bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical characteristics, treatment, and survival outcome in pediatric patients with atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors: a retrospective study by the Japan Children’s Cancer Group
Authors: Yamasaki Kai , Kiyotani Chikako , Terashima Keita , Watanabe Yuko , Kanamori Masayuki , Koga Yuhki , Hata Nobuhiro , Iwasaki Fuminori , Goto Hiroaki , Koh Katsuyoshi , Kurihara Jun , Tokunaga Shinya , Arakawa Yoshiki , Hasegawa Daiichiro , Kosaka Yoshiyuki , Hara Junichi
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVE

The prognosis of atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (ATRTs) has improved in recent years with the use of multimodal therapy, mainly in cases not involving metastatic disease. The authors wanted to obtain historical control data and evaluate the suitable treatments in Japanese children with ATRTs that were proven negative for INI-1 immunostaining.

METHODS

The authors retrospectively collected clinical information on 38 pediatric patients with ATRTs treated from 2005 to 2016 and analyzed the data for this series.

RESULTS

The median age of the patient population was 1.3 years, and the male/female ratio was approximately 2:1. Twenty-three patients (60.5%) had metastases. The effects of treatment on prognosis were analyzed for 34 patients after exclusion of 4 patients who could not receive curative treatment. At a median follow-up of 40.9 months, the mean (± SD) progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 66.6% ± 8.3% and 45.9% ± 8.7% at 2 years and 44.2% ± 9.9% and 34.2% ± 8.9% at 5 years, respectively. The metastasis stage at diagnosis (M0–1 vs M2–4) (HR 2.68, 95% CI 1.08–6.65; p = 0.0338) and gross tumor resection (yes vs no) (HR 3.49, 95% CI 1.01–12.1; p = 0.0481) were prognostic factors for PFS but not for OS. Postoperative chemotherapy was performed in all 34 cases. High-dose chemotherapy was performed in 19 (55.8%) of 34 patients and showed a positive impact on OS (HR 0.31, 95% CI 0.11–0.86; p = 0.0254); the most commonly used regimen was a double-conditioning regimen of thiotepa plus melphalan. Local radiotherapy had a positive impact on both PFS and OS; however, craniospinal irradiation (CSI) performed in 12 patients as the primary therapy was associated with a poor outcome. Disseminated recurrence within 12 months from diagnosis was the most common pattern of treatment failure regardless of CSI.

CONCLUSIONS

There has been an improvement in outcomes for pediatric ATRT patients since the introduction of multimodal therapy in Japan, mainly in patients without metastases. Even if selection bias is taken into consideration, CSI did not contribute to an improved prognosis. Novel treatment approaches are required for pediatric ATRT patients with metastases.
Zwischen Spielbereitschaft und theatralischem Simulieren – Perspektiven zum Fairplay im Fußball
Authors: Wirtz Nicolas
Published: February 2020

Theatralisches Simulieren ist im Fußball ein Mittel, um spielbeeinflussende Entscheidungen zu provozieren. Doch wie sieht ein Verhalten im Sinne des Fairplays eigentlich konkret aus, wenn die Grenze zwischen fair und unfair durch das Simulieren verschoben werden kann? Laut Regelwerk werden gegen das Simulieren Sanktionen verhängt. Allerdings ist die Umsetzung schwierig, da die Gefühlsäußerungen der Spielenden – ob simuliert oder nicht – unter Umständen gerechtfertigt sind. In diesem Artikel werden interaktionstheoretische und moralphilosophische Perspektiven zu theatralischem Simulieren im Fußball dargestellt. Außerdem wird die bestehende Datenlage analysiert und es werden Lösungsansätze diskutiert. Hierbei wird die moralische Bedeutung der Spielbereitschaft herausgearbeitet, die bei der Forderung des Fairplays eine Rolle spielt.
Alles nur „Massenspaß“? – Zur wissenskonstellativen Erweiterung des wissenssoziologischen Eventbegriffes am Beispiel der Bordeauxer Fanmeile zur Fußballeuropameisterschaft 2016
Authors: Wetzels Michael
Published: February 2020

Der Artikel fokussiert die Erweiterung des wissenssoziologischen Eventbegriffes durch diskursive und strukturelle Wissenskonstellationen, welche die situative (Nicht-)Präsenz des Publikums auf der Fanmeile Bordeaux zur Europameisterschaft 2016 empirisch erklärbar machen können. Der Datenkorpus setzt sich unter dem method(olog)ischen Zugang der fokussierten Ethnographie und der Diskursethnographie aus Dokumenten, Bildern und ethnographischen Berichten zusammen, welche hauptsächlich in der ethnographischen Kernzeit vom 11. Juni bis zum 16. Juni 2016 vor Ort generiert wurden. Ziel des Artikels ist dabei die fruchtbare Verbindung der wissenssoziologischen Eventforschung und des Konzepts der Wissenskonstellationen zu betonen.
Reconstructing Powerful Knowledge in an era of climate change
Authors: Kirby Andrew
Published: February 2020

Purpose: Identifies a hierarchy of information and argues that professional knowledge has marginalized ‘local knowledge’. 

Methodology/Approach: In a review of recent research, the paper offers examples of how ‘wicked problems’ (from obesity to climate change) impose different burdens on different communities, which foregrounds the value of residents’ experiences.

Findings: In an era of climate change, adaptive planning must incorporate ‘local knowledge’, which may return to older technologies and established practices.

Research Implication: The paper argues that ‘local knowledge’ can be ‘powerful knowledge’, as discussed within   educational research, which has important implications for school and college curricula.  

