bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adsorption of Toxic Metals Using Hydrous Ferric Oxide Nanoparticles Embedded in Hybrid Ion-Exchange Resins
Authors: Sodzidzi Zizikazi , Phiri Zebron , Nure Jemal Fito , Msagati Titus A. M. , de Kock Lueta-Ann
Published: March 2024

Acid mine drainage (AMD) is a major environmental problem caused by the release of acidic, toxic, and sulfate-rich water from mining sites. This study aimed to develop novel adsorbents for the removal of chromium (Cr(VI)), cadmium (Cd(II)), and lead (Pb(II)) from simulated and actual AMD using hybrid ion-exchange resins embedded with hydrous ferric oxide (HFO). Two types of resins were synthesized: anionic exchange resin (HAIX-HFO) for Cr(VI) removal and cationic exchange resin (HCIX-HFO) for Cd(II) and Pb(II) removal. The resins were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy, which confirmed the presence of HFO particles. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted under acidic and sulfate-enhanced conditions to evaluate the adsorption capacity and kinetics of the resins. It was found that both resins exhibited high adsorption efficiencies and fast adsorption rates for their respective metal ions. To explore the potential adsorption on actual AMD, HCIX-HFO demonstrated significant removal of some metal ions. The saturated HCIX-HFO resin was regenerated using NaCl, and a high amount of the adsorbed Cd(II) and Pb(II) was recovered. This study demonstrates that HFO-embedded hybrid ion-exchange resins are promising adsorbents for treating AMD contaminated with heavy metals.
Grouped Change-Points Detection and Estimation in Panel Data
Authors: Lu Haoran , Wang Dianpeng
Published: March 2024

The change-points in panel data can be obstacles for fitting models; thus, detecting change-points accurately before modeling is crucial. Extant methods often either assume that all panels share the common change-points or that grouped panels have the same unknown parameters. However, the problem of different change-points and model parameters between panels has not been solved. To deal with this problem, a novel approach is proposed here to simultaneously detect and estimate the grouped change-points precisely by employing an iterative algorithm and the penalty cost function. Some numerical experiments and case studies are utilized to demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method in grouping the panels, and estimating the number and positions of change-points.
Global Patterns of Trends in Incidence and Mortality of Dengue, 1990–2019: An Analysis Based on the Global Burden of Disease Study
Authors: Ilic Irena , Ilic Milena
Published: March 2024

Background and Objectives: Dengue is an important public health concern that warrants an examination of the longer-term global trends of its disease burden. The aim of this study was to assess the trends in dengue incidence and mortality worldwide over the last three decades. Materials and Methods: A descriptive epidemiological study was carried out, investigating the trends in the incidence and mortality of dengue from 1990 to 2019. The dengue incidence and mortality data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease study database. Trends were examined using joinpoint regression analysis. Results: Globally, there were 56.7 million new cases of dengue reported in 2019: the disease was diagnosed in 27.4 million males and 29.3 million females. A total of 36,055 (18,993 males and 17,032 females) related deaths were reported worldwide in 2019. In both sexes, about 60% of new cases were recorded in the South-East Asia region (16.3 million in males and 17.4 million in females). Globally, the incidence of dengue exhibited an increasing tendency from 1990 to 2019 in both sexes (equally, by 1.2% per year). A significantly decreasing trend in the mortality of dengue was recorded only in females (by −0.5% per year), while an increasing trend was observed in males (by +0.6% per year). Conclusions: The rise in the number of new dengue cases and deaths in the world in the last several decades suggests a need for implementing more effective prevention and management measures.
Inhibited Surface Diffusion in Nanoporous Multi-Principal Element Alloy Thin Films Prepared by Vacuum Thermal Dealloying
Authors: Das Gupta Tibra , Balk Thomas John
Published: March 2024

Nanoporous structures with 3D interconnected networks are traditionally made by dealloying a binary precursor. Certain approaches for fabricating these materials have been applied to refractory multi-principal element alloys (RMPEAs), which can be suitable candidates for high-temperature applications. In this study, nanoporous refractory multi-principal element alloys (np-RMPEAs) were fabricated from magnesium-based thin films (VMoNbTaMg) that had been prepared by magnetron sputtering. Vacuum thermal dealloying (VTD), which involves sublimation of a higher vapor pressure element, is a novel technique for synthesizing nanoporous refractory elements that are prone to oxidation. When VMoNbTaMg was heated under vacuum, a nanoporous structure was created by the sublimation of the highest vapor pressure element (Mg). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy depth profiling indicated significantly less ligament oxidation during VTD as compared to traditional dealloying methods. Furthermore, np-RMPEAs exhibited outstanding stability against coarsening, retaining smaller ligaments (~25 nm) at elevated temperature (700 °C) for a prolonged period (48 h).
Influence of Nickel Content on the Formation of an Interaction Zone during Contact Melting of Titanium with Copper-Nickel Alloys
Authors: Shmorgun Victor Georgievich , Slautin Oleg Victorovich , Kulevich Vitaliy Pavlovich , Bogdanov Artem Igorevich , Gurevich Leonid Moiseevich , Serov Aleksey Gennadevich
Published: March 2024

