bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A lethal fungal pathogen directly alters tight junction proteins in the skin of a susceptible amphibian
Authors: Gauberg J. , Wu N. , Cramp R. L. , Kelly S. P. , Franklin C. E.
Published: December 2018

Bacterial and viral pathogens can weaken epithelial barriers by targeting and disrupting tight junction (TJ) proteins. Comparatively, however, little is known about the direct effects of fungal pathogens on TJ proteins and their expression. The disease, chytridiomycosis, caused by the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), is threatening amphibian populations worldwide. Bd is known to infect amphibian skin and disrupt cutaneous osmoregulation. However, exactly how this occurs is poorly understood. This study considered the impact of Bd infection on the barrier properties of the Australian green tree frog (Litoria caerulea) epidermis by examining how inoculation of animals with Bd influenced the paracellular movement of FITC-dextran (4 kDa, FD-4) across the skin in association with alterations in the mRNA and protein abundance of select TJ proteins of the epidermal TJ complex. It was observed that Bd infection increased paracellular movement of FD-4 across the skin linearly with fungal infection load. In addition, Bd infection increased transcript abundance of the tricellular TJ (tTJ) protein tricellulin (tric) as well as the bicellular TJ (bTJ) proteins occludin (ocln), claudin (cldn) -1, -4 and the scaffolding TJ protein zonula occludens-1 (zo-1). However, while Tric protein abundance increased in accord with changes in transcript abundance, protein abundance of Cldn-1 was significantly reduced and Ocln protein abundance was unchanged. Data indicate that disruption of cutaneous osmoregulation in L. caerulea following Bd infection occurs, at least in part, by an increase in epidermal paracellular permeability in association with compromised integrity of the epidermal TJ complex.
Αντιλήψεις εκπαιδευτικών, δίγλωσσων μαθητών/τριών και γονέων μεταναστευτικής καταγωγής γύρω από τη διγλωσσία: Μεθοδολογικά ζητήματα και επανεξέταση ερευνητικών δεδομένων
Authors: Γκαϊνταρτζή Αναστασία
Published: December 2018

Στo παρόν άρθρο επιχειρείται μέσα από την παρουσίαση της εθνογραφικής έρευνας: «Ζητήματα διγλωσσίας σε παιδιά προσχολικής και σχολικής ηλικίας: Κοινωνικές και εκπαιδευτικές διαστάσεις» (Γκαϊνταρτζή, 2012) η συζήτηση μεθοδολογικών ζητημάτων και η επανεξέταση των ερευνητικών της δεδομένων υπό το πρίσμα μεταγενέστερων ερευνών. Το άρθρο εστιάζει στο ζήτημα της σχέσης της ερευνήτριας με τους/τις συμμετέχοντες/ουσες, της εμπλοκής της στο πεδίο της έρευνας και της υποκειμενικότητάς της, έτσι όπως προσεγγίστηκε στην εθνογραφική έρευνα της διδακτορικής διατριβής. Ακολουθεί η επανεξέταση και κριτική συζήτηση των ερευνητικών της δεδομένων, τα οποία αφορούν τις γλωσσικές αντιλήψεις εκπαιδευτικών, δίγλωσσων μαθητών/τριών και γονέων μεταναστευτικής καταγωγής, ενόψει μεταγενέστερων ερευνητικών δεδομένων.
Αφιέρωμα: Ταξίδι στο χθες: Τριάντα χρόνια θύμησες από την ίδρυση του ΤΕΠΑΕ ΑΠΘ (1984-2014)
Authors: Βακαλόπουλος Κωνσταντίνος
Published: December 2018

Ιστορία του Τμήματος Επιστημών Προσχολικής Αγωγής και Εκπαίδευσης του Α.Π.Θ. με αφορμή τη συμπλήρωση τριάντα χρόνων το 2014 από την ίδρυσή του.
Management of Internal Social Programs of the Organization and Evaluation of Their Efficiency
Authors: Сувалова Т. , Suvalova Tatyana
Published: December 2018

The aim of the study is to analyze the effectiveness of the implementation of internal social programs of organizations. The planning of social events is aimed at increasing the loyalty of employees to the organization, the growth of labor productivity, social activity, creativity, and rationalization of activities. The article discusses the goals, scope, focus and results of social programs, examines approaches to methods for assessing their effectiveness, offers an assessment of their economic efficiency using a set of quantitative and qualitative indicators. An assessment is made of the economic indicators of the effectiveness of social programs in terms of investments in the past (historical cost), present (replacement cost) and future periods (economic value). Analyzed indicators for assessing the effectiveness of the organization’s social programs in key areas. The main positive factors that directly affect the cumulative economic effect are formulated. The factors of socio-psychological well-being and activating factors of employees’ work are investigated.
Incentive System as an Instrument of Personnel Motivation
Authors: Митрофанова Александра , Mitrofanova Aleksandra
Published: December 2018

