bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rapid and Scar Free Wound Repair by Using a Biologically Flexible and Conductive Dressing Under Electrical Stimulation
Authors: Yang Shuo‐Bing , Yuan Zheng‐Dong , Wang Tong‐Tong , Huang Jing , Wang Wei , Li Ting , Wang Yang , Dong Wei‐Fu , Yuan Feng‐Lai
Published: June 2024

Abnormal healing following skin injury, such as slow healing and scar formation, can significantly affect an individual's life. Complex treatment methods and cumbersome instruments have reduced the efficacy of treating such diseases. In this study, a novel biocompatible liquid metal (LM) composite wound dressing (LGPU) is designed by synthesizing polyurea polyurethane (PU) and blending it with LM modified with glutathione (GSH), a bioactive three‐peptide compound. The effects of external electrical stimulation (ES) on wound‐induced hair follicle neogenesis are explored. The dressings exhibited a few important properties, including conductivity, high stretchability, recyclability, and, most importantly, excellent self‐healing capacity, owing to the liquid nature of the LM fillers and the highly dynamic characteristics of hydrogen bonds. Furthermore, the combination therapy with LGPU and ES promoted fibroblast migration and accelerated wound healing. The wounds treated with the combination therapy fully healed in nine days, while the wounds in the blank group are still in a scabbing state. Remarkably, this treatment method can activate the regeneration and healthy growth of hair follicles at the site of injury, which is beneficial for reducing wound scarring. Collectively, this innovative therapy provides a facile strategy to accelerate skin wound healing and achieve scar‐free repair.
Regulating the Crystallization of FAPbI3‐Based Perovskite with a Furan Substituted Ethylammonium Additive for Achieving Highly Efficient Solar Cells
Authors: Zhao Chenxu , Zhang Qi , Lyu Yongao , Liu Jing , Shen Fan , Liu Huijing , Kong Hao , Han Huifang , Krishna Anurag , Xu Jia , Zhang Hong , Yao Jianxi
Published: June 2024

Efficient manipulation of crystallization and control over defects are crucial for optimizing the performance and durability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this study, a novel organic multifunctional additive, 2‐(furan‐3‐yl)ethanamine hydrochloride (FFEACl), is introduced which plays a pivotal role in regulating the crystallization process of FAPbI3. Incorporating FFEACl into the perovskite precursor solution effectively suppresses the formation of undesirable non‐perovskite phase impurities while promoting the oriented crystallization of the α‐phase FAPbI3. Moreover, the addition of FFEACl leads to a more uniform surface potential and reduced defect density in the resulting FAPbI3 film. Consequently, the top‐performing PSC exhibits an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.41%, along with enhanced operational stability. Notably, the fabricated PSCs maintain over 80% of their initial PCE even after 1000 h of continuous operation under one‐sun illumination. The findings present a facile and effective strategy for fabricating perovskite photovoltaic devices with exceptional performance and long‐term reliability.
Highly Planar Oligomeric Acceptor Enables Efficiency over 18% with Synergistically Enhanced VOC and Light Absorption
Authors: Shen Xiangyu , Lai Xue , Lai Hanjian , Wang YunPeng , Li Heng , Ou Meihong , He Feng
Published: June 2024

The highly planar molecular structure is conducive to electron delocalization, thus facilitating efficient charge transport. A new thiophene terminal‐linked dimerized small‐molecular acceptor (DSMA), DTY‐2Cl, is synthesized, which achieves high planarity with a bithiophene linkage. The results of theoretical calculation and single crystal analysis of regional configuration demonstrate that the twisting angle between the bithiophene binding unit of DTY‐2Cl is almost zero. Devices based on DTY‐2Cl:D18 show an outstanding photoelectric performance with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.06% and excellent device stability. It is worth noting that DTY‐2Cl exhibits a redshifted absorption of up to 840 nm, which is rare among DSMAs, and DTY‐2Cl‐based devices obtain a VOC of 0.913 V, thus achieving a win‐win situation of redshifted absorption and high VOC. These results indicate that using bithiophene instead of biphenyl to optimize the planarity of oligomer acceptors is an effective strategy and provide a new idea for the improvement of subsequent materials.
Alternative Metallic Fillers for the Preparation of Conductive Nanoinks for Sustainable Electronics
Authors: Corrales‐Pérez Belén , Díaz‐Ufano Carlos , Salvador María , Santana‐Otero Antonio , Veintemillas‐Verdaguer Sabino , Beni Valerio , Morales María del Puerto
Published: June 2024

The development of electronics with net zero carbon emissions through more efficient and environmentally friendly materials and processes is still a challenge. Here, alternative chemical synthesis routes of metal conductive nanoparticles, based on biodegradable materials are explored, such as nickel, iron–nickel alloy and iron nanoparticles, to be used, in the long term, as fillers in inks for inject printing. Thus, Ni and FeNi metal nanoparticles of 25–12 nm, forming aggregates of 614–574 nm, respectively, are synthesized in water in the presence of a polyol and a reducing agent and under microwave heating that enables a more uniform and fast heating. Iron nanoparticles of 120 ± 40 nm are synthesized in polyol that limits the aggregation and the oxidation degree. Commercial metal nanoparticles of iron and nickel, are coated with ethylene glycol and used for comparison. The conductivity of nanoparticles when pressed into pellets remains similar for both commercial and synthesized samples. However, when deposited on a strip line and heated, synthesized Ni, FeNi, and Fe nanoparticles show significant conductivity and interesting magnetic properties. It is demonstrated that the nanosize facilitates sintering at reduced temperatures and the capping agents prevent oxidation, resulting in promising conductive fillers for printed electronic applications.
Charge Accumulation Effect Enabled by a Bioinspired Self‐lubricating Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Both High Average Power Density and Long Durability
Authors: Chen Ai , Zeng Qixuan , Tan Liming , Wang Tingyu , Xu Fan , Wang Jian , Tao Xingming , Yang Yuchen , Wang Xue
Published: June 2024

