bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Le ministère des Affaires culturelles et le Livre blanc de Pierre Laporte (1964-1966)
Authors: Harvey Fernand
Published: April 2016

Cet article se veut une contribution à l’histoire des politiques culturelles au Québec. On y analyse le rôle du ministre Pierre Laporte au cours de son bref passage au ministère des Affaires culturelles, de 1964 à 1966. Sa longue carrière à titre de journaliste au quotidien Le Devoir révèle un analyste à tendance néo- nationaliste, soucieux de renforcer l’autonomie du gouvernement du Québec au sein de la Confédération canadienne. Élu député libéral en 1961 et nommé ministre des Affaires municipales dans le gouvernement Lesage l’année suivante, il cumule aussi le portefeuille des Affaires culturelles en septembre 1964. Son passage au ministère des Affaires culturelles lui permet d’en compléter l’organisation et le développement amorcés par son prédécesseur, Georges-Émile Lapalme. Par ailleurs, dans le but de définir une politique culturelle à long terme pour le Québec, Laporte s’entoure de divers collaborateurs pour produire un Livre blanc à cet effet. Contenant une série de postulats, un état de situation dans différents secteurs culturels et une soixantaine de recommandations - dont celle de faire du français la langue prioritaire au Québec - ce Livre blanc ne sera jamais publié. Il inspirera néanmoins plusieurs acteurs impliqués dans l’élaboration des politiques culturelles du Québec au cours des années 1970.
S’habiller au goût du jour
Authors: Mathieu Jocelyne
Published: April 2016

Ce texte porte sur la pratique d’une couturière qui a tenu son journal de la période de la Première Guerre mondiale jusqu’à la fin des années 1940. Ce document couvre trente-cinq années relatées presque sans interruptions, pondérées par le cycle saisonnier d’activités quotidiennes et périodiques, de rencontres familiales, d’événements de la vie privée et d’expressions de la sociabilité dans un large réseau. Tout en apprenant beaucoup sur la vie quotidienne et l’activité de couturière à cette époque, ce journal personnel permet d’aborder la confection domestique du point de vue de la pratique féminine privée et semi- professionnelle et de poursuivre nos études sur la mode en région. La production évoquée s’inscrit dans un contexte de modifications nombreuses des pièces de costume existantes, réparation, transformation, enrichissement, remodelage. On a recours à la couturière pour tous types de vêtements et l’on fait appel à elle pour les occasions spéciales telles que les noces et les funérailles. Malgré les pratiques d’une économie de récupération, le journal de cette couturière révèle une cohabitation des lieux d’approvisionnements et par eux la multiplication des possibilités et la diversité des sources d’influences.
La bibliothèque du Nigog
Authors: Lefebvre Marie-Thérèse
Published: April 2016

Le Nigog (1918) : revue moderne ou d’avant-garde ? Nous avons cherché à répondre à cette question par l’analyse des nombreuses références, citées ou non, qui traversent les textes. Loin d’être liés au courant avant-gardiste de l’Art Nouveau des années 1910 (cubiste, futuriste, bruitiste, dadaïste), les membres de la revue adhèrent davantage aux auteurs classiques et à l’esthétique du Mercure de France, revue qui représentait le mieux le mouvement symboliste fin de siècle. Le cadre référentiel que nous ainsi dégagé nous a permis de reconstituer la bibliothèque des membres du Nigog.
L’humour des Poilus canadiens durant la Grande Guerre (première partie)
Authors: Andrès Bernard
Published: April 2016

Malgré la crise de la conscription de 1917 et les tensions entre anglophones et francophones, au sujet de l’engagement du Canada dans la Grande Guerre, plus de 30 000 Canadiens français partent pour le front. Ils s’illustreront notamment aux batailles d’Ypres, de Courcelette et de Vimy. Chez ces francophones dont la plupart se battent sous le drapeau britannique, on note une certaine ambivalence face « la » patrie (le Canada ? l’Angleterre ? la France ?). Défiance également envers la hiérarchie militaire et les autorités coloniales britanniques. De rares témoignages de première main publiés en français entre 1914 et 1920 permettent d’apprécier sous un angle nouveau —l’humour— cet épisode de l’histoire québécoise. Face à la censure de guerre et pour conjurer la mort, les récits recourent à ces stratégies d’évitement ou de subversion que sont l’humour, l’ironie et le sarcasme. On observe ces modes d’écriture dans les témoignages de quelques « Poilus » canadiens publiés entre 1914 et 1920. La majorité d’entre eux servent sous l’uniforme anglais : Henri Chassé, Claudius Corneloup, Arthur J. Lapointe, A. et W. Audette, Joseph A. Lavoie et Moïse E. Martin. Paul Caron (le seul à mourir au front), s’est engagé, lui, dans l’Armée française : cet ardent nationaliste affirmait se battre pour la France et s’opposer au « navalisme et à l’impérialisme britanniques ».
Anasynthèse, typologies des conceptions des universités et évaluation de leur performance
Authors: Larouche Catherine , Savard Denis , Héon Lucie , Moisset Jean-Joseph
Published: April 2016

