bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genomic analysis of primary and recurrent gliomas reveals clinical outcome related molecular features
Authors: Zhang Longbo , Liu Zhiqiang , Li Jin , Huang Tianxiang , Wang Ying , Chang Lianpeng , Zheng Wenjie , Ma Yujie , Chen Fenghua , Gong Xuan , Yuan Qianying , Teaw Shannon , Fang Xinqi , Song Tao , Huo Lei , Li Xi , Xia Xuefeng , Liu Zhixiong , Wu Jun
Published: November 2019

Tremendous efforts have been made to explore biomarkers for classification and grading on gliomas. The goal of this study was to identify more molecular features that are associated with clinical outcomes by comparing the genomic profiles of primary and recurrent gliomas and determine potential recurrence leading factors that are significantly enriched in relapse tumors. Hybrid capture based next generation sequencing (NGS) analysis was performed on 64 primary and 17 recurrent glioma biopsies. Copy number variation (CNV) was more frequent in recurrent tumors and CDKN2A/B loss was significantly enriched. In addition, overall mutations in cell cycle pathway are more common in relapse tumors. The patterns of gene sets, including IDH1/TERT and IDH1/TP53 exhibited significant difference between the groups. Survival analysis uncovered the worse disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) associated with altered copy number and excessive activation of CELL CYCLE pathway. High Tumor Mutation Burden (TMB) was also a biomarker with great potential for poor prognosis. The assessment of genomic characteristics in primary versus recurrent gliomas aids the discovery of potential predictive biomarkers. The prognostic value of TMB in gliomas was raised for the first time.
Expansion of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Early Cardiovascular Progenitor Cells by a Cocktail of Signaling Factors
Authors: Vahdat Sadaf , Pahlavan Sara , Mahmoudi Elena , Barekat Maryam , Ansari Hassan , Bakhshandeh Behnaz , Aghdami Nasser , Baharvand Hossein
Published: November 2019

Cardiovascular progenitor cells (CPCs) derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are proposed to be invaluable cell sources for experimental and clinical studies. This wide range of applications necessitates large-scale production of CPCs in an in vitro culture system, which enables both expansion and maintenance of these cells. In this study, we aimed to develop a defined and efficient culture medium that uses signaling factors for large-scale expansion of early CPCs, called cardiogenic mesodermal cells (CMCs), which were derived from hPSCs. Chemical screening resulted in a medium that contained a reproducible combination of three factors (A83-01, bFGF, and CHIR99021) that generated 1014 CMCs after 10 passages without the propensity for tumorigenicity. Expanded CMCs retained their gene expression pattern, chromosomal stability, and differentiation tendency through several passages and showed both the safety and possible cardio-protective potentials when transplanted into the infarcted rat myocardium. These CMCs were efficiently cryopreserved for an extended period of time. This culture medium could be used for both adherent and suspension culture conditions, for which the latter is required for large-scale CMC production. Taken together, hPSC-derived CMCs exhibited self-renewal capacity in our simple, reproducible, and defined medium. These cells might ultimately be potential, promising cell sources for cardiovascular studies.
Physicochemically Tuned Myofibroblasts for Wound Healing Strategy
Authors: Ko Ung Hyun , Choi Jongjin , Choung Jinseung , Moon Sunghwan , Shin Jennifer H.
Published: November 2019

Normal healing of skin wounds involves a complex interplay between many different cellular constituents, including keratinocytes, immune cells, fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, as well as extracellular matrices. Especially, fibroblasts play a critical role in regulating the immune response and matrix reconstruction by secreting many cytokines and matrix proteins. Myofibroblasts, which are differentiated form of fibroblasts, feature high cellular contractility and encourage the synthesis of matrix proteins to promote faster closure of the wounds. We focus on the functional characteristics of these myofibroblasts as the healing strategy for severe wounds where the surplus amount of matrix proteins could be beneficial for better regeneration. In this study, we first employed multiple physicochemical cues, namely topographical alignment, TGF-β1, and electrical field (EF), to induce differentiation of dermal fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, and to further activate the differentiated cells. We then used these cells in a mouse wound model to verify their potential as a transplantable substitute for the severe wound. Our results confirmed that physicochemically stimulated myofibroblasts promoted faster healing of the wound compared to the case with non-stimulated myofibroblasts through elevated matrix reconstruction in the mouse model. Conclusively, we propose the utilization of physicochemically tuned myofibroblasts as a novel strategy for promoting better healing of moderate to severe wounds.
Structural characterization of the RH1-LZI tandem of JIP3/4 highlights RH1 domains as a cytoskeletal motor-binding motif
Authors: Vilela Fernando , Velours Christophe , Chenon Mélanie , Aumont-Nicaise Magali , Campanacci Valérie , Thureau Aurélien , Pylypenko Olena , Andreani Jessica , Llinas Paola , Ménétrey Julie
Published: November 2019

