bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strengthening Cloud Computing Security: A Malware Prevention and Detection Framework at the Hypervisor Level
Authors: Agarwal Anamika , Verma Satya Bhushan , Gupta Bineet Kumar , Singh Suyogita
Published: February 2025

The introduction outlines the significance of data storage and management in businesses and highlights the cost-effectiveness of data outsourcing, particularly in the context of cloud computing. It emphasizes the benefits and challenges of cloud computing, with a focus on security concerns related to malware threats. The proposed malware prevention and detection (MP&D) framework aims to address these challenges by providing a comprehensive set of processes and tools to secure virtual machines in cloud computing environments. The framework’s objectives include large-scale system management, identifying various attacks, early detection, rapid and accurate detection, scalability, and resistance to compromise. The section also mentions the prevalence of encrypted and modern malware, which poses additional challenges. The background procedures and tools for the MP&D framework are briefly outlined, along with a high-level algorithmic overview of its key components. The expected results of implementing the framework are discussed, highlighting improvements in security posture, reduced malware infections, early threat detection, faster incident response, and compliance benefits. The conclusion underscores the importance of robust security measures in cloud computing, particularly at the hypervisor level, and acknowledges the evolving nature of malware threats, indicating the need for ongoing research and development in this field.
The Use of Intensive Interactive Learning Technologies in the Course “English for Special Purposes
Authors:   Belarusian State University, Grinevich E.
Published: February 2025

The paper examines the issues of teaching English for spe­cific purposes to students of international economics within the framework of the course “English for specific purposes (special course)” marketing (3rd year). The purpose of the study is to identify, select and implement effective intensive interactive teaching technologies in the course in order to develop both nar­row and meta-skills. To activate the learning process, the following technologies were used: role-plays, discussion, debates, mind maps, etc. The results are: a set of technologies used throughout the course (one term) and the improved results of students. The author presents an educational and methodological map with a description of the topic of the lesson and the technologies used. To achieve this goal, the following scientific research methods were used: theoretical (analysis of pedagogical literature on the topic, analysis and synthesis of teaching experience), diagnostic (questioning students at the beginning and end of the course, observation, control section, intermediate testing), experimental (experimental student training). The introduction of interactive teaching technologies has shown its effectiveness in mastering this course and developing meta-skills.
Digital Resources in the Implementation of a Problem-Based Approach to Teaching Foreign Language Oral Speech
Authors:   MIREA, Gladchuk E.
Published: February 2025

This article analyzes innovative features connected with the use of communicative problematic tasks using digital resources when teaching English to future chemists, which is important in the context of digitalization of education. The main goal of the study is to develop a system of exercises based on communica­tive-problem tasks using digital educational resources for better mastering of the studied material and its use in productive types of foreign language speaking. The scientific novelty lies in the problematization of educational material through the use of chatbots. To achieve this goal, methods of comparison and anal­ysis of teaching practice, experimental work, observation and questioning were used. The paper provides examples of signifi­cant differences between tasks developed on the basis of the tra­ditional teaching method and tasks based on the problem-based approach. The research material was an analytical review of sci­entific articles on the research problem and the results of a student survey. The practical value of the conducted research is determined by the fact that the proposed problem-communica­tive tasks can increase the efficiency of the process of mastering foreign language speech activity of chemistry students. In con­clusion, the author presents the results of the study, which demonstrate the increased quality of students’ learning of the material and an increase in students’ motivation to master a for­eign language for special purposes.
Efficient L2 Vocabulary Acquisition in Higher Education: Modern Approaches and Methods
Authors:   RANEPA, Samoshkina I. , Klyukina E. ,   RANEPA
Published: February 2025

Memorising, retaining, and retrieving vocabulary is crucial in foreign language learning. Yet, some teachers focus on quan­tity over quality, having students memorise long wordlists cho­sen subjectively, neglecting principles like frequency, practical­ity, stylistic neutrality, or thematic organisation. In order to support a hypothesis about the inefficiency of this approach, a survey was conducted among the first-year students of RANEPA via a link to an anonymous Google Forms questionnaire. The findings demonstrated that rote memorisation of extensive wordlists does not lead to meaningful practice or subsequent retrieval and usage of the target vocabulary in speech. The study offers recommendations on how to effectively introduce and practice vocabulary, determine optimal numbers of lexical items, and use vis­ualisation tools to enhance lexis retention and usage.
Anchor Points for Teaching ESL Academic Writing in the Changing Educational Landscape
Authors:   Yaroslavl State University named after P. G. Demidov, Kasatkina N. , Tevs V. ,   Yaroslavl State University named after P. G. Demidov
Published: February 2025

In recent years, there has been a tremendous paradigm shift towards seeing language as a dynamic and multifaceted process, which has opened new avenues and posed new challenges for both teaching and learning. Given that the CEFR supplies the conceptual vision of our research, we singled out three principles permeating the 2020 edition of the volume (student-centered approach, action-oriented approach, social agency, and media­tion) and took them as the anchor points when designing the syllabus of our course for B1–B2 learners. The main objective of the study is to understand how the CEFR and the teaching assets it contains can be incorporated into the classroom. The authors argue that catering to students` needs by constructing an indi­vidual roadmap, modeling real-life situations, and learning through interaction with peers empowers students to get in the driving seat of the learning process, exert their social agency, and, consequently, get closer to their goals and aspirations.
Vocabulary Learning by Advanced L2 Learners: Challenges and Strategies
Authors:   MGIMO University, Prodayvoda E.
Published: February 2025