The diffusion processes during the contact melting at the boundary of explosively welded VT1-0 titanium with CuNi19 (melchior) and CuNi45 (constantan) alloy composites were studied. Heat treatment of composites led to the formation of the interaction zone at the joint boundary. The interaction zone in VT1-0 + CuNi19 consists of TiCuNi and αTi + Ti2Cu(Ni) continuous layers as well as a mixture of TiNi(Cu) + TiCu(Ni) + Ti2Cu(Ni) intermetallics. It has been shown that an increase in the nickel content in the case of VT1-0 + CuNi45 composite leads to a decrease in the temperature of contact melting, a change in its mechanism, an increase in the titanium content in the interaction zone, and the appearance of additional Ti2Ni(Cu) intermetallic in its composition.
A Fundamental Study on the Preparation of Sodium Tungstate from Wolframite via the Smelting Process
Authors: Xu Liqiang , Zhao Baojun
Published: March 2024

Tungsten is a high-value resource with a wide range of applications. The tungsten metal is produced via ammonium paratungstate, which is a multi-stage process including leaching, conversion, precipitation, calcination, and reduction. A short process to produce tungsten metal from the electrolysis of molten sodium tungstate has been demonstrated. However, sodium tungstate cannot be directly produced from wolframite in the conventional hydrometallurgical process. There was no information reported in the literature on producing sodium tungstate directly from tungsten concentrates. The present study proposed a simple and low-cost process to produce sodium tungstate by high-temperature processing of wolframite. The mixtures of wolframite, sodium carbonate, and silica were melted in air between 1100 and 1300 °C. High-density sodium tungstate was easily separated from the immiscible slag, which contained all impurities from wolframite, flux, excess sodium oxide, and dissolved tungsten oxide. The slag was further water leached to recover sodium tungstate in the solution. Effects of Na2CO3/Ore and SiO2/Ore ratios, temperature, and reaction time on the recovery of tungstate and the purity of sodium tungstate were systematically studied. Sodium tungstate containing over 78% WO3 was produced in the smelting process, which is suitable for the electrolysis process. The experimental results will provide a theoretical basis for the direct production of sodium tungstate from wolframite. The compositions of the WO3-containing slags and sodium tungstate reported in the present study fill the knowledge gap of the tungsten-containing thermodynamic database. Further studies to use complex and low-grade tungsten concentrates to produce sodium tungstate are underway.
Transcriptome in Liver of Periparturient Dairy Cows Differs between Supplementation of Rumen-Protected Niacin and Rumen-Protected Nicotinamide
Authors: Zhang Yuanjie , Li Rongrong , Du Xue’er , Cui Zhijie , Jiang Xingwei , Wang Lamei , Yao Junhu , Liu Shimin , Wang Jianguo , Cai Chuanjiang , Cao Yangchun
Published: March 2024

To investigate the difference between rumen-protected niacin (RPN) and rumen-protected nicotinamide (RPM) in the transcriptome of genes relating to the lipid metabolism of the liver of periparturient dairy cows, 10 healthy Chinese Holstein cows were randomly divided into two groups and fed diets supplemented with 18.4 g/d RPN or 18.7 g/d RPM, respectively. The experiment lasted from 14 days before to 21 days after parturition. Liver biopsies were taken 21 days postpartum for transcriptomic sequencing. In addition, human LO2 cells were cultured in a medium containing 1.6 mmol/L of non-esterified fatty acids and 1 mmol/L niacin (NA) or 2 mmol/L nicotinamide (NAM) to verify the expression of the 10 genes selected from the transcriptomic analysis of the liver biopsies. The expression of a total of 9837 genes was detected in the liver biopsies, among which 1210 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, with 579 upregulated and 631 downregulated genes. These DEGs were associated mainly with lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and some inflammatory pathways. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed that 355 DEGs were enriched in 38 GO terms. The differences in the expression of these DEGs between RPN and RPM were predominantly related to the processes of steroid catabolism, steroid hydroxylase, monooxygenase activity, oxidoreductase activity, hemoglobin binding, and ferric iron binding, which are involved mainly in lipid anabolism and redox processes. The expressions of FADS2, SLC27A6, ARHGAP24, and THRSP in LO2 cells were significantly higher (p < 0.05) while the expressions of BCO2, MARS1, GARS1, S100A12, AGMO, and OSBPL11 were significantly lower (p < 0.05) on the NA treatment compared to the NAM treatment, indicating that NA played a role in liver metabolism by directly regulating fatty acid anabolism and transport, inflammatory factor expression, and oxidative stress; and NAM functioned more as a precursor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD, coenzyme I) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP, coenzyme II) to participate indirectly in biological processes such as ether lipid metabolism, cholesterol metabolism, energy metabolism, and other processes.
Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems Microphones: A Brief Review Emphasizing Recent Advances in Audible Spectrum Applications
Authors: Zheng Zhuoyue , Wang Chen , Wang Linlin , Ji Zeyu , Song Xiaoxiao , Mak Pui-In , Liu Huafeng , Wang Yuan
Published: March 2024

