bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Infant Affect Regulation with Mothers and Fathers: The Roles of Parent Mental Health and Marital Satisfaction
Authors: Quigley Ashley N. , Lickenbrock Diane M. , Bailes Lauren G.
Published: January 2025

Parenting is a product of complex, interactive, and interwoven factors, which are affected by a variety of characteristics, including parent characteristics and the family environment. Such characteristics, including marital dissatisfaction and poor mental health, could place infants at an increased risk for affect regulation difficulties. The current longitudinal study extended previous research by examining how multiple factors of the parenting environment are associated with infant affect regulation with mothers and fathers. Families (n = 89, primarily White) from the Southeastern United States were assessed at 4 and 8 months of age. Parent mental health (anxiety and depression symptoms, well-being) and marital satisfaction were measured by questionnaires when infants were 4 months old. Infant affect regulation was measured via infant affect observational ratings during a face-to-face play task at 4 and 8 months of age. Mothers, who were higher in well-being, had infants lower in negative affect. Infants, whose fathers were low in social anxiety and had higher marital satisfaction, had decreased levels of negative affect. Findings provide target areas for promoting infant affect regulation, such as parent marital satisfaction and parent mental health.
Rhythm Perception in Speakers of Arabic, German and Hebrew
Authors: Segal Osnat , Fritzsche Tom , Bhatara Anjali , Höhle Barbara
Published: January 2025

Rhythm perception in speech and non-speech acoustic stimuli has been shown to be affected by general acoustic biases as well as by phonological properties of the native language of the listener. The present paper extends the cross-linguistic approach in this field by testing the application of the iambic-trochaic law as an assumed general acoustic bias on rhythmic grouping of non-speech stimuli by speakers of three languages: Arabic, Hebrew and German. These languages were chosen due to relevant differences in their phonological properties on the lexical level alongside similarities on the phrasal level. The results show Iambic-Trochaic-Law (ITL) conforming weak–strong grouping for duration-cued acoustic salience. However, only German participants judged intensity-varying sequences as strong–weak; no grouping preferences were found for speakers of Arabic and Hebrew. Overall these results suggest that prosodic properties of the phonological phrase and of the lexical level of the native language show differing effects on rhythmical grouping.
Optimizing urban blue-green space in climate adaptive planning: a systematic review of threshold value of efficiency thresholds
Authors: Han Mingxiao , Zhang Tingting , Si Zhen
Published: January 2025

Context

Although various methods exist to mitigate the urban heat island (UHI) effect, urban blue-green spaces (UBGS) are considered particularly effective. Understanding the threshold value of efficiency (TVoE) for UBGS can optimize urban land use and spatial planning.

Objectives

This study systematically reviews the TVoE of UBGS to provide urban managers and landscape designers with comprehensive insights for climate-adaptive planning. We aim to summarize the distribution patterns and influencing factors of the TVoE, identify current research limitations and future directions and offer planning and research recommendations.

Methods

We conducted a systematic literature review (SLR) following the PRISMA guidelines, analyzing publications on the TVoE of UBGS from the Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus databases.

Results

The distribution patterns of the TVoE of UBGS are influenced by spatial types, latitude, and climate. Generally, the TVoE of urban green spaces (UGS) increases with decreasing latitude and increasing humidity, whereas the TVoE of parks and urban blue spaces (UBS) decreases with decreasing latitude and increasing humidity. The studies reviewed focus on the impact of landscape features of UBGS on cooling effects, while patch surrounding environmental and meteorological factors are less frequently mentioned. Cost-effective urban planning should prioritize UBS with complex shapes in low-latitude, humid regions, while in high-latitude, arid areas focusing on UGS with regular shapes. Future research should explore vertical structures within UBGS, surrounding environmental factors, and Local Climate Zones (LCZ) to enhance understanding of climate-adaptive planning.
Relation-Guided Versatile Regularization for Federated Semi-Supervised Learning
Authors: Yang Qiushi , Chen Zhen , Peng Zhe , Yuan Yixuan
Published: January 2025

Federated semi-supervised learning (FSSL) target to address the increasing privacy concerns for the practical scenarios, where data holders are limited in labeling capability. Latest FSSL approaches leverage the prediction consistency between the local model and global model to exploit knowledge from partially labeled or completely unlabeled clients. However, they merely utilize data-level augmentation for prediction consistency and simply aggregate model parameters through the weighted average at the server, which leads to biased classifiers and suffers from skewed unlabeled clients. To remedy these issues, we present a novel FSSL framework, Relation-guided Versatile Regularization (FedRVR), consisting of versatile regularization at clients and relation-guided directional aggregation strategy at the server. In versatile regularization, we propose the model-guided regularization together with the data-guided one, and encourage the prediction of the local model invariant to two extreme global models with different abilities, which provides richer consistency supervision for local training. Moreover, we devise a relation-guided directional aggregation at the server, in which a parametric relation predictor is introduced to yield pairwise model relation and obtain a model ranking. In this manner, the server can provide a superior global model by aggregating relative dependable client models, and further produce an inferior global model via reverse aggregation to promote the versatile regularization at clients. Extensive experiments on three FSSL benchmarks verify the superiority of FedRVR over state-of-the-art counterparts across various federated learning settings.
Imagine, Discover, Inspire: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference of the Trisomy 21 Research Society
Authors: Flores-Aguilar Lisi , Hamlett Eric D. , Araya Paula , Barone Eugenio , Bhattacharyya Anita , Carmona-Iragui Maria , Chan Li , Christian Brad , Costa Alberto C. S. , Costanzo Floriana , Del Hoyo Soriano Laura , Dierssen Mara , Eichler Evan E. , Fisher Elizabeth , Galbraith Matthew , Ghosh Sujay , Gimenez Sandra , Guedj Faycal , Guidi Sandra , Iulita Maria Florencia , Mobley William , Pelleri Maria Chiara , Potier Marie-Claude , Rabin Karen R. , Rachubinski Angela , Rebillat Anne-Sophie , Rubenstein Eric , Saternos Hannah , Sordo Lorena , Strydom Andre , Valle-Tamayo Natalia , Waugh Katherine A. , Yu Eugene , Zeldich Ella , Busciglio Jorge , Head Elizabeth
Published: January 2025

