bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KOMUNIKASI INTERPERSONAL COLABORATION UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KESELAMATAN PASIEN
Authors: Sitanggang Rahmatia
Published: December 2019

Komunikasi mencakup berbagai strategi dan tujuan. Baik komunikasi formal dan informal antara penyedia serta antara penyedia dan pasien dengan keluarga mereka adalah kunci untuk perawatan pasien kolaboratif. Ada kebutuhan yang dirasakan untuk lebih jelas dalam menanggapi bagaimana setiap memberikan kontribusi profesional untuk tim dan untuk lebih efektif mendelegasikan pekerjaan dan anggota tim langsung. Lain disebutkan bahwa di daerah kerja mereka, ada kurangnya komunikasi akan menghambat dalam pendelegasian. Tuan komunikasi efektif dalam Interprofesi Collaboration Practice sebagai upaya meningkatkan kualitas pelayan. Oleh karena itu, komunikasi yang efektif dan kolaborasi perlu diberi penekanan yang kuat di semua program perawatan kesehatan profesional untuk menjamin kepuasan dan keamanan pasien. Metode yang diguna adalah metode kualitatif dimana maksudnya dengan cara mengumpulkan sebanyak-banyaknya data untuk dianalisis. Yaitu dengan Literature review ini dengan menganalisis yang berfokus pada kompetensi kemampuan berpikir dalam praktik keperawatan. Adapun tinjauan literatur yang digunakan seperti buku teks, bukureferensi, jurnal, dan google scholar. Dengan kata kunci Komunikasi Interpersonal, komunikasi Colaboration, Komunikasi Untuk Meningkatkan Kesehatan Pasien. Dan yang digunakan adalah 14 literatur yang diterbitkan 10 tahun terakhir.
PERAN PERAWAT DALAM BERKOLABORASI ANTAR TENAGA KESEHATAN DALAM PEMBERIAN KESELAMATAN BAGI PASIEN DI RUMAH SAKIT
Authors: jannati rayyan
Published: December 2019

latar belakang : dalam memberikan pelayanan kesehatan perawat pastinya tidak terlepas dengan tenaga kesehatan lainnya. Perawat memiliki peranan penting dalam berkolaborasi dengan tenaga kesehatan lain guna kelancaran pemberian pelayanan terhadap pasien di rumah sakit. Tujuan : memaparkan tentang pentingnya kolaborasi antar tenaga kesehatan dalam pemberian suatu pelayanan. Metode : analisis, eksplorasi dan kajian bebas. Hasil : masih kurang efektifnya komunikasi perawat antar tenaga kesehatan lain yang bekerja di rumah sakit. Pembahasan : Peningkatan keselamatan pasien dapat diberikan dengan melakukan komunikasi antar tenaga kesehatan. Kolaborasi ini dapat terwujud dengan dilaksanakannya komunukasi yang efektif. Kesimpulan : Komunikasi yang efektif antar tenaga kesehatan dapat memberikan efek yang baik bagi pasien. Komunikasi yang efektif dapat mempermudah perawat untuk bertukar pikiran dengan tenaga kesehatan lainnya. Saran : Seorang perawat harus menerapkan komunikasi yang efektif dalam berkolarasi dengan semua tenaga kesehatan lainnya, bukan hanyab terhadap dokter semata.
PENINGKATAN AKREDITAS RUMAH SAKIT DENGAN PENERAPAN KESELAMATAN PASIEN
Authors: Tambunan Defica Agatha
Published: December 2019

Implementasi Kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja dirumah sakit ini perlu karena berkaitan dengan kualitas pelayanan kesehatan di rumah sakit, akreditasi rumah sakit karena Kesehatan dan kesehatan kerja termasuk sebagai salah satu standar pelayanan yang dinilai di dalam akreditasi rumah sakit, disamping standar pelayanan lainnya. Potensi bahaya di RS disebabkan oleh faktor biologi, faktor kimia, faktor ergonomi, faktor fisik, faktor psikososial, serta bahaya mekanik, bahaya listrik, limbah RS yang dapat mengakibatkan penyakit, dan kecelakaan akibat kerja. Rumah Sakit merupakan salah satu tempat kerja, yang wajib melaksanakan Program Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja Rumah Sakit (K3RS) yang bermanfaat baik bagi SDM Rumah Sakit, pasien, pengunjung/pengantar pasien, maupun bagi masyarakat di lingkungan sekitar Rumah Sakit. Pengkajian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode perbandingan satu jurnal dengan jurnal yang lain. Manfaat dari pengkajian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan penerapan keselamatan pasien dengan peningkatan akreditas rumah sakit.
Pupil size as a window on neural substrates of cognition
Authors: Joshi Siddhartha , Gold Joshua I
Published: December 2019

Pupil modulations provide a non-invasive window onto how the brain performs many cognitive tasks. Here we review recent work that has begun to identify specific neural underpinnings of these cognitively driven pupil signals, including key roles for: 1) the superior colliculus (SC), which mediates responses to salient stimuli that evoke orienting responses; and 2) the locus coeruleus (LC), the source of a major neuromodulator (norepinephrine) that mediates arousal and cognition. We discuss how these findings can inform the interpretation of pupil measurements in terms of specific neural operations involving the SC and LC. We also highlight caveats, open questions, and key future experiments for improving the interpretation of pupil measurements in terms of the underlying neural dynamics throughout the brain.
Left Ventricular Pseudoaneurysms In A Young Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Koirala B
Published: December 2019

