bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of Lead (II) Phycoremediation Using Scenedesmus Obliquus: Cell Physicochemical Properties, Biochemical Composition and Metabolomic Profiling
Authors: M. Danouche , N El Ghachtouli , A Aasfar , I. Bennis , H. El Arroussi
Published: July 2021

This study highlights the mechanisms involved in Pb(II)-phycoremediation using the Pb(II) tolerant strain of Scenedesmus obliquus. Firstly, monitoring of cell growth kinetics in control and Pb(II)-doped medium revealed a significant growth inhibition, while the analyses through flow cytometry and Zetasizer revealed no difference in cell viability and size. Residual weights of control and Pb(II)-loaded cells assessed by thermogravimetric analysis, were 31.34% and 57.8%, respectively, indicating the uptake of Pb(II) into S. obliquus cells. Next, the use of chemical extraction to distinguish between the intracellular and extracellular uptake indicated the involvement of both biosorption (85.5%) and bioaccumulation (14.5%) mechanisms. Biosorption interaction of the cell wall and Pb(II) was confirmed by SEM, EDX, FTIR, zeta potential, zero-charge pH, and contact angle analyses. Besides, the biochemical characterization of control and Pb(II)-loaded cells revealed that the bioaccumulation of Pb(II) induces significant increases in the carotenoids and lipids content and decreases in the proportions of chlorophyll, carbohydrates, and proteins. Finally, the metabolomic analysis indicated an increase in the relative abundance of fatty acid methyl esters, alkanes, aromatic compounds, and sterols. However, the alkenes and monounsaturated fatty acids decreased. Such metabolic adjustment may represent an adaptive strategy, that preventing high Pb(II)-bioaccumulation in cellular compartments.
Is There Any Influence of TBP CAG / CAA Repeats on Huntington's Disease Age at Onset?
Authors: Silva Iane dos Santos da , Apolinário Thays Andrade , Agostinho Luciana de Andrade , Paiva Carmen Lúcia Antão
Published: July 2021

Huntington's disease (HD) is a genetic neurodegenerative progressive and fatal disease characterized by motor disorder, cognitive impairment and behavioral problems, caused by expanded repeats of CAG trinucleotides in the HTT gene. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of TBP gene CAG/CAA repeats in conjunction with HTT gene CAG repeats, on the age of HD onset in Brazilian individuals. Individuals diagnosed as molecularly negative for HD, presented 29-39 TBP CAG/CAA (mean = 36 ± 2; median = 36). The most frequent allele had 36 repeats. The heterozygosity was 84%. In individuals diagnosed as molecularly positive for HD, a range of 25-40 TBP CAG/ CAA was found (mean = 36 ± 2; median = 36). The most frequent TBP allele had 38 repeats and the heterozygosity was 81%. We also conducted TBP direct Sanger sequencing of some samples which demonstrated other TBP structures different from the wild-type. The HTT expanded CAG and TBP CAG/CAA repeat sizes jointly explained 66% of the age at onset (AO) in our HD patients. The strongest variable in the model associated to AO was the number of expanded HTT CAG repeats. The difference between the association of HD AO with HTT expanded CAG together with TBP CAG / CAA and the association of HD AO with HTT expanded CAG was 0.001 (∆R2). Therefore, we found a weak association (0.1%) of TBP CAG/CAA repeats on HD AO, if any.
Evaluation of the learning curve for totally robotic single-anastomosis duodenal–ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy by CUSUM analysis
Authors: Wang Lun , Wang Zeyu , Jiang Tao
Published: July 2021

Single-anastomosis duodenal–ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy (SADI-S) has similar efficacy and lower complication rate in the treatment of morbid obesity and obesity-associated metabolic diseases compared with the biliopancreatic diversion with a duodenal switch. The use of a robotic surgical system reduces surgical difficulties and improves surgical outcomes. The learning curve reflects the rate of skills or knowledge acquired in a certain period of time. However, the learning curve for robotic SADI-S has not been estimated.We used the cumulative sum analysis method to investigate the learning curve of totally robotic SADI-S. Textbook outcome analysis was performed to comprehensively define surgical success or failure.Multivariate analysis was performed to predict independent risk factors for complications and operative time. The moving average method was used to reflect the trends in operative time.This study showed that the learning curve for totally robotic SADI-S was 27 cases. Surgeon experience (case number and successful case number) was an independent predictor of the total operative time. A successful case number was the only independent predictor of surgical success or failure in this study (β = 0.084; P = 0.001). Except for the first assistant level, scrubbed nurse level, operative time, and proportion of abdominal drainage tube, there was no significant difference between the learning stage and mastery stage groups.The learning curve for totally robotic SADI-S was 27 cases. Surgeon experience including case number and successful case number were identified as independent predictors affecting the total operative time. A successful case number was the only independent predictor of surgical success or failure.
Halomonas Jincaotanensis Sp. Nov., a 1-naphthylamine Degrading Bacterium Isolated From Pamir
Authors: Bu Xuying , Xia Zhanfeng , Liu Zhanwen , Ren Min , Wan Chuanxing , Zhang Lili
Published: July 2021

