bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RENDIMENTO EM LAMINAÇÃO DE MADEIRA DE PARICÁ NA REGIÃO DE PARAGOMINAS, PARÁ
Authors: Silva Gilson Fernandes da , Mendonça Adriano Ribeiro de , Hoffmann Raphael Gomes , Zaneti Luciano Zumerli , Chichorro José Franklim , Ferreira Rinaldo Luiz Caraciolo
Published: March 2016

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o rendimento em laminação de madeira de paricá (Schizolobium amazonicum Huber ex. Ducke) em plantios comerciais na região de Paragominas, Pará. A partir de 180 árvores-amostra oriundas de plantios com idades de cinco, seis e sete anos em espaçamento 4 x 4 m, foram avaliados o rendimento médio na atividade levando em consideração os rendimentos por idade e por classe de diâmetro. Foram avaliadas também as perdas em todo o processo de laminação. Os resultados apontaram um rendimento médio de 50,31% na atividade, o que é compatível com espécies dos gêneros Pinus e Eucalyptus. Verificou-se que as árvores com maior idade e diâmetro apresentaram os maiores rendimento e, consequentemente, as menores perdas devido a defeitos e ao rolo-resto.
Brief Report: A Comparison of Symbol-Precedence View in Investigative and Conventional Textbooks Used in Algebra Courses
Authors: Sherman Milan F. , Walkington Candace , Howell Elizabeth
Published: March 2016

Recent reform movements have emphasized students making meaning of algebraic relationships; however, research on student thinking and learning often remains disconnected from the design of widely used curricular materials. Although a previous examination of algebra textbooks (Nathan, Long, & Alibali, 2002) demonstrated a preference for a symbols-first approach, research has demonstrated that Algebra I students' performance on verbally presented problems is better than on symbolic equations, consistent with cognitive theories suggesting the value of concreteness fading. The present study investigates whether current textbooks used in Algebra I courses demonstrate a formalisms-first approach using five different analyses. Results show that despite nearly 2 decades of research on student learning, the conventional textbooks used in most classrooms have been resistant to change and emphasize manipulation with symbols prior to making sense of verbal scenarios.
Technology-Based Geometry Activities for Teaching Vector Operations
Authors: Appova Aina , Berezovski Tetyana
Published: March 2016

Students connect operations in linear algebra with geometric representations.
From Plato to Euler
Authors: Johnson Art
Published: March 2016

Connect polygon edges to form the five Platonic solids.
Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment for Older Patients: A National Survey of Osteopathic Physicians
Authors: King Channell Millicent , Wang Yvette , McLaughlin Matthew H. , Ciesielski Janice , Pomerantz Sherry C.
Published: March 2016

Context: The mission of the American Academy of Osteopathy (AAO) emphasizes “the integration of osteopathic principles, practices and manipulative treatment in patient care.” Osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) can be used to address serious conditions affecting older persons (≥65 years). However, the percentage of osteopathic physicians who use OMT in older patients, the differences in conditions for which OMT is used, and the OMT techniques used in older patients compared with younger patients are unknown.

Objective: To determine the use of OMT by osteopathic physicians in older patients compared with younger patients.

Methods: Members of the AAO were invited, via 3 e-mail messages sent over the course of a 4-month period, to participate in an anonymous online survey. The survey asked physicians to report the percentage of patients by age group (<65 years, 65-79 years, and ≥80 years) to whom they provided OMT, the types of musculoskeletal and system-based conditions for which OMT was used, and the specific OMT techniques used.

Results: A total of 197 of 629 AAO members (31.3%) responded to the survey. Respondents indicated that OMT was used at approximately the same rate in all patients in the 3 age groups. Osteopathic manipulative treatment was frequently used to manage a variety of musculoskeletal conditions, with the exception of osteoporosis, in all patients in the 3 age groups. The system-based conditions most often managed with OMT were respiratory and neurologic conditions. Various OMT techniques were used to treat patients in the 3 age groups; however, high-velocity, low-amplitude (HVLA) was usually avoided in patients aged 65 years or older.

Conclusion: Osteopathic physicians who used OMT in their practice administered OMT for a variety of musculoskeletal and system-based conditions in patients of all ages. Various OMT techniques were used by these physicians for patients of all ages, with the exception of HVLA, which was mainly used in patients younger than 65 years.
New bridge-circuit-type detector to measure precise resistance change of strain gauge at low temperature and magnetic field
Authors: Ohashi Masashi , Kishii Nobuya , Tateno Shota
Published: March 2016

We report a new highly accurate and versatile bridge-circuit-type detector that has a simple structure and demonstrates a low degree of error for measurements of thermal expansion and magnetostriction by the strain gauge method. As an example, a commercial physical property measurement system (PPMS) is combined with a compact bridge-circuit box. Thermal expansion and magnetostriction are calculated from the resistance of the bridge and bridge voltage, measured by the operation of a standard PPMS resistivity option. The performance of the new detector is demonstrated by measuring the temperature and magnetic field dependences of the strain to obtain the thermal expansion coefficient and magnetostriction of the single crystals of rare-earth compounds RAl2 (R = Dy, Tb).
Analysis of GaN high electron mobility transistor switching characteristics for high-power applications with HiSIM-GaN compact model
Authors: Mizoguchi Takeshi , Naka Toshiyuki , Tanimoto Yuta , Okada Yasuhiro , Saito Wataru , Miura-Mattausch Mitiko , Mattausch Hans Jürgen
Published: March 2016

