bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First-principles calculations of stability, electronic and elastic properties of the precipitates present in 7055 aluminum alloy
Authors: Huang Cheng , Shao Hongbang , Ma Yunlong , Huang Yuanchun , Xiao Zhengbing
Published: January 2018

The structural stability, electronic structures and elastic properties of the strengthening precipitates, namely Al3Zr, MgZn2, Al2CuMg and Al2Cu, present in 7055 aluminum alloy were investigated by the first-principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT). The optimized structural parameters are in good agreement with literature values available. It is found that Al3Zr has the strongest alloying ability and structural stability, while for MgZn2, its structural stability is the worst. The calculated electronic results indicate that covalent bonding is the dominant cohesion of Al3Zr, whereas the fractional ionic interactions coexisting with metallic bonding are found in MgZn2, Al2CuMg and Al2Cu. The elastic constants C[Formula: see text] of these precipitates were calculated, and the bulk modulus, shear modulus, Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio and universal elastic anisotropy were derived. It is suggested that MgZn2is ductile, whereas Al3Zr, Al2CuMg and Al2Cu are brittle, and the elastic anisotropies of them increase in the following sequence: Al3Zr[Formula: see text]MgZn2[Formula: see text]Al2CuMg[Formula: see text]Al2Cu. The formation of MgZn2and Al3Zr should be promoted by increasing the compositions of Zn and Zr to improve the alloy’s performance further.
Supplier and Customer Involvement in New Product Development Stages: Implications for New Product Innovation Outcomes
Authors: Moon Hakil , Johnson Jean L. , Mariadoss Babu John , Cullen John B.
Published: January 2018

This paper investigates the relationships among supply chain participants’ involvement at various stages of new product development (NPD) and a firm’s innovation outcomes in terms of number of new product introduction and new product radicalness. A total of 107 questionnaires were collected from a cross-sectional survey of NPD managers. Results show significant impacts of suppliers’ and customers’ involvement on the firm innovation outcomes in the various NPD stages. Suppliers’ involvement in the firm NPD process influences negatively or is not related to firm innovation success in the various NPD stages. However, customers’ involvement affects positively or is not related to firm innovation success in the various NPD stages. This indicates that the distinct features of the various NPD stages make customer or supplier involvement more or less appropriate at each stage. Therefore, this paper provides significant managerial implications for supply chain practitioners regarding with whom, when, and how they set up supply chain strategy to improve their innovation performance.
An Equilibrium Capital Asset Pricing Model in Markets with Price Jumps and Price Bubbles
Authors: Jarrow Robert
Published: January 2018

This paper derives an equilibrium capital asset pricing model (CAPM) in a market where asset prices can exhibit price jumps and price bubbles. We derive a generalized intertemporal CAPM and consumption CAPM for these markets. The derived risk-return relation differs from the classical results only in the characterization of the state price density, which depends on the existence of price bubbles, and in the number and quantity of systematic risk factors with nonzero risk premia.
Giant pockmark formation from Cretaceous hydrocarbon expulsion in the western Lower Saxony Basin, The Netherlands
Authors: Strozyk Frank , Reuning Lars , Back Stefan , Kukla Peter
Published: January 2018

A field of giant pockmarks was discovered at the base of the Upper Cretaceous Chalk unit in the westernmost Lower Saxony Basin in The Netherlands. 3D seismic and well data show that mostly circular, 300–850 m-wide and 10–50 m-deep, pockmarks formed at the top of the Lower Cretaceous Upper Holland Marl Formation, which overlies oil- and gas-filled Lower Cretaceous sandstone reservoirs in the vicinity of the study area. Based on our interpretations, we present a scenario of early gas generation in Carboniferous coals and a localized migration of the gas from its original subsalt reservoirs through a salt weld in the Zechstein evaporites into the shallow Cretaceous sandstone reservoirs and the fine-grained marl above. Diapiring salt walls thereby limited the gas migration and trapping to a 150 km
2
-sized basin. A sea-level drawdown during Base Chalk formation possibly led to excess pore pressure in the reservoir and the breaching of the seal close to the seafloor, which caused a short-lived expulsion of the gas and pockmark formation. While hydrocarbon generation, migration and trapping are common processes in this region, gas escaping at the seafloor with pockmark generation appears to be a rather rare and complex phenomenon. In general, the presence of pockmarks associated with salt welds may be used to constrain the timing and migration pathway of hydrocarbons from subsalt into shallower reservoir levels. Both features may imply a general reservoir potential for regions where suitable source rocks are missing in the post-salt succession.
Online Adaptation and Energy Minimization for Hardware Recurrent Spiking Neural Networks
Authors: Liu Yu , Jin Yingyezhe , Li Peng
Published: January 2018

The Liquid State Machine (LSM) is a promising model of recurrent spiking neural networks that provides an appealing brain-inspired computing paradigm for machine-learning applications such as pattern recognition. Moreover, processing information directly on spiking events makes the LSM well suited for cost- and energy-efficient hardware implementation. In this article, we systematically present three techniques for optimizing energy efficiency while maintaining good performance of the proposed LSM neural processors from both an algorithmic and hardware implementation point of view. First, to realize adaptive LSM neural processors, thus boost learning performance, we propose a hardware-friendly Spike-Timing Dependent Plastic (STDP) mechanism for on-chip tuning. Then, the LSM processor incorporates a novel runtime correlation-based neuron gating scheme to minimize the power dissipated by reservoir neurons. Furthermore, an activity-dependent clock gating approach is presented to address the energy inefficiency due to the memory-intensive nature of the proposed neural processors.

