bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of localizable concurrence in quantum teleportation protocols
Authors: Consiglio Mirko , Mangion Louis Zammit , Apollaro Tony John George
Published: October 2021

Teleporting an unknown qubit state is a paradigmatic quantum information processing task revealing the advantage of quantum communication protocols over their classical counterpart. For a teleportation protocol using a Bell state as quantum channel, the resource has been identified to be the concurrence. However, for mixed multipartite states the lack of computable entanglement measures has made the identification of the quantum resource responsible for this advantage more challenging. Here, by building on previous results showing that localizable concurrence is the necessary resource for controlled quantum teleportation, we show that any teleportation protocol using an arbitrary multipartite state, that includes a Bell measurement, requires a nonvanishing localizable concurrence between two of its parties to perform better than the classical protocol. By first analyzing Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) channel and GHZ measurement teleportation protocol, in the presence of GHZ-symmetric-preserving noise, we compare different multipartite entanglement measures with the fidelity of teleportation, and we find that the protocol performs better than the classical protocol when all multipartite entanglement measures vanish, except for the localizable concurrence. Finally, we extend our proof to an arbitrary teleportation protocol with an arbitrary multipartite entangled channel.
Clinical Perspectives on IgG4-Related Disease and Its Classification
Authors: Katz Guy , Stone John H.
Published: October 2021

Immunoglobulin G4–related disease (IgG4-RD) is a systemic immune-mediated fibroinflammatory disease. Since its discovery nearly two decades ago, our understanding of its pathophysiology and clinical manifestations has grown substantially. Early diagnosis and treatment of this elusive disease can prevent substantial organ damage from end-stage fibrosis, emphasizing the need for prompt recognition and accurate characterization of IgG4-RD. The classification criteria endorsed by the American College of Rheumatology and the European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology in 2019 provide a framework for establishing the diagnosis in the clinical setting. This process involves recognizing the typical manifestations of the disease and incorporating clinical, radiological, serological, and histopathological information as well as excluding disease mimickers. Glucocorticoids and rituximab are effective at inducing remission in IgG4-RD in most patients, but the optimal approach to long-term management of IgG4-RD remains an area of active clinical research.
Cross-species meta-analysis of transcriptome changes during the morula-to-blastocyst transition: metabolic and physiological changes take center stage
Authors: Schall Peter Z. , Latham Keith E.
Published: October 2021

The morula-to-blastocyst transition (MBT) culminates with formation of inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) lineages. Recent studies identified signaling pathways driving lineage specification, but some features of these pathways display significant species divergence. To better understand evolutionary conservation of the MBT, we completed a meta-analysis of RNA sequencing data from five model species and ICMTE differences from four species. Although many genes change in expression during the MBT within any given species, the number of shared differentially expressed genes (DEGs) is comparatively small, and the number of shared ICMTE DEGs is even smaller. DEGs related to known lineage determining pathways (e.g., POU5F1) are seen, but the most prominent pathways and functions associated with shared DEGs or shared across individual species DEG lists impact basic physiological and metabolic activities, such as TCA cycle, unfolded protein response, oxidative phosphorylation, sirtuin signaling, mitotic roles of polo-like kinases, NRF2-mediated oxidative stress, estrogen receptor signaling, apoptosis, necrosis, lipid and fatty acid metabolism, cholesterol biosynthesis, endocytosis, AMPK signaling, homeostasis, transcription, and cell death. We also observed prominent differences in transcriptome regulation between ungulates and nonungulates, particularly for ICM- and TE-enhanced mRNAs. These results extend our understanding of shared mechanisms of the MBT and formation of the ICM and TE and should better inform the selection of model species for particular applications.
Validation of in vitro models for smoke exposure of primary human bronchial epithelial cells
Authors: Mastalerz Michal , Dick Elisabeth , Chakraborty Ashesh , Hennen Elisabeth , Schamberger Andrea C. , Schröppel Andreas , Lindner Michael , Hatz Rudolf , Behr Jürgen , Hilgendorff Anne , Schmid Otmar , Staab-Weijnitz Claudia A.
Published: October 2021

The bronchial epithelium is constantly challenged by inhalative insults including cigarette smoke (CS), a key risk factor for lung disease. In vitro exposure of bronchial epithelial cells using CS extract (CSE) is a widespread alternative to whole CS (wCS) exposure. However, CSE exposure protocols vary considerably between studies, precluding direct comparison of applied doses. Moreover, they are rarely validated in terms of physiological response in vivo and the relevance of the findings is often unclear. We tested six different exposure settings in primary human bronchial epithelial cells (phBECs), including five CSE protocols compared with wCS exposure. We quantified cell-delivered dose and directly compared all exposures using expression analysis of 10 well-established smoke-induced genes in bronchial epithelial cells. CSE exposure of phBECs was varied in terms of differentiation state, exposure route, duration of exposure, and dose. Gene expression was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and Western Blot analysis. Cell type-specific expression of smoke-induced genes was analyzed by immunofluorescent analysis. Three surprisingly dissimilar exposure types, namely, chronic CSE treatment of differentiating phBECs, acute CSE treatment of submerged basal phBECs, and wCS exposure of differentiated phBECs performed best, resulting in significant upregulation of seven (chronic CSE) and six (acute wCS, acute submerged CSE exposure) out of 10 genes. Acute apical or basolateral exposure of differentiated phBECs with CSE was much less effective despite similar doses used. Our findings provide guidance for the design of human in vitro CS exposure models in experimental and translational lung research.
Separating the contributions of SLC26A9 and CFTR to anion secretion in primary human bronchial epithelia
Authors: Larsen Mads B. , Choi Jeannie J. , Wang Xiaohui , Myerburg Michael M. , Frizzell Raymond A. , Bertrand Carol A.
Published: October 2021

