bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Review of Early Findings within the Collaborative Research Programme MUZIC—“Mechanistic Understanding of Zirconium Corrosion”
Authors: Preuss Michael
Published: July 2021

This paper comprises a review of some of the early research carried out within the Mechanistic Understanding of Zirconium Corrosion (MUZIC) consortium, which began in 2007 and was the first significant collaborative UK research program in the field of zirconium-based nuclear fuel cladding in the new millennium. MUZIC was funded by the UK's Engineering and Physical Science Research Council, with strong support from the nuclear industry in the UK, France, Sweden, and the United States. MUZIC is widely seen as the research program that kick-started the vibrant new UK research activity in zirconium-based fuel cladding, utilizing a modern collaborative approach through forming a seamless team between academia and the nuclear industry. The focus of MUZIC was understanding the root cause of the cyclic aqueous corrosion kinetics of commercial nuclear-grade zirconium alloys. The consortium focused particularly on the role of tin (Sn) in reducing the time of a corrosion cycle and therefore enhancing the overall corrosion kinetics.
Thoughts on the Needed Focal Areas in the Research and Understanding of In-Reactor Corrosion, Hydrogen Absorption, and Hydrogen Migration in Zirconium Alloys
Authors: Kammenzind Bruce F.
Published: July 2021

Despite more than 60 years of research and development into the topics of corrosion, hydrogen absorption, and hydrogen migration in zirconium alloys, significant gaps remain in our fundamental understanding of many of the key processes and factors that govern and differentiate the in-reactor performance of one alloy from another—in particular, the mechanisms behind the significantly different in-reactor corrosion and hydrogen pickup performance of the zirconium-tin (Zr-Sn) family of alloys from the zirconium-niobium (Zr-Nb) family of alloys. This paper briefly reviews recent Naval Nuclear Laboratory work and publications on these topics related to Zircaloy-4, and it provides thoughts on the key areas for future development needed to advance our fundamental understanding of in-reactor corrosion, hydrogen pickup, and hydrogen redistribution in zirconium alloys.
Characterization of Seizure Induction Methods inDrosophila
Authors: Mituzaite Jurga , Petersen Rasmus , Claridge-Chang Adam , Baines Richard A.
Published: July 2021

Epilepsy is one of the most common neurologic disorders. Around one third of patients do not respond to current medications. This lack of treatment indicates a need for better understanding of the underlying mechanisms and, importantly, the identification of novel targets for drug manipulation. The fruit flyDrosophila melanogasterhas a fast reproduction time, powerful genetics, and facilitates large sample sizes, making it a strong model of seizure mechanisms. To better understand behavioral and physiological phenotypes across major fly seizure genotypes we systematically measured seizure severity and secondary behavioral phenotypes at both the larval and adult stage. Comparison of several seizure-induction methods; specifically electrical, mechanical and heat induction, show that larval electroshock is the most effective at inducing seizures across a wide range of seizure-prone mutants tested. Locomotion in adults and larvae was found to be non-predictive of seizure susceptibility. Recording activity in identified larval motor neurons revealed variations in action potential (AP) patterns, across different genotypes, but these patterns did not correlate with seizure susceptibility. To conclude, while there is wide variation in mechanical induction, heat induction, and secondary phenotypes, electroshock is the most consistent method of seizure induction across known major seizure genotypes inDrosophila.
Bioremediation of MP-polluted Waters Using Bacteria Bacillus licheniformis, Lysinibacillus massiliensis, and Mixed Culture of Bacillus sp. and Delftia acidovorans
Authors: Kučić Grgić Dajana , Cvetnić Matija , Bolanča Tomislav , Markić Marinko , Ukić Šime , Bule Kristina , Prevarić Viktorija , Ocelić Bulatović Vesna , Kovačević Antonija , Lovrinčić Ema , Miloloža Martina
Published: July 2021

Microplastic particles (MPs) are widely distributed pollutants in the environment. While a growing number of studies have shown that MPs are toxic to plant and animal life, systemic efforts to reduce their presence have been scarce. Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and polystyrene (PS) are one of the most common among all plastic-forming MPs. In this study, pure bacterial strains, Bacillus licheniformis and Lysinibacillus

massiliensis, and a mixed bacterial culture of Delftia acidovorans and Bacillus sp., were

used for biodegradation of LDPE and PS microplastics. Biodegradation of MP-PS and

MP-LDPE of particle size 300 – 500 μm was carried out under batch operating conditions at a temperature of 25 ± 2 °C, pH values of 7.15, and 160 rpm during 22 days. The

obtained results showed that mixed bacterial cultures degraded MP-LDPE and MP-PS

better than pure bacterial cultures, and the biodegradation efficiency was higher for MP-LDPE than for MP-PS, as indicated by greater reduction in peak intensity and spectral

deformation, higher colony forming unit (CFU), and inorganic carbon (IC) values.
The Problem of Phthalate Occurrence in Aquatic Environment
Authors: Prevarić Viktorija , Cvetnić Matija , Ukić Šime , Bolanča Tomislav , Milković Marin , Bule Kristina , Markić Marinko , Kučić Grgić Dajana , Miloloža Martina , Sigurnjak Bureš Marija
Published: July 2021

