bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictive biological factors for late survival in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer
Authors: Kang Young-Joon , Oh Se Jeong , Bae Soo Youn , Kim Eun-Kyu , Lee Young-Jin , Park Eun Hwa , Jeong Joon , Park Heung Kyu , Suh Young Jin , Kim Yong-Seok
Published: July 2023

The human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) enriched subtype of breast cancer is associated with early recurrence, mostly within 5 years. However, anti-HER2 therapies have improved outcomes and their benefits persist in the long term. This study aimed to determine predictive factors for late survival in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer. We analyzed 20,672 patients with HER2-positive stage I–III breast cancer. The patients were divided into two groups based on a follow-up period of 60 months. The multivariate analysis of factors associated with poor overall survival included old age, advanced pathologic tumor size stage (pT), advanced pathologic regional lymph node stage (pN), high histological grade, presence of lymphatic and vascular invasion, and HR-negative status within 60 months. In the breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) of the > 60 months follow-up group, the hazard ratios (HRa) based on pN-negative were 3.038, 3.722, and 4.877 in pN1 (p = 0.001), pN2 (p < 0.001), and pN3 (p < 0.001), respectively. Only pT4 level was statistically significant in the pT group (HRa, 4.528; p = 0.007). Age (HRa, 1.045, p < 0.001) and hormone receptor-positive status (HRa, 1.705, p = 0.022) were also associated to worse BCSS. Although lymphatic invasion was not significantly associated with BCSS, there was a tendency toward a relationship (p = 0.079) with worse BCSS. In HER2-positive breast cancer patients, node status had a more significant relationship with long-term prognosis than T stage. Patients with HER2-positive breast cancer who have T4 or node-positive should be considered for clinical observation and education beyond 5 years.
Graph theory applications in congenital heart disease
Authors: Lee Yao-Ting , Chen Shyh-Jye
Published: July 2023

Graph theory can be used to address problems with complex network structures. Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) involve complex abnormal connections between chambers, vessels, and organs. We proposed a new method to represent CHDs based on graph theory, wherein vertices were defined as the spaces through which blood flows and edges were defined by the blood flow between the spaces and direction of the blood flow. The CHDs of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) and transposition of the great arteries (TGA) were selected as examples for constructing directed graphs and binary adjacency matrices. Patients with totally repaired TOF, surgically corrected d-TGA, and Fontan circulation undergoing four-dimensional (4D) flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were included as examples for constructing the weighted adjacency matrices. The directed graphs and binary adjacency matrices of the normal heart, extreme TOF undergoing a right modified Blalock–Taussig shunt, and d-TGA with a ventricular septal defect were constructed. The weighted adjacency matrix of totally repaired TOF was constructed using the peak velocities obtained from 4D flow MRI. The developed method is promising for representing CHDs and may be helpful in developing artificial intelligence and conducting future research on CHD.
Efficient CO2 absorption through wet and falling film membrane contactors: insights from modeling and simulation
Authors: Ghasem Nayef
Published: July 2023

The release of excessive carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere poses potential threats to the well-being of various species on Earth as it contributes to global working. Therefore, it is necessary to implement appropriate actions to moderate CO2 emissions. A hollow fiber membrane contactor is an emerging technology that combines the advantages of separation processes and chemical absorptions. This study investigates the efficacy of wet and falling film membrane contactors (FFMC) in enhancing CO2 absorption in a monoethanolamine (MEA) aqueous solution. By analyzing factors such as membrane surface area, gas flow rate, liquid inlet flow rates, gas–liquid contact time, and solvent loading, we examine the CO2 absorption process in both contactors. Our results reveal a clear advantage of FFMC, achieving an impressive 85% CO2 removal efficiency compared to 60% with wet membranes. We employ COMSOL Multiphysics 6.1 simulation software and finite element analysis to validate our findings, demonstrating a close agreement between predicted and experimental values, with an average relative error of approximately 4.3%. These findings highlight the significant promise of FFMC for applications in CO2 capture.
Membrane recruitment of the polarity protein Scribble by the cell adhesion receptor TMIGD1
Authors: Thüring Eva-Maria , Hartmann Christian , Maddumage Janesha C. , Javorsky Airah , Michels Birgitta E. , Gerke Volker , Banks Lawrence , Humbert Patrick O. , Kvansakul Marc , Ebnet Klaus
Published: July 2023

Scribble (Scrib) is a multidomain polarity protein and member of the leucine-rich repeat and PDZ domain (LAP) protein family. A loss of Scrib expression is associated with disturbed apical-basal polarity and tumor formation. The tumor-suppressive activity of Scrib correlates with its membrane localization. Despite the identification of numerous Scrib-interacting proteins, the mechanisms regulating its membrane recruitment are not fully understood. Here, we identify the cell adhesion receptor TMIGD1 as a membrane anchor of Scrib. TMIGD1 directly interacts with Scrib through a PDZ domain-mediated interaction and recruits Scrib to the lateral membrane domain in epithelial cells. We characterize the association of TMIGD1 with each Scrib PDZ domain and describe the crystal structure of the TMIGD1 C-terminal peptide complexed with PDZ domain 1 of Scrib. Our findings describe a mechanism of Scrib membrane localization and contribute to the understanding of the tumor-suppressive activity of Scrib.
Participatory monitoring drives biodiversity knowledge in global protected areas
Authors: Mandeville Caitlin P. , Nilsen Erlend B. , Herfindal Ivar , Finstad Anders G.
Published: July 2023

