bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of Chinese ethnic minorities animation films from the perspective of globalisation
Authors: Sun Qinggang
Published: August 2022

Globalisation has caused inevitable social and cultural changes around the world. New social reality creates new challenges for society, and one of the ways to attract the attention of a large global audience is to produce high-quality animations. This study sought to determine what effect Chinese animation films about ethnic minorities have on international viewers. In order to achieve this goal, ten Chinese animations about ethnic minorities were selected and asked to be watched and evaluated by two groups of respondents from all over the world: Group 1 (ethnocultural experts, n = 24 and graduates of cultural specialties (undergraduates and masters), n = 102) and Group 2 (preschool, primary, and secondary school teachers, n = 112). Participants’ interest and engagement in watching the animations were assessed by the number of likes, comments, and willingness to share them. In sum, it was noted that only four of all the proposed animation films elicited a reaction from the majority of respondents, indicating low engagement and interest in the selected samples. Pedagogical, social, and developmental perspectives of promoting critical media literacy in international viewers through viewing the selected animations were rated on a four-point scale, 4 being very influential, 3—somewhat influential, 2—slightly influential, and 1—not influential at all. On this basis, the pedagogical perspective was evaluated by most respondents as slightly influential, social perspective as very influential (teachers) and slightly influential (experts), developmental perspective as slightly influential (teachers) and somewhat influential (experts), and cultural perspective as slightly influential. These findings imply no broad prospects for critical media literacy development after watching the selected Chinese animations about ethnic nationalities among international viewers. Against this background, this paper proposes a strategy to promote national values through animations. The implementation strategy consists of four steps: creating attractive animation, introducing fashion for cultural values, improving quality and adding special video effects, and borrowing best practices from other industries. The research results can be useful for animation developers, travel agencies, politicians, and the legislative and executive branches.
Spatial distribution and determinant factors of unmet need for family planning among all reproductive-age women in Ethiopia: a multi-level logistic regression modelling approach
Authors: Azanaw Melkalem Mamuye , Fentie Dawit Tefera , Bukayaw Yeaynmarnesh Asmare , Lakew Ayenew Molla , Sisay Malede Mequanent
Published: August 2022

Background

Unmet need for family planning has been remaining high in developing countries than developed countries, notably in sub-Saharan Africa. Data on unmet needs can help countries set service priorities. This study aimed to explore the geographical disparities of unmet need among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia using a 2016 national population-based survey.

Methods

This study was based on the nationally representative 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data. We used a total weighted sample of 15,683 reproductive-aged women. A multi-level logistic regression analysis was used to account for the Demographic Health Survey data’s hierarchal nature. In the multivariable multi-level analysis, those variables with a p-value < 0.05 were significantly associated with unmet needs. Spatial autocorrelation techniques were used to explore the clustering tendencies of unmet needss using Getis-Ord Gi* statistics.

Results

Overall, 15.2% (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 14.63, 15.76) of women of the reproductive age group in Ethiopia had an unmet need for family planning in 2016. In multivariable multilevel logistic regression analysis; individual-level variables such as being married (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 25.7,95% CI: 11.50,60.42), lowest wealth status (AOR = 1.43,95% CI:1.14,1.79), having five or more children (AOR = 1.98, 95% CI:1.62,2.41), being a follower of Muslim religion (AOR = 1.35,95% CI:1.03,1.76) and protestant religion (AOR = 0.73,95% CI: 0.53,0.99) than orthodox Christian followers were statistically associated factors with unmet need. Among community-level variables; being in rural residency (AOR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.93), belong to the Oromia region (AOR = 1.53, 95%CI: 1.10, 2.11) and Somali region (AOR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.22, 0.61) were significantly associated unmet need. The spatial analysis of unmet need among all women revealed that Oromia, Southern Nations, and Nationality of People and Gambela regions had high hotspots than other parts of the country.

Conclusions

In this study, the prevalence of unmet needs was high. Significant regional unmet need variation was indicated among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia, specifically in western parts of the country. Wealth status, number of children, marital status, residence, and religion were the most important associated factors with unmet needs. Addressing unmet needs targeted rural residents with low socioeconomic status, and western regions should be given top priority.
(Dis)agreement of polymyalgia rheumatica relapse criteria, and prediction of relapse in a retrospective cohort
Authors: Bolhuis Thomas E. , Marsman Diane , van den Hoogen Frank H. J. , Broeder Alfons A. den , Broeder Nathan den , van der Maas Aatke
Published: August 2022

Background

To develop and assess a prediction model for polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) relapse within the first year of glucocorticoid (GC) treatment.

Methods

A retrospective PMR cohort (clinical diagnosis) from a rheumatology department was used. All visits > 30 days after starting GC treatment and with > 2.5 mg/day oral prednisolone were used as potential relapse visits. Often used relapse criteria (1) rheumatologist judgement, (2) treatment intensification-based relapse) were assessed for agreement in this cohort. The proportion of patients with treatment-based relapse within 1 and 2 years of treatment and the relapse incidence rate were used to assess unadjusted associations with candidate predictors using logistic and Poisson regression respectively. After using a multiple imputation method, a multivariable model was developed and assessed to predict the occurrence (yes/no) of relapse within the first year of treatment.

