bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Equivalence in virtual transitions between uniformly accelerated and static atoms: from a bird's eye
Authors: Kumawat Pradeep Kumar , Barman Subhajit , Majhi Bibhas Ranjan
Published: February 2025

We study the prospect of the equivalence principle at the quantum regime by investigating
the transition probabilities of a two-level atomic detector in different scenarios. In particular,
two specific set-ups are considered. (i) Without a boundary: In one scenario the atom is
in uniform acceleration and interacting with Minkowski field modes. While in the other the atom is
static and in interaction with Rindler field modes. (ii) With a reflecting boundary: In
one scenario the atom is uniformly accelerated and the mirror is static, and in the other scenario
the atom is static and the mirror is in uniform acceleration. In these cases, the atom interacts
with the field modes, defined in the mirror's frame. For both the set-ups, the focus is on the
excitation and de-excitation probabilities in (1+1) and (3+1) spacetime dimensions. Our
observations affirm that in (1+1) dimensions, for both set-ups the transition probabilities from
different scenarios become the same when the atomic and the field frequencies are equal. In
contrast, in (3+1) dimensions this equivalence is not observed in general, inspiring us to look
for a deeper physical interpretation. Our findings suggest that when the equivalence between
different scenarios is concerned, the excitation to de-excitation ratio provides a more consistent
measure even in (3+1) dimensions. We discuss the physical interpretation and implications of our
findings.
Intrinsic shape variation of quiescent galaxies from redshift 2.5 to 0.5
Authors: Chen Lijun , Zhang Hong-Xin
Published: February 2025

According to the standard ‘inside-out' galaxy formation scenario, galaxies first form a dense core and then gradually assemble their outskirts. This implies that galaxies with similar central stellar mass densities might have evolutionary links. We use the UVJ color-color diagram to select quiescent galaxies in the redshift interval from 0.5 to 2.5, derive their central surface brightness using morphological parameters, and then estimate the central stellar mass surface densities based on mass-to-light ratios.Our galaxies are classified into different subsamples based on their central stellar mass densities, stellar mass, morphological type and redshift.We infer the intrinsic axis ratios $\mu_{B/A}$ and $\mu_{C/A}$ based on the apparent axis ratio $q$ distributions, where A, B, and C refers to, respectively, the major, intermediate and minor axis of a triaxial ellipsoid. We find that 1) massive quiescent galaxies have typical intrinsic shape similarly close to thick oblate structures, with $\mu_{B/A} \gtrsim 0.9$, regardless of stellar mass, redshift, or central stellar mass densities, and 2) galaxies at higher redshift are systematically thinner than their lower-redshift counterparts, and 3) when splitting the sample into early type and late type with Sersic indices, ETGs at higher redshift are slightly more prolate (smaller average $\mu_{B/A}$) than those at lower redshift. Minor mergers of galaxies may have played important roles in the structural evolution of quiescent galaxies.
Applying Structural Equation Modeling to Analyze Acceptance of a Transportation Policy in Ho Chi Minh City
Authors: Kim Gia Tuan , Van Hong Tan
Published: February 2025

Structural Equation Modeling is a powerful and versatile tool for studying policy acceptance, particularly when the subject involves complex, multivariate relationships. The key strengths of SEM lies in its ability to analyze both direct and indirect effects of multiple variables simultaneously, allowing researchers to assess how different factors - such as psychological perceptions or societal impacts - interact and contribute to policy support. The results in this applied study provide a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing both participation in and support for pedestrian streets in HCMC. We found that perceived traffic displacement and perceived effectiveness of organization emerge as key predictors of both participation and support, while accessibility primarily affects public agreement on implementation. These findings are consistent with other studies in urban planning, which emphasize the importance of effective management, traffic reduction, and accessible design in fostering successful pedestrian streets in HCMC.
Visualizing brain signals in mental calculation by using Electroencephalography Topographic Map Animation with Independent component analysis perspectives
Authors: Ngoc Nghiem Nguyen , Nguyen Cong Danh , Duc Toan Vo
Published: February 2025

Cognitive Neuroscience is a scientific study area that examines biology processes and features that underlie cognition, focusing particularly on brain neural connections involved in mental processes. This research field discovers how the brain works when we perform a specific cognitive task such as doing school tests or brain games, from which experts can analyze and evaluate how they affect our brain. EEG signals are an essential tool in the mental process for detecting and monitoring the variations and patterns in the brain’s electrical activity. In this study, we aim to try to observe electrical activity through brain mapping animation of the brain using EEG signals recorded from participants while they performed mental calculations. The data involved thirty-six participants divided into good performers and poor performers based on their number of mental arithmetic tasks . We hypothesized that there would be changes in the distribution of EEG activity before and during performing cognitive activity in good and poor performers. The data were preprocessed, segmented into 2-second epochs, and decomposed into independent components (ICs) using ICA (independent component analysis). We used K-means clustering to obtain nine notable original brain signals based on clusters containing ICs from more than half of the subjects criteria. We applied spectral power to detect the change in theta (4-8 Hz), alpha (8-12 Hz), low beta (12-20 Hz), high beta (20-30 Hz) and gamma (30-4 5Hz) in rest and task conditions. event-related spectral perturbation, or ERSP (event-related shifts in the spectral power) was employed to divide two groups. Topographic map animations were created from the 2-second epochs to visualize the changes in brain activity over time. We expect this approach will allow us to observe the evolution of electrical brain activity during mental calculation through saturation of colorbar, particularly in regions associated with cognitive and numerical processing. We also anticipate observing differences in brain dynamics between individuals with varying arithmetic abilities. This study has the potential to provide a novel tool for investigating brain dynamics during mental arithmetic and may have applications in assessing and improving effectiveness of cognitive activity.
Arc flash analysis using ETAP platform
Authors: Nhat Nam Nguyen , Ngoc Trieu Nguyen
Published: February 2025

