bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stabilization of Multicationic Redox Chemistry in Polyanionic Cathode by Increasing Entropy
Authors: Li Huangxu , Xu Ming , Long Huiwu , Zheng Jingqiang , Zhang Liuyun , Li Shihao , Guan Chaohong , Lai Yanqing , Zhang Zhian
Published: July 2022

Polyanionic compounds have large compositional flexibility, which creates a growing interest in exploring the property limits of electrode materials of rechargeable batteries. The realization of multisodium storage in the polyanionic electrodes can significantly improve capacity of the materials, but it often causes irreversible capacity loss and crystal phase evolution, especially under high‐voltage operation, which remain important challenges for their application. Herein, it is shown that the multisodium storage in the polyanionic cathode can be enhanced and stabilized by increasing the entropy of the polyanionic host structure. The obtained polyanionic Na3.4Fe0.4Mn0.4V0.4Cr0.4Ti0.4(PO4)3 cathode exhibits multicationic redox property to achieve high capacity with good reversibility under the high voltage of 4.5 V (vs Na/Na+). Exploring the underlying mechanism through operando characterizations, a stable trigonal phase with reduced volume change during the multisodium storage process is disclosed. Besides, the enhanced performance of the HE material also derives from the synergistic effect of the diverse TM species with suitable molarity. These results reveal the effectiveness of high‐entropy concept in expediting high‐performance polyanionic cathodes discovery.
Oxide/Halide/Oxide Architecture for High Performance Semi‐Transparent Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Jeong Min Ju , Lee Jun Hyeok , You Chang Hyuk , Kim So Yeon , Lee Seungmin , Noh Jun Hong
Published: July 2022

A device architecture with n‐type oxide/perovskite halide/p‐type oxide for the sputtering damage‐free semi‐transparent perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is reported. A p‐type nickel oxide (NiOx) nanoparticle overlayer on a perovskite layer is introduced to act as both a hole transporting layer and buffer layer to avoid sputtering damage during deposition of transparent conducting oxide. The NiOx based semi‐transparent PSCs exhibit superior durability under harsh sputtering conditions such as high temperature and sputtering power, enabling the high quality of transparent electrodes. With optimal sputtering condition for tin‐doped indium oxide (ITO) as a top transparent electrode, the semi‐transparent device shows an enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.5% (20.5% with a back reflector), which is higher than that of the opaque device (19.2%). The semi‐transparent devices also shows superior storage stability without encapsulation under 10% relative humidity, retaining over 90% of initial PCE for 1000 h. By controlling the molar concentration of perovskite solution, a semi‐transparent PSC with a PCE of 12.8%, showing a high average visible transmittance (AVT) of 30.3%, is fabricated. The authors believe that this architecture with n‐type oxide/perovskite halide/p‐type oxide represents a cornerstone for the high performance and commercialization of semi‐transparent PSCs.
Evaluation of the impact of the 2021 revised Neurofibromatosis type 1 diagnostic criteria on time to diagnosis
Authors: Ho Wesley Y. , Farrelly Ellyn , Stevenson David A.
Published: July 2022

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) has historically been diagnosed clinically based on the NIH Consensus Conference diagnostic criteria. The molecular and clinical knowledge of NF1 has subsequently improved, and an international group of experts published revised diagnostic criteria in 2021, incorporating new diagnostic criteria such as pathogenic variants in NF1. This study aimed to investigate the impact of these new diagnostic criteria on time to diagnosis (TTD) of NF1. A retrospective chart review of individuals evaluated for a diagnosis of NF1 at the Medical Genetics Clinic at Stanford Children's Health was performed. The TTD was determined by calculating the days between their first visit with a medical geneticist for NF1 and the date they would have received a diagnosis based on the previous NF1 diagnostic criteria and the 2021 updated diagnostic criteria. The revised diagnostic criteria for NF1 decreased TTD. The mean difference in TTD was 113 days shorter for the new criteria (p‐value = 1.306x−05). This study highlights that the revised 2021 NF1 diagnostic criteria can decrease the TTD. The addition of a heterozygous pathogenic variant in NF1 as a criterion was the change that decreased TTD.
Acid‐Catalyzed Regioselective Synthesis of α‐Diarylmethyl Substituted Phenols and para‐Quinone Methides in Water
Authors: Xiong Biquan , Shang Wenli , Xu Weifeng , Liu Yu , Tang Ke‐Wen , Wong Wai‐Yeung
Published: July 2022

A facile and efficient method for the synthesis of α‐diarylmethyl substituted phenols from para‐quinone methides (p‐QMs) with phenols has been developed by using phosphoric acid as the catalyst and water as the green solvent under mild conditions. In addition, when TEMPO was added as an additive for the reaction, the diaryl‐substituted para‐quinone methides could be generated as the target product. The reactions show high functional group tolerance, good to excellent yields and unique selectivity, and a broad range of α‐diarylmethyl motif containing phenol(s) and quinones could be prepared through the divergent methods. Furthermore, a series of control experiments were performed to gain the insights of the plausible mechanisms. These protocols have a high atomic economy, and may have significant implications for the construction of C(sp3)−C(sp2) bonds in organic synthesis.
Correlation between hepatorenal index and attenuation imaging for assessing hepatic steatosis
Authors: Srigandan Shrivuthsun , Zelesco Marilyn , Abbott Steven , Welman Christopher J
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Hepatic steatosis screening is required to assess high‐risk populations, identify those for intervention, monitor response and prevent disease progression and complications. Liver biopsy and magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction are current gold standards, but are limited by biopsy risk factors, patient tolerance and cost. Non‐invasive, cost‐effective, semi‐quantitative and quantitative ultrasound assessment exists. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between the semi‐quantitative hepatorenal index (HRI) to assess hepatic steatosis using the quantitative attenuation imaging (ATI) as a reference standard, in adults with varied suspected liver pathologies.

