bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial structure of breeding settlements of the Snowy Owl (Bubo scandiacus, Strigiformes, Strigidae) in the tundra of the Taimyr Peninsula
Authors: Kharitonov S. P.
Published: November 2024

Data on Snowy Owl breeding settlements and encounters in the tundra were analyzed for the periods of 1996–2007, 2012, 2014–2020 in the vicinities of the Medusa Bay (73°21ʹN, 80°32ʹE), northwestern Taimyr Peninsula, Siberia. Breeding Snowy Owls were detected in 1996, 1999, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2014, 2016 and 2019. The spatial distribution of nests, summarized for 9 breeding years, appear to be grouped (clustered). This means that the spatial population structure of Snowy Owls mostly consists of permanent breeding sites, or territorial cells. However, the distribution of these cells in the tundra area is uniform. The reasons for such an attraction to the same sites in the tundra that fail to differ from many others are not clear yet. The existing version of the “signal field” theory cannot account for this attraction: owls very rarely occupy previously used nest sites, definitely preferring new entire breeding places within these territorial cells. In fact the basis of so dividing the breeding area into permanent territorial cells and of choosing definite ones among them seems to indicate that birds are oriented to certain yet unknown features of the environment rather than only to the ecological characteristics of the habitat and/or to tracks from the previous bird activity. A summarized distribution of the Snowy Owl encounters of non-breeding birds was clustered, as well. The distribution of these clusters across the plain tundra (in rugged areas non-breeders occurred very rarely) appeared to be random. In different seasons, regardless of the breeding status, Snowy Owls may behave in very different ways: they may tend to pose closer to other owls or try to stay farther away; they may start breeding at very low lemming numbers or, vice versa, they do not breed in good nutritional conditions.
Skin and hair of the Tibetan Hamster (Urocricetus kamensis, Cricetidae, Rodentia): A comparative morphological analysis
Authors: Chernova О. F. , Feoktistova N. Yu. , Soldatova I. B. , Surov А. V.
Published: November 2024

For the first time, using light and scanning electron microscopy, the fine structure of the skin and its derivatives (glands, hairs, whiskers) was studied in adult male and female Tibetan hamsters (Urocricetus kamensis Satunin 1903), a unique species of the subfamily Cricetinae that lives only in the highlands of the Tibetan Plateau. A comparative morphological analysis of the skin, along with features of its similarity with the skin of other hamsters, revealed a number of characteristic features in the Tibetan hamster that contribute to the adaptation of this species to the harsh mountain climate conditions with sharp seasonal and daily temperature fluctuations: abundant subcutaneous fatty tissue, a special hair structure that provides effective heat protection due to a significant change in the volume of inert air in the fur: significant hair density, wavy arrangement of rows of hairs and the profile of the lower sections of the guard hairs. The presence of relatively long and thick guide hairs in the fur serves to protect the coat in rocky habitats. The array of specific skin glands is little compared to other Cricetinae; no mid-ventral and flank glands were found, this being unique for representatives of the subfamily, but this requires confirmation based on more abundant material.
Comparying two methods of disparity analysis of the anterior portion of m1 in the gray voles (Rodentia, Arvicolini) in a model sample: frequency analysis of morphotypes and geometric morphometrics
Authors: Pavlinov I. Ya.
Published: November 2024

An analysis of disparity of the anterior portion of m1 shape in the gray voles in an artificial sample consisting of 5 groups with different frequency distributions of 5 morphotypes was carried out. Two main approaches were applied: (a) traditional analysis of frequency distribution of discrete morphotypes and (b) geometric morphometrics (GM) based on a strictly quantitative description of the shape of anterior portion of m1. The groups were compared quantitatively: Cavalli-Sforz–Edwards’ coefficient was applied in the first case, while the thin plate spline and Procrustes analyses in the second; their results were analyzed using a number of standard statistical methods (dispersion analysis, discriminant analysis, multidimensional scaling). Disparity within the groups was assessed using Shannon entropy index and averaged Procrustes distance. Traditional and GM approaches were shown to provide very similar results, with GM having a number of important advantages by being strictly quantitative. The second approach is recommended as the basic to replace the traditional one for explorations in disparity of tooth crown shape in the voles.
Experimental Study of Lexical Choice Situation (on the Material of the Constructions otkryvat’ butylku ‘open a bottle’ and otkuporivat’ butylku ‘uncork a bottle’)
Authors: Glebkin Vladimir V. , Evchuk Elizaveta A.
Published: November 2024

