bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Calling Moose: A Mid-Nineteenth-Century Example of Northern Tutchone Scapulimancy from Fort Selkirk, Yukon
Authors: Castillo Victoria Elena
Published: February 2025

Fort Selkirk, Yukon, was a site of contact between Northern Tutchone people and Hudson’s Bay Company fur traders in the mid-nineteenth century. During archaeological excavations in 2006, this article’s author recovered a unique moose (Alces alces) scapula, which provides evidence of early contact period Northern Tutchone hunting techniques and scapulimancy. A zoomorphic etching on the surface of the scapula depicts a large male ungulate, probably a moose, along with an arrow in flight by its head. To understand the context and significance of this artifact, the author interviewed Selkirk First Nation (Northern Tutchone) Elder Mr. Roger Alfred. He focused his responses on the scapula’s construction, its use, and the etching’s significance. By using a holistic approach that combines ethnohistorical information, and an oral ethnoarchaeology interview, this article offers insight into the cultural practices that Indigenous hunters use to call and locate moose in the North American subarctic. The Fort Selkirk scapula is a unique tangible example.
Port Cities, Creative Cities
Authors: Edwards Brian T. , Ksikes Driss
Published: February 2025

This essay describes a project launched by the authors in 2020 in multiple port cities. Part manifesto, part interim report, the essay advances three claims about the distinctiveness and potentialities of port cities. First, they share both positive and negative characteristics. On the negative axis, port cities struggle with environmental crisis, susceptibility to epidemics, and endemic forms of crime, poverty, and corruption. On the positive axis, they are distinguished by high levels of multilingualism, social relationality, cosmopolitanism, and creativity. Crossing both axes, water is a key force, as metaphor, energy, and threat. Second, port cities are typically exceptional to the nations to which they pertain, frequently occupying the status of a “minor” city in any given national or regional imaginary, even while part of colonial and postcolonial tensions. As such, they function as nodes across a global network of minor realms. Third, their capacity for resilience and their potential for survival in the face of existential challenges are derived from a concentration of “organic connectors.” The authors define the concept of the “organic connector” and argue for its role in positive social and cultural change. Having established this set of characteristics, the essay lays out a methodology for activist, collaborative research.
Contesting the Residue: Bandits, Collective Hamlets, and Japanese Colonialism in Manchuria
Authors: Zhang Yuanfang
Published: February 2025

This article examines the containment of the dispossessed Chinese peasants through the mechanism of the collective hamlet in Japan-occupied Manchuria in the 1930s. To alleviate its internal recession, Japan initiated the agrarian emigration project and sent farmers to Manchukuo, a puppet state of the Japanese Empire. What followed was the expropriation of local Chinese peasants and the grabbing of their land by Japan to facilitate the distribution of land to Japanese immigrants. This resulted in the phenomenon of dispossessed Chinese peasants, which further entailed the colonial control of these people through a specific mechanism, the collective hamlet. The article examines the colonial knowledge surrounding the collective hamlet in relation to the discourse of bandits. It interrogates how the village embodied a new social relation centering on the rights of land use and land ownership. It investigates how the collective hamlet served as a means of normalization, rather than elimination, of the banditry, which appropriated the existence of bandits as an important component of the economy in the areas where dispossession and expropriation took place.
Deep Brain Stimulation Electrode Deviations are Associated With Brain Stiffness Interfaces Measured by Magnetic Resonance Elastography
Authors: Wu Chengyuan , Alizadeh Mahdi , Kramer Mary K. , Kroen Matthew B. , Ziechmann Robert , Mohamed Feroze B. , Wu Qianhong , Johnson Curtis L.
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

The efficacy of deep brain stimulation (DBS) relies on accurate electrode placement. Unfortunately, electrode deviation poses a persistent problem, with most electrodes demonstrating some degree of bending. Although such bending does not always result in target deviation, an estimated 3% to 8% of patients still require revision surgery to address suboptimal electrode placement. DBS electrode deviation may occur at mechanical tissue interfaces, with denser internal capsule (IC) fibers being the most likely factor. Based on basic principles of physics, we hypothesized that the angle of a planned trajectory relative to tissue interfaces created by the IC induces deviation.

METHODS:

Ten patients with Parkinson disease scheduled for DBS surgery underwent preoperative 3T magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) using synchronized external vibrations to measure brain tissue stiffness. The IC stiffness interface (ICSI) was defined as the transition between the corona radiata and IC on MRE. The rate of transition was calculated as the change in stiffness across the ICSI. Postoperative computed tomography was used to measure target deviation. The angle of approach was calculated as the angle between the planned trajectory and the normal vector to the ICSI. Pearson correlations and t-tests were performed to evaluate associations between the angle of approach and target deviation.

RESULTS:

Twenty-one electrode trajectories were analyzed. The mean electrode deviation was 1.27 ± 0.63 mm. A significant correlation (r = 0.57, 95% CI [0.18, 0.80], P = .007) was found between angle of approach and target deviation, with larger angles associated with greater deviations. The rate of transition did not correlate with deviation (P = .874).

