bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of neural networks based on accuracy and robustness in identifying impact location for structural health monitoring applications
Authors: Balasubramanian Prabakaran , Kaushik Vikram , Altamimi Sumaya Y , Amabili Marco , Alteneiji Mohamed
Published: May 2022

Structural health monitoring systems must provide accuracy and robustness in predicting the structure’s health using the minimum intervention to ensure commercial viability. Characterization of impact is useful in assessing its severity, deciding if detailed damage analysis is necessary, and re-evaluating the present health of the structure under monitoring with better confidence. In this characterization process, the impact location is significant since some positions within a structure are more sensitive to damage. The inherent noise and uncertainties present in the sensor response pose a substantial hurdle to estimating the external impact correctly. This paper quantitatively compares three of the widely used neural networks, namely, Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), and Long Short-Term Memory network (LSTM), to estimate impact location from the lead zirconate titanate (PZT) sensor response. For this purpose, a square aluminum plate of 500 × 500 mm was equipped with four PZT sensors; each placed 100 mm away in both the plate directions from a corner and impact loads were given on a grid covering the whole plate. The PZT responses were used to train the three neural networks under study here, and their estimations were compared based on the Mean Absolute Error (MAE). In addition, increasing Gaussian noise was added to the PZT responses, and the robustness of the three neural networks was monitored. It was found that the ANN gives better accuracy with a Mean Absolute Error of 22 mm compared to Convolutional Neural Network (MAE = 31 mm) and Long Short-Term Memory (MAE = 25 mm). However, CNN is more robust when encountering noise with a 2% reduction in accuracy, while LSTM and ANN lost 7% and 11% accuracy, respectively.
Identifying correlations between depression and urban morphology through generative deep learning
Authors: Newton David William
Published: May 2022

Mental health disorders, such as depression, have been estimated to account for the largest proportion of global disease burden. Existing research has established significant correlations between the built environment and mental health. This research, however, has relied on traditional statistical methods that are not amenable to working with large remote sensing image-based datasets. This research addresses this challenge and contributes new knowledge and a novel method for using generative deep learning for urban analysis and synthesis tasks involving mental health. The research specifically investigates three mental state measures: depression, anxiety, and the perception of safety. The experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of the process—providing a new method to find correlational signals, while providing insights on the correlation between specific urban design features and the incidence of depression.
Rethinking the educational ecology in the wake of COVID: Intellectual solidarity, teacher prestige, and educational humanization
Authors: Edwards Wesley , Magill Kevin Russel
Published: May 2022

In this conceptual article, the authors examine changes to the United States educational ecology during the COVID-19 pandemic. This article draws on contemporary and historical research to critique how K–12 school policies and educational leadership decisions are made amidst a crisis. As schools and districts continue to navigate a shifting educational context, teachers are often left out of the discussion. The authors set out to argue that teachers should be at the center of any plan to move forward and that support for teachers and humanizing approaches to teaching and learning should be at the forefront of any change. Drawing on theories of an educational ecology, the authors investigate how this moment of rapid change might be leveraged, through their exploration of future-oriented educational policies. In doing so, they highlight key areas of the educational ecology with the most potential to (re)humanize teachers' work and support the well-being of students. These include creating policies and systems of preparation and support for historically marginalized groups of teachers, advocating for a more human-centered curriculum, and taking a cautious approach to the presence of technology for instructional and pedagogical purposes. The authors conclude with a call for intellectual solidarity, increases in teacher prestige, and new visions of accountability, ideology, curriculum, and human exchange.
Glucolipotoxicity induces endothelial cell dysfunction by activating autophagy and inhibiting autophagic flow
Authors: Liu Yulan , Xiang Hong , Xiong Wenfang , Ouyang Jie , Liu Hengdao , Zhao Shaoli , Xiao Jie , Li Jialing , Shu Zhihao , Wang Xuewen , Liu Huiqin , Zhang Jing , Fan Jianing , Li Ying , Chen Shuhua , Lu Hongwei
Published: May 2022

Objectives

This study aims to determine the role and mechanism of autophagy in endothelial cell dysfunction by glucolipotoxicity.

Methods

Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with high glucose and high palmitic acid. The number of autophagosomes was evaluated by monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The expression of autophagy-related proteins (LC3 and P62) was assessed by Western blotting. Capillary tube-like formation was evaluated on Matrigel. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was detected by DCFH-DA. Cell apoptosis was measured by Hoechst 33258 staining and flow cytometry. Phosphorylation of AMPK, mTOR, and ULK1 was also analyzed by Western blotting.

Results

We found that glucolipotoxicity induced autophagy initiation and hindered autophagosomes degradation. Moreover, glucolipotoxicity increased the production of intracellular ROS, decreased the ability of tubular formation, and increased cell apoptosis. However, endothelial cell dysfunction was alleviated by 3-methyladenine, an early-stage autophagy inhibitor. Additionally, glucolipotoxicity promoted the phosphorylation of AMPK and ULK1 and inhibited the phosphorylation of mTOR.

