bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Previous Land Use Affects the Recovery of Soil Hydraulic Properties after Forest Restoration
Authors: Lozano-Baez Sergio , Cooper Miguel , Ferraz Silvio , Ribeiro Rodrigues Ricardo , Pirastru Mario , Di Prima Simone
Published: April 2018

Knowledge of soil hydraulic properties after forest restoration is essential for understanding the recovery of hydrological processes, such as water infiltration. An increase of forest cover may improve water infiltration and soil hydraulic properties, but little is known about the response and extent to which forest restoration can affect these properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of forest restoration on surface-saturated soil hydraulic conductivity (Ks), and to verify the Ks recovery to the pre-disturbance soil conditions. We sampled field Ks at the surface in Campinas municipality, São Paulo State, Brazil, at 18 plots under three land-cover types: (i) a pasture; (ii) a restored forest using a high-diversity mix of plantings (85 regional native species) of 9 years of age; and (iii) a remnant forest patch. We used the Beerkan method for soil hydraulic characterization. Bulk density (ρb), soil organic carbon content (OC), soil porosity and particle size data were also sampled. We found considerable differences in soil hydraulic properties between land-cover classes. The highest Ks were observed in remnant forest sites and the lowest Ks were associated with pasture sites. The Ks recovery differs markedly between restored forests. Our results strongly suggest that soil attributes and Ks recovery are influenced by the duration and intensity of land use prior to forest restoration. Attention needs to be given to management activities before, during and after forest restoration, especially where the soil is still compacted and Ks is low.
Flow Characteristics in the Wake Region of a Finite-Length Vegetation Patch in a Partly Vegetated Channel
Authors: Yılmazer Didem , Ozan Ayşe , Cihan Kubilay
Published: April 2018

Aquatic vegetation in rivers and coastal regions controls the flow structure in terms of mean velocity and turbulence. The vegetation in the flow affects the transportation of nutrients, microbes, dissolved oxygen, sediment, and contaminants; therefore, the flow characteristics of different types of vegetation layers should be examined in order to understand the effects of vegetation on the flow structure. In this paper, the effect of the submergence ratio and SVF (Solid Volume of Fraction) of a vegetation patch, which was present across half of the channel in a spanwise direction, on the flow structure at the wake region was examined. For this purpose, different submergence ratios with different SVFs were considered in the experiments, and velocity measurements were performed in the wake region of the vegetation layer with an Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV). According to the results, the effect of different vegetation heights and SVFs on the velocity distribution was obtained. Moreover, inflectional velocity distribution over the cross-section in the wake region of the vegetation layer was obtained, and it was concluded that jet flow occurred in the non-vegetated half of the channel due to the vegetation layer.
Quelle génétique pour les correspondances ?
Authors: Diaz José-Luis
Published: April 2018

Rares ont été à ce jour les études générales portant sur un tel sujet. Cet article s'efforce de baliser un terrain encore peu exploré, malgré sa richesse prometteuse. Il passe en revue les trois principaux champs de recherche qui s'offrent. D'abord, le mieux connu et le plus étudié par les généticiens : celui de ces correspondances d'écrivains qui participent à l'exogenèse d'une œuvre littéraire. Puis, la question plus générale de la genèse des lettres autographes. Enfin, la «génétique de l'imprimé» qu'il convient d'établir pour rendre compte des éditions de correspondances, dont on rappelle ici les pratiques anciennes. A titre d'épilogue, une quatrième et dernière partie évoque, à propos des éditions de correspondances au XIXe siècle, les idées qui avaient cours sur l'intérêt des études de genèse et sur le respect des brouillons : invite pour la génétique moderne à repenser son histoire, celle des pratiques mais aussi celle des opinions en la matière. Et c'est une constante de toute cette étude que de s'intéresser aussi bien aux usages de conservation et d'édition des correspondances qu'aux idéologies qui les fondent (en particulier celle de la «lettre sans brouillon»)...
Le calque et l'écran. « Genèse architecturale et nouveaux médias ». Entretien
Authors: Montès Fernando , Biasi Pierre-Marc de
Published: April 2018

L'irruption des nouvelles technologies dans les agences a bouleversé les conditions de la création architecturale : la couche virtuelle et le logiciel graphique se sont substitués au papier calque et au crayon, les écrans ont remplacé les tables à dessin et l'archivage des plans est devenu numérique en divisant par deux l'espace de l'agence ; les relations entre conception, écriture et dessin se sont redéfinies, l'espace de la représentation s'est concentré sur la taille de l'écran et les formats standardisés des imprimantes, mais la lente mise au net des documents n'a disparu qu'au profit d'une lourde saisie des données, les machines induisent des risques d'automatismes, etc. Vitesse de travail, procédures de réflexion et techniques de projet se transforment. Les anciens supports (maquettes, carnets de croquis, calque) gardent une place réduite mais décisive dans le processus de conception.
Catherine Pozzi, le Journal comme laboratoire de l'œuvre
Authors: Simonet-Tenant Françoise
Published: April 2018

