bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sinop İli Su Ürünleri Üretiminin Mevcut Durumu ve Türkiye Su Ürünleri Üretimindeki Yeri
Authors: Yücel Şennan , Baki Birol , Altın Tuçe , Uzun Gören Gülşen
Published: January 2022

In the present study, the production amount in the last five years (2015-2019) of Sinop province, which is located in the Black Sea Region and a significant part of fisheries production is carried out, was evaluated. For this purpose; Sinop Provincial Directorate of Agriculture and Forestry and TUIK (Turkish Statistical Institute) data were used. There are 2.326 commercial fishermen and 444 fishing boats in Sinop province. In the sea area of Sinop, 5 enterprises still produce culture fish in cages. The 2 potential marine culture areas identified in Sinop have an annual production capacity of 32.430 tons (31 enterprises). In addition, 5 bivalves (4.940 tons/year) and 1.000.000 number/year capacity juvenile fish production facilities are at the project stage. The total fisheries production of Sinop Province in 2019 was 34.620,9 tons, and 1.505 tons were obtained from aquaculture. In addition to these, 3.924 tons of fish processing facilities per year, and 35 tons of fish meal and oil processing facilities per year are operated. 66% of sea fish caught in Sinop are anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus ponticus), 16% sprat (Sprattus sprattus phalericus), 13% horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus), 3% bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) and 2% consists of other species. The most preferred marine fish by the consumers are anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus ponticus), horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus), whiting (Merlangus merlangus), red mullet (Mullus barbatus), bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix), turbot (Psetta maxima) and bonito (Sarda sarda) and sea bream (Sparus aurata), sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and rainbow trout (Oncorhyncus mykiss) are the culture fish species offered for sale throughout the year.
Antagonistic Activity of Bacillus spp. Against Fire Blight Disease In vitro and In planta
Authors: Butt Haris , Bastas Kubilay Kurtulus
Published: January 2022

Fire blight, affecting more than one hundred and thirty species in the Rosaceae, is probably the most destructive disease affecting pear and apple cultivars in many countries. Currently, there are no effective synthetic compounds with systemic properties. Other major problem is the occurrence and spread of strains of Erwinia amylovora with resistance to streptomycin and copper. Taken into consideration the human and environmental health, the use of biocontrol agents either as an alternative or as a supplement within an integrated fire blight management strategy has attracted worldwide attention. In this study, E. amylovora solution of 107 CFU ml-1 was treated with bio-control agents, Bacillus subtilis str. QST 713, B. amyloliquefaciens str. MBI 600 and their mixture (at solution densities of 106, 107 and 108 CFU ml-1 for each one) on Petri dishes, containing King’s B medium and, compared with positive (streptomycin sulphate) and negative (sterile distilled water) controls. In vivo studies were performed on two-year-old apple cv. Gala seedlings grown in 45-cm-diameter pots containing a sterilized mix of soil–sand–peat under controlled greenhouse conditions (85% relative humidity, 25°C temperature and 16h of day light). The plants were irrigated as needed by drip-irrigation and each pot received a mineral solution (NPK: 20–20–20) at 2 g l-1 twice. When plant shoots reached a length of 30-35 cm, bio-control agents, individually and their mixture, were applied to the plants by a hand-sprayer. Obtaining the data, 108 CFU ml-1 of Bacillus spp. suspension mixture showed strongest in vitro antibacterial effect (26mm) among the tested treatments after positive control streptomycin (28.6mm). Parallel to in vitro findings, the mixture was most effective against the pathogen on cv. Gala (66.03%). Findings show that the use of mixture of beneficial microorganisms with individual antagonistic properties against the pathogen can be an effective strategy as a natural alternative to agrochemicals in the scope of good agriculture practices.
Domates Tohumlarında Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato’ya Karşı Farklı Bor Bileşiklerinin Etkililikleri
Authors: Gür Ayşegül , Bastas Kubilay Kurtulus , Kordali Şaban , Yılmaz Ferah
Published: January 2022

Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, the bacterial agent for tomato speck disease, can cause serious epidemics with high leaf moisture, mild temperatures, and cultural practices allowing bacterial dissemination among host plants. Boron is an essential micro-nutrient for plant growth and health in agricultural production. In this study, the effectiveness of 14 different Boron compounds at 5 different doses (1, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mM) against P. s. pv. tomato at a concentration of 108 CFU ml-1 in vitro was evaluated and the most successful 4 different Boron compounds (Ammonium tetrafluoroborate, Sodium tetrafluoroborate, Zinc borate and Disodium octaborate tetrahydrate) were coated with 5 mM doses infected cv. H2274 tomato seeds to determine bacterial populations and seed emergence rates in the seeds. Among the 14 different Boron compounds used in the experiments, Disodium octaborate tetrahydrate was the most successful active ingredient 92% ratio in inhibiting P. s. pv. tomato populations in tomato seeds, while 39% success was achieved with sodium tetrafluoroborate applications. According to the results of the research, it is thought that some Boron compounds can be an economical, effective and environmentally friendly chemical in reducing P. s. pv. tomato in tomato seeds within the scope of good agricultural practices.
Konya İli Marul Ekim Alanlarında Sorun Olan Virüs Hastalıklarının Belirlenmesi
Authors: Yeşil Serkan , İrgin Ağca Halime
Published: January 2022

