bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
2760 – Grammatical Deficits in Persian and English-Speaking Autistic Children: Similarities and Differences
Authors: Taghva N. , Mahabadi S.
Published: July 2013

A common feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is language impairment. But the existing similarities and differences of language impairment among autistic children worldwide have not been thoroughly analyzed. Recognizing such similarities and differences can lead to possible interventions designed for autistic children to target their specific language deficits and help them to communicate more efficiently. This study is an attempt to explore similarities as well as differences between Persian and English languages. It starts with a review of research, which was conducted mainly among English-speaking children and proceeds with a qualitative research (including semi-structured interviews and focus groups with specialists as well as children's mothers) conducted in a center for treatment of autistic disorders in Iran. The result reveals that Persian-speaking autistic children like English-speaking ones suffer from grammatical, pragmatic and verbal-sematic deficits, but certain differences can be noticed due to the linguistic differences between languages. The existing differences are specifically in the realm of grammatical deficit which itself is comprised of tense problems, subject/verb agreement problems (since Persian is a pro-drop language) and misuse of diectic terms. These three areas are further elaborated via relevant examples.
2761 – The Role of Central Neuropeptides in Weight Gain Caused by Olanzapine
Authors: Sezlev D. , Ak M. , Yanık T. , Kursungoz C. , Akarsu S. , Sutcigil L.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

The mechanism of weight gain due to treatment with olanzapine, a serotonin receptor antagonist, has not been fully understood. Weight gain and food intake are under the control of neuropeptides/hormones, POMC (proopiomelanocortin), CART (cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript), AgRP (Agouti-related peptide) and NPY (neuropeptide Y) that are synthesized and secreted from the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of hypothalamus.

Objectives and methods:

In this study, the altereration of the ARC neuropeptide/hormone levels in rats were determined as one of the weight gain mechanism. To examine olanzapine's weight gain effects, olanzapine was orally administrated to 10 healthy male Wistar rats to analyze both the hypotalamic gene expression and peripheral levels of those candidate neuropeptides.

Results and conclusions:

Food consumption was found to be increased and hypotalamic mRNA levels of NPY, AgRP and POMC were decreased while CART levels did not show any alteration. Consistent with the expression data, circulating levels of NPY, AgRP and α-MSH decreased significantly but CART levels were also reduced unexpectedly. in conclusion, it may be presumed that the antagonistic effect of olanzapine on the ARC neurons might be the basis for a disregulation of the neurohormones secretion which may cause weight gain due to olanzapine therapy.
2762 – Life Style in Adhd Children - Comparative Study
Authors: Ptacek R. , Kuzelova H. , Kolyukh O.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the ADHD is the most commonly diagnosed behavioral disorder of childhood. It affects about 3 - 5% of school aged children. ADHD is diagnosed more often in boys than in girls. ADHD has a wide range of symptoms. It may affect cognitive and executive functions; it may also lead to behavioral problems and further psychiatric symptoms and disorders. Currently it has been hypothesized that ADHD may also lead to specific lifestyle that is influenced by core symptoms of ADHD. This specific lifestyle may negatively influence or even induce further mental and somatic problems.

Objectives and aims:

The aim of the study was to compare lifestyle of ADHD and non ADHD boys in age of 6 - 10 years.

Methods:

We have assessed a group of ADHD boys (n=50) and non ADHD boys (n=50) with structured interview oriented to life style in nutrition and health and free time and social life.

Results:

In our pilot study we identified that lifestyle of ADHD boys substantially differs from non ADHD boys - in most of all monitored areas, especially in nutrition and way of spending free time. ADHD life style is characterized by lower level of organization.

Conclusions:

Upon the presented study we may suggest that ADHD may lead to specific lifestyle that is characterized by lack of organization and stability. This may lead to further mental or even somatic problems. Clinicians and researchers should pay more attention to these questions.
2764 – Valproic Acid Induced Hyperammonemic Encephalopathy: Report of One Case
Authors: Annagur B.B. , Sayin A.A. , Akbaba N. , Selvi Y.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Valproate (VPA) is widely used for acute and maintenance therapy of bipolar disease and it is the most prescribed drug for epilepsy treatment worldwide. VPA-induced hyperammonemia is a serious and unusual advers effect of VPA treatment.

Objectives:

We aimed to describe the 20 year-old-woman bipolar case of VPA induced hyperammonemic encephalopaty with therapeutic VPA levels and normal liver functions.

Methods:

The case will be discussed.

Results:

The patient complained of confusion, disorientation, somnolance, agitation and slurred speech at the end of the first week of VPA treatment. VPA blood level was 116.5 μg/mL (N:50-125) and ammonia level was 237 μmol/L (N:10-50). Other laboratory tests including serum transaminases (both ALT and AST) and coagulation profile (PT, PTT and INR) were normal. After discontinuation of VPA treatment and hydration, these symptoms have disappeared dramatically. After 24 hours, blood ammonia level was 80 μmol/L and patient returned the baseline mental status.

