bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of radiological outcomes of intertrochanteric fractures managed with intra medullary nailing with or without intraoperative temporary K-wire’s stabilization
Authors: Yashwanth Chitturi , Khadilkar Madhav , Aghara Denish
Published: December 2023

Background: Inter-trochanteric fractures are one of the most common hip fractures, occurring in both young adults and the elderly, as a result of high-energy trauma or low-energy trauma. These fractures are three to four times more common in elderly women with osteoporosis. The primary concern with Intertrochanteric fractures is the 20% to 30% mortality risk in the first year after the fracture.
Methods: Various methods of fracture fixation have been used in treating this fracture with intramedullary nailing has been the most favoured. In this modality maintenance of reduction during and after fixation remains a concern. The temporary stabilization of  fracture with K-wires for minimally invasive fixation of Intertrochanteric fracture with an intramedullary nail is advocated and aids in keeping the fracture reduction in place while proximal reaming and nail introduction.
Results: In this study a total of 80 patients with intertrochanteric fractures were included, of which 45 patients operated with temporary K-wire, 43 patients reduction was maintained and loss of reduction was noted in 2 patients (4.4%) and 35 patients operated without K-wire, 29 patients reduction maintained and lost in 6 patients (17.1%).
Conclusions: There was no statistically significant, difference in the 2 groups with respect to intra/post-operative loss of reduction. Having a larger study group the results may have a statistically significant outcome.
Open sequential, open staged, and laparoscopic-assisted approaches
Authors: Shanmugam Subbiah , Bharath Radha Siva
Published: December 2023

Background: This retrospective study evaluates sacrectomy techniques and associated outcomes in 32 patients at our department. Sacrectomy, challenging due to complex anatomy and vascularization, has evolved from open single-stage abdomino-sacral to a staged approach and laparoscopic-assisted methods.
Methods: We examined total, subtotal, and partial sacrectomies, transitioning from a single-stage to a staged procedure (with a 1-2 day gap) and finally to laparoscopic-assisted sacrectomy. We focused on postoperative morbidity.
Results: Results show 14 partial, 8 subtotal, 8 total, and 2 laparoscopic-assisted partial sacrectomies. Giant cell tumors and chordomas were common. The staged approach was used in 16 patients, the sequential in 12, and laparoscopic in 2. The latter, despite longer surgery times, resulted in less blood loss, shorter hospital stays, less pain, and faster recovery. Wound dehiscence was the main complication, typically managed conservatively or with skin grafts. One case required a gluteal flap. Bowel and bladder dysfunctions, mostly following total and subtotal sacrectomies, improved with conservative management. The staged approach showed reduced morbidity compared to the sequential.
Conclusions: In conclusion, sacrectomy has become less morbid due to improved anatomical understanding, surgical advancements, and rehabilitation. Staged sacrectomy reduces peri-operative morbidity versus the sequential method. Laparoscopic-assisted sacrectomy, promising reduced blood loss, pain, and hospitalization, requires careful patient selection.
The study outcome of bouquet technique for the management of displaced boxer's fracture
Authors: Kumar Ranjith , Saini Narender , D. S. Meena , Bains Sukhandeep Singh , Kumar Ajith
Published: December 2023

Background: Fifth metacarpal neck fracture is also called Boxer's fracture. Most commonly occurs due to aggression behaviour that result in punch on a wall with a clenched first. If there is a displacement of boxer’s fracture more than 500 then it has to be managed operatively. We here present the outcome of bouquet technique that we used to operate the 80 cases of 5th metacarpal neck fracture.
Methods: We studied and did follow up of the 80, 5th metacarpal neck fracture that managed by bouquet technique. Clinical and radiological assessment was done at 4weeks and 6 weeks and 12 weeks. Total active motion, radiography and complication were noted.
Results: Out of 80 patients that were studied 72 got excellent results and 8 got fair results. Whereas one patient got infection and 2 got adventitious bursitis at the entry site which requires k wire removal.
Conclusions: The technique of antegrade intramedullary 3 kirschners wire in management of 5th metacarpal neck fracture is safe, simple, soft tissue sparing, minimally invasive technique with excellent functional and cosmetic outcome with minimal complications.
Functional evaluation of various modalities of management in floating knee injuries at a tertiary care centre in central India
Authors: Sharma D. K. , Banodha Laxman , Mahajan Pranav , Meena Anshul , Goyal Roshan
Published: December 2023