Recently through the synergetic utilization of triboelectrification, electrostatic induction, and electrostatic discharge, a novel dual‐functional triboelectric nanogenerator (DF‐TENG) has been developed, which can not only generate a motion‐responsible alternating current/ direct current output but also provide a higher performance compared to traditional TENGs. However, further improvements in performance and lifespan are crucial and remain challenging for the future large‐scale application of this new‐type TENG. Herein, a novel bioinspired self‐lubricating prototype is presented (BS‐TENG), which employs a porous polyurethane (PU) matrix impregnated with a low‐viscosity dielectric lubricant. In response to external mechanical stimuli, the BS‐TENG can “secrete” pre‐stored lubricant to partially fill micro‐gaps between tribo‐layers, thus forming self‐lubrication. This self‐lubricating mechanism not only elevates the electrostatic discharge threshold between tribo‐layers to maximize charge accumulation, thereby facilitating efficient energy release through electrostatic discharge for enhanced power output, but also significantly reduces material abrasion and realizes superior output durability. Benefiting from this effect, the BS‐TENG delivers an average power density of up to 4.6 W m−2, with extraordinary stability to retain 99% of its initial output even after over 60 000 cycles. This work provides a straightforward and effective strategy for realizing high‐performance and long‐stability TENGs, paving the way for their practical applications.
Phosphor‐Loaded Triboelectric Film‐Based Multipurpose Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Highly‐Efficient Energy Harvesting, Sensing, and Self‐Illumination Applications
Authors: Paranjape Mandar Vasant , Lee Jun Kyu , Manchi Punnarao , Graham Sontyana Adonijah , Kurakula Anand , Kavarthapu Venkata Siva , Yu Jae Su
Published: June 2024

A novel approach is proposed for combining phosphor materials with triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) for mechanical energy harvesting and illumination applications. For this purpose, strongly reddish‐orange‐emitting Ba0.5Sr0.5Nb2O6:0.25 mol Eu3+ (BSNb:0.25Eu) phosphor materials are synthesized. The photoluminescence properties of the synthesized BSNb:0.25Eu are analyzed. The synthesized BSNb:0.25Eu is utilized as a dielectric filler inside a polydimethylsiloxane polymeric film due to its high dielectric properties to improve the overall dielectric properties of the composite film (CF). TENG devices are fabricated using phosphor‐loaded CFs as the tribonegative layer, transparent polyvinyl alcohol as the tribopositive layer, and aluminum as the conductive electrode. All the TENGs operate in a contact‐separation mode, and the highest electrical output is attained by optimizing the phosphor filler concentration in the CF. The optimized TENG exhibits excellent stability in long‐term operational tests, under varying harsh ambient temperatures. Indium tin oxide sputtered on both triboelectric films as an electrode and combined with a transparent hard substrate to obtain a fully transparent TENG. A self‐illuminating TENG (SI‐TENG) is fabricated by integrating near‐ultraviolet light‐emitting diodes between two identical TENGs. The SI‐TENG can harvest the mechanical energy available in the surrounding environment and illuminate it as a light source. Additionally, the proposed phosphor‐loaded polymer films can be employed for optical thermometry and mechanical energy harvesting via SI‐TENG on a large scale.
In Situ Hybrid Crosslinking Polymerization of Nanoparticles for Composite Polymer Electrolytes to Achieve Highly‐Stable Solid Lithium–Metal Batteries
Authors: Mu Kexin , Dong Weiliang , Xu Weijian , Song Zhennuo , Wang Ruixue , Wu Liuyishun , Li Hong , Liu Qiang , Zhu Caizhen , Xu Jian , Tian Lei
Published: June 2024

The composite solid electrolyte, which combines the advantages of inorganic conductors and organic polymer electrolytes, has become a crucial strategy for the construction of solid‐state batteries. However, the physical deposition and agglomeration of traditional composite fillers seriously affect their structural uniformity and ion transport performance, and the construction of uniform and stable composite electrolytes is still an insurmountable challenge. Herein, a strategy of in situ hybrid crosslinking polymerization of TiO2 nanoparticles is proposed for highly stable polymer composite electrolytes (NHCPE) with an ultrahigh ionic conductivity of 1.74 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 25 °C, and a high lithium‐ion transference number of 0.725. These properties enable the composed lithium symmetric battery to be stably deposited/plating off at 0.5 mA cm−2 for more than 1000 h. Moreover, the assembled LFP|PDOL@nanoTiO2|Li battery exhibits a superior specific discharge capacity of 142.6 mAh g−1 at 1 C and 25 °C, and an ultrahigh capacity retention rate of 90% after 1000 cycles. The proposed PDOL@nanoTiO2 NHCPE greatly inhibits the defects of easy agglomeration of composite electrolytes, solves the problems of easy decomposition, low thermal stability, and poor safety of polyether electrolytes, and opens up a new way for the design and industrial application of high‐stability composite polymer electrolytes.
Solar Heating Modulated by Evaporative Cooling Provides Intermittent Temperature Gradients for Ionic Thermoelectric Supercapacitors
Authors: Liao Mingna , Zhao Dan , Jonsson Magnus P
Published: June 2024

