bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A eliminação das diferenças entre os sexos: uma leitura psicanalítica
Authors: De Lima Nádia Laguárdia , Dos Santos Adilson Pereira , Rezende Alice Oliveira , Melo Carolina Marra , Cerqueira Fabiana , De Araújo Ronaldo Sales
Published: June 2017

Este artigo apresenta o resultado parcial de uma pesquisa que teve como objetivo pesquisar as noções de feminilidade construídas pelas adolescentes na atualidade. Ele parte da hipótese de que o crescimento de grupos de adolescentes que se nomeiam bissexuais nas redes sociais da internet é resultado da ideologia atual de eliminação das diferenças entre os sexos. Utilizando o referencial teórico da psicanálise, consideramos essa ideologia de igualdade como um efeito do discurso capitalista, que visa escamotear a castração. O declínio das diferenças entre os sexos coloca o adolescente com maiores dificuldades para situar-se como homem ou mulher no campo das identificações. Para além das várias máscaras identificatórias que buscam definir os gêneros sexuais, a psicanálise sustenta a existência de uma diferença irredutível entre os sexos, que aponta para a impossibilidade da relação sexual. 
Formação em Psicologia em universidade federal e suas repercussões na reflexividade ligada a políticas públicas
Authors: Beato Mônica Soares da Fonseca , Ferreira Neto João Leite
Published: June 2017

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar como se trabalha o princípio da reflexividade profissional durante a graduação em psicologia, ao ser posto em interface com temas no campo das políticas públicas. Parte-se da problematização acerca da noção de competência(s) e do correlato debate conceitual sobre formação reflexiva, nas quatro dimensões que o sustentam: epistemológica, ético-política, pedagógica e institucional. São trazidas as conclusões do estudo de caso sobre um curso de universidade federal, conduzido por análise de documentos curriculares e 14 entrevistas com docentes, estudantes e egressos que se tornaram trabalhadores em políticas públicas. O curso ainda se apropria pouco das diretrizes para a graduação e do debate atual sobre formação do psicólogo em face das competências em políticas públicas. O currículo carece de mecanismos para se chegar ao perfil generalista, interdisciplinar e com inserção na rede. Mas observamos muitas condições favoráveis às mudanças. Este estudo descreve também esses movimentos.
Osteocartilaginous choristoma of the tongue
Authors: Câmara Priscilla Rodrigues , Santos Jefferson Ferreira dos , Monteiro Maria Carolina de Lima Jacy , Menezes Rafaela Elvira Rozza de , Gouvêa Adriele Ferreira , Fontes Karla Bianca Fernandes da Costa , Azevedo Rebeca Souza , Tucci Renata
Published: June 2017

The purpose of the present article was to report a clinical case of a 53-year-old male patient with a tongue osteocartilaginous choristoma. Additionally, we made a brief review of the literature to identify all cases reported in English-language literature of oral osteocartilaginous choristoma and, to the best of our knowledge, there are only nine reported cases. Choristoma is a lesion characterized by the development of a histologically normal tissue in an abnormal site. Occurrence of osseous or cartilaginous choristomas in oral soft tissues are rather uncommon. Cases presenting both bone and cartilage simultaneously, named osteocartilaginous choristomas, are even rarer. After the literature search, we also compare the pathogenesis, clinical and histopathological features of our osteocartilaginous choristoma with the literature about osseous or cartilaginous choristomas. The present case report contributes with an additional case of osteocartilaginous choristoma of the tongue, which is suggestive of metaplasia, and it had an unusual histopathological aspect with cartilage structure as principal component.
Barriers to HIV remission research in low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Rossouw Theresa , Tucker Joseph D. , van Zyl Gert U. , Sikwesi Kenly , Godfrey Catherine
Published: June 2017

Introduction: HIV eradication and remission research has largely taken place in high‐income countries. In low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMIC), there may be factors that have a substantial impact on the size of the latent HIV reservoir and the immunological response to infection. If a curative strategy is to be available to all HIV‐infected individuals, these factors must be understood.

Methods: We use a scoping review to examine the literature on biological factors that may have an impact on HIV persistence in LMIC. Three databases were searched without date restrictions.

Results: Uncontrolled viral replication and higher coinfection prevalence may alter the immunological milieu of individuals in LMIC and increase the size of the HIV reservoir. Differences in HIV subtype could also influence the measurement and size of the HIV reservoir. Immune activation may differ due to late presentation to care, presence of chronic infections, increased gut translocation of bacterial products and poor nutrition.

Conclusions: Research on HIV remission is urgently needed in LMIC. Research into chronic immune activation in resource poor environments, the immune response to infection, the mechanisms of HIV persistence and latency in different viral clades and the effect of the microbiological milieu must be performed. Geographic differences, which may be substantial and may delay access to curative strategies, should be identified.
Semidiurnal internal tide incoherence in the equatorial Pacific
Authors: Buijsman Maarten C. , Arbic Brian K. , Richman James G. , Shriver Jay F. , Wallcraft Alan J. , Zamudio Luis
Published: June 2017

