bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cutting Characteristics and Reliability Analysis of Conical Picks Containing Prefabricated Grooved Rocks
Authors: Zhang Xin , Li Juntao , Li Xu , Li Qinghai
Published: August 2024

When a roadheader breaks hard rock in a roadway, the excessive cutting load causes the conical pick to experience abnormal wear, which impacts equipment stability. To improve the reliability of hard rock cutting equipment, the dynamic characteristics of prefabricated grooved rocks during cutting were investigated using a single pick cutting experimental bench in rock crushing experiments, and a conical pick cutting rock breaking finite element model was established. The rock stress state under different cutting depths and spacing conditions was analyzed, and the cutting force and the trend of the change in the specific energy consumption were elucidated. The results show that prefabricated grooves can effectively reduce the cutting load and specific energy consumption, the cutting depth and conical pick–groove spacing are the key factors affecting the cutting characteristics, and a reasonable choice of spacing and depth can help reduce the wear of conical picks and improve the working reliability of roadheaders.
Günümüzde İsim Koyma Trendleri Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Authors: Koçer Sevim
Published: August 2024

Araştırma ile günümüzde Türkiye’de konulan isimlerin kaynaklarının neler olduğu ve isim koyma ritüelleri hakkında bilgi toplanmak amaçlanmaktadır. Bu çalışma ile gençlere isimlerini kim vermiş, ne zaman vermiş, bu isimleri neden vermiş, aile geleneği olan isimler nelerdir, nasıl bir isim verme töreni yapılmış ve kendilerine verilen isimler hakkında neler düşünmektedir sorularına yanıt aranmaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklemi, amaçlı örneklem yöntemi ile seçilen farklı üniversitelerde okuyan 416 öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak anket formu kullanılmaktadır. Araştırmaya 132 erkek, 284 kadın toplam 416 öğrenci katılmıştır. Kadın katılımcılarda 156 farklı isim yer alırken; erkek katılımcılarda 88 farklı isim saptanmıştır. Erkeklerin isimlerinin yarısının dini kaynaklı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Kadınların isimlerinin kaynaklarında birinci sırada Kur’an’da geçen bir kavram, ikinci sırada bir duygu veya kişilik özelliğini temsil eden isimler ve üçüncü sırada dönemin moda isimleri yer almaktadır. Kadınların isim kaynakları açısından erkeklerden farklılaştığı görülmektedir. Kadınlarda özellikle geleneksel isimlere ekler getirilerek yeni isimler oluşturulmaktadır.
Data as an enabler for better recycling in a circular economy
Authors: Guo Wei , Li Wan , Song Wei , Friedrich Bernd , Kleinert Tobias
Published: August 2024

Recycling plays a crucial role in the circular economy (CE), as effective recycling ensures that materials enter a  sustainable loop. Industry 4.0 (I4.0) has the capability to enhance recycling efficiency and support the development of more comprehensive infrastructure. However, existing value chain (VC) models do not form a closed material and product loop, and there is insufficient information exchange between recyclers and other stakeholders. This paper extends an existing VC model and discusses the information flow required under the background of the CE. It provides a reference model for a value network in a closed material loop, which enhances the traceability of resource use and location. By mapping out the information flow, the model facilitates enhanced communication and coordination among various stakeholders.
Modelagem de sistemas complexos de vácuo a partir de conceitos fundamentais
Authors: Sousa Gabriel Geidson Johanson de , Degasperi Francisco Tadeu
Published: August 2024

O estudo de sistemas de vácuo é especialmente relevante para o dimensionamento físico desses sistemas. Contudo, diversos casos apresentam complexidade devido à quantidade de componentes considerados e aos parâmetros que dependem da pressão. O presente trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento da equação fundamental de bombeamento em vácuo para sistemas complexos de vácuo, considerando o comportamento ideal do gás. Como caso de estudo, o equacionamento foi aplicado a um sistema de vácuo real composto por duas câmaras de vácuo interligadas por meio de uma condutância, o qual é de grande interesse para a indústria de refrigeração. Como resultado, foi obtido um sistema de equações diferenciais acopladas e não lineares. A partir do equacionamento, foi desenvolvido um modelo utilizando o software matemático Maple™, aplicando as equações e os parâmetros de bombeamento da bomba de vácuo, além das dimensões características do sistema. Ainda, foi feita a consideração do gás, sendo bombeado no regime laminar de escoamento na faixa de vácuo grosseiro para validação do modelo. Os resultados obtidos apresentam as curvas de queda de pressão em função do tempo para cada uma das câmaras de vácuo em diversas situações, mostrando-se coerentes para os casos simulados.
The use of vacuum fine needle aspiration biopsy of small formations in the diagnosis of thyroid cancer
Authors: Tagil A. O. , Borsukov A. V.
Published: August 2024

Introduction. Diagnosis and treatment of lesional pathology of the thyroid are important problems in Russia and worldwide. Currently, fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is the main technique of differential diagnosis of benign and malignant tumors of the thyroid. In 2023, clinical guidelines of the European Thyroid Association (ETA) on thyroid lesion treatment were published noting possible minimally invasive treatment of benign and malignant tumors of the thyroid requiring repeat cytologic verification. Despite the proven effectiveness of FNA, its informativity and specificity vary between 60 and 100 %. Additionally, this method is associated with high risk of false negative and false positive results. Therefore, there is a need to improve FNA and minimize its disadvantages.

