bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of climate change impact on wintertime meteorology over California using dynamical downscaling method with a bias correction technique
Authors: Zhao Zhan , Di Pingkuan , Chen Shu-Hua , Avise Jeremy , Kaduwela Ajith
Published: March 2021

Climate change can potentially have great impacts on wintertime precipitation and stagnant conditions, which are critical for both water resources and wintertime particulate matter (PM), in California. This study utilizes the Weather Research and Forecasting model to dynamically downscale a bias-corrected coarse-resolution global climate model dataset from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) to a grid size of 4 × 4 km2 over California for a present (2003–2012) and a future (2046–2055) decade. Compared to the present climate, an increase in 2-m temperature (up to 2 K) and water vapor mixing ratio (up to 1 g/kg) and a decrease in planetary boundary layer height (up to 80 m) are projected by the 2050s for the entire state of California. The number of stagnant days over the San Joaquin Valley is expected to increase by approximately 6% in the future decade, indicating potential exacerbation of the winter PM issue in this region. The wintertime precipitation is projected to increase by up to 50% in northern California and, conversely, to decrease by up to 40% in southern California during 2046–2055. The solid phase precipitation is projected to decrease over mountain ranges with lower elevations despite an overall increase in total precipitation, while it is projected to increase over the eastern side of the Sierra Nevada with elevation over 2 km.
Diagnostic imaging versus surgical procedure: intra- and postoperative OCT evaluation of sutureless scleral-fixated intraocular lens implantation and possible related complications
Authors: Nuzzi Raffaele , Rossi Alessandro
Published: March 2021

Because the popularity of corneal refractive surgery has been increasing throughout the last 25 years, many authors have thought to apply optical coherence tomography (OCT) to the anterior segment (AS-OCT); by revising the instrumentation needed and slightly improve the technique, it has become an element of vital importance in order to ensure a complete and exhaustive pre- and postsurgical evaluation. Many applications of OCT have been recently developed—mostly in cataract surgery due to the increasing numbers—such as chamber biometry, which is used in a preoperative stage to determine the details of IOL implantation, and lens evaluation. The aim of this review is to assess the applications of anterior segment OCT in dislocated IOL and/or capsular bag exchange surgery with scleral sutureless fixated intraocular lens and monitoring of possible postoperative complications.
Bicycle spiroergometry: comparison of standardized examination protocols for adolescents: is it necessary to define own standard values for each protocol?
Authors: Windhaber Jana , Steinbauer Monica , Holter Magdalena , Wieland Annemarie , Kogler Kristina , Riedl Regina , Schober Peter , Castellani Christoph , Singer Georg , Till Holger
Published: March 2021

Purpose

To compare performance data of adolescents collected with five different bicycle spiroergometry protocols and to assess the necessity for establishing standard values for each protocol.

Methods

One-hundred-twenty adolescents completed two bicycle spiroergometries within 14 days. One of the two tests was performed based on our institutional weight-adapted protocol (P0). The other test was performed based on one out of four exercise protocols widely used for children and adolescents (P1, 2, 3 or 4) with 30 persons each. The two tests were performed in a random order. Routine parameters of cardiopulmonary exercise tests (CPET) such as VO2peak, maximum power, O2 pulse, OUES, VE/VCO2 slope as well as ventilatory and lactate thresholds were investigated. Agreement between protocols was evaluated by Bland–Altman analysis, coefficients of variation (CV) and intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC).

Results

None of the CPET parameters were significantly different between P0 and P1, 2, 3 or 4. For most of the parameters, low biases between P0 and P1–P4 were found and 95% confidence intervalls were narrow. CV and ICC values largely corresponded to well-defined analytical goals (CV < 10% and ICC > 0.9). Only maximal power (Pmax) showed differences in size and drift of the bias depending on the length of the step duration of the protocols.

Conclusion

Comparability between examination protocols has been shown for CPET parameters independent on step duration. Protocol-dependent standard values do not appear to be necessary. Only Pmax is dependent on the step duration, but in most cases, this has no significant influence on the fitness assessment.
Is external hydrocephalus a possible differential diagnosis when child abuse is suspected?
Authors: Scheller Joseph , Wester Knut
Published: March 2021

Background

Criteria for diagnosing abusive head trauma (AHT) or “shaken baby syndrome” are not well defined; consequently, these conditions might be diagnosed on failing premises.

Methods

The authors have collected a total of 28 infants, from the US (20) and Norway (8), suspected of having been violently shaken, and their caregivers had been suspected, investigated, prosecuted or convicted of having performed this action. Among 26 symptomatic infants, there were 18 boys (69%) and 8 girls (31%)—mean age 5.1 month, without age difference between genders.

Results

Twenty-one of 26 symptomatic children (81%) had a head circumference at or above the 90 percentile, and 18 had a head circumference at or above the 97 percentile. After macrocephaly, seizure was the most frequent initial symptom in 13 (50%) of the symptomatic infants. Seventeen (65%) of the symptomatic infants had bilateral retinal haemorrhages, and two had unilateral retinal haemorrhages. All infants had neuroimaging compatible with chronic subdural haematomas/hygromas as well as radiological characteristics compatible with benign external hydrocephalus (BEH).

