bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Al2O3/ZrO2 Hybrid on the Fracture Toughness and Flexural Properties of PMMA Denture Base
Authors: Alhareb Ahmed Omran , Ahmad Zainal Arifin
Published: December 2010

The investigation of ceramic filler on the properties of denture base materials made from PMMA filled with Al2O3/ZrO2 was carried out. The amount of Al2O3/ZrO2 filler was fixed at 5 wt%. However, the ratios of Al2O3 to ZrO2 added were varied from 0 to 100. Samples were prepared for fracture toughness and flexural test. The findings were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The findings were recorded that the Al2O3/ZrO2 ratios show higher fracture toughness and flexural properties than PMMA matrix. SEM micrographs indicate that distribution of Al2O3 and ZrO2 in the PMMA matrix is fairly homogeneous. The mixing method was good between reinforcement particles and PMMA matrix. Therefore, addition of six ratios of Al2O3/ZrO2 with PMMA and this mixture is able to improve the mechanical properties of this denture base material.
Rietveld Quantitative Phase Analysis of Non-Stoichiometric Cordierite Synthesised from Mainly Talc and Kaolin: Effect of Sintering Temperature
Authors: Banjuraizah Johar , Hasmaliza Mohamad , Ahmad Zainal Arifin
Published: December 2010

Indialite or α-cordierite was synthesized by glass crystallization method using mainly talc and kaolin and with small amount of MgO, Al2O3, SiO2 to compensate the chemical formulation of non-stoihiometric compositions of cordierite. (3MgO.1.5Al2O3.5SiO2). B2O3, P2O5 and CaO was also added to decrease the melting and sintering temperature of cordierite. The glasses were pelletized and sintered from 850oC up to 1050oC. Phase compositions of both heat treated glass was quantified by X-ray powder diffraction data by the Rietveld method using TOPAS Ver 3 software. Result shows that about 60wt% of α cordierite has successfully crystallized at 850oC. Beside secondary phases (forsterite) which come from initial raw materials, phases from grinding media were also presents in the sample. The contamination was considered high since it has reacted with existence phases to form a new phase at higher temperature. Without any contamination from grinding it was expected to obtain more than 90wt% α cordierite using the same composition.
Effect of Fractional Precipitation on Quality of Nanostructured Alumina Produced from Black Aluminium Dross Waste
Authors: Meor Yusoff M.S. , Masliana Muslimin , Wilfred Paulus
Published: December 2010

Black aluminium dross produced from a local aluminium smelting plant was used in this study. Solvothermal method was used to produce nanostructured alumina from this waste. Initial product obtained is of low quality with 86.9% Al2O3 content and mixed crystalline phases of 71% α-alumina and 29% calcium dodeca aluminate (CaO(Al2O3)6). The introduction of the fractional precipitation stage into the process helps in improving the purity of the alumina product to 96.5% and also produces 100% α-alumina crystalline phase. The study also shows that the crystallite size of the α-alumina products produced from this process is less than 100nm.
Development of a Simultaneous Elemental Analysis for Clay Minerals Using EDXRF
Authors: Meor Yusoff M.S. , Masliana Muslimin , Wilfred Paulus , Parimala D.
Published: December 2010

the paper relates a study in developing a quantitative elemental analysis for clay minerals by the EDXRF technique. Elements of interest are Al, Si, K, Ca, Ti and Fe. The regression method involved development of calibration graphs of each of these elements using six different clay minerals reference standards. straight lines were obtained from these calibration graphs with r2 values ranging from 0.923 to 0.997. The accuracy of this regression method was then tested by comparing the quantitative analysis result obtained from fundamental parameter method using argillaceous limestone reference standard as the sample. Fundamental parameter method gives a more accurate result than that of the regression method.
Structural Properties Studies of GaN on 6H-SiC by Means of X-Ray Diffraction Technique
Authors: Guan Ching Chin , Ng Sha Shiong , Zainuriah Hassan , Haslan Abu Hassan
Published: December 2010

Epitaxial growth of GaN has become an interest topic in term of light emitting device fabrication. Most of the commercial GaN based device is normally grown on sapphire substrate. For power device application, SiC has been found to be a desirable candidate for GaN epilayer due to their high thermal conductivity, small lattice mismatch, and hexagonal lattice mismatch with cleaved facet for the laser cavity. In this paper, X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique is employed to study the structural properties of GaN thin film grown on 6H-SiC substrate. For conventional XRD -2 scan, only diffraction peaks from GaN (002) and its multiple diffractions were observed, along with diffractions from SiC (006) peak. These results suggested that the GaN film is in wurtzite phase. For XRD rocking curve of omega scan of (002) diffraction plane of the GaN, a full width at half maximum of about 259 arcsec is obtained.
Growth of Cu-Zn5 and Cu5Zn8 Intermetallic Compounds in the Sn-9Zn/Cu Joint during Liquid State Aging
Authors: Mayappan Ramani , Zaman Rosyaini A. , Abidin Zalina Z. , Asmawati Fatinnajihah Alias , Derman Mohd Nazree
Published: December 2010

