bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ash leaf metabolomes reveal differences between trees tolerant and susceptible to ash dieback disease
Authors: Sambles Christine M. , Salmon Deborah L. , Florance Hannah , Howard Thomas P. , Smirnoff Nicholas , Nielsen Lene R. , McKinney Lea V. , Kjær Erik D. , Buggs Richard J. A. , Studholme David J. , Grant Murray
Published: December 2017

European common ash,Fraxinus excelsior, is currently threatened by Ash dieback (ADB) caused by the fungus,Hymenoscyphus fraxineus. To detect and identify metabolites that may be products of pathways important in contributing to resistance againstH. fraxineus, we performed untargeted metabolomic profiling on leaves from five high-susceptibility and five low-susceptibilityF. excelsiorindividuals identified during Danish field trials. We describe in this study, two datasets. The first is untargeted LC-MS metabolomics raw data from ash leaves with high-susceptibility and low-susceptibility to ADB in positive and negative mode. These data allow the application of peak picking, alignment, gap-filling and retention-time correlation analyses to be performed in alternative ways. The second, a processed dataset containing abundances of aligned features across all samples enables further mining of the data. Here we illustrate the utility of this dataset which has previously been used to identify putative iridoid glycosides, well known anti-herbivory terpenoid derivatives, and show differential abundance in tolerant and susceptible ash samples.
ANI-1, A data set of 20 million calculated off-equilibrium conformations for organic molecules
Authors: Smith Justin S. , Isayev Olexandr , Roitberg Adrian E.
Published: December 2017

One of the grand challenges in modern theoretical chemistry is designing and implementing approximations that expedite ab initio methods without loss of accuracy. Machine learning (ML) methods are emerging as a powerful approach to constructing various forms of transferable atomistic potentials. They have been successfully applied in a variety of applications in chemistry, biology, catalysis, and solid-state physics. However, these models are heavily dependent on the quality and quantity of data used in their fitting. Fitting highly flexible ML potentials, such as neural networks, comes at a cost: a vast amount of reference data is required to properly train these models. We address this need by providing access to a large computational DFT database, which consists of more than 20 M off equilibrium conformations for 57,462 small organic molecules. We believe it will become a new standard benchmark for comparison of current and future methods in the ML potential community.
Long-read sequencing of the human cytomegalovirus transcriptome with the Pacific Biosciences RSII platform
Authors: Balázs Zsolt , Tombácz Dóra , Szűcs Attila , Snyder Michael , Boldogkői Zsolt
Published: December 2017

Long-read RNA sequencing allows for the precise characterization of full-length transcripts, which makes it an indispensable tool in transcriptomics. The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) genome has been first sequenced in 1989 and although short-read sequencing studies have uncovered much of the complexity of its transcriptome, only few of its transcripts have been fully annotated. We hereby present a long-read RNA sequencing dataset of HCMV infected human lung fibroblast cells sequenced by the Pacific Biosciences RSII platform. Seven SMRT cells were sequenced using oligo(dT) primers to reverse transcribe poly(A)-selected RNA molecules and one library was prepared using random primers for the reverse transcription of the rRNA-depleted sample. Our dataset contains 122,636 human and 33,086 viral (HMCV strain Towne) reads. The described data include raw and processed sequencing files, and combined with other datasets, they can be used to validate transcriptome analysis tools, to compare library preparation methods, to test base calling algorithms or to identify genetic variants.
Real-time CRP detection from whole blood using micropost-embedded microfluidic chip incorporated with label-free biosensor
Authors: Tsai Meng-Zhe , Hsiung Chan-Te , Chen Yang , Huang Cheng-Sheng , Hsu Hsin-Yun , Hsieh Pei-Ying
Published: December 2017

We demonstrate the detection of C-creative protein (CRP) from whole blood samples without sample pretreatment by using a lab-on-a-chip system consisting of a microfluidic chip and a label-free biosensor.
PNA versus DNA in electrochemical gene sensing based on conducting polymers: study of charge and surface blocking effects on the sensor signal
Authors: Zhu Bicheng , Travas-Sejdic Jadranka
Published: December 2017

In this communication, we highlight the effect of the surface charge and surface charge density on the DNA/DNA, DNA/PNA and PNA/PNA hybridisations of a polypyrrole-based DNA sensor, measured by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).
A pH responsive AIE probe for enzyme assays
Authors: Shi Leilei , Liu Yufeng , Wang Qian , Wang Tiankuo , Ding Yubin , Cao Yi , Li Zhe , Wei Hui
Published: December 2017

By combining leucine (Leu) and tetraphenylethene (TPE), a pH-sensitive aggregation induced emission (AIE) probe TPE-Leu was developed.
Cavity enhanced liquid-phase stopped-flow kinetics
Authors: Bajuszova Zuzana , Naif Hanan , Ali Zulfiqur , McGinnis Joseph , Islam Meez
Published: December 2017

The first application of cavity enhanced spectroscopy to liquid-phase stopped-flow kinetics.
Control of tandem isomerizations: flow-assisted reactions ofo-lithiated aryl benzyl ethers
Authors: Lee Hyune-Jea , Kim Heejin , Yoshida Jun-ichi , Kim Dong-Pyo
Published: December 2017

We report a flow microreactor platform for controlling tandem isomerizations ofo-lithiated aryl benzyl ethers based on precise residence time control.
Ultrasensitive electrochemical immunoassay for melanoma cells using mesoporous polyaniline
Authors: Prathap M. U. Anu , Rodríguez Carlos Iván , Sadak Omer , Guan Jiehao , Setaluri Vijayasaradhi , Gunasekaran Sundaram
Published: December 2017