Using two different real-world tasks of speech and image recognition to benchmark, we demonstrate that the proposed architecture boosts the average learning performance by up to 2.0% while reducing energy dissipation by up to 29% compared to a baseline LSM with little extra hardware overhead on a Xilinx Virtex-6 FPGA.
On Space Efficiency of Algorithms Working on Structural Decompositions of Graphs
Authors: Pilipczuk Michał , Wrochna Marcin
Published: January 2018

Dynamic programming on path and tree decompositions of graphs is a technique that is ubiquitous in the field of parameterized and exponential-time algorithms. However, one of its drawbacks is that the space usage is exponential in the decomposition’s width. Following the work of Allender et al. [5], we investigate whether this space complexity explosion is unavoidable. Using the idea of reparameterization of Cai and Juedes [18], we prove that the question is closely related to a conjecture that the L
ongest
C
ommon
S
ubsequence
problem parameterized by the number of input strings does not admit an algorithm that simultaneously uses
XP
time and
FPT
space. Moreover, we extend the complexity landscape sketched for pathwidth and treewidth by Allender et al. by considering the parameter
tree-depth
. We prove that computations on tree-depth decompositions correspond to a model of non-deterministic machines that work in polynomial time and logarithmic space, with access to an auxiliary stack of maximum height equal to the decomposition’s depth. Together with the results of Allender et al., this describes a hierarchy of complexity classes for polynomial-time non-deterministic machines with different restrictions on the access to working space, which mirrors the classic relations between treewidth, pathwidth, and tree-depth.
Risk Factors for Depression: An Autobiographical Review
Authors: Hammen Constance
Published: January 2018

I have been given a priceless opportunity to reflect on my career in the remarkably productive field of risk factors for depression. Psychological research on depression exploded in the early years of my work. I try to give an account of the choices and challenges, and reflect on the influences, some calculated and some serendipitous, that determined the paths I have followed. I focus mostly on the robust depression risk factors that have influenced my research, including dysfunctional cognitions, stressful life events and circumstances, parental depression, interpersonal dysfunction, and being female, and I cover some of what I did but also the influential work of others. This is a selective review of depression research in the past 40 or so years, noting some of the big developments that set the stage for the remarkable activity that continues today. In the conclusion, there is a brief statement of aspirations for future developments in our field.
Privacy in Control and Dynamical Systems
Authors: Han Shuo , Pappas George J.
Published: January 2018

Many modern dynamical systems, such as smart grids and traffic networks, rely on user data for efficient operation. These data often contain sensitive information that the participating users do not wish to reveal to the public. One major challenge is to protect the privacy of participating users when utilizing user data. Over the past decade, differential privacy has emerged as a mathematically rigorous approach that provides strong privacy guarantees. In particular, differential privacy has several useful properties, including resistance to both postprocessing and the use of side information by adversaries. Although differential privacy was first proposed for static-database applications, this review focuses on its use in the context of control systems, in which the data under processing often take the form of data streams. Through two major applications—filtering and optimization algorithms—we illustrate the use of mathematical tools from control and optimization to convert a nonprivate algorithm to its private counterpart. These tools also enable us to quantify the trade-offs between privacy and system performance.
Shelf Life of Food Products: From Open Labeling to Real-Time Measurements
Authors: Corradini Maria G.
Published: January 2018

The labels currently used on food and beverage products only provide consumers with a rough guide to their expected shelf lives because they assume that a product only experiences a limited range of predefined handling and storage conditions. These static labels do not take into consideration conditions that might shorten a product's shelf life (such as temperature abuse), which can lead to problems associated with food safety and waste. Advances in shelf-life estimation have the potential to improve the safety, reliability, and sustainability of the food supply. Selection of appropriate kinetic models and data-analysis techniques is essential to predict shelf life, to account for variability in environmental conditions, and to allow real-time monitoring. Novel analytical tools to determine safety and quality attributes in situ coupled with modern tracking technologies and appropriate predictive tools have the potential to provide accurate estimations of the remaining shelf life of a food product in real time. This review summarizes the necessary steps to attain a transition from open labeling to real-time shelf-life measurements.
Conversion of Agricultural Streams and Food-Processing By-Products to Value-Added Compounds Using Filamentous Fungi
Authors: Chan Lauryn G. , Cohen Joshua L. , de Moura Bell Juliana Maria Leite Nobrega
Published: January 2018

