bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
НАПРЯМКИ СПІВРОБІТНИЦТВА У БУДІВЕЛЬНІЙ ГАЛУЗІ УКРАЇНИ ТА США У КОНТЕКСТІ НОВИХ РЕАЛІЙ
Authors: Кондратьєв Олександр
Published: August 2022

Статтю присвячено вивченню напрямків співробітництва у будівельній галузі України та США у контексті поточних тенденцій світового розвитку галузі. До уваги приймається нерозкритий потенціал професійного діалогу у сегменті цивільного та промислового будівництва, нові реалії в яких перебуває Україна у 2022 році та наявні можливості до продуктивної співпраці. Акцент у статті робиться на застосуванні власного підприємницького досвіду та експертного аналізу; узагальненні аргументів на користь винайдення подальшого вектору співробітництва України та США. Наводяться результати власних спостережень щодо специфіки, переваг та обмежень у застосуванні механізованої (автоматичної) шпаклівки. Наводяться якісні та кількісні (економічні) переваги застосування у будівництві саме механізованої шпаклівки. З огляду на масштаби ринку США обґрунтовується доцільність подальших розробок у цьому напрямку, як-то активне застосування у галузі будівництва інновацій, зокрема сенс звернутися до штучного інтелекту, який дозволятиме у недалекому майбутньому розпізнавати криві та похилі стіни (кут викривлення) для створення нових машин / систем / агрегатів. Окремо увага звертається на сенсі існування американсько-українських будівельних підрядних компаній (база США), релокації найкращих українських спеціалістів будівельної галузі задля подальшого продуктивного співробітництва у контексті нових реалій.
ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ НЕЙРОДИНАМІЧНИХ ФУНКЦІЙ ГОЛОВНОГО МОЗКУ ДИТИНИ В УМОВАХ СЕНСОРНОЇ ДЕПРИВАЦІЇ
Authors: Тертична Надія , Криль Олександра
Published: August 2022

Індивідуальний психічний розвиток дитини, особливо на ранніх етапах життя, великою мірою визначається задоволеністю специфічно людської потреби у спілкуванні. Депривація життєво важливих потреб в дитинстві призводить до порушень та затримки у розвитку дитини. У даній статті представлені результати дослідження сенсомоторного реагування на звукові, зорові подразники та рівень працездатності головного мозку у дітей, що мають сенсорну депривацію. Експериментальну та контрольну групу досліджуваних становили учні віком 9 років у кількості 90 осіб. Дослідження особливостей сенсомоторних функцій у людини має важливе значення для розуміння фізіологічних механізмів інтегративної діяльності мозку, яка ґрунтується на складній динамічній організації різних його структур і формує індивідуальний тип поведінки. Сенсомоторні реакції відображають єдність нейрофізіологічних і психічних процесів та взаємодію сенсорних і рухових складових при виконанні всіх видів психічної діяльності людини. Обмеженість інформації при порушенні одного або декількох аналізаторів створює незвичайні умови розвитку психіки дитини. Ще в 30-і роки ХХ століття Л.С.Виготський висунув положення про складну структуру аномального розвитку психіки дитини і вказав на певне співвідношення симптомів, що входять у цю структуру. Первинний симптом, який виник в дитячому віці, перешкоджає нормальному розвиткові психіки дитини і призводить до відхилень вторинного порядку. Вторинно порушуються саме ті процеси, розвиток яких у нормі залежить від первинно постраждалої функції. Відсутність або зниження функцій органів слуху як результату уродженої або набутої у ранньому дитинстві глухоти або приглухуватості позбавляє дитину одного з найважливіших джерел інформації, видозмінює її пізнавальну діяльність. У психічному розвитку дитини найважливішу роль відіграють зорове та слухове сприйняття. Саме через ці аналізатори вона отримує найбільше інформації про навколишній світ. При порушеннях діяльності зорового та слухового аналізаторів у дитини виникають значні труднощі в пізнанні світу та орієнтуванні в ньому, здійсненні контактів з людьми у різних видах діяльності. На жаль, в Україні порушення слуху у 30% дітей виявляють лише після 3-х річного віку. Найчастіше порушення слуху виявляється тільки у віці 6-7 років, коли дитина повинна йти до школи. У більшості випадків таким дітям можна допомогти у збереженні слуху. Проте, за такий тривалий час психіка дитини зазнає суттєвих змін, що ускладнює її соціалізацію у середовищі дітей з нормальним слухом. На сьогодні є актуальним отримання та аналіз нових наукових даних про специфічність впливу сенсорної депривації на розвиток властивостей основних нервових процесів.
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ОБРАЗУ ФРАНКЕНШТЕЙНА В СУЧАСНІЙ ПУБЛІЦИСТИЦІ
Authors: Пікун Леся
Published: August 2022

Авторський міф про Віктора Франкенштейна та його безіменного монстра, створений Мері Шеллі у ХІХ столітті, наповнений рясним філософським, етичним та емоційно-образним змістом. Наші численні дослідження, котрі проводяться з початку 2000 років підтверджують думку ізраїльського вченого Ю.Н.Харарі, висловлену у міждисциплінарному дослідженні про сучасну людину, що міф про юного ученого-експерементатора Франкенштейна та його творіння став опорою для сучасності [8]. Цей міф упевнено увійшов у третє десятиліття ХХІ століття як лексема, метафора, символ і міфологема.
IN VITRO ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF CARDIOSPERMUM HALICACABUM (LINN) AGAINST HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA CELL LINE (HEP-G2).
Authors: M. Kulkarni Asawari , H. Kamble Laxmikant
Published: August 2022

