bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Key Approaches to the Study of History of Altai in 18th Century in Modern Russian Historiography
Authors: Bobrov D. S. , Zaitseva L. G.
Published: November 2020

The article is devoted to a comprehensive examination of theoretical approaches to the study of the history of Altai in the 18th century, developed by Russian specialists over the past three decades. The relevance of the study is associated with the emerging trend in domestic science towards a holistic understanding of the retrospective of individual regions, including through understanding the interdependent role of various social and administrative factors in the colonization process. Special attention is paid to the conceptual assessment of the nature of the initial development of Altai. The methodological grounds for applying the theories of military colonization, frontier, frontier modernization to the history of the region are outlined. The authors state the presence in the scientific literature of two non-identical approaches to the characterization of the Russian border in the south of Western Siberia. The authors demonstrate the obvious desire of historians to carry out comprehensive studies of regional and local levels of civil and mining management, which has emerged against the background of the preservation of the heuristic significance of microhistorical analysis of the role of individual fortified (fortresses, forts) or production facilities (factories). The diversity and conceptual heterogeneity of modern Russian historiography of the history of Altai in the 18th century is summarized. Some forecasts of the development of the historiographic situation are formulated.
Polish Vector in Politics of Vladimir Monomakh and His Heirs: from the Lyubech Congress to the “Pereyaslavl Crisis”
Authors: Korenevskiy A. V. , Nikolaeva N. D.
Published: November 2020

The question of the system of Russian-Polish interaction during the period of temporary stabilization of political relations in Russia - from the Lyubech Congress (1097) to the end of the Kiev reign of Mstislav the Great (1125-1132) is considered in the article. The authors show that the 12th century is presented in historiography as a time of gradual growth of contradictions between two Christian civilizations, as a transitional period between the Great Schism of 1054 and the IV Crusade (1202- 1204). An attempt is made to consider the relationship between Russia and Poland of the indicated period outside the teleological approach. The authors provide evidence that the thesis of the religious factor as decisive in Russian-Polish relations does not correspond to the political realities of the 10- 30s of the XII century. It is shown that it was the ideological orientation of Vladimir Monomakh towards the crusading movement and the Holy Roman Empire that made it impossible for allied relations between Kiev and Krakow in the first quarter of the 12th century. It has been proved that there was no single policy of Rus towards Poland; the actions of the two sides were situational. The authors come to the conclusion that in Russia and Poland, competing political groups sought to implement their own strategies in relation to the neighboring state.
Role of S. V. Korolenko in Evacuation of the Poltava Literary and Memorial Museum of V. G. Korolenko to Sverdlovsk in 1941
Authors: Mokhov A. S. , Kapsalykova K. R.
Published: November 2020

The article is devoted to the problem of the evacuation of cultural values during the Great Patriotic War. The relevance of the research is due to the fact that in historiography insufficient attention is paid to the salvation of the treasures of provincial museums in 1941—1942. The question is raised about the lack of a unified plan for the evacuation of museum collections from the western regions of the USSR in the initial period of the war. The novelty of the research is in the introduction into scientific circulation of a unique document — a report on the evacuation of the literary and memorial museum of V. G. Korolenko from Poltava to Sverdlovsk. The question of the history of the creation of the museum and its work in the pre-war period is considered. The authors dwell on the history of the creation of literary and memorial museums in the USSR in the 1920s-1930s. The composition of the archive of V.G.Korolenko is characterized. It is shown that the graduates of the higher female Bestuzhev courses played a significant role in this process. Particular attention is paid to the activities of the museum director, the writer’s eldest daughter, Sofya Vladimirovna Korolenko. It has been proven that she is credited with saving the museum collection from the front line. According to the authors, the history of the evacuation of cultural property during the war is a poorly studied issue, the solution of which depends on the publication of sources.
State Language, Language Situation and Language Policy in Legislation: Representations in the Russian Federal Law “On the State Language of the Russian Federation
Authors: Dubrovskaya T. V. , Kozhevnikova E. I.
Published: November 2020

The article addresses the issue of language situation and language policy through the analysis of legislation. Taking a social constructionist approach to law, the authors claim that a legal text can be explored for the purpose of discovering typical representations and linguistic resources that conceptualise languages, language situation and language policy. The paper offers a concise overview of domestic and foreign scholarship in the field as well as offering definitions for the basic categories used in the research. The analysis of the Russian Federal Law “On the State Language of the Russian Federation” shows that the Russian language is constructed as a state language, which has a few aspects. It is represented as an instrument of national unity, an instrument of maintaining culture, and an instrument of international impact. In terms of semantic roles, the Russian language is represented not only as an agent and instrument, but also as a patient, the object of negative and positive impact. The contexts mentioning the Russian language and other languages and idioms construct the relations between the languages as mutually reinforcing (thus, constructing the semantics of unity) or mutually excluding (thus, constructing the semantics of opposition).
Oil Industry in Kuban in 1928—1935: Problems and Factors of Production Growth
Authors: Salfetnikov D. A.
Published: November 2020