CONCLUSION:

MRE effectively quantifies in vivo brain tissue stiffness in Parkinson disease. The angle between the planned trajectory and the ICSI correlates with target deviation, supporting the hypothesis that tissue mechanics influence electrode bending. MRE has potential to quantify the likelihood of DBS electrode deviation, which could reduce revision surgeries and enhance clinical outcomes.
High-resolution, high-throughput analysis of Drosophila geotactic behavior
Authors: Canic Tijana , Lopez Juan , Ortiz-Vega Natalie , Zhai R. Grace , Syed Sheyum
Published: February 2025

Drosophila’s innate response to gravity, geotaxis, has been used to assess the impact of aging and disease on motor performance. Despite its rich history, fly geotaxis continues to be largely measured manually and assessed through simplistic metrics, limiting analytic insights into the behavior. Here, we have constructed a fully programmable apparatus and developed a multi-object tracking software capable of following sub-second movements of individual flies, thus allowing quantitative analysis of geotaxis. The apparatus monitors 10 fly cohorts simultaneously, with each cohort consisting of up to 7 flies. The software tracks single flies during the entire run with ∼97% accuracy, yielding detailed climbing curve, speed and movement direction with 1/30 s resolution. Our tracking permits the construction of multi-variable metrics and the detection of transitory movement phenotypes, such as slips and falls. The platform is therefore poised to advance Drosophila geotaxis assay into a comprehensive assessment of locomotor behavior.
Integrating flight mechanics, energetics and migration ecology in vertebrates
Authors: Hedenström Anders
Published: February 2025

Animal locomotion is constrained by Newtonian laws of motion and therefore biomechanics is a useful approach for quantitative analysis of force and power requirements. Aerial locomotion in vertebrates is no exception, and arguably the most significant developments are to be found in this journal. Evolutionary birds and bats are very successful groups, doubtless largely because of their ability to shift location in a short time. This has enabled birds and to a lesser extent bats to perform seasonal long-distance migrations between habitats suitable for reproduction and survival. Power required to fly and potential flight range in relation to fuel load are two fundamental relationships derived from flight mechanics, which both serve as a foundation for the development of optimal migration theory. From this framework where biomechanics, energetics and ecology combine, we can analyse which of the alternative strategies migrants adopt. Such adaptive behaviours include the selection of optimal flight speed and the migratory travel itinerary. However, despite decades of research efforts, there are still many unsolved problems concerning flight mechanics and energetics of vertebrate flight. One such is how the power–speed relationship maps onto metabolic rate during flight, the so-called energy conversion efficiency. There is conflicting empirical evidence concerning how energy conversion possibly varies with flight speed, body mass and body size. As ultimately it is the metabolic energy consumption that is under selection pressure, this is an urgent question for the utility of flight mechanical principles in ecology. In this Review, I discuss this and other knowledge gaps in vertebrate flight and migration.
Adverse Events during a 12-Month Multisite Dose–Response Aerobic Exercise Intervention
Authors: Vidoni Eric D. , Grove George , Szabo-Reed Amanda N. , Key Mickeal N. , Huang Haiqing , Burns Jeffrey M. , Hillman Charles H. , Jakicic John M. , Kang Chaeryon , Kramer Arthur F. , McAuley Edward , Wan Lu , Thomas Tera , White Sydney S. , Erickson Kirk I.
Published: February 2025

Introduction

This study aimed to assess the incidence of adverse events (AE) in older adults participating in a yearlong exercise intervention, investigate potential dose–response relationships between exercise duration and AE frequency, and identify demographic factors associated with AE risk.

Methods

A total of 648 older adults were randomized into one of three exercise groups: low-intensity stretching and toning (S&T), 150 min of aerobic exercise per week (150Ex), or 225 min of aerobic exercise per week (225Ex). Adverse events were tracked during the intervention, with event rates calculated based on participant adherence and time in the study. Generalized linear models were employed to compare AE incidence across groups. Post hoc comparisons were used to calculate incidence rate ratios (IRR) for AE between groups, adjusting for multiple comparisons.

Results

Overall, 306 AEs were reported, with 44% related to the intervention. No significant dose–response relationship was observed for all-cause AE between groups. However, intervention-related AEs were more frequent in the aerobic exercise groups. Participants in the 150Ex group had a 77% higher rate of intervention-related AE than the S&T group, and the 225Ex group had an 88% higher rate than the S&T group. Higher adherence was associated with fewer all-cause AE, and greater comorbid burden was associated with more AE.

Conclusions

Although aerobic exercise increased the risk of intervention-related AE, the overall risk of all-cause AE was not found to be different across exercise intensities. Higher adherence to the exercise regimen was associated with fewer AE. These findings suggest that aerobic exercise is generally safe in older adults, with the benefits outweighing the risks.
A convergência de marketing preditivo, data-driven marketing e inteligência artificial
Authors: Toledo Luciano Augusto , Leon Felix Hugo Aguero Diaz , Sá Daniella Guimarães Bergamini de
Published: February 2025