The jets in the equatorial Pacific Ocean of a realistically forced global circulation model with a horizontal resolution of
cause a strong loss of phase coherence in semidiurnal internal tides that propagate equatorward from the French Polynesian Islands and Hawaii. This loss of coherence is quantified with a baroclinic energy analysis, in which the semidiurnal‐band terms are separated into coherent, incoherent, and cross terms. For time scales longer than a year, the coherent energy flux approaches zero values at the equator, while the total flux is ∼500 W/m. The time variability of the incoherent energy flux is compared with the internal‐tide travel‐time variability, which is based on along‐beam integrated phase speeds computed with the Taylor‐Goldstein equation. The variability of monthly mean Taylor‐Goldstein phase speeds agrees well with the phase speed variability inferred from steric sea surface height phases extracted with a plane‐wave fit technique. On monthly time scales, the loss of phase coherence in the equatorward beams from the French Polynesian Islands is attributed to the time variability in the vertically sheared background flow associated with the jets and tropical instability waves. On an annual time scale, the effect of stratification variability is of equal or greater importance than the shear variability is to the loss of coherence. In the model simulations, low‐frequency equatorial jets do not noticeably enhance the dissipation of the internal tide, but merely decohere and scatter it.
Importance of ocean mesoscale variability for air‐sea interactions in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Putrasahan D. A. , Kamenkovich I. , Le Hénaff M. , Kirtman B. P.
Published: June 2017

Mesoscale variability of currents in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) can affect oceanic heat advection and air‐sea heat exchanges, which can influence climate extremes over North America. This study is aimed at understanding the influence of the oceanic mesoscale variability on the lower atmosphere and air‐sea heat exchanges. The study contrasts global climate model (GCM) with 0.1° ocean resolution (high resolution; HR) with its low‐resolution counterpart (1° ocean resolution with the same 0.5° atmosphere resolution; LR). The LR simulation is relevant to current generation of GCMs that are still unable to resolve the oceanic mesoscale. Similar to observations, HR exhibits positive correlation between sea surface temperature (SST) and surface turbulent heat flux anomalies, while LR has negative correlation. For HR, we decompose lateral advective heat fluxes in the upper ocean into mean (slowly varying) and mesoscale‐eddy (fast fluctuations) components. We find that the eddy flux divergence/convergence dominates the lateral advection and correlates well with the SST anomalies and air‐sea latent heat exchanges. This result suggests that oceanic mesoscale advection supports warm SST anomalies that in turn feed surface heat flux. We identify anticyclonic warm‐core circulation patterns (associated Loop Current and rings) which have an average diameter of ~350 km. These warm anomalies are sustained by eddy heat flux convergence at submonthly time scales and have an identifiable imprint on surface turbulent heat flux, atmospheric circulation, and convective precipitation in the northwest portion of an averaged anticyclone.
Observational evidence for the vertical redistribution and scavenging of Saharan dust by tropical cyclones
Authors: Sauter Kathryn , L'Ecuyer Tristan S.
Published: June 2017

The influence of the passage of organized tropical convection on the Saharan dust layer is quantified through a novel coupling of aerosol vertical structure from the polar orbiting Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations satellite to high temporal resolution storm tracks from the geostationary Pathfinder Atmospheres Extended cloud product. Three case studies corresponding to tropical storms Debby, Melissa, and Josephine in 2006, 2007, and 2008, respectively, present direct evidence that organized tropical convection consistently redistributes dust vertically in the atmosphere while simultaneously removing a significant fraction via wet scavenging. The evolution of the Saharan dust layer with passage of each storm suggests that convection deposits (1.6% ± 0.7%) of the dust mass in a layer between 8 km and 12 km and reduces downstream dust aerosol optical depths by an average of 80% ± 14% relative to before the storm overpass, far more than could be explained by dry deposition alone.
Evaluation of satellite and reanalysis‐based global net surface energy flux and uncertainty estimates
Authors: Liu Chunlei , Allan Richard P. , Mayer Michael , Hyder Patrick , Loeb Norman G. , Roberts Chris D. , Valdivieso Maria , Edwards John M. , Vidale Pier‐Luigi
Published: June 2017

The net surface energy flux is central to the climate system yet observational limitations lead to substantial uncertainty. A combination of satellite‐derived radiative fluxes at the top of atmosphere adjusted using the latest estimation of the net heat uptake of the Earth system, and the atmospheric energy tendencies and transports from the ERA‐Interim reanalysis are used to estimate surface energy flux globally. To consider snowmelt and improve regional realism, land surface fluxes are adjusted through a simple energy balance approach at each grid point. This energy adjustment is redistributed over the oceans to ensure energy conservation and maintain realistic global ocean heat uptake, using a weighting function to avoid meridional discontinuities. Calculated surface energy fluxes are evaluated through comparison to ocean reanalyses. Derived turbulent energy flux variability is compared with the Objectively Analyzed air‐sea Fluxes (OAFLUX) product, and inferred meridional energy transports in the global ocean and the Atlantic are also evaluated using observations. Uncertainties in surface fluxes are investigated using a variety of approaches including comparison with a range of atmospheric reanalysis products. Decadal changes in the global mean and the interhemispheric energy imbalances are quantified, and present day cross‐equator heat transports are reevaluated at 0.22 ± 0.15 PW (petawatts) southward by the atmosphere and 0.32 ± 0.16 PW northward by the ocean considering the observed ocean heat sinks.
Modeling meander morphodynamics over self‐formed heterogeneous floodplains
Authors: Bogoni Manuel , Putti Mario , Lanzoni Stefano
Published: June 2017