The design of new food products and increased agricultural activities have produced a diversity of waste streams or by-products that contain a high load of organic matter. The underutilization of these streams presents a serious threat to the environment and to the financial viability of the agricultural sector and the food industry. Oleaginous microorganisms, such as yeast and microalgae, have been used to convert the organic matter present in many agricultural waste streams into an oil-rich biomass. Filamentous fungi are promising oleaginous microorganisms because of their high lipid accumulation potential and simple biomass recovery, the latter being related to their pellet-like growth morphology in submerged cultivation. This review highlights the use of oleaginous filamentous fungi to convert food by-products into value-added components, including the effect of cultivation conditions on biomass yield and composition. Special attention is given to downstream processing for the commercial production of fungal oil. Also discussed are innovative techniques to optimize the biomass oil yield and to minimize the challenges associated with biomass harvesting and oil extraction at industrial scale.
Guidelines for experimental models of myocardial ischemia and infarction
Authors: Lindsey Merry L. , Bolli Roberto , Canty John M. , Du Xiao-Jun , Frangogiannis Nikolaos G. , Frantz Stefan , Gourdie Robert G. , Holmes Jeffrey W. , Jones Steven P. , Kloner Robert A. , Lefer David J. , Liao Ronglih , Murphy Elizabeth , Ping Peipei , Przyklenk Karin , Recchia Fabio A. , Schwartz Longacre Lisa , Ripplinger Crystal M. , Van Eyk Jennifer E. , Heusch Gerd
Published: January 2018

Myocardial infarction is a prevalent major cardiovascular event that arises from myocardial ischemia with or without reperfusion, and basic and translational research is needed to better understand its underlying mechanisms and consequences for cardiac structure and function. Ischemia underlies a broad range of clinical scenarios ranging from angina to hibernation to permanent occlusion, and while reperfusion is mandatory for salvage from ischemic injury, reperfusion also inflicts injury on its own. In this consensus statement, we present recommendations for animal models of myocardial ischemia and infarction. With increasing awareness of the need for rigor and reproducibility in designing and performing scientific research to ensure validation of results, the goal of this review is to provide best practice information regarding myocardial ischemia-reperfusion and infarction models.

Listen to this article’s corresponding podcast at ajpheart.podbean.com/e/guidelines-for-experimental-models-of-myocardial-ischemia-and-infarction/.
Superoxide inhibition restores endothelium-dependent dilatation in aging arteries by enhancing impaired adherens junctions
Authors: Chang Fumin , Flavahan Sheila , Flavahan Nicholas A.
Published: January 2018

Endothelium-dependent, nitric oxide-mediated dilatation is impaired in aging arteries. The dysfunction reflects increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), is reversed by inhibiting superoxide with superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimics, and is assumed to reflect superoxide-mediated inactivation of nitric oxide. However, the dysfunction also reflects Src-dependent degradation and loss of vascular-endothelial (VE)-cadherin from adherens junctions, resulting in a selective impairment in the ability of the junctions to amplify endothelial dilatation. Experiments therefore tested the hypothesis that SOD mimics might restore endothelial dilation in aging arteries by inhibiting Src and protecting endothelial adherens junctions. Tail arteries from young and aging Fisher 344 rats were processed for functional (pressure myograph), biochemical (immunoblot), and morphological (immunofluorescence) analyses. Cell-permeable SOD mimics [manganese(III) tetrakis(1-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphyrin (MnTMPyP) or tempol] did not affect acetylcholine-induced dilatation in young arteries but increased responses and restored normal dilator function in aging arteries. In aging arteries, MnTMPyP decreased Src activity (immunoblots of Tyr416 phosphorylated compared with total Src), increased the intensity and width of VE-cadherin staining at endothelial junctions, and increased VE-cadherin levels in Triton X-100-insoluble lysates, which represents the junctional protein. Because of aging-induced junctional disruption, inhibiting VE-cadherin clustering at adherens junctions with a function-blocking antibody does not affect acetylcholine-induced dilatation in aging arteries. However, the antibody prevented SOD mimics from restoring acetylcholine-induced dilatation in aging arteries. Therefore, SOD mimics improve impaired adherens junctions in aging endothelium, which is essential for SOD mimics to restore endothelium-dependent dilatation in aging arteries. The results suggest an important new pathological role for ROS in aging endothelium, namely, disruption of adherens junctions.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Aging-induced endothelial dysfunction is reversed by SOD mimics. This study demonstrates that they improve impaired adherens junctions in aging endothelium and that their restoration of endothelial dilatation is dependent on increased junctional activity. The results suggest a novel role for oxygen radicals in vascular aging, namely, disruption of adherens junctions.
Genome-wide survey reveals dynamic effects of folate supplement on DNA methylation and gene expression during C2C12 differentiation
Authors: Li Yi , Feng Qiang , Guo Miao , Wang Yuding , Jiang Yunliang , Xing Jinyi
Published: January 2018