Solar heating is important for many applications but less attractive for concepts requiring intermittent heating, such as ionic thermoelectric supercapacitors (ITESCs). However, the heating process even at constant solar illumination can be converted to temperature oscillations through water infiltration and evaporation. Here, this process is demonstrated for a carbon nanotube‐cellulose membrane and used to induce temporally varying temperature gradients across an ITESC, which enables continuous operation through repeated charge and discharge cycles. A temperature variation of 10 K can be generated on the top electrode, which leads to a variation in the temperature difference across the ITESC of 7.5 K. Precise control over charge and discharge durations can be achieved by adjusting the volume and interval of the added water. The concept of temporarily adjusting temperatures by evaporative cooling may be extended to create intermittent heating also for other heat sources that are typically constant.
Mechanochemistry Drives Alkene Difunctionalization via Radical Ligand Transfer and Electron Catalysis
Authors: Patra Subrata , Nandasana Bhargav N. , Valsamidou Vasiliki , Katayev Dmitry
Published: June 2024

A general and modular protocol is reported for olefin difunctionalization through mechanochemistry, facilitated by cooperative radical ligand transfer (RLT) and electron catalysis. Utilizing mechanochemical force and catalytic amounts of 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidinyloxyl (TEMPO), ferric nitrate can leverage nitryl radicals, transfer nitrooxy‐functional group via RLT, and mediate an electron catalysis cycle under room temperature. A diverse range of activated and unactivated alkenes exhibited chemo‐ and regioselective 1,2‐nitronitrooxylation under solvent‐free or solvent‐less conditions, showcasing excellent functional group tolerance. Mechanistic studies indicated a significant impact of mechanochemistry and highlighted the radical nature of this nitrative difunctionalization process.
Electrochemical Monitoring of Real‐Time Vesicle Dynamics Induced by Tau in a Confined Nanopipette
Authors: Chen Ke‐Le , Yu Ru‐Jia , Zhong Cheng‐Bing , Wang Ziyi , Xie Bao‐Kang , Ma Hui , Ao Mingjun , Zheng Peng , Ewing Andrew G. , Long Yi‐Tao
Published: June 2024

The microtubule‐associated protein tau participates in neurotransmission regulation via its interaction with synaptic vesicles (SVs). The precise nature and mechanics of tau‘s engagement with SVs, especially regarding alterations in vesicle dynamics, remain a matter of discussion. We report an electrochemical method using a synapse‐mimicking nanopipette to monitor vesicle dynamics induced by tau. A model vesicle of ~30 nm is confined within a lipid‐modified nanopipette orifice with a comparable diameter to mimic the synaptic lipid environment. Both tau and phosphorylated tau (p‐tau) present two‐state dynamic behavior in this biomimetic system, showing typical ionic current oscillation, induced by lipid‐tau interaction. The results indicate that p‐tau has a stronger affinity to the lipid vesicles in the confined environment, blocking the vesicle movement to a higher degree. Taken together, this method bridges a gap for sensing synaptic vesicle dynamics in a confined lipid environment, mimicking vesicle movement near the synaptic membrane. These findings contribute to understanding how different types of tau protein regulate synaptic vesicle motility and to underlying its functional and pathological behaviours in disease.
Effects of temperature and pressure on volatile compounds of black cumin seeds (Nigella sativa L.) oil extracted by supercritical carbon dioxide
Authors: Sakdasri Winatta , Sakulkittiyut Buntita , Ngamprasertsith Somkiat , Supang Wirasinee , Sawangkeaw Ruengwit
Published: June 2024

This study investigated the effects of temperature and pressure on the yield and volatile compound contents of black cumin seed oil (BCO) extracted from black cumin seeds using supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2). The solubility of BCO in SCCO2 increased 2.5‐fold as the pressure increased by 10 MPa. Major volatile compounds in BCO were identified using a static headspace gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (SH–GC–MS). Evidence indicated the main volatile components in SCCO2‐extracted BCO to be hexanal, p‐cymene, and thymoquinone. BCO extracted from China‐cultivated black cumin seed contained similar amounts of p‐cymene and thymoquinone. This black cumin seed is classified as the cymene/thymoquinone chemotype and is also found in Indian, Iranian, and Algerian black cumin seeds. Thymoquinone contents in BCO were more sensitive to the extraction temperature than hexanal and p‐cymene contents. The maximum oil yield of 36.28 ± 1.38 wt%, with approximately 2.0 mg of thymoquinone per milliliter of oil, was obtained at extraction temperatures of 50°C and pressures of 30 MPa. A SH–GC–MS could detect small molecules in black cumin seed oil such as hexanal. The results of this work reveal that temperature has more impact on the selectivity of volatile compounds than pressure in supercritical carbon dioxide extraction.
Autistic adults exhibit typical sensitivity to changes in interpersonal distance
Authors: Bunce Carl , Gehdu Bayparvah Kaur , Press Clare , Gray Katie L. H. , Cook Richard
Published: June 2024