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is a member of the family Compositae (Asteraceae). This plant, which is grown for its leaves, is grown in open field and greenhouse conditions almost everywhere in the world and in Turkey. With the present study virus diseases of lettuce and their prevalence in Konya province was revealed for the first time. For this purpose, leaf samples were taken from lettuce plants showing virus diseases symptoms with surveys carried out in Konya province lettuce planting areas from May to August in 2020. Then the collected lettuce leaf samples were tested in laboratory conditions by Double Antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (DAS-ELISA) method to reveal infections of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Miraflori lettuce big vein virus (MiLBVV), Lettuce mosaic virus (LMV), and Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). According to the information obtained from the results of the study, it was determined that 40 out of 97 (41.23%) lettuce plant samples and all (6) weed samples were infected with at least one of the viruses. In lettuce leaf samples; TSWV (27.83%), LMV (12.37%), CMV (10.31%) and MiLBVV (5.15%) infections have been detected. In weed samples; infections of CMV (83.33%), LMV (66.66%), and TSWV (50%) have been revealed. The infections of TSWV, LMV, CMV, and MiLBVV on lettuce plants in Konya province were reported firstly with the study.
Effects of Environmentally Relevant Ammonium Nitrate Levels Caused by Agricultural Activities on Four Amphibian Species in The Eastern Black Sea Region
Authors: Karaoglu Handan
Published: January 2022

Within the scope of this research, the chronic effects of ammonium nitrate, which is the most widely used fertilizer worldwide, on the tadpoles of Marsh Frog (Pelophylax ridibundus), the Iranian Long-Legged Frog (Rana macrocnemis), the Caucasian Parsley Frog (Pelodytes caucasicus) and the Variable Green Toad (Bufotes variabilis) were examined. To assess the chronic effects of the fertilizer, the tadpoles of all the species were exposed to 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 mg/L concentrations in same conditions. The chronic concentrations were applied from the 25th developmental stage to the 42nd developmental stage. It was defined at the end of the experiments that although there were some variability between different populations of the same species or between different species in the observed effects, chronic levels of ammonium nitrate caused decreased growth rate, prolonging in time to complete metamorphosis, increased abnormalities, and mortality in general. Among the 4 amphibian species, the Variable Green Toad was the most damaged one in terms of growth reduction (on average 31-41 %), abnormality rates (on average 50-75 %), prolonged time to complete metamorphose (14-21 days on average) and mortality rates (%54-100). The most adaptive species and the least damaged one was an Iranian long-legged frog for growth reduction (on average 0-15 %), prolonged time to complete metamorphose (7-9 days on average), and mortality rates (%9-15). All the harmful effects of chronic fertilizer levels caused by agricultural activities in the region had very important for examined species in our researches and it can be said that important environmental and biodiversity problems may occur if certain precautions are not taken regarding the use of the fertilizers and if the attitudes of the farmers on this issue cannot be changed.
Sayısal Yöntemlerle Belirlenen Yumurta Parametreleri Üzerine Yumurtalama Zamanı ve Kafes Katı Farklılığının Etkisi
Authors: Eleroğlu Hasan
Published: January 2022

In this study, the White Layer Pure Line that housing as individual cage system at the Poultry Research Institute in Ankara was used. Eggs obtained from 24, 28, 32, 36 and 40 weeks old eggs were collected 3 times a day in the morning (10:00), noon (12:00) and evening (15:00). Egg Size and Egg Width (YBE), Shape Index and Elongation (SIE), Egg Surface Area and Volume (YAH), Shell Weight and Shell Thickness (CAS), Number of Pores and Pore Density (GSY), Yellow Ratio and Yellow Weight (SOA), Albumen Weight and Albumen Ratio (AO) were examined in 438 eggs obtained from these chickens found in these cages which are three tiers as upper, middle and bottom. The difference in cage layer did not have a significant effect on the calculated properties. On the other hand, the effect of on all traits obtained from these calculations based on egg weight was found to be significant.
Microbiological characteristics and outcomes of children with pleural empyema admitted to a tertiary hospital in southeast China, 2009-2018
Authors: Zhang Xueya , Zhang Hailin
Published: January 2022

