bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
1834 – The Need For Specialist Service For Offenders With Autistic Spectrum Disorder Within High Secure Psychiatric Care
Authors: Misra P. , Patel M.K. , Edwards J.E.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

There are 3 High Secure Psychiatric Hospitals in United Kingdom. The Autism Act passed in 2009 introduced the Adult Autism Strategy, which sets out how local services should be improved to meet the needs of adults with Autism.

There are specialist services available to care for offenders with Autism in low and medium secure forensic settings but there is a lack of dedicated support in high secure settings.

Objective

The objective was to identify whether current care provided for such patients is appropriate.

Aim

The aim of the audit was to evaluate the need for specialist service for offenders with Autistic Spectrum Disorder within High Secure Psychiatric Care.

Method

The hospital wide secure email system was used to identify wards which had patients with ASD. A questionnaire was developed which explored the clinical practice, willingness and knowledge of the Gold standards of care. It was circulated on the 9 identified wards to the staff on 3 different shifts. 100 completed forms were received which were stored in a secure area.

Results

The results revealed that most of the staff was aware about ASD but majority had not heard about standard approach of care. Majority of the staff were willing to train and work in a dedicated ASD team.

Conclusions

Effort should be made to increase awareness and train the staff to care for offenders with ASD. Work should be done towards accreditation with the National Autistic Society to set up specialist care for ASD patients in High Secure Unit.
1845 – Effectiveness Of Computer-assisted Cognitive Remediation (cacr) And Psycho Stimulant Drugs On Clinical Symptoms Of Children With Adhd
Authors: Sohrabi F. ,   Faramarz Sohrabi, Allameh Tabatabai University
Published: July 2013

Attention deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neuropsychological disorder in children. This research aimed to determine and compare the effectiveness of computer-assisted cognitive remediation (CACR) and Psycho stimulant drug in improving clinical symptoms of children with ADHD. The research design was pretest, post-test, and follow-up with two experimental groups. 23 ADHD children were selected by convenience sampling and inclusion- exclusion criteria. Two groups were matched according to the severity of their disorders and randomly assigned to drug therapy (n= 11) and CACR (n= 12) groups. The research tools were including Persian version of SNAP-IV scale, the short form of WISC-R and child syndrome inventory (CSI-4). The data were analyzed by RM-MANOVA, Mixed design ANOVA. The CACR had effective and enduring variation on clinical symptoms of ADHD. CACR in comparison to the Drug therapy had more and enduring effect to improve clinical symptoms; but that was non-significant. Altogether, the effectiveness of cognitive trainings in improving motivational/motor symptoms was more than cognitive symptoms. Therefore, CACR can be used as an alternative technique of the psycho stimulant drugs in treatment of ADHD.
1847 – Cognitive And Emotional Anomalies Implicated In Pathogenesis Of Delusional Idea In Delusional Disorder
Authors: Sánchez M.J. , Vicente I. , Laorden A.T. , Del Amo V. , García I. , De Portugal E.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Four theoretical models have been postulated in formation and maintenance of delusional idea in schizophrenia:

1.

Cognitive biases (attentional bias, jumping-to-conclusion, need-for-clousure, attributional bias),

2.

Social cognition alterations (theory-of-mind, emotion facial recognition),

3.

Perceptive alterations of anomalous experiences and

4.

Emotional anomalies (anxiety, depression, self-esteem, “self” discrepancies).

However, there is poor evidence about the implication of these anomalies in pathogenesis of delusional idea in delusional disorder (DD).

Objectives

To exam the joint influence of these anomalies in delusional activity in DD.

Methods

We studied the delusional activity measured by the “Maudsley Assessment of Delusion Schedule” in 68 patients with DD (n=68) diagnosed by SCID-I (DSM-IV-TR). Cognitive biases were evaluated by “Emotional Stroop”, “Experimental Beads Task”, “Need-for-Closure Scale”, “Internal, Personal and Situational Attributions Questionnaire”. Social cognition alterations were measured by Faux-pas Task and Eyes-Test; perceptive alterations by “Cardiff Anomalous Perceptions Scale”; and emotional anomalies by “Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale”, “Beck Depression Inventory”, “Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale” and “Personal Qualities Questionnaire”. The relationship between delusional activity and these cognitive anomalies were examined using lineal regression models controlled by socio-demographic characteristics, premorbid IQ (“NART”), negative symptomatology (“PANSS”) and neuropsychological function (attention, verbal learning, working memory and executive function).

Results

High scores in delusion activity were significantly associated with high scores in jumping-to-conclusion and depression and low scores in faux-pas and self-esteem, after being adjusted by number of studied years and negative symptomatology.

Conclusions

Cognitive biases (jumping-to-conclusions), social cognition deficit (faux-pas) and emotional alterations are the most implicated anomalies in formation and maintenance of delusional idea in DD.
1849 – Young And Suicide Prevention Programs Through Internet And Media: Supreme
Authors: D’aulerio M. , Carli V. , Iosue M. , Basilico F. , De Marco A.M. , Recchia L. , Balazs J. , Germanavicius A. , Hamilton R. , Masip C. , Mschin N. , Varnik A. , Wasserman C. , Hoven C. , Sarchiapone M. , Wasserman D.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

The researches show a rapid growth of mental disorders among adolescents and young adults that often cooccurs with risk behaviours, such as suicide, which is one of the leading cause of death among young ages 15-34. Therefore it's necessary to use some tools that can promote mental health getting to young lives such as Internet and media.

