bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Critical Role of the Hippocampus in Memory for Elapsed Time
Authors: Jacobs Nathan S. , Allen Timothy A. , Nguyen Natalie , Fortin Norbert J.
Published: August 2013

Episodic memory includes information about how long ago specific events occurred. Since most of our experiences have overlapping elements, remembering this temporal context is crucial for distinguishing individual episodes. The discovery of timing signals in hippocampal neurons, including evidence of “time cells” and of gradual changes in ensemble activity over long timescales, strongly suggests that the hippocampus is important for this capacity. However, behavioral evidence that the hippocampus is critical for the memory of elapsed time is lacking. This is possibly because previous studies have used time durations in the range of seconds when assessing hippocampal dependence, a timescale known to require corticostriatal circuits.

Here we developed a nonspatial paradigm to test the hypothesis that the hippocampus is critical for keeping track of elapsed time over several minutes. We report that rats have a robust ability to remember durations at this timescale. We then determined the role of the hippocampus using infusions of fluorophore-conjugated muscimol, a GABAAagonist. We found that the hippocampus was essential for discriminating smaller, but not larger, temporal differences (measured in log units), consistent with a role in temporal pattern separation. Importantly, this effect was observed at long (minutes) but not short (seconds) timescales, suggesting an interplay of temporal resolution and timescale in determining hippocampal dependence. These results offer compelling evidence that the hippocampus plays a critical role in remembering how long ago events occurred.
Delusions and the Role of Beliefs in Perceptual Inference
Authors: Schmack Katharina , Gòmez-Carrillo de Castro Ana , Rothkirch Marcus , Sekutowicz Maria , Rössler Hannes , Haynes John-Dylan , Heinz Andreas , Petrovic Predrag , Sterzer Philipp
Published: August 2013

Delusions are unfounded yet tenacious beliefs and a symptom of psychotic disorder. Varying degrees of delusional ideation are also found in the healthy population. Here, we empirically validated a neurocognitive model that explains both the formation and the persistence of delusional beliefs in terms of altered perceptual inference. In a combined behavioral and functional neuroimaging study in healthy participants, we used ambiguous visual stimulation to probe the relationship between delusion-proneness and the effect of learned predictions on perception. Delusional ideation was associated with less perceptual stability, but a stronger belief-induced bias on perception, paralleled by enhanced functional connectivity between frontal areas that encoded beliefs and sensory areas that encoded perception. These findings suggest that weakened lower-level predictions that result in perceptual instability are implicated in the emergence of delusional beliefs. In contrast, stronger higher-level predictions that sculpt perception into conformity with beliefs might contribute to the tenacious persistence of delusional beliefs.
“Happy to Be Born Hmong”
Authors: Briain Lonán Ó
Published: August 2013

Members of the Hmong ethnic minority group in Vietnam are making up for shortcomings in state broadcasts by accessing transnational media principally via three new music technologies: video compact discs, cell phones with MP3 playback capability, and the Internet. The musical media supplied via these recently introduced technologies are permitting an unprecedented intensification of cultural interactions with Hmong in other parts of the world. Despite numbering over one million people, the Hmong minority group in Vietnam have been largely ignored by music scholars until recently. This article examines how the Hmong are accessing these musical technologies and considers the impact that the resulting interactions are having on Hmong culture in Vietnam.
Osseointegration of Dental Implants and Osteonecrosis of the Jaw in Patients Treated With Bisphosphonate Therapy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Chadha Gurpreet K. , Ahmadieh Azadeh , Kumar Satish , Sedghizadeh Parish P.
Published: August 2013

Bisphosphonate (BP) drugs are a commonly prescribed group of medications used in the treatment of metabolic and oncologic bone disorders. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review in order to evaluate whether patients on BP therapy are appropriate candidates for dental implants as compared to patients not taking BP drugs with respect to successful implant osseointegration and the risk of developing bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. Based on the current literature, a history of oral or intravenous BP use is not an absolute contraindication for dental implant placement, and dental implants can osseointegrate successfully in this patient population. Importantly, the studies currently available on this topic are of moderate to weak strength of evidence with inherent bias and limitations, and hence results must be interpreted in this context. Well-controlled studies with higher strength of evidence and larger population sizes are required to address this topic more accurately in the future.
Adherence to migraine treatment does not depend on the number of prescribed medications
Authors: Dozza Ana Luísa C. Brasil , Krymchantowski Abouch Valenty
Published: August 2013

ObjectiveTo compare the adherence between monotherapy and politherapy in prophylactic migraine treatment.MethodFive hundred consecutive patients with migraine from a tertiary center were retrospectively studied as to the number of preventive medications prescribed during the first visit. Adherence, defined as returning for the next consultation after 4 to 6 weeks and following the prescribed regimens, were also evaluated and compared between patients.Results71.8% were women, and 6% of the patients did not receive any preventive medication, 11.4% received one drug, 22.2% two drugs, 41.4% three drugs, and 19% four drugs for the prevention of migraine. The overall adherence was 79.6%. Respectively, 73.7, 71.8, 82.6 and 86.3% of those who received the prescription of one, two, three and four drugs returned, complying with the treatment.ConclusionThere is no difference in adherence to monotherapy or politherapy (one to four drugs) for the prophylaxis of migraine.
Depression and temporal lobe epilepsy represent an epiphenomenon sharing similar neural networks: clinical and brain structural evidences
Authors: Valente Kette D. R. , Busatto Filho Geraldo
Published: August 2013

