bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Admission blood glucose and echocardiography to predict major adverse cardiac events in acute coronary syndrome: a review
Authors: Gurusamy Swathi , Shanmugam Lokesh , Palamalai Arunprasath
Published: April 2020

A life-threatening presentation of coronary artery disease is acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The major adverse cardiac events (MACE) after acute coronary syndrome include life threatening arrhythmias, cardiac failure, cardiogenic shock, recurrent ischemia and sudden death. Patients with severe and moderate LV dysfunction are more likely to have triple vessel disease. Regional wall motion abnormality assessed by regional wall motion index using 2D-echocardiography correlates with infarct size which in turn predicts the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in patients with acute coronary syndrome. The cause for cardiogenic shock is left ventricular pump failure due to extensive damage to the myocardium and infarct related mechanical complications. In patients admitted with acute coronary syndrome, 5% develop ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation especially after 48 hours after hospital admission. Hyperglycemia causes stronger sympathetic activation in patients with severe illness and hence increased glucose levels. Insulin resistance not only causes hyperglycemia but can also lead to reduced energy production in the heart and lower tolerance to hypoperfusion and acts as an indicator of systemic and organ specific metabolic dysregulation and also stress hyperglycemia is implicated in the activation of pathological processes that causes cellular and tissue injury like increasing free radical formation and oxidative stress, inducing prothrombotic stress and worsening endothelial function. Hence higher levels of admission time blood glucose, hypoglycaemia during hospital stay, persistent hyperglycemia are considered as poor prognostic markers in patients with acute coronary syndrome.
The improvement of elderly sleeping quality with progressive muscle relaxation therapy
Authors: Apriyeni Emira , Patricia Helena
Published: April 2020

Background: Sleep is one part of physiological needs and it is a basic need which is needed by all humans to be able to function optimally. However, the elderly will often experience sleep disorders. Sleep disorders in the elderly will affect the quality of sleep. One of nursing intervention that can improve the elderly sleeping quality is progressive muscle relaxation therapy. This study aims to determine the differences of sleep quality before and after having progressive muscle relaxation therapy toward the elderly with sleep disorders.Methods: This research was conducted at the Tresna Werdha Sabai Nan Aluih Social Home, Sicincin in 2019. The research was conducted for 2 weeks with one-week intervention. This research is a Quasy experiment using one group pre-test and post-test without control group design approach. This study used the sample of 16 respondents taken by purposive sampling. The analysis of data uses dependent T-test with a significance level of 95% (α 0.05).Results: The results of the study found that the average sleep quality of the elderly before being given the intervention was 13.63 and after the intervention it became 8.44 with p value of 0.000.Conclusions: The results showed that there were significant differences before and after the intervention. For this reason, it is recommended for the elderly with sleep disorders to be able to do progressive muscle relaxation therapy to improve sleep quality.
Demand side financing scheme for maternal and child health of Tamil Nadu: evaluation of benefit received status and awareness level among third trimester pregnant mothers, seeking care at Madurai Medical College Hospital, 2019
Authors: Swamynathan Meenachi , Sivasubramanian Priya
Published: April 2020

Background: Dr. Muthulakshmi Reddy Maternity Benefit Scheme (MRMBS) of Tamil Nadu Government is demand side financing scheme to poor pregnant mothers to compensate wage loss and for nutritional support. Scheme was revised during 2018. Primary objectives were to estimate proportion of benefit received status and median awareness level among third trimester pregnant mothers regarding MRMBS scheme. Secondary objective was to determine association between above two.Methods: We conducted cross sectional study among third trimester pregnant mothers who sought care at Madurai Medical College Hospital; adopted consecutive sampling; sample size 96. We collected data with semi structured questionnaire; calculated proportions with confidence intervals, median, interquartile range and performed bivariate analysis; observed privacy and confidentiality; obtained informed written consent from participants.Results: Enrollment percentage was 97% (91 to 99%). Proportion of mothers who received any benefit, any installment and any nutrition kit were 82% (72 to 89%), 39% (29 to 49%) and 76% (66 to 85%) respectively. Proportion who received appropriate benefit, appropriate instalment(s) and two nutrition kits were 3% (0.7 to 9%), 22% (14 to 31%) and 3% (0.7 to 9%) respectively. Regarding awareness score, lowest, highest, median and interquartile range were 5, 23, 14 and 11 to 17 respectively. Odds ratio for awareness score above median (exposure) and any benefit received status (outcome) was 4.2 (1.2to19.2).Conclusions: Enrollment was satisfactory. Overall any benefit received status had been achieved by at least one nutrition kit supply. Second instalment and kit issue needed improvement. Huge scope existed for improvement of awareness among beneficiaries.
Pattern of fast or junk food consumption among medical students of north Karnataka- a cross sectional study
Authors: Nayak Rakesh K.
Published: April 2020

Background: The culture of fast food consumption is replacing the traditional meal. It is an emerging trend among the younger generation. Their ready availability, taste, low cost, marketing strategies and peer pressure make them popular. Stress in medical students’ life and study load would be factors that negatively influence their diet.Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out among undergraduate medical students of a medical college in north Karnataka from May to October 2018. 178 students consisting of both boys and girls participated in the study and were interviewed using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. Data collected was analysed.Results: A total of 178 medical students participated in the study out of which 84 were males (48%) and 94 were females (52%). Majority of them (92%) resided in the hostel within the campus and only a few were local residents (8%). Mean age of subjects was 20±1.4 years. Taste was the main reason given by students which led to increased consumption of fast/junk food (46.7%). Chocolates were the most commonly consumed food followed by soft drinks. Majority of the students (87%) were well aware of the side effects of these fast/junk foods.Conclusions: Fast/junk foods preference and consumption are highly prevalent among medical students despite their knowledge about its health hazards.
Potential gain in life expectancy by gender after elimination of a specific cause of death in urban India
Authors: Gulati Bal Kishan , Sahu Damodar , Kumar Anil , Rao M. V. Vardhana
Published: April 2020