At the advanced stage, when students have already developed strong grammar skills, the task of vocabulary learning comes to the fore. However, the task is complicated by a number of chal­lenges, including different levels of students’ lexical training, lack of motivation for further improvement, extreme information overload of students, and the fact that each of them has already formed their own cognitive learning style. To cope with these challenges, a teacher needs to help students organize their knowledge, develop an individual vocabulary learning strategy, and master the techniques of retaining vocabulary. These tech­niques include grouping words by topic, exploring the origin of idioms, using phraseological calques and unexpected meanings of familiar words. Such methods help to get students interested and make them active participants in the learning process, and also shape their approaches to further mastering the foreign lan­guage.
Case Method in Teaching SDGs to International Relations Students in an EFL Classroom
Authors:   MGIMO University, Ryumina E.
Published: February 2025

The article deals with employing case methods in an ESL classroom as a means of revising Sustainable development with Upper-Intermediate or more advanced students majoring in languages. The author uses her experience of teaching SDGs through cases from 2015 to 2023 at MGIMO-University to illustrate the possible planning and conducting of environmental case study classes and the advantages of case study as compared to simple role-play or round table activities. The experiment involved four groups of second-year students who had previously studied sustainable development as a concept and had a few classes that pre-taught the necessary vocabulary to them. The Conclusions section provides practical advice as to how to save teacher’s time and effort in preparing the tasks and how to conduct the class smoothly, even if problems arise, e.g. students misunderstand the task in different ways.
Assessment of the Environmental Impacts of the Engenheiro Sérgio Motta HPP Plant Using the Leopold Matrix Methodology
Authors: Franco Lorena Cruz , Botan Maria Claudia Costa de Oliveira , Boschi Letícia Sabo , Zanette Andréia Fátima , Azevedo Claudia Gonçalves de
Published: February 2025

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the main environmental impacts present in the Engenheiro Sérgio Motta Hydroelectric Power Plant, located in the far west of the state of São Paulo.
 
Theoretical Framework: The environmental impacts of hydroelectric power plants are widely known and discussed in the literature, but the texts are often exhaustive and difficult to understand, which prevents most of the population from understanding them.
 
Method: The methodology adopted for this study consists of assembling a Leopold Matrix, whose main characteristic is to summarize the environmental impacts and present them in the form of a table. In this way, understanding by the readers becomes simpler and more effective.
 
Results and Discussion: The results obtained show that the negative impacts are numerically greater than the positive impacts. Many of them occur directly, have a regional scope, are permanent, and of great magnitude. This leads to the question of the sustainability of energy sources labeled as clean.
 
Research Implications: This research is investigative and diagnostic in nature, and aims to discuss the sustainability of energy sources considered clean. After all, even though they are renewable, there is no energy conversion method that does not have environmental consequences, and in the case of hydroelectric plants, permanent and large-scale consequences.
 
Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature due to the method used and the presentation of the results, making them visually appealing, since pages of information are compiled in a single table, called the Leopold Matrix.
The Comparison Of Product Placement Effectiveness Between Human Influencers and Virtual Influencers
Authors: Cokki  , Hazain Saraswati
Published: February 2025

This study aims to analyze the influence of attitudes toward human and virtual influencers on attitudes toward product placement and brands. The study employs a post-test experimental design without a control group, involving 287 participants: 136 participants are human, and 151 participants are virtual influencers. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) and Partial Least Squares Multigroup Analysis (PLS-MGA). The treatment in this study involved Instagram content from a human influencer and a virtual influencer. The results show that attitudes toward both human and virtual influencers positively influence attitudes toward the brand. However, attitudes toward influencers only positively influence attitudes toward product placement in the case of virtual influencers. While there is no difference in effectiveness between humans and virtual influencers in influencing attitudes toward the brand, virtual influencers are more effective in influencing attitudes toward product placement.
РОЗВИТОК ЗАГАЛЬНОКУЛЬТУРНОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ В УЧНІВ СТАРШИХ КЛАСІВ НА ПРИКЛАДІ САМОБУТНОСТІ ТА ВЗАЄМООБМІНУ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ТА КРИМСЬКОТАТАРСЬКОЇ КУЛЬТУР
Authors: Королько Андрій , Шепітак Наталія
Published: February 2025

У статті проаналізовано навчальні програми з предмету “Історія України” для учнів 10–11-х класів. Увагу звернуто на висвітлення Кримського питання, а саме культури кримськотатарського народу в змісті шкільної історичної освіти. Зважаючи на регіональне різноманіття України, доцільним вважається розвиток загаль­нокультурної компетентності в учнів старших класів, що сприятиме кращому розумінню і шанобливому ставленню до культурної спадщини країни.
ДЕЯКІ ПИТАННЯ ФОРМУВАННЯ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ МАЙБУТНІХ УЧИТЕЛІВ ПОЧАТКОВИХ КЛАСІВ В УМОВАХ ВОЄННИХ ВИКЛИКІВ
Authors: Cобченко Тетяна , Радченя Ірина
Published: February 2025

