bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using Students’ Evaluation in Improving Teaching Effectiveness
Authors: Al Samman Adel Mahmoud , Zitouni Faiza
Published: January 2018

By all means, teachers need the evaluation and feedback of their students to know how they are doing and whether their efforts are fruitful or going the wrong direction. Consulting with students and exploring their perspective of the proficiency of their teachers could be the most efficient method to develop and enhance the teaching efficiency. This paper aims at probing to what extent the academic members in Applied Science University possess the professional competencies required, as per the students’ perspective. We chose the most important four dimensions of core competencies associated with teaching in higher education, namely professional, technological, humane, and assessment. A designed survey shall be developed and distributed among a representative sample of students. The analysis of which will show the availability level of such competencies, and any missing ones, from the students’ perspective. Qualitative data will also be gathered through structured interviews with the Deanship of Student Affairs and the Students Council members. In the light of the paper’s findings, a conceptual framework will be developed and a set of recommendations will be submitted to the top management of the university in order to be considered in the future academic hiring process, and the development programs of the current academic staff aiming at improving the teaching process efficiency.
Reproductive Biology of Round Sardinella (Sardinella Aurita) (Valenciennes, 1847) in Senegalese Coastal Waters
Authors: NDIAYE Ismaïla , SARR Alassane , FAYE Alioune , THIAW Modou , DIOUF Malick , BA Kamarel , NDIAYE Waly , LAZAR Najih , THIAW Omar Thiom
Published: January 2018

In this study, a total of 1068 specimens Sardinella aurita of which 553 females and 515 males were examined. The objectif of this study was to determine the reproductive parameters of Sardinella aurita. The sex ratio was significantly in favor of females (55%). The size at first sexual maturity was estimated at 18.9 cm for females and 18.0 cm for males. The monthly variation of sexual maturity stages and gonado-somatic index (GSI) allowed to locate the reproduction periods from February to June and from September to December. The mean absolute fecundity was estimated at 110.794 ± 7582 oocytes whereas relative fecundity was about 422 ± 26 oocytes per gram of female.
A Comparison of Ex Vivo Leak Pressures for Four Enterotomy Closures in a Canine Model
Authors: Kieves Nina R. , Krebs Alexander I. , Zellner Eric M.
Published: January 2018

Initial and maximum intraluminal leak pressures of four enterotomy closures were compared. Closure patterns included a modified Gambee, simple interrupted, simple continuous, and skin staple closure. Forty-eight 3-cm enterotomy constructs were created from jejunal segments harvested from 12 dogs. Twelve each were randomly assigned to the four closure methods. Time of closure, as well as initial and maximum leak pressures, were measured and compared. The modified Gambee closure was the slowest closure to perform, with skin staple closure being the fastest. All suture patterns tested had higher mean initial leak pressures than reported physiologic intestinal pressures during peristalsis, although the skin staple closures resulted in leakage below normal physiologic pressure in several samples. The modified Gambee closure was able to sustain a significantly higher initial leak pressure than skin staple closures. The modified Gambee suture pattern had the greatest maximum leak pressure of all enterotomy closure patterns tested. Use of the modified Gambee suture pattern should be considered in enterotomy closure, although in vivo studies are required to determine if these differences are clinically significant.
Stereotactic Volume Modulated Arc Radiotherapy in Canine Meningiomas: Imaging-Based and Clinical Neurological Posttreatment Evaluation
Authors: Dolera Mario , Malfassi Luca , Pavesi Simone , Marcarini Silvia , Sala Massimo , Mazza Giovanni , Carrara Nancy , Finesso Sara , Urso Gaetano
Published: January 2018

A prospective study to assess high-dose hypofractionated volume modulated arc radiotherapy feasibility and efficacy in canine meningiomas was conducted. Thirty-nine patients with encephalic and spinal meningiomas assumed from MRI findings were recruited and received high-dose hypofractionated volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy by a linear accelerator equipped with an external beam modulator micro-multileaf collimator and an XVI cone beam computed tomography system. The prescribed mean dose was 33 Gy in five fractions. The treatment feasibility was tested through planned and delivered dose agreement checks. Regular clinical examinations were performed during and after irradiation time, with regard to mentation, deambulation, cranial nerve dysfunction, and seizures. Serial MRI exams were done 60 days after irradiation and after 4, 6, 12, 18, and 24 mo. Volumetric disease reduction criteria implemented with clinical neurological systematic evaluation were adopted to assess the course and to categorize patients’ responses. Complete and partial responses were observed on the whole in 65.5% of alive patients 24 mo after irradiation. Two-yr overall and disease-specific survival rates were 74.3% and 97.4%, respectively, and the putative radiotoxic effects were found to be few and slight.
A unified semantics for the Japanese Q-particle ka in indefinites, questions and disjunctions
Authors: Uegaki Wataru
Published: January 2018