The relationship between depression and epilepsy has been known since ancient times, however, to date, it is not fully understood. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders in persons with epilepsy is high compared to general population. It is assumed that the rate of depression ranges from 20 to 55% in patients with refractory epilepsy, especially considering those with temporal lobe epilepsy caused by mesial temporal sclerosis. Temporal lobe epilepsy is a good biological model to understand the common structural basis between depression and epilepsy. Interestingly, mesial temporal lobe epilepsy and depression share a similar neurocircuitry involving: temporal lobes with hippocampus, amygdala and entorhinal and neocortical cortex; the frontal lobes with cingulate gyrus; subcortical structures, such as basal ganglia and thalamus; and the connecting pathways. We provide clinical and brain structural evidences that depression and epilepsy represent an epiphenomenon sharing similar neural networks.
Diagnosis of hepatic steatosis by contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography
Authors: Monjardim Rodrigo da Fonseca , Costa Danilo Manuel Cerqueira , Romano Ricardo Francisco Tavares , Salvadori Priscila Silveira , Santos Jaime de Vargas Conde dos , Atzingen Augusto Castelli Von , Shigueoka David Carlos , D'Ippolito Giuseppe
Published: August 2013

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic capacity of abdominal computed tomography in the assessment of hepatic steatosis using the portal phase with a simplified calculation method as compared with the non-contrast-enhanced phase. Materials and Methods In the present study, 150 patients were retrospectively evaluated by means of non-contrast-enhanced and contrast-enhanced computed tomography. One hundred patients had hepatic steatosis and 50 were control subjects. For the diagnosis of hepatic steatosis in the portal phase, the authors considered a result of < 104 HU calculated by the formula [L - 0.3 × (0.75 × P + 0.25 × A)] / 0.7, where L, P and A represent the attenuation of the liver, of the main portal vein and abdominal aorta, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were calculated, using non-contrast-enhanced computed tomography as the reference standard. Results The simplified calculation method with portal phase for the diagnosis of hepatic steatosis showed 100% sensitivity, 36% specificity, negative predictive value of 100% and positive predictive value of 75.8%. The rate of false positive results was 64%. False negative results were not observed. Conclusion The portal phase presents an excellent sensitivity in the diagnosis of hepatic steatosis, as compared with the non-contrast-enhanced phase of abdominal computed tomography. However, the method has low specificity.
Performance of diagnostic centers in the classification of opportunistic screening mammograms from the Brazilian public health system (SUS)
Authors: Rodrigues Danielle Cristina Netto , Freitas-Junior Ruffo , Corrêa Rosangela da Silveira , Peixoto João Emílio , Tomazelli Jeane Gláucia , Rahal Rosemar Macedo Sousa
Published: August 2013

Objective To evaluate the performance of diagnostic centers in the classification of mammography reports from an opportunistic screening undertaken by the Brazilian public health system (SUS) in the municipality of Goiânia, GO, Brazil in 2010. Materials and Methods The present ecological study analyzed data reported to the Sistema de Informação do Controle do Câncer de Mama (SISMAMA) (Breast Cancer Management Information System) by diagnostic centers involved in the mammographic screening developed by the SUS. Based on the frequency of mammograms per BI-RADS® category and on the limits established for the present study, the authors have calculated the rate of conformity for each diagnostic center. Diagnostic centers with equal rates of conformity were considered as having equal performance. Results Fifteen diagnostic centers performed mammographic studies for SUS and reported 31,198 screening mammograms. The performance of the diagnostic centers concerning BI-RADS classification has demonstrated that none of them was in conformity for all categories, one center presented conformity in five categories, two centers, in four categories, three centers, in three categories, two centers, in two categories, four centers, in one category, and three centers with no conformity. Conclusion The results of the present study demonstrate unevenness in the diagnostic centers performance in the classification of mammograms reported to SISMAMA from the opportunistic screening undertaken by SUS.
Pyogenic and tuberculous discitis: magnetic resonance imaging findings for differential diagnosis
Authors: Souza Cristiano Gonzaga de , Gasparetto Emerson Leandro , Marchiori Edson , Bahia Paulo Roberto Valle
Published: August 2013

Spondylodiscitis represents 2%–4% of all bone infections cases. The correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment can prevent complications such as vertebral collapse and spinal cord compression, avoiding surgical procedures. The diagnosis is based on characteristic clinical and radiographic findings and confirmed by blood culture and biopsy of the disc or the vertebra. The present study was developed with Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital patients with histopathologically and microbiologically confirmed diagnosis of spondylodiscitis, submitted to magnetic resonance imaging of the affected regions. In most cases, pyogenic spondylodiscitis affects the lumbar spine. The following findings are suggestive of the diagnosis: segmental involvement; ill-defined abscesses; early intervertebral disc involvement; homogeneous vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs involvement. Tuberculous spondylodiscitis affects preferentially the thoracic spine. Most suggestive signs include: presence of well-defined and thin-walled abscess; multisegmental, subligamentous involvement; heterogeneous involvement of vertebral bodies; and relative sparing of intervertebral discs. The present pictorial essay is aimed at showing the main magnetic resonance imaging findings of pyogenic and tuberculous discitis.
Bilateral Killian-Jamieson diverticula demonstrated by videofluoroscopic swallowing study: case report
Authors: Scheeren Betina , Mello Renato José Kist de , Gonçalves Caren Meneghetti , Maciel Antonio Carlos
Published: August 2013