Protected areas are central in strategies to conserve biodiversity. Effective area-based conservation relies on biodiversity data, but the current biodiversity knowledge base is insufficient and limited by geographic and taxonomic biases. Public participation in biodiversity monitoring such as via community-based monitoring or citizen science increases data collection but also contributes to replicating these biases or introducing new ones. Here we examine how participatory monitoring has changed the landscape of open biodiversity knowledge in protected areas using biodiversity data shared on the Global Biodiversity Information Facility. We highlight a growing dominance of participatory monitoring within protected areas. We find that patterns in geographic, taxonomic, and threatened species coverage differ from non-participatory monitoring, suggesting complementarity between the two approaches. The relative contribution of participatory monitoring varies with characteristics of both protected areas and monitoring programs. We synthesize these results to derive context-specific strategies for extending the conservation impact of participatory biodiversity monitoring.
“One stone, two birds”: a mitochondria-targeted fluorescent probe for the detection of viscosity and HSO3−in living cells
Authors: Zhang Buyue , Shi Lei , Ma Xiaoying , Yang Dawei , Sun Hongxia , Tang Yalin , Zhang Xiufeng
Published: July 2023

A mitochondria-targeted fluorescent probe based on hemicyanine showed a dual-response for viscosity and HSO3−in living cells.
Supramolecular recognition enhanced electrochemical sensing: β-cyclodextrin and Pd nanoparticle co-decorated 3D reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite-modified glassy carbon electrode for the quantification of ractopamine
Authors: Zhang Kai , Zhang Xiaoyuan , Rong Yanqin , Niu Qingfang , Jin Pengyue , Ma Xuewen , Yang Cheng , Liang Wenting
Published: July 2023

A novel supramolecular recognition-enhanced electrochemical sensing platform based on a 3D-rGO/Pd/β-CD-modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) is proposed for application in the electrochemical detection of RAC.
Biological formation of ethylene
Authors: Hausinger Robert P. , Rifayee Simahudeen Bathir J. S. , Thomas Midhun G. , Chatterjee Shramana , Hu Jian , Christov Christo Z.
Published: July 2023

Ethylene formation by the ethylene-forming enzyme (EFE) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase (ACCO).
B2-structured indium–platinum group metal high-entropy intermetallic nanoparticles
Authors: Nakamura Masashi , Wu Dongshuang , Mukoyoshi Megumi , Kusada Kohei , Toriyama Takaaki , Yamamoto Tomokazu , Matsumura Syo , Murakami Yasukazu , Kawaguchi Shogo , Kubota Yoshiki , Kitagawa Hiroshi
Published: July 2023

We synthesised the B2-structured high-entropy intermetallic nanoparticles composed of indium and platinum group metals, whose crystal structure is unique in the coexistence of orderly arranged indium and disorderly arranged platinum group metals.
Achiral phosphonium induced remarkable circular polarized luminescence in a chiral cadmium(ii) halide perovskite material
Authors: Barman Shubhankar , Ranjan Priya , Datta Anuja
Published: July 2023

Achiral phosphonium ion induced hybrid halide 2-dimensional chiral [MePh3P]2CdCl4single crystals show remarkable emerging circular polarized luminescence at room temperature.
Lignin as a quasi-homogenous electron mediator enables efficient photocatalytic H2 evolution in molecular systems
Authors: Liu Tongliang , Wang Fang , Zhang Zhengguo , Min Shixiong
Published: July 2023

Biomass-derived LS can function as a quasi-homogenous electron mediator for enhancing the photocatalytic H2 evolution performance of molecular systems.
Electronic modulation of heterostructured MoOx supported Ru as robust bifunctional catalyst for overall water splitting
Authors: Wang Yangyang , Wen Xin , Dong Xiaojing , Xu Chen , Ma Wenguang , Sun Yiqiang , Xu Bo , Li Cuncheng
Published: July 2023

Ru–MoOx heterostructure exhibits excellent electrocatalytic performance for overall water splitting.
Rational engineering yolk–shell In2S3@void@carbon hybrid as polysulfide-absorbable sulfur host for high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Ding Yingyi , Shen Zihan , Han Tianli , Xu Jing , Zhang Huigang , Hu Chaoquan , Liu Jinyun
Published: July 2023

A novel yolk–shell In2S3@sulfur@carbon hybrid is prepared through a multi-layered assembly approach as a high-performance lithium–sulfur cathode, which displays polysulfide-immobile performance verified by density functional theory calculations.
Siloxane-induced robust photoactive materials with high humidity tolerance for ambient processing of organic solar cells
Authors: Liu Haizhen , Yuan Dong , Jiang Haiying , Li Suhan , Zhang Lianjie , Chen Junwu
Published: July 2023

Photoactive materials comprising a siloxane-terminated side chain could enable active layers with high humidity tolerance and maintain high efficiency.
Determination of ash content, volatile matter, and calorific value in coal by OLS combined with laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy based on PC recombination
Authors: Zhu Shengen , Zhang Wenhao , Song Guangdong , Li Yadong , Hu Binxin , Zhu Feng , Zhang Hua , Wei Yubin , Sun Tengfei , Tang Jing
Published: July 2023

