bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gravity-driven sliding and associated deformations along complex submarine slopes: a laboratory modeling approach based on constraints observed offshore Martinique Island (Lesser Antilles)
Authors: Brunet Morgane , Nalpas Thierry , Hallot Erwan , Le Friant Anne , Boudon Georges , Kermarrec Jean-Jacques
Published: June 2023

Submarine gravity-driven sliding of sediments are common processes in the vicinity of volcanic islands. In the Lesser Antilles arc, the Montagne Pelée volcano on Martinique Island underwent several flank-collapse events during its long-term eruptive history, resulting in debris avalanches. When the debris avalanches entered into the seawater, they were emplaced over the unstable slope of the volcano, triggering a seafloor sediment failure and massive landslides downslope. Using a laboratory modeling approach, we simulated the gravity-driven sliding of a sand layer lying above a silicone layer. The experiments were performed using various slope geometries (slope lengths and number of slope breaks separating the slopes with different angles), under both dry and aqueous conditions, and while varying the amount of additional sand inputs upslope. The resulting deformations were characterized in each experiment in order to compare the obtained structures with those shown by the seismic lines offshore to the west of Martinique Island. During all the experiments, a compressional frontal deformation zone made of several reverse faults formed downslope, often near the slope breaks. Downslope, a portion of the sediments was mostly displaced and poorly deformed in a damping zone, while an extensional deformation zone formed upslope. The displacements of the surficial markers were measured through time to characterize the sliding dynamics. Our study demonstrates that the slope geometry and additional sand inputs primarily favor and increase the sliding deformation, whereas the hydrostatic pressure plays a secondary catalytic role over time. These results provide new constraints on the driving factors and their consequences on gravity-driven sliding in terms of deformations and runout distance over time. This may have a significant impact on the associated hazard assessment related to offshore infrastructures, in a region known for its seismic and volcanic risks.
Computational and experimental research on the performance of ECRIT ion source with nitrogen propellant
Authors: TAN Renwei , YANG Juan , MOU Hao , WU Xianming
Published: June 2023

Electron cyclotron resonance ion thruster (ECRIT) with a diameter of 2 cm has the characteristics of no hot cathode and high specific impulse, which is suitable for the air-breathing electric propulsion system. In order to adapt to the atmospheric composition characteristics of nitrogen and oxygen in low orbit, the computational and experimental research on the performance of the ECRIT ion sourse with nitrogen propellant is an important basis for analyzing the feasibility of applying ECRIT to the air-breathing electric propulsion system. In this paper, the global model of the nitrogen ECRIT ion source with a diameter of 2 cm is established to calculate its performance. Then, the computational results are compared with the experimental results to analyze the difference. The research results show that when the input power of the ion source is 8 W and the gas flow rate is 2 ml/min, the computational and experimental results of the extracted ion beam current and thrust reach the maximum with the extracted beam current of 16.2 and 12.5 mA and the thrust of 476.6 and 368 μN, respectively. When the input power is 8 W and the gas flow rate is 0.6 ml/min, the computational and experimental results of the specific impulse are 2 095.8 and 1 855.6 s, both reaching the maximum value. The relative errors between the computational and experimental results of the extracted ion beam current, thrust and specific impulse all range from 2% to 32%. When the input power and gas flow rate used are 8 W and 1 ml/min in calculation, and 8 W and 0.8 ml/min in experiment, the ion source is on the optimal operating state. At this situation, the computational and experimental propellant utilization efficiencies with 17.8% and 16.2% respectively are high, and the ion energy loss with 443.9 and 596.2 W/A respectively is low.
Research on a class-incremental learning method based on sonar images
Authors: CHEN Xinzhe , LIANG Hong , XU Weiyu
Published: June 2023

Due to the low resolution and the small number of samples of sonar images, the existing class incremental learning networks have a serious problem of catastrophic forgetting of historical task targets, resulting in a low average recognition rate of all task targets. Based on the framework model of generated replay, an improved class incremental learning network is proposed in this paper, and a new deep convolution generative adversarial network is designed and built to replace the variational autoencoder as the reconstruction model of generated replay incremental network to improve the effect of image reconstruction; a new convolution neural network is constructed to replace the multi-layer perception as the recognition network of generated replay incremental network to improve the performance of image classification and recognition. The results show that the improved generated replay incremental network alleviates the problem of catastrophic forgetting of historical task targets, and the average recognition rate for all task targets is significantly improved.
A Bayesian network structure learning method for optimizing ordering search operator
Authors: JIA Liuna , DONG Mianmian , HE Chuchao , DI Ruohai , LI Xiaoyan
Published: June 2023

