bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coastal vulnerability assessment of the West African coast to flooding and erosion
Authors: Dada Olusegun A. , Almar Rafael , Morand Pierre
Published: January 2024

Global coastal areas are at risk due to geomorphological issues, climate change-induced sea-level rise, and increasing human population, settlements, and socioeconomic activities. Here, the study examines the vulnerability of the West African (WA) coast using six satellite-derived geophysical variables and two key socioeconomic parameters as indicators of coastal vulnerability index (CVI). These geophysical and socioeconomic variables are integrated to develop a CVI for the WA coast. Then, the regional hotspots of vulnerability with the main indicators that could influence how the WA coast behaves and can be managed are identified. The results indicate that 64, 17 and 19% of WA coastal areas had high to very high CVI, moderate CVI, and low to very low CVI, respectively. The study reveals that while geophysical variables contribute to coastal vulnerability in WA, socioeconomic factors, particularly high population growth and unsustainable human development at the coast, play a considerably larger role. Some sections of the WA coast are more vulnerable and exposed than others, particularly those in the region's northwestern and Gulf of Guinea regions. Climate change and human presence may amplify the vulnerability in these vulnerable areas in the future. Hence, future coastal economic development plans should be based on a deep understanding of local natural conditions, resource status, and geophysical parameters to prevent negative coastal ecosystem transformation. It is also essential to establish a coastal management plan that would facilitate the development of desired actions and stimulate sustainable management of West African coastal areas.
Prediction method of longitudinal surface settlement caused by double shield tunnelling based on deep learning
Authors: Shang Wentao , Li Yan , Wei Huanwei , Qiu Youbao , Chen Chaowei , Gao Xiangrong
Published: January 2024

The deep learning method faces the challenges of small sample data and high dimensional shield operational parameters in predicting the longitudinal surface settlement caused by shield excavation. In this study, various optimization algorithms were compared, and the slime mould algorithm (SMA) was optimally chosen to optimize the hyperparameters of random forest (RF), and SMA-RF was used for dimensionality reduction and feature contribution analysis. A double-input deep neural network (D-DNN) framework was proposed for the prediction of surface settlement, which considers the influence of twin tunnels and effectively increases the high-fidelity data in the database. The results show that SMA performs best among various optimization algorithms; employing features that have a cumulative contribution value exceeding 90% as input can result in high prediction accuracy; there is significant uncertainty in the feature contribution analysis for small sample data; the reduced shield running parameters show a strong nonlinear relationship with surface settlement; compared with S-DNN, D-DNN takes into account the excavation of twin tunnels and expands the database capacity by more than 1.5 times, with an average increase of 27.85% in the R2 and an average decrease of 53.2% in the MAE.
Humans create more novelty than ChatGPT when asked to retell a story
Authors: Breithaupt Fritz , Otenen Ege , Wright Devin R. , Kruschke John K. , Li Ying , Tan Yiyan
Published: January 2024

We compare how humans retell stories to how ChatGPT retells stories in chains of three retellings by different people or different accounts on ChatGPT. ChatGPT provides competent summaries of the original narrative texts in one step of retelling. In subsequent retellings few additional changes occur. Human retellers, by contrast, reduce the original text incrementally and by creating 55–60% of novel words and concepts (synsets) at each iteration. The retellings by both ChatGPT and humans show very stable emotion ratings, which is a puzzle for human retellers given the high degree of novel inventions across retellings. ChatGPT maintains more nouns, adjectives, and prepositions and also uses language later acquired in life, while humans use more verbs, adverbs, and negations and use language acquired at a younger age. The results reveal that spontaneous retelling by humans involves ongoing creativity, anchored by emotions, beyond the default probabilistic wording of large language models such as ChatGPT.
Apatinib weakens proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis of thyroid cancer cells through downregulating pyruvate kinase M2
Authors: Yang Xia , Li Wenhong , Han Xiaoying , Wang Jiao , Dai Jianjian , Ye Xin , Meng Min
Published: January 2024

Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most frequent malignancy of the endocrine system. Apatinib, as an anti-angiogenic agent, has been applied in the therapy of several cancers. However, the function and mechanism of Apatinib in TC have not been clearly elucidated. After processing with Apatinib alone or combined PKM2 overexpression plasmids, cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were analyzed by EdU staining, CCK-8, wound healing, and Transwell. Meanwhile. HUVECs were incubated with the conditioned medium prepared from cell culture medium, and tube formation and VEGFR2 expression in HUVECs were examined using tube formation and immunofluorescence (IF) assays. Besides, we established a nude mouse xenograft model by lentivirus-mediated PKM2 shRNAs, and tested the growth of tumors; the pathological structure was analyzed with H&E staining. And the expressions of N-cadherin, Vimentin, E-cadherin, PKM2, VEGFA, VEGFR2, and Ki67 were determined by immunohistochemistry or Western blot. Apatinib could prominently suppress proliferation, migration, invasion, and HUVEC tube formation in SW579 and TPC-1 cells. Besides, we discovered that Apatinib had a significant inhibitory role on the expression of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) in TC cells. And PKM2 overexpression also could notably reverse Apatinib-mediated inhibition of TC progression. Moreover, PKM2 shRNAs were applied to TC xenografts, resulting in significant reduction in tumor volume and suppression of angiogenesis-related protein expression. In summary, Apatinib has a regulatory role in TC progression, and Apatinib can block cancer cell angiogenesis by downregulating PKM2. This will provide a theoretical basis for therapy of TC.
The semantics of gaze in person perception: a novel qualitative-quantitative approach
Authors: Landmann Eva , Breil Christina , Huestegge Lynn , Böckler Anne
Published: January 2024