Conclusions

BEH with subdural haematomas/hygromas in infants may sometimes be misdiagnosed as abusive head trauma. Based on the authors’ experience and findings of the study, the following measures are suggested to avoid this diagnostic pitfall: medical experts in infant abuse cases should be trained in recognising clinical and radiological BEH features, clinicians with neuro-paediatric experience should always be included in the expert teams and reliable information about the head circumference development from birth should always be available.
Influence of motivational placebo-related factors on the effects of exercise treatment in depressive adolescents
Authors: Wunram Heidrun Lioba , Hamacher Stefanie , Oberste Max , Neufang Susanne , Belke Luisa , Jänicke Franziska , Graf Christine , Schönau Eckhard , Bender Stephan , Fricke Oliver
Published: March 2021

Recent meta-analyses reveal a moderate effect of physical activity (PA) in the treatment of adolescent depression. However, not only the underlying neurobiological mechanisms, also the influences of placebo-related motivational factors (beliefs and expectancies in sporting, enjoyment and prior sports experiences), are still unclear. Based on the data of our prior study “Mood Vibes”, we hypothesized that placebo-inherent factors like positive prior sports experiences and motivational factors, (positive beliefs, expectancies, and enjoyment related to PA), would increase the effects of an add-on exercise-therapy in juvenile depression. From 64 included depressed adolescents, 41 underwent an intensive add-on PA-therapy. Motivational factors were assessed using sport-specific scales. The changes in depression scores under treatment were rated by self-rating scale (German “Childhood Depression Inventory”, (DIKJ)). A mixed model for repeated measures (MMRM) was used to analyze the effects of the different motivational variates on DIKJ. While prior sports experiences had no impact, motivational factors showed a significant effect on PA-induced changes in DIKJ scores (p = 0.002). The demotivated participants improved less, whereas it was sufficient to be neutral towards sporting to benefit significantly more. Motivational placebo-related factors (beliefs, expectancies and enjoyment regarding PA) affected the outcomes of an exercise treatment in depressed adolescents. Yet, a neutral mindset was sufficient to profit more from PA. Prior sporting in the sense of positive conditioning and as a protective factor did not play a role. Knowledge about these influences could in a second step help to develop tailored therapies.
Do-not-intubate status and COVID-19 mortality in patients admitted to Dutch non-ICU wards
Authors: van der Veer Tjeerd , van der Sar-van der Brugge Simone , Paats Marthe S. , van Nood Els , de Backer Ingrid C. , Aerts Joachim G. J. V. , van der Eerden Menno M.
Published: March 2021

Mortality from COVID-19 has been particularly high in elderly patients on mechanical ventilation. Treatment outcomes for patients with do-not-intubate (DNI) status are unknown. One hundred patients admitted to the non-ICU ward during the “first wave” were retrospectively analyzed. Mortality rate was 49% in patients with a DNI order. This subgroup was characterized by significantly higher age, more comorbidity, and care dependency. Mortality among DNI patients was three times higher than other patients, but not higher than some of the published mortality rates for elderly mechanically ventilated patients. Advanced care planning is essential in COVID-19 to assist patient autonomy and prevent non-beneficial medical interventions.
Does parental heart rate affect embryonic heart rate during incubation? An experiment in Common Terns Sterna hirundo
Authors: Kürten Nathalie , Piening Kristin , Vedder Oscar
Published: March 2021

Embryonic heart rate is a strong determinant of metabolic rate and the rate of embryonic development in oviparous species. In humans, embryonic heart rate is positively correlated with the heart rate of the mother. However, human embryos do not develop autonomously from the maternal circulatory system, making it impossible to separate maternal control from an independent embryonic adjustment of its heart rate to that of its mother. In birds, embryonic development does occur autonomously from the mother, while the embryo can auditively perceive the heart rate of the incubating parent. In this study, we used Common Terns (Sterna hirundo) to experimentally test whether the embryonic heart rate is affected by parental heart rate during incubation. We artificially incubated freshly laid eggs under standardized conditions and continuously exposed them to the sound of either a slow or fast parental heart rate throughout the first 18 days of embryonic development. At day 18 of embryonic development (a few days before hatching) there was no significant difference in the embryonic heart rate between both treatments. There was also no effect of treatment on either total duration of embryonic development or hatching success. We suggest that embryonic heart rate and development rate may not be affected by the heart rate of the parent because natural parental heart rates are very sensitive to external conditions that may fluctuate drastically, while embryos may need a relatively stable heart rate for optimal development.
Speckle tracking derived strain in neonates: planes, layers and drift
Authors: Khan Umael , Omdal Tom R. , Matre Knut , Greve Gottfried
Published: March 2021

The aims of this study was to assess the effect of using a four chamber versus a three plane model on speckle tracking derived global longitudinal strain, the effects of drift compensation, the effect of assessing strain in different layers and finally the interplay between these aspects for the assessment of strain in neonates. Speckle tracking derived longitudinal strain was obtained from 22 healthy neonates. ANOVA, Bland–Altman analyses, coefficients of variation and assessment of intraclass correlation coefficients were conducted to assess the effect of the abovementioned aspects as well as assess both inter-observer and intra-observer variability. Neither the use of the three plane model versus the four chamber model nor the use of drift compensation had a substantial effect on global longitudinal strain (less than 1%, depending on which layer was being assessed). A gradient was seen with increasing strain from the epicardial to endocardial layers, similar to what is seen in older subjects. Finally, drift compensation introduced more discrepancy in segmental strain values compared to global longitudinal strain. Global longitudinal strain in healthy neonates remains reasonably consistent regardless of whether the three plane or four chamber model is used and whether drift compensation is applied. Its value increases when one moves from the endocardial to the epicardial layer. Finally, drift compensation introduces more discrepancy for regional measures of longitudinal strain compared to global longitudinal strain.
Extended analytical formulae for the perturbed Keplerian motion under low-thrust acceleration and orbital perturbations
Authors: Di Carlo Marilena , Graça Marto Simão da , Vasile Massimiliano
Published: March 2021

