bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social-ecological influences on unhealthy dietary behaviours among Moroccan adolescents: a mixed-methods study
Authors: El-Ammari Abdelghaffar , El Kazdouh Hicham , Bouftini Siham , El Fakir Samira , El Achhab Youness
Published: January 2020

Objective:

To identify the prevalence of unhealthy dietary behaviours and their social-ecological influences in adolescents.

Design:

The study used a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design, which begins with the collection of quantitative data, followed by the collection of qualitative data to explain and enrich the quantitative findings. Quantitative data were collected via a global school-based student health survey and were analysed using quantitative approaches. Qualitative data were obtained via focus group discussions and were analysed thematically.

Setting:

Middle and high secondary schools in Taza city, Morocco.

Participants:

Our quantitative analyses included 764 students (14–19 years). For the qualitative part, seventeen focus group discussions were conducted with 100 participants (fifty-six adolescents, twenty-six parents and eighteen teachers).

Results:

Of total student participants, 46·1 % skipped breakfast, 60·6 % had inadequate intake of fruits and vegetables (F&V), 39·4 % consumed soft drinks and 28·0 % consumed fast foods. All of these dietary behaviours could coexist in the same person except for inadequate intake of F&V. Gender, academic performance, age, perceived family income and education level of mother were associated with unhealthy dietary behaviours. Qualitative findings identified seven themes regarding social-ecological influences on adolescents’ dietary behaviours: cognitive, affective/biological, lifestyle, outcome expectation, social network, accessibility/availability and macro-level influences.

Conclusions:

The prevalence of unhealthy dietary behaviours in our study group is a concern. Dietary behaviours are the result of inseparable interactions among social-ecological influences. Modifiable factors identified may be useful when designing a future intervention aimed at improving breakfast and F&V consumption and reducing fast/snack-food consumption among adolescents.
ISC‐EHB 1964–2016, an Improved Data Set for Studies of Earth Structure and Global Seismicity
Authors: Engdahl E. R. , Di Giacomo D. , Sakarya B. , Gkarlaouni C. G. , Harris J. , Storchak D. A.
Published: January 2020

A data set of earthquake hypocenters and associated traveltime residuals for seismic phases recorded by seismograph stations globally is an essential starting point for most studies of global seismicity and Earth structure. Such data sets have been produced in various forms by national and international agencies since the beginning of instrumental seismology at the turn of the twentieth century. We have reprocessed the comprehensive data used to produce the routinely distributed bulletins of the International Seismological Centre (ISC) since 1964 to construct a new refined data set of hypocenters with improved focal depths and phase residuals. This data set, called ISC‐EHB, is used to reveal features of the seismotectonic zones in downgoing slabs in greater detail than previously routinely available.
The Farley‐Buneman Spectrum in 2‐D and 3‐D Particle‐in‐Cell Simulations
Authors: Young Matthew A. , Oppenheim Meers M. , Dimant Yakov S.
Published: January 2020

Since the 1960s, the Farley‐Buneman instability has played an important role in probing the E‐region ionosphere. The intervening years have seen significant progress in the linear theory of this instability, its relation to other instabilities, and some of its observational signatures. However, the saturation mechanism and nonlinear behavior remain open topics because of their role in controlling energy flow in the E‐region plasma. This paper explores the saturated state of the Farley‐Buneman instability in 2‐D and 3‐D kinetic simulations of the high‐latitude ionosphere, at three different simulated altitudes: 107, 110, and 113 km. These simulations show irregularity amplitude growth and saturation in all runs, but irregularity growth takes much longer in 2‐D than in 3‐D. Once the simulations reach saturation, wave power in the meter‐scale regime falls off as a power law below the wavelength of peak growth, but the power law index is larger in 3‐D than in 2‐D. At longer wavelengths, the 3‐D spectrum is much flatter than the 2‐D spectrum. This implies that purely 2‐D simulations of the Farley‐Buneman instability may overestimate irregularity amplitudes at decameter scales and may also underestimate the efficiency of ion Landau damping at the ion mean‐free‐path scale. From a physical perspective, the relatively flat spectra above the wavelength of peak growth in 3‐D simulations imply a wavelength‐independent saturation mechanism across a range of altitudes. Finally, both 2‐D and 3‐D simulations demonstrate the importance of accounting for zeroth‐order ion drift when estimating the flow angle of density irregularities.
Full Field and Mean Field Modeling of Grain Growth in a Multiphase Material Under Dry Conditions: Application to Peridotites
Authors: Furstoss Jean , Bernacki Marc , Petit Carole , Fausty Julien , Pino Muñoz Daniel , Ganino Clément
Published: January 2020

We present a full field framework based on the level‐set approach, which enables to simulate grain growth in a multiphase material. Our formalism permits to take into account different types of second phases, which can be static or dynamic (i.e., evolving also by grain growth) and reproduce both transient (evolving relative grain sizes) and steady‐state structures. We use previously published annealing experiments of porous olivine or olivine and enstatite mixtures to constrain the parameters of the full field model, and then analyze the results of a peridotite‐like annealing simulation. The experimental grain growth kinetics is very well reproduced while the simulated microstructure morphologies show some differences with experimental ones. We then propose a mean field model calibrated thanks to the full field simulations, which allow us to predict the mean grain size evolution depending on the simplified peridotite composition (e.g., second phase mean grain sizes, fractions).
Applying ADCPs for Long‐Term Monitoring of SSC in Rivers
Authors: Aleixo Rui , Guerrero Massimo , Nones Michael , Ruther Nils
Published: January 2020

