bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fundamentos filosóficos na Pedagogia Social de Paul Natorp e aproximações com a educação comunitária
Authors: Orzechowski Suzete Terezinha , Machado Érico Ribas
Published: February 2023

O texto que se apresenta é fruto de análises que reverberam e aprofundam os estudos sobre as ideias de Paul Natorp na Pedagogia Social como concepção filosófica baseada em Platão e Pestalozzi. É uma pesquisa bibliográfica de cunho qualitativo. De modo oportuno, expende as ideias de Paulo Freire, promove a apropriação das práticas da educação social em integração com a perspectiva de Natorp sobre a educação que se constroi e se efetiva nos contextos da educação que se desenvolve na comunidade. Daí que a educação pertence aos sujeitos que convivem e se alteram para uma sociedade mais justa, com alteridade e equidade social.
Synthesis, Characterization, Thermal Behavior and Biological Properties of Zn (II) Schiff Base Complexes
Authors:   Lecturer, Paktia University, Afghanistan, Naimzai Ziaulhaq , Muhsin Abdul Zahir ,   Lecturer, Paktia University, Afghanistan, Pathman Abdul fatah ,   Lecturer, Paktia University, Afghanistan
Published: February 2023

In this research, N, N`-bis ((E)-3-(4-dimethylamine) phenyl allylidene)-phenylen-1,2-diamine as a bidentate Schiff base ligand, was synthesized in ethanol and purified and then was identified by physical and spectral methods. Using this ligand, compounds with the general formula of ZnLX2 in which X is Clˉ, Brˉ, Iˉ, N3ˉ, SCNˉ and/or NO3ˉ. Different techniques such as FT-IR, UV-Vis, 1H-NMR, thermal analysis (TG, DTA, DTG), melting point and molar conductivity were used for characterization of the coordination compounds. The IR spectrum of the ligand shows the group (C=N) vibration frequency at 1604 cm-1 as main peak. However, the relevant frequency changed after complex formation which indicates coordination of the Schiff base ligand to the Zn metal ion. The data obtained from the UV-Vis spectra and the 1H-NMR of the ligand and its coordination compounds confirm their synthesis. Ultimately thermal behavior of the ligand and its metal compounds in the temperature range of 20-900˚C was studied and their decomposition steps were evaluated along with some thermo-kinetic parameters of thermal decomposition of the complexes in each decomposition step.
THE POST ACTIVATION POTENTIATION EFFECT OF TWO DIFFERENT CONDITIONING STIMULI ON DROP JUMP PARAMETERS ON YOUNG FEMALE ARTISTIC GYMNASTS
Authors: Dallas George , Mavvidis Alexandros , Kosmadaki Ioanna , Tsoumani Sofia , Dallas Konstantinos
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine the post activation potentiation (PAP) effect of two different conditioning stimuli (CS) on drop jump (DJ) parameters on young female gymnasts. Thirty young female artistic gymnasts, aged 8 to 13 years old performed two protocols of either double tuck jumps (DTJ: 2 sets of 5 repetitions) or legs blocking action (LBA: 2 sets of 5 repetitions) in a within-subject randomized design. Before and immediately after the PAP treatment and 4, 8, 12, and 16 min after, jumping ability was measured by performing a drop jump (DJ). Statistical analysis revealed significant interaction effect between the two CS for DJ height (p < 0.002), time flight (p < 0.002) and take-off velocity (p < 0.003). Furthermore, significant main effect was found for protocol on DJ height (p < 0.001) and time flight (p < 0.001). It is recommended to the sports experts to include similar condition stimuli in the warm-up procedure, in order to improve their jumping performance. Conclusive both CS cause PAP phenomenon but the specialized CS produces higher rates of improvements in young female artistic gymnasts.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF YURCHENKO VAULT KINETIC AND KINEMATIC INDICATORS
Authors: Aedo-Muñoz Esteban , Diener Ligia
Published: February 2023

The aim of this article was based on determining the most relevant kinematic indicators in the Yurchenko vault technique, using the mechanical purposes of each phase as linking elements. A systematic qualitative review was carried out with an initial search of 67 scientific documents, of which 27 were selected by matching the Yurchenko key words, kinetic, kinematic and artistic gymnastics and their respective combinations. It was concluded that the main kinetic and kinematic indicators involved in this vault are: acceleration, speed, distance, displacement, trajectory, contact time, flight time, percentage of deformation and angular momentum that exert on the center of mass. The following article is proposed as a study instrument to guide in the correct direction of kinetic and kinematic factors to be considered in the effective execution of the Yurchenko vault technique.
SHORT HISTORICAL NOTES XIV
Authors: Gajdoš Anton , Babela Michal f
Published: February 2023

100 YEARS OF CZECH AND SLOVAKIA GYMNASTICS FEDERATION
WHAT MOTIVATES PEOPLE TO PARTICIPATE IN A NON-COMPETITIVE GYMNASTICS FESTIVAL? – A CASE STUDY OF WORLD GYMNAESTRADA
Authors: Marco Bortoleto , Heinen Thomas , Jun Sun , Toledo Eliana , Schiavon Laurita , Pasqua Lívia , Oliveira Mauricio , Menegaldo Fernanda
Published: February 2023