Le Journal de Catherine Pozzi (1882-1934) des années 1929-1932 présente la spécificité d'enclore à la fois une écriture intime et un journal de travail qui abrite la genèse d'un traité à visée philosophique sur la sensation, intitulé Peau d'âme, texte inclassable qui exige une nécessaire réflexion générique. L'article analyse la coexistence au sein d'un même support de deux pratiques d'écriture différentes -écriture journalière au sens strict et écriture spéculative, désireuse d'échapper aux pesanteurs circonstancielles et personnelles -et les choix énonciatifs correspondants. Nous nous attachons particulièrement à la mise en scène dans le Journal de la gestation voire de la préhistoire de l'œuvre spéculative ainsi qu'à l'étude dans l'avant-texte de Peau d'âme de l'intertexte et, plus précisément, de l'intertexte gidien : Catherine Pozzi a en effet l'ambition de faire de Peau d'âme une réplique critique aux Nourritures terrestres. Cette étude conduit enfin à poser le problème de la difficile transformation en livre d'un journal hybride qui est à la fois un texte et un avant-texte.
Le sanctuaire d'Apollon à Claros : place et fonction des dieux d'après leurs images
Authors: Dewailly Martine
Published: April 2018

Les fouilles récentes du sanctuaire d’Apollon à Claros ont restitué une grande quantité de statuettes votives de terre cuite qui témoigne d’une intense activité cultuelle à partir du VIIIe siècle av. J.-C. Les seules statues cultuelles en pierre représentant les divinités vénérées dans le sanctuaire sont celles qui composent la triade monumentale : Apollon assis, Léto et Artémis debout, la mère à sa gauche, la soeur à sa droite. Apollon est la divinité principale ; l’attestation la plus ancienne de sa fonction oraculaire date de l’époque d’Alexandre. Le culte d’Artémis est attesté également dès les débuts du sanctuaire mais il n’y a encore aucun témoignage d’un culte voué à Léto. Les premières figurines en terre cuite offertes à Apollon figurent surtout des bovidés et représentent sans doute un aspect du culte d’Apollon ; par la suite, les statuettes représentent un jeune homme tenant un barbiton, une lyre ou une cithare. L’offre de ces figurines est cohérente avec l’image du dieu mais ne s’accorde pas avec sa fonction oraculaire. Les statuettes féminines en terre cuite offertes à Artémis sont extrêmement variées et ne se référent pas spécialement à cette divinité : les mêmes images se retrouvent dans presque tous les sanctuaires de divinités féminines. Enfin on soulignera que la position de Léto et d’Artémis dans le groupe statuaire du IIe siècle av. J.-C., telle qu’elle a été restituée selon la monnaie impériale de Caracalla, est intervertie par rapport à la localisation géographique des espaces consacrés à ces deux divinités. Lorsque le fidèle voyait le groupe statuaire dans la cella du temple d’Apollon, Artémis était à gauche, au sud, et Léto à droite, au nord, alors que l’on sait que l’espace consacré à Artémis se trouvait quant à lui au nord du temple d’Apollon.
Le lieu en histoire des sciences : hypothèses pour une approche spatiale du savoir géographique au XVIe siècle
Authors: Besse Jean-Marc
Published: April 2018

L’intérêt de l’histoire des sciences pour les problématiques géographiques est récent. Parler de la production, de la circulation, de la diffusion de la science en termes de lieu et d’espace contredit en effet la représentation usuelle, «platonicienne » , qui en est donnée. L’article, programmatique, se propose d’explorer les perspectives d’une «géo-histoire » des sciences, d’une part en prenant pour appui, réflexivement, le cas du savoir géographique aux XVIe et XVIIe siècles, et d’autre part en concentrant les remarques sur la ou les places occupées par le lieu «Rome » dans les configurations spatiales de la production et de la diffusion des savoirs géographiques. Trois niveaux sont successivement explorés : l’organisation matérielle des espaces du savoir géographique, les trajectoires de ce savoir et les schèmes intellectuels mis en oeuvre dans sa production et sa mise en forme.
Les interventions du peuple dans les cités d’Étrurie et d’Ombrie à l’époque impériale
Authors: Berrendonner Clara
Published: April 2018

Si la tradition historiographique fondée par W. Liebenam pose que les assemblées populaires locales ne jouèrent plus aucun rôle à l’époque impériale, S. Mrozek (Die städtischen Unterschichten Italiens in der Inschriften der römischen Kaiserzeit, Varsovie-Cracovie, 1990) souligne, lui, que l’épigraphie des régions VI et VII fait état d’un nombre particulièrement élevé d’interventions du peuple dans la vie civique. Cet usage épigraphique s’explique de trois manières. D’une part, les comices locaux continuèrent à voter des honneurs et à valider les dépenses publiques. En outre, l’évocation du peuple était indispensable à la mise en scène du consensus civique. Enfin, l’évolution institutionnelle de l’époque impériale transforma les modalités de la participation politique.
Séparer ou périr : conception et pratique du couloir réservé à Paris (1960-1975)
Authors: Passalacqua Arnaud
Published: April 2018