Local search algorithm in ordering space is a good method which can effectively improve the efficiency of bayesian network structure learning. However, the existing algorithms usually have problems such as insufficient order optimization, low learning accuracy, and easy stop at a local optimal. In order to solve these problems, the local search algorithm in ordering space is studied, and a new method to improve the accuracy of bayesian network structure learning by optimizing order search operator is proposed. Combining the iterative local search algorithm with the window operator to search the neighborhood of a given order in the ordering space, the probability of the algorithm falling into the local optimal value is reduced, and the network structure with higher quality is obtained. Experimental results show that comparing with the bayesian network structure learning algorithm in network structure space, the learning efficiency of the present algorithm is improved by 54.12%. Comparing with the bayesian network structure learning algorithm in ordering space, the learning accuracy of the present algorithm is improved by 2.33%.
Sols, sciences et recherches participatives : comment consolider et fédérer le foisonnement d’initiatives en France ?
Authors: Gascuel Chantal , Loiseau-Dubosc Philippe , Auclerc Apolline , Bougon Nolwenn , Caquet Thierry , Lerouyer Valérie , Pierart Antoine , Ranjard Lionel , Resche-Rigon Frédérique , Roturier Christophe , Sauter Joëlle , Serin Ludovic
Published: June 2023

Dans le contexte du développement des sciences et recherches participatives (SRP), de plus en plus d’initiatives sur les sols ont été engagées ces dernières années. Les sols sont des objets particulièrement intéressants pour les SRP car, en tant qu’écosystème en interface directe avec les hommes et d’autres écosystèmes, ils sont affectés par les activités humaines et ils sont des leviers de transformation, que ce soit du point de vue de l’agroécologie, de la biodiversité, de l’alimentation ou du climat. Cet article présente : i) les résultats d’une enquête réalisée auprès de la vingtaine de porteurs de projets identifiés en France, une analyse des propriétés et contextes ciblés ainsi que du niveau d’association des acteurs de la recherche et de la société ; ii) les enseignements d’un colloque rassemblant les acteurs des projets de SRP sur les sols, notamment à propos des attentes, des productions pour la recherche et la société, des difficultés et pépites, des mutualisations possibles. Ce colloque a rassemblé une centaine de personnes et a jeté les bases d’une mise en réseau national des acteurs concernés.
Ulna Shortening Osteotomy Combined Arthroscopy augmentation for Ulnar Impaction Syndrome: A prospective Analysis
Authors: Aita Marcio Aurelio , Cardoso Rodrigo Domiciano , da Silva Clovis Rodrigo Braz Pereira , Almeida Gabriel Costa , Biondi Bruno Gianordoli , Oliveira Ricardo Kaempf
Published: June 2023

Resumén

Objetivo Este estudio tuvo como objetivo mostrar los resultados clínicos y reportados por los pacientes obtenidos con osteotomía de acortamiento cubital (OAC) combinada con artroscopia en síndromes de impactación cubital (SIC) en pacientes activos.

Materiales y Métodos En este estudio clínico prospectivo, se asignó a 13 pacientes a someterse a osteotomía de acortamiento cubital (OAC) definitiva combinada con artroscopia para el síndrome de impactación cubital (SIC). La fuerza de agarre, el rango de movimiento (ROM), la medida de resultado de discapacidades del brazo, el hombro y la mano (QuickDASH), la puntuación de la escala analógica visual (EVA) para el dolor y las características radiográficas se evaluaron a los 6 y 12 meses.

Descripción de la técnica Se utiliza una incisión longitudinal para exponer el cúbito. Se preperfora un sistema de acortamiento de cúbito específico para realizar osteotomías separadas por la longitud de acortamiento deseada. Posteriormente, realización de artroscopia de muñeca para realizar técnica de microfractura en el semilunar, piramidal, cabeza de cúbito con punción específica (Chondro Pick,20° by Arthrex®, Na-ples,USA). Se reparó complejo del fibrocartílago triangular (CFCT) y lunopiramidal (LP).

Resultados EVA 2.77. La media de QuickDASH fue de 4. Dos pacientes presentaron retraso en la consolidación y se resolvieron con tratamiento no quirúrgico.

Conclusión Se encontró que la OAC con artroscopia es un método de tratamiento definitivo, seguro y confiable para SIC en pacientes activos. Los resultados de la EVA y la fuerza de prensión predicen la restauración de la capacidad de los pacientes activos para realizar las actividades de la vida diaria (AVD) de forma independientes.
Pequeños Fragmentos – Grandes Problemas: El Rol de los “Little BITs” en la Fractura del Radio Distal
Authors: Azócar Camila , Cifras José Luis , Orellana Pablo , Corvalán Gonzalo , Durán Gabriel , Liendo Rodrigo
Published: June 2023

Introducción En la fractura intraarticular del radio distal existen fragmentos que son especialmente complejos por su dificultad en la síntesis o su importancia en la estabilidad articular. Los Little BITs hacen referencia a estos fragmentos pequeños que hay que BUSCAR dirigidamente, IDENTIFICAR de manera adecuada y TRATAR correctamente. Definimos como Little BITs al fragmento dorsal ulnar pequeño (FDU), al hundimiento radial o de la porción central (HR) y al fragmento pequeño o conminuto del volar rim (FVR). El objetivo de este trabajo es describir los Little BITs y determinar su frecuencia en las fracturas intraarticulares del radio distal. Además, proponemos alternativas quirúrgicas para su manejo.

Método Estudio retrospectivo de evaluación de registros clínicos e imagenológicos de una serie de 201 pacientes operados por fractura del radio distal. Se evaluaron variables demográficas, clasificación AO y presencia de los Little BITs en la tomografía computada.

