bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Solid-Phase Insertion of N-mercaptoalkylglycine Residues into Peptides
Authors: Mourtas Spyridon , Gatos Dimitrios , Barlos Kleomenis
Published: November 2019

N-mercaptoalkylglycine residues were inserted into peptides by reacting N-free amino groups of peptides, which were initially synthesized on 2-chlorotrityl resin (Cltr) using the Fmoc/tBu method, with bromoacetic acid and subsequent nucleophilic replacement of the bromide by reacting with S-4-methoxytrityl- (Mmt)/S-trityl- (Trt) protected aminothiols. The synthesized thiols containing peptide–peptoid hybrids were cleaved from the resin, either protected by treatment with dichloromethane (DCM)/trifluoroethanol (TFE)/acetic acid (AcOH) (7:2:1), or deprotected (fully or partially) by treatment with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) solution using triethylsilane (TES) as a scavenger.
Association of Health Status and Health Behaviors with Weight Satisfaction vs. Body Image Concern: Analysis of 5888 Undergraduates in Egypt, Palestine, and Finland
Authors: El Ansari Walid , Berg-Beckhoff Gabriele
Published: November 2019

Little is known about the relationships between weight satisfaction, body image concern, healthy nutrition, health awareness, and physical activity among college students across culturally different countries. We assessed country and sex-specific associations between health status (self-rated health, depression, BMI), healthy behavior (healthy nutrition, physical activity, health awareness), weight satisfaction, and body image concern via a cross-sectional survey (5888 undergraduates) in Egypt, Palestine, and Finland. This health and wellbeing survey employed identical self-administered paper questionnaires administered at several Universities in two Eastern Mediterranean countries (Egypt, Palestine—Gaza Strip), and an online-survey comprising the same questions in Finland. Regression analyses were employed. Health status variables exhibited the strongest associations; high BMI and more depressive symptoms were more often among students satisfied with their weight (except in Palestine), but they were positively associated with body image concern irrespective of country or gender. Self-rated health was not associated with body image concern or weight satisfaction. Healthy behaviors were not associated with body image concern or weight satisfaction. Depressive symptoms and BMI were the most prominent predictors for body image concern. There were country-specific consistent results when using the body image concern score. Further research is necessary to compare body image across different cultures and countries.
Controlled Synthesis of Triangular Silver Nanoplates by Gelatin–Chitosan Mixture and the Influence of Their Shape on Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Vo Quoc Khuong , Phung Duc Duy , Vo Nguyen Quynh Nhu , Hoang Thi Hong , Nguyen Thi Nhat Hang , Nguyen Thi Phuong Phong , Bach Long Giang , Van Tan Lam
Published: November 2019

Triangular silver nanoplates were prepared by using the seeding growth approach with the presence of citrate-stabilized silver seeds and a mixture of gelatin–chitosan as the protecting agent. By understanding the critical role of reaction components, the synthesis process was improved to prepare the triangular nanoplates with high yield and efficiency. Different morphologies of silver nanostructures, such as triangular nanoplates, hexagonal nanoprisms, or nanodisks, can be obtained by changing experimental parameters, including precursor AgNO3 volume, gelatin–chitosan concentration ratios, and the pH conditions. The edge lengths of triangular silver nanoplates were successfully controlled, primarily through the addition of silver nitrate under appropriate condition. As-prepared triangular silver nanoplates were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), UV-Vis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-Ray diffraction (XRD). Silver nanoplates had an average edge length of 65–80 nm depending on experimental conditions and exhibited a surface plasma resonance absorbance peak at 340, 450, and 700 nm. The specific interactions of gelatin and chitosan with triangular AgNPs were demonstrated by FT-IR. Based on the characterization, the growth mechanism of triangular silver nanoplates was theoretically proposed regarding the twinned crystal of the initial nanoparticle seeds and the crystal face-blocking role of the gelatin–chitosan mixture. Moreover, the antibacterial activity of triangular silver nanoplates was considerably improved in comparison with that of spherical shape when tested against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria species, with 6.0 ug/mL of triangular silver nanoplates as the MBC (Minimum bactericidal concentration) for Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholera, and 8.0 ug/mL as the MBC for Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The MIC (Minimum inhibitory concentration) of triangular Ag nanoplates was 4.0 ug/mL for E. coli, V. cholera, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa.
Recovery of Protein from Dairy Milk Waste Product Using Alcohol-Salt Liquid Biphasic Flotation
Authors: Tham Pei En , Ng Yan Jer , Sankaran Revathy , Khoo Kuan Shiong , Chew Kit Wayne , Yap Yee Jiun , Malahubban Masnindah , Aziz Zakry Fitri Abdul , Show Pau Loke
Published: November 2019