Conclusions:

Hyperammonemia occurs due to inhibition of mitochondrial enzymes in the urea cycle by valproic acid. Hyperammonemia and encephalopathy can develop even at therapeutic concentrations without elevated liver function enzymes. Clinicians should be aware that VPA- induced hyperammonemia and encephalopathy is still one of the most feared side effects of VPA which may require emergent management.
2766 – Evaluation of Submucous Resection Without Turbinectomy on Subjective Sleep Quality, Daytime and Dream Anxiety in Patients with Nasal Septal Deviation: A Prospective, Single-Blind, Consecutive Trial
Authors: Gulec T.C. , Yoruk O. , Gulec M. , Selvi Y. , Boysan M. , Oral E. , Yucel A. , Mazlumoglu M.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Sleep plays a vital role in both mental and physical functioning. Sleep disturbances are not only associated with psychiatric disorders, but also with many chronic physical conditions.

Objective:

The aim of this report was to assess the frequency of poor sleep quality, daytime and dream anxiety and their response to subsequent surgical treatment for a representative group of 68 patients with nasal septum deviation.

Methods:

Nasal airflows and airway resistances were measured employing rhinomanometry and the participants were also asked to fill in Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and Van Dream Anxiety Scale directly before the submucous resection without turbinectomy and two months later.

Results:

Repeated measure analyses of variance models showed that patients reported significantly lower scores of poor sleep quality, daytime anxiety, and as well as dream anxiety after surgical treatment (p< .01).

Conclusions:

Nasal septal surgery might have beneficial effects on sleep variables in patients with deviation.
2772 – Legal and Psychological Correlations of Aggressive Behaviors in Schizophrenia
Authors: Dutczak E. , Dutczak B. , Bidzan L.
Published: July 2013

Aggressive behaviors in schizophrenia generate interest not only experts taking care of treatment, but also lawyers and public opinion. For the best part of society incidence of aggressive behaviors suggest that aggressive person is mentally ill. This oversimplification is one of the most important factors which lead to stigmatization and social isolation patients suffering from schizophrenia. Researches indicate that acts of aggression occur more often in the course of schizophrenia than in another mental disorders and it is being connected with psychopathological symptoms, personality traits and social environment. Sparse data suggest also as a reason of it worse functioning of frontal lobes in these patients, which may manifest itself in the form of emotional disturbances. The most typical symptom in this domain is liability of mood leading which can lead to aggressive behaviors. in the literature, however, there is no model that would explain precisely connection of all of these factors with aggression in schizophrenia.

Based on the results obtained to the correlates of aggression, understood as a possible cause of violent behavior in schizophrenia, we developed four models regarding to the treatment and the legal aspects of dealing with excited and aggressive patient. in our studies we included the proceedings after receiving the approval of the patient, in the case of not getting permission (approval) - after obtaining permission the court, or - in urgent cases - after receiving a positive opinion of two psychiatrists or a psychiatrist in consultation with the psychologist.
2783 – Distress Level and Treatment Outcome in Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD)
Authors: Enero C. , Soler A. , Ramos I. , Cardona S. , Guillamat R. , Valles V.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Previous research has linked OCPD with increased distress levels that may lead to differences in treatment response.

Objectives:

The present study aimed to investigate the influence of pre-treatment distress on patient's response to groupbased cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for OCPD.

Methods:

116 out-patients who met DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria for OCPD completed a pre-treatment assessment including BDI, STAI, STAXI-2, GRAI and Rosemberg Self-Esteem Scale. Pre-treatment distress was operationalized as depression and anxiety levels.

Intervention was comprised of ten group sessions including psychoeducation, specific CBT techniques and relapse prevention. in order to assess treatment response after intervention, the sample was divided in two groups:

1)

discharged patients -responders and

2)

patients who needed to continue treatment -non responders.

Assessment scores were compared using t test in order to analyze differences between groups. The extent to which potential predictor variables were related to treatment response was assessed using logistic regression.

Results:

Results showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in depressed mood and state anxiety scores between responder and non-responder groups. Initial variable selection for logistic regression model included age, sex, depression, anxiety, anger, assertiveness and selfesteem scores. The final model included state anxiety as a significant predictor of treatment response.

Conclusions:

Our findings indicate that responder patients had lower pre-treatment distress levels than non-responder patients and that state anxiety score is a significant predictor of group-based CBT response in OCPD. According to this, pretreatment distress levels might be considered for treatment planning, despite more research in this direction would be necessary.
2790 – Management of Elderly Patients Consulting in Psychiatry: Critical Thinking about the Study of 159 Cases
Authors: Ammar Y. , Ben Thabet J. , Gassara I. , Charfi N. , Zouari N. , Zouari L. , Gaha L. , Mâalej M.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

The prescription of psychotropic drugs in the elderly is more common. Doses are increasingly high, with frequent recourse to a combination therapy.

Objective:

Our purpose was to describe treatment strategies in elderly patients consulting in psychiatry, in order to confront them with the latest recommendations.

Methods:

Our study was retrospective and descriptive. It involved all elderly patients aged more than 60 years, who had consulted for the first time in psychiatry since January 2010 until December 2011. We collected, for each patient, the sociodemographic data, the diagnosis(es), the treatment(s), the side effects and the illness evolution under treatment.