Cet article s’inscrit dans le contexte des débats concernant la mission des universités et l’évaluation de leur performance. Il a pour objectif d’illustrer le recours au processus d’anasynthèse comme moyen de valider une typologie des conceptions des universités élaborée en vue d’évaluer leur performance. L’anasynthèse, terme formé des mots analyse et synthèse désignant le processus général de développement de modèles suggéré par Silvern en 1972, s’articule autour des étapes suivantes : l’analyse d’une situation de départ, l’élaboration d’une synthèse à partir de cette analyse, la formulation d’un prototype de modèle, la simulation ou validation de ce prototype en vue finalement de la formulation d’un modèle optimal. L’originalité de cette recherche et son apport à l’avancement des connaissances résident notamment dans le fait d’adapter l’anasynthèse à une validation rigoureuse et systématique d’un référentiel d’évaluation de l’enseignement supérieur. Tout en étant susceptible d’aider à la prise de décision en gestion, la typologie originale qui s’en est dégagée pourra servir de fondements à des recherches subséquentes propres à l’élaboration d’un modèle complet d’évaluation de la performance des universités.
Premio Testimonio de Casa de las Américas. Conversación cruzada con Jorge Fornet, Luisa Campuzano y Victoria García
Authors: Fornet Jorge , Campuzano Luisa , García Victoria , Peris Blanes (coord.) Jaume
Published: April 2016

Anexo con listado de jurados, premios y documentación gráfica del Archivo de Casa de las Americas.
AN OVERVIEW OF KNUT HAMSUN’S RECEPTION IN THE ROMANIAN CULTURAL PRINTED PRESS (1902–1989)
Authors: Lăţug Diana
Published: April 2016

This paper outlines major directions in the reception of Knut Hamsun in the Romanian cultural printed press. The research is based on a plethora of articles in Romanian cultural periodicals spanning the years 1902–1989. The results shall be encompassed in a doctoral thesis on the same subject. The structure of the paper follows a chronological overview of the phases of his reception. Because the interwar period has been discussed in detail in other previous papers, focus shall be put on the communist era. The first oscillations occur between the years 1940–1947. As a result of the Stalinist regime, Hamsun is only portrayed in terms of his political views. Communism thus reduces his authorship to a minimum. A renewed interest emerges in the 1980s through a new series of translations and articles.  This interest is then compounded with the founding of the Department of Scandinavian Languages and Literatures in Cluj in 1991 and continues to the present. Articles from all of these time periods are evaluated both quantitatively and qualitatively to acquire a holistic image of how Hamsun is received by Romanian culture.
FÖRFATTARE – SAMHÄLLE – MEDIA. EN MEDIEKRITISK BETRAKTELSE AV MEDIETÄCKNING OM KNUT HAMSUN-JUBILEET 2009
Authors: Langhof Julia
Published: April 2016

The Knut Hamsun Jubilee 2009 was heavily criticized by nationals and internationals alike, which was reflected in a large number of media debates. The article critically analyzes the media coverage of the Knut Hamsun Jubilee 2009. It shows how the media’s coverage and rhetoric of the Jubilee effected the discussion about its legitimacy. Assuming that the media has an impact on the public’s negotiation of thought patterns, and that the media is capable of influencing public opinion, the article examines the following two aspects: What kind of persuasive strategies were used in public discussions in the press about the Knut Hamsun Jubilee 2009? How did the Norwegian Online Press deal with critical comments especially from foreign critics? The article aims at elaborating the media’s role in present public discussions about Writers and Literature.
Reconstructing the demographic history of divergence between European river and brook lampreys using approximate Bayesian computations
Authors: Rougemont Quentin , Roux Camille , Neuenschwander Samuel , Goudet Jerome , Launey Sophie , Evanno Guillaume
Published: April 2016

Inferring the history of isolation and gene flow during species divergence is a central question in evolutionary biology. The European river lamprey (Lampetra fluviatilis) and brook lamprey(L. planeri)show a low reproductive isolation but have highly distinct life histories, the former being parasitic-anadromous and the latter non-parasitic and freshwater resident. Here we used microsatellite data from six replicated population pairs to reconstruct their history of divergence using an approximate Bayesian computation framework combined with a random forest model. In most population pairs, scenarios of divergence with recent isolation were outcompeted by scenarios proposing ongoing gene flow, namely the Secondary Contact (SC) and Isolation with Migration (IM) models. The estimation of demographic parameters under the SC model indicated a time of secondary contact close to the time of speciation, explaining why SC and IM models could not be discriminated. In case of an ancient secondary contact, the historical signal of divergence is lost and neutral markers converge to the same equilibrium as under the less parameterized model allowing ongoing gene flow. Our results imply that models of secondary contacts should be systematically compared to models of divergence with gene flow; given the difficulty to discriminate among these models, we suggest that genome-wide data are needed to adequately reconstruct divergence history.
An overview of uncertainty quantification techniques with application to oceanic and oil‐spill simulations
Authors: Iskandarani Mohamed , Wang Shitao , Srinivasan Ashwanth , Carlisle Thacker W. , Winokur Justin , Knio Omar M.
Published: April 2016

