bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of Mutations in the NS5A-PKRBD Region and IFNL4 Genotypes with Hepatitis C Interferon Responsiveness and its Functional and Structural Analysis
Authors: Hashempour Tayebeh , Dehghani Behzad , Mousavi Zahra , Akbari Tahereh , Hasanshahi Zahra , Moayedi Javad , Yahaghi Maryam , Davarpanah Mohammad Ali
Published: January 2020

Background:

The cellular antiviral responses induced by interferons require some cellular protein kinase for its activation. Evidence indicated that a number of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) proteins can repress double-stranded (ds) RNA-dependent Protein Kinase (PKR) function and help HCV to escape. However, the reports are controversial, some researchers have suggested that a region in Nonstructural 5A (NS5A) gene called Protein Kinase R-Binding Domain (PKR-BD) is associated with HCV sensitivity to the antiviral effects of Interferon (IFN). In addition, the other factor that might be associated with response to PEGylated-IFNα (Peg-IFNα) and Ribavirin (RBV) combination therapy, is IFNL4 genotypes.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between amino acid (aa) substitutions in the NS5A region and the IFNL4 genotypes in two Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) (rs8099917. rs12979860) in patients with HCV genotypes 1a and 3a. We also examined their response to combination therapy and the effect of these mutations on the function and structure of PKR-BD.

Methods:

Eighty-six patients with hepatitis C were recruited and follow-up for 6 months. Several tests, including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), viral load, IFNL4 genotyping, and PKR-BD sequencing were performed. Using several well-known and trustworthy bioinformatics tools, sequences were analyzed to define physio-chemical properties, structural features, immune epitopes and protein-protein interaction.

Results:

Of the 86 patients, 65.1% had high viral load at baseline, 64% had CT genotype for rs12979860 and 57% had GT genotype for rs8099917. Several aa residues changes were found in the PKR-BD region. We could not find any link between mutations in the PKR-BD region and different genotypes of IFNL4 in response to antiviral therapy. Regardless of pI, PKR-BD 1a and 3a showed similar physio-chemical properties, and 2 phosphorylation sites and one glycosylation site were estimated for both PKR-BD 1a and 3a. Trustworthy software were employed in order to predict B-cell epitopes, 3 regions (6-17, 26-32, 34-41) were found for both proteins, indicating a huge potential of PKR-BD protein to induce humoral immune system. Docking analysis determined non-responder sequences in both 1a and 3a genotypes to have higher energy value and are more compatible with PKR.

Conclusion:

To sum up, our results could not determine any significant relationship between mutations of PKR-BD and genotypes of IFNL4 with other factors; ALT, AST, viral load. However, docking results showed strengthened interaction between PKR-BD and PKR in non-responders that could have a momentous impact on the illness severity.
Natural New Bioactive Anthraquinones from Rubiaceae
Authors: Su Guang-Yao , Chen Ming-Long , Wang Kui-Wu
Published: January 2020

Rubiaceae family belongs to the Gentianales, it contains 650 genera and 13,000 species
and its worldwide distribution makes it the fourth largest angiosperms. Rubiaceae contains a large
amount of anthraquinone compounds, especially in the roots. Anthraquinones are very important natural
products with various bioactivities, including antibacterial, antiviral, cytotoxic and antitumor,
which make it play an important role in recent research. In the previous study, many researchers have
reported anthraquinones from Rubiaceae in different aspects. The present paper provides an overview
of the bioactive properties of new naturally occurring anthraquinones and its structural diversity that
have been isolated from the Rubiaceae family in recent years. The article covers the literature from
2007 to 2018, overall 95 new anthraquinones.
Association of the Haze and Diabetes in China
Authors: Sun Jun , Ji Jie , Wang Yurong , Gu Harvest F.
Published: January 2020

Background:

China, as the largest developing country in the world, has experienced rapid
economic development during the past decades. As a side effect of the rapid growth of Chinese economy,
air pollution in the form of haze is harmful to human health.

Introduction:

China is also one of the countries with the highest prevalence of diabetes in Asia and has
the largest burden of diabetes in the world. Recent evidence suggests a positive correlation between air
pollution and the increased risk of diabetes. However, the association of haze with diabetes is still unclear.

Methods:

Based upon literature searching with PubMed, the information on haze and prevalence of diabetes
in different cities or provinces of China is summarized. The possible association of haze with diabetes
and the perspectives of haze research particularly in the prevention of haze in China are then discussed.

Results:

The exposure of long-term air pollution such as haze reduces insulin-dependent glucose uptake,
leading to insulin resistance; damages beta cell function, leading to decreased insulin secretion,
and promotes subcutaneous fat accumulation. Pathophysiological effects of particulate matters in diabetes
through inflammation and oxidative stress were evidenced by several epidemiological and experimental
studies.