Originality/Value of paper: Amateur experts, citizen observatories and crowd sourced data can all play significant roles within communities facing new forms of risk and hazard.
The determination of concentration and components composition for mixtures of hydrocarbon media with its express control
Authors: Davydov V.V. , Myazin N.S. , Grebenikova N.M. , Dudkin V.I.
Published: February 2020

The devices for express control of the state of the environment, based on the phenomenon of nuclear magnetic resonance are described. The new method for liquid mixtures composition determination which did not join each other in a chemical reaction is proposed. Using this methodology allows also to define the relative components concentrations from which the studied mixture was formed. The results of the study of mixtures of hydrocarbon media is presented. The comparison of the calculations of composition and components concentrations for media with experiment is conducted. The Application of the proposed method allows us to determine the contribution of absorption and dispersion signals in registered NMR signal from the condensed medium which is both in a stationary and in a flowing state.
Pengaruh Teknologi Blockchain Terhadap Tingkat Keaslian Ijazah
Authors: Rahardja Untung , Harahap Eka Purnama , Christianto Dennies Dwi
Published: February 2020

Setiap orang yang telah menyelesaikan masa pendidikan formalnya tentu akan mendapatkan sebuah ijazah, ijazah tersebut sangat penting untuk melanjutkan ke jenjang pendidikan berikutnya ataupun untuk mencari pekerjaan. Namun, masih terdapat segelintir orang yang melakukan tindakan melawan hukum yaitu memalsukan sebuah ijazah untuk tujuan tertentu, sehingga akan menghasilkan pekerja yang tidak memiliki kualitas untuk menduduki suatu jabatan tertentu. Dimana ijazah memang sangat mudah dan murah untuk dipalsukan akan tetapi cukup mahal untuk dibuktikan keasliannya. Dengan menggunakan teknologi blockchain ini diharapkan dapat mengatasi permasalahan tersebut sehingga dapat mempersulit seseorang untuk melakukan pemalsuan ijazah dan dapat membantu perusahaan untuk membuktikan keaslian ijazah dari calon pegawainya hanya dalam hitungan menit dan tanpa harus mengeluarkan sejumlah biaya. Diharapkan dengan adanya teknologi blockchain ini dapat terus meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan di Indonesia.
Study of Parameters during Aluminum Cutting with Finite Element Method
Authors: Bátorfi János György , Andó Mátyás
Published: February 2020

The authors analyzed the force and stress values in the simplified cutting model and compared the results with the literature. For the study a 2D model was created in DEFORM 2D finite element software, using the temperature depended multilinear flow stress material model. The model was compiled according to the literatures. In this analysis were the effects of relief angel, tool angle, tool radius, depth of cut, and the cutting velocity examined. The values of forces, strain, temperature, stress and shear plane angle were examined at different values of geometry and machining parameters. For these examinations were used 28 parameter combinations. As a result of the study, the results for forces are similar to the results of examined literature at every parameter. The force results were checked on a simple tool geometry.
Alternativas de procesos de coagulación para el tratamiento de aguas residuales, Hospital Docente de Calderón, Ecuador
Authors: Fabara Diana , Arias Acurio Jessica Jasmín , Monge Franco Paola Alexandra , Jara Jonathan Rubio Damián , Tacán Pérez Gabriela Teresa , Tapia Lara Erick Alexander , Torres Estupiñán Christian Alexey
Published: February 2020

Dada la problemática ambiental generada por la presencia de microorganismos patógenos yturbidez del efluente en aguas residuales hospitalarias se lleva a cabo la presente investigación conla finalidad de comparar la efectividad del cloruro férrico y del sulfato ferroso, como coagulantesen el tratamiento de aguas residuales del Hospital Docente de Calderón, Ecuador, haciendo usode una variación de pH para el caso del cloruro férrico. El estudio se realizó tomando en cuentaparámetros de DQO, DBO y turbidez para determinar el grado de contaminación presente en elagua residual y agua tratada. El agua residual presenta 533,33mg/L de DQO, 235 mg/L de DBOy 35 NTU de turbidez por lo cual se seleccionó un tratamiento secundario fisicoquímico conprocesos de coagulación.Los porcentajes de reducción de DQO con FeCl3 fue de 66.24%, con FeSO4 de 49.37% yFeCl3+FeSO4 de 56.68%, mientras que la reducción total de la Turbidez con FeCl3 fue del89.28%, FeSO4 del 86.06% y FeCl3+FeSO4 del 87.64%. Obteniendo los mejores resultados conel coagulante FeCl3 que provoca una remoción del 79.37% de la DQO.Palabras clave: Coagulantes, DBO, DQO, aguas residuales hospitalarias, Turbidez.
Assessment of the Quality of Life, Health, and Social Wellness in Upper Elementary School Students: Cross-Cultural and Gender Specificity
Authors: Ružena Popović  , Evdokia Samouilidou  , Jasna Popović  , Milan Dolga
Published: February 2020

The objective of this study is a comparative analysis of the possibilities of physical education (PE) inclusion in children with health problems, and the current status in upper elementary school boys and girls. Understanding the concept of impaired health is a precondition for the realization of the training process and possible integration in the process of PE, according to the structure of health disadvantages. Method. Quality of life was assessed with the Questionnaire (Q), and analysis was done at three levels, with adequate methods of evaluation. Results. Comparative analysis, regarding the cultural and gender specificities is elaborated, based on MANOVA and DISCRA analysis, within the Introductory part, and 11 scales of the Q. Conclusion. Analysis of data points out on the significant cross-cultural differences, considering survey results, with a special overview of total samples of respondents (boys/girls) from diverse cultural, and social backgrounds.
Changes of Cortical Perfusion in the Early Phase of Subarachnoid Bleeding in a Rat Model and the Role of Intracranial Hypertension
Authors: KOLAR M. , NOHEJLOVA K. , DUSKA F. , MARES J. , PACHL J.
Published: February 2020