Methods

Data were collected prospectively between April 2019 and March 2020 at a tertiary institution on any patient >18 years referred to US assessment of suspected liver pathology. The only exclusion criteria were absent or invalid HRI or ATI measurements. Three hundred fifty eight patients were included.

Results

There was a significant weak positive correlation between HRI and ATI (r = 0.351, P < 0.001) and between HRI steatosis grade (SG) and ATI SG (r = 0.329, P < 0.001), using previously established cut‐off values. With ATI as the reference standard, there was no significant correlation between HRI and hepatic steatosis within steatosis grades, nor for no (SG = 0) or any (SG > 0) hepatic steatosis.

Conclusions

Our study in a typical heterogeneous clinical population suggests the semi‐quantitative HRI is of limited use in hepatic steatosis imaging. As HRI is the objective measure of the subjective brightness (B)‐mode assessment, this imaging feature may not be as reliable as previously thought. Quantitative ATI may be the preferred non‐invasive technique for hepatic steatosis assessment.
Elevated blood pressure is associated with advanced brain aging in mid‐life: A 30‐year follow‐up of The CARDIA Study
Authors: Dintica Christina S. , Habes Mohamad , Erus Guray , Vittinghoff Eric , Davatzikos Christos , Nasrallah Ilya M. , Launer Lenore J. , Sidney Stephen , Yaffe Kristine
Published: July 2022

Background

High blood pressure (BP) is a risk factor for late‐life brain health; however, the association of elevated BP with brain health in mid‐life is unclear.

Methods

We identified 661 participants from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study (age 18–30 at baseline) with 30 years of follow‐up and brain magnetic resonance imaging at year 30. Cumulative exposure of BP was estimated by time‐weighted averages (TWA). Ideal cardiovascular health was defined as systolic BP < 120 mm Hg, diastolic BP < 80 mm Hg. Brain age was calculated using previously validated high dimensional machine learning pattern analyses.

Results

Every 5 mmHg increment in TWA systolic BP was associated with approximately 1‐year greater brain age (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.50–1.36) Participants with TWA systolic or diastolic BP over the recommended guidelines for ideal cardiovascular health, had on average 3‐year greater brain age (95% CI: 1.00–4.67; 95% CI: 1.45–5.13, respectively).

Conclusion

Elevated BP from early to mid adulthood, even below clinical cut‐offs, is associated with advanced brain aging in mid‐life.
Oxidative Elimination and Reductive Addition of Thiol‐Terminated Polymer Ligands to Metal Nanoparticles
Authors: Kang Jing , Wang Yu‐Xi , Peng Fei , Zhang Ning‐Ning , Xue Yao , Yang Yang , Kumacheva Eugenia , Liu Kun
Published: July 2022

Metal nanoparticles (NPs) stabilized with thiol‐ (HS‐) terminated polymers have applications in medicine, optoelectronics, and catalysis. It is assumed that upon exposure to oxidants or even air, these NPs lose colloidal stability, due to the oxidation of the HS‐end‐group and elimination of polymer ligands from the NP surface, however, this mechanism does not explain the unsuccessful recovery of the NP stability by adding fresh HS‐terminated polymers. Here we propose the oxidation of the surface metal atoms as a mechanism for the oxidative elimination of polymer from the NP surface. Based on this mechanism, we reversed NP aggregation by reducing the oxidized metal surface and re‐attaching HS‐terminated polymer ligands. This mechanism is general for various metal NPs and different HS‐terminated polymers. We show that oxidative elimination and reductive addition reactions can improve the colloidal stability of polymer‐capped metal NPs and control their redox stimuli‐responsive self‐assembly.
Absorption characteristics of ilexgenin A and ilexsaponin B1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells after administration of the total triterpenoid saponins from Ilex pubescens
Authors: Qiu Jingwen , Shang Xueying , Chen Bingying , Bai Rongyu , Wu Yurong , Wang Ying , Wan Xin , Zhou Yuan , Zhu Chenchen , Zhang Ren , Zhang Juan , Zhao Zhongxiang , Zhang Lei
Published: July 2022