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain TRM85114T, was isolated from Jincaotan in Pamir, PR China. We found it has the ability to degrading 1-naphthylamine. Strain TRM85114T grows at 4-40 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 6.0-7.0) and with 3%-15% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 3%-6%). Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain TRM85114T is affiliated with the genus Halomonas, sharing high sequence similarity (97.3%) with the type strain of Halomonas korlensis CGMCC 1.6981T. The major fatty acids of strain TRM85114T are C12:0 3-OH, C16:0, C17:0 cyclo, C19:0 cyclo ω8c, summed feature 3 (C16:1 ω7c and/or C16:1 ω6c) and summed feature 8 (C18:1 ω6c and/or C18:1 ω7c). The predominant respiratory quinone is Q-7. The genomic DNA G + C content of strain TRM85114T was determined to be 61.6 mol%. Calculating the average nucleotide identities and the digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain TRM85114T and the related type Halomonas strains further revealed that TRM85114T represented a novel species of the genus Halomonas. The name Halomonas jincaotanensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is TRM85114T (CCTCC AB 2021006T =LMG 32311T).
Impact of Intraoperative Gravity-Dependent Atelectasis Following Laparoscopic Liver Resection Performed in the Lateral Position
Authors: Miyamoto Ryoichi , Ogura Toshiro , Takahashi Amane , Kimura Akifumi , Matsudaira Shinichi , Amikura Katsumi , Kawashima Yoshiyuki
Published: July 2021

Purpose

Laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) is currently an accepted approach for liver surgery in select patients. The correlation between the intraoperative position and the presence of gravity-dependent atelectasis (GDA) has been well discussed. However, LLR is performed in the left half lateral position, and the relationship between this position and the presence of GDA remains unclear. We evaluated the extent to which the intraoperative left half lateral position affects the presence of GDA. Furthermore, univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify potential risk factors for LLR postoperative complications with a special emphasis on the presence of GDA by comparing various patient-, liver- and surgery-related factors in a retrospective cohort.
Methods

We retrospectively evaluated 129 patients who underwent LLR in the left half lateral position at the Saitama Cancer Center in Saitama, Japan between March 2011 and July 2020. The frequency and duration of GDA were investigated. We divided the cohort into with GDA and without GDA groups based on a cutoff value (≥ 5 days, n = 61 and < 5 days, n = 68, respectively). Using multivariate analysis, the duration of GDA and several risk factors for LLR postoperative complications were independently assessed.
Results

Postoperative GDA was observed in 61 patients (47%) and lasted for 1 to 8 days in these patients. The mean duration of GDA was 4.3 days. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed a GDA duration of 5 days or more (odds ratio [OR], 2.03; p = 0.001) and an operating time > 388 minutes (OR, 5.31; p < 0.001) to be independent risk factors for LLR postoperative complications.
Conclusions

The incidence and duration of postoperative GDA are considered useful predictors of postoperative complications, and these predictors should be assessed to improve the short-term outcomes of patients undergoing LLR.
Concurrent Use of Chinese Herbal Medicine and Anticoagulants May Reduce Major Bleeding Events
Authors: Hsu Shuo-Min , Lin Hung-Jen , Kao Yi-Wei , Li Te-Mao , Shia Ben-Chang , Huang Sheng-Teng
Published: July 2021

Background: This retrospective cohort study investigated the risk of major bleeding events during the concurrent use of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) and anticoagulants in clinical practice. Methods: A total of 4,470 patients receiving anticoagulant drugs were selected from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). Half (n=2,235) were also using CHMs (CHM cohort); the other half were not (non-CHM cohort). Each cohort was matched 1:1 using the propensity score. Chi-square testing and the Student’s t-test were used to examine differences between two cohorts. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis assessed the risks for major bleeding events in each cohort, as well as bleeding risks associated with specific CHM formulas and herbs. Cumulative incidence curves for major bleeding events were calculated using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results: Compared with the non-CHM cohort, the CHM cohort had a lower risk of overall bleeding events (p < 0.001) including hemorrhagic stroke (p = 0.008), gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding (p < 0.001), urogenital bleeding (p ≤ 0.001) and nasal/ear/eye bleeding (p = 0.004). Single herbs, such as Glycyrrhiza uralensis et Rhizoma, Panax notoginseng, Panax ginseng, Platycodon grandiflorum, Eucommia ulmoides Oliver and formulas, such as Shu Jing Huo Xue Tang, Shao Yao Gan Cao Tang and Ji Sheng Shen Qi Wan were associated with a lower risk of major bleeding events. Conclusions: Using CHMs with anticoagulants appeared to decrease the risk of major bleeding. Further investigations are needed to determine whether CHM can maintain the therapeutic efficacy of anticoagulants while simultaneously reducing potential side effects.Trial registration: Not applicable.
Investigation of Spatial Distribution, Antimicrobial, and Histopathological Effects of Probiotics on Zebrafish Model Infected with Aeromonas Hydrophila Through Evaluation of IL-1β and TNF-α Genes Expression
Authors: Ehsannia Sheida , Ahari Hamed , Kakoolaki Shapour , Anvar Seyed Amirali , Yousefi Shima
Published: July 2021

