bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biophysical methods in structural cell biology
Authors: Agbandje-McKenna Mavis , Edison Arthur S , McKenna Robert
Published: November 2023

Over the past several decades biophysical methods have become essentials tools for studying biology at the molecular level, and have become an inter disciplinary subject with interplay into biology, chemistry, and physics. It has also become very apparent that the instrumentation and methods used are key components for elucidating structure and function at the molecular level. Biological processes are governed by numerous intricate arrays of macro molecular interactions. The role of the structure biologist is to visualize these interactions in three dimensions. This is essential for a full understanding of these interactions, as ‘seeing is believing’, and provides a means whereby strategies can be devised to ‘correct’ interactions that go wrong or ‘prevent’ undesirable interactions caused by diseases.
Sterilization
Authors: Roberts Peter L
Published: November 2023

Effective sterilization techniques are essential prerequisites for practising the art of cell culture. Cell cultures provide an ideal environment for the growth of micro-organisms including viruses, and it is only by excluding such agents that cells can be successfully cultured and meaningful experimentation can be carried out. In this chapter the various methods used for sterilization will be reviewed including some theoretical background but concentrating on practical aspects of their use. In addition to cellular micro-organisms, the unique problems posed by viruses and prions will be considered. For further general background information see refs. 1–3.
The quality control of cell lines and the prevention, detection, and cure of contamination
Authors: Bolton B J , Packer P
Published: November 2023

The use of animal cell cultures is widespread and encompasses a large range of scientific disciplines. Central to this application of tissue culture technique is the routine maintenance of cells in a way in which the researcher can be assured that the material is contaminant-free. Quality control procedures cannot be viewed as an ‘optional’ extra and are not solely for use when the material is first received or derived in the laboratory. Guidelines must be set for continuous monitoring with the emphasis placed on day-to-day vigilance; in addition, full awareness by technical staff of the potential for problems to occur is a necessity. The overall state of health of a culture is one of the most significant of the criteria applied as part of routine observation, as not all contaminants are overt. It should always be borne in mind that an infection can become widespread amongst cultures before gross indications are seen and subsequent remedial steps taken.
Receptor binding studies
Authors: lzotova Lara , Pestka Sidney
Published: November 2023

The interferons (IFNs) are a family of proteins which elicit a multitude of cellular responses including antiviral, antiproliferative, and immunoregulatory activities. There are four classes of interferons that have been isolated and characterized (1-11). These are the leucocyte or interferon alpha (IFN-a), fibroblast or interferon beta (IFN-13), immune or interferon gamma (IFN-y), and interferon omega (IFN-w). Binding to a specific cell-surface receptor is a necessary, but not sufficient, condition for cellular activation in the case of the IFN-y system (12-16). IFN-a, IFN-13, and IFN-w share a common receptor complex that is distinct from the IFN-y receptor complex (5, 10, 11, 16, 17).
T cells and cytoklnes
Authors: Marini J C , Cohen S B A
Published: November 2023

T cells are lymphocytes that develop and differentiate in the thymus before seeding the secondary lymphoid tissues. Two main subsets of T cells can be distinguished according to their expression of the CD4 or CDS molecule. CD4 T cells recognize antigen in association with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules and act predominantly as helper T cells. CDS T cells recognize antigen in association with MHC class I molecules and are responsible for the cytotoxic destruction of virally infected cells.
Leukocyte cell adhesion interactions
Authors: Gahmberg Carl G , Valmu Leena , Hilden Tiina J , Ihanus Eveliina , Tian Li , Nyman Henrietta , Lehto Ulla , Uppala Asko , Ranta Tanja-Maria , Koivunen Erkki
Published: November 2023

During the past 20–25 years, cell adhesion has become a major object of study (1, 2) and, among its various subdisciplines, leukocyte adhesion certainly plays a pivotal role. There are two major reasons for the fact that research on leukocyte adhesion is flourishing: the various leukocyte subgroups and a number of leukocyte ‘antigens’ have been throughly studied and are now relatively well characterized by immunologists and scientists studying, for example, infectious diseases, leukaemias, and lymphomas; and it is now realized that many of the major diseases affecting mankind involve leukocytes. Therefore, much of what we currently know about cell adhesion in general derives from studies on leukocyte adhesion molecules. In contrast to most cells in mammals, the majority of leukocytes circulate in the body and accumulate in lymphoid organs and in altered tissues due to infections or for other reasons such as cancer. Therefore, leukocytes are usually not constitutively adhesive but need activation to attach. This fact is in contrast to most other cells where adhesion is not as strictly regulated or is regulated for other reasons. This has resulted in the mechanisms of activation of leukocyte adhesion becoming a major focus of study, and here we certainly have an advantage as compared with many other systems (3, 4).
Cognitive-Behavior Theory
Authors: Walsh Joseph
Published: November 2023

The cognitive and behavior theories present different perspectives on human behavior. Practitioners may use one or the other as a guiding framework for clinical practice, but the theories are often integrated into a holistic approach to working with clients. Cognitive theory focuses on the rationality of one’s thinking patterns and the connections among thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. It also emphasizes the client’s need to practice new skills and complete “homework” assignments between sessions. Behavior theory is not so much concerned with internal processes but provides advanced strategies for changing the reinforcers of human behavior. These theories are quite different from the reflective theories discussed in chapter 4, as they deny the significance of unconscious mental processes. However, reflective discussion of here and now issues is still critical.
The Impact of Religion on Social Work’s Relationship with Volunteers
Authors: Sherr Michael E
Published: November 2023

