bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physiological and behavioural strategies of aquatic animals living in fluctuating environments
Authors: Blewett Tamzin A. , Binning Sandra A. , Weinrauch Alyssa M. , Ivy Catherine M. , Rossi Giulia S. , Borowiec Brittney G. , Lau Gigi Y. , Overduin Sienna L. , Aragao Isabel , Norin Tommy
Published: May 2022

Shallow or near-shore environments, such as ponds, estuaries and intertidal zones, are among the most physiologically challenging of all aquatic settings. Animals inhabiting these environments experience conditions that fluctuate markedly over relatively short temporal and spatial scales. Living in these habitats requires the ability to tolerate the physiological disturbances incurred by these environmental fluctuations. This tolerance is achieved through a suite of physiological and behavioural responses that allow animals to maintain homeostasis, including the ability to dynamically modulate their physiology through reversible phenotypic plasticity. However, maintaining the plasticity to adjust to some stresses in a dynamic environment may trade off with the capacity to deal with other stressors. This paper will explore studies on select fishes and invertebrates exposed to fluctuations in dissolved oxygen, salinity and pH. We assess the physiological mechanisms these species employ to achieve homeostasis, with a focus on the plasticity of their responses, and consider the resulting physiological trade-offs in function. Finally, we discuss additional factors that may influence organismal responses to fluctuating environments, such as the presence of multiple stressors, including parasites. We echo recent calls from experimental biologists to consider physiological responses to life in naturally fluctuating environments, not only because they are interesting in their own right but also because they can reveal mechanisms that may be crucial for living with increasing environmental instability as a consequence of climate change.
Serotonin mediates stress-like effects on responses to non-nociceptive stimuli in the medicinal leech Hirudo verbana
Authors: Mack Danielle , Yevugah Andrew , Renner Kenneth , Burrell Brian D.
Published: May 2022

Noxious stimuli can elicit stress in animals that produce a variety of adaptations including changes in responses to nociceptive and non-nociceptive sensory input. One example is stress-induced analgesia that may be mediated, in part, by the endocannabinoid system. However, endocannabinoids can also have pro-nociceptive effects. In this study, the effects of electroshock, one experimental approach for producing acute stress, were examined on responses to non-nociceptive mechanical stimuli and nociceptive thermal stimuli in the medicinal leech (Hirudo verbana). The electroshock stimuli did not alter the leeches’ responses to nociceptive stimuli, but did cause sensitization to non-nociceptive stimuli, characterized by a reduction in response threshold. These experiments were repeated with drugs that either blocked synthesis of the endocannabinoid transmitter 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) or transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) channel, which is known to act as an endocannabinoid receptor. Surprisingly, neither treatment had any effect on responses following electroshock. However, the electroshock stimuli reliably increased serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine or 5HT) levels in the H. verbana CNS. Injection of 5HT mimicked the effects of the electroshocks, sensitizing responses to non-nociceptive stimuli and having no effect on responses to nociceptive stimuli. Injections of the 5HT receptor antagonist methysergide reduced the sensitization effect to non-nociceptive stimuli after electroshock treatment. These results indicate that electroshocks enhance response to non-nociceptive stimuli but do not alter responses to nociceptive stimuli. Furthermore, while 5HT appears to play a critical role in this shock-induced sensitizing effect, the endocannabinoid system seems to have no effect.
REVISANDO O PRINCÍPIO DA TIPICIDADE TRIBUTÁRIA: UMA ANÁLISE A PARTIR DA NOÇÃO DE CONCEITOS E TIPOS
Authors: Padre Diogo Augusto Vidal , Carvalho Ivan Lira de
Published: May 2022

Objetivo: O objetivo do presente artigo é revisar o princípio da tipicidade tributária à luz de uma adequada concepção dos conceitos e dos tipos, analisando o seu conteúdo e delimitando a sua extensão.Metodologia: A pesquisa possui natureza básica ou pura, a forma de abordagem é qualitativa e adota o procedimento bibliográfico, partindo da distinção entre os conceitos e tipos.Resultados: A tipicidade tributária constititui a dimensão material do princípio constitucional da legalidade e consubstancia-se no mandamento dirigido ao legislador para descrever todos os elementos do tributo e suas consequências jurídicas. Os conceitos jusprivatistas incoporados pela legislação tributária podem ser reformulados pelo Direito Tributário, desde que por meio de lei. Todavia, os conceitos utilizados pela Constituição para delimitar competências tributárias não poderão sofrer alteração pelo legislador infraconstitucional, em virtude da supremacia constitucional. A interpretação econômica do fato gerador, bem como outras doutrinas que pretendem justificar a tributação diretamente nos princípios da capacidade contributiva, igualdade e solidariedade social, não encontra suporte no nosso ordenamento jurídico.Contribuições: O princípio da tipicidade tributária está positivado no ordenamento jurídico nacional, devendo ser compreendido não como uma exigência de seleção de conceitos absolutamente precisos para a definição das hipóteses de incidência, mas como um mandamento no sentido de utilizar, na maior medida possível, conceitos que permitam a previsibilidade e determinabilidade dos tributos.
A RESPONSABILIDADE CIVIL NA LEI GERAL DE PROTEÇÃO DE DADOS PESSOAIS E A REGRA DE HAND
Authors: Santos Rômulo Marcel Souto dos , Leitão André Studart , Wolkart Erik Navarro
Published: May 2022

