bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formulasi Bubuk Bunga Cengkeh (Syzygium Aromaticum) Dalam Media Teri Ubi Rumput Laut Medium (Turlm) Formula 3 Sebagai Zat Penghambat Jamur Kontaminan Pada Biakan Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Authors: Rohmi Rohmi , Ahad Fahrudin , Diarti Maruni Wiwin
Published: November 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui Formulasi Bubuk bunga Cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum ) dalam Media Teri Ubi Rumput Laut Medium (TURLM) Formula  3 Sebagai Zat Penghambat Jamur Kontaminan pada Biakan Mycobacterium tuberculosis yang dapat digunakan dalam menghambat pertumbuhan jamur kontaminan tanpa mempengaruhi pertumbuhan koloni dan angka kesuburan M. tuberculosis.  Desain penelitian eksperiment di laboratorium dengan menggunakan desain The Posttest Only Control Group Design.  Data dari hasil pengamatan pertumbuhan koloni pada masing – masing media formula kombinasi Bubuk bunga CengkehTURLM Formula 3 (tiga) dan media pembandingan Loweinstein – Jensen dilakukan analisis secara deskriptif.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gambaran tekstur media antara ketiga formula TURLM 3 dengan penambahan bubuk cengkeh tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan baik dalam tekstur kekerasan, homogenitas, bau dan permukaan. Media TURLM formula 3 tanpa bubuk cengkeh dan Loweinstein – Jenssen menunjukkan pertumbuhan koloni jamur kontaminan Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger dan bakteri kontaminan Staphylococcus albus, kecepatan pertumbuhan pada hari ke -5 dan angka kesuburan pertumbuhan 4 (empat),  sedangkan pada media formulasi bubuk bunga Cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum ) dalam media Teri Ubi Rumput Laut Medium (TURLM) formula 3 baik pada formulasi 1,2 dan 3 sampai dengan minggu ke -8 pengamatan menunjukkan hasil pertumbuhan  koloni jamur kontaminan dan M. tuberculosis  negative.  Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah media TURLM formula 3 yang ditambahkan bubuk cengkeh pada semua formula mampu membuktikan sangat efektif dalam menghambatan pertumbuhan jamur kontaminan,  namun juga menghambat pertumbuhan M. tuberculosis, sehingga dapat dikembangkan untuk anti jamur pada semua produk media yang rentan terhadap kontaminasi jamur, terutama pada media pertumbuhan M. tuberculosis.
Karakteristik Mahasiswa Terhadap Pengetahuan Tentang Vaksin Human Papiloma Virus (Hpv) Sebagai Imunitas Aktif Buatan Characteristics Of Students On Knowledge About Virus Human Vacuses (VHV) As Made Immunity
Authors: Riawati Danik
Published: November 2020

Vaksin Human Papiloma Virus (HPV) termasuk kategori vaksin virus yang dimasukkan ke tubuh dengantujuan supaya tubuh dapat merespon sel kanker, sehingga tubuh membentuk respon imun dan timbul respon antivirus. Kanker servik merupakan penyebab tertinggi kedua kematian perempuan di Indonesia, sehingga diperlukan pencegahan dengan memberikan imunitas buatan berupa vaksin Human Papiloma Virus (HPV). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara karakteristik mahasiswa terhadap pengetahuan tentang vaksin Infeksi Human Papiloma Virus (HPV) sebagai imunitas aktif buatan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi penelitian adalah mahasiswa program studi DIII Teknologi Bank Darah Surakarta yang sudah menempuh mata kuliah imunologi yaitu sebanyak 33 responden. Alat pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner. Analisa data univariat disajikan dalam bentuk tabel distribusi frekuensi, dan analisis bivariat menggunakan chi square. Rata-rata pengetahuan responden berjenis kelamin laki-laki yang termasuk kategori baik sekitar 5 responden, cukup ada 3 responden dan yang kurang ada 3 responden. Pengetahuan responden jenis kelamin perempuan yang termasuk kategori baik rata-rata sekitar 9 responden , cukup 8 responden dan kurang 5 responden. Pengetahuan berdasarkan usia <19 tahun yang termasuk kategori baik rata-rata 1 responden, dan kurang ada 1 responden. Pengetahuan responden usia >19 tahun rata-rata yang berpengetahuan baik 14 responden , cukup 11 responden dan kurang ada 6 responden. Asymp signifikansi sebesar 0,24 > 0,05 maka Ha ditolak diterima dan Ho diterima, artinya tidak ada hubungan antara pengetahuan mahasiswa tentang vaksin HPV sebagai imunitas aktif buatan dengan jenis kelamin
Risk of Elevated Blood Glucose Levels in Tuberculosis Patients with BTA 3+ Levels, Puskesmas Bojong Gede Kabupaten Bogor
Authors: Hikmah Febrial
Published: November 2020

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. TB cases are still high that has attracted many researchers to conduct studies, especially the factors that cause therapy failure. TB patients who undergo therapy will be at risk of experiencing changes in carbohydrate metabolism. This is compounded by the condition of patients who have a history of diabetes mellitus (DM) before. Therefore, examination of blood glucose in TB patients is considered necessary to be a series in therapy. The increased risk was also influenced by several factors, including age and gender. The data was taken cross sectional as many as 57 samples of TB patients with various AFB positivity levels. The results obtained that 75% of TB patients included in the positive category 3 AFB, 46% aged >40 years, and 61% were male. Mean blood glucose level of 165 ± 14 mg/dL. About 19% of patients have glucose levels >200 mg/dL. Of the 19% of these patients 91% of patients were in the BTA positive category 3, 91% were aged >40 years and 73% were male. The conclusion is that there is a risk of an increase in blood glucose levels in TB patients with level 3+ AFB.
PENGARUH SIKAP DAN PERILAKU BIDAN TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN IBU HAMIL SAAT PELAKSANAAN ANC DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS KURIPAN
Authors: Agustiarini Anastasya , Sundayani Lina
Published: November 2020