Modern development of management theory and practice pays special attention to staff incentives, which, often, takes the main place in a personnel management system of the organizations in various branches. In modern conditions inefficient incentive system is the widespread phenomenon on what directly and indirectly specify data on supply balance and demand in labor market, personnel fluidity in the organizations, unsatisfactory professional level of personnel and others. In this regard, researches in the field of staff incentive acquire special relevance. The author proves a work incentives role in the system of the social and labor relations in the organization, shows change of relationship between the employer and the hired worker on the basis of the effective system of work incentives. Also the author defines policy and represents structure of incentive system. Requirements, the principles and the purposes of staff incentives are submitted. The algorithm of incentives system formation in the organization is described.
Specific Features Leader in Small Business
Authors: Орлова Л. , Orlova Lyubov'
Published: December 2018

Success in all areas of business management depends on the development of specific tasks, but some small business managers perform better in the role of administrators, merchants, or inventors, rather than leaders. What distinguishes leadership from small business management is that in order to lead others, a leader must rely less on power, and more on authority. In business relations, authority usually originates from a number of sources: charisma, natural qualities, traditions, roles, functions, status, etc. In the process of analyzing leadership in a small business, one should take into account not only the leader, group, task and situation, but also the fact that changing any of these factors will affect all the others. Skillful leaders take into account individual needs in the group and the requirements for performing tasks.
Issues of Market Sustainability of Business: Personnel Management and Implementation of the Concept of Relationship Marketing
Authors: Сергиенко Е. , Sergienko E. , Сапрыкина Н. , Saprykina N. , Чернобродова Л. , Chernobrodova Lyudmila
Published: December 2018

The article deals with the issues of business stability in a highly competitive market environment. In many ways, the stability of the company is ensured by its harmonious interaction with other players working on the market. Directly strong ties are formed through the activity of the company’s staff, which is managed on the basis of sound strategies, well-thought-out tactics and solutions to high-quality complex of operational tasks. Today, on the one hand, the concept of interaction marketing is recognized as very relevant and effective, on the other – the implementation of the principles of this concept is impossible without the involved personnel. Therefore, it is proposed to consider the problems of application in business practice of the current market concept and issues of personnel management in a single research field. The paper notes that the concept of interaction marketing is legally used in the harmonization of market activities and the formation of relations between the company and consumers, the company and partners, the company and competitors, intra-corporate interaction and interaction with other stakeholders. Following this logic, as a scientific novelty identified key areas of personnel management to strengthen market stability through the implementation of the concept of interaction marketing.
Perspective Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Domestic and Foreign Recruitment Companies
Authors: Сувалова Т. , Suvalova Tatyana , Ашурбеков Р. , Ashurbekov R.
Published: December 2018

The introduction of artificial intelligence in any sphere of human activity today occurs at an accelerated pace. Recruiting is no exception. Is artificial intelligence able to force out selection specialists and self-interview a candidate? How do job seekers react to being interviewed by a robot, not a person? Is it possible to completely exclude a person from the personnel selection process and shift all functions to artificial intelligence? Let’s try to answer the questions posed in this article. The study analyzes the results of introducing a startup from the St. Petersburg company Stafory, which developed and introduced Vera, a robot recruiter, into the Russian and foreign HR market. The characteristic of modern software for recruiting and programs for recruitment agencies is given. The main advantages of using artificial intelligence in the system of mass recruitment of large trading companies are described.
Russian language and literature. Part 2: Literature
Authors: Сигов Владимир , Sigov Vladimir , Иванова Елена , Ivanova YElyena , Колядич Татьяна , Kolyadich Tatyana , Черноземова Елена , CHyernozyemova YElyena
Published: December 2018

This textbook is fully consistent with the content and methodological requirements of the approximate program of General educational discipline "Russian language and literature" for professional educational organizations and contains a sufficient amount of topics and materials to master the knowledge and skills in literature within the Federal state educational standard of General (complete) secondary education, to organize preparation for the exam and writing
The textbook is intended for students of secondary vocational schools, regardless of the profile of the basic educational program for which they are trained.
Solving business problems in English (communicative aspect)
Authors: Дудник Леонид , Dudnik Leonid , Путиловская Татьяна , Putilovskaya Tat'yana
Published: December 2018

The training manual is aimed at the formation and development of the ability to solve business problems using the English language and mastering the competencies necessary for collective discussion in English and solving business problems arising in professional activities.
Meets the requirements of the Federal state educational standard of higher education of the last generation.
The manual is intended for masters studying English in the framework of training in the following areas: 38.04.01 " Economics»,
38.04.02 "Management", 38.04.03" personnel Management", 38.04.04"State and municipal management". 38.04.08 "Finance and credit", 43.04.03 "Hospitality", 27.04.05 "innovation". 39.04.01 "Sociology".
Recommender System Rethink: Implications for an Electronic Marketplace with Competing Manufacturers
Authors: Li Lusi , Chen Jianqing , Raghunathan Srinivasan
Published: December 2018