Background. Pleural empyema is one of the most serious and life-threatening types of infection in children. The aim of this study was to describe the microbiological characteristics and outcomes of children with pleural empyema.
Methods. A retrospective review was conducted of the medical records of 63 children admitted to a tertiary hospital in China with pleural empyema between January 2009 and December 2018.
Results. The children had a median age of 1 year (range: 2 months to 16 years) and 33 (52.4%) were female. Bacterial isolates included Staphylococcus aureus (n=15, 23.8%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (n=10, 15.9%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=7, 11.1%), Escherichia coli (n=2, 3.2%), Burkholderia cepacia (n=2, 3.2%), Enterobacter cloacae (n=1, 1.6%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=1, 1.6%), and Streptococcus constellation (n=1, 1.6%). All 15 Staphylococcus aureus isolates were found to be resistant to penicillin, and the rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was high (66.7%,10/15). Overall, 5 of 10 Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates were susceptible to penicillin. Each Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae isolate showed susceptibility to vancomycin. Ceftazidime was effective against all Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. Of the 63 children, 60 improved, no one died.
Conclusions. Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae were the leading cause of pleural empyema. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed a high percentage of resistance against penicillin while vancomycin provided 100% coverage for these pathogens. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the third most common pathogen mainly detected in those under 3 years old in the summer and have shown to be susceptible to ceftazidime. The prognosis is good after appropriate therapy.
Cerebral sinovenous thrombosis in children: clinical presentation, locations, and acquired and inherited prothrombotic risk factors
Authors: Kar Yeter Düzenli , Özdemir Zeynep Canan , Çarman Kürşat Bora , Yarar Coşkun , Tekin Neslihan , Bör Özcan
Published: January 2022

Background. Cerebral sinovenous thrombosis (CSVT) in children is a rare and life-threatening cerebrovascular disease. Hence, we evaluated its clinical presentations, inherited and acquired prothrombotic risk factors along with the accompanying diseases, the thrombosis locations as well as the outcomes of anticoagulant therapy in children with CSVT.
Methods. The medical records of pediatric CSVT patients treated between January 2011 and September 2018 were analyzed retrospectively.
Results. The study included 29 children, 15 boys (51.7%) and 14 girls (48.3%), with the median age being 11 years (range:3 days-17 years). The most commonly presented complaint in neonates was seizures and in the non-neonatal age groups was a headache. Also, at least one acquired and/or inherited thrombophilic risk factor was identified in 89.7% of the patients. The most commonly acquired prothrombotic risk factors along with the accompanying diseases included infections, central venous catheter, and dehydration, while the most commonly inherited thrombophilic risk factors included heterozygous factor-V Leiden mutation and elevated lipoprotein (a). The most common thrombosis location was found to be the transverse sinus. Also, none of the patients died due to the thrombotic episode. Complications included epilepsy in five patients, hydrocephalus in one patient, and intracranial hypertension in another patient.
Conclusions. Clinicians need to be well aware of the inherited and acquired prothrombotic risk factors in CSVT. It should also be kept in mind that at-risk patients may also present with nonspecific signs and symptoms with no apparent neurological manifestation. The risk of acute complications and long-term sequelae can be substantially reduced if diagnosed early and initiated with appropriate treatment at the early stages.
Turkish reference ranges for the left fetal modified myocardial performance index
Authors: Yakut Kadriye , Öcal Doğa Fatma , Öztürk Filiz , Öztürk Merve , Sanhal Cem Yaşar , Çelen Şevki , Üstün Yaprak
Published: January 2022

Background. This study aimed to assess fetal cardiac left ventricular function in healthy pregnant women by calculating the modified myocardial performance index (Mod-MPI) and to construct reference ranges for the Turkish population.
Methods. One-hundred-two randomly selected healthy singleton pregnant women ranging between 25 and 39 gestational weeks were included in the study. Left fetal Mod-MPI was measured for each pregnant woman. Women with chronic systemic diseases or fetuses with chromosomal or structural abnormalities were excluded from the study. Mitral valve (MV) and aortic valve (AoV) clicks were used as landmarks to define the following time periods that were used to calculate the Mod-MPI: isovolumetric contraction time (ICT), isovolumetric relaxation time (IRT), and ejection time (ET).
Results. The mean Mod-MPI was 0.42±0.10. The mean IRT, ICT, and ET were 43.5±10.2, 27.27±8.1, and 170.5±16.9, respectively. A significant correlation was found between Mod-MPI and gestational age, umbilical artery systolic/diastolic (UA S/D) ratio and the middle cerebral artery pulsatility index (MCA PI) values (r=0.199, p=0.047, r=-0.328, p=0.001, and r=-0.0349, p=0.001, respectively) Conclusions. The current study`s results will be a reference for future studies, especially studies investigating pathological conditions that impact fetal cardiac function.
The relationship between immature platelet fraction and severity of acute bronchiolitis
Authors: Doğan Murat , Köse Mehmet , Öztürk Mehmet Adnan , Hangül Melih , Aslaner Hümeyra
Published: January 2022

Background and Objectives. Acute bronchiolitis is one of the most common reasons for hospitalization in infants. Although patients with acute bronchiolitis generally have a good prognosis, death can also occur. In this study, we evaluate the immature platelet fraction (IPF) as an indicator of the severity of acute bronchiolitis.
Methods. In our study, 179 patients diagnosed with acute bronchiolitis were divided into three groups as mild (n: 48; 26.8%), moderate (n: 104; 58.10%) and severe (n: 27; 15.1%) bronchiolitis. There were 80 healthy children in the control group. The diagnostic capacity of IPF and hematological parameters (platelet distribution width (PDW), mean platelet volume (MPV), white blood cell count (WBC), and platelet count (PLT)) values to predict severity of acute bronchiolitis was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and their respective areas under the curves (AUCs) calculated with 95% confidence intervals.
Results. The IPF value of patients with acute bronchiolitis was significantly higher than the healthy group (p < 0.001). In addition, a positive correlation was observed between clinical severity of bronchiolitis and IPF. The ROC curve analysis indicated that the IPF cut-off point for predicting severity of acute bronchiolitis was > 3.2% (Sensitivity of 84%, specificity of 97%). We found that the AUCs for IPF, MPV, PDW, WBC and PLT were statistically significant for bronchiolitis relative to the healthy control group. The parameter with the greatest AUC value was IPF.
Conclusion. The IPF may present for diagnosing and evaluating the clinical severity of acute bronchiolitis in children.
The Environment and Forestry Investigators’ Authority in Money Laundering Offenses
Authors: Yanuar Muh. Afdal
Published: January 2022

