bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nilai Pendidikan Karakter dalam Tembang Kinanthi, Sinom, dan Girisa pada Serat Wulangreh
Authors: Wuryantoro Aris , Ambarwati Rosita , Arifin Samsul
Published: January 2024

Serat Wulangreh merupakan salah satu karya fenomenal dari Sri Susuhunan Pakubuwana IV. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis nilai pendidikan karakter pada tembang Kinanthi, Sinom dan Girisa dalam Serat Wulangreh, metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif, sampel penelitian diambil masing-masing 5 gatra dari tembang Kinanthi, Sinom, dan Girisa dengan teknik purposive sampling, data dianalisis menggunakan teknik content analysis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tembang Kinanthi, Sinom dan Girisa dalam Serat Wulangreh banyak mengandung nilai pendidikan karakter, antara lain nilai religius, jujur, toleransi, disiplin, kerja keras, kreatif, mandiri, rasa ingin tahu, menghargai prestasi, cinta damai, peduli lingkungan, peduli sosial, dan tanggung jawab. Nilai pendidikan karakter dari ke tiga tembang tersebut didominasi oleh nilai menghargai prestasi. Peneliti menyimpulkan bahwa nilai pendidikan karakter selaras dengan karakter atau sifat dari tiga tembang tersebut.
A Study on Histopathological Changes and Neonatal Outcomes in the Placenta of COVID-19 Positive Mothers–A Prospective Study
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600092, India., V Sudha , Subramanian Muthu ,   Senior Resident, Department of Pathology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India., Sekhar Ganthimathi ,   Professor, Department of Pathology, Saveetha medical college and Hospital, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India, Srinivasan Chitra ,   Professor and Head, Department of Pathology, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600092, India.
Published: January 2024

context: It has been estimated that are about 168 million lab confirmed COVID 19 cases worldwide as of 28th may, 2021. Due to the high prevalence of this disease, it is of utmost importance to study its effect on the vulnerable population of pregnant women. aim: Aim of the study are 1) the histopathological changes in placenta of COVID19 mothers. 2) To correlate the histopathological changes with the fetal outcome in COVID 19 positive mothers. materials & method: Twenty five placentas of Covid 19 positive mothers were received in formalin with proper clinical history including age of the mother, gestational age, mode of delivery, complications during pregnancy and during labor, baby weight and APGAR score of the baby. The specimen were allowed to fix in neutral buffered formalin for a period of 48 hrs. The placentas were then grossly and histopathologically examined. results: Out of 25 placentas, some showed features of maternal vascular malperfusion (MVM), particularly villous infarct, villous agglutination and intervillous and perivillous fibrin deposits. Some showed fetal vascular malperfusion features like avascular villi, stem vessel obliteration were also present in a few of the cases. Out of the 25 pregnancies, 21 babies were delivered live with normal birth weight. There were 4 spontaneous abortions ranging from 14 - 22 weeks. conclusion: As the placenta acts as a bridge between the mother and the developing baby, any insult to the placenta in the form of maternal or fetal vascular malperfusion may result in an adverse perinatal outcome
A Comparative Study of Expression of PTEN and p53 in Endometrial Hyperplasia and Carcinoma in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors:   Postgraduate, Department of Pathology, Sri Ramaswamy Memorial Institute of Science and Technology, Potheri, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Tamilnadu 603203, India., Vineetha P , John Jaison Jacob ,   Professor, Department of Pathology, Sri Ramaswamy Memorial Institute of Science and Technology, Potheri, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Tamilnadu 603203, India.
Published: January 2024

Context: A comparison of PTEN and p53 expression in endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma. Aims: To study the histomorphology and expression of PTEN and p53 markers in endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma in histopathology samples. Settings and Design: This is a comparative study done on 40 cases of endometrial hyperplasia and 20 cases of endometrial carcinoma. Methods and Material: This is a 2 year study done on 40 cases of endometrial hyperplasia and 20 cases of endometrial carcinoma in a tertiary care hospital. Endometrial biopsies and resected specimens of uterus received at pathology department were grossed, processed and were stained by hematoxylin and eosin and examined by the pathologist. The expression of PTEN and p53 markers was evaluated on the diagnosed samples. Results: Out of 36 cases of endometrial hyperplasia without atypia, 4 atypical hyperplasias and 20 endometrioid carcinomas, loss of PTEN expression was found to be 16.7%, 25% and 80% respectively, whereas expression of p53 was found to be 5.6%, 75% and 90% respectively in the same cases. Conclusions: The loss of PTEN expression or positive expression of p53 in hyperplasias may be used as an early indicator of progression to carcinoma. The altered expressions of these markers are initiated in few cases of hyperplasia, which may progress to atypical hyperplasia, a premalignant lesion and ultimately develop into carcinoma.
Magnitude of Morbidity and Mortality and Trends in Fatal Railway Injuries
Authors:   Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Demmed to be University, Karad, District, Satara, Maharashtra 415539., Patil Ajay Vinayak , Mohite Shailesh C ,   Professor and Head, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Topiwala National Medical College and BYL Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai 400008, India.
Published: January 2024