The visual processing differences seen in autism often impede individuals' visual perception of the social world. In particular, many autistic people exhibit poor face recognition. Here, we sought to determine whether autistic adults also show impaired perception of dyadic social interactions—a class of stimulus thought to engage face‐like visual processing. Our focus was the perception of interpersonal distance. Participants completed distance change detection tasks, in which they had to make perceptual decisions about the distance between two actors. On half of the trials, participants judged whether the actors moved closer together; on the other half, whether they moved further apart. In a nonsocial control task, participants made similar judgments about two grandfather clocks. We also assessed participants' face recognition ability using standardized measures. The autistic and nonautistic observers showed similar levels of perceptual sensitivity to changes in interpersonal distance when viewing social interactions. As expected, however, the autistic observers showed clear signs of impaired face recognition. Despite putative similarities between the visual processing of faces and dyadic social interactions, our results suggest that these two facets of social vision may dissociate.
Comparison of SOX and CAPOX in patients with advanced gastric cancer after laparoscopic D2 gastrectomy: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Liu Xin , Yan Yongjia , Lu Li , Liu Yang , Ma Jun , Wang Xi , Wang Daohan , Liu Bang , Liu Zhuo , Zhou Xueying , Cui He , Zhao Zhicheng , Li Chuan , Liu Jian , Li Weidong , Huang Qing‐Xing , Zhao Qun , Liu Tong , Fu Weihua
Published: June 2024

Background: Optimal adjuvant chemotherapy after laparoscopic surgery in gastric cancer (GC) patients is still undefined. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of S‐1 plus oxaliplatin (SOX) and capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (CAPOX) in patients with GC after laparoscopic gastrectomy. Methods: A non‐inferiority randomized controlled clinical trial was performed in China. Patients with advanced GC who underwent laparoscopic D2 gastrectomy were randomly assigned to receive SOX and CAPOX regimens. Results: In total, 191 patients were screened between May 2018 and June 2019, and 140 (73.3%) were included in the modified intent‐to‐treat analysis (mITT), of whom 69 and 71 were assigned to the SOX and CAPOX groups, respectively. The SOX group had similar 3‐year overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival to the CAPOX group. Subgroup analysis revealed significantly better OS in the SOX group for male patients ([HR] = 0.395; 95% [CI], 0.153–1.019; p = 0.045), age >60 (HR = 0.219; 95% [CI], 0.064–0.753; p = 0.016), tumors in the gastric antrum (HR = 0.273; 95% [CI], 0.076–0.981; p = 0.047), and moderately differentiated tumors (HR = 0.338; 95% [CI], 0.110–1.041; p = 0.041). There were no significant differences observed in terms of adverse events and recurrence patterns between the two groups. Conclusion: Adjuvant SOX was non‐inferior to CAPOX treatments for patients with GC who underwent curative laparoscopic D2 gastrectomy. For male patients, aged >60 years, tumors in the gastric antrum, and moderately differentiated tumors, adjuvant SOX may achieve an improvement compared with CAPOX.
Dereplication of 4‐Quinolone Alkaloids from Waltheria Indica (Malvaceae) Tissues Using Molecular Network Tools
Authors: de Medeiros Silva Raquel , de Castro Lima Murilo Marinho , Cotinguiba Fernando
Published: June 2024

Waltheria indica (Malvaceae) is a plant popularly used in folk medicine by traditional African and indigenous communities, and in various countries worldwide, to treat general inflammation. Several biological activities of this plant have been reported, including acetylcholinesterase inhibition and potential anti‐human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), antinociceptive, analgesic, antifungal, anticancer, anti‐inflammatory, leishmanicidal, trypanocidal, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities. The chemical profile of Waltheria indica was assessed by dereplication analysis using UPLC‐MS/MS, and data acquisition was performed using chemoinformatics tools, such as Mass Spectrometry–Data Independent AnaLysis (MS‐DIAL) and MS‐FINDER softwares. The preprocessed data were sent to the GNPS to build a feature‐based molecular network (FBMN). Thirty‐three 4‐quinolone alkaloids were annotated in the extracts and fractions of stems and roots, whereas 12 were annotated in the extracts and fractions of flowers and leaves. This represents an inaugural chemical investigation study employing UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS/MS analysis, along with a molecular network approach, within this species and genus.
Harnessing Therapeutic Potentials of Biochanin A in Neurological Disorders: Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Overview
Authors: Kumar Ankit , Angelopoulou Efthalia , Pyrgelis Efstratios‐Stylianos , Piperi Christina , Mishra Awanish
Published: June 2024