The question of the development of the oil industry in the Kuban regions in the late 1920s and in the first half of the 1930s is considered. Attention is paid to the state of oil production and oil refining at the end of the NEP, the reasons for the difficult situation in the oil industry. The results of a comparative analysis of the potential and activities of the corresponding Kuban refineries that were part of various oil trusts are presented. The classification of enterprises is proposed depending on their profile (oil production and oil refining) and production value. A review of the production life of these enterprises is carried out. Their role in the regional economy and in strengthening interregional economic ties is assessed. The relevance of the study is due to the need to consider the degree of participation of oil industry enterprises in the Kuban in solving important economic problems that go beyond this region. The situation in oil production and oil refining as an important segment of heavy industry located on the territory of an agricultural region is analyzed and reconstructed in the article. Questions are raised about the specifics of the development of the oil industry in the Kuban, about the form of subordination of its enterprises. Particular attention is paid to the problems of staffing, technical equipment of oil producing and oil refineries and their impact on the implementation of complex planned targets. It has been proved that the dynamics of the development of the Kuban oil-bearing regions and the development of oil refineries depended on the introduction of new drilling methods, on the intensification of exploitation of both developed and new oil-bearing regions.
A Constructive Beginning in Peasant Protest: “Red Army of Truth” in Buzuluk (July 1920)
Authors: Safonov D. A.
Published: November 2020

The question of the content of the insurrectionary protest of the 1920s is considered. The relevance of the study is due to the tendency in historiography to develop any speech of this period in two directions: analysis of program and campaign documents and understanding of the process of suppressing protest. It is proposed to highlight the aspect of the implementation of program provisions for assessing the constructive beginning in the protest movement: how realizable were the programs of the rebels, and also how the rebels managed to implement their plans. Particular attention is paid to the performance of the “Red Army of Truth” in the summer of 1920, which the author defines as “communist” and pro-Soviet. The results of a comparative analysis of sources, which by their origin are related to the insurgent environment, and real actions of the insurgents are presented in the article. The novelty of the study is seen in the fact that the analysis of the actions of the insurgents is carried out without regard to the stereotypes existing in historiography and with the attraction of new facts from previously closed sources. A significant part of the plans and slogans of the “Army of Truth” were implemented in the controlled territory, which testifies to their realism. This allows us to question the well-established thesis that at that time the communist leaders in the center offered the only correct option for building a new Soviet state.
The Activities of Local Government Bodies to Improve the Sanitary Condition of Cities in Western Siberia (Late XIX — Early XX Centuries)
Authors: Tatarnikova A. I.
Published: November 2020

The activities of local authorities in the sanitary improvement of cities in the West Siberian region are characterized in the article. The author analyzes the sanitary regulations of the self-government bodies addressed to the urban population, identifies their common and distinctive features. Attention is focused on the problem of compliance with the instructions issued by the authorities by the owners of factories, plants, trade shops, public baths, hairdressers and other institutions of urban infrastructure, as well as ordinary citizens. Methods of punishment for violation of the accepted sanitary rules and the effectiveness of their application are considered. The conclusion is made about the intensification of the work of urban self-government bodies in ensuring sanitary order, which was caused by an increase in the rates of economic development of cities, an increase in their population, an acceleration of migration processes and, as a consequence, an unfavorable epidemiological situation, an expansion of the residential area due to the chaotic development of urban outskirts, pollution of water supply sources, the emergence of unauthorized household waste dumps. It is emphasized that the need to solve the problems of sanitary improvement forces the city authorities to seek support from caring citizens, to establish interaction with them, which brings first positive results, contributes to the development of private initiative in improving the sanitary condition of the city economy and residential yards of ordinary inhabitants.
Language Situation and Language Policy in the Canadian Province of New Brunswick
Authors: Kozhemyakina V. A.
Published: November 2020

The analysis of sociolinguistic situation in the Canadian province of New Brunswick is offered in the article. The history of the settlement of this territory by representatives of different linguistic cultures — the French and the British — is considered. An overview of the demo linguistic situation in the province is given. The statistical data of the latest population censuses are presented. Particular attention is paid to the use of the minority French language in various social and communicative spheres in New Brunswick at the present stage: in the legislative and executive branches, in the main sphere of the language functioning — in the sphere of education, in the spheres of services, trade and the media. The author dwells on the problem of variation of the Acadian French language in a situation of institutional bilingualism, when the French language is constantly under the influence of the dominant English language. The relevance of the article is due to the attention of the Russian and world community to the position of minority languages in a multilingual society and the problem of their preservation. The novelty of the research is seen in the fact that the ongoing language policy is considered simultaneously with the analysis of existing laws on language, since only adopted laws can allow members of the linguistic minority to assert and defend their rights.
Language Choice and Identity of Karelian and Belarusian Youth (according to Polls of Ethnic Leaders)
Authors: Litvin Ju. V. , Kundozerova M. V. , Lipnitskaya S. V. , Izerhina A. N. , Shevchenko Ya. S.
Published: November 2020

