bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measuring Urban Subsidence in the Rome Metropolitan Area (Italy) with Sentinel-1 SNAP-StaMPS Persistent Scatterer Interferometry
Authors: Delgado Blasco José Manuel , Foumelis Michael , Stewart Chris , Hooper Andrew
Published: January 2019

Land subsidence in urban environments is an increasingly prominent aspect in the monitoring and maintenance of urban infrastructures. In this study we update the subsidence information over Rome and its surroundings (already the subject of past research with other sensors) for the first time using Copernicus Sentinel-1 data and open source tools. With this aim, we have developed a fully automatic processing chain for land deformation monitoring using the European Space Agency (ESA) SentiNel Application Platform (SNAP) and Stanford Method for Persistent Scatterers (StaMPS). We have applied this automatic processing chain to more than 160 Sentinel-1A images over ascending and descending orbits to depict primarily the Line-Of-Sight ground deformation rates. Results of both geometries were then combined to compute the actual vertical motion component, which resulted in more than 2 million point targets, over their common area. Deformation measurements are in agreement with past studies over the city of Rome, identifying main subsidence areas in: (i) Fiumicino; (ii) along the Tiber River; (iii) Ostia and coastal area; (iv) Ostiense quarter; and (v) Tivoli area. Finally, post-processing of Persistent Scatterer Inteferometry (PSI) results, in a Geographical Information System (GIS) environment, for the extraction of ground displacements on urban infrastructures (including road networks, buildings and bridges) is considered.
Effect of Biochar on Soil Greenhouse Gas Emissions at the Laboratory and Field Scales
Authors: Fidel Rivka B. , Laird David A. , Parkin Timothy B.
Published: January 2019

Biochar application to soil has been proposed as a means for reducing soil greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating climate change. The effects, however, of interactions between biochar, moisture and temperature on soil CO2 and N2O emissions, remain poorly understood. Furthermore, the applicability of lab-scale observations to field conditions in diverse agroecosystems remains uncertain. Here we investigate the impact of a mixed wood gasification biochar on CO2 and N2O emissions from loess-derived soils using: (1) controlled laboratory incubations at three moisture (27, 31 and 35%) and three temperature (10, 20 and 30 °C) levels and (2) a field study with four cropping systems (continuous corn, switchgrass, low diversity grass mix and high diversity grass-forb mix). Biochar reduced N2O emissions under specific temperatures and moistures in the laboratory and in the continuous corn cropping system in the field. However, the effect of biochar on N2O emissions was only significant in the field and no effect on cumulative CO2 emissions was observed. Cropping system also had a significant effect in the field study, with soils in grass and grass-forb cropping systems emitting more CO2 and less N2O than corn cropping systems. Observed biochar effects were consistent with previous studies showing that biochar amendments can reduce soil N2O emissions under specific but not all, conditions. The disparity in N2O emission responses at the lab and field scales suggests that laboratory incubation experiments may not reliably predict the impact of biochar at the field scale.
Towards Adaptive Commons: A Case Study of Agro-Pastoral Dams in Northern Ghana
Authors: Weesie Ruben
Published: January 2019

Agro-pastoral dams (APDs) are an increasingly popular method of adaptation interventions improving communal water supply in rural West Africa. However, APDs are often constructed in areas where culturally heterogeneous pastoralists and farmers compete for similar land and water resources. Lifting open access water abundance is likely to change if not intensify ongoing tensions between farmers and settling Fulani herders. The extent of collective action and inclusivity of 6 APDs in Northern Ghana are analysed, combining theory from common-pool resource management and equity and justice in climate change adaptation into a proposed Inclusive Collective Action (ICA) model. Practically, the article demonstrates that neither fully excluding Fulani pastoralists nor making dams openly accessible results in inclusive APD usage and management where collective action is successful, and more dynamic forms of regional inclusion and exclusion are needed. Theoretically, the article identifies some of the limitations of applying the enabling conditions for collective action of common-pool resource theory as it tends to overlook negative aspects of excluding certain user groups in culturally heterogeneous contexts from managing and using a commons.
Corporate Political Ties and Firm Value: Comparative Analysis in the Korean Market
Authors: Chung Chune Young , Byun Jung Hoon , Young Jason
Published: January 2019

Although prior studies have viewed corporate political ties as unethical, this study investigates whether changes in the political environment can significantly affect the net value of firms over time in emerging and transitioning economies. Analysis of a panel of South Korean listed firms in the Gyeongsang and Jeolla provinces from 1998 to 2013 reveals that political network ties to the regime currently in power provide significantly more positive benefits to politically connected firms than to non-connected firms. However, political network ties to the rival of the regime in power have significantly more negative effects on politically connected firms than on non-connected firms. More importantly, unexpected political regime changes strongly affect the shift from positive to negative effects on firm value over time, and political network ties continue to significantly and positively affect firm value over time during regime changes after political and economic liberalization in South Korea. These results line up with various robustness tests.
Social Capital on Consumer Knowledge-Sharing in Virtual Brand Communities: The Mediating Effect of Pan-Family Consciousness
Authors: Zhang Jiemei , Zhu Qingbo , Wang Yupei
Published: January 2019