Left ventricular aneurysm occurs most commonly as a consequence of myocardial Infarction. Congenital Left Ventricular aneurysms occurs rarely as diverticuli of the apex, as a part of a syndrome of congenital defects or following myocardial infarction in children with anomalous origin of coronary arteries, Post-traumatic left ventricular ancurysms are also reported in literature. Chronic infections like tuberculosis with arteritis is also reported as one of the causative factor. Here we report a case of such left ventricular pseudoaneurysms in a young patient probably ischemic in origin. The patient underwent surgery with favorable outcome.
Tinjauan Yuridis Penjatuhan Hukuman terhadap Bidan yang Melakukan Tindakan Pidana Aborsi
Authors: Abidin Sanjaya , Gustin Fiony , Pasaribu Andre Hakim , Batubara Sonya Airini
Published: December 2019

Pregnancy is a very happy situation for every partner who has been legitimate. In connection with this we still often encounter couples who do not value pregnancy so take the decision to do inhumane actions, one of which is abortion. Abortion is a form of criminality that is still very difficult to be handled by the public or the government, this is because there are still gaps for the perpetrators to carry out these actions and the deterrent effect is still lacking for abortion. This study aims to determine the legal arrangements and accountability for abortionists. This study uses normative juridical research methods, to address abortion problems that occur without looking at it from one perspective, but comprehensively. The results showed that the legal arrangements for the crime of abortion have been regulated in the law adjustment for abortion has been regulated ib article 194 law number 36 year 2009, about a midwife who help those who committed abortion is included in criminal code article 349
Penelitian Proses Hard Chrome Plating Pada Propeller Turbocharger Berbahan Kuningan S26000
Authors: Surawan Tri , Kaban Yunus Falah , Syahbuddin Syahbuddin , Thalib Farid , Nursiyanto Widia
Published: December 2019

Propeller turbocharger berdiameter 36,47 mm dibuat dalam penelitian ini dengan teknik pengecoran investment. Material yang dipakai dalam pembentukkan propeller menggunakan kuningan dengan seri C26000. Pola propeller berbahan plastik PLA (polylactic acid) yang dicetak menggunakan 3D Printing. Molding dengan pola tersebut yang dibentuk merupakan campuran dari plaster gypsum dan pasir zirkon dengan komposisi 2:1, lalu campuran tersebut ditambahkan air dengan perbandingan 2:1 dan kemudian dituang ke dalam wadah molding berisi pola propeller. Pemanasan molding dilaksanakan dengan dua tahap. Tahap pertama bertujuan untuk melebur pola propeller plastik pada temperatur 500oC selama dua jam. Sementara itu, tahap kedua bertujuan untuk memperkeras molding pada temperatur 900oC selama dua jam. Material kuningan seri C26000 yang memiliki titik lebur 915oC, dilebur menggunakan dapur induksi dan dituang ke molding. Setelah itu, dilakukan pembersihan kemudian di-hard chrome. Pada penelitian ini, propeller kuningan yang belum di-hard chrome memiliki nilai kekerasan 85,33 ± 2,36 HRB dan yang sudah di-hard chrome bernilai 94,00 ± 2,44 HRB. Hasil struktur mikro propeller juga memperlihatkan nilai penyusutan yang ada pada proses pengecoran adalah 5,99%.
Formación La formación de maestros en la Escuela Normal Superior de Cartagena de Indias de 2002 a 2010
Authors: Rativa-Valendia Marlém
Published: December 2019

Las Escuelas Normales Superiores en Colombia forman maestros en el programa de formación complementaria para desempeñarse en los grados transición y básica primaria. La formación debe tener énfasis en un área del conocimiento, desarrollar las capacidades de investigación pedagógica y de orientación y de acompañamiento pedagógico de los educandos por parte de los futuros maestros, entre otras demandas. Desde esta perspectiva, es importante conocer el origen, desarrollo y proyección de las Escuelas Normales Superiores, en el marco del contexto histórico y su incidencia en la formación de sujetos y colectivos sociales donde se reconoce al egresado normalista como líder crítico y transformador de realidades.

El presente estudio se aborda desde la investigación histórica, acudiendo a los archivos de las Bibliotecas Luis Ángel Arango y Bartolomé Calvo, al Archivo General de la Nación, al de la Escuela Normal Superior de Cartagena de Indias y al Ministerio de Educación Nacional; para recolectar la información que acorde con Cardoso (1981) es necesaria para el desarrollo de la investigación, la cual se organiza, analiza e interpreta.   

Para dar cuenta de la formación de los futuros maestros se revisaron los planes de estudio de la escuela de 2002 a 2010 y una muestra de los proyectos de grado, que para ese entonces era requisito para obtener el título de maestro. Se determinaron como categorías de análisis la formación docente, la práctica pedagógica y la investigación.
Introduction
Authors: Hughes Geoffrey , Mehtta Megnaa , Bresciani Chiara , Strange Stuart
Published: December 2019

Ugly emotions like envy and greed tend to emerge ethnographically through accusations (as opposed to self-attribution), de-centring the individual psyche and drawing attention to how emotions are deployed in broader projects of moral policing. Tracking the moral, social dimension of emotions through accusations helps to account concretely for the political, economic and ideological factors that shape people’s ethical worldviews – their defences, judgements and anxieties. Developing an anthropological understanding of these politics of accusation leads us to connect classical anthropological themes of witchcraft, scapegoating, and inter- and intra-communal conflict with ethnographic interventions into contemporary debates around speculative bubbles, inequality, migration, climate change and gender. We argue that a focus on the politics of accusation that surrounds envy and greed has the potential to allow for a more analytically subtle and grounded understanding of both ethics and emotions.
Rancang Bangun Mesin Pengaduk Dan Pemasak Sari Buah Markisa
Authors: Anwar Anwar , Musa La Ode , Syarifuddin Syarifuddin
Published: December 2019

