bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unsettled and unsettling landscapes: Exchanges by Jones, Read and Wylie about living with rivers and flooding, watery landscapes in an era of climate change
Authors: Jones Owain , Read Simon , Wylie John
Published: June 2013

This experimental article seeks to bring new approaches to landscape emerging in cultural geography into conversation with arts and humanities practice and scholarship which are focusing on matters of community, landscape and environment, and particularly vulnerable, watery landscapes. These approaches raise a whole host of questions about how changing and at-risk-landscapes are imagined, studied and lived in. In particular I (Jones) seek to bring the work of cultural geographer John Wylie into conversation with the work of the artist/academic Simon Read, with the purpose of asking; how might landscapes and lives within them be considered as settled, unsettled and/or unsettling? These notions of settling/unsettling offer purchase on various fraught questions about how we (individuals and communities) live with nature in place and landscape. Wylie’s work can be seen as an attempt to develop a practice- and performative-based post-phenomenological account of practiced landscape in which they are woven not only from presences (the dominant view), but also absences and exiles, and tensions between (fragmented) self and landscape, and more besides. Simon Read’s art practice and research seeks to map possible futures of vulnerable coastlines in relation to communities and landscape management plans. Ideas of temporal ecologies of place/landscape are opened up, which show that much of what makes a landscape what it is at any given moment is absent from the present moment and its condition. Landscape is process, and thus it is not, and cannot be seen as just in the here and now. It is a manifestation of on-going processes with the legacies of the past in place and also processes of possible futures, including the uncertainties of climate change.
DC–DC Type High-Frequency Link DC for Improved Power Quality of Cascaded Multilevel Inverter
Authors: Sadikin Muhammad , Senjyu Tomonobu , Yona Atsushi
Published: June 2013

Multilevel inverters are emerging as a new breed of power converter options for power system applications. Recent advances in power switching devices enabled the suitability of multilevel inverters for high voltage and high power applications because they are connecting several devices in series without the need of component matching. Usually, a transformerless battery energy storage system, based on a cascaded multilevel inverter, is used as a measure for voltage and frequency deviations. System can be reduced in size, weight, and cost of energy storage system. High-frequency link circuit topology is advantageous in realizing compact and light-weight power converters for uninterruptible power supply systems, new energy systems using photovoltaic-cells, fuel-cells and so on. This paper presents a DC–DC type high-frequency link DC (HFLDC) cascaded multilevel inverter. Each converter cell is implemented a control strategy for two H-bridge inverters that are controlled with the same multicarrier pulse width modulation (PWM) technique. The proposed cascaded multilevel inverter generates lower voltage total harmonic distortion (THD) in comparison with conventional cascaded multilevel inverter. Digital simulations are carried out using PSCAD/EMTDC to validate the performance of the proposed cascaded multilevel inverter.
Combining Mobile Devices and Medical Workstations for Diagnostic Reading of Medical Images
Authors: Ritter Felix , Al Issawi Jumana , Harz Markus , Benten Simon , Schilling Kathy J.
Published: June 2013

We propose a new concept for the combination of mobile multi-touch devices and diagnostic reading workstations to provide a workstation-grade reading experience of medical images with mobile devices. The patient-centric, workflow-oriented design links a mobile touch-device with dedicated diagnostic monitors and adapts the behavior and the presented content of the mobile device depending on the location and access permission level of the user. The design is based on a breast MRI reading system, exploring the suitability of touch interaction for diagnostic reading of MRI patient cases. We discuss the benefits for radiologist as well as possible challenges. Furthermore, we will describe the results of an informal evaluation of the prototype and a formal evaluation of the speed and precision of the indirect multi-touch gesture for measuring objects in image data.
Entwicklung mobiler Anwendungen für nutzergeneriertes Wissen in der ärztlichen Weiterbildung
Authors: Novak Jasminko , Schröder Svenja , Böckle Martin , Verheyen Per , Ziebarth Sabrina , Hoppe H. Ulrich , Kötteritzsch Anna , Ziegler Jürgen , Heintze MPH Christoph
Published: June 2013

Dieser Beitrag diskutiert mobile Anwendungen zur Erstellung nutzergenerierter Wissensobjekte für die Förderung des Wissensaustauschs in der ärztlichen Weiterbildung und präsentiert erste Ergebnisse eines Verbundvorhabens, in dem Anwendungen für diesen Bereich entwickelt werden. Der Fokus liegt auf einer multimodalen Lösung, die verschiedene mobile Interaktionstechnologien (Tablets, Smartphones, Smartpens), Medienformen und Nutzungsmodalitäten (mobil, stationär) kombiniert, um den Besonderheiten der Anwendungsdomäne (hohe Mobilität, wechselnde Nutzungskontexte, zeitliche Knappheit) gerecht zu werden. Die durchgeführten Untersuchungen deuten darauf hin, dass sowohl die Multimodalität als auch die angewandte Methodik, die ein nutzerorientiertes mit einem technologieorientierten Vorgehen kombiniert, wichtige Anforderungen für diese Domäne und vergleichbare Kontexte darstellen können.
Konzeption und Evaluation des Merkmals „Extraversion“ bei einem Shoppingroboter
Authors: Ludewig Yvonne , Döring Nicola , Bley Andreas
Published: June 2013