Resultados Se incluyeron 173 pacientes, 60% de sexo masculino con edad promedio de 48,5 años. 96,5% correspondían a fracturas tipo C de la AO. 61,3% de las fracturas tenían al menos un Little BITs, siendo el FDU el más frecuente (35,3%) seguido por el FVR (24,3%) y finalmente el HR (13,3%). Solo 2 fracturas contaban con los 3 Little BITs de manera simultánea.

Conclusión Los Little BITs son frecuentes en la fractura intraarticular del radio distal estando presentes en un 61,3% de nuestra serie.
Luxación Volar Bloqueada de la Articulación Metacarpofalángica del Pulgar. Reducción Abierta con Técnica WALANT
Authors: González Beatriz Hernández , Balvís Patricia Balvís , Núñez Constantino Iglesias
Published: June 2023

Presentamos el caso clínico de una paciente que sufre una luxación volar de la articulación metacarpofalángica (MCF) del pulgar en la mano izquierda. Objetivamos la necesidad de reducción abierta dada la severa inestabilidad articular asociada, por la rotura del ligamento colateral cubital (LCC) y la interposición de partes blandas. Para la revisión quirúrgica utilizamos la técnica WALANT, técnica anestésica empleada en cirugías de miembro superior que está demostrando importantes ventajas respecto a las técnicas habituales.
Study on the characteristics of different species in the vacuum arc devices with deuteride cathode
Authors: Zhang Zhefeng , Wang Lijun , Chen Jieli , Wang Zhiwei , Que Jilei
Published: June 2023

To study the physical mechanism of the separation between heavy and light species in the vacuum arc devices with deuteride cathodes, a three-fluid model based on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) theory is established. In the model, different kinds of species are considered to be different kinds of fluids, and their physical parameters are calculated separately. Moreover, the distribution of arc current is calculated by the generalized Ohm's law, and the ionization and recombination of species are taken into account. In the paper, the two cases where the cathode is Zr or ZrD0.67 are simulated, respectively. The results show that in the case of ZrD0.67 cathode, the separation of light and heavy species is remarkable. Because of D's lighter mass and lower mass-to-charge ratio, the distribution of it is more uniform. In addition, the differences between species also lead to large differences in other physical characteristics, such as ion velocity, ion temperature, and so on. Notably, the desorption and ionization of deuterium lead to a decrease in plasma temperature. The self-generated magnetic field of the arc has an inhibitory effect on the expansion of each species, and it is more obvious for ions with lower mass-to-charge ratio. The simulation results are consistent with the experimental results. The theoretical analysis can provide theoretical guidance for the improvement of vacuum arc devices with composite or gas-saturated cathodes.
Prolongation structure of supersymmetric nonlinear equation and its Bäcklund transformation
Authors: Jia Yangjie , Wang Shen , Maduojie Ban
Published: June 2023

The Heisenberg supermagnet model is a supersymmetric system and has a close relationship with the strong electron-correlated Hubbard model. In this paper, the supersymmetric prolongation structure is used to analyze the high order supersymmetric nonlinear equation. The Lax representation is constructed for the prolongation algebra of this equation. The Bäcklund transformation of the supersymmetric nonlinear Schrödinger equation is obtained by simplified calculation.
A theory of physiological similarity in muscle-driven motion
Authors: Labonte David
Published: June 2023

Muscle contraction is the primary source of all animal movement. I show that the maximum mechanical output of such contractions is determined by a characteristic dimensionless number, the “effective inertia,”Γ, defined by a small set of mechanical, physiological, and anatomical properties of the interrogated musculoskeletal complex. Different musculoskeletal systems with equalΓmay be considered physiologically similar, in the sense that maximum performance involves equal fractions of the muscle’s maximum strain rate, strain capacity, work, and power density. It can be demonstrated that there exists a unique, “optimal” musculoskeletal anatomy which enables a unit volume of muscle to deliver maximum work and power simultaneously, corresponding toΓclose to unity. External forces truncate the mechanical performance space accessible to muscle by introducing parasitic losses, and subtly alter how musculoskeletal anatomy modulates muscle performance, challenging canonical notions of skeletal force–velocity trade-offs.Γvaries systematically under isogeometric transformations of musculoskeletal systems, a result which provides fundamental insights into the key determinants of animal locomotor performance across scales.
Individual costs and societal benefits of interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Traulsen Arne , Levin Simon A. , Saad-Roy Chadi M.
Published: June 2023

Individual and societal reactions to an ongoing pandemic can lead to social dilemmas: In some cases, each individual is tempted to not follow an intervention, but for the whole society, it would be best if they did. Now that in most countries, the extent of regulations to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission is very small, interventions are driven by individual decision-making. Assuming that individuals act in their best own interest, we propose a framework in which this situation can be quantified, depending on the protection the intervention provides to a user and to others, the risk of getting infected, and the costs of the intervention. We discuss when a tension between individual and societal benefits arises and which parameter comparisons are important to distinguish between different regimes of intervention use.
Sodium channel subpopulations with distinct biophysical properties and subcellular localization enhance cardiac conduction
Authors: Weinberg Seth H.
Published: June 2023