Pelayanan pemeriksaan kehamilan yang sesuai, secara kuantitas dan kualitas diharapkan dapat tercapai tujuan menurunkan angka kematian ibu dengan mendekatkan fasilitas pelayanan ke masyarakat. Kenyataan yang terjadi kunjungan pemeriksaan kehamilan (K4) belum  mencapai target, bahkan terjadi penurunan target dari K1.Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh sikap dan prilaku bidan terhadap pengetahuan ibu hamil saat pelaksanaan ANC. Metode Penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional dengan pendekatan analitik dengan pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner yang dilaksanakan pada bulan april-mei 2019. Populasi penelitian adalah ibu hamil multigravida di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kuripan dengan sampel 30 ibu hamil. Analisa data yang digunakan yaitu Regression Binary Logistic. Hasil Penelitian ini : Sikap bidan pada saat pelaksanaan ANC yang positif sebesar 87% Sedangkan perilaku bidan positif sebesar 77%. Berdasarkan indikator tingkat pengetahuan, menunjukkan ibu yang memliki pengetahuan baik sebesar 87%. Dari hasil uji statistik Regression Binary Logistic, nilai pvalue 0,00 nilai sig < 0,05 tolak Ho dan Ha diterima. Kesimpulan : Terdapat pengaruh sikap dan perilaku bidan terhadap tingkat pengetahuan ibu hamil saat pemeriksaan ANC di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kuripan tahun 2019. Proper antenatal care services, in quantity and quality, are expected to achieve the goal of reducing maternal mortality by bringing services to the community closer. The fact that a pregnancy check-up visit (K4) has not reached the target, even the target of K1 has decreased. Research objectives To find out the influence of midwives' attitudes and behavior on the knowledge of pregnant women during ANCimplementation. Research Methods this study was an observational study with an analytical approach by collecting data using a questionnaire conducted in April-May 2019. The study population was multigravida pregnant women in the working area of the Kuripan Health Center with a sample of 30 pregnant women. Data analysis used is Binary Logistic Regression. Research results attitudes of midwives at the time of positive ANC implementation were 87% while positive midwives' behavior was 77%. Based on the level of knowledge indicators, mothers who have good knowledge are 87%. From the results of the Binary Logistic Regression test, the value of 0.00 value sig <0.05 rejects Ho and Ha is accepted. Conclusion there are influences of attitudes and behavior of midwives on the level of knowledge of pregnant women during ANC examination in the working area of the Kuripan Health Center in 2019.
Symbolism in the aesthetics architectural of Plosokuning mosque Yogyakarta
Authors: Fauzi Fahrur , Munir Misnal , Mustansyir Rizal
Published: November 2020

