bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between proteinuria and retinal vein occlusion in individuals with preserved renal function: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Fujita Asahi , Hashimoto Yohei , Okada Akira , Obata Ryo , Aihara Makoto , Matsui Hiroki , Yasunaga Hideo
Published: May 2022

Purpose

To investigate the association between proteinuria and the incidence of retinal vein occlusion (RVO) in individuals with preserved renal function.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study from 2005 to 2020 using the JMDC Claims Database, a large database of health check‐ups and administrative claims in Japan. Individuals who underwent annual health check‐ups were included. Participants were classified into three groups based on the protein concentration in their urine: negative (≤10 mg/dl), trace (10–30 mg/dl) and positive (≥30 mg/dl). We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for the development of RVO using Cox regression analyses with adjustment for baseline characteristics by the matching weights calculated from the multiple propensity scores. The cumulative incidence of RVO between the weighted groups was calculated using the Kaplan–Meier estimator.

Results

There were 1 635 212 eligible participants, among whom 2360 developed RVO. The mean follow‐up period was 1036 ± 951 days. The adjusted HRs for RVO were 1.10 (95% confidence interval 0.92–1.33) and 1.46 (1.19–1.78) in the groups with trace and positive proteinuria compared with negative proteinuria respectively. The cumulative incidence rates of RVO at 7 years were 0.40%, 0.43% and 0.55% in the groups with negative, trace and positive proteinuria, respectively.

Conclusion

Positive proteinuria was independently associated with an increased incidence of RVO in individuals with preserved renal function. Proteinuria may be a novel risk factor for RVO development.
New temporal concepts of acculturation in immigrant youth
Authors: Titzmann Peter F. , Lee Richard M.
Published: May 2022

Acculturation unfolds over time, but research on acculturation often does not account for developmental processes. Recent studies introduced several novel temporal concepts of acculturation processes to understand more fully how immigrant youth adapt to new cultural contexts. In this review, we describe these new temporal concepts of acculturation: Acculturative timing refers to youth's age at time of migration (chronological timing), the actual start of acculturative changes (which may occur before or after physical migration, also called transition timing), and the deviation in acculturative change from peers and relevant others from the same cohort and context (relative timing). Acculturation tempo is the duration of acculturation processes from start to a defined end. Acculturation pace is the speed at which acculturation occurs. Acculturation synchrony describes whether adaptation unfolds at the same or different times across different spheres of life. We also present empirical evidence for the predictive utility of the new temporal concepts and provide methodological guidelines on how to measure and assess these concepts.
Melatonin alleviates vascular endothelial cell damage by regulating an autophagy‐apoptosis axis in Kawasaki disease
Authors: Zheng Yuanzheng , Huang Saihua , Zhang Jialing , Hou Jia , Wu Fang , Wang Wenji , Han Xiao , Gui Yonghao
Published: May 2022

Objectives

Melatonin has been reported to be an appropriate candidate for mitigating various cardiovascular injuries, owing to its versatility. This study aimed to explore the role of melatonin in Kawasaki disease (KD)‐associated vasculitis and its underlying mechanisms.

Material and Methods

The role of melatonin was evaluated in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs), peripheral blood mononuclear cells from KD patients, human THP1 cell line in vitro, and a Candida albicans water‐soluble fraction (CAWS)‐induced KD mouse model in vivo. Cell proliferation assay, cell apoptosis assay, cell co‐culture, RNA extraction, RNA sequencing, reverse transcription quantitative PCR, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), transwell assay, western blot, dual‐luciferase reporter assay, and autophagic flux assay were performed to investigate the function and regulatory mechanisms of melatonin in vitro, while haematoxylin and eosin staining, Verhoeff's van Gieson staining, ELISA, and immunohistochemical analysis were performed to detect the effect of melatonin in vivo.

Results

Melatonin suppressed cell apoptosis directly reduced the expression of endothelial cell damage markers in HCAECs, and alleviated vasculitis in the CAWS‐induced KD mouse model. Mechanistically, melatonin promoted autophagy by activating the melatonin/ melatonin receptor (MT)/cAMP‐response element binding protein (CREB) pathway and upregulating the expression of autophagy‐related gene‐3, thereby suppressing cell apoptosis in an autophagy‐dependent manner. Additionally, melatonin decreased the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in macrophages and indirectly reduced the immunopathological damage of HCAECs.

Conclusions

This study revealed that melatonin protects vascular endothelial cells in KD, by suppressing cell apoptosis in an autophagy‐dependent manner and reducing the immunopathological damage mediated by macrophages.
ccr7 affects both morphogenesis and differentiation during early Xenopus embryogenesis
Authors: Goto Toshiyasu , Michiue Tatsuo , Shibuya Hiroshi
Published: May 2022