Biochanin A, an isoflavone flavonoid with estrogenic activity, is naturally found in red clover and other legumes. It possesses a wide range of pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐apoptotic, neuroprotective, and anticancer effects. In recent years, a growing body of pre‐clinical research has focused on exploring the therapeutic potential of biochanin A in various neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, ischemic brain injury, gliomas, and neurotoxicity. This comprehensive review aims to shed light on the underlying molecular mechanisms that contribute to the neuroprotective role of biochanin A based on previous pre‐clinical studies. Furthermore, it provides a detailed overview of the protective effects of biochanin A in diverse neurological disorders. The review also addresses the limitations associated with biochanin A administration and discusses different approaches employed to overcome these challenges. Finally, it highlights the future opportunities for translating biochanin A from pre‐clinical research to clinical studies while also considering its commercial viability as a dietary supplement or a potential treatment for various diseases.
Asparagus officinalis Herb‐Derived Carbon Quantum Dots: Luminescent Probe for Medical Diagnostics
Authors: Yadav Nisha , Mudgal Deeksha , Mishra Manish , Mishra Vivek
Published: June 2024

The utilization of natural materials for the synthesis of highly fluorescent carbon quantum dots (CQDs) presents a sustainable approach to overcome the challenges associated with traditional chemical precursors. Here, we report the synthesis of novel S,N‐self‐doped CQDs (S,N@CQDs) derived from asparagus officinalis herb. These S,N@CQDs exhibit 16.7 % fluorescence quantum yield, demonstrating their potential in medical diagnostics. We demonstrate the efficacy of S,N@CQDs as luminescent probes for the detection of anti‐pathogenic medications metronidazole (MTZ) and nitazoxanide (NTZ) over concentration ranges of 0.0–180.0 μM (with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.064 μM) and 0.25–40.0 μM (LOD of 0.05 μM), respectively. The probes were successfully applied to determine MTZ and NTZ in medicinal samples, real samples, and spiked human plasma, with excellent recovery rates ranging from 99.82 % to 103.03 %. Additionally, S,N@CQDs demonstrate exceptional efficacy as diagnostic luminescent probes for hemoglobin (Hb) detection over a concentration range of 0–900 nM, with a minimal detectability of 9.24 nM, comparable to commercially available medical laboratory diagnostic tests. The eco‐friendly synthesis and precise detection limits of S,N@CQDs meet necessary analytical requirements and hold promise for advancing diagnostic capabilities in clinical settings. This research signifies a significant step towards sustainable and efficient fluorescence‐based medical diagnostics.
Temperature Control of the Self‐Assembly Process of 4‐Aminoquinoline Amphiphile: Selective Construction of Perforated Vesicles and Nanofibers, and Structural Restoration Capability
Authors: Hisamatsu Yosuke , Toriyama Go , Yamamoto Katsuhiro , Takase Hiroshi , Higuchi Tsunehiko , Umezawa Naoki
Published: June 2024

Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of Yosuke Hisamatsu, Naoki Umezawa, and co‐workers at Nagoya City University and Nagoya Institute of Technology. The image depicts the selective construction of perforated vesicles and nanofibers, influenced by the heating temperatures during the self‐assembly process of the 4‐aminoquinoline amphiphile. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202400134.
Longitudinal prospective study of Sturge–Weber syndrome urine angiogenic factors and neurological outcome
Authors: Kimbrell Brooke , McKenney Kieran D. , Yeom SangEun , Iannotti Isabelle , Day Alyssa , Harmon Kelly , Sebold Alison , Smegal Lindsay , Kaplan Katherine , Daisy Cassie , Aldakhlallah Rama , Taylor Michael , Pinto Anna , Hammill Adrienne , Moses Marsha A. , Comi Anne
Published: June 2024

Objective

This study identified biomarkers of neurological outcome in Sturge‐Weber syndrome (SWS) via urine angiogenic factors and captured longitudinally derived natural history data within an SWS cohort.

Methods

This longitudinal, prospective, multicentered study of 61 people with SWS aged 0.4–55 years reports port‐wine birthmark score, Neuroscore, Neuro‐Quality of Life, and urine angiogenic factors over a two‐year period.

Results

Cognitive Neuroscore worsened over time for children aged 0–2 years. Male sex was associated with worsening Cognitive Function Neuroscore during the study. Age of seizure onset before 2 years was strongly associated with worse Neuroscore. Children with SWS had low Neuro‐Quality of Life related to cognitive function. Seizure severity, male sex, and earlier age of seizure onset were associated with worse Neuro‐Quality of Life in school‐aged children. Children with SWS have elevated basic fibroblast growth factor in their urine compared with controls, whereas higher vascular endothelial growth factor was associated with better Neuroscore.

Interpretation

This study is the first multicenter, prospective, and longitudinal study of people with SWS. It identifies significant clinical prognostic factors such as age of seizure onset and male sex, informs symptom progression over time by age group, and suggests that further study of angiogenic mechanisms and potential biomarkers are needed.
SOMA: Observability, monitoring, and in situ analytics for exascale applications
Authors: Yokelson Dewi , Lappi Oskar , Ramesh Srinivasan , Väisälä Miikka S. , Huck Kevin , Puro Touko , Norris Boyana , Korpi‐Lagg Maarit , Heljanko Keijo , Malony Allen D.
Published: June 2024

