bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Er‐doping on the structural and optical properties of Cd2V2O7
Authors: Lozada‐Morales R. , Cid‐Garcia A. , López‐Calzada G. , Zayas Ma. E. , Zelaya‐Angel O. , Carmona‐Rodriguez J. , Rubio‐Rosas E. , Palomino‐Merino R. , Portillo‐Moreno O. , Jiménez‐Sandoval S.
Published: June 2012

The melt‐quenching method was used to prepare two groups of samples using CdO and V2O5 as starting materials. Taking into account that a crystalline‐amorphous phase transition would be expected for the CdO–V2O5 system, a first batch was prepared varying the proportions of CdO and V2O5 in the intervals 60–95 and 40–5 wt%, respectively. With the aim of investigating the effect of erbium in the phase transition and crystalline quality of the first group of samples, a second batch was fabricated with the same proportions of CdO and V2O5, with the addition of 5 wt% of Er(NO3)5H2O as source of Er3+ ions. It was found that crystalline or amorphous samples could be obtained depending on the relative concentrations of CdO and V2O5, and that the borderline between amorphous and crystalline samples was affected by the incorporation of Er. From X‐ray diffraction, it was possible to identify the formation of the ternary compound Cd2V2O7 in the crystalline cases. The Raman and infrared bands in these samples were in agreement with the lattice modes of Cd2V2O7. Additionally, an improvement in the crystalline quality of Cd2V2O7 was obtained for the Er‐doped samples. The effect of the local environment around the Er3+ ions on the room temperature photoluminescence was also investigated for the amorphous and crystalline samples.
Advantages of near‐ultraviolet light‐emitting diodes with polarization‐matched InGaN/AlGaInN multi‐quantum wells
Authors: Kuo Yen‐Kuang , Chen Yu‐Han , Chang Jih‐Yuan , Tsai Miao‐Chan
Published: June 2012

Advantages of near‐ultraviolet light‐emitting diodes with polarization‐matched InGaN/AlGaInN multi‐quantum wells (QWs) are investigated numerically. Simulation results show that, the polarization‐matched structure possesses improved efficiency droop and higher output power under high current injection due to better overlap of electron‐hole wavefunctions and slighter Auger recombination. The optical performance of the polarization‐matched structure can benefit from the enhanced capability of carrier confinement with the employment of larger bandgap electron‐blocking layer and wider QWs.
The Effect of Colour Contrast on Consumers' Attentive Behaviours and Perception of Fresh Produce
Authors: Bix Laura , Seo Wontae , Sundar Raghav Prashant
Published: June 2012

The market for fruits and vegetables has received considerable interest in recent years, with much of its growth attributed to consumer interest in nutrition and health. Quality has been indicated to be the most important factor in produce sales, and appearance is of noted significance with regard to perceived quality.

The broad objectives of this research were to identify the impact of simultaneous colour contrast (i.e. the produce viewed through a mesh bag) on (a) attentive behaviours as measured by eye tracking and (b) perceived quality, visual appeal and purchase intention as measured with a Likert scale. To accomplish these objectives, six different types of produce (red apples, oranges, lemons, green apples, purple onions and white onions) were photographed with four differently coloured mesh treatments: the same (as the produce), complementary, complementary‐analogous and analogous. Visual stimuli were then presented during the eye tracking study and in a subsequent questionnaire.

Colour contrast was found to have a significant effect on both resultant eye tracking variables [number of visual fixations (p < 0.001) and time spent (p < 0.001)]. Produce shown with mesh of the same, or an analogous colour, induced significantly more visual fixations and more time than those depicted with complementary or complementary‐analogous treatments.

Subsequent to the eye tracking study, subjects were shown the stimuli and asked to rate the expected quality, visual appeal and their purchase intention for the 24 photographs (6 types of produce × 4 colour contrasts) by using a Likert scale. Pairwise comparisons suggested that produce packaged in the same or analogous mesh were perceived by subjects to be of higher quality, more visually appealing and evoked a higher level of purchase intention than those packaged in complementary or complementary‐analogous mesh (α = 0.05). Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Theoretical study of gas phase reactions of important SOA intermediates: (cis‐ and trans‐) BEPOX and β‐IEPOX with OH radical
Authors: Kong Chui‐Peng , Zhao Zeng‐Xia , Zhang Hong‐Xing
Published: June 2012

Mechanisms for hydroxide radicals reacting with 2,3‐epoxy‐1,4‐butanediol (BEPOX) and 2‐methyl‐2,3‐epoxy‐1,4‐butanediol (β‐IEPOX) in the gas phase are investigated using quantum chemistry computations. Geometries of all the structures are optimized at the X3LYP/6‐31+g(d,p) level. The ground‐state energy for each structure is then refined at the CCSD(T)/6‐31+g(d,p) level. All possible reaction paths for BEPOX and β‐IEPOX are analyzed. The results show that during BEPOX and β‐IEPOX gas phase reactions, hydrogen abstractions on CchainH are the most energetically favorable reaction paths (S3, S7) while the addition reactions (S6, S9) are not likely to occur. The present theoretical study is consistent with previous experimental results. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Solvatofluorochromism and twisted intramolecular charge‐transfer state of the nile red dye
Authors: Ya. Freidzon Alexandra , Safonov Andrei A. , Bagaturyants Alexander A. , Alfimov Michael V.
Published: June 2012