Sport participation might have very different goals, especially for non-competitive events. This study analyses the motivation of participants to join in the XV World Gymnaestrada in Helsinki in 2015, which is considered one of the largest international non-competitive gymnastics festival worldwide. Methods: The Goal Content for Exercise Questionnaire (GCEQ) was applied to 86 adults (56 female/ 30 male) and analyzed statistically. In addition, 24 short interviews were conducted and the data were analyzed by a Content Analysis. Results: “Social Affiliation” and “Skill Development” seem to be the principal motivations. Both are more important for women than for men. “Social Recognition” was also of particular relevance for the participants. Finally, the number of WG participations shows the same tendency in motivation for beginners and very experienced participants.
WEEKLY PROFILE OF TRAINING LOAD AND RECOVERY IN ELITE RHYTHMIC GYMNASTS
Authors: Debien Paula , Miloski Bernardo , Timoteo Thiago , Ferezin Camila , Filho Maurício Bara
Published: February 2023

The aim of this study is to analyze the weekly profile of internal training load (ITL) and recovery of elite rhythmic gymnasts during a season. Eight professional rhythmic gymnasts of the Brazilian senior group participated. The session rating of perceived exertion (session-RPE) and Total Quality Recovery (TQR) score were collected daily across a 37-week season. The session-RPE was collected after each session and the TQR before the first session of the day. The sum of ITL of each session of the day (dITL) and week (wITL), as well as average TQR scores, were retained for the analysis. Training monotony and strain were also recorded. For the analysis, the season was divided into preparatory period, competitive period and a period comprising the competition weeks, within the competitive period. The ITL and recovery profile were different between the days of the periods and the competition weeks. The competitive period as a whole showed higher mean wITL, dITL, and strain, and lower monotony than the others. However, during the competition weeks gymnasts presented the worst recovery and highest monotony scores, despite the lowest mean wITL and dITL. Negative correlation was found between dITL and TQR of the following day (r= -0.333; p<0.001). The ITL and recovery profile changed between the season periods and competition weeks. The training load profile of the competitive period and competition weeks did not guarantee good recovery, especially on the weekend. More variability in load magnitude is suggested, possibly including a day off, during competitive periods and competition weeks.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Čuk Ivan
Published: February 2023

Dear friends,

 

In this issue, we have ten articles with authors from Brazil, New Zealand, Australia, Sweden, Germany, the Republic of Korea, Portugal, the Czech Republic, Spain, Greece, Tunisia and Chile. The articles cover psychology, sport training, anthropometric characteristics, motor learning, kinesiology, and biomechanics. Among gymnastics disciplines, most are dealing with the man and the women artistic gymnastics, but we also have an article on the rhythmic, acrobatic and the general gymnastics.

 

Our last issue had the Olympic Games as its theme. If there is interest among researchers, we would be open to preparing another special issue on a theme e.g.  motor control in gymnastics, motor learning in gymnastics, etc.

 

Anton Gajdoš prepared another article related to the history of gymnastics, refreshing our knowledge of 100 years since the Czechoslovakian Gymnastics Federation was established.

 

Last year was special as we published a record number of articles, 34 in total. After evaluation, some articles were unfortunately rejected, mostly due to their non-gymnastics content and, in a few cases, extremely poor language. However, last year our journal saw an improvement in the h-index: in SCOPUS it is 7 and in WoS 4. As we haven’t been present in WoS for long, it will take some time to gain the same h-index in both. If we manage to publish more than 25 articles by October, we will fulfil the criteria in PUBMED to have 50 articles in a two year-span and will start the evaluation process to be included in the PUBMED.

 

We need to emphasis diligent work of reviewers and give them credit to have quality articles. All reviewers in year 2018 are listed.

 

Just to remind you, if you quote the Journal: its abbreviation on the Web of Knowledge is SCI GYMN J. I wish you pleasant reading and a lot of inspiration for new research projects and articles,
THE CODE OF POINTS AND THE CAREER DEVELOPMENT IN WOMEN´S ARTISTIC GYMNASTICS
Authors: Myrian Nunomura , Kerr Roslyn , Cervin Georgia , Schubring Astrid , Barker-Ruchti Natalie
Published: February 2023

The premise of this article is that the rules of Women´s Artistic Gymnastics (WAG) as outlined in the Code of Points significantly affect the experiences of older gymnasts in both positive and negative ways. The aim of this study was to explore the perceptions of gymnasts, coaches, and judges on the WAG rules and the body ideals, age and career length in Brazil. We draw on qualitative interviews with a sample of two coaches and seven gymnasts  from  the  Brazilian  national  team,  and  four  judges  with  international experience. Both coaches and gymnasts perceived younger bodies to be more responsive to the actual rules requirements regarding difficulty and training demands. On the other hand, older gymnasts were felt to be advantaged due to being able to perform more artistically and with less mistakes. Results will allow both the FIG and the Brazilian Gymnastics Federation to reflect on the way the demands of the Code of Points affect the experiences of gymnasts. As our article finds both the rules and the established WAG culture affect gymnasts, both needs to be considered in order to keep healthy gymnasts in the sport longer.
MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF YOUNG FEMALE ARTISTIC GYMNASTS FROM THE CZECH REPUBLIC
Authors: Kutac Petr , Jurkova Sona , Farana Roman
Published: February 2023