Folic acid supplements taken during pregnancy can prevent neural tube defects and other developmental abnormalities. Here, we explored the effects of folate supplementation on gene expression and DNA methylation during C2C12 differentiation. Based on the folic acid concentration, this study comprised three groups: low folate (L), normal folate (N), and high-folate supplement (H). Our analyses revealed that differentiation and the mRNA expression of the gene myogenin in C2C12 cell were enhanced by folic acid; however, the overall methylation percentage in myogenin promoter between different treatment groups was not significantly different ( P > 0.05). The results of MeDIP-chip showed that hundreds of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were identified between every two groups in both promoter and CpG islands, respectively. Genes with DMRs between N and L groups were mainly enriched in the processes of cell differentiation and cell development, whereas those with DMRs between H and N groups were frequently enriched in cellular process/cycle and cell metabolic processes. In addition, correlation analysis between methylation profile and expression profile revealed that some genes were regulated by methylation status directly. Together, these analyses suggest that folate deficiency and supplementation can influence the differentiation, genome-wide DNA methylation level and the expression of myogenesis-related genes including myogenin in the C2C12 cell line.
Identification of three genetic variants as novel susceptibility loci for body mass index in a Japanese population
Authors: Yasukochi Yoshiki , Sakuma Jun , Takeuchi Ichiro , Kato Kimihiko , Oguri Mitsutoshi , Fujimaki Tetsuo , Horibe Hideki , Yamada Yoshiji
Published: January 2018

Recent genome-wide association studies have identified various obesity or metabolic syndrome (MetS) susceptibility loci. However, most studies were conducted in a cross-sectional manner. To address this gap, we performed a longitudinal exome-wide association study to identify susceptibility loci for obesity and MetS in a Japanese population. We traced clinical data of 6,022 Japanese subjects who had annual health check-ups for several years (mean follow-up period, 5 yr) and genotyped ~244,000 genetic variants. The association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with body mass index (BMI) or the prevalence of obesity and MetS was examined in a generalized estimating equation model. Our longitudinal exome-wide association studies detected 21 BMI- and five MetS-associated SNPs (false discovery rate, FDR <0.01). Among these SNPs, 16 have not been previously implicated as determinants of BMI or MetS. Cross-sectional data for obesity- and MetS-related phenotypes in 7,285 Japanese subjects were examined in a replication study. Among the 16 SNPs, three ( rs9491140 , rs145848316 , and rs7863248 ) were related to BMI in the replication cohort ( P < 0.05). In conclusion, three SNPs [ rs9491140 of NKAIN2 (FDR = 0.003, P = 1.9 × 10−5), rs145848316 of KMT2C (FDR = 0.007, P = 4.5 × 10−5), and rs7863248 of AGTPBP1 (FDR = 0.006, P = 4.2 × 10−5)] were newly identified as susceptibility loci for BMI.
Genetic Ablation of Rbm38 Promotes Lymphomagenesis in the Context of Mutant p53 by Downregulating PTEN
Authors: Zhang Jin , Xu Enshun , Ren Cong , Yang Hee Jung , Zhang Yanhong , Sun Wenqiang , Kong Xiangmudong , Zhang Weici , Chen Mingyi , Huang Eric , Chen Xinbin
Published: January 2018

Mutant p53 exerts gain-of-function effects that drive metastatic progression and therapeutic resistance, but the basis for these effects remain obscure. The RNA binding protein RBM38 limits translation of mutant p53 and is often altered in tumors harboring it. Here we show how loss of Rbm38 significantly alters cancer susceptibility in mutant p53 knock-in mice by shortening lifespan, altering tumor incidence, and promoting T-cell lymphomagenesis. Loss of Rbm38 enhanced mutant p53 expression and decreased expression of the tumor suppressor Pten, a key regulator of T-cell development. Furthermore, Rbm38 was required for Pten expression via stabilization of Pten mRNA through an AU-rich element in its 3′UTR. Our results suggest that Rbm38 controls T-cell lymphomagenesis by jointly modulating mutant p53 and Pten, with possible therapeutic implications for treating T-cell malignancies.

Significance: An RNA-binding protein controls T-cell lymphomagenesis by jointly modulating mutant p53 and PTEN, with possible therapeutic implications for treating T-cell malignancies. Cancer Res; 78(6); 1511–21. ©2018 AACR.
Early Assessment of Lung Cancer Immunotherapy Response via Circulating Tumor DNA
Authors: Goldberg Sarah B. , Narayan Azeet , Kole Adam J. , Decker Roy H. , Teysir Jimmitti , Carriero Nicholas J. , Lee Angela , Nemati Roxanne , Nath Sameer K. , Mane Shrikant M. , Deng Yanhong , Sukumar Nitin , Zelterman Daniel , Boffa Daniel J. , Politi Katerina , Gettinger Scott N. , Wilson Lynn D. , Herbst Roy S. , Patel Abhijit A.
Published: January 2018

Purpose: Decisions to continue or suspend therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors are commonly guided by tumor dynamics seen on serial imaging. However, immunotherapy responses are uniquely challenging to interpret because tumors often shrink slowly or can appear transiently enlarged due to inflammation. We hypothesized that monitoring tumor cell death in real time by quantifying changes in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) levels could enable early assessment of immunotherapy efficacy.