Objectives

SUPREME (Suicide Prevention by Internet and Media Based Mental Health Promotion) is aimed to increasing the prevention of risk behaviours and mental health promotion through the use of mass media and Internet.

Aims

The main expected outcome is to improve mental health among European adolescents.

Method

In each European countries a sample of 300 students (average age of 15 years) will be selected. The prevention program will be a highly interactive website that which will address topics such as raising awareness about mental health and suicide, combating stigma, and stimulate peer help. The program will use different means of referral to the intervention website: “Adolescent related” and “Professional related”. A questionnaire will be administered to the pupils for require the data on lifestyles, values and attitudes, psychological well-being, familiar relationship and friendship.

Conclusion

Some web-sites, managed by mental health professionals, produced encouraging results about their use in prevention of risk behaviours and in increase well-being, especially in youth with low self-esteem and low life-satisfaction. With the implementation of the SUPREME project we will be able to identify best practices for promoting mental health through the Internet and the media.
1856 – Depression In Mothers Of Children With Thalassemia
Authors: Binbay Z. , Lal B.T. , Solmaz M. , Albayrak Y. , Sagir S.
Published: July 2013

Background

Worldwide, thalassemia poses a serious public health problem due to the high prevalence. Mothers usually take active roles in the care of their ill children. Several studies have found that parents of children with chronic diseases or disabilities have higher depression scores than control parents. The main aim of the present study was to investigate if mothers of children with thalassemia higher scores of depression compared with a group of control mothers.

Methods and materials

In this study, 30 mothers were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Symptom check list-90-revised (SCL-90-R), COPE and SF-36, also 30 mothers were enroled as control group who have healty children.

Results

Mothers who have children with the diagnosis of thalasemia had higher scores of depression from the BDI and lower quality of life scores (p< 0.05).

Discussion and conclusion

It seems that depressive people experience specific events before depression. Several studies have indicated that presence of a patient or disabled child in the family can cause stress and depression in parents.The results of this study can contribute to the development of a screening program for decreasing depression burden and promoting quality of life for mothers of children with thalassemia. It is an ongoing study.
1862 – The Effects Of Eeg-neurofeedback On Adhd Symptoms And Eeg Parameters
Authors: Flisiak-Antonijczuk H. , Kalinowski R. , Adamowska S. , Nowak M. , Piątak P.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

EEG-neurofeedback is used as a component of therapy in patients diagnosed with ADHD. The efficacy of NF on inattentive symptoms has been previously suggested.

Objective

The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of 20 sessions training of eeg-neurofeedback (NF) in patients suffered from ADHD.

Methods

The studied group consisted of 44 patients (34 boys and 7 girls).To determine the efficacy of EEG-B on symptoms intensity, The Symptoms of ADHD Questionnaire was used: before the treatment and after 20 sessions of NF. NF trainings took place once or twice a week. The trainings were conduct based on two protocols: theta/beta and theta/SMR for left hemisphere and for right hemisphere, respectively. The changes in theta/beta and theta/SMR ratios were estimated to assess the influence of NF on eeg parameters.

Results

The significant reduction in symptoms intensity was found after 20 sessions of NF. Theta/beta and theta/SMR ratios median values have been significantly decreased.

Conclusions

The results of the study indicate the 20 sessions NF training being efficacious in reduction of the intensity of ADHD symptoms. The improvement of eeg parameters responsible for attention functions was also observed.
1864 – Sexual Orientation And Depression Among Young Adult People
Authors: Wiszniewicz A. , Wojtyna E.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Non-heterosexual orientations are widely stigmatized and frequently exposed to discrimination and victimization. Stigma has an impact on the formation of minority stress which base on the premise that non-heterosexuals in the society are subjected to chronic stress. This is a cause of the occurrence many psychological problems including depression among homosexual and bisexual individuals.

Aims

This study examined the relationship between sexual orientation and level of depression among young adult people.

Methods

The designed cross-sectional survey was used. The study comprised 316 participants who declare themselves as heterosexual (n=98), homosexual (n=160) and bisexual (n=58). The following questionnaire methods were used: the Beck Depression Inventory and self-report questionnaire including items about demographic characteristics.

Results

Data analyses has shown that 30.7% of surveyed non-heterosexual people have a higher risk of depression. It's nearly three times greater than for general Polish population. The research also has distinguished level of depression according to sexual orientation of respondents (bisexual: M=13.22, SD=10.69; homosexual: M=8.85, SD=8.29; heterosexual: M=4.13, SD=3.88). Results present that the highest risk of depression occurs among bisexual individuals (F=3.68, p< 0.01), especially women.