Interpreting gaze behavior is essential in evaluating interaction partners, yet the ‘semantics of gaze’ in dynamic interactions are still poorly understood. We aimed to comprehensively investigate effects of gaze behavior patterns in different conversation contexts, using a two-step, qualitative-quantitative procedure. Participants watched video clips of single persons listening to autobiographic narrations by another (invisible) person. The listener’s gaze behavior was manipulated in terms of gaze direction, frequency and direction of gaze shifts, and blink frequency; emotional context was manipulated through the valence of the narration (neutral/negative). In Experiment 1 (qualitative-exploratory), participants freely described which states and traits they attributed to the listener in each condition, allowing us to identify relevant aspects of person perception and to construct distinct rating scales that were implemented in Experiment 2 (quantitative-confirmatory). Results revealed systematic and differential meanings ascribed to the listener’s gaze behavior. For example, rapid blinking and fast gaze shifts were rated more negatively (e.g., restless and unnatural) than slower gaze behavior; downward gaze was evaluated more favorably (e.g., empathetic) than other gaze aversion types, especially in the emotionally negative context. Overall, our study contributes to a more systematic understanding of flexible gaze semantics in social interaction.
Estimation of pore structure and permeability in tight carbonate reservoir based on machine learning (ML) algorithm using SEM images of Jaisalmer sub-basin, India
Authors: Yalamanchi Pydiraju , Datta Gupta Saurabh
Published: January 2024

Analyzing the pore structure in carbonate reservoirs plays a crucial role in predicting fluid flow characteristics within these formations. The goal of the study was to use machine learning techniques for pore structure analysis and estimation of permeability in carbonate reservoirs. We implemented these algorithms by examining 2D scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of carbonate samples from the Jaisalmer sub-basin captured at various magnifications. In the initial stage of the analysis, various binarization algorithms were applied to determine carbonate sample porosity. Among these algorithms, the MaxEntropy algorithm gave a porosity value closely aligned with those obtained through petrography analysis. We employed the watershed algorithm to find the pore network parameters of carbonate samples at various magnifications. We observed that changes in magnification affected pore network parameters, resulting in a reduction in pore size distribution, throat radius, and grain size. Subsequently, we employed the numerical lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) to estimate the permeability of carbonate samples and compared to values derived from well logs. We employed machine learning (ML) algorithms, specifically Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM), to predict the permeability of carbonate samples. The input features for these models were the pore network parameters, while the LBM permeability values served as the output. We examine the prediction performance of these methods against the measured LBM permeability by conducting the error analysis and the coefficient of determination ($${R}^{2}$$R2) calculation. Our findings revealed that the ANN models outperformed the SVM models. Specifically, the ANN model displayed an impressive R2value of 0.892, along with root mean square error (RMSE), mean squared error (MSE) and, mean absolute error (MAE) values of 1.927, 3.716 and 1.580, respectively. In contrast, the SVM model yielded an R2value of 0.849, with RMSE, MSE and, MAE values of 2.324, 5.401 and, 2.166 respectively, when assessed on testing data of measured permeability. This study found that ANN is more dependable, robust, and precise than SVM in forecasting carbonate sample permeability.
QBO modulation of MJO teleconnections in the North Pacific: impact of preceding MJO phases
Authors: Kang Min-Jee , Kim Hera , Son Seok-Woo
Published: January 2024

This study examines the influence of the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO) on the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) teleconnections in the North Pacific using ERA5 data. It is found that the Rossby wave trains induced by MJO phase 6–7 exhibit greater strength and robustness during the westerly QBO winter (WQBO) than during the easterly QBO winter (EQBO), although the MJO itself is weaker during the former. This counter-intuitive dependency of MJO teleconnections on the QBO is attributed to the preexisting MJO teleconnections prior to the MJO phase 6–7. The MJO phase 6–7 is more frequently preceded by stronger MJO phase 3–4 during the EQBO than during the WQBO. The preceding MJO phase 3–4 teleconnections, which have opposed signs to the MJO phase 6–7 teleconnections, result in a considerable attenuation of the MJO phase 6–7 teleconnections by destructive interference. This result is supported by linear model experiments. The subseasonal-to-seasonal prediction models also indicate improved prediction skills of MJO phase 6–7 teleconnections during the WQBO compared to the EQBO. These results suggest that enhanced MJO activities during the EQBO do not necessarily result in stronger and more robust MJO teleconnections in the North Pacific.
Metastable nickel–oxygen species modulate rate oscillations during dry reforming of methane
Authors: Sandoval-Diaz Luis , Cruz Daniel , Vuijk Maurits , Ducci Gianmarco , Hävecker Michael , Jiang Wulyu , Plodinec Milivoj , Hammud Adnan , Ivanov Danail , Götsch Thomas , Reuter Karsten , Schlögl Robert , Scheurer Christoph , Knop-Gericke Axel , Lunkenbein Thomas
Published: January 2024

When a heterogeneous catalyst is active, it forms metastable structures that constantly transform into each other. These structures contribute differently to the catalytic function. Here we show the role of different metastable oxygen species on a Ni catalyst during dry reforming of methane by combining environmental scanning electron microscopy, near ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, on-line product detection and computer vision. We highlight the critical role of dissociative CO2 adsorption in regulating the oxygen content of the catalyst and in CH4 activation. We also discover rate oscillations during dry reforming of methane resulting from the sequential transformation of metastable oxygen species that exhibit different catalytic properties: atomic surface oxygen, subsurface oxygen and bulk NiOx. The imaging approach allowed the localization of fluctuating surface regions that correlated directly with catalytic activity. The study highlights the importance of metastability and operando analytics in catalysis science and provides impetus towards the design of catalytic systems.
Oral d-ribose causes depressive-like behavior by altering glycerophospholipid metabolism via the gut-brain axis
Authors: Xu Ke , Ren Yi , Zhao Shuang , Feng Jinzhou , Wu Qingyuan , Gong Xue , Chen Jianjun , Xie Peng
Published: January 2024