Background: Railway accidents that take human lives and economic toll are mostly underreported and go unnoticed and the victims of such incidences are poorly paid as well. Therefore it is important to pay due attention to the deaths of the Railway and devise effective policies to provide fair treatment to the victims of these incidents and also to make efforts to minimize them. Aims: To assess and judge the exact magnitude of morbidity and mortality and trends in fatal railway injuries. Materials and methods: This Retrospective study carried out at the mortuary of the teaching hospital on the incidence of railway deaths the material comprised of 298 victims who died exclusively of railway injuries. Results: In our Institute, medicolegal autopsies constitute 35% of the total autopsies. Autopsies in cases of Railways constitute around 10% of the total medicolegal autopsies. Most of the victims were in the age group of 21 to 30 years, males contributed to 70% and females 30%, but still, then female, alcohol was detected in the body in 13% of cases, distribution of the external injuries showed that there are commonest in the head region(73%),More than one reason was involved in the majority of cases. Conclusion: It is suggested that a set of preventive measures for a multipronged strategy to minimize railroad deaths.
Stature Estimation by Index and Ring Finger Length
Authors:   Associate Professor, Forensic Medicine, Narayana Medical College, Nellore. Andhra Pradesh 524003, India., Prasad I Mohan , Sheikh Nishat Ahmed ,   Professor and Head of Forensic Medicine, Jaipur National University, Institute for Medical Sciences and Research Center, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302017, India.
Published: January 2024

Background: A series of systemized techniques of measuring quantitatively the dimensions of human body and skeleton is called as Anthropometry and it is often viewed as traditionally the basic tool for biological anthropology and it has a long traditional use in forensic sciences and its findings has increased its use in medical sciences specifically in speciality of Forensic Medicine. Aim and objective: To find out correlation between Index and Ring finger length with stature of the individual and to devise a linear regression equation to determine stature from Index and Ring finger length. Type of Study: Descriptive cross sectional study with analytical and comparative components. Place of Study: Department of forensic medicine and Toxicology Narayana Medical College, Nellore District of Andhra Pradesh State. Material and Method: Stature: using the stadio-meter, the subject was made to stand barefoot in the standard standing position on its baseboard. The length of the Index and ring fingers was measured fromproximal crease to the tip. Observation and Discussion: The Mean±SD age of study samples was 21.41 ± 2.1years. There was no significant difference between themean age of the two genders (P>0.001). Accordingly the Mean±SD height was 164.62 ± 8.56cm intotal cases, 168.12 ± 7.6 cm in males, and 161.1 ± 8.01cm in females, which differed significantly (P<0.0001).The Mean±SD lengths of index and ring fingers were6.55 ± 0.48 cm and 6.6 ± 0.51 cm in total samples,6.72 ± 0.52 cm and 6.78 ± 0.55 cm in males, and6.37 ± 0.37 cm and 6.42 ± 0.38 cm in females, respectively. Conclusion: In our study there exists a significant and positive correlation between stature and Index and ring finger length between both the sexes indicating strong and reliable relationship between the parameters.
Bizygomatic Distance and Maxillary Sinus Dimensions as Predictors for Age Estimation: A Morphometric Analysis using Cone Beam Computed Tomography
Authors:   Post Graduate Student, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, JSS Dental College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore 570 015, India., Ramesh Aishwarya , Patil Karthikeya ,   Professor and HOD, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, JSS Dental College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore 570 015, India., VG Mahima ,   Professor, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, JSS Dental College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore 570 015, India., CJ Sanjay ,   Reader, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, JSS Dental College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore 570 015, India., D Nagabhushana ,   Reader, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, JSS Dental College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore 570 015, India., Deshpande Prasanna Srinivas ,   Lecturer, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, JSS Dental College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore 570 015, India.
Published: January 2024

Aims: Aim of the study was to estimate, compare and differentiate the anatomical variations according to ageing in the bizygomatic distance and dimensions of maxillary sinuses on Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images and to assess their authenticity in age estimation that might be used as an evidence in forensics. Settings and Design: CBCT images of bilateral maxillary sinus were obtained from 30 subjects, categorized into 3 groups of age ranging between 20-40, 41-50, 51-60 years. Methods and Material: Measurements such as bizygomatic distance and maxillary sinus dimensions namely length, height, width, area, perimeter and volume were evaluated. Statistical Analysis Used: The data was subjected to descriptive statistical analysis followed by Chi-square test, One way ANOVA, regression ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation and Post-Hoc test. Results: The study showed a difference among mean values of different age groups but was statistically non significant. As age increased the left width, mean width of right and left maxillary sinus, left area, left perimeter, left volume and right and left mean volume of maxillary sinus decreased linearly and significantly with significant P values. The regression ANOVA revealed that volume is the true predictor of age of the subjects. Conclusion: Age estimation with few linear measurements of maxillary sinus dimensions was possible among the study population. It was found that as the age increased few of the maxillary sinus dimensions decreased. Hence this study positively recommends the use of maxillary sinus dimensions for the purpose of age estimation in the field of forensics.
Estimation of stature from per-cutaneous tibial length measurement amongst students of S.M.S.R, Sharda University
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, School of Medical Sciences & Research, Sharda University, Gautam Budh Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201310, Saxena Anshul , Rastogi Pooja ,   Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, School of Medical Sciences & Research, Sharda University, Gautam Budh Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201310, Bharti Rohit ,   Associate Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, School of Medical Sciences & Research, Sharda University, Gautam Budh Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201310, Kakkar Ankita ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, School of Medical Sciences & Research, Sharda University, Gautam Budh Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201310
Published: January 2024

