bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh penggunaan learning management system dan motivasi berprestasi terhadap hasil belajar siswa program international baccalaureate di Sekolah Pelita Harapan Lippo Cikarang
Authors: Mandagie Selanova Citra , Sumual Shelty D. M. , Rotty Viktory N. J.
Published: June 2024

This study aimed 1) to determine the effect of using Learning Management System (LMS) on student learning outcomes, 2) to determine the effect of achievement motivation on student learning outcomes, 3) to determine the effect of using LMS and achievement motivation simultaneously on student learning outcomes in the International Baccalaureate (IB) program at Sekolah Pelita Harapan Lippo Cikarang. The research method used is quantitative research method. The research sample amounted to 32 people who were the entire population of students in the IB program (saturation sampling). The results showed that 1) The use of LMS (X1) has a positive and significant effect on student learning outcomes (Y) at Sekolah Pelita Harapan (SPH) Lippo Cikarang. This is evidenced by the results of statistical tests where the use of LMS has a significance value of 0.000 <0.05 and the value of t count> t table (4.771> 2.045); 2) Achievement motivation (X2) does not have a positive and significant effect on student learning outcomes at Sekolah Pelita Harapan Lippo. Statistical tests show that the achievement motivation variable has a significance value of 0.309> 0.05 and the t value < t table (-1.037> 2.045); 3) The use of LMS (X1) and Achievement motivation (X2) simultaneously has a positive and significant effect on student learning outcomes (Y) at Sekolah Pelita Harapan Lippo Cikarang. This is evidenced by the statistical test results where the value of Sig. 0.000 <0.05 and the calculated F value is 12.687> 3.32. The test results of the Coefficient of Determination resulted in 0.467 or 46.7%. This means that the variables of LMS usage (X1) and Achievement motivation (X2) have an influence of 46.7% on student learning outcomes (Y), the remaining 53.3% is influenced by other factors.
Strategi Guru PPKn dalam Meningkatkan Profil Pelajar Pancasila dimensi Bernalar Kritis di SMP Muhammadiyah 4 Surakarta
Authors: Widayati Oktaviani , Patmisari Patmisari
Published: June 2024

The world of education is currently facing many very complex and diverse problems, starting from deficiencies in the learning process and learning evaluation. This research aims to determine the strategies of PPKn teachers in improving the Pancasila Student Profile in the critical reasoning dimension at SMP Muhammadiyah 4 Surakarta. This research was carried out for approximately 5 months. The method used in this research was descriptive qualitative where the researcher will describe based on data obtained from the field. Data sources were obtained from interviews with the Deputy Head of Curriculum, PPKn teachers, students, observation, and documentation at school. Data collection techniques in this research used observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of this research showed that the PPKn teacher's strategy in increasing the dimensions of critical reasoning is by using a variety of learning models or methods. The teacher's strategy is to get students to like reading or literacy, the second strategy was the teacher giving examples or actual events, the third strategy was the teacher giving HOTS questions. The fourth strategy is that students were able to solve problems through discussions, questions, and answers, and presentations, and finally, school facilities that support learning.
Aspek positif di kampus merdeka: perspektif mahasiswa keguruan
Authors: Hasanah Enung , Al Ghazi M. Ikhsan , Badar M. Ikhwan Al
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi aspek-aspek positif yang dialami oleh mahasiswa keguruan terkait pembelajaran di Kampus Merdeka. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan melibatkan 12 partisipan yang merupakan mahasiswa dari program studi keguruan di Yogyakarta. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam dan dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis tematik. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan tiga tema utama yang diidentifikasi oleh para mahasiswa sebagai aspek positif dari pembelajaran di Kampus Merdeka. Pertama, fleksibilitas kurikulum yang memungkinkan mahasiswa untuk memilih mata kuliah sesuai dengan minat dan kebutuhan karir mereka. Kedua, kualitas pembelajaran yang inovatif, yang mencakup penggunaan metode pengajaran yang kreatif dan teknologi pendidikan yang canggih. Ketiga, adanya bimbingan karir yang membantu mahasiswa mempersiapkan diri untuk memasuki dunia kerja. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa implementasi Kampus Merdeka memiliki potensi untuk berdampak positif yang signifikan terhadap pengalaman belajar mahasiswa keguruan.
Studi Kasus Tentang Peserta Didik Yang Sering Terlambat Datang Ke Sekolah Di SMA Negeri 11 Pontianak Barat
Authors: Simamora Fetandralia Medita , Yuline Yuline , Wicaksono Luhur
Published: June 2024

