bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Theoretical Model for Considering the Role of Hemoglobin and other Spinors in Exchanging Spin Waves between Brain and Heart
Authors: Fioranelli Massimo , Sepehri Alireza , Roccia Maria Grazia , Beesham Aroonkumar , Flavin Dana , Ahmad Hijaz
Published: May 2022

It has been known that both brain and heart produce magnetic fields however, intensity of heart magnetic field is more. The question arises that what is the relation between heart and brain waves. We answer this question by suggesting a theoretical model which use of hemoglobins and other spinors as packages of information and spin waves for exchanging information between heart and brain. In this model, heart genes within heart cells control motions of charged ions and their spins. By motions of these electrical and spinor ions, both electrical and magnetic waves are emerged. Electrical waves produce known action potentials and magnetic waves force on iron atoms within hemoglobins and electrons on other biological objects and induce spin waves and information in multigonal structures around them. Hemoglobins and other spinors are carried by blood cells and liquid molecules and move from heart to brain. Near neurons within the brain, magnetic spins within the hemoglobins and spinors force into ions and cause to their motion towards cells. These ions pass the neuron membranes, force on ionic packages and cause that some new ions become free. These charged/spinor ions produce electrical currents between neurons and emit some magnetic and electrical waves around the brain. We have done some calculations which show by increasing height differences between two mans, time differences for exchanging information between brain and heart increase. This result is related to local entanglement between spinors. However, there is additional non-local entanglements between spinors on the heart and spinors on the brain. These entanglements may be produced through two ways: 1. Some spinors within blood vessels and nerve systems may join to each other and form several strings. Any change in one of spins within this string, cause to changes in all spins. Thus, information could be transmitted between brain and heart immediately. 2. In addition to classical magnetic field which is produced by charged currents, there is another quantum magnetic field which is produced by spinors. This quantum wave couldn’t be detected by present devices, however any change in spinors on the heart cause to a change in quantum magnetic field and spinors on the brain. This is a theoretical model and could be a proposal for scientists to test it.
Nephroprotective effects of Helianthus annuus seeds extract in gentamicin induced nephrotoxic male mice
Authors: Ali Arif , Khan Haroon , Kahrizi Danial , Pervez Samreen , Alotaibi Ghallab , Rastrelli Luca
Published: May 2022

Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes a decrease in renal function which leads to failure in balancing electrolyte, fluid and acid-base homoeostasis. AKI is a damaging and life-threatening disorder, but it can be managed if identified earlier. This study aimed to investigate the possible nephroprotective effect of Helianthus annuus seeds extract against gentamicin (GM) induced nephrotoxicity in male mice. The control group (0.5 ml normal saline i.p.,), Gentamycin (GM) group (GM 100 mg/kg i.p), silymarin + GM group (silymarin 50 mg/kg and GM 100 mg/kg i.p.,), H. annuus extract (HAE) and GM, group (HAE 250 mg/kg and GM 100 mg/kg i.p), HAE2 + GM group (HAE2; 500 mg/kg and GM 100 mg/kg i.p) and H. annuus oil (HAO) + GM (HAO 2.5 ml/kg and GM 100 mg/kg i.p). Serum creatinine, urea and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were significantly (P< 0.001) elevated in the GM group compared to the control group. The elevated level of serum creatinine, urea and BUN were decreased significantly (P<0.001) in groups treated with HAE and HAO extracts compared to the GM group. The kidney histopathological study from the GM group showed tubular necrosis, vacuolation and fibrosis. However, the animal that received HAE and HAO showed no tubular necrosis and vacuolation. Only mild inflammation was observed compared to the GM group. In conclusion, the extract caused marked radical scavenger and protected the kidney from oxidative damage of GM. H. annuus seeds contain strong antioxidant compounds, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, tocopherols and minerals, which could be responsible for the current show.
Expression levels of serum mir-145-5p and Gas6 in women with early-onset preeclampsia and their clinical significance
Authors: Huang Ying , Zhang Yanmei , Zhang Li
Published: May 2022

Early preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific clinical disease, its pathogenesis is not clear, and clinical treatment is limited. Therefore, it is particularly important to study the pathogenesis of early preeclampsia, so as to provide evidence for the diagnosis and effective treatment of early preeclampsia. This research was carried out to investigate the expression levels and clinical significance of mir-145-5p and stagflation specific gene 6 (Gas6) in serum of women with early preeclampsia. For this purpose, 142 patients with preeclampsia were divided into the early-onset group (n=78) and the late-onset group (n=64) according to the onset time. Meanwhile, 70 normal pregnant women were selected as the control group. The levels of serum Gas6, mir-145-5p and inflammatory factors were detected. Logistic regression analysis showed that the expression levels of serum gas-6 and serum mir-145-5p were valuable in the diagnosis of early preeclampsia. ROC curve was established to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of serum Gas6 level in early-onset preeclampsia. Its sensitivity and specificity were 91.23% and 64.2%, respectively, and the cutting value was 255.71pg/mL. The serum Gas6 level was negatively correlated with systolic blood pressure (r=-0.349, P<0.05) and positively correlated with platelet count (r=0.391, P<0.05). Compared with the control group, serum levels of mir-145-5p and TNF-a in women with early-onset preeclampsia were negatively correlated (r=-0.460~0.622, P<0.05). Conclusion: the serum level of Gas6 was reduced in patients with early-onset preeclampsia, and TNF-a inhibited the invasion of SVneo cells by upregulating mir-145-5p.
Relationship between MMP-9 Gene Polymorphism and Intracranial Aneurysm
Authors: Wang Weiwei , Guo Zhang , Xie Dahua , Lin Zhiyong , Lin Ruisheng
Published: May 2022

Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is a gelatinase, which is a member of the MMPs family. We know that MMP-9 is not only an important gelatinase to regulate the extracellular matrix balance, but also one of the most closely related proteases to the pathogenesis of intracranial aneurysm. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between MMP-9 gene polymorphism and intracranial aneurysm. In this paper, 98 patients who were admitted to a hospital from 2018 to 2019 were selected as the experimental group and the control group according to the relevant standards of intracranial aneurysms. The MMP-9 positive and MMP-9 absorbance values between the two groups were compared, so as to determine the concentration of MMP-9 between the two groups. In addition, the gene distribution and gene frequency analysis of the C-1562T promoter region of MMP-9 were carried out. The results showed that in the control group, the gene distribution frequency of CC type was 67% that of CT type was 31% that of TT type was 2%, that of the experimental group was 52%, and that of CT type was 44%. The results showed that there was a correlation between MMP-9 gene polymorphism and intracranial aneurysm.
ROZKŁAD OPADÓW ATMOSFERYCZNYCH W OKOLICY ZIELONEJ GÓRY W LATACH 1991–2014
Authors: KLEINERT KATARZYNA
Published: May 2022

This thesis aims at characterising the distribution of precipitation in the region of Zielona Góra in 1991–2014. An attempt was made to explain the influence of landform and forest cover on precipitation. In the area of interest, summer rainfall prevails with more frequent but less abundant winter precipitation. The highest precipitation has been observed on the western slopes of Zielona Góra Ridge and by the Lower Bóbr River Valley, whereas Zbąszyń, located further to the north-east, is the driest station.
Simulation of a reactor considering the Stamicarbon, Snamprogetti, and Toyo patents for obtaining urea
Authors: Guzmán Rommel Ortiz , Lazo Antonio Bueno
Published: May 2022

In the present work, the plug flow reactor of a urea production plant from ammonia produced from natural gas of the Camisea fields (Peru) was designed, comparatively analyzing three commercial processes currently in operation: Stamicarbon, Snamprogetti, and Toyo. ASPEN PLUS software was used as a simulation tool. To carry out the simulation and subsequent comparison of the three urea production patents, it will start from the same feed of ammonia (37,851 kmol/day) and carbon dioxide (18,989 kmol/day) for the three cases. For the design of urea synthesis reactors, reactors of the same size (2.3 m diameter and 29 m length) were designed. The results are graphs that illustrate the variation of the length of the reactor with the reaction temperature, the variation of the length of the reactor with the residence time, and the variation of the conversion with the time for each patent.
DPG Methods for a Fourth-Order div Problem
Authors: Führer Thomas , Herrera Pablo , Heuer Norbert
Published: May 2022

We study a fourth-order div problem and its approximation by the discontinuous Petrov–Galerkin method with optimal test functions.
We present two variants, based on first and second-order systems.
In both cases, we prove well-posedness of the formulation and quasi-optimal convergence of the approximation.
Our analysis includes the fully-discrete schemes with approximated test functions, for general dimension and polynomial degree in the first-order case, and for two dimensions and lowest-order approximation in the second-order case.
Numerical results illustrate the performance for quasi-uniform and adaptively refined meshes.
Two hide-search games with rapid strategies for multiple parallel searches
Authors: Creasey Peter E.
Published: May 2022

Making a rapid unpredictable decision from

N

N

choices of unequal value is a common control task. When the cost of predictability can be modelled as a penalty hidden under a single option by an intelligent adversary, then an optimal strategy can be found efficiently in

O

(

N
log
N

)

O\left(N\log N)

steps using an approach described by Sakaguchi for a zero-sum hide-search game. In this work, we extend this to two games with multiple parallel predictions, either coordinated or drawn independently from the optimal distribution, both of which can be solved with the same scaling. An open-source code is provided online at https://github.com/pec27/rams.
Experimental study on corrosion characteristics of ATOMET 4601 + TiC alloy steels
Authors: Kandavel Thanjavur Krishnammorthy , Jayaprakash Arumugam , Muthukumar Venkat Krishna
Published: May 2022

The corrosion characteristics of newly synthesized (ATOMET 4601 + 2%TiC) high strength alloy steels through powder metallurgy (P/M) technique has been under taken in the present research work. The green compacts of 0.5 aspect ratio (h/d) were sintered at 1100 ± 10 °C for 30 min in nitrogen purged electric muffle furnace. The sintered compacts were cold forged to obtain various densities of alloy steels preforms. Electrochemical and aqueous immersion corrosion tests were carried out on the cold forged alloy steels using pickling acid medium at various time periods. The experimental results show that the addition of TiC to the ATOMET 4601 decreases the corrosion rate of alloy steel and the corrosion rate is found to decrease with increase in density in the alloy steel compositions. Surface morphology, SEM, and XRD were also corroborated with the corrosion characteristics of the P/M alloy steels.
Interfacial structure and properties of isotactic polybutene-1/polyethylene blends
Authors: Niu Xiu , Wen Shuai , Sun Lili , Liu Yongjia , He Aihua , Nie Huarong
Published: May 2022

