bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Computing Surface PolyCube‐Maps by Constrained Voxelization
Authors: Yang Yang , Fu Xiao‐Ming , Liu Ligang
Published: November 2019

We present a novel method to compute bijective PolyCube‐maps with low isometric distortion. Given a surface and its pre‐axis‐aligned shape that is not an exact PolyCube shape, the algorithm contains two steps: (i) construct a PolyCube shape to approximate the pre‐axis‐aligned shape; and (ii) generate a bijective, low isometric distortion mapping between the constructed PolyCube shape and the input surface. The PolyCube construction is formulated as a constrained optimization problem, where the objective is the number of corners in the constructed PolyCube, and the constraint is to bound the approximation error between the constructed PolyCube and the input pre‐axis‐aligned shape while ensuring topological validity. A novel erasing‐and‐filling solver is proposed to solve this challenging problem. Centeral to the algorithm for computing bijective PolyCube‐maps is a quad mesh optimization process that projects the constructed PolyCube onto the input surface with high‐quality quads. We demonstrate the efficacy of our algorithm on a data set containing 300 closed meshes. Compared to state‐of‐the‐art methods, our method achieves higher practical robustness and lower mapping distortion.
Shadow Inpainting and Removal Using Generative Adversarial Networks with Slice Convolutions
Authors: Wei Jinjiang , Long Chengjiang , Zou Hua , Xiao Chunxia
Published: November 2019

In this paper, we propose a two‐stage top‐down and bottom‐up Generative Adversarial Networks (TBGANs) for shadow inpainting and removal which uses a novel top‐down encoder and a bottom‐up decoder with slice convolutions. These slice convolutions can effectively extract and restore the long‐range spatial information for either down‐sampling or up‐sampling. Different from the previous shadow removal methods based on deep learning, we propose to inpaint shadow to handle the possible dark shadows to achieve a coarse shadow‐removal image at the first stage, and then further recover the details and enhance the color and texture details with a non‐local block to explore both local and global inter‐dependencies of pixels at the second stage. With such a two‐stage coarse‐to‐fine processing, the overall effect of shadow removal is greatly improved, and the effect of color retention in non‐shaded areas is significant. By comparing with a variety of mainstream shadow removal methods, we demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art methods.
High Dynamic Range Point Clouds for Real‐Time Relighting
Authors: Sabbadin Manuele , Palma Gianpaolo , Banterle Francesco , Boubekeur Tamy , Cignoni Paolo
Published: November 2019

Acquired 3D point clouds make possible quick modeling of virtual scenes from the real world. With modern 3D capture pipelines, each point sample often comes with additional attributes such as normal vector and color response. Although rendering and processing such data has been extensively studied, little attention has been devoted using the light transport hidden in the recorded per‐sample color response to relight virtual objects in visual effects (VFX) look‐dev or augmented reality (AR) scenarios. Typically, standard relighting environment exploits global environment maps together with a collection of local light probes to reflect the light mood of the real scene on the virtual object. We propose instead a unified spatial approximation of the radiance and visibility relationships present in the scene, in the form of a colored point cloud. To do so, our method relies on two core components: High Dynamic Range (HDR) expansion and real‐time Point‐Based Global Illumination (PBGI). First, since an acquired color point cloud typically comes in Low Dynamic Range (LDR) format, we boost it using a single HDR photo exemplar of the captured scene that can cover part of it. We perform this expansion efficiently by first expanding the dynamic range of a set of renderings of the point cloud and then projecting these renderings on the original cloud. At this stage, we propagate the expansion to the regions not covered by the renderings or with low‐quality dynamic range by solving a Poisson system. Then, at rendering time, we use the resulting HDR point cloud to relight virtual objects, providing a diffuse model of the indirect illumination propagated by the environment. To do so, we design a PBGI algorithm that exploits the GPU's geometry shader stage as well as a new mipmapping operator, tailored for G‐buffers, to achieve real‐time performances. As a result, our method can effectively relight virtual objects exhibiting diffuse and glossy physically‐based materials in real time. Furthermore, it accounts for the spatial embedding of the object within the 3D environment. We evaluate our approach on manufactured scenes to assess the error introduced at every step from the perfect ground truth. We also report experiments with real captured data, covering a range of capture technologies, from active scanning to multiview stereo reconstruction.
Deep Video‐Based Performance Synthesis from Sparse Multi‐View Capture
Authors: Chen Mingjia , Wang Changbo , Liu Ligang
Published: November 2019

We present a deep learning based technique that enables novel‐view videos of human performances to be synthesized from sparse multi‐view captures. While performance capturing from a sparse set of videos has received significant attention, there has been relatively less progress which is about non‐rigid objects (e.g., human bodies). The rich articulation modes of human body make it rather challenging to synthesize and interpolate the model well. To address this problem, we propose a novel deep learning based framework that directly predicts novel‐view videos of human performances without explicit 3D reconstruction. Our method is a composition of two steps: novel‐view prediction and detail enhancement. We first learn a novel deep generative query network for view prediction. We synthesize novel‐view performances from a sparse set of just five or less camera videos. Then, we use a new generative adversarial network to enhance fine‐scale details of the first step results. This opens up the possibility of high‐quality low‐cost video‐based performance synthesis, which is gaining popularity for VA and AR applications. We demonstrate a variety of promising results, where our method is able to synthesis more robust and accurate performances than existing state‐of‐the‐art approaches when only sparse views are available.
Appearance Flow Completion for Novel View Synthesis
Authors: Le Hoang , Liu Feng
Published: November 2019

