bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Power calculations for survival analyses via Monte Carlo estimation
Authors: Richardson David B.
Published: October 2003

Background

Power calculations can be a useful step in the design of epidemiologic studies. For occupational and environmental cohort studies, however, the calculation of statistical power has been difficult because researchers are often interested in situations where exposure assignment is time‐dependent, and in research questions that pertain to cumulative exposure‐mortality trends evaluated with statistical methods for survival analysis. These conditions are not easily accommodated by available software or published formulas for power calculation.

Methods

Monte Carlo methods can be used to estimate statistical power for survival analyses. Simple computer programs are presented to illustrate this approach.

Results

We show that, for the simple case of a randomized clinical trial involving a dichotomous exposure, the results of power calculations derived via this Monte Carlo approach conform to values derived using a previously published formula. We then illustrate how the Monte Carlo approach may be extended to obtain estimates of statistical power for analyses of cumulative exposure‐mortality trends under conditions more typical of occupational cohort studies.

Conclusions

The Monte Carlo approach provides a way to perform power calculations for a wide range of study conditions. The approach illustrated in this study should simplify the task of calculating power for survival analyses, particularly in epidemiologic research on occupational cohorts. Am. J. Ind. Med. 44:532–539, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cloning and expression of male‐specific protein (MSP) from the hemolymph of greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella L.
Authors: Han Jikhyon , Lee Chang Seok , Yun Chi Young , Lee Bong Hee , Ko Young Gyu , Kang Chang Soo , Lee Sang Dae , Hwang Jae Sam , Kang Seok Woo , Kim Hak R.
Published: October 2003

Male‐specific protein (MSP) is a soluble protein that accumulates in high amounts in the hemolymph and other organs of adult male wax moth. The MSP was purified from adult male wax moth by gel filtration and reversed phase column chromatography, and its amino acid sequence was determined. Because of blocked N‐terminus, several internal amino acid sequences of MSP were obtained by the in‐gel digestion method using trypsin. RT‐PCR was conducted using degenerate primers designed from the internal amino acid sequences. 5′‐RACE PCR was used to obtain the complete coding region and 5′‐UTR sequence. The full length MSP cDNA sequence encodes a 239 amino acid polypeptide with an 18 amino acid signal peptide. The putative mature MSP has a molecular mass of 24,317 Da and an isoelectric point (pI) of 6.00, but shows a molecular mass of 27 kDa on SDS‐PAGE. Sequence alignment showed a significant similarity between MSP and juvenile hormone binding proteins (JHBPs) of several lepidopteran species, including G. mellonella. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 54:110–120, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regulation of juvenile hormone biosynthesis in Heliothis virescens by Manduca sexta allatotropin
Authors: Rachinsky Anna , Srinivasan Asoka , Ramaswamy Sonny B.
Published: October 2003

In Heliothis virescens, reproduction is strictly dependent on juvenile hormone (JH). In females, mating induces a sharp increase in JH titers, which stimulates increased vitellogenin biosynthesis and higher rates of egg production. JH biosynthesis is presumably stimulated by production and/or release of stimulatory neuropeptides such as allatotropins. There is evidence that allatotropin of H. virescens may be structurally related to Manduca sexta allatotropin (Manse‐AT). In a radiochemical in vitro assay, synthetic Manse‐AT stimulated JH biosynthesis by corpora allata (CA) of virgin H. virescens females in a dose‐dependent manner, but had no effect on CA activity in H. virescens males. In females, the CA showed a transient increase in sensitivity to Manse‐AT shortly after mating. Several structurally related peptides stimulated CA activity to a similar extent as Manse‐AT. Corpora allata activity was stimulated by a Ca2+ ionophore, A23187. A membrane‐permeable Ca2+ chelator, BAPTA/AM, antagonized the stimulatory effects of Manse‐AT, suggesting that Manse‐AT may enhance CA activity by increasing intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 54:121–133, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Persistent Mullerian duct syndrome caused by both a 27‐bp deletion and a novel splice mutation in the MIS type II receptor gene
Authors: Hoshiya Makiko , Christian Benjamin P. , Cromie William J. , Kim Hyung , Zhan Yong , MacLaughlin David T. , Donahoe Patricia K.
Published: October 2003

BACKGROUND

Persistent Mullerian duct syndrome (PMDS) is a rare form of male pseudohermaphroditism that is characterized by the persistence of Mullerian derivatives in otherwise normally virilized males. Mutations of the Mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS) gene or the MIS type II receptor (MISRII) gene have been identified in PMDS patients with autosomal recessive transmission. We analyzed a compound heterozygote PMDS patient who had a 27‐bp deletion in exon 10 in one allele and a novel mutation in intron 5 in the other allele of the MISRII gene.

METHODS

Whole blood and tissue samples were obtained from a one‐month‐old 46,XY male with persistent PMDS and the MISRII gene was sequenced and compared to his mother's genomic DNA and that of 22 normal individuals. Serum MIS and the reproductive hormones were measured by standard immunoassays.

RESULTS

The patient's hormone levels were normal but the gene for MISRII contained several mutations, a 27‐bp deletion in exon 10 on one allele (one of the most common mutations in PMDS) and a novel mutation in intron 5 in the other allele that altered splicing, resulting in retention of the intron and a frameshift, introducing a stop codon. Other mutations in introns 6 and 9 and in exon 11 might not be functionally significant.

