bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A high geothermal setting in the Linyi geothermal field: Evidence from the lithospheric thermal structure
Authors: Liao Yuzhong , Zhang Wei , Rong Yuwei , Liu Feng , Wei Shuaichao , Li Long , Zhao Zirui , Li Man
Published: July 2023

The lithospheric thermal structure has a profound indicative significance for the potential evaluation and exploration of geothermal resources. The Linyi geothermal field, located in the southern section of the Yishu fault in Shandong Province, boasts abundant geothermal resources. However, its origin is still unclear. This study analyzed the characteristics of terrestrial heat flow using the temperature logging of geothermal wells and measurements of thermal conductivity and heat production. Combined with the geophysical information of the Xiangshui (Jiangsu Province)-Mandula (Nei Mongol) geoscience transect and the lithology revealed by the geothermal wells, this study built a conceptual model of the lithospheric thermal structure using the one-dimensional steady-state heat conduction equation. Based on this model, the heat flow is 64.9 mW/m2, indicating a high geothermal setting in the study area. Furthermore, the ratio of crustal to mantle heat flow is < 1 (0.67), implying that surface heat flow originates predominantly from the mantle. The Yishu fault probably acts as a pathway for heat transfer from the mantle. The temperature of the Moho boundary in the study area was estimated to be 614.8 °C. The Curie depth was calculated to be 29.5 km (585 °C), which is consistent with the depth estimated using the aeromagnetic data. In sum, the Linyi geothermal field has a high geothermal setting, which contributes to the formation of geothermal resources.
In it Together: Relationship Transitions and Couple Concordance in Health and Well-Being
Authors: Pauly Theresa , Weber Elisa , Hoppmann Christiane A. , Gerstorf Denis , Scholz Urte
Published: July 2023

Events that change the family system have the potential to impact couple dynamics such as concordance, that is, partner similarity in health and well-being. This project analyzes longitudinal data (≥ two decades) from both partners of up to 3,501 German and 1,842 Australian couples to investigate how couple concordance in life satisfaction, self-rated health, mental health, and physical health might change with transitioning to parenthood and an empty nest. Results revealed couple concordance in intercepts (averaged r = .52), linear trajectories (averaged r = .55), and wave-specific fluctuations around trajectories (averaged r = .21). Concordance in linear trajectories was stronger after transitions (averaged r = .81) than before transitions (averaged r = .43), whereas no systematic transition-related change in concordance of wave-specific fluctuations was found. Findings emphasize that shared transitions represent windows of change capable of sending couples onto mutual upward or downward trajectories in health and well-being.
Policy framework that addresses malnutrition in Namibia: A retrospective qualitative review
Authors: Mukisa George Waliomuzibu , Shumba Tonderai W , Lourens Andrit
Published: July 2023

Background

Although Namibia has made strides in improving the policy enabling environment, eradication of malnutrition is still elusive.

Objective

This review was aimed at determining the extent to which food and nutrition-related policies in Namibia address malnutrition.

Methods

This study used a qualitative approach by retrospectively analysing policy frameworks that address malnutrition in Namibia from 1991 to 2022. The analysis employed the policy triangle framework to elucidate the contextual factors, content, actors and process involved in the policy development. Moreover, a comparative analysis of Namibian policies and those of other southern African countries was undertaken.

Results

The review showed that there is a considerable degree of coherence in policy goals and strategies to address malnutrition despite parallel coordination structures. Policy process involved limited consultations with local communities which might have jeopardised the formulation of community problem-tailored interventions, ownership and participation in policy implementation. There is a strong political commitment to the eradication of malnutrition in Namibia. The Office of the Prime Minister played a leading role in policy development. Influential actors such as the UN agencies elevated the nutrition agenda. Further, the Namibian policy framework was generally similar to those of other southern African countries.

Conclusions

The review showed that Namibia has relevant and comprehensive policies to address malnutrition, however, contextual factors indicated high levels of malnutrition still exist in the communities. Further research is needed to understand the barriers and enablers to optimal nutrition for children under five years in Namibia.
Going deep: Excavation, collaboration and imagination at the Kola Superdeep Borehole
Authors: Wrigley Charlotte
Published: July 2023

On the Kola Peninsula in the Russian Arctic lies an innocuous iron disc about the size of a dinner plate. If one were to prise this disc open, they would find the remains of the world’s deepest vertical hole. Reaching a depth of over 12 kilometres, the Kola Superdeep Borehole was drilled in the pursuit of excavating scientific knowledges for a better understanding of the Earth’s crust. Whilst the borehole produced some important findings, and hosted an international delegation of researchers, once the Soviet Union collapsed, it fell into disrepair. Since its closure, the Kola Superdeep has become lost to history, but its existence as a ruin has generated new artistic engagements with the underground. This article uses the geological notion of discontinuity – a structural break in the rock – to imagine how discontinuity might be found within the borehole itself. It does this by identifying three access points: excavation through drilling and coring, collaboration through cross-border scientific work, and imagination through art and the weird. By resisting the notion that the subterranean can be objectively known through science, I reveal how the Kola Superdeep produces other relations, knowledges, and ways of sensing the subterranean.
Nature of climate change-induced risks in semi-arid northwestern Ghana: Gauged observations, perceptions of smallholder farmers, and perspectives for livelihood adaptation
Authors: Lente Ishmael , Heve William K. , Owusu-Twum Maxwell Y. , Gordon Christopher , Opoku Pabi , Nukpezah Daniel , Klutse Nana A. B.
Published: July 2023

