bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evolution of Resistance in Potamopyrgus antipodarum
Authors: Joachim Peyton J.
Published: February 2019

Host-parasite interactions are believed to exert strong selection in natural communities. Most notably, parasites should select for increased resistance in hosts, while hosts should select for increased infectivity in parasites (Koskella & Lively, 2007; Koskella, Vergara, & Lively, 2011; Lohse, Guiterrez, & Kaltz, 2006). Under this coevolutionary process, can host populations evolve resistance to their rapidly evolving parasite populations? This experiment was designed to determine if hosts rapidly adapt to resist parasites that are themselves under selection to infect their hosts. The New Zealand freshwater snail, Potamopyrgus antipodarum, is naturally infected by the trematode Microphallus. Microphallus is a castrating parasite and is thus likely to impose strong selection on its snail host (Hechinger, 2012). Snails and parasites were collected from a natural lake in summer 2013. These hosts constitute the parental generation of the experiment: they were either exposed to parasite eggs (Exposed) or not exposed (Control). Parental snails matured and reproduced over the course of a year. Their offspring were then exposed to parasites collected from the same lake in summer 2014. These parasites would have had one to a few additional generations of evolution relative to 2013 parasites. After parasite development (~3 months), the offspring were dissected to determine infection status and thereby their resistance to infection. The offspring of Control parents had a significantly higher mean infection rate (35%: less resistant) than the offspring of Exposed parents (30%: more resistant). This result indicates that increased resistance to parasitism evolved in a single host generation. Our finding provides evidence that a host population can rapidly evolve resistance to a parasite population that is itself rapidly co-evolving to infect its host. We predict that the evolution of host resistance would be far greater after multiple generations of parasite selection, and this could be the subject of future study.
Abiotic Changes Within a Reservoir After a Complete Drawdown: A Case Study of Lake Griffy
Authors: Welage Gregory P.
Published: February 2019

Aquatic ecosystems are created and dictated by their physical and chemical environment; when catastrophic events cause an ecosystem shift, such as the draining and refilling of a reservoir, the composition and quality of the ecosystem state can change based on the new physical and chemical environment. This research project examines the physical and chemical limnological changes in Griffy Lake, Bloomington, IN, after the complete drawdown of water for the purpose of dam reconstruction. After two years of sediment oxidation and terrestrial plant growth, the reservoir naturally refilled. The study summarizes recovery results from data collected on a monthly basis. The results focus on the variables of temperature, dissolved oxygen, alkalinity, pH, specific conductance, and nutrient concentrations. After analysis of the data, this project will allow for better understanding of the effects of complete drawdowns on abiotic variables. The work presented is part of a larger project that will examine how aquatic ecosystems recover and ecosystem states may shift within reservoirs after complete drawdowns. With more than 75,000 dams across the United States, many of which are approaching the end of their life spans, in the near future it is important to understand how such events affect the quality of the water, in addition to aquatic ecosystems.
Construction of Generalized Integral Formulas by Means of Laplace Transformations
Authors: Buss Adam C
Published: February 2019

We present a method for the construction of integral identities that contain an undetermined function. Except for mild restrictions, this function can be chosen arbitrarily. Our method is illustrated by several examples leading to new integral identities.
Propaganda and Artificial Glory
Authors: Morrow Joshua A
Published: February 2019

This project involves the analysis of both primary and secondary sources to investigate what caused men from three towns in Indiana to volunteer to fight in the Spanish-American War, a conflict that they had no personal reason to join. The predominantly-used primary sources were newspapers from the three towns in Indiana and speeches by politicians. These three towns were selected after careful analysis of demographic information including population and number of volunteers in the Spanish-American War from every major city in the state. To further expand on these ideas, political leanings and occupations were taken into account. Upon completing this study, it was discovered that both the rhetoric of pro-imperial politicians, the propaganda that filled the newspapers of the time, and the creation of the concept of glory and the valor that could be won through combat had an effect on the men’s decision to register for a conflict in which the soldiers had no personal stake.
Learning About Letters Through Handwriting Practice
Authors: Zemlock Deborah Y
Published: February 2019

The influence of visual-motor experiences with written symbols on pre-reading abilities, such as letter knowledge, have been shown to be facilitatory in both correlational studies on very young children and in experimental studies on older children.  However, it is not known whether any fine-motor practice will create this benefit, whether it is specific to writing letters, or whether certain ages would benefit most from handwriting practice. Here, we hypothesized that immature fine-motor skill that produces variable forms may be crucial to the beneficial effects of handwriting training – predicting the younger children would benefit more from the training than older children. Preschool-aged children, ages three to five years, were divided into two experimental groups (letter-writing, digit-writing) in a 2x2x2 design: TIME (pre, post), AGE (younger, older), and CONDITION (letter-writing, digit-writing). Each group received six weeks of training. The letter-writing and digit-writing groups practiced writing letters (A-Z) or single digits (0-9), respectively, four times per week. Before and after the training period, each group received assessments targeting letter knowledge directly. We predicted that the younger age group, compared to the older age group, in the letter-writing condition would score significantly higher on the letter knowledge tasks at post-test than at pre-test and that this effect would not occur in the digit-writing group. Results demonstrated that the younger children did show a significantly greater improvement in letter recognition skills than the older age group, but this effect held for both the letter-and digit- writing groups.  These results suggest, therefore, that any fine-motor practice at a young age can facilitate letter knowledge.
On the Edge of a New Perception: The Art of Moran and Watkins
Authors: Ehrmann Lauren Elizabeth
Published: February 2019