Background: Life expectancy is a statistical measure to depict average life span a person is expected to live at a given age under given age-specific mortality rates. Cause-elimination life table measures potential gain in life expectancy after elimination of a specific disease. The present study aims to estimate potential gain in life expectancy by gender in urban India after complete and partial elimination of ten leading causes of deaths using secondary data of medical certification of cause of death (MCCD) for the year 2015.Methods: Life table method was used for estimating potential gain after eliminating diseases to the tune of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%.Results: Maximum gain in life expectancy at birth estimated from complete elimination of diseases of the circulatory system (11.1 years in males versus 13.1 years in females); followed by certain infectious and parasitic diseases (2.2  versus 2.1 years); diseases of the respiratory system (2.2 versus 2.1); injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes (1.1 versus 0.7); neoplasms (0.9 versus 1.0); endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (0.8 versus 0.9); diseases of the digestive system (0.8 versus 0.4); diseases of the genitourinary system (0.6 versus 0.6); diseases of the nervous system (0.4 versus 0.4); and diseases of blood & blood forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism (0.2 versus 0.3 years).Conclusions: Elimination of the circulatory diseases resulted into maximum gain in life expectancy. These findings may have implications in setting up health goals, allocating resources and launching tailor-made health programmes.
Measures adopted for weight reduction among overweight and obese adults: a community based cross sectional study
Authors: A. Radhakrishnan , R. C. Karthik , Arumugam Balaji , Ezhilvanan M.
Published: April 2020

Background: Worldwide obesity prevalence has nearly doubled since 1980. Current guidelines recommend that “overweight” and “obese” individuals lose weight through engaging in lifestyle modification involving diet, exercise and other behaviour changes. It is necessary to prevent obesity so that the subsequent complications can be prevented.Methods: This community based cross sectional study was conducted in the field practice area of tertiary medical college from June 2019 to August 2019. Totally 154 participants enrolled in the study. Only those individuals who had body mass index (BMI) of more than 23 kg/m2 were included in the study.Results: Majority of the study subjects 57.1% (88) belonged to the age group of 21-40 years. We included only overweight and obese adults in the present study. In this study, 61% (94) of the study population belonged to obese- I category while 33.8% (52) belonged to obese- II and only 5.2% (3) of study population were overweight. Only 43% (66) of the study population had adopted some measures to reduce their weight. Out of these majority 69.7% (46) preferred walking while 12.1% (8) preferred jogging for reducing weight. Mean days of walking adopted was 3.7 days and mean minutes per day was 29.67 minutes.Conclusions: As seen in this study more than half of the study population had not taken any measures for weight reduction. Increased health awareness will improve their level of active participation in the weight reduction program such as diet modification and physical exercise promotes weight loss and weight maintenance.
Introduction of newer vaccines in national immunization programme in India: a challenge
Authors: Verma Ramesh , Chayal Vinod , Kalhan Meenakshi , Dhaka Rohit , Chawla Suraj , Bhalla Kapil
Published: April 2020

Immunization significantly reduces the incidence of communicable diseases in children and improves the quality of life of children. Many developing countries including India, is lagging behind in sufficient coverage of routine immunization among children. Currently, India manufactures about 43% of the global vaccines. Newer vaccine research can be promoted only when there is conducive environment, funding and subsequent chances of vaccine being introduced in the universal immunization programme (UIP).  Government of India has a National Vaccine Policy which was developed after the recommendations made by National Technical Advisory Group on Immunization.This policy addresses the issues to streamline the process on new and underutilized vaccine and also suggests to strengthen the institutional framework, processes, evidence base and framework required for decision making for strengthening of UIP in India. Government of India laid some standard guidelines and few criteria for the introduction of new vaccine in UIP. While planning to introduce a newer vaccine, cost effectiveness of the vaccination program should be kept in mind.
A clinico-radiological evaluation of functional outcome of proximal fibular osteotomy for medial compartment knee osteoarthritis: a new emerging technique
Authors: Vashisht Arun , Menwal Gaurav , Bhatnagar Rachit
Published: April 2020

Background: The medial compartmental osteoarthritis (OA) knee is initially treated conservatively followed by lateral close/open medial wedge high tibial osteotomy (HTO), or by unicompartmental or total knee replacement (UKR/TKR). Though HTO and UKR/TKR yield good results but are technically more demanding and are fraught with risk of complications, moreover replacement may not be the treatment of choice for younger patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of proximal fibular osteotomy (PFO), a minimally invasive procedure minus risks associated with HTO/TKR.

Methods: Thirty-eight patients, 15 males and 23 females with a mean age of 54.46 years (range, 35 to 80 years) underwent PFO for OA knee and were followed for a mean period of 8.63 months (range 6 to 12 months).

Results: After PFO all patients experienced immediate significant relief in medial knee pain with improved walking distance. Postoperatively, all patients showed radiological improvement in femorotibial angle (FTA), medial/lateral joint space ratio.

