bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DMFGAN: a multifeature data augmentation method for grape leaf disease identification
Authors: Hu Yang , Zhang Yukai , Liu Shuai , Zhou Guoxiong , Li Mingxuan , Hu Yahui , Li Johnny , Sun Lixiang
Published: October 2024

The use of deep learning techniques to identify grape leaf diseases relies on large, high‐quality datasets. However, a large number of images occupy more computing resources and are prone to pattern collapse during training. In this paper, a depth‐separable multifeature generative adversarial network (DMFGAN) was proposed to enhance grape leaf disease data. First, a multifeature extraction block (MFEB) based on the four‐channel feature fusion strategy is designed to improve the quality of the generated image and avoid the problem of poor feature learning ability of the adversarial generation network caused by the single‐channel feature extraction method. Second, a depth‐based D‐discriminator is designed to improve the discriminator capability and reduce the number of model parameters. Third, SeLU activation function was substituted for DCGAN activation function to overcome the problem that DCGAN activation function was not enough to fit grape leaf disease image data. Finally, an MFLoss function with a gradient penalty term is proposed to reduce the mode collapse during the training of generative adversarial networks. By comparing the visual indicators and evaluation indicators of the images generated by different models, and using the recognition network to verify the enhanced grape disease data, the results show that the method is effective in enhancing grape leaf disease data. Under the same experimental conditions, DMFGAN generates higher quality and more diverse images with fewer parameters than other generative adversarial networks. The mode breakdown times of generative adversarial networks in training process are reduced, which is more effective in practical application.
PbAGL7–PbNAC47–PbMYB73 complex coordinately regulates PbC3H1 and PbHCT17 to promote the lignin biosynthesis in stone cells of pear fruit
Authors: Gong Xin , Qi Kaijie , Zhao Liangyi , Xie Zhihua , Pan Jiahui , Yan Xin , Shiratake Katsuhiro , Zhang Shaoling , Tao Shutian
Published: October 2024

Lignification of the cell wall in pear (Pyrus) fruit results in the formation of stone cells, which affects the texture and quality of the fruit. However, it is still unclear that how different transcription factors (TFs) work together to coordinate the synthesis and deposition of lignin. Here, we examined the transcriptome of pear varieties with different stone cell contents and found a key TF (PbAGL7) that can promote the increase of stone cell contents and secondary cell wall thicknesses. In addition, PbAGL7 can facilitate the expression level of lignin biosynthesis‐related genes and accelerate the lignin biosynthesis in pear fruit and Arabidopsis. However, PbAGL7 did not directly bind to the promoters of PbC3H1 and PbHCT17 which are crucial genes involved in lignin biosynthesis. On the other hand, yeast two‐hybrid (Y2H) library showed that PbNAC47 and PbMYB73 interacted with PbAGL7 in the nucleus. PbNAC47 and PbMYB73 also increased the stone cell and lignin contents, and upregulated the expressions of PbC3H1 and PbHCT17 by binding to the SNBE and AC elements, respectively. Moreover, PbNAC47 also interacted with PbMYB73 to form PbAGL7–PbNAC47–PbMYB73 complex. This complex significantly activated the expression levels of PbC3H1 and PbHCT17 and promoted lignin biosynthesis to form stone cells in pear fruit. Overall, our study provides new insights into the molecular mechanism of TFs that coordinately regulate the stone cell formation in pear fruit and extend our knowledge to understand cell wall lignification in plants.
Balancing act: The dynamic relationship between nutrient availability and plant defence
Authors: Dutta Arka , Dracatos Peter M. , Khan Ghazanfar Abbas
Published: October 2024

Plants depend heavily on soil nutrients for growth, development and defence. Nutrient availability is crucial not only for sustaining vital biochemical processes but also for mounting effective defences against a diverse array of pathogens. Macronutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium significantly influence plant defence mechanisms by providing essential building blocks for the synthesis of defence compounds, immune signalling and physiological responses like stomatal regulation. Micronutrients like zinc, copper and iron are essential for balancing reactive oxygen species and other reactive compounds in plant immune responses. Although substantial circumstantial evidence links nutrient availability to plant defence, the molecular mechanisms underlying this process have only recently started to be understood. This review focuses on summarizing recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms by which nitrogen, phosphorus and iron interact with plant defence mechanisms and explores the potential for engineering nutritional immunity in crops to enhance their resilience against pathogens.
Comparing mechanical and enzymatic isolation procedures to isolate adipose‐derived stromal vascular fraction: A systematic review
Authors: Uguten Mustafa , van der Sluis Nanouk , Vriend Linda , Coert J. H. , Harmsen Martin C. , van der Lei Berend , van Dongen Joris A.
Published: October 2024