Profiles of the S1 potential energy surface of the Nile Red dye along the rotational coordinate of the amino group are computed using time‐dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) and XMCQDPT2/CASSCF. The calculated profiles exhibit two minima corresponding to a planar locally excited (LE) state and a twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) state. The profiles calculated by time‐dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) depend on the weight of the hartree‐fock (HF) exchange in the functional: at 0% exchange, only the TICT minimum exists, whereas at 50% exchange and more there is only the LE minimum. The profiles obtained by TDDFT at 20–25% HF exchange are in qualitative agreement with that obtained by XMCQDPT2/CASSCF calculations. The energy of the charge transfer state is lowered due to the participation of doubly excited configurations and dynamic correlations, which is implicitly included in the density functionals. The solvent effects on the relative energies of the LE and TICT states and on the barrier height are studied using the polarizable continuum model. The effect of hydrogen bonds is studied for a complex of Nile Red with two water molecules. The solvatochromism of Nile Red fluorescence in aprotic polar solvents is explained by nonspecific solvation, which stabilizes the LE state and causes Nile Red fluorescence solvatochromism; in water and alcohols, it is explained by the formation of hydrogen bonds, which stabilize the TICT state and facilitate the LE‐to‐TICT transition. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
GPS spoofer countermeasure effectiveness based on signal strength, noise power, and C/N0 measurements
Authors: Jafarnia Jahromi Ali , Broumandan Ali , Nielsen John , Lachapelle Gérard
Published: June 2012

Spoofing sources can effectively disrupt a GPS receiver during the acquisition phase by generating multiple false correlation peaks and increasing the noise floor. Such deceptive correlation peaks can mislead the GPS receiver into acquiring the spoofer generated signals rather than the authentic signals. Also, the spoofer can increase the receiver noise floor to bury the authentic signals in the noise and at the same time generate correlation peaks with amplitudes commensurate with reasonable C/N0 expectations. The main focus of this paper is on assessment of the reduced effectiveness of the GPS spoofer countermeasure during acquisition where the GPS receiver utilizes C/N0 discrimination. As shown, whereas the C/N0 discrimination is of limited effectiveness, with a modest circuit modification, the receiver can measure the absolute power of the correlation peaks, which is an effective means of detecting and discriminating spoofer sources. It will be shown that employing absolute power monitoring technique considerably reduces the vulnerability region of the receiver compared with the C/N0 monitoring techniques. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biomarkers and surrogate endpoints in clinical trials
Authors: Fleming Thomas R. , Powers John H.
Published: June 2012

One of the most important considerations in designing clinical trials is the choice of outcome measures. These outcome measures could be clinically meaningful endpoints that are direct measures of how patients feel, function, and survive. Alternatively, indirect measures, such as biomarkers that include physical signs of disease, laboratory measures, and radiological tests, often are considered as replacement endpoints or ‘surrogates’ for clinically meaningful endpoints. We discuss the definitions of clinically meaningful endpoints and surrogate endpoints, and provide examples from recent clinical trials. We provide insight into why indirect measures such as biomarkers may fail to provide reliable evidence about the benefit‐to‐risk profile of interventions. We also discuss the nature of evidence that is important in assessing whether treatment effects on a biomarker reliably predict effects on a clinically meaningful endpoint, and provide insights into why this reliability is specific to the context of use of the biomarker. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparing students for after‐college life: The context
Authors: Smith Kelli K.
Published: June 2012

This chapter addresses the context in which student affairs professionals, faculty, and other mentors prepare students for after‐college life.
Case studies of curricular approaches
Authors: Mills Ann G. , Sutera Janice
Published: June 2012

This chapter provides an overview of the career courses adapted by three universities to support the career transition process for each of their student populations. Each university varies by size, location, student population, and approach in the support of the career development needs of their students.
A Total Synthesis Trilogy: Calicheamicin γ1I, Taxol®, and Brevetoxin A
Authors: Nicolaou K. C. , Hale Christopher R. H. , Nilewski Christian
Published: June 2012

Detailed behind‐the‐scenes accounts of the total syntheses of calicheamicin γ1I, Taxol®, and brevetoxin A are discussed with particular emphasis placed on strategies and tactics employed in these campaigns. DOI 10.1002/tcr.201200005
Religious thought and behavior
Authors: Lawson Ernest Thomas
Published: June 2012

