bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EXERCISE ADDICTION AND ITS RELATION TO PSYCHO-SOCIAL ASPECTS AND MOTIVES
Authors: Walter Nadja , Heinen Thomas
Published: December 2019

Despite typical physiological risks of regular physical activity such as injuries or overtraining, particularly excessive exercise can have psychological side effects and become obsessive. This obsessiveness is often associated with symptoms of addiction (i.e., reduction of other activities, lack of control, withdrawal symptoms). However, the underlying process of developing an exercise addiction is not yet fully understood. Besides the physiological approach, there are several psychological and socio-theoretical models focusing on personal and situational factors. The aim of this research was to explore the role of psycho-social aspects and their influence on symptoms of exercise addiction. 501 participants were asked to record their current sport regarding type, intensity, frequency, and competitive activity. Furthermore, the participants were asked about the motives to exercise as well as their inspiration to start with their current sport. Addictive symptoms were assessed using the Exercise Dependence Scale (EDS). It was expected, that inspiration, competitive activity, as well as the motives achievement striving and catharsis have an influence on the EDS score. The results showed that athletes rating the motives achievement striving, catharsis and enjoyment of movement as important or very important showed significantly higher scores in the EDS. No significant differences were found for inspiration, but competitive activity. The findings suggest an important role of intrinsic motivation on the development of exercise addition, particularly the motive enjoyment of movement. However, the interaction of personal and situational factors needs to be explored further. Keywords: achievement striving, catharsis, competitive athletes, exercise dependence scale, inspiration, physical activity.
Mustjerska industrija špilje Veternice
Authors: Banda Marko , Karavanić Ivor
Published: December 2019

Špilja Veternica nalazište je srednjega paleolitika na jugozapadnome dijelu planine Medvednice u Hrvatskoj. Nalazište je od 1951. do 1955. i 1971. godine istraživano i u njemu su prikupljene stotine kamenih izrađevina mustjerske kulture. Ovaj rad donosi litičku analizu tih izrađevina i, usprkos pomiješanim nalazima iz više slojeva, važne podatke o tehnologiji, tipologiji i korištenju sirovina. Na temelju dobivenih rezultata i usporedbe s drugim nalazištima u susjednim prostorima, srednjopaleolitička industrija Veternica smještena je u kronološki i kulturni okvir.
Estimation of Water Breakthrough Using Numerical Simulation
Authors: Faleh Almanar , Al-Sudani Jalal A.
Published: December 2019

Water coning is one of the most important phenomena that affect the oil production from oil reservoirs having bottom water aquifers. Empirical model has been developed based on numerical simulator results verified for wide range variation of density difference, viscosity ratio, perforated well interval, vertical to horizontal permeability ratio and well to reservoir radius ratio; the effect of all these parameters on breakthrough time of raising water have been recorded for five different oil flow rate. Since, the model reflects the real situations of reservoir-aquifer zone systems; in which the aquifer has a specific strength to support the reservoir pressure drop depending on its characteristics and water properties. Moreover, the numerical model has been constructed using very fine grids near the wellbore especially in vertical direction, so that very accurate results can be obtained. and (625)runs were performed to generate the breakthrough time model using the numerical simulator verifying all parameters affecting on breakthrough time. The results show that water coning is complex phenomena that depends on all reservoir and fluid properties; the dynamic critical flow rates affected simultaneously by both of the displacing fluid zones. The results show that the breakthrough time of the presented formula provides extreme accuracy with many numerical simulator cases of same reservoir and fluid properties; thus, the suggested formula can be considered as an alternative, quick and easy use tool than numerical simulation models, which consumes time and efforts.
Informe de la Secretaría General en relación con la solicitud de que se reconsidere el acuerdo de la Mesa de la Comisión Constitucional adoptado en el transcurso del debate de la propuesta de reforma del Estatuto de Autonomía de la Comunidad Valenciana:
Authors: Congreso de los Diputados Secretaría General
Published: December 2019

nforme de la Secretaría General en relación con la solicitud de reconsideración del acuerdo de la Mesa de la Comisión Constitucional, adoptado en el debate sobre la propuesta de reforma del Estatuto de Autonomía de la Comunidad Valenciana  respecto a la interpretación del artículo 114.3 del Reglamento.
La problemática ejecución de sentencias del TEDH en el Derecho español
Authors: Juan Casadevall Jorge de
Published: December 2019

Notas sobre la problemática ejecución de sentencias del TEDH en el Derecho español
Arturo de Marcoartu, notable político español, luchador incansable por la paz y promovedor del arbitraje internacional en el siglo XIX
Authors: Belaústegui Fernández Alejandro
Published: December 2019

Documentación sobre Arturo de Marcoartu, notable político español, luchador incansable por la paz y promovedor del arbitraje internacional en el siglo XIX
La proporcionalidad y el principio democrático : presupuestos e implicaciones de un debate constitucional
Authors: Alguacil González-Aurioles Jorge
Published: December 2019

SUMARIO: I. Presupuestos del debate. Sobre la noción de Proporcionalidad. II. La proporcionalidad y el principio democrático. III. La intensidad en el uso de la proporcionalidad. IV. Recapitulación.
Constitución de Malta : [con un estudio introductorio de Mariano Daranas Peláez].
Authors: Daranas Peláez Mariano
Published: December 2019

Estudio Introductorio a la Constitución de Malta
Comparativa comentada del Tratado de Lisboa.
Authors: Gil-Robles Casanueva Loreto
Published: December 2019

SUMARIO: Parte I. Tratado de la Unión Europea. Texto consolidado. Parte II. El Tratado de Funcionamiento de la UnIón Europea. Texto consolidado.