Aberrant anion secretion across the bronchial epithelium is associated with airway disease, most notably in cystic fibrosis. Although the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is recognized as the primary source of airway anion secretion, alternative anion transport mechanisms play a contributing role. An alternative anion transporter of growing interest is SLC26A9, a constitutively active chloride channel that has been shown to interact with CFTR and may also contribute to bicarbonate secretion. Interest in SLC26A9 has been fueled by genome-wide association studies that suggest it is a significant modifier of CF disease severity. Despite this growing evidence that SLC26A9 plays an important role in the airway, its presence and function in bronchial epithelia remain poorly understood, in part, because its activity is difficult to separate from the activity of CFTR. Here, we present results using primary human bronchial epithelia (HBE) from multiple patient sources to confirm that SLC26A9 mRNA is present in HBE and that its constitutive channel activity is unaffected by knockdown of CFTR. Furthermore, SLC26A9 and CFTR show differential responses to common inhibitors of anion secretion. Finally, we assess the impact of bicarbonate on the activity of SLC26A9 and CFTR. These results confirm that SLC26A9 is the primary source of constitutive anion secretion across HBE, and should inform future studies focused on activation of SLC26A9 as an alternative anion channel in CF. These results should provide a strong foundation to investigate how single-nucleotide polymorphisms in SLC26A9 modulate airway disease.
Intrinsic brainstem circuits comprised of Chx10-expressing neurons contribute to reticulospinal output in mice
Authors: Chopek Jeremy W. , Zhang Ying , Brownstone Robert M.
Published: October 2021

Reticulospinal neurons in the medullary reticular formation integrate inputs from higher regions to effectively instruct spinal motor circuits. Using photoactivation of neurons in brainstem slices, we studied connectivity of reticular formation neurons that express the transcriptional regulator, Chx10. We show that a subpopulation of these neurons functions as local interneurons that affect descending commands. The results shed light on the internal organization and microcircuit formation of reticular formation neurons.
Predictive Value of MPV and Plasma NT-ProBNP Combined with the Simplified Geneva Scale for the Prognosis of Acute Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Wang Jing , Wang Lu , Jin Ling , Rong Xiaolei , Tang Xueshuang , Guo Haina , Liu Xiaochuan , Shi Lei , Tao Guilu
Published: October 2021

Objective. To explore the predictive value of mean platelet volume (MPV) and plasma N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide (NT-ProBNP) combined with a simplified Geneva scale for the prognosis of acute pulmonary embolism (APE). Methods. The clinical data of 68 patients with APE admitted to our hospital from October 2017 to October 2019 were collected. According to the prognosis, the patients were divided into a good prognosis group (n = 45) and a poor prognosis group (n = 23). The clinical data, laboratory clinical indexes, and simplified Geneva scale scores were recorded for the two groups. The risk factors of poor prognosis were analyzed by binary multivariate logistic regression analysis; the predictive ability of each index on the prognosis of patients with APE was analyzed by the ROC curve. Results. The incidences of deep vein thrombosis, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia in the poor prognosis group were higher than those in the good prognosis group (

P
<
0.05

). PLT, platelet distribution width (PDW), MPV, and plasma NT-ProBNP in the poor prognosis group were higher than those in the good prognosis group (

P
<
0.05

). The simplified Geneva scale score of the poor prognosis group was higher than that of the good prognosis group (

P
<
0.05

). PDW, MPV, plasma NT-ProBNP, and simplified Geneva scale were all independent risk factors for the poor prognosis of APE patients (