While earlier approaches to religious thought and practice searched for ‘magic bullet’ approaches to explain religious thought and behavior, seeing it as an example of irrationality, illusion, integrative force, symbolism, or false explanations of origins, cognitive scientific approaches have suggested that we see it rather as an aggregate of the products of various cognitive mechanisms. Studies in the cognitive science of religion, informed by experimental work, have converged on a standard model of explaining religious thought and behavior by focussing on the role of minimally counter‐intuitive concepts, agent and animacy detection, ritual representations, notions of contagion and contamination avoidance, theory of mind, coalitions, and moral intuitions.WIREs Cogn Sci2012 doi: 10.1002/wcs.1189

This article is categorized under:

Psychology > Reasoning and Decision Making
QCD parton showers and NLO EW corrections to Drell-Yan
Authors: Richardson Peter , Sadykov Renat R. , Sapronov Andrey A. , Seymour Michael H. , Skands Peter Z.
Published: June 2012

Abstract

We report on the implementation of an interface between the SANC generator framework for Drell-Yan hard processes, which includes next-to-leading order electroweak (NLO EW) corrections, and the Herwig++ and Pythia8 QCD parton shower Monte Carlos. A special aspect of this implementation is that the initial-state shower evolution in both shower generators has been augmented to handle the case of an incoming photon-in-a- proton, diagrams for which appear at the NLO EW level. The difference between shower algorithms leads to residual differences in the relative corrections of 2-3 % in thepT(μ) distributions atpT(μ) ≳ 50 GeV (where the NLO EW correction itself is of order 10 %).
Surgical Indications for Gastrectomy Combined with Distal or Partial Pancreatectomy in Patients with Gastric Cancer
Authors: Sakamoto Yasuo , Sakaguchi Yoshihisa , Sugiyama Masahiko , Minami Kazuhito , Toh Yasushi , Okamura Takeshi
Published: June 2012

Background

The purpose of this study was to clarify the surgical indications for gastrectomy combined with distal or partial pancreatectomy (GP) in patients with gastric cancer.

Methods

From January 1994 to December 2009, 29 patients with primary gastric cancer surgically invading the pancreas without distant organ metastasis underwent GP for R0 resection. The patients’ characteristics, surgical data, and clinicopathological features were used for the analysis of survival and prognostic factors.

Results

The median disease‐free survival and median survival time (MST) of all patients were 15 and 30 months, respectively. Only pN3 status (characterized by 7 or more pathologically metastatic lymph nodes) according to the Japanese Classification of Gastric Carcinoma, 14th edition, was shown to be a prognostic factor in a multivariate analysis. The MST of the patients with pN3 and the other patients were 12 and 51 months, respectively (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

We suggest that pancreas invasion should not be considered a contraindication for gastrectomy and that patients with a small number of lymph node metastases (six or fewer) might be candidates for GP in the case of gastric cancer that requires pancreatectomy for R0 resection.
Venturia inaequalis resistance in local Spanish cider apple germplasm under controlled and field conditions
Authors: Martínez-Bilbao Alejandro , Ortiz-Barredo Amaya , Montesinos Emilio , Murillo Jesús
Published: June 2012

Host resistance is a key method for the integrated management of apple scab caused by Venturia inaequalis, which is one of the most important diseases of apple. Artificial inoculation of 92 cider apple cultivars with a mixed inoculum of V. inaequalis identified 19 weakly resistant and 19 resistant cultivars. Twelve of these resistant cultivars were previously classified as having low susceptibility to fire blight, and four of them showed complete or weak resistance to races (1), (1, 6) and (6, 7, 13) of V. inaequalis. The analysis of a selection of 72 cultivars for 6 years under field conditions identified 14 cultivars that were classified as resistant to apple scab under high disease pressure involving one to six Mills periods of severe risk of infection each year. Eight out of these 14 cultivars previously showed high levels of resistance to fire blight, which would allow the incorporation of genetic resistance in the integrated production of cider apples in Spain through their use in breeding programs.
Molekulare Karyotypisierung in der genetischen Diagnostik
Authors: Hackmann K. , Engels H. , Schröck E.
Published: June 2012

Die molekulare Karyotypisierung durch Array-CGH („comparative genomic hybridization“) und SNP-Arrays (SNP: „single nucleotide polymorphism“) ermöglicht die hochauflösende Untersuchung des gesamten Genoms, um so Gewinne und/oder Verluste (Kopienzahlvarianten, „copy number variants“, CNVs) zu detektieren, die die Ursache einer genetischen Erkrankung sein können. Diese Technik wird in erster Linie zur Ursachenklärung bei syndromalen und nichtsyndromalen (geistigen) Entwicklungsstörungen und zur genetischen Charakterisierung von Tumoren eingesetzt. Auch in der pränatalen Diagnostik könnte die molekulare Karyotypisierung bei auffälligem sonographischem Befund zur Klärung der Ursachen hilfreich sein. Der Artikel gibt eine kurze Übersicht über die grundlegenden Methoden, deren Grenzen und Stärken sowie einen Ausblick in die Zukunft.
Motivation in medical students: a PhD thesis report
Authors: Kusurkar Rashmi
Published: June 2012