Background: The injuries involving femur and tibia fractures due to high velocity are known as floating knee injuries. These fractures may involve the shaft, metaphysis or the articular surface. There are many complications associated with these injuries. This study evaluates the functional, clinical and radiological outcomes of floating knee injuries.
Methods: A Prospective and interventional study was performed at MGMMC and MYH Hospital, Indore. We included 30 patients in our study. Femur fractures are managed by intramedullary nailing or distal femur plating. Tibia fractures are managed by Intramedullary nailing or tibia plating. Patient were called for regular follow up for a minimum of 6 months. Functional and clinical evaluation done by Karlstorm and olerud scoring system and radiological outcome by union on x rays were done.
Results: Out of 30 patients 28 (93.33%) male and 2 (6.66%) female. According to Fraser classification, 17 (56.66%) type 1, 4 (13.33%) type 2A, 4 (13.33%) type2B, 5 (16.66%) type 2C injuries. A majority of the injuries occurred due to road traffic accidents involving right limb 21 (70%) more then left 9 (30%). Knee stiffness occurred in 8, infection in femur 3, infection in tibia 2, malunion of femur 2, limb length discrepancy in 2 patients. Outcome was excellent in 5 (16.66%), Good in 10 (33.33%), Acceptable in 9 (30%) and poor in 6 (20%).
Conclusions: Fraser type 1 fracture has excellent results and Fraser type 2C has poor results. Closed fracture has better outcome compared to compound Fractures. A better functional outcome can be determined on the basis of implant choice based on Fraser Classification, level of injury, open or closed injury, simple or compound type of fracture.
A short term analysis of external rotation deficit following a combined arthroscopic bankart with remplissage and rotator interval closure for anteroinferior instability with subcritical bone loss
Authors: V. Nair Ayyappan , J. Sreejith Thampy , Rambhojun Maythilisharan , Baburaj Sruthi , Khan Prince S.
Published: December 2023

Background: Our study aims at assessing the clinical outcomes of our patients who have undergone arthroscopic bankart and remplissage along with rotator interval closure in the treatment of anteroinferior instability with subcritical bone loss, with focus on external rotation deficit.
Methods: This is a single-center retrospective study including 48 consecutive patients who underwent surgery Arthroscopic Bankarts with remplissage procedure for anterior shoulder instability with Hill-Sachs lesion. In our study, the minimum follow-up was 6 months and the average follow-up of was 21months. At the last follow-up, active range of motion, western ontario shoulder instability index (WOSI) and University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) scores were assessed.
Results: 48 patients who underwent surgery in the time period of 2019-2023 who completed minimum 6months follow up were included in the study. The average age of the patients was 31.7 years (range, 16-52 years), with 93.8% male patients and 6.2% female patients. The range of motion at follow-up was comparable with the normal side, with loss of terminal external rotation in 2 patients (4%). Average University of California at Los Angeles score was 30.7 and Western Ontario shoulder instability index was 3.8%. One patient had only one episode of subluxation and there was one case of infection.
Conclusions: The results of our study validate the combination of Remplissage and rotator interval closure with Bankart repair in the treatment of anterior instability with glenoid bone loss <15% irrespective of tracking of Hill Sachs lesion for excellent functional outcomes, least rate of recurrence and without significant loss of external rotation.
Evaluation of the clinical, functional and radiological outcomes in patients with distal tibia fractures with simple intra-articular extension treated with intramedullary multidirectional locking nail: a prospective study
Authors: Bajaj Sanket , Dhawale Raunak , Garg Rohit N.
Published: December 2023

Background: Distal tibia fractures with extension into the ankle joint (AO/OTA type 43C) poses challenge for an orthopedic surgeon, due to its subcutaneous nature and precarious blood supply. Literature has described various treatment modalities; most commonly used being locking compression pates, external fixators and intramedullary multidirectional locking nails.
Methods: This prospective study included 60 patients with distal tibia fracture AO type 43C1 and 43C2, managed with intramedullary multidirectional locking nails in a close manner, with intra-articular fragment fixation preceding the nail insertion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical, functional and radiological outcomes as well as the complications in these patients.
Results: Patients’ mean age was 48.7±16.6 years; most had type 43C1 fractures (51 patients). The mean surgery time was 88.4±17.5 minutes, performed within 5.6±2.01 days post-injury. The 30 patients had fibula fracture with syndesmotic injury which was fixed with TENS nail. The functional assessment with Johner and Wruh’s criteria; 45 patients (75%) had excellent, 12 patients (20%) had good and 3 patients (5%) had fair outcomes. The fracture union averaged 16.7±1.63 weeks (14-20 weeks). 6 patients had superficial wound complication, while 3 patients had valgus malalignment; all managed without further surgery.
Conclusions: Intramedullary nailing following specific surgical technique, and potential percutaneous screws; is a safe, effective and successful treatment option for AO/OTA types 43C1 and 43C2 fractures with high fracture union rates, high functional results, and low complication rates.
Day case orthopaedic trauma surgery effectiveness: a systematic review
Authors: Buchanan Donald , Sarhan Islam , Hind Jamie , Sidhu Gur , Dekker Andrew , Ashwood Neil
Published: December 2023

Day case surgery facilitates effective orthopaedic care for ambulatory trauma cases and can act as an effective pathway in times of reduced resource availability within acute hospitals. A systematic review of the available literature was performed using a narrative synthesis to look for themes underpinning day case trauma practice. A 25 papers were selected from a total of 9956 papers screened to identify those papers that considered day case trauma surgery and its impact on clinical outcome, patient satisfaction and feasibility of delivery within the UK. 9014 patients had day case trauma operations within the 25 papers identified, 86% had general anaesthesia and 14% either regional or local anaesthesia. The mean reported age was 37.5 years with a wide age range (2-83) years treating roughly similar proportions of men and women with a high satisfaction rate when recorded. All areas of the upper limb were operated on apart from the scapula the commonest being the wrist. In the lower limb surgery was undertaken in the knee, ankle or foot with removal of foreign body or ankle fixation being the commonest procedures undertaken. Prevalence of complications at 0.0156% of cases undergoing day case surgery was seen to be lower than in a similar group of inpatient cases. resources are stretched. Day case surgery for trauma procedures within orthopaedics is safe, cost effective and well tolerated by patients. It frees up resources to facilitate treatment and should be utilised within each hospital to enable timely care.
Dislocation of the metacarpophalangeal joint: a narrative review treatment and examination
Authors: Malisorn Saran
Published: December 2023

