bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Communication Signal Modulation Mechanism Based on Artificial Feature Engineering Deep Neural Network Modulation Identifier
Authors: Lu Fei , Shi Zhenjiang , Su Rijian
Published: June 2021

Based on the characteristics of time domain and frequency domain recognition theory, a recognition scheme is designed to complete the modulation identification of communication signals including 16 analog and digital modulations, involving 10 different eigenvalues in total. In the in‐class recognition of FSK signal, feature extraction in frequency domain is carried out, and a statistical algorithm of spectral peak number is proposed. This paper presents a method to calculate the rotation degree of constellation image. By calculating the rotation degree and modifying the clustering radius, the recognition rate of QAM signal is improved significantly. Another commonly used method for calculating the rotation of constellations is based on Radon transform. Compared with the proposed algorithm, the proposed algorithm has lower computational complexity and higher accuracy under certain SNR conditions. In the modulation discriminator of the deep neural network, the spectral features and cumulative features are extracted as inputs, the modified linear elements are used as neuron activation functions, and the cross‐entropy is used as loss functions. In the modulation recognitor of deep neural network, deep neural network and cyclic neural network are constructed for modulation recognition of communication signals. The neural network automatic modulation recognizer is implemented on CPU and GPU, which verifies the recognition accuracy of communication signal modulation recognizer based on neural network. The experimental results show that the communication signal modulation recognizer based on artificial neural network has good classification accuracy in both the training set and the test set.
Mechanisms of Therapeutic Antitumor Monoclonal Antibodies
Authors: Tsao Li-Chung , Force Jeremy , Hartman Zachary C.
Published: June 2021

Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) are a major component of cancer therapy. In this review, we summarize the different therapeutic mAbs that have been successfully developed against various tumor-expressed antigens and examine our current understanding of their different mechanisms of antitumor action. These mechanisms of action (MOA) largely center on the stimulation of different innate immune effector processes, which appear to be principally responsible for the efficacy of most unconjugated mAb therapies against cancer. This is evident in studies of mAbs targeting antigens for hematologic cancers, with emerging data also demonstrating the critical nature of innate immune-mediated mechanisms in the efficacy of anti-HER2 mAbs against solid HER2+ cancers. Although HER2-targeted mAbs were originally described as inhibitors of HER2-mediated signaling, multiple studies have since demonstrated these mAbs function largely through their engagement with Fc receptors to activate innate immune effector functions as well as complement activity. Next-generation mAbs are capitalizing on these MOAs through improvements to enhance Fc-activity, although regulation of these mechanisms may vary in different tumor microenvironments. In addition, novel antibody-drug conjugates have emerged as an important means to activate different MOAs. Although many unknowns remain, an improved understanding of these immunologic MOAs will be essential for the future of mAb therapy and cancer immunotherapy.
BET Bromodomain Inhibition Blocks an AR-Repressed, E2F1-Activated Treatment-Emergent Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer Lineage Plasticity Program
Authors: Kim Dae-Hwan , Sun Duanchen , Storck William K. , Welker Leng Katherine , Jenkins Chelsea , Coleman Daniel J. , Sampson David , Guan Xiangnan , Kumaraswamy Anbarasu , Rodansky Eva S. , Urrutia Joshua A. , Schwartzman Jacob A. , Zhang Chao , Beltran Himisha , Labrecque Mark P. , Morrissey Colm , Lucas Jared M. , Coleman Ilsa M. , Nelson Peter S. , Corey Eva , Handelman Samuel K. , Sexton Jonathan Z. , Aggarwal Rahul , Abida Wassim , Feng Felix Y. , Small Eric J. , Spratt Daniel E. , Bankhead Armand , Rao Arvind , Gesner Emily M. , Attwell Sarah , Lakhotia Sanjay , Campeau Eric , Yates Joel A. , Xia Zheng , Alumkal Joshi J.
Published: June 2021

Purpose:

Lineage plasticity in prostate cancer—most commonly exemplified by loss of androgen receptor (AR) signaling and a switch from a luminal to alternate differentiation program—is now recognized as a treatment resistance mechanism. Lineage plasticity is a spectrum, but neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is the most virulent example. Currently, there are limited treatments for NEPC. Moreover, the incidence of treatment-emergent NEPC (t-NEPC) is increasing in the era of novel AR inhibitors. In contradistinction to de novo NEPC, t-NEPC tumors often express the AR, but AR's functional role in t-NEPC is unknown. Furthermore, targetable factors that promote t-NEPC lineage plasticity are also unclear.

Experimental Design:

Using an integrative systems biology approach, we investigated enzalutamide-resistant t-NEPC cell lines and their parental, enzalutamide-sensitive adenocarcinoma cell lines. The AR is still expressed in these t-NEPC cells, enabling us to determine the role of the AR and other key factors in regulating t-NEPC lineage plasticity.

Results:

AR inhibition accentuates lineage plasticity in t-NEPC cells—an effect not observed in parental, enzalutamide-sensitive adenocarcinoma cells. Induction of an AR-repressed, lineage plasticity program is dependent on activation of the transcription factor E2F1 in concert with the BET bromodomain chromatin reader BRD4. BET inhibition (BETi) blocks this E2F1/BRD4-regulated program and decreases growth of t-NEPC tumor models and a subset of t-NEPC patient tumors with high activity of this program in a BETi clinical trial.