Objetivo:O presente artigo se propõe a investigar o tema da responsabilidade civil por danos decorrentes do tratamento de dados pessoais, fazendo-o nos termos e nos limites em que regulado pela Lei Federal nº 13.709, de 14 de agosto de 2018, cognominada Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados Pessoais (LGPD). A indagação central a ser respondida, por não ter sido definida de forma clara pelo legislador infraconstitucional, diz respeito ao tipo de responsabilidade civil previsto na LGPD, se de índole objetiva ou subjetiva. Pretende-se analisar, em complemento, se a regra de Hand, formulada pelo magistrado estadunidense Learned Hand, pode ser útil à delimitação da responsabilidade por negligência dos agentes de tratamento de dados pessoais.Metodologia: O método de pesquisa utilizado será o qualitativo-dedutivo, com vistas à confirmação das hipóteses suscitadas para a resolução da problemática exposta. Para tanto, serão estabelecidos os conceitos de responsabilidade civil objetiva e subjetiva, bem como analisados os aspectos centrais da legislação especial relacionados à referida responsabilidade, notadamente no que diz respeito aos agentes de tratamento de dados pessoais. Não tendo o legislador esclarecido a natureza da responsabilidade civil regulada pela LGPD, será investigado se o tratamento de dados pessoais pode ser inserido no rol de atividades de risco, a atrair a incidência do art. 927, parágrafo único, do Código Civil brasileiro.Resultados: Encontrou-se uma relação entre a responsabilidade civil prevista na lei protetiva de dados pessoais e a regra de Hand, sugerindo-se que a compreensão do juiz estadunidense Learned Hand pode ser útil à delimitação da responsabilidade civil decorrente do tratamento de dados pessoais. Evidenciou-se, ainda, que o tratamento de dados pessoais é atividade múltipla, nem sempre passível de enquadramento na seara das atividades de risco.Contribuições: Utilização da regra de Hand como critério útil para aquilatar a responsabilidade civil dos agentes de tratamento de dados pessoais em casos de responsabilidade por negligência.
Η δημοτική μουσική στις τουρκόφωνες και ελληνόφωνες μουσικές συλλογές της ύστερης οθωμανικής περιόδου
Authors: Χαλδαιάκη Ευαγγελία
Published: May 2022

Καθ’ όλη τη διάρκεια της οθωμανικής περιόδου αναπτύχθηκαν στην πρωτεύουσα και στα αστικά κέντρα της οθωμανικής αυτοκρατορίας ποικίλα μουσικά είδη. Αυτά συνδέονται με την οθωμανική κουλτούρα και το παλάτι, τις θρησκευτικές και εθνοθρησκευτικές ομάδες που αποτέλεσαν τον πληθυσμό της αυτοκρατορίας, καθώς και με τις διάφορες εκφάνσεις της ζωής στην αυτοκρατορία: κουλτούρα του παλατιού, καθημερινότητα, διασκέδαση, θρησκευτική ζωή, κ.λπ. Η παρούσα διατριβή ασχολείται με τη μουσική που αναπαρήγαγαν κυρίως ο τουρκόφωνος και ελληνόφωνος πληθυσμός της αυτοκρατορίας, εστιάζοντας στη δημοτική μουσική των κοινοτήτων αυτών. Στοιχεία για τις μουσικές των κοινοτήτων αντλούμε από τις μουσικές συλλογές που αυξήθηκαν κατά την ύστερη οθωμανική περίοδο (μέσα 19ου-αρχές 20ου αι.), και περιέχουν συνθέσεις τόσο του λαϊκού όσο και του λόγιου ρεπερτορίου, χωρίς να κάνουν ωστόσο πάντοτε διάκριση ανάμεσα στα δυο αυτά είδη. Ειδικότερα, η δημοτική μουσική καταγράφεται συστηματικότερα στις συλλογές της συγκεκριμένης περιόδου, γεγονός που συνδέεται άμεσα με τις πολιτικοκοινωνικές και γενικότερα ιδεολογικές τάσεις της εποχής. Από την κοινή αυτή κλίση που προέκυψε στους εδώ εξεταζόμενους πληθυσμούς των μουσουλμάνων και Ρωμηών φανερώνεται μια ενδότερη διακοινοτική σχέση. Eπιπλέον σαφή στοιχεία για τη διερεύνηση των ίδιων διακοινοτικών σχέσεων δίνουν τα τουρκόφωνα τραγούδια που περιλαμβάνονται στις ελληνόφωνες συλλογές των Ρωμηών μουσικών. Σκοπός της παρούσας διατριβής είναι να εξετάσει τις τουρκόφωνες και ελληνόφωνες μουσικές συλλογές της ύστερης οθωμανικής περιόδου, να διασαφηνίσει το δημοτικό μουσικό υλικό που καταγράφεται σε αυτές και να πραγματολογηθεί γύρω από την ενασχόληση με τον λαϊκό πολιτισμό και τις διακοινοτικές σχέσεις κατά τη συγκεκριμένη χρονική περίοδο.
Φραγκίσκου Σκούφου, Τέχνη Ρητορικής (1681)
Authors: Μάττα Σωτηρία
Published: May 2022

