bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scientific production in palliative care and occupational therapy: scoping review / Produção científica em cuidados paliativos e terapia ocupacional: revisão de escopo
Authors: Nascimento Wanessa Maria Silva do , Moreira Márcia Adriana Dias Meireles , Braga Ana Paula Morais , Costa Andréia Cristina Barbosa , Freire Maria Eliane Moreira , Costa Isabelle Cristinne Pinto
Published: December 2020

Objetivos: Caracterizar a produção científica sobre os cuidados paliativos e a terapia ocupacional publicada em periódicos online, e identificar os enfoques abordados nas publicações selecionadas para o estudo. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão de escopo, cuja pesquisa foi realizada nas bases de dados MEDLINE, LILACS, IBECS e INDEX PSI, em artigos publicados entre 2000 e julho de 2019, cujas amostras contemplaram 29 estudos. Resultado: Da análise, resultaram seis categorias que contemplam temas sobre o perfil, papel, intervenções, dificuldades, tecnologia da informação e atenção domiciliar da terapia ocupacional em cuidados paliativos, com predominância de artigos em inglês. Conclusão: Os achados desta pesquisa revelam poucas evidências sobre o perfil dos terapeutas ocupacionais e grandes desafios — como atualizações na prática atual e no currículo educacional, sendo fundamental o desenvolvimento de novas pesquisas voltadas a demonstrar a eficácia das intervenções, à melhoria do desempenho ocupacional e à qualidade de vida do paciente.
Influence of dysphagia on the quality of life of cancer patients in palliative care / Influência da disfagia na qualidade de vida de pacientes com câncer em cuidados paliativos
Authors: Lucena Vívian Lisboa , Almeida Thiago Lins da Costa , Cruz Raphaela de Lima , Souto Priscilla Alves Nóbrega Gambarra , Vanderlei João Paulo de Medeiros , Silva Filho Cláudio Emmanuel Gonçalves da
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: Investigar a influência da disfagia na qualidade de vida de pacientes com câncer em cuidados paliativos. Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo de campo, exploratório descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa. Para analise dos dados foram utilizados os testes Qui-quadrado, o software estatístico R (v2.11.0) e considerada significância menor a 5%. Resultados: Foram incluídos 35 pacientes, com prevalência do gênero feminino (77%), idade média de 45 anos e diagnóstico de câncer de mama (37%) e de pulmão (14%). Nesse estudo observou que sintomas relacionados às alterações na deglutição estiveram presentes: na consistência líquida e sólida, a tosse (20,0% e 8,6% respectivamente), na pastosa estase em cavidade oral (8,6%) e tempo prolongado de alimentação (8,6%). As alterações na deglutição influenciaram na qualidade de vida dos pacientes (37%), com associação do escape de alimento, estase, ruído e tosse. Conclusão: A ocorrência da disfagia declina a qualidade de vida de pacientes com câncer em cuidados paliativos.
Bimetallic PdxNi1‐x and PdxCo1‐x nanoparticles supported on K‐OMS‐2: Highly active, environmentally friendly and reusable nanocatalysts for the Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reactions in water
Authors: Durap Feyyaz , Gülen Yasemin , Abay Ayşe , Bulut Ahmet , Yurderi Mehmet , Aydemir Murat , Baysal Akın , Zahmakiran Mehmet
Published: December 2020

Addressed herein is the catalysis of bimetallic PdxNi1‐x and PdxCo1‐x nanoparticles (NPs) supported on a cryptomelane‐type manganese oxide (K‐OMS‐2) solid for the Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐couplings of phenylboronic acid with various aryl halides. Bimetallic PdxNi1‐x and PdxCo1‐x NPs were prepared by using a conventional one‐step impregnation–reduction method. Among these catalysts with different compositions of Ni and Pd or Co and Pd, the Pd0.2Ni0.8 and Pd0.2Co0.8 catalysts showed the highest activity in the Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐couplings of various aryl halides including iodides, bromides, and even chlorides with phenylboronic acid in ambient air and water under reflux conditions. The Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction proceeded efficiently in the presence of Pd0.2Ni0.8@K‐OMS‐2 and Pd0.2Co0.8@K‐OMS‐2 NPs under the optimized conditions in water. Pd0.2Ni0.8@K‐OMS‐2 and Pd0.2Co0.8@K‐OMS‐2 NPs provided high conversions up to 98% and 99% and turnover frequencies of 11,760 and 11,880 h−1 in the cross‐coupling of phenylboronic acid with 1‐bromo‐4‐nitrobenzene. More importantly, these new supported Pd0.2Ni0.8@K‐OMS‐2 and Pd0.2Co0.8@K‐OMS‐2 NPs were found to be highly durable nanocatalyst throughout the reusability experiments, and they maintain almost their inherent activity after 10th and 5th catalytic cycle, respectively. Bimetallic Pd0.2Ni0.8@K‐OMS‐2 and Pd0.2Co0.8@K‐OMS‐2 NPs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X‐ray (SEM‐EDX), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and ICAPQ inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP‐MS) analyses.
Synergistic reinforcing of poly(lactic acid) by poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) and alumina nanoparticles
Authors: Chen Jie , Hu Rong‐Rong , Jin Fan‐Long , Park Soo‐Jin
Published: December 2020