This paper provides a compositional semantics for the Japanese Q-particle ka that properly accounts for its use in questions, indefinites and disjunctions in a unified fashion. Adopting the two-tier alternative semantics (Rooth 1985; Beck 2006), I will propose that the role of the ka-particle is always to project a set of alternatives introduced by the wh-item in the alternative-semantic dimension to the ordinary-semantic dimension (Kotek 2014). Unlike in previous analyses, I will adopt this semantics for the Q-particle not only for its clause-final use, but also for clause-internal use. Combining this with the cross-categorial existential closure, the analysis accounts for how the interpretation of a ka-ending phrase is conditioned by its syntactic environments. This mechanism enables an account of the previously unexplained parallelism between wh+ka and ka-disjunctions in their variability in interpretations.
Investigating the Attitude of PCG University Students Towards their Parents and Towards Marriage
Authors: Gorkem Anil , Bengisoy Ayse
Published: January 2018

The aim of this study is to investigate students in classes 1-2-3-4, studying Pyschological Guidance and Counselling (PGC) at a university in T.R.N.C. (Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus) in their relationships with their parents and their attitudes towards marriage. The study includes 325 students and was conducted during the spring of 2015-2016. ‘Personal information forms’, ‘İnönü Marriage Attitudes Scale, ‘Attitudes towards Parents Scale I and II’ have been used in order to collect research data. The viewpoints of the student PCG group, who work with child and family, have been particularly focused in connection to all of these. The findings revealed that female students’ attitudes towards their mothers are better compared to that of male students. However, in terms of gender, no connection was found between attitude towards their father and their attitude towards marriage. As female PCG students’ attitude towards their mother increases, so too has their attitude towards their father and their attitudes towards marriage. For the men whose parents are still together (not separated), there is no link between their strong attiudes towards their parents and their attitude towards marriage. It has come to light that female students, whose parents are separated, have a stronger attitude towards their mother and father. No connection was found between the students’ parents being married or having separate living arrangements and the students’ gender. Male students with parents who live separately have a stronger approach towards their their mother and father.
Hoe verhogen we het rendement van kennis voor beleid?
Authors: Benschop Hans Peter
Published: January 2018

Hoe verhogen we het rendement van kennis voor beleid?

De preoccupatie met evidence based beleid miskent de exploratieve waarde van wetenschap voor beleid. In veel en de meest uitdagende beleidsprocessen, zoals de grote transities aangaande energie, zorg, landbouw en circulaire economie, moet de overheid beslissingen in onzekerheid nemen. Het beleidsonderzoek zou zich minder moeten bezighouden met wat zeker is en meer met wijs handelen in onzekerheid. Wetenschappers kunnen de besluitruimte voor politici duiden, en kunnen aangeven wat mogelijk effectieve maatregelen zijn. Dit bescheiden, voorzichtig aftasten van de werkelijkheid vereist arena’s waar wetenschap, bestuurders en volksvertegenwoordigers in gesprek zijn over de toepassing van wetenschappelijke inzichten in de praktijk van het hier en nu. Op diverse plekken in Nederland wordt geëxperimenteerd met dergelijke arena’s.
Intel Corporation’s Story
Authors: Lau Pat , Maslowski Jodi
Published: January 2018

Intel Corporation’s Story: Transforming Unproductive Conflict into Collaborative Solutions

This article reviews the authors’ experience in implementing an in-house workplace mediation programme at Intel Corporation. The authors describe the business value proposition and how workplace mediation connects into the broader corporate conflict management systems. The text focusses on key implementation design elements, such as how the programme is positioned vis-à-vis the formal HR processes; the critical role played by the triage process; and important benefits of utilizing co-mediation. This article will inform readers about the business and employee benefits of workplace mediation.
Time for a Code: Reform of Sentencing Law in England and Wales
Authors: O’Sullivan Harry , Ormerod David
Published: January 2018

Time for a Code: Reform of Sentencing Law in England and Wales

The Law Commission of England and Wales is currently working to produce a New Sentencing Code that will seek to remedy problems with one of the most heavily used and unsatisfactory areas of statutory law. It responds to the problems of complexity and inaccessibility in the current sentencing legislation, and more fundamentally in the process by which sentencing legislation is created and implemented. The aim is to introduce the new Code as a consolidation Bill in 2018 with a view to it being in force from early 2019. This article provides an overview of the problems endemic to the current law and how the Commission envisages that the new Sentencing Code will provide not only a remedy, but a lasting one.

It is important to understand from the outset that the scope of the Commission’s work on sentencing is to reform procedure. The project and the resulting legislation will not alter the length or level of sentence imposed in any case. The penalties available to the court in relation to an offence are not within the scope of the project and will not change. The change will be in the process by which each sentence is arrived at.
Religious Freedom of Members of Old and New Minorities: A Double Comparison
Authors: Bretscher Fabienne
Published: January 2018

Religious Freedom of Members of Old and New Minorities: A Double Comparison

Confronted with cases of restrictions of the right to manifest religious beliefs of new religious minorities formed by recent migration movements, the ECtHR and the UNHRC seem to opt for different interpretations and applications of this right, as recent conflicting decisions show. Based on an empirical legal analysis of the two bodies’ decisions on individual complaints, this article finds that these conflicting decisions are part of a broader divergence: While the UNHRC functions as a protector of new minorities against States’ undue interference in their right to manifest their religion, the ECtHR leaves it up to States how to deal with religious diversity brought by new minorities. In addition, a quantitative analysis of the relevant case law showed that the ECtHR is much less likely to find a violation of the right to freedom of religion in cases brought by new religious minorities as opposed to old religious minorities. Although this could be a hint towards double standards, a closer look at the examined case law reveals that the numerical differences can be explained by the ECtHR’s weaker protection of religious manifestations in the public as opposed to the private sphere. Yet, this rule has an important exception: Conscientious objection to military service. By examining the development of the relevant case law, this article shows that this exception bases on a recent alteration of jurisprudence by the ECtHR and that there are similar prospects for change regarding other religious manifestations in the public sphere.
Big Law, Big Data. Special Issue - Comparative Law
Authors: Goanta Catalina
Published: January 2018