Down syndrome (DS) or trisomy 21 (T21) is present in a significant number of children and adults around the world and is associated with cognitive and medical challenges. Through research, the T21 Research Society (T21RS), established in 2014, unites a worldwide community dedicated to understanding the impact of T21 on biological systems and improving the quality of life of people with DS across the lifespan. T21RS hosts an international conference every two years to support collaboration, dissemination, and information sharing for this goal. In 2022, T21RS hosted an international conference in Long Beach, California, from June 9 to 12. The conference, attended by 483 people including scientists, families, self-advocates, and industry representatives from 17 countries, was a dynamic and interactive meeting that shared discoveries from international research teams. This summary highlights the scientific discoveries shared at the 4th T21RS meeting with the Imagine, Discover, Inspire theme.
Time-resolved optical fiber measurements: a review of scintillator materials and applications
Authors: Moradi Farhad , Bradley David Andrew , Tarif Zubair Hassan , Khodaei Amin , Basaif Azmi , Ibrahim Siti Azlida , Abdul-Rashid Hairul Azhar
Published: January 2025

Background

Optical fiber radioluminescence measurement (OFRLM) is a cutting-edge technique poised to play a major role in radiation detection and dosimetry. Time-resolved measurement involves capturing the temporal dynamics of light emission from scintillators, providing detailed information about radiation pulses.

Objective

This review aims to evaluate various scintillator materials used in time-resolved OFRLM systems and their critical importance in capturing ionizing radiation pulses.

Content

The article discusses the properties of scintillator materials, including organic, inorganic, and composite compositions, and highlights their unique properties and suitability for time-resolved measurements with OFRLM systems. Performance characteristics, advantages, and limitations of different scintillator materials are thoroughly reviewed.

Conclusion

This review provides insights into the optimal selection of scintillator materials for time-resolved OFRLM systems, offering criteria for improving their performance and facilitating advancements in radiation detection and dosimetry.
Cerebral vein thrombosis as the initial presentation of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APML)
Authors: Zulfiqar Fizza , Khadoori Noora , Deptula Lisa , Krishnamoorthy Geetha
Published: January 2025

A 33-year-old woman with morbid obesity, positive IgM cardiolipin antibody, and recurrent venous thromboembolism on weight-based enoxaparin treatment developed severe headaches during her 9th week of pregnancy and was diagnosed with cerebral vein thrombosis (CVT). She was treated with enoxaparin (1 mg/kg) 240 mg twice daily, after a few days of intravenous heparin. Her complete blood count showed mild pancytopenia, with normal peripheral smear. She had a normal bone marrow biopsy done due to leukocytosis a year ago. She few days later presented to our emergency department (ED) with worsening headache and photophobia. Workup revealed normal anti-Xa activity despite weight-based enoxaparin, CVT, and a new diagnosis of acute promyelocytic leukemia. While it is known that APML predisposes to thrombotic events, there is limited literature that reports enoxaparin-resistant CVT as an initial manifestation of APML. It is important for clinicians to be aware that occurrence of unusual thromboembolism may herald APML.
Auroral Acceleration at the Northern Magnetic Pole During Sub‐Alfvénic Solar Wind Flow at Earth
Authors: Waters J. E. , Lamy L. , Milan S. , Walach M.‐T. , Chané E.
Published: January 2025

