bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The labour market of the Silesian voivodeship (Poland), and its determinants
Authors: Kłosowski Franciszek
Published: July 2015

The aim of this study was to characterise the labour market of the Silesian voivodeship and its determinants between 2010 and 2012, although in order to show certain trends in changes data from the beginning of the 21st century are also used as a basis whereas from the more forward-looking perspective, projections up until 2020 were used. This market is very important from the nationwide perspective, and this is due to its complexity, size (it concentrates 2 million employed people, that is 14.4% of the whole workforce of Poland) and specificity (industry still plays a crucial role). In order to achieve the objective indicated above, a set of measures relating to the number of employed people, business entities or GDP were used for the purpose of the analysis. The presented material shows the high volatility of the situation on the labour market both at the voivodeship level and individual communities – this is particularly true of the number of employed people and the rate of unemployment. An advantage of the newly created jobs over those that are shed which has been continuously recorded since 2008 and a decrease in the unemployment rate are positive symptoms. Katowice being the largest market and, moreover, characterised by the highest rank range of its impact and lowest unemployment rate have gained a dominant position in the regional labour market. Bielsko-Biała, Tychy, Gliwice and Bieruń-Lędziny County also clearly stand out against the background of other communities. The most difficult situation can be observed in Bytom, Świętochłowice, Piekary Śląskie and in the counties located in the northern part of the voivodeship, that is Częstochowa, Myszków and Zawiercie. Not only today but also in the coming decade, in terms of demand the labour market of the Silesian voivodeship will be strongly affected by its demographic situation; population decline, ageing population, migration, including, in particular, foreign migration will cause a decline in the labour force. By contrast, the labour supply will depend on an economic factor, that is mainly an improvement in the economic situation in Poland and around the world and a reduction in the cost of labour (external determinants). In the next few years the role of innovation (including the technological factor) which will affect the labour demand in terms of quantity and, perhaps to a greater extent, in terms of quality (changes in the structure of the labour market) will become more and more significant.
Thunderstorms and thunderstorm precipitations in southern Poland
Authors: Bielec-Bąkowska Zuzanna
Published: July 2015

This paper addresses spatial and temporal variability in the occurrence of thunderstorms and related precipitation in southern Poland between 1951 and 2010. The analysis was based on thunderstorm observations and daily precipitation totals (broken down into the few ranges) from 15 meteorological stations. It was found that precipitation accompanied an overwhelming majority of thunderstorms. The most frequent range of thunderstorm precipitation totals was 0.1–10.0 mm which accounted for 60% of all values while precipitation higher than 20.0 mm accounted only for ca. 8%. During the study period, long-term change in the number of days with thunderstorm precipitation within a certain range displayed no clear-cut trends. Exceptions included: 1) an increase in the number of days with thunderstorm precipitation in the lowest range of totals (0.1–10.0 mm) at Katowice, Tarnów, Rzeszów and Lesko and decrease at Mt. Kasprowy Wierch, 2) an increase in the range 10.1–20.0 mm at Zakopane and 20.1–30.0 mm at Opole, 3) a decrease of the top range (more than 30.0 mm) at Mt. Śnieżka. It was found that the heaviest thunderstorm precipitation events, i.e. totalling more than 30 mm, and those events that covered all or most of the study area, occurred at the time of air advection from the southern or eastern sectors and a passage of atmospheric fronts.
Monetary assessment of natural values – a case study from the flooded mining pit in Suszec (Poland)
Authors: Szendera Waldemar , Czerwieńska Karolina , Kuczera Joanna
Published: July 2015

This paper presents a potential monetary assessment of natural habitats based on a method worked out in 2003 in the Czech Republic. The assessment was prepared for the reclaimed flooded mining pit in Suszec. The analysis was focused on three variants of real and potential habitats from the reclaimed land. Natural values of the flooded mining pit have undergone changes due to afforestation reclamation activities. It has been calculated that the value of natural habitats expressed in numbers will decrease by 70.7% in comparison to the area prior to reclamation, whereas the monetary value of the natural habitats will decrease by 10,319,519.00 PLN. An important element of the assessment includes recognition, diagnosis and evaluation of the actual state of natural habitats by preparing a detailed inventory and determining the most valuable species of plants and animals as well as landscape values. Unfortunately, at present in Poland there is no clear and explicit method of estimating the assessment of lost natural value that would allow approximating the monetary value of a given terrain and determine the most favourable direction of its management. Application of monetary assessment of natural habitats requires its adjustment to Polish conditions. Due to the similarity of climate and geomorphological conditions in Central Europe, it is possible to adopt elements of habitat assessments used in the Czech Republic and in Germany. Natural habitat assessment will provide a solid base for preventing conflicts caused by the needs of economic development at the expense of local protection of the natural environment. As a result, it will be easier to achieve an agreement between different parties in the investment process, and, moreover, the assessment method will prevent additional financial losses, generated during the process of achieving functionality by the habitats. Correct analysis of the values of natural habitats may significantly reduce losses in the natural environment and aid in the selection and choice of the most relevant reclamation method.
Reclamation of devastated landscape in the Karviná region (Czech Republic)
Authors: Havrlant Jan , Krtička Ludèk
Published: July 2015

