bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neutron calibration field at Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology
Authors: Le Ngoc Thiem , Nguyen Ngoc Quynh , Ho Quang Tuan , Trinh Van Giap , Nguyen Tuan Khai , Nguyen Huu Quyet
Published: September 2021

In this study, a neutron calibration field of a 241Am-Be standard source at the Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology is characterized in terms of neutron spectral fluxes and neutron ambient dose equivalent ( ) rates based on ISO 8529 recommended generalized fit method together with measurements using a Bonner Sphere Spectrometer and MAXED unfolding techniques. The total, direct and scattered neutron components as well as rates and neutron spectral fluxes are separated from each other. The direct  rates and neutron spectral fluxes in the free field as functions of distances from the source are also theoretically calculated based on the neutron source strength. The comparison between experimental data and theoretical calculations of the  rates and neutron spectral fluxes shows good agreement within 3%, this has confirmed the reliability of the field characterization process and its applicability in the practical calibration works for neutron survey meters.
First results in the study of level scheme for ¹⁷²Yb based on gamma-gamma coincidence spectrometer
Authors: Nguyen Ngoc Anh , Nguyen Xuan Hai , Pham Dinh Khang , Ho Huu Thang
Published: September 2021

Nuclear level scheme permits to determine nuclear level density, gamma strength function, and to evaluate nuclear models. In comparison to light nuclei, the structure of heavy nuclei is much more complicated because of their strong deformation. In order to study nuclear level scheme, gamma – gamma coincidence spectrometer with advantages of low Compton background and the ability of identifying correlated gamma transitionshas been often used. This paper presents the first results of an experimentalstudy of level scheme of 172Yb using gamma – gamma coincidence spectrometer at the Dalat Nuclear Research Institute.
Digital method comparision for discrimination of neutrons and gamma-rays with scintillation detector
Authors: Phan Van Chuan , Nguyen Duc Hoa , Nguyen Xuan Hai , Nguyen Ngoc Anh , Pham Dinh Khang , Dinh Tien Hung
Published: September 2021

The interference of gamma in neutron spectra reduces the accuracy of measurement results, especially when using the scintillation detector. The digital method can be used to identify either neutron or gamma pulses. In order to select the algorithm for NE213 scintillation detector, the Matlab Simulink tool was used to simulate neutron counting system. The results show that the figure of merits (FOM) of:rise-time discrimination method (RTD), pulsed gradient analysis (PGA) method, charge comparison method (CCM), and correlation pattern method (CPM) are 1.09, 0.66, 2.21 and 1.97, respectively.
Proper Acknowledgment?
Authors: East J.
Published: September 2021

The concern in Australian universities about the
prevalence of plagiarism has led to the development of
policies about academic integrity and in turn focused
attention on the need to inform students about how to
avoid plagiarism and how to properly acknowledge.
Teaching students how to avoid plagiarism can appear to
be straightforward if based on the notion that plagiarism is
copying without proper acknowledgment. This paper
reviews the term ‘proper acknowledgment’ in the
academic context and argues that proper
acknowledgement can be a matter of context and
perception. In this paper forms of plagiarism are
reviewed, reasons for student plagiarism are considered
and different contexts for acknowledgement and how
these fit in with concepts of attribution and originality are
discussed. Comments from international students new to
Australian academic culture provide insights and reveal
that students in trying to master the rules of
acknowledgment can be perplexed and concerned about
when and why they should acknowledge.
Land and Discover! A Case Study Investigating the Cultural Context of Plagiarism
Authors: Handa N. , Power C.
Published: September 2021

Despite a growing body of evidence, the common causal factors of
plagiarism among international students are still widely seen to be poor
language skills or a lack of academic integrity on the part of the students.
This research uses the experiences of a particular cohort of students to
explore these assumptions. It investigates and compares the notion of
academic integrity and the understanding of plagiarism of both Indian
postgraduate students who are currently studying in Australia and students
currently studying at Indian universities. Postgraduate international
students from India have studied in English at an undergraduate level in
India and have a clear understanding of academic integrity in their own
context. However their undergraduate experience occurs in a culturally
different context to that of the Australian university system and they face
the challenge of learning new academic conventions. This paper argues
that students coming from different educational cultures require proper and
explicit induction into the principles and philosophy behind many western
academic conventions as different conventions of scholarship in the
Australian education system can create unique difficulties for them. To
accuse international students in general of a lack of integrity because they
plagiarise or to blame only their lack of language skills for plagiarising
seems to be arguable. Rather, the impact of transition from a different
university culture without explicit academic skills orientation and instruction
needs to be addressed. The paper also points towards the paradox of
punishment in western universities where international students have to
prove their integrity and innocence regarding the ethical principles of a new
and foreign culture.
CONVENTIONAL AND MICROWAVE SYNTHESIS AND ANTIOXIDANT EVALUATION OF BENZOTHIAZOLE SUBSTITUTED 4-THIAZOLIDINONES
Authors: Shetty Chaithra R , Bhat Ishwar K , Kumar Abhishek , Merugumolu Vijay Kumar , BC Revanasidappa , Gatphoh Banylla Felicity Dkhar
Published: September 2021