Proses pengolahan sirup markisa di Industri Rumah Tangga masih menggunakan peralatan yang sangat sederhana, sehingga kualitas dan kuantitas produk yang dihasilkan tidak maksimal. Pemisahan biji dengan sari buah dilakukan dengan blender yang hasilnya masih tercampur antara biji dan sarinya dan bijinya ada yang hancur sehingga harus disaring lagi setelah dibelender. Sedangkan untuk pemasakan dan pengadukan sari buah masih dilakukan secara tradisional, sehingga temperature pemasakan tidak bisa dikontrol dan hasil pengadukan tidak tercampur secara merata. Desa Tonasa Kecamatan Tombolopao Kabupaten Gowa merupakan wilayah yang potensial bagi budidaya Markisa karena lingkungan yang relatif cocok. Keunggulan wilayah tersebut menjadi salah satu pertimbangan dipilihnya wilayah tersebut sebagai objek/sasaran penelitian pembuatan Sirup Markisa. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah merancang dan membuat mesin pengolahan buah markisa menjadi sirup,sehingga kapasitas dan kualitas produksi pembuatan sirup markisa meningkat. Tahap pelaksanaan penelitian dimulai dengan merancang alat, membuat alat dan pengujian alat. Mesin pengaduk dan pemasak sari buah markisa yang dihasilkan berdimensi panjang 600 mm x lebar 450 mm x tinggi 1250 mm, daya motor 686 Watt atau 1 HP dan diameter poros pemotong 2,5 cm, serta kapasitas produksi 40 liter/20 menit.
Limbah Beton Sebagai Material Agregat Halus Terhadap Kuat Tekan Karakteristik
Authors: Budiman Budiman
Published: December 2019

Concrete waste from building construction can cause problems for the environment [1]. The use of fine aggregates from concrete waste can be a solution. The purpose of this study is to determine the value of aggregate characteristics and the value of concrete compressive strength from the utilization of concrete waste as substitution fine aggregate use the DOE (department of environment) method and referring to standards SNI. This study used 50% and 60% waste mortal substitution on sand. The results showed that the characteristics of fine aggregate and coarse aggregate met the characteristic requirements for fineness modulus sand of 2.65 (Zone 2) while the aggregate was roughly 6.44 (Zone 3). The value of compressive strength with 50% and 60% concrete waste substitution each obtained the value of characteristic compressive strength of 57.24 kg / cmÂ² and 101.03 kg / cmÂ². The value of using mortar waste as fine aggregate substitution gives a positive value to the quality of concrete. This is evidenced increase in the value of 14.89% in concrete waste substitution 60%.
Pemanfaatan Tanaman Herbal Sebagai Antibiotik Alami Untuk Meningkatkan Indeks Performa (Ip) Ayam Broiler
Authors: Saleh Muhammad , Pasanda Octovianus SR
Published: December 2019

The research was aimed to determine the volume and time of giving the natural antibiotic which are optimal for the value of Index Performance (IP) of broiler chickens. The first treatment variable was: giving natural antibiotics with a dose for partition 1 0.05mL / 40 mL water / chicken / day, partition 2 0.1mL / 40 mL water / chicken / day, partition 3 0.15mL / 40 mL water / chicken / day, partition 4 (synthetic antibiotics as a comparison) and carried out for 35 days in a fixed time of 24 hours. Optimal results with the best Index Performance (IP) obtained from the first variable followed by the second treatment variable, the time of giving natural antibiotics for partition 1 given once a day, partition 2 every two days, and partition 3 three days with a constant giving doseÂ  0.15 mL / 40 mL water / chicken / day for 35 days. The parameters observed were: (1) average body weight, (2) weight gain, (3) feed consumption, (4) feed conversion, and (5) number of live chickens. From these data the IP of broiler chickens was calculated and from the two variables obtained the optimal dose and time of giving natural antibiotics. Based on research results from the product, the best of giving natural antibiotic volume is 0.15 mL / chicken or equal to 4.2 mL / 28 chickens which it is able to increase the value of broiler chicken IP until harvest time. From the optimal results obtained in the trial volume variation of giving natural antibiotic, the experiment can be continued with the aim of determining the optimal time of giving herbal antibiotics namely the best results are obtained once a day for 28 chickens because it shows that the giving natural antibiotic is able to increase the IP value of broiler chickens until harvest.
Mushrooms as a functional food mediator in Preventing and ameliorating diabetes
Authors: Perera Pathirage Kamal , Li Yunman
Published: December 2019