Results

Data from 417 patients was used. Relapse occurred at 399 and 321 (of 2422) visits based on the rheumatologist judgement- and treatment-based criteria respectively, with low to moderate agreement between the two (87% (95% CI 0.86–0.88), with κ = 0.49 (95% CI 0.44–0.54)). Treatment-based relapse within the first two years was significantly associated with CRP, ESR, and pre-treatment symptom duration, and incidence rate with only CRP and ESR. A model to predict treatment intensification within the first year of treatment was developed using sex, medical history of cardiovascular disease and malignancies, pre-treatment symptom duration, ESR, and Hb, with an AUC of 0.60–0.65.

Conclusion

PMR relapse occurs frequently, although commonly used criteria only show moderate agreement, underlining the importance of a uniform definition and criteria of a PMR specific relapse. A model to predict treatment intensification was developed using practical predictors, although its performance was modest.
Hybrid dual attack on LWE with arbitrary secrets
Authors: Bi Lei , Lu Xianhui , Luo Junjie , Wang Kunpeng , Zhang Zhenfei
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we study the hybrid dual attack over learning with errors (LWE) problems for any secret distribution. Prior to our work, hybrid attacks are only considered for sparse and/or small secrets. A new and interesting result from our analysis shows that for most cryptographic use cases a hybrid dual attack outperforms a standalone dual attack, regardless of the secret distribution. We formulate our results into a framework of predicting the performance of the hybrid dual attacks. We also present a few tricks that further improve our attack. To illustrate the effectiveness of our result, we re-evaluate the security of all LWE related proposals in round 3 of NIST’s post-quantum cryptography process, and improve the state-of-the-art cryptanalysis results by 2-15 bits, under the BKZ-core-SVP model.
Probiotics media: significance, challenges, and future perspective - a mini review
Authors: Kumar Vijay , Naik Bindu , Kumar Akhilesh , Khanduri Naresh , Rustagi Sarvesh , Kumar Sanjay
Published: August 2022

The health benefits associated with probiotics have increased their application in pharmaceutical formulations and functional food development. High production of probiotic biomass requires a cost-effective production method and nutrient media optimization. The biomass production of probiotics can be enhanced by optimizing growth parameters such as substrate, pH, incubation time, etc. For economical industrial production of probiotic biomass, it is required to design a new medium with low cost. Wastes from the food industries are promising components for the development of the low-cost medium. Industrial wastes such as cheese whey and corn steep liquor are excellent examples of reliable sources of nitrogen for the biomass production of probiotic bacteria. The increased yield of biomass reduced the cost of production. This review focuses on the importance of probiotic media for biomass production and its challenges.

Graphical Abstract
Mood regulation, alexithymia, and personality disorders in female patients with opioid use disorders
Authors: El Rasheed Amany Haroun , Elserafy Doha Moustafa , Marey Mennatullah Ali , Hashem Reem El Sayed
Published: August 2022

Background

Opioid use disorders are rising among females. So, there is a need for more recognition of the various factors contributing to this trend in women, to help us to plan effective interventions to this group of patients. Hence, we conducted this research to identify risk factors associated with opioid use in females including mood regulation, alexithymia, and personality disorders. The study included 60 females ranging from 18 to 45 years [30 females diagnosed with opioid use disorder according DSM-IV (case group), and 30 females with no mental illness diagnosis according to general health questionnaire (control group)]. The subjects were recruited from inpatients and outpatient clinic of Al-Abbassia Hospital, Cairo, Egypt. Both groups were assessed by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV axis II disorders (SCID II) for personality, Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS) for emotional regulation and Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (TAS-20) for alexithymia.

Results

Regarding sociodemographic data, cases were significantly different from controls as they are less educated (P < 0.001), more 73% (22) unemployed (P <0.001) and 56.7% (17) of cases had positive family history of first degree relatives with drug use (P = 0.001).

SCID II showed more significant personality disorders diagnosis among cases as (borderline, antisocial, paranoid, schizotypal, and schizoid personality disorder) (P < 0.001, < 0.001, 0.01, 0.003, and 0.005, respectively) and also multiple personality disorders (P < 0.001) diagnosis. As regards alexithymia all cases were classified as having alexithymia 100% versus 56.7% among controls. Meanwhile, cases showed more difficulty in identifying (P < 0.001) and describing feelings (P = 0.001) and more externally oriented thinking (P = 0.010). Results of TMMS showed cases had lower total score on TMMS (p = 0.016). Signifying their inability to regulate their emotions in comparison to controls. There was no significant association between alexithymia, sociodemographic data, TMMS, and SCID II among cases group.

