bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PUNCHING CUPS WITH BOTTOM FLANGE BY DIRECT EXTRUSION WITH COUNTER-PUNCH. DETERMINATION OF THE DEFORMED STATE DURING CONSTRAINED EXTRUSION IN THE FIRST PERIPHERAL REGION OF PLASTIC DEFORMATION
Authors: Vorontsov A. L. , Nikiforov I. A.
Published: January 2021

The formulas necessary for calculating the accumulated deformations obtained in the process of constrained extrusion of the peripheral region adjacent to the matrix are obtained. To derive the formulas, the general method of plastic flow A. L. Vorontsova. The obtained formulas allow us to determine the deformed state of the workpiece at any point in this area. Further, these formulas will be used to take into account the hardening of the extruded material.
PUNCHING CUPS WITH BOTTOM FLANGE BY DIRECT EXTRUSION WITH COUNTER-PUNCH. DETERMINATION OF THE DEFORMED STATE DURING CONSTRAINED EXTRUSION IN THE FOURTH CENTRAL REGION PLASTIC DEFORMATION
Authors: Vorontsov A. L. , Nikiforov I. A.
Published: January 2021

The formulas necessary for calculating the accumulated deformations obtained in the process of constrained extrusion of the central region based on the working end face of the counter-punch are obtained. To derive the formulas, the general method of plastic flow A. L. Vorontsova. The obtained formulas allow us to determine the deformed state of the workpiece at any point in this area. Further, these formulas will be used to take into account the hardening of the extruded material.
PUNCHING CUPS WITH BOTTOM FLANGE BY DIRECT EXTRUSION WITH COUNTER-PUNCH. EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF THEORETICAL RESULTS ON HARDENING MATERIAL
Authors: Vorontsov A. L. , Nikiforov I. A.
Published: January 2021

The results of an experimental verification of the obtained theoretical formulas on hardening material are presented, which make it possible to determine the most important parameters for extruding glasses with a counter-punch. The methods of theoretical calculations and the characteristics of the tools used, the geometric parameters of extrusion experiments, the strength characteristics of the wrought material, and its lubrication are described in detail. The high accuracy of the obtained calculation formulas is confirmed.
REGULAR VIRTUAL COORDINATE SYSTEM OF COORDINATES OVER THE FIELD OF MOVING VISUAL LANDMARKS
Authors: Tikhomirova T. A. , Fedorenko G. T. , Nazarenko K. M. , Nazarenko E. S.
Published: January 2021

The problem objects tracing in respect to large sample of visual landmarks whose position, shape, and optical properties change over time is considered. A Regular Virtual Coordinate System (RVCS) based on visual landmarks triangulation is proposed. RVCS is created using a linear iterative algorithm to relax initial triangulation to the quasi equilibrium state – shagreen, in which the grid nodes are located close to centers of their surroundings. It is shown that shagreen has a dense boundary with strongly elongated cells and the central core with almost regular triangles. We proposed to use the shagreen core as a virtual barycentric mesh because its geometry is regular and resistant to random displacements of visual landmarks, while correctly mirror affinity transformations. The use of RVCS allows to minimize the amount of information for representing the object trajectory while maintaining the accuracy of its localization close to the maximum achievable when using all available landmarks. It is shown that due to its global instability of the shagreen with random structure the triangulations with less then 100 vertices should be relaxed by no more then T = 10 – 20 simple iterations. This process can be represented by single linear operator which in special case T = 2t is created by t matrix multiplications. In addition, shagreen indicates the smooth trend for rough landscape, which increases the reliability of the estimation of local normals.
THE SCALARIZATION OF VECTOR INDICATORS IN MAPPING PROBLEMS IN THE FIELD OF FINANCIAL MONITORING
Authors: Beketnova Yu. M.
Published: January 2021

The paper presents results of mapping and visualization of financial monitoring data. Measures of deviant activity of financial monitoring objects for the purpose of mapping have been received. The proposed solution can serve as a powerful tool to support the adoption of strategic decisions and macro analysis of the situation in the field of financial monitoring. The approaches proposed in the article to the processing of state data make it possible to implement a new methodological approach to information and analytical support for managerial decision-making in assessing the situation in the field of financial monitoring. The subject of financial monitoring was simulated and the mathematical and methodological tools were selected to solve the problem of mapping deviant economic entities, the simulation result is an infographic of the geographical component of laundering criminal proceeds. To map information about financial monitoring objects, it is necessary to rank them. However, the objects of financial monitoring – business entities, professional participants in the securities market – are described by sets of characteristics, i.e. essentially are objects of vector nature. In mathematics, the ordinal relations for vectors, as is known, are not defined.
METHOD OF OPTICAL FLOW CALCULATION BASED ON FEATURE AUGMENTATION
Authors: Boytsova E. P. , Lebedev I. S.
Published: January 2021