JIP3 and JIP4 (JNK-interacting proteins 3 and 4) are adaptors for cargo recruitment by dynein/dynactin and kinesin1 motors. Both are dimers that are stabilised by two sections of leucine zipper coiled coils. The N-terminal Leucine Zipper I (LZI) belongs to a section that binds dynein-DLIC and kinesin1-KHC, whilst the medial Leucine Zipper II (LZII) binds dynactin-p150glued and kinesin1-KLC. Structural data is available for the LZII, but the LZI section is still uncharacterized. Here we characterize the N-terminal part of JIP3/4 which consists of an RH1 (RILP homology 1) domain followed by the LZI coiled coil using bioinformatical, biophysical and structural approaches. The RH1-LZI tandem of JIP3 associates as a high affinity homodimer exhibiting elongated alpha-helical fold. 3D homology modelling of the RH1-LZI tandem reveals that the kinesin1-KHC binding site mainly overlaps with the RH1 domain. A sequence comparison search indicates that only one other protein family has RH1 domains similar to those of JIP3/4, the RILP (Rab-interacting lysosomal protein) family which consists of adaptor proteins linking Rab GTPases to cytoskeletal motors. RILPL2 is recruited through its RH1 domain by the myosin 5a motor. Here, we showed that the RH1 domain of JIP3 also interacts with myosin 5 A in vitro, highlighting JIP3/4 as possible myosin 5a adaptors. Finally, we propose that JIP3/4 and RILP family members define a unique RH1/RH2-architecture adaptor superfamily linking cytoskeletal motors and Rab GTPases.
Response of Roses (Rosa hybrida L. ‘Herbert Stevens’) to Foliar Application of Polyamines on Root Development, Flowering, Photosynthetic Pigments, Antioxidant Enzymes Activity and NPK
Authors: Yousefi Fereshteh , Jabbarzadeh Zohreh , Amiri Jafar , Rasouli-Sadaghiani Mir Hassan
Published: November 2019

The effect of foliar application of polyamines on roses (Rosa hybrida cv. ‘Herbert Stevens’) was investigated in a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with three replications in a greenhouse. Two factors were applied including polyamine type (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) and polyamine concentration (0, 1, 2 and 4 mM). The recorded traits included root fresh and dry weight, root length, number of flowers, flower longevity, chlorophyll content, carotenoids, antioxidant enzymes activity (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and guaiacol peroxidase) and some macronutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The results showed that among polyamines, putrescine had the greatest effect on root dry weight; spermidine showed the greatest effect on root length, chlorophyll content, plant phosphorus and spermine affected root fresh weight and flower longevity most strongly. Polyamine concentration of 1 mM had the strongest effect on flower longevity, carotenoids, nitrogen and phosphorus content. The highest potassium rate was observed in treatments with the concentration of 4 mM. Polyamine treatments had no significant effect on the number of flowers per plant and antioxidant enzymes.
Disentangling photoperiod from hop vernalization and dormancy for global production and speed breeding
Authors: Bauerle William L.
Published: November 2019

Humulus lupulus L. (hop) flowers are a key ingredient in beer, imparting the beverage’s aroma and bitterness profile. Photoperiod is known to interact with temperature to control flowering in hops. Studies have stipulated that resting dormant buds on hops require a minimum chilling duration for their meristems to break dormancy and grow fruitfully. This assertion, in part, led to a long-held notion that hops require vernalization and/or dormancy for the meristem to change from a vegetative to floral state. The research in this study aims to separate photoperiod from vernalization and dormancy through a series of experiments that artificially control photoperiod to prevent the onset of dormancy and chilling exposure. Six experiments were performed to assess flower yield and quality for seven diverse hop cultivars (with and without exposure to chilling and dormancy) to quantify the impact on flowering performance. Vernalization and dormancy, two plant traits previously considered necessary to the proliferation of hop flowers, do not influence hop flower yield and quality. The findings have broad implications; global hop production can be distributed more widely and it paves the way for speed breeding and controlled-environment production to achieve 4 hop generation cycles per year, as opposed to 1 under field-grown conditions.
Decreased expression of femXAB genes and fnbp mediated biofilm pathways in OS-MRSA clinical isolates
Authors: Brahma Umarani , Sharma Paresh , Murthy Shweta , Sharma Savitri , Chakraborty Shalini , Appalaraju Sundarapu Naga , Bhandari Vasundhra
Published: November 2019

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a significant threat to human health. Additionally, biofilm forming bacteria becomes more tolerant to antibiotics and act as bacterial reservoir leading to chronic infection. In this study, we characterised the antibiotic susceptibility, biofilm production and sequence types (ST) of 74 randomly selected clinical isolates of S. aureus causing ocular infections. Antibiotic susceptibility revealed 74% of the isolates as resistant against one or two antibiotics, followed by 16% multidrug-resistant isolates (MDR), and 10% sensitive. The isolates were characterized as MRSA (n = 15), Methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA, n = 48) and oxacillin susceptible mecA positive S. aureus (OS-MRSA, n = 11) based on oxacillin susceptibility, mecA gene PCR and PBP2a agglutination test. All OS-MRSA would have been misclassified as MSSA on the basis of susceptibility test. Therefore, both phenotypic and genotypic tests should be included to prevent strain misrepresentation. In addition, in-depth studies for understanding the emerging OS-MRSA phenotype is required. The role of fem XAB gene family has been earlier reported in OS-MRSA phenotype. Sequence analysis of the fem XAB genes revealed mutations in fem × (K3R, H11N, N18H and I51V) and fem B (L410F) genes. The fem XAB genes were also found down-regulated in OS-MRSA isolates in comparison to MRSA. In OS-MRSA isolates, biofilm formation is regulated by fibronectin binding proteins A & B. Molecular typing of the isolates revealed genetic diversity. All the isolates produced biofilm, however, MRSA isolates with strong biofilm phenotype represent a worrisome situation and may even result in treatment failure.
Characterization of local and circulating bovine γδ T cell responses to respiratory BCG vaccination
Authors: Guerra-Maupome Mariana , McGill Jodi L.
Published: November 2019