Ilex pubescens is a famous Chinese herbal medicine, frequently used to treat cardiovascular disease in South China. In this study, we aim to explore the absorption properties of ilexgenin A (C1) and ilexsaponin B1 (C3) in vascular endothelial cells after administration of the total triterpenoid saponins from Ilex pubescens (IPTS) and clarify the possible transport mechanisms. A UPLC–qTOF–MS/MS system was used to identify the components in IPTS that could be intracellularly transported by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Afterwards, a rapid, highly selective and sensitive method was established to simultaneously quantify the concentration of C1 and C3 in HUVECs after administration of IPTS. The results demonstrate that pretreatment with IPTS could promote the survival of HUVECs and reduce the damage caused by TNF‐α to HUVECs. Among the main 11 components in IPTS, eight components could be absorbed by HUVECs, including seven triterpenoids and one phenolic acid. The uptake of C1 and C3 by HUVECs occurred in a time‐, temperature‐ and concentration‐dependent manner, indicating the participation of passive diffusion and active transportation mechanisms. The two triterpenoid saponins all exhibited rapid absorption and a bimodal phenomenon in their concentration–time profiles, and equilibrium could be achieved after 6 h. Furthermore, C1 and C3 intracellular transportation was regulated by serum proteins, sodium‐dependent glucose transporter 1 and P‐glycoprotein. The current research for the first time demonstrates the in vitro pharmacokinetics characteristics of C1 and C3 in HUVECs lines, which could supply a new way of understanding the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
Inhibition of imrecoxib on mRNA and protein expression of CYP2C11 enzyme in rats
Authors: Wu Xikun , An Qi , Dong Jie , Wang Kexin , Jin Yiran , Liu Xiujv , Zhang Zhiqing
Published: July 2022

To evaluate the effect of imrecoxib on CYP2C11 enzyme activity, mRNA, and protein expression, a UPLC method was established. Tolbutamide was selected as the CYP2C11 enzyme‐specific probe drug and incubated with imrecoxib in rat liver microsomes. The yield of 4‐hydroxytolbutamide was measured using UPLC to investigate the effect of imrecoxib on CYP2C11 enzyme activity. Imrecoxib (10 mg/kg) was administered intragastrically twice daily. After 1, 7, and 14 days of administration, the liver tissues were analyzed. The expression of CYP2C11 enzyme mRNA was determined using reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction, and its protein expression was determined using Western blot analysis. Imrecoxib concentration was inversely proportional to the production of 4‐hydroxytolbutamide in liver microsomes. Imrecoxib demonstrated a dose‐dependent inhibitory effect on CYP2C11 activity with IC50 = 74.77 μM. After administration, reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction showed CYP2C11 enzyme mRNA expressions were 65% (P < 0.05), 35%, and 34% of the control group, respectively (P < 0.01). Western blot analysis showed CYP2C11 enzyme protein expressions were 80, 37, and 34% of the control group, respectively (P < 0.01). Imrecoxib can reduce mRNA and protein expression of CYP2C11 enzyme in rat liver and inhibit the activity of CYP2C11 enzyme in a dose‐dependent manner. However, it does not produce clinically significant drug interactions.
BRD9 is an essential regulator of glycolysis that creates an epigenetic vulnerability in colon adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhu Qunshan , Gu Xiang , Wei Wei , Wu Zheng , Gong Fengqin , Dong Xiaoqiang
Published: July 2022

Background

The intensive interplay between aberrant epigenetic events and metabolic remodeling represents one of the hallmarks of tumors, including colon cancer. The functions of Bromodomain Containing Protein BRD‐9 in colon cancer remains indefinite. We aimed to identify the biological roles and clinical significance of BRD9 in colon cancer.

Methods

The univariate‐ and multi‐variate Cox regression models were used to screen risk epigenetic regulators. Kaplan–Meier analysis and Pearson correlation analysis were used to assess clinical significance of BRD9. CCK‐8 assays, colony formation assay, Transwell, and soft‐agar assay were performed to determine the in vitro roles of BRD9. The oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) of colon cancer cells were evaluated by a Seahorse XF Extracellular Flux Analyzer. In vivo models and RT‐qPCR, western blotting, and Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay were conducted to explore the functional roles of BRD9 in COAD.

Results

In the study, we detected the expressions of 662 epigenetic regulators in COAD and identified a series of 42 hazard epigenetic factors with p < 0.05. Low‐throughput MTT assays highlighted that BRD9 is an essential target, and targeting BRD9 could reduce significant decreases of cell growth. BRD9 overexpression could notably elevate proliferation and migration potentialities, whereas, BRD9 ablation abolished these effects. Mechanistically, functional enrichment analysis indicated the potential associations between BRD9 and glycolysis metabolism. In addition, BRD9 epigenetically coordinates the H3K27ac modifications on the promoter regions of ENO2 and ALDOC, inducing enhanced glycolysis activity. Lastly, I‐BRD9 could significantly suppress the growth of colon cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.

Conclusions

Together, our study revealed previously unidentified roles of BRD9 in colon cancer metabolism and tumor progression, indicating that BRD9 could be a valuable therapeutic target for COAD patients.
The risk of self‐harm and suicide attempts in maltreated and poly‐victimised adolescents from Lithuanian vocational schools
Authors: Šalčiūnaitė‐Nikonovė Laura , Šmigelskas Kastytis , Žemaitaitytė Monika , Sukovienė Greta , Šiaulienė Ieva , Vaišvilė Agnė , Žemaitienė Nida
Published: July 2022

Background

Worldwide statistics highlight that many adolescents suffer from various types of maltreatment, which often tend to co‐occur in the form of poly‐victimisation. The experience of maltreatment at a young age causes physical and mental health problems, and can also lead to self‐harm and suicide.

The aim

To explore the possible impact of maltreatment and poly‐victimisation on adolescent self‐harm and suicide attempts.

Participants and settings

In total, 1898 students (15–18 years old) from Lithuanian vocational schools completed the survey (65.5% male).

Method

The impact of maltreatment and poly‐victimisation on self‐harm and suicide attempts was tested using multivariable binary logistic regressions.