Conclusions

Some of the excess depression among non-heterosexuals could be lessened by intervention strictly associated with gender and sexual orientation.
1866 – Novel Candidate Genomic Loci For Mental Retardation
Authors: Kashevarova A. , Salyukova O. , Magini P. , Graziano C. , Romeo G. , Lebedev I.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Genetic disorders underlie a significant number of cases of mental retardation (MR). However, the traditionally used routine karyotyping is not able to detect small but often clinically relevant aberrations. High-resolution genome-wide microarray technologies may help to increase the detectability of MR etiology.

Objectives

To improve MR diagnostics.

Aims

To identify the novel CNV regions and susceptibility genes in MR patients.

Methods

Large chromosomal rearrangements, biochemical defects, and known monogenic syndromes accompanied by MR were ruled out for 71 patients. Further the genome-wide analysis using CGH Microarray Kits 4×44K and 8×60K (Agilent Technologies, USA) was performed.

Results

Eight novel CNVs in 9 patients not described in healthy individuals and not associated with any disease were indentified implicating regions at 11q22.3, 5q33.1, 3p26.3, 15q11.1-q11.2, 15q22.2, 1q25.1-q25.2, 7q21.3, 2q12.3. They include candidate genes DDX10 (putative RNA helicase), IL17B (cytokine, primarily localized to neuronal cell bodies), CNTN6 (may play a role in the formation of axon connections), TLN2 (plays a role in cell adhesion and recycling of synaptic vesicles), TNR (an extracellular matrix protein, expressed primarily in the central nervous system), ASTN1 (a neuronal adhesion molecule), PON1 (detoxifies organophosphate neurotoxicants), and SLC5A7 (choline transporter in the brain and periphery).

Conclusions

Previously unknown CNVs, containing genes responsible for proper central nervous system functioning, were detected in 13% of patients. The novel CNVs and genes identified by aCGH may help discovering new etiological mechanisms of MR. This study was supported by European Community's Seventh Framework Programme, CHERISH (project 223692) and by Federal Program (grant 8727).
1868 – Psychological Risk Factors In Families Of Autistic Children
Authors: Gouva M. , Dragioti E. , Kitta M. , Albani E. , Bakou E. , Paschou A. , Kotrotsiou E.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Large bodies of work have shown that parents of children with disabilities experienced a disproportionately greater level of stress relating to their children.

Objectives

To investigate the relationship of shame, psychopathology, hostility as well as anxiety in parents of children with autism.

Aim

To examine the impact of autism spectrum disorder on the family and compared to with families of diabetic children

Methods

A community sample of 105 parents of autistic children (36 men - 69 women, mean age 41 years, SD = 6,5 ranged 30-56) and 83 parents of children with diabetes (18 men - 65 women, mean age 41 years, SD = 7 ranged 24-54) participated to the present study. The families were recruited if their children had been diagnosed with autism or diabetes for at least 1 year and had no other comorbid chronic illnesses. No children age restrictions were applied. The two groups were completed a) the Other of Shame scale (OAS) b) the the Experience of Shame Scale (ESS) c) the Symptom Check-List Revised (SCL-90) d) the Hostility and Direction of Hostility Questionnaire (HDHQ) and e) questionnaire concerning socio-demographic information.

Results

Age did not differ significantly among the two groups (t=.016, p=.986). Logistic regression found that significant positive correlations were obtained for certain independent risk factors, namely internal shame (OR= 0.9, 95%CI .85-.92), anxiety (OR=1.35 95%CI 1.09-1.67) and paranoid hostility (OR=1.93, 95%CI 1.28-2.92), after adjusting for sociodemographicrelated variables.

Conclusion

Shame, anxiety and paranoid hostility were found significant for families with a child with autism.
1870 – Factors Of Prognosis Of Formation Of Mental Disorders Co-morbid With Somatic Pathology
Authors: Lebedeva V.
Published: July 2013

Relevance of the investigation has been conditioned by tendency toward increase of number of patients with mental disorders associated with somatic diseases and related with these questions organization of medico-psychological help and problems of its financing.

Material

Patients with mental disorders associated with somatic pathology addressing specialized psychohygienic help room of general somatic primary care institution. Age of patients was more than 18 years old.

Methods

Clinical-psychopathological, questionnaire screening, clinical-follow-up, mathematic-statistical.

Results

During considering of relationships between somatic diseases and mental disorders we have revealed preference of some somatic pathology in various groups of mental disorders. Specific weight of co-morbid mental pathology has been especially represented in patients with organic mental disorders (100,0%), psychological and behavioral disorders associated with diseases (100,0%) behavioral disorders, conditioned by alcoholism (93,6%). Then there were patients with neurotic, stress-related and somatoform (74,6%) and affective (72,7%) disorders. The least association of somatic pathology has been found in patients with schizophrenia (33?3%) and personality disorders (32,9%). Method of factorial analysis has identified factors as follows: somatovegetative, psychopathologic syndromes and somatic pathology) of formation of combined mental and somatic diseases.

