bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global transcriptome profiling reveals root- and leaf-specific responses of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) to H2O2
Authors: Bhattacharyya Sabarna , Giridhar Maya , Meier Bastian , Peiter Edgar , Vothknecht Ute C. , Chigri Fatima
Published: September 2023

In cereal crops, such as barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), the ability to appropriately respond to environmental cues is an important factor for yield stability and thus for agricultural production. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), are key components of signal transduction cascades involved in plant adaptation to changing environmental conditions. H2O2-mediated stress responses include the modulation of expression of stress-responsive genes required to cope with different abiotic and biotic stresses. Despite its importance, knowledge of the effects of H2O2 on the barley transcriptome is still scarce. In this study, we identified global transcriptomic changes induced after application of 10 mM H2O2 to five-day-old barley plants. In total, 1883 and 1001 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in roots and leaves, respectively. Most of these DEGs were organ-specific, with only 209 DEGs commonly regulated and 37 counter-regulated between both plant parts. A GO term analysis further confirmed that different processes were affected in roots and leaves. It revealed that DEGs in leaves mostly comprised genes associated with hormone signaling, response to H2O2 and abiotic stresses. This includes many transcriptions factors and small heat shock proteins. DEGs in roots mostly comprised genes linked to crucial aspects of H2O2 catabolism and oxidant detoxification, glutathione metabolism, as well as cell wall modulation. These categories include many peroxidases and glutathione transferases. As with leaves, the H2O2 response category in roots contains small heat shock proteins, however, mostly different members of this family were affected and they were all regulated in the opposite direction in the two plant parts. Validation of the expression of the selected commonly regulated DEGs by qRT-PCR was consistent with the RNA-seq data. The data obtained in this study provide an insight into the molecular mechanisms of oxidative stress responses in barley, which might also play a role upon other stresses that induce oxidative bursts.
Elevated CO2 reduced antimony toxicity in wheat plants by improving photosynthesis, soil microbial content, minerals, and redox status
Authors: Khamis Galal , Reyad Ahmed Mohamed , Alsherif Emad A. , Madany Mahmoud M. Y. , Korany Shereen Magdy , Asard Han , AbdElgawad Hamada
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Antimony (Sb), a common rare heavy metal, is naturally present in soils at low concentrations. However, it is increasingly used in industrial applications, which in turn, leads to an increased release into the environment, exerting a detrimental impact on plant growth. Thus, it is important to study Sb effects on plants under the current and future CO2 (eCO2).

Methods

To this end, high Sb concentrations (1500 mg/kg soil) effects under ambient (420 ppm) and eCO2 (710 ppm) on wheat growth, physiology (photosynthesis reactions) and biochemistry (minerals contents, redox state), were studied and soil microbial were evaluated.

Results and discussion

Our results showed that Sb uptake significantly decreased wheat growth by 42%. This reduction could be explained by the inhibition in photosynthesis rate, Rubisco activity, and photosynthetic pigments (Cha and Chb), by 35%, 44%, and 51%, respectively. Sb significantly reduced total bacterial and fungal count and increased phenolic and organic acids levels in the soil to decrease Sb uptake. Moreover, it induced oxidative markers, as indicated by the increased levels of H2O2 and MDA (1.96 and 2.8-fold compared to the control condition, respectively). To reduce this damage, antioxidant capacity (TAC), CAT, POX, and SOD enzymes activity were increased by 1.61, 2.2, 2.87, and 1.86-fold, respectively. In contrast, eCO2 mitigated growth inhibition in Sb-treated wheat. eCO2 and Sb coapplication mitigated the Sb harmful effect on growth by reducing Sb uptake and improving photosynthesis and Rubisco enzyme activity by 0.58, 1.57, and 1.4-fold compared to the corresponding Sb treatments, respectively. To reduce Sb uptake and improve mineral availability for plants, a high accumulation of phenolics level and organic acids in the soil was observed. eCO2 reduces Sb-induced oxidative damage by improving redox status. In conclusion, our study has provided valuable insights into the physiological and biochemical bases underlie the Sb-stress mitigating of eCO2 conditions. Furthermore, this is important step to define strategies to prevent its adverse effects of Sb on plants in the future.
Stress-responsive gene regulation conferring salinity tolerance in wheat inoculated with ACC deaminase producing facultative methylotrophic actinobacterium
Authors: Meena Kamlesh K. , Sorty Ajay M. , Bitla Utkarsh , Shinde Akash L. , Kumar Satish , Wakchaure Goraksha C. , Kumar Shrvan , Kanwat Manish , Singh Dhananjaya P.
Published: September 2023