This research aims to find out and analyze in depth about students who are often late coming to school at SMA Negeri 11 West Pontianak. The case subjects in this study were two students. The method used in this research is descriptive with a qualitative approach in the form of a case study. The data collection techniques used are direct communication and documentation with data analysis techniques using case study steps including problem identification, diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, evaluation and follow-up. When providing treatment, researchers use the Behavioral counseling model. The implementation of counseling in case subject I uses aversion therapy techniques and positive reinforcement while in case subject II uses aversion therapy techniques and response formation. The factors causing the case subject to be late for school are due to internal and external factors. The results showed that there were significant changes in case subjects I and II after being given treatment four times. The changes in case subjects I and II are that students are not late, before the bell is rung the case subject is already present at school, disciplines themselves to manage daily time and is more eager to take part in learning.
Penerapan model pembelajaran RADEC untuk meningkatkan pemahaman konsep pada materi sistem pernapasan manusia Siswa Kelas V SD
Authors: Jatnika Widuri Tresnawati , Sunaengsih Cucun , Sujana Atep
Published: June 2024

Conceptual understanding ability is a skill in which students can explain a matter or concept of knowledge with their personal understanding. However, students' conceptual understanding related to science learning, especially on the material of the human respiratory system is still lacking. This study aims to determine how the application of the RADEC learning model in improving concept understanding in human respiratory system material for grade V elementary school students. This research used experimental method with quasi experimental design nonequivalent control groups design. The results showed that the pretest of students' concept understanding ability was highest with a score of 60 with an average score of 33. After the application of the RADEC learning model, the posttest value of students' concept understanding was highest in the very good category with a score of 100 with an average score of 82. The increase in students' understanding of concepts in human respiratory system material after applying the RADEC learning model has increased significantly as evidenced by the n-gain results on students' pretest and posttest scores with a result of 0.72 which is in the high category indicating that there is an increase in understanding of high category concepts after the application of the RADEC learning model of human respiratory system material.
Pengaruh Citra Merek (Brand Image) Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Online Kosmetik Perawatan Wajah Skintific
Authors: Nabila Nabila , Ayuningtyas Nurina , Atmanto Dwi
Published: June 2024

Brand image is important for a product, with a good brand image, it can influence consumer preferences to make purchasing decisions. However, at this time, brand reputation is not the main factor for consumers when considering purchasing beauty products. This study aims to determine the effect of brand image on online purchasing decisions for Skintific facial care cosmetics. This research method uses a quantitative approach with a survey method. Data was collected through questionnaires distributed to 96 respondents with a sampling method in the form of nonprobability sampling with a purposive sampling technique. Based on the simple linear regression test, the significance value of the X and Y variables is 0.000 <0.05. In the T test, the significance value is 0.000 <0.05 and the t value is 10.328> t table 1.98552, so it can be concluded that Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected. In the determination coefficient test, the coefficient of determination is 0.532, which means that the influence of brand image contributes 53.2% to the online purchasing decision for Skintific facial care cosmetics, while the remaining 46.8% is influenced by other variables not examined in this study. The results showed that brand image has a positive and significant influence on online purchasing decisions for Skintific facial care cosmetics.
Implementasi model pembelajaran kolaboratif dalam supervisi pendidikan untuk mendorong pertumbuhan profesional Guru
Authors: Sari Rika Yohana , Variani Herlin , Marsidin Sufyarma , Rifma Rifma
Published: June 2024

Educational supervision aims to guide teachers in efforts to improve their skills, encourage superior learning, and provide assistance in overcoming obstacles. The aim of this research is to reveal how the application of collaborative learning strategies in educational supervision can encourage the growth of teacher professionalism. This research method uses literature analysis with a conceptual and theoretical approach. Five journals were the main references in this research. The research process involves topic selection, literature search, idea development, literature analysis, critical evaluation, and writing a literature review. The research results show that the use of collaborative learning strategies in educational supervision can enrich teacher professionalism. Collaboration between supervisors and teachers in reflecting on and correcting actions also has the potential to increase efficiency in the collaborative supervision process. Thus, collaborative supervision approaches provide an attractive option for improving teachers' professional skills.
CONSTRUCTION OF A MEDIA IMAGE OF THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL MONUMENT ARKAIM IN USER CONTENT
Authors: Paniukova Svetlana  A.
Published: June 2024

This study analyzes the content, genre and format features of user publications about a popular science phenomenon using the example of Arkaim (an architectural monument of the Middle Bronze Age), as well as audience preferences in this type of content. As research material, a database of publications with the tag “Arkaim” on the Russian-language resources “Zen” and “Pikabu” for2023 was selected. The methods of content analysis and semantic analysis were applied to these user texts, which allowed us to draw the following main conclusions: 1) Arkaim in the analyzed materials is represented in two contradictory forms: an archaeological site with scientifi c exhibitions and a place of mystical practices and rituals; 2) most of the publications refl ect the personal impressions of users after visiting Arkaim (tourist context, “resting place” without reference to archaeological signifi cance); 3) the audience of the named resources actively discusses popular science publications about Arkaim in the comments and enters into discussions about the signifi cance of the monument. The article also examines through what genres and formats the authors talk about Arkaim and what publications are of particular interest to the mass audience.
Supply Chain Management Practices and Problems Encountered by a Catering Business in Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya Using SCOR Model
Authors: Doria Charm Sherie M. , Madronio Alexandria Vea M. , Napudo Breneth S. , Perez Joewell, C. , Salcedo Jamieca, A. , Villanueva Joan Valerie, P. , Garra Angela C.
Published: June 2024