The article deals with the recent positive changes in the industrial landscape of the Karviná region in a broader context. The Karviná region has been the most important part of the coal-bearing Ostrava-Karviná District. Since the industrial revolution, the position of the primary mining area has brought a dynamic economic development and a great concentration of population into the fast-growing conurbation cities, particularly between 1950s and 1980s. However, the dominant coal mining and processing has had a negative impact on the environment, the character and utilization of the landscape. Many environmental, socioeconomic and other problems did not become fully evident until the social changes at the turn of 1980s and 1990s. At present, a great attention is being paid to the reclamation of the affected landscape. As a result, the region is starting to change its unflattering image of an industrial and problematic area devastated by coal extraction for the better after many years. The various forms of land reclamation, modification of water bodies, construction of new sports and recreational facilities and so on are bringing a gradual improvement of the environment in the region, creating a new cultivated landscape that can be used, among other things, for various forms of tourism and relaxation.
Polish legal regulations considering recovery of secondary materials from coal mining dumping grounds
Authors: Gawor Łukasz
Published: July 2015

In the article there is presented temporary situation of coal mining dumping grounds in Poland – their inventarization, localization and environmental impacts. The coal mining dumping grounds in Poland are situated in three coal basins: Upper Silesian Coal Basin, Lower Silesian Coal Basin and Lublin Coal Basin. In all mentioned areas occur ca. 270 coal mining waste dumps, covering surface of over 4400 ha. The main environmental impacts connected with dumping grounds are fire hazards, water pollution and a danger of slope sliding. The question of recovery of coal from disposed wastes with regard to legal regulations is discussed. There are presented technical methods of coal recovery considering environmental protection issues. There is a necessity and technical possibility of recovery of coal from the coal-mining waste dumps. The coal recovery reduces hazards of self-ignition and fires of the dump. It is also economically justified. The analysis of required regulations in legal system in Poland for safe exploitation of secondary materials from coal mining dumps is done. Socio-economic aspects of recovery of coal are discussed. The valid legal regulations in Poland regulate the issues connected with coal mining dumping grounds in a very general way. It is necessary to prepare supplements to the legal provisions or new regulations concerning post-mining dumping grounds.
Selected social phenomena following the extraction of mineral resources
Authors: Kocoń Paweł
Published: July 2015

The author, due to the didactic needs and seeing a small gap in the way of presenting scientific data on the area of social science, have decided to present this work hoping that it will influence on widening both the social science and geography knowledge of the recipients, having connected the development and creation of certain social phenomena with particular economic activity, that is, the extraction of mineral resources. The aim of the hereby text is to present such social phenomena like organizational culture, discourse and social capital. The notions mentioned above ought to concern not only students, but also the specialists and scientists dealing with any of those two fields, as it seems prudent to follow the path of closely connecting two major issues emerging from two distinctively separate areas of science if that may help to better understand how such mixture influence people’s behaviour and allows to draw conclusion on the effect such actions may have on community or society. Moreover, such fact was prior for the author to decide to work on the problem of protests for mining in the future. On the other hand, the article may help in organizing the process of exploitation of mineral resources in the different organizations involved in this type of activity.
Plant occurrence on burning coal waste – a case study from the Katowice-Wełnowiec dump, Poland
Authors: Ciesielczuk Justyna , Czylok Andrzej , Fabiańska Monika J. , Misz-Kennan Magdalena
Published: July 2015

Coal-waste dumps superimposed on former rubbish dump frequently undergo selfheating and selfignition of organic matter dispersed in the waste. The special conditions for plant growth generated as a result have been investigated since 2008 on the municipal dump reclaimed with coal wastes in Katowice-Wełnowiec, Poland. The plants observed most frequently where heating has occurred are Sisymbrium loeselii, Artemisia vulgaris, Sonchus arvensis, Chenopodium album, Achillea millefolium, Cirsium arvense, Amaranthus retroflexus, Atriplex nitens and Solanum nigrum. Some new, rare species such as Portulaca oleracea, first noticed in 2011, may be added. Most of encroaching species are annual, alien archeophytes and neophytes. Native species are mainly perennials. The majority of these species show a tendency to form specimens of huge size (gigantism). The abundance of emitted CO2 and nitrogen compounds is the likely cause of this. Additionally, the plants growing there are not attacked by insects. The heating of the ground liquidates the natural seed bank. After cooling, these places are seeded by species providing seeds at that very moment (pioneer species). Heated places on the dumps allow plant growth even in the middle of winter. As the seasonal vegetation cycle is disturbed, plants may be found seeding, blooming and fruiting at the same time.
Change the number of water reservoirs in the selected cities of the Upper Silesian Agglomeration over the period 1993-2014
Authors: Dąbrowska Dominika , Dąbrowski Jan
Published: July 2015