Stature is one of the major parameters for ascertaining the identity of an individual. Mathematical correlation of length of long bones to the overall stature has been an established method of estimation of height for unidentified individuals. In the present study 100 individuals of either sex, in the age group of 20 – 25 years were studied and their percutaneous tibial lengths were correlated with overall stature. Differences were noted in the tibial lengths of right and left sides in the same individual and also among tibial length in individuals with similar height. Regression analysis was carried out and formulae were developed for stature estimation. Comparisons were made with different regional studies and it was concluded that with varying statures in different populations, region specific studies need to be carried out for every population group.
Accidental Decapitation in Road Traffic Accident: A Rare Occurence
Authors:   Additional Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical sciences, New Delhi 110029, India., Yadav Abhishek , V Aravindan ,   Junior Resident, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical sciences, New Delhi 110029, India., Pandit Jay Narayan ,   Senior Resident, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical sciences, New Delhi 110029, India., Vignesh Karthi ,   Senior Resident, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
Published: January 2024

Accidental decapitation is very rarely seen in Road Traffic Accidents. The common site of decapitation is at the level of the mid-neck in C2-C3 vertebrae or C3-C4 vertebrae due to its weak nature. Here we present a rare presentation of decapitation in a case of Road Traffic Accident, where a person riding a cycle was decapitated at the atlanto-occipital joint. The mode of decapitation and the rarity of its site make this case unique. Autopsy surgeons do not encounter decapitation cases regularly and hence on first encounter many queries regarding manner of death arises in one’s mind. The autopsy surgeons should be clear that although decapitations are commonly encountered in suicide and railway track settings, there is a possibility of its occurrence in regular road traffic accident settings also especially in persons travelling in two-wheeled )open) vehicles.
Injury Patterns and Factors Responsible in Fatal Motorcyclist’s Road Traffic Accidents: A Forensic Perspective
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Gandhi, Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana 500044., Raju Gangavarapu Deva , Gaddala Mary Sowjanya ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Hyderabad 500096, India
Published: January 2024

Road traffic accidents are the major cause of premature death and disability all over the world and motorized two-wheelers accidents account for the majority of such cases particularly in developing countries like India. The aim of the present study is to analyze the pattern of injuries with a focus on head injuries and the environmental factors leading to events. Methodology:A cross-sectional analytic study was conducted in the Department of Forensic Medicine at Osmania General Hospital, Afzalgunj Hyderabad during the period January 1st, 2018 to December 31st, 2018. Results: Abigmajorityofvictimsconstituteaworkingandeconomicallyproductiveage group of 20-40yrs with male predominance (72.46%). Most accidents (22.6%) occurred during 6-9 pm. Hit by other vehicles (44%) followed by self-skid (32%), and hitting the barriers, or stoppers, sudden interruption by animals and pedestrians, the influence of alcoholallconstitutetheremaining.Aboutnearly87%ofinjuriesaremultipleandhead injuries. Skull fractures were seen in the majority with Sub dural Haemorrhage (47.1%) and Sub arachnoid Haemorrhage (43.6%) which lead to death. Conclusions: The involvement of economically productive males was a major concern. Major responsible factors are nighttime driving, road conditions, barriers, sudden interruption by animals, pedestrians, and the influence of alcohol. Injuries were highly frequent in Head and neck region followed by extremities. There is a need to emphasize on use of helmets and improvement in road conditions and safety measures.
Histomorphological Study of Atherosclerotic Lesions of Coronary Artery and Aorta: An Autopsy Study
Authors:   Senior Resident, Department of Pathology, RIMS, Raichur, Karnataka 584102, India., Nyamagoudar Sunita , BH Ramesh ,   Professor and Head of Department, Department of Pathology, RIMS, Raichur, Karnataka 584102, India, Sasturkar Radhika C ,   Senior Resident, Department of Pathology, RIMS, Raichur, Karnataka 584102, India.
Published: January 2024