An ultrasensitive electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of melanoma cells was developed using anti-MC1R antibody-functionalized polyaniline nanofibers.
Direct imaging of construction of carbon onions by curling few-layer graphene flakes
Authors: Li Meifen , Liu Weiwei , Zhang Haixia , Liang Zhilu , Duan Pei , Yan Xiaoli , Guan Pengfei , Xu Bingshe , Guo Junjie
Published: December 2017

Atomic-scale electron microscopy of carbon onions at intermediary growth stages suggests that carbon onions are constructed by few-layer graphene flakes.
“In situ” observation of the role of chloride ion binding to monkey green sensitive visual pigment by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy
Authors: Katayama Kota , Furutani Yuji , Iwaki Masayo , Fukuda Tetsuya , Imai Hiroo , Kandori Hideki
Published: December 2017

ATR-FTIR spectroscopic study elucidates the novel role of Cl−-binding in primate long-wavelength-sensitive (LWS) visual pigment.
“Where does the fluorescing moiety reside in a carbon dot?” – Investigations based on fluorescence anisotropy decay and resonance energy transfer dynamics
Authors: Das Ananya , Roy Debjit , De Chayan K. , Mandal Prasun K.
Published: December 2017

It has been shown recently that aggregated dyes are responsible for very high fluorescence in a carbon dot (CD). Location of the fluorescing unit in a carbon dot could be shown.
Oxygen-induced degradation of the electronic properties of thin-layer InSe
Authors: Wei Xin , Dong Chaofang , Xu Aoni , Li Xiaogang , Macdonald Digby D.
Published: December 2017

The degradation of thin-layer InSe induced by O atoms was quantificationally studied by first-principles calculations and deformation potential theory from the aspects of structural relaxation, band structure, and carrier mobility.
Gas phase 1H NMR studies and kinetic modeling of dihydrogen isotope equilibration catalyzed by Ru-nanoparticles under normal conditions: dissociative vs. associative exchange
Authors: Limbach Hans-Heinrich , Pery Tal , Rothermel Niels , Chaudret Bruno , Gutmann Torsten , Buntkowsky Gerd
Published: December 2017

Exposure of surface H-containing Ru-nanoparticles to D2 gas produces HD via associative adsorption, surface H-transfer and associative desorption.
Alkaline-earth (Be, Mg and Ca) bonds at the origin of huge acidity enhancements
Authors: Montero-Campillo M. Merced , Sanz Pablo , Mó Otilia , Yáñez Manuel , Alkorta Ibon , Elguero José
Published: December 2017

Conventional bases become very strong acids upon association with alkaline-earth derivatives MX2(M = Be, Mg and Ca).
Probing the factors that influence the conformation of a guanidinato ligand in [(η5-C5Me5)M(NN)X] (NN = chelating N,N′,N′′-tri(o-substituted aryl)guanidinate(1−); X = chloro, azido and triazolato)
Authors: Kumar Robin , Kishan Ram , Thomas Jisha Mary , Chinnappan Sivasankar , Thirupathi Natesan
Published: December 2017

The conformational difference illustrated is ascribed to a subtle repulsive interaction between the o-Cl substituent of two proximal aryl rings in the guanidinate ligand.
Correction: Synthesis of kinase inhibitors containing a pentafluorosulfanyl moiety
Authors: Sansook Supojjanee , Ocasio Cory A. , Day Iain J. , Tizzard Graham J. , Coles Simon J. , Fedorov Oleg , Bennett James M. , Elkins Jonathan M. , Spencer John
Published: December 2017

Correction for ‘Synthesis of kinase inhibitors containing a pentafluorosulfanyl moiety’ by Supojjanee Sansook et al., Org. Biomol. Chem., 2017, 15, 8655–8660.
Relationship between transit time and mechanical properties of a cell through a stenosed microchannel
Authors: Ye Ting , Shi Huixin , Phan-Thien Nhan , Lim Chwee Teck , Li Yu
Published: December 2017

The changes in the mechanical properties of a cell are not only the cause of some diseases, but can also be a biomarker for some disease states.
Buckling vs. particle desorption in a particle-covered drop subject to compressive surface stresses: a simulation study
Authors: Gu Chuan , Botto Lorenzo
Published: December 2017

We study via a new simulation method the transition between buckling and particle desorption when a particle-covered drop is compressed.
Hearing Loss and the Achievement Gap Among Minority Youth
Authors: Pakulski Lori A. , Glassman Jennifer , Williams Monica
Published: December 2017

Objectives

To outline the prevalence and disparities of hearing problems among school-aged urban minority youth, causal pathways through which hearing problems adversely affect academic achievement, and proven or promising approaches for schools and parents to address these problems.

Methods

Literature review.

Results

Most school-aged youth will experience a temporary, fluctuating hearing loss at least once and about 20% of U.S. adolescents have some kind of permanent hearing problem. When nationally representative samples of hearing loss among youth under age18 were conducted, those from lower socioeconomic families were more likely to have a hearing loss (23.6%) than those from families above the poverty threshold. Hearing screening is widespread in schools, but the benefits are jeopardized by non-standardization, inadequate methods for commonly occurring losses, and lack of follow-up.