This chapter examines the interconnection between religion, volunteerism, and social work. After a brief review of the foundations for volunteer service of several world religions, the chapter explores the important sociological function religious groups play in promoting volunteer service, the scope of volunteer contributions made by religious groups, and social work’s skittishness with religion and how that has affected the relationship with volunteers.
The Context-Specific Optimal Partnership Model
Authors: Sherr Michael E
Published: November 2023

This chapter presents the context-specific optimal partnership model (CSOP) as an alternative approach for guiding social work practice with volunteers. Instead of developing services with predetermined roles and expectations, the CSOP model allows the unique circumstances of an issue to determine who is involved and what roles each sector plays in developing policies and programs.
Putting the Context-Specific Optimal Partnership Model into Action
Authors: Sherr Michael E
Published: November 2023

The previous chapter set forth the csop model for social work practice with volunteers. Instead of predetermining the roles of public, private, professional, religious, and volunteer sectors, this model allows the unique circumstances of each issue to determine who is involved and what roles each sector plays in developing policies and programs. In this chapter, three case examples illustrate the model. In two of the cases, the social workers are volunteers who play important roles in developing the partnerships. In the other case, the social worker is hired as a consultant.
Short-Term vs Long -Term Dilemmas
Authors: Strom-Gottfried Kim
Published: November 2023

Short-term vs. long-term dilemmas pit immediate benefits and risks against more distant problems and prospects. These dilemmas typically deal with consequences and thus might be thought of as falling within the scope of utilitarian ethical theories. Competing goods are obviously involved when one must choose between urgent needs or desires and future aspirations or possibilities. Because it is easier to anticipate immediate rewards or harms, the particular risk in such dilemmas is that the decision maker focuses solely on the short term while ignoring impacts that may arise in the future.
Theresa J. Kaijage: The ‘‘Mama Teresa’’ of Tanzania
Authors: Gilbert Dorie J
Published: November 2023

The opportunity to write this chapter has only reinforced my high regard for Theresa Kaijage. I met her years ago and have followed her work closely because of our shared interest in HIV/AIDS work among African-descent people in the diaspora. To interview her for this book was a great opportunity to sit down with her and hear about how her life and career path led her to a leadership role in the social work field. And so it was, on her recent trip to the United States to give an invited talk and to visit family, friends, and colleagues, that I was able to sit down with her at my home in Austin, Texas, to discuss.
Sister Patricia Schlosser: From SROs to Women Exiting Prison—A True Pioneer
Authors: O’Brien Patricia
Published: November 2023

Sr. Patricia Schlosser, OSF, has lived by the maxim attributed to St. Francis of Assisi: ‘‘Preach and, if necessary, use words.’’ Sr. Patricia has dedicated her professional life to work with the most vulnerable in different settings, including trailblazing work with women attempting to find their way from prison to family and community life at a time when social services simply did not exist to address the needs of that population. Hers is a long story, spanning more than forty years of dedication. This chapter celebrates her special contributions and demonstrates some common themes to remind social workers of the day-by-day good they can do as catalysts for change. Sr. Patricia’s story reminds us to press on, even in the face of difficulties and challenging circumstances and systems. I am indebted to Sr. Patricia for the long conversations and years of collegial partnership that inspired this reflection on her life’s work.
A Framework for the Analysis and Comparison of Clinical Theories of Induced Change
Authors: Fischer Joel
Published: November 2023

In the process of knowledge-building for social work, one of the profession’s great strengths and one of its most serious weaknesses lies in its “integrative” nature: the tendency to select from other areas knowledge appropriate for the practice of social work. The strength of this orientation is the potential flexibility such selection allows our profession; unattached as we hypothetically are to a specific professional theory, we are free to seek out and utilize from other disciplines whatever may be efficacious in work with our clients. The flaw in the process, though, lies in the paucity of available material that can serve as a reasoned guide for the study and selection of material from sources external to the profession. We therefore tend to be rather haphazard in our choices, and, as the periodic upheavals in the state of both our knowledge and our practice might well testify, frequently fail to evaluate critically what we do select, often to the detriment of our client populations.
Do Social Workers Understand Research?
Authors: Fischer Joel
Published: November 2023

It is widely accepted among social work educators that the profession should be scientifically based and grounded in empirical research. This is reflected in both the Council on Social Work Education’s official MSW curriculum policy statement and the CSWE Task Force Report on Research in the MSW Curriculum. This latter report states that the MSW curriculum should prepare students for intelligent consumption of, and participation in research. And at the 1973 Annual Program Meeting of CSWE, a keynote speaker proposed that the curriculum be restructured in a way that would make evaluative research a core component of training for effective practice. In short, there can be no doubt that the interface of research and practice is crucial to the profession.
Measurement of Client Problems for Improved Practice
Authors: Fischer Joel
Published: November 2023

