bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phylogeny and classification of the Melastomataceae and Memecylaceae
Authors: Renner Susanne S.
Published: March 2008

A systematic analysis of the Melastomataceae, a pantropical family of about 4200–4500 species in c. 166 genera, and their traditional allies, the Memecylaceae, with c. 430 species in six genera, suggests a phylogeny in which there are two major lineages in the Melastomataceae and a clearly distinct Memecylaceae. Melastomataceae have close affinities with Crypteroniaceae and Lythraceae, while Memecylaceae seem closer to Myrtaceae, all of which were considered as possible outgroups, but sister group relationships in this plexus could not be resolved. Based on an analysis of all morphological and anatomical characters useful for higher level grouping in the Melastomataceae and Memecylaceae a cladistic analysis of the evolutionary relationships of the tribes of the Melastomataceae was performed, employing part of the ingroup as outgroup. Using 7 of the 21 characters scored for all genera, the maximum parsimony program PAUP in an exhaustive search found four 8‐step trees with a consistency index of 0.86. Because of the limited number of characters used and the uncertain monophyly of some of the tribes, however, all presented phylogenetic hypotheses are weak. A synapomorphy of the Memecylaceae is the presence of a dorsal terpenoid‐producing connective gland, a synapomorphy of the Melastomataceae is the perfectly acrodro‐mous leaf venation. Within the Melastomataceae, a basal monophyletic group consists of the Kibessioideae (Prernandra) characterized by fiber tracheids, radially and axially included phloem, and median‐parietal placentation (placentas along the mid‐veins of the locule walls). A second clade, the Melastomatoideae, with libriform fibers and lacking included phloem, and with axile‐basal or axillary placentation, comprises the remainder of Melastomataceae and consists of eight reasonably well differentiated tribes, one of them paleotropical (Astronieae), three pantropical (Sonerileae, Melasto‐meae, and Miconieae), and four neotropical (Merianieae, Microlicieae, Rhexieae, and Blakeeae). The Astronieae have several plesiomorphic characters, such as anthers opening by two slits and axile‐basal placentation; all other clades have primarily poricidal anthers' and consistently axillary placentas. A new subfamilial and tribal classification based on the analysis includes an annotated list of all currently recognized genera with numbers of species, distribution and important synonyms. Significant features of the classification include: the placement of Pternandra in a subfamily of its own and the dissolution of the Astronioideae; the merger of three neotropical and paleotropical tribal pairs; and the placement of Rhexia in a tribe of its own. Biogeo‐graphy, fossil history, and hypothesized phylogeny of the Melastomataceae imply an east Gondwanian origin of the family.
Two new species of Monadenium (Euphorbiaceae) from Somalia
Authors: Carter Susan
Published: March 2008

Two species of Monadenium, M. gillettii related to M. ellenbeckii, and M. lindenii related to M. virgatum are described as new endemics of Somalia.
The character states of the Caribbean monotypic endemic Strumpfia (Rubiaceae)
Authors: Igersheim A.
Published: March 2008

Strumpfia, restricted to littoral habitats, is characterized by ternately arranged ericoid leaves with extreme xeromorphic adaptations. The flowers, with quincuncial (imbricate s.1.) corolla lobe aestivation, have the anthers fused into a “true” anther tube. The bicarpellate gynoecium has two erect, anatropous ovules per locule. In addition to the “true” septum, the ovary also has a secondary or “false” septum, arranged at right angles to the former and only developed in the upper part of an ovary. The drupaceous fruits contain a plurilocular stone which, typically, is four‐seeded. Erroneous descriptions of Strumpfia's ovary as bilocular with one ovule per locule may have been due to the frequent presence of only two seeds in a stone (one seed per locule aborted and crushed). As opposed to the widespread protandry in the Rubiaceae, the genus shows proterogyny. In functionally female stage, the style is straight and raises the exposed stigmatic surfaces above the level of the anther tube and its apical appendages. In functionally male stage, the style contracts so that the stigmas “plug” the entrance to the anther tube; at this stage the pollen is released from the anther tube by means of apical pores. Strumpjia has a chromosome number of x=n=II (first count for the genus). The genus' systematic position has hitherto been considered to be uncertain. A comparison of its character states with other Rubiaceae, nevertheless, led to inconclusive results. Because of a) many unusual and, in part, unique features and b) the lack of detailed comparative data for neotropical Rubiaceae, the genus' subfamilial and tribal position remains obscure.
Pollen morphology of the Gardenieae‐Gardeniinae (Rubiaceae)
Authors: Persson Claes
Published: March 2008

Pollen grains of 107 species of 61 genera of the Gardeniinae were investigated by scanning electron and light microscopy. The subtribe is europalynous and grains occur either as monads, tetrads or massulae. Grains are porate, colporate or rarely pororate. The majority of the genera has 3‐zonoaperturate pollen grains. However, deviating numbers of apertures occur inByrsophyllum(4–8) andPseudomantalania(4–5). Pantoporate pollen occurs inRandia. The average equatorial size (E) of monads varies between 13 μm inAnomanthodiuto 59 μm inPosoqueria. The tetrads vary from 37 μm inCasasiato 61 μm inCalochoneandEuclinia. The exine is usually reticulate, but also foveolate, rugulate, perforate and psilate exine occurs in the subtribe. The thickness of the exine is only 0.3 μm in tetrad grains ofRandia armataand in the pantoporate monad grains ofR. ruiziana, whereas the thickest exine occurs inPosoqueria(2.8 pm) andEuclinia(2.9 μm). Tectal excrescenses are generally absent. However, three genera with pollen in tetrads, namelyEuclinia, GardeniaandOligoco‐don, show this feature. Contrary to the subtribe most genera are fairly stenopalynous, but in the neotropical generaAlibertiaandRandiaseveral different types of pollen are encountered.
Fragrance chemotypes of Platanthera (Orchidaceae) ‐ the result of adaptation to pollinating moths?
Authors: Tollsten Lars , Bergström L. Gunnar
Published: March 2008