The authors report the case of a 56-year-old male patient complaining of dysphagia for solids and food impaction, submitted to videofluoroscopic swallowing study that demonstrated the presence of two esophageal diverticula. The videofluoroscopic swallowing study was critical in the identification and diagnosis of the diverticula, an esophageal cause of dysphagia.
O uso do método PROMETHEE para seleção de candidatos à bolsa-formação do Pronatec
Authors: Silva Vanessa Batista de Sousa , Schramm Fernando , Carvalho Hugo Riccely Cunha de
Published: August 2013

O objetivo deste estudo é a construção de um procedimento para apoiar as unidades do Senai em Campina Grande-PB, na seleção de alunos do ensino médio para cursos de educação profissional e tecnológica disponibilizados pelo governo federal através do Pronatec. O procedimento inclui o estabelecimento dos critérios de exclusão e seleção dos candidatos, conforme as diretrizes do Pronatec e regras estabelecidas pela Secretaria de Educação do Estado; a avaliação estruturada dos candidatos, onde é utilizado o método multicritério PROMETHEE II; e a estruturação do processo de divulgação do resultado da seleção. Com critérios bem definidos e com a garantia da consideração de todos eles na avaliação dos candidatos foi possível, através do procedimento, realizar uma seleção melhor dos candidatos que atendesse tanto aos critérios sociais estabelecidos pelo programa como também ao perfil demandado por esse tipo de formação e pelo setor produtivo.
Gestão ambiental: levantamento da produção científica brasileira em periódicos de Engenharia de Produção
Authors: Trierweiller Andréa Cristina , Campos Lucila Maria de Souza , Carvalho Danielly Nunes de , Santos Thiago Henrique Silva dos , Bornia Antonio Cezar , Peixe Blênio César Severo
Published: August 2013

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a publicação sobre o tema "gestão ambiental" em revistas de Engenharia de Produção brasileiras, em língua portuguesa. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, que recorre a recursos tecnológicos para indexação dos artigos do portfólio com o uso do software Ucinet 6. Procedeu-se à análise sistêmica com a identificação de características de interesse relativas à gestão ambiental. Dentre os resultados, tem-se: definições e evolução da gestão ambiental, abordagem metodológica das pesquisas, artigos publicados por ano, por periódico, por número de autores, por instituição de ensino, por estado, autores com maior número de publicações, mapa de citações e rede de palavras-chave. Percebeu-se a tendência em estudos para mensurar o desempenho ambiental das empresas; contudo, as metodologias de avaliação e a definição e utilização de indicadores ou índices necessitam de aprimoramento. Este artigo contribuiu para tecer um panorama da produção acadêmica em gestão ambiental bem como tendências de estudo.
Subsídios para a diversificação de moradias destinadas a pessoas com transtorno mental grave no Brasil: uma revisão
Authors: Furtado Juarez Pereira
Published: August 2013

Com as críticas ao chamado manicômio, diversas iniciativas de moradia para egressos de hospitais psiquiátricos precisaram ser implementadas em diferentes países. Neste artigo, a partir de revisão narrativa, analisamos os antecedentes e a constituição de moradias para pessoas com transtorno mental grave implementadas no Brasil, pelo Sistema Único de Saúde. Identificamos pouca discussão sobre os limites do programa de Serviços Residenciais Terapêuticos (SRTs) e a quase inexistência de discussões sobre alternativas para as necessidades de moradia de pacientes graves ligados aos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (Caps). Subsidiados por reflexões oriundas da experiência canadense, discutimos a necessidade e os caminhos possíveis de ampliação não só quantitativa, mas, sobretudo, qualitativa, das formas de apoio às moradias de pessoas com transtorno mental grave no Brasil.
Comunicação, humanidades e humanização: a educação técnica, ética, estética e emocional do estudante e do profissional de saúde
Authors: Marco Mario Alfredo De , Degiovani Mariella Vargas , Torossian Miriam Sansoni , Wechsler Rudolf , Joppert Silvia Mara Herbelha , Lucchese Ana Cecília
Published: August 2013

Neste artigo discutimos os conceitos de humanização e humanidades, sua relação com a comunicação na constituição do sujeito e sua importância na formação profissional, a partir de uma perspectiva do preparo de profissionais que tenham as competências para um trabalho que contemple a integração e a integralidade das práticas. É apresentada uma revisão do campo, discutindo os papéis historicamente atribuídos à natureza e à cultura na constituição do sujeito, particularmente em sua dimensão emocional e moral. É relatado um trabalho que vem sendo desenvolvido há vários anos no campo da graduação em medicina tendo como referencial conclusões que emergem deste estudo. Finaliza-se com uma reflexão crítica deste trabalho.
O valor de uso do impossível
Authors: Hollier Denis
Published: August 2013

Visando à reflexão sobre o projeto da revista Documents, publicada nos anos 1929-1930, o artigo discute as relações entre a arte e a etnografia a partir da noção de "valor de uso", que se tornaria decisiva na obra de Georges Bataille. Para tanto, vale-se de textos publicados na revista por autores como Michel Leiris, Georges Henri Rivière e Carl Einstein, entre outros, além do próprio Bataille.
Meditação de método
Authors: Nancy Jean-Luc
Published: August 2013