Novel view synthesis from sparse and unstructured input views faces challenges like the difficulty with dense 3D reconstruction and large occlusion. This paper addresses these problems by estimating proper appearance flows from the target to input views to warp and blend the input views. Our method first estimates a sparse set 3D scene points using an off‐the‐shelf 3D reconstruction method and calculates sparse flows from the target to input views. Our method then performs appearance flow completion to estimate the dense flows from the corresponding sparse ones. Specifically, we design a deep fully convolutional neural network that takes sparse flows and input views as input and outputs the dense flows. Furthermore, we estimate the optical flows between input views as references to guide the estimation of dense flows between the target view and input views. Besides the dense flows, our network also estimates the masks to blend multiple warped inputs to render the target view. Experiments on the KITTI benchmark show that our method can generate high quality novel views from sparse and unstructured input views.
Selecting texture resolution using a task‐specific visibility metric
Authors: Wolski K. , Giunchi D. , Kinuwaki S. , Didyk P. , Myszkowski K. , Steed A. , Mantiuk R. K.
Published: November 2019

In real‐time rendering, the appearance of scenes is greatly affected by the quality and resolution of the textures used for image synthesis. At the same time, the size of textures determines the performance and the memory requirements of rendering. As a result, finding the optimal texture resolution is critical, but also a non‐trivial task since the visibility of texture imperfections depends on underlying geometry, illumination, interactions between several texture maps, and viewing positions. Ideally, we would like to automate the task with a visibility metric, which could predict the optimal texture resolution. To maximize the performance of such a metric, it should be trained on a given task. This, however, requires sufficient user data which is often difficult to obtain. To address this problem, we develop a procedure for training an image visibility metric for a specific task while reducing the effort required to collect new data. The procedure involves generating a large dataset using an existing visibility metric followed by refining that dataset with the help of an efficient perceptual experiment. Then, such a refined dataset is used to retune the metric. This way, we augment sparse perceptual data to a large number of per‐pixel annotated visibility maps which serve as the training data for application‐specific visibility metrics. While our approach is general and can be potentially applied for different image distortions, we demonstrate an application in a game‐engine where we optimize the resolution of various textures, such as albedo and normal maps.
Histologic analysis following grafting of damaged extraction sockets using deproteinized bovine or porcine bone mineral: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Koo Tae‐Hwan , Song Young Woo , Cha Jae‐Kook , Jung Ui‐Won , Kim Chang‐Sung , Lee Jung‐Seok
Published: November 2019

Objectives

This study histologically analyzed biopsy samples obtained from sites of damaged extraction socket grafting using deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) or deproteinized porcine bone mineral (DPBM) with coverage by a collagen membrane.

Material and methods

One hundred patients participated in this randomized controlled clinical trial of extraction socket grafts performed in cases of periodontally compromised teeth. All participants were blinded to their group allocations, and each material was grafted with coverage by collagen membranes after extraction of the tooth and removal of granulation tissue. At implant placement at 4 months, a biopsy was harvested at the implant site using a trephine was analyzed histologically.

Results

Eighty‐five biopsy samples were acquired, of which 81 were finally included in the histologic analysis (42 in DBBM and 39 in DPBM group). Both DBBM and DPBM groups showed comparable proportions of residual biomaterial (12.37 ± 5.67% and 12.21 ± 5.75%, respectively), newly formed bone (15.07 ± 10.52% and 18.47 ± 11.47%, respectively), and nonmineralized tissue (72.56 ± 10.07% and 71.55 ± 15.47%, respectively). There were no significant differences in these histologic parameters between the two groups with different biomaterials.

Conclusion

Comparable histologic bone formation was found in both socket grafted groups with DBBM or DPBM covered by collagen membranes in periodontally damaged extraction sockets. However, a wide variation in new bone formation was found after 4 months of postsurgical healing and a tendency of higher new bone formation was shown at damaged sockets that had an intact unilateral residual wall regardless of buccal or lingual side.
Better biodiversity accounting is needed to prevent bioperversity and maximize co‐benefits from savanna burning
Authors: Corey Ben , Andersen Alan N. , Legge Sarah , Woinarski John C. Z. , Radford Ian J. , Perry Justin J.
Published: November 2019