Background

Usage of “probiotics” for treatment of food-borne pathogens associated diseases, makes a significant reduction in transmission of resistant bacteria, and antimicrobial resistance genes from aquaculture environments to humans. In this research, authors aim to evaluate immunomodulatory, and histological effects of two probiotic strains on Zebrafish model. Biometric tests, height, weight, and mortality rate of the fishes were assessed. Afterward, RT-PCR was conducted for bacterial existence of probiotic strains, and quantitative assessment of alterations in targeted immune genes. Subsequently, histological sampling was done for investigation of spatial distribution, and villus length in proximal, middle, and distal sections of intestinal tissues.
Results

Based on the results, there was an increased rate of goblet cells, and villus length in the middle and distal sections of intestinal tissue in case groups receiving both probiotic bacteria in 28th and 56th days. Furthermore, highest number of intraepithelial cells was observed in the proximal sections of intestinal tissue in groups receiving both probiotic bacteria in 56th days. The highest gene expression for Lactobacillus bulgaricus was found in groups only treated with this probiotic bacteria in 60th day. The highest gene expression for Lactobacillus acidophilus was found in case groups treated with both of probiotic bacteria in 28th day. The highest expression level of IL-1β, and TNF-α were found in control group (only infected by pathogen and receiving no probiotic). The highest survival rate was in case groups only treated with Lactobacillus bulgaricus.
Conclusion

To sum up, it seems that usage of probiotic for improvement of public health and fisheries industries can be helpful.
SiO2 Nanoparticles Derived from Arundo Donax L. Ash Composite with TiO2 Semiconductor for Efficient Photocatalytic Dye Reduction
Authors: G EASWARAN , M VIJAYAN , K SIVAKUMAR
Published: July 2021

In this report, the biomass derived silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticles composite with titanium dioxide (TiO2) semiconductors used as efficient photocatalyst for degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) dye molecules under UV-visible light irradiation is proclaimed. At first SiO2 derived from Arundo donax L. ash and TiO2 synthesized using titanium (IV) isopropoxide by co-precipitation method and then their different compositions prepared by wet impregnation method were exampled to various optical and atomic level fundamental studies. The amorphous and crystalline nature of SiO2 and TiO2 ratify from XRD and here it is found that the crystalline nature decreased in their compositions as compared to TiO2. 293 nm UV photons harvesting SiO2 observed which could be due to more impurity states presence on surface is further accomplished red shift after composition with TiO2 lead to moving photons harvesting nature towards visible region. The band gap increases in SiO2/TiO2 composites as for TiO2 composition is rapport well with the aforementioned redshift value. Out of all samples the low recombination rate is procured in 50 wt% SiO2/50 wt% TiO2 composite sample. The separated ~ 100–200 nm sized TiO2 nanoparticle and aggregated tiny SiO2 nanoparticles availability in composite sample is authentically substantiated from electron microscopic studies. The presence of Si, O and Ti elements in composite samples probed by XPS. Following the fundamental studies, the photocatalytic degradation ability of the as-prepared samples has been scrutinized against the degradation of Rh B dye in which the pronounced photocatalytic degradation efficiency 93.7% is successfully achieved on 50 wt% SiO2/50 wt% TiO2 nanocomposite photocatalyst.
Comparative Analysis of L-Carnitine Production by Y. Lipolytica in Different Culture Conditions in Biofuel Waste and Fatty-Poor Medium for Commercial Purposes
Authors: Jach Monika Elżbieta , Kubiński Konrad , Juda Marek , Sajnaga Ewa , Baj Tomasz , Malm Anna
Published: July 2021

BackgroundYarrowia lipolytica is oleaginous yeast with the ability to grow in a variety of hydrophilic and hydrophobic substrates, including industrial wastes, in which it produces and accumulates various nutrients.MethodsThe aim of the present study was to examine the presence of free L-carnitine in the biomasses of two Yarrowia lipolytica strains (A-101 and ATCC 9793) growing in biofuel waste and YPD medium. The cultivations of Y. lipolytica were performed in aerobic conditions at different temperatures (20-30°C) and pH values (4.0-7.0) of the media with and without the addition of precursors for L-carnitine production (trimethyllysine, iron, and L-ascorbic acid) in a laboratory scale or other substances (chromium, selenite, or zinc) in a pilot plant scale.ResultsBoth tested Y. lipolytica strains grown in fatty acid-poor YPD medium at 20°C and pH 6.0 contained endogenous free L-carnitine in their biomass with a maximum of 22.85 mg/100 g of wet biomass. The addition of L-carnitine precursors to the YPD medium exerted a significant effect on L-carnitine concentration in the yeast biomass, increasing it up to 250%. In turn, the biomass of both tested Y. lipolytica strains cultivated in the biofuel waste, irrespective of the culture conditions, contained below 1 mg of L-carnitine/100 g of wet biomass. However, the supplementation of the culture media with the L-carnitine precursors significantly increased the yield of the yeast biomass by 20-30% in the non-fermentable biofuel waste cultures. Moreover, the addition of chromium (III) chloride into the biofuel waste caused an increase in the free L-carnitine concentration in the yeast biomass up to 2.24 mg/100 g of dry weight.ConclusionBiomass of Y. lipolytica grown in the fatty-poor medium contained free L-carnitine, in contrast to the biomass grown in the fat-rich biofuel waste. The very low amounts of L-carnitine in the biomass of Y. lipolytica grown in the crude biofuel waste suggest that the yeast is able to utilize almost the entire pool of free L-carnitine for growth and nutritional biomass production. However, the addition of chromium to the biofuel waste contributed to an increase in L-carnitine concentration in Y. lipolytica biomass.
Properties and Characterization of Tamarind Nut Shell Powder Filled Jute and Hemp Fibers Reinforced Hybrid Polymer Composites
Authors: Sahayaraj A. Felix , Muthukrishnan M. , Ramesh M.
Published: July 2021