Conclusions: PFO is safe, minimally invasive technique with minimal complications. It gives immediate relief of medial knee pain with improved function of joint.
Comparison between simultaneous versus staged bilateral total knee arthroplasty: a prospective, randomized, controlled study
Authors: Sharma Rajesh Kumar , Meena R. P.
Published: April 2020

Background: Bilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a common procedure nowadays. Although, staging of surgery is a subject of debate. We conducted a study to compare safety and functional outcomes of simultaneous and staged bilateral TKA.

Methods: Our study includes total 70 patients of symptomatic severe bilateral osteoarthritis, underwent simultaneous or staged bilateral TKA during 2015 to 2019. 35 patients were randomly allotted for each procedure. The postoperative evaluations were done according to Knee Society Score at one, three, six and 12 months and yearly thereafter for 2 years following a simultaneous bilateral TKA (group A) and the second procedure in the staged bilateral TKA (group B).  In the staged group, the patients were followed at monthly intervals until the second procedure. The categorical variables were statistically significant when p value <0.05.

Results: As compared to staged procedure (group B), estimated blood loss was significantly less in simultaneous TKA (group A). Although, blood transfusion rate was significantly high in group A. The length of hospital stay was significantly shorter in group A. Overall complication rate (inpatient and/or 90 days readmission) was not significantly higher in group A. Knee infection rate was significantly lower in simultaneous TKA group. There was no revision of surgery and no mortality in any of our study group within 2 years of follow-up.

Conclusions: Simultaneous bilateral TKA is safe and cost-effective procedure with acceptable complication rates for bilateral symptomatic end stage knee osteoarthritis.
Prospective comparative study of extra-articular distal tibia fractures-intramedullary nailing versus medial minimally invasive percutaneous plating
Authors: Lakhotia Devendra , Meena Ashok , Bishnoi Madharam , Sharma Kartikeya , Shinde Padmakar
Published: April 2020

Background: The distal tibia extra-articular fractures are treated with both intramedullary nailing (IMN) and medial minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis (MIPPO). The aim of this study was to compare the results of IMN and medial MIPPO in distal tibia fractures. The complications and secondary interventions in both groups were compared.

Methods: Fifty patients with distal tibia were randomly assigned to IMN (group 1) and medial MIPPO group           (group 2). The functional outcomes were evaluated using American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score. Complications like infection, delayed union, non-union, malunion, hardware prominence and secondary interventions were compared.

Results: The average union time was 21.12±6.93 weeks in group 1 and 23.56±6.96 weeks in group 2 (p=0.220). The mean AOFAS scoring was 90.76±7.9 in group 1 and 88.4±8.33 in group 2 (p=0.339). Five patients in group 1 and one in group 2 had malalignment. Deep infection was present in one and superficial infection was present in two cases in group 2. None of the patients in group 1 had infections. Three patients in group I developed anterior knee pain and six in group 2 had hardware prominence. Seven cases in IMN group required secondary interventions and fourteen in medial MIPPO group.

Conclusions: Extra-articular distal tibia fractures are successfully treated with IMN and medial MIPPO with comparable functional outcomes. Prevalence of malunion was higher in IMN group and hardware prominence was more prevalent in MIPPO group. Implant removal are more in medial MIPPO group mostly due to implant irritation.

 
Vitamin D status in Indian subjects: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Goel Sanjiv
Published: April 2020

Background: The objective of the study was to conduct a systematic evaluation of vitamin D status in pan India population, to provide a comprehensive depiction of the vitamin D status among Indians.

Methods: This retrospective, cross-sectional, multicentric study considered data of subjects (≥18 years) who underwent 25(OH)D test at vitamin D screening camps, conducted at 229 sites across 81 cities in India. Primary study variables were proportion of subjects with vitamin D (25(OH)D) - severe deficiency (<5 ng/ml)/ deficiency (≥5-<20 ng/m)/ insufficiency (≥20-<30 ng/ml)/ sufficiency (≥30-<150 ng/ml) and toxicity (≥150 ng/ml).

Results: Data from 4624 subjects (mean SD) age: 45.4 (14.5 years) was considered for this analysis. A total of 3552 (76.9%) subjects had vitamin D level of <30 ng/ml, including 41 (0.9%) subjects with severe deficiency, 2310 (50.0%) subjects with deficiency and 1201 (26.0%) subjects with insufficiency. Prevalence of vitamin D level of <30 ng/ml was found marginally higher in males (77.3%) than females (76.5%). Analysis of zonal data revealed that prevalence of vitamin D level <30 ng/ml was highest in east India (83.4%) followed by south (81.6%), west (76.3%) and north (73.3%). The incidence of vitamin D level <30 ng/ml was highest in the age-group of ≥18-≤30 years (82.5%), followed by >30-≤ 40 (80.4%), >40-≤50 (76%) and >50-≤65 (74.1%) years groups.

Conclusions: Our study indicates a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency in the Indian population irrespective of sex, age, and location. These clinically identified cases represent only a part of a bigger concern, necessitating the need for optimal public health action.
Relacja współwięźniów o ostatnich dniach życia Sługi Bożego ks. Konstantego Budkiewicza (1867-1923)
Authors: Wodzianowska Irena
Published: April 2020

Rozstrzelanie w marcu 1923 r. ks. prałata Konstantego Budkiewicza, jak i proces pokazowy, który odbył się w Moskwie, zbulwersował opinię publiczną w Polsce i za granicą. W jego wyniku skazano na karę śmierci arcybiskupa Jana Cieplaka oraz dziekana piotrogrodzkiego, ks. Konstantego Budkiewicza, inni duchowni otrzymali łagodniejsze wyroki – od 3 do 10 lat więzienia. Noty protestacyjne wysłały rządy m.in. Polski, Niemiec, Francji, Stanów Zjednoczonych, Brazylii, Czechosłowacji, Hiszpanii, Anglii i innych krajów. Po rozstrzelaniu ks. Budkiewicza, w wyniku międzynarodowych protestów arcybiskupa wydalono z kraju. Trzynastu kapłanów po odbyciu kary wróciło do duszpasterskich obowiązków. Zagrożona ponownym aresztowaniem, część kapłanów w ramach wymiany więźniów do 1934 r. opuściła Związek Radziecki. Jako ostatni do Polski przyjechał bp Antoni Malecki, wycieńczony uwięzieniem i zesłaniem, kilka miesięcy po powrocie zmarł. Pozostali zginęli w łagrach lub zostali rozstrzelani w następnych latach.