A new perspective on the analysis of the linguistic and ethnocultural situation in the Republic of Karelia and the Republic of Belarus is offered in the study. The novelty of the study is seen in the fact that, taking into account various initial parameters — geographic distance, form of government, language status — it is proposed to compare the situation in two regions, in which a general tendency is found due to the dominant position of the Russian language. The main attention is paid to clarifying the ethnic well-being of people, to varying degrees, involved in the processes of preserving language and culture. An interpretation and comparison of the reasons for the preference of the Russian language in the network space and in real life is proposed. The article is based on the results of a survey of the translators of the Vkontakte social network interface, materials from biographical interviews with ethnic leaders, and observation data on ethnically oriented events in the regions under consideration. The difference in linguistic attitudes and real practices of using the Karelian and Belarusian languages by activists was revealed. The linguistic reasons (the level of linguistic competence) and the psychological aspect of the ethno-linguistic component in the choice of the dominant language in Karelia and Belarus have been determined.
The Fair and Wise King behind the Sacred Myth of Puak Reflected the Leader Horizon Representation of Kampong Tua Malay Nongsa: Ethnoecological Approach
Authors: Arianto Tomi
Published: November 2020

Longing for a just and wise leader built a horizon of hope for society behind the mythical stories of the king of dreams. Like the fringe warriors in Javanese society, the Malays in Kampong Tua Nongsa have a role model king known as The King of Fuang. This study aimed to reveal the theme of ethnoecology in the Malay community behind the mythical story of Puak sacred in Nongsa, a Batam district. The ethnoecology approach connected a community paradigm that is formed due to natural phenomena. The interaction between humans and nature through the sacred existence of Puak was created by the role model of the king. This study used a qualitative descriptive method with observation data collection techniques and in-depth interviews. Analytical criticism techniques become a meant to reveal the ethnoecology behind the story. The results of this research show that there are two important things to discuss, namely the representation of the just king and cultural products from nature in the form of prohibitions. A king who is a role model for the hope of a community leader in the form of a king who is honest and keeps his promises, a king who does not want to be exalted and exalted, a king who is just and wise, a king who is simple, a king who protects and preserves nature. Meanwhile, the resulting cultural products are in the form of prohibitions on destroying forests, prohibitions on cutting hills, prohibitions on lying, prohibitions on speaking arrogantly, prohibitions on speaking dirty, and prohibitions on wasting wealth.
Palliative splenic irradiation for symptomatic splenomegaly in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia − case report
Authors: Pires André , Rodrigues Isabel , Laranja André , Oliveira Ângelo , Gonçalves Joana
Published: November 2020

Background:

Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a rare malignant disorder that presents with splenomegaly in about 30% of cases.

Case presentation:

A 71-year-old man complained of abdominal pain, left hypochondrium distension, and weight loss. After work-up, a diagnosis of CMML was conducted, and the patient started chemotherapy. After about 2 years, he experienced clinical worsening compatible with symptomatic splenomegaly, and was proposed for radiotherapy. The patient underwent palliative splenic irradiation (SI), initially with 0.25 Gy fractions, delivered every other day, but the treatment was suspended after four fractions due to thrombocytopenia; 4 weeks later, the treatment was resumed, but was suspended again after 4 × 0.25 Gy fractions due to hematological changes. The patient was kept in palliative care and died 6 weeks later.

Conclusion:

SI has emerged as an alternative, widely used for palliation symptomatic splenomegaly in patients with hematological malignancies. This is the first report of SI for symptomatic splenomegaly on a patient with CMML.
Rancang Bangun Robot Pengangkut Sampah Pintar Menggunakan Mikrokontroler
Authors: Clara Robert Pangestu  , Rian Ferdian
Published: November 2020

Humans are living things that like all things that are clean and beautiful to look at, including environment around them. Nowadays, there are many people that conscious and care about environmental hygiene, but there are many of them that do the otherwise. Managing trash can in their residential area is one form of human awareness of environmental sanitation. Human's responsibility in keeping their health and the environment is not only to dispose of trash in its place but also to manage a fully loaded trash can. Because of the waste management problem, the writer made a smart garbage transport robot, which is a fully loaded trash can or a trash can that has methane in it can move automatically from a residential area to its landfill. Components that used to detect the condition of a trash can are Ultrasonic sensor that used to identifies a fully loaded trash can; MQ-4, a methane gas sensor to detect methane gas's level in the trash can; and photodiode sensor for the automatic trash can robot's line tracking to the landfill. The success rate of garbage transport robot is 4 out of 4 trials.
Z. JUSZYNSKI’S QUESTIONNARE POTENTIAL FOR ASSESSMENT OF HEALTH-SAVING BEHAVIOR AMONG STUDENTS OF PEDAGOGICAL SPECIALTIES
Authors:   Yanka Kupala State University of Grodno (Grodno, Belarus), Pauliuts O.V.
Published: November 2020