Conclusion:

A better understanding of the incidence of diabetes caused by haze exposure may facilitate
policy development in air pollution prevention and intervention design in diabetes prevention. Continuous
improvement in air quality may help to reduce diabetes prevalence in China.
Low-dose Computed Tomography (CT) for the Diagnosis of Congenital Heart Disease in Children: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Tian Lu , Wang Longlun , Qin Yong , Cai Jinhua
Published: January 2020

Background:

Low dose CT has become a promising examination method for the diagnosis
of Congenital heart disease (CHD) in children because it has a low radiation dose, but it has
not been widely accepted as an alternative to standard-dose CT in clinical applications due to concerns
about image quality. Therefore, we suggest that the diagnostic accuracy, image quality, and
radiation dose of low-dose CT for CHD in children should be fully explored through a metaanalysis
of existing studies.

Methods:

A comprehensive search was performed to identify relevant English and Chinese articles
(from inception to May 2019). All selected studies concerned the diagnosis of CHD in children
using low-dose CT. The accuracy of low-dose CT was determined by calculating pooled estimates
of sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio, and likelihood ratio. Pooling was conducted
using a bivariate generalized linear mixed model. Forest plots and summary receiver operating
characteristic (SROC) curves were generated.

Results:

Ten studies, accounting for 577 patients, met the eligibility criteria. The pooled sensitivity
and specificity were 0.95 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.92-0.97) and 1.00 (95% CI 1.00-
1.00), respectively. The pooled diagnostic odds ratio, positive likelihood ratio, and negative likelihood
ratio of low-dose CT were 12705.53 (95% CI 5065.00-31871.73), 671.29 (95% CI 264.77-
1701.97), and 0.05 (95% CI 0.03-0.08), respectively. Additionally, the area under the SROC curve
was 1.00 (95% CI 0.99-1.00), suggesting that low-dose CT is an excellent diagnostic tool for
CHD in children.

Conclusion:

Low-dose CT, especially with a prospective ECG-triggering mode, provides excellent
imaging quality and high diagnostic accuracy for CHD in children.
Effect of Aglycon and Glycoside Flavonoid-Enriched Extracts Obtained from Buxus sempervirens L. on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Diabetic Rats
Authors: Ajebli Mohammed , Eddouks Mohamed
Published: January 2020

Background:

Buxus sempervirens L. is a medicinal plant with several beneficial effects on
health and is widely used in Moroccan folklore as an antidiabetic plant.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of both aglycone and glycoside
flavonoid enriched extracts of this plant in the experimental diabetic state.

Methods:

In the current work, the effect of aglycone and glycoside flavonoid-enriched extracts from
the leaves of Buxus sempervirens L. (AFBS and GFBS) (10 mg/kg) on blood glucose levels has been
evaluated in normal and streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats. Moreover, the histopathological changes
in the liver and pancreas have been assessed in STZ diabetic rats. The ability of AFBS and GFBS to
improve glucose tolerance in normal rats was also evaluated.

Results:

In normal rats, both a single and repeated administration of AFBS and GFBS (10 mg/kg)
showed no significant effects on blood glucose levels. However, both single and repeated oral administration
of the two fractions showed a significant blood glucose lowering effect (p<0.0001) in STZ
rats. In addition, histopathological analysis has demonstrated the beneficial impact of AFBS and
GFBS on the pancreas and liver. Whereas, the oral glucose tolerance test demonstrated no significant
ability of these extracts to improve the increase in blood glucose levels in normal and diabetic treated
rats. In the current study, no significant changes in body weight in normal and STZ rats have been
shown. In addition, the antioxidant activity of both AFBS and GFBS revealed the antioxidant effect
of both extracts. Furthermore, both flavonoid-enriched fractions had no significant effect on blood
lipid levels.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, AFBS and GFBS exhibited an interesting antidiabetic effect on streptozotocin
rats and GFBS which seems to be more effective than AFBS.
Phenotypic and Molecular Screening of Nasal S. aureus from Adult Hospitalized Patients for Methicillin- and Vancomycin-resistance
Authors: Al-Tamimi Mohammad , Himsawi Nisreen , Abu-Raideh Jumana , Khasawneh Ashraf I. , jazar Deaa Abu , Al-jawaldeh Hussam , Hawamdeh Hasan
Published: January 2020

Introduction:

Nasal carriers of Staphylococcus aureus are common and play an important
role in the transmission of infections. The aim of this study is a phenotypic and molecular investigation
of nasal methicillin- and vancomycin-resistant S. aureus in hospitalized patients.

Methods:

202 nasal swabs were collected from patients at Prince Hamzah Hospital, Jordan,
through 2016-2017. Swabs were processed according to standard microbiological procedures to
isolate Staphylococci. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using disk diffusion, E-test,
microdilution and Vitek 2. Methicillin resistance was confirmed by testing for the mecA gene,
while vancomycin resistance was screened by testing for the vanA and vanB genes.

Results:

The mean age of participants was 50.17±18.18 years and 59.4% were females. Nasal
Staphylococci was isolated in 64/202 (31.7%), S. aureus was isolated from 33 samples (16.3%),
MRSA was isolated from 13 samples (6.4%) and constitutive Macrolide-lincosamidestreptogramin
B (MLSB) was isolated from 12 samples (5.9%). All MRSA isolates harbored the
mecA gene. All isolates were sensitive to vancomycin using E-test and the microdilution test and
were negative for the vanA and vanB genes. The highest resistance rate was observed for benzylpenicillin
(>90%), while the lowest resistance rate was for tobramycin (<5%) among all isolates.
Nasal Staphylococci, S. aureus and MRSA colonization significantly correlate with increased
number of family members and previous hospitalization (P<0.05), while nasal S. aureus
significantly correlates with a history of skin infection (P=0.003).