Cardiospermum halicacabum is important medicinal plant which belongs to Sapindaceae family.In present study,
ethanolic leaf extract of Cardiospermum halicacabum was examined for its anticancer activity against Hepatocellular
carcinoma cell line (Hep-G2) using MTT assay. The leaf extract shows significant cytotoxic effect with 90% of inhibition
when compared to standard drug.
Meten = weten
Authors: Faas Maarten
Published: August 2022

Effectiviteit staat hoog op de agenda in de jeugdzorg. Maar hoe staat het nu met de relatie tussen wetenschap, praktijk en beleid in deze sector? Bestaat er zoiets als een wetenschappelijke basis voor de actuele praktijk- en beleidsontwikkelingen? En wat verstaan we eigenlijk precies onder effectiviteit? Wat houdt het begrip evidence based in? Meten is weten is een gevleugelde uitdrukking rond onderzoek naar effectiviteit. Maar zo eenvoudig is dat niet. Meten is immers gegevens verzamelen maar gegevens alleen leveren nog geen informatie op. Voor weten is dus meer nodig dan enkel meten. Het gaat om evaluatie en onderzoek. Hoe bouw je evaluatie en onderzoek structureel op in een jeugdzorgorganisatie? Maarten Faas, bestuurder van een organisatie voor jeugdzorg (Leo Stichting Groep) en van huis uit orthopedagoog, gaat in dit boek op deze vragen in. Deze publicatie levert daarmee een belangrijke bijdrage aan het verder bouwen aan een wetenschappelijke en effectieve jeugdzorg.
El teatro como práctica para el fortalecimiento de la oralidad según la teoría de Augusto Boal en estudiantes de VI semestre del programa LHLC de la universidad de Pamplona
Authors: Gómez Sonia Patricia , Hernández Magaly , Parada Nancy
Published: August 2022

El presente documento investigativo, tiene como propósito principal mejorar la oralidad en estudiantes del curso Práctica Docente VI de la Universidad de Pamplona; utilizando como mediación las estrategias teatrales de Augusto Boal propuestas en el año 2004. El problema de investigación surge a partir de las debilidades que poseen los estudiantes al momento de enfrentarse a diferentes escenarios tales como el aula y los espacios de práctica, lo cual se pudo evidenciar a través de una observación directa. En este sentido y en vista de mejorar tales aspectos, se propone una secuencia de unidades didácticas donde se involucra el teatro como estrategia para el mejoramiento de los procesos de oralidad. De esta manera, empleando un enfoque metodológico cualitativo se diseña la propuesta articulando significativamente los sustentos teóricos, dado que este permite comportamientos naturales, discursos, variedad en el uso de la significación y esto a su vez permite que el docente en formación construya estructuras mentales enfocadas en su quehacer, además que es pertinente para el tipo de población y atiende las necesidades específicas de cada uno de ellos.
Talent Management and Sustained Competitive Advantage
Authors: Imafidon Emmanuel Ogbeide
Published: August 2022

The focus of this chapter is on the connection between good talent management and the development of sustainable competitive advantage in organizations. The resource-based view (RBV) of the firm is leveraged in analyzing that connection; RBV upholds that competitive advantage is closely related to an organization's internal characteristics. More specifically, if an organization owns and utilizes valuable, rare, inimitable, and non-substitutable resources and capabilities in its processes and operations, it will achieve superior performance and sustainable competitive advantage. A framework is developed that organizational leaders can use in facilitating conversations and developing talent management programs to ensure that their talent management processes are focused on honing the organization's core competencies that feed their sustainable competitive advantage and superior performance.
Talent Management for Academic Institutions During the Post-Pandemic Paradigm
Authors: Ferdous Humayra
Published: August 2022

A knowledge-based organization such as educational institutes, consultancy firms require certain skills from their employees. Among many, the prime duty of the department of human resource management (HRM) of an organization is to identify the required skills for a particular task or job. HRM searches those skills during the time of recruitment. However, skills are not constant; rather, they are dynamic. Different eras require different skills to perform any task successfully. During the post-pandemic period of COVID-19, usage of technology in educational institute for their regular tasks such as lecture delivery, online assessment, seminars, conducting workshops have increased rapidly. Unfortunately, the academicians in many cases are not trained to perform these tasks in an efficient manner. This is especially true for developing countries like Bangladesh, where the transition from an analog to a digital world is still in progress. The chapter focuses on how HRM in any knowledge-based organization can play a very crucial role to convert its human resources into human capital.
Contemporary Security Threats
Authors: Hasan Md. Manzurul , Hossain Shahadat , Trisha Prioty Saha , Hossain Md. Mohsin , Rajuwan Abu Saleh Mohammad , Rahman Md. Hasibur
Published: August 2022