Biodegradable poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) blends and PLA/PBAT/Al2O3 nanocomposites were fabricated via solution blending. The influence of PBAT and Al2O3 content on the thermal stability, flexural properties, impact strength, and morphology of both the PLA/PBAT blends and the PLA/PBAT/Al2O3 nanocomposites were investigated. The impact strength of the PLA/PBAT/Al2O3 nanocomposites containing 5 wt% PBAT increased from 4.3 to 5.2 kJ/m2 when the Al2O3 content increased from 0 to 1 wt%. This represents a 62% increase compared to the impact strength of pristine PLA and a 20% increase compared to the impact strength of PLA/PBAT blends containing 5 wt% PBAT. Scanning electron microscopy imaging revealed that the Al2O3 nanoparticles in the PLA/PBAT/Al2O3 nanocomposites function as a compatibilizer to improve the interfacial interaction between the PBAT and the PLA matrix.
In situ co‐polymerization of high‐performance polybenzoxazine/silica aerogels for flame‐retardancy and thermal insulation
Authors: Xiao Yunyun , Li Liangjun , Cai Huafei , Liu Fengqi , Zhang Sizhao , Feng Junzong , Jiang Yonggang , Feng Jian
Published: December 2020

Materials with high‐performance thermal insulation and excellent flame‐resistance are incredibly desirable for energy conservation and fire safety. In this study, a novel hybrid nanostructure network polybenzoxazine/silica (PBO/SiO2) aerogels were fabricated through facile in situ co‐polymerization sol‐gel methods with ambient pressure drying using benzoxazine (BO) monomers and SiO2 sol as reaction source, N, N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) as the solvent and hydrochloric acid (HCl) as the catalyst. The hybrid nanostructure network was retained by polymerization–induced nanoscale phase separation of PBO and SiO2. The resulting PBO/SiO2 aerogels exhibited finer microstructure, lower density (0.18 g/cm3), thermal conductivity (0.031 W/m·K), and better flame‐resistance in comparison with PBO aerogels. They demonstrated an excellent compressive strength of 0.81 to 1.12 MPa at 10% deformation. The remarkable improvement in thermal insulation and flame‐resistance of PBO/SiO2 aerogels could be attributed to the combined effects of finer microstructure and formation of SiO2 that was “in‐situ” interpenetrated and interacted with silanols (Si‐OH) in the PBO network during the combustion process. The successful synthesis of PBO/SiO2 aerogels highlights the possibility of fabricating a novel high‐performance thermal insulation and excellent flame‐resistance used for energy‐efficient buildings.
RNA Sequencing Reveals Interacting Key Determinants of Osteoarthritis Acting in Subchondral Bone and Articular Cartilage: Identification of IL11 and CHADL as Attractive Treatment Targets
Authors: Tuerlings Margo , van Hoolwerff Marcella , Houtman Evelyn , Suchiman Eka H. E. D. , Lakenberg Nico , Mei Hailiang , van der Linden Enrike H. M. J. , Nelissen Rob R. G. H. H. , Ramos Yolande Y. F. M. , Coutinho de Almeida Rodrigo , Meulenbelt Ingrid
Published: December 2020

Objective

To identify key determinants of the interactive pathophysiologic processes in subchondral bone and cartilage in osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods

We performed RNA sequencing on macroscopically preserved and lesional OA subchondral bone from patients in the Research Arthritis and Articular Cartilage study who underwent joint replacement surgery due to OA (n = 24 sample pairs: 6 hips and 18 knees). Unsupervised hierarchical clustering and differential expression analyses were conducted. Results were combined with data on previously identified differentially expressed genes in cartilage (partly overlapping samples) as well as data on recently identified OA risk genes.

Results

We identified 1,569 genes that were significantly differentially expressed between lesional and preserved subchondral bone, including CNTNAP2 (fold change [FC] 2.4, false discovery rate [FDR] 3.36 × 10−5) and STMN2 (FC 9.6, FDR 2.36 × 10−3). Among these 1,569 genes, 305 were also differentially expressed, and with the same direction of effect, in cartilage, including the recently recognized OA susceptibility genes IL11 and CHADL. Upon differential expression analysis with stratification for joint site, we identified 509 genes that were exclusively differentially expressed in subchondral bone of the knee, including KLF11 and WNT4. These genes that were differentially expressed exclusively in the knee were enriched for involvement in epigenetic processes, characterized by, e.g., HIST1H3J and HIST1H3H.

Conclusion

IL11 and CHADL were among the most consistently differentially expressed genes OA pathophysiology–related genes in both bone and cartilage. As these genes were recently also identified as robust OA risk genes, they classify as attractive therapeutic targets acting on 2 OA‐relevant tissues.
Inflammatory Myositis in Cancer Patients Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Authors: Aldrich Jeffrey , Pundole Xerxes , Tummala Sudhakar , Palaskas Nicolas , Andersen Clark R. , Shoukier Mahran , Abdel‐Wahab Noha , Deswal Anita , Suarez‐Almazor Maria E.
Published: December 2020

Objective

To estimate the incidence of immune checkpoint inhibitor–related myositis (ICI‐myositis) in cancer patients receiving ICIs, and to report associated clinical manifestations, patterns of care, and outcomes.

Methods

We identified a retrospective cohort of patients receiving ICIs between 2016 and 2019 seen at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. Cases of ICI‐myositis were identified using International Classification of Disease codes and confirmed by reviewing medical records and pathology, as available.