Ein Serviceroboter soll nützliche Funktionen anbieten, gut bedienbar sein und als sozialer Akteur ein freundliches und entgegenkommendes Verhalten gegenüber Nutzerinnen und Nutzern an den Tag legen. Der vorliegende Beitrag widmet sich den letztgenannten sozio-emotionalen Anforderungen. Einem marktreifen Shoppingroboter wurde auf der Basis des aktuellen Forschungsstandes eine extravertierte Persönlichkeit verliehen mit der Erwartung, dass sich dadurch die soziale Akzeptanz des Roboters verbessert. Anhand einer experimentellen Feldstudie (n = 194 Versuchspersonen) in einem Baumarkt konnte die Optimierung bestätigt werden: Der extravertiert gestaltete Shoppingroboter wurde im Vergleich zum herkömmlichen Roboter als extravertierter wahrgenommen. Zudem zeigten die Nutzerinnen und Nutzer gegenüber dem extravertierten Shoppingroboter eine höhere soziale Akzeptanz als gegenüber dem herkömmlichen Shoppingroboter.
Prototypen auf dem Prüfstand. Bedeutsamkeit der Repräsentationsform im Rahmen der Konzeptevaluation
Authors: Diefenbach Sarah , Chien Wei-Chi , Lenz Eva , Hassenzahl Marc
Published: June 2013

Prototyping ermöglicht es bereits in frühen Phasen des Produktentwicklungszyklus Rückmeldung zu Konzeptideen und verschiedenen Varianten der Ausgestaltung einzuholen. Voraussetzung für hilfreiche Einsichten durch Evaluationsstudien ist allerdings die Angemessenheit der Konzeptrepräsentation. Wird die Konzeptidee durch die gewählte Art der Darstellung unzureichend vermittelt, können Studienteilnehmer kein sinnvolles Feedback liefern und Evaluationsergebnisse werden wohlmöglich verfälscht. Die vorliegende Studie exploriert die Auswirkungen der Konzeptrepräsentation anhand der vergleichenden Evaluation eines Produktkonzepts in fünf Repräsentationsformen unterschiedlicher Reichhaltigkeit. Neben Effekten für Konzeptverständnis und Konzeptbeurteilung wurde auch die erlebte Wirkung der Darstellung hinsichtlich Effektivität, Emotionalität und Motivationspotential untersucht. Die Studienergebnisse zeigen, dass auch reduzierte Darstellungsformen bereits umfangreiche Einsichten in das Potential eines Konzepts ermöglichen und hinsichtlich bestimmter Fragestellungen sogar besonders geeignet sein können. Allgemeine Ableitungen zur Auswahl geeigneter Formen der Konzeptrepräsentation werden diskutiert.
Crystal structure of di(pyrazin-2-yl)sulfane, C8H6N4S
Authors: Jia Xiao Chun , Chen Chun , Li Xiang , Zhang Bin , Yu Yan Yan
Published: June 2013

C8H6N4S, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 3.9096(7) Å, b = 20.518(4) Å, c = 10.628(2) Å, β = 98.402(3)°, V = 843.4Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0395, wRref(F2) = 0.1094, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of tris(4-(pyridin-4-yl)phenyl)amine, dihydrate, (C33H24N4)·2(H2O), C33H28N4O2
Authors: Cao Lei , Zhou Le , Kang Guo-Hui , Ruan Chuan-Sheng , Ji Bao-Ming
Published: June 2013

C33H28N4O2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 10.263(8) Å, b = 23.48(2) Å, c = 12.28(1) Å, β = 114.498(9)°, V = 2692.9 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0451, wRref(F2) = 0.1189, T = 296 K.
Crystal structure of (E)-ethyl 2-(2-(2-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)hydrazono)-2- phenylethyl)-2,5-dimethyl-7-phenylbenzo[d][1,3]dioxole-4-carboxylate, C32H27N4O8
Authors: Wang Qiang , Fan Yunchang , Feng Lin , Li Yun
Published: June 2013

C32H27N4O8, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 10.085(2) Å, b = 11.302(2) Å, c = 13.269(3) Å, α = 80.76(3)°, β = 78.81(3)°, γ = 82.30(3)°, V = 1456.1 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0691, wRref(F2) = 0.1756, T = 293 K.
Associação entre caracteres e análise de trilha na seleção de progênies de meios-irmãos de Brachiaria ruziziensis
Authors: Borges Vanderley , Sobrinho Fausto Souza , Lédo Francisco José da Silva , Kopp Maurício Marini
Published: June 2013

Associação alta entre peso de massa seca e peso de massa verde pode facilitar a seleção antecipada de genótipos superiores de B. ruziziensis. Objetivou-se neste estudo verificar as associações entre características morfo-agronômicas na seleção de genótipos de B. ruziziensis. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos completos casualizados com duas repetições. Foram avaliadas as características altura e vigor das plantas, peso de massa verde e porcentagem de matéria seca da planta inteira, do caule e da folha, peso de massa seca da forragem total, de caule, e de folha e, relação entre produtividade de folha e caule de massa verde. As análises consistiram da estimação das correlações simples entre os caracteres e da análise de trilha considerando o peso de massa seca total como variável básica e as demais explicativas. Correlações mais elevadas foram observadas entre peso de massa seca e peso de massa verde, peso seco de caule e peso de massa verde e, peso seco de folhas e peso de massa verde. Pelos coeficientes de trilha, verificou-se que os efeitos diretos das diferentes variáveis explicativas sobre o peso de massa seca foram, em sua maioria, baixos. Os efeitos diretos mais relevantes sobre o peso de massa seca foram verificados via peso de massa verde, peso seco de caule e peso seco de folhas, indicando que o peso de massa verde viabiliza a seleção indireta para peso de massa seca.
Matéria e nutrientes da parte aérea de adubos verdes em cultivos exclusivo e consorciado
Authors: Rodrigues Graciela Bassan , Sá Marco Eustáquio de , Valério Filho Walter Veriano , Buzetti Salatier , Bertolin Danila Comelis , Pina Ticiana Petean
Published: June 2013