Online transactions have increased abruptly during the COVID-19 pandemic. In recent years, the expansion of easy banking in Bangladesh has become necessary, particularly when banks do not have sufficient branches in Bangladesh's rural areas. This research provides a quick overview, a managerial framework of cybersecurity, and several potential threats that might significantly affect the security of online monetary transactions by giving some important ways. The authors explore contemporary scamming strategies used by cybercriminals and the impact of such scams on the financial sector. In addition, this chapter presents a way to mitigate these concerns by inflexible banking, provides a quick overview of the current automated teller machine (ATM) fraud, and offers potential solutions to avoid these attacks. Furthermore, the authors examine the consequences of banking fraud and identify possible research avenues where researchers could focus their efforts on benefit.
اسلام میں فلسفہ کی ابتداء و اسباب کا تحقیقی جائزہ
Authors: MUHAMMAD WAQAS
Published: August 2022

Man naturally wants to know the facts, objects and symbols of the world for which he has used rational method. This is where the science of philosophy begins. Muslims paid special attention to this knowledge and, realizing the need of the hour, Muslim thinkers devoted their lives to philosophy and metaphysics.  Now the question is that Islam is a practical religion so it does not encourage us to dwell on the causes and symbols that is why on the issue of destiny Islam has made it necessary to believe in good and bad destiny and forbade discussion, however, how did the higher minds of the Ummah get involved in this debate? Therefore, in this article, we have first mentioned the source of these sciences, then the reason for the interest of Muslims in these sciences and then we have discussed the reasons for which these sciences were promoted and published by Muslim thinkers. Therefore, we can better understand why Muslim thinkers have devoted their lives to these sciences and adapted to this important requirement of the time and from this we can plan for the future development and dissemination of these sciences.
نصاب تعلیم کے اہداف و مقاصد اسلامی تناظر میں: ایک تحقیقی مطالعہ
Authors: Begum Dr. Uzma , Ahmad Prof. Dr. Mutloob , Qasim Muhammad
Published: August 2022

Islam is a complete code of life and practical religion which is totally different from other religions of the world. Islam wants a dynamic, good character and educated person in the social life. Education is one of the basic factors which differentiates the human being from other creatures and create a sense for social issues. So to seek education is necessary for mankind, thus for Islam made mandatory for every men and women Muslims to get education. Education is directed for specific purposes, objectives and aims. The objectives of Islamic education for individual and society are helping to promote the social life, which are according to the Quran o Sunnah teachings. The basic aim of Islamic education is to enable a Muslim to Belief in the existence and unicity of God (Allah), existence of Angels, the books of which God is the author, existence of Prophets Muhammad and the Day of Judgment Day. Objectives and Aims are necessary for Islamic education system to know the behavioral outcome of the Muslim learners. For the purpose of teaching Islamic education in the formal system of education, the teacher has to formulate beforehand the aims and objectives of Islamic education at different level of schooling. It is for the need of the modern age to be instilled with pure Islamic values and beliefs from the beginning in a critical, comprehensive and creative manner by using newly revised integrated and dynamic approach to education. The objectives and aims of Islamic education have envisioned to produce the new Muslim generation, which is capable of fulfilling its role as khalifatullah.
Duodenal ulcer and gastric cancer patients infected with Helicobacter Pylori in AL-Najaf City, Iraq
Authors: Hadi Hasanain Ihsan , Enaya Muslim Abdulkareem , Enaya Muslim Abdulkareem , Aljanaby Ahmed Abduljabbar Jaloob
Published: August 2022

A case-control study was carried out in Al- Sader Medical City in AL-Najaf Governorate, Iraq, during period from 1/9/2021 to 1/3/2022. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) Antigen Rapid Test Cassette (Feces) has been used to diagnosis all patients infected with H. pylori. All patients with duodenal ulcers and gastric cancer have been diagnosed by a physician using an endoscope and biopsy, respectively, in the department of tumors at AL-Sader Medical City. The results proved that there were 27 patients; 11 male (40.7%) and 16 female (59.3%) infected with H.pylori. Age group 20-30 was the highest infected with H.pylori (14 patients, 51.9%) followed by 31-40 (8 patients 29.6%), 41-50 (4 patients 14.8%) and 51-60 (1 patient 3.7%). Conclusions: Helicobacter Pylori may cause the most cases of duodenal ulcer and gastric cancer in patients that infected with this bacterium.
Effect of age and gender on EBV associated-Hodgkin lymphoma among sample of Iraqi patients
Authors: Naser Liqaa Hadi , Hassoon Kifah Fadhil
Published: August 2022