Comentado por Don José Mª Gil-Robles Gil-Delgado.
El Tratado de Reforma : ratificaciones y entrada en vigor
Authors: Freixes Sanjuán Teresa
Published: December 2019

Reflexiones sobre el Tratado de Reforma de la UE, el proceso de ratificaciones y su entrada en vigor
El Consejo Europeo y el Consejo en el Tratado de Lisboa : ¿unas instituciones más ineficaces... o una Unión más intergubernamental?
Authors: Becerril Atienza Belén
Published: December 2019

Reflexiones sobre la potencial ineficacia de las instituciones europeas y el incremento del intergubernamentalismo de la UE a través de las reformas del Tratado de Lisboa que afectan al Consejo Europeo y al Consejo de la Unión.
El espacio de libertad, seguridad y justicia en el Tratado de Lisboa
Authors: Martín y Pérez de Nanclares José
Published: December 2019

Reflexiones sobre el espacio de libertad, seguridad y justicia en el Tratado de Lisboa
Los nuevos Tratados de la Unión Europea : un paso atrás del derecho de ciudadanía europea
Authors: Núñez Encabo Manuel
Published: December 2019

Reflexión sobre el papel regresivo de los nuevos tratados de la Unión Europea respecto al Derecho de Ciudadanía europea
Nueva Constitución de la República del Ecuador : [con un estudio introductorio de María Rosa Ripollés Serrano]
Authors: Ripollés Serrano María Rosa
Published: December 2019

SUMARIO: 1.Breve noticia del marco histórico-constitucional de la Constitución de la República del Ecuador. 2. Características generales de la Constitución ecuatoriana de 2008.
Nota del Letrado de la Comisión de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación relativo al Proyecto de Ley de regularización y actualización de inscripciones de embarcaciones pesqueras
Authors: Martínez Vázquez Francisco
Published: December 2019

Informe sobre el Proyecto de Ley de regularización y actualización de inscripciones de embarcaciones pesqueras
Manuel Jiménez de Parga: «Vivir es arriesgarse, memoria de lo pasado y de lo estudiado» (Recensión)
Authors: Peña Rodríguez Luis de la
Published: December 2019

Recensión sobre la obra de Manuel Jiménez de Parga: «Vivir es arriesgarse, memoria de lo pasado y de lo estudiado»
David Ortega Gutiérrez: «Educación, ciudadanía, y postmodernidad» (Recensión)
Authors: Marañón Gómez Raquel
Published: December 2019

Recensión sobre la obra de David Ortega Gutiérrez: «Educación, ciudadanía, y postmodernidad»
Informe sobre el proyecto de Ley Orgánica por el que se modifica la Ley Orgánica 3/1980, de 22 de abril, del Consejo de Estado
Authors: Penaranda Ramos José Luis
Published: December 2019

Informe sobre el Proyecto de Ley Orgánica por el que se modifica la Ley Orgánica 3/1980, de 22 de abril, del Consejo de Estado
La necesidad de una política marítima española integrada en la UE
Authors: Segura Clavell José
Published: December 2019

Reflexiones sobre la necesidad de una política marítima española integrada en la UE
La reforma del sistema electoral español: la elección del Congreso de los Diputados a examen: diversas soluciones para un mismo problema
Authors: Martínez Sospedra Manuel , Uribe Otalora Ainhoa
Published: December 2019

SUMARIO: I. Introducción. II. EL sistema de elección DEL CONGRESO DE LOS DIPUTADOS. III. LA REFORMA DEL SISTEMA DE ELECCIÓN DEL CONGRESO. 3.1. Escenario hipotético I: Reforma del tipo de voto. 3.2. Escenario hipotético II: Reforma de la barrera electoral. 3.3. Escenario hipotético III: Reforma de la fórmula electoral. 3.4. Escenario hipotético IV: Reforma del tamaño de la circunscripción. 3.5. Escenario hipotético V: Otras reformas. IV. Consideraciones finales. V. Bibliografía básica.
Stephanus Junios Brutus: «Vindiciae contra Tyrannos»
Authors: Nuez Paloma de la
Published: December 2019

Recensión sobre la obra de Stephanus Junios Brutus «Vindiciae contra Tyrannos»
La revaloración del control parlamentario en el sistema presidencial mexicano : especial referencia a la operación de transplantes institucionales entre las formas de gobierno
Authors: Enríquez Fuentes Gastón Julián
Published: December 2019

SUMARIO: 1. INTRODUCCIÓN. 2. LA FUNCIÓN DE CONTROL DEL PARLAMENTO Y SU SUPUESTA CRISIS. 3. EL CONCEPTO «AMPLIO» DE CONTROL PARLAMENTARIO. 4. LA RACIONALIZACIÓN DEL PODER Y LA CIRCULACIÓN DE MODELOS COMO MEDIOS PARA LA REVALORACIÓN DEL CONTROL PARLAMENTARIO EN EL SISTEMA PRESIDENCIAL MEXICANO. 5. BREVES OBSERVACIONES METODOLÓGICAS PARA UNA OPERACIÓN DE TRANSPLANTE INSTITUCIONAL EN EL SISTEMA PRESIDENCIAL MEXICANO. 6. LÍMITES A LA REVALORACIÓN DEL CONTROL PARLAMENTARIO: LA INTANGIBILIDAD DE LAS FORMAS DE GOBIERNO. 7. A MODO DE CONCLUSIÓN. 8. BIBLIOGRAFÍA.
El problema regional en la II República : los controles estatales sobre las regiones autónomas en la Constitución de 1931 y los acontecimientos de 1931 y los acontecimientos de 6 de octubre de 1934
Authors: González Hernández Esther
Published: December 2019