Investigators from the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan/ KLHK) are not authorized to investigate the crime of money laundering in the elucidation of Article 74 of Law No. 8 of 2010, although they are authorized to investigate the crime of origin. However, the controversy over the interpretation of Article 74 of the Money Laundering Law was resolved by the Decision of the Constitutional Court Number 15/PUU-XIX/2021, which expands the meaning of 'predicate criminal investigator' in the provisions of Article 74 of the Money Laundering Law to become 'an official or agency authorized by legislation to carry out an investigation.' This paper attempts to describe the dynamics of the authority of KLHK investigators in investigating money laundering offences before and after the pronouncement of the Constitutional Court Decision Number 15/PUU-XIX/2021, including the matter of legal harmonization in the Money Laundering Law relating to the authority to investigate money laundering. This research is normative research with a conceptual approach, a statute approach, and a historical approach. Through this paper, this research can convey that before the Constitutional Court's Decision Number 15/PUU-XIX/2021, KLHK investigators were not authorized to investigate the crime of money laundering, and several legal disharmonies arose regarding the regulation of the authority to investigate money laundering. Meanwhile, after the Decision of the Constitutional Court Number 15/PUU-XIX/2021, all investigators authorized to investigate predicate crimes of money laundering offences, among other things, investigators of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, are ex officio authorized to investigate money laundering offences. Furthermore, KLHK investigators are authorized to investigate money laundering offences against environmental and forestry crimes whose tempus delicti is before the pronouncement of the Constitutional Court Decision Number 15/PUU-XIX/2021.
Law Enforcement of Corruption Cases Through a Participatory Society as an Effort to Protect Constitutional Rights
Authors: Akmal Diya Ul , Karsa Pipih Ludia , Madda Syafrijal Mughni
Published: January 2022

A participatory society can play an essential role in the prosecution of corruption cases. By providing information on alleged corruption, a participatory community can assist anti-corruption institutions so that corruption as an extraordinary crime can be eradicated as a means of enforcing people's constitutional rights. The authors attempt to perceive things by defending constitutional rights from a societal standpoint, a right of citizens who have had their rights violated by acts of corruption. The method used in this research is a normative legal method that refers to the norms in the laws and regulations, court decisions, and social society.  The data used is secondary data obtained from various sources with appropriate and relevant topics so that it becomes chaotic in discussing related problems. The community's active role in uncovering corruption cases is part of the obligation to break the chain of corruption and fulfil citizens' rights to enforce the law. The amount of budget allocated for disclosing corruption cases is leading the government to protect citizens' constitutional rights from the threat of corruption. Although the handling is still considered unsuccessful because many cases have not been revealed, the efforts made deserve to be recognised.
Legal Comparison against the Death Penalty Sanctions regulated in the Positive Laws of Indonesia and China
Authors: Irdini Kesuma
Published: January 2022

Corruption is a severe problem worldwide, so it takes a strict rule of law and strong law enforcement efforts to eradicate it. China's legal system has proven to be effective in reducing corruption among state officials. One of China's anti-corruption efforts is to impose harsh penalties on perpetrators, including the death penalty. In light of this success, this study will conduct a legal comparison with the death penalty, which is regulated in Indonesian and Chinese positive law. The type of research used is normative juridical with a conceptual and statute approach. The data processed in this study include primary data and secondary data with data collection techniques and management using a literature review. The findings of this study highlight the threat of the Death Penalty, as outlined in Article 2 Paragraph (2) of the Corruption Crime Act, which focuses on corrupt acts committed under certain conditions. In Indonesia, no one has ever been sentenced to death for corruption. The People's Republic of China's Criminal Law of the death penalty threat has existed since 1900 AD. Article 383 of the Chinese Criminal Code stipulates that anyone who accepts bribes is subject to the death penalty. A significant difference from this Comparison lies in the classification of capital punishment with a corruption amount of more than 50,000 Yuan and for bribery cases in Chinese regulations. Meanwhile, there is no such regulation in Article 2 paragraph (2) of the Indonesian Corruption Laws.
Coordination in the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK)'s Prosecution Tasks Based on Independence Perspective
Authors: Satrio Ndaru , Zainab Nina
Published: January 2022