This paper presents a newly developed compact model HiSIM-GaN [Hiroshima University STARC IGFET Model for GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs)]. The developed model includes two specific features of GaN-HEMT to reproduce the power efficiency accurately. One is the two-dimensional electron gas induced at the heterojunction, which is modeled by considering the potential distribution across the junction including the trap density contribution. The second feature is the field plate, which is introduced to delocalize the electric-field peak that occurs at the electrode edge. Using HiSIM-GaN, device characteristics have been simulated. It is demonstrated that measured DC/AC characteristics are well reproduced with the developed model. The model has also been applied to analyze circuit characteristics of a boost converter. It is shown that the waveform is well reproduced by considering one half of the trap density extracted with measured DC characteristics due to the time constant of trap events. Furthermore, it is verified that the power efficiency as a function of the load current is predicted within an accuracy of 1%. Influence of the trap density and the field plate on circuit performances is also discussed.
High-quality, 2-inch-diameter m-plane GaN substrates grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy on acidic ammonothermal seeds
Authors: Tsukada Yusuke , Enatsu Yuuki , Kubo Shuichi , Ikeda Hirotaka , Kurihara Kaori , Matsumoto Hajime , Nagao Satoru , Mikawa Yutaka , Fujito Kenji
Published: March 2016

In this paper, we discusse the origin of basal-plane stacking faults (BSFs) generated in the homoepitaxial hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) growth of m-plane gallium nitride (GaN). We investigated the effects of seed quality, especially dislocation density, on BSF generation during homoepitaxy. The results clearly identify basal-plane dislocation in the seed as a cause of BSF generation. We realized high-quality m-plane GaN substrates with a 2-in. diameter using HVPE on low-dislocation-density m-plane seeds.
Study of radiation detection properties of GaN pn diode
Authors: Sugiura Mutsuhito , Kushimoto Maki , Mitsunari Tadashi , Yamashita Kohei , Honda Yoshio , Amano Hiroshi , Inoue Yoku , Mimura Hidenori , Aoki Toru , Nakano Takayuki
Published: March 2016

Recently, GaN, which has remarkable properties as a material for optical devices and high-power electron devices, has also attracted attention as a material for radiation detectors. We previously suggested the use of BGaN as a neutron detector material. However, the radiation detection characteristics of GaN itself are not yet adequately understood. For realizing a BGaN neutron detector, the understanding of the radiation detection characteristics of GaN, which is a base material of the neutron detector, is important. In this study, we evaluated the radiation detection characteristics of GaN. We performed I–V and energy spectrum measurements under alpha ray, gamma ray, and thermal neutron irradiations to characterize the radiation detection characteristics of a GaN diode. The obtained results indicate that GaN is an effective material for our proposed new BGaN-based neutron detector.
The (mis)measurement of the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen: exploitation at the core of the scale
Authors: Kajonius Petri J. , Persson Björn N. , Rosenberg Patricia , Garcia Danilo
Published: March 2016

Background.The dark side of human character has been conceptualized in the Dark Triad Model: Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism. These three dark traits are often measured using single long instruments for each one of the traits. Nevertheless, there is a necessity of short and valid personality measures in psychological research. As an independent research group, we replicated the factor structure, convergent validity and item response for one of the most recent and widely used short measures to operationalize these malevolent traits, namely, Jonason’s Dark Triad Dirty Dozen. We aimed to expand the understanding of what the Dirty Dozen really captures because the mixed results on construct validity in previous research.

Method. We used the largest sample to date to respond to the Dirty Dozen (N= 3,698). We firstly investigated the factor structure using Confirmatory Factor Analysis and an exploratory distribution analysis of the items in the Dirty Dozen. Secondly, using a sub-sample (n= 500) and correlation analyses, we investigated the Dirty Dozen dark traits convergent validity to Machiavellianism measured by the Mach-IV, psychopathy measured by Eysenck’s Personality Questionnaire Revised, narcissism using the Narcissism Personality Inventory, and both neuroticism and extraversion from the Eysenck’s questionnaire. Finally, besides these Classic Test Theory analyses, we analyzed the responses for each Dirty Dozen item using Item Response Theory (IRT).

Results.The results confirmed previous findings of a bi-factor model fit: one latent core dark trait and three dark traits. All three Dirty Dozen traits had a striking bi-modal distribution, which might indicate unconcealed social undesirability with the items. The three Dirty Dozen traits did converge too, although not strongly, with the contiguous single Dark Triad scales (rbetween .41 and .49). The probabilities of filling out steps on the Dirty Dozen narcissism-items were much higher than on the Dirty Dozen items for Machiavellianism and psychopathy. Overall, the Dirty Dozen instrument delivered the most predictive value with persons with average and high Dark Triad traits (theta> −0.5). Moreover, the Dirty Dozen scale was better conceptualized as a combined Machiavellianism-psychopathy factor, not narcissism, and is well captured with item 4: ‘I tend to exploit others towards my own end.’