Recommender systems that inform consumers about their likely ideal products have become the cornerstone of e-commerce platforms that sell products from competing manufacturers. Using a model of an electronic marketplace in which two competing manufacturers sell their products through a common retail platform, we study the effect of recommender systems on the retail platform, manufacturers, consumer surplus, and social welfare. In our setting, consumers are differentiated with respect to their preference for the two products (locational differentiation) and awareness about the two products (informational differentiation). A recommender system selects the recommendation based on a recommendation score, which is a weighted sum of expected retailer profit and expected consumer value. We find that the recommender system may benefit or hurt the retailer and the manufacturers depending on the signs and magnitudes of the substitution effect and demand effect of the recommender system. The substitution effect of the recommender system either intensifies or softens the price competition between two manufacturers through two forces—its direct influence alters the informational differentiation of consumers (which affects the markup that manufacturers can charge), and its strategic influence motivates the manufacturers to use price as a lever to attract more recommendations in their favor. The demand effect of the recommender system increases overall consumer awareness, but, depending on the substitution effect, may increase or decrease the demand. The recommendation strategy, namely, the relative weight assigned to retailer profit vis-á-vis consumer value in computing the recommendation score, along with recommender system precision and the relative sizes of segments of consumers with different awareness levels, determines whether the retailer benefits from the recommender system and by how much. We find that the retailer’s optimal recommendation strategy is mildly profit oriented in the sense that it assigns a larger, but not too large, weight to retailer profit compared to consumer value, and that under the optimal strategy, the price competition is less intense and the retailer profit is higher compared to when there is no recommender system. Furthermore, an increase in either the recommender system precision or the fraction of consumers that are aware of at least one product induces the retailer to adopt a more profit-oriented recommendation strategy.

The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2017.0765 .
Cryopreserved amniotic membrane in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers: a case series
Authors: Valiente Mónica Rodríguez , Nicolás Francisco J. , García-Hernández Ana M. , Mora Cristina Fuente , Blanquer Miguel , Alcaraz Patricio J. , Almansa Sonia , Merino Guadalupe Ruiz , Lucas Ma Dolores López , Algueró María C. , Insausti Carmen L. , Piñero Antonio , Moraleda José M. , Castellanos Gregorio
Published: December 2018

Objective:

The amniotic membrane (AM) is a tissue with low immunogenity and high therapeutic potential due to its anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic and antimicrobial effects. This paper describes the use of cryopreserved amniotic membrane allografts to treat diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) in patients with diabetes.

Method:

In this case series, AM was processed to obtain a final medicinal product: cryopreserved amniotic membrane. cryopreserved AM was applied every 7–10 days until total epithelialisation of the DFUs.

Results:

A total of 14 patients with DFUs (median size: 12.30cm, (range: 0.52–42.5cm2) were treated and followed up until complete closure (median time: 20 weeks, range: 7–56 weeks). Patients received 4–40 AM applications. All patients in this study achieved complete epithelialisation of the wound. No adverse events were observed.

Conclusion:

AM is a feasible and safe treatment in complex DFUs. Furthermore, the treatment is successful in achieving epithelialisation of long-evolution, unhealed wounds resistant to conventional therapies.
Where do the electrodes go? The clinical use of TENS
Authors: Bowditch Jessica
Published: December 2018

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is an adjunct modality that can be used to help alleviate pain in our animal patients. It is a modality that is low in side effects and cost, making it an easy choice to add to the rehabilitation plan. This article describes conventional TENS and its clinical application.
A simple rearing technique for larvae and observations on the larval biology of Australian ‘splendid ghost moths’, Aenetus (Herrich-Schäffer, 1855) (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae)

Authors: BEAVER ETHAN PEREGRINE , GREHAN JOHN
Published: December 2018

It is difficult to associate species of the wood-boring moth in the genus Aenetus with their host plant, because larvae develop inside live trees. A new method is described for rearing larvae of Aenetus eximia, A. lewinii, A. blackburnii, A. ligniveren and A. scotti in cut stems of trees containing larval tunnels by feeding them apple pieces. Larvae that completed development were reared from 49 to 396 days after collection from the field. Aspects of larval feeding webs and adult emergence are described, and new host records are documented. The rearing method is shown to provide an effective means of accurately determining the species of Aenetus developing inside a given host plant.  It was more convenient than obtaining pupae or emerging adults in the field, which is often not possible to do. The method should be useful for conducting surveys, particularly for species with wide distribution ranges. This method may also be effective for the study of other genera of callus feeding, stem boring Hepialidae, such as Archaeoaenetus, Endoclita, Phassus, Schausiana and Zeloptypia.
Prevalencia de factores de riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular en estudiantes universitarios de Santa Fe (Argentina)
Authors: Negro Emilse , Gerstner Carolina , Depetris Romina , Barfuss Alejandra , González Marcela , Williner María Rosa
Published: December 2018

