bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiple Dorsal Hand Actinic Keratoses and Squamous Cell Carcinomas: A Unique Presentation following Extensive UV Nail Lamp Use
Authors: Ratycz Madison C. , Lender Joyce A. , Gottwald Lorie D.
Published: October 2019

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common skin cancer worldwide, and exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light is a major cause of SCC. UV nail lamps can be used for drying and hardening acrylic or gel nail polish. We report a case of a 52-year-old Caucasian woman with an 18-year history of UV nail lamp use every 3 weeks and an 18-year history of weekly tanning bed use who presented with over 25 actinic keratoses and two SCC in situ on her dorsal hands. Of note, this patient has never had any previous biopsies, skin cancer or precancers, or skin cancer or precancer treatment at any time in the past and on skin examination had no precancers or cancers elsewhere on her body. We also review the existing research regarding nail lamp use, which overall suggests that the risk of carcinogenesis is low, and discuss ways dermatologists can educate patients regarding proper UV nail lamp use to minimize risks. This patient’s extensive UV nail lamp use coupled with UVA exposure from tanning beds may have put her at particular risk and exacerbated the effects of the nail lamp alone.
Treatment Status and Use of Psychoactive Substances in Deceased Drug Users
Authors: Kruckow Line , Tjagvad Christian , Clausen Thomas , Linnet Kristian , Banner Jytte
Published: October 2019

Background: Studies on drug use are limited by the study populations available, which usually only include drug users in treatment settings. Therefore, the knowledge base is limited on drug users not entering treatment for drug use disorder (DUD). Using registers from departments of forensic medicine enables research on decedents with DUD, irrespective of treatment status. Objectives: The aim of this study is to characterize and compare drug users not receiving treatment and drug users receiving treatment, in relation to cause of death, toxicological findings, and use of nonprescribed medication. Methods: Retrospective register-based study on deceased drug users with supplemental data from the Registry of Drug Abusers Undergoing Treatment and the Register of Medicinal Product Statistics in 2 observation periods: 2001–2002 and 2011–2012. Results: Two-thirds of the population were not receiving treatment at the time of death in both observation periods. Drug users receiving treatment were more likely to die from accidental poisonings than drug users not receiving treatment. There was no difference in mean age at the time of death between the 2 groups, and both groups were older in the second observation period. There was no difference in toxicological findings according to treatment status and the 2 groups did not differ in the presence of nonprescribed medication found in the blood at the time of death. Discussion/Conclusions: The proportion of drug users that received treatment prior to death has not increased, and deceased drug users are mostly not in treatment for their drug use at the time of death.
Surveillance of the Antimicrobial Resistance Rates of Helicobacter pylori Ten Years Later in the Western Central Region, Colombia
Authors: Bedoya-Gómez Ingrid Johanna , Alvarez-Aldana Adalucy , Moncayo-Ortiz José Ignacio , Guaca-González Yina Marcela , Santacruz-Ibarra Jorge Javier , Arturo-Arias Brenda Lucia , Castañeda-Chávez Luis Javier , Leon Rodriguez Daniel Arturo , Beltrán-Angarita Leonardo
Published: October 2019

Background: Helicobacter pylori is a bacterium associated with gastroduodenal disease and gastric cancer. Empirical therapy in the treatment of H. pylori infection increases the risk of apparition of antimicrobial drug resistance. In a previous report, in H. pylori clinical isolates, resistance rates to commonly used antimicrobial drugs were as follows: metronidazole 82%, clarithromycin 3.8%, and amoxicillin 1.9%. The aim was to establish the variation of resistance rates and the detection of H. pylori genetic mutations isolated from dyspeptic patients. Methods: Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were performed by the E-test method for metronidazole, clarithromycin, amoxicillin, and tetracycline in 61 clinical isolates. Sequencing was performed to detect mutations associated with resistance to clarithromycin. Results: According to our results, resistance rates found in the 61 isolates were 78.60% for metronidazole and 8.20% for clarithromycin. None of the studied isolates had resistance to tetracycline and amoxicillin. Secondary resistance rates displayed an increase when compared to primary rates for metronidazole (87.50 vs. 77.35%) and for clarithromycin (25.66 vs. 5.66%). Of 5 isolates resistant to clarithromycin, 3 had the A2143G mutation. By comparing the results in this work with previous reports, antimicrobial drug resistance rates did not show major modifications for metronidazole, amoxicillin, and tetracycline during the last 10 years. For clarithromycin, the resistance rate showed a moderate increase; nevertheless, it remains low (<15%) and this change was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Together, all findings in this work indicate that these antimicrobial drugs can still be used as first line of defense on infected patients living in this region of the country.
Biblioteca um lugar mágico
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo. Escola de Comunicações e Artes, Paletta Francisco Carlos , Vergueiro Waldomiro de Castro Santos ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Escola de Comunicações e Artes, Paletta Fátima Aparecida Colombo ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Química
Published: October 2019