This work addresses the signatures embedded in the planform geometry of meandering rivers consequent to the formation of floodplain heterogeneities as the river bends migrate. Two geomorphic features are specifically considered: scroll bars produced by lateral accretion of point bars at convex banks and oxbow lake fills consequent to neck cutoffs. The sedimentary architecture of these geomorphic units depends on the type and amount of sediment, and controls bank erodibility as the river impinges on them, favoring or contrasting the river migration. The geometry of numerically generated planforms obtained for different scenarios of floodplain heterogeneity is compared to that of natural meandering paths. Half meander metrics and spatial distribution of channel curvatures are used to disclose the complexity embedded in meandering geometry. Fourier Analysis, Principal Component Analysis, Singular Spectrum Analysis and Multivariate Singular Spectrum Analysis are used to emphasize the subtle but crucial differences which may emerge between apparently similar configurations. A closer similarity between observed and simulated planforms is attained when fully coupling flow and sediment dynamics (fully‐coupled models) and when considering self‐formed heterogeneities that are less erodible than the surrounding floodplain.
Feasibility study of ultrasound imaging for stereotactic body radiation therapy with active breathing coordinator in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Su Lin , Iordachita Iulian , Zhang Yin , Lee Junghoon , Ng Sook Kien , Jackson Juan , Hooker Ted , Wong John , Herman Joseph M. , Sen H. Tutkun , Kazanzides Peter , Lediju Bell Muyinatu A. , Yang Chen , Ding Kai
Published: June 2017

Purpose

Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) allows for high radiation doses to be delivered to the pancreatic tumors with limited toxicity. Nevertheless, the respiratory motion of the pancreas introduces major uncertainty during SBRT. Ultrasound imaging is a non‐ionizing, non‐invasive, and real‐time technique for intrafraction monitoring. A configuration is not available to place the ultrasound probe during pancreas SBRT for monitoring.

Methods and Materials

An arm‐bridge system was designed and built. A CT scan of the bridge‐held ultrasound probe was acquired and fused to ten previously treated pancreatic SBRT patient CTs as virtual simulation CTs. Both step‐and‐shoot intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and volumetric‐modulated arc therapy (VMAT) planning were performed on virtual simulation CT. The accuracy of our tracking algorithm was evaluated by programmed motion phantom with simulated breath‐hold 3D movement. An IRB‐approved volunteer study was also performed to evaluate feasibility of system setup. Three healthy subjects underwent the same patient setup required for pancreas SBRT with active breath control (ABC). 4D ultrasound images were acquired for monitoring. Ten breath‐hold cycles were monitored for both phantom and volunteers. For the phantom study, the target motion tracked by ultrasound was compared with motion tracked by the infrared camera. For the volunteer study, the reproducibility of ABC breath‐hold was assessed.

Results

The volunteer study results showed that the arm‐bridge system allows placement of an ultrasound probe. The ultrasound monitoring showed less than 2 mm reproducibility of ABC breath‐hold in healthy volunteers. The phantom monitoring accuracy is 0.14 ± 0.08 mm, 0.04 ± 0.1 mm, and 0.25 ± 0.09 mm in three directions. On dosimetry part, 100% of virtual simulation plans passed protocol criteria.

Conclusions

Our ultrasound system can be potentially used for real‐time monitoring during pancreas SBRT without compromising planning quality. The phantom study showed high monitoring accuracy of the system, and the volunteer study showed feasibility of the clinical workflow.
Can Patient Navigators Improve Adherence to Disease‐Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs? Quantitative Findings From a Six‐Month Single‐Arm Pilot Intervention
Authors: Feldman Candace H. , Wohlfahrt Alyssa , Campos Anarosa , Gagne Joshua J. , Iversen Maura D. , Massarotti Elena , Solomon Daniel H. , Kawachi Ichiro
Published: June 2017

Objective

Nonadherence to disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) is common, worsens during the treatment course, and results in adverse outcomes. We studied whether patient navigators (laypersons trained in care coordination, motivational interviewing, basic pharmacology, and disease management) improved oral DMARD adherence.

Methods

We enrolled 107 patients ages ≥18 years with systemic rheumatic diseases who initiated an oral DMARD within 6 months. Navigators interacted with patients up to 2–4 times per week for 6 months. Patients completed validated surveys (Morisky Medication Adherence Scale [MMAS‐8], Mental Health Inventory [MHI‐5], Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire, and Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire) at baseline and at 6 months. We used paired t‐tests to compare baseline and 6‐month outcomes. We examined the association of age, race/ethnicity, insurance, and MHI‐5 with change in MMAS‐8 score using multivariable linear regression.

Results

Among 107 patients enrolled, 69 (64%) completed baseline and 6‐month MMAS‐8 surveys. Mean ± SD age was 55 ± 16 years and 93% were female. The mean ± SD baseline MMAS‐8 score was 6.7 ± 1.3 (indicating borderline adherence), and the mean ± SD MHI‐5 score was 60.8 ± 9.1 (<68 suggests any depressive symptoms). After 6 months, there were no significant changes in MMAS‐8 (P = 0.09) or MHI‐5 (P = 0.83). Patients described fewer medication concerns (P = 0.03), but a more threatening perception of illness (P = 0.01). Our multivariable model demonstrated a small change in MMAS‐8 for each 5‐year increase in age (β = 0.14, P = 0.02).