We give an overview of four different ensemble‐based techniques for uncertainty quantification and illustrate their application in the context of oil plume simulations. These techniques share the common paradigm of constructing a model proxy that efficiently captures the functional dependence of the model output on uncertain model inputs. This proxy is then used to explore the space of uncertain inputs using a large number of samples, so that reliable estimates of the model's output statistics can be calculated. Three of these techniques use polynomial chaos (PC) expansions to construct the model proxy, but they differ in their approach to determining the expansions' coefficients; the fourth technique uses Gaussian Process Regression (GPR). An integral plume model for simulating the Deepwater Horizon oil‐gas blowout provides examples for illustrating the different techniques. A Monte Carlo ensemble of 50,000 model simulations is used for gauging the performance of the different proxies. The examples illustrate how regression‐based techniques can outperform projection‐based techniques when the model output is noisy. They also demonstrate that robust uncertainty analysis can be performed at a fraction of the cost of the Monte Carlo calculation.
A dynamic sediment model based on satellite‐measured concentration of the surface suspended matter in the East China Sea
Authors: Mao Zhihua , Pan Delu , Tang Charles L. , Tao Bangyi , Chen Jianyu , Bai Yan , Chen Peng , He Xianqiang , Hao Zengzhou , Huang Haiqing , Zhu Qiankun
Published: April 2016

The concentration of total suspended matter (TSM) at the sea surface is derived from satellite data using a complex proxy TSM model in East China Sea from 1997 to 2008. The structure of the mean TSM image is similar to that of the topography, indicating that the distribution of the surface concentration is strongly related to the water depth. A dynamic sediment model (DSM) is constructed to relate the TSM concentration at the sea surface with suspended sediment at the benthic boundary layer, the Rouse number, and the water depth. The DSM model is improved through iteration with a convergence identified by the mean relative difference between two adjacent bottom TSM images which becomes smaller with the more iterations and the value is less than 1% after 50 iterations. The performance of the DSM model is validated by satellite‐measured concentration with a mean relative error of 5.2% for the monthly mean images. The DSM model is used to deduce the bottom TSM concentration at the benthic boundary layer and the distribution of the Rouse number. The spatial distribution of the sea surface TSM concentration is determined predominately by both the bottom suspended sediment concentration and water depth. The temporal variation of the sea surface concentration mainly depends upon the Rouse number in the water column. Our result shows that the discharge of the Changjiang River can change the distribution of the Rouse number to form a band‐shaped region in the Changjiang Estuary. The DSM model provides a framework for understanding some of the mechanisms of the formation and variation of the primary TSM plume and the secondary plume in the ECS. The primary TSM plume corresponds approximately to the region with depth shallower than 20 m and the secondary plume corresponds to the region with depths between 20 and 50 m.
The reduction of friction in long runout landslides as an emergent phenomenon
Authors: Johnson Brandon C. , Campbell Charles S. , Melosh H. Jay
Published: April 2016

Campbell et al. (1995) modeled long runout landslides as granular flow using a soft particle code. Their model essentially simulates landslides from first principles, and although no fluid or obvious mechanism for reduction of friction is included, the model successfully reproduced many field observations of landslides (e.g., the preservation of source stratigraphy in the final slide mass and a decreasing effective friction with increasing slide volume). We extend the work of Campbell et al. (1995) with a focus on the mechanism that reduces friction in these slides. We find sliding preferentially occurs when the overburden is relieved by pressure variations in the slide. Further analysis shows that our results are very similar to the predictions of the acoustic fluidization hypothesis. Moreover, we determine that for long runout landslides the wavelength of vibrations associated with acoustic fluidization is determined by the size of the rock fragments in the slide.
Comparison of the Martian thermospheric density and temperature from IUVS/MAVEN data and general circulation modeling
Authors: Medvedev Alexander S. , Nakagawa Hiromu , Mockel Chris , Yiğit Erdal , Kuroda Takeshi , Hartogh Paul , Terada Kaori , Terada Naoki , Seki Kanako , Schneider Nicholas M. , Jain Sonal K. , Evans J. Scott , Deighan Justin I. , McClintock William E. , Lo Daniel , Jakosky Bruce M.
Published: April 2016

Newly released Imaging Ultraviolet Spectrograph/Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (IUVS/MAVEN) measurements of CO2 density in the Martian thermosphere have been used for comparison with the predictions of the Max Planck Institute Martian General Circulation Model (MPI‐MGCM). The simulations reproduced (within one standard deviation) the available zonal mean density and derived temperature above 130 km. The MGCM replicated the observed dominant zonal wave number 3 nonmigrating tide and demonstrated that it represents a nonmoving imprint of the topography in the thermosphere. The comparison shows a great dependence of the simulated density and temperature to the prescribed solar flux, atomic oxygen abundances and gravity wave effects, with the former two being especially important in the thermosphere above 130 km and the latter playing a significant role both in the mesosphere and thermosphere.
Does the Madden‐Julian Oscillation modulate stratospheric gravity waves?
Authors: Moss Andrew C. , Wright Corwin J. , Mitchell Nicholas J.
Published: April 2016

The circulation of the stratosphere is strongly influenced by the fluxes of gravity waves propagating from tropospheric sources. In the tropics, these gravity waves are primarily generated by convection. The Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) dominates the intraseasonal variability of this convection. However, the influence of the MJO on the variability of stratospheric gravity waves is largely unknown. Here we examine gravity wave potential energy at 26 km and the upper tropospheric zonal wind anomaly of the MJO at 200 hPa, sorted by the relative phase of the MJO using the Real Multivariate MJO indices. We show that a strong anticorrelation exists between gravity wave potential energy and the MJO eastward wind anomaly. We propose that this correlation is a result of the filtering of upward propagating waves by the MJO winds. The study provides the first observational evidence that the MJO contributes significantly to the global variability of stratospheric gravity waves in the tropics.
BARREL observations of a solar energetic electron and solar energetic proton event
Authors: Halford A. J. , McGregor S. L. , Hudson M. K. , Millan R. M. , Kress B. T.
Published: April 2016