The aims of this thesis were to gather insights and investigate the factors
influencing, outcomes and applications of medical students' motivation. This thesis
consists of three literature reviews, four research papers and two application papers.
Two research studies investigated the relationships of student motivation with study
strategy, effort and academic performance through structural equation modelling and
cluster analysis. The relationships of age, maturity, gender and educational background
with motivation were investigated through multiple regression analysis. The results of
this thesis were 1. Developments in medical education appear to have undervalued student
motivation. 2. Motivation is an independent variable in medical education; intrinsic
motivation is significantly associated with deep study strategy, high study effort and
good academic performance. 3. Motivation is a dependent variable in medical education
and is significantly affected by age, maturity, gender, educational background;
intrinsic motivation is enhanced by providing students with autonomy, feedback and
emotional support. 4. Strength of motivation for medical school can be reliably measured
by Strength of Motivation for Medical School questionnaire. The conclusion of this
thesis was that it is important to give consideration to motivation in medical education
because intrinsic motivation leads to better learning and performance and it can be
enhanced through giving students autonomy in learning, feedback about competence and
emotional support.
Inductive microRNA‐21 impairs anti‐mycobacterial responses by targeting IL‐12 and Bcl‐2
Authors: Wu Zhongwen , Lu Haifeng , Sheng Jifang , Li Lanjuan
Published: June 2012

miR‐21 has been shown to regulate multiple mRNAs and cause tumor progression and metastasis. However, whether miR‐21‐mediated posttranscriptional regulation is involved in antigen presentation and anti‐mycobacterial responses remains unclear. Here, we report that miR‐21 can be induced after Bacillus Calmette‐Guerin (BCG) vaccination by NF‐kB activation. miR‐21 suppressed IL‐12 production by targeting IL‐12p35, which impaired anti‐mycobacterial T cell responses both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, miR‐21 also promoted dendritic cell (DC) apoptosis by targeting Bcl‐2. Therefore, miR‐21 may potentially be involved in fine‐tuning of the anti‐mycobacterial Th1 response and in regulating the efficacy of BCG vaccination.
Maintenance of genomic integrity after DNA double strand breaks in the human prostate and seminal vesicle epithelium: The best and the worst
Authors: Jäämaa Sari , Laiho Marikki
Published: June 2012

Prostate cancer is one of the most frequent cancer types in men, and its incidence is steadily increasing. On the other hand, primary seminal vesicle carcinomas are extremely rare with less than 60 cases reported worldwide. Therefore the difference in cancer incidence has been estimated to be more than a 100,000‐fold. This is astonishing, as both tissues share similar epithelial structure and hormonal cues. Clearly, the two epithelia differ substantially in the maintenance of genomic integrity, possibly due to inherent differences in their DNA damage burden and DNA damage signaling. The DNA damage response evoked by DNA double strand breaks may be relevant, as their faulty repair has been implicated in the formation of common genomic rearrangements such as TMPRSS2‐ERG fusions during prostate carcinogenesis. Here, we review DNA damaging processes of both tissues with an emphasis on inflammation and androgen signaling. We discuss how benign prostate and seminal vesicle epithelia respond to acute DNA damage, focusing on the canonical DNA double strand break‐induced ATM‐pathway, p53 and DNA damage induced checkpoints. We propose that the prostate might be more prone to the accumulation of genetic aberrations during epithelial regeneration than seminal vesicles due to a weaker ability to enforce DNA damage checkpoints.
The REE species and their distribution in ferromanganese crusts in the Sea of Japan
Authors: Astakhova N.V. , Sattarova V.V.
Published: June 2012

Polished sections of ferromanganese crusts on underwater rises in the Sea of Japan were studied with a JXA8100 microprobe analyser. Mineral phases of REE have been detected. They have Ln2O3 chemical composition, where Ln is La–Ce–Pr–Nd, La–Ce–Nd, or, much more rarely, La–Ce and La–Ce–Pr. With regard to the same chemical composition of REE grains in the ore crusts and basalts from Medvedev Volcano, it has been concluded that these REE were supplied during postvolcanic gas–hydrothermal processes.
Tectonic evolution of the Siberian paleocontinent from the Neoproterozoic to the Late Mesozoic: paleomagnetic record and reconstructions
Authors: Metelkin D.V. , Vernikovsky V.A. , Kazansky A.Yu.
Published: June 2012

In this paper we present the results of a generalization of paleomagnetic data for the territory of the Siberian craton and its folded framing that were obtained during the last fifteen years. We propose a new version of the apparent polar wander path for the Siberian continental plate, including the interval from the Mesoproterozoic–Neoproterozoic boundary up to the end of the Mesozoic. The constructed path forms the basis for new concepts on the tectonics of the Siberian paleocontinent and the paleooceans that surrounded it. We present a series of paleotectonic reconstructions based on paleomagnetic data, which not only displays the paleogeographic position of the Siberian continent, but also reveals the features of the tectonic evolution of its margins during the last billion years. In particular it has been established that large-scale strike-slip motions played an important role in the tectonic regime of the continental plate at all stages of its development.
Experimental modeling of the effect of relative thermal power on the shape of a plume conduit and the structure of free-convection flow in it
Authors: Kirdyashkin A.G. , Kirdyashkin A.A. , Gladkov I.N. , Distanov V.E.
Published: June 2012