Floral scent of Platanthera species (Orchidaceae) in S Sweden was collected by head‐space adsorption methods in the field and analysed by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). Variation in scent chemistry of both Platanthera bifolia and P. chlorantha was considerable: different scent chemotypes were found among individuals as well as populations. Mainly linalool, lilac aldehydes and alcohols, geraniol, and methyl benzoate distinguished the chemotypes. Because of a high individual variation, floral scent in Platanthera is not suitable as a taxonomic tool. Scent variation can be the result of differential selection from various pollinators or pollinator groups. However, in a long‐spurred race of P. bifolia the scent profile was not clearly different from that of short‐spurred races in spite of their different pollinators. The two species form natural hybrids and part of the variation at the individual level may he explained by interspecific introgression. Differences found among populations in different regions may be the result of random genetic drift.
Pericarp structure of Leucas and related genera (Lamiaceae subfam. Lamioideae)
Authors: Ryding Olof
Published: March 2008

The pericarp has been studied in 72 taxa belonging to the genera Leucas, Leonotis, Acrotome, Otostegia and Isoleucas. Otostegia, Isoleucas and many Leucas (the Asiatic sections Astrodon, Leucas, Plagiostoma, and the African Spiculifolia, Squarrosicyme, Stachydiformis and Virgata) have been found to agree with most other members of the subfamily Lamioideae by having high bone cells which contain crystals. Acrotome, Leonotis and most African Leucas (sections Hemistoma, Lasiocotys, Lonostoma, Neuflizeana, Ogadenia and Physoleucas) deviate by having thin bone cells which often lack crystals, and due to their similarity, these African taxa are suggested to be closely related. The Asiatic Leucas (Ortholeucas), Plagiostoma and Astrodon also seem to form a group. Leucas milanjiana and perhaps also Leucas hyssopifolia are considered to be extraneous to Plagiostoma and to be more closely related to the section Leucas and the African Lasiocorys, Ogadenia and Physoleucas respectively.
A new Carlowrightia (Acanthaceae) from South America
Authors: Daniel Thomas F. , Wasshausen Dieter C.
Published: March 2008

Current research by the junior author on the Acanthaceae treatment for the Flora of Ecuador has resulted in the recognition of a new generic record and an undescribed species from Ecuador. Carlowrightia ecuadoriana from prov. Guayas, is described, illustrated and compared with its closest relatives in Mexico and the adjacent United States.
Taxonomy and morphology of the Elymus semicostatus group (Poaceae)
Authors: Salomon Björn
Published: March 2008

The Elymus semicostatus group is revised taxonomically. Previously, 32 taxa have been described in the group. Here, nine of these are accepted as species and two as interspecific hybrids, namely, E. semicostatus, E. macrochaetus, E. validus, E. abolinii, E. fedtschenkoi, E. nevskii. E. praeruptus, E. panormitanus, E. nepalensis, E. ×brachyphyllus, and E. ×macrolepis. Synonymy, morphological descriptions, illustrations, chromosome numbers, and a key to the taxa are provided.
Drimia exigua (Hyacinthaceae), a new species from Ethiopia
Authors: Stedje Brita
Published: March 2008

Drímia exigua, a small and slender species, is described from the Guder river valley in Ethiopia.
A revision of Pterolepis (Melastomataceae: Melastomeae)
Authors: Renner Susanne S.
Published: March 2008

Pterolepis consists of herbs and small shrubs with pink, purple, or white (3‐)4–5‐merous flowers, stamens with basal‐ventrally prolonged connectives, and cochleate seeds. The majority of the species occur in central Brazilian cerrado vegetation, but two weedy species have become widespread, one ranging from Bolivia to southern Mexico, the other from Paraguay to the West Indies. Pterolepis appears related to the paleotropical genera Osbeckia, Melastoma, and Dissotis and to the neotropical genus Tibouchina. The main diagnostic feature of the genus are branched emergences in the intercalycine sinuses but these are variable among the species and also occur in many paleotropical and two neotropical species, casting some doubt on their taxonomic value above the species level. Within Pterolepis, 14 of the 80 taxa proposed by previous authors are recognized and eight species are illustrated; one new species, P. picorondonica from Amazonian Brazil, and a new variety, P. parnassiifolia var. piatensis from Bahia, are described. Also provided are scanning electron micrographs of the seeds of most, and distribution maps of all species.
Allozyme and morphological observations on Festuca hyperborea, compared with F. baffinensis and F. brachyphylia (Poaceae) from the Canadian Arctic
Authors: Aiken S. G. , Consaul L. L. , Spidle A. , May B.
Published: March 2008

Phenotypic plasticity in the size of leaf cross sections and in the visibility of trichomes on the leaf abaxial surface for a plant of Festuca hyperborea grown in different microhabitats is illustrated. Isozyme analyses indicate that tetraploid F. hyperborea from the Canadian Arctic is not likely a variant of tetraploid F. baffinensis and probably not a recent ancestor of the hexaploid F. brachyphylia. Although 10 populations were collected in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago as morphologically intermediate between Festuca species, with F. hyperborea considered a possible parent, no isozyme evidence suggested that this species hybridizes with either F. baffinensis or F. brachyphylia. Within plants sampled as F. hyperborea, 12 isozymatically distinct plants and one hybrid plant between this group and F. hyperborea were found.
Lectotypifications of Lìnnaean names for Flora Nordica Vol. 1 (Lycopodiaceae — Papaveraceae)
Authors: Jonsell Bengt , Jarvis C. E.
Published: March 2008