During the second Balloon Array for Radiation Belt Relativistic Electron Losses (BARREL) campaign two solar energetic proton (SEP) events were observed. Although BARREL was designed to observe X‐rays created during electron precipitation events, it is sensitive to X‐rays from other sources. The gamma lines produced when energetic protons hit the upper atmosphere are used in this paper to study SEP events. During the second SEP event starting on 7 January 2014 and lasting ∼3 days, which also had a solar energetic electron (SEE) event occurring simultaneously, BARREL had six payloads afloat spanning all magnetic local time (MLT) sectors and L values. Three payloads were in a tight array (∼2 h in MLT and ∼2 ΔL) inside the inner magnetosphere and at times conjugate in both L and MLT with the Van Allen Probes (approximately once per day). The other three payloads mapped to higher L values with one payload on open field lines for the entire event, while the other two appear to be crossing from open to closed field lines. Using the observations of the SEE and SEP events, we are able to map the open‐closed boundary. Halford et al. (2015) demonstrated how BARREL can monitor electron precipitation following an interplanetary shock created by a coronal mass ejection (ICME‐shock) arrival at Earth, while in this study we look at the SEP event precursor to the arrival of the ICME‐Shock in our cradle‐to‐grave view: from flare, to SEE and SEP events, to radiation belt electron precipitation.
Mechanical and Electrical Ageing Effects on the Long‐Term Stretching of Silicone Dielectric Elastomers with Soft Fillers
Authors: Madsen Frederikke B. , Zakaria Shamsul , Yu Liyun , Skov Anne L.
Published: April 2016

Dielectric elastomer materials for actuators need to be soft and stretchable while possessing high dielectric permittivity. Soft silicone elastomers can be obtained through the use of silicone oils, while enhanced permittivity can be obtained through the use of dipolar groups on the polymer backbone. Such elastomers are prepared by adding soft fillers to a strong and relatively stiff elastomer, Elastosil LR3043/50. The long‐term stability of the materials is tested by straining the elastomers 60% statically for up to 3 months. The results show that soft fillers significantly influence the long‐term stability of silicone elastomers, with electrical breakdown strength being the most influenced. Especially high concentrations of silicone oils should be avoided for long‐term mechanical stability.
Influence of Biodegradable Poly(butylene carbonate) on Plasticized Polylactide Blown Films
Authors: Lang Xianzhong , Zhao Yan , Pan Hongwei , Yang Huili , Zhang Huiliang , Zhang Guibao , Dong Lisong , Hao Yanping
Published: April 2016

The polylactide (PLA) was blended with poly(1,2‐propylene glycol adipate) (PPA) and poly(butylene carbonate) (PBC). Then the extruded PLA/PPA/PBC blends were processed in the form of blown films. All of the ingredients used in the films are biodegradable. The miscibility, fracture surface morphology, and rheological properties of the PLA/PPA/PBC blends, further thermal properties, the tear‐fracture surface morphology, crystalline morphology, and mechanical and optical properties of the blown films were investigated. PPA did not enhance the miscibility between PLA and PBC. From SEM micrographs of the cryogenically fracture surfaces, PBC particles evenly dispersed in the PLA matrix. It could increase the nucleating density of the spherulites and decrease the size of the spherulites of PLA. The results indicated that the 85.5/9.5/5 PLA/PPA/PBC film had excellent tensile strength, elongation at break, tear strength, and transmittancy. The shear yielding induced by cavitation of PBC particles was the major tearing mechanism during the film tear test. The enzymatic degradation of PLA was slightly retarded in the presence of both PPA and PBC. These findings contribute new knowledge to the additives area and give important implications for manufacturing biodegradable polymer packaging materials.
DNA repair pathways underlie a common genetic mechanism modulating onset in polyglutamine diseases
Authors: Bettencourt Conceição , Hensman‐Moss Davina , Flower Michael , Wiethoff Sarah , Brice Alexis , Goizet Cyril , Stevanin Giovanni , Koutsis Georgios , Karadima Georgia , Panas Marios , Yescas‐Gómez Petra , García‐Velázquez Lizbeth Esmeralda , Alonso‐Vilatela María Elisa , Lima Manuela , Raposo Mafalda , Traynor Bryan , Sweeney Mary , Wood Nicholas , Giunti Paola ,   The SPATAX Network, Durr Alexandra , Holmans Peter , Houlden Henry , Tabrizi Sarah J. , Jones Lesley
Published: April 2016

Objective

The polyglutamine diseases, including Huntington's disease (HD) and multiple spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs), are among the commonest hereditary neurodegenerative diseases. They are caused by expanded CAG tracts, encoding glutamine, in different genes. Longer CAG repeat tracts are associated with earlier ages at onset, but this does not account for all of the difference, and the existence of additional genetic modifying factors has been suggested in these diseases. A recent genome‐wide association study (GWAS) in HD found association between age at onset and genetic variants in DNA repair pathways, and we therefore tested whether the modifying effects of variants in DNA repair genes have wider effects in the polyglutamine diseases.