Big Law, Big Data. Special Issue - Comparative Law

It is often claimed in the media and in political and academic debates that more law nurtures more research, which in turn should generate more information. However, the question researchers are left with is: What does this mean for comparative law and its methods? This paper takes the context of European consumer sales law as an example of the web of rules applicable at both European and national level. In this context, the main idea behind this article is that looking at law and research as data to be built upon and used in further analysis can revolutionise the way in which legal research is understood. This is because current research methods in European consumer sales law fall short of systematically analysing the essential weaknesses of the current regulation system. In this contribution, I argue that the volume of regulation in European consumer law is large enough for it to be considered Big Data and analysed in a way that can harness its potential in this respect. I exemplify this claim with a case-study consisting in the setting up of a Convergence Index that maps the converging effect of harmonizing policies adopted by the European legislator in the field of
Het verbergen en ontkennen van dopinggebruik in de professionele wielrennerij
Authors: van de Bunt Henk
Published: January 2018

Denial in relation to the use of doping in professional cycling

In this article the question is addressed how language played a pivotal role in the process of concealing and denying the use of doping in professional cycling in the period 1990-2012. The author concludes that the popular argument that the ‘Walls of Silence’ within professional cycling were based upon a system of ‘omertà’, is not convincing. Rather than that they were forced to keep their mouths shut, the people involved in the doping industry granted themselves a right to silence. The analysis also shows that the common vocabulary within cycling facilitated the processes of denial, as the concepts used – like preparation, recuperation, medical supervision and so on – are vague and ambiguous.
ADR Clauses and International Perceptions: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Salehijam Maryam
Published: January 2018

ADR Clauses and International Perceptions: A Preliminary Report

This article provides a preliminary analysis of the 622 responses to a questionnaire conducted in the context of Maryam Salehijam’s PhD research which focuses on commercial parties’ agreement to mediate/conciliate. The questionnaire targeted ADR professionals and experts with experience in drafting, inserting, or enforcing dispute resolution clauses that provide for non-binding ADR mechanisms. Some of the key findings include that it is still not very common for commercial contracts to conclude agreements to mediate/conciliate. This begs the question of why the parties and/or their legal advisors do not conclude such agreements as regularly as agreements to arbitrate. Moreover, the questionnaire confirmed that there is widespread practice in contract drafting to copy and paste dispute resolution clauses. This practice is shocking in light of the rising number of cases in which the parties disagree regarding the binding nature of their dispute resolution clause.
Enforceability of mediation clauses in Belgium and the Netherlands
Authors: van Beukering-Rosmuller Ellen , Van Leynseele Patrick
Published: January 2018

Enforceability of mediation clauses in Belgium and the Netherlands

In this article authors discuss (possible) legal means and methods aimed at making mediation clauses effective and/or enforceable. In particular Belgian and Dutch law are examined. In part attention is also paid to English, French and Italian law. Against the background of recent EU-legislation the validity of mediation clauses is discussed as well, with a focus on consumer related disputes. By reviewing US case law with regard to the duty to participate in good faith in the mediation process, the authors also outline the limits of this concept for the effectiveness of mediation clauses. The central theme of the enforceability of mediation clauses has been looked at both from a procedural as from a financial angle. Substantial differences can be noted between the Belgian and the Dutch approach towards what courts should do when dealing with a dispute in which parties have previously agreed to mediation. Belgian law provides in art. 1725 § 2 Judicial Code that the court, if so requested by the defendant, is in principle obliged to suspend the examination of the case until the mediation has taken place. According to current case law, the situation in the Netherlands is that mediation clauses are in principle not enforceable (Supreme Court 2006). Following the most recent legislative proposal regarding mediation (July 2016) the court should examine whether mediation can still have an added value in case one party refuses to take part in a mediation as provided for in a clause invoked by the other party, prior to (possibly) proposing mediation. Based on the plans repeatedly announced by the Belgian Minister of Justice, it is likely that there will soon be an amendment to the mediation provisions in the Judicial Code that will allow courts to ‘force’ mediation upon the parties, even in the absence of a mediation clause. If this becomes the rule, judges would be well advised to exercise this power with due care. In the authors’ opinion the Dutch approach (as suggested in the most recent legislative proposal) in connection with mediation clauses, consisting in having the court examine whether mediation may (still) have an added value for the parties, could serve as a good guideline for the Belgian judges to use.
Dispute Boards voor grote bouwprojecten en langetermijncontracten
Authors: Buyse William
Published: January 2018