Conclusions:

E2F1 and BRD4 are critical for activating an AR-repressed, t-NEPC lineage plasticity program. BETi is a promising approach to block this program.
Traumatic Optic Nerve Sheath Hematoma
Authors: Ghahramani Aria , Camacci Mona L. , Borkhetaria Rucha , Poulsen Anne , Beckstead Samuel , Weller Christopher
Published: June 2021

The aim of this report is to present a patient with traumatic optic nerve sheath hematoma (ONSH), a rare diagnosis with high potential for visual sequelae. This case involves a 41-year-old male who presented promptly following blunt trauma to the right eye and orbit that resulted in acute vision loss. Following computed tomography and ophthalmic examination, a diagnosis of ONSH was made and medical therapy with methylprednisolone was initiated. He reported significant improvements in visual symptoms following intravenous corticosteroid therapy. Although the patient reported significant improvements and had normal Snellen visual acuities in follow-up, he continued to have an inferior visual field defect at 1 week in the affected eye. ONSH causing subsequent localized compression of the optic nerve is a rare mechanism of traumatic optic neuropathy in patients following head trauma. The localized compartment syndrome of the optic nerve and subjective visual symptoms were relieved following corticosteroid therapy with no initial need for surgical decompression. Although central visual acuity returned to baseline, the patient had a persistent visual field defect and relative afferent pupillary defect.
Retrieval of an Intracardiac Cannula Fragment via Femoral Access in a Premature Infant
Authors: Zheng Xu , Geng Wenjing , Li Geng , Jin Fei , Liu Hui , Jia Shengnan , Hei Mingyan
Published: June 2021

A preterm infant with birth weight 1,550 g had an intravenous foreign body between the external iliac vein and the common iliac vein, which accidentally happened during peripheral intravascular central catheter insertion by the Seldinger technique. The infant initially received conservative management and close monitoring. Antibiotics were administered 4 weeks to treat culture positive sepsis and meningitis. The infant was clinically stable till the cannula fragment migrated to the heart 34 days later. At that time, his weight was 2,200 g, and he was full fed. The cannula fragment was retrieved by emergency interventional radiology via the right femoral access, with no complications. The infant was discharged at 45 days of age and closely followed up post-discharge. He is currently 6 months old, with normal development. This is the first case of successful percutaneous retrieval of an intracardiac intravenous cannula fragment via femoral access in a premature infant in China.
Protective Effects of Vitamin E on Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Miao Huikai , Li Rongzhen , Chen Dongni , Hu Jia , Chen Youfang , Xu Chunmei , Wen Zhesheng
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common symptom, but prophylactic measures cannot still be carried out effectively. In addition, the efficacy of vitamin E in preventing peripheral neurotoxicity caused by chemotherapy is inconclusive. Therefore, we collected the relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and performed a meta-analysis to examine whether the vitamin E has a positive effect in CIPN. Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, and other databases in December 2019 for eligible trials. Two reviewers conducted the analysis independently when studies were homogeneous enough. Results: Eight RCTs, involving 488 patients, were identified. Upon pooling these RCTs, patients who received vitamin E supplementation of 600 mg/day had a lower incidence of CIPN (risk ratio [RR] 0.31; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.14–0.65; p = 0.002) than the placebo group. Vitamin E played a key role in decreasing the incidence of peripheral neuropathy in the cisplatin chemotherapy group (RR 0.28; 95% CI 0.14–0.54; p = 0.0001). Moreover, vitamin E supplementation significantly decreased patients’ sural amplitude after 3 rounds of chemotherapy (RR −2.66; 95% CI −5.09 to −0.24; p = 0.03) in contrast with that of placebo supplementation, while no significant difference was observed when patients were treated with vitamin E after 6 rounds of chemotherapy. In addition, the vitamin E-supplemented group had better improvement in the neurotoxicity score and lower incidence of reflexes and distal paraesthesias than the control group. Conclusion: Available data in this meta-analysis showed that vitamin E supplementation can confer modest improvement in the prevention of CIPN.
Using Electronic Medical Records of Nursing Care to Characterize Constipation in Patients with Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Chen Wei , Zhao Jieyi , Li Xiangkui , Wang Xiaoyu , Chen Jing , Zhang Tao , Ma Lu , Li Dong
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Constipation is one of the common poststroke complications that directly affect the patients’ quality of life in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), which has not been paid enough attention. Objective: This study investigates constipation’s clinical characteristics and its risk factors in ICH patients driven by the electronic medical records of nursing care. Methods: This retrospective chart review investigated patients with acute spontaneous ICH admitted at a tertiary care center from October 2010 to December 2018. Poststroke constipation was defined as a first stool passage occurring after 3 days postadmission and the use of enemas or laxatives after ICH. The associations between constipation present and potential factors were evaluated. Results: Of 1,748 patients, 408 (70.3% men, mean age 58 ± 14 years) patients with poststroke constipation were identified. After adjusting for potential confounding variables, the risk factors independently associated with poststroke constipation are admission Glasgow Coma Scale score (odds ratio [OR] 0.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.44–0.88; p = 0.007), use of mechanical ventilation (OR 3.74, 95% CI 2.37–5.89, p < 0.001), enteral nutrition (OR 2.82, 95% CI 1.85–4.30, p < 0.001), hematoma evacuation (OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.40–3.16; p < 0.001), opioid analgesics (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.32–2.62; p < 0.001), sedation (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.20–2.77; p = 0.005), and vasopressors (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.26–2.61; p = 0.001) in order. Similar associations were observed in the prespecified length of the stay subgroup. Patients with constipation were associated with a longer hospital stay length (2.24 days, 95% CI 1.43–3.05, p < 0.001) but not with in-hospital mortality (OR 1.05, 95% CI 0.58–1.90, p = 0.871). Conclusions: Our findings suggested that risk factors influence the absence of constipation after ICH with the synergy of different weights. The occurrence of constipation likely affects a longer length of stay, but not in-hospital mortality. Future prospective investigations are warranted to validate our findings and identify the optimal management of constipation that may improve the quality of life in patients with ICH.
Ependymoma Presenting as a ­Rim-Enhancing Lesion in the Brainstem
Authors: Malbari Fatema , Aldave Guillermo , Birchansky Sherri B. , Paulino Arnold C. , Lopez-Terrada Dolores H. , Mohila Carrie A. , Zhao Sibo , Chintagumpala Murali
Published: June 2021