SUMARIO: I. INTRODUCCIÓN. II. LOS SUCESOS DEL 6 DE OCTUBRE DE 1934 EN CATALUÑA. DIEZ HORAS DE REBELIÓN. III. LOS PRECEDENTES: LA «CUESTIÓN CATALANA» Y LA «LEY DE CULTIVOS»: A. La «cuestión catalana». B. El conflicto de la Ley de Contratos de Cultivo: 1. La rabassa morta. 2. La sentencia del Tribunal de Garantías constitucionales y la «afrenta» a la autonomía de Cataluña. IV. LA LEY DE 2 DE ENERO DE 1935 DE SUSPENSIÓN DE LA AUTONOMÍA DE CATALUÑA: A. Las funciones del Gobernador General. B. De la «Comisión Mixta» a la «Comisión Revisadora». C. Las competencias en materia de Orden Público, Justicia y Enseñanza. V. EL SISTEMA DE CONTROLES ESTATALES SOBRE LAS ENTIDADES TERRITORIALES EN LA CONSTITUCIÓN DE 1931: A. La singular naturaleza de los controles extraordinarios. VI. LA RESTAURACIÓN DE LA AUTONOMÍA CATALANA.
Marina, José Antonio: «La pasión del poder. Teoría y práctica de la dominación» (Recensión)
Authors: Peña Rodríguez Luis de la
Published: December 2019

Recensión sobre la obra de José Antonio Marina «La pasión del poder. Teoría y práctica de la dominación»
La revista de Política Social (1928-1929) dirigida por Francisco Rivera Pastor como rectificación del Estado corporativo de Eduardo Aunós
Authors: Guillén Kalle Gabriel , Almoguera Carreres Joaquín
Published: December 2019

Reflexiones sobre la revista de Política Social (1928-1929) dirigida por Francisco Rivera Pastor como rectificación del Estado corporativo de Eduardo Aunós
Investigating the sublethal effects of oil exposure on infaunal behavior, bioturbation, and sediment oxygen consumption
Authors: Dorgan KM , Parker R , Ballentine W , Berke SK , Kiskaddon E , Gadeken K , Weldin E , Clemo WC , Caffray T , Budai S , Bell S
Published: December 2019

Anthropogenic disturbances such as oil spills can cause mortality in benthic infaunal communities, reducing diversity and abundance and impeding sediment ecosystem functions. Sublethal effects of oil exposure have received less attention, however. We conducted a mesocosm experiment exposing 2 infaunal taxa, the polychaeteOwenia fusiformisand the brittle starHemipholis elongata, to sublethal concentrations of the water-accommodated fraction (WAF) of oil. We evaluated the effects of WAF on animal behavior, bioturbation, and sediment oxygen demand (SOD) in infaunal assemblages of both mixed and single species. WAF exposure did not affectO. fusiformisfeeding behavior, nor did it influence bioturbation. Compared toO. fusiformis, the brittle starH. elongatamixed more surface sediments to greater depths and to a greater extent horizontally. Bioturbation in mesocosms with both taxa was consistent with predictions from monocultures for substitutive densities, but lower than predicted for additive densities. This indicates that taxa interacted (negatively) only at higher densities. SOD was higher in oiled than unoiled treatments initially (at 1-3 d), but this difference disappeared after the first sampling, consistent with a decrease in total petroleum hydrocarbons in the WAF treatment over the same time period. Higher SOD in WAF-exposed faunal treatments than sediments with no fauna suggested that faunal activities may enhance microbial degradation of hydrocarbons. These findings suggest that exposure to WAF stimulated microbial metabolism in the first few days of the experiment, but did not affect macrofaunal behavior/function, nor have lasting effects on sediment ecosystem functions.
Процесуальний аспект вивчення особи неповнолітнього у кримінальному провадженні щодо неповнолітніх
Authors: Романюк В. В.
Published: December 2019

У статті здійснено дослідження щодо захисту прав, свобод і законних інтересів особи, особливу категорію яких становлять неповнолітні, які вчинили кримінальне правопорушення або суспільно небезпечне діяння, передбачене законом України про кримінальну відповідальність. Встановлено, що така діяльність є пріоритетним завданням кримінального провадження. Зазначене зумовлено особливою турботою та захистом цих осіб з боку світової спільноти, що вимагає постійного вдосконалення національного законодавства та приведення його у відповідність до міжнародних правових стандартів, а також розроблення рекомендацій щодо удосконалення кримінального процесуального законодавства для створення умов якнайкращого забезпечення інтересів дитини в кримінальному судочинстві.
Перспективи використання польського досвіду адміністративної правосуб’єктності органів місцевого самоврядування в Україні
Authors: Ющенко Т. В.
Published: December 2019

Стаття присвячена аналізу польського досвіду адміністративної правосуб’єктності органів місцевого самоврядування. Аналізується стан нормативно-правового забезпечення функціонування органів місцевого самоврядування як суб’єктів адміністративного судочинства. Охарактеризовано адміністративно-правовий статус органів місцевого самоврядування як суб’єктів адміністративного судочинства. Визначені конкретні напрями реформування вітчизняного адміністративного судочинства як дієвого правозахисного інструменту в Україні.
До проблеми кваліфікації державної зради у разі переходу на бік ворога в період збройного конфлікту (аналіз судової практики 2014-2018 рр.)
Authors: Зайцев О. В.
Published: December 2019