Background: Cardiovascular diseases leading to atherosclerosis are rapidly increasing in Indian population. This study was formulated to assess histomorphological atherosclerotic changes in aorta and coronary arteries and grading of lesions according to American Heart Association Classification (AHA). Materials and Methods: 57 heart specimens received for autopsy study were included in the study. Hearts were fixed in 10% formalin and dissected. They were examined grossly for atherosclerotic lesions in aorta and coronary arteries and subsequent microscopic sections were studied and graded according to AHA classification. Results: 44(77%) cases belonged to male and 13(23%) cases belonged to female. 16(28%) cases were seen in third decade followed by 14(24.6%) and 9(15.8%) in second and fourth decades respectively. Majority of atherosclerotic lesions were noted in aorta (25) followed by LAD (10). Maximum number of lesions were in grade II with 15(26.3%) cases followed by grade IV and grade III with 13(22.8%) and 10(17.5%) cases each respectively. Conclusion: Atherosclerotic lesions are rapidly increasing among younger population. Screening programs and preventive measures if implemented early can prevent these lesions and it’s complications
Designing a blended delivery foundation mathematics course: Targeting self-efficacy, skill development and social connectedness
Authors: Cameron Rosie A.
Published: January 2024

Foundation mathematics courses play a crucial role in allowing students who have not achieved the pre-requisite mathematics credits for tertiary studies to re-engage with STEM studies. This paper describes how targeting self-efficacy, skill development and social connectedness have influenced the design of a foundation mathematics course at a New Zealand university. These design goals are grounded in education literature, and the paper outlines how focusing on these goals has resulted in the design of a course that incorporates novel approaches to learning and assessment, including online and face-to-face components. These approaches include the use of large, automatically graded weekly quizzes; adaptive learning quizzes for essential skills such as fraction arithmetic; and an emphasis on face-to-face learning and connection through tutorials and collaborative problem-solving workshops. The paper concludes with reflections on the success of the course so far and raising questions for future investigation.
Plugging Mechanism of Rigid and Flexible Composite Plugging Materials for Millimeter-Scale Fractures
Authors: Bai Yingrui , Liu Yuan , Sun Jinsheng , Lv Kaihe
Published: January 2024

Drilling-fluid loss caused by millimeter-scale fractures is a notoriously difficult problem in drilling engineering, and both rigid and flexible plugging materials are commonly used to address this issue. This investigation aims to comprehensively explore the plugging efficacy and underlying mechanisms of rigid, flexible, and fiber materials when used individually and in combination. The findings of our investigations into macroscopic high-temperature and high-pressure plugging experiments divulge a revelation: Under conditions of enhanced concentration, rigid particles evince the remarkable ability to engender a pressure-enduring plugging stratum; in contrast, independent attempts by flexible and fiber materials to yield a stable plugging layer are challenging. In this context, the optimal ratio of rigid, flexible, and fiber materials has been determined through composite plugging experiments. Calcite particles with a concentration of 5–8%, rubber particles with a concentration of 2–3%, and polypropylene fibers with a concentration of 1–2% were compounded for fracture plugging with widths of 1 mm, 3 mm, and 5 mm, respectively. The resulting plugging strengths were 10 MPa, 9 MPa, and 7 MPa. The microscopic visualized plugging experiments showed that the rigid particles form an I-shaped plugging layer with high strength but are difficult to transport to the deep part of the fracture. Flexible particles can be transported into the deep part of the fracture to form a plugging layer, but the “V”-shaped formation is unstable and has low strength. Based on the experimental results of “rigid-flexible synergistic” composite bridging-plugging formulations for different scales of fractured strata, the preferred template for bridging-plugging material formulations in the field is investigated to provide a reference for the bridging-plugging material formulations in the field.
Bee cups 2.0: P-Cups as single-use cages for honey bee experiments
Authors: Evans Jay D. , Chen Yanping , Lamas Zachary , Markowitz Lindsey , Palmer-Young Evan , Boncristiani Dawn
Published: January 2024

Honey bees and other pollinators face threats from pesticides, imperfect nutrition, and a diverse set of parasites and pathogens. Honey bees are also a research model for development, social behavior, microbiology, and aging. Tackling these questions requires a mix of in-hive and controlled laboratory experiments. We have perfected small-scale, inexpensive, disposable, rearing arenas for honey bees that have proved useful for hundreds of bioassays with thousands of bees. We describe those arenas here and provide links to videos demonstrating their many uses.
Microbiome changes in a stranding simulation of the holopelagic macroalgae Sargassum natans and Sargassum fluitans
Authors: Mendonça Inara R. W. , Theirlynck Tom , Zettler Erik R. , Amaral-Zettler Linda A. , Oliveira Mariana Cabral
Published: January 2024