Catering is necessary, as a large part of any event or party revolves around food. Food catering can provide meals and services smoothly and prepare for an event. Therefore, the aim of this research was to determine the supply chain management practices and problems encountered by a catering business using the SCOR model in Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya. This study is a qualitative descriptive research design. It is a case study with interview guide questions as a major instrument in gathering the data. It is utilized to obtain information about the practices and problems encountered by food catering businesses using the SCOR model. Meetings and menu planning are part of the planning process for food catering; the ingredients and supplies needed were sourced from various vendors and bought the day before the event. They observe food handling guidelines when preparing and doing mise en place, and if the food is packaged safely, their hired cars will deliver it. After the event,the food is taken home by the guests. The inconsistency of clients decisions regarding their events and their high expectations but low budget were the problems faced in planning and sourcing by the food catering sector. The shortage of goods and raw materials required for production was the issue with sourcing. They prepare meals on time, and when it comes to delivery, their hired cars are used to deliver the prepared and finished food. Regarding food returns, the food catering establishment has not experienced any issues.
Ethical Considerations in AI-driven Financial Decision Making
Authors:   Apeejay Stya University, Thakur Neha , Sharma Aryan ,   Apeejay Stya University
Published: June 2024

AI-driven technologies are increasingly shaping financial decision-making processes, prompting significant ethical considerations. This study offers an extensive exploration of the ethical ramifications linked with the incorporation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in financial decision-making frameworks. By amalgamating insights from prevailing literature and frameworks, we scrutinize pivotal ethical challenges such as algorithmic bias, opacity, data privacy concerns, and potential societal implications. Additionally, we deliberate various ethical paradigms and proposed solutions aimed at tackling these challenges. This paper contributes to the ongoing dialogue on the ethical integration of AI in the financial realm, underscoring the criticality of embedding ethical considerations into AI-driven financial decision-making frameworks. As financial institutions strive to harness the potential of AI technologies, upholding ethical standards emerges as paramount, necessitating robust governance mechanisms and accountability frameworks. Through meticulous examination, this paper not only discerns ethical quandaries but also furnishes actionable insights for stakeholders to navigate the intricate domain of AI ethics in finance.
Knowledge and the Extent of Integration of Climate Change and Adapta-tion at Universities in Kenya
Authors: Kirui K.B , Kibue G.W
Published: June 2024

Purpose: This study investigated levels of awareness on climate change in five public universities in Kenya. The study aimed at assessing levels of knowledge on climate change issues among lecturers and students and documenting levels of access to information on climate change among lecturers and students.
Methodology: The study adopted a survey design. The population for the study consisted of 200 hundred undergraduates and lecturers. Data was analysed using both descriptive (frequency counts, percentages, means and standard deviations) and inferential statistics (Chi-square test) and presented in forms of charts and graphs.
Findings: The results showed that teaching staff and students possessed high level of awareness on the concept of climate change, have access to the sources of information and factors of personal experience, public sources and education greatly influence their awareness. There was a statistically significant association between years teaching at the University (Chi-Sq. = 72.844, DF = 3, P-Value = 0.000) and integration of climate change in the courses taught. However, we found no association between gender (Chi-Sq. = 2.534, DF = 1, P-Value = 0.111) and University (Chi-Sq. = 1.279, DF = 4, P-Value = 0.865) where a lecturer was teaching in terms of integration of climate change in the courses taught.
Unique Contributions to Theory, Policy and Practice: These ﬁndings indicate the teaching staff and students in Kenya have a widespread awareness of climate change and its immediate threat to human society, while knowledge of how to deal with the challenge due to climate change is still limited. Almost half the respondents believed climate change would result in impacts on human life. Nevertheless, the teaching staff and students need regular capacity development on climate change effects and in turn upscale the knowledge to the wider society.
Challenges for the Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Lending Market
Authors: Sabbani Goutham
Published: June 2024

Through this paper, I would like to point out some pain points faced in P2P lending marketing and suggest appropriate ways to tackle these issues. To put things into perspective, I will start by talking about the history of P2P lending and the growth it has already achieved. Then, I will first talk about how fraudulent agents can act as deterrents to prospective market participants. Then, I will discuss how financial regulation is not always uniform across borders and the challenges that can arise out of this. Finally, I will conclude the paper with some recommendations of my own.
Vesicovaginal Fistula Secondary to Left Ectopic Ureter in a 3-Year-Old Female with Left Ureter-Duplication in Tamale Teaching Hospital, Ghana: A Case Report
Authors: Wewoli Bentil A. , Afoko Akisibadek A.
Published: June 2024