Climate variability and impact have been an endemic challenge to smallholder farmers who largely depend on rainy weather for livelihoods in semi-arid north-western Ghana. Many households in semi-arid regions exhibit low levels of adaptive capacity due to ineffective adaptation strategies and poor coping strategies. This study examined (1) trends in gauged rainfall and temperature data spanning the period from 1984 to 2014 and (2) smallholder farmers’ perceptions about yearly cyclical weather, and difficulties associated with climate change adaptations. The study adopted the participatory rural appraisal design using questionnaire, interviews and focus group discussions for collection of data for analysis. Estimated parameters partially supported that yearly temperatures are increasing, whereas annual rainfall is declining, although the latter is not significantly related to the former. Smallholder farmers’ perceptions about changing weather conditions did not corroborate the observed declining annual rainfall trend. These farmers are faced with livelihood-affecting risks during either ‘prolonged dry periods from October to May’ or ‘short annual rainy season from mid-May to September. Therefore, access to climate information and available climate adaptation strategies could improve farming activities and livelihoods of farmers in response to climate change.
Safety and Efficacy of Botulinum Toxin Type A in Children With Spastic Cerebral Palsy Aged <2 Years: A Systematic Review
Authors: Yang Hongyi , Chen Shiwei , Shen Jiaqi , Chen Yijing , Lai Minlin , Chen Linfei , Fang Suzhen
Published: July 2023

In this study, we reviewed the safety and efficacy of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) injection with respect to motor development in children with spastic cerebral palsy aged <2 years. Randomized controlled trials of BoNT-A published between July 1993 and May 2021 were searched in PubMed, WANFANG, CNKI (Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure), and Cochrane Library Central Register of Controlled Trials using keywords “Botulinum Toxin,” “cerebral palsy,” “nao xing tan huan,” “nao tan,” and “rou du du su.” The 11-item PEDro Scale was used to rate the quality of all the identified studies. Twelve studies, involving 656 subjects, met the inclusion criteria, and of these, 2 involved patients aged <2 years. Treatment safety was assessed based on adverse event (AE) number and frequency, and efficacy was assessed based on spasticity, range of movement, and motor development. We observed that 3 self-limiting adverse events that were frequently reported included weakness, dysesthesia of the skin, and pain at the injection site. Moreover, there was a significant decrease in the incidence of spasticity and a notable improvement in the range of movement of BoNT-A–treated patients. Therefore, BoNT-A injection shows great safety and efficacy in the treatment of children with cerebral palsy aged <2 years.
Self-Reports of Sexual Violence Outside of Survey Reference Periods: Implications for Measurement
Authors: Dufour Gena K. , Senn Charlene Y. , Jeffrey Nicole K.
Published: July 2023

Accurate measurement of sexual violence (SV) victimization is important for informing research, policy, and service provision. Measures such as the Sexual Experiences Survey (SES) that use behaviorally specific language and a specified reference period (e.g., since age 14, over the past 12 months) are considered best practice and have substantially improved SV estimates given that so few incidents are reported to police. However, to date, we know little about whether estimates are affected by respondents’ reporting of incidents that occurred outside of the specified reference period (i.e., reference period errors). The current study explored the extent, nature, and impact on incidence estimates of reference period errors in two large, diverse samples of post-secondary students. Secondary analysis was conducted of data gathered using a follow-up date question after the Sexual Experiences Survey–Short Form Victimization. Between 8% and 68% of rape and attempted rape victims made reference period errors, with the highest proportion of errors occurring in the survey with the shortest reference period (1 month). These errors caused minor to moderate changes in time period-specific incidence estimates (i.e., excluding respondents with errors reduced estimates by up to 7%). Although including a date question does not guarantee that all time period-related errors will be identified, it can improve the accuracy of SV estimates, which is crucial for informing policy and prevention. Researchers measuring SV within specific reference periods should consider collecting dates of reported incidents as best practice.
Household cooking fuel choice and associated factors in a rural and peri-urban community in Western Kenya
Authors: Mangeni Judith N. , Menya Diana , Mwitari James , Shupler Matt , Anderson de Cuevas Rachel , Sang Edna , Anabwani Eslaba , Sutton Noel , Nix Emily , Ronzi Sara , Pope Dan , Puzzolo Elisa , Asante Kwaku Poku
Published: July 2023