Between 23 and 25 May 2002 the solar wind, due to very low plasma density, became sub‐Alfvénic for enough time to promote the establishment of Alfvén wings that can limit typical solar wind‐magnetosphere coupling. During this interval, the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) was oriented northward and duskward, with a slightly dominant component; driving of the magnetosphere was expected to be low. Many signatures are used to assess solar wind‐magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling, including ultraviolet (UV) observations of the auroral zone to infer monoenergetic electron precipitation and radio observations of auroral kilometric radiation (AKR) to infer the development of the auroral acceleration region. Observing these signatures with the IMAGE (Imager for Magnetopause‐to‐Aurora Global Exploration) and Wind spacecraft, we find evidence of auroral acceleration that allowed amplification of AKR to similar intensities as during super‐Alfvénic coupling. This coincides with polar electron aurora around square in latitude and at magnetic latitudes greater than 88. The multipoint radio observations imply sources are generated along a constrained flux tube. Given the primary coincidence of AKR and the electron polar spot 3 hr following the incidence of minimally sub‐Alfvénic solar wind at Earth, this acceleration occurs while the Alfvén wings are most complete. Given the IMF conditions, auroral morphology of the polar spot and the inference of an upward field‐aligned current, the magnetospheric dynamics are most related to those of the high‐latitude dayside aurora (HiLDA). These observations are the first to show AKR amplification from HiLDA and during a sub‐Alfvénic magnetosphere, highlighting the possibility of strong localized coupling under quiet geomagnetic conditions.
Structural insights into the interplay between microtubule polymerases, γ-tubulin complexes and their receptors
Authors: Zheng Anjun , Vermeulen Bram J. A. , Würtz Martin , Neuner Annett , Lübbehusen Nicole , Mayer Matthias P. , Schiebel Elmar , Pfeffer Stefan
Published: January 2025

The γ-tubulin ring complex (γ-TuRC) is a structural template for controlled nucleation of microtubules from α/β-tubulin heterodimers. At the cytoplasmic side of the yeast spindle pole body, the CM1-containing receptor protein Spc72 promotes γ-TuRC assembly from seven γ-tubulin small complexes (γ-TuSCs) and recruits the microtubule polymerase Stu2, yet their molecular interplay remains unclear. Here, we determine the cryo-EM structure of the Candida albicans cytoplasmic nucleation unit at 3.6 Å resolution, revealing how the γ-TuRC is assembled and conformationally primed for microtubule nucleation by the dimerised Spc72 CM1 motif. Two coiled-coil regions of Spc72 interact with the conserved C-terminal α-helix of Stu2 and thereby position the α/β-tubulin-binding TOG domains of Stu2 in the vicinity of the microtubule assembly site. Collectively, we reveal the function of CM1 motifs in γ-TuSC oligomerisation and the recruitment of microtubule polymerases to the γ-TuRC.
The effect of various bulk filling techniques on the mechanical and structural characteristics of class I biomimetic composite dental fillings
Authors: Kemény Alexandra , Farkas Péter Zoltán , Leveles Borbála , Borhy Levente , Károly Dóra , Bubonyi Tamás , Volom András , Braunitzer Gábor , Alleman David S. , Varbai Balázs
Published: January 2025

Tooth degradation develops easily over time from initial caries to deeper cavities. The quality and durability of restorations are crucial in a patients’ life, and it is primarily determined by the mechanical properties of the restorations. Clinicians and engineers apply biomimetic science in dentistry to mimic the natural design of the teeth and emphasize careful material selection as well as bond strength between the tissue and artificial material. The aim of this research was to develop and compare five different bulk filling restoration techniques for high C-factor (5.0) Class I cavities and determine the most durable technique. Tensile bond strength between the dentin and the filling, as well as the inner structure of the filling was measured via computed tomography, scanning electron microscopy and mechanical testing methods. It was found that the semi-direct bulk filling technique (bulk filling with an extra, indirect curing step) can increase the tensile bond strength on average by 58% (51.1 ± 12.2 MPa) compared to the direct bulk filling method with the same materials (32.4 ± 8.2 MPa). The introduced semi-direct technique allows bulk filling to be used on Class I cavities while achieving a high bond strength, resulting in highly durable and reproducible restorations.
Dietary Nigella sativa nanoparticles enhance broiler growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immunity, gene expression modulation, and cecal microbiota during high ambient temperatures
Authors: Elbaz Ahmed M. , Ashmawy Eman S. , Farahat M. A. A. , Abdel‑Maksoud Ahmed , Amin Shimaa A. , Mohamed Zangabel S.
Published: January 2025

Environmental heat stress causes significant economic loss in the poultry industry. Therefore, interest has increased in using feed additives to reduce the negative impacts of heat stress on the chickens and improve production performance. This study aimed to assess the effect of supplementing with Nigella sativa nanoparticles (Nano-NS) as an anti-stress and growth promoter in broiler diets under hot climatic conditions. A total of 375 male one-day-old Ross 308 chicks were randomly divided into a control group and four treatment groups (75 chicks/group). The first group fed a basal diet without additives, the second group fed a basal diet supplemented with avilamycin at 50 mg/kg, and the other groups fed a basal diet supplemented with 30, 40, and 50 mg/kg Nano-NS, respectively. Despite that feed intake was not affected, feed conversion ratio, body weight gain, and crude protein digestibility improved in broilers fed Nano-NS (P < 0.05) compared with avilamycin and the control groups. Adding Nano-NS led to an increase in the dressing percentage and the relative weight of the bursa of Fabricius and thymus. Serum high-density lipoprotein levels increased while total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein concentrations decreased (P < 0.05) in broilers fed Nano-NS compared with control groups. Furthermore, Nano-NS supplementation significantly increased (P < 0.05) serum immunoglobulin (IgG and IgA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels, while decreasing malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) concentration. Moreover, there was a significant increase in the Lactobacillus population and a decrease (P < 0.05) in the E. coli and C. perfringens population in chicks fed Nano-NS. In the intestinal tissues, mucin 2 (MUC2) gene expression increased in chickens fed 50 mg/kg Nano-NS compared to other groups. It is concluded that adding Nano-NS (up to 50 mg/kg) reduced the negative effects of heat stress via enhancing growth performance, immune responses, and antioxidant status, modulating the microbial community structure, and increasing the expression of the MUC2 gene in broilers under high ambient temperature.
RBM47 is a novel immunotherapeutic target and prognostic biomarker in gliomas
Authors: Wei Wei , Cao Yongfu , Lu Xin , Wang Long , Li Jianbin , Deng Guojun , Li Donghai , Xiao Limin
Published: January 2025