Pour faire face aux difficultés rencontrées par le réseau d’autobus parisien, notamment provoquées par l’augmentation de la congestion automobile, les pouvoirs publics, après diverses tentatives, ont adopté le couloir réservé à la circulation des autobus à partir du milieu des années 1960. Le succès de ce dispositif focalisa dès lors les sphères techniques et politiques qui le généralisèrent. Mais cet objet nouveau s’avère plus complexe qu’il n’y paraît. Concrétisant la priorité donnée aux transports en commun, il fut très rapidement ouvert aux taxis et ne permit finalement que de stabiliser la vitesse commerciale des autobus, non de l’améliorer. L’intérêt du couloir semble donc résider dans sa capacité à susciter le débat autour d’un mode quasi-oublié médiatiquement et à donner à l’autobus une infrastructure, dans un monde des transports publics dominé par la logique ferrée. l’augmentation de la congestion automobile, les pouvoirs publics, après diverses tentatives, ont adopté le couloir réservé à la circulation des autobus à partir du milieu des années 1960. Le succès de ce dispositif focalisa dès lors les sphères techniques et politiques qui le généralisèrent. Mais cet objet nouveau s’avère plus complexe qu’il n’y paraît. Concrétisant la priorité donnée aux transports en commun, il fut très rapidement ouvert aux taxis et ne permit finalement que de stabiliser la vitesse commerciale des autobus, non de l’améliorer. L’intérêt du couloir semble donc résider dans sa capacité à susciter le débat autour d’un mode quasi-oublié médiatiquement et à donner à l’autobus une infrastructure, dans un monde des transports publics dominé par la logique ferrée.
I dubbi sul sacramento del matrimonio e la questione dei matrimoni misti nella casistica delle congregazioni romane (secc. XVI-XVIII)
Authors: Scaramella Pierroberto
Published: April 2018

All’inizio del XVII secolo a gestire le questioni matrimoniali miste, e a dirimerne i dubia che incessantemente arrivavano da quelle regioni dove, di fatto, convivevano cattolici e protestanti, vennero a trovarsi ben tre Congregazioni, quella del Sant’Ufficio, quella del Concilio e quella De Propaganda Fide. Accanto ad esse, la preminenza giurisdizionale veniva arrogata sovente dal potere vescovile.

Scopo del presente lavoro è quello di seguire l’iter degli atti giurisdizionali attraverso i quali, a partire dai presupposti teologici e dalle decisioni che ne scaturivano, si risolvevano i dubbi che provenivano da regioni dalla politica religiosa incerta per la Chiesa, o sostanzialmente ostile. Si tratta di un punto di osservazione ottimale per comprendere le logiche corali del cattolicesimo postridentino, ma anche le sue incessanti lacerazioni interne, le ricomposizioni, sino all’idea che il giudizio pratico nasca non su presupposti teorici, ma de agendo, utilizzando cioè i principi diplomatici dell’utilità pratica.

La storia dei matrimoni misti è ancora un prolungamento della storia della Riforma protestante e dello scontro con le comunità religiose da essa scaturite. È proprio in materia matrimoniale, segnatamente in quelle regioni a confessione religiosa mista, che si riflettono non soltanto le ansie che scaturivano dal contatto con gli «eretici» e con i loro fautori, ma anche la riflessione teologica e politica sulla realtà non soltanto sacramentale, ma anche contrattuale del matrimonio, ed offre tutto il senso delle unioni cristiane tipico dell’epoca pretridentina. La storia dei matrimoni misti è ancora un prolungamento della storia della Riforma protestante e dello scontro con le comunità religiose da essa scaturite. È proprio in materia matrimoniale, segnatamente in quelle regioni a confessione religiosa mista, che si riflettono non soltanto le ansie che scaturivano dal contatto con gli «eretici » e con i loro fautori, ma anche la riflessione teologica e politica sulla realtà non soltanto sacramentale, ma anche contrattuale del matrimonio, ed offre tutto il senso delle unioni cristiane tipico dell’epoca pretridentina.
Perspectives for a Sociology of the Telephone
Authors: Flichy Patrice
Published: April 2018

Sociological literature about the telephone is far less abundant than that devoted to the press or television but is, nevertheless, fairly varied. It is as though different strands of sociology had successively studied this everyday object, almost by chance and often without any systematic investigation. This paper reviews these different approaches and then identifies those which the author considers to be the most promising for developing a true sociology of the telephone.
La tradition juive confrontée à la modernité politique : l'exemple des rabbins français au XIXe siècle
Authors: Chouraqui Jean-Marc
Published: April 2018

For Judaism, the first political event ofthe century, following the emancipation of 1791, was the convening of the Grand Sanhedrin and the setting-up ofthe consistory, ordered by the imperial decrees of 1806, 1807 and 1808. These measures aimed to ensure control of the Jewish community and hasten its assimilation. This contribution studies this forced confrontation of Jewish tradition with modernity. The interpretation of Jewish law (the halakha) had to devise, without repudiating its beliefs, a new relationship with the authority of the State. On that depended the Jewish identity and perhaps the survival of French Judaism. The author sheds light on the difficult and courageous role the rabbis played in the face of secular powers, in the consistories, and their strategy for managing a crisis that induced the Jewish religion to make a perilous emotional and political investment in what was soon to become the patriotic cuit of the State - with its inevitable threat of de-Judaisation - and takes care to outline the long-term effects of these transformations.
Samuel Cahen entre Lumières et science du judaïsme
Authors: Simon-Nahum Perrine
Published: April 2018