This paper presents a collection of analytical formulae that can be used in the long-term propagation of the motion of a spacecraft subject to low-thrust acceleration and orbital perturbations. The paper considers accelerations due to: a low-thrust profile following an inverse square law, gravity perturbations due to the central body gravity field and the third-body gravitational perturbation. The analytical formulae are expressed in terms of non-singular equinoctial elements. The formulae for the third-body gravitational perturbation have been obtained starting from equations for the third-body potential already available in the literature. However, the final analytical formulae for the variation of the equinoctial orbital elements are a novel derivation. The results are validated, for different orbital regimes, using high-precision numerical orbit propagators.
AEDGE: Atomic experiment for dark matter and gravity exploration in space
Authors: Bertoldi Andrea , Bongs Kai , Bouyer Philippe , Buchmueller Oliver , Canuel Benjamin , Caramete Laurentiu-Ioan , Chiofalo Maria Luisa , Coleman Jonathon , De Roeck Albert , Ellis John , Graham Peter W. , Haehnelt Martin G. , Hees Aurélien , Hogan Jason , von Klitzing Wolf , Krutzik Markus , Lewicki Marek , McCabe Christopher , Peters Achim , Rasel Ernst , Roura Albert , Sabulsky Dylan , Schiller Stephan , Schubert Christian , Signorini Carla , Sorrentino Fiodor , Singh Yeshpal , Tino Guglielmo Maria , Vaskonen Ville , Zhan Ming-Sheng
Published: March 2021

This article contains a summary of the White Paper submitted in 2019 to the ESA Voyage 2050 process, which was subsequently published in EPJ Quantum Technology (AEDGE Collaboration et al. EPJ Quant. Technol. 7,6 2020). We propose in this White Paper a concept for a space experiment using cold atoms to search for ultra-light dark matter, and to detect gravitational waves in the frequency range between the most sensitive ranges of LISA and the terrestrial LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA/INDIGO experiments. This interdisciplinary experiment, called Atomic Experiment for Dark Matter and Gravity Exploration (AEDGE), will also complement other planned searches for dark matter, and exploit synergies with other gravitational wave detectors. We give examples of the extended range of sensitivity to ultra-light dark matter offered by AEDGE, and how its gravitational-wave measurements could explore the assembly of super-massive black holes, first-order phase transitions in the early universe and cosmic strings. AEDGE will be based upon technologies now being developed for terrestrial experiments using cold atoms, and will benefit from the space experience obtained with, e.g., LISA and cold atom experiments in microgravity.
LncRNA NEAT1 Promotes Inflammatory Response in Sepsis via the miR-31-5p/POU2F1 Axis
Authors: Yang Yang , Xue Jianhua , Qin Lili , Zhang Jiaxuan , Liu Jiajia , Yu Junbo
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Sepsis is considered to be a systemic inflammatory response, which results in organ dysfunction. LncRNA nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) involved in sepsis progression has been reported. However, the underlying mechanism of NEAT1 in sepsis-induced inflammatory response remains to be revealed. In this study, NEAT1 and POU domain class 2 transcription factor 1 (POU2F1) were highly expressed in LPS-induced septic RAW264.7 cells, opposite to miR-31-5p expression. Furthermore, we found that NEAT1 silencing inhibited LPS-induced inflammatory response and cell proliferation, and promoted cell apoptosis. Subsequently, we found that miR-31-5p interacted with NEAT1 and targeted the 3′UTR of POU2F1, and in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells, the inhibition of NEAT1 silencing was reversed by miR-31-5p knockdown, while POU2F1 downregulation could cover the functions of miR-31-5p knockdown. In a word, this study indicates that NEAT1 inhibits the LPS-induced progression of sepsis in RAW264.7 cells by modulating miR-31-5p/POU2F1 axis, suggesting that NEAT1 will be the potential therapeutic target for sepsis.
Pregnancy outcomes in women receiving growth hormone replacement therapy enrolled in the NordiNet® International Outcome Study (IOS) and the American Norditropin® Studies: Web-Enabled Research (ANSWER) Program
Authors: Biller Beverly M. K. , Höybye Charlotte , Carroll Paul , Gordon Murray B. , Birkegård Anna Camilla , Kelepouris Nicky , Nedjatian Navid , Weber Matthias M.
Published: March 2021

Purpose

Data on the safety of growth hormone (GH) replacement therapy during pregnancy are limited. We report a combined analysis of data from pregnant women treated with GH while enrolled in two non-interventional, multicenter studies: NordiNet® International Outcome Study (IOS) and the American Norditropin® Studies: Web-Enabled Research (ANSWER) Program.