Dispute Boards for longterm contracts

Dispute Boards are an alternative ‘real time’ method to avoid disputes. If no settlement can be reached the board will issue a decision which is contractually binding for all parties involved. This way costly arbitrations or court procedures, which generally only start at the end of projects with negative effects for both employer and contractor, are avoided. DBs are especially suited for construction sites and longterm contracts. They have a positive effect on the total cost of the project and avoid delays in the handing over at the end of the project. FIDIC, ICC are already using a special DB-article in their general contract conditions. The Worldbank, JICA, the EIB and MDBs are also using this method when financing international investment projects. Setting up a DB with three members right from the start of a project seldom costs more than 1% of the contract price of the project.
Naar een verzekerd slachtofferrecht: onderzoek naar effectief schadeverhaal van slachtoffers van misdrijven via het private verzekeringsrecht
Authors: Schijns A.J.J.G.
Published: January 2018

Naar een verzekerd slachtofferrecht: onderzoek naar effectief schadeverhaal van slachtoffers van misdrijven via het private verzekeringsrecht

De praktijk laat zien dat de huidige schadevergoedingsmogelijkheden voor slachtoffers van misdrijven tekortschieten. Als gevolg daarvan blijft een deel van de slachtoffers en nabestaanden van ernstige gewelds- en zedenmisdrijven met niet te verhalen schade zitten. Dit artikel bevat een samenvatting van recent onderzoek dat een kansrijke oplossing aanreikt waarbij slachtoffers van ernstige gewelds- en zedenmisdrijven en hun nabestaanden de schade vergoed kunnen krijgen via de aansprakelijkheidsverzekeraar van de dader.
Wetsvoorstel collectieve schadevergoedingsactie: een oplossing voor welk probleem ook alweer?
Authors: Tzankova I.N.
Published: January 2018

Wetsvoorstel collectieve schadevergoeding: een oplossing voor welk probleem ook alweer?

Het wetsvoorstel werd ingevoerd als gevolg van de motie Dijksma, die de positie van belangenorganisaties in collectieve schadevergoedingsacties moest verbeteren. Terwijl het systeem van de exclusieve belangenbehartiger in combinatie met het voorgestelde opt-outregime vroeg in de procedure verweerders een grote dienst bewijst, doet het wetsvoorstel weinig voor de adequate financiering van collectieve acties, waardoor een tekort aan rechtsbescherming dreigt. De auteur pleit voor een wettelijke introductie van de ‘common fund’, gekoppeld aan de bevoegdheid voor de rechter om de ‘success fee’ voor de procesfinanciers te bepalen. Dit dient wel te worden geflankeerd door een passende opleiding en training van de rechters die over collectieve acties oordelen. Ook dient de registratieplicht te worden uitgebreid met rapportageplicht aan het einde van een collectieve actie of schikking.
Social Education and Social Work as an Inspirational Resource of Teacher Training.
Authors: Gulová Lenka , Střelec Stanislav
Published: January 2018

In the process of finding progressive and long-term strategies, programs and models for the Czech education system, social education and thus social work finds itself in a prominent position. Out study deals with selected knowledge of these fields, which became a natural part of teacher training in the current pedagogical theory and practice. Examples of integrating socio-educational thematic units into teacher education programs are also a reflection of social needs that result from the dynamically evolving life of Czech society.
Government Help in Upbringing Children and its Significance in the Formation of the Attitudes of Single Parents Towards Employment.
Authors: Jurczyk-Romanowska Ewa
Published: January 2018

In the paper, an analysis is presented of the new solutions in government support for the opportunities for providing for the needs of children in families introduced in Poland, which have become a flag electoral project of the right-wing political party Law and Justice (Prawo i Sprawiedliwość). After the parliamentary elections of 2015 the work on a new bill began and in the first quarter of 2016 the Act on government help in upbringing children went into effect. The regulation was intended as a countermeasure to the demographic crisis in Poland. According to this new legal regulation, single parents raising one child may not be able to collect the new benefit. This regulation encourages single parents to leave employment and live on benefits from social services and child-support benefits.
Czech-Polish Family Relations. The Basic Assumptions of the Research Project.
Authors: Ładyżyński Andrzej
Published: January 2018

The article presents the assumptions of the research project, which aims to depict the common life of the multicultural families of Czech and Polish couples. This significant proximity for both nations does not abound in numerous relationships. Therefore, it is crucial to analyse the relationships of the couples/families and the social perception of them in their environments.
The Social and Pedagogical Qualities of Modern Vocational Training Teachers.
Authors: Sokolova Inna Imamovna , Ilina Marina Sergeevna , Vildanova Elmira Minekasimovna , Aydarova Alsou Mirzayanovna , Strakhova Irina Vladimirovna
Published: January 2018

The relevance of the research problem is determined by its practical and theoretical components. The practical relevance of the problem is determined, on the one hand, by new demands of society and industry on the pedagogical component of the vocational training teachers’ activity, and by need to realize the potential of Humanities in development of the pedagogical competence of future vocational training teachers and the insufficient development of pedagogical conditions promoting the effective implementation of this process, on the other hand.
Analysis of Fusion Genes by NanoString System: A Role in Lung Cytology?
Authors: Alì Greta , Bruno Rossella , Savino Mauro , Giannini Riccardo , Pelliccioni Serena , Menghi Maura , Boldrini Laura , Proietti Agnese , Chella Antonio , Ribechini Alessandro , Fontanini Gabriella
Published: January 2018

Context.—

Patients with non–small cell lung cancer harboring ALK receptor tyrosine kinase (ALK), ROS proto-oncogene 1 (ROS1), and ret proto-oncogene (RET) gene rearrangements can benefit from specific kinase inhibitors. Detection of fusion genes is critical for determining the best treatment. Assessing rearrangements in non–small cell lung cancer remains challenging, particularly for lung cytology.