Aim. To evaluate the capabilities of vacuum FNA of small lesions using multiparameter ultrasound in diagnosis of thyroid cancer.

Materials and methods. At the scientific and practical problem laboratory Diagnostic Studies and Minimally Invasive Technologies of the Smolensk State Medical University, a device for vacuum FNA was developed. Between 2023 and 2024, patients with thyroid lesions of size <10 mm underwent 25 vacuum FNAs. Correlation analysis with 51 FNAs performed between 2020 and 2023 was performed.

Results. A decrease in the number of nondiagnostic (category I per the Bethesda system, 2017) and undetermined (category III per the Bethesda system, 2017) results was observed. Comparison of preoperative cytologic conclusions (category V per the Bethesda system, 2017) with the results of postoperative histological examination in patients of the control group showed benign lesions in 2 (50 %) cases which correspond to false negative results. Vacuum FNA did not show this discrepancy. These results demonstrate a decrease in the probability of false negative results and effectiveness of vacuum FNA.

Conclusion. Use of vacuum FNA expedites ultrasound-guided biopsy for small thyroid lesions. Due to high negative pressure (up to –0.8 bar), single-step retrieval of cytologic material is performed which leads to a decrease in the number of nondiagnostic and undetermined cytologic conclusions by 11.7 and 1.9 %, respectively.
Chemoreactomic study of fonturacetam effects: molecular mechanisms of influence on adipose tissue metabolism
Authors: Gromova O. A. , Torshin I. Yu.
Published: August 2024

Objective: to conduct chemoreactomic, pharmacoinformatic and chemoneurocytological analyzes of the properties of racetams (piracetam, aniracetam, pramiracetam, levetiracetam, fonturacetam).

Material and methods. Chemoreactomic, pharmacoinformatic and chemoneurocytological methods of molecule properties analyzis are based on chemoreactomic methodology – the latest direction in the application of machine learning systems in the field of postgenomic pharmacology. Analysis of pharmacological capabilities of molecules within the framework of chemoreactomic methodology is carried out by comparing the chemical structure of racetam molecules with the structures of molecules for which pharmacological properties were studied using training artificial intelligence algorithms based on big data information presented in PubChem, HMDB, STRING, PharmGKB databases. Based on the entire complex of differences between molecules in interactions with receptor proteins, an “anti-obesity” score was calculated for each one as a serial number of this molecule in descending order by corresponding IC50, EC50 chemoreactomic constants values.

Results. The lipolytic effect is predicted specifically for fonturacetam as a result of activation by this molecule of β3-adrenoceptors, adenosine receptors, glucagon-like peptide, sphingosine phosphate and peroxisome proliferators, as well as specific inhibition of cannabinoid, opioid, histamine, glutamate, nociceptin, orexin and neuropeptide Y receptors. Due to these mechanisms fonturacetam will contribute to normalizing appetite and improving adipose tissue metabolism. The total lipolytic effect score was calculated for all established interactions with receptors and amounted to 4.3±0.9 for fonturacetam, 3.0±1.4 for pramiracetam, and 2.5±1.5 for all other molecules.

Conclusion. The results of the analysis suggest that the lipolytic effects of fonturacetam (Actitropil – Pharmstandard, Russia) will be much stronger than for other racetams (piracetam, aniracetam, pramiracetam, levetiracetam). Chemoreactomic analysis of fonturacetam indicated new mechanisms of pharmacological action of the molecule, providing a decrease in excess appetite and body weight normalization. Fonturacetam is the only nootropic drug indicated for the treatment of obesity.
Academic Digest of the Center for Legal Support of Bioeconomics and Genetic Technologies of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: August 2024

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Cytokines as markers of non-functional overstrain in rowing athletes
Authors: Mamiev Nazar D. , Vasilenko Vladimir S. , Semenova Yuliya B. , Karpovskaya Ekaterina B. , Merkulova Anna V. , Kanavets Natalia S. , Ivanov Vladimir S.
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND: Regular high-intensity exercise, combined with other stressors and lack of adequate recovery time, can cause a sustained pro-inflammatory response, leading to systemic inflammation and immune dysregulation.
AIM: The aim of this study is to establish the prognostic effectiveness of proinflammatory IL-1β, TNFα, IL-8, anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 and myokine IL-6 as markers of dysfunctional overstrain and overtraining in rowing athletes.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 47 male athletes aged 18–22 years were examined, specializing in rowing, 1st category, candidates for master of sports. Of these, 28 were dynamic (4 times). The control group included 24 healthy donors, men aged 18–22 years. Cardiac overstrain was diagnosed based on 24-hour ECG data: identification of ventricular and supraventricular extrasystoles in the absence of organic changes in the heart. The content of cytokines in blood serum was determined using the Human Cytokine/Chemokine Magnetic Bead Panel 1 reagents (Merck, Millipore) on a MagPix device. The research results were processed using parametric statistics methods.
RESULTS: Rowing athletes show an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines, which can be both a consequence of adaptive changes and a sign of long-term systemic inflammation. Determination of IL-6, IL-8, TNFα may be useful for assessing the body’s adaptation to training loads. The greatest changes in the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines are observed during the competitive period, and it should be taken into account that an increase in the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 occurs in response to high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and is a sign of good adaptation.
CONCLUSIONS: The greatest importance in the diagnosis of non-functional cardiac overstrain in rowing athletes should be given to an increase in IL-1α and IL-6 and an increase in TNFα against the background of a decrease in IL-4.
Non-traditional methods of microbiota disorders correction in children born by cesarean section
Authors: Barinova Victoria V. , Bushtyreva Irina O. , Ivanov Dmitry O. , Kuznetsova Natalia B. , Artouz Ekaterina E.
Published: August 2024