Antioxidants exert their action chiefly in controlling and preventing the free-radicals and their reactions and thus it has a vital role as health protecting factor. There are many scientific data proposing that antioxidants lower the threats of some chronic diseases including cancer and heart disease. In the present work, the hybrid molecule i.e benzothiazole substituted 4-thiazolidinone, has been taken for the study and different novel benzothiazole substituted 4-thiazolidinone derivatives were synthesized by reacting 2-amino-6-methyl benzothiazole with aromatic aldehydes in alcohol media. The resulting Schiff bases were made to react with thioglycolic acid in dioxane. Characterization of synthesized compounds was done by IR, 1 H NMR and Mass spectroscopy. The same reaction was performed in the microwave assisted reaction condition and compared with conventional synthesis. In vitro antioxidant activities of compounds were performed by three different methods, out of which Compound TZ4 emerged as a promising molecule.
USING THE BOX–BEHNKEN EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN DEVELOPMENT OF GASTRORETENTIVE MUCOADHESIVE MICROSPHERES OF SIMVASTATIN BY SPRAY DRYING METHOD
Authors: Chaturvedi Priyanka , Singh Anurag , Agrawal Payal , Jain Surendra
Published: September 2021

Simvastatin is an antihyper-lipidemic drug which inhibits HMG-CoA reductase, interrupting cholesterol synthesis. It is poorly water soluble drug having very low bioavailability (5%). It is having better absorption in upper gastro intestinal tract. Due to lower bioavailability and short biological half-life simvastatin is prescribed 2-3 times a day which leads to lower patient compliance. The aim of the present work was to prepare controlled release microspheres which and retained in the gastric area by adhering to the mucosal membrane for longer period of time. It was a also proposed to design and optimize the formulation and process parameters for preparation of gastroretentive simvastatin microspheres using spray drying technique. The major problem associated with oral drug delivery is ineffective absorption and low bioavailability because drugs having narrow absorption window. Simvastatin microspheres was prepared using polymer HPMC K4M as carrier polymer and Eudragit RSPO were prepared using spray drying technique. The in vitro evaluation of mucoadhesive property of simvastatin microspheres was done on goat intestinal mucosa which showed strong mucoadhesion of 85% up to 6 hours. The in vitro drug release studies of microspheres were performed in 0.01 M sodium phosphate containing 0.5% SLS using syringe pump for 8 h.
PANDEMIC AND “INFODEMIC”
Authors:   Associate Editor,  Indian Drugs, Rao Nagaraj
Published: September 2021

Dear Reader, With the passage of about one year since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, huge amounts of scientific research data on COVID-19 are being generated daily and we have thus substantial information and understanding of the disease. While treatment with known anti-viral drugs, monoclonal antibodies, steroids and APIs continues, focus is now on the development and manufacturing of effective vaccines to protect the population at large. Several Indian companies are already conducting pan-India clinical trials of different vaccines. Bharat Biotech, in cooperation with the Indian Council of Medical Research and the National Institute of Virology, has developed a whole-virion inactivated vaccine on an inactivated platform, which will be administered intramuscularly in two doses (0, 28d). Biological E. is clinically evaluating its adjuvant protein subunit (RBD) vaccine on a protein subunit platform, again administered intramuscularly in two doses (0, 28d). Cadila Healthcare has developed a DNA plasmid vaccine on a DNA platform, administered intradermally in three doses (0, 28, 56d). Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories, together with the Russian Direct Investment Fund, will be conducting clinical trials of the Sputnik V adenovirus-based vaccine on non-replicating viral vector platform (developed by the Gamaleya National Research Institute). The Serum Institute of India, together with ICMR, is conducting clinical trials of the ChAdOx1-S AstraZeneca-Oxford vaccine on a non-replicating viral vector, also administered intramuscularly in two doses (0, 28d).
VALIDATED STABILITY INDICATING UPLC METHOD FOR AFATINIB AND ITS IMPURITIES IN PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM
Authors: Ivaturi Ramu , T Manikya Sastry , S Satyaveni
Published: September 2021

A novel, simple, selective, rapid stability-indicating and LC-MS compatible short run time UPLC method was developed and validated for the determination of afatinib and its related substances in bulk and finished dosage form. A reverse phase gradient mode short run time method has been developed by using UPLC to separate all the five known impurities of Afatinib. The chromatographic separation of afatinib and its related impurities was achieved by using Acquity UPLC HSS PFP column 100*2.1 mm, 1.8 μm using 0.1% v/v formic acid in Milli-Q water and acetonitrile as a co-solvent with a run time of 12 minutes. The column temperature was maintained at 30°C. The mobile phase flow rate was 0.4 mL/min and the UV detection was carried out at a wavelength of 258 nm. The proposed method was validated in terms of specificity (forced degradation), linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness and ruggedness as per ICH quality guidelines Q2 (R1). Forced degradation was performed using hydrolysis, oxidation, thermal and photolytic conditions with good resolution between degradants and analyte. Degradation peaks neither co-elute with the main analyte nor with the known impurities, indicating that the proposed method as is stability indicating. Limit of quantification for all the five known impurities and analyte were in the range of 0.02 ppm to 0.05 ppm, indicating that the method is sensitive. Recovery of the impurities and analyte at various levels ranging from LOQ level to 200% level was in the range of 96.9 to 101.8%, indicating that the method was accurate and precise. Hence the validated method can be successfully applied for the quantitative estimation of afatinib and its related impurities in bulk and tablet dosage form.
DEVELOPMENT AND METHOD VALIDATION OF STABILITY INDICATING ASSAY METHOD OF DUTASTERIDE BY USING UV-VIS SPECTROSCOPY
Authors: Dalvi Sampada D , Ingale Pramod L , Dalvi Sanjay M.
Published: September 2021