Brain perfusion is reduced early after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) due to intracranial hypertension and early vasospasm. The contribution of these two mechanisms is unknown. By performing a prophylactic decompressive craniectomy (DC) in a rat model of SAH we aimed to study brain perfusion after the component of intracranial hypertension has been eliminated. We used 2x2 factorial design, where rats received either decompressive craniectomy or sham operation followed by injection of 250 µl of blood or normal saline into prechiasmatic cistern. The cortical perfusion has been continually measured by laser speckle-contrast analysis for 30 min. Injection of blood caused a sudden increase of intracranial pressure (ICP) and drop of cerebral perfusion, which returned to baseline within 6 min. DC effectively prevented the rise of ICP, but brain perfusion after SAH was significantly lower and took longer to normalize compared to non-DC animals due to increased cerebral vascular resistance, which lasted throughout 30 min experimental period. Our findings suggest that intracranial hypertension plays dominant role in the very early hypoperfusion after SAH whilst the role of early vasospasm is only minor. Prophylactic DC effectively maintained cerebral perfusion pressure, but worsened cerebral perfusion by increased vascular resistance.
Prefrontal Cortex and Dorsomedial Hypothalamus Mediate Food Reward-Induced Effects via npas2 and egr1 Expression in Rat
Authors: HERICHOVÁ I. , HASÁKOVÁ K. , LUKÁČOVÁ D. , MRAVEC B. , HORVÁTHOVÁ Ľ. , KAVICKÁ D.
Published: February 2020

The effects of food reward on circadian system function were investigated in the hypothalamic nuclei, prefrontal cortex and liver. Food rewards of small hedonic and caloric value were provided for 16 days 3 h after light phase onset to male Wistar rats. The daily pattern of locomotor activity was monitored. Gene expression profiling performed in the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) and liver at the time of reward delivery indicated transcriptional factors egr1 and npas2 as possible mediators of food reward effects. Candidate genes were measured in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), DMH, arcuate nucleus (ARC), prefrontal cortex (PFC) and liver along with per2 expression. A daily pattern in glycemia and per2 expression in the SCN was emphasized by food reward. The expression of egr1 was rhythmic in the SCN, DMH, PFC and liver and food reward weakened or diminished this rhythm. The expression of npas2 was rhythmic in all tissues except for the PFC where food reward induced rhythm in npas2 expression. Food reward induced npas2 and egr1 expression in the DMH at the time of reward delivery. We suppose that the DMH and PFC participate in the adjustment of the circadian system to utilize food reward-induced input via egr1 and npas2 expression.
The Role of a Good Quality Autopsy in Pediatric Malpractice Claim: A Case Report of an Unexpected Death in an Undiagnosed Thymoma
Authors: Di Nunno Nunzio , Patanè Federico Giuseppe , Amico Francesco , Asmundo Alessio , Pomara Cristoforo
Published: February 2020

Thymomas are extremely rare in the first 20 years of life, with different clinical presentations: from asymptomatic mediastinal masses to compressive and paraneoplastic syndromes. In pediatric population, the respiratory disorders have a higher incidence. The overall thymoma mortality rate is described as 40% and metastasized tumors are more aggressive. This case report describes a compressive syndrome caused by a thymoma in which symptoms were exacerbated by a concurrent pulmonary infection, thus leading an affected infant to sudden death despite medical treatment. In this case, patient's death occurred just before the differential diagnostic process got completed. Malpractice claim was based on the missing diagnosis as well as the suspect of inadequate provided care. Consequently, autopsy played a crucial post-mortem role to find out the cause of death, and to exclude any professional liability. Despite modern diagnostic techniques, autopsies are still the best available forensic tool. It is useful to remember that death is a fact of life, therefore not always preventable.
Approximation Algorithm for Shortest Path in Large Social Networks
Authors: Mensah Dennis Nii Ayeh , Gao Hui , Yang Liang Wei
Published: February 2020

Proposed algorithms for calculating the shortest paths such as Dijikstra and Flowd-Warshall’s algorithms are limited to small networks due to computational complexity and cost. We propose an efficient and a more accurate approximation algorithm that is applicable to large scale networks. Our algorithm iteratively constructs levels of hierarchical networks by a node condensing procedure to construct hierarchical graphs until threshold. The shortest paths between nodes in the original network are approximated by considering their corresponding shortest paths in the highest hierarchy. Experiments on real life data show that our algorithm records high efficiency and accuracy compared with other algorithms.
Isolation, Identification and Characterization of Rhizobacteria Strains for Biological Control of Bacterial Wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) of Eggplant in China
Authors: Abd Alamer Iman Sabah , Tomah Ali Athafah , Li Bin , Zhang Jing-Ze
Published: February 2020