Conclusions

Glucolipotoxicity initiates autophagy through the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 signaling pathway and inhibits autophagic flow, leading to the accumulation of autophagosomes, thereby inducing apoptosis and impairing endothelial cell function.
A Systematic Review of the Prevalence and Correlates of Emotional Violence by Teachers
Authors: Scharpf Florian , Kızıltepe Rukiye , Kirika Anette , Hecker Tobias
Published: May 2022

There is increasing evidence for the deleterious impact of emotional violence on children`s well-being and development. This systematic review focused on a) the prevalence and (b) correlates of emotional violence by teachers. A literature search of quantitative and peer-reviewed studies published in English between 1980 and April 2021 was conducted. Eighty-four studies met the inclusion criteria. Studies represented all geographical regions of the world, were predominantly cross-sectional and of moderate quality. Studies were heterogeneous in terms of their samples, conceptualization, and measurement of emotional violence. Results indicated that emotional violence by teachers is prevalent across cultural settings, although large variations within and between regions are noted. It is related to mental health, behavioral and academic problems of children above and beyond physical violence by teachers and victimization by peers and parents. Boys are at higher risk of experiencing emotional violence by teachers than girls. Family dysfunction, low socioeconomic status (of the family or the community), and violent school environments appear to increase risk as well. The observed patterns of co-occurrence of emotional violence with physical violence by teachers and victimization by peers as well as perpetration of violence against peers and teachers lend support to notions of poly-victimization and cycles of violence in the school settings. Future research should use representative surveys, examine antecedents, and consequences of emotional violence by teachers using longitudinal and experimental designs and evaluate interventions to prevent emotional violence by teachers.
Detection of Endoleaks Following Thoracic and Abdominal Aortic Endovascular Aortic Repair—: A Comparison of Standard and Dynamic 4D-Computed Tomography Angiography
Authors: Waldeck Stephan , Overhoff Daniel , Brockmann Marc A. , Becker Benjamin V.
Published: May 2022

Purpose:

Endoleaks are a common complication after endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) and thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). The detection and correct classification of endoleaks is essential for the further treatment of affected patients. However, standard computed tomography angiography (CTA) provides no hemodynamic information on endoleaks, which can result in misclassification in complex cases. The aim of this study was to compare standard CTA (sCTA) with dynamic, dual-energy CTA (dCTA) for detection and classification of endoleaks following EVAR or TEVAR.

Materials and Methods:

This retrospective evaluation compared 69 sCTA diagnostic examinations performed on 50 different patients with 89 dCTA diagnostic examinations performed on 69 different patients.

Results:

In total, 15.9% of sCTA examinations and 49.4% of dCTA examinations led to the detection of endoleaks. With sCTA, 20.0% of patients were diagnosed with endoleaks, while with dCTA, 37.7% of patients were diagnosed with endoleaks. With sCTA, mainly Type 1 endoleaks were detected, whereas, with dCTA, the types of detected endoleaks were more evenly distributed. In comparison with the literature, the frequencies of endoleak types detected with dCTA better reflect the natural distribution than the frequencies detected with standard CTA.

Conclusion:

Based on the retrospective comparative evaluation, dCTA could pose a valuable supplementary diagnostic tool resulting in a more accurate and realistic detection and classification of suspected endoleaks.
“Wrap You Up in My Blue Hair”: Vocaloid, Hyperpop, and Identity in “Ashnikko Feat. Hatsune Miku – Daisy 2.0”
Authors: March Lucy
Published: May 2022

In 2020, hyperpop artist Ashnikko released a remix of her single “Daisy” with virtual idol Hatsune Miku. While the rights to any commercial use of Miku’s voice and likeness are owned by Crypton Future Media, anyone with Vocaloid software can produce songs for her. While scholars have found that fan-produced performances are foundational to Miku’s development as a performer, less attention has been paid to how intercultural commercial ventures have shaped her identity. This paper employs a textual analysis of the “Daisy 2.0” music video and an observation of comments posted on the video’s YouTube upload to demonstrate how the video’s narrative and its surrounding audience discourse both limit and expand Miku’s cultural signifiers. While fluid approaches to identity afforded by the hyperpop and virtual idol subcultures hold potential to liberate these performers from hegemonic notions of gender and sexuality, cultural and commercial constraints still loom large in these spaces.
The Conditional Effects of Latino Candidates and Partisanship on Latino Turnout
Authors: Cuevas-Molina Ivelisse , Nteta Tatishe M. , Schaffner Brian , van Erve Wouter
Published: May 2022