Expired dairy products are often disposed of due to the potential health hazard they pose to living organisms. Lack of methods to recover valuable components from them are also a reason for manufactures to dispose of the expired dairy products. Milk encompasses several different components with their own functional properties that can be applied in production of food and non-food technical products. This study aims to investigate the novel approach of using liquid biphasic flotation (LBF) method for protein extraction from expired milk products and obtaining the optimal operating conditions for protein extraction. The optimized conditions were found at 80% concentration ethanol as top phase, 150 g/L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate along with 10% (w/v) milk as bottom phase, and a flotation time of 7.5 min. The protein recovery yield and separation efficiency after optimization were 94.97% and 86.289%, respectively. The experiment has been scaled up by 40 times to ensure it can be commercialized, and the protein recovery yield and separation efficiency were found to be 78.92% and 85.62%, respectively. This novel approach gives a chance for expired milk products to be changed from waste to raw materials which is beneficial for the environment and the economy.
In Search of a Touchable Body: Christian Mission and Dalit Conversions
Authors: Chandra Sekhar Chakali
Published: November 2019

This paper significantly wishes to unpack the social and cultural impact of the mass religious conversion movements in Rayalaseema society with specific reference to Dalits during the period 1850 to 1880. This paper will use the archival material such as missionary records, magazines, pamphlets, and books written by missionaries; further, it will also utilize oral interviews collected from the field. The mass conversion movements established a relationship between Dalits and missionaries and brought them together. In their efforts to create a new Christian community of Dalit converts, missionaries had interacted with Dalits, shared meal with them, stayed with them and transformed forbidden and “polluted” ghettos into social spaces. The present paper argues that the practices of the missionaries were liberating and humanizing for Dalits. It will examine how these practices led to unintended consequences. It needs to be remembered that the missionaries’ aim was not to abolish caste but to develop Christianity. How did the missionaries contribute to social interaction and build a spirit of solidarity among the Dalit converts? Based on specific situations, incidents, and examples recorded in the missionary archives and oral interviews, the article observes that community conversion movements destabilized the caste structure and brought significant changes in the social life of Dalits in colonial Rayalaseema.
Towards Real-Time Heartbeat Classification: Evaluation of Nonlinear Morphological Features and Voting Method
Authors: Kandala Rajesh N V P S , Dhuli Ravindra , Pławiak Paweł , Naik Ganesh R. , Moeinzadeh Hossein , Gargiulo Gaetano D. , Gunnam Suryanarayana
Published: November 2019

Abnormal heart rhythms are one of the significant health concerns worldwide. The current state-of-the-art to recognize and classify abnormal heartbeats is manually performed by visual inspection by an expert practitioner. This is not just a tedious task; it is also error prone and, because it is performed, post-recordings may add unnecessary delay to the care. The real key to the fight to cardiac diseases is real-time detection that triggers prompt action. The biggest hurdle to real-time detection is represented by the rare occurrences of abnormal heartbeats and even more are some rare typologies that are not fully represented in signal datasets; the latter is what makes it difficult for doctors and algorithms to recognize them. This work presents an automated heartbeat classification based on nonlinear morphological features and a voting scheme suitable for rare heartbeat morphologies. Although the algorithm is designed and tested on a computer, it is intended ultimately to run on a portable i.e., field-programmable gate array (FPGA) devices. Our algorithm tested on Massachusetts Institute of Technology- Beth Israel Hospital(MIT-BIH) database as per Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation(AAMI) recommendations. The simulation results show the superiority of the proposed method, especially in predicting minority groups: the fusion and unknown classes with 90.4% and 100%.
A New Model of RGB-D Camera Calibration Based on 3D Control Field
Authors: Zhang Chenyang , Huang Teng , Zhao Qiang
Published: November 2019

With extensive application of RGB-D cameras in robotics, computer vision, and many other fields, accurate calibration becomes more and more critical to the sensors. However, most existing models for calibrating depth and the relative pose between a depth camera and an RGB camera are not universally applicable to many different kinds of RGB-D cameras. In this paper, by using the collinear equation and space resection of photogrammetry, we present a new model to correct the depth and calibrate the relative pose between depth and RGB cameras based on a 3D control field. We establish a rigorous relationship model between the two cameras; then, we optimize the relative parameters of two cameras by least-squares iteration. For depth correction, based on the extrinsic parameters related to object space, the reference depths are calculated by using a collinear equation. Then, we calibrate the depth measurements with consideration of the distortion of pixels in depth images. We apply Kinect-2 to verify the calibration parameters by registering depth and color images. We test the effect of depth correction based on 3D reconstruction. Compared to the registration results from a state-of-the-art calibration model, the registration results obtained with our calibration parameters improve dramatically. Likewise, the performances of 3D reconstruction demonstrate obvious improvements after depth correction.
Intelligent Sensor-Cloud in Fog Computer: A Novel Hierarchical Data Job Scheduling Strategy
Authors: Sun Zeyu , Li Chuanfeng , Wei Lili , Li Zhixian , Min Zhiyu , Zhao Guozeng
Published: November 2019

In the Fog Computer (FC), the process of data is prone to problems such as low data similarity and poor data tolerance. This paper proposes a hierarchical data job scheduling strategy Based on Intelligent Sensor-Cloud in Fog Computer (HDJS). HDJS dynamically adjusts the priority of the job to avoid job starvation and maximize the use of resources, uses the key frame to the resource occupied information, distributes the frame sequence to the unit, and then combines the intra frame distribution strategy to balance the load between the nodes. The experimental results show our proposed strategy may be possible to avoid the operation of hunger and resource fragmentation problems, make full use of the advantages of multi-core and multi-thread, improve system resource utilization, and shorten the execution time and response time.
Water Pipeline Leakage Detection Based on Machine Learning and Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Liu Yang , Ma Xuehui , Li Yuting , Tie Yong , Zhang Yinghui , Gao Jing
Published: November 2019

