Quimiocinas e sua importância na infecção por Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Sena Ludmilla , Loureiro Dan , Sousa Thiago De Jesus , Meyer Roberto , Portela Ricardo Wagner 
Published: April 2018

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citocinas estruturalmente homólogas, que recrutam células de defesa do hospedeiro para os locais de infecção, e regulam o tráfego de linfócitos e outros leucócitos através dos tecidos linfóides periférico. Especificamente no combate às bactérias intracelulares, o tráfego e a recirculação celular são processos cruciais orquestrados por estas moléculas e seus receptores. O <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> é o agente etiológico da tuberculose humana, e possui a capacidade de sobreviver e de se replicar dentro dos fagócitos, tornando-se inacessível aos anticorpos circulantes. Consequentemente, sua eliminação depende basicamente de mecanismos da imunidade mediada por células, envolvendo a produção de diversas citocinas, com interações bastante complexas. Desta forma, na dinâmica da resposta imune contra o <em>M. tuberculosis</em>, as quimiocinas têm função primordial na formação e manutenção do granuloma, principal estrutura formada na tentativa de conter a disseminação deste patógeno no organismo. Portanto, pretende-se discutir a importância das quimiocinas no contexto da imunidade e/ou proteção contra a infecção com <em>M. tuberculosis</em>, relacionando-se os principais avanços na pesquisa sobre esta interação.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">Chemokines and their role in the infection by <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">Chemokines (chemotactic cytokines) are a large family of structurally homologous cytokines, which recruit host defense cells to infection sites, and regulate the traffic of lymphocytes and other leukocytes through peripheral lymphoid tissues. Specifically in the defense against intracellular bacteria, the cell traffic and recirculation are critical processes orchestrated by these molecules and their receptors. <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> is the etiologic agent of human tuberculosis, and has the ability to survive and replicate within phagocytes, making it inaccessible to antibodies. Consequently, its elimination depends largely on the mechanisms of cell-mediated immunity, involving the production of several cytokines, with very complex interactions. Thus, in the dynamics of the immune response to <em>M. tuberculosis</em>, chemokines have primary role in the formation and maintenance of the granuloma, the main structure formed in an attempt to contain the spread of this pathogen in the body. Therefore, we intend to discuss the importance of chemokines in the context of immunity and/or protection against infection with <em>M. tuberculosis</em>, relating to major advances in research on this interaction.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Keywords:</span></strong><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"> Granuloma. 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