bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness and Safety of Direct Oral Anticoagulant for Secondary Prevention in Asians with Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Park Jiesuck , Lee So-Ryoung , Choi Eue-Keun , Kwon Soonil , Jung Jin-Hyung , Han Kyung-Do , Cha Myung-Jin , Ko Sang-Bae , Oh Seil , Lip Gregory Y. H.
Published: December 2019

We investigated the effectiveness and safety of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) for secondary prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), particularly focusing on subgroups of patients with severe, disabling, and recent stroke. Using the Korean National Health Insurance Service claims database between January 2010 and April 2018, we selected OAC-naïve patients with non-valvular AF and a history of stroke. Cumulative risks for recurrent stroke, major bleeding, composite outcome (recurrent stroke + major bleeding), and mortality were compared between DOAC and warfarin groups. Among 61,568 patients, 28,839 and 32,729 received warfarin and DOACs, respectively. Compared with warfarin, DOACs were associated with lower risks of recurrent stroke (hazard ratio (HR) 0.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.62–0.72), major bleeding (HR 0.73, 95% CI 0.66–0.80), composite outcome (HR 0.69, 95% CI 0.65–0.73), and mortality. DOAC use resulted in a consistent trend of improved outcomes in the subgroups of patients with severe, disabling, and recent stroke. In conclusion, DOACs were associated with lower risks of recurrent stroke, major bleeding, composite clinical outcomes, and mortality in patients with AF and a history of stroke. These results were consistent across all types of DOACs and subgroups of patients with severe, disabling, and recent stroke.
Variable Forest Structure and Fire Reconstructed Across Historical Ponderosa Pine and Mixed Conifer Landscapes of the San Juan Mountains, Colorado
Authors: Baker William L.
Published: December 2019

Late-1800s land surveys were used to reconstruct historical forest structure and fire over more than 235,000 ha in ponderosa pine and mixed conifer landscapes of the San Juan Mountains, Colorado, to further understand differences among regional mountain ranges and help guide landscape-scale restoration and management. Historically, fire-resistant ponderosa pine forests with low tree density and relatively frequent fire, the most restorable forests, covered only the lower 15%–24% of the study area. The other 76%–85% had dominance by mixed- to high-severity fires. Both ponderosa pine and dry mixed conifer had generally pervasive, often dense understory shrubs, and ~20% of pine and ~50%–75% of mixed conifer forests also had high historical tree density. Intensive fuel reduction and mechanical restoration are infeasible and likely ineffective in the upper part of the pine zones and in mixed conifer, where restoring historical fire and creating fire-adapted communities and infrastructure may be the only viable option. Old-growth forests can be actively restored in the lower 15%–24% of the montane, likely increasing landscape resistance and resilience to fire, but mixed- to high-severity fires did also occur near these areas. This imperfect resistance suggests that fire-adapted human communities and infrastructure are needed throughout the study area.
The Influence of Microstructure on the Mechanical Properties and Fracture Behavior of Medium Mn Steels at Different Strain Rates
Authors: Wang Zheng , Xu Juanping , Yan Yu , Li Jinxu
Published: December 2019

The primary task of automotive industry materials is to guarantee passengers’ safety during a car crash. To simulate a car crash, the influence of strain rates on mechanical properties and fracture behavior of medium Mn steels with different Si content (0Si without δ-ferrite and 0.6Si with about 20% δ-ferrite) was conducted using the uniaxial tensile test. The results show that ultimate tensile strength is higher, whereas total elongation is lower in 0Si than in 0.6Si. As the strain rate increases, ultimate tensile strength and total elongation decrease in both 0Si and 0.6Si; nonetheless, total elongation of 0.6Si decreases faster. Meanwhile, the area reduction of 0.6Si increases as the strain rate increases. The microcrack′s number on a rolling direction (RD)-transverse direction (TD) surface is considerably increased; nonetheless, the microcrack′s size is restrained in 0.6Si compared with 0Si. Microcracks start at γ(α′)/α-ferrite interfaces in both 0Si and 0.6Si, whereas little nucleation sites have also been found at (γ(α′)+α-ferrite)/δ-ferrite boundaries in 0.6Si. Meanwhile, δ-ferrite reveals a higher capacity for microcrack arrest. As the strain rate decreases, increased lower crack growth results in fine and even dimples on fractographs with abundant second cracks on fractographs; meanwhile, the small microcrack′s number increases, while the large microcrack′s number decreases on an RD-TD surface.
Strain Range Dependent Cyclic Hardening of 08Ch18N10T Stainless Steel—Experiments and Simulations
Authors: Fumfera Jaromír , Halama Radim , Procházka Radek , Gál Petr , Španiel Miroslav
Published: December 2019

This paper describes and presents an experimental program of low-cycle fatigue tests of austenitic stainless steel 08Ch18N10T at room temperature. The low-cycle tests include uniaxial and torsional tests for various specimen geometries and for a vast range of strain amplitude. The experimental data was used to validate the proposed cyclic plasticity model for predicting the strain-range dependent behavior of austenitic steels. The proposed model uses a virtual back-stress variable corresponding to a cyclically stable material under strain control. This internal variable is defined by means of a memory surface introduced in the stress space. The linear isotropic hardening rule is also superposed. A modification is presented that enables the cyclic hardening response of 08Ch18N10T to be simulated correctly under torsional loading conditions. A comparison is made between the real experimental results and the numerical simulation results, demonstrating the robustness of the proposed cyclic plasticity model.
The Influence of a Polymer Powder on the Properties of a Cold-Recycled Mixture with Foamed Bitumen
Authors: Buczyński Przemysław , Iwański Marek
Published: December 2019