The objective of the present study was to develop and validate stability indicating method to generate reliable, precise, cost effective UV-VIS spectroscopy method and accurate data for dutasteride regardless of whether it is for acceptance, release, stability or pharmacokinetic study. The solvent used was methanol and the absorption maximum λ max of the drug was found to be at 241nm. A linear response was observed in the range of 1-100µg/ml. Linear regression of absorbance on concentration gave the equation y = 0.0194x + 0.0099 with a regression co-efficient (R2) of 0.997. The method was then validated for different parameters as per the ICH guidelines. Dutasteride was subjected to stress degradation under different conditions as recommended by ICH guidelines. The degradation studies were carried out by using the developed method. The method is useful for the determination of dutasteride in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations
RATIONAL DESIGN, SYNTHESIS AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF N-(4-ETHOXYPHENYLSULFONYL)-L-GLUTAMIC ACID ANALOGUES AS ANTIANGIOGENIC AND ANTICANCER AGENTS ON MULTIPLE MYELOMA
Authors: Saha Abhijit , Sarker Koushik , Ghosh Avijit , Mishra Suvasish , Sen Subrata ,   A.P.C.Ray Memorial Cancer Chemotherapeutic Research Unit, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mohuda, Berhampur, Odisha - 760002, India
Published: September 2021

We report the rational design, synthesis and evaluation of the anticancer and antiangiogenic activity of the N-(4-ethoxyphenylsulfonyl)-L-glutamic acid analogs on multiple myeloma. From the series, compound 2c, 2f, and 2h exhibit cytotoxic action on human multiple myeloma cell line RPMI8226 with IC50 (μM) value 2.72, 2.24, and 1.81, respectively. These compounds possess the antiangiogenic property and are selectively cytotoxic to cancer cells, as observed from the in vitro study of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell (HUVEC) and African green monkey kidney epithelial cell (VERO), respectively. The compounds also have an antiproliferative effect on HUVECs, which was carried out using the dye exclusion method with trypan blue. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) Tyr-1175 phosphorylation inhibition assay showed compound 2f, and 2h to be the active inhibitors of roangiogenic responses mediated by VEGFR-2. A molecular docking study of 2f with VEGFR-2 showed possible interaction with a binding energy of -74.19 kcal/mol.
Research on the Factors Affecting Customer Engagement in Social Commerce from the Perspective of Two-Factor Theory
Authors: Qiao Saisai , Wei Jie
Published: September 2021

As a new type of business model, social commerce has attracted more attention. we propose a model to explore the factors influencing customer engagement by using the two-factor theory, as well as the effect of customer engagement on subsequent participation behavior. The results show that both social support and self-congruence have a positive impact on customer engagement, while perceived engagement risk and perceived commerce risk have a significant negative impact on customer engagement, moreover, customer engagement is positively related to social sharing and purchase intention. In addition, this paper verifies the comparative effect of social commerce platforms. The results show that there are significant differences in social support and self-congruence between e-commerce and social media platforms.
Applications of aluminum oxide and nano aluminum oxide as adsorbents: review
Authors: Hami Hawraa Kassem , Abbas Ruba Fahmi , Eltayef Emad Mahmoud , Mahdi Neda Ibrahim
Published: September 2021

Metal oxides are widely used in adsorption technology as adsorbent surfaces because of their efficiency, low cost and unique physical properties. The aim of this review to clarify the role of aluminium oxide and Nano aluminium oxide in removing some chemicals contain that influence on human health such as dyes, antibiotics, and heavy metals. This paper also includes the affective of some adsorption parameters like pH, contact time, removal percentageand temperature. The Adsorption nature, kinetic adsorption models and isotherm models are also reported here.
Approximate solution of Lane-Emden problem via modified Hermite operation matrix method
Authors: Kashem Bushra Esaa , SHIHAB Suha
Published: September 2021

Lane-Emden equations are singular initial value problems and they are important in mathematical physics and astrophysics. The aim of this present paper is presenting a new numerical method for finding approximate solution to Lane-Emden type equations arising in astrophysics based on modified Hermite operational matrix of integration. The proposed technique is based on taking the truncated modified Hermite series of the solution function in the Lane-Emden equation and then transferred into a matrix equation together with the given conditions. The obtained result is system of linear algebraic equation using collection points. The suggested algorithm is applied on some relevant physical problems as Lane-Emden type equations.
New operational matrices approach for optimal control based on modified Chebyshev polynomials
Authors: Salih Anam  Alwan , SHIHAB Suha
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this paper is to introduce interesting modified Chebyshev orthogonal polynomial. Then, their new operational matrices of derivative and integration or modified Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind are introduced with explicit formulas. A direct computational method for solving a special class of optimal control problem, named, the quadratic optimal control problem is proposed using the obtained operational matrices. More precisely, this method is based on a state parameterization scheme, which gives an accurate approximation of the exact solution by utilizing a small number of unknown coefficients with the aid of modified Chebyshev polynomials. In addition, the constraint is reduced to some algebraic equations and the original optimal control problem reduces to optimization technique, which can be solved easily, and the approximate value of the performance index is calculated. Moreover, special attention is presented to discuss the convergence analysis and an upper bound of the error for the presented approximate solution is derived. Finally, some important illustrative examples of obtained results are shown and proved that powerful method in a simple way to get an optimal control of the considered.
Estimation of thiamine hydrochloride and sulphite using charge transfer complex reaction
Authors: Ahmed Abed Al-Hadi Saleem Basima
Published: September 2021