Statement of the problem. Studying the behavior aimed at maintaining health in various social groups, disseminating the experience of using the questionnaire to quantify the health-saving behavior of students, taking into account their future specialty, is relevant. The purpose of the article is to present the experience of using Z. Juczyński’S (IZZ) questionnaire to assess the health-saving behavior of students of pedagogical specialties, including representatives of the specialty “Physical Education” in comparison with the results of the norms proposed by the author of the questionnaire. The methodology of the study is analysis of scientific sources in the field of evaluating health-saving behavior. The study (a sociological survey) using the Russian version of the questionnaire to assess the determinants of health-saving behavior (IZZ) included 472 students from the University of Grodno, including 235 respondents studying at the pedagogical faculty and 237 student athletes. Research results. The median of the total IZZ indicator for all respondents was 87 points and exceeded generally accepted norms. Two-thirds of the students surveyed declared an average and high level of health-saving behavior. Differences from the standards were expressed in a positive psychological attitude and reduced effectiveness of the use of preventive knowledge in practice. The majority of respondents with low indicators were among men – representatives of the faculty of education. High rates of health-saving behavior were observed among students of the same faculty. Students of the Faculty of Physical Education held an intermediate position. Conclusion. The use of the IZZ questionnaire made it possible to accurately assess the students’ health saving levels and determined the possibility of using the questionnaire as a universal and objective tool for diagnosing individual behavioral characteristics aimed at maintaining health.
MODERN PARENTS’ PERCEPTIONS OF DEMANDS, ENCOURAGEMENT, AND PUNISHMENT AS COMPONENTS OF CHILD REARING
Authors:   KSPU named after V.P. Astafiev, Safonov M.V.
Published: November 2020

Statement of the problem. Solving the problem of psychological and pedagogical support of parents requires studying the request for psychological assistance from their side. In our opinion, this can be done by studying the social perceptions of modern parents about various aspects of the phenomenon of parenthood. The purpose of the article is to describe the semantic core of modern parents’ ideas about encouragement, punishment, and requirements as components of raising children in the family. Materials and methods. The research methodology is presented by the concept of social representations by S. Moscovici, as well as synthesized research in the field of social representations by Russian and foreign scientists (K.A. Abulkhanova-Slavskaya, G.M. Andreeva, E.Y. Artemyeva, M.I. Volovikova, T.P. Yemelyanova,L.G. Pochebut, J.K. Abrik, P. Verges, D. Jodle). Research results. The analysis of the results shows that the semantic core is the idea that the main task and responsibility of parents is to educate the child, and for this they can use methods of encouragement and punishment, moreover, they have the right to control and punish the child. The main tasks of different methods of education (requirements, prohibitions, punishments, incentives) is maintaining the authority of parents, taking care of the child’s safety, encouraging good behavior, good learning, and obedience of the child. These ideas tend to the traditional Russian understanding of the parent as an educator. Along with this, there is an appearance of ideas about non-mandatory education, the need to develop an educational strategy, and the need to avoid child-centered behavior. Conclusion. The results of the study allow us to make a request for the content of psychological and pedagogical support for parents within the educational system and psychological assistance services. Knowledge of modern parenting’s social concepts of parenting methods allows parents to develop education that is appropriate to their characteristics and needs.
STUDY OF DYNAMIC PROCESSES IN THE INTERNAL VOCABULARY OF A SCHOOL STUDENT BY THE METHOD OF FREE ASSOCIATION EXPERIMENT
Authors:   KSPU named after V.P. Astafiev, Vasilyeva S.P. , Nizamutinova T.M. ,   KSPU named after V.P. Astafiev
Published: November 2020

Statement of the problem and the purpose of the article. The development of language / speech ability is the basis for mastering any activity, especially educational one. Using the ideas of the Moscow psycholinguistic school, we believe the basic part of speech activity to be an internal or mental lexicon / vocabulary, allowing to simulate the language picture of the world, linguistic consciousness. Research methodology. The most effective way to study language consciousness, hence the internal lexicon, is the free association experiment (SAE). The experience of creating associative dictionaries as a result of mass association experiments is known in the world and in the country. The most famous associative dictionary in Russia is the Russian associative dictionary (RAS) 1994-1998. Since the end of the XX century, associative dictionaries for schoolchildren have been created in our country as a tool for studying the dynamic processes of the internal lexicon among schoolchildren of different age groups. Research results. The materials of the “Associative dictionary of Krasnoyarsk schoolchildren” as a model of internal lexicon allow us to study the reflection of thinking and understanding of the surrounding world by schoolchildren, the level of formation of cognitive structures. Psycholinguistic analysis of associative fields gives an idea of the level of formation of the conceptual apparatus, the image of the world. By analyzing associative fields as a fragment of the internal lexicon of a student of a certain age, you can plan activities to correct and develop the internal lexicon of a teenager.
MANFAAT INTERNET MARKETING DALAM MENINGKATKAN PENDAPATAN UMKM PUREE MANGGA (Studi Kasus pada CV. Promindo Utama di Kecamatan Losari, Kabupaten Cirebon)
Authors: Mubarak Rahyan Arfi , Sulistyowati Lies
Published: November 2020