The main aim of this work is to investigate the effect of hybridization and the influence of tamarind nut shell powder (TNSP) on the properties and characterization of jute and hemp plant fibers reinforced composites by varying weight % of fibers. The composites are fabricated through the compression molding method and the properties such as tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus, Shore-D hardness, void content, and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of the hybrid composites are evaluated. The characterization studies such as Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy, water absorption behavior and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis are also conducted. The results indicated that the hybrid composite samples 40:0 (jute: hemp) have the highest tensile, flexural, impact strengths as well as ILSS values. The void content of 20:20 (jute:hemp) composites was reduced owing to the good adhesion and compatibility of both the fibers with the matrix material.
Validity of A Mobile Phone based Application Tool for COVID-19 Screening Test
Authors: Muleta Mahteme Bekele , Kebede Mebratu Abrha , Dullo Abrham Getachew , Mekonnen Adugna Lissanewerk , Shimelis Thomas , Tegegn Brhane , Taye Natnael , Gize Addisu , Shimelis Tariku , Berhan Yifru
Published: July 2021

Background: The COVID-19 outbreak is proving to be a unique disaster in many countries across the globe. Screening and diagnosis are challenges in resource-limited countries as confirmation with reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is expensive and less accessible. Besides, due to the overlapping manifestations, there are no strongly suggestive symptoms that can be used as a screening tool. The goal of this study was to assess the validity of a newly created mobile phone application tool as a COVID-19 screening approach to the gold standard test (RT-PCR).Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 1029 individuals for validity assessment of a newly developed COVID-19 screening tool by having PCR test results as a reference. After obtaining consent, data were collected using a structured questionnaire, maintaining all the COVID 19 prevention protocols. SPSS version 25 was used to analyze the data. The sensitivity and specificity of the tool were determined. Result: A total of 1005 participants were included in the study, which made the response rate close to 98%. The mean age of the respondents was 50.8 (SD=17.32) years; 574 (57.1%) were males and 108 (10.7%) were in the age category of 41 years and above. The current study identified that the internal consistency of Cronbach’s α was 0.769. The validity analysis result of the tool revealed that it has a sensitivity of 77.6% with 31.6% of positive predictive value and specificity of t 46.4% with 86.5% of negative predictive value. This study revealed that 59.4% of the study participants showed COVID-19 related symptoms and classified as tested positive for the infection, based on the newly developed mobile phone COVID-19 screening tool, whereas only 24.4% of them had positive test results for COVID-19 infection.Conclusion: The sensitivity and specificity of the mobile application tool for symptomatic COVID 19 patients was almost equivalent to the nasal swab RT PCR test. Therefore, we recommend the use of this screening test bot. It is easily accessible and hence an effective way of reaching the population affected by the disease for early detection of symptomatic patients and taking appropriate measures.
Effect of Alirocumab on Coronary Plaque in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease Assessed by Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Gao Fei , Wang Zhi Jian , Ma Xiao Teng , Shen Hua , Yang Li Xia , Zhou Yu Jie
Published: July 2021

Background Proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors have been demonstrated with significant greater reduction of LDL cholesterol levels and cardiovascular events, compared with standard statin therapy. However, the evidence on the impact of PCSK9 inhibitors on coronary plaque composition and morphology are limited. Methods In this prospective, open-label, randomized study, eligible patients with intermediate coronary lesions and elevated LDL cholesterol values were randomized to either alirocumab 75 mg Q2W plus statin therapy (alirocumab arm) or statin therapy (standard care arm). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) assessment for target lesions were obtained at the baseline and at 36 weeks of follow-up. Results LDL cholesterol levels were significantly decreased in both alirocumab arm and standard care arm, whereas the absolute reduction of LDL cholesterol was significantly greater in patients with alirocumab (1.72±0.51 vs 0.96±0.59, P<0.0001). Compared with standard statin therapy, the addition of alirocumab to statins was associated with significant greater increase in minimum fibrous cap thickness (18.0 [10.8- 29.2]um vs 13.2 [7.4-18.6]um; P=0.029), minimum lumen area (0.20[ 0.10-0.33]mm 2 vs 0.13 [0.12-0.24]mm 2 ; P=0.006) and greater diminution in maximum lipid arc (15.1 ̊ [7.8 -24.5] vs. 8.4 ̊ [2.0 -10.5]; P=0.008). Conclusions The addition of alirocumab to statins can not only provide additional LDL cholesterol lowering effect but also have a potential role in promoting a more stable plaque phenotype.
Optical Coherence Tomography Biomarkers in Patients With Macular Edema Secondary to Retinal Vein Occlusion
Authors: Castro-Navarro Verónica , Monferrer-Adsuara Clara , Navarro-Palop Catalina , Montero-Hernández Javier , Cervera-Taulet Enrique
Published: July 2021