P
<
0.05

). The AUC of MPV in predicting the prognosis of APE patients was 0.818 (95% CI: 0.712–0.925). When the optimal cutoff value was 0.571, the sensitivity was 77.1%, and the specificity was 80.0%. The AUC of plasma NT-ProBNP in predicting the prognosis of APE patients was 0.762 (95% CI: 0.634–0.891). When the optimal cutoff value was 0.475, the sensitivity was 71.5%, and the specificity was 76.0%. The AUC of the simplified Geneva scale in predicting the prognosis of APE patients was 0.749 (95% CI: 0.618–0.879). When the optimal cutoff value was 0.469, the sensitivity was 82.9%, and the specificity was 64.0%. The AUC of MPV and plasma NT-ProBNP combined with the simplified Geneva scale in predicting the prognosis of APE patients was 0.907 (95% CI: 0.826–0.988). When the optimal cutoff value was 0.726, the sensitivity was 88.6%, and the specificity was 84.0%. Conclusion. MPV, plasma NT-ProBNP, and simplified Geneva scale have a certain predictive value for the prognosis of APE. Compared with a single index, the combination of the three indexes has a significant improvement in predicting the prognosis of APE and has better clinical value.
Citrus Genus and Its Waste Utilization: A Review on Health-Promoting Activities and Industrial Application
Authors: Khan Usman Mir , Sameen Aysha , Aadil Rana Muhammad , Shahid Muhammad , Sezen Serap , Zarrabi Ali , Ozdemir Betul , Sevindik Mustafa , Kaplan Dilara Nur , Selamoglu Zeliha , Ydyrys Alibek , Anitha T. , Kumar Manoj , Sharifi-Rad Javad , Butnariu Monica
Published: October 2021

Citrus fruits such as oranges, grapefruits, lemons, limes, tangerines, and mandarins, whose production is increasing every year with the rise of consumer demand, are among the most popular fruits cultivated throughout the globe. Citrus genus belongs to the Rutaceae family and is known for its beneficial effects on health for centuries. These plant groups contain many beneficial nutrients and bioactive compounds. These compounds have antimicrobial, anticancer, antidiabetic, antiplatelet aggregation, and anti-inflammatory activities. Citrus waste, generated by citrus-processing industries in large amounts every year, has an important economic value due to richness of bioactive compounds. The present review paper has summarized the application and properties of Citrus and its waste in some fields such as food and drinks, traditional medicine practices, and recent advances in modern approaches towards pharmaceutical and nutraceutical formulations.
Computational Analysis of Heat Transfer Intensification of Fractional Viscoelastic Hybrid Nanofluids
Authors: Khan Mumtaz , Rasheed Amer
Published: October 2021

In the current article, we have performed computational analysis on convection heat transfer of a hybrid nanofluid in occurrences where porous media and the effect of magnetic force are involved. In order to assess the time-fractional derivatives, Caputo’s notion is utilized while the Darcy–Forchheimer model is applied due to the involvement of the porous medium. Moreover, the boundary conditions are assumed to be nonuniform through the equilibrium between the surface tension and shear stress over a semi-infinite permeable flat surface. Keeping in view the complexity of the fractional derivative model and nonuniform boundary conditions, the problem in question is a complicated one. Accordingly, the coupled momentum and energy equation is linearized and the finite difference scheme is then applied and implemented in MATLAB Code R2020b. Furthermore, we have also offered a comprehensive analysis regarding error and convergence of the proposed numerical method. The newly introduced numerical technique to determine the numerical solutions and some unique and interesting deductions are established. From the computational results, one can conclude that the fluid motion in both hybrid and single nanofluids slows down due to magnetic field, porosity, and inertia coefficient as the magnetic and electric fields are synchronized due to the formation of the Lorentz force and viscous interference. We believe that our proposed numerical technique regarding employment of the fractional model for heat transfer application to the hybrid nanofluid over a semi-infinite nonuniform permeable surface along with variable heat flux is not found in the literature so far. Furthermore, the obtained results will be a valuable addition to fractional calculus from an engineering point of view.
Exogenous and Endogenous Serine Deficiency Exacerbates Hepatic Lipid Accumulation
Authors: He Liuqin , Liu Yonghui , Liu Di , Feng Yanzhong , Yin Jie , Zhou Xihong
Published: October 2021

Serine is involved in the regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism. However, whether exogenous or endogenous serine deficiency affects lipid accumulation in the liver and related mechanisms is unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of serine deficiency on hepatic fat accumulation in mice fed a serine‐deficient diet or in mice supplemented with the D‐3‐phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) inhibitor NCT‐503. Both treatments produced an increase in body weight and liver weight and higher triglyceride content in the liver. Both treatments also exacerbated hepatic inflammatory responses and oxidative stress. Importantly, NCT‐503 supplementation significantly inhibited PHGDH activity and decreased the serine content in the liver. Dietary serine deficiency significantly affected the colonic microbiota, characterized by a decreased ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes and decreased proportion of Bifidobacterium. Dietary serine deficiency additionally resulted in significantly decreased colonic and serum acetate and butyrate levels. The collective results indicate that NCT‐503 supplementation may contribute to overaccumulation of hepatic lipid, by causing hepatic serine deficiency, while dietary serine deficiency may produce similar outcomes by affecting the gut‐microbiota‐liver axis.
Four-Scroll Hyperchaotic Attractor in a Five-Dimensional Memristive Wien Bridge Oscillator: Analysis and Digital Electronic Implementation
Authors: Kitio Gabin Jeatsa , Ainamon Cyrille , Rajagopal Karthikeyan , Kengne Léandre Kamdjeu , Kingni Sifeu Takougang , Mboupda Pone Justin Roger
Published: October 2021