Our previous work has shown that d-ribose (RIB)-induced depressive-like behaviors in mice. However, the relationship between variations in RIB levels and depression as well as potential RIB participation in depressive disorder is yet unknown. Here, a reanalysis of metabonomics data from depressed patients and depression model rats is performed to clarify whether the increased RIB level is positively correlated with the severity of depression. Moreover, we characterize intestinal epithelial barrier damage, gut microbial composition and function, and microbiota-gut-brain metabolic signatures in RIB-fed mice using colonic histomorphology, 16 S rRNA gene sequencing, and untargeted metabolomics analysis. The results show that RIB caused intestinal epithelial barrier impairment and microbiota-gut-brain axis dysbiosis. These microbial and metabolic modules are consistently enriched in peripheral (fecal, colon wall, and serum) and central (hippocampus) glycerophospholipid metabolism. In addition, three differential genera (Lachnospiraceae_UCG-006, Turicibacter, and Akkermansia) and two types of glycerophospholipids (phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine) have greater contributions to the overall correlations between differential genera and glycerophospholipids. These findings suggest that the disturbances of gut microbiota by RIB may contribute to the onset of depressive-like behaviors via regulating glycerophospholipid metabolism, and providing new insight for understanding the function of microbiota-gut-brain axis in depression.
Cerebrospinal fluid proteomics in patients with Alzheimer’s disease reveals five molecular subtypes with distinct genetic risk profiles
Authors: Tijms Betty M. , Vromen Ellen M. , Mjaavatten Olav , Holstege Henne , Reus Lianne M. , van der Lee Sven , Wesenhagen Kirsten E. J. , Lorenzini Luigi , Vermunt Lisa , Venkatraghavan Vikram , Tesi Niccoló , Tomassen Jori , den Braber Anouk , Goossens Julie , Vanmechelen Eugeen , Barkhof Frederik , Pijnenburg Yolande A. L. , van der Flier Wiesje M. , Teunissen Charlotte E. , Berven Frode S. , Visser Pieter Jelle
Published: January 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is heterogenous at the molecular level. Understanding this heterogeneity is critical for AD drug development. Here we define AD molecular subtypes using mass spectrometry proteomics in cerebrospinal fluid, based on 1,058 proteins, with different levels in individuals with AD (n = 419) compared to controls (n = 187). These AD subtypes had alterations in protein levels that were associated with distinct molecular processes: subtype 1 was characterized by proteins related to neuronal hyperplasticity; subtype 2 by innate immune activation; subtype 3 by RNA dysregulation; subtype 4 by choroid plexus dysfunction; and subtype 5 by blood–brain barrier impairment. Each subtype was related to specific AD genetic risk variants, for example, subtype 1 was enriched with TREM2 R47H. Subtypes also differed in clinical outcomes, survival times and anatomical patterns of brain atrophy. These results indicate molecular heterogeneity in AD and highlight the need for personalized medicine.
Airborne transmission efficiency of SARS-CoV-2 in Syrian hamsters is not influenced by environmental conditions
Authors: Yinda Claude Kwe , Port Julia R. , Bushmaker Trenton , Schulz Jonathan E. , Gallogly Shane , Fischer Robert J. , Munster Vincent J.
Published: January 2024

Several human respiratory viruses display a clear seasonal pattern with a higher incidence in the winter season in temperate regions. We previously determined that SARS-CoV-2 is more stable at low-temperature and low-humidity conditions compared to warmer temperature and higher-humidity. To determine if this translates into differential airborne transmission rates in vivo, we performed airborne transmission experiments in the Syrian hamster model under three different environmental conditions (10 °C, 45% relative humidity (RH), 22 °C, 45% RH, and 27 °C, 65% RH). We compared the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 Lineage A with the more transmissible Delta Variant of Concern (VOC). Airborne transmission was evaluated using SARS-CoV-2 infected donor animals at 24 h post inoculation. Sentinels were placed at a 90 cm distance in a transmission set-up and exposed for 1-h to infected donor animals. While environmental conditions moderately impacted lung RNA titers, the shedding kinetics of the donors were not affected by the environmental conditions and did not differ significantly between variants on day 1. Overall, the highest transmission efficiency was observed at 22 °C, 40%RH for Delta (62.5%, based on seroconversion), and ranged between 37.5 and 50% for all other conditions. However, these differences were not significant. To elucidate this further, we performed aerosol stability comparisons and found that infectious virus remained stable during a 1-h time window across all conditions. Our data suggest that even when environmental conditions affect the stability of SARS-CoV-2, this may not directly be translatable to measurable impacts on transmission in an experimental setting when exposure time is restricted.
Endonuclease IV and T4 ligase enhanced detection of mutations in low abundance
Authors: Li Bo , Wang Chunyan
Published: January 2024

Single base mutations on a dsDNA substrate with an AP site incorporated could be easily detected through a one-pot reaction of enzymes.
A dual-ligand lanthanide-based metal–organic framework for highly selective and sensitive colorimetric detection of Fe2+
Authors: Li Miaomiao , Dong Hui , Chen Yanan , Hao Wanqing , Wang Yixin , Zhang Yaqian , Zhang Ziyi , Hao Yizhao , Zhou Yanli , Li Fei , Liu Lantao
Published: January 2024

