bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plasmodium vivax chloroquine resistance links to pvcrt transcription in a genetic cross
Authors: Sá Juliana M. , Kaslow Sarah R. , Moraes Barros Roberto R. , Brazeau Nicholas F. , Parobek Christian M. , Tao Dingyin , Salzman Rebecca E. , Gibson Tyler J. , Velmurugan Soundarapandian , Krause Michael A. , Melendez-Muniz Viviana , Kite Whitney A. , Han Paul K. , Eastman Richard T. , Kim Adam , Kessler Evan G. , Abebe Yonas , James Eric R. , Chakravarty Sumana , Orr-Gonzalez Sachy , Lambert Lynn E. , Engels Theresa , Thomas Marvin L. , Fasinu Pius S. , Serre David , Gwadz Robert W. , Walker Larry , DeConti Derrick K. , Mu Jianbing , Bailey Jeffrey A. , Sim B. Kim Lee , Hoffman Stephen L. , Fay Michael P. , Dinglasan Rhoel R. , Juliano Jonathan J. , Wellems Thomas E.
Published: September 2019

Mainstay treatment forPlasmodium vivaxmalaria has long relied on chloroquine (CQ) against blood-stage parasites plus primaquine against dormant liver-stage forms (hypnozoites), however drug resistance confronts this regimen and threatens malaria control programs. Understanding the basis ofP. vivaxchloroquine resistance (CQR) will inform drug discovery and malaria control. Here we investigate the genetics ofP. vivaxCQR by a cross of parasites differing in drug response. Gametocytogenesis, mosquito infection, and progeny production are performed with mixed parasite populations in nonhuman primates, as methods forP. vivaxcloning and in vitro cultivation remain unavailable. Linkage mapping of progeny surviving >15 mg/kg CQ identifies a 76 kb region in chromosome 1 includingpvcrt, an ortholog of thePlasmodium falciparumCQR transporter gene. Transcriptional analysis supports upregulatedpvcrtexpression as a mechanism of CQR.
Endogenous nicotinamide riboside metabolism protects against diet-induced liver damage
Authors: Sambeat Audrey , Ratajczak Joanna , Joffraud Magali , Sanchez-Garcia José L. , Giner Maria P. , Valsesia Armand , Giroud-Gerbetant Judith , Valera-Alberni Miriam , Cercillieux Angelique , Boutant Marie , Kulkarni Sameer S. , Moco Sofia , Canto Carles
Published: September 2019

Supplementation with the NAD+ precursor nicotinamide riboside (NR) ameliorates and prevents a broad array of metabolic and aging disorders in mice. However, little is known about the physiological role of endogenous NR metabolism. We have previously shown that NR kinase 1 (NRK1) is rate-limiting and essential for NR-induced NAD+ synthesis in hepatic cells. To understand the relevance of hepatic NR metabolism, we generated whole body and liver-specific NRK1 knockout mice. Here, we show that NRK1 deficiency leads to decreased gluconeogenic potential and impaired mitochondrial function. Upon high-fat feeding, NRK1 deficient mice develop glucose intolerance, insulin resistance and hepatosteatosis. Furthermore, they are more susceptible to diet-induced liver DNA damage, due to compromised PARP1 activity. Our results demonstrate that endogenous NR metabolism is critical to sustain hepatic NAD+ levels and hinder diet-induced metabolic damage, highlighting the relevance of NRK1 as a therapeutic target for metabolic disorders.
Extinction debts and colonization credits of non-forest plants in the European Alps
Authors: Rumpf Sabine B. , Hülber Karl , Wessely Johannes , Willner Wolfgang , Moser Dietmar , Gattringer Andreas , Klonner Günther , Zimmermann Niklaus E. , Dullinger Stefan
Published: September 2019

Mountain plant species shift their elevational ranges in response to climate change. However, to what degree these shifts lag behind current climate change, and to what extent delayed extinctions and colonizations contribute to these shifts, are under debate. Here, we calculate extinction debt and colonization credit of 135 species from the European Alps by comparing species distribution models with 1576 re-surveyed plots. We find extinction debt in 60% and colonization credit in 38% of the species, and at least one of the two in 93%. This suggests that the realized niche of very few of the 135 species fully tracks climate change. As expected, extinction debts occur below and colonization credits occur above the optimum elevation of species. Colonization credits are more frequent in warmth-demanding species from lower elevations with lower dispersal capability, and extinction debts are more frequent in cold-adapted species from the highest elevations. Local extinctions hence appear to be already pending for those species which have the least opportunity to escape climate warming.
Diagnosis and management of Guillain–Barré syndrome in ten steps
Authors: Leonhard Sonja E. , Mandarakas Melissa R. , Gondim Francisco A. A. , Bateman Kathleen , Ferreira Maria L. B. , Cornblath David R. , van Doorn Pieter A. , Dourado Mario E. , Hughes Richard A. C. , Islam Badrul , Kusunoki Susumu , Pardo Carlos A. , Reisin Ricardo , Sejvar James J. , Shahrizaila Nortina , Soares Cristiane , Umapathi Thirugnanam , Wang Yuzhong , Yiu Eppie M. , Willison Hugh J. , Jacobs Bart C.
Published: September 2019

Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare, but potentially fatal, immune-mediated disease of the peripheral nerves and nerve roots that is usually triggered by infections. The incidence of GBS can therefore increase during outbreaks of infectious diseases, as was seen during the Zika virus epidemics in 2013 in French Polynesia and 2015 in Latin America. Diagnosis and management of GBS can be complicated as its clinical presentation and disease course are heterogeneous, and no international clinical guidelines are currently available. To support clinicians, especially in the context of an outbreak, we have developed a globally applicable guideline for the diagnosis and management of GBS. The guideline is based on current literature and expert consensus, and has a ten-step structure to facilitate its use in clinical practice. We first provide an introduction to the diagnostic criteria, clinical variants and differential diagnoses of GBS. The ten steps then cover early recognition and diagnosis of GBS, admission to the intensive care unit, treatment indication and selection, monitoring and treatment of disease progression, prediction of clinical course and outcome, and management of complications and sequelae.
No evidence for altered plasma NGF and BDNF levels in fibromyalgia patients
Authors: Baumeister David , Eich Wolfgang , Saft Silvia , Geisel Olga , Hellweg Rainer , Finn Anja , Svensson Camilla I. , Tesarz Jonas
Published: September 2019

There has been a surging interest in the putative role of peripheral growth factors in the pathophysiology of fibromyalgia, specifically in the peripheral sensitization that occurs in chronic pain disorders. This cross-sectional study set out to assess and compare brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) in plasma samples from fibromyalgia patients and healthy controls. Plasma BDNF and NGF were measured in 89 fibromyalgia patients and 36 pain-free controls, and compared using ANCOVA controlling for potential confounders, as well as Bayesian methods for parameter estimation and model evaluation. BDNF and NGF levels in fibromyalgia patients did not differ from those in pain-free controls. Statistical methods were consistent, with both frequentist and Bayesian approaches leading to the same conclusions. Our study fails to replicate the finding that peripheral BDNF is altered in fibromyalgia, and instead our findings suggest that plasma levels of growth factor appear normative in fibromyalgia.
Dopamine neuron induction and the neuroprotective effects of thyroid hormone derivatives
Authors: Lee Eun-Hye , Kim Sang-Mi , Kim Chun-Hyung , Pagire Suvarna H. , Pagire Haushabhau S. , Chung Hee Yong , Ahn Jin Hee , Park Chang-Hwan
Published: September 2019

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive movement disturbances caused by the selective loss of dopamine (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra. Despite the identification of the causal mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of PD, effective treatments remain elusive. In this study, we observed that a low level of fetal bovine serum (FBS) effectively induced DA neurons in rat neural precursor cells (NPCs) by enhancing nuclear receptor-related 1 protein (NURR1) expression. Among the various components of FBS, the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) were identified as key factors for the induction of DA neurons. Since an overdose of thyroid hormones can cause hyperthyroidism, we synthesized several thyroid hormone derivatives that can partially activate thyroid hormone receptors and induce the complete differentiation of NPCs into DA neurons. Two derivatives (#3 and #9) showed positive effects on the induction and maturation of DA neurons without showing significant affinity for the thyroid hormone receptor. They also effectively protected and restored DA neurons from neurotoxic insults. Taken together, these observations demonstrate that thyroid hormone derivatives can strongly induce DA neuron differentiation while avoiding excessive thyroid stimulation and might therefore be useful candidates for PD treatment.
The Co2+/Ni2+ ion-mediated formation of a topochemically converted copper coordination polymer: structure-dependent electrocatalytic activity
Authors: Muthukumar Pandi , Moon Dohyun , Anthony Savarimuthu Philip
Published: September 2019

The presence of Co2+/Ni2+ ions strongly influenced the formation of copper coordination polymers that showed a structure-dependent hydrogen evolution reaction catalytic activity.
Water adsorption and proton conduction of a cobalt(ii) complex assembled by triazine-based polycarboxylate
Authors: Feng Lu , Zhou Min , Ye Fan , Chen Chang , Hou Haobo
Published: September 2019

A new flexible triazine-based polycarboxylate coordination polymer, {[Co3(H3TTHA)2(4,4'-bipy)5(H2O)8]·12H2O}n (1), where H6TTHA = 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine hexaacetic acid, has been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and fully structurally characterized.
Ultra-flexible perovskite solar cells with crumpling durability: toward a wearable power source
Authors: Lee Gunhee , Kim Min-cheol , Choi Yong Whan , Ahn Namyoung , Jang Jihun , Yoon Jungjin , Kim Sang Moon , Lee Jong-Gu , Kang Daeshik , Jung Hyun Suk , Choi Mansoo
Published: September 2019

By employing the neutral plane concept, we demonstrated ultra-flexible perovskite solar cells that can withstand 100 cycles of crumpling.
Vulnerability of existing and planned coal-fired power plants in Developing Asia to changes in climate and water resources
Authors: Wang Yaoping , Byers Edward , Parkinson Simon , Wanders Niko , Wada Yoshihide , Mao Jiafu , Bielicki Jeffrey M.
Published: September 2019