Lexical competition between lexical units and extralinguistic factors influencing lexical choice have remained one of the fundamental problems within the scope of the onomasiological approach to lexical semantics as of yet. In previous studies of one of the authors, such competition was explored with an example of the constructions otkryvat’ butylku ‘open a bottle’ and otkuporivat’ butylku ‘uncork a bottle’. The experimental study reported in this article provides some evidence in favor of the results obtained in the previous research based on a corpus analysis. In this study, the participants filled the most appropriate, in their opinion, words in the gaps in the sentences taken from the Russian National Corpus, which previously contained the verb otkuporivat’ ‘uncork’. The results of the study confirmed earlier observations that the verb otkuporivat’ correlates with the “literary” context of use and the verb otkryvat’ with the “everyday” context. In addition, the results of the experiments pave the way for the correlation between the construction otkryvat’ butylku and the action of a “fast” cognitive system that activates surface connections between lexical units, and the correlation between the construction otkuporivat’ butylku and the action of a “slow” system that creates a mental representation of the situation designated in the sentence.
‘Bosyakiʼ, ‘Bosotaʼ and ‘Nishchebrodyʼ: the New Life of Old Word
Authors: Rozanova Nina N.
Published: November 2024

The article examines semantic properties and usage peculiarities of words that denote individuals with low material wealth in contemporary colloquial speech. Words reflecting the division of people into the poor and the wealthy form rich synonymic sets. To denote the poor (as well as the wealthy) words with a long history, described in detail in explanatory dictionaries, are used. However, in new contexts these words lose some semantic features and acquire new ones. The article addresses such lexemes as ‘golodranecʼ, ‘oborvanecʼ, ‘bosyakʼ, ‘bosotaʼ, ‘nishchebrodʼ. Some of them (e. g., ‘bosyakʼ, ‘bosotaʼ, ‘nishchebrodʼ) are labeled as archaic in explanatory dictionaries. However, as contemporary contexts show, the stylistic status of such words has significantly changed: they develop new meanings, and then their “re-actualization” occurs. So, ‘bosyakʼ as a designation for a poor person belonging to the social lower classes of society, in modern speech, is increasingly being replaced by the noun ‘bomzhʼ, which is more relevant for today, while the word ‘bosyakʼ itself is often used to designate any negative characteristics of a person. The word ‘bosotaʼ also has undergone semantic changes. It is used not only to denote extreme poverty, but also to express the speaker’s negative attitude towards someone. As observations show, this word is quite familiar to modern speakers of colloquial Russian and is found in two accented versions: bosotá and bosóta. The use of the previously low frequency word ‘nishchebrodʼ in the meaning of “a person with low material wealth” has also being updated.
Tyrannical Characters by A. N. Ostrovsky in View of the Primary Speech Genres
Authors: Belova Olga E.
Published: November 2024

The author of this article applies the theory of speech genres of M. M. Bakhtin, developed by A. D. Stepanov, to analyze the plays of A. N. Ostrovsky. In particular, she considers the tyrannical characters through the prism of primary speech genres. According to the author’s point of view, a completely definite and stable set of primary speech genres defines such characters. There prevail imperative speech genres, which are associated with influencing the will of another person, namely, an order, a demand or a threat. The article briefly describes each of these genres showing that they are used by the tyrannical characters to impose their own whims on the interlocutors. The author confirms this conclusion by the examples (the behavior of Bruskov, Akhov, Karkunov). What is more, the tyrannical characters resort to didactic speech genres, which mainly demonstrates their opinion of themselves as “knowledgeable” (this distinguishes, for example, Kabanikha). At the same time, the tyrannical characters often use the speech genre of complain, which shows the weakness of their nature and lack of strength when facing resistance (for example, Bolshov, Akhov). The author makes a conclusion that there are wide possibilities of applying the theory of speech genres in the study of Ostrovsky’s plays.
Savings Activity of Russians: Dynamics and Factors
Authors: Tikhonova Natalia E.
Published: November 2024

Based on the data of a number of all-Russian studies of the Institute of Sociology of FCTАS RAS, the article characterizes saving behavior factors of Russians and the dynamics of its change in 2003-2023. Some classical concepts explaining the savings behavior of the population are tested in relation to Russian conditions. It is demonstrated that their conclusions are only partially justified in the Russian society. It is shown, in particular, that representatives of mass strata of the population reacted to successive external shocks of different nature in recent years depending on the nature of these shocks, and not only on their severity or expected duration: to crises of purely economic nature, in accordance with the classical postulates, Russians responded by striving to maintain their usual level of consumption at the expense of savings, while in case of adding geopolitical risks and increasing uncertainty of the future, the prevalence of savings was increased. If for small savings no micro-level factors have been identified to have significant impact on their availability, then in the formation of savings that allow you to live on them for at least two months, subjective factors play a key role, in particular, readiness for long-term planning of one’s life, as well as a sense of respective economic and social success. At the same time, economic factors, though important, play a noticeably lesser role, affecting mainly amounts of savings.
Typological Groups of First-Year Students by Educational Strategies in Conditions of Individual Learning Trajectories
Authors: Gavrilyuk Tatiana Vladimirovna , Bocharov Vladislav Yu. , Pogodaeva Taisia V.
Published: November 2024