Background: Data on the age-specific prevalence of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection. According to most studies, by the age of 35, more than 90% of adults are EBV antibody positive. Comparison of demographic groups could identify factors associated with its acquisition.  Methods: The Present study conducted in AL-Najaf Holy City; it is a cross sectional study. All patients were recruited from Middle Euphrates Cancer Research Unit Laboratory, from pre-existing samples. Tissues collected from the previously mentioned laboratory were fixed in 10% formalin and placed in a cassette before being embedded in paraffine. The tissues were examined and diagnosed as with Hodgkin disease. forty samples were subjected in the present study. All study group was diagnosed formerly as paraffin imbedding blocks. Histopathological examination using hematoxylin and eosine stain (H&E) then examining under light microscope to check for twenty block samples of tissues with lymphoma. Results: From a total of 40 FFPET blocks were tested.  The mean age was 34.92 years. The age group prevalence was as follows: ≤10 years, 2.5%; 10–20 years, 25%; 21–30 years, 22.5%; 31–40 years, 10%; and 41–50 years, 20%; ≥ 50, 20%.
POLÍTICA SOCIAL, GESTÃO E NEGÓCIO NA PRODUÇÃO DAS CIDADES: o programa Minha Casa Minha Vida “entidades”
Authors: Saliba Rizek Cibele , Santo Amore Caio , Moreno de Camargo Camila
Published: August 2022

Este texto apresenta resultados de pesquisa sobre o Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida – Entidades, uma das modalidades da política de habitação inaugurada em 2009, no âmbito da sua apreensão como parte da constelação de programas sociais dos governos Lula e Dilma Roussef. Esses resultados de pesquisa ainda em curso apontam para dilemas, paradoxos e dimensões que envolvem a demanda, os operadores, os processos de produção dos conjuntos habitacionais e a produção e reprodução das formas de desigualdade e segregação socioespacial na cidade de São Paulo, assim como a constituição de um campo de consensos que permeia as relações entre movimentos de moradia e Estado, no interior do que se pode denominar de “lulismo”. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Política de habitação. Movimentos de moradia. Políticas sociais. Periferias.SOCIAL POLICIES, MANAGEMENT AND BUSINESS IN THE PRODUCTION OF CITIES: the program Minha Casa, Minha Vida - “Entities” Cibele Saliba Rizek Caio Santo Amore Camila Moreno de Camargo This text presents the results of a research about the program Minha Casa, Minha Vida – “Entities”, one of the social housing policies launched in 2009, as to its part in the group of social welfare programs of the governments of Lula and Dilma Rousseff. These results from a research which is still going on point to dilemmas, paradoxes, and dimensions which involve the demand, the operators, the production processes of the housing compounds, and the production and reproduction of inequality and segregation in the city of São Paulo. Also, it points to the constitution of a field of agreements which permeates the relations between movements for housing and the State inside what can be called Lulismo. KEYWORDS: Housing policies. Housing movements. Social welfare. Outskirts.POLITIQUE SOCIALE, GESTION ET AFFAIRES DANS LA PRODUCTION DES VILLES: le programme ma maison, ma vie “entités” Cibele Saliba Rizek Caio Santo Amore Camila Moreno de Camargo Ce texte présente les résultats d’une recherche concernant le Programme Ma Maison Ma vie – “Entités”, l’une des politiques du logement inaugurée en 2009 dans le cadre de la constellation de programmes sociaux des gouvernements de Lula et de Dilma Roussef. Les résultats de cette recherche, toujours en cours, indiquent des dilemmes, des paradoxes et des dimensions portant sur la demande, les opérateurs, les processus de production de l’ensemble des logements, la production et la reproduction des formes d’inégalités et de ségrégation socio-spatiale dans la ville de São Paulo ainsi que la création d’un champ de consensus qui imprègne les relations entre les mouvements pour le logement et l’État au sein de ce que l’on pourrait appeler le “lulisme”. MOTS-CLES: Politique du logement. Mouvements en faveur de l’habitation. Politiques sociales. Banlieues. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH no Scielo: http://www.scielo.br/ccrh  Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
What Getting COVID-19 Finally at This Stage in the Pandemic Taught Me About Compassion to Others and Myself
Authors: Bruno Michiko Kimura
Published: August 2022

This essay discusses what the author learned when she had COVID-19.
An initial investigation of dental morphology variation among three southern Naga ethnic groups of Northeast India
Authors: Pojar Tsiapisa , Langstieh Banrida T. , Hemphill Brian E.
Published: August 2022

Objectives

This study examines dental morphology trait prevalence among three southern Naga groups and compares them to 10 ethnic groups from other regions of South Asia to accomplish two objectives: assess the biological relationship of these Tibeto‐Burman‐speakers to speakers of non‐Tibeto‐Burman languages in other South Asian regions, and determine which traits distinguish northeast Indians from other South Asians.

Methods

Dental morphology traits were scored with the Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System. Tooth‐trait combinations were evaluated for significant inter‐trait correlation and intra‐trait correspondence within dental fields. Comparisons were based on simple trait prevalence and with Smith's MMD. Affinities based on the former were accomplished with correspondence analysis and principal components analysis. Affinities based on the latter were undertaken with neighbor‐joining cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling.

Results

After elimination due to inter‐trait correlations and uniform prevalence, biodistances based on the remaining 17 tooth‐trait combinations identify significant differences between northeast Indians and other South Asian ethnic groups due to high frequencies of shoveling on the maxillary incisors and Cusp 6 on the mandibular molars coupled with low frequencies of Carabelli's trait and Cusp 5 on UM1 and UM2, respectively.