Chemokines play important roles in early embryogenesis, including morphogenesis and cell differentiation, before the immune system is established. We characterized Xenopus laevis CC‐type chemokine receptor 7 S (ccr7.S) to clarify its role during early development. ccr7 transcripts were detected ubiquitously in early embryos. Dorsal overexpression of ccr7.S inhibited gastrulation, and ccr7.S mRNA‐injected embryos had short axes and widely opened neural folds. Because the Keller sandwich explants of the injected embryos elongated well, ccr7.S might affect cell migration, but not convergent extension movements. Ventral ccr7.S overexpression induced secondary axes and chrd.1 upregulation in gastrula‐stage embryos. Animal cap assays showed increased expression of neural and cement gland marker genes at later stages. Ccr7.S knockdown reduced chrd.1 expression and inhibited gastrulation at the dorsal side. Our findings suggest that ccr7.S plays important roles in morphogenetic movement and cell differentiation.
Ad maiorem Dei gloriam: Numeracy levels in the Guarani Jesuit missions
Authors: Gómez‐i‐Aznar Èric
Published: May 2022

This work provides data on human capital for the Guarani Jesuit missions during the eighteenth century. Based on the age heaping methodology, the results of a large sample (over 3600 observations) suggest that the knowledge of numerical skills in these missions was exceptional. A comparison with other regions and locations with different institutional frameworks, religious or otherwise, or led by other religious orders, confirms the exceptionality of the Guarani Jesuit missions. The model of these missions, based on productive self‐sufficiency and egalitarian and cohesive social organisation, as well as respect for the pre‐existing culture exemplified by their Guaranisation and adaptation to the Guarani world view and language, could explain their successful educational performance and the intergenerational transmission of human capital beyond the disappearance of the Jesuit missions after 1767.
Statins as antiepileptogenic drugs: Analyzing the evidence and identifying the most promising statin
Authors: Hufthy Yousif , Bharadwaj Mahima , Gupta Shubhi , Hussain Delwar , Joseph Prince Josiah Sajanthan , Khan Alizah , King Jessica , Lahorgue Pieter , Jayawardena Ovin , Rostami‐Hochaghan Danial , Smith Chloe , Marson Anthony , Mirza Nasir
Published: May 2022

Many brain insults and injuries are “epileptogenic”: they increase the risk of developing epilepsy. It is desirable to identify treatments that are “antiepileptogenic”: treatments that prevent the development of epilepsy, if administered after the occurrence of an epileptogenic insult. Current antiepileptic drugs are not antiepileptogenic, but evidence of antiepileptogenic efficacy is accumulating for a growing number of other compounds. From among these candidate compounds, statins are deserving of particular attention because statins are reported to be antiepileptogenic in more published studies and in a wider range of brain insults than any other individual or class of compounds. Although many studies report the antiepileptogenic effect of statins, it is unclear how many studies provide evidence that statins exhibit the following two essential features of a clinically viable antiepileptogenic drug: the drug must exert an antiepileptogenic effect even if it is initiated after the epileptogenic brain insult has already occurred, and the antiepileptogenic effect must endure even after the drug has been discontinued. In the current work, we interrogate published preclinical and clinical studies, to determine if statins fulfill these essential requirements. There are eight different statins in clinical use. To enable the clinical use of one of these statins for antiepileptogenesis, its antiepileptogenic effect will have to be established through future time‐ and resource‐intensive clinical trials. Therefore, it is desirable to review the published literature to determine which of the statins emerges as the most promising candidate for antiepileptogenic therapy. Hence, in the current work, we also collate and analyze published data—clinical and pre‐clinical, direct and indirect—that help to answer the question: Which statin is the most promising candidate to take forward into an antiepileptogenesis clinical trial?
Dual nature of mouse periderm structure, function and fate
Authors: Panteleyev Andrey A.
Published: May 2022

The periderm is the outer layer of embryonic skin, which is essential for the development of the epidermis and the establishment of its barrier function. In humans, the periderm is a monolayer and is shed prenatally. The structure and fate of the mouse periderm remain puzzling. Using electron microscopy of mouse skin between the embryonic day 14.5 and the postnatal Day 2, we have assessed the periderm structure and its shedding patterns. In contrast to human periderm, the mouse periderm appears to be bilayered, comprising a presumably absorptive outer periderm with numerous microvilli and an inner periderm packed with specific (glycogen‐containing?) granules. The desmosomes between the inner periderm and the underlying epidermis are scarce, and they are totally absent between the inner and the outer periderm. The inner and outer periderms in mice are shed at different stages of development: the outer periderm is shed in utero in conjunction with barrier acquisition (E16‐18), while the inner periderm is retained postnatally. We assume that the bilayered structure of the mouse periderm and the postnatal retention of its inner layer represent the evolutionary adaptations in ancestral rodents which helps altricial newborns of their extant descendants to cope with acute dehydration right after birth and/or provides a substrate for proper bacterial colonization of newborn skin.
Impacts of artificial light at night in marine ecosystems—A review
Authors: Marangoni Laura F. B. , Davies Thomas , Smyth Tim , Rodríguez Airam , Hamann Mark , Duarte Cristian , Pendoley Kellie , Berge Jørgen , Maggi Elena , Levy Oren
Published: May 2022