A dificuldade de formar as futuras gerações de leitores brasileiros chama a atenção de educadores em todo o mundo. As instituições de ensino vivenciam o desafio de estimular o interesse e o prazer pelo livro e pela leitura. Atentos a essa realidade, o "Projeto Livro e Leitura" tem como objetivo principal a criação de ações voltadas à valorização da Biblioteca Infantil, Biblioteca Escolar, Biblioteca Pública e de ações no incentivo à leitura. Resultado de "Projeto de Pesquisa FAPESP", a primeira etapa do "Projeto Livro e Leitura" tem como protagonista a “criança” – elo principal de todas as etapas do processo educacional e de formação do cidadão e profissional do futuro, na construção de uma sociedade mais justa, fraterna e equitativa. O foco educativo do livro infantil está desenvolvido a partir da aventura divertida das crianças na Biblioteca. Lá, elas descobrem um segredo transformador capaz de revelar a eles uma nova visão sobre livros, pois “eles conversam com a gente!" A partir da leitura, a criança vai descobrir o mundo mágico da informação e do conhecimento... uma viagem sem fim!
Monoclonal Antibody to Marinobufagenin Downregulates TGFβ Profibrotic Signaling in Left Ventricle and Kidney and Reduces Tissue Remodeling in Salt‐Sensitive Hypertension
Authors: Zhang Yongqing , Wei Wen , Shilova Victoria , Petrashevskaya Natalia N. , Zernetkina Valentina I. , Grigorova Yulia N. , Marshall Courtney A. , Fenner Rachel C. , Lehrmann Elin , Wood William H. , Becker Kevin G. , Lakatta Edward G. , Bagrov Alexei Y. , Fedorova Olga V.
Published: October 2019

Background

Elevated levels of an endogenous Na/K‐
ATP
ase inhibitor marinobufagenin accompany salt‐sensitive hypertension and are implicated in cardiac fibrosis. Immunoneutralization of marinobufagenin reduces blood pressure in Dahl salt‐sensitive (Dahl‐S) rats. The effect of the anti‐marinobufagenin monoclonal antibody on blood pressure, left ventricular (
LV
) and renal remodeling, and gene expression were investigated in hypertensive Dahl‐S rats.

Methods and Results

Dahl‐S rats were fed high NaCl (8%,
HS
; n=14) or low NaCl (0.1%,
LS
; n=14) diets for 8 weeks. Animals were administered control antibody (LS control antibody, LSC; HS control antibody, HSC; n=7 per group) or anti‐marinobufagenin antibody once on week 7 of diet intervention (n=7 per group). Levels of marinobufagenin, LV, and kidney mRNAs and proteins implicated in profibrotic signaling were assessed. Systolic blood pressure was elevated (211±8 versus 133±3 mm Hg,
P
<0.01), marinobufagenin increased 2‐fold in plasma (
P
<0.05) and 5‐fold in urine (
P
<0.01), LV and kidney weights increased, and levels of LV collagen‐1 rose 3.5‐fold in HSC versus LSC. Anti‐marinobufagenin antibody treatment decreased systolic blood pressure by 24 mm Hg (
P
<0.01) and reduced organ weights and level of LV collagen‐1 (
P
<0.01) in hypertensive Dahl salt‐sensitive rats with anti‐marinobufagenin antibody versus HSC. The expression of genes related to transforming growth factor‐β–dependent signaling was upregulated in the left ventricles and kidneys in HSC versus LSC groups and became downregulated following administration of anti‐marinobufagenin antibody to hypertensive Dahl‐S rats. Marinobufagenin also activated transforming growth factor‐β signaling in cultured ventricular myocytes from Dahl‐S rats.

Conclusions

Immunoneutralization of heightened marinobufagenin levels in hypertensive Dahl‐S rats resulted in a downregulation of genes implicated in transforming growth factor‐β pathway, which indicates that marinobufagenin is an activator of profibrotic transforming growth factor‐β–dependent signaling in salt‐sensitive hypertension.
Interplay of Objective Sleep Duration and Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases on Cause‐Specific Mortality
Authors: Fernandez‐Mendoza Julio , He Fan , Vgontzas Alexandros N. , Liao Duanping , Bixler Edward O.
Published: October 2019

Background

Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (
CBVDs
) and cancer are leading causes of death. Short sleep is a potential contributor to health; however, its role in predicting mortality associated with cardiometabolic risk factors (
CMRs
) and
CBVD
remains poorly understood. We tested whether objective short sleep duration increases the risk of mortality associated with
CMRs
and
CBVD
.

Methods and Results

A total of 1654 adults (aged 20–74 years) from the Penn State Adult Cohort (47.5 years, 52.5% women, and 89.8% white) whose cause of death was determined after 19.2 years (5.2 years).
CMR
was defined as stage 2 hypertension and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus on the basis of blood pressure and glucose levels or a report of diagnosis or treatment for these conditions.
CBVD
was defined as a report of diagnosis or treatment for heart disease and/or stroke. Objective short sleep duration was defined as polysomnographic total sleep time <6 hours. Cox proportional hazard models estimated multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratios (
HRs
) and 95%
CI
s. Risk of all‐cause mortality associated with
CMR
or
CBVD
was significantly modified by objective sleep duration (
P
<0.05), and it was significantly higher in subjects who slept <6 hours (
HR,
2.14 [95%
CI,
1.52–3.02] and
HR,
3.17 [95%
CI
=2.16–4.65], respectively). In subjects who slept <6 hours,
CMR
was associated with a 1.83 higher (95%
CI,
1.07–3.13) risk of
CBVD
mortality and
CBVD
with a 2.92 higher (95%
CI,
1.28–6.65) risk of cancer mortality. In subjects who slept ≥6 hours,
CMR
was not significantly associated with
CBVD
mortality (
HR,
1.35; 95%
CI,
0.70–2.63) nor was
CBVD
significantly associated with cancer mortality (
HR,
0.55; 95%
CI
, 0.18–1.64).