This essay examines the ways in which views about documentation and representation were shifting in mid-nineteenth-century America, using Thomas Moran’s The Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone (1872) and Carleton Watkins’s Grizzly Giant (1861) as case studies. The work of Moran and Watkins demonstrates an interest in utilizing and uniting concepts of the sublime and the scientific with economic concerns. The goal of the paper is to demonstrate that the advent of photography caused landscape artists and photographers to reexamine the ways in which they chose to portray landscapes, specifically the landscapes of the American West.
The Chilean Winter: A Student Revolution
Authors: Pickett Samuel Harris
Published: February 2019

The 2011 Chilean Winter was a student movement that fought to end the rampant inequality found in the nation’s neoliberal education policies, which found their origins in the reforms enacted during the 1980s by Chilean dictator General Augusto Pinochet. In response to the nation’s economic crisis, he attempted to cut government spending by decentralizing and privatizing the education system. The results were largely unfavorable; Chilean education came to be known for its socioeconomic stratification, unequal schools, and its exorbitantly expensive universities. Despite the undoubtedly negative outcome of Pinochet’s policies, they remained relatively untouched until student movements in 2006 and 2011 began to challenge them. Although almost all of the issues that the 2011 Chilean Winter addressed were the result of Pinochet’s policies, it would be incorrect to claim that the students were protesting his reforms. Instead, the movement was a reaction to the failure of the nation’s post-dictatorship governments, the Concertación coalition and right-centrist presidency of Sebastián Piñera, to restructure Chile’s neoliberal education system despite its numerous problems. This work aims to disprove the erroneous view of many newspapers and academic journals that the student movement was caused directly by Pinochet’s policies. In other words, I wish to separate protest against the legacy of the Pinochet reforms—that is the current system—from protest against the reforms themselves. The work will be divided into two main sections. The first section will focus on demonstrating the lasting impact of Pinochet’s education programs, with a particular emphasis on statistical studies performed by other researchers. The second section will be devoted to analyzing the roots of the 2011 student movement. This part of the investigation will focus on rhetoric from the students themselves, especially movement leader Camila Vallejo.
Sexual Dimorphism in the Gut Microbiome
Authors: Ren Clarissa , Sylvia Kristyn
Published: February 2019

The gut microbiome has received increasing interest in past years due to its link to many diseases and its potential in therapy. One often-overlooked and newer area of research is the sexual dimorphism in the gut microbiome, and how it relates to the sex differences in behavior, diseases, and the underlying makeup between that of males and females. Reviewing the literature has demonstrated that in several organisms, adult males and females do naturally have different compositions of gut microbes. Differences between the sexes in gut microbiome have also been correlated with differences between the sexes in social behavior and various disorders. A thorough understanding of sexual dimorphism in the gut microbiome is crucial to designing better studies, understanding the mechanism of the diseases and behaviors tied to the sexual dimorphism in the microbiome, and fine-tuning more precise treatments that account for the sex of the individual.
Generation of Time-Independent and Time-Dependent Harmonic Oscillator-Like Potentials Using Supersymmetric Quantum Mechanics
Authors: Huber Timothy Brian
Published: February 2019

The harmonic oscillator is a quantum mechanical system that represents one of the most basic potentials. In order to understand the behavior of a particle within this system, the time-independent Schrödinger equation was solved; in other words, its eigenfunctions and eigenvalues were found. The first goal of this study was to construct a family of single parameter potentials and corresponding eigenfunctions with a spectrum similar to that of the harmonic oscillator. This task was achieved by means of supersymmetric quantum mechanics, which utilizes an intertwining operator that relates a known Hamiltonian with another whose potential is to be built. Secondly, a generalization of the technique was used to work with the time-dependent Schrödinger equation to construct new potentials and corresponding solutions.
Increasing Awareness of Substance Abuse and Addictions: Does Early Childhood Drug Education Provide Diversion from Using Drugs and/or Alcohol?
Authors: Bailey Megan Linnea , Wasson Shelby , Roberts Brilynn
Published: February 2019