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar os efeitos de diferentes coberturas do solo utilizando leguminosas (guandu, crotalária juncea, feijão-de-porco e mucuna-preta) e uma gramínea (milheto) isolada e em consórcio leguminosa/gramínea e uma área de pousio, sobre a produção de matéria, nos teores e no acúmulo de nutrientes. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o de blocos casualizados, com 10 tratamentos (guandu, crotalária, feijão-de-porco, mucuna-preta, milheto, guandu + milheto, crotalária + miheto, feijão-de-porco + milheto, mucuna-preta + milheto e uma área de pousio) e oito repetições. O experimento foi conduzido, no ano agrícola 2006/07, na área experimental da UNESP - Campus de Ilha Solteira, localizada no município de Selvíria-MS, em solo anteriormente ocupado por vegetação de cerrado. A produção de matéria fresca e seca das plantas e os teores e acúmulo de nutrientes das plantas de cobertura foram obtidos por meio da coleta de oito amostras aleatórias de cada planta . Verificou-se que ocorreram diferenças significativas entre as espécies tanto isoladamente como em consórcio em cada unidade experimental. A combinação que proporcionou maiores resultados para a matéria seca foi mucuna + milheto, seguida de crotalária + milheto com 23,3 e 14,8 t ha-1 respectivamente. Para acúmulo de nitrogênio foram obtidos os valores máximos de 35,1 e 31,0 g kg-1 para mucuna e o feijão-de-porco e para fósforo 3,0; 2,7 e 2,5 g kg-1 para feijão-de-porco, guandu e mucuna, evidenciando o potencial das culturas consorciadas com milheto e da mucuna, feijão-de-porco e guandu para utilização como espécies de cobertura.
Growth and nutrient uptake of coffee seedlings cultivated in nutrient solution with and without silicon addition
Authors: Cunha Ana Catarina Monteiro Carvalho Mori da , Oliveira Mila Liparize de , Caballero Enrique Combatt , Martinez Hermínia Emília Prieto , Fontes Paulo Cézar Rezende , Pereira Paulo Roberto Gomes
Published: June 2013

In recent years, the application of silicon (Si) in crops, including coffee, has become a common practice. The objective of this study was to assess the silicon uptake by coffee seedlings and its effects on plant growth, water and macro and micronutrient uptake. The research was conducted using nutrient solution in a greenhouse at the Departamento de Fitotecnia da Universidade Federal de Viçosa, in a completely randomized design with two treatments (with and without silicon) and three replications. Each plot consisted of three plants grown in a 800 mL vessel containing the treatment solutions. At every three days, water consumption, the concentration of OH - and the depletion of Si and K were assessed in the nutrient solutions. After 33 days, the plants were assessed with regard to their fresh and dry weight of leaves, roots and stem, shoot height and total length of the plant (shoot and root). Number of leaves and internodes, and the content and accumulation of silicon, macro, and micronutrients were also determined. The consumption of water, the amount of potassium uptake and, biomass accumulation were greater in plants grown in solution without silicon addition. However, the concentration of OH- in the solution and the amount of silicon uptake were greater in plants grown in solution with added silicon. Silicon accumulation was greater in leaves than in stem and roots. Silicon decreased coffee plant accumulation of phosphorus, potassium, calcium, zinc, copper and iron.
Availability of heavy metals in contaminated soil evidenced by chemical extractants
Authors: Silva Maria Ligia de Souza , Levy Camila de Carvalho Braga , Vitti Godofredo Cesar
Published: June 2013

Heavy metals have been accumulating in Brazilian soils, due to natural processes, such as atmospheric deposition, or human industrial activities. For certain heavy metals, when in high concentrations in the soil, there is no specific extractant to determine the availability of these elements in the soil. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the availability of Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn for rice and soybeans, using different chemical extractants. In this study we used seven soil samples with different levels of contamination, in completely randomized experimental design with four replications. We determined the available concentrations of Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn extracted by Mehlich-1, HCl 0.1 mol L-1, DTPA, and organic acid extractants and the contents in rice and soybeans, which extracts were analyzed by ICP-OES. It was observed that Mehlich-1, HCl 0.1 mol L-1 and DTPA extractants were effective to assess the availability of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn for rice and soybeans. However, the same was not observed for the organic acid extractant.
Ticks infesting birds in Atlantic Forest fragments in Rio Claro, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Sanches Gustavo Seron , Martins Thiago Fernandes , Lopes Ileyne Tenório , Costa Luís Flávio da Silva , Nunes Pablo Henrique , Camargo-Mathias Maria Izabel , Labruna Marcelo Bahia
Published: June 2013

In the present study, we report tick infestations on wild birds in plots of the Atlantic Forest reforested fragments with native species and plots reforested with Eucalyptus tereticornis in the municipality of Rio Claro, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. A total of 256 birds were captured: 137 individuals of 33 species, in planted native forest; and 128 individuals of 37 species, in planted Eucalyptus tereticornis forest. Nymphs of two tick species were found on the birds: Amblyomma calcaratumand Amblyomma longirostre, the former was more abundant in the fragments reforested with Atlantic forest native species, and the latter in the fragment reforested with E. tereticornis. New host records were presented for A. calcaratum.
Neospora caninum: evaluation of vertical transmission in slaughtered dairy cows (Bos taurus)
Authors: Macedo César Augusto Barbosa de , Macedo Madlaine Frigo Silveira Barbosa de , Cardim Sergio Tosi , Paiva Milaine Cristiane Dantas Custódio , Taroda Alessandra , Barros Luiz Daniel , Cunha Ivo Alexandre Leme da , Zulpo Dauton Luiz , Garcia João Luis
Published: June 2013

