bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rice Vision for Bangladesh: 2050 and Beyond
Authors: Kabir MS , Salam MU , Chowdhury A , Rahman NMF , Iftekharuddaula KM , Rahman MS , Rashid MH , Dipti SS , Islam A , Latif MA , Islam AKM S , Hossain MM , Nessa B , Ansari TH , Ali MA , Biswas JK
Published: June 2016

CORRECTION: Due to a number of formatting and layout issues, the PDF of this paper was replaced on 10th October 2016.Combined efforts of farmers, rice scientists, extension personnel and Government of Bangladesh have yielded clean rice growth rate of 0.34 million ton (MT) year-1 during 2009-10 to 2013-14 in the country. In 2014-15, the country acquired a rice surplus of about 2 MT. However, maintaining the current surplus of rice in the coming decades is a great challenge. Authentic estimation of future rice requirement and future resource availability would guide to way forward. This paper presents rice vision for Bangladesh leading to 2050 and beyond. In this study, secondary data from different government-owned statistics and research institutes were collected, analyzed and synthesized to develop models and/or model parameters to generate outputs such as future population, rice production and rice requirement. Population of Bangladesh will reach 215.4 million in 2050, when 44.6 MT of clean rice will be required. With the pace of rice-production-increase in the last five years, production can reach 47.2 MT, having a surplus of 2.6 MT in 2050. The study sets 2.6 MT as the target for clean rice surplus every year leading to 2050 and beyond. Several hurdles, such as increasing population, decreasing resources and increasing climate vulnerability, can hinder achieving the target. Three major interventions?accelerating genetic gain, minimizing yield gap and curtailing adoption lag?are proposed to break the barriers to achieve the target. Major challenges to implement the interventions include shrinking net cropped area, decreasing availability of irrigation water and increasing pressure on soil fertility. Smart technology such as, location specific variety, profitable cropping sequences, innovative cultural management, and mechanization coupled with smart dissemination using multiple means would ease production barriers. We recommend a number of measures, such as, guaranteeing a minimum cropped area, accelerating the rate of genetic gain in varietal development and intensifying collaboration among the stakeholders to reduce adoption lag of newly released promising rice varieties, to achieve the rice vision of Bangladesh leading to 2050 and beyond.Bangladesh Rice j. 2015, 19(2): 1-18
Rice False Smut Disease at Different Flowering Times
Authors: Nessa Bodrun , Salam Moin U , Haque AHM Mahfuzul , Biswas Jiban K , Latif M Abdul , Ali M Ansar , Ansari Tahmid H , Ahmed Montasir , Parvin Nargis , Baki M Zakaria Ibne , Islam Subrima , Islam M Sirajul , Galloway Jean
Published: June 2016

CORRECTION: Due to a number of formatting and layout issues, the PDF of this paper was replaced on 10th October 2016. The page numbers of this article have changed from 28-34 to 28-35.Rice false smut (RFSm) has lately been recognized as an emerging disease worldwide. Its alarming prevalence in Bangladesh in the transplant Aman rice in the last three years has been widely reported. However, there is no effective control measure against the disease in this country. We hypothesized that manipulation of flowering time in aman rice may avoid RFSm incidence. A two-year study (2014 and 2015) during T. Aman season using the widely regarded RFSm-prone variety, BRRI dhan49, across a range of flowering regime from mid-July to mid-January, demonstrated lower disease incidence in earlier (till mid-October) and later (after mid-November) part. The highest incidence of the disease was recorded when the crop flowered on 9 and 5 November in 2014 and 2015, respectively. The disease was recorded on ratoons. The peak of the infection recorded on ratoons when flowered on 7 November. To the best of our knowledge, worldwide, this is the first record of the disease on ratoons. Rainfall did not influence the disease. The relationship between the disease incidence and relative humidity and sunshine hours were significant. Avoiding flowering time during mid-October to mid-November through planting time adjustment appeared as an effective practice to escape rice false smut disease incidence in Aman season.Bangladesh Rice j. 2015, 19(2): 28-35
Phosphorus Fractionations in Ganges Tidal Floodplain Soil of Bangladesh
Authors: Hoque MF , Islam MS , Islam MR , Rashid MH , Saleque MA
Published: June 2016

CORRECTION: Due to a number of formatting and layout issues, the PDF of this paper was replaced on 10th October 2016. The page numbers of this article have changed from 55-61 to 57-63.The present investigation aimed to evaluate different fractions of P of Ganges tidal floodplain soils of Bangladesh in terms of plant availability in the selected soil. The samples were analyzed for solution P, labile pool, alkali-extracted inorganic pool, organic pool, acidic pool and residual P.The soil solution P in the tested soils ranged from 0.03 to 0.11 mg L1. The concentration of 0.5M NaHCO3 extracted P had a range of 8-34 mg kg1. Dilute NaOH extracted inorganic P had a range of 25-59 mg kg1. NaOH extracted organic P ranged from 334 to 542 mg kg1 and acid extracted P represented from 140 to 443 mg kg1, respectively. Residual P of the tested soils showed a concentration of 104-262 mg kg1. On average of the 12 soils, the relative concentration of solution P was 0.01%, NaHCO3 P was 3.2%, NaOH-Pi was 6.8%, NaOH-Po was 44.6%, acid pool was 27.3% and residual fraction was 18.1%. Different P pools showed strong correlation either with sand, silt, clay, electrical conductivity, pH(H2O), pH (KCl), organic carbon or extractable Fe content. The tested Ganges tidal floodplain soils demonstrated wide variation in the relative proportion of different P pools.Bangladesh Rice j. 2015, 19(2): 57-63
Isolation of Arsenic Oxidizing-reducing Bacteria and Reclamation of As (III) in in vitro Condition
Authors: Naher UA , Rahman F , Islam SMM , Sarkar MIU , Biswas JC
Published: June 2016