Use of the internet for small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) business activities is relatively low, MSME needs to be aware that the development of internet technology has provided efficiency and effectiveness of MSME businesses. One of MSMEs that uses and utilizes the internet as a marketing tool is CV Promindo Utama MSME located in Losari Village, Cirebon Regency. The purpose of this study was to describe how far the internet is used, identify the obstacles faced in using internet marketing and analyze the benefits of internet marketing to increase income and number of consumers of CV Promindo Utama. This study used descriptive qualitative method. The object of this research was CV Promindo Utama, which has used internet marketing as a marketing tool. Data was collected by interview technique. The data was analyzed using Profit analysis Single program before-after method. The results of this study indicates that CV Promindo Utama has used the internet as a promotional tool to market its products through different web platforms, social media and online shopping, while the obstacles faced in the usage of internet marketing by CV Promindo Utama was the lack of related knowledge regarding the internet used, lack of workforce who are experts in the field of technology and inadequate signals, with use of internet marketing many benefits were obtained in increasing revenue and increasing number of consumers so that MSME CV Promindo Utama can develop and expand sales market, where the monthly profit increased by 13,7% and the number of consumers were increased by 25% per month after the usage of internet marketing.
ANALISIS PENDAPATAN DAN TITIK IMPAS USAHA TANI JAMUR TIRAM (Pleurotus ostreatus)
Authors: Gumilar Aris , Yususf Muhamad Nurdin , Hakim Dani Lukman
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui : (1) Mengetahui besarnya biaya, penerimaan, dan pendapatan yang diterima oleh petani Jamur tiram di Kelurahan Gunung Tandala Kecamatan kawalu kota Tasikmalaya, (2) Mengetahui besarnya nilai titik impas per satu kali produksi jamur tiram di Kelurahan Gunung Tandala Kecamatan kawalu kota Tasikmalaya.Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan metode studi kasus di Kelurahan Gunung Tandala Kota Tasikmalaya. Sampel diambil sebanyak 24 orang petani jamur tiram dari jumlah anggota populasi sebanyak 245 orang petani dengan menggunakan kuesioner sebagai alat pengumpul data. Data yang dikumpulkan dianalisis dengan menggunakan tabulasi, sedangkan analisis biaya, penerimaan, dan titik impas dianalisis dengan metode deskriptif.Hasil penelitian menunjukan : 1) Besarnya biaya produksi rata-rata yang dikeluarkan oleh petani jamur tiram yang berada di Kelurahan Gunung Tandala sebesar Rp. 4.653.986,63. Besarnya penerimaan rata-rata yang diperoleh sebesar Rp. 5.293.750 dan besarnya pendapatan yang di peroleh adalah sebesar Rp. 639.763,37. 2) Besarnya titik impas nilai penjualan usaha tani jamur per satu kali proses produksi adalah sebesar Rp. 1.076.788,33, titik impas volume produksi sebesar 107,67 kilogram dan titik impas harga sebesar Rp. 8.791,47 per satu kali proses produksi.
ANALISIS KOMODITAS UNGGULAN TANAMAN PANGAN DI KECAMATAN CIPATUJAH KABUPATEN TASIKMALAYA
Authors: Sunjaya Asep , Noor Trisna Insan , Isyanto Agus Yuniawan
Published: November 2020

Pemilihan komoditas unggulan yang sesuai dengan potensi wilayah dilakukan untuk menentukan komoditi tanaman pangan potensial yang dapat dikembangkan dan menjadi prioritas pengembangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan komoditi unggulan tanaman pangan di Kecamatan Cipatujah Kabupaten Tasikmalaya berdasarkan keunggulan kompetitif dan komparatif dari luas panen dan nilai produksi. Penelitian dilakukan di Kecamatan Cipatujah pada bulan Juli 2020. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah data sekunder berupa data time series luas panen dan nilai produksi tanaman pangan padi sawah, padi gogo, jagung, ubi kayu, dan kacang tanah periode 20010-2019 yang diperoleh dari BPS Kabupaten Tasikmalaya. Komoditas yang memiliki keunggulan komparatif dianalisis dengan model Location Quotient (LQ), sedangkan komoditas yang memiliki keunggulan kompetitif dianalisis dengan model Shift Share Analysis (SSA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komoditas yang mempunyai keunggulan komparatif berdasarkan luas panen adalah yaitu padi sawah, padi gogo, jagung, ubi kayu, dan kacang tanah. Sedangkan komoditas yang mempunyai keunggulan komparatif berdasarkan nilai produksi adalah padi sawah, padi gogo, jagung, ubi kayu, dan kacang tanah. Komoditas tanaman pangan yang memiliki keunggulan kompetitif berdasarkan luas panen adalah padi sawah dan padi gogo. Sedangkan komoditas tanaman pangan yang memiliki keunggulan kompetitif berdasarkan nilai produksi adalah padi sawah, padi gogo, jagung dan ubi kayu. Komoditas tanaman pangan yang mempunyai keunggulan komparatif dan kompetitif adalah padi sawah, padi gogo, dan jagung.
Central Sensitization in Musculoskeletal Pain: Lost in Translation?
Authors: van Griensven Hubert , Schmid Annina , Trendafilova Teodora , Low Matthew
Published: November 2020