Design and synthesis of dual-ligand lanthanide-based metal–organic frameworks for highly sensitive colorimetric detection of Fe2+.
A donor–acceptor cage for circularly polarized TADF emission
Authors: Chen Lihua , Li Chenfei , Liu Zheng-Fei , Kuboi Yoshiaki , Fu Enguang , Vargas Lydia Sosa , Adachi Chihaya , Mathevet Fabrice , Zhang Shaodong
Published: January 2024

Herein, we report the first example of chiral donor–acceptor cage DA-2 displaying efficient circularly polarized thermally activated delayed fluorescence (CP-TADF) with |glum| values up to 2.1 × 10−3 and PLQY of 32%.
Noncovalent interaction network of chalcogen, halogen and hydrogen bonds for supramolecular β-sheet organization
Authors: Cao Jinlian , Weng Peimin , Qi Yuanwei , Lin Kexin , Yan Xiaosheng
Published: January 2024

The alanine-based bilateral building block adopts a β-sheet organization in both the solid state and CH3CN solution, achieved via a noncovalent interaction network composed of intramolecular chalcogen bonds and intermolecular halogen/hydrogen bonds.
Single-molecule detection assisted by the target-triggered signal amplification strategy for ultrasensitive quantitative analysis of intracellular telomerase activity
Authors: Jiang Chengfang , Wang Qi , Geng Jing , Li Mengmeng , Zhang Yuqi , Shi Xinli , Zhang Yan , Song Xinyue , Zhang Shusheng
Published: January 2024

An ultrasensitive detection method was developed, which combined the catalytic hairpin assay and the single-molecule assay to analyze intracellular telomerase.
Carbonyl-linked cobalt polyphthalocyanines as high-selectivity catalyst for electrochemical CO2 reduction
Authors: Jin Haisen , Di Yajing , Gu Yueang , Chen Yu , Dou Meiling , Zhang Zhengping , Wang Feng
Published: January 2024

Carbonyl-linked cobalt polyphthalocyanines exhibit a highly selective CO2 reduction performance due to the electronegative carbonyl groups impeding the proton transfer.
A twisted carbonaceous nanotube as the air-electrode for flexible Zn–Air batteries
Authors: Hua Rong , Bao Zijia , Peng Yuxin , Lei Haitao , Liang Zuozhong , Zhang Wei , Cao Rui , Zheng Haoquan
Published: January 2024

Exploring electrocatalysts with high-efficiency oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is significant for practical applications of fuel cells and metal–air batteries.
Mechanism for the long afterglow in Eu2O3 and Nd2O3 co-doped SrAl2O4 single crystals
Authors: Zhang Qunyue , Lu Yuchen , Goodman Bernard A. , Hou Jingwen , Ye Shanshan , Huang Bin , Xu Shoulei , Deng Wen , Xiong Dingkang
Published: January 2024

A long afterglow luminescence mechanism of SrAl2O4 crystals co-doped with Nd2O3 and Eu2O3 is proposed.
Exploration of elastic moduli of molecular crystals via database screening by pretrained neural network potential
Authors: Taniguchi Takuya
Published: January 2024

Elastic moduli of molecular crystals can be predicted using pretrained neural network potential, showing sufficient agreement with experimental data.
Theoretical investigation of nucleophilic substitution reaction of phenyl carbonyl isothiocyanates with pyridines in gas and polar aprotic solvent
Authors: Adhikary Keshab Kumar , Verpoort Francis , Heynderickx Philippe M.
Published: January 2024

This study focuses on the mutual interaction of substituents in the nucleophiles and substrates – Hammett–Brønsted parameters (ρXY, ρX, ρY and βX) and Fukui function are considered for the study.
Inducing abundant magnetic phases and enhancing magnetic stability by edge modifications and physical regulations for NiI2 nanoribbons
Authors: Yi Yu , Han Jianing , Li Zhanhai , Cao Shengguo , Zhang Zhenhua
Published: January 2024

Investigations on the magnetic phase transitions and enhancement of magnetic stability for NiI2 ribbons with edge modifications and physical regulations.
A multiple cancer cell optical biosensing metastructure realized by CPA
Authors: Zou Jia-Hao , Sui Jun-Yang , Wu You-Ran , Zhang Hai-Feng
Published: January 2024

A one-dimensional optical biosensing metastructure (OBM) with graphene layers is presented in this paper.
Dissociative electron attachment to carbon tetrachloride probed by velocity map imaging
Authors: Paul Anirban , Nandi Dhananjay , Slaughter Daniel S. , Fedor Juraj , Nag Pamir
Published: January 2024

Bond-breaking in CCl4via dissociative electron attachment (DEA) has been studied using a velocity map imaging (VMI) spectrometer.
Vacancy-mediated inelasticity in two-dimensional vanadium-based dichalcogenides
Authors: Baski Akash , Singh Zimmi , Mukherjee Sankha
Published: January 2024

Temperature dependent inelasticity in two-dimensional Vanadium based dichalcogenides.
Influence of temperature on bend, twist and twist–bend coupling of dsDNA
Authors: Zhang Zihao , Mou Xuankang , Zhang Yahong , He Linli , Li Shiben
Published: January 2024

The bending persistence length depends linearly on temperature based on the MS and TWLC models, in which the discrepancy disappears at high temperature.
Interface thermal conductivities induced by van der Waals interactions
Authors: Dong H. M. , Liang H. P. , Tao Z. H. , Duan Y. F. , Milošević M. V. , Chang K.
Published: January 2024