Sodium (Na+) current is responsible for the rapid depolarization of cardiac myocytes that triggers the cardiac action potential upstroke. Recent studies have illustrated the presence of multiple pools of Na+ channels with distinct biophysical properties and subcellular localization, including clustering of channels at the intercalated disk and along the lateral membrane. Computational studies predict that Na+ channel clusters at the intercalated disk can regulate cardiac conduction via modulation of the narrow intercellular cleft between electrically coupled myocytes. However, these studies have primarily focused on the redistribution of Na+ channels between intercalated disk and lateral membranes and have not considered the distinct biophysical properties of the Na+ channel subpopulations. In this study, we use computational modeling to simulate computational models of single cardiac cells and one-dimensional cardiac tissues and predict the function of distinct Na+ channel subpopulations. Single-cell simulations predict that a subpopulation of Na+ channels with shifted steady-state activation and inactivation voltage dependency promotes an earlier action potential upstroke. In cardiac tissues that account for distinct subcellular spatial localization, simulations predict that shifted Na+ channels contribute to faster and more robust conduction in response to changes in tissue structure (i.e., cleft width), gap junctional coupling, and rapid pacing rates. Simulations predict that the intercalated disk-localized shifted Na+ channels contribute proportionally more to total Na+ charge than lateral membrane-localized Na+ channels. Importantly, our work supports the hypothesis that Na+ channel redistribution may be a critical mechanism by which cells can respond to perturbations to support fast and robust conduction.
Pivoting to a new view of tropomyosin movement
Authors: Short Ben
Published: June 2023

JGP study (Lehman and Rynkiewicz. 2023. J. Gen. Physiol.https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.202313387) suggests that tropomyosin regulates the crossbridge cycle in muscle by pivoting around relatively fixed points on actin thin filaments.
A novel bearing fault diagnosis method under small samples using time-frequency multi-scale convolution layer and hybrid attention mechanism module
Authors: Xie Jingsong , Lin Mingqi , Yang Buyao , Guo Zhibin , Jiang Xingguo , Wang Tiantian
Published: June 2023

Deep neural networks for bearing fault diagnosis have become the focus of research in recent years with its excellent feature extraction capability. However, the problem of diagnosis under small samples still needs to be solved in industrial applications, because bearings rarely work in the fault state in practice, resulting in the scarcity of fault data. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a new diagnosis model, a time-frequency multi-scale attention network, which structure allows the original signal and its transformed spectrum to be used as the input in parallel. A multi-scale convolutional layer is also designed to extract information from the signal at different scales to enhance the feature extraction capability of the network. In addition, a hybrid attention mechanism is added to integrate the redundant features and realize the complementarity between features. The experimental results of seven bearing diagnosis cases from two bearings show that the proposed method can achieve high diagnostic accuracy under small samples, which proves the superiority of the proposed method. The time domain signal and frequency domain signal were respectively used as input to train the model. By comparing the accuracy with the time-frequency combined signal as input, the superiority of the time-frequency domain signal as input is proved.
Measurement of the time structure of FLASH beams using prompt gamma rays and secondary neutrons as surrogates
Authors: Charyyev Serdar , Liu Ruirui , Yang Xiaofeng , Zhou Jun , Dhabaan Anees , Dynan William S , Oancea Cristina , Lin Liyong
Published: June 2023

Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of online monitoring of irradiation time (IRT) and scan time for FLASH proton radiotherapy using a pixelated semiconductor detector. Approach. Measurements of the time structure of FLASH irradiations were performed using fast, pixelated spectral detectors based on the Timepix3 (TPX3) chips with two architectures: AdvaPIX-TPX3 and Minipix-TPX3. The latter has a fraction of its sensor coated with a material to increase sensitivity to neutrons. With little or no dead time and an ability to resolve events that are closely spaced in time (tens of nanoseconds), both detectors can accurately determine IRTs as long as pulse pile-up is avoided. To avoid pulse pile-up, the detectors were placed well beyond the Bragg peak or at a large scattering angle. Prompt gamma rays and secondary neutrons were registered in the detectors’ sensors and IRTs were calculated based on timestamps of the first charge carriers (beam-on) and the last charge carriers (beam-off). In addition, scan times in x, y, and diagonal directions were measured. The experiment was carried out for various setups: (i) a single spot, (ii) a small animal field, (iii) a patient field, and (iv) an experiment using an anthropomorphic phantom to demonstrate in vivo online monitoring of IRT. All measurements were compared to vendor log files. Main results. Differences between measurements and log files for a single spot, a small animal field, and a patient field were within 1%, 0.3% and 1%, respectively. In vivo monitoring of IRTs (95–270 ms) was accurate within 0.1% for AdvaPIX-TPX3 and within 6.1% for Minipix-TPX3. The scan times in x, y, and diagonal directions were 4.0, 3.4, and 4.0 ms, respectively. Significance. Overall, the AdvaPIX-TPX3 can measure FLASH IRTs within 1% accuracy, indicating that prompt gamma rays are a good surrogate for primary protons. The Minipix-TPX3 showed a somewhat higher discrepancy, likely due to the late arrival of thermal neutrons to the detector sensor and lower readout speed. The scan times (3.4 ± 0.05 ms) in the 60 mm distance of y-direction were slightly less than (4.0 ± 0.06 ms) in the 24 mm distance of x-direction, confirming the much faster scanning speed of the Y magnets than that of X. Diagonal scan speed was limited by the slower X magnets.
A method to implement inter-track interactions in Monte Carlo simulations with TOPAS-nBio and their influence on simulated radical yields following water radiolysis
Authors: Derksen Larissa , Flatten Veronika , Engenhart-Cabillic Rita , Zink Klemens , Baumann Kilian-Simon
Published: June 2023