During the past few years, clinical social work practice and the way it is taught in the classroom have been changing in at least four important ways. First, social work practitioners are making greater efforts to be more specific in defining the problem to be treated and in identifying the specific treatment or intervention techniques to be employed. Second, they are becoming more eclectic in their use of theory, knowledge, and technique as a basis for planning and directing change efforts (Fischer, 1978). Third, they are making better use of some of the tools of science in order to monitor and evaluate intervention efforts and client problems for the purpose of increasing the likelihood of a more positive outcome for the client (Hudson, 1978b). Finally, as a consequence of these innovations, social work practitioners are increasingly using the tools of measurement as a basis for detecting, recording, and assessing the nature and degree of client problems and the extent of change or stability. Whereas other chapters of this book present discussion, direction, and guidelines for understanding and using the first three practice innovations or directions, this chapter provides an introductory level of instruction and guidelines for the productive use of measurement for improving practice. It is intended to help social workers who want to practice more effectively to more accurately detect and report the consequences of their treatment or intervention efforts and to more accurately monitor, assess, and reflect the nature and degree of client problems and problem changes.
Whatever Happened to Eclecticism? An Analysis of Psychotherapy Integration, the Latest Psychotherapeutic Fad
Authors: Fischer Joel
Published: November 2023

Is psychotherapy integration possible? Is psychotherapy integration desirable? Is psychotherapy integration necessary? These three questions are at the heart of my attempt in this chapter to provide an analysis of the state of development of psychotherapy integration. The analysis is organized into five parts.
Multiscale physiological responses to nitrogen supplementation of maize hybrids
Authors: Ying Sheng , Webster Brandon , Gomez-Cano Lina , Shivaiah Kiran-Kumar , Wang Qianjie , Newton Linsey , Grotewold Erich , Thompson Addie , Lundquist Peter K
Published: November 2023

Maize (Zea mays) production systems are heavily reliant on the provision of managed inputs such as fertilizers to maximize growth and yield. Hence, the effective use of nitrogen (N) fertilizer is crucial to minimize the associated financial and environmental costs, as well as maximize yield. However, how to effectively utilize N inputs for increased grain yields remains a substantial challenge for maize growers that requires a deeper understanding of the underlying physiological responses to N fertilizer application. We report a multiscale investigation of five field-grown maize hybrids under low or high N supplementation regimes that includes the quantification of phenolic and prenyl-lipid compounds, cellular ultrastructural features, and gene expression traits at three developmental stages of growth. Our results reveal that maize perceives the lack of supplemented N as a stress and, when provided with additional N, will prolong vegetative growth. However, the manifestation of the stress and responses to N supplementation are highly hybrid-specific. Eight genes were differentially expressed in leaves in response to N supplementation in all tested hybrids and at all developmental stages. These genes represent potential biomarkers of N status and include two isoforms of Thiamine Thiazole Synthase involved in vitamin B1 biosynthesis. Our results uncover a detailed view of the physiological responses of maize hybrids to N supplementation in field conditions that provides insight into the interactions between management practices and the genetic diversity within maize.
Chloride, glutathiones, and insect-derived elicitors introduced into the xylem trigger electrical signaling
Authors: Gao Yong-Qiang , Morin Hugo , Marcourt Laurence , Yang Tsu-Hao , Wolfender Jean-Luc , Farmer Edward E
Published: November 2023

Ricca assays allow the direct introduction of compounds extracted from plants or the organisms that attack them into the leaf vasculature. Using chromatographic fractionation of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaf extracts, we found glutamate was the most active low mass elicitor of membrane depolarization. However, other known elicitors of membrane depolarization are generated in the wound response. These include unstable aglycones generated by glucosinolate (GSL) breakdown. None of the aglycone-derived GSL-breakdown products, including nitriles and isothiocyanates, that we tested using Ricca assays triggered electrical activity. Instead, we found that glutathione and the GSL-derived compound sulforaphane glutathione triggered membrane depolarizations. These findings identify a potential link between GSL breakdown and glutathione in the generation of membrane depolarizing signals. Noting that the chromatographic fractionation of plant extracts can dilute or exchange ions, we found that Cl− caused glutamate receptor-like3.3-dependent membrane depolarizations. In summary, we show that, in addition to glutamate, glutathione derivatives as well as chloride ions will need to be considered as potential elicitors of wound-response membrane potential change. Finally, by introducing aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae) extracts or the flagellin-derived peptide flg22 into the leaf vasculature we extend the use of Ricca assays for the exploration of insect/plant and bacteria/plant interactions.
Development and validation of a predictive tool for adverse drug reactions in neonates under intensive care
Authors: Leopoldino Ramon Weyler , Marques Daniel Paiva , Rocha Luan Carvalho , Medeiros Fernandes Flávia Evelyn , Oliveira Antonio Gouveia , Martins Rand Randall
Published: November 2023

Aims

Neonates hospitalized in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) commonly experience adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Thus, we aimed to develop and validate a tool for predicting ADRs in neonates hospitalized in NICUs.

Methods

A nested case–control study in an open cohort with neonates admitted to the NICU of a maternity hospital in Natal, Brazil was conducted from January 2019 to January 2022 [Correction added on 4 December 2023, after first online publication: 2023 has been changed to 2019 in the preceding sentence.]. Neonates with ADR were randomly paired with 2 controls. For the development of the tool, a multivariate logistic regression was applied on 2/3 of the sample (cases with respective controls). The model's fit was evaluated using the Hosmer–Lemeshow test for calibration and the Brier score for performance assessment. Validation of the tool was performed by determining the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve with bootstrap adjusted c‐statistics.