The detection of water pipeline leakage is important to ensure that water supply networks can operate safely and conserve water resources. To address the lack of intelligent and the low efficiency of conventional leakage detection methods, this paper designs a leakage detection method based on machine learning and wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The system employs wireless sensors installed on pipelines to collect data and utilizes the 4G network to perform remote data transmission. A leakage triggered networking method is proposed to reduce the wireless sensor network’s energy consumption and prolong the system life cycle effectively. To enhance the precision and intelligence of leakage detection, we propose a leakage identification method that employs the intrinsic mode function, approximate entropy, and principal component analysis to construct a signal feature set and that uses a support vector machine (SVM) as a classifier to perform leakage detection. Simulation analysis and experimental results indicate that the proposed leakage identification method can effectively identify the water pipeline leakage and has lower energy consumption than the networking methods used in conventional wireless sensor networks.
Calibration of an Autonomous Instrument for Monitoring Light Pollution from Drones
Authors: Fiorentin Pietro , Bettanini Carlo , Bogoni Damiano
Published: November 2019

The paper presents the calibration activity on the imaging system of the MINLU instrument, an autonomous sensor suite designed for monitoring light pollution using commercial off-the-shelf components. The system is extremely compact and with an overall mass below 3 kg can be easily installed as a payload for drones or sounding balloons. Drones and air balloons can in fact play an important role in completing upward light emission measurement from satellites allowing an increased spatial and time resolution from convenient altitudes and positions. The proposed system can efficiently measure the luminous intensity and the spectral power density of on-ground emissions providing a useful tool to identify polluting sources and to quantify upward light flux. The metrological performance of the imaging system has been verified through an extensive laboratory test activity using referenced light sources: the overall uncertainty of the multi-luminance meter has been calculated to be 7% of the reading, while the multi-spectrometer has shown a full width at half maximum (FWHM) equal to 10 nm within the measuring range between 400 nm and 700 nm. When operating at an altitude of 200 m, the system can achieve a horizontal resolution at a ground level of 0.12 m with a wavelength resolution able to identify the different lamp technology of outdoor light sources, including light-emitting diode (LED) lights that are undetected by satellites.
Wildfire Detection Using Sound Spectrum Analysis Based on the Internet of Things
Authors: Zhang Shuo , Gao Demin , Lin Haifeng , Sun Quan
Published: November 2019

Wildfire is a sudden and hazardous natural disaster. Currently, many schemes based on optical spectrum analysis have been proposed to detect wildfire, but obstacles in forest areas can decrease the efficiency of spectral monitoring, resulting in a wildfire detection system not being able to monitor the occurrence of wildfire promptly. In this paper, we propose a novel wildfire detection system using sound spectrum analysis based on the Internet of Things (IoT), which utilizes a wireless acoustic detection system to probe wildfire and distinguish the difference in the sound between the crown and the surface fire. We also designed a new power supply unit: tree-energy device, which utilizes the biological energy of the living trees to generate electricity. We implemented sound spectrum analysis on the data collected by sound sensors and then combined our classification algorithms. The results describe that the sound frequency of the crown fire is about 0–400 Hz, while the sound frequency of the surface fire ranges from 0 to 15,000 Hz. However, the accuracy of the classification method is affected by some factors, such as the distribution of sensors, the loss of energy in sound transmission, and the delay of data transmission. In the simulation experiments, the recognition rate of the method can reach about 70%.
A Frequency-Based Approach for the Detection and Classification of Structural Changes Using t-SNE †
Authors: Agis David , Pozo Francesc
Published: November 2019

This work presents a structural health monitoring (SHM) approach for the detection and classification of structural changes. The proposed strategy is based on t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE), a nonlinear procedure that is able to represent the local structure of high-dimensional data in a low-dimensional space. The steps of the detection and classification procedure are: (i) the data collected are scaled using mean-centered group scaling (MCGS); (ii) then principal component analysis (PCA) is applied to reduce the dimensionality of the data set; (iii) t-SNE is applied to represent the scaled and reduced data as points in a plane defining as many clusters as different structural states; and (iv) the current structure to be diagnosed will be associated with a cluster or structural state based on three strategies: (a) the smallest point-centroid distance; (b) majority voting; and (c) the sum of the inverse distances. The combination of PCA and t-SNE improves the quality of the clusters related to the structural states. The method is evaluated using experimental data from an aluminum plate with four piezoelectric transducers (PZTs). Results are illustrated in frequency domain, and they manifest the high classification accuracy and the strong performance of this method.
Progressive Temporal-Spatial-Semantic Analysis of Driving Anomaly Detection and Recounting
Authors: Zhu Rixing , Fang Jianwu , Xu Hongke , Xue Jianru
Published: November 2019