Coordination of KPK prosecution duties as stated in Article 12A of Law no. 19 of 2019 amending Law No. 30 of 2002 concerning the Commission for the Eradication of Criminal Acts of Corruption, or Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi (KPK) raises concerns because it creates dependence on other institutions and certainly reduces the independence of the KPK institution. As for some of the problems that need to be known from the existence of this coordination concept, among others: (1) the coordination can be directed towards the form of KPK's subordination to the prosecutor's institution; (2) coordination makes the confidentiality of data held by the KPK not maintained; (3) this coordination is very prone to conflict of interest with the prosecutor's office; (4) this coordination also raises concerns that rotten politics in the resolution of corruption cases may occur. The author uses independence principle analysis. The type of research used in compiling this paper is normative or doctrinal legal research. The research shows that coordination can be done using clear boundaries. First, coordination is still allowed to the extent that it is possible to combine cases that the KPK may not handle. Second, coordination can also be carried out in the event of merging a corruption case that is not the authority of the KPK. Third, the coordination also can be done in the case of the concurrent events. Fourth, the coordination is only related to procedural law.
Norma Kultural dalam Gending Rarè Bangun Semengan (Analisis Semiotika)
Authors: Rustiani Komang Wahyu , Pradnyan I Gusti Made Swastya Dharma , Suraya Rahmat Sewa , Paramitha Ni Made Ayu Susanthi Pradnya
Published: January 2022

The Balinese people possess a whole range of custom and tradition in nurturing children since their early ages. One of these traditions appeared through song and called as gending rarè. For many years, Gending rarè believed for its in-depth cultural meaning. This study will analyze this practice by using semiotics’ theory. Gending rarè entitled bangun semengan encompasses norms of Balinese people which gets dominant Hinduism teaching values namely Tri Hita Karana. Throughout this song, children in Bali are exerted to preserve their environment, their cleanliness either by spirituality or physically and also to establish harmonious relationship in their family and society. Moreover, Children are encouraged to apply the teaching of palemahan and pawongan prior to the Parhyangan values.
Analisis Nilai dalam Kakawin Aji Palayon
Authors: Pujiari A.A. Made
Published: January 2022

Kakawin is one of the literatures used in Yadnya ceremonies in Bali in particular. In the yadnya ceremony, the activity of developing kakawin accompanies the ceremony in a melodious and meaningful way. Kakawin is also commonly referred to by other terms, namely wirama, tembang gede and sekar agung. One of the kakawin who plays an important role in increasing the belief and trust of the Balinese people in the existence of the afterlife is Kakawin Aji Palayon. Kakawin Aji Palayon tells of the journey of the atma (spirit) from dying (coming out of the body) to Sang Hyang Widhi in Heaven. Kakawin or literary work has values related to all things that are good. Likewise in Kakawin Aji Palayon, it contains good values of life that encourage people to be positive in their own lives or in society.
Kedudukan Perempuan dalam Masyarakat Multikultur, Pada Trilogi Novel Sembalun Rinjani Karya Djelantik Santha
Authors: Purnama A.P I Gede Gita
Published: January 2022

Women have been filling the literary space of modern Balinese literature as an object of storytelling. The role and appearance of women who have been in the hegemony of patriaki has always been interesting to talk about from a feminist point of view. The novel trilogy of Sembalun Rinjani is one of the modern Balinese literary novels depicting the position of women in a multicultural society. This novel by Djelantik Santha reflects the duality of the struggle of female characters in multicultural society to escape from the stigma of inferior creatures, as well as the image of female characters who still survive in the hegemony of patriaki.
Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe TGT (Team Game Tournament) dalam Pembelajaran Menulis dan Mengetik Aksara Bali pada Siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas/Kejuruan
Authors: Putra I Gusti Ngurah Purnama Adi
Published: January 2022

Writing and typing Balinese script is one of the materials in Balinese language which is considered difficult by most students, including high school/vocational high school students who logically repeat only the material they have obtained while sitting in elementary and junior high school. This paper seeks to explore the concept, application, and role of the TGT (Team Game Tournament) type of cooperative learning model in learning to write and type Balinese script in high school / vocational high school students with structural and behaviorism theory supported by content analysis and descriptive analysis methods. The results of the analysis show that the TGT type of cooperative learning model emphasizes on three main points, namely academic tournaments, quiz systems, and individual contributions in groups. In its application, the TGT type of cooperative learning model in learning to write and type Balinese script is able to bring the elements of solid teamwork, exciting games, and competitive academic tournaments into a single unit by using script cards and the application of Bali Simbar Dwijendra. This makes students able to learn while playing, so learning becomes very fun and meaningful for students. Through this learning model, students are trained to build mutual cooperation, sportsmanship, speed, and understand the material well through five main components, namely class presentations, teams, games, tournaments, and team recognition. In line with this, the TGT type of cooperative learning model in learning to type and write Balinese script also has a very important role, namely: creating an atmosphere of Balinese language learning to be fun, fostering a spirit of sporting competition, and strengthening cooperation and a sense of kinship between students.
Masatua sebagai Salah Satu Kearifan Lokal Bali Untuk Melestarikan Bahasa Bali
Authors: Candrakusuma I Dewa Agung Made
Published: January 2022