Purpose: Vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) is a pathological connection between the bladder and vagina, primarily caused by gynaecological surgery, obstructed labour, and cesarean section. VVF significantly impairs quality of life and is prevalent in developing countries, with Africa seeing up to 130,000 new cases annually. Surgical repair, especially transvaginal approaches, remains the primary treatment. Paediatric cases of VVF, often linked to congenital anomalies like ectopic ureter, are rare and complex to manage.
Methodology: We report a case of a 3-year-old female with continuous urinary leakage since birth, initially flagged for renal anomalies via prenatal imaging. Clinical examination was normal with no distress or developmental issues. Diagnostic assessments, including abdominal ultrasound and micturating cystourethrogram (MCUG), revealed left hydronephrosis, hydroureter, and a definitive vesicovaginal fistula. A CT Urogram confirmed the diagnosis, showing contrast leakage into the vagina.
Findings: Diagnostic cystoscopy revealed a normally positioned right ureteric orifice, while the left was aberrantly positioned near the bladder neck. Culposcopy identified a ureterocele in the posterior fornix of the vagina. During laparotomy, a dilated left distal ureter was observed entering the vagina, indicating true ureter duplication. The surgical intervention involved left ureteric reimplantation using the antireflux method, successfully resolving the anomaly. Post-operative recovery was smooth, with significant improvement in urinary symptoms and no recurrence or complications noted during follow-up.
Unique contribution to theory, policy and practice: VVF secondary to ectopic ureter in paediatric patients is rare but manageable with early diagnosis and tailored surgical intervention. Our case underscores the importance of a multidisciplinary approach and the efficacy of ureteral reimplantation in treating complex congenital anomalies, leading to favourable outcomes and symptom resolution.
Seizures in Asphyxiated Term Newborns Based on Admission Thompson Score at the Women and Newborn Hospital, University Teaching Hospitals in Lusaka, Zambia.
Authors: Kondowe Masuzyo , Sianchapa Brenda , Sakala Priscar
Published: June 2024

Purpose: The main purpose of the study was to investigate seizures in asphyxiated term neonates based on the admission Thompson score at the University of Zambia, Women and New-born Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.
Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study design was used to conduct the study between (May 2022 to April 2023) in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) at the University Teaching Hospital for Women and Newborns in Lusaka Zambia. Stratified sampling was used to collect 217 files of neonates born at the tertiary facility as well as those referred from other centres with Apgar scores of ≤ 7 at one and five minutes of life. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from medical records, the Thompson score (TS) was assessed on admission and details of neonatal seizures were analyzed using chi-square, fisher’s exact test and multivariable logistic regression.
Findings: On admission, TS assessment was conducted on all 217 neonates of which 169 (77.9 %) neonates were classified with mild HIE,45 (20.9 %) moderate and 3(1.4 %) with severe HIE. Most neonates (77.4%) presented with seizures on admission. Results of the chi-square and fisher's exact tests showed that Thompson's score on admission was significantly associated with seizure occurrence (p=0.001). On multivariable binary logistic regression neonates with moderate HIE had over 10 times more odds of seizure occurrence compared to neonates with a mild HIE score (aOR=10.6, CI=2.32, 48.1, p=0.002).
A unique contribution to theory, practice, and policy: The study concluded that seizures were present in all categories of HIE, the majority of who were classified with moderate HIE based on the Thompson score.  Therefore, improving the quality of intrapartum care at the Women and Newborn Hospital can significantly reduce the occurrence of asphyxia and its complication.
Knowledge of Neonatal Danger Signs among Postnatal Mothers at Women and New born Hospital - University Teaching Hospitals in Lusaka Zambia.
Authors: Chali Josephine C. , Zulu Mutinke , Ngoma Catherine
Published: June 2024