Este artigo investiga a convergência entre marketing preditivo, Data-Driven Marketing (DDM) e inteligência artificial (IA), destacando como essa integração está remodelando as estratégias de marketing e a gestão empresarial. A pesquisa evidencia os benefícios dessa abordagem, como a personalização das experiências do consumidor, a previsibilidade de comportamentos de mercado e a eficiência operacional, com exemplos práticos de empresas como Netflix e Amazon, que utilizam algoritmos para engajar e fidelizar clientes. Além disso, o estudo aborda a adoção do DDM em setores como varejo e saúde, nos quais se torna um diferencial competitivo. Contudo, a implementação dessas tecnologias enfrenta desafios significativos, incluindo a necessidade de garantir a qualidade dos dados, superar barreiras culturais e atender a regulamentações como a LGPD e o GDPR. Questões éticas, como viés algorítmico e concentração de informações, também são discutidas, ressaltando a importância de uma abordagem responsável. O artigo conclui que o futuro do marketing preditivo e do DDM é promissor, com a expectativa de que tecnologias emergentes, como IA explicável, computação quântica e Internet das Coisas (IoT), ampliem as capacidades de personalização e previsão. A colaboração entre empresas, governos e academia é considerada essencial para o desenvolvimento de práticas éticas. Em suma, a integração dessas ferramentas representa uma transformação estrutural que redefine o uso de dados e tecnologia, com potencial significativo para impactar indústrias e políticas públicas.
Unlocking the Power of AI: Healthcare Workforce Perception and Its Impact on their Work Performance in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Kumar Rakesh , Singh Ajay , Ahmed Kassar Ahmed Subahi , Ismail Humaida Mohammed , Joshi Sudhanshu , Sharma Manu
Published: February 2025

Objective: To investigate the perception of AI among the healthcare workforce and its impact on their performance, with technology readiness acting as a moderating factor.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a close-ended, self-administered survey questionnaire was used between 02 June to 04 August, 2024 to collect responses from 434 participants working in the public hospitals in Hail health cluster in Saudi Arabia. The study employed demographic summaries, descriptive statistics, regression analysis using Hayes’ Process, and regression diagnostics for data analysis. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 27.
Results: The participant demographics indicated a majority of male respondents from the medical field, primarily aged between 36-45 years. Most participants had 9-10 or more years of experience in their current position and held graduate degrees in the healthcare sector of Saudi Arabia. Regression analysis using Hayes’ Process showed an insignificant negative impact of AI perception on workforce performance (β_1 = -0.0062, p = .315). However, technology readiness significantly moderated this effect, turning it into a positive and significant impact (β_3 = 0.2512, p = .0209).
Conclusion: The study demonstrates that while AI perception alone has a negligible effect on workforce performance, its influence becomes significant when moderated by higher levels of technology readiness. Future research should examine how factors such as organizational culture and resource availability influence AI perceptions in healthcare.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.41.3.11014
How to cite this: Kumar R, Singh A, Kassar ASA, Humaida MI, Joshi S, Sharma M. Unlocking the Power of AI: Healthcare Workforce Perception and Its Impact on their Work Performance in Saudi Arabia. Pak J Med Sci. 2025;41(3):682-686. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.41.3.11014
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The impact of environmental programs on the knowledge, attitude change and behavior of primary education students
Authors: Κώστα Αικατερίνη
Published: February 2025

Η διδακτορική διατριβή εξετάζει την επίδραση των περιβαλλοντικών προγραμμάτων στη γνώση, την αλλαγή στάσεων και τη συμπεριφορά των μαθητών πρωτοβάθμιας εκπαίδευσης. Το έργο αυτό αναδεικνύει τη σημασία της περιβαλλοντικής εκπαίδευσης ως εργαλείου για την ενίσχυση της περιβαλλοντικής συνείδησης και τη διαμόρφωση βιώσιμων συμπεριφορών από μικρή ηλικία. Η έρευνα διερευνά πώς οι μαθητές επηρεάζονται από τη συμμετοχή τους σε προγράμματα που προάγουν τη γνώση των οικολογικών αρχών και τη σύνδεσή τους με τη φύση. Τα αποτελέσματα δείχνουν ότι τα προγράμματα περιβαλλοντικής εκπαίδευσης, ιδιαίτερα όταν περιλαμβάνουν υπαίθριες δραστηριότητες, βελτιώνουν σημαντικά τη γνώση και τη σύνδεση των μαθητών με τη φύση. Η έρευνα προτείνει ότι η επανάληψη αυτών των προγραμμάτων μπορεί να ενισχύσει περαιτέρω τις θετικές στάσεις και συμπεριφορές προς το περιβάλλον, συμβάλλοντας στην ανάπτυξη υπεύθυνων και περιβαλλοντικά ευαισθητοποιημένων πολιτών.
Emprendimientos rurales liderados por mujeres en Tumaco (Nariño): análisis de factores asociados a su configuración y sostenibilidad
Authors: Santacruz Pinza Lizet Johanna , Antón Rubio Concha , Cuero Acosta Yonni Ángel , Gaitán Bohórquez Julio César , Grueso Hinestroza Merlin Patricia , López-Santamaría Mónica , Ortega Almonacid Francisco David , Velandia Sánchez Juliana , Varela Valencia Karen Lorena , Yurrebaso Macho Amaia
Published: February 2025