Literature investigating social capital theory and Chinese family culture suggests that social capital exists in virtual brand communities, bringing convenience to members, contributing to the cultivation of pan-family consciousness, and affecting consumer knowledge-sharing. In this study, we considered members of virtual brand communities as the research subjects, then analyzed the data using SPSS19.0 and AMOS21.0. We showed that network density, shared language, and shared vision of social capital have a positive impact on pan-family consciousness. This, in turn, had a positive influence on knowledge-sharing, thus playing an intermediary role between cognitive capital and consumer knowledge-sharing.
Study on the Relationship between CSR and Financial Performance
Authors: Cho Sang Jun , Chung Chune Young , Young Jason
Published: January 2019

This study analyzed whether a systematic relationship exists between corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance and corporate financial performance using 191 sample firms listed on the Korea Exchange. The Korea Economic Justice Institute (KEJI) index of 2015 was used to measure CSR performance; profitability and firm value were used to measure corporate financial performance. Return on assets was used as a proxy for profitability, and Tobin’s Q was used as a proxy for firm value. The correlation between these variables and CSR performance was examined through correlation and regression analysis. The results confirm that CSR performance has a partial positive correlation with profitability and firm value. These results are partly consistent with those of previous studies reporting a positive relationship between CSR and Korean firms’ financial performance using the KEJI index before 2011. In the relationship between CSR performance and profitability, only social contribution yields a statistically positive correlation. Analysis of the correlation between CSR performance and financial performance indicators revealed a positive relationship between the growth rate of total assets and corporate soundness and social contribution. Both soundness and social contribution showed a positive correlation with Tobin’s Q, the measure of corporate value.
The Increasing Sociospatial Fragmentation of Urban America
Authors: Delmelle Elizabeth C.
Published: January 2019

This analysis examines the spatial fragmentation of the urban landscape with respect to neighborhoods classified according to their racial, demographic, housing and socioeconomic characteristics. The analysis is performed on the 50 largest metropolitan areas throughout the United States from 1990–2010, and looks at both global trends over time using a landscape ecology metric of edge density to quantify fragmentation over time. It then analyzes the spatial clustering of each neighborhood type over time, for each city. Results illustrate an increasingly fragmented urban landscape with respect to neighborhood type, led by Los Angeles as the most fragmented metropolitan area. Decomposed by neighborhood type, both racially concentrated high-poverty neighborhoods, as well as neighborhoods with a highly educated population, have increased in spatial concentration in large cities over time, exposing rises in spatial inequalities even as global patterns suggest a breaking up of neighborhood types. The global patterns are therefore driven by declines in more moderate-income and multiethnic neighborhoods, and a decline in the spatial concentration of newer, white, single-family housing neighborhoods.
Enhanced Positioning Bandwidth in Nanopositioners via Strategic Pole Placement of the Tracking Controller
Authors: Altaher Mohammed , Aphale Sumeet
Published: January 2019

Tracking triangular or staircase trajectories is a challenge for a piezo-driven nanopositioner due to vibration problems. The piezo-driven nanopositioner is a lightly-damped system because of its mechanical construction. These reference trajectories are high-frequency components that tend to excite the mechanical resonance of the nanopositioner, causing vibration and thus affecting the accuracy. The Integral Resonant Controller (IRC) is employed to damp the resonance and thereby furnish a larger gain margin for a high-gain tracking controller to be implemented. The IRC, however, introduces a low-frequency pole. Due to other control issues, such as hysteresis nonlinearity, Integral (I) or Proportional Integral (PI) tracking control is used as a tracking loop to address uncertainties (hysteresis). The traditional method using a PI controller has a limited positioning bandwidth. This paper presents the strategic zero placement of the PI controller to enhance the positioning bandwidth, thereby overcoming the limitations of tracking error. Using experimental validations to confirm the feasibility of the proposed method, it is shown that significant improvement regarding bandwidth and disturbance rejection are reported.
pH-mediated control over the mesostructure of ordered mesoporous materials templated by polyion complex micelles
Authors: Molina Emilie , Mathonnat Mélody , Richard Jason , Lacroix-Desmazes Patrick , In Martin , Dieudonné Philippe , Cacciaguerra Thomas , Gérardin Corine , Marcotte Nathalie
Published: January 2019

Ordered mesoporous silica materials were prepared under different pH conditions by using a silicon alkoxide as a silica source and polyion complex (PIC) micelles as the structure-directing agents. PIC micelles were formed by complexation between a weak polyacid-containing double-hydrophilic block copolymer, poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(acrylic acid) (PEO-b-PAA), and a weak polybase, oligochitosan-type polyamine. As both the micellization process and the rate of silica condensation are highly dependent on pH, the properties of silica mesostructures can be modulated by changing the pH of the reaction medium. Varying the materials synthesis pH from 4.5 to 7.9 led to 2D-hexagonal, wormlike or lamellar mesostructures, with a varying degree of order. The chemical composition of the as-synthesized hybrid organic/inorganic materials was also found to vary with pH. The structure variations were discussed based on the extent of electrostatic complexing bonds between acrylate and amino functions and on the silica condensation rate as a function of pH.
PUBLIC FINANCE OF LITHUANIA: GENDER PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Rakauskienė Ona Gražina , Chlivickas Eugenijus
Published: January 2019