The MEMS microphone is a representative device among the MEMS family, which has attracted substantial research interest, and those tailored for human voice have earned distinct success in commercialization. Although sustained development persists, challenges such as residual stress, environmental noise, and structural innovation are posed. To collect and summarize the recent advances in this subject, this paper presents a concise review concerning the transduction mechanism, diverse mechanical structure topologies, and effective methods of noise reduction for high-performance MEMS microphones with a dynamic range akin to the audible spectrum, aiming to provide a comprehensive and adequate analysis of this scope.
Compliance Modeling and Kinetostatic Analysis of a Generalized 3-PSS Compliant Parallel Micro-Motion Platform
Authors: Ren Jun , Lan Aojie
Published: March 2024

In order to expand the range of motion performance of the 3-PSS-compliant parallel micro-motion platform, a variable inclination angle of the mechanism’s guide rails was introduced to construct a category of generalized 3-PSS compliant parallel micro-motion platforms with distinct configurations (exhibiting different motion performances) but identical motion patterns (three translational degrees of freedom). The compliance and kinetostatics of such micro-motion platform are modeled and analyzed. Firstly, the compliance model is established based on the coordinate transformation method. Then, simplifying the micro-motion platform into a spring system, the kinetostatic model in terms of input force–output displacement is established based on the compliance model using the compliance matrix method. For practical application considerations, the kinetostatic model in terms of input displacement–output displacement is further derived based on the input force–output displacement model. Then, the correctness of the established compliance model and kinetostatic model is successively verified through finite element simulation. Finally, using two specified motion trajectories (spatial spiral trajectory and planar circular trajectory) as examples, an analysis is conducted on the influence of guide rail inclination angle variations on the kinetostatic performance of the micro-motion platform. This analysis serves as guidance for the rational design of such micro-motion platforms.
A Sensitivity-Enhanced Vertical-Resonant MEMS Electric Field Sensor Based on TGV Technology
Authors: Gao Yahao , Peng Simin , Liu Xiangming , Liu Yufei , Zhang Wei , Peng Chunrong , Xia Shanhong
Published: March 2024

In order to enhance the sensitivity of wafer-level vacuum-packaged electric field sensors, this paper proposed a vertical-resonant MEMS electric field sensor based on TGV (Through Glass Via) technology. The microsensor is composed of the electric field sensing cover, the drive cover, and the SOI-based microstructures between them. TGV technology is innovatively used to fabricate the electric field sensing cover and the vertically-driven cover. The external electric field is concentrated and transmitted to the area below the silicon plate in the center of the electric field sensing cover through a metal plate and a metal pillar, reducing the coupling capacitance between the silicon plate and the packaging structure, thereby achieving the enhanced transmission of the electric field. The sensitivity-enhanced mechanism of the sensor is analyzed, and the key parameters of the sensor are optimized through finite element simulation. The fabrication process is designed and realized. A prototype is tested to characterize its performance. The experimental results indicate that the sensitivity of the sensor is 0.82 mV/(kV/m) within the electrostatic electric field ranging from 0–50 kV/m. The linearity of the sensor is 0.65%.
Recent Progress in Flexible Surface Acoustic Wave Sensing Technologies
Authors: Liang Chenlong , Yan Cancan , Zhai Shoupei , Wang Yuhang , Hu Anyu , Wang Wen , Pan Yong
Published: March 2024

In this work, the major methods for implementing flexible sensing technology—flexible surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors—are summarized; the working principles and device characteristics of the flexible SAW sensors are introduced; and the latest achievements of the flexible SAW sensors in the selection of the substrate materials, the development of the piezoelectric thin films, and the structural design of the interdigital transducers are discussed. This paper focuses on analyzing the research status of physical flexible SAW sensors such as temperature, humidity, and ultraviolet radiation, including the sensing mechanism, bending strain performance, device performance parameters, advantages and disadvantages, etc. It also looks forward to the development of future chemical flexible SAW sensors for gases, the optimization of the direction of the overall device design, and systematic research on acoustic sensing theory under strain. This will enable the manufacturing of multifunctional and diverse sensors that better meet human needs.
3D Printed Devices for the Separation of Blood Plasma from Capillary Samples
Authors: Deiana Giulia , Smith Stewart
Published: March 2024

Sample preparation is a critical requirement for many clinical tests and diagnostic procedures, but it is difficult to perform on a lab-on-a-chip platform. The analytical side of microfluidic technologies has been gradually catching up with laboratory methods in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, and reliability. There is a growing need for the development of sample preparation modules that can either be connected or embedded into such devices and extract blood plasma in a fast, safe, and automated way. Achieving this functionality is an important step towards creating commercially viable products that can one day become part of everyday life. In this study, a range of simple, yet effective, 3D printed sample preparation devices was developed. The devices rely on snap-fit mechanisms and “resin-bonding” methods to fasten two layers and integrate a plasma separation membrane in between. The devices have excellent usability, with only one step required for their operation without any waiting time for the user, and could extract an average of 56.88% of the total available plasma from 50 μL capillary blood samples in 87 s without inducing any haemolysis. The manufacturing process is quick and straightforward, requiring only low-cost equipment and minimal training. The devices can either be used as a stand-alone device or integrated into an existing lab-on-a-chip system to provide blood filtration capabilities.
Genomic Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant Pathogenic Enteric Bacteria from Healthy Children in Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: Uwanibe Jessica N. , Olawoye Idowu B. , Happi Christian T. , Folarin Onikepe A.
Published: March 2024