The paper addresses the problem of robust optical flow computation for real-time applications. We present an efficient, in presence of varying illumination and large displacements, method of dense optical flow calculation based on Robust Local Optical Flow (RLOF). Introduction of Adaptive and Generic Accelerated Segment Test (AGAST) feature detector with additional augmentation by simple grid points provides a stable and reliable under difficult conditions set of features and uniform points that produces dense and accurate optical flow and leads to better performance. The usage of feature points for prior initialization leads for robustness for large displacements as well. The other essential step of optical flow calculation – densification of optical flow – was strengthen by modification of weights. The raster interpolation was applied with weights on second derivatives to make more edgesensitive optical flow. To enhance the overall result, a post-processing step of variational refinement process were added to optical flow calculation framework. The proposed method was evaluated on Max Planck Institute (MPI) Sintel dataset – a challenging set of 3D-animated movies with large range of motions and illuminations, which has ground truth optical flow available. The comparison with initial RLOF method were measured by running time and quality parameters, measured by End Point Error (EPE) and Angular Error (AE). The evaluation shows the decrease of running time by approximately 40 % and improvement of EPE and AE, that demonstrates the effectiveness of the method.
ENERGY SAVING TECHNOLOGIES IN POWER SUPPLY OF SMART BUILDINGS USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Authors: Shchetinin E. Yu.
Published: January 2021

Intelligent energy saving and energy efficiency technologies are the modern large-scale global trend in the energy systems development. The demand for smart buildings is growing not only in the world, but also in Russia, especially in the market of construction and operation of large business centers, shopping centers and other business projects. Accurate cost estimates are important for promoting energy efficiency construction projects and demonstrating their economic attractiveness. The growing number of digital measurement infrastructure, used in commercial buildings, led to increase access to high-frequency data that can be used for anomaly detection and diagnostics of equipment, heating, ventilation, and optimization of air conditioning. This led to the use of modern and efficient machine learning methods that provide promising opportunities to obtain more accurate forecasts of energy consumption of the buildings, and thus increase energy efficiency. In this paper, based on the gradient boosting model, a method of modeling and forecasting the energy consumption of buildings is proposed and computer algorithms are developed to implement it. Energy consumption dataset of 300 commercial buildings was used to assess the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms. Computer simulations showed that the use of these algorithms has increased the accuracy of the prediction of energy consumptionin more than 80 percent of cases compared to other machine learning algorithms.
IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF THE CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK USING THE METHOD OF INCREASING THE RECEPTIVE FIELD
Authors: Iatsenko D. V. , Zhmaylov B. B.
Published: January 2021

In many pattern recognition problems solved using convolutional neural networks (CNN), one of the important characteristics of network architecture is the size of the convolution kernel, since it coincides with the size of the maximum element that can act as a recognition sign. However, increasing the size of the convolution kernel greatly increases the number of tunable network parameters. The method of effective receptive field was first applied on AlexNet in 2012. The practical application of the method of increasing the effective receptive field without increasing convolution kernel size is discussed in this article. A presented example of a small network designed to recognize a fire in apicture demonstrates the use of an effective receptive field which consists of a stack of smaller convolutions. Comparison of a original network with a large convolution core and a modified network with a stack of smaller cores shows that, with equal network characteristics, such as prediction accuracy, prediction time, the number of parameters in the network with an effective receptive field, the number of tunable parameters is significantly reduced.
UNMANNED VEHICLE CONTROL SYSTEM BASED ON FUZZY CLUSTERING. PART 2. FUZZY CLUSTERING AND SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION
Authors: Akopov A. S. , Khachatryan N. K. , Beklaryan L. A. , Beklaryan A. L.
Published: January 2021

This article continues the description of the control system for ground unmanned vehicles as part of the integration of a phenomenological approach to modeling the behavior of agents and methods of fuzzy clustering in order to improve the quality of decisions. As a result, adaptive fuzzy clustering methods provide support for adaptive ground unmanned vehicles control, which minimizes the risks of accidents (emergencies involving ground unmanned vehicles) and maximizes traffic (total output stream) in conditions of heavy traffic. The second part is devoted to the description of the developed fuzzy clustering algorithm, software implementation and experiments. As a result, within the framework of the developed model of ground unmanned vehicles movement, fuzzy clustering methods are used to ensure the procedure for choosing the most preferable (least dense) lane in conditions of heavy traffic and to support continuous information exchange between ground unmanned vehicles. The software implementation of the developed simulation model in the AnyLogic environment was performed and numerical experiments aimed at analyzing scenarios of the development of the road situation with the participation of the ground unmanned vehicles ensemble were carried out. Various behavioral scenarios of the developed ground unmanned vehicles control system were investigated, and agent clustering was performed for each scenario under consideration. As a result of numerical experiments, the effectiveness of using the proposed fuzzy clustering procedure to assess the density of the road flow and adaptive control and maneuvering of the ground unmanned vehicles is confirmed.
NETWORK TRAFFIC ANOMALIES DETECTION USING AN ENSEMBLE OF CLASSIFIERS
Authors: Sakulin S. A. , Alfimtsev A. N. , Kvitchenko K. N. , Dobkach L. Ya. , Kalgin Yu. A.
Published: January 2021