En este capítulo, se presenta un análisis de los factores individuales y socioculturales que pueden influir en la configuración y sostenibilidad de los emprendimientos rurales femeninos identificados en Tumaco (Colombia), a partir de la experiencia obtenida en un proyecto de investigación. El estudio se enmarca en una investigación de tipo cualitativo bajo un diseño fenomenológico, para lo cual se emplearon diversas estrategias de recolección de información, tales como entrevistas abiertas informales a representantes del ecosistema de emprendimiento de Tumaco, un taller reflexivo con mujeres emprendedoras y revisión sistemática de información secundaria. Los resultados alcanzados, a partir del contraste de la información obtenida, giran en torno a la dinámica del emprendimiento femenino en Tumaco y la reflexión desde dos dimensiones de análisis: socioculturales e individuales sobre la actividad emprendedora de las mujeres en este municipio. Finalmente, esta investigación aporta a la discusión académica y científica que cada vez despierta más interés.
Desarrollo Rural Usme Mujer: propuesta de un emprendimiento asociativo solidario dinámico
Authors: Rodríguez Parra Patricia , Rodríguez Pardo Diego
Published: February 2025

Las mujeres en condición de vulnerabilidad de Usme Rural de Bogotá cuentan con historias de vida de esfuerzo e intereses comunes como tener una vivienda propia, estabilidad laboral, educación, salud para ellas y sus familias, lo cual las lleva a buscar estrategias que les permitan cumplir metas de vida. Por este motivo, los objetivos de este capítulo son, por un lado, presentar los talantes centrales que permiten a la academia y empresa privada apoyar a la comunidad en la reingeniería social de su territorio, fomentando el cambio socioeconómico a partir de la articulación de las organizaciones alrededor de la comunidad, visualizándolas como protagonistas de su propio progreso. Por otro, describir los componentes conceptuales y metodológicos, referentes valiosos para el establecimiento de una ruta de empoderamiento. Los resultados de esta caracterización no distan de la mayoría de poblaciones vulnerables: aspectos endógenos y exógenos son determinantes de la productividad, y ello permite ver una realidad del campo cundinamarqués.
Tejer voces de negocios verdes: experiencias multiactores para un ecosistema de emprendimiento sostenible en la región caribe
Authors: Marrugo-Salas Lina , Pérez-Morón James
Published: February 2025

Se presenta la iniciativa Green Business Talks que se origina en el Nodo Regional de Negocios Verdes y confluyen los diferentes actores del ecosistema de emprendimiento. Se muestra una experiencia significativa liderada por una universidad colombiana que le apuesta a los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible con cuatro versiones ejecutadas donde han participado 42 negocios verdes (62 % mujeres), siete autoridades ambientales de la región caribe y dos universidades internacionales de México y Brasil. Desde la percepción de diferentes grupos de interés, se observa una contribución al fortalecimiento del espíritu empresarial, interculturalidad y la educación para el desarrollo sostenible, así como una mayor promoción y visibilización de los negocios verdes desde un enfoque innovador, “historias inspiradoras”. Por último, es una práctica replicable que refleja cómo diferentes actores articulados pueden remar hacia un objetivo común poniendo a disposición sus recursos disponibles y su saber hacer.
From Church Leadership to Firm Leadership: Religion of Early State Residents, State Institutions, and Present-Day Corporate Female Executives
Authors: Qiao Kunyuan
Published: February 2025

I argue that early residents of a U.S. state have left imprints in the state constitution to reflect their religious preferences. Such imprints help explain the varying constitutions across U.S. states, which in turn affect the present-day female representation in corporate leadership. Analyzing a firm-level data set supplemented by a state-level sample and extensive robustness checks, I find that the prevalence of Protestantism at the time of a U.S. state’s admission to the Union is positively related to female representation in the leadership teams of S&P 1500 firms. One mechanism for the persistence of the Protestant imprinting is state constitutions’ emphasis on equality issues. In addition, the historical Catholic immigration to different states, serving as a counter-imprinting force, has weakened this effect. My study contributes to imprinting theory by considering dynamics and developing a regional-level institutional imprinting perspective. I also contribute to a more nuanced understanding of historical antecedents and contemporary firm consequences of subnational institutions, tracing the persistent heterogeneities among firms to some deep historical roots.
Building strong relationships
Authors: Gardner Emma
Published: February 2025

Food poverty is a growing issue amid the cost of living crisis. Emma Gardner, Early Years and Childhood Quality Manager at Spring by Action for Children shares more about how their settings are supporting families.
Back to work
Authors: Taylor Lorna
Published: February 2025

New research shows nearly all early years staff suffer from of musculoskeletal pain. In this third article in a series, physiotherapist and founder of Jolly Back, Lorna Taylor, shares more about how to manage and prevent back pain when working with children aged two and over.
Comparison of Different Machine Learning Algorithms in the Mental Health Assessment of College Students
Authors: Cai Yongsen , Lin Danling , Lu Qing
Published: February 2025