The stromal vascular fraction of adipose tissue has gained popularity as regenerative therapy for tissue repair. Both enzymatic and mechanical intraoperative SVF isolation procedures exist. To date, the quest for the preferred isolation procedure persists, due to the absence of standardised yield measurements and a defined clinical threshold. This systematic review is an update of the systematic review published in 2018, where guidelines were proposed to improve and standardise SVF isolation procedures. An elaborate data search in MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE (Ovid) and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was conducted from September 2016 to date. A total of 26 full‐text articles met inclusion criteria, evaluating 33 isolation procedures (11 enzymatic and 22 mechanical). In general, enzymatic and mechanical SVF isolation procedures yield comparable outcomes concerning cell yield (2.3–18.0 × 105 resp. 0.03–26.7 × 105 cells/ml), and cell viability (70%–99% resp. 46%–97.5%), while mechanical procedures are less time consuming (8–20 min vs. 50–210 min) and cost‐efficient. However, as most studies used poorly validated outcome measures on SVF characterisation, it still remains unclear which intraoperative SVF isolation method is preferred. Future studies are recommended to implement standardised guidelines to standardise methods and improve comparability between studies.
Ventilatory response to head‐down‐tilt in healthy human subjects
Authors: Alsharifi Abdulaziz , Carter Niamh , Irampaye Akbar , Stevens Charlotte , Mejia Elisa , Steier Joerg , Rafferty Gerrard F.
Published: October 2024

Postural fluid shifts may directly affect respiratory control via a complex interaction of baro‐ and chemo‐reflexes, and cerebral blood flow. Few data exist concerning the steady state ventilatory responses during head‐down tilt. We examined the cardiorespiratory responses during acute 50° head‐down tilt (HDT) in 18 healthy subjects (mean [SD] age 27 [10] years). Protocol 1 (n = 8, two female) was 50° HDT from 60° head‐up posture sustained for 10 min, while exposed to normoxia, normoxic hypercapnia (5% CO2), hypoxia (12% inspired O2) or hyperoxic hypercapnia (95% O2, 5% CO2). Protocol 2 (n = 10, four female) was 50° HDT from supine, sustained for 10 min, while breathing either medical air or normoxic hypercapnic (5% CO2) gas. Ventilation (, pneumotachograph), end‐tidal O2 and CO2 concentration and blood pressure (Finapres) were measured continuously throughout each protocol. Middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity (MCAv; transcranial Doppler) was also measured during protocol 2. Ventilation increased significantly (P < 0.05) compared to baseline during HDT in both hyperoxic hypercapnia (protocol 1 by mean [SD] 139 [26]%) and normoxic hypercapnia (protocol 1 by mean [SD] 131 [21]% and protocol 2 by 129 [23]%), despite no change in or from baseline. No change in was observed during HDT with medical air or hypoxia, and there was no significant change in MCAv during HDT compared to baseline. The absence of change in cerebral blood flow leads us to postulate that the augmented ventilatory response during steep HDT may involve mechanisms related to cerebral venous pressure and venous outflow.
Angustia y existencia: la psicología de Kierkegaard según Rollo May
Authors: Dip Patricia C.
Published: October 2024

En el primer estudio sistemático sobre la psicología de Kierkegaard, Kierkegaard´s Psychology (1972), escrito en danés por Kresten Nordentoft, el autor considera que el primer intento de presentar las teorías psicológicas de Kierkegaard fue realizado por Rollo May en The Meaning of Anxiety (1950). Además de esta obra, en 1958, junto con Ernest Angel y Henri Ellenberguer, May edita Existence. A new dimension in Psychiatry and Psychology. El objetivo de este artículo consiste en describir el modo en que May concibe a Kierkegaard como “psicólogo”, a partir del análisis del existencialismo y su coincidencia con el psicoanálisis en el diagnóstico de la “crisis del individuo moderno”. Para ello, se toman los conceptos de angustia y existencia como los principales ejes temáticos de la descripción.
La bella Safo. Eros y manía en el Fedro de Platón
Authors: Unger Biviana
Published: October 2024

La relación entre Platón y los poetas ha suscitado no pocas reflexiones a lo largo de la historia de la filosofía. Uno de los diálogos privilegiados para entender esta relación ha sido el Fedro, pues la belleza, la escritura y el lenguaje son ámbitos en los que filosofía y poesía confluyen. No sorprende, entonces, que se hagan varias alusiones a los poetas de la tradición épica y lírica como Homero, Estesícoro y Safo. Sostendremos aquí que esta alusión a Safo en el Fedro, única en todo el corpus platónico, implica un compromiso con la tradición poética y erótica femenina, una comprensión de esta como estadio protofilosófico y el reconocimiento de la influencia de Safo en su concepción del eros. De este modo, no solo se amplía la consideración acerca de la relación de Platón y los poetas, sino que se incluye una perspectiva que no ha sido abordada de manera suficiente, esto es, el aporte femenino al pensamiento platónico.
¿Moral instintiva? El vínculo instintivo entre lenguaje y moral
Authors: García Indalecio
Published: October 2024

Según Nietzsche, toda moral es un proceso en el cual ciertas necesidades o afectos, correspondientes a individuos, lugares y épocas concretas, se comparten a través del lenguaje, principalmente como un medio para cohesionar o mantener unido a un grupo. Las morales representan modos de cohesión social o, en última instancia, modos de supervivencia. En este sentido, no se oponen a la vida misma, sino que la favorecen. Sin embargo, cuando, a lo largo de la historia, quienes siguen una moral extrapolan sus principios, es decir, sus creencias o juicios sobre el modo correcto de vivir, con la pretensión de verdad y universalidad, en ese punto del desarrollo moral comienzan a negarse la vida y los instintos. Esto se debe a que se niega la posibilidad de diversas formas de vida humana. El lenguaje nos permite constituirnos como individuos sociales y ajustarnos al modo de vida que nos resulte más favorable. No obstante, este mismo lenguaje representa el peligro del logicismo y universalismo de morales específicas. Aquí intentaremos mostrar que la filosofía nietzscheana, al advertir sobre este peligro, cobra valor como una propuesta positiva del sentido histórico de lo moral.
Condiciones de posibilidad de formación en el Menón: una lectura retrospectiva
Authors: Salcedo Ortiz Eduardo
Published: October 2024