The aim of the study is to analyse the somatic parameters of artistic gymnasts in the pupil competition category and to compare them with the values of the general population in the corresponding age group. The study included 16 female gymnasts in the pupil category and 652 girls in the same age group, which formed the control group. Body height was measured using a stadiometer InBody BSM 370, body mass and body composition by BIA analyser InBody 770 (Biospace, South Korea). The monitored values of each gymnast we compared with the mean values of the control group at the corresponding age separately, using the normalisation index (Ni). The results of the study show that the gymnasts in the youngest competition category already differ in basic anthropometric parameters from the general population. Since the age of nine, the gymnasts have a lower body height (except for one person) and lower body weight than the girls in the general population. The body height and body mass values are below average or highly below average in nine gymnasts (56.3%). The high volume of specific physical activity of the gymnasts, included in their training, affects their body composition parameters. The gymnasts have lower body fat (%) and visceral fat (cm2), their values are below average to highly below average, and higher skeletal muscle mass (%), with values above average or highly above average.
BODY PROPORTIONALITY IN ACROBATIC GYMNASTS OF DIFFERENT COMPETITIVE CATEGORIES
Authors: Gutiérrez-Sánchez Águeda , Taboada-Iglesias Yaiza , García-Remeseiro Tania , Vernetta-Santana Mercedes
Published: February 2023

Acrobatic Gymnastics is a gymnastics discipline with a key differentiating element in terms of the role (top and base) played by the gymnasts making up the team. The establishment of the morphological profile is a determining factor as a predictor of sport performance. This study was aimed at establishing the proportional profile based on the proportionality indices of different competitive categories, and determining whether there were differences between them. The study involved 150 Spanish acrobatic gymnasts of both genders, competing nationally and internationally. The measurements were taken following the standards established by the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry. The different proportionality indices of tops and bases were analyzed, performing the comparative analysis according to the competitive categories of gymnasts. The results showed that among the female tops, there are no significant differences (p <0.05) in the analyzed variables, observing similarities in their proportionality. In all of the categories, both tops and bases have short upper and lower extremities in relation to the classification of these indices. The medium trunk length predominates in all categories except for the men’s pair. Most gymnasts have a trunk of an intermediate shape, except in certain cases, when it has a trapezoid shape (tops in women's pairs and bases in men's and mixed pairs). A difference between arm span and height is observed in both tops and bases, according to their competitive category. The results suggest paying attention to these slight differences in body proportionality, in order to guide gymnasts toward a specific competitive category.
EFFECTS OF PRACTICE STYLE ON A COMPLEX GYMNASTICS SKILL PERFORMANCE OF HIGH-, MEDIUM-, AND LOW-SKILLED LEARNERS
Authors: Proios Michalis
Published: February 2023

This study examined the effect of the practice style of teaching in teaching a complex gymnastic skill and compared the achievements of low, medium and high skilled learners on motor skill performance. 46 students of the first highschool grade aged 12-14 years, of two classes, were taught using practice style of teaching the handstand forward roll during (12) lessons, 30 minutes each, 2 times per week. The skill performance has been recorded and evaluated prior, post and two weeks after the end of the program. Based on the initial compound measurement scores, students were grouped into three equal groups of low, medium and high skill. The 3 x 3 analysis of variance (skill level group x test), with repeated measurements in the last factor showed that all the groups have improved their performance both in outcome (quantitative measurement) and in technique (qualitative measurement) of the handstand forward roll and that there were significant effects for the learners’ skill level. This study showed that low skilled learners improved to a greater extent, compared to those of medium and high skill, particularly as for the skill outcome.
Central North Bulgaria during the Jurassic
Authors: Sapunov Ivo , Tchoumatchenco Platon , Atanasov A. , Marinkov A.
Published: February 2023

During the Early-Middle Jurassic Central North Bulgaria belonged to the Moesian Early-Middle Jurassic Platform. Even as early as the Hettangian it gradually started sinking. As a result of this a marine ingression started over its lowermost grabens. Within limited areas the marine ingression was preceded by continental accumulation of swamp and lake sediments. The link between the marine basin and the Vardar Ocean was the strait along the Tundža Diagonal Early-Middle Jurassic Fault-Angle Valley (=tilt-block basin) which was orientated towards the southeast-northwest. The fault-angle valley demarcated the Thracian Massif in the west·from the West Pontids in the east, which were presented by the Zlatarski Exotic Ridge and by its northern shelf. Between the Zlatarski Ridge in the south and the Moesian Platform in the north lay the Matorian Early-Middle Jurassic Flysch Trough (Fig. 20). The Early-Middle Jurassic marine transgression gradually spread all over the Moesian Platform to reach its maximum at the end of Callovian. Thus the detached epicontinental basin became a place of terrigenous and terrigenous-carbonate sedimentation, the depths being within the limits of the shelf, i.e. down to about 200 m. From the beginning of Callovian in the marine basin started a stage of bathymetric diferentiation, which was a result of a notable rearrangement of paleotectonic structures. Thus the central part of the homogenous by that time Moesian Early-Middle Jurassic Platform faulted and sank. This led to the differentiation of two independent platforms – the Western Moesian Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous Carbonate Platform and the Eastern Moesian Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous Carbonate Platform which were separated by the Central Moesian Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous Basin. The Niš-Trojan Late Callovian-Valanginian Flysch Trouglt was gradually formed south of them. During the Callovian the Tunža Fault-Angle Valley did not exist any more. As a result of that the Thracian Massif joined the West Pontids and the adjoining Matorids. All these together became a source land to the Niš-Trojan Flysch Trough (Fig. 25). By means of this trough the link to the east with the Vardar Ocean was realized. While over the carbonate platforms the environments were very shallow-water (depths of the order of 10–20 m), in the basin, where pelagic limestones deposited, the depths were of the order of 150–300 m. In the lowermost parts of the flysch trough the depths reached the lower part of the epibathyal, i.e. – 500-600 m.
K-Ar dating of ophiolites from Rhodes and Karpathos islands, Dodekanese, Greece
Authors: Hatzipanagiotou Konstantin
Published: February 2023