Strategies for mitigating climate change through altered land management practices can provide win–win outcomes for the environment and the economy. Emissions trading for greenhouse gas (GHG) abatement in Australia's remote, fire‐prone, and sparsely populated tropical savannas provides a financial incentive for intensive fire management that aims to reduce fire frequency, severity, and extent, and it supports important social, economic, and land management opportunities for remote communities, conservation agencies, and pastoralists. These programs now cover >20% of Australia's 1.9 million km2 tropical savanna biome, encompassing areas of globally significant biodiversity value. A common assertion is that by reducing the frequency, severity, and extent of fires for GHG abatement, these programs provide biodiversity co‐benefits. However, such biodiversity benefits have been assumed rather than demonstrated. Much better accounting of how biodiversity is responding to changed fire management is required to ensure that there are no unintended outcomes for biodiversity (bioperversity), and that biodiversity co‐benefits are maximized. Such accounting could underpin the earning of formal biodiversity credits from improved fire management, and will go a long way to understanding and improving the biodiversity outcomes of savanna fire management.
The relationship between special needs and dental trauma. A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Silveira Anna Luiza Nogueira de Miranda e Silva , Magno Marcela Baraúna , Soares Thais Rodrigues Campos
Published: November 2019

Background/Aims

Understanding the risk factors for dental injuries is essential to develop prevention strategies. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta‐analysis to determine whether people with special needs (SN) have a higher incidence of traumatic dental injury (TDI).

Materials and methods

Electronic searches were performed with no language or date restrictions in the following databases: PubMed, Lilacs, BBO, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Open Gray. According to the PECOS strategy, observational studies that investigated subjects with and without SN and its association with TDI episodes were included. Quality assessment and bias control were carried out according to Fowkes and Fulton guidelines. A meta‐analysis was performed by sub‐grouping studies according to the type of SN, with the odds ratio (OR) also being calculated (P ≤ .05). The evidence was quality tested using the GRADE approach.

Results

After titles and abstracts were examined, and full texts were read, 28 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis and 27 in the meta‐analysis. Three studies were classified with high methodological quality and the others had methodological problems. No associations were determined between TDI and autism spectrum disorder, epilepsy and mental disability (OR 1.12 [0.70, 1.78], OR 1.28 [0.13, 12.27] and OR 1.04 [0.20, 5.35], respectively, P > .05). A positive association (P < .05) was found between TDI and hyperactivity disorder, cerebral palsy, 21 trisomy, various conditions of SN and in pooled results (OR 2.67 [1.22, 5.87], OR 1.89 [1.06, 3.37], OR 6.18 [2.24, 17.05], OR 1.69 [1.18, 2.41], OR 1.61 [1.16; 2.22], respectively).The certainty of evidence ranged from very low to low.

Conclusions

In general, people with SN had a higher chance of having TDI with very low certainty of evidence. People with ADHD and cerebral palsy had a higher chance of TDI.
Osteosynthesis of segmental alveolar fractures by internal fixation and the prognosis of the fractures and teeth
Authors: Zhou Chan‐Chan , Xing Xin , Yang Yi , Qing Jia , Li Zhi
Published: November 2019

Background/Aims

Fracture of the alveolar process is a common injury, but the traditional splinting fixation may not be possible in some cases. The aim of this study was to describe the osteosynthesis performed in segmental alveolar fractures by internal fixation and evaluate the prognosis of the fractures and teeth involved.

Materials and methods

Twenty‐two patients who were identified as having segmental alveolar fractures treated with osteosynthesis by internal fixation at the authors' department from January 2007 to December 2016 were included with 90 traumatized teeth. The prognosis of the fractures and teeth involved in the fractures was evaluated by the post‐operative computed tomography combined with a follow‐up study.

Results

All patients achieved healing and consolidation of the alveolar fractures. Furthermore, the occlusion was restored and the wounds healed. During the surgical procedures, no observed iatrogenic dental damage caused by the interdental drilling was found. Eventually, only 15.6% of the teeth had pulp necrosis, whereas the other healing complications were rare or not observed in the study.

Conclusions

Osteosynthesis by internal fixation is an effective and safe treatment for some segmental alveolar fractures. The teeth involved in these fractures also have good prognosis.
Pseudomonas associated with Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, its insect vector and the host tree: A role in pine wilt disease?
Authors: Alves Marta Salgueiro , Pereira Anabela , Vicente Cláudia , Mota Manuel , Henriques Isabel
Published: November 2019

In this study, we characterized the diversity of Pseudomonas associated with Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, its insect vector (Monochamus galloprovincialis) and its host (Pinus pinaster), by a culture‐independent approach using rpoD clone libraries. Clone libraries of Pseudomonas rpoD were obtained from B. xylophilus, M. galloprovincialis and infected P. pinaster. Most M. galloprovincialis and B. xylophilus sequences grouped together in the P. fluorescens group. Genes related to xenobiotics degradation and phenylacetate synthesis were present in the genomes of the type strains closely related to sequences retrieved from the nematode libraries. Results demonstrated that the nematode, during its life stages inside the tree, maintains a diverse Pseudomonas community that is closely related to the one associated with the insect vector. These bacteria might contribute to degradation of xenobiotics and tree weakening during the nematode tree infection.
Sleep disturbances in youth at‐risk for serious mental illness
Authors: Stowkowy Jacqueline , Brummitt Kali , Bonneville Dominique , Goldstein Benjamin I. , Wang JianLi , Kennedy Sidney H. , Bray Signe , Lebel Catherine , MacQueen Glenda , Addington Jean
Published: November 2019

Aim

To investigate sleep behaviours of youth at‐risk for serious mental illness (SMI).