Results

In all, 450 neonates (150 cases and 300 controls) were included in the study. We identified 5 independent risk factors for ADR, 4 related to the neonate (current mechanical ventilation, heart rate ≥178 beats/min, intravenous medications, ≥5 prescription medications) and 1 to the mother (gestational hypertension). The tool had a classification cut‐off point of ≥15, and its total score ranged from 0 to 34. In validation, the tool had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.74 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.66–0.81) with sensitivity of 52.02% (95% CI 47.40–56.64) and specificity of 81.35% (95% CI 77.75–84.95).

Conclusion

The tool demonstrated adequate discriminative ability and utilized 5 commonly monitored variables in the NICU.
‘It gives me more freedom’: Family perspectives on travelling with children on nocturnal ventilation
Authors: Riley Mollie , Brotherston Stephanie , Samuels Martin , Pike Katharine C. , Kelly Paula
Published: November 2023

Background

Children with neuromuscular weakness or central hypoventilation often require nocturnal ventilation. Children with these conditions are living longer and the numbers of children affected are increasing. The challenges associated with managing ventilation at home have been documented; however, there has been limited investigation into accessing wider experiences such as travel. Air travel, in particular, may be considered challenging for children with these conditions because oxygen levels are lower in airplane cabins than at sea levels.

Objective

We sought to understand experiences of and attitudes towards travel amongst families of children using nocturnal ventilation for neuromuscular weakness or central hypoventilation.

Methods

Two semi‐structured interviews were conducted amongst participants enrolled in a trial of a new pre‐flight assessment of their tolerance of reduced oxygen levels during flight (known as a hypoxic challenge test). Children participating in the trial were aged 19 months to 18 years. Parents were interviewed and provided proxy views for younger children, and older children were encouraged to present their own views during these interviews. One interview was conducted immediately after the assessment, and a second 3 months later. Data were analysed utilising the framework approach to thematic analysis.

Results

Seventeen families participated in the first interview with 14 of these families completing the follow‐up interview. Three further families participated in the follow‐up interview only. Here, we report three themes relating to participant experience of travel and how this is impacted by their condition. The three themes and their sub‐themes were (1) insight into children's lives: hospital attendances, gaining knowledge and confidence, and child as a person; (2) travelling with your child: planes, trains and automobiles, rules of air travel, and uncertainty; and (3) the meaning of travel: normalisation, connection to extended family, expanded experiences, and freedom and equality.

Conclusions

This population of children and their families aspire to travel but face challenges from clinical and social barriers. It is essential that we further our understanding of the physiological, social and cultural aspects of their experience to facilitate their access to broadened life experiences.
Exploring the Daily Hassles of Neophyte Cycling Coaches
Authors: Wood Samuel , Richardson David , Roberts Simon J. , Fletcher David
Published: November 2023

Sport coaching is increasingly acknowledged as a stressful activity, especially for those coaching in community contexts. This highlights the significant need to identify the diverse sources of key stressors. The aim of this research was to explore the recurrent stressors experienced by novice coaches to better inform their coping strategies and reduce the dropout rate caused by stress. The novelty of this research lies in its longitudinal exploration of the daily hassles experienced by community sport coaches within their coaching role. Ontologically and epistemologically positioned within the interpretivist paradigm, we interviewed eight recently qualified cycling coaches over an 18-month period. Reflective thematic analysis developed three themes highlighting sources of stress over time: at the start of their participation, coaches discussed the hassles of accessing facilities and struggling to fit in; toward the end of their participation, coaches discussed feeling isolated. Results from this study can better inform the education and support delivered by national governing bodies of sport across the community and club landscape and increase sport psychology practitioners’ awareness of the daily hassles experienced by coaches.
Supplemental Material: Middle Devonian, late Carboniferous, and Triassic magmatic flare-ups in eastern Armorica (Sakarya Zone, Turkey) as revealed by detrital zircon U-Pb-Hf isotopic data
Authors: Topuz Gültekin , et al.
Published: November 2023

Figure S1: Comparative columnar sections of the Anatolide-Tauride Block and the Sakarya Zone. Figure S2: Field pictures. Figure S3: Thin-section micrographs showing microtextural features of the sandstone samples studied. Figure S4: CL images of dated zircon grains. Figure S5: REE patterns of the dated zircon grains. Figure S6: Variation of U/Th, U/Yb, and Nb/Yb ratios of the detrital zircon grains dated with age. Figure S7: U-Pb detrital zircon age histograms and probability density curves for literature data. Table S1: Coordinates of the dated samples. Tables S2–S3: U-Pb and Hf metadata. Table S4: U-Pb-Th isotopic data and trace-element compositions of zircons. Table S5: Hf isotopic data of zircons.
Glycemic Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with COVID-19 Admitted to Referral Shahid Sayad Shirazi Hospital in Gorgan, North of Iran
Authors: Kordrostami Saba , Zahedi Maryam , Rajabi Abdolhalim , Eskandari-Nejad Shahab
Published: November 2023