CORRECTION: Due to a number of formatting and layout issues, the PDF of this paper was replaced on 10th October 2016. The page numbers of this article have changed from 94-96 to 99-101.The study aimed to isolate arsenic (As) oxidizing-reducing bacteria from As contaminated soil and water and to determine their ability to remove As from broth culture. Soil and water samples were collected from As contaminated area of BRRI farm, Bhanga, Faridpur. Arsenic oxidizing and reducing bacteria were isolated from the As contaminated soil (13 mg kg-1) and water (410 ?g/L) using spread plate count method in minimal salt (MS) medium after seven days of incubation. The oxidation activity of the bacteria as well as reclamation of As [III] was determined from NaAsO2 supplemented broth using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The As-oxidizing bacteria population was present only in one soil sample, while in all water samples both oxidizing and reducing bacteria were present. A total of 36 As oxidizing-reducing bacteria were isolated. As-oxidizing bacteria removed 71-99% of applied As [III] in broth culture. Two out of 10 As-oxidizing bacterial strains appeared more efficient than others to remove As [III] under broth culture conditions.Bangladesh Rice j. 2015, 19(2): 99-100
A Parameter Identification Method for Dynamics of Lithium Iron Phosphate Batteries Based on Step-Change Current Curves and Constant Current Curves
Authors: He Zhichao , Yang Geng , Lu Languang
Published: June 2016

Parameterization of battery dynamics based on terminal operating data is a main concern in engineering applications of batteries. The key technology is designing an adequate test procedure and a data processing procedure to excite different inner dynamics and then estimate the parameters of a corresponding equivalent circuit model (ECM). This paper proposes a parameter identification method that utilizes the terminal voltage curves (TVC) under step-change current conditions and constant current conditions. With this method, I-V characteristics of battery’s Ohmic resistance, mass diffusion process, thermal process and SOC varying process are decoupled and parametric functions of an ECM are obtained. Experimental results show that the method is easy to be implemented and modeling accuracy is sufficient for applications.
Optimization of Internal Cooling Fins for Metal Hydride Reactors
Authors: Kukkapalli Vamsi , Kim Sunwoo
Published: June 2016

Metal hydride alloys are considered as a promising alternative to conventional hydrogen storage cylinders and mechanical hydrogen compressors. Compared to storing in a classic gas tank, metal hydride alloys can store hydrogen at nearly room pressure and use less volume to store the same amount of hydrogen. However, this hydrogen storage method necessitates an effective way to reject the heat released from the exothermic hydriding reaction. In this paper, a finned conductive insert is adopted to improve the heat transfer in the cylindrical reactor. The fins collect the heat that is volumetrically generated in LaNi5 metal hydride alloys and deliver it to the channel located in the center, through which a refrigerant flows. A multiple-physics modeling is performed to analyze the transient heat and mass transfer during the hydrogen absorption process. Fin design is made to identify the optimum shape of the finned insert for the best heat rejection. For the shape optimization, use of a predefined transient heat generation function is proposed. Simulations show that there exists an optimal length for the fin geometry.
Thermo-Economic and Heat Transfer Optimization of Working-Fluid Mixtures in a Low-Temperature Organic Rankine Cycle System
Authors: Oyewunmi Oyeniyi , Markides Christos
Published: June 2016

In the present paper, we consider the employment of working-fluid mixtures in organic Rankine cycle (ORC) systems with respect to thermodynamic and heat-transfer performance, component sizing and capital costs. The selected working-fluid mixtures promise reduced exergy losses due to their non-isothermal phase-change behaviour, and thus improved cycle efficiencies and power outputs over their respective pure-fluid components. A multi-objective cost-power optimization of a specific low-temperature ORC system (operating with geothermal water at 98 °C) reveals that the use of working-fluid-mixtures does indeed show a thermodynamic improvement over the pure-fluids. At the same time, heat transfer and cost analyses, however, suggest that it also requires larger evaporators, condensers and expanders; thus, the resulting ORC systems are also associated with higher costs. In particular, 50% n-pentane + 50% n-hexane and 60% R-245fa + 40% R-227ea mixtures lead to the thermodynamically optimal cycles, whereas pure n-pentane and pure R-245fa have lower plant costs, both estimated as having ∼14% lower costs per unit power output compared to the thermodynamically optimal mixtures. These conclusions highlight the importance of using system cost minimization as a design objective for ORC plants.
A New Route of Fucoidan Immobilization on Low Density Polyethylene and Its Blood Compatibility and Anticoagulation Activity
Authors: Ozaltin Kadir , Lehocký Marián , Humpolíček Petr , Pelková Jana , Sáha Petr
Published: June 2016