The shape of a plume conduit produced by melting solid paraffin block above a local heat source was studied experimentally as a function of the relative thermal power of the plume Ka = N/N1, where N1 is the power of the plume source and N1 is the power corresponding to the amount of heat transferred by conduction through the plume conduit to the surrounding solid paraffin block. The limiting power of the plume source at which the plume erupts at the Earth’s surface (Nlim1 = (1.35–1.60) × 1010 W) and the power at which the mushroom-shaped plume head formed at the base of the refractory layer (Nlim2 = (1.78–1.90) × 1010 W) with no horizontal mantle flow were determined. The dependence of the diameter of the base of the plume on the Ka number was established. The Ka value and the diameter of the plume base were determined for the Hawaiian and Iceland plumes, for the plume responsible for the formation of the Tunguska syneclise and for the McKenzie and Central Atlantic continental plateau-basalt provinces and for the Ontong Java and Manihiki oceanic lava plateaus.
An Introduction to Buddhist Ethics
Authors: Harvey Peter
Published: June 2012

This systematic introduction to Buddhist ethics is aimed at anyone interested in Buddhism, including students, scholars and general readers. Peter Harvey is the author of the acclaimed Introduction to Buddhism (Cambridge, 1990), and his new book is written in a clear style, assuming no prior knowledge. At the same time it develops a careful, probing analysis of the nature and practical dynamics of Buddhist ethics in both its unifying themes and in the particularities of different Buddhist traditions. The book applies Buddhist ethics to a range of issues of contemporary concern: humanity's relationship with the rest of nature; economics; war and peace; euthanasia; abortion; the status of women; and homosexuality. Professor Harvey draws on texts of the main Buddhist traditions, and on historical and contemporary accounts of the behaviour of Buddhists, to describe existing Buddhist ethics, to assess different views within it, and to extend its application into new areas.
An Introduction to Continuum Mechanics
Authors: Reddy J. N.
Published: June 2012

This textbook on continuum mechanics reflects the modern view that scientists and engineers should be trained to think and work in multidisciplinary environments. A course on continuum mechanics introduces the basic principles of mechanics and prepares students for advanced courses in traditional and emerging fields such as biomechanics and nanomechanics. This text introduces the main concepts of continuum mechanics simply with rich supporting examples but does not compromise mathematically in providing the invariant form as well as component form of the basic equations and their applications to problems in elasticity, fluid mechanics, and heat transfer. The book is ideal for advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students. The book features: derivations of the basic equations of mechanics in invariant (vector and tensor) form and specializations of the governing equations to various coordinate systems; numerous illustrative examples; chapter-end summaries; and exercise problems to test and extend the understanding of concepts presented.
An Introduction to Feng Shui
Authors: Bruun Ole
Published: June 2012

Feng Shui has been known in the West for the last 150 years but has mostly been regarded as a primitive superstition. During the modern period successive regimes in China have suppressed its practice. However, in the last few decades Feng Shui has become a global spiritual movement with professional associations, thousands of titles published on the subject, countless websites devoted to it and millions of users.
In this book Ole Bruun explains Feng Shui's Chinese origins and meanings as well as its more recent Western interpretations and global appeal. Unlike the abundance of popular manuals, his Introduction treats Chinese Feng Shui as an academic subject, bridging religion, history and sociology. Individual chapters explain:
• the Chinese religious-philosophical background
• Chinese uses in rural and urban areas
• the history of Feng Shui's reinterpretation in the West
• environmental perspectives and other issues
An Introduction to Jewish-Christian Relations
Authors: Kessler Edward
Published: June 2012

Relations between Christians and Jews over the past two thousand years have been characterised to a great extent by mutual distrust and by Christian discrimination and violence against Jews. In recent decades, however, a new spirit of dialogue has been emerging, beginning with an awakening among Christians of the Jewish origins of Christianity, and encouraging scholars of both traditions to work together. An Introduction to Jewish-Christian Relations sheds fresh light on this ongoing interfaith encounter, exploring key writings and themes in Jewish-Christian history, from the Jewish context of the New Testament to major events of modern times, including the rise of ecumenism, the horrors of the Holocaust, and the creation of the state of Israel. This accessible theological and historical study also touches on numerous related areas such as Jewish and interfaith studies, philosophy, sociology, cultural studies, international relations and the political sciences.
An Introduction to Modeling of Transport Processes
Authors: Datta Ashim , Rakesh Vineet
Published: June 2012