Introduction: The posterior fossa is the most common intracranial location for pediatric ependymoma. While ependymoma usually arises from the ventricular lining of the fourth ventricle as a solid mass, it rarely originates from the brainstem. Grade II ependymomas also infrequently appear as a cavitary ring-enhancing lesion. Case Presentation: We describe a case of a 6-year-old boy with an ependymoma arising within the medulla with imaging features of a thick-walled rim-enhancing cavitary lesion. A stereotactic biopsy was obtained which confirmed a grade II ependymoma. The patient received focal proton beam radiation therapy and is doing well with no concerns for disease progression at 28 months after diagnosis. Conclusion: Posterior fossa ependymomas typically arise from ependymal cells within the fourth ventricle or foramina of Luschka. They rarely invade or arise within the brainstem parenchyma. Our case had atypical imaging findings in addition to the atypical tumor location. The lesion was described as a thick-walled rim-enhancing focal cystic necrotic lesion centered within the medulla with surrounding nonenhancing expansile infiltrative changes. Ring-enhancing lesions can be seen in patients with anaplastic ependymoma, but is not commonly reported in grade II ependymomas. In summary, this report highlights a unique case of a posterior fossa ependymoma in a pediatric patient arising in an atypical brainstem location as well as having unique imaging features.
Contrast-Induced Encephalopathy after Cerebral Angiogram: A Case Series and Review of Literature
Authors: Allison Cecelia , Sharma Vaibhav , Park Jason , Schirmer Clemens M. , Zand Ramin
Published: June 2021

Contrast-induced encephalopathy (CIE) is a rare complication that arises from exposure to iodinated contrast medium and can result in a range of symptoms, including cortical blindness, aphasia, focal neurological deficits, and altered mental status. We present 4 individual cases of CIE who presented with stroke-mimic symptoms following surgery with localized iodixanol or ioversol injection. We outline a clinical timeline of all patients, showing that CIE follows a general pattern of delayed onset, worsening symptomology, and ultimately full recovery. All patients received IV hydration, corticosteroids, or both as part of their treatment protocol.
Comprehensive Molecular Genetic Diagnostics of Birt-Hogg-Dube Syndrome in a Russian Patient with Renal Cancer and Lung Cysts: A Case Report
Authors: Mikhaylenko Dmitry S. , Matveev Vsevolod B. , Filippova Margarita G. , Anoshkin Kirill I. , Kozlov Nikolay A. , Khachaturyan Alexander V. , Semyanikhina Alexandra V. , Nifatov Sergey D. , Tanas Alexander S. , Nemtsova Marina V. , Zaletayev Dmitry V.
Published: June 2021

We report a case of Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome (BHDS), a rare hereditary syndrome, the main visible sign of which is the development of multiple skin fibrofolliculomas. In our case, there was a manifestation of BHDS consisting in the absence of fibrofolliculomas and presence of other characteristic features of this syndrome: lung cysts and renal cancer. The 26-year-old woman was admitted to a clinic for diagnosis and treatment of a neoplasm of the left kidney and had a history of renal cell cancer (RCC) of the right kidney and spontaneous pneumothorax. Multiple tumors of the left kidney and lung cysts were observed upon clinical and laboratory testing. Tumors of the left kidney were resected and diagnosed by a pathologist as chromophobe RCC. Sequencing of FLCN exons 4–14 from blood DNA revealed the heterozygous germline nonsense mutation c.1429C>T (p.R477*), confirming the diagnosis of BHDS. Several somatic variants were detected by tumor DNA sequencing using the Comprehensive Cancer Panel and Ion S5 platform. Medical-genetic counseling was conducted, and follow-up management was outlined. To our knowledge, this case report is the first comprehensive clinical and genetic examination of a patient with BHDS in Russia. The p.R477* mutation has been described by other authors in patients with fibrofolliculomas and lung cysts, but not in those with RCC, while RCC was the first manifestation of BHDS in our case. The case report may help geneticists, oncologists, and other specialists to better understand the clinical and genetic heterogeneity of BHDS in various populations.
A Solitary Melanoma Metastasis Confined to the Submandibular Gland
Authors: Gorris Senne , Perdaens Celia , Delvaux Veerle , Poorten Vincent Vander , Neyns Bart , Baron Ilan
Published: June 2021