Objective. In FLASH radiotherapy (dose rates ≥40 Gy s−1), a reduced normal tissue toxicity has been observed, while maintaining the same tumor control compared to conventional radiotherapy (dose rates ≤0.03 Gy s−1). This protecting effect could not be fully explained yet. One assumption is that interactions between the chemicals of different primary ionizing particles, so-called inter-track interactions, trigger this outcome. In this work, we included inter-track interactions in Monte Carlo track structure simulations and investigated the yield of chemicals (G-value) produced by ionizing particles. Approach. For the simulations, we used the Monte Carlo toolkit TOPAS, in which inter-track interactions cannot be implemented without further effort. Thus, we developed a method enabling the simultaneous simulation of N original histories in one event allowing chemical species to interact with each other. To investigate the effect of inter-track interactions we analyzed the G-value of different chemicals using various radiation sources. We used electrons with an energy of 60 eV in different spatial arrangements as well as a 10 MeV and 100 MeV proton source. For electrons we set N between 1 and 60, for protons between 1 and 100. Main results. In all simulations, the total G-value decreases with increasing N. In detail, the G-value for •OH , H3O and eaq decreases with increasing N, whereas the G-value of OH− , H2O2 and H2 increases slightly. The reason is that with increasing N, the concentration of chemical radicals increases allowing for more chemical reactions between the radicals resulting in a change of the dynamics of the chemical stage. Significance. Inter-track interactions resulting in a variation of the yield of chemical species, may be a factor explaining the FLASH effect. To verify this hypothesis, further simulations are necessary in order to evaluate the impact of varying G-values on the yield of DNA damages.
A unified hybrid transformer for joint MRI sequences super-resolution and missing data imputation
Authors: Wang Yulin , Hu Haifeng , Yu Shangqian , Yang Yuxin , Guo Yihao , Song Xiaopeng , Chen Feng , Liu Qian
Published: June 2023

Objective. High-resolution multi-modal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is crucial in clinical practice for accurate diagnosis and treatment. However, challenges such as budget constraints, potential contrast agent deposition, and image corruption often limit the acquisition of multiple sequences from a single patient. Therefore, the development of novel methods to reconstruct under-sampled images and synthesize missing sequences is crucial for clinical and research applications. Approach. In this paper, we propose a unified hybrid framework called SIFormer, which utilizes any available low-resolution MRI contrast configurations to complete super-resolution (SR) of poor-quality MR images and impute missing sequences simultaneously in one forward process. SIFormer consists of a hybrid generator and a convolution-based discriminator. The generator incorporates two key blocks. First, the dual branch attention block combines the long-range dependency building capability of the transformer with the high-frequency local information capture capability of the convolutional neural network in a channel-wise split manner. Second, we introduce a learnable gating adaptation multi-layer perception in the feed-forward block to optimize information transmission efficiently. Main results. Comparative evaluations against six state-of-the-art methods demonstrate that SIFormer achieves enhanced quantitative performance and produces more visually pleasing results for image SR and synthesis tasks across multiple datasets. Significance. Extensive experiments conducted on multi-center multi-contrast MRI datasets, including both healthy individuals and brain tumor patients, highlight the potential of our proposed method to serve as a valuable supplement to MRI sequence acquisition in clinical and research settings.
Influence NiO on the structure, elastic properties and buildup factor of BaO-CdO-borosilicate glasses
Authors: Sayyed M I , Abdo M A , Ali H Elhosiny , Ahmed H. A. , Sadeq M S
Published: June 2023

In this work, the structure, elasticity parameters, and buildup factor of borosilicate glasses doped with BaO, CdO and NiO have been studied. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy was utilized to study the internal structure of the present system. IR spectra are broad, especially since the superposition between the borate and silicate occurs in the same spectral region. A deconvolution process was carried out to extract these spectra into their individual bands. The values of tetrahedrally-coordinated boron atoms ratio (

N

4

) barely increased from 37.9% for 1 mol% of NiO to 39.5% for 4 mol% of NiO. This increase indicates the transformation of three coordinated boron atoms (

BO

3

) to four coordinated boron atoms (

BO

4

) units with further NiO additions. The

N

4

values were used along with the dissociation energies density and packing density parameters to calculate the elastic moduli; Young, shear, bulk, and Poisson ratio. The obtained values of Young’s modulus increase with further NiO additions. This increased behavior of Young’s modulus demonstrates the augmented ability of the current glasses to withstand variations in their length under lengthwise tensile tension or compression with further NiO additions. The rest of the elasticity moduli showed increased behaviors as well. These increased behaviors support the results obtained from structural properties analyses. An increment of BO4 units with decreasing the nonbridging oxygens ions (NBO) in the internal structure of present glasses produces an increase in the elastic parameters of these glasses. At photons energy of 0.2 MeV, the energy exposure buildup factor (EBF) values are low for glasses with a high concentration of CdO (low concentration of NiO), but the value of EBF is larger for glasses with a low concentration of CdO (high concentration of NiO).
Critical states of a superconducting slab subjected to tension and bending
Authors: Ma Puhuan , Li Yingxu , Salmi Tiina
Published: June 2023