Plosokuning Mosque is the mosque with the most authenticity preserved compared to the other four Pathok Negoro mosques. Therefore, the disclosure of the symbolic value of the architectural aesthetic of the Plosokuning Mosque is a representation of environmental conservation efforts and historical buildings in Indonesia. The research method used was hermeneutics-philosophical with methodical elements: induction-deduction, internal coherence, holistic, historical balance, and heuristics. The methodical elements examined the architecture aesthetical meaning and the symbols attached to Plosokuning Mosque; in line with it, internal relations was searched and discovered, not isolated from the environment and its historical continuity, and then compiled findings about symbolism in the aesthetics of the mosque's architecture. The results showed that symbolism in the architectural aesthetics of the Plosokuning Mosque is an expression of the concept of Javanese cosmology and Javanese Islamic mysticism (Kejawen). In Javanese cosmology, humans are described as a microcosm (jagad cilik), the universe as a macrocosm (jagad gedhe), and the palace as the center of the cosmos. Kejawen is a complex of Javanese Islamic beliefs mixed with previous teachings, particularly Hindu and Buddhist teachings; The Plosokuning Mosque has elements that are integrated together as a symbol of the means for human contemplation towards insan kamil (perfect human). Thus, the top position of human being is makrifatullah (knowing Allah). It can be concluded that the aesthetic architectural related to the religion matter.
Fatores de risco associados à gravidez na adolescência: revisão integrativa
Authors: Silva Beatriz Machado da , Nogueira Brenda Rullyane Vasconcelos , Lopes Graciana de Sousa , Souza Larissa Rodrigues de , Barros Natasha Pollyana da Silva , Freitas Reginaria Alves de , Chagas Wilkson Melgueiro das
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: identificar os fatores de risco relacionados à gravidez na adolescência. Método: Trata-se de um estudo tipo Revisão Integrativa da Literatura (RIL), Para coleta de dados, foram utilizadas as bibliotecas virtuais de pesquisa: Scielo e Lilacs. Resultados: a gravidez na adolescência é caracterizado como fenômeno social que é debatido mais no Brasil, pois é visto como motivo de uma grande preocupação, devido nesse contexto existe uma diversidade problemas que pode acarretar. No atual panorama social pode ser definida como um problema de saúde pública, pois a falta de uma orientação sobre a educação sexual dentro do seio familiar, explicando os diversos métodos contraceptivos e que uma iniciação sexual naquele período da vida do adolescente pode ocasionar. Conclusão: Conclui-se que é essencial nessa época da vida, desenvolver as atividades educativas aliado com outra parceria, juntando com outros setores da sociedade como escolas e instituições não governamentais, que pode ajudar dando um grande auxílio para com adolescente desorientadas no período de gravidez, mas há de ponderar que a família nesse contexto dever ser o porto seguro da pessoa, não podendo ser ignorada, fazendo o papel é primordial no processo de orientação dessas jovens.
Assistência ao pré-natal sob o olhar da gestante
Authors: Torres Leila Gomes Matos , Vasconcelos Milaine Nunes Gomes , Prata José Rondinelli da Silva , Nascimento Marcos Lima do , Oliveira Ester Alves de , Monteiro Andrea Nunes , Santos Anne Caroline Farias Dos , Prata Maria do Livramento Coelho
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: descrever a percepção da gestante sobre a assistência ao pré-natal. Métodos: trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, com abordagem qualitativa, realizada com 15 gestantes em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS) localizada na cidade de Manaus/AM. Resultados: após análise dos dados obtidos, foram construídas cinco categorias temáticas que descrevem a compreensão da gestante sobre a importância do pré-natal, a atuação da equipe multiprofissional na consulta de pré-natal, a acessibilidade aos preconizados pelo MS, a educação na promoção do autocuidado e o atendimento adequado na perspectiva da gestante. Conclusão: o estudo revelou que diante da assistência que recebem no pré-natal, as gestantes têm a compreensão que está sendo bem assistidas, destacando a cordialidade, escuta ativa e a facilidade de acesso como fatores relevantes para esse entendimento. No entanto, os dados extraídos dos questionários sugerem o quão elas estão sendo negligenciadas nos serviços de saúde.
Condutas relacionadas ao parto na água: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Bezerra Nairle Cipriano , Lopes Graciana de Souza , Falcão Klinger de Castro , Cauassa Luany de Mendonça , Souza Filho Múcio Rodrigues de , Ramos Neta Raimunda Fonseca
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: Narrar os benefícios do parto na água mãe e bebê. Além de descrever cuidados de enfermagem necessários referente ao parto na água e discutir importância da implementação do parto na água dentro das maternidades. Método: Foi realizado, um estudo exploratório, descritivo, do tipo Revisão Integrativa da Literatura (RIL), que é um método que proporciona conhecimento e resultados de estudos na prática, com ampla abordagem metodológica incorporando conceitos, revisão de teorias, evidências e análise de problemas metodológico. Resultado: Os resultados alcançados foram a revisão de artigos relevantes que abordassem relatos de casos publicados entre 2010 e 2020, benefícios aos profissionais de enfermagem e ao estreitamento de laços entre paciente, recém-nascido e a equipe obstétrica. Conclusão: Portanto, o parto na água está dentre as manobras mais segura de realização do parto humanizado, desde que seja realizado um bom acompanhamento no pré-natal, resguardando a saúde da mamãe e do bebe, visando o melhor atendimento. Outro fator importante é o acompanhamento por profissionais qualificados e treinados, para essa realização e adequações quando necessárias.
Comparative evaluation of the glucose level in dogs and cats obtained by portable glucometer and colorimetric automated method
Authors: Miasaki Natanne Terumy , Cruz Mariza Fordellone Rosa , Marquez Ellen de Souza , Wenceslau Thais Aparecida , Zacarias Junior Ademir , Porto Emilia de Paiva , Oliveira Vinicius Prado de , Sarmento Angélica Laís , Silva Nelly Braga
Published: November 2020

Glucose is an essential carbohydrate for the good functioning of the organism and in normal conditions it is able to maintain the glucose in adequate levels. The glucose can be measured by the portable glucometer or by the laboratory method, which is considered the standard methodology, but with disadvantages such as cost and the necessary amount of blood. The portable glucometer shows itself to be an applicable option because it is less expensive and faster. This prospective clinical study aimed to compare and evaluate the efficiency between the OneTouch UltraMini® portable monitor and the automated colorimetric method for measuring the blood glucose concentration of 48 dogs and 20 cats.  The results obtained from the mean of the portable monitor and laboratory method were 87.54 mg/dL and 94.47 mg/dL for dogs, and 85.95 mg/dL and 100 mg/dL for cats, respectively. It could be concluded that the comparison between the methods showed that the portable meter represents an excellent option for measuring blood glucose in dogs and cats.
Realidade Aumentada na Indústria: uma Análise Bibliométrica
Authors: Pohlmann Mayara Neves , Formigoni Alexandre , Stettiner Caio Flávio
Published: November 2020