Diabetes is a major health problem predisposing to markedly increased complications. Despite the numerous preventative strategies and armories of medication, the management of diabetes remains grossly unsatisfactory. Diabetes is emerging as a pandemic. Therefore it is important to identify novel nutraceuticals or drugs for curing or preventing diabetes, which have fewer side effects. The present paper reviewed scientific information on mushrooms with regards to its anti-diabetic active compounds and/or pharmacological test results, which are commonly used as functional foods and ingredients used in the traditional medical system and which have demonstrated experimental or/and clinical anti-diabetic effectiveness. These functional foods might have a big potential for the prevention or cure of diabetes more than in other plant species. However, still scientific or clinical studies are not sufficient for hypoglycemic effect for mushrooms use as ‘official’ drug. Therefore, it is proposed that a close attention be paid to carry out further research of functional mushrooms for preventive and curative measures for diabetes and its complications.Keywords: Diabetes, Mushrooms, Functional foods, Hypoglycemic, and Nutraceuticals
Lipid Replacement Therapy Drink Containing a Glycophospholipid Formulation Rapidly and Significantly Reduces Fatigue While Improving Energy and Mental Clarity
Authors: Ellithorpe Rita R. , Settineri Robert , Mitchell Cyndee A. , Jacques Brett , Ellithorpe Erin , Nicolson Garth L.
Published: December 2019

Background: Fatigue is the most common complaint of patients seeking general medical care and is often treated with stimulants. It is also important in various physical activities of relatively healthy men and women, such as sports performance. Recent clinical trials using patients with chronic fatigue have shown the benefit of Lipid Replacement Therapy in restoring mitochondrial electron transport function and reducing moderate to severe chronic fatigue. Methods: Lipid Replacement Therapy was administered for the first time as an all-natural functional food drink (60 ml) containing polyunsaturated glycophospholipids but devoid of stimulants or herbs to reduce fatigue. This preliminary study used the Piper Fatigue Survey instrument as well as a supplemental questionnaire to assess the effects of the glycophospholipid drink on fatigue and the acceptability of the test drink in adult men and women. A volunteer group of 29 subjects of mean age 56.2±4.5 years with various fatigue levels were randomly recruited in a clinical health fair setting to participate in an afternoon open label trial on the effects of the test drink. Results: Using the Piper Fatigue instrument overall fatigue among participants was reduced within the 3-hour seminar by a mean of 39.6% (p<0.0001). All of the subcategories of fatigue showed significant reductions. Some subjects responded within 15 minutes, and the majority responded within one hour with increased energy and activity and perceived improvements in cognitive function, mental clarity and focus. The test drink was determined to be quite acceptable in terms of taste and appearance. There were no adverse events from the energy drink during the study.Conclusions: The Lipid Replacement Therapy functional food drink appeared to be a safe, acceptable and potentially useful new method to reduce fatigue, sustain energy and improve perceptions of mental function.Keywords: functional food drink, NT Factor®, NT Factor Lipids®, fatigue, mitochondrial function, mental function
Bioactive compounds in potatoes: Accumulation under drought stress conditions
Authors: B. Wegener Christina , Jansen Gisela , Jürgens Hans-Ulrich
Published: December 2019

Background: Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is a valuable source of bioactive compounds. Besides starch, crude fibre, amino acids (AAS), vitamins and minerals, the tubers contain diverse phenolic compounds. These phenolics and AAS confer anti-oxidant protection against reactive oxygen species, tissue damage, and diseases like atherosclerosis, renal failure, diabetes mellitus, and cancer. Climate change and drought stress may become a major risk for crop production worldwide, resulting in reduced access for those who depend on the nutritional value of this staple crop.Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the effect of drought stress on water, lipid soluble antioxidants, anthocyanins (Ac), soluble phenols, proteins, free AAS, peroxidase (POD) and lipid acyl hydrolase activity (LAH) in tuber tissue.Methods: The study was carried out on three potato genotypes comprising one yellow-fleshed cultivar and two purple breeding clones. The plants were grown in pots (from April to September) in a glasshouse with sufficient water supply and under drought stress conditions. After harvest, the tubers of both variants were analysed for antioxidants measured as ascorbic acid (ACE) and Trolox equivalent (TXE) using a photo-chemiluminescent method. Amounts of anthocyanins (Ac), soluble phenols, proteins, as well as POD and LAH activities were analysed using a UV photometer. Finally, free AAS were measured by HPLC.Results: The results revealed that drought stress significantly reduces tuber yield, but has no significant effect on antioxidants, Ac, soluble phenols and POD. Drought stress significantly increased the levels of soluble protein (P < 0.0001) and LAH (P < 0.001). Also, total amounts of Functional Foods in Health and Disease 2015; 5(3): 108-116 Page 109 of 116 free AAS were higher in the drought stressed tubers (+34.2%, on average) than in the tubers grown with a sufficient water supply. Above all, proline was elevated due to drought stress.Key words: anthocyanins, antioxidants, free amino acids, phenols, proteins, tuber quality
Structural basis for bitter taste receptor activation and its potential role in targeting diabetes
Authors: Abrol Ravinder , Tan Jun , Hui Hongxiang , Goddard III William A. , Pandol Stephen J.
Published: December 2019