The typological analysis of the first-year students’ educational strategies in the conditions of experimental learning within individual learning pathways have been considered in the article. Using the heuristic potential of the typological approach in relation to the data of a mass questionnaire survey of first-year students at the Tyumen State University, two parts of type-forming features were identified and the corresponding empirical indicators were formed. Using the methods of factorial and cluster analysis, three modal typological groups of first-year students have been discerned, and each of them has its own educational strategy at the university. Conclusions have been drawn about the expediency of building such a typology at the beginning of the student's educational pathway, as this enable to make timely management decisions on the development of desirable and correction of undesirable learning strategies, as well as the possibility of further monitoring measurements.
Transformations of Western Sociology: Mainstream and Public Agenda
Authors: Danilova Elena N.
Published: November 2024

The article examines several mutually constitutive turns over the past half century in contemporary sociology and in academic debate regarding social inequalities: the constructivist turn and the struggle against essentialism, the concept and theories of identity, identity politics, the “death of class”, the new left agenda and the new oppressed. In critical way, I discuss the link between the current left mainstream in sociology, and the replacement of class politics with non-class, so-called identity politics. The turn was discursively formed in connection with the ideological agenda in the western societies and politics. The role of academic activism in strengthening this connection is quite decisive. Ultimately, it leads to a discussing the ‘old’ question – whether the conceptualizations that represent the sociological mainstream today have crucial and universal significance due to their objective historical or everyday connotations of a certain time, or whether they serve as intellectual guides in the current agenda and ideological narratives that mediate the perception of reality.
Russians’ attitudes regarding preparation for retirement: its content and formation factors
Authors: Kiselev Igor Yu. , Mikhailova Elena V. , Smirnova Anna G.
Published: November 2024

The article presents the results of empirical study conducted in the Yaroslavl region in April-June 2023. In its content the attitude towards the preparation for retirement is interpreted in the study in accordance with a three-component structure (cognitive, affective and behavioral components) based on the core variable «preparation for retirement». The relevance of the study of attitudes’ content, regarding preparation for retirement in various age groups of the population, is substantiated. The orientation towards the search for age-related shifts in the content of such attitudes determined the design of the study sampling.
Using the logical rectangle method, four generalized attitudes regarding the preparation for retirement were identified. The attitude towards the deferred preparation for retirement, which is shared by the relative majority of the respondents, has become the dominant. The actual attitude towards the preparation for retirement, which implies that its supporters do not only consider it expedient to prepare for retirement in advance, but carry out personal planning in this direction as well, characterizes 13.18% of the respondents. The influence of the age factor and the modalities of representations about life in retirement on the content of the attitudes under this study is revealed. The approaching of the retirement date and the positive modality of life representations after the retirement contribute to the formation of the actualized attitude towards preparation for retirement. At the same time, the remoteness of retirement in the life perspective of the respondent, as well as negative representations about life in retirement, block the formation of such attitude.
Dynamics of employment in Russia (2018 – mid-2023)
Authors: Anisimov Roman I.
Published: November 2024

The article examines the impact of the pandemic and a special military operation on the economic sphere and labor relations in the Russian Federation. The conclusion is made that the Russian economy has successfully adapted to these phenomena. Initial forecasts about the collapse of the economy did not come true; the economic situation is stable. In addition, based on statistical data and the results of sociological research, a decrease in informal employment of Russians is stated. During the pandemic and its beginning, the number of employees working without a contract has not increased, there is an increase in standard employed Russians. There are three main reasons for this process. The first is the reduction of the labor force in Russia, which increases the demand for it and, accordingly, the improvement of labor relations, the second is the actions of the government during the pandemic, aimed primarily at helping officially employed workers and the adoption of the law on the self-employed, the third is the reduction as a result of the pandemic and a special military operation of private small and medium-sized businesses, the main places of work informally employed, reduction of the informal economy and the shadow labor market. These findings force us to reconsider our approaches to the growth of the precariat, the core of which is informally employed wage workers. The number of precarious is growing with a favorable economic situation, growth of economic initiative and non-interference of the state in the economic sphere. In the opposite situation, the number of precarious workers decreases.
The Impossibility of Socialism. Part 2. The new Individualism
Authors: Davydov Dmitry A.
Published: November 2024

The article is devoted to the study of social and class contradictions in modern society. The author shows that, despite growing economic inequality in developed countries, the prospect for uniting all the exploited and oppressed in fight for a socialist society, equality and justice is becoming increasingly vague. There are many grounds for asserting the impossibility of socialism (in the foreseeable future) and the inevitability of a new antagonistic stage in the development of society. The second part substantiates the last two theses of the article: 1) the richer the cultural diversity of society, the more prerequisites for intergroup value conflicts; 2) new post-capitalist social relations do not contribute to solidarity and creative dialogue of everyone with everyone in the format of “knowledge communism”, but to the deepening of individualism. It is concluded that in the era of the “impossibility of socialism” any political struggle conducted under leftist slogans is inevitably waged in favor of some social groups to the detriment of the interests of other social groups.
The impossibility of socialism: part 1. Class kaleidoscope
Authors: Davydov Dmitry A.
Published: November 2024