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is responsible for the spread and persistence of bacterial infections. Surveillance of AMR in healthy individuals is usually not considered, though these individuals serve as reservoirs for continuous disease transmission. Therefore, it is essential to conduct epidemiological surveillance of AMR in healthy individuals to fully understand the dynamics of AMR transmission in Nigeria. Thirteen multidrug-resistant Citrobacter spp., Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli isolated from stool samples of healthy children were subjected to whole genome sequencing (WGS) using Illumina and Oxford nanopore sequencing platforms. A bioinformatics analysis revealed antimicrobial resistance genes such as the pmrB_Y358N gene responsible for colistin resistance detected in E. coli ST219, virulence genes such as senB, and ybtP&Q, and plasmids in the isolates sequenced. All isolates harbored more than three plasmid replicons of either the Col and/or Inc type. Plasmid reconstruction revealed an integrated tetA gene, a toxin production caa gene in two E. coli isolates, and a cusC gene in K. quasivariicola ST3879, which induces neonatal meningitis. The global spread of AMR pathogenic enteric bacteria is of concern, and surveillance should be extended to healthy individuals, especially children. WGS for epidemiological surveillance will improve the detection of AMR pathogens for management and control.
Study on the Mining Effect and Optimal Design of Longwall Full Mining with Paste Partial Filling
Authors: Zhou Yongqiang , Wang Changxiang , Liao Changlong , Wang Jianhang , Zhang Baoliang
Published: March 2024

Various methods of longwall full mining with partial filling have been extensively researched to satisfy the specific mining needs of pressurized-coal and residual-coal resources. This study introduces three longwall partial-filling-mining techniques: room–pillar filling mining, parallel-strip filling mining, and vertical-strip filling mining. Numerical simulations are employed to evaluate the efficacy of these methods. The findings indicate that vertical-strip filling mining results in minimal surface deformation and a more uniform distribution of displacements. In practical operations, the effectiveness of filling largely depends on the choice of filling technology and materials. The research further includes an optimization analysis of the filling technology, emphasizing the composition of the coal-gangue-paste filling system and the refinement of its components. Additionally, the study aims to explore the optimization analysis of filling materials, specifically focusing on performance-optimization methods. The experimental results illustrate that optimizing the filling materials can enhance the performance of filling paste, improving both early-stage and long-term compressive strength. Moreover, the paper examines the quantitative characterization of paste-filling-mining subsidence at various stages in conjunction with theoretical knowledge. Subsequently, mining-subsidence-control measures are recommended to address the primary deformation factors across different stages. Through an in-depth examination of filling-method designs, enhancements in filling technology, and predictions regarding filling-mining subsidence, this research offers valuable insights for optimizing longwall partial-filling-mining methods.
Constituents of Chimaphila japonica and Their Diuretic Activity
Authors: Yu Yue , Hu Deri , Liu Jinze , Wu Chenghao , Sun Yuhong , Lang Mingyue , Han Xuan , Kang Dongzhou , Min Jun Zhe , Cui Hong , Zheng Mingshan
Published: March 2024

Three new phenols (1–3), one new cyclohexanol (4), two known phenols (5–6), and six known flavonoids (7–12) were isolated from the n-butanol of the 75% ethanol extract of all plants of Chimaphila japonica Miq. Among them, compound 5 was named and described in its entirety for the first time, and compounds 9 and 10 were reported in C. japonica for the first time. The structures of all compounds were confirmed using a comprehensive analysis of 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS data. Biological results show that compounds 4, 7, and 11 exhibited potent diuretic activity. The modes of interaction between the selected compounds and the target diuretic-related WNK1 kinase were investigated in a preliminary molecular docking study. These results provided insight into the chemodiversity and potential diuretic activities of metabolites in C. japonica.
Platinum(0)-η2-1,2-(E)ditosylethene Complexes Bearing Phosphine, Isocyanide and N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands: Synthesis and Cytotoxicity towards Ovarian and Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Compagno Nicola , Piccolo Rachele , Bortolamiol Enrica , Demitri Nicola , Rizzolio Flavio , Visentin Fabiano , Scattolin Thomas
Published: March 2024

A wide range of platinum(0)-η2-(E)-1,2-ditosylethene complexes bearing isocyanide, phosphine and N-heterocyclic carbene ancillary ligands have been prepared with high yields and selectivity. All the novel products underwent thorough characterization using spectroscopic techniques, including NMR and FT-IR analyses. Additionally, for some compounds, the solid-state structures were elucidated through X-ray diffractometry. The synthesized complexes were successively evaluated for their potential as anticancer agents against two ovarian cancer cell lines (A2780 and A2780cis) and one breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231). The majority of the compounds displayed promising cytotoxicity within the micromolar range against A2780 and MDA-MB-231 cells, with IC50 values comparable to or even surpassing those of cisplatin. However, only a subset of compounds was cytotoxic against cisplatin-resistant cancer cells (A2780cis). Furthermore, the assessment of antiproliferative activity on MRC-5 normal cells revealed certain compounds to exhibit in vitro selectivity. Notably, complexes 3d, 6a and 6b showed low cytotoxicity towards normal cells (IC50 > 100 µM) while concurrently displaying potent cytotoxicity against cancer cells.
Trust Development and Explainability: A Longitudinal Study with a Personalized Assistive System
Authors: Zafari Setareh , de Pagter Jesse , Papagni Guglielmo , Rosenstein Alischa , Filzmoser Michael , Koeszegi Sabine T.
Published: March 2024