Background: Taste receptors are G protein-coupled receptors that, besides being present in the taste buds, have also been shown to be present in the gastrointestinal (GI) system, respiratory system, and brain, though their function at these locations is not well understood.Objective: To understand the nutrient mediated release of gut peptides like GLP-1 from enteroendocrine L-cells of the GI system, we focused on a bitter taste receptor TAS2R38 (based on animal models) to investigate the structural basis of its potential role in the release of gut peptides. Methods: The atomic-level structure of bitter taste receptor TAS2R38 was predicted using GEnSeMBLE, a first-principle based GPCR structure prediction method. These structures were obtained for the dominant taster haplotype (PAV) as well as for the nontaster haplotype (AVI) of the receptor. The known ligands phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) and 6-n-propylthiouracil (PTU) were docked to these structures to provide a structural basis for the taster and nontaster haplotypes.Results: Docking of known ligands PTU and PTC to taster and nontaster haplotypes of the bitter taste receptor showed a backbone hydrogen bond to residue 262 in taster but not in nontaster haplotype, suggesting a potential mode of action of these molecules in the activation of the bitter taste receptor. Conclusion: These results, combined with the ability of PTC to release gut peptides from in vitro models of the enteroendocrine L-cells, suggest a potential structural basis for TAS2R38 activation that can lead to the release of those peptides. This release has a therapeutic benefit for type 2 diabetes and implies a role for bitter tasting (but safe) natural compounds targeting TAS2R38 as potential drug candidates for curing type 2 diabetes.Key words: TAS2R38, GLP-1 release, PYY release, CCK release, enteroendocrine L cell, GPCR, protein structure prediction, GEnSeMBLE
Blood homocysteine and fasting insulin levels are reduced and erythrocyte sedimentation rates increased with a glycophospholipid-vitamin formulation: a retrospective study in older subjects
Authors: Ellithorpe Rita R. , Settineri Robert , Ellithorpe Talon , Nicolson Garth L.
Published: December 2019

Background: Elevations in Homocyteine (Hcys) levels in the blood have been correlated with increased risk for coronary heart disease and stroke, loss of cognition and memory, and other chronic medical conditions.Objective: A retrospective study was initiated to determine if Hcys levels and other blood markers were altered in subjects taking an oral functional food supplement containing a mixture of phosphoglycolipids (NT Factor®) and vitamins.Methods: Thirty-five patients (28 females, 7 males, Av. Age=60.7±9.6 years) who had used the functional food Advanced Physician’s FormulaTM with NTFactor® in tablet form each day were enrolled in a retrospective study on blood chemistry. This retrospective study followed a prospective study on the use of the same supplement to reduce fatigue in patients with chronic fatigue. Participants were patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (myalgic encephalomyelitis) or other fatiguing illnesses. Subjects had blood drawn over a 6-month period, and routine blood testing was performed. In this laboratory study the results were analyzed for differences, and statistical analyses were performed.Results: All participants responded in the study and showed an average reduction of 31.8% in Hcys levels (from 10.85±0.42 to 7.40±0.42 µmol/L; t-test, p<0.001; Wilcoxon, p<0.001). Women responded better than men: women (from 11.06±0.50 to 8.67±0.82 µmol/L, 34.4% reduction, t-test, p< 0.001; Wilcoxon, p<0.001) versus men (from 10.80±0.51 to 7.01±0.47 µmol/L, 21.6% reduction, t-test, p< 0.0862). Differences were also found in fasting insulin levels (from 12.80±3.11 to 5.30±1.77 µIU/mL, 58.6% reduction, t-test, p<0.005) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). ESR increased from 10.5±2.21 to 20.19±3.20 mm/hr (92.2% increase, t-test, p<0.0314; Wilcoxon, p<0.0154). Other tests were not significantly different after 6 Functional Foods in Health and Disease 2015; 5(4): 126-135 Page 127 of 135 months of supplement, there were no side effects from the test supplement, and none of the participants had any cardiovascular events during the study.Conclusions: The test formulation was an effective method to reduce Hcys and fasting insulin blood levels and increase ESR rates in older subjects without adverse effects.Keywords: Lipid Replacement Therapy, NT Factor®, fatigue, homocysteine, blood insulin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, vitamin B complex
Effects of taurine intake on serum lipids in young women
Authors: Matsui Sadako , Maruyama Chizuko , Arai Hiroe , Hashimoto Sachie , Asakusa Tamami , Yoshida Hiroshi , Ishikawa Toshitsugu
Published: December 2019

Background: Taurine is an abundant amino acid in human cells, promoting ocular and biliary health, which is also used to treat congestive heart failure, hypertension, and hepatitis. Recently, taurine-enriched energy drinks have become popular with young adults, but the effects of taurine on serum lipids in young adults are unknown.Objective: We studied the influence of oral administration of taurine on serum lipid levels in healthy young women.Methods: Ten healthy young women with a mean body mass index of 20.0kg/m2, apolipoprotein E (apoE) phenotype 3/3 and normal menstrual cycles participated. Each subject was instructed to orally ingest 1g of taurine powder after each meal (3g/day) in addition to their usual diets during one menstrual cycle. Before and at the end of taurine intake, physical measurements and blood collection were performed in the morning after a 12-h fast, and 3-day weighted dietary records were obtained. Concentrations of serum lipids, apolipoproteins, and fatty acids in the serum phospholipid fraction were measured.Results: The subjects showed good compliance with taurine intake and none reported adverse effects during the experimental period. After taurine intake, concentrations of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), free cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B (apoB) increased (p<0.05), while phospholipids tended to increase (p=0.051). Fatty acids in the serum phospholipid fraction also significantly increased (p<0.05). However, triglyceride, remnant-like particle cholesterol, remnant-like particle triglyceride, apoE, the apolipoprotein A-1 (apoA- 1)/apoB ratio and the LDL-C/apoB ratio were unchanged. Furthermore, body weight was significantly increased (p<0.01), but did not correlate with changes either in serum lipids or nutrient intakes.Conclusion: These results suggest that high taurine intake affects lipoprotein metabolism and increases serum lipids in slightly lean young women.Key Words: Taurine, slightly lean young women, serum lipids, remnant lipoprotein, fatty acids of the serum phospholipid fraction.
A water-soluble high molecular weight substance isolated from Hyuganatsu orange (Citrus tamurana), suspected to be a polysaccharide, inhibits rat osteoclast cell formation
Authors: Hata Hiroko , Yamaguchi Masatoshi , Sameshima Hiroshi , Ikenoue Tsuyomu , Matsubara Junko , Tsuboi Makoto , Tanaka Takashi
Published: December 2019

