bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding and Improving Content Moderation in Web3 Platforms
Authors: Zuo Wenrui , Mondragon Raul J , Raman Aravindh , Tyson Gareth
Published: May 2024

There have been numerous recent attempts to “decentralize” social media platforms, loosely referred to as Web3. Such ideas, often underpinned by blockchain solutions, offer decentralized equivalents of well-known services (e.g., forums, social networks, video sharing sites, microblogs). One particularly challenging function to implement in such a design is content moderation, due to the lack of central control. Consequently, they often rely on user-controlled moderation, whereby each user must create their own personal block list to filter out content they do not wish to see. This paper presents a first study of user-controlled moderation on one exemplar Web3 social microblogging platform called memo.cash. Based on a dataset covering 391K posts, we study the factors that lead users to “mute” each other. We find that the most crucial factor is the platform action count, rather than the presence of things like hate speech. We also show that the followership network plays a pivotal role in determining their visibility on the platform, further influencing their muting behavior. This leads us to design tooling to automate the muting process on a per-user basis. We model this as a recommendation problem, and experiment with a number of state-of-the-art recommender engines. We show that our system can generate effective personalized mute lists for users.
A Dataset to Assess Microsoft Copilot Answers in the Context of Swiss, Bavarian and Hessian Elections
Authors: Romano Salvatore , Angius Riccardo , Kerby Natalie , Bouchaud Paul , Amidei Jacopo , Kaltenbrunner Andreas
Published: May 2024

This study describes a dataset that allows to assess the emerging challenges posed by Generative Artificial Intelligence when doing Active Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG), especially when summarizing trustworthy sources on the Internet. As a case study, we focus on Microsoft Copilot, an innovative software that integrates Large Language Models (LLMs) and Search Engines (SE) making advanced AI accessible to the general public. The core contribution of this paper is the presentation of the largest public database to date of RAG responses to user prompts, collected during the 2023 electoral campaigns in Switzerland, Bavaria and Hesse. This dataset was compiled with the assistance of a group of experts who posed realistic voter questions and conducted fact-checking of Microsoft Copilot's responses. It contains prompts and answers in English, German, French and Italian. All the collection happened during the electoral campaign, between 21 August 2023 and 2 October 2023. The paper makes available the full set of 5,561 pairs of prompts and answers, including the URLs referenced in the answers. In addition to the dataset itself, we provide 1374 answers labelled by a group of experts who rated the accuracy of the answers in providing factual information, showing that almost one out of three times the chatbot responded with either factually incorrect information or completely nonsensical answers. This resource is intended to facilitate further research into the performance of LLMs in the context of elections, defined as a "high-risk scenario" by the Digital Services Act (DSA) Article 34(1)(c).
An application of the difference-in-differences method to study the impact of social disasters on tourist destination images: Focusing on the 10·29 Itaewon Tragedy
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Yoo Joonil , Yhee Yerin , Kim Minhyeok , Koo Chulmo
Published: May 2024

On October 29, 2022, the 10·29 Itaewon Tragedy in South Korea claimed 159 lives and left 196 injured, who were predominantly young adults celebrating Halloween and post-social distancing. Global leaders extended deep condolences, recognizing the profound effect of this devastating incident had on the nation. Past research reveals that disasters have detrimental effects on tourist destination images and visitation intentions. Emotional and cognitive reactions to disasters follow an intricate mechanism. According to the cognitive appraisal theory of emotions, emotions originate from two-stage cognitive appraisals of certain environments. In tourism contexts, tourists' emotions may also influence how disasters and other negative incidents are perceived and interpreted. This study employs the difference-in-differences method to investigate how tourists' emotions contribute to post-disaster changes in destination images. The tourism industry is highly sensitive to crises, and social disasters related to safety can have huge impacts on destination images. Safety perceptions of tourists can be crucial to their destination selection, and therefore the Itaewon area, Korea's first special tourist zone, demands a more comprehensive analysis. As such, this study seeks to understand the destination image changes caused by the 10·29 Itaewon Tragedy and suggest ways to alleviate the negative ripple effects that its residents and tourism businesses may face.
Farmers’ evaluation and economic viability of Urochloa grasses grown on Nitosol and Vertisol in middle elevations in Ethiopia
Authors: Hunegnaw Beyadglign , Mekuriaw Yeshambel , Asmare Bimrew , Mekuriaw Shigdaf
Published: May 2024