TheMycobacterium bovisBacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine is administered parenterally to infants and young children to prevent tuberculosis (TB) infection. However, the protection induced by BCG is highly variable and the vaccine does not prevent pulmonary TB, the most common form of the illness. Until improved TB vaccines are available, it is crucial to use BCG in a manner which ensures optimal vaccine performance. Immunization directly to the respiratory mucosa has been shown to promote greater protection from TB in animal models. γδ T cells play a major role in host defense at mucosal sites and are known to respond robustly to mycobacterial infection. Their positioning in the respiratory mucosa ensures their engagement in the response to aerosolized TB vaccination. However, our understanding of the effect of respiratory BCG vaccination on γδ T cell responses in the lung is unknown. In this study, we used a calf model to investigate the immunogenicity of aerosol BCG vaccination, and the phenotypic profile of peripheral and mucosal γδ T cells responding to vaccination. We observed robust local and systemicM. bovis-specific IFN-γ and IL-17 production by both γδ and CD4 T cells. Importantly, BCG vaccination induced effector and memory cell differentiation of γδ T cells in both the lower airways and peripheral blood, with accumulation of a large proportion of effector memory γδ T cells in both compartments. Our results demonstrate the potential of the neonatal calf model to evaluate TB vaccine candidates that are to be administered via the respiratory tract, and suggest that aerosol immunization is a promising strategy for engaging γδ T cells in vaccine-induced immunity against TB.
Nanopore sequencing improves the draft genome of the human pathogenic amoeba Naegleria fowleri
Authors: Liechti Nicole , Schürch Nadia , Bruggmann Rémy , Wittwer Matthias
Published: November 2019

Naegleria fowleri is an environmental protist found in soil and warm freshwater sources worldwide and is known for its ability to infect humans and causing a rapid and mostly fatal primary amoebic meningoencephalitis. When contaminated water enters the nose, the facultative parasite follows the olfactory nerve and enters the brain by crossing the cribriform plate where it causes tissue damage and haemorrhagic necrosis. Although N. fowleri has been studied for several years, the mechanisms of pathogenicity are still poorly understood. Furthermore, there is a lack of knowledge on the genomic level and the current reference assembly is limited in contiguity. To improve the draft genome and to investigate pathogenicity factors, we sequenced the genome of N. fowleri using Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT). Assembly and polishing of the long reads resulted in a high-quality draft genome whose N50 is 18 times higher than the previously published genome. The prediction of potentially secreted proteins revealed a large proportion of enzymes with a hydrolysing function, which could play an important role during the pathogenesis and account for the destructive nature of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis. The improved genome provides the basis for further investigation unravelling the biology and the pathogenic potential of N. fowleri.
Short-term inhibition of fibrinolytic system restores locomotor function after spinal cord injury in mice
Authors: Shiraishi Yasuyuki , Kimura Atsushi , Matsuo Osamu , Sakata Yoichi , Takeshita Katsushi , Ohmori Tsukasa
Published: November 2019

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is caused by an initial mechanical insult followed by a series of deleterious events that promote the progressive damage of affected tissues. Fibrinolysis, the process by which plasmin degrades cross-linked fibrin clots, has numerous functions in the central nervous system. However, the roles of the fibrinolytic system in SCI pathophysiology remain unknown. We investigated the roles of fibrinolysis in SCI, and explored therapeutic applications targeting fibrinolysis. Plasminogen-deficient (Plg−/−) mice exhibited significantly improved locomotor function in the early phase of SCI (the first 7 days post injury), with significant inhibition of bleeding and vascular permeability, but failed to demonstrate conclusive functional recovery. Consistent with these findings, the short-term administration of tranexamic acid (TXA) in wild-type mice over the first 3 days post injury significantly improved locomotor function after SCI, whereas prolonged TXA administration did not. Prolonged TXA administration resulted in significantly lower levels of matrix metalloproteinase activities in the spinal cord, suggesting that inhibition of the fibrinolytic system impaired tissue remodeling. Our results indicate that the fibrinolytic system has time-dependent biphasic actions following SCI. The temporally optimised modulation of fibrinolytic activity may thus be a novel therapeutic strategy to improve functional outcomes after SCI.
Drug Delivery Vehicles Based on Glycoluril Oligomers
Authors: Day Anthony I. , Atthar Asma S.
Published: November 2019