An electronic implementation of a novel Wien bridge oscillation with antiparallel diodes is proposed in this paper. As a result, we show by using classical nonlinear dynamic tools like bifurcation diagrams, Lyapunov exponent plots, phase portraits, power density spectra graphs, time series, and basin of attraction that the oscillator transition to chaos is operated by intermittency and interior crisis. Some interesting behaviors are found, namely, multistability, hyperchaos, transient chaos, and bursting oscillations. In comparison with some memristor-based oscillators, the plethora of dynamics found in this circuit with current-voltage (i–v) characteristic of diodes mounted in the antiparallel direction represents a major advance in the knowledge of the behavior of this circuit. A suitable microcontroller based design is built to support the numerical findings as these experimental results are in good agreement.
The Efficacy of Harpagophytum procumbens (Teltonal) in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Active-Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Farpour Hamid Reza , Rajabi Najme , Ebrahimi Bahareh
Published: October 2021

Purpose. The high prevalence of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a major cause of disability among elders. NSAIDs are recommended to reduce KOA patients’ symptoms, but their adverse side effects limit their consumption. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of Harpagophytum procumbens compared to a routine NSAID (meloxicam) on pain reduction and functional improvement of KOA patients. Patients and Methods. Sixty patients aged 40–60 years, with painful knee osteoarthritis (grades 1-2 of Kellgren–Lawrence scale) for at least one month, were randomized into two groups with different routine medication periods. Group A consisted of daily administration of two Harpagophytum procumbens (Teltonal) tablets (2

∗

480 mg) for one month, and group B consisted of daily administration of meloxicam (15 mg) for ten days. The visual analogue scale (VAS), Western Ontario McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Oxford Knee Scale (OKS), and patient satisfaction were evaluated at the baseline and after 2, 4, and 8 weeks. Results. There were no statistically significant differences between demographic characteristics, pain intensity, and function scores before the treatment. VAS, OKS, and WOMAC scores improved in both groups

p
<
0.001

over time, but no significant superiority was shown; after 8 weeks: VAS (Teltonal (4.80 ± 1.80) vs. meloxicam (5.06 ± 1.43)), OKS (34.06 ± 4.38, 34.00 ± 7.87, Teltonal vs. meloxicam, respectively), and WOMAC scores (25.73 ± 10.11 Teltonal vs. 26.20 ± 13.94, meloxicam). Conclusion. Teltonal is an effective and safe treatment in patients with mild KOA in the short term. However, no significant superiority was shown in using Teltonal or meloxicam, in people who cannot take NSAIDs, it can be a good alternative, although difference in medication periods should be considered.
The Association between Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction and Cerebral Oximetry during Geriatric Orthopedic Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Zhu Junqiang , Wang Wei , Shi Huimin
Published: October 2021

Background. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) refers to disorders affecting orientation, attention, perception, consciousness, and judgment that develop after geriatric orthopedic surgery. Cerebral blood oxygen saturation detection is a way to diagnose cerebral oxygen supply during operation. At present, more and more applications are used for early diagnosis of postoperative cognitive function. Therefore, the present study is to analyze the relationship between postoperative cognitive dysfunction and cerebral blood oxygen saturation in elderly orthopedic patients. Methods. This study enrolled 90 elderly patients undergoing orthopedic surgery in our hospital. According to the postoperative cognitive dysfunction, they were divided into POCD group (N = 45) and no‐POCD (N = 45) group. The cognitive and psychological function and cerebral blood oxygen saturation were analyzed before and 3 months after the operation. Finally, the indicators of cognitive psychological function and the indicators of cerebral blood oxygen saturation are correlated and analyzed. Results. Compared with the normal group, patients with cognitive dysfunction at 3 months after surgery time below preoperative rScO2, time below a 10% decrease from preoperative rScO2, CDL preoperative, minimum rScO2 value, and maximum rScO2 value have significant changes. The results of the correlation analysis found that there is also a significant correlation between the postoperative cognitive and psychological function of the patient and the cerebral blood oxygen saturation at 3 weeks after the operation. Conclusion. In elderly orthopedic patients, there is a significant relationship between cerebral blood oxygen saturation detection and cognitive function 3 months after surgery.
Stability Analysis of a Fractional-Order SEIR-KS Computer Virus-Spreading Model with Two Delays
Authors: Wang Zhufeng , Nie Xiaoqian , Liao Maoxin
Published: October 2021