Σκοπός της παρούσας διατριβής είναι η κριτική έκδοση της Τέχνης Ρητορικής (1681) του Φραγκίσκου Σκούφου. Η εργασία χωρίζεται σε τέσσερα μέρη: Εισαγωγή, κριτική έκδοση, σχόλια και γλωσσάριο. Στην Εισαγωγή, αφού παρουσιάζονται τα εργο-βιογραφικά στοιχεία του Σκούφου, εξετάζεται η έντυπη και η χειρόγραφη παράδοση του κειμένου. Περιγράφονται δύο χειρόγραφα του 18ου αιώνα και αποδεικνύεται ότι δεν επηρεάζουν την παράδοση του έργου. Κατά την εξέταση της δομής και της θεματικής εντοπίζονται κείμενα από τα οποία αφορμάται ο Σκούφος για τη συγγραφή του αφιερωματικού προλόγου και του σημειώματος προς τον αναγνώστη. Από τη μελέτη της ρητορικής ύλης προκύπτει ότι για την κατάρτισή της ο συγγραφέας άντλησε από την De arte Rhetorica (1562) του ιησουίτη Suarez, ενώ οι τρόποι προοιμίων λαμβάνονται από το Pantheon argutae elocutionis (1670) του Verani και το ιησουιτικό εγχειρίδιο Tyrocinium (1647) του Paiot. Στη συνέχεια μελετώνται οι παραδειγματικές ιστορίες (exempla), ενώ προτείνεται η κατάταξή τους με κριτήρια τον χειρισμό των πηγών από τον Σκούφο και την αφηγηματική πρακτική που ακολουθεί. Από την αναζήτηση των πραγματικών πηγών του έργου αποδεικνύεται ότι ο Σκούφος αντλεί κυρίως από ενδιάμεσες λατινικές πηγές. Η ανίχνευση των πηγών εμπλουτίζει τη συζήτηση για την ειδολογική ένταξη της Τέχνης Ρητορικής με τα στοιχεία της εμβληματικής τυποποίησης του λόγου, της εγκυκλοπαιδικότητας και της ρητορικής της εικόνας που εκφέρονται με το υψηλό ύφος του επιδεικτικού λόγου. Κατά τη μελέτη της γλώσσας του κειμένου αναλύονται τα χαρακτηριστικά της καθώς και τα κυρίαρχα υφολογικά στοιχεία, ενώ στο πλαίσιο της διερεύνησης της αφηγηματικής τεχνικής εντοπίζεται η −πιθανώς πρωτοποριακή για τη λογοτεχνία του 17ου αιώνα− τεχνική του εσωτερικού μονόλογου των ηρώων. Η κριτική έκδοση επιχειρείται σε μονοτονικό σύστημα και είναι συντηρητική ως προς τις οποιεσδήποτε επεμβάσεις, φωνητικές και ορθογραφικές. Τη διατριβή συμπληρώνουν οι κριτικές σημειώσεις, το γλωσσάριο, καθώς και τα ευρετήρια κύριων ονομάτων και θεματικής των exempla.
Πρότυπα συνταγογράφησης και εκτίμηση κόστους με τη βοήθεια μεγάλων δεδομένων σε νοσήματα πνευμόνων
Authors: Λαμπρόπουλος Ιωάννης
Published: May 2022

H παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή παρουσιάζει την χρησιμότητα των προτύπων συνταγογράφησης με τη βοήθεια μεγάλων δεδομένων για την εκτίμηση κόστους του κόστους των πνευμονικών νοσημάτων. Το υλικό της μελέτης αφορούσε δεδομένα από το σύστημα ηλεκτρονικής συνταγογράφησης του Εθνικού Οργανισμού Παροχής Υπηρεσιών Υγείας και αφορούσε αναδρομικά. Συγκεκριμένα, στο 1ο κεφάλαιο του ειδικού μέρους, αναλύθηκαν 101.426 ηλεκτρονικές συνταγογραφήσεις και έγινε η κατανομή τους ανά ICD10 για την Πνευμονική Εμβολή ενώ μετρήθηκε ο αντίστοιχος συνολικός επιπολασμός καθώς και ο επιπολασμός των ανδρών, των γυναικών και ανά γεωγραφική περιοχή. Επίσης υπολογίστηκε η ανάλυση των ηλεκτρονικών συνταγογραφήσεων ανά ειδικότητα ιατρού. Στο 2ο μέρος αναλύθηκαν 29.787 ηλεκτρονικές συνταγογραφήσεις οι οποίες αφορούσαν ICD10 των Άλλων Διάμεσων Παθήσεων με Ίνωση ως προς την κατανομή τους ανά έτος, ανά φύλο, ενώ εκτιμήθηκε ο επιπολασμός της νόσου. Επίσης υπολογίστηκε η κατανομή των ηλεκτρονικών συνταγογραφήσεων ανά ειδικότητα ιατρού. Στο 3ο μέρος πραγματοποιήθηκε η εκτίμηση του φαρμακευτικού κόστους της Πνευμονικής Εμβολής στην Ελλάδα από δεδομένα τα οποία λήφθηκαν από το Ιατρείο Πνευμονικής Εμβολής του Πανεπιστημιακού Γενικού Νοσοκομείου Λάρισας τα οποία προβλήθηκαν στα διαθέσιμα από τον ΕΟΠΥΥ δεδομένα.Η μεθοδολογία που ακολουθήθηκε για την ανάλυση των αποτελεσμάτων αφορούσε τη χρήση του στατιστικού προγράμματος SPSS (22.0). Τα αποτελέσματα παρουσιάζουν για πρώτη φορά τον επιπολασμό της Πνευμονικής Εμβολής και των Άλλων Διάμεσων Παθήσεων με Ίνωση για την Ελλάδα για τα έτη 2013 – 2017. Όσον αφορά την Πνευμονική Εμβολή προέκυψε μια αυξητική τάση για τον επιπολασμό της Πνευμονικής Εμβολής για όλα αυτά τα χρόνια μελέτης με τον επιπολασμό των γυναικών είναι υψηλότερος από τους άνδρες με υψηλότερη αυξητική τάση. Επίσης και στις Άλλες Διάμεσες Παθήσεις με Ίνωση παρατηρήθηκε μια αυξητική τάση για τον επιπολασμό της νόσου για όλα αυτά τα χρόνια με τον επιπολασμό των ανδρών είναι υψηλότερος από τις γυναίκες. Τέλος, όσον αφορά ην εκτίμηση του εξωνοσοκομειακού φαρμακευτικού κόστους για τη θεραπεία της Πνευμονικής Εμβολής για την Ελλάδα για τα έτη 2013-2017, φαίνεται πως αυξάνεται με την πάροδο των ετών και αυτό οφείλεται κυρίως στα DOACs, πιθανώς λόγω της μεγάλης διείσδυσης των φαρμάκων αυτών στην αγορά.Τα παρόντα αποτελέσματα μπορούν να χρησιμοποιηθούν για την αποτελεσματική οργάνωση των εθνικών εκστρατειών των συστημάτων υγειονομικής περίθαλψης για τη διάγνωση, τη θεραπεία και την πρόληψη των δυο Πνευμονικών Νοσημάτων. Επίσης, η εκτίμηση του κόστους θα βοηθήσει για τη χάραξη και τη λήψη ορθολογικών αποφάσεων για τις πολιτικές υγείας.
Geoarchäologische Untersuchungen zur Entstehung der spätrömischen und frühmittelalterlichen Schichten
Authors: Rentzel Philippe , Pümpin Christine
Published: May 2022