Polluting fuels such as biomass and kerosene are used for cooking by approximately 85% of the population in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) despite the well-known associated negative health effects. Many governments across SSA are aiming to scale up the use of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), a cleaner-burning fuel in terms of black carbon and fine particulate matter emissions, to promote public health and protect the environment by reducing deforestation. In Kenya, the government has been promoting rapid scale-up of LPG as a household fuel by zero rating it. A census survey was administered to over 2000 households in a peri-urban and rural sub-county of Uasin Gishu County to determine cooking characteristics and factors associated with the primary cooking fuel (biomass versus LPG). We found that the majority 72% ( n = 1619) of the households mainly use biomass as a primary fuel (86% wood, 12% charcoal, 1.5% wood chips, and 1% kerosene) while about 28% ( n = 629) use clean fuels (86.8% LPG, 12.9% biogas/solar, and 0.3% electricity). Peri-urban residents had up to 2.5 times increased odds of using LPG compared to those in the rural sub-county. Supply factors such as easy access to refills affect the number of days the LPG is used per week. Urbanization at sub-county leads to increases in use of LPG for cooking, irrespective of household-level SES. The Government is encouraged to enact policies that would increase the availability of LPG refills to rural communities hence reducing the time and transportation costs that are likely to affect access with consequent low usage.
Determination of potential absorbance bands of fumonisin B1 in methanol with near infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Laubscher Anja , Rose Lindy J , Williams Paul J
Published: July 2023

The contamination of maize, a major staple food in South Africa, with fumonisin B1 (FB1), has become a major food safety concern. The regulation of this mycotoxin is extremely important and requires efficient detection methods. Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has gained widespread interest as a rapid and non-destructive mycotoxin analysis method. The purpose of this study was, therefore, to determine the NIR absorbance bands of FB1. The spectra of 30 FB1 solutions, constituted in methanol, as well as 30 methanol-only samples were recorded in the spectral range of 1000–2500 nm (10,000 – 4000 cm−1). The data was pre-processed with multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) and a partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model was computed. The variable importance in projection (VIP) scores and selectivity ratio (SR) values were used for wavelength selection. A new PLS-DA model was computed with 454 chosen wavelengths and the regression vector of this model was investigated to further identify and remove irrelevant wavelengths. The final model was computed with 150 wavelengths and nine latent variables (LVs) and obtained a classification accuracy of 100% for both the calibration and external validation sets. By investigating the regression vector of the final PLS-DA model, potential FB1 absorbance bands were identified at 1446 nm, 1453 nm, 1891 nm, 2036 nm, 2046 nm, 2148 nm, 2224 nm, 2262 nm and 2273 nm. This study was therefore able to identify the previously unknown NIR absorbance bands of FB1 at 100 ppm.
The Nexus Between Green Entrepreneurship and Sustainable Development: An Econometric Study
Authors: Mondal Sourav
Published: July 2023

Rising industrialization helps with economic growth and is responsible for environmental pollution as well as global warming. Here, green entrepreneurs play a significant role in the reduction of this environmental pollution and sustainable development. Although the study of green entrepreneurship and its relationship with economic, social and financial growth is limited and at a nascent stage. Therefore, this study examines the relationships among green entrepreneurship and credit policy, financial development, sustainable development goals and trade openness using the ‘Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis’. From this perspective, 114 countries worldwide are considered and subdivided into three sub-categories, including lower-income, middle-income and higher-income countries, based on panel data collected from the World Bank’s database. Descriptive statistics, a cross-sectional dependence test, a unit root test, long-run estimations and a multicollinearity test have been used for the data analysis. The findings of the study show that green entrepreneurship decreases environmental pollution throughout the world and enhances financial development and credit policy around the world. Likewise, income per capita helps with credit policy, economic development and green entrepreneurship. Moreover, environmental factors are positively associated with financial development and sustainable development goals. Finally, the EKC hypothesis supports the relationship for all variables throughout panel and subpanel data. Additionally, these findings could help policymakers improve policies for managing environment-friendly products and enhance green funding, considering clean investment and other green aspects of sustainable development.
Association of MSX1 Gene Variants with Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip and/or Palate in the Pakistani Population
Authors: Memon Anny , Khidri Feriha Fatima , Waryah Yar Muhammad , Nigar Roohi , Bhinder Munir Ahmad , Shaikh Ahmed Muhammad , Shaikh Hina , Waryah Ali Muhammad
Published: July 2023

Objectives

This study investigated the association of MSX1 gene variants rs3821949 and rs12532 with nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCL/P) in the Pakistani population.

Design

Comparative cross-sectional study. Setting: Multicenter of CL/P malformation. Patients/Participants: Unrelated Non-Syndromic cleft Lip/Palate patients and healthy controls were enrolled.