The dislocation of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint is complex, often occurs due to complications from excessive stretching or overextension that cannot be reduced. The volar plate moves to back of the head metacarpal bone and the base of the proximal phalanx that is near the proximal phalanx, acting as an obstruction to the contraction. Although it is true that pathophysiology is relatively complex, the resulting damage is not normal, and the reduction of such damage often depends on experience. Present a case of a complex fracture of the MCP joint, along with a review of the literature on the anatomical relationship and therapeutic armamentarium.
Nocardiosis ‘great imitator’: unusual disease with usual presentations at unusual site
Authors: Jawed Akram , Singh Ankit , Gupta Vikas
Published: December 2023

Nocardia, an aerobic actinomycete, typically affects immunosuppressed individuals, commonly manifesting in the lungs. Cutaneous infections, particularly by N. pseudobrasiliensis, can occur, presenting as lympho-cutaneous, superficial, or mycetoma subtypes. Nocardia farcinica, resistant to third-generation cephalosporins, is particularly virulent. A 50-year-old female with type 2 diabetes presented with painful nodules, bullae, and recurrent discharge over the left wrist, mimicking cellulitis. Culture-sensitivity revealed Nocardia farcinica. Treatment involved debridement, De quervain release and prolonged Linezolid therapy for a complete cure. Cutaneous Nocardiosis can mimic cellulitis, posing diagnostic challenges due to slow growth and microbiological detection. N. farcinica demonstrated resistance to conventional antibiotics. This case emphasizes the importance of considering Nocardia infections in diverse clinical presentations, highlighting the need for a comprehensive diagnostic approach, especially in immunocompromised individuals.
Study of non-motor Symptoms in Parkinsons disease and its impact on their quality of life
Authors: Mamlekar Harshal , Gomes Edwin , Ferreira Teresa
Published: December 2023

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterised by the degeneration of dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway. Its incidence ranges from 1 to 2 per 1000 in general population. Its a complex disorder characterised by motor and non-motor symptoms that can impair the quality of life (QoL). In the presence of effective symptomatic therapies for the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease, the non-motor symptoms have become the major prognostic factors determining the overall disease burden and everyday function in Parkinson’s disease patients.

Our study aimed at assessing the frequency and proportion of non-motor symptoms in PD patients and to assess their impact on QoL.

A total of 88 PD patients visiting the outpatient department of Neurology at Goa Medical College were assessed for various non-motor symptoms using a semi – structured questionnaire and appropriate scales. Quality of life was assessed using PDQ-39 questionnaire. Patients satisfying the United Kingdom Parkinson’s Disease brain bank criteria for idiopathic Parkinson’s diseases were included in the study

Single centre, Cross-sectional study.

Mean age of study population was 68 years and mean duration of the disease was 5yrs. Attention and memory were the most frequently reported domain in the study population (52 patients, 59.75 percent) followed by mood and cognition (46 patients, 52.74 percent). The least reported symptom was perceptual problems including delusions and hallucinations (11.74%) and miscellaneous domain (10.93 percent) which included pain, olfactory dysfunction, increased perspiration and weight fluctuations. The mean UPDRS (part 3) score was found to be 33.24± 17.37 with values ranging from 3.57 (mild motor impairment) to 44.64 (severe motor impairment).

The QoL assessment showed that impairment of Mobility had a major impact on QoL followed by activities of daily living and emotional well-being. Correlation between Non-motor symptoms and PDQ-39 revealed that mood, cognition and perceptual problems had an adverse outcome on their emotional well-being and deficit in attention and memory had significant outcomes on communication.

This study highlights the fact that non-motor symptoms in PD significantly impair quality of life and we should incorporate screening tools to evaluate patients with autonomic, sensory or mood disturbances so that they are detected at the earliest as most of them precede motor symptoms by decades.
A study of brains complex organs-organisms with artificial intelligence system to evolve cardinal feature-manifestations of brain`s (self-organizing)
Authors: Raju Venkateshwarla Rama
Published: December 2023

: Embedding carnal (somatic or physical) restraints over the artificial intelligent system (i.e., artificially-intelligent system) in ample the similar way that the ‘human-brain’ must grow, progress plus function in the physically real, tangible and biological constrictions that lets system to advance feature-manifestations of the brains of multifaceted organs and organisms so as to solve brain issues.

: Placing carnal restraints on AI-based model-system, i.e., artificially intelligent system.

: spatially embedded recurrent neural nets (RNNs), 3D Euclidean space, where message of fundamental neural-cells are hampered by ‘sparse-connectome’ recurrent-neural-nets (RNN).

: RNNs converge over anatomical, structural functional features universally originate within primates (cardinal, mandrill), and macaques’ cerebral/rational, brainy-cortices. Explicitly, they congregate/ (converge) over resolving implications via segmental (modular) tiny-world nets, in which functionally analogous-units spatially configure/construct themselves to use the dynamically effective varied-discerning code. Since features occur in union RNNs show how many mutual anatomical, functional-brain patterns (motifs) are deeply linked, can be ascribed to basic biologic optimization-processes.