Holopelagic Sargassum has been causing massive strandings on tropical Atlantic Ocean shorelines. After stranding, the algal biomass starts to decompose, releasing nutrients, toxic gases, and potentially introduces exogenous macro and microorganisms. Describing the microbiome associated with Sargassum, and how it changes after stranding is important in identifying potential microbial introductions to coastal environments, as well as sources of potential biotechnological resources. In this study, stranding simulation exploratory experiments were done for S. fluitans III and S. natans VIII on shipboard. Samples for microbiome identification were taken at 0 hr, just after removing healthy Sargassumfrom the seawater, and after 24 and 48 hrs of stranding simulation under environmental conditions. The bacterial community was identified through sequencing of 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 hypervariable regions, generating a total of 2,005 Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs). Of those, 628 were shared between Sargassum species. The stranding simulation changed the microbial community and only 30, out of 2,005 ASVs, persisted throughout the experiment. Phototrophs were in the main functional group at 0 hr, shifting to chemoheterotrophs within the first 24 hrs of exposure of Sargassum to air conditions. The most abundant orders Microtrichales and Rhodobacterales at 0 hr, were replaced after 24 hrs of exposure by Alteromonadales and Vibrionales, the latter representing up to 91% of the relative abundance in the bacterial community. Even though these are initial results they emphasize the need to better investigate the microbiome once its biomass could become a fertile ground for potentially pathogenic bacteria.
RAS-p110α signalling in macrophages is required for effective inflammatory response and resolution of inflammation
Authors: Castellano Esther , Rosell Alejandro , Krygowska Agata , Alcón Marta Alcón Pérez , Voisin Mathieu-Benoit , de Paz Juan , Sanz-Fraile Héctor , Rajeeve Vinothini , Berral-González Alberto , Cuesta Cristina , Swinyard Ottilie , Gabandé-Rodriguez Enrique , Downward Julian , Alcaraz Jordi , Rivas Javier De Las , Cutillas Pedro
Published: January 2024

Macrophages are crucial in the body's inflammatory response, with tightly regulated functions for optimal immune system performance. Our study reveals that the RAS-p110α signalling pathway, known for its involvement in various biological processes and tumorigenesis, regulates two vital aspects of the inflammatory response in macrophages: the initial monocyte movement and later-stage lysosomal function. Disrupting this pathway, either in a mouse model or through drug intervention, hampers the inflammatory response, leading to delayed resolution and the development of more severe acute inflammatory reactions in live models. This discovery uncovers a previously unknown role of the p110α isoform in immune regulation within macrophages, offering insight into the complex mechanisms governing their function during inflammation. With emerging potential to activate p110α using small molecules, targeting the RAS-p110α pathway could be a promising approach for treating chronic inflammation. This therapeutic prospect holds significant promise for easing inflammatory disorders and improving the quality of life for affected patients.
Navigating the Ethical Landscape of the Artificial Placenta: A Systematic Review
Authors: Cavolo Alice , Boer Angret , Proost Lien , Verweij E. J. , Gastmans Chris
Published: January 2024

Objective: To present the ethical debate on the artificial placenta (AP) by identifying, distinguishing, and organizing the different ethical arguments described in the existing literature.
Method: We conducted a systematic review of the AP ethical literature. Articles were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria: discussing ethical arguments, on AP, written in English. QUAGOL methodology was used for analysis.
Results: Forty-five articles were included. We identified three main themes. First, foundational-ethical issues. There is substantial disagreement on whether the AP subject should be considered an infant or a new moral entity. While physiologically it stays a fetus, it sits outside the womb. Second, reproductive ethics issues. Few authors believed that the AP would increase reproductive choices. However, the majority warned that the AP could limit reproductive choices by creating pressure to use it in healthy pregnancies or as an alternative to abortion. Third, research ethics issues. Publications mostly focused on selection of the in-human trial participants.
Conclusions: AP ethical literature focuses mostly on the potential use of AP as an alternative to
abortion or healthy pregnancies rather than on the intended use as treatment after extremely premature birth. Furthermore, all but one article originated from high-income western countries, and no article discuss the AP from a global health perspective. We conclude, therefore, that the current ethical literature on AP is imbalanced: it leans more towards science fiction than actual clinical and technological reality, and important perspectives like global health are currently missing from the existing body of literature.
Theoretical study on copper adsorption on ZnO surfaces for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol
Authors: Salmi Mustafa Al
Published: January 2024

The study of Cu on ZnO surfaces is a topic of ongoing research due to the importance of Cu as a promoter in the low-temperature synthesis of methanol, the water-gas shift process, and methanol steam reforming. The role of ZnO in supporting the stabilization of the Cu atoms and promoting the CO2 hydrogenation reaction is multifaceted and involves a range of physical and chemical factors. In this work, we used density functional theory (DFT) calculations to investigate the Cu adsorption on ZnO surfaces on different sites. Bader charge analysis, adsorption energy, and phonon inelastic neutron scattering (INS) associated with most stable systems were calculated and compared with previous theoretical and experimental results. We found that atomic Cu adsorption on hollow site of ZnO(111) is the most stable site and most favorable site for Cu adsorption comparing to other ZnO surfaces. This is due to the strong metal-oxygen interaction between Cu and the ZnO surface. The results suggest that the Cu/ZnO catalyst with Cu atoms at hollow site is most likely to be active for CO2 hydrogenation. We concluded that further studies are needed to investigate the catalytic activity of this catalyst under realistic reaction conditions with realistic models of Cu supported on ZnO.
The Effects of Reviewers Security and Privacy Perceptions on Fin Apps’ Performance: A Textual Analysis
Authors: Alnsour Yazan , Juma'h Ahmad H.
Published: January 2024