The role of RBM47, an RNA-binding protein, in shaping the immune landscape of gliomas and tumor immune responses is yet to be fully studied. Therefore, a comprehensive investigation into the immunomodulatory roles of RBM47 in gliomas was conducted, leveraging gene expression data from multi-omic datasets. The prognosis of patients with gliomas considering RBM47 was elucidated using bioinformatics methods and clinical data, with results validated using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analyses. The expression of RBM47 in gliomas was higher than that in normal tissues and was positively correlated with the World Health Organization tumor grade. Increased RBM47 expression is associated with poor prognosis in patients with glioma, serving as an independent predictor of overall survival. The nomogram combining RBM47 expression levels with clinical prognostic factors demonstrated strong predictive accuracy, achieving a C-index of up to 0.863 in both TCGA training and CGGA validation groups. Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, and Gene Set Variation Analysis indicated that RBM47 is closely related to immunity and inflammation. Single-cell sequencing and immunofluorescence assays confirmed the enrichment of RBM47 in CD163 + macrophages. Therefore, RBM47 plays a vital role in the immune microenvironment of gliomas and may be a potential immunotherapy target.
Elevations in D-dimer levels in patients with Plasmodium infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sukati Suriyan , Kotepui Kwuntida Uthaisar , Masangkay Frederick Ramirez , Tseng Ching-Ping , Mahittikorn Aongart , Anabire Nsoh Godwin , Wilairatana Polrat , Wangdi Kinley , Majima Hideyuki J , Suwannatrai Apiporn Thinkhamrop , Klangbud Wiyada Kwanhian , Mala Wanida , Rattanatham Rujikorn , Kotepui Manas
Published: January 2025

D-dimer, a byproduct of cross-linked fibrin degradation, arises during the fibrinolysis process, breaking down blood clots in circulation. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize evidence of D-dimer alteration in people with malaria, including variations in disease severity. The systematic review was registered in PROSPERO with registration number CRD42024528245. Searches were performed in EMBASE, Scopus, MEDLINE, PubMed, Nursing & Allied Health Premium, and Journals@Ovid on March 25, 2024, to identify original studies that reported D-dimer in patients with Plasmodium infections. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. Thematic synthesis and meta-analysis were carried out to synthesize the findings of the included studies. A total of 24 studies were included in the review out of 1,115 records identified. According to the evaluated studies, patients with Plasmodium infections had higher D-dimer levels. A meta-analytic evaluation of D-dimer levels between patients with and without Plasmodium infections revealed a significant elevation of D-dimer in patients with infection, with high heterogeneity (SMD = 2.11, 95% CI = 0.59; 3.64, P = 0.007, I² = 98%, 6 studies, 1,418 participants, random-effects model). However, no significant alterations in D-dimer levels were observed following the comparison between patients with severe and uncomplicated malaria, also with high heterogeneity (SMD = 2.54, 95% CI = -1.60; 6.68, P = 0.23, I² = 99%, 3 studies, 595 participants). The findings suggested that malaria patients have significantly higher D-dimer levels compared to non-malarial individuals. However, there was no significant difference in D-dimer levels between severe and uncomplicated malaria cases. These results highlight the potential of D-dimer as a biomarker for Plasmodium infections, but its clinical utility requires further validation. Future studies should prioritize standardizing D-dimer measurement methods, including assay types, threshold values, and sample types, to ensure consistent and reliable application in clinical settings. Additionally, large, multicentric cohorts are needed to establish robust guidelines for incorporating D-dimer into malaria management practices. Further research should also explore the role of D-dimer in the pathogenesis of Plasmodium infections to deepen our understanding of their clinical significance.
Deep eutectic solvent engineering: a novel ternary system for efficient lignocellulose extraction
Authors: Wu Guanzheng , Cheng Yu , Huang Caoxing , Yong Cheng , Fu Yu
Published: January 2025

This system builds upon DESs with green, low-cost, and simple to synthesize. Our controllable and customizable DES system optimizes reaction activity and solubility characteristics, contributing to more effective and thorough biomass processing.
Spectral energy distribution modelling of broad emission line quasars: From X-ray to radio wavelengths
Authors: Chakraborty Avinanda , Kundu Maitreya , Chatterjee Suchetana , Panda Swayamtrupta , Sar Arijit , Jaison Sandra , Chatterjee Ritaban
Published: January 2025

Aims. We study differences in the physical properties of quasar host galaxies using an optically selected sample of radio-loud (RL) and radio-quiet quasars (in the redshift range 0.15 ≤ z ≤ 1.9) that we have further cross-matched with the VLA-FIRST survey catalogue. The sources in our sample have broad Hβ and Mg II emission lines (1000 km/s < FWHM < 15 000 km/s) with a sub-sample of high broad-line quasars (FWHM > 15 000 km/s). We constructed the broad-band spectral energy distribution (SED) of our broad-line quasars using multi-wavelength archival data and targeted observations with the AstroSat telescope.