Results:

We collected 159 cases of elderly patients, representing 6.07% of all the consultants in psychiatry during the period of the study. Their average age was 73 with a sex-ratio (M/F) of 1.13.

Dementia and mood disorders were the most common diagnoses (respectively 40.2% and 34.6%).

As far as drug therapies are concerned, an antidepressant was prescribed to 95 patients (59.7%); an antipsychotic was prescribed to 55.3%. A tranquillizer was prescribed to 40.8%. A combination therapy made of at least two different families of psychotropic drugs was prescribed to 55.9% of the patients. None of the patients benefited from psychotherapy.

Conclusion:

Our study showed that the treatment strategy of the elderly consulting in psychiatry in the area of the study was not in accordance with the latest recommendations.
2791 – General Knowledge of Home Caring for Eldery Patients with Dementia
Authors: Felc Z. , Sajtl S.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Most eldery patients with dementia are cared for at their home by family members, usually elderly spouses.

Objectives:

Important mission at associations for help at dementia is to facilitate public access to the most credible and up-to-date information on home caring of patients with dementia.

Aims:

To determine how much Slovenian community health workers and other adults know about home caring of patients with dementia.

Methods:

Hundered and twenty adult Slovenian e-mail users participated in a survey using a questionnaire consisting of 12 questions regarding dementia during May and August 2009. Questionaires were filled-out by 60 community health workers (mean age = 40.00, SD = 11.77, range 22–67), and 60 other adults (mean age = 44.27, SD = 16.20, range 23–83; t = 1.651; p > 0.05).

Results:

Community health workers were more knowledgeable and the other adults were the least knowledgeable on the subject of home caring of patients with dementia (3.03 v. 2.18, p < 0.01). Differences in responses between community health workers in other adults are shown in order of significance:

(a)

finding help and professional support (49.6% v. 35.6%);

(b)

setting a positive mood of interaction (28.8% v. 33.9%); and

(c)

responding with affection and reassurance (7.2% v. 11.6%).

Conclusions:

Findings suggest that there appeared to be gaps in knowledge in dementia among the community health workers and general public. As care of eldery patients with dementia shifts into their home, education is needed to increase the public awareness of dementia.
2793 – A Multicenter Tractography Study of Structural Connectivity in Bipolar Disorder and Effects of Psychotic Features
Authors: Sarrazin S. , Poupon C. , Linke J. , Wessa M. , Phillips M. , Delavest M. , Versace A. , Almeida J. , Guevara P. , Duclap D. , Duchesnay E. , Mangin J.-F. , Le Dudal K. , Daban C. , Hamdani N. , D’Albis M.-A. , Leboyer M. , Houenou J.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

A number of studies have investigated white matter abnormalities in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) using diffusion tensor imaging. However, tractography studies yielded heterogeneous results partly due to small sample sizes.

Aims:

In this work we aimed to study white matter abnormalities using whole-brain tractography in a large multicenter sample of patients with BD I with and without psychotic features.

Objectives:

To compare mean generalized fractional anisotropy (GFA) along deep white matter tracts between patients with BD with a positive history of psychosis during illness phases, no such history and healthy controls.

Methods:

We acquired diffusion-weighted MRI for 118 patients with BD I and 86 healthy controls using the same acquisition parameters and scanning hardware. We used Q-ball imaging tractography and an automatized segmentation technique to reconstruct 22 known deep white matter tracts and to obtain the mean GFA along each tract.

Results:

Patients with BD had lower GFA values than controls along the corpus callosum (body and splenium), the left cingulum and the left arcuate fasciculus, when controlling for age, gender and acquisition site. All results with an exception for the long fibers of the left cingulum were driven by patients with a positive history of psychotic symptoms.

Conclusions:

We demonstrated a reduced integrity of interhemispheric, limbic and arcuate white matter tracts in patients with BD I. Further, interhemispheric pathways were more disrupted in patients with psychotic symptoms, underscoring the role of interhemispheric connectivity in the pathophysiology of BD with psychosis.
2800 – Alexithymia and Functional Somatic Symptoms Among Chinese Adolescents: Is Somatosensory Amplification a Moderator or Mediator?
Authors: Tam B.K.H. , Wong W.S.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Research consistently has evidenced the association among alexithymia, somatosensory amplification (SA) and functional somatic symptoms (FSS). Yet, the underlying mechanism of such relationship has not been explored among Chinese adolescents. This study aims to evaluate whether SA exerts a moderating or mediating effect on the alexithymia-FSS link.

Methods:

Analyses were based on 269 adolescents with mild to severe depressive symptoms (Center of Epidemiological Studies—Depression Scale (CES-D)>15) recruited from a school-based study. They completed the Somatosensory Amplification Scale (ChSAS), the Somatic symptom subscale of CES-D and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-Short form (TAS-9-C). Three facets of alexithymia (difficulty identifying feelings (DIF), difficulty describing feelings (DDF) and externally-oriented thinking (EOT)) were force-entered in each univariate regression model. Facets of alexithymia that were found significant (p < 0.05) were subsequently included in regression models to test the mediating and moderating effects of SA on FSS.