Beside biomaterials’ bulk properties, their surface properties are equally important to control interfacial biocompatibility. However, due to the inadequate interaction with tissue, they may cause foreign body reaction. Moreover, surface induced thrombosis can occur when biomaterials are used for blood containing applications. Surface modification of the biomaterials can bring enhanced surface properties in biomedical applications. Sulfated polysaccharide coatings can be used to avoid surface induced thrombosis which may cause vascular occlusion (blocking the blood flow by blood clot), which results in serious health problems. Naturally occurring heparin is one of the sulfated polysaccharides most commonly used as an anticoagulant, but its long term usage causes hemorrhage. Marine sourced sulfated polysaccharide fucoidan is an alternative anticoagulant without the hemorrhage drawback. Heparin and fucoidan immobilization onto a low density polyethylene surface after functionalization by plasma has been studied. Surface energy was demonstrated by water contact angle test and chemical characterizations were carried out by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Surface morphology was monitored by scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscope. Finally, their anticoagulation activity was examined for prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and thrombin time (TT).
The CLC-2 Chloride Channel Modulates ECM Synthesis, Differentiation, and Migration of Human Conjunctival Fibroblasts via the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway
Authors: Sun Lixia , Dong Yaru , Zhao Jing , Yin Yuan , Zheng Yajuan
Published: June 2016

Recent evidence suggests that chloride channels are critical for cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. We examined the effects of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 on chloride channel expression and associations with human conjunctival fibroblast (HConF) biology. To investigate the potential role of chloride channel (CLC)-2 in migration, transition to myofibroblasts and extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis of HconF, a small interfering RNA (siRNA) approach was applied. TGF-β1-induced migration and transition of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts characterized by α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression, supported by increased endogenous expression of CLC-2 protein and mRNA transcripts. ECM (collagen I and fibronectin) synthesis in HConF was enhanced by TGF-β1. CLC-2 siRNA treatment reduced TGF-β1-induced cell migration, transition of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, and ECM synthesis of HConF. CLC-2 siRNA treatment in the presence of TGF-β1 inhibited phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt in HConF. These findings demonstrate that CLC-2 chloride channels are important for TGF-β1-induced migration, differentiation, and ECM synthesis via PI3K/Akt signaling in HConF.
Elevated Preoperative Serum Alanine Aminotransferase/Aspartate Aminotransferase (ALT/AST) Ratio Is Associated with Better Prognosis in Patients Undergoing Curative Treatment for Gastric Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Chen Shu-Lin , Li Jian-Pei , Li Lin-Fang , Zeng Tao , He Xia
Published: June 2016

The level of anine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase (ALT/AST) ratio in the serum was often used to assess liver injury. Whether the ALT/AST ratio (LSR) was associated with prognosis for gastric adenocarcinoma (GA) has not been reported in the literature. Our aim was to investigate the prognostic value of the preoperative LSR in patients with GA. A retrospective study was performed in 231 patients with GA undergoing curative resection. The medical records collected include clinical information and laboratory results. We investigated the correlations between the preoperative LSR and overall survival (OS). Survival analysis was conducted with the Kaplan–Meier method, and Cox regression analysis was used to determine significant independent prognostic factors for predicting survival. A p value of <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. A total of 231 patients were finally enrolled. The median overall survival was 47 months. Multivariate analysis indicated that preoperative LSR was an independent prognostic factor in GA. Patients with LSR ≤ 0.80 had a greater risk of death than those with LSR > 0.80. The LSR was independently associated with OS in patients with GA (hazard ratio: 0.610; 95% confidence interval: 0.388–0.958; p = 0.032), along with tumor stages (hazard ratio: 3.118; 95% confidence interval: 2.044–4.756; p < 0.001) and distant metastases (hazard ratio: 1.957; 95% confidence interval: 1.119–3.422; p = 0.019). Our study first established a connection between the preoperative LSR and patients undergoing curative resection for GA, suggesting that LSR was a simple, inexpensive, and easily measurable marker as a prognostic factor, and may help to identify high-risk patients for treatment decisions.
In Silico Prediction of Cytochrome P450-Drug Interaction: QSARs for CYP3A4 and CYP2C9
Authors: Nembri Serena , Grisoni Francesca , Consonni Viviana , Todeschini Roberto
Published: June 2016

Cytochromes P450 (CYP) are the main actors in the oxidation of xenobiotics and play a crucial role in drug safety, persistence, bioactivation, and drug-drug/food-drug interaction. This work aims to develop Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) models to predict the drug interaction with two of the most important CYP isoforms, namely 2C9 and 3A4. The presented models are calibrated on 9122 drug-like compounds, using three different modelling approaches and two types of molecular description (classical molecular descriptors and binary fingerprints). For each isoform, three classification models are presented, based on a different approach and with different advantages: (1) a very simple and interpretable classification tree; (2) a local (k-Nearest Neighbor) model based classical descriptors and; (3) a model based on a recently proposed local classifier (N-Nearest Neighbor) on binary fingerprints. The salient features of the work are (1) the thorough model validation and the applicability domain assessment; (2) the descriptor interpretation, which highlighted the crucial aspects of P450-drug interaction; and (3) the consensus aggregation of models, which largely increased the prediction accuracy.
Flavonoids as Cytokine Modulators: A Possible Therapy for Inflammation-Related Diseases
Authors: Leyva-López Nayely , Gutierrez-Grijalva Erick , Ambriz-Perez Dulce , Heredia J.
Published: June 2016