Methods

This study included 243 youth, ages 12 to 25:42 healthy controls, 41 asymptomatic youth at‐risk for mental illness (stage 0); 53 help‐seeking youth experiencing distress (stage 1a) and 107 youth with attenuated syndromes (stage 1b). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used to assess sleep dysfunction.

Results

Stage 1b individuals indicated the greatest deficit in global sleep dysfunction (F = 26.18, P < .0001). Stages 1a and 1b reported significantly worse subjective sleep quality, a longer sleep latency, increased use of sleep medications as well as greater daytime dysfunction compared to the asymptomatic groups.

Conclusion

Research investigating sleep behaviours of youth considered to be at‐risk for SMI is limited. This study provides early evidence that sleep disturbances are worse for individuals considered to be at higher risk of illness development.
A questionnaire study of parasite control in Thoroughbred and Standardbred horses in Australia
Authors: Wilkes Edwina J. A. , Heller Jane , Raidal Sharanne L. , Woodgate Robert G. , Hughes Kristopher J.
Published: November 2019

Background

Information regarding parasite control practices currently used on Thoroughbred and Standardbred studs in Australia is lacking. Anthelmintic resistance (AR) is a global problem which has implications for equine health and welfare.

Objectives

To identify parasite control practices currently used on horse studs in Australia and investigate the frequency of use of management factors that have been associated with the likelihood of promoting or delaying AR.

Study design

Questionnaire study of equine parasite control on Thoroughbred and Standardbred studs in Australia.

Methods

An online questionnaire was emailed to 300 studs in Australia. Information obtained included property details, grazing management, anthelmintic use, non‐chemotherapeutic parasite control practices, use of faecal egg counts (FECs) and perceptions of AR.

Results

Seventy‐five completed questionnaires were received (25% response rate). Macrocyclic lactones (MLs) were the most commonly administered anthelmintics in mares and foals and less than 5% of respondents used targeted treatment regimens. The implementation of pasture hygiene practices was variable. The majority of respondents (97%) considered AR to be important; however, few respondents were aware of the use of FEC reduction tests for monitoring of drug efficacy.

Main limitations

The potential for nonresponse bias was the main limitation of this study.

Conclusions

Parasite control strategies on Australian stud farms remain over‐reliant on anthelmintic use. The frequent use of MLs is of concern for the increased selection pressure for AR. There is a lack of awareness of the importance of non‐chemotherapeutic strategies in integrated approaches to parasite control aimed at delaying the development of AR. This study highlights the need for greater veterinary involvement in the implementation of more sustainable parasite control practices with greater emphasis placed on surveillance through FEC testing.
Diagnosis of Parkinson's disease from electroencephalography signals using linear and self‐similarity features
Authors: Bhurane Ankit A. , Dhok Shivani , Sharma Manish , Yuvaraj Rajamanickam , Murugappan Murugappan , Acharya U. Rajendra
Published: November 2019

An early stage detection of Parkinson's disease (PD) is crucial for its appropriate treatment. The quality of life degrades with the advancement of the disease. In this paper, we propose a natural (time) domain technique for the diagnosis of PD. The proposed technique eliminates the need for transformation of the signal to other domains by extracting the feature of electroencephalography signals in the time domain. We hypothesize that two inter‐channel similarity features, correlation coefficients and linear predictive coefficients, are able to detect the PD signals automatically using support vector machines classifier with third degree polynomial kernel. A progressive feature addition analysis is employed using selected features obtained based on the feature ranking and principal component analysis techniques. The proposed approach is able to achieve a maximum accuracy of 99.1±0.1%. The presented computer‐aided diagnosis system can act as an assistive tool to confirm the finding of PD by the clinicians.
Electronic monitoring in fisheries: Lessons from global experiences and future opportunities
Authors: van Helmond Aloysius T.M. , Mortensen Lars O. , Plet‐Hansen Kristian S. , Ulrich Clara , Needle Coby L. , Oesterwind Daniel , Kindt‐Larsen Lotte , Catchpole Thomas , Mangi Stephen , Zimmermann Christopher , Olesen Hans Jakob , Bailey Nick , Bergsson Heidrikur , Dalskov Jørgen , Elson Jon , Hosken Malo , Peterson Lisa , McElderry Howard , Ruiz Jon , Pierre Johanna P. , Dykstra Claude , Poos Jan Jaap
Published: November 2019