Results:

Results of hierarchical regression analysis found that both DIF (standardized β = 0.37, p < 0.001) and DDF (standardized β = 0.12, p = 0.043) were significant predictors of somatic symptoms. A moderate mediating effect was observed for SA on the DIF-somatic symptoms (Sobel test z = 2.13, p = 0.03). The results also showed a significant moderating effect of DIF×SA on somatic symptoms (standardized β = 0.49, p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

SA qualifies as a mediator and a moderator between alexithymia and FSS. It indicated that adolescents with alexithymia are likely to report more FSS due to the tendency to amplify their somatic sensation. These results suggest that alexithymia-specific psychotherapeutic methods should be further developed using emotional validation and processing techniques.
2812 – Pattern of Comorbidities in Indian Children and Adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Palaniappan P. , Seshadri S. , Girimaji S.C. , Srinath S.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

A retrospective study in India had showed high rate of comorbid disruptive disorders in children with Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, but not depression and anxiety disorders as opposed to western literature. Studies using structured assessment tools are lacking in Indian population and thus valid data on prevailing pattern of comorbidities in ADHD children is lacking.

Aims:

To study the pattern of co-morbidities in Indian children & adolescents (subjects) with ADHD and to compare the degree of functional impairment between ADHD subjects with and without comorbidities.

Methods:

60 consecutive subjects aged 6 to 16 years diagnosed as ADHD based on DSM IV TR were recruited with informed consent, from a tertiary care centre during a period of 6 months. Kiddie-SADS - PL was applied to identify comorbidities in these subjects. Global functioning was assessed by Children Global Assessment scale (CGAS) in all these subjects.

Results:

55% of recruited subjects had comorbidity, the most highly prevalent lifetime disorder being Oppositional Defiant disorder (25%), followed by conduct disorder (13.3%), Bipolar affective disorder (13.3%), Major depressive disorder (10%), Communication disorder (10%), Substance use disorder (8.4%), Obsessive compulsive disorder (8.3%), Tic disorder (5.4%), Learning disorder (5%), Elimination disorder (3.3%), Social phobia (1.7%) and Separation anxiety disorder (1.7%). Subjects with comorbidities had poorer global functioning (41.58 ± 0.45) when compared to ADHD subjects without comorbidities (47.67 ± 8.57) (p = 0.018).

Conclusions:

Our study points out that Comorbid disorders like anxiety disorders are not as low as projected by the earlier Indian studies.
2817 – Pica: Nosographical and Psychopathological Aspects
Authors: Iorio G. , Prisco V. , Iorio N.
Published: July 2013

In published studies, clinical explanations about Pica are limited to examine diagnostic pattern or to underline relation with other psychopathological problems, ignoring the dynamic development of the illness.

Considering that a definition of general psychopathology needs to respect the specific characteristics of single cases, we studied the anamnesis and the physic exam of a woman, that we saw in outpatient regimen, showing a Pica, associated to a OCD.

The Authors, after examining a clinical case of OCD, associated to Pica syndrome, analyse psychopathological development of the symptomatology in its complex, refuting some statements of published studies, that include Pica within obsessivecompulsive disorder spectrum. on the contrary, they think the coexistence of the two symptomatologies simply as an expression of a comorbidity. So, we thought a more careful knowledge in psychic development of the examined woman, and her life events, would let us perform a more appropriate psychopathological evaluation, and perhaps a different diagnostic assessment.

We knew, than, that it surely would not be a single case to enlighten us for a new aetiological hypothesis about Pica. We were also interested in understanding better why it seemed too restrictive circumscribing this problem within obsessive syndromes. From these remarks, we think it right to include Pica syndrome within eating disorders, with a particular element, related to the ingestion of non edible substances. Our task is not only to label symptoms, but above all to understand, because it is only from a right comprehension that can result a therapeutic response suitable and effective.
2825 – Treatment Protocols in Hospitalized Bipolar Patients
Authors: Erdem M. , Akarsu S. , Bolu A. , Çelik C. , Özmenler K.N.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

In the treatment of bipolar disorder, mood stabilizers (MS), antipsychotics (AP), antidepressants (AD) and anxiolytics can be used according to the type and severity of the episode.

Aim:

The frequency of somatic and pharmacological treatments in hospitalized bipolar patients were investigated in this study.

Methods:

In this study the data of 108 bipolar type I patients who were admitted to psychiatry clinic of a university hospital due to manic episode between 2007–2009 were examined.

Results:

The rate of the treatments for mania was %6.6 for MS, %88.8 for MS + AP and %4.4 for AP. For depressive episode it was %33.3 for MS+AD, %38.8 for MS+AP, %38.8 for MS+AD+AP. Lithium (55.5%) and valproic acid (42.5%) were the most preferred MS drugs. Average dose was 1330 ± 43.2 for lithium and 1118 ± 27.9 mg / day for valproic acid. Most frequently (46.2%) preferred antipsychotics was Olanzapine. Average dose was 16.1 ± 0.8 mg / day. 12.9% of the patients had received electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) at an average of 9.7 ± 5.2 sequences.