CONCLUSIONS

This case reveals a novel mutation in the MISRII gene involving intronic sequences, which when coexisting with the already identified 27‐bp deletion in exon 10, leads to PMDS. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Developmental immunotoxicity of lead: Impact on thymic function
Authors: Lee Ji‐Eun , Dietert Rodney R.
Published: October 2003

BACKGROUND

Since the potential effects of early exposure to lead on thymic functions have not been fully characterized, in this study we evaluated the capacity of lead to alter thymic function in juvenile chickens following embryonic exposure.

METHODS

Cornell K strain White Leghorn chicken eggs were administered lead acetate (400 μg/egg) or sodium acetate (control) on embryonic development (E12) with and without thymulin supplementation. Ex vivo production of interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ)‐like cytokine by thymocytes and a delayed‐type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction were measured in the juvenile. Additionally, the effects of in vitro exposure to lead on both thymocytes and thymic stromal cells (TSCs) were evaluated.

RESULTS

Following E12 exposure to lead, ex vivo production of IFN‐γ‐like cytokine by juvenile‐derived thymocytes decreased significantly compared to the control. The same effect was observed when thymocytes were directly exposed to lead in vitro and stimulated with thymic stromal supernatant. In contrast, when TSCs were exposed to lead in vitro, no change was seen in their functional capacity for promoting cytokine production. In ovo supplementation with thymulin partially reversed lead‐induced DTH depression without any change in IFN‐γ‐like cytokine production. Embryonic exposure to thymulin alone partially depressed the DTH response.

CONCLUSIONS

These results suggest that lead can directly influence thymocyte function in the absence of the thymic microenvironment. Since thymulin levels may influence lead‐induced immunotoxicity, embryonic endocrine status may be an important consideration. Lead exposure appears to alter thymic functions directly; however, indirect effects via endocrine factors are not precluded. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Multiple‐Absorbent Markov Process in Survival Studies: Application to Breast Cancer
Authors: Pérez‐Ocón Rafael , Ruiz‐Castro Juan Eloy
Published: October 2003

A Markov process with several absorbent states is applied for analyzing a breast cancer dataset. The study examines the evolution of patients until death, and shows that two well‐differentiated ways can be considered in the evolution of patients towards the death state: those who relapse and those who not. The risk groups we have considered are determined by the application of treatments radiotherapy and chemotherapy, which are introduced as covariates. Four states are distinguished: no relapse, relapse, death after metastasis, and death without metastasis, the last two absorbent. We apply a methodology that uses algorithmic procedures, avoiding differential equations. The transition probability functions and the likelihood function in the model are calculated. For the dataset, the survival functions and the mean times in states for the different group of risks are determined. We show that the metastasis is the main cause of death in this cohort, but the number of deaths by relapse is not negligible.
A Mixture Point Process for Repeated Failure Times, with an Application to a Recurrent Disease
Authors: Pons O. , Gasqui P.
Published: October 2003

We present a model that describes the distribution of recurring times of a disease in presence of covariate effects. After a first occurrence of the disease in an individual, the time intervals between successive cases are supposed to be independent and to be a mixture of two distributions according to the issue of the previous treatment. Both sub‐distributions of the model and the mixture proportion are allowed to involve covariates. Parametric inference is considered and we illustrate the methods with data of a recurrent disease and with simulations, using piecewise constant baseline hazard functions.
Sample Size Reassessment in Adaptive Clinical Trials Using a Bias Corrected Estimate
Authors: Coburger Silke , Wassmer Gernot
Published: October 2003

Point estimation in group sequential and adaptive trials is an important issue in analysing a clinical trial. Most literature in this area is only concerned with estimation after completion of a trial. Since adaptive designs allow reassessment of sample size during the trial, reliable point estimation of the true effect when continuing the trial is additionally needed. We present a bias adjusted estimator which allows a more exact sample size determination based on the conditional power principle than the naive sample mean does.
Logit effect values and efficiency of significance tests when a noncollapsible variable is omitted
Authors: Aris E.M.D.
Published: October 2003

For linear models, randomization of the assignment to the levels of a variableAis a sufficient condition to obtain correct estimates of the effect ofAon another variableB. For logit models, the omission of a relevant variableZoften results in invalid estimates of the effect ofAand in a loss of power of the significance test. The values of this underestimation and of the loss of power are evaluated here asymptotically and from simulation studies. Consequences for practical use of logit models in randomized settings are underlined.
On the Use of the Shapiro‐Wilk Test in Two‐Stage Adaptive Inference for Paired Data from Moderate to Very Heavy Tailed Distributions
Authors: Freidlin B. , Miao W. , Gastwirth J.L.
Published: October 2003