Since the beginning of the 21st century, electronic monitoring (EM) has emerged as a cost‐efficient supplement to existing catch monitoring programmes in fisheries. An EM system consists of various activity sensors and cameras positioned on vessels to remotely record fishing activity and catches. The first objective of this review was to describe the state of play of EM in fisheries worldwide and to present the insights gained on this technology based on 100 EM trials and 12 fully implemented programmes. Despite its advantages, and its global use for monitoring, progresses in implementation in some important fishing regions are slow. Within this context, the second objective was to discuss more specifically the European experiences gained through 16 trials. Findings show that the three major benefits of EM were as follows: (a) cost‐efficiency, (b) the potential to provide more representative coverage of the fleet than any observer programme and (c) the enhanced registration of fishing activity and location. Electronic monitoring can incentivize better compliance and discard reduction, but the fishing managers and industry are often reluctant to its uptake. Improved understanding of the fisher's concerns, for example intrusion of privacy, liability and costs, and better exploration of EM benefits, for example increased traceability, sustainability claims and market access, may enhance implementation on a larger scale. In conclusion, EM as a monitoring tool embodies various solid strengths that are not diminished by its weaknesses. Electronic monitoring has the opportunity to be a powerful tool in the future monitoring of fisheries, particularly when integrated within existing monitoring programmes.
Urban human activity density spatiotemporal variations and the relationship with geographical factors: An exploratory Baidu heatmaps‐based analysis of Wuhan, China
Authors: Zhang Zuo , Xiao Yangxiong , Luo Xiang , Zhou Min
Published: November 2019

With the development and popularity of mobile Internet technology, data sources of human activity in urban centers are rapidly updated and play an important role in supporting urban planning and management. Therefore, it is critical to integrate different data sources and detect spatially implicit information in the spatial pattern of relationships between urban human activity and related geographical factors. A new analytical framework is first proposed to integrate multisource location‐based big data and use these data to analyze dynamic real‐time human activity density (HAD). Taking Wuhan, the largest city in central China as an example, using the Baidu’s thermal data, this paper analyzes spatiotemporal characteristics of HAD distributions at different points on weekends and weekdays, and further combines the relevant cities’ points of interest data to analyze the correlations between different spatial elements and HAD distributions. The results show that: (a) Using a new indicator and data processing method can simply achieve effective utilization of Baidu’s thermal data; (b) Combined with standardized grids, spatial density estimation can match the two different data sources in this study; (c) The greater the HAD, the greater is the elasticity of change, and in the active population area, the densities of human activity on weekends and weekdays at different times have significant differences; and (d) Different geographically weighted regression models effectively distinguish the influence of different urban elements on weekdays and weekends. In particular, the impact patterns of the workplace, education, and cityscape reflect the unique spatial patterns of research cases. These findings, as well as visual analytics, help in the understanding of the potential value of Baidu heatmaps in urban study and provide support for more scientific and accurate urban planning and space management for the better consideration of real‐time changes in human activity.
Grover disease: review of subtypes with a focus on management options
Authors: Aldana Paola C. , Khachemoune Amor
Published: November 2019

Grover disease (GD) is a benign eruption that causes a papulovesicular rash on the trunk and proximal extremities. It often resolves spontaneously but can follow a more chronic and fluctuating course that may last several years. Although the etiology remains unknown, several associated triggers have been identified including heat and sweating, cool and dry air, renal failure, malignancy, and the initiation of several drugs. Since the disease tends to resolve on its own, management is aimed at disease prevention and symptomatic relief. First‐line therapy includes topical steroids and vitamin D analogues with adjuvant antihistamines. In more severe cases that are refractory to less aggressive therapy, systemic corticosteroids, retinoids, and phototherapy may lead to successful resolution. Novel therapies are few and have little evidence but involve innovative use of light therapy and immune modulators. Herein, we review the literature and new trends of GD with a focus on established and novel treatments.
Which endotracheal tube location minimises the device‐related pressure ulcer risk: The centre or a corner of the mouth?
Authors: Amrani Golan , Gefen Amit
Published: November 2019

The use of an endotracheal tube (ETT), which is required for any mechanical ventilation procedure, involves an inherent risk for facial skin, lip, and mucosal pressure ulcers. The ETT is one of the most common devices associated with medical device‐related pressure ulcers (MDRPUs) among surgical and intensive care unit patients. In the present work, we investigated, for the first time in the literature, the biomechanical effects of the presence and positioning of an ETT in the mouth on lip, mucosal and surrounding facial skin loads. Using two anatomically realistic finite element model variants, two ETT locations were simulated and compared, at the centre versus the corner of the mouth. Our study shows that a central location of the ETT inflicted greater lip and mucosal stress values, but a corner location caused a more widespread and diffused lip, mucosal and facial skin stress exposure. Accordingly, we cannot recommend a “safer” location for ETTs in the mouth; additional preventative measures such as dedicated dressing materials or special cushioning pads applied prophylactically, should be developed to protect from MDRPUs associated with ETT usage. The present modelling framework can be used to study the biomechanical efficacy of such protective technologies, and can therefore aid in the prevention of ETT‐caused MDRPUs.
Segregation and properties at curved vs straight (000) inversion boundaries in piezotronic ZnO bicrystals
Authors: Trapp Maximilian , Keil Peter , Frömling Till , Rödel Jürgen , Kleebe Hans‐Joachim
Published: November 2019