The drug delivery potential of the molecular hosts cucurbit[n]uril (CB[n]) and CB[n]- type derivatives has been explored by a number of researchers worldwide. These hosts can act as drug delivery vehicles either in their simplest form as drug@host or in more complex forms such as nanoparticles, where the structural integrity of the nanoparticle is maintained and supported by secondary molecular interactions with molecular hosts, while the drug is held within the structure. A large number of drugs and bioactive molecules (>90) have been investigated, however, the primary interest discussed in this chapter relates to results from cell cultures and animal models. The usual protocol of initial evaluation of drug delivery through in vitro analysis for both diseased and healthy cells has revealed positive and encouraging outcomes. The progression of drug delivery studies to ex vivo and in vivo using only the free-hosts to evaluate their toxicology has demonstrated high biocompatibility with healthy tissue and animal models. Some pharmacokinetics is also discussed with and without drug association. Further to these studies positive pharmacological outcomes have also been reported in animal models, in particular for the reduction of toxicity, while maintaining pharmacological activity. Other features such as, increased bioavailability, drug retention and targeted delivery are also highlighted with reported examples. In contrast to examples of drug delivery, sequestration is also presented as a method of encapsulation, deactivation and excretion as an aid to anaesthesia recovery.
Engineering polyoxometalate-intercalated layered double hydroxides for catalytic applications
Authors: Liu Jian-Cai , Qi Bo , Song Yu-Fei
Published: November 2019

Polyoxometalates-intercalated layered double hydroxides (POMs–LDHs) nanocomposites have received considerable attention recently owing to the intrinsic properties of POMs and LDHs and significant synergistic effects during the catalytic process.
Evaluation of the effect of CaD on the bone structure and bone metabolic changes in senile osteoporosis rats based on MLP–ANN methods
Authors: Tang Xiufeng , Gao Yingying , Chen Yuheng , Li Xiaoxi , Yu Ping , Ma Zitong , Liu Renhui
Published: November 2019

Senile osteoporosis (SOP) is a related disease of systematic degenerative changes in bones during natural aging.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibiting ability of ethanol extracts, steviol glycosides and protein hydrolysates from stevia leaves
Authors: Wang Limin , Wu Wenbiao
Published: November 2019

Efficient treatment of hypertension is vital.
(−)-Epicatechin administration protects kidneys against modifications induced by short-terml-NAME treatment in rats
Authors: Prince Paula D. , Fraga Cesar G. , Galleano Monica
Published: November 2019

(−)-Epicatechin mitigates NO-mediated impairment of kidney function due to its capacity to modulate NOXs, NOSs, and consequently oxidative stress, and NO bioavailability in the renal cortex ofl-NAME treated rats.
Highly selective encapsulation and purification of U-based C78-EMFs within a supramolecular nanocapsule
Authors: Fuertes-Espinosa Carles , Murillo Jesse , Soto Marco E. , Ceron Maira R. , Morales-Martínez Roser , Rodríguez-Fortea Antonio , Poblet Josep M. , Echegoyen Luis , Ribas Xavi
Published: November 2019

A supramolecular nanocapsule can effectively separate C78-based EMFs over C80-based EMFs based on the shape preference for flattened C78-based EMFs.
Environmental influences on quality features ofOviductus Ranaein the Changbai Mountains
Authors: Xiao Yao , Ni Shuling , Wang Shihan , Gan Yuanshuai , Zhou Yan , Guo Hongye , Liu Min , Wang Zhihan , Wang Yongsheng
Published: November 2019

This work studied the influences of environmental factors on the quality features ofOviductus Ranae.
N-Enriched carbon nanofibers for high energy density supercapacitors and Li-ion batteries
Authors: Kale Sayali B. , Mahadadalkar Manjiri A. , Kim Chang Hyo , Kim Yoong Ahm , Jayswal Manish S. , Yang Kap Seung , Kale Bharat B.
Published: November 2019

Nitrogen enriched carbon nanofibers have been obtained by one-step carbonization/activation of PAN-based nanofibers with various concentrations of melamine at 800 °C under a N2atmosphere.
Near-infrared-induced IR780-loaded PLGA nanoparticles for photothermal therapy to treat breast cancer metastasis in bones
Authors: Li Jingyi , Hu Huiyu , Jiang Zichao , Chen Sijie , Pan Yixiao , Guo Qi , Xing Qiqi , Jing Zhaocheng , Hu Yihe , Wang Long
Published: November 2019

A schematic of PTT using IR780@PLGA NPs with NIR laser-controlled IR780 release.
Process optimization of Syringa oblata Lindl. by response surface methodology and its effect on Staphylococcus xylosus biofilm
Authors: Chen Xing-Ru , Liu Yan-Yan , Zhou Yong-Hui , Xing Xiao-Xu , Qu Qian-Wei , Chen Xue-Ying , Ding Wen-Ya , Cheng Guang-Long , Wei Ai-Juan , Feng Xi-Wen , God'spower Bello-Onaghise , Eliphaz Nsabimana , Li Yan-Hua
Published: November 2019

Optimizating of processing of Syringa oblata Lindl. could improve the inhibition of Streptococcus suis biofilm formation.
Defect-related luminescent nanostructured hydroxyapatite promotes mineralization through both intracellular and extracellular pathways
Authors: Dai Chunyan , Zhu Linhua , Chen Guangying , Haddleton David M.
Published: November 2019

Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is a widely used biomaterial for bone tissue substitution due to its chemical similarity with the natural bone.
Polymer-supported triphenylphosphine: application in organic synthesis and organometallic reactions
Authors: Moussa Ziad , Judeh Zaher M. A. , Ahmed Saleh A.
Published: November 2019