Conclusions

The present study found that females with opioid use disorders tend to be less educated, unemployed with positive family history of substance abuse, and diagnosed mainly with cluster A and B personality disorders. Moreover, had difficulty in identifying, describing, and regulating their emotions.
Induced seismicity potential based on probabilistic geomechanics for the San Juan Basin CarbonSAFE project
Authors: McCormack Kevin L. , Bratton Tom R. , Chen Ting , McPherson Brian J.
Published: August 2022

Although geologic carbon sequestration projects have yet to induce — or may never induce — a damaging earthquake, experiences from other deep injection industries such as hydraulic fracturing, enhanced geothermal systems, and saltwater disposal suggest that effective quantitative seismic risk assessment is necessary for deep saline carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) projects. One such imminent CCS project is the San Juan Basin CarbonSAFE Phase III program. We use Monte Carlo probabilistic geomechanical analyses combined with observations of the geologic and operational parameters of the San Juan Basin site and suggest that this project is of low-induced seismic risk. The primary analysis is split into four sections. First, we assess the literature for faults and past seismicity, and at least five faulting scenarios are directly relevant. Second, we develop and calibrate an integrated earth model for the project site. Third, we perform Monte Carlo simulations that consider reasonable uncertainties of the geomechanical parameters. Of five tested faulting scenarios, only one presents high Coulomb failure functions, but fourth, we determine the risk to be low based on the combined lack of historical seismicity, the geologic framework of the faulting scenario, and the presence of saltwater injection at the same depth as the proposed supercritical carbon dioxide injection. The most sensitive parameters in the geomechanical calculations are the fault dip and the coefficient of friction. The least sensitive are the fault strike and the orientation of the maximum horizontal principal stress.
Rock-physics modeling for the elastic properties of gas hydrate-bearing sediments under varying fluid saturation and temperature
Authors: Yuan Hemin , Wang Yun , Wang Xiangchun , Wu Zhifang , Wang Yang
Published: August 2022

The microscale physical properties of gas hydrate-bearing sediments (HBSs) are significant for understanding their macroscale elastic responses and further facilitating seismic exploration. Several models have been developed to investigate the microscale properties of gas HBSs, whereas most of them place emphasis on the construction of the rock frame, ignoring the influence of mixing patterns of pore fluids. Based on laboratory observations, we have developed a rock-physics model that integrates the spatial distribution of gas hydrate, water, and free gas in pores; in addition, this model considers the variable stress-strain relationship of the pore fluids depending on hydrate saturation. We also attempt to incorporate the effect of temperature on the elastic properties of gas HBSs through theoretical modeling. Our approach of handling hydrate-gas spatial relationship reasonably delineates the velocity trends, ensuring that prediction results are congruent with field data. Moreover, the variable stress-strain relationship of the pore fluids allows for the achievement of better simulation results than those by conventional iso-stress and iso-strain fluid mixing schemes. Integrating the factors tied to hydrate dissociation and hydrate moduli reduction during heating processes enables the prediction of a declining trend in the velocity-temperature relation, which is congruent with laboratory-measured data. This model provides an alternative approach to predict the elastic properties of gas HBSs and can reasonably explain the effects of fluid saturation and temperature.
Crescents, an Independent Risk Factor for the Progression of Type 2 Diabetic Kidney Disease
Authors: Sun Liya , Duan Tongyue , Zhao Qing , Xu Lujun , Han Yachun , Xi Yiyun , Zhu Xuejing , He Liyu , Tang Chengyuan , Fu Xiao , Sun Lin
Published: August 2022

Context

Crescents have been noticed in pathologic changes in patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD). However, the clinical significance of crescents is still not well recognized.

Objective

The main objective was to investigate the association between crescents and the prognoses of type 2 DKD (T2DKD) patients, and, secondly, to analyze the relationship between crescents and clinicopathologic features.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study of 155 patients with T2DKD diagnosed by renal biopsy was carried out in a single center. Clinicopathologic features of patients with or without crescents were analyzed. Cox regression models and meta-analysis were used to determine the prognostic values of crescents for T2DKD. A nomogram was constructed to provide a simple estimation method of 1, 3, and 5-year renal survival for patients with T2DKD.

Results

Compared with T2DKD patients without crescents, patients with crescents had higher 24-hour proteinuria and serum creatinine levels, as well as more severe Kimmelstiel–Wilson (K-W) nodules, segmental sclerosis (SS), and mesangiolysis (all P < .05). Furthermore, the crescents were positively correlated with serum creatinine, 24-hour proteinuria, K-W nodules, SS, mesangiolysis, and complement 3 deposition. Multivariate Cox models showed that crescents were an independent prognostic risk factor for renal survival (hazard ratio [HR] 2.68, 95% CI 1.27-5.64). The meta-analyzed results of 4 studies on crescents in T2DKD confirmed that patients with crescents had a significantly higher HR for renal progression.

Conclusion

Patients with crescents in T2DKD have more severe clinicopathologic changes and worse prognoses. The crescent can serve as an independent risk factor for T2DKD progression.
Hypogonadism in Males With Genetic Neurodevelopmental Syndromes
Authors: Winters Stephen J
Published: August 2022

Genetic syndromes that affect the nervous system may also disrupt testicular function, and the mechanisms for these effects may be interrelated. Most often neurological signs and symptoms predominate and hypogonadism remains undetected and untreated, while in other cases, a thorough evaluation of a hypogonadal male reveals previously unrecognized ataxia, movement disorder, muscle weakness, tremor, or seizures, leading to a syndromic diagnosis. Androgen deficiency in patients with neurological diseases may aggravate muscle weakness and fatigue and predispose patients to osteoporosis and obesity. The purpose of this mini review is to provide a current understanding of the clinical, biochemical, histologic, and genetic features of syndromes in which male hypogonadism and neurological dysfunction may coexist and may be encountered by the clinical endocrinologist.
Determination of Half-lives of Circulating FSH and LH Glycoforms in Women During GnRH Receptor Blockade
Authors: Wide Leif , Eriksson Karin , Sluss Patrick M , Hall Janet E
Published: August 2022

Context

Both FSH and LH circulate as 2 glycoforms, differing in number of glycans: low-N-glycosylated glycoforms, FSHtri and LHdi, and fully N-glycosylated glycoforms, FSHtetra and LHtri.

