bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantum Conditional Strategies for Prisoners' Dilemmata Under the Ewl Scheme
Authors: Giannakis Konstantinos , Theocharopoulou Georgia , Papalitsas Christos , Fanarioti Sofia , Andronikos Theodore
Published: May 2019

Classic game theory is an important field with a long tradition of useful results. Recently, the quantum versions of classical games, such as the Prisoner's Dilemma (PD), have attracted a lot of attention. Similarly, state machines and specifically finite automata have also been under constant and thorough study for plenty of reasons. The quantum analogues of these abstract machines, like the quantum finite automata, have been studied extensively. In this work, we examine some well-known game conditional strategies that have been studied within the framework of the repeated PD game. Then, we try to associate these strategies to proper quantum finite automata that receive them as inputs and recognize them with probability 1, achieving some interesting results. We also study the quantum version of PD under the Eisert-Wilkens-Lewenstein scheme, proposing a novel conditional strategy for the repeated version of this game.
Multi-Relaxation Time Lattice Boltzmann Simulations of oOscillatory Instability in Lid-Driven Flows of 2D Semi-Elliptical Cavity
Authors: FENG Zhe , LIM HeeChang
Published: May 2019

In this study, the multi-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann method is applied to investigate the oscillatory instability of lid-driven flows in two-dimensional semi-elliptical cavities with different vertical to horizontal aspect ratios K in the range of 1.0--3.0. The program implemented in this study is parallelized using CUDA (compute unified device architecture), a parallel computing platform, and computations are carried out on NVIDIA Tesla K40c GPU. To carry out precise calculations, the CUDA algorithm is extensively investigated, and its parallel efficiency indicates that the maximum speedup is 47.6 times faster. Furthermore, the steady--oscillatory Reynolds numbers are predicted by implementing the CUDA-based programs. The amplitude coefficient is defined to quantify the time-dependent oscillation of the velocity magnitude at the monitoring point. The simulation results indicate that the transition Reynolds numbers correlate negatively with the aspect ratio of the semi-elliptical cavity, and are smaller than those of the rectangular cavity at the same aspect ratio. In addition, the detailed vortex structures of the semi-elliptical cavity within a single period are also investigated when the Reynolds number is larger than the steady--oscillatory value to determine the effects of periodic oscillation of the velocity magnitude.
Thermodynamic, non-extensive, or turbulent quasi equilibrium for space plasma environment
Authors: Yoon Peter
Published: May 2019

The Boltzmann-Gibbs (BG) entropy has been used in a wide variety of problems for more than a century. It is well known that BG entropy is extensive, but for certain systems such as those dictated by long-range interactions, the entropy must be non-extensive. Tsallis entropy possesses non-extensive characteristics, which is parametrized by a variable q (q = 1 being the classic BG limit), but unless q is determined from microscopic dynamics, the model remains but a phenomenological tool. To this date very few examples have emerged in which q can be computed from first principles. This paper shows that the space plasma environment, which is governed by long-range collective electromagnetic interaction, represents a perfect example for which the q parameter can be computed from micro-physics. By taking the electron velocity distribution function measured in the heliospheric environment into account, and considering them to be in quasi equilibrium state with electrostatic turbulence known as the quasi-thermal noise, it is shown that the value corresponding to q = 9/13 = 0.6923 may be deduced. This prediction is verified against observation made by spacecraft, and it is shown to be in excellent agreement.
Preclinical Evidence of STAT3 Inhibitor, Pacritinib, Overcomes Temozolomide Resistance via Down-Regulating miR-21-enriched Exosomes from M2 Glioblastoma-Associated Macrophages
Authors: Chuang Hao-Yu , Su Yu-kai , Liu Heng-Wei , Chen Chao-Hsuan , Chiu Shao-Chih , Cho Der-Yang , Lin Shinn-Zong , Chen Yueh-Sheng , Lin Chien-Min
Published: May 2019

Background: Tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in virtually every aspect of tumorigenesis of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). The dysfunctional TME promotes drug resistance, disease recurrence and distant metastasis. Recent evidence indicates that exosomes released by stromal cells within TME may promote oncogenic phenotypes via transferring signaling molecules such as cytokines, proteins and microRNAs. Results: In this study, clinical GBM samples were collected and analyzed. We found that GBM-associated macrophages (GAMs) secreted exosomes which were enriched with oncomiR-21. Co-culture of GAMs (and GAM derived exosomes) and GBM cell lines resulted in the increased GBM cells’ resistance against temozolomide (TMZ) by upregulating pro-survival gene, PDCD4 and stemness markers Sox2, STAT3, Nestin and miR-21-5p and increased M2 cytokines, IL-6 and TGF-β1 secreted by GBM cells, promoting the M2 polarization of GAMs. Subsequently, pacritinib treatment suppressed GBM tumorigenesis and stemness; more importantly, pacritinib-treated GBM cells showed markedly reduced ability to secret M2 cytokines and reduced miR-21 enriched exosomes secreted by GAMs. Pacritinib-mediated effects were accompanied by a reduction of oncomiR miR-21-5p, by which tumor suppressor PDCD4 was targeted. We subsequently established a patient-derived xenograft models where mice bore patient GBM and GAMs. The treatment of pacritinib, and the combination of pacritinib/TMZ appeared to significantly reduce tumorigenesis of GBM/GAM PDX mice, overcome TMZ-resistance, and M2 polarization of GAMs. Conclusion: In summation, we showed that potential of pacritinib alone or in combination with TMZ for suppressing GBM tumorigenesis via modulating STAT3/miR-21/PDCD4 signaling. Further investigations are warranted for adopting pacritinib for the treatment of TMZ-resistant GBM in the clinical settings.
Toxin Inactivation in Toxin/Antitoxin Systems
Authors: Fernandez-Garcia Laura , Kim Jun-Seob , Tomas Maria , Wood Thomas K.
Published: May 2019