This comprehensive review highlights the diverse chemistry and applications of polymer-supported triphenylphosphine (PS-TPP) in organic synthesis since its inception.
Synthesis and properties of hyperbranched polymers for white polymer light-emitting diodes
Authors: Li Xuefeng , Zhao Haocheng , Gao Long , Xie Xiaoling , Zhang Weixuan , Wang Mixue , Wu Yuling , Miao Yanqin , Wang Hua , Xu Bingshe
Published: November 2019

A potential hyperbranched structure with fluorene-alt-carbazole branches, a three-dimensional-structured SDF core and red Ir(piq)2acac light adjusting units is synthesized for using in highly efficient white polymer light-emitting devices.
Low-threshold room-temperature continuous-wave optical lasing of single-crystalline perovskite in a distributed reflector microcavity
Authors: Tian Cheng , Tong guo Tong guo , Zhao Shiqi , Zhai Wenhao , Ge Chaoyang , Ran Guangzhao
Published: November 2019

Organic–inorganic halide perovskites have achieved remarkable success in various optoelectronic devices.
Enhanced antitumor activity of carbendazim on HeLa cervical cancer cells by aptamer mediated controlled release
Authors: Tuna Bilge G. , Atalay Pinar B. , Kuku Gamze , Acar E. Esma , Kara H. Kubra , Yilmaz M. Deniz , Ozalp V. Cengiz
Published: November 2019

Carbendazim doped and aptamer-gate functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles targeted nucleolin on HeLa cell surface for specific delivery. This delivery system improved antitumor activity of carbendazim by about 3 folds increase of EC50values.
Isonitrile-responsive and bioorthogonally removable tetrazine protecting groups
Authors: Tu Julian , Svatunek Dennis , Parvez Saba , Eckvahl Hannah J. , Xu Minghao , Peterson Randall T. , Houk K. N. , Franzini Raphael M.
Published: November 2019

Tetrazylmethyl groups are reported here as bioorthogonal protecting groups that are readily removed by isonitriles, establishing a valuable addition to the dissociative bioorthogonal chemistry and synthetic methodology toolboxes.
Datasets and their influence on the development of computer assisted synthesis planning tools in the pharmaceutical domain
Authors: Thakkar Amol , Kogej Thierry , Reymond Jean-Louis , Engkvist Ola , Bjerrum Esben Jannik
Published: November 2019

Computer Assisted Synthesis Planning (CASP), datasets and their performance.
Fabrication of polymer and carbon polyhedra through controlled cross-linking and capillary deformations
Authors: George Derosh , Peraza Hernandez Edwin A. , Lo Roger C. , Madou Marc
Published: November 2019

Polymer and carbon polyhedra are fabricated using a novel method that combines photolithography and controlled capillary folding.
Using Visual Supports to Facilitate Audiological Testing for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: McTee Haley M. , Mood Deborah , Fredrickson Tammy , Thrasher Amy , Bonino Angela Yarnell
Published: November 2019

Purpose

One in 59 children is diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Due to overlapping symptoms between hearing loss and ASD, children who are suspected of having ASD require an audiological evaluation to determine their hearing status for the purpose of differential diagnosis. The purpose of this article is twofold: (a) to increase audiologists' knowledge of ASD by discussing the challenges associated with testing and interpreting clinical data for children with ASD or suspected ASD and (b) to provide visual supports that can be used to facilitate audiological assessment.

Method

Eight children (ages 4–12 years) were recruited as video model participants. Videos were filmed using scripts that used concise and concrete language while portraying common clinical procedures. Using the video models, corresponding visual schedules were also created.

Conclusion

Although obtaining reliable hearing data from children with ASD is challenging, incorporating visual supports may facilitate testing. Video models and visual schedules have been created and made freely available for download online under a Creative Commons License (Creative Commons–Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License). Incorporating visual supports during clinical testing has the potential to reduce the child's and family's stress, as well as to increase the probability of obtaining a reliable and comprehensive audiological evaluation. Future research is warranted to determine the effectiveness and feasibility of implementing these tools in audiology clinics.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.10086434
Optimal control of a hydrogen microgrid based on an experiment validated P2HH model
Authors: Hu Qiang , Lin Jin , Zeng Qing , Fu Chen , Li Jiarong
Published: November 2019

Converting electricity into hydrogen (power‐to‐hydrogen – P2H) is proved to be an effective means of energy storage. However, the conversion efficiency of commercial electrolyzers is currently among 60–70% and the storage and transportation cost of hydrogen is relatively high. On this basis, this study promotes the comprehensive usage of P2H as a flexible load in renewable power systems as well as heat sources in the heat network. The model of power‐to‐heat and hydrogen (P2HH) is established, considering the utilisation of waste heat. This model has further experimentally verified with alkaline electrolyzer groups rated at 46.5 kW. The authors established an optimal control model of a P2HH microgrid and carried out a case study on this model; the results show that temperature plays an important role in the P2HH process because it directly influences the proportion of electricity to generate hydrogen and the proportion of electricity to generate heat. Besides, P2HH helps improve the overall system efficiency despite the possible efficiency reductions of the power to hydrogen process itself.
Warm and thick corona for a magnetically supported disk in galactic black hole binaries
Authors: Gronkiewicz D. , Różańska A.
Published: November 2019

Context. We self-consistently model a magnetically supported accretion disk around a stellar-mass black hole with a warm optically thick corona based on first principles. We consider the gas heating by magneto-rotational instability dynamo.