This field study was carried out in the Ethiopian mid-elevations on Vertisol and Nitosol to determine effects of fertilizer use and identify more productive Urochloa grass varieties and cultivars based on farmers' variety evaluation and partial budget analyses. The study evaluated Urochloa brizantha cultivars ‘La Libertad’ and ‘Marandu’, Urochloa hybrid cultivars ‘Mulato I’ (Mulato I) and ‘Mulato II’ (Mulato II) and Urochloa mutica species. Data on farmers' variety selection were gathered at 45 and 90 days after planting. Pair wise preference ranking was used to record farmers' variety preferences and partial budgeting was used for economic analysis. Farmers selected Urochloa grass varieties or cultivars based on a variety of factors, including plant height, number of tillers, leafiness and smoothness. Mulato II, U. mutica and Mulato I were chosen in first, second and third rank, respectively, based on evaluation using farmers' criteria. U. mutica and Mulato II showed the highest gross benefit and benefit-cost ratio when fertilizer was applied at both sites. U. mutica produced the highest dry matter yield at both sites. U. mutica and Mulato II were selected as having superior production to meet requirements for fodder quantity in the research areas.
La violencia social en los relatos a las infancias (Ecuador)
Authors:   Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, República Argentina, Drach María Cecilia
Published: May 2024

¿A quién no le han contado un cuento en su infancia? ¿Quién no ha escuchado el relato de “La Bella y la Bestia”, “Cenicienta”, “Caperucita Roja”? Solo por nombrar alguno de los más famosos “cuentos de hadas”. Todos estamos atravesados por la narración de estos y muchos otros cuentos infantiles. La llegada de la industria cinematográfica y de las películas ha influido en la sociedad como una forma de esparcimiento, recreación y entretenimiento, donde el grupo de gente que lo está viviendo llega a proyectarse con ciertas historias o ciertos personajes. Los cuentos destinados a las infancias a menudo se asocian con la imaginación y el encanto de la infancia. Sin embargo, muchos cuentos infantiles tradicionales presentan personajes que cometen actos controversiales y violentos. A menudo, estos actos se presentan como justificados o necesarios frente a diversos eventos, esto nos lleva a verlos como naturales o aceptables.
Desterritorialización, violencia y etnocidio en la Amazonía ecuatoriana
Authors:   Universidad Politécnica Salesiana (Ecuador), Garzón-Vera Blas , Sagal Luna Yakir ,   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM
Published: May 2024

El capítulo “Desterritorialización, violencia y etnocidio en la Amazonía ecuatoriana” es un aporte para el libro Violencia: dimensiones e implicaciones, gracias a una gentil invitación de su editora. Enfatiza en un planteamiento teórico para definir los conceptos de desterritorialización, violencia y etnocidio, y luego centra su atención en el análisis de la presencia misionera salesiana en parte de los territorios de la Amazonía ecuatoriana. La desterritorialización es comprendida no únicamente como la destrucción física de territorios y espacios, más bien como la reproducción de nuevas dinámicas hegemónicas que desestructuran la organización socioespacial y el tejido social, simbólico y material de los pueblos originarios, en donde estos se asentaban, sus ecosistemas y su impacto en la región.
Influencia de la posición de juego en las aceleraciones y deceleraciones soportadas por jugadoras semiprofesionales de balonmano en competición oficial
Authors: García-Sánchez Carlos , Navarro Rafael Manuel , De la Rubia Alfonso , Tannion Kyran
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare the differences between playing positions on accelerations and decelerations registered during official competitions in female handball. Twenty-two semi-professional female players from the Spanish 2nd Division were monitored across 13 official matches. Accelerations and decelerations were collected in absolute and relative values (normalized by playing time) using a local positioning system (WIMU PROTM, Realtrack Systems S.L., Almería, Spain). Playing positions differences were determined by variance analysis one-way ANOVA with partial Eta-squared (ηp2) or epsilon-squared (ε2). Wings performed the highest number of accelerations and decelerations, followed by backs and pivots (p < 0.05). On the other hand, backs experienced a greater number of accelerations and decelerations per minute (p < 0.05). In conclusion, accelerations and decelerations differs between playing positions during official female competitions and these differences should be considered by practitioners to better prescribe and periodize training load and to design more individualized training programs.
Geosites as attractions and the basis of geotourism post-war recovery and development of the region (on the example of the Dnieper Highlands of Kyiv Oblast)
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Dariі A. , Udovychenko V. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: May 2024

The article examines geosites as a promising basis for post-war geotourism restoration of the attractiveness of the region and the development of geotourism in Ukraine, using the example of the Dnieper Highlands of Kyiv Oblast. The key geosites-attractions of the geotourism region of the Dnipro Upland, in particular, within the Kyiv region, were studied as valuable scientific, tourist, recreational objects and geological and geomorphological attractions of this territory. The author's tourist route («Novo-Petrivsky geological section – Bohuslav granite exposure»)with sights of natural origin, as well as ways to improve the logistics of geotourism in the Kyiv region, are proposed as promising directions for the post-war recovery of the selected region and an instrument of territorial planning improving the economic situation in the region.
Ecotourism potential of Lower Dniester National Nature Park
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Luts Andrii , Haidai Serhii ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: May 2024

