2020 in the city of Cartagena de Indias D.T. y C. during the year 2020. For this purpose, the transitional insolvency regime is studied, especially the emergency nego-tiation of the reorganization agreements, recovery processes in chambers of commerce, abbreviated reorganization and liquidation. Afterwards, we analyze the applications and admission to processes created by decrees 560 and 772 of 2020, to finally establish the number of confirmed reor-ganization agreements and concluded judicial liquidations settlements.
Desempeño financiero y su efecto en la rentabilidad de las pequeñas y microempresas del sector cerámico de Norte de Santander
Authors: Diaz Ortega Nubia Isabel , Maestre Delgado Marisol , Diaz Ortega Carlos Humberto
Published: February 2022

The main objective of this research is to analyze the effect of financial performance on the profitability of companies in the ceramic sector in Norte de Santander, from 2015-2019, using accounting information through financial indicators. Methodologically, it is based on the quantitative paradigm, with cut in panel data, using a sample of 59 companies. As a result, it is found that small companies have gradually optimized their effectiveness and the most influential determining factor is the net margin, while microcompanies show a decrease in their effectiveness with a negative trend in factors such as indebtedness and liquidity. TheWe propose as a strategy to reduce costs and expenses, increase sales and the constant monitoring of financial indicators.
Cambios en el estilo de vida de los jóvenes en Cartagena de Indias en el marco de la pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Londoño Aldana Emperatriz , Orozco Baldovino Mateo
Published: February 2022

The present work seeks to analyze the lifestyle of young people in Cartagena de Indias in the framework of the COVID-19 pandemic. Previous studies show that the lifestyle of young people can be typified according to activities of preference for socialization, recreation, admission of risks, or permanence in the place of residence. For the study, a structured form with an uncovered objective was applied to a sample of 80 young students from the University of Cartagena. Dyane version 4 software was used for data treatment. A univariate and bivariate analysis was carried out with the application of the chisquare tests for categorical variables and Snedecor’s F for mixed variables. In the mixed variables, a Likert scale with a fivepoint assessment was used to establish degrees of agreement or disagreement. Cluster analysis was made with three partitions, to obtain four groups: two extreme ones (one with highest positive evaluations and another with lowest negative evaluations) and two intermediate ones. The results obtained highlight that, in the current lifestyle of young people, outdoor activities have been affected; and there is a decrease in face-to-face interaction and an increase in it through electronic media.
Laser Additive Manufacturing of Zinc Targeting for Biomedical Application
Authors: Zhou Yan , Wang Jingwen , Yang Youwen , Yang Mingli , Zheng Haizhong , Xie Deqiao , Wang Dongsheng , Shen Lida
Published: February 2022

Biodegradable zinc (Zn) is expected to be used in clinical application like bone tissue engineering scaffolds, since it possesses favorable biocompatibility and suitable degradation rate. Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), which is a typical additive manufacturing technique, offers tremendous advantages in fabricating medical devices with personalized geometric shape and complex porous structure. Therefore, the combination of LPBF and biodegradable Zn has gained intensive attention and also achieved rapid development in recent years. However, it severely challenges the formation quality and resultant performance of LPBF-processed Zn-based materials, due to the evaporation and element loss during laser processing. In this study, the current research status and future research trends for LPBF of Zn-based implants are reviewed from comprehensive viewpoints including formation quality, microstructure feature, and performance. The influences of powder characteristics and process parameters on formation quality are described systematically. The microstructure evolution, mechanical properties, as well as the degradation behavior are also discussed. Finally, the research perspectives for LPBF of Zn are summarized, aiming to provide guideline for future study.