Methods

One hundred ( n = 100) subjects with NSCL/P and n = 50 unrelated healthy controls were enrolled in a multicenter comparative cross-sectional study. A tetra amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to analyze MSXI gene single nucleotide variants (SNVs).

Results

Among 100 NSCL/P subjects, the majority were males (56%; male: female = 1.27: 1). Most of the cases (74%) had cleft lip and palate (CLP) compared to isolated clefts. Genotyping of MSX1 gene variant rs3821949 showed an increased risk for NSCL/P in various genetic models ( P < 0.0001), and the A allele exhibited a more than 4-fold increased risk among cases (OR = 4.22: 95% CI = 2.16–8.22; P < 0.0001). Our investigation found no significant difference between the rs12532 variation and NSCL/P.

Conclusion

Our study findings suggest that MSX1 gene variants may increase predisposition to NSCL/P in the Pakistani population. Further studies comprising large samples are required to identify the genetic aetiology of NSCL/P among our people.
Pilot study evaluating feasibility and utility of pharmacist-driven oral antineoplastic agent monitoring program
Authors: Allen Stefan M , Cervantez Sherri R , Frei Bradi L , Koeller Jim M
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Oncologists are increasingly prescribing oral antineoplastic agents which have benefits and challenges impacting patient outcomes. Practice guidelines recommend monitoring symptoms and adherence without outlining any specific tools or methods for monitoring. Pharmacists are successful in monitoring patients on therapy and improving outcomes. We aimed to assess the feasibility and utility of a pharmacist-delivered and medical record-integrated adherence and symptom monitoring program for patients on oral antineoplastic agents.

Methods

This single-center, prospective, interventional study designed and implemented an adherence and monitoring program. A pharmacist contacted patients twice between clinic visits for three months. During telephone encounters, patients were verbally screened for medication adherence and assessed for new or changing symptoms using the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System as a signal of possible adverse events. We measured feasibility via patient enrollment, completed proportion of scheduled contacts, and pharmacist time. Utility was assessed through patient adherence, satisfaction surveys, healthcare resource utilization, and pharmacist interventions (i.e., patient education, adherence assistance, and symptom management).

Results

Fifty-one patients participated. Ninety-one percent of scheduled patient contacts were completed. Edmonton Symptom Assessment System was administered by pharmacy personnel 102 times. Patient-reported adherence was 100%. Overall satisfaction was 85% and 100%, for patients and physicians, respectively. Fifty-one (98%) pharmacist recommendations were accepted. There were 14 total utilizations of healthcare resources—5.2 per 1000 patient days.

Conclusions

This study suggests a pharmacist monitoring program for patients taking oral antineoplastic agents is feasible and provides utility. Further research is needed to evaluate whether this program improves safety, adherence, and outcomes in patients using oral antineoplastic agents.
The invisible man: A replication study investigating whether interpersonal goals moderate White women’s inattentional blindness to African American men
Authors: Brown-Iannuzzi Jazmin L. , Trawalter Sophie , Lisnek Jaclyn A. , Hoffman Kelly M. , Payne B. Keith
Published: July 2023

Anti-Black racism in America renders Black people both invisible and hypervisible, at times. Here, we draw on previous research on inattentional blindness, a phenomenon whereby people fail to perceive something or someone (e.g., a person walking about) in their environment when attending to another feature of their environment (e.g., other people playing a ball game). We sought to replicate past work examining the conditions under which heterosexual White women fail to perceive a Black man walking through a complex scene. Specifically, we investigated whether selective inattention to a task-irrelevant person walking through a scene of two teams passing basketballs may depend on two factors: (a) the race of the person walking through the scene (Black vs. White), and (b) the interpersonal goal of the viewer (searching for a coworker, neighbor, friend, romantic partner, or a control condition)—hence the reason we recruited heterosexual White women participants. Consistent with the original work, across three studies, we found a main effect of target race such that heterosexual White women participants were more likely to notice the White (vs. Black) man walking through the ball-passing scene. Inconsistent with the original work, we did not find that this effect was moderated by the interpersonal goal condition. We discuss the implications of the current findings and future directions.
Effect of post-heat treatment with super β transus temperature on the damping behaviour of LPBF-processed Ti6Al4V thin rotor blade
Authors: Pathania Akshay , S. Anand Kumar , B.K. Nagesha , Barad Sanjay
Published: July 2023