Conclusions:

Nasal colonization by mecA-mediated MRSA is common among hospitalized patients,
while vanA- and vanB-mediated vancomycin resistance was not detected in any nasal isolates.
Effects of Simvastatin on the Metabolism of Fatty Acids in Combined Secondary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease: Dosage and Gender Differences between the Effects
Authors: Kotlovskiy Mikhail Y. , Udut Elena V. , Kairov Gaisa T. , Fisenko Vladimir P. , Udut Vladimir V.
Published: January 2020

Background:

Statins are currently used for secondary prevention of Coronary Heart
Disease (CHD), as the lipid-lowering therapy with them is proven safe and effective.

Objective:

The purpose of this research is to investigate the dose-dependent effect of statins used
for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease, as well as mechanisms of quantitative and
qualitative changes in lipoproteins, fatty acids and cholesterol in the blood and tissues of people of
both sexes.

Methods:

In a clinical trial (n=125, of which 89 patients belong to group 1 and 36 to group 2) and
an experiment on laboratory animals (n = 100), simvastatin reduced the total level of fatty acids in
blood plasma, when given in the amount that was within the therapeutic dose range.

Results:

This effect was achieved through a drug-induced improvement in the capacity of hepatic
cells to absorb Low-density (LDL) and Very-low-density (VLDL) lipoproteins.

Conclusions:

Considering the formation of saturated fatty acids, statin performed better in males.
With Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids involved, changes in lipoproteins, cholesterol and fatty
acids (liver and myocardium) were similar to those caused by small doses of a statin drug. Effects
of the combination of bisoprolol and acetylsalicylic acid were completely different from those
caused by the use of statin.
Two-tier Grading System for NPDR Severities of Diabetic Retinopathy in Retinal Fundus Images
Authors: Bhardwaj Charu , Jain Shruti , Sood Meenakshi
Published: January 2020

Background:

Diabetic Retinopathy is the leading cause of vision impairment and its early stage
diagnosis relies on regular monitoring and timely treatment for anomalies exhibiting subtle distinction
among different severity grades. The existing Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) detection approaches are subjective,
laborious and time consuming which can only be carried out by skilled professionals. All the patents
related to DR detection and diagnoses applicable for our research problem were revised by the authors. The
major limitation in classification of severities lies in poor discrimination between actual lesions, background
noise and other anatomical structures.

Methods:

A robust and computationally efficient Two-Tier DR (2TDR) grading system is proposed in this
paper to categorize various DR severities (mild, moderate and severe) present in retinal fundus images. In the
proposed 2TDR grading system, input fundus image is subjected to background segmentation and the foreground
fundus image is used for anomaly identification followed by GLCM feature extraction forming an
image feature set. The novelty of our model lies in the exhaustive statistical analysis of extracted feature set
to obtain optimal reduced image feature set employed further for classification.

Results:

Classification outcomes are obtained for both extracted as well as reduced feature set to validate the
significance of statistical analysis in severity classification and grading. For single tier classification stage,
the proposed system achieves an overall accuracy of 100% by k- Nearest Neighbour (kNN) and Artificial
Neural Network (ANN) classifier. In second tier classification stage, an overall accuracy of 95.3% with kNN
and 98.0% with ANN is achieved for all stages utilizing optimal reduced feature set.

Conclusion::

2TDR system demonstrates overall improvement in classification performance by 2% and 6%
for kNN and ANN respectively after feature set reduction, and also outperforms the accuracy obtained by
other state of the art methods when applied to the MESSIDOR dataset. This application oriented work aids in
accurate DR classification for effective diagnosis and timely treatment of severe retinal ailment.
Renal Replacement Therapy Tactics in Russian Regions with an Average Population Density
Authors: Perlin D. V.
Published: January 2020

The lecture details the current understanding of renal replacement therapy and current advances in this field. The current diagnostic and treatment algorithms have been clarified, allowing timely assistance to the population with chronic kidney disease. I tried to identify the main milestones on the way to increasing the availability of renal replacement therapy in our country, where many regions have a very large area and low population density. Obviously, much effort remains to be done to achieve a good level of security and accessibility of renal replacement therapy for our population. I hope that this manuscript will serve to some extent the aims that have been set.

The study did not have sponsorship. The author has declared no conflicts of interest
A feature-based hybrid recommender system for risk prediction : Machine learning approach (Preprint)
Authors: Bhatti Uzair
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND

In the era of health informatics, exponential growth of information generated by health information systems and healthcare organizations demands expert and intelligent recommendation systems. It has become one of the most valuable tools as it reduces problems such as information overload while selecting and suggesting doctors, hospitals, medicine, diagnosis etc according to patients’ interests.

OBJECTIVE

Recommendation uses Hybrid Filtering as one of the most popular approaches, but the major limitations of this approach are selectivity and data integrity issues.Mostly existing recommendation systems & risk prediction algorithms focus on a single domain, on the other end cross-domain hybrid filtering is able to alleviate the degree of selectivity and data integrity problems to a better extent.