High levels of cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-6, are associated with chronic diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease and cancer; therefore cytokine inhibition might be an important target for the treatment of these diseases. Most drugs used to alleviate some inflammation-related symptoms act by inhibiting cyclooxygenases activity or by blocking cytokine receptors. Nevertheless, these drugs have secondary effects when used on a long-term basis. It has been mentioned that flavonoids, namely quercetin, apigenin and luteolin, reduce cytokine expression and secretion. In this regard, flavonoids may have therapeutical potential in the treatment of inflammation-related diseases as cytokine modulators. This review is focused on current research about the effect of flavonoids on cytokine modulation and the description of the way these compounds exert their effect.
Preparation and Characterization of Facilitated Transport Membranes Composed of Chitosan-Styrene and Chitosan-Acrylonitrile Copolymers Modified by Methylimidazolium Based Ionic Liquids for CO2 Separation from CH4 and N2
Authors: Otvagina Ksenia , Mochalova Alla , Sazanova Tatyana , Petukhov Anton , Moskvichev Alexandr , Vorotyntsev Andrey , Afonso Carlos , Vorotyntsev Ilya
Published: June 2016

CO2 separation was found to be facilitated by transport membranes based on novel chitosan (CS)–poly(styrene) (PS) and chitosan (CS)–poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN) copolymer matrices doped with methylimidazolium based ionic liquids: [bmim][BF4], [bmim][PF6], and [bmim][Tf2N] (IL). CS plays the role of biodegradable film former and selectivity promoter. Copolymers were prepared implementing the latest achievements in radical copolymerization with chosen monomers, which enabled the achievement of outstanding mechanical strength values for the CS-based membranes (75–104 MPa for CS-PAN and 69–75 MPa for CS-PS). Ionic liquid (IL) doping affected the surface and mechanical properties of the membranes as well as the gas separation properties. The highest CO2 permeability 400 Barrers belongs to CS-b-PS/[bmim][BF4]. The highest selectivity α (CO2/N2) = 15.5 was achieved for CS-b-PAN/[bmim][BF4]. The operational temperature of the membranes is under 220 °C.
SNPConvert: SNP Array Standardization and Integration in Livestock Species
Authors: Nicolazzi Ezequiel , Marras Gabriele , Stella Alessandra
Published: June 2016

One of the main advantages of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array technology is providing genotype calls for a specific number of SNP markers at a relatively low cost. Since its first application in animal genetics, the number of available SNP arrays for each species has been constantly increasing. However, conversely to that observed in whole genome sequence data analysis, SNP array data does not have a common set of file formats or coding conventions for allele calling. Therefore, the standardization and integration of SNP array data from multiple sources have become an obstacle, especially for users with basic or no programming skills. Here, we describe the difficulties related to handling SNP array data, focusing on file formats, SNP allele coding, and mapping. We also present SNPConvert suite, a multi-platform, open-source, and user-friendly set of tools to overcome these issues. This tool, which can be integrated with open-source and open-access tools already available, is a first step towards an integrated system to standardize and integrate any type of raw SNP array data. The tool is available at: https://github. com/nicolazzie/SNPConvert.git.
Comparison of INTAKE24 (an Online 24-h Dietary Recall Tool) with Interviewer-Led 24-h Recall in 11–24 Year-Old
Authors: Bradley Jennifer , Simpson Emma , Poliakov Ivan , Matthews John , Olivier Patrick , Adamson Ashley , Foster Emma
Published: June 2016

Online dietary assessment tools offer a convenient, low cost alternative to traditional dietary assessment methods such as weighed records and face-to-face interviewer-led 24-h recalls. INTAKE24 is an online multiple pass 24-h recall tool developed for use with 11–24 year-old. The aim of the study was to undertake a comparison of INTAKE24 (the test method) with interviewer-led multiple pass 24-h recalls (the comparison method) in 180 people aged 11–24 years. Each participant completed both an INTAKE24 24-h recall and an interviewer-led 24-h recall on the same day on four occasions over a one-month period. The daily energy and nutrient intakes reported in INTAKE24 were compared to those reported in the interviewer-led recall. Mean intakes reported using INTAKE24 were similar to the intakes reported in the interviewer-led recall for energy and macronutrients. INTAKE24 was found to underestimate energy intake by 1% on average compared to the interviewer-led recall with the limits of agreement ranging from minus 49% to plus 93%. Mean intakes of all macronutrients and micronutrients (except non-milk extrinsic sugars) were within 4% of the interviewer-led recall. Dietary assessment that utilises technology may offer a viable alternative and be more engaging than paper based methods, particularly for children and young adults.
Drivers of Productivity Trends in Cork Oak Woodlands over the Last 15 Years
Authors: Santos Maria , Baumann Matthias , Esgalhado Catarina
Published: June 2016