Esta pesquisa visa apresentar uma análise bibliométrica com o objetivo de apresentar os estudos sobre a realidade aumentada na indústria. O atual cenário da indústria mundial reflete uma busca incessante por novas tecnologias que auxiliem na gestão da produção seguindo, dessa forma, o conceito de melhoria contínua apresentado pelo Lean Manufacturing. Grande parte das melhorias implementadas em processos tem como base os pilares da indústria 4.0. Com a alta competitividade presente nesse cenário, a implementação da realidade aumentada em diferentes segmentos industriais tem apresentado resultados que mostram que ela proporciona ganhos importantes em processos, já que é uma técnica que soluciona problemas de não conformidade e qualidade, treina os funcionários de maneira mais eficaz, auxilia em manutenções preventivas e até gera uma maior segurança. Sendo assim, com base na expansão da realidade aumentada no ambiente industrial, justifica-se a necessidade de compreensão dos principais usos dessa tecnologia por meio de uma revisão da literatura científica. Para a análise bibliométrica deste artigo, a plataforma escolhida foi a Scopus e o período escolhido foi de 2015 a 2019.  Com essa análise, notou-se a diversidade de aplicações de realidade aumentada em diferentes países e setores industriais.
Contribuições do pensamento complexo para o conhecimento da enfermagem
Authors: Teixeira Enéas Rangel , Soares Lunna Machado , Brezolin Cristhian Antônio , Silva Juliana da Costa , Dallaire Clémence , Martin Patrick
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: Identificar e discutir as contribuições da adoção do pensamento complexo para o conhecimento de enfermagem. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura, que abrangeu o período de 2015 a 2020, buscando as palavras-chave “Enfermagem” and “Pensamento Complexo” and “Edgar Morin” nas bases de dados da LILACS e BDENF, sendo selecionados 11 artigos. Resultados: Dentre os resultados, foi construída a categoria adoção e as contribuições do pensamento complexo para o conhecimento da enfermagem. Destaca-se que é preciso a compreensão da complexidade da saúde e lidar com as contradições e incertezas. Isto implica na criação de princípios teóricos e metodológicos articulados com os avanços da enfermagem enquanto ciência e profissão, considerando: a pessoa humana, à ética e o ambiente. Conclusão: A visão linear, determinista e calcada na certeza, precisa ser repensada e a buscar construção de modelos que lide com a complexidade da vida. Isto implica na construção de princípios teóricos articulados com os avanços da enfermagem enquanto ciência e profissão, considerando: a pessoa humana, à ética, o ambiente sujeito às variações entre a ordem, a desordem e a reorganização.
Delimitação de áreas de preservação permanente em zonas ciliares: estudo de caso em Santa Rosa de Lima no sul do Brasil
Authors: Macedo Rodrigo de Campos , Schmitt Filho Abdon Luiz , Farley Joshua , Sinisgalli Paulo Antônio de Almeida
Published: November 2020

A delimitação das APPs é um requisito fundamental em diversos processos, tais como o Cadastro Ambiental Rural, o diagnóstico ambiental, o zoneamento ambiental e o Plano de Recuperação Ambiental. Porém, a implementação das definições legais das APPs não é tarefa trivial, dependendo principalmente da representação detalhada da malha hidrográfica.  Este artigo aborda a integração de dados e a utilização de métodos de geoprocessamento para obtenção semi-automatizada de Áreas de Preservação Permanentes (APPs).  para o município de Santa Rosa de Lima-SC.. Para delimitar as APPs ciliares através de Sistemas de Informações Geográficas, foi necessário realizar um mapa de distância para cada feição hidrográfica. A especificação da largura do buffer é dependente do tipo, largura e tamanho das feições da rede de drenagem. As APPs de nascentes foram definidas a partir 50 m, tendo como ponto central a própria nascente ou olho d’água. Para os cursos d’água, as APPs são delimitadas na faixa marginal a partir da calha regular, em projeção horizontal com larguras mínimas que variam de 30 a 500 m de largura. Ao considerar a junção de todas APPs delimitadas – nascentes/olhos d’água, cursos d’água, corpos d’água e áreas úmidas – há muitas áreas sobrepostas. Ao unir todas estas áreas, considerando-se adequadamente todas as sobreposições, a área resultante é de 10.125,04 ha, representando 50,12% da área total do município. Cerca de 76% da APP ciliar delimitada neste trabalho está devidamente coberta por vegetação florestal.
Ensino remoto nas universidades federais do Brasil: desafios e adaptações da educação durante a pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Mélo Cláudia Batista , Farias Gabrieli Duarte , Moisés Larianne de Sousa , Beserra Letícia Regina Marques , Piagge Carmem Silvia Laureano Dalle
Published: November 2020

Em decorrência do surgimento do Sars-Cov-2, uma infecção viral se alastrou pelo mundo, causando uma pandemia. Houve a necessidade de cumprir medidas de distanciamento social, fazendo com que diversos setores interrompessem suas atividades presenciais. Nessa perspectiva, a rotina acadêmica também foi afetada, gerando a necessidade de adaptações na educação, dessa forma, o ensino remoto foi implementado, após autorização pelo Ministério da Educação, através da Portaria Nº 544/2020. Este estudo objetiva relatar e discutir o ensino remoto nas universidades federais do Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, qualitativo e documental sobre as características da oferta do ensino remoto. Foram utilizadas fontes de dados primários, em domínio público. A população foi composta por todas as universidades federais do Brasil, que juntas somam 69 instituições. Enquanto a amostra foi constituída por 65 instituições que ofertam cursos na área da saúde. Das universidades analisadas, 84,6% adotaram o ensino remoto, 12,3% não iniciaram o cronograma e 3,1% não informaram em seu website. As universidades pioneiras na adesão ao ensino remoto localizam-se na região Nordeste (17,7%) e Sudeste (5,5%), o Norte possui o maior número de instituições que não iniciaram o cronograma (44,4%). Não houve suspensão das atividades de pesquisa (93,4%), tampouco da extensão (95,2%). Os desafios enfrentados diante da pandemia de COVID-19 levaram as instituições federais a analisar alternativas de ensino. O ensino remoto foi adotado pela maioria das universidades como uma possibilidade para continuidade da educação no âmbito do ensino, pesquisa e extensão.
Conhecimento de pacientes diabéticos e o cuidado com os pés: a importância da orientação
Authors: Tanaka Raquel Yurika , Lazzari Carmen Maria , Monteiro Daiane da Rosa , Souza Tábata de Cavatá
Published: November 2020