App providers find strategic value in the abundant reviews generated by online users. We explored how Fin app users express concerns about information security and privacy in their reviews and examined the impact of these concerns on the overall app rating. Utilizing online reviews from various Fin apps, we conducted textual analysis and employed a semi-supervised machine-learning model to understand user perceptions of security and privacy. The primary findings indicate that perceived concerns about security and privacy have a negative impact on app performance.
Decreased Neuronal Excitability in an ApoC2-Deficient Hamster Hypertriglyceridemia Model with Acute Seizure
Authors: Shen Qiuyue , Liu Nana , Wang Yuhui , Xian Xunde , Jiang Yuwu , Liu Lili , Hou Xinlin
Published: January 2024

The aim of this study is to use genetically modified hamsters with hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) to investigate the effects of high triglycerides on neuronal excitability and to characterize the mechanisms of these effects. Then, to identify novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of neonatal seizures. Acute seizure model was generated by intraperitoneal injection of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) in homozygous ApoC2 knockout hamsters (ApoC2−/−). The number of tonic-clonic seizures was observed. Excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) and action potentials (APs) of pyramidal neurons in the frontal cortex were recorded in wild-type and ApoC2−/− hamsters. HE staining and Nissl staining were performed to observe neuronal morphology of the frontal cortex. Fatty acid metabolomic analysis was applied to microdialysate from the frontal cortex after seizures, and mRNA changes were investigated as well. The frequency of grade IV/V seizures was higher in wild-type hamsters than in ApoC2−/− hamsters. Additionally, frequencies of EPSPs and APs were significantly lower in ApoC2−/− hamsters than in wild-type hamsters. Free palmitic acid in the frontal cortex dialysate showed a significant decrease in ApoC2−/− hamsters compared to wild-type hamsters after PTZ injection. Palmitoyl acyltransferase (PAT) ZDHHC14 expression in the frontal cortex was higher in ApoC2−/− hamsters than in wild-type hamsters. In ApoC2−/− model, the frequency of PTZ-induced seizures reduced, and the excitability of neurons decreased; we also found a significant decrease in free palmitic acid levels and observed an upregulation of ZDHHC14. Overall, our results demonstrated that the physiological environment of high triglycerides regulates neuronal excitability and palmitoylation modification may be involved in this mechanism.
Assessment of subclinical left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus on follow up at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital: A Case - Control Study
Authors: Seleshi Tigist , Gebremariam Tewodros , Mekonnen Dufera , Tesfaye Demu , Markos Sura , Getachew Yitagesu , Taddese Konno , Guteta Senbeta
Published: January 2024

Background
People with diabetes are at increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. And cardiovascular diseases are the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. A peculiar feature of cardiovascular diseases in diabetic patients is that they can have a significant level of heart disease while being asymptomatic. There is a paucity of data regarding the subclinical imaging features of diabetes in Africa, particularly in Ethiopia.
Objective
Our main objective was to compare the magnitude and spectrum of left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction among asymptomatic Type 2 diabetic patients versus a normotensive, non-diabetic control group. We also assessed the determinants of left ventricular diastolic and systolic dysfunction in these patients.
Methods
This is a case-control study that was conducted at the Tikur Anbessa specialized hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Standard transthoracic echocardiography was done for all selected patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus on follow-up and for normotensive and non-diabetic controls that came to the hospital for other complaints. Ethical approval was obtained from the IRB of the department. Structured questionnaires were used to collect baseline characteristics, comorbidities, HgbA1c, LDL, triglyceride levels, and the duration and complications of diabetes. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 25.0.
Results
The mean age of participants was 56 in both groups, with a similar proportion of male and female participants (56% and 44%, respectively). Left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction were significantly more prevalent among diabetic patients than their sex and age matched controls. Within the diabetic participants aged > 60, dyslipidemia, metformin and glibenclamide use, a high serum triglyceride level, neuropathy, and statin use were found to be associated with the occurrence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Chronic kidney disease and neuropathy were associated with left ventricular systolic dysfunction.
Conclusion
Left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction were significantly more prevalent among diabetic patients than their sex and age matched controls.
Explainable Text-Tabular Models for Predicting Mortality Risk in Companion Animals
Authors: Burton James , Farrell Sean , Moubayed Noura Al , Noble Peter-John Mäntylä
Published: January 2024

As interest in using machine learning models to support clinical decision-making increases, explainability is an unequivocal priority for clinicians, researchers and regulators to comprehend and trust their results. With many clinical datasets containing a range of modalities, from the free-text of clinician notes to structured tabular data entries, there is a need for frameworks capable of providing comprehensive explanation values across diverse modalities. Here, we present a multimodal masking framework to extend the reach of SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) to text and tabular datasets to identify risk factors for companion animal mortality in first-opinion veterinary electronic health records (EHRs) from across the United Kingdom. The framework is designed to treat each modality consistently, ensuring uniform and consistent treatment of features and thereby fostering predictability in unimodal and multimodal contexts. We present five multimodality approaches, with the best-performing method utilising PetBERT, a language model pre-trained on a veterinary dataset. Utilising our framework, we shed light for the first time on the reasons each model makes its decision and identify the inclination of PetBERT towards a more pronounced engagement with free-text narratives compared to BERT-base's predominant emphasis on tabular data. The investigation also explores the important features on a more granular level, identifying distinct words and phrases that substantially influenced an animal's life status prediction. PetBERT showcased a heightened ability to grasp phrases associated with veterinary clinical nomenclature, signalling the productivity of additional pre-training of language models.
All-optic logical operations based on the visible-near infrared bipolar optical response
Authors: Wang Liming , You Jie , Zhang Ningning , Han Zhao , Zhang Qiancui , Huang Chao , Wang Bo , Hao Yuekai , Miao Tian , Liu Yang , Jiang Zuimin , Lin Dongdong , Zhang Yimeng , Ma Rui , Guo Hui , Hu Huiyong
Published: January 2024