This paper assesses college students’ mental health based on the symptom checklist 90 (SCL-90). In view of the assessment data processing and analysis, the performance of different machine learning algorithms, including random forest (RF), LightGBM3, extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), in the classification of college students’ mental health samples was compared. Moreover, the effect of different hyperparameter optimization methods (grid search, Bayesian optimization, and particle swarm optimization) was compared. The experiment on the SCL-90 assessment dataset found that the optimization effect of grid search was poor, and the highest F1 value and area under the curve (AUC) of the RF algorithm were 0.8914 and 0.9384, respectively, the highest F1 and AUC values of the XGBoost algorithm were 0.9166 and 0.9551, respectively. The LightGBM algorithm optimized by particle swarm optimization showed the best performance in the classification of mental health samples, with an F1 value of 0.9790 and an AUC of 0.9945. It also achieved optimal results when compared to machine learning algorithms such as naive Bayes and the support vector machines. The results prove the reliability and accuracy of the particle swarm optimization-improved LightGBM algorithm in the analysis of college students’ mental health assessment data. The algorithm can be applied in practice to provide an effective tool for the analysis of the mental health assessment data of college students.
Liminal Spaces between Fiction and Nonfiction in the Picturebooks of Gustavo Puerta Leisse and Elena Odriozola
Authors: Carratala Francisco Antonio Martínez , Miras Sebastián
Published: February 2025

Abstract: Multimodal book design is a key element in nonfiction picturebooks, as it offers aesthetic experiences through the interdependence of linguistic and visual modes that transcends the differentiation between what is fictional and what is not. Most recently, creators and publishers have explored the interaction of text, design, and image in nonfiction picturebooks in ways that have drawn the attention of academic researchers. This study analyzes various literary, artistic, and semiotic aspects of Gustavo Puerta Leisse and Elena Odriozola’s Sentimientos encontrados ( Mixed Feelings ) and Lecciones de cosas: un universo de andar por casa ( Lessons on Things: A Down-to-Earth Universe ). Our analysis shows how these works explore the structure of informational/nonfictional books. The books aim to cater to the inquisitive and imaginative spirit of childhood by offering young readers new interpretative spaces that may stimulate questions and spark fresh responses.
Nonfiction Texts as a Biocultural Conservation Trigger
Authors: Casals-Hill Andrea , Muñoz-Concha Diego , Díaz Ximena Quiñones
Published: February 2025

Abstract: This study analyzes the pedagogical potential of two Chilean nonfiction picturebooks centered on biocultural diversity conservation, exploring traditional Mapuche farming practices and connections with their language, Mapuzugun. We examine the strategies used to convey meaning (narrative, visual, design, and so on) and we assess the books from a disciplinary perspective in terms of the agricultural information being conveyed.
Exilio e imaginación geográfica del liberalismo colombiano: Santiago Pérez Triana escapa por los Llanos orientales
Authors: Hogan Dennis M.
Published: February 2025

Abstract: This essay examines the geographic imagination of Colombian writer Santiago Pérez Triana (1858–1916) through his travel narrative De Bogotá al Atlántico (1897). A Liberal during the conservative dictatorship of Miguel Antonio Caro, Pérez Triana was forced to flee Bogotá amidst a climate of political persecution: he traveled by river through the scantly populated Llanos of Colombia and Venezuela to evade government detection and escape the country. Pérez Triana lived the rest of his life in exile. This essay argues that Pérez Triana imagines a new plan for economic development and Liberal political resurgence in Colombia, one that depends upon massively developing the rivers to achieve a more complete circulation of people, ideas, and cultural objects throughout the country. Pérez Triana's work recalls earlier Liberal writing about the Magdalena River, which had been imagined as a site of nation-building cultural encounters by Liberal writers of the mid-nineteenth century. In this way, Pérez Triana looks nostalgically on the country he has fled while planning for a return to a Liberal Colombia that could make good use of both its human and natural resources. Pérez Triana's involvement in international politics from exile is also explored, including his later rapprochement with the Colombian government, as well as his influence on British literature.
La errancia y la muerte de Claudio de Alas (1886–1918)
Authors: Espitia Juan Carlos GonzáLez
Published: February 2025

Abstract: The life and work of Claudio de Alas, pseudonym of the Colombian author Jorge Escobar Uribe, is marked by wandering. This essay follows displacement in the poet's life and the repose of death as a pervasive image in his writing. An exploration of the experience of exile in this minor literary figure functions as a counterpoint and comparison with displacement as a central mark of other Spanish American writers in the second half of the nineteenth century. The essay develops a discussion of Alas's form of exile in which coming back to the origin is not a central feature, thus contravening an interpretation of exile as linked to nostos, the mythical theme of the Western classical tradition in which the wanderer strives to arrive favorably, and his story is distilled into a heroic narrative.
Escrituras desterradas y formas de extranjería: Los recuentos sobre el Perú de los franceses Camille Pradier-Fodéré (1897) y Carlos Prince (1913)
Authors: Morales-Pino Ainaí
Published: February 2025