With the rise of exascale systems and large, data‐centric workflows, the need to observe and analyze high performance computing (HPC) applications during their execution is becoming increasingly important. HPC applications are typically not designed with online monitoring in mind, therefore, the observability challenge lies in being able to access and analyze interesting events with low overhead while seamlessly integrating such capabilities into existing and new applications. We explore how our service‐based observation, monitoring, and analytics (SOMA) approach to collecting and aggregating both application‐specific diagnostic data and performance data addresses these needs. We present our SOMA framework and demonstrate its viability with LULESH, a hydrodynamics proxy application. Then we focus on Astaroth, a multi‐GPU library for stencil computations, highlighting the integration of the TAU and APEX performance tools and SOMA for application and performance data monitoring.
Research on the construction of multi objective coupling model and optimization method of ship form
Authors: Liu Jie , Zhang Baoji , Lai Yuyang , Fang Liqiao
Published: June 2024

Multi‐objective optimization of ship form can effectively reduce ship energy consumption, and is one of the important research topics of green ships. However, the computational cost of numerical simulation based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) theory is relatively high, which affects the efficiency of optimization. Traditional subjective weighting methods mostly rely on expert's experience, which affects the scientificity of optimization. This paper effectively integrates the CFD method, the improved multi‐objective optimization algorithm and the objective weighting method to build a ship form multi‐objective optimization framework. Conduct multi‐objective optimization research on resistance and seakeeping performance of a very large crude oil carrier (KVLCC) ship. The improved bare‐bones multi‐objective particle swarm optimization (IBBMOPSO) algorithm is used to obtain the pareto front, and the kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) method is used to objectively assign the weight of each target. Finally, the optimal ship form scheme with high satisfaction was obtained. The multi‐objective optimization framework constructed in this paper can provide a certain theoretical basis and technical support for the development of ship greening and digital transformation.
Is ‘too much medicine’ a guideline‐driven phenomenon? Ten years' report and reflections of the Guidelines International Network Multimorbidity Working Group
Authors: Scherer Martin , Burgers Jako S. ,   the Guidelines International Network Multimorbidity Working Group
Published: June 2024

Highlights

The Guidelines International Network Multimorbidity Working Group aims to explore how and to what extent multimorbidity can be reflected in guideline development.

Single disease guidelines contribute to ‘too much medicine’, including the abundance of diagnostic and therapeutic measures with potential harm to the patient.

The ‘less is more’ approach includes communication on patient outcomes, recommendations for deprescribing and awareness of climate impact.

Guidelines supporting person‐centred care could reduce the risk of low‐value care for multimorbid patients, which will benefit both individual and planetary health.
Inter‐basin comparison of wood flux using random forest modelling and repeated wood extractions in unmonitored catchments
Authors: Hortobágyi Borbála , Vaudor Lise , Ghaffarian Hossein , Piégay Hervé
Published: June 2024

Predicting wood flux (i.e., wood piece number per time interval) or discharge (metre cubes of wood per second) in rivers is crucial for adequate integrated river management that balances risk assessment and ecological improvement. To enhance our understanding of the transport mechanisms of wood and assess their effects in various geographical contexts, it is necessary to conduct inter‐basin comparative studies and preliminary modelling. The wood flux of two river basins was analysed using video monitoring and random forest predictions based on hydrological drivers. The wood flux dynamics of the Ain and Allier rivers were both compared and contrasted. Although there was shared wood transport hysteresis, hourly wood flux, relative critical flow discharges of wood transport and certain hydrological factors exhibited differences between the two river basins. As a next step, the two random forest models, which were trained previously, were applied to predict wood flux and then wood discharge in a third river (the Rhône), in order to estimate a wood volume export, which can be compared with the wood volumes extracted over a series of a few monthly periods in the Génissiat reservoir. By using the random forest modelling, it is possible to estimate the volume of wood on the Rhône river. Despite the absence of any training data, there is a noticeable correlation, however, the estimated volumes were significantly overestimated. To resolve this issue, a correction factor was applied, accounting for disparities in wood recruitment dynamics between the Rhône basin and the training river basins. It was found that high flow events are underestimated, emphasizing the importance of incorporating local annotations and additional parameters in training the random forest model. Accurately predicting wood flux is important for integrated watershed management, but field observations are still lacking for validation and process‐based understanding.
On ranks and risky choices
Authors: Hamstra Melvyn R. W. , Higgins Edward Tory
Published: June 2024

We present a novel theoretical framework to explain the impact of rank positions on decision‐makers' choices between more risky and less risky options. We do so by providing an analysis of the motivational effects of ranks that progresses through three levels of specificity: the broad “motive” level, an intermediate “goal” level, and a low level at which tactical choices are addressed and where the complexity of rank‐driven choices considers a dynamic multiple goal perspective. In particular, we theorize on how more risky versus less risky options are chosen in light of the combined influence of (a) rank goals, (b) rank changes relative to those goals, and (c) other aligned or competing goals. Deriving from our theorizing and review of existing evidence from different fields studying various rank phenomena such as power, status, education, and performance, we articulate seven propositions that specify when rank‐ordered individuals will choose more risky or less risky options.
Addressing the climate–finance interaction in a new light: From green to brown assets disclosure in the banking industry
Authors: Relano Francesc , Paulet Elisabeth , Mavoori Hareesh
Published: June 2024