Conclusion

Structure of somatic diseases reflects common structure of somatic pathology documented in patients of somatic network that is of importance during development of preventive and rehabilitative programs for patients of general somatic care. Clinical picture of current course is characterized by polymorphism, conditioned by combination of somatovegetative and mental disorders.
1874 – The Frequency And Demographic Characteristic Of Depression Without Psychotic Symptoms In The Period Of Two Years
Authors: Licanin I.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

According to the assessment performed by the World Health Organization (WHO), depression will be the second leading disorder in the World, but among the female population will be the first.

Aim

To analyze and describe the frequency of depression without psychotic symptoms among total number of the patients hospitalized during 2010-2011 at the Psychiatric clinic in Sarajevo; to show some demographic characteristic and duration of the treatment.

Patients and method

This is retrospective-prospective study covered randomly selected 713 hospitalized patients with depression without psychotic symptoms according to diagnostic criteria of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV).

Results

Majority of subjects was aged 50-59 (60%), lower educational level 64 (81%), female 51 (63%). We show in this study number and types of depression without psychotic symptoms, duration of the treatment as well.

Conclusion

Depression is more frequent among female then among male. Research also show increasing number of subjects younger then 20 yrs due of alcohol and drug abuse.
1881 – Hallucinations And Delusions In a Hospitalized Patient In a Stroke Unit: Seizures Or delirium?
Authors: Frade P. , Sousa D. , Geraldes R. , Bentes C. , Pinho e Melo T. , Maltez J.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Sometimes psychotic symptoms may occur as a consequence of epileptic discharges. Complex visual hallucinations have been described in patients with occipito-temporal and anteromedial temporal epileptic activity. The potential atypical character of seizures’ manifestations in elderly patients,a reduced tendency to secondary generalization, associated with the high frequency of confusional syndromes, makes the interpretation of perception and thought disturbances a challenge.

Case study

Patient 76 years, male gender, with hypertension, light alcohol consumption and without prior history of cognitive impairment. Medicated with benzodiazepines for insomnia (suspended during hospitalization). History of one episode of generalized seizure in his youth. Admitted to the stroke unit with a left occipital hematoma diagnosed after a sudden onset headache. The neurological examination was unremarkable. On the 2nd day of hospitalization initiated episodes of nocturnal restlessness, disorientation and persecutory delusions accompanied by visual and auditory hallucinations which were scenic and stereotyped. This clinical picture was initially interpreted as an acute confusional syndrome and haloperidol was administered. These episodes lasted about 20 minutes and did not respond to therapy. There was interepisodic full recovery and no other clinical or analytical abnormalities. Considering the nature of these episodes an EEG was performed, which revealed right anterior temporal intercritical epileptic activity. Therapy with neuroleptic was discontinued with resolution of symptoms.

Conclusion

We intend to point out that in cases of stereotyped hallucinations epileptic etiology should be considered as a differential diagnosis for the clinical pictures with psychotic symptoms, which are often interpreted as acute psychosis or delirium, especially in elderly hospitalized patients.
1883 – Anxiety Personality Traits And Cannabinoid Polymorphisms Genes
Authors: Binelli C. , Batalla A. , Royo I. , Fernández-Aranda F. , Gratacos M. , Subirà S. , Crippa J.A. , Zuardi A.W. , Martín-Santos R.
Published: July 2013

Background

There is increasing data supporting the role of endocannabinoid system (eCB) in the control of emotional homeostasis, mainly acting through CB1R activation (Menchoulam&Parker, 2012). eCB seems important to maintain baseline anxiety levels and to recovery/adapt to stressful and aversive situations (Moreira&Luz, 2008). A misbalance in eCB system might contribute to the etiology of anxiety related disorders (Crippa et al., 2009; Marco et al., 2012). The cannabinoid receptor 1 (CNR1) gene has been associated to “high neuroticism” and “low agreeableness” phenotype (Juhasz et al., 2009).

Aims

Study the association between personality traits and genetic polymorphisms located in genes related to eCB (CNR1, CNR2, FAAH and MGKLL) in patients with anxiety disorders.

Methods

In a case-control study, we analyzed 48 polymophisms tagSNPs in sample of 507 Caucasians subjects of both genders. All were assessed using the Semi-Structural Interview of DSM-IV criteria and the Temperament and Character Inventory of Cloninger. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine whether the different personality traits were associated with each variant in CNr1, CNr2, FAAH, and MGKLL, using age and gender as confounder variables.

Results

A significant association was found between “high Harm-avoidance” trait and rs1049353 in the CNR1 gene (p< 0.005) and rs1157694 in the FAAH gene (p< 0.001). “Low novelty-seeking” trait was associated with rs324490 in the FAAH gene (p< 0.005).

Conclusions

These findings suggest that genetic variations in the CNR1 and FAAH genes may modulate the expression of some clinical aspects of anxiety traits and probably anxiety disorders. Grants: ICIII G03/184; SGR2009/1435.
1892 – Therapeutic Adherence In Depot Medicated Patients
Authors: Roberto A. , Souta J. , Coelho S. , Sales P. , Costa I.R. , Pereira D.
Published: July 2013

Introduction and objectives

Poor adherence remains a problem in schizophrenic patients. Treatment guidelines for schizophrenia recommend depot medications for patients who are no adherent to oral regimens. This study aims to evaluate subjective experiences, adverse effects and adherence of depot medicated patients.