Geochronology of the ophiolites of Rhodes and Karpathos islands, Dodecanese, Greece, has been done by dating mineral concentrates from magmatic (hornblende gabbros) and metamorphic rocks at the base of ophiolites (amphibolites) by the K-Ar metnod. The dated rocks come from a heterogeneous chaotic mixture of the ophiolitic melange. K–Ar dating revealed different ages for the magmatic and metamorphic rocks, that is 82–88 Ma (Upper Cretaceous) and 160–180 Ma (Middle Jurassic), respectively. Based on these results, the ophiolites of Rhodes and Karpathos can be connected to the Upper Cretaceous ophiolite belt of the Taurides, on the one hand, and the Middle Jurassic one of the HellenidesDinarides, on the other. These two islands therefore have an intermediate position between the ophiolite belts of Taurides to the northeast and Hellenides-Dinarides to the northwest.
Hydrochemical classification of ground waters in Northeast Bulgaria
Authors: Dimitrov Dobri , Machkova Marta , Velikov Borislav
Published: February 2023

The present paper deals with the regional classification of hydrochemical information on 341 water samples from different aquifers in Northeastern Bulgaria, the analysis of which is carried out in situ (pH, T oC, CO2, ϰ) or by standard analytical methods for the other chemical ingredients. Modern methodology, based on multivaried methods for statistical (cluster and discriminant) analysis applying microcomputer technique, is used.
Hydrogeothermal conditions of Northwest Bulgaria
Authors: Stanev Ivan , Vesselinov Strahil
Published: February 2023

The hydrogeothermal conditions of the main thermal water-bearing horizons in Northwest Bulgaria are considered. Besides the hydrogeothermal maps compiled and the description of the thermal water-bearing horizons, a criterion is established which is used for determination the boundary between recent infiltration water-bearing systems and elision ones on the one hand, and on the other hand – with postelision water-bearing systems of the Moesian and Gethian artesian basins. A space distribution of the natural water-bearing and thermal water-bearing systems is made on the basis of these hydrothermal studies. The vertical and horizontal zonality of the above systems is also studied.
Principles of the Lower Cretaceous lithostratigraphy in Bulgaria
Authors: Nikolov Todor , Ruskova Nikolina , Khrischev Khrischo
Published: February 2023

The Lower Cretaceous deposits are widespread in North Bulgaria: in the Fore-Balkan, the Transitional Zone, and the Moesian Platform. The scheme of the formal lithostratigraphic units includes 37 Formations and has been elaborated for all this territory on the basis of outcrops and numerous boreholes. Four Groups (West-Balkan Carbonatic Group, Central-Balkan Flysch Group, Vraca Urgonian Group and Loveč Urgonian Group) consist of 19 Formations, and the other 18 Formations are independent. A total of 15 Members has been introduced within 9 of the Formations. The composition and interrelations of tbe lithostratigraphic units reflect the inhomogeneities and the different tendencies of the development of tile Early Cretaceous basin. The most expressive facies boundary in the west-east direction is the so-called Jablanica Line. West of it, carbonatic and marly deposits predominate in the Fore-Balkan. The carbonatic Formations belong to the West-Balkan Carbonatic Group and the Vraca Urgonian Group. The Salaš Formation is built up of clayey limestones and marls, and is widespread in the West Fore-Balkan, as well as in the western part of .the Moesian Platform. The asymmetry of the basin with a dry land as source region to the south of it, is clearly outlined to the east of the Jablanica Line, within: the Central and East Fore-Balkan and the adjacent Transitional Zone. This character of the basin controlled a facies differentiation with development of predominantly terrigeneous units in the south, and of carbonatic and marly units, to the north. This difference is expressed at its best at the lower levels of the Lower Cretaceous where units of the Central-Balkan Flysch Group are interfingering with units of the West-Balkan Carbonatic Group. The lateral transition takes place within the Transitional Zone. At higher stratigrapic levels (Hauterivian - Aptian) the asymmetry is expressed into a horizontal transition of terrigenous non-flysch deposits (Kamchija Formation and Roman Formation) with predominantly marly deposits (Gorna-Orjahovica and Trâmbeš Formations) to the north. A specific feature is the presence of Urgonian deposits in the Transitional Zone (Loveč Urgonian Group). At both sides of its development area, fans of the terrigeneous deposits of the Roman Formation are traced towards north. They are bounded to the Iskar (at the west) and Etar (to the east) depressions. Urgonian limestones occur also within the Moesian Platform in the area of Ruse (Ruse Formation). The highest (Albian) levels of the Lower Cretaceous section have been observed only in northwest Bulgaria. They are represented by the marls of the Sumer Formation, the glauconitic predominantly sandy deposits of Malo Peštene Formation, and the marls of Rabiša Formation.
Lithostratigraphy and deformations in the Palaeogene sediments from the western and middle parts of the Forebalkan and Stara-Pianina range mountains
Authors: Aladžova-Khrischeva Kina , Nedjalkova Lili , Tzankov Tzanko
Published: February 2023