This review has four major objectives: I) to present the problem of phthalate pollution, II) to highlight common techniques for quantification of phthalate compounds in

water, III) to summarize current trends in determination of phthalates toxicity and point

out the major adverse effects, and IV) to discuss and critically compare modern approaches in purification of phthalate-polluted water samples and thus reveal the further

perspectives. Phthalates are organic compounds that are used extensively as additives in

plastics and personal care products. They have high leaching potential and, therefore,

they have been detected in various environments, including aquatic environments. Concentrations of phthalates in water are generally low, so their determination usually requires preconcentration. However, phthalates are compounds with very high hazardous

potential. Related toxicity studies have been focused mainly on long-term exposures, and

the results have shown that phthalates mainly affect the endocrine and reproductive systems. Therefore, phthalates have become a global concern. Their removal from the environment not only ensures environmental protection, but the protection of human health as well. Among various presented approaches for phthalates removal, anaerobic biodegradation has shown the highest potential for further developments because it is a promising technology for using wastewater as a source of green energy.
Mode Choice Prediction using Machine Learning Technique for A Door-to-Door Journey in Kuantan City
Authors: Mohd Ali Nur Fahriza , Mohd Sadullah Ahmad Farhan , P.P. Abdul Majeed Anwar , Mohd Razman Mohd Azraai , Muazu Musa Rabiu
Published: July 2021

A door-to-door journey in a public transportation system is a notable concept that is practically being promoted among users to consider public transport as an important alternative. The door-to-door journey will integrate the travel segments starting from home to destination, including all visible amenities. Users’ preferences on the time travel of these key segments are necessary to be understood. In this case, Machine Learning technique has been seen as a robust computational advancement to forecast their travel mode choice. However, the most convenient model as the best predictor is still questionable. To address this issue, we employed some pre-eminent machine learning models, specifically Random Forest (RF), Naïve Bayes (NB), Logistic Regression (LR), k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN) as well as Support Vector Machine (SVM), to compare their travel mode choice prediction performance of users in the city of Kuantan. The data collection was conducted in Kuantan City via Revealed/Stated Preferences (RPSP) Survey between 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM on weekdays. The data collected was split into a ratio of 80:20 for training and testing before evaluating them between the aforesaid models. The results depicted that the Random Forest could provide satisfactory classification accuracies for both training and testing data up to 68.3% and 61.3%, respectively, compared to the other evaluated machine learning models. In summary, Random Forest provides a good result in the training and testing data and is considered as the best predictor in this research to forecast users’ mode choice in the city of Kuantan.
Interaction of teachers and parents in the upbringing of children in a preschool educational organization in the context of modern requirements
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Belyaeva Raisa Aleksandrovna
Published: July 2021

The article presents an analysis of the pedagogical conditions of successful interaction between teachers and parents in the upbringing of children in a preschool educational organization. The features of social interaction of teachers, parents and other participants of the educational process are highlighted, the elements of social interaction in a preschool organization are identified. The ways and methods of using traditional and innovative forms of collaboration are shown. The article describes the traditional forms that are often used by teachers, and are effective in modern conditions of kindergarten work. Innovative forms of joint activity enable teachers and parents to use interactive means of communication, and as a result – to connect to the educational activities of children and become active participants in this activity. In the article, the author does not pretend to the completeness of the description of the forms, means and methods of interaction. Description and classification of innovative forms of joint interaction between teachers and parents is the task of the near future specialists of preschool education. For the successful implementation of the tasks set, it is necessary to take into account the material and social component, as well as a sufficient number of qualified teachers in the preschool organization. When describing the forms of interaction, special importance is given to the upbringing of the pedagogical culture of parents. The necessity of purposeful, systematic activity of teachers and parents of preschool organizations for the implementation of educational tasks is emphasized. The author gives a concrete example from the practice of preschool teachers.
Political science in university: problems and objectives of the modern stage of teaching
Authors:   Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management “NINH”, Bystrenko Valentina Ivanovna , Yaroslavtsev Viktor Georgievich ,   Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management “NINH”
Published: July 2021

Political science has been taught in universities in modern Russia for thirty years. Today, due to the complication of the political situation in the world and in Russia, some universities are criticized for teaching the wrong thing and in the wrong way. A number of universities, taking advantage of some freedom in the formation of curricula, are trying to remove political science from them. The authors, relying on the experience of teaching at the university, analyzed the content of programs, methodological documents, forms of control of students’ independent work, and showed what is the complexity of teaching this discipline at a university today, what and how it is necessary to improve. The authors conclude that today political science is needed in universities even more than in the 1990s .. when modern Russia was just being created, and the discipline was just being introduced into the public education system. The theoretical part of the course, which now prevails, must be promptly supplemented with a deeper analysis of the political life of modern Russia, which will ensure the training of specialists with relevant competencies in a state university.
A study of the COVID‐19 epidemic in India using the SEIRD model
Authors: Banerjee Rudra , Bhattacharjee Srijit , Varadwaj Pritish Kumar
Published: July 2021

Background

The coronavirus pandemic (COVID‐19) is causing a havoc globally, exacerbated by the newly discovered SARS‐CoV‐2 virus. Due to its high population density, India is one of the most badly effected countries from the first wave of COVID‐19. Therefore, it is extremely necessary to accurately predict the state‐wise and overall dynamics of COVID‐19 to get the effective and efficient organization of resources across India.