Los términos “educación” y “formación” son cercanos, pero diferentes; la educación responde a un saber disciplinar concreto dentro de una estructura o sistema propio, mientras que la formación tributa a lo humano desde ámbitos no necesariamente sistemáticos. El siguiente artículo tiene como punto de partida la hipótesis de que la formación es un efecto que solo puede ser concebido a posteriori. Dicha hipótesis servirá de acicate para proponer una lectura del Menón de Platón que logre evidenciar algunas condiciones del diálogo que posibilitan el efecto formativo. En primer lugar, se darán algunos presupuestos para comprender la hipótesis; luego, se establecerán dos condiciones que facilitan el proceso formativo: el λόγος y el acompañamiento (cada una de estas condiciones tendrá, a su vez, una división que las explicitará); y, por último, se determinará, en una tabla, si hay efecto formativo o no en los personajes que refiere el diálogo.
Ética aplicada, ética sexual y educación sexual
Authors: Martínez Rincón David
Published: October 2024

El propósito de este artículo es presentar el enfoque ético de Finnis sobre la sexualidad, para cuya reflexión puede usarse el término de “ética sexual”. El tema central del artículo es el estudio de la postura teórica y práctica de John Finnis sobre una ética de la racionalidad práctica que demuestra la posibilidad de hacer juicios objetivos sobre lo bueno y razonar sobre el bien, y la relación de esta propuesta con el abordaje de la sexualidad en el texto “Every Marital Act Ought to be Open to New Life. Toward a Clearer Understanding”. La teoría de la ley natural de John Finnis sostiene una noción de los bienes básicos o fundamentales del ser humano, que permite redefinir la ley natural a partir de la teología racional. Su enfoque naturalista destaca bienes básicos que son intrínsecamente valiosos para el ser humano, como la vida, la salud, la religión y la sociabilidad, que permiten pensar la sexualidad.
The impact of different concentrations of nano-capsulated Aleppo oak extraction on the biological performance of Amblyseius swirskii (Acari: Phytoseiidae)
Authors: Baharysaray Mohammad , Negahban Maryam , Fathipour Yaghoub
Published: October 2024

Essential oils have demonstrated promising results in controlling mites. However, their impact on predatory mites, which are widely used in pest management programs, remains uncertain. In the present study, the effects of 1, 2 and 3 (g a.i. L-1) of nano-capsulated Aleppo oak extraction on the biological parameters of Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae) were investigated under laboratory condition. Based on the results, the pre-adult period of the predator was significantly longer in the 2 (g a.i. L-1) concentration (6.66 days) compared with the control and the 1 (g a.i. L-1) concentration. Additionally, the total lifespan in the control group (39.42 days) was significantly longer than the treatment with a 3 (g a.i. L-1) concentration (31.50 days). The total fecundity in the 2 (g a.i. L-1) concentration (47.60 eggs/female) was significantly higher than the other treatments, indicating a positive effect of this botanical pesticide at the concentration recommended by the manufacturer on the reproductive system of the predatory mite. No significant differences were observed among the different treatments and the control group in terms of population growth parameters (GRR, R0, r, and λ). Only the mean generation time (T) showed a significant difference, with the longest period being recorded in the 2 (g a.i. L-1) concentration (15.44 ± 0.21), which was significantly longer than the control and the 1 (g a.i. L-1) concentration. The lack of significant differences in population growth parameters between the treatments indicates that nano-capsulated Aleppo oak extraction is safe for use along with the predatory mite A. swirskii.
Building the Beach: Interest Convergence, (Black) Capitalism, and Air Jordans
Authors: Williams A. Lamont , Schweinbenz Amanda N. , Pegoraro Ann
Published: October 2024

This paper uses water waves as a metaphor to critically examine Black athlete activism and Derrick Bell’s interest-convergence principle as an analytical lens for understanding how Black Athletes leveraged the capitalist system of sport to build power through wealth. Specifically, we focus on how the convergence of interest between Michael Jordan, Nike, and the National Basketball Association “built the beach” on which the current wave of Black athlete activists stand. While Jordan has been noted for his lack of activism related to race-related issues in the United States, Jordan’s ability to accumulate billions of dollars in generational wealth through interest-convergence, he did lay the foundation for current Black athlete activists including Steph Curry and Lebron James. As such, Black athlete activists like James and Curry have the ability to speak up and speak out when they deem it is necessary without the fear of financial ruin or loss of livelihood.
Detection of interstellar 1-cyanopyrene: A four-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
Authors: Wenzel Gabi , Cooke Ilsa R. , Changala P. Bryan , Bergin Edwin A. , Zhang Shuo , Burkhardt Andrew M. , Byrne Alex N. , Charnley Steven B. , Cordiner Martin A. , Duffy Miya , Fried Zachary T. P. , Gupta Harshal , Holdren Martin S. , Lipnicky Andrew , Loomis Ryan A. , Shay Hannah Toru , Shingledecker Christopher N. , Siebert Mark A. , Stewart D. Archie , Willis Reace H. J. , Xue Ci , Remijan Anthony J. , Wendlandt Alison E. , McCarthy Michael C. , McGuire Brett A.
Published: October 2024