Arc flash analysis during short circuit failure is an exciting issue that has significant implications for electrical design, management, maintenance, and operation of power systems. In this paper, a typical power system of a milk factory with voltage levels of 33kV, 11kV, and 0.4kV are considered for arc flash analysis on the platform of ETAP. The computation results show that the arc flash incident energies at some buses of the system are very high with the index of personal protective equipment (PPE) at the extreme danger level, and hence, the remedial procedure is inevitable. The two mitigation solutions of using low arc mode and arc flash detection relay are then verified. The latter strategy is demonstrated to be able to reduce the incident energy of arc flash at the dangerous buses to the level 2 of PPE, and hence, this method is recommended to apply for handling the arc flash hazard in this power system.
The effect of damping in evaluating tensile force of cable based on measuring frequency
Authors: Huynh-Thai An , Nguyen-Quoc Hung , Vuong-Cong Luan , Pham-Bao Toan
Published: February 2025

The cable vibration regularly appears in operating structures and harms the performance and service life of the structure. Therefore, it is necessary to develop solutions to control and predict the condition of structures, especially cable structure types such as extradosed bridges, suspension bridges, cable-stayed bridges, bridges with post-tensioned cables, signal towers, etc. In inspecting cable structures, estimating the tension acting on the cable based on vibration plays a significant role, owing to the damping of cables. The vibration measurement through accelerometers is more commonly used in construction buildings, because of its flexible implementation at low cost, and good accuracy while still ensuring construction safety standards, so practical formulas are proposed and improved accuracy for the problem of determining cable tension for different cable structures without considering damping. In this study, the continuous cables have been mathematically modeled to assess the tension considering the damping parameters of the cable.
Nonlinear bending of FGP beams and frames based on a third-order shear deformable theory
Authors: Pham Vu Nam , Ich Le Cong
Published: February 2025

The nonlinear bending of beams and frames made of functionally graded porous (FGP) material under mechanical loading is presented based on a third-order shear deformable theory. The beams and frames consist of an FGP core and two faces of isotropic material. The porosities of the core are considered to be symmetric distributions in the direction of thickness. The von Kármán nonlinear assumption is adopted to formulate a nonlinear beam element, and then to construct the nonlinear equilibrium equation. Different from the existing third-order shear deformable elements, the present element is derived by using the rotation of transverse shear, not the rotation of cross-section, as a. Explicit expressions for the vector of internal forces and the matrix of tangent stiffness are given. The nonlinear response of various FGP beams and frames to mechanical loading is predicted using the Newton–Raphson iterative method, and the effects of the porosities on the nonlinear behavior are examined. Numerical results show that the beam element proposed herein is efficient, and it can accurately predict the nonlinear response by using just several elements. The effects of the porosity coefficient on the nonlinear behavior of the FGP beams and frames are investigated in detail.
Dynamic Performances Analysis of an Electric Motorbike in case of Transient Excitation by Multi Body Dynamic Model
Authors: Tran Huu Nhan , Pham Ngoc Dai , Tran Quang Lam
Published: February 2025

The dynamic performances of an electric motorbike subjected under transient road profile is analyzed by a Multi-Body Dynamics (MBD) 4 degrees of freedom (4DOF) model. The dynamic characteristics between suspension elements connected to the vehicle frame are determined by a MBD model. The electric motorbike specifications are selected based on the designed vehicle model, including size parameters and loading distributed in the front and rear axles of the vehicle. Suspension system parameters include the stiffness of the spring and the damping coefficient of the shock absorber, which is selected in the common value range of the vehicle’s suspension system, corresponding to the natural frequency and damping ratio. The transient road profile according to the IRC 99 - 1988 standard, has the length (d1
) in range of 1.5÷3.7 (m), and examined velocity (v) range of 10÷80 (km/h). The evaluation indexes of the dynamic performances are analyzed including human body stability GAtr
(%), safety working space of the suspension system GRtr
(%) and the tire road holding ability GLtr
(%). In which, the GAtr, GRtr, GLtr
are respectively the ratios of the human vertical acceleration to the gravity acceleration, the dynamic suspension relative displacement to the suspension working deflection capacity, and the tire dynamic load to the tire static load. The obtained results show that with only one rider, the obtained GAtr
was greater than 1 under excitation range of [d1
≥ 2 (m), v>40 (km/h)], [d1
= 1.5 (m), v>13 (km/h)]. With two riders, d1
= 3.7 (m), the obtained GAtr
was less than 1 in the entire examined velocity domain. Both front and rear suspension systems ensured GRftr
<60% in all the investigated cases. In the front suspension system, with the same v and d1
, with two riders, the GRftr
was always greater compared to the one rider case. The obtained GLtr
was greater than the critical value of 1 with d1
= 3.7 m, v>36 (km/h). The lower d1
, the smaller critical velocity, causing the GLtr
>1 is obtained. The obtained results show that the smaller the critical velocity or the critical stability condition of the designed vehicle decreases, when the applied loading or the excitation frequency increases.
The use of PINN in analyzing two-dimensional elastoplastic problems
Authors: Nguyen Hoai Linh Le , Nguyen Nha Thanh
Published: February 2025