The Upper Silesian Agglomeration is the most industrialized area in Poland and one of the most in Europe. It is situated in the eastern part of the Upper Silesia and covers nearly 1500 km2. This region is highly diverse in terms of the spatial structure. There are lots of water reservoirs besides built-up areas and industrial facilities. Many of them have also significance for nature. Water reservoirs in the Upper Silesian Agglomeration function under anthropogenic conditions. Water reservoirs have a different size and the genesis. This kind of occurrence conditions influences the water reservoirs` state. There are mainly water reservoirs of anthropogenic character in a study area. A lot of water reservoirs are strictly connected with coal exploitation in this region. Unfortunately, the number of water reservoirs in the cities of the Upper Silesian Agglomeration has lately decreased. Reservoirs are eliminated as a result of changes in industry, progressive land development, changes in environmental conditions. In this paper we present the results of the number of water reservoirs analysis in Katowice, Sosnowiec and Chorzów over the period 1993-2014. Field studies and analysis of topographic maps show a decrease in the number of water reservoirs in this region by tens of percent.
Contested minorities – the case of Upper Silesia
Authors: Gierczak Dariusz
Published: July 2015

Upper Silesia in terms of ethnicity is a typical example of a historical region in Europe, but in fact, one of the few exceptions in contemporary Poland, where its mixed ethnic and religious structures have at least partly survived until today. While their existence had been denied by Nazi Germany (1933-1945) as well as by the Polish People's Republic (1945-1989), the emancipation of the German and Silesian minorities after the democratic changes of 1989 have evoked strong emotions in the ethnically almost uniform country. Nonetheless, the recent situation of minorities has improved as never before. Minority organisations has been officially recognized and German finally has become the second language in some municipalities of Upper Silesia, but the largest ethnic group in the whole country, the Silesians, have still experienced no formal recognition as a national minority. This article deals with the demographic aspects of the ethnic groups in Upper Silesia since the 19th century until recent times. The census results concerning the ethnic minorities or languages in Upper Silesia have been contested since the first records of that kind have been taken. The outcomes of the both last censuses of 2002 and 2011 concerning the minority question reflected for the first time a much more realistic picture of the status quo. Furthermore, they showed that the idea of Silesian identification found an unexpected high number of supporters. This fact indicates an emerging meaning of regional identification amid significant changes of cultural values in Polish society.
‘Cultures’ and Cultural Protection
Authors: Rust Niemand Johannes
Published: July 2015

This article aims to show that the concept of cultures as discrete entities is crucial for arguments for the protection of cultures. In this regard, Will Kymlicka’s arguments for cultural protection are critically examined. We show that important aspects of his arguments, particularly the distinctions between 1) external and internal protections and 2) cultural content and structure, as well as 3) the notion of attachment to culture, can only succeed if one can conceive of cultures as distinct entities. In our concluding remarks, we suggest that this is a notion worth investigating. In particular, we suggest that the combination of delineation in terms of historical conflicts (as opposed to cultural essence) and the presence of real exit possibilities may allow for the delineation of cultures.
Rationalization and the Re-Enchantment of Play: the Dialectics of Legal Gambling in Israel
Authors: Levy Moshe
Published: July 2015

Romantic notions and critical theories of play describe an assault by rationalization processes on the free and spontaneous nature of play. Other theories seek to describe the dialectical nature between rationalization and freedom, between routine, and magic, and between planning and spontaneity. This article seeks to focus on the rationalization processes of play and to examine whether and in what dimensions, these processes shape the characteristics of play and hamper its spontaneity and freedom. Examination of these processes, performed by socio-historical analysis of legal gambling in Israel, shows that rationalization processes were active on both the practical and technological levels, and on the discursive level of the games of chance. Nevertheless, the characteristics of freedom, joy and spontaneity appeared only on the discursive level of the game and were designed to deliberately serve the economic interests of the various agents in the Israeli gambling field.
Experimental techniques for screening of antiosteoporotic activity in postmenopausal osteoporosis
Authors: Satpathy Swaha , Patra Arjun , Ahirwar Bharti
Published: July 2015

Postmenopausal osteoporosis, a silent epidemic, has become a major health hazard, afflicting about 50% of postmenopausal women worldwide and is thought to be a disease with one of the highest incidences in senile people. It is a chronic, progressive condition associated with micro-architectural deterioration of bone tissue that results in low bone mass, decreased bone strength that predisposes to an increased risk of fracture. Women are more likely to develop osteoporosis than men due to reduction in estrogen during menopause which leads to decline in bone formation and increase in bone resorption activity. Estrogen is able to suppress the production of proinflammatory cytokines like interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-7 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α). This is why these cytokines are elevated in postmenopausal women. In this review article we have made an attempt to collate the various methods and parameters most frequently used for screening of antiosteoporotic activity in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Pertaining to ovariectomized animal model, this is the most appropriate model for studying the efficacy of different drugs to prevent bone loss in postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Solution properties of polyaniline/carbon particle composites
Authors: Zengin Huseyin , Bayir Erdal , Zengin Gulay
Published: July 2015