Network technologies have been steadily developing and their application has been expanding. One of the aspects of the development is a modification of the current network attacks and the appearance of new ones. The anomalies that can be detected in network traffic conform with such attacks. Development of new and improvement of the current approaches to detect anomalies in network traffic have become an urgent task. The article suggests a hybrid approach to detect anomalies on the basis of the combined signature approach and computationally effective classifiers of machine learning: logistic regression, stochastic gradient descent and decision tree with accuracy increase due to weighted voting. The choice of the classifiers is explained by the admissible complexity of the algorithms that allows detection of network traffic events for the time close to real. Signature analysis is carried out with the help of the Zeek IDS (Intrusion Detection System) signature base. Learning is fulfilled by preliminary prepared (by excluding extra recordings and parameters) CICIDS2017 (Canadian Institute for Cybersecurity Intrusion Detection System) signature set by cross validation. The set is roughly divided into ten parts that allows us to increase the accuracy. Experimental evaluation of the developed approach comparing with individual classifiers and with other approaches by such criteria as part of type I and II errors, accuracy and level of detection, has proved the approach suitable to be applied in network attacks detection systems. It is possible to introduce the developed approach into both existing and new anomaly detection systems.
THE SOLUTION OF THE PROBLEM OF ALGORITHMIC ADAPTATION STRUCTURALLY STABLE CONTROL COMPUTERS OF HIGHLY RELIABLE CONTROL SYSTEMS
Authors: Zarubskiy V. G.
Published: January 2021

One of the solutions to the problem of increasing reliability for control systems of various technological processes, including potentially dangerous ones, can be the development and implementation of structurally stable computers as the basis for control systems, that is, computers capable of restoring their performance through processes emulation, available if it has functional redundancy properties. The implementation of these processes consists in the implementation of the stages of functional diagnostics and functional adaptation. However, their implementation does not guarantee full recovery of the structurally stable computer, and requires the solution of another task - the task of algorithmic adaptation. Algorithmic adaptation is the final stage of the process of adaptation of structurally stable controlling computers and consists in determining the best option for providing the control system with user services available in the new environment. That is, in the redistribution of priorities in the order of execution of control programs of the control object, taking into account the increase in time spent on their operation associated with the implementation of emulation processes when restoring the functionality of the system of commands of the structurally stable controlling computer. The article presents a mathematical formulation of the problem of algorithmic adaptation, and also presents the results of simulation modeling of this process, confirming its efficiency and effectiveness.
Существование решений квазилинейных эллиптических уравнений в пространствах
Музилака-Орлича-Соболева для неограниченных областей
Authors: Кожевникова Лариса Михайловна , Kozhevnikova Larisa Mikhailovna , Кашникова Анастасия Павловна , Kashnikova Anastasiya Pavlovna
Published: January 2021

Рассматривается вопрос существования решений задачи Дирихле для нелинейных эллиптических уравнений второго порядка в неограниченных областях. Ограничения на структуру квазилинейных уравнений формулируются в терминах специального класса выпуклых функций - обобщенных $N$-функций.
А именно, нелинейности определяются функциями Музилака-Орлича такими, что дополнительные к ним функции подчиняются $\Delta_2$-условию.
Соответствующее пространство Музилака-Орлича-Соболева не обязано быть рефлексивным.
Именно этот факт является существенной проблемой, поскольку теорема для псевдомонотонных операторов здесь не применима.
Для рассматриваемого класса уравнений доказательство теоремы существования проводится на основе абстрактной теоремы для дополнительных систем. Важным инструментом, который позволил обобщить имеющиеся результаты существования решений рассматриваемых уравнений для ограниченных областей на неограниченные области, является теорема вложения пространств Музилака-Орлича-Соболева.
Таким образом, в работе найдены условия на структуру квазилинейных уравнений в терминах функций Музилака-Орлича, достаточные для разрешимости задачи Дирихле в неограниченных областях. Кроме того, приведены примеры уравнений, показывающие, что класс нелинейностей, рассматриваемый в работе, шире, чем нестепенные и степенные нелинейности.
A new class of non-helical exact solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations
Authors: Kovalev Vitalii Petrovich , Prosviryakov Eugenii Yurevich
Published: January 2021

Приведен новый класс точных решений уравнений Навье-Стокса. Эти решения описывают нестационарные трехмерные по скоростям и двумерные по координатам течения вязкой несжимаемой жидкости. Процедура построения точного решения обобщает метод Тркала, предложенный для изучения винтовых течений. Новый класс точных решений позволяет описывать невинтовые течения (вектор скорости образует ненулевой угол с вектором завихренности) и течения жидкости, существующие конечное время.
Monthly Tax Deduction as Final Tax: The Case of Malaysian Employees
Authors: Ibrahim Idawati , Bidin Zainol , Saad Natrah , Mansor Muzainah , . .
Published: January 2021