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are organic molecules containing adjacent aromatic rings. Infrared emission bands show that PAHs are abundant in space, but only a few specific PAHs have been detected in the interstellar medium. We detected 1-cyanopyrene, a cyano-substituted derivative of the related four-ring PAH pyrene, in radio observations of the dense cloud TMC-1, using the Green Bank Telescope. The measured column density of 1-cyanopyrene is

∼
1

.52×10

12

cm
−2
, from which we estimate that pyrene contains up to 0.1% of the carbon in TMC-1. This abundance indicates that interstellar PAH chemistry favors the production of pyrene. We suggest that some of the carbon supplied to young planetary systems is carried by PAHs that originate in cold molecular clouds.
Predicting and anticipating rapid evolution
Authors: Nosil Patrik
Published: October 2024

Human impacts alter species interactions and evolutionary dynamics in wild populations
Move past promises for biodiversity
Authors: Medellin Rodrigo A.
Published: October 2024

As nations convene this week in Cali, Colombia, at the Sixteenth Conference of the Parties (COP16) to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the alarming rate at which the world is losing biodiversity will again be in the spotlight. Habitat destruction, climate change, pollution, and unsustainable use of resources continue to drive this loss. COP16 (the organization’s highest authority) presents another opportunity for world leaders to do more than just assess progress and renew commitments, and instead adopt binding obligations for the entire world.
Edit the messenger
Authors: Leslie Mitch
Published: October 2024

New treatments aim to counteract mutant genes by fixing the faulty RNA they produce
Local emergence and global evolution of
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
with high-level resistance to azithromycin
Authors: Melendez Johan H. , Edwards Vonetta L. , Muniz Tirado Adamaris , Hardick Justin , Mehta Aditya , Aluvathingal Jain , D'Mello Adonis , Gaydos Charlotte A. , Manabe Yukari C. , Tettelin Hervé
Published: October 2024

Antimicrobial resistance in
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
(Ng) has severely reduced treatment options, including azithromycin (AZM), which had previously been recommended as dual therapy with ceftriaxone. This study characterizes the emergence of high-level resistance to AZM (HLR-AZM) Ng in Baltimore, Maryland, USA, and describes the global evolution of HLR-AZM Ng. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) of 30 Ng isolates with and without HLR-AZM from Baltimore was used to identify clonality and resistance determinants. Publicly available WGS data from global HLR-AZM Ng (
n
= 286) and the Baltimore HLR-AZM Ng (
n
= 3) were used to assess the distribution, clonality, and diversity of HLR-AZM Ng. The HLR-AZM Ng isolates from Baltimore identified as multi-locus sequencing typing sequence type (ST) 9363 and likely emerged from circulating strains. ST9363 was the most widely disseminated ST globally represented in eight countries and was associated with sustained transmission events. The number of global HLR-AZM Ng, countries reporting these isolates, and strain diversity increased in the last decade. The majority (89.9%) of global HLR-AZM Ng harbored the A2059G mutation in all four alleles of the 23S rRNA gene, but isolates with two or three A2059G alleles, and alternative HLR-AZM mechanisms were also identified. In conclusion, HLR-AZM in Ng has increased in the last few years, with ST9363 emerging as an important gonococcal lineage globally. The 23S rRNA A2059G mutation is the most common resistance mechanism, but alternative mechanisms are emerging. Continued surveillance of HLR-AZM Ng, especially ST9363, and extensively drug-resistant Ng is warranted.
Reverse-transcriptase real-time PCR in the diagnostic strategy for invasive infections caused by
Aspergillus fumigatus
Authors: Gibert Charles , Tirard-Collet Pauline , Miossec Charline , Dupont Damien , Persat Florence , Wallon Martine , Ader Florence , Devouassoux Gilles , Ducastelle Sophie , Labussière-Wallet Hélène , Paulus Sylvie , Guichon Céline , Lukaszewicz Anne-Claire , Richard Jean-Christophe , Wallet Florent , Alanio Alexandre , Rabodonirina Meja , Menotti Jean
Published: October 2024

The aim was to develop an RT-qPCR targeting
Aspergillus fumigatus
and compare its performance to that of
Aspergillus fumigatus
qPCR for the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis (IA). Samples from patients of the Lyon University hospitals for whom a suspicion of IA led to the realization of an
Aspergillus fumigatus
qPCR molecular diagnostic test over a 2-year period were included. The patients were classified according to the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Mycoses Study Group (EORTC-MSGERC) criteria for suspected IA; RT-qPCR and qPCR assays were performed on all included samples. The sensitivities and specificities of RT-qPCR and qPCR were calculated and compared using the results of the EORTC-MSGERC classification as reference. The cycle threshold (Ct) results were compared according to IA classification and sample type. Among the 193 samples analyzed, 91 were classified as IA excluded, 46 as possible IA, 53 as probable IA, and 3 as proven IA. For all sample types, RT-qPCR was significantly more sensitive than qPCR for all IA classifications with an additional 17/102 samples detected (
P
-value < 0.01). For plasma samples, sensitivity was significantly higher and specificity significantly lower using RT-qPCR for all IA classifications (
P
-value < 0.001). The mean Ct obtained with RT-qPCR were significantly lower than those obtained with qPCR for all IA classifications and all sample types (
P
-value < 0.001 and
P
-value < 0.0001, respectively). RT-qPCR presents a higher sensitivity than qPCR for the diagnosis of IA due to
Aspergillus fumigatus
, particularly in samples with an intrinsically low fungal load.