: RNNs merge biophysical limits in AI system plus aid as a bridge amid anatomical functional researchers to move ability neuroscience on.
Girl with intermittent ataxia, myoclonus and poor scholastic perfomance – A case report
Authors: Abraham Miny Susan , Gladson Nikhil , Koshy Jiya Thankom
Published: December 2023

A numerous number of disorders are being linked with ataxia and myoclonus. Majority of causes are genetic and a growing number of genes are being connected with myoclonus-ataxia syndromes (MAS), due to recent advances in genetic techniques like Next generation Sequencing (NGS). We report a rare case of progressive myoclonus and ataxia, in a young girl who presented with action induced myoclonus, episodic ataxia and cognitive regression.
Design and optimization of runner and gating systems, in high-pressure casting and sand casting, for an aluminum alloy valve cover
Authors: KUYUMCU Alen Murat , HAKTANIR Yuşa
Published: December 2023

The weight and speed advantage of aluminum die-casting leads to its use in many parts in the automotive industry. Casting simulation programs are used, to avoid time-consuming and expensive production costs, and to design the production process. For casting production one of the most important factors is the runner design, which directly affects castability, material selection, and casting quality. With the correct design of runner systems, there will be no problem with the casting part. In this study, the final part and the runner design for the aluminum alloy valve cover were modeled in CAD, according to the empirical calculations. Furthermore, an appropriate casting method was selected for the valve cover not only according to the results of both high-pressure die-casting and sand-casting simulations but also economic calculations. The main technical parameters for selection were mold and part temperature distribution, liquid metal flow rates, cold shut possibilities, final air quantities, microporosity, and microporosity values. After the final decision, the casting part was produced with high pressure die casting by the implementation of the final runner design.
Investigation of the under-vehicle plastic protection parts manufactured by core-back injection process in terms of strength and weight
Authors: GÜLTEKİN Yasemin , AKAR Mustafa Atakan , ALTINDAĞ Anıl , DURAN Doğukan , KUMLU Umut
Published: December 2023

Material type, chemical foaming agent, NOx level, core-back distance, and cavity temperature, being the influential parameters in an injection process, significantly affect the weight-based issues and mechanical properties of the resulting product. When the product under inspection is an automotive part, in terms of both the weight and the mechanics are considered to be of high importance. This work is carried out due to a recent task, assigned to NOVARES Engineering and R&D Departments, about the weight reduction of the vehicle underbody plastic protection part (VUPPP), which is located in the rear-lower section of the vehicles. As the core-back process is mostly applied in industry to parts with thickness values of 2.5 mm, the present work involves a challenge due to the fact that before core-back the initial thickness of VUPPP changes between 1.5-1.8 mm. In this study, prototypes are produced with recycled two different polypropylene materials from (PP1 and PP2), two different chemical foaming agents (CFA-X and CFA-Y), six different core-back distances, and two different NOx levels. Finally, laboratory tests are performed on the prototypes to evaluate the weight-based and mechanical features. Experimental data are debated in particular to outline the individual and combined effects of the influential parameters.
Utilizing an integrated AHP-COPRAS approach for battery selection in electric vehicles
Authors: ABDULVAHİTOĞLU Aslı , EKMEKÇİ GÜÇLÜTEN Gözde
Published: December 2023

Internal combustion engine vehicles provide better performance and longer-range using fossil fuels such as gasoline and diesel. However, fossil fuels are non-renewable and cause environmental pollution, alternative fuels such as blends of ethanol and biodiesel, hydrogen etc have been sought for these vehicles. On the other hand, some researchers prefer to design alternative vehicles such as hybrid and electrical vehicles, instead of changing the fuel type. Among the studied topics for alternative vehicles, the battery is one of the most important components, especially in electrical vehicles. Batteries are diversified with different criteria such as battery life, nominal voltage, energy density, volumetric energy density, specific power, operating temperature, and production cost. In this study, the expert perspective was utilized when selecting the battery type to be employed for the energy source through utilizing the Integrated Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) - Complex Proportional Assessment (COPRAS), a multi-criteria decision-making approach. Various batteries such as Lead-acid (Pb-acid), Nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd), Ni-MH, Sodium Nickel Chloride (Zero Emission Battery Research Activity-ZEBRA), Lithium –Ion (Li-Ion) Battery were evaluated in terms of different criterion. Among the alternatives the Li-ion battery type is chosen as the best option and the Ni-Cd battery is the least chosen alternative.
Cost Effectiveness of Bariatric Surgical Treatment Methods: A Systematic Review
Authors: ZEYBEK Dolunay Özlem , YİĞİT Vahit
Published: December 2023