Methods

Pregnancy data were pooled from NordiNet® IOS and the ANSWER Program. Data were collected during routine clinic visits by participating physicians using a web-based system. Patients exposed to GH replacement therapy during pregnancy were included in the analysis.

Results

The study population included 40 female patients with typical causes of adult GH deficiency (GHD). Overall, there were 54 pregnancies. Of these, 47 were exposed to GH between conception and delivery. In 48.9% of pregnancies exposed to GH, the dose was > 0.6 mg/day. GH was continued past conception and then stopped during the first, second, and third trimester, in 27.7%, 17.0%, and 2.1% of pregnancies, respectively. In 29.8%, GH was continued throughout pregnancy, with an unchanged dose in most cases. Of the 47 GH-exposed pregnancies, 37 (78.7%) progressed to normal delivery. There were three adverse events reported in two pregnancies.

Conclusion

These real-world data suggest that there were no new safety signals related to GH exposure in women with GHD during pregnancy. These results are consistent with findings from previous studies reporting data in pregnancies exposed to GH at conception or throughout pregnancy. This observational study in additional pregnancies provides further evidence that GH exposure does not adversely affect pregnancy outcome.

Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00960128 (date of registration: August 13, 2009) and NCT01009905 (date of registration: November 5, 2009).
How to measure fluctuating impairments in people with MS: development of an ambulatory assessment version of the EQ-5D-5L in an exploratory study
Authors: Blome Christine , Carlton Jill , Heesen Christoph , Janssen Mathieu F. , Lloyd Andrew , Otten Marina , Brazier John
Published: March 2021

Background

Health fluctuations even within a single day are typical in multiple sclerosis (MS), but are not captured by widely used questionnaires like the EQ-5D-5L. This exploratory study aimed to develop an ambulatory assessment (AA) version of the EQ-5D-5L (EQ-5D-AA) where patients rate their health on mobile phones multiple times per day over several days, and to assess its feasibility and face validity.

Methods

An initial EQ-5D-AA version was based on two patient focus groups. It was then tested and continuously developed in an iterative process: patients completed it over several days, followed by debriefing interviews. Findings were used to refine the EQ-5D-AA, with the resulting version being tested by the subsequent wave of patients until participants declared no need for changes anymore. Before and after the AA period, participants completed the standard paper-based EQ-5D-5L asking about ‘today’.

Results

Focus group participants reported that their impairments often fluctuated between and within days. They regarded an AA with three assessments per day over seven days most appropriate; assessment should be retrospective to the previous assessment, but not all items should be assessed at each time point. Four waves of AA testing were conducted. Thirteen out of the 17 participants preferred the AA over standard assessment as they regarded it more informative, but not too burdensome.

Conclusion

The newly developed one-week AA of the EQ-5D-5L captures within-day and day-to-day health fluctuations in people with MS. From the patients’ perspective, it is a feasible and face valid way to provide important information beyond what is captured by the standard EQ-5D-5L.
Pharmacogenomics applied to recombinant human growth hormone responses in children with short stature
Authors: Stevens Adam , Perchard Reena , Garner Terence , Clayton Peter , Murray Philip
Published: March 2021

We present current knowledge concerning the pharmacogenomics of growth hormone therapy in children with short stature. We consider the evidence now emerging for the polygenic nature of response to recombinant human growth hormone (r-hGH). These data are related predominantly to the use of transcriptomic data for prediction. The impact of the complex interactions of developmental phenotype over childhood on response to r-hGH are discussed. Finally, the issues that need to be addressed in order to develop a clinical test are described.
Language of instruction: Concerning its choice and social prestige in Burkina Faso
Authors: David-Erb Melanie
Published: March 2021

This article explores and discusses one of the main findings of the author’s recent dissertation, namely that parents’ and pupils’ choice of language of instruction in formal schooling depends on its social prestige. The author first reviews the latest research on language in education in sub-Saharan Africa, and asks why indigenous languages are so rarely used in formal schooling in this region, despite political demands for their greater use and ample scientific research showing their positive effects. Burkina Faso exemplifies this seemingly contradictory situation. Indigenous languages and French are complementary in formal and non-formal schooling as well as in areas of informal education; however, a closer look at the areas of application of each language reveals that indigenous languages have lower prestige than French, as well as lower expected and required outcomes. This is one possible explanation for the low usage rates of indigenous languages in formal schooling and reveals the extent to which the choice of language of instruction depends on its social prestige.
Psychomotor skills development for Veress needle placement using a virtual reality and haptics-based simulator
Authors: Di Vece Chiara , Luciano Cristian , De Momi Elena
Published: March 2021

Purpose

Veress needle (VN) insertion, if not correctly performed, could cause severe injuries to intra-abdominal organs and vessels. Therefore, cognitive and psychomotor skills training is needed. Virtual reality (VR) and haptic technologies have the potential to offer realistic simulations.

Methods

We developed a novel VR and haptic surgical simulator for VN insertion to teach trainees how to correctly puncture the abdominal wall, experiencing realistic tactile sensations throughout the simulation. The simulator allows for both procedural and realistic training. We released two different versions: the first using the OpenHaptics$$^{\text {TM}}$$TM(OH) Toolkit and the second exploiting CHAI3D. We evaluated the learning effect using different performance indexes (time to perform the procedure, error in insertion angle, number of undesired contacts with organs) in an insertion task for both experienced urologists and students.