Todo paciente diabético, cuidador/familiar deve ser orientado sobre as alterações presentes nos pés, assim como ter esclarecimentos quanto às implicações da neuropatia, da doença vascular, cuidados de higiene, corte adequado de unhas e o calçado apropriado a ser usado. Objetivou-se avaliar o conhecimento de pacientes diabéticos sobre o cuidado com os pés e verificar a adesão após intervenção educativa durante a hospitalização, a consulta no ambulatório e o pós-alta hospitalar. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, realizado com 20 pacientes diabéticos tipo 2, atendidos e orientados em um hospital geral de Porto Alegre, em dois momentos: pré-orientação e pós-orientação. Como resultado, 65% dos pacientes foram do sexo masculino e com idade média de 60,2 anos. Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa após intervenção educativa nas seguintes variáveis: exame diário dos pés (p = 0,008), cuidado com a temperatura adequada da água antes da lavagem (p=0,031), deixar os pés de molho (p=0,004), hidratar os pés (p=0,002), uso de meias com costura para fora ou sem costuras (p=0,008), corte da unha no formato reto (p= 0,002), retirada de cutícula (p=0,008) e o calçado com solado grosso e antiderrapante (p=0,008). A intervenção educativa contribuiu para melhorar o conhecimento e permitiu a mudança comportamental relatada pelos participantes sobre os cuidados com os pés.
Dark-Energy-Matter from Vacuum owing to the General Covariance Violation
Authors: Cherkas S. L. , Kalashnikov V. L.
Published: November 2020

It seems that the violation of covariance relatively general coordinate transformations exists in the real world and contributes to its fundamental structure. This guess allows omitting the main part of the vacuum energy reasonably and considering a remaining part emergent from the zero-point fluctuations of the quantum fields as some "fluid" possessing energy density and pressure. Then, the equation of vacuum state and the speed of vacuum sound-waves result from the zero vacuum entropy assumption. Generally, a vacuum can be considered as a "basis" for dark-energy-matter unification. The resulting evolution of the background space-time metric resembles that of the Milne-like universe, but with the late accelerating stage.
True and Fake Lax Pairs: How to Distinguish Them
Authors: Sakovich Sergei
Published: November 2020

The gauge-invariant description of zero-curvature representations of evolution equations is applied to the problem of how to distinguish the fake Lax pairs from the true Lax pairs. The main difference between the true Lax pairs and the fake ones is found in the structure of their cyclic bases.
Losing sight of women's rights (again): a response to Cowan et al.
Authors: Hunter Blackburn Lucy , Murray Kath , Mackenzie Lisa
Published: November 2020

This article responds to Cowan et al.'s critique of our article ‘Losing sight of women's rights: the unregulated introduction of gender self-identification as a case study of policy capture in Scotland’, published by Scottish Affairs 28(3) in August 2019. Cowan et al. make a series of strong criticisms, including of our accuracy, diligence and adherence to scholarly norms. We reject these as unreasonable. In our view, they misunderstand and misrepresent the fundamental purpose of our article, fail to engage with our core thesis of policy capture, and implausibly seek to place our view of the law beyond academic respectability. Their own strongly-asserted view of the law appears at least open to question. We argue that the problem is not with our scholarship falling below any normal acceptable standard, but rather that Cowan et al. appear to be uncomfortable with others holding and expressing any different view to theirs on this topic. They have therefore reached too quickly for assertions of incompetence or worse. We discuss the climate in which our original article was produced and in which we are now defending it. Describing our own experiences as well of those of other academics, we question how the scholarship needed to help shape policy and law in this area can take place under such conditions.
Investigation of Clay Type on Low Salinity Water Flooding Using a Glass Micromodel
Authors: Wei Xuemei , Jiang Wenchao , Zhang Yanyu , Wang Zhao , Li Xiaojun , Wu Feipeng
Published: November 2020

Clay minerals are usually regarded as an important factor affecting the results of low salinity water (LSW) flooding. However, experiments on clay minerals are mainly in qualitative stage, the mechanism of clay minerals has not been studied completely. In this paper, Zeta potential of four kinds of clay minerals (montmorillonite; chlorite; illite; kaolinite) in different brine was measured, microscopic models of these clay minerals were made to measured wetting angle in different brine, and montmorillonite and kaolinite were chosen to conduct microscopic displacement experiments through customized micro-glass etching models. From experiment results, the following conclusions can be get: 1). With the decrease of salinity of injected water, the negative zeta potential of clay minerals increases and the wetting angle decreases. 2). Clay minerals are more sensitive to monovalent Na+ than bivalent Ca2+. 3). The results of microscopic experiments show that LSW can effectively improve oil recovery, whether kaolinite or montmorillonite. The recovery of montmorillonite is better with a relatively high salinity of LSW and kaolinite is better with a relatively low salinity of LSW. The mechanism of LSW improves kaolinite recovery factor is the change of wettability while that of montmorillonite is the increase of water phase wettability. However, a lot of droplet-like residual oil cannot be displaced in the montmorillonite throat. In filed production, both kaolinite-rich and montmorillonite-rich reservoirs are suitable for LSW flooding to improve oil recovery. However, for kaolinite reservoirs, a lower salinity of injected water would produce a better result, while for montmorillonite reservoirs, residual oil droplets in the throat are noteworthy.
A Novel XGBoost Method to Identify Cancer Tissue-of-Origin Based on Copy Number Variations
Authors: Zhang Yulin , Feng Tong , Wang Shudong , Dong Ruyi , Yang Jialiang , Su Jionglong , Wang Bo
Published: November 2020