The phase and intermetallic thickness of Cu-Zn5 and Cu5Zn8 has been investigated under liquid state aging using reflow method. Both intermetallics were formed by reacting Sn-9Zn lead free solder with copper substrate. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to see the morphology of the phases and energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) was used to estimate the elemental compositions of the phases. The morphology of the Cu5Zn8 phase was rather flat but when the soldering temperature and time increases, the morphology becomes scallop. Intermetallic thickness measurements show that the thickness of Cu-Zn5 decreases with increasing soldering time and temperature. Whereas, the thickness of Cu5Zn8 intermetallic increases with soldering time and temperature.
A Study of Digital Watermark Algorithm Based on HVS for Halftone Images
Authors: Feng Chun Hui , Liu Quan Xiang
Published: December 2010

Special printing material and special techniques are used for the purpose of fighting against the piracy of the presswork. But these methods require high standard technology and high production costs. Using digital watermark can guarantee a strong and low cost protection for the presswork. Existing digital watermark algorithms for halftone images are mostly applied to FM (Frequency Modulation) screening and these algorithms usually complete the embedding process by modulating the coefficients of the frequency domain. Such algorithms are relatively complex, and they are easy to lose information so that it will make a lower detection probability. Moreover, in the actual printing process, AM (Amplitude Modulation) screening is the more mature and more widely used method compared with FM screening. The subject of this article is monochrome presswork generated by AM screening. The structure of this article is as follows: The first section uses the principle of HVS (Human Visual System) model to select the area in which the watermark will be embedded. The second section uses different screening threshold matrixes to create the printing dots in the selected area. In this way, a texture of certain direction is formed. The last section uses Fourier Power Spectrum method to detect the texture features of the screened image to complete the detection of the watermark. The result of the experiment shows that this algorithm can generate a digital watermark of good transparency and high detection effectiveness. It combines a unique AM screening approach to complete the embedding process. All the processes do not require any additional equipment, and the embedding and detection process are quite simple.
Generation of High Dynamic Range Image Based on Tone Composition of Multiple Images for Identical Scene
Authors: Zhang Lei , Jin Yang , Liu Zhen
Published: December 2010

A High Dynamic Range Image (HDRI) processing method is described, which multiple images of identical scene but with different exposure amount can be processed. The processing method is: A composite distribution, which is as target distribution of HDRI, is derived by pixel counts accumulation of the multiple original images. The accumulated distribution curve of target HDRI is then computed. To generate a composite image as original, a weighting method is used and the gray levels of pixels are calculated based on pixels in the multiple images. The tone distribution and the accumulative distribution curve are also obtained. Finally, using the accumulative distribution curve of the target image and of the composite image, a tone-converting curve is derived to transform the composite image to HDRI. The result shows that this method can make better use of gradation information of the original images. The tone range and the contrast of target image are extended.
Study of Anti-Counterfeit Printing with Cylindrical Lens Sheet Basic on Screening Copy
Authors: Liu Zhen , Ren Le Yi
Published: December 2010

Grating material can have security effects in print for its specific optical properties. In this paper, the technology of copyright protection used in Screening Copy is studied basic on the optical properties of cylindrical lens sheet and screening. Firstly, the relation of the parameter of cylindrical lens sheet and the parameters of half-tone image is studied. Achieving the arithmetic what used to set dot basic on the relation. Secondly, imitating the experiment in Photoshop cs2 and setting dot after transferring the image to halftone use the screening of it. Meanwhile, generate the layer which has the effect of cylindrical lens sheet and can get the imitate effect while rotate the layer. In the experiment, using the printer of Epson 7880 to print the image and examining the security through corresponding cylindrical lens sheet. The experiment proves the hidden information only can be seen though cylindrical lens sheet and it shows the anti-counterfeit way have well effect in screening copy. And the equipment and processes are not needed too much for this way, so the anti-counterfeit effect can be achieved in the condition of not adding cost.
A Robust Digital Watermarking Algorithm Based on Digital Image Security
Authors: Hu Xin Ying , Zhao Xiu Ping
Published: December 2010

Digital watermarking has been proposed as a way to claim the ownership of the source and owner of the digital image data. In this paper, A robust algorithm based on DCT region is proposed to improve the image security. The main transforming is based on DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform). The algorithm was processed in the MATLAB software. In this paper, images of gray scale and RGB color scale were researched respectively. For color images, in order to get the best image quality, the RGB scale was transformed to YcbCr scale. Then, the Y channel (brightness channel) was separated, in which the watermark was embedded and extracted. The results show that the algorithm embedded a certain size of black and white Bitmap image into gray and color images. The watermark can’t be seen by the naked eye. The robustness detection experiment was also carried out. The watermark can still be extracted after certain amount of tailoring, defacing, Gaussian noise, and format changes. The similarity is more than 0.7. It confirmed that the algorithm is highly robust.
Development for Parametric Design System of Packaging Carton Based on Visual Basic and AutoCAD Platform
Authors: Liu Guo Dong , Zhang Mei Yun , Liang Qiao Ping , Zhang Hong Ping
Published: December 2010