The article analyzes the natural and recreational resources for ecological tourism within the Lower Dniester National Nature Park (LDNNP). The results of the study showed that the best time to visit the LDNNP is the period from April to October. At this time, there is a maximum species diversity of plants and animals, as well as favorable weather conditions. In general, the territory of the LDNNP is characterized by a rather large diversity of flora and fauna, the presence of a significant number of species from the Red Book of Ukraine, a well-developed hydrological network, and the presence of viewing platforms. The article also describes the list of ecological recreational services provided by the LDNNP. The conclusions provide recommendations for the further development and popularization of ecotourism on the territory of the park.
Challenges of post-war terrestrial ecosystem restoration in the context of sustainable development implementation (a case study of Kyiv region)
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Yurieva A. , Udovychenko V. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: May 2024

The Kyiv region is one of the areas in Ukraine that has suffered from the war. The military actions have caused significant damage to the terrestrial ecosystems of the Kyiv region, creating new problems and exacerbating existing ones. Addressing these challenges is crucial for the future development of the region. The best approach in this case is to apply the concept of sustainable development, which will not only restore nature but also preserve it for future generations. Considering that terrestrial systems and complexes are the most affected by military aggression, experiencing both destructive and total devastating impacts, achieving Goal 15 (Life on Land) in the region in the context of the consequences of this war seems extremely problematic. Therefore, analyzing the challenges that need to be overcome is timely. During the research, a number of methods were applied, including analysis, synthesis, systematization, comparison, study of sources, interpretation of satellite images, and other cartographic materials. Thus, the article characterizes the current state of terrestrial ecosystems in the Kyiv region before and after the full-scale russian invasion of Ukraine. The main challenges at that time were related to radiation contamination in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone, uncontrolled deforestation, industrial pollution, and exhaust emissions. After the full-scale invasion, the consequences of military actions in the region became catastrophic and detrimental to all living things. Among them are the contamination of terrestrial ecosystems with explosive substances and ammunition, burning of forest areas, loss of biodiversity, and flooding of large territories. These challenges pose a threat to the safety of people and animals and slow down the implementation of sustainable development principles. In this regard, recommendations were developed on how to achieve relatively faster restoration of the area, using the experience of other countries in achieving Sustainable Development Goal 15 and their scientific implementation in this context.
FOLKLORE AND CUSTOMARY LAW: LEGAL MEANINGS IN UKRAINIAN FOLK TRADITIONS
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, IVANOVSKA Olena
Published: May 2024

Folklore is a key source for understanding the fundamentals of legal relations in the traditional Ukrainian society. The proposed article focuses on customary law as an archaic form of legal relations that developed as a creative product with characteristic features of a folklore text, namely variability, anonymity, syncretism, where ritual becomes a tool for manifesting and implementing the custom, making it public. In this context, folk poetic creativity emerges as the oldest source of the Ukrainian legal culture. The research highlights that folklore texts contain significant elements that help reveal the characteristic features of traditional legal systems, including labor relations, rituals, social contracts, and sales agreements. A philological approach to deciphering legal relics, based on the analysis of folk tales, songs, proverbs, sayings, and rituals, is a novel direction in folklore and humanities research in general. Through this approach, the article reveals the diversity of cultural traditions that served as a legal basis in the Ukrainian society and shows how customs regulated labor and social relations. The study offers a new perspective on the importance of folk poetic texts as a source of legal culture demonstrating how they reflect and shape societal norms, reinforcing them with collective rituals and ceremonies. This approach helps uncover hidden meanings and legal principles that define traditional life, making them accessible to the modern reader. The study draws attention to the underexplored ways of understanding the specificity of the unique Ukrainian legal culture through the decoding of the legal semantics in oral texts and ritual actors’ regular practices. The proposed ideas are based on the experience of studying the history of the Ukrainian customary law by scholars from the University of Saint Volodymyr and the author’s interpretation of folklore as a semiosphere of traditional meanings, where legal senses are significant, and their variable, as well as public expression through ritual texts has sanctioning power and is part of collective communication.
LOCAL SPECIFICITY OF HUTSUL RIDDLES
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, SALTOVSKA Nataliia
Published: May 2024