O artigo aborda a reflexão sobre o método na tradição filosófica, evocando especialmente Descartes, Hegel e Heidegger, no intuito de especular sobre a especificidade do pensamento de Georges Bataille. Retomam-se, assim, noções importantes como comunidade, impossível, não-saber, entre outras
A experiência interior como experiência de ator
Authors: Bident Christophe
Published: August 2013

Trata-se de voltar, com Georges Bataille, a um dos dramas mais excessivos e mais impossíveis de representar de A formação do ator, de Stanislavski: a cena chamada de "o dinheiro queimado". Se Tortsov, o mestre desse ensaio teatral que assume a forma de uma narrativa de formação, não cessa de fazer seus jovens atores repetirem essa cena, ao ponto de ela tornar-se um dos leitmotiven maiores do livro, é porque Stanislavski vê nela um limite para o mimodrama e o melodrama cujo domínio é necessário à atuação moderna do ator. Essa cena age como um episódio crítico do acontecimento da "encenação". Pode-se lê-la como uma "experiência interior", o que permite precisar a um só tempo a filosofia singular de Stanislavski e o "método de dramatização" de Bataille.
Modelagem do efeito materno e estimativa de parâmetros genéticos para pesos corporais de caprinos Anglo Nubiano
Authors: Santos Gleyson Vieira dos , Sousa José Ernandes Rufino de , Sarmento José Lindenberg Rocha , Sousa Júnior Severino Cavalcante de , Sousa Wandrick Hauss de , Biagiotti Daniel , Santos Natanael Pereira da Silva , Rêgo Neto Aurino de Araujo
Published: August 2013

Objetivou-se com este trabalho determinar o modelo mais adequado, bem como estimar os parâmetros genéticos do peso ao nascimento até os 196 dias de idade de caprinos da raça Anglo-nubiana. Os parâmetros genéticos foram estimados pelo método da máxima verossimilhança restrita (REML), utilizando o programa WOMBAT. Doze diferentes modelos animais foram ajustados por meio da inclusão ou exclusão do efeito genético materno, ambiente permanente materno, ambiente temporário materno e a covariância genética entre os efeitos direto e materno. Com base no critério de informação Bayesiano de Schwarz (BIC), o modelo II, que incluiu os efeitos genético direto e de ambiente temporário da mãe, foi o mais apropriado para todas as características. O efeito de ambiente temporário materno foi a mais importante fonte de variação. Este efeito contribuiu com 33% a 44% da variação fenotípica de acordo com o peso analisado. Estes resultados indicam que a seleção para efeitos direto e/ou materno em caprinos da raça Anglo-nubiana podem gerar progresso genético em características de crescimento.
Definição de grupos genéticos aditivos visando melhor predição de valores genéticos em bovinos de corte
Authors: Oliveira Júnior Gerson Antônio de , Eler Joanir Pereira , Ferraz José Bento Sterman , Petrini Juliana , Mattos Elisângela Chicaroni de , Mourão Gerson Barreto
Published: August 2013

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a estrutura de grupos genéticos aditivos como uma alternativa para melhor ajuste de animais com paternidade desconhecida nas avaliações genéticas. As características estudadas foram: peso a desmama; peso ao sobreano; ganho de peso pós-desmama em 345 dias; perímetro escrotal ao sobreano e o escore visual de musculosidade ao sobreano. Um banco em que todos os animais tinham paternidade conhecida foi utilizado como grupo controle. A partir deste, três cenários foram criados em que 30; 50 ou 70% dos indivíduos foram aleatoriamente assumidos como animais com paternidade desconhecida. As estratégias consideradas de grupos genéticos aditivos foram: ano de nascimento do animal com paternidade desconhecida; fazenda de nascimento do animal com paternidade desconhecida; ano de nascimento e fazenda de nascimento do animal e um grupo controle negativo que manteve os animais com pais desconhecidos. A estratégia adequada de grupo genético aditivo foi escolhida como sendo aquela que resultou em um maior coeficiente de regressão e com valor genético aditivo mais próximos ao predito para os animais do grupo controle. Os resultados que incluíram a estratégia de grupo genético aditivo nos modelos de predição dos valores genéticos mostraram maior coerência com o grupo controle, frente a não inclusão destes nas análises. Dentre as estratégias propostas, ano de nascimento e fazenda de nascimento do animal e apenas ano de nascimento do animal com paternidade desconhecida obtiveram os melhores resultados.
Desenvolvimento corporal de novilhas leiteiras suplementadas com minerais inorgânicos e orgânicos em pastejo na época das águas
Authors: Signoretti Ricardo Dias , Resende Flávio Dutra de , Drubi Gabriel Miranda , Souza Fernando Henrique Meneguello de , Dib Vanessa , Oliveira Elisa Marcela de
Published: August 2013

Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da suplementação com fontes de minerais inorgânicos e orgânicos, na época das águas do ano, sobre o desempenho de novilhas leiteiras mestiças Gir x Holandês, com idade média de 13,6 ± 2,9 meses e peso corporal inicial de 176,8 ± 10,1kg, distribuídas em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, sendo considerado o módulo de pastejo (dois módulos/tratamento) como tratamento (fontes de minerais inorgânicos e orgânicos) e animais como repetição (16 animais/tratamento) em pastagem de Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst. ex. A. Rich.) Stapf. cv. Marandu, manejada em sistema intermitente. Ao final de cada ciclo de pastejo (42 dias) os animais foram pesados e mensurados quanto à altura na cernelha e perímetro torácico e, o peso corporal médio do lote foi usado para os cálculos de ajuste de carga. Com relação à oferta de forragem em matéria seca, não houve diferença entre os tratamentos, mas sim sobre os ciclos. A oferta de forragem média para os ciclos foi de 12kg matéria seca/100kg de peso corporal, com taxa de lotação de 4,19UA/ha. Não foram observados efeitos das fontes de minerais inorgânicos e orgânicos sobre o ganho médio diário de peso corporal e nas mensurações do perímetro torácico e na altura da cernelha. O manejo correto da pastagem na época das águas e a suplementação mineral adequada proporcionou excelente desempenho de novilhas leiteiras com ganhos médios de 0,680kg/dia. O desempenho de novilhas leiteiras recriadas a pasto foi semelhante quando suplementadas com fontes minerais inorgânicos ou orgânicos.
Exigência de proteína bruta para juvenis de pacamã
Authors: Souza Márcia Gomes de , Seabra Ana Gabriela Lins , Silva Lilian Carolina Rosa da , Santos Lilian Dena dos , Balen Rafael Ernesto , Meurer Fábio
Published: August 2013

O pacamã (Lophiosilurus alexandri) é uma espécie de peixe com hábito alimentar carnívoro, apropriada para o cultivo, porém, ainda pouco estudada. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a exigência de proteína bruta (PB) do pacamã, L. alexandri, na fase juvenil. O experimento foi conduzido por um período de 45 dias utilizando um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos (dieta contendo 36,2; 38,2; 42,0; 44,4 e 48,8% de PB) e quatro repetições cada, onde 100 juvenis (5,19 ± 0,01g) foram distribuídos em 20 caixas com volume útil de 36 L, sendo considerada como unidade experimental uma caixa com cinco juvenis. Foram avaliados os parâmetros de peso final, percentagem de ganho de peso, taxa de crescimento específico, sobrevivência, índice hepatossomático, rendimento de carcaça com e sem cabeça, comprimento total, comprimento da cabeça, largura e altura. Pela análise de regressão foi verificada uma redução linear (P<0.01) nos parâmetros de desempenho em função do nível protéico da ração. Quando comparados pelo teste de Tukey, o melhor resultado (P<0.01) foi obtido com 36,2% de PB. Não houve influência dos tratamentos nos outros parâmetros avaliados (p>0,05). Deste modo, recomenda-se a utilização de rações contendo entre 36,2% de proteína bruta para juvenis de pacamã (L. alexandri).
Distal movement of upper permanent molars using midpalatal mini-implant
Authors: Lira Ana de Lourdes Sá de , Prado Sávio , Araújo Mônica Tirre , Sant'Anna Eduardo Franzotti , Ruellas Antonio Carlos de Oliveira
Published: August 2013

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether palatal mini-implants are effective as direct anchorage for distal movement of the upper molars. METHODS: It was used an acrylic model of the upper dental arch. After making a groove in the region corresponding to dental alveolus, acrylic teeth were fixed in groove with #7 wax, with the roots being previously immersed in adhesive wax. The orthodontic appliance was placed according to the Edgewise technique and then a mini-implant (SIN, São Paulo, Brazil) was inserted at the site corresponding to the palatal raphe. A 0.019 x 0.025-in stainless steel archwire was made and attached to the upper arch with elastics. A transpalatal arch bar (0.019 x 0.025in) was mounted and two hooks were soldered to it in order to retain chain elastics (Unitek, Brazil) to be connected to the mini-implant under a force of 1.5 N on each side. The maxillary model was immersed in water 40 times and photographed after each immersion, for observation of dental movements. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test were employed for analyzing the obtained data. RESULTS: Molars displaced distally 3.1 mm, in average, with distal inclination ranging from 3 to 5 mm. CONCLUSIONS: Molar movements occurred due to distal inclination, with a slight rotation and no extrusive effect.
A comparative clinical study of the failure rate of orthodontic brackets bonded with two adhesive systems: conventional and self-etching primer (SEP)
Authors: Dominguez Gladys Cristina , Tortamano André , Lopes Luiz Vicente de Moura , Catharino Priscilla Campanatti Chibebe , Morea Camillo
Published: August 2013

OBJECTIVE: This study compared the clinical performance of orthodontic brackets bonded with Transbond adhesive paste after two priming systems: a two-stage conventional system (acid etching + Transbond XT adhesive primer) and a singlestage self-etching primer (SEP) (Transbond Plus). METHODS: The sample comprised 480 metal brackets bonded to the teeth of 24 consecutive patients treated for 36 to 48 months. A split-mouth design was used for bonding, and both systems were used in each patient. Bracket failure rates for each system were analyzed; and failure causes as reported by the patients and the quadrant of teeth for which brackets failed were recorded. RESULTS: The conventional system group had a failure rate of 5.41%, whereas the rate for SEP was 4.58%. In this group, there were 5 failures (38.4%) in the right maxillary quadrant, 2 (15.4%) in the left maxillary quadrant, 4 (30.8%) in the right mandibular quadrant, and 2 (15.4%) in the left mandibular quadrant. In the SEP group, there were 4 (36.4%) failures in the right maxillary quadrant, 1 (9%) in the left maxillary quadrant, 3 (27.3%) in the right mandibular quadrant, and 3 (27.3%) in the left mandibular quadrant. Results of descriptive statistical analysis and odds ratio did not show any significant differences between rates (p = 0.67). CONCLUSION: The clinical efficiency of SEP was similar to that of the conventional system.
Maxillary incisor retraction: evaluation of different mechanisms
Authors: Ruellas Antônio Carlos de Oliveira , Pithon Matheus Melo , Santos Rogério Lacerda dos
Published: August 2013