Higher biodiversity leads to more productive ecosystems which, in turn, supports more biodiversity. Ongoing global changes affect ecosystem productivity and, therefore, are expected to affect productivity-biodiversity relationships. However, the magnitude of these relationships may be affected by baseline biodiversity and its lifeforms. Cork oak (Quercus suber) woodlands are a highly biodiverse Mediterranean ecosystem managed for cork extraction; as a result of this management cork oak woodlands may have both tree and shrub canopies, just tree and just shrub canopies, and just grasslands. Trees, shrubs, and grasses may respond differently to climatic variables and their combination may, therefore, affect measurements of productivity and the resulting productivity-biodiversity relationships. Here, we asked whether the relationship between productivity and climate is affected by the responses of trees, shrubs, and grasses in cork oak woodlands in Southern Portugal. To answer this question, we linked a 15-year time series of Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) derived from Landsat satellites to micrometeorological data to assess the relationship between trends in EVI and climate. Between 2000 and 2013 we observed an overall decrease in EVI. However, EVI increased over cork oaks and decreased over shrublands. EVI trends were strongly positively related to changes in relative humidity and negatively related to temperature. The intra-annual EVI cycle of grasslands and sparse cork oak woodland without understorey (savannah-like ecosystem) had higher variation than the other land-cover types. These results suggest that oaks and shrubs have different responses to changes in water availability, which can be either related to oak physiology, to oaks being either more resilient or having lagged responses to changes in climate, or to the fact that shrublands start senesce earlier than oaks. Our results also suggest that in the future EVI could improve because the rate of increase in minimum EVI is greater than the rate of decrease in maximum EVI, and that this is contingent on management of the shrub understorey as it affects the rate of decrease in maximum EVI. This will be the challenge for the persistence of cork oak woodlands, their associated biodiversity and social-ecological system.
Quality Detection of Litchi Stored in Different Environments Using an Electronic Nose
Authors: Xu Sai , Lü Enli , Lu Huazhong , Zhou Zhiyan , Wang Yu , Yang Jing , Wang Yajuan
Published: June 2016

The purpose of this paper was to explore the utility of an electronic nose to detect the quality of litchi fruit stored in different environments. In this study, a PEN3 electronic nose was adopted to test the storage time and hardness of litchi that were stored in three different types of environment (room temperature, refrigerator and controlled-atmosphere). After acquiring data about the hardness of the sample and from the electronic nose, linear discriminant analysis (LDA), canonical correlation analysis (CCA), BP neural network (BPNN) and BP neural network-partial least squares regression (BPNN-PLSR), were employed for data processing. The experimental results showed that the hardness of litchi fruits stored in all three environments decreased during storage. The litchi stored at room temperature had the fastest rate of decrease in hardness, followed by those stored in a refrigerator environment and under a controlled-atmosphere. LDA has a poor ability to classify the storage time of the three environments in which litchi was stored. BPNN can effectively recognize the storage time of litchi stored in a refrigerator and a controlled-atmosphere environment. However, the BPNN classification of the effect of room temperature storage on litchi was poor. CCA results show a significant correlation between electronic nose data and hardness data under the room temperature, and the correlation is more obvious for those under the refrigerator environment and controlled-atmosphere environment. The BPNN-PLSR can effectively predict the hardness of litchi under refrigerator storage conditions and a controlled-atmosphere environment. However, the BPNN-PLSR prediction of the effect of room temperature storage on litchi and global environment storage on litchi were poor. Thus, this experiment proved that an electronic nose can detect the quality of litchi under refrigeratored storage and a controlled-atmosphere environment. These results provide a useful reference for future studies on nondestructive and intelligent monitoring of fruit quality.
Evolution of the SpoIISABC Toxin-Antitoxin-Antitoxin System in Bacilli
Authors: Gabriško Marek , Barák Imrich
Published: June 2016

Programmed cell death in bacteria is generally associated with two-component toxin-antitoxin systems. The SpoIISABC system, originally identified in Bacillus subtilis, consists of three components: a SpoIISA toxin and the SpoIISB and SpoIISC antitoxins. SpoIISA is a membrane-bound protein, while SpoIISB and SpoIISC are small cytosolic antitoxins, which are able to bind SpoIISA and neutralize its toxicity. In the presented bioinformatics analysis, a taxonomic distribution of the genes of the SpoIISABC system is investigated; their conserved regions and residues are identified; and their phylogenetic relationships are inferred. The SpoIISABC system is part of the core genome in members of the Bacillus genus of the Firmicutes phylum. Its presence in some non-bacillus species is likely the result of horizontal gene transfer. The SpoIISB and SpoIISC antitoxins originated by gene duplications, which occurred independently in the B. subtilis and B. cereus lineages. In the B. cereus lineage, the SpoIIS module is present in two different architectures.
L’eau dans l’État, l’État nan dlo : dilution des responsabilités publiques et crise urbaine dans l’aire métropolitaine de Port-au-Prince (Water and State : dilution of political responsibilities and urban crisis in metropolitan Port-au-Prince)
Authors: Théodat Jean-Marie
Published: June 2016

La défaillance d’un État n’est pas seulement un danger sur la scène internationale, dans la mesure où elle introduit un élément d’incertitude dans les relations diplomatiques, mais aussi en raison de la précarité que cela entraîne pour l’ensemble du corps social dont les services de base ne sont plus fournis par le prestataire attitré. Le cas de l’eau sert ici de clé d’intelligence de la déliquescence de l’État haïtien.
COHERENT EVENTS AND SPECTRAL SHAPE AT ION KINETIC SCALES IN THE FAST SOLAR WIND TURBULENCE
Authors: Lion Sonny , Alexandrova Olga , Zaslavsky Arnaud
Published: June 2016