Abstract: Lima y sus alrededores (1897), by French lawyer Camille Pradier-Fodéré, and Mi estancia de medio siglo en Lima (1913), by French editor and typographer Carlos Prince, refer to the capital city of Peru. Pradier-Fodéré's text, written in French almost a decade after leaving Peru, combines costumbrista manual features with the memoir. Prince's text is an autobiographical and bibliographical essay written in Lima, in Spanish, recounting his experience living in Peru over fifty years and his bibliographical contributions to the country's history and culture. Prince also expresses his resentment towards Peruvian society because of the lack of interest in his work. In different languages and settings, both authors write about a Lima that feels aloof in various manners: geographical and temporal, in Pradier-Fodéré's text; affective, in Prince's. Whereas Pradier-Fodéré assures that Lima gave him the happiest years of his life, Prince resents spending a lifetime in a nation that paid back with amargas decepciones (bitter disappointments) (20). Their texts reveal the uneasiness, estrangements, and disaffection that underscore the complexity of being foreign. This essay explores these entanglements and their effects through Sylvia Molloy's notion of escribir afuera (writing from outside), which problematizes the concepts of exile and migration by emphasizing, instead, the sense of displacement.
Las "tretas del débil" en las cartas ranqueles: Estrategias discursivas para combatir el extrañamiento
Authors: Chiaramonte María Florencia
Published: February 2025

Abstract: During the 1870s, the Ranqueles leaders exchanged numerous letters with the missionaries in charge of the reducciones in the southern border of Córdoba, Argentina. In the 1980s, historian Marcela Tamagnini recovered many of these letters from a conventual archive in the city of Río Cuarto, Argentina, including testimonials of the interethnic relations between indigenous people and the socalled Christians. Tamagnini compiled and published this material under the title Cartas de frontera in 1994. Focusing on the self-representation articulated by indigenous leaders, this article proposes a reading of the letters as documents of war. Driven by their wish to mediate between their people and the State and facing the push of the Argentine-state to evict them and take over their lands, the Ranqueles leaders assumed, through writing, numerous strategical roles, including political-affective tactics. Indigenous addressers resignified western tropes and motives in their letters, using them as artillery, like "weapons of the weak" (J. Ludmer, J. Scott), to project themselves as non-obsolete and useful subjectivities, to appeal to the empathy of the recipients, to secure the continuity of the peace treaties, and, thus, to prolong their sovereign existence in the land they had inhabited for centuries.
The New Sea Food: Fashion, Waste, and Microplastics
Authors: Cullen Makalé
Published: February 2025

Abstract: This article delves into the ecological and human impacts of microplastics originating from textile waste, examining their infiltration into marine ecosystems and the food chain—in particular fish caught in Southern waters and enjoyed on Southern tables. Through a futurist lens influenced by Lynn Margulis’s theories of symbiosis and evolution, Cullen’s essay explores how marine organisms adapt to synthetic fiber pollution and considers the potential for biomimicry and bioengineering as solutions. By highlighting the global repercussions of fast fashion, Cullen’s narrative opens space for a productive critique of waste colonialism, proposing a deeper ecological and cultural reflection on textile production, consumption, and identity. Insights from visits to Ghana’s Kantamanto Market and discussions with textile artist and engineer Emmanuel Aggrey of the Noldor Residency in Accra, Ghana, offer a call to reimagine sustainable practices in art, landscape and industry.
Lifecycles of the Loray: Adaptive Reuse and Historic Value
Authors: Gaddis Elijah
Published: February 2025

Abstract: This article examines the growth, development, and evolution of historic value through a case study of the Loray Mill in Gastonia, North Carolina. Focusing on the first century of the building, it examines the tension between user-centered and capitalist valuation of places. This work incorporates research from oral histories, municipal and company archives, and urban planning and development records. Over the course of the building, use, and later redevelopment of the mill complex, narratives of value were developed as explanatory justifications for exploitation of workers and natural resources. Adaptive reuse projects make both economic and narrative use of the histories of place in a process that rearticulates those older justifications in the contemporary language of marketing and placemaking. This essay focuses on the complex definitions of historic value in a single place as an example of a larger process being repeated throughout the southern United States and beyond.
Weaving New Stories: Berea Student Craft
Authors: Miller Erin , Croft Emerson , Hilliard Emily
Published: February 2025

Abstract: Founded in 1855 in Berea, Kentucky, Berea College was the first integrated and coeducational school in the South. Since 1893, the college has managed a Student Craft program (formerly Fireside Industries) as part of the college’s Labor Program and designation as a federally recognized work college. Students who work in Student Craft produce woven and quilted textiles, brooms, wooden objects, and ceramics, which the college sells to support its tuition-free promise. In turn, the students earn a scholarship direct payment. In this article, Berea College folklorist Emily Hilliard interviews Director of Weaving and Assistant Creative Director of Berea Student Craft Erin Miller and Weaving Manager and Berea alum Emerson Croft about the history of the Student Craft and Weaving program at Berea, new projects and initiatives, and the impact of the program’s recent shift to incorporate more student-led design.
Rereading Richard Crashaw's Opportune Emblem "To the Countess of Denbigh" (1652)
Authors: Skouen Tina
Published: February 2025

Abstract: This article challenges the standing interpretation of Richard Crashaw's poem "To the Countess of Denbigh" (1652) by reviewing its literary and historical backgrounds. Instead of regarding the poem primarily as an attempt to convert the assumed patron, I treat it as an emblem that turns its very occasion—the kairos —into its major theme. The article raises new questions about the poem's purpose by considering the importance of the historical figure Susan Feilding, Countess of Denbigh (1591?–1655). Reading her letters alongside Crashaw's poem for the first time reveals how both writers employ powerful rhetoric to convert their addressees.
SEL: The Interview
Authors: Klein Joel A.
Published: February 2025