This article reports on a longitudinal experiment in which the influence of an assistive system’s malfunctioning and transparency on trust was examined over a period of seven days. To this end, we simulated the system’s personalized recommendation features to support participants with the task of learning new texts and taking quizzes. Using a 2 × 2 mixed design, the system’s malfunctioning (correct vs. faulty) and transparency (with vs. without explanation) were manipulated as between-subjects variables, whereas exposure time was used as a repeated-measure variable. A combined qualitative and quantitative methodological approach was used to analyze the data from 171 participants. Our results show that participants perceived the system making a faulty recommendation as a trust violation. Additionally, a trend emerged from both the quantitative and qualitative analyses regarding how the availability of explanations (even when not accessed) increased the perception of a trustworthy system.
Accessible Metaverse: A Theoretical Framework for Accessibility and Inclusion in the Metaverse
Authors: Othman Achraf , Chemnad Khansa , Hassanien Aboul Ella , Tlili Ahmed , Zhang Christina Yan , Al-Thani Dena , Altınay Fahriye , Chalghoumi Hajer , S. Al-Khalifa Hend , Obeid Maisa , Jemni Mohamed , Al-Hadhrami Tawfik , Altınay Zehra
Published: March 2024

The following article investigates the Metaverse and its potential to bolster digital accessibility for persons with disabilities. Through qualitative analysis, we examine responses from eleven experts in digital accessibility, Metaverse development, disability advocacy, and policy formulation. This exploration uncovers key insights into the Metaverse’s current state, its inherent principles, and the challenges and opportunities it presents in terms of accessibility. The findings reveal a mixed state of inclusivity within the Metaverse, highlighting significant advancements along with notable gaps, especially in integrating assistive technologies and ensuring interoperability across different virtual environments. This study emphasizes the Metaverse’s potential to revolutionize experiences for individuals with disabilities, provided that accessibility is embedded in its foundational design. Ethical and legal considerations, such as privacy, non-discrimination, and evolving legal frameworks, are identified as critical factors that shape an inclusive Metaverse. We propose a comprehensive framework that emphasizes technological adaptation and innovation, user-centric design, universal access, social and economic considerations, and global standards. This framework aims to guide future research and policy interventions to foster an inclusive digital environment in the Metaverse. This paper contributes to the emerging discourse on the Metaverse and digital accessibility, offering a nuanced understanding of its complexities and a roadmap for future exploration and development. This underscores the necessity of a multi-faceted approach that incorporates technological innovation, user-centered design, ethical considerations, legal compliance, and continuous research to create an inclusive and accessible Metaverse.
Predicting Ion Sequestration in Charged Polymers with the Steepest-Entropy-Ascent Quantum Thermodynamic Framework
Authors: McDonald Jared , von Spakovsky Michael R. , Reynolds William T.
Published: March 2024

The steepest-entropy-ascent quantum thermodynamic framework is used to investigate the effectiveness of multi-chain polyethyleneimine-methylenephosphonic acid in sequestering rare-earth ions (Eu3+) from aqueous solutions. The framework applies a thermodynamic equation of motion to a discrete energy eigenstructure to model the binding kinetics of europium ions to reactive sites of the polymer chains. The energy eigenstructure is generated using a non-Markovian Monte Carlo model that estimates energy level degeneracies. The equation of motion is used to determine the occupation probability of each energy level, describing the unique path through thermodynamic state space by which the polymer system sequesters rare-earth ions from solution. A second Monte Carlo simulation is conducted to relate the kinetic path in state space to physical descriptors associated with the polymer, including the radius of gyration, tortuosity, and Eu-neighbor distribution functions. These descriptors are used to visualize the evolution of the polymer during the sequestration process. The fraction of sequestered Eu3+ ions depends upon the total energy of the system, with lower energy resulting in greater sequestration. The kinetics of the overall sequestration are dependent on the steepest-entropy-ascent principle used by the equation of motion to generate a unique kinetic path from an initial non-equilibrium state.
Diamond for High-Power, High-Frequency, and Terahertz Plasma Wave Electronics
Authors: Hasan Muhammad Mahmudul , Wang Chunlei , Pala Nezih , Shur Michael
Published: March 2024