The paper presents the analysis of Lithuania's economic growth, tax policy, state budget and municipality budgets, using of the EU structural funds support from a gender perspective. Gender asymmetry is examined not only at the microeconomic level, but also at the level of macroeconomics, therefore solutions of gender problems have to be relevant and adopted in view of macroeconomic criteria.
CULTURAL PRACTICES AND VALUES AT THE SOCIETAL LEVEL IN ESTONIA IN COMPARISON WITH NEIGHBOURING COUNTRIES
Authors: Alas Ruth , Tuulik Krista
Published: January 2019

The research question in this paper involves comparing the differences between the actual regional societal culture (cultural practices) and the desired regional societal culture (cultural values) in Estonia with cultural practices in neighbouring countries Russia and Finland. Practices at the organization level are compared with practices and values at the societal level in Estonia.

An analysis of results from the GLOBE research project have indicated that Russia and Finland have both had an impact on Estonian culture and practices. Similarities with Finland stem from the shared genetic background and appear in Estonian values. The Soviet heritage can be seen in Estonian societal and organizational practices, which are closer to Russian than Finnish indicators. Change in practices takes time and starts from within and among organizations, but over time this may also spread to the society.
THE PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL STATE
Authors: Makštutis Antanas
Published: January 2019

The paper analyzes the global economic factors of the development of the national state in the European Union (EU). The place of the national state is shown under globalization in the common EU space where under the conditions of a free market complicated tasks are being formed: development of progress, promotion of democracy in the territory of the state, and activation of the public activity. Problems of the national state and public development as well as ways of their solution are described. Analysis is given of the opportunities for modernization of the organization in the national market and the common EU space, factors related to optimization of human labour are determined and presented, and methods are foreseen for solving the future political, economic and social problems in the EU under the conditions of globalization.
CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT AS BUSINESS STRATEGY APPLIANCE: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL DIMENSIONS
Authors: Tamošiūnienė Rima , Jasilionienė Regina
Published: January 2019

The main purpose of this article is to provide an integral and managerially useful view of customer relationship management (CRM) as business strategy. The key objectives are: to analyze CRM origins, development and changes that have occurred over time and to provide its future directions, to rank the variety of CRM definitions and determine CRM definition, which reflects CRM essence most accurately, to analyze components of CRM, to provide a framework, which ensures that CRM is approached on a strategic, balanced and integrated basis, to determine CRM strategy definition, and to identify CRM strategy position in the whole of companies strategies. The article provides best practices of CRM strategy appliance. The methods used: analysis and generalization of scientific and practical works and statistical data.
THE ADOPTION OF COMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES AND THE LOCAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Tiago Maria Teresa Borges , Couto João Pedro , Natário Maria Manuela dos Santos , Braga Ascensão Maria Martins
Published: January 2019

This paper examines the imbalances in the availability and usage of communication and information technology infrastructure. These imbalances could be broadly attributed to differences in funding, management and technical expertise, exposure and awareness of available technologies, training, and other infrastructures like R&D institutions. In our sample, the imbalances could be broadly attributed not only to differences in such factors as industry, dimension, management education, but also to lack of cooperation, workers mobility and reduced markets which are common factors in disfavoured regions.
GUEST EDITORIAL
Authors: Rutkauskas Aleksandras Vytautas , Saee John
Published: January 2019

10.3846/16111699.2007.9636174
PREDICTING THE IMPACT OF THE EU COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY REFORM IN ENGLAND: MICRO AND MACROECONOMIC ASPECTS
Authors: Areal Francisco J. , Ceddia Michele G. , Pazienza Pasquale
Published: January 2019

In this article we investigate the effects of the European CAP reform on a selection of arable crops in England, both at a regional and national level. The results show that the CAP reform will push farmers to adjust to the new market conditions, which will cause a further restructuring of the English agricultural business sector. Our results show that, under the new market conditions, economically‐small farms will increase their output by allocating more land to cereals, whereas economically‐large farms will need to decrease land allocated to cereals to reduce production costs and achieve better returns.
OPERATIONAL EXPERIENCE OF GNSS RECEIVERS WITH CHIP SCALE ATOMIC CLOCKS FOR BASELINE MEASUREMENTS
Authors: Karpik Alexander P. , Kosarev Nikolay S. , Antonovich Konstantin M. , Ganagina Irina G. , Timofeev Vladimir Yu.
Published: January 2019

Currently, one of the topical issues of improving GLONASS system is modernization of its uniformity measurement equipment, including RF measurement equipment and electronic length measurement equipment. To this end, at the Spatial Reference Proving Ground of theSiberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies (SSUGT), the authors of this article carried out a successful experiment to measure a short GNSS baseline by receivers equipped with Chip Scale Atomic Clocks (CSACs) with instability of 10−11 showed that the mean deviation between the slant distance (D) measured using GNSS receivers connected to CSACs and their certified value varied in the range of 0.1–2.5 mm, with the average value of 0.9 mm. The mean deviation obtained using GNSS geodetic receivers not connected to CSAC and their certified value made up 9.4 mm.