The heat transfer induced by van der Waals contacts is dominated by ZA phonons. The interface thermal conductivity is proportional to the cubic of temperature, but becomes linearly proportional to temperature as temperature increases.
The coexistence of high piezoelectricity and superior optical absorption in Janus Bi2X2Y (X = Te, Se; Y = Te, Se, S) monolayers
Authors: Cao Shu-Hao , Zhang Tian , Geng Hua-Yun , Chen Xiang-Rong
Published: January 2024

Novel semiconductors, Janus Bi2X2Y monolayers with superior optical absorption and a Janus Bi2Te2S monolayer with high piezoelectric strain coefficient.
Machine learning-based correction for spin–orbit coupling effects in NMR chemical shift calculations
Authors: Kleine Büning Julius B. , Grimme Stefan , Bursch Markus
Published: January 2024

The relativistic spin–orbit contributions to 13C and 1H NMR chemical shifts in the vicinity of heavy atoms are computed using a novel Δ-machine learning approach at virtually no extra computational cost.
Coerulein B: a water-soluble and water-compatible near-infrared photoredox catalyst
Authors: Tanioka Masaru , Oyama Masaya , Nakajima Kaito , Mori Minori , Harada Mei , Matsuya Yuji , Kamino Shinichiro
Published: January 2024

We report a water-soluble and water-compatible near-infrared photoredox catalyst, coerulein B, as a new candidate photocatalyst for use in biological reactions.
Enhancement of near-field thermal radiation between composite materials with gradient plasmonic nanoparticles
Authors: Ge Wen-Xuan , Ogundare Rasheed Toyin , Gao Lei
Published: January 2024

Exploring NFRHT in composite materials: leveraging gradient plasmonic nanoparticles' mode frequency red-shift several times enhanced thermal radiation.
Global minimum and a heap of low-lying isomers with planar tetracoordinate carbon in the CAl3MgH2− system
Authors: Malhan Abdul Hamid , Thirumoorthy Krishnan
Published: January 2024

A global minimum and a heap of low-lying isomers with planar tetracoordinate carbon (ptC) are identified in the CAl3MgH2− system by computational quantum chemical investigations.
First 4,7-oxygenated 1,10-phenanthroline-2,9-diamides: synthesis, tautomerism and complexation with REE nitrates
Authors: Avagyan Nane A. , Lemport Pavel S. , Roznyatovsky Vitaly A. , Averin Alexei D. , Yakushev Alexei A. , Lyssenko Konstantin A. , Perfilyev Pavel D. , Isakovskaya Ksenia L. , Aksenova Svetlana A. , Nelyubina Yulia V. , Vokuev Mikhail F. , Rodin Igor A. , Gloriozov Igor P. , Ustynyuk Yuri A. , Nenajdenko Valentine G.
Published: January 2024

The hydrolysis of 4,7-dihalogenated 1,10-phenanthroline-2,9-dicarboxamides was investigated in details. The resulting 4,7-oxygenated derivatives adopt dihydroxy tautomeric form upon complexation with lanthanides nitrates.
LA-ICP-MS/MS-based Rb–Sr isotope mapping for geochronology
Authors: Kutzschbach Martin , Glodny Johannes
Published: January 2024

2D imaging of the Rb/Sr age distribution in deformed mica with μm-spatial resolution.
SARS-CoV-2-induced disruption of a vascular bed in a microphysiological system caused by type-I interferon from bronchial organoids
Authors: Fujimoto Kazuya , Kameda Yoshikazu , Nagano Yuta , Deguchi Sayaka , Yamamoto Takuya , Krol Rafal P. , Gee Peter , Matsumura Yasufumi , Okamoto Toru , Nagao Miki , Takayama Kazuo , Yokokawa Ryuji
Published: January 2024

3D co-culture of vascular bed and bronchial organoids in microfluidic device was established to assess SARS-CoV-2 effect, showing vascular bed damage upon the virus application, despite the absence of infection in the vascular endothelial cells.
Understanding organotropism in cancer metastasis using microphysiological systems
Authors: Ko Jihoon , Song Jiyoung , Lee Yedam , Choi Nakwon , Kim Hong Nam
Published: January 2024

Organotropism is an important concept to explain the process of cancer metastasis. In this paper, we introduce microphysiological systems with simultaneous physiological relevance and high throughput to recapitulate the series of cancer progression.
Hole doping at Sn sublattice of the buckled honeycomb SnX (X = S and Se) monolayer: an efficient functionalization approach
Authors: Hoat D. M. , Guerrero-Sanchez J.
Published: January 2024

Stable honeycomb SnX (X = S and Se) monolayers are functionalized by doping with IA- and IIIA-group atoms for spintronic applications.
PDE-stable 2′3′-cGAMP analogues, containing 5′-S-phosphorothioester linkage, as STING agonists
Authors: Yeboah Simpa K. , Sintim Herman O.
Published: January 2024

The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) has emerged as a promising target for cancer immunotherapy.
Preparation and evaluation of a niosomal delivery system containing G. mangostana extract and study of its anti-Acanthamoeba activity
Authors: Sangkana Suthinee , Eawsakul Komgrit , Ongtanasup Tassanee , Boonhok Rachasak , Mitsuwan Watcharapong , Chimplee Siriphorn , Paul Alok K. , Saravanabhavan Shanmuga Sundar , Mahboob Tooba , Nawaz Muhammad , Pereira Maria L. , Wilairatana Polrat , Wiart Christophe , Nissapatorn Veeranoot
Published: January 2024