Aims. Our goal is to show that the proper calculation of the gas heating by magnetic dynamo can build up the warm optically thick corona above the accretion disk around a black hole of stellar mass.

Methods. Using the vertical model of the disk supported and heated by the magnetic field together with radiative transfer in hydrostatic and radiative equilibrium, we developed a relaxation numerical scheme that allowed us to compute the transition form the disk to corona in a self-consistent way.

Results. We demonstrate here that the warm (up to 5 keV) optically thick (up to 10 τes) Compton-cooled corona can form as a result of magnetic heating. A warm corona like this is stronger in the case of the higher accretion rate and the greater magnetic field strength. The radial extent of the warm corona is limited by local thermal instability, which purely depends on radiative processes. The obtained coronal parameters are in agreement with those constrained from X-ray observations.

Conclusions. A warm magnetically supported corona tends to appear in the inner disk regions. It may be responsible for soft X-ray excess seen in accreting sources. For lower accretion rates and weaker magnetic field parameters, thermal instability prevents a warm corona, giving rise to eventual clumpiness or ionized outflow.
Estimation of anthropogenic impact on lightning activity over urbanized areas of Northeast Asia
Authors: Tarabukina Lena , Innokentiev Dmitriy
Published: November 2019

The anthropogenic influence on lightning activity is revealed by an increase in the density of lightning stroke in the places with accumulation of artificial products in air and by an additional period of one week in temporal variations. In this study, a comparative analysis of the density of lightning strokes within the city (with a resolution of 0.25 degrees along longitude-latitude) and the surrounding areas (up to 0.5 degrees around the city center cell). The observations were carried out using the World Wide Lightning network (WWLLN), one of the sensors of which was installed in Yakutsk in 2009. We selected cities within the territory of 60-180E, 40-80N. Selected cities in Siberia and Russian Far East have a population of more than 50 thousand – 57 cities. Due to the high population density in the North-Eastern China, we selected only large cities with a metropolitan population of more than 400 thousand people – 26 cities. The urban effect could be revealed in about 20% of cities. The 4-, 7-, 25-day period was found in variations of lightning number around cities.
Resonant scattering as a cause for the registration of scattering layers in the thermosphere and imaginary aerosol formations in the middle atmosphere
Authors: Bychkov Vasily , Perezhogin Andrey , Seredkin Ilya
Published: November 2019

The results of lidar and ionospheric observations from August to November 2017 are discussed. Resonance scattering was detected at wavelengths of 532.08 and 561.106 nm in the altitude range of 200-400 km and in the middle atmosphere. A possible mechanism for the formation of a resonant scattering signal on excited ions of the main gas components of the atmosphere is presented. The possibility of estimating the spectra of precipitated electrons is shown.

It is shown that the complete profile of the backscattering signal can be restored in the region of 10–25 km using an additional channel for recording the attenuated signal separated from the main signal. Thus, it becomes possible to estimate the energies of electron flows in the entire region from the lower thermosphere to the stratosphere.
Supersubstorms during strong magnetic storm on 7 September 2017
Authors: Despirak Irina , Kleimenova Natalia , Gromova Liudmila , Gromov Sergey , Malysheva Liudmila
Published: November 2019

We analyzed the appearance of two supersubstorms observed during storm on September 07, 2017. Supersubstorms (SSS) are called substorms with SML index < - 2500 nT. The storm on September 07, 2017 is famous event which was studied already in many papers. There were two several geomagnetic storms on 7 and 8 September 2017, which associated with two consecutive solar wind structures: SHEATH with EJECTA and SHEATH with magnetic cloud (MC). Because the first SHEATH have a positive IMF Bz on their front edge the substorm activity absent in this time. The main phase of the first magnetic storm began with arriving the second SHEATH with the strong negative IMF Bz. During this period the first night-side supersubstorm (up to ~ 3500 nT) developed. The second magnetic storm was caused by MC with the negative IMF Bz and the severe night-side supersubstorm (up to ~ 3500 nT) were registered in this time. Thus, during the 7-8 September 2017 storms, two supersubstorms were generated, these supersubstorms caused by the SHEATH and MC impact have demonstrated the global scale distribution.
A mobile complex to record several secondary cosmic rays components
Authors: Mikhalko Evgenya , Maurchev Evgeny
Published: November 2019

The paper presents a research of the different components variations of the secondary cosmic rays (SCR). These are being monitored at the Cosmic Rays Laboratory, PGI, Apatity, using an integrated set based on the SCR basic components detectors. Also, besides stationary equipment, a mobile complex has been developed and made, which consists of a scintillation spectrometer, a charged component detector (CCD) based on the Geiger-Muller counters, and a neutron component detector (Е > 1 MeV) based on helium counters SNM-18. The mobile complex was put into operation in the early 2019. It operates in parallel with the basic equipment, recording SCRs. Small dimensions, effective energy consumption and ability to record data onto flash drives allows this complex to be used in SCR-monitoring in remote places, as well as on ships away at sea.
Interaction of elastic waves with ice layer in shelf zone
Authors: Korochentsev Vladimir , Yin Jingwei , Viland Anastasiya , Lobova Tatyana , Soshina Natalia
Published: November 2019