OBJECTIVE: To mechanically evaluate different systems used for incisors retraction. METHODS: Three different methods for incisors retraction using 0.019 x 0.025-in stainless steel wire were evaluated. The samples were divided into three groups: Group A (retraction arch with 7-mm high vertical hooks); Group G3 (elastic chain attached to the miniimplant and to the 3-mm stainless steel hook soldered to the retraction arch); Group G6 (elastic chain attached to the mini-implant and to the 6-mm stainless steel hook soldered to the retraction arch). A dental mannequin was used for evaluation in order to simulate the desired movements when the device was exposed to a heat source. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey test were used (p < 0.05). RESULTS: The results demonstrated that Groups G3 and G6 exhibited less extrusion and less incisor inclination during the retraction phase (p < 0.05). With regard to incisor extrusion, statistically significant differences were observed between Groups A and G3, and between Groups A and G6 (p < 0.05). Regarding incisor inclination, statistically significant differences were observed between the three systems evaluated (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Arches with 6-mm vertical hooks allow the force to be applied on the center of resistance of the incisors, thus improving mechanical control when compared with the other two systems.
Angle Class I malocclusion with anterior open bite treated with extraction of permanent teeth
Authors: Pithon Matheus Melo
Published: August 2013

This clinical case reports the orthodontic treatment of a Class I malocclusion with anterior open bite and bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion in a 28-year-old female patient. The treatment of choice was to perform tooth extractions followed by retraction of the anterior teeth, with consequent closure of the anterior open bite and better accommodation of the teeth on their bony bases. This case was presented to the Brazilian Board of Orthodontics and Facial Orthopedics (BBO), representing the Category 2 - i.e., an Angle Class I malocclusion, with anterior open bite, treated with extraction of permanent teeth -, as part of the requisites to become a BBO diplomate.
Iodine Status of Breastfed Infants and their Mothers after Sixteen Years of Universal Dietary Salt Iodization Program in Dosso, Niger
Authors: Sadou Hassimi , Moussa Yaou , Alma Mousbahou Malam , Daouda Hamani
Published: August 2013

Introduction:

Universal dietary salt iodization (UDSI) was implemented in Niger in 1996. However, since 2000
there was a slowdown in progress against iodine deficiency.

Objective:

The objective was to assess iodine nutritional status of infants and their lactating mothers living in Dosso, the
state capital of a severe iodine deficiency region in Niger.

Methods:

The study was centered on 238 full-term infants and their mothers. Some of the data collected were: arm circumference
(AC), head circumference (HC) of infant; familial thyroid disease history; the infant feeding method; age of
the mother and child; parity, occupation and educational level of the mother.

Results:

In infants, the urinary iodine concentration (UIC) ranged from 20 to 1600 μg/l with a median of 220 μg/L and
17.23 % had iodine deficiency (UIC<l00μg/L). In mothers, the UIC was within 10 and 820 μg/L with a median of 68
μg/L and 69.75 % had iodine deficiency. No significant statistical correlation was found between infant UIC and their age,
type of feeding and gender as well as educational level, occupational group, parity and age of their mothers (p>0.05).
Spearman's correlation test indicated weak significant correlation between maternal and infant UIC (r = 0,167, p = 0, 01).

Conclusion:

Iodine status was suboptimal in 70% of mothers and 17% (mild to moderate) of breastfed infants, thus indicating
an urgent need to provide iodine supplement for lactating women in Dosso.
Surgical and Biomechanical Perspectives on Osteoarthritis and the ACL Deficient Knee: A Critical Review of the Literature
Authors: Fu Richard Z , Lin David D
Published: August 2013

This review was undertaken to better understand the debate regarding the issue of osteoarthritis associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries, from a surgical and biomechanical standpoint. Much of the current debate focuses on contributory surgical factors and their relative roles in increasing or decreasing the risk of future osteoarthritis development, primarily highlighting the controversy over whether reconstructive surgery itself is necessarily protective. This review addresses the evolution of ACL reconstruction techniques over time, and with a view to thoroughly examine the role of surgery, outcome differences in procedural technique are reviewed, with a focus on open versus arthroscopic methods, graft choice and the use of a double versus single bundle reconstruction technique.