The high frequency of cesarean sections, associated with an increase in the number of complications of this surgery, worries not only obstetricians and gynecologists around the world, but also pediatricians. Excessive medicalization of such a biologically natural process as childbirth, an increase in the frequency of caesarean section, the lack of contact of the fetus with the microflora of the mother’s vagina, subsequent difficulties in establishing breastfeeding directly affect the formation of the intestinal microbiota of a child in the first year of life. Today, the gut microbiome is considered as a separate human organ that determines the predisposition to the development of obesity, diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, allergies, autism and even depression. By correcting the intestinal microbiota of a child of the first year of life, it is possible to influence the risks of the formation of these diseases. The simplest and most physiological way is to establish long-term breastfeeding, since it is the oligosaccharides of the breast milk that increase the level of Bifidobacteria. Probiotic correction also seems promising. The review presents new technologies for restoring the intestinal microbiota of children born by caesarean section, who, for objective reasons, avoided contact with the mother’s vaginal microflora. Some of these technologies are quite controversial, some of them, such as vaginal seeding, seem easy to implement and promising. Their further study on large cohorts of patients will make it possible to fully assess their safety and effectiveness in the prevention of microbiome disorders in children of the first year of life.
Assessment of health-relevant quality of life in the context of the medical and social profile of women with complicated pregnancies
Authors: Rebrova Anastasiya A. , Krom Irina L. , Fedonnikov Alexander S. , Yerugina Marina V. , Orlova Maria M.
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND: In modern Russia, there is a decline in the birth rate, a decline in women’s reproductive health, and a high rate of complicated pregnancy and childbirth. The causes of unfavorable course and outcome of pregnancy are multifactorial. The contribution of medical factors to the course of the gestational process and the condition of the newborn is often not determinant in the course and outcome of pregnancy. One of the factors influencing the course of pregnancy is health-relevant quality of life.
AIM: The aim of the study was to analyze the influence of certain characteristics of the medical and social profile on the health-relevant quality of life of pregnant women with complicated pregnancy.
METHODS: 153 pregnant women with complicated pregnancy were included in the study. Cohort one-stage sociological study of quality of life was realized by questionnaire survey method. The study of health-relevant quality of life of pregnant women with complicated pregnancy was conducted using the World Health Organization Quality of Life-100 questionnaire.
RESULTS: When assessing the quality of life of pregnant women, there is a decrease in the average values of quality of life indicators in the spheres and subspheres of the questionnaire, determined by the somatic condition of respondents. A statistically significant dependence of the decrease in the mean values of the quality of life indicators of respondents in the age group of 30–39 years compared to respondents aged 20–29 years has been established. The evidence of the influence of the level of education on the quality of life of women with pathologic course of pregnancy is presented. In a comparative analysis of the quality of life of respondents whose professional activity is not associated with physical exertion and respondents who perform physical labor of varying degrees of severity, the greatest decrease in the average quality of life indicators is noted in the group of respondents engaged in heavy physical labor. There are higher quality of life indicators of respondents who are officially married.
CONCLUSION: The conducted study provides evidence of somatic and social determinacy of health-relevant quality of life in pregnant women with complicated pregnancy. The established limitations of the quality of life allow objectifying personalized medical and social assistance to pregnant women, aimed at improving their quality of life and pregnancy outcome.
Don Juan Tenorio
Authors: Amade José Sarzi
Published: August 2024

Este estudio parte de la premisa que Don Juan Tenorio de José Zorrilla es una obra teatral que, por medio del retrato del protagonista y de su redentora, analiza los motivos que hacen de la sexualidad y de la guerra modos de dominio y al mismo tiempo de redención. Este artículo estudiará cómo la extravagancia de don Juan y la alegoría de su desenfreno por medio del carnaval llegan a tener connotaciones de rito sagrado y de fantasía mística que se complementan con la función transformadora/redentora que se asigna a doña Inés. Conjuntamente, se estudia cómo el motivo del amor verdadero es presentado como una fuerza del universo y esperanza de eternidad.
Parâmetros para a compilação de um corpus em português brasileiro feito a partir de textos voltados para crianças
Authors: Brangel Larissa Moreira , Sartori Beatriz Nogueira , Camara Margot Luiza Pedron da
Published: August 2024