Objective.—

To examine the possible application of the multiplex, transcript-based NanoString system (NanoString Technologies, Seattle, Washington) in the evaluation of fusion genes in lung adenocarcinoma samples.

Data Sources.—

This study is a narrative literature review. Studies about NanoString, gene fusions, and lung adenocarcinoma were collected from PubMed (National Center for Biotechnology Information, Bethesda, Maryland). We found 7 articles about the application of the NanoString system to detect fusion genes on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor tissues and one article evaluating the adequacy of lung cytologic specimens for NanoString gene expression analysis.

Conclusions.—

To maximize the yield of molecular tests on small lung biopsies, the NanoString nCounter system has been suggested to detect fusion genes. NanoString fusion gene assays have been successfully applied on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. Although there are only a few studies available, the application of NanoString assays may also be feasible in lung cytology. According to available data, the NanoString system could strengthen the routine molecular characterization of lung adenocarcinoma.
Myeloid Neoplasm With Germline Predisposition: A 2016 Update for Pathologists
Authors: Gao Juehua , Gong Shunyou , Chen Yi-Hua
Published: January 2018

Context.—

Myeloid neoplasms with familial occurrence have been rarely reported in the past. With the advance of molecular technology and better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of myeloid neoplasms, investigating the genetic causes of familial acute myeloid leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome has become feasible in the clinical setting. Recent studies have identified a rapidly expanding list of germline mutations associated with increased risks of developing myeloid neoplasm in the affected families. It is important to recognize these entities, as such a diagnosis may dictate a unique approach in clinical management and surveillance for the patients and carriers.

Objective.—

To raise the awareness of myeloid neoplasms arising in the setting of familial inheritance among practicing pathologists.

Data Sources.—

Based on recent literature and the 2016 revision of the World Health Organization classification of hematopoietic neoplasms, we provide an up-to-date review of myeloid neoplasm with germline predisposition.

Conclusions.—

This short review focuses on the clinical, pathologic, and molecular characterization of myeloid neoplasm with germline predisposition. We emphasize the important features that will help practicing pathologists to recognize these newly described entities.
Estudo experimental: Impacto de grupos de canto no bem-estar subjetivo de seniores
Authors: Pires Anabela , Galinha Iolanda Costa , de Herédia Afonso
Published: January 2018

Objetivo

Avaliar o impacto da participação num programa de canto no bem-estar subjetivo (BES) de seniores.

Método

O presente estudo, com metodologia experimental, utilizou medidas estruturadas das dimensões afetiva e cognitiva do BES (Afeto Positivo e Negativo – PANAS – e Satisfação com a Vida - SWLS) e entrevistas semiestruturadas para testar o impacto de um programa de canto de curta duração (10 sessões, durante cinco semanas), no BES de um grupo de seniores, com idades entre 61 e 92 anos, num centro de dia. Trinta seniores aceitaram participar no programa de canto e foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos (experimental e de controlo), sendo que 26 participantes no total terminaram a intervenção nos dois grupos (quatro homens, 15.3%; 22 mulheres, 84.6%; M = 75 anos de idade).

Resultados

Observou-se um decréscimo significativo do nível de afeto negativo no grupo experimental, após a intervenção, que foi significativamente inferior ao do grupo de controlo. No entanto, este efeito não se manteve na medida de follow-up, oito semanas após a intervenção. Numa análise qualitativa à perceção dos indivíduos sobre a sua participação no programa indicou benefícios na interação e apoio social entre os seniores, na expressão de emoções positivas e em novas aprendizagens.

Conclusão

Os resultados sugerem que programas de grupos de canto podem promover variáveis de BES.
The Mediating Role of Organizational Culture on the Relationship between Employee Performance and Antecedents in the Hotel Sector
Authors: Ali Alsheikh Ghaith Abdul raheem , Abd Halim Mutia Sobihah Binti , Alremawi Maysoon Shafeeq Ahmad Alremawi , A Tambi Abdul Malek Bin
Published: January 2018