Contemporary folklore studies require both new innovative approaches to the study of the modern genre of the Ukrainian folklore and comprehension, reprinting, as well as research of the works of folklorists of previous centuries. Given that riddles, as a genre of folklore, have attracted researchers’ attention within the context of studying other genre formations such as fairy tales, legends, folk lyrics, calendar customs, and family rituals, exploring the genre in various conceptual directions appears promising. Riddles were incorporated into compilations of the Ukrainian paroemias during the 1840s, often organized within distinct sections that typically lacked a formal classification framework. Scholarly exploration of the genre commenced in the latter half of the nineteenth century characterized by sporadic publications. The exploration of regional particularities in the formation of the riddle genre remains largely unexplored within the Ukrainian riddle studies predetermining comprehensive investigation. The article undertakes an examination of the texts extracted from the compilations of V. Shukhevych’s Hutsulshchyna (Vol. 5, 1908), H. Ilkevych’s Galician Proverbs and Riddles (1841), and M. Nomys’s Ukrainian Proverbs, Sayings, and so on (1864) aimed at discerning localized characteristics at the textual level excluding dialectal linguistic forms. The inquiry focuses on the analysis of congruences between the metaphorical components of textual questions in riddles documented in the Hutsul region and those found in riddles collected from other regions of Ukraine. The research yields the following conclusions. Riddles were prevalent across Ukraine exhibiting primarily universal elements alongside distinctive local traits. Consequently, the riddles documented in the Hutsul region manifest disparities across various dimensions, i.e. compositionally (via the original method of riddling involving the addition of a consistent opening to the text), lexically (through the use of dialectal expressions), and pertaining to a subject matter (notably encompassing riddles concerning indigenous flora, regional fauna denominations, tools, types of economic pursuits, and so forth).
Indirect Spectrophotometric Determination of Furosemide using Eriochrome Black-T Dye
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Science (Ibn Al-Haitham), University of Baghdad, Iraq, Al-Khero Amina  Ammar , Al-Enizzi Mohammed Salim ,   Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Science (Ibn Al-Haitham), University of Baghdad, Iraq
Published: May 2024

A simple, economical and sensitive indirect spectrophotometric method for the determination of furosemide in its pure form and in pharmaceutical preparations is described. The method is based on the oxidation of furosemide by permanganate in acidic medium, then the reaction of the remaining potassium permanganate to oxidize the dye Eriochrome Black-T at a wavelength of 535 nm. The method follows Beer's law within the range (0.25-10) μg mL-1 and the molar absorbance is 1.5×104 L mol-1 cm-1. The value of the determination coefficient was 0.9984, the recovery rate was 100.53 % and the relative error value was 1.12 %, while the value of the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification was (LOQ) 0.118 and 0.395 μg mL-1 respectively. It was found that the method does not suffer from interactions, and the method can be applied to pharmaceutical preparations (ampoules and tablets).
First Record of a Hermaphroditic Muskrat
Authors: Althoff Donald P. , McCaulla Rachel E.
Published: May 2024

This paper documents the first reported record of a hermaphroditic muskrat, Ondatra zibethicus L. A common semi-aquatic furbearer, muskrats are distributed across much of North America. During routine dissection of muskrat carcasses (n = 114) harvested by trappers in southern Ohio during 2010, 2011, 2012, 2014, and 2021, a subadult/adult specimen was observed to have what appeared to be fully developed ovaries and testes. A written description and photographic documentation of this hermaphroditic muskrat is provided.
A study of the health benefits of the Yoga Prana Vidya healing camp conducted at YPV Ashram in December 2022
Authors: Neravetla Jayachander Reddy , Nanduri Venkata Satyanarayana
Published: May 2024

Background: Several YPV Healing Camp programmes in the past have assisted people of all ages in treating and resolving their current health problems and lowering their chance of developing future chronic illnesses, which typically begin early and get worse with age. This paper presents one such camp and its outcomes successfully conducted at the YPV Ashram in December 2022.
Methods: An interventional method for evaluating the outcomes of this camp is used. Patients’ data was collected before and after this camp by a team of 6 YPV healers who performed healing services using YPV protocols. The patient sample consisted of 29 adults (20 female and 9 male) from various places in the country who registered their voluntary participation.
Results: Measured parameters such as body weight (Wt.), body mass index (BMI), V Fat, waist circumference, blood pressure (both Systolic and diastolic), and O2 saturation showed statistically significant improvements for the group. The patients experienced considerable improvements in their conditions such as pain in various parts of the body, and other physiological, psychological, and mental health issues.
Conclusions: The key success aspects of the YPV healing and wellness camps are the teamwork, preparation and scheduling, expertise, competence, and dedication of the healers. The Yoga Prana Vidya method, as a supplementary and alternative medicine, has had such an impact on the healthcare system that those who have sought this therapeutic system have experienced it well. More research is recommended on this topic utilizing suitable techniques and samples.
Assessment of anemia in cases of acute myocardial infarction in a tertiary care hospital in central India
Authors: Thakur Aditya , Peepre Kunal , Pendro Budhram , Dhakar Jagmohan Singh , Singh Tej Pratap , Lalu Aryasree
Published: May 2024