O presente estudo discute as possíveis aproximações entre a Linguística de Corpus e a Lexicografia Pedagógica no desenvolvimento de dicionários escolares de língua portuguesa voltados para crianças do 4º e 5º ano do Ensino Fundamental. Tradições lexicográficas desenvolvidas, como a de língua inglesa, costumam explorar a pesquisa com corpus como uma importante aliada no desenvolvimento de obras lexicográficas de excelência, e isso pode ser verificado nos mais diversos tipos de dicionários publicados por essas tradições. No caso de dicionários escolares, é possível encontrar estudos que demonstram como a compilação de corpora escritos para e por crianças pode ser útil no desenvolvimento de obras lexicográficas escolares. Com base em estudos desenvolvidos pela Lexicografia inglesa, o presente trabalho buscou transpor para a realidade brasileira diretrizes e métodos para o desenvolvimento de um corpus de textos para crianças e encontrou nas políticas públicas do livro didático uma grande aliada para essa tarefa. O Brasil, além de dispor de um ambiente favorável para o estudo ora proposto, devido à massiva publicação de dicionários escolares por editoras brasileiras e à intensa circulação desse produto nas salas de aulas do país, conta também com o Programa Nacional do Livro e do Material Didático (PNLD) como uma ferramenta adequada para o desenvolvimento de corpus de textos voltados para crianças, demonstrando, assim, um grande potencial para alavancar a pesquisa sobre dicionários escolares brasileiros.
Evaluation of the Functional Reserve and Exercise Tolerance in Patients with CHF in Clinical Trials (Consent Document of the Editorial board of the Journal of Cardiology, the Board of the Society of Specialists in Heart Failure (SSHF) and Working Group “Non-drug treatment methods” of SSHF)
Authors: Begrambekova Yu. L. , Arutynov G. P. , Glezer M. G. , Karanadze N. A. , Kolesnikova E. A. , Lelyavina T. A. , Lishuta A. S. , Orlova Ya. A. , Belenkov Yu. N.
Published: August 2024

Assessing the functional capacity and exercise tolerance is an important and widely used research tool in patients with heart failure. It is used not only in cardiac rehabilitation and physical therapy, but also for inclusion criteria and outcome measures in studies of drug interventions. This document outlines the scope, guidelines for the implementation and interpretation, and limitations of the methods for assessing the functional capacity and exercise tolerance in clinical trials in patients with heart failure.
Skills for Life Series: Problem-Solving
Authors: Suarez Enciso Sonia , Yang Hyeri Mel , Chacon Ugarte Gabriela
Published: August 2024

Problem-solving skills help individuals cope with problem by analyzing it, and proposing viable solutions based upon available information. They are crucial for learning, societal participation, and personal activities, as well as for employment success. They decrease depression and aggression while improving academic performance and prosocial behaviors. Developing problem-solving skills can start at a young age through methods like problem-based learning, inquiry-based learning, and project work. In this brief we tell you more about its relevance, as well as successful initiatives to foster these skills and the existing tools to measure them.
KEABSAHAN AKAD NIKAH DALAM PERNIKAHAN DENGAN WALI DAN ATAU CALON SUAMI DISABILITAS DENGAN BANTUAN TEKNOLOGI DI INDONESIA
Authors: Umar Multazam
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this article is to explain the validity of marriage settlement in marriages with guardians and or disabled fiance with the help of technology in Indonesia. Humans have a very important aspect, which is marriage. Through marriage, men and women can unite with legal ties, to form a harmonious and loving household. Not all individuals in this world have normal physical conditions, both in terms of the quality and quantity of their body parts. This research uses qualitative research with the type Library Research. That is by taking sources from books, contemporary scholarly books, or scientific works. Data collection techniques are obtained through documentation. This research was carried out by triangulating/comparing information from different angles along with collecting data consisting of book sources. Analysis is carried out simultaneously with data collection which consists of data reduction, data presentation, conclusions. The results of this research are: KHI views regarding disabled marriage guardians is that by considering the condition of disability as an obstacle in a marriage ritual, the position of disabled marriage guardian is transferred to the marriage guardian according to the next level. Meanwhile, the law does not specifically regulate a disabled fiance, Article 17 paragraph (3) states that fiance with a hearing and speech disability can express consent in written form or in signs that can be understood. This makes KHI not very friendly to people with disabilities, while Disability Fiqh defines a marriage guardian with a disability as a man who has physical limitations who has full authority to accept a partner in a marriage settlement. In disability fiqh, disabled fiance is a man who has physical and bodily limitations, who is ready and able into a marriage settlement. The existence of Law no. 8 of 2016 can provide a bridge or as a tool for people with disabilities in optimizing the function of body parts to help achieve physical independence in the validity of marriage settlement in marriages with the help of technology.
RELEVANCE CAUSA PARADIGMATIC OF LEGAL POSITIVISM
Authors: Puspitasari Deny , Kusuma Putra Rengga
Published: August 2024