Im Beitrag werden die geoarchäologischen Untersuchungen der dark-earth-Ablagerungen vom Basler Münsterhügel vorgestellt.
sehr kurze (Erforschungs-)Geschichte zu Basel-Gasfabrik
Authors: Spichtig Norbert
Published: May 2022

Seit über 100 Jahren wird in Basel auf dem Areal der «alten Gasfabrik» im äusseren St. Johann-Quartier eine der bedeutendsten jüngerlatènezeitlichen Fundstellen der Schweiz archäologisch erforscht. Durch die sehr intensiven Feldarbeiten in den fast drei Jahrzehnten ab 1988 konnte – im Vergleich zu den vormaligen Grundlagen – die Datenbasis massiv erweitert und verbessert werden. 
Der Artikel stellt die Fundstelle «Basel-Gasfabrik» kurz vor und bietet einen Überblick über die Forschungsgeschichte.
Supplemente 1-9
Authors: Gottardi Corina
Published: May 2022

Folgende Teile des Artikels «Methodisches Vorgehen bei der geochemischen Analyse der Keramik von Basel-Gasfabrik» von Corina Gottardi sind ausschliesslich online publiziert:
Supplemente 1-9
Association of leukocyte nadir with complete remission in Indonesian acute myeloid leukemia patients undergoing 7+3 remission induction chemotherapy
Authors: Hadisantoso Dwi Wahyunianto , Ranuhardy Dody , Rajabto Wulyo , Rizka Aulia , Setiawan Lyana , Rinaldi Ikhwan , Mansjoer Arif , Nelwan Erni Juwita , Shatri Hamzah
Published: May 2022

Background: The 7+3 regimen is still the main choice of remission induction chemotherapy in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Successfully achieving complete remission (CR) and the time required to achieve it determine patient’s survival. Hence, bone marrow examination on 14th day of chemotherapy is recommended to predict CR. However, the examination is invasive and still inaccurate.

Methods: A prognostic study with retrospective cohort design was conducted at two central hospitals in Indonesia based on medical record data of AML patients who underwent 7+3 induction chemotherapy from January 1st, 2015, to December 31st, 2019. The association of nadir leukocyte level and the time required to achieve it with CR occurrence was assessed.

Results: One hundred and one subjects were recruited with median age 39 years and 55% men. A total of 55.4% subjects achieved CR. Nadir leukocyte level below 200/mcl was the most optimal cut-off point and independently associated with CR (OR 2.45; 95% CI 1.01–5.94) while time required to achieve it was not.

Conclusions: The nadir leukocyte level is associated with an increase probability of CR but not for the time required to achieve it in AML patients undergoing 7+3 induction chemotherapy.
Data protection record of processing activities and privacy notice generator toolkit by EMBL’s European Bioinformatics Institute
Authors: González Ferreiro Montserrat , Newhouse Steven
Published: May 2022

EMBL-EBI, Europe's biomolecular data hub, is a world leader in managing and analysing big data in biology and making it freely available to scientists worldwide. Researchers can access the open data resources and related services of EMBL-EBI by submitting minimal personal data. In May 2018, following the enforcement of the European Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), EMBL adopted the EMBL Internal Policy no. 68 on General Data Protection. It reflects European data protection principles while remaining within the bounds of EMBL's international legal status. As a result of GDPR and EMBL's Internal Policy No. 68 coming into force, 190 EMBL-EBI user-facing services that processed personal data in 2018 were required to have Records of Processing Activities (RoPA) and Privacy Notices (PN). EMBL-EBI's solution was to develop a Data Protection Engine (DPE) that automatically generates RoPA and PN when a service owner answers a series of questions. In addition to maintaining a centrally located database for RoPAs and PNs, the DPE tracks changes to the documents, as well as providing versioning and time-stamped updates. It is the aim of this article to share the EMBL-EBI IT department’s experience with designing and implementing the DPE and providing a toolkit to let others develop a similar solution and benefit from our experience. Implementation steps, benefits, challenges, opportunities, and practices are discussed and critically analysed.
Environmental perceptions of global business travel by Swiss companies in the Zurich airport region
Authors: Echeverria Arrondo Ignacio , Wolfs Bert
Published: May 2022

Background: This article presents findings from research conducted before the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on companies located in the Zurich airport region of Switzerland, regarding the needs for global business travel and its impacts.

Methods: The study involved a mixed methods approach. Five hypotheses were tested using inferential statistics on data obtained from pre-tested closed questions in a web-based survey. Deeper context was explored through an interview-based case-study conducted at a Swiss pharma company.

Results: Supporting alternative hypothesis 3 (Ha(3)), a significant positive relationship was found between travel frequency and business growth, F(1, 100) = 11.31, p = 0.0011. Supporting Ha(4), corporate culture had a significant positive relationship with business travel frequency (F(1, 100) = 15.50, p = 0.0002) and average trip length (F(1, 100) = 6.39, p = 0.01). And thirdly supporting Ha(5), corporate social responsibility had a significant relationship with global business travel (91%). Ho(2) and Ho(3) were accepted. The case study found that smart corporate travel policies and regulations should be instantiated to enhance our environment, which would also benefit employee wellbeing. Travel can be reduced significantly despite being demonstrated that physical co-presence is important for building trust. The case study suggests tools to support the monitoring and management of global business travel by organizations.