Dans l'histoire du judaïsme français les années 1810-1840 sont souvent interprétées dans le sillage de la Révolution française et de l'idéologie de la régénération. La biographie et la carrière de Samuel Cahen (1796-1862) traducteur de la Bible en français et fondateur des Archives Israélites de France et du cercle de collaborateurs qui l'entourèrent montre que le judaïsme français vécut en réalité à l'époque des inflexions importantes. Postérieures aux Lumières juives françaises qui s'épanouirent dans la communauté de Metz et antérieures au projet de la science du judaïsme, venue d'Allemagne, l'ouvre et l'action de S. Cahen furent l'occasion de concevoir la religion comme fonction sociale et de définir le judaïsme comme une véritable théorie politique.
La synagogue de la rue Notre-Dame de Nazareth, lieu de construction d 'une culture juive parisienne et d 'un regard sur les Juifs
Authors: Jarrassé Dominique
Published: April 2018

Dans la France du XIXe siècle où l'expression d'une identité différente ne peut passer que par le cadre confessionnel, la synagogue devient non seulement le lieu de culte central d'une communauté elle-même institutionnellement centralisée, mais aussi l'espace privilégié d'élaboration d'une culture de synthèse entre valeurs traditionnelles juives et impératifs modernes liés à la francisation. Le lieu le plus représentatif de ces mutations est la synagogue consistoriale de la rue Notre-Dame de Nazareth, bâtie en 1822 et reconstruite en 1852. Cette reconstruction est l'occasion d'un débat architectural sur le modèle à suivre et le style adopter, en relation avec cette redéfinition de l'identité juive, devenue «israélite».
Le mot «Juif» et le mot de « Juif» à l'étrange réfraction des dictionnaires (1762-1900)
Authors: Saint-Gérand Jacques-Philippe
Published: April 2018

This paper offers a free wandering in the columns and pages of french dictionaries, especially those of the beginning of XIXth century. This wandering is constraint by historical conditions : the history itself of the notion, on one hand, and, on the other hand, the semiotical pressure of the present uses of the notion and of the word that inflates the linguistic sign. No surprise in this respect if Juif is, at this time (1798-1890) a kind of hologram of the ideologies and behaviours of the language users and discourse makers, of which one of the main feature may be its capacity to reflect the inconsistency of a critical thinking of this notion.
La Juive de Scribe et Halévy (1835). Un opéra juif ?
Authors: Bara Olivier
Published: April 2018

Peut-on parler, à propos de La Juive, opéra créé le 23 février 1835 d'événement juif ? L'ouvrage, sur un livret de Scribe, appartient d'abord au genre du grand opéra historique. La condamnation des fanatismes religieux révèle un substrat idéologique d'inspiration «juste milieu» et de filiation voltairienne, au moment où la Monarchie de Juillet vient de parachever l'émancipation des Juifs de France. La réception critique montre néanmoins les ambiguïtés de l'opéra, dont la représentation du Juif n'échappe pas au stéréotype. L'œuvre s'enrichit toutefois d'une implication personnelle d'Halévy dans un sujet qui le confrontait à sa propre identité de fils de Juif allemand émigré. La Juive, comme le Journal du jeune Halévy, manifeste une tension entre l'affirmation d'une altérité et la revendication d'une parfaite intégration
La marge, l'exemple et l'exception. Le parcours d'Élisa Félix dite Mademoiselle Rachel
Authors: Hoog Anne Hélène
Published: April 2018

The life of the great tragedian of the Comédie-Française, Élisa Félix (1821-1858), who became famous as Rachel, illustrates the acculturation and the social rise of the Jews in Nineteenth Century France. Provided her biographs did not use it against her, Rachel' s Jewishness has rather been held for a minor piece of information. By confronting the legend to the social reality, it appears that both her doubly marginal condition, as a Jewess and as an actress, and the expectation of exemplarity played a major part in the forming of her status as an exception in the midst of French society.
Ernest Renan. Vers une philosophie du « Juif moderne »
Authors: Rétat Laudyce
Published: April 2018

Renan gives significance to modem history through biblical Israel, he perceives the socialists through the prophets and the free-thinkers through the Ecclesiast. The emancipation of Jews in France (in 1790-1791) was a great victory of Right, and the resuit of a movement initiated by the prophets and their pursuit of justice. Renan considers Israel as a people, not as a nation, he cheers assimilation : one cannot be at the same time a prophet and a patriot. Will the France initiated by 1789 become the Israel of democracy and socialism ? Will it vanish as a nation to embody a "spirit" ? The modem Jew, defined not by his establishment but by his contribution to civilization, is the witness of a free thinking which shakes ail absolutes and, without denying the existence of God, removes him ever farther away.
Alexandre Dumas, le général Thiébault et les juifs
Authors: Méchoulan Henry
Published: April 2018

Dans La San Felice, Dumas met en scène avec une sympathie exempte de préjugés et de stéréotypes plusieurs personnages juifs et dénonce vigoureusement l'antisémitisme en décrivant le sac du ghetto de Rome. À Dumas, ami des juifs, l'auteur de cet article oppose la figure du général d'Empire Thiébault élogieusement nommé dans le même roman, mais dont les Mémoires, ignorées de Dumas, donnent libre cours à un racisme effréné contre les juifs, les noirs... et les comédiens.
Evidence that 50% of BALQSO Outflows Are Situated at Least 100 pc from the Central Source
Authors: Arav Nahum , Liu Guilin , Xu Xinfeng , Stidham James , Benn Chris , Chamberlain Carter
Published: April 2018