Conclusions:

Lithium treatment in bipolar disorder seems to be first choice for the treatment and prevention of acute episodes. There is an increase in the using of the atypical antipsychotics as mood stabilizers. ECT may be an effective method for patients who do not respond to medications. Considering the diagnosis of patients hospitalized in our clinic, drug selection and treatment modalities were consistent with treatment guidelines.
2831 – Addictive Behaviours and Criminal Offences in Patients with Bipolar Disorders
Authors: Ben Houidi A. , Jomli R. , Elloumi H. , Ouanes S. , Nacef F.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Several studies suggest mental disorders and substance misuse to be associated with a higher rate of violence and crime.

The aim of this study was to determinate the correlation between addictive behaviours and criminal offences in patients suffering from bipolar disorder.

Methods:

Twenty-eight subjects with bipolar disorder were recruited from the forensic psychiatry service in Razi hospital and each one was compared with two patients suffering from bipolar disorder, correlated in gender and age and without history of criminal behavior. Data were analyzed using SPSS 11.5

Results:

The most frequent crimes committed by patients (about two thirds) were nonviolent (theft, pyromania, fraud, falsification of documents, damage to a property…).

The rate of criminal behavior was highest during manic episodes: 51, 7%.

Substance use was present in 66,7% of patients with history of criminal behavior against 30% in the comparative group.

This association was significant (p = 0,002). The odds ratio was about 5.

Conclusions:

Our study suggests that comorbid bipolar disorder and addictive behavior may significantly increase the risk of criminality.
2832 – Chronic Renal Failure and Sexual Functioning
Authors: Ben Houidi A. , Jomli R. , Ouanes S. , Nacef F.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Sexual function is one aspect of physical functioning. Sexual dysfunction, no matter the etiology, could cause distress. in people with chronic renal failure, sexual problems have often been neglected in clinical practice and research. The aim of this study was to assess the sexual functioning of patients with chronic renal failure.

Methods:

A total of 50 patients with chronic renal failure on hemodialysis were included in this study. The questionnaire included thirty items: sociodemographic data, clinical factors and history, sexual functioning before and after hemodialysis. Data were analyzed using SPSS 17.

Results:

Twenty seven per cent (27%) of the patients stated having no sexual activity at all. Eighty-three per cent (83%) of sexually active patients had sexual dysfunction. Sexual dysfunction in men was due to erectile failure, to loss of sexual interest, and to fatigue. Women reported essentially asthenia, loss of sexual interest and finally dyspareunia. These disorders appeared on average three years after being on hemodialysis.

Conclusions:

The prevalence of sexual dysfunction was high among patients with chronic renal failure. This disorder needs special attention and management from doctors.
2836 – Self Harm in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Ulhaq S. , Redelinghuys J.
Published: July 2013

Our model:

All children presenting to the Paediatric department at Ealing Hospital with self harm are admitted for joint assessment by the Ealing Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service (CAMHS) and Social Services within the next working day. This protocol is based on NICE guidance on the acute assessment and management of children presenting with self harm (NICE guidance 2004).

Aim:

To conduct an audit of all self harm referrals to Ealing CAMHS and explore adherence to the existing protocol for referral of paediatric inpatients presenting with self harm to the CAMHS team.

Methodology:

A retrospective audit was conducted between the period 1st April 2011 to 31st March 2012.

Results:

67 self harm referrals were received. Presentations ranged as below:

Presentation Number

Self Poisoning 27

Cutting 5

Suicidal/self harm ideation 6

Attempted jump from height 1

Alcohol intoxication 26

Cannabis intoxication 2

57 cases were assessed; 40 jointly with Social Services. 55 cases were assessed within the next working day. 10 cases were not assessed however telephone contact was made and our service offered in 9. Ealing CAMHS followed up 22 cases. 4 were offered follow up by our service but declined. We had a 100% adherence rate to follow up with no repeat presentations.

Recommendations:

To disseminate our findings to our Paediatrician colleagues and colleagues in social services and re-audit in 12 month's time. Our model is simple and can be adopted in other centres.
2838 – Changes Over Time of Psychological Distress of Internally Displaced Persons Affected by Violent Conflict in Indonesia
Authors: Saragih Turnip S.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Violent conflict in Mollucas, Indonesia which started in 1999 had displaced more than 500.000 of the province's inhabitants and claimed more than 10.000 lives. The conflict was believed to be mainly a religious war between Christian and Moslem. Despite of the dangerous situation in the province, most of the inhabitants did not leave the province. After a short peaceful condition, another episode of conflict started in 2004.

Objective:

This paper aims to investigate the difference of psychological distress and the risk factors of psychological distress of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) within the shorter period after the outbreak of conflict in 2004 and in the longer period.

Methods:

Data were gathered from a longitudinal community based study conducted among internally displaced persons in Ambon island for two consecutive years in 2005 and in 2006. The number of IDP participants was 471 in 2005 and 399 in 2006. Data from 390 participants was analyzed.

Results:

There was a significant decrease in prevalence of psychological distress between 2005 and 2006, and the mean of psychological distress scores also was significantly lowered. in general the participants indicated improvement in mental health within one year interval of data collection time. Further investigation found different risk factors for psychological distress for shorter and longer period from the outbreak of the violent conflict.