The discovery of cancer of unknown primary (CUP) is of great significance in designing more effective treatments and improving the diagnostic efficiency in cancer patients. In the study, we develop an appropriate machine learning model for tracing the tissue of origin of CUP with high accuracy after feature engineering and model evaluation. Based on a copy number variation data consisting of 4,566 training cases and 1,262 independent validation cases, an XGBoost classifier is applied to 10 types of cancer. Extremely randomized tree (Extra tree) is used for dimension reduction so that fewer variables replace the original high-dimensional variables. Features with top 300 weights are selected and principal component analysis is applied to eliminate noise. We find that XGBoost classifier achieves the highest overall accuracy of 0.8913 in the 10-fold cross-validation for training samples and 0.7421 on independent validation datasets for predicting tumor tissue of origin. Furthermore, by contrasting various performance indices, such as precision and recall rate, the experimental results show that XGBoost classifier significantly improves the classification performance of various tumors with less prediction error, as compared to other classifiers, such as K-nearest neighbors (KNN), Bayes, support vector machine (SVM), and Adaboost. Our method can infer tissue of origin for the 10 cancer types with acceptable accuracy in both cross-validation and independent validation data. It may be used as an auxiliary diagnostic method to determine the actual clinicopathological status of specific cancer.
The Pan-Arctic Continental Slope: Sharp Gradients of Physical Processes Affect Pelagic and Benthic Ecosystems
Authors: Bluhm Bodil A. , Janout Markus A. , Danielson Seth L. , Ellingsen Ingrid , Gavrilo Maria , Grebmeier Jacqueline M. , Hopcroft Russell R. , Iken Katrin B. , Ingvaldsen Randi B. , Jørgensen Lis L. , Kosobokova Ksenia N. , Kwok Ron , Polyakov Igor V. , Renaud Paul E. , Carmack Eddy C.
Published: November 2020

Continental slopes – steep regions between the shelf break and abyssal ocean – play key roles in the climatology and ecology of the Arctic Ocean. Here, through review and synthesis, we find that the narrow slope regions contribute to ecosystem functioning disproportionately to the size of the habitat area (∼6% of total Arctic Ocean area). Driven by inflows of sub-Arctic waters and steered by topography, boundary currents transport boreal properties and particle loads from the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans along-slope, thus creating both along and cross-slope connectivity gradients in water mass properties and biomass. Drainage of dense, saline shelf water and material within these, and contributions of river and meltwater also shape the characteristics of the slope domain. These and other properties led us to distinguish upper and lower slope domains; the upper slope (shelf break to ∼800 m) is characterized by stronger currents, warmer sub-surface temperatures, and higher biomass across several trophic levels (especially near inflow areas). In contrast, the lower slope has slower-moving currents, is cooler, and exhibits lower vertical carbon flux and biomass. Distinct zonation of zooplankton, benthic and fish communities result from these differences. Slopes display varying levels of system connectivity: (1) along-slope through property and material transport in boundary currents, (2) cross-slope through upwelling of warm and nutrient rich water and down-welling of dense water and organic rich matter, and (3) vertically through shear and mixing. Slope dynamics also generate separating functions through (1) along-slope and across-slope fronts concentrating biological activity, and (2) vertical gradients in the water column and at the seafloor that maintain distinct physical structure and community turnover. At the upper slope, climatic change is manifested in sea-ice retreat, increased heat and mass transport by sub-Arctic inflows, surface warming, and altered vertical stratification, while the lower slope has yet to display evidence of change. Model projections suggest that ongoing physical changes will enhance primary production at the upper slope, with suspected enhancing effects for consumers. We recommend Pan-Arctic monitoring efforts of slopes given that many signals of climate change appear there first and are then transmitted along the slope domain.
Quantification of the Cannabinoid Type 1 Receptor Availability in the Mouse Brain
Authors: Miederer Isabelle , Wiegand Viktoria , Bausbacher Nicole , Leukel Petra , Maus Stephan , Hoffmann Manuela A. , Lutz Beat , Schreckenberger Mathias
Published: November 2020

Introduction: The endocannabinoid system is involved in several diseases such as addictive disorders, schizophrenia, post-traumatic stress disorder, and eating disorders. As often mice are used as the preferred animal model in translational research, in particular when using genetically modified mice, this study aimed to provide a systematic analysis of in vivo cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptor ligand-binding capacity using positron emission tomography (PET) using the ligand [18F]MK-9470. We then compared the PET results with literature data from immunohistochemistry (IHC) to review the consistency between ex vivo protein expression and in vivo ligand binding.

Methods: Six male C57BL/6J (6–9 weeks) mice were examined with the CB1 receptor ligand [18F]MK-9470 and small animal PET. Different brain regions were evaluated using the parameter %ID/ml. The PET results of the [18F]MK-9470 accumulation in the mouse brain were compared with immunohistochemical literature data.