Bacterial wilt of eggplant is the most destructive disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum throughout the world. Eleven bacterial strains with high antagonistic activity were obtained from 245 rhizobacteria. Based on analysis of morphology, 16S rRNA sequences, fatty acid profiles, gyrA and rpoB genes, they were identified as Pseudomonas putida (IMA3), Paenibacillus polymyxa (IMA5), Bacillus cereus (IMA4, IMA7 and IMA11) and the “operational group Bacillus amyloliquefaciens” (IMA1, IMA2, IMA6, IMA8, IMA9 and IMA10). The lipopeptide compounds produced by each strain also were determined. The biocontrol tests demonstrated that co-inoculation by strain IMA5 and the pathogen gave the greatest biocontrol efficiency of 87.0% and 69.2% 30 and 40 days after co-inoculation, respectively. Plant growth promotion tests revealed that IMA5 markedly promoted eggplant growth, enhancing aboveground seedling length and biomass by 60.8% and by 107.6% and underground root length and biomass by 33.0% and 69.2%, respectively. Hence, strain IMA5 could be considered for developing potential biocontrol agents and for promoting plant growth characteristics, to aid the management of the pathogen R. solanacearum in eggplants.
Detection of Anomalies in Large-Scale Cyberattacks Using Fuzzy Neural Networks
Authors: de Campos Souza Paulo Vitor , Guimarães Augusto Junio , Rezende Thiago Silva , Silva Araujo Vinicius Jonathan , Araujo Vanessa Souza
Published: February 2020

The fuzzy neural networks are hybrid structures that can act in several contexts of the pattern classification, including the detection of failures and anomalous behaviors. This paper discusses the use of an artificial intelligence model based on the association between fuzzy logic and training of artificial neural networks to recognize anomalies in transactions involved in the context of computer networks and cyberattacks. In addition to verifying the accuracy of the model, fuzzy rules were obtained through knowledge from the massive datasets to form expert systems. The acquired rules allow the creation of intelligent systems in high-level languages with a robust level of identification of anomalies in Internet transactions, and the accuracy of the results of the test confirms that the fuzzy neural networks can act in anomaly detection in high-security attacks in computer networks.
Relationship between Dietary Fiber Fermentation and Volatile Fatty Acids’ Concentration in Growing Pigs
Authors: Zhao Jinbiao , Bai Yu , Zhang Gang , Liu Ling , Lai Changhua
Published: February 2020

This study was conducted to determine whether differences in fiber fermentation in fiber-rich feed ingredients exist and to assess relationship between fiber fermentation and concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA) in pig. Castrated males (barrows) were allotted randomly to six diets formulated with different amounts of wheat bran (WB), corn bran (CB), sugar beet pulp (SBP), oat bran (OB), soybean hulls (SH) or rice bran (RB). The apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of soluble dietary fiber (SDF) for OB and SH diets was greater (P < 0.05) than for the other diets. The fermentation of total dietary fiber (TDF) and insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) in the hindgut were greater (P < 0.05) for SBP and SH diets than for WB, CB, OB and RB diets. The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) values of all fiber components in SBP, SH and OB diets were greater (P < 0.05) than for WB, CB and RB diets. The concentration of VFA in feces was positively correlated with the ATTD of IDF and cellulose, and ATTD of IDF is the best factor for predicting fecal VFA concentration. Overall, dietary fiber source affected fermentable characteristics of fiber components in the different digestive segments of pig intestine.
Inactivation of Carbonyl-Detoxifying Enzymes by H2O2 Is a Trigger to Increase Carbonyl Load for Initiating Programmed Cell Death in Plants
Authors: Biswas Md. Sanaullah , Terada Ryota , Mano Jun’ichi
Published: February 2020

H2O2-induced programmed cell death (PCD) of tobacco Bright Yellow-2 (BY-2) cells is mediated by reactive carbonyl species (RCS), degradation products of lipid peroxides, which activate caspase-3-like protease (C3LP). Here, we investigated the mechanism of RCS accumulation in the H2O2-induced PCD of BY-2 cells. The following biochemical changes were observed in 10-min response to a lethal dose (1.0 mM) of H2O2, but they did not occur in a sublethal dose (0.5 mM) of H2O2. (1) The C3LP activity was increased twofold. (2) The intracellular levels of RCS, i.e., 4-hydroxy-(E)-hexenal and 4-hydroxy-(E)-nonenal (HNE), were increased 1.2–1.5-fold. (3) The activity of a reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-dependent carbonyl reductase, scavenging HNE, and n-hexanal was decreased. Specifically, these are the earliest events leading to PCD. The proteasome inhibitor MG132 suppressed the H2O2-induced PCD, indicating that the C3LP activity of the β1 subunit of the 20S proteasome was responsible for PCD. The addition of H2O2 to cell-free protein extract inactivated the carbonyl reductase. Taken together, these results suggest a PCD-triggering mechanism in which H2O2 first inactivates a carbonyl reductase(s), allowing RCS levels to rise, and eventually leads to the activation of the C3LP activity of 20S proteasome. The carbonyl reductase thus acts as an ROS sensor for triggering PCD.
Humic Acid Reduces the Available Cadmium, Copper, Lead, and Zinc in Soil and Their Uptake by Tobacco
Authors: Rong Qun , Zhong Kai , Huang He , Li Chuanzhang , Zhang Chaolan , Nong Xinyu
Published: February 2020

Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is a crop that is able to accumulate metals. In this study, humic acid was selected as a Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn passivator, and added to calcareous field soil in amounts of 6.4, 10.3, and 14.8 kg·ha−1. Its impact on the soil fractions of the metals in the soil was extracted by the Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction method, and their accumulation of the metals in tobacco leaves was investigated. Application of 14.8 kg·ha−1 humic acid decreased the DTPA-extracted concentrations of Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu by 39%, 37%, 29%, and 18%, respectively, as compared with untreated soil. The fractions of Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn in soil were extracted by the BCR sequential extraction method, and the relationship between the difference metal fractions in the soil and the metal contents in the plant materials were analyzed. The exchangeable fractions of Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn and the reducible fractions of Pb and Cu are the main bioavailable fractions. Additionally, the reducible fractions of Cd and Zn, the oxidizable fractions of Pb, Cu, and Zn, and all residual fractions of metals were nonbioavailable fractions in the soil. The soils were treated with humic acid (HA) to shift bioavailable metals to stable phases that were less bioavailable. The available Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn were strongly retained in the soil after the application of humic acid, which decreased the uptake in tobacco in the upper, middle, and lower leaves.
Combustion and Emission Characteristics of a Biodiesel-Hydrogen Dual-Fuel Engine
Authors: Tutak Wojciech , Grab-Rogaliński Karol , Jamrozik Arkadiusz
Published: February 2020

The paper presents the results of co-combustion of biodiesel with hydrogen in a compression-ignition internal combustion engine. The tests were carried out on a stationary engine with constant settings. The paper presents the results of the assessment of the combustion process, combustion stability and exhaust emissions in a dual-fuel diesel engine fueled with biodiesel and hydrogen. It was found that it is possible to replace biodiesel with hydrogen to its energetic share of 38%. The share of hydrogen in the co-combustion process causes a change in combustion phases and reducing the duration of combustion. The increase of the engine thermal efficiency was obtained with the increase of the H2 share. A different character of heat release rate was obtained compared to a conventional engine. The reduction in the diffusion combustion phase has contributed to a significant reduction in soot emissions. The maximum 38% of hydrogen energy share acceptable by the engine, resulted in a more than 25-times reduction in soot emissions. The combustion stability assessed on the basis of the unrepeatability of the indicated mean effective pressure (COVIMEP) index and also on the basis of the indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) normal distribution was also analyzed.
The Clinical and Economic Value of Triclosan-Coated Surgical Sutures in Abdominal Surgery
Authors: Ceresoli Marco , Carissimi Francesca , Piemontese Alessandra , Paragò Vito , Galvain Thibaut , Tommaselli Giovanni , Gianotti Luca
Published: February 2020

Surgical site infection (SSI) is a frequent complication of surgical procedures. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical evidence for SSI prevention with triclosan-coated sutures (TCS) in abdominal surgery and to investigate the economic impact of TCS in this type of procedure compared with conventional absorbable sutures (CS). A literature review was carried out to identify meta-analyses that were published between 1990 and 2019 that assessed the use of TCS in abdominal surgery. A budget impact analysis was performed from an Italian hospital perspective based on the most recently published evidence to simulate the financial impact of TCS in a general surgery unit. Uncertainty was explored through scenario analysis, as well as deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. Nine meta-analyses and two additional randomized clinical trials were retrieved. All meta-analyses described a reduction (range 19%–44%) in the risk of SSI when TCS were used. The use of TCS was associated with an overall annual net saving for the general surgery unit of €14,785 and a reduction of 3.2 SSIs compared with CS. Sensitivity analyses resulted in a positive annual saving associated with TCS in 98% of scenarios. TCS are a valuable, cost-saving SSI prevention strategy. TCS additional costs would be offset by the reduction in SSIs.
Velocity Free Platoon Formation Control for Unmanned Surface Vehicles with Output Constraints and Model Uncertainties
Authors: Wang Duansong , Fu Mingyu , Ge Shuzhi Sam , Li Dongyu
Published: February 2020

This paper studies the velocity free platoon formation control for unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) with the model uncertainties and output constraints. Firstly, a reconstruction module is designed to estimate the velocity of the leader, which will be completed in finite time and will reduce the communication burden. Along with this, the model-based control combined with the symmetric barrier Lyapunov functions (BLF) method is designed to guarantee the output constraints. Then, the model uncertainties of the USV are approximated by the neural networks (NNs) and the NN BLF control is developed. To achieve the desired formation pattern, the constraints, including collision avoidance and communication distance, are under consideration. Finally, we proved that our system is semiglobally uniformly ultimately bounded (SGUUB) and verified the effectiveness of this approach by simulations.
Effect of Holes on Dynamic Crack Propagation under Impact Loading
Authors: Wang Fei , Wang Meng
Published: February 2020

In civil, geotechnical, and mining engineering, the investigation of the holes’ effect on dynamic crack propagation is essential because it can be used to predict possible fracture and protect cracked structures being further damaged. In this paper, a specimen made from polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) with a pre-crack and two holes was proposed, and the Split-Hopkinson pressure bar was employed to investigate the effect of holes on dynamic crack propagation under impact loading. Notably, the locations of the holes were well designed with different two-hole spacing (12 mm, 16 mm, and 20 mm) and crack-hole distance (15 mm, 30 mm, and 45 mm). Crack propagation gauges were applied to monitor the fracturing time and crack extending velocity. The interaction characteristic between the crack and two holes was studied numerically using the AUTODYN code. In the numerical models, the failure criteria of maximum tensile stress and softening damage were employed for brittle material. The crack path, the propagating velocity, the particle velocity vector, and the stress state between the holes were analyzed. The calculation results indicate that compressive stresses between the two holes induced by the deformation of the holes play a crucial role in confining the vertical crack propagation. Both experimental and numerical results demonstrate that the holes have a suppressing action on the moving crack; as the two-hole spacing decreases, the suppressing action intensifies.
Bending Resistance and Failure Type Evaluation of Basalt Fiber RPC Beam Affected by Notch and Interfacial Damage Using Acoustic Emission
Authors: Liu Hanbing , Lyu Xiang , Zhang Yuwei , Luo Guobao , Li Wenjun
Published: February 2020