Conclusions

Patterns of biodistances obtained from dental morphology are consilient with those obtained from DNA indicating statistically significant differences between northeast Indians from members of ethnic groups of other regions of South Asia. Researchers should explore the sex‐specific patterns. Biodistances should not be limited to “key” teeth within dental fields, for in almost every case traits present on mesial and distal teeth yield non‐redundant information.
Impact of Electrode Defects on Battery Cell Performance: A Review
Authors: du Baret de Limé Arnaud , Lein Tobias , Maletti Sebastian , Schmal Karoline , Reuber Sebastian , Heubner Christian , Michaelis Alexander
Published: August 2022

The continuing rise of electric mobility is driving demand for lithium‐ion batteries to unprecedented levels. To ensure efficient production of high quality, yet affordable battery cells, while making the best use of available raw materials and processes, reasonable quality assurance criteria are needed. A step of particular importance, affecting all downstream processes, lies in electrode manufacturing including mixing, coating, drying, and calendering. Several classes of defects which originate in these processes are well‐known and detectable using various methods. The crucial point, however, lies in the quantification of their electrochemical significance, i. e., in an evaluation, which defect types, sizes and concentrations can be tolerated without impacting cell performance. Herein, we review the still scarce literature on that topic. It is found that, although the impact of some defects is quite well understood, others almost completely lack an evaluation of their criticality. We finally make suggestions for further studies paving the way to deduce knowledge‐based quality assurance criteria for the large variety of coating defects occurring in lithium‐ion battery electrodes.
It Leaves a Bad Taste in Your Mouth: How Corporate Social Irresponsibility Impacts Consumption Experiences
Authors: Green Todd , John Peloza  , Antonia Mantonakis  , Jingzhi Shang
Published: August 2022

Across three experiments, we examined the impact of both corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate social irresponsibility (CSIR) on consumer taste evaluations. The current research demonstrates that CSIR information consistently negatively impacts perceptions of taste across both hedonic and utilitarian food products. Specifically, it translates to perceptions of inferior taste in food products, an effect mediated by both guilt and quality perceptions. Notably, the majority of CSR research focuses on attitudes toward the firm versus actual product experiences. Accordingly, firms should consider how information related to CSR/CSIR can impact not only attitudes toward the firm but the consumption experiences with specific products.
Tectonic affinity of the Zhusileng–Hangwula Belt in the northern Alxa area: Evidence from the zircon U–Pb ages and Hf isotopic compositions of the Mesoproterozoic (~1.4 Ga) igneous rocks
Authors: Deng Wen Bing , Shao Zhao Gang , Xu Hai Jin , Yi Jin Jun , Wang Zeng Zhen , Xu Da Xing , Zhang Su Jiang
Published: August 2022

Precambrian rocks are necessary to understand the tectonic and crustal evolution of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, especially the tectonic affinities of embedded microcontinents. We conducted a combined analysis of whole‐rock geochemistry, zircon U–Pb geochronology, and Hf isotope on the Mesoproterozoic igneous rocks from the Zhusileng–Hangwula Belt of the northern Alxa area to investigate its tectonic affinity. The zircon ages show that the gneissic granites, metagabbro, and amphibolite formed at 1,433–1,424 Ma, 1,383, and 1,373 Ma, respectively. Furthermore, zircon xenocrysts from the rhyolite in the Zhusileng area exhibit a206Pb/238U ages cluster at about 1.4 Ga. Geochemically, the gneissic granites are high‐potassium calc‐alkaline granitoids and exhibit light rare earth element‐enriched pattern, pronounced significant negative Eu anomalies, negative Nb–Ta anomalies, positiveεHf(t) values (3.2–11.3), and young two‐stage model ages (2.21–1.46 Ga), indicating that they were derived from a magma source of rapid reworking of juvenile mantle‐derived materials with a limited ancient crustal contamination. The FeOT, CaOm and MgO contents of mategabbros and amphibolite are high, but their total rare earth elements are relatively low (TREE = 31.45–32.74). They are characterized by relatively positive zirconεHf(t) values (5.3–11.0), and very young two‐stage model ages (1.98–1.49 Ga), indicating that they were generated from the depleted mantle. Our geochemical data suggest that these Mesoproterozoic rocks in the Zhusileng–Hangwula Belt are consistent with the formation period and tectonic environment of juvenile basement rocks from the Central Tianshan Arc and southern Beishan Orogenic Belt, whereas a Mesoproterozoic correlation with the Tarim Craton is highly unlikely. Thus, we believe that the Zhusileng–Hangwula Belt has an analogous tectonic evolution and a close affinity with the Central Tianshan Arc and southern Beishan Orogenic Belt during the Mesoproterozoic.
Sediment sources and transport dynamics in large, regulated river systems with multiple lakes and reservoirs in the subarctic region of Canada
Authors: Goharrokhi Masoud , McCullough Gregory K. , Lobb David A. , Owens Philip N. , Koiter Alexander J.
Published: August 2022