For analyzing the traffic anomaly within dashcam videos from the perspective of ego-vehicles, the agent should spatial-temporally localize the abnormal occasion and regions and give a semantically recounting of what happened. Most existing formulations concentrate on the former spatial-temporal aspect and mainly approach this goal by training normal pattern classifiers/regressors/dictionaries with large-scale availably labeled data. However, anomalies are context-related, and it is difficult to distinguish the margin of abnormal and normal clearly. This paper proposes a progressive unsupervised driving anomaly detection and recounting (D&R) framework. The highlights are three-fold: (1) We formulate driving anomaly D&R as a temporal-spatial-semantic (TSS) model, which achieves a coarse-to-fine focusing and generates convincing driving anomaly D&R. (2) This work contributes an unsupervised D&R without any training data while performing an effective performance. (3) We novelly introduce the traffic saliency, isolation forest, visual semantic causal relations of driving scene to effectively construct the TSS model. Extensive experiments on a driving anomaly dataset with 106 video clips (temporal-spatial-semantically labeled carefully by ourselves) demonstrate superior performance over existing techniques.
ITERL: A Wireless Adaptive System for Efficient Road Lighting
Authors: García-Castellano María , González-Romo Juan Manuel , Gómez-Galán Juan Antonio , García-Martín Juan Pablo , Torralba Antonio , Pérez-Mira Ventura
Published: November 2019

This work presents the development and construction of an adaptive street lighting system that improves safety at intersections, which is the result of applying low-power Internet of Things (IoT) techniques to intelligent transportation systems. A set of wireless sensor nodes using the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.15.4 standard with additional internet protocol (IP) connectivity measures both ambient conditions and vehicle transit. These measurements are sent to a coordinator node that collects and passes them to a local controller, which then makes decisions leading to the streetlight being turned on and its illumination level controlled. Streetlights are autonomous, powered by photovoltaic energy, and wirelessly connected, achieving a high degree of energy efficiency. Relevant data are also sent to the highway conservation center, allowing it to maintain up-to-date information for the system, enabling preventive maintenance.
MD-MAC: A Distributed TDMA Protocol Based on Desynchronization for Multi-Hop Topologies
Authors: Zheng Chaoyi , Huang Shengchun , Wei Jibo , Dong Qiangjian
Published: November 2019

Communication resource allocation and collision detection are important for the Ad Hoc network. Considering the existing TDMA-MAC protocol, the allocation way based on fixed time slot is mostly adapted, which cannot guarantee the performance and be not flexible about the business for different nodes in the distributed network. Desynchronization, as a biological term, can be utilized in the Ad Hoc network. It implies that sensor nodes interleave periodic events to occur in succession through negotiation and adjustment. In this paper, we design a MAC protocol(MD-MAC) in the multi-hop network based on the idea of Desynchronization to solve the problem caused by stale information and lay down the adjustment rule to allocate the communication resource. Also, we propose a scheme which the network can detect collision in a self-adapting way. Finally, we simulate the proposed protocol to evaluate the performance. The experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm can accelerate the convergence speed of resource allocation, solve collision and improve the efficiency of the distributed network.
A Hybrid Optimization from Two Virtual Physical Force Algorithms for Dynamic Node Deployment in WSN Applications
Authors: Li Qiang , Yi Qiang , Tang Rongxin , Qian Xin , Yuan Kai , Liu Shiyun
Published: November 2019

With the rapid development of unmanned aerial vehicle in space exploration and national defense, large-scale wireless sensor network (WSN) became an important and effective technology. It may require highly accurate locating for the nodes in some real applications. The dynamic node topology control of a large-scale WSN in an unmanned region becomes a hot research topic recently, which helps improve the system connectivity and coverage. In this paper, a hybrid optimization based on two different virtual force algorithms inspired by the interactions among physical sensor nodes is proposed to address the self-consistent node deployment in a large-scale WSN. At the early stage, the deployment algorithm was to deploy the sensor nodes by leveraging the particle motions in dusty plasma to achieve the hexagonal topology of the so-called “Yukawa crystal”. After that, another virtual exchange force model was combined to present a hybrid optimization, which could yield perfect hexagonal topology, better network uniformity, higher coverage rate, and faster convergence speed. The influence of node position, velocity, and acceleration during the node deployment stage on the final network topology are carefully discussed for this scheme. It can aid engineers to control the network topology for a large number of wireless sensors with affordable system cost by choosing suitable parameters based on physical environments or application scenarios in the near future.
Study on the Application of Optical Current Sensor for Lightning Current Measurement of Transmission Line
Authors: Ge Jin-ming , Shen Yan , Yu Wen-bin , Han Yue , Duan Fang-wei
Published: November 2019