Szerszemu gronu Czytelników prezentowane jest świadectwo o męczeńskiej śmierci ks. Budkiewicza spisane przez uwięzionych w 1923 r. kapłanów. Opisano w nim prawie miesiąc życia księdza przed wykonaniem wyroku śmierci. Ks. Budkiewicz przez prawie 20 lat był proboszczem największej parafii w Petersburgu pw. św. Katarzyny. Przy kościele działały szkoły podstawowe, dwa gimnazja, towarzystwo dobroczynne oraz bractwa modlitewne. Skupiało się tu także życie kulturalne i polonijne. Ks. Budkiewicz, od 1908 r. dziekan petersburski, opiekował się ponad 40 parafiami i kaplicami na rozległym terenie Pskowa, Nowogrodu oraz Finlandii. W 1918 r. został też wikarym generalnym bpa Cieplaka. Po dojściu do władzy bolszewików ks. Budkiewicz dzielnie bronił praw Kościoła. Zagrożony aresztowaniem, dwukrotnie odmówił wyjazdu do Polski. Za swój obowiązek uznał pozostanie z podległym mu duchowieństwem oraz wiernymi do końca. Spisany przez uwięzionych razem z nim kapłanów protokół został przekazany drogą dyplomatyczną do Polski, a następnie do Stolicy Apostolskiej. Stał się on świadectwem męczeństwa Kościoła katolickiego w Związku Radzieckim. Proces beatyfikacyjny ks. Budkiewicza rozpoczął się w 2003 r.
El estudio de la salud de los hombres desde una perspectiva de género: de dónde venimos, hacia dónde vamos
Authors: Marcos-Marcos Jorge , Mateos José Tomás , Gasch-Gallén Àngel , Álvarez-Dardet Carlos
Published: April 2020

Llevar a cabo un análisis más integral y profundo de las diferencias y desigualdades en salud requiere de una aproximación más amplia al estudio de las masculinidades y la salud de los hombres en el momento actual. Estamos ante un tema cuyo interés ha ido a la par de la creciente preocupación por los riesgos y vulnerabilidades específicas de los hombres, pero también de la necesidad de involucrarlos en programas con capacidad de promover cambios positivos en el orden de género hacia la equidad en salud. Este artículo resitúa este campo dentro de la salud pública, proporcionando una visión amplificada sobre la salud de los hombres dentro del debate de los determinantes sociales de la salud y el análisis de las desigualdades. Sobre la base de un enfoque relacional de género, se formulan una serie de recomendaciones orientadas a las políticas y la investigación, que consideramos pueden contribuir a avanzar en el estudio y el desarrollo de programas desde una perspectiva de género en salud.
Digital learning in European history education: Political visions, the logics of schools and teaching practices
Authors: Tribukait Maren
Published: April 2020

The advancement of digital technology has raised hopes of radical improvements in education, such as a new culture of learning. History educators have underlined that the use of digital media could help students to develop a constructivist understanding of history while at the same
time rendering history more vivid, relevant and exciting. The last twenty years have shown, however, that even though digital media are increasingly being used in schools, there have been no significant changes in European education systems. This paper helps explain the gap between expectations
and reality by exploring how contemporary education policies and curricula in the EU and at the national level frame digital learning in schools and history education. It shows that the ambitious vision of digital learning included in EU policies is closely related to the EU's knowledge economy
goals, to which national governments, however, do not fully subscribe. These national policies emphasize the wider role of education in society, which includes strengthening social cohesion and incorporating humane, democratic and civic values. They also take into account the relative autonomy
of schools, whose own institutional logics eventually decide how ideas take shape in everyday teaching practice. The relative autonomy of schools is reflected by history curricula that do not include substantial requirements, but only a few optional suggestions concerning the use of digital
media. Practitioners' experiences and empirical research indicate that the suggested uses can be part of effective student-centred teaching approaches, but demand considerable investments of time, resources, efforts and creativity. The discussion of these examples also illustrates that the
economistic EU vision of digital learning is not a suitable framework for the key concerns of history education. A revised vision of digital learning could and should, therefore, include other important education aims, such as democratic values, social cohesion and active citizenship.
Qualifying counterfactuals: Students' use of counterfactuals for evaluating historical explanations
Authors: Wendell Joakim
Published: April 2020

The study investigates upper secondary school students' use of counterfactual reasoning when engaging in a task concerning historical explanation. The study analyses student answers to a prompt asking them to evaluate the causal importance of a historical actor for a historical event,
aiming to characterize the counterfactuals used, as well as applying possible criteria for what can be considered a qualified counterfactual. The criteria for qualification of counterfactuals are based on theoretical proposals about the potential of counterfactuals in relation to historical
explanation. The findings indicate that a majority of the students involved use counterfactuals in their reasoning about explanatory importance, most of them employing counterfactual reasoning in relation to the historical actor. The analysis of qualification indicates that student reasoning
becomes more qualified when students instead focus on structural factors, include both structures and actors in their counterfactual reasoning, or support their reasoning by making comparisons.
Factores asociados con parto pretérmino en el tercer nivel de atención en salud en Manizales. Julio 2004 - Junio 2005
Authors: Jaramillo-Prado John Jairo , López-Giraldo Irma Rocío , Arango-Gómez Fernando
Published: April 2020