A theoretical model for the propagation of elastic waves of arbitrary wave sizes from 0.5 to 20 units in an ice layer has been developed. The calculation was based on Green’s function theory for Helmholtz equation. Special “directed” Green’s functions were introduced. They make it possible to anayze wave fields in closes volumes limited by different-angle impedances. The developed calculation algorithms allow one to anayze fields on medium-powered computers for 15 minutes. The suggested methods are capable of estimating elastic wave interactions with different impedances in bays, lakes and other volumes with limited wave sizes.
Slow variations of the Earth’s magnetic field: technical, methodological and organizational features of measurements
Authors: Khomutov Sergey Y.
Published: November 2019

Variations of the Earth’s magnetic field with times of several years or more reflect the processes within the planet and cause great scientific interest. Over the past 100 years the regular observations at magnetic observatories (MOs) and repeat stations are the only experimental basis for studying such variations. In recent decades, satellite measurements have complemented ground-based measurements, thus partially solving the problems of spatially highly heterogeneous global network of magnetic observatories. Absolute observations are made at MOs to get the total field intensity vector. Until now, these measurements are performed manually, they are labor intensity and subject to many factors, that are often poorly controlled and reduce the reliability of the results, especially over long periods of time (years and decades), including (1) systematic errors of used magnetometers; (2) magnetic pollution of the absolute pavilion and its surroundings (at a distance of the first hundred meters); (3) instability of the pillars and remote target required to determine magnetic declination; (4) changes of observers and their weak qualification. Significant methodological problems arise if MO is moved to new location without special activity or infrastructure of MO (pavilions or pillars) is changed without careful control. For long-term stability and reliability of measurements, magnetic observatories were joined in IAGA network and then INTERMAGNET. Within these networks, requirements and standards have been defined, absolute magnetometers are compared every two years and observers are being trained. Modern hardware technologies allow to solve partially problems the automation of absolute observations, the self-calibration of the magnetometers, the checking of the MO’s magnetic environment, etc. Fully automated measurement systems help to expand the MO network.
Protective Role of Casuarinin from Melaleuca leucadendra against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats
Authors: Al-Sayed Eman , Michel Haidy E. , Khattab Mohamed Abdelrazik , El-Shazly Mohamed , Singab Abdel Nasser
Published: November 2019

Gastric ulcer is a major health problem. Current treatment options of gastric ulcer, including antagonists of histamine H2 receptor and inhibitors of the proton pump, do not cure gastric ulcers, but only provide temporary relief of symptoms and can be associated with severe side effects. The lack of effective and safe medications for this global health problem urges for the discovery of novel classes of compounds with potent activity and an acceptable safety profile. Ethanol-induced ulceration in rats was used to evaluate the gastroprotective activity of casuarinin, an ellagitannin isolated from Melaleuca leucadendra. Casuarinin (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) reduced the ulcer area by 45, 78, and 99%, respectively, compared with the ulcer group. Casuarinin (100 mg/kg) increased mucin content by 1.8-fold and reduced acidity by 42%. At the same dose, it also increased the levels of reduced glutathione by 194%, catalase by 586%, and prostaglandin E2 to its normal level. In contrast, it attenuated the ethanol-increased levels of malondialdehyde by 56%, TNF-α by 58%, and caspase-3 by 87%. Histological findings demonstrated that casuarinin exhibited a protective effect against tissue alterations in response to the ethanol-induced ulcer. Casuarinin suppressed the immunoexpression of nuclear factor-kappa B, cyclooxygenase-2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase to their normal values. It also induced the expression of heat shock protein-70, reaching up to 4.9-fold in comparison with the ulcer group. The potent gastroprotective effect of casuarinin was thus attributed to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic effects. Our results suggest the potential application of casuarinin as an antiulcer agent from natural sources.
Redo Bentall’s Procedure for Annuloaortic Ectasia with Severe Aortic Regurgitation: A Video Presentation
Authors: Sankhyan Lakshmi Kumari , Chowdhury Ujjwal K. , George Niwin , Singh Sukhjeet , Gudala Vasubabu , Gayatri B Sushma , Kapoor Poonam Malhotra
Published: November 2019

A 25-year old female patient with repaired ventricular septal defect and aortic valvular reconstruction underwent successful aortic root replacement using a composite graft with mechanical valve.
Imaginary agents exist perceptually for children but not for adults
Authors: Moriguchi Yusuke , Kanakogi Yasuhiro , Okumura Yuko , Shinohara Ikuko , Itakura Shoji , Shimojo Shinsuke
Published: November 2019