Abstract: Hotel managers face more risks and complexity in their work environment compared to their manufacturing firms' counterparts owing the unique service characteristic offered by hotels. The hotel managements' budgetary participation and their leadership styles, commitment quality management practices (QMPs) in terms of communications can all assist them in tackling the uncertain and risky environment for better performance of jobs. This article defined and measured leadership style, organizational commitment, quality management practices (QMPs) and their impact on organizational performance, and examined the moderating role of organizational culture on the above relationship. The article conducted an analysis of the empirical studies and models that related leadership style, organizational commitment, quality management practices (QMPs), organizational culture and performance. It primarily aimed to illustrate the conceptualization, measurement and examination of the different concepts. Following the analysis of literature, the findings showed that leadership style, organizational commitment, quality management practices (QMPs) and organizational culture significantly effects various hotel processes, employees and performance. The article also provided a description of the various dimensions of the leadership style and it found that with committed employees with norms and values consistent to those of the organization, the performance of the hotels can increase towards achieving it goals. This article suggests that the balanced scorecard (BSC) be used as a tool to measure performance in the performance management system. It also suggests that future studies focus in this area to shed light on the nature and the ability of variables to influence hotel performance. Hotel management and leaders are suggested to form robust quality management practices within the hotels to enhance its overall performance.Â
Simulation of Micro-Precoating Effect on Temperature Distribution in Plasma Thermal Spraying
Authors: Guo Kelvii Wei
Published: January 2018

The effect of micro-precoating on temperature distribution of the plasma thermal spraying was simulated. After the plasma thermal spraying test with SS304 as precoating, the effect of micro-precoating on the wear loss and fatigue had been studied preliminarily. Results show that the surface temperature with micro-precoating is higher than that of without micro-precoating. Meanwhile, the heat affected zone with precoating is wider which effectively restrains the microcracks forming in the succedent coating. Subsequently, the wear and fatigue of the plasma thermal spray coating are significantly increased with the optimum micro-precoating thickness.
Effect of Milling Time on Surface Morphology of AISI O1
Authors: Guo Kelvii Wei
Published: January 2018

AISI O1 was processed by surface milling and the influence of milling time on the surface morphology was studied by 3D profilometer and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results show that when AISI O1 specimens are processed with various milling time, the morphology of AISI O1 changes correspondingly. Moreover, it demonstrates that the initial increase in milling time accompanies with the increase in surface roughness until the milling time reaches 60 min at which the surface roughness is the minimum
De la dignité humaine
Authors: De Koninck Thomas
Published: January 2018

Un certain flou continue de régner autour du sens du mot « dignité ». La question suivante de Gabriel Marcel s’avère plus pertinente que jamais : «Ne risquons-nous pas en effet communément de nous laisser tromper par ce que j’appellerai volontiers une conception décorative de la dignité, celle-ci étant plus ou moins confondue avec l’apparat dont s’entoure volontiers la puissance?». Voici donc quelques rappels touchant, en revanche, la dignité humaine proprement dite.
La dignité humaine. Fondement et expérience
Authors: Leroux Georges
Published: January 2018

En dialogue avec l’exposé de Thomas de Koninck sur la dignité humaine, cet article propose quelques remarques philosophiques sur les fondements du concept de dignité, ainsi qu’une réflexion sur les divers contextes d’application choisis par l’auteur pour construire sa démonstration. Sur le plan des principes, ce sont surtout les notions de nature humaine et de préséance de l’esprit qui s’imposent comme fondements; sur le registre de l’expérience, Thomas de Koninck accorde beaucoup d’importance à la solidarité ainsi qu’à l’hospitalité et à la vulnérabilité. Dans mes remarques, je commente ces choix au regard de la question philosophique de l’universalité des droits, et je montre les liens de la pensée du philosophe avec l’éthique de John Rawls et avec celle de Kant, en particulier pour le concept de fin en soi.
Éducation et culture ou la question du sens dans un monde problématique
Authors: Simard Denis
Published: January 2018

Ce texte se propose de réfléchir à la question de la responsabilité du sens et de la culture dans un monde problématique. Comment assumer cette responsabilité? Nous montrerons d’abord que la question du sens et de la culture était et demeure une question centrale et névralgique de la réforme de l’éducation depuis les années 1990. Nous ferons ensuite quelques remarques sur la philosophie herméneutique et nous soulignerons que la responsabilité de transmission peut prendre appui sur un concept dense de culture. Enfin, nous insisterons sur l’interpellation politique qui se trouve au coeur de la question du sens et de la culture dans le monde d’aujourd’hui, pour le monde d’aujourd’hui.
Dignité humaine et Pensée critique dialogique chez des enfants et des adolescents
Authors: Daniel Marie-France
Published: January 2018

Dans ce texte, nous apportons quelques éléments de définition en regard de la dignité humaine et présentons quelques articles de la Convention sur les droits de l’enfant qui mettent en lumière la notion de dignité. Ensuite, nous introduisons les composantes d’une pensée critique dite « dialogique ». À l’aide de ces composantes, nous avons analysé des discussions d’élèves âgés de 10 à 19 ans qui n’avaient bénéficié d’aucune formation explicite en vue de développer préalablement une pensée critique. Les résultats des analyses montrent que, sur le continuum du processus développemental d’une pensée critique dialogique, qui s’échelonne du simple au complexe, l’épistémologie des adolescents se complexifie de manière peu significative entre la 5e année du primaire et la fin du collégial. Dans la dernière section du texte, nous discutons ces résultats en lien avec des habiletés et des attitudes inhérentes à la dignité humaine.
Une éthique professorale au service de l’estime de soi
Authors: Prairat Eirick
Published: January 2018