The paper investigates the influence of redispersible polymer powder (RPP) on the physical and mechanical properties of a cold-recycled mixture with foamed bitumen (CRM-FB). Four types of RPP with a varied chemical base were used: VA-VeoVA, VA-VeoVa-Ac, EVA and VA/VV/E/Ac. The polymer powder-modified cold recycled mixture with foamed bitumen, (P)CRM-FB, was composed of 45.8% reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), 45.8% natural aggregate (VA), 3.0% Portland cement CEM I 42,5R, 3.0% foamed bitumen 50/70 and 3.0% RPP, all dosed by weight. The reference mixture, (R)CRM-FB, served as a reference point for comparison. It was found that RPP improved the workability of the CRM-FB mixture. This results in a reduced number of compaction cycles and lower energy needed to obtain the air void content as in the reference mixture. In addition, the RPP modifier markedly increased the CRM-FB mixture cohesion (ITSDRY) and strength, by approximately 40–70%, depending on the RPP used. These findings are particularly important for CRM-FB mixtures designed for road bases. The present investigations confirmed the improvement of the CRM-FB mixture parameters after the modification with RPP, regardless of the powder type used.
On the Fracture Behavior of a Creep Resistant 10% Cr Steel with High Boron and Low Nitrogen Contents at Low Temperatures
Authors: Mishnev Roman , Dudova Nadezhda , Kaibyshev Rustam , Belyakov Andrey
Published: December 2019

An advanced, high chromium, creep-resistant steel was subjected to the tensile tests and three-point bending tests of Charpy V-notch specimens at temperatures of −196 to 20 °C. The steel exhibited ductile fracture under tension tests at all of the temperatures studied. The mechanical properties, i.e., strength and uniform elongation, were enhanced with a decrease in temperature down to −140 °C. Transgranular, dimpled fracture remained the primary fracture mechanism under tension. On the other hand, the results obtained with Charpy V-notch specimens suggested the ductile–brittle transition (DBT). Full embrittlement was observed at temperatures of −60 °C and −150 °C upon impact tests and three-point bending tests, respectively, when the unstable crack started to propagate without remarkable plastic deformation. The DBT temperature of −27 °C for the present steel corresponded to the 28 J impact transition temperature, T28J, when the maximum impact stress matched the maximal true tensile stress.
CFRP Reinforced Foam Concrete Subjected to Dynamic Compression at Medium Strain Rate
Authors: Wang Xiaojuan , Liu Lu , Shen Wenjing , Zhou Hongyuan
Published: December 2019

Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP)-confined foam concrete can be applied in structure protection, e.g., as an impact barrier of bridge piers, in which it is used as the core of the composite impact barrier. Applying CFRP to the foam concrete exterior enhances both the CFRP and the foam concrete, leading to improved compressive performance due to their interaction. In the present study, the carbon-fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) confining effect on the response and energy absorption of foam concrete subjected to quasi-static and medium-strain-rate dynamic compression was experimentally investigated. The confinement by CFRP changed the response and failure mode of foam concrete specimens from shear in quasi-static load and splitting in dynamic load to crushing, resulting in a significant increase in the load bearing and energy absorption capacity. The composite consisting of CFRP and foam concrete was sensitive to strain rate. In particular, the CFRP–foam concrete interaction led to the remarkably improved resistance and energy absorption capacity of CFRP-confined specimens, which were significantly higher than the sum of those of standalone CFRP and foam concrete.
Development of Inherently Flame—Retardant Phosphorylated PLA by Combination of Ring-Opening Polymerization and Reactive Extrusion
Authors: Mincheva Rosica , Guemiza Hazar , Hidan Chaimaa , Moins Sébastien , Coulembier Olivier , Dubois Philippe , Laoutid Fouad
Published: December 2019

In this study, a highly efficient flame-retardant bioplastic poly(lactide) was developed by covalently incorporating flame-retardant DOPO, that is, 9,10-dihydro-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide. To that end, a three-step strategy that combines the catalyzed ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of L,L-lactide (L,L-LA) in bulk from a pre-synthesized DOPO-diamine initiator, followed by bulk chain-coupling reaction by reactive extrusion of the so-obtained phosphorylated polylactide (PLA) oligomers (DOPO-PLA) with hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), is described. The flame retardancy of the phosphorylated PLA (DOPO-PLA-PU) was investigated by mass loss cone calorimetry and UL-94 tests. As compared with a commercially available PLA matrix, phosphorylated PLA shows superior flame-retardant properties, that is, (i) significant reduction of both the peak of heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat release (THR) by 35% and 36%, respectively, and (ii) V0 classification at UL-94 test. Comparisons between simple physical DOPO-diamine/PLA blends and a DOPO-PLA-PU material were also performed. The results evidenced the superior flame-retardant behavior of phosphorylated PLA obtained by a reactive pathway.
Application of Zeolite Tuffs as Mineral Filler in Warm Mix Asphalt
Authors: Woszuk Agnieszka , Wróbel Michał , Franus Wojciech
Published: December 2019