Purpose: The awareness and identification of neonatal danger signs by mothers play a significant role in a neonate's survival and future health. The survival of neonates is thought to be increased by providing a clear understanding of neonatal danger signs. This study aimed to assess postnatal mothers' knowledge of neonatal danger signs and associated factors.
Methodology: A cross-sectional analytical study design was used to conduct a study at Women and Newborn Hospital UTH in Lusaka Zambia with a total number of 150 participants. Participants recruited in the study included all mothers aged 18 and above seeking care at UTH from day six today twenty-eight after delivery. Data was collected using the validated Neonatal Danger Signs Knowledge and Practices Questionnaire (NDSKQ) tool and SPSS version 26 was used to analyse data. A Binary logistic regression analysis was done to identify factors associated with Neonatal danger signs.
Findings: Slightly above half (53%) of the respondents had poor knowledge on neonatal danger signs. Age, marital status, educational level, parity, antenatal care attendance and family support system were associated with knowledge on neonatal danger signs with all p values of less than or equal to 0.05. Younger mothers (18-20 years) (56.5%) were more likely to have poor knowledge compared to older mothers. Married mothers (68%) and those who were divorced or widowed (60%) were more likely to have better knowledge compared to single mothers, mothers with tertiary education (60%) had better knowledge compared to those with none/primary education (58%), mothers with more children (66.7%) were less likely to have poor knowledge compared to those with their first child (50%), mothers who attended antenatal care six times or more (67.1%) had better knowledge compared to those who attended five times or less (53.8%) and mothers with a family support system (75%) were more likely to have good knowledge compared to those without (53%) all the associations were statistically significant.
Unique contribution to theory, policy and practice: There is need to focus on training in maternal identification of neonatal danger signs. Personalised education for mothers, considering age and education level, and integrating family involvement and cultural competence into care delivery are crucial. Nursing education should advance through specialized curricula, utilizing advanced simulation training and interdisciplinary collaboration to enhance clinical skills in identification of neonatal danger signs and promote maternal awareness of neonatal dangers signs, ultimately improving neonatal health.
Mathematical Insights into Large Language Models
Authors: Gopalan Ranjith
Published: June 2024

Purpose: The paper presents an exhaustive examination of the mathematical frameworks that support the creation and operation of large language models. The document commences with an introduction to the core mathematical concepts that are foundational to large language models. It delves into the mathematical algorithms employed in training these models and scrutinizes how various mathematical notions influence their efficacy.
Methodology: Furthermore, it dissects the structure of large language models, analyzing the mathematical tenets that dictate their design and functionality. It also considers the mathematical logic underpinning these models' performance and the intricacies involved in their expansion. Additionally, it probes into the mathematical underpinnings of attention mechanisms within large language models, assessing how these mechanisms bolster the models' effectiveness and comprehensibility.
Findings: Subsequently, it examines the mathematical bases of attention mechanisms in large language models, considering how these mechanisms augment the models' efficiency and clarity. It also debates the mathematical methods for refining large language models and the hurdles faced in enhancing their interpretability. By understanding the mathematical foundations of LLMs, we can leverage insights from the algorithms and principles driving these models, thus enhancing their inventive output and broadening the horizons of design and artistic expression.
Unique contribution to theory, policy and practice: Lastly, it ventures into the ethical considerations surrounding large language models, scrutinizing the mathematical aspects related to these concerns.
Phase Field Fracture Model for Assessing the Load Bearing Capacity of Fractured Glass
Authors: Corrado Mauro , Chao Correas Arturo , Ventura Giulio
Published: June 2024

The use of glass as structural material has highlighted the need for more reliable numerical approaches to analyze its mechanical behavior, especially in the accidental eventuality of fracture. Modelling the behavior of fractured laminated glass, in fact, is fundamental to assess the Post-Fracture load-bearing capacity. However, this is a highly challenging task because of the many interplaying factors, such as the viscoelastic and thermal-dependent behavior of the interlayer, the presence of a highly complex and variable crack pattern and the interaction among fragments. The objective of the present work is the development and testing of a robust numerical model that can naturally introduce the generated crack pattern into virtual specimens and manage the interaction among many fragments. The phase field fracture model is herein explored, by assigning the damage variable to fit the pre-existing crack pattern. Then, the specimen is loaded letting the phase field managing the fragments interaction. The dependence of the stress tensor with the damage variable is herein defined through the Cleavage-Deviatoric model, since it prevents fully damaged regions from transmitting tensile and shear stresses yet keeping their ability to bear compressive forces. Indeed, this model can asymptotically reproduce unilateral and frictionless contact conditions between the existing crack lips. Preliminary case studies are discussed to check the potentiality of the proposed approach.
Stress Distribution along the Structural Sealant Joint Length of a Cylindrically Curved Glazing Panel
Authors: Istratii Mihail
Published: June 2024

It has been identified that current standardised method for structural sealant joint dimensioning is applicable to flat rectangular panels only and no provisions are made for panels with curved surfaces. The purpose of this study is to investigate the stress distribution along the sealant joint of a cylindrically curved glass panel subjected to wind pressure and to establish if the panel curvature influences the stress distribution along the joint length. Using numerical method, several curved units were analysed and the results have shown that the out of plane wind action generate compression and shear forces within the joint, both occurring at the same time. This means that in the case of a structurally bonded curved panel, additionally to the shear caused by differential thermal expansion of elements or glass self-wight which is covered by ETAG 002 and EN 13022 the designer must also consider the shear stress induced due to the panel curvature. The magnitude and location of this additional shear stress and also of the tension/compression stress can be identified using Finite Element Analysis.
Design and Stability of Laminated Glass Beams and Cantilevers with Continuous Lateral Silicone Restraint
Authors: Green Richard , Bedon Chiara , Galuppi Laura , Crosby Andrew
Published: June 2024