Organised around problem solving, this book gently introduces the reader to computational simulation of biomedical transport processes, bridging fundamental theory with real-world applications. Using this book the reader will gain a complete foundation to the subject, starting with problem simplification, implementing it in software, through to interpreting the results, validation, and optimisation. Ten case studies, focusing on emerging areas such as thermal therapy and drug delivery, with easy to follow step-by-step instructions, provide ready-to-use templates for further applications. Solution process using the commonly used tool COMSOL Multiphysics is described in detail; useful biomedical property data and correlations are included; and background theory information is given at the end of the book for easy reference. A mixture of short and extended exercises make this book a complete course package for undergraduate and beginning graduate students in biomedical and biochemical engineering curricula, as well as a self-study guide.
Argumentation Schemes
Authors: Walton Douglas , Reed Christopher , Macagno Fabrizio
Published: June 2012

This book provides a systematic analysis of many common argumentation schemes and a compendium of 96 schemes. The study of these schemes, or forms of argument that capture stereotypical patterns of human reasoning, is at the core of argumentation research. Surveying all aspects of argumentation schemes from the ground up, the book takes the reader from the elementary exposition in the first chapter to the latest state of the art in the research efforts to formalize and classify the schemes, outlined in the last chapter. It provides a systematic and comprehensive account, with notation suitable for computational applications that increasingly make use of argumentation schemes.
Chaos in Dynamical Systems
Authors: Ott Edward
Published: June 2012

Over the past two decades scientists, mathematicians, and engineers have come to understand that a large variety of systems exhibit complicated evolution with time. This complicated behavior is known as chaos. In the new edition of this classic textbook Edward Ott has added much new material and has significantly increased the number of homework problems. The most important change is the addition of a completely new chapter on control and synchronization of chaos. Other changes include new material on riddled basins of attraction, phase locking of globally coupled oscillators, fractal aspects of fluid advection by Lagrangian chaotic flows, magnetic dynamos, and strange nonchaotic attractors. This new edition will be of interest to advanced undergraduates and graduate students in science, engineering, and mathematics taking courses in chaotic dynamics, as well as to researchers in the subject.
Chaotic Dynamics
Authors: Tél Tamás , Gruiz Márton
Published: June 2012

In the past few decades we have come to understand that even motions in simple systems can have complex and surprising properties. Chaotic Dynamics provides a clear introduction to these chaotic phenomena, based on geometrical interpretations and simple arguments, without the need for prior in-depth scientific and mathematical knowledge. Richly illustrated throughout, examples are taken from classical mechanics whose elementary laws are familiar to the reader. In order to emphasize the general features of chaos, the most important relations are also given in simple mathematical forms, independent of any mechanical interpretation. A broad range of potential applications are presented, ranging from everyday phenomena through engineering and environmental problems to astronomical aspects. Chaos occurs in a variety of scientific disciplines, and proves to be the rule, not the exception. This book is primarily intended for undergraduate students in science, engineering, and mathematics.
Chemical Biophysics
Authors: Beard Daniel A. , Qian Hong
Published: June 2012

Chemical Biophysics provides an engineering-based approach to biochemical system analysis for graduate-level courses on systems biology, computational bioengineering and molecular biophysics. It is the first textbook to apply rigorous physical chemistry principles to mathematical and computational modeling of biochemical systems for an interdisciplinary audience. The book is structured to show the student the basic biophysical concepts before applying this theory to computational modeling and analysis, building up to advanced topics and research. Topics explored include the kinetics of nonequilibrium open biological systems, enzyme mediated reactions, metabolic networks, biological transport processes, large-scale biochemical networks and stochastic processes in biochemical systems. End-of-chapter exercises range from confidence-building calculations to computational simulation projects.
Christianity and Roman Society
Authors: Clark Gillian
Published: June 2012

Early Christianity in the context of Roman society raises important questions for historians, sociologists of religion and theologians alike. This work explores the differing perspectives arising from a changing social and academic culture. Key issues concerning early Christianity are addressed, such as how early Christian accounts of pagans, Jews and heretics can be challenged and the degree to which Christian groups offered support to their members and to those in need. The work examines how non-Christians reacted to the spectacle of martyrdom and to Christian reverence for relics. Questions are also raised about why some Christians encouraged others to abandon wealth, status and gender-roles for extreme ascetic lifestyles and about whether Christian preachers trained in classical culture offered moral education to all or only to the social elite. The interdisciplinary and thematic approach offers the student of early Christianity a comprehensive treatment of its role and influence in Roman society.
3-D Computer Graphics
Authors: Buss Samuel R.
Published: June 2012

This textbook, first published in 2003, emphasises the fundamentals and the mathematics underlying computer graphics. The minimal prerequisites, a basic knowledge of calculus and vectors plus some programming experience in C or C++, make the book suitable for self study or for use as an advanced undergraduate or introductory graduate text. The author gives a thorough treatment of transformations and viewing, lighting and shading models, interpolation and averaging, Bézier curves and B-splines, ray tracing and radiosity, and intersection testing with rays. Additional topics, covered in less depth, include texture mapping and colour theory. The book covers some aspects of animation, including quaternions, orientation, and inverse kinematics, and includes source code for a Ray Tracing software package. The book is intended for use along with any OpenGL programming book, but the crucial features of OpenGL are briefly covered to help readers get up to speed. Accompanying software is available freely from the book's web site.
Fracture Mechanics
Authors: Wei Robert P.
Published: June 2012