Conclusion:

This study explored the mental health of people affected by violent conflict in a more extensive way. Mental health initiatives were crucial in the process of rebuilding communities after devastating conflict.
2842 – Asenapine in a Sample of Bipolar Patients: Ossevational Study
Authors: Preve M. , Favaretto E. , Schifferle I. , Basaglia C. , Schwitzer J.
Published: July 2013

Asenapine is a new generation antipsychotic that has proven effective in the treatment of manic or mixed episodes in patients with bipolar I disorder in two studies in 3 weeks. The aim of our study was to evaluate the response asenapine in a group of bipolar patients in manic phase and / or mixed in a period of about 2 months.

A group of bipolar inpatients (n = 18) in manic or mixed states are assessed with: SCID-P for Axis I diagnosis, YMRS, HRSD and CGI respectively at, 3 weeks and 2 months and discontinuation of therapy. The administration of asenapine was carried out according to technical data sheet. The mean dose of asenapine was administered daily to 10 mg. There is no statistically significant difference in the socio-demographic characteristics of the sample of patients who continued treatment with asenapine compared to those who discontinued treatment. 27.78% of patients discontinued asenapine to 3 weeks (nonresolution of depressive symptoms but not manic). 27.78% of patients achieved benefit and completed the study. 16.67% of patients exit from the study for extrapyramidal effects. The main side effects were somnolence, insomnia, akathisia.
2843 – The Problem of Side Effects in Psychotherapy: Adverse Treatment Reactions or Unwanted Events
Authors: Fricchione V.P.
Published: July 2013

The side effects of drugs are deemed so important that their pubblication are strictly regulated by national health agency. But no one agency requires such warnings connected to other mental health treatment including Psychotherapy. in contrast to all pharmacotherapy studies in groups of patients, there is precious little information about the safety of psychotherapeutic interventions, which are also, in some patients and in some instances, associated with adverse events that need to be noted. Actually empirical research on the negative effects of psychotherapy is largely insufficient, partly there is a lack of theoretical concept on how to define, classify and assess psychotherapy adverse effects. This is a badly understudied issue, but of high clinical relevance, given that these treatments are so frequently recommended for the management of patients with psychopathological problems. and while there are many different forms of psychotherapy, virtually all of them share the matter discussed in this paper. Unfortunately, many psychotherapists won’t discuss or acknowledge about side effects, despite they occour all the time. Some plausible definitions are considered as “unwanted events”, “adverse treatment reactions”, “deterioration of illness”, “malpractice reactions”, “treatment emergent reactions”, “treatment non response”, “therapeutic risks”, “controindications”. Now that psychotherapy has become an accepted and effective treatment option within the health care community, researchers and therapists need to do a better job of describing and examining the negative side effects of psychotherapy. Recognition of adverse treatment effects have to be a characteristic of good therapists and treatments, to improve the quality of care.
2848 – Second Generation Antipsychotic-Induced Weight Alteration
Authors: Ron Wan N. , Silva A. , Pequeno M.d.L. , Ropero Peláez J. , Gonçalves J. , Taniguchi S.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Atypical antipsychotics are frequently associated with increased risk of weight gain as side effect.

Objective:

To compare body weigh alteration in psychotic disorder patients undergoing atypical neuroleptics therapy.

Methods:

This study included 37 patients with mean age of 35,14 ± 1,57 years old, enrolled in a public mental health service with psychotic disorders related to the use of illicit drugs and schizophrenia.

Results:

Patients treated with atypical neuroleptics such as olanzapine (11) 0,28 mg/kg/day, clozapine (7) 1,56 mg/kg/day and risperidone (10) 0,031 mg/kg/day, were evaluated. Haloperidol (9) 0,072 mg/kg/day, as typical neuroleptics was also studied. Neuroleptics’ treatment period was 126,97 ± 20,93 days and the patients inicial body weight mean was 67,63 ± 2,13 kg.

Increase of body weight of 1,79 ± 0,72 kg was observed for patients receiving haloperidol, compared with olanzapine 10,37 ± 1,74 kg, clozapine 3,6 ± 2,10 kg and risperidone 1,21 ± 0,90 kg in the end of evaluation period.

These increase of body weight calculated in g/day were 31,68 ± 1,83 g/day for haloperidol, 99,54 ± 25,55 g/day for olanzapine, 27,44 ± 13,35 g/day for clozapine and 13,11 ± 1,40g/day for risperidone.

Increase of body weight index (BWI) at the end of the period of analysis was 0,66 ± 0,25 for haloperidol, 3,59 ± 0,63 for olanzapine, 1,52 ± 0,90 for clozapine and 0,40 ± 0,35 for risperidone.

These BWI increases identified per day were 0,011 ± 0,0038 for haloperidol, 0,034 ± 0,0085 for olanzapine, 0,011 ± 0,0057 for clozapine and 0,0039 ± 0,0055 for risperidone.