Garcinia mangostana extract (GME) has severe pharmacokinetic deficiencies and is made up of a variety of bioactive components.
Phytic acid-modified waste paper-derived cellulose for lanthanum capture: fabrication concept and affinity mechanism
Authors: Yuan Bangwen , An Qingda , Xiao Zuoyi , Dong Xiaoling , Zhu Kairuo , Shao Guolin , Zhai Shangru , Ha Chang-Sik
Published: January 2024

Waste paper-derived composite adsorbents with high affinity for La(iii) capture.
Facile one-pot synthesis of a waste copper phthalocyanine-derived nanocomposite for efficiently removing dyes from wastewater
Authors: Munshi Munazza , Khan Tanzila , Bhakare Madhuri , Kadam Ankita , Some Surajit
Published: January 2024

Water pollution from synthetic dyes is a growing environmental concern and there is an urgent need for the development of eco-friendly, cost-effective, rapid, simple, and effective materials for the extraction of these persistent dyes from effluents.
Organophotoredox-catalyzed stereoselective reductive dimerization of chromone-2-carboxylic esters
Authors: De Arijit , Manna Tanaya , Debnath Subhas Chandra , Husain Syed Masood
Published: January 2024

The photodimerization of chromone-2-carboxylic esters in the presence of Rose Bengal and triethanolamine (TEOA) gives access to various alkyl substituted 2,2′-bichromanones.
A floating-gate field-effect transistor memory device based on organic crystals with a built-in tunneling dielectric by a one-step growth strategy
Authors: Chen Zichen , Chen Shuai , Jiang Tianhao , Chen Shuang , Jia Ruofei , Xiao Yanling , Pan Jing , Jie Jiansheng , Zhang Xiujuan
Published: January 2024

A facile one-step liquid-surface drag coating method is developed to fabricate high-quality organic single-crystal semiconductor and tunneling dielectric layer in floating-gate organic transistors, which exhibit a multi-level data storage capability.
2D MXene electrochemical transistors
Authors: Shakya Jyoti , Kang Min-A. , Li Jian , VahidMohammadi Armin , Tian Weiqian , Zeglio Erica , Hamedi Mahiar Max
Published: January 2024

Here we show that not only conducting polymers, but also 2D MXenes can be used as materials for electrochemical transistors ECTs. MXene extend the capabilities of ECTs with properties such as extreme heat resistance, and higher conductivity/speeds.
Influence of barium substitution on the physical, thermal, optical and luminescence properties of Sm3+-doped metaphosphate glasses for reddish orange light applications
Authors: Mrabet Hounaida , Khattech Ismail , Bouzidi Souhir , Kechiche Lilia , Jbeli A. , Al Harbi Nuha , Bouzidi Chaker , Muñoz Francisco , Balda Rolindes
Published: January 2024

Our present study focuses on examining the thermal, structural and luminescent characteristics of barium and samarium oxide additions on metaphosphate glasses. Results indicate the current glasses may be a good candidate for displaying colours or visible lasers in the red-orange spectral region.
An adaptive neural design for planar rigid formation of three coleaders in unknown flowfields
Authors: Chen Weibin , Xu Peng , Chen Yang‐Yang
Published: January 2024

This article deals with the robust planar rigid formation control problem of three second‐order coleaders with unknown flowfields acting on the velocity and acceleration respectively. To yield the uniform boundedness property of the resulting system, an adaptive projection is introduced to design the novel adaptive neural control law. To avoid the derivatives of Gaussian functions of neural networks, dynamic surface is used. Simulation results are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control law.
Application and analysis of superconducting magnetic eddy current heater used in wind thermal power generation system
Authors: Zhang Wenfeng , Chen Chen , Liu Zeyuan , Wang Youhua , Liu Chengcheng
Published: January 2024

In order to cope with the grid fluctuation caused by large‐scale wind power connected to the grid, the wind thermal power generation system has been proposed and extensively studied. The wind thermal power generation system uses a wind turbine to drive a heat generation device to heat the heat storage medium, which is further exchanged to drive a turbine to generate electricity. A superconducting magnetic eddy current heater (SMH) is proposed for the characteristics of wind thermal power generation system, which uses non‐resistive, large current‐carrying superconducting coils for excitation, and has high output efficiency and power density. The working principle of magnetic eddy current heating is analysed, and the structure of SMH with no ferromagnetic material and two heating screens inside and outside is proposed according to the characteristics of SMH. An analytical model of the SMH is established, and the influence of the structure and materials of the SMH on the magnetic field distribution is analysed. Based on this, a 22‐pole SMH was designed and analysed for output power at 10–20 rpm. A three‐dimensional magnetism‐stress combined analysis model of SMH is established, and the strain and stress characteristics of SMH are simulated under the condition of maximum output power, which verifies the feasibility of the mechanical properties of existing superconducting materials for application in SMH.
Small but mighty: High-resolution spectroscopy of ultra-hot Jupiter atmospheres with compact telescopes
Authors: Borsato N. W. , Hoeijmakers H. J. , Cont D. , Kitzmann D. , Ehrhardt J. , Gössl C. , Ries C. , Prinoth B. , Molaverdikhani K. , Ercolano B. , Kellerman H. , Heng Kevin
Published: January 2024