High thermal conductivity and a high breakdown field make diamond a promising candidate for high-power and high-temperature semiconductor devices. Diamond also has a higher radiation hardness than silicon. Recent studies show that diamond has exceptionally large electron and hole momentum relaxation times, facilitating compact THz and sub-THz plasmonic sources and detectors working at room temperature and elevated temperatures. The plasmonic resonance quality factor in diamond TeraFETs could be larger than unity for the 240–600 GHz atmospheric window, which could make them viable for 6G communications applications. This paper reviews the potential and challenges of diamond technology, showing that diamond might augment silicon for high-power and high-frequency compact devices with special advantages for extreme environments and high-frequency applications.
Incident Light Level Influences Elemental Budgets of Serianthes nelsonii Merr. Leaf Development
Authors: Marler Thomas E.
Published: March 2024

Recovery efforts for the endangered Serianthes nelsonii have been deficient. To learn more about leaf development costs, the content of biomass and essential elements were determined in the supportive and laminae tissue of leaves that were constructed under different levels of incident light. The biomass required to construct a leaf in 22% light transmission was 65% of that in full sun, and light treatment did not influence the balance between supportive and laminae tissues. Concentrations of carbon, phosphorus, iron, manganese, and boron were greatest for in full-sun laminae, but those of nitrogen, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and zinc were greatest in shaded laminae. The same patterns with regard to light were exhibited in supportive tissues for carbon, nitrogen, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and zinc. In contrast, the supportive tissue phosphorus content was greatest in shaded leaves, and the light level did not influence the supportive tissue concentrations of the remaining elements. The leaf laminae consistently exhibited greater concentrations of elements with the exception of potassium and nickel, which were greater in the supportive tissues. These results indicate that the construction of full-sun S. nelsonii leaves is more costly than that of shaded leaves, and the transfer of biomass and essential elements between the supportive and laminae tissues is not substantially influenced by the developmental light level. Identifying the drivers of S. nelsonii leaf element concentrations is crucial for understanding the role of this charismatic tree in community-level processes.
Prevention and Co-Management of Breast Cancer-Related Osteoporosis Using Resveratrol
Authors: Meyer Christine , Brockmueller Aranka , Buhrmann Constanze , Shakibaei Mehdi
Published: March 2024

Breast cancer (BC) is currently one of the most common cancers in women worldwide with a rising tendency. Epigenetics, generally inherited variations in gene expression that occur independently of changes in DNA sequence, and their disruption could be one of the main causes of BC due to inflammatory processes often associated with different lifestyle habits. In particular, hormone therapies are often indicated for hormone-positive BC, which accounts for more than 50–80% of all BC subtypes. Although the cure rate in the early stage is more than 70%, serious negative side effects such as secondary osteoporosis (OP) due to induced estrogen deficiency and chemotherapy are increasingly reported. Approaches to the management of secondary OP in BC patients comprise adjunctive therapy with bisphosphonates, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and cortisone, which partially reduce bone resorption and musculoskeletal pain but which are not capable of stimulating the necessary intrinsic bone regeneration. Therefore, there is a great therapeutic need for novel multitarget treatment strategies for BC which hold back the risk of secondary OP. In this review, resveratrol, a multitargeting polyphenol that has been discussed as a phytoestrogen with anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects at the epigenetic level, is presented as a potential adjunct to both support BC therapy and prevent osteoporotic risks by positively promoting intrinsic regeneration. In this context, resveratrol is also known for its unique role as an epigenetic modifier in the regulation of essential signaling processes—both due to its catabolic effect on BC and its anabolic effect on bone tissue.
Eating Behavior Disorders and Disordered Eating Habits in Spanish High-Performance Women’s Olympic Wrestling Athletes
Authors: Flores Marina Rueda , Martín-Castellanos Adrián , López-Torres Olga , Fernández-Elías Valentín E. , García-González Jorge , Mon-López Daniel
Published: March 2024

Eating disorders (EDs) are a significant health issue in combat sports. This study investigated the differences between the different types of female wrestlers and the frequency at which EDs occur in the elite population, and it also sought to establish which factors are predictors of EDs. This study was comprised of 22 elite, female wrestlers who were selected based on the following inclusion criteria: having previously been the Spanish champion, being part of the Spanish national team, participating in at least one international championship, and having a history of ED. Data collection involved five questionnaires: demographic data, the Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26), the Bulimic Investigatory Test, the Edinburgh (BITE), the Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI-3), and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). The results revealed diverse levels of depression, anxiety, and stress, with BITE scores indicating abnormal eating patterns. Group comparisons exposed significant distinctions in eating behaviors based on competition and training experience. Regression analyses showed competition and training experience as predictors of bulimia severity and symptoms. The study revealed prevalent extreme weight-control practices, including fasting, diuretic and laxative use, and binge eating. This research emphasizes the importance of EDs in Olympic wrestling, urging a comprehensive approach involving education, support, and policy implementation by coaches, health professionals, and sports organizations to prioritize athletes’ well-being and discourage unhealthy weight-control practices.
Association between Preconception Dietary Fiber Intake and Preterm Birth: The Japan Environment and Children’s Study
Authors: Omoto Takahiro , Kyozuka Hyo , Murata Tsuyoshi , Fukuda Toma , Isogami Hirotaka , Okoshi Chihiro , Yasuda Shun , Yamaguchi Akiko , Sato Akiko , Ogata Yuka , Nagasaka Yuichi , Hosoya Mitsuaki , Yasumura Seiji , Hashimoto Koichi , Nishigori Hidekazu , Fujimori Keiya ,   The Japan Environment and Children’s Study Group
Published: March 2024