According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, 70 percent of adolescents have experimented with alcohol, while 20 percent have experimented with prescription drugs before their senior year in high school. Alcohol and drug abuse has become a nationwide problem. A small rural community in southern Indiana reports that almost 12 percent of its population uses drugs daily. The authors hypothesize that current school-based alcohol and drug curriculums are not robust enough to divert risky behavior during adolescence. Surveys were administered to residents living in two separate transitional homes for people with addiction. The surveys consisted of questions regarding drug and alcohol abuse related to childhood education. The process was completed using a descriptive study. Participants in the study (n = 17) revealed valuable information confirming their rationales for substance abuse. Overwhelmingly, all participants agreed that drug education needs to be available in early childhood education. As substance abuse escalates, so must our efforts to research and understand the problem. The examination of current adolescent drug and alcohol prevention programs isessential to help promote program evaluation and in identifying potential education needs for our youth.
Methodology for Assessing the Consumption of Tourism Services in Regional Markets
Authors: CHUMAKOVA Olga V.
Published: February 2019

The paper presents aspects of regulation of consumption of tourist services in regional markets. In General, the differences in understanding the essence of the domestic market in Russia and the EU are shown. For each structure, the regional market is primarily an opportunity to attract additional funding and provide opportunities for business development. The authors actualize the conceptual apparatus of institutional development and demand for tourism services. The subject of the study is the formation of economic and marketing formation of consumption of domestic tourism product. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time in domestic science analyzed the possible demand for domestic tourism product, which is identified with foreign territories and provided by the development of appropriate infrastructure and a set of specific indicators that can ensure the further development of not only domestic tourism, but also its improvement to the international level. The further direction of research can be considered the development of spatial relations and the formation of the principles of public-private partnership, when each of the participants in public relations creates opportunities for institutional development of the territories themselves and the gradual allocation of tourism-oriented regional economic complexes. The possibilities of international cooperation of the country's regions are proposed
Halal Tourism Destination Development Model
Authors: RUSLI Meizar , FIRMANSYAH Riza , MBULU Yustisia Pasfatima
Published: February 2019

The development of halal tourism needs an advancement, considering its vast market potential in Indonesia in the midst of readiness issues. The purpose of this study was to analyze the psychological orientation: perceptions, motivations, and preferences of stakeholders in developing halal tourism destinations. In addition, to formulate a development model for halal tourism destinations in Indonesia. The population in this study comprised of tourists; tourism business owners; as well as the officials taking charge in halal tourist destinations, and halal tourism products and brands. Data collection of existing conditions was conducted in regard to halal tourism product offerings. Afterward, the assessment of various potential halal tourism resources in Indonesia was carried out through a scoring system. The results of this study showed that the gradual development of halal tourism destinations has main priority in the development of halal food & beverages at the level of 0.49; the availability of places of worship at the level of 0.34; the availability of recreational facilities for different gender at the level of 0.090; and the atmosphere of Islam at the level of 0.068. The right tourism development model begins with the classification of tourism with an Islamic approach, namely: Level 1 - Conventional Tourism, Level 2 - Muslim Friendly Tourism, Level 3 - Muslim Religious Tourism and Level 4 - Halal Tourism. The optimization model developed in this study is expected to be beneficial for governments, practitioners, and academicians in designing halal tourism development policies, as well as other institutions that have particular interest to halal tourism expansion in Indonesia.
Forecasting the Foreign Tourist Arrivals to Vietnam Using the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Method
Authors: TUNG Le Thanh
Published: February 2019

The tourism has been recognized as the most important service sector in the economic development strategy of the Vietnamese government for the decades. The number of foreign visitors to Vietnam has increased rapidly over the years, however, the quality of the forecasting work has not met the requirements of the planning development. The serious over-loading of Vietnamese infrastructure as well as serving network has come by the problems in the forecasting. There is a large gap between the forecasting information and the real growth of the tourism sector in Vietnam. In order to solve this issue, our paper employs the ARIMA method to identify a more suitable tool for forecasting the foreign tourist arrivals to Vietnam. The data is used by the monthly form collected from the January 2009 to June 2018. The regression result determines the ARIMA (2,1,12) is the optimal model and applied to forecast the number of visitors come to Vietnam for three months of the third quarter in 2018.  Finally, our study result provides a useful forecasting tool for not only the Vietnamese policymakers but also the businesses in the tourism sector in Vietnam in the future.
A Study on the Implication of Tourism Destination and Customer Satisfaction-Based Sustainable Cultural and Heritage Tourism on Tourists Retention in Nias Island-Indonesia
Authors: LAOLI Victorinus , HULU Fatolosa , NAZARA Desman Serius , BAENE Eduar , WARUWU Sukaaro , MENDROFA Yupiter
Published: February 2019