IMPORTANCE

Aspergillus fumigatus
belongs to the critical priority group of the World Health Organization fungal priority pathogens list. Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is a life-threatening infection with poor prognosis and challenging diagnosis. PCR has been integrated into the 2020 European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Mycoses Study Group consensus definitions for IA diagnosis. However, due to frequent low fungal burdens, its sensitivity needs to be improved. This work presents an innovative method for detecting total nucleic acids, corresponding to both ribosomal RNA and DNA, that enables IA diagnosis with greater sensitivity than conventional techniques, especially in non-invasive samples such as blood, enhancing the monitoring of this infection in high-risk patients.
An update on novel taxa and revised taxonomic status of bacteria isolated from aquatic host species described in 2022–2023
Authors: Burbick Claire R. , Lawhon Sara D. , Bukouras Brittany , Lazzerini Giovanna , Munson Erik
Published: October 2024

The description of new taxa and nomenclature updates to currently known taxa from aquatic animal species continues. After a review of the literature from 2022 and 2023, multiple lists of bacteria, including members of Phylum
Planctomycetota
, were compiled. As with the previous review, most bacteria are oxidase-positive Gram-negative bacilli with familiar families including new taxa in
Aeromonadaceae
,
Flavobacteriaceae
,
and Vibrionaceae
. A number of Gram-positive bacilli are described including new taxa in the
Nocardioides
,
Paenibacillus
, and
Streptomyces
genera. Two anaerobic species are listed, and one new member of Family
Planctomycetaceae
is noted. Revised taxa are briefly mentioned. The majority of new and revised taxa are isolated from healthy aquatic animals, and therefore, the role of these new bacteria in health and disease is unknown. Bacteria with pathogenic association and potential production of bioactive substances are highlighted.
Supplemental Material: Boron isotopes identify deep-slab serpentinite in the source of Aleutian arc magma
Authors: Jensen Owen , al. et
Published: October 2024

Item S1 (details of the analytical methods, Figures S1–S4, and all references for the supplemental material; and Item S2 (spreadsheet with new data presented in this paper as well as previously published geochemical data used in our figures (Tables S1–S3) and details of our mixing–mass balance model (Tables S4–S6).  
Surface Structure Formation in Plasma Cutting of Aluminum and Titanium Alloys Using Direct Current Straight and Reverse Polarity
Authors: Sidorov E. A. , Grinenko A. V. , Chumaevskii A. V. , Rubtsov V. E. , Nikolaeva A. V. , Panfilov A. O. , Knyazhev E. O. , Cheremnov A. M. , Utyaganova V. R. , Osipovich K. S. , Gurianov D. A. , Kolubaev E. A.
Published: October 2024

The structural features and phase composition are examined in near-surface layers of specimens of Al-Mg, Al-Cu-Mg alloys and commercially pure titanium obtained by plasma cutting using direct current straight polarity (DCSP) and direct current reverse polarity (DCRP). It is found that the flows of molten metal ejected by the gas stream from the cut cavity during cutting form the fusion and heat-affected zones, whose structural morphology, phase composition, and thickness depend on both the selected material and the cutting mode. The fusion zone is thicker in specimens cut using DCRP than in those cut with DCSP. The thickness of the adjacent heat-affected zone is also the largest in the mode that provides a thicker fused layer. Aluminum alloy specimens cut in ambient air are characterized by the presence of oxygen in the near-surface layers. The lowest degree of oxidation is observed in Al-Mg alloy. Oxygen penetrates into the fused layer to a depth of 350–500 μm in Al-Cu-Mg and up to 200–250 μm in Al-Mg alloy. In titanium alloy, the thickness of oxide layers does not exceed 100–150 μm during straight polarity cutting and 200–250 μm during reverse polarity cutting. A thin brittle layer of TiO and TiO2 oxides is formed on the titanium alloy surface. It is shown that the generation of “water mist” around the plasma jet when cutting materials of all types with DCRP leads to a more intensive oxidation of metal, less thermal effect on the material, and reduced roughness of the cut face.
Association of holidays and the day of the week with suicide risk: multicountry, two stage, time series study
Authors: Lee Whanhee , Kang Cinoo , Park Chaerin , Bell Michelle L , Armstrong Ben , Roye Dominic , Hashizume Masahiro , Gasparrini Antonio , Tobias Aurelio , Sera Francesco , Honda Yasushi , Urban Aleš , Kyselý Jan , Íñiguez Carmen , Ryti Niilo , Guo Yuming , Tong Shilu , de Sousa Zanotti Stagliorio Coelho Micheline , Lavigne Eric , de'Donato Francesca , Guo Yue Leon , Schwartz Joel , Schneider Alexandra , Breitner Susanne , Chung Yeonseung , Kim Sooin , Ha Eunhee , Kim Ho , Kim Yoonhee
Published: October 2024

Objectives

To assess the short term temporal variations in suicide risk related to the day of the week and national holidays in multiple countries.

Design

Multicountry, two stage, time series design.

Setting

Data from 740 locations in 26 countries and territories, with overlapping periods between 1971 and 2019, collected from the Multi-city Multi-country Collaborative Research Network database.