Methods

We assembled an independent cohort of 1,462 subjects with HD and polyglutamine SCAs, and genotyped single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) selected from the most significant hits in the HD study.

Results

In the analysis of DNA repair genes as a group, we found the most significant association with age at onset when grouping all polyglutamine diseases (HD+SCAs; p = 1.43 × 10–5). In individual SNP analysis, we found significant associations for rs3512 in FAN1 with HD+SCAs (p = 1.52 × 10–5) and all SCAs (p = 2.22 × 10–4) and rs1805323 in PMS2 with HD+SCAs (p = 3.14 × 10–5), all in the same direction as in the HD GWAS.

Interpretation

We show that DNA repair genes significantly modify age at onset in HD and SCAs, suggesting a common pathogenic mechanism, which could operate through the observed somatic expansion of repeats that can be modulated by genetic manipulation of DNA repair in disease models. This offers novel therapeutic opportunities in multiple diseases. Ann Neurol 2016;79:983–990
Online monitoring of drop/particle size and size distribution in liquid–liquid dispersions and suspension polymerizations by optical reflectance measurements
Authors: Xie Guiming , Pan Pengju , Bao Yongzhong
Published: April 2016

Evolutions of drop/particle size and size distribution in liquid–liquid dispersions and suspension polymerizations of methyl methacrylate (MMA) were monitored by using an online optical reflectance measurement (ORM), and effects of operating parameters such as the agitation rate, concentration of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) dispersant, and initial concentration of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) in MMA monomer on the Sauter mean diameter (d32) and size distribution of drop/particle were investigated. According to the variations of d32 of drops/particles with time, four characteristic particle formation stages can be identified for suspension polymerization process. The factors that lead to increase the rate of drop break up, such as increasing of concentration of PVA and decreasing of viscosity of dispersed phase, would postpone the particle growth stage. The d32 and size distribution breadth of drops/particles were significant increased when the liquid–liquid dispersions or suspension polymerizations were conducted at low PVA concentrations or MMA/PMMA solutions with high PMMA contents were used as the dispersed phase, in consistent with the scanning electron micrograph observation on final PMMA particles. It is clear that ORM can be effectively applied in online monitoring of size and size distribution of drops/particles in the liquid–liquid dispersions and suspension polymerizations. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43632.
Author publication preferences and journal competition
Authors: Hsieh Ji‐Lung
Published: April 2016

The processes that authors use to publish their papers in journals can be analyzed in terms of field‐specific practices. How they select targeted publications can influence competitive relationships among journals. In this paper, the author quantifies the publishing choices of a set of scholars to confirm this ecological perspective. The results indicate a strong focus on a small number of journals. A measure of author publishing choices was used to define four ecological characteristics: coverage, coreness, exclusivity, and journal overlap. Several types of journals indexed in the Information Science and Library Science section of the Journal Citation Reports are compared in terms of their ecological characteristics. The data show that some journals cover large numbers of authors, but compete with other journals in subcommunities. Some journals with author profiles similar to those of high‐ranking journals lost potential submissions. Others with low coverage, high coreness, and high exclusivity were found to have groups of “fans” who used them for all of their submissions, but still exhibited a strong need to sustain their exclusivity. It is hoped that the method and results presented in this paper will provide useful information for editorial boards interested in managing their submissions according to author profiles.
Metadata, infrastructure, and computer‐mediated communication in historical perspective
Authors: Fidler Bradley , Acker Amelia
Published: April 2016

In this paper we describe the creation and use of metadata on the early Arpanet as part of normal network function. By using the Arpanet Host‐Host Protocol and its sockets as an entry point for studying the generation of metadata, we show that the development and function of key Arpanet infrastructure can be studied by examining the creation and stabilization of metadata. More specifically, we use the Host‐Host Protocol's sockets as an example of something that, at the level of the network, functions as both network infrastructure and metadata simultaneously. By presenting the function of sockets in tandem with an overview of the Host‐Host Protocol, we argue for the further integrated study of infrastructure and metadata. Finally, we reintroduce the concept of infradata to refer specifically to data that locate data throughout an infrastructure and are required by the infrastructure to function, separating them from established and stabilized standards. We argue for the future application of infradata as a concept for the study of histories and political economies of networks, bridging the largely library and information science (LIS) study of metadata with the largely science and technology studies (STS) domain of infrastructure.
Bridging the gap between wikipedia and academia
Authors: Jemielniak Dariusz , Aibar Eduard
Published: April 2016

In this opinion piece, we would like to present a short literature review of perceptions and reservations towards Wikipedia in academia, address the common questions about overall reliability of Wikipedia entries, review the actual practices of Wikipedia usage in academia, and conclude with possible scenarios for a peaceful coexistence. Because Wikipedia is a regular topic of JASIST publications (Lim, 2009; Meseguer‐Artola, Aibar, Lladós, Minguillón, & Lerga, ; Mesgari, Okoli, Mehdi, Nielsen, & Lanamäki, ; Okoli, Mehdi, Mesgari, Nielsen, & Lanamäki, ), we hope to start a useful discussion with the right audience.
A Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C‐ITS)‐based lane‐changing advisory for weaving sections
Authors: Mai Trung , Jiang Rui , Chung Edward
Published: April 2016

Weaving sections, a common design of motorways, require extensive lane‐change manoeuvres. Numerous studies have found that drivers tend to make their lane changes as soon as they enter the weaving section, as the traffic volume increases. Congestion builds up as a result of this high lane‐changing concentration. Importantly, such congestion also limits the use of existing infrastructure, the weaving section downstream. This behaviour thus affects both safety and operational aspects. The potential tool for managing motorways effectively and efficiently is cooperative intelligent transport systems (C‐ITS). This research investigates a lane‐change distribution advisory application based on C‐ITS for weaving vehicles in weaving sections.