Conclusions:

Although haloperidol, olanzapine, clozapine and risperidone act blocking serotonin receptors conducting to body weight gain, they probably act with different intensity degree of blockage.
2851 – Drinking Behavior and Academic Performance: Direct Link or Just a Hike?
Authors: Welcome M.O. , Pereverzev V.A.
Published: July 2013

The negative effect of alcohol use on academic performance has been reported in several studies. The results of our research conducted for the past half-decade show that before the start of alcohol use, students who were then abstainers had a better academic performance. However, conducted statistical analysis used in several studies had been a bidirectional approach which limits conclusion on the negativity of alcohol use on academic performance. Although a cause-effect relation might be there, bidirectional or bivariate approach does confirm this kind of relationship. Critics have argued that not only alcohol use can result in reduction in academic performance, the opposite might be the case too. Besides, other factors might also affect academic performance. in this present study, we further confirm in a sample of university students using regression analysis that alcohol use result in reduction of academic performance.
2858 – Handicap and Quality of Life
Authors: Jomli R. , Zgueb Y. , Ouanes S. , El-Hechmi S. , Nacef F.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Dependence caused by motor impairment negatively impacts on the quality of life.

Objectives:

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To assess the quality of life in people with motor disabilities

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To identify the most impaired quality of life domains in our population

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To describe the advantages as well as the limitations of using the WHOQOL-100 scale in our context

Methods:

We carried out an epidemiological, cross-sectional and descriptive study in a population consisting of 60 consenting patients aged over 18, suffering from major motor disabilities. The following questionnaires were administered:

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A sociodemographic and identification questionnaire.

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A questionnaire designed to explore and characterize the motor disability.

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The WHO quality of life questionnairein its full 100-item version (WHOQOL-100).

Results:

Sixty people aged from 16 to 87 years were included. Only 8% were legally recognized invalid and received a disability allowance. Approximately one third of subjects did not have any health insurance, 53% of subjects lived at home and 47% lived in institutions. The overall mean score of quality of life for all domains ranged between 46.63 and 74.9. All domains of quality of life were altered except for spirituality. The level of impairment was comparable to that in stroke or in end-stage renal disease. The domain with the lowest score was sexual activity.

Conclusions:

The quality of life of disabled people is multifactorial; it often entangles with many variables, especially the severity of the disability, the place of residence and the possibly associated depression.
2863 – Glycemic Allostasis in the Sober - What Happens When the Mental Sphere is Overloaded?
Authors: Welcome M.O. , Pereverzev V.A.
Published: July 2013

While several studies have noted that moderate alcohol use reduces type 2 diabetes risk, the effect of moderate drinking (even in a sober person) on glycemia might be disastrous in condition of high mental control. This study aims to analyze the effect of intensive mental activities on glycemic allostasis in the sober. Young sober males and total abstainers (20-29yrs) volunteered for the study, after consenting. in a period of 6.5 hrs of intensive mental activities (MA) on fasting, participants completed various tests, tasks and questionnaires (STAI, Neuropsychic Adaptation Test, Mental-Performance tasks, etc.), in different phases. The results of this study show increase in glycemia in all participants during the first 4 hrs of MA (P< 0.01) in relation to their initial level. Thereafter, a fall in glycemia was noted only among the sober. After 6 hrs of MA, glycemic level was not different from the initial level, although was less compared to the level after 2&4 hrs of MA. The Spearman and Pearson correlation show the presence of significant positive link between glycemia and the test results. Analysis of the coefficient of determination shows that the proportion by contribution of glycemia to MA was approximately 11.8% (P= 0.04) after 4 hrs and 15.6% (P= 0.02) after 6 hrs. The one-sided effect of glycemia on MA was of average strength at the initial phase (η= 0.510), and during MA: η= 0.548 after 2 hrs; η= 0.606 after 4 hrs; η= 0.556 after 6 hrs (P< 0.01). The coefficient of determination confirms the direct role of glycemia on MA (30.0-36.7%), which agrees with literature data.
2865 – Assesment of Quality of Life at Mitral Valve Prolapse Patients Suffering Anxiety Disorders
Authors: Pervichko E.I. , Zinchenko Y.P. , Martynov A.I.
Published: July 2013

Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a common cardiac pathology. Researchers note a high incidence of anxiety disorders among MVP patients.

Objectives:

To study “Quality of Life” (QOL) features in MVP patients suffering anxiety disorders.

Methods:

We examined 290 MVP patients and 73 healthy subjects.

30 patients received medication with alprazolam within 10 weeks.

18 patients attended courses about rational-emotive therapy (16 sessions, individual assessments).

Psychological and clinical examinations of the patients were made before and after psychotherapy courses and medication. Psychological testing embraced the assessment of anxiety indicators (Spilberger Scale); and QOL indicators were assessed through the Ryff Scales of Psychological Well-Being, the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) - the “health” dimension, and the Disability Scale (DISS) - the dimensions of “work,” “social life,” and “personal life.”

Results:

MVP patients are distinguished from healthy subjects by lower rates of QOL indicators, and increased anxiety.

A significant reduction in anxiety were found, as well as increase in QOL indicators after medication, and after psychotherapy. However improvement of QOL indicators was more expressed after psychotherapy.

Physical examination of the patients revealed a significant reduction in the frequency and intensity of panic attacks, chest pain, and thermoregulation disorders in both groups of patients, as well as the decrease of prolapse depth in all the patients after psychotherapy.