Background: Anemia is a known risk factor for ischemic heart disease and heart failure. It is also associated with increased mortality in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients. The study aimed to determine the anemia status of AMI patients and educate them on anemia and its impact on health.
Methods: This was cross-sectional study conducted among 100 AMI patients admitted to ICCU of Hamidia hospital, Bhopal over 2 months. Haemoglobin levels were recorded and patients classified as non-anemic, mildly, moderately or severely anemic based on WHO criteria. Patients' sociodemographic profile and risk factors also collected.
Results: Of the 100 patients (mean age 55.6 years), 76% were males. 88% patients had anemia-74% mild, 13% moderate and 1% severe. The 30-45 years age group reported the highest frequency of mild anemia cases (20 out of 31). Absence of anemia was highest among the younger <30 years group (9 out of 31). Anemia was higher in females, Patient with vegetarian diet had comparatively more anemia than the patient consuming mixed diet.
Conclusions: A high prevalence of anemia was found among AMI patients. Counselling can help improve health by increasing awareness of anemia management. Screening AMI patients for anemia and therapeutic interventions were recommended.
A school based cross-sectional study to assess the health problems and health status among school going children at Akhorigola, Rohtas District, Bihar
Authors: Joseph Lisy , Umar Mohammed , Kumari Shweta , Kumar Dipu , Kumari Mamta
Published: May 2024

Background: School-going children constitute one-fifth of the total population. They are the future of the nation's successor generation; therefore, high-performing students are important investments in building the nation's future. This study aimed to identify the health problems among school-going children.
Methods: The current research was a cross-sectional study conducted in the Akhorigola block of Rohtas, targeting school-going children. A total of 650 participants were selected through a purposive sampling technique and assessed using a pre-structured format. The acquired data was analyzed using the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) to calculate the results based on objectives and hypotheses.
Results: The outcomes of the study showed that among the 360 school-age boy participants, 210 (58.33%) had a normal weight, 100 (27.79%) were underweight, and 50 (13.88%) were overweight. Among the 290 girl participants, 150 (51.82%) had a normal weight, 110 (37.84%) were underweight, and 30 (10.34%) were overweight. The study also revealed that the majority of the 650 participants, 149 (22.92%), had inadequate personal hygiene, 109 (16.76%) had dental caries, 78 (12%) were affected by worm infestation, 55 (8.46%) were anemic, 47 (7.23%) had vitamin-A deficiency, 44 (6.76%) had scalp and hair problems, 38 (5.84%) had ear problems, and 30 (4.61%) had impaired visual acuity.
Conclusions: Implementing school health programs can pose several challenges, but these can be effectively tackled through the integration of activities between the health and education departments.
Assessment of demographic attributes and health profile of schedule caste of 5 villages of Aligarh District, Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Akhtar Sada , Mudassir Mohd , Faiz Abul , Khan Parvez , Afza Sheereen , Ahmad Farha , Ahmad N. Zaheer
Published: May 2024

Background: Demography is the scientific study of human populations. It takes into account the quantitative aspects of their general characteristics. In this paper health profile and different attributes of demography like age, gender, caste, marital status, educational status, temperament and occupation etc of scheduled caste people of 5 villages of Aligarh district were assessed and documented.
Methods: A pretested, predesigned questionnaire containing the demographic attributes was filled by researchers by face-to-face examination of the population through scheduled caste sub plan mobile health care OPD’s. Surveys were conducted from 2nd June to 25th September 2022.
Results: Collected and analyzed data exhibits that there were marked difference with the age groups 0-15, 26-45 and 66-85, gender, caste, with religion of Hindu (90.83%) and Muslim (7.33%), educational status regarding illiterate (59.81) and graduate or above (1.65%), Mizaj, dietary habit and there were no significant differences regarding marital status, occupation and addiction behavior were noticed.  
Conclusions: It can be concluded that majority of the scheduled caste population was living in interiors of rural areas with low socio-economic and health status. Most visited gender were females which indicate poor nutrition, lack of immunity and excessive burden on them. Majority of the population belongs to Balghami Mizaj. Most preferred diets were mixed and main occupation of the scheduled caste population was agriculture. This study will make policy makers and health workers derive practical conclusions which will help in the upliftment of the scheduled caste populations.
A cross sectional study on vaccination coverage of COVID-19 in rural slums of field practice area of a medical college in Hyderabad
Authors: Hussain Nadia Mouzzam , Neeluri Rajesh , Ahmad Sultan Rizwan
Published: May 2024