Accurate and reliable lightning current data are the basis of lightning protection design. To measure lightning current data at different measurement locations in a transmission system, the limitations of traditional lightning current sensors are analyzed, and optical current sensing technology is adopted, which has the advantages of no magnetic saturation and no bandwidth limitation. Compared with traditional application environments, the sensing technology is used in special environments in transmission systems. This paper analyzes the influence of environmental factors on sensors, and combines the extreme environmental requirements, such as temperature and insulation requirements, to study the sensor. Starting from the sensitivity, the sensing characteristics of the sensor are analyzed. The sensor is designed according to three aspects: sensing material selection, spatial measuring position, and sensing material size optimization, such that it can satisfy the different measurement requirements of towers, overhead ground wires, and transmission lines, respectively. The experiments indicate that the developed sensors can meet the measurement sensitivity requirements of different types of lightning strikes. The experimental results of sensors exhibit a reasonable amplitude measurement accuracy, linearity, and waveform measurement capability. These results provide important theoretical and experimental bases for the application of optical current sensing technology to the measurement of the lightning current of transmission systems.
Electronic Tongues for Inedible Media
Authors: Kirsanov Dmitry , Correa Daniel , Gaal Gabriel , Riul Antonio , Braunger Maria , Shimizu Flavio , Oliveira Osvaldo , Liang Tao , Wan Hao , Wang Ping , Oleneva Ekaterina , Legin Andrey
Published: November 2019

“Electronic tongues”, “taste sensors”, and similar devices (further named as “multisensor systems”, or MSS) have been studied and applied mostly for the analysis of edible analytes. This is not surprising, since the MSS development was sometimes inspired by the mainstream idea that they could substitute human gustatory tests. However, the basic principle behind multisensor systems—a combination of an array of cross-sensitive chemical sensors for liquid analysis and a machine learning engine for multivariate data processing—does not imply any limitations on the application of such systems for the analysis of inedible media. This review deals with the numerous MSS applications for the analysis of inedible analytes, among other things, for agricultural and medical purposes.
A Quantitative Ultrasonic Travel-Time Tomography to Investigate Liquid Elaborations in Industrial Processes
Authors: Koulountzios Panagiotis , Rymarczyk Tomasz , Soleimani Manuchehr
Published: November 2019

This work presents an ultrasound tomography imaging system and method for quantitative mapping of the sound speed in liquid masses. It is highly desirable to be able to inspect vessel fluid mass distribution, notably in the chemical and food industrial operations. Optimization of industrial reactors has been crucial to the improvement of industrial processes. There is a great need to investigate how and if tomographic imaging sensors could aid the automatic control of these process tanks. Single-measurement ultrasound techniques and especially spectrometric methods have been a subject of study of industrial applications. Tomographic systems provide key multi-dimensional and spatial information when compared to the well-established single-channel measurement system. Recently, ultrasound tomography has attracted a great deal of interest in a wide spectrum of industrial applications. The system has been designed as 32 piezoelectric ring-array positioned in a 30 cm tank, with an excitation frequency of 40 kHz. Two-dimensional transmission travel-time tomography was developed to reconstruct the fluid mass distributions. Prior experiments are mainly based on inclusions of a few centimetres and on a liquid solution of different concentrations. They have been conducted to test the spatial and quantitative resolution of the ultrasound imaging device. Analysing the reconstructed images, it is possible to provide accurate spatial resolution with low position errors. The system also demonstrated inclusion movement with a temporal resolution of 4 frames per second (fps) in dynamical imaging sense. Sound velocity quantitative imaging was developed for the investigation of ultrasonic propagation in different liquids. This work, for the first time, shows how quantitative sound velocity imaging using transmission mode time of flight data could be used to characterize liquid density distribution of industrial reactors. The results suggest that ultrasound tomography can be used to quantitatively monitor important process parameters.
An Associated Representation Method for Defining Agricultural Cases in a Case-Based Reasoning System for Fast Case Retrieval
Authors: Zhai Zhaoyu , Martínez Ortega José-Fernán , Beltran Victoria , Lucas Martínez Néstor
Published: November 2019

As an artificial intelligence technique, case-based reasoning has considerable potential to build intelligent systems for smart agriculture, providing farmers with advice about farming operation management. A proper case representation method plays a crucial role in case-based reasoning systems. Some methods like textual, attribute-value pair, and ontological representations have been well explored by researchers. However, these methods may lead to inefficient case retrieval when a large volume of data is stored in the case base. Thus, an associated representation method is proposed in this paper for fast case retrieval. Each case is interconnected with several similar and dissimilar ones. Once a new case is reported, its features are compared with historical data by similarity measurements for identifying a relative similar past case. The similarity of associated cases is measured preferentially, instead of comparing all the cases in the case base. Experiments on case retrieval were performed between the associated case representation and traditional methods, following two criteria: the number of visited cases and retrieval accuracy. The result demonstrates that our proposal enables fast case retrieval with promising accuracy by visiting fewer past cases. In conclusion, the associated case representation method outperforms traditional methods in the aspect of retrieval efficiency.
OPTYRE—Real Time Estimation of Rolling Resistance for Intelligent Tyres
Authors: Roveri Nicola , Pepe Gianluca , Mezzani Federica , Carcaterra Antonio , Culla Antonio , Milana Silvia
Published: November 2019