Does the presence of a Latino congressional candidate increase Latino turnout? An ongoing debate exists regarding the mobilizing effect of Latino candidates on Latino turnout. However, scholars on both sides of this divide have, as of yet, failed to detect the critical role that a Latino candidate’s partisanship may have on Latino turnout. Using national turnout data and leveraging the exogenous shock of redistricting between 2010 and 2012, we find evidence that while the presence of a Latino congressional candidate increases turnout among Latino co-partisans, the presence of Latino congressional candidates who do not share the partisan identity of Latino voters depresses turnout. We conclude by emphasizing the importance of the reinforcing power of shared partisan and pan-ethnic identities in empowering Latinos to vote.
Factors Associated with Pulmonary Function Changes in Patients Undergoing Microwave Ablation for Pulmonary Ground-Glass Nodules
Authors: Wu Weida , Peng Jianyang , Gao Hongbin , Lin Yuanzhen , Lin Qunying , Weng Zhicheng
Published: May 2022

Purpose: Microwave ablation has become an alternative treatment for pulmonary ground-glass nodules (GGN) and is widely accepted by clinicians. However, its effect on lung function remains unknown. Therefore, this retrospective study aimed to explore pulmonary function changes and associated risk factors in patients undergoing computed tomography (CT)-guided microwave ablation (MWA) for treating pulmonary GGN. Materials and Methods: Thirty-five patients diagnosed with pulmonary GGN on thin-layer chest CT and enhanced CT were examined. Patients unable or unwilling to undergo thoracoscopic surgery underwent CT-guided simultaneous percutaneous core needle biopsy and MWA. Pulmonary function tests (PFT) were performed before ablation and 3 days and 6 months post-ablation. Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), FEV1%, forced vital capacity (FVC), maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV), and peak expiratory flow (PEF) values pre- and post-MWA were analysed. Linear regression analysis was used to examine the correlation between ablation volume and changes in PFT findings 3 days post-ablation. Associations between patient characteristics, rates of postoperative complications, and PFT findings were analysed. Results: Forty-eight lesions were completely ablated and examined intraoperatively. There were significant differences in pre- and post-operative PFT findings on day 3 but not at 6 months. The mean ablation volume after 3 days of 11.4 ± 6.3 cm3 was positively correlated with changes in FEV1, MVV, and PEF values. Patients’ age (mean, 59.4 ± 13.0 years) positively correlated with changes in PEF values. The rates of change in FVC and MVV values were significantly higher with multiple pulmonary nodules than with isolated pulmonary nodule. PFT findings were similar between patients who experienced or did not experience complications (eg, pneumothorax and pleural effusion). Conclusions: Pulmonary function could be impaired shortly after MWA. PFT findings may correlate with age, ablation volume, and number of ablated lesions. In most patients, pulmonary function returned to the preoperative state after 6 months.
Microaggressions, Everyday Discrimination, Workplace Incivilities, and Other Subtle Slights at Work: A Meta-Synthesis
Authors: Smith Iain A. , Griffiths Amanda
Published: May 2022

Subtle slights refer to a wide range of ambiguous negative interactions between people that may harm individual health, wellbeing and performance at work. This literature review aims to help human resource development practitioners and researchers understand the similarities and distinguishing features of disparate bodies of subtle slight research. A systematic review yielded 338 papers, the majority of which concerned three constructs: microaggressions, everyday discrimination and workplace incivilities. Meta-synthesis revealed that all three categories related to subtle, low-intensity interactions but differed in their descriptions of the type of perceived violation. The most common demographic factors under scrutiny were race or ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, and age. We propose a framework that involves four dimensions common to all subtle slights: type of violation, intensity, duration and intent (VIDI). This framework may help future efforts to understand, monitor and address this issue of contemporary concern in the workplace.
Schema Therapy in the Nursing Home Setting: A Case Study of a Cognitively Impaired Patient
Authors: Botter Leon , Gerritsen Debby L. , Oude Voshaar Richard C.
Published: May 2022

The use of schema therapy to treat personality disorders in older adults is gaining scientific attention. Personality disorders are prevalent in one out of ten older adults and have a detrimental effect on quality of life. Although 24% or more of nursing home residents may have personality disorders, psychotherapeutic treatment options in the case of comorbid cognitive impairment have not yet been studied. This study concerns a 63-year-old care-dependent male nursing home resident with a personality disorder, a substance use disorder, and several cognitive impairments due to cerebrovascular disease, who presented with complaints of loneliness, low self-esteem, sleeping problems and anger outbursts. Schema therapy was delivered based on the schema mode model for a period of 27 months. Post-treatment assessment demonstrated a decrease in early maladaptive schemas and dysfunctional schema modes and improved personality functioning overall. Although situational psychological distress fluctuated throughout treatment, quality of life improved after 7 months and remained stable onwards. Presented complaints either remitted or strongly diminished. Substance use was also addressed and was in remission for the last 20 months of therapy. This case study suggests that schema therapy is a viable treatment for older adults with personality disorders who present with cognitive impairments in nursing homes.
Faster Than Projected Healing in Chronic Venous and Diabetic Foot Ulcers When Treated with Intact Fish Skin Grafts Compared to Expected Healing Times for Standard of Care: An Outcome-Based Model from a Swiss Hospital
Authors: Zehnder Thomas , Blatti Marlise
Published: May 2022