Linnaean names appearing in Volume 1 of Flora Nordica are typified. The main sources for types are the Linnaean Herbarium (LINN), the Clifford Herbarium (BM), the Burser Herbarium (UPS) the Iter lapponicum Herbarium in Paris (LAPP), and cited illustrations. The study forms part of the “Linnaean Plant Name Typification Project” based at the Natural History Museum (BM). Flora Nordica notes no. 10.
A new species of Bauhinia (Fabaceae‐Caesalpinioideae) from Brunei
Authors: Larsen Supee Saksuwan
Published: March 2008

Bauhinia campanulata sp. nov., from Brunei is described and illustrated. Pollen data are provided. It is a very distinct taxon belonging to the section Palmatifolia.
Hydnocarpus sharmae (Flacourtiaceae) is Siphonodon celastrineus (Celastraceae)
Authors: Rao M. K. Vasudeva
Published: March 2008

Notes on Siphonodon celastrineus (Celastraceae). Hydnocarpus sharmae, a new species described recently from Andaman Islands, India, is Siphonodon celastrineus of Celastraceae and not a species of Flacourtiaceae.
Cucumis canoxyi (Cucurbitaceae) — a new species from Yemen
Authors: Thulin Mats , Al‐Gifri Abdul Nasser
Published: March 2008

The new species Cucumis canoxyi, growing on limestone rocks in the Hadramaut Region of southern Yemen, is described and illustrated. The species is the second known member of Cucumis to be without tendrils.
A new species and two new combinations of Ecuadorian Bromeliaceae (Tillandsioideae)
Authors: Luther Harry E.
Published: March 2008

A new species of Guzmania, G. henniae, from southeastern Ecuador is described and illustrated. Two new combinations in the newly erected, segregate genus Racinaea (formerly Tillandsia subgenus Pseudocatopsis), R. dielsii and R. undulifolia are presented and discussed.
Early stages of nodulation in roots of Oxytropis arctobia (Leguminosae) induced by the arctic rhizobial strain N31
Authors: Prévost Danielle , Bal Arya K.
Published: March 2008

Early stages of nodulation of roots of the arctic legume Oxytropis arctobia by the arctic rhizobial strain N31 was characterized under controlled conditions. Root hair deformation occurred as a result of inoculation of seedlings. Infection threads were seen invading target cells in the root cortex of the newly formed nodule tissue. In emergent nodules, bacteria remained surrounded by a moderately electron‐dense matrix, within the intercellular space. The target cells were rich in lipid bodies, proplastids, mitochondria and polyribosomes. Fibrillar material, microfilaments and small vesicles were present at the point of bacterial release, where the infection thread was devoid of its wall. Bacteria were found to be encircled by plasmalemma invaginations forming “symbiosomes”. Lipid bodies were present near the membrane of the infection thread, close to the site of bacterial release, and in close association with plasmalemma.
A revision of the taxonomic position of Syncrypta glomerifera (Chrysophyceae), establishment of a new genus Lepidochrysis and observations on the occurrence of L. glomerifera comb. nov. in brackish water
Authors: Ikävalko Johanna , Kristiansen Jørgen , Thomsen Helge Abildhauge
Published: March 2008

Syncrypta glomerifera, a species originally isolated and described from a salt marsh pool in England has been recorded from brackish water in several samples from the Baltic Sea along the Finnish coast, and also from a Danish locality. Both colonial and monad forms have been studied with LM and TEM. The systematic position of the species is discussed and the new genus Lepidochrysis gen. nov. is established.
A community of epiphytic diatoms living on low irradiances
Authors: Nygaard Gunnar
Published: March 2008

22 samples of the benthic plant Nitella flexilis collected fortnightly in Grane Langsø from July 1959 to June 1960 were examined for epiphytic diatoms. The relative abundance of every taxon was determined by counting 400 valves from each of the Nitella samples. The species composition of the diatom assemblages seemed unchanged throughout the year. A clear seasonal periodicity in relative abundance could not be proved for any of the diatoms in spite of a variation in the irradiance from about 8–10 cal.cm‐2 day‐1 in June‐July to 0.1–0.2 cal.cm‐2 day‐1 in February. The diatoms were living on a yearly PAR‐irradiance of only 1000 cal.cm‐2 year‐1, which is 2.2% of that at the lake surface. The seasonal fluctuations in C02 and pH in 11.25 m subsurface depth are shown by diagrams. Diatom inferred pH is compared with measured pH.
Differentiation in floral scent chemistry among populations of Conopodium majus (Apiaceae)
Authors: Tollsten Lars , Øvstedal Dag Olav
Published: March 2008

The floral scent of Conopodium majus was trapped by head‐space adsorption, and analysed by GC‐MS. Two chemotypes of flower scent could be distinguished, both differing from a background of leaves. Characteristic of one chemotype were 4‐oxoisophorone and pyridin‐3‐carboxaldehyde, and characteristic of the other were some sesquiterpenes. In addition, samples of infructescences emitted none or lower amounts of the compounds above. The difference in scent composition was large enough to distinguish three studied populations from each other, and from the blanks, in a principal component analysis. It was concluded that despite its sexually “promiscuous” flowers, C. majus shows differentiation in scent chemistry that might reflect an ecotypic response to local faunae of pollinators of major importance. Whether pollination ecotypes occur deserves further studies.
Contribution to the systematics of the genus Centaurea section Acrocentron (Asteraceae) in Greece
Authors: Routsi E. , Georgiadis Th.
Published: March 2008