The most robust way for determining the distance of quasar absorption outflows is the use of troughs from ionic excited states. The column density ratio between the excited and resonance states yields the outflow number density. Combined with a knowledge of the outflow’s ionization parameter, a distance from the central source (R) can be determined. Here we report results from two surveys targeting outflows that show troughs from S iv. One survey includes 1091 SDSS and BOSS quasar spectra, and the other includes higher-quality spectra of 13 quasars observed with the Very Large Telescope. Our S iv samples include 38 broad absorption line (BAL) outflows and four mini-BAL outflows. The S iv is formed in the same physical region of the outflow as the canonical outflow-identifying species C iv. Our results show that S iv absorption is only detected in 25% of C iv BAL outflows. The smaller detection fraction is due to the higher total column density (N
H) needed to detect S iv absorption. Since R empirically anticorrelates with N
H, the results of these surveys can be extrapolated to C iv quasar outflows with lower N
H as well. We find that at least 50% of quasar outflows are at distances larger than 100 pc from the central source, and at least 12% are at distances larger than 1000 pc. These results have profound implications for the study of the origin and acceleration mechanism of quasar outflows and their effects on the host galaxy.
Gender bias when assessing recommended ecology articles
Authors: Bradshaw Corey J. A. , Courchamp Franck
Published: April 2018

Gender bias is still unfortunately rife in the sciences, and men co-author most articles (> 70%) in ecology. Whether ecologists subconsciously rate the quality of their peers’ work more favourably when they are the same gender (homophily) is still unclear. To test this hypothesis, we examined how ecologist editors ranked important ecology articles based on a previously compiled list where they had first each proposed some articles and then voted on all proposed articles. The proportion of female co-authors on the articles proposed by men were lower (0.06 to 0.09) than those proposed by women (0.13 to 0.27), although the data were highly skewed and most proposed articles (77%) had no female co-authors. For the 100 top-ranked articles voted by women or men only, the gender difference remained: female voters ranked articles in the top 100 that had more female co-authors (0.029 to 0.093 proportion women) than did those voted by men (0.001 to 0.029). Female voters tended to rank articles more highly as the number of male co-authors increased, and the relationship between article rank and proportion of male co-authors was even stronger when only men voted. This effect disappeared after testing only articles that editors declared they had actually read. This could indicate a persistent, subconscious tendency toward homophily when assessing the perceived quality of articles that ecologists have not actually read.
Esquemas urbano-forestales en una «ciudad oasis» de zona árida: Mendoza (Argentina). Influencia sobre el consumo energético residencial
Authors: Ruiz M.ª A. , Correa E. N.
Published: April 2018

La ciudad de Mendoza (Argentina) se caracteriza por un intenso bosque urbano, calificando como una «ciudad oasis» inserta en una zona árida. Sin embargo, la isla de calor generada y sus consecuencias energético-ambientales enfatizan la necesidad de replantear el modo de forestar la ciudad. Por tanto, el objetivo del trabajo es evaluar el efecto de distintos esquemas urbanos-forestales sobre el consumo de energía residencial. Para ello, se monitoreó micro-climáticamente nueve canales viales representativos en invierno y verano y se simuló el comportamiento térmico de un prototipo de vivienda inserto en cada canal vial. Los resultados indican que los diseños urbanos que controlan la radiación solar mediante una adecuada distribución de la sombra y permiten una mejor circulación del viento, minimizan los consumos de energía auxiliar hasta un 30%. Esto permite generar propuestas técnicas factibles de incorporar en códigos urbanos y, como consecuencia, un uso más eficiente del arbolado en alineación.
Ultrafine portland cement performance
Authors: Argiz C. , Reyes E. , Moragues A.
Published: April 2018

By mixing several binder materials and additions with different degrees of fineness, the packing density of the final product may be improved. In this work, ultrafine cement and silica fume mixes were studied to optimize the properties of cement-based materials. This research was performed in mortars made of two types of cement (ultrafine Portland cement and common Portland cement) and two types of silica fume with different particle-size distributions. Two Portland cement replacement ratios of 4% and 10% of silica fume were selected and added by means of a mechanical blending method. The results revealed that the effect of the finer silica fume mixed with the coarse cement enhances the mechanical properties and pore structure refinement at a later age. This improvement is somewhat lower in the case of ultrafine cement with silica fume.
Expression of p53 & epidermal growth factor receptor in glioblastoma
Authors: Karnam Sameera , Kottu Radhika , Chowhan Amit Kumar , Bodepati Prasad Chandramouleswara
Published: April 2018

Background & objectives:

Glioblastoma (GB) is the most frequent brain tumour, manifesting at any age, with a peak incidence between 45 and 75 years. Primary and secondary GBs constitute relatively distinct disease entities in evolution, in expression profiles and in therapeutic response. Histopathologically, primary and secondary GBs are indistinguishable. The aim of this investigation was to study the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of p53 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in GB with the objective of categorizing the morphological variants of GB into primary and secondary based on the presence of low-grade areas and knowing the variable expression of p53 and EGFR in primary and secondary GB.

