bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and Process Optimization of a New Reaction Cavity for High-Temperature MOCVD AlGaN Growth
Authors: An Jiadai , Dai Xianying , Feng Lansheng , Li Zhiming , Zheng Jieming , Song Jianjun , Zhao Tianlong
Published: July 2021

AlGaN offers new opportunities for the development of the solid-state ultraviolet (UV) luminescence, detectors and high-power electronic devices, however, problems such as low growth rate and poor crystallization quality are common in the growing process of AlGaN material. In this paper, a new reaction cavity for high-temperature MOCVD AlGaN growth was carried out through the research of resistance heated, and the thermal field of high-temperature MOCVD growth was numerically simulated. Based on the high-temperature MOCVD reaction cavity, an orthogonal experimental method was used to simulate the process parameters, and the range, variance and matrix analysis were conducted on the calculation results. The finite element analysis was conducted on the temperature field, pressure field, velocity field, and the high-temperature MOCVD AlGaN growth model was established.
On generalized neighbor sum distinguishing index of planar graphs
Authors: Feng Jieru , Wang Yue , Wu Jianliang
Published: July 2021

For a proper [Formula: see text]-edge coloring [Formula: see text] of a graph [Formula: see text], let [Formula: see text] denote the sum of the colors taken on the edges incident to the vertex [Formula: see text]. Given a positive integer [Formula: see text], the [Formula: see text]-neighbor sum distinguishing [Formula: see text]-edge coloring of G is [Formula: see text] such that for each edge [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]. We denote the smallest integer [Formula: see text] in such coloring of [Formula: see text] by [Formula: see text]. For [Formula: see text], Wang et al. proved that [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we show that if G is a planar graph without isolated edges, then [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text].
Deep learning-based approximation of Goldbach partition function
Authors: Kim Eunmi
Published: July 2021

Goldbach’s conjecture is one of the oldest and famous unproved problems in number theory. Using a deep learning model, we obtain an approximation of the Goldbach partition function, which counts the number of ways of representing an even number greater than 4 as a sum of two primes. We use residues of number modulo first 25 primes as features and archive a more accurate approximation, which reduces error rate from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text].
Competitive analysis for two variants of online metric matching problem
Authors: Itoh Toshiya , Miyazaki Shuichi , Satake Makoto
Published: July 2021

In the online metric matching problem, there are servers on a given metric space and requests are given one-by-one. The task of an online algorithm is to match each request immediately and irrevocably with one of the unused servers. In this paper, we pursue competitive analysis for two variants of the online metric matching problem. The first variant is a restriction where each server is placed at one of two positions, which is denoted by OMM([Formula: see text]). We show that a simple greedy algorithm achieves the competitive ratio of 3 for OMM([Formula: see text]). We also show that this greedy algorithm is optimal by showing that the competitive ratio of any deterministic online algorithm for OMM([Formula: see text]) is at least 3. The second variant is the online facility assignment problem on a line. In this problem, the metric space is a line, the servers have capacities, and the distances between any two consecutive servers are the same. We denote this problem by OFAL([Formula: see text]), where [Formula: see text] is the number of servers. We first observe that the upper and lower bounds for OMM([Formula: see text]) also hold for OFAL([Formula: see text]), so the competitive ratio for OFAL([Formula: see text]) is exactly 3. We then show lower bounds on the competitive ratio [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] for OFAL([Formula: see text]), OFAL([Formula: see text]) and OFAL([Formula: see text]), respectively.
Efficient parallelization of SPH algorithm on modern multi-core CPUs and massively parallel GPUs
Authors: Jagtap Pravin , Nasre Rupesh , Sanapala V. S. , Patnaik B. S. V.
Published: July 2021

Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) is fast emerging as a practically useful computational simulation tool for a wide variety of engineering problems. SPH is also gaining popularity as the back bone for fast and realistic animations in graphics and video games. The Lagrangian and mesh-free nature of the method facilitates fast and accurate simulation of material deformation, interface capture, etc. Typically, particle-based methods would necessitate particle search and locate algorithms to be implemented efficiently, as continuous creation of neighbor particle lists is a computationally expensive step. Hence, it is advantageous to implement SPH, on modern multi-core platforms with the help of High-Performance Computing (HPC) tools. In this work, the computational performance of an SPH algorithm is assessed on multi-core Central Processing Unit (CPU) as well as massively parallel General Purpose Graphical Processing Units (GP-GPU). Parallelizing SPH faces several challenges such as, scalability of the neighbor search process, force calculations, minimizing thread divergence, achieving coalesced memory access patterns, balancing workload, ensuring optimum use of computational resources, etc. While addressing some of these challenges, detailed analysis of performance metrics such as speedup, global load efficiency, global store efficiency, warp execution efficiency, occupancy, etc. is evaluated. The OpenMP and Compute Unified Device Architecture[Formula: see text] parallel programming models have been used for parallel computing on Intel Xeon[Formula: see text] E5-[Formula: see text] multi-core CPU and NVIDIA Quadro M[Formula: see text] and NVIDIA Tesla p[Formula: see text] massively parallel GPU architectures. Standard benchmark problems from the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) literature are chosen for the validation. The key concern of how to identify a suitable architecture for mesh-less methods which essentially require heavy workload of neighbor search and evaluation of local force fields from neighbor interactions is addressed.
Modeling the epidemic dynamics of COVID-19: Agent-based approach including molecular dynamics simulation and SEIR type methods
Authors: Aghaei Fatemeh , Lohrasebi Amir
Published: July 2021