Aiming at the complicated design process and expensive design software of packaging carton, the completely parametric design system of packaging carton was developed according to the general method and model of structural design and the general form of the graphic display and output of packaging carton on the Visual Basic and AutoCAD platform. A new design pattern for packaging carton was formed in this system, which can design the structural graphic of packaging carton on the Visual Basic and exhibit it in the AutoCAD. Its workflow accorded with traditional one. The system can remedy the limitation of design process, improve design efficiency, and reduce the design cost.
On Implementation of a JDF-Based Printing Process Searching
Authors: Luo Ru Bai , Li Yan Lei , Zhou Shi Sheng
Published: December 2010

Based on the study of definition of printing production intent with JDF, and the completed study of printing process planning modeling based on polychromatic sets theory, the solution of printing process searching was proposed in this paper. First, the JDF document which includes the Product Node was parsed to acquire the “requirements of printing production in terms of client”. Second, printing order was analyzed to acquire the “requirements of printing production in terms of non-client”. At last, the printing process was calculated with the polychromatic-sets-theory based printing process search algorithm. The printing process searching prototype software was developed by Java, and a print job was analyzed to verify the solution.
The Linear Map Printing Quality Auto-Detection Based on Dynamic Threshold Algorithm
Authors: Deng Jin Chun , Shi Rui Zhi , Sheng Chao , Fan Kai Bo
Published: December 2010

This paper discusses the defects of the traditional way of map printing quality detection, which is not adapted to digital and standardization demand of map printing. With the analysis of the element characteristics of the linear map, the theory model of the linear map printing quality auto detection system, based on dynamic threshold algorithm, is put forward. And the way of making the standard map image, image registration and the printing defects extraction is studied in the paper. The experiment shows that this algorithm has high detection precision, and can avoid the interferential pixel which may affect the judgment of printing defects. At the same time, the feasibility of this scheme is available and it has important significance for the improvement of linear map printing speed.
Study on the Online Ink Testing with CCD Based on Calabro-Mercatucci Model
Authors: Liu Zhen , Yang Hua
Published: December 2010

With the increasing of press’ speed and the people’s requirement, online testing of printed stock becomes to the development direction. The ink metering control is an important part of printing quality control. So this paper sets up a three-dimensional curved surface model of the CCD’s RGB values and the best ink film thicknesses based on Calabro-Mercatucci model, which can be applied to the online ink testing with CCD. Firstly, we printed cyan magenta yellow black color bitches of different ink film thicknesses and got their optical densities and RGB values with measuring tools. Afterwards, we got the parameters in Calabro-Mercatucci model with the experimental data through the least square algorithm and then got the scale of the best ink film thickness. Last, we set up the three-dimensional curved surface model of the CCD’s RGB values and the best ink film thicknesses through ‘v4’ algorithm in matlab tools. With this three-dimensional curved surface model, we can judge whether the thickness corresponding to the RGB values is in the range of the best ink film thickness. It is proved that this method can indicate the relationship between CCD’s RGB values and the ink film thickness and be applied to detect the ink metering after tested.
Offset Ink Quantity Estimation Model Based on Image Block Processing
Authors: Zhao Lei , Chen Guang Xue
Published: December 2010

In the offset printing industry, ink quantity plays an important role. At the present time, ink evaluation usually depends on human naked eyes. Although the method is easily to carry out, to the same original image, the results usually differ from the practical ones. In the research, processed gray prepress digital images to be input into plate making device are considered, with image block processing theory, according to parameters such as screening lines and ink density and so on, the ink quantity of the original image on the printed sheet is figured out. Similarly, batch printed sheets ink quantity could be calculated. The experiment shows that the ink quantity reaches rather high exactitude, approaches factual ink quantity in the printing workroom with fairly high precision.
The Spectral Reflectance Model of Coloring Images Printed on Holographic Papers
Authors: Wan Xiao Xia , Liu Zhen , Huang Xin Guo , Zhu Hong Yan , Dai Chang Xiong , Xiao Chao , Sun Peng
Published: December 2010

The goal of the work proposed in this dissertation is to develop a new method for the chrominance measurement and predict the spectral reflectance. Since the special feature of the holographic paper, it can reflect rainbow colors when it is in daylight, and the chrominance and the density of reflected light would change along with the observation angle changing, so when ink is printed, the chrominance and the quality of the products are difficult to detect. In this paper, we followed the convention of radiometry, derived the light distribution regular model of the interaction of light when it printed on holographic papers, and derived a new model to detect the chrominance information by changing the illumination condition. Finally, we established a spectral reflectance model by considering on the propagation of light.
A Novel Method to Qualify the Status of Printing Process Rapidly
Authors: Wang Ying , Liu Hao Xue , Huang Min
Published: December 2010