METHODS

We propose a novel algorithm for recommendation & predictive model using KNN algorithm with machine learning algorithms and artificial intelligence (AI). We find the factors that directly impact on diseases and propose an approach for predicting the correct diagnosis of different diseases. We have constructed a series of models with good reliability for predicting different surgery complications and identified several novel clinical associations. We proposed a novel algorithm pr-KNN to use KNN for prediction and recommendation of diseases

RESULTS

Beside that we compared the performance of our algorithm with other machine algorithms and found better performance of our algorithm, with predictive accuracy improving by +3.61%.

CONCLUSIONS

The potential to directly integrate these predictive tools into EHRs may enable personalized medicine and decision-making at the point of care for patient counseling and as a teaching tool.

CLINICALTRIAL

dataset for the trials of patient attached
Hydrolytic Process of Proteins in Moringa oleifera Seeds in Varied Concentrations of Sodium Hydroxide and Hydrochloric Acid
Authors: Kurniaty Ika , Nugrahani Ratri Ariatmi , Sari Fatma , Rusanti Wenny Diah , Wibowo Haryadi
Published: January 2020

Indonesia is endowed with an immense biodiversity that can be used as protein sources. One of these is Moringa oleifera tree that is locally known as Kelor. The seeds of this plant can be used as a protein source, an effective coagulant for water purification, a natural absorbent, and an antimicrobial treatment. Kelor seeds are known to contain fibers, proteins, carbohydrates, and vitamins. The objectives of this study were to identify the optimal solution concentration, determine the yield percentage, and determine the optimal protein content from hydrolytic processes of Moringa seed extraction using Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) and Hydrochloric Acid (HCl). The hydrolysis took place for 30 minutes at 60oC. The proteins extracted from Moringa seeds were identified with biuret and Braford tests. The NaOH extractions resulted in the highest yield of 12.1% and protein content of 0.43% with 2% NaOH. Whereas those of HCl produced the highest yield of 11.1% and protein content of 9.63% with 1% HCl.
Microparticles Formation of Ganoderma lucidum Extract by Electrospraying Method
Authors: Machmudah Siti , Setyorini Dwi , Winardi Sugeng , Wahyudiono Wahyudiono , Kanda Hideki
Published: January 2020

In this work, Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) extract was produced in microparticles form by electrospraying. G. lucidum was extracted hydrothermally at temperature of 160oC and pressure of 7 MPa. The extract solution was subsequently mixed with 6% of Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and formed into microparticles by electrospraying process. The electrospraying was carried out at applied voltage of 12, 14, and 16 kV, and the distance between syringe tip and electrospun collector of 8, 10, and 12 cm. The microparticles formed was analyzed using scanning electron microscope (SEM), fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and UV-Vis spectrofotometer. The antioxidant efficiency of particles was also analyzed by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Based on the SEM analysis, the G. lucidum extract (GLE) – PVP spherical particles were formed by electrospraying. The finer fibres were clearly formed with the increasing applied voltage. The results showed that applied voltage and distance of tip to electrospun collector significantly influence the antioxidant efficiency and the diameter size of particles. The antioxidant efficiency increased with the rising applied voltage and gap of tip to electrospun collector, while the particle diameter decreased with the rising applied voltage and gap of tip to electrospun collector due to fast mass transfer and evaporation. The largest antioxidant efficiency of particles was 0.377/min obtained at 16 kV and 12 cm. It indicated that electrospraying is an effective process to produce pharmaceutical compounds in powder form.
The Anatomical and Physiological Perspectives of Siras and Dhamanis; Differences, Similarities and Related Disease
Authors: Kandekar Sudhir M. , Chavan Avinash B.
Published: January 2020

Ayurveda is considered as traditional science of healing and well-being since it described many theories to remain healthy and free from disease conditions. Ayurveda described all aspects related to the anatomical and physiological functioning of body and in this regards Ayurveda also elaborated concepts of vessels that carry fluids from one place to another. The vein and artery are important vessels of body that carry bloods from one place to another Ayurveda also mentioned terms Siras and Dhamanis for vein and artery respectively. Dhamani is considered as thick vessels while Sira is considered as thin blood vessel. There are significant anatomical and physiological difference between Sira and Dhamani and understanding of these differences is very important for clinical point of view. Considering this concept present article explored anatomical and physiological considerations related to vein and artery.
Panchkarma and its Modality towards the Management of Pain and Related Disorders
Authors: Kanungo Neeraj , Ojha Ajit Kumar , Kanungo Vijayata
Published: January 2020

Ayurveda the science of healing and health restoration encompasses various therapeutic modalities for the treatment of disease and health management, Panchkarma is one such approach of Ayurveda that provides health benefits in many ailments including joint pain. The incidences of pain related diseases increases now a days due to the disturbed pattern of daily regimen and sedentary life style thus it is prerequisite to explore an approach that offers beneficial effects in these conditions without severe side effects and Panchkarma can provide therapeutic response in conditions like; osteoarthritis, sports injuries, rheumatoid arthritis, spondylosis, sciatica, myalgia, muscle cramps, sprain and low back ache, etc. Present article summarizes health benefits of Panchkarma in conditions related to pain or joint pain.
Hilario Antonio Rodríguez: un spanish negro de La Habana en la Nueva York colonial (1746-c. 1757)
Authors: Peña Beatriz Carolina
Published: January 2020