Malaysia introduced Monthly Tax Deduction (MTD) as final tax system so that salaried earner can be excluded from reporting their employment income. However, the system is on voluntary basis and the take-up rate is low. So, this study was undertaken to examine the issues faced by employees on the implementation of MTD as final tax system in Malaysia. This study comprises a case study on MTD implementation at two institutions which remain anonymous due to confidentiality. Data was collected from 64 responses from open ended questionnaires to employees at both institutions. The data was analysed using thematic analysis. Findings from the analysis revealed that employees‘ hesitation to such a system is more apparent. There are three main issues discovered from this study which are: lack of knowledge on MTD as final tax among employees; burden on claiming tax reliefs and the accuracy of MTD calculation; and employer‘s readiness. The findings provide evidence to the IRBM and it will provide good foundation for the IRBM to strategize on mechanisms to enhance the implementation of the scheme. For instance, the information on low readiness among employers may call for roundtable discussion between the tax authority and employers. This would help both parties to discuss possible ways to resolve the issue. Other implications and recommendations for policy makers were also discussed in this paper.
Implementing Social Customer Relationship Management in Turbulent Environments: A Dynamic Capabilities Perspective
Authors: Ngo Vu Minh , Phan Quyen Phu Thi , Vu Hieu Minh
Published: January 2021

Purpose: Despite the crucial contribution of social media on customer relationship management (CRM) strategies, how social CRM can be transformed into customer value, and economics returns for firms remain unexplored in the hospitality industry, especially in turbulent environments. As a new approach for dealing with both gradual and disruptive changes in the market, this study develops and tests the mediating role of dynamic capabilities in the social CRM - performance relationship. Methodology: Drawing on resource-based view and capabilities perspectives, a mixed methodology was applied. First, a survey was conducted to quantitatively test the proposed hypotheses using Structural Equation Modelling with PLS approach (PLS-SEM) on a sample consisting of 111 SEMs. Then, a qualitative fuzzy-set Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) was employed to look for the unique combinations of capabilities to achieve firms‟ superior performance. Findings: The outcomes indicated a mixture of expected and unexpected findings, including: (i) the direct effect of social CRM on firm‟s performance; (ii) Dynamic capabilities as the missing link between social CRM capabilities and firms‟ performance; (iii) the unique roles of social media technology use in the combinations with other capabilities for generating the best firms‟ performance. Originality: This study is among the few to consider the dynamic nature of the market when investigating how to implement Social CRM successfully. The insights and practical implications in this study can be useful for managers in SMEs whose desire is to build a dynamic system for improving customer value and firms‟ performance.
Lectura estratigráfica muraria y proyecto arquitectónico: un caso de estudio en Cuenca (Ecuador)
Authors: Aguirre-Ullauri María Del Cisne , Pesántez-Pesántez José Francisco , Tapia -Vera Carlos Miguel
Published: January 2021

La época colonial en la ciudad de Cuenca (Ecuador) dejó huellas indelebles en la urbe, así como diversas transformaciones culturales y arquitectónicas que son objeto de particular interés. El presente artículo expone el análisis y propuesta de intervención sobre una edificación colonial del centro histórico, con base en la lectura estratigráfica muraria y el dictamen patológico. A partir de estos insumos se evidencian: tres etapas constructivas del bien entre 1816 y el 2017, el predominio de lesiones mecánicas, físicas y antrópicas como constantes del detrimento del paisaje urbano histórico de la ciudad, y demanda de intervenciones emergentes y conservativas. En consecuencia, se diseñan intervenciones constructivas específicas bajo la orientación teórica de corte convencional (español e italiano), y la práctica asociada al conocimiento constructivo local. Al tiempo, se apuesta por la recuperación del patrimonio, bajo la perspectiva de adaptación a la contemporaneidad sin descuidar la rigurosidad técnica.
Phytochemical characterization, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oil from leaves of the common sage Salvia officinalis L. from Abha, Saudi Arabia
Authors: El Jery Atef , Hasan Mudassir , Rashid Md Mamoon , Al Mesfer Mohammed Khaloofah , Danish Mohd , Ben Rebah Faouzi
Published: January 2021

Background

The composition and activities of essential oil of common sage from Saudi Arabia have not yet been reported.

Objectives

To analyze the composition and antibacterial and antioxidant activities of essential oil from leaves of the common sage Salvia officinalis L. from Abha, Saudi Arabia.

Methods

Essential oil was extracted from the leaves of S. officinalis by hydrodistillation, and its composition was analyzed using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Phenolics and flavonoids were determined using gallic acid and quercetin standards. Antioxidant activity was determined using a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging method. Activity against various gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria was determined by disk diffusion and microdilution.

Results

The yield of essential oil was 3.24 ± 0.55% (w/dry weight). Major compounds identified were camphor (20.3%), 1,8-cineole (15.0%), α-thujone (14.9%), viridiflorol (9.9%), carvone (6.2%), and β-thujone (5.7%). Phenolic content was 134.3 ± 17.61 μg/mL and flavonoid content was 119.5 ± 18.75 μg/mL. Antioxidant IC50 was 970 ± 5.5 μg/mL. The highest gram-positive antibacterial activity was for Bacillus subtilis and the highest gram-negative activity was for Escherichia coli. Minimum inhibitory concentrations ranged from 62.2 ± 3.9 to 1398.1 ± 50.7 μg/mL for gram-positive bacteria and from 323.4 ± 69.5 to 968.4 ± 120.6 μg/mL for gram-negative bacteria. Minimum bactericidal concentrations ranged from 120.3 ± 7.6 to 1387.4 ± 161.8 μg/mL for gram-positive bacteria and from 386 ± 8.3 to 1225.2 ± 100.9 μg/mL for gram-negative bacteria.