Paired data arises in a wide variety of applications where often the underlying distribution of the paired differences is unknown. When the differences are normally distributed, the t‐test is optimum. On the other hand, if the differences are not normal, the t‐test can have substantially less power than the appropriate optimum test, which depends on the unknown distribution. In textbooks, when the normality of the differences is questionable, typically the non‐parametric Wilcoxon signed rank test is suggested. An adaptive procedure that uses the Shapiro‐Wilk test of normality to decide whether to use the t‐test or the Wilcoxon signed rank test has been employed in several studies. Faced with data from heavy tails, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) introduced another approach: it applies both the sign and t‐tests to the paired differences, the alternative hypothesis is accepted if either test is significant. This paper investigates the statistical properties of a currently used adaptive test, the EPA's method and suggests an alternative technique. The new procedure is easy to use and generally has higher empirical power, especially when the differences are heavy‐tailed, than currently used methods.
Bayesian Estimation of the Distribution Function of the Poisson Model
Authors: Howlader Hatem A. , Balasooriya Uditha
Published: October 2003

This paper presents the Bayes estimators of the Poisson distribution function based on complete and truncated data under a natural conjugate prior. Laplace transform of the incomplete gamma function and the Gauss hypergeometric function have been employed in order to overcome the intractability of the integrals. Numerical examples from biosciences are given to illustrate the results. A Monte Carlo study has been carried out to compare Bayes estimators under complete data with the corresponding maximum liklihood estimators.
Effect of recanalization of chronic total occlusions on global and regional left ventricular function in patients with or without previous myocardial infarction
Authors: Chung Chang‐Min , Nakamura Shigeru , Tanaka Koji , Tanigawa Jun , Kitano Katsuya , Akiyama Tatsurou , Matoba Yoshiki , Katoh Osamu
Published: October 2003

Previous studies have demonstrated improvement of regional wall motion and global left ventricular function after successful recanalization of chronic total occlusion in coronary artery. However, the difference of benefits of recanalization between infarct site and noninfarct site is unknown. This study assessed the changes in left ventricular ejection fraction, regional wall motion after successful angioplasty of chronic total occlusions with or without previous myocardial infarction. This study also evaluated the factors that influenced the outcome of left ventricular function. We retrospectively studied 75 patients with a successfully recanalized chronic total occlusion in native coronary artery. Left ventriculograms were obtained at baseline and after 6 months. Global and regional left ventricular function were determined. The patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 comprised patients without previous myocardial infarction in the territories of total occlusion vessel that was recanalized. Group 2 comprised patients with previous myocardial infarction in the territories of total occlusion vessel that was recanalized. Left ventricular ejection fraction increased from 53.2% ± 16.3% at baseline to 57.3% ± 20.1% at 6‐month follow‐up in the whole group (P = 0.001). In group 1 patients, the evolution of left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction increased from 59.5% ± 13.7% to 67.3% ± 14.6% (P < 0.001). In group 2 patients, the evolution of LV ejection fraction increased, but not significantly, from 48.9% ± 16.2% to 50.5% ± 16.9% (P = NS). The evolution of LV ejection fraction increased from 47.6% ± 17.4% to 50.8% ± 17.5% (P < 0.05) in the subgroup of recanalization in infarct‐related vessel that had rich collateral circulation and had long‐term patency. The regional wall motion all significantly improved in group 1 patients (P < 0.05). The regional wall motion did not change in group 2 patients (P = NS). The influence of recanalization of chronic coronary occlusions on the improvement of left ventricular global function was different between myocardial infarction and nonmyocardial infarction patients. The left ventricular function did not improve in myocardial infarction patient. Regional wall motion improved in patients without previous myocardial infarction. For reliable improvement of left ventricular function after recanalization of chronic total occlusions, evidence (not only by symptom or treadmill test) of viable myocardium in recanalized vessel is important. It is also important to keep patency of infarct‐related vessel that has good collateral circulation for improving the left ventricular function. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2003;60:368–374. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New catheter design for cannulation of the anomalous right coronary artery arising from the left sinus of valsalva
Authors: Qayyum Usman , Leya Fred , Steen Lowell , Sochanski Miroslaw , Grassman Eric , Cho Leslie , Lewis Bruce
Published: October 2003

Cannulation of an anomalous right coronary artery during coronary angiography and percutaneous intervention poses significant technical difficulties using currently available catheter shapes. We describe a new catheter design and the cannulation technique for application of this catheter. The initial experience with this catheter in cases is reported. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2003;60:382–388. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Simultaneous stenting of the carotid artery and other coronary or extracoronary arteries: Does a combined procedure increase the risk of interventional therapy?
Authors: Hofmann Robert , Kerschner Klaus , Kypta Alexander , Steinwender Clemens , Bibl Dietmar , Leisch Franz
Published: October 2003

Simultaneous interventions in carotid and other extracarotid arteries are not performed on a routine basis up to now. In 67 out of 295 consecutive patients (23%) undergoing elective stenting of the internal carotid artery, additional interventions in the coronary arteries (n = 65), the iliac artery (n = 3), renal artery (n = 1), left subclavian artery (n = 3), vertebral artery (n = 4), or a combination thereof were performed. Primary stenting was done in 51 (74%) out of 69 carotid arteries, in 48 (74%) of 65 coronary arteries, and in 10 (91%) of 11 other targeted vessels. Neurological complications consisted of two (2.9%) transient ischemic attacks and one (1.5%) minor stroke. In addition, one (1.5%) myocardial infarction occurred during coronary artery intervention. In comparison, 16 (6.6%) transient ischemic attacks, 1 minor stroke (0.4%), 5 (2.2%) major strokes, and 3 (1.2%) deaths were observed in 228 patients without combined procedures. Simultaneous percutaneous interventions including carotid arteries and other extracarotid arteries are feasible, relatively safe, and cost‐effective.Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2003;60:314–319. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Silicon carbide‐coated stents in patients with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Hamm Christian W. , Hugenholtz Paul G.
Published: October 2003