The flow rate and the suspended sediment concentration (SSC) of two different rivers draining into the Adriatic Sea basin, the Secchia in Italy and the Devoll in Albania, were analyzed by processing the data collected in a 245‐day period at monitoring stations equipped with side‐looking acoustic Doppler current profilers (H‐ADCPs). SSC was determined as a by‐product of the echo profiles along the horizontal aligned acoustic beams emitted by H‐ADCPs. For the first time, the effect of organic matter other than a change of inorganic particles size distribution was evaluated as a possible reason for backscatter and attenuation variations during hydrological events. This reduced average deviations between acoustically inferred and sampled concentrations from 1 order of magnitude to 20% of actual values. The improvement required the measuring of attenuation to backscatter ratio (ABR) in addition to sound attenuation. The validation interval covered 3 orders of magnitude from
to
 g L
. In this paper the potential of the ABR method using H‐ADCP to continuously monitor suspended sediment fluxes is tested in two different rivers, enabling single peak flood analysis and reliable assessment of sediment budget across a river cross section. The advantages and disadvantages of this method are presented and discussed.
Focal adhesion protein Kindlin-2 regulates bone homeostasis in mice
Authors: Cao Huiling , Yan Qinnan , Wang Dong , Lai Yumei , Zhou Bo , Zhang Qi , Jin Wenfei , Lin Simin , Lei Yiming , Ma Liting , Guo Yuxi , Wang Yishu , Wang Yilin , Bai Xiaochun , Liu Chuanju , Feng Jian Q. , Wu Chuanyue , Chen Di , Cao Xu , Xiao Guozhi
Published: January 2020

Our recent studies demonstrate that the focal adhesion protein Kindlin-2 is critical for chondrogenesis and early skeletal development. Here, we show that deleting Kindlin-2 from osteoblasts using the 2.3-kb mouse Col1a1-Cre transgene minimally impacts bone mass in mice, but deleting Kindlin-2 using the 10-kb mouse Dmp1-Cre transgene, which targets osteocytes and mature osteoblasts, results in striking osteopenia in mice. Kindlin-2 loss reduces the osteoblastic population but increases the osteoclastic and adipocytic populations in the bone microenvironment. Kindlin-2 loss upregulates sclerostin in osteocytes, downregulates β-catenin in osteoblasts, and inhibits osteoblast formation and differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Upregulation of β-catenin in the mutant cells reverses the osteopenia induced by Kindlin-2 deficiency. Kindlin-2 loss additionally increases the expression of RANKL in osteocytes and increases osteoclast formation and bone resorption. Kindlin-2 deletion in osteocytes promotes osteoclast formation in osteocyte/bone marrow monocyte cocultures, which is significantly blocked by an anti-RANKL-neutralizing antibody. Finally, Kindlin-2 loss increases osteocyte apoptosis and impairs osteocyte spreading and dendrite formation. Thus, we demonstrate an important role of Kindlin-2 in the regulation of bone homeostasis and provide a potential target for the treatment of metabolic bone diseases.
CD147 deficiency in T cells prevents thymic involution by inhibiting the EMT process in TECs in the presence of TGFβ
Authors: Chen Ruo , Wang Ke , Feng Zhuan , Zhang Ming-Yang , Wu Jiao , Geng Jie-Jie , Chen Zhi-Nan
Published: January 2020

Thymic involution during aging is a major cause of decreased T-cell production and reduced immunity. Here, we show that the loss of CD147 on T cells prevents thymic senescence, resulting in slowed shrinkage of the thymus with age and increased production of naive T cells. This phenotype is the result of slowing of the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in thymic epithelial cells (TECs), which eventually leads to reduced adipocyte accumulation. In an in vitro coculture system, we found that TGFβ is an important factor in the EMT process in TECs and that it can reduce the expression of E-cadherin through p-Smad2/FoxC2 signaling. Moreover, CD147 on T cells can accelerate the decline in E-cadherin expression by interacting with Annexin A2 on TECs. In the presence of TGFβ, Annexin A2 and E-cadherin colocalize on TECs. However, CD147 on T cells competitively binds to Annexin A2 on TECs, leading to the isolation of E-cadherin. Then, the isolated E-cadherin is easily phosphorylated by phosphorylated Src kinase, the phosphorylation of which was induced by TGFβ, and finally, p-E-cadherin is degraded. Thus, in the thymus, the interaction between T cells and TECs contributes to thymic involution with age. In this study, we illuminate the mechanism underlying the triggering of the EMT process in TECs and show that inhibiting TGFβ and/or CD147 may serve as a strategy to hinder age-related thymic involution.
Epigenetics meets proteomics in an epigenome-wide association study with circulating blood plasma protein traits
Authors: Zaghlool Shaza B. , Kühnel Brigitte , Elhadad Mohamed A. , Kader Sara , Halama Anna , Thareja Gaurav , Engelke Rudolf , Sarwath Hina , Al-Dous Eman K. , Mohamoud Yasmin A. , Meitinger Thomas , Wilson Rory , Strauch Konstantin , Peters Annette , Mook-Kanamori Dennis O. , Graumann Johannes , Malek Joel A. , Gieger Christian , Waldenberger Melanie , Suhre Karsten
Published: January 2020