Objectives

To determine the half-lives of endogenous circulating gonadotropin glycoforms in women during GnRH receptor blockade.

Design/Participants

Serum samples were collected in 8 healthy women before and up to 20 hours after administration of the NAL-GLU GnRH antagonist. Three women were in early follicular phase, 2 at mid-cycle phase, and 3 were postmenopausal.

Main Outcome Measures

The half-life of each glycoform was estimated by monoexponential decay for FSH (n = 8) and LH (n = 5). Data were analyzed using paired t tests.

Results

Half-lives in the circulation of low-N-glycosylated glycoforms of both FSH and LH were shorter than those of the fully N-glycosylated glycoforms (mean; range, FSHtri 343; 116-686 minutes vs FSHtetra 757; 436-1038, minutes, P = 0.0003; LHdi 125, 84-198 minutes vs LHtri 164, 107-235 minutes, P = 0.004). The half-lives of low-and fully N-glycosylated forms of LH were shorter than the corresponding half-lives of FSH glycoforms, P = 0.0008.

Conclusions

For both FSH and LH, low-N-glycosylated glycoforms disappeared from the circulation faster than the fully N-glycosylated. The half-lives of low and fully N-glycosylated forms of LH were shorter than the corresponding half-lives of FSH. The estimated values for half-life in the circulation of total FSH and total LH will depend on the relative amounts of the 2 glycoforms of each hormone and their individual disappearance rates in circulation.
Relationship Between Hypoglycemia Awareness Status on Clarke/Gold Methods and Counterregulatory Response to Hypoglycemia
Authors: Rubin Nathan T , Seaquist Elizabeth R , Eberly Lynn , Kumar Anjali , Mangia Silvia , Öz Gülin , Moheet Amir
Published: August 2022

Context

Impaired awareness of hypoglycemia (IAH) is characterized by the diminished ability to perceive symptoms of hypoglycemia. Gold and Clark questionnaires are commonly used to identify patients with IAH. The relationship between IAH status on questionnaires and a person’s symptom and epinephrine responses to hypoglycemia are not well understood.

Objective

We aimed to examine the relationship between hypoglycemia awareness status on Clarke and Gold questionnaires with both hormonal and symptomatic responses to experimental hypoglycemia.

Methods

In this university medical center study, we examined data from 78 subjects with type 1 diabetes (T1D) who completed both questionnaires and underwent a hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemic clamp (target glucose 50 mg/dL).

Results

Clarke and Gold scores were highly correlated with one another (r = 0.82) and each had a moderate negative relationship with epinephrine (Clarke: r = -0.51, Gold: r = -0.50) and total symptom response (Clarke: r = −0.59, Gold: r = −0.57). However, 32% of the subjects were classified inconsistently by Clark vs Gold. A clustering analysis was done to examine how disagreement between the 2 questionnaires on IAH classification relates to epinephrine and symptoms responses during hypoglycemia. Subjects who had partial loss of symptoms or of epinephrine response were more likely to be classified inconsistently.

Conclusion

Our results show that IAH classification may be discordant between Clark and Gold questionnaires and that hypoglycemia awareness status on Clarke and Gold questionnaires poorly predicts hormonal and symptomatic responses to hypoglycemia in subjects with T1D and moderate blunting of symptoms or epinephrine.
The predictive value of models of neuromuscular disorders to potentiate clinical translation
Authors: van Putten Maaike
Published: August 2022

Neuromuscular disorders (NMDs) are a heterogenous group of rare inherited diseases that compromise the function of peripheral nerves and/or muscles. With limited treatment options available, there is a growing need to design effective preclinical studies that can lead to greater success in clinical trials for novel therapeutics. Here, I discuss recent advances in modelling NMDs to improve preclinical studies as well as two articles from this issue that work in parallel to enable a deeper understanding of a particularly rare NMD, known as X-linked myotubular myopathy.
Tożsamość konstytucyjna a relatywizacja ochrony praw człowieka
Authors: Niżnik-Mucha Agata
Published: August 2022

CONSTITUTIONAL IDENTITY AND THE RELATIVISATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS PROTECTION The phenomenon of “constitutional identity” is characterized by the ambiguity of the concept as well as the diverse, multifaceted scope of its application. This paper focuses on a particular dimension of constitutional identity and considers whether, beyond its added values, there is a potential danger of using this construct to relativise the protection of particular fundamental rights and to lower the standard of protection of these rights at the national level. It is noticeable that individual states refer to particular aspects of constitutional identity, determined by a specific cultural or historical context, e.g. in disputes on supranational and international levels. Unfortunately, identity arguments are particularly tempting for the authorities in states departing from liberal democracy – such authorities are especially predestined to relativise the freedoms and rights of various minorities, whom they identify as the “enemy” of the monolithic real people. As an illustration of these dangers, the author uses the example of Hungary, which is peculiar in that the populist Fidesz party succeeded in gaining a constitutional majority and having a new Hungarian Basic Law passed in 2011.
Zasada państwa prawa jako element polskiej tożsamości konstytucyjnej
Authors: Tuleja Piotr
Published: August 2022