The stability of monolithic glass beams is reasonably well defined; as an elastic material it behaves in a similar manner to other elastic materials such as steel, for which there are many equations of different forms which give similar results.   Special care is required for continuous restraint to the tension ﬂange. Equations presented in Australian Standard AS1288 Glass in Buildings – Selection and Installation have been used successfully for many years for monolithic fins when used with the strength model of AS1288 but require a more comprehensive approach when using laminated fins and/or strength models that allow higher levels of stress. A review of equations for cantilevers results in a wider range of approaches with significant variance between the outcomes of various published steel and glass standards. AS1288 has been used as the default standard for stability of glass fins, however for cantilevers it appears to have a misprint which has existed for decades. This paper presents strategies for determining the moment capacity of beams and cantilevers made of laminated glass with continuous flexible buckling restraints, such as structural silicone, which have initial imperfections and a known design strength capacity. Where multiple wave lengths form, the warping stiffness may contribute and formulations for rectangles are presented. The accuracy and validity of the approach is also assessed by means of comparisons with the outcomes of Finite Element numerical analyses.
Post-Failure Behavior of Point-Fixing Laminated Glass Plates under Out-of-Plane Uniform Pressure
Authors: Zhou Sicheng , Cattaneo Sara , Biolzi Luigi
Published: June 2024

This paper presents the results of an experimental and numerical investigation of the mechanical response of undamaged and damaged 2-ply laminated glass plates. Two types of glass plies, thermally toughened and heat-strengthened, coupled with SentryGlas (SG) were considered. Laminated glass plates supported with articulated point fixing bolt under out-of-plane uniform pressure were investigated under four different damage configurations: (i) undamaged; (ii) partially damaged, with the bottom ply broken; (iii) partially damaged, over-flipping the specimen of mode II; (iv) both two glass plies broken, which was applicable for LG plates made by heat-strengthened glass. In the above four modes, the top ply is always subjected to compression while the bottom one is in tension. The different responses of each configuration (different glass types and damage modes) were discussed and compared in this study. In addition, numerical models were adopted to reproduce the experimental results. The influence of the hitting location and glass types on the mechanical behavior of LG plates was analyzed. The results showed that the contribution of the broken glass ply could not be disregarded in the evaluation of the global stiffness of partially damaged LG plates and their bearing capacity.
Early-Detection of EVA Encapsulant Degradation in PV Modules Based on Vibration Frequency Analysis
Authors: Bedon Chiara , Massi Pavan Alessandro , Cella Nicola , Blasuttigh Nicola
Published: June 2024

In engineering applications, the frequency analysis represents a first and practical step to collect relevant parameters for structural and mechanical diagnostics. Any possible material / component degradation and deterioration can be prematurely detected by frequency modifications that exceed a certain alert value. In this paper, the attention is given to the dynamic mechanical analysis of commercial photovoltaic (PV) modules, in which the solar cells are typically encapsulated in thin viscoelastic interlayers made of Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate (EVA), which are primarily responsible for the load-bearing capacity of the sandwich PV system. As a major effect of ageing, ambient conditions, non-uniform / cyclic thermal gradients, humidity and even extreme mechanical / thermal loads, the rigidity of these films can largely modify and decrease, thus possibly affecting the mechanical capacity of the PV module, and even exposing the solar cells to fault. Knowledge of the effective bonding level is an important step for diagnostic purposes. In this regard, the present study is based on a preliminary but extensive parametric Finite Element (FE) numerical investigation of full-scale commercial PV modules of typical use in buildings. The attention is given – for PV module arrangements of technical interest – to the effect of EVA stiffness in terms of vibration modes and especially frequency sensitivity. As shown, when compared to newly installed PV modules, any kind of stiffness decrease is associated to major frequency modifications for the composite system, and in the worst configuration, such a frequency scatter can decrease down to -40% the original condition. Such a marked stiffness decrease would be implicitly associated to a weak mechanical performance of the sandwich section, with major stress peaks and deflections in the PV system, even under ordinary loads. The presented results, in this sense, suggest that major consequences can be prevented and minimized by monitoring the vibration frequency of PV modules.
Adhesion Properties of Polyvinyl-Butyral-Laminated Glass under High-Speed Loading
Authors: Chen Zhifei , Chen Xing , Chen Suwen
Published: June 2024