This article investigates the damping behaviour of laser powder bed fusion-processed Ti6Al4V thin plate samples and thin rotor blades. The effect of microstructural changes owing to the post heat treatments (PHTs – 850 °C, 950 °C and 1050 °C) on damping behaviour was assessed. The microstructural characterisation was performed using optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope techniques. The impact hammer test was performed on thin plate samples and rotor blades to characterise damping behaviour. The microstructure of the thin plate samples subjected to PHT conditions varied in grain structure and morphology compared to the as-printed ones. Further, PHT at a higher temperature (i.e. 1050 °C) induces a higher amount of β phase than the other PHT temperatures. The PHT performed at 1050 °C exhibited α- Widmanstätten microstructure consisting of elongated β and a small amount of α. Moreover, the frequency response function plots revealed broader peaks for thin plate samples and the rotor blade than others. The PHT was favourable in enhancing the α lath thickness and β volume fraction, increasing the damping ratio. The results showed that PHT performed at 1050 °C improves the overall damping of ∼348% and ∼140% of rotor blade and thin plate samples, respectively. The amplitude decay for the rotor blade subjected to PHT at 1050 °C was ∼66% shorter than the as-printed one due to high β phase content relieving the energy resulting in a high damping ratio.
Design and simulation of a wall-climbing robot car using 3D printing technology and the vacuum method
Authors: Pham Viet-Hung , Nguyen Hoa-Cuc , Nguyen Ngoc-Duong , Mach Bich-Ngoc , Nguyen Thanh Q
Published: July 2023

This paper presents a novel approach to building a vertical wall-climbing robot using the vacuum method and the internal contact model. By leveraging advanced 3D printing technology, the proposed robot model addresses three key challenges encountered in previous studies: achieving high traction force for smooth and efficient movement, ensuring low roughness and fast shifting capability, and minimizing production costs for mass deployment. The vacuum suction method employs an air compressor to generate suction force, enabling the robot to ascend walls vertically. This process significantly increases airflow velocity, creating a low-pressure area that enhances adhesion to the surface. The utilization of 3D printing technology allows for the creation of the robot’s bodywork and essential components, facilitating adjustments in the mechanical system design. The developed robot is well-suited for inspecting and maintaining hazardous areas in tall buildings and conducting surveillance in factory settings. Moreover, it proves valuable for cleaning and monitoring slippery surfaces with minimal roughness. The research findings demonstrate that incorporating 3D printing technology in the design and construction of wall-climbing robots has successfully achieved the desired speed and grip capabilities.
The need for health information management professionals in Malawi health facilities
Authors: Chima Teddie , Mkwinda Esmie , Kumwenda Stephen
Published: July 2023

Background:

Health information management (HIM) is at the core of health organisations, providing essential information. In Malawi, there is a substantial deficit of qualified personnel, specifically health information managers, who can properly manage health information in electronic and paper-based formats. The nation has no higher education institution offering an academic programme in HIM.

Objective:

To investigate the need for HIM professionals in Malawi government health facilities, to determine the kinds of data managed by data users; competencies of HIM workers and challenges associated with the current HIM system.

Method:

A cross-sectional research design was adopted, with a qualitative approach to gather data from data users and key informants, using two focused interview guides. Data were collected from 13 participants from 6 government health facilities representing the primary, secondary and tertiary healthcare delivery levels. Data were analysed thematically.

Results:

Data users handled a diverse range of data, the majority having moderate skills in HIM. Both data users and key informants reported experiencing challenges in dealing with the existing HIM system. Findings also revealed key challenges associated with the absence, or inadequacy, of a well-trained HIM professional workforce in Malawi health facilities.

Conclusion:

Introducing a training programme in HIM would improve data management in health facilities in Malawi. Well-managed data would improve the delivery of health care services.
Designing for Health in Healthcare Deserts: A Medical City Master Planning Project in Nigeria
Authors: Lee Chanam , Zhong Sinan , Lee Sungmin , Ndubisi Forster
Published: July 2023

Background:

Many countries and communities in sub-Saharan Africa suffer from inadequate access to healthcare and healthy lifestyles as reflected in their high mortality and morbidity rates. Large-scale interventions like the medical city project presented in this article are necessary to address the significant health burdens faced by populations in this region.

Objectives:

This article shows how evidence-based approaches and multisectoral partnerships guided the development of the 327-acre Medical City master plan in Akwa Ibom, Nigeria. This is envisioned to be the first-of-its-kind medical city in this medically underserved “healthcare desert.”

Methods:

The five-phased, seven-year (2013–2020) master planning process was guided by the overarching design framework of “sustainable one health” along with its 11 objectives and 64 performance measures. The data/evidence used to guide the planning decision-making process came from case studies, literature reviews, stakeholder interviews, and on-site investigations.

Results:

The outcome of this project is a comprehensive medical city master plan that includes a self-contained, mixed-use community anchored by a hospital and a primary healthcare village. This medical city provides access to the full range of healthcare services (e.g., curative-to-preventive, traditional-to-alternative) and is supported by multimodal transportation systems and extensive green infrastructure.