The globally widespread adoption of Artificial Light at Night (ALAN) began in the mid‐20th century. Yet, it is only in the last decade that a renewed research focus has emerged into its impacts on ecological and biological processes in the marine environment that are guided by natural intensities, moon phase, natural light and dark cycles and daily light spectra alterations. The field has diversified rapidly from one restricted to impacts on a handful of vertebrates, to one in which impacts have been quantified across a broad array of marine and coastal habitats and species. Here, we review the current understanding of ALAN impacts in diverse marine ecosystems. The review presents the current state of knowledge across key marine and coastal ecosystems (sandy and rocky shores, coral reefs and pelagic) and taxa (birds and sea turtles), introducing how ALAN can mask seabird and sea turtle navigation, cause changes in animals predation patterns and failure of coral spawning synchronization, as well as inhibition of zooplankton Diel Vertical Migration. Mitigation measures are recommended, however, while strategies for mitigation were easily identified, barriers to implementation are poorly understood. Finally, we point out knowledge gaps that if addressed would aid in the prediction and mitigation of ALAN impacts in the marine realm.
Four decades of climatic fluctuations and fish recruitment stability across a marine‐freshwater gradient
Authors: Colombano Denise D. , Carlson Stephanie M. , Hobbs James A. , Ruhi Albert
Published: May 2022

Investigating the effects of climatic variability on biological diversity, productivity, and stability is key to understanding possible futures for ecosystems under accelerating climate change. A critical question for estuarine ecosystems is, how does climatic variability influence juvenile recruitment of different fish species and life histories that use estuaries as nurseries? Here we examined spatiotemporal abundance trends and environmental responses of 18 fish species that frequently spend the juvenile stage rearing in the San Francisco Estuary, CA, USA. First, we constructed multivariate autoregressive state‐space models using age‐0 fish abundance, freshwater flow (flow), and sea surface temperature data (SST) collected over four decades. Next, we calculated coefficients of variation (CV) to assess portfolio effects (1) within and among species, life histories (anadromous, marine opportunist, or estuarine dependent), and the whole community; and (2) within and among regions of the estuary. We found that species abundances varied over space and time (increasing, decreasing, or dynamically stable); and in 83% of cases, in response to environmental conditions (wet/dry, cool/warm periods). Anadromous species responded strongly to flow in the upper estuary, marine opportunist species responded to flow and/or SST in the lower estuary, and estuarine dependent species had diverse responses across the estuary. Overall, the whole community when considered across the entire estuary had the lowest CV, and life histories and species provided strong biological insurance to the portfolio (2.4‐ to 3.5‐fold increases in stability, respectively). Spatial insurance also increased stability, although to a lesser extent (up to 1.6‐fold increases). Our study advances the notion that fish recruitment stability in estuaries is controlled by biocomplexity—life history diversity and spatiotemporal variation in the environment. However, intensified drought and marine heatwaves may increase the risk of multiple consecutive recruitment failures by synchronizing species dynamics and trajectories via Moran effects, potentially diminishing estuarine nursery function.
Recent development on recovering bioactive peptides and phenolic compounds from under‐utilised by‐products during production of certain edible oil plants: current situation and future perspectives
Authors: Karami Zohreh , Akbari‐adergani Behrouz , Duangmal Kiattisak
Published: May 2022

During the edible oil production process, massive amounts of by‐products are generated each year that are not efficiently utilised, posing economic and environmental challenges. Under‐utilised products derived from valuable oil‐plants such as oil‐extracted wheat germ, oil‐extracted moringa seed, oil‐extracted walnut and flaxseed meal will be increased, and new integration concepts will be required as soon as possible. These underutilised products can be rich sources of phenolic compounds and bioactive peptides with appropriate health‐promoting properties such as anti‐diabetic, antioxidant, anti‐hypertensive, anti‐inflammatory, anticancer and antibacterial properties, according to this review. The recovery of bioactive compounds from these by‐products can go a long way toward ensuring a sustainable food supply. Current challenges and requirements for recovering bioactive peptides and phenolic compounds from underutilised products derived from valuable oil‐plants as well as the relationship between their biological activity and structure are discussed in this study.
Effects of high‐pressure pretreatment on acid extraction of pectin from pomelo peel
Authors: Duan Hanying , Yan Xu , Azarakhsh Nima , Huang Xuesong , Wang Chao
Published: May 2022

To explore the effects of high‐pressure processing (HPP) pretreatment on pectin extraction from pomelo albedo, the extraction yield, and characteristics of pectin were compared with those obtained via traditional acid (A‐pectin) extraction. Three different pressures (300, 450, and 600 MPa) and holding times (0, 5, and 10 min) were applied to the fresh albedo, followed by acid extraction. The yield, degree of esterification (DE), galacturonic acid (GalA) content, Fourier transform‐infrared (FT‐IR) spectra, and rheological properties of pectin were investigated. By comparison with A‐pectin, the yield increased by more than two and four times at 300 MPa at holding times of 5 and 10 min, respectively. All extracted pectins were high methoxyl pectins (DE of 76.30–87.83%) with high GalA content (62.3–86.60%); however, there were significant decreases in DE and GalA content when pressure was increased to 600 MPa in comparison with A‐pectin. The pressure level and holding time significantly influenced the viscosity of pectin, and HPP‐pectin 300‐5, 450‐10, and 600‐0 exhibited a much higher viscosity than A‐pectin. Consequently, this study demonstrated that HPP pretreatment of fresh albedo can increase extraction yield and/or alter pectin characteristics for further industrial applications.
5‐Aminolevulinic acid has the potential to prevent bladder dysfunction in cyclophosphamide‐induced hemorrhagic cystitis
Authors: Kuno Takahira , Shimizu Takahiro , Kawada Chiaki , Kurabayashi Atsushi , Zou Suo , Mogawa Hiroki , Tsuda Masayuki , Saito Motoaki , Inoue Keiji
Published: May 2022

Objectives

To investigate the effects of pretreatment with 5‐aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride combined with sodium ferrous citrate on bladder dysfunction in cyclophosphamide‐induced hemorrhagic cystitis in rats.