THE PRINCIPLE OF THE RULE OF LAW AS AN ELEMENT OF POLISH CONSTITUTIONAL IDENTITY The aim of the article is to define the role of the rule of law in the Polish legal system and answer the question of whether it constitutes an element of constitutional identity. Until 1989, the rule of law had not been a subject of interest in Polish doctrine and jurisprudence. During the transformation, its content was shaped by the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Tribunal. In the Constitution of 1997, the rule of law became an element of constitutional identity. The recent constitutional crisis in Poland has caused a crisis of constitutional identity. One of its negative effects is the transfer of Polish constitutional problems to the European Union level. The rejection of the rule of law after 2015 is not based on an alternative vision of the system.
Wpływ populistycznego konstytucjonalizmu na tożsamość konstytucyjną
Authors: Nowina-Konopka Kacper
Published: August 2022

THE INFLUENCE OF POPULIST CONSTITUTIONALISM ON CONSTITUTIONAL IDENTITY The article connects two important and current issues: populist constitutionalism and constitutional identity. The text presents two ways of perceiving constitutional identity on the grounds of jurisprudence and legal doctrine: a static and a dynamic approach. Then, the article describes the characteristics of the phenomenon of populist constitutionalism using the achievements of different social sciences. The essence of the paper is an attempt to explain how, through the implementation of populist constitutionalism, a modification in the substance of constitutional identity can be made. In order to illustrate the theoretical considerations with a practical example, the work presents a transformation in the constitutional position and role of the Polish Constitutional Tribunal.
Tráfico ilegal de anfibios en Colombia. Un análisis jurídico
Authors: Güiza Suárez Leonardo , Balcázar Salazar Andrés , Acevedo Cendales Luz Dary
Published: August 2022

La presente publicación hace un análisis desde la sociología jurídica del tráfico ilegal de fauna silvestre en Colombia con énfasis en los anfibios. En este análisis se identifica la brecha que existe entre el ordenamiento jurídico y el cumplimiento de las normas frente a la dramática situación de tráfico de especies que existe hoy en día en el país. Esta obra es resultado de un estudio conjunto entre investigadores de la Universidad del Rosario y Wildlife Conservation Society que duró aproximadamente un año en el que se realizaron entrevistas y recabó información a través de derechos de petición, y cuyo resultado es este libro que esperamos contribuya a mejorar los controles y la acción institucional por parte de la sociedad civil en este tema vital para la protección y conservación de la biodiversidad nacional.
From film reception to translation production: Suboptimal visual-verbal coding
Authors: Deckert Mikołaj , Augustyn Rafał
Published: August 2022

Typically, translation is conceived of as a process in which the translator is presented with source elements to be rendered into the target language. In this paper we focus on a decision-making phase that is taken for granted in the above formulation but emerges in the context of audiovisual translation, where the source material is semiotically complex. That phase consists in deciding whether certain source elements are to be translated. Language in film is canonically thought of as dialogues or monologues that are delivered orally, and it comes as no surprise that research into the translator’s decisions has been mostly concerned with this mode of communication. An under-examined case is when rather than being spoken, language is shown on the screen. As is argued in this paper, such scenarios have rich meaning-making potential and clearly deserve scholarly attention. The paper has two main objectives. The first one is to offer insights into how different types of visual verbal coding (VVC) function in film, with an emphasis on the implications for the translator’s decisions. The second objective is to offer a methodological perspective. To that end, the reported research into VVC is two-pronged. First, we offer an introspection-based qualitative analysis of a representative selection of VVC cases. That line of inquiry is then combined with input obtained from a reception experiment.
The Emergence of Novel Product Uses: An Investigation of Exaptations in IKEA Hacks
Authors: Chan Tian Heong , Lim Shi-Ying
Published: August 2022

Exaptation refers to the emergence of novel functionalities in existing products. Exaptations frequently arise in the context of users who creatively modify (or hack) existing products to accommodate new needs. Here, we examine how product-first (compared with problem-first) search affects the occurrence of exaptations. In a product-first search, the user identifies the product to be hacked before seeking a viable need. In a problem-first search, the user has a defined problem before seeking a viable solution. We argue that users are more likely to achieve exaptations following a problem-first (compared with a product-first) search. Indeed, with problem-first search, they are less likely to face functional fixedness, and they can leverage their greater awareness of problems that may not have readily adaptable solutions, which leads them to generate exaptations. Using a novel data set comprising user hacks of IKEA products, we present evidence that hacks originating from a product-first search are less likely to generate exaptations than hacks originating from a problem-first search. We also show that this difference is mitigated when the user has hacking experience or when the IKEA product being hacked is more modular. We also explore how the mitigation happens. Increased hacking experience appears to reduce functional fixedness; meanwhile, increased product modularity increases the likelihood that users will make serendipitous discoveries leading to exaptations. We contribute to the growing literature on exaptation as a source of novelty and discuss the implications of this phenomenon for managing user innovation.

This paper was accepted by Sridhar Tayur, entrepreneurship and innovation.

Funding: Financial support from the Singapore Ministry of Education Academic Research Fund [Tier 1 Grant 251RES1907] is gratefully acknowledged.