By utilizing characteristics of neural networks, the Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) is truly an innovative method in dealing with differential equations. Despite being proposed and developed recently, it still brings an outstanding way to deal with traditional mechanics problems. Regarding PINN as a differential equation solver, the governing equation of a mechanics system can be directly handled using deep learning techniques. As a variation of PINN, the deep energy method (DEM) exhibits some superior properties compared to the traditional PINN, such as the requirement in the order of the derivative field for calculation is less, the implementation is easier, and the convergence rate is higher, etc. In order to examine the applicability of DEM in nonlinear systems, this study applies the DEM model to deal with elastoplastic problems, which possess material-kind nonlinearity. Through the study, problems with the assumption of a bilinear material model are handled and analyzed. The results are validated by the reference results obtained from previous studies. The findings show that DEM is extremely effective in solving nonlinear systems. Also, in comparison to other traditional approaches such as the Finite Element Method (FEM), meshless, etc., PINN is indeed a promising approach in the next stage of research in the computational mechanics field.
Dynamic analysis of plates resting on elastic foundation subjected to moving loads based on the first-order shear deformation theory
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Trung , Siu Lo Vay , Truong Thien Tich
Published: February 2025

This paper investigates the time-dependent behavior of plates resting on a Pasternak elastic foundation affected by moving loads, employing the principles of the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT). By limiting the analysis to first-order shear deformation, FSDT requires fewer degrees of freedom, making the analysis less resource-intensive compared to 3D models. The time-dependent responses of the plate on the elastic foundation were evaluated applying the Newmark direct integration method. For computational analysis, the finite element method with a serendipity (8-node) plate element is applied because the foundation equation requires second-order derivatives of the Laplace operator, and is implemented using MATLAB. Initial validation is conducted by comparing the current results with analytical approaches to demonstrate the dependability and precision of the approach. Following this, numerical examples are illustrated to illustrate the impact of various factors, covering changes in thickness and foundation properties, moving loads, velocities, and effect of boundary conditions on the behavior of the plate. The outcomes show reliable convergence, aligning well with existing research findings. These insights are applicable in numerous engineering applications involving plates on elastic foundations and provide benchmarks for future studies.
Utilizing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for simulating airflow and heat distribution to enhance thermal comfort in enclosed space
Authors: Hoang Kha Vy Vu , Quoc Thai Hoang , Thi My Hien Nguyen
Published: February 2025

This study uses computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to simulate airflow and thermal parameters in enclosed spaces to evaluate and improve thermal comfort in HVAC systems. The two main indices, Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) and Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfaction (PPD), are accurately calculated by integrating CFD results with factors such as clothing insulation, metabolic rate, humidity, and mean radiant temperature. Results are compared with previous studies and introduce a new approach to simulating airflow and heat distribution to enhance thermal comfort in enclosed spaces. The thermal comfort of each manikin is assessed according to ASHRAE 55 standards. Despite some limitations, this research serves as a valuable reference for applying CFD in HVAC system design. Simulations were conducted using the student version of ANSYS Fluent.
Reflection on sustainability in civil engineering – investigation of the potential of numerical topology optimization
Authors: Masarczyk Daniela , Zöpf Valentin , Arold Tizian , Kuhl Detlef
Published: February 2025

The transformation of the building sector towards sustainability is one of the key engineering challenges of this century. Bridge design is a typical task in civil engineering, the high material usage in combination with the considerable costruction effort makes their longevity a strongly desirable property. A mechanically efficient design contributes to optimum load distribution within the structure. Numerical topology optimization is a valuable tool that can be applied for form finding of load-appropriate structural layouts within a predefined design-space. This study takes the design of a mechanically efficient bridge into focus, that can be manufactured on a model scale using the resource-saving methods from additive manufacturing (AM). The considerations on mechanical optimality, that are included in the layout of the bridge and its components, are presented to demonstrate a perspective for sustainable design in civil engineering.
Investigation of Bacterial Cellulose Production from Non-Hydrolyzed Orange Peel Extract Without Additional Nutrient Supplements
Authors: Tuyet Pham Thi , Hung Nguyen Minh , Dung Nguyen Van , Long Nguyen Quang
Published: February 2025