Masatua tradition means activities to tell satua or storytelling. The only things that were conveyed were the satua-satua that used Balinese. Satua Bali is one of the traditional Balinese art products that are given to children, but unfortunately the existence of the application of Balinese satua is currently very minimal even though Satua Bali is an ancestral heritage that should be preserved and preserved considering the moral values contained in this Balinese satua are very both in the formation of children's character and can also instill a sense of respect for children towards local culture and customs. However, life before was different from now. In this modern era, the Balinese masatua tradition has begun to fade and is certain to become a past story. Satua Bali, which used to be read by parents before the children go to bed, is different from the present condition, where the parents are so busy with their work that the masatua culture is slowly starting to be abandoned. Satua which is an oral literature that has become the culture of the Balinese people, especially what is called speech literature, which is the forerunner to the development and birth of literary life.
In this research, there are three problems studied, namely: (1) How is the Masatua tradition both formally and informally; and (2) The use of sor singgih in the Mesatua tradition. So based on the analysis that has been done, it can be seen and concluded that: (1) the masatua tradition is usually carried out before the child goes to sleep which occurs in the family circle. Masatua in non-formal activities, in this case in the family, is a traditional cultural activity. In formal activities, this masatua activity has occurred which has been packaged in learning activities. (2) The use of Balinese is closely related to the Masatua tradition, both formally and informally. It is very important to choose the vocabulary or level of the Balinese language so that it is used correctly and can be understood by listeners, namely the child in the family or students and even the general public.
Satua Rare Angon Terhadap Pengembangan Bahasa Bali Siswa Kelas VII SMP Sathya Sai Denpasar
Authors: Aprianawati Ni Luh
Published: January 2022

To enter the realm of language in children, it is very interesting when presented with one. The purpose of this study was to determine how the influence of satua Rare Angon on the development of Balinese language in seventh grade students of SMP Sathya Sai Denpasar, most of the children in this school use Indonesian as a social language in carrying out daily conversations both at school and at school. their respective homes. Through satua Rare Angon, children's vocabulary will increase so that their understanding of these satua increases. So that the results of this study contribute that satua Rare Angon supports the development of the Balinese language in class VII students of SMP Sathya Sai Denpasar. 
Geguritan Kebo Iwa (Kajian Bentuk, Fungsi, dan Pendidikan Karakter)
Authors: Cahyadi Anak Agung Ngurah Agung Eka , Linggih I Nyoman , Sugita I Wayan
Published: January 2022

The uniqueness of Balinese culture in the form of folklore (satua), should be preserved as an ancestral heritage that contains elements of education, especially in character building. One of the existing folklore is the Kebo Iwa story where its existence is starting to be forgotten. By one of the sons of Bali, the story of Kebo Iwa is presented in the form of geguritan as an educational medium with Hinduism in mind. Geguritan Kebo Iwa was formed by pupuh who were already known to the public, bound by the Padalingsa rules. The work of Mr. I Nyoman Suprapta uses the common Balinese language and the presentation time is short so that the contents and meanings are easy to understand, can provide enlightenment and foster a sense of pride, especially to the younger generation of Bali. The general purpose of research is as an effort to explore, preserve, develop, and describe conceptual values. The specific objectives are to find out the form, explain the function, and understand the value of character education in Geguritan Kebo Iwa. The concepts presented are form, function, and character education, which are guided by structuralism theory, function theory, semiotic theory and value theory. This type of research uses qualitative research. The primary data source is the Geguritan Kebo Iwa manuscript, the secondary data includes books, magazines, and other libraries that are considered relevant, as well as the results of observations, interviews, literature studies and documentation to ensure the truth of the data obtained.
Kakawin Kumudawati: Analisis Intertektualitas
Authors: Putra Dwi Mahendra , Mahardika I Putu Permana , Dwijayanthi Ni Made Ari , Paramitha Ni Made Ayu Susanthi Pradnya
Published: January 2022

Kakawin Kumudawati narratively contains Tantri stories. Tantri as a treasure that is very popular in Bali so it is not surprising that Tantri continues to be transformed into various forms of literary genres. Kakawin Kumudawati tells one of the part of stories in the Tantri story, namely the “angsa” and “empas”. Kakawin Kumudawati is a unique work in terms of narrative content, which is built on characters who are husband and wife. Tantri texts have been copied into various literary genres. It is very interesting to study mainly from the source of story writing, so tracking the hypogram is very necessary. Intertextual provides an illustration that the text is present through the reading of other texts both as a mosaic trail and full transformation.