Toxin/antitoxin (TA) systems are used primarily to inhibit phage, reduce metabolic activity during stress, and maintain genetic elements. Given the extreme toxicity of some of the toxins of these TA systems, we were curious how the cell silences toxins, if the antitoxin is inactivated or when toxins are obtained without antitoxins via horizontal gene transfer. Here we find that the RalR (type I), MqsR (type II), GhoT (type V), and Hha (type VII) toxins are inactivated primarily by a mutation that inactivates the toxin promoter or via the chromosomal mutations iraM and mhpR.
Current Evidence about Neem Extracts, the Molecules and Physiological Mechanisms Their Nutritional Components Interact with
Authors: Islas Jose Francisco , Acosta Ezeiza , Escalante-Acosta Bruno A. , Moreno-Trevino María Guadalupe , Moreno-Cuevas Jorge E.
Published: May 2019

Plant-based alternative medicine is normally grounded on empiric cultural perception, as the main objective, these practices intent to either maintain good health or to provide a route to turn-the-tide on a specific disease or ailment. Amongst the thousands of plants that have been used and studied, Neem (Azadirachta indica) seems to have a very interesting tale to tell, since its properties to ward-off certain diseases have overtime, and in a rigorous way, been proven. The preceding concise review is a collection of some of the most relevant studies today, not only focusing on the health benefits obtained by its use, but digging into the molecular mechanisms of how the properties come about. In particular, we take a look over antioxidant properties and how these mediate and mitigate important molecules such as IL-6 and TNF-, leading the way in reducing systematic damage by oxidative stress. Further, we relate this oxidative reduction to other systemic diseases such as cancer and diabetes, as these are currently becoming the most rampant killers. As of yet not all is known about the different ways of extracting or the total composition of an extract, as these may be from different parts of the plant. Therefore, we also allude to an important cautionary view where toxicological effects and conflicting outcomes arise. Overall, presented results show a great potential for the different extracts of Neem as their antioxidant activity can be taken advantage off, and potentially used in modern medicine.
Kondisi Barang di Pulau Baranglompo dan Bone Batang Berdasarkan Tabel Kesehatan Karang
Authors: Nurdin Muh. , Litaay Magdalena , Priosambodo Dody , Moka Willem
Published: May 2019

The structure of wing scales in four species of papilionid butterflies were The research about the condition of coral reefs in Baranglompo and Bone Batang island was conducted in January to April 2016 based on “Coralwatch” table. The aim of this study was to determine health condition of coral reefs in Baranglompo and Bone Batang island. The data was obtained in the south, west, and north at a depth of 3 meters and 10 meter using Line Intercept Transect (LIT) method along 100 meters of both islands. The health condition of coral reefs was obtained from four coral colony types specifically Branching, Massive, Tabulate, and Soft coral using Coralwatch method. The results of this study showed that the health condition of coral reefs in Baranglompo and Bone Batang islands was still relatively equal. At a depth of 3 meters, the most healthy coral colony was dominated by branching corals while at a depth of 10 meters dominated by massive corals. However, the average value of coral colors indicating coral condition showed that the health condition of coral reefs in Baranglompo was higher than that in Bone Batang island. High anthropogenic impacts were observed by the trash commonly found in Baranglompo island, many fish bombings also found in Bone Batang island. This study recommend that the health condition of coral reefs in Baranglompo island was greater than that in Bone Batang island.
Feasibility Study on a Multi-Channeled Seismometer System with Phase-Shifted Optical Interferometry for Volcanological Observations
Authors: Tsutsui Tomoki , Hirayama Yoshiharu , Ikeda Toshiharu , Takeuchi Keiji , Ando Hiroshi ,   Sakurajima Volcano Research Center (SVRC), Disaster Prevention Research Institute (DPRI), Kyoto University 1722-19 Sakurajimayokoyama-cho, Kagoshima 891-1419, Japan,   Hakusan Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
Published: May 2019