Methods

In this study, the dynamics of COVID‐19 in India and several of its selected states with different demographic structures were analyzed using the SEIRD epidemiological model. The basic reproductive ratio R0 was systemically estimated to predict the dynamics of the temporal progression of COVID‐19 in India and eight of its states, Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, and Uttar Pradesh.

Results

For India, the SEIRD model calculations show that the peak of infection is expected to appear around the middle of October, 2020. Furthermore, we compared the model scenario to a Gauss
ian fit of the daily infected cases and obtained similar results. The early imposition of a nation‐wide lockdown has reduced the number of infected cases but delayed the appearance of the infection peak significantly.

Conclusion

After comparing our calculations using India’s data to the real life dynamics observed in Italy and Russia, we can conclude that the SEIRD model can predict the dynamics of COVID‐19 with sufficient accuracy.
Phase separation in synthetic biology
Authors: Shuyu Shi , Wen Si , Xiaoyi Ouyang , Ping Wei
Published: July 2021

Background

The concept of phase separation has been used to describe and interpret physicochemical phenomena in biological systems for decades. Many intracellular macromolecules undergo phase separation, where it plays important roles in gene regulation, cellular signaling, metabolic reactions and so on, due to its unique dynamic properties and biological effects. As the noticeable importance of phase separation, pioneer researchers have explored the possibility to introduce the synthetically engineered phase separation for applicable cell function.

Results

In this article, we illustrated the application value of phase separation in synthetic biology. We described main states of phase separation in detail, summarized some ways to implement synthetic condensates and several methods to regulate phase separation, and provided a substantial amount of identical examples to illuminate the applications and perspectives of phase separation in synthetic biology.

Conclusions

Multivalent interactions implement phase separation in synthetic biology. Small molecules, light control and spontaneous interactions induce and regulate phase separation. The sy
nthetic condensates are widely used in signal amplifications, designer orthogonally non‐membrane‐bound organelles, metabolic pathways, gene regulations, signaling transductions and controllable platforms. Studies on quantitative analysis, more standardized modules and precise spatiotemporal control of synthetic phase separation may promote the further development of this field.
High‐throughput experimental methods for investigating biomolecular condensates
Authors: Chen Taoyu , Lei Qi , Shi Minglei , Li Tingting
Published: July 2021

Background

The concept of biomolecular condensate was put forward recently to emphasize the ability of certain cellular compartments to concentrate molecules and comprise proteins and nucleic acids with specific biological functions, from ribosome genesis to RNA splicing. Due to their unique role in biological processes, it is crucial to investigate their compositions, which is a primary determinant of condensate properties.

Results

Since a wide range of macromolecules comprise biomolecular condensates, it is necessary for researchers to investigate them using high‐throughput methodologies while low‐throughput experiments are not efficient enough. These high‐throughput methods usually purify interacting protein libraries from condensates before being scanned in mass spectrometry. It is possible to extract organelles as a whole for specific condensates for further analysis, however, most condensates do not have a distinguishable marker or are sensitive to shear force to be extracted as a whole. Affinity tagging allows a comprehensive view of interacting proteins of target molecule yet only proteins with strong bonds may be pulled down. Proximity labeling serves as a complementary method to label more dynamic proteins with weaker interactions, increasing sensitivity while decreasing specificity. Image‐based fluorescent screening takes another path by scanning images automatically to illustrate the condensing state of biomolecules within membraneless organelles, which is a unique feature unlike the previous mass spectrometry‐based methods.

Conclusion

This review presents a rough glimpse into high‐throughput methodologies for biomolecular condensate investigation to encourage usage of bioinformatic tools by researchers in relevant fields.
Comparison between artificial neural networks and response surface methodology to predict the bending moment capacity of heat-treated wood dowel joints
Authors: Răcășan Sergiu , Bedelean Bogdan , Georgescu Sergiu , Varodi Anca Maria
Published: July 2021

The bending moment capacity of heat-treated wood dowel joints loaded in compression or tension was predicted via two artificial neural network (ANN) models. Additionally, a comparative study between similar models that were developed through response surface methodology (RSM) was performed. The joints were made of heat-treated ash (Fraxinus excelsior). The values of the ultimate failure load and the moment arms were recorded for each run via a universal testing machine. To develop the ANN models, the experimental data were randomly divided into three subsets, which were needed for the training, testing, and validation phases. The RSM models were obtained from the literature. The performances of the models were analyzed in terms of the correlation coefficient, coefficient of determination, root mean square error, mean square error, and mean absolute prediction error. A sensitivity analysis was also performed to observe potential changes in the results due to the uncertainty in the input variables. The ANN model better predicted the bending moment capacity of heat-treated wood dowel joints loaded in compression than the RSM model. In contrast, the RSM model predicted the bending moment capacity of joints loaded in tension more accurately than the ANN model.
Properties evaluation by thickness and type of oriented strand boards manufactured in continuous press line
Authors: Zeleniuc Octavia , Dumitrascu Adela-Eliza , Ciobanu Valentina Doina
Published: July 2021