Conclusion.The Dirty Dozen showed a consistent factor structure, a relatively convergent validity similar to that found in earlier studies. Narcissism measured using the Dirty Dozen, however, did not contribute with information to the core of the Dirty Dozen construct. More importantly, the results imply that the core of the Dirty Dozen scale, a manipulative and anti-social trait, can be measured by a Single Item Dirty Dark Dyad (SIDDD).
Deployment Plan of Wireless Distribution System of ASIST Intranet Network Infrastructure
Authors: Guidang Excel Philip B.
Published: March 2016

Corporate giants have long recognized the importance of intranet in doing business. It is often implemented using conventional structured cabling.  It increases productivity and produces higher Return on Investment (ROI). The study was conducted to develop Abra State Institute of Sciences and Technology (ASIST) Intranet Network Plan.  It employed the descriptive and applied methods of research. A pre-validated research survey questionnaire adopted from the E-Government Fund Management Office Survey Questionnaire for Existing ICT Infrastructure Inventory (2014) was used. This paper defines how Wireless Distribution System (WDS) was configured to deploy an intranet in ASIST Lagangilang Campus, Lagangilang, Abra, Philippines. Several simulation processes on network test were performed to validate the connectivity. Testing provided an understanding and confidence before deployment. Wireless Distribution System is effective in sharing Internet connectivity where physical connectivity is impossible. The use of the Digitized School map has helped a lot in providing a clear view on the vegetation in the vicinity in between buildings. Moreover, it provided assistance in decision making to which type of 802.11 wireless is appropriate in distributing the internet signal over long distances. Finally, Squid proxy server is effective in restricting accessible websites.
Second-generation antipsychotic use in borderline personality disorder: What are we targeting?
Authors: Wasylyshen Adrian , Williams Andrew M.
Published: March 2016

Introduction: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a personality disorder plagued with high rates of psychotropic polypharmacy. Estimates show that second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) are used in most of these patients; however, they are being prescribed off label.

Methods: A literature review was conducted via PubMed in search for studies evaluating SGA use in BPD.

Results: There are available data investigating 8 of 11 SGAs and their use in BPD. Of N = 269 potential articles, N = 34 evaluating the use of SGAs in BPD were included.

Discussion: Strong evidence supporting SGAs in BPD is lacking. Potential target symptoms in which a SGA may be useful include depression, anxiety, anger, impulsivity, and paranoia/dissociative behavior.
Identification, assessment, and management of pain in patients with advanced dementia
Authors: Malotte Kasey L. , McPherson Mary Lynn
Published: March 2016

Patients with advanced dementia have a high symptom burden at end of life. Many of those with dementia have reports of symptoms similar to those without dementia, yet are treated less frequently. Pain is a prevalent symptom that can be underrecognized because of the ability of the patient to self-report. Several tools are available to help with the identification of pain, but they should only be one aspect in the overall assessment. Health care providers must anticipate this and screen for and treat potential pain. This includes obtaining a self-report, searching for potential causes for pain, observing patient behavior, gaining proxy reporting of pain, and attempting an appropriate analgesic trial. It is beneficial for all those involved with a patient's care to screen for pain because of the potential benefits in decreasing behaviors and subsequent antipsychotic use.
Three‐Dimensional Patterning of the ECM Microenvironment Using Magnetic Nanoparticle Self Assembly
Authors: Kim Jiyun , Tanner Kandice
Published: March 2016

This protocol describes a way to introduce topography to three‐dimensional (3D) biomaterials. The self‐assembling behavior of magnetic particles can be exploited to form nanoscale to microscale fibers, such that one can dissect the contribution of topography on cell behavior, which is independent of other physical properties of the biomaterial (e.g., stiffness). The magnetic particles are chemically cross‐linked with several extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and then using magnetic force‐mediated assembly, one can program aligned nanofibers in a 3D hydrogel. This process allows the creation of diverse topographic patterns in 3D, including isotropic, anisotropic (fibril), or interfaced architectures, without changing the bulk stiffness of the scaffold material. This anisotropic architecture guides the dendritic protrusions of cells, which can be compared to cells grown in an isotropic architecture lacking spatial guidance cues. Several cell types, such as fibroblasts and neurons, have been cultured in this engineered 3D matrix. This technology provides an easy way to construct nano‐bio interfaces for various biomedical engineering applications as well as dissect the role of topography in various cell behaviors. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Antarctic station‐based seasonal pressure reconstructions since 1905: 2. Variability and trends during the twentieth century
Authors: Fogt Ryan L. , Jones Julie M. , Goergens Chad A. , Jones Megan E. , Witte Grant A. , Lee Ming Yueng
Published: March 2016