Supplemental Material: The data and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4486 .
Traditional Houses in Ethnomathematical-Thematic-Connected-Based Mathematics Learning
Authors: Hariastuti Rachmaniah Mirza , Budiarto Mega Teguh , Manuharawati Manuharawati
Published: August 2022

Traditional houses are part of the culture of every country. Indonesia is a country that has a variety of traditional houses. The traditional Banyuwangi house is known as the Using house. This house can be explored in terms of ethnomathematics and used as part of learning mathematics. This research is focused on knowing and describing mathematics learning that integrates the ethnomathematics of Using house, thematic, and connected models. The research was also conducted to determine the effectiveness of the learning that has been carried out. The results showed that the use of the Using house in ethnomathematical-thematic-connected-based mathematics learning: (1) could be done using the trivium concept (literacy, matheracy, and technoracy); (2) can be done thematically by integrating four subjects (Indonesian, social sciences, fine arts, and mathematics); (3) can be connected by integrating two mathematical concepts (two-dimensional geometry and arithmetic); (4) through seven phases of learning; and (5) effective because 80% of students can solve problems as expected.
Método invertido y modelo didáctico: una perspectiva motivadora del aprendizaje virtual en contextos de pandemia
Authors: Fernández Miranda Marina , Dios Castillo Christian Abraham , Sosa Córdova Diana Mercedes , Camilo Cépeda Andrés
Published: August 2022