The accuracy of LIBS coal quality detection was improved after PC recombination, and the main element was determined by interpretability tests.
Simple modification to allow high-efficiency and high-resolution multi-material 3D-printing fabrication of microfluidic devices
Authors: Fernandes Quero Reverson , Jesus Dosil Pereira de , Fracassi da Silva José Alberto
Published: July 2023

We present a multi-material DLP 3D printer containing a vat inclination system and peristaltic pumps for resin replacement and vat cleaning. With this system, it is possible to produce microfluidic devices containing microchannels as narrow as 43 μm.
Customizable single-layer hydrogel robot with programmable NIR-triggered responsiveness
Authors: Wei Kun , Fang Xingmiao , Tang Chenlong , Zhu Ling , Fang Yuqiang , Yang Ke , Yang Runhuai
Published: July 2023

A single-layer hydrogel robot with different structures is fabricated, which has customization and programming abilities.
Design, synthesis, crystal structure, photophysical behavior and aggregation-induced emission of a novel pyrene scaffold multifunctional Schiff base ligand: inhibition of digestive enzymes and docking studies
Authors: Mandal Naba Kr , Arya Priyanka , Raghav Neera , Chowdhury Shubhamoy , Naskar Jnan Prakash
Published: July 2023

A novel pyrene-imidazole based Schiff base condensate, 2-(2-(pyren-1-ylmethylene)hydrazineyl)-4,5-dihydro 1H-imidazole hydrobromide monohydrate (PI), has been synthesized.
Metal organic framework MOF-808-based solid-state electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Wang Chunmei , Zhang Jia , Shi Pengfei , Zhou Zhiyuan , Zhang Yao , Gao Yanfang
Published: July 2023

The Li/MOF-808-Li solid-state electrolyte membrane provides a porous channel for ion transport.
TiO2-coated MoP/phosphorus doped carbon nanorods for ultralong-life sodium ion batteries with high capacity
Authors: Tan Chunmei , Li Yiran , He Wei , Wang Zhanzhan , Liu Xiaoyu , Li Yanjuan , Yan Xiao
Published: July 2023

MoP@TiO2/P–C nanorod with a novel structure is constructed through an in situ topological conversion technique with a green method, which manifests a high discharge capacity of 419 mA h g−1 and exceptional stability.
An ultrasmall PVP–Fe–Cu–Ni–S nano-agent for synergistic cancer therapy through triggering ferroptosis and autophagy
Authors: Zhang Rongjun , Xu Shuxiang , Yuan Miaomiao , Guo Lihao , Xie Luoyijun , Liao Yingying , Xu Yang , Fu Xuemei
Published: July 2023

We have synthesized an ultrasmall Fe–Cu–Ni–S nano-agent with excellent photothermal conversion efficiency (∼96%), which can be applied for MRI-guided synergistic PTT/PDT/CDT of cancers through triggering ferroptosis and autophagy.
Macrocyclization via remote meta-selective C–H olefination using a practical indolyl template
Authors: Zhang Pengfei , Jiang Zhiwei , Fan Zhoulong , Li Guoshuai , Ma Qingxue , Huang Jun , Tang Jinghong , Xu Xiaohua , Yu Jin-Quan , Jin Zhong
Published: July 2023

Macrocyclization via palladium-catalyzed intramolecular meta-selective C–H olefination was achieved through utilizing a readily accessible and cleavable indolyl template.
δ-VOPO4 as a high-voltage cathode material for aqueous zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Zhao Dong , Pu Xiangjun , Tang Shenglong , Ding Mingyue , Zeng Yubin , Cao Yuliang , Chen Zhongxue
Published: July 2023

δ-VOPO4 is proposed for the first time as a high-performance cathode material for zinc-ion batteries, exhibiting a high operating voltage of 1.46 V, a specific capacity of 122.6 mA h g−1 and excellent cycling performance.
Prognostic value and chemotherapy response prediction of a proliferation essential gene signature in colon cancer
Authors: Liu Jinsheng , Liang Wei , Xu Yanqin , Zhong Shishun
Published: July 2023

Background: Colon cancer is a common malignant tumor in the digestive tract. Exploring new treatment targets is of great significance for improving the survival rate of colon cancer patients. The present study mainly analyzes the impact of proliferation essential genes (PLEGs) on the prognosis and chemotherapy response of colon cancer patients, as well as identifying the expression and cellular functions of important PLEG.

Methods: The DepMap database was utilized for identification of PLEG in colon cancer cells. Through DEGs screening, WGCNA, univariate cox regression survival analysis, and LASSO, a PLEG signature (PLEGs) model was constructed. The impact of PLEGs on the prognosis of colon cancer patients and their response to chemotherapy was further analyzed. Finally, we conducted a random forest analysis and implemented functional experiments to investigate the prominent PLEG that is linked to the development of colon cancer.

Results: Based on the expression and prognosis of PLEG, we constructed a PLEGs prognosis model which can effectively predict the prognosis of colon cancer patients and their response to chemotherapy treatment. Random forest analysis showed that UBA1 is a key PLEG in the progression of colon cancer. Immunohistochemistry results revealed that UBA1 protein is significantly upregulated in colon cancer tissues. Cell functional experiments demonstrated that knocking down UBA1 can inhibit the proliferation, invasion, and migration abilities of colon cancer cells.