In this paper we investigate spectral and phase coherence properties of magnetic fluctuations in the vicinity of the spectral transition from large, magnetohydrodynamic to sub-ion scales using in situ measurements of the Wind spacecraft in a fast stream. For the time interval investigated by Leamon et al. (1998) the phase coherence analysis shows the presence of sporadic quasi-parallel Alfvén ion cyclotron (AIC) waves as well as coherent structures in the form of large-amplitude, quasi-perpendicular Alfvén vortex-like structures and current sheets. These waves and structures importantly contribute to the observed power spectrum of magnetic fluctuations around ion scales; AIC waves contribute to the spectrum in a narrow frequency range whereas the coherent structures contribute to the spectrum over a wide frequency band from the inertial range to the sub-ion frequency range. We conclude that a particular combination of waves and coherent structures determines the spectral shape of the magnetic field spectrum around ion scales. This phenomenon provides a possible explanation for a high variability of the magnetic power spectra around ion scales observed in the solar wind.
SPATIAL GROWTH OF CURRENT-DRIVEN INSTABILITY IN RELATIVISTIC ROTATING JETS AND THE SEARCH FOR MAGNETIC RECONNECTION
Authors: Singh Chandra B. , Mizuno Yosuke , Pino Elisabete M. de Gouveia Dal
Published: June 2016

Using the three-dimensional relativistic magnetohydrodynamic code RAISHIN, we investigated the influence of the radial density profile on the spatial development of the current-driven kink instability along magnetized rotating, relativistic jets. For the purposes of our study, we used a nonperiodic computational box, the jet flow is initially established across the computational grid, and a precessional perturbation at the inlet triggers the growth of the kink instability. We studied light and heavy jets with respect to the environment depending on the density profile. Different angular velocity amplitudes have been also tested. The results show the propagation of a helically kinked structure along the jet and a relatively stable configuration for the lighter jets. The jets appear to be collimated by the magnetic field, and the flow is accelerated owing to conversion of electromagnetic into kinetic energy. We also identify regions of high current density in filamentary current sheets, indicative of magnetic reconnection, which are associated with the kink-unstable regions and correlated with the decrease of the sigma parameter of the flow. We discuss the implications of our findings for Poynting-flux-dominated jets in connection with magnetic reconnection processes. We find that fast magnetic reconnection may be driven by the kink-instability turbulence and govern the transformation of magnetic into kinetic energy, thus providing an efficient way to power and accelerate particles in active galactic nucleus and gamma-ray-burst relativistic jets.
SENSITIVITY KERNELS FOR FLOWS IN TIME–DISTANCE HELIOSEISMOLOGY: EXTENSION TO SPHERICAL GEOMETRY
Authors: Böning Vincent G. A. , Roth Markus , Zima Wolfgang , Birch Aaron C. , Gizon Laurent
Published: June 2016

We extend an existing Born approximation method for calculating the linear sensitivity of helioseismic travel times to flows from Cartesian to spherical geometry. This development is necessary for using the Born approximation for inferring large-scale flows in the deep solar interior. As first sanity check, we compare two f-mode kernels from our spherical method and from an existing Cartesian method. The horizontal and total integrals agree to within 0.3%. As a second consistency test, we consider a uniformly rotating Sun and a travel distance of 42°. The analytical travel-time difference agrees with the forward-modeled travel-time difference to within 2%. In addition, we evaluate the impact of different choices of filter functions on the kernels for a meridional travel distance of 42°. For all filters, the sensitivity is found to be distributed over a large fraction of the convection zone. We show that the kernels depend on the filter function employed in the data analysis process. If modes of higher harmonic degree (90 ≲ l ≲ 170) are permitted, a noisy pattern of a spatial scale corresponding to l ≈ 260 appears near the surface. When mainly low-degree modes are used (l ≲ 70), the sensitivity is concentrated in the deepest regions and it visually resembles a ray-path-like structure. Among the different low-degree filters used, we find the kernel for phase-speed-filtered measurements to be best localized in depth.
EVIDENCE OF BULK ACCELERATION OF THE GRB X-RAY FLARE EMISSION REGION
Authors: Uhm Z. Lucas , Zhang Bing
Published: June 2016

Applying our recently developed generalized version of the high-latitude emission theory to the observations of X-ray flares in gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), here we present clear observational evidence that the X-ray flare emission region is undergoing rapid bulk acceleration as the photons are emitted. We show that both the observed X-ray flare light curves and the photon index evolution curves can be simultaneously reproduced within a simple physical model invoking synchrotron radiation in an accelerating emission region far from the GRB central engine. Such an acceleration process demands an additional energy dissipation source other than kinetic energy, which points toward a significant Poynting flux in the emission region of X-ray flares. As the X-ray flares are believed to share a similar physical mechanism as the GRB prompt emission, our finding here hints that the GRB prompt emission jets may also carry a significant Poynting flux in their emitting region.
O desempenho dos indicadores de desenvolvimento humano nos municípios da região oeste paranaense com aplicação da metodologia shift-share para o período 2000 - 2010
Authors: Oliveira Gilson Batista de
Published: June 2016

O presente trabalho traz uma análise do crescimento dos indicadores básicos do Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal (IDHM) na Região Oeste Paranaense, utilizando a metodologia denominada Shift-share nos anos censitários de 2000 e 2010. Para tanto, utiliza-se os dados primários publicados para os municípios e estados brasileiros pelo Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento (PNUD, 2003 e 2013). Após a aplicação do Shift-share, identifica-se quais municípios da região obtiveram os maiores e menores variações de cada indicador básico do IDHM. Contudo, para os anos de referência, todos municípios apresentaram variação positiva no IDHM. Apenas a cidade de Assis Chateaubriand teve variação negativa do IDHM-Renda no período. Os demais quarenta e nove municípios apresentaram ocilações positivas em todos os indicadores básicos componentes do IDHM. Finalmente, os resultados da metodologia Shift-share permitiu classificar os municípios em quatro tipos distintos de cidades (A1, A3, B2 e B3).