Conclusions

Hearing problems are disproportionately prevalent among school-aged urban minority youth, and have a negative impact on academic achievement through sensory perceptions, cognition, and school connectedness. Effective practices are available for schools to address these problems. To better realize the benefits of current investments in screening, programs will require improved prevention efforts and follow-up/coordination between agencies conducting screening, school nurses, teachers, speech-language pathologists (SLPs), audiologists, parents, and in some cases, physicians and community resources.
High selectivity seventh‐order wideband bandpass filter using coupled lines and open/shorted stubs
Authors: Xu Kai Da , Zhang Fengyu , Liu Yanhui , Nie Wei
Published: December 2017

A compact seventh‐order wideband bandpass filter (BPF) with sharp roll‐off skirts using coupled lines and open stubs (OSs)/shorted stubs (SSs) is proposed. Seven transmission poles in the passband and four deep transmission zeros from 0 to 2f0 (f0 denotes centre frequency of the passband) can be realised with the help of half‐wavelength OSs and quarter‐wavelength SSs. For demonstration, a wideband BPF prototype is designed, fabricated with a measured 3‐dB fractional bandwidth of 78% (1.22–2.77 GHz) and transition band roll‐off rates of over 175 dB/GHz. Good agreement between the simulations and measurements validates the design method.
Ground moving target recognition using log energy entropy of wavelet packets
Authors: Göksu H.
Published: December 2017

Automatic target recognition of ground surveillance radars is a beneficial practice that reduces cost, error, duration of detection and response time. The identification of echoes from eight classes using an RF pulsed Doppler radar is studied. Instead of traditional methods, the wavelet packet analysis (WPA) is used. WPA, by providing arbitrary time–frequency resolution, enables analysing signals of stationary and non‐stationary nature. It has better time representation than Fourier analysis and better high‐frequency resolution than wavelet analysis. WPA subimages are further analysed to obtain feature vectors of log energy entropy in all cases except one case where norm entropy is used. These features are fed into a multilayer perceptron for classification which is done in a hierarchical scheme and composed of binary classification steps. Hundred per cent accuracy was possible in all steps except two which were realised at 99.5 and 98.2%. An overall classification rate of 98.2% was achieved. The results were compared with other published results that report accuracy in the same application field. The proposed method achieved the highest accuracy although it had the highest number of classes. The method provides a promising tool for the automatic recognition of ground surveillance radar targets.
Leader‐following mean square consensus of stochastic multi‐agent systems with input delay via event‐triggered control
Authors: Tan Xuegang , Cao Jinde , Li Xiaodi , Alsaedi Ahmed
Published: December 2017

This paper addresses the mean square consensus problem of leader‐following stochastic multi‐agent systems using a distributed event‐triggered control strategy. For each involving agent, generally, the time‐varying (or fixed) delay between controller and actuator is unavoidable. The controller is updated only when the event condition is triggered. Based on the Lyapunov function method and Itô formula, three sufficient conditions for leader‐following mean square consensus are established, including a delay‐independent consensus condition and a delay‐dependent criterion for the case with input fixed time delay, and a consensus criterion for the case with input time‐varying delay. Furthermore, an inter‐event time lower bound between two sampling points is derived. The results are illustrated through several numerical examples.
Interval observer for LPV systems with unknown inputs
Authors: Meyer Luc , Ichalal Dalil , Vigneron Vincent
Published: December 2017

This study addresses the problem of guaranteed state and unknown input (UI) estimation for a class of linear parameter varying systems affected by UIs and other bounded perturbations. The context of interval observer in the cooperative framework is adopted. Thus, lower and upper bounds of the state and UI are provided. No assumption is made on the UI. The approach is based on a rank condition allowing to decouple the UI from the state estimation errors (so that the state estimation is guaranteed, regardless of the variation of the UI). The convergence of the proposed interval observer is studied by Lyapunov theory and stability conditions are expressed in terms of linear matrix inequalities which ease the design of the gain matrices of the observer. Finally, illustrative examples are given for discussion and comparison with respect to the existing results.
Output regulation in the presence of quadratically bounded parameter uncertainties
Authors: Yan Fei , Zhang Ji‐Lie , Gu Guoxiang
Published: December 2017

The problem of robust output regulation is studied for a class of parameter uncertain systems under unity output feedback control. The objective is tracking of the desired reference trajectory in the presence of the disturbance, both generated by a common exosystem. Because of the anti‐stability of the exosystem and potentially unbounded reference trajectory, the output tracking error is employed as the measurement signal and used as the input to the feedback controller. The method of p ‐copy of the internal model is utilised to augment the plant dynamics. Assuming that the output regulation condition is satisfied for all the parameter uncertainties, it is shown that the problem of robust output regulation is equivalent to the problem of robust output stabilisation. Furthermore, for quadratically bounded parameter uncertainties, an application of the notion of the quadratic stability leads to ‐based robust control, and the maximum allowable uncertainty bound can be computed, below which the robust output regulation can be achieved.
Non‐Gaussian statistics of CO‐OFDM signals after non‐linear optical fibre transmission
Authors: Kashef Seyed Sadra , Azmi Paeiz , Bosco Gabriella , Matinfar Mehdi D. , Pilori Dario
Published: December 2017

In this study, the statistical distribution of the received signal in a coherent optical orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing (CO‐OFDM) system with quadrature‐phase shift keying modulation in the orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing (OFDM) subcarriers is investigated, and the accuracy and correctness of the Gaussian probability density function (pdf) assumption is analysed. The well‐known Anderson–Darling test is utilised to measure the deviation extent of the statistical distribution of the received signal from the Gaussian pdf. Finally, the Johnson ‐distribution is suggested as a more exact distribution for the statistical modelling of the received signal. After non‐linear propagation, its accuracy is assessed through comparison with Monte‐Carlo simulations, based on the time‐domain split‐step Fourier method.
Dynamic modelling of the VSC‐HVDC for analytical studies
Authors: Song Guobing , Wang Ting , Huang Xinghua , Gu Yaobin , Liu Yakun
Published: December 2017