Conclusions: COVID-19 has impacted travel for business significantly, and future research will be necessary to assess its impact. The article explores the ongoing research in this area, and several relevant implications are proposed for future leaders. The case study found willingness to pay both corporate and individual green taxes, and a deficiency in corporate communication around the environment. Business travel is needed to build trust; however, it can be reduced.
Assessment of the knowledge, attitudes and practices of Lebanese shoppers towards food labeling: The first steps in the Nutri-score roadmap
Authors: Hoteit Maha , Yazbeck Nour , Al-Jawaldeh Ayoub , Obeid Cecile , Fattah Heba Abdul , Ghader Marwa , Mohsen Hala
Published: May 2022

Background: Food labeling is a fundamental educational tool for advocating for public awareness. It emphasizes knowledge of the nutrient content of food and thus directs the choice towards the healthiest food products.

This cross-sectional survey aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding nutrition label use in Lebanon through a valid questionnaire.

Methods: Overall, 768 participants (mean age: 30.8 ±12, males: 60.2%) were recruited randomly between February and May 2020. We used word of mouth and social media to recruit our sample population.

Results: Social media was the most accessed tool to attain nutrition information by responders (39.8%). More than half the participants expressed positive attitudes to check information related to sugars (66.4%), vitamins (64.9%), total fats (61.7%), proteins (59.1%), and calories (58.7%) on the food label. Expiry date, price, and brand name were the top three considerations while reading food labels. About half (46.5%) reported to “always” look at the food label. Responders reported reading labels related primarily to sugars (44.3%), calories (38.8%), and total fats (36.8%). The optimal total KAP score was 46; our findings revealed a mean KAP score of 14.46 ±7 (31.4%). When categorizing the KAP scores, 15% had high scores, and 85% scored low. Spearman’s coefficients showed positive correlations between knowledge-attitude, knowledge-practice, and attitude-practice scores, with p<0.001. The regression analysis revealed that gender, age, BMI, residency area, educational level, university degree, health and diet statuses, and activity level were significant predictors of the KAP score. Being on a diet had the highest odds (OR=3.107, CI=1.904-5.072, p<0.001).

Conclusion: The low awareness of food labels leads Lebanese people to choose unhealthy food options. A planned educational program is recommended to ease the interpretation of these labels.
Mindful Caring: A pilot study of an online mindfulness workshop for medical students to improve self-compassion
Authors: Tan Guan Hao Chester , Hong Daniel Zhihao , Lim Isis Claire Zhen Yu , Toh Ying Pin , Loh Victor Weng Keong , Lien Virginia
Published: May 2022

Background: This study examines the effectiveness of a pilot Mindful Caring workshop in improving self-compassion, mindfulness, and empathy, while reducing stress.  

Methods: Clinical-year medical students from the National University of Singapore underwent 16 hours of online workshops over 4 days with didactic and experiential teachings on self-compassion and mindfulness. Primary outcomes of self-compassion and mindfulness were measured with the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) and the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire-15 (FFMQ-15) respectively. Secondary outcomes measured included empathy and stress levels. Qualitative feedback was also sought. 

Results:  

Primary outcomes included improvements in self-compassion and mindfulness. Out of 21 participants, 19 (90.5%) completed both pre- and post-intervention questionnaires. Participants experienced significant mean improvements in self-compassion (p<0.05) and mindfulness (p<0.05), while improvements in empathy and stress levels did not reach statistical significance. 

Conclusions: A short online Mindful Caring workshop could be an avenue to improve self-compassion and mindfulness, which may have a downstream effect on burnout.
A Wide-Beam Metasurface Antenna Using Pattern Combination of Characteristic Modes
Authors: Zhao Shizhe , Li Xiuping , Chen Yongxin , Zhao Wenyu , Qi Zihang
Published: May 2022

In this paper, a new method based on characteristic mode analysis for designing wide-beam antennas is proposed. According to theory of characteristic modes, the total radiation pattern is the linear combination of modal currents. The phase of the excitation coefficient is demonstrated to be the characteristic angle. To get a wide-beam pattern, a fundamental mode and an even mode are selected to be excited and combined. The method is verified by the proposed antenna. First, two modes are selected based on characteristic mode analysis. Then the modes are excited separately using different feeding networks. Lastly, a 1-to-3 power divider is proposed to combine the feeding networks. The proposed antenna has a 3-dB beamwidth of over 200∘ in both 45∘ and 135∘ planes. The results have shown that the proposed antenna is suitable for a wide range of detection applications.
Electronically Steerable Parasitic Patches for Dual-Polarization Reconfigurable Antenna Using Varactors
Authors: Mu Yajie , Han Jiaqi , Xia Dexiao , Ma Xiangjin , Liu Haixia , Li Long
Published: May 2022

This paper presents a dual-polarized reconfigurable antenna loading electronically steerable parasitic patches. The proposed dual-polarized antenna is surrounded by four parasitic patches each of which is mounted by two varactor diodes on the ground. By tuning the varactors, continuous two-dimensional beam-steering can be achieved for each of the polarization. A prototype of the proposed antenna is fabricated and measured. Excellent agreement between the simulated and measured results is observed. It is observed that the maximum beam-scanning angles in E-plane and H-plane are greater than ±25∘, which is suitable for 5G base station applications.
Design and Optimization of a Wideband Rectangular TEM Device for Cell Experiments
Authors: Wang Shiqi , Fang Shaojun , Chen Peng
Published: May 2022