Purpose: Inadequate response to wound management is defined as a reduction in the wound area of <40-50% following four weeks of standard of care (SOC) and should be managed with a skin substitute product. We set out to evaluate a novel outcome-based model focusing on the management of hard-to-heal venous leg ulcers (VLUs) and diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) using SOC treatment or intact fish skin grafts (FSGs) in a regional hospital. Methods: We built an outcome-based model applying surrogate markers and endpoints of wound healing for VLU and DFU to determine the healing trajectory with SOC treatment. We could predict if VLU and DFU would heal by weeks 20 and 24, respectively, after four weeks of evaluating the initial wound area reduction. 51 patients were recruited (26 VLUs and 25 DFUs) and 42 wounds were randomized. 17 wounds deemed unlikely to heal by week 8 received management with FSG as per the Swiss Society for Dermatology and Venereology (SGDV) and the Swiss Association for Woundcare (SAfW) guidelines for the use of skin replacement products, and 26 wounds continued SOC for weeks 5-8. Results/Discussion: 12 wounds managed with FSG beat the modeled SOC healing predictions, with the majority healed >50% sooner and as early as <10% of the time than was predicted. Of these 17, five wounds failed to achieve the required size reduction in Week 4-8 (over 25% improvement in wound area vs. SOC). The FSG were assigned to treatment-resistant VLU and DFUs and were still able to heal these wounds most of the time and even changed the wound's healing trajectory that increased in size in the initial four weeks. Conclusion: This pilot study showed that management with FSG results in faster healing wounds than SOC predicted, while SOC-treated wounds mostly followed model predictions.
Health Professionals’ Opinions About Secondary Prevention of Diabetes-Related Foot Disease
Authors: Drovandi Aaron , Seng Leonard , Crowley Benjamin , Fernando Malindu E , Golledge Jonathan
Published: May 2022

This study explored health professionals’ perceptions of current issues and opportunities for the secondary prevention of diabetes-related foot disease (DFD), and potential strategies for improving DFD care. From May to October 2020, relevant Australian health professionals completed an online survey which used ordinal scales, ranking questions, and open text fields to assess perceptions about the importance of aspects of secondary prevention for DFD and elements for a prevention program. Quantitative data were summarised and compared between professions using non-parametric tests, and qualitative data was analysed using conceptual content analysis to identify emerging themes. Perceptions from 116 health professionals with experience in managing patients with DFD were obtained, including 69 podiatrists, 21 vascular surgeons, 16 general practitioners, and ten nurses. Access and adherence to appropriate offloading footwear was perceived as a key element for effective DFD care, and believed to be affected by social and economic factors, such as the cost of footwear, as well as patient-related factors, such as motivation to wear footwear and adhere to other medical therapies. In addition to a lack of patient motivation and financial limitations, health professionals also believed patients lacked an understanding of the likelihood and severity of DFD recurrence. Several elements of care were perceived as missing from practice, including psychological support and ways to improve footwear adherence, with health professionals identifying several strategies for the design and implementation of an effective secondary prevention program. Prospective trials evaluating secondary prevention programs are required to determine the most effective means for preventing DFD recurrence.
Biobehavioral Pathways and Cancer Progression: Insights for Improving Well-Being and Cancer Outcomes
Authors: Chang Aeson , Sloan Erica K. , Antoni Michael H. , Knight Jennifer M. , Telles Rachel , Lutgendorf Susan K.
Published: May 2022

The relationship between psychosocial factors and cancer has intrigued people for centuries. In the last several decades there has been an expansion of mechanistic research that has revealed insights regarding how stress activates neuroendocrine stress-response systems to impact cancer progression. Here, we review emerging mechanistic findings on key pathways implicated in the effect of stress on cancer progression, including the cellular immune response, inflammation, angiogenesis, and metastasis, with a primary focus on the mediating role of the sympathetic nervous system. We discuss converging findings from preclinical and clinical cancer research that describe these pathways and research that reveals how these stress pathways may be targeted via pharmacological and mind-body based interventions. While further research is required, the body of work reviewed here highlights the need for and feasibility of an integrated approach to target stress pathways in cancer patients to achieve comprehensive cancer treatment.
Making a Self-Reliant Citizen: Technocracy, Rural Redevelopment and the Etawah Pilot
Authors: Ramaswamy Deepa
Published: May 2022