TEM and SEM investigations of ZnO bicrystal interfaces were undertaken with an aim to study the correlation of local grain‐boundary structure, segregation, and electrical transport perpendicular to the interface. To this end, varistor‐like ZnO bicrystals with piezotronic characteristics were chosen with (000)║(000) tail‐to‐tail orientation with respect to the c‐axis. In order to contrast different local grain‐boundary structures with different coherency and segregation of bismuth, but identical macroscopic polarization state, two complementary processing techniques were applied. A diffusion‐bonded bicrystal with an intermediate thin film containing Zn–Bi–Co–O provided a straight interface as reference. In contrast, a ZnO bicrystal prepared by epitaxial solid‐state transformation was manufactured by bonding two ZnO single crystals with a 100 µm thick polycrystalline ZnO varistor material with a typical dopant composition including bismuth and cobalt. This structure was annealed to the point that a bicrystal was formed with the varistor concentration at the boundary, which was strongly curved due to the polycrystalline microstructure still providing a shadow image at the interface. The results highlight a distinct correlation between local interfacial morphology, degree of segregation of bismuth, and degree of nonlinearity of the electrical transport across the interface.
Pacing induced cardiomyopathy
Authors: Merchant Faisal M. , Mittal Suneet
Published: November 2019

Pacing induced cardiomyopathy (PICM) is most commonly defined as a drop in left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) in the setting of chronic, high burden right ventricle (RV) pacing. Recent data suggest, however, that some individuals may experience the onset of heart failure symptoms more acutely after pacemaker implantation. Definitions of PICM which emphasize drop in LVEF may underestimate the incidence of deleterious effects from RV pacing. Treatment of PICM has primarily focused on upgrade to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) when LVEF has dropped. However, emerging data suggest that conduction system pacing (CSP) may offer an opportunity to prevent PICM in the first place.
Comparison of mortality and viral load in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) infected with infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) genogroups 1 and 5
Authors: Tapia David , Barría Agustín , Kuznar Juan , Yáñez José M.
Published: November 2019

Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) is the aetiological agent of a highly contagious disease that affects farmed salmonids. IPNV isolates have been phylogenetically classified into eight genogroups, of which two are present in Chile, genogroups 1 and 5. Here, we compare the mortality rate caused by isolates from both genogroups in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry to determine if there is an association between host susceptibility and phylogenetic characterization of IPNV. Fish were challenged by immersion with one of four isolates (two for each genogroup), and mortality curves were assessed after 30 days. Viral load was measured in all mortalities and in live fish sampled at 1, 7 and 20 days post‐infection. Although mortality was low throughout the challenge, differences were found between fish infected with different isolates. Both isolates from genogroup 1 caused greater cumulative mortalities than either of the isolates from genogroup 5. When combined, the overall mortality rate of fish challenged with genogroup 1 isolates was significantly higher than those infected with genogroup 5. However, viral load was lower on trout infected with genogroup 1 isolates. These results suggest that rainbow trout are more susceptible to IPNV isolates from genogroup 1 than genogroup 5.
Potential of myricetin to restore the immune balance in dextran sulfate sodium-induced acute murine ulcerative colitis
Authors: Qu Xinyan , Li Qingjun , Song Yue , Xue Anqi , Liu Yuhua , Qi Dongmei , Dong Hongjing
Published: November 2019

Objectives

Myricetin is a bioactive compound in many edible plants with anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic activity. The current study aimed to determine the protective effects and mechanism of myricetin against ulcerative colitis (UC).

Methods

Myricetin was orally administered at doses of 40 and 80 mg/kg to C57BL/6 mice with UC induced using dextran sulfate sodium. The disease-associated index and colon length were determined at the end of the experiment, the proportion of Treg, Th1 and Th17 was analysed by cytometry, and cytokines were detected using ELISA.

Key findings

Myricetin (80 mg/kg) ameliorated the severity of inflammation in acute UC and significantly improved the condition. Myricetin (80 mg/kg) elevated the levels of IL-10 and transforming growth factor β. In addition, the proportion of regulatory T cells significantly increased in mice in the myricetin treatment group.

Conclusions

Taking together, these results suggest that myricetin exhibits significant protective effects against UC and it could be used as a potential treatment for UC.
A simulation‐based optimization model for infrastructure planning for electric autonomous vehicle sharing
Authors: Zhao Dongfang , Li Xiaopeng , Cui Jianxun
Published: November 2019

New transportation technologies (e.g., electric autonomous vehicles [EAVs]) and operation paradigms (e.g., car sharing) are discussed, researched, and to a small degree also deployed in recent years in response to rising energy crises and aggravating traffic congestions. In this research, we present a station‐based car‐sharing service system that integrates both EAV technologies and car‐sharing operations. Based on the simulation model, a dynamic and time‐continuous optimization model seeking a near‐optimum design of charging station location and EAV deployment is developed. By discretizing the model, we proposed a Monte Carlo simulation model to evaluate the total system cost for a given location and vehicle deployment design. A heuristic approach based on the genetic algorithm is developed to solve the system design of station location and vehicle deployment. A numerical test in Yantai City, China, is conducted to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed model and to draw managerial insights into how the key parameters affect the system design.
A Mystic Conception of History: Negative Political Theology in Jacob Taubes
Authors: Kavka Martin
Published: November 2019