The influence of electromagnetic waves on living things has been of great concern in recent years. Traditionally, electromagnetic radiation device for cell experiments has a narrow frequency range and small radiation space. In this paper, a DC to 5.2-GHz rectangular transverse electromagnetic (TEM) device for cell experiments is proposed. The novelty of this research lies in the wide frequency range and sufficient radiation space under the condition of ensuring the transmission performance. The rectangular device is composed of a closed rectangular coaxial transmission line, tapered transition regions, inner plate structure, and dielectric supports. After simulation, optimization, and measurement, both the results of the simulated and measured studies indicate that reflection coefficient S11 is below −10 dB and transmission coefficient S21 is nearly 0 dB. It is demonstrated that the device has a good transmission performance from DC to 5.2 GHz, which meets the requirement for wideband cell radiation experiments. The proposed rectangular device is a good candidate for cell radiation experiment device.
Design of Electronically Controlled Filter Power Divider Based on Liquid Crystal
Authors: Shen Wenjie , Han Ying , Chen Weirong , Jiang Di , Luo Sha , Bai Tianming
Published: May 2022

The wireless communication system is one of the most important facilities of fuel cell hybrid power tram (FCHPT), which provides a strong guarantee for efficient and safe operation. As an indispensable part of the RF front-end of the transmitter and receiver, the miniaturization and high-performance trends of filtering power dividers are becoming evident. Based on the principle of filter power divider, a capacitor loaded power divider filter is designed and fabricated in this paper. The center frequency of the designed power divider filter is 30 GHz, the return loss S11 is less than −10 dB in the range from 29.2 to 31.6 GHz, and the insertion losses S21 and S31 are less than 5.3 dB. The frequency shift of 1.8 GHz can be achieved by changing the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal with an applied bias voltage, which can be used in millimeter wave communication system.
Simulation of High Frequency Twisted Pair Cable Using DDM-FEM Hybrid Algorithm
Authors: Khan S. , Zhao Y. , Wei Y. , Mueed A. , Ullah Z. , Khan A.
Published: May 2022

In this article, an efficient domain decomposition method finite element method (DDM-FEM) algorithm is presented for the lossy twisted pair cable. In harsh environment and anti-interface ability, cables need high toughness, noise immunity, and extraordinary strength. We, in this paper, simulate a physical model of twisted pair cable and apply a hybrid solver of DDM-FEM to analyze these problems by compression and approximation of matrix-vector product. The DDM-FEM solver along with matrix compression is used to compute the RLCG, propagation constant in the twisted pair cable, and to reduce the computational time and memory size. Therefore, in the proposed algorithm, the complexities of the system become linear. The study compares the calculated results with the existing standard to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Eddy Current Microsensor Dedicated to the Nondestructive Testing of Conductive Plates
Authors: Aber Chifaa , Hamid Azzedine , Elchikh Mokhtar , Lebey Tierry
Published: May 2022

To ensure the safety of transportation and prevent accidents, nondestructive testing by Eddy current (EC) is proposed to check the conditions of industrial parts. EC sensors are used for the inspection of defects in conductive parts using coil fed by alternative current. These sensors are sensitive to defects, easy to implement, and robust for industrial applications. In order to satisfy the requirement for both reliability and speed during inspection operations, innovative EC sensors that can provide higher sensitivity, better spatial resolution, and more information about the defect characteristics, such as microsensors, are developed. The miniaturization of these sensors’ coils conforms the sensor for micro-defects in critical parts and in complex materials. In this paper, a microsensor dedicated to EC application is studied and characterized to identify the coil parameters and to optimize the geometry of the probe. An approach for the modeling of microsensor dedicated to EC nondestructive applications is proposed. The moving band finite element method is implemented for this purpose to take into account the movement of the sensor and to simplify the modeling of EC testing configurations that use this kind ofsensor. Experimental validations were conducted on a nickel-based alloy specimen. The real and imaginary parts of the impedance at every position of the sensor computed by experiments and simulations were consistent with each other. Simulation results proved that the sensor was capable of detecting micro-defects with a size starting from 0.1 mm under the optimal excitation frequency of 0.8 MHz. It is not only sensitive to micro-cracks, but also it distinguishes the different crack sizes (length, width, anddepth).
Simulation of an asymmetric hexagonal microcavity with high-ratio fluorescence and high-efficiency directional emission
Authors: Ren Lu , Chen Zhihui , Feng Guang , Wang Xiaowei , Yang Yibiao , Sun Fei , Liu Yichao
Published: May 2022

Ratiometric fluorescent sensors are widely used in biological sensing and immunoassays due to their high sensitivity detection of analytes. The high-ratio value of fluorescence can increase the sensitivity of the fluorescence sensor; in addition, the directional emission can improve the efficiency of light collection and improve the effective use of radiation power. In previous studies, low fluorescence ratios and low directional emission efficiency have restricted the application of ratio fluorescence sensors. Based on the above constraints, this paper proposes an asymmetric hexagonal microcavity structure. By destroying the complete rotational symmetry of the hexagon structure, it achieves high fluorescence ratios and high-efficiency directional emission in the far-field range in the near-infrared wavelength range, which is of significance for the development of high sensitivity fluorescence sensors.
Modular-assembled laser system for a long-baseline atom interferometer
Authors: Xu Rundong , Wang Qi , Yan Sitong , Hou Zhuo , He Chuan , Ji Yuhang , Li Zhixin , Jiang Junjie , Qiao Biyan , Zhou Lin , Wang Ji , Zhan Mingsheng
Published: May 2022

The Zhaoshan long-baseline Atom Interferometer Gravitation Antenna (ZAIGA) is a new, to the best of our knowledge, type of large-scale atom interferometer facility under construction for the study of gravitation and related problems. To meet the different requirements of the laser system for the atom interferometer using various atoms (including

85

R
b

,

87

R
b

,

87

S
r

, and

88

S
r

), we design and implement a modular assembled laser system. By dividing the laser system into different basic units according to their functions and modularizing each unit, the laser system is made highly scalable while being compact and stable. Its intensity stability is better than 0.1% in

1

0

2

s

and 0.5% in

1

0

4

s

. We test the performance of the laser system with two experimental systems, i.e., an