У статті розглянуто актуальну в умовах воєнних викликів сьогодення проблему. Окреслено суть та складові професійної компетеності учителів початкових класів. Представлено вітчизняні нормативно-правові засади, що регулюють професійну підготовку вчителів початкових класів. Визначено пріоритетні напрями формування професійної компетентності майбутніх учителів початкових класів в умовах воєнних викликів. У ході дослідження зроблено висновок, що процес формування професійної компетентності майбутніх учителів початкових класів передбачає модернізацію та удосконалення організації професійної освіти у закладі вищої педагогічної освіти.
БАГАТОМОВНІСТЬ ЯК ОСНОВНИЙ ФАКТОР ПІДГОТОВКИ СТУДЕНТІВ АГРАРНИХ ЗАКЛАДІВ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ В ЛІНГВОСОЦІОКУЛЬТУРНОМУ ПРОСТОРІ
Authors: Волошина Оксана
Published: February 2025

Довгострокові цілі та завдання модернізації вищої освіти нашої країни багато в чому співзвучні сучасним світовим тенденціям, зумовленим міжнародними відносинами та міжкультурним спілкуванням. Нині без володіння іншомовними комунікативними компетенціями важко уявити успішного спеціаліста в лінгвосоціокультурному просторі. Представники провідних аграрних підприємств поряд із професійними компетенціями наголошують на необхідності володіння співробітниками професійною іншомовною комунікативною компетенцією, що є вагомим компонентом для формування професійної успішності випускників аграрних закладів вищої освіти. Це зумовлено необхідністю у вивченні передового аграрного досвіду представників різних країн та зарубіжних аграрних методик, читання професійної літератури українською й іноземною мовами, презентації результатів своєї роботи на міжнародному ринку. Необхідно відзначити, що рівень знання іноземної мови вагомо впливає на швидкість реалізації таких завдань і може суттєво скоротити час на імплементацію новітніх та перспективних рішень у реаліях нашої країни, оптимізувати виконання професійних завдань. Аналіз наукової літератури з питань багатомовного навчання дозволив нам виділити низку принципів, що характеризують два глобальні напрями вітчизняного лінгвосоціокультурного простору: полілінгвальний (і полікультурний як невід’ємна його частина) та мультилінгвальний (зокрема, мультилінгводидактика). Усі вони у своїй сукупності належать до багатомовного навчання. Основними принципами полілінгвального навчання, що виділяються сучасними дослідниками, є: культуровідповідності, діалогічності, інтегративності, поєднання національних та регіональних культурних традицій, полікультурного освітнього середовища, від універсального до специфічного, зіставлення мов, що вивчаються, комунікативності, врахування рідної мови, активності та самостійності, принцип лінгвокультурологічного підходу, індивідуалізації, автономного навчання. Аналіз наукової літератури з питань багатомовного навчання дає підставу виділити такі принципи полікультурної освіти: діалогу культур, дидактичної культуровідповідності, домінування проблемних культурознавчих завдань, культурної варіативності, культурної рефлексії.
МЕТОДИЧНІ ЗАСАДИ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ НАУКОВО-ДОСЛІДНИЦЬКОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ УЧНІВ ТА СТУДЕНТІВ ПРИ АНАЛІЗІ ПИСЬМОВИХ СПОГАДІВ ПЕРЕСІЧНИХ ЛЮДЕЙ
Authors: Біла Світлана
Published: February 2025

У статті висвітлено методичні засади організації науково-дослідницької діяльності учнів та студентів з письмовими спогадами (на прикладі опрацювання спогадів Ольги Стебельської). Стверджується, що при організації науково-дослідницької діяльності з письмовими спогадами пересічних людей старшокласникам і студентам закладів фахової передвищої освіти варто передовсім ознайомитися з методологією дослідження такого роду джерел та основними віхами біографії автора документа. Вказано, що при опрацюванні спогадів необхідно виокремити з інформації факти, які є важливими з історичного ракурсу, а також проаналізувати емоційне наповнення джерела, яке віддзеркалює світоглядні переконання і ціннісні орієнтації автора.
МОТИВАЦІЙНО-СМИСЛОВА РЕГУЛЯЦІЯ РОЗВИТКУ СПОРТИВНОЇ КУЛЬТУРИ СТУДЕНТІВ
Authors: Галатюк Михайло
Published: February 2025

У статті запропоновано й обгрунтовано механізм мотиваційно-смислової регуляції розвитку спортивної культури студентів. Під час дослідження з’ясовано, що мотиваційно-смислова регуляція розвитку спортивної культури є психолого-педагогічним процесом, який здійснюється на основі рушійних сил поведінки, враховує особистісні цінності та смислові орієнтири спортивної діяльності студентів. Розкрито суть основних складових мотиваційно-смислової регуляції. Визначено зміст спортивного мотиву, його особливості. Встановлено, що система спортивних мотивів сприяє позитивній трансформації смислоутворювальних цінностей спорту.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПІДГОТОВКИ ЗДОБУВАЧІВ ДОКТОРСЬКИХ СТУПЕНІВ У СИСТЕМІ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ ВЕЛИКОБРИТАНІЇ
Authors: Дерстуганова Наталя
Published: February 2025