The Burntwood River (BR) and Upper Nelson River (UNR) are regulated rivers in the subarctic region of Canada. They merge at Split Lake and then discharge into Hudson Bay via the Lower Nelson River (LNR). The BR water discharge was increased eight‐fold by a cross‐watershed diversion in 1976. The UNR drains the 11th largest lake in the world, Lake Winnipeg, which itself receives discharge from a large North American Interior Plains watershed. Sediment loads and the source fingerprinting approach in these rivers were used to: (a) identify the sediment sources; (b) examine the impact of climate change and flow regulation on the BR and UNR sediment loads; and (c) assess the influence of Split Lake on downstream delivery of sediment into the LNR. Lake Winnipeg effectively decouples the UNR from the sediment sources in its prairie watershed. Fluvial riverbank and reservoir shoreline erosion in the UNR increased in the late 1990s, in response to a multi‐decadal increase in discharge forced by climate change in the Lake Winnipeg watershed. The BR sediment load was increased seven‐fold by diversion. Since diversion, flow regulation near the licenced limit has muted the response to variability in local precipitation and runoff; however, erosion processes independent from discharge (bank failures and subaerial processes) add variability in the sediment load record. Based on sediment budgeting, Split Lake conveys almost 80% of the BR and UNR sediment load into the LNR. The greater sediment load in the UNR (~1100 Gg year−1, compared to ~530 Gg year−1 from the BR) reveals that the UNR is the primary sediment source into the LNR, so that downstream sediment transport dynamics are more sensitive to the environmental changes in the UNR than to disturbances in the BR. Whether this may change in the future depends on changes in climate and engineering responses to increasing demand for hydroelectric power.
The impact of International Financial Reporting Standards adoption on the integration of capital markets
Authors: Zahid R. M. Ammar , Simga‐Mugan Can
Published: August 2022

Integrated capital markets provide better risk sharing and market efficiency, but presence of different barriers such as information asymmetry across borders hinders these benefits. This study investigates whether the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) (uniform accounting standards) impacts the integration of worldwide capital markets by decreasing financial information frictions. Staggered adoption dates with price‐based measures (Beta and Sigma Convergence) of integration are used to measure the incremental impact of IFRS adoption on integration. The sample includes all the countries with capital markets that have benchmark indices and price data available. Overall statistical results suggest no significant impact of IFRS adoption on capital market integration.
Vitrimerization of rigid thermoset polyurethane foams: A mechanochemical method to recycle and reprocess thermosets
Authors: Bandegi Alireza , Montemayor Maya , Manas‐Zloczower Ica
Published: August 2022

Polyurethane (PU) thermosets are extensively used in different applications and recycling the large amount of PU thermoset waste remains a universal challenge. Recycling the thermoset waste through vitrimerization is a feasible, cost‐effective, and environmental‐friendly approach. In this work, triazabicyclodecene (TBD) is used as organocatalyst in the vitrimerization process to recycle and reprocess thermoset rigid polyurethane foams. The results show that the permanent crosslinked structure of the PU thermoset foam is converted to a dynamic network upon vitrimerization. The vitrimerized network can rapidly relax the stress in 10 s at temperatures as low as 120°C. The topology rearrangement happens through the carbamate exchange reaction, mainly via a dissociative mechanism. The vitrimerized network retains high mechanical strength with Young's Modulus of 2.7 GPa and tensile strength of 76.4 MPa and can be reprocessed for a second time without addition of extra catalyst and without loss in mechanical properties. The vitrimerized network can also be foamed by applying small pressure at high temperatures.
T-DominO
Authors: Gaier Adam , Stoddart James , Villaggi Lorenzo , Bentley Peter J.
Published: August 2022

Real-world design problems are a messy combination of constraints, objectives, and features. Exploring these problem spaces can be defined as a Multi-Criteria Exploration (MCX) problem, whose goals are to produce a set of diverse solutions with high performance across many objectives, while avoiding low performance across any objectives. Quality-Diversity algorithms produce the needed design variation, but typically consider only a single objective. We present a new ranking, T-DominO, specifically designed to handle multiple objectives in MCX problems. T-DominO ranks individuals relative to other solutions in the archive, favoring individuals with balanced performance over those which excel at a few objectives at the cost of the others. Keeping only a single balanced solution in each MAP-Elites bin maintains the visual accessibility of the archive – a strong asset for design exploration. We illustrate our approach on a set of easily understood benchmarks, and showcase its potential in a many-objective real-world architecture case study.
Universal Procedure for Correction of Plasticity Effect in Hole-Drilling Uniform Residual Stress Measurement
Authors: Halabuk D. , Návrat T.
Published: August 2022

Background

The hole-drilling method is a well-known and widely used technique for the determination of residual stresses, but is limited to materials with linear elastic behaviour. This can be a problem when high residual stresses are measured, since a local yielding can occur due to stress concentration around the drilled hole.

Objective

If the residual stress exceeds about 80% of the material yield stress, the error caused by the plasticity effect becomes significant. In order to correctly evaluate high uniform residual stresses, a universal procedure for a correction of the plasticity effect is introduced.

Methods

The procedure uses a neural network and is capable of correcting any combination of uniform residual stresses with magnitudes up to the material yield stress. It also covers a wide range of material parameters, hole diameters, and strain gauge rosettes and it is independent of the orientation of the strain gauge rosette.

Results

The correction procedure was tested by more than a million randomly generated stress states that covered the entire range of input parameters and performs remarkably well, since the error of the corrected residual stresses is negligible even for the states with residual stress magnitudes equal to the material yield stress.