Preterm birth (PTB) is a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether preconception dietary fiber intake is associated with PTB. This was a prospective cohort Japan Environmental and Children’s Study (JECS). The study population comprised 85,116 singleton live-birth pregnancies from the JECS database delivered between 2011 and 2014. The participants were categorized into five groups based on their preconception dietary fiber intake quintiles (Q1 and Q5 were the lowest and highest groups, respectively). Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association between preconception dietary fiber intake and PTB. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the risk for PTB before 34 weeks was lower in the Q3, Q4, and Q5 groups than in the Q1 group (Q3: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.62–0.997; Q4: aOR 0.74, 95% CI 0.57–0.95; Q5: aOR 0.68, 95% CI 0.50–0.92). However, there was no significant difference between preconception dietary fiber intake and PTB before 37 weeks. In conclusion, higher preconception dietary fiber intake correlated with a reduced the risk for PTB before 34 weeks. Therefore, new recommendations on dietary fiber intake as part of preconception care should be considered.
Associations between Cholesterol Intake, Food Sources and Cardiovascular Disease in Chinese Residents
Authors: Cao Yuxue , Yu Yan
Published: March 2024

Cholesterol is a nutrient commonly found in the human diet. The relationship between dietary cholesterol, its sources, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is still a topic of debate. This study aimed to investigate the association between dietary cholesterol, its sources, and cardiovascular events in a Chinese population. The present study analyzed data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) cohort between 1991 and 2015. This study analyzed data from 3903 participants who were 40 years of age or older at baseline and had no history of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, or hypertension. During a median follow-up of 14 years, 503 cardiovascular disease events were identified through follow-up questionnaires administered every 2–3 years. The events included fatal and nonfatal coronary heart disease, stroke, heart failure, and other cardiovascular disease deaths. Cox regression was used to estimate risk ratios (HR) for CVD events after adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral factors. It was discovered that sources of dietary cholesterol varied among different subgroups of the population. The top three sources of cholesterol among all participants were eggs, red meat, and seafood, accounting for 57.4%, 28.2%, and 9.0% of total daily cholesterol intake, respectively. The present study found that there was a significant association between total dietary cholesterol intake, and the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (adjusted HR [95% CI]: total cholesterol (highest and lowest quartiles compared) 1.57 [1.17–2.11]). Cholesterol from poultry, seafood, and eggs was also significantly associated with a reduced risk of CVD (adjusted HR [95% CI]: poultry 0.18 [0.04–0.82], seafood 0.11 [0.02–0.54], and eggs 0.16 [0.03–0.73]). After adjusting for daily caloric intake, daily fat intake, and daily saturated fat intake, the previously observed association between red meat cholesterol and cardiovascular events (unadjusted HR [95% CI]: 0.44 [0.35–0.55]) was no longer statistically significant (adjusted HR [95% CI]: 0.21 [0.04–1.01]).
Milk or Kefir, in Comparison to Water, Do Not Enhance Running Time-Trial Performance in Endurance Master Athletes
Authors: Gross Kristen N. , Harty Patrick S. , Krieger Joesi M. , Mumford Petey W. , Sunderland Kyle L. , Hagele Anthony M. , Kerksick Chad M.
Published: March 2024

This study compared flavored kefir (KFR) and flavored milk (MLK) as a recovery drink in endurance master athletes. Using a randomized, placebo-controlled, non-blinded crossover design, 11 males and females completed three testing visits whilst acutely ingesting either KFR, MLK, or water as a placebo (PLA). KFR supplementation occurred for 14 days before the KFR-testing day, followed by a 3-week washout period. Testing visits consisted of an exhausting-exercise (EE) bout, a 4-h rest period where additional carbohydrate feeding was provided, and a treadmill 5 km time trial (TT). The Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) survey was assessed at four timepoints. Blood was collected at baseline and after the TT and was analyzed for I-FABP levels. No significant difference (PLA: 33:39.1 ± 6:29.0 min, KFR: 33:41.1 ± 5:44.4 min, and MLK: 33:36.2 ± 6:40.5 min, p = 0.99) was found between the groups in TT performance. The KFR GSRS total score was significantly lower than the PLA after EE (p = 0.005). No differences in I-FABP were observed between conditions. In conclusion, acute KFR supplementation did not impact TT performance or I-FABP levels but may have reduced subjective GI symptoms surrounding exercise when compared to MLK or PLA.
Effect of Lifelong Exposure to Dietary Plant and Marine Sources of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Morphologic and Gene Expression Biomarkers of Intestinal Health in Early Life
Authors: Acosta Julianna E. , Burns Jessie L. , Hillyer Lyn M. , Van Kelsey , Brendel Elaina B. K. , Law Camille , Ma David W. L. , Monk Jennifer M.
Published: March 2024