This study reports on the synthesis of polymer polyaniline, a conductive polymer by nature, and the preparation of polyaniline/carbon particle (PANI/CP) composites by in situ polymerization. The solution properties and conductivities in solution of synthesized PANI and PANI/CP materials were analyzed. The viscosity of PANI and PANI/CP composite materials in N-methylpyrrolidinone (NMP) solvent at different temperatures was measured to examine their behavior in solution. Initially, the viscosity-molecular weight of PANI polymer was measured and calculated to be 78,521. The viscosities of PANI and PANI/CP composite materials decreased as the temperature increased. However, the viscosities of PANI/CP composite materials increased as the percent CP content in the composites increased. The ionic conductivities and pH changes in NMP solvent, measured at different concentrations of PANI and PANI/CP composite materials, and prepared in different ratios, were measured to investigate their behavior in solution. The ionic conductivities of PANI/CP composite materials increased as the percent CP content in the composites increased. Changes in the pH of PANI/CP composite materials decreased as the percent CP content in the composites increased. The conductivity of PANI/10% CP composite material in solution was greater than that of neat PANI polymer in solution; this indicated that CPs in PANI/10% CP composite materials made important positive contributions to the conductivities.
Simultaneous Bayesian analysis of contingency tables in genetic association studies
Authors: Dickhaus Thorsten
Published: July 2015

Genetic association studies lead to simultaneous categorical data analysis. The sample for every genetic locus consists of a contingency table containing the numbers of observed genotype-phenotype combinations. Under case-control design, the row counts of every table are identical and fixed, while column counts are random. The aim of the statistical analysis is to test independence of the phenotype and the genotype at every locus. We present an objective Bayesian methodology for these association tests, which relies on the conjugacy of Dirichlet and multinomial distributions. Being based on the likelihood principle, the Bayesian tests avoid looping over all tables with given marginals. Making use of data generated by The Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium (WTCCC), we illustrate that the ordering of the Bayes factors shows a good agreement with that of frequentist
Immunogenicity, Safety, and Tolerability of a Hexavalent Vaccine in Infants
Authors: Marshall Gary S. , Adams Gregory L. , Leonardi Michael L. , Petrecz Maria , Flores Sheryl A. , Ngai Angela L. , Xu Jin , Liu Guanghan , Stek Jon E. , Foglia Ginamarie , Lee Andrew W.
Published: July 2015

BACKGROUND:

DTaP5-IPV-Hib-HepB is a fully liquid investigational hexavalent vaccine directed against 6 diseases.

METHODS:

This multicenter, open-label, comparator-controlled, phase III study randomly assigned healthy infants 2-to-1 as follows: group 1 received DTaP5-IPV-Hib-HepB, PCV13, and RV5 at 2, 4, and 6 months of age followed by DTaP5, Hib-OMP, and PCV13 at 15 months of age; group 2 received DTaP5-IPV/Hib, PCV13, and RV5 at 2, 4, and 6 months of age, with HepB at 2 and 6 months of age, followed by DTaP5, Hib-TT, and PCV13 at 15 months of age.

RESULTS:

Overall, 981 participants were vaccinated in group 1 and 484 in group 2. Immune responses in group 1 to all antigens contained in DTaP5-IPV-Hib-HepB 1 month after dose 3 and for concomitant rotavirus vaccine were noninferior to those in group 2, with the exception of antipertussis filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) geometric mean concentrations (GMCs). Vaccine response rates for FHA were noninferior to control. After the toddler dose, group 1 immune responses were noninferior to group 2 for all pertussis antigens. Solicited adverse event rates after any dose were similar in both groups, with the exceptions of increased injection-site erythema, increased fever, and decreased appetite in group 1. Fever was not associated with hospitalization or seizures.

CONCLUSIONS:

The safety and immunogenicity of DTaP5-IPV-Hib-HepB are comparable with the analogous licensed component vaccines. Decreased FHA GMCs and increased injection-site reactions and fever are unlikely to be clinically significant. DTaP5-IPV-Hib-HepB provides a new combination vaccine option aligned with the recommended US infant immunization schedule.
Outbreak of Mycoplasma pneumoniae–Associated Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
Authors: Olson Daniel , Watkins Louise K. Francois , Demirjian Alicia , Lin Xia , Robinson Christine C. , Pretty Kristin , Benitez Alvaro J. , Winchell Jonas M. , Diaz Maureen H. , Miller Lisa A. , Foo Teresa A. , Mason Melanie D. , Lauper Ursula L. , Kupfer Oren , Kennedy Jeffrey , Glodé Mary P. , Kutty Preeta K. , Dominguez Samuel R.
Published: July 2015

BACKGROUND:

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is an uncommon, sporadic disease and outbreaks are rare. In November 2013, an outbreak of SJS was identified at Children’s Hospital Colorado.

METHODS:

Outbreak cases were children aged 5–21 with a discharge diagnosis of SJS admitted from September 1 to November 30, 2013. Medical charts were reviewed using standardized data collection forms. Respiratory specimens were tested for viruses and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We conducted a separate 4-year retrospective case-control study comparing hospitalized SJS cases with and without evidence of Mp infection.