У статті на підставі ґрунтовного аналізу нормативно-рекомендаційних документів, якими регулюється процес підготовки здобувачів докторських ступенів у Великобританії, та сучасних наукових доробків, присвячених різним аспектам докторської підготовки у цій країні, визначена низка особливостей, характерних для підготовки здобувачів докторських ступенів у системі вищої освіти Великої Британії. Встановлено, що академічна автономія суб’єктів освітньої діяльності Великобританії дає їм змогу самостійно встановлювати вимоги для майбутніх здобувачів наукового ступеня, здійснювати підготовку докторантів за власними освітньо-дослідницькими програмами, визначаючи обсяг їхньої освітньої складової, і очікувані результати на кожному етапі підготовки. З’ясовано, що у процесі докторської підготовки особливу роль відведено науковому керівництву та побудові індивідуальної освітньо-дослідницької траєкторії здобувачів докторського ступеня з урахуванням особистих очікувань кожного із молодих дослідників.
Matrix metalloproteinase-7 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression is upregulated in congenital lung malformations
Authors: Parlak Ayşe , Ak Aksoy Seçil , Erçelik Melis , Tekin Çağla , Öztürk Nazlıoğlu Hülya , Tunca Berrin , Gürpınar Arif Nuri
Published: February 2025

Background. Congenital lung malformations (CLMs) refer to structural abnormalities of the lungs that occur during fetal development. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) constitute a group of zinc-dependent enzymes, with certain members of this family playing pivotal roles in the remodeling of the lungs both prenatally and postnatally. This study aimed to explore expression levels of MMP-2, MMP-7, and MMP-9 in CLMs which are recognized as pivotal contributors to their clinical pathology.
Methods. A total of 41 patients between the ages of 0-17 years that had undergone lung surgery for CLMs between March 2007- July 2023 were analyzed. The demographic features, clinical and pathological findings were recorded. The expression levels of MMP-2, MMP-7 and MMP-9 in patients’ tissues were examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and compared in CLMs and adjacent normal lung tissues.
Results. Among patients with CLMs, 12 patients had congenital pulmonary airway malformations (CPAM, one patient had bilateral lesions), 18 patients had bronchopulmonary sequestration (BPS), 7 patients had congenital lobar overinflation (CLO), and 4 patients had bronchogenic cyst (BC). The higher expression of MMP-7 and MMP-9 in all CLM tissues compared to normal tissue was observed. But, there was a trend in MMP-2 expression in CPAM tissues and MMP-2 showed high expression in the BPS, CLO and BC groups, which was not statistically significant. Upon collective analysis of all groups, it was observed that mRNA expressions of MMP-7 and MMP-9 exhibited greater upregulation in CPAM and BC in comparison to BPS and CLO.
Conclusions. Our findings indicate a specific involvement of MMP-7 and MMP-9 in the pathogenesis of CLMs, particularly in CPAM and BC. To the best of our knowledge, this research represents the initial demonstration of MMP expression in CLMs.
PENGARUH LITERASI KEUANGAN, LOCUS OF CONTROL DAN GAYA HIDUP PADA SAVING BEHAVIOR CASHLESS SOCIETY
Authors: Widia Syam , Witiastuti Rini Setyo , Ardiansari Anindya , Ridloah Siti , Prihandono Dorojatun
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji peranan literasi keuangan, locus of control dan gaya hidup pada perilaku menabung kaum milenial dan generasi Z.
Data penelitian ini adalah data primer, dimana pengambilan data menggunakan kuesioner ditujukan kepada kaum milenial dan generasi Z di Kota Semarang. Analisis data menggunakan SEM PLS.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa literasi keuangan tidak berpengaruh pada kebiasaan menabung generasi cashless di Kota Semarang. Namun, Locus of control dan gaya hidup berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kebiasaan menabung cashless society di Kota Semarang. Berdasarkan hasil nilai R square menunjukkan pengaruh dari variabel literasi keuangan (X1), locus of control (X2) dan gaya hidup (X3)) terhadap saving behavior (Y) adalah sebesar 33,9%.
The Madrassa System and the Islamic-Integrated Schools: Competing Spaces for Learning and the Ambivalent Relations with Secular Education in Kenya
Authors: Ndzovu Hassan
Published: February 2025

Islamic traditions place prominence on the production of knowledge, its attainment, and the transmission of such knowledge to the community. In Kenya, Islamic education is widely spread among various sections of the Muslim community. Many Muslim children are sent to the basic Qur’an schools (simple shelters in private houses) and madrasas (large institutions) to receive religious instruction. Despite this trend, there is a feeling among Kenyan Muslims that they are educationally disadvantaged in relation to secular education. These sentiments have increased the urgency for secular education for economic competitiveness, but without disregarding the value of religious education culminating in the establishment of Islamic-integrated schools. This shows a significant transformation of Islamic education in Kenya, revealing the abundance of Islamic traditions of learning across the country. Therefore, this article seeks to explore two educational institutions responsible for the mediation of Islamic religious education in Kenya—the madrasa system and the Islamic-integrated schools. In both institutions, the learners are educated on Islam's basic precepts and practices, memorise and recite the Qur’an, and are taught how to read and write the Arabic script. Though the two institutions could be described as Islamic learning spaces, the article will examine their seeming competition against each other and their ambivalent attitude toward secular education in Kenya. Some of the questions the article raises include: (a) How has the issue of standardisation of the religious education syllabus been addressed in both institutions? (b) To what extent have Islamic-integrated schools been successful in the production of religious authority?
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF METHODS FOR THE CONTROL OF BACTERIAL ENDOTOXINS IN IMMUNOBIOLOGICAL MEDICINES
Authors:   State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Koltsovo, Bulatova M.V. , Usova S.V. , Bashkina E.S. , Kutserubova N.S. , Bogryantseva M.P.
Published: February 2025