This paper explores the contribution of the banking industry to the decarbonization of the economy in the aftermath of the Paris Agreement. To this end, two complementary indicators are proposed: a carbon balance and a fossil fuel to equity ratio. The main novelty of these indicators is that, beyond traditional approaches in green finance, they take into account the parallel endeavor of banks in fossil fuel financing (so‐called “brown assets”). The results of the inquiry are presented in various maps and graphs. Both elements show that the bank‐induced process of decarbonization is lagging behind that of other industries, which creates a significant risk of financial instability. Changing this banking behavior necessarily involves a climate‐driven reform of the prudential rules on capital requirements; however, given the magnitude of the problem, this might not be enough. Nor is it the most urgent concern. Above all, what this paper makes clear is that the appropriate measurement and disclosure of financed emissions (both “green” and “brown”) is the first crucial step for the correct assessment of climate‐related risk and forms the basis for subsequent policy action.
Distinct biogeographical patterns in snail gastrointestinal tract bacterial communities compared with sediment and water
Authors: Herlemann Daniel P. R. , Tammert Helen , Kivistik Carmen , Käiro Kairi , Kisand Veljo
Published: June 2024

The factors that influence the distribution of bacterial community composition are not well understood. The role of geographical patterns, which suggest limited dispersal, is still a topic of debate. Bacteria associated with hosts face unique dispersal challenges as they often rely on their hosts, which provide specific environments for their symbionts. In this study, we examined the effect of biogeographic distances on the bacterial diversity and composition of bacterial communities in the gastrointestinal tract of Ampullaceana balthica. We compared the effects on the host‐associated bacterial community to those on bacterial communities in water and sediment. This comparison was made using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. We found that the bacterial communities we sampled in Estonia, Denmark, and Northern Germany varied between water, sediment, and the gastrointestinal tract. They also varied between countries within each substrate. This indicates that the type of substrate is a dominant factor in determining bacterial community composition. We separately analyzed the turnover rates of water, sediment, and gastrointestinal bacterial communities over increasing geographic distances. We observed that the turnover rate was lower for gastrointestinal bacterial communities compared to water bacterial communities. This implies that the composition of gastrointestinal bacteria remains relatively stable over distances, while water bacterial communities exhibit greater variability. However, the gastrointestinal tract had the lowest percentage of country‐specific amplicon sequence variants, suggesting bacterial colonization from local bacterial communities. Since the overlap between the water and gastrointestinal tract was highest, it appears that the gastrointestinal bacterial community is colonized by the water bacterial community. Our study confirmed that biogeographical patterns in host‐associated communities differ from those in water and sediment bacterial communities. These host‐associated communities consist of numerous facultative symbionts derived from the water bacterial community.
Application of individual brain connectome in chronic ischemia: mapping symptoms before and after reperfusion
Authors: Lei Yu , Zhang Xin , Ni Wei , Gao Chao , Li Yanjiang , Yang Heng , Gao Xinjie , Xia Ding , Zhang Xia , Osipowicz Karol , Doyen Stephane , Sughrue Michael E. , Gu Yuxiang , Mao Ying
Published: June 2024

How brain functions in the distorted ischemic state before and after reperfusion is unclear. It is also uncertain whether there are any indicators within ischemic brain that could predict surgical outcomes. To alleviate these issues, we applied individual brain connectome in chronic steno‐occlusive vasculopathy (CSOV) to map both ischemic symptoms and their postbypass changes. A total of 499 bypasses in 455 CSOV patients were collected and followed up for 47.8 ± 20.5 months. Using multimodal parcellation with connectivity‐based and pathological distortion‐independent approach, areal MR features of brain connectome were generated with three measurements of functional connectivity (FC), structural connectivity, and PageRank centrality at the single‐subject level. Thirty‐three machine‐learning models were then trained with clinical and areal MR features to obtain acceptable classifiers for both ischemic symptoms and their postbypass changes, among which, 11 were deemed acceptable (AUC > 0.7). Notably, the FC feature‐based model for long‐term neurological outcomes performed very well (AUC > 0.8). Finally, a Shapley additive explanations plot was adopted to extract important individual features in acceptable models to generate “fingerprints” of brain connectome. This study not only establishes brain connectomic fingerprint databases for brain ischemia with distortion, but also provides informative insights for how brain functions before and after reperfusion.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Measures to Track Atrophy Progression in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy in Clinical Trials
Authors: Quattrone Andrea , Franzmeier Nicolai , Huppertz Hans‐Jürgen , Klietz Martin , Roemer Sebastian N. , Boxer Adam L. , Levin Johannes , Höglinger Günter U. ,   the AL‐108‐231 Investigators, the Tauros MRI Investigators, the PASSPORT Study Group, the DESCRIBE‐PSP Group
Published: June 2024

Background

Several magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures have been suggested as progression biomarkers in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and some PSP staging systems have been recently proposed.

Objective

Comparing structural MRI measures and staging systems in tracking atrophy progression in PSP and estimating the sample size to use them as endpoints in clinical trials.

Methods

Progressive supranuclear palsy‐Richardson's syndrome (PSP‐RS) patients with one‐year‐follow‐up longitudinal brain MRI were selected from the placebo arms of international trials (NCT03068468, NCT01110720, NCT01049399) and the DescribePSP cohort. The discovery cohort included patients from the NCT03068468 trial; the validation cohort included patients from other sources. Multisite age‐matched healthy controls (HC) were included for comparison. Several MRI measures were compared: automated atlas‐based volumetry (44 regions), automated planimetric measures of brainstem regions, and four previously described staging systems, applied to volumetric data.