Cultural and heritage tourism is a form of tourism that merges elements of education, tour, cultural and nature preservation as well as economic activities. Since local culture in its original context is the main attractions, then the potential of local culture to disappear can be resolved. Based on the research results on the effect of Sustainable cultural and heritage tourism on tourist’s retention, it was discovered that there is an increase in the effect of Sustainable cultural and heritage tourism on tourist’s retention. Based on the findings of this research regarding the effect of Tourism Destination on tourist’s retention, it was discovered that there is an effect of Tourism Destination on tourist’s retention. With the improvement of Tourism Destination, tourist’s retention can be increased. Based on findings of this research, it was discovered that tourist satisfaction has no effect on tourist’s retention. The decreased Tourist Satisfaction leads to the decline in tourist’s retention. Regarding the effect of sustainable cultural and heritage tourism, tourism destination and customer satisfaction on tourist’s retention in Nias Island, it was revealed that these three variables (sustainable cultural and heritage tourism, tourism destination and customer satisfaction) have simultaneous effects on tourist’s retention in Nias Island.
Leasing and Insurance Mechanism in Sustainable Agricultural Development
Authors: AIMURZINA Baglan , KAMENOVA Mazken , OMAROVA Ainura , SHOKHAN Roza , KARIPOVA Ainur , KHOICH Aizhan
Published: February 2019

Economic changes have predetermined public policy, in which its support should play a greater role compared to other sectors. Priority in the development of agricultural production will be indicators of production efficiency, competitiveness of domestic products. In this regard, one of the priorities of the development of the economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan is the accelerated development of the agro-industrial complex on the basis of increasing labour productivity in the agro-industrial sector and increasing exports of processed agricultural products by encouraging a leasing and insurance mechanism.

The article analyzes the dynamics of depreciation of fixed assets by type and renewal in agriculture, forestry and fisheries, shows the impact of the formation of mutual insurance on the production efficiency of agricultural producers. The proposals for further improvement of the leasing and insurance mechanisms, including according to the experience of developed countries, are given.
Standardized and tailor-made tests probe different factors influencing the acquisition of second language vocabulary by children
Authors: Marecka Marta , Otwinowska Agnieszka , Jelec Anna
Published: February 2019

Studies investigating the relationship between phonological short term memory, phonological awareness and vocabulary in L2 child learners yield mixed results. Those differences may be caused by the vocabulary assessment tools used in research. Tailor-made vocabulary tests based on the input the L2 learners receive may deliver different results than standardized tests based on L1 norms. To investigate this assumption, we examined the effect of phonological short-term memory and phonological awareness on L2 vocabulary size in child learners using a standardized and a tailor-made test based on L2 participants’ textbooks. The results of both tests were correlated, indicating that they measured the same construct. Results of both tests were influenced by children’s English phonological awareness scores, but while the Standardized Test was related to phonological short-term memory scores, the Textbook Test was related to nonverbal IQ. We suggest that standardised and tailor-made tests tap into two different modes of vocabulary acquisition.
Maternal factors associated with neonatal vitamin D deficiency
Authors: Wang Chen , Gao Jinsong , Liu Ning , Yu Songlin , Qiu Ling , Wang Danhua
Published: February 2019

Background

An adequate maternal vitamin D (vitD) intake is rarely achieved in actual practice. The aim of this study was to assess maternal factors associated with neonatal vitD deficiency.

Methods

This is a single-institution prospective case-control study. Consecutive single-birth neonates admitted between September 2014 and February 2015 were prospectively enrolled. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations were measured by spectrometry. The associations between neonatal vitD deficiency (defined as 25(OH)D <15 ng/mL) and several maternal characteristics, including body mass index (BMI) at delivery, education, health insurance status, birth season, sun exposure time, egg consumption, and vitD supplementation during pregnancy, were examined using multivariable logistic regression and their respective odds ratios (ORs) reported.

Results

A total of 125 mother-infant dyads were enrolled, with a gestational age of 36.8±2.7 weeks. Fifty-six percent (70/125) of the neonates had vitD deficiency. Maternal factors that were significantly associated with vitD deficiency included winter birth, insufficient sun exposure time, high maternal BMI at delivery, insufficient egg consumption, insufficient vitD supplementation during pregnancy, and disadvantaged health insurance. Disadvantaged insurance status and insufficient vitD supplementation during pregnancy were the two most influential factors of neonatal vitD deficiency, with an OR of 7.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.0–37.6) and 7.0 (95% CI, 2.7–20.7), respectively.

Conclusions

Neonatal vitD deficiency is very rampant. An individualized vitD supplementation strategy may be developed by taking into consideration pregnant women’s socioeconomic status and lifestyles.
The effect of PKU diet on the maternal quality of life and social discrimination in relation to their educational status and place of living
Authors: Iakovou Konstantinos , Madoglou Anna , Monopolis Ioannis , Schulpis Kleopatra
Published: February 2019

Background

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an inherited metabolic disorder characterized by high levels of phenylalanine in the blood and brain, resulting in mental retardation, etc. Dietary treatment with low phenylalanine is the common treatment for this disease. Patients with other metabolic disorders, such as diabetes mellitus, were reported to have a higher percentage of quality-of-life damage (QLD) and social discriminations (SDs).

Methods

To evaluate the degree (%) of maternal QLD and SD in relation to their educational status and place of living during the participation of their PKU children in public events, 110 mothers of PKU children with an average age of 25.7 years took part in this study. We evaluated their QLD and SD according to their educational status (primary school, high school and university) and place of living (small town ≤300,000, city >300,000 inhabitants). A control group was not needed. Special questions (checklist) were created to evaluate the QLD and SD of the mothers of children under dietary control. Cronbach’s α test was used for the measurement of the function of the items in the checklists.