Generally, reactive powder concrete (RPC) contains steel fibers often exposed to aggressive environments. Steel fibers in such RPCs are subjected to corrosion in-service, which can significantly change the mechanical properties of the structural components. In this paper, basalt fibers were used to replace steel fibers for preparing a new basalt fiber modified reactive powder concrete (BFRPC). The bending resistance of BFRPC beams was studied, and the crack propagation and failure type of BFRPC beam were monitored by acoustic emission (AE). During the bending test, the failure type of BFRPC was evaluated by AE. Besides, the effects of notch and interfacial damage on the bending resistance and failure type were also studied. During the test, ordinary Reactive Powder Concrete (RPC) without basalt fibers was used as a reference. Results revealed that failure type of the RPC beam and BFRPC beam was mainly caused by shear failure. The notch increased the number of tensile cracks in the beam failure crack, resulting in a decrease in the bending resistance of RPC beam and BFRPC beam. Besides, basalt fiber could improve the toughness and bending resistance of BFRPC beam and increase resistance of the BFRPC beam to notch and interface damage.
Mathematical Analysis and Applications II
Authors: Srivastava Hari M.
Published: February 2020

Web Site: http://www [...]
Determining Ancestry between Rodent- and Human-Derived Virus Sequences in Endemic Foci: Towards a More Integral Molecular Epidemiology of Lassa Fever within West Africa
Authors: Olayemi Ayodeji , Adesina Adetunji Samuel , Strecker Thomas , Magassouba N’Faly , Fichet-Calvet Elisabeth
Published: February 2020

Lassa fever is a viral hemorrhagic illness responsible for thousands of human deaths in West Africa yearly. Rodents are known as natural reservoirs of the causative Lassa mammarenavirus (LASV) while humans are regarded as incidental, spill-over hosts. Analysis of genetic sequences continues to add to our understanding of the evolutionary history, emergence patterns, and the epidemiology of LASV. Hitherto, the source of data in such investigations has mainly comprised human clinical samples. Presently, a rise in the quantity of virus strains accessed through ecological studies over the last 15 years now allows us to explore how LASV sequences obtained from rodents might affect phylogenetic patterns. In this study, we phylogenetically compared LASV sequences obtained from both rodents and humans across West Africa, including those from two localities highly endemic for the disease: Ekpoma in Nigeria and Kenema in Sierra Leone. We performed a time-calibrated phylogeny, using a Bayesian analysis on 198 taxa, including 102 sequences from rodents and 96 from humans. Contrary to expectation, our results show that LASV strains detected in humans within these localities, even those sampled recently, are consistently ancient to those circulating in rodents in the same area. We discuss the possibilities connected to this preliminary outcome. We also propose modalities to guide more comprehensive comparisons of human and rodent data in LASV molecular epidemiological studies.
The Potential of Telomeric G-Quadruplexes Containing Modified Oligoguanosine Overhangs in Activation of Bacterial Phagocytosis and Leukotriene Synthesis in Human Neutrophils
Authors: Golenkina Ekaterina A. , Viryasova Galina M. , Dolinnaya Nina G. , Bannikova Valeria A. , Gaponova Tatjana V. , Romanova Yulia M. , Sud’ina Galina F.
Published: February 2020

Human neutrophils are the first line of defense against bacterial and viral infections. They eliminate pathogens through phagocytosis, which activate the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) pathway resulting in synthesis of leukotrienes. Using HPLC analysis, flow cytometry, and other biochemical methods, we studied the effect of synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotides (ODNs) able to fold into G-quadruplex structures on the main functions of neutrophils. Designed ODNs contained four human telomere TTAGGG repeats (G4) including those with phosphorothioate oligoguanosines attached to the end(s) of G-quadruplex core. Just modified analogues of G4 was shown to more actively than parent ODN penetrate into cells, improve phagocytosis of Salmonella typhimurium bacteria, affect 5-LOX activation, the cytosol calcium ion level, and the oxidative status of neutrophils. As evident from CD and UV spectroscopy data, the presence of oligoguanosines flanking G4 sequence leads to dramatic changes in G-quadruplex topology. While G4 folds into a single antiparallel structure, two main folded forms have been identified in solutions of modified ODNs: antiparallel and dominant, more stable parallel. Thus, both the secondary structure of ODNs and their ability to penetrate into the cytoplasm of cells are important for the activation of neutrophil cellular effects. Our results offer new clues for understanding the role of G-quadruplex ligands in regulation of integral cellular processes and for creating the antimicrobial agents of a new generation.
Proteomic Analysis of Human Serum from Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Romanova Yulia , Laikov Alexander , Markelova Maria , Khadiullina Rania , Makseev Alfiz , Hasanova Milausha , Rizvanov Albert , Khaiboullina Svetlana , Salafutdinov Ilnur
Published: February 2020