Moreover, other potentially important contributory factors are identified and discussed, such as intrinsic biomechanical alterations sustained at the time of initial injury, and how these may have a more significant role with regard to future osteoarthritic changes in the knee than previously attributed.
An Assessment of the Microbial Diversity Present on the Surface of Naturally Incubated House Wren Eggs
Authors: Potter Beth A. , Carlson Brian M. , Adams Andrea E. , Voss Margaret A. , Vasseur J.-L.
Published: August 2013

During ovipositioning, avian eggshells become susceptible to bacterial and fungal growth and studies have
shown that a community of these microorganisms, or microflora, is maintained on eggshells throughout the incubation
process. To determine the possible role of these microorganisms on embryonic development, it is first important to understand
the composition of the microbial community present on the surface of the egg. A limited amount of studies have
been published in this area; thus, the objective of this study was to broaden this area of study and determine what bacterial
communities are found on the surface of naturally-incubated House Wren eggs across three stages of incubation (pre,
early, and late) as defined by egg temperature. Our data uniquely suggest that the eggshell microflora is dynamic and that
this may be regulated by temperature fluctuations due to intermittent incubation behavior. Using culture-based techniques,
46 different bacterial species were identified belonging to 13 bacterial families and 20 genera. The majority of bacteria belonged
to the Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Stenotrophomonas, or Burkholderia genera and have been previously associated
with avian eggs and nests. Bacteria within the Pseudomonas genus were the most predominant and we hypothesize
that their maintenance may be linked to their ability to produce antibiotic substances called bacteriocins. The bacterial
composition of the microflora isolated in this study also suggests that avian egg microfloras are derived from environmental
origins.
mHealth for HIV Treatment & Prevention: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Catalani Caricia , Philbrick William , Fraser Hamish , Mechael , Patricia , Israelski Dennis M.
Published: August 2013

This systematic review assesses the published literature to describe the landscape of mobile health technology (mHealth) for HIV/AIDS and the evidence supporting the use of these tools to address the HIV prevention, care, and treatment cascade. The speed of innovation, broad range of initiatives and tools, and heterogeneity in reporting have made it difficult to uncover and synthesize knowledge on how mHealth tools might be effective in addressing the HIV pandemic.

To do address this gap, a team of reviewers collected literature on the use of mobile technology for HIV/AIDS among health, engineering, and social science literature databases and analyzed a final set of 62 articles. Articles were systematically coded, assessed for scientific rigor, and sorted for HIV programmatic relevance. The review revealed evidence that mHealth tools support HIV programmatic priorities, including: linkage to care, retention in care, and adherence to antiretroviral treatment. In terms of technical features, mHealth tools facilitate alerts and reminders, data collection, direct voice communication, educational messaging, information on demand, and more. Studies were mostly descriptive with a growing number of quasi-experimental and experimental designs. There was a lack of evidence around the use of mHealth tools to address the needs of key populations, including pregnant mothers, sex workers, users of injection drugs, and men who have sex with men.

The science and practice of mHealth for HIV are evolving rapidly, but still in their early stages. Small-scale efforts, pilot projects, and preliminary descriptive studies are advancing and there is a promising trend toward implementing mHealth innovation that is feasible and acceptable within low-resource settings, positive program outcomes, operational improvements, and rigorous study design
Training the “Assertive Practitioner of Behavioral Science”: Advancing a Behavioral Medicine Track in a Family Medicine Residency
Authors: Butler Dennis J. , Holloway Richard L. , Fons Dominique
Published: August 2013

Objective:

This article describes the development of a Behavioral Medicine track in a family medicine residency designed to train physicians to proactively and consistently apply advanced skills in psychosocial medicine, psychiatric care, and behavioral medicine.

Methods:

The Behavioral Medicine track emerged from a behavioral science visioning retreat, an opportunity to restructure residency training, a comparative family medicine-psychiatry model, and qualified residents with high interest in behavioral science. Training was restructured to increase rotational opportunities in core behavioral science areas and track residents were provided an intensive longitudinal counseling seminar and received advanced training in psychopharmacology, case supervision, and mindfulness.

Results:

The availability of a Behavioral Medicine track increased medical student interest in the residency program and four residents have completed the track. All track residents have presented medical Grand Rounds on behavioral science topics and have lead multiple workshops or research sessions at national meetings. Graduate responses indicate effective integration of behavioral medicine skills and abilities in practice, consistent use of brief counseling skills, and good confidence in treating common psychiatric disorders.

Conclusion:

As developed and structured, the Behavioral Medicine track has achieved the goal of producing “assertive practitioners of behavioral science in family medicine” residents with advanced behavioral science skills and abilities who globally integrate behavioral science into primary care.
Motivational Interviewing as a Pedagogical Approach in Behavioral Science Education: “Walking the Talk”
Authors: Triana A. Catalina , Olson Michael
Published: August 2013

Motivational Interviewing (MI) is an evidence-based approach to facilitating behavior change. This approach has been applied in multiple settings (e.g., healthcare, drug and alcohol treatment, psychotherapy, health and wellness coaching, etc.). This article applies MI in a pedagogical context with medical residents as a semi-directive, learner-centered teaching style for eliciting clinical behavior change. Herein we present the foundational theories that inform this approach, describe the process of teaching, address barriers and challenges, and conclude with a review of performance to date including residents' narrative accounts of their experience with the curriculum.
Non-Timely 10-K Filings and Audit Fees
Authors: Wang Changjiang , Raghunandan K. , McEwen Ruth Ann
Published: August 2013