Background. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common chronic diseases, the main manifestation of which is hyperglycemia, and is accompanied by many complications. Since the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, several studies have reported the occurrence of various complications associated with different degrees of hyperglycemia in COVID-19 patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate the glycemic characteristics and clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Methods. In this cross-sectional study, 418 patients with COVID-19 were evaluated in terms of hyperglycemia and its related factors, as well as the relationship between hyperglycemia and the outcome of the disease. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS software. Results. In the present study, 350 (83.7%) out of 418 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 had hyperglycemia and 193 (55.1%) of the patients with hyperglycemia were women. 169 (48.4%) of patients with hyperglycemia during hospitalization were already diabetic. The mean age was higher in COVID-19 patients with hyperglycemia (

P

 < 0.001), and systolic blood pressure and respiratory rate were also higher in them (

P

 = 0.005 and

P

 = 0.013, respectively). In patients with hyperglycemia, oxygen saturation (SpO2) at the time of admission and discharge was lower than other patients (

P

 < 0.001). The frequency of hypertension in the patients with hyperglycemia was significantly higher than in nonhyperglycemic patients (

P

 < 0.001 vs. 0.014). The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of hyperglycemic patients was significantly lower than other patients (

P

 < 0.001). Also, there was a significant inverse relationship between eGFR values and fasting (FBS) and random blood sugar (BS) (r = 0.328 and r = 0.310,

P

 < 0.001). On the other hand, there was a direct relationship between FBS and random BS in patients with hyperglycemia with the dose of corticosteroids (r = 0.146 and r = 0.158,

P

 < 0.01). In total, 8.2% of the patients died, although the FBS and random BS and a history of DM were not risk factors for the death of patients (

P

 < 0.05). Conclusion. The findings of our study showed that hyperglycemia is highly prevalent in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Hyperglycemia in previously nondiabetics appears to be associated with decreased eGFR in COVID-19 patients.
Figure S3 from PRMT5 Inhibitors Regulate DNA Damage Repair Pathways in Cancer Cells and Improve Response to PARP Inhibition and Chemotherapies
Authors: Carter Jack , Hulse Michael , Sivakumar Monisha , Burtell Jessica , Thodima Venkat , Wang Min , Agarwal Anjana , Vykuntam Komali , Spruance Jacob , Bhagwat Neha , Rager Joseph , Ruggeri Bruce , Scherle Peggy , Ito Koichi
Published: November 2023

ChIP-PCR validation and pICln ChIP-PCR
Ler o mundo: o jornalismo na perspectiva da ação educativa – um estudo sobre a Revista E do Sesc São Paulo
Authors: Paulics Adriana Reis
Published: November 2023

A pesquisa investiga as aproximações entre Jornalismo e Educação a partir de um estudo de caso sobre a Revista E, criada e mantida pelo Sesc São Paulo. Analisa as características de uma publicação jornalística realizada com intencionalidade educativa para identificar os fundamentos e traçar paradigmas do Jornalismo comprometido com a Educação, a partir de referenciais da mediação cultural e sob a ótica da educação não formal. A pesquisa parte da pergunta-problema: Que características de uma publicação jornalística permitem compreendê-la para além do compromisso de informar, aproximando-a também de uma ação educativa? A metodologia adotada é a pesquisa qualitativa embasada em revisão de literatura e em estudo de caso.
Ciberviolência e ressignificação discursiva: o ódio contra universidade brasileira
Authors: Ponsoni Samuel
Published: November 2023

A partir de bases teóricas bem específicas, a saber a análise do discurso de matriz francesa, ampliada por meio de noções do conceito de ciberviolência e ressignificação discursivas, costuradas, sobretudo, pelas formulações teóricas de Marie-Anne Paveau, este artigo visa compreender como os denominados discursos de ódio, produzidos por diversos posicionamentos políticos nas mídias digitais, especificamente contra ciência, saberes científicos e contra a própria universidade brasileira, são ressignificados em discursos contra os agressores, criando, assim, imagens discursivas positivas e resistentes aos agredidos inicialmente. Portanto, é dessas questões que buscamos o principal objetivo deste trabalho.
Reflexões sobre a promoção da diversidade cultural diante dos processos de digitalização e plataformização do campo da cultura
Authors: Oliveira Danilo Junior de
Published: November 2023

Este artigo discute a promoção da diversidade cultural no contexto de digitalização e plataformização do campo cultural. O desenvolvimento das tecnologias de informação e comunicação tem transformado a produção e o consumo cultural, possibilitando inovações nas linguagens artísticas e no comércio virtual de bens e serviços culturais. No entanto, a desigualdade no acesso às tecnologias, a atuação pouco transparente das grandes plataformas e a predominância de uma orientação comercial dos algoritmos comprometem a promoção da diversidade cultural. Analisam-se os riscos para os direitos fundamentais e para a diversidade cultural, bem como expõem-se algumas das medidas implementadas pelo Estado brasileiro e por organizações internacionais para mitigar esses impactos.
Association Between Advanced Glycation End Products and Sarcopenia: The Mediating Role of Osteoporosis
Authors: Zhang Xingyu , Chen Xiaoyu , Li Shengjie , Gao Mengze , Han Peipei , Cao Liou , Gao Jing , Tao Qiongying , Zhai Jiayi , Liang Dongyu , Qin Li , Guo Qi
Published: November 2023

Context

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are a group of molecules formed through nonenzymatic reactions. These compounds are associated with several age-related diseases, including sarcopenia and osteoporosis.