Neospora caninum is a worldwide parasite recognized as one of the main parasites responsible for abortion in cattle. The objective of this study was to evaluate vertical transmission of N. caninum in dairy cows (Bos taurus) that were slaughtered at an abattoir in the state of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. Blood samples (with and without EDTA) from 60 pregnant dairy cows and blood and tissue samples (brain, lung, heart and liver) from their fetuses were collected and used for PCR and serological evaluation. Blood samples from 60 non-pregnant cows were collected and used to detect antibodies. Anti-N. caninum antibodies were detected by indirect ELISA. Antibodies against N. caninum were observed in 41.6% (25∕60) of the pregnant cows and in 43.3% (26∕60) of the non-pregnant cows. Antibodies against the parasite were detected in sera from three fetuses (5.5%). PCR analysis revealed that 3.3% (2∕60) of the cows and 6.6% (4∕60) of the fetuses evaluated were positive for specific N. caninum primers. These positive fetuses were between 4-6 months of age. Therefore, considering PCR and serological tests to be indicative of vertical transmission in fetuses, 11.6% (7∕60) of the fetuses were infected by N. caninum during gestation.
Anatomopathological study of parrot pufferfishColomesus psittacus parasitized by the aspidogastreanRohdella sp.
Authors: Silva Michele Velasco Oliveira da , Videira Marcela Nunes , Tortelly Rogério , Clemente Sérgio Carmona de São , Menezes Rodrigo Caldas , Matos Edilson Rodrigues
Published: June 2013

Aspidogastrea are globally-distributed parasites of the class Trematoda, which have been described as pathogens of a range of aquatic organisms, in marine and freshwater environments. The principal morphological characteristic of the group is an adhesive ventral disc, which is responsible for fixing the parasite to the host organism. In this study, 112 specimens ofColomesus psittacus from the municipality of Cametá, in the state of Pará (Brazil), were necropsied. Platyhelminthes of the genus Rohdella attached to the mucous membrane of the fish's intestine by the adhesive disc were observed. Fragments of parasitized tissue were fixed in Davidson solution and then processed and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Other fragments were fixed in glutaraldehyde, processed and observed under a scanning electron microscope. The prevalence of the parasite was 76.4%, mean intensity of infection was 8.0 and mean abundance was 6.2. The parasitism provoked chronic enteritis with diffused inflammatory infiltration. The adherence of the parasite to the mucous membrane of the intestine resulted in strangulation and hyperplasia of the region, as well as causing hypertrophy of the muscle of the mucous membrane. The present study describes the anatomopathological and ultrastructural aspects of the parasitism of the intestine of C. psittacus byRohdella sp.
Seroepidemiological aspects ofLeishmania spp. in dogs in the Itaguai micro-region, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Silva Claudia Bezerra da , Vilela Joice Aparecida Rezende , Pires Marcus Sandes , Santos Huarrisson Azevedo , Falqueto Aline , Peixoto Maristela Peckle , Oliveira Thais de Andrade , Santos Fernanda Nunes , Silva Valmir Laurentino , Sanavria Argemiro , Massard Carlos Luiz
Published: June 2013

This study evaluated factors associated with the frequency ofLeishmania spp. antibodies in dogs residing in the Itaguai micro-region, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Blood samples were collected from 524 dogs. The serum samples were submitted to indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) forLeishmania spp. The frequency of seropositive dogs was 28.24% (n = 148) in the micro-region, and among the three municipalities within that region, the highest frequency (p < 0.05) was observed in Seropedica (59.46%), followed by Itaguai (29.05%) and Mangaratiba (11.49%). Regarding factors associated with the host, mongrel dogs and those over the age of two presented higher frequency of antibodies to Leishmaniaspp. (p < 0.05). Concerning factors related to the environment and habits of the animal, dogs residing in rural areas (FR = 1.67, p = 0.0002), living outside the residence (FR = 1.42, p = 0.0197), with access to forest, streams and pastures (FR = 2.81, p = 0.0007), remaining loose (FR = 1.66, p = 0.0073), and those that had no shelter (FR = 2.16, p < 0.0001) were more likely to be seropositive. Canine leishmaniasis is a disease with high occurrence in the Itaguai micro-region, and aspects such as the definition of breed, age, habits and care by owners showed significant association in this micro-region.
Sphincterodiplostomum musculosum (Digenea, Diplostomidae) infecting Steindachnerina insculpta(Characiformes, Curimatidae) in the Chavantes Reservoir, Southeastern Brazil
Authors: Zago Aline Cristina , Franceschini Lidiane , Ramos Igor Paiva , Zica Érica de Oliveira Penha , Wunderlich Alison Carlos , Carvalho Edmir Daniel , Silva Reinaldo José da
Published: June 2013

This study aimed to report the infection bySphincterodiplostomum musculosum metacercariae inSteindachnerina insculpta from the Chavantes Reservoir, medium Paranapanema River, municipality of Ipaussu, State of São Paulo, Brazil. Thirty specimens of S. insculpta were collected and 29 were infected with S. musculosum metacercariae (prevalence = 96.67%) in the eyes and visceral cavity. The mean intensity of infection and abundance were 96.6 ± 29.41 (7-846) and 93.3 ± 28.6 (0-846), respectively. Positive correlation was observed between parasite abundance in the eyes and standard length (rs = 0.5, p = 0.005), total weight (rs = 0.649, p = 0.0001), and condition factor (rs = 0.439, p = 0.0154). The high parasitism rates by S. musculosummetacercariae in S. insculpta can be an indicative that this fish species is highly susceptible to infection by this diplostomid, and even reflect the presence of a large abundance of the intermediate host. Moreover,S. musculosum metacercariae are reported for the first time in S. insculpta.
Serosurvey of tick-borne pathogens in dogs from urban and rural areas from Parana State, Brazil
Authors: Vieira Thállitha Samih Wischral Jayme , Vieira Rafael Felipe da Costa , Nascimento Denise Amaral Gomes do , Tamekuni Kátia , Toledo Roberta dos Santos , Chandrashekar Ramaswamy , Marcondes Mary , Biondo Alexander Welker , Vidotto Odilon
Published: June 2013