Methods

Male Wistar rats (340–460 g) were pretreated with vehicle or with 5‐aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride combined with sodium ferrous citrate (100/157 or 300/471 mg/kg/day, po) once daily for 7 days before cystometry. Saline or cyclophosphamide (150 mg/kg, ip) was administered 2 days before cystometry. Cystometry was performed under urethane anesthesia (0.8 g/kg, ip) via a catheter inserted into the bladder. After cystometry, bladder tissues were collected to perform hematoxylin and eosin staining for pathological evaluation (neutrophil infiltration, edema, and bleeding scores), and for enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and real‐time polymerase chain reaction for investigating tissue levels of myeloperoxidase, and mRNA levels of haem oxygenase‐1 as a cytoprotective molecule.

Results

Compared to controls, cyclophosphamide induced a shorter intercontraction interval, lower bladder compliance, increased number of non‐voiding contractions, and increased pathological scores and myeloperoxidase expression in the bladder. Pretreatment with 5‐aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride combined with sodium ferrous citrate (300/471 mg/kg/day) significantly improved cyclophosphamide‐induced intercontraction interval shortening and increases in number of non‐voiding contractions and neutrophil infiltration/bleeding scores and enhanced haem oxygenase‐1 expression in the bladder. In addition, cyclophosphamide‐induced decreases in bladder compliance and increases in myeloperoxidase were not detected with 5‐aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride combined with sodium ferrous citrate pretreatment.

Conclusions

Pretreatment with 5‐aminolevulinic acid expects protective effects on bladder dysfunction in cyclophosphamide‐induced hemorrhagic cystitis by improving inflammatory changes in bladder tissues perhaps via up‐regulation of haem oxygenase‐1.
The metabolic characteristic of decidual immune cells and their unique properties in pregnancy loss*
Authors: Zhang Tao , Shen Hui‐Hui , Qin Xue‐Yun , Li Ming‐Qing
Published: May 2022

Maternal tolerance to semi‐ or fully allograft conceptus is a prerequisite for the maintenance of pregnancy. Once this homeostasis is disrupted, it may result in pregnancy loss. As a potential approach to prevent pregnancy loss, targeting decidual immune cells (DICs) at the maternal‐fetal interface has been suggested. Although the phenotypic features and functions of DIC have been extensively profiled, the regulatory pathways for this unique immunological adaption have yet to be elucidated. In recent years, a pivotal mechanism has been highlighted in the area of immunometabolism, by which the changes in intracellular metabolic pathways in DIC and interaction with the adjacent metabolites in the microenvironment can alter their phenotypes and function. More inspiringly, the manipulation of metabolic profiling in DIC provides a novel avenue for the prevention and treatment of pregnancy loss. Herein, this review highlights the major metabolic programs (specifically, glycolysis, ATP‐adenosine metabolism, lysophosphatidic acid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism) in multiple immune cells (including decidual NK cells, macrophages, and T cells) and their integrations with the metabolic microenvironment in normal pregnancy. Importantly, this perspective may help to provide a potential therapeutic strategy for reducing pregnancy loss via targeting this interplay.
Two years into the pandemic massive investment in nursing is more urgent than ever
Authors: Catton Howard
Published: May 2022

The COVID‐19 pandemic has taught us some very painful lessons about underinvestment in healthcare and the lack of adequate preparation for a pandemic. In this article, ICN Chief Executive Officer Howard Catton examines the World Health Organization's review of global preparedness and looks to the future and how nursing can contribute to better planning and health outcomes for all.
Genotyping of respiratory syncytial virus among influenza‐like illness and severe acute respiratory infection cases of children in the Philippines from 2006 to 2016
Authors: Calaor‐Morin Jonjee , Arguelles Vina Lea , Foronda Janiza Lianne , Tan Alvin , Lagamayo Evelina , Dapat Clyde , Lupisan Socorro
Published: May 2022

Objective

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of severe lower respiratory infection, and therefore, a major threat to global health. This study determined the epidemiological and molecular characteristics of RSV among cases of influenza‐like illness (ILI) and severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) among children in the Philippines.

Method

The study included archived nasopharyngeal swab and oropharyngeal swab samples collected from patients under the age of five who are presented with ILI or SARI for the period of 2006–2016. Swabs were examined for RSV subgroup by multiplex real‐time qRT‐PCR. Partial genome sequencing and phylogenetic analyses of the second hypervariable region (HVR) of the G gene were used to determine the genotype of RSV isolates.