Results

Different maltreatment types were significantly associated to self‐harm (odds ratio from 2.47 to 3.80, p < 0.001) and suicide attempts (odds ratio from 3.15 to 7.58, p < 0.001). The odds ratios for self‐harm and suicide attempt increased as the number of different types of maltreatment experienced increased. A history of experiencing four types of poly‐victimisation increased adolescent risk for self‐harm (OR = 18.57, p < 0.001, 95% CI: 5.77–59.72) and suicide attempts (OR = 45.54, p < 0.001, 95% CI: 14.37–144.28) the most.

Conclusion

Adolescents with experience of maltreatment, particularly if poly‐victimised, are at greater risk of engaging in self‐harming and suicidal behaviours.
Adverse childhood experiences are important but not the only risk to child development: Revisiting a full risk/resilience matrix
Authors: Sutton Carole
Published: July 2022

Much research has sought to distinguish key interacting factors affecting children as they develop which influence later outcomes. Some factors, notably adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), pose serious risks for later health or mental health problems for the children or predispose them for involvement in offending behaviours. However, other experiences, alongside ACEs, also pose risks and yet others offer protection. A matrix showing interacting influences from the mother's pregnancy onwards was published earlier; a revised matrix has been developed, showing a fresh picture of cumulative risk and protective factors.
Doping Sr and Introducing Oxygen Vacancies in Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3‐X Synergistically Promote the Pyro‐Photo‐Electric Catalysis Performance
Authors: Liu Zhifeng , Qiao Zhenxiang , Guo Zhengang , Ruan Mengnan , Yan Weiguo
Published: July 2022

The low utilization of light and the severe recombination of charge carriers have always restricted the development of photoelectric catalysis. In this work, the photoelectric catalytic performance is tuned by doping Sr in BaTiO3 pyroelectric material and simultaneously introducing oxygen vacancies to form double‐type defects, combined with pyroelectric polarization. Under the light and 20–50 °C cold‐heat cycle, the current density of Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3‐X reaches the maximum of 0.92 mA ⋅ cm−2, which is higher than the current density of Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3‐X under only light (0.69 mA ⋅ cm−2). Under light alone, the current density of Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3‐X is higher than that of BaTiO3 (0.19 mA ⋅ cm−2) and Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3 (0.44 mA ⋅ cm−2). This is because the incorporation of Sr can introduce the Fermi level, improve the utilization rate of solar energy, and improve the pyroelectric polarization effect with volume shrinkage, and promote the separation and transfer of carriers. Oxygen vacancies can be used as reactive centers for excited electrons to suppress the recombination of excited electron‐hole pairs. Furthermore, the generation of photogenerated and pyrogenerated carriers increases the overall carrier concentration. This provides ideas for the modification of traditional photoelectrodes for photoelectric catalysis water splitting.
Biohybrid Organic Heterostructure Based on Chlorophyll‐Bacteriochlorophyll Aggregates for Ecofriendly Hydrogen Production
Authors: Li Yuanlin , Zheng Tianfang , Liu Yanxiang , Levchenko Georgiy G. , Han Wei , Pashchenko Aleksey V. , Sasaki Shin‐ichi , Tamiaki Hitoshi , Wang Xiao‐Feng
Published: July 2022

Hydrogen energy is an abundant, clean, sustainable and environmentally friendly renewable energy source. Therefore, the production of hydrogen by photocatalytically splitting water on semiconductors has been considered in recent years as a promising and sustainable strategy for converting solar energy into chemical energy to replace conventional energy sources and to solve the growing problem of environmental pollution and the global energy crisis. However, highly efficient solar‐driven photocatalytic hydrogen production remains a huge challenge due to the poor visible light response of available photocatalytic materials and the low efficiency of separation and transfer of photogenerated electron‐hole pairs. In the present work, organic heterojunction structures based on bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) and chlorophyll (Chl) molecules were introduced and used for solar‐driven photocatalytic hydrogen production from water under visible light. Also, noble metal‐free photocatalyst was successfully constructed on Ti3C2Tx nanosheets by simple successive deposition of Chl and BChl, which was used for the photocatalytic splitting water to hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The results show that the optimal BChl@Chl@Ti3C2Tx composite has a high HER performance with 114 μmol/h/gcat, which is much higher than the BChl@Ti3C2Tx and Chl@Ti3C2Tx composites.
Sentinel 2 analysis of turbidity retrieval models in inland water bodies: The case study of Jordanian dams
Authors: Hussein Nidal M. , Assaf Mohammed N. , Abohussein Sohib S.
Published: July 2022

This study investigates the potential of using Sentinel 2 multispectral satellite images to develop turbidity retrieval models and further estimate the turbidity values of inland water bodies in Jordan. Traditionally, laboratory analysis has been used to assess surface water quality, which is expensive, time‐consuming, and requires accessing the field physically. In contrast, remote sensing technologies can detect the water contaminant level at a consistent spatial and temporal coverage. Turbidity is an essential indicator of inland water quality as it directly reflects under‐water light penetration. This study was held in three Jordanian dams, King Talal Dam, Mujib Dam, and Wadi Al Arab Dam, which vary in their water quality level. Twenty water samples were collected from each dam. Forty samples were used to calibrate the models, and the rest samples were used to validate the predictive models. The results show that Sentinel 2 near‐infrared band to green band (B8/B3) achieved high fitting accuracies with R2 = 0.832 and root mean square error (RMSE) = 1.123 NTU. Overall, this study has demonstrated the ability of Sentinel 2 data to estimate the turbidity in different ranges of inland water bodies’ quality and indicates that remote sensing can be used as an efficient tool for monitoring inland water quality. This study presents empirical data that could act as a platform to extend future work to cover more sites and contexts.
Performance evaluation of different macrophytes in small‐scale vertical flow constructed wetlands for greywater treatment using principal component analysis
Authors: Nema Anudeep , Prasad Rajnikant , Sharma Dayanand , Yadav Kunwar D. , Christian Robin A. , Ibrahim Hussameldin
Published: July 2022