The essay traces the trajectory of India’s first rural development program, the Etawah Pilot program from 1948, which became part of the country’s first five-year plans in 1951 with the support of the US government and the Ford Foundation. With a focus on the project’s two central actors, US architect-planner Albert Mayer and Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, the essay argues that the Etawah Pilot program was a modernizing experiment in citizen assimilation that became a trans-national model for postwar development aid with the international architect-planner as the traveling technocrat set to develop expertise for newly independent nations.
Persistent Hemodynamic Depression After Carotid Artery Stenting: A Review and Update
Authors: Liu Xiaowei , Zheng Peilin , Xu Xuejun , Tu Yiting
Published: May 2022

According to the American Heart Association, ischemic stroke is the second leading cause of death globally and is responsible for approximately 11% of deaths. Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is the standard treatment for moderate or severe extracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) stenoses. With the development of materials and technology in neurointervention, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) have proposed that carotid artery stenting (CAS) can serve as an alternative treatment for CEA. As CAS is widely used worldwide, comorbidities, especially persistent hemodynamic depression (PHD) and stroke, have attracted public attention. In this review, we summarized the current advances in PHD after CAS. A better understanding of CAS-related PHD may inspire the design of potential prognostic and therapeutic tools.
Effects of Telehealth Parent Coaching in Supporting Family Participation, Cohesion, and Adaptability
Authors: Smith Sarah L. , Aytur Semra A. , Humphreys Betsy P.
Published: May 2022

Families provide foundational contexts in which most children develop and grow. For families of children with special health care needs (CSHCN), interdisciplinary supports can build family participation capacities, beyond individualistic child supports. This single-group pretest–posttest quasi-experimental study sought to determine the preliminary effects of the Healthy Families Flourish Program (HFFP), a telehealth occupation-based parent coaching intervention to promote participation, cohesion, adaptability, and communication for families of CSHCN. Eleven families, including 17 parents and 27 children, completed the 10-session intervention consisting of parent education and individualized coaching. Participants completed the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, Goal Attainment Scaling, and the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales pre-/post-intervention. Within-group comparisons showed improvements in family participation, cohesion, adaptability, and communication with Cohen’s d effect sizes ranging from 0.55-3.32. Researchers found positive relationships between family participation and cohesion as well as participation and adaptability. Findings provide considerations for supporting families within socioecological contexts.
Differences in Meaning of Occupations Between Children With and Without Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Authors: Rosenberg Limor , Cohen Erez Adi
Published: May 2022

Engaging children in meaningful occupations is a means of improving their participation. The objective of this study is to assess differences in dimensions of meaning of occupations—challenge, value, felt time, and autonomy—between children with and without neurodevelopmental disorders and their associations with the participation of each group. Thirty children with neurodevelopmental disorders (autism spectrum disorder [ASD]/attention deficit hyperactive disorder [ADHD]) and 30 typically developing children ( M age = 9.37 ± 1.41 years) reported regarding dimensions of meaning of occupations. Their parents reported regarding children’s participation. Children with neurodevelopmental disorders attach different meanings to their everyday activities than their typically developing peers, with a large effect size ([Formula: see text] = .07–.12). For children with neurodevelopmental disorders, the value and autonomy dimensions of meaning were correlated with participation. The findings expand knowledge of occupational meaning and participation among children. To optimize the participation of children, occupational therapists should facilitate autonomy and engage children in activities that they value.
Patient and Public Involvement in Occupational Therapy Health Research: A Scoping Review
Authors: Røssvoll Toril Beate , Hanssen Tove Aminda , Rosenvinge Jan H. , Liabo Kristin , Pettersen Gunn
Published: May 2022

Patient and public involvement (PPI) in research has the potential to improve research validity and relevance. Objectives: To explore how PPI has been carried out and how its impacts have been reported in occupational therapy (OT) health research. Methodology: Scoping review based on a search in four databases for OT research with descriptions of PPI, published between 2010 and 2020. Results: Across the 17 included studies PPI was reported in all stages of research. Descriptions of how PPI was carried out varied across the studies, and details with respect to the kind of approach used were lacking. Positive impacts on research design, research ethics, public collaborators and researchers were reported, but only anecdotally. Reflections and challenges related to PPI were also addressed. Implications: In future studies, comprehensiveness and consistency is needed to document the diversity of how PPI is carried out in OT health research.
Upper Extremity Contralaterally Controlled Functional Electrical Stimulation Versus Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation in Post-Stroke Individuals: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Loh Mei-Sean , Kuan Yi-Chun , Wu Chin-Wen , Liao Chun-De , Hong Jia-Pei , Chen Hung-Chou
Published: May 2022

Background

Electrical stimulation has been employed as a safe and effective therapy for improving arm function after stroke. Contralaterally controlled functional electrical stimulation (CCFES) is a unique method that has progressed from application in small feasibility studies to implementation in several randomized controlled trials. However, no meta-analysis has been conducted to summarize its efficacy.

Objective

To summarize the effect size of CCFES through measures of upper extremity motor recovery compared with that of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES).

Methods

The PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases were searched. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were selected and subjected to meta-analysis and risk of bias assessment.