Water constraints on the coal-fired power plants and deployment of CO2capture technology in Developing Asia at multiple scales.
Clostridium tyrobutyricum alleviates Staphylococcus aureus-induced endometritis in mice by inhibiting endometrial barrier disruption and inflammatory response
Authors: Hu Xiaoyu , Guo Jian , Xu Mingyue , Jiang Peng , Yuan Xin , Zhao Caijun , Maimai T. , Cao Yongguo , Zhang Naisheng , Fu Yunhe
Published: September 2019

Endometritis is an inflammatory disease of the uterus caused by bacterial infection, and it affects both human and animal health.
Long-term flow through human intestinal organoids with the gut organoid flow chip (GOFlowChip)
Authors: Sidar Barkan , Jenkins Brittany R. , Huang Sha , Spence Jason R. , Walk Seth T. , Wilking James N.
Published: September 2019

Human intestinal organoids (HIOs) have many research applications but are structurally limited with closed epithelial surfaces that limit material transport. Here, we present a fluidic device designed to establish long-term flow through HIOs.
New sulfuryl fluoride-derived alkylating reagents for the 1,1-dihydrofluoroalkylation of thiols
Authors: Foth Paul J. , Gu Frances , Bolduc Trevor G. , Kanani Sahil S. , Sammis Glenn M.
Published: September 2019

Herein, we report a new method for the one-pot synthesis of 1,1-dihydrofluoroalkyl sulfides by bubbling sulfuryl fluoride (SO2F2) through a solution of the corresponding alcohol and thiol.
Sustainable ppm level palladium-catalyzed aminations in nanoreactors under mild, aqueous conditions
Authors: Zhang Yitao , Takale Balaram S. , Gallou Fabrice , Reilly John , Lipshutz Bruce H.
Published: September 2019

Greening-up aminations: a well-defined palladium pre-catalyst enables ppm-level Pd-catalyzed C–N cross couplings in water under very mild conditions. Comparisons using this protocol vs. traditional amination conditions for preparing key medicinal intermediates are demonstrated.
Orthogonal functionalization of alternating polyesters: selective patterning of (AB)n sequences
Authors: Yi Ni , Chen Thomas T. D. , Unruangsri Junjuda , Zhu Yunqing , Williams Charlotte K.
Published: September 2019

A series of AB alternating polyesters are orthogonally patterned to install two different functionalities at regular intervals along the backbone and with high precision.
The influence of building interactions on seismic and elastic body waves
Authors: Ungureanu Bogdan , Guenneau Sebastien , Achaoui Younes , Diatta Andre , Farhat Mohamed , Hutridurga Harsha , Craster Richard V. , Enoch Stefan , Brûlé Stephane
Published: September 2019

We outline some recent research advances on the control of elastic waves in thin and thick plates, that have occurred since the large scale experiment [S. Brûlé, Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 133901 (2014)] that demonstrated significant interaction of surface seismic waves with holes structuring sedimentary soils at the meter scale. We further investigate the seismic wave trajectories of compressional body waves in soils structured with buildings. A significant substitution of soils by inclusions, acting as foundations, raises the question of the effective dynamic properties of these structured soils. Buildings, in the case of perfect elastic conditions for both soil and buildings, are shown to interact and strongly influence elastic body waves; such site-city seismic interactions were pointed out in [Guéguen et al., Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 92, 794–811 (2002)], and we investigate a variety of scenarios to illustrate the variety of behaviours possible.
An investigation of copper chlorophyllin solution for low-cost optical devices calibration in chlorophyll measurement
Authors: Putra Bayu Taruna Widjaja , Purwoko Risky Setiawan , Indarto Indarto , Soni Peeyush
Published: September 2019

Chlorophylls and turbidity are related parameters deemed important in predicting water quality, especially in the freshwater fisheries sector. In other hand, chlorophyll contents in vegetation are often used as a measure for estimating plant health. To ensure the chlorophyll content, appropriate analysis techniques are needed, which include, yet not limited to, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), acetone extraction analysis, and measuring turbidity using expensive equipment. Measurements using these methods are still not reliable, especially for smallholders. In addition, calibration of a digital camera for these purposes requires several efforts of preparing a series of chemical analyses and the qualities of newly developed cameras have increased. Thus, calibration needs to be taken into account for improving the accuracy in estimating chlorophyll contents. This study posits fundamental findings germane to the potential use of chlorophyllin for calibrating the optimal instrument, like consumer-grade cameras. Sodium copper chlorophyllin is commonly used as food additive and ingredients, and medical treatments. However, we can gain another benefit of chlorophyllin, particularly for developing low-cost optical instruments for estimating chlorophyll content through hydro-color-based with promising accuracy.
Aircraft Take-off and Landing Performance Calculation Method Based on Flight Simulation
Authors: Guo An , Zhou Zhou , Zhu Xiaoping , Bai Fan
Published: September 2019

In order to comply with the existing standard requirements or specifications, a new computational method for aircraft take-off and landing performance, which deals with the characteristics of the high precision of parameters in the process of take-off and landing based on flight simulation technique. The simulation model for a twin-engine normal layout aircraft is constructed in detail, including nonlinear motion equation, aerodynamic, engine, landing gear and dynamical mass model. According to performance calculation standard and pilot control specification for different take-off modes and landing stages, the simulation process for one engine inoperative(OEI) take-off, angle of attack(AoA) hold take-off, standard take-off, reject take-off and landing are designed, and corresponding performance computer software is developed to achieve the goal of accuracy as well as full parameters calculation. Compared with the existing methods, the computational complexity of this method is increased, the process is detailed, the parameters are increased, and more influencing factors can be analyzed quantitatively. Results show that OEI take-off distance is the longest, standard take-off is suitable for light aircraft, angle of attack hold take-off is appropriate in plateau or limited thrust. Landing distance is related to glide angle. Therefore, light aircraft landing can reduce the approach speed and increase the glide angle.
Research on Skin-Friction Drag Reduction by Hydrogen Injection in Supersonic Boundary Layer
Authors: Wang Shuai , He Guoqiang , Qin Fei
Published: September 2019