Conclusions

Essential oil of S. officinalis L. from Abha, Saudi Arabia, showed compositional, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties generally consistent with essential oil of S. officinalis L. from other locations as reported in the literature.
Polycystic ovarian morphology in Thai women of reproductive age with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Wongwananuruk Thanyarat , Chantrapanichkul Panicha , Unalome Vichuta , Indhavivadhana Suchada , Rattanachaiyanont Manee , Techatraisak Kitirat , Angsuwathana Surasak , Silprasit Kittayaporn
Published: January 2021

Background

Advancements in ultrasound technology have facilitated identifying polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM) in women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), but it still has limitations due to follicle counting methods and variation of phenotypes according to ethnicity. Ethnicity-specific ovarian morphology may help to establish ethnicity-specific follicle count cut points for defining PCOM in women with PCOS.

Objectives

To investigate the prevalence and factors associated with PCOM in Thai women of a reproductive age with PCOS.

Methods

This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in our gynecology department at a tertiary teaching hospital from February 2016 to May 2017. We included women with PCOS, who were measured for weight, height, waist circumference, and blood pressure. Blood samples were taken to measure fasting blood glucose, lipid profile, testosterone level, and 2 h post-load 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Transvaginal or transrectal sonography was performed to evaluate their ovaries.

Results

All 143 patient participants we included had oligomenorrhea, 77.6% of them had acne, and 64.3% hirsutism. Their average total testosterone level was 0.47 ± 0.10 ng/mL. The prevalence of PCOM was 55.2%. The proportions of PCOM diagnosed by ovarian follicle and ovarian volume criteria were 36.4% and 42.0%, respectively. There were 20.0 ± 9.5 follicles per ovary, 8.3 ± 3.1 follicles per cross section, and the mean ovarian volume was 7.9 ± 3.0 mL.

Conclusion

The overall prevalence of PCOM in Thai women of reproductive age with PCOS was 55.2%. Our univariate analysis found no factors significantly associated with PCOM.
The non-Fourier image reconstruction method for the STIX instrument
Authors: Siarkowski Marek , Mrozek Tomasz , Sylwester Janusz , Litwicka Michalina , Dąbek Magdalena
Published: January 2021

In this work we aimed to develop the image reconstruction algorithm without any analytical simplifications and restrictions. In our method we abandon Fourier’s approach to image reconstruction, and instead use the number of counts recorded in each detector pixel, and then reconstruct each image using a classical Richardson-Lucy algorithm. Among similar works performed in the past, our approach is based, for the first time, on the real geometry of STIX. We made a preliminary analysis of expected differences in STIX imaging which may occur due to usage of slightly different geometries. The other difference is that we use single-pixel-response maps. Namely, knowing the instrument geometry we are able to calculate the detector response for point sources covering entire the solar disc. Next, we iteratively combine them with varying weights until the best match between reconstructed and observed detector responses is achieved. Preliminary tests revealed that the developed algorithm reproduces high quality images. The algorithm is moderately fast, but the result comparable to CLEAN algorithm is obtained within 20-50 iteration steps which takes less than 2 seconds on typical portable computer configuration. The location, size and intensity of reconstructed sources are very close to simulated ones. Therefore the algorithm is very well suited for the detailed photometry of the solar HXR sources. Moreover, its simplicity allows to improve photon transmission calculation in case of any grids uncertainties measured after the launch.
How has Lunar science developed? A bibliometric analysis and systematic review
Authors: Wang Jiao , Chen Yaoyao , Liu Guangyu , Cheng Weiming , Yin Tong
Published: January 2021

Lunar exploration is a significant process to unravel the evolutionary history of the Earth-Moon system and the pivotal foundation for the exploration of the solar system. A total of 49,161 articles recorded in a comprehensive online literature database between 1959 and 2018 were reviewed to address the development of lunar science in six aspects: publication output volume, keywords, journals, authorship, collaboration, and national output efficiency. The development of lunar science experienced rise and fall corresponding to a log-linearized model that could be clearly divided into three stages: space race (1959-1977), silent stage (1978-1996) and renaissance (1997-2018). Keywords extracted from publications as reliable predictors of multidiscipline showed that the well-developed disciplines of lunar science were astronomy, space engineering, earth and planetary science, while other disciplines played important roles in different stages. Researchers had become cooperative rather than independent in publishing in the past sixty years. Countries with higher average annual GDP contributed more to the development of lunar science. The findings of this work help scholars comprehend the development of lunar science for the past, present and future.
Geometrically nonlinear behavior of lattice domes coupled with local Eulerian instability
Authors: Carpinteri Alberto , Lacidogna Giuseppe , Scaramozzino Domenico
Published: January 2021