Статтю присвячено дослідженню проблеми кваліфікації державної зради у разі переходу на бік ворога в період збройного конфлікту. У роботі вивчено судову практику за 2014-2018 рр. Зроблено висновок про різну законодавчу оцінку окупації Автономної Республіки Крим та окремих районів Донецької та Луганської областей. Обґрунтована різна кримінально-правова кваліфікація дій громадян по переходу на бік ворога під час цих збройних конфліктів. Акцентується увага на висновках, які містяться в звітах за результатами попереднього розслідування подій у Криму та на сході України, що оприлюднені в 2016р. та 2018 р. Канцелярією Прокурора Міжнародного кримінального суду.
Проблемні питання впровадження концепції інтегрованого управління кордонами в Україні
Authors: Краснов О. В.
Published: December 2019

У статті розглянуто проблемні питання впровадження концепції інтегрованого управління кордонами в Україні. Висвітлено основні віхи імплементації цього європейського підходу в Україні в 2010 - 2015 роках. Наголошено на потребі розроблення нової концепції інтегрованого управління кордонами з огляду на те, що чинна концепція розрахована на період до 2020 року. Визначено інші фактори, які обґрунтовують потребу вдосконалення системи управління кордонами, серед яких - протидія терористичній діяльності та протидія транснаціональній організованій злочинності.
Особливості взаємодії оперативних підрозділів Державної прикордонної служби України у сфері конфіденційного співробітництва з іншими суб’єктами
Authors: Оверченко Ю. А.
Published: December 2019

У статті висвітлено особливості взаємодії оперативних підрозділів Державної прикордонної служби України у сфері конфіденційного співробітництва з іншими суб’єктами оперативно-розшукової діяльності. Проаналізовано поняття «конфіденційне співробітництво», а також принципи, на яких воно базується. Розглянуто питання щодо вирішення завдання одним суб’єктом оперативно-розшукової діяльності за рахунок іншого в разі застосування на свою користь його конфідентів. Зроблено висновок, що в процесі взаємодії оперативних підрозділів ДПС України у сфері конфіденційного співробітництва з іншими суб’єктами оперативно-розшукової діяльності відсутнє достатнє підґрунтя для прямої передачі конфідентів від одного суб’єкта ОРД до іншого. Окреслено напрями та межі доцільності у взаємодії оперативних підрозділів ДПС України та оперативних підрозділів органів і установ виконання покарань Державної кримінально-виконавчої служби України.
NEW VARIETY OF YELLOW FODDER LUPINE 'BULAT'
Authors: Novik Natalya , Savvicheva Inna , Stepanenko Anna
Published: December 2019

The article presents steps of development of a new yellow lupin variety 'Bulat'. Its pedigree and description for competition tests years are given. In 2009 five productive, tall plants without extern anthracnose symptoms have been selected from the hybrid 6-02-10-10 under heavy anthracnose epiphytoty. Later the line 09-3-50-2 has been selected for green mass and seeds yield. It was tested in a competition test nursery since 2013. The line named as 'Bulat' was included to The State List of Breeding Achievements Allowed for Use. The average seed yield for six tests years made 1.87 t/ha and the yield of its green mass made 60.4 t/ha. 'Bulat' is for universal use (grain forage, green fodder, and grass conserved forage). It is resistant to pods cracking and seeds shedding. Weight of 1000 seeds is 112 grams. Vegetation period is 90–99 days. Crude protein in seeds is 42%, in dry matter of green mass it is 18%. Seed alkaloid content is 0.06%, in green mass it is 0.02%. The variety is resistant to Fusarium and tolerant to anthracnose. It suits for cultivation on light and cohesive soils.
Soybean in No-Till Cover-Crop Systems
Authors: Halwani Mosab , Reckling Moritz , Schuler Johannes , Bloch Ralf , Bachinger Johann
Published: December 2019

Introducing agro-ecological techniques such as no-tillage systems with cover crops in rotations with soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) could provide more resilience to changing climatic conditions and, at the same time, reduce soil erosion, nitrate leaching, and weed density in the main crop. However, there are challenges in introducing no-tillage techniques in crop systems in Europe as there is little quantitative knowledge about the agro-economic impact. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the agronomic and economic impacts of three soybean cropping systems involving a rye (Secale cereal L.) cover crop prior to soybean, i.e., two no-tillage systems; either herbicide-free with crimping the rye or herbicide-based without rye crimping and one plough-based in which rye was cut as green silage. The impacts of these cropping strategies were compared in a three-year cropping system experiment at a research station in north-eastern Germany with and without irrigation. The following parameters were measured: (1) cover crop biomass; (2) weed biomass; (3) soybean plant density; (4) soybean grain yield; and (5) gross margin of the cropping system. The results showed that all three soybean cropping systems can effectively suppress weeds. System (C), the no-tillage herbicide-based system, produced the lowest rye biomass and highest soybean yield; system (B), the no-tillage herbicide-free/crimped rye system, produced the highest rye biomass and lowest soybean yield compared to system (A), the standard cutting/plough-based system. The differences in rye biomass and soybean yield observed between the three systems could be mainly attributed to the timing of the cover crop termination and the soybean sowing date. The gross margin was highest in system (C), due to the high soybean grain yield. The low soybean grain yield in system (B) resulted in lower revenues and gross margins compared to systems (A) and (C), although system (B) could be economically attractive in organic farming with higher prices for organic soybean. In the particularly dry year 2016, gross margins were higher when soybean was irrigated compared to the rainfed cultivation, due to significantly higher grain yields. Before recommending the application of the no-tillage with cover crop technique for the conditions tested in north-eastern Germany, more investigations on the benefits and risks of this technique are needed. Further research needs to focus on maintaining a high rye biomass as well as on ensuring an early soybean planting date. Optimizing the crimping and drilling equipment is still required in order to develop good management practices for no-tillage herbicide-free systems in European conditions.
Moderation of Inulin and Polyphenolics Contents in Three Cultivars of Helianthus tuberosus L. by Potassium Fertilization
Authors: Michalska-Ciechanowska Anna , Wojdyło Aneta , Bogucka Bożena , Dubis Bogdan
Published: December 2019