A new spectrophotometric method is used for estimating Thiamine hydrochloride in its pure form and pharmaceutical formulations, the present method depends on the reaction between Thiamine hydrochloride and chrome azurol S to form a red complex which exhibit maximum absorption at 510 nm, the addition of Sulphite to the resulted red complex is bleaching it and this step was used for the determination of Sulphite which is considered an attacker of Thiamine hydrochloride, therefore, this method was developed for determination of Thiamine hydrochloride in presence of Sulphite. The linearity of the proposed method was obeyed Beer’s law from 2 to 48 and 0.04 to 2.4 ppm for Thiamine hydrochloride and Sulphite respectively. Also, the method sensitivity was measured by molar absorptivity values 5.9×104 l.mol-1.cm-1 and 1.68×104 l.mol-1.cm-1 for Thiamine hydrochloride and Sulphite respectively. The present method accuracy (average recovery) 100.06% and 100.04% the precision (RSD) of the method is ±0.98 - ±1.27% and ±0.76 - ±1.47 of Thiamine hydrochloride and Sulphite respectively. This method was applied for the estimation of B1 and SO32- in pharmaceutical preparations and various water samples respectively.
Purification of the Acetyl CoACarboxylase-1 from Serum of Breast Cancer Women after Mastectomy
Authors: Gazal Sabah , . Susan Jamil Ali , . Perry Habib Saifullah
Published: September 2021

Acetyle CoA Carboxylase-1was purified from serum of premenop- ausal women with breast cancer (after Mastectomy or treatment ) by Gel Filtration using Sephadex G-100 and by Ion Exchange using DEAE-Cellulose A-50, also the molecular weight was estimated by the Electrophoresis on Acrylamide in the absence of denaturing elements . The result showed that a single band was obtained at 210 KD by Gel Filtering while Ion Exchange showed one band at 210 KD. The optimum temperature of purified Acetyle CoA Carboxylase-1 was 40 , optimal pH at 7.5 and the optimum substrate concentration at 1.8mM. Michaelis-Menten constant (km) was 0.3mM and Vmax was 23mM.min-1.
تحضير، تشخيص ودراسة الفعالية البكتيرية لبعض مشتقات الأستمايدات الثنائية
Authors: . أجاويد صادم علي , . عبد المجيد صالح حمد
Published: September 2021

تضمن هذا البحث تحضير مركبات جديدة للأستامايدات الأروماتية وذلك باستعمال الطريقة التقليدية للمركبات المحضرة من خلال مفاعلة مولين من مركب الكلورو اسيتايل كلوريد مع مول واحد من الامينات الأروماتية المختلفة كلا اورثو فنلين ثنائي الأمين و 8,1- نفتالين ثنائي الأمين في ظروف مختلفة وتم الحصول على المادة الأساس الجديدة المختلفة عن المواد الأولية ومن ثم إضافة مول واحد منها الى مولين من الأمينات الثانوية الحلقية المورفلين والببريدين والبير وليدين والببرازين والبريدين ومتابعة سير كل تفاعل بواسطة كروماتوغرافيا الطبقة الرقيقة TLC واظهرت إن المركبات المحضرة تختلف عن المواد الأولية، وتم تحديد الخواص الفيزيائية مثل درجة الانصهار واللون وغيرها من ثم تم تشخيص المركبات المحضرة بواسطة بعض الطرائق الطيفية مثل طيف الأشعة تحت الحمراء IR وطيف الرنين النووي المغناطيسي للبروتون1H-NMR وللكاربون13 13C-NMR ثم تم بعدها دراسة الفعالية البكتيرية للأميدات المحضرة وذلك باستعمال نوعين من البكتريا سالبة لصبغة كرام [Gr-ve] هي Escherichia coli وموجبة لصبغة كرام [Gr+ve]هي Staphylococcusaureus, وقد استعملت المضادات الحيوية رباعي سايكلين وسيبروفلوكساسين كعينات للسيطرة اذ اثبتت قدرتها على تثبيط البكتريا المنتخبة.
The Physical Properties and Applications of Gold Nanoparticles (Au NPs): Review
Authors: . Rusul Adnan Al-wardy , . Saad Khalid Rahi
Published: September 2021

Nanoparticles of gold that for years have been recognized are the concept of an increasingly rising reports number and of promising for electronic, optical, magnetic, biomedical and catalytic applications in century of 21st. Because of Nanoparticles of gold stability, an interest in such research is a reason for performing the current work. There are various types of AuNPs: Zero-dimensional AuNps: quantum dots, spherical nanoparticles. AuNPs as 1-dimensional: nanowires, nano-rods, nano-belts, nanotubes. AuNPs as 2-dimensional: nano-plates of gold, nano-shell and, AuNPs as 3 dimensional: nano tadpoles of gold, nano- dumbbells of gold (AuNDs), AuNPs being spread, for example, nano-dendrites of gold, nano-pods, and nano-stars. Au NPs, in the field of medicine are investigated for several applications include vectors of drug delivery, agents of contrast, and therapy of localized heat, biomarkers of ultra-sensitive and more. AuNPs are very attractive material for biosensor, chemosensory, genosensor and immunosensor production
تأثير تراكيز بعض المغذيات النباتية على التنوع الطحلبي لمياه مشروع ري كركوك ضمن قضاء طوزخورماتو- العراق
Authors: . محمد عزيز نامق
Published: September 2021