Background: The COVID-19, a global pandemic, first identified in the Hubei province (Wuhan), China in December, 2019 is caused by SARS-CoV-2. Attempts of containing it there failed, causing it to spread to other regions of Asia and eventually around the whole world in 2020. To control the risk of transmission, non-pharmaceutical interventions were taken up by the governments all over the world. Subsequently, vaccines were developed which were administered. Vaccine hesitancy has become a significant barrier in various countries due to expeditious pace of vaccine development. Hence, this study was conducted to estimate the COVID-19 vaccination coverage in rural slums of field practice area of a medical college in Hyderabad.
Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted between January 2023 to March 2023 in field practice area of RHTC of a medical college in Hyderabad. Data was collected from 400 eligible participants, who were selected by simple random sampling, using a predesigned, pretested structured questionnaire. Data was entered in Microsoft Excel and analysed using SPSS Version 20. Chi square test was applied.
Results: In the present study, 60% of the study participants had taken COVID vaccine. Vaccination coverage was high i.e., 65.35% among 18-28 years of age group, 82.2% in females, 62.66% in Muslims, 85.71% in graduates, 80.90% in semi-skilled workers and 77.77% in upper middle socioeconomic class.
Conclusions: The COVID-19 vaccination coverage was low in rural slums. Age, gender, religion, education, occupation and socioeconomic status are important determinants of COVID-19 vaccination.
The impact of medical staff motivation on the quality of practice in healthcare: a systematic review
Authors: Albenhasnan Badr A. , Alshaikhsaleh Fatimah Y. , Almutawah Hasan A.
Published: May 2024

Health professionals deal with human life and are required to perform many functions simultaneously, including taking care of patients, teaching medical students, and having a variety of administrative responsibilities, in addition to the responsibilities that come with having their own family. Therefore, a lack of motivation among health professionals at any level of this hierarchy can have an effect on their performance, which in turn can have an impact, either directly or indirectly, on the patients. In this research, a systematic review of primary data from the United Kingdom, Europe, Africa, and Asia was carried out to consolidate the existing evidence about the impact that the motivation of medical staff has on the quality of practice in the healthcare industry. It was found that it is essential to motivate people to increase the total productivity of their work, and a range of financial and non-financial strategies may be used to accomplish this objective. However, to correctly implement the most successful type of motivation, managers or supervisors must assess their workers individually and the workforce. We can conclude that medical staff motivation has a positive impact on the quality of practice in healthcare. However, Healthcare worker motivation is not the result of a simple cause-and-effect relationship but rather a complex interaction of elements, all of which must be addressed within the context of the cultural norms governing each country's healthcare system.
Feeding practices and obstetricians recommendations during COVID-19: a telephone-based qualitative study in South India
Authors: Sucharitha Sree T. , Lakshmi R. Vijaya , Venugopal R. , Singh Revathi , Nivetha R.
Published: May 2024

Infant and young child feeding practice (IYCF) by World Health Organization (WHO) strongly encourage initiation and continuation of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) in the COVID-19 pandemic backdrop with essential counseling about the benefits of breastfeeding against risks of transmission. This study aimed to explore qualitatively the knowledge and understand the recommended practices regarding infant and IYCFs during COVID-19 pandemic among obstetricians in diverse care settings in Chennai. One-to-One telephone-interviews were conducted among sixteen obstetric practitioners from diverse care settings in Chennai during May 2021-October 2021 using a 13-item interview guide and recorded with informed consent. The transcribed data were analyzed thematically. Among the all-female study participants, the mean age was 39.7 years (SD=10.45 years) and 68.8% (11) were aged 31-40 years, 180 lactating mothers received COVID-19 counseling and 130 referred for testing in preceding month, 56.3% were aware that COVID- 19 is not passed in breast milk and 93.8% knew it is safe to feed breast milk from suspected or confirmed positive mothers. All obstetricians were aware of hygiene recommendations for lactation mothers and only 75% were aware of WHO recommendation for IYCF during-COVID-19. This qualitative study unearths the key areas to focus on during awareness and training sessions for obstetricians further strengthen the promotion of optimal breastfeeding practices during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Integrated analysis of health dynamics in esports: injury profiles, intervention strategies, and health optimization protocols
Authors: Mondal Rima , G. S. Nithish
Published: May 2024

The rapidly expanding realm of Electronic Sports (eSports) has captivated global attention, blurring the lines between virtual entertainment and traditional athletics. As participation in eSports continues to rise, these competitive gaming platforms are increasingly recognized as legitimate sports. However, with this surge in participation, there's a simultaneous increase in the susceptibility to health hazards, spanning both physical and psychological domains. Musculoskeletal injuries, caused by extended sedentary postures and repetitive motions, afflict eSports athletes, resulting in discomfort in the wrists and hands, alongside back and neck problems. The prolonged exposure to screens predisposes participants to vision-related concerns, highlighting the imperative of addressing ocular health within the eSports community. Simultaneously, the intense cognitive demands and competitive pressures exacerbate mental health challenges, resulting in depression and anxiety among players. Similar to traditional athletes, eSports competitors need appropriate protocols to minimize injury risks, alongside access to medical intervention to manage potential health hazards. This review comprehensively analyses the health dynamics of eSports, elucidating injury profiles, intervention strategies, and health optimization protocols essential for safeguarding the well-being of eSports athletes and enhancing awareness within the eSports community.
Lazarus syndrome-a miraculous revival
Authors: V. Adithya , Jose K. Don
Published: May 2024