According to the characteristics of ink feeding and printing quality control principles, a new test sheet was designed for qualifying press state and the test results were discussed in this paper. This test sheet was printed under the condition that printing ink volume for different ink zone is identical. Solid density, dot gain and print contrast of different printing ink volume were simulated on a single test sheet, and thus the optimal printing status can be determined quickly. Experiment results show that this method is accessible, economic, and rapid. The optimum solid density values can be got easily for all primary colors on a single test sheet. This method is suit for the adjustment of printing status.
Analyses on the Influencing Factors of Screen-Printing Technology of Liquid Wallpaper Paint
Authors: Zhang Chuan Xiang , Li Xiao Dong , Zhao Dong Bai
Published: December 2010

The application status and existing problems of liquid wallpaper paint screen printing in wall decoration were analyzed, and through the analysis original production, screen plate-making, the effects of printing process on the quality of liquid wallpaper paint printing on the wall were discussed. Experiments find that when screen mesh was in the range of 150 to 300 mesh per inch, scumming can be effectively avoided, the thickness of the film can be guaranteed, and can making printing stereoscopic; Limiting the exposure time from 45 to 65 seconds can get high quality screen plate. To take manual scraping with the blade angle of about 45 degrees, can guarantee the best printing quality and film thickness etc.
Research on the Methods of the Testing on the Value of the Cylinder's Axial Bounce of the Press
Authors: Wu Shu Qin , Wang Yi Ming , Cai Ji Fei , Zhang Shao Hua
Published: December 2010

Printing cylinder driven by helical gear is the basic requirements of the modern printing press. Helical gear transmission necessarily produces component force in axial. It brings about a small displacement in axial to the cylinder, that is, axial bounce. The axial placement is too small or too large during the printing process, which both will have harmful effects on printed matter. At the same time, the axial playing of the cylinder is one of the important performance standards to determine printing press. The modern high-speed printing press has a higher requirement on mechanic properties and axial bounce. We tested on the cylinders of press and analyzed on the placement of the cylinders in order to effectively master and control the displacement in axial in the case of the printing press running with high-speed. We chose a four-color offset press as the test objects and reasonably selected measurement points on the cylinder shaft end face. We collected vibration signals of the blanket cylinders, impress cylinders and transfer cylinders. Then obtain the placement in axial of the cylinders with quadrature method. Analysis shows that the higher the printing speed, the larger the placement of the same type cylinder in axial is, which shows that the placement of the cylinders in axial has something to do with the printing speed. At the same speed, the blanket cylinder have a larger placement in axial than impress cylinder and transfer cylinder. Which shows that the placement of the cylinders in axial has connection to the cylinder assembly structure. Test data accord well with the actual structure and assembling condition, which can be considered as the theoretical basis to control the placement of cylinder in axial.
A Miniature Handheld Automatic Detected Device for Register
Authors: Zhang Tie Feng , Zhao Bo , Lu Guo Tao , Wang Jun , Sun Zhi Hui
Published: December 2010

In present market, there is no automatic detected device for register in medium and small single-sheet offset, and the registration precision usually adjusted by handwork that is time-consuming and imprecision. To solve this problem, an automatic detected device for register of single-sheet offset based on image processing is proposed. The device takes photos of registration markers through high precision CMOS camera controlled by single chip computer, and then detects transversal deviation, longitudinal deviation, and diagonal deviation of registration markers through Hough transform. Experiments indicate that transversal deviation precision and longitudinal deviation precision of this device is 0.01 millimeter, when this automatic detected device is applied.
Study on the Vibration of a Paper-Transferring Mechanism
Authors: Cai Ji Fei , Huang Yuan , Wang Xin Zhu
Published: December 2010

To improve the stability of a Paper-Transferring Mechanism (PTM), a profound understanding must be made on its vibration characteristics, on which based, a modified design was made. Through kinetic and dynamic analysis of the PTM, the natural frequencies were obtained based on the vibration signal detection and noise signal analysis. To reduce the vibration response of the PTM, first is to reduce its maximum acceleration and reduce the quality of moving parts and improve its quality distribution, then structural modification to the wallboards and pull beams of the platform should be made to render its inherent frequencies from its working frequencies.
Design and Research on the Pneumatic Packaging Manipulator Based on GT-Designer Configuration Software
Authors: Chai Cheng Wen , Chen Yuan Xu , Wang Yi Ming
Published: December 2010

A coordinated control method of manipulator driven by multiple pneumatic cylinders was proposed herein. Based on the characteristics of the strip-shaped products and processing requirements of the automatic packaging product line, a manipulator for clamping the products to performing the space position transformation and rotation was designed by using the software SolidWorks. The multi-cylinders sequential operational circuit composed of two rod-less pneumatic cylinders and three general pneumatic cylinders and the corresponding control valves was virtually debugged by using the software FluidSim. The control system was also constructed of PLC module with the touching screen, whose program was compiled and simulated in the software GX Developer and Simulator. And the monitor interface of the touching screen was developed in the configuration software GT-Designer, which is used to monitor the operation status of the PLC control system of the manipulator. Finally，experiments was performed on the proto device. Results of experiments demonstrated that the design method and constructing schedule of the manipulator could realize the grasping of multiple strip-shaped products and their space translation, rotation and packaging, and the manual packaging of the multiple strip-shaped products could be substituted with the manipulator.
The Status and Progress of Waste Paper Deinking
Authors: Fang Chang Qing , Hu Jing Bo , Zhang Ying , Yu Rui En , Zhang Min
Published: December 2010