Objective

This work aimed to investigate the relationships between AGEs, osteoporosis, and sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included 1991 older adults aged 72.37 ± 5.90 years from China. AGE levels were measured by the AGE Reader device. Bone mineral density was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and osteoporosis was diagnosed based on a T score of less than −2.5. Sarcopenia was defined as loss of muscle mass plus loss of muscle strength and/or reduced physical performance. Presarcopenia was defined as low muscle mass with normal muscle strength and normal physical performance.

Results

The prevalence of sarcopenia was 18.5%, and that of osteoporosis was 40.5%. Compared to the lowest AGE quartile, the highest AGE quartile showed a significant association with sarcopenia (odds ratio [OR] 2.42; 95% CI, 1.60-3.66) (P for trend <.001), but not with presarcopenia. Per-SD increase in AGE was associated with higher odds of sarcopenia (OR 1.44; 95% CI, 1.26-1.66). Additionally, in the mediation analysis, when AGEs were treated as a continuous variable (the mediation effect is denoted by Za*Zb = 18.81; 95% CI, 8.07-32.32]—the 95% CI does not contain zero, representing a significant mediating effect) or a categorical variable (the mediating effect is expressed as Zmediation = 3.01 > 1.96, which represents a significant mediating effect), osteoporosis played a partial mediating role in the association between AGEs and sarcopenia.

Conclusion

Elevated AGEs are associated with sarcopenia but not with presarcopenia. This association was partially mediated by osteoporosis.
Menino 23: a história não contada
Authors: Da Silva Duarte Luana Cristine
Published: November 2023

O documentário “Menino 23 – infâncias perdidas no Brasil”, dirigido por Belisário Franca e com roteiro de Bianca Lenti, retrata parte de uma história que não foi contada. O filme inicia a narração com o evento de tijolos com a insígnia da suástica, emblema do nazismo alemão, encontrados em 1990 na fazenda da família Rocha Miranda, em Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo. No entanto, esse fato só ficou conhecido em 1998, tornando-se público somente em 2011 com a tese de doutorado do professor Sidney Aguilar Filho, intitulada “Educação, autoritarismo e eugenia: exploração do trabalho e violência à infância desamparada no Brasil (1930-1945)”.   Responsável pelo desenvolvimento dessa história, Sidney começou a desvendar esse evento quando, em uma de suas aulas sobre a Guerra Mundial, uma aluna disse que já havia se deparado com esse símbolo, pois foi achado na fazenda de sua família tijolos com tal imagem. Por conta desse relato, o estudioso deu início a sua pesquisa, descobrindo uma parte da história do Brasil digna de vergonha.
Antiparasitic effect of Farnesol against Leishmania major: A rationale from in vitro and in silico investigations
Authors: Sharma Harshita , Sehgal Rakesh , Shekhar Nishant , Shoeran Gaurav , Kaur Upninder , Medhi Bikash
Published: November 2023

Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne parasitic infection caused by the infective bite of female Phlebotomine sandflies. Treatment of leishmaniasis by conventional synthetic compounds is met by challenges pertaining to adverse effects which call for the discovery of newer anti-leishmanial molecules. This study was performed to evaluate the effect and modes of action of a sesquiterpene alcoholic molecule Farnesol on Leishmania major, the causative agent of Zoonotic CL. The cytotoxic effect of Farnesol against L.major promastigotes, amastigotes and macrophages was assessed by MTT test and counting. The IC50 on promastigotes by Farnesol on L.major was also evaluated by flow cytometry. In the findings, promastigotes were reduced at 167μM. The mean numbers of L.major amastigotes in macrophages were significantly decreased on exposure to Farnesol at 172μM. In addition, Farnesol induced significant apoptosis dose-dependent on L.major promastigotes. In silico protein-ligand_binding analyses indicated the effect of Farnesol in perturbation of the ergosterol synthesis pathway of Leishmania with attributes suggesting inhibition of Lanosterol-α-demethylase, the terminal enzyme of ergosterol synthesis machinery. Findings from flow cytometry reveal the role of Farnesol in apoptosis-induced killing in promastigotes. Farnesol was effective at very lower concentrations when compared to Paromomycin. Further studies are crucial to evaluate the therapeutic potential of Farnesol alone or in combination with other conventional drugs in animal models.
Spiritual Function
Authors: Tian Ming
Published: November 2023

The process of a life’s spiritual activity can be studied with block diagram and vector diagram by using mathematical methods of set, function and complex number. The flash frequency of a life is a specific number associated with the subject of the life, the object of his spiritual activity and the specific moment. The rate of flash utility is much greater than the speed of light. The first flash of one’s dualistic perception changes the object of his dualistic perception. Therefore, the cosmogony is directly related to the spiritual activities, and the account of cosmic origin in

Genesis
shouldbe paidattentionto bythe scientific community.
Planejamento Tributário: Crédito presumido do ICMS em uma transportadora de cargas do Paraná
Authors: Silva Daiane Cazini , Cunha Mauro Norberto da , Freitas Thayná Fernandes de
Published: November 2023