Zeolite materials are used in the warm mix asphalt technology as an asphalt foaming additive, which partially replaces the filler. This article analyzes the influence of the zeolite and other fillers addition on the properties of mastic asphalt. In the research, 35/50 penetration grade asphalt and three types of fillers were used: lime filler (L), zeolite tuff (clinoptilolite) (C), hydrated lime (H) and their mixed combinations (C:L in 1:1 and 1:3 proportions as well as C:L:H in 2:2:1 ratio). The characteristics of the materials included: chemical analysis, phase composition and particle size distribution. The following properties were determined on the asphalt mastic samples: penetration, softening point, penetration index, dynamic viscosity and stiffening measured by softening point increase. It was found that clinoptilolite could partially replace the traditional lime filler, without a negative impact on the asphalt mastic properties. Additionally, the hydrated lime inclusion should have a positive effect on the frost resistance of an asphalt mix.
Role of the Plasma Activation Degree on Densification of Organosilicon Films
Authors: Rangel Rita C. C. , Cruz Nilson C. , Rangel Elidiane C.
Published: December 2019

The possibility of controlling the density of organosilicon films was investigated by tuning the plasma activation degree without providing extra energy to the structure, as usually reported in the literature. For this purpose, thin films were deposited in plasmas fed with hexamethyldisiloxane/Ar mixtures at a total pressure of 9.5 Pa. The power of the radiofrequency excitation signal, P, ranged from 50 to 300 W to alter the average energy of the plasma species while the electrical configuration was chosen to avoid direct ion bombardment of the growing films. In this way, it was possible to evaluate the effect of P on the film properties. Thickness and deposition rate were derived from profilometry data. X-ray energy dispersive and infrared spectroscopies were, respectively, applied to analyze the chemical composition and molecular structure of the layers. Surface topography and roughness were determined by atomic force microscopy while nanoindentation was used to evaluate the mechanical properties of the films. From electrochemical impedance spectroscopy the total resistance to the flow of electrolyte species was derived. The main alteration observed in the structure with changing P is related to the proportion of the methyl functional which remains connected to the Si backbone. Chain crosslinking and film density are affected by this structural modification induced by homogeneous and heterogeneous plasma reactions. The density increase resulted in a film with hardness comparable to that of the silica and more resistant to the permeation of oxidative species, but preserving the organosilicon nature of the structure.
Influence of Aging on Biaxial Flexural Strength and Hardness of Translucent 3Y-TZP
Authors: Moqbel Nawal M. , Al-Akhali Majed , Wille Sebastian , Kern Matthias
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the influence of aging and surface treatment on surface roughness, biaxial flexural strength (BFS), and Vickers hardness (VHN) of translucent dental zirconia. Half of 80 disc-shaped zirconia specimens (1.2 mm thickness and 12 mm diameter) were aged (group A) in an autoclave for 20 h (134 °C and 0.2 MPa) and the other half were not aged (group N). Specimens were subjected to: no surface treatment (SIN), particle air-abrasion with 50 µm alumina particles at 1 bar (0.1 MPa) and 2.5 bar (0.25 MPa), or polishing down to 1 µm (POL). Specimens were analyzed using X-ray diffraction, laser scanning microscope, BFS, and VHN tests. Three groups (N-SIN, N-POL, and A-POL) showed almost no monoclinic phase. While other groups showed monoclinic phase ratios ranging from 7.5 vol. % ± 2.4 vol. % (N-0.1 MPa) to 41.5 vol. % ± 0.3 vol. % (A-0.1 MPa). Aging and particle air-abrasion increased significantly the BFS, ranging from 720 ± 37 MPa (N-SIN) to 1153 ± 92 MPa (N-0.1 MPa). The hardness was not influenced significantly by aging. A certain amount of monoclinic phase at the surface strengthens the high translucent dental zirconia, while hardness and roughness are not influenced. The pressure of particle air-abrasion showed no influence on the evaluated properties.
Enhanced Photoluminescence and Photocatalytic Efficiency of La-Doped Bismuth Molybdate: Its Preparation and Characterization
Authors: Waqar Muhammad , Imran Muhammad , Adil Syed Farooq , Noreen Sadia , Latif Shoomaila , Khan Mujeeb , Siddiqui Mohammed Rafiq H.
Published: December 2019

Herein, a systematic study of the enhanced physicochemical properties of lanthanide doped (La-doped) bismuth molybdate (Bi2MoO6) is performed. For this purpose, Bi2MoO6 and La-doped Bi2MoO6 were prepared by the sol-gel method. BiCl3, Na2MoO4·2H2O, and LaCl3·7H2O were taken as the main precursors while sodium dodecyl sulfate was used as a surfactant. Both Bi2MoO6 and La-doped Bi2MoO6 were calcined at 650 °C for 2 h. These prepared materials were characterized by spectroscopic techniques such as UV–VIS, FT-IR, XRD, photoluminescence, XPS, along with other techniques such as SEM, TEM, TGA, etc. The investigation of luminescence behavior revealed that the La-doped Bi2MoO6 nanocomposite exhibited much greater luminescence compared to the undoped Bi2MoO6. The photocatalytic behavior of the prepared materials was explored by studying the degradation of methylene blue (MB) at room temperature. The degradation of MB with Bi2MoO6 and La-doped bismuth molybdate were observed to be 68% and 75% @ 45 s, respectively, indicating an enhancement of catalytic performance due to the La doping.
Edge Functionalized Graphene Layers for (Ultra) High Exfoliation in Carbon Papers and Aerogels in the Presence of Chitosan
Authors: Guerra Silvia , Barbera Vincenzina , Vitale Alessandra , Bongiovanni Roberta , Serafini Andrea , Conzatti Lucia , Brambilla Luigi , Galimberti Maurizio
Published: December 2019