أجريت الدراسة الحالية للتعرف على تأثير بعض المغذيات النباتية على التنوع الطحلبي في مياه مشروع ري كركوك ضمن مدينة طوزخورماتو في ثلاثة مواقع الأول يقع قبل دخول المشروع الى المدينة والثاني يقع ضمن حدود المدينة هو موقع التقاء المشروع مع جدول أقصو وموقع رمي فضلات مجاري مدينة طوزخورماتو أما الثالث يقع خارج المدينة وبمعدل عينة واحدة شهرياً من شهر تشرين الثاني عام 2018 ولغاية شهر أب عام 2019. أوضحت نتائج الدراسة ان هناك تباين في تراكيز المغذيات الرئيسة اعتماداً على طبيعة الموقع وتاريخ جمع العينات إذ تراوحت قيم الفوسفات والسليكا والنترات ما بين (0.24- 2.40) ملغم ذرة فوسفور- فوسفات /لتر، (3.31-0.56)ملغم ذرة سليكون- سليكا/لتر،(0.54-3.75) ملغم ذرة نتروجين - نترات/لتر على التوالي . شخصت (83) نوعاً شكلت الدايتومات (36) نوعاً وهي تمثل الأغلبية ومن أبرز اجناسها Cycotella ,Navicula ,Synedra ,Amphora ,Nitizchia ,Cymbella و(25) نوعاً تعود إلى الطحالب الخضر ومن أجناسها Pandorina ,Protococcus ,Schorederia ,Eudorina ,Microspora ,Aphanochaeta ,Spirogyra ,Stichococcus ,Zygnema Cosmarium و (13) نوع تعود إلى الطحالب الخضر المزرقة ومن أجناسها ,Oscillatoria ,Rivularia Gloeocapsa ,Chroococcus و(5) أنواع تعود إلى الطحالب البنية الذهبية و (1) نوع إلى اليوغلينات من جنس Phacus و (2) نوع الى الطحالب البيرية من جنس Peridinium.
تقدير هرموني السبكسين والريسستين وبعض المعايير الكيموحيوية لدى الذكور المصابين بالأمراض القلبية في مدينة سامراء/العراق
Authors: الزبيدي عباس معن عباس حسين , السامرائي عبد المنعم حمد مجيد
Published: September 2021

تضمنت الدراسة 60 مريضا ( جميعهم كانوا من الذكور ) مصابين بالأمراض القلبية وتتراوح اعمارهم ما بين (37-79 ) سنة, تم اختيارهم عن طريق تشخيص حالاتهم المرضية في مستشفى سامراء،  للفترة من 1/10/2019 والى  29/12/2019 , وتم مقارنتها مع مجموعة السيطرة التي تضمنت 30 عينة من الاشخاص الاصحاء .تم قياس مستوى هرمون السبكسين في المصل ومستوى هرمون الريسستين، ومستويات الدهون في المصل والمتمثلة بالكولسترول الكلي  والدهون الثلاثية والبروتينات الدهنية واطئة الكثافة والبروتينات الدهنية عالية الكثافة .وأظهرت النتائج انخفاضا معنويا (≤ 0.05 p) في مستوى السبكسين في مصل المرضى 6.82±1.07)) بيكو غرام /مل مقارنة بمجموعة السيطرة(88.9±11.0)  بيكو غرام / مل،  ارتفاع تركيز الريسستين معنويا (p<0.05 ) في المرضى (161.5±12.4) نانو غرام / مل مقارنة بالأصحاء (66.4±11.6) نانو غرام / مل .و أظهرت النتائج ارتفاعا معنويا (p< 0.05) في تراكيز كل من (الكولسترول ,TG ,LDL-C ( في المرضى ((222.0±66.7، ((185.9±16.3، (47.9±6.71) ملغم/100مل مقارنة بمجموعة السيطرة (111.4±33.2)،  (117.6±22.7)،  (123.8±8.2) ملغم/ 100مل على التوالي . انخفاضا معنويا (p<0.05) في مستوى HDL-C في امصال دم المرضى (11.01±3.21mg\dl) مقارنة بالأصحاء mg\dl)16.7±37.3).
Chaotic Image Cryptography Systems: A Review
Authors: Khaleel Amal Hameed , Abduljaleel Iman Q.
Published: September 2021

In recent decades, image encryption has been a popular and important field of research. The image encryption techniques have been studied thoroughly to ensure the safety of digital images on transmission through the networks. A large range of algorithms for chaotic-based cryptographic systems has been suggested and submitted to enhance the efficiency of the encryption methods. The chaotic map is one technique to guarantee security. The benefits of chaotic image encryption include the fact that it is simple to implement; it has a faster encryption speed, and it is powerful against attacks. Due to their extreme sensitivity to initial conditions, unpredictability, and random-like behaviours, many image encryption systems using chaotic maps have been proposed. This study paper presents a scientific review of many types of researches during the (2014-2020) years that used chaotic with its various types (one-dimensional, multi-dimensional, or hyper-chaotic) to process the digital images in the encryption stage or the scrambling phase. Furthermore, it presents a future reading of researches that has a wider role in developing the cryptography field by improving the efficiency of Algorithms where using a chaotic map with other methods gives better results than using chaotic alone in scrambling and encryption methods.
Neurophysiology of Basic Molecules Affecting Sleep and Wakefulness Mechanisms, Fundamentals of Sleep Pharmacology
Authors: Kayabekir Murat
Published: September 2021