RESULTS:

During the outbreak, 8 children met SJS criteria. Median age was 11.5 years (range 8–16 years); 5 (63%) were boys and 5 (63%) were Mp-PCR–positive. Of the 5 PCR-positive children, none had preceding medication exposure, and all had radiographic pneumonia. All outbreak Mp isolates were macrolide susceptible. The retrospective case-control analysis showed that Mp-associated SJS episodes (n = 17) were more likely to have pneumonia (odds ratio [OR] 10.0, confidence interval [CI] 1.3–5.1), preceding respiratory symptoms (OR 30.0, CI 1.6–72.6), an erythrocyte sedimentation rate ≥35 mg/dL (OR 22.8, CI 2.1–244.9), and ≤3 affected skin sites (OR 4.5, CI 1.2–17.4) than non–Mp-associated SJS episodes (n = 23).

CONCLUSIONS:

We report the largest outbreak of SJS in children, which was also predominately associated with Mp infection. Mp-associated SJS was associated with a distinct clinical presentation that included less extensive skin disease, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and evidence of a preceding respiratory infection.
Maternal Report of Advice Received for Infant Care
Authors: Eisenberg Staci R. , Bair-Merritt Megan H. , Colson Eve R. , Heeren Timothy C. , Geller Nicole L. , Corwin Michael J.
Published: July 2015

BACKGROUND:

Advice has been associated with increased adherence to recommended infant care practices, and may represent a modifiable factor to promote infant health.

METHODS:

A stratified, 2-stage, clustered design, with oversampling of black and Hispanic mothers, was used to survey a nationally representative sample of 1031 mothers of infants aged 2 to 6 months. Survey questions assessed advice received from doctors, birth hospital nurses, family, and media regarding immunization, breastfeeding, sleep position, sleep location, and pacifier use. Weighted frequencies of no advice and advice consistent with recommendations were calculated to obtain prevalence estimates. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to assess factors associated with receipt of recommendation consistent advice.

RESULTS:

Although doctors were the most prevalent source of reported advice, ∼20% of mothers reported no doctor advice for breastfeeding or sleep position, and more than 50% reported no advice regarding sleep location or pacifier use. Reported advice from nurses was generally similar to doctors. The prevalence of any advice from family or media was 20% to 56% for nearly all care practices, and advice given was often inconsistent with recommendations. The only factors that were consistently associated with receipt of recommendation consistent advice were race/ethnicity and parity; black and Hispanic mothers and first-time mothers were more likely to report recommendation consistent advice.

CONCLUSIONS:

Mothers commonly report receiving either no advice or recommendation inconsistent advice from each of the 4 sources we studied. By identifying care practices with low prevalence of recommendation consistent advice from potentially important advisors, our findings highlight opportunities for future intervention.
Observation of Superheating of Si at the Si/SiO2 Interface in Pulsed-laser irradiated Si Thin Films
Authors: Wang J.J. , Limanov A.B. , Wang Ying , Im James S.
Published: July 2015

Substantial superheating of single-crystal Si films at and near the bottom Si/SiO2 interface was observed. This was accomplished via back-side irradiation of a (100) single-crystal Si film on a quartz substrate using an excimer-laser pulse. The spatiotemporal details of the melting transition were tracked in situ using surface-side and substrate-side transient reflectance measurements, and the one-dimensional thermal profile evolution within the solid film during the heating period was numerically computed using the experimentally extracted temporal profile of the incident beam and temperature-dependent optical and thermal parameters of the materials. A simple lower-bound estimation identifies that superheating in excess of 100 K was attained within Si along the bottom (100)-Si/SiO2 interface even at moderate beam energy densities.
Life Story of Helge Fossmo, Former Pastor of Knutby Filadelfia, as Told in Prison
Authors: Frisk Liselotte , Palmer Susan Jean
Published: July 2015

In January 2004 the religious community of Knutby Filadelfia gained notoriety in Sweden after a young woman was shot dead and a young man seriously wounded. One of the pastors, Helge Fossmo, the husband of the murdered woman, was later found guilty of incitement or conspiracy to murder and was sentenced to life in prison. The actual perpetuator was, however, one of his mistresses, who was committed to psychiatric care. The case became subject to extraordinary media attention, with focus on the congregation’s charismatic head pastor, Åsa Waldau, and the innovative teachings of the group. This article is based on a narrative analysis of an interview in prison with the former pastor Helge Fossmo, as a step towards understanding the psychological, social and ideological forces that may have contributed to the violence in the Knutby case. Narratives are culturally framed and draw on cultural resources, are socially constructed, and become consolidated by repetition. The narrative of Fossmo draws upon the cultural resource of the “evil cult narrative,” as well as the social resource of his therapist, whose perspective is strikingly similar to the one Fossmo presents.
The Americleft Project: A Comparison of Short- and Longer-Term Secondary Alveolar Bone Graft Outcomes in Two Centers Using the Standardized Way to Assess Grafts Scale
Authors: Ruppel J.K. , Long R.E. , Oliver D.R. , Semb G. , Russell K.A. , Mercado A.M. , Daskalogiannakis J. , Hathaway R.R.
Published: July 2015

Objective

To compare length of follow-up and cleft site dental management on bone graft ratings from two centers.

Design

Blind retrospective analysis of cleft site radiographs and chart reviews for determination of cleft-site lateral incisor management.

Patients

A total of 78 consecutively grafted patients with complete clefts from two major cleft/craniofacial centers (43 from Center 1 and 35 from Center 2).