Ultra-high exfoliation in water of a nanosized graphite (HSAG) was obtained thanks to the synergy between a graphene layer edge functionalized with hydroxy groups and a polymer such as chitosan (CS). The edge functionalization of graphene layers was performed with a serinol derivative containing a pyrrole ring, serinol pyrrole (SP). The adduct between CS and HSAG functionalized with SP was formed simply with a mortar and pestle, then preparing water dispersions stable for months in the presence of acetic acid. Simple casting of such dispersions on a glass support led to carbon papers. Aerogels were prepared through the freeze-dry procedure. Exfoliation was observed in both these families of composites and ultra-high exfoliation was documented in aerogels swollen in water. Carbon papers and aerogels were stable for months in solvents in a wide range of solubility parameter and in a pretty wide range of pH. By considering that a moderately functionalized nanographite was straightforwardly exfoliated in water in the presence of one of the most abundant biobased polymers, the obtained results pave the way for the simple and sustainable preparation of graphene-based nanocomposites. HSAG–SP/CS adducts were characterized by wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, TEM and HRTEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy. Thermal stability of the composites was studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and their direct electrical conductivity with the four-point probe method.
Microstructure and High-Temperature Wear Performance of FeCr Matrix Self-Lubricating Composites from Room Temperature to 800 °C
Authors: Cui Gongjun , Liu Yanping , Gao Guijun , Liu Huiqiang , Kou Ziming
Published: December 2019

FeCr matrix high-temperature self-lubricating composites reinforced by Mo, Ag, and CuO were fabricated by the powder metallurgy technique. The tribological behaviors of composites were studied at temperatures up to 800 °C. The CuO content was optimized according to the tribological results. Mo showed an obvious lubricating effect when it converted into MoO3. The bimetallic oxide system formed high-temperature solid lubricants with low shear strength. CuO reacted with MoO3 and formed CuMoO4 and Cu3Mo2O9. The composites showed an increase in the friction coefficient with the increase of CuO. However, the wear rates decreased with the increase of CuO. The critical threshold at which there was a transition of friction coefficients and wear rates from room temperature (RT) to 800 °C was 10 wt.% CuO. The Fe(Cr)-14% Mo-10.5% Ag-10% CuO composite showed the most reasonable high-temperature tribological behaviors. This was ascribed to the synergistic effects of silver, Mo, in situ formed solid lubricants (metal oxides and salt compounds), and the stable oxide film on the worn surfaces. At elevated temperatures, the dominant wear mechanism was oxidation wear.
Leaching Kinetics of Arsenic Sulfide-Containing Materials by Copper Sulfate Solution
Authors: Karimov Kirill A. , Rogozhnikov Denis A. , Kuzas Evgeniy A. , Shoppert Andrei A.
Published: December 2019

The overall decrease in the quality of mineral raw materials, combined with the use of arsenic-containing ores, results in large amounts of various intermediate products containing this highly toxic element. The use of hydrometallurgical technologies for these materials is complicated by the formation of multicomponent solutions and the difficulty of separating copper from arsenic. Previously, for the selective separation of As from copper–arsenic intermediates a leaching method in the presence of Cu(II) ions was proposed. This paper describes the investigation of the kinetics of arsenic sulfide-containing materials leaching by copper sulfate solution. The cakes after leaching of arsenic trisulfide with a solution of copper sulfate were described using methods such as X-ray diffraction spectrometry (XRD), X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis (EDS). The effect of temperature (70–90 °C), the initial concentration of CuSO4 (0.23–0.28 M) and the time on the As recovery into the solution was studied. The process temperature has the greatest effect on the kinetics, while an increase in copper concentration from 0.23 to 0.28 M effects an increase in As transfer into solution from 93.2% to 97.8% for 120 min of leaching. However, the shrinking core model that best fits the kinetic data suggests that the process occurs by the intra-diffusion mode with the average activation energy of 44.9 kJ/mol. Using the time-to-a-given-fraction kinetics analysis, it was determined that the leaching mechanism does not change during the reaction. The semi-empirical expression describing the reaction rate under the studied conditions can be written as follows: 1/3ln(1 − X) + [(1 − X) − 1/3 − 1] = 4560000Cu3.61e−44900/RT t.
Atypical, Yet Not Infrequent, Infections with Neisseria Species
Authors: Humbert Maria Victoria , Christodoulides Myron
Published: December 2019

Neisseria species are extremely well-adapted to their mammalian hosts and they display unique phenotypes that account for their ability to thrive within niche-specific conditions. The closely related species N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis are the only two species of the genus recognized as strict human pathogens, causing the sexually transmitted disease gonorrhea and meningitis and sepsis, respectively. Gonococci colonize the mucosal epithelium of the male urethra and female endo/ectocervix, whereas meningococci colonize the mucosal epithelium of the human nasopharynx. The pathophysiological host responses to gonococcal and meningococcal infection are distinct. However, medical evidence dating back to the early 1900s demonstrates that these two species can cross-colonize anatomical niches, with patients often presenting with clinically-indistinguishable infections. The remaining Neisseria species are not commonly associated with disease and are considered as commensals within the normal microbiota of the human and animal nasopharynx. Nonetheless, clinical case reports suggest that they can behave as opportunistic pathogens. In this review, we describe the diversity of the genus Neisseria in the clinical context and raise the attention of microbiologists and clinicians for more cautious approaches in the diagnosis and treatment of the many pathologies these species may cause.
Plant Sulfate Transporters in the Low Phytic Acid Network: Some Educated Guesses
Authors: Sacchi Gian Attilio , Nocito Fabio Francesco
Published: December 2019