SYNOPSIS

The SEC requires that firms failing to file their annual reports within the specified deadlines file a Form NT 10−K with the Commission. In this paper, we examine the impact of non-timely filings on audit fees. We find that in the case of accelerated filers, audit fees are 26 (12) percent higher for those firms that had a Form NT 10-K filing in the previous (current) year. There is no such statistically significant association between non-timely filing and audit fees in the case of non-accelerated filers, but this result is driven by the clients of non-Big 4 auditors. Our results add to the stream of research related to non-timely filings of annual reports, and provide additional evidence about differences in audit quality/risk between Big 4 and non-Big 4 audit firms. The results also reinforce findings from recent studies about the significant differences in the market for audit services of accelerated and non-accelerated filer firms.
Is the Decline in the Information Content of Earnings Following Restatements Short-Lived?
Authors: Chen Xia , Cheng Qiang , Lo Alvis K.
Published: August 2013

Prior research finds that the decline in the information content of earnings after restatement announcements is short-lived and the earnings response coefficient (ERC) bounces back after three quarters. We re-examine this issue using a more recent and comprehensive sample of restatements. We find that material restatement firms experience a significant decrease in the ERC over a prolonged period—close to three years after restatement announcements. In contrast, other restatement firms experience a decline in the ERC for only one quarter. We further find that among material restatement firms, those that are subject to more credibility concerns and those that do not take prompt actions to improve reporting credibility experience a longer drop in the ERC. Last, reconciling with prior research, we find that using a more powerful proxy for material restatements and imposing less restrictive sampling requirements help to increase the power of the tests to detect the long-run drop in the ERC.

Data Availability: The data are available from the sources indicated in the text.
Signal of single scattering albedo in water leaving polarization
Authors: Piskozub J. , Freda W.
Published: August 2013

The purpose of this article is to examine whether the change in single scattering albedo in the surface layer of the sea will cause significant changes in the polarization of light emerging from the sea. The results of a polarization resolving Monte Carlo radiative transfer calculations are presented. Bubble clouds of different bubble concentrations are used to achieve a wide range of single scattering albedo variability. The variability of the polarization signal is largest in the direction looking towards the sun which is unfortunate due to sun reflection. However the variability is also significant at direction perpendicular to solar azimuth angle which should it make possible to use this signal in remote sensing. The polarization degree of water leaving radiation, together with reflectance can be used to determine the backscattering ratio of the observed sea water.
Where are the Men? Here are the Men and the Women!
Authors: Duboc Marie
Published: August 2013

For the past decade Egypt has been experiencing the largest wave of labor action since the 1950s with over two million Egyptians protesting in the workplace between 2004 and 2011. The centrality of gender in labor protests seemed obvious when in December 2006 the female workers of the Egypt Spinning and Weaving Company, the largest Egyptian textile firm, mobilized and chanted the slogan, “Where are the men? Here are the women!” to shame their colleagues into joining the strike. By exploring the connection between the political economy context, the reorganization of work, the rise of the security state, and the redefinition of masculinity, this article analyzes the shifting gender dynamics that influence labor protests in Egypt. Based on an ethnographic study conducted in two textile factories of the Nile Delta region between 2008 and 2010, I argue that protest is a phase of transgression of gender relations for both men and women, and broadly reflects the impact of economic change on the domestic and work spheres. The factory materializes changing gender roles and narratives through policing and surveillance of workers’ behaviors, gendered logics of social control, and the visibility of female militancy in labor protests. As a result of these transformations, women’s roles in labor protests have become part of the process of men reclaiming their masculinity, which has been humiliated by wage erosion, the transformation of labor relations, and the coercive nature of relationships between the state and its citizens.
"Our Life is Prison"
Authors: Giacaman Rita , Johnson Penny
Published: August 2013

In focus groups and individual interviews with the wives and mothers of Palestinian political prisoners, we find that their narratives describe a triple captivity—of the Israeli colonial system, the Israeli prison, and the post-Oslo Palestinian political landscape with its isolating effects in their own communities. Wives and mothers of prisoners mediate between prison and family life by navigating through the multiple dynamics of Israeli securitization and geographic incarceration, political invisibility in the Palestinian field, and social isolation in their communities. In particular, the visit from the West Bank to prisons inside Israel emerges as an ordeal that haunts and structures daily life. We draws on Jacques Ranciere’s notion to highlight the vanishing of the political, the dominance of policing, and the diminishing value of imprisonment in the post Oslo years, signaling an absence of the Palestinian emancipatory project.
Broadband Luminescence in Rare Earth Doped Sr2SiS4: Relating Energy Levels of Ce3+ and Eu2+
Authors: Parmentier Anthony , Smet Philippe , Poelman Dirk
Published: August 2013

Sr2SiS4:Ce3+ is an efficient blue-emitting (460 nm) phosphor, excitable with light of wavelengths up to 420 nm. From the excitation spectrum, we construct the energy level scheme and use it to check the predictive power of the Dorenbos model, relating the positions of the Ce3+ energy levels with those of Eu2+ in the same host. For strontium thiosilicate, this method gives excellent results and allows us to determine which of two available crystallographic sites is occupied by cerium. We use the Dorenbos method for extracting information on the coordination of Ce3+ from the observed crystal field splitting.
Personalizing Colon Cancer Therapeutics: Targeting Old and New Mechanisms of Action
Authors: Kline Christina , El-Deiry Wafik
Published: August 2013

The use of pharmaceuticals for colon cancer treatment has been increasingly personalized, in part due to the development of new molecular tools. In this review, we discuss the old and new colon cancer chemotherapeutics, and the parameters that have been shown to be predictive of efficacy and safety of these chemotherapeutics. In addition, we discuss how alternate pharmaceuticals have been developed in light of a potential lack of response or resistance to a particular chemotherapeutic.