Despite the fact that the list of pyrogens is quite extensive, in the field of quality control of injectable medicines, pyrogens
produced by gram–negative bacteria — bacterial endotoxins are mainly of practical importance [1]. Their significant presence in
ready-made injectable dosage forms and active pharmaceutical substances can have a significant effect on the human body, causing
allergic and inflammatory reactions, tissue damage and can even lead to serious violations of biochemical processes. According to the
requirements of the international and domestic standard, which contains a set of rules for the safe and high-quality manufacture of
medicines, the amount of pyrogenic impurities in injectable medicines should be minimized [2]. The necessary control over the level
of these impurities can be carried out using three methods: a pyrogenicity test using rabbit animals [3], a LAL test [4] and a monocyte
activation test [5], which methodically still requires additional research and validation. The most common control methods in laboratories are pyrogenicity and LAL test.
Vincamine as a Potential Therapeutic Agent for Sickle Cell Disease: A Comprehensive Computational Study
Authors: Basumatary Nerswn , Chetia Pankaj , Baruah Chittaranjan , Sarmah Jatin
Published: February 2025

Sickle cell disease refers to a hereditary blood condition, characterized by the presence of abnormally shaped erythrocytes resulting from a singular point mutation in the β-globin gene, causing various health complications. At present, hydroxyurea remains the sole pharmacological agent for sickle cell disease management, despite its adverse effects. This investigation examines 64 naturally occurring compounds, documented to exhibit anti-sickling properties as alternative to hydroxyurea, using computational techniques. In this research, molecular docking was utilized to assess the binding affinity of 64 natural compounds with haemoglobin S, along with ADME analysis to determine drug-likeness and pharmacokinetic profiles of the compounds, followed by molecular dynamics and binding free energy calculations to evaluate stability of the protein-ligand complex.

Based on the outcomes of molecular docking and ADME analysis, vincamine was identified to possess favourable binding affinity and passed necessary pharmacokinetic criteria. Molecular dynamics simulations and free energy assessments indicated that vincamine-HbS complex maintained stability, exhibiting moderate flexibility and compactness. The combined approach of molecular docking, ADME and molecular dynamics simulations highlights vincamine as a promising candidate for the therapeutic intervention of sickle cell disease. Additional experimental validations, both in vitro and in vivo, are however necessary to validate the anti-sickling effectiveness of vincamine.
Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial activity of Tephrosia villosa
Authors: Loka Chandrudu P. , Ramesh Londonkar L. , Shirisha Kumari S. , Revansiddappa S.G. , Jyothi K. , Swetha C.M. , Jayachandra S.Y.
Published: February 2025

Phytochemical screening, antibacterial activity and anti-inflammatory properties of Tephrosiavillosa root, stem and leaves were assessed in this study. Phytochemical screening of the plant extracts (root, stem and leaf) of Tephrosia villosa was made by running the root, stem and leaf through solvent such as ethanol. The ethanolic extract of root indicated positive tests for steroids, alkaloids, amino acids and proteins, saponins, flavones, anthocyanines and phenolic compounds. Ethanolic extract of stem and leaf indicated positive tests for steroids, alkaloids, carbohydrates, glycosides, amino acids and proteins, saponins, flavones, anthocyanines and phenolic compounds. Ethanolic extracts of root, stem and leaves tested for their antibacterial activity, the extracts in each series indicate modest to higher activity against both Gram negative and Gram positive pathogenic microorganisms’.

The leaves extract of Tephrosia villosa indicated promising activity against the dangerous pathogens such as K. pneumonia, Salmonella typhi and Salmonilla paratyphi, by producing 13mm, 13mm and 12mm zone of inhibition around the inoculation. Plant root extract was effective against the Staphylococcus aureus (12mm), Salmonella typhi (12mm) and Salmonilla paratyphi (11mm).
ON CULTURAL TRADITIONS OF JAR SHAPES OF THE SALTOVO-MAYATSKAYA CULTURE (ON THE EXEMPLES FROM THE DMITRIEVSKY BURIAL GROUND)
Authors: Суханов Е.В.
Published: February 2025

Основная цель статьи представить первые результаты анализа форм салтово-маяцких сосудов спозиций историко-культурного подхода. Объектом рассмотрения стали кувшины, найденные входе раскопок на Дмитриевском могильнике, одном из опорных для салтово-маяцкой археологии погребальных памятников. Встатье излагается общая позиция автора относительно перспектив использования методов историко-культурного подхода для разработки периодизации форм салтово-маяцких кувшинов ивыхода на решение вопросов внутренней хронологии салтово-маяцкой культуры. Самые первые результаты исследования показывают, что за огромным морфологическим разнообразием кувшинов из Дмитриевки стоят две массовые традиции форм, носители которых, вероятнее всего, переселились на Средний Дон из разных районов Кавказа.