The Antarctic seasonal station‐based pressure reconstructions evaluated in our companion paper are evaluated here to provide additional knowledge on Antarctic pressure variability during the twentieth century. In the period from 1905 to 1956, we find that the Hadley Centre gridded sea level pressure data set compared the best with our reconstructions, perhaps due to similar methods to estimate pressure without direct observations. The primary focus on the twentieth century Antarctic pressure variability was in summer and winter, as these were the seasons with the highest reconstruction skill. In summer, there is considerable interannual variability that was spatially uniform across all of Antarctica. Notable high pressure anomalies were found in the summers of 1911/1912 and 1925/1926; both summers correspond to negative phases of the Southern Annular Mode as well as El Niño events in the tropical Pacific. In addition, negative summer pressure trends during the last ~40 years across all of Antarctica are unique in the context of 30 year trends throughout the entire twentieth century, suggesting a strong component of anthropogenic forcing on the recent summer trends. In contrast, mean winter pressure is less variable from year to year during the early twentieth century, and there is less similarity between the pressure variations along the Antarctic Peninsula compared to the rest of the continent. No significant pressure trends were found consistently across all Antarctica (although some significant regional trends can be identified), and low‐frequency, multidecadal‐scale variability appears to dominate the historical pressure variations in this season.
Sequence and relative timing of large lakes in Gale crater (Mars) after the formation of Mount Sharp
Authors: Palucis Marisa C. , Dietrich William E. , Williams Rebecca M. E. , Hayes Alexander G. , Parker Tim , Sumner Dawn Y. , Mangold Nicolas , Lewis Kevin , Newsom Horton
Published: March 2016

The quantification of lake levels in Gale crater is important to define the hydrologic and climatic history experienced by the sedimentary deposits found by Curiosity. We propose that there were at least three major lake stands within Gale, each persisted >1000 years, and all occurred after Mount Sharp reached close to its current topographic form. Deltaic deposits off the southern rim of Gale, derived from incision of Farah Vallis, and corresponding deposits off the southern flank of Mount Sharp define the highest lake level, which had a mean depth of 700 m. Canyons similar in form to Farah Vallis enter into craters and/or the crustal dichotomy near Gale from the south, suggesting that the highest lake was supplied by a large‐scale flow system. The next lake level, established after a period of drying and rewetting, is defined by four deltaic features, three sourced from Mount Sharp and one from the western rim of Gale, as well as the termination of gullies around the northern rim of Gale. This second lake level had a mean depth of 300 m. The presence of the gullies suggests more locally sourced water. Lake levels then rose another 100 m, as evidenced by two deltaic deposits derived from the rim of Gale and the termination of a second set of gullies. Post‐lake, reduced hydrologic activity continued, evidenced by a time of fan building (including Peace Vallis). The sequence of events suggests an episodic shift through time from relatively wet regional conditions to a drier environment with local runoff.
Solar modulation of the deep space galactic cosmic ray lineal energy spectrum measured by CRaTER, 2009–2014
Authors: Zeitlin C. , Case A. W. , Schwadron N. A. , Spence H. E. , Mazur J. E. , Joyce C. J. , Looper M. D. , Jordan A. , Rios R. R. , Townsend L. W. , Kasper J. C. , Blake J. B. , Smith S. , Wilson J. , Iwata Y.
Published: March 2016

The Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation (CRaTER) is an energetic particle detector flying aboard the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. Since arriving at the Moon in 2009, CRaTER has observed the deep solar minimum of solar cycle 23, the ascending phase of cycle 24, the very weak maximum of cycle 24, and in recent months, what appears to be the start of the descending phase of cycle 24. In earlier work, we presented lineal energy spectra of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) at solar minimum for different shielding depths. The long period of CRaTER observations allows us to study the evolution of these spectra as a function of solar modulation. As solar modulation increases, the total flux of GCRs decreases, and lower‐energy ions are preferentially removed from the spectrum of ions that arrive in the inner heliosphere. These effects lead to modest variations in the lineal energy spectrum as a function of time. GCR fluxes at the 2009/2010 solar minimum were high by historical standards and at solar maximum remained high compared to earlier maxima.
Enhanced haze pollution by black carbon in megacities in China
Authors: Ding A. J. , Huang X. , Nie W. , Sun J. N. , Kerminen V.‐M. , Petäjä T. , Su H. , Cheng Y. F. , Yang X.‐Q. , Wang M. H. , Chi X. G. , Wang J. P. , Virkkula A. , Guo W. D. , Yuan J. , Wang S. Y. , Zhang R. J. , Wu Y. F. , Song Y. , Zhu T. , Zilitinkevich S. , Kulmala M. , Fu C. B.
Published: March 2016

Aerosol‐planetary boundary layer (PBL) interactions have been found to enhance air pollution in megacities in China. We show that black carbon (BC) aerosols play the key role in modifying the PBL meteorology and hence enhancing the haze pollution. With model simulations and data analysis from various field observations in December 2013, we demonstrate that BC induces heating in the PBL, particularly in the upper PBL, and the resulting decreased surface heat flux substantially depresses the development of PBL and consequently enhances the occurrences of extreme haze pollution episodes. We define this process as the “dome effect” of BC and suggest an urgent need for reducing BC emissions as an efficient way to mitigate the extreme haze pollution in megacities of China.
Retrieval of seasonal dynamics of forest understory reflectance from semiarid to boreal forests using MODIS BRDF data
Authors: Pisek Jan , Chen Jing M. , Kobayashi Hideki , Rautiainen Miina , Schaepman Michael E. , Karnieli Arnon , Sprinstin Michael , Ryu Youngryel , Nikopensius Maris , Raabe Kairi
Published: March 2016