Jerusalem artichoke, a widely consumed edible, is an excellent source of inulin and selected phytochemicals. However, the improvement of its chemical composition by potassium fertilization has not yet been studied. Thus, the aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of different potassium (K) fertilization levels (K2O 150 kg ha−1, 250 kg ha−1, 350 kg ha−1) on the content of inulin; profile and changes in polyphenolic compounds; and the antioxidant capacity, including on-line ABTS antioxidant profiles of freeze-dried tubers originated from Violette de Rennes, Topstar, and Waldspindel cultivars. Inulin content was highest in the early maturing cv. Topstar. The application of 350 kg ha−1 of K fertilizer rates during the growth of cv. Topstar increased the inulin content of tubers by 13.2% relative to the lowest K fertilizer rate of 150 kg ha−1. In cv. Violette de Rennes, inulin accumulation increased in response to the fertilizer rate of 250 kg ha−1. A further increase in K fertilizer rates had no effect on inulin content. The inulin content of cv. Waldspindel was not modified by any of the tested K fertilizer rates. Thus, the accumulation of the inulin was cultivar-dependent. In the cultivars analyzed, 11 polyphenolic compounds were identified and polyphenolic compound content was affected by the applied rate of potassium fertilizer, which was dependent on the cultivar. Chlorogenic acid was the predominant phenolic acid in all cultivars, and it accounted for around 66.4% of the identified polyphenolic compounds in cv. Violette de Rennes and for around 77% of polyphenolic compounds in cv. Waldspindel and Topstar.
In-Field Estimation of Orange Number and Size by 3D Laser Scanning
Authors: Méndez Valeriano , Pérez-Romero Antonio , Sola-Guirado Rubén , Miranda-Fuentes Antonio , Manzano-Agugliaro Francisco , Zapata-Sierra Antonio , Rodríguez-Lizana Antonio
Published: December 2019

The estimation of fruit load of an orchard prior to harvest is useful for planning harvest logistics and trading decisions. The manual fruit counting and the determination of the harvesting capacity of the field results are expensive and time-consuming. The automatic counting of fruits and their geometry characterization with 3D LiDAR models can be an interesting alternative. Field research has been conducted in the province of Cordoba (Southern Spain) on 24 ‘Salustiana’ variety orange trees—Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck—(12 were pruned and 12 unpruned). Harvest size and the number of each fruit were registered. Likewise, the unitary weight of the fruits and their diameter were determined (N = 160). The orange trees were also modelled with 3D LiDAR with colour capture for their subsequent segmentation and fruit detection by using a K-means algorithm. In the case of pruned trees, a significant regression was obtained between the real and modelled fruit number (R2 = 0.63, p = 0.01). The opposite case occurred in the unpruned ones (p = 0.18) due to a leaf occlusion problem. The mean diameters proportioned by the algorithm (72.15 ± 22.62 mm) did not present significant differences (p = 0.35) with the ones measured on fruits (72.68 ± 5.728 mm). Even though the use of 3D LiDAR scans is time-consuming, the harvest size estimation obtained in this research is very accurate.
A Technical-Economic Comparison between Conventional Tillage and Conservative Techniques in Paddy-Rice Production Practice in Northern Italy
Authors: Calcante Aldo , Oberti Roberto
Published: December 2019

In this study a technical-economic comparison was conducted to compare three different agronomic practices applied to paddy rice cultivation areas in Italy: one based on conventional tillage (CT), and two adopting conservative agriculture approaches, namely minimum tillage (MT) and no-tillage (NT). Data about production inputs (seed, fertilizers, agrochemicals, fuel) and working time were measured for each technique during the whole production season in three experimental fields. The total production costs were computed by adding the mechanization costs, calculated through the ASABE (American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers) EP (Engineering Practice) 496.3 methodology, and the production input costs. The results of the study highlighted a significant reduction of total costs obtained with both minimum (−16%) and no-tillage (−19%) compared to conventional tillage.
Multi-Level Characterization of Eggplant Accessions from Greek Islands and the Mainland Contributes to the Enhancement and Conservation of this Germplasm and Reveals a Large Diversity and Signatures of Differentiation between both Origins
Authors: Gramazio Pietro , Chatziefstratiou Eleni , Petropoulos Constantinos , Chioti Vasileia , Mylona Photini , Kapotis George , Vilanova Santiago , Prohens Jaime , Papasotiropoulos Vasileios
Published: December 2019