The obtained experimental results suggest that substitution of quartz frequency generators with temperature compensation used in geodetic GNSS receivers for Chip Scale Atomic Clocks in any metrological or verification kit increases accuracy and reliability of short baselines measurements results, which highly perspective in view of development of techniques for creating reference baselines with a reproduction error of unit length of about 1 mm per 1 km.

The above-mentioned experiment opens up new horizons for the use of Chip Scale Atomic Clocks in such fields of science as metrological support of geodetic equipment, geodesy, etc.
Circumstellar Dust Distribution in Systems with Two Planets in Resonance
Authors: Marzari Francesco , D’Angelo Gennaro , Picogna Giovanni
Published: January 2019

We investigate via numerical modeling the effects of two planets locked in resonance, and migrating outward, on the dust distribution of the natal circumstellar disk. We aim to test whether the dust distribution exhibits peculiar features arising from the interplay among the gravitational perturbations of the planets in resonance, the evolution of the gas, and its influence on the dust grain dynamics. We focus on the 3:2 and 2:1 resonance, where the trapping may be caused by the convergent migration of a Jupiter- and Saturn-mass planet, preceding the common gap formation and ensuing outward (or inward) migration. Models show that a common gap also forms in the dust component similarly to what a single, more massive planet would generate and that outward migration leads to a progressive widening of the dust gap and to a decoupling from the gas gap. As the system evolves, a significantly wider gap is observed in the dust distribution, which ceases to overlap with the gas gap in the inner disk regions. At the outer edge of the gas gap, outward migration of the planets produces an overdensity of dust particles, which evolve differently in the 3:2 and 2:1 resonances. For the 3:2 resonance, the dust trap at the gap’s outer edge is partly efficient, and a significant fraction of the grains filters through the gap. For the 2:1 resonance, the trap is more efficient, and very few grains cross the gap, while the vast majority accumulate at the outer edge of the gap.
Discovery of Three New Transiting Hot Jupiters: WASP-161 b, WASP-163 b, and WASP-170 b
Authors: Barkaoui K. , Burdanov A. , Hellier C. , Gillon M. , Smalley B. , Maxted P. F. L. , Lendl M. , Triaud A. H. M. J. , Anderson D. R. , McCormac J. , Jehin E. , Almleaky Y. , Armstrong D. J. , Benkhaldoun Z. , Bouchy F. , Brown D. J. A. , Cameron A. C. , Daassou A. , Delrez L. , Ducrot E. , Foxell E. , Murray C. , Nielsen L. D. , Pepe F. , Pollacco D. , Pozuelos F. J. , Queloz D. , Segransan D. , Udry S. , Thompson S. , West R. G.
Published: January 2019

We present the discovery of three new transiting hot Jupiters by the WASP-South project, WASP-161 b, WASP-163 b, and WASP-170 b. Follow-up radial velocities obtained with the Euler/CORALIE spectrograph and transit light curves obtained with the TRAPPIST-North, TRAPPIST-South, SPECULOOS-South, NITES, and Euler telescopes have enabled us to determine the masses and radii for these transiting exoplanets. WASP-161 b completes an orbit around its V = 11.1 F6V-type host star in 5.406 days, and has a mass M

p
 = 2.5 ± 0.2M
Jup and radius R

p
 = 1.14 ± 0.06 R
Jup. WASP-163 b orbits around its host star (spectral type G8V and the magnitude V = 12.5) every 1.609 days, and has a mass of M

P
 = 1.9 ± 0.2 M
Jup and a radius of R

p
 = 1.2 ± 0.1 R
Jup. WASP-170 b has a mass of 1.7 ± 0.2 M
Jup and a radius of 1.14 ± 0.09 R
Jup and is on a 2.344 day orbit around a G1V-type star of magnitude V = 12.8. Given their irradiations (∼109 erg s−1 cm−2) and masses, the three new planets’ sizes are in good agreement with classical models of irradiated giant planets.
A Study of a Tilted Thin Inner Accretion Disk around a Spinning Black Hole
Authors: Banerjee Srimanta , Chakraborty Chandrachur , Bhattacharyya Sudip
Published: January 2019

The inner part of a thin accretion disk around a Kerr black hole can serve as an important tool to study the physics of the strong gravity regime. A tilt in such a disk with respect to the black hole spin axis is particularly useful for this purpose, as such a tilt can have a significant effect on the observed X-ray spectral and timing features via Lense–Thirring precession. However, the inner disk has been predicted to become aligned with the spin direction of the black hole by the well-known Bardeen–Petterson effect. Here we calculate, both analytically and numerically, the radial profile of the thin accretion disk tilt angle in the viscous regime (i.e.,