Resumen  Introducción: Las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) causan el 25% de las muertes en el mundo. En América, Argentina ocupa el cuarto lugar. Factores como sedentarismo, tabaquismo, hábitos alimentarios y predisposición genética, serían responsables. El objetivo fue estimar la prevalencia de factores de riesgo (FR) de ECV en estudiantes de Nutrición.Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo-transversal, en 185 estudiantes, entre 19-30 años. Se midieron peso, talla y circunferencia de cintura (CC). Se interrogó sobre antecedentes familiares de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ECNT), tabaquismo, alcohol y actividad física (AF). Se cuantificó colesterol total (CT), HDL-colesterol (HDL-c), LDL-colesterol (LDL-c), triglicéridos (TG), glucosa, índice de Castelli (IC) y la relación TG/HDL-col. Los datos se analizaron estadísticamente con el programa Minitab 16.Resultados: En la población estudiada (21,9 ± 2,9 años) se halló un 75,7% de antecedentes de ECNT. El 8,1% fumaba, el 56,2% tomaba bebidas alcohólicas y la mitad no realizaba AF. El índice de masa corporal mostró 10,3% de sobrepeso y 2,2% de obesidad, y el riesgo cardiovascular según CC fue 9,7%. El parámetro más alterado fue LDL-c (48,1%). El 21,1% presentó hipercolesterolemia y el 22,2%, HDL-col disminuido. El IC fue 3,43 ± 0,96, cuando se evaluó la cifra de riesgo, el 33,3% de los varones y el 18,8% de las mujeres, la superaba. El 11,4% tuvo TG/HDL-col elevado. Hubo asociación entre CC-TG y CC-TG/HDL-col.Conclusiones: Como la mayoría de los FR cardiovascular son modificables, se sugiere establecer programas de educación alimentaria nutricional y promoción de estilos de vida saludable.
La doctrina del “margen de apreciación nacional” y la Administración Pública: horizontes y limitaciones del control de convencionalidad
Authors: Gatti Franco
Published: December 2018

El control de convencionalidad, como práctica para salvaguardar la vigencia empírica de los instrumentos internacionales sobre derechos humanos, ha experimentado desarrollos valiosos, con amplia recepción en el ordenamiento jurídico doméstico. Sin embargo, la advertencia crítica de los límites de este test, al que están compelidos todos los órganos estatales, reclama atención en el universo académico. El denominado “margen de apreciación nacional” fue expuesto como un criterio en virtud del cual los Estados pueden delinear interpretaciones disímiles a las resultantes de la praxis de los tribunales internacionales, en la medida en que se trate de tópicos controvertidos y permisivos de miradas plurales. Independientemente de la resistencia generada, se trata de un instituto de interesante aplicación cuando la realidad a la que se enfrentan las autoridades estatales halla insuficientes las respuestas aparentemente uniformes de la hermenéutica internacional. En efecto, a partir del estudio de antecedentes jurisprudenciales, y de las contribuciones doctrinarias, se advierte la posibilidad de conciliar las particulares características de la función administrativa con el margen de apreciación nacional, como oportunidad para que el control de convencionalidad no imponga sin cortapisas criterios elaborados con lejanía de las necesidades locales y sea proclive a recoger la idiosincrasia de los Estados.
Políticas públicas de ações afirmativas: igualdade, solidariedade, alteridade – limites
Authors: Ferrari Regina Maria Macedo Nery
Published: December 2018

Na busca pela concretização de direitos fundamentais, tem sido crescente a adoção de políticas públicas de ações afirmativas, a exemplo das cotas raciais e socioeconômicas no ensino superior e nos concursos públicos. O presente artigo visa tratar do tema das ações afirmativas nos planos da igualdade formal, material e substancial, buscando assim estabelecer quais os limites para sua implementação.
El cometido social del derecho urbano
Authors: Taller Adriana
Published: December 2018

Las ideas expuestas en este trabajo tienen por objeto reflexionar sobre el cometido, la incumbencia, o en términos de la Real Academia Española la obligación moral del derecho urbano de regular el ordenamiento de la ciudad procurando su desarrollo equilibrado, sustentable y en equidad, evitando la marginalidad, la segregación y la exclusión. Para ello las autoridades deben evitar que la urbanización sea una expresión territorial de un orden urbanístico excluyente y predatorio. El ejercicio regular de la potestad de planeamiento debe promover el derecho a la urbanización, como un derecho de incidencia colectiva, corolario del derecho al hábitat digno, consisten en la satisfacción progresiva de las necesidades urbanas y habitacionales de las personas de la ciudad, especialmente de quienes no logran resolverlas con recursos propios. En los  procesos de urbanización deben tender a satisfacer de manera progresiva el derecho a  vivir dignamente en suelo servido o urbanizado, como corolario del respeto por parte de las autoridades públicas del derecho humano a la ciudad, consistente en el uso y goce de estas dentro de los principios de sostenibilidad, democracia, equidad y justicia social, y de la observancia de principios rectores como la función social de la propiedad, la gestión democrática de la ciudad y del acceso al suelo.
Gestión asociada de funciones y servicios, uniones y fusiones de los Municipios. Evolución de las instituciones
Authors: Ferrari Giuseppe Franco
Published: December 2018

El presente artículo discute acerca de las formas de colaboración entre los entes locales, para la ejecución de servicios y funciones. Analiza las maneras de asociación obligatorias, así también, como los problemas constitucionales frente a tal obligatoriedad. Por último, se dan ejemplos de algunas de las fusiones de disciplina regional.
A participação social no planejamento das políticas públicas urbanas
Authors: Melo de Casimiro Ligia Maria Silva
Published: December 2018

O artigo se propõe a ressaltar a importância da participação social na atividade de planejamento de políticas públicas urbanas, como forma de promoção de uma gestão democrática das cidades.
Cardiovascular safety of febuxostat. Analysis of the CARES study
Authors: Eliseev M. S.
Published: December 2018