INTRODUCCIÓN. La pandemia por COVID-19 llevó a declarar la emergencia sanitaria en el mundo generando una crisis sin precedentes en todos los ámbitos. En la esfera de la educación dio lugar al cierre de instituciones, pero también se convirtió en una oportunidad educativa para transformar las aulas presenciales en aulas virtuales garantizando la continuidad de la enseñanza universitaria, empleando modelos pedagógicos, estrategias metodológicas, recursos e infraestructura digital. El método invertido es una metodología fundamental donde el estudiante lee y revisa el material en casa y las tareas son realizadas después en clase utilizando tecnologías. MÉTODO. La investigación tiene enfoque cuantitativo, diseño preexperimental. Para su realización, se ha empleado como instrumentos pretest, postest y rúbricas en línea. Fueron aplicadas a 154 estudiantes de la asignatura de Tecnología del Aprendizaje de la carrera de Psicología. RESULTADOS. Los hallazgos revelan que la integración del modelo invertido y el modelo didáctico (IUTPC) en contextos digitales mejoran significativamente la motivación del aprendizaje de los estudiantes. Tras el experimento se obtuvo una media aritmética más alta en la dimensión comunicativa, lo que significa que los estudiantes tuvieron muy buena interacción entre docentes y estudiantes para comunicarse por e-mail, mensajería interna, chat, foros y videoconferencia. En segundo lugar, la dimensión práctica, los estudiantes desarrollaron efectivamente las actividades formativas. La dimensión informativa está organizada y estructurada a través de carpetas-directorios. Finalmente, la dimensión evaluativa con la participación de los estudiantes en los foros y tutorías grupales. RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN. Destacan los aportes de la investigación por cuanto la red neuronal del cerebro proporciona los estímulos indispensables para la motivación de los estudiantes que involucra elementos cognitivos y afectivos de estrecha relación con el aprendizaje autónomo crítico y creativo desde la perspectiva de la taxonomía de Bloom para la era digital.
Fast-growing native tree species to the secondary forest of East Kalimantan, Indonesia: Physicochemical properties of woody materials for bioelectricity feedstocks
Authors: YULIANSYAH YULIANSYAH , HAQIQI MUHAMMAD TAUFIQ , SETIAWAN KRISNA ADIB , SETIAWAN AGUS , SAPUTRA PRISTIANGGA DWI , ROMADLON HERI SUKMA IQBAL , MUKHDLOR AHMAD , RAMADHAN RICO , AMIRTA RUDIANTO
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Yuliansyah. Haqiqi MT, Setiawan KA, Setiawan A, Saputra PD, Romadlon HSI, Mukhdlor A, Ramadhan R, Amirta R. 2022. Fast-growing native tree species to the secondary forest of East Kalimantan, Indonesia: Physicochemical properties of woody materials for bioelectricity feedstocks. Biodiversitas 23: 3379-3386. The conversion of woody biomass into electricity through a thermochemical process has recently attracted significant attention worldwide to promote green energy production. It provides a low-cost and straightforward operation promising for developing rural areas, especially with limited transportation access. In East Kalimantan Province, almost all remote areas are surrounded by forests with high tree species diversity, which is the potential to be utilized for sustainable feedstocks in electric power plants. This study pointed out the energy potential produced from woody biomass of selected fast-growing tree species native to East Kalimantan secondary tropical forest: Elaeocarpus ferrugineus (Jacq.) Steud., Ficus aurata (Miq.) Miq., Fordia splendidissima (Blume ex Miq.) Buijsen, Lindera lucida (Blume) Boerl., Mallotus paniculatus (Lam.) Mull. Arg. and Schima wallichii (DC). Their wood physicochemical properties were firstly investigated. Furthermore, each species' wood quality for solid energy purposes was presented as the fuel value index (FVI). The results revealed that the change from greenwood into wood chip effectively removed the moisture content, thus improving efficiency to achieve higher energy potency. Our findings showed that the highest energy potency was obtained from the wood chip of F. splendidissima (3.61 MWh/ton), followed by S. wallichii (2.98 MWh/ton). A similar pattern was also found in FVI determination showing that the wood chip of S. Splendidissima had the greatest value (8970). Therefore, we observed that the high quality of S. splendidissima compared to other selected fast-growing species indicates its high suitability for further large-scale crop plantation to supply wood chips for biomass-based electricity generation.
Detection of Staphylococcus aureus from contact surfaces of public buses in Bangkok and metropolitan area, Thailand
Authors: BOONMAN NARUMON , CHUTRTONG JARUWAN , WANNA CHANATE , BOONSILP SIRIPHAN , CHUNCHOB SUPATRA
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Boonman N, Chutrtong J, Wanna C, Boonsilp S, Chunchob S. 2022. Detection of Staphylococcus aureus from contact surfaces of public buses in Bangkok and metropolitan area, Thailand. Biodiversitas 23: 3395-3400. The purpose of present investigation was to determine the prevalence of different species of genus Staphylococcus on the contact surfaces of public buses in Bangkok and metropolitan area. A total of 180 samples were collected from handrails, seats, and window frames of each bus of 2 bus terminals, Bangkhen and Morchit, divided into 15 non-air-conditioned buses and 15 air-conditioned buses from each terminal. The samples were cultivated and identified by Gram’s stain and biochemical tests. The results showed that 76.7% from Bangkhen and 80% from Mochit were contaminated with Staphylococcus spp. Based on the type of vehicles, Staphylococcus spp. was found in 93.3% of air-conditioned buses and 63.3% of non-air-conditioned buses. Considering the sampling location, Staphylococcus spp. was found in 28.3% of handrails, 50% of seats and 51.7% of window frames. Four isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were discovered among 294 isolates in a total of Staphylococcus spp., including 3 isolates from Bangkhen and 1 isolate from Mochit. Only one isolate was contaminated on the non-air-conditioned bus, whereas 3 isolates were on the air-conditioned buses. Two isolates of them were found from seats and 2 isolates from window frames. Disk diffusion susceptibility test showed that 3 isolates of S. aureus resisted fusidic acid and fosfomycin. The results suggested that Staphylococcus spp. and S. aureus were prevalence in public transport systems which were a source of infection to the persons. Therefore, effectively controlling their distribution is necessary to reduce the risk of bacterial infections in public bus users.
Long-term changes in floristic diversity, composition and stand structure in Acacia auriculiformis plantation in Mount Makiling Forest Reserve, Philippines
Authors: HERNANDEZ JONATHAN O. , ATA JESSA P. , COMBALICER MARILYN S.
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Hernandez JO, Ata JP, Combalicer MS. 2022. Long-term changes in floristic diversity, composition and stand structure in Acacia auriculiformis plantation in Mount Makiling Forest Reserve, Philippines. Biodiversitas 23: 3631-3638. There have been continuous debates about whether exotic tree plantation facilitates vegetation succession. In the Philippines, the potential for the re-establishment of native plant communities and improvement of the plant community structure under exotic tree plantations has not yet been evaluated adequately. Thus, the study investigated the dynamics in floristic diversity, composition and stand structure of a reforested area using Acacia auriculiformis Benth. in Sitio Kay Inglesia, Mount Makiling Forest Reserve (MMFR), Philippines. The changes in basal area, stem density, biomass growth, species diversity, species evenness and richness, and canopy closure were determined between two study periods, i.e., 1993-2008 and 2009-2019. Results revealed significant changes in stem density (i.e., 1324 to 2135 trees ha-1) and canopy closure (i.e., 18% to 10%) for mature trees and seedlings/saplings in 2009-2019. The changes in basal area and aboveground biomass were not significant between the two study periods. The species richness was significantly higher in 2009-2019 (i.e., 55 species) than in 1993-2008 (i.e., 22 species). The species diversity also significantly increased from low (i.e., H' = 1.99, S = 23) to moderate (i.e., H' = 2.88, S = 55). Moreover, the number of exotics decreased (i.e., 60 to 40% or 15 to 9 species) as the number of native ones increased (i.e., 27 to 72% or 15 to 40 species). Therefore, the findings of the present study show that re-establishment of native species is possible when restoring degraded land with A. auriculiformis plantation. However, monitoring studies on other key ecosystem attributes (e.g., ecosystem functionality, external exchanges, structural diversity) of the plantation are recommended to enhance our understanding of the species' potential for restoration.
Trait selection and screening of Indonesian local rice accessions for iron stress tolerance
Authors: LUBIS KHAIRUNNISA , LISNAWITA LISNAWITA , MAATHUIS FRANS , SAFNI IRDA
Published: August 2022