Results

A total of 9,088 patients received an ICI. Thirty‐six patients (0.40%) were identified as having ICI‐myositis: 17 patients (47%) with ICI‐myositis alone and 19 (53%) with overlap manifestations (5 patients with myocarditis, 5 with myasthenia gravis, and 9 with both). The incidence of ICI‐myositis was 0.31% in those receiving ICI monotherapy and 0.94% in those receiving combination ICI therapy (relative risk 3.1 [95% confidence interval 1.5–6.1]). Twenty‐five patients (69%) received ≥1 treatment in addition to glucocorticoids: plasmapheresis in 17 patients (47%), intravenous immunoglobulin in 12 (33%), and biologics in 11 (31%). Patients with overlap conditions had worse outcomes than those with myositis alone, and 79% of them developed respiratory failure. Eight patients died as a result of ICI‐myositis, and all had overlap syndrome with myasthenia gravis or myocarditis (P < 0.05); 75% of these patients had a concomitant infection.

Conclusion

ICI‐myositis is a rare but severe adverse event. More than half of the patients presented with overlap manifestations and had deleterious outcomes, including respiratory failure and death. None of the patients with ICI‐myositis alone died as a result of adverse events. Optimal treatment strategies have yet to be determined.
Industry 4.0 and circular economy: An exploratory analysis of academic and practitioners' perspectives
Authors: Massaro Maurizio , Secinaro Silvana , Dal Mas Francesca , Brescia Valerio , Calandra Davide
Published: December 2020

The union between Industry 4.0 and the circular economy (CE) appears relatively recent. In this sense, new trading zones for sharing a common scenario among academics and practitioners are needed. The paper aims to investigate the link between Industry 4.0 and the CE by understanding how Industry 4.0 can foster the impact of the CE on companies. The study proposes a broader perspective that includes thematic and content analysis gathering data on professional documents based on business cases, newspaper articles, press releases and specialised blogs, as well as scientific papers. The joint academic‐practitioners view highlights how Industry 4.0 has the potential to impact on the CE through countless actions: increasing waste disposal; promoting remanufacturing; enhancing the efficiency of critical resources such as water, energy, gas and CO2; and improving business models and the mission of companies. However, barriers still exist in its adoption, stressing the need for holistic and integrated design and a proactive environment of collaboration among stakeholders. Results lead to practical as well as research implications.
The impact of motivation, intention, and contextual factors on green purchasing behavior: New energy vehicles as an example
Authors: He Zhengxia , Zhou Yanqing , Wang Jianming , Li Cunfang , Wang Meiling , Li Wenbo
Published: December 2020

Green purchasing behavior is of great significance to the realization of carbon reduction goals. Through in‐depth interviews, this study uses new energy vehicles to explore the driving factors of green purchase. It applies grounded theory for a qualitative analysis, the results of which show that behavior motivation, behavior intentions, residential characteristics, social norms, behavior ability, and institutional and technological context are the main factors of green purchase, albeit in inconsistent ways. It is found that behavior motivation indirectly affects green purchase through behavior intention; residents' characteristics, behavioral ability, social norms, and the institutional and technological context have moderating effects on the relationship between behavior intention and green purchase, indicating the existence of an “intention–behavior” gap. The study proposes the comprehensive model of Motivation–Intention–Context–Behavior to explain the driving factors for green purchase and provides policy implications on marketing strategy to companies producing green products.
Tumor suppressing effects of tristetraprolin and its small double‐stranded RNAs in bladder cancer
Authors: Jiang Wen , Zhu Dandan , Wang Chenghe , Zhu Yu
Published: December 2020

Bladder cancer (BCa) is a common malignant tumor of urinary system with few treatments, so more useful therapeutic targets are still needed. Antitumor effects of tristetraprolin (TTP) have been explored in many type tumors, but its roles in bladder cancer are still unknown until now. In this study, public expression profiles and tissue microarray analysis showed that TTP mRNA and protein levels decreased in BCa relative to the normal bladder tissue. To explore biological functions of TTP in BCa, 488 TTP target genes, which could be both suppressed and bound by TTP, were identified by comprehensively analyzing publicly available high‐throughput data obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Gene enrichment analysis showed that these genes were enriched in pathways such as cell cycle, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), and Wnt signaling. Clustering analysis and gene set variation analysis indicated that patients with high expression of TTP target genes had poorer prognosis and stronger tumor proliferation ability relative to the BCa patients with low expression of TTP target genes. In vitro experiments validated that TTP could suppress proliferation, migration, and invasiveness of BCa cells. And TTP could suppress mRNA expression of cyclin‐dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) in BCa cells by target its 3′ UTR. Then, we identified a new small double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) named dsTTP‐973 which could increase TTP expression in BCa cells, in vivo and in vitro experiments revealed that dsTTP‐973 could suppress aggressiveness of BCa. In conclusion, TTP played a role of tumor suppressor gene in BCa like other tumors, and its dsRNA named dsTTP‐973 could induce TTP expression in BCa and suppress aggressiveness of BCa. With the help of materials science, dsTTP‐973 may become a potential treatment for BCa in the future.
Deep vein thrombosis: An unusual way of revealing microscopic polyangiitis. Deep vein thrombosis in microscopic polyangiitis
Authors: Jerbi Mouna , Ghabi Hiba , Gaied Hanene , Khadhar Mariem , Aoudia Raja , Goucha Rim , Ben Abdallah Taieb
Published: December 2020

Unexplained deep vein thrombosis may justify screening for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody‐associated vasculitis as it can be an unusual presentation of this disease.
Four‐Coordinated Manganese(II) Disilyl Complexes for the Hydrosilylation of Aldehydes and Ketones with 1,1,3,3‐Tetramethyldisiloxane
Authors: Saito Kyoka , Ito Tatsuyoshi , Arata Shogo , Sunada Yusuke
Published: December 2020