Crop landraces are found in many inhabited islands of Greece. Due to the particularity of environment and isolation from the mainland, Greek islands represent a natural laboratory for comparing the diversity of landraces from the islands with those of the Greek mainland. A collection of 36 Greek eggplant landraces and traditional cultivars from the mainland and the islands has been phenotypically and genetically characterized using 22 morphological descriptors and 5 SSR markers. The mineral composition (K, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn) of fruits was also determined. The objectives of this study include the multi-level characterization of eggplant local landraces and the comparison of diversity among accessions from the Greek mainland and the islands. Characterization of eggplant landraces will contribute to the enhancement and prevention of genetic erosion in this local group and will provide a resource for future investigation and breeding. PCA analysis of morphological traits explained 45.4% of the total variance revealing the formation of two clusters, one with most of the island accessions, and another with most of the mainland ones. The SSR markers used exhibited high average values for the number of alleles/locus (4.6), expected heterozygosity (0.60) and PIC (0.55), while the observed heterozygosity was low (0.13). Both STRUCTURE and PCoA analyses based on SSR data revealed two genetic clusters, one made up mainly by the mainland accessions, while the other one was mainly made up by the island accessions. Although there was considerable variation among the landraces for the concentration of minerals studied, only average Mg concentration was significantly different between mainland and island accessions. Based on our data, the Greek eggplant landraces present considerable morphological and genetic diversity with some differentiation signatures between the island and the mainland accessions. Our results have implications for conservation of Greek landraces and suggest that Greece might be considered as part of a secondary center of diversity for eggplant in the Mediterranean basin.
Dietary Leucine Supplementation Restores Serum Glucose Levels, and Modifying Hepatic Gene Expression Related to the Insulin Signal Pathway in IUGR Piglets
Authors: Zhang Jingfei , Xu Wen , Han Hongli , Zhang Lili , Wang Tian
Published: December 2019

This study aimed to investigate the effects of leucine with different levels on the insulin resistance in intrauterine growth restriction/retardation (IUGR) piglets. Thirty-two weaned piglets were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial design and four treatments (n = 8) were as follow: (1) normal weaned piglets fed a basal diet (CONT), (2) IUGR weaned piglets fed a basal diet (IUGR), (3) normal weaned piglets fed a basal diet with the addition of 0.35% l-leucine (C-LEU), and (4) IUGR fed a basal diet with the addition of 0.35% l-leucine (I-LEU) for a 21-days trial. The results showed that compared to the IUGR group, the I-LEU group had higher final body weight and body weight gain, higher serum glucose concentrations, and higher serum insulin concentrations (p < 0.05). The gene expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase p110 gamma, protein kinase adenosine monophosphate-activated γ 3-subunit, glycogen synthase kinase-3 alpha, and glucose transporter type 2 were increased in the I-LEU group as compared to the IUGR group (p < 0.05). It was concluded that dietary leucine supplementation restored serum glucose concentrations, increased insulin and creatinine concentrations, and enhanced protein kinase adenosine monophosphate-activated γ 3-subunit and glucose transporter type 2 expression, suggesting that leucine might play a positive role in hepatic lipid metabolism and glucose metabolism in IUGR.
Liver Transcriptome Changes of Hyla Rabbit in Response to Chronic Heat Stress
Authors: Wu Zhou-Lin , Yang Xue , Chen Shi-Yi , Deng Fei-Long , Jia Xian-Bo , Hu Shen-Qiang , Wang Jie , Lai Song-Jia
Published: December 2019

Rabbit is an economically important farm animal in China and also is a widely used animal model in biological researches. Rabbits are very sensitive to the environmental conditions, therefore we investigated the liver transcriptome changes in response to chronic heat stress in the present study. Six Hyla rabbits were randomly divided into two groups: chronic heat stress (HS) and controls without heat stress (CN). Six RNA-Seq libraries totally yielded 380 million clean reads after the quality filtering. Approximately 85.07% of reads were mapped to the reference genome. After assembling transcripts and quantifying gene expression levels, we detected 51 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between HS and CN groups with thresholds of the adjusted p-value < 0.05 and |log2(FoldChange)| > 1. Among them, 33 and 18 genes were upregulated and downregulated, respectively. Gene ontology analyses further revealed that these DEGs were mainly associated with metabolism of lipids, thyroid hormone metabolic process, and cellular modified amino acid catabolic process. The upregulated ACACB, ACLY, LSS, and CYP7A1 genes were found to be inter-related through biological processes of thioester biosynthetic process, acyl-CoA biosynthetic process, acetyl-CoA metabolic process, and others. Six DEGs were further validated by quantitative real-time PCR analysis. The results revealed the candidate genes and biological processes that will potentially be considered as important regulatory factors involved in the heat stress response in rabbits.
Rabbit Enteropathies on Commercial Farms in the Iberian Peninsula: Etiological Agents Identified in 2018–2019
Authors: Solans Luis , Arnal Jose L. , Sanz Celia , Benito Alfredo , Chacón Gema , Alzuguren Oihane , Fernández Ana B.
Published: December 2019

Digestive disorders are the main cause of economic damage to rabbit farms. This article provides a global and updated overview of the diverse etiological agents causing them, since 757 clinical cases were analyzed during 2018 and 2019—Ninety-five from young rabbits (<15 days old), 117 from preweaning rabbits (15–35 days old), and 545 from growing rabbits. Etiological diagnosis was carried out by bacteriological culture and a set of real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) tests for the detection of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), Clostridium spiroforme, C. perfringens, rotavirus A, Bacteroides fragilis, and Eimeria spp. Also, 40 EPEC and 38 non EPEC isolates were investigated for the presence of other colonization factors (afr2, ral, liftA, and paa) by qPCR. EPEC is the most prevalent agent in young rabbits, and although different virulence profiles have been found among EPEC isolates, the liftA+, ral+, and paa+ profile is the most prevalent. C. spiroforme and EPEC are the more frequently detected pathogens in preweaning rabbits, but B. fragilis appears to be a new possible emergent pathogen. In growing rabbits, diverse co-infections between C. spiroforme, Eimeria spp., EPEC, and rotavirus are much more frequent than infections due to only one of them. Other pathogens detected in very few cases are Salmonella spp. and Enterococcus hirae.
Toxoplasma gondii Tetravalent Chimeric Proteins as Novel Antigens for Detection of Specific Immunoglobulin G in Sera of Small Ruminants
Authors: Holec-Gąsior Lucyna , Ferra Bartłomiej , Grąźlewska Weronika
Published: December 2019