Background: Osteoporosis is detrimental to aged women’s health care. We previously reported that Hyuganatsu orange (Citrus Tamurana) contains active substances that inhibit osteoclast activities. Prior to conducting a human study, we sought to identify the biological active substance in the Hyuganatsu orange which suppresses osteoclast formation.Methods: We isolated five fractions from a Hyuganatsu orange extract according to molecular weight. Each fraction was tested to determine its suppressive effect on the formation of osteoclasts in rats. We also used high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), infra-red (IR), and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy to evaluate its chemical structure. Data was recorded as mean ± standard error of the mean. The Mann-Whitney test was used, and a p-value of <.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: The highest and lowest molecular weight fractions showed significant suppression activity on rat osteoclast formation (p < .05). The lowest molecular weight fraction was identified as hesperidin using thin layer chromatography. Additionally, IR absorption revealed that the highest molecular weight fraction was not a flavonoid. With regard to chemical structure, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy suggested that the highest molecular weight fraction had signals compatible with a polysaccharide such as galacturonic acid.Conclusions: Hyuganatsu orange contains a biological active substance other than hesperidin that may be a polysaccharide and may suppress osteoclast formation.Key Words: Citrus Tamurana, TRAP positive cell, Polysaccharides, Rat osteoclast cell, in vitro study
ABOUT THE DEPTH OF DECISION TREES COMPUTING BOOLEAN FUNCTIONS
Authors: Moshkov Mikhail
Published: December 2019

Lower and upper bounds for the depth of decision trees computing Boolean functions are established and Shannon functions of the decision tree depth are determined for closed classes of Boolean functions.
FAIRNESS AND PRIORITY
Authors: Degano Pierpaolo , Raffoni Leonarda
Published: December 2019

The random-assignment method for ensuring fairness for non-deterministic and/or concurrent languages is revised in order to make it dependent on the different priorities that each process may have. Priorities affect the choice of the scheduler in that a processes with high priority is preferred to others with a lower priority, still ensuring that all and only fair computations are originated. The actual presentation of the method is based on the non-standard model of the natural numbers of [C70].
REACHABILITY IN SOME CLASSES OF ACYCLIC PETRI NETS
Authors: Stewart Iain A.
Published: December 2019

We motivate the study of certain classes of acyclic Petri nets and consider the reachability problem for these classes of Petri nets, providing various NP-completeness results. We also show how the reachability problem for the class of acyclic elementary net systems appears to be harder than it is for the (seemingly comparable) class of 1-bounded acyclic Petri nets.
A FORMALIZATION OF VIEWPOINTS
Authors: Attardi Guiseppe , Simi Maria
Published: December 2019

We present a formalisation for the notion of viewpoint, a construct meant for expressing several varieties of relativised truth. The formalisation consists in a logic which extends first order predicate calculus with its own metalanguage, an axiomatization of provability and proper reflection rules. The extension is not conservative, but consistency is granted. Viewpoints are defined as set of reified meta-level sentences. A proof theory for viewponts is developed which enables to carry out proofs of statements involving several viewpoints. A semantic account of viewpoints is provided, dealing with issues of self referential theories and paradoxes, and exploiting the notion of contextual entailment. Notions such as beliefs, knowledge, absolute truth or truth relative to a situation can be uniformly modeled as provability in specialised viewpoints, obtained by imposing suitable constraints on viewpoints.
AN APPROACH TO CONTEXT-BASED DEFAULT REASONING
Authors: Besnard Philippe , Schaub Torsten
Published: December 2019

In this paper, we elaborate the idea that contexts provide an important and meaningful notion in default reasoning. We demonstrate this by looking at Reiter's default logic that has been the prime candidate for formalizing consistency-based default reasoning ever since its introduction in 1980. This results in a new context-based approach to default logic, called contextual default logic. The approach extends the notion of a default rule and supplies each default extension with a context. In particular, contextual default logic provides a unified framework for default logics. That is, it allows for embedding existing variants of default logic along with more traditional approaches like the closed world assumption. Since this is accomplished in a homogeneous way, we gain additional expressiveness by combining the diverse approaches. A key advantage of contextual default logic is that it provides a syntactical instrument for comparing existing default logics in a unified setting. In particular, the approach reveals that existing default logics mainly differ in the way they deal with an explicit or implicit underlying context.
SIMILARITY IN GRAMMAR SYSTEMS
Authors: Mitrana Victor
Published: December 2019

We introduce two new grammatical interpretations which enlarge the grammatical collection of a given grammar. Briefly, the relations between these interpretations are presented, and also the effect on the generative capacity of a grammar system of the demand that all its components are similar to a given grammar. Especially, one obtains an important increase of the gene rative power if one requires that any component of the system is a b- or w-interpretation of a context free grammar.
LOWER BAG DOMAINS
Authors: Heckmann Reinhold
Published: December 2019