The coordinatively unsaturated manganase(II) bis(supersilyl) complex Mn[Si(SiMe3)3]2(THF)2 (2) was synthesized in one step via the reaction of MnBr2 with two equivalents of KSi(SiMe3)3 in THF. Complex 2 acts as an effective precatalyst for the catalytic hydrosilylation of aldehydes and ketones with 1,1,3,3‐tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDS). The catalytic efficiency can be improved by combining 2 and adamantyl isocyanide (CNAd). The stoichiometric reaction of 2 and two equivalents of CNAd led to the isolation of Mn[Si(SiMe3)3]2(CNAd)2 (3) in high yield. Complex 3 shows superior catalytic performance than 2 in the hydrosilylation of relatively unreactive ketones.
Facilitating Oxygen Redox on Manganese Oxide Nanosheets by Tuning Active Species and Oxygen Defects for Zinc‐Air Batteries
Authors: Zhong Yijun , Dai Jie , Xu Xiaomin , Su Chao , Shao Zongping
Published: December 2020

Bifunctional oxygen catalyst is an important component in the cathode for rechargeable zinc‐air batteries. MnO2 catalysts have aroused intense interests owing to their promising activity for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), which, however, is still not comparable to precious metal catalysts. To improve the ORR catalysis and meet the requirement for a bifunctional oxygen catalyst, MnO2 nanosheets are modified with Co, Ni or Fe via a facile solution‐based method. Among the modified samples, Co−MnO2 presents improved catalysis for both ORR and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The modification introduces additional active sites for OER and induced more oxygen defects to further facilitate the ORR. Zn‐air batteries with the Co−MnO2 air cathode showed a higher peak power density of 167 mW cm−2, a lower potential gap of 0.75 V and a higher round‐trip efficiency of 63 % (5 mA cm−2) compared to MnO2 without modification. Good cycling stability of the battery is also achieved. The proper amount of cobalt species in the MnO2 is vital for achieving a balance between high performance and durable cycling.
Process Design for the Production of Prebiotic Oligosaccharides in an Enzyme Membrane Bioreactor: Interaction between Enzymatic Reaction and Membrane Filtration
Authors: Fan Rong , Burghardt Jan Philipp , Dresler Josephine , Czermak Peter
Published: December 2020

Appropriately designed and operated enzyme membrane bioreactors (EMBRs) can fully utilize the activity of free, soluble enzymes while maximizing enzyme reusability and simultaneously removing the enzyme‐free product in situ. A filtration model system was applied to determine critical EMBR design factors suitable for continuous enzymatic production of prebiotic fructo‐oligosaccharides. The filtration flux and separation efficiency were investigated in terms of the membrane cutoff rating. In addition, the influence of operational conditions on enzyme activity was also determined.
Point‐of‐Care Pathogen Detection with CRISPR‐based Programmable Nucleic Acid Binding Proteins
Authors: Dhar Bidhan C. , Steimberg Nathalie , Mazzoleni Giovanna
Published: December 2020

The contemporary discovery of extremely versatile engineered nucleic acid‐binding proteins has transformed a brave new world in the genome‐editing scientific area. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)‐mediated programmable nucleic acid‐binding proteins have brought about a revolution in diagnostic platforms. The groundbreaking finding that bacteria and archaea that harbored prokaryotes have transmitted adaptive immunity through CRISPR and CRISPR‐associated (Cas) proteins has driven revolutionary advances in molecular biology. Importantly, advances in gene editing focus how expanding visions in CRISPR‐Cas biology are revolutionizing the area of molecular diagnostics for identifying DNA and RNA in emerging microbiological pathogens, for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) identifications, and for cell‐free mutation. Recent advances, such as improvements in multiplexing and quantitative capabilities as well as instrument‐free detection of nucleic acids, will potentially leverage the introduction of these novel technologies to detecting bacteria and viruses at the point of care (POC). In this review, we highlight the fundamental features of CRISPR/Cas‐based molecular diagnostic technologies and summarize a vision of the next applications for identifying pathogens in POC settings.
Comorbidity burden in long‐term breast cancer survivors compared with a cohort of population‐based controls from the MARIE study
Authors: Möhl Annika , Orban Ester , Jung Audrey Y. , Behrens Sabine , Obi Nadia , Chang‐Claude Jenny , Becher Heiko
Published: December 2020

Background

The number of elderly cancer survivors is growing because of increasing survival rates. A high comorbidity burden in the elderly can affect their quality of life and survival. The aim of this study was to examine whether breast cancer survivors and population‐based controls have a different comorbidity burden after long‐term follow‐up.

Methods

This study used data from a German breast cancer case‐control study, which initially comprised 3813 breast cancer cases aged 50 to 74 years who were diagnosed between 2002 and 2005 and 7341 population‐based controls. Participants were followed up in 2014/2016. A modified Charlson Comorbidity Index (mCCI) was calculated to quantify severe comorbidities. Negative binomial regression was performed to estimate rate ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between case‐control status and mCCI (dependent variable) for the baseline population and for those who participated at follow‐up, with adjustments made for relevant lifestyle factors.

Results

In total, 1925 cases and 3674 controls participated in the follow‐up 12 years after recruitment. In the baseline population 35% had at least 1 comorbid condition.In long‐term survivors this proportion was 52%. No difference was found in the mCCI between breast cancer cases and controls at baseline (RR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.98‐1.11) or between long‐term survivors of the 2 groups at baseline (RR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.97‐1.18) or at follow‐up (RR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.91‐1.10).