In this paper, the stability and Hopf bifurcation of a fractional-order model of the Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Kill Signals Recovered (SEIR-KS) computer virus with two delays are studied. The sufficient conditions for solving the stability and the occurrence of Hopf bifurcation of the system are established by using Laplace transform, stability theory, and Hopf bifurcation theorem of fractional-order differential systems. The research shows that time delays and fractional order q have an important effect on the stability and the emergence of Hopf bifurcation of the fractional computer virus model. In addition, the validity of the theoretical analysis is verified by selecting appropriate system parameters for numerical simulation and the biological correlation of the equilibrium point is discussed. The results show that the bifurcation point of the model increases with the decrease in the model fractional order q. Under the same fractional order q, the effects of different types of delays on bifurcation points are obviously different.
[Retracted] Athlete Behavior Recognition Technology Based on Siamese‐RPN Tracker Model
Authors: Gao Changhui
Published: October 2021

With the rapid development of deep learning algorithms, it is gradually applied in UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) driving, visual recognition, target tracking, behavior recognition, and other fields. In the field of sports, many scientists put forward the research of target tracking and recognition technology based on deep learning algorithms for athletes’ trajectory and behavior capture. Based on the target tracking algorithm, a regional proposal network RPN algorithm combined with the twin regional proposal network Siamese algorithm is proposed to study the tracking and recognition technology of athletes’ behavior. Then, the adaptive updating network is used to track the behavior target of athletes, and the simulation model of behavior recognition is established. This algorithm is different from the traditional twin network algorithm. It can accurately take the athlete’s behavior as the target candidate box in model training and reduce the interference of environment and other factors on model recognition. The results show that the Siamese‐RPN algorithm can reduce the interference from the background and environment when tracking the athletes’ target behavior trajectory. This algorithm can improve the training behavior recognition model, ignore the background interference elements of the behavior image, and improve the accuracy and overall performance of the model. Compared with the traditional twin network method for sports behavior recognition, the Siamese‐RPN algorithm studied in this paper can perform offline operations and distinguish the interference factors of athletes’ background environment. It can quickly capture the characteristic points of athletes’ behavior as the data input of the tracking model, so it has excellent popularization and application value.
Understanding the Activation of Platelets in Diabetes and Its Modulation by Allyl Methyl Sulfide, an Active Metabolite of Garlic
Authors: Malladi Navya , Johny Ebin , Uppulapu Shravan K. , Tiwari Vikas , Alam Md Jahangir , Adela Ramu , Banerjee Sanjay K.
Published: October 2021

Background. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder associated with higher risk of having cardiovascular disease. Platelets play a promising role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular complications in diabetes. Since last several decades, garlic and its bioactive components are extensively studied in diabetes and its complications. Our aim was to explore the antiplatelet property of allyl methyl sulfide (AMS) focusing on ameliorating platelet activation in diabetes. Method. We used streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetic rats as model for type 1 diabetes. We have evaluated the effect of allyl methyl sulfide on platelet activation by administrating AMS to diabetic rats for 10 weeks. Flow cytometry-based analysis was used to evaluate the platelet activation, platelet aggregation, platelet macrophage interaction, and endogenous ROS generation in the platelets obtained from control, diabetes, and AMS- and aspirin-treated diabetic rats. Results. AMS treatment for 10 weeks effectively reduced the blood glucose levels in diabetic rats. Three weeks of AMS (50 mg/kg/day) treatment did not reduce the activation of platelets but a significant (

p
<
0.05

) decrease was observed after 10 weeks of treatment. Oral administration of AMS significantly (

p
<
0.05

) reduced the baseline and also reduced ADP-induced aggregation of platelets after 3 and 10 weeks of treatment. Furthermore, 10 weeks of AMS treatment in diabetic rats attenuated the endogenous ROS content (

p
<
0.05

) of platelets and platelet macrophage interactions. The inhibition of platelet activation in diabetic rats after AMS treatment was comparable with aspirin treatment (30 mg/kg/day). Conclusion. We observed an inhibitory effect of allyl methyl sulfide on platelet aggregation, platelet activation, platelet macrophage interaction, and increased ROS levels in type 1 diabetes. Our data suggests that AMS can be useful to control cardiovascular complication in diabetes via inhibition of platelet activation.
Stiffness Determination of Backfill‐Rock Interface to Numerically Investigate Backfill Stress Distributions in Mine Stopes
Authors: Liu Guangsheng , Yang Xiaocong , Guo Lijie
Published: October 2021