Kakawin Kumudawati's primary hypogram is Tantri Carita. The matrix that is determined is manah “mind” which builds the satya model of 'loyalty' which is translated as Panca Satya. In intertextual comparison, Kakawin Kumudawati fulfills three main concepts (1) expansion, (2) conversion, and (2) expression, while (3) modification is not found in Kakawin Kumudawati.
Pentingnya Pembelajaran Sor Singgih Bahasa Bali Sebagai Budaya Bali Bagi Siswa SD
Authors: Susiani Ketut
Published: January 2022

The Balinese language is historical evidence for Balinese people who are domiciled as a vehicle for Balinese cultural expression, in which aesthetic, religious, social, political, and other aspects of Balinese life are recorded. The Balinese language is one of the regional languages that has a multi-level language system (anggah-ungguhing basa/sor singgih basa Bali). The purpose of this study was to provide elementary school students with an understanding of the importance of learning the Balinese language asSor Singgih as Balinese culture. The method used in this study is a qualitative method with interview and observation techniques. The results of this research are that it is important for us to teachSor Singgih Balinese language to students, in addition to communicating with other people, we can also introduce the culture of the Balinese language to others. this can be done by using a short storybook, sample stories can make it easier for students to understandSor Singgih Balinese language.
Pemertahanan Bahasa Bali Melalui Gamelan Gambang
Authors: Mariyana I Nyoman , Sentana Gek Diah Desi
Published: January 2022

Language as a communication tool consisting of a symbol system, which is composed of the framework of social group relations, can also have an impact on the overall structure of cultural interaction. Art as one of the cultural activities in Bali, can not be separated from the use of the Balinese language as a medium of communication. In Balinese gamelan practices, the role of the Balinese language is very important. This can be seen from the activity of playing gamelan Gambang. Gamelan Gambang is one of the unique Balinese gamelan. In which there is the use of the Balinese language as a form of maintaining the Balinese language from generation to generation. The method used in this study uses descriptive qualitative research methods through data collection, observation, interviews, discography, and documentation. Through this method, it is known that the preservation of the Balinese language is carried out by using the Balinese language alus as verbal communication, introduction to prayers of praise, writing Gambang gending notation. Various terms in Balinese gamelan techniques that use Balinese, such as the terms kotekan, cecandetan, tetorekan and oncang-ocang, while in terms of the terms of the playing techniques of each Gambang instrument that uses Balinese, namely; noltol, nyelangkit, nyelat/nyelag, ngoncang and nyading.
Nilai Pendidikan Agama Hindu dalam Teks Tutur Jatiswara
Authors: Apsari Ni Wayan Mira
Published: January 2022

Tutur is a type of traditional literary work in the form of prose, which contains religious, philosophical and life values. The speech that will be used as study material in this journal article is entitled Tutur Jatiswara. Jatiswara speech text is a spoken text that describes the advice of parents to their children. The problem statement in this journal article is (1). The structure of the Jatiswara speech text. (2). The educational value contained in the text said Jatiswara. The objectives contained in this journal article are divided into 2, namely general goals and specific goals. The general objective in this journal article is to develop and preserve traditional Balinese literature, especially literary works in the form of speech. The specific objectives in this journal article are (1) to find out the structure contained in Jatiswara's spoken text. (2) This is to determine the value of Hindu religious education in the Jatiswara speech text. The method used in writing this journal article is by using a review method from several sources or what is called the literature method.
THE CONCEPT OF VALUE IN RELIGIOUS PLURALITY IN INDONESIA (REFLECTION ON VERSES OF ĪŚĀ UPANIṢAD)
Authors: Joyo Puspo Renan , Maharani Septiana Dwiputri
Published: January 2022

Indonesia is a pluralistic country. This plurality is indicated by the existence of ethnicities, races, customs, languages, and religions. Plurality does not only breed cooperation, but also conflict. The fact shows that religious plurality is one of the biggest challenges in Indonesia. This study aimed to explore the concept of value in the Īśā Upaniṣad verses which correlate with the plurality of religions in Indonesia. This research used a qualitative approach. Data collection in this study was carried out through document studies on primary and secondary data sources. The primary data sources in this study are Īśā Upaniṣad by Sri Aurobinda, The Principal Upanishads by S. Radhakrishnan, and The Upanisads: A Complete Guide by Cohen Signe, while secondary data sources include documents relevant to the object of the research material. The data analysis in this study used methodical steps of descriptive, interpretative, and holistic analysis, while the theory used is Gadamer's philosophical hermeneutic theory. The results of this study indicate that the verses in the Īśā Upaniṣad have a concept of value that is correlated with the plurality of religions in Indonesia: kinship, tolerance, and harmony; divinity, holiness, and glory; equality, justice, and non-discrimination; unity and oneness; brotherhood, empathy, love, and mutual respect.
SURA MAGADHA: PATRIOTISM AND NATIONALISM OF BANJAR PEOPLE IN THE 1868 BANJAR WAR
Authors: Krishna Ida Bagus Wika
Published: January 2022

This article discusses the conflict between the people of North Bali and Dutch colonialism, especially in Banjar Village, which was known as the Banjar War which took place in 1868. The Balinese resistance war that broke out in various areas became known as puputan, which is a dictionary that means to finish and refers to the meaning that in war, self-respect must include everything, including body and soul. The main cause of this opposition started when the Dutch lowered and replaced the Banjar retainer Ida Made Rai. This research was conducted using historical methods, including heuristics, criticism, synthesis, and historiography. The results of this study found that the resistance was motivated by Dutch politics and intervention to colonize the total area of Bali, especially Buleleng and Banjar Villages. This decision has a logical crisis from the critical attitude of the Banjar people with the crisis at that time. The uniqueness of this prohibition is the critical attitude and methods of clashing as the last resort in their war which gave birth to the ideology of Sura Magadha.