In order to investigate the applicability of the skin-friction reduction technique using hydrogen injecting into turbulent boundary layer, three-dimensional numerical simulation was carried out for a constant-cross-confined-space with rearward facing steps. The flow characteristics near wall surface and development of wall shear stress were analyzed and compared under different coming flow and injection conditions. The simulation results show that the hydrogen injection can achieve around 13.5% skin-friction drag reduction under the coming flow Mach number of 2.3Ma or 2.8Ma. At 2.8Ma, the optimal reduction profit is 13.5% which is obtained when the equivalent ratio is 0.06. The gases mixings are gradually enhanced along the flow path. At the positions of shock wave-boundary-layer interactions, the mixings are first strengthened and then suppressed, and meanwhile, the wall shear stress and density changes with similar law that first decreases and then rebounds at the positions. The declines of skin-friction drag decrease along the flow direction, the best reduction area can profit nearly 60%.
Discrete Motion Prediction Based on EMG Signals
Authors: Zhang Lei , Wang Wendong , Shi Yikai , Liu Jiahao , Chu Yang , Ming Xing
Published: September 2019

Most of the current rehabilitation equipment is bulky and slow to respond. Therefore, we designed a portable three-degree-of-freedom exoskeleton and discrete-mode control system for this situation. The three degrees of freedom of the exoskeleton robot arm was the wrist swing, the forearm lateral movement, and the elbow rotation. We collected the EMG signals of the biceps and triceps, then filtered the acquired EMG signals and extracted features in order to obtain effective information that reflected the activity intentions. Based on this, a discrete motion control method using the EMG signals to achieve elbow rotation was designed. Experiment suggests that the average pattern recognition accuracy rate can reach more than 90%.
Study on Coordination Control of Subcritical Circulating Fluidized Bed Units with Win-Win Source Network
Authors: Huang Yuansheng , Zhang Lijun , Zhong Min
Published: September 2019

Aiming at the large delay and inertia characteristics of circulating fluidized bed units, a coordinated control method of circulating fluidized bed units under the CPS evaluation system of power grid is proposed. Firstly, starting from the power grid performance evaluation index CPS, the formation characteristics of regional control error ACE in the CPS index are analyzed. Then, according to the operation characteristics of circulating fluidized bed units, the feasibility of realizing the boiler-turbine-grid coordinated control system is revealed. Then, the switch controller based on the energy state of the boiler and the optimal controller based on CPS standard are designed to realize the boiler network. Finally, through simulation experiments, it is verified that the proposed control methods not only meets the requirements of power grid for unit evaluation better, but also takes into account the overall energy state of the boiler to improve the control performance of main steam pressure, and achieves the win-win control effect of circulating fluidized bed units and power grid.
Zinc diffusion induced precipitation of σ-phase in austenitic stainless steel
Authors: Setargew Nega , Parker Daniel J.
Published: September 2019

Zinc diffusion-induced degradation of AISI 316LN austenitic stainless steel pot equipment used in 55%Al-Zn and Zn-Al-Mg coating metal baths is described. SEM/EDS analyses results showed that the diffused zinc reacts with nickel from the austenite matrix and results in the formation of Ni-Zn intermetallic compounds. The Ni-Zn intermetallic phase and the nickel depleted zones form a periodic and alternating layered structure and a mechanism for its formation is proposed. The role of cavities and interconnected porosity in zinc vapour diffusion-induced degradation and formation of Ni-Zn intermediate phases is also discussed. The formation of Ni-Zn intermediate phases and the depletion of nickel in the austenite matrix results in the precipitation of σ-phase and α-ferrite in the nickel depleted regions of the matrix. This reaction will lead to increased susceptibility to intergranular cracking and accelerated corrosion of immersed pot equipment in the coating bath. Zinc diffusion induced precipitation of σ-phase in austenitic stainless steels that we are reporting in this work is a new insight with important implications for the performance of austenitic stainless steels in zinc containing metal coating baths and other process industries. This new insight will further lead to improved understanding of the role of substitutional diffusion and the redistribution of alloying elements in the precipitation of σ-phase in austenitic stainless steels.
Assessment of an Eulerian multi-fluid VOF model for simulation of multiphase flow in an industrial Ruhrstahl–Heraeus degasser
Authors: Chen Gujun , Wang Qiangqiang , He Shengping
Published: September 2019