Experimental Design: We compared longitudinal changes in ctDNA levels with changes in radiographic tumor size and with survival outcomes in 28 patients with metastatic non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) receiving immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. CtDNA was quantified by determining the allele fraction of cancer-associated somatic mutations in plasma using a multigene next-generation sequencing assay. We defined a ctDNA response as a >50% decrease in mutant allele fraction from baseline, with a second confirmatory measurement.

Results: Strong agreement was observed between ctDNA response and radiographic response (Cohen's kappa, 0.753). Median time to initial response among patients who achieved responses in both categories was 24.5 days by ctDNA versus 72.5 days by imaging. Time on treatment was significantly longer for ctDNA responders versus nonresponders (median, 205.5 vs. 69 days; P < 0.001). A ctDNA response was associated with superior progression-free survival [hazard ratio (HR), 0.29; 95% CI, 0.09–0.89; P = 0.03], and superior overall survival (HR, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.05–0.62; P = 0.007).

Conclusions: A drop in ctDNA level is an early marker of therapeutic efficacy and predicts prolonged survival in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors for NSCLC. Clin Cancer Res; 24(8); 1872–80. ©2018 AACR.
Evolution of Cytogenetically Normal Acute Myeloid Leukemia During Therapy and Relapse: An Exome Sequencing Study of 50 Patients
Authors: Greif Philipp A. , Hartmann Luise , Vosberg Sebastian , Stief Sophie M. , Mattes Raphael , Hellmann Ines , Metzeler Klaus H. , Herold Tobias , Bamopoulos Stefanos A. , Kerbs Paul , Jurinovic Vindi , Schumacher Daniela , Pastore Friederike , Bräundl Kathrin , Zellmeier Evelyn , Ksienzyk Bianka , Konstandin Nikola P. , Schneider Stephanie , Graf Alexander , Krebs Stefan , Blum Helmut , Neumann Martin , Baldus Claudia D. , Bohlander Stefan K. , Wolf Stephan , Görlich Dennis , Berdel Wolfgang E. , Wörmann Bernhard J. , Hiddemann Wolfgang , Spiekermann Karsten
Published: January 2018

Purpose: To study mechanisms of therapy resistance and disease progression, we analyzed the evolution of cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia (CN-AML) based on somatic alterations.

Experimental Design: We performed exome sequencing of matched diagnosis, remission, and relapse samples from 50 CN-AML patients treated with intensive chemotherapy. Mutation patterns were correlated with clinical parameters.

Results: Evolutionary patterns correlated with clinical outcome. Gain of mutations was associated with late relapse. Alterations of epigenetic regulators were frequently gained at relapse with recurring alterations of KDM6A constituting a mechanism of cytarabine resistance. Low KDM6A expression correlated with adverse clinical outcome, particularly in male patients. At complete remission, persistent mutations representing preleukemic lesions were observed in 48% of patients. The persistence of DNMT3A mutations correlated with shorter time to relapse.

Conclusions: Chemotherapy resistance might be acquired through gain of mutations. Insights into the evolution during therapy and disease progression lay the foundation for tailored approaches to treat or prevent relapse of CN-AML. Clin Cancer Res; 24(7); 1716–26. ©2018 AACR.
Incidence of and Risk Factors for Residual Anastomoses in Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome Treated with Laser Surgery: A 15-Year Single-Center Experience
Authors: Knijnenburg P.J.C. , Slaghekke F. , Tollenaar L.S.A. , van Klink J.M. , Zhao D.P. , Middeldorp J.M. , Haak M.C. , Klumper F.J. , Oepkes D. , Lopriore E.
Published: January 2018

Objectives: To evaluate the incidence of residual anastomoses (RA) after laser therapy for twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTS) and investigate risk factors for incomplete laser surgery. Material and Methods: All available TTS placentas treated with laser at our center between 2002 and 2016 were injected with color dye to assess the presence of RA. We evaluated the incidence of RA over the past 15 years by dividing the cohort into three time periods, and studied the association with risk factors and neonatal outcome. Results: Overall, RA were detected in 21.0% (78/371) of placentas. The incidence of RA decreased from 38.8% (26/67) in the initial period to 11.7% (16/137) in the most recent period (p < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, several risk factors were independently associated with the risk of RA, including Solomon laser technique (odds ratio [OR] 0.17, 95% CI 0.09–0.33) and estimation of surgical success (OR 19.28, 95% CI 8.17–45.49). Premature delivery and neonatal morbidity occurred more often in TTS cases with RA. Conclusions: The incidence of RA after laser therapy for TTS decreased significantly in the past 15 years and is now below 15% due to the use of the Solomon technique.
Valuing Time-Varying Attributes Using the Hedonic Model: When Is a Dynamic Approach Necessary?
Authors: Bishop Kelly C. , Murphy Alvin D.
Published: January 2018