A new Phase-Shifted Optical Interferometry seismometer system was tested in terms of its feasibility for multi-channeled volcanological observations in two volcanos in Japan. The system is capable of both sensing ground motions and transferring its signals through optical means. The prototype of this system comprises three optical-wired stations and optical components, and was deployed in Sakurajima Volcano in 2016 and in Asama Volcano in 2017. The system successfully operated for 134 days in total and provided seismograms that are in good agreement with those obtained using conventional systems. Several obstacles for putting this system to practical use that need to be solved were found through tests. Their solutions will be explored in subsequent research.
Ku-Band High-Speed Scanning Doppler Radar for Volcanic Eruption Monitoring
Authors: Maki Masayuki , Takahashi Shinobu , Okada Sumiya , Imai Katsuyuki , Yamaguchi Hiroshi ,   Research and Education Center for Natural Hazards, Kagoshima University 1-21-40 Korimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan,   NPO of RAIRAN, Osaka, Japan,   Engineering Department, Hybrid Products Division, Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd., Osaka, Japan,   Koiki Communication Systems Department, Communication System Division, Sumitomo Densetsu Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
Published: May 2019

This paper presents the major specifications and characteristics of the Ku-band high-speed scanning Doppler radar for volcano observation (KuRAD) introduced to Kagoshima University in March 2017 as well as the results of a test observation at Sakurajima. KuRAD is a Doppler radar for research with a wavelength of approximately 2 cm and uses a 45 cm diameter Luneberg lens antenna as a transmitting and receiving antenna to observe the development of a volcanic eruption column immediately following eruption at a maximum rotation speed of 40 rpm. The maximum transmitter power is 9.6 W and the maximum observational range is 20 km. Observed data includes radar reflectivity factor, Doppler velocity, and Doppler spectrum width. Another feature of KuRAD is an obtained radio station license for observation of a total of seven active volcanos in Kyushu. To assess the basic performance of KuRAD, we carried out test observations of volcanic eruptions at Sakurajima, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan and collected a total of 87 eruptions (20 of which are explosive eruptions and 7 of which had 3,000 m or higher eruptive smoke from vents). From the eruption data of Showa vent on May 2, 2017, it was confirmed that KuRAD could monitor the three-dimensional internal structure of a volcanic eruption column immediately following eruption. Eruption data from Minamidake of Sakurajima on March 5, 2018, showed that KuRAD successfully observed the eruptive smoke reaching a height of 4,000 m, although the eruptive smoke was covered with clouds and could not be detected by optical instruments of the Japan Meteorological Agency.
Mathematical Model for Locating a Pre-Positioned Warehouse and for Calculating Inventory Levels
Authors: Barojas-Payán Erika ,   Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla 21 Sur 1103, Col. Santiago, Puebla 72410, México, Sánchez-Partida Diana , Martínez-Flores José Luis , Gibaja-Romero Damián Emilio
Published: May 2019

A mixed integer non-linear mathematical model is proposed to efficiently provision necessary supplies for the dignified survival of people affected by hydrometeorological disasters that are usually experienced in the state of Veracruz, Mexico. In the context of damages to property and infrastructure in the municipalities affected by such natural disasters and to develop resilience, a model that combines the problem of locating facilities with the problem of determining inventory levels for uncertain demand is developed, facilitating the timely supply of survival kits. The number of survival kits required is determined according to the needs of the affected people in terms of food products, equipment, water, and medicine. Requirements for food products and equipment are based on the human life cycle, from the stages of early childhood until old age; those for water and medicine on total demand. The model is tested in the Capital Region, one of the ten regions within Veracruz, because the municipalities that comprise the region have experienced numerous declarations of emergency registered in the Natural Disasters Fund. The Capital Region comprises 33 municipalities, 17 of which have experienced this type of declaration in 2016. Therefore, our model has been developed to determine the optimal location of a pre-positioned warehouse in the Naolinco municipality, including the optimal levels of inventory that would satisfy 99% of the affected population in this region. Our model can serve as a tool through which individuals involved in the decision-making process can select the locations that have not been impacted by the hydrometeorological events, including pre-positioned warehouses that in turn safely store the survival kits. This model can be utilized not only in Mexico but in any part of the world by individuals involved in the decision-making process associated with providing relief to affected people.
Synthesis of zapalog \(TMP-DANB-SLF)
Authors: Schwarz Thomas , Gutnick Amos , Banghart Matthew , West Emma
Published: May 2019

Protocol for synthesis of the photocleavable hetero-dimerizer zapalog (TMP-DANB-SLF). Adapted from: Gutnick A., Banghart M. R., West E. R., Schwartz T. L., "The light-sensitive dimerizer zapalog reveals distinct modes of immobilization for axonal mitochondria.", Nature Cell Biology (2019) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41556-019-0317-2
Shared Data Science Infrastructure for Genomics Data
Authors: Bagheri Hamid , Muppirala Usha , Masonbrink Rick , Severin Andrew J , Rajan Hridesh
Published: May 2019

Background: Creating a scalable computational infrastructure to analyze the wealth of information contained in data repositories is difficult due to significant barriers in organizing, extracting and analyzing relevant data. Shared data science infrastructures like Boa_g is needed to efficiently process and parse data contained in large data repositories. The main features of Boa_g are inspired from existing languages for data intensive computing and can easily integrate data from biological data repositories.

Results: As a proof of concept, Boa for genomics, Boa_g, has been implemented to analyze RefSeq’s 153,848 annotation (GFF) and assembly (FASTA) file metadata. Boa_g provides a massive improvement from existing solutions like Python and MongoDB, by utilizing a domain-specific language that uses Hadoop infrastructure for a smaller storage footprint that scales well and requires fewer lines of code. We execute scripts through Boa_g to answer questions about the genomes in RefSeq. We identify the largest and smallest genomes deposited, explore exon frequencies for assemblies after 2016, identify the most commonly used bacterial genome assembly program, and address how animal genome assemblies have improved since 2016. Boa_g databases provide a significant reduction in required storage of the raw data and a significant speed up in its ability to query large datasets due to automated parallelization and distribution of Hadoop infrastructure during computations.