Waste paper recycling refers to a process of regeneration-ink and other impurities being removed from waste materials and pulp fibers being recycled. The ink is the main impurity for waste paper. Especially, the residual ink influences the quality of deinking pulp and determines its purpose. Therefore, to expand the scope of deinking pulp use, inks must be removed as much as possible, to reduce the residual volume.
Investigation into the Effect of Coating Thickness on Ink Penetration by LSCM
Authors: Li Ying , He Bei Hai
Published: December 2010

Cutting is a relative accurate method in the literatures about ink penetration measurement at present. But cutting may bring some damages to paper, which reduces reliability of measurement result. The objective of this experiment was to investigate the influence of coating thickness on ink penetration and characterize the penetration depth through quantitative analysis by Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope (LSCM). Fluorescent ink was used to observe and characterize ink penetration by LSCM. Three-dimensional images of ink pigment penetration were obtained by reconstructing all XY plane images. The results implied that it was reliable and effective method using LSCM to characterize the ink penetration depth and distribution uniformity. It could be concluded that the print quality could be adjusted and improved by increasing the coating thickness.
Study on the Ink Penetration Behavior of the Offset Paper Surface
Authors: Zhang Xiao Lin , Wang Ru Min
Published: December 2010

In the offset process, ink penetration performance has extremely important influence on the quality of printed products. Ink penetration behavior and ink transfer volume on the offset paper surface were researched with the aid of IGT printability tester (AIC2-5) in the conditions of temperature 20±3°C and humidity of 60 ± 5%. Effect of different printing pressure and printing speed on the ink penetration depth was discussed, and at the same time, the depth was measured by GX71 Inverted Metallurgical Microscope. The results showed that, with the increasing of printing pressure, the changes of ink penetration depth and the ink transfer volume on offset paper surface were increased firstly and then decreased. When printing pressure was 400N, the ink penetration depth reached the maximum 71.67μm and the ink transfer volume reached the maximum too. With the enhancing of printing speed, ink penetration depth and ink transfer volume would be decreased gradually. The study also found that ink penetration behavior had certain influence on the ink color forming properties. For the offset paper used in this experiment, when ink penetration depth was 60.0μm~63.0μm, the print had high ink color intensity and color efficiency. When the ink penetration depth was too deep, ink color intensity and color efficiency was significantly reduced, while the color hue error would be increased, the print ink color turned shallow.
Blending Property of Water-Based UV-Curable Polyurethane Acrylate and Epoxy Acrylate
Authors: Chu Fu Qiang
Published: December 2010

Water-based UV-curable prepolymers are novel environmentally friendly materials. The blending property of two kinds of the prepolymers, water-based UV-curable polyurethane acrylate (UVPU) and water-based UV-curable epoxy acrylate (WEA), was studied in this paper. Blending compatibility, curing rate, optical and mechanical properties, and the cross-section morphology of the cured films of UVPU and WEA were investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), UV-visible spectrophotometer (UV-vis) and Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). Results indicated that the two prepolymers had good blending compatibility and high curing rate under UV radiation. The elongation at break of the cured film by WEA mixed with 20 wt% UVPU had 1.5 times increase compared to pure WEA, and the gloss increased 23% compared to pure UVPU, but the tensile strength decreased slightly. The morphology showed that the molecules of the two prepolymers polymerized each other and formed a network similar to the structure of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks (IPN). The comprehensive properties of the film were improved by blending of WEA and UVPU, and could be widely applied in the fields of coating varnish or printing ink.
Study on Rheological Properties of Liquid Electronic Ink
Authors: Wang Yu , Wei Xian Fu , Du Xiao Juan
Published: December 2010

With the development and advancement, digital printing has become a leading technology. Liquid electronic ink is a kind of charged liquid ink, which is the core of HP Indigo different from others. The particle of ink is small with good color reproduction, stable physical property and the printed material widely. It is the only ink of digital printing to reproduce 95% of Pantone colors. The purpose of the experiment is getting the rheological curves in a different proportion of the original electronic ink mixed with the image oil. The impact of the proportion of image oil to the viscosity and surface tension will be got to discuss the function of the oil in printing. We mixed the ink and oil at the proportion of 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 1:2, 1:3, and tested the steady-state rheology and dynamic rheology. The results show that with the mixture proportion changed, the viscosity change.
Image Gamut Visualization Based on Ball-Pivoting Algorithm
Authors: Lin Mao Hai , Zhou Shi Sheng , Luo Yun Hui
Published: December 2010