Participants

All suicides were registered in these locations during the study period (overall 1 701  286 cases).

Main outcome measures

Daily suicide mortality.

Results

Mondays had peak suicide risk during weekdays (Monday-Friday) across all countries, with relative risks (reference: Wednesday) ranging from 1.02 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.95 to 1.10) in Costa Rica to 1.17 (1.09 to 1.25) in Chile. Suicide risks were lowest on Saturdays or Sundays in many countries in North America, Asia, and Europe. However, the risk increased during weekends in South and Central American countries, Finland, and South Africa. Additionally, evidence suggested strong increases in suicide risk on New Year’s day in most countries with relative risks ranging from 0.93 (95% CI 0.75 to 1.14) in Japan to 1.93 (1.31 to 2.85) in Chile, whereas the evidence on Christmas day was weak. Suicide risk was associated with a weak decrease on other national holidays, except for Central and South American countries, where the risk generally increased one or two days after these holidays.

Conclusions

Suicide risk was highest on Mondays and increased on New Year’s day in most countries. However, the risk of suicide on weekends and Christmas varied by country and territory. The results of this study can help to better understand the short term variations in suicide risks and define suicide prevention action plans and awareness campaigns.
Mapping leadership, communication and collaboration in short-term distributed teams across various contexts: a scoping review
Authors: Morian Hanna , Creutzfeldt Johan , Hultin Magnus , Härgestam Maria
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Increased globalisation and technological advancements have led to the emergence of distributed teams in various sectors, including healthcare. However, our understanding of how leadership, communication and collaboration influence distributed healthcare teams remains limited.

Objectives

This study aimed to map knowledge on leadership, communication and collaboration in short-term distributed teams across various fields to gain insights that could benefit healthcare.

Design

Scoping review.

Data source

A database search of PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus and PsycINFO was conducted in May 2021 and updated in February 2023 and May 2024.

Eligibility criteria

Articles were eligible if they involved leadership, communication or collaboration in distributed short-term teams supported by synchronised audio-visual communication technology. Two researchers independently screened titles, abstracts and full texts for inclusion.

Data extraction and synthesis

Extracted data on leadership, communication and collaboration were synthesised narratively and reported in terms of patterns, advances, gaps, evidence for practice and research recommendations.

Results

Among 6591 articles, 55 met the eligibility criteria, spanning military, engineering, business, industrial and healthcare contexts. The research focus has shifted over time from adverse effects to solutions for overcoming challenges in distributed teams. Inclusive leadership is vital for engaging all team members. ‘Team opacity’, the absence of non-verbal cues and reduced awareness of team members’ actions, can occur in distributed teams relying on technology. Clear communication is crucial for avoiding misunderstandings and fostering collaboration and adaptability. Developing shared mental models and trust is more challenging, leading to uncertainty and reduced information sharing. There is a lack of studies examining how to apply this knowledge to health professionals’ education.

Conclusion

Our findings highlight the importance of implementing strategies in healthcare to enhance inclusive leadership and improve communication in distributed healthcare settings. More empirical research is needed to understand the intricacy of distributed healthcare settings and identify effective ways to train distributed healthcare teams.
Prevalence of hazardous alcohol consumption and associated factors among HIV-positive pregnant women attending public hospitals in Northwest Ethiopia: a multicentred cross-sectional study
Authors: Legas Getasew , Beyene Getnet Mihretie , Asnakew Sintayehu , Mengist Birhanu , Tedla Assasahegn , Shiferaw Kirubel , Mekonen Amsalu Belete , Abate Moges Wubneh , Nigat Adane Birhanu , Aytenew Tigabu Munye , Tibebu Nigusie Selomon , Emiru Tigabu Desie , Tiruneh Chalie Marew , Libanos Mebratu
Published: October 2024

Background

Alcohol is a major public health problem in pregnant women due to its harmful effects on pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes. Therefore, assessing the prevalence and the factors associated with hazardous alcohol consumption among HIV-positive women is important for early identification and intervention and implementation of rehabilitation centres in healthcare settings in order to prevent maternal adverse birth outcomes.

Objective

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of hazardous alcohol consumption and the associated factors among HIV-positive pregnant women attending public hospitals in Northwest Ethiopia.

Design and study setting

A facility-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among 401 HIV-positive pregnant women attending public hospitals in Northwest Ethiopia from 7 February to 7 April 2021.

Participants

From a total calculated sample size of 423, 401 HIV-positive pregnant women who had a follow-up with selected hospitals’ prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) clinics completed the interview (17 participants refused to provide information and 5 terminated the interview in the middle of it due to serious illness).

Main outcome measures

The main outcome measure of this study was hazardous alcohol consumption assessed using the Fast Alcohol Screening Test. Bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regressions were used to identify factors associated with hazardous alcohol consumption. Statistically significant associations were set at p<0.05.

Results

The overall prevalence of hazardous alcohol consumption among HIV-positive pregnant was found to be 7.7% (95% CI 5.2, 10.5). After adjusting for possible confounders, history of mental illness (adjusted OR (AOR)=3.10; 95% CI 1.19, 8.05), having comorbid psychological distress (AOR=4.39; 95% CI 1.57, 12.30), non-disclosure of HIV status to partner (AOR=3.28; 95% CI 1.21, 8.84) and poor medication adherence (AOR=2.82; 95% CI 1.20, 6.62) were significantly associated with hazardous alcohol use.