Conclusion

Our intervention resulted in no significant change in adherence from baseline. A multicenter, randomized controlled trial is needed to determine whether patient navigators are effective in maintaining adherence to DMARDs over time.
Transitional flow in a Rushton turbine stirred tank
Authors: Zhang Yulong , Gao Zhengming , Li Zhipeng , Derksen J. J.
Published: June 2017

The way in which the single phase flow of Newtonian liquids in the vicinity of the impeller in a Rushton turbine stirred tank goes through a laminar‐turbulent transition has been studied in detail experimentally (with Particle Image Velocimetry) as well as computationally. For Reynolds numbers equal to or higher than 6000, the average velocities and velocity fluctuation levels scale well with the impeller tip speed, that is, show Reynolds independent behavior. Surprising flow structures were measured—and confirmed through independent experimental repetitions—at Reynolds numbers around 1300. Upon reducing the Reynolds number from values in the fully turbulent regime, the trailing vortex system behind the impeller blades weakens with the upper vortex weakening much stronger than the lower vortex. Simulations with a variety of methods (direct numerical simulations, transitional turbulence modeling) and software implementations (ANSYS‐Fluent commercial software, lattice‐Boltzmann in‐house software) have only partial success in representing the experimentally observed laminar‐turbulent transition. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 3610–3623, 2017
Sonochemical effect induced by hydrodynamic cavitation: Comparison of venturi/orifice flow geometries
Authors: Pawar Sandip K. , Mahulkar Amit V. , Pandit Aniruddha B. , Roy Kuldeep , Moholkar Vijayanand S.
Published: June 2017

This study presents comparative assessment of four cavitation devices (three venturis and an orifice) in terms of cavitational yield. A fourfold approach was adopted for assessment, viz. CFD simulations of cavitating flow, simulations of individual cavitation bubble dynamics, high speed photographs of cavitating flow and model reaction of potassium iodide oxidation. Influence of design parameters of cavitation devices on nature of cavitation produced in the flow was studied. Number density of cavitation bubbles in the flow and interactions among bubbles had critical influence on cavitation yield. Orifice gave the highest cavitational yield per unit energy dissipation in flow (despite lower working inlet pressure) due to low density of cavitation bubbles in flow. On contrary, occurrence of large cavitation bubble clouds in venturi flow had adverse effect on cavitational yield due to high interactions among cavitation bubbles resulting in interbubble coalescence and recombination of oxidizing radicals generated from cavitation bubbles. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 4705–4716, 2017
How graphical analysis helps interpreting optimal experimental designs for nonlinear enzyme kinetic models
Authors: Ohs Rüdiger , Wendlandt Jan , Spiess Antje C.
Published: June 2017

Progress curve experiments combined with optimal experimental design (OED) are an efficient approach to determine enzyme kinetics. However, it is hardly possible to verify why specific experiments are suggested for nonlinear enzyme kinetic model identification. Therefore, we systematically investigated the surface and contour plots of the sensitivities and of the OED criteria which are based on sensitivities. The model reaction was an enzyme catalyzed self‐ligation of aldehydes to chiral 2‐hydroxyketones. The visualization improved the understanding of OED and allowed for deducing and confirming five suggestions for kinetic identification: (1) Avoid experiments vicinal to the reaction equilibrium, (2) Choose the design space as large as possible, (3) Prefer D(eterminant)‐ and E(igenvalue)‐criteria over the A(verage)‐criterion, (4) Apply enzyme concentrations such that the reaction does not complete too fast, and (5) Few optimal experiments result in significantly improved parameter estimations. The graphical analysis also provides information about selecting appropriate optimization algorithms. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2017
Applying a Social Justice Lens to Youth Mentoring: A Review of the Literature and Recommendations for Practice
Authors: Albright Jamie N. , Hurd Noelle M. , Hussain Saida B.
Published: June 2017

Youth mentoring interventions are often designed with the intention of promoting improved outcomes among marginalized youth. Despite their promise to reduce inequality through the provision of novel opportunities and increased social capital to marginalized youth, youth mentoring interventions hold the potential to reproduce rather than reduce inequality. In the current review, we explore literature on youth mentoring that has incorporated a social justice lens. We conclude that there is a need for greater attention to principles of social justice in the design, implementation, and evaluation of youth mentoring interventions. After reviewing the literature, we make recommendations for research and practice based on a social justice perspective and explore alternatives to traditional youth mentoring that may allow for better alignment with social justice principles.
A new diagnosis of Williams–Beuren syndrome in a 49‐year‐old man with severe bullous emphysema
Authors: Wojcik Monica H. , Carmichael Nikkola , Bieber Frederick R. , Wiener Daniel C. , Madan Rachna , Pober Barbara R. , Raby Benjamin A.
Published: June 2017