Microbes enhance crop resilience to abiotic stresses, aiding agricultural sustainability amid rising global land salinity. While microbes have proven effective via seed priming, soil amendments, and foliar sprays in diverse crops, their mechanisms remain less explored. This study explores the utilization of ACC deaminase-producing Nocardioides sp. to enhance wheat growth in saline environments and the molecular mechanisms underlying Nocardioides sp.-mediated salinity tolerance in wheat. The Nocardioides sp. inoculated seeds were grown under four salinity regimes viz., 0 dS m−1, 5 dS m−1, 10 dS m−1, and 15 dS m−1, and vegetative growth parameters including shoot-root length, germination percentage, seedling vigor index, total biomass, and shoot-root ratio were recorded. The Nocardioides inoculated wheat plants performed well under saline conditions compared to uninoculated plants and exhibited lower shoot:root (S:R) ratio (1.52 ± 0.14 for treated plants against 1.84 ± 0.08 for untreated plants) at salinity level of 15 dS m−1 and also showed improved biomass at 5 dS m−1 and 10 dS m−1. Furthermore, the inoculated plants also exhibited higher protein content viz., 22.13 mg g−1, 22.10 mg g−1, 22.63 mg g−1, and 23.62 mg g−1 fresh weight, respectively, at 0 dS m−1, 5 dS m−1, 10 dS m−1, and 15 dS m−1. The mechanisms were studied in terms of catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and ascorbate peroxidase activity, free radical scavenging potential, in-situ localization of H2O2 and superoxide ions, and DNA damage. The inoculated seedlings maintained higher enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant potential, which corroborated with reduced H2O2 and superoxide localization within the tissue. The gene expression profiles of 18 stress-related genes involving abscisic acid signaling, salt overly sensitive (SOS response), ion transporters, stress-related transcription factors, and antioxidant enzymes were also analyzed. Higher levels of stress-responsive gene transcripts, for instance, TaABARE (~+7- and +10-fold at 10 dS m−1 and 15 dS m−1); TaHAk1 and hkt1 (~+4- and +8-fold at 15 dS m−1); antioxidant enzymes CAT, MnSOD, POD, APX, GPX, and GR (~+4, +3, +5, +4, +9, and +8 folds and), indicated actively elevated combat mechanisms in inoculated seedlings. Our findings emphasize Nocardioides sp.–mediated wheat salinity tolerance via ABA-dependent cascade and salt-responsive ion transport system. This urges additional study of methylotrophic microbes to enhance crop abiotic stress resilience.
Chinese college students collaborative mobile-assisted language learning experience and flow as a key factor for further adoption
Authors: Hu Ling , Hei Dan , Wang Hui , Dai Xuanrui
Published: September 2023

Introduction

In recent years, the widespread shift toward online learning in higher education has led to a notable increase in the utilization of collaborative mobile-assisted language learning (MALL). However, the efficacy and implementation of MALL in college settings remain subjects of ongoing scholarly debate. To gain deeper insights into the experiences of Chinese college students with collaborative MALL and investigate factors that may influence their intentions for further adoption, this study proposed a comprehensive model that integrates the updated Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) and flow theory.

Methods

The model aimed to assess the relationship between flow and various antecedents, including perceived cost, social influences, perceived mobility, collaboration, and knowledge sharing, which shape students’ intentions to adopt collaborative MALL. A survey was conducted among a sample of 831 students from 32 provinces and autonomous regions.

Results

The data analysis revealed that while 73% of participants reported having experienced collaborative MALL, overall adoption levels among Chinese college students are still in its initiative stage of adoption. Furthermore, variations were observed in the experiences of students from different majors and level of education. Importantly, the assessment of the proposed Mobile Collaborative Language Learning (MCLL) Model demonstrated the significant role of flow in predicting the adoption of collaborative MALL among Chinese college students.

Discussion

The study concludes with suggestions for future research opportunities based on the research findings, aiming to enhance our understanding and application of collaborative MALL in higher education contexts.
The brief introduction to organizational citizenship behaviors and counterproductive work behaviors: a literature review
Authors: Fan Qianqian , Wider Walton , Chan Choon Kit
Published: September 2023

This paper presents a literature review on the topic of organizational performance. The study conceptualizes the overall performance of the organization as comprising of organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB) and counterproductive work behaviors (CWB). While there are numerous research studies on OCB, not many have focused on how OCB and CWB affect organizational performance simultaneously. The paper provides an explanation of the OCB and CWB concepts, followed by the primary research and focus of the study. The article presents a comprehensive framework for understanding the meanings of OCB and CWB, along with an internal hierarchy. This framework will serve as a beneficial resource for working managers, academics, and researchers, who seek to optimize economic productivity through improved understanding and management of OCB and CWB.
Human and machine recognition of dynamic and static facial expressions: prototypicality, ambiguity, and complexity
Authors: Kim Hyunwoo , Küster Dennis , Girard Jeffrey M. , Krumhuber Eva G.
Published: September 2023