Results

6 RCTs were selected and 267 participants were included. The Upper Extremity Fugl-Meyer assessment (UEFMA) was included in all studies, the Box and Blocks test (BBT) and active range of motion (AROM) were included in 3 and 4 studies, respectively. The modified Barthel Index (mBI) and Arm Motor Abilities Test (AMAT) were included in 2 and 3 studies, respectively. The CCFES group demonstrated greater improvement than the NMES did in UEFMA (SMD = .42, 95% CI = .07–.76), BBT (SMD = .48, 95% CI = .10–.86), AROM (SMD = .54, 95% CI = .23–.86), and mBI (SMD = .54, 95% CI = .12–.97). However, the results for AMAT did not differ significantly (SMD = .34, 95% CI = −.03–.72).

Conclusion

Contralaterally controlled functional electrical stimulation produced greater improvements in upper extremity hemiplegia in people with stroke than NMES did. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021245831
Leader Attentive Communication: A new Communication Concept, Validation and Scale Development
Authors: Decuypere Anouk , Pircher Verdorfer Armin
Published: May 2022

Effective communication is a foundational leadership skill. Many leadership theories implicitly assume communication skills, without investigating them behaviorally. To be able to research leader communication as a building block of effective leader behavior, we propose a new concept, i.e., leader attentive communication which refers to “an open-minded, attentive demeanor while in a conversation with an employee”. Instead of focusing on the content or form of the communication, we propose to study the communication skills of the leader from the viewpoint of the employee. In this article, we both validate a questionnaire and test LAC's influence on employee wellbeing in four different studies. We use information from 1,320 employees and their leaders, in 422 teams, in 3 different datasets. The result is a 10-item questionnaire with 2 dimensions consisting of general attention (towards the employee) and attention to non-verbal cues. We also find that LAC is associated with work engagement, psychological needs and Kahn's conditions for work engagement. With this questionnaire, we contribute to calls for a more behavioral, detailed view on leader communication behavior.
Trapeziometacarpal Joint Arthrodesis Using a Cannulated Compression Screw and Locking Plate Construct
Authors: Save Ameya V. , Wolfe Scott W. , Victoria Christian , Osei Daniel A.
Published: May 2022

Background: Trapeziometacarpal (TMC) arthrodesis is an established surgical option for the treatment of basal joint osteoarthritis. It has traditionally been indicated in younger, higher demand patients who would benefit from the increased strength afforded by a stable thumb base. Trapeziometacarpal arthrodesis has a higher reported complication rate than other treatment options, including nonunion and symptomatic hardware. Description of Technique: We describe a novel construct for TMC joint arthrodesis using a cannulated headless screw to compress the arthrodesis site and a low-profile locking plate to neutralize the considerable musculotendinous forces crossing the joint. Patients and Methods: We performed a retrospective review of 10 patients treated with this fusion construct between June 2019 and February 2021. Results: The average patient age was 56.5 years; 7 patients were female and 3 were male. The mean pain score, on a 0 to 10 point scale, decreased from 7.2 preoperatively to 1.6 at final postoperative follow-up. All patients achieved bony union; none underwent removal of hardware. Conclusions: Given the high reported rate of nonunion following TMC arthrodesis in the literature, improvements in surgical technique are needed. In a small cohort of patients, we report favorable outcomes with a new technique for TMC arthrodesis.
Intraoperative Collateral Drainage Evaluation Before Superior Caval Interruption in Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection Repair
Authors: Affronti Alessandro , Sandoval Elena , Quintana Eduard , Pruna-Guillen Robert , Pereda Daniel
Published: May 2022

A superior sinus venosus atrial septal defect and partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection was corrected by a minimally invasive approach by permanently ligating the superior vena cava and a single pericardial patch for rerouting the flow through the enlarged interatrial communication. The patient had persistency of the left superior vena cava draining in the coronary sinus but no innominate vein. This anatomy poses a risk of developing right-sided superior vena cava syndrome. In this article, we describe our intraoperative strategy to assess the safety of this approach in such cases, which facilitates minimally invasive repair and avoids the most important complications of conventional repair.
Stress Correlates Related to Depressive Symptoms Among Young Black Men in Southern California
Authors: King Keyonna M. , Key-Hagan Markisha , Desai Avni , Mundy Tehani , Shittu Atinuke K. , Roberts Lisa R. , Montgomery Simone , Clarke Martina , Idoate Regina , Michaud Tzeyu L. , Ramos Athena K. , Strong Sheritta , Thorpe Roland J. , Montgomery Susanne B.
Published: May 2022