DNA methylation and blood circulating proteins have been associated with many complex disorders, but the underlying disease-causing mechanisms often remain unclear. Here, we report an epigenome-wide association study of 1123 proteins from 944 participants of the KORA population study and replication in a multi-ethnic cohort of 344 individuals. We identify 98 CpG-protein associations (pQTMs) at a stringent Bonferroni level of significance. Overlapping associations with transcriptomics, metabolomics, and clinical endpoints suggest implication of processes related to chronic low-grade inflammation, including a network involving methylation of NLRC5, a regulator of the inflammasome, and associated pQTMs implicating key proteins of the immune system, such as CD48, CD163, CXCL10, CXCL11, LAG3, FCGR3B, and B2M. Our study links DNA methylation to disease endpoints via intermediate proteomics phenotypes and identifies correlative networks that may eventually be targeted in a personalized approach of chronic low-grade inflammation.
Symmetry-protected hierarchy of anomalous multipole topological band gaps in nonsymmorphic metacrystals
Authors: Zhang Xiujuan , Lin Zhi-Kang , Wang Hai-Xiao , Xiong Zhan , Tian Yuan , Lu Ming-Hui , Chen Yan-Feng , Jiang Jian-Hua
Published: January 2020

Symmetry and topology are two fundamental aspects of many quantum states of matter. Recently new topological materials, higher-order topological insulators, were discovered, featuring bulk–edge–corner correspondence that goes beyond the conventional topological paradigms. Here we discover experimentally that the nonsymmorphic p4g acoustic metacrystals host a symmetry-protected hierarchy of topological multipoles: the lowest band gap has a quantized Wannier dipole and can mimic the quantum spin Hall effect, whereas the second band gap exhibits quadrupole topology with anomalous Wannier bands. Such a topological hierarchy allows us to observe experimentally distinct, multiplexed topological phenomena and to reveal a topological transition triggered by the geometry transition from the p4g group to the C4v group, which demonstrates elegantly the fundamental interplay between symmetry and topology. Our study demonstrates that classical systems with controllable geometry can serve as powerful simulators for the discovery of novel topological states of matter and their phase transitions.
Metal ions weaken the hydrophobicity and antibiotic resistance of Bacillus subtilis NCIB 3610 biofilms
Authors: Falcón García Carolina , Kretschmer Martin , Lozano-Andrade Carlos N. , Schönleitner Markus , Dragoŝ Anna , Kovács Ákos T. , Lieleg Oliver
Published: January 2020

Surface superhydrophobicity makes bacterial biofilms very difficult to fight, and it is a combination of their matrix composition and complex surface roughness which synergistically protects these biomaterials from wetting. Although trying to eradicate biofilms with aqueous (antibiotic) solutions is common practice, this can be a futile approach if the biofilms have superhydrophobic properties. To date, there are not many options available to reduce the liquid repellency of biofilms or to prevent this material property from developing. Here, we present a solution to this challenge. We demonstrate how the addition of metal ions such as copper and zinc during or after biofilm formation can render the surface of otherwise superhydrophobic B. subtilis NCIB 3610 biofilms completely wettable. As a result of this procedure, these smoother, hydrophilic biofilms are more susceptible to aqueous antibiotics solutions. Our strategy proposes a scalable and widely applicable step in a multi-faceted approach to eradicate biofilms.
Identification of a prolonged action molecular GLP-1R agonist for the treatment of femoral defects
Authors: Wang Ning , Liu Xuanchen , Shi Lei , Liu Yanwu , Guo Shuo , Liu Wenwen , Li Xiaokang , Meng Jingru , Ma Xue , Guo Zheng
Published: January 2020

Poly-GLP-1 promotes angiogenesis to accelerate bone formationviaBMSC differentiation and M2 polarization.
Mechanistic insights into Cu-catalyzed enantioselective Friedel–Crafts reaction between indoles and 2-aryl-N-sulfonylaziridines
Authors: Wang Ping , Zhao Yang , Chapagain Biplav , Yang Yonggang , Liu Wei , Wang Yong
Published: January 2020

Computational studies were successfully carried out to provide mechanistic insights into LCu-catalyzed (L = (S)-Segphos ligand) Friedel–Crafts (F–C) reaction between indoles and 2-aryl-N-sulfonylaziridines.
Highly dispersed Co nanoparticles decorated on a N-doped defective carbon nano-framework for a hybrid Na–air battery
Authors: Zhu Jingyi , Qu Tao , Su Fengmei , Wu Yuqi , Kang Yao , Chen Kunfeng , Yao Yaochun , Ma Wenhui , Yang Bing , Dai Yongnian , Liang Feng , Xue Dongfeng
Published: January 2020

Efficient and low-cost bifunctional electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are of vital importance in energy conversion.
Investigating the effect of lanthanide radius and diamagnetic linkers on the framework of metallacrown complexes
Authors: Yang Hua , Meng Yan-Xia , Tian Hai-Quan , Li Da-Cheng , Zeng Su-Yuan , Song You , Dou Jian-Min
Published: January 2020