 
O desenvolvimento e a política de conteúdo local na indústria petrolífera: visões divergentes
Authors: Piquet Rosélia Périssé , Hasenclever Lia , Shimoda Eduardo
Published: June 2016

O setor de petróleo e gás no Brasil é considerado hoje, pela elevada demanda que exerce por bens e serviços, como uma das fronteiras de expansão e diversificação do parque industrial nacional.  Os desafios tecnológicos que caracterizam o setor ensejam a busca constante por inovação, motivando a atração de empresas estrangeiras detentoras de tecnologias complexas. Contudo, é sabido que o setor petrolífero só se constitui em mola propulsora do desenvolvimento pelo efeito multiplicador que exerce sobre outros setores industriais e de serviços. Assim, tanto o Governo como entidades representativas dos interesses do empresariado nacional defenderam e implantaram uma Política de Conteúdo Local, presente desde a 1ª Rodada de Licitações para exploração, em 1999, como parte dos critérios de escolha nos processos licitatórios. Entretanto, esta Política tem suscitado posições divergentes. Certos técnicos e entidades se posicionam a favor da crescente participação das empresas nacionais, enquanto outros argumentam que a falta de qualificação técnica poderá afetar seriamente a competitividade brasileira no fornecimento à indústria petrolífera.
O efeito de uma sequência didática de cálculos químicos no contexto da EJA
Authors: Ferreira Kauê Melo , Vasconcelos Tomas Herrera
Published: June 2016

Os cálculos químicos são difíceis para muitos estudantes. Discutir esses conteúdos e sua relação com a tecnologia e a sociedade pode contribuir para uma melhora na aprendizagem e na conduta cidadã dos alunos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a influência de uma sequência didática (SD) de cálculos químicos baseados em equações químicas com enfoque em Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade (CTS). Os sujeitos desta pesquisa foram 42 alunos da Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA). Os instrumentos utilizados foram um pré-teste e um pós-teste com questões contextualizadas na perspectiva CTS. O uso da SD mostrou ser uma proposta metodológica satisfatória para melhorar a compreensão dos cálculos químicos e das interações entre a ciência, a tecnologia e a sociedade. Os resultados obtidos podem ser um ponto de partida para melhorar a formação dos alunos e contribuir para contornar as dificuldades que apresentam e para que sejam capazes de opinar sobre aspectos do cotidiano.
La réforme pédagogique des lycées en 1902
Authors: Hery Évelyne
Published: June 2016

Le plan d’études de 1902 modernise-t-il l’enseignement des lycées de garçons comme l’affirment les Républicains engagés dans sa mise en œuvre ? De fait, renforçant les sciences et les langues vivantes qui, à égalité avec les humanités classiques, constituent dès lors les piliers d’un enseignement sans latin, révisant les contenus enseignés et les méthodes éducatives pour y insuffler l’esprit « positif », marque de la République radicale et laïque, le plan est novateur et « moderne » au sens où il vise à adapter les études aux besoins de la démocratie et de la nation au seuil du XX e siècle. Il en résulte que les adversaires des réformateurs les accusent de dénaturer l’enseignement secondaire et, pour certains, instrumentalisent la réforme afin de discréditer le régime. La bataille de la rénovation ne dure pas moins de dix ans mais le ministère ne ploie pas et, même s’il ressort de l’examen des rapports d’inspection que la réforme n’a qu’un impact limité sur les situations effectives d’enseignement, parce que l’évolution des pratiques pédagogiques s’inscrit dans la longue durée, le nouveau dispositif des études sonne la fin du lycée napoléonien .
Le Centre technique de l’aluminium. Un temple oublié du métal de l’ère nouvelle en plein Paris
Authors: Jomier Vincent
Published: June 2016

Le Centre technique de l’aluminium est construit entre 1941 et 1944. Sa décoration se poursuit jusqu’en 1949. Cet édifice est commandé par L’Aluminium Français, organe regroupant les fabricants français. Les objectifs du Centre sont multiples. Ils consistent dans la promotion de l’aluminium et de ses alliages, la recherche appliquée et la formation du personnel technique. Ces fonctions expliquent la structure du bâtiment mais pas seulement. Durant l’Entre-deux guerres, l’aluminium constitue un métal d’avant-garde dont les applications se développent très rapidement. Malgré la crise économique mondiale des années 1930, ce secteur reste en croissance et les dépenses de prestige demeurent possibles. Enfin, l’occupation allemande change subitement la donne au moment de la construction. Le Centre technique que les Parisiens ont tous vu du métro aérien, tant sa masse orange et ses bas-reliefs faisaient contraste avec le quartier environnant, n’a pas été conservé en l’état. La documentation photographique et les archives de l’Institut pour l’histoire de l’aluminium permettent de comprendre pourquoi cet édifice aurait pu mériter un meilleur sort.
« Se faire une voix ». La production internationale du féminisme est-européen des années 1990-2000
Authors: Cîrstocea Ioana
Published: June 2016