The objective of this research is to alleviate the lane‐changing concentration problem by coordinating weaving vehicles to ensure that such lane‐changing activities are evenly distributed over the existing weaving length. This is achieved by sending individual messages to drivers based on their location to advise them when to start their lane change.

The research applied a microscopic simulation in aimsun to evaluate the proposed strategy's effectiveness in a one‐sided ramp weave. The proposed strategy was evaluated using different weaving advisory proportions, traffic demands and penetration rates. The evaluation revealed that the proposed lane‐changing advisory has the potential to significantly improve delay. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maternal risk factors involved in specific congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract: A case–control study
Authors: Groen in 't Woud Sander , Renkema Kirsten Y. , Schreuder Michiel F. , Wijers Charlotte H.W. , van der Zanden Loes F.M. , Knoers Nine V.A.M. , Feitz Wout F.J. , Bongers Ernie M.H.F. , Roeleveld Nel , van Rooij Iris A.L.M.
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUND

Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) comprise a heterogeneous group of birth defects with a variety of genetic and nongenetic factors suspected of involvement in the etiology. However, little is known about risk factors in specific CAKUT phenotypes. Therefore, we studied potential maternal risk factors in individual phenotypes within the CAKUT spectrum.

METHODS

Questionnaire data were collected from parents of 562 children with CAKUT and 2139 healthy controls within the AGORA data‐ and biobank. Potential maternal risk factors investigated included folic acid use, overweight and obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption, subfertility, and diabetes mellitus. We performed logistic regression analyses to assess associations between these potential risk factors and CAKUT phenotypes.

RESULTS

Increased risks of CAKUT were observed for folic acid use and maternal obesity, while fertility treatment by in vitro fertilization or intrauterine insemination and diabetes diagnosed during pregnancy also seem to be associated with CAKUT. Use of multivitamins reduced the risk (odds ratio [OR], 0.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.2–1.0) as opposed to use of folic acid supplements only (OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.0–1.8). Folic acid use was associated with duplex collecting systems (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.0–3.4) and vesicoureteral reflux (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1–2.9) in particular. A relatively strong association was observed between diabetes during pregnancy and posterior urethral valves (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.1–5.9).

CONCLUSION

Use of folic acid only seems to be counterproductive for prevention of CAKUT, in contrast to multivitamin use. Furthermore, we observed differences in risk factor patterns among CAKUT phenotypes, which stress the importance of separate analyses for each phenotype. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 106:596–603, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prüftechnische Einflüsse auf das Ermüdungsverhalten hochfester feinkörniger Vergussbetone
Authors: Elsmeier Kerstin , Hümme Julian , Oneschkow Nadja , Lohaus Ludger
Published: April 2016

Hochfeste Vergussbetone finden häufig Einsatz im Bereich der Windenergieindustrie, wo sie hochzyklischen Beanspruchungen ausgesetzt sind. Bislang sind zum Ermüdungsverhalten solcher Betone jedoch vergleichsweise wenige Untersuchungsergebnisse vorhanden. Daher existieren bei der Beurteilung des Ermüdungsverhaltens hochfester Vergussbetone noch erhebliche Unsicherheiten. Am Institut für Baustoffe der Leibniz Universität Hannover konnte in ersten Untersuchungen ein abweichendes Ermüdungsverhalten von hochfesten Vergussbetonen gegenüber hochfesten Normalbetonen festgestellt werden. Die Ergebnisse der Untersuchungen deuten darauf hin, dass die auftretenden Unterschiede verschiedenen prüftechnischen Störeinflüssen geschuldet sind, die bei hochfesten Vergussbetonen einen stärkeren Einfluss auf das Ermüdungsverhalten ausüben als bei Normalbetonen. Die prüftechnischen Störeinflüsse werden insbesondere durch die Prüffrequenz hervorgerufen. Mit der Prüffrequenz einhergehend wirkt sich auch die Probekörpererwärmung infolge der zyklischen Beanspruchung auf die Ergebnisse der Ermüdungsversuche aus. In diesem Beitrag werden die Untersuchungsergebnisse hinsichtlich des Ermüdungsverhaltens hochfester Vergussbetone vorgestellt und prüftechnische Einflüsse und deren Auswirkungen auf das Ermüdungsverhalten aufgezeigt.