Conclusion: PLEGs have the potential to serve as predictive biomarkers for prognosis and chemotherapy response in colon cancer patients. Among the PLEG, UBA1 plays a prominent role in promoting the malignant progression of colon cancer cells.
Listener- Versus Speaker-Oriented Disfluencies in Autistic Adults: Insights From Wearable Eye-Tracking and Skin Conductance Within a Live Face-to-Face Paradigm
Authors: Clin Elise , Kissine Mikhail
Published: July 2023

Purpose:

Our study addresses three main questions: (a) Do autistics and neurotypicals produce different patterns of disfluencies, depending on the experimenter's direct versus averted gaze? (b) Are these patterns correlated to gender, skin conductance responses, fixations on the experimenter's face, alexithymia, or social anxiety scores? Lastly, (c) can eye-tracking and electrodermal activity data be used in distinguishing listener- versus speaker-oriented disfluencies?

Method:

Within a live face-to-face paradigm combining a wearable eye-tracker with electrodermal activity sensors, 80 adults (40 autistics, 40 neurotypicals) defined words in front of an experimenter who was either staring at their eyes (direct gaze condition) or looking elsewhere (averted gaze condition).

Results:

Autistics produce less listener-oriented (uh,um) and more speaker-oriented (prolongations, breath) disfluencies than neurotypicals. In both groups, men produce lessumthan women. Both autistics' and neurotypicals' speech are influenced by whether their interlocutor systematically looks at them in the eyes or not, but their reactions go in opposite directions. Disfluencies seem to primarily be linguistic phenomena as experienced stress, social attention, alexithymia, and social anxiety scores do not influence any of the reported results. Finally, eye-tracking and electrodermal activity data suggest that laughter could be a listener-oriented disfluency.

Conclusions:

This article studies disfluencies in a fine-grained way in autistic and neurotypical adults while controlling for social attention, experienced stress, and experimental condition (direct vs. averted gaze). It adds to current literature by (a) enlightening our knowledge of speech in autism, (b) opening new perspectives on disfluency patterns as important signals in social interaction, (c) addressing theoretical issues on the dichotomy between listener- and speaker-oriented disfluencies, and (d) considering understudied phenomena as potential disfluencies (e.g., laughter, breath).

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.23549550
MDS coding enabled proxy‐based Internet censorship circumvention system
Authors: Shi Xin , Guo Yunfei , Wang Yawen , Bai Wei
Published: July 2023

In this letter, a novel maximum distance separable coding enabled proxy‐based Internet censorship circumvention system is proposed to handle severe security threats. By introducing redundancy encoding and multi‐proxy transmission, its anti‐censorship capability is significantly enhanced in terms of transmission reliability and data security. A generalized characterization method is constructed for the proposed system utilizing a six‐parameter tuple. Defining successful transmission probability and secure transmission probability as the evaluation metrics of system performances, their mathematical formulations are further derived theoretically. Extensive simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed system.
On the V2G capacity of shared electric vehicles and its forecasting through MAML‐CNN‐LSTM‐Attention algorithm
Authors: Xu Mingkuo , Ren Hui , Chen Ping , Xin Guoyu
Published: July 2023

Shared electric vehicles (shared EVs) could be treated as energy storage and participate in electricity market services. In that case, the schedulable capacity that shared EV provide to grid in future time needs to be predicted accurately. Based on open data provided by a shared vehicle rental project, this research firstly proposes a method to build up schedulable capacity data set to prepare sample data for the deep learning‐based forecasting task. Secondly, a schedulable capacity forecasting model by MAML‐CNN‐LSTM‐Attention is proposed. Through the model, ultra‐short prediction (1 h) of aggregated schedulable vehicle‐to‐grid capacity of shared EVs is performed. The proposed model uses model‐agnostic meta‐learning (MAML) to optimize initial parameters of network to quickly adapt to changes in characteristics caused by different travel habits of different functional communities; uses two‐layer convolutional neural network (CNN) with long short‐term memory neural network (LSTM) and Attention mechanism to extract temporal‐spatial features of schedulable capacity for important historical moments. Simulation results show that the proposed model has a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 1.13% and goodness of fit of 0.976, the MAML decreases the MAPE by 1.04%, its stability and accuracy were better than previous used models. The research can act as useful decision aids for shared EV operators to participate in market services.
Combining weather factors to predict traffic flow: A spatial‐temporal fusion graph convolutional network‐based deep learning approach
Authors: Qi Xudong , Yao Junfeng , Wang Ping , Shi Tongtong , Zhang Yajie , Zhao Xiangmo
Published: July 2023

Accurate traffic flow forecasting is a critical component in intelligent transportation systems. However, most of the existing traffic flow prediction algorithms only consider the prediction under normal conditions, but not the influence of weather attributes on the prediction results. This study applies a hybrid deep learning model based on multi feature fusion to predict traffic flow considering weather conditions. A comparison with other representative models validates that the proposed spatial‐temporal fusion graph convolutional network (STFGCN) can achieve better performance.
A mutually decoupled coil system to improve sensitivity of inductively coupled communication
Authors: Xu Qing , Thrimawithana Duleepa J. , Svirskis Darren , Rupenthal Ilva D.
Published: July 2023