Considering the zoonotic potential of tick-borne disease (TBD) agents and the fact that dogs may act as sentinels for human infection, the aim of the present study was to determine the seroprevalence of TBD agents and risk factors for exposure in two different canine populations from Parana State, Southern Brazil. A total of 138 dog serum samples from urban (UA) (n=68) and rural (RA) (n=70) areas were tested with commercial ELISA rapid test forAnaplasma phagocytophilum, Ehrlichia canisand Borrelia burgdorferi antibodies and indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFAT) for Babesia vogeli. An overall of 92∕138 (66.7%) dogs, being 62∕68 (91.2%) from UA and 30∕70 (42.9%) from RA, were seropositive for at least one TBD agent. From the total number of dogs, sixty-two were positive for E. canis (44.9%), 19 (13.8%) for A. phagocytophilum, and 64 (46.4%) for B. vogeli. Anti-B. burgdorferi antibodies were not detected. Dogs from UA showed a higher percentage of tick infestation (p = 0.0135) and were highly associated with seropositivity to E. canis (p = 0.000005), A. phagocytophilum (p = 0.0001), and B. vogeli (p = 0.0012). In summary, the findings indicate that dogs from urban areas present higher potential risk exposure to TBD pathogens than those from rural areas.
Environmentally associated ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
Authors: Garcia Marcos Valério , Silva Dayana Campelo da , Almeida Robson Ferreira Cavalcante de , Cunha Rodrigo Casquero , Matias Jaqueline , Barros Jacqueline Cavalcante , Andreotti Renato , Szabó Matias Pablo Juan
Published: June 2013

Herein, we report tick species found on wild and domestic animals and in the environment during a one-year sampling period at the Brazilian Farming Research Company beef cattle unit (Embrapa Beef Cattle), which is located within the urban area of Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. From 55 wild hosts including six different species (Nasua nasua, Cebus spp., Cerdocyon thous,Myrmecophaga tridactyla, Tamandua tetradactyla and Dasyprocta aguti), 323 ticks were collected. Amblyomma ovale ticks were found solely on coatis, and Amblyomma nodosum was identified solely on anteaters. No ticks were found on capuchin monkeys. However, Amblyomma cajennense was found on all parasitized host species with the exception of capuchin monkeys. Giant anteaters displayed the highest infestation abundance, with a mean of 53 ticks∕animal. Environmental sampling yielded 166 adult A. cajennense ticks. The tick species found on domestic animals (Rhipicephalus(Boophilus) microplus,R. sanguineus, Dermacentor nitens andA. cajennense) were those typically found on these hosts in Brazil. The most prevalent tick species, A. cajennense, was found on both wild and domestic animals and was also prevalent in the environment. Thus, this tick species is the primary vector that allows pathogens to bridge wild and domestic animals in the Cerrado.
Detection of genetic diversity of Anaplasma marginale isolates in Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Pohl Anna Elisabeth , Cabezas-Cruz Alejandro , Ribeiro Múcio Flávio Barbosa , Silveira Júlia Angélica Gonçalves da , Silaghi Cornelia , Pfister Kurt , Passos Lygia Maria Friche
Published: June 2013

Bovine anaplasmosis, caused by the tick-borne rickettsiaAnaplasma marginale, is endemic in tropical and subtropical regions of the world and results in economic losses in the cattle industry. Major surface proteins (MSPs) have been used as markers for the genetic characterization of A. marginale strains and demonstrate that many isolates may occur in a given geographic area. However, in Brazil, little is known about the genetic diversity of A. marginale isolates within individual herds. This study was designed to examine the genetic variation among A. marginale infecting calves in a farm in the south of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Blood samples collected from 100 calves were used to prepare Giemsastained smears that were microscopically examined for the presence of A. marginale. From each blood sample, DNA was extracted and analyzed by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followed by sequencing to determine diversity among the isolates. Examination of blood smears showed that 48% of the calves were infected with A. marginale, while the real-time PCR detected 70.2% positivity. Congenital infections were found in four calves. The microsatellite and tandem repeat analyses showed high genetic diversity among the isolates.
Proteolytic action of the crude extract ofDuddingtonia flagrans on cyathostomins (Nematoda: Cyathostominae) in coprocultures
Authors: Braga Fabio Ribeiro , Araújo Jackson Victor de , Soares Filippe Elias de Freitas , Araujo Juliana Milani , Ferreira Sebastião Rodrigo , Tavela Alexandre de Oliveira , Silveira Wendeo Ferreira da , Queiroz José Humberto de
Published: June 2013

The objective of this study was to examine the action of the crude extract of Duddingtonia flagrans (isolates AC001 and CG722) on infective larvae (L3) of cyathostomins in coprocultures and to confirm its proteolytic activity by means of a zymogram. The following groups were formed in coprocultures: Group 1: 10 mL of crude extract of D. flagrans (AC001); group 2: 10 mL of crude extract of AC001 with 10 mM of Ca2+; group 3: 10 mL of crude extract of D. flagrans (CG722); group 4: 10 mL of crude extract of CG722 with 10 mM of Ca2+; and group 5: control group (distilled water). The third-stage larvae (L3) were obtained after eight days. The crude extract of D. flagrans was effective in reducing the number of L3, with the following percentage reductions: group 1, 49.5%; group 2, 52.5%; group 3, 36.8%; and group 4, 57.7%; in relation to the control group (p > 0.05). The proteolytic activity of the crude extract was confirmed through the zymogram. The results from this study confirmed that the crude extract of the fungusD. flagrans could be used for controlling cyathostomin L3, and suggested that at least one protease of approximately 38 kDa was present.
First report of interaction of nematophagous fungi onLibyostrongylus douglassii (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae)
Authors: Braga Fabio Ribeiro , Araújo Jackson Victor , Tavela Alexandre de Oliveira , Vilela Vinicius Longo Ribeiro , Soares Filippe Elias de Freitas , Araujo Juliana Milani , Magalhães Layane Queiroz , Silveira Wendeo Ferreira da , Feitosa Thais Ferreira , Dantas Elaine Silva , Atahyde Ana Célia Rodrigues
Published: June 2013