Mental imagery refers to representations and the accompanying experience of sensory information in the absence of appropriate sensory input. Little is known about children’s social imagery, imagery about an agent. It is possible that children’s social imagery may qualitatively differ from that of adults by involving more perceptual characteristics. We conducted three experiments to investigate the perceptual existence of social imagery when induced by verbal cues. Experiment 1 was a precondition for Experiments 2 and 3, and we examined whether children’s and adults’ predictive eye movements were disrupted by the presence of a real person’s face. Preschool children (n = 20) and adults (n = 20) watched a video where a woman, with/without her face shown, placed balls into a bucket. Participants’ gazes were less predictive of the woman’s actions in ‘Face’ versus ‘No-Face’ videos, indirectly indicating the perceptual presence of agents. Next, we examined whether adults’ and children’s predictive eye movements were affected by imagining a person. In Experiment 2, adult participants were presented with a video where the balls moved automatically and were asked to either watch the video (Ball condition,n = 20) or imagine that an invisible person moved the balls (Imagination condition,n = 20). Adult gazes did not differ between conditions. However, in Experiment 3, preschool children’s gazes were less predictive when imagining an invisible person’s actions (Invisible condition,n = 20) than when not imagining anything (Ball condition,n = 20) or when imagining an object (Fan condition,n = 20). The results suggest that children experience realistic social imagery induced by verbal cues.
Spiral microfluidic devices for cell separation and sorting in bioprocesses
Authors: Herrmann N. , Neubauer P. , Birkholz M.
Published: November 2019

Inertial microfluidic systems have been arousing interest in medical applications due to their simple and cost-efficient use. However, comparably small sample volumes in the microliter and milliliter ranges have so far prevented efficient applications in continuous bioprocesses. Nevertheless, recent studies suggest that these systems are well suited for cell separation in bioprocesses because of their facile adaptability to various reactor sizes and cell types. This review will discuss potential applications of inertial microfluidic cell separation systems in downstream bioprocesses and depict recent advances in inertial microfluidics for bioprocess intensification. This review thereby focusses on spiral microchannels that separate particles at a moderate Reynolds number in a laminar flow (Re < 2300) according to their size by applying lateral hydrodynamic forces. Spiral microchannels have already been shown to be capable of replacing microfilters, extracting dead cells and debris in perfusion processes, and removing contaminant microalgae species. Recent advances in parallelization made it possible to process media on a liter-scale, which might pave the way toward industrial applications.
Identification of new hardy ferns that preferentially accumulate light rare earth elements: a conserved trait within fern species
Authors: Grosjean Nicolas , Blaudez Damien , Chalot Michel , Gross Elisabeth Maria , Le Jean Marie
Published: November 2019

Environmental contextRare earth elements (REEs) are strategic metals and emerging contaminants for which plant-based remediation measures are needed. We screened a collection of hardy ferns and identified new accumulator species that preferentially transferred light REEs to their fronds. This study is an important step towards understanding the mechanisms of REE accumulation in plants.
AbstractRare earth elements (REEs) include the lanthanides plus yttrium and scandium, and can be split according to their atomic mass into light (LREEs) and heavy REEs (HREEs). The increasing demand for REEs is mainly driven by new technologies, and their current low recyclability has led them to become emerging contaminants. The identification of new REE accumulators may help in determining the REE transfer mechanisms and may result in interesting candidates for phytoremediation techniques. To that end, a collection of 49 hardy fern species, grown in REE-spiked substrate, were screened for their potential in REE accumulation. REE concentrations were very low in the fronds of all Polypodium species, whereas all Athyrium species highly accumulated REEs. The REE accumulation level was more variable among the different species of Dryopteris, Blechnum, Woodwardia, Cystopteris and Polystichum. However, whatever the species, LREEs were preferentially transferred to the fronds over HREEs. This conserved trait was independent of the availability of different REEs in the substrate and instead may arise from specific transfer systems in ferns for the two groups of REEs. Furthermore, REE accumulation was correlated to Ca and Al, which suggested the existence of common uptake pathways. Altogether, these results are of great interest for phytoremediation purposes since appropriate species can be chosen according to the area to be remediated, and they also provide new insights into a more in-depth characterisation of the underlying REE accumulation mechanisms in ferns.
Covariation of diet and gut microbiome in African megafauna
Authors: Kartzinel Tyler R. , Hsing Julianna C. , Musili Paul M. , Brown Bianca R. P. , Pringle Robert M.
Published: November 2019

A major challenge in biology is to understand how phylogeny, diet, and environment shape the mammalian gut microbiome. Yet most studies of nonhuman microbiomes have relied on relatively coarse dietary categorizations and have focused either on individual wild populations or on captive animals that are sheltered from environmental pressures, which may obscure the effects of dietary and environmental variation on microbiome composition in diverse natural communities. We analyzed plant and bacterial DNA in fecal samples from an assemblage of 33 sympatric large-herbivore species (27 native, 6 domesticated) in a semiarid East African savanna, which enabled high-resolution assessment of seasonal variation in both diet and microbiome composition. Phylogenetic relatedness strongly predicted microbiome composition (
r
= 0.91) and was weakly but significantly correlated with diet composition (
r
= 0.20). Dietary diversity did not significantly predict microbiome diversity across species or within any species except kudu; however, diet composition was significantly correlated with microbiome composition both across and within most species. We found a spectrum of seasonal sensitivity at the diet−microbiome nexus: Seasonal changes in diet composition explained 25% of seasonal variation in microbiome composition across species. Species’ positions on (and deviations from) this spectrum were not obviously driven by phylogeny, body size, digestive strategy, or diet composition; however, domesticated species tended to exhibit greater diet−microbiome turnover than wildlife. Our results reveal marked differences in the influence of environment on the degree of diet−microbiome covariation in free-ranging African megafauna, and this variation is not well explained by canonical predictors of nutritional ecology.