Results

A general improvement of the chosen performance indexes was registered in the second repetition of the task for both groups. From the questionnaires, the simulator leveraging OH provides the trainee with a more precise haptic feedback, whereas the one exploiting CHAI3D allows them to perform the procedure more easily thanks to the better visualization of the virtual environment. The results proved that the participants appreciated both implementations, and the System Usability Scale (SUS) test resulted in a “good” usability.

Conclusion

The haptics-based and VR simulator has shown the potential to be an important resource for the basic urological training in obtaining the pneumoperitoneum and improving the acquisition of the necessary psychomotor skills, allowing for extended and more effective training without compromising patient safety.
Re-Os dating, and Pb-H-O isotope characteristics, of the Abra Cu-Ag-Pb-Au polymetallic deposit in Western Australia
Authors: Xi Chaozhuang , Zheng Minghong , He Ling , Xia Haodong
Published: March 2021

The Abra deposit, a large lead-silver-copper–gold polymetallic deposit in Western Australia, is located at the eastern of the metallogenic belt of the Jillawarra basin in the Bangemall basin. The 4th to the 6th rock section of the Irrigully Group of Edmund Series are the principal ore-host strata, composed mainly of sandstone and fine sandstone. The orebody in Abra can be classified into two types as upper layer-like lead-silver and lower veins or netvein copper–gold. The metal minerals are mainly galena, chalcopyrite, and pyrite, while the gangue minerals are mainly quartz, dolomite, and barite. Both Re-Os isotopic age of the pyrite (1329.5 ± 98 Ma) with the initial (187Os/188Os) = 5.0 ± 3.8 and Pb isotopic compositions (206Pb/204Pb = 15.914–15.967, 207Pb/204Pb = 15.425–15.454, 208Pb/204Pb = 35.584–35.667) suggests that the metal minerals were sourced from the wall-rocks. δDV-SMOW values of quartz range from -35‰ to -17‰ whereas δ18OV-SMOW value range from 12‰ to 16‰ which indicates that the ore-forming fluids of Abra were medium–low temperature and medium–low salinity, and were mainly metamorphic water and secondary atmospheric precipitation. When the medium–low temperature ore-forming fluids are mixed with oxidizing reducing fluids carrying a large number of metal substances, a large number of ore-forming substances will be precipitated when the physical and chemical conditions change, thus it can be considered that the Abra deposit is a medium–low temperature hydrothermal polymetallic deposit.
A systematic review of behavioural and exercise interventions for the prevention and management of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy symptoms
Authors: Tanay Mary Anne Lagmay , Armes Jo , Moss-Morris Rona , Rafferty Anne Marie , Robert Glenn
Published: March 2021

Background

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) can result in functional difficulties. Pharmacological interventions used to prevent CIPN either show low efficacy or lack evidence to support their use and to date, duloxetine remains the only recommended treatment for painful CIPN. Non-pharmacological interventions such as exercise and behavioural interventions for CIPN exist.

Purpose

The aims were to (1) identify and appraise evidence on existing behavioural and exercise interventions focussed on preventing or managing CIPN symptoms, (2) describe psychological mechanisms of action by which interventions influenced CIPN symptoms, (3) determine the underpinning conceptual models that describe how an intervention may create behaviour change, (4) identify treatment components of each intervention and contextual factors, (5) determine the nature and extent of patient and clinician involvement in developing existing interventions and (6) summarise the relative efficacy or effectiveness of interventions to lessen CIPN symptoms and to improve quality of life, balance and muscle strength.

Methods

A systematic search of Ovid Medline, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Health Management Information Consortium, Global Health and CINAHL was performed to identify articles published between January 2000 to May 2020, followed by OpenGrey search and hand-searching of relevant journals. Studies that explored behavioural and/or exercise interventions designed to prevent or improve symptoms of CIPN in adults who had received or were receiving neurotoxic chemotherapy for any type of cancer, irrespective of when delivered within the cancer pathway were included.

Results

Nineteen randomised controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies which explored behavioural (n=6) and exercise (n=13) interventions were included. Four studies were rated as methodologically strong, ten were moderate and five were weak. Ten exercise and two behavioural interventions, including those that improved CIPN knowledge and self-management resources and facilitated symptom self-reporting, led to reduced CIPN symptoms during and/or after chemotherapy treatment.

Conclusions

The extent of potential benefits from the interventions was difficult to judge, due to study limitations. Future interventions should incorporate a clear theoretical framework and involve patients and clinicians in the development process.