As part of the biological rhythm, the human brain has a healthy functioning with the ability to differentiate between day and night hours in any given day (sleep rhythm, life rhythm). From the control of hormone levels to muscle tonus, from the regulation of respiratory rate to the content of our thoughts, sleep has an impact on all bodily and cognitive functions. It is not surprising to see such effects of sleep on the body as it leads to significant changes in the electrical activity of the brain in general. Electrical signal changes in the brain (sleep-wakefulness rhythm) are regulated by neurohormonal molecules and their receptors in the body. Neurotransmitters that control sleep and wakefulness can be listed as “Glutamate, Acetylcholine, Histamine, Norepinephrine and GABA”. Main hormones are: Melatonin, Corticotropin Releasing Hormone (CRH), cortisol, prolactin, Growth Hormone (GH), Insulin like Growth Factor (IGF-1, Somatomedin-C), Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH), progesterone, estrogen, testosterone, catecholamines, leptin and neuropeptide Y″. The effects of pharmacological agents on sleep and wakefulness cycles are materialized through the following molecules and their receptors: Hypnotics (GABA A agonists, benzodiazepines, gabapentin, tiagabine), sedative antidepressants (tricyclic antidepressants, trazadone, mitrazapine), antihistamines, medications used for the treatment of sleeplessness (melatonin and melatonin analogues), amphetamine (most commonly used stimulant), secretion of monoamines (dopamine), non-amphetamine stimulants used in the treatment of hypersomnia and narcolepsy (modafinil, bupropion, selegiline, caffeine) and other substances (alcohol, nicotine, anesthetics). To the extent we can conceptualize the physiological mechanisms of these basic molecules listed above and the regions they affect, we can appreciate the effects of these substances on sleep physiology and sleep disorders.
Surgical Education in the 21st Century
Authors: P. Allsbrook Anthony , M. Quiros Roderick
Published: September 2021

Surgical education has evolved drastically since the 19th century. Previously education of surgical residents was limited to on job clinical training following the “see one, do one, teach one” model with knowledge gleaned from textbooks and journals. Presently a growing emphasis has been placed on both patient safety and resident well-being leading to a development of novel training paradigms. The textbook, while remaining a core source of knowledge, is now only one of many resources available to residents. Many residencies have their libraries online, making learning possible almost anywhere, even without physical books in hand. Most programs now incorporate education days where a structured curriculum allows for standardized education; this makes it less likely that residents miss out on mandatory concepts. The 2020 Covid-19 pandemic has led to further evolution of this model, making the classroom virtual yet interactive. Technology has allowed for residents to train on surgical simulators, so that laparoscopic and robotic skills may be practiced before application on a live patient. Altogether residents are afforded multiple ways to learn due to greater availability of time, structured educational modules, and technology.
Promise and Limits
Authors: Trotter Joe William
Published: September 2021

The Urban League of Pittsburgh not only exposed inequality in the labor and housing markets and worked to strengthen the economic foundation of the black community. It also revealed the depths of racial disparities across virtually every aspect of the city's institutional life and vigorously pushed to improve African American access to all categories of human and civic resources and social services. Accordingly, even as it struggled with its own internal class and gender biases and conflicts, the Pittsburgh branch increasingly merged its civil, human rights, and social service agenda to address such inequities.
Introduction
Authors: Ames Melissa
Published: September 2021

The introduction situates contemporary American television within relevant cultural contexts explaining, for example, the ways in which the post-9/11 and post-social media period impacted the cultural environment and the television programming produced within it. This opening chapter provides an overview of relevant affect and media theory that help to explain the ways in which viewers feel through their screens. It also details three key concepts involving affect that ground the arguments within the book: 1) the affect continuum (the ways in which affects are experienced, such as bodily affect, conscious emotion, and collective structures of feeling); 2) affect object reciprocity (the ways in which emotional states impact the production and reception of texts and vice versa); and 3) affect modulation (the ways in which viewers actively turn to entertainment products to alter or reinforce emotional states or how outside parties attempt to do so).
Screening Terror
Authors: Ames Melissa
Published: September 2021

Chapter One analyzes how television not only responded to 9/11 immediately after the tragedy, but also how it responded (and continues to respond) to it years later through fictionalized dramas. By studying the presence of post-9/11 motifs (e.g. salvation, justice, fear, conspiracy) in 21st century fictional television narratives -- through quantitative data on programming trends and a close reading of one particular program -- this essay argues that such programs are important sites where the terrorist attack (and the cultural climate it sparked) is emotionally worked through. However, this chapter also suggests that television's reluctance to revise its post-9/11 narrative in order to reflect contemporary geopolitical realities may also contribute to the perpetual fear cycle shaping national discourse in the United States.
“All the Best Cowboys Have Daddy Issues”
Authors: Ames Melissa
Published: September 2021

Moving from discussion of larger programmatic patters to analysis of specific televisions shows and subgenres, Chapter Four focuses on the social commentary present in ABC's Lost (2004-2010). This essay looks specifically at the way this program reflects the changing status of fathers and authority figures in the 21st century. Given that over sixty episodes were devoted to damaged or deceased dads, this chapter analyzes the ways in which the Lost's parent-child relationships comment on shifting conceptions of masculinity and, on a more metaphoric level, the eroding faith in governmental father figures in the era of the (endless) war on terror.
A Country (Still) Divided
Authors: Ames Melissa
Published: September 2021