Fracture and 'slow' crack growth reflect the response of a material (i.e. its microstructure) to the conjoint actions of mechanical and chemical driving forces and are affected by temperature. There is therefore a need for quantitative understanding and modeling of the influences of chemical and thermal environments and of microstructure, in terms of the key internal and external variables, and for their incorporation into design and probabilistic implications. This text, which the author has used in a fracture mechanics course for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, is based on the work of the author's Lehigh University team whose integrative research combined fracture mechanics, surface and electrochemistry, materials science, and probability and statistics to address a range of fracture safety and durability issues on aluminum, ferrous, nickel, and titanium alloys and ceramics. Examples are included to highlight the approach and applicability of the findings in practical durability and reliability problems.
French Philosophy in the Twentieth Century
Authors: Gutting Gary
Published: June 2012

In this book Gary Gutting tells, clearly and comprehensively, the story of French philosophy from 1890 to 1990. He examines the often neglected background of spiritualism, university idealism, and early philosophy of science, and also discusses the privileged role of philosophy in the French education system. Taking account of this background, together with the influences of avant-garde literature and German philosophy, he develops a rich account of existential phenomenology, which he argues is the central achievement of French thought during the century, and of subsequent structuralist and poststructuralist developments. His discussion includes chapters on Bergson, Sartre, Beauvoir, Merleau-Ponty, Foucault, and Derrida, with sections on other major thinkers including Lyotard, Deleuze, Irigaray, Levinas, and Ricoeur. He offers challenging analyses of the often misunderstood relationship between existential phenomenology and structuralism and of the emergence of poststructuralism. Finally, he sketches the major current trends of French philosophy.
From Finite Sample to Asymptotic Methods in Statistics
Authors: Sen Pranab K. , Singer Julio M. , Pedroso de Lima Antonio C.
Published: June 2012

Exact statistical inference may be employed in diverse fields of science and technology. As problems become more complex and sample sizes become larger, mathematical and computational difficulties can arise that require the use of approximate statistical methods. Such methods are justified by asymptotic arguments but are still based on the concepts and principles that underlie exact statistical inference. With this in perspective, this book presents a broad view of exact statistical inference and the development of asymptotic statistical inference, providing a justification for the use of asymptotic methods for large samples. Methodological results are developed on a concrete and yet rigorous mathematical level and are applied to a variety of problems that include categorical data, regression, and survival analyses. This book is designed as a textbook for advanced undergraduate or beginning graduate students in statistics, biostatistics, or applied statistics but may also be used as a reference for academic researchers.
Galaxies in the Universe An Introduction
Authors: Sparke Linda S. , Gallagher, III John S.
Published: June 2012

This extensively illustrated book presents the astrophysics of galaxies since their beginnings in the early Universe. It has been thoroughly revised to take into account the most recent observational data, and recent discoveries such as dark energy. There are new sections on galaxy clusters, gamma ray bursts and supermassive black holes. The authors explore the basic properties of stars and the Milky Way before working out towards nearby galaxies and the distant Universe. They discuss the structures of galaxies and how galaxies have developed, and relate this to the evolution of the Universe. The book also examines ways of observing galaxies across the whole electromagnetic spectrum, and explores dark matter and its gravitational pull on matter and light. This book is self-contained and includes several homework problems with hints. It is ideal for advanced undergraduate students in astronomy and astrophysics.
Human Rights and their Limits
Authors: Osiatyński Wiktor
Published: June 2012

Human Rights and their Limits shows that the concept of human rights has developed in waves: each call for rights served the purpose of social groups that tried to stop further proliferation of rights once their own goals were reached. While defending the universality of human rights as norms of behavior, Osiatyński admits that the philosophy on human rights does not need to be universal. Instead he suggests that the enjoyment of social rights should be contingent upon the recipient's contribution to society. He calls for a 'soft universalism' that will not impose rights on others but will share the experience of freedom and help the victims of violations. Although a state of unlimited democracy threatens rights, the excess of rights can limit resources indispensable for democracy. This book argues that, although rights are a prerequisite of freedom, they should be balanced with other values that are indispensable for social harmony and personal happiness.
Informal Logic
Authors: Walton Douglas
Published: June 2012

Second edition of the introductory guidebook to the basic principles of constructing sound arguments and criticising bad ones. Non-technical in approach, it is based on 186 examples, which Douglas Walton, a leading authority in the field of informal logic, discusses and evaluates in clear, illustrative detail. Walton explains how errors, fallacies, and other key failures of argument occur. He shows how correct uses of argument are based on sound strategies for reasoned persuasion and critical responses. This edition takes into account many developments in the field of argumentation study that have occurred since 1989, many created by the author. Drawing on these developments, Walton includes and analyzes 36 new topical examples and also brings in work on argumentation schemes. Ideally suited for use in courses in informal logic and introduction to philosophy, this book will also be valuable to students of pragmatics, rhetoric, and speech communication.
Introduction to Computational Genomics
Authors: Cristianini Nello , Hahn Matthew W.
Published: June 2012