Numerical modeling is an effective and efficient method to investigate the stress distributions of backfill in stopes, which should be well understood in underground mining. Interface elements between backfill and rock in simulated stopes had been proved to be essential components, for which the stiffness parameters need to be assessed and assigned. However, few reports have revealed the effects of interface stiffness on backfill stress distributions, and there is not yet a clear solution to determine the interface stiffness to simulate stresses in backfilled stopes, except an empirical method for simply applying a high value suggested in FLAC manual. In this study, a new solution is first proposed to determine the normal stiffness and shear stiffness of interface elements, respectively, in numerical modeling of backfill stresses. The applicability of the solution has been verified by investigating backfill stress distributions in mine stopes of two widely used mining methods with variable stiffness values. The results show that the newly proposed method leads to totally the same backfill stress distributions with models applying the interface stiffness by the method in FLAC manual based on a “rule‐of‐thumb” but will save at least 20%–30% calculation time to improve modeling efficiency under the same simulation conditions and will carry much clear physical meanings corresponding to the interaction between backfill and rock walls in mine stopes. In addition, the vertical and horizontal stresses show good agreements with the analytical stresses predicted by the Marston equation under the at‐rest state, which validates the reliability of the proposed solution for interface stiffness. Moreover, the plotting methods of stress distributions and the coefficient of lateral earth pressure of backfill in simulated stopes with proposed interface stiffness were discussed to further clarify the reasonable methods to investigate the backfill stresses in mine stopes, especially after considering the effects of the convergence from rock walls, which is a very significant and common phenomenon in practical mining engineering.
Evaluation of Acute and Subchronic Toxicity Induced by the Crude Ethanol Extract of Plukenetia volubilis Linneo Leaves in Swiss Albino Mice
Authors: Tran Phuong-Nhung Thi , Tran Thi Thanh Nha
Published: October 2021

Plukenetia volubilis Linneo (P. volubilis), or Sacha inca, is an oleaginous plant from the Euphorbiaceae family. The presence of terpenoids, saponins, tannins, glycosides, phytosterols, and phenolic compounds in the ethanol extracts of P. volubilis L leaves has been reported, showing a range of bioactivities including antimicrobial, anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and analgesia. However, the safety of this plant has not yet been reported explicitly. This study thus is aimed at evaluating the toxicity of the ethanol extract of P. volubilis leaves (EtPV) by acute and subchronic toxicity tests in Swiss albino mice following standard procedures set by The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) with slight modifications. In the acute toxicity test, the treatment groups were administered orally with the EtPV at doses of 1000, 3000, 5000, and 7000 mg/kg body weight in small fractions during 16 hours, and the mice were then observed in 14 consecutive days. In the subchronic toxicity study, the EtPV was given at doses of 100, 300, 500, and 700 mg/kg body weight for 90 days. Changes in behavior, mortality rate, and body and the weights of vital organs, hematology, clinical biochemistry, urine analysis, and histologic morphology were evaluated. The acute toxicity study showed that the EtPV causes no sign of toxicity or mortality. The hematological, biochemical and urine analyses, changes in the weight of the body and vital organs (heart, liver and kidney), and histopathological analyses of organs indicated no evidence of toxicity at any doses. It was also revealed that oral administration of EtPV is safe at the oral doses set by acute and subchronic toxicity tests, and the oral lethal dose for the EtPV is higher than 7000 mg/kg. This study is the first to confirm the safety of P. volubilis leaf ethanol extract, and as a result, encouraging further investigation to examine EtPV potential for traditional medicine.
Dynamic Variation in Hippocampal Metabolism after Acute Stress Exposure: An In Vivo Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study at 9.4 T
Authors: Hwang Yoon Ho , Lee Min-Hee , Yun Chang-Soo , Kim Yong-Tae , Baek Hyeon-Man , Han Bong Soo , Kim Dong Youn
Published: October 2021

An acute stress response is a complex process that activates the neuroendocrine and metabolic systems for homeostasis. A study on acute stress is important to understand how an organism adapts to stress for survival. However, most studies have focused on chronic stress, and there are few studies on acute stress. They have analyzed the metabolic alterations in the brain at a particular time after acute stress. This study explored the temporal variations of the brain metabolites in the hippocampus after acute restraint stress using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. All mice in the acute stress group were physically restrained for two hours in a 50 mL conical tube. A 9.4 T animal MRI and MRS scanner was used with point-resolved spectroscopy technique for data acquisition, which was repeated four times without interscan interval. Metabolites were quantified from the data using LCModel with a simulated basis set. Based on the change in concentration of metabolites, the data were statistically analyzed using two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance between groups and a support vector machine for all time points and Student’s t-test with FDR correction for each time point. The present study found that the differences between groups are significantly (

P
<
0.05

) presented in alanine and glutamate. The effect of time of the two metabolites significantly exists (

P
<
0.05

): the first, second, and third time points in alanine and the first and second time points in glutamate. A combination of stress-specific metabolites (alanine, glutamate, N-acetyl-aspartate) that best reflect the influence of acute stress was determined using a support vector machine. These findings may indicate the importance of the timing of analysis after acute stress and provide new insights into a deeper understanding of acute stress response, including the molecular mechanism of stress-related disorders and stress resilience or vulnerability.
Effects of Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Selective Laser Melting 316L Stainless Steel
Authors: Lei Jingfa , Ge Yongsheng , Liu Tao , Wei Zhan
Published: October 2021