Conclusions: In order to keep pace with our ability to produce biological data, innovative methods are required. The Shared Data Science Infrastructure, Boa_g, provides researchers a greater access to researchers to efficiently explore data in new ways. We demonstrate the potential of a the domain specific language Boa_g using the RefSeq database to explore how deposited genome assemblies and annotations are changing over time. This is a small example of how Boa_g could be used with large biological datasets.
Prevalence and causes of visual impairment and blindness in three ecological regions of Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Mohan Krishna , Sun Sunjuri Zhi Yu , Limbu Ben , Poudel Manish , Khanal Shankar Prasad , Pradhan Bandana , Shrestha Mangala
Published: May 2019

Background: Visual impairment and blindness are significant public health issues worldwide. The study aims to explore is the prevalence and causes of moderate to severe visual impairment and blindness across three ecological regions of Nepal.
Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in three districts covering all ecological regions of Nepal. Intensive training for health workers was provided to conduct door-to-door visits for visual acuity testing using Snellen chart and refer the abnormal cases for comprehensive ocular examination by technicians and ophthalmologists to diagnose and treat ocular morbidities. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS and Stata software.
Results: Altogether 5234 participants were enrolled in the study. The overall prevalence of moderate to severe visual impairment was 9.5% (4.7% in the Mountain district, 11.2% in the Hill district and 21.2% in the Tarai district), though the prevalence of MSVI was 1.5% in participants aged 15-49 years and 25.1% in those aged ≥50. The overall prevalence of blindness was 0.9%, and the prevalence of blindness in the 15-49 and ≥50 age groups was 0.2% and 2.3% respectively. Most cases of visual impairment and blindness (95.5%) were an avoidable cause, of which 93.7% were treatable and 1.8% were preventable. Overall, cataract was the leading cause of visual impairment and blindness (53.5%), followed by uncorrected refractive error (39.5%).
Conclusion: The prevalence of visual impairment and blindness varied significantly with age, ethnicity and locality. The correction of refractive error and cataract surgery would reduce nine in ten cases of moderate to severe visual impairment and blindness.
A systematic review of the effectiveness of preventive maternal programs delivered by non-dental professionals to control early childhood caries
Authors: George Ajesh , Sousa Mariana S , Kong Ariana C , Blinkhorn Anthony , Norrie Tiffany Patterson , Foster Jann , Dahlen Hannah , Ajwani Shilpi , Johnson Maree
Published: May 2019

Background: Early childhood caries is a common chronic childhood disease and maternal oral health is an important risk factor. Improving the oral health knowledge and practices of pregnant women/young mothers can positively influence the oral health of children and reduce their caries risk. Such preventative strategies have been undertaken by non-dental professionals producing mixed results encompassing various interventions across the perinatal period. However, no comprehensive review of these studies has been undertaken. The aim of this review was to assess the effectiveness of maternal oral health programs undertaken during the antenatal and/or postnatal period by non-dental health professionals to reduce early childhood caries.
Methods: A systematic search of five databases was undertaken using key search terms. Studies were included if they (a) involved quantitative study designs with a control; (b) were published in English; (c) reported on interventions delivered by non-dental professionals (d) delivered the intervention to expectant mothers or mothers with young infants up to 24 months; (e) measured outcomes when the child was under 5 years; (f) measured changes in oral health outcomes of children clinically and oral health behaviours of mothers or children. No restrictions were placed on the study quality and setting.
Results: Nine studies met the inclusion criteria and involved interventions delivered by diverse non-dental professionals across the antenatal (n=1), postnatal (n=6) and perinatal period (n=2). Most studies were of low methodological quality (n=6). The interventions focussed on oral health education (n=8), dental referrals (n=3) and oral health assessments (n=1). Interventions conducted in either the postnatal or antenatal periods showed meaningful improvements in children’s clinical and mother’s behavioural oral health outcomes. The outcomes appear to be sustained when a suite of interventions were used along with referral reminders. There were mixed results from interventions across the perinatal period.
Conclusions: Non-dental professionals can promote maternal oral health and reduce ECC in children by providing oral health education, risk assessment and referrals. Combining these interventions could provide a sustained improvement in oral health outcomes for children. However, more high-quality studies are needed to confirm whether the antenatal and/or postnatal period is best suited to deliver these interventions.
Discharge against medical advice and premature leave of neurological patients from an interdisciplinary emergency department: a retrospective observational study.
Authors: Hoyer Carolin , Stein Patrick , Alonso Angelika , Platten Michael , Szabo Kristina
Published: May 2019