Libyostrongylus douglassii is a gastrointestinal nematode parasite of ostriches that can cause up to 50% mortality in young birds. The objective of this study was to compare the predatory capacity of two isolates of the predatory fungi Duddingtonia flagrans(AC001 and CG722 isolates) and one of Arthrobotrys cladodes (CG719) on infective larvae (L3) of L. douglassii under laboratory conditions, in 2% water-agar medium. The results showed that the fungi tested were effective in preying upon the L3 of L. douglassii (P < 0.05), compared with the control group. However, there was no difference in predatory capacity between the fungi tested (P > 0.05) during the seven days of experimental testing. In comparison with the control, without fungus, there were significant decreases (P < 0.05) of 85.2% (AC001), 81.2% (CG722) and 89.2% (CG719) in the average numbers of L3 of L. douglassii recovered from treatments with the isolates tested. In the present study, the three isolates of the predatory fungi D. flagrans (AC001 and CG722) andA. cladodes (CG719) were efficient at in vitro destruction of the L3 of L. douglassii.
Acaricidal efficacy of topical formulation of fipronil in naturally infested dogs in Amazonic region, Brazil
Authors: Fischer Viviane Labs , Heidmann Maycon Junior , Faria Eduardo Ferreira , Rizzi Vanessa Garcia , Bragaglia Gabrielle Nellis , Nascimento Cristiano Grisi do , Castro Bruno Gomes de
Published: June 2013

This study was conducted to show the effectiveness of a novel formulation of fipronil in a spot-on formulation for the therapeutic and preventive control of Rhipicephalus sanguineus in naturally infested dogs. Ticks on all dogs were counted at the moment of treatment and weekly after treatment (therapeutic efficacy) or infestation (preventive efficacy). The profile of the therapeutic efficacy forRhipicephalus sanguineus suggested that the formulation was able to control the Ixodid species for at least 42 days after the treatment.
Detection of anti-Toxoplasma gondiiantibodies in carthorses in the metropolitan region of Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
Authors: Finger Mariane Angélica , Villalobos Eliana Monteforte Cassaro , Lara Maria do Carmo Custódio de Souza Hunold , Cunha Elenice Maria Sequetin , Barros Filho Ivan Roque de , Deconto Ivan , Dornbusch Peterson Triches , Ullmann Leila Sabrina , Biondo Alexander Welker
Published: June 2013

Toxoplasma gondii, the agent for toxoplasmosis, has worldwide distribution. Horses normally play a secondary role in its life cycle, but movement around urban areas, feeding on grass and the increasing use of carthorses for gathering recyclable material in some urban areas of Brazil may increase their exposure to T. gondii infection. The aim of the present study was to investigate the frequency of anti-T. gondii antibodies in carthorses in the metropolitan region of Curitiba, PR. IgG antibodies against T. gondii were detected using the indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT) (titers ≥ 64). Seventeen (17.0%) of the 100 horses sampled were seropositive. There were no statistical differences in relation to sex (p = 0.28) or age (p = 0.15). Our findings suggest that carthorses are exposed to T. gondii infections and that no associations with age or sex exist.
First report of Trypanosoma cruziinfection in naturally infected dogs from southern Bahia, Brazil
Authors: Leça Júnior Nilo Fernandes , Almeida Valter dos Anjos , Carvalho Fábio Santos , Albuquerque George Rego , Silva Fabiana Lessa
Published: June 2013

In order to verify the Trypanosoma cruzi infection in domestic domiciled dogs in a rural endemic area from the south region of the State of Bahia, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) were performed using S35 and S36 primers in 272 dogs living in the district of Vila Operaria, in the municipality of Buerarema. All animals were clinically evaluated; 2.5 mL of blood were collected through venipuncture for the performance of molecular tests. None of these animals showed clinical signs of the illness and only two were identified with the DNA parasite. This result is the first report of natural infection by T. cruzi in domestic dogs in southern Bahia.
Ticks on birds in a savanna (Cerrado) reserve on the outskirts of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Pascoal Jamile de Oliveira , Amorim Marcus do Prado , Martins Maria Marlene , Melo Celine , Silva Júnior Eurípedes Luciano da , Ogrzewalska Maria , Labruna Marcelo Bahia , Szabó Matias Pablo Juan
Published: June 2013