The Lazarus syndrome, named after the biblical account of Lazarus, being raised from the dead, refers to the uncommon occurrence of spontaneous recovery of circulation following failed resuscitation attempts. This review article delves into the historical foundations, underlying mechanisms, prominent instances, disputes, ethical concerns, medical interventions, and psychological consequences of Lazarus syndrome. Despite being recorded in medical literature, the mechanisms underlying this condition are not well known. Possible explanations include medication-related delays, hyperkalemia, reperfusion damage, myocardial shock, and brainstem reflexes. While Lazarus syndrome calls into question our notion of life and death, it also raises ethical concerns about death verification, informed consent, quality of life, resource allocation, and cultural values therapies include diagnosing underlying reasons, enhanced cardiac life support, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, therapeutic hypothermia, and ongoing monitoring. The psychological burden on healthcare staff and families is significant, necessitating assistance and coping measures. Understanding and managing the intricacies of Lazarus syndrome is critical to the well-being of everyone concerned.
Premature presbyopia: causes, diagnosis, and management strategies - an overview
Authors: Sonali K. M. , Dubey Gaurav , Pant Kamal , Tripathi Aditya , Yadav Priti
Published: May 2024

Premature presbyopia refers to the early onset of age-related vision changes typically associated with presbyopia, a condition characterized by the loss of near vision accommodation. This review article aims to provide an overview of the causes, diagnosis, and management strategies for premature presbyopia. The database collected from PubMed, PubMed Central (PMC), Cochrane library, and Google scholar and research gate. This review discusses the potential underlying mechanisms contributing to premature presbyopia, including genetic factors, environmental influences, and ocular conditions. Additionally, the diagnostic criteria and assessment methods used to identify premature presbyopia and differentiate it from other vision disorders. Finally, this review examines various management options for premature presbyopia, including corrective lenses, pharmacological interventions, surgical procedures, and emerging treatments. By understanding the factors contributing to premature presbyopia and implementing appropriate management strategies, healthcare professionals can effectively address the needs of individuals experiencing early onset age-related vision changes.
ANÁLISE DO CONHECIMENTO DE PROFISSIONAIS DA SAÚDE ACERCA DA PRÁTICA DA MOBILIZAÇÃO PRECOCE EM UM HOSPITAL UNIVERSITÁRIO DE BELÉM DO PARÁ
Authors: Carneiro Carlos Diego Lisbôa , Linhares Natália Albim , Pinto Denise da Silva , Falcão Sarges Edilene do Socorro Nascimento
Published: May 2024

Objetivo: analisar o nível de conhecimento dos profissionais da saúde acerca da prática de Mobilização Precoce (MP) em um hospital universitário de referência de Belém do Pará. Métodos: estudo analítico, transversal, quantitativo, de centro único, com os profissionais da saúde que fazem parte da assistência do Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto. O questionário foi reproduzido por intermédio da ferramenta on-line Google Forms. Os profissionais tiveram acesso por meio de um link. Para a comparação entre os resultados dos questionários, assim como a associação entre a categoria profissional e os itens respondidos, foi utilizado o teste qui-quadrado, adotando-se nível de significância (p valor) ? 5%. Para o estudo da concordância sobre as indicações e as contraindicações da MP entre os profissionais, foi utilizado o indicador de Kappa. Resultados: a amostra consistiu em 78 profissionais, o setor de trabalho em que mais profissionais participaram foi a Unidade de Terapia Intensiva com 37 (37,4%) indivíduos, sendo que os profissionais trabalham, em grande parte, no turno da manhã. Observou-se que cerca de 80% (p = 0,001) dos profissionais de saúde do hospital relataram ter conhecimento sobre a MP. Conclusão: de modo geral, os profissionais que mais souberam as indicações e as contraindicações/critérios de interrupção para a MP foram os fisioterapeutas. A equipe multiprofissional possui conhecimento sobre a prática de MP.
Investigation of physics of main signal subharmonics generation in wide-band microwave amplifiers
Authors:   Saratov State University, Yavchunovsky Viktor
Published: May 2024

The effect of subharmonic generation in а wide-band amplifier (amplifying schemes) is discovered and explored when microwave signal of main frequency is fed to the amplifier input. It is determined that main reason of this effect is the specificity of beharmonical interaction in such schemes. The effective methods are found to provide stable operation of wide—band amplifiers of microwave signals and amplifying schemes.
Global education: The need for innovative approach towards engaging intellectually brilliant students
Authors: Ampofo Isaac Atta Senior , Ampofo Isaac Atta Junior
Published: May 2024