Malignant melanoma is a type of cancer that most commonly originates from the skin, less frequently from mucosal surfaces, the eye, or meninges [Annu Rev Pathol. 2014;9(1):239–71]. In 2019, this type of malignancy was the third most frequent cancer to be diagnosed in males and the fifth most in females according to the American Cancer Society and the National Cancer Institute [CA Cancer J Clin. 2019;69(5):363–85]. The majority of the malignant melanomas in the head and neck region (85–90%) are cutaneous lesions, most often arising in the skin of the face [Head Neck. 2016;38:147–155]. In sharp contrast are the histological findings of metastatic melanoma with an unknown primary site: they are much more scarce and histologically difficult to diagnose. The literature is limited to case studies or small cohorts. In 2–6% of all patients suffering from metastatic melanoma, after clinical examination of the skin and mucosa, imaging, and other diagnostic examination, a primary tumor cannot be found [Eur J Cancer. 2004;40(9):1454–5]. A very small subgroup (0.5%) presents with a single focus of melanoma within the dermis or subcutaneous tissues [Arch Dermatol. 2000;136(11):1397–9]. We hereby report a case in this subgroup of a solitary melanoma metastasis found in the submandibular gland in a 59-year-old male. The tumor was discovered incidentally after surgical excision of this gland because of nodular enlargement.
Obesity and Asthma: An Intriguing Link in Childhood and Adolescence
Authors: Tosca Maria Angela , Schiavetti Irene , Ciprandi Giorgio ,   the “ControL’Asma” Study Group
Published: June 2021

Background: Asthma is a chronic disease characterized by airway inflammation. Obesity is common and may be associated with asthma. Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the possible relationship between asthma control and obesity in children. Methods: A nationwide study included 462 children and adolescents, 319 (69%) males, mean age 11.3 years. Asthma control grade, asthma control test, body mass index calculated as percentiles, and lung function were evaluated. Results: Obesity affected 64 (13.9%) children with asthma. This outcome underlined the high prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents with asthma. On the other hand, obesity did not affect the asthma control as well as lung function. Conclusion: This study showed that body weight did not affect asthma control and lung function in a large population of children and adolescents with asthma followed in Italian tertiary allergy/asthma centers and adequately managed.
Factual power loss reduction by dynamic membrane evolutionary algorithm
Authors: Kanagabasai Lenin
Published: June 2021

This  paper  presents Dynamic  Membrane  Evolutionary  Algorithm  (DMEA) has   been   applied   to   solve   optimal   reactive   power   problem.Proposed methodology  merges  the  fusion  and  division  rules  of  P  systems  with  active membranes  and  with  adaptive  differential  evolution  (ADE),  particle  swarm optimization  (PSO)  exploration  stratagem.  All  elementary  membranes  are amalgamated  into  one  membrane  in  the  computing  procedure.  Furthermore, integrated  membrane are alienated into the elementary  membranes 1, 2,_ m. In particle  swarm  optimization  (PSO) 𝑪𝟏, 𝑪𝟐 (acceleration  constants) are vital parameters to augment the explorationability  of  PSO in the  period  ofthe optimization procedure.In this work, Gaussian probability distribution isinitiated to engenderthe accelerating coefficients of PSO.Proposed Dynamic Membrane  Evolutionary  Algorithm  (DMEA) has  been  tested  in  standard IEEE  14,  30,  57, 118, 300  bus  test  systems  and  simulation  results  show  the projected algorithm reduced the real power loss comprehensively.
Experimental study of the impact of dust on azimuth tracking solar PV in Sharjah
Authors: M. Abdelsalam Mohamed A. , Ahmad Fahad Faraz , Hamid Abdul-Kadir , Ghenai Chaouki , Rejeb Oussama , Alchadirchy Monadhel , Obaid Waleed , Haj Assad Mamdouh El
Published: June 2021