Where did SARS come from? Have we inherited genes from Neanderthals? How do plants use their internal clock? The genomic revolution in biology enables us to answer such questions. But the revolution would have been impossible without the support of powerful computational and statistical methods that enable us to exploit genomic data. Many universities are introducing courses to train the next generation of bioinformaticians: biologists fluent in mathematics and computer science, and data analysts familiar with biology. This readable and entertaining book, based on successful taught courses, provides a roadmap to navigate entry to this field. It guides the reader through key achievements of bioinformatics, using a hands-on approach. Statistical sequence analysis, sequence alignment, hidden Markov models, gene and motif finding and more, are introduced in a rigorous yet accessible way. A companion website provides the reader with Matlab-related software tools for reproducing the steps demonstrated in the book.
Legacies of Crime
Authors: Giordano Peggy C.
Published: June 2012

Legacies of Crime explores the lives of seriously delinquent girls and boys in the United States who were followed over a twenty-year period as they grew to adulthood. In-depth interviews with these women and men and their children - a majority now adolescents themselves - depict the adults' economic and social disadvantages and continued criminal involvement, and in turn the unique vulnerabilities of their children. Giordano identifies family dynamics that foster the intergenerational transmission of crime, violence, and drug abuse, rejecting the notion that such continuities are based solely on genetic similarities or even lax, inconsistent parenting. The author breaks new ground in directly exploring - and in the process revising - the basic tenets of classic social learning theories, and confronting the complications associated with the parent's gender. Legacies of Crime also identifies factors associated with resilience in the face of what is often a formidable package of risks favoring intergenerational continuity.
Managing International Business in China
Authors: Tian Xiaowen
Published: June 2012

With the rise of China in the world economy, investors from all over the world are moving to explore business opportunities in this market. Managing international business in a transition economy like China is a daunting challenge. Tian presents a practical guide to major managerial issues faced by foreign investors in the China market including strategic management of Guanxi, entry mode selection, alliance management, negotiation with Chinese partners, human resource management, marketing management, protection of intellectual property rights, and corporate financial management. These issues are analyzed in the light of relevant theoretical models of international business, with reference to current management practices of transnational corporations operating in China. With up-to-date case studies, questions for discussion and recommended readings at the end of each chapter, this book can be used as a textbook for postgraduate programmes in international business or other management disciplines, and as a textbook for executive training programmes.
Programming in Haskell
Authors: Hutton Graham
Published: June 2012

Haskell is one of the leading languages for teaching functional programming, enabling students to write simpler and cleaner code, and to learn how to structure and reason about programs. This introduction is ideal for beginners: it requires no previous programming experience and all concepts are explained from first principles via carefully chosen examples. Each chapter includes exercises that range from the straightforward to extended projects, plus suggestions for further reading on more advanced topics. The author is a leading Haskell researcher and instructor, well-known for his teaching skills. The presentation is clear and simple, and benefits from having been refined and class-tested over several years. The result is a text that can be used with courses, or for self-learning. Features include freely accessible Powerpoint slides for each chapter, solutions to exercises and examination questions (with solutions) available to instructors, and a downloadable code that's fully compliant with the latest Haskell release.
Psychological Testing
Authors: Domino George , Domino Marla L.
Published: June 2012

This book is an introductory text to the field of psychological testing primarily suitable for undergraduate students in psychology, education, business, and related fields. This book will also be of interest to graduate students who have not had a prior exposure to psychological testing and to professionals such as lawyers who need to consult a useful source. Psychological Testing is clearly written, well-organized, comprehensive, and replete with illustrative materials. In addition to the basic topics, the text covers in detail topics that are often neglected by other texts such as cross-cultural testing, the issue of faking tests, the impact of computers and the use of tests to assess positive behaviors such as creativity.
Public Finance and Public Policy
Authors: Hillman Arye L.
Published: June 2012

The second edition of Public Finance and Public Policy retains the first edition's themes of investigation of responsibilities and limitations of government. The present edition has been rewritten and restructured. Public choice and political economy concepts and political and bureaucratic principal-agent problems are introduced at the beginning for application to later topics. Fairness, envy, hyperbolic discounting, and other concepts of behavioral economics are integrated throughout. The consequences of asymmetric information and the tradeoff between efficiency and ex-post equality are recurring themes. Key themes investigated are markets and governments, institutions and governance, public goods, public finance for public goods, market corrections (externalities and paternalist public policies), voting, social justice, entitlements and equality of opportunity, choice of taxation, and the need for government. The purpose of the book is to provide an accessible introduction to the use of public finance and public policy to improve on market outcomes.