316L stainless steel materials are widely used in impact‐resistant structures. Heat treatments could affect the mechanical properties of 316L stainless steel parts formed by selective laser melting (SLM), which is vital for ensuring service safety. This study aimed to analyze the mechanical behavior of SLM 316L stainless steel under different heat treatment methods. Therefore, test specimens were prepared using the SLM technique and then annealed at 400°C for 1 h. The solution was treated at 1050°C for 20 min. The dynamic compressive mechanical properties of the deposited, annealed, and solution‐treated specimens were tested at high strain rates by using a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) experimental apparatus. Moreover, the microstructures of the previously mentioned samples were analyzed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The experimental results showed that the three‐state samples exhibited strain rate sensitivity in the dynamic mechanical tests and that solution treatment could alter their mechanical properties significantly. In addition, the microstructure of the deposited specimens presented cylindrical cellular crystal features, which have a higher dislocation density. Hence, the yield strength of deposited specimens is higher than that of the solution‐treated ones. After annealing, the microstructures of the samples did not change obviously, and their dynamic yield strength remained almost unchanged. After solution treatment, its cellular crystal disappeared and dislocation density dropped dramatically, resulting in a sharp decrease in yield strength. Finally, this research can provide a theoretical reference for broadening the practical application of SLM 316L material parts.
An Improved High-Intelligence Method of Gas and Oil Pipeline Prewarning System in Real Soil Environment
Authors: Wang Fang , Xing Jichuan , Li Jinxin , Zhao Feng , Zhang Shufeng
Published: October 2021

With the development of technology, the total extent of global pipeline transportation is also increased. However, the traditional long-distance optical fiber prewarning system has poor real-time performance and high false alarm rate when recognizing events threatening pipeline safety. The same vibration signal would vary greatly when collected in different soil environments and this problem would reduce the signal recognition accuracy of the prewarning system. In this paper, we studied this effect theoretically and analyzed soil vibration signals under different soil conditions. Then we studied the signal acquisition problem of long-distance gas and oil pipeline prewarning system in real soil environment. Ultimately, an improved high-intelligence method was proposed for optimization. This method is based on the real application environment, which is more suitable for the recognition of optical fiber vibration signals. Through experiments, the method yielded high recognition accuracy of above 95%. The results indicate that the method can significantly improve signal acquisition and recognition and has good adaptability and real-time performance in the real soil environment.
Application of High‐Resolution Remote Sensing Image for Individual Tree Identification of Pinus sylvestris and Pinus tabulaeformis
Authors: Li Hong , Yang Wunian
Published: October 2021

Aiming at applying unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing technology in extracting individual standing tree information, a new automatic single‐tree information extraction method is proposed in this paper. The spectral information enhancement processing was performed on the original UAV image to highlight detailed local features; by importing DBI index, the optimal cluster number of the K‐means clustering was automatically determined, and image pixels were then marked; Gauss Markov random field (GMRF) model was employed to segment the image further; by mathematical morphology, operators to postprocess the segmentation results to obtain the individual standing tree crown information, and individual standing tree position was calculated through image geometric moment as the basis for its identification. The results show that with the proposed extraction method, the overall accuracy of standing tree identification for the Pinus sylvestris and Pinus tabulaeformis forest areas are 95.65% and 89.52%; the single‐tree crown extraction accuracy is 95.65% and 81.90%, respectively. This method exhibits good applicability while it does not require a large amount of manual intervention and prior knowledge, which significantly improves the automation of information extraction.
Financial Early Warning System Model Combining Hybrid Semantic Hierarchy with Group Method of Data Handling Neural Network for Detection of Banks’ Risks
Authors: Li Guangju
Published: October 2021

Banks, financial, and credit institutions encountering the weakening financial system and increased risk factors cause high inflation and great losses for an economy. Detecting financial risks in advance could help financial institutions avoid losses, and the financial system could be eventually affected less. Early warning systems for banks could be helpful to identify financial risks and take measures to deal with hazardous situations. Various approaches have already been put forward. However, inaccuracy issues in risk detection are one of the main issues. Combining semantic hierarchy with the GMDH neural network to predict financial risks is proposed. A semantic hierarchy approach based on converting risk-related values and picking influential variables could be practical in risk detection. Besides, the GMDH algorithm utilizing neural networks based on available data has the capability of predicting possible risks that could occur in the future. The outcomes of the proposed method when compared to non-data mining methods suggest that it improves accuracy by almost 20%.
Segmentation of Laser Marks of Diabetic Retinopathy in the Fundus Photographs Using Lightweight U-Net
Authors: Jiang Yukang , Pan Jianying , Yuan Ming , Shen Yanhe , Zhu Jin , Wang Yishen , Li Yewei , Zhang Ke , Yu Qingyun , Xie Huirui , Li Huiting , Wang Xueqin , Luo Yan
Published: October 2021