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is one of the noteworthy products that is synthesized by several genera of bacteria in the group of acetic acid bacteria. Bacterial cellulose has long been considered a smart, versatile, environmentally friendly material that can be applied in many fields due to its exceptional properties like high purity, high crystallinity, non-immune reaction, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. However, two significant problems need to be resolved to produce BC on a large scale including low fermentation efficiency and high production costs. However, two significant problems need to be resolved to produce BC on a large scale including low fermentation efficiency and high production costs. Meanwhile, agricultural waste products provide a plentiful and affordable solution to this problem. In this work, the usage of orange peel extract as a substitute medium for BC synthesis without any hydrolysis treatment is investigated. The main objective of this research was to enhance the BC yield from the orange peel extract medium, which is synthesized by Acetobacter xylinum, by optimizing the fermentation conditions. Following harvest, the BC was dried for 24 hours at 50°C to remove moisture. The result indicated that 100% orange peel extract, an initial pH medium of 10, a fermentation temperature of 30°C, a fermentation period of 14 days, and a bacterial concentration of 15% were the suitable conditions for BC production. Advanced analytical techniques were employed to do a detailed analysis of the generated bacterial cellulose (BC). According to X-ray diffraction (XRD) results, BC produced from orange peel extract has a high crystallinity index, reaching 86.92%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image showed the dense, overlapping microfibrillar structure characterizes outstanding physicochemical properties of BC.
Identification of Natural Infiltration Potential at Seputih Watershed
Authors: Talitha Aisyah Nasywa , Ravi Avra Abida El , Azahrah Fatihah Nusanovi , Badzlina Schehana , Annisa Fannya Rachma , Widyatmanti Wirastuti
Published: February 2025

Water has a vital role in human needs. The existence of water is related to the hydrological cycle, where watersheds limit the cycle on the earth’s surface. The Seputih watershed is in Lampung Province. The condition of the Seputih watershed, especially the infiltration rate, is important for conducting watershed management. The parameters used include slope, soil type, and rainfall, which are classified into five classes based on the types. Those parameters are overlayed, and the total score is counted to determine the Natural Infiltration Potential. There are several types of slopes in the Seputih Watershed, which are dominated by flat slopes. There are several types of alluvial, brown andosol, and latosol. On the other hand, all parts of the Seputih Watershed are classed as an area with moderate infiltration rain because it ranging from 2,500 to 3,500 mm in 2023. Natural infiltration potential is determined based on the Regulation of the Minister of Forestry Number P.32/MENHUT-II/2009. results show that the Seputih watershed area is dominated by Low potential of natural infiltration, covering 5815.88 km2 (77.39%) of the Seputih watershed area, with the rest belonging to High (15.77%), Moderate (3.87%), and Very Low (2.97%) levels. The low infiltration potential caused a high potential for flooding and high levels of drought. The results from this research could provide references for governments to manage watersheds, such as sustainable water resource management.
Prediction of Ricefield Land Changes Using Cellular Automata and Rice Adequacy in Bantul Regency
Authors: Kuncoro Aflah Bening , Harini Rika
Published: February 2025

Bantul Regency is the second-largest rice producer in the Special Region of Yogyakarta Province. However, the regency has experienced a decline in ricefield area coupled with population growth, which can impact the availability and demand for rice. This study aims to predict changes in ricefield areas and assess rice adequacy in Bantul Regency by 2033, using predictions of changes in ricefield areas. The Cellular Automata Artificial Neural Network (CA-ANN) method was employed for these predictions. The study is based on several assumptions: the predicted ricefield area directly corresponds to rice production, rice availability is solely based on local production in Bantul Regency, and the per capita rice consumption remains constant. According to the CA-ANN model, the ricefield area in Bantul Regency is projected to decrease by 3,434.14 ha, resulting in a total of 12,088.97 ha by 2033. Consequently, the predicted rice production for 2033 is 47,788.41 tons, while the projected demand is 63,321.81 tons. This results in a rice deficit of 15,533.40 tons for Bantul Regency in 2033.
Identification of Potential Plantation Subsectors to Support the Development of the New Capital City in Kutai Kartanegara Regency
Authors: Kumalawati R , Yuliarti A , Raharjo JT , Rijanta  , Susanti A , Saputra E , Budiman PW , Pratomo RA , Murliawan KH , Danarto WP , Muhtar GA , Anggraini RN , Prasakti Y
Published: February 2025