Results

A total of 1036 representative samples from all sites were selected and tested. Of these samples, 122 were RSV‐positive at 11.8% prevalence rate, and 58.2% (71/122) were classified as RSV‐A. Six genotypes were identified, which include NA1 (27/122, 22.1%), ON1 (5/122, 4.1%), GA2 (1/122, 0.8%), and GA5 (1/122, 0.8%) for RSV‐A; and BA2 (13/122, 10.7%) and BA9 (1/122, 0.8%) for RSV‐B. Most RSV‐related cases were significantly associated with clinical characteristics such as runny nose (88.1% RSV vs. 11.9% non‐RSV: p value = 0.021), pneumonia (80.6% RSV vs. 19.4% non‐RSV; p value = 0.015), and bronchitis (71.7% RSV vs. 28.3% non‐RSV; p value < 0.001). Increased RSV‐related cases were observed among children below 24 months old.

Conclusion

The RSV trend and genetic variability in the Philippines resembles a similar pattern of transmission globally.
Immediate post‐exercise blood pressure and arterial stiffness in hypertensive and normotensive older females
Authors: Costa Eduardo C. , Browne Rodrigo A. V. , Câmara Marcyo , Macêdo Geovani A. D. , Lucena Bruno E. B. , Vianna Lauro C. , Duhamel Todd A.
Published: May 2022

Although it has been suggested that increased arterial stiffness is linked to exaggerated blood pressure (BP) from brief moderate exercise, it is not clear whether this occurs in older adults with and without hypertension. This study investigates whether the immediate post‐exercise systolic BP following brief moderate exercise is associated with arterial stiffness in older females with different BP status. This cross‐sectional study included 191 older females aged 60–80 years without known cardiovascular disease (CVD). Arterial stiffness was determined by aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV). Systolic BP was measured before and immediately following a 3‐min moderate walking test (stage 1 Bruce protocol). Specific quartile‐based thresholds were used to define an exaggerated immediate post‐exercise systolic BP for hypertensive and normotensive older females (quartile 4 as an exaggerated response). Traditional CVD risk factors were assessed (covariates). Older females from the highest quartile of immediate post‐exercise absolute systolic BP showed higher aPWV compared to their peers from the lowest quartile (β = .22 m/s, p = .018). The quartile‐based threshold to define the exaggerated post‐exercise systolic BP was higher in hypertensive than in normotensive older females (174 vs. 172 mmHg). In summary, exaggerated immediate post‐exercise systolic BP following a brief moderate exercise is associated with higher arterial stiffness in older females with different BP status.
Farrerol alleviates collagenase‐induced tendinopathy by inhibiting ferroptosis in rats
Authors: Wu Yongfu , Qian Jun , Li Kang , Li Wenjun , Yin Wenhua , Jiang Huaji
Published: May 2022

Tendinopathy is mainly characterized by local pain, functional limitation and decreased athletic ability, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients and the career of athletes. Farrerol (FA), one of the main active compounds extracted from Rhododendron and plants in the Rhododendron family, has a wide range of pharmacological activities, such as immunomodulatory, anti‐inflammatory and antiviral effects. However, the effect of FA on tendinopathy is unclear. Here, we investigated the pharmacological effect and mechanism of FA in tendon injury through collagenase‐induced tendinopathy in vivo and RSL3‐induced tenocytes injury in vitro. The results showed that FA alleviated the infiltration of inflammatory cells, promoted tenogenesis and improved mechanical properties of the Achilles tendon in rats. In addition, ferroptosis inducer RSL3 inhibits the tenogenesis in vitro and in vivo, which accelerates the progression of tendinopathy. Moreover, FA effectively inhibited iron accumulation and alleviated ferroptosis in the Achilles tendon. Using in vitro experiments, we found that FA antagonized ferroptosis by reducing lipid peroxidation and iron accumulation in tenocytes. Finally, we found that glutathione peroxidase 4 silencing could block the protective effect of FA on ferroptosis of tenocytes. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that FA can relieve collagenase‐induced tendinopathy by inhibiting ferroptosis, and reveal that FA may be a potentially effective drug for the treatment of tendinopathy in the future.
Euroscepticism, Anti‐Nostalgic Nostalgia and the Past Perfect Post‐Brexit Future
Authors: Melhuish Francesca
Published: May 2022

While extant work on British Euroscepticism has highlighted vestiges of historical empire imaginaries in discourses opposing EU integration, the emotional dynamics of such frames remain curiously underexplored. The diluted quality of these Eurosceptic histories, with their distinctive interplay of past and future, has led some to reject their nostalgic emotional credentials altogether. This article challenges such assumptions of emotional absence through a qualitative discourse analysis of the 2016 EU referendum Vote Leave campaign's materials, and interviews with 13 former campaigners. By unpacking Vote Leave's preference for an anti‐nostalgic form of empire nostalgia, central to its vision of a past perfect post‐Brexit future, this analysis contributes primarily to literatures on British Euroscepticism and Brexit, revealing the counterintuitive nostalgic politics and persistent cultural appeal of ostensibly forward‐looking discursive stances. The analysis also has broader relevance, particularly for advocates of an ‘emotional turn’ in EU Studies and scholars investigating escalating nationalisms beyond Britain.
Moral Panics, Viral Subjects: Black Women's Bodies on the Line during Cuba's 2020 Pandemic Lockdowns
Authors: Bastian Hope , Berry Maya J.
Published: May 2022