Conclusions

The comorbidity burden of long‐term breast cancer survivors and controls increased over time; however, it remained similar in both groups after 12 years of follow‐up.
High seroprevalence but short‐lived immune response to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in Paris
Authors: Anna François , Goyard Sophie , Lalanne Ana Ines , Nevo Fabien , Gransagne Marion , Souque Philippe , Louis Delphine , Gillon Véronique , Turbiez Isabelle , Bidard François‐Clément , Gobillion Aline , Savignoni Alexia , Guillot‐Delost Maude , Dejardin François , Dufour Evelyne , Petres Stéphane , Richard‐Le Goff Odile , Choucha Zaineb , Helynck Olivier , Janin Yves L. , Escriou Nicolas , Charneau Pierre , Perez Franck , Rose Thierry , Lantz Olivier
Published: December 2020

Although the COVID‐19 pandemic peaked in March/April 2020 in France, the prevalence of infection is barely known. Using high‐throughput methods, we assessed herein the serological response against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) of 1847 participants working in three sites of an institution in Paris conurbation.

In May–July 2020, 11% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.7–12.6) of serums were positive for IgG against the SARS‐CoV‐2 N and S proteins, and 9.5% (95% CI: 8.2–11.0) were neutralizer in pseudo‐typed virus assays. The prevalence of seroconversion was 11.6% (95% CI: 10.2–13.2) when considering positivity in at least one assay. In 5% of RT‐qPCR positive individuals, no systemic IgGs were detected. Among immune individuals, 21% had been asymptomatic. Anosmia (loss of smell) and ageusia (loss of taste) occurred in 52% of the IgG‐positive individuals and in 3% of the negative ones. In contrast, 30% of the anosmia–ageusia cases were seronegative, suggesting that the true prevalence of infection may have reached 16.6%. In sera obtained 4–8 weeks after the first sampling, anti‐N and anti‐S IgG titers and neutralization activity in pseudo‐virus assay declined by 31%, 17%, and 53%, resulting thus in half‐life of 35, 87, and 28 days, respectively.

The population studied is representative of active workers in Paris. The short lifespan of the serological systemic responses suggests an underestimation of the true prevalence of infection.
Characterization of SrFe0.9‐xCuxMo0.1O3‐δ (x = 0, 0.1 and 0.2) as cathode for intermediate‐temperature solid oxide fuel cells
Authors: Yao Chuangang , Yang Jixing , Zhang Haixia , Chen Sigeng , Meng Jian , Cai Kedi
Published: December 2020

Cu doped perovskites SrFe0.9‐xCuxMo0.1O3‐δ (SFCM, x = 0‐0.2) are explored as cathodes for IT‐SOFCs. The influence of Cu doping on the property of SFCM series was studied in detail. The oxygen content decreases with the increase of Cu doping amount. SFCM samples are chemically compatible with LSGM electrolyte. However, the TEC values are still a bit higher than that of some common SOFC electrolytes. At 750°C, the Rp values are 0.261, 0.227 and 0.155 Ω·cm2 for SFCM0, SFCM0.1, and SFCM0.2. The obtained activation energies for x = 0, 0.1, and 0.2 are 1.01, 0.98, and 0.87 eV, respectively. These results indicate that Cu doping into SrFe0.9‐xCuxMo0.1O3‐δ has a favorable effect on the electrochemical activity of the materials.
Enhanced performance of Li‐S battery by constructing inner conductive network and outer adsorption layer sulfur‐carbon composite
Authors: Zhu Ling , Hu Renwen , Xiang Yanhong , Yang Xuexian , Chen Zhe , Xiong Lizhi , Wu Xianwen , He Zeqiang , Lei Weixin
Published: December 2020

A liquid phase deposition method is performed to prepare acetylene black/sulfur (AB/S) composites, and in‐situ polymerization is utilized to synthesize polypyrrole (PPY) on the surface of AB/S. The coral‐like structured AB provides huge micropores and vast specific surface area for bonding sulfur, and supplies a 3D conductive matrix for enhancing the conductivity of composite. A plenty of ion channels served by PPY layer can promote the Li+ migration and alleviate the electrode polarization. In addition, the dissolution and diffusion of lithium polysulfides in the electrolyte can be restrained by PPY coating. The volume variation of cathode in the charge‐discharge process can be relieved by the high elastic PPY layer combined with the 3D matrix of AB. The Li‐sulfur battery (LSB) with the AB/S@PPY cathode exhibits an extraordinary cycle stability and rate adaptability with the specific capacities of 1207.1 mAh g−1 at the initial discharge process and 884.4 mAh g−1 even after 100 cycles at 0.2 C. Furthermore, an excellent specific capacity of 675.3 mAh g−1 has been delivered by the AB/S@PPY electrode at a high discharge rate of 2 C.
Experimental and numerical analysis of the multilayer distributed Joule‐Thomson cooler with pillars
Authors: Geng Hui , Cui Xiaoyu , She Hailong , Chang Zhihao
Published: December 2020