Implications for Cancer Survivors

Our findings show exercise interventions have beneficial effects on CIPN symptoms although higher quality research is warranted. Behavioural interventions that increase patient’s CIPN knowledge, improve self-management capacity and enable timely access to symptom management led to reduced CIPN symptoms.
Curve Flows with a Global Forcing Term
Authors: Dittberner Friederike
Published: March 2021

We consider embedded, smooth curves in the plane which are either closed or asymptotic to two lines. We study their behaviour under curve shortening flow with a global forcing term. We prove an analogue to Huisken’s distance comparison principle for curve shortening flow for initial curves whose local total curvature does not lie below $$-\pi $$

-
π

and show that this condition is sharp. With that, we can exclude singularities in finite time for bounded forcing terms. For immortal flows of closed curves whose forcing terms provide non-vanishing enclosed area and bounded length, we show convexity in finite time and smooth and exponential convergence to a circle. In particular, all of the above holds for the area preserving curve shortening flow.
The ethics of resource allocation in translational genomic medicine
Authors: Munthe Christian
Published: March 2021

Two basic models of the rationale of translational genomic medicine (TGM)—the “Lab Assisting Clinic” (LAC) and the “Clinic Assisting Lab” (CAL) models—are distinguished, in order to address the ethics of allocating resources for TGM. The basic challenge of justifying such allocation is for TGM to demonstrate sufficient benefits to justify the opportunity cost of lost benefits in other areas of medicine or research. While suggested ethics frameworks for translational medicine build on clearly distinguishing these models, actual TGM typically blurs them. Due to lack of and difficulty in collecting evidence, prospects for justifying the LAC model currently seem poor, but this difficulty might be overcome by more research that tests the very concept of TGM. The CAL model aims to thus advance science, but is ridden by ethical hazard, undermining attempts at justification. This leaves the notion of running bona fide controlled trials of entire TGM concepts that have been justified from the perspective of clinical and research ethics (and approved by IRBs). It remains, however, an open question if the outcomes of such trials will demonstrate benefits that can justify the investment in TGM. To advance the prospect of such justification further, charting of the cost-benefit profile of TGM compared to alternative health investments would be helpful.
Continuous integration in urban social-ecological systems science needs to allow for spacing co-existence
Authors: Haase Dagmar
Published: March 2021

Urbanization brings benefits and burdens to both humans and nature. Cities are key systems for integrated social-ecological research and the interdisciplinary journal of Ambio has published ground-breaking contributions in this field. This reflection piece identifies and discusses integration of the human and natural spheres in urban social-ecological research using the following foundational papers as important milestones: Folke et al. (1997), Ernstson et al. (2010) and Andersson et al. (2014). These papers each take unique approaches that aim to uncover core properties—processes, structures, and actors—of urban systems and set them into mutual relationship. This piece will end with a forward-looking vision for the coming 50 years of urban sustainability and resilience study in Ambio.
Survivin drives tumor-associated macrophage reprogramming: a novel mechanism with potential impact for obesity
Authors: Benaiges E. , Ceperuelo-Mallafré V. , Madeira A. , Bosch R. , Núñez-Roa C. , Ejarque M. , Maymó-Masip E. , Huber-Ruano I. , Lejeune M. , Vendrell J. , Fernández-Veledo S.
Published: March 2021

Purpose

Recent studies point to adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) as a link between obesity and cancer. We aimed to determine whether survivin, which is highly secreted by ASCs from subjects with obesity, might drive a pro-tumoral phenotype in macrophages.

Methods

The effect of ASC conditioned medium on the macrophage phenotype was assessed by expression studies. Survivin intracellular localization and internalization were examined by subcellular fractionation and immunofluorescence, respectively. Loss- and gain-of-function studies were performed using adenoviral vectors, and gene expression patterns, migration and invasion capacities of cancer cells were examined. Heterotypic cultures of ASCs, macrophages and cancer cells were established to mimic the tumor microenvironment. Survivin-blocking experiments were used to determine the impact of survivin on both macrophages and cancer cells. Immunohistochemical analysis of survivin was performed in macrophages from ascitic fluids of cancer patients and healthy controls.

Results

We found that obese-derived ASCs induced a phenotypic switch in macrophages characterized by the expression of both pro- and anti-inflammatory markers. Macrophages were found to internalize extracellular survivin, generating hybrid macrophages with a tumor-associated phenotype that included secretion of survivin. Exogenous expression of survivin in macrophages generated a similar phenotype and enhanced the malignant characteristics of cancer cells by a mechanism dependent on survivin phosphorylation at threonine 34. Survivin secreted by both ASCs from subjects with obesity and tumor-associated macrophages synergistically boosted the malignancy of cancer cells. Importantly, survivin was mainly detected in ascites-associated macrophages from patients with a malignant diagnosis.

Conclusion

Our data indicate that survivin may serve as a molecular link between obesity and cancer and as a novel marker for tumor-associated macrophages.
Integration of manufacturing and pricing for downward substitution products decision-making
Authors: He Hua
Published: March 2021

With a cap-and-trade policy and green technology as inputs, we built a manufacturing ordering and pricing joint decision-making model for two downward substitution products to identify the conditions for optimal order quantities and prices of products under the additive demand case. Considering the case of a single period model, the conditions required for optimal manufacturing quantities and pricing were discussed, and the construction of the model was analyzed; furthermore, a study of the tactical choices between green technology inputs and manufacturing decisions was conducted, and the conditions required for green technology manufacturing input were obtained.
Muslim*innen in kommunalpolitischen Spitzenpositionen? Über die Prävalenz gegen muslimische Bürgermeisterkandidat*innen gerichtete Einstellungen in Deutschland und ihre sozial-psychologischen Triebfaktoren
Authors: Öztürk Cemal
Published: March 2021