Results

The covariance between the item pairs and the variance of the total score were calculated. Mothers who had completed primary school and lived in a city with a population >300,000 experienced the highest degree of QLD. In contrast, mothers with a university degree experienced the lowest SD. Overall, the highest SD was observed in mothers who lived in a small town. The affected group of mothers should be psychologically supported.
Phase-matched nonlinear second-harmonic generation in plasmonic metasurfaces
Authors: Shams Mousavi S. Hamed , Lemasters Robert , Wang Feng , Dorche Ali Eshaghian , Taheri Hossein , Eftekhar Ali A. , Harutyunyan Hayk , Adibi Ali
Published: February 2019

The phase matching between the propagating fundamental and nonlinearly generated waves plays an important role in the efficiency of the nonlinear frequency conversion in macroscopic crystals. However, in nanoscale samples, such as nanoplasmonic structures, the phase-matching condition is often ignored due to the sub-wavelength nature of the materials. Here, we first show that the phase matching of the lattice plasmon modes at the fundamental and second-harmonic frequencies in a plasmonic nanoantenna array can effectively enhance the surface-enhanced second-harmonic generation. Additionally, a significant enhancement of the second-harmonic generation is demonstrated using stationary band-edge lattice plasmon modes with zero phase.
Epigenetic mechanisms, trauma, and psychopathology: targeting chromatin remodeling complexes
Authors: Bielawski Tomasz , Misiak Blazej , Moustafa Ahmed , Frydecka Dorota
Published: February 2019

Environmental pressure affects the genotype throughout different epigenetic processes. There is currently ample evidence on the role of epigenetics in developing various mental disorders. A burden of environmental pressure, such as psychological trauma, and its influence on genotype can lead to a variety of psychopathologies. Thus, this study focuses on the epigenetic activity of the complex protein machinery operating on chromatin – the ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes. Although there are several recent studies on the molecular structure, functions, and taxonomy of ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes, the focus of this paper is to highlight the importance of those ‘protein machines’ in developing psychiatric disorders. Data were obtained from human preclinical and clinical studies. The results of this review indicate an importance of ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes in the interaction between environmental factors, including traumatic events, and genetic vulnerability to stress. Several studies indicate that ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes play a crucial role in the development and consolidation of memory, in neurodevelopmental processes, and in etiology depressive-like behavior. Thus, the activity of those ‘protein machines’ emerges as a key factor in the pathophysiology of various psychiatric diseases. It can also be concluded that the limitations of clinical studies may be explained by inappropriate laboratory methods and research paradigms due to the delayed timeframe of biochemical responses to environmental stimuli. Future research in this field may enable a better understanding of the pathophysiology of psychiatric diseases and contribute to the development of novel molecular treatment targets.
Pesticide Exposure and Stunting among Children in Agricultural Areas
Authors: Kartin Apoina , Subagio Hertanto W , Hadisaputro Suharyo , Kartasurya Martha I , Suhartono Suhartono , Budiyono Budiyono
Published: February 2019

Background: The prevalence of growth disorders among school-aged children in Indonesia is high (30.7%). Pesticides have been massively used in Indonesian agricultural areas. Objective: To determine if exposure to pesticides is associated with stunting among children in agricultural areas. Methods: This case-control study included 160 children (48 cases and 112 controls) aged 8–12 years. Exposure to pesticides was measured based on the history of the exposure since perinatal period, infancy, and childhood of the participants. Stunting was determined as a height for age z-score (HAZ) < -2 SD. Other variables measured were levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), hemoglobin, zinc, albumin, nutrient adequacy level (energy and protein), and history of infection, low-birth weight (LBW), and mother's height. Results: There were no significant difference between the cases and controls in terms of in the baseline characteristics, except for the median IGF-1 level; it was significantly (p<0.001) lower in the cases (66.73 ng/mL) than the controls (112.57 ng/mL). High level of pesticide exposure (p=0.029) and low IGF-1 levels (p<0.001) were significantly associated with stunting. After adjusting for confounding variables, these variables were found to be independent risk factors for stunting in children (aOR 3.90, 95% CI 1.15 to 13.26; and aOR 8.35, 95% CI 3.65 to 19.14, respectively). Conclusion: Pesticide exposure could be a risk factor for the occurrence of growth disorders in children living in agricultural areas. Necessary actions should be taken to protect children living in agricultural areas from exposure to pesticides.
Pathological Narcissism: A Study of Burden on Partners and Family
Authors: Day Nicholas J. S. , Bourke Marianne E. , Townsend Michelle L. , Grenyer Brin F. S.
Published: February 2019