Methods

Was applied a questionnaire composed by the “Drug Attitude Inventory” (subjectively assesses the attitude and experiences of patients towards their depot medication) and by questions about adverse effects with medications. We took into account four different depot formulations: risperidone, haloperidol, fluphenazine and zuclopenthixol.

Results

Participated 44 schizophrenic patients. The majority is male (77%). Clinically, the mean age of diagnosis is 28 years. About 50% of patients do the long acting risperidone, 31,8% the haloperidol decanoate and 9,1% the fluphenazine or zuclopenthixol. About 52,3% say they do not know the reason they take depot medication and 16% report previous therapeutic abandonment. There are not differences between mean results in “Drug attitude inventory” and all depot medications average in the positive range. Most frequent adverse affects are weight gain (29,5%) and sedation (15,9%). In rating discomfort of adverse affects 54,5% patients score zero (no discomfort) and 2,3% score ten (very uncomfortable) without significant differences between formulations.

Discussion/conclusion

Despite reporting adverse effects, patients attribute a low score in terms of discomfort. Although some of them report ignore the reason they are taking depot, patients have positive subjective experiences and attitudes with these medications. This fact may be predictive of good compliance.
1895 – Cerebral Opioid Activity In Patients With Restricting-type Anorexia Nervosa Before And After Weight Recovery: a [11c]diprenorphine Pet Study
Authors: Soranzo J. , Costes N. , Germain-Zito N. , Le Bars D. , Billard S. , Lang F. , Estour B. , Galusca B.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Opioid peripheral abnormalities were described in anorexia nervosa (AN). Until now no data have been published on cerebral activity of opioid system in these subjects. Diprenorphine is a ligand with non-specific binding to opiates receptors μ, κ and δ.

Aim

To evaluate in vivo brain opioid receptors binding potential (BP) in patients with lean and recovered from restrictive-type AN by comparison with controls and the relationship with eating-related psychochological and hormonal traits.

Methods

In 17 lean restrictive-type AN patients, 15 recovered AN subjects and 15 age-matched controls we assessed in vivo [11C]Diprenorphine binding by brain positron emission tomography and eating-related psychopathological traits. Inter-groups differences in [11C]Diprenorphine binding were evaluated by voxel-based analyses.

Results

Lean restrictive AN and recovered AN patients presented with similar decreased [11C]Diprenorphine binding in bilateral medial frontal cortex and temporo-parietal cortex. We noted a lower BP in hypothalamo-pituitary structures and also in anterior cingulate gyrus in lean AN patients. Additionally, only recovered AN patients presented with a decreased [11C]Diprenorphine binding in caudate nuclei and putamen. Direct correlations were found between the anterior cingulate gyrus BP and mean cortisol and between the left amygdala [11C]Diprenorphine binding and eating concern score.

Conclusion

The opioid system is widely affected in AN even after recovery in regions known to be involved in the neurocircuitry of addiction and support the hypothesis of an organic dysfunction in AN.
1897 – Overlapping Orbitofrontal Volume Loss Involved In Stimulant Dependence And Weight Gain
Authors: Smith D.G. , Jones P.S. , Bullmore E.T. , Robbins T.W. , Ersche K.D.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Stimulant dependence is commonly associated with decreases in cortical volume in inhibitory control regions, such as the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Obese individuals similarly show abnormalities in frontal gray matter, with volume reductions correlating with BMI. These structural deficits may contribute to underlying problems with impulsivity or self-control present in both groups.

Objectives

Shared structural abnormalities relating to over-consumption of food or drugs of abuse could shed light on similar neurocognitive impairments associated with these behaviors (loss of control, poor decision-making), and could provide evidence for the classification of over-eating as an addictive disorder.

Aims

To identify overlapping regions of gray matter volume loss associated with both stimulant dependence and increased BMI, specifically in the OFC.

Methods

Structural MRI scans of stimulant dependent and healthy control individuals were compared using voxel based morphometry analysis. OFC volume was correlated with BMI in all participants, as well as years of drug use in stimulant dependent individuals.

Results

Both stimulant use and BMI negatively correlated with bilateral OFC gray matter volume. Additionally, select OFC regions showed decreases relating to both variables, indicating an overlap between volume loss associated with years of use and BMI in both stimulant dependent and control individuals.

Conclusions

Overlapping decreases in OFC gray matter volume that correspond to both overeating and drug use severity indicate underlying commonalities between these two behaviors. This suggests there may be shared cognitive deficits maintained in the OFC, such as poor inhibitory control or decision-making abilities, that preclude these types of behaviors.
1899 – Fear Of Pain And Chronic Low Back Pain: Differences Between Greek Men And Women Patients
Authors: Baliotis K. , Dragioti E. , Korakakis V. , Katri F. , Kotrotsiou E. , Gouva M.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Chronic pain can lead the subjective emotional pain response of an individual and has the potential to play a very decisive role in determination of pain intensity and pain duration.

Objective

This study examined the effect of fear of pain on chronic pain.