Two families of metallacrown complexes have been obtained by one-pot procedure. The different radii of Ln ions and the binding fashions of diamagnetic linkers result in diversified structural frameworks.
Syntheses and electronic, electrochemical, and theoretical studies of a series of μ-oxo-triruthenium carboxylates bearing orthometalated phenazines
Authors: da Silva Camila F. N. , Al-Afyouni Malik , Xue Congcong , Ferreira Frederico Henrique do C. , Costa Luiz Antônio S. , Turro Claudia , Nikolaou Sofia
Published: January 2020

Phenazines orthometalation in [Ru3(μ3-O)(μ-OAc)5{μ-η1(C),η2(N,N)-L}(py)2]PF6 clusters provides new DNA metalo-intercalators. fsTA for such compounds is presented for the first time.
Li2CdSiS4, a promising IR NLO material with a balancedEgand SHG response originating from the effect of Cd with d10configuration
Authors: Li Guang-mao , Chu Yu , Li Jun , Zhou Zhong-xiang
Published: January 2020

A new promising infrared nonlinear optical crystal Li2CdSiS4with millimeter size was obtained and systematically characterized.
Facile synthesis of novel lithium β-diketonate glyme adducts: the effect of molecular engineering on the thermal properties
Authors: Peddagopu Nishant , Rossi Patrizia , Bonaccorso Carmela , Bartasyte Ausrine , Paoli Paola , Malandrino Graziella
Published: January 2020

Coordination of monoglyme and diglyme to Li ion, in addition to the anionic hexafluoro-acetylacetone, gives rise, respectively, to a polymeric network and dimeric units with challenging mass transport properties.
Trehalose and alginate oligosaccharides increase the stability of muscle proteins in frozen shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)
Authors: Zhang Bin , Yao Hui , Qi He , Zhang Xiao-li
Published: January 2020

The stability of muscle proteins improved during frozen storage.
A negative electrocaloric effect in an antiferroelectric zirconium dioxide thin film
Authors: Allouche Billal , Hwang Hyeon Jun , Yoo Tae Jin , Lee Byoung Hun
Published: January 2020

A large negative electrocaloric effect is demonstrated in an antiferroelectric ZrO2 thin film with 8 nm thickness deposited by atomic layer deposition.
Thiophene-linked tetramethylbodipy-labeled nucleotide for viscosity-sensitive oligonucleotide probes of hybridization and protein–DNA interactions
Authors: Güixens-Gallardo Pedro , Humpolickova Jana , Miclea Sebastian Paul , Pohl Radek , Kraus Tomáš , Jurkiewicz Piotr , Hof Martin , Hocek Michal
Published: January 2020

New thiophene-bodipy-labeled nucleotide was synthesized and used in polymerase synthesis of DNA probes sensitive to hybridization or protein–DNA interactions in vitro.
Curcumin–polymer conjugates with dynamic boronic acid ester linkages for selective killing of cancer cells
Authors: Pan Ruihao , Zeng Yuan , Liu Guoqiang , Wei Yen , Xu Yanshuang , Tao Lei
Published: January 2020

A phenylboronic acid (PBA)-containing copolymer was synthesized via the Hantzsch reaction and radical polymerization. Curcumin was dynamically included in this PBA-containing polymer to selectively kill cancer cells.
A novel germanate based red-emitting phosphor with high efficiency, high color purity and thermal stability for white light-emitting diodes and field emission displays
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Wang Xicheng , Wang Yuhua
Published: January 2020

A series of Eu3+-activated K2SrGe8O18 phosphors for white light emitting diodes and field emission displays were developed and explored.
Nanofabrication of Au nanoparticles over conductive metallohydrogel nanofibers for nanocatalysis application
Authors: Dixit Manish Kumar , Chery Déborah , Mahendar Chinthakuntla , Bucher Christophe , Dubey Mrigendra
Published: January 2020

A conductive and fluorescent metallohydrogel (1% w/v, CPH) has been synthesized and utilized for nanofabrication of AuNps and nanocatalysis applications.
Synthesis and Li-ion electrode properties of layered MAB phases Nin+1ZnBn (n = 1, 2)
Authors: Rezaie Amir A. , Yan Zheng , Scheifers Jan P. , Zhang Jian , Guo Juchen , Fokwa Boniface P. T.
Published: January 2020

Acid-treated Nin+1ZnBn (n = 1, 2) MAB phases become highly active Li-ion battery anodes.
A protective role of renalase in diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Yin Jianyong , Liu Xuanchen , Zhao Ting , Liang Rulian , Wu Rui , Zhang Fangfei , Kong Yiwei , Liu Limei , Xing Tao , Wang Niansong , Zhao Qing , Wang Feng
Published: January 2020