Conclusions

Objective short sleep duration predicts the all‐cause mortality prognosis of middle‐aged adults with
CMR
and the cancer‐specific mortality prognosis of those with
CBVD
.
Experience and Experimentation: Medicine, Psychiatry and Experimental Psychology in Paul Janet
Authors: Vincenti Denise
Published: October 2019

This essay focuses on the meaning that the term “experimental” acquires within spiritualism during the second half of the nineteenth century. It builds upon Paul Janet’s notions of “experience” and “experimentation” in psychology, by stressing the role of physiology and pathology in his reflection. Regardless of the role the concept of “experimentalism” took on in Victor Cousin’s psychology, which arguably indicated more an “internal affection” than actual experimentation, in Janet’s spiritualism the term regains its original meaning of empirical verification. Janet highlights the importance of madness to the development of a new psychological paradigm that could reconcile philosophy and medicine, reason and experience, by taking up pathology as a form of natural and indirect experimentation.
Spanish Islam in Arabic Script
Authors: Colominas Aparicio Mònica
Published: October 2019

The present study discusses language as a tool of identity construction by Muslims from the Late Medieval and Early Modern Christian Iberian Peninsula who could practice Islam by law in exchange for paying taxes (Mudejars). Their writings, as well as those of the group who were later forced to convert to Christianity (Moriscos), are in various languages and scripts. The Arabic (Aljamiado) used to transcribe Romance is distinctive and abundant evidence of it is left from the later Morisco period. The earlier uses of language by the Mudejars are nonetheless essential to understand how Muslims negotiated their community boundaries within a Christian majority society. My analysis will concentrate on two Mudejar polemics against the Christians and the Jews, which were most likely composed in fourteenth-century Aragon. In these works, approaches to language and the interplay of Arabic—both as a target language and as a script—with Romance escape discrete definitions of religion and culture.1
Meistera caudata and Meistera sudae (Zingiberaceae: Alpinieae), two new ginger species from Bidoup-Núi Bà National Park, southern Vietnam

Authors: ŠÍDA OTAKAR , KUZNETSOV ANDREY , KUZNETSOVA SVETLANA , RYBKA VLASTIK , RYBKOVÁ ROMANA , LƯU HỒNG TRƯỜNG , NURALIEV MAXIM , LEONG-ŠKORNIČKOVÁ JANA
Published: October 2019

Two new ginger species, Meistera caudata and Meistera sudae (Zingiberaceae: Alpinieae) from Bidoup-Núi Bà National Park in southern Vietnam, are presented here. Descriptions, notes on distribution, ecology and phenology, preliminary IUCN assessments and colour plates are provided for each newly described species. A new combination Meistera cristatissima, based on Amomum cristatissimum, is also proposed. A previously proposed IUCN preliminary assessment is amended using information from additional collections, and the new extent of known distribution of the species is discussed.
Heterostemma barikiana (Apocyanceae, Asclepiadoideae), a new species from India, Myanmar and Thailand

Authors: AGNIHOTRI PRIYANKA , HUSAIN DANISH , KATIYAR PUSHPENDRA , SAHOO DINABANDHU , RODDA MICHELE , HUSAIN TARIQ
Published: October 2019

A new species of Heterostemma, H. barikiana, is described and illustrated. The new species is similar to Heterostemma xuansonense in the absent or very reduced peduncle and in the presence of a pubescent staminal corona.
A new species of Dendrobium (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae: Malaxideae) described from previously perplexing specimens of the Seidenfaden collection

Authors: PHUEAKKHLAI ORPORN , SUDDEE SOMRAN , HODKINSON TREVOR R. , SUNGKAEW SARAWOOD , PEDERSEN HENRIK Æ.
Published: October 2019

A previously unrecognized species represented by six spirit samples in the collection of the late Gunnar Seidenfaden, pioneering Danish explorer of the Thai orchid flora, is newly described. It is evident that Seidenfaden was perplexed by the material, as three different species names can be observed on the labels (often accompanied by question marks or indications such as “probably”): D. fimbriatum, D. gibsonii and D. chryseum. In our view, the new species has the strongest morphological resemblance to D. fimbriatum, but it differs in characters of the stems, leaves, lateral sepals, petals and labellum. We describe the new species as D. perplexum, the epithet referring to the previously perplexing properties of the material. So far, D. perplexum is only known from NE Thailand, but as the confirmed Thai localities are close to the Laotian border, future finds in Laos might be expected.
Adopting Citizen Observations in Operational Weather Prediction
Authors: Nipen Thomas N. , Seierstad Ivar A. , Lussana Cristian , Kristiansen Jørn , Hov Øystein
Published: October 2019