Gout is associated with the high frequency of comorbidities, among which there are cardiovascular disease and kidney diseases. In this case, cardiovascular mortality rates are in the first place among the causes of death in patients with gout and exceed the death rates in the population. This may be associated with the main signs of gout, such as a high serum uric acid (UA) level and its related chronic inflammation. Drug correction of hyperuricemia is the mainstay of gout therapy and it is supposed to be able to neutralize the negative effect of UA on the risk of its associated adverse events. Xanthine oxidase inhibitors (allopurinol and febuxostat) are first-line urate-lowering agents. Their effect on UA levels, comorbidities, long-term outcomes (including overall and cardiovascular mortality, development and progression of chronic kidney disease), and occurrence of adverse reactions is studied in large-scale studies, the results of which may affect the strategy of such therapy.The paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the CARES (Gout and Cardiovascular Morbidities) study that has compared the cardiovascular safety of allopurinol and febuxostat. The findings suggest that there is no substantial difference in the frequency of cardiovascular events with febuxostat and allopurinol, but at the same time these demonstrate a high risk for cardiovascular and overall mortality in the febuxostat group. Analysis of this paper cannot conclude that there is a greater cardiovascular risk with therapy with febuxostat; however, it shows that when compared with allopurinol, this risk may be higher. A more detailed study of this issue is required after obtaining the results of already started and planned investigations comparing the effects of allopurinol and febuxostat on the risk of adverse cardiovascular events in patients with asymptomatic hyperuricemia.
Treatment of patients with osteoporosis: issues of therapy duration, adherence, and replacement
Authors: Toroptsova N. V.
Published: December 2018

Osteoporosis is a chronic disease requiring long-term treatment aimed at reducing the risk of low-energy fractures, by improving the quality and strength of bones when taking this or that drug. Bisphosphonates (BPs) are deposited in the bone, so that they have an aftereffect. Due to the increased risk of adverse reactions with BPs, the author considers that the patients may take a drug holiday or be switched to alternative therapy. Denosumab may be used continuously for years and, unlike BPs, does not require discontinuation. It is effective in both untreated and already BP-treated patients. At the same time, when the treatment is discontinued, the effect of denosumab is reversible; therefore, oral BP or intravenous zoledronic acid is recommended to maintain the achieved effect.
Nighttime sleep disorders in patients with daytime sleepiness in Parkinson s disease
Authors: Nodel M. R. , Shevtsova K. V. , Kovrov G. V. , Yakhno N. N.
Published: December 2018

Daytime sleepiness is one of the clinically significant non-motor manifestations of Parkinson's disease (PD). One of its insufficiently studied aspects is a relationship between daytime sleepiness and nighttime sleep disorders.

Objective:to clarify the clinical characteristics of PD in patients with different types of daytime sleepiness and to estimate of the ratio of daytime sleepiness to clinical and polysomnographic characteristics of nighttime sleep in patients with advanced stages of PD.

Patients and methods. The investigation included 110 patients (56 men and 54 women) (mean age, 63.78+0.6 years) with PD (Hoehn and Yahr stage 2.6+0.2; disease duration, 6.3+3.2 years) without dementia. All the patients received therapy with levodopa at a mean daily dose of 667.8 mg; 98 of them had the drug in combination with dopamine receptor agonists at a stable dose. The unified PD rating scale, the PD sleep scale (PDSS), and the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) were applied. Nocturnal polysomnography (PSG) and the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) were performed.

Results and discussion. There was daytime sleepiness in 44% of the patients: permanent sleepiness in 15%, sudden daytime sleep attacks (along with low daytime sleepiness (ESS) in 14%, and permanent drowsiness concurrent with sleep attacks in 15%. The PSG findings showed a decrease in sleep efficiency, an increase in the duration of the first stage of sleep, a reduction in the duration of the second and third sleep stages, an extension of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep latency, and frequent awakenings (sleep fragmentation). PSG also demonstrated REM sleep behavior disorders (RBD) in half of the examinees.

Patients with sleep attacks differed from those with permanent drowsiness without sleep attacks with more severe sleep disorders (PDSS) and shorter sleep latency (MSLT). Patients with the RBD phenomenon had shorter sleep latency (MTLS) than those without this parasomnia. Patients with moderate or severe sleepiness (ESS scores of >10) differed from those with milder drowsiness (ESS scores of 410) and a lower representation of the third sleep stage.

Conclusion.There is evidence for the association of daytime sleepiness in PD with reduced efficiency, changes in the nighttime sleep pattern, and RBD.
Influence of emotional status and quality of life in patients with cervical disc herniation on the accuracy of topical diagnosis
Authors: Chekhonatsky A. A. , Nikolenko V. N. , Sholomov I. I. , Chekhonatsky V. A. , Gridin L. A.
Published: December 2018

What factors negatively influence the accuracy of topical diagnosis of spinal nerve root lesion during neurological examination has not been solved until now.

Objective:to identify the nature of the relationship between the accuracy of topical diagnosis of spinal nerve lesion from neurological symptoms in patients with cervical disk herniation and the peculiarities of their emotional status and quality of life.

Patients and methods. Forty-eight patients with cervical disc herniation were examined. At first, the level of spinal nerve root lesion established during neurological examination was compared with the results of magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography and surgical intervention. Thereafter, the importance of emotional factors in determining the accuracy of topical diagnosis is studied in these patients.