Results

Of 508 participants, 226 PSP patients including discovery (n = 121) and validation (n = 105) cohorts, and 251 HC were included. In PSP patients, the annualized percentage change of brainstem and midbrain volume, and a combined index including midbrain, frontal lobe, and third ventricle volume change, were the progression biomarkers with the highest effect size in both cohorts (discovery: >1.6; validation cohort: >1.3). These measures required the lowest sample sizes (n < 100) to detect 30% atrophy progression, compared with other volumetric/planimetric measures and staging systems.

Conclusions

This evidence may inform the selection of imaging endpoints to assess the treatment efficacy in reducing brain atrophy rate in PSP clinical trials, with automated atlas‐based volumetry requiring smaller sample size than staging systems and planimetry to observe significant treatment effects. © 2024 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Diagnostic efficiency of conventional ultrasound, shear wave elastography, and superb microvascular imaging in evaluating ulnar neuropathy at the elbow
Authors: Zhang Yao , Liu Wei‐Yao , Xue Wei‐Li , Wu Han , Yuan Yan , Ma Xin‐Yuan , Wang Hong , Zhou Xian‐Li
Published: June 2024

Introduction/Aims

The current diagnosis of ulnar neuropathy at the elbow (UNE) relies mainly on the clinical presentation and nerve electrodiagnostic (EDX) testing, which can be uncomfortable and yield false negatives. The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic value of conventional ultrasound, shear wave elastography (SWE), and superb microvascular imaging (SMI) in diagnosing UNE.

Methods

We enrolled 40 patients (48 elbows) with UNE and 48 healthy volunteers (48 elbows). The patients were categorized as having mild, moderate or severe UNE based on the findings of EDX testing. The cross‐sectional area (CSA) was measured using conventional ultrasound. Ulnar nerve (UN) shear wave velocity (SWV) and SMI were performed in a longitudinal plane.

Results

Based on the EDX findings, UNE severity was graded as mild in 4, moderate in 10, and severe in 34. The patient group showed increased ulnar nerve CSA and stiffness at the site of maximal enlargement (CSA mean at the site of max enlargement [CSAmax] and SWV mean at the site of max enlargement [SWVmax]), ulnar nerve CSA ratio, and stiffness ratio (elbow‐to‐upper arm), compared with the control group (p < .001). Furthermore, the severe UNE group showed higher ulnar nerve CSAmax and SWVmax compared with the mild and moderate UNE groups (p < .001). The cutoff values for diagnosis of UNE were 9.5 mm2 for CSAmax, 3.06 m/s for SWVmax, 2.00 for CSA ratio, 1.36 for stiffness ratio, and grade 1 for SMI.

Discussion

Our findings suggest that SWE and SMI are valuable diagnostic tools for the diagnosis and assessment of severity of UNE.
Compression behavior of lightweight corrugated composite Sandwich panels with smart facesheets reinforced by shape memory alloy wires: an experimental study
Authors: Rajabpour M. , Khalili S. M. R. , Eslami‐Farsani R.
Published: June 2024

This paper presents an experimental examination of the compression demeanor of lightweight corrugated core composite (CCC) sandwich panel and corrugated core smart composites (CCSC) sandwich panels subjected to quasi‐static edgewise compression loading. The existence of shape memory alloy (SMA) wires and pre‐strain percentages of SMA are the indicators studied in this article. The fabrication procedure presented and the appraisement of the mechanical properties of the CCC and CCSC sandwich panels are expressed. The core geometry of samples is trapezoid corrugated made of aluminum. The facesheets are four layers of woven glass fiber/ epoxy laminated composite. For evaluation of the efficacy of the presence of SMA wires on mechanical specifications of sandwich panels, three SMA wires with various pre‐strain percentages (0%, 3%, and 6%) are embedded in each composite facesheet. Mechanical properties of all types of CCC and CCSC sandwich panels such as maximum force, critical damage force, specific strength, absorb energy, specific toughness, Young's modulus, and specific stiffness were evaluated. Results showed that the CCC sandwich panel has higher mechanical specifications than the CCSC sandwich panels with 0% and 3% pre‐strain. Also, increasing pre‐strained SMA wires improves all mechanical parameters of CCSC sandwich panels. CCSC sandwich panel with 6% pre‐strain has the highest compression properties than other sandwich panels. Maximum Force, Critical Damage Force, Specific Strength, Absorbed Energy, Specific Toughness, Young's Modulus, and Specific Stiffness of CCSC sandwich panel with 6% pre‐strain are 14.73 kN, 13.6 kN, 9.55 MPa/g, 26.61 kJ, 0.346 MJ/m3g, 4395 MPa and 0.61 kN/mm g, respectively.

Highlights

Lightweight CCC sandwich panel and CCSC sandwich panel manufactured.

Compression behavior of CCC sandwich panel and CCSC sandwich panel evaluated.

Pre‐strained SMA wires improves energy absorption of CCSC sandwich panels.

Higher specific toughness was obtained with 6% pre‐strain SMA.

Presence of SMA wires with no pre‐strain cannot improve the specific strength.