Conclusions:

This project offers theoretical and practical insights on “designing for health” in a frontier market while responding to the complex local contexts that present many unique challenges and opportunities. Those insights provide useful lessons for researchers and professionals interested in promoting health and healthcare services in healthcare deserts.
Granular cell tumor of the lung and tracheobronchial tree: Two case-presentation with a review of the literature
Authors: Houcine Yoldez , Mlika Mouna , Moussa Chirine , Rouis Houda , Brahem Emna , Ismail Olfa , Maȃlej Sonia , El Mezni Faouzi
Published: July 2023

Pulmonary granular cells tumors (CGT) are rare tumors, that derive from Schwann cells. In the tracheobronchial and pulmonary tree, they remain a diagnostic challenge. There are no well-established criteria to differentiate between benign, atypical, and malignant GCT. Moreover, its real frequency in the respiratory tract is still unknown. Here, we represent 2 cases of bronchial and lung GCTs. We aim to highlight the frequency of all clinicopathological characteristics of this rare tumor in the tracheobronchial and pulmonary tree location based on our cases and the available literature in a large systematic review.
Bilateral external jugular vein anomalies preventing hemodialysis catheter placement in a cat with anuria secondary to Lilium species intoxication
Authors: Palm Carrie A , Kopecny Lucy , Woerde Dennis J , Culp William TN
Published: July 2023

Case series summary

A 2-year-old female spayed Abyssinian cat was evaluated for lethargy and inappetence that first occurred approximately 4 days prior. In addition, urination had not been observed by the owner for 5 days. A Lilium species plant had been brought into the house approximately 5 days before initial evaluation, and intoxication was therefore suspected. Bloodwork revealed anemia, severe azotemia and hyperkalemia. As the cat was anuric with severe azotemia, hyperkalemia and fluid overload, intermittent hemodialysis was recommended. Attempts were made to place a hemodialysis catheter into the external jugular veins bilaterally, but after initial successful venipuncture, the instrumentation would not pass into either vein. During fluoroscopic angiography, no internal jugular veins or external jugular veins caudal to the thoracic inlet were visualized and venous drainage from the head occurred via the vertebral veins. Owing to the anomalous anatomy in the cervical region, a hemodialysis catheter could not be placed into either jugular vein. Alternative sites for the placement of an extracorporeal catheter were discussed with the owner, but humane euthanasia was elected.

Relevance and novel information

To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of a cat with bilateral external jugular vein anomalies resulting in blind endings that did not communicate with the vena cava. This was discovered during attempts to place a hemodialysis catheter for the management of anuric renal failure secondary to Lilium species intoxication. While this anatomical variation is likely uncommon, it is an important differential to consider when faced with challenging external jugular vein catheterizations in feline patients.
Development of a social skills training programme to target social isolation using virtual reality technology in primary mental health care
Authors: Ose Solveig Osborg , Thaulow Kristin , Færevik Hilde , Hoffmann Per Lund , Lestander Hedvig , Stiles Tore , Lindgren Martin
Published: July 2023

Introduction

People with severe mental illness often have a small or no network of friends and limited contact with their family and live social isolated lives. We developed a social skills training programme to be administered by public mental health professionals in helping those with mental illness to overcome their social isolation.

Methods

The programme was developed over 3 years in close collaboration among psychologists, service users, municipal mental health professionals, mental health service researchers and a local firm providing virtual reality (VR) training. We started with the simplest available equipment, that is, a cardboard headset combined with a smartphone, then we used Oculus Quest and now Oculus Quest 2.

Results

The resulting programme is comprised of eight steps from: 1) identify service user’s primary and secondary goals to 8) three-month follow-up.

Conclusion

Several factors made adoption and implementation of VR technology possible in a relatively short timeframe: namely, the municipality and service users were involved from the beginning of the development process, efforts were made to introduce VR to mental health professionals and allow them to reflect on its usability, solutions were low-tech and low cost, and the long-term research collaboration was established without municipal financial obligations.
Two Worlds Apart? Engineering Students’ Perceptions of Workplace English
Authors: Çal Akif , Mearns Tessa , Admiraal Wilfried
Published: July 2023

This study aims to explore to what extent engineering students’ perceptions of the role of English in the workplace are affected by their internship and field of study. Previous research revealed that employers value engineers’ English communication skills highly. However, mismatches between workplace expectations and engineers’ competencies affect engineers’ employability negatively. To explore this topic, a survey and interviews were conducted. Results suggest that neither internship experience nor field of study made any difference in engineering students’ perception of the role of English in the workplace, which led to a potential mismatch between their perceptions and workplace expectations.
Training and employee turnover: A social exchange perspective
Authors: Jun Minjong , Eckardt Rory
Published: July 2023

Training is often thought to benefit organizations; however, these benefits only materialize if trained employees remain at the organization. Empirical findings are mixed regarding the direction and significance of the training-turnover association, which implies there are important moderators for this association. Drawing on the social exchange theory, we posit the training-turnover association varies as a function of two characteristics of an organization’s employees: job qualification and educational background. We assess hypotheses for their moderating impact on the training-turnover link using the Human Capital Corporate Panel data sets from 2009 to 2017. The panel data analyses support the hypotheses regarding the interaction effects of training and job qualification on employee turnover and demonstrate three-way effects among training, job qualification, and educational background. We discuss the theoretical implications of these findings for the varied perceptions of the value of training and the value of staying at the organization from a social exchange perspective.