The prime aim of the article is to present the first results of analysis of the Saltovo-Mayaytskaya vessels studied from the position of the historical-and-cultural approach. Jars found during excavations in the Dmitrievsky burial ground, one of the principal burial monuments of the Saltovo-Mayatskaya archeology are the object of study. The author expounds his general position in respect of historical-and-cultural approach methods employment for development of the Saltovo-Mayatskaya jar shapes periodization and for solution of internal chronology of the Saltovo-Mayatskaya culture. The very first results of study demonstrate that behind the vast morphological diversity of jars from the Dmitrievsky burial ground two mass traditions of jar shapes creation are hidden. Bearers of these traditions, most probably, migrated to the middle reaches of the Don river from the various regions of the Caucasus.
Optimal lower bound for lossless quantum block encoding
Authors: Androulakis George , Wosti Rabins
Published: February 2025

Consider a general quantum stochastic source that emits at discrete time steps quantum pure states which are chosen from a finite alphabet according to some probability distribution which may depend on the whole history. Also, fix two positive integers $m$ and $l$. We encode any tensor product of $m$ many states emitted by the quantum stochastic source by breaking the tensor product into $m$ many blocks where each block has length $l$, and considering sequences of $m$ many isometries so that each isometry encodes one of these blocks into the Fock space, followed by the concatenation of their images. We only consider certain sequences of such isometries that we call \lq\lq special block codes\rq\rq\ in order to ensure that the string of encoded states is uniquely decodable. We compute the minimum average codeword length of these encodings which depends on the quantum source and the integers $m$, $l$, among all possible special block codes. Our result extends the result of [Bellomo, Bosyk, Holik and Zozor, Scientific Reports 7.1 (2017): 14765] where the minimum was computed for one block, i.e.\ for $m=1$. Lastly, we give a simplified non-adaptive compression technique based on constrained special block codes for general quantum stochastic sources. For quantum stationary sources in particular, we show that the minimum average codeword length per symbol computed over all constrained special block codes is equal to the von-Neumann entropy rate of the source for an asymptotically long block size.
Kochen-Specker sets in four-dimensional spaces
Authors: Elford Brandon , Lisonek Petr
Published: February 2025

For the first time we construct an infinite family of Kochen-Specker sets in a space of fixed dimension, namely in $\R^4$. While most of the previous constructions of Kochen-Specker sets have been based on computer search, our construction is analytical and it comes with a short, computer-free proof.
Artificial intelligence-driven platform for catalytic reactor discovery and optimization applied to carbon dioxide valorization
Authors: Tinajero Cristopher , Zanatta Marcileia , García-Verdugo Eduardo , Sans Victor
Published: February 2025

Digital technologies, including artificial intelligence and additive manufacturing advancements, have revolutionized all areas of chemistry and chemical engineering. In the field of reactor engineering, the development of novel geometries has enabled improved performance. However, until now the design has been largely relying on human design. This study introduces Reac-Discovery, a digital platform that integrates the generation, fabrication, and optimization of catalytic reactors based on periodic open-cell structures (POCs). It integrates the parametric design and analysis of advanced structures from mathematic models (Reac-Gen), the high-resolution 3D printing and functionalization of catalytic reactors (Reac-Fab) with an algorithm that validates the printability of reactor designs and a self-driving laboratory platform (Reac-Eval) capable of parallel multi-reactor evaluations featuring real-time NMR monitoring and machine learning (ML) simultaneous optimization of process parameters and topologic descriptors. Reac-Discovery can iteratively, dynamically, and rapidly refine reactor designs and reaction conditions, enabling the discovery of optimal geometries for industrially relevant processes. The heterogeneously catalyzed CO₂ cycloaddition at low pressure was chosen as a benchmark reaction. Reac-Discovery offered an improvement of ca. one order of magnitude over the state of the art. By seamlessly integrating digital design and machine learning, Reac-Discovery establishes a transformative framework for advancing complex chemical systems.
Towards an understanding of the mode of action of arsenic(III) on the fungus Neofusicoccum parvum fungus: Identification of target proteins
Authors: ENGEL Andréa , FERRARI Florence , MEYER Maude , STRUB Jean-Marc , SPICHTY Martin , BERTSCH Christophe , SCHAEFFER Christine , TARNUS Céline , ALBRECHT Sébastien , GODDARD Mary-Lorène
Published: February 2025

Before it was banned, sodium arsenite was the unique fungicide able to control fungi associated with grapevine trunk diseases. However, its mode of action has not been fully elucidated yet. This study focuses on the identification of arsenic(III)-binding proteins using an arsenic-based fluorescent probe and an arsenic-based affinity chromatography. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comparative study of these techniques to demonstrate their complementarity. Mainly cysteine-rich proteins were identified, the majority of which are involved in the infection process, in particular in plant cell wall degradation, host-pathogen interaction, adhesion and pathogenicity. These proteins could therefore be relevant targets for the development of new ways of grapevine trunk disease control.
The effect of inflammatory bowel diseases on the risk of atherosclerosis: assessment according to ultrasound imaging and sphygmometry
Authors: Isaev Georgy O. , Trushina Olga I. , Isaikina Maria A. , Bestavashvili Afina A. , Yurazh Marta V. , Kopylov Philipp Y. , Mnatsakanyan Marina H. , Fomin Victor V.
Published: February 2025