Law, as a science, is philosophical series of reasoning towards comprehensive rules, while law as an instrument is set of rules that regulate behavior is very profane and tends to have a one-way perspective. That beside das sein and das sollen sometimes be through contra productive assumptions, implementation, perceptions and expectations, especially those related the reasons behind legal determination. Interesting one thing is positivism paradigm. Where reason constructs values based solely on legal postulates, ignoring the context, forming reasoning, assumptions, perceptions and simbiota fact that encourage legal violations. The aims of this research is to examine how the construction, logical implementation, and whether there are logical contradictions of the positivism paradigm in law. As a result, this paradigm is aimed forming a perception of the text as a fact of knowledge. Implementably, construction of positivism paradigm cannot be separated from the construction of its constituents, that philosophy which includes what positivism is (ontology), how positivism is formed or obtained (epistemology) and why positivism was born (actiology) and logical contradictions in the positivism paradigm are influenced by differences in form, both of aspects elemental construction, basic thoughts, basic perceptions, basic assumptions, basic interpretations, factual basics in the social domain which form logical reasoning based on factual factors in society.
Análise da relação entre gastos per capita com segurança pública e distorção idade- série no estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil
Authors: Pereira da Silva Rocha Adrian Luís , Camargos Teixeira Evandro
Published: August 2024

Apesar da melhoria dos indicadores de frequência escolar nos últimos anos, o Brasil ainda apresenta percalços no que concerne à trajetória escolar dos estudantes, principalmente nos anos finais do ensino básico. Nesse mesmo período, o estado de Minas Gerais, que possui a segunda maior população e terceira maior participação no Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) do país, acompanhou a tendência nacional e apresentou taxas de distorção idade-série do ensino médio elevadas. Assim, o presente estudo analisou a relação entre gastos per capita com segurança pública e taxa de distorção idade-série do ensino médio, considerando os municípios do referido estado no período 2013-2017. Para tal, foi estimado um modelo econométrico com dados em painel dinâmico, por meio de dados do Índice Mineiro de Responsabilidade Social (IMRS). A hipótese subjacente do trabalho é que a criminalidade teria impacto direto sobre o cotidiano escolar, elevando as taxas de distorção idade-série, sendo que os gastos per capita com segurança pública reduziriam tais taxas, visto sua capacidade de diminuir os níveis de crime. Os resultados demonstraram que os gastos per capita com segurança pública tiveram impacto significativo e redutor sobre as taxas de distorção idade-série, indicando que o impacto dos dispêndios com segurança pública sobre a violência pode incrementar o nível educacional.
miRNAs: Key Molecules in the Immunopathogenesis of Betacoronaviruses
Authors: Mahmoudian-Sani Mohammad Reza , Houshmandfar Sheyda , Ahangarzadeh Milad , Saeedi-Boroujeni Ali
Published: August 2024

A series of patients hospitalized with acute respiratory disease was reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in December 2019. Many patients have had direct or indirect links with the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market, Wuhan. This is the prologue to the ongoing pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) that has affected more than 150 countries and over 250,000 people worldwide, killing thousands of people. The pandemic has once again drawn public attention to the coronaviruses that developed epidemics in China (2002) and Saudi Arabia (2012). Given the structural and phylogenetic similarity of the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), the results of recent studies have been combined with new findings to complete one of the strangest pneumonia puzzles in the human history. Coronaviruses establish extremely complex interactions with the immune system, especially in order to evade immune responses. Undoubtedly, increasing our knowledge of the immunopathogenesis of diseases caused by these viruses will eventually lead to more effective treatment and diagnosis. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are among the leading immune response regulators. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the expression and regulation of both innate and adaptive immune responses and in many immune disorders from autoimmunity to cancer and allergies. Our understanding of the functions of human and viral miRNAs in the pathogenesis of many viruses has increased in recent years. Accordingly, the present review article aims to review studies evaluating the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of other Betacoronaviruses. The results of these studies, given the similarity of viruses within the family Coronaviridae, could be helpful for future research on SARS-CoV-2.
Genetic Evaluation of Patients Suspected of Immunodeficiency Referred to the Immunodeficiency Clinic of Akbar Hospital in Mashhad
Authors: Takhari Fawzia , Ahanchian Hamid , Moazzen Nasrin , Purbadakhshan Nafiseh , Aalami Mohammad Hasan , Tafrishi Rana , Karimani Ehsan Ghayour , Shaye Zahra Abbasi
Published: August 2024

Background: The purpose of this study was genetic evaluation of patients suspected of immunodeficiency, without a definitive diagnosis, referred to the Immunodeficiency Clinic of Akbar Hospital in Mashhad in 2021-2022.
Methods: In this study, patients suspected of immunodeficiency, without a definitive diagnosis, referred to an immunodeficiency clinic were included A complete clinical and paraclinical examination has been done by expert specialists and clinical geneticists. Blood samples were taken for genetic analysis using the Exome Sequencing technique followed by comprehensive bioinformatics analysis. Parents and healthy offspring were assessed for the candidate gene variants.
Results: In this study, 185 patients were included; 58.56% of them were male; The average age of the participants was 9.28±5.40 years, and consanguineous marriage of parents was observed in 79.8 % of cases. Pneumonia with 33.51% was the most common clinical manifestation in patients with suspected immunodeficiency. In total, 41.14% of patients suffered from combined immunodeficiency, 26 .86% of them had defects of phagocyte number, function, or both; and 24% had predominantly antibody deficiencies. Hyper IgE syndrome was detected in 16% of patients, SCID and CGD each in 14.86% of patients, CVID in 12% of patients, and LAD in 7.43% of them. In 37.04% of the identified genes, there was a discrepancy between clinical and genetic diagnosis in patients.
Conclusion: The most common clinical manifestation of patients suspected of primary immunodeficiency is pneumonia; therefore, patients who suffer from recurrent respiratory infections should be checked for genetic immunodeficiency. In this study, most patients were in the groups of immunodeficiencies affecting multiple cell types, defects of phagocyte number, function, or both; and predominantly antibody deficiencies, respectively. The most common diseases diagnosed were: Hyper IgE syndrome, SCID and CGD, CVID, and LAD.
Hematological and Coagulation Factors in Term and Preterm Newborns of Mothers with Pre-eclampsia
Authors: Barzamini Sahar , Barzamini Roohollah , Taleghani Naeeme Taslimi
Published: August 2024