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of optical coherence tomography biomarkers on intravitreal dexamethasone (DEX) implant clinical outcomes in patients with macular edema (ME) secondary to retinal vein occlusion (RVO). Additionally, the effect of DEX on central retinal thickness (CRT) and visual acuity (BCVA) was also evaluated. Methods: Retrospective study conducted on a cohort of patients with ME secondary to RVO, either naïve or previously treated, who underwent treatment with DEX implant and had a minimum follow-up of 6 months. Success was defined as a CRT < 250µm or a relative reduction of CRT ≥ 10% from baseline. Results: Fifty-seven eyes were included in the study. Baseline BCVA was significantly lower in the eyes with disrupted external limiting membrane (ELM) (mean 40.3±21.3 letters) than in those with non-disrupted (mean 68.6±10.7 letters) or partially-disrupted ELM (mean 59.6±13.2 letters), p=0.0001 and p=0.0011, respectively. Among the 35 eyes with subretinal fluid (SRF) at baseline, those with a SRF thickness > median (119 µm) had a worse baseline BCVA than those with a SRF thickness ≤ median (Hodges-Lehmann median difference: -15.0 letters, 95% CI: -30.0 to -5.0 letters, p=0.0061). The eyes with disorganization of the retinal inner layers (DRIL) had lower baseline BCVA than those without DRIL (Hodges-Lehmann median difference: -12.0 letters, 95% CI: -25.0 to -5.0 letters, p=0.0042). CRT was significantly decreased from 567.6±226.2 µm at baseline to 326.9±141.0 µm at month 6 (p<0.0001). At month-6, 26 (45.6%); 24 (42.1%), and 20 (35.1%) eyes achieved a BCVA improvement ≥5, ≥10, and ≥15 letters respectively. Forty (70.2%) eyes were classified as success at month-6. Logistic regression analysis found none factor significantly associated with success in the multivariate analysis. Conclusions: the results of this study suggested a positive impact of DEX on CRT and BCVA in eyes with RVO-ME with no differences between central RVO and branch RVO eyes or between treatment-naïve eyes and those previously treated. DEX implant significantly reduced the presence of cysts and their volume. Additionally, greater amount of SRF, presence of DRIL, presence of HRF (>20), or disrupted ELM were significantly associated with worse baseline BCVA.
Study on Blood Metabolomics of Early Gastric Cancer Based on Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Technology
Authors: Qin Shanshan , Wu Qiong , Su Rui , Li Wei , Zhang Yang , Chen Yujia , Wang Daguang
Published: July 2021

Background: Metabolomics is widely used to accurately find the basic characteristics and material basis of life activities. The purpose of this study is to use metabolomics to discover biomarkers for the diagnosis of early gastric cancer.Methods: We collected the blood samples and clinical data of 63 patients with gastric cancer from the First Hospital of Jilin University, including 26 patients with advanced gastric cancer (group A), 37 patients with early gastric cancer (group B), and 18 healthy volunteers (group C). Chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is used for detect metabolites and obtain metabolic profile. Support vector machine (SVM) is used to screen the differential metabolites with a weight of 100% from the blood sample. Total ion current diagram, principal component analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA) are used to identify differential metabolites. PCA and the quadratic discriminant analysis were used to evaluate the similarity between samples. The receiver characteristic curve (ROC) is used to evaluate the diagnostic ability of metabolites. After the nuclear ratio of the selected metabolites is imported into the Human Metabolome Database (HMDB), the structure is identified to determine the corresponding substances, and then the verification group is used to test the accuracy of the metabolites.Results: Through LC-MS, TIC, ANOVA and PCA, differential metabolites were found in different blood samples. Cluster analysis showed similar metabolites in the three groups A, B, and C. ROC curve represented the diagnostic ability of metabolites. The different metabolites between group A and C were spermine, enterostatin, heparin sulfate, and triacylglycerol. The difference metabolites between group A, group B and group C were same as those between group A and C. The cluster analysis and ROC also showed that all four metabolites had high specificity and sensitivity in the verification group. And the results of verification group were consistent with the experimental group.Conclusion: Spermine, enterostatin, heparin sulfate, and triacylglycerol may be potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of early gastric cancer.
Influence of Native Ureolytic Microbial Community on Biocementation Potential of Sporosarcina Pasteurii
Authors: Murugan Raja , Suraishkumar G. K. , Muhkerjee Abhijit , Dhami Navdeep K
Published: July 2021

Microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP)/Biocementation has emerged as a promising technique for soil engineering applications. There are chiefly two methods by which MICP is applied for field applications including biostimulation and bioaugmentation. Although bioaugmentation strategy using efficient ureolytic biocementing culture of Sporosarcina pasteurii is widely practiced, the impact of native ureolytic microbial communities (NUMC) on CaCO3 mineralisation via S. pasteurii has not been explored. In this paper, we investigated the effect of different concentrations of NUMC on MICP kinetics and biomineral properties in the presence and absence of S. pasteurii. Kinetic analysis showed that the biocementation potential of S. pasteurii is 6-fold higher than the NUMC and is not significantly impacted even when the concentration of the NUMC is eight times higher. Micrographic results revealed a quick rate of CaCO3 precipitation by S. pasteurii led to the generation of smaller CaCO3 crystals (5–40 µm), while the slow rate of CaCO3 precipitation by NUMC led to the creation of larger CaCO3 crystals (35–100 µm). Mineralogical results showed the predominance of the calcite phase in both sets. The outcome of the current study is crucial for tailor-made applications of MICP.
The Use of Phalangeal Plate as “Hook Plate” to Treat Unstable Distal Radius Fracture Fragments with External Fixation
Authors: Gang Feng , Zhang Xiangfeng , Ghamor-Amegavi Edem Prince , Hu Hejia
Published: July 2021