 
MANAGEMENT OF MENTAL DISORDER PATIENTS (ADHIATMIKA DHUKA) IN BALI PROVINCE HOSPITALITY
Authors: Sumantra I Nengah
Published: January 2022

This research is focused on the discussion of (1) integration between traditional and conventional medicine in the RSJ (Mental Hospital) of Bali, (2) the form of a combination of traditional medicine with conventional medicine for mental disorder patients at Mental Hospital of Bali, (3) the impact of integrating traditional medicine and conventional in mental patients at Mental Hospital of Bali. The theory used in analyzing the three problem formulations in this study, namely: (1) psychoanalytic theory, (2) ethnomedicine theory, and (3) perception theory. This research uses the method of documentation, literature study, observation and interviews. The results of this study indicate the following points. First, the factors that cause psychiatric rehabilitation patients at RSJ Bali integrate traditional and conventional medicine consisting of internal factors, e.g., beliefs, needs for holistic nursing care, religion, social, and culture, and also external factors, e.g., state legitimacy towards traditional medicine and western biomedical weakness. Second, the form of traditional medicine for mental illness patients at RSJ Bali Province consists of traditional forms, e.g., diagnosis (nengerin), peruwatan (bhuta Yajna) and spells, speech, dharma wacana (spiritual ceremony), prayer, and text-based handling (manuscripts) of medicine and a combination of traditional and modern techniques, and also conventional forms of treatment for psychoanalysis, cognitive behavioral approaches (cognitive behavior), humanistic approaches, and other types of therapy. The form of combining traditional and modern techniques consists of diagnosis, improvement of mental development, the use of drugs, and treatment by spiritual means. Third, traditional and conventional treatments for mental patients at RSJ Bali have an individual impact, social impact, psychological impact on patients, the impact of power, and the impact of community culture.
IDEOLOGICAL STRUGGLE FROM STRATIFICATION OF CATUR WANGSA AND CATUR WARNA IN POETRY GEGURITAN CHANDRA BHAIRAWA
Authors: Wisnu Parta Ida Bagus Made , Suarka I Nyoman , Cika I Wayan , Suastika I Made
Published: January 2022

Balinese society has debated on Warna, Kasta (caste), and Wangsa stratification has been going on for a long time because of a lack of understanding about cultural differences. Bali's social stratification is focused on Wangsa. The title inherited the male line. This fits the ancestral scheme, Purusa, or patrilineal. The author is interested in investigating one of Catur Wangsa's issues in the Candra Bhairawa text focused on group polemics about Warna, Kasta (caste), and Wangsa stratification discourse. The issues addressed in this study are how to stratify Catur Wangsa's duties and responsibilities in Candra Bhairawa text. This study aimed to determine the ideological struggle to stratify Catur Wangsa and Catur Warna in Bali. The method used in this research is to study literature by gathering primary and secondary data. This study results in (1 ) identifying and charting Catur Warna and Catur Warna (2)Duties of Wangsa Brahmana, Wangsa Ksatria, Wangsa Waisya, Wangsa Sudra (3) The Wangsa philosophical conflict in society poses two points of view, notably, the desire to retain the Wangsa and release the Wangsa with several stages of the Diksa Ceremony. 
CHARACTER EDUCATION THROUGH MATERUNA NYOMAN CEREMONY IN TENGANAN PEGRINGSINGAN VILLAGE, KARANGASEM-BALI
Authors: Saklit I Wayan
Published: January 2022

This research aims to study the phenomenon of character education through the Materuna Nyoman Ceremony in Tenganan Pegringsingan Village, Karangasem Regency, Bali Province. This research was conducted using a qualitative approach and found results, such as (1) the Materuna Nyoman ceremony is a ceremony that must be followed by every youth in Tenganan Pegringsingan Village as a requirement of being recognized as an adult; (2) through the Materuna Nyoman Ceremony, religious characters, patience, care for the environment, social care, responsibility, independence, and self-sacrifice can be formed; and (3) the participation of teruna in the Materuna Nyoman Ceremony has implications for increasing the teruna’s knowledge of ethics, responsibility, social care, environmental care, and so on. The development of positive knowledge evidently also has implications for the formation of good attitudes, and ultimately leads to the development of good behavior for teruna who have participated in the Materuna Nyoman Ceremony.
COLOR NOMENCLATURES IN BALINESE LANGUAGE WITHIN LINGUISTIC ANTHROPOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Lawa Manuaba Ida Bagus Arya
Published: January 2022

Balinese language has some unique color nomenclatures. How those colors are categorized into different nomenclatures becomes the first concern of this study. Then, why those nomenclatures are linguistically unique and exist culturally in different ways is the second question. NSM (Natural Semantic Metalanguage) is used both in theory and method. Since some Balinese terms are inexplicable through semantic primes of the NSM, linguistic relativity theory is used to dig descriptive meanings and concepts of those color nomenclatures in Balinese cultural linguistic realm. The study finds that there are four color nomenclatures in Balinese language, and those nomenclatures are different mainly because of religious and historical backgrounds. 