This study is aimed to present a dynamic model for the voltage source converter‐based high‐voltage DC (HVDC). The multi‐modular converter (MMC) physical model is given and a linear control model for tuning the dynamic model is developed. MMC has a cascaded control structure, containing an outer loop and an inner loop. The reactive outer loop and the active outer loop could be designed and analysed independently. The average‐value model of MMC for electromechanical transient studies are given in this article. The average‐value model and detailed model are built in electromagnetic transient simulation program (PSCAD\EMTDC) to verify the validity, precision, and high speed of the proposed method.
Analytical determination of stable droop loop gain for a DFIG participating in frequency regulation
Authors: Liu Jinqiang , Wang Xiaoru
Published: December 2017

One prominent concern over the high level wind power penetration is the consequent frequency stability issue in the power systems. To address this problem, additional droop loop control is widely adopted as an effective inertial control scheme to improve the system frequency nadir during a contingency event by temporarily releasing the stored rotational kinetic energy. The droop loop gain presents significant effect on both the performance of the frequency regulation and the operation stability of the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG). In order to ensure the stable operation of the DFIG during the frequency regulation process, this study proposes an analytical determination method of the stable droop loop gain based on system frequency analysis and bifurcation theory. The stability criterion of the rotor speed of the DFIG with droop loop control is theoretically formulated, taking into account extensive factors such as wind speed, active power deficit, and configuration parameters of the power system and DFIG. The critical droop loop gain can be calculated from the critical stability criterion equation. Simulations are carried out to validate the benefits and accuracy of the proposed determination method of stable droop loop gain.
Reliability evaluation method for distribution network
Authors: Liu Ningbo , Wu Tiantian , Xu Tao , Ma Yan
Published: December 2017

To evaluate the impact on the voltage quality and line carrying capacity of distribution network with distributed photovoltaic (PV), this study proposed a reliability evaluation method based on probabilistic load flow (PLF). Based on an improved point estimation method, the probabilistic statistic values of voltages and line power would be derived via the solution of PLF. Combined with cumulant and Cornish‐Fisher series expansion, the probability distribution of node voltage and line flow was obtained. On this basis, the sensitivity index was proposed to characterise the most affected node or branch by adding the distributed PV in the distribution network, which was used to locate the weak point of the distribution network accurately. In addition, the reliability evaluation indexes were established to achieve probabilistic evaluation of voltage quality and line carrying capacity of distribution network. In the end, taking the modified IEEE 34 bus test system as the case, the property of the proposed method about the probabilistic evaluation of the distribution network with distributed PV was verified.
Analysis and modelling regarding frequency regulation of power systems and power supply–demand‐control based on penetration of renewable energy sources
Authors: Jie Bo , Tsuji Takao , Uchida Kenko
Published: December 2017

As a large amount of distributed generations power supply is introduced, there is concern about the problem of threatening stable power supply such as voltage rise, fluctuation of the distribution line locally, frequency fluctuation and power regulation shortage in a wide area. In additional, regarding the measures against the supply‐demand imbalance and frequency problems, it is necessary to consider not only introducing further distributed generation sources but also new approaches such as utilization of storage batteries or load side control seen in demand response. Against this backdrop, in Japan, an analytical model for supply‐demand control/frequency regulation simulation has been developed, which, named AGC30, can work on MATLAB/Simulink. It is possible to simulate the supply and demand balance control considering both economic dispatching control and load frequency control. In this research, with the purpose of contribution to the development of supply‐demand control technology that responds to the future large structural change of electric power system, as the introduction and diffusion of renewable energy power generation and smart grid technology, as a common foundation for the supply‐demand / frequency control of electric power system, it is aimed to construct a standard model for computer simulation that can be implemented efficiently.
Deep millimeter spectroscopy observations toward NGC 1068
Authors: Qiu Jianjie , Wang Junzhi , Shi Yong , Zhang Jiangshui , Fang Min , Li Fei
Published: December 2017

Aims.We aim for a better understanding of gas properties in the circum-nuclear disk (CND) region of the nearby gas-rich Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 1068. We focus on line identification and the basic physical parameters estimation of molecular gas in the CND region.

Methods.We used the IRAM 30 m telescope to conduct deep millimeter spectroscopy observations toward the center of NGC 1068.

Results.Thirty-two lines were detected in this galaxy, 15 lines of wich were detected for the first time. With a sensitivity better by about a factor of 4 than observations in the literature for this source at 3 mm band, we detected several weak lines for the first time in this source, such as lines from CH3CCH, CH3OCH3, and HC18O+. Column densities of these molecules were estimated based on line emissions. Some marginal detections in the literature, such as HN13C (1–0), were confirmed. CH3OCH3was detected for the first time in external galaxies. Lines from several carbon chain molecules and shock-related molecules were also detected in this source.
Building CX peanut-shaped disk galaxy profiles
Authors: Patsis P. A. , Harsoula M.
Published: December 2017

Context. We present and discuss the orbital content of a rather unusual rotating barred galaxy model, in which the three-dimensional (3D) family, bifurcating from x1 at the 2:1 vertical resonance with the known “frown-smile” side-on morphology, is unstable.

Aims. Our goal is to study the differences that occur in the phase space structure at the vertical 2:1 resonance region in this case, with respect to the known, well studied, standard case, in which the families with the frown-smile profiles are stable and support an X-shaped morphology.