Obesity has become an epidemic today and has become one of the important public health problems. Pharmacological treatment, exercise, cognitive behavioural therapy, medical nutrition and bariatric surgery are used in the treatment of obesity. The aim of this study was to systematically identify and evaluate the national and international literature on the cost-effectiveness of bariatric surgery methods. In this context, a systematic search of electronic databases was conducted. Screening, data extraction, and critical assessment of methodological quality were evaluated according to the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS). Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) and cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) were interpreted using the outcome measure. A total of 448 articles were accessed and the full text of 164 articles was analysed. Within the framework of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 20 articles were included in the study. According to the studies in the literature, bariatric surgery is a low-cost or cost-saving treatment option in the long term. There is limited evidence about the long-term clinical effects and safety of bariatric surgery. Therefore, further studies in this context will significantly contribute to the results of cost-effectiveness studies.
Conservative or liberal? Patterns of professional and family roles of female specialists: A study of professional biographies in the Human Resources Management sector
Authors: Piekarska Aleksandra
Published: December 2023

The Human Resources Management industry is feminised and gives women the opportunity to achieve high managerial and expert positions. Female specialists in this field, who are strongly involved in their professional duties, are subject to twofold pressure. On the one hand, they are expected to adjust their working style and time management to the needs of the world of business, governed by the rules of liberalism. On the other hand, they are confronted with traditional expectations concerning family roles. The aim of this article is to present the strategies of combining professional and domestic roles and the ways of coping with the organisation of time and space in a complex life situation by women for whom professional work is an important element of identity and who have a sense of high value of their work. Selected aspects of women’s work are presented on the example of professional biographies obtained from narrative interviews with female informants working in the HR industry. The results of the study indicate three strategies of combining professional and family roles, which can be set on a scale from the most liberal to a mix of traditional and liberal models.
Gościnność w czasie kryzysu migracyjnego. Przypadek wyspy Lesbos
Authors: Ferenc Tomasz
Published: December 2023

Tekst koncentruje się na fenomenie gościnności okazywanej emigrantom przez mieszkańców greckiej wyspy Lesbos w latach 2015–2016. Tłem analizowanego zjawiska jest „kryzys migracyjny”, który w regionie Morza Egejskiego miał szczególnie silne natężenie. W artykule podjęto próbę przeanalizowania motywacji podejmowania działań na rzecz emigrantów w oparciu o zgromadzone w czasie badań terenowych wywiady i przeprowadzone obserwacje. Wskazano na trzy dominujące eksplikacje, określające źródła gościnności. Kolejno odwoływały się one do wciąż żywych na wyspie lewicowych tradycji, emigracyjnych doświadczeń wielu mieszkańców, w tym także do zakorzenienia w ważnej dla historii wyspy wymiany ludności między Grecją a Turcją oraz do ideologii i działań aktywnych tam środowisk anarchistycznych. W tekście wskazano także na obecność sił społecznych przeciwnych emigrantom oraz na związany z masowym pojawieniem się emigrantów konflikt.
Rola tematyki imigracyjnej we francuskiej kampanii prezydenckiej w 2017 roku
Authors: Podgórska Katarzyna
Published: December 2023

Wybory prezydenckie we Francji w 2017 r. przyniosły „przewidywane zaskoczenie” – zwycięstwo Emmanuela Macrona odmieniło francuską scenę polityczną. Sama kampania także była inna – wszyscy najważniejsi kandydaci definiowali się jako antyestablishmentowi, co w porównaniu do doświadczeń klasycznych podziałów lewica – prawica z poprzednich kampanii stanowiło nowość. Niezmienne było jednak to, że tematyka imigracyjna stanowiła – jak od wielu lat w tym państwie – istotny element kampanii wyborczej. Celem artykułu jest odpowiedź na pytanie, czy kwestie dotyczące migracji były w jakiś sposób
decydujące dla rezultatu kampanii. W tym kontekście warto postawić i inne pytania. Czy debata
polityczna wokół imigracji w okresie wyborczym różniła się od tej z kampanii w roku 2012? Jak,
w nowym kontekście międzynarodowym (kryzys uchodźczy, doświadczenia zamachów terrorystycznych, podziały w Unii Europejskiej, wygrana Donalda Trumpa w Stanach Zjednoczonych,
odrodzenie postaw populistycznych i nacjonalistycznych w Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej),
stawiano pytania o obecność imigrantów i ich integrację w Republice? Wreszcie – co definiuje
efekt wyborów: wygrana Macrona czy przegrana Le Pen? Tekst opiera się na analizie zawartości
programów wyborczych i okołowyborczego dyskursu publicznego.
Use of endophytic microorganisms for the management of Tomato brown rugose fruit virus in tomato crop (Solamun lycopersicum)
Authors: Ramos-Villanueva Carlos D. , Carrillo-Benitez Guadalupe , Zamora-Macorra Erika J. , Santiago-Elena Eduardo , Ramírez-Alarcón Samuel , Jimenez-Vidals Jezrael , Ávila-López Ricardo
Published: December 2023

The Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) is one of the main pathogens affecting tomato crops in Mexico. Despite efforts to prevent its spread, it is nearly impossible due to its low transmission percentage through seeds and its high susceptibility to being transmitted through cultural practices. Therefore, alternative management strategies are being sought. This research aimed to determine the effect of endophytic microorganisms applied to the soil on tomato plants infected with ToBRFV. A tomato plant was used as an experimental unit, with 13 repetitions per treatment. The treatments on tomato plants infected with ToBRFV were Beauveria peruviencis, Trichoderma longibrachiatum, Pseudomonas sp. And water as a sick witness; a treatment of healthy plants treated with water was also included as an absolute control. The response variables were plant height, fresh weight of the aerial part and root and severity (two evaluations). Measurements were analyzed using Tukey-Kramer HSD tests for each pair. Significant differences were found Beauveria peruviencis, Trichoderma longibrachiatum, Pseudomonas sp. and water as a sick witness. The treatment that most favored the development of infected plants (79% taller and 15% heavier than infected mock) and reduced its severity was B. peruviensis, followed by Pseudomonas sp. On the other hand, the treatment that resulted in the least plant development (31% smaller than infected mock) and even increased the severity of the infection was T. longibrachiatum.
Genus Orthotospovirus in Costa Rica: A Central American case
Authors: Montero-Astúa Mauricio , Dejuk-Protti Natasha , Bermúdez-Gómez David , Vásquez Céspedes Elena , Sandoval-Carvajal Izayana , Garita-Salazar Laura , Albertazzi Federico J. , Adkins Scott , Moreira-Carmona Lisela
Published: December 2023

The Orthotospovirus genus encompasses a range of economically significant and emerging plant viruses that affect a variety of crops globally. While the prevalence and characteristics of these phytopathogenic viruses are extensively documented in North and South America, their presence in Central America remains comparatively underexplored. This study focuses on Costa Rica, strategically positioned at the nexus of North and South America, to enhance our understanding of orthotospovirus in this region. We analyzed 295 plant samples using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to test for the presence of INSV, IYSV, TSWV, and the GRSV/TCSV serogroup. Additionally, a subset (20 samples) underwent further scrutiny through reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) employing both universal and species-specific primers. Our ELISA results indicated the absence of TSWV and the GRSV/TCSV serogroup. However, the presence of INSV in Costa Rica was substantiated through ELISA, RT-PCR, and partial sequencing, revealing its prevalence in both open-field and greenhouse environments. Despite previous diagnostic reports suggesting the presence of TSWV in Costa Rica, our study did not detect this virus. RT-PCR analysis with degenerate primers also found no evidence of other orthotospovirus species in our samples. The identification of a dominant INSV haplotype, along with three additional variants, suggests the likelihood of at least two independent virus introductions into the region. These findings underscore the necessity for more comprehensive surveys and research on orthotospoviruses in Central America to better understand their epidemiology and impact on agriculture.
Viruses and viroids in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria as a management alternative
Authors: Zamora-Macorra Erika Janet , Ávila-Alistac Norma , Lagunes-Fortiz Erika , de los Santos-Villalobos Sergio
Published: December 2023

Viruses and viroids cause several diseases in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) worldwide, generating important economic losses. About 312 viruses and seven viroids have been associated, of which more than 28 are present in Mexico. Therefore, the use of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) can be an effective alternative for the management of viruses and viroids. The genera Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Azospirillum, Anabena and Stenotrophomonas have been implemented against main viruses reported in tomato: Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), Tomato chlorotic spot virus (TCSV), Tomato mottle virus (ToMoV), Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), Potato virus Y (PVY), Groundnut bud necrosis virus (GBNV), with benefits in decreased incidence and severity up to 80 % and yield increase over 40 %. In Mexico, only Bacillus has been used. The use of PGPR is a strategy that could mitigate the impact of viral and viroid diseases and can be integrated into integrated management.
Current situation of viticulture in Costa Rica and management strategies for downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola)
Authors: Castrillo-Sequeira Daniel , Jiménez-Robles Rodrigo , Granados-Montero Milagro
Published: December 2023

Viticulture is one of the oldest agricultural activities, and its exploitation has traditionally been limited to temperate climate zones, where the european grapevine (Vitis vinifera) and wine originate. Given the effects of climate change, more areas lose the capacity to grow this crop, and the tropics are presented as potential regions for this market. In Costa Rica, viticultural activity has been reported since the mid-20th century, however, technical information on the crop is scarce. Downy mildew, caused by the oomycete Plasmopara viticola, represents one of the diseases with the greatest economic impact for viticulture worldwide, as well as the most limiting phytosanitary problem in Costa Rica. Under high humidity conditions, the development of the pathogen is accelerated, and the host remains susceptible throughout the crop cycle, which makes proper management of epidemics difficult. Chemical control is the most common management strategy around the world, however, the appearance of P. viticola populations with resistance to fungicides has been observed in most grape vine-growing areas, hence the search for more ecological alternatives is a necessity. Currently, Costa Rica does not have integrated management strategies that allow sustainable production, and there is only one registered product for protection against this pathogen. This situation justifies paying more attention to the investigation of this pathosystem.
Современные технологии как угроза национальному менталитету
Authors: Ковалев А.А.
Published: December 2023