Methods:

A total of 28 patients with GB were studied and categorized into primary and secondary based on the presence of low-grade areas, i.e. discernible astrocytic morphology, gemistocyte and oligodendroglia. Tumours with the presence of combination of the above features or any one of the above features were taken as secondary GB, whereas tumours with highly pleomorphic areas were considered as primary GB. IHC was done on the representative tissue blocks for p53 and EGFR.

Results:

Majority of the patients were in the fifth and sixth decades of life with a mean age of 46.96±13 yr with male preponderance (male:female 2.5:1). Mean age of presentation was 48.93±12 yr in primary and 44.69±15 yr in secondary GB. All cases of GB were classified into primary (53.57%) and secondary (46.43%) based on morphology. EGFR was more frequently expressed than p53. Based on IHC, 50 per cent of cases were classified into primary, three per cent into secondary and 47 per cent as unclassified.

Interpretation & conclusions:

Histopathological features, i.e. presence of low-grade areas, may play a role in classifying GB into primary and secondary. EGFR has a pivotal role in gliomagenesis. Combination of p53 and EGFR alone may not be sufficient to clarify GB into primary and secondary.
Incidence & prognosis of acute kidney injury in individuals of snakebite in a tertiary care hospital in India
Authors: Pulimaddi Ramulu , Parveda Amruth Rao , Brahmanpally Balkishan , Kalakanda Paul Marx , Ramakrishna K. , Devi Chinnapaka Venkata Ramana
Published: April 2018

Background & objectives:

The snakebites are considered to be an occupational hazard in agriculture workers and the snake handlers, resulting in a considerable morbidity, mortality and economical implications. This study was conducted to determine the incidence, clinical presentation, renal injury and clinical outcome in snakebite victims who developed acute kidney injury (AKI).

Methods:

This hospital-based prospective, observational study was done on 100 cases who were admitted for the management of snakebite and found to develop AKI in a tertiary care hospital at Hyderabad, India. Renal function tests, complete blood picture, urine routine examination, ultrasound examination of abdomen and coagulation profile were done and the prognosis was assessed by noting recovery, mortality, morbidity and/or progress to chronic stage.

Results:

A total of 100 patients with a mean age of 43.80±12.63 yr (range 18-70); 62 males and 38 females were studied. All had bites on lower limbs. A total of 86 patients arrived in the hospital within 24 h, and 14 arrived after 24 h. Oliguria was found in 60, bleeding tendencies in 64, haemodynamic instability noted - tachycardia in 86. Systolic blood pressure (BP) was <120 mm Hg in 68 and BP was not recordable in four patients. Twelve patients were in stage III kidney disease and needed haemodialysis. Of the 100 cases of snakebite-induced acute kidney failure, 86 recovered and six died. On follow up, after six months eight patients developed chronic kidney failure.

Interpretation & conclusions:

A cascade of events tends to occur in severe haemotoxic envenomation such as bleeding disorders, hypotension/circulatory shock, intravascular haemolysis, disseminated intravascular coagulation and acute respiratory disease syndrome (ARDS). The findings of this study showed that early hospitalization, quick antisnake venom administration and adequate supporting care provided promising results.
Carbon Exchange in an Amazon Forest: from Hours to Years
Authors: Hayek Matthew N. , Longo Marcos , Wu Jin , Smith Marielle N. , Restrepo-Coupe Natalia , Tapajós Raphael , da Silva Rodrigo , Fitzjarrald David R. , Carmago Plinio B. , Hutyra Lucy R. , Alves Luciana F. , Daube Bruce , Munger J. William , Wiedemann Kenia T. , Saleska Scott R. , Wofsy Steven C.
Published: April 2018

Abstract. In Amazon forests, the relative contributions of climate, phenology, and disturbance to net ecosystem exchange of carbon (NEE) are not well understood. To partition influences across various timescales, we use a statistical model to represent eddy covariance-derived NEE in an evergreen Eastern Amazon forest as a constant response to changing meteorology and phenology throughout a decade. Our best fit model represented hourly NEE variations as changes due to sunlight, while seasonal variations arose from phenology influencing photosynthesis and from rainfall influencing ecosystem respiration, where phenology was asynchronous with dry season onset. We compared annual model residuals with biometric forest surveys to estimate impacts of drought-disturbance. We found that our simple model represented hourly and monthly variations in NEE well (R2 = 0.81, 0.59 respectively). Our model also simulated annual NEE well, with exception to 2002, the first year of our data record, which contained 1.2 MgC ha−1 of residual net emissions, because photosynthesis was anomalously low. Because a severe drought occurred in 1998, we hypothesized that this drought caused a persistent, multi-year depression of photosynthesis. We did not find evidence to support the common assumption that droughts or disturbances affected this region during 2005 or 2010, nor that the forest phenology was seasonally light- or water-triggered. Our results suggest drought can have lasting impacts on photosynthesis, possibly via partial damage to still-living trees.
Organic carbon characteristics in yedoma and thermokarst deposits
on Baldwin Peninsula, West-Alaska
Authors: Jongejans Loeka L. , Strauss Jens , Lenz Josefine , Peterse Francien , Mangelsdorf Kai , Fuchs Matthias , Grosse Guido
Published: April 2018