A growing body of research suggests that movement aids facial expression recognition. However, less is known about the conditions under which the dynamic advantage occurs. The aim of this research was to test emotion recognition in static and dynamic facial expressions, thereby exploring the role of three featural parameters (prototypicality, ambiguity, and complexity) in human and machine analysis. In two studies, facial expression videos and corresponding images depicting the peak of the target and non-target emotion were presented to human observers and the machine classifier (FACET). Results revealed higher recognition rates for dynamic stimuli compared to non-target images. Such benefit disappeared in the context of target-emotion images which were similarly well (or even better) recognised than videos, and more prototypical, less ambiguous, and more complex in appearance than non-target images. While prototypicality and ambiguity exerted more predictive power in machine performance, complexity was more indicative of human emotion recognition. Interestingly, recognition performance by the machine was found to be superior to humans for both target and non-target images. Together, the findings point towards a compensatory role of dynamic information, particularly when static-based stimuli lack relevant features of the target emotion. Implications for research using automatic facial expression analysis (AFEA) are discussed.
Being in-between; exploring former cult members’ experiences of an acculturation process using the cultural formulation interview (DSM-5)
Authors: Hadding Cecilia , Semb Olof , Lehti Arja , Fahlström Martin , Sandlund Mikael , DeMarinis Valerie
Published: September 2023

Objective

To explore the experiences of acculturation into secular Swedish society of former members of cults, with particular focus on mental health, needs and resources.

Design

Qualitative method using the Cultural Formulation Interview (CFI) from the DSM-5 as an interview guide. Analysis of participants’ experiences of acculturation through systematic text condensation.

Participants

Eleven Swedish former members of ideological or religion-based cults.

Setting

Swedish mainstream, secular society.

Results

Former cult members experience an ‘in-between time’ in the period after leaving the cult and find themselves in a confusing, chaotic state. They describe having lived in an honor culture where acts of violence were normalized. In the cult, they felt disconnected from themselves, and post-cult they try to regain access to their own values and feelings as well as create new bonds with family members and friends outside the cult. They find it hard to talk about their cult background and find relief in communicating with other former cult members. In their post-cult life, they eventually start seeing the world in a brighter, more hopeful way than before. However, they are also at risk of re-experiencing cult-related traumatic events and of new traumatic experiences within the post-cult acculturation process, and of persistent psychological distress.

Conclusion

Former cult members face a challenging acculturation process, having lost a functioning worldview upon leaving the cult but not yet gained another to take its place. While the in-between time is often transient, they may need support from the healthcare system, especially regarding mental health concerns, while establishing themselves into mainstream society.
Identifying and responding to family adversity in Australian community and primary health settings: a multi-site cross sectional study
Authors: Hall Teresa , Constable Leanne , Loveday Sarah , Honisett Suzy , Schreurs Natalie , Goldfeld Sharon , Loftus Hayley , Jones Renee , Reupert Andrea , Yap Marie B. H. , Woolfenden Sue , Montgomery Alicia , Dalziel Kim , Bailey Cate , Pringle Glenn , Fisher Jane , Forell Suzie , Eapen Valsamma , Haslam Ric , Sanci Lena , Eastwood John , Hiscock Harriet
Published: September 2023

Background

Unaddressed family adversity has potentially modifiable, negative biopsychosocial impacts across the life course. Little is known about how Australian health and social practitioners identify and respond to family adversity in community and primary health settings.

Objective

To describe, in two Australian community health services: (1) the number of adversities experienced by caregivers, (2) practitioner identification of caregivers experiencing adversity, (3) practitioner response to caregivers experiencing adversity, and (4) caregiver uptake of referrals.

Methods

Survey of caregivers of children aged 0–8 years attending community health services in Victoria and New South Wales (NSW). Analysis described frequencies of caregiver self-reported: (1) experiences of adversity, (2) practitioner identification of adversity, (3) practitioner response to adversity, and (4) referral uptake. Analyses were sub-grouped by three adversity domains and site.

Results

349 caregivers (Victoria: n = 234; NSW: n = 115) completed the survey of whom 88% reported experiencing one or more family adversities. The median number of adversities was 4 (2–6). Only 43% of participants were directly asked about or discussed an adversity with a practitioner in the previous 6 months (Victoria: 30%; NSW: 68%). Among caregivers experiencing adversity, 30% received direct support (Victoria: 23%; NSW: 43%), and 14% received a referral (Victoria: 10%; NSW: 22%) for at least one adversity. Overall, 74% of caregivers accepted referrals when extended.

Conclusion

The needs of Australian families experiencing high rates of adversity are not systematically identified nor responded to in community health services. This leaves significant scope for reform and enhancement of service responses to families experiencing adversity.
Optimization of emergency allocation of necessities of life based on fractal perspective
Authors: Li Hong , Zhou Zhe , Hu Chuan , Ning Yumei , Wang Zihao , Huang Hua , Tao Kangsheng
Published: September 2023

The supply and reserves of emergency necessities of life are important for emergency management in disaster events. The scope of the necessities of life changes with social development, and their reserves and allocation in sudden disaster events continually face new challenges. Timely distribution of the necessities of life during disasters is critical to saving lives and maintaining social order. Therefore, this study proposes a fractal multi-level distribution network (FMDN) optimization model with multiple warehouse points, multiple emergency distribution centers, and multiple disaster points from the perspective of fractal theory. The FMDN model considers the influence of road damage on vehicle speed and the dynamic change in demand at the affected points. The FMDN model aims to minimize the operating costs of a distribution network, including the cost of building emergency reserve points, transportation costs, and penalty costs for lack of demand. Numerical experiments verify the feasibility of the model. The FMDN model is solved using LINGO software programming, and an optimal distribution path and quantity are obtained. Analyzing the numerical example results shows that the model is suitable for emergencies and has good applicability.
The correlation of urinary strontium with the risk of chronic kidney disease among the general United States population
Authors: Zhang Fenglian , Hu Na , Li Jiayue , Pu Ming , Li Xinchun , Li Yuanmei , Liao Dan
Published: September 2023

Background

This study sought to illustrate whether urinary strontium levels were related to developing chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the United States population.