Национальный менталитет является фундаментальной основой бытия нации. Он повышает адаптационный потенциал своих носителей, позволяет им сохранять свою идентичность и существовать в качестве единой группы, объединенной по национальному признаку. Современные технологии как неотъемлемый атрибут настоящего времени неизбежно взаимодействует с национальным менталитетом, который является важной составляющей жизнедеятельности общества. Предметом исследования выступает анализ роли информационных, когнитивных и психологических технологий как каналов передачи деструктивной информации, угрожающей национальному менталитету. Эти технологии, являясь основными источниками информации для нации во всех значимых сферах жизни, способны влиять на ценностные ориентации и мыслительные процессы, которые формируют национальное сознание. Цель: рассмотрение заявленных современных технологий в качестве угроз национальному менталитету как основе жизнедеятельности общества. Методы: философско-культурологический подход, а также на психологический и антропологический анализ, благодаря которым были обнаружены основы существования общества современности, которое, несмотря на ориентацию на технологический прогресс и возможности современных технологий, не отходит полностью от ценностей национального менталитета. Результаты: определено влияние современных технологий на национальный менталитет, носящее негативный характер. Это позволяет резюмировать, что новые технологии не только упрощают жизнь и выводят ее на более высокий уровень развития, но и подрывают ее основы, становясь угрозой. Выводы: современные технологии могут представлять угрозу национальному менталитету в случае их применения в информационных, когнитивных и психологических войнах, а также в случае непродуманных акций с целью положительно повлиять на него. Зачастую война смыслов (война нового поколения) именуется как информационно-психологическая война с использованием новейших достижений науки и техники, среди которых информационные, когнитивные и психологические инструменты. Дальнейшие исследования в данной сфере являются весьма перспективными, так как в настоящее время нарастает противостояние двух противоположных процессов – глобализации и регионализации, усиливаются межцивилизационные противоречия, а также продолжаются разработки в области совершенствования методов некинетической войны, которая нередко предстает в виде образа третьей мировой войны.
Анализ подходов к оценке уровня жизни населения
Authors: Фаттахов Р.В. , Строев П.В.
Published: December 2023

Актуальность связана с необходимостью существенного повышения уровня жизни населения в регионах Российской Федерации. Данная задача определена в ряде документов стратегического развития федерального уровня и многократно обозначалась в исследованиях отечественных ученых. Более того, ее решением относительно собственных территорий активно занимаются зарубежные экономисты. Однако сложность и многоаспектность понятия «уровень жизни» приводят к тому, что противоречия наблюдаются не только на понятийном уровне, но и в отношении методов измерения данного показателя. Цель: анализ существующих подходов к оценке уровня жизни населения для дальнейшего наиболее подходящего выбора или разработки собственного подхода. Основной метод исследования − сопоставление различных отечественных и зарубежных подходов, включая анализ используемых показателей. Результаты: можно выделить несколько ключевых методов оценки уровня жизни населения. К ним в первую очередь относятся различные оценки финансов населения, в том числе анализ величины доходов, расходов, уровня бедности и неравенства. Применяются также косвенные характеристики, описывающие макроэкономические параметры развития регионов и стран, а в ряде случаев – альтернативные метрики. Отдельную группу составляют методы, базирующиеся на опросах населения и экспертных оценках. В то же время наиболее перспективным направлением является формирование комплексных показателей, учитывающих различные составляющие уровня жизни. Перспективы дальнейшего исследования заключаются в разработке подхода, который бы позволял не только комплексно оценить текущий уровень жизни в регионах России, но и давал возможность проводить анализ целесообразности реализации той или иной государственной политики в данной области.
Карьерное ориентирование студентов томских университетов (системный подход)
Authors: Зайцева Т.А. , Орлова В.В.
Published: December 2023

Актуальность: обеспечение занятости и содействие профессиональному развитию молодых специалистов – основные направления российской государственной молодежной политики. Задача по стабилизации рынка труда находит отражение в социальной политике государства, поскольку эти показатели влияют и на макроэкономическое развитие страны. Однако оценка занятости выпускников вузов и их поведение на рынке труда показывают низкую осознанность в выборе профессии. Данная ситуация воздействует на формирование контрольных цифр приема абитуриентов на бюджетные и платные места в вузы, экономическую составляющую страны, нецелесообразные затраты государства на определённый процент молодых специалистов, а в текущих условиях корреляция этих показателей, скорее всего, будет отрицательной. Цель: актуализировать авторскую систему карьерного ориентирования молодежи для комплексной подготовки студентов университетов и повышения эффективности их трудоустройства с возможностью ее внедрения в вузы. Методы: анализ литературы и источников по теме исследования, компаративный анализ, ретроспективный анализ информации, закрытый формализованный анонимный опрос, пилотная апробация системы. Результаты: изучена занятость выпускников трех томских вузов, рассмотрена ситуация на рынке труда в России и по отдельным аспектам в Томской области; обосновано, что проблема эффективной занятости является актуальной и привлекает внимание правительства; проведена работа по актуализации авторской системы карьерного ориентирования, которая частично уже внедрена в работу Центра карьеры Томского государственного университета систем управления и радиоэлектроники; предложены рекомендации по внедрению системы. Выводы: система карьерного ориентирования может быть использована в университетах России, что окажет положительное влияние на занятость молодых специалистов, а следовательно, на стабильность рынка труда и экономическую, социальную составляющие политики государства.
Перверсия цифрового мира: этика ChatGPT в контексте психоанализа и социальной философии
Authors: Сединин Я.A.
Published: December 2023