The article is devoted to the study of social and class contradictions in modern society. The author shows that, despite growing economic inequality in developed countries, the prospect for uniting all the exploited and oppressed in order to fight for socialist society, equality and justice is becoming increasingly vague. There are many grounds for asserting the impossibility of socialism (in the foreseeable future) and the high probability of a new antagonistic stage in the development of society. The first part argues for two of the article’s four theses: 1) the richer the society, the more disagreements and conflicts between representatives of the class of hired workers and those who express their interests, and not between capitalists and the proletariat; 2) the development of productive forces does not at all lead to an uprising of the exploited against the class of exploiters, but to the emergence of a large and influential social stratum of post-materialists, whose interests are contrary to the interests of a significant proportion of people who lack the means of subsistence.
Russian Orthodoxy in Spain: a Look through History
Authors: Shimanskaya O. K
Published: November 2024

In the article on the basis of the collection “Russian Orthodox Church in Spain from the middle of the XVIII to the beginning of the 21st century” published in 2023. Archpriest Andrei Kordochkin, Doctor of Philosophy and Candidate of Theology analyzed the history of the formation and development of bilateral Russian-Spanish relations in the context of their spiritual and cultural component, namely the activities of Orthodox parishes, priesthood on the Pyrenee peninsula at the indicated time. One way or another, the presence of the parish church testified to the strengthening of Russian-Spanish relations. The author of the article, based on a civilizational approach, discusses the spiritual and cultural mission of the most prominent priests who served in Spain, such as Fr. Konstantin Kustodiev, about. John (Shakhovskaya), Hieromonk Arseny (Sokolov). They acted as researchers of the features of Spanish Catholicism, national cultural and religious traditions, conveyed their sympathy for the object of study in publications to the Russian reader and made a lot to strengthen horizontal friendly ties with the Spaniards. A change in state-confessional relations on the 1978 Constitution and the proclamation of the principle of freedom of conscience made the legal existence of the Russian Orthodox parish, along with the parishes of other Orthodox nationalities in Spain. But the issue of their legal status is still not completely regulated, and we hope that the coverage of the issue of the history of Russian Orthodoxy in Spain will create the basis for its full resolution.
Transatlantic Relations in the Perception of the American Ruling Elite: the Economic Aspect
Authors: Goloub Yu. G , Shenin S. Yu
Published: November 2024

The article is dedicated to the analysis of the perception in the United States of the J. Biden administration transatlantic policy in economic sphere and role of the European countries in forming the new system of international relations. Considering this policy in the context of the process of fragmentation of the global economy, the authors analysed the views of the most active political and ideological groups within the American ruling elite. Although the overwhelming majority of politicians and experts agree with the administration's strategic line on the formation of integrated transatlantic economy as the core of a new system of international relations, nevertheless, they see different ways to achieve this goal. Thus, centrist Democrats believe that the United States should use its leadership to organise rapid and tough integration; conservative Democrats emphasise gradual transition and a soft policy towards the EU; progressive Democrats insist on climate priorities; moderate Republicans are for strategic control without European access to the US market; conservative Republicans see the basis of the unification only in center-right unity. At the same time, most groups agree with the administration on key issues related to the need for EU countries to withdraw from the Chinese market, the use of protectionist tools, countering the antitrust policy of Europeans, etc. It is concluded that in its transatlantic economic policy the administration receives confident support from the main groups of the American elite.
Defense and Security Issues in the Arctic in the Context of the Ukrainian Crisis
Authors: Zhuravel V. P
Published: November 2024

Currently, the Arctic region is experiencing a political crisis associated with a sharp limitation of the Arctic Council activities. The complex geopolitical situation was initiated unilaterally by the states of the collective West, which consistently led to a new strategic confrontation between Russia and NATO. The article analyses the main trends and activities of the members of the North Atlantic Alliance in the Arctic, which directly indicate the formation of policies and tools to contain Russia in the region. The author emphasises that Sweden and Finland's NATO accession increases tension, creates challenges and threats to the Russian national security in the light of the international military development. The consistent growth in the activity and presence of NATO in the region after the start of the special military operation (SMO/SVO) is traced and detailed. It is stated that the potential opportunities for Russia-NATO dialogue in the Arctic are decreasing. The article examines the Russian Federation's response measures to strengthen national security in the region. The author makes a conclusion that there is the need for improvement a comprehensive system for monitoring the situation in the Arctic in order to negate the possibility of incorrect interpretation of military activity in the context of the current phase of crisis. It is indicated that the further affairs in the Arctic are closely dependent on the results of the SMO.
Preliminary Results of the Development of the European Direction of China's “Polar Silk Road” Initiative
Authors: Nikolaev N. A
Published: November 2024