The following lithostratigraphic units are introduced: the Iztočnik Formation with the Beljane Member (Lower Eocene), the Pavolče Forfnation (Lower Eocene), the Bojnica Formation (Lower Eocene), the Lukovit Formation with the Âglen Member (Lower and Middle Eocene), the Staropatica Formation (Lower and Middle Eocene) and the Ugârčin Formation (Middle Eocene). The uppermost parts of the Kajlaka Formation have probably an Early Palaeocene Age. All the Palaeogene lithologic bodies represent relics of the sediments in the South Margin of the Late Maastrichtian – Early Palaeocene marine basin, of the shallow·water Nordbulgarian Late Palaeocene marine basin and of the Forebalkan subprovince (with a trough sedimentation) and the Stara-Pianina subprovince (with a more littoral sedimentation) of the Early and Middle Eocene Lower Danube basin. In the investigated area relics of the Early Laramian deformatons are not established. Fragments of the Middle Laramian, Late Laramian and lllirian structural plans have been determined. There are considerable differences between the Middle Laramian and the Illirian fold generations. The Early Illirian folding has been followed by the allozonal and autozonal overthrustings. All these tectonic events have taken place on the rear part of the Southern active continental margin of the European continent (in particular Moesian plate).
Magma chamber structures in the East Rhodopes – geophysical characteristic and metallogenic significimce
Authors: Yosifov Dimcho
Published: February 2023

Chamber structures of Paleogene magmatism are a characteristic element of the structure or collisional depressions in the East Rhodopes. The following larger chamber structures are distinguished as circular heterogeneities of a 'different' type and class in the geophysical fields: Borovitsa, Zvezdel-Krumovgrad, Madzharovo and Lozen. Except for the Zvezdel-Krumovgrad structure the others coincide, in their larger part, with gravitation minima or occupy parts of them like Madzharovo caldera. In the magnetic field they are an ensemble of local anomalies, circular in shape and of different polarlties. In accord with the magnetic field morphology, the Zveztlel-Krumovgrad siructure consists of two partially overlapping chamber structures. Besides that, within their range sharply enhanced concentrations of potassium-40 – have been established. The petrophysical analysis and interpretation of geophysical fields show that the chamber structures lie in tectonic nodes - areas of crossing of depth magma-conduit faults. They are characterized by enhanced endogenous activity – high tectonic dynamics, intensive magmatic hydrothermal metasomatic activity. Mineralization often develops against this background. Lead-zinc deposits and ore fields determining the metallogenic nature of the East Rhodopes are directly connected with the chamber structures considered above. Geophysical data show that certain industrial deposits practically lie within the area of intermediate magmatites and even in the immediate proximity of their largest centres. All this corroborates the concept about the lead-zinc mineralization most probably being in a paragenetic relation with intermediate Upper Eocene and Oligocene collision magmatism.
ISSUES IN PAKISTAN’S DIRECT TAXES: AN EXAMINATION OF THE RECENT PROBLEMS IN THE INCOME TAX ORDINANCE, 2001
Authors:   University Law College, University of the Punjab  Lahore – Pakistan, Shouzab Ali , Yasin Abida ,   University Law College, University of the Punjab Lahore – Pakistan, Sultan Taimoor Raza ,   University Law College, University of the Punjab Lahore – Pakistan
Published: February 2023

Pakistan is amongst the countries with reliance on indirect taxes more than the direct taxes, as far as the revenue collection from tax is concerned. Being a law dynamic in nature, income tax law in Pakistan undergoes several changes in a tax year; some proving to be useful while others problematic. In either case, there are some flaws exposed due to reliance of each statutory provision over the others. As of the tax year 2022, there are several problems including tax on deemed income, super tax, active taxpayers list, recharacterization of income, withholding taxes, presumptive taxation and some procedural aspects. This paper tends to examine the legal aspects all of these problems with reference to their relevant provisions of law and also aims at providing pragmatic solutions and recommendations that may be adopted for a better system of direct taxes in Pakistan. Keywords: direct taxes, deemed income, active taxpayer, MTR, PTR, audit, amendment of assessments, unexplained income or assets, intra-vires doctrine, tax reforms.
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN IN PAKISTAN: TO WHAT EXTENT PAKISTAN FULFILLED ITS INTERNATIONAL PLEDGE
Authors:   Institute of Law, Lahore-IR, School of Integrated Social Sciences, UOL, Lahore-Centre for Security, Strategy and Policy Research Lahore Pakistan, Abbas Rashida , Bilal Fazal Elahi ,   KEMU, Lahore-IR, School of Integrated Social Sciences, UOL, Lahore-Centre for Security, Strategy and Policy Research Lahore Pakistan, Rashid Muhammad Akif ,   IR, School of Integrated Social Sciences, UOL, Lahore-Centre for Security, Strategy and Policy Research Lahore Pakistan
Published: February 2023