A few new papers report that mutations in some genes belonging to the group 3 of plant sulfate transporter family result in low phytic acid phenotypes, drawing novel strategies and approaches for engineering the low-phytate trait in cereal grains. Here, we shortly review the current knowledge on phosphorus/sulfur interplay and sulfate transport regulation in plants, to critically discuss some hypotheses that could help in unveiling the physiological links between sulfate transport and phosphorus accumulation in seeds.
Immune Control and Vaccination against the Epstein–Barr Virus in Humanized Mice
Authors: Münz Christian
Published: December 2019

Mice with reconstituted human immune system components (humanized mice) offer the unique opportunity to test vaccines preclinically in the context of vaccine adjuvant sensing by human antigen presenting cells and priming of human cytotoxic lymphocyte populations. These features are particularly attractive for immune control of the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), which represents the most potent growth-transforming pathogen in man and exclusively relies on cytotoxic lymphocytes for its asymptomatic persistence in the vast majority of healthy virus carriers. This immune control is particularly impressive because EBV infects more than 95% of the human adult population and persists without pathology for more than 50 years in most of them. This review will discuss the pathologies that EBV elicits in humanized mice, which immune responses control it in this model, as well as which passive and active vaccination schemes with adoptive T cell transfer and with virus-like particles or individual antigens, respectively, have been explored in this model so far. EBV-specific CD8+ T cell priming in humanized mice could provide crucial insights into how cytotoxic lymphocytes against other viruses and tumors might be elicited by vaccination in humans.
Immunization against Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) in a Cohort of Nursing Students Two Decades after Vaccination: Surprising Feedback
Authors: Verso Maria Gabriella , Costantino Claudio , Vitale Francesco , Amodio Emanuele
Published: December 2019

Health-care students can be exposed to biological risks during university training. The persistence of long-term immunogenicity against hepatitis B virus (HBV) was analyzed in a cohort of nursing students two decades after primary vaccination. A total of 520 students were enrolled at the University of Palermo and were evaluated for levels of anti-HBsAg antibodies. The students were examined during the first year of their Degree Course and were checked two years later. All students with anti-HBsAg <10 mIU/mL during their first or third year were boosted within one month. The proportion of students that were vaccinated during adolescence showing anti-HBsAg ≥10 mIU/mL was higher than that observed in students who were vaccinated during infancy (69% versus 31.7%; p-value < 0.001). Receiving HBV vaccination at adolescence was significantly associated with a fourfold increased possibility of having anti-HBsAg titers ≥10 mIU/mL (adj-OR = 4.21, 95% CI: 2.43–7.30). Among the students who were checked at the third year and boosted after the first year (n = 279), those who were vaccinated during infancy showed a higher percentage of antibody titers <10 mIU/mL (20.3% versus 8.7% among vaccinated during adolescence; p < 0.01). This study confirms that HBV vaccination at adolescence might determine a higher long-term persistence of anti-HBsAg titers ≥10 mIU/mL and that anti-HBV booster could increase levels of anti-HBsAg over a relatively short period, especially in subjects who were vaccinated during infancy.
Prevalence and phylogenetic analysis of gastrointestinal helminths (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae) in ruminant livestock of northwest Iran
Authors: BARGHANDAN Tahereh , HAJİALİLO Elham , SHARİFDİNİ Meysam , JAVADİ Amir
Published: December 2019

Trichostrongylidae family is considered as a
group of gastrointestinal nematodes of ruminants with widespread distribution
in the world. The parasites are the major causes of productivity loss in many
countries including Iran. This study was carried out to determine the
distribution of abomasal Trichostrongylidae among livestock of Qazvin, Iran.
Totally, 160 abomasum samples including 83 from sheep, 72 from cattle and 5
from goats were collected from slaughterhouses throughout the Qazvin Province.
The ribosomal DNA internal
transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region was amplified using PCR
followed by sequencing 13 different isolates. Phylogenetic analysis of the
identified sequences was performed using MEGA 7 software. The prevalence rate
of the nematodes was 19.4% among the specimens. Also, two spices including Marshallagia
marshalli and Teladorsagia circumcincta were identified among the
isolates with M. marshalli at higher frequency. No Trichostrongylus
spp. was detected in the region. Since livestock plays a major role in
ecosystem balance and as some species of nematodes have a zoonotic nature, it
is necessary to proceed with more comprehensive epidemiologic studies to
clarify the infection rate among the human population living in the region.
Pharmacotherapy of canine atopic dermatitis - current state and new trends
Authors: BÄUMER Wolfgang
Published: December 2019

This review offers a concise overview of current treatment options for
canine atopic dermatitis and provide an outline of two promising new treatment
options (phosphodiesterase 4 and histamine H4 receptor inhibitors).
Glucocorticoids have been one of the first successful treatment options and are
still part of the treatment regime. Ciclosporin was introduced more than 15
years ago and is also a main pharmacological treatment option. In 2013, the
Janus kinase inhibitor oclacitinib was introduced as a first in class, which is
then followed by the anti-canine IL-31 antibody lokivetmab in 2016. Thus,
exciting new treatment options have found their way into clinical practice.
Apart from these substance classes, antihistamines, essential fatty acids and
lipid substitution will be discussed as add-on treatments.
Konsep Pelayan Tuhan Perjanjian Baru dan Penerapannya pada Masa Kini
Authors: Sumiwi Asih Rachmani Endang
Published: December 2019