An Eulerian multi-fluid VOF model, the coupling of the Eulerian model and the “VOF” interface tracking method, offered by ANSYS Fluent has been first applied to investigate the complex multiphase flow in an industrial Ruhrstahl–Heraeus (RH) degasser. The idea of this study is to use the Eulerian model in the regions of the domain where the argon bubbles are dispersed in molten steel; in the regions of the domain where the sharp interfaces between the steel and slag or argon are of interest, the “VOF” method is adopted. The calculated flow characteristic, mixing time and circulation flow rate of molten steel in the RH degasser agree well with the observations reported in literature. Compared with the widely accepted Eulerian method and the discrete phase model–volume of fluid (DPM–VOF) coupled method, the Eulerian multi-fluid VOF model demonstrates the suitability for modeling the multiphase flow in the RH degasser where both dispersed and sharp interfaces are present.
Fuzzy weak link approach to the two-stage DEA
Authors: Despotis Dimitris , Kuchta Dorota
Published: September 2019

This paper refers to a recent approach to two-stage DEA called the weak link approach. It underlines the lack of solution uniqueness in this approach to DEA and the fact that in order for the solution to the weak link approach to be unique, the decision maker needs to express a preference on which Pareto solution would be most satisfactory. In this paper, we propose to use a fuzzy set approach called fuzzy bicriterial programming to help the decision maker to express this preference. Fuzzy bicriterial programming is explained and then applied to the weak link approach to the DEA. It is shown that for each candidate (Pareto) solution to the original weak link approach, there exists an expert opinion that can lead to the unequivocal selection of this solution due to the use of the fuzzy approach. The proposal is illustrated with examples.
Identification, Characterization and HPLC Quantification of Process-Related Impurities in Bepotastine Besilate Bulk Drug
Authors: Zhang Chaowei , Han Chengqun , Sun Lili , Yu Jinlong , Zou Qiaogen
Published: September 2019

Bepotastine besilate (here after referred to as BTST), chemically known as ({d(S)4[4[(4chlorophenyl) (2pyridyl) methoxy] piperidino} butyric acid monobenzene sulphonate), is a second-generation antihistamine drug. To the best of our knowledge, no studies concerning the isolation or identification of process-related impurities have been reported so far. The current study reports the development and validation of a stability-indicating RP-HPLC method for the separation and identification of 5 potential impurities in bepotastine besilate. In this experiment, the structures of 3 process-related impurities were found to be new compounds. They were characterized and confirmed by NMR and MS spectroscopy analyses. These 3 new compounds were proposed to be (S)-4-[(phenyl)-2-pyridinylmethoxy]-1-piperidinebutanoic acid,(Imp-A); 4-[(S)-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-pyridinylmethoxy]-1- piperidinebutyric acid, N-oxide (Imp-B) and (S)-4-[(4- chlorophenyl)-2-pyridinylmethoxy]-1-piperidylethane (Imp-C). In addition, an efficient optimized chromatographic method was performed on a Shimadzu Inertsil C8–3 column (150 mm×4.6 mm, 3 μm) to separate and quantify these 5 impurities. It was using 15 mmol ammonium formate buffer in water (pH adjusted to 3.8 with formic acid) and acetonitrile as the mobile phase in gradient mode. The method was developed to separate and quantify these 5 impurities obtained in the range of 0.05–0.75 μg/mL. It was validated and proven to be selective, accurate and precise and suitable. It is the first publication of identification and characterization data of the 3 new compounds. It is also the first effective HPLC method for separation and quantification of all of process-related impurities in bepotastine besilate.
Bifurcations and pattern evolutions of thermo-solutocapillary flow in rotating cylinder with a top disk
Authors: Wu Chun-Mei , Chen Jin-Hui , Yuan Bo , Li You-Rong
Published: September 2019

The characteristics of thermosolutocapillary flow bifurcations and pattern evolutions of binary fluid in a rotating cylinder with a top disk on the free surface are investigated through three-dimensional numerical simulations. The mixture of silicon-germanium is employed as the working fluid. For the special case of the capillary ratio equal to minus one, the total thermo and solutocapillary forces are balanced. Once rotation is introduced, the balance among the driving forces is broken, and a wide variety of flow structures are presented as meridional circulations rolling in different directions. When a threshold value of the thermocapillary Reynolds number is exceeded, the stability of capillary flow is destroyed. The two-dimensional steady flow transits to the three-dimensional oscillatory state. The critical conditions for flow bifurcations are explored, and the pattern transitions are mapped. The rotation of the cylinder can suppress the flow instabilities effectively. When the disk counter-rotates with the cylinder, the critical value for the formation of instabilities increases first and then decreases. For the oscillatory flow, various patterns appear with different combinations of the thermocapillary Reynolds number, disk, and/or pool rotation rate. Without rotation, the surface concentration pattern is shown as rosebudlike wave holding still in time but oscillating in space. With the increasing disk rotation rate, the surface pattern transits from hydrosolutal waves to spiral waves, rotating waves, and superimposition of rotating and annular waves propagating in the radial direction. For counter-rotation of the disk and cylinder, a new pattern with coexistence of hydrosolutal and spiral waves traveling in opposite directions is observed.
Spin-orbit torques and their angular dependence in ferromagnet/normal metal heterostructures
Authors: Gweon Hyung Keun , Lee Kyung-Jin , Lim Sang Ho
Published: September 2019