We report tick infestations on birds, in the environment and on domestic animals in a non-forested phytophysiognomy, the savanna-like Cerradosensu stricto, in a natural reserve on the outskirts of the urban area of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Overall, 238 birds within 50 species, 15 families and six orders were caught. Passeriformes were the most numerous, with 216 birds (90.75%), among which 22 had ticks (n = 31). Within this order, the prevalence of tick infestation was 10.2%, and the abundance and mean intensity were 0.14 and 1.41, respectively. Only immature ticks of the species Amblyomma nodosum were found on the birds. The tick species found both on animals (Rhipicephalus sanguineus,Rhipicephalus (Boophilus)microplus, Amblyomma cajennense andDermacentor nitens) and in the environment (Amblyomma dubitatum, Rhipicephalus(B.) microplus andAmblyomma cajennense) were as expected. This difference in tick species between the environment and birds possibly occurred because the sampling of the environment was limited to the ground. This study also highlights the importance of the diverse microenvironments used by ticks and hosts in the same area and the complex ecology of bird-tick relationships. Ecological and epidemiological aspects of the findings are discussed.
Acaricides efficiency on Rhipicephalus(Boophilus) microplus from Bahia state North-Central region
Authors: Raynal José Tadeu , Silva Aretha Alves Borges da , Sousa Thiago de Jesus , Bahiense Thiago Campanharo , Meyer Roberto , Portela Ricardo Wagner
Published: June 2013

The cattle tick Rhipicephalus(Boophilus) microplus is responsible for major losses in the Brazilian livestock, mainly due to reduction in cattle productive performance. Resistance development to major classes of acaricide widely used nowadays has been extensively reported, as well as the occurrence of residues from these compounds in animal products and the environment. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of acaricides onR. (B.)microplus collected from rural properties in the North-Central region of Bahia State. Ticks were collected in several cattle farms in the cited region, and an in vitro acaricide efficiency assay was performed based on the immersion of ticks in acaricide solutions made according to manufacturers' recommendations. The results obtained in the experiments indicated varying degrees of efficiency of the several bases studied, with the products benzofenilurea, macrocyclic lactone and fipronil showing the highest levels of efficiency, 100%, 100% and 97.34%, respectively. It was possible to conclude that, for the region studied, there are different degrees of commercial acaricides efficiency, and many present less than 95% effectiveness, value determined as acceptable by the Brazilian legislation.
Prevalence of Oestrus ovis(Diptera: Oestridae) in sheep from the São Paulo Central region, Brazil
Authors: Silva Bruna Fernanda da , Machado Gustavo Puglia , Izidoro Thiago Braga , Amarante Alessandro Francisco Talamini do
Published: June 2013

The heads of 139 slaughtered sheep were examined with the aim of determining Oestrus ovis prevalence and infestation intensity in the central region of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Heads from slaughtered sheep were examined and the first (L1), second (L2) and third (L3) O. ovis larval instars were recovered from the nasal and sinus cavities. O. ovislarvae were detected in 13.7% of the sheep analyzed. The monthly mean intensity of infestation ranged from 1 to 10.2 larvae per infested head, with general mean intensity of 4.5 larvae/infested head. Of the total of 85 larvae, 21.2% were L1, 37.6% L2 and 41.2% L3. In conclusion, all different O. ovis larvae instars were recovered from slaughtered animals, which demonstrates the existence of favorable climatic conditions for the fly activity and larval development of O. ovis in sheep raised in the Central region of the State of São Paulo.
Control of infective larvae of gastrointestinal nematodes in heifers using different isolates of nematophagous fungi
Authors: Silva Manoel Eduardo da , Araújo Jackson Victor de , Braga Fabio Ribeiro , Freitas Soares Filippe Elias de , Rodrigues Daniel Sobreira
Published: June 2013

The effect of different nematophagous fungi [Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001 and CG722) and Monacrosporium thaumasium (NF34)] with regard to controlling infective larvae (L3) of nematodes after gastrointestinal transit in female cattle (3/4 Holstein × Zebu) was evaluated. A total of 24 pubescent female cattle were used, weighing approximately 320 kg each one. There were three treatment groups, each contained six animals that received 150 g of pellets (0.2 g of mycelium), orally in a single dose, in a sodium alginate matrix containing mycelial mass of the fungus D. flagrans (AC001 or CG722) or M. thaumasium (NF34); and one control group (without fungi). Fecal samples were collected from the animals at intervals of 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 48, and 72 hours. At the end of 17 days, the L3 not subjected to predation were recovered by means of the Baermann method. The fungal isolates tested were capable of destroying the L3 after gastrointestinal transit. It was observed that within 72 hours, the isolates AC001, CG722, and NF34 showed a higher predatory activity (81.2%, 97.3%, and 98.3%, respectively). The results justify the need for studies in the field, and over longer intervals, in order to observe the efficiency of the fungus D. flagrans, or even M. thaumasium, for environmental control over nematodes in naturally infected cattle.
Molecular detection of Ehrlichia canisin dogs from the Pantanal of Mato Grosso State, Brazil
Authors: Santos Luana Gabriela Ferreira dos , Melo Andréia Lima Tomé , Moraes-Filho Jonas , Witter Rute , Labruna Marcelo Bahia , Aguiar Daniel Moura de
Published: June 2013

The present study evaluated the presence of EhrlichiaDNA in the blood samples of 320 dogs from the urban and rural areas of the municipality of Poconé, Pantanal region, Mato Grosso state, by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), targeting the ehrlichial dsbgene. Risk factors for infection in dogs were also evaluated. Forty-eight (15%, 95% CI: 11.4-19.5%) dogs were positive: 25 (15.6%, 95% CI: 10.4-22.2%) from the urban area and 23 (14.4%, 95% CI: 9.3-20.8%) from the rural area (P > 0.05). Partial DNA sequence obtained from PCR products of 18 samples from the urban area and 16 samples from the rural area were 100% identical to E. canis from Brazil and the USA. This study reports the first E. canis molecular detection in dogs from the northern Pantanal region.
Parasites of four ornamental fish from the Chumucuí River (Bragança, Pará, Brazil)
Authors: Fujimoto Rodrigo Yudi , Barros Zaira Monik Nunes de , Marinho-Filho Adjalbas Nunes , Diniz Daniel Guerreiro , Eiras Jorge Costa
Published: June 2013