Spatial and temporal patterns of forest background (understory) reflectance are crucial for retrieving biophysical parameters of forest canopies (overstory) and subsequently for ecosystem modeling. In this communication, we retrieved seasonal courses of understory normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from multiangular Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer bidirectional reflectance distribution function (MODIS BRDF)/albedo data. We compared satellite‐based seasonal courses of understory NDVI to understory NDVI values measured in different types of forests distributed along a wide latitudinal gradient (65.12°N–31.35°N). Our results indicated that the retrieval method performs well particularly over open forests of different types. We also demonstrated the limitations of the method for closed canopies, where the understory signal retrieval is much attenuated.
Analysis of Mouse Growth Plate Development
Authors: Mangiavini Laura , Merceron Christophe , Schipani Ernestina
Published: March 2016

To investigate skeletal development, pathophysiological mechanisms of cartilage and bone disease, and eventually assess innovative treatments, the mouse is a very important resource. During embryonic development, mesenchymal condensations are formed, and cells within these mesenchymal condensations either directly differentiate into osteoblasts and give origin to intramembranous bone, or differentiate into chondrocytes and form a cartilaginous anlage. The cartilaginous anlage or fetal growth plate is then replaced with bone. This process is also called endochondral bone development, and it is responsible for the generation of most of our skeleton. Here we discuss in detail the most common in vivo and in vitro techniques our laboratory is currently using for the analysis of the mouse fetal growth plate during development. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Taking Care of Business: The Opportunities and Dilemmas for Adult Education in a Changing Economy
Authors: Scully‐Russ Ellen
Published: March 2016

The new emphasis on vocational skills provides adult education a new raison d’être and presents new developmental dilemmas to the field of adult education. This chapter examines these tensions in light of significant social change that places underqualified adults at great risk to a vicious cycle of marginalization and how adult education will be shaped by the way adult educators respond to these new demands and dilemmas.
Supramolecular Approaches to Graphene: From Self‐Assembly to Molecule‐Assisted Liquid‐Phase Exfoliation
Authors: Ciesielski Artur , Samorì Paolo
Published: March 2016

Graphene, a one‐atom thick two‐dimensional (2D) material, is at the core of an ever‐growing research effort due to its combination of unique mechanical, thermal, optical and electrical properties. Two strategies are being pursued for the graphene production: the bottom‐up and the top‐down. The former relies on the use of covalent chemistry approaches on properly designed molecular building blocks undergoing chemical reaction to form 2D covalent networks. The latter occurs via exfoliation of bulk graphite into individual graphene sheets. Amongst the various types of exfoliations exploited so far, ultrasound‐induced liquid‐phase exfoliation (UILPE) is an attractive strategy, being extremely versatile, up‐scalable and applicable to a variety of environments. In this review, we highlight the recent developments that have led to successful non‐covalent functionalization of graphene and how the latter can be exploited to promote the process of molecule‐assisted UILPE of graphite. The functionalization of graphene with non‐covalently interacting molecules, both in dispersions as well as in dry films, represents a promising and modular approach to tune various physical and chemical properties of graphene, eventually conferring to such a 2D system a multifunctional nature.
What Is the Value of Extrinsic Olive Oil Cues in Emerging Markets? Empirical Evidence from the U.S. E‐Commerce Retail Market
Authors: Roselli Luigi , Carlucci Domenico , De Gennaro Bernardo Corrado
Published: March 2016

Olive oil consumption in the United States has more than tripled over the past two decades and imports have grown considerably, in particular from Mediterranean countries. This is due to the spread of the Mediterranean diet and increasing consumer awareness about the health benefits of olive oil. We investigated the role of the main extrinsic quality cues (size of container, product category, organic certification, geographical indications, country of origin, and brand) in affecting the price of olive oil sold in the U.S. e‐commerce retail market. Using data from amazon.com, the leading e‐retailer in the United States, a hedonic price model was estimated. Results show that all the considered extrinsic quality cues have a significant impact on the price of olive oil, with interesting implications for both practitioners and policy makers. [EconLit citations: Q110; Q130; Q170].
Molecular Imaging of Biological Samples on Nanophotonic Laser Desorption Ionization Platforms
Authors: Stopka Sylwia A. , Rong Charles , Korte Andrew R. , Yadavilli Sridevi , Nazarian Javad , Razunguzwa Trust T. , Morris Nicholas J. , Vertes Akos
Published: March 2016

Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a comprehensive tool for the analysis of a wide range of biomolecules. The mainstream method for molecular MSI is matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization, however, the presence of a matrix results in spectral interferences and the suppression of some analyte ions. Herein we demonstrate a new matrix‐free MSI technique using nanophotonic ionization based on laser desorption ionization (LDI) from a highly uniform silicon nanopost array (NAPA). In mouse brain and kidney tissue sections, the distributions of over 80 putatively annotated molecular species are determined with 40 μm spatial resolution. Furthermore, NAPA‐LDI‐MS is used to selectively analyze metabolites and lipids from sparsely distributed algal cells and the lamellipodia of human hepatocytes. Our results open the door for matrix‐free MSI of tissue sections and small cell populations by nanophotonic ionization.
Determinants for Tight and Selective Binding of a Medicinal Dicarbene Gold(I) Complex to a Telomeric DNA G‐Quadruplex: a Joint ESI MS and XRD Investigation
Authors: Bazzicalupi Carla , Ferraroni Marta , Papi Francesco , Massai Lara , Bertrand Benoît , Messori Luigi , Gratteri Paola , Casini Angela
Published: March 2016