Synopsis

Central sensitization is a physiological mechanism associated with enhanced sensitivity and pain responses. At present, central sensitization cannot be determined directly in humans, but certain signs and symptoms may be suggestive of it. Although central sensitization has received increasing attention in the clinical literature, there is a risk that certain distinctions are being lost. This paper summarizes current knowledge of the physiology of central sensitization and its possible manifestations in patients, in order to inform a debate about the relevance of central sensitization for physical therapists. It poses 6 challenges associated with the application of central sensitization concepts in clinical practice and makes suggestions for assessment, treatment, and use of terminology. Physical therapists are asked to be mindful of central sensitization and consider potential top-down as well as bottom-up drivers, in the context of a person-centered biopsychosocial approach. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2020;50(11):592–596. doi:10.2519/jospt.2020.0610
The Effects of Exercise Dosage on Neck-Related Pain and Disability: A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis
Authors: Wilhelm Mark P. , Donaldson Megan , Griswold David , Learman Kenneth E. , Garcia Alessandra N. , Learman Shane M. , Cleland Joshua A.
Published: November 2020

Objective

To (1) evaluate whether exercise therapy is effective for managing neck pain, and (2) investigate the relationship between exercise therapy dosage and treatment effect.

Design

Intervention systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression.

Literature Search

An electronic search of 6 databases was completed for trials assessing the effects of exercise therapy on neck pain.

Study Selection Criteria

We included randomized controlled trials that compared exercise therapy to a no-exercise therapy control for treating neck pain. Two reviewers screened and selected studies, extracted outcomes, assessed article risk of bias, and rated the quality of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.

Data Synthesis

Data were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. We used meta-regression to analyze the effect of exercise dosage on neck pain and disability.

Results

Fourteen trials were included in the review. Seven trials were at high risk of bias, 4 were at unclear risk of bias, and 3 were at low risk of bias. Exercise therapy was superior to control for reducing pain (visual analog scale mean difference, −15.32 mm) and improving disability (Neck Disability Index mean difference, −3.64 points). Exercise dosage parameters did not predict pain or disability outcomes.

Conclusion

Exercise was beneficial for reducing pain and disability, regardless of exercise therapy dosage. Therefore, optimal exercise dosage recommendations remain unknown. We encourage clinicians to use exercise when managing mechanical neck pain. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2020;50(11):607–621. doi:10.2519/jospt.2020.9155
Validity of Clinical Measurement Instruments Assessing Scapular Function: Insufficient Evidence to Recommend Any Instrument for Assessing Scapular Posture, Movement, and Dysfunction—A Systematic Review
Authors: D'hondt Norman E. , Pool Jan J.M. , Kiers Henri , Terwee Caroline B. , Veeger (Dirkjan) H.E.J.
Published: November 2020

Objective

To determine the construct validity, criterion validity, and responsiveness of measurement instruments evaluating scapular function.

Design

Systematic review of measurement properties.

Literature Search

The MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus databases were systematically searched from inception until March 2019.

Study Selection Criteria

Studies published in Dutch, English, or German were included when they evaluated at least 1 of the measurement properties of interest. No restrictions were made regarding participants' health status.

Data Synthesis

Two reviewers independently evaluated study quality using the COSMIN checklist and extracted and analyzed data. Quality of evidence was graded by measurement property for each distinctive type of measurement.

Results

Thirty-one measurement instruments in 14 studies were categorized into instruments to measure scapular posture and movement, and to assess scapular dyskinesis. Quality of evidence was at most moderate for 4 instruments with respect to criterion validity. Of these, criterion validity for instruments measuring scapular protraction/retraction posture and rotation angles up to 120° of thoracohumeral elevation was sufficient. Criterion validity for instruments measuring asymmetrical scapular posture, range of motion, and the lateral scapular slide test was insufficient. Quality of evidence for measurement properties of all other instruments was graded lower.

Conclusion

There is currently insufficient evidence to recommend any instrument for the clinical examination of scapular function. Measurement instruments to assess scapular dyskinesis are prone to misinterpretation and should therefore not be used as such. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2020;50(11):632–641. doi:10.2519/jospt.2020.9265
Calcific Tendinopathy of the Rotator Cuff Treated With Acetic Acid Iontophoresis
Authors: Medina-Gandionco Marycris , Briggs Robert A.
Published: November 2020

A 62-year-old right hand–dominant man with a 20-year history of left shoulder pain and 6-month insidious, progressively worsening symptoms was referred to physical therapy with clinical and radiographic evidence of left supraspinatus tendon calcification. Following examination, the patient was prescribed rest, isometrics, and pain-free range of motion. He was treated with iontophoresis for 3 visits per week for 5 weeks. Radiographs, repeated 1 week post treatment and 9 weeks since his initial radiographs, demonstrated marked resorption of the calcific deposit. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2020;50(11):650. doi:10.2519/jospt.2020.9270
Do the Number of Visits and the Cost of Musculoskeletal Care Improve Outcomes? More May Not Be Better
Authors: Clewley Derek , Iftikhar Yusra , Horn Maggie E. , Rhon Daniel I.
Published: November 2020

Objectives

To determine the relationship between health care use and the magnitude of change in patient-reported outcomes in individuals who received treatment for subacromial pain syndrome. The secondary objective was to determine the value of care, as measured by change in pain and disability per dollar spent.