Polymer blending is one of the most economical and effective techniques for achieving products with high comprehensive performances. However, the immiscibility between polymers results in a weak interface, which is typically the position where material failure starts when an external force is applied. Therefore, understanding and controlling the interfacial structure are important for controlling the failure behavior of polymer blends and achieving advanced materials. In this study, the related work was performed on a crystal/crystal blend of isotactic polybutene-1 and polyethylene (iPB-1/PE). The results indicated that iPB-1 and PE were partially miscible in a wide temperature window (140–220°C), and the phase separation of iPB-1/PE blends was retarded at 180°C, resulting in an increase in the interfacial thickness and interfacial adhesive strength when iPB-1/PE crystallized at a low temperature. In addition, the iPB-1/high-density PE (HDPE) samples exhibited higher interfacial adhesive strength than the iPB-1/linear low-density PE, which was attributed to the relative streamline chain structure and the wide molecular weight distribution of HDPE and improved the interpenetration, crystallization, and miscibility of iPB-1 and HDPE at the interface. During storage at room temperature, the interfacial adhesive strength of iPB-1/PE decreased because of the spontaneous crystal transition of iPB-1.
Rhinoscleroma – A unique masquerader. A retrospective case series
Authors: Nayak M. Deepak , Shenoy Laxmi
Published: May 2022

Objectives: Rhinoscleroma is a rare infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract caused by Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis. Apart from mandating an appropriate antibiotic therapy, it poses a unique challenge to the pathologists since it can clinically simulate a malignancy. The main objective was to study the cases of rhinoscleroma of the respiratory tract in a period of 3 years with an emphasis on the clinico-pathologic features.

Methods: We report a retrospective analysis of 7 cases, histopathologically diagnosed at our centre as rhino-scleroma. The topography ranged from nasal mucosa (3), pharynx (2) and larynx (2).

Results: Histopathological examination in all cases showed diffuse aggregates of foamy macrophages (Mikulicz cells) containing intracytoplasmic basophilic organisms; admixed with plasma cells in a fibrotic stroma. The overlying epithelium appeared atrophic to focally hyperplastic. The age ranged from 36–67 years, involving both genders. The significant clinical history included a nasal block without anosmia, atrophic rhinitis with septal perforation to subglottic stenosis, requiring immediate surgical intervention. In 4 of the 7 cases, the working clinical diagnosis was stipulated as a malignancy.

Conclusions: Rhinoscleroma can affect different regions in the upper aero digestive tract. A lack of awareness and a delay in the diagnosis of this disease can lead to complications including upper airway obstruction, physical deformity, and rarely, sepsis. In addition, it must be remembered that the treatment of rhinoscleroma is challenging and requires a prolonged course of antibiotics to achieve a definite cure and avoid relapses.
Formation rate of benzyl cations in various aqueous solutions containing different concentrations of acid but with a specific proton activity in lignin acidolysis
Authors: Ito Hiroaki , Yokoyama Tomoya
Published: May 2022

This study aimed to clarify the effect of different solvents, aqueous 1,4-dioxane, ethanol, or ethylene glycol at various mol%, on the formation rate of the benzyl cation, which forms via two steps, the protonation of the benzyl hydroxy or alkoxy group as a pre-equilibrium step and subsequent liberation of the water or corresponding alcohol molecule, respectively, in a model system of the lignin acidolysis, focusing on distinguishing the effects on both steps. For this aim, the acidolysis reactions were conducted in various aqueous solutions and organic solvents that showed a specific proton activity to establish the pre-equilibrium at a specific position. The formation rate of the benzyl cation showed minima in the intermediate mol% range. However, these rate differences were much smaller than those observed in the previous report where the aqueous solutions were prepared to contain a specific acid concentration and show different proton activities and thus the net effect of the solvent type on both steps was indistinguishable. These results clearly showed that the solvent type affects the first step (the proton activity) much more than the last step (the solvent-dissociating power). This paper also describes the preparation of the aqueous solutions to demonstrate a specific proton activity.
Wellposedness of impulsive functional abstract second-order differential equations with state-dependent delay
Authors: Karthikeyan Kulandhivel , Tamizharasan Dhatchinamoorthy , Abdeljawad Thabet , Nisar Kottakkaran Sooppy
Published: May 2022

This study investigates the functional abstract second order impulsive differential equation with state-dependent delay. The major result of this study is that the abstract second-order impulsive differential equation with state-dependent delay system has at least one solution and is unique. After that, the wellposed condition is defined. Following that, we look at whether the proposed problem is wellposed. Finally, some illustrations of our findings are provided.
Venture financing risk assessment and risk control algorithm for small and medium-sized enterprises in the era of big data
Authors: Li Jiehui
Published: May 2022