Aim

The present study aimed the relationship of fear of pain with chronic low back pain (CLBP) and the differences between genders of patients with CLBP.

Materials and methods

Two hundred and one patients with CLBP participated in the present study (53 men - 148 women, mean age±SD 37,4 ± 13,7). The measures used were: Fear of Pain Questionnaire - FPQ-III (McNeil & Rainwater, 1998) and another questionnaire with socio-demographics, attitudes and self-reported questions data on the impact of the chronic pain in their life.

Results

The mean scores (±SD) for men and women with CLBP and the p values from the T-tests were respectively: for total FPQ-III, 67,92 ± 17,46 and 78,48 ± 18,88, (P=0,000), for minor pain 16,06 ± 5,02 and 19,56 ± 6,19, (P=0,000), for severe pain 30,74 ± 8,42 and 34,82± 7,57, (P=0,001), and for medical pain 21,13 ± 7,66 and 23,91 ± 8,54, (P=0,038),

Conclusion

The results of the present study revealed the high levels of fear of pain in patients with CLBP. Furthermore, the gender was established as another potential variable that is related to isolated differences in emotional responses to pain.
1902 – Feasibility Of Centralized Ratings For Mental Health Safety Screening In a Non-psychiatric Clinical Trial
Authors: Williams J.B.W. , Davis D. , Popp D. , Gross J.A. , Salvucci D. , Detke M.J.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Centralized ratings by telephone have proven feasible for assessment of psychiatric diagnosis, symptom severity, and suicidality, and may be used for safety assessments in non-psychiatric trials with sites that do not employ staff experienced in psychiatric assessment.

Objective

To assess whether centralizing assessments with mental health experts enables immediate clinical follow-up and actionable diagnostic support for investigators.

Aims

To examine the feasibility of centralized ratings in a Phase III dermatology clinical trial for safety assessments.

Methods

1127 subjects enrolled in a trial of medication for their dermatologic condition were assessed via telephone by central raters who administered the SCID-CT, C-SSRS and PHQ-8 at screening. At monthly visits, central raters performed the C-SSRS, PHQ-8, GAD-7 and items designed to detect emergent psychotic symptoms.

Results:

Screening

34 subjects were excluded on the basis of SCID-CT diagnosis. Based on diagnosis or severity, subjects were classified as being in no need of mental health services, having mild psychiatric symptoms (referred to local mental health service provider; n=33), moderate (immediate referral for psychiatric evaluation; n=17), or severe (immediate escort to emergency room; n=0).

One subject reported suicidal ideation on the C-SSRS, 10 reported self-injurious behavior, and 5 reported suicidal behavior in the last year.

Follow-Up

No subjects reported suicidal ideation or behavior at any of the 6861 follow-up assessments. One subject reported self-injurious behavior and two reported emergent psychotic symptoms.

Conclusions

This study established the feasibility and acceptability of routine screening and monitoring of psychopathology and suicidality by central raters in a non-psychiatric population.
1913 – Longitudinal Change In Verbal Learning And Memory In Schizophrenia And Controls: a Nine-year Study In The Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966
Authors: Rannikko I.A. , Haapea M. , Miettunen J. , Veijola J. , Murray G. , Barnett J. , Husa A. , Jones P. , Isohanni M. , Jääskeläinen E.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Patients with schizophrenia generally perform worse than control subjects on all cognitive domains, and particularly in memory functions. It is still unclear, how cognition changes during years of illness in schizophrenia.

Aims

Our aim was to analyze the change in verbal learning and memory functions in subjects with schizophrenia and healthy controls during a 9-year follow-up.

Methods

The sample was the general population based Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort. In 1999-2001 and in 2008-2010 field studies were performed, including repeated measures of clinical status and the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT). CVLT was used for the estimation of the course of a possible change of verbal learning and memory during the follow-up. The sample included 41 individuals with schizophrenic psychoses and 74 non-psychotic controls.

Results

Both cases and controls had statistically significant decline in measures of CVLT. However, the change in verbal learning and memory in the 9 -year follow-up was not statistically significantly different between cases and controls. Among cases, age of illness onset and sex had no statistically significant effect on change of verbal learning and memory.

Conclusions

According to our unselected, population based sample with long follow up, the impairments during the life span in verbal learning and memory in schizophrenia was not different compared to controls. These results imply that schizophrenia is not a progressing degenerative illness.
1914 – Donepezil-induced Epileptic Seizures - a Case Report
Authors: Esteves-Pereira M. , Rodrigues D. , Bouça J. , Ribeiro-Silva R.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Donepezil, a centrally acting acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AChEI), is approved for symptomatic relief of cognitive impairment in patients with Alzheimer's disease and Vascular Dementia (VD). Several adverse effects were reported and the most common are gastrointestinal disturbances. Others include bradycardia, agitation and confusion. Although epileptic seizures are listed as a side effect, there are few reports.

Objectives

To present a case-report of donepezil-induced epileptic seizures and a review study regarding the theme available in Medline.

Aim

Brief literature review.

Method

A case report is presented and literature of this theme shortly reviewed.