Two lower bag domain constructions are introduced: the initial construction which gives free lower monoids, and the final construction which is defined explicitly in terms of second order functions. The latter is analyzed closely. For sober dcpo's, the elements of the final lower bag domains can be described concretely as bags. For continuous domains, initial and final lower bag domains coincide. They are continuous again and can be described via a basis which is constructed from a basis of the argument domain. The lower bag domain construction preserves algebraicity and the properties I and M, but does not preserve bounded completeness, property L, or bifiniteness.
TOPOLOGY AND THE SEMANTICS OF LOGIC PROGRAMS
Authors: Seda Anthony Karel
Published: December 2019

We introduce topologies on spaces of interpretations which extend and generalise the query and positive query topologies of Batarekh and Subrahmanian. We study continuity in these topologies of the immediate consequence map associated with any normal logic program and provide necessary and sufficient conditions for continuity to hold. We relate these ideas to (i) computational power of programs; (ii) canonical programs; (iii) the declarative semantics of definite programs; (iv) Maher's down continuous programs; (v) the decency thesis of Jaffar, Lassez and Maher, and (vi) compactness of sets of fixed points and models.
A NEW INCOMPLETENESS RESULT IN KRIPKE SEMANTICS
Authors: Gasquet Olivier
Published: December 2019

We prove that a natural and simple predicate modal logic with the Barcan formula, namely QBF-KD plus the axiom of density, is not Kripke complete. Although incompleteness results are known in Kripke semantics, most of the methods used can only apply to logics stronger than QBF-S4 as they are based in a translation from intermediate logics. We give here an original proof of this incompleteness result.
EQUATIONAL CONSTRUCTOR INDUCTION
Authors: Bethke Inge , Rodenburg Piet
Published: December 2019

We propose an extension of purely equational reasoning with an induction rule, to obtain an intermediate between the equational theory of an algebraic specification and its ω-closure.
ON GRAMMAR AND LANGUAGE FAMILIES
Authors: Fernau Henning
Published: December 2019

In this paper, we emphasize the differences of grammar families and their properties versus language families and their properties. To this end, we investigate grammar families from an abstract standpoint, developping a new framework of reasoning. In particular when considering decidability questions, special care must be taken. We illustrate this by inspecting some theorems and their proofs in the field of regulated rewriting. As an exercise, we show that there is no ‘effective’ grammatical characterization of the family of recursive languages.
UNIFICATION MODULO ACI + 1 + 0
Authors: Narendran Paliath
Published: December 2019

We show that elementary ACI10 unification is in P, even with constant restrictions. As a corollary, we prove that validity of quantified Horn formulae can be tested in O(n2) time. Solvability of elementary disunification problems modulo ACI10 is shown to be NP-hard.
ON A QUANTITATIVE NOTION OF UNIFORMITY
Authors: Kaufmann Susanne , Kummer Martin
Published: December 2019

One topic arising in recent research on “Bounded Query Classes” is to consider quantitative aspects of recursion theory, and in particular various notions of parameterized recursive approximations of sets. An important question is, for which values of the parameters – depending on the type of approximation – the approximated set is necessarily recursive. Beigel's Nonspeedup Theorem, Rummer's Cardinality Theorem and Trakhtenbrot's Theorem provide answers using nonuniform constructions. This paper investigates to which extend these constructions can be made uniform. Beigel's Nonspeedup Theorem is equivalent to the statement that every branch of a recursively enumerable tree of bounded width is recursive. There is no algorithm which computes a branch from the index of the tree, but there are nontrivial positive results by weakening the requirements as follows: For some fixed number k, an algorithm is wanted which, given an index of a tree, outputs a list of k programs such that at least one of them computes a branch of the tree up to finitely many errors. What is the least k for which this works? In this paper it is shown that, for recursively enumerable trees of width at most n, the least possible k is 2n−1. For trees arising from Trakhtenbrot's Theorem with parameters m, n, the optimal value is k = n − m + 1. In addition, several other, related classes of trees are investigated.
A NOTE ON THE GRAMMATICAL INFERENCE PROBLEM FOR EVEN LINEAR LANGUAGES
Authors: Mäkinen Erkki
Published: December 2019

This note introduces subclasses of even linear languages for which there exist inference algorithms using positive samples only.
DEPENDENCE IN ALGEBRAS
Authors: Gécseg F. , Jürgensen H.
Published: December 2019

The notions of independence and dimension as introduced by Cohn for universal algebras are quite significantly different from the standard ones. This paper compares some of these notions. In particular, necessary and sufficient conditions for spanning and generating to coincide are derived. Moreover, the paper exhibits a new class of algebras which have bases and well-defined dimensions. This class extends that of v*-algebras and is incomparable with the class of v**-algebras.
TWO LOWER BOUNDS ON DISTRIBUTIVE GENERATION OF LANGUAGES
Authors: Hromkovič Juraj , Kari Jarkko , Kari Lila , Pardubská Dana
Published: December 2019