Methods. The potential used in the study originates in a frozen snapshot of an N-body simulation in which a fast bar has evolved. We follow the evolution of the vertical stability of the central family of periodic orbits as a function of the energy (Jacobi constant) and we investigate the phase space content by means of spaces of section.

Results. The two bifurcating families at the vertical 2:1 resonance region of the new model change their stability with respect to that of most studied analytic potentials. The structure in the side-on view that is directly supported by the trapping of quasi-periodic orbits around 3D stable periodic orbits has now an infinity symbol (i.e. ∞-type) profile. However, the available sticky orbits can reinforce other types of side-on morphologies as well.

Conclusions. In the new model, the dynamical mechanism of trapping quasi-periodic orbits around the 3D stable periodic orbits that build the peanut, supports the ∞-type profile. The same mechanism in the standard case supports the X shape with the frown-smile orbits. Nevertheless, in both cases (i.e. in the new and in the standard model) a combination of 3D quasi-periodic orbits around the stable x1 family with sticky orbits can support a profile reminiscent of the shape of the orbits of the 3D unstable family existing in each model.
Lyman-continuum leakage as dominant source of diffuse ionized gas in the Antennae galaxy
Authors: Weilbacher Peter M. , Monreal-Ibero Ana , Verhamme Anne , Sandin Christer , Steinmetz Matthias , Kollatschny Wolfram , Krajnović Davor , Kamann Sebastian , Roth Martin M. , Erroz-Ferrer Santiago , Marino Raffaella Anna , Maseda Michael V. , Wendt Martin , Bacon Roland , Dreizler Stefan , Richard Johan , Wisotzki Lutz
Published: December 2017

The Antennae galaxy (NGC 4038/39) is the closest major interacting galaxy system and is therefore often studied as a merger prototype. We present the first comprehensive integral field spectroscopic dataset of this system, observed with the MUSE instrument at the ESO VLT. We cover the two regions in this system which exhibit recent star formation: the central galaxy interaction and a region near the tip of the southern tidal tail. In these fields, we detect HII regions and diffuse ionized gas to unprecedented depth. About 15% of the ionized gas was undetected by previous observing campaigns. This newly detected faint ionized gas is visible everywhere around the central merger, and shows filamentary structure. We estimate diffuse gas fractions of about 60% in the central field and 10% in the southern region. We are able to show that the southern region contains a significantly different population of HII regions, showing fainter luminosities. By comparing HII region luminosities with the HST catalog of young star clusters in the central field, we estimate that there is enough Lyman-continuum leakage in the merger to explain the amount of diffuse ionized gas that we detect. We compare the Lyman-continuum escape fraction of each HII region against emission line ratios that are sensitive to the ionization parameter. While we find no systematic trend between these properties, the most extreme line ratios seem to be strong indicators of density bounded ionization. Extrapolating the Lyman-continuum escape fractions to the southern region, we conclude that simply from the comparison of the young stellar populations to the ionized gas there is no need to invoke other ionization mechanisms than Lyman-continuum leaking HII regions for the diffuse ionized gas in the Antennae.
High-latitude dust clouds LDN 183 and LDN 169: distances and extinctions
Authors: Straižys V. , Boyle R. P. , Zdanavičius J. , Janusz R. , Corbally C. J. , Munari U. , Andersson B.-G. , Zdanavičius K. , Kazlauskas A. , Maskoliūnas M. , Černis K. , Macijauskas M.
Published: December 2017

Interstellar extinction is investigated in a 2°× 2° area containing the dust and molecular clouds LDN 183 (MBM 37) and LDN 169, which are located at RA = 15h 54m, Dec = − 3°. The study is based on a photometric classification in spectral and luminosity classes of 782 stars selected from the catalogs of 1299 stars down to V = 20 mag observed in the Vilnius seven-color system. For control, the MK types for the 18 brightest stars with V between 8.5 and 12.8 mag were determined spectroscopically. For 14 stars, located closer than 200 pc, distances were calculated from trigonometric parallaxes taken from the Gaia Data Release 1. For about 70% of the observed stars, two-dimensional spectral types, interstellar extinctions AV, and distances were determined. Using 57 stars closer than 200 pc, we estimate that the front edge of the clouds begins at 105 ± 8 pc. The extinction layer in the vicinities of the clouds can be about 20 pc thick. In the outer parts of the clouds and between the clouds, the extinction is 0.5–2.0 mag. Behind the Serpens/Libra clouds, the extinction range does not increase; this means that the dust layer at 105 pc is a single extinction source.
Model-independent and model-based local lensing properties of CL0024+1654 from multiply imaged galaxies
Authors: Wagner Jenny , Liesenborgs Jori , Tessore Nicolas
Published: December 2017

Context. Local gravitational lensing properties, such as convergence and shear, determined at the positions of multiply imaged background objects, yield valuable information on the smaller-scale lensing matter distribution in the central part of galaxy clusters. Highly distorted multiple images with resolved brightness features like the ones observed in CL0024 allow us to study these local lensing properties and to tighten the constraints on the properties of dark matter on sub-cluster scale.

Aim. We investigate to what precision local magnification ratios,
$\mathcal{J}$, ratios of convergences, f, and reduced shears, g = (g1, g2), can be determined independently of a lens model for the five resolved multiple images of the source at zs = 1.675 in CL0024. We also determine if a comparison to the respective results obtained by the parametric modelling tool Lenstool and by the non-parametric modelling tool Grale can detect biases in the models. For these lens models, we analyse the influence of the number and location of the constraints from multiple images on the lens properties at the positions of the five multiple images of the source at zs = 1.675.