The scarcity of water is perceived as a systematic global risk due to increasing water demand. Vertical flow constructed wetland (VFCW) is proposed as an energetically efficient and economical process to treat greywater (GW) for non‐potable purposes. Macrophyte contributes a significant amount to the treatment process, and it depends on species, and their ecology. In this study, four single‐stage VFCW systems were planted with locally available plant species named Hymenocallis littoralis as Plant 1, Phragmites australis as Plant 2, Canna indica Plant as 3, and Colocasia as Plant 4, which were used for the treatment of GW. The mean removal efficiencies associated with Plant 1, Plant 2, Plant 3, and Plant 4 are 55.13%, 48.11%, 52.53%, and 56.39% for chemical oxygen demand (COD); 45.35%, 35.36%, 64.10%, and 56.39% for ammonia; and 32.97%, 20.85%, 71.57%, and 33.40% for phosphate, respectively. All systems show significant removal efficiency (more than 40%) of all pollutants, except TDS and pH. Among all the observed plants, C. indica achieved the highest removal efficiency for COD, ammonia, and phosphate. The obtained results were analyzed for the dependency of correlations with effluent, influent, and macrophytes used in the treatment system. The principal component analysis (PCA) identified two principal components from 13 variables and explained 50.25%, 47.47%, and 45.62% variance of normalized datasets in VFCW. The PCA also shows significant correlations of plant species with different targeted effluent parameters.
Cognitive behavioral therapy delivered via digital mobile application for the treatment of type 2 diabetes: Rationale, design, and baseline characteristics of a randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Canonico Mario Enrico , Hsia Judith , Guthrie Nicole L. , Simmons Martha , Mehta Prapti , Lupinacci Paul , Edwards Kate , Mosesso Kara , Gearhart Michelle , Skuban Aleksandar , Bonaca Marc P. , Berman Mark A.
Published: July 2022

Background

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) continues to rise in the United States and worldwide. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has been shown to improve glycemic control in patients with T2D, but broad implementation has been limited by inherent access and resource constraints. Digital therapeutics have the potential to overcome these obstacles.

Hypothesis

To describe the rationale and design of a trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of a digital therapeutic providing CBT to improve glycemic control in adults with T2D.

Methods

This randomized, controlled, multicenter, Phase 3 trial evaluates the hypothesis that BT‐001, an investigational digital therapeutic intended to help patients with T2D improve their glycemic control, on top of standard of care therapy, will lower hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) compared to a control app across a broad range of patients in a real‐world setting. The study is designed to provide evidence to support FDA review of this device as a digital therapeutic. The intervention is provided within the digital application (app) and includes no person‐to‐person coaching. The primary endpoint is the difference in HbA1c change from baseline to 90 days for BT‐001‐allocated subjects compared with those assigned to the control app. Safety assessment includes adverse events and adverse device effects. The study incorporates pragmatic features including entirely remote conduct with at‐home visits for physical measures and blood sample collection.

Conclusions

This randomized, controlled trial evaluates a cognitive behavioral intervention delivered via smartphone app which has the potential to provide a scalable treatment option for patients with T2D.
New insights into the regulation of TGF‐β/Smad and MPK signaling pathway gene expressions by nasal allergen and methacholine challenge test in asthma
Authors: Panek Michał Gabriel , Karbownik Michał Seweryn , Górski Karol Maksymilian , Koćwin Marcelina , Kardas Grzegorz , Marynowski Mateusz , Kuna Piotr
Published: July 2022

Background

Asthma is a heterogeneous chronic inflammatory disease of the bronchi, the course of which is significantly influenced by extrinsic factors (specific and non‐specific).

Methods

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of these factors represented by nasal allergen challenge (specific factors) and methacholine challenge test (non‐specific) on changes in mRNA expression of genes encoding the TGF‐β (TGF‐β1 and TGF‐β3)‒Smad (mitogen‐activated protein kinase 1/3 [MPK1/3], Smad1/3/6/7) signaling pathway in asthmatic patients.

Results

Seventy‐five subjects were included in the study, of whom 27 were applied an intranasal allergen provocation and 48 a methacholine provocation. There were 9 men and 18 women in the intranasal provocation group, and 17 men and 31 women in the methacholine test group. We found that both examined the types of challenges contributed to changes in the relative expression of genes of the TGF‐β (TGF‐β1 and TGF‐β3)‒Smad (MPK1/3, Smad1/3/6/7) signaling pathway in asthmatic patients. A decrease was noted for MAPK1, MAPK3, Smad3, Smad6, and Smad7 genes and an increase of up to 2.5 times for TGF‐β1 gene.