Supernatural shows by their nature often incorporate themes such as survival, community, revenge, resurrection, and (the dark side of) humanity -- themes which take on a new meaning in the post-9/11 period. Chapter Six analyzes how these are incorporated into 21st century vampire narratives, such as HBO's True Blood (2008-2014), CW's The Vampire Diaries (2009-2017), and the film adaptations of Stephenie Meyer's Twilight Saga (2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012). Through a recurrent focus on "us versus them," these storylines bring attention to the cultural divides within the United States caused by things such as continued racial conflict, progress in the LGBTQA rights movement, and ongoing (religious and political) debates concerning family values. This essay also analyzes the ways in which the Civil War backstories present within each of these narratives reflect problematic nostalgia for bygone eras (and societal orders).
Defending The Bachelorette
Authors: Ames Melissa
Published: September 2021

Chapter Nine builds upon research concerning the ways in which reality television includes conflicting post-feminist messages that impact the contestants on the shows, as well as the viewers watching them. This essay studies viewer reactions to a particularly controversial season of The Bachelorette -- one which aired the star having sexual intercourse prior to the show's pre-scripted/approved timeline. The online discussion among fans on Twitter reveal the ways in which viewers resist or reinforce gender stereotypes and participate in or criticize the practice of slut shaming.
How Do You Spell Equality?
Authors: Goan Melanie Beals
Published: September 2021

This chapter discusses forces that could have taken the Kentucky suffrage movement in different directions and possibly made it more inclusive. It highlights competing visions of African American women like Mary Ellen Britton, Lucy Wilmot Smith, and Mary V. Cook. It details Eugenia Farmer's efforts to work across race line to expand school suffrage and on Josephine Henry's rejection of narrowly-defined religion. It shows why the effective partnership of Clay, Farmer, and Henry fell apart by the end of the 1890s, leaving Clay as the main guiding voice of KERA. It also shows how the National movement grew more conservative over time.
The Pink Tea Stage
Authors: Goan Melanie Beals
Published: September 2021

During the 19-teens, the Kentucky suffrage movement's momentum began to build. Groups like the Kentucky Federation of Women's Clubs, the Women's Christian Temperance Union, and the Kentucky Education Association pledged support for suffrage, demonstrating its new identity as a mainstream cause. KERA especially targeted men in their efforts to win new converts. The cause still struggled, however, in rural Kentucky. Only by acknowledging deeply rooted values centered on God, family, and community would the suffrage movement gain headway there.
Twenty-Four
Authors: Goan Melanie Beals
Published: September 2021

On January 6, 1920, despite Laura Clay and her Citizens Committee for a State Suffrage Amendment's efforts, Kentucky ratified the Nineteenth Amendment, becoming the twenty-fourth state to do so. This chapter finishes the story by describing the final push by suffragists, especially Madeline McDowell Breckinridge and members of the Louisville Woman Suffrage Association, to place Kentucky in the ratification column.
Sustaining Disruption
Authors: Farquhar John T.
Published: September 2021

This chapter analyzes the evolution of military education at the RCAF Staff College in the decade following the Second World War by stressing the multifaceted approach which relied on the three components of military power: conceptual, moral, and physical. While the former took the lion's share of RCAF military education with its extensive study on airpower, the two latter aspects were also present in the Staff College formative experience to cement an esprit de corps. By comparing the Staff College program to elements present in contemporary staff education at the Canadian Forces College, the essay underlines the roots of military education in the Canadian Forces after the Second World War.
Square Pegs in a Round Hole
Authors: Johnson Wray R.
Published: September 2021

This chapter follows the establishment of the Air Power Development Centre in 1989 to fill a gap in the RAAF lack of and air power education and doctrine. Under the patronage of Air Marshal Ray Funnell, the APDC had a two-fold remit: it fostered the development of an Australian air doctrine with several editions of the Air Power Manual and it led to the spreading of air power concepts in Australian military institutions such as the RAAF Staff College and the Australian Defence Force Academy. Notwithstanding the Centre's efforts in promoting airpower theory in staff and students at training institutions, much should still be done to influence an enduring change in PMET in the Australian forces.
Internationalism and War
Authors: Schmitz David F.
Published: September 2021

With the German invasion of the Soviet Union and the Japanese taking all of Indochina, Roosevelt prepared the country for war and began to implement his grand strategy for victory. The president implemented his expansive vision of the Monroe Doctrine to allow naval escorts of lend-lease supplies across the North Atlantic, extended American aid to Russia, creating the Grand Alliance of the United States, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union, and joined with London in enumerating Western war aims through the adoption of the Atlantic Charter. At the same time, he extended the economic embargo against Japan to include oil, bringing the final break in relations with Tokyo. By the fall 1941, the U.S. Navy was engaged in the Battle of the Atlantic with German submarines. The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941 brought the United States directly into World War II.
Anticipating the Postwar World
Authors: McLaughlin Robert L. , Parry Sally E.
Published: September 2021

Social anxieties about the war and about what it was doing to the country permeated America. What would happen when the war was over? The plays at the end of the war ask what kind of country the United States will be after the war is won, what form postwar democracy will take, and what the county's relationship with the rest of the world what will be. Taken together, the plays produced near and just after the end of the war spend little time celebrating the Allies' victory. Rather, they look at the challenges that returning servicemen will face in trying to reestablish family relationships and trying to heal from psychological wounds. They look at the difficulties families will face when their serviceman doesn't return home. They look at how those on the home front have had to remake their lives in ways that the returning serviceman will have trouble recognizing. They look at how old prejudices will create new social divisions as black and Jewish servicemen return home. They look at how selfish special interests, political naivete, and sheer love of power may undermine the democratic cause for which the nation had fought the war. While much of the country's popular culture was ringing victory bells, along Broadway, many playwrights were sounding alarms.
16
Authors: Golden Eve
Published: September 2021