La incidencia del parto pretérmino se estima en un 10 a 11%, siendo la principal causa de morbilidad y mortalidad perinatal sin que esto haya cambiado durante las últimas décadas.Objetivo: identificar los factores asociados de las pacientes obstétricas con diagnóstico de parto pretérmino en el tercer nivel de atención de Manizales.Metodología: se realizó un estudio de casos y controles en la Clínica Villapilar de la E.S.E. Rita Arango Álvarez del Pino que incluyó 232 pacientes que tuvieron el parto entre las semana 24 y 36 de gestación (casos) y 232 pacientes con parto después de la semana 37 (controles), durante el periodo de julio de 2004 ajunio de 2005. En el análisis se determinó la asociación de ciertos factores de riesgo con el parto pretérmino mediante OR y sus respectivos intervalos de confianza al 95%.Resultados: la no realización de control prenatal (OR 5,1 IC95% 2,41–11,01), preeclampsia durante el embarazo actual (OR 4,15 IC95% 1,70–10,16), ruptura prematura de membranas (OR 3,17 IC95% 1,92–5,23), embarazo múltiple (OR 7,65 IC95% 2,77–21,16) y el antecedente de parto prematuro (OR 5,59 IC95% 2,46–12,73) tuvieron asociación estadísticamente significativa con la presentación de parto prematuro. No hubo diferencias en las variables de edad, estado civil, procedencia, estado socio-económico, gravidez, paridad, planificación familiar, enfermedades de transmisión sexual y hábitos nocivos entre los grupos de casos y controles.Conclusiones: los principales factores asociados a parto pretérmino en el tercer nivel de atención en Manizales fueron el antecedente de parto pretérmino, control prenatal inadecuado y la asociación de la gestación actual con ruptura prematura de membranas, preeclampsia y/o gestación múltiple.
El Registro de ensayos clínicos y las revistas biomédicas
Authors: Lozano Juan Manuel
Published: April 2020

El ensayo controlado aleatorio es el método óptimo para determinar si una intervención previene o alivia una condición. La toma de decisiones respecto al uso ulterior de dicha intervención conlleva a que todos los implicados (los clínicos, los pacientes y sus familias, los administradores, los que trazan políticas públicas y los investigadores) tengan acceso a los resultados de los estudios que la hayan evaluado. Este proceso crea la base de conocimiento necesaria para brindar un óptimo cuidado en salud.
Edema pulmonar en cirugía laparoscópica. Presentación de un caso y revisión sistemática de la literatura
Authors: Eslava Javier , Gaitán Hernando , Pedraza Nelson
Published: April 2020

La cirugía laparoscópica es una técnica que se ha difundido exponencialmente y a la que se le han reconocido muchas bondades. Sin embargo, también se le ha asociado una serie de complicaciones potencialmente serias y no bien estudiadas.Objetivo: describir la frecuencia reportada en la literatura de edema pulmonar en cirugía laparoscópica y en colecistectomía laparoscópica.Metodología: estudio descriptivo de evidencia (revisión sistemática), utilizando las bases de datos Medline (PubMed, NLM), OVID y CINAHL. Dos revisores independientes evaluaron la pertinencia de los artículos, a partir de los resúmenes, y sobre ellos se hizo una revisión en texto completo del nivel de evidencia y la frecuencia de presentación de las complicaciones y específicamente del edema pulmonar. Se describe la mediana de frecuencia informada en la literatura (%), de la presentación del edema pulmonar en cirugía laparoscópica.Resultados: se encontraron 58 artículos (39 en Medline y 19 en OVID) En CINAHL se encontraron 3 que ya se habían encontrado con las estrategias previas. De estos, 2 fueron estudios observacionales analíticos, 13 observacionales descriptivos diferentes a series de caso y reportes de caso y 25 fueron series de casos o reporte de un caso. No se encontraron en texto completo 6 artículos y 12 fueron revisiones no sistemáticas. La frecuencia de presentación de edema pulmonar en cirugía laparoscópica osciló entre 0 y 16,6% Me=1,4% (IC95% 0,19%-2,3%). En muchos de los casos no hubo claridad sobre la causalidad del edema pulmonar y se asoció con el evento más inmediato, precedente.Conclusión: la mayoría de la evidencia disponible es tipo III y IV. Se requieren de estudios de vigilancia posmercadeo (Fase IV) para este tipo de tecnologías. Mientras tanto es relevante dar a conocer a los pacientes sobre la presentación del edema pulmonar como una potencial complicación de la cirugía laparoscópica.
Infección urinaria durante el embarazo, perfil de resistencia bacteriana al tratamiento en el Hospital General de Neiva, Colombia
Authors: Ferreira Fidel Ernesto , Olaya Sandra Ximena , Zúñiga Pedro , Angulo Mónica
Published: April 2020