Renalase, a recently discovered secreted flavoprotein, exerts anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects against renal injury in acute and chronic animal models. However, whether Renalase elicits similar effects in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN) remains unclear. The studies presented here tested the hypothesis that Renalase may play a key role in the development of DN and may have therapeutic potential for DN. Renalase expression was measured in human kidney biopsies with DN and in kidneys of db/db mice. The role of Renalase in the development of DN was examined using a genetically engineered mouse model: Renalase knockout mice with db/db background. The renoprotective effects of Renalase in DN was evaluated in db/db mice with Renalase overexpression. In addition, the effects of Renalase on high glucose-induced mesangial cells were investigated. Renalase was down-regulated in human diabetic kidneys and in kidneys of db/db mice compared with healthy controls or db/m mice. Renalase homozygous knockout increased arterial blood pressure significantly in db/db mice while heterozygous knockout did not. Renalase heterozygous knockout resulted in elevated albuminuria and increased renal mesangial expansion in db/db mice. Mesangial hypertrophy, renal inflammation, and pathological injury in diabetic Renalase heterozygous knockout mice were significantly exacerbated compared with wild-type littermates. Moreover, Renalase overexpression significantly ameliorated renal injury in db/db mice. Mechanistically, Renalase attenuated high glucose-induced profibrotic gene expression and p21 expression through inhibiting extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK1/2). The present study suggested that Renalase protected against the progression of DN and might be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of DN.
Coupling effect analysis and control for grid‐connected multi‐microgrid clusters
Authors: Akhavan Ali , Mohammadi Hamid Reza , Vasquez Juan C. , Guerrero Josep M.
Published: January 2020

The parallel grid‐connected inverters are coupled due to grid impedance, which introduces multiple resonances and might lead to instability of the whole system. Hence, considering the coupling effect among inverters and achieving a solution for resonance damping is necessary for designing the control system. With increasing the influence of microgrids, the interconnection of microgrids is inevitable. Therefore, new challenges emerge with the interconnection of microgrids. It can be expected that the impedance of connection lines and grid impedance, play the most important role in the coupling of microgrids. Accordingly, the coupling effect among microgrids should be considered in control system design as well as considering the coupling effect among parallel inverters. Otherwise, the interconnection of microgrids might degrade the quality of grid injected current, while the injected current of each microgrid satisfies the standards when it is individually connected. In this study, the coupling effect between the two interconnected microgrids is investigated. Also, the control system design for inverters considering the coupling effect among parallel inverters inside a microgrid and coupling effect of other microgrid is clarified, elaborately. Several simulations and experimental results on a small‐scale laboratory prototype verify the validity of the theoretical analysis and the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
An Unsuccessful Attempt to Confirm the Occurrence of 4′-O-β-
d-Glucosyl-9-O-(6″-deoxysaccharosyl)olivil in Valerian Root
Authors: Sendker Jandirk , Lechtenberg Matthias , Hensel Andreas
Published: January 2020

The lignan 4′-O-β-
d-glucosyl-9-O-(6″-deoxysaccharosyl)olivil had previously been discovered in a methanolic extract of valerian root (Valeriana officinalis agg.) and characterized as a potent partial agonist at the A1 adenosine receptors. Today, countless scientific sources, webpages, and press articles mention this compound and discuss it as an active constituent for the sedative effect of this herbal drug. As no second report confirmed the occurrence of this lignan in valerian root during the 20 years since its first description in 1998, we intended to re-prove its presence by means of LCMS using other genuine or added lignans as a quantitative benchmark. Whilst those lignans were clearly detectable in methanolic valerian extracts of all six investigated batches of valerian root, no positive proof of 4′-O-β-
d-glucosyl-9-O-(6″-deoxysaccharosyl)olivil was achieved. Our result suggests that this
compound does not occur regularly in valerian root in the amounts expected from the single report on the occurrence of this compound.
Interlocutor differences and the role of
social others in a Spanish peer tutoring
context
Authors: Back Michele
Published: January 2020

Peer tutoring is a valuable
component of additional language learning due to
interactions with a knowledgeable interlocutor.
Yet many are unaware of the role of what Lantolf
(2015) termed “social others” on
interlocutors’ and learners’ perceptions and
constructions of the target language and culture.
Social others include persons who interlocutors
perceive as having equal, more, or less knowledge;
written texts; and previous or potential selves.
Social others do not have to be physically present
for mediation on expertise to occur. In this
chapter, I analyze video data from Spanish
language peer tutoring sessions, triangulating
with interview excerpts highlighting peer tutor
knowledge and roles. I show how peer tutors
mediated their ascribed epistemic stances of
expert through social others and co-constructed
their own knowledge with learners. These findings
interrogate ways in which knowledge is
traditionally perceived, highlighting the complex
ideologies that surround knowledge of a target
language and culture.
Lexical Semantics for Terminology
Authors: L’Homme Marie-Claude
Published: January 2020

Lexical Semantics for Terminology: An introduction explores the interconnections between lexical semantics and terminology. More specifically, it shows how principles borrowed from lexico-semantic frameworks and methodologies derived from them can help understand terms and describe them in resources. It also explains how lexical analysis complements perspectives primarily focused on knowledge. Topics such as term identification, meaning, polysemy, relations between terms, and equivalence are discussed thoroughly and illustrated with examples taken from various fields of knowledge.
This book is an indispensable companion for those who are interested in words and work with specialized terms, e.g. terminologists, translators, lexicographers, corpus linguists. A background in terminology or lexical semantics is not required since all notions are defined and explained. This book complements other textbooks on terminology that do not focus on lexical semantics per se.
Modeling and control of magnetorheological 6-DOF stewart platform based on multibody systems transfer matrix method
Authors: Jiang Min , Rui Xiaoting , Zhu Wei , Yang Fufeng , Zhang Jianshu
Published: January 2020