The section Acrocentron of the genus Centaurea in Greece is studied under the light of numerical taxonomy. The method used is the factor analysis of the correspondences. The taxonomic value of 68 morphological characters is examined. The section is divided into three subsections and one of them is further divided into smaller groups. C. spruneri is considered as a variable species within which no subspecies can be distinguished. C. achaia is classified as a synonym to C. sibthorpii C. redempta ssp. cytherea C. rupestris ssp. parnonia and C. rupestris ssp. kozanii are new combinations, which were formally made in Routsi (1993). Also, some recent views on the systematics of this section are confirmed.
The composition and structure of a dry, semideciduous forest in western Ecuador
Authors: Josse Carmen , Balslev Henrik
Published: March 2008

In the coastal range of western Ecuador, we established a one‐hectare plot in dry, semideciduous forest at 320–365 m elevation (l°26'S 80°41'W). Within the plot, we recorded all trees ≥ 5 cm dbh. There were present 538 trees and 655 stems with a total basal area of 7.5 m2. Taxonomically the trees represented 37 species and 22 families. Ampelocera sp. was the most important species with 37% of the IVI. Acnistus arborescens, Solarium confertiseriatum, and Zanthoxylum of. fagara, are dominant pioneer species in the plot. The structure and flora of the forest are strongly influenced by severe disturbance caused by selective logging 12 years ago. An index of dispersion based on frequencies was used to infer spatial patterns of the 15 most abundant tree species (n = 4–188). Seven species showed clumped distributions, and the degree of clumping was not correlated with abundance. Conservation of this forest type is worthwhile because its recovery is fast and it can act as a refuge for plant and animal species.
Taonia lacheana sp. nov. (Dictyotales, Phaeophyta), from the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Cormaci M. , Furnari G. , Pizzuto F.
Published: March 2008

A new species of the genus Taonia (Dictyotales, Phaeophyta) is described from the Mediterranean Sea. The species is characterized by pseudodichotomous fronds having entire margins and by a pronounced differentiation between the medullary and cortical cells throughout the thallus. Only tetrasporangial plants were found. The species differs from T. atomaria f. ciliata in having differently sized cells in cross section and an entire margin and from T. lennebackerae in both the habit and in the shape of cells in longitudinal section.
Seed ontogeny in Adesmia securigerifolia (Fabaceae‐Adesmieae)
Authors: Izaguirre Primavera , Mérola Stella , Beyhaut Rosario
Published: March 2008

A study of the reproductive processes of Adesmia securigerifolia from bud to mature seed was carried out by means of field observations and the paraffin technique. Observations revealed the following new contributions to the study of legume embryology: 1) after fertilization, a small nucellar haustorium, or micropylar nucellar beak, was observed for the first time, originating from two obliterating nucellar cells that extended outwards. Their globose distal end comes in contact with the internal carpel wall, while the wedge shaped base stretches into the micropyle; a suspensor consisting of five or more cells ‐ the two basal cells are large and falcate and fit into the micropylar pore ‐ coexists with the undivided polar nuclei thus showing that endosperm formation begins after zygote division; 2) at the young embryo stage, a sac‐ shaped nuclear haustorium, formed by the endosperm, adjoins the outer integument and is not connected to the chalaza, or any vascular element; at the hilar level, a nucellar projection is formed in connection with the haustorial coenocytic endosperm. This projection persists up to the mature seed stage when it starts to degenerate, after performing another linking with the embryo nutrition system; 3) at the mature seed stage, the seed coat evolving from the outer integument has a single macrosclereid layer, though inclusions in the cell vacuoles simulate the presence of more layers and/or transverse walls. The lens, a hypodermal layer of osteosclereids (hour‐glass cells), and the astrosclereids are also described.
Vegetation history of Molinia heaths in Tysvær, Rogaland, western Norway
Authors: Prøsch‐Danielsen Lisbeth , Øvstedal Dag Olav
Published: March 2008

Investigations were undertaken in an area of western Norway, approximately 30 km from the coast. The area is dominated by Molinia caerulea heaths on gentle slopes of silt‐dominated glacial deposits. Pollen analyses were made on 3 soil profiles. Each profile could be divided into 2 local pollen assemblage zones (PAZs) corresponding with a change from dry to damp soils. From a comparison of the fossil pollen assemblages with pollen assemblages from surface samples collected from present‐day Molinia heaths, and a radiocarbon date, the Molinia heaths can be shown to have originated about 1900 years BP. The persistence of the Molinia heaths is probably related to the high water‐holding capacity of the sediments and the influence of human activity.
Villarsia cambodiana (Menyanthaceae) in southeastern Asia
Authors: Ornduff Robert
Published: March 2008

A single, distinctive, vegetatively variable species of Villarsia occurs in Thailand, Cambodia, and Laos, and is correctly called V. cambodiana.
Floret position in Costularia (Cyperaceae): a new interpretation
Authors: Browning J.
Published: March 2008

The spikelet of Costularia has been interpreted as comprising proximal, sterile glumes followed by two larger fertile glumes that subtend respectively, a lower male and an upper bisexual floret. The terminal uppermost glume, with two keels and therefore resembling a prophyll, was empty. Studies of developmental stages of spikelets from Zimbabwe (Chimanimani Mts.) have revealed that the terminal glume envelops the bisexual floret and becomes empty only with maturation of the ovary.
Mallomonas nuussuaqensis nov. sp., a new species of silica‐scaled chrysophytes from West Greenland
Authors: Wilken Lena Redder , Kristiansen Jørgen , Jürgensen Torben
Published: March 2008

A new species of Mallomonas, M. nuussuaqensis was found to be common in samples collected from waterbodies on Nuussuaq/Nûgssuaq (70N‐71N, West Greenland). The species has very compact silica scales with a thick broad marginal rim and a very thick and broad hood, which often occupies more than two thirds of the shield.
Stirtonanthus, a new name for Stirtonia (Leguminosae, tribe Podalyrieae)
Authors: Van Wyk Ben‐Erik , Schutte Anne Lise
Published: March 2008

The new generic name Stirtonanthus is proposed to replace the illegitimate Stirtonia Van Wyk & Schutte (1994), which proves to be a later homonym of Stirtonia A. L. Smith (1926) and Stirtonia R. Brown (1900).
Reduction of Tetrardisia to Ardisia
Authors: Larsen Kai , Ming Hu Chi
Published: March 2008

Larsen, K. & Hu, C. M. 1995. Reduction of Tetrardisia to Ardisia. ‐ Nord. J. Bot. 15: 161–162. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.