Iron (Fe) poisoning in rice causes changes in both morphological and physiological characteristics of the plants, but the stress response is often genotype-dependent. This research used a screening method on nutrient culture media to evaluate 20 local Indonesian genotypes for tolerance to Fe stress by studying the response of root morphology, vegetative growth, and biomass. This research aimed to identify cultivars that were highly resistant to excess Fe from 20 Indonesian local rice accessions. The research was conducted in a greenhouse from May to June 2019 and used a randomized complete block design with two factors and three replications. The first factor consisted of 20 local Indonesian rice accessions. The second factor was the concentration of Fe in the nutrient media (0, 100, 200, and 300 ppm Fe). The results showed that the high Fe concentration in the nutrient solution decreased root growth, vegetative growth, and biomass in a genotype-specific manner. The application of > 200 ppm Fe in the medium resulted in inhibition of plant growth characterized by yellowing and dry leaves, a decrease in the number of root branches, root length, number of tillers, leaf length, and shoot/root biomass. Several tolerant cultivars were discovered, including Inpara 9, Lipigo 2, and Sigambiri Merah, which could be useful in tolerance breeding. Evaluation of all parameters identified shoot dry weight and number of leaves as reliable traits to assess Fe toxicity tolerance in rice.
Karyomorphological delineation, and the NOR loci on the sex chromosome in three species of Chrysopeleinid (Chrysopeleinae: Colubridae) from Thailand
Authors: DONBUNDIT NATTASUDA , BAUSRIYOD PHICHAYA , TANOMTONG ALONGKLOD , SRISAMOOT NATTAPONG , SUMONTHA MONTRI , THONGNETR WEERA , PATAWANG ISARA , SUPIWONG WEERAYUTH , DITCHAROEN SUKHONTHIP , MUANGLEN NAWARAT , KAEWMAD PUNTIVAR
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Donbundit N, Bausriyod P, Tanomtong A, Srisamoot N, Sumontha M, Thongnetr W, Patawang I, Supiwong W, Ditcharoen S, Muanglen N, Kaewmad P. 2022. Karyomorphological delineation, and the NOR loci on the sex chromosome in three species of Chrysopeleinid (Chrysopeleinae: Colubridae) from Thailand. Biodiversitas 23: 3813-3819. The description of chromosomal characteristics of three snakes from Thailand namely, Ahaetulla fusca, A. prasina, and Chrysopelea ornata was by using conventional staining and Ag-NOR banding techniques. The results showed that the same diploid chromosome number (2n) = 36 (16 macrochromosomes + 20 microchromosomes) and the fundamental number (NF) was 54 while the karyotype formulae in these three species are as follows: A. fusca; 2n(36) = Lm6 + Sm2+ Ssm4 + Sa2+ ZZ/ZW + 20 microchromosomes, A. prasina; 2n(36) = Lm6+ Sm6+ Sa2+ ZZ/ZW + 20 microchromosomes and C. ornata; 2n(36) = Lm4+ Lsm2+ Sm2 + Ssm4+ Sa2+ ZZ/ZW + 20 microchromosomes. Besides, the ZZ/ZW sex chromosome was observed in all species, whereas C. ornata was discovered the heteromorphic sex chromosome for the first time. Nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) are located on telomeric region of one pair in all species, while located on microchromosomes in A. fusca and A. prasina, whereas C. ornata was detected on sex chromosomes. Therefore, the Z chromosome revealed the NOR on the telomeric region of the long arm, while NOR of the W chromosome was located on the telomeric region of the short arm.
Postponing the day of your dreams? Modern weddings and the impact of COVID-19
Authors: Pywell Stephanie , Probert Rebecca
Published: August 2022

COVID-19-related restrictions had an enormous impact on weddings in 2020. For three months, weddings were effectively prohibited, and requirements for social distancing, hand-sanitising and face coverings existed throughout England and Wales for the rest of the year. In August 2020, we conducted a survey of couples who were planning to marry between March and December 2020. This article focuses on how many respondents had postponed their wedding, and what they said about their reasons for doing so. We analyse their responses according to the significance attached to three alternative meanings of a wedding: an event for family and friends, a traditional ceremony that has to be conducted in a particular way, and the individualistic ‘perfect day’. We found that many couples attach considerable importance to who attends their weddings and that some traditions are very important to them, but few responses supported the notion that weddings are principally extravagant displays.
Integrated literacy instruction as anti-racist pedagogy in schools of social work
Authors: Jaffe Miriam , Bembry Natalie , Nicola Widian
Published: August 2022

Disproportionate access to literacy skills keeps many students from achieving leadership roles. Using an autoethnographic narrative as evidence, we call for an anti-racist pedagogy in accordance with the social work code of ethics – one that changes how we understand literacy in graduate programmes. We suggest that the implementation of Writing Across the Curriculum via enhanced teacher training in grammar is a necessary outcome of cultural humility at the institutional level. We find that literacy is a social justice issue within our profession and educational context. We hope to inspire more research on how standards and educational policies could meet our proposed goals for educational equality.
Not on the agenda: investigatory notes on the institutionalised marginalisation of Arabs within the Israeli Social Workers’ Union
Authors: Mahajne Ibrahim
Published: August 2022

This study reveals tensions between Jews and Arabs in the Israeli Social Workers’ Union, examining the characteristics, experiences and functioning of the Arab minority representatives over the years until the recent election of a new radical socialist-feminist leadership. Data were elicited from semi-structured in-depth interviews with Arab delegates to the union. It was found that the policies of the union’s institutions discriminate against Arab social workers in three dimensions: (1) under-representation in all its organs, including participation in paid staff in the headquarters and district offices; (2) lack of attention to Arab workers’ voice in the union’s published platforms; and (3) lack of consideration of Arab social workers’ unique needs in programmes more appropriate for Jews. The union fails in its role as the formal and exclusive representative of Arab social workers, who suffer from discriminatory government consideration, including unequal budgeting, lack of recognition and lack of participation in decision making.