This paper proposes a mutually decoupled transmission and receiver coil (MDC) system to improve the sensitivity of inductively coupled communication. The proposed communication system is intended to be mounted on the frame of a spectacle and used to transfer a detectable voltage signal through weak inductive coupling with an implant measuring intraocular pressure (IOP). The implant consists of a coil that resonates with a capacitor. The capacitance of this capacitor is designed to change with the IOP, thus leading to a change in the self‐resonant frequency of the implant. The transmission coils excite the implant, while the decoupled receiver coils continuously monitor the self‐resonant frequency of the implant. The induced voltage across the receiver coil is used to determine the IOP. Simulation results show that a 1.43% change in the sensor capacitance leads to a 1 mV change in the voltage induced across the receiver coils. The experimental results reveal that raising the self‐inductance of the MDC on the transmission side results in a 0.5%/mV increase in sensitivity.
Comprehensive analysis of anoikis‐related lncRNAs for predicting prognosis and response of immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Du Sihao , Cao Ke , Wang Zhenshun , Lin Dongdong
Published: July 2023

Nowadays, primary liver cancer is still a major threat to human health. Anoikis is a particular form of programed cell death that has an inhibitory effect on neoplasm metastasis. Although several prognostic models based on anoikis‐related genes for Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been established, signatures associated with anoikis‐related lncRNAs have not been identified. To fill this blank space, the authors built up a prognostic signature and appraised its value in guiding immunotherapy. Eleven prognostic anoikis‐related lncRNAs were identified through Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator Cox analysis. The accuracy of the risk signature in predicting prognosis was verified by K–M survival analysis and Receiver operating characteristic analysis. We further discovered that the high‐risk group was often enriched in signal pathways related to cell growth and death and immune response; in addition, in the low‐risk group, cells often undergo metabolic changes through gene set enrichment analysis. Finally, we realised that HCC patients in the high‐risk group were upregulated in immune‐checkpoint molecules and tend to have a higher tumour mutation burden level which indicated a higher sensitivity to immunotherapy. All in all, the anoikis‐related lncRNAs risk signature showed excellent ability in predicting prognosis and may guide the application of immunotherapy in future clinical practice.
UOCS
Authors: Jadhav Vikrant V. , Subramaniam Annapurni , Sagar Ram
Published: July 2023

Aims. NGC 6791 is one of the richest old open clusters in the Milky Way. Its position above the Galactic plane and its number density make it an interesting middle ground between Galactic open and globular clusters. We aim to detect the UV-bright population of NGC 6791 using AstroSat/UVIT images in near-UV and far-UV filters and characterise the known post-mass-transfer systems such as blue straggler stars (BSSs).

Methods. We identified 20 members with large UV flux (out of 91 cluster members among 1180 detections) – which is suggestive of binarity, interactions, or stellar activity – using a multi-wavelength spectral energy distribution analysis.

Results. We characterised 62 isolated cluster members, including five hot subdwarfs (sdA/sdB). Additionally, we detected ten sdA/sdB/extremely low-mass (ELM) white dwarf-type candidates hidden alongside other cluster members. Additionally, we report the discovery of four candidate blue lurkers, which are main sequence stars with mass accretion history.

Conclusions. We report that this cluster has a variety of stellar (pre-)remnants, such as sdBs, sdAs, and ELM white dwarfs, which are by-products of binary evolution. These are likely to be post-mass-transfer binaries found throughout the evolutionary phases from the main sequence to the post-horizontal branch. Therefore, this dynamically old open cluster is unique, making it an ideal test bed for dynamical studies.
An inflationary disk phase to explain extended protoplanetary dust disks
Authors: Marschall Raphael , Morbidelli Alessandro
Published: July 2023

Context. Understanding planetesimal formation is an essential first step towards understanding planet formation. The distribution of these first solid bodies drives the locations where planetary embryos, which eventually form fully-fledged planets, grow.

Aims. We seek to understand the parameter space of possible protoplanetary disk formation and evolution models of our Solar System. A good protoplanetary disk scenario for the Solar System must meet at least the following three criteria: (1) It must produce an extended gas and dust disk (e.g. 45 au for the dust); (2) within the disk, the local dust-to-gas ratio in at least two distinct locations must sufficiently increase to explain the early formation of the parent bodies of non-carbonaceous and carbonaceous iron meteorites; and (3) dust particles, which have condensed at high temperatures (i.e. calcium–aluminium-rich inclusions), must be transported to the outer disk. Though current protoplanetary disk models are able to satisfy one or two of these criteria, none have been successful in recreating all three. We aim to find scenarios that satisfy all three.

Methods. In this study we used a 1D disk model that tracks the evolution of the gas and dust disks. Planetesimals are formed within the disk at locations where the streaming instability can be triggered. We explored a large parameter space to study the effect of the disk viscosity, the timescale of infall of material into the disk, the distance within which material is deposited into the disk, and the fragmentation threshold of dust particles.