Results: The ligand [18F]MK-9470 was taken up into the mouse brain within 5 min after injection and exhibited slow kinetics. It accumulated highly in most parts of the brain. PET and IHC classifications were consistent for most parts of the telencephalon, while brain regions of the diencephalon, mesencephalon, and rhombencephalon were rated higher with PET than IHC.

Conclusions: This preclinical [18F]MK-9470 study demonstrated the radioligand’s applicability for imaging the region-specific CB1 receptor availability in the healthy adult mouse brain and thus offers the potential to study CB1 receptor availability in pathological conditions.
Hemispheric Specialization for Processing the Communicative and Emotional Content of Vocal Communication in a Social Mammal, the Domestic Pig
Authors: Leliveld Lisette M. C. , Düpjan Sandra , Tuchscherer Armin , Puppe Birger
Published: November 2020

In humans, speech perception is lateralized, with the left hemisphere of the brain dominant in processing the communicative content and the right hemisphere dominant in processing the emotional content. However, still little is known about such a division of tasks in other species. We therefore investigated lateralized processing of communicative and emotionally relevant calls in a social mammal, the pig (Sus scrofa). Based on the contralateral connection between ears and hemispheres, we compared the behavioural and cardiac responses of 36 young male pigs during binaural and monaural (left or right) playback to the same sounds. The playback stimuli were calls of social isolation and physical restraint, whose communicative and emotional relevance, respectively, were validated prior to the test by acoustic analyses and during binaural playbacks. There were indications of lateralized processing mainly in the initial detection (left head-turn bias, indicating right hemispheric dominance) of the more emotionally relevant restraint calls. Conversely, there were indications of lateralized processing only in the appraisal (increased attention during playback to the right ear) of the more communicative relevant isolation calls. This implies differential involvement of the hemispheres in the auditory processing of vocalizations in pigs and thereby hints at similarities in the auditory processing of vocal communication in non-human animals and speech in humans. Therefore, these findings provide interesting new insight in the evolution of human language and auditory lateralization.
Topographic Organization of Correlation Along the Longitudinal and Transverse Axes in Rat Hippocampal CA3 Due to Excitatory Afferents
Authors: Yu Gene J. , Bouteiller Jean-Marie C. , Berger Theodore W.
Published: November 2020

The topographic organization of afferents to the hippocampal CA3 subfield are well-studied, but their role in influencing the spatiotemporal dynamics of population activity is not understood. Using a large-scale, computational neuronal network model of the entorhinal-dentate-CA3 system, the effects of the perforant path, mossy fibers, and associational system on the propagation and transformation of network spiking patterns were investigated. A correlation map was constructed to characterize the spatial structure and temporal evolution of pairwise correlations which underlie the emergent patterns found in the population activity. The topographic organization of the associational system gave rise to changes in the spatial correlation structure along the longitudinal and transverse axes of the CA3. The resulting gradients may provide a basis for the known functional organization observed in hippocampus.
Think Hard or Think Smart: Network Reconfigurations After Divergent Thinking Associate With Creativity Performance
Authors: Wu Hong-Yi , Kuo Bo-Cheng , Huang Chih-Mao , Tsai Pei-Jung , Hsu Ai-Ling , Hsu Li-Ming , Liu Chi-Yun , Chen Jyh-Horng , Wu Changwei W.
Published: November 2020

Evidence suggests divergent thinking is the cognitive basis of creative thoughts. Neuroimaging literature using resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) has revealed network reorganizations during divergent thinking. Recent studies have revealed the changes of network organizations when performing creativity tasks, but such brain reconfigurations may be prolonged after task and be modulated by the trait of creativity. To investigate the dynamic reconfiguration, 40 young participants were recruited to perform consecutive Alternative Uses Tasks (AUTs) for divergent thinking and two resting-state scans (before and after AUT) were used for mapping the brain reorganizations after AUT. We split participants into high- and low-creative groups based on creative achievement questionnaire (CAQ) and targeted on reconfigurations of the two brain networks: (1) default-mode network (DMN) and (2) the network seeded at the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) because the between-group difference of AUT-induced brain activation located at the left IFG. The changes of post-AUT RSFCs (DMN and IFGN) indicated the prolonged effect of divergent thinking. More specifically, the alterations of RSFCIFG−AG and RSFCIFG−IPL (AG: angular gyrus, IPG: inferior parietal lobule) in the high-creative group had positive relationship with their AUT performances (originality and fluency), but not found in the low-creative group. Furthermore, the RSFC changes of DMN did not present significant relationships with AUT performances. The findings not only confirmed the possibility of brain dynamic reconfiguration following divergent thinking, but also suggested the distinct IFGN reconfiguration between individuals with different creativity levels.
Electroacupuncture Protects Cognition by Regulating Tau Phosphorylation and Glucose Metabolism via the AKT/GSK3β Signaling Pathway in Alzheimer’s Disease Model Mice
Authors: Xu Anping , Zeng Qingtao , Tang Yinshan , Wang Xin , Yuan Xiaochen , Zhou You , Li Zhigang
Published: November 2020

Background

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is mainly manifested as a continuous and progressive decline in cognitive ability. Neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are pathological hallmarks of AD and due to accumulated phosphorylated Tau. Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β), as a major Tau kinase and a downstream target of the serine protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway, can regulate Tau phosphorylation in AD. Importantly, the AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway is involved in glucose metabolism, and abnormal glucose metabolism is found in the AD brain. Numerous studies have shown that electroacupuncture (EA), which is thought to be a potential complementary therapeutic approach for AD, can protect cognitive ability to a certain extent.