Background: To study the functional outcome of AO type C3 distal radius fracture using external fixation and modified radial flexor carpi approach with contoured phalangeal plate as “hook plate” to treat small comminuted and unstable fracture fragments.Method: Between June 2016 and October 2017, seven patients presenting with AO type C3 distal radius fracture were treated using modified radial flexor approach and external fixation. Radiographic assessment were based on preoperative and postoperative X-ray and CT imaging during follow-up visits. The grip strength, range of active motion and pain were recorded. Mayo writs score and Gartland and Werley score were obtained to evaluated functional outcome.Results: The mean follow-up was 2 years. All patients achieved articular congruity and bone healing. The average Gartland and Werley score was 2.86 which indicated excellent outcome with minimal impairment to daily life. The average Mayo score was 87.5 which overall was a good score, 3 patients (42.9%) had excellent score and 4 patients (57.1%) had good score. No complications such as radioulnar instability and implant failure occurred.Conclusion: Our results suggest rapid functional outcome and range of motion at the wrist with minimal complications. This technique is effective and addresses the challenges in treating unstable AO type C3 distal radius fracture. Installing the external fixator first provides adequate reduction and enhances stability while the bent phalangeal plate serves as a buttress to grab and fix small fracture fragments.
Federated Learning for Multi-Center Imaging Diagnostics: A Study in Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Linardos Akis , Kushibar Kaisar , Walsh Sean , Gkontra Polyxeni , Lekadir Karim
Published: July 2021

Deep learning models can enable accurate and efficient disease diagnosis, but have thus far been hampered by the data scarcity present in the medical world. Automated diagnosis studies have been constrained by underpowered single-center datasets, and although some results have shown promise, their generalizability to other institutions remains questionable as the data heterogeneity between institutions is not taken into account. By allowing models to be trained in a distributed manner that preserves patients’ privacy, federated learning promises to alleviate these issues, by enabling diligent multi-center studies. We present the first federated learning study on the modality of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) and use four centers derived from subsets of the M&M and ACDC datasets, focusing on the diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). We adapt a 3D-CNN network pretrained on action recognition and explore two different ways of incorporating shape prior information to the model, and four different data augmentation setups , systematically analyzing their impact on the different collaborative learning choices. We show that despite the small size of data (180 subjects derived from four centers), the privacy preserving federated learning achieves promising results that are competitive with traditional centralized learning. We further find that federatively trained models exhibit increased robustness and are more sensitive to domain shift effects.
Validation of the Japanese version of the Patterns of Activity Measure-Pain in Individuals with Chronic Pain
Authors: Enomoto Kiyoka , Adachi Tomonori , Mibu Akira , Tanaka Katsuyoshi , Fukui Sei , Nakanishi Miho , Iwashita Narihito , Sasaki Jun , Nishigami Tomohiko
Published: July 2021

BackgroundThe Patterns of Activity Measure-Pain (POAM-P) is a self-report questionnaire that measures avoidance, overdoing, and pacing in individuals with chronic pain. We aimed to develop and confirm the psychometric properties of the Japanese version of the POAM-P(POAM-P-J) in Japanese individuals with chronic pain.MethodsWe recruited 147 Japanese individuals with chronic pain (106 women; mean age 64.89±12.13 years). The individuals completed the POAM-P-J, the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The following psychometric properties of the POAM-P-J were confirmed: structural validity, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and concurrent validity. ResultsWe tested factor structure via confirmatory factor analyses (CFA). We chose the 3-factor model with six covariances. The POAM-P-J’s internal consistency and test-retest reliability were acceptable to good (α = 0.79–0.86; ICC = 0.72–0.87). The avoidance and overdoing scales were positively associated with pain severity, pain interference, and anxiety measures (all p < 0.05), but the pacing scale was not significantly associated with these pain-related measures.ConclusionsAlthough the structural validity of the POAM-P-J remains questionable, its internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and concurrent validity were confirmed. The POAM-P-J is useful in both research and clinical practice for evaluating the activity patterns of Japanese patients with chronic pain.
Planetary emittance and feedback parameters through varying climates in basic modelling
Authors: Anderl Thomas
Published: July 2021

In search for reproducibility of the results from sophisticated scientific research, the present work focuses on the planetary (longwave) emittance variabilities. A simple model appears applicable through the entire range from very cold to extremely warm climates and for different climate driving forces, i.e. solar luminosity variation and CO2 concentration change. The results interrelate effects from lapse rate, water vapor, CO2, and clouds for equilibrium climate states. Feedback parameters are analysed for the emittance decomposition into the atmospheric window, clouds, and the cloud-free atmosphere. A view is devoted to the faint young Sun problem.
A small-scale survey to evaluating the perception of the Nipah virus in Bangladeshi rural community
Authors: Wajed Shah , Hoque Muhammad Mohsinul , Biswas Arnob , Bhowmik Sutapa , Devnath Popy
Published: July 2021