Abstract: This interview features Joel A. Klein, Molina Curator for the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, at The Huntington Library, Art Museum, and Botanical Gardens, San Marino, California. Klein shares his experience in digital humanities projects and curatorial work, his favorite sixteenth-century museum items, and the importance of library collections. " SEL : The Interview" is a recurring feature of the journal that puts the editors in direct conversation with professionals whose training and education is in literary analysis and scholarship but who work outside of or adjacent to faculty positions.
What They Didn't Film: American Immigrant Sensibility in Charles Simic's Poetry
Authors: Gery John
Published: February 2025

Abstract: Charles Simic's early life and emigration from Yugoslavia could hardly have predicted the poet he would become, developing a poetic style that has distinguished him among American poets. Rather than simply tell his own immigrant history, Simic's poems aspire to create a disoriented world for his readers. Nevertheless, because of its oblique slant on contemporary life, Simic's poetry, in fact, articulates the paradox of immigrant experience in a way that aligns him with other immigrant poets throughout American history. Sharing with them a reluctance to embrace American culture, even as they absorb its values, Simic's poems express the internal contradiction of assimilation of and resistance to American culture inherent in the immigrant struggle itself. Indeed, despite (yet because of) Simic's status as an outsider, the dissembling voice in his work that can render the "unintelligible" intelligible has come to influence and reshape American literature itself.
Archives, History, and Memory-Making Films: The Oeuvre of Mila Turajlić
Authors: Daković Nevena
Published: February 2025

Abstract: The paper analyzes the widely acclaimed, internationally popular, and highly awarded oeuvre of Mila Turajlić—the author of Cinema Komunisto (2010), The Other Side of Everything (2017), and Non-Aligned & Ciné-Guerrillas: Scenes from the Labudović Reels (2022)—as the comprehensive re-telling of the various "episodes" of Yugoslavi's history, spanning the period from the interbellum through to WW2 and revolution, the golden 60s and 70s, the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM), the 90s, the wars of the Yugoslav break-up, and the post-Yugoslav times. The history and memory of the various Yugoslavias in the 20th century are seen through the public, private, and family (hi)stories, as "rich in archive" documentaries that neatly outline the transition from history to memory-making narratives. The films are read and analyzed from the interdisciplinary perspective that encompasses theories of post-generational memory, lieux de mémoire , media archaeology, colonial and decolonial rethinking.
Balkan Expert Reuben Markham's 1944 Resignation Protesting U.S. Support for Tito over Mihailovitch
Authors: Van Dyke Jr. Stuart
Published: February 2025

Abstract: Reuben Markham, OWI Deputy Director for the Balkans, spent 1944 in Cairo and Bari, Italy. Described as America's best-informed Balkan expert, he believed the Partisan leaders were committed Communists planning to install a dictatorship. Although recognizing the shortcomings of the interwar regime and Chetnik collaboration, he respected Yugoslavia's contribution to the Allied war effort and was horrified by the massacres against the Serbs. He favored Mihailovitch to prevent a Communist takeover, not believing the Partisan military contribution merited supplying Tito exclusively, while making the Allies complicit in its victory. His arguments against supplying the Partisans reached the highest levels and he helped the August OSS missing to assist the Chetniks. When these efforts failed, he resigned in October 1944. Through his journalism and his 1947 book Tito's Imperial Communism , he publicly presented his positions, based on his life-long experience, his personal involvement, and his wartime access to classified information.
Agamemno suppositus by Pomponius of Bononia: A Few Hypotheses
Authors: Pieczonka Joanna
Published: February 2025

Abstract: The Atellan farce Agamemno suppositus by Pomponius has been identified as a mythological burlesque similar to phlyakes . However, the comic element in this play has not yet been explored. In my article I argue that the participle suppositus suggests modelling of Atellana on palliata as it concerns a suppositio motif (a fraudulent introduction of a child into a family) and that the theme of a heroic infancy might have originated from satyr-plays. I also show a possible connection between the discussed Atellan farce and lex Cornelia de falsis (81 BCE), a law which punished the crime of substitution of a child.
Qua Ex Parte Est Hibernia ? Ireland, the Irish, and Alterity in the Antique Mediterranean Imaginary
Authors: Colvin J.-Michel Reaux
Published: February 2025

Abstract: Ireland's peripheral remove from the Mediterranean core allowed ancient authors to populate this exotic elsewhere with an "imagined geography," an "imagined ethnology," and an "imagined menagerie," absent firsthand evidence about the place. Authors emplace Ireland inconsistently, sometimes to the north of Britain, sometimes to the west. This variance was purposeful and aligns with the rhetorical and compositional ambition of the given author's ethnographic imagination. Authors viewing Ireland as a total repository of dangerous alterity place Ireland northward, and those viewing Ireland with imperial ambition place it westward. Humoral climatology, and the ethnic thinking it engenders, explains this variance.
Proton or photon? Comparison of survival and toxicity of two radiotherapy modalities among pediatric brain cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kiss-Miki Renáta , Obeidat Mahmoud , Máté Vanda , Teutsch Brigitta , Agócs Gergely , Kiss-Dala Szilvia , Hegyi Péter , Kovács Janka , Párniczky Andrea , Tuboly Eszter , Garami Miklós
Published: February 2025

Background

With the introduction of new therapy modalities and the resulting increase in survival rates, childhood brain cancers have become a focal point of research in pediatric oncology. In current protocols, besides surgical resection and chemotherapy, radiotherapy is required to ensure optimal survival. Our aim was to determine which of the two major irradiation options, proton (PT) or photon (XRT), was the least harmful yet effective for children with brain tumors.