Istilah “pelayan Tuhan” memiliki makna yang berkembang,dan pada saat ini frasa tersebut memiliki beberapa makna.Dalam perkembangannya ada juga makna “pelayan Tuhan” yang bergeser dari pengertian semula. Hal ini bisa menimbulkan inkonsistensi fungsi pelayan Tuhan dalam jemaat. Dengan studi kata, penelitian ini mencoba merumuskan kembali konsep pelayan Tuhan berdasarkan penggunaan beberapa kata tentang pelayan di dalam kitab-kitab Perjanjian Baru. Penggunaan kata-kata tersebut dalam konteks budaya pada waktu itu menunjukkan karakteristik “pelayan”, dan dari karakterisik itu dapat dirumuskan konsep pelayan Tuhan Perjanjian Baru. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan beberapa kriteria yang perlu dimiliki seorang warga jemaat agar ia layak ditetapkan sebagai pelayan Tuhan.Kata kunci: pelayan, pelayan Tuhan, hamba Tuhan
Alkitab dalam Formasi Rohani pada Era Reformasi Gereja dan Implikasi bagi Gereja Pada Masa Kini
Authors: Katarina K , Darmawan I Putu Ayub
Published: December 2019

This article discusses spiritual formation and God's Word in reformation. The formulation of the problem is the relationship between spiritual formation and God's Word in reformation. The author uses literature studies to collect information about spiritual formation and God's Word in reformation. Spirit for sola scriptura has produced a change in the life of the church at that moment. All teachings, church traditions, and practical actions which is conducted by church member must be tested under the Word of God. In the present context, church who facing various challenges related to moral life, teaching, and practical actions must return to the principles of word of God. To build a spiritual life, we must start from the Bible that is interpreted correctly, which then becomes a theological development, which then influences the concept of believer's thinking and practical actions. Artikel ini membahas tentang formasi rohani dan Firman Tuhan dalam reformasi. Rumusan masalah penelitian ini adalah bagaimana kaitan antara formasi rohani dan firman Tuhan dalam reformasi? Penulis menggunakan studi pustaka untuk menggali informasi tentang formasi rohani dan Firman Tuhan dalam reformasi. Semangat untuk sola scriptura menghasilkan perubahan dalam kehidupan gereja pada masa itu. Segala pengajaran, tradisi gereja, dan tindakan praktis yang dilakukan oleh setiap anggota gereja harus diuji di bawah Firman Tuhan. Dalam konteks masa kini, menghadapi berbagai tantangan gereja baik yang terkait dengan kehidupan moral maupun pengajaran dan tindakan praktis, gereja harus kembali pada prinsip Firman Tuhan. Untuk membangun kehidupan rohani maka harus dimulai dari Alkitab yang ditafsirkan secara benar yang kemudian menjadi sebuah bangunan teologi yang kemudian mempengaruhi konsep berpikir orang percaya dan tindakan praktis.
EFECTOS DE LA APLICACIÓN DE LA LEY ORGÁNICA DEL TRABAJO, LOS TRABAJADORES Y LAS TRABAJADORAS SOBRE EL CÁLCULO DE LA GARANTÍA DE PRESTACIONES SOCIALES
Authors: Arciniegas Jesús , Montaner Leunam , Palencia Carlos
Published: December 2019

La investigación que se resume en este artículo tuvo como objetivo evaluar los efectos que ocasiona la aplicación de la Ley Orgánica del Trabajo, en cuanto a los distintos aspectos que componen el cálculo de las prestaciones sociales en el personal docente del departamento de Contabilidad de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales de la Universidad de Carabobo. La metodología implementada en esta investigación fue de naturaleza descriptiva y cuantitativa, apoyado en un trabajo de campo, con el uso de la entrevista como instrumento de recolección de información. El estudio concluyó que los beneficios que la nueva legislación laboral venezolana aporta a los trabajadores son más que todo individuales. Esta ley beneficia a la población que actualmente trabaja en el sector formal, público o privado respectivamente. En definitiva, el Estado debe tener una visión holística de la sociedad y en función de esta amplia visión tomar las decisiones apropiadas que beneficien a la mayor cantidad de sectores posibles que integran al país.
Marixo: desenvolvimento de uma coleção didática e científica referente a lixo marinho e análise de sua eficiência como ferramenta de Educação Ambiental
Authors: Ribeiro da Silva Heloisa , Krelling Allan Paul
Published: December 2019

Observa-se uma crescente preocupação com o lixo marinho. Entretanto, a distância entre a literatura acadêmica e um público mais ampliado, como estudantes do ensino médio, destaca a necessidade de se propor outras abordagens sobre o tema. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho apresenta (i) a elaboração de uma coleção didática e científica sobre lixo marinho, intitulada “Marixo” e (ii) a avaliação sobre o seu potencial de sensibilização e promoção da Educação Ambiental. De acordo com os resultados, 100% das pessoas consideraram que a coleção pode contribuir com uma maior sensibilização da sociedade, recomendando-se que um maior número de indivíduos seja envolvido nessas ações de promoção da ciência.
The Athos Bulgarian history writing of the 18th century between the Middle Ages and Early Modern Period
Authors: Polyvyannyy Dmitriy
Published: December 2019