Pathological narcissism is characterized by impaired interpersonal functioning, but few studies have examined the impact of the disorder on those living in a close relationship. Participants (N = 683; comprising romantic partners [77.8%], mothers [8.5%] or other family members [10%]) in a close relationship with a relative with pathological narcissism completed measures assessing levels of grief, burden, mental health, and coping style. Participants’ reported burden was over 1.5 standard deviations above comparison carers of people with mood, neurotic, or psychotic disorders, and higher than carers of people with borderline personality disorder. Similarly, caseness for depression (69% of sample) or anxiety disorders (82%) in the sample was high. Relationship type, subtype expression (vulnerable/grandiose), and coping style were all found to significantly relate to experienced psychopathology. Although limitations exist regarding sample selection that may influence interpretation of results, these findings quantify the significant interpersonal impact of pathological narcissism in this sample.
Systematic alanine scanning of PAX8 paired domain reveals functional importance of the N-subdomain
Authors: Iwahashi Megumi , Narumi Satoshi
Published: February 2019

Thyroid-specific transcription factor PAX8 has an indispensable role in the thyroid gland development, which is evidenced by the facts thatPAX8/Pax8mutations cause congenital hypothyroidism in humans and mice. More than 90% of knownPAX8mutations were located in the paired domain, suggesting the central role of the domain in exerting the molecular function. Structure-function relationships of PAX8, as well as other PAX family transcription factors, have never been investigated in a systematic manner. Here, we conducted the first alanine scanning mutagenesis study, in which 132 alanine variants located in the paired domain of PAX8 were created and systematically evaluatedin vitro. We found that 76 alanine variants (55%) were loss of function (LOF) variants (defined by <30% activity as compared with wild type PAX8). Importantly, the distribution of LOF variants were skewed, with more frequently observed in the N-subdomain (65% of the alanine variants in the N-subdomain) than in the C-subdomain (45%). Twelve out of 13 alanine variants in residues that have been affected in patients with congenital hypothyroidism were actually LOF, suggesting that the alanine scanning data can be used to evaluate the functional importance of mutated residues. Using ourin vitrodata, we tested the accuracy of seven computational algorithms for pathogenicity prediction, showing that they are sensitive but not specific to evaluate on the paired domain alanine variants. Collectively, our experiment-based data would help better understand the structure-function relationships of the paired domain, and would provide a unique resource for pathogenicity prediction of futurePAX8variants.
Caficultores replanteando su participación en la cadena del café
Casos de Costa Rica y México
Authors: Luna González Alejandro , Díaz Porras Rafael , Morales Ramos Victorino , Mayett Moreno Yesica
Published: February 2019

El principal mercado para países productores de café es el extranjero, bajo esquemas de comercialización organizados por un grupo de compradores. Esto obliga a países productores como México y Costa Rica a desarrollar cambios en la forma en que participan en las cadenas de valor, donde la calidad del café es determinante para tratar de negociar un mejor precio al productor. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar comparativamente las estrategias de valor agregado, considerando el uso de certificaciones y procesos de gestión de calidad en ambos países. Se utilizó el enfoque de cadenas globales de valor para analizar la estrategia de los productores que realizan la transformación (llamados beneficiados/Beneficios). La información se recopiló de 64 Beneficios (Molinos) de café: 67.1 % en Costa Rica y 32.9 % en México. En Costa Rica se encontró que existe una correlación entre contar con certificaciones y la capacidad instalada (Pearson de .457 significativa a P<.05). En el caso de México se encontró una correlación entre contar con certificaciones y obtener mejores ingresos (Pearson de .693 significativa a P<.05). La estrategia de certificación del café costarricense es útil para acceder a canales de comercialización en venta por volumen y, en el caso de México, además asegura el precio de venta. La estrategiade selección de café en grano en el Beneficio es clave para incrementar la calidad en taza, innovando en diferentes productos especializados y comercializarlo tanto en mercados tradicionales como nuevos mercados. Implementar la estrategia de gestión de calidad posibilita un mayor grado de integración en la cadena.
Avatares del principio de placer y principio de realidad en la educación
Authors: Morales Barrera Mónica
Published: February 2019

En su Presentación Autobiográfica (1925), Sigmund Freud advierte que él no escribió nada sobre educación; sin embargo, dice que los descubrimientos que en psicoanálisis se han realizado en el periplo por la exploración del inconsciente han interesado a otras disciplinas, entre las que se encuentra la pedagogía. En los pocos artículos en los que Freud alude a la educación, habla de esta en términos de sueños y esperanzas; en general, la concibe como una suerte de profilaxis de las neurosis y de las perversiones, en tanto el psicoanálisis actuaría a posteriori en el nivel terapéutico. Solo en uno de sus artículos, Formulaciones sobre los dos principios del acaecer psíquico (1911) –principio de displacer-placer y principio de realidad–, Freud asigna a la educación una función específica; en sus propias palabras, dice que esta “… puede describirse, sin más vacilaciones, como la incitación a vencer el principio de placer y a sustituirlo por el principio de realidad” (1989a, p. 228). Esta breve tesis contiene la esencia del poder humanizante de la educación, que hace posible que un sujeto ingrese al circuito de la cultura, al poner coto a los impulsos autodestructivos promovidos por el principio del placer. Analizar dicha tesis es el propósito de este escrito.
Escuelas para la justicia social: experiencias de liderazgo en dos centros educativos costarricenses
Authors: Cerdas-Montano Virginia , García-Martínez José Antonio , L. Slater Charles
Published: February 2019