Spin-orbit torques (SOTs) are investigated for various elements of X (Pt, Ru, Pd, Cu, Mo, W, and Ta) in Pt/Co/X heterostructures. We find that both the angle-independent and angle-dependent torque components are strongly dependent on the choice of X. Large negative anisotropic SOTs are observed for elements exhibiting high SOT efficiencies (such as X = Ta or W), the behavior of which is detrimental to device applications, thus requiring us to understand the underlying physics behind the anisotropic torques. Our careful analysis shows that angle-dependent torques are closely correlated with the work function difference between Co and X, indicating that the interfacial Rashba spin–orbit coupling plays a role in the anisotropy of SOTs.
A new approach to the question of the existence of bounded solutions of functional differential equations of point type
Authors: Beklaryan L. A.
Published: September 2019

We develop an approach which we used to deduce conditions of a new type for the existence of periodic solutions of ordinary differential equations and functional differential equations of point type. These conditions are based on the use of asymptotic properties of solutions of differential equations which can be observed on shifts of solutions and stated in terms of averages over the period on a distinguished sphere in the phase space. The development of this approach enables us to obtain conditions for the existence of bounded solutions for the same classes of functional differential equations.
Asymptotics of approximation of continuous periodic functions by linear means of their Fourier series
Authors: Trigub R. M.
Published: September 2019

We establish an asymptotic formula for the rate of approximation of Fourier series of individual periodic functions by linear averages with an error

,

. This formula is applicable to the means of Riesz, Gauss–Weierstrass, Picard and others. The result is new even for the arithmetic means of partial Fourier sums. We use the formula to determine the asymptotic behaviour of functions in a certain class. Separately, we consider the case of positive integral convolution operators.
Massey products, toric topology and combinatorics of polytopes
Authors: Buchstaber V. M. , Limonchenko I. Yu.
Published: September 2019

In this paper we introduce a direct family of simple polytopessuch that for anythere are non-trivial strictly defined Massey products of orderin the cohomology rings of their moment-angle manifolds. We prove that the direct sequence of manifoldshas the following properties: every manifoldis a retract of, and one has inverse sequences in cohomology (overand, whereas) of the Massey products constructed. As an application we get that there are non-trivial differentials, for arbitrarily largeas, in the Eilenberg–Moore spectral sequence connecting the ringsandwith coefficients in a field, where.
Emerging models for successful treatment of complex regional pain syndrome in children and young adults
Authors: Dunbar John , Wilson Hamish
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a relatively common condition that is often not well recognised or treated adequately. Patients are usually referred to multidisciplinary pain services, but outcomes remain variable. This case report describes a recent patient with CRPS who was treated quickly and effectively through a simple explanation of the relationship between mind and body, and who then was able to modify her own thought processes and behaviours. This single intervention enabled a complete resolution of symptoms. This report illustrates the clinical application of recent insights into neuroplasticity and individually tailored patient self-management that may now offer successful treatment of an otherwise chronic and disabling condition, especially in younger patients. There are implications for doctors in current practice, as well as for the training of medical students and junior doctors.
Roles of forkhead box protein L2 (foxl2) during gonad differentiation and maintenance in a fish, the olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)
Authors: Fan Zhaofei , Zou Yuxia , Liang Dongdong , Tan Xungang , Jiao Shuang , Wu Zhihao , Li Jun , Zhang Peijun , You Feng
Published: September 2019

As an important maricultured fish, the olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus shows sex-dimorphic growth. Thus, the molecular mechanisms involved in sex control in P. olivaceus have attracted researchers’ attention. Among the sex-related genes, forkhead box protein L2 (foxl2) exhibits significant sex-dimorphic expression patterns and plays an important role in fish gonad differentiation and development. The present study first investigated the expression levels and promoter methylation dynamics of foxl2 during flounder gonad differentiation under treatments of high temperature and exogenous 17β-oestradiol (E2). During high temperature treatment, the expression of flounder foxl2 may be repressed via maintenance of DNA methylation. Then, flounder with differentiated testis at Stages I–II were treated with exogenous 5ppm E2 or 5ppm E2+150ppm trilostane (TR) to investigate whether exogenous sex hormones could induce flounder sex reversal. The differentiated testis exhibited phenotypic variations of gonadal dysgenesis with upregulation of female-related genes (foxl2 and cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A (cyp19a)) and downregulation of male-related genes (cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily B member 2 (cyp11b2), doublesex- and mab-3 related transcription factor 1 (dmrt1), anti-Mullerian hormone (amh) and SRY-box transcription factor 9 (sox9)). Furthermore, a cotransfection assay of the cells of the flounder Sertoli cell line indicated that Foxl2 was able alone or with nuclear receptor subfamily 5 group A member 2 (Nr5a2) jointly to upregulate expression of cyp19a. Moreover, Foxl2 and Nr5a2 repressed the expression of dmrt1. In summary, Foxl2 may play an important role in ovarian differentiation by maintaining cyp19a expression and antagonising the expression of dmrt1. However, upregulation of foxl2 is not sufficient to induce the sex reversal of differentiated testis.
Separating thoughts from the self by selling them to others: the moderating role of self-esteem / Separar los pensamientos del yo al venderlos a otros: el rol moderador de la autoestima
Authors: Santos David , Briñol Pablo , Petty Richard E. , Gascó Margarita , Horcajo Javier , Gandarillas Beatriz
Published: September 2019