When observing transmission spectra produced by the atmospheres of ultra-hot Jupiters (UHJs), large telescopes are typically the instrument of choice given the very weak signal of the planet’s atmopshere. The aim of the present study is to demonstrate that, for favourable targets, smaller telescopes are fully capable of conducting high-resolution cross-correlation spectroscopy. We apply the cross-correlation technique to data from the 2.1 m telescope at the Wendelstein Observatory, using its high-resolution spectrograph FOCES, in order to demonstrate its efficacy in resolving the atmosphere of the UHJ KELT-9 b. Using three nights of observations with the FOCES spectrograph and one with the HARPS-N spectrograph, we conduct a performance comparison between FOCES and HARPS-N. This comparison considers both single-transit and combined observations over the three nights. We then consider the potential of 2 m class telescopes by generalising our results to create a transit emulator capable of evaluating the potential of telescopes of this size. With FOCES, we detected seven species in the atmosphere of KELT-9b: Ti II, Fe I, Fe II, Na I, Mg I, Na II, Cr II, and Sc II. Although HARPS-N surpasses FOCES in performance thanks to the mirror of the TNG, our results reveal that smaller telescope classes are capable of resolving the atmospheres of UHJs given sufficient observing time. This broadens the potential scope of such studies, demonstrating that smaller telescopes can be used to investigate phenomena such as temporal variations in atmospheric signals and the atmospheric loss characteristics of these close-in planets.
Quantitative grain size estimation on airless bodies from the negative polarization branch
Authors: Bach Yoonsoo P. , Ishiguro Masateru , Takahashi Jun , Geem Jooyeon , Kuroda Daisuke , Naito Hiroyuki , Kwon Jungmi
Published: January 2024

This work explores characteristics of the negative polarization branch (NPB), which occurs in scattered light from rough surfaces, with particular focus on the effects of fine particles. Factors such as albedo, compression, roughness, and the refractive index are considered to determine their influence on the NPB. This study compiles experimental data and lunar observations to derive insights from a wide array of literature. Employing our proposed methodology, we estimate the representative grain sizes on the lunar surface to be D ~ 1–2 µm, with D ≲ 2–4 µm, consistent with observed grain size frequency distributions in laboratory settings for lunar fines. Considering Mars, we propose that the finest particles are likely lacking (D ≫ 10 µm), which matches previous estimations. This study highlights the potential of multiwavelength, particularly near-infrared, polarimetry for precisely gauging small particles on airless celestial bodies. The conclusions provided here extend to cross-validation with grain sizes derived from thermal modeling, asteroid taxonomic classification, and regolith evolution studies.
The properties of supermassive black holes and their host galaxies for type 1 and 2 active galactic nuclei in the eFEDS and COSMOS fields
Authors: Mountrichas G. , Georgantopoulos I.
Published: January 2024

In this study, our primary objective is to compare the properties of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) and their host galaxies between type 1 and type 2 active galactic nuclei (AGNs). In our analysis, we use X-ray detected sources in two fields, namely the eFEDS and the COSMOS-Legacy. To classify the X-ray sources, we performed a spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting analysis, using the CIGALE code. The robustness of our analysis was paramount so, to ensure this, we imposed stringent selection criteria. Thus, only sources with extensive photometric data across the optical, near- and mid-infrared part of the spectrum and reliable host galaxy properties and classifications were included. The final sample consists of 3312 AGNs, of which 3049 are classified as type 1 and 263 as type 2. The sources span a redshift range of 0.5 < z < 3.5 and encompass a wide range of X-ray luminosities, falling within 42 < log,[LX,2−10 keV(erg s−1)] < 46. Our results show that type 2 AGNs exhibit a tendency to inhabit more massive galaxies, by 0.2 − 0.3 dex (on a logarithmic scale), compared to type 1 sources. Type 2 AGNs also display, on average, lower specific black hole accretion rates, a proxy of the Eddington ratio, compared to type 1 AGNs. These differences persist across all redshifts and LX considered within our dataset. Moreover, our analysis uncovers that type 2 sources tend to have lower star formation rates compared to type 1 AGNs at z < 1. This picture reverses at z > 2 and log,[LX,2−10 keV(erg s−1)] > 44. Similar patterns emerge when we categorize AGNs based on their X-ray obscuration levels (NH). However, in this case, the observed differences are pronounced only for low-to-intermediate LX AGNs and are also sensitive to the NH threshold applied for the AGN classification. These comprehensive findings enhance our understanding of the intricate relationships governing AGN types and their host galaxy properties across diverse cosmic epochs and luminosity regimes.
Galaxy morphology classification based on Convolutional vision Transformer (CvT)
Authors: Cao Jie , Xu Tingting , Deng Yuhe , Deng Linhua , Yang Mingcun , Liu Zhijing , Zhou Weihong
Published: January 2024

Context.The classification of galaxy morphology is among the most active fields in astronomical research today. With the development of artificial intelligence technology, deep learning is a useful tool in the classification of the morphology of galaxies and significant progress has been made in this domain. However, there is still some room for improvement in terms of classification accuracy, automation, and related issues.

Aims.Convolutional vision Transformer (CvT) is an improved version of the Vision Transformer (ViT) model. It improves the performance of the ViT model by introducing a convolutional neural network (CNN). This study explores the performance of the CvT model in the area of galaxy morphology classification.

Methods.In this work, the CvT model was applied, for the first time, in a five-class classification task of galaxy morphology. We added different types and degrees of noise to the original galaxy images to verify that the CvT model achieves good classification performance, even in galaxy images with low signal-to-noise ratios (S/Ns). Then, we also validated the classification performance of the CvT model for galaxy images at different redshifts based on the low-redshift dataset GZ2 and the high-redshift dataset Galaxy Zoo CANDELS. In addition, we visualized and analyzed the classification results of the CvT model based on the t-distributed stochastic neighborhood -embedding (t-SNE) algorithm.

Results.We find that (1) compared with other five-class classification models of galaxy morphology based on CNN models, the average accuracy, precision, recall, and F1_score evaluation metrics of the CvT classification model are all higher than 98%, which is an improvement of at least 1% compared with those based on CNNs; (2) the classification visualization results show that different categories of galaxies are separated from each other in multi-dimensional space.