Conclusions

The proposed correction extends the application range of the hole-drilling method to high uniform residual stresses and therefore can be very useful for practical measurements.
Measuring statistical learning by eye-tracking
Authors: Zolnai Tamás , Dávid Dominika Réka , Pesthy Orsolya , Nemeth Marton , Kiss Mariann , Nagy Márton , Nemeth Dezso
Published: August 2022

Statistical learning—the skill to pick up probability-based regularities of the environment—plays a crucial role in adapting to the environment and learning perceptual, motor, and language skills in healthy and clinical populations. Here, we developed a new method to measure statistical learning without any manual responses. We used the Alternating Serial Reaction Time (ASRT) task, adapted to eye-tracker, which, besides measuring reaction times (RTs), enabled us to track learning-dependent anticipatory eye movements. We found robust, interference-resistant learning on RT; moreover, learning-dependent anticipatory eye movements were even more sensitive measures of statistical learning on this task. Our method provides a way to apply the widely used ASRT task to operationalize statistical learning in clinical populations where the use of manual tasks is hindered, such as in Parkinson’s disease. Furthermore, it also enables future basic research to use a more sensitive version of this task to measure predictive processing.
Nucleation effects on cloud cavitation about a hydrofoil
Authors: Venning James A. , Pearce Bryce W. , Brandner Paul A.
Published: August 2022

The dynamics of cloud cavitation about a three-dimensional hydrofoil are investigated experimentally in a cavitation tunnel with depleted, sparse and abundant free-stream nuclei populations. A rectangular planform, NACA 0015 hydrofoil was tested at a Reynolds number of

$1.4\times 10^{6}$

, an incidence of

$6^{\circ }$

and a range of cavitation numbers from single-phase flow to supercavitation. High-speed photographs of cavitation shedding phenomena were acquired simultaneously with unsteady force measurement to enable identification of cavity shedding modes corresponding to force spectral peaks. The shedding modes were analysed through spectral decomposition of the high-speed movies, revealing different shedding instabilities according to the nuclei content. With no active nuclei, the fundamental shedding mode occurs at a Strouhal number of 0.28 and is defined by large-scale re-entrant jet formation during the growth phase, but shockwave propagation for the collapse phase of the cycle. Harmonic and subharmonic modes also occur due to local tip shedding. For the abundant case, the fundamental shedding is again large-scale but with a much slower growth phase resulting in a frequency of

$St=0.15$

. A harmonic mode forms in this case due to the propagation of two shockwaves; an initial slow propagating wave followed by a second faster wave. The passage of the first wave causes partial condensation leading to lower void fraction and consequent increase in the speed of the second wave along with larger-scale condensation. For a sparsely seeded flow, coherent fluctuations are reduced due to intermittent, disperse nuclei activation and cavity breakup resulting in an optimal condition with maximum reduction in unsteady lift.
Quantifying folk perceptions of dialect boundaries. A case study from Tuscany (Italy)
Authors: Calamai Silvia , Piccardi Duccio , Nodari Rosalba
Published: August 2022

This paper aims to understand the contribution of geographical information in the perception of linguistic variation. A total of 813 mental maps collected among young speakers from different cities in Tuscany have been analyzed via an open-access web dialectometric tool (Gabmap). In particular, the study seeks to verify the role of geographic distance and the place of residence of the respondents in modeling perceived variation. The relationship between dialect grouping as made by linguists and perceived taxonomies of sublinguistic areas is also investigated. Results show that geographical proximity between mapped areas significantly predicts the perception of dialect similarity. Our participants made their decisions looking at (1) a keen sense of spatial contiguity, and (2) the synchronic presence of linguistic differences between the Tuscan subregions. Moreover, classification uncertainty grows when the mapped areas are very close to, or very distant from, the participants’ places of residence. Methodological and linguistic perspectives of mental maps in folk linguistics are finally discussed.
Attributional versus identificational: A dichotomous analysis of appositives in Mandarin Chinese
Authors: JIN JING
Published: August 2022

Among various types of nominal phrases, the appositive construction has long been a relatively under-researched subject in the literature of Chinese linguistics. This paper centers on the use of the appositive construction [P(ronoun)-Num(eral)-Cl(assifier)-Nominal Phrase (NP)] in Mandarin Chinese. Upon revealing a series of asymmetries in syntax, semantics, and pragmatics, this paper proposes an attributional versus identificational distinction for Chinese appositives. Specifically, for the attributional case, the apposition (i.e. [Num-Cl-NP]) is property-denoting and serves to rationalize the speaker’s evaluation about the referent denoted by the anchor (i.e. the P); for the identificational case, the apposition is individual-denoting and serves to facilitate referent identification of the anchor by picking out an identifiable quantified set of discourse referents from the given context. To formally capture this distinction, this paper develops a dichotomous analysis for the syntax of Chinese appositives. The non-unified treatment not only offers an effective explanation for the asymmetries exhibited by the appositives under different cases, but also contributes to a better understanding of Chinese appositives in general.
Sex differences in risk factors that predict progression from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer’s dementia
Authors: Berezuk Courtney , Khan Maleeha , Callahan Brandy L. , Ramirez Joel , Black Sandra E. , Zakzanis Konstantine K. ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: August 2022

Objectives:

To evaluate whether cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, apolipoprotein e4, neuroimaging abnormalities, and neuropsychological data differentially predict progression from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to dementia for men and women.