The dicarbene gold(I) complex [Au(9‐methylcaffein‐8‐ylidene)2]BF4 is an exceptional organometallic compound of profound interest as a prospective anticancer agent. This gold(I) complex was previously reported to be highly cytotoxic toward various cancer cell lines in vitro and behaves as a selective G‐quadruplex stabilizer. Interactions of the gold complex with various telomeric DNA models have been analyzed by a combined ESI MS and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) approach. ESI MS measurements confirmed formation of stable adducts between the intact gold(I) complex and Tel 23 DNA sequence. The crystal structure of the adduct formed between [Au(9‐methylcaffein‐8‐ylidene)2]+ and Tel 23 DNA G‐quadruplex was solved. Tel 23 maintains a characteristic propeller conformation while binding three gold(I) dicarbene moieties at two distinct sites. Stacking interactions appear to drive noncovalent binding of the gold(I) complex. The structural basis for tight gold(I) complex/G‐quadruplex recognition and its selectivity are described.
Flexible Near‐Infrared Photovoltaic Devices Based on Plasmonic Hot‐Electron Injection into Silicon Nanowire Arrays
Authors: Liu Dong , Yang Dong , Gao Yang , Ma Jun , Long Ran , Wang Chengming , Xiong Yujie
Published: March 2016

The development of flexible near‐infrared (NIR) photovoltaic (PV) devices containing silicon meets the strong demands for solar utilization, portability, and sustainable manufacture; however, improvements in the NIR light absorption and conversion efficiencies in ultrathin crystalline Si are required. We have developed an approach to improve the quantum efficiency of flexible PV devices in the NIR spectral region by integrating Si nanowire arrays with plasmonic Ag nanoplates. The Ag nanoplates can directly harvest and convert NIR light into plasmonic hot electrons for injection into Si, while the Si nanowire arrays offer light trapping. Taking the wavelength of 800 nm as an example, the external quantum efficiency has been improved by 59 % by the integration Ag nanoplates. This work provides an alternative strategy for the design and fabrication of flexible NIR PVs.
A Symmetric Recognition Motif between Vicinal Diols: The Fourfold Grip in Ethylene Glycol Dimer
Authors: Kollipost Franz , Otto Katharina E. , Suhm Martin A.
Published: March 2016

Ethylene glycol has a transiently chiral, asymmetric global minimum structure, but it favors a highly symmetric, achiral dimer arrangement which has not been considered or found in previous quantum‐chemical studies. Complementary FTIR and Raman spectroscopy in supersonic jets allows for the detection and straightforward assignment of this four‐fold hydrogen‐bonded dimer, which introduces an interesting supramolecular binding motif for vicinal diols and provides a strong case for transient chirality synchronization.
Cationic Silica‐Supported N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Tungsten Oxo Alkylidene Sites: Highly Active and Stable Catalysts for Olefin Metathesis
Authors: Pucino Margherita , Mougel Victor , Schowner Roman , Fedorov Alexey , Buchmeiser Michael R. , Copéret Christophe
Published: March 2016

Designing supported alkene metathesis catalysts with high activity and stability is still a challenge, despite significant advances in the last years. Described herein is the combination of strong σ‐donating N‐heterocyclic carbene ligands with weak σ‐donating surface silanolates and cationic tungsten sites leading to highly active and stable alkene metathesis catalysts. These well‐defined silica‐supported catalysts, [(≡SiO)W(=O)(=CHCMe2Ph)(IMes)(OTf)] and [(≡SiO)W(=O)(=CHCMe2Ph)(IMes)+][B(ArF)4−] [IMes=1,3‐bis(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)‐imidazol‐2‐ylidene, B(ArF)4=B(3,5‐(CF3)2C6H3)4] catalyze alkene metathesis, and the cationic species display unprecedented activity for a broad range of substrates, especially for terminal olefins with turnover numbers above 1.2 million for propene.
Selective CO2 Adsorption in a Supramolecular Organic Framework
Authors: Patil Rahul S. , Banerjee Debasis , Zhang Chen , Thallapally Praveen K. , Atwood Jerry L.
Published: March 2016

Considering the rapidly rising CO2 level, there is a constant need for versatile materials which can selectively adsorb CO2 at low cost. The quest for efficient sorptive materials is still on since the practical applications of conventional porous materials possess certain limitations. In that context, we designed, synthesized, and characterized two novel supramolecular organic frameworks based on C‐pentylpyrogallol[4]arene (PgC5) with spacer molecules, such as 4,4′‐bipyridine (bpy). Highly optimized and symmetric intermolecular hydrogen‐bonding interactions between the main building blocks and comparatively weak van der Waals interactions between solvent molecules and PgC5 leads to the formation of robust extended frameworks, which withstand solvent evacuation from the crystal lattice. The evacuated framework shows excellent affinity for carbon dioxide over nitrogen and adsorbs ca. 3 wt % of CO2 at ambient temperature and pressure.
Morphology and molecular mobility of plasticized polylactic acid studied using solid‐state 13C‐ and 1H‐NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Koval'aková Mária , Olčák Dušan , Hronský Viktor , Vrábel Peter , Fričová Oľga , Chodák Ivan , Alexy Pavel , Sučik Gabriel
Published: March 2016