Methods. We used the state-of-the-art SED modelling code CIGALE v2022.0 to model the SEDs and determine the best-fit physical parameters of the quasar host galaxies; namely, their star formation rate (SFR), main-sequence stellar mass, luminosity absorbed by dust, e-folding time, and stellar population age.

Results. We find that the emission from the host galaxy of our sources is between 20% and 35% of the total luminosity, as they are mostly dominated by central quasars. Using the best-fit estimates, we reconstructed the optical spectra of our quasars, which show remarkable agreement in reproducing the observed SDSS spectra of the same sources. We plot the main-sequence relation for our quasars and note that they are significantly away from the main sequence of star-forming galaxies. Further, the main-sequence relation shows a bimodality for our RL quasars, indicating populations segregated by Eddington ratios.

Conclusions. We conclude that RL quasars in our sample with lower Eddington ratios tend to have substantially lower SFRs for similar stellar mass. Our analyses thus provide a completely independent route to studying the host galaxies of quasars and addressing the radio dichotomy problem from the host galaxy angle.
Methane precipitation in ice giant atmospheres
Authors: Toledo D. , Rannou P. , Irwin P. , de Batz de Trenquelléon B. , Roman M. , Apestigue V. , Arruego I. , Yela M.
Published: January 2025

Context. Voyager-2 radio occultation measurements have revealed changes in the atmospheric refractivity within a 2–4 km layer near the 1.2-bar level in Uranus and the 1.6-bar level in Neptune. These changes were attributed to the presence of a methane cloud, consistent with the observation that methane concentration decreases with altitude above these levels, closely following the saturation vapor pressure. However, no clear spectral signatures of such a cloud have been detected thus far in the spectra acquired from both planets.

Aims. We examine methane cloud properties in the atmospheres of the ice giants, including vertical ice distribution, droplet radius, precipitation rates, timescales, and total opacity, employing microphysical simulations under different scenarios.

Methods. We used a one-dimensional (1D) cloud microphysical model to simulate the formation of methane clouds in the ice giants. The simulations include the processes of nucleation, condensation, coagulation, evaporation, and precipitation, with vertical mixing simulated using an eddy-diffusion profile (Keddy).

Results. Our simulations show cloud bases close to 1.24 bars in Uranus and 1.64 bars in Neptune, with droplets up to 100 µm causing high settling velocities and precipitation rates (∼370 mm per Earth year). The high settling velocities limit the total cloud opacity, yielding values at 0.8 µm of ∼0.19 for Uranus and ∼0.35 for Neptune, using Keddy = 0.5 m2 s−1 and a deep methane mole fraction (μCH4) of 0.04. In addition, lower Keddy or μCH4 values result in smaller opacities. Methane supersaturation is promptly removed by condensation, controlling the decline in μCH4 with altitude in the troposphere. However, the high settling velocities prevent the formation of a permanent thick cloud. Stratospheric hazes made of ethane or acetylene ice are expected to evaporate completely before reaching the methane condensation level. Since hazes are required for methane heterogeneous nucleation, this suggests either a change in the solid phase properties of the haze particles, inhibiting evaporation, or the presence of photochemical hazes.
Short-term and long-term fluoride stress induce differential molecular and transcriptional regulation and variable ranges of fluoride tolerance in two indica rice (Oryza sativa) varieties
Authors: Singh Ankur , Banerjee Aditya , Roychoudhury Aryadeep
Published: January 2025

The aim of this study was to decipher the reprogramming of protective machineries and sulfur metabolism, as responses to time-dependent effect of fluoride stress for 10 and 20 days in two indica rice (Oryza sativa) varieties. Unregulated accumulation of fluoride via chloride channels (CLC1 and CLC2) in 10-day-old (cv. Khitish) and 20-day-old (cv. MTU1010) seedlings caused higher accumulation of H2O2 and superoxide anion that eventually incited chlorophyll loss and electrolyte leakage, along with the formation of malondialdehyde and methylglyoxal. Higher fluoride accumulation also enhanced lipoxygenase and NADPH oxidase activities, which further aggravated the oxidative damages. However, for stressed 20-day-old Khitish and 10 day-old MTU1010 seedlings, plant growth was maintained with lesser oxidative damages due to upregulated expression of H+-ATPase and FEX along with the elevated level of cysteine and H2S, which could be linked with higher activity of ATP-S, OASTL, and DES. The activity of the enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, and glutathione peroxidase) and level of non-enzymatic antioxidants (anthocyanins and flavonoids) were also enhanced that strengthened the antioxidative potential of the seedlings. Our work demonstrated that differential reprogramming of the protective metabolites and sulfur assimilation pathways is responsible for the differential pattern of adaptive strategies against fluoride stress in the two indica rice varieties, with Khitish exhibiting tolerance against long-term fluoride stress, whilst MTU1010 showing high susceptibility to the same.
The next chapter for the Australian Journal of Zoology
Authors: Wilson Laura A. B. , Clemente Christofer J.
Published: January 2025