While Cuba was in a COVID‐19‐induced lockdown, coleras, women who wait in hours‐long colas (lines) to purchase scarce goods to resell, emerged in online state media as “folk devils” responsible for the acute shortages of basic goods. Using an intersection lens, we combine fieldwork in lines and content analysis of online media to examine the creation and policing of the colera threat during the summer of 2020. Coleras were framed as immoral subjects, gendered and racialized, and often depicted as a virus that threatened the nation's health. The colera moral panic attempted to obscure class, race, and gender inequalities and structures that have made certain citizens vulnerable in the aftermath of successive waves of Cuban economic reforms. Understanding this moral panic allows us to appreciate the material scarcities and indignities to which poor Black women have been subjected, and widespread concerns about the state's failure to protect society's most vulnerable.
Measuring text similarity and its associated factors in electronic nursing progress notes: A retrospective review
Authors: Shala Danielle Ritz , Sheppard‐Law Suzanne
Published: May 2022

Aims and objectives

To measure text similarity in electronic nursing progress notes and determine factors associated with text similarity.

Background

Electronic clinical notes with redundant information masks clinically relevant information, increases clinicians’ cognitive burden and undermines patient safety.

Design

Retrospective review of electronic medical record nursing progress notes.

Methods

The study was conducted between November 2018 and February 2019 in two Australian Paediatric Intensive Care Units. De‐identified, randomly selected inpatient data were extracted from the network's database. Manually classified shift summary progress notes for each admission were sequenced from admission to discharge. Text similarity was calculated for consecutive pairs of nursing progress notes. Linear regression was undertaken to determine the association between the similarity scores and variables of interest: note word count, total number of notes and unit. The STROBE checklist was used for reporting.

Results

921 shift summary nursing progress notes were analysed. Similarity scores were widely distributed with a median of 10.37%. Only 17.2% (n = 144) of the notes have similarity scores above 20%. Of these, 5% (n = 47) were above 50% similar in comparison with a previously written note. Similarity above 50% was observed as early as the first note pair in the course of a patient's admission. A significant difference was found between the similarity scores of Unit 1 and Unit 2. Hospital unit was the only variable of interest significantly associated with similarity scores.

Conclusion

Text similarity among electronic nursing progress notes in Australian Paediatric ICUs is minimal; however, notes with >50% similarity have been identified. Text analytics provides measurable data and insights about electronic clinical documentation to inform future nursing practice, research and eMR design.

Relevance to clinical practice

Findings have implications for nursing practice in the way that nursing staff are educated to maintain data quality, professional accountability and effective communication in electronic documentation and to avoid unnecessary repetition of text.
Myoepithelioma‐like tumors of the vulvar region: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Liu Xu , Chen Lu , Zhou Quan , Liu Jiao , Hu Yuchang
Published: May 2022

Myoepithelioma‐like tumors of the vulvar region (MELTVR) is a kind of solid tumor newly recognized in recent years, which is characterized by mesenchymal tumors of adult female vulva. The histopathology is similar to myoepithelioma, but the immunohistochemical phenotype and genetic changes are different from myoepithelioma. It usually has clear boundary and partial capsule, mixed with two forms of cells (epithelioid and spindle), the cells are mild, the nucleoli are clear, mitoses are rare, some cases have myxoid differentiation. In this article, a case of MELTVR diagnosed in our hospital is discussed. The patient was a 43‐year‐old female who finds a neoplasm in the pubic tubercle 4 months ago. Local resection was performed. Pathological examination showed that the boundary of the tumor was clear with partial capsule. The cells were arranged in cords or nests, and partially infiltrated the surrounding adipocytes. The tumor cells had two morphologies, epithelioid or spindle shaped. The spindle type cells were dominant, with bright cytoplasm, obvious nucleoli, rare nuclear mitosis (about 1/10HPF), and no necrosis was observed. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for vimentin, epithelial membrane antigen, estrogen receptor, progestogen receptor, calponin and were partially positive for cathepsin k. INI1/SMARCB1 expression was deficient. There was no recurrence or metastasis during the 8‐month‐long follow‐up. The unique feature of this case was that the site of the disease was not the vulva, but in front of the pubic tubercle, there was no large amount of mucus production, and the cytoplasm of most tumor cells was transparent. Due to our limited knowledge of MELTVR, its pathogenesis and tissue origin are not clear. Clinicians should be aware of such potential patients.
Gingival tissue antibody gene utilization in aging and periodontitis
Authors: Ebersole Jeffrey L. , Nguyen Linh M. , Gonzalez Octavio A.
Published: May 2022

Objective

This study used a nonhuman primate model of ligature‐induced periodontitis to document the characteristics of immunoglobulin (Ig) gene usage in gingival tissues with disease and affected by age.

Background

Adaptive immune responses to an array of oral bacteria are routinely detected in local gingival tissues and the systemic circulation across the human population. The level and diversity of antibody increases with periodontitis, reflecting the increased quantity of B cells and plasmacytes in the tissues at sites of periodontal lesions.

Methods

Macaca mulatta (n = 36) in four groups (young – ≤3 years; adolescent >3–7 years; adult – 12–15 years; aged – 17‐23 years) were used in this study. Gingival tissues were sampled at baseline (health), 2 weeks (initiation), 1 and 3 months (progression), and 5 months (resolution) of the lesion development and transcriptomic analysis included 78 Ig‐related genes.