Dust is one of the significant constraints in utilizing solar photovoltaic systems under harsh weather conditions in the desert regions due to creating a shadow that blocks solar irradiance from reaching solar cells and consequently, significantly reducing their efficiency. In this research, experimental study was performed to comprehend the nature of dust particles and their impact on the electrical power output that is generated from azimuth tracking solar PV modules under Sharjah environmental conditions in winter season. According to laboratory experiments, the power losses are linearly related to the dust accumulated density on the surface of the solar panel with a slope of 1.27% per g/m2. The conducted Outdoor studies revealed that the absolute reduction in output power increased by 8.46% after 41 continuous days with one low-intensity rainy day. The linear relationship obtained from indoor experiments was applied later to estimate the dust deposited density on the outdoor setup. The results showed that a regular cleaning process every two weeks is recommended to maintain the performance and to avoid the soiling loss. This work will help engineers in the solar PV plants to forecast the dust impact and figure out the regularity of the cleaning process in case of single axis tracking systems.
Dynamic modeling and transient stability analysis of distributed generators in a microgrid system
Authors: Ahmadi Hamed , Shafiee Qobad , Bevrani Hassan
Published: June 2021

Increasing the penetration level of distributed generation units as well as power electronic devices adds more complexity and variability to the dynamic behaviour of the microgrids. For such systems, studying the transient modelling and stability is essential. One of the major disadvantages of most studies on microgrid modelling is their excessive attention to the steady state period and the lack of attention to microgrid performance during the transient period. In most of the research works, the behaviour of different microgrid loads has not been studied. One of the mechanisms of power systems stability studies is the application of state space modelling. This paper presents a mathematical model for connected inverters in microgrid systems with many variations of operating conditions. Nonlineal tools, phase-plane trajectory analysis, and Lyapunov method were employed to evaluate the limits of small signal models. Based on the results of the present study, applying the model allows for the analysis of the system when subjected to a severe transient disturbance such as loss of large load or generation. Studying the transient stability of microgrid systems in the standalone utility grid is useful and necessary for improving the design of the microgrid’s architecture.
Evaluation of electrical load estimation in Diyala governorate (Baaquba city) based on fuzzy inference system
Authors: Hameed Siraj Manhal , AL-Qaysi Hayder Khaleel , Kaittan Ali Sachit , Ali Mohammed Hasan
Published: June 2021

The evaluation of electrical load estimation is requisitely of any electrical power system. This manner is needed for system obligation, economical distribution and maintenance time of electrical system. In this paper, we propose electrical load estimation method based on fuzzy inference system which gives accurate results for estimated loads in Iraq (Diyala governorateBaaquba city). And it can assist the electrical generation and distribution system that depends on important parameters (temperature, humidity and the speed of the wind). By considering the parameters temperature, humidity and the speed of the wind. These parameters are applied as inputs to the fuzzy logic control system to obtain the normalize estimated load as output by electing membership functions. It is exceptionally valuable to form a choice by taking into consideration these assessed readings that come to from the proposed FIS that displayed in this paper with precision of 0.969 from the real stack request.
Denoising MAX6675 reading using Kalman filter and factorial design
Authors: Septiana Reski , Roihan Ibnu , Koestoer Raldi A.
Published: June 2021

This paper aims to tune the Kalman filter (KF) input variables, namely measurement error and process noise, based on two-level factorial design. Kalman filter then was applied in inexpensive temperature-acquisition utilizing MAX6675 and K-type thermocouple with Arduino as its microprocessor. Two levels for each input variable, respectively, 0.1 and 0.9, were selected and applied to four K-type thermocouples mounted on MAX6675. Each sensor with a different combination of input variables was used to measure the temperature of ambient-water, boiling water, and sudden temperature drops in the system. The measurement results which consisted of the original and KF readings were evaluated to determine the optimum combination of input variables. It was found that the optimum combination of input variables was highly dependent on the system's dynamics. For systems with relatively constant dynamics, a large value of measurement error and small value of process noise results in higher precision readings. Nevertheless, for fast dynamic systems, the previous input variables' combination is less optimal because it produced a time-gap, which made the KF reading differ from the original measurement. The selection of the optimum input combination using two-level factorial design eased the KF tuning process, resulting in a more precise yet low-cost sensor.
Enhancing light scattering effect of white LEDs with ZnO nanostructures
Authors: Nguyen Thi My Hanh , Phuong Loan Nguyen Thi , Ngoc Hoang Van
Published: June 2021

Pc-LEDs, the lighting method that blends blue LED light with yellow light from phosphor to discharge white radiation, is one of the most advance known for high lumen output. However, pc-LEDs has inferior due to angular CCT deviation, which prevent pc-LEDs from reaching better performance. As a result, this research is conducted to address the need of pc-LEDs development by introducing a configuration doped with ZnO nanoparticles. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method and the phosphor layer containing ZnO were applied in the experiments. The effect of ZnO-filled on the performance of color quality pc-LEDs is confirmed through calculated results. In particular, the uniformity of scattered light is improved with the presence of ZnO. In addition, ZnO particles also minimize the deviation of color temperature and enhance the color quality. Although there is a small decline in lumen output to achieve better color temperature uniformity, however, with suitable concentrations such as 0.25% N-ZnO, 0.25% S-ZnO, and 0. 75% R-ZnO, the decline is acceptable. The research on ZnO pc-LEDs demonstrates that this affordable and simple configuration can improve lighting properties and create other directions to enhance white light
High performance modified bit-vector based packet classification module on low-cost FPGA
Authors: P. Anita , Devi Manju
Published: June 2021