This article offers an account of the political theology of the German‐Jewish philosopher Jacob Taubes (1923–87), whose thinking has been described as a negative political theology. This article makes an intervention into how to read Taubes well. By proposing that the most generative essay for understanding Taubes’s thought is the 1955 essay “On The Symbolic Order of Modern Democracy,” it shows both how and why one might read Taubes (with assistance from Judith Butler) as offering a negative political theology in a non‐theocentric key.
Genome‐wide analysis of small RNAs from Odontoglossum ringspot virus and Cymbidium mosaic virus synergistically infecting Phalaenopsis
Authors: Pai Hsuan , Jean Wen‐Han , Lee Yun‐Shien , Chang Yao‐Chien Alex , Lin Na‐Sheng
Published: November 2019

Cymbidium mosaic virus (CymMV) and Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV) are the two most prevalent viruses infecting orchids and causing economic losses worldwide. Mixed infection of CymMV and ORSV could induce intensified symptoms as early at 10 days post‐inoculation in inoculated Phalaenopsis amabilis, where CymMV pathogenesis was unilaterally enhanced by ORSV. To reveal the antiviral RNA silencing activity in orchids, we characterized the viral small‐interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs) from CymMV and ORSV singly or synergistically infecting P. amabilis. We also temporally classified the inoculated leaf‐tip tissues and noninoculated adjacent tissues as late and early stages of infection, respectively. Regardless of early or late stage with single or double infection, CymMV and ORSV vsiRNAs were predominant in 21‐ and 22‐nt sizes, with excess positive polarity and under‐represented 5ʹ‐guanine. While CymMV vsiRNAs mainly derived from RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase‐coding regions, ORSV vsiRNAs encompassed the coat protein gene and 3ʹ‐untranslated region, with a specific hotspot residing in the 3ʹ‐terminal pseudoknot. With double infection, CymMV vsiRNAs increased more than 5‐fold in number with increasing virus titres. Most vsiRNA features remained unchanged with double inoculation, but additional ORSV vsiRNA hotspot peaks were prominent. The potential vsiRNA‐mediated regulation of the novel targets in double‐infected tissues thereby provides a different view of CymMV and ORSV synergism. Hence, temporally profiled vsiRNAs from taxonomically distinct CymMV and ORSV illustrate active antiviral RNA silencing in their natural host, Phalaenopsis, during both early and late stages of infection. Our findings provide insights into offence–defence interactions among CymMV, ORSV and orchids.
Co‐workers working from home and individual and team performance
Authors: van der Lippe Tanja , Lippényi Zoltán
Published: November 2019

The number of firms supporting work from home has risen dramatically as advances in communication technology have fundamentally transformed the way humans cooperate. A growing literature addresses working from home, but focuses only on individual workers, overlooking potential influence of co‐worker engagement. Our aim is to study the influence of co‐workers working from home on individual and team performance. We use unique data from a large‐scale survey involving nine European countries, 259 establishments, 869 teams and 11,011 employees to show that the impact of working from home by co‐workers on performance is considerable and has remained hidden in past studies because they did not account for co‐worker effects. While working from home may be useful for some workers, it does bring issues for them as well. Specifically, we demonstrate that co‐workers working from home negatively impact employee performance. Moreover, team performance is worse when more co‐workers are working from home.
Unions, social media and young workers—evidence from the UK
Authors: Hodder Andy , Houghton David J.
Published: November 2019

This paper explores the way in which the youth sections of three British unions use social media. We contribute to both the literature on unions and young workers, and union engagement with social media by providing the first systematic examinations of union youth sections' social media usage in terms of method, scope and content. The paper examines differences in Twitter usage between the youth sections of GMB, PCS and Unite over a two‐year period from June 1, 2014, to May 31, 2016. The paper considers the extent to which these union accounts fully utilise the interactive capabilities of social media, and whether the content of messages is specifically targeted towards young workers. We find similarities between the three accounts in terms of message content and focus and that the youth sections of unions are more involved with the interactive capabilities of Web 2.0 than the existing literature suggests.
A scoping review on economic globalization in relation to the obesity epidemic
Authors: An Ruopeng , Shen Jing , Bullard Tiffany , Han Yu , Qiu Dingyi , Wang Shiman
Published: November 2019