The conventional Joule‐Thomson cooler is not compact in heat exchanger and insufficient in cooling capacity, which is limited in applying integrated electronics. However, microchannels with pillars are effective in increasing the area to volume ratio and enhancing heat transfer through the presence of vortex. Besides, multilayer microchannels are essential to enlarge the mass‐flow rate in the cooler. In this study, a multilayer distributed J‐T cooler with pillars is investigated. A new mathematical model of the cooler is developed and validated against the experimental data; the relative errors of the temperature and mass‐flow rate are both within 5%. Furthermore, the distribution of temperature and pressure in the microchannel is analyzed by the model calculation. Numerical results show that the temperature of the high‐pressure fluid decreased slightly under the influence of the heat exchange and distributed J‐T effect. When the inlet pressures are 3.00, 4.00 and 5.40 MPa, the cold‐end temperatures are 233.0, 185.8 and 161.2 K, respectively, with the cooling capacity reaching 2.25, 3.40 and 3.87 W, respectively. In addition, the influences of the axial heat conduction and heat leakage on the cooling performance are analyzed by using the models. The temperature rise of the cold end increases by 6.8 and 6.2 K at 5.40 MPa, respectively, considering the above two factors. The simulation model provides a useful tool for the J‐T cooler.
Influence of rootstocks on fruit physical and chemical properties of peach cv. UFSun
Authors: Shahkoomahally Shirin , Chang Yuru , Brecht Jeffrey K. , Chaparro Jose X. , Sarkhosh Ali
Published: December 2020

The subtropical peach cultivar UFSun grafted on five different rootstocks ('Flordaguard', 'Barton', 'MP‐29', 'P‐22', and 'Okinawa') was investigated in terms of the pomological and biochemical parameters of the fruit. Significant differences in fruit weight and size, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, and firmness were found among some rootstocks. The fruit length and diameter were different between the 'MP‐29' and other rootstocks. It was also found that firmness of 'UFSun' fruit was affected by the rootstock. The highest firmness value was found when 'UFSun' was grafted on 'Flordaguard'.' 'MP‐29' fruit had the highest soluble solids content, but there were no differences among the other rootstocks. 'UFSun' fruit from trees grafted on 'MP‐29' were smaller and had the most intense color compared to 'UFSun' fruit from other rootstocks. Rootstock had a significant influence on total fruit phenolic compounds, anthocyanin content, and total antioxidant activity, with fruit from 'UFSun' on 'MP‐29' having the highest values in all of them. A high correlation between fruit total antioxidant activity and total phenolic content was found. Overall, the results showed that 'MP‐29' seems to induce the highest fruit quality, showing higher contents of total soluble solids, total titratable acidity, total phenolic compounds, total antioxidant activity, and total anthocyanin content. Selecting the right combination of the rootstock and cultivar is important for optimizing fruit quality parameters.
Zeolite‐containing mixture alleviates microbial dysbiosis in dextran sodium sulfate‐induced colitis in mice
Authors: Lyu Weida , Jia Huijuan , Deng Chuanzong , Yamada Seigo , Kato Hisanori
Published: December 2020

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multifactorial immunomodulatory disorder. In relative nosogenesis, gut microbiota has been the focus of research on IBD. In our previous study, we demonstrated the ameliorating effect of zeolite‐containing mixture (Hydryeast®, HY) on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)‐induced colitis, through transcriptomics and proteomics. In the present study, we performed further investigation from the perspective of metagenomics using the gut microbiota. C57BL6 mice were provided an AIN‐93G basal diet or a 0.8% HY‐containing diet, and sterilized tap water for 11 days. Thereafter, colitis was induced by providing 1.5% (w/v) DSS‐containing water for 9 days. DNA was extracted from the cecal contents and pooled into libraries in a single Illumina MiSeq run. The resulting sequences were analyzed using Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology (QIIME) software. According to the alterations in the relative abundance of certain bacteria, and the related gene and protein expressions, HY supplementation could improve the gut microbiota composition, ameliorate the degree of inflammation, inhibit the colonic mucosal microbial growth, and, to some extent, promote energy metabolism in the colon compared with the DSS treatment. Thus, we believe that HY may be a candidate to prevent and treat IBD.
Leveraging random forest in micro‐enterprises credit risk modelling for accuracy and interpretability
Authors: Uddin Mohammad S. , Chi Guotai , Al Janabi Mazin A. M. , Habib Tabassum
Published: December 2020

This paper applies the Random Forest (RF) method for the robust modelling of credit default prediction. This technique has been proven as an efficient classifier and can provide better interpretability in comparison to other classifiers. Using Chines micro‐enterprise credit data set, this study emphasizes the multidimensional analysis of credit risk, such as the whole sample, subsample, and the incremental effect of the group of predictors. To that end, relative variable importance (RVIs) has been presented for all predictors according to the contribution in the prediction accuracy so that to ensure interpretability of the model. The empirical findings confirm that RF technique is reliable and efficient across all of the criteria used in this study. In addition, the examined experimental analysis indicates that non‐traditional variables have a significant effect on the classification accuracy. Thus, this paper recommends some alternative predictors like the legal representative's basic information, internal non‐financial factors, along with traditional financial variables for sustainable model development. The performance is compared from the perspective of five different performance measures. This modelling algorithm can be used by different financial markets participants to measure systematically credit default prediction of individual and institutional customers.
Oil price risk and the cross‐section of stock returns in Turkey
Authors: Azimli Asil
Published: December 2020

This paper tests whether the oil price risk influence the cross‐section of stock returns in a net oil importing country even after controlling for standard risk factors to stock returns. The paper also tests the relative contribution of the oil price risk to the performance of factor‐based asset pricing models to explain the average returns. Using firm‐level data from Turkey, changes in monthly crude oil prices per barrel of oil is, respectively, added to the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), three‐factor (3F) model and five‐factor (5F) model and tested against the returns of portfolios constructed based on different firm‐specific fundamentals. The results indicate that the oil price risk factor extracts significant coefficients in the cross‐sectional regressions when conditioned against the returns even after controlling for the market and firm‐specific risk factors. But, the asset pricing summary statistics used to evaluate the relative contribution of the oil price risk suggest that it cannot improve the relative performance of the base asset pricing equations to explain the average stock returns. The results reveal the effectiveness of the factor models to capture the effect of the oil price risk on average returns. The traditional 3F equation offers the highest potential among the models tested.
Decarboxylative A3‐coupling reactions: An overview
Authors: Li Jiajia , Li Lei , Vessally Esmail
Published: December 2020