Methods. Our model-independent approach uses a linear mapping between the five resolved multiple images to determine the magnification ratios, ratios of convergences, and reduced shears at their positions. With constraints from up to six multiple image systems, we generate Lenstool and Grale models using the same image positions, cosmological parameters, and number of generated convergence and shear maps to determine the local values of
$\mathcal{J}$, f, and g at the same positions across all methods.

Results. All approaches show strong agreement on the local values of
$\mathcal{J}$, f, and g. We find that Lenstool obtains the tightest confidence bounds even for convergences around one using constraints from six multiple-image systems, while the best Grale model is generated only using constraints from all multiple images with resolved brightness features and adding limited small-scale mass corrections. Yet, confidence bounds as large as the values themselves can occur for convergences close to one in all approaches.

Conclusions. Our results agree with previous findings, support the light-traces-mass assumption, and the merger hypothesis for CL0024. Comparing the different approaches can detect model biases. The model-independent approach determines the local lens properties to a comparable precision in less than one second.
Colon Trauma: Evidence-Based Practices
Authors: Yamamoto Ryo , Muir Mark , Logue Alicia
Published: December 2017

Colon injury is not uncommon and occurs in about a half of patients with penetrating hollow viscus injuries. Despite major advances in the operative management of penetrating colon wounds, there remains discussion regarding the appropriate treatment of destructive colon injuries, with a significant amount of scientific evidence supporting segmental resection with primary anastomosis in most patients without comorbidities or large transfusion requirement. Although literature is sparse concerning the management of blunt colon injuries, some studies have shown operative decision based on an algorithm originally defined for penetrating wounds should be considered in blunt colon injuries. The optimal management of colonic injuries in patients requiring damage control surgery (DCS) also remains controversial. Studies have recently reported that there is no increased risk compared with patients treated without DCS if fascial closure is completed on the first reoperation, or that a management algorithm for penetrating colon wounds is probably efficacious for colon injuries in the setting of DCS as well.
Seasonal Variation in the Prevalence of Common Orthopaedic Upper Extremity Conditions
Authors: Henstenburg Jeffrey , Maltenfort Mitchell , Lutsky Kevin , Beredjiklian Pedro , Warrender William
Published: December 2017

Introduction Seasonal variation in disease processes and injuries have been reported, but it is unclear if this variation exists in upper extremity disorders. The goal of this study is to characterize seasonal and weather variations in common upper extremity orthopaedic conditions.

Methods This cross-sectional study reviewed 68,943 consecutive, new patient visits from January 2010 to September 2015 for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), trigger finger (TF), DeQuervain's tenosynovitis (DeQ), lateral epicondylitis (LE), hand arthritis (OA), and distal radius fractures (DRF). Presentation rates for each condition were compared across month, season, and various weather parameters.

Results DRF, OA, and LE had a higher rate of presentation in the winter compared with all other seasons (p < 0.001). TF and DeQ showed no statistically significant seasonal differences. Higher barometric pressures were associated with higher rates of all of the diagnoses. Higher humidity was associated with lower rates of CTS, TF, DeQ, LE, and DRF (p < 0.001). There was no significant association between temperature levels or amount of precipitation.

Discussion Although the precise mechanism remains unclear, there does appear to be an impact of winter, increased barometric pressure, and higher humidity on presentation rates. Further studies are needed to determine more conclusively why this occurs.

Level of Evidence Level IV, cross-sectional study.
Heart and Mitochondria: Pathophysiology and Implications for Cardiac Surgeons
Authors: Schwarzer Michael , Rohrbach Susanne , Niemann Bernd
Published: December 2017

Excluding the heart from systemic circulation during cardiac surgery renders the myocardium ischemic, resulting in cardiac damage. In addition, another hit to the myocardium will occur upon restoration of blood flow, in the reperfusion phase. Experimental data from animal models have revealed that loss of cardiac metabolic flexibility and mitochondrial dysfunctions contributes to contractile impairment in hypertrophied, failing, obese, and diabetic hearts. Such diseased hearts are prone to myocardial ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury. Although analyses in human cardiac samples are not as comprehensive as animal data, similar disease-associated metabolic and mitochondrial changes exist. Considering increasing age and comorbidities in patients nowadays, it is not surprising that I/R injuries remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality after cardiac surgery. Mitochondria have emerged as critical targets but also key regulators of myocardial I/R injury, and the extent of mitochondrial damage is a major determinant of myocardial I/R injury. Although cardioprotective mechanisms are diverse, many come together and involve steps at the point of mitochondria. We will, therefore, provide a description of mitochondrial alterations observed in various cardiac disease states and discuss the current experimental knowledge of the role of mitochondria in I/R and of potential protective mechanisms against myocardial I/R injury involving mitochondria. Within this review, we will focus on the protection against I/R injury conferred by caloric restriction (CR) and by ischemic conditioning. Further research is needed to establish whether strategies targeting mitochondria, which have been proposed from preclinical studies, could be translated into cardioprotective therapies against I/R injury in patients.
Choledochal Cyst and Malignancy: A Plea for Lifelong Follow-Up
Authors: Wirth Thomas , Kuebler Joachim , Petersen Claus , Ure Benno , Madadi-Sanjani Omid
Published: December 2017