Citizen weather stations are rapidly increasing in prevalence and are becoming an emerging source of weather information. These low-cost consumer-grade devices provide observations in real time and form parts of dense networks that capture high-resolution meteorological information. Despite these benefits, their adoption into operational weather prediction systems has been slow. However, MET Norway recently introduced observations from Netatmo’s network of weather stations in the postprocessing of near-surface temperature forecasts for Scandinavia, Finland, and the Baltic countries. The observations are used to continually correct errors in the weather model output caused by unresolved features such as cold pools, inversions, urban heat islands, and an intricate coastline. Corrected forecasts are issued every hour. Integrating citizen observations into operational systems comes with a number of challenges. First, operational systems must be robust and therefore rely on strict quality control procedures to filter out unreliable measurements. Second, postprocessing methods must be selected and tuned to make use of the high-resolution data that at times can contain conflicting information. Central to resolving these challenges is the need to use the massive redundancy of citizen observations, with up to dozens of observations per square kilometer, and treating the data source as a network rather than a collection of individual stations. We present our experiences with introducing citizen observations into the operational production chain of automated public weather forecasts. Their inclusion shows a clear improvement to the accuracy of short-term temperature forecasts, especially in areas where existing professional stations are sparse.
Systematic analysis of severity in a widely used cognitive depression model for mice
Authors: Mallien Anne S , Häger Christine , Palme Rupert , Talbot Steven R , Vogt Miriam A , Pfeiffer Natascha , Brandwein Christiane , Struve Birgitta , Inta Dragos , Chourbaji Sabine , Hellweg Rainer , Vollmayr Barbara , Bleich Andre , Gass Peter
Published: October 2019

Animal models in psychiatric research are indispensable for insights into mechanisms of behaviour and mental disorders. Distress is an important aetiological factor in psychiatric diseases, especially depression, and is often used to mimic the human condition. Modern bioethics requires balancing scientific progress with animal welfare concerns. Therefore, scientifically based severity assessment of procedures is a prerequisite for choosing the least compromising paradigm according to the 3Rs principle. Evidence-based severity assessment in psychiatric animal models is scarce, particularly in depression research. Here, we assessed severity in a cognitive depression model by analysing indicators of stress and well-being, including physiological (body weight and corticosterone metabolite concentrations) and behavioural (nesting and burrowing behaviour) parameters. Additionally, a novel approach for objective individualised severity grading was employed using clustering of voluntary wheel running (VWR) behaviour. Exposure to the paradigm evoked a transient elevation of corticosterone, but neither affected body weight, nesting or burrowing behaviour. However, the performance in VWR was impaired after recurrent stress exposure, and the individual severity level increased, indicating that this method is more sensitive in detecting compromised welfare. Interestingly, the direct comparison to a somatic, chemically induced colitis model indicates less distress in the depression model. Further objective severity assessment studies are needed to classify the severity of psychiatric animal models in order to balance validity and welfare, reduce the stress load and thus promote refinement.
Intercultural exchanges in South Africa: Exploring music teacher experiences, understandings, and practices
Authors: Walling Catherine Bennett
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine the experiences of four US music educators during and after a 3-week adult choir camp in South Africa. Findings reveal that the camp positively influenced music teacher understandings and practices, both during and after the exchange. Throughout the camp, participants navigated race, privilege and prejudice and expressed value for a vast array of shared experiences with choir mates, teachers, and homestays. Participants reflected regularly on processes of learning new musics, describing growth through authentic and at times challenging activities. Furthermore, all participants recognized that firsthand experiences were essential to deep learning. During the camp, all participants expressed hopes of bringing new ideas and music home; 2 months after returning to their classrooms, 3 of the 4 participants reported the teaching of South African songs along with modified pedagogical approaches. Ultimately, participants shared that the trip had impacted them in various personal ways, noting increased tolerance, patience, kindness, confidence and hope.
Fluid kinship: Race, power, and the hydrosocial order of water flow along New Mexico’s acequias
Authors: Jaramillo Elise T
Published: October 2019

In New Mexico, the marketization of water rights, urbanization, and the legacies of colonialism divide neighbors and pit them against one another over water. New Mexico’s acequias (community irrigation ditches) are organized by water flow, and the physical and interpersonal connections that enable it and are enabled by it. I examine the way that the social and material reality of water flow troubles deeply embedded racial and socioeconomic divisions by creating what I call fluid kinship: a social space that flows like an acequia, according to a topography of human relationships. Based on participant observation and in-depth interviews with acequia users in New Mexico, I elucidate how fluid kinship can reshape the terms of water conflict into unexpected configurations. By drawing attention to fluid kinship, I seek to elucidate the potentiality of the acequia as a counter-geography of relatedness and possible reconciliation.
Integrin α5β1 inhibition by ATN-161 reduces neuroinflammation and is neuroprotective in ischemic stroke
Authors: Edwards Danielle N , Salmeron Kathleen , Lukins Douglas E , Trout Amanda L , Fraser Justin F , Bix Gregory J
Published: October 2019