Laminated glass has been widely used as safety glass for decades owing to its remarkable post-breakage load-bearing capacity. The post-breakage behaviour of laminated glass is mainly affected by several key factors such as the interlayer property, the adhesion property of the glass-interlayer interface, and the size of glass fragments. In this study, the adhesion properties of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) laminated glass under high-speed uniaxial tension were studied by through-cracked tensile (TCT) tests. Two adhesion grades (i.e., BG-R15 medium adhesion grade and BG-R20 high adhesion grade) PVB-laminated glass and three loading rates (i.e., 0.1m/s, 0.5m/s, and 5m/s) were considered in the tests. The delamination behaviour of PVB-laminated glass was modelled using a numerical cohesive zone model (CZM) to accurately calibrate the interfacial adhesion properties. It was found that BG-R15 PVB-laminated glass exhibits a progressive delamination behaviour under high-speed loading, which results in a stable but low post-cracking force, whereas the delamination was significantly constrained for BG-R20 PVB-laminated glass, which leads to a higher post-cracking force but very poor deformability. The deformability of high adhesion grade laminated glass increases with the crack number since more PVB participates into the stretching of cracked laminated glass. The interfacial adhesion property shows a significant rate effect, with the bonding strength and energy release rate of BG-R15 PVB-laminated glass increase by nearly 25% and 50%, respectively, as the loading rate increases from 0.1m/s to 5m/s. In general, the energy dissipation capacity of the BG-R15 PVB-laminated glass is much higher than that of the BG-R20 PVB-laminated glass. This study can provide a valuable reference for the design of laminated glass under blast or impact loads.
A Portable Technology for Measuring Haze Levels in Thick Laminated Glass Panels
Authors: Casas Guillermo , Marcipar Javier , Betanzos Adrian
Published: June 2024

Increasing security concerns and a trend towards larger glass panels are driving the adoption of thicker laminate glass panels in prominent architectural works worldwide. However, the polymeric materials used in these laminates can lead to haze, a detrimental optical defect that impairs transparency perception, particularly when used in thick, multi-layer laminates. This work presents a novel technology capable of accurately and robustly measuring haze in glass laminates of arbitrary thickness, based on using computer-vision to measure changes in contrast when viewing a standard mask through the material under controlled diffuse lighting conditions. Unlike previous approaches, this technology can be employed on installed glasses without requiring exposed edges for double-sided measurements, making it suitable for on-site work. The experimental evidence provided indicates that its precision and robustness are adequate for quality control.
Viscoelastic Fractional Model with a Non-Uniform Time Discretization for Laminated Glass: Experimental Validation
Authors: Santi Lorenzo , Bennison Stephen , Haerth Michael
Published: June 2024

We discuss a novel approach, based on fractional calculus with a non-uniform time discretization, to numerically simulate interlayer viscoelastic behaviour and associated time-dependent deformation of laminated glass. Reference is made to the classic example of a simply supported laminated glass beam under long-duration loads. The fractional model is compared with some results obtained using the widely used finite element software ABAQUS 2021, which for the viscoelastic properties of the polymeric interlayer, utilizes the more traditional approach based on the Wiechert model and approximation via Prony series of the relaxation function and a uniform discretization of time for the numerical solution. The model is also validated through the comparison with experimental test.  The novel approach based on fractional calculus presents two main advantages: 1) the definition of the model parameters from experimental data is simplified; and 2) the numerical implementation is easier and computationally more efficient. When a long observation time is considered, the use of a non-uniform time discretization presents the great advantage of not neglecting any part of the relaxation function. Use of traditional uniform time discretization requires the use of large time steps making it impossible to describe all the changes of the relaxation curve within the large time interval. Practical examples will be presented using viscoelastic models for Trosifol® Extra Stiff (PVB) and SentryGlas® interlayers. This methodology also shows potential to advance next generation standards for the design of structural laminated glass.
Optical and Structural Developments in Air Traffic Control Tower Glazing
Authors: Moreau Louis
Published: June 2024

With about 4,500 medium and large airports around the world, Air Traffic Control Towers (ATCT) are essential elements of our transport infrastructure. Safely orchestrating air traffic requires a perfect visibility of aircraft in all weather and lighting conditions. Aviation being a conservative field, towers are built or renovated using decades-old technologies, with disappointing results. Design parameters can be grouped in five categories: structural, blemishes, insulation, photometric and optical. Transcending country borders and traditions, we will detail each of these groups and explain the newest technical solutions available. This paper can be used as a checklist or design guide if you need to conceive an ATCT or other structures, such as an indoor observation deck or high-end retail storefront, where vision is paramount. Special attention will be given to visual distortion in transmission, haze, anisotropy, double image, reflection management, electrochromic, and glass-to-glass connections.
Predictive Analysis of Laminated Glass Performance Under Static and Dynamic Loading Conditions
Authors: Gupta Amit Kumar , Lin Yijian , Pesek Steven , McDougal Nolan , Kent Rosalyn , Dietsche Laura
Published: June 2024