Abstract. As Arctic warming continues and permafrost thaws, more soil and sedimentary organic carbon (OC) will be decomposed in northern high latitudes. Still, uncertainties remain in the quantity and quality of OC stored in different deposit types of permafrost landscapes. This study presents OC data from deep permafrost and lake deposits on the Baldwin Peninsula which is located in the southern portion of the continuous permafrost zone in West Alaska. Sediment samples from yedoma and drained thermokarst lake basin (DTLB) deposits as well as thermokarst lake sediments were analyzed for cryostratigraphical and biogeochemical parameters and their lipid biomarker composition to identify the size and quality of belowground OC pools in ice-rich permafrost on Baldwin Peninsula. We provide the first detailed characterization of yedoma deposits on Baldwin Peninsula. We show that three quarters of soil organic carbon in the frozen deposits of the study region (total of 68 Mt) is stored in DTLB deposits (52 Mt) and one quarter in the frozen yedoma deposits (16 Mt). The lake sediments contain a relatively small OC pool (4 Mt), but have the highest volumetric OC content (93 kg/m3) compared to the DTLB (35 kg/m3) and yedoma deposits (8 kg/m3), largely due to differences in the ground ice content. The biomarker analysis indicates that the OC in both yedoma and DTLB deposits is mainly of terrestrial origin. Nevertheless, the relatively high carbon preference index of plant leaf waxes in combination with a lack of degradation trend with depth in the yedoma deposits indicates that OC stored in yedoma is less degraded than that stored in DTLB deposits. This suggests that OC in yedoma has a higher potential for decomposition upon thaw, despite the relatively small size of this pool. These findings highlight the importance of molecular OC analysis for determining the potential future greenhouse gas emissions from thawing permafrost, especially because this area close to the discontinuous permafrost boundary is projected to thaw substantially within the 21st century.
Modelling braided river morphodynamics using a particle travel length framework
Authors: Kasprak Alan , Brasington James , Hafen Konrad , Williams Richard D. , Wheaton Joseph M.
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Numerical models that predict channel evolution are an essential tool for investigating processes that occur over timescales which render field observation intractable. The current generation of morphodynamic models, however, either oversimplify the relevant physical processes, or in the case of more physically-complete CFD based codes, have computational overheads that restrict severely the space-time scope of their application. Here we present a new, open-source, hybrid approach that seeks to reconcile these modelling philosophies. This framework combines steady-state, two-dimensional CFD hydraulics with a rule-based sediment transport algorithm to predict particle mobility and transport paths which are used to route sediment and evolve the bed topography. Data from two contrasting natural braided rivers (Rees, New Zealand and Feshie, United Kingdom) were used for multi-scalar model verification incorporating reach-scale quantitative morphological change budgets and volumetric assessment of different braiding mechanisms. The model was able to simulate eight of ten empirically observed braiding mechanisms from the parameterized bed erosion, transport, and deposition. Representation of bank erosion and bar edge trimming necessitated the inclusion of a lateral channel migration algorithm. Comparisons between simulations based on steady effective discharge versus event hydrographs represented as a series of steady states were found to only marginally increase the predicted volumetric change, with greater deposition offsetting erosion. A decadal-scale simulation indicates that accurate prediction of event-scale scour depth and subsequent deposition present a methodological challenge because the predicted pattern of deposition may never catch up to erosion if a simple path-length distribution is employed, thus resulting in channel over-scouring. It may thus be necessary to augment path length distributions to preferentially deposit material in certain geomorphic units. We anticipate that the model presented here will be used as a modular framework to explore the effect of different process representations, and as a learning tool designed to reveal the relative importance of geomorphic transport processes in rivers at multiple timescales.
Trafficking Twin Terror: Mysterious Madam and Voodoo Victimisation in the Case of Nigeria
Authors: Usman Usman Mika’il , Raja Ariffin Raja Noriza , Othman Azmah Binti Haji
Published: April 2018

The trafficking in human beings has turned out to be a menace that is difficult to eliminate, in spite of the significant policies, organisations, protective, preventable and prosecutable measures in place. Nevertheless, mysterious madam and voodoo victimisation are trafficking twin terror and two critical exploitative phenomena that had persisted and sustained international prostitution. There is little scholarly research which contributed to the said research area. This research utilises a multiple of qualitative research method of semi-structured one on one interviews, written documents, and observations with participants from government officials, nongovernmental organisation representatives and academics who are individuals indirectly or directly involved in trafficking for international prostitution in Nigeria. The study calls on the federal government to commit the village, ward, district heads, community and religious leaders in their respective communities actively.
Long-term monitoring of thinning for silvopastoral purposes in Nothofagus antarctica forests of Tierra del Fuego, Argentina
Authors: Martínez Pastur Guillermo , Soler Rosina , Lencinas María V. , Cellini Juan M. , Peri Pablo L.
Published: April 2018