Structural analysis is an intricate subject when nonlinearities occur. They make the structural behavior complex and may have important consequences in the design choice as well. Especially for lattice domes, as snap-through phenomena and local Eulerian instabilities generally affect the structural response, linear analysis is not enough. In this paper, a semi-analytical formulation is used in order to study the geometrically nonlinear behavior of lattice domes subject to vertical loads. The formulation is derived from the equilibrium equations written in the deformed configuration, considering large displacements and taking also into account local buckling conditions. The resulted system of equations, being strongly nonlinear, has been solved by means of a numerical procedure, based on a mixed load-displacement control scheme, leading to the evaluation of the complete equilibrium path. The influence of geometrical parameters on the critical load multiplier and shape of the load-displacement curve is also discussed. In particular, a complex equilibrium path for a sixteen-member five-node lattice structure is analyzed, which is characterized by several branches which can generate ‘snapping’ conditions.
Electrogalvanization using new generation coatings with carbonaceous additives: progress and challenges
Authors: Punith Kumar M. K. , Rekha M. Y. , Srivastava Chandan
Published: January 2021

Zinc is an important coating material for corrosion protection of carbon steel because of its sacrificial behavior. Continuous efforts have therefore been made over the years to perform required microstructural engineering to further enhance the corrosion resistance behavior of Zn based coatings. This review is focused on a new class of recently developed coatings in which carbonaceous materials like graphene, graphene oxide and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are incorporated into Zn metal matrix to significantly affects its electrochemical response. Impermeability of the graphene and graphene oxide and hydrophobicity of the CNTs are the principal reasons behind the adoption of these carbonaceous additives. Over the years, the researchers have, however, observed that the in addition to the above, noticeable microstructural and morphological alterations introduced in the coating matrix due to these carbonaceous additives also contribute significantly to the corrosion resistance behavior. An understanding of the microstructural evolution of the coatings as a function of the additive volume fraction is therefore required to design robust composite coatings with enhanced corrosion resistance performance.
CEEPUS: Active Methods in Setting up a New Regional Academic Exchange Program
Authors: Sorantin Elisabeth
Published: January 2021

CEEPUS – Central European Exchange Program for University Studies – is the biggest regional academic exchange program in Europe, currently comprising 15 countries. CEEPUS awards mobility grants to students and teachers, mostly in the framework of networks. From a much-doubted bold experiment, CEEPUS has evolved into a best practice example and has more than fulfilled its original expectations. As CEEPUS III is to expire on April 30, 2025, the discussion is on whether and in which form a possible CEEPUS IV shall be developed.
Inequalities for the generalized trigonometric and hyperbolic functions
Authors: Ma Xiaoyan , Si Xiangbin , Zhong Genhong , He Jianhui
Published: January 2021

In this paper, the authors present some inequalities of the generalized trigonometric and hyperbolic functions which occur in the solutions of some linear differential equations and physics. By these results, some well-known classical inequalities for them are improved, such as Wilker inequality, Huygens inequality, Lazarević inequality and Cusa-Huygens inequality.
On triangular matroids induced by n
3-configurations
Authors: Alazemi Abdullah , Raney Michael
Published: January 2021

A triangular matroid is a rank-3 matroid whose ground set consists of the points of an

n

3

{n}_{3}

-configuration and whose bases are the point triples corresponding to non-triangles within the configuration. Raney previously enumerated the

n

3

{n}_{3}

-configurations which induce triangular matroids for

7
≤
n
≤
15

7\le n\le 15

. In this work, the enumeration is extended to configurations having up to 18 points. Several examples of such configurations and their symmetry groups are presented, as well as geometric representations of the triangular matroids induced by these configurations.
Connected even factors in k-tree
Authors: Li Yinkui , Qin Xiaoxiao , Li Wen , Wang Xiaoling , Ma Haicheng
Published: January 2021

A connected even

[
2
,
2
s
]

{[}2,2s]

-factor of a graph G is a connected factor with all vertices of degree

i
(
i
=
2
,
4
,
…
,
2
s
)

i(i=2,4,\ldots ,2s)

, where

s
≥
1

s\ge 1

is an integer. In this paper, we show that a

k
+
1

s
+
2

\tfrac{k+1}{s+2}

-tough k-tree has a connected even

[
2
,
2
s
]

{[}2,2s]

-factor and thereby generalize the result that a

k
+
1

3

\tfrac{k+1}{3}

-tough k-tree is Hamiltonian in [Hajo Broersma, Liming Xiong, and Kiyoshi Yoshimoto, Toughness and hamiltonicity in k-trees, Discrete Math. 307 (2007), 832–838].
Quasilinear Dirichlet problems with competing operators and convection
Authors: Motreanu Dumitru
Published: January 2021

The paper deals with a quasilinear Dirichlet problem involving a competing (p,q)-Laplacian and a convection term. Due to the lack of ellipticity, monotonicity and variational structure, the known methods to find a weak solution are not applicable. We develop an approximation procedure permitting to establish the existence of solutions in a generalized sense. If in place of competing (p,q)-Laplacian we consider the usual (p,q)-Laplacian, our results ensure the existence of weak solutions.
Mediatized Taiwanese Mandarin: A Text-mining Approach to Speaker Stereotypes
Authors: Peng Chun-Yi , Garcia Nicholas
Published: January 2021