Design

Secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial that investigated the effects of nonsurgical care for subacromial pain syndrome.

Methods

Two groups of treatment responders were created, based on 1-year change in Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) score (high, 46.83 points; low, 8.21 points). Regression analysis was performed to determine the association between health care use and 1-year change in SPADI score. Baseline SPADI score was used as a covariate in the regression analysis. Value was measured by comparing health care visits and costs expended per SPADI 1-point change between responder groups.

Results

Ninety-eight patients were included; 38 were classified as high responders (mean 1-year SPADI change score, 46.83 points) and 60 were classified as low responders (1-year SPADI change score, 8.21 points). Neither unadjusted medical visits (5.89; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.35, 7.44 versus 6.30; 95% CI: 5.14, 7.46) nor medical costs ($1404.86; 95% CI: $1109.34, $1779.09 versus $1679.26; 95% CI: $1391.54, $2026.48) were significantly different between high and low responders, respectively.

Conclusion

Neither the number of visits nor the financial cost of nonsurgical shoulder- related care was associated with improvement in shoulder pain and disability at 1 year. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2020;50(11):642–648. doi:10.2519/jospt.2020.9440
The Effectiveness of Strategies to Promote Walking in People With Musculoskeletal Disorders: A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis
Authors: Saragiotto Bruno T. , Fioratti Iuri , Tiedemann Anne , Hancock Mark J. , Yamato Tiê P. , Wang Samuel S.Y. , Chau Josephine Y. , Lin Chung-Wei Christine
Published: November 2020

Objective

To evaluate the effect of walking promotion strategies on physical activity, pain, and function in people with musculoskeletal disorders.

Design

Intervention systematic review with meta-analysis.

Literature Search

We performed the searches in MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) from inception to August 2019.

Study Selection Criteria

We included randomized controlled trials evaluating interventions that promote walking in people with musculoskeletal disorders.

Data Synthesis

We used the PEDro scale for assessing risk of bias and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach to evaluate the quality of evidence. We expressed pooled effects for between-group differences as mean differences or standardized mean differences and 95% confidence intervals, or as risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals, using random-effects meta-analyses.

Results

Twelve eligible trials (n = 1456 participants) were identified. There was moderate- to very low–quality evidence of no difference in physical activity levels for walking promotion interventions when compared to minimal interventions, and a significant effect favoring walking promotion when compared with usual care in the short term. There was moderate-quality evidence that walking promotion was modestly effective for reducing pain and improving function compared with minimal intervention and usual care. There was no difference in pain and function for walking promotion compared to supervised exercise. Walking promotion was not associated with different rates of adverse events compared to control conditions.

Conclusion

Strategies to promote walking did not increase physical activity in people with musculoskeletal disorders. Walking promotion was associated with small improvements in pain and function compared to minimal intervention and usual care. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2020;50(11):597–606. doi:10.2519/jospt.2020.9666
New data on lithobiomorph centipedes (Chilopoda, Lithobiomorpha) from anthropogenic habitats of Siberia
Authors:   Altai State University, Barnaul, 656049, Russia, Nefediev P.S. ,   Tomsk State University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia,   Tomsk State University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia, Farzalieva G.Sh. ,   Perm State University, Perm, 614600, Russia,   Perm Regional Museum, Perm, 614000, Russia, Efimov D.A. ,   Kemerovo State University, Kemerovo, 650043, Russia
Published: November 2020

An annotated list of nine species of centipedes found in the urban, suburban, agricultural and anthropogenic habitats of Siberia is given. Lamyctes africanus (Porath, 1871) is recorded from Russia for the first time. Lamyctes emarginatus (Newport, 1844) is new for the fauna of the Republic of Altai, Lithobius nordenskioeldii Stuxberg, 1876 is new for Irkutskaya Oblast, and Lithobius lucifugus L. Koch, 1862 is newly reported from Kras¬noyarskii Krai and the Republic of Khakassia.
"CAMARILLA" BY ACADEMICIAN KOMAROV: MYTHS AND REALITY
Authors:   Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia, Bogatov V.V. , Urmina I.A. ,   Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Published: November 2020

The history of the origin and legitimacy of the use of the concept of “camarilla” in the memoir literature in relation to the surroundings of аcademician V.L. Komarov - President of the USSR Academy of Sciences in 1936–1945 is discussed.
ECLIPTA PROSTRATA (ASTERACEAE): RETURN TO FLORA OF THE PRIMORYE TERRITORY
Authors:   A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russia, Chubar E.A.
Published: November 2020