In Deutschland sind Bürgermeister*innen muslimischen Glaubens kein Novum mehr und doch wäre es falsch von einer neuen Normalität zu sprechen. Besonders deutlich wurde dies durch die zurückgezogene Bürgermeisterkandidatur von Sener Sahin in der bayrischen Landgemeinde Wallerstein, die Anfang dieses Jahres für überregionale Schlagzeilen sorgte. Sein Fall zeigt exemplarisch, dass Muslim*innen in Deutschland immer seltener in ihrer individuellen Vielfalt wahrgenommen werden und dass die gegen Muslim*innen existierenden gruppenbezogenen Vorurteile dem Gleichheitsgebot des deutschen Grundgesetzes zuwiderlaufen. Dieser Aufsatz nimmt die Geschehnisse in Wallerstein zum Anlass, um einen empirisch-analytischen Blick auf die deutsche Gesellschaft zu werfen. Im Fokus steht dabei (a) die Prävalenz gegen muslimische Bürgermeisterkandidat*innen gerichteter Einstellungen und (b) ihre sozial-psychologischen Triebfaktoren. Die Auswertung einer Repräsentativbefragung des ALLBUS (2016) zeigt, dass die pauschale Ablehnung von muslimischen Bürgermeisterkandidat*innen keine Seltenheit in Deutschland ist. Mehr als die Hälfte der deutschen Bevölkerung steht muslimischen Bürgermeisterkandidat*innen skeptisch bis ablehnend gegenüber. Diese Negativhaltungen werden von einem ganzen Konglomerat sozial-psychologischer Erklärungsfaktoren begünstigt: Mitglieder freikirchlich-evangelischer Gemeinden, orthodoxe Christen*innen, sowie Befragte mit einem ausgeprägten Nationalstolz (Social-Identity-Hypothese); und insbesondere Bürger*innen, die den Islam und seine Angehörigen als Bedrohung wahrnehmen (Integrated-Threat-Theory-Hypothese), tendieren dazu, den Teilhabeaspirationen von Muslim*innen eine Absage zu erteilen. Besonders häufig findet sich diese Ablehnungshaltung unter Wählergruppen des rechten Parteienspektrums, unter älteren Befragten, in ländlichen Gebieten und an Orten, in denen Muslim*innen eine verschwindend geringe Minderheit darstellen. Vice versa können sich Kontakte mit Menschen mit einem Migrationshintergrund als Antiserum gegen anti-muslimische Vorurteile erweisen (Kontakt-Hypothese).
Gasification of spent pot-lining from the aluminum industry
Authors: Janajreh Isam , Elagroudy Sherien , Ghenai Chaouki , Raza Syed Shabbar , Adeyemi Idowu , Moustakas Konstantinos
Published: March 2021

Aluminum production generates enormous spent pot lining (SPL) waste of around one million tons yearly, and these wastes are usually disposed in landfills. Hence, the technical feasibility of SPL gasification using both equilibrium and reactive high-fidelity modeling was evaluated in this study. Three SPL with different washing treatment, i.e., water (WWSPL), acid treated (ATSPL), and full treated (FTSPL, a combination of both water and acid washing) were used for the modeling. The equilibrium model considered twelve species, while the high-fidelity simulation was modeled with multiple species. Moreover, the high fidelity model is governed by the steady non-isothermal Navier–Stokes equation coupled with the discrete phase in Eulerian–Lagrangian scheme. The process metrics were assessed via the produced syngas fraction (CO/H2) and gasification efficiency (GE). The equilibrium analysis of WWSPL, ATSPL, FTSPL, respectively, resulted in GE of 40, 65, and 75%. The corresponding syngas molar fractions for CO and H2 were 0.804 and 0.178 at 1450 °C; 0.769 and 0.159 at 1100 °C; and 0.730 and 0.218 at 1150 °C. These results suggest the potentiality and feasibility of gasifying the treated SPL, which was considered in the high-fidelity. Although the results show different trend from equilibrium for the FTSPL gasification (i.e., small molar fraction of CO2 and H2O and high syngas fraction dominated by CO at 0.75 and 0.1 H2 at best GE of 70%), it re-emphasizes the potential of the gasification of FTSPL as recyclable/renewable energy source.

Graphical abstract
Determination of corrugated core sandwich panels elastic constant based on three different experimental methods and effect of structural integrity on flexural properties
Authors: Abedzade Atar Hamid , Zarrebini Mohammad , Hasani Hossein , Rezaeepazhand Jalil
Published: March 2021

This study deals with the investigation of flexural stiffness and transverse shear rigidity in the direction of corrugation of the integrated and non-integrated corrugated core sandwich panels with the rectangular core. The non-integrated sandwich panels were reinforced with conventional 2-D fabrics in which resin provides the bond between core and skins. The integrated sandwich panels were reinforced with 3-D weft knitted fabrics in which bonding of the core wall to skins was carried out by combined efforts of knitted loop and resin. Using weft knitting technical capabilities, samples of the integrated and non-integrated structures were manufactured with the uppermost degree of resemblance in terms of geometry and mass. Flexural stiffness and transverse shear rigidity of the structures based on the known and unknown facing modulus of ASTM D7250 standard and Nordstrand–Carlsson methods were calculated. The estimated elastic constants based on unknown facing modulus and the Nordstrand–Carlsson methods were found to be highly compatible. However, the unknown facing modulus method is prone to disclose the statistical significant differences between the elastic constants of the structures with fewer tests. Regarding the unknown facing modulus method, it was found that the flexural stiffness and transverse shear rigidity of the non-integrated structure in the direction of corrugation were higher than those of the integrated structure. Results also indicated that the load-carrying capacity in the direction of corrugation was significantly higher in case of the non-integrated rectangular core structure compared with that of the integrated structure.
EMHD radiating fluid flow along a vertical Riga plate with suction in a rotating system
Authors: Khatun Sheela , Islam Muhammad Minarul , Mollah Md. Tusher , Poddar Saykat , Alam Md. Mahmud
Published: March 2021