Methods

A total of 5,005 subjects were identified from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2016. Survey-weighted logistic regression analysis, multivariate linear regression analysis, restricted cubic spline (RCS) plots curve and stratified analyses were undertaken to explicate the correlation between urinary strontium and CKD.

Results

With the increase of urinary strontium, the incidence rate of CKD and urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) levels gradually decreased, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) levels gradually increased. After controlling all confounders, only urinary strontium in the fourth quartile was correlated to a lower CKD prevalence (OR: 0.59; 95% CI, 0.44–0.79) compared to the lowest quartile. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that urinary strontium was positively correlated with eGFR but negatively with UACR. RCS curve suggested a nonlinear relationship between urinary strontium and CKD (P for non-linearity <0.001). Stratified analyses indicated no significant difference in the correlation between urinary strontium and CKD among different subgroups.

Conclusion

Urinary strontium was strongly correlated with a low risk of CKD, and this association was non-linear among the US population.
Should we encourage the use of robotic technologies in complicated diverticulitis? Results of systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Panin S. I. , Nechay T. V. , Sazhin A. V. , Tyagunov A. E. , Shcherbakov N. A. , Bykov A. V. , Melnikov-Makarchuk K. Yu , Yuldashev A. G. , Kuznetsov A. A.
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Complicated diverticulitis is a common abdominal emergency that often requires a surgical intervention. The systematic review and meta-analysis below compare the benefits and harms of robotic vs. laparoscopic surgery in patients with complicated colonic diverticular disease.

Methods: The following databases were searched before 1 March 2023: Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and ClinicalTrials.gov. The internal validity of the selected non-randomized studies was assessed using the ROBINS-I tool. The meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis were performed using RevMan 5.4 (Cochrane Collaboration, London, United Kingdom) and Copenhagen Trial Unit Trial Sequential Analysis (TSA) software (Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark), respectively.

Results: We found no relevant randomized controlled trials in the searched databases. Therefore, we analyzed 5 non-randomized studies with satisfactory internal validity and similar designs comprising a total of 442 patients (184 (41.6%) robotic and 258 (58.4%) laparoscopic interventions). The analysis revealed that robotic surgery for complicated diverticulitis (CD) took longer than laparoscopy (MD = 42 min; 95% CI: [-16, 101]). No statistically significant differences were detected between the groups regarding intraoperative blood loss (MD = −9 mL; 95% CI: [–26, 8]) and the rate of conversion to open surgery (2.17% or 4/184 for robotic surgery vs. 6.59% or 17/258 for laparoscopy; RR = 0.63; 95% CI: [0.10, 4.00]). The type of surgery did not affect the length of in-hospital stay (MD = 0.18; 95% CI: [–0.60, 0.97]) or the rate of postoperative complications (14.1% or 26/184 for robotic surgery vs. 19.8% or 51/258 for laparoscopy; RR = 0.81; 95% CI: [0.52, 1.26]). No deaths were reported in either group.

Discussion: The meta-analysis suggests that robotic surgery is an appropriate option for managing complicated diverticulitis. It is associated with a trend toward a lower rate of conversion to open surgery and fewer postoperative complications; however, this trend does not reach the level of statistical significance. Since no high quality RCTs were available, this meta-analysis isnot able to provide reliable conclusion, but only a remarkable lack of proper evidence supporting robotic technology. The need for further evidence-based trials is important.
Oral microbial interactions from an ecological perspective: a narrative review
Authors: Fine Daniel H. , Schreiner Helen
Published: September 2023

Landscape ecology is a relatively new field of study within the sub-specialty of ecology that considers time and space in addition to structure and function. Landscape ecology contends that both the configuration (spatial pattern) and the composition (organisms both at the macro and or micro level) of an ecology can change over time. The oral cavity is an ideal place to study landscape ecology because of the variety of landscapes, the dynamic nature of plaque biofilm development, and the easy access to biofilm material. This review is intended to provide some specific clinical examples of how landscape ecology can influence the understanding of oral diseases and act as a supplement to diagnosis and treatment. The purpose of this review is two-fold; (1) to illustrate how landscape ecology can be used to clarify the two most prominent microbiologically induced infections in the oral cavity, and (2) how studies of oral microbiology can be used to enhance the understanding of landscape ecology. The review will distinguish between “habitat” and “niche” in a landscape and extend the concept that a “patch”, is the demarcating unit of a habitat within a landscape. The review will describe how; (1) an individual patch, defined by its shape, edges and internal components can have an influence on species within the patch, (2) spatial dynamics over time within a patch can lead to variations or diversities of species within that patch space, and (3) an unwelcoming environment can promote species extinction or departure/dispersion into a more favorable habitat. Understanding this dynamic in relationship to caries and periodontal disease is the focus of this review.
Will we find Martian lightning via Schumann resonances?
Authors: Esman T. M. , Espley J. R. , Gruesbeck J. R. , Verbiscer A. , Giacalone J. , Halford A. J.
Published: September 2023