Conclusions and recommendations

The overall prevalence of hazardous alcohol consumption among HIV-positive pregnant women was high, especially among pregnant women who had a history of mental illness. Poor medication adherence, non-disclosure of HIV status to partner and having comorbid psychological distress are the main factors associated with hazardous alcohol consumption. Early detection and appropriate interventions to prevent hazardous alcohol consumption should be promoted at PMTCT clinics.
A progress in the inverse matrix method in QCD sum rules
Authors: Zhao Zhen-Xing , Xing Yi-Peng , Li Run-Hui
Published: October 2024

In traditional QCD sum rules, the simple hadron spectral density model of the “delta-function-type ground state + theta-function-type continuous spectrum” determines that there is no perfect parameter selection. In recent years, inverse problem methods, particularly the inverse matrix method, have shown better handling of QCD sum rules. This work continues to develop the inverse matrix method. Considering that the narrow-width approximation may still be a good approximation, we separate the ground state from the spectral density. We then follow the general steps of the inverse matrix method to extract physical quantities such as decay constants that we may be more interested in.
Yukawa theory in non-perturbative regimes: towards confinement, exact $$\beta $$-function and conformal phase
Authors: Frasca Marco , Ghoshal Anish
Published: October 2024

We study possible hints towards confinement in a $$\hbox {Z}_2$$

Z
2

-invariant Yukawa system with massless fermions and a real scalar field in the strongly-coupled regime. Using the tools developed for studying non-perturbative physics via Jacobi elliptical functions, for a given but not unique choice of the vacuum state, we find the exact Green’s function for the scalar sector so that, after integrating out the scalar degrees of freedom, we are able to recover the low-energy limit of the theory that is a fully non-local Nambu–Jona–Lasinio (NJL) model. We provide an analytical result for the renormalization group (RG) running of the self-interaction coupling in the scalar sector in the strongly-coupled regime. In the fermion sector, we provide some clues towards confinement, after deriving the gap equation with the non-local NJL model, a property which is well-known to not emerge in the local limit of this model. We conclude that, for the scalar-Yukawa theory in the non-perturbative domain with our choice of the vacuum state, the fundamental fermions of the theory form bound states and cannot be observed as asymptotic states.
The theoretical study of $$p\bar{p}\rightarrow \bar{\Lambda }\Sigma \eta $$ reaction
Authors: Xu Aojia , Li Ruitian , Luo Xuan , Sun Hao
Published: October 2024

We study the production of hyperon resonances in the $$p\bar{p}\rightarrow \bar{\Lambda }\Sigma \eta $$

p

p

¯

→

Λ

¯

Σ
η

reaction within an effective Lagrangian approach. The model includes the production of $$\Sigma (1750)$$

Σ
(
1750
)

and $$\Lambda (1670)$$

Λ
(
1670
)

in the intermediate state excited by the K and $$K^*$$

K
∗

meson exchanges between the initial proton and antiproton. Due to the large coupling of $$\Sigma (1750)\Sigma \eta $$

Σ
(
1750
)
Σ
η

vertex, $$\Sigma (1750)$$

Σ
(
1750
)

is found a significant contribution near the threshold in this reaction. We provide total and differential cross section predictions for the reaction and discuss the possible influence of $$\Sigma (1750)\Sigma \eta $$

Σ
(
1750
)
Σ
η

vertex coupling and model parameters, which will be useful in future experimental studies. This reaction can provide a platform for studying the features of $$\Sigma (1750)$$

Σ
(
1750
)

resonance, especially the coupling to $$\Sigma \eta $$

Σ
η

channel.
Understanding trends, patterns, and dynamics in global company acquisitions: a network perspective
Authors: Kalhor Ghazal , Bahrak Behnam
Published: October 2024

Studying acquisitions offers invaluable insights into startup trends, aiding informed investment decisions for businesses. However, the scarcity of studies in this domain prompts our focus on shedding light in this area. Employing Crunchbase data, our study delves into the global network of company acquisitions using diverse network analysis techniques. Our findings unveil an acquisition network characterized by a primarily sparse structure comprising localized dense connections. We reveal a prevalent tendency among organizations to acquire companies within their own country and industry, as well as those within the same age bracket. Furthermore, we show that the country, region, city, and category of the companies can affect the formation of acquisition relationships between them. Our temporal analysis indicates a growth in the number of weakly connected components of the network over time, accompanied by a trend toward a sparser network. Through centrality metrics computation in the cross-city acquisition network, we identify New York, London, and San Francisco as pivotal and central hubs in the global economic landscape. Finally, we show that the United States, United Kingdom, and Germany are predominant countries in international acquisitions. The insights from our research assist policymakers in crafting better regulations to foster global economic growth, and aid businesses in deciding which startups to acquire and which markets to target for expansion.
An Efficient Competitive Control Mechanism for Negative Information Spread in Online Social Networks
Authors: Lu Han , Wang Yan’e , Wu Jianhua
Published: October 2024