Stroke remains a leading cause of death and disability with limited therapeutic options. Endothelial cell β1 integrin receptors play a direct role in blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction through regulation of tight junction proteins and infiltrating leukocytes, potentially mediated by β1 integrins. Following tandem transient common carotid artery/middle cerebral artery occlusion on wild-type mice, we administered the integrin a5b1 inhibitor, ATN-161, intraperitoneal (IP) injection at 1 mg/kg acutely after reperfusion, on post-stroke day (PSD)1 and PSD2. Systemic changes (heart rate, pulse distension, and body temperature) were determined. Additionally, infarct volume and edema were determined by 2,3-triphenyltetrazolium chloride and magnetic resonance imaging, while neurological changes were evaluated using an 11-point Neuroscore. Brain immunohistochemistry was performed for claudin-5, α5β1, IgG, and CD45 + cells, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was performed for matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), interleukin (IL)-1β, collagen IV, and CXCL12. ATN-161 significantly reduced integrin α5β1 expression in the surrounding peri-infarct region with no systemic changes. Infarct volume, edema, and functional deficit were significantly reduced in ATN-161-treated mice. Furthermore, ATN-161 treatment reduced IgG extravasation into the parenchyma through conserved claudin-5, collagen IV, CXCL12 while reducing MMP-9 transcription. Additionally, IL-1β and CD45 + cells were reduced in the ipsilateral cortex following ATN-161 administration. Collectively, ATN-161 may be a promising novel stroke therapy by reducing post-stroke inflammation and BBB permeability.
Efficiency optimisation of advanced gas turbine recuperative-cycles
Authors: Bontempo R , Manna M
Published: October 2019

The paper presents a theoretical analysis of three advanced gas turbine recuperative-cycles, that is, the intercooled, the reheat and the intercooled and reheat cycles. The internal irreversibilities, which characterise the compression and expansion processes, are taken into account through the polytropic efficiencies of the compressors and turbines. As customary in simplified analytical approaches, the study is carried out for an uncooled closed-circuit gas turbine without pressure losses in the heat exchangers and using a calorically perfect gas as working fluid. Although the accurate performance prediction of a real-gas turbine is prevented by these simplifying assumptions, this analysis provides a fast and simple approach which can be used to theoretically explain the main features of the three advanced cycles and to compare them highlighting pros and contra. The effect of the heat recuperation is investigated comparing the thermal efficiency of a given cycle type with those of two reference cycles, namely, the non-recuperative version of the analysed cycle and the simple cycle. As a result, the ranges of the intermediate pressure ratios returning a benefit in the thermal efficiency in comparison with the two reference cycles have been obtained for the first time. Finally, for the sole intercooled and reheat recuperative-cycle, a novel analytical expression for the intermediate pressure ratios yielding the maximum thermal efficiency is also given.
Simple dose-escalation regimen for hydroxychloroquine-induced hypersensitivity reaction in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus enabled treatment resumption
Authors: Takamasu E , Yokogawa N , Shimada K , Sugii S
Published: October 2019

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the risk factors of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ)-induced hypersensitivity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to propose a simple dose-escalation regimen in cases of mild HCQ-induced hypersensitivity.

Methods

We identified patients with SLE who started HCQ between 2009 and 2018 and cases of HCQ-induced hypersensitivity by reviewing the electronic medical charts. A simple dose-escalation regimen, starting at 40 mg/day with weekly increments of 40 mg/day to 200 mg/day, was used in patients with HCQ-induced hypersensitivity who did not require hospitalization or systemic steroid therapy. We then compared the clinical parameters of patients with and without HCQ-induced hypersensitivity and evaluated the success of our dose-escalation regimen.

Results

We enrolled 302 patients with SLE and identified 25 cases of HCQ-induced eruption (8.3%). The mean Naranjo score of these patients was 5.1 ± 1.4 (min 3, max 8), and all 25 patients received a ‘possible’ (9) or ‘probable’ (16) score. A mild, generalized, maculopapular rash occurred in 24 patients, and urticaria occurred in one patient at 24 days (interquartile range 15–40 days) after the start of treatment. The proportion of cyclophosphamide use, glucocorticoid consisting of prednisolone 20 mg/day or more, and initiation of SMX-TMP within 28 days were higher in patients with skin eruptions. On multivariate analysis, only cyclophosphamide use was identified as a risk factor of HCQ-induced hypersensitivity (odds ratio = 12.3 (95% confidential interval 1.4–14.3)). Thirteen of the 14 patients on the dose-escalation regimen (92.9%) tolerated continued HCQ treatment. One patient re-experienced eruptions on day 10 day after starting HCQ.

Conclusions

Mild late reactions are common in HCQ-induced hypersensitivity. A simpler dose-escalation regimen enables safe and easier reintroduction of HCQ but should not be applied to patients with immediate reactions or moderate late reactions.
Acceptability of risk-stratified breast screening: Effect of the order of presenting risk and benefit information
Authors: Ghanouni Alex , Waller Jo , Stoffel Sandro T , Vlaev Ivo , von Wagner Christian
Published: October 2019

Objective

To test whether reduced-frequency risk-stratified breast screening would be perceived more favourably by transposing the order of information on benefits and risks.

Methods

After reading vignettes describing non-stratified three-yearly screening and a risk-stratified alternative with five-yearly invitations for women at low risk, 698 women completed an online survey. Participants were allocated at random to information on screening benefits followed by risks, or vice versa, and asked to state preferences for either screening system. Participants also rated perceived magnitude of screening benefits and risks, and breast cancer susceptibility.