The detection of Toxoplasma gondii infection in small ruminants has important significance for public health and veterinary medicine. This study, for the first time, describes the reactivity of four tetravalent chimeric proteins (AMA1N-SAG2-GRA1-ROP1, AMA1C-SAG2-GRA1-ROP1, AMA1-SAG2-GRA1-ROP1, and SAG2-GRA1-ROP1-GRA2) containing immunodominant regions from the AMA1 (apical membrane antigen 1), SAG2 (surface antigen 2), GRA1 (dense granule antigen 1), GRA2 (dense granule antigen 2), and ROP1 (rhoptry antigen 1) with specific IgG antibodies from the sera of small ruminants with the use of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The reactivity of individual chimeric antigens was analyzed in relation to the results obtained in IgG ELISA based on a Toxoplasma lysate antigen (TLA). All chimeric proteins were characterized by high specificity (between 96.39% to 100%), whereas the sensitivity of the IgG ELISAs was variable (between 78.49% and 96.77%). The highest sensitivity was observed in the IgG ELISA test based on the AMA1-SAG2-GRA1-ROP1. These data demonstrate that this chimeric protein can be a promising serodiagnostic tool for T. gondii infection in small ruminants.
Fuzzy Rules to Help Predict Rains and Temperatures in a Brazilian Capital State Based on Data Collected from Satellites
Authors: de Campos Souza Paulo Vitor , Batista de Oliveira Lucas , Ferreira do Nascimento Luiz Antônio
Published: December 2019

The forecast for rainfall and temperatures in underdevelope countries can help in the definition of public and private investment strategies in preventive and corrective nature. Water is an essential element for the economy and living things. This study had a main objective to use an intelligent hybrid model capable of extracting fuzzy rules from a historical series of temperatures and rainfall indices of the state of Minas Gerais in Brazil, more specifically in the capital. Because this is state has several rivers fundamental to the Brazilian economy, this study intended to find knowledge in the data of the problem to help public managers and private investors to act dynamically in the prediction of future temperatures and how they can interfere in the decisions related to the population of the state. The results confirm that the intelligent hybrid model can act with efficiency in the generation of predictions about the temperatures and average rainfall indices, being an efficient tool to predict the water situation in the future of this critical state for Brazil.
An Image-Processing Method for Extracting Kinematic Characteristics of Droplets during Pulsed GMAW
Authors: Zhai Peizhuo , Xue Songbai , Chen Tao , Wang Jianhao , Tao Yu
Published: December 2019

Pulsed gas metal arc welding (GMAW) is widely applied in industrial manufacturing. The use of pulsed GMAW was found superior to the traditional direct-current (DC) welding method with respect to spatter, welding performance, and adaptability of all-position welding. These features are closely related to the special pulsed projected metal transfer process. In this paper, a monitoring system based on a high-speed camera and laser backlight is proposed. High-quality images with clear droplets and a translucent arc can be obtained at the same time. Furthermore, a novel image-processing algorithm is proposed in this paper, which was successfully applied to remove the interference of the arc. As a result, the edge and region of droplets were precisely extracted, which is not possible using only the threshold method. Based on the algorithm, centroid coordinates of undetached and detached droplets can be calculated, and more parameters of the kinematic characteristics of droplets can be derived, such as velocity, acceleration, external force, and momentum. The proposed monitoring system and image-processing algorithm give a simple and feasible way to investigate kinematic characteristics, which can provide a new method for possible applications in studying mathematic descriptions of droplet flight trajectory and developing a precise automatic welding system.
Implementation of Integrated VCSEL-Based Optical Feedback Interferometry Microfluidic Sensor System with Polymer Microoptics
Authors: Zhao Yu , Li Qingyue , Doucet Jean-Baptiste , Calmon Pierre-François , Mesnilgrente Fabien , Reig Benjamin , Tronche Clément , Camps Thierry , Perchoux Julien , Bardinal Véronique
Published: December 2019