The study of the rolling tyre is a problem framed in the general context of nonlinear elasticity. The dynamics of the related phenomena is still an open topic, even though few examples and models of tyres can be found in the technical literature. The interest in the dissipation effects associated with the rolling motion is justified by their importance in fuel-saving and in the context of an eco-friendly design. However, a general lack of knowledge characterizes the phenomenon, since not even direct experience on the rolling tyre can reveal the insights of the correlated different dissipation effects, as the friction between the rubber and the road, the contact kinematics and dynamics, the tyre hysteretic behaviour and the grip. A new technology, based on fibre Bragg grating strain sensors and conceived within the OPTYRE project, is illustrated for the specific investigation of the tyre dissipation related phenomena. The remarkable power of this wireless optical system stands in the chance of directly accessing the behaviour of the inner tyre in terms of stresses when a real-condition-rolling is experimentally observed. The ad hoc developed tyre model has allowed the identification of the instant grip conditions, of the area of the contact patch and allows the estimation of the instant dissipated power, which is the focus of this paper.
A Malicious Behavior Awareness and Defense Countermeasure Based on LoRaWAN Protocol
Authors: Gao Shu-Yang , Li Xiao-Hong , Ma Mao-De
Published: November 2019

Low power wide area network (LoRaWAN) protocol has been widely used in various fields. With its rapid development, security issues about the awareness and defense against malicious events in the Internet of Things must be taken seriously. Eavesdroppers can exploit the shortcomings of the specification and the limited consumption performance of devices to carry out security attacks such as replay attacks. In the process of the over-the-air-activation (OTAA) for LoRa nodes, attackers can modify the data because the data is transmitted in plain text. If the user’s root key is leaked, the wireless sensor network will not be able to prevent malicious nodes from joining the network. To solve this security flaw in LoRaWAN, we propose a countermeasure called Secure-Packet-Transmission scheme (SPT) which works based on the LoRaWAN standard v1.1 to prevent replay attacks when an attacker has obtained the root key. The proposed scheme redefines the format of join-request packet, add the new One Time Password (OTP) encrypted method and changes the transmission strategy in OTAA between LoRa nodes and network server. The security evaluation by using the Burrows-Abadi-Needham logic (BAN Logic) and the Scyther shows that the security goal can be achieved. This paper also conducts extensive experiments by simulations and a testbed to perform feasibility and performance analysis. All results demonstrate that SPT is lightweight, efficient and able to defend against malicious behavior.
Real-Time Evaluation of the Mechanical Performance and Residual Life of a Notching Mold Using Embedded PVDF Sensors and SVM Criteria
Authors: Chang Ching-Yuan , Huang Tsung-Han , Chung Tzu-Chun
Published: November 2019

The geometric tolerance of notching machines used in the fabrication of components for induction motor stators and rotators is less than 50 µm. The blunt edges of worn molds can cause the edge of the sheet metal to form a burr, which can seriously impede assembly and reduce the efficiency of the resulting motor. The overuse of molds without sufficient maintenance leads to wasted sheet material, whereas excessive maintenance shortens the life of the punch/die plate. Diagnosing the mechanical performance of die molds requires extensive experience and fine-grained sensor data. In this study, we embedded polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) films within the mechanical mold of a notching machine to obtain direct measurements of the reaction forces imposed by the punch. We also developed an automated diagnosis program based on a support vector machine (SVM) to characterize the performance of the mechanical mold. The proposed cyber-physical system (CPS) facilitated the real-time monitoring of machinery for preventative maintenance as well as the implementation of early warning alarms. The cloud server used to gather mold-related data also generated data logs for managers. The hyperplane of the CPS-PVDF was calibrated using a variety of parameters pertaining to the edge characteristics of punches. Stereo-microscopy analysis of the punched workpiece verified that the accuracy of the fault classification was 97.6%.
An Effective Optical Dual Gas Sensor for Simultaneous Detection of Oxygen and Ammonia
Authors: Biring Sajal , Sadhu Annada Sankar , Deb Moumita
Published: November 2019

The development of a simple, low-cost sensor for the effective sensing of multiple gases in industrial or residential zones has been in high demand in recent days. In this article, we have proposed an optical sensor for the dual sensing of oxygen (O2) and ammonia (NH3) gases, which consists of oxygen and ammonia-sensitive fluorescent dyes coated individually on both sides of a glass substrate. An ethyl cellulose (EC) matrix doped with platinum (II) meso-tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) porphyrin (PtTFPP) serves as the oxygen-sensing material, whereas the NH3-sensing material includes an eosin Y fluorescent indicator immobilized within a cellulose acetate (CA) matrix. Both the oxygen and ammonia-sensitive materials were excited by the same LED light source with a 405 nm peak wavelength, while the corresponding emissions were detected separately for the selective sensing of the gases under study. The dual gas sensor exhibits maximum sensitivities of around 60 and 20 for oxygen and ammonia gases, respectively. The high sensitivity and selectivity of the proposed optical dual sensor suggests the feasibility of the simultaneous sensing of oxygen and ammonia for practical applications.
The GA-BPNN-Based Evaluation of Cultivated Land Quality in the PSR Framework Using Gaofen-1 Satellite Data
Authors: Liu Shanshan , Peng Yiping , Xia Ziqing , Hu Yueming , Wang Guangxing , Zhu A-Xing , Liu Zhenhua
Published: November 2019