Silicon carbide (aSIC‐C) is a stent coating with antithrombogenic as well as anti‐inflammatory properties as compared with uncoated stainless steal based on in vitro and in vivo studies. This study investigated the potential of this coating in patients with unstable angina. At 38 study sites, 485 patients were randomized to an aSIC‐C (n = 238) or a conventional stainless steal stent (n = 247). Patient were classified according to angina at rest within last 48 hr to Braunwald in class IIB (= 314) and IIIB (n = 171). The primary endpoint was a combination of death, myocardial infarction, or ischemia‐driven target vessel revascularization at 6 months. Complications of procedures performed at 0.4 ± 1.1 days after admission occurred at lower rates than previously reported in this high‐risk population, but the primary endpoint was not different between the study groups. Only in Braunwald class IIIB patients did the primary endpoint occur less frequently in patients with an aSIC‐C stent as compared to patients with a conventional stent (5.8% vs. 15.3%; P = 0.049). At 9‐month follow‐up, the level of difference was maintained, but statistical significance was lost. Quantitative angiography revealed no significant difference between the stents in the subgroups. This study suggests that aSIC‐C stents exert clinically measurable effects in patients with unstable angina with recent symptoms at rest. This coating deserves further clinical investigation and may serve as platform for antiproliferative drugs. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2003;60:375–381. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Percutaneous intervention of spontaneous renal artery dissection complicated with renal infarction: A case report and literature review
Authors: Lee Sang Hak , Lee Han Cheol , Oh Sung Jin , Park Min Chan , Park Kyeong Jin , Moon Yong Sun , Min Ja Won , Hwang Eun Ju , Baek Jeong Eun , Jo Eun Sun , Jang Gil Jin
Published: October 2003

Spontaneous renal artery dissection (SRAD) is a rare condition that occurs before renal infarction. Using percutaneous intervention to treat SRAD remains controversial because it is not clear whether it is feasible or effective. We describe a 48‐year‐old male patient with SRAD complicated with renal infarction who was successfully treated with percutnaeous angioplasty and renal artery stenting. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2003;60:335–338. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Myocardial perfusion during transient slow‐flow in the patient with old vein graft intervention: Assessment by serial measurement of pressure‐derived fractional flow reserve and thermodilution‐derived coronary flow reserve
Authors: Matsuo Hitoshi , Watanabe Sachiro , Yasuda Shinji , Hirose Takeshi , Iwama Makoto , Tanaka Shinichiro , Yamaki Takahiko , Ono Kouji , Takahashi Haruki , Segawa Tomonori , Matsuno Yukihiko , Minatoguchi Shinya , Fujiwara Hisayoshi
Published: October 2003

A patient with distal slow‐flow after stenting in the old vein graft intervention was reported. This case is a first in whom guidewire‐based serial measurement of pressure‐derived fractional flow reserve (FFRmyo) and thermodilution‐based coronary flow reserve (CFRthermo) clearly demonstrated the serial change of microvascular circulation. During slow‐flow, CFRthermo remained in low value despite significant improvement of FFRmyo from 0.61 to 0.90. After thrombus aspiration and nicorandil injection, coronary flow reestablished immediately. CFRthermo improved significantly from 1.3 during slow‐flow to 3.6 after restoration of flow. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2003;60:392–398. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Percutaneous mitral valve repair: A feasibility study in an ovine model of acute ischemic mitral regurgitation
Authors: Liddicoat John R. , Mac Neill Briain D. , Gillinov A. Marc , Cohn William E. , Chin Chi‐Hui , Prado Aldo D. , Pandian Natesa G. , Oesterle Stephen N.
Published: October 2003

Annuloplasty is the cornerstone of surgical mitral valve repair. A percutaneous transvenous catheter‐based approach for mitral valve repair was tested by placing a novel annuloplasty device in the coronary sinus of sheep with acute ischemic mitral regurgitation. Mitral regurgitation was reduced from 3–4+ to 0–1+ in all animals (P < 0.03). The annuloplasty functioned by reducing septal‐lateral mitral annular diameter (30 ± 2.1 mm preinsertion vs. 24 ± 1.7 mm postinsertion; P < 0.03). These preliminary experiments demonstrate that percutaneous mitral annuloplasty is feasible. Further study is necessary to demonstrate long‐term safety and efficacy of this novel approach. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2003;60:410–416.© 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Wasser‐ und Abwassertechnik: Entwicklungen und Meilensteine
Authors: Räbiger N.
Published: October 2003

No abstracts.
Mechanische Fest/Flüssig‐Trennung im Wandel der Zeit
Authors: Anlauf H.
Published: October 2003

No abstracts.
Adsorption
Authors: von Gemmingen U.
Published: October 2003

No abstracts.
Energieverfahrenstechnik für eine emissionsarme und Ressourcen schonende Stromerzeugung
Authors: Kather A.
Published: October 2003

No abstracts.
Korrosion – Vergangenheit, Heute und Zukunft
Authors: Schütze M.
Published: October 2003