Background: Discharge against medical advice (DAMA) or premature leave (PL) from the emergency department represent relevant medical problems with impact on patient safety and potential medicolegal consequences. They may also indicate structural or procedural problems in the ED. To date, no dedicated analysis of DAMA/PL exists for neurological patients presenting to the ED.
Methods: A retrospective observational study was performed of all patients with neurological complaints presenting to a German interdisciplinary emergency department between January and December 2017. DAMA/PL patients were compared to the total of patients who were admitted or discharged regularly (non-DAMA/PL).
Results: Of all neurological cases, 3% left against medical advice and 2.2% left prematurely. DAMA/PL patients were younger (p<.001), and their presentation was more frequently self-motivated (p<0.001. Waiting times did not differ between DAMA/PL and non-DAMA/PL patients (p=.166) but treatment duration was significantly shorter in the former (p<.001) Headaches, seizures and sensory deficits were the most frequent presenting symptoms in DAMA/PL patients, and in 56.1% of those presenting with a seizure had a history of epilepsy. The most common documented reason for leaving was the length of waiting time.
Conclusions: Both individual and structural/systemic reasons contribute to DAMA/PL in neurological patients. Optimization of pre-hospital assessment and the development of alternative models of care for patients with non-urgent conditions appear to be promising targets for future improvements regarding demand management and the direction of patient flow.
Comparison of InvisalignⓇ Aligners versus Fixed Appliance Treatment in pain perception: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Pereira Dinis , Machado Vanessa , Botelho João , Mendes José João , Delgado Ana Sintra
Published: May 2019

Background: This systematic review aimed to compare the pain discomfort levels between InvisalignⓇ aligners comparing with traditional fixed appliances at multiple time points, through Pain Visual Analog Scale (VAS).
Methods: Four electronic databases (Pubmed, Medline, CENTRAL and Scholar) were searched up to February 2019. There were no restrictions on year and publication status. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and case-control studies comparing pain perception through VAS in patients treated with Invisalign aligners and with labial appliances were included. Risk of bias within and across studies was assessed using Cochrane tool and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) approach. Random-effects meta-analysis were conducted. VAS score at 1, 3 and 7 days, and analgesic consumption was collected. Pairwise and Binary Random-Effects Meta-analyses were used to synthesize available data.
Results: At the initial search, a total of 87 articles were retrieved. Following the review protocol, 4 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included, with a total of 214 participants (139 females, 75 males). All studies were considered of high methodological quality. The results demonstrate that Invisalign aligners seems to be associated with significantly less pain than fixed appliances at 7 days after beginning the orthodontic treatment, although at 1 and 3 days the pain experience was similar in both orthodontics appliances. In regard to the type of material, SmartTrackⓇ aligners appear to give significantly better comfort for orthodontic patients than previous standard material, being that 3 days after appliance’s insertion this pain differential becomes significant, and this difference is more pronounced at 7 days.
Conclusion: Patients treated with Invisalign experience less pain discomfort than those treated with fixed appliances and consume less analgesics. Overall, Invisalign promotes better pain and discomfort experience for the patient in the course of orthodontic treatment. Larger RCTs are needed to definitely demonstrate these findings throughout the orthodontic treatment.
Improving Obesity Management Training in Family Medicine: Multi-methods evaluation of the 5AsT-MD Pilot Course
Authors: Luig Thea , Wicklum Sonja , Heatherington Melanie , Vu Albert , Li Shuai , Cameron Erin , Klein Doug , Sharma Arya M , LaFrance Rena , Connors Alison , Moniz Karen , Campbell-Scherer Denise
Published: May 2019

Background

Prevention and management of obesity is integral to family medicine. Yet, physicians lack training and confidence to effectively address weight concerns with patients. Quality, evidence-based obesity management training for family medicine residents is needed to better support patients. We developed a comprehensive course based on the 5As of Obesity Management™, a framework and suite of resources to improve residents’ knowledge and confidence in obesity counselling. This study aimed to understand the course’s impact on residents’ attitudes, beliefs, and confidence with obesity counselling.

Methods

The course combines lectures with a bariatric suit experience, standardized and in-clinic patient practice, and narrative reflections. Using a multi-methods design we measured changes in 42 residents’ attitudes, beliefs, and self-confidence and thematically analyzed the narrative reflections to understand residents’ experience with the course content and pedagogy.

Results

Following the course, residents reported improved attitudes towards people living with obesity and improved confidence for obesity counselling. Experiential learning proved crucial in increasing residents’ ability to empathically engage with patients and to critically reflect on implications for their practice.

Conclusion

The 5AsT-MD course has the potential to increase residents’ confidence and competency in obesity prevention and management. Findings reflect the utility of the 5As to improve residents’ confidence and competency in obesity management counselling.
Health systems readiness to provide geriatric friendly care services in Uganda: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ssensamba Jude Thaddeus , Mukuru Moses , Nakafeero Mary , Ssenyonga Ronald , Kiwanuka Suzanne N
Published: May 2019

Background

As ageing emerges as the next public health threat in Africa, there is a paucity of information on how prepared its health systems are to provide geriatric friendly care services. In this study, we explored the readiness of Uganda’s public health system to provide geriatric friendly care services in Southern Central Uganda.