The article discusses the results achieved by China in promoting the “Polar Silk Road” (PSR) Initiative in the Arctic. The preconditions for the development of the ideological and conceptual basis of the PSR Initiative consisted of the growing alarmism in the late 2000s around the forecasts of climate change and the volume of Arctic resources. Under these conditions, the Western thesis of an Ice-Free Arctic (wubin beiji) was developed in China’s expert community. China’s leadership changes in 2012 and Xi Jinping's promotion of new foreign policy ideas of “Belt and Road” and “community of humanity's destiny” revitalised the expert discourse, reorienting it to form within a new conceptual framework. Under these condition in 2017 the PSR Initiative was launched. As a result of the West's counteraction, and narrowing of China’s investment opportunities, the prospects for expanding the partnership within the framework of the PSR Initiative, which is still not recognized by any Arctic state, including Russia, are decreasing. Thus, Beijing's desire to focus on the implementation of two directions of China's policy in the Arctic is analysed: deepening Russia-China cooperation in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation and ensuring participation in dealing with issues related to the central part of the Arctic Ocean.
Technology development phases, as exemplified by the evolution of aircraft power plants
Authors: Kuzmin Yurii V.
Published: November 2024

Several hypotheses concerning technology development patterns were tested on the dataset, prepared by the author. This dataset includes the data regarding dynamics of changes in airplane power plants used both in airplane production in the 20ʰᵗ century and in the development of new airplane models, the design features of 20,250 20th-century airplane models, and 39,000 records describing the production of these models. Five classes of airplanes were selected for analysis: two civil (passenger and general-purpose aircrafts) and three military (fighters, bombers, and attack aircrafts) classes.
According to the first hypothesis, the development of civil technologies goes through two different phases. During the first phase, a succession of technical solutions (in our case, the types of most widely used airplane engines) occurs, indicating a displacing competition. At a certain moment, however, this competition gives way to coexistence, in which each solution that has “survived” up to this moment retains its share in production for a long time. In the military sector, the technological arms race never stops and the stage of coexistence does not occur, which comprises the second hypothesis.
According to the third hypothesis, the development of designs using outdated methodology continues even after the new generation practically displaces the previous one from production. This behavior is typical for the engineering community and repeats time after time in both the civil and military sectors.
Finally, the fourth hypothesis states that, as technology develops, a product usually undergoes two periods: complication, which is accompanied by a rapid increase in quantitative characteristics and followed by simplification of operation and maintenance. This trend manifests, among other things, as a reduction in the number of main units in the product. In our case, this means a reduction in the number of engines installed on heavy airplanes.
It is shown that the collected data confirm the previously stated hypotheses.
Observations of solar eclipses in russia: between the chronicles and the first scientific expeditions (18ʰᵗ – 19ʰᵗ Centuries)
Authors: Maslikov Sergei Yu.
Published: November 2024

A solar eclipse is a rare and spectacular celestial event that has a powerful emotional impact on people and is often reflected in their writings and communications. The reports of eclipse observations are contained in the 10th–17ʰᵗ century Russian chronicles. Modern observation reports, starting wiʰᵗ the 1887 eclipse, have also been well studied. In the intermediate period, starting from 1706, however, only three eclipses (1748, 1842 and 1851) have been described in publicly available sources despite the fact that 30 total and annular eclipses passed through Russia during this period. Using a computer program, the regions and time intervals were identified to search for the mentions of such eclipses. Possible sources include memoirs, reports and other documents written by educated people – participants in all kinds of campaigns, voyages, and expeditions, not necessarily the astronomical ones. As a result of studying diverse sources, a number of valuable reports of eclipse observations were discovered. Most often, these are the observations of eyewitnesses who had accidentally happened to be in the eclipse path. The firstly discovered materials shed light on the level of astronomical knowledge among various groups of the Russian population as well as equipment available to them, and touch upon the issues of local peoples’ superstitions and prejudices. A periodization of solar eclipse observations is also proposed.
Healthy and active longevity of the population of Russia is an important socio-economic problem
Authors: Baranenkova Taisiya
Published: November 2024

The article, based on statistical material, examines evolutionary changes in life expectancy, as well as the factors and conditions that determine it.
Particular attention is paid to improving health, reducing morbidity and mortality. The need to create conditions for older workers to extend their active, working life for the benefit of society and the people themselves is substantiated.
On the applicability of China’s experience to helping Russia in the transition to socio-economic growth based on the development of technological and intellectual potential
Authors: Aganbegyan Abel
Published: November 2024