JEL CLASSIFICATION: (1) M53 Training and (2) J63 Turnover; Vacancies; Layoffs
Impact of ground motion directionality (RotDnn) on the coupled and uncoupled inelastic response of RC circular cantilever columns
Authors: Parra Ariadne L Palma , Kowalsky Mervyn J
Published: July 2023

Directionality in the representation of earthquake demand for structural seismic design has surfaced as a subject of debate in recent years. Design spectra, as defined in building and bridge codes, account for directionality by considering the peak response in all possible orientations of the motion using the RotDnn measure, where “nn” is the percentile of the peak response. Current seismic hazard maps are based on ground motion models that use the RotD50 spectra (median peak response). However, since 2009, building codes have adopted RotD100 spectra (maximum peak response), raising concern among researchers and engineers. The first objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of design spectra definition, RotD50 or RotD100, on the bidirectional inelastic response of azimuth-independent RC systems. Upcoming updates to seismic hazard maps highlight the need of understanding the implication of this choice in bridge design. While previous research focused on the relationship between RotD50 and RotD100, this work assesses the impact of each definition on the inelastic seismic response of RC circular columns designed following the Direct Displacement-Based Design approach and verified through nonlinear time history analyses (NTHA) using ground motions from shallow crustal active and subduction zone regions. The ratios of NTHA to design displacement confirm that RotD100 spectra should be used to design azimuth-independent RC systems and provide the first known verification of DDBD for bidirectional loading (second objective). These ratios are a function of ductility level, tectonic regime, effective period, and coupling (which is the third objective). Overall results show that RC circular cantilever columns designed to RotD100 spectra show less deviation from the expected design displacement than columns designed to RotD50 spectra. This study presents the first step in resolving the ongoing debate over spectra definition and provides recommendations for displacement demand estimations for response spectra-based design approaches.
Effect of BMI on toxicities and survival among adolescents and young adults treated on DFCI Consortium ALL trials
Authors: Shimony Shai , Flamand Yael , Valtis Yannis K. , Place Andrew E. , Silverman Lewis B. , Vrooman Lynda M. , Brunner Andrew M. , Sallan Stephen E. , Stone Richard M. , Wadleigh Martha , Neuberg Donna S. , DeAngelo Daniel J. , Luskin Marlise R.
Published: July 2023

Adolescent and young adults (AYAs) with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treated with asparaginase-containing pediatric regimens are commonly overweight or obese. We studied the association of body mass index (BMI) on outcomes of 388 AYAs aged 15 to 50 years treated on Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI) consortium regimens (2008-2021). BMI was normal in 207 (53.3%) and overweight/obese in 181 (46.7%). Patients who were overweight or obese experienced higher nonrelapse mortality (NRM; 4-year, 11.7% vs 2.8%, P = .006), worse event-free survival (4-year, 63% vs 77%, P = .003), and worse overall survival (OS; 4-year, 64% vs 83%, P = .0001). Because younger (aged 15-29 years) AYAs more frequently had a normal BMI (79% vs 20%, P < .0001), we conducted separate analyses in each BMI group. We found excellent OS among younger and older (30-50 years) AYAs with normal BMI (4-year OS, 83% vs 85%, P = .89). Conversely, in AYAs who were overweight/obese, worse outcomes were seen in older AYAs (4-year OS, 55% vs 73%, P = .023). Regarding toxicity, AYAs who were overweight/obese experienced higher rates of grade 3/4 hepatotoxicity and hyperglycemia (60.7% vs 42.2%, P = .0005, and 36.4% vs 24.4%, P = .014, respectively) but had comparable rates of hypertriglyceridemia (29.5% vs 24.4%, P = .29). In a multivariable analysis, higher BMI was associated with worse OS, hypertriglyceridemia was associated with improved OS, and age was not associated with OS. In conclusion, among AYAs treated on DFCI Consortium ALL regimens, elevated BMI was associated with increased toxicity, increased NRM, and decreased OS. The deleterious effect of elevated BMI was more pronounced in older AYAs.
Evidence-based training and certification: the ERS thoracic ultrasound training programme
Authors: Pietersen Pia Iben , Bhatnagar Rahul , Rahman Najib M. , Maskell Nick , Wrightson John M. , Annema Jouke , Crombag Laurence , Farr Amy , Tabin Nathalie , Slavicky Marek , Skaarup Søren Helbo , Konge Lars , Laursen Christian B.
Published: July 2023

Thoracic ultrasound has developed into an integral part of the respiratory physician's diagnostic and therapeutic toolbox, with high diagnostic accuracy for many diseases causing acute or chronic respiratory symptoms. However, it is vitally important that the operator has received the appropriate education and training to ensure a systematic and thorough examination, correct image interpretation, and that they then have the appropriate skills to integrate all the findings for patient benefit.