Jayne and Mickey star in the appallingly funny The Loves of Hercules, made in Italy in 1960. She gives birth to Zoltan Hargitay on August 1, 1960. Jayne is sent to Greece to film It Happened in Athens, another B-loan-out from Fox (not released in the US until 1962). Jayne is profiled on TV's This Is Your Life.
20
Authors: Golden Eve
Published: September 2021

Career disaster for Jayne in 1963, when she stars (with Mickey) in the cheap, soft-core porn film Promises..... Promises!, and poses nude for Playboy (in an issue ruled obscene by courts, getting Hugh Hefner arrested).
23
Authors: Golden Eve
Published: September 2021

In 1964, with no decent film offers, Jayne embarks on summer stock and dinner theater, starring in Bus Stop and Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (both formerly Marilyn Monroe films). She falls in love with director Matt Cimber, which ends her marriage to Mickey Hargitay. Jayne and Matt marry on September 24, 1964. Jayne and Matt move to New York, abandoning the Pink Palace.In August 1964 Jayne meets the Beatles who (except for Ringo) are cruel and dismissive toward her. Jayne also promotes her delightfully silly Jayne Mansfield for President campaign ("The White House or Bust!").
1875–1904
Authors: Erish Andrew A.
Published: September 2021

Chapter One covers the early years of Vitagraph's founders, J. Stuart Blackton and Albert E. Smith, poor immigrants who met in New York as teenagers and pooled their talents to become vaudeville entertainers. An encounter with Thomas Edison's kinetoscope inspired them to become filmmakers. The partners' background in vaudeville would inform the family-friendly variety of their cinematic productions, a key to their success. Smith applied his ingenuity as a magician to several of their early films, which resulted in the development of stop-motion cinematography. In 1898 Blackton and Smith brought a third partner into their company, which they named Vitagraph. William T. Rock secured better vaudeville contracts and opened up other venues for the exhibition of their films. Rock was also instrumental in preventing Vitagraph from going out of business as it combated relentless litigation from Edison's attorneys over patents rights that crippled the company's production activities for several years.
La Idea de “Razón Publica” (y su Revisión) en el Último Rawls
Authors: Aranda Fraga Fernando ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

In 1993 John Rawls published his main and longest work since 1971, where he had published his reknowned A Theory of Justice, book that made him famous as the greatest political philosopher of the century. We are referring to Political Liberalism, a summary of his writings of the 80’s and the first half of the 90’s, where he attempts to answer the critics of his intellectual partners, communitarian philosophers. One of the key topics in this book is the issue of “public reason”, whose object is nothing else than public good, and on which the principles and proceedings of justice are to be applied. The book was so important for the political philosophy of the time that in 1997 Rawls had to go through the 1993 edition, becoming this new one the last relevant writing published before the death of the Harvard philosopher in November 2002.
A Cidadania Como Cultivo
Authors: Barata-Moura José ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

Se développant autour du problème de la citoyenneté, l’article soutient qu’il s’agit moins d’un statut fixe que d’un processus de construction, c’est-à-dire, d’une affaire de culture. Plusieurs de ces connexions fortes entre les deux concepts sont ici présentées sous la forme d’énoncés: a) la citoyenneté doit être comprise en tant qu’œuvre de culture; b) la citoyenneté n’existe que dans un cadre de culture où elle peut s’exercer; c) les déterminations de la citoyenneté sont à son tour enrichies par les possibilités de la culture.
Política e Jurisprudência
Authors: Kritsch Raquel ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

Le propos de l’article c’est d’analyser la formation et l’évolution du concept de souveraineté, concernant essentiellement les siècles XII-XIV, une période au long de laquelle il est progressivement configuré. La thèse fondamentale de l’auteur consiste précisément dans l’affirmation selon laquelle les questions inhérentes à la souveraineté sont simultanément politiques et juridiques, liaison intrinsèque qui transparaît dans les deux moments essentiels de la construction du concept de souveraineté : le premier se rapportant avec la question de la distribution des juridictions strictu sensu, c’est-à-dire, avec la définition de l’entité dont la mission est de faire accomplir la loi en tant que telle; le second qui signale l’apparition d’un sens plus large du concept de juridiction - légitimité de créer, de changer et de révoquer les normes - associée à l’idée de pouvoir législatif dans une acception moderne. Cette construction en deux mouvements est analysée dans des auteurs fondamentaux de cette période depuis les canonistes du XIII siècle jusqu’à Guillaume d’Ockham, passant par Saint Thomas d'Aquin et Jean Quidort, entre autres.
From Suicide to Prostitution
Authors: Papadaki Lina ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

This article focuses on Kant’s central belief that an individual’s humanity, her rational personhood, ought never be treated merely as a means. I focus on two paradigmatic cases of such treatment, for Kant, namely suicide and prostitution. In the case of suicide, the individual treats his own humanity merely as a means in completely eliminating it to escape from his miserable life. The case of prostitution is more complicated. It is not obvious how the prostitute’s rational personhood is compromised. An analysis of Kant’s views on prostitution and sexuality enables us to understand Kant’s concern that the prostitute is treated merely as a means. However, his more extreme position that the prostitute is reduced to the status of a thing for use is not supported by arguments. A woman’s use (or, rather, misuse) as a mere means, I explain, is insufficient to define her status as an object.