The packet classification plays a significant role in many network systems, which requires the incoming packets to be categorized into different flows and must take specific actions as per functional and application requirements. The network system speed is continuously increasing, so the demand for the packet classifier also increased. Also, the packet classifier's complexity is increased further due to multiple fields should match against a large number of rules. In this manuscript, an efficient and high performance modified bitvector (MBV) based packet classification (PC) is designed and implemented on low-cost Artix-7 FPGA. The proposed MBV based PC employs pipelined architecture, which offers low latency and high throughput for PC. The MBV based PC utilizes <2% slices, operating at 493.102 MHz, and consumes 0.1 W total power on Artix-7 FPGA. The proposed PC considers only 4 clock cycles to classify the incoming packets and provides 74.95 Gbps throughput. The comparative results in terms of hardware utilization and performance efficiency of proposed work with existing similar PC approaches are analyzed with better constraints improvement.
Design and implementation of silicon single-photon avalanche photodiode modeling tool for QKD systems
Authors: Mushatet Adil Fadhil , Khaleel Ahmed Ismael , Tawfeeq Shelan Khasro
Published: June 2021

Single-photon detection concept is the most crucial factor that determines the performance of quantum key distribution (QKD) systems. In this paper, a simulator with time domain visualizers and configurable parameters using continuous time simulation approach is presented for modeling and investigating the performance of single-photon detectors operating in Gieger mode at the wavelength of 830 nm. The widely used C30921S silicon avalanche photodiode was modeled in terms of avalanche pulse, the effect of experiment conditions such as excess voltage, temperature and average photon number on the photon detection efficiency, dark count rate and afterpulse probability. This work shows a general repeatable modeling process for significant performance evaluation. The most remarkable result emerged from the simulated data generated and detected by commercial devices is that the modeling process provides guidance for single-photon detectors design and characterization. The validation and testing results of the single-photon avalanche detectors (SPAD) simulator showed acceptable results with the theoretical and experimental results reported in related references and the device's data sheets.
Model reduction design for continuous systems with finite frequency specifications
Authors: Koumir Miloud , El-Amrani Abderrahim , Boumhidi Ismail
Published: June 2021

This paper is concerned with the problem of model reduction design for continuous systems in Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model. Through the defined FF H∞ gain performance, sufficient conditions are derived to design model reduction and to assure the fuzzy error system to be asymptotically stable with a FF H∞ gain performance index. The explicit conditions of fuzzy model reduction are developed by solving linear matrix inequalities. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Study on viscosity induced contrast in ultrasound color flow imaging of carotid atherosclerosis
Authors: Aowlad Hossain A. B. M. , Saha Dabasish Kumar , Ahmed Ratan Zubair
Published: June 2021

Efficient imaging of blood flow disturbances resulted from carotid atherosclerosis plays a vital role clinically to predict brain stroke risk. Carotid atherosclerosis and its development is closely linked with raised blood viscosity. Therefore, study of viscosity changing hemodynamic effect has importance and it might be useful for improved examination of carotid atherosclerosis incorporating the viscosity induced contrast in conventional ultrasound imaging. This work considered the design of realistic models of atherosclerotic carotid artery of different stages and solved to compute the hemodisturbances using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by finite element method (FEM) to investigate viscosity changes effect. Ultrasound color flow image of velocities of blood have been constructed using phase shift information estimated with autocorrelation of Hilbert transformed simulated backscattered radiofrequency (RF) signals from moving blood particles. The simulated ultrasound images have been compared with CFD simulation images and identified a good match between them. The atherosclerosis stages of the models have been investigated from the estimated velocity data. It has been observed that the blood velocities increase noticeably in carotid atherosclerotic growths and velocity distribution changes with viscosity variations. It is also found importantly that the viscosity induced contrast associated to atherosclerosis is detectable in ultrasound color flow imaging. The findings of this work might be useful for better investigation of carotid atherosclerosis as well as prediction of its progression to reduce the stroke risk.
Color image compression based on spatial and magnitude signal decomposition
Authors: Sultan Bushra A. , George Loay E.
Published: June 2021

In this paper, a simple color image compression system has been proposed using image signal decomposition. Where, the RGB image color band is converted to the less correlated YUV color model and the pixel value (magnitude) in each band is decomposed into 2-values; most and least significant. According to the importance of the most significant value (MSV) that influenced by any simply modification happened, an adaptive lossless image compression system is proposed using bit plane (BP) slicing, delta pulse code modulation (Delta PCM), adaptive quadtree (QT) partitioning followed by an adaptive shift encoder. On the other hand, a lossy compression system is introduced to handle the least significant value (LSV), it is based on an adaptive, error bounded coding system, and it uses the DCT compression scheme. The performance of the developed compression system was analyzed and compared with those attained from the universal standard JPEG, and the results of applying the proposed system indicated its performance is comparable or better than that of the JPEG standards.
Frequency based signal processing technique for pulse modulation ground penetrating radar system
Authors: Che Ku Melor Che Ku Nor Azie Hailma , Joret Ariffuddin , Razali Maryanti , Ponniran Asmarashid , Sulong Muhammad Suhaimi , Omar Rosli
Published: June 2021