Interventions

Secondary iliac crest alveolar bone grafting, at a mean age of 9 years 9 months (Center 1: 9 years 7 months; Center 2: 10 years 0 month).

Main Outcome Measures

The Americleft Standardized Way to Assess Grafts scale from 0 ( failed graft) to 6 ( ideal) was used to rate graft outcome at two time points (T1, T2). Average T1 was 11 years 1 month of age, 1 year 3 months postgraft. Average T2 was 17 years 11 months of age, 8 years 0 months postgraft. Six trained and calibrated raters scored each radiograph twice. Reliability was calculated at T1 and T2 using weighted kappa. A paired Wilcoxon signed rank test ( P < .05) tested T1 and T2 differences for each center. A Kruskal-Wallis test was used to determine the significance of differences between centers at T1 and T2. Correlation tested whether T1 ratings predicted T2. Linear regression determined possible factors that might contribute to graft rating changes over time.

Results

Reliability was good at T1 and T2 (interrater = .713 and .701, respectively; intrarater = .790 and .805, respectively). Center 1 scores were significantly better than those from Center 2 at both T1 (5.21 versus 3.29) and T2 (5.18 versus 3.44). There was no statistical difference between T1 and T2 scores for either center; although, there was a greater chance of bone graft score improving with completion of canine eruption and substitution for missing lateral incisors.

Conclusions

Short-term ratings of graft outcomes identified significant differences between centers that persisted over time. Dental cleft-site management influenced final graft outcome.
SNSE2 ISLAND FILMS INVESTIGATION
Authors: Rabinovich O. I. , Kushhov A. R. , Gaev D. S.
Published: July 2015

In this paper, heterostructures with self−organized quantum dots have been produced using incongruent evaporation. Island films on the basis of the intermediate phases forming in the Sn-Se have been grown. The surface morphology of the structures has been studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM). A certain change of the band gap confirms the presence of quantum states in the electron spectrum of the structures. We have found that for obtaining structures with a homogeneous distribution of islands the process of incongruent evaporation should be carried out at high condensate selection speeds. By varying the speed of incongruent evaporation of the film material one can achieve directed growth of islet films with a preset islet size distribution.
Long-term changes and variability in rainfall and streamflow in Luvuvhu River Catchment, South Africa
Authors: Odiyo John O. , Makungo Rachel , Nkuna Tinyiko R.
Published: July 2015

We investigated long-term changes and variability in daily rainfall and streamflow in the Luvuvhu River Catchment, South Africa. Changes and variability in rainfall and streamflow impact on available water resources and the allocation of these resources. Daily rainfall data for six stations and daily streamflow data for four stations for the period 1920/1921–2005/2006 were grouped into cycles of 5 and 10 years. Daily means and standard deviations were computed for each cycle. Standard deviation was used to define the rainfall and streamflow variability. Linear regression was used to compute trends in 5- and 10-year average rainfall and streamflow and their standard deviations. Paired two-tailed t-tests (significance level of 0.05) were carried out to verify the spatial variability of rainfall and streamflow in the study area. Mann–Kendall and linear regression were used to determine trend analyses based on long-term annual rainfall and streamflow data. All but two rainfall stations showed decreasing trends in 5- and 10-year mean rainfall; 10-year mean daily rainfall showed decadal rainfall fluctuations. Contrasting trends were observed in 5- and 10-year mean streamflow, indicating that other factors such as anthropogenic activities and impoundments could be impacting on streamflow. Trend directions identified from Mann–Kendall and linear regression analyses of long-term annual rainfall and streamflow were similar to those identified by linear regression of 5- and 10-year mean daily rainfall. Results of paired two-tailed t-tests verified the spatial variability of rainfall and streamflow in the study area. We have shown that the variability of rainfall and streamflow has increased in the Luvuvhu River Catchment over the 86-year study period.
Проблема контекстуализации образовательных результатов:школы, социальный состав учащихся и уровень депривации территорий
Authors: Yastrebov Gordey , Bessudnov Alexey , Pinskaya Мarina , Kosaretsky Sergey
Published: July 2015

Ястребов Гордей Александрович - кандидат социологических наук, стар-ший научный сотрудник Лаборатории сравнительного анализа развития постсоциалистических обществ НИУ ВШЭ.  E-mail: gordey.yastrebov@gmail.comБессуднов Алексей Рудольфович - PhD, научный сотрудник Института фундаментальных междисциплинарных исследований НИУ ВШЭ. E-mail:abessudnov@hse.ruПинская Марина Александровна - кандидат педагогических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник Центра социально-экономического развития школы Института образования НИУ ВШЭ. E-mail: m-pinskaya@yandex.ruСергей Геннадьевич Косарецкий - кандидат психологических наук, директор Центра социально-экономического развития школы Института образования НИУ ВШЭ. E-mail:skosaretski@hse.ruАнализируется связь различий в образовательных результатах между российскими школами с их различиями по характеристикам 1) социального состава учащихся, 2) самих образовательных учреждений и 3) территорий, на которых они расположены. Использованы данные социальных паспортов, собранные в ходе обследования в Московской и Ярославской области в 2011–2012 гг., а также материалы муниципальной статистики, позволяющие на основе ограниченного набора показателей оценить уровень социально-экономической депривации в поселениях разного типа. Статистический анализ проводился с использованием двухуровневой регрессионной модели. Результаты анализа позволяют констатировать, что академическая успеваемость (средние показатели ЕГЭ по русскому языку и математике) действительно устойчиво различается для школ 1) с разным социальным составом учащихся и 2) с разным кадровым и материальным обеспечением. Уровень депривации территорий самостоятельного влияния на образовательные результаты не оказывает: типично низкие результаты обучения, например, в сельских школах связаны со свойственной им нехваткой ресурсов и особенностями социального состава учащихся.
Диагностика реальной структуры образовательной организации
Authors: Ushakov Konstantin
Published: July 2015