A partir de la documentación, escasa y semidestruida, del caso del joven cubano Hilario Antonio Rodríguez, resguardada en el Archivo Estatal de Nueva York, el artículo saca a la luz la presencia de los llamados Spanish negroes en la Nueva York colonial, en particular, a mediados del siglo XVIII. Se demuestra que las empresas corsarias de Gran Bretaña y España y las guerras entre las dos naciones explican las circunstancias violentas de la llegada de Rodríguez y de otros negros, mulatos e indígenas del Caribe hispánico a la ciudad de habla inglesa. Se expone la esclavitud ilegal del adolescente, los oficios que desempeñó en este estado, los amos que tuvo, los lugares donde vivió y los intentos legales de recuperar la libertad para regresar a La Habana.
Circulación de efectos de Castilla entre Maracaibo y la provincia de Pamplona (1785-1819)
Authors: Bedolla Acevedo Jason Andrés
Published: January 2020

El objetivo de este artículo es comprender la circulación de efectos importados, a través del puerto de Maracaibo, hacia la provincia de Pamplona entre 1785 y 1819. Se observa cómo este tráfico aumentó a principios del siglo XIX y se vio perjudicado posteriormente por el proceso de independencia de la Nueva Granada. Para la elaboración del trabajo se usaron los libros de cuentas de alcabala de Pamplona, al igual que las guías de comercio elaboradas por los funcionarios del puerto venezolano, todo ubicado en el Archivo General de la Nación, sección Archivo Anexo II y III.
Estándares internacionales de contabilidad a la luz de los requerimientos de su aplicación en la gestión ambiental
Authors: Villasmil Molero Milagros del Carmen
Published: January 2020

Introducción: Actualmente la contabilidad financiera en las organizaciones empresariales se ha visto influenciada por la presencia de la gestión ambiental, en virtud de ello, las compañías centran su atención en realizar registros contables que permitan la medición y valoración de operaciones concernientes al ecosistema, obteniendo una contabilidad apegada a las normas y reglamentos establecidos para tal fin. Objetivo: Analizar los estándares internacionales de contabilidad a la luz de los requerimientos de su aplicación en la gestión ambiental. Materiales y métodos: El recurso metodológico utilizado es el positivista cuantitativo de campo, aplicando un cuestionario autoadministrado estructurado, formalizado y estandarizado con escala tipo Likert a siete contadores públicos y siete gerentes de gestión ambiental que se desempeñan en empresas extractivas de minerales no metálicos; con permisología del Ministerio del Poder Popular para el Ambiente en la región andina del estado Trujillo de Venezuela. Resultados: Se identificó que las empresas analizadas se rigen por lo establecido por la FCCPV, en lo referente a los principios generales de contabilidad, además se detectó que estas organizaciones no contemplan las normas internacionales, igualmente, se puede inferir que la mayoría de estas empresas se apegan a lo señalado en la LOA. Conclusión: A pesar de que existen regulaciones del Estado venezolano y para la profesión de la contaduría en materia ambiental, se evidencian ciertas debilidades en sus estados financieros en el tratamiento de los hechos de impacto ambiental ocasionados por la actividad económica, lo cual limita su responsabilidad para con el medio ambiente.
Gobierno corporativo
Authors: Severino González Pedro , Acuña Moraga Omar
Published: January 2020

Introducción. Debido a los conflictos de interés, problemas de agencia, prácticas deshonestas y falta a la responsabilidad social, en todo el mundo se han diseñado normas, estándares y reglamentos que pretenden resguardar los intereses de cada stakeholders, como consecuencia de una situación crítica que afecta la relación entre el principal y el agente. Objetivo. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar las prácticas de gobierno corporativo de empresas chilenas que forman parte del IPSA4. Materiales y métodos. Se tomaron como referencia las declaraciones de las empresas sobre el nivel de cumplimiento de las NCG 341 y NCG 385. Ambas promulgadas por el SVS5, para lo cual se ha desarrollado un ranking de cumplimiento por rubro, empresa y práctica, dando paso a la determinación del efecto que provocó dicho cambio de marco regulatorio en el nivel de cumplimiento de las mismas. Resultados Entre algunos de los resultados, se puede mencionar el cambio significativo en la posición de AntarChile S. A. y SalfaCorp S. A. Conclusión. El bajo desempeño generalizado es debido a la rigurosidad de la nueva norma, provocando una disminución de 72% a 39% de cumplimiento
Herramientas de manufactura esbelta que inciden en la productividad de una organización
Authors: Favela Herrera Marie Karen Issamar , Escobedo Portillo María Teresa , Romero López Roberto , Hernández Gómez Jesús Andrés
Published: January 2020