The genus Tetrardisia Mez is reduced to Ardisia Sw. subgenus Tetrardisia subgen. nov. including four species. A key to the species is provided.
Two new species of Centella (Umbelliferae) with notes on the infrageneric taxonomy
Authors: Schubert Mahalia T. R. , van Wyk Ben‐Erik
Published: March 2008

Schubert, M. T. R. & Van Wyk, B.‐E. 1995. Two new species of Centella (Umbelliferae) with notes on the infrageneric taxonomy. ‐ Nord. J. Bot. 15: 167–171. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.

Two highly localized new species, Centella ternata and C. umbellata are described. Both species are unusual in having three bisexual flowers per umbellule. In C. umbellata the umbellules are arranged in two‐ to five‐rayed umbels, and the latter are borne on a distinct leaf‐opposed peduncle, while they (the rays) are single and axillary in C. ternata. On the basis of the three‐flowered umbellules, both species could be accommodated in Trisanthus but this would make the subgenus paraphyletic. The known geographical distributions and diagnostic characters are described and illustrated.
Dicoma hindana (Asteraceae), a new species from Somalia
Authors: Ortiz Santiago , Oubiiia Juan Rodriguez
Published: March 2008

Ortíz, S. & Oubiña, J.R. 1995. Dicoma hindana (Asteraceae), a new species from Somalia. ‐ Nord. J. Bot. 15: 187–189. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.

A new species of the genus Dicoma (sect. Psilocoma), from Somalia, is described. The characteristics by which it can be distinguished from related species are listed.
A new species of Campylanthus (Scrophulariaceae) from Yemen
Authors: Thulin Mats
Published: March 2008

Thulin, M. 1995. A new species of Campylanthus (Scrophulariaceae) from Yemen. — Nord. J. Bot. 15: 191–192. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.

Campylanthus antonii, a new species from the Mahrah Region in Yemen, is described and illustrated.
Seed burial by soil burrowing beetles
Authors: Bernhardt K.‐G.
Published: March 2008

Bernhardt, K.‐G. 1995. Seed burial by soil burrowing beetles. — Nord J. Bot. 15: 257–260. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.

This investigation shows the role of soil digging beetles (Carabidae, Heteroceridae) in burial of myxospermous seeds. Field experiments with containers filled with sterilized sand, seeds of different plant species and soil digging beetles, are used. After six months in plots with digging insects seeds were found in deeper soil depths (up to 10 cm soil depth) than seeds in control plots. The study was done with beetles belonging to newly created sandy land. The study shows that beetles can be important for seed dispersal and seed burial and that seeds deep in the soil do not need to be old.
Psednotrichia, a genus of the tribe Senecioneae hitherto misplaced in the Astereae (Asteraceae)
Authors: Anderberg Arne A. , Karis Per Ola
Published: March 2008

Anderberg, A. A. & Karis, P. O. 1995. Psednotrichia, a genus of the tribe Senecioneae hitherto misplaced in the Astereae (Asteraceae). — Nord. J. Bot. 15: 375–379. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.

The tribal position for the little known genus Psednorrichia, is established. This monotypic genus, hitherto placed in the tribe Astereae, is a congener of Xyridopsis of the tribe Senecioneae (Asteraceae). The two species of Xyridopsis are here transferred to Psednotrichia and the new combinations P. xyridopsis and P. newtonii are made. A brief discussion of the morphology of the genus, and its systematic position within the tribe Senecioneae is provided.
Thirteen new species of Dendrochilum (Orchidaceae), a new record from Burma, and a checklist of the genus in East Malesia
Authors: Pedersen Henrik Ærenlund
Published: March 2008

Pedersen, H. Æ. 1995. Thirteen new species of Dendrochilum (Orchidaceae), a new record from Burma, and a checklist of the genus in East Malesia. — Nord. J. Bot. 15: 381402. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.

Seven new species of Dendrochilum are described from the Philippines, viz. D. amesianum, D. flexuosum, D. louisianum, D. parvipapillatum, D. plocoglottoides, D. quisumbingianum and D. tetradactyliferum. The widespread species D. longifolium is recorded from Burma for the first time, and an annotated checklist of Dendrochilum in East Malesia, i.e. the Lesser Sunda Islands, Sulawesi, the Moluccas, and New Guinea is given. This list enumerates a total of 21 species, including D. cornutum and D. pallideflavens which are here recorded from East Malesia for the first time. Six species in the checklist are described as new, viz. D. ambangense, D. citrinum, D. erectila‐bium, D. eymae, D. galeatum, and D. longipedicellatum.
Taxonomic studies in the Fuirena pubescens complex (Cyperaceae) in Kenya
Authors: Muasya Abraham M. , Baquar S. R.
Published: March 2008

Muasya. A. M. & Baauar, S. R. 1995. Taxonomic studies in the Fuirena pubescens complex (Cyperaceae) in Kenya. — Nord. J. Bot. 15: 407–410. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.