The existing risk assessment and control methods of enterprise risk financing have a large error in mobile data, which leads to inaccurate risk assessment results and low-risk optimization control efficiency. In order to improve the accuracy of risk financing risk assessment for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and risk control optimization efficiency, this article proposes risk assessment and risk control algorithms for SMEs in the era of big data. Through verifying the information of the loan application and supplementing the data during the loan period, invoke the existing enterprise financing risk database, establish the SME venture financing risk assessment model; build the risk evaluation index system according to the characteristics of the enterprise production organization, process characteristics, and the development of the socioeconomic and technical environment; apply the GA–PSO algorithm to the design of the SME risk financing risk control scheme, and complete the SME risk financing risk assessment and risk control. The experimental results show that the risk optimization control efficiency of the control algorithm reaches more than 70%, and the risk assessment accuracy of SMEs reaches over 95%, and the runtime less than 80 ms, with good convergence performance of risk assessment and control, strong risk optimization control ability, and accurate evaluation effect.
Effect of anesthesia selection on neonatal outcomes in cesarean hysterectomies for placenta accreta spectrum (PAS)
Authors: Munoz Jessian L. , Hernandez Brian , Curbelo Jacqueline , Ramsey Patrick S. , Ireland Kayla E.
Published: May 2022

Objectives

Optimal treatment for placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) is late-preterm cesarean hysterectomy to minimize maternal morbidity. This study aims to assess the impact of surgical planning during this gestational age on neonates as a key part of the pregnancy dyad.

Methods

A retrospective cohort analysis was performed of 115 singleton, non-anomalous pregnancies complicated by PAS at the University of Texas Health San Antonio Placenta Accreta program from 2005 to 2020. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the individual impact of variables such as anesthesia selection, advancing gestational age and operative characteristics.

Results

With regards to neonatal intubation, on multivariate analysis, neuraxial anesthesia (OR=0.09, [95% CI 0.02, 0.37]) and advancing gestational age (OR=0.49 [95% CI 0.34, 0.71]) were independent protective factors. In addition, NICU length of stay was directly impacted by neuraxial anesthesia (IRR=0.73, [95% CI 0.55, 0.97]) and advancing gestational age (IRR=0.80 [95% CI 0.76, 0.84]), resulting in shorter NICU admissions.

Conclusions

As gestational age at delivery may not be modifiable in cases of PAS, the utilization of neuraxial anesthesia (as oppose to general anesthesia) presents a modifiable intervention which may optimize neonatal outcomes from cesarean hysterectomy.
YouTube and TikTok as Platforms for Learning about Others: The Case of Non-Chinese Travel Videos in Shanghai Disneyland
Authors: Soto-Vásquez Arthur D.
Published: May 2022

Purpose

Due to existing Disney fandom and the increased popularity of online travel documentation, there is an opportunity to study brand internationalization, online video culture, and fandom. There are questions of whether video based social media allows for more humane representations of cultural others and to what extent the topic of content shapes representation.

Methodology

In this study, an inductive qualitative method is applied to top YouTube travel videos and TikToks to analyze how non-Chinese visitors to Shanghai Disneyland represent their experience and mediate cultural difference.

Findings

Videos often exhibit the technologically advanced attractions of the park, inspiring awe and envy in comments. A minority of videos discuss the behavior of Chinese guests and mark them as non-normative and different from expected Disney guest behavior. However, there are differences in representation on YouTube and TikTok from sub-genres, comments, gazes, and closeness to brand.

Practical implications

Brands entering the Chinese market must also be aware of how their accommodations appear to loyal non-Chinese online fandoms. This study shows how reoccurring tropes of travel writing influence online travel media, which also shapes perceptions of China, and is reinforced by platform incentives for controversy and sampling diverse cultures.

Social implications

Technological awe and critiques of guest behavior are structured by Disney fan culture, which includes a possessive protectiveness over the brand due to its close association with identity. These elements play out slightly differently on the platforms of YouTube and TikTok. Top YouTube videos tend to feature outward-focusing gazes, whether they are disembodied ride-throughs or cultural “education.” Top TikToks turn the gaze inward and focus on experience.

Value

This study contrasts use of two major platforms, YouTube and TikTok, to examine mediation of Shanghai Disneyland. Studies contrasting platform use of the same topic are rare, as is the area of focus. This study shows the usefulness of comparing platforms on the same topic.
Auditory Cortex Neurons Show Task-Related and Learning-Dependent Selectivity toward Sensory Input and Reward during the Learning Process of an Associative Memory Task
Authors: Takamiya Shogo , Shiotani Kazuki , Ohnuki Tomoya , Osako Yuma , Tanisumi Yuta , Yuki Shoko , Manabe Hiroyuki , Hirokawa Junya , Sakurai Yoshio
Published: May 2022