A 6-DOF vibration isolation system with magneto-rheological damper (MRD) based on Stewart mechanism was designed to reduce the mechanical vibration more effectively. To make the isolation system perform well, an effective control method was also proposed. Using the linear multibody systems transfer matrix method (MSTMM), the dynamic model of the MRD 6-DOF vibration isolation system was established to obtain the dynamic characteristics. Firstly, based on the test mechanical property of magnetorheological damper, the electromagnetic coupling model of magnetorheological damper was established. Secondly, the transfer equation of 6-DOF vibration isolation system was established by linear MSTMM. And the state space equation was derived using the modal superposition method, which was based on the augmented eigenvector and body dynamics equation. Thirdly, the linear quadratic Gaussian control method of MRD 6-DOF vibration isolation system was designed. Finally, the numerical simulation was carried out. The results showed that MRD 6-DOF vibration isolation system with optimal control improved the dynamic performance of mechanical equipment effectively. Compared with passive vibration isolation system, the translation of the vibration isolation system in the X, Y, and Z directions, as well as the rotation around the X axis, Y axis and Z axis were reduced by 51.85%, 58.71%, 64.43%, 75.43%, 66.45% and 52.87%, respectively. Similarly, the percentage drops were 50.00%, 56.16%, 34.94%, 53.09%, 38.14% and 46.76% compared to the PID control based vibration isolation system, respectively. The established dynamic model and control strategy provided theoretical basis for relevant vibration isolation tests.
A numerical study on pattern selection in crystal growth by using anisotropic lattice Boltzmann-phase field method*
Authors: Zhang Zhaodong , Cao Yuting , Sun Dongke , Xing Hui , Wang Jincheng , Ni Zhonghua
Published: January 2020

Pattern selection during crystal growth is studied by using the anisotropic lattice Boltzmann-phase field model. In the model, the phase transition, melt flows, and heat transfer are coupled and mathematically described by using the lattice Boltzmann (LB) scheme. The anisotropic streaming-relaxation operation fitting into the LB framework is implemented to model interface advancing with various preferred orientations. Crystal pattern evolutions are then numerically investigated in the conditions of with and without melt flows. It is found that melt flows can significantly influence heat transfer, crystal growth behavior, and phase distributions. The crystal morphological transition from dendrite, seaweed to cauliflower-like patterns occurs with the increase of undercoolings. The interface normal angles and curvature distributions are proposed to quantitatively characterize crystal patterns. The results demonstrate that the distributions are corresponding to crystal morphological features, and they can be therefore used to describe the evolution of crystal patterns in a quantitative way.
Dietary shift and social hierarchy from the Proto-Shang to Zhou Dynasty in the Central Plains of China
Authors: Li Xin , Zhang Shanjia , Lu Minxia , Qiu Menghan , Wen Shaoqing , Ma Minmin
Published: January 2020

The Proto-Shang, the Shang and the Zhou dynasties (∼2000–221 BCE: Before Common Era) are key periods in the origin and evolution of ancient civilizations in China since the periods include the processes and mechanisms of social development in the Central Plains of China during the Bronze Age. However, human-environment interactions in the context of trans-Eurasia cultural exchange during that time are not well-understood. In this study, isotopic analysis and radiocarbon dating of human and animal bones from Xinancheng cemetery in southeast Shanxi Province are reported. It was deduced that, for the period ∼1000–800 BCE, humans buried in Xinancheng cemetery relied primarily on C4-based foods and upper-status individuals consumed more animal protein and probably C3 crops. Also, considering the paleoclimate and other archaeological data of the Central Plains, the human diet and subsistence strategies changed significantly with more C3 staples such as wheat being consumed during the Eastern Zhou (770–221 BCE), as evidenced by an increased intake of wheat by lower-status individuals and the development of a mixed wheat and millet agricultural system. It is argued that the socio-economic change around the late western Zhou-early eastern Zhou Dynasty occurred as a result of the necessity to adapt to the aggravation caused by climate deterioration and population pressures, factors which profoundly influenced the economic and lifestyle patterns in ancient China. The socio-economic system of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty displayed more resilience to climate change than that of earlier periods.
Differences in the destructiveness of tropical cyclones over the western North Pacific between slow- and rapid-transforming El Niño years
Authors: Tu Shifei , Xu Jianjun , Xu Feng , Liang Mei , Ji Qianqian , Chen Siqi
Published: January 2020

The relationship between the destructive potential of tropical cyclones (TCs) over the western North Pacific (WNP) (as quantified by the Power Dissipation Index) and El Niño events is investigated in this work. Results show that the destructive potential of TCs is significantly affected by how rapidly El Niño decays from a positive phase to a negative phase. For TCs occurring during ‘slow-transforming’ El Niño, more of them initiate over the southeastern part (0°–15 °N, 150 °E–180°) of the WNP and the destructive potential of TCs is usually strong. In contrast, weaker destructiveness is indicated during ‘rapid-transforming’ periods, with fewer TC formations in the southeastern area. This weaker destructiveness during rapid-transforming El Niño years is mainly caused by anomalously cooler upper-ocean conditions in the central Pacific, negative relative vorticity anomalies, and increased vertical wind shear in the WNP. These findings may have important implications for the seasonal prediction of TC changes in the WNP.
Power, proximity, and physiology: does income inequality and racial composition amplify the impacts of air pollution on life expectancy in the United States?
Authors: Jorgenson Andrew K , Hill Terrence D , Clark Brett , Thombs Ryan P , Ore Peter , Balistreri Kelly S , Givens Jennifer E
Published: January 2020