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important public health problem in the world. The aim of our research was to identify novel potential serum biomarkers of renal injury. ELISA assay showed that cytokines and chemokines IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12 (p70), IL-13, IL-15, IL-17, Eotaxin, FGFb, G-CSF, GM-CSF, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, PDGF-1bb, RANTES, TNF-α and VEGF were significantly higher (R > 0.6, p value < 0.05) in the serum of patients with CKD compared to healthy subjects, and they were positively correlated with well-established markers (urea and creatinine). The multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) quantification method revealed that levels of HSP90B2, AAT, IGSF22, CUL5, PKCE, APOA4, APOE, APOA1, CCDC171, CCDC43, VIL1, Antigen KI-67, NKRF, APPBP2, CAPRI and most complement system proteins were increased in serum of CKD patients compared to the healthy group. Among complement system proteins, the C8G subunit was significantly decreased three-fold in patients with CKD. However, only AAT and HSP90B2 were positively correlated with well-established markers and, therefore, could be proposed as potential biomarkers for CKD.
A Versatile Model of Microfluidic Perifusion System for the Evaluation of C-Peptide Secretion Profiles: Comparison Between Human Pancreatic Islets and HLSC-Derived Islet-Like Structures
Authors: Gomez Yonathan , Navarro-Tableros Victor , Tetta Ciro , Camussi Giovanni , Brizzi Maria Felice
Published: February 2020

A robust and easy-to-use tool for the ex vivo dynamic evaluation of pancreatic islet (PI) function is essential for further development of novel cell-based therapeutic approaches to treating diabetes. Here, we developed four different glucose perifusion protocols (GPPs) in a microfluidic perifusion system (MPS), based entirely on commercially available components. After validation, the GPPs were used to evaluate C-peptide secretion profiles of PIs derived from different donors (healthy, obese, and type 2 diabetic) and from human liver stem-cell-derived islet-like structures (HLSC-ILS). Using this device, we demonstrated that PIs derived from healthy donors displayed a physiological C-peptide secretion profile as characterized by the response to (a) different glucose concentrations, (b) consecutive pulses of high-glucose concentrations, (c) a glucose threshold ranging from 5–8 mM, and (d) a constant high-glucose perifusion in a biphasic manner. Moreover, we were able to detect a dysregulated secretion profile in PIs derived from both obese and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) donors. Finally, we also evaluated the kinetic secretion profiles of HLSC-ILS, demonstrating that, nonetheless, with a lower amplitude of secretion compared to PI derived from healthy donors, they were already glucose-responsive on day seven post-differentiation. In conclusion, we have provided evidence that our MPS is a versatile device and may represent a valuable tool to study insulin-producing cells in vitro.
Synergistic Effects of Scalp Acupuncture and Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Cerebral Infarction: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial
Authors: Kim Jae-Hong , Han Jae-Young , Song Min-Keun , Park Gwang-Cheon , Lee Jeong-Soon
Published: February 2020

This study investigated the synergistic effects of scalp acupuncture (SA) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), known to be effective for cerebral infarction. This outcome-assessor-blinded, randomized controlled clinical trial included a per-protocol analysis to compare the efficacy of SA and electromagnetic convergence stimulation (SAEM-CS) and single or no stimulation. The trial was conducted with 42 cerebral infarction patients (control group, 12; SA group, 11; rTMS group, 8; SAEM-CS group, 11). All patient groups underwent two sessions of CSRT per day. SA, rTMS, and SAEM-CS were conducted once per day, 5 days per week, for 3 weeks. The primary outcome was evaluated using the Fugl–Mayer assessment (FMA). FMA Upper Extremity, FMA total, MBI, and FIM scores significantly increased in the rTMS group compared with the control group. Additionally, FMA Upper Extremity, FMA total, MBI and FIM scores significantly increased in the rTMS group compared with the SAEM-CS group. However, there were no significant changes in the SA or SAEM-CS groups. In conclusion, low-frequency rTMS in the contralesional hemisphere may have long-term therapeutic effects on upper extremity motor function recovery and improvements in activities of daily living. SAEM-CS did not show positive synergistic effects of SA and rTMS.
Sleep in the Social World of College Students: Bridging Interpersonal Stress and Fear of Missing Out with Mental Health
Authors: Adams Sue K. , Murdock Karla K. , Daly-Cano Meada , Rose Meredith
Published: February 2020

Introduction: The college years are characterized by psychosocial and biological phenomena that may impact mental health, such as heightened sensitivity to social stressors and compromises in sleep quantity and quality. The current study uses a biopsychosocial approach to examine the associations among interpersonal stress, Fear of Missing Out (FoMO), insomnia, and mental health. Methods: Survey data were collected from 283 undergraduate students (90% female) with a mean age of 21.4 years. A path analysis was utilized to test a mediational model linking interpersonal stress and FoMO with mental health through a mediator of insomnia. We hypothesized that higher levels of interpersonal stress and FoMO would be associated with higher levels of insomnia symptoms, which would in turn be associated with poorer mental health. Results: As predicted, insomnia partially mediated significant associations of interpersonal stress and FoMO with mental health. The association of interpersonal stress with insomnia and mental health was more robust than the association of FoMO with these variables. Conclusions: The pathway from interpersonal stress and/or FoMO, through insomnia, to compromises in mental health may be modifiable through behavioral interventions focusing on coping skills, sleep hygiene, and even technology-related habit changes. Recommendations to help disrupt this pathway, particularly among college students, are discussed.
Autotaxin and Breast Cancer: Towards Overcoming Treatment Barriers and Sequelae
Authors: Benesch Matthew G. K. , Tang Xiaoyun , Brindley David N.
Published: February 2020