The propargylamine motif is not only prevalent in a wide variety of pharmaceuticals and other biologically active compounds but also utilized as a versatile building block in organic synthesis. Among the various methods for the synthesis of propargylamine derivatives, A3‐coupling represents one of the most general and attractive routes, since it offers the possibility for the construction of complex molecules from simple starting materials (amines, aldehydes, and alkynes) in one‐step with high atom economy. However, the use of volatile alkynes is the main disadvantage of this reaction. Recently, alkynyl carboxylic acids were successfully used as easily accessible and high stable surrogates for alkynes (via in situ decarboxylation) in A3‐coupling reactions. This Focus‐Review aims to give an overview of the decarboxylative A3‐coupling reactions by hoping that it will be beneficial to elicit further research in this appealing research arena. A special emphasis is placed on mechanistic aspect of reactions which may allow possible new insights into catalyst improvement.
Short‐term captivity does not affect immediate voluntary thermal maximum of a neotropical pitviper: Implications for behavioral thermoregulation
Authors: Díaz‐Ricaurte Juan C. , Serrano Filipe C.
Published: December 2020

Ectotherms depend on temperature to maintain their physiological functions and through behavioral changes, they can avoid overheating in their habitats. The voluntary thermal maximum (VTMax) represents the maximum temperature tolerated by individuals before actively moving to a colder place. However, if and how VTMaxmight change after capture and in captivity remains understudied. We investigate if measurements taken in captivity are a good proxy for thermal tolerance of wild individuals. As thermal history has been shown to affect behavioral response and physiological parameters, herein we hypothesized that VTMaxof the neotropical viperBothrops pauloensisvaries throughout the captivity period. We measured the VTMaxof individuals immediately after capture and in three trials during a short‐term period in captivity. Measurements were done by recording their body temperature at which they exited a heating box experimental setup. In contrast to our hypothesis, the VTMaxwas not significantly affected by time in captivity but there was interindividual variation. There were also no significant differences between field and captivity measurements, in spite of the small effect size. Our results indicate that the VTMaxof this snake population is not affected by a short‐term captivity period. Furthermore, an invariant VTMaxmight indicate low phenotypic plasticity, as individuals do not appear to adjust their tolerance to short‐term exposure to higher temperatures and potential vulnerability to threats such as global warming. We expect that our results can contribute to understanding the effect of captivity on thermal tolerance in neotropical squamates, allowing for insights into their thermal physiology and ecology.
Clinical practice guidelines for the management of biliary tract cancers 2019: The 3rd English edition
Authors: Nagino Masato , Hirano Satoshi , Yoshitomi Hideyuki , Aoki Taku , Uesaka Katsuhiko , Unno Michiaki , Ebata Tomoki , Konishi Masaru , Sano Keiji , Shimada Kazuaki , Shimizu Hiroaki , Higuchi Ryota , Wakai Toshifumi , Isayama Hiroyuki , Okusaka Takuji , Tsuyuguchi Toshio , Hirooka Yoshiki , Furuse Junji , Maguchi Hiroyuki , Suzuki Kojiro , Yamazaki Hideya , Kijima Hiroshi , Yanagisawa Akio , Yoshida Masahiro , Yokoyama Yukihiro , Mizuno Takashi , Endo Itaru
Published: December 2020

Background

The Japanese Society of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic Surgery launched the clinical practice guidelines for the management of biliary tract cancers (cholangiocarcinoma, gallbladder cancer, and ampullary cancer) in 2007, then published the 2nd version in 2014.

Methods

In this 3rd version, clinical questions (CQs) were proposed on six topics. The recommendation, grade for recommendation, and statement for each CQ were discussed and finalized by an evidence‐based approach. Recommendations were graded as Grade 1 (strong) or Grade 2 (weak) according to the concepts of the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system.

Results

The 31 CQs covered the six topics: (a) prophylactic treatment, (b) diagnosis, (c) biliary drainage, (d) surgical treatment, (e) chemotherapy, and (f) radiation therapy. In the 31 CQs, 14 recommendations were rated strong and 14 recommendations weak. The remaining three CQs had no recommendation. Each CQ includes a statement of how the recommendations were graded.

Conclusions

This latest guideline provides recommendations for important clinical aspects based on evidence. Future collaboration with the cancer registry will be key for assessing the guidelines and establishing new evidence.
Recent advances in linear and nonlinear Raman spectroscopy. Part XIV
Authors: Nafie Laurence A.
Published: December 2020