This work is an extension of a previous critical-state model proposed by the same author [Li and Gao, SuST (2015)]. We want to show the evolution of critical states for a rather long time, and the physics behind the evolution is also desired. It is another purpose to make clear the role of mechanical deformation played in the evolution process of critical state. We thus develop the model with two new features: (a) mechanical loads are applied to both ends of the slab, instead of no external force applied in the previous model; (b) the critical current density is now a function of position, rather than a constant over the slab volume as in the previous model. The new results by the model consist of: (a) the evolution with time for a given strain value is generally the same as the strain-free case; (b) stretching accelerates the development of the critical state, and bending has no significant effect on the critical state; (c) the detailed critical-state profiles may provide how to regulate the electromagnetic field by strain in a superconducting device with slab geometry for practical purpose.
A proposition: feasibility of classical plate theory on bending monolayer graphene
Authors: Yan J W , Jiang S C , He L H , Gong M L
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we carry out a comparison study between classical plate theory and ‘bottom to top’ atomistic-continuum multiscale model regarding the prediction of bending of monolayer graphene to state the general feasibility of classical plate theory. We replace the commonly used interlayer spacing value by the newly launched intrinsic material thickness value as the monolayer graphene thickness. Based on this correction, we amend the flexural rigidity and find that classical plate theory gives a much better prediction of the force-bending deflection curve for various graphene obtained by the atomistic-continuum multiscale approach. The onset of weak nonlinearity observed by the atomistic-continuum approach is at a midpoint deflection of ∼0.01 nm, approximately 0.14 w/h ratio, which secondarily confirm the feasibility of our newly proposed intrinsic material thickness value. The effect of boundary constraint, graphene size and loading mode on the bending of graphene is discussed to explain the cause of deviation between the two methods, and finally we confirm the feasibility of classical plate theory on bending monolayer graphene.
Effect of sharp vacuum–plasma boundary on the electron injection and acceleration in a few-cycle laser driven wakefield
Authors: Zhang 张 Guo-Bo 国博 , Liu 刘 Song 松 , Zou 邹 De-Bin 德滨 , Cui 崔 Ye 野 , Liu 刘 Jian-Peng 建鹏 , Yang 杨 Xiao-Hu 晓虎 , Ma 马 Yan-Yun 燕云 , Shao 邵 Fu-Qiu 福球
Published: June 2023

The electron injection and acceleration driven by a few-cycle laser with a sharp vacuum–plasma boundary have been investigated through three-dimensional (3D) particle-in-cell simulations. It is found that an isotropic boundary impact injection (BII) first occurs at the vacuum–plasma boundary, and then carrier-envelope-phase (CEP) shift causes the transverse oscillation of the plasma bubble, resulting in a periodic electron self-injection (SI) in the laser polarization direction. It shows that the electron charge of the BII only accounts for a small part of the total charge, and the CEP can effectively tune the quality of the injected electron beam. The dependences of laser intensity and electron density on the total charge and the ratio of BII charge to the total charge are studied. The results are beneficial to electron acceleration and its applications, such as betatron radiation source.
Deterministic remote preparation of multi-qubit equatorial states through dissipative channels
Authors: Cheng 程 Liu-Yong 留永 , Zhang 张 Shi-Feng 世凤 , Meng 孟 Zuan 钻 , Wang 王 Hong-Fu 洪福 , Zhang 张 Shou 寿
Published: June 2023

We investigate the influence of a noisy environment on the remote preparation of the multi-qubit equatorial state, and specifically deduce the final states and fidelities of the remote preparation of the three-qubit and four-qubit equatorial states under diverse types of noisy environments, namely, amplitude damping, bit flip, phase damping, phase flip, bit-phase flip, depolarization, and non-Markov environments. The results show that when the decoherence factors of the front six noises are equal, the influence degrees of phase damped noise, bit flip noise, phase flip noise, and bit-phase flip noise are similar, while the information loss caused by the amplitude damped noise and depolarizing noise is less. In particular, the bit flip noise and depolarizing noise may have more complex effects on the remote state preparation (RSP) schemes depending on the phase information of the target states, even for the ideal cases where the fidelity values are always 1 for specific phase relations. In the non-Markov environment, owing to the back and forth of information between the environment and systems, fidelities exhibit oscillating behavior and the minimum value may stay greater than zero for a long evolutionary time. These results are expected to have potential applications for understanding and avoiding the influence of noise on remote quantum communication and quantum networks.
Optimal driving field for multipartite quantum battery coupled with a common thermal bath
Authors: Yang 杨 Z Q 梓骞 , Zhou 周 L K 立坤 , Zhou 周 Z Y 正阳 , Jin 金 G R 光日 , Cheng 程 L 龙 , Wang 王 X G 晓光
Published: June 2023