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a prevalent vision-threatening disease worldwide. Laser marks are the scars left after panretinal photocoagulation, a treatment to prevent patients with severe DR from losing vision. In this study, we develop a deep learning algorithm based on the lightweight U-Net to segment laser marks from the color fundus photos, which could help indicate a stage or providing valuable auxiliary information for the care of DR patients. We prepared our training and testing data, manually annotated by trained and experienced graders from Image Reading Center, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, publicly available to fill the vacancy of public image datasets dedicated to the segmentation of laser marks. The lightweight U-Net, along with two postprocessing procedures, achieved an AUC of 0.9824, an optimal sensitivity of 94.16%, and an optimal specificity of 92.82% on the segmentation of laser marks in fundus photographs. With accurate segmentation and high numeric metrics, the lightweight U-Net method showed its reliable performance in automatically segmenting laser marks in fundus photographs, which could help the AI assist the diagnosis of DR in the severe stage.
Semantic-Based Classification of Long Texts on Higher Education in China
Authors: Li Chun , Fei Yanying
Published: October 2021

The development level of higher education (HE) is an important indicator of the development level and development potential of a country. The HE-related document is the mirror to reflect the develop process of the HE. The research of high education (HE) has been developing rapidly in China, resulting in a huge number of texts, such as relevant policies, speech drafts, and yearbooks. The traditional manual classification of HE texts is inefficient and unable to deal with the huge number of HE texts. Besides, the effect of direct classification is rather poor because HE texts tend to be long and exist as an imbalanced dataset. To solve these problems, this paper improves the convolutional neural network (CNN) into the HE-CNN classification model for HE texts. Firstly, Chinese HE policies, speech drafts, and yearbooks (1979–2020) were downloaded from the official website of Chinese Ministry of Education. In total, 463 files were collected and divided into four classes, namely, definition, task, method, and effect evaluation. To handle the huge number of HE texts, the Twitter-latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) topic model was employed to extract word frequency and critical information, such as age and author, enhancing the training effect of CNN. To address the dataset imbalance problem, CNN parameters were optimized repeatedly through comparative experiments, which further improve the training effect. Finally, the proposed HE-CNN model was found more effective and accurate than other classification models.
Terminologia jurídico-policial: seleção de termos de uma terminologia inexplorada através de corpus
Authors: Costa Maria Izabel Plath da , Bevilacqua Cleci Regina , Maciel Anna Maria Becker
Published: October 2021

Este estudo descreve a seleção da terminologia jurídico-policial em um corpus formado por 75.000 históricos de boletins de ocorrência policial, lematizados no glossário eletrônico jurídico-policial da Polícia Civil do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A teoria comunicativa da terminologia (Cabré 1999) e a socioterminologia (Gaudin 1993) sustentam a obra. Os termos são selecionados no programa AntConc, pela funcionalidade palavras-chave, que são três termos para designar quem comete o ato delituoso (suspeito, acusado e indiciado/conduzido). As palavras-chave mostraram os co-textos do corpus e neles algumas variantes daquelas (indivíduo, bandido, etc.); além também de outros termos (fato, abaixo mencionado, etc.). O glossário será usado nos sistemas de informações policiais, e representa uma pequena contribuição para a eficácia da interpretação da lei, através da função social da linguística.
O léxico regional na obra Os sertões e sua tradução para o espanhol
Authors: Nascimento Geovanio Silva do , Barreiros Patrício Nunes
Published: October 2021

O trabalho que ora apresentamos corresponde aos resultados preliminares da pesquisa que tem como objetivo investigar a tradução do léxico regional da língua portuguesa do nordeste brasileiro tomando como corpus Os sertões (Cunha 2002) e sua tradução para a língua espanhola (Santos 1980). Trata-se de uma investigação pautada nos princípios científicos da lexicologia (Isquerdo; Oliveira 1998; Izquerdo 2007), investigação esta que pretende inventariar o vocabulário regional, estruturando-o em campos lexicais (Coseriu 1991 [1977], 1979) para em seguida analisar como este mesmo vocabulário foi traduzido para a língua espanhola com base na discussão sobre modalidades de tradução (Aubert 1998, 2006). Sabe-se que o léxico de uma língua pode ser difundido de várias maneiras e que a literatura é uma delas. A obra de Euclides da Cunha, utilizada como corpus desta pesquisa, ultrapassou as fronteiras do Brasil e da língua portuguesa, de modo a ser traduzida para vários idiomas e culturas, dando a conhecer a realidade sociocultural do nordeste por meio de um léxico regional. Este estudo contribui para melhor compreender o português brasileiro, assim como para entender de que maneira a realidade social do nordeste está sendo traduzida para outras culturas e contextos.
O skaz na tradução literária do par linguístico russo-português
Authors: Sales Denise Regina de
Published: October 2021

Na análise literária russa, a categoria skaz ganha relevância a partir dos estudos de Boris Eikhenbaum no começo do século XX. Em traduções brasileiras recentes, esse termo tem sido transliterado, destacado e anotado, enquanto em traduções precedentes havia sido traduzido de formas diversas, como, por exemplo, narração direta e narrativa direta. Na tradução literária, identificar e utilizar o recurso do skaz ajuda a preservar o tom coloquial, a identidade linguística do narrador e o ritmo da narrativa. Exemplos de traduções de contos de Mikhail Zóschenko e de versões de contos de Simões Lopes Neto reforçam essa questão.