No abstracts.
Prozess‐ und Anlagentechnik – Ein faszinierendes Aufgabengebiet
Authors: Schmidt‐Traub H.
Published: October 2003

No abstracts.
Zerkleinerung – Eine uralte Technologie und immer noch eine Herausforderung
Authors: Redeker D.
Published: October 2003

No abstracts.
Meilensteine der Dosiertechnik
Authors: Vetter G.
Published: October 2003

No abstracts.
Industrielle Kristallisation
Authors: Kind M.
Published: October 2003

No abstracts.
Sichere Chemietechnik: Gestern, heute und morgen
Authors: Pilz V.
Published: October 2003

No abstracts.
Bioverfahrenstechnik – Ingenieure auf dem Weg ins Jahrhundert der Biologie
Authors: Weuster‐Botz D.
Published: October 2003

No abstracts.
Trocknungstechnik
Authors: Gehrmann D.
Published: October 2003

No abstracts.
Lebensmittelverfahrenstechnik
Authors: Schuchmann H.P.
Published: October 2003

No abstracts.
Prozessautomatisierung
Authors: Schuler H.
Published: October 2003

No abstracts.
Katalyse
Authors: Weitkamp J.
Published: October 2003

No abstracts.
Schüttgutverfahrenstechnik
Authors: Schwedes J.
Published: October 2003

No abstracts.
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
Authors: Schierholz W.F. , Gilbert N.
Published: October 2003

No abstracts.
Prozessintegration
Authors: Agar D.W.
Published: October 2003

No abstracts.
„Thermische Zerlegung von Gas‐ und Flüssigkeitsgemischen”︁ im Spiegel des GVC‐Fachausschusses – Rückblick und Ausblick
Authors: Arlt W. , Goedecke R.
Published: October 2003

No abstracts.
Chemie Ingenieur Technik: Band 75
Authors: Böck B.
Published: October 2003

No abstracts.
Mischvorgänge – Ein lebendiges Arbeitsgebiet
Authors: Kraume M.
Published: October 2003

No abstracts.
Forschungs‐ und Handlungsperspektiven für die Chemiedidaktik am Beginn des 21. Jahrhunderts. Ein Beitrag zur Diskussion über das Selbstverständnis der Chemiedidaktik als wissenschaftliche Disziplin.
Authors: Eilks Ingo , Ralle Bernd
Published: October 2003

IM BEITRAG werden ausgehend von der internationalen Diskussion über die naturwissenschaftliche Fachdidaktik die aktuelle Situation und die Perspektiven der Chemiedidaktik in Deutschland beleuchtet. Es wird dargestellt, dass eine intensivere Auseinandersetzung mit der Frage nach dem Selbstverständnis der Chemiedidaktik als forschungsbasierte wissenschaftliche Disziplin notwendig ist. Hierbei werden auch Gedanken aus der Tradition der Aktionsforschung einfließen.
2003 — das Jahr der Chemie: im Rückblick mit Einblick zum Ausblick
Authors: Reiners Christiane S.
Published: October 2003

DIE CHEMIEORGANISATIONEN in Deutschland begehen gemeinsam mit dem Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) das Jahr 2003 als Jahr der Chemie, in dem sich der Geburtstag des deutschen Chemikers, Justus von Liebig, zum 200sten Mal jährt. Mit dem Jahr der Chemie wird die Tradition der vorangegangenen themenbezogenen Jahre (2000: Jahr der Physik, 2001 Jahr der Lebenswissenschaften, 2002: Jahr der Geowissenschaften) fortgesetzt. Ziel der Veranstaltungen ist es, den Dialog zwischen Wissenschaften und interessierter Öffentlichkeit zu fördern.

In einem geschichtlichen Rückblick auf die Naturwissenschaft Chemie soll zunächst ergründet werden, warum ausgerechnet die Geburtsdaten des Justus von Liebig Anlass gaben, das Jahr 2003 zum Jahr der Chemie zu krönen. Auf der Grundlage eines didaktisch aufbereiteten Einblicks in das Leben und Werk des Wissenschaftlers von Liebig soll die Entscheidung kritisch reflektiert werden. Und schließlich möchte der Artikel einen Ausblick auf die Ziele der Aktivitäten geben, die von den mit der Chemie verbundenen Instituten der Universität zu Köln zum Jahr der Chemie geplant wurden.
CLIC4 is enriched at cell‐cell junctions and colocalizes with AKAP350 at the centrosome and midbody of cultured mammalian cells
Authors: Berryman Mark A. , Goldenring James R.
Published: October 2003