Results

The results demonstrated extensive variation in Ig gene usage patterns and changes with the disease process that was substantially affected by the age of the animal. Of note was that the aged animals generally demonstrated elevated expression on multiple Ig genes even in the baseline/healthy gingival tissues. The expression levels revealed 5 aggregates of Ig gene change profiles across the age groups. The number of gene changes were greatly increased in adult animals with the initiation of disease, while the young and adolescent animals showed extensive changes with disease progression. Elevated Ig gene transcripts remained with disease resolution except in the aged animals. The response profiles demonstrated selective heavy/light change gene transcripts that differed with age and clustering of the transcript expression was dominated by the age of the animals.

Conclusions

The results suggested potential critical variations in the molecular aspects of Ig gene expression in gingival tissues that can contribute to understanding the kinetics of periodontal lesions, as well as the variation in episodes, rapidity of progression, and role in resolution that are impacted by age.
Revisiting the cave‐dwelling sand flies (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) from Brazil: Diversity and potential role in the transmission of Leishmania Ross, 1903 (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae)
Authors: Dutra‐Rêgo Felipe , Freire Mariana Lourenço , Carvalho Gustavo Mayr de Lima , Andrade‐Filho José Dilermando
Published: May 2022

Brazilian caves, one of the many tourist attractions of the country, may act as a shelter for insects, such as sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae), natural hosts of various microorganisms including parasites of the genus Leishmania Ross, 1903. In the last decades, with the increasing global need for sustainable development, ecotourism has emerged as one of the major activities in Brazil. However, the constant monitoring in environmentally protected areas is not often carried out, endangering visitors and professionals, especially due to the occurrence of zoonoses. Several sand fly species have already been recorded in Brazilian caves, drawing attention to the possibility of Leishmania transmission at this ecotope. Indeed, this current systematic review summarizes the fauna of cave‐dwelling sand flies in Brazil, focusing on their biological behaviour and the occurrence of potential vectors of Leishmania parasites.
Higher leaf nitrogen content is linked to tighter stomatal regulation of transpiration and more efficient water use across dryland trees
Authors: Querejeta José Ignacio , Prieto Iván , Armas Cristina , Casanoves Fernando , Diémé Joseph S. , Diouf Mayecor , Yossi Harouna , Kaya Bocary , Pugnaire Francisco I. , Rusch Graciela M.
Published: May 2022

The least‐cost economic theory of photosynthesis shows that water and nitrogen are mutually substitutable resources to achieve a given carbon gain. However, vegetation in the Sahel has to cope with the dual challenge imposed by drought and nutrient‐poor soils.

We addressed how variation in leaf nitrogen per area (Narea) modulates leaf oxygen and carbon isotopic composition (δ18O, δ13C), as proxies of stomatal conductance and water‐use efficiency, across 34 Sahelian woody species.

Dryland species exhibited diverging leaf δ18O and δ13C values, indicating large interspecific variation in time‐integrated stomatal conductance and water‐use efficiency. Structural equation modeling revealed that leaf Narea is a pivotal trait linked to multiple water‐use traits. Leaf Narea was positively linked to both δ18O and δ13C, suggesting higher carboxylation capacity and tighter stomatal regulation of transpiration in N‐rich species, which allows them to achieve higher water‐use efficiency and more conservative water use.

These adaptations represent a key physiological advantage of N‐rich species, such as legumes, that could contribute to their dominance across many dryland regions. This is the first report of a robust mechanistic link between leaf Narea and δ18O in dryland vegetation that is consistent with core principles of plant physiology.
The dual GLP‐1 and GLP‐2 receptor agonist dapiglutide promotes barrier function in murine short bowel
Authors: Reiner Johannes , Thiery Johanna , Held Jascha , Berlin Peggy , Skarbaliene Jolanta , Vollmar Brigitte , Jaster Robert , Eriksson Per‐Olof , Lamprecht Georg , Witte Maria
Published: May 2022

Short bowel syndrome can occur after extensive intestinal resection, causing intestinal insufficiency or intestinal failure, which requires long‐term parenteral nutrition. Glucagon‐like peptide‐2 (GLP‐2) pharmacotherapy is now clinically used to reduce the disease burden of intestinal failure. However, many patients still cannot be weaned off from parenteral nutrition completely. The novel dual GLP‐1 and GLP‐2 receptor agonist dapiglutide has previously been shown to be highly effective in a preclinical murine short bowel model. Here, we studied the effects of dapiglutide on intestinal epithelial barrier function. In the jejunum, dapiglutide increased claudin‐7 expression and tightened the paracellular tight junction leak pathway. At the same time, dapiglutide promoted paracellular tight junction cation size selectivity in the jejunum. This was paralleled by extension of the cation selective tight junction proteins claudin‐2 and claudin‐10b and preserved claudin‐15 expression and localization along the crypt–villus axis in the jejunum. In the colon, no barrier effects from dapiglutide were observed. In the colon, dapiglutide attenuated the short bowel–associated, compensatorily increased epithelial sodium channel activity, likely secondary, by improved volume status. Future studies are needed to address the intestinal adaptation of the colon.
Conduction system pacing vs. biventricular pacing in patients with ventricular dysfunction and AV block
Authors: Pujol‐López Margarida , Jiménez Arjona Rafael , Guasch Eduard , Borràs Roger , Doltra Adelina , Vázquez‐Calvo Sara , Roca‐Luque Ivo , Garre Paz , Ferró Elisenda , Niebla Mireia , Carro Esther , Puente Jose L. , Uribe Laura , Invers Eric , Castel Maria Ángeles , Arbelo Elena , Sitges Marta , Mont Lluís , Tolosana José M.
Published: May 2022