Ушаков Константин Михайлович - доктор педагогических наук, профессор Института развития образования НИУ ВШЭ. E-mail: konst@direktor.ruПонятие «реальная структура школы» интегрирует формализованные и неформализованные профессиональные отношения в образовательной организации. В статье рассматриваются как основания, так и инструментарий, позволяющий оценивать реальные устойчивые профессиональные связи в организации, их конфигурации и иные характеристики, свойственные сетевым структурам. Автор исходит из предположения о простоте (низком уровне сложности) реальной структуры школы, которая рассматривается как социальная сеть. Низкий уровень сложности сети может быть существенным препятствием на пути развития конкретной организации, а усложнение реальной структуры является важным ресурсом увеличения эффективности образовательной деятельности и способствует наращиванию социального и, как следствие, человеческого капитала школы. Проведен пилотный этап исследования на базе пяти российских школ из разных регионов. Показано, что реальные структуры взаимодействия в них действительно характеризуются низким уровнем сложности: в школьных коллективах доминируют односторонние связи, доля взаимных связей незначительна, типичной конфигурацией взаимных связей является диада, присутствие триад крайне ограниченно.
Связи дружбы и помощи при обучении в университете
Authors: Valeeva Diliara , Poldin Oleg , Yudkevich Maria
Published: July 2015

Валеева Диляра Рашитовна - стажер-исследователь Международной научно-учебной лаборатории институционального анализа экономических реформ НИУ ВШЭ. E-mail: dvaleeva@hse.ruПольдин Олег Викторович- кандидат физико-математических наук, научный сотрудник Международнойнаучно-учебной лаборатории институционального анализа экономических реформ НИУ ВШЭ. E-mail: opoldin@hse.ruАдрес: 603155,Нижний Новгород, ул. Б. Печерская,д. 25/12. Юдкевич Мария Марковна- кандидат экономических наук, проректор, директор Института институциональных исследований НИУ ВШЭ.  E-mail: yudkevich@hse.ruИсследуются характеристики социальных связей студентов, обучающихся на экономическом факультете одного из российских университетов. Показано, как дружеские связи и связи помощи при обучении соотносятся с индивидуальными чертами студентов. Для обеих сетей характерна взаимность связей и склонность связей замыкаться в триады. Вероятность наличия связи между студентами зависит от их принадлежности к одной учебной группе и к одному полу. Студенты обращаются за помощью и дружат с одногруппниками со схожим уровнем академических достижений. Академически успешные студенты востребованы в сети помощи, однако не являются популярными в сети дружбы. Обсуждается значение дружеских связей между студентами для формирования эффектов сообучения.
O valor enorme das palavras
Authors: Miranda Wander Melo
Published: July 2015

Estudo de Infância, de Graciliano Ramos, com ênfase na reflexão sobre os conflitos que envolvem, na obra desse escritor, texto e história, sujeito e discurso, memória e imaginação.

 

Étude sur le livre Infância de Graciliano Ramos, qui met en évidence les conflits entre le texte et la mémoire, entre le sujet et le discours, entre la mémoire et l’imagination.
Mudanças na narrativa juvenil portuguesa depois de 1974
Authors: Blockeel Francesca
Published: July 2015

Este artigo é um apanhado da evolução e das importantes mudanças que conheceu a literatura juvenil portuguesa depois da Revolução dos Cravos (1974), abordado a partir de três pontos de vista: o público-alvo, os géneros e a temática.

In this essay we study the evolution and the important changes of contemporary juvenile literature in Portugal after the Revolution of the Carnations (1974) from three points of view: readers, genres and themes.
Cuentos en pie de guerra: caperucitas y patitos feos al servicio de los más diversos ideales. (Adaptaciones de cuentos tradicionales en la Guerra Civil Española.)
Authors: Ortiz César Sánchez
Published: July 2015