Introducción. Actualmente las empresas industriales enfrentan el desafío de identificar e implantar nuevas técnicas organizacionales y de producción que les permitan competir en un mercado global. Así, el modelo de fabricación esbelta se ha convertido en una alternativa para elevar la productividad y desarrollar competencias de manufactura que incidan en su competitividad. Sin embargo, se desconoce el efecto que aporta cada una de las herramientas de manufactura esbelta al logro de la productividad. Objetivo. Proponer un modelo conceptual que identifique el peso relativo que aporta la implantación de cada una de las herramientas de manufactura esbelta a la productividad. Materiales y métodos. El modelo conceptual parte de una revisión de literatura, donde para ello, se sigue una secuencia ordenada y metodológica para garantizar que el desarrollo de este artículo tenga relevancia en la ciencia y su aplicación. Resultados. En esta investigación las herramientas de manufactura esbelta que más indicen en la productividad de las empresas son: 5S, mantenimiento productivo total, el justo a tiempo (JIT), Kaizen, Kanban, cambio rápido de modelo (SMED) y el mapeo del flujo de valor (VSM) con un peso de 15, 14, 13, 12, 9, 9 y 7 % respectivamente. Además, los indicadores que mejor miden la productividad son los relacionados con la eficiencia, la efectividad y los factores internos. Conclusiones. La principal contribución de este artículo es la propuesta de un modelo conceptual sustentado en evidencia teórica que identifica las herramientas de manufactura esbelta más utilizadas para incidir en la productividad de una organización
Material and design analysis of external baffles in inventory buildings with consideration of optimization of usable energy
Authors: Wisniewski K. , Witkowska-Dobrev J.
Published: January 2020

The main objective of the performed investigations was an analysis of baffles of various construction and production technology with respect of usable energy demand. The investigations encompassed calculations of the energetic performance of fatteners’ piggery building as well as heat and humidity calculations of baffles. The energetic calculations were performed for two variants of execution and heat insulation of external baffles as well as two variants of roofs. The analysis contained the baffles made in two technologies: industrialized and traditional modernized, for three climate zones. For the individual variants, the usable energy demand in heating season as well as specific usable energy demand per one fattener were calculated.
Mathematical modelling of heat transfer in a greenhouse with surface soil heating system
Authors: Hud V. , Pinchuk O. , Martyniuk P. , Gerasimov I. , Volk P.
Published: January 2020

The use of low-temperature heat of industrial and natural origin for heating the soil in greenhouses allows practitioners to get very early vegetable and berry crops. The paper suggests a mathematical model of greenhouse heat exchange with a system of soil surface heating for substantiating the system structure and its efficiency in different conditions. The solution of the mathematical model was performed using the method of least squares in COMSOL Multiphysics software. The comparison of the results of experimental studies with the results of mathematical modelling revealed that the proposed mathematical model with a high degree of reliability allows predicting the thermal regime in greenhouses with surface soil heating using cover sleeves.
Dynamic properties of scre--bolts connections of sowing machine
Authors: Snitynskyy V. , Kernytskyy I. , Diveyev B. , Horbay O. , Burtak V. , Humenyuk R.
Published: January 2020

A vehicle is a complicated system under the influence of vibration caused by an inequality of the road surface, variable speed, unbalance of the rotating elements. The main factors influencing the relaxation of threaded connections (TC) are the amplitude, frequency and gradient of vibration. Although the frequencies of these oscillations are distributed over a wide range, the general effects of dynamic loading on bolted connections are similar. Main effects: (1) loosening the nut/bolt and (2) failure due to fatigue failure. The analysis of the technological process of agricultural machinery shows that the main external factors influencing their work are the profile of the surface of the field, the hardness and moisture of the soil, the speed of the unit, the instability of the engine, the traction of the wheels of the tractor and others. To study the integrity of TC, which is tested on the stand, consider the design scheme of nonlinear oscillations of the design in the presence of gaps in the TC. The study was conducted in two modes of movement of the drill: with tightened bolts and weakened bolts. For the survey, the method of spectral analysis of multidimensional periodically non-stationary random signals was used. In the process of testing, the dynamic loading of bolted joints installed on the respective knots and components of the drill was evaluated. From the conducted research it follows that the maximum vibrations acting on the TC of the drill may be in the vicinity of high-frequency resonances of TC. In parallel, nonlinear mathematical models of the oscillations of the seeder and the weakened TC were developed. The theoretical results qualitatively correspond to the experimental data.
Potential of using greenery to reduce overheating of buildings in Polish climate conditions
Authors: Skorzewski W.
Published: January 2020

The issue of overheating the buildings gives great opportunities for the use of greenery, that can affect the amount of passive solar gains through the glazed parts of façades. Restricting the access of the sunlight to the façades helps to reduce the energy usage for the cooling purposes, but, on the other hand, may cause reduction of solar gains in winter. The aim of the research is to determine the potential of using greenery to reduce energy demand of buildings by achieving the optimal balance between solar energy gains and losses in polish climate conditions.
Another reading of classical concepts: Reactualization of the Simmel’s stranger and the enemy on the case of contemporary migration from the middle east
Authors: Jovanovic-Ajzenhamer Natasa
Published: January 2020