Aim. To evaluate the effect of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) on the risk of atherosclerosis in patients without known cardiovascular disease.
Materials and methods. The study included 115 patients divided into three groups: 37 patients with Crohn's disease (CD), 44 with ulcerative colitis (UC), and 34 in the control group without known IBD and other risk factors. Doppler ultrasound of the brachiocephalic arteries and sphygmometry were used for diagnosis. The main indicators were the thickness of the intima-media complex (TIMC) and vascular stiffness, measured by the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) and the ankle-brachial pressure index (ABI).
Results. IBD patients showed an increase in TIMC compared to controls. TIMC of the common carotid arteries on the right: in patients with CD – 0.07 cm (p=0.001), with UC – 0.08 cm (p=0.019), in the control group – 0.06 cm. TIMC of the common carotid arteries on the left: in patients with CD – 0.07 cm (p=0.001), with UC – 0.07 cm (p=0.012), in the control group – 0.06 cm. The sphygmometry indicators (CAVI and ABI) did not differ significantly between the groups. The mean CAVI on the right was 6.8±0.98 for the CD group, 6.6±0.79 for the UC group, and 6.82±0.76 for the control group (p=0.692).
Conclusion. IBD can contribute to the thickening of the vascular walls, thus increasing the risk of atherosclerosis, as shown by TIMC. Vascular stiffness indicators (CAVI, ABI) did not differ significantly between the groups.
Risk factors for new-onset diabetes after transplantation in kidney transplant recipients: own data and meta-analysis
Authors: Novikova Maria S. , Minushkina Larisa O. , Kotenko Oleg N. , Zateyshchikov Dmitry A. , Boeva Olga I. , Allazova Sona S. , Shilov Eugene M. , Koteshkova Olga M. , Antsiferov Mikhail B.
Published: February 2025

Aim. To compare risk factors for new-onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT) among renal transplant recipients (RTRs) from 1989 to 2018 in the City Clinical Hospital №52, with a systematic analysis of published studies on this topic.
Materials and methods. In a 30-year (1989–2018) retrospective study, we found statistically significant differences in age, gender, polycystic kidney disease, cadaveric kidney, cyclosporine, i-mTOR, and steroids between two groups of recipients with and without NODAT. Patients with NODAT were older, more male, more likely to have polycystic kidney disease and deceased donor kidneys, and more likely to be treated with cyclosporine, i-mTOR, and steroids (p0.05). We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the impact of these indicators on the development of NODAT. MEDLINE, Scopus, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for eligible case-control studies of risk factors for NODAT in RTRs published between 1990 and 2019. Meta-analysis of proportions was performed using the Freeman–Tukey transformation to calculate weighted summary proportions from a fixed and random effects model.
Results. A total of 13 case-control studies were included in the meta-analysis. Of the total 849 studies found, 13 were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis, including ours, with a total of n=6797 RTRs, of which n=1305 patients with NODAT and n=5492 without NODAT. A wide range of data was recorded for the analysis of the incidence of NODAT (6.5–50.7%), with an average of 17.9% (fixed model) or 24.3% (random model). The proportion of NODAT recorded in the Russian registry of the City Clinical Hospital №52 was lower (11.5%), however, the data in the analyzed studies were highly heterogeneous: I2=98.14%, 95% CI: from 97.61 to 98.55, p0.0001, Begg's test (p=0.05) and Egger's test (p=0.01) do not exclude the presence of publication bias in this case. Data on NODAT risk factors were less heterogeneous. This meta-analysis showed that age, polycystic kidney disease, i-mTOR and steroid therapy were associated with NODAT, whereas gender, calcineurin inhibitor use, and cadaveric kidney were not. There was no evidence of selection bias in any of the cases.
Conclusion. Risk factors for NODAT in kidney transplant recipients include older age, polycystic kidney disease, i-mTOR and steroid therapy, which initiate a state of insulin resistance. To reduce the risk of NODAT, the possibility of modifying immunosuppression regimens and the use of drugs that reduce insulin resistance and have a nephroprotective effect in RTRs should be considered. Therefore, randomized studies are needed to evaluate SGLT2 inhibitor in RTRs.
Sudden cardiac death and decompensation of heart failure: how to reduce the risks. A review
Authors: Kuleshova Marina V. , Uskach Tatiana M. , Sapelnikov Oleg V.
Published: February 2025

The main causes of death in patients with heart failure (HF) are sudden cardiac death and decompensation of HF, especially with a low left ventricular ejection fraction. The prediction and prevention of risk factors for the development of these conditions are important goals both for guideline-directed medical therapy and for electrophysiological treatment methods. The article presents an overview of clinical studies devoted to the study of implantable cardioverter defibrillators in the prevention of sudden cardiac death, highlights the issues of monitoring the course of HF. Special attention is paid to multisensory monitoring in implantable devices equipped with a unique set of sensors for early diagnosis of the development of HF decompensation. It is expected that the practical use of such devices will reduce the number of exacerbations and hospitalizations for HF by detecting signs of threatening decompensation of blood circulation before the appearance of active symptoms, and as a result will reduce mortality in this category of patients.
History of patient education for chronic diseases (with diabetes mellitus as an example): from an idea to the branch of modern medicine
Authors: Surkova Elena V. , Glinkina Irina V. , Gurova Olesya Y. , Mamleeva Diana V. , Galstyan Gagik R.
Published: February 2025

The article describes the history of the formation of therapeutic education as one of the most essential components of the treatment of chronic diseases, in particular diabetes. The varieties and methods of programs for patients existing in the Russian Federation are considered in detail.
Efficacy of iptacopan monotherapy for suboptimal response to eculizumab in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Authors: Klimova Olesya U. , Golubovskaya Irina K. , Kuznetsov Yuriy N. , Marchenko Maria V. , Kulagin Alexander D.
Published: February 2025