Schumann resonances are electromagnetic resonances generally associated with lightning. If they exist on Mars, Schumann resonances are expected to resonate within the ionospheric cavity at a fundamental frequency of 7–14 Hz. We conducted a search for 5–16 Hz signals below 400 km in magnetic field data from the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) and Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) missions. Fast Fourier transforms and wavelet analysis were used to find these signals and investigate their characteristics further. We discuss our null results and the required steps forward to continue and improve this search. Future studies will require higher sensitivity instruments and would benefit from additional missions that reach into the lower ionosphere of Mars.
Monitoring the effect of integrated nutrient management practices on soil health in maize-based cropping system
Authors: Bamboriya Jitendra Singh , Purohit H. S. , Naik B. Sri Sai Siddartha , Pramanick Biswajit , Bamboriya Shanti Devi , Bamboriya Sumitra Devi , Doodhawal Kiran , Sunda Shankar Lal , Medida Sunil Kumar , Gaber Ahmed , Alsuhaibani Amnah Mohammed , Hossain Akbar
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Soil organic matter (SOM) plays a vital role in enhancing soil characteristics and promoting sustainable crop production. The active and passive components of SOM tend to be more effective indicators of soil changes than total SOM content.

Methods

This study aimed to examine the impact of integrated nutrient management (INM) on the active and passive segments of SOM in maize during the kharif seasons of 2019 and 2020 at the Instructional Farm of Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur. A total of 11 treatments comprising of control (no application of manures/fertilizers/biofertilizers), different INM combinations, and application of inorganic fertilizers were laid in a randomized block design (RBD) with three replications tested in this study.

Results

The use of INM through enriched phosphorus compost (EPC), biofertilizers, and chemical fertilizers significantly boosted both the active and passive constituents of the organic matter of the soil. In this study, a combination of 75% NPK fertilizers via soil test response (STR), EPC @ 5 t ha−1, an Azotobacter consortium, phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB), and a foliar spray of 0.5% Zn considerably increased the active fraction of SOM than other treatments as indicated by microbial biomass carbon (251 mg kg−1), microbial biomass nitrogen (36.8 mg kg−1), microbial biomass phosphorus (6.82 mg kg−1), water-soluble organic carbon (73.9 mg kg−1), water-soluble carbohydrates (43.8 mg kg−1), presence of dehydrogenase in soil (6.82 μg TPF g−1 soil 24 h−1), and carbon mineralization (43.8 mg CO2C kg−1 soil 24 h−1). This treatment was also found to increase the passive fraction as shown by the presence of humic acid (0.332%), fulvic acid (0.210%), hymatomelanic acid (0.052%), brown humic acid (0.252%), and humin (0.604%).

Discussion

From this study, it can be concluded that the application of 75% NPK fertilizers as per STR + EPC + Azotobacter + PSB + 0.5% foliar Zn spray can improve soil health in maize-based cropping systems.
How do risk preferences influence forage planting behaviors among farmers in the agro-pastoral ecotone of China?
Authors: Zhang Wene , Khan Aftab , Luo Yu , Qi Tian , Zhao Minjuan
Published: September 2023

Introduction

This study analyzes the influence of risk preference on the forage planting behavior of farmers in the agro-pastoral zone from three aspects-whether or not to plant forage, the scale of forage planting, and the duration of forage planting—and pays attention to the indirect effect of credit on the farmers' forage planting behavior, as well as the heterogeneity of the influence of risk preference on the forage planting behavior of farmers from the perspectives of different farming scales, types of farmers, and differences between generations.

Methods

Experimental economics, a two-stage model, is used to analyze this problem.