Williams–Beuren syndrome (WBS) is a chromosomal microdeletion syndrome typically presenting with intellectual disability, a unique personality, a characteristic facial appearance, and cardiovascular disease. Several clinical features of WBS are thought to be due to haploinsufficiency of elastin (ELN), as the ELN locus is included within the WBS critical region at 7q11.23. Emphysema, a disease attributed to destruction of pulmonary elastic fibers, has been reported in patients without WBS who have pathogenic variants in ELN but only once (in one patient) in WBS. Here we report a second adult WBS patient with emphysema where the diagnosis of WBS was established subsequent to the discovery of severe bullous emphysema. Haploinsufficiency of ELN likely contributed to this pulmonary manifestation of WBS. This case emphasizes the contribution of rare genetic variation in cases of severe emphysema and provides further evidence that emphysema should be considered in patients with WBS who have respiratory symptoms, as it may be under‐recognized in this patient population.
Molecular and clinical delineation of 2p15p16.1 microdeletion syndrome
Authors: Lévy Jonathan , Coussement Aurélie , Dupont Céline , Guimiot Fabien , Baumann Clarisse , Viot Géraldine , Passemard Sandrine , Capri Yline , Drunat Séverine , Verloes Alain , Pipiras Eva , Benzacken Brigitte , Dupont Jean‐Michel , Tabet Anne‐Claude
Published: June 2017

Interstitial 2p15p16.1 microdeletion is a rare chromosomal syndrome previously reported in 33 patients. It is characterized by intellectual disability, developmental delay, autism spectrum disorders, microcephaly, short stature, dysmorphic features, and multiple congenital organ defects. It is defined as a contiguous gene syndrome and two critical regions have been proposed at 2p15 and 2p16.1 loci. Nevertheless, patients with deletion of both critical regions shared similar features of the phenotype and the correlation genotype–phenotype is still unclear. We review all published cases and describe three additional patients, to define the phenotype–genotype correlation more precisely. We reported on two patients including the first prenatal case described so far, carrying a 2p15 deletion affecting two genes: XPO1 and part of USP34. Both patients shared similar features including facial dysmorphism and cerebral abnormalities. We considered the genes involved in the deleted segment to further understand the abnormal phenotype. The third case we described here was a 4‐year‐old boy with a heterozygous de novo 427 kb deletion encompassing BCL11A and PAPOLG at 2p16.1. He displayed speech delay, autistic traits, and motor stereotypies associated with brain structure abnormalities. We discuss the contribution of the genes included in the deletion to the abnormal phenotype. Our three new patients compared to previous cases, highlighted that despite two critical regions, both distal deletion at 2p16.1 and proximal deletion at 2p15 are associated with phenotypes that are very close to each other. Finally, we also discuss the genetic counseling of this microdeletion syndrome particularly in the course of prenatal diagnosis.
Regioselective C3 Functionalizations of 9H‐Carbazoles via C(sp2)−H Insertions of RhII Carbenoids
Authors: Samala Srinivas , Shin Jinhwan , Shim Jae Yul , Yoo Eun Jeong
Published: June 2017

A series of 9H‐carbazoles were synthesized via a direct regioselective C3 functionalization through C(sp2)−H insertion of α‐imino rhodium(II) carbenoids generated in situ from 1‐sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles. A variety of 1‐sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles underwent this reaction in the presence of a rhodium(II) catalyst, and a mechanism was proposed. Further regioselective C−H amination of the obtained 3‐enamido carbazoles to synthesize (indol‐3‐yl)‐9H‐carbazoles, biologically valuable motifs, supported the utility of this method.
Serum insulin‐like growth factor‐I levels are associated with improved white matter recovery after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Feeney Claire , Sharp David J. , Hellyer Peter J. , Jolly Amy E. , Cole James H. , Scott Gregory , Baxter David , Jilka Sagar , Ross Ewan , Ham Timothy E. , Jenkins Peter O. , Li Lucia M. , Gorgoraptis Nikos , Midwinter Mark , Goldstone Anthony P.
Published: June 2017

Objective

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common disabling condition with limited treatment options. Diffusion tensor imaging measures recovery of axonal injury in white matter (WM) tracts after TBI. Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) after TBI may impair axonal and neuropsychological recovery, and serum insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) may mediate this effect. We conducted a longitudinal study to determine the effects of baseline serum IGF‐I concentrations on WM tract and neuropsychological recovery after TBI.

Methods

Thirty‐nine adults after TBI (84.6% male, median age = 30.5 years, 87.2% moderate–severe, median time since TBI = 16.3 months, n = 4 with GHD) were scanned twice, 13.3 months (range = 12.1–14.9) apart, and 35 healthy controls were scanned once. Symptom and quality of life questionnaires and cognitive assessments were completed at both visits (n = 33). Our main outcome measure was fractional anisotropy (FA), a measure of WM tract integrity, in a priori regions of interest: splenium of corpus callosum (SPCC) and posterior limb of internal capsule (PLIC).

Results

At baseline, FA was reduced in many WM tracts including SPCC and PLIC following TBI compared to controls, indicating axonal injury, with longitudinal increases indicating axonal recovery. There was a significantly greater increase in SPCC FA over time in patients with serum IGF‐I above versus below the median for age. Only the higher IGF‐I group had significant improvements in immediate verbal memory recall over time.