Results and discussion. If there was a divergence between preliminary neurological and final diagnoses, personality traits, such as hysteria, psy-chasthenia, alexithymia, and trait anxiety were most significant. The most substantial differences were found in the index of alexithymia. The accuracy of topical diagnosis was influenced not only by the psychological profile of patients with cervical disc herniation, but also by their qualty-of-life indicators. These are persons who are anxious and suspicious and are characterized by anxiety, fearfulness, indecision, and constant doubt. They use the symptoms of a somatic disease as a means to avoid responsibility. These patients solve all their problems, by escaping into disease, which causes social maladjustment.

Conclusion.The features of an individual's psychological profile as increased anxiety, hysteria, and psychasthenia reduce the accuracy of topical diagnosis of the lesion by 25.6%. Patients with cervical disk herniation, low quality-of-life indicators, and high scale scores for hypochondria, depression, psychasthenia, and trait anxiety need their emotional status to be corrected.
Validation of the modified Rankin Scale in Russia
Authors: Suponeva N. A. , Yusupova D. G. , Zhirova E. S. , Melchenko D. A. , Taratukhina A. S. , Butkovskaya А. A. , Ilyina K. A. , Zaitsev A. B. , Zimin A. A. , Klochkov A. S. , Lyukmanov R. Kh. , Kalinkina M. E. , Piradov M. А. , Kotov-Smolensky A. M. , Khizhnikova A. E.
Published: December 2018

Objective: to develop a Russian version of the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and to assess its psychometric properties.

Patients and methods. The investigation involved 50 patients (25 women, 25 men) over 18 years of age (mean age, 56 years) with an acute cerebrovascular accident diagnosis. During the validation procedure, the authors carried out the linguocultural ratification of mRS, prepared its Russian-language version, and then assessed its psychometric properties (reliability, sensitivity, validity).

Results and discussion. Translation and linguistic adaptation of mRS was successfully completed. The results obtained in assessing the psychometric properties of the developed Russian version of the scale reflect its high reliability and the valid and reliable indicators of its sensitivity. A statistical study of constructive and content validity also determined the high significance of differences.

Conclusion. The investigation has resulted in the official Russian version of mRS, which is recommended for use by neurologists and rehabilitation specialists in both daily clinical practice and in clinical trials.
The reasons for an unjustified visit by patients with somatoform disorders to general practitioners
Authors: Pogosov A. V. , Laskov V. B. , Bogushevskaya Yu. V.
Published: December 2018

Patients with somatoform disorders (SD) seek specialized psychiatric care late. Although many factors that prevent the timely visits by patients with SD for specialized psychiatric care are known, this problem requires further study.

Objective: to analyze the role of information sources and iatrogenic factors in unreasonably selecting a specialist by patients with SD to visit him/her for primary medical advice.

Patients and methods. Sixty-six women aged 19 to 40 years with new-onset SD (F 45.0) were examined. Two patient groups were identified: a study group of 41 patients (mean age, 31.5+1.2years) and a comparison group of 25 (mean age, 31.6+0.8years) (p>0.5). Primary care physicians had examined and treated the study group patients long (for 1 to 6 years) before their visit to a psychiatrist. The comparison group patients had been seen by a psychiatrist just in the first year of the disease.

Anamnestic, clinical, andpsychopathological methods were used when examining the patients.

Results and discussion. For their first visit, the patients with SD had selected a therapist and a neurologist more frequently and a cardiologist and an endocrinologist somewhat less frequently. This selection was also affected by the specialists' high titles, psychiatric consultation-avoiding behavior, and conversion mechanisms. Acquaintances' advice and Internet information as health information sources contribute to the unjustified revisits by these patients to primary medical specialists for a long time. Iatrogenic mechanisms were found to play a role in forming a false concept of a disease and destructive behavioral strategies leading to the chronization and progression of SD. Patients with SD who are long and ineffectively exposed to numerous diagnostic procedures and ineffective treatment in the primary health care need psychiatric counseling and psychotherapeutic support.

Conclusion. The diagnosis of SD remains ineffective in an outpatient setting. There is a need for an educational program on SD within the continuing health education system.
Chemoreactome analysis of tolperisone, tizanidine, and baclofen molecules: anticholinergic, antispasmodic, and analgesic mechanisms of action
Authors: Torshin I. Yu. , Gromova O. A. , Stakhovskaya L. V. , Semenov V. A.
Published: December 2018

Muscle relaxants are used in the treatment of musculoskeletal pain. The exact molecular mechanisms of action of muscle relaxants are not always clear. Some muscle relaxants show mainly an anticholinergic effect, others have GABAergic one; they differ in accumulation in muscles, central nervous system, and other tissues.

Objective:to carry out a comparative chemoreactome analysis of tolperisone with tizanidine and baclofen, allowing the pharmacological action of each of the molecules to be specified.

Material and methods. The investigators applied a chemoinformational approach, i.e. compared the chemical structure of the studied molecules with the structures of millions of other molecules, for which the molecular and pharmacological properties are known. The analysis is based on the latest machine learning technologies developed within the framework of the theory of combinatorial solvability analysis, the theory of topological and metric approaches to analyzing the features of the so-called big data.