Technical testing influences on the fatigue behaviour of high‐strength grouting mortar

High‐strength grouting concretes are commonly used in the wind energy industry, where they are exposed to high cyclic stresses. However, so far, concerning the fatigue behaviour of these concretes is hardly any research available. Therefore, there are still considerable uncertainties regarding the fatigue behaviour of high‐strength grouting concretes. At the Institute of Building Materials Science, Leibniz Universität Hannover, deviating fatigue behaviour of high‐strength grouting concretes compared to a common high‐strength concrete could be determined in first investigations. The results of the investigations indicate that the differences in the fatigue behaviour are occurring due to various technical test influences, which exercise a stronger influence on the fatigue behaviour for high‐strength grouting concrete than common concrete. In particular, the testing frequency has a strong influence on the results of the fatigue investigations. Along with the testing frequency, the specimen heating due to the cyclic loading influences the results of the fatigue investigations. In this paper first results of the investigations concerning the fatigue behaviour of high‐strength grouting mortar and technical testing influences and their impact on the fatigue behaviour are presented.
Praxiserfahrungen zum Verstärken von Betonbrücken
Authors: Welsch Torsten , Reißen Karin , Schnellenbach‐Held Martina , Hegger Josef , von Weschpfennig Dieter , Haardt Peter
Published: April 2016

Steigende Beanspruchungen insbesondere durch Schwerlastverkehr und altersbedingte Tragfähigkeitsdefizite älterer Brückenbauwerke führen dazu, dass zahlreiche Betonbrücken instand gesetzt oder verstärkt werden müssen. Um einen Beitrag zur konstruktiv und wirtschaftlich erfolgreichen Durchführung zukünftiger Verstärkungsmaßnahmen zu leisten, wurde im Auftrag der Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen (BASt) eine Erfahrungssammlung zu “Verstärkungen älterer Beton‐ und Spannbetonbrücken” erstellt [1]. In der Dokumentation wird ein Überblick über den Stand der Technik der im Massivbrückenbau eingesetzten Verstärkungstechniken gegeben, und insgesamt 76 durchgeführte Verstärkungsmaßnahmen werden ausgewertet. Repräsentative Verstärkungsmaßnahmen werden in anonymisierter Form detailliert vorgestellt. Der vorliegende Bericht gibt einen Überblick über die in Kürze erscheinende Erfahrungssammlung [1], wobei die wesentlichen Erfahrungen der ausgewerteten Anwendungsfälle vorgestellt werden.

Experiences on the Strengthening of Concrete Bridges

Increasing loads, in particular by heavy‐duty traffic, and age‐related load‐bearing deficits of older bridges result in the need of repairing and strengthening numerous concrete bridges. In order to contribute to a successful realization of future strengthening measures, a collection of experiences focusing on economical and constructive perspectives was provided on behalf of the German Federal Highway Research Institute (BASt). In this documentation [1], an overview is given on the state of the art of strengthening technologies for reinforced and prestressed concrete bridges, and the experiences of 76 strengthening measures are summarized. Representative strengthening measures are presented in anonymized form. This report describes the new documentation [1], and essential experiences of the evaluated cases of application are introduced.
Factors Associated with Review Board Dispositions following Re‐hospitalization among Discharged Persons found Not Criminally Responsible
Authors: Wilson Catherine M. , Nicholls Tonia L. , Charette Yanick , Seto Michael C. , Crocker Anne G.
Published: April 2016

In the Canadian forensic mental health system, a person found Not Criminally Responsible on account of Mental Disorder (NCRMD) and given a conditional discharge returns to the community while remaining under the jurisdiction of a provincial/territorial Review Board. However, the individual can be re‐hospitalized while on conditional discharge, for reasons such as substance use, violation of conditions, or violence. We investigated whether being re‐hospitalized has an impact on the factors associated with the subsequent Review Board disposition. Persons found NCRMD from the three largest Canadian provinces who were conditionally discharged at least once during the observation period were included in the sample (N = 1,367). These individuals were involved in 2,920 disposition hearings; nearly one‐third of patients (30%) were re‐hospitalized after having been conditionally discharged by the Review Board. The factors examined included the scales of the Historical Clinical Risk Management‐20 and salient behavior that occurred since the previous hearing, such as substance use or violence. The greater presence of clinical items resulted in a greater likelihood of a hospital detention decision at the next hearing. The effect was larger for the re‐hospitalized group than for the group who successfully remained in the community since the last hearing. The results suggest that dynamic factors, specifically indicators of mental health, are heavily weighted by the Review Boards, consistent with the literature on imminent risk and in line with the NCRMD legislation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aromatic Fused [30] Heteroannulenes with NIR Absorption and NIR Emission: Synthesis, Characterization, and Excited‐State Dynamics
Authors: Mallick Abhijit , Oh Juwon , Kim Dongho , Rath Harapriya
Published: April 2016

Two hitherto unknown planar aromatic [30] fused heterocyclic macrocycles (1.1.0.1.1.0), with NIR absorption in free‐base form and protonation‐induced enhanced NIR emission, have been synthesized from easy to make precursors. The induced correspondence of fusion on the macrocyclic structure, electronic absorption, and emission spectra have been highlighted.
Die Notbremse
Authors: Groß Michael
Published: April 2016