The new Editors-in-Chief for the Journal discuss changes to the editorial team, along with their future plans for broadening the Journal’s scope and encouraging submissions across the different article types currently offered by AJZ.
The New Haven School
Authors: Derrig Ríán
Published: January 2025

This book is an intellectual history of the ‘New Haven School’, a school of legal theory and practice associated with Yale Law School in the city of New Haven. New Haven School ‘policy-oriented jurisprudence’—so-called for its emphasis on using law to pursue acknowledged policy aims—was developed from the 1940s by Harold Lasswell, a central figure of twentieth-century American political science, and Myres McDougal, a prominent international lawyer. The book argues that the New Haven School style of argument was representative of mid-century American international law. Through the biographies and scholarship of Lasswell, McDougal, and New Haven School members, and using previously unexploited archival materials, the book explores how this body of legal theory was shaped and how it influenced the legal arguments made by McDougal and other members of the school in support of Cold War anti-communist policy positions and legal practice of the United States. The book shows that the New Haven School represented a specific anti-formalism and a collection of methods that characterized how American scholars and lawyers practised international law in the middle of the twentieth century, and still do today.
The Psychological Age
Authors: Derrig Ríán
Published: January 2025

This chapter uses archival sources to develop an intellectual biography of Harold Lasswell’s life before he met Myres McDougal in 1935 and began to develop their ‘policy-oriented jurisprudence’. The chapter recounts formative experiences of Lasswell’s childhood in small, early twentieth-century Illinois towns, including his interactions with Progressive Era politicians. Lasswell’s studies at the University of Chicago are examined. The chapter reconstructs his contact with historically prominent figures in 1920s Geneva at the League of Nations, in London amongst the Fabian Society, in Freudian psychoanalytic circles in Vienna, and in avant-garde psychoanalytic circles in Berlin. Lasswell’s efforts to pursue research on psychoanalysis and politics in the 1930s United States are described, as are the 1950s FBI investigations into his associations with communism. The chapter argues that Lasswell’s experiences and scholarship in this period heavily influenced the policy-oriented jurisprudence he would later develop with McDougal.
Teaching American International Law
Authors: Derrig Ríán
Published: January 2025

This chapter uses unpublished teaching materials to reconstruct the legal theory that Harold Lasswell and Myres McDougal taught in their Law, Science and Policy seminars at Yale Law School from the 1940s. The chapter connects the core tenets of their ‘policy-oriented jurisprudence’ to legal arguments in support of Cold War anti-communist policies of the US State Department that made the New Haven School famous and controversial. The psychoanalytic and anthropological premises of this theory are emphasized, as is its theorization of connections between the personal characters of people and constitutional orders. Using examples from the laws of war and in war, as well as international human rights law, the chapter argues that this understanding of how personal value commitments related to legal and political order was central to New Haven School legal arguments, which were representative of the broader field of American international law.
The School
Authors: Derrig Ríán
Published: January 2025

This chapter reconstructs the web of former students who associated themselves with what they called the ‘New Haven School’ and used the legal theory developed by Harold Lasswell and Myres McDougal. It examines McDougal’s practice of co-authoring his most prominent legal arguments with former students and draws on debates between those co-authors and in the wider field of international law to explore how the anti-formalist style of New Haven School arguments was understood to challenge an ideal of the autonomy of international law from politics. McDougal’s arguments at the Vienna Conference on the Law of Treaties and for the United States in the 1986 ICJ case Nicaragua v United States are used to illustrate the perceived political consequences of his anti-formalism and to argue that it became representative of American international law more broadly.
Introduction
Authors: Derrig Ríán
Published: January 2025

This chapter introduces the book. It explains that as a book about the New Haven School—the mid-century legal theory developed by Harold Lasswell and Myres McDougal at Yale Law School in the city of New Haven—it is also inevitably a book about American international law. The chapter describes how the New Haven School practiced and represented an effective articulation of a style of arguing about and using law that characterized American international law at mid-century, and which still does so today. The chapter explains methodological premises adopted in writing the book, and concludes by introducing the structure of the book as a whole and of each subsequent chapter.
Explanatory Solutions to Skeptical Problems
Authors: McCain Kevin
Published: January 2025