Methods

The protocol was registered on PROSPERO in advance (CRD42022374443). A systematic search was performed in four databases (MEDLINE via (PubMed), Embase, Cochrane Library, and Scopus) on 23 April 2024. Odd ratios (OR) and mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using a random-effects model. Survival and six major types of side effects were assessed based on data in the articles and reported using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 5.0. Heterogeneity was assessed using Higgins and Thompson’s I2 statistics.

Results

Altogether, 5848 articles were screened, of which 33 were eligible for data extraction. The 5-year overall survival results showed statistically no significant difference between the two radiotherapy modalities (OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.51–1.23, p = 0.22, I2 = 0%). In terms of toxicity rates, an advantage was found for PT, particularly in terms of chronic endocrine side effects (hypothyroidism OR: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.10–0428, p = 0.002, I2 = 68%), neurocognitive decline (global IQ level MD: 13.06, 95% CI: 4.97–21.15, p = 0.009, I2 = 68%). As for hematological, acute side effects, neurological changes and ophthalmologic disorders PT can be beneficial for survivors in terms of reducing them.

Conclusions

In comparison with XRT, PT can reduce most side effects, without significantly decreasing the survival rate. There is considerable clinical relevance in the findings, even not all of them are statistically significant, which may facilitate the development of protocols regarding the usage of radiotherapy methods, and may encourage the establishment of more proton centers, where more studies can be done.
Making mesoderm--upstream and downstream of Xbra.
Authors: Smith J C
Published: February 2025

The mesoderm of the amphibian embryo is formed through an inductive interaction in which cells of the vegetal hemisphere of the embryo act on overlying equatorial cells. My laboratory is studying the Brachyury gene, which plays a key role in this interaction, being both necessary and sufficient for normal mesoderm formation. In this article I describe our attempts to understand how Xenopus Brachyury (Xbra) is activated in the right cells at the right time, and then to understand how Xbra exerts its effects.
Generation of the germ layers along the animal-vegetal axis in Xenopus laevis.
Authors: Yasuo H , Lemaire P
Published: February 2025

After completion of gastrulation, typical vertebrate embryos consist of three cell sheets, called germ layers. The outer layer, the ectoderm, which produces the cells of the epidermis and the nervous system; the inner layer, the endoderm, producing the lining of the digestive tube and its associated organs (pancreas, liver, lungs etc.) and the middle layer, the mesoderm, which gives rise to several organs (heart, kidney, gonads), connective tissues (bone, muscles, tendons, blood vessels), and blood cells. The formation of the germ layers is one of the earliest embryonic events to subdivide multicellular embryos into a few compartments. In Xenopus laevis, the spatial domains of three germ layers are largely separated along the animal-vegetal axis even before gastrulation; ectoderm in the animal pole region; mesoderm in the equatorial region and endoderm in the vegetal pole region. In this review, we summarise the recent advances in our understanding of the formation of the germ layers in Xenopus laevis.
Dickkopf1 and the Spemann-Mangold head organizer.
Authors: Niehrs C , Kazanskaya O , Wu W , Glinka A
Published: February 2025

Work in amphibians indicates that inhibition of Wnt and BMP signals is essential for head development and that head induction by the Spemann-Mangold organizer may be mediated by secreted Wnt antagonists. Wnts are potent posteriorizing factors and antagonize the Spemann-Mangold organizer. Dickkopf1 (dkk1) encodes a secreted effector expressed in head organizing centers of Xenopus, mouse and zebrafish. It acts as a Wnt inhibitor and is able together with BMP inhibitors to induce the formation of ectopic embryonic heads in Xenopus. It anteriorizes both mesendoderm and neuroectoderm, promoting prechordal plate and forebrain fates. Injection of inhibitory antibodies leads to microcephaly and cyclopia. Dkk1 thus is an essential mediator of the vertebrate head organizer.
Getting your head around Hex and Hesx1: forebrain formation in mouse.
Authors: Martinez-Barbera J P , Beddington R S
Published: February 2025

An increasing amount of evidence suggests that in mouse there are two signalling centres required for the formation of a complete neural axis: the anterior visceral endoderm (AVE), and the node and its derivatives. Embryological and genetic studies suggest that the AVE has a head-inducing activity. In contrast, the node appears to act first as a head inducer in synergy with the AVE initiating anterior neural patterning at early stages of mouse development, and later, node derivatives are necessary for maintenance and embellishment of anterior neural character. Hex and Hesx1 are homeobox genes that are expressed in relevant tissues involved in anterior patterning. The analysis of the Hex and Hesx1 mutant mice has revealed that the lack of these genes has little or no effect on the early steps of anterior neural induction. However, both genes are required subsequently for the proper expansion of the forebrain region. We suggest that disturbance in the specification of an Fgf8 signalling centre in the anterior neural ridge may account for the anterior defects observed in these mutants.