Results and conclusion

The results show that, first, risk preference can significantly promote farmers' forage planting probability, expand forage planting scale, and increase forage planting duration. Specifically, when risk preference increases by one unit, the probability of farmers choosing to plant forage increases by 7.8%, the planting scale increases by 0.205 hm2, and the planting duration increases by 0.519 years. This conclusion remained robust after changing the explanatory variables. Second, risk preference not only directly affects farmers' forage planting behavior but also indirectly affects farmers' forage planting behavior by influencing farmers' participation in credit. Third, heterogeneity analysis shows that risk preference has a significant effect on forage planting behavior among farmers with a medium breeding degree, among pure farmers and concurrent farmers, as well as middle-aged and elderly farmers.
Controversies in ureteroscopy: lasers, scopes, ureteral access sheaths, practice patterns and beyond
Authors: Juliebø-Jones Patrick , Keller Etienne Xavier , De Coninck Vincent , Uguzova Sabine , Tzelves Lazaros , Æsøy Mathias Sørstrand , Beisland Christian , Somani Bhaskar K. , Ulvik Øyvind
Published: September 2023

Ureteroscopy has become an increasingly popular surgical intervention for conditions such as urinary stone disease. As new technologies and techniques become available, debate regarding their proper use has risen. This includes the role of single use ureteroscopes, optimal laser for stone lithotripsy, basketing versus dusting, the impact of ureteral access sheath, the need for safety guidewire, fluoroscopy free URS, imaging and follow up practices are all areas which have generated a lot of debate. This review serves to evaluate each of these issues and provide a balanced conclusion to guide the clinician in their practice.
Candidate genes associated with heat stress and breeding strategies to relieve its effects in dairy cattle: a deeper insight into the genetic architecture and immune response to heat stress
Authors: Worku Destaw , Hussen Jamal , De Matteis Giovanna , Schusser Benjamin , Alhussien Mohanned Naif
Published: September 2023

The need for food products of animal origin is increasing worldwide. Satisfying these needs in a way that has minimal impact on the environment requires cutting-edge technologies and techniques to enhance the genetic quality of cattle. Heat stress (HS), in particular, is affecting dairy cattle with increasing frequency and severity. As future climatic challenges become more evident, identifying dairy cows that are more tolerant to HS will be important for breeding dairy herds that are better adapted to future environmental conditions and for supporting the sustainability of dairy farming. While research into the genetics of HS in the context of the effect of global warming on dairy cattle is gaining momentum, the specific genomic regions involved in heat tolerance are still not well documented. Advances in omics information, QTL mapping, transcriptome profiling and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified genomic regions and variants associated with tolerance to HS. Such studies could provide deeper insights into the genetic basis for response to HS and make an important contribution to future breeding for heat tolerance, which will help to offset the adverse effects of HS in dairy cattle. Overall, there is a great interest in identifying candidate genes and the proportion of genetic variation associated with heat tolerance in dairy cattle, and this area of research is currently very active worldwide. This review provides comprehensive information pertaining to some of the notable recent studies on the genetic architecture of HS in dairy cattle, with particular emphasis on the identified candidate genes associated with heat tolerance in dairy cattle. Since effective breeding programs require optimal knowledge of the impaired immunity and associated health complications caused by HS, the underlying mechanisms by which HS modulates the immune response and renders animals susceptible to various health disorders are explained. In addition, future breeding strategies to relieve HS in dairy cattle and improve their welfare while maintaining milk production are discussed.
Significance of intramedullary T2* signal voids in the magnetic resonance imaging of paraplegic deep pain-negative dogs following intervertebral disc extrusion at short-term follow-up
Authors: Clark Robert , Ferreira Amy , Behr Sebastien
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Dogs presenting as paraplegic without nociception due to a thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion provide a difficult decision to both the clinician and the owner. The prognosis when performing surgical decompression remains guarded. Aside from significant extradural compression, these dogs often have a significant secondary spinal cord injury, which has shown to be an important factor in determining both the likelihood of developing progressive myelomalacia and the return to ambulation.

Materials and methods

This is a retrospective, observational, single centre study including 82 dogs presenting as paraplegic with absent nociception diagnosed with an intervertebral disc extrusion. Patients underwent MRI of the thoracolumbar spine, including a gradient echo sequence which was evaluated for the presence of intramedullary signal void artefacts. Decompressive surgery was performed, and patients were evaluated for the presence of nociception at short term follow up (at least four weeks post-surgery).

Results

Overall, 59.8% of patients regained nociception within the study period. This number was significantly reduced to 33.3% when multiple gradient echo signal voids were present (compared to 67.3% of dogs without signal voids). There was no significant difference in the rate of developing progressive myelomalacia between groups.

Conclusions

This paper adds to the existing literature and suggests that the gradient echo sequence may be of use when assessing acute spinal cord injury in the context of intervertebral disc extrusion and how it relates to prognosis.
Microanatomical findings with relevance to trigeminal ganglion enhancement on post-contrast T1-weighted magnetic resonance images in dogs
Authors: Santifort Koen M. , Glass Eric N. , Pumarola Marti , Aige Gil Vicente
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Trigeminal ganglion contrast enhancement (TGCE) is reported to be a normal and a common finding on magnetic resonance imaging studies of dogs, cats and humans. The intent of the present study was to describe the anatomical characteristics of the trigeminal ganglion, its surrounding structures, and histological features that are relevant to explain or hypothesize on the reason for TGCE on T1-weighted post-contrast MRI studies of the brain in dogs.