In this study, we developed a SEIR model, including social interactions and individual human mobility in everyday activities. For this purpose, daily mobility of people was considered by using the molecular dynamic method and the virus spreading was modeled employing the ordinary SEIR scheme. Utilizing this model, the variation of population size, density, and health strategy as well as the effect of busy places such as malls, were considered. The results show that our flexible model is able to consider the effects of different parameters such as distance between peoples, local population density and health strategy in the outbreak.
Optimal Autonomous Pursuit of an Intruder on a Grid Aided by Local Node and Edge Sensors
Authors: Swar Sufal Chandra , Manickam Suresh , Casbeer David , Kalyanam Krishna , Darbha Swaroop
Published: July 2021

Timely detection of intruders ensures the safety and security of high valued assets within a protected area. This problem takes on particular significance across international borders and becomes challenging when the terrain is porous, rugged and treacherous in nature. Keeping an effective vigil against intruders on large tracts of land is a tedious task; currently, it is primarily performed by security personnel with automatic detection systems in passive supporting roles. This paper discusses an alternate autonomous approach by utilizing one or more Unmanned Vehicles (UVs), aided by smart sensors on the ground, to detect and localize an intruder. To facilitate autonomous UV operations, the region is equipped with Unattended Ground Sensors (UGSs) and laser fencing. Together, these sensors provide time-stamped location information (node and edge detection) of the intruder to a UV. For security reasons, we assume that the sensors are not networked (a central node can be disabled bringing the whole system down) and so, the UVs must visit the vicinity of the sensors to gather the information therein. This makes the problem challenging in that pursuit must be done with local and likely delayed information. We discretize time and space by considering a 2D grid for the area and unit speed for the UV, i.e. it takes one time unit to travel from one node to an adjacent node. The intruder is slower and takes two time steps to complete the same move. We compute the min–max optimal, i.e. minimum number of steps to capture the intruder under worst-case intruder actions, for different number of rows and columns in the grid and for both one and two pursuers.
Basel regulatory capital formula revised
Authors: Yang Yimin , Wu Min
Published: July 2021

Credit capital requirement is a key component of Basel implementation to assess a bank’s capital adequacy. Under the Internal Rating-Based approach, some risk parameters, including Asset Correlation, are implicit assumptions that cannot be observed directly. While some heuristic formulae of Asset Correlation for different business segments are provided by Basel, they may not be fully consistent with each bank’s loss experience and thus may cause systematic underestimation of banks’ capital requirement. To address this issue, we derive an equivalent capital formula in such way that the unobservable Asset Correlation is replaced by an observable and well-understood parameter called Default Volatility, which can be calibrated based on banks’ historical loss experience. This new approach simplifies parameter estimation process without requiring additional data, as well as making risk analysis such as stress testing more credible.
The Risk Perception, Behavior of the Public and Public Emotional Guidance Under Emergency of Public Health Research
Authors: Zong Hui-Min , Wang Yu-Jia , Shi Lin-Ling , Wu Yi-Bo
Published: July 2021

The psychological changes and behavior of the public in the face of public health emergencies are the important reference for emergency decision-making. This paper systematically reviews the risk perception, behavior and emotion under public health emergencies, and attempts to provide a theoretical framework for the in-depth study of the relationship and influencing factors among the three, so as to further explore the impact of emergency communication resource allocation on public risk perception, behavior and emotion. To provide a theoretical basis for the establishment of a multi-level and comprehensive emotional guidance mechanism.
Relating Blindsight and AI: A Review
Authors: Bensemann Joshua , Bao Qiming , Gendron Gaël , Hartill Tim , Witbrock Michael
Published: July 2021

Processes occurring in brains, a.k.a. biological neural networks, can and have been modeled within artificial neural network architectures. Due to this, we have conducted a review of research on the phenomenon of blindsight in an attempt to generate ideas for artificial intelligence models. Blindsight can be considered as a diminished form of visual experience. If we assume that artificial networks have no form of visual experience, then deficits caused by blindsight give us insights into the processes occurring within visual experience that we can incorporate into artificial neural networks. This paper has been structured into three parts. Section 2 is a review of blindsight research, looking specifically at the errors occurring during this condition compared to normal vision. Section 3 identifies overall patterns from Sec. 2 to generate insights for computational models of vision. Section 4 demonstrates the utility of examining biological research to inform artificial intelligence research by examining computational models of visual attention relevant to one of the insights generated in Sec. 3. The research covered in Sec. 4 shows that incorporating one of our insights into computational vision does benefit those models. Future research will be required to determine whether our other insights are as valuable.
Photographic feature: The Southwell Topple – reassessment of a very large coastal toppling failure on the Isle of Portland, UK
Authors: Dykes Alan P. , Bromhead Edward N.
Published: July 2021