In Appearance & Explanation, Kevin McCain and Luca Moretti developed “Phenomenal Explanationism” (PE). PE is a theory of epistemic justification that combines an explanationist theory of evidential support with an appearance-based/phenomenal conception of evidence. According to PE, epistemic justification is a matter of what best explains our evidence, which ultimately consists of appearances. In Appearance & Explanation it was argued that PE is a complete internalist theory of epistemic justification that delivers on the promises of other appearance-based theories while avoiding their pitfalls. One of the promises of PE is that it provides a satisfactory response to skepticism. However, in Appearance & Explanation only PE’s response to external world skepticism was discussed, and that discussion of the issue was limited. In Explanatory Solutions to Skeptical Problems the discussion of PE’s response to external world skepticism is greatly expanded. This isn’t all though. In Explanatory Solutions to Skeptical Problems readers will find that PE also offers solutions to a host of other perennial skeptical problems, including the problem of the criterion, the regress of justification, memory skepticism, and inductive skepticism. The promise PE displays in responding to these problems makes it plain that it is a viable theory of epistemic justification worthy of careful consideration and that accepting internalism more generally doesn’t leave one without reasonable responses to skeptical problems.
Phenomenal Explanationism Revisited Part II
Authors: McCain Kevin
Published: January 2025

This chapter completes discussion of Phenomenal Explanationism (PE) as a theory of epistemic justification. In particular, the explanationist account of evidential fit is formulated and various finer points are discussed such as the relevant notion of explanation and what it takes for an explanation to be the best. Once the details of PE are firmly in hand the chapter turns toward an explication of how PE applies to various kinds of justification. Specifically, the chapter discusses a number of cases of perceptual, memorial, testimonial, introspective, inferential, and a priori justification and how PE yields the intuitively correct results in each case.
The Cartesian Problem
Authors: McCain Kevin
Published: January 2025

This chapter begins by getting clear on the nature of the skeptical argument for external world skepticism. The relationship between skeptical arguments that rely on closure principles and skeptical arguments that rely on underdetermination principles is explored. The chapter shows how Phenomenal Explanationism (PE) offers a unified response to both forms of the skeptical argument. The chapter then argues that overly simple skeptical hypotheses can be dismissed because they cannot match the explanatory power of our common-sense view of the world. The chapter also includes an argument for thinking that the explanation offered by our common-sense view of the world is superior to all of the relevant skeptical competitors (the skeptical competitors that are sufficiently sophisticated to avoid the problem with overly simple skeptical hypotheses). It is for this reason that our common-sense view of the world is justified, and skeptical arguments are unsound.
Memory Problems
Authors: McCain Kevin
Published: January 2025

This chapter explains Phenomenal Explanationism’s (PE) responses to two forms of memory skepticism: skepticism about the past and skepticism concerning the reliability of the faculty of memory itself. Concerning the first problem, the chapter contends that of the many (perhaps infinite) ages that the world could be only a small portion of those would actually amount to a genuine skeptical threat. Once it is made clear that the non-skeptical age range for the world is vastly larger than the skeptical one, it appears that we have good reason to reject skepticism about the past. With respect to the second problem, it is made clear that skeptical attacks on memory are limited in key ways. Once these limitations are recognized, PE provides good reason to think that the faculty of memory is reliable.
Among Other Things, a Theological Solution to the Fermi Paradox
Authors: Sportiello Daniel John
Published: January 2025

This essay addresses a serious question in theistic bioethics—what those of faith ought to make of transhumanism. In it, I argue for two theses: (1) Humanity—having slain Pestilence, War, and Famine—will slay Death as well. (In other words, the transhumanists are descriptively right.) (2) It is not death that really torments us. (In other words, the transhumanists are normatively wrong.) In doing so, I’ll suggest a theological solution to the Fermi Paradox: maybe we have not encountered any other technological civilizations because, while intelligent animals are fairly common in our galaxy, none of the others are driven by the restlessness that would drive us to sail the stars. In other words, maybe none of the others are fallen.
Patient activation improves with a multi-component personalized mHealth intervention in older patients at risk of cardiovascular disease: a pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Candelaria Dion , Cacciata Marysol , Serafica Reimund , Reyes Andrew Thomas , Lee Jung-Ah , Hildebrand Janett A , Sta. Maria Axel , Strömberg Anna , Evangelista Lorraine S
Published: January 2025

Aims

This study aimed to determine the effect of a multi-component mHealth intervention on patient activation and examine its predictors among older adults at risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Methods and results

This pilot randomized controlled trial compared two groups: Get FIT (control), who received healthy lifestyle counselling from a licensed health coach, a mHealth app (MyFitnessPal) with push alerts, and an activity tracker, and Get FIT + (intervention), who received the same interventions and had personalized text messages with 3- and 6-month follow-up periods. Patient activation was measured using the 13-item Patient Activation Measure; higher scores indicated better activation. Linear mixed-effects models were used to investigate between-group changes in outcomes across time. The participants’ (n = 54) mean age was 65.4 ± 6.0 years; 61% were female; and 61% were married. Baseline characteristics were comparable between groups. Significant improvements in mean patient activation scores were observed in the Get FIT + group at 3 months [mean 3.53 points, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.11, 6.96; P = 0.043] and 6 months (mean 4.37 points, 95% CI 0.91, 7.83; P = 0.014), whereas improvements in the Get FIT group were non-significant. Adjusting for age, gender, education, employment, marital status, social support, smartphone confidence, and self-perceived health, we found that only social support was associated with higher patient activation overall (B = 5.14, 95% CI 1.00, 9.27; P = 0.015).

Conclusion

The findings indicate that personalized text messaging can improve the self-care of older adults at risk of CVD. Findings also emphasize the importance of social support in the success of mHealth interventions for older adults.