The image-to-device gamut mapping algorithm which takes into account the actual image gamut is able to avoid compressing the image gamut more than necessary thereby better preserve the color appearance. In this paper, a new approach to visualize the image gamut based on Ball-Pivoting Algorithm (BPA) is proposed. First we convert a RGB image to CIEL*a*b* color space using the well-known analytical transformations, then we quantize the color points of image to a grid using the discrete CIEL*a*b* color space. At last the color data sets of the image gamut surface are reconstructed based on the BPA. We demonstrate that image gamut can be computed efficiently on practical data sets of images and at the same time gives an accurate approximation of the image gamut. It will helpful to understand the color transformation mechanism and will beneficial to developing the image-dependent gamut mapping algorithms.
Study on Performance of Adherence of Water-Base UV Varnish
Authors: Wang Xiao Fang , Wei Xian Fu , Huang Pei Qing
Published: December 2010

Adherence is very important for performance of water-base UV varnish and has directly effect on the quality of the coating and the following process. The samples of water-base UV varnish were prepared by different pre-polymers and monomers. The effect of volume shrinkage and wet-ability on the adhesion of water-base UV varnish is studied through a series of experiments. The results show that the volume shrinkage has apparent effect on the adhesion, the smaller the volume shrinkage is, the better adhesion of water-base UV varnish is; the volume shrinkage is increasing with the increasing of the numbers of the functional groups; wet-ability is necessary for the varnish which can adhere to the substrate and has no directly effect on the adherence.
The Effects of Prepolymer on the Performance of UV Offset Ink
Authors: Ma Xiao Xu , Wei Xian Fu , Huang Pei Qing , Jia Xiao Xue
Published: December 2010

By means of simplex-centroid experimental design, three prepolymers EB3700，6358H and 6353-1 were used to define the proportion of composite prepolymers and the performances of the samples of UV offset ink with single prepolymer and composite prepolymers such as flow curve, thixotropy crack index, curing rate, glossiness, ink transfer rate and solid density were studied. The research shows that the ink sample with the prepolymer 6358H has higher viscosity and its thixotropy crack index is higher; the ink sample with the prepolymer 6353-1 has higher glossiness; the ink sample with the prepolymer EB3700 has faster curing rate, and its proof’s solid density is higher; the ink sample with the composite prepolymers EB3700 and 6353-1 has higher ink transfer rate. By means of simplex-centroid experimental design, the best proportion of three prepolymers EB3700, 6358H and 6353-1 is1.4:1:1.
Evaluation of CIELAB-Based Color Difference Formulae Using a Printing Data Set
Authors: Zheng Yuan Lin , Zhou Shi Sheng , Zhang Lin Lin , Qi Yong Hong
Published: December 2010

Color difference used to test the quality of printing products is one of the most important factors in the printing industry. Many new color difference formulae such as CIEDE2000, CIEDE94, CMC(l:c) etc were developed to improve the uniformity. In this paper the color difference formulae have been compared throughout their weighting functions SL, SC, and SH to the CIELAB components , , . In order to test which color difference formula has the better performance in the printing industry they are evaluated by our own data sets. First of all, we developed a printing data set for evaluating color difference with psychophysical methods. And the visual color differences of every pairs were obtained. After that the color difference formula mentioned before were evaluated using the data set with the standardized residual sum of squares (STRESS) methods which has better mathematical properties to evaluate the performance of color difference formulae using ΔV and ΔE than PF/3 that cannot indicate the statistical significance of the difference between two color-difference formulae. The result shows that CIEDE2000 and CIE94 color difference formulae are better than CIELAB and CMC. Finally we recommend that the national standards and occupation standards should be updated and CIEDE2000 should be popularized in the printing industry.
Preparation of Cellulose/Ag+ Antibacterial Composites Films by NMMO-Technology
Authors: Jin Zheng Wei , Wang Jian Qing , Wang Shuo , Xu Mei
Published: December 2010

By using hardwood pulp as natural cellulose resource, nano-TiO2/Ag+ and meso-SiO2/Ag+ as inorganic antibacterial agents, the cellulose/Ag+ antibacterial composites films were prepared to improve the elongation and antibacterial ability through NMMO-technology. The elongation at break of the cellulose composites films and the antibacterial ability on the Bacteria of S.aureus as a function of the content of the inorganic antibacterial agents were studied. The investigations suggest that the elongation at break of the cellulose composites films increases at first and then decreases, when the inorganic antibacterial agents’ concentration in the film increases. The elongation at break of the cellulose composites films reaches their maximums, which are improved to 69.8% and 64.1% for nano-TiO2/Ag+ and meso-SiO2/Ag+, respectively. With increasing concentration of the inorganic antibacterial agents, the antibacterial ability on the bacteria of S.aureus increases. It was also found that when the concentration of the inorganic antibacterial agents in the composites films was adjusted from 0.5 wt.% to 2.0 wt.%, the antibacterial abilities vary from 90.7% to 98.5% by incorporating nano-TiO2/Ag+ from 89.2% to 96.9% by incorporating meso-SiO2/Ag+, respectively.
Research on the Uniform Color Appearance Space Based on the CIECAM02
Authors: Liang Jing , Liao Ning Fang , Lian Yu Sheng , Meng Si Ran
Published: December 2010