Results. We find that scenarios with a large initial disk viscosity (α > 0.05), a relatively short infall timescale (Tinfall < 100–200kyr), and a small centrifugal radius (RC ~ 0.4 au; i.e. the distance within which material falls into the disk) result in disks that satisfy all three criteria needed to represent the protoplanetary disk of the Solar System. The large initial viscosity and short infall timescale result in a rapid initial expansion of the disk, which we dub the ‘inflationary phase’ of the disk. Furthermore, a temperature-dependent fragmentation threshold, which accounts for cold icy particles breaking more easily, results in larger and more massive disks. This, in turn, results in more ‘icy’ than ‘rocky’ planetesimals. Such scenarios are also better in line with our Solar System, which has small terrestrial planets and massive giant planet cores. Finally, we find that scenarios with large RC cannot transport calcium–aluminium-rich inclusions to the outer disk and do not produce planetesimals at two locations within the disk.
Fishmeal replacement by mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) in diet of farmed Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei): effects on growth performance, serum biochemistry, and immune response
Authors: Sharifinia Moslem , Bahmanbeigloo Zahra Afshari , Keshavarzifard Mehrzad , Khanjani Mohammad Hossein , Daliri Moslem , Koochaknejad Emad , Jasour Mohammad Sedigh
Published: July 2023

Reducing the use of fishmeal (FM) in shrimp feed means significant savings in the amount of FM consumed globally and subsequently reducing production costs and environmental impacts. Insect meal (IM) is one of the protein sources to replace FM in aquafeeds. In this regard, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of replacing FM with mealworm (MW,Tenebrio molitor) on the growth performance, haemolymph biochemical responses, and innate immunity ofLitopenaeus vannamei. Shrimps with a mean weight of 7.41 ± 0.13 gram were cultured in 300-liter fiberglass tanks (with a useful drainage volume of 200 liters) with a density of 20 shrimp per tank over a period of 60 days. Dietary treatments, including the control treatment (no mealworm; T0), 15% (T15), 30% (T30), 60% (T60), and 100% (T100) level of replacing FM with mealworm (MW), each with three replications, were investigated in the form of a randomized design. The results of this study showed a significant difference in body weight gain (BWG), feed efficiency (FE), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and hepatopancreas index (HPI) among the treatments (P< 0.05). With the increase of the replacement of FM with MW up to 30%, BWG, FE, and HPI were significantly increased then reduced. The levels of cholesterol (Chol), triglycerides (Tg), and glucose (Glu) showed a decreasing trend with increasing replacement of FM with MW and revealed a significant difference with the control treatment at high levels of replacement (P< 0.05). Besides, the results showed that replacing FM with MW had a significant effect on the activities of superoxidase dismutase (SOD), phenol oxidase (PO), lysozyme (LZM), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and the total count of hemocytes (THC) in the practical diets compared to the control group (P< 0.05). Overall, the findings suggest that MW is a promising alternative protein source forL. vannamei, as it enhances both growth performance and the immune system. The study recommends the use of MW in the diet of farmed species in the aquaculture industry, given its lack of adverse impacts on growth performance and its potential to reduce environmental consequences resulting from its production. The results also underscore the importance of exploring alternative protein sources to reduce dependence on FM and enhance sustainability in the aquaculture industry.
A Combination of Ex Vivo and In Vivo Strategies for Evaluating How Much New Oral Anticoagulants Exacerbate Experimental Intracerebral Bleeding
Authors: Mourão Paulo A. S. , Fonseca Roberto J. C. , Ferreira Juliana R. P. , Sucupira Isabela D. , Carvalho Gabriella M. C. , Paiva Fernando F. , Pimentel-Coelho Pedro M. , Rosado-de-Castro Paulo H.
Published: July 2023

Background Intracerebral hemorrhage is the most serious complication of anticoagulant therapy but the effects of different types of oral anticoagulants on the expansion of these hemorrhages are still unclear. Clinical studies have revealed controversial results; more robust and long-term clinical evaluations are necessary to define their outcomes. An alternative is to test the effect of these drugs in experimental models of intracerebral bleeding induced in animals.

Aims To test new oral anticoagulants (dabigatran etexilate, rivaroxaban, and apixaban) in an experimental model of intracerebral hemorrhage induced by collagenase injection into the brain striatum of rats. Warfarin was used for comparison.

Methods Ex vivo anticoagulant assays and an experimental model of venous thrombosis were employed to determine the doses and periods of time required for the anticoagulants to achieve their maximum effects. Subsequently, volumes of brain hematoma were evaluated after administration of the anticoagulants, using these same parameters. Volumes of brain hematoma were evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging, H&E (hematoxylin and eosin) staining, and Evans blue extravasation. Neuromotor function was assessed by the elevated body swing test.

Results and Conclusions The new oral anticoagulants did not increase intracranial bleeding compared with control animals, while warfarin markedly favored expansion of the hematomas, as revealed by magnetic resonance imaging and H&E staining. Dabigatran etexilate caused a modest but statistically significant increase in Evans blue extravasation. We did not observe significant differences in elevated body swing tests among the experimental groups. The new oral anticoagulants may provide a better control over a brain hemorrhage than warfarin.
Pattern of Surgical Diseases Affecting Females in a Teaching Hospital in Central India: A Demographic Study
Authors: Khan Shehtaj , Bansal Vishal , Goyal Sakshi
Published: July 2023

Introduction Despite progress in eliminating the social and health disparity between men and women during the last century, gender equality remains an elusive goal, particularly in the developing world. This gender-based bias has been found to directly result into poor health outcome in females. Hence, it is vital to know the number and pattern of surgical diseases affecting females in any setup, so as to improve their admission rates and reach out to this neglected half of population.