85

R
b

−

87

R
b

dual-species ultracold atom source and an

85

R
b

atom interferometer. The

85

R
b

−

87

R
b

dual-species magneto-optical trap and the

85

R
b

atom interference fringes are realized by using this laser system, indicating that its technical performance can meet the major experimental requirements.
Dispersion properties of a slab waveguide with a graded-index core layer and a nonlinear cladding using the WKB approximation method
Authors: Almawgani Abdulkarem H. M. , Taya Sofyan A. , Hussein Aya J. , Colak Ilhami
Published: May 2022

Graded-index waveguides deserve investigation because they are more practical than those of step-index profiles. In this communication, a three-layer slab waveguide in which the core film has an exponentially graded refractive index is assumed. In this case, the film and substrate layers merge smoothly to form one layer of refractive index

n
(
x
)

which is equal to

n
f

at the cladding–film boundary and

n
s

deep in the substrate layer. The cladding layer is made of a Kerr-type nonlinear material. An exact solution to such a waveguide structure is not possible. Approximation techniques are usually used in these cases. We employ the WKB approximation method to find an approximate dispersion relation of the proposed waveguide in terms of the asymmetry parameters

a

,

b

, and

V

. The universal dispersion curves are studied in detail. A number of interesting features are observed, such as the lack of a cutoff thickness related to the symmetric waveguide structure of

a
=

0

. The

b

-values are all less than one, which corresponds to guided modes.
cGAN-assisted imaging through stationary scattering media
Authors: Rawat Siddharth , Wendoloski Jonathan , Wang Anna
Published: May 2022

Analyzing images taken through scattering media is challenging, owing to speckle decorrelations from perturbations in the media. For in-line imaging modalities, which are appealing because they are compact, require no moving parts, and are robust, negating the effects of such scattering becomes particularly challenging. Here we explore the use of conditional generative adversarial networks (cGANs) to mitigate the effects of the additional scatterers in in-line geometries, including digital holographic microscopy. Using light scattering simulations and experiments on objects of interest with and without additional scatterers, we find that cGANs can be quickly trained with minuscule datasets and can also efficiently learn the one-to-one statistical mapping between the cross-domain input-output image pairs. Importantly, the output images are faithful enough to enable quantitative feature extraction. We also show that with rapid training using only 20 image pairs, it is possible to negate this undesired scattering to accurately localize diffraction-limited impulses with high spatial accuracy, therefore transforming a shift variant system to a linear shift invariant (LSI) system.
Phase mismatch induced suppression of eigenmode resonance in terahertz metasurfaces
Authors: Yin Shan , Zeng Dehui , Zhang Mingkun , Shi Xintong , Lang Yuanhao , Huang Wei , Zhang Wentao , Han Jiaguang
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we observe the distinguishable modulation of the different eigenmodes by lattice mode in terahertz U-shaped metasurfaces, and a remarkable lattice induced suppression of the high order eigenmode resonance is demonstrated. With the quantitative analysis of Q factor and loss of the resonances, we clarify that the peculiar phenomenon of suppression is originated from the phase mismatch of the metasurfaces via introducing the phase difference between the neighboring structures. These results provide new insights into the phase mismatch mediated transmission amplitude of eigenmode resonance in metasurfaces and open a new path to developing terahertz multifunctional devices.
GaN-based parallel micro-light-emitting diode arrays with dual-wavelength InxGa1-xN/GaN MQWs for visible light communication
Authors: Zhao Jie , Yin Yu , He Rui , Chen Renfeng , Zhang Siyao , Long Hao , Wang Junxi , Wei Tongbo
Published: May 2022

The dual-wavelength InxGa1-xN/GaN micro light emitting diode (Micro-LED) arrays are fabricated by flip-chip parallel connection. It is noted that the Micro-LED arrays with smaller diameter present considerably bigger light output power density (LOPD). For all Micro-LEDs, the LOPD increases continuously with increasing injection current density until it “turns over”. It also can be observed that the maximum value of LOPD is determined by the blue quantum well (QW) for the broad area LED. In comparison, the green peak intensity dominates the change of LOPD in the Micro-LEDs. In addition, the enhancement of the green peak intensity value for the Micro-LEDs are considered as a consequence of the combined effects of the reduction in the quantum-confined Stark effect (QCSE) and the crowding effect, high LEE as well as geometric shape. Moreover, -3dB modulation bandwidths of the four different kinds of Micro-LEDs increase with the decrease of the device diameter in the same injected current density, higher than that of the broad area LED. The -3dB modulation bandwidth of the 60 µm Micro-LED shows 1.4 times enhancement compared to that of the broad area LED under the current density of 300 mA/cm2. Evidently, the dual-wavelength InxGa1-xN/GaN Micro-LEDs have great potential in both solid-state lighting (SSL) and the visible light communication (VLC) in the future fabrication.
Fast and stable Fourier ptychographic microscopy based on improved phase recovery strategy
Authors: Luo Jiaxiong , Tan Haishu , Chen Hanbao , Zhu Sicong , Li Jiancong , Wu Ruofei , Wu Yanxiong
Published: May 2022

Fourier ptychographic microscopy (FPM) imaging is a computational imaging technology that can reconstruct wide-field high-resolution (HR) images. It uses a series of low-resolution images captured by a camera under different illumination angles. The images are stitched in the Fourier domain to expand their spectral range. Under high-angle illumination, a dark-field image is noisy with a low signal-to-noise ratio, which significantly reduces the reconstruction quality of FPM. Conventional reconstruction algorithms often have low FPM imaging performance and efficiency due to optimization strategies. In response to these problems, this paper proposes an FPM imaging method based on an improved phase recovery strategy to optimize the alternating iterative algorithm. The technique uses an improved threshold method to reduce noise in the image preprocessing stage to maximize the retention of high-frequency sample information. Moreover, an adaptive control factor is added in the subsequent iterative update process to balance the sample spectrum function. This study verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method on both simulation and experimental images. The results show that the proposed method can effectively suppress image background noise and has a faster convergence speed and higher robustness. In addition, it can be used to reconstruct HR complex amplitude images of objects under wide field-of-view conditions.
Generation of high performance optical chirped pulse for distributed strain sensing application with high strain accuracy and larger measurement range
Authors: Wang Yuan , Tovar Pedro , Chen Liang , Bao Xiaoyi
Published: May 2022