La infección urinaria es frecuente durante el embarazo; la Esherichia coli es el patógeno más común, seguido por Klebsiella pneumoniae, diferentes tipos de Enterobacter, estreptococos y estafilococos. La ampicilina ha sido ampliamente usada como primera elección, sin embargo, la resistencia bacteriana a este antibiótico es alta.Objetivo: determinar el perfil de resistencia microbiana para los gérmenes más frecuentemente implicados en la infección de vías urinarias durante el embarazo.Metodología: se estudiaron los resultados de urocultivo y antibiograma realizados a mujeres embarazadas, en un periodo de 15 meses desde enero de 2004 hasta abril de 2005.Resultados: un total de 45 pacientes tuvieron urocultivo positivo. El germen más frecuentemente aislado fue Escherichia Coli en un 64%, seguido de Klebsiella pneumoniae; con un porcentaje de resistencia de Escherichia Coli a la ampicilina del 82% y a la gentamicina del 3%.
Laparoscopia ginecológica en adolescentes en tres instituciones de Cali, 1998-2003
Authors: Mondragón Alba Lucía , Viáfara Gloria Amparo , Vinueza Beatriz
Published: April 2020

Introducción: el desconocimiento de la caracterización de cirugía laparoscópica ginecológica en adolescentes en nuestra ciudad, abre la necesidad de su investigación para el posterior planteamiento de sugerencias y estrategias de implementación de esta tecnología quirúrgica.Materiales y métodos: se revisaron las historias clínicas de 37 mujeres adolescentes menores de 20 años quienes fueron sometidas a cirugía laparoscópica en tres importantes centros de la ciudad de Cali entre 1998 - 2003. Los registros fueron analizados en el programa Estadístico Epi Info 6.Resultados: de 3.448 procedimientos 37 (1,1%) fueron hechos en adolescentes. La edad promedio fue 16 años. La indicación más frecuente fue el dolor pélvico (54,1%), seguido por dismenorrea e infertilidad en un 10,8% cada una y masa anexial en un 8,1%. Los hallazgos quirúrgicos más frecuentes fueron endometriosis en 11 adolescentes (29,7%) siguiendo en frecuencia: ovarios anovulatorios (16,2%) y quistes anexiales (13,5). Llamó la atención encontrar complicaciones de utilización de DIU, embarazo ectópico, graves secuelas de EPI y varicocele.Conclusiones: es importante promover la utilización de esta técnica quirúrgica, minimamente invasiva, en la población adolescente. Se recomienda estandarizar el registro de recolección de datos de las historias clínicas prequirúrgicas, intraoperatorias y posquirúrgicas para futuros estudios multicéntricos prospectivos.
Malformaciones congénitas: correlación, diagnóstico ecográfico y clínico
Authors: Vélez Jorge Eduardo , Herrera Luis Edilberto , Arango Fernando , López Guillermo
Published: April 2020

Se estudiaron 78 pacientes con diagnóstico ecográfico de malformación fetal, con edad promedio de 26,5 ± 7,6 años y escolaridad de 8,6 ± 4 años. La exposición a teratógenos durante el primer trimestre se registró en el 5% de los casos, el 15% tenían antecedente familiar de malformación o enfermedad genética y el 10% presentaban enfermedades sistémicas concurrentes con el embarazo. La ingesta de medicamentos diferentes a suplementos de hierro o vitaminas fue referida por el 38,5% de las pacientes. El 24% tenían antecedente de aborto y el 7% consanguinidad.El motivo de remisión más común fue el hallazgo ecográfico anormal (85%), seguido de edad materna avanzada (> 35 años). Los hallazgos ecográficos más frecuentes fueron alteraciones renales (26,9%), sistema nervioso central (24,4%), tracto gastrointestinal (10,3%) e hidrops fetalis no inmune (7,7%). El 30% de las pacientes cursaron con polihidramnios. Se efectuaron ocho amniocentesis, tres con fines de diagnóstico genético prenatal. La tasa de cesárea fue del 37,3% y la frecuencia de autopsias del 19%.Con relación al diagnóstico postnatal, las anomalías del tracto urinario y del sistema nervioso central ocuparon el primer lugar. La correlación entre el diagnóstico prenatal y el postnatal se logró totalmente en el 84,6% de los casos, y de manera parcial en el 15,4%.
Factores de riesgo para cáncer de cuello uterino
Authors: Ortiz Serrano Ricardo , Uribe Pérez Claudia Janeth , Díaz Martínez Luis Alfonso , Dangond Romero Yuriko Rafael
Published: April 2020

El cáncer del cuello uterino es una de las neoplasias malignas de mayor incidencia y mortalidad entre las mujeres de todas partes del mundo, hallazgo que resulta paradójico si se tiene en cuenta que el cuello uterino es de fácil acceso y existen estrategias debidamente probadas que permiten un diagnóstico y tratamiento precoz. En esta revisión se describe detalladamente la epidemiología del cáncer del cuello uterino, en especial los factores de riesgo relacionados con la génesis de la neoplasia y su diagnóstico tardío.
O ENSINO DE FILOSOFIA NA RESIDÊNCIA PEDAGÓGICA: UMA EXPERIÊNCIA COM A CONFECÇÃO DE JORNAIS FILOSÓFICOS
Authors: Soares Paulo Sérgio , Rezende Monteiro Cláudia , De Oliveira Pires Leandro , Miranda Kurovski Giovana Miranda Kurovski , De Sousa Nelzirene Francisca , Dias da Silva Deusiel
Published: April 2020

Este trabalho faz parte dossiê temático associado ao II Seminário da RP/UFT, com o tema: “Formação e prática docente – concepções, trajetórias e desafios da Residência Pedagógica da UFT". A estrutura não comporta resumo.
RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA NA FORMAÇÃO DA IDENTIDADE DOCENTE
Authors: Oliveira da Silva Kassia , Barros Eduardo , Melo da Luz Santos Shirlley , Duarte da Silva Edgar , Cupertino Gomes Érica
Published: April 2020