CLIC4 is a member of the chloride intracellular channel (CLIC) protein family whose principal cellular functions are poorly understood. Recently, we demonstrated that several CLIC proteins, including CLIC4, interact with AKAP350. AKAP350 is concentrated at the Golgi apparatus, centrosome, and midbody and acts as a scaffolding protein for several protein kinases and phosphatases. In this report, we show that endogenous CLIC4 and AKAP350 colocalize at the centrosome and midbody of cultured cells by immunofluorescence microscopy. Unlike AKAP350, CLIC4 is not enriched in the Golgi apparatus but is enriched in mitochondria, actin‐based structures at the cell cortex, and the nuclear matrix, indicating that CLIC4‐AKAP350 interactions are regulated at specific subcellular sites in vivo. In addition to the centrosome and midbody, CLIC4 colocalizes with AKAP350 and the tight junction protein ZO‐1 in the apical region of polarized epithelial cells, suggesting that CLIC4 may play a role in maintaining apical‐basolateral membrane polarity during mitosis and cytokinesis. Biochemical studies show that CLIC4 behaves mainly as a soluble cytosolic protein and can associate with proteins of the microtubule cytoskeleton. The localization of CLIC4 to the cortical actin cytoskeleton and its association with AKAP350 at the centrosome and midbody suggests that CLIC4 may be important for regulating cytoskeletal organization during the cell cycle. These findings lead to the conclusion that CLIC4 and possibly other CLIC proteins have alternate cellular functions that are distinct from their proposed roles as chloride channels. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 56:159–172, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Flattening Drosophila cells for high‐resolution light microscopic studies of mitosis in vitro
Authors: Fleming Shawna L. , Rieder Conly L.
Published: October 2003

Here we briefly review techniques used to flatten cells that otherwise round in culture, so that their division can be more clearly analyzed in vitro by high resolution light microscopy. We then describe an agar overlay procedure for use with isolated Drosophila neuroblasts, which promotes their long‐term viability while also allowing for correlative studies of the same cell in the living and fixed state. This same procedure can also be used to obtain high temporal and spatial resolution images of mitosis and cytokinesis in cultured Drosophila Schneider S2 cells, which are a popular model for RNAi studies. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 56:141–146, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structure of kinetochore fibres in crane‐fly spermatocytes after irradiation with an ultraviolet microbeam: Neither microtubules nor actin filaments remain in the irradiated region
Authors: Forer Arthur , Spurck Tim , Pickett‐Heaps Jeremy D. , Wilson Paula J.
Published: October 2003

We studied chromosome movement after kinetochore microtubules were severed. Severing a kinetochore fibre in living crane‐fly spermatocytes with an ultraviolet microbeam creates a kinetochore stub, a birefringent remnant of the spindle fibre connected to the kinetochore and extending only to the edge of the irradiated region. After the irradiation, anaphase chromosomes either move poleward led by their stubs or temporarily stop moving. We examined actin and/or microtubules in irradiated cells by means of confocal fluorescence microscopy or serial‐section reconstructions from electron microscopy. For each cell thus examined, chromosome movement had been recorded continuously until the moment of fixation. Kinetochore microtubules were completely severed by the ultraviolet microbeam in cells in which chromosomes continued to move poleward after the irradiation: none were seen in the irradiated regions. Similarly, actin filaments normally present in kinetochore fibres were severed by the ultraviolet microbeam irradiations: the irradiated regions contained no actin filaments and only local spots of non‐filamentous actin. There was no difference in irradiated regions when the associated chromosomes continued to move versus when they stopped moving. Thus, one cannot explain motion with severed kinetochore microtubules in terms of either microtubules or actin‐filaments bridging the irradiated region. The data seem to negate current models for anaphase chromosome movement and support a model in which poleward chromosome movement results from forces generated within the spindle matrix that propel kinetochore fibres or kinetochore stubs poleward. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 56:173–192, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Color rendering: Asking the question
Authors: Worthey James A.
Published: October 2003

Two white lights may have the same chromaticity, and yet when used to light an array of objects may differ in their ability to reveal colors. For example, any white light can be matched by a mixture of two narrow‐band lights, a yellow plus a blue. In this extreme case, reds and greens become black or brown and the red‐green dimension is lost. At the other extreme, a light with three narrow bands, at the proper wavelengths, can brighten reds and greens and increase red‐green contrast, relative to a broad‐band light such as daylight. Many commercial lights tend to dull reds and greens, relative to broad‐band sources, a central reason that color rendering is a practical concern. A telling example is neodymium glass, a yellow‐absorbing filter that is sometimes used to improve color rendering. This article seeks to bring these ideas to life through detailed graphical examples. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 28, 403–412, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.10193
Changes in hue and saturation of chromatic lights presented in the peripheral visual field
Authors: Ayama Miyoshi , Sakurai Masato
Published: October 2003

The perception of ten different colors on a CRT display presented across the horizontal meridian of the visual field were measured to determine the range of relevant test stimuli for color zone map measurement. Hue and saturation judgments were used based on the opponent‐colors theory. The changes of the unique hue components for eccentric displays of red, yellow, green, and blue fall within the distribution range of previous results obtained using monochromatic lights. Chromatic displays of nearly unique hues with high saturation would be significant as test colors for measurement for a color zone map. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 28, 413–424, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.10194
Applying chromatic adaptation transforms to mixed adaptation conditions
Authors: Sueeprasan Suchitra , Luo M. Ronnier
Published: October 2003