Results

Binomial logistic regression did not find order effects on preferences (p = 0.533) or perceived benefits of screening (p = 0.780). Perceived screening risks were greater when risks were presented first (p < 0.0005). Greater perceived susceptibility was associated with lower proportions preferring risk-stratified screening (15% vs. 39% in highest and lowest groups; p = 0.002), as were greater perceived screening benefits (e.g. 13% vs. 45% in highest and lowest groups; p < 0.0005).

Conclusions

No information order effect on preferences was observed. Information order did affect screening risk perceptions. Efforts to improve perceptions may need to be more intensive than those tested. Women perceiving themselves as high risk or perceiving greater benefits of screening may be particularly averse to less frequent screening.
Identity in heterogeneous socio-cultural contexts: Implications of the Native American master narrative
Authors: Dvorakova Antonie
Published: October 2019

This interdisciplinary conceptual study discusses significant implications for psychological functioning of the heterogeneous historically based socio-cultural contexts that are intrinsic to different societies and cultures. Promoting deeper inquiry into the complexity of diversity viewed as a resource, this article elucidates its propositions by examples using observable circumstances concerning various populations, previous literature relevant to the topic, and selected findings from research conducted with 40 Native American academics. In particular, this article contributes novel insights concerning the importance for identity construction and experiencing of the fact that the status of Native American tribal nations is politically and legally unique, and their situation historically and socio-culturally in many regards different from that of ethnic minority populations. Correspondingly, master narratives that fundamentally favor either full inclusion into the dominant society or the idea of tribal sovereignty and self-determination seem to facilitate distinct ways of construction and experiencing of qualitatively different identities. Some of these are conducive to constructive interpretation, integration, and coping within mutually incongruent socio-cultural contexts. Master narratives that carry such potential under adverse circumstances constitute an important asset within the contemporary ever more diverse, yet interconnected societies.
Investigation on the effective parameters of through-the-width crack propagation in ceramic coatings due to substrate tension using discrete element method
Authors: Ghasemi MA , Falahatgar SR
Published: October 2019

This paper aims to simulate surface cracking and interfacial delamination in ceramic coatings due to their application in different industries. For this purpose, one of the most widely used ceramics, yttrium-stabilized zirconia, which is used as a thermal insulator for superalloy substrate is considered as a case study. Discrete element method was used, due to its great ability to capture the damages at the microscale, to investigate the effect of crack spacing and coating thickness on crack initiation and propagation. Discrete element method solver code is provided by the authors. To investigate damages, a unit cell of the structure between two successive surface cracks was considered. The length of the unit cell represents the crack density in the structure. In addition, for each unit cell length, three coating thicknesses were considered. The results of the current study were compared and validated with those experiments and numerical simulation results presented in the open literature. Good agreement was found. Finally, the effect of interface roughness on stress distribution and damage initiation was examined.
Relative age, maturation, anthropometry and physical performance characteristics of players within an Elite Youth Football Academy
Authors: Patel Rickesh , Nevill Alan , Cloak Ross , Smith Tina , Wyon Matthew
Published: October 2019

A professional English football club with Category 1 academy status was investigated to determine the magnitude of relative age effects (RAE) within the club and explore between-quartile differences for somatic maturity, anthropometry and physical performances. Birth dates of 426 players from Under 9 to First Team were categorised into four birth quartiles (Q) and examined for relative age effects. Additionally, data on 382 players (Under 11 to First Team) were obtained for somatic maturity, anthropometry, countermovement jump, sprint (10 and 30 m), agility T-test and Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Level 1 or 2 performance to determine between-quartile differences. Odds ratios revealed Q1 players were 6.0 times more likely to be represented than Q4 players. Multilevel modelling demonstrated between birth quartile similarities for each variable across all age groups, though there was a tendency for Q4 players to outperform Q1 players between Under 11 and Under 18 groups. Strong relative age effects exist within this club as well as a tendency to select players demonstrating advanced growth and/or maturity, with some indication that higher categorised academies in England may be at risk of amplified selection biases. Talent identification strategies in elite youth football should actively seek to adopt novel approaches to reduce selection biases and avoid wasted potential.
Benzodiazepines: Dependence and addiction in general practice
Authors: Gleeson Denise
Published: October 2019

Benzodiazepines are only recommended for short periods (2–4 weeks), yet there is evidence of substantial long-term use across the UK. Poor availability of services is one major challenge in supporting withdrawal. Confusion about terminology can lead to inaccurate or inadequate diagnosis of benzodiazepine dependence and addiction, and sub-optimal management of these patients. This article provides an overview of benzodiazepines, diagnostic criteria and available management strategies.
Career choices for obstetrics and gynaecology: recent updates from 40 years of national surveys of UK medical graduates
Authors: Lambert Trevor W , Smith Fay , Goldacre Michael J
Published: October 2019

Summary

Objective

To report doctors' early career choices for obstetrics and gynaecology, their eventual career destinations and factors influencing their career pathways.

Design

Multi-cohort multi-purpose national questionnaire surveys of medical graduates in selected graduation years between 1974 and 2015.