Results and discussion. Tolperisone was most likely to accumulate in the skeletal muscles, adrenal cortex, and hypothalamus. The drug caused a muscle relaxant effect through cholinergic action, practically without affecting adrenergic, dopaminergic, GABAergic neurotransmission. Each of the studied molecules was established to exert dose-dependent antispasmodic and analgesic effects. Tolperisone was shown to have antithrombotic and antiinflammatory effects due to inhibition of the activity of tumor necrosis factor-a and to modulation of the metabolism ofprostaglandins and leukotrienes.

Conclusion.Significant differences were found in the mechanisms of molecular action of tolperisone, tizanidine, and baclofen, which was responsible for differences in the time of onset and duration of action of a muscle relaxant, in the action on CNS or peripheral nervous system neurons, as well as in additionalpleiotropic effects and adverse reactions.
Pharmacogenetics of schizophrenia in real clinical practice: a clinical case
Authors: Nasyrova R. F. , Schnaider N. A. , Mironov K. O. , Shipulin G. A. , Dribnokhodova O. P. , Golosov E. A. , Tolmachev M. Yu. , Andreev B. V. , Kurylev A. A. , Akhmetova L. Sh. , Limankin О. V. , Neznanov N. G.
Published: December 2018

Schizophrenia is a socially significant mental disorder characterized by early onset and high time and financial expenditure on treatment. The basic drugs in these patients are antipsychotics that are highly effective against the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia, but at the same time have a wide range of adverse reactions (ARs). The clinical effect and tolerability of antipsychotics are variable and depend on the characteristics of genetically determined mechanisms (transportation, biotransformation, and elimination).

The paper describes a clinical case of a female patient with schizophrenia who has been noted to be unresponsive to antipsychotic therapy for some years after the onset of the disease. After pharmacogenetic testing, she was found to be homozygous for the nonfunctional allelic variant CYP2D6*4 (1934 G>A, rs3892097), which was the reason for the complete shutdown of isoenzyme 2D6 activity and the development of ARs in the use of initial doses of antipsychotic drugs, as well as for an increase in the severity of ARs with aggravation of psycho-producing symptoms with an even slow titration of the daily dose.
The brain’sglymphatic system:physiological anatomy and clinical perspectives
Authors: Nikolenko V. N. , Oganesyan M. V. , Yakhno N. N. , Orlov E. A. , Porubayeva E. E. , Popova E. Yu.
Published: December 2018

The recently discovered glymphatic system (GS) ensures the efficient clearance of interstitial fluid and soluble compounds from the central nervous system into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which compensates for the lack of conventional lymphatic vessels in the brain parenchyma. This unique anatomical and physiological phenomenon had been unknown until 2012. GS lacks inherent proper vessels Р the current of CSF and interstitial fluid is carried out directly inside the arterial walls (the perivascular pathway) or near the walls of the cerebral arteries and veins (the paravascular pathway). Current biorheological technologies could establish a special role of aquaporin-4 in the filtration of CSF and interstitial fluid. The close link between GS and the CSF circulatory system allows the established views on fluid dynamics within the brain to be reconsidered. The discovery of GS can contribute to our understanding of the pathogenesis of increased intracranial pressure and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as to the elaboration of new therapeutic approaches to their treatment.
Simulation: A complex pedagogical space
Authors: Rooney Donna , Nyström Sofia
Published: December 2018

Simulation is a pedagogy that has been widely used in a number of educational settings (e.g., aviation, transport, social work, nursing education). While it can take numerous forms, it often involves an assortment of high-tech equipment (e.g., flight simulators, manikins) that seek to replicate real settings. Specifically, this paper provides an empirically driven exploration of how simulation laboratories, used in the professional education of nurses, and medical and other health professionals in higher education settings, are practised. Informed by sociomaterial understandings, the paper problematises and disrupts homogeneous understandings of the simulation space as found in much of the health sciences literature. This is done by providing a number of layers ranging from accounts of simulation in literature and empirically driven accounts of simulation in action through to more abstract discussion. The paper is attentive to both the distinct materiality of the spaces involved and the human activities the spaces engender. This dual focus enables the consideration of spatial injustices as well as new directions for the development of simulation pedagogies.
Importance of reporting ancillary site characteristics, and management and disturbance information at ICOS stations
Authors: Saunders Matthew , Dengel Sigrid , Kolari Pasi , Moureaux Christine , Montagnani Leonardo , Ceschia Eric , Altimir Nuria , López-Ballesteros Ana , Marańon-Jimenez Sara , Acosta Manuel , Klumpp Katja , Gielen Bert , de Beeck Maarten Op , Hörtnagl Lukas , Merbold Lutz , Osborne Bruce , Grünwald Thomas , Arrouays Dominique , Boukir Hakima , Saby Nicolas , Nicolini Giacomo , Papale Dario , Jones Michael
Published: December 2018