A new find of Eclipta prostrata is reported in the Primorye Territory, in the coast of the Sivuch’ya Inlet of the Peter the Great Gulf, in the protection zone of the Far Eastern Marine Natural Reserve. This cosmopolitan species, with a pantropic range, is currently also widespread in many areas of the temperate zone and is often associated with the cultivation of irrigated crops. The native range has not been established; it comes either from tropical Asia or from America. In East Asia, as a weed adventitious species, it is registered in Japan, Korea, and China. First indicated for Vladivostok in 1932, but was not registered in the Primorye Territory for more than 50 years. As an invasive taxon, it is included in the Pacific Island Flora monitoring system (a Product of the Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk project, PIER).
Metastatic endometrial carcinoma responsive to pembrolizumab
Authors: Gandham Goutham , Jayamohanan Hridya , Rajanbabu Anupama , Pavithran Keechilat
Published: November 2020

Carcinoma of the endometrium is the second most common and the fourth leading cause of mortality due to gynecological cancer among women worldwide. About 80% of endometrial carcinomas present as localized disease and have a 5-year survival rate of more than 95%. Most of the recurrent and metastatic endometrial cancers have a poor prognosis, and the response to chemotherapy is poor. The treatment options for advanced and recurrent endometrial carcinoma are limited. Several trials investigated the role of immune checkpoint inhibitors in endometrial cancer. Based on these trials, pembrolizumab was approved for individuals with unresectable recurrent or metastatic disease. In the current era of advancing immunotherapy, identification of mismatch repair deficiency or microsatellite instability status can predict response to drugs like pembrolizumab. Here, we report a 62-year-old lady with metastatic endometrial cancer who progressed on first-line therapy with lung and lymph nodal metastases. She was oxygen dependent and was bedridden. As she was not fit for chemotherapy, and her MSI status was found to be unstable, she was treated with pembrolizumab and had a remarkable recovery.
Identification of novel somatic cell-free DNA variants by next-generation sequencing in breast cancer patients
Authors: Raghu Aarthy , Balaiah Meenakumari , Veluswami Sridevi , Sundersingh Shirley , Thangarajan Rajkumar , Mani Samson
Published: November 2020

Objectives:

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease affecting women worldwide and is one of the leading causes of mortality in India. Sampling bias due to tumor heterogeneity and invasive nature of biopsies necessitate noninvasive methods for comprehensive tumor profiling. Circulating cell-free DNA presents a complete mutation profile of the tumor, enabling the non-invasive monitoring of disease in real-time. This study aimed to identify tumor-specific variants in cfDNA with potential applications in the liquid-biopsy based testing of breast cancer.

Material and Methods:

Next-generation sequencing was performed for cell-free DNA, lymphocyte DNA, and tumor DNA from 21 breast cancer patients. Variant calling was performed using Torrent Suite Server v.5.0 and somatic variants were annotated using web-based tools. Pathogenic variants detected in cell-free DNA and tumor DNA of three patients were validated by Sanger sequencing.

Results:

Fifty-nine somatic variants were detected in the cell-free DNA of 10 breast cancer patients. Hotspot variants were detected in PIK3CA, TP53, and KRAS genes. In addition, previously unreported missense variants in ABL1 and PIK3CA genes were predicted to be pathogenic and potential driver mutations. Several frameshift indels were detected in two triple negative breast cancer patients.

Conclusion:

Sequencing of cell-free DNA from breast cancer patients identified somatic variants including several potentially pathogenic variants which have not been reported previously. These variants may have potential applications as non-invasive biomarkers for breast cancer.
Clinical trials landscape in Sri Lanka
Authors: Wijesinghe Namal , Dahanayaka Anuradha , Jeevaraja Thanush , Weerawardena Shalomi , Ajanthan Saumiyah , Balasinghe Kavindi
Published: November 2020

Sri Lanka is an ideal destination for the global clinical trial industry due to its favorable national policies, growing economy, and rapid digitalization directly influencing the increasing global market size of clinical trials. Its comprehensive primary health care coverage, educated population, free standard of care, non-communicable disease burden equals to western countries, qualified medical practitioners, and a core of competent and committed clinical researchers combined with its population’s proficiency in English also make this South Asian nation a potentially excellent regional clinical trials destination. Making an environment favorable to research partnership while guaranteeing the safe and ethical conduct of clinical trials has been a repetitive subject for conversation and discussion in the nation. A robust regulatory framework and ethical reviewing process have minimized legal loopholes ensuring the rights, safety, and well-being of trial participants that are protected. The Sri Lanka Clinical Trials Registry is a non-revenue driven registry and it can be considered a key stimulus to the ongoing discussions on clinical trials in Sri Lanka. Moreover, the adoption of new technology in clinical research and the rise of the pharmaceutical industry encourages and creates opportunities for more clinical trials to be conducted in Sri Lanka which, in turn, influences the growth of the industry.