Indonesia is a country that is endowed with a wealth of natural resources, which play an instrumental role in the country’s economic and social advancement. The utilisation of existing natural resources can facilitate the enhancement of community welfare and the strengthening of the Indonesian state’s defences. This may be achieved, for instance, through the exploitation of natural resources derived from plantations. In light of the aforementioned, it is imperative to conduct research on the potential of the plantation subsector to facilitate the seamless development of the new national capital city in Kutai Kartanegara Regency. The objective of this research is to ascertain the potential of the plantation subsector to facilitate the seamless development of the new national capital (IKN) in Kutai Kartanegara Regency from 2015 to 2022, with a focus on each subsector. Plantation data in Kutai Kartanegara Regency between 2015 and 2022 is used to analyse plantation conditions with Location Quotients (LQ) method to ascertain statistical and spatial element to this study. The findings of the research indicate that palm oil, coconut and coffee commodities were present in all sub-districts of Kutai Kartanegara Regency throughout the period from 2015 to 2022. Consequently, these commodities have the potential for further development. The commodities that form the basis of Kutai Kartanegara Regency, East Kalimantan Province, and are most commonly found in each subdistrict are palm oil and rubber. In contrast, coconut, coffee, cocoa, and pepper are less abundant. The ongoing development of existing superior/base commodities is intended to enhance the welfare of the population and to strengthen the national security.
Mapping of thermal performance determinants of vertical greening urban landscapes: an approach of climate change mitigation and adaptation
Authors: Noraduola Dwi R , Mangkoedihardjo Sarwoko , Santoso R. Irwan B , Purwanti Ipung F , Jaya Laode G , Cahyadi Rusli
Published: February 2025

This paper seeks to examine the determinants that affect the thermal performance of vertical greening in urban settings through the use of a systematic review of the literature (SLR). The thermal performance of the Vertical Greening System (VGS) is determined by three specific design criteria: the location of the system, the characteristics associated with the plants, and the factors related to the structure and its support. The three parameters interact with each other to achieve optimal thermal performance. The discourse presented in this article has the potential to improve urban landscape planning, particularly in optimising the microclimatic advantages associated with the implementation of vertical greening in urban environments. This can have a positive impact on improving urban climate change mitigation and adaptation capacity.
New Cities Development in Indonesia: A Case Study of Maja New City
Authors: Ginting B V , Giyarsih S R , Putri R F
Published: February 2025

In 2020, Indonesia had a 56,7% urbanization rate that was predicted to rise yearly. One of the programs used by the Indonesian government to tackle this situation is developing ten new cities, one of them being Maja. Since 2015, more than 30.000 houses have been built, and 90% of them have already been sold, but only 30% reside in them. This paper aims to describe the reason for the inaccessibility problem in the new city of Maja creating ghost city phenomena and recommend further improvement and development. The paper will use an in-depth interview to gather information from the experts and the living experiences of settlers and natives. Then, the data from related literature will be triangulated to validate the information by using secondary data of housing price to income ratio. Then, the data is analysed by SWOT analysis to identify the challenges and potential of the new city of Maja. The results show that Maja is inaccessible despite many houses being built and sold. The combination of unaffordability to the local and low income people, remote locations to become a commuter city for the surrounding big cities, the absence of involvement with the natives creating a weak local community, lack of job opportunities and half implementation of transit-oriented development are the main reasons for significant vacancy.
Spatial Autocorrelation Analysis of Village Development in East Java: Clustering Patterns Based on the Village Development Index (IDM)
Authors: Chairani Maulidia Savira , Rijanta R. , Kurniawan Andri
Published: February 2025

Village development is a crucial step in supporting broader-scale development initiatives. One key indicator for assessing the level of village development in Indonesia is the Village Development Index (IDM). IDM is a composite index composed of three primary components: the Social Resilience Index (IKS), the Economic Resilience Index (IKE), and the Environmental Resilience Index (IKL). East Java Province has been selected for this study due to its status as the largest province on Java Island and its role as a central hub for national development. The analysis will utilize spatial autocorrelation techniques to explore spatial relationships between villages in East Java based on their IDM values. The results reveal positive spatial autocorrelation among villages in East Java Province. This positive spatial autocorrelation leads to the clustering of villages with HH (High-High) and LL (Low-Low) typologies. Additionally, the spatial autocorrelation analysis identifies areas with HL (High-Low) and LH (Low-High) typologies.
Assessment of Geoeducational Value of Geosites in UNESCO Global Geopark Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Based on School Students
Authors: Fahlevi Setiawan Iwan , Herlinawati  , Rohaendi Nendi , Alex Harmoko Antonius
Published: February 2025

In 2018, the UNESCO Global Geopark Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu was formed. The geopark contains interesting geological and geomorphological sites. One essential strategy to promote geoeducational values is to incorporate geosites into a school curriculum. The purpose of this article is to investigate the assessment of geoeducational value in evaluating geosite potential, particularly from the perspective of school students. The assessment results highlight the need of targeted measures in increasing educational and long-term impact of geosites, developing geological awareness and responsible environmental engagement. A questionnaire survey was utilised to assess the students’ understanding of geosites and their applications in geotourism and education. The research revealed that the availability of significant and special attractions in the area, however, they are rarely visited by students. Students argue that geoheritage assets can be considered essential tourist attractions. All stakeholders in geoeducation should focus more on spreading this knowledge to schools and the general public. The creation of a geopark will undoubtedly provide an opportunity for geoeducation to grow.
The interconnection of the Volcanic Aquifer Layers Influences the Interaction of Hydrogeological and Hydrology Systems on Cisadane River
Authors: Irianto Tri Silohadi Singgih , Bahagiarti Kusumayudha Sari , Prasetyadi Carolus , Yatini  , Agus Karmadi M.
Published: February 2025