Wenn ein bestimmtes Gen in mehr als der Hälfte aller untersuchten Krebsgeschwüre in mutierter Version auftaucht, dann muss es sich doch um ein böses Onkogen handeln, das diese Erkrankungen mit verursacht hat – oder etwa nicht? Nach der Entdeckung des p53‐Gens im Jahre 1979 glaubte die Wissenschaft rund zehn Jahre lang an die Schuld dieses Gens. Erst 1989 stellte sich heraus, dass die Sachlage in Wahrheit genau andersherum ist: p53 ist ein so wirkungsvoller Schutz gegen Krebs, dass die meisten Arten von Tumoren erst dann gedeihen können, wenn sie diesen Wächter unschädlich gemacht haben.
A Shock Wave Experimental Study on Damaping Olivine and Estimation of its Parameters for Equation of State
Authors: Zu‐An CHEN , Xian‐Hao YUAN , Xiao‐Ge HUANG , Fu‐Sheng LIU , Xiati DILI , Wu‐Ming BAI
Published: April 2016

Experiments of dynamic high pressure using shock wave are very effective to study physical properties of material under super‐pressure. A shock wave experimental study on Damaping olivine with pressure from 10 to 45 GPa is reported in this paper. Combining previous works about isothermal equation of state for olivine, the temperature in experimental process is determined. The temperatures range from dozens of degrees to 800 °C when the pressures of our experiments are between 10 and 30 GPa. The density variation with pressure is obtained from our experiments and ranges from 3.627 to 4.009 g·cm−3. According to recover experiment of the sample and estimated temperatures under experimental pressures, it is derived that the phase transition during our experimental process under pressures of 30GP did not occur. Meanwhile, the parameters for equation of state are determined. Finally, the geodynamic implication of the experimental results to interior material movement in mantle is discussed, i.e. cold slab with metastable olivine is easily to sink into the mantle's transitional zone.
A Study on Earthquake Triggering: Solution to the Paradox of Coulomb Stress Increase with Frictional Coefficients
Authors: Shou‐Biao ZHU , Miao MIAO
Published: April 2016

Coulomb stress change calculation has been playing an important part in investigating fault interactions and earthquake triggering. However, the results of most workers showed that Coulomb stress changes (or earthquake triggering effect) would become larger and larger with the increase of apparent frictional coefficients. This phenomenon is clearly in contradiction with our common knowledge in which frictional stress always resists fault slips and inhibits earthquakes under any circumstances. By analyzing the formula for calculating Coulomb stress changes (ΔCFS), we found that previous researchers did not take into account the additional ΔCFS which are only resulted from the variations of frictional coefficients. Suppose the depth of typical receiver fault is 15 km, the value of combined ΔCFS will be as large as ∼39.2 MPa when the variation of apparent friction coefficient is 0.1 (e.g., from 0.3 to 0.4), whereas traditional ΔCFS is only 0.8 MPa. If we incorporated the additional ΔCFS in calculation, the above contradiction will disappear completely. Therefore, it is suggested that we should consider changes of combined ΔCFS due to the variation of friction coefficient, especially when we compare different Coulomb stress models with different apparent frictional coefficients.
Research on the Application of Borehole Seismometer Azimuth Detection Technology
Authors: Shao‐Rui LI , Guo‐Liang MAO , Dang‐Xi WANG , Zhi‐Guo LUO
Published: April 2016

A waveform correlation based method is developed to estimate component azimuths of borehole seismometers. The robustness and measurement precision is also examined. The method is first calibrated with surface sensors with known sensor orientation. Different types of sensors placed at various distance from to target station are used to evaluate the robustness of the method and precision in the measured azimuth. The method is then applied to 6 borehole stations located in Sichuan, Ningxia, He'nan and Shaanxi provinces that are equipped with very broadband, broadband and short‐period borehole sensors. Multiple surface stations with broadband and short‐period seismometers are installed as reference stations to estimate the component azimuths of the 6 borehole sensors. Based on the noise peaks in the period range of 1 to 10 s of the global noise model, we applied a bandpass filter with a pass band 0.2∼0.3 Hz to the recorded noise data. We further applied a convolution technique to simulate short‐period record from broadband data when processing a broadband/short‐period sensor pair. Our analyses indicate that the measured component azimuths with different reference stations agree very well with each other. Based on the calibration results with surface station pairs, we expect the precision in the measured borehole azimuth is less than 4°.
Re‐Exploration into Migration of Seismic Data
Authors: Sheng‐Chang CHEN , Hua‐Ming ZHOU
Published: April 2016

The formula of migration of seismic data is re‐derived by using the forward propagation equations of seismic waves, in which the migration of seismic data is viewed as an approximate solution to the linear waveform inverse problem, a scattering migration method suitable for scattering seismic data and a reflection migration method suitable for reflection seismic data are proposed. Based on the scattering theory of seismic wave propagation, firstly we study and establish the migration theory for scattering seismic data through the linear equation describing the forward propagation of primary scattering wave. A subsurface reflectivity function is derived by applying the high frequency approximation to the spatial variation of velocity perturbation function generating the scattering field, and a forward propagation equation of reflection wave using the reflectivity function is derived from the propagation equation of scattering wave, then we study and establish the migration theory for reflection seismic data through the linear equation describing the forward propagation of primary reflection wave. We pointed out and corrected the shortcomings in Claerbout's migration method. The migration method of seismic data introduced in this paper is an improvement to current migration technique and theory, and establishes a solid theoretical base of mathematical physics for the migration of reflection seismic data. The migration results from the new methods have correct phase, accurate position and improved resolution.