There are many factors that influence ecosystem scale carbon, nitrogen and greenhouse gas dynamics, including the inherent heterogeneity of soils and vegetation, anthropogenic management interventions, and biotic and abiotic disturbance events. It is important therefore, to document the characteristics of the soils and vegetation and to accurately report all management activities, and disturbance events to aid the interpretation of collected data, and to determine whether the ecosystem either amplifies or mitigates climate change. This paper outlines the importance of assessing both the spatial and temporal variability of soils and vegetation and to report all management events, the import or export of C or N from the ecosystem, and the occurrence of biotic/abiotic disturbances at ecosystem stations of the Integrated Carbon Observation System, a pan-European research infrastructure.
Eddy covariance raw data processing for CO2 and energy fluxes calculation at ICOS ecosystem stations
Authors: Sabbatini Simone , Mammarella Ivan , Arriga Nicola , Fratini Gerardo , Graf Alexander , Hörtnagl Lukas , Ibrom Andreas , Longdoz Bernard , Mauder Matthias , Merbold Lutz , Metzger Stefan , Montagnani Leonardo , Pitacco Andrea , Rebmann Corinna , Sedlák Pavel , Šigut Ladislav , Vitale Domenico , Papale Dario
Published: December 2018

The eddy covariance is a powerful technique to estimate the surface-atmosphere exchange of different scalars at the ecosystem scale. The EC method is central to the ecosystem component of the Integrated Carbon Observation System, a monitoring network for greenhouse gases across the European Continent. The data processing sequence applied to the collected raw data is complex, and multiple robust options for the different steps are often available. For Integrated Carbon Observation System and similar networks, the standardisation of methods is essential to avoid methodological biases and improve comparability of the results. We introduce here the steps of the processing chain applied to the eddy covariance data of Integrated Carbon Observation System stations for the estimation of final CO2, water and energy fluxes, including the calculation of their uncertainties. The selected methods are discussed against valid alternative options in terms of suitability and respective drawbacks and advantages. The main challenge is to warrant standardised processing for all stations in spite of the large differences in e.g. ecosystem traits and site conditions. The main achievement of the Integrated Carbon Observation System eddy covariance data processing is making CO2 and energy flux results as comparable and reliable as possible, given the current micrometeorological understanding and the generally accepted state-of-the-art processing methods.
Standardisation of chamber technique for CO2, N2O and CH4 fluxes measurements from terrestrial ecosystems
Authors: Pavelka Marian , Acosta Manuel , Kiese Ralf , Altimir Núria , Brümmer Christian , Crill Patrick , Darenova Eva , Fuß Roland , Gielen Bert , Graf Alexander , Klemedtsson Leif , Lohila Annalea , Longdoz Bernhard , Lindroth Anders , Nilsson Mats , Jiménez Sara Maraňón , Merbold Lutz , Montagnani Leonardo , Peichl Matthias , Pihlatie Mari , Pumpanen Jukka , Ortiz Penelope Serrano , Silvennoinen Hanna , Skiba Ute , Vestin Patrik , Weslien Per , Janous Dalibor , Kutsch Werner
Published: December 2018

Chamber measurements of trace gas fluxes between the land surface and the atmosphere have been conducted for almost a century. Different chamber techniques, including static and dynamic, have been used with varying degrees of success in estimating greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, N2O) fluxes. However, all of these have certain disadvantages which have either prevented them from providing an adequate estimate of greenhouse gas exchange or restricted them to be used under limited conditions. Generally, chamber methods are relatively low in cost and simple to operate. In combination with the appropriate sample allocations, chamber methods are adaptable for a wide variety of studies from local to global spatial scales, and they are particularly well suited for in situ and laboratory-based studies. Consequently, chamber measurements will play an important role in the portfolio of the Pan-European long-term research infrastructure Integrated Carbon Observation System. The respective working group of the Integrated Carbon Observation System Ecosystem Monitoring Station Assembly has decided to ascertain standards and quality checks for automated and manual chamber systems instead of defining one or several standard systems provided by commercial manufacturers in order to define minimum requirements for chamber measurements. The defined requirements and recommendations related to chamber measurements are described here.
Assimilating phenology datasets automatically across ICOS ecosystem stations
Authors: Hufkens Koen , Filippa Gianluca , Cremonese Edoardo , Migliavacca Mirco , D’Odorico Petra , Peichl Matthias , Gielen Bert , Hörtnagl Lukas , Soudani Kamel , Papale Dario , Rebmann Corinna , Brown Tim , Wingate Lisa
Published: December 2018

The presence or absence of leaves within plant canopies exert a strong influence on the carbon, water and energy balance of ecosystems. Identifying key changes in the timing of leaf elongation and senescence during the year can help to understand the sensitivity of different plant functional types to changes in temperature. When recorded over many years these data can provide information on the response of ecosystems to long-term changes in climate. The installation of digital cameras that take images at regular intervals of plant canopies across the Integrated Carbon Observation System ecosystem stations will provide a reliable and important record of variations in canopy state, colour and the timing of key phenological events. Here, we detail the procedure for the implementation of cameras on Integrated Carbon Observation System flux towers and how these images will help us understand the impact of leaf phenology and ecosystem function, distinguish changes in canopy structure from leaf physiology and at larger scales will assist in the validation of (future) remote sensing products. These data will help us improve the representation of phenological responses to climatic variability across Integrated Carbon Observation System stations and the terrestrial biosphere through the improvement of model algorithms and the provision of validation datasets.