The high groundwater potential on the eastern slopes of Mount Salak and the western slopes of Mount Pangrango, there are approximately 12 aquifer layers, in the form of confined aquifers and unconfined aquifers. More than 120 springs spread from slopes to valleys, discharge between 1 - 150 lt/second, and easy accessibility have implications for the rapid growth of the drinking water industry which utilizes groundwater springs, and river water. This large increase in utilization will certainly affect the condition of groundwater in CAT Bogor. It is feared that groundwater extraction with excessive withdrawal discharge will affect the condition of the groundwater level from dug wells and surface water and the influence of climate change will also affect the potential of water resources. Research on the interconnection of hydrogeological systems and river hydrology is carried out by mapping surface and subsurface geology to determine the aquifer system using 1D and 2D geoelectric methods as well as hydrochemical analysis, as well as measurements, of 18O, 2H isotopes, in springs, dug wells and deep wells, to find out how interconnection of groundwater flow with surface water and vice versa. This research aims to identify the interconnection of groundwater and surface water systems to understand risks such as drought, flooding, or a decrease in the quantity of water quality due to excessive use. The research results show that the genesis of groundwater in dug wells, springs, and drilled wells originating from unconfined aquifers, the genesis is the same as the genesis of surface water in the Cisadane River. Knowing the relationship between hydrogeological systems and river hydrology is necessary to build a hydrogeological system on the eastern slopes of Mount Salak and the western slopes of Mount Pangrango, for sustainable water resource management.
Geochemical Characterization Of Bedrock And Distribution Of Enrichment Of Rare Earth Elements And Scandium In Nickel Laterite Within The Wulu Area, Central Buton District, Southeast Sulawesi Province
Authors: Faried A P , Tonggiroh A , Irfan U R
Published: February 2025

The Wulu area has an abundance of laterite nickel mineral resources, and based on fluctuations in the chemical value of saprolite limonite zonation, it is evident that further research is required, particularly regarding the presence of REE (Rare Earth Elements) and Scandium in limonite. This study aims to examine the chemical changes of ultramafic rocks under fresh conditions in relation to the enrichment process of laterite elements and their connection to REE, especially scandium. To achieve these objectives, the research was conducted using ED-XRF and ICP-MS methods on several samples representing bedrock and laterite zoning at four locations: Block KBB_1, Block KBB_2, Block KBB_3, and Block KBB_4, to study and investigate the distribution of REE and Sc in nickel laterite. The results indicated that the wehrlite-type ultramafic source found in Block KBB_1 has the highest REE concentration at 0.91 ppm compared to lherzolite and harzburgite rocks. The increase in REE and scandium concentrations occurred significantly during the laterization of wehrlite rocks. REE and scandium concentrations were higher in the limonite zone, with concentrations increasing to 42 ppm for REE and reaching 10.63 ppm for scandium. The presence of bedrock composed of olivine and clinopyroxene minerals of wehrlite composition results in higher REE and scandium contents in the weathering products. This indicates that REE and scandium belong to the lithophile group associated with the presence of iron oxides in laterization. The difference in REE concentration of the ultramafic type is due to an imbalance in the level of laterization, such that the distribution of REE enrichment is inversely proportional; thus, high REE ultramafic types will affect the REE concentration of the laterization results. REE and scandium enrichment are directly proportional to the increase in NiO content, suggesting that REE and scandium can be by-products of nickel laterite and may be utilized in the future.
Study of Gold Extraction Based on Ore Characteristics using Hydrometallurgy in PT XYZ
Authors: Ardian Fahny , Putra Infantri , Zidan Mahendra Attar , Ammarsetya Nugeraha Rakha
Published: February 2025

Gold extraction is a vital process in the mining industry, as gold is a valuable and highly sought-after metal. A detailed mineralogical and characteristics study of refractory gold ores from PT XYZ was conducted. The primary components of refractory ores were silicates, carbonates, oxides, carbon, and sulfides. Because refractory ore contains contaminants that impact gold recovery, pre-treatment is necessary before processing to maximize gold recovery. To maximize the percentage of gold recovery, the refractory ore type in this study will be subjected to a pre-treatment technique called roasting, which attempts to reduce the sulfur content and alter the porosity of the ore. The hydrometallurgical method of extracting gold used in this research is cyanide; this technique was selected since it is the most technologically efficient way in the mining sector to date. Five ores were employed in this study: A, B, C, D, and E were obtained from PT XYZ in Indonesia. Based on laboratory and experiment testing using XRD, XRF, ICP, LECO & DLT (Diagnostic Leach Test), it concluded that sample A was free milling ore with a percent extraction of Au 95%. However, samples B, C, D, and E are refractories of the ore type, which need to be roasted before processing. Sample B had the highest percentage of gold extraction (89%), in the refractory type ore after roasting.
Mine Planning for Overburden Target Achievement in First Quarter of 2024 at Pit 3 PT Bina Sarana Sukses PT Tanjung Alam Jaya Jobsite Banjar, South Kalimantan
Authors: William Alfandro , Eka Aryanti Dian , Citra Dewi Mesias , Bagaskara Novan
Published: February 2025