The Southwell Topple is a spectacular example of a toppling failure on the southeastern coastline of the Isle of Portland, on the south coast of England. Types of mass movements, which occur around almost the entire coastline of Portland and include some other much smaller but well-known topples, vary depending on local geological and topographical contexts. The ‘Southwell Landslide’ of 1734 (i.e. the Southwell Topple) differs in most respects from all the others, not least in its size. We examine the historical and geological contexts of the Southwell Topple in order to explain its origins and characteristics. The recently published bathymetric data from the DORIS project reveals the tectonic context for the landslide, particularly the frequent transform faults parallel to the southeastern coastline of Portland and the axis of the Shambles Syncline forming Portland's ‘central depression’. It appears that the Southwell Topple resulted from coast-parallel tectonic discontinuities – probably a single joint and/or transform fault – through the Portland Stone combined with preferential marine erosion of the underlying weaker Portland Sand.
Data Modeling and NoSQL Databases - A Systematic Mapping Review
Authors: Vera-Olivera Harley , Guo Ruizhe , Huacarpuma Ruben Cruz , Da Silva Ana Paula Bernardi , Mariano Ari Melo , Holanda Maristela
Published: July 2021

Modeling is one of the most important steps in developing a database. In traditional databases, the
Entity Relationship (ER)
and
Unified Modeling Language (UML)
models are widely used. But how are NoSQL databases being modeled? We performed a systematic mapping review to answer three research questions to identify and analyze the levels of representation, models used, and contexts where the modeling process occurred in the main categories of NoSQL databases. We found 54 primary studies where we identified that conceptual and logical levels received more attention than the physical level of representation. The UML, ER, and new notation based on ER and UML were adapted to model NoSQL databases, in the same way, formats such as JSON, XML, and XMI were used to generate schemas through the three levels of representation. New contexts such as benchmark, evaluations, migration, and schema generation were identified, as well as new features to be considered for modeling NoSQL databases, such as the number of records by entities, CRUD operations, and system requirements (availability, consistency, or scalability). Additionally, a coupling and co-citation analysis was carried out to identify relevant works and researchers.
Generative Adversarial Networks
Authors: Cai Zhipeng , Xiong Zuobin , Xu Honghui , Wang Peng , Li Wei , Pan Yi
Published: July 2021

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have promoted a variety of applications in computer vision and natural language processing, among others, due to its generative model’s compelling ability to generate realistic examples plausibly drawn from an existing distribution of samples. GAN not only provides impressive performance on data generation-based tasks but also stimulates fertilization for privacy and security oriented research because of its game theoretic optimization strategy. Unfortunately, there are no comprehensive surveys on GAN in privacy and security, which motivates this survey to summarize systematically. The existing works are classified into proper categories based on privacy and security functions, and this survey conducts a comprehensive analysis of their advantages and drawbacks. Considering that GAN in privacy and security is still at a very initial stage and has imposed unique challenges that are yet to be well addressed, this article also sheds light on some potential privacy and security applications with GAN and elaborates on some future research directions.
By the Crowd and for the Crowd: Perceived Utility and Willingness to Contribute to Trustworthiness Indicators on Social Media
Authors: Grandhi Sukeshini , Plotnick Linda , Hiltz Starr Roxanne
Published: July 2021

This study explores how people perceive the potential utility of trustworthiness indicators and how willing they are to consider contributing to them as a way to combat the problem of misinformation and disinformation on social media. Analysis of qualitative and quantitative data from the survey (N=376) indicates that a majority of respondents believe trustworthiness indicators would be valuable as they can reduce uncertainty and provide guidance on how to interact with content. However, perceptions of how and when these indicators can provide value vary widely in detail. A majority of respondents are also willing to contribute to trustworthiness indicators on social media to some extent due to their sense of duty and personal expertise in information verification practices but are very wary of the effort or burden it would place on them. Respondents who did not want to use or contribute to trustworthiness indicators attributed it to their lack of faith in the concept of trustworthiness indicators stemming from perceived inherent and unsurmountable biases on social media. Together our findings highlight the complexity of designing, structuring and presenting trustworthiness indicators keeping in mind the diverse set of user attitudes and perceptions.
Principles of odor coding in vertebrates and artificial chemosensory systems
Authors: Manzini Ivan , Schild Detlev , Di Natale Corrado
Published: July 2021