This paper uses method of the BFD-CP small color-difference data to construct the color discrimination ellipses and Munsell renovation data. Test and analyses of the uniform color space property based on the CIECAM02-Jab, and uses linear regression method to regulate color space brightness and chroma coordinate measurement, establishes a new uniform color space. The last uses the same method to test the optimized uniform color space of CIECAM02-J'a'b'.
Research on Bending Resistance of Single Honeycomb Paper-Core
Authors: Wu Xiong Xi
Published: December 2010

Bending resistance of single honeycomb paper-core under axial dynamic load has been analyzed to meet the need of honeycomb paperboard produce. First, the models were built after buckling theory analysis. Dynamic characteristics of compressive process were analyzed in the FEA software. It was indicated that: When the height of model was lower than a certain value, the process was divided into four parts: linear elastic phase, elastic-plasticity phase, plasticity collapse phase and densification phase. However, when the height of model was above than the certain value, the model was easy to bend in the intermediate region. Some results such as force and shearing stress had been gotten. At last, the compressive process was verified by experiment, which was bigger value due to air and glue water existed in honeycomb core.
Research of Flat Crush Performance and Processing Technology for Dual-Core Honeycomb Paperboard
Authors: Han Ju , Pei Wei Chi , Cui Xiao Bo
Published: December 2010

To solve the conflict between cost and compressive strength of honeycomb paperboard, dual-core honeycomb paperboard is designed. Based on the processing technology of single-core paperboard, the processing technology of dual-core honeycomb is identified. Using production equipment of Tang Hai Yuan Ming Tangshan, Hebei Province, Ltd. Honeycomb, 110g/m2 and 220g/m2 paper core composed of 20mm thick dual-core honeycomb samples is produced. Through flat compression properties and the finite element method, using two kinds of honeycomb performance of the simulation analysis of experimental data and simulation analysis by the dual data Verify, the level dual-core honeycomb has been a substantial increase in compression performance. Based on dual-core honeycomb paperboard, multi-core paperboard can be designed and produced.
Typeface Innovation and Information Communication of Latin Alphabet from Handwriting to Printing
Authors: Hong Ying , Ni Dan , Zhu Li
Published: December 2010

Characters play important function in social development. It is not only the carrier of language, but also the basis of informationized society. For Latin alphabet, there are primitive character period, classical character period and alphabetical character period from the primitive characters to alphabetical characters. Every formal change of the character accelerated the speed of information transmission while keeping their historical traces. The writing tools and carriers of different times, as a kind of media, direct the transmission of information and directly influence the typeface of characters and communication of information. The invention of Gutenberg brings major technological innovation, printing oil and paper became new carriers of characters, which were widely promoted worldwide and various Latin alphabetical characters came into being gradually. Font disk share the same form and their reoccurrence greatly promoted the level of identification and the normalization of printing characters came into being. As a result, the readability and legibility of printing characters is superior to that of handwritten characters. So that information can be more clear and accurate delivery and better realization of its functional significance. Printing characters plays more and more important roles as carriers of information with the development of information society and their role in conveying information would arouse more concern and deeper research.
Gamut Volume Comparison Research Based on Spacial Tetrahedral Network
Authors: Li Chao , Wang Cai Yin
Published: December 2010

Color rendering feature of certain device or process can be described more specifically if the color gamut can be described quantitively which is difficult to achieve due to the color samples dispersed unorderly in color space. In this paper, a method of comparising color gamut quantitively is brought forward based on spacial dissection theory. A cetain color gamut can be represented by a certain and unregular three dimentional cubic in the Lab color space. Marking out the coordinates’ data on the surface of this cubic, means the outline of the color cubic is obtained. These special coordinates’ data are those color spots which possess strong saturation, and this feature facilitates the process of outlining the color cubic. Based on this feature, according to the Delaunay theory applied in three dimension, the dispersed data in Lab color space produces tetrahedral network, which means the irregular color cubic can be divided into tetrahedrons, whose volume can be calculated via its coordinates’ data（the value of Lab）, and consequently, the whole volume of color gamut can be be finaly obtained by these divided tetrahedrons. Experimental results show that, this method can be applied effectively for gamuts comparison quantitively, further more,by choosing certain color spots in certain area of the color space, more accurate calculation and comparison can be obtained.
The Effect of Saline Water on Viscosity of Blood through Stenosed Blood Vessels Using Casson’s Fluid Model
Authors: Shah Sapna Ratan
Published: December 2010

Diabetic patients are entangled to various cardiovascular diseases due to increased blood viscosity. Therefore the blood viscosity of diabetic patients is lowered by regular doses of Aspirin or the injection of saline water in order to dilute the blood. This lowers the blood pressure. In this model, the effect of non-Newtonian behaviour on blood flow through a stenosed artery using Casson’s fluid model have been studied and the results depict that the increase in blood flow characteristics are comparatively small due to the non-Newtonian behaviour of the blood. The numerical illustration presented at the end of this paper provides the results for the resistance to flow, apparent viscosity and the wall shear stress through their graphical representations. It has been shown that the resistance to flow, apparent viscosity and wall shear stress increases with the size of the stenosis but these increases are comparatively small due to the non-Newtonian behaviour of the blood indicating the usefulness of its rheological character in the functioning of diseased arterial circulation. A number of comparisons with the existing results have been made in order to validate the applicability of the present model.
Synthesis Second Assembly of Calcium Carbonate Sphere Chains
Authors: Xie Hong Zhen , Li Xing
Published: December 2010