According to a guidebook published by Sarsabz Foundation, "Sexual preference violence has been the most common and least acknowledged abuse to the women rights in Pakistan." Gender-based abuse, according to Sarsabz, "takes numerous shapes and tints and is prevalent across all strata." During every point in life, women are vulnerable to assault." Violence against women is a major issue in Pakistan, according to statistics collected by the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan (HRCP) in 2010. In 2010, around 1,790 women were murdered, with 1,076 being slain by their spouses, fathers, siblings, children, in-laws, and other families. These are not just large figures, but they also exclude a large number of cases that never get recorded or exposed publicly. It is also made apparent in the HRCP report. The Aurat Foundation's results, which are based on the HRCP's statistics, are a forerunner organization in Pakistan that focuses on issues impacting women. Women's and girls' violence is exhibited in layers of multifaceted, interconnected, and repeating forms. Physical, sexual, psychological, emotional, and financial abuse and exploitation can occur in both private and public areas, and is based on situational and socio-cultural circumstances. Women are subjected to violence in many forms and settings throughout their lives. Girls are frequently subjected to various sorts of assault. The effect of abuse against females is viewed as a societal pandemic with implications that extend beyond the victim's physical and psychological traumas. The Pakistani government is fully aware of the problem's long-term effects on the direct family, community, and civilization as a whole. Keywords: Women issues, Domestic, Violence, Violence against Women, Pakistan.
SYMBOLISM OF ZOOMORPHIC DEPICTIONS IN THE BEADS COLLECTION OF TAXILA MUSEUM, PAKISTAN
Authors:   Taxila Institute of Asian Civilizations, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad Pakistan, Khan Maria , Hakim Gulzar ,   Taxila Institute of Asian Civilizations, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad Pakistan, Rahman Ghani-ur- ,   Taxila Institute of Asian Civilizations, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
Published: February 2023

This research paper investigates the animal beads in Taxila Museum and attempts to trace their significance in the belief system of ancient Gandhara region. Amongst the artefacts found from Taxila, beads are the most commonly found antiquities. The present researchers, thus, felt it necessary to study the neglected aspect of beads’ study in the perspective of religious practices in this cultural region. The subject is presented in four parts: the first part of introduction, explains the geographical and historical background of Taxila; the second part describes the classification based on material, art, techniques, and diversity of zoomorphic depictions; third part discusses the symbolic religious significance; while the fourth part is added as the inventory of beads; which leads towards the conclusion of this study. The discussion is aided with figures attached at the end of this paper. Keywords: Beads, Zoomorphic Representation, Taxila, Gandhara.
POST-COLONIAL ECO-CRITICAL CONCERNS IN D.H. LAWRENCE’S POST-WAR NOVELS
Authors:   Department of English, Hazara University, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan, Shakoor Abdul , Ahmad Mustanir ,   Department of English, Hazara University, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
Published: February 2023

Post-colonial eco-criticism examines the impact of colonization on indigenous life, culture, and environment in pre-colonial societies. It analyses how the natural environment, in the colonized regions, is exploited, degraded, contaminated, and destroyed in the process of colonization. D.H. Lawrence, disillusioned by the accesses of modern industrial civilization, is fascinated by the vital and potent cultures of the primitive societies which offered a better alternative to degenerate European existence. He, especially in his later works, idealizes the primitive modes of life and presents a critique of barren European culture. Such dissatisfaction with collapsing European civilization and glorification of foreign primitive cultures led him to a decolonizing vision reflected in his post-war fiction where he offers a serious commentary on imperialism. Colonialism, for him is means of exploitation, an unnecessary intrusion, and a threat to the vitality of primitive cultures, a source of disintegration in traditional modes of life and an important cause of eco-environmental disruption in the colonized world. This article attempts to analyse Lawrence's post-war fiction from a post-colonial eco-critical perspective by employing a qualitative research approach and the theoretical frameworks of post-colonial and eco-critical theories. Keywords: Colonialism, Imperialism, Postcolonialism, Eco-criticism, Postcolonial eco-criticism.
TALKING SUBALTERNS: AN INTERPLAY OF SUBALTERNITY AND MAGICAL REALISM IN SING, UNBURIED, SING
Authors:   Air university Islamabad Pakistan, Waheed Urooj , . Kifayatullah ,   English Language and Literature University of Chitral Pakistan, Farooq Muhammad ,   Department of Linguistics the University of Haripur, Haripur Pakistan
Published: February 2023