The article is dedicated to three Bulgarian historical works created at Athos in the second half of the 18th c. – "Slavo-Bulgarian History" by Saint Paisius of Hilendar, anonymous "Zograf History" and "Brief History of the Bulgarian Slav People" by monk-priest Spyridon of Gabrovo. By the author’s opinion, these works, on the one hand, were born in the atmosphere of rivalry between the monasteries of Athos and their Greek, Bulgarian and Serbian clergy, and on the other, were actualised by the strengthening contacts of Hilandar and Zograf with Bulgarian lands. If the first affected the contents of the mentioned works, the second lead to sufficient enlargement of their audience, which, in its turn, became a precondition of the growing interest to the national history among the Bulgarian population of Rumelia in the first half of the 19th c.
Regulatory density: concept and rating scale
Authors: Sehin Ivan V.
Published: December 2019

The article deals with the topic of assessing the quantitative increase in the array of legal norms. Topicality of the research topic is due to the negative consequences of legislative inflation, expressed in the creation of new legal norms and the novelisation of the current legislation. The author focuses on the ratio of the number of legal norms and the volume of social relations. The article defines concept of the regulatory density. The author pays particular attention to the scale of legal regulation density. The author identifies three degrees of legal regulation density: low, medium, and high density of legal regulation. As a basis for the differentiation of the density of legal regulation, the author highlights the gaps in the legislation. The goal of a legal density scale is to manage regulatory risks associated with the high costs of legality and administrative barriers to doing business.
"The Lords" of the Golden Ring of Russia. Soviet regional elites and Moscow at the turning point of events (the 1960s to 1980s). The 2nd round table of Yaroslavl’s young historians
Authors: Vorontsov Mikhail S. , Kishchenkov Mikhail S. , Nikiforov Yuriy S. , Tumakov Denis V. , Sirotkin Yaroslav N.
Published: December 2019

A review of the reports and discussions of the second round table of Yaroslavl's young historians, "The" Lords "of the Golden Ring of Russia," is presented in the article. Soviet regional elites and Moscow at the turning point of events (the 1960s to 1980s) were considered on August 28, 2019 in Ushinsky Yaroslavl State Pedagogic University. The scientific event was devoted to discursive discussions of issues of regional history (the 1960s to 1980s), to identification of problematic places of the scientific project "Soviet regional elites and their interaction with Moscow in the 1960s to 1980s: in archival documents and in historical memory." The purpose of the round table was related to the need to update the regional aspect of Russia 's recent history after 1945. The main attention of the participants of the round table was focused on the issues of relations between regional and central power in the late USSR, on the problem of regional lobbying, on crime in the Soviet province, on communicative practices of local power and Soviet citizens, on the role of oral history in the study of modern history. More than 20 people, including History teachers of schools in the city of Yaroslavl and undergraduates of history faculty of Ushinsky Yaroslavl State Pedagogic University made presentations and participated in discussions.
The role of the proletariat as a class in 1917 and at first after the October Revolution
Authors: Abekhtikov Yevgeniy Ye.
Published: December 2019

The article examines the role of the proletariat in the preparation and implementation of the October Revolution of 1917. The author shows that after the revolution, the Bolsheviks had every reason to be disappointed in the proletariat as a class as they started decreasing in number rapidly due to the return of peasants to villages and difficulties in working in enterprises in cities. Much attention is paid in the article to the concept of "dictatorship of the proletariat", which has become the centre of the Bolshevik ideological programme. Due to the fact that the Marxist class analysis turned out to be inappropriate for Russian social reality, the Bolsheviks had to transform their initial ideas, develop a system of measures to educate the people and influence them. To maintain power after its seize, the Bolsheviks created the myth of an enemy class threatening the proletariat and of building a bright future.
Preparations for 1917–18 Local Council of the Russian Orthodox Church in Kostroma eparchy
Authors: Kashin (Therapont) Dmitriy V.
Published: December 2019

The article deals with the events of the summer of 1917 related to the elections of members of the Local Council of the Russian Orthodox Church from Kostroma eparchy. Information is given about the election procedures stipulated by "Regulations on Convening the Local Council of All Russia Orthodox Church" on three levels – parish, deanery and diocesan. Basing on publications of the church press, the course of the diocesan electoral meeting in August 1917 is reconstructed: the preliminary meeting of the participants and making the list of candidates (August 8), elections of members of the Local Council and their deputies (August 9). We inform about the number of votes cast for certain candidates and the constructive and democratic nature of the electoral process. The author emphasises that negative reviews do not reflect the actual circumstances and can be explained by subjective factors. A list of members of the Local Council of the Russian Orthodox Church (1917-1918) from Kostroma eparchy is given.
Development of Vietnamese Vocational Education Teachers to adapt the Industrial Revolution 4.0
Authors: Van Hong Bui , Do Van Dung
Published: December 2019

Teacher is always a key factor which determines training quality in general and vocational training quality of the Vocational Education System (VES) in particular. In face of strong influences from the fourth industrial revolution (IR 4.0), teacher is getting more important in training of human resources, especially qualification level and capacity to apply technology and innovate teaching methods. Based on the analysis for impacts of the IR 4.0 on VES, requirements for capacity of teachers and the reality on vocational education teachers (VETs) today, this article suggests some solutions to develop VETs to adapt to the IR 4.0 as a basis for development of teachers at vocational education institutions in Vietnam.
Effect of thermosonication on some bioactive, sensory analysis and microbiological properties of yellow watermelon juice using response surface methodology
Authors: YIKMIŞ Seydi
Published: December 2019