Using simple and efficient celloidin membrane as basic template, and adding polyglycol reagent as assistant template, the calcium carbonate assembly sphere chains were synthesized. The length of chains was 6-8 µm, and the building block spheres were formed by nanoparticles with about 50 nm in diameter. All the products were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, thermogravimetry analysis. The decomposition temperature increased by about 30 °C compared with the separate spheres, which may be caused by the bonding power of the spheres in chains. The products of calcium carbonate chains that kept in alcohol for 90d were found to have second-assembly to novel flower-like structures.
Structural Stability and Thermal Transformation of Pt-Sn Bimetallic Nano Clusters
Authors: Liu H.B. , Ascencio Jorge Antonio
Published: December 2010

In this work, structural stability and thermal transformation of Pt-Sn bimetallic nano clusters are studied by molecular dynamics simulations, combined with the modified embedded atom method. For a more accurate description of the interatomic interactions, new Modified Embedded Atom Method alloying parameters for Pt-Sn are derived based on ab initio density functional theory calculations. The calculated Gibbs free energies of formation show that all kinds of structures are energetically favorable and the most stable structure is solid solution cluster, and then the core/shell, and eutectic-like cluster. For whatever compositions the eutectic-like clusters must transform into one pure Sn cluster and one Pt core/Sn shell cluster up to certain temperature during heating process, the Sn coverage on Pt core is dependent on its composition. For solid solution and Pt core/Sn shell or Sn core/Pt shell, once the structure forms, it can keep basically unchanged from the point of view of elemental distribution. Surface segregation is not apparent observed.
SGBEM for Cohesive Cracks in Homogeneous Media
Authors: Távara Luis , Mantič Vladislav , Salvadori Alberto , Gray Leonard J. , París Federico
Published: December 2010

In this paper, the Symmetric Galerkin Boundary Element Method for Linear Elastic Fracture
Mechanics is extended to non-linear cohesive cracks propagating through homogeneous linear
elastic isotropic media. The cohesive model adopted is based on the concept of free energy density
per unit undeformed area. The corresponding constitutive cohesive equations present a softening
branch which induces a potential instability. Thus, a suitable solution algorithm capable of following
the growth of the cohesive zone is needed, and in the present work the numerical simulation is
controlled by an arc-length method combined with a Newton-Raphson algorithm for the iterative solution
of nonlinear equations. The Boundary ElementMethod is very attractive for modeling cohesive
crack problems as all nonlinearities are located on the boundaries of linear elastic domains. Moreover
a Galerkin approximation scheme, applied to a suitable symmetric boundary integral equation formulation,
ensures an easy and efficient treatment of cracks in homogeneous media and an excellent
convergence behavior of the numerical solution. The cohesive zone model is applied to simulate a
pure mode I crack propagation in concrete. Numerical results for three-point bending test are used
to check the numerical results for mode I and are compared with some numerical results obtained by
FEM analysis found in the literature.
On the Solution of the 3D Crack Surface Contact Problem Using the Boundary Element Method
Authors: Weber Wilhelm , Kolk Karsten , Willner Kai , Kuhn Günther
Published: December 2010

The efficient solution of the 3D crack surface contact problem utilizing the boundary element method (BEM) is presented. The dual discontinuity method (DDM), a special formulation of the BEM, is applied. This method deals directly with the relative displacements and the discontinuities of the tractions at the crack. For the normal behavior a unilateral contact is assumed and for the description of the tangential behavior Coulomb’s frictional law is utilized. The hard contact formulation is regularized by the application of the penalty method. An incremental iterative procedure based on a radial return mapping algorithm is applied for the solution of this non-linear problem. Based on the stress field the fracture mechanical parameters are determined by an extrapolation method for all increments of a characteristic load cycle. By the analysis of this load cycle the cyclic fracture mechanics values are obtained. Due to the non-linear nature of crack growth the simulation is implemented in the framework of a predictor-corrector scheme. For the investigation of the influence of the crack surface roughness on the behavior of cracks two numerical examples are presented.
On The Product of Two Power Series
Authors: Davenport H. , Pôlya G.
Published: December 2010

We consider the product of two power series with positive coefficients: .

What conditions will ensure that the coefficients wn shall be either (i) monotonic, or (ii) logarithmically convex? By the latter, we mean that wn2 ≤ Wn-1Wn+1 for n = 1, 2, … In investigating this question, which was suggested by a special example, we have found it convenient to express the conditions in terms of the ratios of un, vn to certain binomial coefficients, rather than in terms of un, vn themselves.