The lower bounds on communication complexity measures of language generation by Parallel Communicating Grammar Systems (PCGS) are investigated. The first result shows that there exists a language that can be generated by some dag-PCGS (PCGS with communication structures realizable by directed acyclic graphs) consisting of 3 grammars, but by no PCGS with tree communication structure. The second result shows that dag-PCGS have their communication complexity of language generation either constant or linear.
TWO-DIMENSIONAL FINITE STATE RECOGNIZABILITY
Authors: Giammarresi Dora , Restivo Antonio
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this paper is to investigate about a new notion of finite state recognizability for two-dimensional (picture) languages. This notion takes as starting point the characterization of one-dimensional recognizable languages in terms of local languages and projections. Such notion can be extended in a natural way to the two-dimensional case. We first introduce a notion of local picture language and then we define,a recognizable picture language as a projection of a local picture language. The family of recognizable picture languages is denoted by REC. We study some combinatorial and language-theoretic properties of family REC. In particular we prove some closure properties with respect to different kinds of operations. From this, we derive that some natural families of two-dimensional languages (finite languages, regular languages, locally testable languages) are recognizable. Further we give some necessary conditions for recognizability which provides tools to show that certain languages are not recognizable. Although REC shares several properties of recognizable string languages, however, differently from the case of words, we prove here that REC is not closed under complementation and that the emptyness problem is undecidable for this family of languages. Finally, we report some characterizations of family REC by means of machine-based models and logic-based formalisms.
ON SYNCHRONIZATION LANGUAGES
Authors: Guo L. , Salomaa K. , Yu S.
Published: December 2019

New constructs for synchronization termed synchronization expressions (SEs) have been developed as high-level language constructs for parallel programming languages [8, 9]. Statements that are constrained by certain synchronization requirements are tagged, and synchronization requests are specified as expressions of statement tags. In this paper, we introduce a new family of languages named synchronization languages which we use to give a precise semantic description for SEs. Under this description, relations such as equivalence and inclusion between SEs can be easily understood and tested. In practice, it also provides us with a systematic way for the implementation as well as the simplification of SEs in parallel programming languages. We show that each synchronization language is closed under the following rewriting rules: (1) asbs → bsas, (2) atbt → btat, (3) asbt → btas, (4) atasbtbs → btbsatas and also h(atasbtbs) → h(btbsatas) for any morphism h that satisfies certain conditions which will be specified in the paper. We conjecture that closure under the above rewriting rules is a sufficient condition for a regular st-language to be a synchronization language. Several other properties of synchronization languages are also studied.
A COMPLETE AXIOMATIZATION FOR PREFIX ITERATION IN BRANCHING BISIMULATION
Authors: Fokkink Wan
Published: December 2019

This paper studies the interaction of prefix iteration with the silent step in the setting of branching bisimulation. We present a finite equational axiomatization for Basic Process Algebra with deadlock, empty process and the silent step, extended with prefix iteration, and prove that this axiomatization is complete with respect to rooted branching bisimulation equivalence.
PROCESSES WITH MULTIPLE ENTRIES AND EXITS MODULO ISOMORPHISM AND MODULO BISIMULATION
Authors: Bergstra J.A. , Ştefănescu Gh.
Published: December 2019

This paper proposes a framework for the integration of the algebra of communicating processes (ACP) and the algebra of flownomials (AF). Basically, this means to combine axiomatisations of parallel and looping operators. To this end a model of process graphs with multiple entries and exits is introduced. In this model the usual operations of both algebras are defined, e.g. alternative composition, sequential composition, feedback, parallel composition, left merge, communication merge, encapsulation, etc. The main results consist of correct and complete axiomatisations for process graphs modulo isomorphism and modulo bisimulation.
QUASI-METRICS AND THE SEMANTICS OF LOGIC PROGRAMS
Authors: Seda Anthony Karel
Published: December 2019

Quasi-metrics have been used in several places in the literature on domain theory and the formal semantics of programming languages. In this paper, we consider the role of quasi-metrics in the fixed point semantics of logic programs, examining in detail a quite general process by which fixed points of immediate consequence operators can be found. This work takes as its starting point: (i) Fitting's recent application of the Banach contraction mapping theorem in logic programming; (ii) a theorem of Rutten which generalizes both the contraction mapping theorem and the Knaster-Tarski theorem; (iii) Smyth's work on totally bounded spaces and compact ordered spaces as domains of computation. Our results therefore are theoretical and to be viewed as a contribution to the mathematical foundations of computer science.
A METHODOLOGY FOR CONSTRUCTING LOGIC PROGRAMS
Authors: Alexandre Francis , Bsaïes Khaled
Published: December 2019

A methodology for constructing definite programs is presented. This presentation consists of two parts. The first part is the writing of an initial specification in Horn clauses form. In this part some paradigms of construction are outlined. The specification obtained is moded and typed; moreover it has some important specific qualities: structure, clearness, correctness and executability. However the initial specification is generally not efficient. For this reason the second part of the presentation is the stage of transformation. In this part some strategies based on folding, unfolding and generation of schemata are presented.
A COMPILER CORRECTNESS PROOF FOR THE STATIC LINK TECHNIQUE BY MEANS OF EVOLVING ALGEBRAS
Authors: Mohnen Markus
Published: December 2019

The well-known static link technique is used for stack-based implementations of imperative programming languages which admit nested recursive procedure declarations. Its basic idea is to access non-local variables by tracing a static link chain to lower stack elements. Evolving algebras are a new method for defining operational semantics of abstract machines. Based on an appropriate stack machine, defined as an evolving algebra, and a functional description of a compiler for a sample language, we give a complete proof of correctness for this technique using the method of refinement.
A REPRESENTATION OF DEPENDENCE SPACES AND SOME BASIC ALGORITHMS
Authors: Järvinen Jouni
Published: December 2019

We give a simple representation of dependence spaces and a new characterization of the reducts of an arbitrary subset of a dependence space by the means of closure systems. We present an algorithm for finding the reducts of any given subset of a dependence space. The algorithm is based on a notion of difference function which connects the reduction problem to the general problem of identifying the set of all minimal vectors of values satisfying a positive (i.e., isotone) Boolean function.