MAS 13C‐NMR measurements were used for the study of morphology and molecular mobility in amorphous quenched and triacetine‐plasticized PLA samples and PLA samples which underwent cold crystallization during annealing at 80 and 100 °C. The single pulse MAS 13C‐NMR spectra indicate that plasticizer promotes cold crystallization which results in the decrease of the temperature of crystallization and formation of more perfect crystalline domains. The T1(13C) spin‐lattice relaxation times show that the presence of plasticizer molecules leads to an increase of local mobility in PLA chains but plasticized PLA after annealing at 100 °C shows more rigid structure. The series of broad line 1H‐NMR spectra performed at temperatures up to 100 °C provided information on the changes in relaxation processes and morphology of the studied samples. The interpretation of the results obtained using the techniques of NMR spectroscopy were supported by WAXD and DSC measurements. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43517.
Is the semi‐regular variable RU Vulpeculae undergoing a helium‐shell flash?
Authors: Uttenthaler S. , Greimel R. , Templeton M.
Published: March 2016

The semi‐regular variable star RU Vulpeculae (RU Vul) is being observed visually since 1935. Its pulsation period and amplitude are declining since ∼1954. A leading hypothesis to explain the period decrease in asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars such as RU Vul is an ongoing flash of the He‐burning shell, also called a thermal pulse (TP), inside the star. In this paper, we present a CCD photometric light curve of RU Vul, derive its fundamental parameters, and test if the TP hypothesis can describe the observed period decline. We use CCD photometry to determine the present‐day pulsation period and amplitude in three photometric bands, and high‐resolution optical spectroscopy to derive the fundamental parameters. The period evolution of RU Vul is compared to predictions by evolutionary models of the AGB phase. We find that RU Vul is a metal‐poor star with a metallicity [M/H] = –1.59 ± 0.05 and an effective surface temperature of Teff = 3634 ± 20 K. The low metallicity of RU Vul and its kinematics indicate that it is an old, low‐mass member of the thick disc or the halo population. The present day pulsation period determined from our photometry is ∼108 d, the semiamplitude in the V ‐band is 0.39 ± 0.03 mag. The observed period decline is found to be well matched by an evolutionary AGB model with stellar parameters comparable to those of RU Vul. We conclude that the TP hypothesis is in good agreement with the observed period evolution of RU Vul. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
An efficient computational algorithm for the initial value problem associated with the universal Y functions
Authors: Sharaf M. A. , Saad A. S. , Fadak M. A.
Published: March 2016

In the present paper, an efficient iterative method of arbitrary integer order of convergent ≥2 based on the homotopy continuation techniques for the solution of the initial value problem of space dynamics using the universal Y functions is presented. The method is of dynamic nature in the sense that, ongoing from one iterative scheme to the subsequent one, only additional instruction is needed. Most importantly, the method does not need any prior knowledge of the initial guess. This is a property which avoids the critical situations between divergent to very slow convergent solutions that may exist in other numerical methods which depend on initial guesses. A computational package for digital implementation of the method is given, together with numerical applications for elliptic, hyperbolic, and parabolic orbits. The accuracy of the results for all orbits is O(10–16). (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A scale‐down mimic for mapping the process performance of centrifugation, depth and sterile filtration
Authors: Joseph Adrian , Kenty Brian , Mollet Michael , Hwang Kenneth , Rose Steven , Goldrick Stephen , Bender Jean , Farid Suzanne S. , Titchener‐Hooker Nigel
Published: March 2016

In the production of biopharmaceuticals disk‐stack centrifugation is widely used as a harvest step for the removal of cells and cellular debris. Depth filters followed by sterile filters are often then employed to remove residual solids remaining in the centrate. Process development of centrifugation is usually conducted at pilot‐scale so as to mimic the commercial scale equipment but this method requires large quantities of cell culture and significant levels of effort for successful characterization. A scale‐down approach based upon the use of a shear device and a bench‐top centrifuge has been extended in this work towards a preparative methodology that successfully predicts the performance of the continuous centrifuge and polishing filters. The use of this methodology allows the effects of cell culture conditions and large‐scale centrifugal process parameters on subsequent filtration performance to be assessed at an early stage of process development where material availability is limited. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 1934–1941. © 2016 The Authors. Biotechnology and Bioengineering Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genetic variants and expression study of FOXP3 gene in acute coronary syndrome in Iranian patients
Authors: Gholami Milad , Esfandiary Ali , Vatanparast Masoumeh , Mirfakhraie Reza , Hosseini Mir Mohsen , Ghafouri‐Fard Soudeh
Published: March 2016

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is the most serious form of coronary artery disease. Inflammatory processes participate in different stages of this disorder. FOXP3 gene plays an important role for the development and function of regulatory T cells. Consequently, the expression level and polymorphisms of this gene have been studied in many immune related diseases. In the present study, we analysed the expression of FOXP3 as well as the association between two variants in this gene (rs3761548A/C and rs5902434del/ATT) and occurrence of ACS in Iranian patients. FOXP3 expression analysis showed a significant decrease in patients with ACS compared with controls (P = 0.029). In addition, a significant decrease has been detected in female patients compared with normal female subjects (P = 0.020). No significant change has been observed in FOXP3 expression in male patients compared with normal male subjects. In addition, no difference has been detected between ACS and normal subjects in combined genotype frequencies of both polymorphisms and the allele frequencies of rs5902434. However, rs3761548 C allele was more prevalent in controls compared with patients with ACS (P = 0.024). Consequently, our data demonstrated that FOXP3 expression is markedly decreased in female patients with ACS, which highlight the role of immune responses in plaque destabilization in such patients. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Significance Paragraph