The biological olfactory system is the sensory system responsible for the detection of the chemical composition of the environment. Several attempts to mimic biological olfactory systems have led to various artificial olfactory systems using different technical approaches. Here we provide a parallel description of biological olfactory systems and their technical counterparts. We start with a presentation of the input to the systems, the stimuli, and treat the interface between the external world and the environment where receptor neurons or artificial chemosensors reside. We then delineate the functions of receptor neurons and chemosensors as well as their overall input-output (I/O) relationships. Up to this point, our accounts of the systems go along similar lines. The next processing steps differ considerably: whereas in biology the processing step following the receptor neurons is the “integration” and “processing” of receptor neuron outputs in the olfactory bulb, this step has various realizations in electronic noses. For a long period of time, the signal processing stages beyond the olfactory bulb, i.e., the higher olfactory centers, were little studied. Only recently has there been a marked growth of studies tackling the information processing in these centers. In electronic noses, a third stage of processing has virtually never been considered. In this review, we provide an up-to-date overview of the current knowledge of both fields and, for the first time, attempt to tie them together. We hope it will be a breeding ground for better information, communication, and data exchange between very related but so far little-connected fields.
First Schistosomal Cholecystitis Complicated by Cholangitis and Liver Abscess: Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Toffaha Ali , Al Hyassat Samir , Elmoghazy Walid , Khalaf Hatem , Elaffandi Ahmed
Published: July 2021

Schistosomiasis is one of the most prevalent parasitic infections in the developing world. When it affects the gastrointestinal system specifically the liver, it causes periportal fibrosis followed by cirrhosis. Cholecystitis however is a rare presentation, and associated liver abscess has certainly never been reported to date. We report a case of acute cholecystitis complicated by cholangitis and liver abscess in a 46-year-old man. After complex course of treatment, he had laparoscopic cholecystectomy, and the histology report confirmed schistosomiasis. Gallbladder schistosomiasis is an uncommon disease that is associated with dense fibrotic changes that strongly mimics xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis. Liver abscess may occur during the disease evolution especially in patient originating from endemic backgrounds. We present the case and a comprehensive literature review.
Ranking Methods for Multicriteria Decision-Making: Application to Benchmarking of Solvers and Problems
Authors: Gogodze Joseph
Published: July 2021

Evaluating the performance assessments of solvers (e.g., for computation programs), known as the solver benchmarking problem, has become a topic of intense study, and various approaches have been discussed in the literature. Such a variety of approaches exist because a benchmark problem is essentially a multicriteria problem. In particular, the appropriate multicriteria decision-making problem can correspond naturally to each benchmark problem and vice versa. In this study, to solve the solver benchmarking problem, we apply the ranking-theory method recently proposed for solving multicriteria decision-making problems. The benchmarking problem of differential evolution algorithms was considered for a case study to illustrate the ability of the proposed method. This problem was solved using ranking methods from different areas of origin. The comparisons revealed that the proposed method is competitive and can be successfully used to solve benchmarking problems and obtain relevant engineering decisions. This study can help practitioners and researchers use multicriteria decision-making approaches for benchmarking problems in different areas, particularly software benchmarking.
A New Lectin from Auricularia auricula Inhibited the Proliferation of Lung Cancer Cells and Improved Pulmonary Flora
Authors: Liu ZhenDong , Li Liang , Xue Bei , Zhao DanDan , Zhang YanLong , Yan XiuFeng
Published: July 2021

Lectins are widely distributed in the natural world and are usually involved in antitumor activities. Auricularia auricula (A. auricula) is a medicinal and edible homologous fungus. A. auricula contains many active ingredients, such as polysaccharides, melanin, flavonoids, adenosine, sterols, alkaloids, and terpenes. In this study, we expected to isolate and purify lectin from A. auricula, determine the glycoside bond type and sugar‐specific protein of A. auricula lectin (AAL), and finally, determine its antitumor activities. We used ammonium sulfate fractionation, ion exchange chromatography, and affinity chromatography to separate and purify lectin from A. auricula. The result was a 25 kDa AAL with a relative molecular mass of 18913.22. Protein identification results suggested that this lectin contained four peptide chains by comparing with the UniProt database. The FT‐IR and β‐elimination reaction demonstrated that the connection between the oligosaccharide and polypeptide of AAL was an N‐glucoside bond. Analyses of its physical and chemical properties showed that AAL was a temperature‐sensitive and acidic/alkaline‐dependent glycoprotein. Additionally, the anticancer experiment manifested that AAL inhibited the proliferation of A549, and the IC50 value was 28.19 ± 1.92 μg/mL. RNA sequencing dataset analyses detected that AAL may regulate the expression of JUN, TLR4, and MYD88 to suppress tumor proliferation. Through the pulmonary flora analysis, the bacterial structure of each phylum in the lectin treatment group was more reasonable, and the colonization ability of the normal microflora was improved, indicating that lectin treatment could significantly improve the bacterial diversity characteristics.
Study on Microbial Community Succession and Functional Analysis during Biodegradation of Mushroom Residue
Authors: Wang Chaonan , Wang Yuxin , Ru Hua , He Ting , Sun Nan
Published: July 2021