El liderazgo para la justicia social es un tema que ha cobrado relevancia en los espacios de diálogo vinculados a temas educativos, en muchos contextos alrededor del mundo y Costa Rica no es la excepción. El objetivo de este estudio es el análisis en relación con esta temática, así como el aporte de ideas para los educadores en formación y en ejercicio; igualmente, para las personas que dirigen el rumbo en materia de políticas educativas del país. Desde un enfoque cualitativo, se implementa el protocolo de entrevista de la Red Internacional de Desarrollo de Liderazgo (ISLDN), que surge como parte de las reflexiones en la Convención de la University Council for Educational Administration (UCEA) en el 2008, el cual está conformado por cinco preguntas. Los sujetos de análisis son dos directivos escolares, concretamente del nivel de preescolar público y de una unidad pedagógica privada. Los resultados sugieren un estilo de liderazgo democrático con algunas características de transformacional, centrados en aspectos de la justicia social como reconocimiento y capacidades de las personas. Además, se hallan coincidencias, en ambos casos, con los aportes teóricos revisados basados en las cuatro categorías de justicia social: económica, cultural, asociativa y para el desarrollo.
Cuando azota el frío. Globalización y afectividad de Álvaro Vega Sánchez (EUNA, 2017)
Authors: Corrales Arias Adriano
Published: February 2019

El profesor, investigador y escritor Álvaro Vega Sánchez nos coloca ante una nueva parcela de la realidad contemporánea al introducir en el análisis de la globalización la dimensión afectiva.
Nuevos vientos soplan en el malecón de La Habana: Reformas económicas y cambio político en Cuba
Authors: Macedo Rizo Jhany Marcelo
Published: February 2019

En este ensayo se analiza la caída del socialismo real, además de diversos problemas internos y el bloqueo econó­mico, que llevaron a Cuba al denomi­nado Período Especial durante los años 90, frente al cual el gobierno cubano emprendió una serie de reformas eco­nómicas dirigidas a combatir sus te­rribles efectos y a darle un impulso a su economía nacional, fundamen­tada esta en la planificación pero con muy limitados resultados en términos macroeconómi­cos y de calidad de vida del ciudadano cubano. Debido al carácter de algunas de esas reformas, se busca determinar si constituyen una ante­sala para el tránsito hacia la economía de mercado, o si, por el contrario, persiguen que el Estado siga teniendo un papel preponderante en el modelo de desarro­llo pero permitiendo algunas iniciativas privadas. Aunque esta nueva apertura trae aparejada una ampliación de dere­chos civiles y políticos, se defiende que Cuba apunta a construir un modelo pro­pio, tendiente a reforzar el sistema polí­tico actual y en el que en todo caso las re­formas se implementen con gradualidad. Para lograr tal objetivo, el texto parte de un enfoque comparativo para revisar algu­nas cifras relevantes de la economía cubana y de reseñar las reformas más importantes en la última década.
Food and Beverage Intake From 12 to 23 Months by WIC Status
Authors: Hamner Heather C. , Paolicelli Courtney , Casavale Kellie O. , Haake Melanie , Bartholomew Anne
Published: February 2019

BACKGROUND:

In 2009, the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) revised its food packages to align with updated nutrition science. Understanding how these revisions may impact current consumption patterns could be important.

METHODS:

Dietary data from the 2011–2014 NHANES were used to estimate the percentage of children who were aged 12 to 23 months consuming selected food and beverage categories on any given day by age and WIC status (children who were on WIC, those who were eligible for but not receiving WIC benefits, and those who were not eligible for WIC).

RESULTS:

Consumption of food and beverage categories differed by WIC status. On a given day, a lower percentage of children who were eligible for but did not receive WIC benefits consumed vegetables (excluding white potatoes; 42.3%) and grains (76.5%) compared with children who were participating in WIC (vegetables [excluding white potatoes]: 60.4%; grains: 85.5%) and those who were not eligible for WIC benefits (vegetables [excluding white potatoes]: 58.1%; grains: 87.2%; P < .05). A lower percentage of both children who were eligible for but not receiving WIC benefits and those who were participating in WIC consumed fruits (57.6% and 70.6%, respectively) and snacks (45.9% and 48.5%, respectively) than those who were not eligible for WIC (fruits: 86.4%; snacks: 69.1%; P < .05). A lower percentage of children who were receiving WIC consumed dairy than children who were not eligible for WIC (91.7% and 97.2%, respectively; P < .05). A higher percentage of those who were receiving WIC consumed 100% juice (70.6%) than children who were eligible for but not receiving WIC (51.6%) and children who were not eligible for WIC (50.8%; P < .05).