Oriented strand boards (OSB) are widely used in construction replacing plywood. There are four types of boards (OSB/1, OSB/2, OSB/3, OSB/4) carried out depending on the conditions of uses. The present research aimed to evaluate the physical and mechanical performance of these types of boards, with 10 mm, 11 mm, 18 mm and 22 mm thicknesses. The boards were industrially manufactured using the continue press line. The results showed that the compression grade increased with decreasing of the wood strands densities, from 1.3 (OSB/1) to 1.1 (OSB/3). Thickness swelling values were lower for OSB/3 and OSB/2 with 35% and 14%, when compared to OSB/1. For these boards a slight increase in adhesive content and a lower speed of pressing line was set considering that they are designated for the exterior use. An increase in density with about 7.6% led to an increase with about 19% of modulus of rupture (MOR), when compare OSB 10 mm with OSB 22 mm. Improvements with 27% to 22% MOR and 13% to 10% modulus of elasticity (MOE) in case of OSB/3 and OSB/2 compared to OSB/1 were found. Internal bond (IB) values were with about 32% higher for OSB/3 than those reached by OSB/1 and the thinner boards registered 25% higher IB values even after boiling test, compared to the thicker ones.
A cross-sectional study of faith-based global health organizations to assess the feasibility of a Christian research collaborative
Authors: Paltzer Jason , Taylor Keyanna
Published: July 2021

Background: Religiosity and spirituality are recognized determinants of health, yet many faith-based organizations do not conduct or publicly disseminate research or evaluation data to inform practice. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of establishing a collaborative to support small to medium-sized, Christian, global health organizations in producing stronger evidence regarding the practice and application of integral mission health models.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was done using a digital, mixed-method (open- and closed-ended questions) survey. The survey was distributed through a convenience sample of Christian global health networks and member organizations representing over 1,000 primarily small to medium sized organizations. Information was collected regarding organizational research and evaluation publication/presentation experience, collaborative interests, evaluation and research barriers, and priorities.
Results: Responses totaled 116 and came from Christian health and development organizations in Africa, Asia, and North America. The survey revealed three organizational research priorities and areas of desired assistance from a collaborative: 1) disseminating impacts, 2) evaluation skills and resources, including integral mission measurement tools, and 3) research design resources and services. Interests varied depending on whether the organization was based inside or outside of the United States.
Discussion: The study aimed to identify priorities and barriers of Christian health organizations around research and outcomes evaluation. The findings suggest that a Christian research collaborative is not only feasible but could serve organizations throughout the world that have a desire to conduct more rigorous evaluation and research studies and disseminate and publish their results yet lack the time, knowledge, or resources to do so. Future studies should explore financial support systems to sustain a collaborative and create a model that could accommodate the different research and evaluation priorities depending on the location of the organization.
Perspectivas de Profissionais sobre a Comunicação Multimodal no Desenvolvimento de um Sujeito com Surdocegueira
Authors: MATA Simara Pereira da , SORIANO Karen Regiane , OLIVEIRA Jáima Pinheiro de
Published: July 2021

RESUMO: A comunicação é a base para todo o processo de ensino e aprendizagem de qualquer pessoa. Para o sujeito com surdocegueira, especialmente a de natureza congênita, é um desafio permanente que exige dos profissionais conhecimentos específicos, atuação adequada e bem fundamentada. Dessa forma, este estudo teve como objetivo identificar, na perspectiva de profissionais que atuaram com um sujeito com surdocegueira congênita, aspectos do uso de vias remanescentes simultâneas ou isoladas, para o estabelecimento da comunicação. Para tanto, considerando os princípios de uma pesquisa qualitativa do tipo descritiva, utilizou-se como procedimento de coleta de dados entrevistas semiestruturadas. As entrevistas foram transcritas na íntegra e tratadas a partir de seu conteúdo para a obtenção de subtemas que foram, posteriormente, agrupados e convertidos em categorias. Especificamente para essa análise, a categoria apresentada foi a de Comunicação Multimodal. A análise de dados permitiu identificar as perspectivas dos profissionais em relação ao uso de vias remanescentes simultâneas ou isoladas, para favorecer o estabelecimento de uma comunicação. De modo geral, observou-se que as perspectivas dos participantes estiveram relacionadas à combinação nas formas de antecipação das atividades e/ou ações por meio da utilização de diferentes vias sensoriais, com predominância dos sentidos gustativos e olfativos, enquanto o proprioceptivo e o cinestésico foram descritos em menor proporção. Além disso, os relatos indicaram tentativas de associação entre objetos concretos e sinais, buscando, assim, de acordo com os participantes, uma comunicação em nível menos elementar.
Emergência de Respostas de Seguir Instrução e de Tato-Intraverbal após Instrução com Múltiplos Exemplares
Authors: SILVA Elaine de Carvalho , ELIAS Nassim Chamel
Published: July 2021