α is the Shakura–Sunyaev viscosity parameter, H is the disk thickness, and R is the radial distance). We show that the inner disk may not be aligned at all for certain reasonable ranges of parameter values. This makes the inner accretion disk particularly promising to probe the black hole parameters, and the accretion process in the strong gravity region.
Signatures of Magnetic Reconnection at the Footpoints of Fan-shaped Jets on a Light Bridge Driven by Photospheric Convective Motions
Authors: Bai Xianyong , Socas-Navarro Hector , Nóbrega-Siverio Daniel , Su Jiangtao , Deng Yuanyong , Li Dong , Cao Wenda , Ji Kaifan
Published: January 2019

Dynamical jets are generally found on light bridges (LBs), which are key to studying sunspot decay. So far, their formation mechanism is not fully understood. In this paper, we used state-of-the-art observations from the Goode Solar Telescope, the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph, the Spectro-polarimeter on board Hinode, and the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory to analyze the fan-shaped jets on LBs in detail. A continuous upward motion of the jets in the ascending phase is found from the Hα velocity that lasts for 12 minutes and is associated with the Hα line wing enhancements. Two mini jets appear on the bright fronts of the fan-shaped jets visible in the AIA 171 and 193 Å channels, with a time interval as short as 1 minute. Two kinds of small-scale convective motions are identified in the photospheric images, along with the Hα line wing enhancements. One seems to be associated with the formation of a new convection cell, and the other manifests as the motion of a dark lane passing through the convection cell. The finding of three-lobe Stokes V profiles and their inversion with the NICOLE code indicate that there are magnetic field lines with opposite polarities in LBs. From the Hα −0.8 Å images, we found ribbon-like brightenings propagating along the LBs, possibly indicating slipping reconnection. Our observation supports the idea that the fan-shaped jets under study are caused by magnetic reconnection, and photospheric convective motions play an important role in triggering the magnetic reconnection.
The Infrared Medium-deep Survey. VI. Discovery of Faint Quasars at z ∼ 5 with a Medium-band-based Approach
Authors: Kim Yongjung , Im Myungshin , Jeon Yiseul , Kim Minjin , Pak Soojong , Taak Yoon Chan , Choi Changsu , Hong Jueun , Hyun Minhee , Ji Tae-Geun , Jun Hyunsung David , Karouzos Marios , Kim Dohyeong , Kim Duho , Kim Jae-Woo , Kim Ji Hoon , Lee Hye-In , Lee Seong-Kook , Park Won-Kee , Yoon Yongmin , Byeon Seoyeon , Hwang Sungyong , Kim Joonho , Kim Sophia , Lim Gu , Paek Insu , Park Woojin , Shin Suhyun
Published: January 2019

The faint quasars with M
1450 > −24 mag are known to hold the key to the determination of the ultraviolet emissivity for the cosmic reionization. But only a few have been identified so far because of the limitations on the survey data. Here we present the first results of the z ∼ 5 faint quasar survey with the Infrared Medium-deep Survey (IMS), which covers ∼100 deg2 areas in J band to the depths of J
AB ∼ 23 mag. To improve selection methods, the medium-band follow-up imaging has been carried out using the SED camera for QUasars in Early uNiverse (SQUEAN) on the Otto Struve 2.1 m Telescope. The optical spectra of the candidates were obtained with 8 m class telescopes. We newly discovered 10 quasars with −25 < M
1450 < −23 at z ∼ 5, among which three have been missed in a previous survey using the same optical data over the same area, implying the necessity for improvements in high-redshift faint quasar selection. We derived photometric redshifts from the medium-band data and found that they have high accuracies of

. The medium-band-based approach allows us to rule out many of the interlopers that contaminate ≳20% of the broadband-selected quasar candidates. These results suggest that the medium-band-based approach is a powerful way to identify z ∼ 5 quasars and measure their redshifts at high accuracy (1%–2%). It is also a cost-effective way to understand the contribution of quasars to the cosmic reionization history.
La « découverte de l’Amérique » par les protestants français en 1917-1918
Authors: Encrevé André
Published: January 2019

En 1917, l’intervention américaine dans la guerre est l’occasion pour les protestants français de découvrir les États-Unis. Or, analyse André Encrevé , ce qu’ils en apprennent correspond souvent à ce qu’ils souhaitent pour la France, à savoir un pays protestant pratiquant logiquement une laïcité de facture protestante : la liberté religieuse est complète, les Églises sont séparées de l’État, mais l’État n’ignore pas le fait religieux et honore les Églises. Cette représentation se double d’une grande admiration pour le président Wilson, homme aux très fermes convictions religieuses, qui n’hésite pas à les mettre en avant dans l’exercice de ses fonctions.
Traque, expulsion, abandon : parcours de dublinés
Authors: Maillary Caroline
Published: January 2019

Près de la moitié des demandes d’asile enregistrées en 2017 ont abouti à un placement en procédure « Dublin », ce qui signifie que les personnes concernées vivent sous la menace d’un renvoi dans le premier pays européen par lequel elles sont entrées dans l’UE, désigné comme responsable du traitement de leur demande d’asile. Même si ce renvoi n’est pas toujours effectif, tous les moyens sont bons pour traquer les « dubliné·e·s », les pousser à la faute et les reléguer dans une marginalité sociale qui fait de ces candidat·e·s à l’asile des sans-papiers dont la demande n’aura même pas été examinée.
La représentation-incarnation : idéaltype et configurations historiques
Authors: Sintomer Yves
Published: January 2019