Previous research has confirmed that patients with choledochal cyst have an elevated risk of cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder carcinoma. Current data suggest a risk of malignancy of 6 to 30% in adults with choledochal cyst. Malignancy has also occasionally been identified in children and adolescents. Multiple factors, including the age of the patient, cyst type, histological findings, and localization, have an impact on the prognosis. Information on long-term outcomes after cyst excision is limited. However, recent data suggest a lifelong elevated risk of up to 4% of cancer development following operation. This paper presents a review of the literature on cancer in patients with choledochal cyst before and after excision. A postoperative follow-up concept that consists of annual controls of CA19–9 and abdominal ultrasound is introduced.
Training und Aktivitätscoaching in verschiedenen Altersbereichen
Authors: Hottenrott K. , Ketelhut S. , Hottenrott L.
Published: December 2017

Auf der Basis der von nationalen und internationalen Organisationen sowie Fachgesellschaften
herausgegebenen allgemeinen Leitlinien zur körperlichen Aktivität und Bewegungsförderung werden
differenziertere Empfehlungen für das Training der motorischen Hauptbeanspruchungsformen in verschiedenen
Altersbereichen erarbeitet. Darüber hinaus werden neue innovative Ansätze für ein personalisiertes
Aktivitätscoaching vorgestellt und diskutiert.
Zusammenhänge von motorischer Leistungsfähigkeit, Migrationshintergrund, BMI,
Sportvereinstätigkeit und TV-Konsum bei 6- bis 14-jährigen Tiroler Kindern und
Jugendlichen
Authors: Greier K. , Ruedl G. , Riechelmann H.
Published: December 2017

Im vorliegenden Artikel wird untersucht, inwiefern der Migrationshintergrund ein unabhängiger Faktor für
die körperliche Fitness von Kindern und Jugendlichen ist oder ob sich der beobachtete Unterschied durch
andere Faktoren erklären lässt. An der Erhebung nahmen 3293 Primarstufen- (7,7 ± 1,2 Jahre) und
Sekundarstufenschüler (11,5 ± 1,2 Jahre) teil. Das Untersuchungskollektiv erreichte mit einem Gesamtscore
von 103,5 ± 6,9 eine überdurchschnittliche Leistung. Der Einfluss des Migrationshintergrunds konnte durch
die Faktoren Sportvereinstätigkeit, eigenes TV-Gerät im Zimmer und BMI erklärt werden, wobei der BMI den
stärksten Einfluss hatte. Aus den vorliegenden Ergebnissen lassen sich mögliche Interventions- und
Präventionsansätze herleiten.
Ernährung und Hormone
Authors: Kleine-Gunk Bernd
Published: December 2017

Auch wenn viele Ärzte immer noch davor zurückschrecken, Altern als eine Krankheit zu betrachten, so
bleibt doch festzuhalten: Biologisches Altern ist der wichtigste Risikofaktor für alle Erkrankungen, die
in der westlichen Welt die Sterbestatistik anführen. Vor allem bei postmenopausalen Frauen beschleunigt
der Hormonmangel zusätzlich diverse Alterungsprozesse. Allerdings ist dieser Verlauf durchaus nicht
schicksalhaft. Durch Lebensstil und Ernährung sowie durch eine individualisierte Hormonersatztherapie ist
eine effektive Prävention in vielen Fällen möglich (▶
Abb.

1
).
Jod und Selen – Bedeutung für die Funktion der Schilddrüse
Authors: Gärtner Roland
Published: December 2017

Die Schilddrüse ist das Organ mit dem höchsten Jod- und Selengehalt. Über mehr als 100 Jahre wurde
Jodmangel als einzige Ursache der typischen Schilddrüsenerkrankungen angesehen. Hingegen hat man einen
Selenmangel bisher üblicherweise nicht mit Erkrankungen der Schilddrüse in Verbindung gebracht. In den
letzten Jahren hat sich aber gezeigt, dass Selenmangel wahrscheinlich entscheidender ist als Jod für die
Entstehung der so häufigen Autoimmunthyreoiditis und auch der Neoplasien. Etwa 1 von 7 Menschen weltweit
leiden an einem Selenmangel – ebenso viele wie an einem Jodmangel. In Deutschland und vielen europäischen
Ländern ist etwa ein Drittel der Bevölkerung betroffen.
Zugang zu Frühen Hilfen in der Kinderklinik: Belastungsscreening als klinische Routine – differenzierte Exploration und Vermittlung durch das Fachteam
Authors: Belzer Florian , Gölz Tanja , Krug Isolde , Barth Michael , Häffner Karsten
Published: December 2017

Hintergrund Frühe Hilfen sollen Eltern mit kleinen Kindern früh in der Kindheit i.S. einer besonders vulnerablen Lebensphase sowie frühzeitig im Verlauf einer potenziell ungünstigen Entwicklung unterstützen, um negative Folgen mangelnder Fürsorge für die Kinder zu verhindern. Die Kinderklinik stellt hierbei einen Zugangsweg dar, der bislang wenig systematisch genutzt wird.

Methode In der vorliegenden Machbarkeitsstudie wurde an einem universitären Zentrum ein standardisiertes Risikoinventar im Routinebetrieb von Ärzten und Pflegekräften eingesetzt, um Belastungsfaktoren zu erfassen.

Ergebnisse Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass ein routinemäßiges Risikoscreening im pädiatrischen Kontext praktikabel ist und dass ein substanzieller Anteil belasteter Familien, insbesondere mit Kindern unter einem Jahr erfasst wird. Hierbei waren primär psychosoziale Belastungen von Familien ausschlaggebend. Die Vermittlungsraten in Frühe Hilfen (8,5%) und Angebote der Kinder- und Jugendhilfe (11,3%) entsprechen den Literaturangaben.

Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung Das Belastungsscreening erfüllt im verdichteten Stationsalltag eine „Rufknopf-Funktion“ und ist Basis einer differenzierten weiteren Exploration der Familien durch ein qualifiziertes, interdisziplinäres Fachteam, welches die Familien ggf. auch in die passenden Hilfsangebote vermittelt. Der Zugangsweg Kinderklinik kann so niederschwellig den Zugang zu Hilfen aus dem Bereich des SGB VIII erleichtern.
Patient reported outcome – Welche Faktoren beeinflussen die Qualität der Angaben sowie die Adhärenz der
Patienten?
Authors: Thiem Helena
Published: December 2017

Gamper EM et al. Evaluation of Noncompletion Bias and Long-Term Adherence in a 10-Year Patient-Reported Outcome Monitoring Program in
Clinical routine. Value in Health 2017; 20: 610-617

Die Datenqualität aus der klinischen Forschung ist nicht zuletzt für die Entscheidungsträger im Gesundheitswesen von großer Bedeutung. So
sollen Risiken, Nutzen und Kosten medizinischer Interventionen sowohl unter patientenrelevanten als auch gesundheitspolitischen Aspekten
beleuchtet werden. Derzeit existieren nur wenige Kenntnisse darüber, wie nachhaltig und repräsentativ die realitätsbezogenen
„real-life“-Daten aus patient reported outcomes (PROs) sind. In einer Auswertung von PRO-Daten sollten mögliche Einflussfaktoren für
unvollständige Angaben oder eine geringe Adhärenz ausgemacht werden.
Ich sehe … was?
Authors: Herzog Michael , Sengebusch Jürgen
Published: December 2017

Plötzlich treten die Symptome auf, scheinbar aus heiterem Himmel. Sie können vermeintlich Gesunde treffen oder auch Patienten mit Vorgeschichte. Ist die Diagnose gestellt, ist schnelles Handeln oberstes Gebot.
Stress und Resilienz: Was die Iris erzählt
Authors: Biechele Hermann
Published: December 2017

Augendiagnose ist Phänomenologie, klinische Diagnosen erschließen sich daraus nur empirisch. Strukturzeichen kennzeichnen Dispositionen und damit mögliche Einbruchstellen. Reflektorische Zeichen, Depositionszeichen und Pigmente kennzeichnen Diathesen und weisen auf typische pathophysiologische Reaktionsmuster hin.
Kosten-Nutzen-Bewertung – Methodische Hürden von Kosten-Nutzen Evaluationen zur Kataraktchirurgie
Authors: Potempa Christoph
Published: December 2017

Hahn U et al. Results and methodologyofcostutility evaluation of cataract surgery in developed countries: Quality-adjusted life years. J
Cataract Refract Surg 2017; 43: 839–847

Im Rahmen eines systematischen Reviews haben die Autoren um Hahn et al. die Ergebnisse und Methoden unterschiedlicher
gesundheitsökonomischer Studien zur Kataraktchirurgie analysiert. Sie fanden Hinweise auf ein vorteilhaftes Kosten-Nutzen-Verhältnis von
Kataraktoperationen, problematisieren jedoch gleichzeitig die Heterogenität von Studiendesigns und methodischen Ansätzen.
Therapietreue – Einfluss der Depression auf die Medikamenten-Persistenz von Antidiabetika
Authors: Blaich Cornelia
Published: December 2017

Lunghi C et al. The Association between Depression and Medication Nonpersistence in New Users of Antidiabetic Drugs. Value Health 2017; 20:
728–735

Diabetes ist eine der häufigsten chronischen Krankheiten weltweit. Diabetes-Patienten haben zudem ein höheres Risiko, eine Depression zu
entwickeln, die wiederum das Risiko für diabetische Komplikationen erhöht. Die Langzeitkontrolle des Blutzuckerspiegels und die damit
verbundene Prävention von Folgeerkrankungen werden maßgeblich von der Therapietreue der Patienten beeinflusst.
Deep UV-Vis photodetector based on ferroelectric/semiconductor heterojunction
Authors: Pandey B. K. , Dias S. , Nanda K. K. , Krupanidhi S. B.
Published: December 2017

Herein, we develop a ferroelectric/semiconducting heterostructure for deep UV-Vis photo detection as a new approach to enhance the photocurrent by introducing the polarization-dependent interfacial coupling effect. The deep UV-Vis photo detection efficiency of the heterostructure device is improved as compared with BaTiO3 and ZnO devices. The polarization-dependent interfacial coupling effect has been demonstrated by resistive switching and piezoresponse force microscopy study. The present work provides an efficient and novel way in designing highly efficient ferroelectric-based photodetector and new optoelectronic memory devices.
Two species drag/diffusion model for energetic particle driven modes
Authors: Aslanyan V. , Sharapov S. E. , Spong D. A. , Porkolab M.
Published: December 2017

A nonlinear bump-on-tail model for the growth and saturation of energetic particle driven plasma waves has been extended to include two populations of fast particles—one dominated by dynamical friction at the resonance and the other by velocity space diffusion. The resulting temporal evolution of the wave amplitude and frequency depends on the relative weight of the two populations. The two species model is applied to burning plasma with drag-dominated alpha particles and diffusion-dominated ICRH accelerated minority ions, showing the stabilization of bursting modes. The model also suggests an explanation for the recent observations on the TJ-II stellarator, where Alfvén Eigenmodes transition between steady state and bursting as the magnetic configuration varied.