Results

The case involves a 62-year-old female diagnosed with VD 6 months previously. Her medical history included a cerebrovascular accident 24 months earlier. She started the treatment with donepezil 5 mg and 48 hours later she was admitted in the Emergency with convulsions. She was unconscious for 20 minutes with urinary incontinence and bitten tongue. Normal blood analyses. A contrast brain CT showed a mild degree of cortical atrophy without new structural lesions. EEG showed mild and diffuse neuronal dysfunction with no grafoelements indicative of epilepsy. Donepezil was discontinued, no therapy was instituted and the patient has been convulsion free.

Conclusions

The mechanism of convulsive action of AChEIs isn’t clear. There are reports about centrally acting AChEIs inducing convulsions in patients with Dementia without any underlying neurological condition. Further research is needed to delineate the frequency of this effect and to extend our knowledge of the underlying pathophysiological mechanism in order to determinate the safety profile of AChEIs.
1915 – Social Risk Factors In The Evolution Of Schizophrenia - Try To a New Assessment
Authors: Pirlog M.C. , Marinescu D.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Social, family and environment factors significantly influence the evolution of schizophrenia, earning a place in compliance and adherence to treatment. Tools considered valid in assessment of correlation between risk of schizophrenia and social stressors can demonstrate their limits.

Material and methods

Retrospective-prospective clinical trial on 81 patients diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia, admitted in Craiova Mental Health Center (July 1st 2007 - June 30th 2012). We assess social stress using Social Stress Indicators (SSI) (Lloyd et al., 1995) and personal and social functioning using Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP) (Morosini et al., 2000).

Results

The study group included 48 women (59.26%) and 33 males (40.74%), average age 45.36±8.50 years, average age of onset of disease 25.78±7.38 years and a median of evolution 18.96±8.97 years. SSI scores reveals the presence and intensity of social stress, average scores 99.89±18.24 (101.67±16.88 males, 98.67±19.20 women) correlated with unfavorable evolution. Aggressiveness (69.14%) and suicidal behavior (7.40%) was precipitated by acute stressors, confirming the common root of Cloninger behavior and social stress theory of depression (Turner). The relationship between social and genetic factors supports the diathesis model of schizophrenia. PSP scores (37.22±8.75) decrease in the presence of aggressiveness and suicidal behavior.

Conclusions

Inversion affection for mother, feeling of stolen social independence, manipulating of material and social action through mechanisms of delirium were independent factors for social stress. In schizophrenia, the high level of stress is dependent on the degree of remission and relationship between patient, family and society.
1916 – Influence Of Temperament On Patients With Bipolar Disorder In Association With Comorbid Substance Abuse Disorders
Authors: Pompei F. , Ferrara C. , De Persis S. , Porrari R. , De Filippis S.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Affective temperament is a phenotype underpinned by a constitutional substrate.

It represents signs related to certain mood stability and attitudes to react to environmental stimuli.

Temperament has been related to predisposition to bipolar disorder.

Bipolar disorder is highly related to Substance Abuse Disorders but it is less clear which affective temperaments are more involved in this relation and if they can influence substance abuse patterns.

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate temperamental traits, according to the Akiskal and Mallya formulation, in patients with bipolar I disorder associated with comorbid substance abuse disorders.

Methods

Data from 120 patients with Bipolar Disorders and Comorbid substance abuse disorders, were assessed in inpatient unit.

The brief TEMPS- M self-questionnaire was used to assess the temperamental distribution. The temperamental scores on various outcomes were investigated using Sperman rank (Rho), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Cluster Ananlysis (CA).

Results

Chyclothymia was positively correlated to Opiate Addiction (ρ 0.18 p< 0.001).

Irritability was positive correlated with Alchol Abuse and Cannabis Abuse (ρ 0.26 and 0.27 p< 0.001).

The PCA and CA did not show statistically significant results although showed a trend to link irritability with alchool abuse.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that bipolar patients with comorbid substance abuse disorders exhibit a prevalent temperament of irritable and cyclothymic related to alcohol and cannabis abuse and opiate dependence respectively. Further studies are needed to explore this relationship.
1917 – Childhood Trauma And Developmental Processes
Authors: Graovac M. , Petrić D. , Kaštelan A. , Rebić J. , Biškup M. , Frančišković T.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Children can experience traumas in family, school and society, as well as participants in natural disasters, terrorism, war and civilian casualties. Their reactions depend on age, sex, individual ego strength, coping strategies, but also on the reactions of child's surrounding.

Objectives

Clinical entities associated with the traumatic experience in children are common in psychiatric practice. Frequent manifestations of these experiences are classical clinical picture of PTSD, as well as depression, anxiety, somatization, behavior disorder, dissociative reactions, etc.

Aims

The child's perception of the traumatic event, and subsequent developing psychiatric symptoms were the aims of this case report.

Methods

We present difficulties in growing a 9 years old girl, whose father, after being stricken at the front and had been treated for PTSD, attempted suicide.

Results

Faced with the traumatic situation, the patient used a self-protective mechanism suppressing negative emotions and memories to combat the negative effects of traumatic experience. Ways of coping were associated with the low degree of reliance with mother, brother and siblings. During adolescence she manifested symptoms intensified anxiety and depresion, guilt to encourage a sense of protection.