Black men experience higher levels of chronic stress, life stressors, and discrimination due to oppressive social and economic conditions. Black men are at greater risk of depression, but most published research on stress and depression has focused on Black people in general, Black women, or older Black men. We sought to determine whether discrimination, perceived stress, major life stress, daily hassles, and social capital were associated with depressive symptoms in young Black men. Survey data were collected from April 2010 to March 2012 in Southern California from a convenience sample of Black men ( N = 201). We used two-sample t tests and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to examine the association of stress correlates with depressive symptoms. Logistic regression was conducted to estimate the likelihood of reporting depressive symptoms for each significant correlate. Over half of the sample reported depressive symptoms. Health status, perceived discrimination, urban hassles, perceived stress, and neighborhood trust and safety were significantly related to depressive symptoms. Those who reported higher perceived stress had higher odds of reporting depressive symptoms, whereas lower everyday discrimination experiences were associated with lower odds of depressive symptoms. Future studies should consider examining the effectiveness of embedding coping mechanisms for stress, including perceived discrimination, in health interventions for young Black men to prevent or reduce depression.
Investigate the effect of inlaid yarn on the mechanical properties and dimension stability of the weft-knitted double jersey structures for protective application
Authors: Anas Muhammad Sohaib , Azam Zeeshan , Waqas Muhammad , Gull Zarnab
Published: May 2022

Knitted fabrics finds wide applications in functional/protective areas, as the advancements in textile Industry happens. These fabrics were famous for their stretchable structure and soft feel. This study investigates the mechanical performance, stability, and puncture of weft knitted structures with and without inlay yarns. Specimens were developed using Jute and Flax yarn as inlay yarn while Kevlar® (para-aramid) and polyester yarn as main yarn. Main and inlay yarn effect on tensile strength, elongation, stretch and recovery, and puncture resistance was characterized. The results reveal that mechanical performance and stability of fabric were significantly increased with inlay yarn in the course direction. On the other hand, expansion was greatly reduced, but higher growth was observed in rib specimens without inlay yarn.
Ten-Year Trends in Level of Evidence in Hand Surgery
Authors: Tompkins Reid E. , Polmear Michael M. , Klahs Kyle J. , Scanaliato John P. , Nesti Leon J. , Dunn John C.
Published: May 2022

Background:

The purposes of this study were to analyze the trends in Oxford level of evidence (LOE), LOE of most-cited articles, and association between LOE and journal impact factor (IF) and SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) over a 10-year period (2009-2018) in 3 prominent hand surgery journals, specifically HAND, Journal of Hand Surgery ( American Volume) ( JHS), and Journal of Hand Surgery ( European Volume) ( JHSE).

Methods:

All articles published from 2009 to 2018 in HAND, JHS, and JHSE were reviewed for assigned or available LOE. Data were pooled and analyzed for trends in LOE; relationship among IF, SJR, and LOE; and citation density.

Results:

A total of 3921 total publications were tabulated from 2009 to 2018, with the majority of studies being level V (1700, 43%) and fewer studies being level I (146, 4%). Over the 10-year study period, there was no significant change in frequency of level I studies for any journal. HAND trended significantly toward higher LOE, JHS trended toward higher LOE, and JHSE trended toward decreased LOE without significance. Among all journals, the annual number of articles and the average LOE were independent significant predictors of IF and SJR. Statistically significant correlations were found between citation density and LOE for JHS and HAND.

Conclusions:

Higher quality evidence is becoming more prevalent in the hand surgery literature over the past 10 years. Annual articles, average LOE, and level I and II and level IV articles were significant predictors of increasing IF and SJR.
Response of Iron Deficiency Markers to Blood Lead Levels and Synergistic Outcomes at Prenatal Stage
Authors: Arshad Shafia , Arif Amina , Wattoo Javed I.
Published: May 2022

Lead may be passed on from a mother to their unborn fetus. If she has been exposed to lead for an extended period, the lead deposited in their bones can be stimulated to be released into the bloodstream during gestation. This study was planned to examine blood lead level at the prenatal stage and its response to markers of iron deficiency during gestation. We collected 396 samples during the second trimester of gestation from women age 19 to 45 years. Hematological markers including hemoglobin, hepcidin, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), ferritin, and blood iron were analyzed. For the detection of blood lead, we used Atomic absorption spectroscopy. The mean blood lead level of the control group was 3.25 ± .407 μg/dL, and in the iron deficiency group, it was 7.96 ± .502 μg/dL. At the same time, the women with iron deficiency anemia showed 22.12 ± 1.02 μg/dL of mean blood lead. Pearson’s approach showed a non-significant negative correlation between blood lead and hepcidin, while hemoglobin, total iron-binding capacity, ferritin, and serum iron showed a significant (.01) negative correlation with blood lead. Blood lead has no direct effect on iron deficiency markers. In contrast, iron deficiency contributes to an increase in lead accumulation during pregnancy. Iron and lead both have an impact on the heme-biosynthetic pathways. The study revealed that pre-existing iron deficiency is connected with increased lead intake and can negatively impact health in gestational females.
Application of convolutional network models in detection of intracranial aneurysms: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Abdollahifard Saeed , Farrokhi Amirmohammad , Kheshti Fatemeh , Jalali Mahtab , Mowla Ashkan
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Intracranial aneurysms have a high prevalence in human population. It also has a heavy burden of disease and high mortality rate in the case of rupture. Convolutional neural network(CNN) is a type of deep learning architecture which has been proven powerful to detect intracranial aneurysms.