After a decade of intense preclinical investigations, the first in-class autotaxin inhibitor, GLPG1690, has entered Phase III clinical trials for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. In the intervening time, a deeper understanding of the role of the autotaxin–lysophosphatidate (LPA)–lipid phosphate phosphatase axis in breast cancer progression and treatment resistance has emerged. Concordantly, appreciation of the tumor microenvironment and chronic inflammation in cancer biology has matured. The role of LPA as a central mediator behind these concepts has been exemplified within the breast cancer field. In this review, we will summarize current challenges in breast cancer therapy and delineate how blocking LPA signaling could provide novel adjuvant therapeutic options for overcoming therapy resistance and adverse side effects, including radiation-induced fibrosis. The advent of autotaxin inhibitors in clinical practice could herald their applications as adjuvant therapies to improve the therapeutic indexes of existing treatments for breast and other cancers.
Intratumoral Genetic Heterogeneity in Papillary Thyroid Cancer: Occurrence and Clinical Significance
Authors: Fugazzola Laura , Muzza Marina , Pogliaghi Gabriele , Vitale Mario
Published: February 2020

Intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) refers to a subclonal genetic diversity observed within a tumor. ITH is the consequence of genetic instability and accumulation of genetic alterations, two mechanisms involved in the progression from an early tumor stage to a more aggressive cancer. While this process is widely accepted, the ITH of early stage papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is debated. By different genetic analysis, several authors reported the frequent occurrence of PTCs composed of both tumor cells with and without RET/PTC or BRAFV600E genetic alterations. While these data, and the report of discrepancies in the genetic pattern between metastases and the primary tumor, demonstrate the existence of ITH in PTC, its extension and biological significance is debated. The ITH takes on a great significance when involves oncogenes, such as RET rearrangements and BRAFV600E as it calls into question their role of driver genes. ITH is also predicted to play a major clinical role as it could have a significant impact on prognosis and on the response to targeted therapy. In this review, we analyzed several data indicating that ITH is not a marginal event, occurring in PTC at any step of development, and suggesting the existence of unknown genetic or epigenetic alterations that still need to be identified.
Role of Polymer Micelles in the Delivery of Photodynamic Therapy Agent to Liposomes and Cells
Authors: Gibot Laure , Demazeau Maxime , Pimienta Véronique , Mingotaud Anne-Françoise , Vicendo Patricia , Collin Fabrice , Martins-Froment Nathalie , Dejean Stéphane , Nottelet Benjamin , Roux Clément , Lonetti Barbara
Published: February 2020

The use of nanocarriers for hydrophobic photosensitizers, in the context of photodynamic therapy (PDT) to improve pharmacokinetics and bio-distribution, is well-established. However, the mechanisms at play in the internalization of nanocarriers are not well-elucidated, despite its importance in nanocarrier design. In this study, we focus on the mechanisms involved in copolymer poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone) PEO-PCL and poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly styrene PEO-PS micelles - membrane interactions through complementary physico-chemical studies on biomimetic membranes, and biological experiments on two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures. Förster Resonance Energy Transfer measurements on fluorescently-labelled lipid vesicles, and flow cytometry on two cancerous cell lines enabled the evaluation in the uptake of a photosensitizer, Pheophorbide a (Pheo), and copolymer chains towards model membranes, and cells, respectively. The effects of calibrated light illumination for PDT treatment on lipid vesicle membranes, i.e., leakage and formation of oxidized lipids, and cell viability, were assessed. No significant differences were observed between the ability of PEO-PCL and PEO-PS micelles in delivering Pheo to model membranes, but Pheo was found in higher concentrations in cells in the case of PEO-PCL. These higher Pheo concentrations did not correspond to better performances in PDT treatment. We demonstrated that there are subtle differences in PEO-PCL and PEO-PS micelles for the delivery of Pheo.
Modeling Spontaneous Bone Metastasis Formation of Solid Human Tumor Xenografts in Mice
Authors: Labitzky Vera , Baranowsky Anke , Maar Hanna , Hanika Sandra , Starzonek Sarah , Ahlers Ann-Kristin , Stübke Katrin , Koziolek Eva J. , Heine Markus , Schäfer Paula , Windhorst Sabine , Jücker Manfred , Riecken Kristoffer , Amling Michael , Schinke Thorsten , Schumacher Udo , Valentiner Ursula , Lange Tobias
Published: February 2020

The majority of cancer-related deaths are due to hematogenous metastases, and the bone marrow (BM) represents one of the most frequent metastatic sites. To study BM metastasis formation in vivo, the most efficient approach is based on intracardiac injection of human tumor cells into immunodeficient mice. However, such a procedure circumvents the early steps of the metastatic cascade. Here we describe the development of xenograft mouse models (balb/c rag2-/- and severe combined immunodeficient (SCID)), in which BM metastases are spontaneously derived from subcutaneous (s.c.) primary tumors (PTs). As verified by histology, the described methodology including ex vivo bioluminescence imaging (BLI) even enabled the detection of micrometastases in the BM. Furthermore, we established sublines from xenograft primary tumors (PTs) and corresponding BM (BM) metastases using LAN-1 neuroblastoma xenografts as a first example. In vitro “metastasis” assays (viability, proliferation, transmigration, invasion, colony formation) partially indicated pro-metastatic features of the LAN-1-BM compared to the LAN-1-PT subline. Unexpectedly, after s.c. re-injection into mice, LAN-1-BM xenografts developed spontaneous BM metastases less frequently than LAN-1-PT xenografts. This study provides a novel methodologic approach for modelling the spontaneous metastatic cascade of human BM metastasis formation in mice. Moreover, our data indicate that putative bone-metastatic features get rapidly lost upon routine cell culture.