In this study, 16S rRNA high‐throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the composition and diversity of bacterial and fungal communities in mushroom residue samples at different composting stages. During the composting process, the maximum temperature in the center of the pile can reach 52.4°C, and the temperature above 50°C has been maintained for about 8 days. The results showed that Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Chloroflexi were the main microorganisms in the composting process, accounting for 98.9%‐99.7% of the total bacteria. Furthermore, in order to obtain the protein expressed in each stage of composting, the nonstandard quantitative method (label free) was used to analyze it quantitatively by mass spectrometry, anda total of 22815 proteins were identified. It indicated that the number of identified proteins related to cellulose decomposition and the number of differentially expressed proteins were significantly enriched, and the functional proteins related to cellulose decomposition had significant stage correspondence.
Stability and Bifurcation Analysis of a Discrete Singular Bioeconomic System
Authors: Din Qamar , Yousef A. M. , Elsadany A. A.
Published: July 2021

The main concern of this paper is to discuss stability and bifurcation analysis for a class of discrete predator-prey interaction with Holling type II functional response and harvesting effort. Firstly, we establish a discrete singular bioeconomic system, which is based on the discretization of a system of differential algebraic equations. It is shown that the discretized system exhibits much richer dynamical behaviors than its corresponding continuous counterpart. Our investigation reveals that, in the discretized system, two types of bifurcations (i.e., period-doubling and Neimark–Sacker bifurcations) can be studied; however, the dynamics of the continuous model includes only Hopf bifurcation. Moreover, the state delayed feedback control method is implemented for controlling the chaotic behavior of the bioeconomic model. Numerical simulations are presented to illustrate the theoretical analysis. The maximal Lyapunov exponents (MLE) are computed numerically to ensure further dynamical behaviors and complexity of the model.
A New Hybrid Forecasting Model Based on SW‐LSTM and Wavelet Packet Decomposition: A Case Study of Oil Futures Prices
Authors: Wang Jie , Wang Jun
Published: July 2021

The crude oil futures prices forecasting is a significant research topic for the management of the energy futures market. In order to optimize the accuracy of energy futures prices prediction, a new hybrid model is established in this paper which combines wavelet packet decomposition (WPD) based on long short‐term memory network (LSTM) with stochastic time effective weight (SW) function method (WPD‐SW‐LSTM). In the proposed framework, WPD is a signal processing method employed to decompose the original series into subseries with different frequencies and the SW‐LSTM model is constructed based on random theory and the principle of LSTM network. To investigate the prediction performance of the new forecasting approach, SVM, BPNN, LSTM, WPD‐BPNN, WPD‐LSTM, CEEMDAN‐LSTM, VMD‐LSTM, and ST‐GRU are considered as comparison models. Moreover, a new error measurement method (multiorder multiscale complexity invariant distance, MMCID) is improved to evaluate the forecasting results from different models, and the numerical results demonstrate that the high‐accuracy forecast of oil futures prices is realized.
Reduced TGF‐β Expression and CD206‐Positive Resident Macrophages in the Intervertebral Discs of Aged Mice
Authors: Yokozeki Yuji , Kawakubo Ayumu , Miyagi Masayuki , Kuroda Akiyoshi , Sekiguchi Hiroyuki , Inoue Gen , Takaso Masashi , Uchida Kentaro
Published: July 2021

Age is a key factor in intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration; however, the changes that occur in IVDs with age are not fully understood. Tissue‐resident macrophages are critical for tissue homeostasis and are regulated by transforming growth factor‐ (TGF‐) β. We examined changes in the proportion of resident macrophages in young versus aged mice and the role of TGF‐β in regulating resident macrophages in IVDs. IVDs were harvested from 4‐month (young) and 18‐month‐old (aged) C57BL/6J mice. The proportion of macrophages in IVDs was determined using flow cytometry (n = 5 for each time point) and the expression of Cd11b, Cd206, and Tgfb genes, which encode CD11b, CD206, and TGF‐β protein, respectively, using real‐time PCR. To study the role of TGF‐β in the polarization of resident macrophages, resident macrophages isolated from IVDs from young and aged mice were treated with recombinant TGF‐β with and without a TGF‐β inhibitor (SB431542). Additionally, SB431542 was intraperitoneally injected into young and aged mice, and Cd206 expression was examined using real‐time PCR (n = 10 for each time point). The proportion of CD11b+ and CD11b+ CD206+ cells was significantly reduced in aged versus young mice, as was Cd11b, Cd206, and Tgfb expression. TGF‐β/IL10 stimulation significantly increased the expression of Cd206, an M2 macrophage marker, in disc macrophages from both young and aged mice. Meanwhile, administration of a TGF‐β inhibitor significantly reduced Cd206 expression compared to vehicle control in both groups. Conclusion. Resident macrophages decrease with age in IVDs, which may be associated with the concomitant decrease in TGF‐β. Our findings provide new insight into the mechanisms of age‐related IVD pathology.
Gonadal Hormone Substitution in People with Prader-Labhart-Willi Syndrome: An International Prader-Willi Syndrome Organisation Survey
Authors: Eiholzer Urs , Stephan Anika , Fritz Christiane , Katschnig Claudia , Noordam Cees ,   on behalf of the Clinical and Scientific Advisory Board of the International Prader-Willi Syndrome Organisation (IPWSO)
Published: July 2021