The activity of primary auditory cortex (A1) neurons is modulated not only by sensory inputs but also by other task-related variables in associative learning. However, it is unclear how A1 neural activity changes dynamically in response to these variables during the learning process of associative memory tasks. Therefore, we developed an associative memory task using auditory stimuli in rats. In this task, rats were required to associate tone frequencies (high and low) with a choice of ports (right or left) to obtain a reward. The activity of A1 neurons in the rats during the learning process of the task was recorded. A1 neurons increased their firing rates either when the rats were presented with a high or low tone (frequency-selective cells) before they chose either the left or right port (choice-direction cells), or when they received a reward after choosing either the left or right port (reward-direction cells). Furthermore, the proportion of frequency-selective cells and reward-direction cells increased with task acquisition and reached the maximum level in the last stage of learning. These results suggest that A1 neurons have task- and learning-dependent selectivity toward sensory input and reward when auditory tones and behavioral responses are gradually associated during task training. This selective activity of A1 neurons may facilitate the formation of associations, leading to the consolidation of associative memory.
Learning from the Physical Consequences of Our Actions Improves Motor Memory
Authors: Bakkum Amanda , Marigold Daniel S.
Published: May 2022

Actions have consequences. Motor learning involves correcting actions that lead to movement errors and remembering these actions for future behavior. In most laboratory situations, movement errors have no physical consequences and simply indicate the progress of learning. Here, we asked how experiencing a physical consequence when making a movement error affects motor learning. Two groups of participants adapted to a new, prism-induced mapping between visual input and motor output while performing a precision walking task. Importantly, one group experienced an unexpected slip perturbation when making foot-placement errors during adaptation. Because of our innate drive for safety, and the fact that balance is fundamental to movement, we hypothesized that this experience would enhance motor memory. Learning generalized to different walking tasks to a greater extent in the group who experienced the adverse physical consequence. This group also showed faster relearning one week later despite exposure to a competing mapping during initial learning, evidence of greater memory consolidation. The group differences in generalization and consolidation occurred although they both experienced similar magnitude foot-placement errors and adapted at similar rates. Our results suggest the brain considers the potential physical consequences of movement error when learning and that balance-threatening consequences serve to enhance this process.
Multitask fMRI Data Classification via Group-Wise Hybrid Temporal and Spatial Sparse Representations
Authors: Song Limei , Ren Yudan , Hou Yuqing , He Xiaowei , Liu Huan
Published: May 2022

Task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (tfMRI) has been widely used to induce functional brain activities corresponding to various cognitive tasks. A relatively under-explored question is whether there exist fundamental differences in fMRI signal composition patterns that can effectively classify the task states of tfMRI data, furthermore, whether there exist key functional components in characterizing the diverse tfMRI signals. Recently, fMRI signal composition patterns of multiple tasks have been investigated via deep learning models, where relatively large populations of fMRI datasets are indispensable and the neurologic meaning of their results is elusive. Thus, the major challenges arise from the high dimensionality, low signal-to-noise ratio, interindividual variability, a small sample size of fMRI data, and the explainability of classification results. To address the above challenges, we proposed a computational framework based on group-wise hybrid temporal and spatial sparse representations (HTSSR) to identify and differentiate multitask fMRI signal composition patterns. Using relatively small cohorts of Human Connectome Project (HCP) tfMRI data as test-bed, the experimental results demonstrated that the multitask of fMRI data can be successfully classified with an average accuracy of 96.67%, where the key components in differentiating the multitask can be characterized, suggesting the effectiveness and explainability of the proposed method. Moreover, both task-related components and resting-state networks (RSNs) can be reliably detected. Therefore, our study proposed a novel framework that identifies the interpretable and discriminative fMRI composition patterns and can be potentially applied for controlling fMRI data quality and inferring biomarkers in brain disorders with small sample neuroimaging datasets.
Functional Gradient of the Fusiform Cortex for Chinese Character Recognition
Authors: Guo Wanwan , Geng Shujie , Cao Miao , Feng Jianfeng
Published: May 2022

Visual word recognition has been proposed to have a functional and spatial organization corresponding to hierarchical language-like word forms in the left fusiform gyrus (FG) during visual word recognition in alphabetic languages. However, it is still unclear whether the similar functional gradients of word-like representation exist during Chinese character recognition. In this study, we adopted univariate activation analysis and representational similarity analysis (RSA) methods to investigate the functional organization in the FG for Chinese character recognition using task fMRI data. Native Chinese readers were visually presented with four types of character-like stimuli (i.e., real characters, pseudo-characters, false characters, and stroke combinations). After analysis, we observed a posterior-to-anterior functional gradient in the left FG corresponding to the degree of likeness of stimuli to character. Additionally, distinct subregions of the left FG harbor different orthographic codes. The middle part of the left FG was involved in abstract orthographic processing, while the anterior part of the left FG was involved in lexical orthographic processing (i.e., mapping orthography onto phonology or semantics). Notably, for the right FG, we did not find similar coding pattern for selectivity to character likeness, indicating the asymmetry of the functional hierarchical organization in favor of the left hemisphere. In conclusion, our findings revealed that the left FG presents a posterior-to-anterior gradient functional processing for Chinese character recognition, which expands our understanding of the psychological, neural, and computational theories of word reading.
The Borrowings of Bob Miller, Hillbilly Music’s Premier Event Songwriter
Authors: Roberts Joel
Published: May 2022