Setting

UK.

Participants

UK-trained medical graduates.

Main outcome measures

Career specialty choices; certainty about specialty choice; factors which influenced doctors' career choices; career specialty destinations 10 years after graduation.

Results

Obstetrics and Gynaecology was the first choice of career for 5.7% of post-2002 graduates in year 1, 4.3% in year 3 and 3.8% in year 5. A much higher percentage of women than men specified Obstetrics and Gynaecology as their first choice: in year 1, 7.7% of women and 2.3% of men did so. The gender gap has widened since the 1970s and 1980s. In recent years, of those who specified Obstetrics and Gynaecology as their first choice in year 1 after graduation, 48% were working in Obstetrics and Gynaecology in year 10 (63% of men, 45% of women). Looking backwards from career destinations, 85% of doctors working in Obstetrics and Gynaecology in year 10 had specified Obstetrics and Gynaecology as a first, second or third choice of preferred career in year 1.

Conclusions

Interest in Obstetrics and Gynaecology among UK graduates appears to be exceeding the demand for new specialists. Policy needs to address risks of over-production of trainees and ensure that some graduates interested in Obstetrics and Gynaecology consider alternative careers. The large gender imbalance should encourage consideration of the reasons for men choosing Obstetrics and Gynaecology in falling numbers.
The Turker Blues: Hidden Factors Behind Increased Depression Rates Among Amazon’s Mechanical Turkers
Authors: Ophir Yaakov , Sisso Itay , Asterhan Christa S. C. , Tikochinski Refael , Reichart Roi
Published: October 2019

Data collection from online platforms, such as Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk), has become popular in clinical research. However, there are also concerns about the representativeness and the quality of these data for clinical studies. The present work explores these issues in the specific case of major depression. Analyses of two large data sets gathered from MTurk (Sample 1: N = 2,692; Sample 2: N = 2,354) revealed two major findings: First, failing to screen for inattentive and fake respondents inflates the rates of major depression artificially and significantly (by 18.5%–27.5%). Second, after cleaning the data sets, depression in MTurk is still 1.6 to 3.6 times higher than general population estimates. Approximately half of this difference can be attributed to differences in the composition of MTurk samples and the general population (i.e., sociodemographics, health, and physical activity lifestyle). Several explanations for the other half are proposed, and practical data-quality tools are provided.
Popular Music Media Literacy: Recommendations for the Education Curriculum
Authors: Wright Chrysalis L. , Dillman Carpentier Francesca , Ey Lesley-Ann , Hall Cougar , Hopper K. Megan , Warburton Wayne
Published: October 2019

Advances in technology have made music more readily accessible and geographic distance irrelevant in dissemination of music. Greater access to popular music has resulted in greater consumption by both children and adolescents. Popular music in the United States may contain the most sexual content, compared with other forms of media. Exposure to such content is associated with the development of gender ideals and identity, objectification and sexualization of women, permissive sexual attitudes and risky sexual behaviors, as well as greater acceptance of sexual and gendered violence. Even so, current education standards do not include media literacy, much less popular music media literacy, and do not prepare children for best practices related to media consumption. Some of the inadequacies in current education standards include introducing education about media influence on personal development at an age far later than children’s engagement with contemporary media, avoidance of controversial topics, and not making this education compulsory. Considering the lack of media literacy provided in the curriculum, we outline specific foundational curricular recommendations related to media education and specifically for popular music media literacy.
How Educational Settings Inform Latino Student Identity and Achievement
Authors: López Francesca
Published: October 2019

Education research and policies focused on addressing achievement disparities among Latino youth often reflect discriminatory perspectives that assume deficiencies in Latino youth. To inform future efforts, this article briefly reviews research on academic and racial/ethnic identity formation for Latino youth and the role of educational settings in promoting Latino identity and achievement. Notably, educational contexts that incorporate asset-based pedagogy promote academic and racial/ethnic identities for Latino youth, which predict academic achievement. The research suggests developmentally appropriate ways teachers can engage with families and students to promote Latino youths’ identity. Given that research often informs policy, the work reviewed here applies to both research and practice, with implications for professional research organizations, research standards, and policies that inform teacher preparation.
Repurposing Standardized Testing for Educational Equity:: Can Geographical Bias and Adversity Scores Expand True College Access?
Authors: González Canché Manuel S.
Published: October 2019

Recent Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) criminal charges involving standardized testing have renewed public scrutiny over the tests’ role in reproducing inequities and wealth-based privileges. Although some continue to call for the eradication of standardized testing, this article presents a different perspective with a threefold purpose. First it provides a critical review of the existing literature on standardized testing including the newest development: geographical bias in testing or the systemic and systematic ways in which place-based resources influence test-takers’ performance. Second, it discusses the goals and consequences of the College Board’s recently unveiled “adversity score,” designed as a tool to “boost admission prospects” of students facing additional challenges in their neighborhoods and schools. Finally, it offers a conceptual and methodological framework and policy insights to shift the role of these tests as reproducers of inequalities to enhancers of equity and opportunity into what is termed true college access: enrollment with realistic prospects of success.
A prospective observational study of 915 patients with systemic AL amyloidosis treated with upfront bortezomib
Authors: Manwani Richa , Cohen Oliver , Sharpley Faye , Mahmood Shameem , Sachchithanantham Sajitha , Foard Darren , Lachmann Helen J. , Quarta Cristina , Fontana Marianna , Gillmore Julian D. , Whelan Carol , Hawkins Philip N. , Wechalekar Ashutosh D.
Published: October 2019