This study adopts text-mining techniques to investigate Chinese mainlanders’ attitudes towardgangtaiqiang, a mediatized variety of Taiwanese Mandarin. The study provides evidence for an emerging shift in attitudes towardgangtaiqiangas discussed in Peng (2018). Using key qualifiers (e.g., babyish, soft, and polite) scraped from online forums discussinggangtaiqiangand Taiwanese television programs, this study constructs a “lexical network” with links between words or phrases that co-occur in the data set to discover distinct themes or conceptual categories linked togangtaiqiang. Our analysis attributes the effeminized perceptions ofgangtaiqiangto (1) the mediatized representations of Taiwanese Mandarin inspired by Korea’s burgeoning trend of metrosexuality and (2) a patriarchal culture that equates China’s ascending global power with traditional notions of manhood.
Combatting Linguistic Stereotyping and Prejudice by Evoking Stereotypes
Authors: Deutschmann Mats , Steinvall Anders
Published: January 2021

The article offers an account of two projects conducted at Örebro University and Umeå University, Sweden, which are aimed at raising awareness of issues related to linguistic stereotyping using matched-guise-inspired methods (Raising Awareness through Virtual Experiencing[RAVE] funded by the Swedish Research Council anda Cross-Cultural Perspective on Raising of Awareness through Virtual Experiencing(C-RAVE) funded by the Marcus and Amalia Wallenberg foundation). We provide an overview of the methods used in university courses, with the aim to raise awareness of how stereotyping can affect our perception. We also give a more detailed account of the findings from two case activities conducted in Sweden and the Seychelles. Here the response patterns indicate that the perceived gender of a voice as well as the accent (native vs non-native) do affect respondents’ judgements of performance. We were also able to show that discussions and reflections inspired by these response patterns led to raised self-awareness of matters related to language and stereotyping. The article then moves on to a critical query of our methods and also contextualizes our work in a broader discussion on methods and initiatives for how educational institutions actively can contribute to combatting (language) prejudice and discrimination in various ways.
New degenerate Bernoulli, Euler, and Genocchi polynomials
Authors: Herscovici Orli , Mansour Toufik
Published: January 2021

We introduce new generalizations of the Bernoulli, Euler, and Genocchi polynomials and numbers based on the Carlitz-Tsallis degenerate exponential function. Also, we present generalizations of some familiar identities and connection between these types of Bernoulli, Euler, and Genocchi polynomials. Moreover, we establish new analogues of the Euler identity for degenerate Bernoulli polynomials and numbers.
Investigation of the use of various materials for the construction of an enthalpy exchanger
Authors: Kozák Pavol , Košičanová Danica
Published: January 2021

Considering the current gradual depletion of non-renewable primary sources, it is necessary to address the reduction of energy consumption in ventilation and air conditioning systems. Although heat recovery alone reduces the energy intensity of these systems, if moisture recovery is considered as well, the contribution in reducing energy consumption is significant. These are mainly the devices designed primarily for spaces where people stay permanently, which do not allow large fluctuations in temperature and humidity. In cooperation with the manufacturer of heat recovery exchangers, we determined our own method of comparing different types of materials that could be used to design an exchanger which would also allow moisture recovery. These results in a significant reduction in energy consumption used to humidify the air in ventilation and air conditioning systems. It is one of the possible ways how to compare individual samples that are being measured. This article primarily deals with the comparison of three different types of materials, out of the total number of twelve measured samples.
Numerical Modelling of Oedometer Test
Authors: Agraine Hana , Bouali Meriem Fakhreddine
Published: January 2021

The oedometric test is a test widely used in civil engineering. The main objective of this article has been to investigate the primary consolidation behaviour of the intact soil samples by comparing the results obtained from finite element analysis computations in PlAXIS2D with the experimental result of the soil samples obtained from the site of the Al-Ahdab oil field in the east of Iraq. Three different material models were utilized during the finite element analysis, comparing the performance of the more advanced constitutive Soft Soil material model against the modified Cam Clay and Mohr-Coulomb material models. Numerical results of Oedomter test show that the Soft Soil model behaviour is the most appropriate model to describe the observed behaviour.
Bottom-Up Postmodernism
Authors: Urban Florian
Published: January 2021

In Bottom-Up Postmodernism: Unauthorized Church Architecture in Socialist Poland, Florian Urban discusses rural and semirural Roman Catholic churches built in socialist Poland under the direction of local parish priests and financed through informal means, such as in-kind donations, volunteer work, and financial support from partner congregations abroad. In the politically unsettled climate of the 1970s and 1980s, these buildings were grudgingly tolerated by political authorities, who feared further confrontations with an increasingly unruly population. The churches evidence the efforts of priests and bishops to strengthen the Catholic Church’s spatial presence and social influence while also revealing tensions within the church hierarchy. Postmodern neohistoricism was the style of choice for many of these churches, three of which are analyzed here: St. Lucia in suburban Warsaw (1972–93), St.Michael the Archangel in Kamion in central Poland (1978–90), and St. Francis of Assisi in Mierzowice, Lower Silesia (ca. 1977–90). These buildings’ distinct, localized postmodernism emerged fromsociopolitical transformations occurring under a declining authoritarian regime and represent a historically situated struggle over the symbolic occupation of public space. 372
Apple Pips, Fruit Stains, and Clammy Juice
Authors: Chapman Alison Georgina
Published: January 2021