Background: Prader-Labhart-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by intellectual disability, behavioural problems, hypothalamic dysfunction, and specific dysmorphisms. Hypothalamic dysfunction causes growth hormone deficiency, dysregulation of energy balance, and hypogonadism. Although hypogonadism is prevalent in PWS, there are no clear guidelines for diagnosis and treatment. In particular, gonadal hormone substitution is a matter of debate due to concerns associated with the potentially induced aggressive behaviour, foremost in males, by sex steroids. Methods: In 2019, a workshop dedicated to hypogonadism was held prior to the 10th International PWS Organization Conference. In this context, we designed a questionnaire to assess “the current standard of care” of hypogonadism in children and adults with PWS, which was sent out to physicians caring for people with PWS worldwide. Results: Responses were received from a total of 24 centres located in 19 countries. Participating centres treat a total number of at least 1,000 children and adults with PWS. Responses showed limited consensus on who should be treated or at what age treatment should commence. Remarkably, very few behavioural problems were attributed to hormone substitution. Conclusion: Based on our findings, we make recommendations to progress the knowledge on hypogonadism in PWS and improve daily practice.
MERKEZ BANKASI KREDİBİLİTESİNİN ENFLASYON ORANI ÜZERİNDEKİ ASİMETRİK ETKİSİ –TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ–
Authors: VARLIK Nimet , VARLIK Serdar
Published: July 2021

Bu çalışmada Ekim 2010-Mart 2021 dönemi için TCMB’nin kredibilitesinin TÜFE enflasyon oranı üzerindeki kısa ve uzun dönem asimetrik etkileri Shin vd. (2014) tarafından geliştirilen NARDL yöntemi kullanılarak incelenmektedir. Çalışmada elde edilen ampirik bulgular şöyledir: (i) Uzun dönem katsayılarının negatif ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunması, merkez bankası kredibilitesinde meydana gelen artışların enflasyon oranını düşürdüğünü, merkez bankası kredibilitesindeki düşüşlerin ise enflasyon oranını yükselttiğini göstermektedir. (ii) Dinamik asimetrik çarpan bulgularına göre; kredibilite azaldığında, enflasyon oranı dördüncü ayda başlayıp altıncı ayın sonuna kadar istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir şekilde artmaktadır. (iii) Kredibilitedeki düşüş sonucunda enflasyon oranındaki artışın kredibilitedeki artış sonucunda enflasyon oranındaki düşüşten daha büyük olması, kredibilitenin bozulmasının TCMB’nin enflasyonu kontrol etme yeteneğini zayıflattığı şeklinde yorumlanabilir. (iv) Ayrıca döviz kurundaki ve petrol fiyatlarındaki değişimlerin enflasyon oranına geçiş etkisinin uzun dönemde devam ettiği görülmektedir.
Civilizing the Past: Egyptian Irrigation in the Colonial Imagination
Authors: Haug Brendan
Published: July 2021

Reviews of the historiography of irrigation regularly single out Karl August Wittfogel’s “hydraulic hypothesis” as a uniquely deleterious contribution to the study of ancient water management. His errors notwithstanding, this article argues that the ideological misshaping of Western scholarship on irrigation instead emerged from Egypt’s long colonial experience. First articulated in the Napoleonic Description de l’Égypte, the theory of a centralized, ancient Egyptian “hydraulic state” was crafted to justify French attempts to reshape Egypt’s irrigated landscape. British hydraulic engineers later received and refined this narrative during the British colonial period. Their popularizing discourse retrojected the technocratic character of modern irrigation into antiquity, defining the Egyptian “irrigation system” as a static and unchanging fusion of hydraulic expertise and state power. Widely disseminated in specialist and popular fora, this tendentious argument had become received wisdom by the beginning of the twentieth century and subtly shaped early Egyptological descriptions of irrigation in antiquity.
The Riddle of the Tachat Family
Authors: Bělohoubková Dana
Published: July 2021

At the end of the Eighteenth and beginning of the Nineteenth Dynasty, several attestations of women named Tachat with the title wr.t ḫnr n jmn are possible to observe. These women all had a family background associated with service in the temple, mainly with the cult of Amun. This article brings these women together, and shows that the line of holders of this post in the Amun temple could imply the continuation of possible family ties among these female temple personnel. The family tree covers a rather long period of time for the women in question, who held this post in the cult of Amun even during the Amarna Period, demonstrating that some officials in Thebes were able to worship Amun even during the Amarna Period.
Name Rings Associated with the “Royal Kiosk Icon” in the Theban Tombs during the Eighteenth Dynasty
Authors: Peirce Laura
Published: July 2021