Актуальность: рассматривая широкое влияние на общество генеративного искусственного интеллекта, в частности ChatGPT, данная статья сосредотачивает внимание на недостаточно изученной теме − основанной на психоанализе этике искусственного интеллекта. Поскольку искусственный интеллект начинает формировать структуру человеческих взаимоотношений, исследование подчеркивает необходимость понимания этической сути возникающих отношений, опосредованных искусственным интеллектом. Цель: рассмотреть взаимодействие субъекта с искусственным интеллектом, которое первертирует субъекта в психоаналитическом смысле. Это очевидно в контексте позиционирования ChatGPT как другого, избавленного от «имени отца», что дает чат-боту доступ к ненормативной сфере символического. Таким образом, субъект получает возможность испытывать удовольствие от ошибок искусственного интеллекта, как если бы ошибки были совершены самим субъектом. Это приводит к ситуации «исключенного включения», характерной для структуры перверсии. Методы: методы, заимствованные из психоаналитической теории З. Фрейда и Ж. Лакана, представляющей новый взгляд на то, как искусственный интеллект, рассматриваемый в качестве другого, может изменить субъективность человека; общие философские методы, в частности герменевтический. Результаты: данная работа утверждает, что субъект вступает в «двойные» перверсионные отношения при взаимодействии с ChatGPT, с одной стороны, из-за близости искусственного интеллекта и лакановского концепта «нежити», избавленного от взаимодействия отношений «символическое−реальное», с другой − из-за получения субъектом удовольствия от ошибок искусственного интеллекта. Важным результатом является артикуляция аргумента относительно негативного влияния взаимодействия с искусственным интеллектом на творческий потенциал субъекта, что требует дальнейшей разработки проблемы воздействия искусственного интеллекта на человеческую психику и креативность. Выводы: признается незаменимая ценность ChatGPT как инструмента для отбора, компиляции и обработки данных в современном обществе. Тем не менее научное сообщество, особенно учёные в области гуманитарных наук, должно обратить особое внимание на психоаналитические перспективы изучения искусственного интеллекта, изложенные С. Жижеком, Н. Хомским, Д. Роузелем и М. Мерфи в их дискуссии 2023 г. Это подчеркивает важность анализа этических последствий искусственного интеллекта в отношении бессознательной работы и психики субъекта. Таким образом, данная статья представляет собой существенное дополнение к дискурсу об искусственном интеллекте в свете психоаналитической теории, особенно в контексте рефлексии последствий отношений между искусственным интеллектом и человеком.
Стратегическое финансовое планирование деятельности туристических организаций Республики Беларусь
Authors: Рудковская О.Г. , Шаврук Ю.А. , Барышева Г.А. , Недоспасова О.П.
Published: December 2023

Актуальность: в статье рассмотрены теоретические основы стратегического финансового планирования. Цель: раскрыть особенности влияния внешних факторов на разработку альтернатив стратегии устойчивого развития предприятия. Методы: метод STEEM, с помощью которого проведен анализ влияния внешней среды на деятельность организаций сферы туризма в Республике Беларусь. В процессе присвоения весовых коэффициентов каждому из выявленных факторов принимали участие эксперты-исследователи из Белорусского государственного экономического университета. Предложен алгоритм определения финансовых целей и задач стратегического развития организаций туристической отрасли, составления функциональной зависимости одного из вариантов финансовой стратегии развития туристической компании. Проведена структуризация финансовых целей и задач стратегического развития туристической организации в соответствии с его этапом жизненного цикла и конкурентного положения в отрасли. Построение финансовой стратегии организации позволяет учесть влияние макроэкономических факторов при разработке ее альтернативных моделей, многообразие финансовых отношений компании и выявить закономерности взаимодействия с внешней средой. Отмечена важность учета изменений в социальной структуре общества, обусловленных повышением среднего возраста потребителей в сфере туристического бизнеса.
Формирование компетенций участников студенческих научных объединений в системе «вуз–работодатель» на примере Иркутского национального исследовательского технического университета
Authors: Сидорова Н.В. , Якубова А.А.
Published: December 2023

Актуальность: статья посвящена анализу роли научно-исследовательской деятельности в становлениии развитии профессиональных и личностных компетенций обучающихся вузов, а также исследованиюособенностей их профессиональной мотивации в процессе взаимодействия в системе «вуз−работодатель−студент». Эти компоненты обучения в вузе являются ключевыми для формированияпрофессиональных знаний, умений и навыков студентов, а также их интереса и потребности в дальнейшем росте собственного потенциала. Цель: проанализировать особенности формирования компетенций студентов в ходе их участия в научно-исследовательской работе; выявить мотивацию их деятельности в студенческих научных объединениях; определить оценки научно-исследовательской и учебной деятельности, а также их взгляды на свое профессиональное будущее. Методы: количественная стратегия социологического исследования, метод анкетирования. В ходе опроса соблюдались все процедурные требования к реализации метода анкетирования в практике эмпирического исследования. Выборка – репрезентативная, сплошная, опрошены все студенты, являющиеся участниками студенческих научных объединений Иркутского национального исследовательского технического университета. Результаты: определены компетенции и ценности, являющиеся базовыми для формирования профессионализма студента – будущего участника взаимодействия на рынке труда. Оценена роль системы взаимодействия «вуз–работодатель–студент». Сотрудничество вуза и работодателей в целом может рассматриваться как перспективное и эффективное направление, усиливающее процесс формирования научно-исследовательских и профессиональных компетенций студентов. Успешность функционирования данной системы отношений в рамках вузовской среды напрямую влияет на развитие профессиональной мотивации обучающихся.