The author outlines the main provisions that can contribute to the socio-economic development of Russia. The Chinese experience of ensuring a rapid economic growth, which can be adopted by Russia, is described in detail. Towards the same end, Russia needs to significantly increase investment in fixed capital and human development. This can be done at the expense of the state budget, directing funds primarily to fundamental science, education and healthcare. It is very important to pay special attention to reducing social inequality and improving the living standards of the population, thereby promoting the welfare state.
It is also necessary to raise the extremely low incomes in rural areas and small towns, amounting to 25–30 thousand roubles per capita per month.
Specificity of managing the resource potential of scientific and knowledge-intensive organizations in Russia at the present stage of economic development
Authors: Groshev Igor , Koblov Sergey , Klyushnikov Valery
Published: November 2024

The article analyzes the problem of creating a national scientific research innovative system at the present stage of economic development, taking into account the Russian specifics of managing the resource potential of scientific and knowledge-intensive organizations.
The features of scientific research organizations in the USA, Western Europe and China are examined in detail, global trends in reforming the organization of scientific research institutions are highlighted. The authors conclude about the creation of a national innovative system for organizing scientific research in Russia, promoting the development of an innovative economy.
Towards a standardized circular economy
Authors: Kalioujny Boris
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this article is to outline the future development of the circular economy (CE) concept, which is moving towards a standardized model, although it does not yet have a standardized definition. EC has been developing very dynamically over the past 10–15 years around the world: for example, the process of creating a new multilateral environmental agreement to completely stop the use of disposable plastic products, the development of indicators and tools for implementing the concept, and the introduction of a number of new laws are taking place. Research methodology: an analysis of the process of standardization of a low-carbon economy through the integration of environmental parameters into the socio-economic system (anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and their absorption) is carried out from the point of view of reporting by companies. Results of the study: firstly, the key types of reporting by companies on the low-carbon economy and the typology of standards used have been identified. Secondly, existing types of reporting and standards related to the EC model are identified, and possible ways to make the transition to full EC standardization are explored. Originality and contribution of the author: for the first time in Russia, the work presents a comparative analysis between EC and the low-carbon economy, taking into account such parameters as the volumes and dynamics of these markets, the role, structure and prospects for the development of the EPC standardization process.
System approach to the formation and management of the educational ecosystem: global trends, threats and directions of development
Authors: Dadalko Vasily , Nikolaevsky Vladimir , Sidorenko Sergey
Published: November 2024

The article shows the significant role of information and communication technologies for socio-economic development in general and for the creation of a continuous education system. It is shown that the education system is built not only on educational technologies, but also on taking into account national and cultural characteristics. A conceptual model is proposed for building an education ecosystem based on digital platforms – unified modules: school, vocational school, college, university. The educational ecosystem is based on the integration of modules into a real digital platform for the support and development of entrepreneurship, into which postgraduate education is also integrated. This approach allows you to stimulate, develop and identify creative abilities at all stages of the life cycle. However, it requires increased attention to the institutional basis of the education system: the skills of teaching staff, funding, cultural environment of the educational process, etc.
Rising global public debt as a factor of world monetary system’s enhanced instability
Authors: Balyuk Igor , Balyuk Marina
Published: November 2024

Based on the analysis of statistical data, the article covers the dynamics and changes in the structure of global public debt, which plays an essential role in ensuring and maintaining financial stability. The authors conclude that the problem of sovereign debt is of a deep nature, since it is associated with the dominant model of economic development that encourages the growth of credit dependence that is not backed by real assets. Within the framework of the credit model of economic development, any measures taken to solve debt problems will be cosmetic in nature, therefore, in the coming years, the growth of global public debt will continue, the instability of the global monetary and financial system will increase, the likelihood of crisis situations (up to sovereign defaults) will persist.
Composition of the Low Molecular Weight Metabolome of Potamogeton perfoliatus (Potamogetonaceae) as an Indicator of the Transformation of the Ecological State of the Littoral Zone
Authors: Krylova J. V. , Kurashov Е. А. , Protopopova E. V. , Khodonovich V. V. , Yavid E. Ya. , Kuchareva G. I.
Published: November 2024

The composition and nature of changes in the low-molecular-weight metabolome (NM) of Potamogeton perfoliatus L., growing in 6 biotopes of Lake Ladoga with different types of the anthropogenic load has been analyzed. According to the research results, it was found that the total number of low molecular weight organic compounds (LMWOCs) in the P. perfoliatus NM composition is directly dependent on anthropogenic load, which is well marked by the development of cyanobacteria. The greater the intensity of pollution or eutrophication of waters, or the higher the number of cyanobacteria, the lower the total number of LMWOCs and their concentration. A strongly pronounced dependence of the total concentrations of groups of NM compounds on the anthropogenic disturbance of the biotope and the concentration of cyanobacteria was revealed. A decrease in the number, relative amount, total concentration of carboxylic acids, number and content of unsaturated fatty acids, and, at the same time, an increase in the composition and content of phenols and the total content of aldehydes and ketones depends on an increase in anthropogenic pressure. The specific composition of NM of pierced pondweed depends on its response to biotic and abiotic factors of the aquatic environment, including anthropogenic ones. The revealed features of the change in the composition of P. perfoliatus NM make it possible to use it as an integral indicator of the anthropogenic impact on the littoral biotopes of water bodies and the deterioration of their ecological state.
Acclimation Strategies for the Black Sea Diatom Algae Ditylum brightwellii to High Intensity of Light
Authors: Stelmakh L. V. , Alatartseva O. S.
Published: November 2024