Methods

Four districts with the highest proportion of old persons in Southern Central Uganda were purposively selected, and a cross section of 18 randomly selected health facilities (HFs) were visited and assessed for availability of key items deemed important for provision of geriatric friendly services; as derived from World Health Organization’s Age-friendly primary health care centres toolkit. Data was collected using an adapted health facility geriatric assessment tool, entered into Epi-data software and analysed using STATA version 14. Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn’s post hoc tests were conducted to determine any associations between readiness, health facility level and district.

Results

The overall readiness index was 16.92 (SD ±4.19) (range 10.8 - 26.6). This differed across districts; Lwengo 17.91 (SD ±3.15), Rakai 17.63 (SD ±4.55), Bukomansimbi 16.51 (SD ±7.18), Kalungu 13.74 (SD ±2.56) and facility levels; Hospitals 26.62, Health centers four (HCIV) 20.05 and Health centers three (HCIII) 14.80. Low readiness was due to poor scores with regard to; leadership (0%), financing (0%), human resources (1.7%) and health management information systems (HMIS) (11.8%) WHO building blocks. Higher level HFs were statistically significantly friendlier than lower level HFs (p= 0.015). The difference in readiness between HCIIIs and HCIVs was 2.39 (p=0.025).

Conclusion

There is low readiness of public health facilities to provide geriatric friendly care services in Uganda. This is due to gaps in all of the health system building blocks. There is a need for health system reforms in Uganda to adequately cater for service provision for old people if the 2020 global healthy ageing goal is to be met.
The value of miR-155 as a biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of lung cancer: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Shao Chuchu , Yang Fengming , Qin Zhiqiang , Jing Xinming , Shu Yongqian , Shen Hua
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background: In recent years, several studies have investigated the impact of miR-155 on the diagnosis and prognosis of LCa, but results of these researches were still controversial due to insufficient sample size. Thus, we carried out this systematic review and meta-analysis to figure out whether miR-155 could be a screening tool in the detection and prognosis of LCa.
Methods: A meta-analysis of 13 articles with 19 studies was performed by retrieving the PubMed, Embase and other bibliographic databases. We screened all correlated literaters until December 1st, 2018. For the diagnostic value of miR-155 in LCa, SEN, SPE, PLR, NLR, DOR and AUC were pooled to evaluate the accuracy of miRNA-155 in the diagnosis of LCa. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were performed to distinguish the potential sources of heterogeneity between studies. For the prognositic value of miR-155 in LCa, the pooled HRs and 95% CIs of miRNA-155 for OS and DFS/ PFS were calculated.
Results: For the diagnosis analysis of miR-155 in LCa, the pooled SEN and SPE were 0.82 (95% CI: 0.72-0.88) and 0.78 (95% CI: 0.71-0.84), respectively. Besides, the pooled PLR was 3.75 (95% CI: 2.76-5.10), NLR was 0.23 (95% CI: 0.15-0.37), DOR was 15.99 (95% CI: 8.11-31.52) and AUC was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.84-0.90), indicating a significant value of miR-155 in the LCa detection. For the prognostic analysis of miR-155 in LCa, up-regulated miRNA-155 expression was not significantly associated with a poor OS (pooled HR = 1.26, 95% CI: 0.66-2.40) or DFS/PFS (pooled HR = 1.28, 95% CI: 0.82-1.97).
Conclusions: This meta-analysis demonstrated that miR-155 could be used as a potential biomarker in the diagnosis of LCa but not an effective biomarker for predicting the prognosis of LCa. Furthermore, more well-designed researches with larger cohorts were warranted to confirm the value of miR-155 for the diagnosis and prognosis of LCa.
Keywords: lung cancer, miR-155, diagnosis, prognosis, biomarker
New Somatic Hybrid Mandarin Tetraploids Generated by Optimized Protoplast Fusion and Confirmed by Molecular Marker Analysis and Flow Cytometry
Authors: Ćalović Milica , Chen Chunxian , Yu Qibin , Orbović Vladimir , Gmitter Frederick G. , Grosser Jude W.
Published: May 2019

Six mandarin cultivars, Ponkan (Citrus reticulata), Willowleaf (Citrus deliciosa), Kinnow (Citrus nobilis × C. deliciosa), Murcott (purported C. reticulata × Citrus sinensis), W. Murcott [purported (C. reticulata × C. sinensis) × C. reticulata)], and Snack (purported C. reticulata hybrid), were used in protoplast fusion with different parental combinations to generate somatic hybrids. Sixty-five somatic regenerants were obtained using optimized formulation of enzymes and molecular weight of polyethylene glycol for improved protoplast yield and heterokaryon fusion rate, respectively. Flow cytometry was used to determine the ploidy level of somatic regenerants, and nuclear expressed sequence tag–simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers to determine their parental source. Of the 65 somatic regenerants, 46 were identified as autotetraploids, 18 allotetraploids, and one undefined. The EST-SSR markers also revealed that some ‘W. Murcott’ embryogenic callus lines that were presumed to be of nucellar origin were actually derived unexpectedly from individual ovules of zygotic origin. These mandarin-derived tetraploids are valuable as potential breeding parents for interploid crosses with an aim at seedlessness and easy-peeling traits.
Biochemical and Gene Expression Involved in Red Blush Color Development in ‘Ambrosia’ Apple
Authors: Toivonen Peter M.A. , Stoochnoff Jared , Usher Kevin , Lu Changwen , Wiersma Paul A. , Zhou Chunhua
Published: May 2019