In this review, we present the new European Respiratory Society thoracic ultrasound training programme, including a discussion of curriculum development, its implementation, and trainee evaluation. This programme enables participants to gain competence in thoracic ultrasound through structured, evidence-based training with robustly validated assessments and certification. The training programme consists of three components: an online, theoretical part (part 1), which is accessible all year; a practical course (part 2), with four courses held each year (two online courses and two on-site courses); and an examination (part 3) comprising an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE), which is hosted each year at the European Respiratory Society Congress.
Climate change and respiratory disease: clinical guidance for healthcare professionals
Authors: Andersen Zorana Jovanovic , Vicedo-Cabrera Ana Maria , Hoffmann Barbara , Melén Erik
Published: July 2023

Climate change is one of the major public health emergencies with already unprecedented impacts on our planet, environment and health. Climate change has already resulted in substantial increases in temperatures globally and more frequent and extreme weather in terms of heatwaves, droughts, dust storms, wildfires, rainstorms and flooding, with prolonged and altered allergen and microbial exposure as well as the introduction of new allergens to certain areas. All these exposures may have a major burden on patients with respiratory conditions, which will pose increasing challenges for respiratory clinicians and other healthcare providers. In addition, complex interactions between these different factors, along with other major environmental risk factors (e.g.air pollution), will exacerbate adverse health effects on the lung. For example, an increase in heat and sunlight in urban areas will lead to increases in ozone exposure among urban populations; effects of very high exposure to smoke and pollution from wildfires will be exacerbated by the accompanying heat and drought; and extreme precipitation events and flooding will increase exposure to humidity and mould indoors. This review aims to bring respiratory healthcare providers up to date with the newest research on the impacts of climate change on respiratory health. Respiratory clinicians and other healthcare providers need to be continually educated about the challenges of this emerging and growing public health problem and be equipped to be the key players in solutions to mitigate the impacts of climate change on patients with respiratory conditions.

Educational aims

To define climate change and describe major related environmental factors that pose a threat to patients with respiratory conditions.

To provide an overview of the epidemiological evidence on climate change and respiratory diseases.

To explain how climate change interacts with air pollution and other related environmental hazards to pose additional challenges for patients.

To outline recommendations to protect the health of patients with respiratory conditions from climate-related environmental hazards in clinical practice.

To outline recommendations to clinicians and patients with respiratory conditions on how to contribute to mitigating climate change.
Transcriptomic analysis reveals the mechanism underlying the anthocyanin changes in Fragaria nilgerrensis Schlecht. and its interspecific hybrids
Authors: Wang Aihua , Ma Hongye , Zhang Xingtao , Zhang Baohui , Li Fei
Published: July 2023

Background

Fragaria nilgerrensis (FN) provides a rich source of genetic variations for strawberry germplasm innovation. The color of strawberry fruits is a key factor affecting consumer preferences. However, the genetic basis of the fruit color formation in F. nilgerrensis and its interspecific hybrids has rarely been researched.

Results

In this study, the fruit transcriptomes and flavonoid contents of FN (white skin; control) and its interspecific hybrids BF1 and BF2 (pale red skin) were compared. A total of 31 flavonoids were identified. Notably, two pelargonidin derivatives (pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside and pelargonidin-3-O-rutinoside) were revealed as potential key pigments for the coloration of BF1 and BF2 fruits. Additionally, dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) (LOC101293459 and LOC101293749) and anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase (BZ1) (LOC101300000), which are crucial structural genes in the anthocyanidin biosynthetic pathway, had significantly up-regulated expression levels in the two FN interspecific hybrids. Moreover, most of the genes encoding transcription factors (e.g., MYB, WRKY, TCP, bHLH, AP2, and WD40) related to anthocyanin accumulation were differentially expressed. We also identified two DFR genes (LOC101293749 and LOC101293459) that were significantly correlated with members in bHLH, MYB, WD40, AP2, and bZIP families. Two chalcone synthase (CHS) (LOC101298162 and LOC101298456) and a BZ1 gene (LOC101300000) were highly correlated with members in bHLH, WD40 and AP2 families.

Conclusions

Pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside and pelargonidin-3-O-rutinoside may be the key pigments contributing to the formation of pale red fruit skin. DFR and BZ1 structural genes and some bHLH, MYB, WD40, AP2, and bZIP TF family members enhance the accumulation of two pelargonidin derivatives. This study provides important insights into the regulation of anthocyanidin biosynthesis in FN and its interspecific hybrids. The presented data may be relevant for improving strawberry fruit coloration via genetic engineering.