Bob Miller is known as one of the most prolific early country songwriters, but it is not as widely known that he was a blues composer in the 1920s whose songs were recorded by several of the classic female blues singers from the early part of that decade—Clara Smith, Viola McCoy, Lizzie Miles, and others. He is also thought to have written leftist political material, but these political songs spoke more to common sentiments during the Great Depression than any true political position. Miller’s diverse songwriting career resulted from his creative output being influenced by the direction of commercial music. His first “hillbilly” song, “Eleven Cent Cotton, Forty Cent Meat,” became a Depression-era hit that was recorded by multiple artists, including himself. While he did not write more than seven thousand songs as he claimed, he did write a high number. Part of what contributed to his large catalog was that he was adept at tweaking preexisting songs, and much of his output was modeled after other songs. This study analyzes and discusses the commercially influenced direction of his career as well as his possibly misascribed political leanings.
The Rise and Fall of a Peripheral People? Samaritans and the Discourse of Late Antique Disaster
Authors: Chalmers Matthew J.
Published: May 2022

This article treats the intersection of a “peripheral people”—specifically Samaritan Israelites—with scholarly narratives of disaster concerning Late Antiquity. A disaster is not so much a one-off event as an ongoing series of collective experiences, patterned and repatterned in the movements of bodies and through shared—if unstable—narrative. This article, leaning into this phenomenological complexity, attends to the shared discourse of disaster as a practice of scholarly fields concerned with the study of Late Antiquity. I highlight a scholarly tendency to rely on disaster and its related tropes as it scripts the history of a group often classified as peripheral: Samaritan Israelites.

In the case of the Samaritans, rich and varied evidence from Late Antiquity is compressed into a dominant portrayal of a group set on a collision course with the Roman Empire. Examining how this compression happens equips us to better identify the powers of historiographical curation, especially with respect to groups perceived as historical (and/or present) minorities, in shaping narratives. In this article, I ask both a historical question—when and whether disaster struck—and a historiographical one—what does it mean for disaster to provide us with a historiographical vocabulary at all, and to which groups do we tend to apply it?
Bluets of Late Antiquity
Authors: Motia Michael
Published: May 2022

Contemporary studies of mysticism pay careful attention to the way words signify—and for good reason. Early Christians debated theories of language and invented new ones to try to speak the impossible. But what if we shift the focus from linguistic signification to chromatic differentiation? What do we notice when we’re looking not for moments when words fail but moments when colors pop? Polychromy and the jeweled style of late ancient aesthetics are now well-known features of late ancient art, and yet these studies are often vague about actual colors. This paper attempts to slow the swirl of late ancient colors to show how early Christians found God in the color blue.
Los textos escolares de historia y la formación de la imagen sobre la nación
Authors: Puerta Villagaray César
Published: May 2022

En el artículo se busca comprender si los textos escolares de historia aún son instrumentos que contribuyen al proceso de formación de la imagen sobre la nación peruana. El argumento central señala que en las últimas décadas los textos escolares de historia se conciben como recursos para la implementación pedagógica de una concepción más pluralista de la nación, más atenta a la diversidad social y cultural. El trabajo se divide en tres partes. En la primera, se reflexiona sobre el texto escolar como objeto de estudio. En la segunda, se explica, cómo los textos escolares jugaron un rol importante en la formación del imaginario sobre la nación. En la tercera parte, se examinan dos temas de historia, la independencia (primeras décadas del siglo XIX) y los años de la violencia política (1980-2000), en los textos escolares de educación secundaria del año 2012.
La cumbia peruana. Entre el mestizaje y la globalización
Authors: Mejía Navarrete Julio
Published: May 2022

El desarrollo de la cumbia peruana es parte de la crisis de la sociedad oligárquica y la expansion de la globalización. La cumbia peruana simboliza una prédica que modifica los estilos de la música tradicional peruana y actualmente deviene en uno de los géneros con mayor proyección internacional.
Prevalencia de diarrea viral bovina, neosporosis bovina, leucosis bovina enzoótica y paratuberculosis bovina en vacas de doble propósito en condiciones del trópico colombiano
Authors: Naranjo Guerrero Luisa Fernanda , Rodríguez Colorado Nancy , Mejía Araque Jesús
Published: May 2022

El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la prevalencia de diarrea viral bovina (DVB), neosporosis bovina (NEOS), leucosis bovina enzoótica (LBE) y paratuberculosis bovina (PB) en vacas de doble propósito criadas bajo condiciones de trópico bajo. El estudio se desarrolló en la finca La Pintada ubicada en el municipio de Puerto Boyacá, Boyacá, Colombia, tomándose muestras de sangre a 840 vacas de 2-3 años procedentes de varios departamentos del país. Se realizaron pruebas de ELISA competitiva (DVB, NEOS, LBE) e indirecta (PB). Se encontró una seropositividad de 25.83% a DVB, 19.29% a NEOS, 14.64% a LBE y 4.17% a PB.
Factores de riesgo asociados a las enfermedades zoonóticas derivadas de la producción porcícola: Una revisión exploratoria
Authors: Pulido-Villamarín Adriana , Castañeda-Salazar Rubiela , Márquez-Hernández Angie , Martínez-Rodríguez Javier , Martínez-Triana David , Palencia-Sánchez Francisco
Published: May 2022