This study advances research at the intersection of environmental degradation, social stratification, and population health in the United States. Expanding the theoretical principles of power, proximity, and physiology, we hypothesize that the harmful effect of fine particulate matter on life expectancy is greater in states with higher levels of income inequality and larger black populations. To test our hypothesis, we use two-way fixed effects regression analysis to estimate the effect of a three-way interaction between fine particulate matter, income share of the top ten percent, and the percent of the population that is black on state-level average life expectancy for all US states and the District of Columbia (2000–2014). The findings support our hypothesis: the estimated effect of the three-way interaction on average life expectancy is negative and statistically significant, net of various socioeconomic and demographic controls. Using post-estimation techniques, we visually illustrate that the harmful effect of fine particulate matter on life expectancy is especially pronounced in states with both very high levels of income inequality and very large black populations. We conclude by summarizing the theoretical and substantive implications of our findings, the limitations of the study, and potential next steps in this evolving area of interdisciplinary research.
Optimal translational motion of the elastic telescopic robot arm
Authors: Bokhonsky Alexander , Golovin Vasiliy , Maistrishin Mikhail
Published: January 2020

Paper aims to implement optimal translational movement (to the final state of absolute quiescence) in the shortest possible time, which is found from the moment ratios in relative motion. An example of an elastic manipulator arm as a system with two degrees of freedom have been described: while frequency of the first tone and total arm length are given, the links lengths and the second tone frequency of the oscillations are determined. The following related tasks are solved: designing an elastic robot arm with given properties; optimal movement analysis of the arm as a superposition of the translational and relative motions.
Double-sided summer-winter vehicle tire: advantages and prospects of industrial production
Authors: Voiku I P , Komissarov I A
Published: January 2020

Improvement of the tire design is considered as the main scenario of innovative development of the tire industry. The results of the research work of the employees of the FSBEI of Higher Education “Pskov State University”, who developed a utility model “Double-sided summer-winter pneumatic tire” (Patent for utility model No. 182679), is presented. The design features of the the double-sided summer-winter vehicle tire and the distinctive features that determine its scientific novelty is revealed. Providing the possibility of year-round use of pneumatic tires is highlighted as the main technical problem solved by the proposed utility model. The prospects for the production of the double-sided summer-winter pneumatic tire associates with the possibility of its multiple and periodic overturning. The article specifies the design features of automotive pneumatic tires, which in a particular state are the obstacles for overturning of the tires. The conclusion is made, that the design features determine the possibility and speed of overturning, and the knowledge of the deformation limit values specifies the requirements for the production of this innovative product.
Information model of multipass mechanical treatment
Authors: Tchigirinsky Ju L , Chigirinskaya N V
Published: January 2020

The applicability of a multidimensional information array describing a phased change in the state of a product during mechanical processing is justified for building information support for CAD/CAM automation subsystems. A mathematical data model has been developed for a formalized solution to the problem of the formed simple technological processing routes for surface treatment in the case of using complex quality indicators that determine the operational properties of products.
Comparison of topological optimization methods on the example of column press traverse
Authors: Glebov A O , Karpov S V , Malygin E N
Published: January 2020

Based on the example of a real three-dimensional object (the traverse of a column press) the results of applying the most common topological optimization methods (ESO and SIMP) in terms of accuracy and speed are presented. Two formulations of the topological optimization problem are considered: minimization of compliance with a limit on volume and minimization of volume with a limit on equivalent stresses. Engineering interpretations of optimized structures are proposed and the results of their comparison with the existing version of the traverse are presented.
The effect of the stressed state of the ring gear due to interference with the base part in calculating the flexural strength of the tooth
Authors: Zhed O , Koshelenko A , Khishova K
Published: January 2020

Strain intensity state (SIS) of a non-rigid toothing in which the shape of the hole is distorted during the clean-working stage due to elastic deformations from clamping forces of the self-centering chuck in research by photomechanics method. For this reason, when the toothing is placed on the base part with interference, there is uneven pressure on the contour of its hole, and also a preliminary uneven SIS is formed in the transitional fillets of the interdental space, which reduces the service life of the toothing by flexural strains.
Application of MAO coatings in a two-stroke internal combustion engine for thermal protection against burning-through of the piston
Authors: Sakulin R , Rezvanov D , Rezyapov T
Published: January 2020

Nowadays, a significant problem of high powered two-stroke engines is burning-through of the piston. This problem can be solved by the thermal barrier coatings. It is formed by the method of microarc oxidation (MAO). In this work it was proved that MAO coating of the piston bottom increases the burning-through resistance of two-stroke internal combustion engines. The influence of MAO-layer on the two-stroke engine characteristics (torque, brake specific fuel consumption, temperature under the spark plug and emissions) are investigated. As result, in case of MAO coating of the piston bottom 2.4 times reducing of the burning-through likelihood is take place. Negative impacts on the engine parameters (brake characteristics or emissions) are not detected.
Methods for developing carbon composites with functional properties
Authors: Nelyub Vladimir
Published: January 2020