Interpretation

WM recovery and memory improvements after TBI were greater in patients with higher serum IGF‐I at baseline. These findings suggest that the growth hormone/IGF‐I system may be a potential therapeutic target following TBI. Ann Neurol 2017;82:30–43
Rheological behavior of polyacrylamide solution in the presence of cationic Gemini surfactants/conventional surfactants
Authors: Khan Mohd Bilal
Published: June 2017

In this study, the rheological behavior of polyacrylamide solutions in the absence and presence of cationic Gemini surfactants (16‐s‐16, s = 5, 6) and their monomeric counterpart, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, at different temperatures has been studied in the light of its application field by rheometry. The polyacrylamide solution shows the shear thinning behavior at a very low shear rate in the absence and presence of surfactants, and the Ostwald de model was used to describe the pseudoplastic behavior of polyacrylamide solution. The viscosity of polyacrylamide solution increases with the addition of surfactants, and the increase in viscosity is quite significant with Gemini surfactant as compared with their monomeric counterpart cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, indicating stronger interaction of polyacrylamide with Geminis. Further, transmission electron microscope results support the viscosity data. The results obtained are quite interesting and could be of prolific use for selection of polymer–surfactant mixtures and surfactants for use in enhance oil recovery. © 2017 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Block Copolymer‐Templated Approach to Nanopatterned Metal–Organic Framework Films
Authors: Zhou Meimei , Wu Yi‐nan , Wu Baozhen , Yin Xianpeng , Gao Ning , Li Fengting , Li Guangtao
Published: June 2017

The fabrication of patterned metal–organic framework (MOF) films with precisely controlled nanoscale resolution has been a fundamental challenge in nanoscience and nanotechnology. In this study, nanopatterned MOF films were fabricated using a layer‐by‐layer (LBL) growth method on functional templates (such as a bicontinuous nanoporous membrane or a structure with highly long‐range‐ordered nanoscopic channels parallel to the underlying substrate) generated by the microphase separation of polystyrene‐b‐poly(2‐vinylpyridine) (PS‐b‐P2VP) block copolymers. HKUST‐1 can be directly deposited on the templates without any chemical modification because the pyridine groups in P2VP interact with metal ions via metal‐BCP complexes. As a result, nanopatterned HKUST‐1 films with feature sizes below 50 nm and controllable thicknesses can be fabricated by controlling the number of LBL growth cycles. The proposed fabrication method further extends the applications of MOFs in various fields.
[n]Cyclo‐3,6‐phenanthrenylenes: Synthesis, Structure, and Fluorescence
Authors: Tian Yi , Ikemoto Koki , Sato Sota , Isobe Hiroyuki
Published: June 2017

Five congeners of [n]cyclo‐3,6‐phenanthrenylene with 3, 4, 5, 7, and 8 panels were obtained from one‐pot macrocyclization of dibromophenanthrene, and their crystal structures with diverse molecular shapes were revealed by X‐ray crystallography. The compounds, except the four‐panel congener, were highly fluorescent in solution, with quantum yields up to 85 %. The least fluorescent four‐panel congener showed the smallest change in its absorption spectrum from that of monomeric phenanthrene, which provided an interesting structure–activity relationship for fluorescent macrocycles to guide future studies.
Propofol‐induced downregulation of NR2B membrane translocation in hippocampus and spatial memory deficits of neonatal mice
Authors: Wang Yuzhu , Han Song , Han Ruquan , Su Yue , Li Junfa
Published: June 2017

Background

Thousands of infants and children are undergoing anesthesia around the world every day. But impacts of anesthetics on the developing neural system remain unclear yet. Previous evidence showed that anesthesia might affect the developing neural system. Thus, early‐life anesthesia becomes a critical issue in clinical pediatric practice. Hence, propofol, a short‐acting and widely applied intravenous anesthetic, has been gaining focus upon neonatal anesthesia.

Methods

Fifty‐four male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into following three groups: group D6 intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected propofol (100 mg/kg body weight) once a day from postnatal day 6 (P6) to P11, group D1 administrated propofol (100 mg/kg, i.p.) at P6 solely and administrated normal saline (10 ml/kg, i.p.) from P7 to P11, and group N treated with normal saline (10 ml/kg, i.p.) from P6 to P11 as the control (n = 18 per group). Then, at P28, nine mice were collected randomly from each group for NR2B membrane translocation and phosphorylation analysis, and the rest half in each group were assigned to perform Morris water maze tests from P28 to P35.

Results

Results showed that total protein expression levels of NR2B increased (p < .001) while its membrane translocation decreased (p < .001, n = 9 per group) in the hippocampus but not in the prefrontal cortex of neonatal mice after repeated propofol administration. Phosphorylation levels of NR2B at serine 1303 (D1: p < .05; D6: p < .001, n = 9 per group) and serine 1480 (D1: p < .01, D6: p < .001, n = 9 per group) increased significantly as well in the hippocampus compared with group N. In addition, memory deficits (p < .05, n = 9 per group) were observed in Morris water maze tests of group D6 mice.