Conclusions

Our experiment allows us to conclude that the change in the mRNA expression of the TGF‐β1–MPK1/3 and Smad3/6/7 genes occurs after an intranasal allergen and bronchial methacholine challenge.
Effects of different bypass surgeries on LSA revascularization in patients with left subclavian occlusion
Authors: Li Da , Zeng Xiangguo , Wang Jiarong , Yuan Ding , Zheng Tinghui
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Left subclavian artery (LSA) bypass surgery is mainly carried out for patients with severe left subclavian occlusion. This article aimed to evaluate the hemodynamic effects of different surgical bypass modes on LSA revascularization.

Methods

Three‐dimensional models of the aorta were reconstructed from CTA images of a patient with LSA occlusion, a patient with type B aortic dissection with LSA coverage during thoracic endovascular aortic repair, and a healthy 74‐year‐old man, resulting in six modes for each person: healthy LSA mode, LSA occlusion mode and four bypass modes. Hemodynamic parameters, including flow field, flow distribution, pressure gradient, and wall shear stress, were calculated using computational fluid dynamics.

Results

After LSA bypass surgery, distal LSA blood flow resulting from left common carotid artery (LCCA) to distal LSA bypass was 100% of that in the healthy mode, while the other modes yielded flows at least 91%. Moreover, reversed flow only completely disappeared with LCCA to distal LSA bypass, whereas reverse flow was observed in the other three modes in early systole.

Conclusion

Left common carotid artery to distal LSA bypass can effectively reduce reverse blood flow in the left vertebral artery, and it is a feasible, effective, and safe option for LSA revascularization in patients with left subclavian occlusion.
Characteristics of breast cancer patients tested for germline BRCA1/2 mutations by next‐generation sequencing in Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University
Authors: Oranratnachai Songporn , Yamkaew Watchalawalee , Tunteeratum Atchara , Sukarayothin Thongchai , Iemwimangsa Nareenart , Panvichien Ravat
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Germline mutations in BRCA1/2 are the most common cause of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) syndrome. Few studies published during the past decade reported the prevalence of germline BRCA mutations in Asian patients with breast cancer. We aimed to assess the prevalence and characteristics of Thai patients with breast cancer with germline BRCA1/2 mutations.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed all breast cancer patients who were tested for germline BRCA1/2 mutations during 2014–2018. BRCA mutations were detected using next‐generation sequencing and confirmed using Sanger sequencing. We analyzed the characteristics of patients with or without BRCA mutations. Disease‐free survival (DFS) and the associated factors were determined.

Results

Among 67 patients, 12 (18%) were BRCA1/2 carriers (6 each), 4 (6%) harbored variants of uncertain significance, and 51 (76%) were non‐carriers. We discovered two novel BRCA2 frameshift mutations (c.2380delA and c.8855dupT). Mean ages at breast cancer diagnosis of BRCA1, BRCA2, and non‐carriers were 39.8, 46.2, and 42.0 years, respectively. The 12 tumors of BRCA carriers were mainly the luminal‐B subtype. Two of these tumors were HER2‐positive luminal‐B, and the triple‐negative subtype was not detected. After adjusting for stages and luminal subtypes, BRCA carriers experienced worse 3‐year DFS than non‐carriers (81.5% vs. 90.3%, HR 2.04 [0.64–6.49], p = .229). The stage at diagnosis was the sole factor significantly associated with 3‐year DFS (100%, 84.8%, and 72.7%; stages I, II, and III, respectively).

Conclusion

Thai patients with breast cancer with BRCA1/2 mutations were mainly the luminal‐B subtypes with worse prognosis than those without mutations.
Adaptive façade for building energy efficiency improvement by arithmetical optimization algorithm
Authors: Shi Leyan , Pouramini Somayeh
Published: July 2022

To improve the energy efficiency in buildings, a computational optimization method is suggested in this article. The method is designed based on the structure of the adaptive façade. This type of façade system can adjust its visible and thermal transmissivity for actively changing weather conditions. The main concept of this system is the optimization process. This process integrates the DesignBuilder as the building energy simulation tool with an optimization method, called arithmetical optimization algorithm, through the MLE+ toolkit. It is notable that the proposed approach can be applied to different building types and is also not involved in any specific optimization tool. In this regard, two case studies, a typical single office room, and a medium office building are selected to show the capability of the presented approach to improve the energy effectiveness of the building. Based on the results, the energy consumption is decreased by 15.0%–29.1% for the first case study and 14.3%–22.4% for the second case compared to the static façades. The adaptive façades' potentiality is indicated by the important achievements in this study.
Environmental Chemistry of Radionuclides : Open Questions and Perspectives
Authors: Beccia Maria Rosa , Creff Gaëlle , Den Auwer Christophe , Di Giorgio Christophe , Jeanson Aurélie , Michel Hervé
Published: July 2022

Since the discovery of nuclear fission, atomic energy has become for mankind a source of energy, but it has also become a source of consternation. This Perspective presents and discusses the methodological evolution of the work performed in the radiochemistry laboratory that is part of the Institut de Chimie de Nice (France). Most studies in radioecology and environmental radiochemistry have intended to assess the impact and inventory of very low levels of radionuclides in specific environmental compartments. But chemical mechanisms at the molecular level remain a mystery because it is technically impossible (due to large dilution factors) to assess speciation in those systems. Ultra‐trace levels of contamination and heterogeneity often preclude the use of spectroscopic techniques and the determination of direct speciation data, thus forming the bottleneck of speciation studies. The work performed in the Nice radiochemistry laboratory underlines this effort to input speciation data (using spectroscopic techniques like X ray Absorption Spectroscopy) in environmental and radioecological metrics.
Design and implementations of high step‐up non‐isolated DC‐DC converters for electric vehicles application
Authors: Bharathidasan Mohan , Indragandhi Vairavasundaram
Published: July 2022