Centrée sur la production symbolique et pratique du « féminisme est-européen » pendant la décennie 1990, notre analyse montre comment des institutions internationales ont créé un espace d’expression et fourni des ressources matérielles pour la promotion de la démocratie contribuant de la sorte à la légitimation d’actrices militantes localisées dans les pays ex-socialistes et engagées dans des mobilisations par-delà les frontières. Opérant avec une pluralité de niveaux d’observation et d’échelles d’analyse, nous abordons diverses institutions interconnectées, ainsi que la trajectoire d’une féministe multipositionnée qui tisse des relations entre niveaux et entre arènes de nature différente. Dans un contexte fortement structuré par l’action et les discours des organismes internationaux, l’espace des mobilisations féministes s’élargit pour inclure de nouvelles voix qui s’expriment en tant qu’héritières des régimes socialistes et transposent dans la politique internationale des droits des femmes leur expérience et leur réflexivité.
Avorter en prime-time
Authors: Conte Alexina , Gallepie Yannick , Morel Ludovic
Published: June 2016

Cet article est une étude du traitement de l’avortement dans les productions télévisuelles françaises. Elle s’attache à montrer que l’Interruption Volontaire de Grossesse (IVG) n’est que très faiblement portée à l’écran. Lorsqu’elle apparaît, c’est de manière stéréotypée, sous les traits d’une décision terrible utilisée uniquement en cas de dernier recours par les personnages. Ce traitement représente l’avortement comme un acte illégitime et renforce son statut de déviance légale.
Étude des perceptions de l’environnement de travail au cours du poste chez des travailleurs postés : intérêt d’une évaluation subjective et temporellement située de la charge de travail
Authors: Cascino Nadine , Mélan Claudine , Galy Édith
Published: June 2016

Pour mieux comprendre les effets du travail en horaires postés, nous avons étudié les variations des perceptions de l’environnement de travail selon le poste travaillé et la phase du poste. Le questionnaire construit, en référence au Job Content Questionnaire, mesure les perceptions de demandes, contrôle et soutien social et deux dimensions supplémentaires : les ressources techniques et humaines et les interférences travail-hors travail. Il a été renseigné à trois reprises (une heure après le début, en milieu et une heure avant la fin du poste) pour chaque poste occupé (matin, après-midi, nuit) par 38 personnels de soins (86 observations). Les résultats montrent des demandes psychologiques globalement plus élevées en début et milieu de poste et des demandes physiques plus élevées en fin de poste. Lors du poste de nuit, les personnels perçoivent davantage d’autonomie et moins de soutien des collègues. Des interactions entre le poste et la phase du poste indiquent une augmentation des ressources sur le poste du matin, une diminution l’après-midi et des valeurs stables la nuit. Pris ensemble, ces résultats indiquent que, si le poste de nuit paraît le moins exposé à la tension professionnelle, celui du matin donne lieu à des perceptions de stress positif en milieu de poste et de faible tension en fin de poste tandis que la tension professionnelle augmente tout au long du poste de l’après-midi. Ils soulignent l’importance d’une évaluation de la charge de travail selon le poste et le moment du poste chez des personnels de soins et de considérer différentes ressources en accord avec le modèle « job demands-resources » (Demerouti et al., 2001). Bien qu’ils ne puissent être généralisés à d’autres situations de travail et doivent être discutés à la lumière de l’activité de travail, la méthodologie développée apporte des données complémentaires à celles obtenues avec une approche plus globale.
The Role of the Psychiatrist Working with Transgender Patients
Authors: Pula Jack
Published: June 2016

There is a lack of psychiatric training and literature that addresses how best to care for transgender and gender-nonconforming (TGNC) people. This article seeks to give the psychiatrist working with TGNC adults a reliable framework and core concepts that help define the role of the psychiatrist working with this population. There are many functions of the psychiatrist, some of which are specific to TGNC identity consolidation and/or gender transition, and some that involve more generic or universal clinical considerations but require specialized knowledge about unique TGNC experiences and medical needs. There are social, cultural, historical, and political factors that affect the working alliance as well as the patient's health and forward trajectory. Working on a team and/or in collaboration with other medical providers and nonpsychiatric agencies is often necessary. Networking and expanding outside traditional psychiatric settings enhances education and clinical practice.

[
Psychiatr Ann.
2016;46(6):340–345.]
Effects of Textual Cue Manipulation on Student Recall in an Information Mapped Nutrition Text
Authors: Tanenbaum Barbara G. , Tillman Murray H.
Published: June 2016

Using the subject area of nutrition, this study examined the effects of different instructional features of an adjunctive text for nursing students who varied in reading level. Specifically, the study investigated the effects of both variations in instructional features of information-mapped text and the differences in student reading levels on immediate recall scores and work time spent on the modules.

A sample of 65 nursing students was classified into high and low reading groups according to the Nelson-Denny Reading Test, then randomly assigned to one of the three treatment groups. Analysis of covariance indicated significant treatment effects after adjusting the recall scores for the influence of verbal aptitude. Information-mapped text with either postquestions or postquestions and feedback yielded higher recall scores than information-mapped text alone.

Subjects whose modules contained postquestions or postquestions and feedback spent significantly more work time than subjects whose modules did not contain those features; however, when the recall scores were adjusted for the influence of work time spent on the modules, there were no significant differences. Conclusions and recommendations for the text construction process, especially for the adjunctive nursing text, are presented.