A photonic approach for generating low frequency drifting noise, arbitrary and large frequency chirping rate (FCR) optical pulses based on the Kerr effect in the nonlinear optical fiber is theoretically analyzed and experimentally demonstrated. Due to the Kerr effect-induced sinusoidal phase modulation in the nonlinear fiber, high order Kerr pulse with a large chirping rate is generated. In the concept-proof experiments, the FCR of the mth Kerr pulse has been significantly improved by a factor of 2m+1. In addition, dynamic strain measurement along with a random fiber grating array (RFGA) sensor by using different order Kerr pulse is carried out for demonstrating a large strain measurement range with lower uncertainty sensing capability. Benefiting from the use of a single laser source and large FCR Kerr pulse, the system exhibits a 3.9 µɛ static strain measurable range, 0.24 µɛ measurement uncertainty by using −4th order Kerr pulse that has an FCR up to 0.8 GHz/ns. Note that the FCR of the chirped pulse could be further enhanced by using larger FCR chirped pulse seed or choosing higher order Kerr pulses.
Highly-sensitive sensor based on toroidal dipole governed by bound state in the continuum in dielectric non-coaxial core-shell cylinder
Authors: Huo Yanyan , Zhang Xin , Yan Meng , Sun Ke , Jiang Shouzhen , Ning Tingyin , Zhao Lina
Published: May 2022

The electromagnetic fields distributed on the surface region of the nanostructure is very important to improve the performance of the sensor. Here, we proposed a highly sensitive sensor based on toroidal dipole (TD) governed by bound state in the continuum (BIC) in all-dielectric metasurface consisting of single non-coaxial core-shell cylinder nanostructure array. The excitation of TD resonance in a single nanostructure is still challenging. The designed nanostructure not only supports TD resonance in a single nanostructure but also has very high Q-factor. More importantly, its electric field distributes at the surface of outer cylinder-shell, which is very suitable for biosensing. To evaluate the sensing performance of our proposed structure, we investigated the sensitivity and the figure of merit (FOM) of nanostructure with different structural parameters. Maximum sensitivity and FOM can reach up to 342 nm/RIU and 1295 when the asymmetric parameter d =10 nm. These results are of great significance to the research of TD resonance and the development of ultrasensitive sensor.
Broadband high-gain Yb: YAG crystal-derived silica fiber for low noise tunable single-frequency fiber laser
Authors: Wan Ying , Wen Jianxiang , Jiang Chen , Tang Fengzai , Yusufu Taximaiti , Pang Fufei , Sidike Aierken , Wang Tingyun
Published: May 2022

An over 75 nm broadband spectrum with a gain per unit length of >2 dB/cm was obtained from a homemade Yb: YAG crystal-derived silica fiber (YCDSF) with Yb-doping concertation of 6.57 wt.%. Using a 13-cm-long YCDSF, a low-noise wavelength-tunable single-frequency fiber laser has been constructed, enabling a single longitudinal mode oscillation from 1009 to 1070 nm. In particular, in the 1023-1056 nm waveband, the laser operating at any wavelength exhibited a maximum output power over 37 mW with power fluctuations below 0.38%, a slope efficiency >8%, and an optical signal-to-noise ratio higher than 60 dB. A linewidth of less than 2.8 kHz was also observed at the maximum pump powers, and relative intensity noise was as low as -155 dB/Hz at frequencies above 1.0 MHz. These results indicate that the YCDSFs with broadband high-gain characteristics are promising for wavelength-tunable fiber lasers in applications such as optical coherence tomography, precision metrology, nonlinear frequency conversion, and so on.
Dual optical frequency combs with ultra-low relative phase jitters from 550 nm to 1020 nm for precision spectroscopy
Authors: Chae Eunmi , Nakashima Kota , Yoshioka Kosuke
Published: May 2022

Here, ultra-low relative phase jitters over a wide optical spectrum were achieved for dual Ti:Sapphire optical frequency combs. The two optical frequency combs were independently phase-locked to a Sr optical lattice clock laser delivered through a commercial optical fiber network. We confirmed that the relative phase jitters between the two combs integrated from 8.3 mHz to 200 kHz were below 1 rad, corresponding to a relative linewidth of below 8.3 mHz, over the entire wavelength of the optical frequency combs ranging from 550 nm to 1020 nm. Our work paves the way for ultrahigh-precision dual-comb spectroscopy covering a wide optical spectral range with a simple setup, and provides an absolute optical frequency reference with great stability over a wide range of wavelengths.
Method of high-precision spatial distance measurement based on optical-carried microwave interference
Authors: Hou Yibing , Kang Jiehu , Yue Jiantao , Li Hongtong , Xue Ting , Wu Bin
Published: May 2022

High-precision spatial ranging plays a significant role in both scientific research and industrial practice. However, it is difficult for existing equipment to achieve high speed, high precision, and long distance simultaneously. Inspired by the concept of optical carrier-based microwave interferometry (OCMI), this paper reports a method of high-precision spatial distance measurement. A microwave-modulated broadband optical signal is sent to the interferometer whose measuring arm is an optical echo receiving system in free space. By scanning the microwave frequency, the measured distance can be resolved from the interferogram. Since the processing of the interference spectrum is performed in the microwave domain, this method is insensitive to the types of optical waveguides and states of optical polarizations. The experimental results show that the root mean square error (RMSE) of ten repeated measurements at 0.5 m is 0.016 µm, the RMSE is 0.023 µm within a 1 m distance, which can effectively represent the length measuring capability of the proposed system.