Materials and Methods This was a demographic study done at a teaching hospital in Central India from January to June 2020. Data of patients discharged from female surgery ward were collected from medical record department. Age, diagnosis, urban–rural distribution, and length of hospital stay of patients were noted, and data were analyzed statistically.

Results A total of 187 patient records were studied, which revealed that the mean age of the patients was 40.35 years; maximum patients were of gastrointestinal surgery (53.42%) in which the most common diagnosis was cholelithiasis (25.13%). Urological diseases (15.50%), breast diseases (12.83%), perianal disease (9.09%), and thyroid diseases (5.34%) were found in decreasing order of frequency. Overall hospital stays of patients ranged from 1 to 14 days with average stay of 6.35 days.

Conclusion In our study, cholelithiasis was found to be the most common surgically treated disease followed by urological diseases. Breast symptoms, although commonly affecting females, did not turn into admissions as there remains a social taboo attached to it. Breast cancer still presents late, despite being the most common cancer in females in India. Approximately 65% patients were discharged within first 5 days of their admission, which indicates good hospital care and improves patient satisfaction levels. Still there is greater need for public health efforts to improve the monitoring, safety, and availability of surgical services to female patients.
Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation Threshold for Successful Open Surgery of the Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex
Authors: Feitz Reinier , Kooij Yara E. van , Oest Mark J. W. van der , Souer J Sebastiaan , Hovius Steven E. R. , Selles Ruud W. ,   the Hand–Wrist Study Group
Published: July 2023

Purpose To determine thresholds in patient-reported outcome measures at baseline in patients electing to undergo triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) surgery to select patients with clinically improved outcomes.

Methods The study cohort comprised consecutive patients who underwent open TFCC repair between December 2011 and December 2018 in various clinics in the Netherlands. All patients were asked to complete the patient-rated wrist evaluation (PRWE) questionnaire at baseline as well as at 12 months postoperatively. The minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for the PRWE was calculated to be 24 using an anchor-based method. We compared patient, disease, and surgical characteristics between patients who did and did not reach the MCID. The t-tests and chi-square tests were undertaken to test differences between outcomes and satisfaction in patients who did or did not reach the MCID.

Results Patients (34%) who did not reach MCID had a longer history of complaints. The chances of reaching the MCID for patients with a low PRWE score at baseline were slim. Of patients with a PRWE score <34 at baseline, only 14% reached the MCID, whereas in patients with a PRWE score of ≥34, 69% reached the MCID.

Conclusion A PRWE total score at baseline <34 is a strong signal to reconsider open surgery of the TFCC because the chance of reaching a clinically meaningful outcome is slim.

Level of Evidence II.

Type of Study Therapeutic.
The impact of network social presence on live streaming viewers’ social support willingness: a moderated mediation model
Authors: You Zhenwu , Wang Meng , Shamu Yangjin
Published: July 2023

With the accelerating development of social networks and the popularization of intelligent personal communication devices, live streaming has provided fluid experiences in time and space for the Chinese people, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Live streaming has enabled the real-time communication and interaction between viewer and live host, and has created a range of live hosts and new forms of business models due to the affordance of virtual currencies and gift reward mechanisms featured on live streaming platforms. Based on a questionnaire survey of 515 live viewers, this study examines the impact of the viewers’ network social presence on social support willingness and analyzes the roles of parasocial interaction and emotional response. The study reveals that network social presence has a direct positive impact on emotional, instrumental, and economic support willingness. Additionally, parasocial interaction plays a mediating role in the impact of network social presence on emotional, instrumental, and economic support willingness. Furthermore, the higher the degree of emotional response, the stronger the mediating effect of parasocial interaction on the relationship between network social presence and instrumental support willingness. Findings shed light on the potential intermediate mechanism and the boundary conditions of the influence of network social presence on the social support willingness of viewers, providing new insights on promoting the relationships between live hosts and viewers on live broadcast platforms.
Picking winners in strategic emerging industries using government subsidies in China: the role of market power
Authors: Shi Junguo , Sadowski Bert M. , Zeng Xinru , Dou Shanshan , Xiong Jie , Song Qiuya , Li Sihan
Published: July 2023

This study explores the effects of government subsidies on company labour productivity in strategic emerging industries under conditions of market power in downstream and upstream markets. A sample of 1392 listed companies from emerging industries in China from 2006 to 2019 is used. Labour productivity will be lower in companies with high seller power. The positive effect of subsidies on labour productivity will be enhanced when firms possess higher seller power, whereas the positive effect of subsidies on labour productivity will be weakened when firms possess higher buyer power. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the role of market power is more evident for domestic enterprises compared to foreign investment companies. The mechanisms of picking winners based on government subsidies should take the effects brought by various degrees of market power into account.
What floating arrays hinge on
Authors: Patrick Chris
Published: July 2023

Assessing the motion introduced by hinges that connect floating arrays in offshore engineering practices.
A perspective on metallic liquids and glasses
Authors: Kelton K. F.
Published: July 2023