This study reviewed evidence linking economic globalization to the obesity epidemic. Keyword/reference search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, EconLit, Google Scholar, and BMC Globalization and Health. A total of 16 studies were identified, in which six adopted a cross‐sectional study design, nine adopted a longitudinal study design, and the remaining one adopted a case‐control study design. Thirteen studies assessed the relationship between economic globalization and obesity at the country level, whereas the remaining three analyzed individual‐level data. Fourteen studies found at least one aspect and/or measure of economic globalization to be positively associated with overweight/obesity, one found an inverse association, and the remaining one reported a null finding. Through market deregulation, tariff reduction, and investment liberalization, economic globalization tends to accelerate the market entry of modern food manufacturers, supermarket chains, and fast‐food restaurants, resulting in substantially increased supply of high‐sugar/fat energy‐dense foods with enhanced variety and accessibility and reduced price. The potential impact of economic globalization on obesity through the adoption of modern workplace and domestic technologies and motorized transportation and through changes in social norms and culture were hypothesized in the literature but not empirically examined, which warrants future data‐driven research.
Episodic angioedema with eosinophilia (Gleich syndrome) in children: A clinical review
Authors: Bertrand Valérie , Boccara Olivia , Filhon Bruno , Manca Florian , Lefèvre Guillaume , Groh Matthieu , Kahn Jean‐Emmanuel
Published: November 2019

Background

Episodic angioedema with eosinophilia (EAE, Gleich syndrome) is a rare disease, consisting of recurrent angioedema with hypereosinophilia and frequent increased serum immunoglobulin M levels. Less than 100 patients have been reported, mainly adults, sometimes with underlying lymphocytic variant of hypereosinophilic syndrome (HESL). The aim of this study was to identify and describe pediatric cases.

Methods

We performed a retrospective study of all pediatric cases of EAE referred within the French National Referral Center for Hypereosinophilic Syndrome (CEREO). Next, the PRISMA guidelines were applied in order to perform a systematic review (data sources: PubMed, Web of Science).

Results

Among the two reported and 15 previously published cases of EAE occurring in children, the main clinical findings mimicked those of adults, including recurrent angioedema, hives, and weight gain. The median time between the first angioedema flare and the diagnosis of EAE was 5 years in published cases. Hypereosinophilia was constant, usually worsening with each attack, but seldom disappeared between flares. Total IgM serum levels were elevated in 16 patients. Four children had evidence of abnormal CD3‐CD4+ T cells. First‐line therapy relied on oral corticosteroids in all patients, and further lines (used in five patients) included interferon‐α, methotrexate, and cyclosporin. Two children developed eosinophilic myocarditis during follow‐up.

Conclusion

Pediatricians should be aware that EAE is a diagnosis to consider in children. T‐cell immunophenotyping is warranted in this setting. Prognosis seems fair, yet eosinophil‐related organ damage may occur in patients with persistent eosinophilia.
The Effect of Communication Media on Information Sharing in Supply Chains
Authors: Johnsen Lennart C. , Voigt Guido , Weimann Joachim
Published: November 2019

Using laboratory experiments, we study how communication media affect cooperation in a supply chain when the buyer has private information about the end‐customer demand. We show that coordinating contracts (quantity discount) combined with efficient means to electronically share private information (one‐way, pre‐defined text message) result in almost efficient outcomes, but only if verbal communication takes place before the actual contracting stage. Content analysis shows that verbal communication is especially effective in establishing trust and trustworthiness when players talk about reciprocal strategies and it is more so when the buyer clearly expresses guilt from lying. Furthermore, the clarification of the mutual benefits of information sharing moves the buyer to truthfulness. Finally, we show that our results are not due to a reputation building mechanism of repeated interaction.
A review of stroke in pregnancy: incidence, investigations and management
Authors: Khalid Azriny S , Hadbavna Adriana , Williams David , Byrne Bridgette
Published: November 2019

Key content

The incidence of stroke in young and middle‐aged adults is increasing, with pregnancy‐related strokes occurring in 30 in 100 000 pregnancies; strokes are three times more common among pregnant than among nonpregnant individuals aged 15–44 years.

The investigation and management of stroke is changing because of the time‐sensitive benefits of thrombolysis and thrombectomy in the acute management of ischaemic stroke.

The approach to clinical assessment and investigation of a pregnant woman presenting with suspected stroke is not different from that of a nonpregnant patient: timely brain imaging and intervention is important to optimise long‐term outcome, and further investigations should be directed towards determining the aetiology and risk factors of stroke.

The ‘time is brain’ approach to treatment is imperative: thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator administered within 4.5 hours of stroke onset significantly improves overall outcome.

Mechanical thrombectomy is appropriate in only 10% of patients with acute ischaemic stroke, but has been shown to improve outcome if performed within 6 hours of onset and can be performed up to 24 hours in highly selected cases.

Trials have largely excluded pregnant women, although thrombolysis can be performed to treat moderate to severe stroke in pregnancy if the benefits outweigh the risk of uterine bleeding.

As recurrent strokes occur in 25–30% of cases, identification of risk factors for stroke in a young woman is important as this will direct the approach to secondary prevention and management in future pregnancies.

Learning objectives

To understand the clinical presentation, aetiology and differential diagnosis of stroke in pregnancy.

To know the current recommendations for investigation and management of acute stroke and how they apply to pregnancy.

To understand the secondary prevention of stroke and the safety of these strategies in pregnancy.

To recognise of the importance of multidisciplinary input in the management of pregnancy and delivery in women with stroke.

Ethical issues

There have been no published trials in pregnant women.

How should the maternal and fetal risks be balanced while investigating and treating acute stroke?