Cada vez mais o planejamento tributário tem se mostrado uma ferramenta essencial para as organizações. Diante das diversas formas de apuração dos impostos previstas na legislação, este estudo busca comparar a tributação do imposto sobre circulação de mercadorias e serviços (ICMS) realizada conforme o regime normal e a praticada com o crédito presumido, visando identificar qual a forma mais vantajosa para uma empresa transportadora de cargas localizada no estado do Paraná. Este artigo tem o objetivo de reforçar o entendimento de que o planejamento tributário é fundamental, demonstrando que executado de forma correta, é um excelente instrumento de gestão para as sociedades. Este trabalho possui natureza qualitativa e para sua realização foi feita pesquisa bibliográfica sobre o tema e posteriormente aplicado um estudo de caso em uma transportadora de cargas. A pesquisa mostra que a opção pelo crédito presumido do ICMS não seria vantajosa para a empresa abordada nesta análise.
Educacão Inclusiva: Principais Dificuldades no Processo de Ensino e Aprendizagem no Ambiente Escolar
Authors: Souza Damiana Calixto de , Bringel Maricélia Felix Andrade
Published: November 2023

O presente trabalho trata-se de uma pesquisa sobre quais são as principais dificuldades encontradas no processo de ensino e aprendizagem do ambiente escolar. Foram analisados os fatores que tendem a contribuir para a inclusão educacional de alunos com dificuldades no ensino e na aprendizagem. Este trabalho busca através da realização de pesquisa bibliográfica compreender os motivos que levam esses alunos a terem dificuldades em compreender os conteúdos trabalhados em sala de aula e trazer uma solução para essas adversidades. A pesquisa compreende um processo investigativo e observador, onde busca um olhar sobre o aluno portador de necessidades especiais, sobre essas questões pertinentes que são: as dificuldades no processo de ensino e aprendizagem no ambiente escolar. é possível concluir que as dificuldades encontradas no processo de ensino e aprendizagem são grandes e os professores encontram diversas demandas que precisam ser superadas, tais como: melhor capacitação dos professores, falta de material pedagógico, difícil acessibilidade para os alunos portadores de deficiência, entre outras.
Znalost slovotvorných komponentů z klasických jazyků jako předpoklad porozumění cizím slovům a jejich zakotvení v jazykovém systému
Authors: Králová Eliška
Published: November 2023

Příspěvek se zamýšlí nad tím, jakou roli hrají slovotvorné komponenty z klasických jazyků – především prefixy a prefixoidy – v systému národních jazyků. Jaký vliv má na slovní zásobu postupující globalizace a internacionalizace. Kromě lingvistického pohledu na danou problematiku si příspěvek klade za cíl zmapovat didaktické postupy, které s komponenty z klasických jazyků pracují. Celosvětově je jejich znalost považována za jeden z užitečných pilířů na cestě k jazykové gramotnosti a při studiu dalších jazyků. S postupující globalizací a potřebou komunikovat na mezinárodní úrovni nejen v odborné terminologii jednotlivých oborů zůstává otázkou, jakým způsobem je, nebo by měla být výuka latinských a řeckých morfémů začleněna do jazykového vyučování na různých stupních vzdělávacího systému a jak u žáků potencovat využití jejich znalosti při obohacování slovní zásoby a porozumění nejen odbornému textu v mateřském i cizím jazyce.
We Tried to Push the River
Authors: Nunnally Elam , Berg Insoo K.
Published: November 2023

Clinically, making mistakes is an important and inevitable learning process. Yet, most case studies concentrate on what went right. This essay discusses, in detail, a “difficult case” that almost ended in premature termination, and how the course of therapy was changed. It also discusses some conceptual frames for understanding the “more of the same” error and how it was corrected.
Participation of Central Asian Countries in Central Asian Regional Economic Cooperation: Transport, Energy
Authors: Moldaliyeva Akdidar , Kilybayeva Panu , Birimkulova Gulnara , Ilyassova Zibagul , Atayeva Tokzhan
Published: November 2023

The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the participation of the Central Asian countries in the Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Program in the modern world has the potential to play an important role in the foundation of regional projects in logistics and energy. The purpose of the work is to provide recommendations on how to eliminate errors in the process of improving the projects of Central Asian regional economic cooperation and to analyze this mechanism in logistics and energy. Among the methods used should be noted the analytical method, the classification method, the functional method, the statistical method, and the synthesis method. It is important to analyze the functioning of this mechanism in order to assess its effectiveness and develop work in the logistics and energy sectors. The issues of evaluation of cooperation are considered, indicating problems and prospects, the expediency of participation, their limitations in cooperation, and the impact of limitations on the result. Recommendations re proposed that would contribute to the effective regulation of the issue. It is determined that the improvement of Central Asian regional economic cooperation projects plays an important role in creating conditions for intraregional and interregional trade and contributes to the development of logistics. The practical value lies in applying the findings to rectify organizational errors and enhance Central Asian regional economic cooperation projects related to logistics and energy, considering multiple factors. Thus, recommendations for improved Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation functioning are provided.
THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY OF ANTI-CRISIS SOLUTIONS SEARCH INCOMPLEX DYNAMIC SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT
Authors: Oborskyi Hennadii O. ​ , Saveleva Oksana S. , Stanovska Iraida I. , Saukh Igor A.
Published: November 2023