Objective

The purpose of this experiment was to investigate whether the protective and beneficial mechanism of EA on cognition was mediated by the AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway, thereby improving glucose metabolism and Tau phosphorylation in the brain.

Methods

EA was applied to the Baihui (GV20) and Yintang (GV29) acupoints of 6-month-old amyloid precursor protein (APP)/presenilin-1 (PS1) mice for 20 min, and then quickly prick Shuigou (GV26) acupoint. The intervention was performed once every other day for 28 days. The Morris water maze (MWM) test was performed on C57BL/6N (Non-Tg) mice, APP/PS1 (Tg) mice and EA-treated Tg (Tg + EA) mice to evaluate the effect of EA therapy on cognitive function. 18F-FDG positron emission tomography (PET), immunohistochemistry, and western blotting (WB) were used to investigate the possible mechanism underlying the effect of EA on AD.

Results

EA treatment significantly improved the cognition of APP/PS1 mice and the glucose uptake rate in the hippocampus. Furthermore, EA inhibited the phosphorylation of Tau (Ser199 and Ser202) proteins by inducing AKT (Ser473) and GSK3β (Ser9) phosphorylation.

Conclusion

These results demonstrate that EA intervention protects cognition by enhancing glucose metabolism and inhibiting abnormal phosphorylation of Tau protein in the AD model mice, and the AKT/GSK3β pathway might play an irreplaceable role in the regulation process.
Arabidopsis KASH Proteins SINE1 and SINE2 Are Involved in Microtubule Reorganization During ABA-Induced Stomatal Closure
Authors: Biel Alecia , Moser Morgan , Meier Iris
Published: November 2020

Abscisic acid (ABA) induces stomatal closure by utilizing complex signaling mechanisms, allowing for sessile plants to respond rapidly to ever-changing environmental conditions. ABA regulates the activity of plasma membrane ion channels and calcium-dependent protein kinases, Ca2+ oscillations, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations. Throughout ABA-induced stomatal closure, the cytoskeleton undergoes dramatic changes that appear important for efficient closure. However, the precise role of this cytoskeletal reorganization in stomatal closure and the nature of its regulation are unknown. We have recently shown that the plant KASH proteins SINE1 and SINE2 are connected to actin organization during ABA-induced stomatal closure but their role in microtubule (MT) organization remains to be investigated. We show here that depolymerizing MTs using oryzalin can restore ABA-induced stomatal closure deficits in sine1-1 and sine2-1 mutants. GFP-MAP4-visualized MT organization is compromised in sine1-1 and sine2-1 mutants during ABA-induced stomatal closure. Loss of SINE1 or SINE2 results in loss of radially organized MT patterning in open guard cells, aberrant MT organization during stomatal closure, and an overall decrease in the number of MT filaments or bundles. Thus, SINE1 and SINE2 are necessary for establishing MT patterning and mediating changes in MT rearrangement, which is required for ABA-induced stomatal closure.
An Analysis of the Inclusion of Mathematical Discourse Components in Arabic Mathematical Textbooks: The Case of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Aldahmash Abdulwali H. , Alamri Naem M.
Published: November 2020

This study analyzes the content of 12th-grade mathematics textbooks and workbooks, based on their inclusion of mathematical discourse components. The mathematics textbooks and workbooks were used in a Saudi Arabian school, where students are transitioning from secondary education to university. The results revealed that Saudi Arabian school textbooks and workbooks did not appropriately include discourse components or discourse skills to help facilitate mathematical learning among students. Furthermore, these textbooks did not exceed level two of the four levels of inclusion. As a result, the inclusion was insufficient in helping students meaningfully understand mathematical concepts, become active students, and develop successful community leadership. This implies that mathematics textbooks and workbooks should be revised to include mathematical discourse so that this inclusion is more student directed than teacher directed.
The Use of a Novel Term Helps Preschoolers Learn the Concept of Angle: An Intervention Study With Chinese Preschool Children
Authors: Xu Xiaohui , Chen Chuansheng , Ma Jianfang , Zhao Xiaoting , Jiao Mengwen , Xin Zhiyong
Published: November 2020

Angle is an important concept in geometry. Young children have difficulty separating angle size from other dimensions such as the length of angle sides, perhaps due to whole-object bias in word learning. The present study used the pre-test–training–post-test design to investigate the effectiveness of two ways of separating angle from angle size in 3–6-year-old Chinese preschoolers. A total of 228 children were given a pre-test and 219 of them failed the crucial test. 168 of the 219 children were present at school during the training phase and were randomly assigned to three groups: the “toma” group (n = 57), which received training to call the whole angle figure as “toma” and angle size as angle size; the “angle/angle size” group (n = 56), which received the training of separating “angle” from “angle size”; and the control group (n = 55), which used “angle size” alone to represent both the overall angle figure and angle size. Results showed that the “toma” group improved significantly more than the other two groups, the latter of which did not differ from each other. These results suggest that it is insufficient to have two separate words/phrases (angle and angle size) for children to learn to differentiate angle from angle size, perhaps due to their shared usage of the word angle. Instead, the use of a novel term is necessary and sufficient to improve learning. Implications for preschool education are discussed.