Objective: Pre-eclampsia (preE) is pregnancy-induced hypertension affecting a significant proportion of pregnant women worldwide and can cause detrimental effects on the mother and newborn. Recognition of contributing factors of health in neonates with pre-eclamptic mothers is important to reduce the burden of the problem. The aim of the study was to determine the hematologic and coagulation factors in term and preterm neonates born to mothers with pre-eclampsia.
Method and Materials: In this observational cross-sectional comparative study, 104 neonates born to mothers with pre-eclampsia in Imam-Hossein Hospital from 2018 to 2021 were enrolled. The neonates were divided into term and preterm groups according to the gestational age of the mothers. Maternal and fetal parameters of neonates were collected. The hematologic and coagulation factors were recorded and compared.
Results: The finding of the study demonstrated that the mean leukocyte (P=0.030), hemoglobin (P=0.0001), and platelet (P=0.0001) were significantly higher in term neonates. The mean PT (P=0.003), PPT (P=0.001), and INR (P=0.003) were significantly higher in preterm cases.
Conclusion: Totally, according to the obtained results it may be concluded that CBC indexes and coagulopathy in term and preterm neonates born to mothers with pre-eclampsia are significantly different.
Perinatal Risk Factors Contributing to Development of Childhood Asthma
Authors: Marmarchi Farnaz , Hemmatyar Masoumeh , Abachi Nasim , Hashemitar Seyed Karen , Darougar Sepideh
Published: August 2024

Background: Genetic susceptibility and environmental factors play crucial roles in the development of childhood asthma. It seems that asthma pathology initiates in utero. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between various perinatal exposures and events, and the later development of childhood asthma.
Method: A total of ninety children, 45 with childhood asthma and with 45 healthy controls, referred to the Allergy Clinic of Azad University Hospitals between January 2020 and January 2021 were enrolled in the study. All caregivers or parents of these children were interviewed to collect sufficient data concerning the patients’ asthma history.
Results: Gestational age, gender, low birth weight, delivery mode, maternal pre-eclampsia, maternal smoking during pregnancy, smoking exposure during the neonatal period, antibiotic prescription in the neonatal period, acetaminophen use in the neonatal period, assisted ventilation and oxygen therapy, neonatal icterus, neonatal respiratory infection, chronic pulmonary disease of prematurity, meconium aspiration, birth order as the first-born child and parental history of allergy were assessed. Among these, the use of antibiotics, oxygen therapy, respiratory infections during the neonatal period, meconium aspiration during labor, and history of allergy in first-grade relatives were the most predictable separate factors, demonstrating the key role of the perinatal period in the development of childhood asthma.
Conclusion: To conclude, although previous studies mostly suggested the causal effects of modifiable behaviors or exposures on the development of childhood asthma, the risk factors in the present study were mostly genetic influences, postnatal infections or obstetrics events or their management, which were inevitable in the process of labor.
Stridor, Snoring and Sleep Apnea in a Three-Year-Old Girl: Report of a Patient with Follicular Lymphoid Hyperplasia
Authors: Modaresi Mohammad Reza , Monfared Fateme Tarighat
Published: August 2024

The present study describes a three-year-old girl who was referred to us due to stridor and snoring from one week of age and progressive worsening of sleep apnea two months before our visit. Gastroesophageal reflux disease was ruled out due to being unresponsiveness to treatment. Laryngomalacia was also ruled out because the symptoms and signs were aggravated by passing the time. The presence of a vascular ring was also overruled by echocardiography. Direct laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy were performed to investigate the vocal cord paralysis, glottic stenosis, airway foreign body, adenotonsillar hypertrophy, nasopharyngeal mass, and tracheal stenosis as the etiology. A tonsillar mass was found by them which was confirmed by CT scan. The surgical excision of the mass resulted in the complete resolution of the signs and symptoms. The pathologic studies of the resected mass found it to be follicular lymphoid hyperplasia (FLH), the most common benign lymphoid reaction of the nasopharynx area.
Assessment of Community Pharmacists’ Knowledge and Perception of Pharmaceutical Care in South Africa: A Cross-sectional Survey
Authors: Lorato Gezahegn Samuel , Perumal-Pillay Velisha Ann , Suleman Fatima
Published: August 2024