Three taxa in the Fuirena pubescens complex were investigated morphologically, palynologically, and cytologically in order to determine their taxonomic identity and appropriate rank. The taxa differ in both morphology and chromosome number. The three former varieties, F. pubescens var. pubescens, var. major, and var. buchananii, are here recognised as distinct species, with var. major and var. buchananii being reinstated as F. pachyrrhiza and F. welwitschii, respectively. Fuirena pubescens and F. pachyrrhiza have terete spikelets and leaf blades more than 5 mm wide, but the former has a meiotic chromosome number of n=21 and white entire nutlets, while the latter has a chromosome number of n=24 and dark‐greenish tuberculate nutlets. Fuirena welwitschii is distinguished by having a 5‐angular spikelets, chromosome number n=40, and brownish tuberculate nutlets.
Mallomonas fuegiana (Synurophyceae), a new species of silica scaled chrysophytes from Tierra del Fuego, Argentina
Authors: Vigna M. S. , Kristiansen J.
Published: March 2008

Vigna, M. S. & Kristiansen, J. 1995. Mallomonas fuegiana (Synurophyceae), a new species of silica scaled chrysophytes from Tierra del Fuego, Argentina. — Nord. J. Bot. 15: 439–442. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.

During the research project “Cryptogamic Flora of Tierra del Fuego”, a new species of Mallomonas has been found. It is described here as M. fuegiana, and is placed in the section Torquatae, close to Mallomonas schwemmlii and M. dickii.
Taxonomy in the Hordeum murinum complex (Poaceae)
Authors: Jacobsen Niels , von Bothmer Roland
Published: March 2008

Jacobsen, N, & Bothmer, R. von, 1995. Taxonomy in the Hordeum murinum complex (Poaceae). — Nord. J. Bot. 15: 449–458. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.

Hordeum murinum as circumscribed here comprises ssp. glaucum (2x), ssp. murinum (4x), and ssp. leporinum (4x, 6x). Previous taxonomical treatments are reviewed as well as the more recent approaches, viz. numerical and statistical analyses, investigations of isoenzymes, rDNA, cpDNA, meiotic analyses, and chromosome banding patterns. A formal nomenclatural treatment is presented.
Evidence for two distinctive species of Pseudorchis (Orchidaceae) in Scandinavia.
Authors: Reinhammar Lars‐Gunnar
Published: March 2008

Reinhammar, L.‐G. 1995. Evidence for two distinct species of Pseudorchis (Orchidaceae) in Scandinavia. ‐ Nord. J. Bot. 15: 469–481. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.

Nordic populations of Pseudorchis albida s.l. were studied for variation in morphological characters. Canonical variates analysis (CVA) arrange populations in two discrete groups, corresponding to P. albida S.S. and P. straminea, respectively. In principal component analysis (PCA) of the total material a small overlap could be seen. However, separate PCA:s on members of the two taxa from the same geographic region show perfect separation. Since the two taxa are distinct in morphology as well as in additional characters, e.g. habitat preference in the area of sympatry, they are best treated as separate species. The generic name Pseudorchis is considered to be validly published and is then preferred over the later Leucorchis. A lectotype is selected for Gymnadenia albida f. subalpina.
Phenotypic plasticity in alpine Erigeron species (Asteraceae)
Authors: Utelli Anna‐Barbara , Huber† Walter , Zopfi Hans‐Jakob
Published: March 2008

Utelli, A.‐B., Huber, W. & Zopfi, H.‐J. 1995. Phenotypic plasticity in alpine Erigeron species (Asteraceae). — Nord. J. Bot. 15: 483–492. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.

Twelve morphological characters were analysed in 67 E. alpinus, E. neglectus and E. uniflorus plants which had been transplanted from their natural habitat to the greenhouse. Mean values and standard deviations were compared for each species. The phenotypic plasticity of the characters resp. their genetic basis was estimated from the correlation of morphological data recorded on single individuals, each grown under both ecological conditions.

A considerable phenotypic plasticity was found in all species and for most characters. E. unijlorus was the most constant species regarding taxonomically relevant characters such as pubescence of the basal leaves, number of flowering heads and number of filiform flowers. In all three species the same highly significant directional variation in plant height and involucre length was found which suggests that these characters have some genetic basis in Erigeron.
A synopsis of Jacquinia (Theophrastaceae) in the Antilles and South America
Authors: Ståhl Bertil
Published: March 2008

Stål, B. 1995. A synopsis of Jacquinia (Theophrastaceae) in the Antilles and South America. — Nord. J. Bot. 15: 493–511. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.

The genus Jacquinia in the Antilles and South America is revised. Twenty‐two native and one introduced species are recognised. In the Greater Antilles, 11 species (six endemic) occur in Cuba, eight in Hispaniola (two endemic), five in Jamaica (two endemic), and four in Puerto Rico (none endemic). Two species (none endemic) occur in the Lesser Antilles and five (four endemic) in South America. Eighteen species are native to the Antilles and of these one, J. arborea, is shared with Central America and one, J. amzillaris, is shared with South America. No species is shared between South and Central America. One new combination, J. frutescens, is made. Several species are illustrated and distribution maps for all species are presented. A key to the species in the Antilles and South America and an index to all combinations published in Jacquinia are provided.
Studies in the genus Polycarpaea (Caryophyllaceae) in Ethiopia
Authors: Hedberg Olov
Published: March 2008

Hedberg, O. 1995. Studies in the genus Polycarpaea (Caryophyllaceae) in Ethiopia. ‐Nord. J. Bot. 15: 513–517. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.