Altered intestinal health is also associated with the incidence and severity of many chronic inflammatory conditions, which could be attenuated via dietary n-3 PUFA interventions. However, little is known about the effect of lifelong exposure to n-3 PUFA from plant and marine sources (beginning in utero via the maternal diet) on early life biomarkers of intestinal health. Harems of C57Bl/6 mice were randomly assigned to one of three isocaloric AIN-93G modified diets differing in their fat sources consisting of the following: (i) 10% safflower oil (SO, enriched in n-6 PUFA), (ii) 3% flaxseed oil + 7% safflower oil (FX, plant-based n-3 PUFA-enriched diet), or (iii) 3% menhaden fish oil + 7% safflower oil (MO, marine-based n-3 PUFA-enriched diet). Mothers remained on these diets throughout pregnancy and offspring (n = 14/diet) continued on the same parental diet until termination at 3 weeks of age. In ileum, villi:crypt length ratios were increased in both the FX and MO dietary groups compared to SO (p < 0.05). Ileum mRNA expression of critical intestinal health biomarkers was increased by both n-3 PUFA-enriched diets including Relmβ and REG3γ compared to SO (p < 0.05), whereas only the FX diet increased mRNA expression of TFF3 and Muc2 (p < 0.05) and only the MO diet increased mRNA expression of ZO-1 (p < 0.05). In the proximal colon, both the FX and MO diets increased crypt lengths compared to SO (p < 0.05), whereas only the MO diet increased goblet cell numbers compared to SO (p < 0.05). Further, the MO diet increased proximal colon mRNA expression of Relmβ and REG3γ (p < 0.05) and both MO and FX increased mRNA expression of Muc2 compared to SO (p < 0.05). Collectively, these results demonstrate that lifelong exposure to dietary n-3 PUFA, beginning in utero, from both plant and marine sources, can support intestinal health development in early life. The differential effects between plant and marine sources warrants further investigation for optimizing health.
It’s Dead! Can Postbiotics Really Help Performance and Recovery? A Systematic Review
Authors: Kerksick Chad M. , Moon Jessica M. , Jäger Ralf
Published: March 2024

In recent years, postbiotics have increased in popularity, but the potential relevancy of postbiotics for augmenting exercise performance, recovery, and health is underexplored. A systematic literature search of Google Scholar and PubMed databases was performed with the main objective being to identify and summarize the current body of scientific literature on postbiotic supplementation and outcomes related to exercise performance and recovery. Inclusion criteria for this systematic review consisted of peer-reviewed, randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trials, with a population including healthy men or women >18 years of age. Studies required the incorporation of a postbiotic supplementation regimen and an outcome linked to exercise. Search terms included paraprobiotics, Tyndallized probiotics, ghost biotics, heat-killed probiotics, inactivated probiotics, nonviable probiotics, exercise, exercise performance, and recovery. Only investigations written in English were considered. Nine peer-reviewed manuscripts and two published abstracts from conference proceedings were included and reviewed. Supplementation periods ranged from 13 days to 12 weeks. A total of 477 subjects participated in the studies (n = 16–105/study) with reported results spanning a variety of exercise outcomes including exercise performance, recovery of lost strength, body composition, perceptual fatigue and soreness, daily logs of physical conditions, changes in mood states, and biomarkers associated with muscle damage, inflammation, immune modulation, and oxidative stress. Early evidence has provided some indication that postbiotic supplementation may help to support mood, reduce fatigue, and increase the readiness of athletes across several weeks of exercise training. However, more research is needed to further understand how postbiotics may augment health, resiliency, performance, and recovery. Future investigations should include longer supplementation periods spanning a wider variety of competitive athletes and exercising populations.
A Herbal Prescription of Insamyangyeongtang as a Therapeutic Agent for Frailty in Elderly: A Narrative Review
Authors: Lee Han-Gyul , Arai Ichiro , Kwon Seungwon
Published: March 2024

Frailty is a major geriatric syndrome with a multifactorial etiology that induces a decline in multiple physiological and psychological functions. In traditional East Asian medicine (TEAM), qi and blood deficiency clinically represent as fatigue, anemia, anorexia, decreased strength after illness, and weakness, commonly interpretated as frailty. An herbal prescription of Insamyangyeongtang (IYT, Ninjin’yoeito in Japanese, Ren-Shen-Yang-Rong-Tang in Chinese) tonifies qi and blood and has the potential to treat multiple targets caused by qi and blood deficiency. As the population ages and frailty increases, there is an increase in the potential effectiveness of IYT in frailty. This study reviewed relevant clinical trials to provide an updated view on the effect of IYT on frailty. IYT has therapeutic effects on frailty associated with chronic respiratory diseases (e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) and cognitive impairments (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease) and improves respiratory symptoms and cognition. IYT also has therapeutic effects on weight gain, muscle mass, and strength, and improves nutritional status in frail elderly individuals who have decreased muscle mass and strength, loss of appetite, and weight loss. The same effect has been shown in frailty in elderly individuals with rehabilitation treatment and chronic diseases. IYT also improves frailty associated with symptoms such as intractable dizziness and genitourinary symptoms. The beneficial effects of IYT in several diseases could be important for medication replacement, reduction, and prevention of polypharmacy. Based on the results of this review, we suggest that IYT has the potential to be a therapeutic agent against frailty.