Education is recognized as a universal vehicle for the transmission of values’ and ideas’ for the development of the complete individual in connection to society’s changing reality. High-quality education can help individuals develop their minds and help society transform economically, socially, and politically. The quality of education provided to such individuals brings out intellectually brilliant students who need to be engaged in a way that will help them utilize their intellectual abilities. What then are the needs of intellectually brilliant students in today’s education? To probe further, the study explores the innovative approach to achieve the intellectually brilliant students’ needs. A qualitative approach was adopted for the study. Ten intellectually brilliant students were studied as case studies. Semi-structured 45-minute focus groups/interviews were conducted with the selected students, resulting in a total of 10 interviewees. Intellectually brilliant students need worldwide technological collaboration to grow their intellectual abilities to meet the needs of the world in terms of human resources, food security, job creation, infrastructure development, and social stability. Field teachers need tolerance, effort, and time to assess their own sentiments toward intellectually brilliant students and come up with teaching goals with them. Intellectually brilliant students need worldwide technological collaboration to grow their intellectual abilities to meet the needs of the world in terms of human resources, food security, job creation, infrastructure development, and social stability.
Received: 21 September 2022Accepted: 20 April 2024
Corporativity and Self-Government or Corporate Self-Government?
Authors:   Postgraduate Student of the Department of Advocacy of the Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL), Murylev Ilya M.
Published: May 2024

A number of scientific articles devoted to the Russian legal profession, its structure and principles of activity use the term “corporate self-government” as one of the principles of the legal profession. However, in the current Law on the Bar, corporate self-government is not mentioned, and among the principles the legislator has highlighted two separate principles — self-government and corporatism. The article reveals the legal nature of corporatism and self-government of the legal profession, examines their relationship with each other, makes comparisons with other institutions in terms of the implementation of self-government, and also provides arguments about the need to use the term “corporate self-government” as the name of the principle of activity of the legal community and make appropriate changes to Law on Advocacy.
‘Only Idiots Get Vaccinated w’: A Corpus-Assisted Analysis of Laughter-Text in Japanese Online (Anti-)Vaccination Discourses
Authors: Diegoli Eugenia
Published: May 2024

Building on Partington’s research on laughter-talk in press briefings (Partington 2006, 2017), this study examines the textual representation of laughter in the subforum korona wakuchin tte yabaku nai? ‘isn’t the COVID vaccine insane?’ on the Japanese web forum 5channeru ‘Channel 5’. On Channel 5, user interaction is very straight-talking and the COVID vaccine is framed as a highly controversial topic. This prompts interactants to signal (dis)affiliation with the (no-vax) stance in a variety of ways, one of which is laughter. The study focuses on the character ‘w’, which conventionally denotes laughter in written Japanese. The main questions that I ask are: What are the functions of laughter-text in the data? What elicits laughter?
The analysis of 3,006 comments (285,582 tokens) revealed 195 valid instances of the laughing character ‘w’. The meticulous close reading of concordances, combined with keyword and collocational analysis, revealed that, in this specific setting, laughter often accompanies messages conveying aggression towards and superiority over the recipient (laughing at) and that it is almost invariably triggered by the very same post the laughter is embedded in, rather than by something previously posted by others. Although a Japanese online forum is very different from English press briefings, the study shows that it can be analysed adapting the methods and taxonomies developed by Partington.
Evaluation in a cross-linguistic perspective: Investigating semantic prosody across English and German near-synonyms
Authors: Polizzi Daniele , Bernardini Silvia , Ferraresi Adriano
Published: May 2024

The present study follows in the path of previous research on semantic prosody, shifting its focus to the domain of near-synonymy analysed from a cross-linguistic perspective. The targeted items are English and German near-synonymous schemata expressing a sense of persuasion. The aim is to assess whether there are notable differences and/or overlaps in their evaluative behaviour and pragmatic function. Results highlight an “evaluative gap” existing between the English and German patterns, reflected in subtle differences in meaning nuances not always picked up by dictionary definitions. These results are discussed in the light of their relevance for translation and contrastive studies, as well as their practical implications for corpus-assisted lexicography.
Corpus-based ESP Genre Analysis and Corpus-Assisted Discourse Studies (CADS): Exploring Connections
Authors: Flowerdew Lynne
Published: May 2024

Corpus-assisted discourse studies (CADS) and corpus-based ESP (English for specific purposes) genre analysis may seem worlds apart. While the two approaches use similar corpus analysis tools, the topics investigated are quite different. The focus of CADS tends to be on political and media discourses and press briefings, and more recently on environmental concerns such as climate change. In contrast, the notion of genre is generally concerned with academic and professional written genres. On the surface, they would appear to have different ontologies and epistemologies. This paper aims to show, with reference to key work in CADS and pedagogic applications of corpus-based ESP genre analysis, that they do, in fact, share commonalities. These are illustrated using three main linguistic insights gleaned from corpus investigations in CADS work: co-selection/co-occurrence, lexical priming and evaluative cohesion. Future work in both areas is discussed with some comments on how AI/ChatGPT may be a help or hindrance to CADS and corpus-based genre investigations.