Using the optical feedback interferometry (OFI) technique, we demonstrated a miniaturized and compact sensor system based on a dedicated optical source for flowmetry at the micro-scale. In the system, polymer microlenses were integrated directly on a VCSEL (vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser) chip and the microfluidic channel chip surface using polymer-based micro-fabrication technologies. In particular, at a post-process stage, we integrated a collimation lens on a VCSEL chip of small dimensions (200 µm × 200 µm × 150 µm). This process was enabled by the soft-printing of dry thick resist films and through direct laser writing technology. We performed flow rate measurements using this new compact system, with a conventional bulk glass lens configuration for system performance evaluation. A maximum 33 dB signal-to-noise ratio was achieved from this novel ultra-compact system. To our knowledge, this is the highest signal level achieved by existing OFI based flowmetry sensors.
Changes in Ground Reaction Forces, Joint Mechanics, and Stiffness during Treadmill Running to Fatigue
Authors: Luo Zhen , Zhang Xini , Wang Junqing , Yang Yang , Xu Yongxin , Fu Weijie
Published: December 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the changes in lower extremity biomechanics during running-induced fatigue intervention. Methods: Fourteen male recreational runners were required to run at 3.33 m/s until they could no longer continue running. Ground reaction forces (GRFs) and marker trajectories were recorded intermittently every 2 min to quantify the impact forces and the lower extremity kinematics and kinetics during the fatiguing run. Blood lactate concentration (BLa) was also collected before and after running. Results: In comparison with the beginning of the run duration, (1) BLa significantly increased immediately after running, 4 min after running, and 9 min after running; (2) no changes were observed in vertical/anterior–posterior GRF and loading rates; (3) the hip joint range of motion (θROM) significantly increased at 33%, 67%, and 100% of the run duration, whereas θROM of the knee joint significantly increased at 67%; (4) no changes were observed in ankle joint kinematics and peak joint moment at the ankle, knee, and hip; and (5) vertical and ankle stiffness decreased at 67% and 100% of the run duration. Conclusion: GRF characteristics did not vary significantly throughout the fatiguing run. However, nonlinear adaptations in lower extremity kinematics and kinetics were observed. In particular, a “soft landing” strategy, achieved by an increased θROM at the hip and knee joints and a decreased vertical and ankle stiffness, was initiated from the mid-stage of a fatiguing run to potentially maintain similar impact forces.
Hydrodynamic Behavior of Submerged Floating Tunnels with Suspension Cables and Towers under Irregular Waves
Authors: Won Deokhee , Seo Jihye , Kim Seungjun , Park Woo-Sun
Published: December 2019

In this paper, case studies were carried out to analyze the feasibility of submerged floating tunnels (SFTs) with suspension cables. In order to apply an SFT in a field site, the deformation of the system should be controlled, even under extreme wave conditions, if vehicles or trains operate inside the SFT. Two types of suspended SFTs were proposed to analyze their hydrodynamic behavior. The main variables were the wave conditions, cross-sectional diameters, buoyancy weight ratios, inclination angles of the main cables, and installation depth of the SFT. Overall, it was found that the SFT with a mid-anchor was superior from a hydrodynamic point of view. However, a detailed hydrodynamic analysis must be performed to avoid the conditions that previously produced slack. In addition, in a case where acceleration is generated by motion, the design should be reviewed to ensure safe conditions, according to the traffic passage.
Analysis of the Effect of Vortex Generator Spacing on Boundary Layer Flow Separation Control
Authors: Li Xin-kai , Liu Wei , Zhang Ting-jun , Wang Pei-ming , Wang Xiao-dong
Published: December 2019

During the operation of wind turbines, flow separation appears at the blade roots, which reduces the aerodynamic efficiency of the wind turbine. In order to effectively apply vortex generators (VGs) to blade flow control, the effect of the VG spacing (λ) on flow control is studied via numerical calculations and wind tunnel experiments. First, the large eddy simulation (LES) method was used to calculate the flow separation in the boundary layer of a flat plate under an adverse pressure gradient. The large-scale coherent structure of the boundary layer separation and its evolution process in the turbulent flow field were analyzed, and the effect of different VG spacings on suppressing the boundary layer separation were compared based on the distance between vortex cores, the fluid kinetic energy in the boundary layer, and the pressure loss coefficient. Then, the DU93-W-210 airfoil was taken as the research object, and wind tunnel experiments were performed to study the effect of the VG spacing on the lift–drag characteristics of the airfoil. It was found that when the VG spacing was λ/H = 5 (H represents the VG’s height), the distance between vortex cores and the vortex core radius were approximately equal, which was more beneficial for flow control. The fluid kinetic energy in the boundary layer was basically inversely proportional to the VG spacing. However, if the spacing was too small, the vortex was further away from the wall, which was not conducive to flow control. The wind tunnel experimental results demonstrated that the stall angle-of-attack (AoA) of the airfoil with the VGs increased by 10° compared to that of the airfoil without VGs. When the VG spacing was λ/H = 5, the maximum lift coefficient of the airfoil with VGs increased by 48.77% compared to that of the airfoil without VGs, the drag coefficient decreased by 83.28%, and the lift-to-drag ratio increased by 821.86%.
Breast-Associated Adipocytes Secretome Induce Fatty Acid Uptake and Invasiveness in Breast Cancer Cells via CD36 Independently of Body Mass Index, Menopausal Status and Mammary Density
Authors: Zaoui Maurice , Morel Mehdi , Ferrand Nathalie , Fellahi Soraya , Bastard Jean-Philippe , Lamazière Antonin , Larsen Annette Kragh , Béréziat Véronique , Atlan Michael , Sabbah Michèle
Published: December 2019

Breast adiposity is correlated with body mass index, menopausal status and mammary density. We here wish to establish how these factors influence the cross-talk between breast adipocytes and normal or malignant breast cells. Adipocyte-derived stem cells (ASCs) were obtained from healthy women and classified into six distinct groups based on body mass index, menopausal status and mammary density. The ASCs were induced to differentiate, and the influence of their conditioned media (ACM) was determined. Unexpectedly, there were no detectable differences in adipogenic differentiation and secretion between the six ASC groups, while their corresponding ACMs had no detectable influence on normal breast cells. In clear contrast, all ACMs profoundly influenced the proliferation, migration and invasiveness of malignant breast cells and increased the number of lipid droplets in their cytoplasm via increased expression of the fatty acid receptor CD36, thereby increasing fatty acid uptake. Importantly, inhibition of CD36 reduced lipid droplet accumulation and attenuated the migration and invasion of the breast cancer cells. These findings suggest that breast-associated adipocytes potentiate the invasiveness of breast cancer cells which, at least in part, is mediated by metabolic reprogramming via CD36-mediated fatty acid uptake.