For a many-atom battery coupled with a common thermal bath, the useful energy is maximized at an optimal number of the atoms for a fixed harmonic driving field, i.e., the so-called optimal building block [see Chang et al. New J. Phys.
23 103026 (2021)]. Here we consider the useful energy defined by the ergotropy and a continuous-wave driving field. For the single-atom case, we present analytical results of the increased energy and the ergotropy in the long-time limit (i.e., the steady-state ergotropy). It is found that there exists an optimal value of the driving-field strength. Such an observation holds for many-atom cases. Numerically, we show that the optimal strength increases linearly with the number N of the atoms. Using the optimal strength for each N, both the increased energy and the ergotropy increase monotonically with N.
Dirac gauge theory for topological spinors in 3+1 dimensional networks
Authors: Bianconi Ginestra
Published: June 2023

Gauge theories on graphs and networks are attracting increasing attention not only as approaches to quantum gravity but also as models for performing quantum computation. Here we propose a Dirac gauge theory for topological spinors in

3
+
1

dimensional networks associated to an arbitrary metric. Topological spinors are the direct sum of 0-cochains and 1-cochains defined on a network and describe a matter field defined on both nodes and links of a network. Recently in Bianconi (2021 J. Phys. Complex.
2 035022) it has been shown that topological spinors obey the topological Dirac equation driven by the discrete Dirac operator. In this work we extend these results by formulating the Dirac equation on weighted and directed

3
+
1

dimensional networks which allow for the treatment of a local theory. The commutators and anti-commutators of the Dirac operators are non vanishing an they define the curvature tensor and magnetic field of our theory respectively. This interpretation is confirmed by the non-relativistic limit of the proposed Dirac equation. In the non-relativistic limit of the proposed Dirac equation the sector of the spinor defined on links follows the Schrödinger equation with the correct giromagnetic moment, while the sector of the spinor defined on nodes follows the Klein–Gordon equation and is not negligible. The action associated to the proposed field theory comprises of a Dirac action and a metric action. We describe the gauge invariance of the action under both Abelian and non-Abelian transformations and we propose the equation of motion of the field theory of both Dirac and metric fields. This theory can be interpreted as a limiting case of a more general gauge theory valid on any arbitrary network in the limit of almost flat spaces.
Microplastic contained in gill, stomach and intestine of milkfish (Chanos chanos) and chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) at Rau Market, Serang City, Banten
Authors: Hasanah A N , Aryani D , Khalifa M A , Rahmawati A , Munandar E , Radityani F A
Published: June 2023

Microplastics are plastic particles <5mm from various sources. Fish contaminated by microplastics is a threat to food safety which microplastics contain toxicants. It is harmful to human health when consumed. Milkfish and Chub mackerel as consumption fish that can be easily found in some aquaculture ponds and marine water. The Previous study shows that microplastic content founded in the gill, stomach, and intestines. This study aims to determine microplastic content, microplastic abundance, and the correlation of organ weight with microplastic abundance in Milkfish and Chub mackerel. The methods used were descriptive qualitative. Milkfish and Chub mackerel samples were obtained from Rau Market, Serang City. The stages of the research carried with sampling, measuring, dissecting, dissolving, separating microplastic particles, filtering particles, and direct visual identification using a microscope. The results of the study found microplastics in the gills, intestines, and stomachs of milkfish and chub mackerel. In milkfish, most microplastic was found in the stomach (126 pieces), followed by the gill (111 pieces), and the intestine (65 pieces). While in chub mackerel, microplastics were mostly found in the gills (232 pieces, followed by the stomach (137 pieces), and the intestine (122 pieces). The types of microplastics found were fragments, films, and fibers. The number of microplastic types of fragments, films, and fibers with the colors of microplastics varied i.e. red, white, black, green, and yellow. There was no correlation between organ weight and microplastic abundance.
Substitution of Water Hyacinth Flour (Eichhornia crassipes) in Feed on The Growth Performance of Bileh Fish (Rasbora sp.)
Authors: Islama D , Diansyah S , Diana F , Mariana R , Muktaridha O
Published: June 2023

The objective of the present study was to determine the optimal dose substitution of water hyacinth flour (Eichhornia crassipes) in feed on the growth performance of Bileh (Rasborasp.) fingerlings. The Completely Randomized Design (CRD) used in this study consisted of four treatments and three replications. Four doses ofEichhornia crassipeswere tested: P0 = Feed without substitution of fermented water hyacinth flour as control, P1 = The substitution of fermented water hyacinth flour 5% in feed, P2 = The substitution of fermented water hyacinth flour 10 % in feed, P3 = The substitution of fermented water hyacinth flour 15% in feed. Bileh used as test fish have a length range of 2-2,5 cm. Feed was given three times withat satiationmethod. Bileh is stored for 30 days. The results showed that the absolute weight growth, absolute length growth, specific growth rate, and feed efficiency were higher in substituting 15% water hyacinth flour in Feed (P3). However, the substitution of water hyacinth flour in Feed had no significant effect on the survival rate and daily growth rate of bileh (P>0.05). The best dose of substitution of water hyacinth flour to increase the growth of Bileh fish and is more economical is 15% in Feed.
Large conventional and inverse electrocaloric effects in PbMg0.5W0.5O3 multilayer capacitors above and below the Néel temperature
Authors: Hirose Sakyo , Usui Tomoyasu , Hiroto Takanobu , Nair Bhasi , Moya Xavier , Mathur Neil D
Published: June 2023