In cells of a culture of the large diatom Ditylum brightwellii (T. West) Grunow acclimated to weak light (17 μmol photons/(m2 × s)), numerous chloroplasts were evenly distributed throughout the cell cytoplasm. After 10 min of exposure of algae to extremely high illumination (1100 μmol photons/(m2 × s)), their aggregates gradually formed in the center of the cell, which continued until the end of the two-hour exposure period. At light intensities of 510–935 µmol/(photons/(m2 × s) during short-term photoacclimation, chloroplast aggregation was noted for 20–60 min, after which their reverse movement and uniform distribution in the cytoplasm were revealed by the end of the second hour. Under conditions of a longer culture stay at a light intensity of 1100 μmol photons/(m2 × s), the algae retained their viability for only six hours. Long-term photoacclimation of this species, which ended by the end of the second day, was detected when the light weakened by about 2 times. It was expressed as an increase in cell volume and C/Chl a ratio, increased aggregation of chloroplasts in the center of the cell, and a decrease in a number of fluorescent parameters reflecting the efficiency of photosystem II and culture viability.
GROUP ANALYSES, REDUCTIONS AND EXACT SOLUTIONS OF MONGE–AMPERE EQUATION OF MAGNETIC HYDRODYNAMICS
Authors: Aksenov A. V , Polyanin A. D
Published: November 2024

We study the Monge–Amp`ere equation with three independent variables which occurs in electron magnetohydrodynamics. A group analysis of this strongly nonlinear partial derivative equation is carried out. An eleven-parameter transformation preserving the form of the equation is found. A formula is obtained that makes it possible to construct multiparametric families of solutions based on simpler solutions. Two-dimensional reductions leading to simpler partial differential equations with two independent variables. One-dimensional reductions are described, which make it possible to obtain self-similar and other invariant solutions that satisfy ordinary differential equations. Exact solutions with additive, multiplicative and generalized separation of variables are constructed, many of which admit representation in elementary functions. The obtained results and exact solutions can be used to evaluate the accuracy and analyze the adequacy of numerical methods for solving initial boundary value problems described by strongly nonlinear partial differential equations.
PHRAGMEN–LINDELOF TYPE THEOREMS
Authors: Juraeva U. Yu.
Published: November 2024

In this paper the Fragmen-Lindelof type theorems for biharmonic functions are proved.
WHOLE SOLUTIONS OF ONE CLASS OF ALGEBRAIC DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS GENERALIZING BRIOT–BOUQUET TYPE EQUATIONS
Authors: Yanchenko A. Ya
Published: November 2024

The paper examines entire solutions of differential equations of Brio–Bouquet type. It is shown that (under some conditions that the polynomials 𝑃, 𝑄 satisfy) all integer transcendental solutions of such equations are quasi-polynomials.
A.V. Martynyuk. Before Herberstein. Austria and Eastern Europe in the System of Personal Ties and Cultural Contacts (13th ‒ early 16th Century). Moscow: Quadriga, 2019. 574 p. Bibl.
Authors: Dmitriev Mikhail Vladimirovich
Published: November 2024

Mikhail V. Dmitriev. A.V. Martynyuk. Before Herberstein. Austria and Eastern Europe in the System of Personal Ties and Cultural Contacts (13supth/sup ‒ early 16supth/supCentury). Moscow: Quadriga, 2019. 574 p. Bibl.
International Scientific Conference «The Problem of Diplomatic Recognition of the Soviet State by the Countries of the Central and South-Eastern Europe (1920–1940-s). To the 100th Anniversary of the Treaty of Rapallo and the Formation of the USSR»
Authors: Lobacheva Julia Vladimirovna
Published: November 2024

Yulia V. Lobacheva. International Scientific Conference «The Problem of Diplomatic Recognition of the Soviet State by the Countries of the Central and South-Eastern Europe (1920–1940-s). To the 100supth/supAnniversary of the Treaty of Rapallo and the Formation of the USSR»
Ikorskyite KMn3+(Si4O10)·3H2O — new mineral from the Khibiny alkaline massif (Kola peninsula, Russia)
Authors: Yakovenchuk V. N. , Panikorovskii Т. L. , Konoplyova N. G. , Pakhomovsky Y. А. , Savchenko Е. Е. , Mikhailova J. А. , Bocharov V. N. , Spiridonova D. V. , Krivovichev S. V.
Published: November 2024