La producción porcícola colombiana ha incrementado con el transcurso de los años; sin embargo, dadas las condiciones socioeconómicas del país, las personas que tienen relación con las granjas pueden adquirir patógenos zoonóticos y desarrollar enfermedad. Con el fin de identificar los factores de riesgo asociados a la transmisión de enfermedades zoonóticas se realizó una revisión de la literatura siguiendo los pasos de una «scoping review»; mediante la búsqueda de artículos científicos en las bases de datos MEDLINE, Web of Science y SciELO, aplicando términos DeCS. En total, 31 documentos cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y fueron analizados. Para la transmisión de enfermedades zoonóticas desde los cerdos hacia los humanos, los factores de riesgo descritos fueron: deficientes hábitos higiénicos de los trabajadores, inadecuado manejo de las excretas de animales y humanos y la presencia de plagas en las granjas como roedores, entre otras; sin embargo, la información relacionada con este tipo de patologías es escasa, por lo que es necesario continuar con el desarrollo de estudios adicionales que permitan identificar nuevos factores de riesgo y profundizar en los ya existentes para prevenir su presentación.
Impact of a Pediatric Night Float on Medical Students’ Education: Clerkship Student Perspectives
Authors: Simek Kelsey , Edwards Michael , Levy Robert , Seltz L. Barry
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVES

A night float, in which learners work successive overnight shifts, is increasingly used in undergraduate medical education, yet few studies have examined its impact on students. The study objective was to explore third-year medical students’ perspectives on the impact on learning of a pediatric night float.

METHODS

Informed by situated learning theory, we performed a qualitative study using grounded theory methodology to interview 19 third-year medical students who completed a pediatric night float between June 2019 and April 2021. Four coders analyzed data with the constant comparative method. Codes were built using an iterative approach and organized into themes. Discrepancies were resolved by consensus.

RESULTS

Analysis yielded 4 themes: professional identity formation, learning activities, clinical experiences, and work–life balance. Students described positive and negative educational experiences, which were influenced by how well students integrated into the team. For some students, the night float provided opportunities to admit patients, increase confidence, and build camaraderie, which helped form professional identity. Students felt the night float was key residency preparation. Educational activities included experiential learning, teaching, and receiving feedback. Students admitted more patients and were exposed to a greater diversity of illnesses at night compared with day shifts. Fatigue was common and sending students home before morning handoff impeded their integration into the team.

CONCLUSIONS

Students described varied impact of the night float on their education. A night float experience was felt to be key residency preparation. For students who felt included in the team a night float may promote professional identity formation.
МАТЕМАТИЧНЕ МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ВЗАЄМОДІЇ СІТЧАСТИХ РОЗДІЛЮВАЧІВ ФАЗ С ГАЗОВИМИ ПУЗИРЯМИ В УМОВАХ ЗМІННОГО ПОЛЯ МАСОВИХ СИЛ
Authors: Давидов С.О. , Давидова А.В. , Склярський І.А. , Чуприна А.А.
Published: May 2022

Modern multi-purpose spacecraft for several years must perform complex and diverse tasks in outer space. At the same time, it is necessary to turn on jet engines dozens of times in conditions of practical weightlessness. At the time of starting the engine, the liquid fuel is mixed randomly with the boost gas. In this case, it is impossible to guarantee the contact of the drainage hole with the gas phase, and the drain hole with the fuel. To solve this problem, it is proposed to use various, so-called means of ensuring the continuity of fuel (MECF). The effectiveness of monitoring the position of the liquid in the flight conditions of the aircraft in the passive section of the trajectory is determined by the ability of the MECF to ensure the discharge of fuel from the tank without gas inclusions at any required time with a given flow rate and in the required amount with a minimum volume of unselected residues.

The article deals with the features of the functioning of the SOST of the inertial type, which includes mesh phase separators (MPS). The need to use the MPS is due to the possibility of the gas phase entering the drain line, both in the passive section of the trajectory and at the stage of switching on the main engines, which can lead to a disruption of their launch. When fuel moves into the drain line, bubbles remain on the mesh surface and prevent the passage of liquid.

The article builds a mathematical model of the behavior of gas bubbles on the surface of the MPS in the flow of a viscous liquid. On the basis of the constructed mathematical model, the corresponding numerical calculations were carried out. The proposed method of engineering calculation makes it possible to determine such a MECF design that excludes the possibility of "contamination" of the surface of the MPS by gas bubbles and the disruption as a result of this normal functioning of the fuel supply system to the engines of spacecraft.
Projeto de vida enquanto ação evangelizadora no contexto universitário
Authors: Fett João
Published: May 2022