This article is an overview of advances in Raman spectroscopy published in 2019 in the Journal of Raman Spectroscopy (JRS) and, in addition, trends over the past decade across journals that have published papers important to the field of Raman spectroscopy. The trends are based on statistical data of article counts obtained from Clarivate Analytic's Web of Science Core Collection by year and by subfield of Raman spectroscopy. Normally in this review, coverage would be provided for presentations involving Raman Spectroscopy at the following four international conferences previously scheduled for this year: the International Conference on Raman Spectroscopy (ICORS 2020) in Rome, Italy; SCIX 2020 organized by the Federation of Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy Societies (FACSS) in Reno, Nevada, USA, in October; the European Conference on Nonlinear Optical Spectroscopy (ECONOS 2020) in Karlsrue, Germany, in April; and the International Conference on the GeoRaman Spectroscopy (GeoRaman 2020) in Bilbao, Spain, in November (originally scheduled for Weihai, China, in June). Of these, the ICORS 2020 has been rescheduled for 2021 at the same location; ECONOS 2020 has been canceled, but instead, a special issue section is being organized by invitation to commemorate the passing of JRS Board member Marcus Motzkus; SCIX 2020 has been changed to a virtual online conference; GeoRaman 2020 has been canceled, but online submission of abstracts will be made available with selected invitations to submit papers for a special issue of JRS. Finally, papers published in JRS in 2019 are highlighted and arranged by topics at the frontier of Raman spectroscopy. Based on these data, presentations, and publications, it is clear that Raman spectroscopy continues as an expanding field of research across a wide range of novel disciplines and applications that provide sensitive photonic information at the molecular level.
Humeral stress shielding following cemented endoprosthetic reconstruction: An under‐reported complication?
Authors: Braig Zachary V. , Tagliero Adam J. , Rose Peter S. , Elhassan Bassem T. , Barlow Jonathan D. , Wagner Eric R. , Sanchez‐Sotelo Joaquin , Houdek Matthew T.
Published: December 2020

Introduction

The proximal humerus is a common location for primary and non‐primary tumors. Reconstruction of the proximal humerus is commonly performed with an endoprosthesis with low rates of structural failure. The incidence and risk factors for stress shielding are under reported.

Methods

Thirty‐nine (19 male, 20 female) patients underwent resection of the proximal humerus and reconstruction with a cemented modular endoprosthesis between 2000 and 2018. The mean resection length was 12 ± 4 cm and was most commonly performed for metastatic disease (n = 26, 67%).

Results

Stress shielding was observed in 9 (23%) patients at a mean of 29 (6–132) months postoperatively. Patients with stress shielding were noted to have shorter intramedullary stem length (87 vs. 107 mm, p < .001), longer extramedullary implant length (16 vs. 14 cm, p = .01) and a higher extramedullary implant to stem length ratio (2.1 vs. 1.1, p < .001). The incidence of stress shielding was higher (p = .003) in patients reconstructed with 75 mm stem (n = 6, 67%) lengths.

Conclusion

Stress shielding of the humerus was associated with the use of shorter stems and long extramedullary implants. The long‐term ramifications of stress shielding on implant stability, complications at the time of revision surgery, and overall patient outcomes remain unknown.
Ultrasound‐MRI Correlation for Healing of Rotator Cuff Repairs Using Power Doppler, Sonographic Shear Wave Elastography and MR Signal Characteristics
Authors: Nocera Nicole L , Burke Christopher J , Gyftopoulos Soterios , Adler Ronald S.
Published: December 2020

Objective

To determine whether the healing response in rotator cuff repairs can be quantitatively characterized using a multimodality imaging approach with MR signal intensity, power Doppler and shear wave elastography (SWE).

Materials and Methods

Patients scheduled for rotator cuff repair were prospectively enrolled between September 2013 and June 2016. A 12 patient cohort with unilateral, full‐thickness, supraspinatus tendon tears underwent MRI and ultrasound both preoperatively and postoperatively (at 3 and 6 months post‐surgery). The MR signal intensity ratio of tendon‐to‐deltoid muscle (TMR), vascularity score by power Doppler (PD) and shear wave velocity (SWV) were measured. Repaired and asymptomatic control shoulders were compared over time and between modalities.

Results

TMR and vascularity of the tendon repair initially increased and then decreased postoperatively. Although not achieving statistical significance, postoperative SWV initially decreased and later increased, which negatively correlated with the TMR at 3 months (r = ‐0.73, p = 0.005). PD demonstrated a statistically significant change in tendon vascularity over time compared to the contralateral control (p = 0.009 at 3 months; p = 0.036 at 6 months). No significant correlation occurred between TMR and SWE at 6 months, or with PD at any time point.

Conclusion

Despite a small patient cohort, this prospective pilot study suggests a temporal relationship of MRI and ultrasound parameters that parallels the expected phases of healing in the repaired rotator cuff.
Impacts of salinity on the stability of soil organic carbon in the croplands of the Yellow River Delta
Authors: Zhang Kaijing , Wang Xiujun , Wu Lipeng , Lu Tongping , Guo Yang , Ding Xiaodong
Published: December 2020

This study aims to improve our understanding of the mechanisms regulating the stability of soil organic carbon (SOC) in saline–alkaline soils. We hypothesized that desorption of SOC is greater in higher salinity/higher pH soils, and the higher level of soil inorganic carbon (SIC) leads to enhanced SOC stability (or weaker SOC desorption) in saline–alkaline soils like those of the Yellow River Delta (YRD). We collected soils from 23 cropland sites (from 0–100 cm) along three lines (upper, middle, and lower lines, with different salinity) across the Yellow River, which have high pH (7.97–9.02). We analyzed SOC, SIC, and water‐extractable organic carbon (WEOC) and salts. Our data showed a large range in SOC (2.3–11.7 kg C m−2) and SIC stocks (13.3–24.7 kg C m−2) over 0–100 cm. The lowest SOC and SIC stocks were found in the lower YRD where soil pH was highest (8.6–9.0). WEOC:SOC ratio (an indicator for SOC desorption) was greater in soils with higher pH, lower SIC, and/or water‐extractable Ca2+ plus Mg2+, indicating that SOC stability is weak in high salinity/high pH soils, but high levels of SIC or Ca2+/Mg2+ can increase SOC stability. Our study suggests that amelioration practice may lead to an increase in both SOC and SIC stocks in saline–alkaline soils.