A set of psychophysical experiments was conducted to investigate the state of adaptation between hardcopy and softcopy images when viewed under mixed illumination conditions. The performance of three chromatic adaptation transforms, CMCCAT97, CMCCAT2000 and CIECAT94, was compared to that of the S‐LMS, a mixed adaptation model. The adaptation ratios of each model were varied to investigate the state of adaptation of the human visual system. Printed complex images were used as originals. A series of softcopy reproduction pairs was displayed on a CRT with a D93 white point and compared to the original in an illuminated room. Three ambient lights were studied: a D50 simulator, an Illuminant A simulator and a Cool‐white fluorescence lamp. The experiments were divided into nine phases according to the changes of illuminants and the luminance levels. A simultaneous binocular matching technique was employed. Observers compared the hardcopy with a given pair of softcopies and identified which reproduction was the closer colour match. The results showed that the state of adaptation of the human visual system was between 40–60% adapted to the white point of the monitor regardless of the changes in illumination conditions. The overall results showed that CMCCAT2000 with proper adaptation ratio outperformed the other models and could be applied to mixed adaptation conditions. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 28, 436–444, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.10196
Evaluation of color matching performances for SPEM and other models
Authors: Tsukada Masato , Tajima Johji , Yaguchi Hirohisa
Published: October 2003

We performed subjective experiments to evaluate color matching performance of the Spectral Properties Estimation Model (SPEM) and six other models (von Kries, CIELAB, LLAB, RLAB, Nayatani, and CIECAM97s) between two CRT monitors whose whites were quite different. Moreover, we evaluated color matching of these models between a CRT monitor and a printed image set in a dark room. The SPEM we developed is a new chromatic adaptation model based on hypothetical spectral properties estimation. This article describes the subjective experiments and the results obtained. The SPEM produced good color matching performance in the experiments. The detailed algorithm of the SPEM is given in the Appendix. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 28, 445–453, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.10197
Color printer characterization adjustment for different substrates
Authors: Shaw Mark , Sharma Gaurav , Bala Raja , Dalal Edul N.
Published: October 2003

The use of multiple substrates in color printers requires color characterization for each of the individual substrates. A full re‐characterization for each substrate is measurement and labor intensive. In this article, a variety of methods are proposed and evaluated for determining the color characterization for a new substrate based on a complete characterization on a reference substrate and a small number of additional measurements for the new substrate. This saves significant time and effort in comparison to the traditional method of repeating the color characterization for each new substrate. The methods developed and tested include model‐based approaches based on Beer's law, Kubelka‐Munk theory, and Neugebauer equations; and an empirical technique based on principal component analysis. Results indicate that the model based techniques offer only a small improvement over direct use of the reference characterization, whereas, the empirical technique offers a more significant improvement with as few as 26 measurements on the new substrate. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 28, 454–467, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.10198
Color variability for a wine sample poured into a standard glass wine sampler
Authors: Huertas R. , Yebra A. , Pérez M.M. , Melgosa M. , Negueruela A.I.
Published: October 2003

Spectroradiometric color measurements were performed at 26 regularly spaced points of a standard wine sampler into which 100 cc of wine were poured. Our goal is to describe the color changes occurring in this system, but not to propose a new method for wine‐color measurement. Three samples of three different wines (red, rosé and white) were studied. From experimental measurements, lines of constant lightness (L), chroma (C,10) and hue‐angle (hab,10) were plotted for each wine poured into the wine sampler, as well as lines of constant CIELAB color differences (ΔE,10), with respect to a reference point placed at the axis of the wine sampler and at the zone with the greatest diameter. Considering different points of the wine sampler, the color attribute undergoing the greatest change was lightness (ΔL about 16.0, 15.0 and 11.0 for the red, rosé and white wines, respectively), followed by chroma (ΔC,10 about 2.8, 3.8 and 2.6 for the red, rosé and white wines, respectively) and hue(ΔH,10 lower than 1.0 for all the wines). Lightness variations were related mainly to the thickness differences between various zones of the wine sampler. Large color differences were found among the different points of the wine poured into the wine sampler (about 20.0, 21.0 and 14.0 CIELAB units, for the red, rosé and white wines, respectively). Panels should be aware of these large color variations when wine is visually assessed using standard wine samplers. It should be concluded that a single color specification for a wine poured into a wine sampler gives incomplete information, but hue, which is the main color attribute considered by observers, is nearly constant in the wine sampler. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 28, 473–479, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.10200
Natural resource damage claims: Potential DOD liabilities and mitigation opportunities
Authors: Sheehy Daniel J. , Vik Susan F.
Published: October 2003

The Natural Resource Damage Assessment (NRDA) provisions of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
(CERCLA), the Oil Pollution Act (OPA), and the Clean Water Act (CWA) designate federal, state, Indian tribe, or
international natural resource trustees to: (1) assess damages for injuries to natural resources; (2) recover costs of
damages and assessments from responsible parties; and (3) restore, replace, or acquire the equivalent of damaged resources and
compensate for lost services. Damages recovered from such claims can be substantial and may exceed cleanup costs. Natural resource trustees are
pursuing Natural Resource Damage (NRD) claims where DOD agencies are either responsible parties or co‐trustees. A recent case at the
Massachusetts Military Reservation demonstrates that state National Guard and DOD components are vulnerable to NRD claims. International NRD claims
for extraterritorial natural resource damages are also possible. DOD natural resource and environmental professionals should be aware of NRD claim
liabilities and proactive measures that can reduce the incidence or consequence of potential claims. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Achieving risk allocation and sustaining readiness in environmental construction contracting
Authors: Schaal William , Zevely Jane A.
Published: October 2003