O presente artigo trata-se de um relato de experiência no Programa Residência Pedagógica no Colégio Estadual Pré-Universitário de Araguaína no âmbito do subprojeto do curso de Física, focalizando na ambientação escolar, observação, análise e intervenção na sala de aula. Programa financiado pela Capes, tem objetivo melhorar e fortalecer o desenvolvimento profissional dos futuros professores usando como ferramenta a vivencia no âmbito escolar, proporcionando aos estudantes de licenciatura uma integração melhor entre a teoria e prática, permitindo-os evoluírem mais através de experiências nas escolas púbicas. No entanto, os residentes têm o acompanhamento dos professores preceptores, que realiza reuniões periódicas que abriam espaços para discursões, compartilhamento de ideias, sanar dúvidas, compartilhar experiências vivenciadas no ambiente escolar, e debates direcionados a formação dos residentes possibilitando aos residentes momentos de articulação e reflexão da atividade docente. Todos os trabalhos produzidos eram voltados para o melhoramento dos residentes na unidade concedente, como a elaboração de projetos e artigos. O programa ajuda na transformação de um acadêmico em um professor pesquisador e inovador, proporcionar experiências mais aprofundada na formação docente, visto que, terão que lidar com a teoria e a prática, além de oportunizar a exploração de todo o processo educacional em uma unidade escolar, visando à formação docente.
ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION FOR YOUNG ADULTS: A PEDAGOGICAL RESIDENCY EXPERIENCE
Authors: Vieira Miliane Moreira Cardoso , Gomes Rodrigues Reis Ailla Caroliny , Pereira Gomes Davi , Canafístula de Oliveira Vinicius Canafístula de Oliveira
Published: April 2020

The present article aims to relate the teaching of a foreign language in a public adult school. For doing so, we analyze both the educational documents and the teaching practice of students from a peripheral neighborhood public school, in the city of Araguaína-To. When focusing the school curriculum, the public of students enrolled is often identified as an economically vulnerable audience. Even with all difficulties faced from these students to acquire their High School certificates, we can say that throughout the term, the need to use a foreign language in the job market was developed by these students; they could see that learning can be a possibility of access to the world.
COVID-19, ANÁLISE DAS ESTRATÉGIAS DE PREVENÇÃO, CUIDADOS E COMPLICAÇÕES SINTOMÁTICAS
Authors: Barbosa Baptista Anderson , Vieira Fernandes Leonardo
Published: April 2020

O vírus SARS-CoV-2, surgiu no final de 2019 em Wuhan, na China, provocando a Covid-19, sendo decretada uma pandemia em março de 2020 pela OMS. Possui alta transmissibilidade, podendo produzir complicações sintomáticas para idosos e portadores de comorbidades. Medidas de isolamento social e antissepsia são elementos chave para contenção do vírus.  Objetivou-se nesse estudo uma revisão da literatura referente à Covid-19 e sua relação com pneumonia, sua prevenção e impactos na saúde pública. Foi realizada busca nas bases de dados PubMed, Bireme, Scielo, Portal da Capes e revistas especializadas. Novas doenças geram muitos desafios pela imprecisão de conhecimentos quanto a transmissão, a gravidade, o diagnóstico e o tratamento. O paciente com COVID-19 pode apresentar sintomas como: tosse seca, febre, dor de garganta, dor no corpo e complicações como: pneumonia, dispneia e necessidade de ventilação mecânica. O diagnóstico é realizado por meio de sorologia e/ou RT-PCR. Para diminuir a transmissão do vírus as estratégias estão centradas em medidas como antissepsia das mãos, do ambiente e no isolamento social, que leva ao fechamento de escolas e comércio. No Brasil, o sistema de saúde não comporta um rápido aumento do número de casos. O sistema entraria em colapso. Muitas mortes poderiam ocorrer sem as medidas de isolamento e prevenção. É o momento de atuação na divulgação de conhecimento em saúde para a população, para que a pandemia que chega ao país seja mitigada. Fica também evidente a necessidade de estruturação do sistema de saúde para o enfrentamento de desastres.
Characterization of the Common japonica-Originated Genomic Regions in the High Yielding Varieties Developed from Inter-Subspecific Crosses in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Seo Jeonghwan , Lee So-Myeong , Han Jae-Hyuk , Shin Na-Hyun , Lee Yoon Kyung , Kim Backki , Chin Joong Hyoun , Koh Hee-Jong
Published: April 2020

The inter-subspecific crossing between indica and japonica subspecies in rice have been utilized to improve yield potential in temperate rice. In this study, a comparative study of the genomic regions in the eight high yielding varieties (HYVs) was conducted with those of the four non-HYV varieties. NGS mapping on the Nipponbare reference genome identified a total of 14 common genomic regions of japonica-originated alleles. Interestingly, the HYVs shared the japonica-originated genomic regions on the nine chromosomes, although they were developed from different breeding programs. A panel of 94 varieties was classified into four varietal groups with the 39 SNP markers from 39 genes residing the japonica-originated genomic regions and 16 additional trait-specific SNPs. As expected, the japonica originated genomic regions were present only in JAP and HYV groups with exceptions for Chr4-1 and Chr4-2. The Wx gene located within Chr6-1 was present in HYV and JAP variety groups, while the yield-related genes were conserved as indica alleles in HYVs. The japonica-originated genomic regions and alleles shared by HYVs can be employed in molecular breeding programs for further development of HYVs in rice.
Regulatory Framework for Biological Safety Provision When Working with Microorganisms of the III–IV Pathogenicity Groups
Authors: Kostyukova T. A. , Gordeeva M. V. , Lyapin M. N. , Morozov K. M.
Published: April 2020