Résumé Cet article vise à comprendre des expressions telles que «  We the people  », «  Wir sind das Volk  », « l’État c’est moi », «  We are the 99 %  », « Nous sommes la nature ». La généalogie des prétentions à une représentation qui passe par l’incarnation de la communauté politique dans une personne ou un groupe remonte en Occident au Moyen Âge, voire aux débuts de la chrétienté. Cinq configurations historiques sont tour à tour analysées : la représentation de type trustee de la théorie politique de langue anglaise, la repraesentatio identitatis médiévale, la Repräsentation de la théorie politique allemande, la représentation populiste et la représentation libertaire. Dans une optique wébérienne, l’objectif global est de construire à partir d’elles un idéaltype de la représentation-incarnation. Celle-ci consiste en un rapport dans lequel une personne (ou un groupe) s’exprime et le cas échéant prend des décisions contraignantes au nom d’une entité représentée à laquelle elle s’identifie. Contrairement à la représentation-mandat, la représentation-incarnation ne repose pas sur une volonté explicite et un mandat donné par l’entité représentée.
Os Militares e a Política entre o Ultimato e a República
Authors: Sardica José Miguel
Published: January 2019

No período que se estendeu do Ultimato britânico de 1890 à implantação da República em 1910, a relação entre os militares e o poder foi a de um complexo jogo de sombras e de interdependências: enquanto as forças armadas olhavam a política com indiferença, neutralidade, distanciamento crítico ou desejo de intervenção pontual, os políticos olhavam os militares com um misto de receio e esperança, tentando cada facção ou força ideológica instrumentalizá-los em proveito próprio. A presente comunicação aborda a evolução desse relacionamento, bem como o grau de participação dos militares no 5 de Outubro, evidenciando como o período de 1890-1910, não sendo já o do predomínio “civilista” da Regeneração, também não foi o do “militarismo” típico de outras nações europeias no fim do século, ou de uma certa realidade portuguesa no imediato pós-I Guerra.
A Política Concordatária de Pio XI e Pio XII: As Concordatas Italiana, Portuguesa e Espanhola
Authors: Almeida de Carvalho Rita
Published: January 2019

Este artigo analisa e recorda o facto de as concordatas celebradas na Europa, no período de entreguerras, terem sido uma reacção do Papado à aplicação do princípio da separação da Igreja e do Estado, e como através da utilização daquele instrumento político-diplomático, indiferente à forma de regime, a Igreja Católica sancionou a onda fascizante que deflagrou na Europa, conferindo aos novos regimes uma fonte de legitimidade, estabilização e durabilidade. No entanto, se os diversos acordos concordatários estabelecidos apresentaram grandes semelhanças ao nível do seu articulado, contêm também diferenças consideráveis, as quais se procuram aqui compreender, atendendo em particular às concordatas celebradas com os regimes fascista, salazarista e franquista.
A ‘Solidão’ na Política Externa Portuguesa no Início da Década de 60: O Caso dos Estados Unidos
Authors: Rodrigues Luís Nuno
Published: January 2019

A presente comunicação aborda a política externa portuguesa no período que decorre entre 1961 e 1968, ou seja, desde o início da Guerra Colonial em Angola até ao fim do governo de Oliveira Salazar. Neste sentido, procura, num primeiro momento, averiguar a posição de diversos países do mundo ocidental, como a Inglaterra, a França, a República Federal Alemã e a Espanha, face à evolução da política doméstica e ultramarina em Portugal. Dedica, depois, especial atenção ao caso dos Estados Unidos, cuja política para com Portugal durante o período em análise constituiu o tema da tese de doutoramento do autor. No final, esta comunicação argumenta que o tão propalado tópico da “solidão” da política portuguesa nos anos 60 parece não encontrar grande correspondência com a realidade e que, a despeito de algumas manifestações públicas em contrário, Portugal nunca deixou de contar com o apoio fundamental dos seus aliados ocidentais. Mesmo no caso das relações com os Estados Unidos, apesar do conturbado período vivido em 1961, estas nunca se deterioraram ao ponto de fazer perigar a sobrevivência do regime, bem como o seu esforço de guerra nas colónias africanas.
Impact of Green Supply Chain Management on Competitive Advantage of Business Organizations in Sri Lanka
Authors: Sadurdeen A. R. , Sutha Jayaranjani
Published: January 2019

Organizations adopt many strategies to gain competitive advantage. An important strategy is adopting green practices. Cost-benefit and customer value enhancement are two other strategies. By combining all of these elements, organizations can acquire a superior competitive advantage. There are contradictory findings on applying the cost-benefit element to green supply chain management (GSCM) and no clear theory on how to combine these elements to gain a competitive advantage. The primary objective of this study is to identify the impact of GSCM on competitive advantage of business organizations in Sri Lanka. Sample technique used was convenience sampling method. Data was collected from 30 organizations that were following green practices in Sri Lanka. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, correlation coefficient, and simple regression model. The results show that there is a strong positive relationship between GSCM and competitive advantage, and rather than applying just one element to gain a competitive advantage, it was considered more effective to apply both cost-benefit and customer value enhancement simultaneously.
Meta-Heuristic Approaches for Supply Chain Management
Authors: Srinivasan S. P.
Published: January 2019