Este artigo pretende investigar a viabilidade do tratamento do tema projeto de vida enquanto uma ação evangelizadora de natureza pastoral, explorando particularmente o desafio de uma iniciativa nesse modelo no contexto universitário. Inicia-se a reflexão com um exame conceitual, situando as noções de ação evangelizadora e atividade pastoral, bem como a noção de projeto de vida. Em seguida, explora-se o contexto universitário como potencial locus para a concepção do projeto de vida a partir de uma perspectiva pastoral. Segue-se com o exame de uma experiência concreta do tratamento sob análise implantada e desenvolvida na Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, realizada a partir de 2018, a saber, o projeto Quest, voltado à reflexão sobre o sentido da vida. Em seguida, busca-se extrair uma avaliação da experiência com base em resultados mensurados quantitativa e qualitativamente. Por fim, encaminham-se as observações conclusivas e as perspectivas de futuro para o trabalho ora estudado.
Maternagem de filhos com dificuldades graves de desenvolvimento
Authors: Fabris-Zavaglia Marina Miranda , Visintin Carlos Del Negro , Aiello-Vaisberg Tânia Maria José
Published: May 2022

Considerando que o cuidado infantil é socialmente visto como responsabilidade materna, justifica-se a realização de pesquisas que abordem as maneiras pelas quais se concretiza tal tarefa. A presente investigação objetiva compreender a experiência de mães de filhos que apresentam dificuldades no processo de conquista de independência. Delineia-se por meio da abordagem de mães de crianças autistas, tendo em vista que tal condição representa, de modo emblemático, situações de vida nas quais o cuidado infantil se intensifica e se faz duradouro. O material de pesquisa foi produzido a partir de quatro entrevistas psicológicas individuais, organizadas ao redor do Procedimento de Desenhos-Estórias com Tema. A consideração psicanalítica do material permitiu a produção interpretativa de três campos de sentido afetivo-emocional: “É culpa da mãe”, “Dedicando-se exclusivamente” e “Cuidado espontâneo”. O quadro geral revela que a experiência materna pode tanto se realizar de modo angustiante, quanto fluir como gesto espontâneo de atendimento do filho.
Devolução dos resultados de pesquisa em psicologia para os respectivos participantes
Authors: Hohendorff Jean Von , Patias Naiana Dapieve , Gaspodini Icaro Bonamigo , Bizarro Lisiane
Published: May 2022

A devolução de resultados para participantes é um dever ético em pesquisa. Objetivou-se identificar as práticas adotadas pelas(os) pesquisadoras(es) brasileiras(os) em psicologia para devolução dos resultados de pesquisa para as(os) respectivas(os) participantes. Realizou-se uma pesquisa online, da qual participaram 68 pesquisadoras(es) brasileiros em psicologia. As(os) participantes tinham entre 32 e 73 anos (M = 49,8; DP = 11,5), 62% eram mulheres, com tempo médio de formação desde o doutorado de 14,3 anos (DP = 9,6). 43% das(os) participantes respondeu que frequentemente realizava alguma prática de devolução, presencial ou coletiva, por meio de cursos de extensão, capacitações e palestras. Praticar a devolução de resultados de pesquisa em psicologia pode motivar a colaboração em pesquisas, além de fazer cumprir um direito dos participantes.
obrigação é predicável somente da Vontade
Authors: Becker Silvério
Published: May 2022

MAHAN, Asa. Obligation Predicable Only of the Will. In: MAHAN, Asa. Doctrine of the Will. Oberlin: J. M. Fitch, 1847. p 124-136.
Three Rival Visions of Distributive Justice the Indirect Case for Libertarianism
Authors:   Nicolaus Copernicus University, Dominiak Łukasz
Published: May 2022

In this paper, I employ the method of reflective equilibrium to analyse background conditions of our considered judgements about distributive justice generated by a thought experiment called “Three Children and a Flute”, proposed and interestingly commented upon by Amartya Sen in his book The Idea of Justice. I claim that, contrary to Sen’s conclusions drawn from the thought experiment, for the utilitarian and egalitarian visions of distributive justice to hold other things about distribution of resources and social life that we are not willing to accept must be true and that it is not the case then that it is a ‘difficult decision’ to make what pattern of distribution should prevail in the thought experiment. To boot, I hold that libertarian or natural pattern of distribution does not presuppose these background conditions that we are not willing to accept and which are presupposed by egalitarian and utilitarian distributive patterns. I conclude that taking into consideration the fact that there is a plethora of inconsistencies, counter-intuitive consequences and anti-scientific implications of the utilitarian and egalitarian solutions to the thought experiment, it is a natural pattern of distribution that prevails in the ‘flute dilemma’.
Global Governance – a Perspective on World Politics. Four Theoretical Approaches
Authors:   Th e School of Administration in Bielsko-Biala, Kozub-Karkut Magdalena
Published: May 2022

The objective of this article is to demonstrate the place of the global governance concept in four international relations theories: realism, liberalism, neoliberal institutionalism and social constructivism. Global governance is defined as the sum of ways that institutions and international organizations, both public and private, use to try to cooperate at the global level in order to manage their common affairs. In addition, the paper defines global governance as being a specific perspective on world politics that offers a tool for understanding global change in an era of shifting boundaries and relocated authorities. The main research questions of the article are: how the most influential IR theories have reacted to the global governance concept and why the term ‘global governance’, so popularly and so frequently used in the 1990’s, has not resulted in a stable concept. Conclusions and suggestions presented in the summary point out that global governance held the promise of a radical transformation (predicted by almost every IR theory) of world order at the end of the Cold War. However, this great institutional transformation has never taken place. Therefore, current global politics still remain resistant to any form of world (or global) governance.