Background Nipah virus is a zoonotic agent causing diseases with extremely high mortality rate and several outbreaks have been reported from different parts of the world. Bangladesh is one of the country having repeated Nipah outbreaks since 2001.Objective To prevent an outbreak, it is necessary to understand public awareness and knowledge about the epidemic agent. This study was aimed to determine the level of knowledge and awareness related to NiV infection and to assess the potential risk of NiV disease among the rural population of Bangladesh.Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted with the participation of 200 respondents from different villages of Bangladesh. The data were collected through face-to-face interviews in January 2021 using structured questionnaire.Results From the survey it was found that 58.5% respondent of the study unknown about the term Nipah virus. However, maximum people seem to be aware of the fact that a virus infected person should be isolated as they can spread the disease further. The awareness level of the people is classified as “very poor”, “poor”, “good” and “excellent” with a percentage of 20%, 23%, 25.5% and 31.5% respectively based on some questions. Bionomial regression analysis showed that education and government campaign were variables associated with the awareness of NiV disease.Conclusion Education and government campaigns need to be stepped up to make rural people aware about this zoonotic disease.
SARS-CoV-2 Genome Variants Epidemiology Surveillance in Ethiopia and Targeted Mutational Changes of Structural S Spike Proteins Through Computational Analysis
Authors: Abaysew Ayele , Majumdar Rita , Sitotaw Yohannes , Adisu Tesfaye
Published: July 2021

Objective: This study aims to identify the variants of SARS CoV 2 that were circulating in Ethiopia and spot dynamic mutational changes of spike antigenicity based on genome data analysis to put forward preventative measurement against pandemic. Results: The genomes from Ethiopia were confirmed to be evolutionary related to RaTG13 and SL- bat coronavirus and Spike receptor sites were conserved. The clade distribution of the genome was reflected as GH, GR and other O and intended for new variants. 3 female samples were detected as variants of concern VUI202012/01GRY B.1.1.7 which Pango linage B.1.1.7 was originated from the UK. Despite 21 notable mutations, 71% D614G, 28% D614X, 35% N501Y and 21% NSP5 S284G mutation were occurred predominantly in our genome samples. and could be antigenicity and infectivity. Mutation on N440K was perceived in a sample and potency resist SER-52 antibody neutralization and vaccine escape.
Ten minutes endurance test at 50% upper body weight: a pilot study in healthy controls and physically active people
Authors: Anders Christoph , Schönau Tim
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveIntense endurance and strength training mark virtually opposite parts of basic motor skills. Extreme high load physical demands are getting sparer but endurance demands are still present. Therefore, healthy controls and endurance and strength trained athletes at competition level were exposed to a submaximal endurance test of their back muscles.In this pilot study 38 healthy male subjects participated: physically inactive controls (C, n=12), endurance trained (ET, n=13), and strength trained subjects (ST, n=13). All participants were asked to finish a ten minutes back muscle endurance test at 50% of their upper body weight. ResultsMaximum holding times were shortest in the ST group (469±142 s; ET 600±0 s; C 600±0 s), but statistical significance could only be proven for ET vs. ST (p<0.01). Hedges gs values for comparisons of maximum holding times showed relevant differences among all groups: ET vs. ST 10.64; ET vs. C 2.38; ST vs. C 0.78. Values of perceived exertion increased over time with lowest values for the ET group, except after the first minute. Especially between 180s and 420s ST group showed highest exertion values, but between group differences could not be determined.
The power of microbiome studies: some considerations on which alpha and beta metrics to use and how to report analysis the results
Authors: Kers Jannigje Gerdien , Saccenti Edoardo
Published: July 2021

Since sequencing techniques become less expensive, larger sample sizes are applicable for microbiota studies. The aim of this study is to show how, and to what extent, different diversity metrics and different compositions of the microbiota influence the needed sample size to observed dissimilar groups. Empirical 16S rRNA amplicon sequence data obtained from animal experiments, observational human data, and simulated data was used to perform retrospective power calculations. A wide variation of alpha diversity and beta diversity metrics were used to compare the different microbiota data sets and the effect on the sample size. Our data showed that beta diversity metrics are most sensitive to observe differences compared to alpha diversity metrics. The structure of the data influenced which alpha metrics are most sensitive. Regarding beta diversity, the Bray-Curtis metric is in general most sensitive to observe differences between groups, resulting in lower sample size and potential publication bias. We recommend to perform power calculations and to use multiple diversity metrics as an outcome measure. To improve microbiota studies awareness needs to be raised on the sensitivity and bias for microbiota research outcomes created by the used metrics rather than biological differences. We have seen that different alpha and beta diversity metrics lead to different study power: on the basis of this observation, one could be naturally tempted to try all possible metrics until one or more are found that give a statistically significant test result, i.e. p-value < α. This way of proceeding is one of the many forms of the so-called p-value hacking. To this end, in our opinion, the only way to protect ourselves from (the temptation of) p-hacking would be to publish, and we stress here the word publish, a statistical plan before experiments are initiated: this practice is customary for clinical trials where a statistical plan describing the endpoints and the corresponding statistical analyses must be disclosed before the start of the study.
Smart Dustbin Using IOT Notification
Authors: Singh Anuradha , Tiwari Prabhakar
Published: July 2021