Duringthelifecycleofdynamiccomplexsystemsmanagementitisaccompaniedbycrisescausedbytheinternalnatureofmanagementprocessesandexternalenvironmentalchallengesthatleadtoinhibition,andsometimestoacompletestopoftheprocess.Thegeneralspaceofanti-crisismanagementparametersisdividedintotwoparts:planned(afterthebeginningofthelifecycleoraftereachbifurcation)andanti-crisis(crisisidentification,anti-crisisdecisionmakingandplanningofthepartofthecycleafterbifurcation).Themethodofmorphologicalandparametricanti-crisisanalysisandlifecyclemanagementofadynamiccomplexsystemisproposed,whichconsistsindecompositionoftheprojectwithselectionofthelatterparameters,aswellasdivisionofthesystem“crisisevent–anti-crisissolution”intoelementaryparameters.Thenthereisaconvergenceoftheresultsofdecompositionandidentificationandtheadoptionofthefinalverdictwiththeadjustmentofthecurrentprojectplan,whichallowedtobuildanti-crisismanagementonaneffectiveschemewithbifurcationsoftheplan.Theschemeandtechnologyofprojectcrisisvectorsstep-by-stepconvergenceandofanti-crisissolutionsvectorsaredeveloped.Theinformationtechnologyofmakingananti-crisisdecisionandcontinuingtheprojectfromthebifurcationpointisproposed.Thestructureoftheconvergenceof“damaged”processparametersoftheplannedlifecycleofdynamiccomplexsystemsmanagementandparametersofanti-crisisdecisionswithaverdictiscreated.Theconvergenceofthecomplexmultiparameterdynamicalsystemslifecyclecrisisparameterswiththeparametersofanti-crisissolutionsistheoreticallysubstantiated.Thetechnologyofconvergenceofcrisisparametersofthelifecycleofcomplexmultiparameterdynamicsystemswiththeparametersofanti–crisissolutionshasbeendevelopedinordertooptimizethelatter.Methodsforestimatingthedegreeofclosenessbetweenindividualsetsofdifferentparametersdimensionsduringtheirconvergencehavebeendeveloped.Practicaltestsofresearchresultsarecarriedout.Theinformationtechnology“DYCOS”ofanti-crisissolutionsinmanagementofdynamicdifficultsystemssearchisdeveloped.“DYCOS”technologyisusedinanti-crisisrestructuring of the educational process during quarantine restrictions.
Der öffentlich-rechtliche Rundfunk, seine Finanzierung und die Diskussion um die Beitragsstabilität
Authors: Dörr Dieter
Published: November 2023

Nicht nur der Auftrag, sondern insbesondere die Finanzierung des öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunks waren von Beginn an Gegenstand kontroverser Debatten. Dabei ging es immer wieder um die Frage, ob und nach welchen verfassungsrechtlichen Maßstäben der öffentlichrechtliche Rundfunk durch Gebühren bzw. seit 2013 durch Beiträge für welche Aufgaben finanziert werden darf. Nachfolgend wird aufgezeigt, warum ein funktionsfähiger öffentlich-rechtlicher Rundfunk für eine freiheitliche Demokratie unerlässlich ist, seine Finanzierung und damit die Beitragshöhe dem Auftrag folgen muss, was mit einem dreistufigen Beitragsfestsetzungsverfahren sichergestellt wird, und welche Rolle dabei der Aspekt der Beitragsstabilität spielt.
Praxisstudien kompakt: Journalismus, Medien und Technologie – Trends und Prognosen 2023
Authors: Zwingmann Nina , Gläser Martin
Published: November 2023

Gut gemachte Studien zu aktuellen Themen der Wirtschaft sind für Praktiker und Wissenschaftler gleichermaßen interessant. Die Rubrik „Praxisstudien kompakt“ gibt Einblicke in relevante und informative Studien rund um die Thematik Medienwirtschaft. In dieser Ausgabe stellen wir Ihnen die Studie „Journalismus, Medien und Technologie Trends und Prognosen 2023“ vor. Die Studie des Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism mit Unterstützung der Google News Initiative präsentiert einen Blick in die Zukunft des Journalismus. Es werden zu erwartende Herausforderungen und Chancen für den Journalismus für das Jahr 2023 beleuchtet. Die Studie zeigt, dass Qualitätsnachrichtenunternehmen in einer Zeit der Unsicherheit und wirtschaftlicher Herausforderungen weiterhin auf den Ausbau ihrer digitalen Präsenz setzen. Gleichzeitig betont sie, dass die rasante Entwicklung der KI-Technologien, insbesondere im Bereich generativer KI, das Potenzial hat, den Journalismus grundlegend zu verändern.
Los censos en el Perú
Authors: Solís Fonseca Gustavo
Published: November 2023

En 1993 se llevaron a cabo en el Perú dos censos, el IX de población de los últimos tiempos y el IV de vivienda. Ya se anuncia para el año 2001 un nuevo censo, esta vez uno más complejo.
Los censos son importantes para las sociedades, pero conviene analizar su racionalidad a fin de ver qué tanto debemos esperar de ellos, y qué tanto es lícito asignarles en la cuenta de responsabilidades por lo poco o lo mucho para lo que los censos nos han servido hasta ahora.