The study proposes that in the novel Sing, Unburied, Sing, Jesmyn Ward employs the device of magical realism to make the subalterns’ narrative distinct from the representation of the black community found in dominant discourse. By tracing the African roots of magical realism and further using this indigenous device to discover the allegedly erased history, the article responds to Spivak’s claim that Subaltern cannot speak because they do not have history. The Article further maintains its claim that subaltern can talk by establishing a supporting framework based on the theoretical opinions of Gramsci and Harish Trivedi. The article finds that the deadlock that Spivak’s otherwise interesting concept of subaltern creates, is resolved by Ward through the use of Magical Realism, and that the suppressed ones can only avoid this charge of Spivak that ability to speak disarm the representative of subaltern of its own subaltern identity, by coining their own means of narration. Keywords: subaltern, African Fiction, slavery, magical realism
INTERNET ADDICTION AND EMOTIONAL BEHAVIORAL PROBLEMS AMONG ADOLESCENTS
Authors:   Department of Psychology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan, Kausar Noreena , Mazhar Maria ,   Department of Psychology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan, . Sonia ,   Department of Sociology, University of Gujrat Gujrat, Pakistan
Published: February 2023

The present study aimed to find the relationship between internet addiction and emotional-behavioral problems among adolescents through a cross-sectional survey research design. A sample of 1000 students from Gujrat and Lalamusa, Pakistan, were chosen using a multistage stratified sampling technique. Data were gathered by using the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and the Emotional and Behavioral Problem Scale (EBPS). The findings disclosed that there is a significant correlation between internet addiction and emotional-behavioral problems among adolescents (r=.81, p=.01). Results show boys were more addicted to the internet than girls, hence the former experience more emotional-behavioral problems than the later ones. Moreover, adolescents studying in private institutes and using the internet for entertainment purposes were also more addicted to the internet and had higher levels of emotional-behavioral problems than the others. The results exhibited that internet addiction significantly predicted emotional-behavioral problems among adolescents [R 2 =.68; F (1, 998) = 2150.22, p=.01]. The outcome of the study highlighted the negative effects of excessive internet usage and concluded that internet addiction can trigger emotional and behavioral problems among adolescents. Hence, unhealthy use of the internet interferes with the healthy emotional and behavioral functioning of adolescents. Keywords: Internet Addiction; emotional-behavioral problems; adolescents; gender; social media
PEDAGOGY OF THE OPPRESSED: PAULO FREIRE’S PEDAGOGIC CRITIQUE OF POETRY-1 SYLLABUS AT MATERS LEVEL (ENGLISH) AT UNIVERSITY OF SWABI, PAKISTAN
Authors:   University of Swabi Pakistan, Gul Sania , Shah Farooq ,   Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, . Kifayatullah ,   Department of English Language and Literature University of Chitral, Pakistan
Published: February 2023

This paper aims to evaluate the students’ feedback of Poetry course. This course includes a total of thirty-four poems of prominent poets ranging from the 14th century till18th century. The course contents are annexed as A. This study will evaluate the pedagogical appropriateness of the overall course and with a zero lecture in the course to critically evaluate the pedagogical appropriateness of the following four poems in particular. The study also aims at the evaluation of the course design to see whether management of course curriculum has an impact on the course overall success. The study applied the theory of ‘Pedagogic Critique’ presented and explicated in the work of Paulo Freire titled as ‘Pedagogy of the Oppressed (Paulo Freire, 2000)’. Freire explains that power dynamics behind everything determines the way how any educational course and setting get underway and proceeded. Books, according to him, are never rated beyond their scope until they are associated with their expected readers and audience (Patton, 2017). The study finds out a mixture of complicated feedback from the students who appeared in their MA English course. The study was devised through a questionnaire indexed at the end of the paper. Their feedback was analysed and the conclusion was made. Most of the students through a resultant questionnaire were unable to reply exactly to the course they read and some of the students could not appropriately connect their initial aptitude to the courses they read and what they had initially antipiated. The study also finds out that some of the students selected their course vaguely without having any firsthand knowledge about they would later on study. Prologue to the Canterbury Tales were considered to be most complicated course since it has a little complicated archaic diction, whereas Spencer’s Faerie Queene was considered through a feedback to be outmoted and less universally applied to modern teaching practicum and literary pragmatics. Most pragmatic and creative work that was recommended and liked by both the teachers and studetns was ‘Paradise Lost’. The study eventually conludes that the potery-1 course should stand modied and there is a lot of room for research on this aspect. The course needs an overhauling to better engineer it for the students’ comprehension and understability. Keywords: Pedagogy; poetry; syllabus; Pakistan
ISLAMOPHOBIA IN CANADA: THE ROLE OF CANADIAN NEWSPAPERS IN SHAPING ATTITUDES TOWARDS ISLAM AND MUSLIMS
Authors:   International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan., Ali Mahboob , Iqbal Zafar ,   International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan., Din Jamal ud ,   Department of Media & Communication Studies, University of Swat Pakistan
Published: February 2023