Objective of the study was to review the current normative-methodological documentation on the matters of safe handling of pathogenic biological agents (PBA) of the III–IV pathogenicity groups. Materials and methods. We used analytical method for the study. We carried out comparative analysis of the provisions contained in the current regulations approved at different times for different agencies on the matters of air filtering system equipping, usage of microbiological safety cabinets, ensuring hand washing station provision for laboratories, inspection of disinfectants entering a lab, and waste decontamination procedures. Results and discussion. We have considered the provisions of the current documentation that require further refinement and clarification for the future editions of sanitary regulations. Two aspects draw increasing attention: the problem of regulating the inlet and exhaust ventilation system setup in the laboratories of microbiological specialization for work with PBA and the need to devise a consistent coordinated regulatory framework. Examples provided in the paper demonstrate the necessity of adhering to the integrated unified approach to the requirements for biosafety provision in the documents of various agencies; clear wording; harmonized system of normative and technical specifications for laboratory equipment, stating the basic characteristics of microbiological safety cabinets and ventilation systems. The documents should be in compliance with the requirements of various agencies. The maintenance of technical-engineering systems should be performed by the specialists with an appropriate qualification on a regular basis.
Epidemiological Zoning of the Volga Federal District Territory by the Level of Potential Epidemic Hazard of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome Natural Foci
Authors: Ivanova A. V. , Safronov V. A. , Popov N. V. , Kuklev E. V.
Published: April 2020

HFRS is a relevant threat to the sanitary-epidemiological welfare of the population of the Russian Federation. It takes a leading position in the structure of natural-focal ifections of viral etiology incidence around the country. The most unfavorable situation on HFRS morbidity rates (more than 80% of the overall incidence) is observed in the constituent entities of the Volga Federal District (VFD). The purpose of the work is to differentiate the territory of the Volga Federal District in terms of the potential epidemic hazard (PEH) of HFRS infection. Materials and methods. We used information on the HFRS incidence contained in the statistical reporting form No. 1 “Information on infectious and parasitic diseases” and the data on epizootic activity of natural HFRS foci from the established forms of surveys and forecasts of the state of population and the numbers of small mammals over the period of 2014-2018. The assessment of the PEH level of HFRS infection was carried out according to the original method developed with the participation of the authors. The software used was the analytical platform Deductor Professional and the geo-information system Arc GIS. Results and discussion. Among the constituent entities of the Volga Federal District an extremely high level of risk of HFRS infection (6 points), the first type of territories, was established for the Udmurt Republic, the Republics of Bashkortostan, Tatarstan, Mordovia, and Chuvash Republic. The second type of territories characterized by high level of risk, where the PEH was 5 points – Samara, Ulyanovsk, Nizhny Novgorod, Kirov, Saratov, Orenburg regions and the Republic of Mari El. The territories in which there is an increased risk of HFRS infection cover the territory of the Penza Region (PEH – 4 points). The average risk of infection was noted only in the Perm Region (PEH – 3 points). Prompt implementation of a complex of nonspecific preventive measures at sites with a pronounced increase in the potential epidemic hazard of HFRS infection will significantly reduce the incidence rate in the VFD and the Russian Federation as a whole.
Irritable bowel syndrome after Clostridioides difficile infection
Authors: Iacob Teodora , Lupșe Mihaela Sorina , Dumitrașcu Dan Lucian
Published: April 2020

Background Post-Infectious Irritable Bowel Syndrome (PI-IBS) is a common complication of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). The objectives of this study were to asses the risk of PI-IBS following a CDI. We also evaluated if there is a correlation between the onset of PI-IBS and the severity of CDI.Methods The study group consisted of 69 patients consecutively admitted in a tertiary center with an acute gastroenteritis episode, suspected of having a Clostridioides difficile infection. PCR for CDI from feces were performed to assess the infection. The subjects were divided into two groups. A group consisted of patients with CDI and the other group where the CDI was ruled out. The patients were evaluated for PI-IBS 6 months after the episode of CDI by Rome III IBS diagnostic questionnaire and the Bristol Stool Form Scale. In these patients CDI recurrence was ruled out by PCR; patients were retested. Severity of CDI was stratified according to the need for hospitalization or not. Other evaluated parameters for severity at patients were the level of serum creatinin, C-reactive protein (CRP) and white blood cell count (WBC). The questionnaires were paper printed and directly filled in by the subjects.Results The response rate to the questionnaire was 100%. During the course of this study 31 patients died. Out of 38 patients, 37% (14 patients) were diagnosed with CDI. After CDI, 57% (8 patients) developed PI-IBS and 43% (6 patients) where without PI-IBS with a relative risk (RR) of 2.29 (95 % confidence interval CI 0.99 – 5.23), p=0.04. In the group of patients with a severe form of CDI, 90% (9 patients) developed PI-IBS with a RR of 2.72 (95% CI 0.80 – 9.24), p=0.04, compared to the group of patients with light and moderate forms CDI.Conclusion Our study shows that, 6 months after CDI, PI-IBS develops in 57% patients, higher than in the control group where CDI was ruled out by PCR (43%), statitstically significant (p=0.04). The severity of CDI was a risk factor for PI-IBS, 90% of patients with severe forms of CDI developed PI-IBS.