PT Tanjung Alam Jaya plans to mine Seam A, Seam B, and Seam C in Pit 3 in near future which has dense vegetation and thick overburden material with a dip of 23°-25°. The steep slope of the coal seam results in a high Stripping Ratio (SR). The study was conducted using quantitative method with primary data collection through field observation and secondary data from PT Bina Sarana Sukses and other sources. The data is processed and analyzed to determine the best mine plan design. The mining direction for the first quarter of 2024 will start from the north area and widen to the south, following the strike of the coal seam. The design for the first quarter of 2024 Pit 3 is divided into three monthly sequence designs with a total overburden capacity of 2,264,048.21 BCM and 103,555.4 tons of coal, with an SR of 21.86 in accordance with the provisions of 115% of the production capacity of the determined by the company. The current study concludes the need of loaders and haulers, with a total of 3 loaders and 14 haulers for overburden removal target ranged from 621,160.89 BCM to 685,537.27 BCM for three monthly sequences.
The Viscosity Variance of Gel Based Fracturing Fluid Due to Ions of Water
Authors: Asmorowati Dewi , Marhaendrajana Taufan , Kristanto Dedi , Tegar Prambudi Rasyid
Published: February 2025

The design of the fracturing fluid is one of the elements that influence hydraulic fracturing success. Water-based fracturing fluid is currently the most extensively utilized type in the oil and gas industry. This form of fracturing fluid has the advantage of being convenient and cost-effective. However, in practice, it frequently causes issues due to the compatibility of the water and polymer used. Some types of water, such as seawater and production water, have a large number of ions, which might impact the viscosity of the fracturing fluid. The fracturing fluid viscosity characteristic is critical for fracturing and transferring sand or proppant. The fracturing fluid’s viscosity must meet the required minimum value. In this study, we will investigate the effect of barium ions from barium sulphate and potassium ions from potassium chloride on the viscosity of based gels containing Hydroxyl Propyl Guar (HPG) polymers. This study is expected to provide an overview of the influence of the ions contained in the seawater as well as the produced water on the viscosity of the resulting fluid. According to the study’s findings, barium ions have a tendency to reduce viscosity until 11 %, while potassium ions increase viscosity until 9%.
Land Suitability Assessment for Lemongrass Cultivation at a University Technopark in Bogor Regency, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Danniswari Dibyanti , Aini Besila Qurrotu , Intan Simangunsong Nur , Fauzi Reza , Fauzi Adi Nugroho Muhammad
Published: February 2025

A technopark is currently being developed at the Nagrak Campus of Universitas Trisakti, Bogor Regency, to support university-owned R&D. This university is conducting research on the use of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) waste as a material for hygiene products. Given the importance of lemongrass in supporting research innovations at the Universitas Trisakti, the university hopes to integrate a lemongrass cultivation area into a technopark. The study aimed to assess the land suitability of the Nagrak Campus Technopark for lemongrass cultivation. A survey was conducted to assess the land characteristics and collect soil samples, followed by laboratory soil analysis. Land suitability was assessed by comparing the field data with the preferred growing conditions for lemongrass. The results showed that the Nagrak Campus Technopark is marginally suitable for lemongrass cultivation. The major limiting factors are nutrient retention (low base saturation and pH) and nutrient availability (low phosphorus content). Other limiting factors include high temperature, water availability (high rainfall and air humidity), rooting conditions (clay soil texture), and nutrient availability (low total nitrogen). Efforts to enhance land quality and crop production include the addition of agricultural lime and fertilizers to the soil. These efforts may improve land suitability from marginally to moderately suitable conditions.
Recovery of plasma membrane tension after a hyperosmotic shock
Authors: Phan Jasmine , Silva Malan , Kohlmeyer Robin , Ruethemann Romy , Gay Lincoln , Jorgensen Erik , Babst Markus
Published: February 2025

Maintaining proper tension is critical for the organization and function of the plasma membrane. To study the mechanisms by which yeast restores normal plasma membrane tension, we used a microfluidics device to expose yeast to hyperosmotic conditions, which reduced cell volume and caused a ∼20% drop in cell surface area. The resulting low tension plasma membrane exhibited large clusters of negatively-charged glycerophospholipids together with nutrient transporters, suggesting phase segregation of the membrane. We found that endocytosis was blocked by the phase segregation and thus was not involved in removing excess membrane. In contrast, rapid recovery of plasma membrane tension was dependent on 1) eisosome morphology changes that were able to absorb most of the excess surface area and 2) lipid transport from the plasma membrane to the endoplasmic reticulum, where lipids were shunted into newly formed lipid droplets.
Phyloproteomics Reveals Conserved Patterns of Axonemal Dynein Methylation Across the Motile Ciliated Eukaryotes
Authors: Sakato-Antoku Miho , Patel Nikisha , Inaba Mayu , Rao Qinhui , Yang Jun , Patel-King Ramila S. , Inaba Kazuo , Balsbaugh Jeremy L. , King Stephen M.
Published: February 2025