The paper discusses the results of experimental analyses of carbon tape properties for FibArmTape-230/300 and LUP grades, and carbon composites based on the same. Metal coatings were applied to carbon tapes by magnetron sputtering. To apply metal coatings, two magnetron sputters were used: a laboratory MIR-2 and an industrial MMR-188M. Metal coatings were applied using stainless steel and copper targets. The values of breaking force under tension, relative elongation, and filament diameter before and after applying the metal coating, as well as the carbon composite interlayer shear strength, have been experimentally determined. The parameters of electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and shielding properties have been assessed. It has been found that applying a copper coating on carbon tapes allows to increase their thermal conductivity coefficient almost twice and decreases their heat capacity. The electrical resistance of metal-coated carbon tapes and carbon composites was lower than that of the same uncoated materials. The electrical conductivity of the LUP carbon tape, both with a metal coating of different thickness and without a coating, was higher than that of FibArm Tape-230|300 carbon tape. Metal coating on carbon tapes allows to improve significantly the carbon composites shielding properties.
Improving the fire resistance of PVC plastic the introdution ammonium octamolybdate
Authors: Borukaev T A , Kharaev A M , Shaov A Kh , Borodulin A S , Kalinnikov A N
Published: January 2020

An efficient method for the synthesis of ammonium octamolybdate with a quantitative yield has been developed.Compounds based on PVC plastic and octamolybdate are obtained. It was found that the introduction of ammonium octamolybdate in PVC plastic leads to an increase in the fire resistance of the compound and to a decrease in smoke formation during its combustion. At the same time, the mechanism for reducing smoke emission during PVC plastic combustion in the presence of ammonium octamolybdate consists in its catalytic action in the conversion of soot particles into various oxidized forms. It is shown that PVC plastics containing ammonium octamolybdate have elevated oxygen index and coke residue.
The microstructure and mechanical characteristics of the alloy Ti-50.7 at.%Ni with different deformation processing during multiple martensitic transformations
Authors: Churakova A A , Gunderov D V
Published: January 2020

The influence of thermal cycling in the temperature range of B2-B19’ martensitic transformations on the TiNi alloy structure and properties are studied. Different states are considered, namely the initial coarse-grained (CG) state, the ultrafine-grained (UFG) state after ECAP, the state after ECAP and cold upsetting by 30%. It is shown that, as a result of thermal cycling, microhardness and strength grow in all the three states. According to the data from TEM analysis, the increment of the dislocation density is observed, resulting from thermal cycling.
Analytical approach to solving dynamic problems on resonators
Authors: Melnikov R V , Trutnev G A , Shchenyatsky A V , Krivov V
Published: January 2020

A sensitive element, its geometric features, and errors affecting the performance characteristics of the product are considered in this article. The analysis was carried out, which showed that the main contribution to the self-care of the angle is made by such errors as elastic-mass defects of the quartz resonator, inaccuracy of the assembly of the structure, errors in the shooting and control system, geometric errors of the resonator. The influence of such errors as the frequency response and the quality difference on the final characteristics of the navigation device is estimated. An urgent task is to improve the control component and increase the accuracy of the entire measuring system of a solid-state wave gyroscope. The use of adaptive automatic control systems provides setting the resonant frequency of the sensitive element, capturing the natural frequency of oscillations, generating signals of the mismatch of the amplitude of oscillations, etc. To improve the efficiency of the automatic control system, to reduce the time to bring the device to the required level of quality, a mathematical model is being developed. This article discusses the model of the circuit of automatic suppression of dissimilarity for the push-pull control system of a solid-state wave gyro. An assumption has been made that it is possible to apply the results of simulation modeling for the further implementation of the circuit of suppressing different-Q-factors in the navigation block.
Information technologies in the assessment of timber road train – log trucks
Authors: Budalin S V , Lyakhov S V , Nikulin S V
Published: January 2020

In work the estimation and a choice of log trucks for the certain technology of export of assortments on technical and economic criteria is considered. The considered algorithm includes the formation of requirements for cars -sortiment trucks from the road transport organizations, the choice of cars present in the market, the calculation of their economic efficiency, the definition of integrated quality indicators and the final choice of the car brand. As a result, the most efficient sorting vehicle is chosen for the selected timber transportation segment and the fleet of the trucking organization is formed, depending on the volume of transportation. The offered technique can be used at formation of a cargo vehicle fleet of any enterprise, its updating, and also at the organization of transportations with a view of fastening of concrete cars behind certain routes.
Comparative analysis of tracked vehicles steering mechanism functional properties
Authors: Zemlyansky Y M , Dyakonov A A , Kondakov S V , Podzhivotova I A
Published: January 2020

The article discusses the advantages for a tracked vehicle of a continuous steering control mechanism. Using the example of an idealized two-stream transmission of industrial tractor, an algorithm has been developed for separating two power flows from an internal combustion engine - to the main transmission and to the steering mechanism, with constant preservation of the maximum engine load.
Numerical simulation of backward extrusion process with local acting of active friction forces
Authors: Semenov I E , Ivanov A V
Published: January 2020

This article presented the results of numerical analysis of the deformation forces calculation on the backward extrusion of box-shaped details including the active friction forces action. It is shown on the example of aluminium box-shaped details, that the numerical methods of the analysis based on finite elements method, give accurate results. This allows us to recommend numerical methods for calculation of the force values acting on the working tool in backward extrusion. In addition, a numerical research enables to predict the shape change of the workpieces at any stage of the backward extrusion process. All this allows drawing conclusions about the quality of the box-shaped parts and more considerably take into account the characteristic features of the deformation during the development of the technological process.