The name rings depicted in the Theban tombs dating to the Eighteenth Dynasty are similar to those found on monumental topographical lists, though they seem to belong to a completely different motif: the Nine Bows. The Nine Bows are a list of nine lands considered to be the “enemies of Egypt,” a list that can be seen to fluctuate over time in parallel to the socio-political context. This article covers the phenomenon of name rings in the Theban tombs as a component of the “Royal Kiosk Icon,” examining their iconography and overall form to articulate typological differences for dating purposes, together with a brief discussion on their meaning and placement within the tombs themselves.
Introducing Taiwanese-Language Cinema in Europe
Authors: Berry Chris
Published: July 2021

How do you get people interested in something they know nothing about? Something old, forgotten—and in black and white with subtitles? ‘Taiwan’s Lost Commercial Cinema: Recovered and Restored’ is a project to screen old Taiwanese-language films (taiyupian), mostly from the 1960s, in Europe. It was a learning experience in working with Taiwanese culture in Europe. This report is my effort to reflect on that experience and I try to answer two questions. First, what is so interesting about these films? Second, why was it so difficult to make the initial breakthrough and what made it possible in the end? There are many different elements at play. But I have come to understand that the environment for screening alternative, archive, and art films has changed over the decades to create both new problems and new possibilities, among which the potential for universities to be cultural incubators has been crucial.
Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the Paguristes tortugae Schmitt, 1933 complex and selected other Paguroidea (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura)
Authors: CRAIG CATHERINE W. , FELDER DARRYL L.
Published: July 2021

Morphological characters, as presently applied to describe members of the Paguristes tortugae Schmitt, 1933 species complex, appear to be of limited value in inferring phylogenetic relationships within the genus, and may have similarly misinformed understanding of relationships between members of this complex and those presently assigned to the related genera Areopaguristes Rahayu & McLaughlin, 2010 and Pseudopaguristes McLaughlin, 2002. Previously undocumented observations of similarities and differences in color patterns among populations additionally suggest genetic divergences within some species, or alternatively seem to support phylogenetic groupings of some species. In the present study, a Maximum Likelihood (ML) phylogenetic analysis was undertaken based on the H3, 12S mtDNA, and 16S mtDNA sequences of 148 individuals, primarily representatives of paguroid species from the western Atlantic. This molecular analysis supported a polyphyletic Diogenidae Ortmann, 1892, although incomplete taxonomic sampling among the genera of Diogenidae limits the utility of this finding for resolving family level relationships. Several hypotheses regarding the evolutionary relationships among hermit crab genera were refuted by the Kishino-Hasegawa (KH). Shimodaira-Hasegawa (SH) and Approximately Unbiased (AU) tree topology tests, among them the hypothesis that Areopaguristes is monophyletic. A lack of support for the monophyly of Areopaguristes calls into question the phylogenetic validity of gill number for the differentiation of Paguristes, Areopaguristes, and Pseudopaguristes. The study was inconclusive with regard to the relationships among these three genera, but previously unknown diversity within both Paguristes and Areopaguristes was demonstrated. Existence of an undescribed species confounded under the name Paguristes tortugae Schmitt, 1933 was supported by genetics, morphology, and coloration. A second undescribed species with remarkable similarity to Areopaguristes hummi Wass, 1955 was discovered based on genetics and coloration.
The effects of demography, expectations and student attitudes on Australian secondary school teachers’ homework practices
Authors: Bowd Justin , Bowles Terry , McKenzie Vicki
Published: July 2021

Homework has been associated with a range of academic and cognitive benefits for secondary students. Research has also revealed that students’ homework behaviours can vary with demographic traits. An important factor that may account for some of this variation is the role played by teachers and schools in homework allocation. It is hypothesised that some of the demographic variables that have been found to predict individual students’ homework practices are also related to teachers’ practices in terms of the frequency and volume of homework allocated at the classroom level. To test this hypothesis, Australian data from the 2015 Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study are analysed in the current study. Results show that the frequency of mathematics homework allocated by teachers is related to some variables that have commonly predicted the differences in student achievement such as socioeconomic status, valuing of and confidence in mathematics, teaching experience and school location. The implications of these findings for schools and education systems are explored as suggestions for ensuring that homework policies and practices do not exacerbate demographic differences in school outcomes.
Research strengths and future perspectives on fiber reclamation of reinforced polymers
Authors: Gagliardi F , Conte R , Ambrogio G
Published: July 2021