Although formalism is mostly often considered to be an outdated theoretical
orientation in sociology, Simmel?s short essay on stranger has made a very
large influence on authors throughout the twentieth century. In contemporary
sociology, Simmel?s name is often mentioned in studies of migration from the
Middle East because they have re-actualized the question of a strangeness
and interpretative models of constructing otherness between the native
population and newcomers. The aim of this paper is to show how a classical
sociological concepts can serve as a valid starting point for the study of
the contemporary social phenomenon. Emphasis is placed on the distinction
between stranger and enemy in Simmel?s essay on the stranger which is
under-explored. This distinction will be especially important when we
analyse the attitude of the West towards Muslim migrants whose arrival in
Europe is accompanied by discourses of risk and the alleged inevitability of
conflict between civilizations.
Successful society and applied sociology
Authors: Bolcic Silvano
Published: January 2020

Contemporary Serbian society, as well as other post-Yugoslav societies
(excluding Slovenia) could not be classified as successful societies. For
three decades, incapacity to achieve the level of the GDP per capita
comparable to their situation in the 1989. is the persisting feature of
these societies. These societies are characterized by a considerable and
persisting emigration of their population, especially, of the emigration of
their most valuable segments of their labor force. These are societies in
which dominate unsuccessful political, economic and cultural elites,
incapable of providing appropriate public policies which would lead these
societies closer to the modern successful societies. Essential features of
successful societies are being discussed. Outstanding identification of the
great majority of citizens with the institutionally established society is
considered as the essential feature of a successful society. Several other
important features of societal successfulness are also considered. There are
given some empirical findings supporting the presented assessments of the
societal successfulness of the post-Yugoslav societies. Social circumstances
contributing to the formation and persistence of successful public policies
are being considered, with some reference to the situation in nowadays
Serbia. Particular relevance for the societal successfulness is being
attributed to the system of ownership relations, and to the system of social
promotion. Also, it is claimed that existing problems with the persisting
inefficiencies of public policies in the post-Yugoslav societies stem from
the formation of these societies as ?ethno-nationalized? societies.
Ignorance on the side of creators of policy measures of relevant scientific
findings provided by social sciences, and sociology in particular, seem to
be one of the contributing factors of the unsuccessful developments of the
former Yugoslav, as well as of the existing post-Yugoslav societies. Some
cases of the neglect of sociological proposals to the creators of the public
policy have been described and assessed. Observations on the trends in
applied sociology in the Yugoslav and post-Yugoslav societies have been
mentioned. The need for the improved role of the applied sociology is being
suggested.
Protection Against Insulin Resistance by Apolipoprotein M/Sphingosine-1-Phosphate
Authors: Kurano Makoto , Tsukamoto Kazuhisa , Shimizu Tomo , Kassai Hidetoshi , Nakao Kazuki , Aiba Atsu , Hara Masumi , Yatomi Yutaka
Published: January 2020

Subjects with low serum HDL cholesterol levels are reported to be susceptible to diabetes, with insulin resistance believed to be the underlying pathological mechanism. Apolipoprotein M (apoM) is a carrier of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a multifunctional lipid mediator, on HDL, and the pleiotropic effects of HDL are believed to be mediated by S1P. In the current study, we attempted to investigate the potential association between apoM/S1P and insulin resistance. We observed that the serum levels of apoM were lower in patients with type 2 diabetes and that they were negatively correlated with BMI and the insulin resistance index. While deletion of apoM in mice was associated with worsening of insulin resistance, overexpression of apoM was associated with improvement of insulin resistance. Presumably, apoM/S1P exerts its protective effect against insulin resistance by activating insulin signaling pathways, such as the AKT and AMPK pathways, and also by improving the mitochondrial functions through upregulation of SIRT1 protein levels. These actions of apoM/S1P appear to be mediated via activation of S1P1 and/or S1P3. These results suggest that apoM/S1P exerts protective roles against the development of insulin resistance.
Genetic Susceptibility Determines β-Cell Function and Fasting Glycemia Trajectories Throughout Childhood: A 12-Year Cohort Study (EarlyBird 76)
Authors: Carayol Jerome , Hosking Joanne , Pinkney Jonathan , Marquis Julien , Charpagne Aline , Metairon Sylviane , Jeffery Alison , Hager Jörg , Martin Francois-Pierre
Published: January 2020

OBJECTIVE

Previous studies suggested that childhood prediabetes may develop prior to obesity and be associated with relative insulin deficiency. We proposed that the insulin-deficient phenotype is genetically determined and tested this hypothesis by longitudinal modeling of insulin and glucose traits with diabetes risk genotypes in the EarlyBird cohort.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

EarlyBird is a nonintervention prospective cohort study that recruited 307 healthy U.K. children at 5 years of age and followed them throughout childhood. We genotyped 121 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously associated with diabetes risk, identified in the adult population. Association of SNPs with fasting insulin and glucose and HOMA indices of insulin resistance and β-cell function, available from 5 to 16 years of age, were tested. Association analysis with hormones was performed on selected SNPs.