Ikorskyite KMn3+(Si4O10)·3H2O is new mineral from agpaitic pegmatite of the Kukisvumchorr Mt. (Khibiny Massif, Russia). The mineral forms radial aggregates of light-brown crystals growing on separate quartz crystals or on romanèchite crusts in association with barite, donneite-Y, strontionite, natrolite, vinogradovite, manganoneptunite and organic matter. The mineral is monoclinic, space group P21/c. a = 5.0714(3), b = 8.2731(5), c = 13.3740(11) Å, β = 93.730(5)°, V = 559.93(5) Å3. The eight most intense lines of the diffractogram are: (I-d[Å]-hkl): 55-7.04-011; 41-4.318-110; 100-4.185-11-1; 24-3.956-021; 28-3.339-004; 19-3.095-014; 30-3.014-113; 70-2.939-12-2. The crystal structure of ikorskyite belongs to a new structure type of minerals and inorganic compounds and belongs to the palygorskite group. The mineral is named in honor of Serafim Veniaminovich Ikorsky (1927–2016), a well-known specialist in the field of organic matter and gases research of the Kola alkaline province.
To keep the history from being impersonal: to the 155th anniversary of the birth of Professor A. P. Gerasimov
Authors: Voytekhovsky Yu. L.
Published: November 2024

The article is devoted to the 155th anniversary of the birth of Professor A. P. Gerasimov (1869–1942), Secretary (1914–1935), Honorary Member (1940) and Chairman (1936–1942) of the All-Russian Mineralogical Society, who died in evacuation in Sverdlovsk. His letters, found in the archive of Professor D. P. Grigoriev, kept in the Russian Mineralogical Society, are published: to A.N. Krishtafovich from Petrograd to Vladivostok (05.05.1921), to D.P. Grigoriev from Essentuki to Sverdlovsk (26.03.1942), to relatives from Essentuki (07.06.1942), as well as an autobiography (01.06.1942), and obituaries from the newspaper «The Ural Worker» (12.11.1942). The letters show the living and working conditions of the Geological Committee in Petrograd during the Civil War and of the Leningrad Mining Institute in evacuation during the World War II. The aim of the article is to restore the history of domestic science as fully as possible. The article is aimed at historians of science, as well as teachers, graduate students and students of geological faculties of universities.
Possible Mechanisms of the Influence of Oxytocin and Vazopressin on Perception and Memory of Odors and on Social Behavior
Authors: Silkis I. G.
Published: November 2024

A possible mechanism is proposed for the influence of oxytocin and vasopressin on the functioning of the neural network in the CNS, in which olfactory information is processed and stored, and which plays an important role in social behavior. The effect of these neuropeptides on postsynaptic receptors associated with Gq/11 proteins contributes to the induction of LTP of the efficacy of excitatory synaptic inputs to the main projection cells and to inhibitory interneurons in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, piriform cortex, anterior olfactory nucleus, olfactory bulb and nucleus accumbens, including the olfactory tubercle. As a result of disynaptic inhibition in each of the structures, the signal-to-noise ratio is improved and the transmission of strong signals through projection neurons to their target cells is facilitated. Due to the fact, that oxytocin promotes the release of dopamine by the neurons of the ventral tegmental area, the conditions for processing and memorizing olfactory information in the interconnected olfactory and hippocampal neural networks, including cortical and subcortical structures, are improved, and attention is also included in this processing. Long-term modification of the effectiveness of interneuronal connections in these networks under the influence of oxytocin and dopamine contributes to the formation and stabilization of contrasting neuronal representation of odors formed in cortical areas. Orientation of attention increases the significance of socially important olfactory stimuli and improves the conditions for the functioning of the reinforcement system necessary for adequate social behavior. Taking into account the known data on the correlation between social behavior and the density of oxytocin and vasopressin receptors on neurons of different structures, understanding the mechanisms of the influence of these neuropeptides on the functioning of the olfactory system can be useful for finding ways to correct behavior if necessary.
Features оf Changes in the Level of Neurotransmitters and Markers of Neurodegeneration in the Brain of Rats with Experimental Parkinson’s Disease Against the Background of Course Therapy with Steroid Glycoalkaloids
Authors: Voronov V. A. , Pozdnyakov D. I.
Published: November 2024

Parkinson’s disease is a chronic neurodegenerative disease, one of the pathobiochemical manifestations of which is an imbalance of neurotransmitters in the brain. The aim of this work is to study the effect of glycoalkaloids on changes in the level of neurotransmitters and markers of brain neurodegeneration in rats with experimental Parkinson’s disease. Parkinson’s disease was modeled in animals by intracerebral administration of rotenone. The studied glycoalkaloids were administered orally at a dose of 0.06 mg / kg, a course of 28 days after pathology modeling. The study found that the use of the analyzed glycoalkaloids did not affect the concentration of dopamine and serotonin, and also significantly (p 0.05) reduced the level of ACh by 35.9% and increased the level of GABA by 55.1%, reduced the concentration of S100β protein by 68.6% and increased the level of BDNF by 52.4%.