Background

It is unknown whether His‐Purkinje conduction system pacing (HPCSP), as either His bundle or left bundle branch pacing, could be an alternative to cardiac resynchronization therapy (BiVCRT) for patients with left ventricular dysfunction needing ventricular pacing due to atrioventricular block. The aim of the study is to compare the echocardiographic response and clinical improvement between HPCSP and BiVCRT.

Methods

Consecutive patients who successfully received HPCSP were compared with a historical cohort of BiVCRT patients. Patients were 1:1 matched by age, LVEF, atrial fibrillation, renal function and cardiomyopathy type. Responders were defined as patients who survived, did not require heart transplantation and increased LVEF ≥5 points at 6‐month follow‐up.

Results

HPCSP was successfully achieved in 92.5% (25/27) of patients. During follow‐up, 8% (2/25) of HPCSP patients died and 4% (1/25) received a heart transplant, whereas 4% (1/25) of those in the BiVCRT cohort died. LVEF improvement was 10% ± 8% HPCSP versus 7% ± 5% BiVCRT (p = .24), and the percentage of responders was 76% (19/25) HPCSP versus 64% (16/25) BiVCRT (p = .33). Among survivors, the percentage of patients who improved from baseline II–IV mitral regurgitation (MR) to 0–I MR was 9/11 (82%) versus 2/8 (25%) (p = .02). Compared to those with BiVCRT, patients with HPCSP achieved better NYHA improvement: 1 point versus 0.5 (OR 0.34; p = .02).

Conclusion

HPCSP in patients with LVEF ≤45% and atrioventricular block improved the LVEF and induced a response similar to that of BiVCRT. HPCSP significantly improved MR and NYHA functional class. HPCSP may be an alternative to BiVCRT in these patients. (Figure 1. Central Illustration).

Central illustration. Two therapeutic approaches in patients with ventricular dysfunction (LVEF ≤ 45%) and indication for pacing due to AV block: His Purkinje conduction system pacing (A) and biventricular CRT (B). HPCSP with either HBP or LBBP in patients with LVEF ≤45% dysfunction and a ventricular pacing indication showed an echocardiographic response at the 6‐month follow‐up comparable to that of biventricular CRT. Abbreviations: CRT, cardiac resynchronization therapy; HBP, His bundle pacing; LBBP, left bundle branch pacing [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]

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A regional multidisciplinary network enhances child abuse case management
Authors: Watanabe Yoshihiro , Shiga Kentaro , Kikuchi Nobuyuki , Kurihara Yachiyo , Sato Atsuo
Published: May 2022

Background

We previously reported an inadequate response to intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) cases under 24 months of age in Yokohama from 2011 to 2013. Hence, it is very important to evaluate how the establishment of a regional multidisciplinary network for child abuse affects the response to ICH cases in medical institutions.

Methods

We conducted a questionnaire survey of ICH cases under 24 months of age from 2014 to 2016 using a regional multidisciplinary network for child abuse established in Yokohama in September 2013. We investigated the patients' characteristics, examinations to identify inflicted injury, and reports made to the hospital‐based child protection team (CPT) or regional child protective service (CPS), and compared the results of a previous study and the current study, which corresponds to before and after the establishment of the regional network, respectively.

Results

The total number of ICH cases was 50 in 3 years. The number of cases surveyed for covert fracture and fundus hemorrhage increased significantly after the establishment of the regional network (P = 0.0001 and P = 0.0182, respectively). The number of cases reported as suspected child abuse was 41 (82%) to the hospital‐based CPTs and 27 (54%) to the regional CPSs. There were significant differences between before and after the establishment of the regional network regarding CPT (P = 0.0062) and CPS (P = 0.0215) reports.

Conclusions

A regional multidisciplinary network can enhance response and cooperation to address child abuse. It deepens our understanding of such care and improves awareness by hospital personnel of child abuse.
Managing bureaucratic reputation in the face of crises: An experimental examination of the effect of strategic communication
Authors: Lee Danbee
Published: May 2022

Research on bureaucratic reputation has found that public organizations respond strategically to reputational threats. To understand better the way public organizations should communicate with their external audiences, upon which they depend for necessary resources and democratic legitimacy, this study examines the effectiveness of various communication strategies that agencies often use in response to a crisis. The results of a series of vignette experiments involving US adults show that an agency's communication strategy in response to crises does indeed influence citizens' reputation judgments. Specifically, compared with remaining silent, organizations that offer the public explanations of crises mitigate their reputational losses more effectively. Further, this study finds that people's prior reputation judgments and the nature of the crisis itself are important factors involved in the formation of reputation judgments, although these findings contradict communication theories. The implications for theory and practice are discussed.