The market value of the apple (Malus ×domestica Borkh.) cultivar Ambrosia is closely linked to the characteristic blush on the skin surface. For ‘Ambrosia’ orchards that produce consistently low levels of surface blush, the implementation of reflective rowcovering has improved surface coloration, but the reflected wavebands responsible for this enhanced color production have not been confirmed. This study consisted of two separate experiments: one conducted in the field to confirm reflective rowcovering efficacy and the other in a controlled environment cabinet to determine which waveband was enhancing red blush production. The red blush production in orchards with and without reflective rowcovering was then directly compared with the red blush produced on the surface of apples that were poorly colored at harvest and then exposed to visible, fluorescent, ultraviolet A (UVA), or ultraviolet B (UVB) light sources within the controlled environment chamber. Consequent analysis of the red blush color within the Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage a* and b* color space was conducted to evaluate the quality of the red blush pigment under each treatment in the field and the controlled environment chamber. The analysis revealed that the red blush that developed on apples from the reflective rowcover treatment most closely matched the red blush that developed in response to UVB exposure in the controlled environment cabinet. Further analysis of gene expression and anthocyanin contents in the ‘Ambrosia’ apples support the hypothesis that the primary driver for the characteristic red blush development, when reflective rowcovers are used, is increased exposure to UVB light.
Autonomía del Derecho Aduanero
Authors: Huamán Sialer Marco Antonio , Sifuentes Minaya Hada Consuelo
Published: May 2019

En el presente artículo se analiza la autonomía del Derecho Aduanero partiendo del estudio de una rama del Derecho en general; luego se analiza la autonomía del Derecho Aduanero en la doctrina precisando los fundamentos de aquellos autores que la reconocen y de los que le nieganautonomía. Asimismo se examinan las condiciones exigibles para considerar a una rama del Derecho como autónoma, para lo que se consideran las siguientes: autonomía científica, legislativa y pedagógica. Por último, se concluye si es autónomo o no el derecho aduanero.
A review of sustainable septage management strategies on the islands in Croatia
Authors: Margeta Jure
Published: May 2019

This paper analyzes the problem of septage management on Croatian islands in accordance with the circular economy framework. The systems approach methodology has been used to analyze management issues. A large number of individual housing facilities on Croatian islands are not connected to the public sewage system. As a solution to the requirements of the competent services, holding tanks are used which are largely permeable. Due to tourism activities the amount of wastewater seasonally varies considerably and in summer is up to 10 times higher than in winter. Such a situation creates major problems for property owners due to mostly uncontrolled disposing of septage, which endangers the environment and human health. Although the situation is improving by application of EU directives, due to poor population density septage management will remain a permanent problem. The EU legal framework requires that organic waste be disposed of in accordance with the principles of a circular economy. This also applies to septage. It has been found that simple and robust options are sustainable and the best choice for a small island environment. After appropriate treatment, septage becomes a resource that strengthens the viability of living on the islands.
Lung Cancer Surgery in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Surgical Selection Challenges and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Hardavella Georgia , Karampinis Ioannis , Styliara Panagiota , Kainis Ilias
Published: May 2019

Health care systems worldwide are commonly burdened with COPD and lung cancer and
subsequently much has been studied and learnt of the interdependence between these two clinical
entities. Lung cancer surgical treatment options in patients with severe COPD remain a clinical
challenge for the multidisciplinary team. Appropriate patient selection and prediction of
postoperative pulmonary complications aid in surgical decision making and informed patient
consent. In this review, we present an overview of surgical selection tools (lung function parameters,
risk stratification for postoperative pulmonary complications) and lung cancer clinical outcomes
(recurrence, survival) in patients with COPD undergoing lung cancer surgery.
Clinical Utility of the Ankle-Brachial Index and Toe Brachial Index in Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Authors: Ababneh Mutasem , Al Ayed Mousab Y. , Robert Asirvatham A. , Al Dawish Mohamed A.
Published: May 2019

Background:

This cross sectional study investigated the clinical use of the ankle-brachial
index (ABI) and toe brachial index (TBI) in 91 type 2 diabetic foot ulcer patients who visited the diabetic
foot clinic, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Saudi Arabia during July 2017 and January 2018.

Materials and Methods:

The ABI and TBI facilitated the detection of peripheral arterial disease (PAD)
and the patients’ medical records were used to collect the clinical and demographic variables. The variables
of duration (p = 0.047) and treatment (p = 0.046) of the ABI showed significant differences. Age (p
= 0.034) and duration (p = 0.001) were the factors related to the diagnosis of TBI by the “χ2” test.