Conclusions

Secure attachment is the first line of defense against psychopathology launched traumatic experience. In terms of traumatic events in the child unless objective factors related to the traumatic event affects a child's perception of danger / threat, and perceptions of care required and provided by others. In that space shape the emotional experience of the child, which includes a sense of helplessness, irretrievable loss, anger and betrayal.
1923 – Attachment Qualitative Approach In Penally Ordered Cares Among Sexoffenders Population In Penally Ordered Cares Apparatus
Authors: Chollier M. , Paulet C. , Bonierbale M. , Lancon C. ,   CRIR-AVS Paca
Published: July 2013

Sex offender (SO) population is heterogeneous, despite some traits have been isolated.

Intuition about a link between insecure attachment pattern and antisocial behaviours, conduct problems or dyssocial personnality led to researchs among children and adolescents. On the whole, current studies aim at finding some pad between attachment theory and the construction of personnality and/or psychopathology.

Adult attachment modality have been studied - datas on general population have been collected and updated by more standardized studies. Yet little is known about attachment quality and its implication in relationships and their handling, this is what this exploratory study is about.

EXPLORATORY RESEARCH:

Objectives

assess relationnal dynamics and representations (explicit and implicit) among SO

Aims

Provide interactionnal datas

Methods

CaMir, MINI, AAI, structured interview

Results

The sample is too small, though 1/ interactionnal patterns and distorsions can be individually identified, 2/ Two significant variables in SO group : misperception of parental support and memory block.

Conclusions

We can infer from this preliminary results the clinical relevance of the test, and the theoretical perspective to identify some schemes (or internal working models) among this population.

ON-GOING RESEARCH (results to present):

-

comparison to control Group

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multicentre study

Objectives

Assess relationnal dynamics and representations (explicit and implicit) among SO according to the diagnosis and coping strategies

Aims

Provide interactionnal datas in assessment and treatment perspective, correlate the significant variables to coping strategy and other dimensions (social desirability…)

Methods

CaMir, MINI, AAI, structured interview, Rorschach (Exner).

Results

to come.
1927 – Depressed Mood Modulates The Perception Of Emotion Facial Expressions: The Role Of Personality Vulnerability Factors
Authors: Mardaga S. , Iakimova G.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Deficits in decoding emotion facial expressions have been reported in depressed patients and in subclinical depression. These deficits would be related to an attentional bias towards negative vs. positive expressions in the late stages of face processing. Such emotional bias would be a vulnerability factor for depression. Vulnerability to depressed mood has also been related to specific personality patterns (namely: high harm avoidance and low selfdirectedness) and it was advanced that personality-related differences in emotional stimulus processing might mediate this vulnerability.

Objectives

Therefore, the present study aims to precise the role of personality in emotion facial expression perception deficits in subclinical depression, by the mean of event-related potentials (ERPs).

Methods

ERPs were recorded in 21 subclinically depressed participants and 18 not-depressed ones, while they were presented neutral and emotional faces (happy, sad, fearful).

Results

The results show that in subclinically depressed participants only, happy faces elicited smaller P300 and LPP amplitudes than both negative and neutral faces, while earlier processing stages were not modulated by depressed mood. Covariance analysis indicated that these modulations are related to the decreased selfdirectedness reported in subclinically depressed participants, but not to increased harm avoidance.

Conclusions

These results suggest that harm avoidance would be independent from the specific bias of emotional face processing related to depressed mood, whereas selfdirectedness would be involved in this phenomenon. The results will be discussed regarding clinical implications.
1934 – Psychotropics And Nonprescription Products Interactions: Current Awareness And Professional Practice
Authors: Udo I.I. , Rajendhran U. , Bell A. , Phelps K. , Nzekwe A.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Choosing appropriate medication when faced with intolerance or treatment non-efficacy can be challenging. Evidenced reasons for non-efficacy include medicinal interactions. Interactions between non prescribed products and psychotropics may be overlooked with negative consequences for clinical effectiveness and/or patient safety.

Aim

This study was conducted to explore the awareness and current practice of doctors in Tees, Esk and Wear Valleys NHS Foundation Trust (TEWV) with regards to obtaining and documentation of information on service users’ use of nonprescription products.

Method

TEWV “Policy for Medicines Reconciliation on Admission of Adults to Hospital” states that lists of medicines prescribed by GP including those bought over the counter should be one of the minimum information available on admission. The availability of this information should ensure continuity of care and identification of adverse interactions. An electronic survey, using semi quantitative questionnaire, of doctors of all grades within the trust was used.

Results

69 responses were received. There was a high level (94.2%) of awareness of potential interactions and a corresponding high standard (94.2%) of practice in enquiring about use in medication history. Only 78.3% would document this and where indicated, only 50.7% would investigate further. There were 25 comments received under the themes of health concerns (4), choice and autonomy (5), responsibility (2), practice issues (10), survey design (1), training Issues (3).

Conclusion

There was a high level of awareness among respondents but deficiency in documentation and further exploration indicating missed opportunities for health promotion.