RESUMO: O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar os efeitos do ensino com Instrução com Múltiplos Exemplares (Multiple Exemplar Instruction – MEI), envolvendo, em cada tentativa, a resposta de seguir uma instrução tato-intraverbal para uma relação espacial (por exemplo, esquerda) na emergência de novas respostas e para uma relação espacial não ensinada diretamente (por exemplo, direita) para partes do corpo (braço, orelha, mão, perna). Adicionalmente, foi testada a generalização por meio de objetos que não foram utilizados no ensino com MEI. Os participantes foram quatro crianças e adolescentes diagnosticados com Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo (TEA) e deficiência intelectual, de sete a 14 anos. A sequência do procedimento foi: testes de seguir instrução e de tato-intraverbal em linha de base; ensino com MEI para uma relação espacial; teste final de seguir instrução e de tato-intraverbal para a relação espacial não ensinada diretamente; teste de generalização. Foi utilizado o delineamento de múltiplas sondagens acoplado ao delineamento de linha de base múltipla entre os participantes. Os resultados sugerem que o ensino com MEI foi suficiente para a emergência das respostas não ensinadas diretamente e de generalização. Pôde-se inferir que o procedimento foi eficaz e eficiente, pois gerou a emergência de respostas não ensinadas diretamente e a aprendizagem se deu em poucos blocos.
Energy, nutrients and food sources in snacks for adolescents and young adults
Authors: Lopes Tatiane dos Santos , Mello Aline Veroneze de , Nogueira Luana Romão , Leme Ana Carolina Barco , Fisberg Regina Mara
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate associations between snacking and energy, nutrients and food source, and to identify the contribution of snacking across age, sex, weight status and lifestyle behaviors among adolescents and young adults. Methods: A sub-sample was calculated from the population-based cross-sectional study 2015-Health Survey of São Paulo (ISA-Capital). The survey “ISA-Nutrição” used a sample of non-institutionalized individuals aged >15 years. For this study, only adolescents (12-18 years old; n=418) and young adults (19-29 years old; n=218) were included. Snacks were identified, and their contribution to energy, nutrients, and food sources were calculated. Descriptive statistics and logistic regressions were used. Results: Participants experienced an average of 2.9±0.6 snacking occasions per day. Young adults consumed more energy from morning and night snacks, and adolescents, from afternoon snacks. The top three food sources on snacking contributed to 30.5% of energy: cookies (11.8%), sugar sweetened beverages (9.4%), sweets and other desserts (9.3%). Although results were non-significant, being a female (Odds Ratio [OR] 0.93; 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 0.36-1.49), meeting the physical activity recommendations (OR 0.75; 95%CI 0.25-1.25), and scoring higher for the healthy eating index (OR 0.88; 95%C 0.24-1.52) were all factors related to increased intake of snacks. Alternatively, overweight individuals (OR -0.54; 95%CI -1.00 to -0.08) consumed less snacks. Conclusions: Improving the quality of snacks should be considered in behavior-change strategies.
Endovascular treatment of intrarenal aneurysms bleeding and angiomyolipomas in a patient with tuberous sclerosis and polycystic kidney disease
Authors: Leite Túlio , Pazinato Lucas Vatanabe , Vidal Maria Juliana de Aquino , Freitas Danielo de , Leal Filho Joaquim Mauricio da Motta
Published: July 2021

Abstract Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) are conditions related to renal failure that can rarely occur in association as a contiguous gene syndrome. Angiomyolipomas (AMLs) are renal tumors strongly related to TSC that may rupture and cause life-threatening bleedings. We present a patient with TSC, ADPKD, and renal AMLs with persistent hematuria requiring blood transfusion. The persistent hematuria was successfully treated through endovascular embolization, a minimally invasive nephron sparing technique.
Custos catastróficos em pacientes com tuberculose no Brasil: estudo em cinco capitais
Authors: Guidoni Leticia Molino , Negri Leticya dos Santos Almeida , Carlesso Geisa Fregona , Zandonade Eliana , Maciel Ethel Leonor Noia
Published: July 2021

Resumo Objetivo avaliar o impacto econômico domiciliar do adoecimento pela tuberculose no Brasil. Método pesquisa transversal multicêntrica de 2016 a 2018, em cinco capitais do Brasil, em pacientes diagnosticados com tuberculose. Os custos totais foram a soma dos custos diretos e indiretos incorridos antes e durante o diagnóstico e tratamento. A regressão logística foi utilizada para estudar determinantes de custos catastróficos. A pobreza foi medida como renda familiar per capita diária < U$ 5,5. Resultados trezentos e sessenta e um pacientes foram inscritos no estudo. O custo extrapolação foi de R$3.664,47 (DP: R$ 2.667,67) e o custo total de extrapolação foi de R$22.291,82 (DP: R$ 16.259,50). No geral, 29% dos participantes do estudo foram caracterizados como pobres antes da tuberculose, e 39% depois. Em média, a renda diminuiu em 11% dos participantes e 41% tiveram custos catastróficos. Os determinantes estatisticamente significativos de experimentar custos catastróficos foram: participante ser o chefe da família, vivendo na pobreza antes da tuberculose, desemprego e interrupção do trabalho durante o tratamento (p < 0,05). Conclusão e implicações para a prática embora o tratamento seja financiado pelo governo, a tuberculose continua resultando em custos catastróficos e diminuição da renda para muitas famílias no Brasil.
Salud urbana y morbilidad urbana: efecto del caos de los medios de producción en la ciudad capitalista
Authors: Mata Giovanni Marlon Montes , Ortiz Rafael Monroy
Published: July 2021

Resumen La ciudad capitalista es dibujada con bolígrafos privados, cuyos trazos de apropiación describen un caos de los medios de producción. En el capitalismo edificado, el caos no solo permite la asignación de espacios materiales a cada actividad productiva bajo principios de “producción, distribución y acumulación”, sino que la morfología urbana de extracción de plusvalía o renta se resignifica en “extracción/contaminación y fragmentación/destrucción”, considerando solo externamente la salud ambiental y humana. Por tanto, para discutir críticamente el funcionamiento de la ciudad se propone la categoría teórica caos de los medios de producción, asumiendo que la morbilidad urbana es una condición predeterminada de la ciudad capitalista que le confiere el status de fundamental para su reproducción.
Desigualdade socioespacial e o impacto da Covid-19 na população do Rio de Janeiro: análises e reflexões
Authors: Ribeiro Daniel de Albuquerque , Braga Aruan Francisco Diogo , Teixeira Lino
Published: July 2021