Alison Georgina Chapman, “Apple Pips, Fruit Stains, and Clammy Juice: Nature’s Ornaments and the Aesthetics of Preservation in Thomas Hardy's The Woodlanders” (pp. 372–398)

This paper explores Thomas Hardy’s representation of the natural world as ornamental in The Woodlanders (1887). Previous critics have pointed to the ornate and artificial descriptions of the environment to argue that nature is strangely absent in The Woodlanders. However, I argue that Hardy sees ornamental aesthetics as uniquely capable of representing ecology. As a mode that appeals to the senses while resisting interpretation, ornament captures how nature can be simultaneously overbearing in its influence over, and remote as a source of consolation to, its human interlopers. Moreover, ornament’s formal openness—specifically its capacity for endless embellishments—is better suited to nature’s mutability and inherent complexity. This adaptive, combinatory capacity proves to be a central aesthetic value for Hardy. In his architectural writing, the author argues that old buildings must be preserved from renovators who would replace these monuments’ eccentric, bric-a-brac histories with simplified, formally coherent structures. Hardy’s concern here is not only aesthetic but also ecocritical, as the author notes that such renovations often entail massive amounts of waste. Ornamental complexity and its capacity for adaptation, repurposing, and reuse thus yoke together Hardy’s interests in historic preservation, aesthetics, and ecology. By reading The Woodlanders as an ornamental novel, this essay shows how Hardy’s decorous style is part of a broader ecological and ethical project.
Enhancement of soil engineering properties with sewage sludge ash
Authors: Karim MA , Hassan Ahmed Sami , Hawa Ammar
Published: January 2021

A laboratory study was conducted to enhance the engineering properties of soil with sewage sludge ash (SSA) that can be used in different engineering applications. Proctor compaction test was conducted to determine the optimum moisture content and maximum dry density of soil samples with arbitrarily selected SSA contents. Atterberg limits and grain size distribution tests were conducted to classify the soil. An unconfined compressive strength test was conducted with air-dry for a few arbitrarily selected curing periods to determine the strength. It was concluded from this study that the addition of SSA enhanced the soil type as well as the engineering properties. The optimum soil to SSA mixture was a mixture of soil with 7.5% SSA for a curing period of 28 days, which is expected to perform better as engineering materials. A mixture of soil with 5% SSA content for the same curing period could also be used as a viable alternative. The addition of SSA with soil decreased the plasticity index that indicated a more pronounced reduction in volumetric swelling. The study revealed that potentially 7.5% of SSA can be used as a part of soil property improvement that would go to landfills to be managed otherwise.
Six-Year Neurodevelopmental Outcomes for Children With Single-Ventricle Physiology
Authors: Sananes Renee , Goldberg Caren S. , Newburger Jane W. , Hu Chenwei , Trachtenberg Felicia , Gaynor J. William , Mahle William T. , Miller Thomas , Uzark Karen , Mussatto Kathleen A. , Pizarro Christian , Jacobs Jeffrey P. , Cnota James , Atz Andrew M. , Lai Wyman W. , Burns Kristin M. , Milazzo Angelo , Votava-Smith Jodie , Brosig Cheryl L. ,   on behalf of the PHN investigators
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVES:

To determine if neurodevelopmental deficits in children with single-ventricle physiology change with age and early developmental scores predict 6-year outcomes.

METHODS:

In the Single Ventricle Reconstruction Trial, Bayley Scales of Infant Development, Second Edition, were administered at 14 months of age, and parents completed the Behavior Assessment System for Children, Second Edition (BASC-2) annually from the ages of 2 to 6 years. Scores were classified as average, at risk, or impaired. We calculated sensitivities, specificities, and positive and negative predictive values of earlier tests on 6-year outcomes.

RESULTS:

Of 291 eligible participants, 244 (84%) completed the BASC-2 at 6 years; more Single Ventricle Reconstruction participants than expected on the basis of normative data scored at risk or impaired on the BASC-2 Adaptive Skills Index at that evaluation (28.7% vs 15.9%; P < .001). Children with Adaptive Skills Composite scores <2 SD below the mean at the age of 6 were more likely to have had delayed development at 14 months, particularly on the Psychomotor Development Index (sensitivity of 79%). However, the positive predictive value of the 14-month Mental Development Index and Psychomotor Development Index for 6-year BASC-2 Adaptive Scores was low (44% and 36%, respectively). Adaptive Skills Composite score impairments at the age of 6 were poorly predicted by using earlier BASC-2 assessments, with low sensitivities at the ages of 3 (37%), 4 (48%), and 5 years (55%).

CONCLUSIONS:

Many children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome who have low adaptive skills at the age of 6 years will not be identified by screening at earlier ages. With our findings, we highlight the importance of serial evaluations for children with critical congenital heart disease throughout development.