Background: Medicines are intended to cure, prevent, or diagnose diseases, alleviate signs, or symptoms, but improper use can cause patient morbidity and even mortality. Pharmacists assume direct responsibility for all the patient’s drug-related needs. Hence, pharmacists’ knowledge and attitudes regarding pharmaceutical care (PC) and their perceived barriers to PC provision are imperative to treatment success. The aim of the study was to explore community pharmacists’ knowledge and perception towards pharmaceutical care and identifying perceived barriers towards its implementation in South Africa.
Methods: A quantitative study was undertaken, using a descriptive cross-sectional design. The data were collected by means of an online questionnaire completed by community pharmacists across South Africa. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, through Microsoft Excel and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS).
Results: Out of 250 online questionnaires sent, a total of 181 responded, which delivered an 72.4% response rate.  The vast majority (n=166; 91.7%) of the respondents were knowledgeable about PC though a few (n=15; 8.3%) of the respondents had a poor understanding of PC. A high number of respondents (n=173;95.5%) agreed that providing PC would increase the patients’ conﬁdence in the pharmacy profession (n=173; 95.5%); and about 87.2% responded that all pharmacists should provide PC services. Lack of compensation for PC provision was perceived as the main barrier (83.9%).
Conclusion: South African community pharmacists have good knowledge of PC, but a lack of remuneration and time were perceived as the main barriers to PC provision. Relevant stake holders like policymakers in pharmaceutical service, health care financial managers, and pharmacy managers should intervene to overcome these barriers.
Severity and Risk Rating of Drug-Drug Interaction Potency in Chronic Kidney Disease in Public Health Hospital
Authors: Sari Okta Muthia , Perdana Putra Aditya Maulana
Published: August 2024

Background: Chronic kidney disease has emerged as a prominent cause of mortality worldwide in the last two decades. Drug interactions are a significant problem in individuals with chronic kidney disease, as they often receive numerous concurrent treatments. The aim is to examine the frequency of drug-drug interactions in outpatient treatment for chronic renal disease, classified according to their severity and risk level. Furthermore, the study aims to demonstrate the combined effect of the most common drug-drug interactions potency and associated risk factors.
Methods: This study is a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of outpatients diagnosed with chronic kidney disease at Ansari Saleh Public Hospital in Banjarmasin, Indonesia. Medical records from 2022 were obtained retrospectively from computerised sources. The evaluation of potential interactions between drugs was conducted using Lexicomp®. The categorical data were displayed as percentages, and the continuous variables were depicted as means.
Results: The study found that most drug interactions fell into the moderate severity (77.1%) and category C (75.5%) for the risk assessment. The prevalence of drug-drug interactions was 83.6% and the average number of potential drug interactions per patient was 3.34 ± 3.481. The concurrent use of candesartan and furosemide was the most prevalent drug-drug interaction (5.1%). The number of prescribed medications was a notable determinant for probable drug-drug interactions (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Identifying and averting potential drug-drug interactions is crucial to guarantee patient safety.
5-Lipoxygenase: The Therapeutically Unexplored Target for Bone Health
Authors: Kansagra Jignesh , Dubey Vishal , Kheni Dharmeshkumar , Sureja Varun
Published: August 2024

Bone fracture is a common orthopedic condition that represents a significant health concern. Bone fracture repair process is a complex process that involves the harmonic and synchronized activity of bone cells. 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) is an enzyme responsible for the conversion of arachidonic acid to form leukotrienes. While leukotrienes have an empirical inflammatory role, various evidence suggests that these 5-LOX mediators, by switching the inflammatory environment and altering the activity of bone cells, have a detrimental effect on the bone fracture healing process. Additionally, various evidence suggests that 5-LOX inhibition shows improvement in the overall bone healing process and improves overall bone health. Despite this evidence, the clinical use of 5-LOX inhibitors in bone fracture healing is largely unexplored. The current review aimed to summarize the available evidences and pave the way for future large scale pre-clinical and clinical studies to evaluate the effectiveness of selective 5-LOX inhibitors in bone fracture healing. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect to identify relevant articles related to the effect of 5-LOX in bone health. The summary of available scientific evidence highlights that the selective 5-LOX inhibition can modulate the functioning of osteoclasts and osteoblasts, favoring faster bone fracture healing. The observations of this study support the selective 5-LOX inhibition as a potential treatment option that can improve bone fracture healing rate and therefore future clinical studies can be designed to confirm the observations of the current review study.
Global Leadership and Sustainability
Authors: Kelvin Koh Han Wen
Published: August 2024

This research article delves into the dynamic relationship between global leadership and sustainability, underscoring the critical influence that leaders wield in guiding organizations towards sustainable practices. As global challenges such as environmental degradation, climate change, and social inequality become more pressing, the need for leaders who can navigate these complexities and foster sustainable growth becomes increasingly urgent. This paper explores the essential qualities of global leaders who prioritize sustainability, the innovative strategies they employ, and the tangible impacts of their efforts on both organizational performance and broader societal well-being.
We begin by identifying the characteristics that distinguish effective global leaders in the realm of sustainability. These leaders are visionary thinkers with a long-term perspective that balances economic success with environmental and social responsibility. They are ethically oriented, ensuring that their decisions reflect a commitment to the greater good. Their cultural sensitivity allows them to appreciate the global implications of local actions, and their adaptability and drive for innovation enable them to foster a culture of continuous improvement within their organizations.
The article then examines specific strategies that these leaders use to embed sustainability into their organizational frameworks. This includes aligning their organizational goals with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), implementing comprehensive Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives, investing in green technologies, and engaging stakeholders in meaningful ways. These strategies are illustrated through case studies of companies like Patagonia and Unilever, which have successfully integrated sustainability into their business models under visionary leadership.
Furthermore, the paper highlights the positive outcomes that organizations experience when they prioritize sustainability. Enhanced brand reputation, improved financial performance, effective risk management, and higher employee engagement are some of the key benefits. Companies known for their sustainable practices often attract loyal customers and talented employees, achieve cost savings through efficient resource use, and open up new market opportunities.
The article emphasizes that global leadership and sustainability are deeply interconnected in today’s world. Leaders who embrace sustainability drive not only organizational success but also contribute significantly to global efforts towards creating a more equitable and sustainable future. As environmental and social challenges continue to intensify, the role of global leaders in promoting and implementing sustainable practices is more crucial than ever. This research underscores the necessity for visionary, ethical, culturally sensitive, and innovative leadership to navigate the complexities of sustainability and lead organizations towards a sustainable future.
COVID19 – An Approach Towards Using Traditional Medicine
Authors:   Ramkrishna Mission Vidyamandir, Belur Math, Howrah, 721127, West Bengal, India, Das Avishek , Guha Pokhraj , Dey Avijit
Published: August 2024