Supply chain management (SCM) is essentially a set of approaches utilized to efficiently integrate suppliers, manufacturers, warehouses, and stores, so that merchandise is produced and distributed at the right quantities, to the right locations, and at the right time in order to minimize system-wide costs or maximize profits while satisfying service level requirements. To solve complex problems in SCM and to obtain optimization, various meta-heuristics algorithms can be used. Thus, this chapter discusses the background of meta-heuristics algorithms. The related work and future research direction for using meta-heuristics approaches for supply chain management are addressed in this chapter.
Internet of Everything
Authors: Dinc Ergin , Kuscu Murat , Bilgin Bilgesu Arif , Akan Ozgur Baris
Published: January 2019

In this chapter, the authors put forward the notion of internet of everything (IoE) as an effort to maximally connect our communication infrastructure to the universe, which can itself be regarded as the real IoE, an interconnected network of physical phenomena (i.e., Everything we perceive as independent wholes that persist through time, such as molecules, light, waves, living organisms, and celestial objects, with the purpose of gaining better understanding of its mechanisms and manipulating them to enable novel technologies via a networked sensing, analysis, and actuation approach). The strategy to outline the IoE effort is by dissecting the vast IoE landscape into IoXs according to their various application domains (Xs), for each of which the authors give an up-to-date account of the state-of-the-art in related fields and point out the challenges in contemporary research faces. They also discuss a wide spectrum of challenges and future research directions (e.g., ubiquitous connectivity, security, big data, etc., which are common to many IoXs and penetrate into the IoE effort in general).
Challenges and Trends in Home Automation
Authors: Portalés Cristina , Casas Sergio , Kreuzer Kai
Published: January 2019

Home automation (HA) systems can be considered as an implementation of the internet of everything (IoE) where many devices are linked by intelligent connections in order to improve the quality of life at home. This chapter is dedicated to analyzing current trends and challenges in HA. Energy management, safer homes, and improved control over the house are some of the benefits of HA. However, privacy, security, social disruption, installation/maintenance issues, economic costs, market fragmentation, and low interoperability represent real problems of these IoE solutions. In this regard, the latest proposals in HA try to answer some of these needs with low-cost DIY solutions, wireless solutions, and IP-based HA systems. This chapter proposes a way to deal with the interoperability problem by means of the open-source platform openHAB. It is based on the concept of a home automation bus, an idea that enables the separation of the physical and the functional view of any device, allowing to create a technology-agnostic environment, which is perfect for addressing the interoperability problem.
Security Awareness in the Internet of Everything
Authors: Izosimov Viacheslav , Törngren Martin
Published: January 2019

Our societal infrastructure is transforming into a connected cyber-physical system of systems, providing numerous opportunities and new capabilities, yet also posing new and reinforced risks that require explicit consideration. This chapter addresses risks specifically related to cyber-security. One contributing factor, often neglected, is the level of security education of the users. Another factor, often overlooked, concerns security-awareness of the engineers developing cyber-physical systems. Authors present results of interviews with developers and surveys showing that increase in security-awareness and understanding of security risks, evaluated as low, are the first steps to mitigate the risks. Authors also conducted practical evaluation investigating system connectivity and vulnerabilities in complex multi-step attack scenarios. This chapter advocates that security awareness of users and developers is the foundation to deployment of interconnected system of systems, and provides recommendations for steps forward highlighting the roles of people, organizations and authorities.
Strategic and Process Management
Authors: Carvalho e Souza Maria Olga , Dias Alvaro Lopes , Sabino Emmanuel M.C.B.
Published: January 2019

The performance of companies has been of great interest in the organizational and academic world. In Brazil it became a matter of survival, given the high number of premature corporate deaths, especially in the field of micro and small enterprises. Following this same interest, the authors began this exploratory qualitative research to find information about the specifics of some companies that manage to remain in the market with reasonable competitiveness and for many years. In this universe, they selected three companies located in the city of Teresina (PI) that presented a significant boost in the face of a turbulent and unpredictable environment. Some characteristics, behaviors, and skills have been highlighted as likely indicators of dynamic capacity leading to the achievement of a competitive advantage, which, consequently, cause these companies to be remembered and chosen by consumers among others existing in the same place or region.
The Challenges of Small Companies
Authors: Oliveira Daniele Lopes
Published: January 2019

The aim of the chapter is to understand and analyze the main challenges faced by the city of Aparecida de Goiânia, state of Goiás, for its economic development, from 2015 to this first quarter of 2018. Also, the authors analyze what strategies are being adopted by local, state, and municipality governments in view of recent corruption scandals in Brazil in very recent years leading to problems such as failure to provide adequate infrastructure, high tax rates, and a slow and heavy bureaucratic system that makes the opening, reform, and closing of companies a slow and difficult process.
Education and Poverty in Ibero-Americana Countries
Authors: Bayter Osorio , Bustelo Francisco Espasandin
Published: January 2019