Rapid and efficient assessment of cultivated land quality (CLQ) using remote sensing technology is of great significance for protecting cultivated land. However, it is difficult to obtain accurate CLQ estimates using the current satellite-driven approaches in the pressure-state-response (PSR) framework, owing to the limitations of linear models and CLQ spectral indices. In order to improve the estimation accuracy of CLQ, this study used four evaluation models (the traditional linear model; partial least squares regression, PLSR; back propagation neural network, BPNN; and BPNN with genetic algorithm optimization, GA-BPNN) to evaluate CLQ for determining the accurate evaluation model. In addition, the optimal satellite-derived indicator in the land state index was selected among five vegetation indices (the normalized vegetation index, NDVI; enhanced vegetation index, EVI; modified soil-adjusted vegetation index, MSAVI; perpendicular vegetation index, PVI; and soil-adjusted vegetation index, SAVI) to improve the prediction accuracy of CLQ. This study was conducted in Conghua District of Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China, based on Gaofen-1 (GF-1) data. The prediction accuracies from the traditional linear model, PLSR, BPNN, and GA-BPNN were compared using observations. The results demonstrated that (1) compared with other models (the traditional linear model: R2 = 0.14 and RMSE = 91.53; PLSR: R2 = 0.33 and RMSE = 74.58; BPNN: R2 = 0.50 and RMSE = 61.75), the GA-BPNN model based on EVI in the land state index provided the most accurate estimates of CLQ, with the R2 of 0.59 and root mean square error (RMSE) of 56.87, indicating a nonlinear relationship between CLQ and the prediction indicator; and (2) the GA-BPNN-based evaluation approach of CLQ in the PSR framework was driven to map CLQ of the study area using the GF-1 data, leading to an RMSE of 61.44 at the regional scale, implying that the GA-BPNN-based evaluation approach has the potential to map CLQ over large areas. This study provides an important reference for the high-accuracy prediction of CLQ based on remote sensing technology.
Vertical vs. Horizontal: How Strategic Alliance Type Influence Firm Performance?
Authors: Yu Baojun , Xu Hangjun , Dong Feng
Published: November 2019

Strategic alliances have become a key focus in the management and marketing literature. However, much of the previous research in this area has focused on the antecedents and accounting effects of strategic alliances. There is an opportunity to more closely examine how alliance types might influence the public equity markets. As a result, this study summarizes the literature for the theoretical foundation of strategic alliances to increase the understanding of the two main types of strategic alliances, that is industry scope (vertical vs. horizontal alliances) and size scope (asymmetric vs. symmetric alliances). Then, this study proposes a conceptual framework to examine the main and relative effects between different types of strategic alliances and firm performance. Using the Bloomberg Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) database from 1 January 2010 to 1 January 2016, we find that vertical symmetric alliances gain more abnormal returns than others. Finally, implications and limitations are also discussed.
SrfABC Toxin from Xenorhabdus stockiae Induces Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis in HeLa Cells
Authors: Sun Yawei , Zhang Guoyong , Hou Xiaoqing , Xiao Shuai , Yang Xi , Xie Yali , Huang Xiyin , Wang Fan , Mo Xiangtao , Ding Xuezhi , Xia Liqiu , Hu Shengbiao
Published: November 2019

Our previous study showed that the srfABC operon, which was originally identified in Salmonella enterica as an SsrB-regulated operon clustered with the flagellar class 2 operon, exhibited significant cytotoxicity against insect midgut CF-203 cells and injectable insecticidal activity against Helicoverpa armigera larvae. The srfABC operon was widely distributed among bacteria, which raises the question of their biological roles in different species. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxic effect of SrfABC toxin on mammalian cell lines. When simultaneously expressed in the Escherichia coli cytoplasm, SrfABC exhibited cytotoxicity against all tested mammalian cancer cell lines (B16, 4T-1, Hep-3B, and HeLa) in a dose-dependent manner. Intracellular expression of SrfA–FLAG, SrfB–FLAG, or SrfC–FLAG also resulted in inhibition of proliferation and apoptosis on HeLa cells. When incubated with HeLa cells separately, SrfA, SrfB, and SrfC proteins alone could enter HeLa cells, then induce apoptosis and cytotoxicity. SrfC protein shifts its localization from cytoplasm to nucleus with the aid of SrfA and/or SrfB protein. Although SrfA, SrfB, and SrfC proteins alone exhibited a cytotoxic effect against HeLa cells, all three components were essential for the full cytotoxicity. Native PAGE and co-immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that SrfA, SrfB, and SrfC proteins could interact with each other and form a heteromeric complex.
Operational Improvement of Main Pumps for Energy-Saving in Wastewater Treatment Plants
Authors: Kato Hiroyuki , Fujimoto Hiroyuki , Yamashina Kenichi
Published: November 2019