A properly drafted and executed contract identifies and minimizes unexpected risk to produce successful projects. This paper identifies commonly
troublesome issues, including some that may prove fatal in contracting, to provide decision makers with case examples illustrating solutions and tools
for avoiding, confronting, and overcoming these issues. The authors, an environmental scientist and a legal advisor, address the interrelated issues of
environmental protection, readiness, government policy, regulation, and contract law. Collectively, they have served as owner, contractor, and
subcontractor for Department of Defense, Department of Energy, consulting engineering companies, and legal firms. They have drawn from these experiences
in drafting this paper based on successes and failures of a variety of projects. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An intranet‐based Environmental Management System to support business operations and mission readiness for the Port Hueneme Division–Naval Surface Warfare Center
Authors: Vigon Bruce W. , Brunetti Tiffany A. , Evers David P.
Published: October 2003

The Department of Defense and the Navy have adopted policies to implement Environmental Management Systems (EMS) in accordance with
Executive Order 13148 by December 31, 2005. The Navy has published a draft guidance document identifying the content of a compliant EMS structured
around five major components and 16 elements within those components. However, the full benefit of an EMS in motivating behaviors that go beyond
compliance and directly show environmental contributions to mission accomplishment and readiness will not be achievable with a conventional EMS
solely oriented toward management of the four environmental program pillars. We recommend that the EMS interconnect both the compliance and voluntary
activities of environmental management with the business cycle (the set of iterative activities an organization uses to develop, deliver, and
support its products and services) and the measures of success that characterize both types of processes within the enterprise. © 2003
Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Deconstruction and reuse: Return to true resource conservation and sustainability
Authors: Webster Ron , Napier Tom
Published: October 2003

The deconstruction and salvage of excess buildings is a growing segment of American business. This approach, superior to traditional demolition and
landfill, is the epitome of both the objectives of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), and, more importantly, the
sustainability principles that all Americans once knew. The wood resources that exist in the Army's excess wooden property inventory constitute
the largest existing stand of old growth forests. The exploitation of these assets, and their subsequent reuse, will require a change in the current
Army business paradigm. Such change will lead to a more sustainable Army based upon sound business and sustainability principles. © 2003 Wiley
Periodicals, Inc.
Ein Magnetfeld mit Herz
Authors: Wynands Robert , Bison Georg , Weis Antoine
Published: October 2003

Neue Möglichkeiten für die medizinische Diagnostik: Um die Leistung des menschlichen Herzens zu messen, werden dessen magnetische Signale aufgezeichnet
Impulse für die Forschung in Europa
Authors: Winnacker Ernst‐Ludwig
Published: October 2003

Auf dem Weg zur dynamischsten Wissensgesellschaft der Welt — Der Wettbewerb um die besten Köpfe nimmt an Schärfe zu
Das Auerhuhn und die Frage des Überlebens
Authors: Storch Ilse
Published: October 2003

Wo früher geschlossene Waldlandschaften waren, finden sich heute nur noch „Inseln”︁ in einem „Meer”︁ offener Flächen. Was bedeutet das zum Beispiel für das Auerhuhn?
Insekten in der Welt der Düfte
Authors: Galizia Giovanni
Published: October 2003

Ob Nahrungs‐ oder Partnersuche — Düfte spielen für Insekten eine wichtige Rolle. Wie Duftnoten in deren Gehirn verarbeitet werden, beantworten Untersuchungen zum Riechsystem von Honigbiene und Räuberameise
Ein neues Bild der alten Welt
Authors: Unterstell Rembert
Published: October 2003

Die Ausstellung „Archäologie in Deutschland”︁ präsentierte nicht nur spektakuläre Entdeckungen, sondern auch die Wege der Grundlagenforschung
Approaches to locating expertise using corporate knowledge
Authors: Crowder Richard , Hughes Gareth , Hall Wendy
Published: October 2003

In many organizations people need to locate colleagues with knowledge and information to resolve a problem. Computer‐based systems that assist users with ﬁnding such expertise are increasingly important to industrial organizations. In this paper we discuss the development of Expertise Finders suitable for use within the engineering design environment, as illustrated through the use of a scenario. A key feature of this work is that the Expertise Finder returns both recommended contacts and supporting documentation. The Expertise Finder bases its results on information held within the organization, e.g. on‐line publications repositories, human resource records, and not on individually compiled Curriculum Vitaes or other forms of user‐maintained records. The recommendations are presented to the user with due regard to the social context, and are supported by the documents used to make the recommendation. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Instruments to visualize design engineering information and activities in automotive supplier companies
Authors: Vroom Regine W. , Horváth Imre , van der Vegte Wilfred F.
Published: October 2003

Before implementing a product data management system within a company, the internal processes of product and process development and the information handled herein should be organized well. To enable this organization, one should be able to see the bottlenecks. Therefore, the working methods and the documents involved should be made transparent. That is why the development processes of three automotive suppliers have been analyzed and documented in three representations, formatted according to a generic scheme, to gain transparency of the processes. Based on these representations, a so‐called induced model of product and process development is created. In this paper, which is an extension of Vroom RW et al. (2002. In PAKM 2002, LNAI 2596, Karagiannis D, Reimer U (eds). Springer: Berlin; 347–358), the format of the representations will be explained brieﬂy, the application method for the realization of the representations will be described and some of the results will be illustrated. Also, the problems that came up during the research will be described. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.