In online social networks (OSNs), the spread of negative information can cause social shocks, endanger public safety and harm public interests. In this paper, to reduce the impact of negative information on the network ecosystem as much as possible, we consider a competitive strategy of mainstream media coverage and construct a competitively regulated reaction–diffusion model of negative information transmission. For this model, we obtain the basic reproduction number of information propagation, the invade numbers of negative information and positive information. Besides, the local and global stabilities of equilibrium states are discussed. Further, steady bifurcation analyses from a positive information equilibrium and a negative information equilibrium are carried out. Finally, we present some numerical simulations to verify the theoretical analysis results and discuss how spatial heterogeneity affects the process of information diffusion. The conclusions are as follows: Increasing the spread of positive information, controlling the spatial heterogeneity of the transmission rate and reducing the diffusion coefficient when spatial heterogeneous transmission rate occurs are beneficial for suppressing the spread of negative information.
LEVERAGING LOTUS SEEDS’ DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS FOR FRACTAL SUPER-ROPE OPTIMIZATION
Authors: LIU YAN-PING , HE JI-HUAN , MAHMUD MD HASAN
Published: October 2024

The seeds within a lotus seedpod are distributed in an orderly fashion and safeguarded within a secure packaging system. The distribution law is thus revealed, and the packaging mechanism can be emulated for contemporary applications. This paper presents a novel and ingenious method for optimizing fractal super-ropes, inspired by the captivating distribution patterns observed in lotus seeds. The distinctive configuration of the lotus seed represents a model of natural optimization, offering insights that can enhance the exceptional performance and multifaceted functionality of super-ropes utilized in the construction of formidable aircraft carriers, elegantly designed cable-stayed bridges, and stab, bulletproof fabrics. The lotus seedpod provides the fundamental structural framework upon which super-ropes with a sophisticated hierarchical configuration are meticulously constructed. The five super-ropes are presented for detailed examination, offering a promising avenue for further investigation. This paper presents a novel geometrical approach to the optimal design of super-ropes, thereby establishing a promising foundation for extensive future research.
A Prioritization Method for Combinatorial Test Cases Based on Convolutional Neural Network with Wide Multi-Layer Kernels and Its Application
Authors: Sheng Yunlong , Yang Siting , Zhuang Xuye , Yin Jiancheng , Yuan Xinjia
Published: October 2024

When the quantity of parameters or values in systems being tested is substantial, there is a significant escalation in the number of combinatorial test cases. The execution of all test cases will require a substantial allocation of time and resources. Prioritization technology enables early detection of system faults and enhances test efficiency. Most existing prioritization methods rely on historical empirical data, which can be challenging to obtain in many cases. In the meantime, random prioritization often leads to lower fault detection rates. This paper presents a prioritization method for combinatorial test cases based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) model. The weights of suspected fault-inducing interactions are initially extracted through a convolution operation in the subset of upfront test cases. Second, the features related to fault-inducing interactions are derived using wide multi-layer kernels convolutional neural network (WCNN). Third, the deep WCNN-SVM model undergoes training and makes predictions on the entire set of test cases. The predicted results are then combined with weights to prioritize combinatorial test cases. Test cases of equal priority are adjusted based on distance entropy. Application experiments on UAV demonstrate that the proposed method effectively enhances both fault detection speed and fault detection rate.
Does Speculation Matter in the Carbon Pricing Framework? Insights from the EU Emissions Trading System
Authors: ISAH Kazeem O. , EBEH Joy E. A. , ABOLUWODI Damilola , ALIU Monday , MOHAMMED Salam S. , YAKUBU Yusuf , ALI Muhammad
Published: October 2024

To align with the global goal of keeping temperature below [Formula: see text]C, a market-based initiative, “Emissions Trading System” (ETS), has been developed to mitigate climate change. However, while the carbon allowances traded at the ETS are mostly held and traded by polluting companies, financial actors engage in “speculation”, activities that might be detrimental to the functioning of the ETS have also invested in the ETS. By drawing from the big data archive of Google Trends, we construct a news-based speculation index to proxy for the role of speculation in the dynamics of carbon pricing. Given our preliminary finding of inherent volatility and the mixed-frequency nature of the dataset, we employ the GARCH-MIDAS econometric technique to test the hypothesis that an all-inclusive framework that reflects the emission compliance and emissions non-compliance dynamics of the ETS is the most accurate approach to modeling carbon prices. We show that higher speculation in the ETS fosters higher long-term volatility in carbon prices, that speculation is a good predictor of carbon prices, and that its positive impact on carbon price returns makes the ETS an attractive investment opportunity. We provide a data-driven framework upon which the growing debate about whether the behavior of the non-compliance emission actors in the ETS endangers or benefits the functioning of the ETS can be evaluated empirically.
Analysis of Galvanostatic Data from Electrochemical Capacitors
Authors: Cameron Amanda P. , Mujammami Fahad J. , Donne Scott W.
Published: October 2024

The ability to deconvolute charge storage mechanisms in electrochemical capacitor materials and systems is essential for understanding and improving behaviour. From an electrochemical perspective, this deconvolution can be achieved through an understanding of the expected response of a particular contribution. Voltametric measurements can be deconvoluted through the current response relative to the applied sweep rate. Herein we describe an analogous approach for galvanostatic data in which the charge or discharge time is related to the applied current (I). Specifically, capacitive charge storage is shown proportional to I−1, while diffusional processes are proportional to I2. Coupling this with a constant contribution from ohmic and residual charge storage processes allows for an effective approach to deconvolution for galvanostatic data. This is demonstrated with data from a glassy carbon electrode in non-aqueous electrolyte (an expected electrical double layer system) and from a manganese dioxide electrode in aqueous electrolyte (an expected pseudo-capacitive system).