CONCLUSIONS:

Improving early WIC participation and retention could positively impact some diet-related disparities among young children who are eligible for WIC.
Effect of irrigation suspension on the growth, water state and production of spinach (Spinacia olerácea L.) plants
Authors: Reyes Andrea , Alvarado Oscar , Alvarez-Herrera Javier
Published: February 2019

Spinach is susceptible to drought conditions, and, because of climate change, it is necessary to optimize water application to crops. Therefore, a test was carried out in a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments consisting of the following irrigation suspension durations: T1: 0 d, T2: 4 d, T3: 7 d and T4: 10, with six replicates for a total of 24 experiment units (EU). Each EU consisted of 6 plants, for a total of 120 plants that were transplanted to 2 L pots with a mixture of peat and soil (2:1). The upper part of the substrate was maintained with a higher moisture content in the treatment without irrigation suspension and in the one with irrigation suspended for 4 d. An inversely proportional relationship was observed between the moisture content and the leaf water potential. The treatment without irrigation suspension recorded the highest leaf water potential value during the measurement period. There were no significant differences between the chlorophyll content in the SPAD units or for the leaf area, stomatal conductance and dry mass. The fresh mass presented significant differences and had the highest value in the treatment without suspension of irrigation.
Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis to identify arcelins from Phaseolus vulgaris with inmuno-proteomic analysis
Authors: Bernal Carolina , Sosa Daynet , Galindo-Castro Iván , Diez Nardy
Published: February 2019

The present study used proteomics to analyze the expression of lectin-like proteins, specifically arcelins, in P. vulgaris cultivar varieties from Venezuela. A PAGE-SDS analysis of 30 commercial accessions of P. vulgaris showed significant differences in the molecular weight range of lectin-like proteins (arcelins). Eight different accessions were selected based on their electroforetic mobility for the proteomic analysis. Arcelin immuno-detection of two dimentional electrophoresed proteins was used to easily display the different arcelin proteomic profiles of the studied accessions. Mass spectrometry analysis confirmed the arcelin nature of these proteins. This is the first report on arcelin evaluation of the Venezuelan germoplasm of P. vulgaris with the aim of enhancing breeding programs by identifying accession materials with resistance to bean storage pests.
Development of a new maize hybrid for the Ecuadorian lowland
Authors: Limongi-Andrade Ricardo , Alarcón-Cobeña Daniel , Zambrano-Zambrano Eddie , Caicedo Marlon , Villavicencio-Linzan Paúl , Eguez José , Navarrete Bernardo , Yanez Carlos , Zambrano José L.
Published: February 2019

Yellow maize (Zea mays L. var. indurata) is mainly produced in the Ecuadorian lowlands (less than 1,200 m a.s.l.), primarily for feed production. Although Ecuador has recently increased maize production, new genotypes are needed for self-sufficiency and in order to avoid costly imports. Maize is sown mostly from December to January during the rainy season. However, the irregularity of rainfall has become a constraint on production. “INIAP H-603 Superior” is a new single-cross maize hybrid developed for the Ecuadorian lowlands with improved yields, which could contribute to domestic food security. The new hybrid had an average yield of 8.48 t ha-1 with outstanding performance under the rainfall, sustained moisture, and irrigation conditions, outperforming the commercial hybrids INIAP H-602, DEKALB-7088 and INIAP H-553. Additionally, the new hybrid showed tolerance to the principal foliar diseases: leaf blight (Exserohilum turcicum), rust (Puccinia sorghi), and leaf spot (Curvularia lunata), as well as good adaptability and stability, with a regression coefficient (bi) of 0.98 when it was evaluated in 29 locations from 2010 to 2013. The greatest yield potential of the new hybrid (10.82 t ha-1) was obtained with irrigation during the dry season.
Growth response surface for optimizing fertilization in Andean blackberry (Rubus glaucus Benth.) nurseries
Authors: Cardona William , Galindo Julio , Bolaños Martha , Ramírez María
Published: February 2019

Fertilization in soils cultivated with the Andean blackberry has been carried out empirically because there is no complete knowledge on its nutrient requirements. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate the effect of variable doses of N, P, K and Ca on the growth of thornless Andean blackberry in nurseries. This research was carried out in the nursery of AGROSAVIA C. I. Tibaitata (Mosquera, Colombia) using vitroplantlets sown in peat moss, sand and rice husks (2:1:1). A completely randomized block design with 25 treatments and 15 plants per experiment unit was used. The nutritive solution application frequency was established as every four d for three months with a volume of 44 mL/plant; the concentration was increased each month. Destructive sampling was carried out 30, 60 and 90 d after transplanting, registering plant height, leaf area, root length and volume, number of leaflets, and leaf, stem and root dry matter. Regression models were used establishing significance (P<0.05 and <0.01) between N, P, K and Ca using SAS 9.3. Doses of 36 N, 43 P2O5, 18 K2O, and 9 CaO g/plant improved the root development in terms of dry matter and length and increased the number of leaflets, aerial length and leaf dry matter.