Methods

Four databases were searched using artificial intelligence, intracranial aneurysms, and synonyms to find eligible studies. Articles which had applied CNN for detection of intracranial aneurisms were included in this review. Sensitivity and specificity of the models and human readers regarding modality, size, and location of aneurysms were sought to be extracted. Random model was the preferred model for analyses using CMA 2 to determine pooled sensitivity and specificity.

Results

Overall, 20 studies were used in this review. Deep learning models could detect intracranial aneurysms with a sensitivity of 90/6% (CI: 87/2–93/2%) and specificity of 94/6% (CI: 0/914–0/966). CTA was the most sensitive modality (92.0%(CI:85/2–95/8%)). Overall sensitivity of the models for aneurysms more than 3 mm was above 98% (98%-100%) and 74.6 for aneurysms less than 3 mm. With the aid of AI, the clinicians’ sensitivity increased to 12/8% and interrater agreement to 0/193.

Conclusion

CNN models had an acceptable sensitivity for detection of intracranial aneurysms, surpassing human readers in some fields. The logical approach for application of deep learning models would be its use as a highly capable assistant. In essence, deep learning models are a groundbreaking technology that can assist clinicians and allow them to diagnose intracranial aneurysms more accurately.
Dual antiplatelet use in the management of COVID-19 associated acute ischemic stroke reocclusion
Authors: Feler Joshua , Chuck Carlin , Anderson Matthew , Poggi Jonathan , Sweeney Joseph , Moldovan Krisztina , Jayaraman Mahesh V. , McTaggart Ryan , Torabi Radmehr
Published: May 2022

Intro

SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection is associated with acute ischemic stroke (AIS), which may be due to a prothrombotic state. Early reports have suggested high rates of reocclusion following mechanical thrombectomy (MT) with poor radiographic and clinical outcomes. We report our early experience using intra-procedural antithrombotics to address SARS-CoV-2 reocclusion.

Methods

We identified 6 patients that experienced early reocclusion after MT for COVID-19-associated AIS through retrospective chart review abstracting their basic demographics, COVID-19 status, and stroke management. All these patients were treated after reocclusion with aspirin and cangrelor intra-procedurally, the latter of which was converted to ticagrelor post-procedurally. Some patients additionally received argatroban infusion intraprocedurally.

Results

Mean age was 54. There were 3 post-procedural and 3 intra-procedural re-occlusions. After repeat thrombectomy and treatment with aspirin and cangrelor, those with post-procedure reocclusion did not show further reocclusion, while those with intra-procedural reocclusion showed radiographic improvement with intraprocedural cangrelor administration. Outcomes for these patients were poor, with a median mRS of 4. Two patients developed petechial hemorrhage of their stroke which was managed conservatively, and one developed a retroperitoneal hemorrhage from femoral access requiring transfusion. There were no patients who developed new parenchymal hematomas.

Conclusion

COVID-19 AIS may be associated with a hypercoagulable state which risks malignant reocclusion complicating MT. We found antithrombotic treatment periprocedural cangrelor with or without argatroban transitioned to oral aspirin with ticagrelor to be a viable method for management of these patients.
Balloon-mounting stent for intracranial arterial stenosis: A comprehensive and comparative systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Abdollahifard Saeed , Yousefi Omid , Kamran Hooman , Mowla Ashkan
Published: May 2022

Introduction

As one of the major causes of acute ischemic stroke, intracranial arterial stenosis necessitates an intervention that ranges from medical treatment to balloon angioplasty and stenting. Self-expandable stents (SES) and balloon-mounted stents (BMS) are two types of stents and their comparative efficacy and safety for intracranial stenosis are not well established.

Methods

Studies that investigate balloon-mounted stenting for intracranial stenosis were extracted from PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane library. We sought to gather data on the success rate, change in mean arterial stenosis, and complications such as minor and major stroke and death (MMD), symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, myocardial infarction, all-cause mortality, and in-stent re-stenosis.

Results

3049 patients from 35 studies were included in this study. 20 studies investigated BMS alone and others compared BMS with SES. BMS was significantly more effective in reducing the degree of stenosis compared to SES (Difference in mean −5.953, CI 95% −7.727 to −4.179), had less complications compared to SES such as MMD (8.5% vs. 11.2%) and less in-stent re-stenosis (18.6% vs. 19.6%), but patients with SES experienced a lower rate of all-cause mortality(1.7% vs. 4.1%).

Conclusion

Intracranial stenting with BMS is more effective in reducing the degree of stenosis and has lower rates of complications when compared to SES.