An effective hybrid energy system that connects with a fuel cell, solar, and battery system is described as a renewable energy (RE) source powered electric vehicle. The consequences of designing multi‐input DC‐DC converters for various sources are thoroughly studied. The fuel cell (FC) is utilized as the major source of energy, with photovoltaic (PV) livings utilized to recharge the battery, enhance efficiency, and diminish fuel consumption. By selecting a suitable coupled inductor turn ratio, the proposed structure efficiently enhances the rate of output voltage. A coupled inductor's created leakage inductance energy can be reclaimed, resulting in a reduction in the recommended converter's power losses. Variability in RE power production and load demand are both taken into account for maintaining the power balance. In addition, a power management technique is developed and implemented in a control technique. High gain, continuous input current, low voltage stress on switches, and extensive input and output operations are some of the interesting features of the proposed converter. The converter's results are also experimentally verified with the use of a programmable DC source.
An unusual case of carcinoma with mesonephric‐like features with a spindle cell component diagnosed on the Pap test of the uterine cervix: Cytomorphologic and immunophenotypic features and diagnostic pitfalls
Authors: Besharati Sepideh , Liu‐Jarin Xiaolin , Chen Xiaowei , Cimic Adela
Published: July 2022

Mesonephric‐like adenocarcinomas (MLA) are rare neoplasms arising in the cervix, endometrium, and ovary. In contrast to mesonephric carcinomas (MC), mesonephric‐like adenocarcinomas are not associated with mesonephric remnants. Both entities have a similar appearance with regards to varying histomorphology patterns, including glandular, tubular, spindled, solid, and papillary, and have a specific immunophenotype and molecular features. We present a case of a 54‐year‐old HPV‐negative woman with a Pap test that exhibits high‐grade malignancy. The cell block displayed malignant cells with positive stains for PAX8, GATA3, and TTF1 by immunohistochemistry. The diagnosis of adenocarcinoma with mesonephric like features was rendered. MLA can be challenging on the small specimens and often misinterpreted as other endometrial neoplasms. Furthermore, the accurate diagnosis carries a well‐described risk of aggressive clinical behavior.
Plant functional traits affect competitive vigor of pasture grasses during drought and following recovery
Authors: Chieppa Jeff , Power Sally A. , Nielsen Uffe N. , Tissue David T.
Published: July 2022

Grassland biomass production is strongly linked with the timing and intensity of precipitation events. While the direct effects of precipitation patterns on grasses are well‐studied, less is known regarding plant–plant interactions during different phases of drought (i.e., dry down vs. recovery). Here, we examined how the intensity and timing of drought affected biomass production, traits related to growth rate and competitive vigor (specific leaf area [SLA], leaf dry matter content [LDMC], and height [HT]), and competitive effects in three common pasture grasses. Each species was grown alone (one individual per 45‐L planter) or with competition (one individual of each species per 45‐L planter) under three different drought types: (1) “short‐term” drought where water was withheld until the first species reached stomatal closure; (2) “prolonged” drought where water was withheld until all three species reached stomatal closure; and (3) “repeated” short‐term drought where water was withheld until the first species reached stomatal closure, plants were rewatered to capacity, and then, the drought was repeated. In all three drought types, replicates were assessed for biomass and traits pre‐ and post‐rewatering to represent the “resistance” and “recovery” phases of drought, respectively. Overall, we found (1) competitive interactions during phases of drought were primarily mediated by plant HT and LDMC, not SLA; (2) the severity and frequency of drought were key factors in describing plant–plant interactions during phases of drought; and (3) interspecific differences in traits and trait responses to drought phases were key in predicting plant–plant competition. Such shifts in competition interactions associated with interspecific trait responses to drought and during recovery from drought are likely to have significant effects on the productivity and composition of multispecies, grass‐dominated plant communities.
Juniperus communis extract ameliorates lipopolysaccharide‐induced acute kidney injury through the adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase pathway
Authors: Lin Ta‐Chin , Lu Chia‐Wen , Chang Kai‐Fu , Lee Chung‐Jen
Published: July 2022

Septic shock can aggravate organ dysfunction and even lead to death. Juniperus communis (JCo) extract has been experimentally demonstrated to have anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant effects. We investigated the anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant mechanism of JCo extract in vivo and in vitro. In a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced acute kidney injury rat model, JCo extract improved animal survival, reduced kidney injury scores, suppressed kidney injury molecule‐1, and preserved E‐cadherin expression from LPS damage, as demonstrated by the immunohistochemistry examinations of the rat kidneys. In LPS‐stimulated NRK‐52E cells, JCo extract inhibited nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) and increased adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase (AMPK) expression, prompting the activation of the antioxidant nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor‐2/heme oxygenase‐1 pathway against oxidative stress. JCo extract ameliorated LPS‐induced acute kidney injury by suppressing NF‐κB signaling and stimulating the release of tumor necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐1β through the AMPK pathway.
Molecular dynamics simulations, molecular docking, and kinetics study of kaempferol interaction on Jack bean urease: Comparison of extended solvation model
Authors: Zolghadr Leila , Behbehani Gholamreza Rezaei , PakBin Babak , Hosseini Seied Ali , Divsalar Adeleh , Gheibi Nematollah
Published: July 2022