A case study is presented of a small critical group of Polycarpaea species in Ethiopia, comprising P. eriantha, P. corymbosa and P. linearifolia. Absence of clear discontinuities in individual features between the three species concerned invited the lumping of them, but studies of the integrated variation in several taxonomic features support their taxonomic independence.
The ecology and distribution of Empetrum nigrum ssp. hermaphroditum on Svalbard and Jan Mayen
Authors: Elvebakk Awe , Spjelkavik Sigmund
Published: March 2008

Elvebakk, A. & Spjelkavik, S. 1995. The ecology and distribution of Empetrum nigrum ssp. hermaphroditum on Svalbard and Jan Mayen. — Nord. J. Bot. 15: 541–552. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.

The distribution and ecology of Empetrum nigrum ssp. hermaphroditum has been studied on Svalbard and Jan Mayen, partly based on literature and herbarium data, and partly on local studies in the Kongsfjorden and Liefdefjorden areas. E. nigrum ssp. hermaphroditum is rare on Svalbard, where it is restricted to siliceous substrates, and is lacking from low temperature areas like mountains, the southern and eastern parts of Svalbard, the western and northern coastline, and from most of Nordaustlandet. The best climatic conditions for Empetrum seem to be offered by the lower part of a south facing mountain slope of Jan Mayen, an island where the effective temperature sum is relatively high due to a long growing season. In areas where Empetrum occurs on Svalbard the growing season is shorter and the effective temperature sum is generally lower. However, July temperatures are higher, and these and the occurrence of siliceous substrates seem to govern its potential area of distribution. The shorter Svalbard growing season only exceptionally permits sexual reproduction, but individuals are long‐lived and dendrochronological analysis of a 17 mm thick stem yielded an age of approximately 80 years. Locally, Empetrum is often concentrated to zonal habitats, like at southeast facing gneissic slopes and rock ledges at Liefdefjorden and a west facing sheltered mountain slope at Kongsfjorden.
Two sorediate crustose lichens assigned to Lecanora
Authors: Nordin A. , Sundin R. , Thor G.
Published: March 2008

Nordin, A., Sundin, R. & Thor, G. 1995. Two sorediate crustose lichens assigned to Lecanora. — Nord. J. Bot. 15: 553–556. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.

Lecanora viridissima is described and L. navarrensis is reported from Sweden (Dals‐land, Sodermanland, Gotland, Oland, Smiland) and Estonia (Laanema, Saarema). The latter species is reported with apothecia from one locality in Sweden. Lecanora viridissima has not been found with apothecia or pycnidia but is placed in Lecanora due to its general habit and the presence of atranorin. It is distinguished by its morphology, chemistry and habitat. Lecanora viridissima has so far only been found on the island of Gotland in Sweden.
Meiotic and morphological analysis in Hordeum pubiflorum (sect. Critesion, Triticeae)
Authors: Baden Claus , Kristensen Henrik J.
Published: March 2008

Morphological and hybridization studies were carried out in H. pubiflorum s. 1. (2n= 14). Chromosome pairing observed at MI in the hybrids was high, but indications of weak sterility barriers were observed. It is concluded that (i) hybridization is fairly easy to perform, and the populations studied belong to the same species, (ii) no divergence in the ssp. halophilum genome was observed, except in (iii) a population with at least one reciprocal translocation, (iv) the halophilum × breviaristatum hybrids had lowered pairing with an increased frequency of univalents, (v) the pairing combined with morphology suggest recognition of H. pubiflorum ssp. breviaristatum (Parodi & Nicora) C. Baden (comb. nov.).
Five new species of Geranium (Geraniaceae) from Ecuador
Authors: Halfdan‐Nielsen Bolette
Published: March 2008

The new species Geranium aequatoriale, G. angelense, G. guamanense, C. holmnielsenii and G. loxense are recognised from different localities in high Andean péramo areas in Ecuador. Descriptions, illustrations and distributional data are given.
Two new species of Dicoma (Asteraceae) from Somalia and Ethiopia
Authors: Ortiz Santiago , Oubiña Juan Rodríguez
Published: March 2008

Two new species of the genus Dicoma, D. popeana from Somalia and D. aethiopica from Ethiopia, both of the section Psilocoma, are described and illustrated. The two species are distinguished from D. anomala and other similar taxa by a morphologic diagnostic key.
A remarkable new Bulbophyllum, sect. Sestochilus (Orchidaceae) from Thailand
Authors: Seidenfaden Gunnar , Thorut Chanin
Published: March 2008

Ongoing studies show that what hitherto in Thailand and neighboring countries have been gathered under one variable species, Bulbophyllum lobbii, must be separated in a number of distinct, well defined species. One such. B. smitinandii, is treated here.
The lichen genus Sarrameana
Authors: Kantvilas G. , Vězda A.
Published: March 2008

The genus Sarrameana (lichenised Ascomycotina: Sarrameanaceae) comprises four species: S. albidoplumbea, S. cyamidia comb. nov., S. septata and S. tasmanica. The genus is characterised by a distinctive ascus and excipulum structure, mostly straight, simple paraphyses and thin‐walled, spiralled, simple or spuriously septate ascospores. Its relationships to other genera in the Lecanorales are discussed briefly. Species of Sarrameana are corticolous in cool, humid forests. Their distribution suggests a mainly austral cool temperate origin for the genus.
Some aspects on the morphology and ecology of Rhodomonas minuta var. nannoplanctica and R. lens (Cryptophyceae) in two Greek lakes
Authors: Moustaka‐Gouni M.
Published: March 2008