The conditions of poverty, indigence, hunger, and unemployment have increased since the 1980s. At the end of the 20th century, in March of 1995, during the World Social Summit in Copenhagen, major social commitments were signed in order to agree on the best way to deal with the generalized problems of poverty and unemployment, with special sensitivity in Latin America and granting education a priority area of action in the fight against poverty. In this chapter, three objectives are specified from the consulted literature: first, to provide a general overview of the topic of poverty and their determinants; second, to describe, from aggregate data obtained on the CEPAL website, the situation of education and poverty in some countries of the Ibero-American territory; and finally, evidencing whether there is a significant relationship between levels of education and poverty in those countries.
Family Firms and the Effects of Organizational Culture on Their Innovation
Authors: Baykal Elif
Published: January 2019

Owing to the fact that sustainability and the financial performance of businesses are important work outcomes in family firms, in this chapter for both reaching work and family related goals and ensuring sustainibility, it is proposed that family firms as in the case with their non-family counterparts will prefer to exploit innovativeness in attaining their financial goals. The main objective of this chapter is understanding innovative inclinations and preferences of family firms and examining the relationship between innovativeness and organizational cultures of these companies. And it is suggested that organizational culture will act as a catalyzer in this relationship. In the chapter, innovativeness in family firms has been examined in detail. Main types of organizational cultures regarding innovation in family firms have been explained in detail, and an approach that suggests that organizational climate is closely related with the innovativeness of family firms has been adopted.
Study on Effect of Barriers in Green Supply Chain Management Using Modified SAW Technique
Authors: Reddy Jagannath , Das Biplab , Jagadish
Published: January 2019

Nowadays along with the rapid development of industrialization across the globe, the environmental and ecological impacts of products have become a serious issue. Taking into account purely the economic impacts of industrial decisions, and excluding their ecological impacts, make the human beings and animals more at risk to many threats such as global warming, ozone layer depletion, toxic environments, and natural resources depletion. To minimize the environmental effect, implementation of green supply chain management (GSCM) is much more essential for industries in the environmental and social point of view. The purpose of this chapter is to analyze barriers to an implementation of green supply chain management in a stone crushing plant of Southern India by using modified simple additive weighting (SAW) to rank approaches. Further, this study will help the small-scale industries to understand the factors affecting implementation of GSCM in their organizations.
A MILP and Genetic Algorithm Approach for a Furniture Manufacturing Flow Shop Scheduling Problem
Authors: Kalman Marcell S. , Rojas Omar G. , Olivares-Benitez Elias , Nucamendi-Guillén Samuel Moisés
Published: January 2019

A MILP and genetic algorithm optimization model for the sequencing of jobs in a medium-sized factory, dedicated to the manufacturing of home furniture, where different categories and types of articles are produced and whose routes and manufacturing processing times vary widely, are proposed. Different scenarios are considered for the objective function based on minimizing makespan and tardiness. The results of the optimization for an instance of 24 jobs on five machines, chosen as a representative instance of the order sizes that are handled by the company, show important reductions in the productive system's usage times, oscillating between 10% and 20% with respect to a random initial sequence in the production plan. Improvements were similar in both techniques, the main difference being the solution time of each one.
Gravity and isostasy in Canada
Authors: Miller A H , Hughson W G
Published: January 2019

About one-third of Canada. ha.a been covered by 128 gravity stations established in the southern part of Canada and in the basin of Mackenzie river. Reductions by the Free Air, Bouguer, Hayford, and Airy methods show that the area as a whole is in practically
complete isostatic equilibrium. This also applies to British Columbia and to the mountainous part of Alberta. The results agree somewhat better with the Airy than with the Hayford reduction. The most probable depths for both methods have been computed separately for 22 stations in the mountains as
well as for 126 stations, the total number reduced isostatically. All the important results are tabulated and are in part shown graphically in two curves and on a gravity map which shows the anomalies for both United States and Canadian stations.
Ecological vulnerability indicators to drought: Case of communal farmers in Eastern Cape, South Africa
Authors: Jordaan Andries , Bahta Yonas T. , Phatudi-Mphahlele Boitumelo
Published: January 2019

Estimation of ecological drought vulnerability indicators is the important step for drought mitigation management. This article identified and estimated ecological drought vulnerability indicators among communal farmers in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa, using an ecological vulnerability index based on a household survey of 121 communal farmers. The results identified overgrazing, soil erosion, land degradation, surface and groundwater supply, and land use management as the main ecological vulnerability variables. The results showed that climate is not necessarily linked to ecological vulnerability. High rainfall districts in this study showed higher ecological vulnerability to drought because of poor planning and management of water supply, poor grazing practices and land management that leads to serious land degradation. The identification and analysis of ecological vulnerability indicators to drought would aid in reconsidering priorities for the government to implement appropriate policy measures in response to drought and suggest strategies to reduce drought vulnerability. Such policies and strategies will strengthen climate change adaptation and ensure ecological and climate sustainability that comply with the Millennium Development Goals set out by the United Nations in 2000 and the subsequent 2030 development agenda for the Sustainable Development Goals.