Conclusions:

The research showed a significant improvement in QOL indicators, and also in a number of clinical symptoms in MVP patients suffering anxiety disorders after psychotherapy.

These results are important for the therapy and psychological assistance to MVP patients.
2867 – Behavioral and Brain Measures of Semantic Priming in Patients with Schizophrenia: Test-Retest Effect in a Longitudinal Study
Authors: Iakimova G. , Besche-Richard C. , Hardy-Baylé M.-C. , Passerieux C.
Published: July 2013

Objective:

The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether deficits of behavioral or/and N400 semantic priming (SP) effect observed in patients with schizophrenia is a stable cognitive feature of the disorder or whether it may be influenced by the severity of the actual symptomatology that may fluctuate over time.

Methods:

A Test-Retest one year study was conducted on fifteen patients with schizophrenia and 10 healthy participants who performed a SP task. Both behavioral measures and Event-related potentials (ERPs) of SP were recorded twice (Test and Retest sessions).

Results:

At Test, patients exhibited a deficit of SP as revealed by both the behavioral and the ERP measures (the amplitude of the N400 component). At Retest, behavioral SP remained impaired in contrast to the N400 SP which was significantly improved in relation probably to the patients' clinical improvement.

Conclusion:

The results conveyed evidence that the N400 SP impairments in schizophrenia may not be considered as stable cognitive markers of the disorders. Significance: The behavioral and the N400 measures of SP had different level of sensitivity to subtle cognitive and brain processes which were subjected to change over the clinical course of schizophrenic disorder.
2869 – Preliminary Results of a Controlled Clinical Trial with a Group Technique for Cognitive Training in Schizophrenia Based in the Understanting of Fictions Films
Authors: Caballero L. , Magariños M. , García del Castillo I. , Elizagárate E. , Sanchez P. , Hernando D.
Published: July 2013

A controlled clinical trial with a group technique for cognitive rehabilitation of schizophrenia based on the understanding of series TV is presented 28 patients with schizophrenia were randomly assigned to an experimental group (EG) and a control group (CG). The patients were diagnosed with schizophrenia DSM-IV-TR in a stable clinical condition and had a score < 40 on at least 2 domains of the MATRICS battery. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were explicit. The measurement instruments were: SCID, PANSS (positive scale, negative overall composite score); MATRICS battery, 3 social cognition test, SOFAS, PSP and questionnaires built on the content of each TV.

No differences were found in the groups upon age, premorbid IC, SCID, other clinical measures (including the evolution time, inpatiens time, previous rehabilitation treatment, etc.), or demographic variables. The GE scores were better in several domains of MATRICS (comp AGT: mean difference -5.36 p < 0.05), working memory (EM AGT mean difference -4.83, P < 0.05) and verbal memory (VRBL Lrng -4.89, P> 0.02)

No differences were found in the social cognition scales between but GE scores in were better in the “ad hoc” questionnaires:

Items “Neurocognition” Items “Social Cognition” “Total Items”

Media G. Exp 10.17 (SD: 3.16) 4.83 (SD 1.33) 15.00 (SD: 4.21)

Media G. Cont 6.39 (SD 2.56) 3.09 (SD: 1.19) 9.29 (SD 3.19)

ANOVA p: 0004 p: 0008 p: 0001

These results suggest that this technique may be effective in schizophrenia. A second trial was launched to confirm or reject these results.
2872 – Psychosemantic Study of Interoception Experience and Pain Perception in Patients with Mitral Valve Prolapse
Authors: Pervichko E.I. , Zinchenko Y.P.
Published: July 2013

A considerable dissonance between the numerous subjective complaints of mitral valve prolapse (MVP) patients and the dramatic scarcity of data from objective medical studies is the important problem of modern medicine and psychology.

Objectives:

To study the features of interoception experience and pain perception in MVP patients.

Methods:

The psychosemantic technique «Classification of sensations» was used. Testees had only 80 Russian words to describe their interoception experience and pain perception. They had to select words which can be used for the description of interoception experience; then it was necessary to choose consistently familiar sensations, the painful sensations, often felt sensations, and, at last, words which are suitable for the description «sensations in heart».

We examined 134 MVP patients and 73 healthy subjects.

Results:

MVP patients reliably distinguish (p< 0.05) from healthy individuals by fairly large amount of interoception vocabularies (see Table 1).

[Table 1.Interoception vocabularies (descriptors)]

Types of vocabulariesMVPHealthy subjectsGeneral vocabulary of sensations59.2 ± 1.66*46.7 ± 1.42Familiar sensations45.36 ± 2.05*33.99 ± 2.81Painful sensations11.04 ± 1.53*7.74 ± 1.61Often felt sensations4.17 ± 1.98*1.79 ± 0.23«Sensations in heart»10.12 ± 1.22*4.88 ± 1.07

Conclusions:

Qualitative analysis of the results showed that the expansion of interoception vocabularies of MVP patients is due to inclusion of the words that describe the mental states and emotions.

Received results prove a role of psychological factors in an etiology of pain syndromes in MVP patients.