This study is performed on the numerical investigation of electro-magnetohydrodynamic (EMHD) radiating fluid flow nature along an infinitely long vertical Riga plate with suction in a rotating system. The prevailing equations are generated from the Navier–Stokes’ and energy equations. A uniform suction velocity is introduced to control the flow. The prevailing boundary layer (BL) equations are the stuff to delineate the mechanical features of the flowing nature along with the electromagnetic device (Riga plate). Accordingly, the use of usual transformations on the equations transformed those into a coupled dimensionless system of non-linear partial differential equations (PDEs). After conversion, the elucidation of the set of equations is conducted numerically by an explicit finite difference method (FDM). The criteria for stable and converging solutions are constructed to find restrictions on various non-dimensional parameters. The retrieved restrictions are $$P_{r} \ge 0.19,\,$$

P
r

≥
0.19
,

$$R_{d} \ge 0.1,\,\,$$

R
d

≥
0.1
,

$$S \ge 1,$$

S
≥
1
,

$$E_{c} = 0.01\,\,$$

E
c

=
0.01

and $$0 < R \le 0.1$$

0
<
R
≤
0.1

. Furthermore, sensitivity tests on mesh and time as well as comparison within the literature have been demonstrated in graphical and tabular form. Finally, the important findings of the non-dimensional parameters influences have been portrayed in graphical manner by using the MATLAB R2015a tool. A substantial uprise is noted for both the velocities (secondary and primary) under the rising actions of the modified Hartmann number, whereas the suction parameter suppresses both the velocities.
Outcomes and predictors of early emergency department discharge among children with acute gastroenteritis and moderate dehydration
Authors: Almutairi Mohammed Khalaf , Al-Saleh Abdullah M. , Qadrah Bedoor H. Al , Sarhan Nora Tarig , Alshehri Norah Abdullah , Shaheen Naila A.
Published: March 2021

Background:

Gastroenteritis is one of the most common diseases that affects children and remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. There is conflicting evidence regarding the effect of rapid intravenous fluid regimen on the clinical outcome of patients with acute gastroenteritis. This study aimed to assess the current practice of intravenous hydration on the clinical outcomes of pediatric patients with acute gastroenteritis and determine the predictive factors for early discharge and emergency department (ED) revisit.

Methods:

A cohort study was carried out among children aged from 1 month to 14 years who presented to the ED in a tertiary care hospital between September 2015 and September 2017. Children diagnosed with acute gastroenteritis and moderate dehydration who require intravenous hydration were included in the study. The patients were followed up until discharge from ED, admission to the hospital or revisit to the ED. Collected variables were demographics, presenting symptoms, biochemical marker, amount of intravenous fluid (IVF) received and prescription of anti-emetics. Descriptive statistics were summarized as mean, standard deviation for continuous variables and proportions for categorical variables. Logistic regression was used to identify risk factors.

Results:

Out of 284 patients, 148 (52%) were males, 20 (7%) were infants, 80 (28%) were toddlers, 90 (32%) were in preschool, 88 (31%) were in school and 6 (2.1%) were adolescents. No significant difference was observed in the admission rate, discharge within 12 h or less and ED revisits for those who received IVF >40 ml/kg as compared to those who received <40 ml/kg. Patients with bicarbonate level closer to normal are more likely to be discharged after 4 h (odds ratio (OR) 1.2 and 95% CI 1.12–1.43). Patients presenting only with vomiting/diarrhoea were less likely to revisit ED (OR 0.33 (95% CI 0.143 - 0.776), while patients with an increase in CO2 level (OR 1.19 and 95% CI 1.0 -1.436) and anion gap (OR 1.29 and 95% CI 1.08–1.54) were more likely to revisit within 1 week post discharge.

Conclusion:

This study did not show any additional benefits of receiving IVF > 40 ml/kg over 4 h neither in early discharge nor in reducing the ED revisit. CO2 closer to normal was a significant predictor for early discharge in 4 h where the closer level of CO2 and AGAP were associated with an increase in the chance of a revisit to the ED within 1 week after discharge.
Performing the Gospels in Byzantium
Authors: Betancourt Roland
Published: March 2021

Tracing the Gospel text from script to illustration to recitation, this study looks at how illuminated manuscripts operated within ritual and architecture. Focusing on a group of richly illuminated lectionaries from the late eleventh century, the book articulates how the process of textual recitation produced marginalia and miniatures that reflected and subverted the manner in which the Gospel was read and simultaneously imagined by readers and listeners alike. This unique approach to manuscript illumination points to images that slowly unfolded in the mind of its listeners as they imagined the text being recited, as meaning carefully changed and built as the text proceeded. By examining this process within specific acoustic architectural spaces and the sonic conditions of medieval chant, the volume brings together the concerns of sound studies, liturgical studies, and art history to demonstrate how images, texts, and recitations played with the environment of the Middle Byzantine church.