Resumo A Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave é uma doença causada pelo novo coronavírus, cuja disseminação em escala mundial causou a pandemia da Covid-19. Este artigo tem por base a espacialização de dados governamentais relativos à capital fluminense, combinada com entrevistas e outros tipos de informações. Parte de uma perspectiva teórica que considera a ação de diferentes agentes na contribuição dos processos socioespaciais. A elaboração deste artigo teve por base o boletim Mapa Social do Corona , realizado pelo Observatório de Favelas, entre junho e agosto de 2020, que contou com a colaboração de uma equipe interdisciplinar em parceria com diferentes instituições e profissionais. Evidenciou-se como a desigualdade socioespacial contribuiu para uma taxa maior de letalidade nos bairros populares.
Socio-spatial inequality and the impact of Covid-19 on the population of Rio de Janeiro: analyses and reflections
Authors: Ribeiro Daniel de Albuquerque , Braga Aruan Francisco Diogo , Teixeira Lino
Published: July 2021

Resumo A Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave é uma doença causada pelo novo coronavírus, cuja disseminação em escala mundial causou a pandemia da Covid-19. Este artigo tem por base a espacialização de dados governamentais relativos à capital fluminense, combinada com entrevistas e outros tipos de informações. Parte de uma perspectiva teórica que considera a ação de diferentes agentes na contribuição dos processos socioespaciais. A elaboração deste artigo teve por base o boletim Mapa Social do Corona , realizado pelo Observatório de Favelas, entre junho e agosto de 2020, que contou com a colaboração de uma equipe interdisciplinar em parceria com diferentes instituições e profissionais. Evidenciou-se como a desigualdade socioespacial contribuiu para uma taxa maior de letalidade nos bairros populares.
Desigualdades intraurbanas e a Covid-19: uma análise do isolamento social no município de Porto Alegre
Authors: Augustin André Coutinho , Soares Paulo Roberto Rodrigues
Published: July 2021

Resumo A pandemia de Covid-19 explicitou desigualdades territoriais já presentes nas cidades brasileiras. Uma das formas de expressão dessas desigualdades foi a possibilidade de ficar em casa para se prevenir. Analisando um índice de isolamento social calculado a partir de dados de localização de telefones celulares, este artigo mostra que o isolamento no município de Porto Alegre não aconteceu de forma homogênea no território. Fatores como a ocupação, a renda e o IDH de cada região da cidade se relacionam com as diferentes taxas de isolamento encontradas e, consequentemente, ajudam a entender os diferentes graus de exposição ao vírus.
Coautoria urbana e quarentena: relações pessoa-cidade na pandemia do novo coronavírus
Authors: Rocha Gabrielle Queiroz da
Published: July 2021

Resumo Cidades vazias e nem tão vazias. Pessoas isolam-se, outras continuam explorando a cidade por necessidade ou por não temerem/acreditarem no perigo. A pandemia da Covid-19 mudou parte do mundo, e este artigo busca investigar novas perspectivas do conceito de coautoria urbana (Rocha, 2019) ante a crise. Essas perspectivas, pautadas por modificações nas relações dos cidadãos com a cidade, também transpassam a latência das desigualdades social e racial, gerando respostas das pessoas. Assim, busca-se compreender como as apropriações urbanas funcionaram e se organizaram durante o isolamento social, no momento de reabertura, e quais perspectivas do pós-pandemia, de forma ainda genérica. Este artigo se apoia em autores como Lefebvre (2008) e Foucault (1987), dentre outros, na observação do cotidiano e em entrevistas.
A fundação de Belo Horizonte: ordem, progresso e higiene, mas não para todos
Authors: Fernandes Patricia Capanema Alvares
Published: July 2021

Resumo O plano de Belo Horizonte, capital inaugurada no fim do século XIX, teve ordem, progresso e higiene como premissas básicas. Todavia, a cidade apresenta, desde suas origens, um padrão peculiar de segregação socioespacial. Essa condição tem sido atribuída a seu plano, que previa a construção de uma zona urbana elitista, expulsando antigos moradores e imigrantes pobres para os subúrbios desorganizados e sem higiene, assim como áreas de risco e ambientalmente frágeis. Esta pesquisa histórica revela quais mecanismos e práticas resultaram em tal segregação socioespacial, agindo além do plano e em consequência dele, ao mesmo tempo que desafia dicotomias tais como centro rico/periferia pobre que têm dominado a historiografia sobre Belo Horizonte, revelando uma realidade muito mais complexa.
Participação política e Laboratórios de Inovação Cidadã: estudo dos CitiLab e MediaLab Prado na Espanha
Authors: Araújo Rafael de Paula Aguiar , Penteado Claudio Luis de Camargo , Santos Marcelo Burgos Pimentel dos
Published: July 2021