Methods

Eight dog cadavers were dissected to study the anatomy of the trigeminal ganglion. The presence and anatomy of vessels was studied by dissection and by histological techniques. Two trigeminal ganglia were isolated and stained with hematoxylin–eosin (HE). Two other trigeminal ganglia included in the trigeminal canal and trigeminal cavity were decalcified with formic acid/formalin for 12 weeks and stained with HE to study the related vessels. Additionally, a corrosion cast was obtained from a separate canine specimen.

Results

Leptomeninges and a subarachnoid space were identified at the level of the trigeminal nerve roots and the trigeminal ganglion. No subarachnoid space was identified and leptomeninges were no longer present at the level of the three trigeminal nerve branches. Small arterial vessels ran to and supplied the trigeminal ganglion, passing through the dura mater. No venous plexus was visualized at the level of the trigeminal ganglion in the dissections. A complex arterial vascular network was identified within the leptomeningeal covering of the trigeminal ganglion and was best appreciated in the corrosion cast. Histological examination revealed small-to moderate-sized blood vessels located in the epineurium around the ganglion; from there a multitude of arterioles penetrated into the perineurium. Small endoneurial branches and capillaries penetrated the ganglion and the trigeminal nerve branches.

Discussion

Limitations to this study include the limited number of canine specimens included and the lack of electron microscopy to further support current hypotheses included in our discussion. In conclusion, this study provides further support to the theory that TGCE in dogs may be due an incomplete blood-nerve barrier or blood-ganglion barrier at the interface between the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.
A New Flow Control and Efficiency Enhancement Method for Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines Based on Segmented Prepositive Elliptical Wings
Authors: Bai Xuan , Zhan Hao , Mi Baigang
Published: September 2023

Flow separation occurs when wind turbines operate under large inflow conditions, which seriously affects the utilization of wind energy and reduces the output power of the blade. Therefore, a composite flow control configuration for horizontal axis wind turbines, founded on segmented prepositive elliptical wings, is proposed for efficiency enhancement. Taking a typical NREL Phase VI wind turbine as the prototype, its separation effect is evaluated by the CFD method. Then, starting from the improvement of the two-dimensional airfoil flow, the prepositive elliptic wing is designed according to the airfoil flow, and the optimal two-dimensional flow control configuration of the blade airfoil is obtained by simulation analysis. Finally, the two-dimensional configuration is extended to three-dimensional, and the aerodynamic characteristics of the blade before and after flow control are simulated and compared. The results show that, at wind speeds of 10~20 m/s, flow separation on the blade is effectively inhibited; meanwhile, the pressure difference between the pressure surface and the suction surface increases. These characteristics greatly improve the performance of wind turbine and increase its torque by more than 30%. Moreover, when the flow control effect cannot be reached, the blade torque is only reduced by approximately 2%.
Current Trends for a Modern, Integrated, and Sustainable Approach to Weed Management
Authors: Peruzzi Andrea , Fontanelli Marco , Frasconi Christian
Published: September 2023

The need to reduce the use of agrochemicals in order to work towards sustainable farming systems has influenced scientific research on weeds in recent years [...]
Missing Plants Effects and Stand Correction Methods in Coffea arabica Progeny Experiments
Authors: Botelho César Elias , Andrade Vinicius Teixeira , Abrahão Juliana Costa de Rezende , Gonçalves Flávia Maria Avelar
Published: September 2023

Plant loss occasionally occurs in field experiments with coffee crops in experimental plots. In breeding programs, such loss can be harmful, especially when the corresponding statistical analyses are not consistent with the experimentally generated data. Herein, we analyzed productivity data to determine whether the compensatory effect occurs in coffee crops, evaluated the need to correct experimental failures, and identified the best stand correction method. We used productivity data from six harvests of eleven experiments with Coffea arabica plants. The experiments were implemented in a randomized block design, with four replications and six plants per plot. The following stand correction methods were evaluated: rule of three; Zuber; Vencovsky and Cruz covariance of the average or ideal stands; and Cruz, and the data were compared without correction adjustments. The most adequate correction methods were selected based on genetic variance, selective accuracy, and progeny ordering. The compensatory effect was evident from the analyzed data, with stand correction being evidenced as beneficial in progeny competition experiments. The best results were obtained for the covariance methods using average or ideal stands, followed by the method proposed by Cruz. The rule of three and Zuber method exhibited unsatisfactory results and are not recommended for stand correction in progeny competition experiments with coffee crops.
Integrated Metabolome and Transcriptome Analyses Reveal the Efficacy of Steroidal Saponins for Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Hybrid Grouper (♀Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × ♂Epinephelus lanceolatu) Fed Higher-Lipid Diets
Authors: Deng Hongjin , Chen Guiqiong , Zhang Jiacheng , Yang Qihui , Dong Xiaohui , Xie Shiwei , Liang Weixing , Tan Beiping , Chi Shuyan
Published: September 2023