Registration

The study is registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03720327).
Invariance of Elliptic Genus Under Wall-Crossing
Authors: Liu Henry
Published: January 2025

Wall-crossing formulas for various flavors of elliptic genus can be obtained using master spaces. We give a topological criterion which implies that such wall-crossing formulas are trivial. Applications are given for the following: GIT quotients, following Thaddeus; moduli of sheaves, following Mochizuki; and Donaldson–Thomas and Vafa–Witten theory, following Joyce and Tanaka–Thomas, respectively.
Approaches for extracting daily dosage from free-text prescription signatures in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: a comparative study
Authors: Haaker Theodorus S , Choi Joshua S , Nanjo Claude J , Warner Phillip B , Abu-Hanna Ameen , Kawamoto Kensaku
Published: January 2025

Objective

To compare various methods for extracting daily dosage information from prescription signatures (sigs) and identify the best performers.

Materials and Methods

In this study, 5 daily dosage extraction methods were identified. Parsigs, RxSig, Sig2db, a large language model (LLM), and a bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) model were selected. The methods were analyzed with regard to positive predictive value (PPV), sensitivity, F1-score, cost to compute, and time to finish on a sig dataset in the context of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.

Results

The dataset consisted of 29 896 free-text sigs, which were split into training and validation sets of 70% and 30%, respectively. The BiLSTM model scored lowest with an F1-score of 0.71. The LLM GPT-4o and regular expression-based RxSig achieved the highest F1-scores with 0.98 and 0.95, respectively. The LLM outperformed RxSig in sensitivity. RxSig outperformed the LLM in PPV. Additionally, RxSig had a lower run time and no costs compared to a cost of 25 dollars.

Discussion

In practical usage, it would be preferable for an algorithm to score high on PPV and F1-score, to reduce false positive assertions of daily dosage. Additionally, long running times and high costs are not scalable for larger datasets. Thus, RxSig is likely the most scalable approach. Further research is needed to investigate the generalizability of the findings.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that both the LLM and RxSig models excel in daily dose extraction from free-text sigs, with the RxSig model appearing to be the more scalable approach.
Case report – Hyperthermia and nuclear hypersegmentation of blood cells
Authors: Rivière C , Vimeux S , Laurens S , Deluche L , Juvin P Y , Sanson A , Metsu D
Published: January 2025

This case report describes a patient with a medical history of schizophrenia, found in a coma with hyperthermia, likely due to classic heatstroke. The white blood cells observed on the blood smear showed cytological abnormalities characterized by multilobed nuclei, which could be early signs of cell death. The evolution into multiorgan failure led rapidly to death.
Ischemic Stroke Complicated by Acute Decompensated Heart Failure and Its Association with Hemoglobin Levels
Authors: Yamazaki Yusuke , Shiraishi Yasuyuki , Kohsaka Shun , Ikegami Shogo , Kohno Takashi , Nagatomo Yuji , Kitamura Mitsunobu , Sakamoto Munehisa , Nomoto Michiru , Mizuno Atsushi , Takahashi Toshiyuki , Kobayashi Masatake , Higuchi Satoshi , Ieda Masaki , Yoshikawa Tsutomu ,   the West Tokyo Heart Failure Registry Investigators
Published: January 2025

Background

Ischemic stroke (IS) is a serious complication in heart failure, particularly following hospitalization for acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). However, its actual incidence during the acute and stable treatment phases remains unclear. Moreover, the association between IS and hemoglobin levels, which fluctuate during these phases, has not been comprehensively investigated.

Methods

Patient-level data from 2018 to 2024 were extracted from a prospective multicenter cohort study that consecutively enrolled patients hospitalized with ADHF. Cerebrovascular events were confirmed by local board-certified neurologists using imaging modalities. The incidence of IS and its association with hemoglobin levels, categorized by the universal anemia definition (hemoglobin <13.0 g/dL for men and <12.0 g/dL for women) were examined in early (within 30 days) and late phases (beyond 30 days) following ADHF hospitalization. Fine–Gray models were used for early IS analyses, and Cox proportional hazards models with time-varying covariates (hemoglobin levels) were applied for late IS. Results: A total of 5,106 patients (median age 79 years; men 58%) were analyzed, and 115 (2.3%) developed IS over a median follow-up of 13 months. The incidence was higher in the early phase (median onset 7 days,p for trend=0.002). Cardioembolic stroke (61.7%) was the predominant subtype throughout phases. After covariate adjustments, higher hemoglobin levels (non-anemia) were associated with increased risk of early IS (sHR 2.05,95%CI 1.09– 3.83, p=0.03), but not with late IS (adjusted HR 1.21,95% CI 0.65–2.23, p=0.55), with restricted cubic spline further demonstrating non-linear phase-dependent differences in the impact of hemoglobin levels on IS risk.

Conclusion

IS occurred across phases of ADHF management, with higher incidence within 30 days after hospitalization. The relationship between hemoglobin levels and IS risk varies by phase, highlighting non-anemia as a potential marker for high-risk patients in the early phase. Incorporating hemoglobin levels into risk stratification could guide targeted screening and preventive strategies.