In today's world, we frequently witness rubbish bins or dust bins are located in cities and in public places due to overflowing the daily growth in the garbage. This generates an unsanitary environment for humans and a foul odor in the surrounding area, which contributes to the spread of lethal illness and human diseases. Avoid to this, our purpose is constructing for a "Smart Dustbin Using IOT Notifications." Several rubbish bins may be found all through the cities or even on campuses in this proposed system; those kind of waste can is equipped such as a embedding gadget at a cheap price that supports track the height of the waste cans, as well as this is unique identification for everyone rubbish bin in the city, making it is easy to classify which rubbish bins has been fully mode. That gadget will broadcast is level together with unique ID specified when it hits the threshold limit. These facts can be viewed by concerned authorities over the internet from their location, allowing them to take rapid action to clean the trash cans. The government began a number of projects to improve the country's cleanliness. This paper is beneficial to the government's "SWACHH BHARAT ABHIYAN" project. Waste management is currently one of the world's most pressing issues, regardless of whether a country is developed or developing. The main problem with trash management is that garbage in public locations overflows well before the next cleaning operation begins. It therefore leads to different hazards, such as a faulty door and ugliness in the area, which may be the source of disease transmission. This effort is based on a smart waste system to avoid any potentially dangerous scenarios and to ensure public cleanliness and health. The primary goal for this paper aims to develop an intelligent waste alert system collection by the sending a notification to a municipality web application immediate dust bin clean and a notification to a Municipality web application waste fill levels. These procedures are facilitated with a sensors built of ultrasonic waves these are connected to an UNO (Arduino Uno) and checks the levels of the waste inside the dust bin, sending and a notification to the municipality web application if the bin has been fully mode. The entire procedure is supported by an embedded module that utilities IOT facilitation. With the help of this system, the Municipality authorities can monitor and follow up on the in near real - time, the condition of waste collection. In addition, to the appropriate corrective actions might perhaps be adjusted. To accomplish this, an Android application has been created and connects to the web application. Sends an alarm and from micro - controller to the city workplace and to keep an eye on the removal process from afar performed through the employees, eliminating manual inspection and confirmation procedure to transfer the data, the Wi-Fi chip is required and notifications is to the Android app.
Women’s decision in family planning use and its determinants in Ethiopia. A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Anbesu Etsay Woldu , Aychiluhm Setognal Birara , Alemayehu Mussie
Published: July 2021

Background: Low uptake of contraceptive use have much consequence. Despite this effect, less emphasis was given to women’s decision-making on family planning use in Ethiopia. Though there are studies conducted in different parts of the country on women’s decision-making in family planning use, there are inconsistent findings. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of women’s decision-making in family planning use and its determinants in Ethiopia.Methods: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline will be followed to develop the review protocol. All observational studies will be retrieved using Medical Subject Heading (Mesh) terms or keywords from online databases PubMed, CINAHL, Google Scholar, and grey literature. The quality of the studies will be critically assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute checklist. Heterogeneity among studies will be examined using I-squared statistics. Funnel plots and Egger’s test will be used to examine Publication bias. The Meta-analysis will be performed using STATA version 14 software. Statistical significance will be determined at 95% CI.Discussion: Improving women’s autonomy on decision-making on reproductive health services including contraceptive use has a substantial advantage. There are studies on women's decision-making in family planning use, however, there are inconsistent findings. Therefore, this review aims to determine the pooled prevalence of women’s decision-making in family planning use and its determinants in Ethiopia. The finding from this systematic review and meta-analysis will help to inform policymakers to develop appropriate interventions to improve women's decision-making in family planning use.
Development and validation of a prognostic model to predict clinical deterioration in hospitalized patients with COVID-19
Authors: Azadbakht Javid , Kooraki Soheil , Rashedi Sina , Kowsari Hamed , Tabibian Elnaz
Published: July 2021

Objectives

We aimed to develop and validate a prognostic model to predict clinical deterioration defined as either death or intensive care unit admission of hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
Methods

This prospective, multicenter study investigated 172 consecutive hospitalized COVID-19 patients who underwent a chest computed tomography (CT) scan between March 20 and April 30, 2020 (development cohort), as well as an independent sample of 40 consecutive patients for external validation (validation cohort). The clinical, laboratory, and radiologic data were gathered, and logistic regression along with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed.
Results

The overall clinical deterioration rates of the development and validation cohorts were 28.4% (49 of 172) and 30% (12 of 40), respectively. Seven predictors were included in the scoring system with a total score of 15: CT severity score\(\ge\)15 (Odds Ratio (OR)=6.34, 4 points), pleural effusion (OR = 6.80, 2 points), symptom onset to admission ≤ 6 days (OR = 2.44, 2 points), age\(\ge\)70 years (OR = 2.44, 2 points), diabetes mellitus (OR = 2.24, 2 points), dyspnea (OR = 2.17, 1.5 points), and abnormal leukocyte count (OR = 1.89, 1.5 points). The area under the ROC curve for the scoring system in the development and validation cohorts was 0.823 (CI [0.751–0.895]) and 0.558 (CI [0.340–0.775]), respectively.
Conclusion

This study provided a new easy-to-calculate scoring system with external validation for hospitalized COVID-19 patients to predict clinical deterioration based on a combination of seven clinical, laboratory, and radiologic parameters.