This paper discusses the method of processing the pulse modulation (PM) ground penetrating radar (GPR) system to detect an embedded object underground. The proposed technique is using frequency domain operation which can be classified based on two parameters which are magnitude and phase. The process of detecting the position and depth of iron objects in dry sandy soil is easier to identify using the techniques and parameters that have been introduced. The selection of the Dipole antenna as a sensor device to detect iron objects has been designed in a frequency range of 70 MHz to 80 MHz. Based on the simulation, the proposed technique seems to be able to detect underground iron objects. By using the magnitude value, the underground iron object that can be detected as displayed in GPR radargram is in the depth range from 0 mm until 1000 mm. Meanwhile, by using the phase value, the embedded underground iron object detected is in the range of depth between 900 mm and 1000 mm. Therefore, based on this promising result, the proposed technique and parameters are considered to be used in
Palm print recognition based on harmony search algorithm
Authors: Mustafa Raniah Ali , Chyad Haitham Salman , Haleot Rafid Aedan
Published: June 2021

Due to its stabilized and distinctive properties, the palmprint is considered a physiological biometric. Recently, palm print recognition has become one of the foremost desired identification methods. This manuscript presents a new recognition palm print scheme based on a harmony search algorithm by computing the Gaussian distribution. The first step in this scheme is preprocessing, which comprises the segmentation, according to the characteristics of the geometric shape of palmprint, the region of interest (ROI) of palmprint was cut off. After the processing of the ROI image is taken as input related to the harmony search algorithm for extracting the features of the palmprint images through using many parameters for the harmony search algorithm, Finally, Gaussian distribution has been used for computing distance between features for region palm print images, in order to recognize the palm print images for persons by training and testing a set of images, The scheme which has been proposed using palmprint databases, was provided by College of Engineering Pune (COEP), the Hong Kong Polytechnic University (HKPU), Experimental results have shown the effectiveness of the suggested recognition system for palm print with regards to the rate of recognition that reached approximately 92.60%.
Performance assessment of VoIP service over different handover mechanisms in UMTS networks
Authors: Kadhim Qusay Jalil , Alsahlany Ali M. , Hassan Hadi Ahmed
Published: June 2021

Many researchers have discussed various topics in universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS) networks: the process of switching from one cell to another for the subscriber and the impact of the quality of the connection during the transition process, quality of services (QoS), the quality of the uplink and downlink carrier line, the various types of code for the voice transmitted through the Internet, especially the research that discussed voice over internet protocol (VoIP) technology as voice travels from cell to cell in mobile networks, depending on the type of delivery. In this paper, a proposed scenario of a UMTS network was implemented to evaluate the multicellular VoIP movement; the proposed UMTS network was simulated using the OPNET 14.5 simulator. The calculation and analysis of the different parameters of the user while moving from one cell to another with different movement speeds considered, the best mean opinion score (MOS) value (3.19) registered for the scenario (soft handover) comparing with another type of handover (3.00).
An energy aware scheme for layered chain in underwater wireless sensor networks using genetic algorithm
Authors: Souiki Sihem , Irid Sidi Mohamed Hadj , Hadjila Mourad
Published: June 2021

Extending the network lifetime is a very challenging problem that needs to be taken into account during routing data in wireless sensor networks in general and particularly in underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSN). For this purpose, the present paper proposes a multilayer chain based on genetic algorithm routing (MCGA) for routing data from nodes to the sink. This algorithm consists to create a limited number of local chains constructed by using genetic algorithm in order to obtain the shortest path between nodes; furthermore, a leader node (LN) is elected in each chain followed by constructing a global chain containing LNs. The selection of the LN in the closest chain to the sink is as follows: Initially, the closest node to sink is elected LN in this latter because all nodes have initially the same energy value; then the future selection of the LN is based on the residual energy of the nodes. LNs in the other chains are selected based on the proximity to the previous LNs. Data transmission is performed in two steps: intra-chain transmission and inter-chain transmission. Furthermore, MCGA is simulated for different scenarios of mobility and density of nodes in the networks. The performance evaluation of the proposed technique shows a considerable reduction in terms of energy consumption and network lifespan.
Down syndrome detection using modified adaboost algorithm
Authors: V. K Vincy Devi , R. Rajesh
Published: June 2021

In human body genetic codes are stored in the genes. All of our inherited traits are associated with these genes and are grouped as structures generally called chromosomes. In typical cases, each cell consists of 23 pairs of chromosomes, out of which each parent contributes half. But if a person has a partial or full copy of chromosome 21, the situation is called Down syndrome. It results in intellectual disability, reading impairment, developmental delay, and other medical abnormalities. There is no specific treatment for Down syndrome. Thus, early detection and screening of this disability are the best styles for down syndrome prevention. In this work, recognition of Down syndrome utilizes a set of facial expression images. Solid geometric descriptor is employed for extracting the facial features from the image set. An AdaBoost method is practiced to gather the required data sets and for the categorization. The extracted information is then assigned and used to instruct the Neural Network using Backpropagation algorithm. This work recorded that the presented model meets the requirement with 98.67% accuracy.
Learning games creation: IMIE model
Authors: Abarkan Ali , Saaidi Abderrahim , Yakhlef Majid Ben
Published: June 2021