This research introduces a new approach for separating people from their thoughts by anticipating selling them to others. Participants were asked to write down either positive or negative thoughts about fast food on different pieces of paper. Then, participants were randomly assigned to role-play the part of either potential buyers or sellers for an advertising campaign. Finally, all participants indicated their self-esteem (as an additional predictor) and their attitudes towards fast food (as the dependent measure). For high self-esteem participants, anticipating selling thoughts to others reduced the impact of thoughts on attitudes, suggesting that distancing thoughts from a location with high validity (the self) reduced the perceived value of their thoughts. In contrast, for low self-esteem participants, anticipating selling thoughts increased their usage, suggesting that separating thoughts from a location with low validity (the self) increased the perceived value of those thoughts. These findings suggest that thoughts can be associated with high or low validity depending on individual differences in self-esteem.
Modulational Instability of Trapped Two-Component Bose–Einstein Condensates*
Authors: Zhou Jian-Wen , Li Xiao-Xun , Gao Rui , Qin Wen-Shan , Jiang Hao-Hao , Li Tao-Tao , Xue Ju-Kui
Published: September 2019

The modulational instability of two-component Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) under an external parabolic potential is discussed. Based on the trapped two-component Gross–Pitaevskill equations, a time-dependent dispersion relation is obtained analytically by means of the modified lens-type transformation and linear stability analysis. It is shown that a modulational unstable time scale exists for trapped two-component BECs. The modulational properties—which are determined by the wave number, external trapping parameter, intra- and inter-species atomic interactions—are modified significantly. The analytical results are confirmed by direct numerical simulation. Our results provide a criterion for judging the occurrence of instability of the trapped two-component BECs in experiment.
Formation of Square-Shaped Waves in the Biscay Bay*
Authors: Li Xin , Xu Wen-Hao , Chen Dong-Ming , Cao Li-Ke , Yang Zhan-Ying
Published: September 2019

Recently, a report from Elite Readers suggested that a strange phenomenon of ‘square-shaped waves’ had occurred at the beaches of the Isle of Rhe in the Bay of Biscay. Based on the hydrological and geological data of the Bay of Biscay, we find that the special phenomenon is closely related to a solitary wave that can be described by the shallow water wave equation. We discuss the formation mechanisms of the square-shaped waves by the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation. The combination of exact solutions and actual condition provides the simulated initial state. We then reproduce a square-shaped structure by a numerical method and obtain the result consistent with the observed picture from media. Our work enriches public understanding of strange water waves and has great significance for tourism development and shipping transportation.
Phase Transition and Critical Phenomenon Occurring in Granular Matter*
Authors: Feng Yao-Dong , Su Tao , Shi Qing-Fan , Sun Gang
Published: September 2019

We investigate the granular flow states in a channel with bottleneck by molecular dynamics simulations. Our study is restricted only on a selected key area rather than on the whole system to focus on the flow properties of a single granular state. A random force field is introduced to control the granular temperature. It is also pointed out that the flow rate in the granular flow can be correlated with the pressure, which leads us to carry out a comprehensive study similar to the classical study for general liquid-gas phase transition. Our results show that the dilute flow state and the dense flow state of the granules are similar to the gas state and the liquid state of general substances, respectively, and the properties of phase transition and critical phenomenon are also similar to those occurring in general substances.
Hybridization Effects Revealed by Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy in Heavy-Fermion Ce2IrIn8*
Authors: Liu Haijiang , Xu Yuanji , Zhong Yigui , Guan Jianyu , Kong Lingyuan , Ma Junzhang , Huang Yaobo , Chen Qiuyun , Chen Genfu , Shi Ming , Yang Yi-feng , Ding Hong
Published: September 2019

We utilize high-resolution resonant angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) to study the band structure and hybridization effect of the heavy-fermion compound Ce2IrIn8. We observe a nearly flat band at the binding energy of 7 meV below the coherent temperature

T

coh

∼
40

K

, which characterizes the electrical resistance maximum and indicates the onset temperature of hybridization. However, the Fermi vector and the Fermi surface volume have little change around T
coh, which challenges the widely believed evolution from a high-temperature small Fermi surface to a low-temperature large Fermi surface. Our experimental results of the band structure fit well with the density functional theory plus dynamic mean-field theory calculations.
Modelling Debye Dielectric Relaxation in Monohydroxy Alcohols*
Authors: Wang Li-Na , Zhao Xing-Yu , Huang Yi-Neng
Published: September 2019

The Debye relaxation of dielectric spectroscopy exists extensively in monohydroxy alcohols. We model the relaxation based on the infinite-pseudospin-chain Ising model and the Glauber dynamics, and the corresponding complex permittivity is obtained. The model results are in good agreement with the experimental data of 3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol and 5-methyl-2-hexanol in a wide temperature range. Moreover, in the model parameters, the sum of the mean-field interaction energy and two times the orientation is nearly twice the hydrogen bond energy, which further states the rationality of this model.
Simulation of the Critical Adsorption of Semi-Flexible Polymers*
Authors: Yang Xiao , Wu Fan , Hu Dong-Dong , Zhang Shuang , Luo Meng-Bo
Published: September 2019