Conclusions

These results suggested that propofol exposure downregulates NR2B membrane translocation and causes spatial memory deficits, with a mediated increased NR2B protein expression and phosphorylation at Ser1303/1480 residues in the hippocampus of neonatal mice.
A case of penta X syndrome caused by nondisjunction in maternal meiosis 1 and 2
Authors: Markholt Sara , Graakjaer Jesper , Thim Signe Bødker , Høst Bente , Skytte Anne‐Bine
Published: June 2017

Key Clinical Message

The prenatal abnormalities in patients with penta X syndrome appear late in pregnancy and are nonspecific. In contrast, the postnatal phenotype is well described although new findings are still revealed. Penta X syndrome is a result of successive nondisjunctions of the X chromosomes in both maternal meiotic divisions.
Barber‐say syndrome: a confirmed case of TWIST2 gene mutation
Authors: Yohannan Mulakkan David , Hilgeman Jennifer , Allsbrook Katlin
Published: June 2017

Key Clinical Message

Barber‐Say syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by hypertrichosis, redundant skin, and facial dysmorphism. TWIST2 gene mutation previously described in this syndrome was identified in our patient. Genetic testing is recommended in patients presenting with these phenotypic abnormalities, along with their parents, to establish de novo or inherited mutations.
A case of reversible drug‐induced liver failure
Authors: Ansari Mohammad , Arshed Sabrina , Islam Mohammed , Sen Shuvendu , Yousif Abdalla
Published: June 2017

Key Clinical Message

Acute fulminant liver failure and acute renal failure are devastating complications caused by many drugs. The use of N‐acetylcysteine has been well established in acetaminophen toxicity, but it remains controversial in other cases. Dialysis is a very effective method of removing certain drugs from the system. With the invention of new street drugs such as “synthetic marijuana,” it may be beneficial in patients whom the substances ingested are unknown. We report a case of a 42‐year‐old male who developed acute fulminant hepatic failure and acute renal failure, who was cured with dialysis, N‐acetylcysteine, and other supportive measures.
Hydrogen Production from Bioethanol: Behavior of a Carbon Oxide Preferential Oxidation Catalyst
Authors: Aliaga Florencia , Iglesias Ignacio , Tejeda Roberto , Laborde Miguel
Published: June 2017

Hydrogen is recognized as a promising green energy source, particularly when used to feed a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Here, hydrogen was obtained by bioethanol steam reforming with CO and CO2 as primary sub products. Since the cell anode is extremely sensitive to poisoning with CO, water‐gas shift (WGS) and carbon oxide preferential oxidation (COPROX) reactors were employed for hydrogen purification. Catalysts prepared by our lab were tested at pilot plant scale in both the reformer and COPROX unit, where different active phase distributions, stoichiometric excess of air, and reaction temperatures were tested. The use of two different COPROX units with intermediate air injection was also considered. The as‐prepared catalysts showed good stability and performance.
Is it safe to bring myself to work? Understanding LGBTQ experiences of workplace dignity
Authors: Baker Sara J. , Lucas Kristen
Published: June 2017

Despite increased efforts by more organizations to be seen as “gay‐friendly,” workplaces remain challenging sites for LGBTQ employees to navigate. We examine the ways in which LGBTQ employees experience dignity threats in the workplace and the protection strategies they use to deflect those threats. Interviews with 36 LGBTQ working adults revealed that their dignity is threatened by a range of identity‐sensitive inequalities that undermine their safety and security when they claim authentic gendered/sexual identities. Specific safety and security threats to dignity include social harm, autonomy violations, career harm, and physical harm. To (re)claim their dignity, they engage in four primary dignity protection strategies: avoiding harm by seeking safe spaces, deflecting harm with sexual identity management, offsetting identity devaluations by emphasizing instrumental value, and creating safe spaces for authenticity and dignity. Copyright © 2017 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study of Karstedt's Catalyst for Hydrosilylation of a Wide Variety of Functionalized Alkenes with Triethoxysilane and Trimethoxysilane
Authors: Pan Zhenhuan , Liu Minglun , Zheng Chaoyue , Gao Deqing , Huang Wei
Published: June 2017

The hydrosilylation is one of the most important methods for the synthesis of organosilicon compounds. Karstedt's catalyst [Ptn(H2C=CHSiMe2OSiMe2CH=CH2)m] is a kind of platinum catalyst which is widely used in the hydrosilylation. In this paper, we studied the catalytic activity of Karstedt's catalyst for the hydrogenation of olefins and especially aminated alkenes with trimethoxysilane and triethoxysilane, and demonstrated the excellent performance in terms of the yield and selectivity.
Flow‐aligned, single‐shot fiber diffraction using a femtosecond X‐ray free‐electron laser
Authors: Popp David , Loh N. Duane , Zorgati Habiba , Ghoshdastider Umesh , Liow Lu Ting , Ivanova Magdalena I. , Larsson Mårten , DePonte Daniel P. , Bean Richard , Beyerlein Kenneth R. , Gati Cornelius , Oberthuer Dominik , Arnlund David , Brändén Gisela , Berntsen Peter , Cascio Duilio , Chavas Leonard M. G. , Chen Joe P. J. , Ding Ke , Fleckenstein Holger , Gumprecht Lars , Harimoorthy Rajiv , Mossou Estelle , Sawaya Michael R. , Brewster Aaron S. , Hattne Johan , Sauter Nicholas K. , Seibert Marvin , Seuring Carolin , Stellato Francesco , Tilp Thomas , Eisenberg David S. , Messerschmidt Marc , Williams Garth J. , Koglin Jason E. , Makowski Lee , Millane Rick P. , Forsyth Trevor , Boutet Sébastien , White Thomas A. , Barty Anton , Chapman Henry , Chen Swaine L. , Liang Mengning , Neutze Richard , Robinson Robert C.
Published: June 2017