Results:

From the TBI, 26.4% of the patients were found to have PAD, while the ABI showed that
21.8% of patients had the condition. However, no statistical significance was noted. From the regression
analysis, the variable duration of diabetes (≥ 20 years of age) was recognized as an independent
risk factor for TBI.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, it is recommended both the ABI and TBI to be used as screening tests for
PAD in diabetic foot ulcer patients.
Hypertension in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Novel Insights
Authors: Macut Djuro , Mladenović Violeta , Bjekić-Macut Jelica , Livadas Sarantis , Stanojlović Olivera , Hrnčić Dragan , Rašić-Marković Aleksandra , Milutinović Danijela Vojnović , Andrić Zoran
Published: May 2019

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disease in women during
reproductive age. It was shown that PCOS women are with high risk for dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance,
type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. These factors are considered to represent traditional
risk factors for the occurrence of cardiovascular disease. Observed increased risk for hypertension
in PCOS women seems to be associated with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. Both
conditions interfere with the endothelium-dependent vasodilatation mechanisms causing vascular
muscle wall hypertrophy. Obesity and insulin resistance are considered key factors for the alteration
of blood pressure in PCOS women. Higher cardiovascular risk is implicated in PCOS with aging
and its consequent association with both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The elements of
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) have an impact on endothelial dysfunction as a
marker of cardiovascular damage that could be modified is women with PCOS. Androgens and
components of RAAS are involved in the process of atherogenesis in PCOS women. Therefore, it is
hypothesized that spironolactone treatment could ameliorate endothelial dysfunction in PCOS
women. Recently it was shown that telmisartan, angiotensin II receptor antagonist poses insulinsensitizing
capacity to activate PPAR gamma and mediate favorable metabolic and reproductive
effects in hypertensive PCOS women.
Risk Factors for Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Bisciglia Andrea , Pasceri Vincenzo , Irini Diego , Varveri Antonio , Speciale Giulio
Published: May 2019

Background:

Several risk factors have been empirically linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular
disease. Some of them are therapeutically amenable to modification; while others are not.
Modifiable risk factors include physical inactivity, tobacco use, diet, “bad fats” in the blood, hypertension,
and being overweight; while non-modifiable risk factors include the patient’s family history,
the presence versus absence of diabetes mellitus, and demographic characteristics like age, gender,
ethnicity, and socio-economic status.

Methods:

In this article, we review those risk factors that are both clinically important and amenable
to change.

Conclusion:

To prevent cardiovascular disease, it is important to minimize modifiable risk factors,
like LDL cholesterol.
Virtual Screening of Anti-Cancer Compounds: Application of Monte Carlo Technique
Authors: Toropova Alla P. , Toropov Andrey A. , Benfenati Emilio , Leszczynska Danuta , Leszczynski Jerzy
Published: May 2019

Possibility and necessity of standardization of predictive models for anti-cancer activity are discussed. The
hypothesis about rationality of common quantitative analysis of anti-cancer activity and carcinogenicity is developed.
Potential of optimal descriptors to be used as a tool to build up predictive models for anti-cancer activity is examined
from practical point of view. Various perspectives of application of optimal descriptors are reviewed. Stochastic
nature of phenomena which are related to carcinogenic potential of various substances can be successfully detected
and interpreted by the Monte Carlo technique. Hypothesises related to practical strategy and tactics of the searching
for new anticancer agents are suggested.
Analytical Modeling on Vibration Analysis of Cracked Functionally Graded Plate Submerged in Fluid
Authors: Soni Shashank , Jain Nitin K. , Joshi Prasad V.
Published: May 2019

Background:

It is established that the vibration response of submerged structures is quite different than that calculated in vacuum. Therefore, the study of vibration characteristics of submerged plate structures is important for safety and its designing purpose.

Objective:

To investigate the fundamental frequency of partially cracked Functionally Graded (FG) submerged plate based on analytical approach.

Methods:

The governing differential equation of the cracked-submerged plate is derived based on Kirchhoff’s thin classical plate theory in conjunction with the potential flow theory. The line spring model is used to incorporate the effect of crack in the form of additional bending whereas the effect of fluid medium is incorporated in form fluids forces associated with inertial effects of its surrounding fluids. The Bernoulli’s equation and velocity potential function are used to define the fluid forces acting on plate surface.

Results:

An approximate solution for governing equation of coupled fluid-plate system is obtained by using the Galerkin’s method. For validation of the present results, they are compared with the existing results of the previous published work, which are in good agreements. New results for natural frequencies as affected by gradient index, crack length, level of submergence and immersed depth of plate are presented for Simply Supported (SSSS) boundary condition.

Conclusion:

It has been concluded that the presence of crack and fluidic medium significantly affect the natural frequencies of the plate. It is observed that the increase in the length of crack and level of submergence decreases the fundamental frequency. In this paper, few patents have been discussed.
Espectadores da condição humana em ambientes midiáticos
Authors: Lelo Thales Vilela
Published: May 2019

O artigo parte de discussões contemporâneas no campo dos estudos de mídia que problematizam a apatia dos espectadores em face de narrativas que retratam injustiças e tragédias humanitárias. Estas pesquisas identificam que a insensibilidade das audiências estaria também atrelada à desumanização da alteridade que povoa a paisagem midiática. Pretende-se abordar o tema evidenciando o caráter circunstancial da condição humana e os entraves às ações políticas calcadas exclusivamente em apelos morais. Na sequência é proposto um deslocamento teórico das formas de estruturação das reivindicações em direção à reconfiguração dos regimes de sensibilidade no campo perceptivo do espectador, possibilitando que vidas sistematicamente violadas possam ser enfim percebidas como humanamente cognoscíveis.