 La Literatura Infantil en España comenzó a vivir durante el siglo XX y, sobre todo, durante la II República, una edad dorada que, como toda la vida española en sus más diferentes ámbitos, se vio truncada por el radical enfrentamiento entre dos formas distintas de pensar y llevar a cabo la organización social y política del país: los republicanos y los franquistas. La LIJ fue también testigo de esas diferencias; en sus páginas nos quedan muestras de aquellos enfrentamientos, presentes en ediciones de cuentos tradicionales utilizadas con los más diversos fines: a veces para justificar unos y atacar otros, a veces para justificar modelos de conducta con el fin de adoctrinar en las distintas ideologías a los más jóvenes ya desde sus primeras lecturas. Lo cierto es que la mayoría de las veces la buena literatura quedó relegada a un segundo plano a favor de la exaltación de los distintos ideales y del proselitismo partidista. Partiendo del análisis de algunas adaptaciones de cuentos tradicionales para estos fines bélicos durante la Guerra Civil Española, donde encontramos a personajes tan conocidos como Caperucita Roja, el Patito Feo, Alí Babá, Traganiños,... del lado de los distintos bandos y en las más curiosas circunstancias, se intenta mostrar la utilización en muchos casos de los cuentos en este determinado periodo histórico como medio y no como literatura ni, por tanto, como fin en sí mismos.
Infância e poesia em Manuel Bandeira
Authors: Leitão Cláudio
Published: July 2015

Leitura crítica da autobiografia poética de Manuel Bandeira, Itinerário de Pasárgada, e de alguns poemas referenciados na infância do poeta em formação, interessada pela diferenciação entre os processos do hábito e os da memória e pela aproximação ente memória e criação poética.

Lecture critique de l’autobiographie poétique de Manuel Bandeira,
Itinerário de Pasárgada, et de quelques poèmes qui évoquent l’enfance du poète en herbe, en cherchant la différenciation entre les processus de l’habitude et ceux de la mémoire, et par le rapprochement entre la mémoire et la création poétique.
A criança em Mário Quintana
Authors: Peixoto Sérgio Alves
Published: July 2015

Este texto apresenta a linguagem poética de Mário Quintana, linguagem que se deixa invadir pela imaginação, traço comum ao poeta e às crianças.

Ce texte présente le langage poétique de Mário Quintana, un langage qui est envahi par l’imagination, trait commun au poète et aux enfants.
Developing autonomy through awareness of textual features in academic texts
Authors: McGarrell Hedy M.
Published: July 2015

Research on ESL writing suggests that current pedagogical practices typicallytrain developing writers to submit their texts to their teacher for comments and “correction”, without opportunities to develop independent self-editing skills. These practices focus primarily on sentence-level grammar, vocabulary and mechanics. This study reports on an exploration into introducing university-level writers to online corpus tools to develop their ability to edit their own work. Ten native and non-native speaking participants analysed corpus materials and published journal articles relevant to their discipline to compare selected uses of grammar and vocabulary with their own texts. Insights from triangulated data sources (participanttexts, participant and teacher interview data) show how participants edited their work using the corpus tools. Benefits related specifically to awareness of lexical conventions and sentence structure.
Canadian English teachers: Volunteering to teach their mother tongue in a foreign country
Authors: Romero Gloria
Published: July 2015

In order to increase English language proficiency in Chile, native English speakers are recruited to work as volunteer teachers. This qualitative study explores the ESL teaching experiences of 10 Canadian volunteers who worked in Chilean public schools. Data was collected through closed- and open-ended surveys applied before teaching and one-on-one interviews after eight months. This study is situated within the literature on volunteering and English language teaching (ELT); in addition, socioconstructivist and experiential lenses were adopted, based on Vygotsky and Dewey respectively. The results showed that when volunteer teachersrecalled their experiences teaching English abroad, they acknowledged the importance of student motivation, use of the mother tongue, the feeling of frustration, interaction with EFL students, previous experiences, teaching strategies, and views about English language teaching.
La place de la compétence paraphrastique dans le Cadre européen commun de référence pour les langues
Authors: Tsedryk Alexandra
Published: July 2015

Savoir produire des phrases synonymes, en se servant de divers moyens linguistiques, est indispensable pour un apprenant L2. L’objectif de cet article est de définir la compétence paraphrastique (CP) et de déterminer sa place dans les descripteurs du Cadre européen commun de référence pour les langues (CECRL). Nous nous intéressons aux apprenants des niveaux B1-B2 du CECRL. L’apprenant avancé possède des connaissances grammaticales assez développées, mais il commet des erreurs lexicales et éprouve des difficultés à reformuler son discours.Bien que les descripteurs du CECRL fassent référence à la CP implicitement, une description détaillée de cette compétence cruciale fait défaut. Nous proposons cette description, en nous basant sur les critères quantitatifs et qualitatifs définis dans notre étude empirique examinant les stratégies de reformulation des apprenants avancés de français L2. Le cadre théorique adopté est la Théorie Sens–Texte qui porte une attention particulière à la paraphrase et possède des outils formels de sa description.
Advanced English language acquisition and application in specialized subject areas
Authors: Taylor Lucia
Published: July 2015

Students in courses on specialized subjects may have different levels of proficiency in the English language. In such situations, the instructor should endeavour to adopt a holistic teaching approach to promote understanding of the course content along with enhancement of English language skills. Best practice methods based on years of practical experience in the delivery of specialized courses at an advanced level will be described. A sociological approach and the application of sociological terms are intended to show how instructor engagement and efficacy are essential to advancing the language capabilities of non-native English speaking students.