This article reports the largest series of patients with systemic AL amyloidosis to date treated with first-line bortezomib. With relatively mature follow-up, the data indicate the importance of a stringent dFLC response (difference in involved and uninvolved light chains) as a predictor of prolonged response.
Comparisons of two diaphragm ultrasound-teaching programs: a multicenter randomized controlled educational study
Authors: Garofalo Eugenio , Bruni Andrea , Pelaia Corrado , Landoni Giovanni , Zangrillo Alberto , Antonelli Massimo , Conti Giorgio , Biasucci Daniele Guerino , Mercurio Giovanna , Cortegiani Andrea , Giarratano Antonino , Vetrugno Luigi , Bove Tiziana , Forfori Francesco , Corradi Francesco , Vaschetto Rosanna , Cammarota Gianmaria , Astuto Marinella , Murabito Paolo , Bellini Valentina , Zambon Massimo , Longhini Federico , Navalesi Paolo , Bignami Elena
Published: October 2019

Background

This study aims to ascertain whether (1) an educational program is sufficient to achieve adequate Diaphragm Ultrasound (DUS) assessments on healthy volunteers and (2) combining a video tutorial with a practical session is more effective in making learners capable to obtain accurate DUS measurements, as opposed to sole video tutorial.

Results

We enrolledstep 1: 172 volunteers naïve to ultrasound. After watching a video tutorial, a questionnaire was administered and considered to be passed when at least 70% of the questions were correctly answered. Course participants who passed the theoretical test were randomized to either intervention or control group. Learners randomized to the interventional group underwent to a practical training, tutored by an expert, before accessing DUS examination. Participants randomized to the control group directly accessed DUS examination, without any practical training. DUS measurements by learners and tutors were recorded and checked for accuracy, according to predefined criteria. Detection of both acoustic windows and accurate DUS assessment was achieved by 83.7% learners of the intervention group while 3.5% only among controls (p < 0.0001). The subcostal view of the diaphragm was correctly identified by 92% and 65% learners in the intervention and control groups, respectively (p < 0.0001) while the apposition zone by 86% and 71% learners, respectively (p = 0.026). An accurate diaphragm displacement (DD) measurement was obtained by 91% and 45% learners in the intervention and control groups, respectively (p < 0.0001) while an accurate thickening fraction (TF) measurement by 99% and 21%, respectively (p < 0.0001). DD measurements by both groups of learners were significantly correlated with those assessed by expert tutors; however, a significant improvement of measurement accuracy was found in learners randomized to receive also the practical training, compared to controls.

Conclusions

A combined approach consisting of a theoretical module followed by a practical training is more effective in managing acoustic windows and performing accurate measurements when compared to an exclusively theoretical course.

Trial registration prospectively registered on clinicaltrials.gov (Identifier: NCT03704129; release date 17th October 2018).
Human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells improve the follicular microenvironment to recover ovarian function in premature ovarian failure mice
Authors: Liu Rongxia , Zhang Xiaoyu , Fan Zhenhai , Wang Yuying , Yao Guanping , Wan Xue , Liu Zulin , Yang Bing , Yu Limei
Published: October 2019

Background

Many adult women younger than 40 years old have premature ovarian failure (POF) and infertility. Previous studies confirmed that different tissue-derived stem cells could restore ovarian function and folliculogenesis in chemotherapy-induced POF mice. The aim of this study was to explore the therapeutic efficacy and underlying mechanisms of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) transplantation for hydrogen peroxide-induced ovarian damage.

Methods

Bilateral ovaries of female mice were burned with 10% hydrogen peroxide to establish a POF model. After 24 h of treatment, hAMSCs and diethylstilbestrol were administered to POF mice by intraperitoneal injection and intragastric administration, respectively. After either 7 or 14 days, ovarian function was evaluated by the oestrus cycle, hormone levels, ovarian index, fertility rate, and ovarian morphology. The karyotype was identified in offspring by the G-banding technique. hAMSCs tracking, immunohistochemical staining, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to assess the molecular mechanisms of injury and repair.

Results

The oestrus cycle was recovered after hAMSCs transplantation at 7 and 14 days. Oestrogen levels increased, while follicle-stimulating hormone levels decreased. The ovarian index, fertility rate, and population of follicles at different stages were significantly increased. The newborn mice had no obvious deformity and showed normal growth and development. The normal offspring mice were also fertile. The tracking of hAMSCs revealed that they colonized in the ovarian stroma. Immunohistochemical and PCR analyses indicated that changes in proteins and genes might affect mature follicle formation.

Conclusions

These results suggested that hAMSCs transplantation can improve injured ovarian tissue structure and function in oxidatively damaged POF mice. Furthermore, the mechanisms of hAMSCs are related to promoting follicular development, granulosa cell proliferation, and secretion function by improving the local microenvironment of the ovary.