Resumo Este artigo analisa os Laboratórios de Inovação Cidadã na promoção da cidadania e da gestão urbana, através de práticas participativas e de uso de tecnologias digitais, para o desenvolvimento da democracia em nível local. Aliado ao uso criativo, interativo e cooperativo das TICs, os laboratórios produzem práticas colaborativas em diferentes projetos nas áreas cultural, social e política, como alternativa à política tradicional. Por meio de um estudo exploratório e analítico das experiências do CitiLab Cornellà e do MediaLab Prado, ambos na Espanha, o artigo analisa algumas práticas de inovações desenvolvidas nesses espaços e suas influências nas políticas públicas locais, através da ideia de gestão urbana compartilhada. Os resultados apontam para experiências transformadoras que promovem a política do comum.
Vitamin and mineral supplementation improves erythrocytic recovery and productive performance of infected by gastrointestinal parasites
Authors: FARIAS Lucas Balinhas , CARDOSO Jordani Borges , FEIJÓ Josiane de Oliveira , CORRÊA Marcio Nunes , BRAUNER Cassio Cassal , SIEGERT Francine , BARBOSA Antônio Amaral , DEL PINO Francisco Augusto Burkert , PEREIRA Rubens Alves
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a vitamin and mineral complex, associated with the application of an efficient anthelmintic, in parasitized lambs, with characteristic signs of gastrointestinal nematode infection, on hematological clinical parameters of clinical improvementand weight gain. 60 lambs Australian Merino breed, with 8 and 9 months of age, were segregated in four groups: control (no supplemetation); formula 1 (Iron Dextran, Organic Phosphorus, Cyanocobalamin and Vitamin k); formula 2 (Iron Dextran, Organic Phosphorus and Cyanocobalamin); and formula 3 (Vitamin k). Hematocrit, prothrombin time, total plasma proteins, color of the conjunctiva and weight gain were analyzed. The results were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) through the repeated measures test. There was no statistical difference between treatments for the variables of hematocrit (P = 0.564), prothrombin time (P = 0.911) and plasma proteins (P = 0.6), for the conjunctiva color variable there was a difference (P = 0.052 ), with greater results for the groups supplemented with Vitamin K, Butafosfan, Cyanocobalamin and Iron (groups F1 and F3), as well as those same groups reached higher body weight at D35 (P = 0.023). It can be concluded that the administration of vitamin and mineral complex, associated with efficient anthelmintic, promoted a better performance in parasitized lambs.
Processo de trabalho da equipe de enfermagem em Centros de Atenção Psicossocial Infanto-Juvenil
Authors: Delfini Giulia , Toledo Vanessa Pellegrino , Garcia Ana Paula Rigon Francischetti
Published: July 2021

RESUMO Objetivo Conhecer o processo de trabalho da equipe de enfermagem em Centros de Atenção Psicossocial Infanto-Juvenil de um município do estado de São Paulo. Método Estudo qualitativo, descritivo e exploratório, embasado na abordagem do materialismo histórico e dialético, realizado com a equipe de enfermagem por meio de observação participante e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Resultados Participaram 11 sujeitos da equipe de enfermagem. O processo de trabalho da equipe de enfermagem emerge da tensão dialética de duas categorias: o não saber, pautado na alienação do processo de trabalho de enfermagem e na subordinação ao saber da equipe multiprofissional, e o saber pautado na clínica de enfermagem delineada entre as perspectivas biológica e relacional. Conclusão O processo de trabalho da equipe de enfermagem acontece quando pautado em um não saber pela alienação ao saber do outro, e em um saber por meio da implementação do Processo de Enfermagem pela Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem na perspectiva biológica, considerando aspectos relacionais e administrativos, o que se configura como uma contradição.
Design method for the ‘impression pile’
Authors: Lalicata Leonardo Maria , Stallebrass Sarah Elizabeth , McNamara Andrew , Panchal Jignasha Prakash
Published: July 2021

Urban development in congested cities requires a better exploitation of the available surface, leading to taller structures. These buildings are usually founded on piles that have to be increased in dimension to accommodate the larger loads, resulting in increases in both the cost and the carbon dioxide footprint of the pile foundation. An alternative option is to improve pile performance by enhancing the shaft capacity, which is commonly the most important factor in determining the ultimate capacity of a pile constructed in a clay soil subjected to axial load. For piles in stiff clays such as London Clay, the soil–pile friction may be increased by profiling the side walls of a bored cast in situ pile with small discrete ‘impressions’ such that the latter form nodules on the shaft of the concreted pile. Centrifuge tests carried out at City, University of London, and field trials undertaken by Keltbray Piling across different London sites showed an increase in the shaft capacity of around 40%. In this work, a simple design method based on experimental evidence and an existing plastic failure mechanism was derived for ‘impression’ piles. The proposed method shows good agreement with data and enables a direct prediction of the increase in capacity for future designs.
Lampadius, Stefan. The Human Future? Artificial Humans and Evolution in Anglophone Science Fiction of the 20th Century. Winter, 2020
Authors: Brandstetter Nicole
Published: July 2021

Review of The Human Future? Artificial Humans and Evolution in Anglophone Science Fiction of the 20th Century by Stefan Lampadius.
Cephe Tasarımında Sembolizm ve İsmailiye Sarayı Cephesindeki Değişim Süreci
Authors: ERTEN BİLGİÇ Didem , TAHİRLİ Zeyneb
Published: July 2021

Sembolizm hayatın bütün alanlarında, özellikle mimaride sıkça kullanılmaktadır. Çalışmada bir yapının en önemli bölümlerinden olan cephe tasarımı üzerinde sembolizm kavramının kullanımı anlatılmaktadır. Azerbaycan’ın başkenti Bakü’de bulunan önemli yapılardan İsmailiye Sarayı’nın eski ve restorasyon sonrası yeni cephesinin değişim sürecindeki siyasal ve dini etkiler ile sembolizm arasındaki ilişki incelenmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı, İsmailiye Sarayı üzerinden cephe tasarımında uygulanmış sembolizmin izlerini örnekler göstererek tahlil etmektir. Bu bağlamda sembolizmin cephe tasarımındaki yansımalarının mimari tasarım üzerindeki etkisinin örneklerde gösterilmesi hedeflenmektedir.