Aim of the study: To analyse the effectiveness of thinning on tree growth, forest structure and microclimatic variables along seven years after cuttings in a secondary Nothofagus antarctica forest in Southern Patagonia.Area of study: Five hectares of homogeneous stand of secondary forests (54º15’46” SL, 66º59’41” WL) in Tierra del Fuego, Argentina.Material and methods: One control and two thinning levels were established, and forest structure, growth, crown dynamic and microclimate variables in long-term permanent plots were evaluated. Main comparisons were made using multiple ANOVAs.Main results: Intensive thinning in secondary forests allowed to increase tree individual growth rates by doubling the radiation levels at the understory level that enhances the silvopastoral management. These forests showed a desirable resilience to the forest interventions and natural disturbances (e.g. heavy defoliator attack), with a rapid reaction in the canopy cover growth.Research highlights: Monitoring of thinning for silvopastoral management must include easy and cheap measuring variables, e.g. diameter growth as a proxy for timber production objectives and hemispherical photos (crown cover and radiation) as a proxy for pasture production. Long-term monitoring allowed to identify reliable indicators that assist new sustainable management alternatives.
Validation of the intellectual capital scale of nursing services
Authors: Soares-Faria João , Santos-Rodrigues Helena , Araújo Beatriz , Valente Cláudia
Published: April 2018

Objective: Nursing services are considered strategic in the functioning of health organizations, therefore the study of intellectual capital (human capital, structural capital, relational capital of nursing services) in innovation as a contribution to decision policies, practice and research. The main focus is to promote critical thinking on the condition of nursing services in an innovative perspective. This study aims to adapt and validate the psychometric properties of the Questionnaire of Intellectual Capital and Innovative Capacity (already used in business management, automobile) and apply it to the Nursing Services (QICICNS).Methods: A cross-sectional and quantitative study was carried out on a sample of 1,388 Portuguese nurses enrolled in the Nurses’ Order. For the analysis of the psychometric properties of the instrument we used the factorial analysis of main components with varimax rotation of the scale items and the calculation of the Cronbach Alpha coefficient.Results: The QICICNS analysis revealed good internal consistency (global scale = 0.95, constructs between 0.83 and 0.97) and good quality of the items (KMO = 0.95), with four factors being extracted: human capital, relational capital, structural capital and innovation.Conclusions: The positive indices of internal consistency and the sensitivity of this questionnaire show the validity of the reliable and robust data collection instrument in the studied context. Implications for nursing management: QICICNS, due to its multifaceted nature, can be a management tool in the decision making support by nursing managers. The characteristics of each intellectual capital construct may influence the management of services and future investigations.
Nursing management and leadership approaches from the perspective of registered nurses in Portugal
Authors: Fernandes Rita , Araújo Beatriz , Pereira Fátima
Published: April 2018

Background: The leadership role in nursing reflects the complexity and rapid transformations which take place in healthcare. The influences of this catalyst of change are important for nurses’ identity and professional development, as well as for evolving and innovating nursing practices.Objective: This study is part of a larger research project on doctoral Leadership in Nursing, aims to identify nurses’ perceptions regarding their similarities and differences compared to nurses in manager roles, in order to understand and recognise the influences and barriers to leadership in the nursing hierarchy.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study of a qualitative nature, involved the participation of 19 registered nurses (RNs), based on the Zavalloni Ego-Ecological Theory.Results: From the dimension of identification emerged two major themes - the vision of the profession and the competency skills required. The major theme of competency skills includes subthemes of relational, technical/scientific, leadership and management competencies. From the dimension of differentiation emerged two major themes - the vision of the profession and the competency skills. The major theme competency skills included two subthemes - the deficit of relational and management competency skills.Conclusions: Nurse-managers may choose to distance or influence nurses; influence can be achieved through not only a combination of leadership and management competencies but also on the nurse-managers’ evidence-based expertise and relational skills alongside a vision to support team unity in order to create a positive environment which encourages the nurses to be involved in high quality and innovative practices.Implications for nursing management: This study may help to understand the approaches undertaken by leaders in nursing and subsequently enhance their performance. It may also inform future leadership training for nurses.
Deterioration of mechanically ventilated patients in the presence of intra-abdominal hypertension
Authors: Khalaf Mahran Ghada Shalaby , Abd El-Hafez Amal Ismael , Abbas Mostafa Samy
Published: April 2018

Background and objective: Elevated pressure within the cavity of the abdomen is a serious complication that can threat the life of critically ill patients. Thus, there is an intense need to highlight the outcomes of intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) that can face critical care nurses. This work aimed to explore the deterioration of mechanical ventilated patients in the presence of IAH.Methods: Design: A non-randomized prospective study. Procedures: This trial was implemented in trauma and general intensive care in the period between December 2015 and August 2016. The pressure within the abdomen was measured for each patient, three times with 8-hr interval, at the third day of mechanical ventilator (MV). Sepsis-related organ failure assessment score was measured for all patients at first day of admission. All patients who had normal intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) or developed IAH were observed, monitored and evaluated for the clinical outcomes until discharged. Results: Of the 60 MV patients, 83.3% developed IAH. Higher mean of MV and stay period among patients with increased pressure within the abdomen (14.04 ± 10.30 and 16.30 ± 9.36) than normotensive patients (6.90 ± 2.80 and 11.000 ± 3.77) with significant difference (p = .001). Non-survivor had a significantly higher mean IAP than survivor (23.266 ± 2.37 vs. 7.91 ± 3.17) (p value < .001).Conclusions: The occurrence of IAH complicated 83.3% of mechanical ventilated clients in the study period: like longer stay and use of ventilator, and high mortality rate.