Axonemal dynein assembly occurs in the cytoplasm and numerous cytosolic factors are specifically required for this process. Recently, one factor (DNAAF3/PF22) was identified as a methyltransferase. Examination of Chlamydomonas dyneins found they are methylated at sub-stoichiometric levels on multiple sites, including Lys and Arg residues in several of the nucleotide binding domains and on the microtubule-binding region. Given the highly conserved nature of axonemal dyneins, one key question is whether methylation happens only in dyneins from the chlorophyte algae, or if these modifications occur more broadly throughout the motile ciliated eukaryotes. Here we take a phyloproteomic approach and examine dynein methylation in a wide range of eukaryotic organisms bearing motile cilia. We find unambiguous evidence for methylation of axonemal dyneins in alveolates, chlorophytes, trypanosomes, and a broad range of metazoans. Intriguingly, we were unable to identify a single instance of methylation on Drosophila melanogaster sperm dyneins even though dipterans express a Dnaaf3 ortholog, or in spermatozoids of the fern Ceratopteris, which assembles inner arms but lacks both outer arm dyneins and DNAAF3. Thus, methylation of axonemal dyneins has been broadly conserved in most eukaryotic groups and has the potential to variably modify the function of these motors.
The Reception of Classical Literature in Hebrew
Authors: Dykman Aminadav
Published: February 2025

This chapter presents major developments in the modern history of Hebrew translation of Greek and Latin texts. When texts began to be translated for their aesthetic value, the Hebrew rendering was based on radical ‘Hebraization’, as in the case of M. H. Letteris (1800–71), who turned book 6 of the Iliad into a quasi-biblical epic about the fall of the First Temple. An important turning point in the history of Hebrew translations of classical poetry was the work of Aharon-Armand Kaminka, Shaul Tchernichovsky, and Shlomo Dykman, who promoted the idea of ‘bridging between Athens and Jerusalem’ through translation. As of the mid-1950s, Israeli poetry experienced a radical shift of literary orientations, aesthetic values, and linguistic policies, as can be seen in the translations of the poet-translators Aharon Shabtai, Amir Or, and Shimon Bouzaglo.
Homeric Memory in Israeli and Palestinian Poetry
Authors: Aslah Kawthar , Dorchin Haim
Published: February 2025

This chapter shows how the Palestinian poet, Mahmoud Darwish (1941–2008) and the Israeli poet, Meir Wieseltier (1941–2023), by alluding to Homeric epic, perform acts of poetic disruption that call for a dialogic cultural history. Mahmoud Darwish, known as the poet of the Nakba for his voice in the Palestinian national movement against Israeli occupation, identifies himself as the ‘Trojan poet’. The chapter examines the various ways in which Homeric epic offered Darwish ways of moving beyond the traditional Palestinian national narrative. Wieseltier’s poetry transgresses the conventional poetic boundaries of the Israeli lyric voice. The chapter discusses Wieseltier’s Homeric persona in relation to memory, history, and poetic historiography. A comparative discussion of Wieseltier and Darwish presents them both as poets of the defeated.
‘Because of What Is Frozen’
Authors: Behar Daniel
Published: February 2025

This chapter examines classical references in the poetic works of Israel Pincas (b. 1935), a Jewish-Israeli poet, and Walid Khazendar (b. 1950), a Palestinian poet from Gaza. Both poets turn to the classical for its promise of distance, tenderness, and sobriety, and thus perform a provocative move vis-à-vis the dominant sensibilities in their individual literary milieus. The common denominator for their projects lies in ideas of ‘Mediterraneanism’ that drive a search for transhistorical breadth through affinities with classical antiquity. These affinities come at the expense of what is labelled ‘lyrical’, ‘political’, and ‘national’ in their respective poetic cultures, and redefine the parameters of these categories.
Perseverance and Pertinacity
Authors: Herdt Jennifer A
Published: February 2025

Understanding the virtue of perseverance requires differentiating it from the skill of grit, the vice of pertinacity, and the related virtues of patience and constancy. The key feature of perseverance as persistence in the difficult good is carved out in this chapter through reflection on the pagan and Christian history of reflection on perseverance (with particular attention to the context of martyrdom), Alasdair MacIntyre’s questionable claims about constancy as a peculiarly modern virtue, and about Jane Austen as its exemplar, and Angela Duckworth’s influential popular account of grit. Much as we rightly admire those who develop perseverance in the midst of conditions that most challenge adherence to the good, we must also recognize a responsibility to transform those conditions, recognizing that experiences of trauma, anxiety, and unrelenting stress and precarity systematically undermine the possibility of developing the skill of grit, let alone the virtue of perseverance.