1908-1913 yıllarında Musa Nağıyev tarafından yapılmış olan bu saray, çeşitli zamanlarda tarihi olaylara şahitlik etmiştir. 1918 Mart olayları sırasında Ermeniler tarafından yağmalanan ve ateşe verilen bina neredeyse tamamen yok edilmiştir. Birkaç sene sonra SSCB binayı yıkma kararı alsa da yerel halkın itirazı nedeniyle binanın restorasyonuna başlanılmıştır. Binayı restore eden Sovyet iktidarı her zaman olduğu gibi yine bu sarayda da kendi izlerini bırakarak değişiklikler yapmıştır.

Yapılan çalışmada yapının yangından önceki durumuyla yangından sonraki durumu karşılaştırılarak nicel bilimsel araştırma yöntemlerinden nedensel-karşılaştırma yöntemi kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Bu makale, Azerbaycan mimarisinde önemli yeri olan İsmailiye Binası’nın cephesinin siyasal, dini etkenler ile tarihsel süreçte nasıl değiştiğini karşılaştırmalı çizim ve resimlerle ortaya koyması açısından önem arz etmektedir. Çalışmanın sonucunda mimaride sembolizmin ne kadar etkili olduğunu görmek mümkündür
Türk Yazı Devrimi
Authors: GÜRSEL Ali
Published: July 2021

Tarihte büyük bir devlet kurmuş olan Türkler, İslamiyet’i kabul ettikten sonra Arap alfabesi Türklere yayılmış ve uygulanmıştır. Bu nedenlerden dolayı yazım kuralları sürekli değişmiş, ancak Türkçe’ye uygulaması başarılamamıştı. Özellikle Tanzimat’tan sonra basın ve yayın hayatının gelişmesine paralel olarak alfabe tartışmaları da başlamıştır. Bu tartışmalar Cumhuriyet devrinde de devam etmiştir. Okumayı ve yazmayı kolaylaştırmak, Türk milletinin eğitim ve kültür düzeyine yükseltmek ve ulusal kültürünü oluşturmak amacıyla çağdaş uygarlığa ulaşmak maksadıyla yapılan harf devrimi başarıya ulaşmış ve gerçekleşmiştir. Türk yazı devrimi büyük bir olaydır. Her büyük olay gibi bu konu da dil konusu, eğitim konusu ve kültür konusu olarak ele alınabilir.
Nasotracheal intubation for airway management during anesthesia
Authors: Park Dong Ho , Lee Chia An , Jeong Chang Young , Yang Hong-Seuk
Published: July 2021

Nasotracheal intubation is used as a basic method for airway management, along with orotracheal intubation under anesthesia and intensive care. It has become an effective alternative method to orotracheal intubation with increased benefits of offering better mobility and surgical field in oral and maxillofacial surgery and possibly in trauma and critically ill patients. Nasotracheal intubation is performed through a relatively narrow nasal cavity; therefore, additional precautions are needed. Accordingly, nasotracheal intubation methods have evolved over the years with accumulated clinical experience and improved instruments to facilitate safe intubation with reduced complications. Therefore, in this review article, we summarize the basic anatomy of the nasal airways to clarify the precautions, delineate the history and development of various methods and instruments, and describe the indications, contraindications, complications, and preventive methods of nasotracheal intubation.
Quality of root canal treatment performed by undergraduate students at the Wits Oral Health Centre
Authors: Patel Ebrahim , Ehbesh A Alaali M , Munshi Ismail E , Tootla Saidah
Published: July 2021

In 2012, the School of Oral Health Sciences at the University of the Witwatersrand modified its undergraduateendodontic curriculum which led to a need to assess the impact of curriculum changes on root canal treatmentoutcomes. This study was an audit of root canal treatment performed by undergraduate BDS students using postoperative radiographs, and compared the results between different undergraduate clinical years of study.Postoperative periapical radiographs of patients treated by undergraduate students were examined to assess length, density and taper. Two independent investigators were first calibrated, and thereafter assessed 299 endodontic cases that were performed by third, fourth and fifth year students during the 2013-2015 period at the Wits Oral Health Centre. 68.9%, 73.6% and 70.9% were found for adequate length, acceptable density and acceptable taper of root filling respectively. The most acceptable length, density and taper results were seen in patients treated by final year students, while the lowest results were observed in the fourth year student cohort. There was a tendency for third year students to overfill due to over-instrumentation of anterior teeth.The change in the curriculum has been justified, though room for improvement exists. The superior result found in the 5th year student cohort was most likely due to  their relative experience, and the use of rotary instrumentation and dental operating microscopes. Endodontic teaching should further emphasize the importance of length control during endodontic treatment and more stringent steps may be necessary during patient allocation and clinical supervision of fourth year dental students.