We build on the intuitive (static) modeling framework of Rosen (1974) and specify a simple, forward-looking model of location choice. We use this model, along with a series of graphs, to describe the potential biases associated with the static model and relate these biases to the time series of the amenity of interest. We then derive an adjustment factor that allows the potentially biased static estimates to be converted into forwardlooking estimates. Finally, we illustrate these concepts with two empirical applications: the marginal willingness to pay to avoid violent crime and the marginal willingness to pay to avoid air pollution.
Nomenclatural and morphological novelties in Tovomita laurina (Clusiaceae)
Authors: ENGELS MATHIAS ERICH , MARINHO LUCAS CARDOSO
Published: January 2018

Tovomita Aublet (1775: 956) is a Neotropical genus with ca. 70 spp. Recent discoveries of new taxa displaying peculiarities in the leaves and fruits (Poncy & Offroy, 2006; Marinho et al., 2016) have increased the morphological variation within the genus. The fruits are historically neglected in the taxonomy of the group because most species have a common pattern of fruit morphology (i.e., spheroid or pyriform, smooth epicarp, red mesocarp, and orange aril). In addition, the ovary in Tovomita has four to six locules, but the intraspecific variation in the number of carpels has not been recorded, except for the T. weddelliana Planchon & Triana (1860: 277) species complex. During a field work in Teles Pires River, Mato Grosso state, Brazil, we found a remarkable population of T. laurina Planchon & Triana (1860: 282) that includes individuals with an unusual morphological variation in the fruits: five to seven carpels. Tovomita laurina was described only based on staminate plants, and the pistillate flower and fruits have not yet been described. Thus, we present a description of the reproductive whorls and fruits of T. laurina based on specimens from various locations and pictures of the living plant taken in situ. Additionally, we designate a lectotype and discuss the differences in the number of petals from the original description.
Presence, Mourning, and Beauty: Elements of Analytic Process
Authors: Markman Henry C.
Published: January 2018

Analyst and patient occasionally arrive at moments of heightened meaning and aliveness. These moments can be transformative and lead to psychic change in the patient. They give life and arouse hope, and feel “real” in a new way, though often entailing emotional turbulence. Specific internal work must be done by the analyst to allow for and foster these experiences. This involves a kind of mourning process in the analyst that allows for “presence” and “availability” as described by Gabriel Marcel, and for the “at-one-ment” described by Bion. These transforming moments can be viewed in an aesthetic realm, along the lines of Keats’s “Beauty is truth, truth beauty.” This embodies the analytic value of emotional truth. These moments are shared and their emergence is an intersubjective creation. Clinical illustrations show how the internal work of mourning by the analyst through directed introspection allows for presence and availability, and then for shared moments of beauty with the patient.
The prevalence and burden of mental and substance use disorders in Australia: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015
Authors: Ciobanu Liliana G , Ferrari Alize J , Erskine Holly E , Santomauro Damian F , Charlson Fiona J , Leung Janni , Amare Azmeraw T , Olagunju Andrew T , Whiteford Harvey A , Baune Bernhard T
Published: January 2018

Objectives:

Timely and accurate assessments of disease burden are essential for developing effective national health policies. We used the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 to examine burden due to mental and substance use disorders in Australia.

Methods:

For each of the 20 mental and substance use disorders included in Global Burden of Disease Study 2015, systematic reviews of epidemiological data were conducted, and data modelled using a Bayesian meta-regression tool to produce prevalence estimates by age, sex, geography and year. Prevalence for each disorder was then combined with a disorder-specific disability weight to give years lived with disability, as a measure of non-fatal burden. Fatal burden was measured as years of life lost due to premature mortality which were calculated by combining the number of deaths due to a disorder with the life expectancy remaining at the time of death. Disability-adjusted life years were calculated by summing years lived with disability and years of life lost to give a measure of total burden. Uncertainty was calculated around all burden estimates.

Results:

Mental and substance use disorders were the leading cause of non-fatal burden in Australia in 2015, explaining 24.3% of total years lived with disability, and were the second leading cause of total burden, accounting for 14.6% of total disability-adjusted life years. There was no significant change in the age-standardised disability-adjusted life year rates for mental and substance use disorders from 1990 to 2015.

Conclusion:

Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 found that mental and substance use disorders were leading contributors to disease burden in Australia. Despite several decades of national reform, the burden of mental and substance use disorders remained largely unchanged between 1990 and 2015. To reduce this burden, effective population-level preventions strategies are required in addition to effective interventions of sufficient duration and coverage.
Open Innovation: Research, Practices, and Policies
Authors: Bogers Marcel , Chesbrough Henry , Moedas Carlos
Published: January 2018

Open innovation is now a widely used concept in academia, business, and policy making. This article describes the state of open innovation at the intersection of research, practice, and policy. It discusses some key trends (e.g., digital transformation), challenges (e.g., uncertainty), and potential solutions (e.g., EU funding programs) in the context of open innovation and innovation policy. With this background, the authors introduce select papers published in this Special Section of California Management Review that were originally presented at the second annual World Open Innovation Conference, held in Santa Clara, California, in December of 2015.
Searching for Partners in Open Innovation Settings: How to Overcome the Constraints of Local Search
Authors: Meulman Freek , Reymen Isabelle M. M. J. , Podoynitsyna Ksenia S. , L. Romme A. Georges
Published: January 2018