The burgeoning need for extensive data processing has sparked enthusiasm for development of a novel optical logic gate platform due to the constraints of current electronic logic gates in achieving precise and rapid computations. In this study, junction field-effect phototransistors based on MoS2/Ge heterojunctions are constructed as optical logic units. This device demonstrates a positive photoresponse that is attributed to the photoconductivity effect occurring upon irradiation with visible light (< 800 nm). Under the illumination of near infrared optics with wavelengths (800-1800 nm) within the communication band, the device shows a negative photoresponse, which is associated with the interlayer exciton effect. A current state of the device can be effectively modulated as different logical states by precisely tuning the wavelength and power density of the optical devices. Within a 3×3 MoS2/Ge phototransistor array, five essentially all-optical logic gates (“AND”, “OR”, “NAND”, “NOT” and “NOR”) can be achieved in every signal unit. Furthermore, three complex all-optical logical operations (Y = A·B + C, Y = A·B + B·C + A·C and Y = A·B + C) are demonstrated by integrating two MoS2/Ge phototransistors in series. Compared to electronic designs, these all-optical logic operations based on the MoS2/Ge phototransistor offer a significant reduction in transistor number, with savings of 50-94% when implementing the abovementioned functions. These results offer valuable insights into the potential of silicon-based optical logical circuits and present opportunities for the development of photonic chips with low power consumption, high fidelity and large volumes.
Synchronous primary gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and multiple lung primary adenocarcinoma with pulmonary cryptococosis: a case report and literature review
Authors: YAO KE-LIN , YU ZHONG-QIANG , JIN KAI , WU JIAN-JUN , WANG LIANG
Published: January 2024

Background
The coexistence of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma of the stomach and multiple primary lung adenocarcinomas with pulmonary cryptococcosis has rarely been reported.
Case presentation:
We herein present a 75-year-old man who was admitted to our hospital due to hematemesis. Gastroscopy and imaging revealed extensive stomach wall thickening and multiple lung lesions, including nodules and cavernous lesion. The patient was diagnosed with primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma via gastroscopy and bilateral lung primary adenocarcinoma with cryptococcal infection via percutaneous CT-guided puncture biopsy. He subsequently underwent six cycles of R-CHOP regimen for gastric lymphoma, along with CT-guided radiofrequency ablation for bilateral primary lung adenocarcinoma, supplemented with antifungal therapy. After a definite diagnosis and systemic treatment, the patient was followed up for twenty-seven months with no tumor recurrence, progression or metastasis.
Conclusion
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the complex combination of multiple primary malignancies and pulmonary cryptococcal infection. The diagnosis is been confusing and challenging. CT-guided needle biopsy can help achieve pathological diagnosis, elucidate the type and stage of the tumor, and even change the clinical treatment strategy, which is necessary and beneficial.
Human Cancer Risk due to Heavy Metals in Soil and its Bioaccumulation in Earthworms in Punjab Pakistan
Authors: Abbas Ghulam , Sarwar Aqsa , Rehman Raheela , Ahmed Zaheer , Altaf Javaria , Hussain Rabiya , Jehangir Kiran , Aziz Safia , Faisal Aqsa , Fatima Areej
Published: January 2024

Earthworms are considered as the intestine of the soil and play a key role as ecological engineers. The earthworms along with soil were sampled from different regions of Punjab. The soil and earthworm samples were digested using standard protocol and further heavy metal analysis was done through ICP-MS in central Hi-Tech Lab Government College University Faisalabad. The pollution index, bioaccumulation factor and health risk assessment, due to heavy metal contamination, was calculated. The data were subjected to regression analysis to find the relationship between abiotic factors and heavy metals, heavy metal concentration and its bioaccumulation. The highest pollution index was due to cadmium contamination in Bahawalnagar i.e.,4.5. The pollution index of heavy metals shows a trend Cd ≥ Pb ≥ Sr ≥ Fe ≥ Cu ≥ Mn ≥ Co ≥ Cr ≥ Zn ≥ Ni ≥ Ca. The highest bioaccumulation was of Calcium recorded in the region of Faisalabad i.e., 8.18 and lowest bioaccumulation was of Nickel recorded the region of Muzaffargarh is -2.58. The bioaccumulation of other heavy metals shows a trend Mn ≥ Cu ≥ Sr ≥ Zn ≥ Co ≥ Cr ≥ Cd ≥ Fe ≥ Pb ≥ Ni. The highest average daily dose (ADD) was of cadmium through ingestion of soil in Children was found in the region Bahawalnager is 0.002. The maximum hazard quotient (HQ) of was of cadmium through ingestion of soil in children was found in Bahawalnager is 1.13. The highest carcinogenic risk (CR) was due to lead through ingestion of soil in children, was found in the region Muzaffargarh showing 3 persons per 10000 at cancer risk. Most potent impact on BAF has been found of electrical conductivity, including cadmium, followed by moisture and total dissolved solids followed by pH followed by total suspended solids. The lead has negative relationship with BAF of strontium, manganese, cobalt, chromium and cadmium. This study provides an insight regarding bioaccumulation of heavy metals and bioremediation of the soil through earthworms in Punjab Pakistan.
Preparation and properties of semi-alicyclic thermoplastic polyimide sheets with improved optical properties and good mechanical properties from stereoisomeric hydrogenated pyromellitic dianhydrides and fluorinated diamine
Authors: Qi Yuexin , He Zhibin , Han Shujun , Wang Zhenzhong , Yang Changxu , Dai Shengwei , Ren Xi , Yu Haifeng , Liu Jin-gang
Published: January 2024