In this
study, the application of thermosonication, which is a moderate ultrasound
process, on yellow watermelon juice and targeted optimization of the process
conditions was completed using the surface response method. For this purpose,
yellow watermelon juice was produced and thermosonication at different temperatures
(30, 35, 40, 45 and 50 °C), different times (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 min) and
different amplitudes (40%, 45%, 50%, 55% and 60%) at 26 kHz frequency was
applied to the samples. Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content
(TFC), total antioxidant capacity (1,1-diphenyl- 2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), cupric
reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC)), and color values (L*, a* and b*) were evaluated for optimization of
process conditions. At the same time, the differences between pasteurized
yellow watermelon juice (PW) and a control (C) of untreated yellow watermelon
juice were investigated. At the end of the optimization, microbial safety and
sensory properties of the yellow watermelon juice samples were evaluated. As a
result of the study, the maximum optimization values for the yellow watermelon
juice, with thermosonication applied, were 38.3 °C, 5.6 minutes and 50.5
amplitude. At the end of optimization, CUPRAC (0.214 mg TEAC/mL), DPPH (0.123
mg TEAC/mL), total flavonoid content (41.28 mg CE/L), and total phenolic
content (104.30 mg GAE/L) were determined. Thermosonication-treated yellow
watermelon juice was found to be safe in terms of microbial values and was most
preferred by panelists. As a result, thermosonication technology was
successfully used for yellow watermelon juice production.
Nanoparçacık Eklenmesi ile Metakrilat Esaslı Kontak Lenslerin Mikromekanik ve Optik Özelliklerinin Geliştirilmesi
Authors: ŞENER Mine , ÇAĞLAYAN Mustafa Oğuzhan
Published: December 2019

Atomik kuvvet mikroskobisi (AFM) ve kuvvet spektroskopisi (FS) malzemenin mekanik özelliklerinin nanoölçekte belirlenmesini sağlayan bir yöntemdir. Bu çalışmada, birinci nesil kontak lens malzemesi olan metakrilat (MA) temelli kopolimerler kullanılarak üretilen lenslerin mekanik ve optik özelliklerinin geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Farklı içeriklerde ve farklı çapraz bağlanma oranlarında üretilen kontak lenslere in situ polimerizasyon süreci ile nanoparçacık ilave edilmiş ve mekanik testleri AFM kullanılarak gerçekleştirilerek elastik davranışları incelenmiştir. Nanoparçacık ilavesi ile değişen optik özellikler ise elipsometre kullanılarak karakterize edilmiştir. Düşük miktarlarda (kütlece %2’den az) nanoparçacık ilavesi ile elastik deformasyon özelliklerinde 2 kat kadar artış ve özellikle UV bölgede ışık soğurum oranında artış elde edilmiştir. MA neslinden olan (1. Nesil) lenslerin, üretim yönteminde büyük değişiklikler yapılmaksızın daha yüksek dayanım ve olumlu optik özellikler içerecek şekilde üretilmesinin mümkün olduğu kanıtlanmıştır.
In Vitro Assessment of Anti-Proliferative Activities of Ellagic Acid on Human Lung Cancer
Authors: ÇÖMLEKÇİ Emre , VEJSELOVA SEZER Canan , İZGÖRDÜ Hüseyin , KUTLU Mehtap
Published: December 2019

Lung cancer is a cancer type with a
high mortality rates in the world. Polyphenols found naturally in plants are
known for their antioxidant properties. Polyphenols are studied due to their
biological activity and nutritional antioxidant potential. Ellagic acid is a
natural compound contained in many plants like strawberry, cranberry, walnut,
pomegranate and raspberry. Ellagic acid is known for its antioxidant properties
and protects the body from harmful free radicals. In this study, due to its
potential to suppress cell growth in many cancer cells, ellagic acid, was used
to stimulate cell death in lung cancer cells, A549. Cytotoxic effects of
ellagic acid on A549 cells were determined by MTT
(3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) technique.
Moreover, ultrastructural and morphological changes were evaluated with TEM and
confocal microscopy techniques. Cytotoxicity test results showed that the
percentages of viability decreased by an increase in the applied dose and
morphological and ultrastructural analyzes showed that the cytotoxicity of this
agent caused changes as chromatin condensation, membrane blebbing, loss of
cristae that are considered as clear apoptosis signes. Based on our results
ellagic acid may be recommended for further research on different types of
cancer in order to find an alternative agent for cancer treatment.
Effect of photooxidative stress and mannitol on synthesis of OmpC-OmpF proteins of Escherichia coli in lake water
Authors: DARCAN Cihan , AKTOP Öznur
Published: December 2019

This study investigated the effects of photooxidative
stress and mannitol on the synthesis of OmpC-OmpF porins of Escherichia coli in lake water. The
synthesis of OmpF decreased independently of photooxidative stress, whereas the
synthesis of OmpC decreased as a consequence of photooxidative stress in lake
water. Thus, OmpC synthesis in E. coli was
directly affected by photooxidative stress. Mutations in the envZ and pta genes had no effect on the control of OmpC and OmpF synthesis
in E. coli under photooxidative
stress in lake water. Mannitol is an antioxidant substance that provides
protection from photooxidative stress. In this study, was found that ompC expression has a regulation
mechanism during photooxidative stress. Mannitol was also found to have a
relationship with EnvZ in the control of porin synthesis.