In this article, we propose a new model for the learning games design, which aims to enrich and solve the problems of existing models. From the work carried out around the models of educational games, we carefully identify a series of steps to follow, taking into account the simplicity, ease of adaptation and the integration of several factors interest such as the integration of a set sub-models treated pedagogically define the pedagogical side in the game, also the distribution of the intervening necessary for each of the stages to ensure better collaboration between them, for the purpose to helping the creators to trace their path from the start of the creation, in order to achieve the best example of games with an adequate oscillation pedagogical-fun, that will meet the requirements of existing classical teaching methods.
Smart detection of offensive words in social media using the soundex algorithm and permuterm index
Authors: Alksasbeh Malek Z. , Alqaralleh Bassam A. Y. , Abukhalil Tamer , Abukaraki Anas , Al Rawashdeh Tawfiq , Al-Jaafreh Moha'med
Published: June 2021

Offensive posts in the social media that are inappropriate for a specific age, level of maturity, or impression are quite often destined more to unadult than adult participants. Nowadays, the growth in the number of the masked offensive words in the social media is one of the ethically challenging problems. Thus, there has been growing interest in development of methods that can automatically detect posts with such words. This study aimed at developing a method that can detect the masked offensive words in which partial alteration of the word may trick the conventional monitoring systems when being posted on social media. The proposed method progresses in a series of phases that can be broken down into a pre-processing phase, which includes filtering, tokenization, and stemming; offensive word extraction phase, which relies on using the soundex algorithm and permuterm index; and a post-processing phase that classifies the users’ posts in order to highlight the offensive content. Accordingly, the method detects the masked offensive words in the written text, thus forbidding certain types of offensive words from being published. Results of evaluation of performance of the proposed method indicate a 99% accuracy of detection of offensive words.
Security aware information classification in health care big data
Authors: Funde Snehalata K. , Swain Gandharba
Published: June 2021

These days e-medical services frameworks are getting famous for taking care of patients from far-off spots, so a lot of medical services information like the patient’s name, area, contact number, states of being are gathered distantly to treat the patients. A lot of information gathered from the different assets is named big data. The enormous sensitive information about the patient contains delicate data like systolic BP, pulse, temperature, the current state of being, and contact number of patients that should be recognized and sorted appropriately to shield it from abuse. This article presents a weightbased similarity (WBS) strategy to characterize the enormous information of health care data into two classifications like sensitive information and normal information. In the proposed method, the training dataset is utilized to sort information and it comprises of three fundamental advances like information extraction, mapping of information with the assistance of the training dataset, evaluation of the weight of input data with the threshold value to classify the data. The proposed strategy produces better outcomes with various assessment boundaries like precision, recall, F1 score, and accuracy value 92% to categorize the big data. Weka tool is utilized for examination among WBS and different existing order procedures.
NLP-based personal learning assistant for school education
Authors: Mathew Ann Neethu , V. Rohini , Paulose Joy
Published: June 2021

Computer-based knowledge and computation systems are becoming major sources of leverage for multiple industry segments. Hence, educational systems and learning processes across the world are on the cusp of a major digital transformation. This paper seeks to explore the concept of an artificial intelligence and natural language processing (NLP) based intelligent tutoring system (ITS) in the context of computer education in primary and secondary schools. One of the components of an ITS is a learning assistant, which can enable students to seek assistance as and when they need, wherever they are. As part of this research, a pilot prototype chatbot was developed, to serve as a learning assistant for the subject Scratch (Scratch is a graphical utility used to teach school children the concepts of programming). By the use of an open source natural language understanding (NLU) or NLP library, and a slackbased UI, student queries were input to the chatbot, to get the sought explanation as the answer. Through a two-stage testing process, the chatbot’s NLP extraction and information retrieval performance were evaluated. The testing results showed that the ontology modelling for such a learning assistant was done relatively accurately, and shows its potential to be pursued as a cloud-based solution in future.
Improving content, organization, vocabulary, language use, and mechanics using Movie Trailer Media
Authors: Pongsapan Nehru Pasoloran , Patak Andi Anto
Published: June 2021

Writing implicates conveying or communicating ideas or thoughts obliges the media either in conventional (paper and pen) or digital material (computer). This research applied a pre-experimental approach with one group pretest and post-test design. The independent variable is movie trailers as teaching media. The dependent variable is students' writing skills consist of content, organization, vocabulary, language use, and mechanics. This research indicated a significant difference in writing skills before and after the treatment using movie trailers with narrative text. There were 30 writing class students participated in this research; hence, they are homogeneous. Students seemed to be more encouraged to learn more about writing skills with enjoyable and relaxing strategies. This research signposted significant impact on the movie trailer's usage of writing skills’ improvement. Movie trailers could be used as one of the learning media to foster students' resolution in telling stories in writing based on the imagination that comes after watching. Therefore, this research recommends using a movie trailer as one strategy to improve the students' writing ability.