The search for partners in open innovation settings often consumes substantial time and managerial attention. Yet, organizations tend to get trapped in local search, which typically leads to collaboration with partners already known to them. To improve the search for partners, this article develops a tool that exploits the power of state-of-the-art information technology. In a sample of 33 search queries conducted in six innovation intermediaries, it studies differences between search with and without the use of our tool. The tests confirm the tool’s effectiveness and efficiency, and highlight the importance of searching with keywords that represent the core roles and activities of a firm, next to keywords referring to market and technology characteristics. Network visualization and semantic algorithms thus appear to facilitate the effort to identify distant partners. The article also finds that local partners are not that easy to find as commonly assumed.
Barriers to the Adoption of Wearable Sensors in the Workplace: A Survey of Occupational Safety and Health Professionals
Authors: Schall Mark C. , Sesek Richard F. , Cavuoto Lora A.
Published: January 2018

Objective:

To gather information on the (a) types of wearable sensors, particularly personal activity monitors, currently used by occupational safety and health (OSH) professionals; (b) potential benefits of using such technologies in the workplace; and (c) perceived barriers preventing the widespread adoption of wearable sensors in industry.

Background:

Wearable sensors are increasingly being promoted as a means to improve employee health and well-being, and there is mounting evidence supporting their use as exposure assessment and personal health tools. Despite this, many workplaces have been hesitant to adopt these technologies.

Methods:

An electronic survey was emailed to 28,428 registered members of the American Society of Safety Engineers (ASSE) and 1,302 professionals certified by the Board of Certification in Professional Ergonomics (BCPE).

Results:

A total of 952 valid responses were returned. Over half of respondents described being in favor of using wearable sensors to track OSH-related risk factors and relevant exposure metrics at their respective workplaces. However, barriers including concerns regarding employee privacy/confidentiality of collected data, employee compliance, sensor durability, the cost/benefit ratio of using wearables, and good manufacturing practice requirements were described as challenges precluding adoption.

Conclusion:

The broad adoption of wearable technologies appears to depend largely on the scientific community’s ability to successfully address the identified barriers.

Application:

Investigators may use the information provided to develop research studies that better address OSH practitioner concerns and help technology developers operationalize wearable sensors to improve employee health and well-being.
Who should be responsible for supporting individuals with mental health problems? A critical literature review
Authors: Pope Megan A , Malla Ashok K , Iyer Srividya N
Published: January 2018

Background:

Individuals with mental health problems have many support needs that are often inadequately met; however, perceptions of who should be responsible for meeting these needs have been largely unexplored. Varying perceptions may influence whether, how, and to what extent relevant stakeholders support individuals with mental health problems.

Aims:

To critically evaluate the literature to determine who different stakeholders believe should be responsible for supporting individuals with mental health problems, what factors shape these perceptions, and how they relate to one another.

Method:

A critical literature review was undertaken. Following an extensive literature search, the conceptual contributions of relevant works were critically evaluated. A concept map was created to build a conceptual framework of the topic.

Results:

Views of individual versus societal responsibility for need provision and health; the morality of caring; and attributions of responsibility for mental illness offered valuable understandings of the review questions. Creating a concept map revealed that various interrelated factors may influence perceptions of responsibility.

Conclusions:

Varying perceptions of who should be responsible for supporting individuals with mental health problems may contribute to unmet support needs among this group. Our critical review helps build a much-needed conceptual framework of factors influencing perceptions of responsibility. Such a framework is essential as these views iteratively shape and reflect the complex divisions of mental healthcare roles and responsibilities. Understanding these perceptions can help define relevant stakeholders’ roles more clearly, which can improve mental health services and strengthen stakeholder accountability.
Beyond size: Overcoming fragmentation by inter-municipal associations in Spain? The case of Catalonia
Authors: Pano Puey Esther , Magre Ferran Jaume , Puiggròs Mussons Carla
Published: January 2018

The Spanish local system is characterised by strong fragmentation and a large number of local territorial entities. One of the possible ways of compensating for this small size is through associations of municipalities, which may empower their members to provide better services and may increase their ability to solve problems. However, the size of the municipalities may not be the only important factor. Indeed, other dimensions of size, such as the number of members or the size of the institution as an indicator of the degree of institutionalisation, can be taken into account. In this article, we explore the inter-municipal associations in an area of Spain (Catalonia) in order to identify and analyse the key factors and explanatory variables, and to explore different dimensions of the concept of size.