The issue of Islamophobia got attention from researchers, academicians and journalist for the last three decades However the issue got enormous attention after the Twin Towers were attacked on 9/11, 2001, in USA. This study examines how media portray the issue of Islamophobia. For that purpose, two leading newspapers of Canada namely Globe and Mail and Toronto Star selected for content analysis. This study uses content analysis by selecting the articles published on Islamophobia in two leading newspapers of Canada namely The Toronto Star and The Globe & Mail for a period of three months (January to March 2017). There are several parts of a newspaper that are analyzed (i.e. stories, content framing, priming and overall structure). In the first step, we go through the newspaper and identify all the stories. In the second stage, we identify the framing and priming of the stories and articles on Islamophobia. The main focus of this study is to examine the framing of the stories related to Muslims and Islamophobia in Toronto Star and The Globe & Mail newspapers. Moreover, this study concentrated on issue of Islamophobia before and after the Quebec Mosque attack. The main results of the study show that during this period, the negative stories published on Islamophobia are more evident from Toronto Star and Globe and Mail newspaper despite the fact that both newspapers are liberal according to their theme of the stories. As compare to Globe and Mail, Toronto Star published more articles on Islamophobia. Keywords: Islamophobia, Attitudes, Content Analysis
“A man who was a hospital” CYBERCHONDRIA: ONLINE HEALTH INFORMATION AND ESCALATION OF HEALTH ANXIETY
Authors:   Mass Communication, Lahore College for Women University. Pakistan, Asgher Shabana , Latif Faiza ,   Public Relations and Advertising Department, SCS, University of the Punjab, Lahore Pakistan, Ajam Dur-e- ,   Department of Mass Communication, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore. Pakistan
Published: February 2023

World Wide Web provides massive amount of health oriented information. The inclination of using internet to get information on health is also all-embracing. Particularly women are found to be the heavy users of online health information (OHI) both for ‘Curative health information’ (CHI) and ‘Preventive health information’ (PHI). This trend is reported to escalate in pandemic like situations due to many factors including increased dependency on online sources. Online health information helps people to have an idea of the health issues and diseases which they probably can be diagnosed with on the basis of their symptoms. Additionally, it can also assist people to have a better understanding of health and illness and provide them with possible explanations for symptoms. Contrariwise, using symptoms as indicators leading to online search can also have undesirable consequences, for example; increase in the anxiety in people. This phenomenon is called cyberchondria, which has recently gained substantial attention from scholars in health communication field. From among the other featured variables in studies on OHI, eHealth literacy is a significant one. There is a huge amount of literature available on established relationship between eHealth literacy and certain aspects of OHI including trust. However, the aspect that how and to what extent factors (eHealth literacy, age and health status of the user) can marginalize the Cyberchondria effects has had little scholarly attention. This study attempts to fill this gap. A survey from 1000 female users of OHI measured eHealth literacy using eHEALS scale and the relationship between the selected variables. Results showed insignificant positive association between ehealth literacy and Cyberchondria (Kendall’s Tau-b= 0.044, p-value=0.294) at 5% level of significance. Negative insignificant association was observed between age of respondents and cyberchondria (Kendall’s Tau-c= -0.057, p-value=0.123). Similarly, the association between health status of respondents and cyberchondria was also found insignificantly negative (Kendall’s Tau-c= -0.065, p-value=0.081). The study showed that eHealth literacy was not found to have association with cyberchondria among users whereas; it established the association of age and health status with cyberchondria. Although the difference was found in direction and signigicance of this relationship. Keywords: Online health information (OHI), eHealth Literacy, Cyberchondria. Online health research (OHR).
DOCTRINE OF JUDICIAL REVIEW: CONSTITUTIONAL STUDY OF AMERICAN LEGAL SYSTEM
Authors:   University Law College, University of the Punjab, Lahore – Pakistan, Yasin Abida , Sultan Taimoor Raza ,   University Law College, University of the Punjab, Lahore – Pakistan, Chattha Ali Haider ,   University Law College, University of the Punjab, Lahore – Pakistan
Published: February 2023

The paper comprehensively highlights the contours of Judicial Review, along with historical evolution of doctrine in United States of America. It also attempts to discuss transformative tendencies of judiciary from being a reticent institution to an interventionist one. Furthermore, it extensively dilates upon the conceptual anomalies of judicial review along with its ever-expanding scope in executive and legislative realm. Lastly, it holistically examines the practical limitations as well as philosophical constraints of the concept.
VIRTUAL REALITY AS A MARKETING TOOL TO DRIVE CONSUMER DECISION-MAKING
Authors:   Department of Management Sciences, University of Wah, Pakistan-Department of Management, University of Malaya, Malaysia, Shahab Hamza , Shahzad Farhan ,   Department of Management Sciences, University of Wah, Pakistan, Yasin Ghulam ,   Department of Management Sciences, University of Wah, Pakistan
Published: February 2023

Virtual reality (VR) has emerged as a tool for helping tourism marketers in forming realistic customer expectations. Extant literature is available on the technological adoption of VR in business-related fields like marketing and tourism. Still, a gap exists in studying decision-making to visit a destination and attitude towards a tourism destination. This study attempts to cover the gap by investigating decision-making behaviour with respect to VR for selecting a tourism destination. Individuals' decision-making is based on a cognitive or emotional approach; therefore, Elaboration Likelihood Model is used in this research to understand consumer decision-making. Eight face-to-face interviews were conducted from students to identify the most unfamiliar destination. Field experimentation was used to collect data from 216 Malaysian students; one group experienced VR, and another watched a video. The results reveal that the information quality (cognitive approach) of VR plays a significant role in attitudinal change. On the contrary, video positively influences the attitude through information quality and source credibility, but its intensity is low compared to VR. This research makes a substantial contribution for VR marketers to focus on informational aspects while developing a prototype of VR. Keywords: Virtual reality; elaboration likelihood model; tourism marketing; decision-making; field experimentation.