An analysis of the extent of the effect of steroidal saponin addition on glucose and lipid metabolism in hybrid grouper liver was performed at the transcriptomic and metabolomic levels. Feeds (52% crude protein, 14% crude lipid) were prepared containing 0% (S0), 0.1% (S0.1), and 0.2% (S0.2) steroidal saponins. After eight weeks of feeding trial, compared to the S0 group, the activities of serum albumin, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate transaminase were significantly lower and the activities of lysozyme, acid phosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase were significantly higher in the S0.1 group (p < 0.05). The superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities in the livers of the S0.1 group were significantly higher than those of the S0 group, while the malondialdehyde content was significantly lower than that of the S0 group (p < 0.05). There were forty-two differentially expressed genes and thirty-two differential metabolites associated with glucose and lipid metabolism enriched using KEGG and GO. In the S0 group, the expression of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1, prostaglandin E synthase 1, and thromboxane-2 synthase mRNA was significantly higher than in the S0.1 group (p < 0.05). The expression levels of genes in the S0 group were significantly higher than those in the S0.1 group (p < 0.05), including for glycogen synthase kinase, glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 2, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, glucose transporter 4, and malate dehydrogenase. The expression of mRNA such as fatty acid synthase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 was significantly lower in the S0.1 group than in the S0 group, while the expression of carnitine acyltransferase 1, acyl-CoA synthetase, and acyl-CoA dehydrogenase genes was significantly higher in the S0 group (p < 0.05). In summary, glycogen synthesis, gluconeogenesis, and the arachidonic acid metabolism pathway were inhibited by 0.1% steroidal saponins, and glycogenolysis, glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and the fatty acid β-oxidation pathway were activated. This study aims to provide a reference for the formulation of grouper feeds with a higher crude-lipid level.
Use of a Visual Scoring System to Assess External Udder Conformation and Its Relationship to Colostrum Quality and Lamb Growth Rates
Authors: Richardson Haley , Ahmadzadeh Amin , Konetchy Denise
Published: September 2023

In sheep raised for meat production, the relationship between external udder conformation, colostrum quality, and lamb growth rates has not received much attention. We hypothesized that ewes with a more desirable udder conformation at lambing would have greater colostrum quality and greater growth rates in lambs. Fifty Suffolk ewes were used in this study. Within 6–8 h of parturition, colostrum samples from both halves of the udder were collected and visual scoring of the udder was conducted. Colostrum quality was measured for total proteins using both optical and Brix refractometers. On day 2, day 45, and day 60 after parturition, lamb weights were recorded, and udder conformation measurements were repeated. A visual scoring system evaluating udder floor (scale 1–4), udder depth (scale 1–9), teat placement (scale 1–9), teat/mammary lesions (present or absent), and the presence of wool (present or absent) was used to assess the external udder conformation. Normal udder parameters included udder depth scores of 5 or 6; udder floor scores of 1 or 2; teat placement scores of 4, 5, or 6; and the absence of teat/mammary lesions and wool. All ewes not meeting normal parameters were considered to have an abnormal udder. The data were analyzed using the GLM procedure. Mean total colostrum protein was greater (p = 0.03) in ewes displaying a ‘normal’ udder conformation compared with those with an ‘abnormal’ conformation (14.82 ± 0.5 and 13.31 ± 0.3 mg/dL, respectively). Mean Brix values were also greater (p = 0.03) for ewes with a ‘normal’ udder compared to an abnormal udder confirmation (21.70 ± 0.8 and 19.54 ± 0.5, respectively). On day 2 after parturition, the mean lamb body weight was not different between ewes with ‘normal’ and abnormal udders (5.38 ± 0.26 vs. 5.46 ± 0.15). No differences (p > 0.05) in lamb weights were detected between ewes with normal and abnormal udder conformations on day 45 and 60 after parturition. These data provide evidence of greater colostrum total protein values and greater Brix values present in ewes with a ‘normal’ udder conformation. There were no differences in the weights of lambs born to ewes with normal or abnormal udder conformations.
Self-Perception of Inclusion in an Inclusive Choir: An Analysis Using the Scale for the Assessment of Inclusion (SAI)
Authors: Juan-Morera Borja , Nadal-García Icíar , López-Casanova Belén , Vicente Eva
Published: September 2023

Inclusion promotes equal opportunities, and aims to eliminate discrimination, by ensuring full access, participation, and representation for all individuals in society, with music playing a crucial role in addressing this global challenge, and fostering positive and inclusive change. The aim of this study is to identify perceptions of inclusive culture, policies, values, and practices in one specific inclusive choir in Spain. The sample consisted of 135 members, ranging from 18 to 79 years of age, of which 22.2% have recognised disabilities. All of them filled in the adapted Scale for the Assessment of Inclusion (SAI) form. The results show that, regardless of gender, age, and length of participation in the choir, their members share positive perceptions of the inclusiveness of its values, policies, practices, and culture. However, perceptions vary across the groups surveyed, and are generally more favourable among participants with a disability, those without a university education, or those aged 26 or over. It is found that people who participate in an inclusive choir, in which music is the mediating resource, perceive a high level of inclusion that allows them to feel they belong to a group where diversity, equality, and the promotion of people are respected. The findings are analysed, considering the importance of conducting multidimensional evaluations that include all members of an organisation.