Polymers constitute the most employed reinforced matrices to achieve composite materials. Carbon and glass fibers are the reinforcements that are mainly utilized to improve specific properties for both thermoplastics and thermosets creating a new class of materials, which has been applied in several industrial fields. Various products made of fiber reinforced polymers are available on the market and at their own end-of-life, they must be reclaimed and remanufactured, properly, in an ideal recycling circular economy. The aim of this review is to point out the progress on fiber reclaiming from these materials, providing an overview on the most employed strategies and highlighting their main technological limits. Specifically, first, mechanical, thermal and chemical reclaiming processes have been contextualized introducing their peculiarities. Subsequently, the attention has been focalized on the new research trends proposed in the last years showing the direction, where the research is moving to. The processes have been also classified in terms of tensile strength of the reclaimed fibers and in terms of the energy required to be performed. Finally, design for reclaiming and remanufacturing treatments have been also considered pointing out the different approaches that can be pursued as valuable solutions to strengthen the recycling capabilities encouraging as much as possible the recovering of the polymeric matrix composites.
Cornhusk retting by pectinase enzyme combined with NaOH and effects on fiber properties
Authors: Tian Yinghua , Jin Haiyan , Liu Xiaolan , Zhang Yufei , Wu Hongyan
Published: July 2021

Cornhusk fiber is a kind of biodegradable lignocellulosic fiber. The conditions of enzyme and NaOH retting were optimized on the basis of weight loss rate and the Fried test score to extract the cornhusks fiber. Taking raw cornhusk fiber as a contrast, physicochemical properties of the fiber extracted from cornhusk was researched in detail by chemical analysis (GB5889-86), X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The optimal retting condition of cornhusk fiber is the following: Pectinase 9032 0.5% concentration, at 40–55°C, pH 4.2–5.8, and then 5% NaOH treatment for 15 min. The crystallinity index of raw cornhusk fiber, enzyme-treated cornhusk fiber and enzyme-alkali-treated cornhusk fiber are 20.30%, 35.05% and 51.00%, respectively, and the structure of these fibres all correspond to cellulose I. The FTIR spectra showed that higher amounts of lignin and hemicellulose were removed by NaOH treatment compared with enzyme treatment.
24‐Hour Multichannel Intraluminal Impedance–pH in Proton Pump Inhibitor Nonresponders vs Responders in Patients With Laryngopharyngeal Reflux
Authors: Kim Su Il , Jeong Su Jin , Kwon Oh Eun , Park Jung Min , Lee Young Chan , Eun Young‐Gyu , Ko Seong‐Gyu
Published: July 2021

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of reflux in proton pump inhibitor (PPI) nonresponders vs responders in patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) by using 24‐hour multichannel intraluminal impedance–pH (MII‐pH) monitoring.

Study Design

Prospective cohort study.

Setting

A tertiary care otolaryngology clinic.

Methods

Patients with typical LPR symptoms showing >1 proximal reflux episode were considered to have LPR and investigated prospectively. Patients were prescribed high‐dose PPI twice daily and followed up for at least 2 months. Patients with LPR showing a ≥50% decrease in the follow‐up reflux symptom index score during treatment periods as compared with pretreatment were defined as responders; others were defined as nonresponders. Various parameters in 24‐hour MII‐pH monitoring between nonresponders and responders with LPR were compared with Student’s t test and receiver operating characteristic curve.

Results

Eighty patients were diagnosed with LPR and categorized as nonresponders (n = 19) and responders (n = 61). Proximal all reflux time and proximal longest reflux time in various MII parameters were higher in responders than in nonresponders (P =. 0040 and. 0216, respectively). Proximal all reflux time >0.000517% was a better cutoff value to predict responders with LPR as compared with the proximal longest reflux time >0.61 minutes (sensitivity + specificity: 1.317 vs 1.291).

Conclusion

Proximal all reflux time in various 24‐hour MII‐pH monitoring parameters can be helpful to predict the response to PPI therapy in patients with LPR. These findings will help establish a personalized therapeutic scheme for patients with LPR.
Business improvement areas and the socio-cultural power of lobbying: Imposing market interests to affordable housing development
Authors: Kudla Daniel
Published: July 2021

While studies have shown that Business Improvement Areas (BIAs) manage and control their physical urban spaces to generate local economic growth, little work has examined how these organizations lobby for their market interests during key decision-making processes. Drawing from the pragmatic sociology of critique, this paper develops a theoretical framework to explain how political-economic power is socio-culturally encoded during local government decision-making processes. Socio-cultural power is defined through two interrelated processes: (1) interactional settings where social actors practice their critical capacity by drawing upon socio-historically created moral orders and (2) the extent to which institutional experts limit laypersons' critical capacity and successfully construct local realities to advance their agendas. This framework is applied to London, Ontario's Old East Village to show how the local BIA influenced two separate affordable housing development plans. Based on interviews, participant observation, and document analysis, the findings show that the Old East Village BIA strategically framed and co-opted community critiques of these developments in a way that justified their own market interests (more feet on the street) over the community's civic interests (the provision of affordable housing). This paper extends the BIA literature by demonstrating BIA influence over affordable housing development, local matters that are outside the purview of their commercial jurisdiction.