Methods:

Participants who were diagnosed with MCI at baseline (n = 449) were classified as either progressing to Alzheimer’s dementia at follow-up or as not progressing. Men and women were first compared using bivariate analyses. Sex-stratified Cox proportional hazard regressions were performed examining the relationship between baseline data and the likelihood of progressing to dementia. Sex interactions were subsequently examined.

Results:

Cox proportional hazard regression controlling for age and education indicated that all variables significantly predicted subsequent progression to dementia for men and women. Sex interactions indicated that only Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) delayed recall and Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ) were significantly stronger risk factors for women. When all variables were entered into a fully adjusted model, significant risk factors for women were Aβ42, hippocampal volume, RAVLT delayed recall, Boston Naming Test, and FAQ. In contrast, for men, Aβ42, p-tau181, p-tau181/Aβ42, hippocampal volume, category fluency and FAQ were significant risk factors. Interactions with sex were only significant for p-tau181/Aβ42 and RAVLT delayed recall for the fully adjusted model.

Conclusions:

Men and women with MCI may to differ for which factors predict subsequent dementia although future analyses with greater power are needed to evaluate sex differences. We hypothesize that brain and cognitive reserve theories may partially explain these findings.
Tracking reading development in an English language university-level bridging program: evidence from eye-movements during passage reading
Authors: Schmidtke Daniel , Rahmanian Sadaf , Moro Anna L.
Published: August 2022

Increasing numbers of international students enter university education via English language bridging programs. Much research has overlooked the nature of second language reading development during a bridging program, focusing instead on the development of literacy skills of international students who already meet the language requirement for undergraduate admission. We report a longitudinal eye-movement study assessing English passage reading efficiency and comprehension in 405 Chinese-speaking bridging program students. Incoming IELTS reading scores were used as an index of baseline reading ability. Linear mixed-effects regression models fitted to global eye-movement measures and reading comprehension indicated that despite initial between-subjects differences, within-subject change at each ability level progressed at the same rate, following parallel growth trajectories. Therefore, there was significant overall reading progress during the bridging program, but no evidence that the gap between low and high ability readers either closed or widened over time.
Associations between maternal exposure to surgery or pregnancy exposure to fluorinated anesthetics and children’s cognitive development and educational outcomes
Authors: Kravets Melissa E. , Klebanoff Mark A. , Keim Sarah A.
Published: August 2022

A transgenerational, epigenetic effect of anesthesia, particularly fluorinated agents, has been examined in rat models, but translation to humans is unclear. This study examined associations of maternal lifetime exposure to anesthesia and pregnancy exposure to fluorinated anesthetics with child cognitive and educational outcomes. Women in the US Collaborative Perinatal Project (1959–1963) reported lifetime history of surgeries, and the obstetric record captured pregnancy exposure to anesthetics. Children were followed to age 7 for global cognitive ability and educational outcomes (n=47,977). Logistic and linear regressions were adjusted for maternal and child birth years, race and ethnicity, smoking, education, parity, study site. Many outcomes were not associated with exposure to maternal surgery that occurred at various life stages. However, maternal surgery in early childhood was associated both with being in a special school or not in school (adj OR=1.42; 95% CI 1.02, 1.98) and with slightly better cognitive ability across childhood (e.g., WISC IQ (adj β=0.59; CI 0.13, 1.04) (especially among boys)). Maternal surgery in puberty was associated with slightly lower IQ (adjβ = –0.42; CI –0.79, –0.05) and poorer spelling at age 7. Children’s prenatal exposure to fluorinated anesthetics was associated with slightly better spelling ability (adjβ= 1.20; CI 0.02, 2.38) but lower performance IQ at age 7 (only among boys, adjβ = –1.97; CI –3.88, –0.06). This study shows inconsistent evidence of effects of maternal exposure to surgery or prenatal exposure to fluorinated agents on child developmental and educational outcomes Residual confounding by indication and socioeconomic status may explain observed associations.
Across‐Slab Propagation and Low Stress Drops of Deep Earthquakes in the Kuril Subduction Zone
Authors: Turner Alice R. , Ferreira Ana M. G. , Berbellini Andrea , Brantut Nicolas , Faccenda Manuele , Kendall Elodie
Published: August 2022

Deep earthquakes occur down to 700 km depth where pressure is up to two orders of magnitude greater than in the crust. Rupture characteristics and propagation mechanisms under those extreme conditions are still poorly constrained. We invert seismic waveforms for the spatial dimensions, duration and stress drop of deep‐focus earthquakes (Mw6.7–7.7) in the Kuril subduction zone. We find stress drops of ∼1–10 MPa and rigidity‐corrected spatial dimensions and durations similar to crustal earthquakes. Radiated efficiency >1 is observed, suggesting that undershooting is prevalent in deep earthquakes, consistent with laboratory derived weakening mechanisms. Comparisons with subduction models suggest across‐slab propagation within regions with temperaturesT < ∼ 1,000°C, similar to shallow events. Hence, despite different triggering mechanisms, the same physics seems to control the rupture propagation of both shallow and deep earthquakes.