Considering the role of immune system in different stages of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), we evaluated the expression of FOXP3 gene as a master regulator of immune response in these patients compared with normal subjects. We detected a significant down‐regulation of this gene in patients with ACS. Such decreased expression was more prominent in female patients, which implies the role of immune responses in plaque destabilization in such patients.
Development of Anionically Decorated Caged Neurotransmitters: In Vitro Comparison of 7‐Nitroindolinyl‐ and 2‐(p‐Phenyl‐o‐nitrophenyl)propyl‐Based Photochemical Probes
Authors: Kantevari Srinivas , Passlick Stefan , Kwon Hyung‐Bae , Richers Matthew T. , Sabatini Bernardo L. , Ellis‐Davies Graham C. R.
Published: March 2016

Neurotransmitter uncaging, especially that of glutamate, has been used to study synaptic function for over 30 years. One limitation of caged glutamate probes is the blockade of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)‐A receptor function. This problem comes to the fore when the probes are applied at the high concentrations required for effective two‐photon photolysis. To mitigate such problems one could improve the photochemical properties of caging chromophores and/or remove receptor blockade. We show that addition of a dicarboxylate unit to the widely used 4‐methoxy‐7‐nitroindolinyl‐Glu (MNI‐Glu) system reduced the off‐target effects by about 50–70 %. When the same strategy was applied to an electron‐rich 2‐(p‐Phenyl‐o‐nitrophenyl)propyl (PNPP) caging group, the pharmacological improvements were not as significant as in the MNI case. Finally, we used very extensive biological testing of the PNPP‐caged Glu (more than 250 uncaging currents at single dendritic spines) to show that nitro‐biphenyl caging chromophores have two‐photon uncaging efficacies similar to that of MNI‐Glu.
An Inventory of Civic Programs and Practices
Authors: Kisker Carrie B.
Published: March 2016

This chapter describes the ways in which civic learning and democratic engagement are incorporated into community colleges’ missions and strategic plans, professional development, curricula, and extracurricular programming.
Love of the World: Civic Skills for Jobs, Work, and Action
Authors: Ronan Bernie
Published: March 2016

This chapter looks at civic learning and democratic engagement from the perspective of political philosophy to suggest the essential cognitive, affective, and political skills needed for careers of fulfilling public work and for civic action.
The Community College's Role in Helping to Make Democracy Work as It Should
Authors: Mathews David
Published: March 2016

This chapter examines how the work of community colleges relates to the democratic work that citizens must do and makes the case for better alignment between the two.
Empowering and Transforming a Community of Learners via a Student‐Centered Approach to Campus Dialogue and Deliberation
Authors: Mair Jennifer
Published: March 2016

This chapter describes Skyline College's student‐centered approach to campus dialogue and deliberation and assesses the transferability of these skills to civic, workplace, and personal settings.
A case of multiple radiation‐induced gliomas 24 years after radiation therapy against pituitary adenoma
Authors: Kato Akihito , Nagashima Goro
Published: March 2016

Key Clinical Message

We treated a case in which multiple astrocytomas of varying grades developed in the irradiation field 24 years after radiation therapy. Differentiation from radiation necrosis based on presurgical diagnostic imaging was difficult; therefore, we feel it is essential to aggressively pursue histological diagnoses to select the optimal treatment method.
Lee Richmond: A Life Designed to Take the Counseling Profession to New Places
Authors: Savickas Suzanne , Lara Tracy
Published: March 2016

The authors demonstrate the practice of composing a life portrait by conducting a Career Construction Interview (CCI; Savickas, ) with Lee Richmond. Counselors conduct a CCI to compose life portraits for clients who are making career transitions. Using client responses to the CCI, counselors compose a biography highlighting themes that show the continuity and coherence in a life story. Clients then use their life portraits to script the next chapter in their careers. The authors chose to interview Dr. Richmond to record her contributions to the discipline of career counseling and highlight her role as a mentor to 3 generations of counselors.
A Mindfulness Experiential Small Group to Help Students Tolerate Ambiguity
Authors: Bohecker Lynn , Vereen Linwood G. , Wells Pamela C. , Wathen Cristen C.
Published: March 2016

This study explored the lived experiences of 20 counselors‐in‐training (CITs) in a mindfulness experiential small group. Using grounded theory, the authors described a 5‐dimensional model for navigating ambiguity. Findings suggest mindfulness training provides CITs self‐reflection skills and a greater ability to manage cognitive complexity.
Coteaching in Counselor Education: Preparing Doctoral Students for Future Teaching
Authors: Baltrinic Eric R. , Jencius Marty , McGlothlin Jason
Published: March 2016

This phenomenological study explored 10 counselor education doctoral students' coteaching experiences with faculty members. Three coteaching structures identified from the data were relational, operational, and developmental. A definition of coteaching supported by the findings is presented. Implications for counselor education programs, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.