Significant morphological and ecological differences between Rhodomonas minuta var. nannoplanctica and R. lens were observed during the study of phytoplankton in two Greek lakes. The shape and size characteristics support the validity of these species, so the fusion of closely related species of Rhodomonas proposed by Javornicky is not accepted in this study. Apart from the morphological differences between Rhodomonas minuta var. nannoplanctica and R. lens contrasting ecological requirements were noticed. A broader distribution of Rhodomonas minuta var. nannoplanctica in relation to temperature and pH and a preference for lower nutrient concentrations than R. lens were found. The two taxa may coexist by shifting their niches at different times in Lake Volvi and by vertical niche separation in Lake Vegoritis.
New species, new variety and new combinations in Stenandrium (Acanthaceae) from Ecuador and Colombia
Authors: Wasshausen Dieter C.
Published: March 2008

A new species and a new variety are described: Stenandrium harlingii from prov. Morona‐Santiago and S. harlingii var. angustifolia from Morona‐Santiago. The new taxa are described, illustrated, and compared with their closest relatives. Four new Colombian combinations are also made: Stenandrium andrei, S. arnoldii, S. fosbergii and S. nephoica.
Fruit micromorphology and anatomy of Valeriana officinalis s. str. (Valerianaceae)
Authors: Karcz Jagna
Published: March 2008

Fruits of two varieties of Valeriana officinalis s. str. (var. officinalis, var. nitida) are similar in general construction, but differ in details of external and internal structure. The outer cells of the pericarp form a regularly punctuated surface in both taxa. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrates variation in cuticular sculpturing of the outer epidermal cell walls and the presence of epicuticular wax. The surface of fruit hairs varies from micropapillate in var. officinalis to linear warty in var. nitida. In the mature rericarp there occur three distinct histological zones: an outer exocarp, a central mesocarp, and an inner endocarp. The seed is small, enclosed in the indehiscent fruit, with thin seed coat and a straight embryo. Endosperm is absent. The results of this carpological study, especially the SEM characters of pericarp surface, may provide criteria useful for delimitation of V officinalis varieties.
Observations on chromosome numbers and biosystematics in Dahlia (Asteraceae, Heliantheae) with an account on the identity of D. pinnata, D. rosea, and D. coccinea
Authors: Hansen Hans V. , Hjerting J. P.
Published: March 2008

The chromosome numbers in Dahlia (Asteraceae, Heliantheae) are surveyed, and counts made on species grown in the Botanic Garden, University of Copenhagen, are given. Next a biosystematic study of species within Dahlia sect. Dahlia is presented. It is concluded that taxa with the same chromosome number can be brought to hybridize without specific barriers (some diploids possibly excepted). Based on this conclusion, it is demonstrated that the original European introduction of dahlias from Mexico consisted of two tetraploid (2n = 64) hybrids and a native, diploid (2n = 32) D. coccinea with scarlet rays. One of the hybrids was named D. pinnara which designation is consequently not applicable for the native species, currently known under that name. Instead, the new designation D. sorensenii is formally established. The other hybrid, D. rosea, is a synonym of D. pinnara.
Development and morphology of secretory trichomes of Calceolaria volckmanni (Scrophulariaceae)
Authors: Sacchetti Gianni , Bruni Alessandro , Dall'Olio Giuseppe , Nicoletti Marcello , Fabio Antonella Di , Poli Ferruccio
Published: March 2008

The development and morphology of secretory trichomes of Calceolaria volckmanni was examined with light and electron microscopy. The formation and development of the glandular trichomes began with the outgrowth of a single epidermal cell which progressively increased in height and evolved into a pear‐shaped cell. Subsequent divisions generated a mature trichome formed by a basal cell, a stalk “endodermal” cell and an 8‐celled glandular head. Histochemical tests revealed the lipophilic nature of the secretion, the presence of terpenes and flavonoids, and displayed a particular cutinization of the walls of the stalk cell. The observed ultrastructural features of the lipophilic glandular hairs suggested the function of plastids in the secretory process.
Karyotypes of some species of Hyacinthaceae from Ethiopia and Kenya
Authors: Stedje Brita
Published: March 2008

Karyotypes for 8 different species of Hyacinthaceae from Ethiopia and Kenya are presented. Five represent new chromosome information: Drimia macrocarpa (2n = 20 + 4 B), Ledebouria revoluta (2n = 28), L. somaliensis (2n = 30), L. urceolatu (2n = 20), Ornithogalum grucillimum (2n = 24). A table summing up the present chromosome information from tropical East and North East‐Africa are given.
A new scarlet Dendrobium from Laos
Authors: Seidenfaden Gunnar
Published: March 2008

A new species of Dendrobium is proposed.
Comparison of gametophyte growth, sex determination and reproduction in three fern species from the tropics
Authors: Korpelainen Helena
Published: March 2008

The gametophytes of Athyrium boryanurn, Thelypteris subpubescens and Pteridium aquilinum (vars. aquilinum, esculentum and wightianum) were grown as isolates, pairs and groups, and they were found to differ in their life histories: A. boryanum is a selfer which is sensitive to competition, while T. subpubescens is an ineffective selfer which is sensitive to competition, and P. aquilinurn is generally ineffective at sexual reproduction. A relationship between the level of gametophyte reproduction and the sporophyte viability was detected. The interactions between neighbours (competition or antheridiogen effects) appeared to influence gametophyte growth and reproductive success. In general, hermaphroditic gametophytes were considerably larger than males in all species, and those hermaphrodites which formed sporophytes were often smaller than other hermaphrodites.
Algal ecotypes: what they are and what they are not
Authors: Russell G. , Veltkamp C. J.
Published: March 2008

A salt tolerant ecotype of Scenedesmus armatus from the Baltic Sea is reported. Salinity treatments also reveal variable plasticity of several morphological features of this alga The problem of drawing a sharp distinction between stable and plastic attributes is discussed and it is concluded that the terms ecotype and ecophene, as originally defined, are no longer applicable to algae. A redefinition of the ecotype is proposed.