Aim. To evaluate the hematological response within 4 weeks of iptacopan monotherapy in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and suboptimal response to long-term eculizumab therapy.
Materials and methods. The analysis included 8 patients, median age 32 years, with persistent anemia on long-term therapy with eculizumab. The hematological response was assessed when switching to oral monotherapy with iptacopan 200 mg twice daily for 4 weeks.
Results. After 4 weeks of iptacopan therapy, an increase in hemoglobin levels by more than 20 g/l was achieved in 7/8 (88%), and a complete response in 6/8 (75%) patients. The median increase in hemoglobin levels was 32.5 g/l from the initial 85.5 g/l (74–100) to 121.5 g/l (80–141); p=0.00013. Independence from red blood cell transfusions was achieved in 100% of cases. Achieving a hematological response to iptacopan therapy was accompanied by a decrease in the level of absolute reticulocyte count, bilirubin and lactate dehydrogenase, as well as a negative result of the anti-C3d direct antiglobulin test.
Conclusion. The oral complement factor B inhibitor iptacopan is an effective treatment option for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria in patients with a suboptimal response to complement inhibitor C5 due to more effective control of extravascular C3-mediated hemolysis.
THE ROLE OF GOVERNANCE IN HELPING FAMILY BUSINESSES TO GAIN COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE. LESSONS LEARNT FROM AN AGRIBUSINESS CASE STUDY
Authors: Barbea Federico, G. Topolansky , Mossb Nicholas
Published: February 2025

Family-owned businesses have their unique strategic advantages and challenges. One of the challenges encountered in the dynamics of a family business is the development of its business strategy. Business strategy plays a key role in helping companies to achieve and sustain competitive advantage. A board including outside directors could aid family businesses with its expertise to craft and implement resilient strategies. Within this context, this paper aims to critically analyse the role of governance in family businesses using an agribusiness case study from Kenia. This study uses a qualitative research approach. Primary data were collected from board members and shareholders working at Kisima farm. The results of this study indicate that having a board of directors have helped the selected agribusiness enterprise to develop successful strategies in a very competitive environment. Findings have revealed that when managed infectively, a board may become a liability. The findings of this research make a contribution to the existing literature by extending current knowledge within this domain and identifying the key issues surrounding the use of a board of directors in an agribusiness enterprise.
Perceptions of the Use of EveryCircuit-Based Virtual Laboratory on Dynamic Electricity Material
Authors: Hajar Siti , Akbar Muhammad , Silaban Adeline , G. D Lasmono S. Paulus
Published: February 2025

The integration of virtual laboratories has become an innovative solution for enhancing physics education, particularly in addressing challenges related to limited access to physical laboratory resources. This study aims to investigate the perceptions of physics education students at Cenderawasih University regarding the use of EveryCircuit-based virtual laboratories in learning dynamic electricity concepts. A quantitative descriptive approach was employed, with data collected through an online questionnaire distributed to 16 students. The questionnaire assessed three key aspects: material comprehension, usability of the EveryCircuit application, and students’ motivation and skills. The results revealed that 42.50% of students agreed that the EveryCircuit-based virtual laboratory improved their understanding of dynamic electricity concepts, while 46.87% agreed on its usability, and 43.75% reported enhanced motivation and skills. Despite positive responses, some challenges emerged, including limited proficiency in using EveryCircuit and occasional technical barriers such as unstable internet connections. Overall, the findings suggest that EveryCircuit-based virtual laboratories offer an effective alternative for teaching dynamic electricity, promoting a more interactive and accessible learning environment. The study recommends further research to address technical challenges and improve training on the use of virtual laboratory tools. Additionally, incorporating complementary digital resources and hands-on guidance could enhance the overall effectiveness of virtual laboratory implementation in physics education.
Apartemen Millenial Dengan Pendekatan Arsitektur Biophilic Di Makassar
Authors: FAJAR RIFKI SURYA , Amal Citra Amalia , Abdullah Ashari , Zainuddin Salmiah , Syahriyunita Andi , Paddiyatu Nurhikmah
Published: February 2025

Jumlah generasi Millenial dikota makassar akan mengalami kenaikan selama 5-10 tahun kedepan sehingga dampak dari pertumbuhan penduduk mengakibatkan kebutuhan hunian semakin tinggi serta sulitnya lahan untuk hunian pada pusat kota yang strategis. Apartemen Millenial berlokasi di jl. Letjen hertasning makassar dengan luas lahan 9200 m2. lokasi tersebut berada di kecamatan rappocini pusat kota makassar yang strategis, seusai RT/RW, ketersediaan sarana, prasarana dan infrastruktur kota. Apartemen yang di rencanakan terdiri dari 3 fungsi utama yaitu sebagai hunian, pengelola dan pendukung dengan total luas 39.516 m2. Perancangan yang dibuat menggunakan pendekatan arsitektur biophilic. Arsitektur biophilic adalah tema pendekatan yang menyatukan bentuk dan unsur alam kedalam lingkungan hunian seperti menambahkan vegetasi, vertical garden, rooftop garden, elemen air dan sebagainya. Selain itu yang menjadi problem saat ini terhadap bangunan ialah isu lingkungan seperti, banjir, air bersih, sampah, dan kurangnya RTH. Tema Biophilic berkaitan dengan isu lingkungan sehingga mampu memberikan kontribusi untuk mengurangi isu-isu tersabut terhadapat bangunan.