Bulk PbMg0.5W0.5O3 (PMW) is an antiferroelectric in which an electric field of 12 V μm−1 is sufficient to initiate a nominally reversible transition to a dipole-aligned (ferroelectric) phase if operating just below the Néel temperature T
N, near room temperature (Li et al 2021 Adv. Funct. Mater.
31 2101176). Here we describe multilayer capacitors (MLCs) of PMW that permit 27 V µm−1 to be applied without breakdown. Below T
N, nominally reversible driving of the partial (full) antiferroelectric–ferroelectric (AF–FE) transition over a wide (narrow) range of temperatures yields large inverse electrocaloric (EC) effects that peak at ΔTj
∼ –2.6 K when applying 25 V μm−1 at 293 K (ΔTj
denotes directly measured temperature jumps). Above T
N, nominally reversible driving of the partial (full) paraelectric–ferroelectric (PE–FE) transition yields large conventional EC effects that peak at ΔTj
∼ +5.2 K when applying 25 V μm−1 at 302 K. This good EC performance near room temperature implies that MLCs of PMW could be exploited in prototype EC coolers.
Anomalous delocalization of resonant states in graphene & the vacancy magnetic moment
Authors: Leccese Mirko , Martinazzo Rocco
Published: June 2023

Carbon atom vacancies in graphene give rise to a local magnetic moment of

σ
+
π

origin, whose magnitude is yet uncertain and debated. Partial quenching of π magnetism has been ubiquitously reported in periodic first principles calculations, with magnetic moments scattered in the range 1.0–2.0 µ
B, slowly converging to the lower or the upper end, depending on how the diluted limit is approached. By contrast, (ensemble) density functional theory calculations on cluster models neatly converge to the value of

2
 

μ

B

when increasing the system size. This stunning discrepancy has sparked a debate about the role of defect–defect interactions and self-doping, and about the importance of the self-interaction-error in the density-functional-theory description of the vacancy-induced states. Here, we settle this puzzle by showing that the problem has a fundamental, mono-electronic origin which is related to the special (periodic) arrangement of defects that results when using the slab-supercell approach. Specifically, we report the existence of resonant states that are anomalously delocalized over the lattice and that make the π midgap band unphysically dispersive, hence prone to self-doping and quenching of the π magnetism. Hybrid functionals fix the problem by widening the gap between the spin-resolved π midgap bands, without reducing their artificial widths. As a consequence, while reconciling the magnetic moment with expectations, they predict a spin-splitting which is one order of magnitude larger than found in experiments.
Comparing invariants of toric ideals of bipartite graphs
Authors: Bhaskara Kieran , Van Tuyl Adam
Published: June 2023

Let

G
G

be a finite simple graph and let

I
G

I_G

denote its associated toric ideal in the polynomial ring

R
R

. For each integer

n
≥
2

n\geq 2

, we completely determine all the possible values for the tuple
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="left-parenthesis r e g left-parenthesis upper R slash upper I Subscript upper G Baseline right-parenthesis comma degree left-parenthesis h Subscript upper R slash upper I Sub Subscript upper G Subscript Baseline left-parenthesis t right-parenthesis right-parenthesis comma p d i m left-parenthesis upper R slash upper I Subscript upper G Baseline right-parenthesis comma d e p t h left-parenthesis upper R slash upper I Subscript upper G Baseline right-parenthesis comma dimension left-parenthesis upper R slash upper I Subscript upper G Baseline right-parenthesis right-parenthesis">

(
reg
⁡
(
R

/

I
G

)
,
deg
⁡
(

h

R

/

I
G

(
t
)
)
,
pdim
⁡
(
R

/

I
G

)
,
depth
⁡
(
R

/

I
G

)
,
dim
⁡
(
R

/

I
G

)
)

(\operatorname {reg}(R/I_G), \deg (h_{R/I_G}(t)), \operatorname {pdim}(R/I_G), \operatorname {depth}(R/I_G), \dim (R/I_G))

when

G
G

is a connected bipartite graph on

n
n

vertices.
Comorbidities in palmoplantar pustulosis: a Swedish population-based register study
Authors: Löfvendahl Sofia , Norlin Jenny M , Schmitt-Egenolf Marcus
Published: June 2023

This study investigated the comorbidity burden of Swedish patients with palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP) vs. the general population and patients with psoriasis vulgaris (PV). We found a significantly higher comorbidity burden in patients with PPP compared with the general population, represented by higher odds for disease across different categories (metabolic, cerebrovascular, cardiovascular, psychiatric). Although patients with PPP and PV showed similar comorbidity burdens overall, the comorbidity profiles differed significantly. Comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, which showed both high prevalence (> 5%) in PPP and higher odds than PV, may be of particular importance for the specific comorbidity burden of PPP.