Metallic glasses have the potential to become transformative materials, but this is hindered by the lack of ability to accurately predict which metallic alloys will form good glasses. Current approaches are limited to empirical rules that often rely on parameters that are unknown until the glasses are made, rendering them not predictive. In this Perspective, properties of metallic liquids at elevated temperatures and how these might lead to better predictions for glass formation are explored. A central topic is liquid fragility, which characterizes the different dynamics of the liquids. What fragility is and how it might be connected to the liquid structure is discussed. Since glass formation is ultimately limited by crystallization during cooling, recent advances in crystal growth and nucleation are also reviewed. Finally, some approaches for improving glass stability and glass rejuvenation for improved plasticity are discussed. Building on a summary of results, some key questions are raised and a prospective for future studies is offered.
High power DC and ns-pulsed 2 MV accelerator for light ions
Authors: Shornikov A. , Champagne A. E. , Walet R. C. , Mous D. J. W.
Published: July 2023

High Voltage Engineering developed, built, and tested a unique 2 MV single-ended accelerator (SingletronTM) for light ions. The system combines a beam current of up to 2 mA for protons and helium in direct-current mode with nanosecond-pulsing capability. Compared to other chopper-buncher applications with Tandem accelerators, the single-ended accelerator increases the charge per bunch by about a factor of 8. The all-solid-state Singletron 2 MV power supplyTM supports high-current operation and features a large dynamic range of the terminal voltage and good transient performance to support the high-current operation. The terminal accommodates an in-house developed 2.45 GHz electron cyclotron resonance ion source and a chopping-bunching system. The latter features phase-locked loop stabilization and temperature compensation of the excitation voltage and its phase. The chopping bunching system further features the selection of hydrogen, deuterium, and helium as well as a pulse repetition rate, ranging from 125 kHz to 4 MHz, that are fully computer controlled. In the testing phase, the system demonstrated smooth operation for 2 mA proton and helium beams at terminal voltages from 0.5 to 2.0 MV, and somewhat reduced current at a voltage down to 250 kV. In pulsing mode, pulses with a full width at half maximum of 2.0 ns reached a peak current of ∼10 and ∼5.0 mA for protons and helium, respectively. This is equivalent to a pulse charge of about 20 and 10 pC. Applications range from various fields requiring direct current at multi-mA levels and MV light ions, including nuclear astrophysics research, boron neutron capture therapy, and deep implantation for semiconductor applications.
Photoinduced valley-resolved spin filter based on kagome-lattice nanoribbons
Authors: Sun Yun-Lei , Xie Hang , Chen Guo-Hong , Du Si-Chao , Chen Zhong-Bao , Xie Hao , Ye En-Jia
Published: July 2023

Low-dimensional materials with topologically protected edge states have wide applications in spintronic, valleytronic, and optoelectronic nanodevices. Different from the valley-resolved quantum anomalous Hall (VQAH) state and spin-polarized quantum anomalous Hall (VSQAH), the photon-induced topological states in kagome-lattice nanoribbons (KLNR) can generate both valley and spin-polarized edge states without magnetic substrate or Rashba spin-orbit coupling (SOC). Via the Floquet theory, we also propose a 0-photon-extraction scheme to obtain the effective Hamiltonian under low-frequency light for the first time, and we analyze the topological properties and phase transition of the irradiated kagome system, similar with those in the high-frequency case. We then design an all-optically controlled valley-resolved spin filter based on KLNR. Transmissions and local current distributions of the proposed nanodevice confirm this spin-filter effect, which can indeed be switched by left- or right-circularly-polarized (LCP/RCP) light. We believe these optically controlled models can be extended to the design of magnetism-free spin-valley filter or switcher in the future.
High-absorbance resonant-cavity-enhanced free-standing Ge photodetector for infrared detection at 1550 nm wavelength
Authors: Hsu Ching-Yu , Pei Zingway , Liu Jia-Ming
Published: July 2023

A novel free-standing resonant-cavity-enhanced (RCE) Ge thin-film absorber is designed with a bottom distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) for infrared photodetection at 1550 nm wavelength based on a Si substrate. The free-standing structure offers a high degree of freedom in optimizing the number of periods, the layer arrangement, and the thickness of each layer of the DBR. A SiO2/Si DBR that is compatible with Si processing technology is used on the bottom of the Ge thin film to construct the RCE structure. Based on our theoretical study, the SiO2 low-index layer must be placed next to the Ge layer to utilize the large difference in the refractive indices between SiO2 and Ge to achieve high reflectance for the DBR. In this design, the structure can reach an absorbance of 85.90% with a DBR of three periods on the bottom and an antireflective oxide layer on the top surface of the Ge layer. Without the antireflective oxide layer, the absorbance is increased to 99.17%. The design paves the way for high-responsivity Ge infrared photodetectors in Si-based photonic systems.
Halide double-perovskites: High efficient light emission and beyond
Authors: Marongiu Daniela , Lai Stefano , Liu Fang , Simbula Angelica , Quochi Francesco , Saba Michele , Mura Andrea , Bongiovanni Giovanni
Published: July 2023

Lead-free halide double perovskites are stable and versatile materials for a wide range of applications, particularly for lighting, thanks to their very efficient emission of warm white light. Element substitution in halide double perovskite is recognized as a powerful method for tuning the emission wavelength and improve the efficiency. This review provides an overview on composition and recent progress in halide double perovskite with main focus on the synthesis and emission properties of chloride-based compounds.