Viral infections in recent times creates life threatening conditions in patients. Recent covid infection is the major proof for this action in human immune system. As it has the capability to mutate in various different structures so, no counter mechanism is there to protect against the severe form. We have found many cases in Africa and other continents where mass destruction of human life occurs due to different viral infections. Many countries have their traditional practices to counteract the disease. From ancient times it has been found that traditional medicines plays a very important role in diagnosis of these infections. We have discussed various ethnopharmocologically important plant and their compounds which takes part in active role in anti inflammatory and antiviral effect on human populations. Different compounds isolated from different plant either it is root, stem or leaf can be very potential for diagnosing the diseases. It can also effect multiple organ system and try to cope up with various infections. The signal trunsduction pathway plays a very crucial role in activating different cell types and act according to their target cell. In recent times we develop various synthetic drugs to compensate the natural molecules but it has serious side effects in human and different viral strains areco adapted to those synthetic molecules in a very quick manner. So we have to go for the natural and try to use it in our daily life which slowly reduce the burden of the viral infection in our body. Keywords Covid, Synthetic Drugs, Ethnopharmacology, Anti Inflammatory
Çelik Yüzeylerdeki Kusurların Tespiti için Topluluk Öğrenme Tabanlı Gelişmiş Segmentasyon Yöntemi
Authors: Güçlü Emre , Aydın İlhan , Akın Erhan
Published: August 2024

Bu çalışmada, çelik yüzeylerdeki kusurların tespiti için topluluk öğrenme tabanlı bir gelişmiş segmentasyon yöntemi sunulmuştur. Günümüzde, çelik üretim süreçlerinde kalite kontrolün önemi artmakta ve kusur tespiti teknolojilerine olan ihtiyaç hızla büyümektedir. Bu bağlamda, çeşitli çelik yüzey kusurlarını doğru bir şekilde tespit edebilen ve bölütleyebilen güçlü bir modele ihtiyaç vardır. Önerilen sistem, derin öğrenme tabanlı çoklu model yaklaşımlarını topluluk öğrenme ile birleştirerek, segmentasyon doğruluğunu önemli ölçüde artırmaktadır. Kullanılan topluluk öğrenme stratejisi, farklı mimarilere sahip birden fazla derin öğrenme modelinin güçlü yönlerini bir araya getirerek, sistemimizin genel performansını iyileştirmekte ve çeşitli kusur türlerine karşı daha duyarlı hale getirmektedir. Bu yaklaşım, geniş bir veri seti üzerinde test edilmiş ve %77,98 mIoU oranı elde ederek mevcut tekil model tabanlı yöntemlere kıyasla önemli bir performans artışı göstermiştir. Sonuçlar, önerilen topluluk öğrenme tabanlı segmentasyon yönteminin, çelik yüzeylerdeki kusurların tespiti konusunda etkili bir çözüm sunduğunu ve endüstriyel kalite kontrol süreçlerinde potansiyel uygulamalara sahip olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.
Os Benefícios neuroplásticos da música na regulação de sintomas depressivos e ansiosos em adultos
Authors: Coutinho Mateus , Souza Ingrid , Campello Saulo , Raposo Lívia , Alonso Clara , Baracho Ester , Gabriell Pedro , Lopes Isvania , Tenório Camilla
Published: August 2024

Analisar os benefícios neuroplásticos da música na regulação de sintomas depressivos e ansiosos em adultos. As publicações ocorreram no Brasil, EUA, Itália, Finlândia, Dinamarca, Turquia, Suécia, África do Sul e Nigéria, entre os anos de 2017 e 2022. Foram encontradas evidências de que há ação neuroplástica na regulação de sintomas depressivos e ansiosos. Além disso, foi observada uma correlação entre música e regulação neuroplástica. Por fim, apontaram-se evidências de que a música tem efeitos positivos na regulação de sintomas depressivos e ansiosos. A maioria dos estudos mostra uma correlação entre neuroplasticidade, música e a regulação de sintomas depressivos e ansisos, indicando a possibilidade da musicoterapia como tratamento complementar para essas patologias.
Palavras-chave: Neuroplasticidade; Música; Ansiedade e Depressão