Efforts towards energy independence in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) constitute important policy in Japan. Energy-saving strategies consist of operational improvements and the installation of energy-saving devices. The energy consumed by the main pumps is equal to approximately 14% of the energy consumed by WWTPs in average in Japan. The main pumps, which are simple machines, do not have the innovative, energy-saving devices associated with other equipment used in WWTPs; therefore, realizing energy savings through operational improvement is extremely important. In recent years, variable frequency drives (VFDs) have increasingly been used to control the rotation speed of main pumps in order to save energy. However, there are many cases where power consumption increases due to the excessive rotation speed control ignoring pump characteristics. In this study, improvement of the operating method based on the power consumption analysis is examined for A WWTP. Differences in characteristics between water pumps and wastewater pumps are discussed, and simulation results without rotational speed control show a reduction in power consumption of 10%. Daily operational report data of the WWTP are used for the power consumption analysis, and additional data acquisition is not necessary. Thus, the power consumption analysis method used in this study can be easily applied to other WWTPs.
Membangun Pengetahuan dan Kreativitas
Authors: Hadi Abdul
Published: November 2019

Science and creativity are essential matter in Islam, because the last message from the sky is not longer physical form, like Prophet Moses’ stick and the Prophet Isa’s effective medicines, but the message has formed in faith and sciences values that embodied in the Quran, and it will be maintained until the end of the world even the prophet Mohammad has gone. In the message of our last Prophet Mohammad (Peace be  upon him) put the sciences and creativity or ijtihad in Arabic term above of others, even both of them become the measure of someone devout to the Almighty. In Holey Qur’an verse of Fathir 28th Allah Said: “Verily the most afraid of Allah from His Servants are only scientists. According to Sir Najib Al Attas science divided into two parts: The first: The kind of science that is needed for the spiritual alive of Human Being, and studied it in Islamic law  as personal compulsory ( Fardu Ain). The second: The kind of science that be asset of human life to embodied the thing  that he wish to realize from his work. And studied it in Islamic law as personal complementary (Fardu Kifayah). In the view of Abraham Maslow: Creativity is the hidden common treasure, and every Human has potentials for get it. And It has become nature if the trees produce leaf, bird flies in the sky, and Human has capacity to create. We had known, that one of the characteristic of God is creator (albadi’). He is the most creator, this universe and all the contains are the results . So His glorious and  greatness  can be showed from His big creation. As same as creator, Human make creation or do ijtihad to produce beneficial things for goodness of human life , that make him the best servant of God. As Moslem who doesn’t have enough knowledge and creativities like body without soul, in the others main his existence in this world like nothings.
Perancangan Sistem Informasi Berbasis Website pada Perkampungan Budaya Betawi Setu Babakan
Authors: Ma'arif Ridwan Ahmad , Saputra Tri Ichsan , Radityatama Mohamad Dimas , Apriansyah Andez , Hayati Nur
Published: November 2019

Indonesia merupakan negara kepulauan yang mana penggunaan media internet sebagai sarana penyebaran informasi sangat berguna, sebab berbagai jenis informasi dari bagian Indonesia manapun dapat diketahui dengan mudah. Pengguna internet di Indonesia telah mencapai 150 juta pada tahun 2019 yang mana angka tersebut mengalami kenaikan 13 persen atau sekitar 17 juta dari tahun sebelumnya, kemudian rata-rata setiap hari penggunaan waktu dengan internet yaitu selama 8 jam 36 menit. Perancangan website menggunakan metode pengumpulan data dan metode waterfall sebagai metode perancangan sistem. Digunakan diagram perancangan sistem berupa UML (Unified Modeling Language) yang terdiri dari usecase diagram dan class diagram serta ERD (Entity Relationship Diagram). Website dirancang dengan menggunakan framework CodeIgniter dengan tools Visual Studio Code dan MySQL sebagai sumber basis datanya. Pengujian dalam penelitian ini menghasilkan keberhasilan 100% dalam mengakses website diberbagai browser dan juga keberhasilan fungsi dari berbagai jenis interface yang dibangun.
Interpretatio romana. Questions historiques et problèmes de méthode
Authors: Girard J.-L.
Published: November 2019

L'étude des mots interpres et interpretatio éclaire la signification religieuse du procédé de l'interpretatio Romana qui, loin d'être un facteur d'abâtardissement de la religion traditionnelle, a permis aux Romains de concilier leur fidélité aux conceptions nationales et leur curiosité des cultes étrangers.
Un écho d'une controverse autour de la pénitence
Authors: Junod Éric
Published: November 2019

Cette histoire serait composée par Clément et révélerait l'existence d'une controverse à Alexandrie au sujet de la pénitence post-baptismale. En donnant raison à l'apôtre (qui illustre sa propre position) et tort à l'évêque (qui illustre la position rigoriste du clergé), l'Alexandrin cherche à donner un fondement apostolique à son point de vue et à le faire triompher.
Quelques aspects religieux de la grande peste du XIVe siècle
Authors: Brossollet Jacqueline
Published: November 2019

Au milieu du XIVe siècle une épidémie de peste d'une exceptionnelle gravité dépeupla l'Europe en quatre ans, ôtant suivant les villes et les campagnes entre le 1/3 et le 1/8 des habitants. Partout le dévouement des religieux fut exemplaire mais eux aussi succombèrent massivement à la contagion. Pour repeupler les rangs séculiers et réguliers, l'Eglise recruta trop souvent des ignorants peu zélés et la décadence de ces foyers d'érudition et de foi est l'une des causes de la Réforme.