Since the urease enzyme creates gastric cancer, peptic ulcer, hepatic coma, and urinary stones in millions of people worldwide, it is essential to find strong inhibitors to help patients. Natural products are well known for their beneficial effects on health and efforts are being made to isolate the ingredients, the so‐called flavonoids. Flavonoids are now considered as an indispensable component in a variety of nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic applications. Kaempferol (KPF) is an antioxidant found in many fruits and vegetables. Many reports have explained the significant effects of dietary KPF in reducing the risk of chronic diseases such as cancer, ischemia, stroke, and Parkinson’s. The current study aimed at investigating the inhibitory impact of KPF on Jack bean urease (JBU) using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and molecular mechanics Poisson–Boltzmann surface area (MM‐PBSA) calculations to confirm the results obtained from isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), extended solvation model, and docking software. In addition, UV–VIS spectrophotometry was used to study the kinetics of urease inhibition. Calorimetric and spectrophotometric determinations of the kinetic parameters of this inhibition indicate the occurrence of a reversible and noncompetitive mode. Also, the docking and MD results indicated that the urease had well adapted to the kaempferol in the binding pocket, thereby forming a stable complex. Kaempferol displayed low binding energy during MMPBSA calculations. The inhibitory potential of kaempferol was confirmed by experimental and simulation data, but in vivo investigations are also recommended to validate our results.
Multiomics to investigate the mechanisms contributing to repression of PTPRC and SOCS2 in pediatric T‐ALL: Focus on miR‐363‐3p and promoter methylation
Authors: Drobna‐Śledzińska Monika , Maćkowska‐Maślak Natalia , Jaksik Roman , Kosmalska Maria , Szarzyńska Bronisława , Lejman Monika , Sędek Łukasz , Szczepański Tomasz , Taghon Tom , Van Vlierberghe Pieter , Witt Michał , Dawidowska Małgorzata
Published: July 2022

T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T‐ALL) is a heterogeneous and aggressive malignancy arising from T‐cell precursors. MiRNAs are implicated in negative regulation of gene expression and when aberrantly expressed contribute to various cancer types, including T‐ALL. Previously we demonstrated the oncogenic potential of miR‐363‐3p overexpression in a subgroup of T‐ALL patients. Here, using combined proteomic and transcriptomic approaches, we show that miR‐363‐3p enhances cell growth of T‐ALL in vitro via inhibition of PTPRC and SOCS2, which are implicated in repression of the JAK–STAT pathway. We propose that overexpression of miR‐363‐3p is a novel mechanism potentially contributing to overactivation of JAK–STAT pathway. Additionally, by combining the transcriptomic and methylation data of T‐ALL patients, we show that promoter methylation may also contribute to downregulation of SOCS2 expression and thus potentially to JAK–STAT activation. In conclusion, we highlight aberrant miRNA expression and aberrant promoter methylation as mechanisms, alternative to mutations of JAK–STAT‐related genes, which might lead to the upregulation of JAK‐dependent signaling in T‐ALL.
Petroleum generation modelling of the Middle‐Late Cretaceous sediments in the Abu Gharadig Field, Northwestern Desert, Egypt
Authors: Elhossainy Mohamed M. , El‐Shafeiy Moataz , Al‐Areeq Nabil M. , Hamdy Dina
Published: July 2022

The present work introduces an integral study concerning the Middle‐Late Cretaceous source rocks in Abu Gharadig (AG) Field utilizing source rock evaluation techniques and hydrocarbon generation modelling. The used methods include TOC%, Rock‐Eval pyrolysis, vitrinite reflectance (Ro%), and 1D basin modelling data. Our results show that most of the studied marine Middle‐Late Cretaceous intervals in AG Field are considerable as source rocks, excluding the Abu Roash A‐D members. The Kharita, Bahariya, and Abu Roash E & G intervals have mainly gas‐prone kerogen. The Abu Roash F and Khoman B members contain mixed kerogen type II/III with oil/gas‐prone generative potential. Khoman A member has marine type II kerogen with mainly oil‐ and minor gas‐prone generative potential. Among the Middle‐Late Cretaceous rock units, the Khoman Formation is either immature or early mature, whereas others are mature enough to generate hydrocarbons. The burial history models typify a high subsidence rate during the deposition of Kharita, Bahariya, and Abu Roash formations in response to the Tethyan rifting phase. The timing of the peak of oil generation window for the Abu Roash G interval is ranged as Late Oligocene‐Early Pliocene time. Moreover, the timing of the peak of oil generation for the Abu Roash F interval is ranged as Early Miocene‐Latest Miocene. Based on transformation ratios (TR), the Abu Roash F member demonstrates a limited hydrocarbon expulsion (25% > TR <50), whereas both Abu Roash G and Khoman B members can generate in‐situ hydrocarbon (TR ≤10%). Compiling data along the AG basin from previous works infers that there are spatial and temporal discrepancies in organics composition and thermal maturity of the Middle‐Late Cretaceous intervals. Changes in paleoclimate, eustatic, and basin tectonics can be considered as the primary drivers that triggered such spatiotemporal variation. Integrated approaches are needed to constrain the multi‐geospheric interactions of major Cretaceous anoxic events in the Northwestern Desert of Egypt, and to explore the driving forces on these organics‐accumulating events.