Two semi-alicyclic thermoplastic polyimides (PI) have been prepared from stereoisomeric hydrogenated pyromellitic dianhydrides, including 1S,2R,4S,5R-hydrogenated pyromellitic dianhydride (ccHPMDA or H-PMDA) and 1R,2S,4S,5R-hydrogenated pyromellitic dianhydride (ctHPMDA or Hʹʹ-PMDA) and a fluorine-containing diamine, 2,2-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]hexafluoropropane (BDAF), respectively. The derived PI-1 (ccHPMDA-BDAF) and PI-2 (ctHPMDA-BDAF) resins were easily soluble in polar aprotic solvents, such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) and N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) and meanwhile they also exhibited good thermoplasticities. Thus, the PI films (thickness: ~25 µm) and sheets (thickness: ~3 mm) were separately prepared from the PI solutions in DMAc and the PI powders, respectively. The stereoisomeric effects in the ccHPMDA-derived PI-1 and the ct-HPMDA-derived PI-2 apparently affected the melt-flowability of the polymers. PI-2 exhibited lower melting viscosities than that of the PI-1 counterpart. The PI sheets exhibited obviously reduced optical transparency compared with those of the PI films; however better optical transparency than those of the common thermoplastic PI sheets. For example, PI-2 sheet showed the optical transmittance value at the wavelength of 760 nm (T760) of 69.6%, which was 19.5% lower than that of the analogous PI-2 film (T760 = 89.1%), however 50.3% and 65.7% higher than those of the commercially available PI-ref1 sheet (T760 = 19.3%) derived from 3,3ʹ,4,4ʹ-oxydiphthalic dianhydride (ODPA) and 4,4ʹ-oxydianiline (ODA) and the PI-ref2 sheet (T760 = 3.9%, Aurum® PL450C, Mitsui Chem. Co, Ltd., Japan), respectively. Meanwhile, the PI-1 and PI-2 sheets showed the heat deflection temperatures (HDT) of 261.0 oC and 265.0 oC, respectively, which were obviously higher than those of the referenced PIs. At last, the PI sheets exhibited good mechanical properties, including high flexural strength (130.0 ~ 132.0 MPa), flexural modulus (2.87 ~ 2.96 GPa), compression strength (124.4 ~ 149.3 MPa), compression modulus (1.49 ~ 1.59 GPa), and impact strength (129.0 ~ 139.6 KJ/m2).
The impact of lncRNAs MIR503HG, TTN-AS1, and FEZF1-AS1 and their association with miR-107 expression in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Abedi Zahra , Salehi Zivar , Zaersabet Mona , Sojoudi Kiana , Mashayekhi Farhad , Motamed Behrang
Published: January 2024

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex disease characterized by insulin resistance and insulin secretion defects. Its causes are unknown, but genetic and environmental factors play a role. Obesity and insulin resistance are associated withhsa-miR-107dysregulation. Evidence suggests that several long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in gene regulation of β-cells and T2DM pathogenesis. This study evaluated the association between lncRNAs andhsa-miR-107and then identified the proteins involved in T2DM usingin silicoanalyses. Three lncRNAs including MIR503HG, TTN-AS1, and FEZF1-AS1 were selected based on the research literature. In this study, 80 T2DM patients and 110 healthy individuals were recruited, and their peripheral blood was collected for biochemical measurements and RNA extraction. The expression levels of the selected lncRNAs andhsa-miR-107were measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results showed that individuals with T2DM had higher levels of the lncRNAMIR503HGandTTN-AS1, while the expression ofFEZF1-AS1was lower than in the control group. Furthermore, when T2DM patients were compared to healthy individuals, there was a significant upregulation of thehsa-miR-107transcript. In conclusion, our data implicate the importance ofMIR503HG,TTN-AS1,FEZF1-AS1andhsa-miR-107expression in T2DM which might yield insight into the complex mechanisms underlying the T2DM pathogenesis.