Laminated safety glass is normally used when there is a possibility of human impact or where the glass could fall if shattered. Glass laminate films, the plastic film called an interlayer that is adhered between sheets of glass, are an important component of many glass applications.  In an event that causes breakage of the glass, it is held in place by an interlayer, between its two or more layers of glass. The interlayer keeps the glass bonded even when broken, and its high strength prevents the glass from breaking up into large sharp pieces. Various physical tests (standard/non-standard) can be found in the literature to develop and screen the different interlayer materials. In the last several years, we have witnessed extensive growth in computational modeling of complex nonlinear behavior of laminated glass panels with viscoelastic interlayers. To evaluate the mechanical behavior of laterally-loaded interlayer in laminated safety glass, finite element (FE) modeling is widely used in industry.  Recently, FE modeling techniques and methods helped to identify selection criterion for proposed materials to be used in the interlayer of laminated glass. The present study aims to develop a numerical model (Finite Element model) verified by experimental results/data given in literature and to utilize the model to examine the mechanical behavior of laterally-loaded interlayer films in laminated safety glass subjected to standard/non-standard tests (four-point bending test and Impact test) conditions. Also, parametric studies (effect of interlayer/glass thickness, impactor speed, soft/stiff interlayer material etc.) are performed through FE analysis to investigate the impact of these parameters on the behavior of the interlayer material.
Case Study on the Re-use Potential of Insulated Glass Units
Authors: Reshamvala Marcel , Rauh Kathrin , Kießlich Philipp , Ayvaz Isabell , Länge Julian , Elstner Michael , Pfanner Daniel , Schuster Miriam
Published: June 2024

Glass is an energy intensive material that is essential to buildings and their energy consumption. Its transparency allows for natural daylighting and the use of solar heat gains. In the context of the refurbishment politics of the EU as a result of the Paris Agreement on climate goals, significant amounts of glass waste in form of windows and façades are to be expected. In order to minimize the environmental impact of glass by preserving the embodied carbon and substitute newly produced glasses, the Re-use of glass is considered to be of highest potential. When reusing panes, energy and raw material can be saved that otherwise would be consumed for the production of new glass. This way, the common principles of sustainability - sufficiency, efficiency and consistency - can be realized for the life cycle of flat building glass. The following case study estimates the potential of different scenarios for circular waste treatment of glass panes by applying the 9R Framework to insulating glass units (IGUs). The scenarios are defined and presented. A life cycle assessment (LCA) using identical system boundaries for these scenarios was executed and the results are compared to producing IGUs entirely with new glass. Finally, the feasibility of the strategies is evaluated and recommendations for the processing of glass in stock are derived.
Re-Glass: Product Development Pathways for Post-Consumer Glass
Authors: Pennetier Sophie , Yu Baizhen
Published: June 2024

Our research examines the viability of recycling soda lime glass from post-consumer Insulated Glass Units (IGU), mixing various types of architectural glass cullet and fusing them into flat plates by using electric kilns. Those kilns operate at lower temperatures than standard float glass production, which significantly reduces manufacturing emissions. The research outcomes suggest the potential for near-site operations, reducing transportation logistics, costs, and emissions. Strength and emissivity tests were performed on the recycled glass samples, to assess challenges arising from various production parameters including: glass types, processing methods, annealing temperatures and schedules, cullet sizes and distribution. These explorations offer high-level perspectives for developing post-consumer glass solutions driven by emissions and logistics primarily, and tectonics secondarily, exploring the cost-effective diversion of glass products from landfill to generate solutions staying within the built environment. The research examines performance aspects of recycled glass as emblematic of sustainability in design and underscores the role (and implications) of texture in architectural materiality. Performance and viability are weighted with considerations for the US market (hauling distances, energy grid emissivity across states, market culture, labor rates, incentives, or lack thereof). This exploration proposes innovative avenues for integrating distinctive, sustainable recycled glass as a hallmark into architectural frameworks.
Panoramic Perfection: Unveiling Technical Insights from “The Henderson” in Hong Kong
Authors: Komm Andreas , Bruckner Markus , Heinz Anna-Maria
Published: June 2024

The organic design and seamlessly reflective surface of “The Henderson” establish it as a landmark in Hong Kong. With its all-glass façade and a height of 210 m, the skyscraper designed by Zaha Hadid Architects offers spectacular panoramic views. Particularly noteworthy is the “Banquet Hall” on the top floor, distinguished by its fully glazed roof and engineered by Eckersley O’Callaghan. Large-format, coated and curved glass panes with the best possible technical specification in terms of thickness and minimal dimensional tolerances counterbalance architectural aesthetics and structural resilience. Engineered, manufactured and installed by seele, they serve as effective shields against solar radiation and glare, seamlessly complementing the organic architecture. Collaborative efforts focused on maximizing the transparency of the building envelope as interdisciplinary teams navigated challenges in structural engineering, design aesthetics and compliance with strict regulatory standards of the building authorities in Hong Kong. Thanks to targeted investigations, advancements in glass construction technology and engineering innovation, a procedure was developed that ensured optimum bearing of the panoramic glass panes. This project contributes to the safety and durability of high-rise glass structures to withstand extreme conditions and showcases the transformative potential of bold design concepts, rigorous testing, and international collaboration. The result is a visually stunning and structurally outstanding masterpiece.