Points for practitioners

The size of the organisation is an important aspect of inter-municipal associations and it can be influenced by the number of municipalities and the area of cooperation. Upper-level-driven reforms may have a direct impact on the creation of these kinds of entities.
Dysplasia Should Not Be Ignored in Lichenoid Mucositis
Authors: Rock L.D. , Laronde D.M. , Lin I. , Rosin M.P. , Chan B. , Shariati B. , Zhang L.
Published: January 2018

Oral lichen planus is categorized as a potentially malignant condition by the World Health Organization; however, some argue that only lichen planus with dysplasia have malignant potential. Many pathologists call lichen planus with dysplasia “dysplasia with lichenoid mucositis (LM)” or “LM with dysplasia.” Previous research has shown that certain high-risk patterns of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in dysplastic lesions are associated with significantly increased cancer risk. However, LM without dysplasia lacks such molecular patterns, supporting the hypothesis that LM, by itself, is not potentially malignant and that only those with dysplasia have malignant potential. To further investigate the premalignant nature of LM with dysplasia, this study compared the rate of malignant progression of dysplasia with LM with that of dysplasia without LM. Patients from a population-based prospective cohort study with >10 y of follow-up were analyzed. Study eligibility included a histological diagnosis of a primary low-grade dysplasia with or without LM. A total of 446 lesions in 446 patients met the selection criteria; 373 (84%) were classified as dysplasia without LM, while 73 (16%) were classified as dysplasia with LM. Demographic and habit information, clinical information, and outcome (progression) were compared between the 2 groups. Forty-nine of 373 cases of dysplasia (13%) progressed compared to 8% (6/73) of dysplasia with LM. However, the difference was not statistically different ( P = 0.24). The 3- and 5-y rate of progression did not differ between the groups (6.7% and 12.5% for dysplasia without LM and 2.9% and 6.6% for those with LM; P = 0.36). Progression was associated with nonsmoking, location at a high-risk site, and diagnosis of moderate dysplasia regardless of whether LM was present or not. Dysplasia with or without LM had similar cancer risk, and dysplasia should not be discounted in the presence of LM.
Oral Sciences PhD Program Enrollment, Graduates, and Placement: 1994 to 2016
Authors: Herzog C.R. , Berzins D.W. , DenBesten P. , Gregory R.L. , Hargreaves K.M. , Messer R.L.W. , Mina M. , Mooney M.P. , Paine M.L. , Phillips C. , Presland R.B. , Quivey R.G. , Scannapieco F.A. , Sheridan J.F. , Svoboda K.K.H. , Trackman P.C. , Walker M.P. , Walker S.G. , Wang C.Y. , Hu J.C.C.
Published: January 2018

For decades, dental schools in the United States have endured a significant faculty shortage. Studies have determined that the top 2 sources of dental faculty are advanced education programs and private practice. Those who have completed both DDS and PhD training are considered prime candidates for dental faculty positions. However, there is no national database to track those trainees and no evidence to indicate that they entered academia upon graduation. The objective of this study was to assess outcomes of dental school–affiliated oral sciences PhD program enrollment, graduates, and placement between 1994 and 2016. Using the American Dental Association annual survey of advanced dental education programs not accredited by the Commission on Dental Accreditation and data obtained from 22 oral sciences PhD programs, we assessed student demographics, enrollment, graduation, and placement. Based on the data provided by program directors, the average new enrollment was 33, and graduation was 26 per year. A total of 605 graduated; 39 did not complete; and 168 were still in training. Among those 605 graduates, 211 were faculty in U.S. academic institutions, and 77 were faculty in foreign institutions. Given that vacant budgeted full-time faculty positions averaged 257 per year during this period, graduates from those oral sciences PhD programs who entered academia in the United States would have filled 9 (3.6%) vacant faculty positions per year. Therefore, PhD programs have consistently generated only a small pipeline of dental school faculty. Better mentoring to retain talent in academia is necessary. Stronger support and creative funding plans are essential to sustain the PhD program. Furthermore, the oral sciences PhD program database should be established and maintained by dental professional organizations to allow assessments of training models, trends of enrollment, graduation, and placement outcomes.
Funding rebellion
Authors: Walsh James Igoe , Conrad Justin M , Whitaker Beth Elise , Hudak Katelin M
Published: January 2018

We introduce a new dataset measuring if and how rebel groups earn income from the exploitation of natural resources or criminal activities. The Rebel Contraband Dataset makes three contributions to data in this area. First, it covers a wide range of natural resources and types of crime. Second, it measures rebel engagement in these activities over time. Third, it distinguishes among different strategies that rebel groups employ, such as extortion and smuggling. Theory suggests that reliance on natural resource wealth should lead rebels to mistreat civilians, but cross-group research using existing data does not find support for this relationship. We replicate an earlier study using data from the Rebel Contraband Dataset and conclude that there is a consistent relationship between natural resource exploitation and civilian victimization. Future research can use the dataset to explore questions about the onset, location, severity, and outcomes of civil conflicts.
Investigating the Role of Social Status in Teacher Collaborative Groups
Authors: Sutton Paul S. , Shouse Andrew W.
Published: January 2018

In collaborative groups, teachers negotiate the tension between working as a cohesive group and confronting differences of opinion and practice. Varied status between teachers can complicate their ability to accomplish the goals of collaboration. In this case study, we describe how a group of secondary English teachers redesigned curriculum and explain how status shaped their collaborative practice. We use positioning theory to examine how teachers managed variable status to maintain a collaborative group process. Findings suggest the high-status teacher shaped inclusive collaborative routines that afforded novice teachers the space to initiate discussions focused on problems of practice.