RESULTS

Several candidate loci influenced the course of glycemic and insulin traits, including rs780094 (GCKR), rs4457053 (ZBED3), rs11257655 (CDC123), rs12779790 (CDC123 and CAMK1D), rs1111875 (HHEX), rs7178572 (HMG20A), rs9787485 (NRG3), and rs1535500 (KCNK16). Some of these SNPs interacted with age, the growth hormone–IGF-1 axis, and adrenal and sex steroid activity.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings that genetic markers influence both elevated and average courses of glycemic traits and β-cell function in children during puberty independently of BMI are a significant step toward early identification of children at risk for diabetes. These findings build on our previous observations that pancreatic β-cell defects predate insulin resistance in the onset of prediabetes. Understanding the mechanisms of interactions among genetic factors, puberty, and weight gain would allow the development of new and earlier disease-management strategies in children.
Comparación del perfil emprendedor en estudiantes del área empresarial e industrial México-Perú
Authors: Amador Martínez María de Lourdes , García Hernández Yessica , Díaz Quintanilla Jeanette Fabiola
Published: January 2020

Existen diversas estrategias diseñadas con la intención de fomentar el desarrollo y crecimiento económico en los países; una de ellas es el emprendimiento, principalmente entre los jóvenes. Por lo tanto, resulta fundamental el papel que desarrollan las instituciones de educación superior, especialmente las relacionadas de forma directa con el área empresarial e industrial. En la presente investigación se aborda dicho tema desde la teoría sistémica del emprendimiento, para lo cual se han considerado dos factores muy ligados entre sí: la cultura y la educación. El objetivo fue evaluar el perfil emprendedor de los estudiantes de educación superior del área empresarial e industrial de dos universidades (una mexicana y otra peruana) mediante el instrumento GUESSS (Global University Entrepreneurial Spirit Student’s Survey). Como hipótesis se planteó que existe diferencia significativa entre el perfil emprendedor de los estudiantes de los dos países. Para ello, se desarrolló una investigación cuantitativa con alcance descriptivo. La recolección de datos se llevó a cabo mediante formularios de Google, los cuales se enviaron por correo electrónico a los alumnos seleccionados (276 mexicanos y 323 peruanos). Las respuestas conseguidas se pasaron a Excel y posteriormente a SPSS (versión 24) para realizar su análisis descriptivo. Los resultados indican que el perfil emprendedor de los estudiantes en México es de 4.32 y en Perú de 3.87. Esta diferencia resulta significativa entre los grupos mediante la prueba t de Student obteniendo f = 0.000, por lo que se comprueba la hipótesis de que existe diferencia significativa.
Democracy and Growth Nexus in Indonesia
Authors: Iskandar Azwar , Subekan Achmat
Published: January 2020

The objective of this study is to analyze the causality between democracy and economic growth in Indonesia for the period of 1995 to 2017. More specifically, this paper  also attends to investigate the existence of a long-run relationship between them. This study perform a multivariate cointegration test with political stability as a control variable and cross-check this long-run relationship with an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model approach to cointegration. This study also use the Granger causality test within a vector error correction model (VECM) framework and estimate three different models using a non-linear specification: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) estimation, Fully Modified OLS (FM-OLS) and Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS). The results show cointegration among the variables specified in the model when political stability is taken into account. Indeed, for economic growth and democracy to move together in the long run, they need to be associated with political stability. The tests for Granger causality conducted show a long-run causality running from GDP and political stability to democracy. In other word, the economic growth and political stability Granger cause democracy. It is the economic performance that influences democracy and not the reverse. In short-run, there is neutrality causation between democracy and growth, democracy and political stability, growth and political stability. These results suggest that economic growth through strong institutions is a precondition for democratization.
Сlimate Change in the Arctic: Adaptation to New Challenges
Authors: Nikitina E. N.
Published: January 2020

Global climate change in the Arctic has been unfolding more rapidly than in other parts of the world, and its impacts affect vulnerable northern ecosystems, health and well-being of the Northerners, economic sectors and infrastructure in the polar regions of the eight Arctic states. Consequences of climate change for human society are analysed in synergy with ongoing transformations in social, economic and institutional systems in the Arctic region. Their cumulative effect exposes a variety of challenges for sustainable development of the northern communities, regions and countries; it reveals a number of uncertainties in the future pathways within the transformative context, as well as a combination of risks and opportunities for societies; it requires human responses and adaptations to consequences of the Arctic change. Adaptation to climate change in combination with greenhouse gases emission reduction turns into an important component of climate policies and measures of the Arctic states. This article presents innovative results of analysis of the major trends and features in formation of adaptive governance in the Arctic. It emerges to be based on a polycentric design, and particularly, on coordination of response actions at various levels, on interactions and networks of a variety of the Arctic stakeholders, on taking into account local environmental and socio-economic contexts, on combination of multidisciplinary approaches and packaging of governance mechanisms and instruments. The study analyses the major developments and innovations in adaptation approaches, policies, and practices of the Arctic regions in N. America (Canada) and Europe (Norway). Its foci is on assessment of priorities, strategies and planning, institutions, economic instruments, climate services, application of structural measures for disaster risk reduction. It explores possibilities of regional exchange of best practices in the Arctic, and core barriers for success in implementation of adaptation policy options. The role of the Paris agreement in formation and structuring of adaptation policies and measure of the northern regions of the Arctic states is analysed.