Si nous donnons crédit à l’hypothèse selon laquelle la haine de l’autre est toujours, d’une manière ou d’une autre, la haine de soi, si l’on accepte l’idée que la détestation souveraine d’autrui est une forme de mépris de soi, alors il y a urgence à placer au coeur du projet éducatif de l’école la question de l’estime de soi. Nous avons organisé ce texte en trois sections. Dans la première section, nous explicitons la notion d’estime de soi, nous le faisons avec les mots de Ricoeur. Dans la seconde section, nous déclinons les lignes de force d’une éthique enseignante centrée sur l’estime de soi (de l’élève) et montrons comment elle noue trois grandes vertus (la justice, la sollicitude et le tact). Dans la troisième et dernière section, nous montrons que l’exemplarité, la nécessaire exemplarité professorale, peut être pensée comme une exemplarité ordinaire. Heureux paradoxe, l’éthique pour temps difficiles n’est pas une éthique surérogatoire, elle ne requiert ni la sainteté, ni l’héroïsme.
L’éducation antiraciste, inclusive et aux droits dans le développement des compétences professionnelles du personnel scolaire et des capabilités des élèves
Authors: Potvin Maryse
Published: January 2018

Cet article porte un regard sur les différences et convergences qui se dégagent des grands courants théoriques dans le champ de l’éducation à la diversité ethnoculturelle (inter/multiculturel, antiraciste /critique, civique, inclusif) quant aux compétences professionnelles à développer par le personnel scolaire pour atteindre les grandes finalités de l’équité, de l’effectivité des droits, du vivre-ensemble et du développement des capabilités des élèves. L’article s’appuie sur une revue de la littérature nationale et internationale, qui visait à dégager les éléments de compétences (savoirs, savoir-faire, savoir-être essentiels) pour savoir-agir en contexte de diversité, et qui, selon les théoriciens, devraient être développés dans tous les programmes de formation à l’enseignement. Il n’aborde pas ces enjeux sous un angle disciplinaire, lié au curriculum québécois (éthique et culture religieuse, histoire et éducation à la citoyenneté), mais dans une perspective transversale. L’article présente d’abord quelques fondements de ces courants afin de dégager leurs objectifs communs et leur convergence vers une approche globale et inclusive intégrée. Il porte ensuite une attention particulière aux deux finalités centrales qui font consensus parmi les théoriciens et qui sont au coeur des compétences professionnelles du personnel scolaire pour développer les capabilités des élèves : 1) prendre en compte les réalités, besoins et droits des élèves, particulièrement ceux des groupes minoritaires ou vulnérables, pour développer leurs capabilités, et 2) les préparer à vivre ensemble dans une société pluraliste et démocratique. Il dégage aussi les principaux défis liés à la prise en compte et à la mise en oeuvre de ces deux finalités.
How the US can best support the careers of promising young biomedical scientists
Authors: Alberts Bruce , Hyman Tony , Pickett Chris , Tilghman Shirley , Varmus Harold
Published: January 2018

A vibrant American biomedical research enterprise requires a constant infusion of young scientists proposing and conducting important, innovative research. Demographic analyses indicate that the biomedical research workforce has been aging, with scientists launching independent academic laboratories much later in their lives than previously. In addition, those starting new laboratories encounter strong pressures discouraging novel, potentially groundbreaking research. These two factors represent a major threat to the vitality of biomedical research in the U.S. Based on recent analyses demonstrating the success of such programs, we propose that the NIH expand by ten-fold its use of the New Innovator award—an award available only to young scientists proposing innovative research. We argue that this action, accompanied by two related policy changes, would dramatically improve the U.S. biomedical research enterprise.
Characteristics of Clostridium difficile infection in a high complexity hospital and report of the circulation of the NAP1/027 hypervirulent strain in Colombia
Authors: Gualtero Sandra Milena , Abril Lina Alejandra , Camelo Nathalia , Sanchez Susi Daniela , Davila Fabián Antonio , Arias Gerson , Silva Edwin , Bustos Ingrid Gissel , Josa Diego Fernando , Torres Isabel Cristina , Zambrano Luis Carlos , Pareja María José
Published: January 2018

Introducción. Clostridium difficile es el principal responsable de la diarrea asociada al uso de antibióticos. En Colombia y en Latinoamérica, el conocimiento sobre el comportamiento epidemiológico de la infección por C. difficile todavía es limitado.Objetivo. Describir las características de una serie de pacientes con infección por C. difficile.Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio descriptivo de una serie de casos de pacientes con infección por C. difficile atendidos en la Fundación Clínica Shaio, entre enero de 2012 y noviembre de 2015.Resultados. Se estudiaron 36 pacientes con una edad promedio de 65 años. Se determinaron los siguientes factores relacionados con la infección por C. difficile: uso previo de antimicrobianos (94,4 %), hospitalización en los últimos tres meses (66,7 %) y uso de inhibidores de la bomba de protones (50 %). Las comorbilidades más comunes fueron la enfermedad renal crónica (41,7 %) y la diabetes mellitus (30,6 %). Los síntomas más frecuentes fueron más de tres deposiciones diarreicas (97,1 %) y dolor abdominal (42,9 %). En cuanto a la gravedad de los casos, 44,4 % se clasificó como leve a moderado, 38,9 % como grave, y 11,1 % como complicado o grave. El método de diagnóstico más utilizado (63,8% de los pacientes) fue la identificación de la toxina mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR). La mortalidad global durante la hospitalización fue de 8 %. Se identificaron cuatro cepas del serotipo NAP1/027 y nueve muestras fueron positivas para la toxina binaria.Conclusión. La infección por C. difficile debe sospecharse en pacientes con deposiciones diarreicas y factores asociados tradicionalmente a esta enfermedad. Se reportó la circulación de cepas hipervirulentas del serotipo NAP1/027 en Colombia, lo cual debe enfrentarse con la vigilancia epidemiológica y el diagnóstico temprano
How to intervene and prevent stunting of children from homes belonging to the Sisbén in Caldas
Authors: Benjumea María Victoria , Parra José Hernán , Jaramillo Juan Felipe
Published: January 2018