The critical adsorption of semi-flexible polymer chains on attractive surfaces is studied using Monte Carlo simulations. The results reveal that the critical adsorption point of a free polymer chain is the same as that of an end-grafted one. For the end-grafted polymer, we find that the finite-size scaling relation and the maximum fluctuation of adsorbed monomers are equivalent in estimating the critical adsorption point. The effect of chain stiffness on the critical adsorption is also investigated. The surface attraction strength for the critical adsorption of semi-flexible polymer chain decreases exponentially with an increase in the chain stiffness; In other words, lower adsorption energy is needed to adsorb a stiffer polymer chain. The result is explained from the viewpoint of the free energy profile for the adsorption.
Assessment of working environment and personal dosimeter-wearing
compliance of industrial radiographers based on chromosome aberration
frequencies
Authors: Lee Younghyun , Seo Songwon , Jin Young Woo , Jang Seongjae
Published: September 2019

Industrial radiographers are exposed to relatively higher doses of radiation than
other radiation-exposed workers in South Korea. The objective of our study was
to investigate the impact of specific occupational conditions on chromosome
aberration frequency and evaluate dosimeter-wearing compliance of industrial
radiographers in Korea. We studied individual and occupational characteristics
of 120 industrial radiographers working in South Korea and evaluated the
frequency of dicentrics and translocations in chromosomes to estimate radiation
exposure. The association between working conditions and chromosome aberration
frequencies was assessed by Poisson regression analysis after adjusting for
confounding factors. Legal personal dosimeter-wearing compliance among workers
was investigated by correlation analysis between recorded dose and chromosome
aberration frequency. Daily average number of radiographic films used in the
last six months was associated with dicentrics frequency. Workers performing
site radiography showed significantly higher translocation frequency than those
working predominantly in shielded enclosures. The correlation between chromosome
aberration frequency and recorded dose was higher in workers in the radiography
occupation since 2012 (new workers) than other veteran workers. Our study found
that site radiography could affect actual radiation exposure to workers.
Controlling these working conditions and making an effort to improve personal
dosimeter-wearing compliance among veteran workers as well as new workers may be
necessary to reduce radiation exposure as much as possible in their
workplace.
A surface modelling approach for attribution and disentanglement of the effects of global warming from urbanization in temperature extremes: application to Lisbon
Authors: Nogueira Miguel , Soares Pedro M M
Published: September 2019

Attribution and disentanglement of the effects of global greenhouse gas and land-use changes on temperature extremes in urban areas is a complex and critical issue in the context of regional-to-local climate change mitigation and adaptation. Here, an innovative modelling framework based on a large ensemble of urban climate simulations, using SURFEX (a land-surface model) coupled to TEB (an urban canopy model), forced by E20C (a GCM-based reanalysis), is proposed, and applied to the capital of Portugal—Lisbon. This approach allowed to disentangle the main drivers of change of extreme temperatures in Lisbon, while also improving the simulated summer temperature variability compared to E20C, using station observations as reference. The improvements were physically linked to the strong sensitivity of summer mean and extreme temperatures to local land-use properties. The sensitivity was systematically investigated and robustly demonstrated here, with built-fraction (buildings + roads), albedo and emissivity emerging as key surface parameters. The results revealed a very strong summer temperature increase between 1951–1980 and 1981–2010 periods: 0.90 °C for daily maximum temperature (T
max), and 0.76 °C for daily minimum temperature (T
max). These changes were sensitive to considering different (but constant throughout the simulation) land-uses, varying by about 10% for T
max, and around 17% for T
min. Regarding the temperature extremes (quantified by extreme hot days, EHD, and extreme hot nights, EHN, respectively defined as exceeding the 95th-percentile of T
max and T
min) the changes and their dependencies with the land-use are much more drastic. The isolated effect of changing land-use (keeping the climate forcing unchanged) from rural/natural (low built-fraction) towards dense urbanization (high built-fraction) caused a significant increase in EHN (up to ∼+130 d per 30 years, larger than the effect due to climate forcing alone), and in EHD (∼+60 d per 30 years, which is similar to the effect due to climate forcing alone).
Climate exceeded human management as the dominant control of fire at the regional scale in California’s Sierra Nevada
Authors: Vachula Richard S , Russell James M , Huang Yongsong
Published: September 2019

The societal impacts of recent, severe fires in California highlight the need to understand the long-term effectiveness of human fire management. The relative influences of local management and climate at centennial timescales are controversial and poorly understood. This is the case in California’s Sierra Nevada, an actively managed area with a rich history of Native American fire use. We analyzed charcoal preserved in lake sediments from Yosemite National Park and spanning the last 1400 years to reconstruct local and regional area burned. Warm and dry climates promoted burning at both local and regional scales. However, at local scales fire management by Native Americans before 850 and between ca. 1350 and 1600 CE and, subsequently, Yosemite park managers from ca. 1900 to 1970 CE, decoupled fire extent dictated by regional climate scenarios. Climate acts as a top-down, broader scale control of fire, but human management serves a bottom-up, local control. Regional area burned peaked during the Medieval Climate Anomaly and declined during the last millennium, as climate became cooler and wetter and Native American burning declined. This trend was accentuated by 20th century fire suppression policies, which led to a minimum in burned area relative to the last 1400 years. In light of projected anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and predicted climate changes in California, our data indicate that although active management can mitigate local fire activity, broader regional burning may become more spatially extensive than has been observed in the last century.