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the parasite fauna of four species of ornamental fish collected in the Chumucuí River, municipality of Bragança, Pará, Brazil. From June 2006 to December 2007. Fishes (n=307) belonging to four species were collected, including 23 specimens of Moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae (redeye tetra), 37Carnegiella strigata (marbled hatchetfish), 7Chilodus punctatus (spotted headstander), and 240Astyanax bimaculatus (twospot astyanax). The parasites found belonged to three taxa: monogeneans in the gills, nematodes (larvae ofCapillaria sp. and Contracaecum sp.) in the digestive tract and liver and acanthocephalans (Quadrigyrus torquatus, Q. brasiliensis and Q. nickoli) in the stomach and intestine. Astyanax bimaculatus presented higher prevalence of acanthocephalans in the wet season, and lower prevalence of nematodes in the dry season. The possible importance of these parasites in the exportation of ornamental fish is discussed.
Mechanisms of pyrethroid resistance inHaematobia irritans (Muscidae) from Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil
Authors: Barros Antonio Thadeu Medeiros , Schumaker Teresinha Tizu Sato , Koller Wilson Werner , Klafke Guilherme Marcondes , Albuquerque Thais Aguiar de , Gonzalez Rodrigo
Published: June 2013

Horn fly resistance to pyrethroid insecticides occurs throughout Brazil, but knowledge about the involved mechanisms is still in an incipient stage. This survey was aimed to identify the mechanisms of horn fly resistance to cypermethrin in Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil. Impregnated filter paper bioassays using cypermethrin, synergized or not with piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and triphenyl phosphate (TPP), were conducted from March 2004 to June 2005 in horn fly populations (n = 33) from all over the state. All populations were highly resistant to cypermethrin, with resistance factors (RF) ranging from 89.4 to 1,020.6. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays to detect the knockdown resistance (kdr) mutation also were performed in 16 samples. The kdr mutation was found in 75% of the tested populations, mostly with relatively low frequencies (<20%), and was absent in some highly resistant populations. Addition of TPP did not significantly reduce the LC50 in any population. However, PBO reduced LC50s above 40-fold in all tested populations, resulting in RFs ≤ 10 in most cases. Horn fly resistance to cypermethrin is widespread in the state, being primarily caused by an enhanced activity of P450 mono-oxygenases and secondarily by reduced target site sensitivity.
Personalized Cancer Medicine: Are We There Yet?
Authors: Lawler Mark , Selby Peter
Published: June 2013

Personalized cancer medicine is at a crucial phase of development. This month's edition focuses on how innovation and the development of personalized medicine can positively influence disease outcomes–but at what price?
Personalized Medicine: Hype or Reality
Authors: Chabner Bruce A. , Ellisen Leif W. , Iafrate A. John
Published: June 2013

The current availability of and access to biomarker testing for personalized cancer therapy is reviewed.
Melanoma: More Answers, More Questions
Authors: Urba Walter J.
Published: June 2013

This issue's series of articles on ipilimumab are placed into the context of current treatment practices in melanoma.
Preparing for Success With Comparative Effectiveness Research
Authors: Roberts Thomas G.
Published: June 2013

This commentary reviews the work on Comparative Effectiveness Research (CER) published in this issue by Gary Lyman and Scott Ramsey et al., concluding that CER will play a key role in optimizing outcomes for cancer patients in the future.
The Frequency and Resolution of Nipple Pain When Latch is Improved in a Private Practice
Authors: Darmangeat Véronique
Published: June 2013

This study examined the frequency and resolution of nipple pain in 61 consecutive cases in a private practice. Out of 61 consultations, 37 mothers reported pain during feeds, either exclusively or combined with another problem. For 24 of these 37 mothers, the pain ended by improving
the latch. For the 13 other mothers, there were additional problems associated with the pain that required further intervention. The majority of consultations for pain were resolved simply by improving the baby’s positioning at the breast. This implies that it is important to address latch
issues from the very first days of the baby’s life.
Breast Abscess: A Case Report
Authors: Powers Diane C. , Tapia Vicki
Published: June 2013

Breast abscesses appear to be occurring more frequently in both our practices, perhaps because of the presence of "super bugs" in our evolving environment. Understanding how quickly breast pain can fulminate into an invasive abscess allows for healthcare providers (HCP) to be vigilant
in follow-up with those women presenting with breast fullness, without pain or fever, when they have either recently been treated for mastitis or are currently taking antibiotics for mastitis.
Lactation after Perinatal, Neonatal, or Infant Loss
Authors: Cole Melissa
Published: June 2013

After losing an infant, grieving mothers may still have to cope with postpartum issues, including lactation. This article reviews and addresses care options for lactation concerns after pregnancy, neonatal, or infant loss. Currently, lactation care and advice after loss varies greatly.
Lactation consultants are instrumental in providing mothers with anticipatory guidance and evidence-based care. Implementing system-wide training and education regarding this topic will help families receive the information they need to deal with the physiological aftermath of infant loss.
Social Support Improves Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy in a Sample of Black Women
Authors: McCarter-Spaulding Deborah , Gore Rebecca
Published: June 2013

Black women in the United States have lower rates of initiation and duration of breastfeeding compared to other racial/ethnic groups. Social support for breastfeeding, as well as breastfeeding self-efficacy, has been reported as an influence on breastfeeding outcomes. This study analyzes
the relationship between breastfeeding self-efficacy and network support for breastfeeding in a sample of Black women. Results showed that network support for breastfeeding does not have a direct effect on breastfeeding duration and pattern, but it does have a significant influence on breastfeeding
self-efficacy. These results provide theoretical support for clinical interventions designed to enhance the support network as a way of improving breastfeeding self-efficacy, particularly for women at risk for early weaning.