Introducción. El retraso del crecimiento o la desnutrición crónica (baja estatura para la edad) indica un fracaso en el logro del potencial genético con el que nacemos.Objetivo. Estimar modelos predictivos de retraso del crecimiento en hogares con menores de cinco años en el departamento de Caldas, inscritos en el Sistema de Identificación de Potenciales Beneficiarios de Programas Sociales (Sisbén).Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio analítico en todos los hogares (N=56.987) incluidos en la base de datos del Sisbén III con presencia de menores de cinco años (N=33.244). Las variables estudiadas fueron las características demográficas y socioeconómicas, el acceso a la salud, la vivienda, la pobreza, la educación, el mercado laboral y el retraso del crecimiento. El análisis multivariado se realizó en dos fases: en la primera, se llevó a cabo un análisis exploratorio en los hogares mediante un análisis de clasificación jerárquica (conglomerado) y, luego, se estimó un modelo no lineal predictivo (probit) con el retraso del crecimiento como variable dependiente.Resultados. La mayor proporción de retraso del crecimiento en los menores de cinco años se encontró en la subregión Centro Sur, en la cabecera municipal y en los hogares con ingresos menores de USD$ 65 mensuales.Conclusión. La pobreza de los hogares caldenses con jefatura femenina en los que viven los menores de cinco años inscritos en el Sisbén, es el mayor predictor de su retraso en el crecimiento.
Commented review of the Colombian legislation regarding the ethics of health research
Authors: Lopera Mónica María
Published: January 2018

La ética de la investigación en salud no se agota en el marco normativo y trasciende la Resolución 8430 de 1993. Las normas constituyen una herramienta fundamental que determina los estándares mínimos de protección de los sujetos de investigación y, por lo tanto, su conocimiento y aplicación, así como la reflexión sobre ellas, son deberes de todos los investigadores en salud.En este texto se presentan y discuten desde un punto de vista analítico las normas para el ejercicio de la investigación en salud, entendiendo por salud un proceso multidimensional y por investigación en salud, un proceso multidisciplinario que trasciende este campo y abarca la investigación básica, la clínica y de salud pública, la colectiva y la de ciencias afines.Las principales categorías analíticas que se presentan se relacionan con los principios y los participantes en la investigación, las entidades reguladoras, los comités de ética y los sujetos y poblaciones especiales o vulnerables, y con los códigos de ética profesional, el consentimiento informado y el tratamiento de los datos.A pesar de los aportes de las normas éticas a la cualificación del ejercicio investigativo en salud, se concluyó que la normatividad vigente en Colombia debe actualizarse con respecto a los desarrollos técnicos y científicos y las especificidades de los diversos tipos de investigación en salud.
Estimation of underreporting of Chikungunya virus infection cases in Girardot, Colombia, from November, 2014, to May, 2015
Authors: Pacheco Óscar , Martínez Máncel , Alarcón Ángela , Bonilla Mauricio , Caycedo Alexandra , Valbuena Tania , Zabaleta Angie
Published: January 2018

Introducción. En Colombia, la enfermedad causada por el virus del chikungunya se constituyó en una epidemia en el 2015. Se estima que hubo un subregistro del número de casos notificados al sistema de vigilancia, lo cual resulta en sesgos en las proyecciones epidemiológicas que sirven para la adopción de decisiones, un grave problema que no permite apreciar la magnitud y la importancia epidemiológica real de la enfermedad.Objetivo. Estimar el subregistro de los casos de chikungunya en el municipio de Girardot, Cundinamarca, entre noviembre de 2014 y mayo de 2015.Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo mediante encuestas en las viviendas de las 132 manzanas seleccionadas por muestreo aleatorio simple en la búsqueda activa comunitaria, y en el 100 % de los registros individuales de prestación de servicios y del Sivigila mediante búsqueda activa institucional. Los datos se analizaron en el programa EpiInfo, versión 7.Resultados. La tasa de ataque estimada fue de 64,7 %. El subregistro de casos se estimó en 36,1 % por no haber asistido a consulta y, en 24,9 %, por falta de notificación. Según las respuestas de los encuestados, la causa más frecuente para no haber consultado fue la automedicación (n=392; 43 %), seguida del colapso en la prestación de los servicios de salud (207; 23 %).Conclusión. El subregistro general fue del 87,05 %, desde el inicio de la epidemia en Girardot; en este estudio se explica el 60,9 % de este subregistro.