Conclusions.The application of the CvT model to the classification study of galaxy morphology is a novel undertaking that carries important implications for future studies.
Auditory model-based parameter estimation and selection of the most informative experimental conditions
Authors: Dietze Anna , Reinsch Anna-Lena , Encke Jörg , Dietz Mathias
Published: January 2024

Identifying the causes underlying a person’s hearing impairment is challenging. It requires linking the results of listening tests to possible pathologies of the highly non-linear auditory system. This process is further aggravated by restrictions in measurement time, especially in clinical settings. A central but difficult goal is thus, to maximize the diagnostic information that is collectable within a given time frame. This study demonstrates the practical applicability of the model-based experiment-steering procedure introduced in Herrmann and Dietz (2021, Acta Acustica, 5:51). The approach chooses the stimuli that are presented and estimates the model parameters best predicting the subject’s performance using a maximum-likelihood method. The same binaural tone-in-noise detection task was conducted using two measurement procedures: A standard adaptive staircase procedure and the model-based selection procedure based on an existing model. The model-steered procedure reached the same accuracy of model parameter estimation in on average only 42% of the time that was required with the standard adaptive procedure. Difficulties regarding the choice of a reliable model and reasonable discretization steps of its parameters are discussed. Although the physiological causes of an individual’s results cannot directly be inferred using this procedure, a characterization in terms of functional parameters is possible.
Mitigating Tipburn True Foliar Calcium Application in Indoor Hydroponicly Grown Mini Cos Lettuce
Authors: İkiz Boran , Daşgan H. Yıldız , Can Öz Burak
Published: January 2024

Hydroponic systems provide a highly advantageous environment for cultivating green leafy vegetables. Among these advantages, there is a significant acceleration in harvest compared to conventional farming methods, the attainment of high yields, enhanced leaf coloring, increased nutritional content, and improved sweetness, all of which are crucial factors. However, a particular issue known as tip burn is encountered when cultivating, especially Yedikule (Romaine) type lettuce in hydroponic systems. This study investigates various calcium dosages applied via foliar spray to mitigate tip burn on Thespian and Suntred lettuce varieties (green and red Romaine mini types). Different calcium dosages were employed for both lettuce varieties. This experiment examined various parameters for both lettuce types, including plant height, root length, stem diameter, plant age, dry weight, root dry and fresh weight, macro and micronutrient content, dry matter, and total yield. The results indicate that combining foliar calcium and adequate ventilation effectively mitigates tipburn. This research emphasizes the significance of such a combined approach in preventing tip burn in hydroponically grown lettuce, specifically Thespian and Suntred varieties.
Prospects for the use of soyan cake in the production of rye and wheat bread
Authors: Mashanova Nurbibi , Aimagambetova Raushan , Satayeva Zhuldyz , Smagulova Mirgul , Ibzhanova Ainur , Karimova Gulmaida
Published: January 2024

In this paper, an analysis was made of the use and consumption of soybean meal. Studied organoleptic, physico-chemical, functional and technological indicators of soybean cake. The safety of the use of cake in the production of bakery products has been established. Due to its economic value, reduced price, and high content of nutrients such as protein, fiber, carbohydrates and antioxidants, the use of soybean meal in the production of rye-wheat bread has been explored by partially replacing wheat flour.
Quasi-local and frequency-robust preconditioners for the Helmholtz first-kind integral equations on the disk
Authors: Alouges Francois , Averseng Martin
Published: January 2024

We propose preconditioners for the Helmholtz scattering problems by a planar, disk-shaped screen in ℝ3. Those preconditioners are approximations of the square-roots of some partial differential operators acting on the screen. Their matrix-vector products involve only a few sparse system resolu- tions and can thus be evaluated cheaply in the context of iterative methods. For the Laplace equation (i.e. for the wavenumber k = 0) with Dirichlet condition on the disk and on regular meshes, we prove that the preconditioned linear system has a bounded condition number uniformly in the mesh size. We further provide numerical evidence indicating that the preconditioners also perform well for large values of k and on locally refined meshes.
La réalité virtuelle au service de l’apprentissage en photonique
Authors: Lescieux Ludovic
Published: January 2024

Si vous n’avez jamais essayé la réalité virtuelle, faites-le ! Cette première expérience est généralement incroyable et les personnes qui font ce premier pas en ressortent impressionnées. Mais au-delà de cet effet « waouh » lors d’une première découverte, quels sont les avantages à utiliser la réalité virtuelle pour la formation ? Pour quels enseignements et comment s’assurer de l’efficacité des apprentissages ?
Pflegekompetenz, subjektives Sicherheitsgefühl und Versorgungsqualität
Authors: Klank Alex , Lang Sabrina , Lichthardt Sophia
Published: January 2024

Nach zwei Jahren Weiterbildung zu Intensiv- und Anästhesiefachpflegekräften nahmen die Autoren einen spürbaren Zuwachs ihrer pflegerischen Handlungskompetenz und ihres subjektiven Sicherheitsgefühls in der Tätigkeit als Pflegende auf der Intensivstation wahr. Daher stellten sie sich folgende Kernfragen: Was ist Pflegekompetenz beziehungsweise pflegerische Handlungskompetenz? Wie korrelieren Pflegekompetenz, subjektives Sicherheitsgefühl und pflegerische Qualität in der Patientenversorgung? Und welche Faktoren beeinflussen das subjektive Sicherheitsgefühl Pflegender auf Intensivstation? Der Beitrag hat beim 25. Intensiv-Pflegepreis 2021 den 6. Platz belegt.