A major goal for X‐ray free‐electron laser (XFEL) based science is to elucidate structures of biological molecules without the need for crystals. Filament systems may provide some of the first single macromolecular structures elucidated by XFEL radiation, since they contain one‐dimensional translational symmetry and thereby occupy the diffraction intensity region between the extremes of crystals and single molecules. Here, we demonstrate flow alignment of as few as 100 filaments (Escherichia coli pili, F‐actin, and amyloid fibrils), which when intersected by femtosecond X‐ray pulses result in diffraction patterns similar to those obtained from classical fiber diffraction studies. We also determine that F‐actin can be flow‐aligned to a disorientation of approximately 5 degrees. Using this XFEL‐based technique, we determine that gelsolin amyloids are comprised of stacked β‐strands running perpendicular to the filament axis, and that a range of order from fibrillar to crystalline is discernable for individual α‐synuclein amyloids.
Robust nondimensional estimators to assess the nasal airflow in health and disease
Authors: Sanmiguel‐Rojas E. , Burgos M. A. , del Pino C. , Sevilla‐García M. A. , Esteban‐Ortega F.
Published: June 2017

There are significant variations of both human nose shapes and airflow patterns inside nasal cavities, so it is difficult to provide a comprehensive medical identification using a universal template for what otolaryngologists consider normal breathing at rest. In addition, airflow patterns present even more random characteristics in diseased nasal cavities. To give a medical assessment to differentiate the nasal cavities in health and disease, we propose 2 nondimensional estimators obtained from both medical images and computational fluid dynamics. The first mathematical estimator ϕ is a function of geometric features and potential asymmetries between nasal passages, while the second estimator R represents in fluid mechanics terms the total nasal resistance that corresponds to the atmosphere‐choana pressure drop. These estimators only require global information such as nasal geometry and magnitudes of flow determined by simulations under laminar conditions. We find that these estimators take low and high values for healthy and diseased nasal cavities, respectively. Our study, based on 24 healthy and 25 diseased Caucasian subjects, reveals that there is an interval of values associated with healthy cavities that clusters in a small region of the plane ϕ−R. Therefore, these estimators can be seen as a first approximation to provide nasal airflow data to the clinician in a noninvasive method, as the computed tomography scan that provides the required images is routinely obtained as a result of the preexisting naso‐sinusal condition.
Painful decisions: How classifying sensations can change the experience of pain
Authors: van der Meulen M.A. , Anton F. , Petersen S.
Published: June 2017

Background

Categorizing perceptual stimuli is a mechanism for facilitating the processing of sensory input from our environment. This facilitation of perception is achieved through generalization (assimilation) of stimulus characteristics within categories and accentuation between categories. These categorization processes have been demonstrated in visual, auditory, tactile and social perception, but never in pain perception.

Method

We presented participants with six thermal noxious stimuli, increasing in steps of 0.5 °C. In an experimental group, stimuli were assigned to two categories labelled A and B containing the three lower (A1, A2, A3) and three higher (B1, B2, B3) stimuli. A control group did not receive such category information (stimuli were labelled S1–S6). In a first part of the experiment, participants simply rated pain intensity and unpleasantness for all stimuli. In a second part, we presented stimuli without labels and participants had to identify the label of each stimulus.

Results

We found evidence for categorization effects in both pain ratings and stimulus identification data. In particular, unpleasantness ratings within categories were more similar to each other, and ratings between categories less similar, in the experimental compared to control group. Participants in the experimental group also confused stimuli more often within than between categories, and were more confident about category membership of stimuli at the category border, compared to participants in the control group.

Conclusions

Mere category information, using abstract category labels, significantly changes pain perception. Implications for our understanding of cognitive pain modulation mechanisms, as well as clinical implications of categorization effects are discussed.

Significance

Categorization effects in pain perception are demonstrated. Classifying and labelling painful events can modulate early perceptual processes, lead to under‐ or overestimation of pain symptoms and affect decision‐making behaviour related to pain.
Towards a science and practice of resilience in the face of pain
Authors: Goubert L. , Trompetter H.
Published: June 2017

The primary objective of this paper is to discuss how a resilience approach to (chronic) pain may advance our current understanding of (mal)adaptation to pain. Different resilience perspectives are described, and future challenges for research, prevention and treatment of (chronic) pain are discussed. Literature searches were performed in Web of Science and PubMed to identify relevant literature on risk and resilience in the context of pain. Resilience can be best defined as the ability to restore and sustain living a fulfilling life in the presence of pain. The Psychological Flexibility Model, the Broaden‐and‐Build Theory, and Self‐Determination Theory are described as theories that may provide insight into resilience within the context of (chronic) pain. We describe how a resilience paradigm shifts the outcomes to pursue in pain research and intervention and argue the need for including positive outcomes in addition to negative outcomes. Psychological flexibility, positive affect and basic psychological needs satisfaction are described as potentially important resilience mechanisms with the potential to target both sustainability and recovery from pain. A resilience approach to chronic pain may have important implications for the prevention and treatment of chronic pain problems, as it may give specific indications on how to empower patients to continue living a fulfilling life (in the presence of pain).

Significance

The resilience approach put forward in this review spotlights sustainability of positive outcomes (e.g. engagement in meaningful activities) in the presence of pain as an outcome to pursue beyond recovery of negative outcomes. We illuminate the evidence‐base and practical application of promising resilience mechanisms (positive emotions, psychological flexibility, needs satisfaction).

For this article, a commentary is available at the Wiley Online Library