bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Happily ever after? ‘Successful ageing’ and the heterosexual imaginary
Authors: Marshall Barbara L
Published: July 2017

‘Successful ageing’ has been a controversial concept in cultural gerontology, prompting critiques of its inherent individualism, neglect of structural inequalities and promotion of neoliberal strategies of self-care. This article aims at developing the critique of its heteronormative underpinnings. Drawing on cultural gerontology, feminist theory and queer theory, a critique of the rhetoric and visual representation of ‘successful ageing’ is developed that demonstrates the extent to which ‘success’ is equated with enactments of normative, gendered heterosexuality. The intent is not to simply map the exclusion or marginalization of queer representations but to make visible the ways in which assumptions of heterosexuality organize the visual field of ‘successful ageing’. Using examples from ‘lifestyle’ magazines and health promotion materials aimed at mid-to-later life adults, I demonstrate how the promise of ‘heterohappiness’ shapes visions of anticipatory ageing. This article forms part of ‘Media and the Ageing Body’ Special Issue.
Fitness band accuracy in older community dwelling adults
Authors: Madigan Elizabeth A
Published: July 2017

Fitness bands are widely available and assist with tracking the number of steps taken. However, for older people with slow gaits, shorter step widths and/or use of ambulatory devices, the accuracy of fitness bands for step counting has not been well studied. Using four commercially available fitness bands (Garmin Vivofit2™, Fitbit Flex™, Up3™ and Microsoft Band™), we studied 30 older people with varying ambulatory abilities. We videotaped participants walking and compared the videotaped step count with the fitness band counts. Only 5 of the 30 participants had accurate readings within a ±20 percent accuracy for all four bands. There was no relationship between the step speed and accuracy of the fitness bands. Participants using walkers and walking sticks had none of the bands that met the ±20 percent accuracy. Canes were more variable with accuracy. Fitness band manufacturers may need to tune their algorithms for use by older people.
Empirical investigation of spark-ignited flame-initiation cycle-to-cycle variability in a homogeneous charge reciprocating engine
Authors: Schiffmann Philipp , Reuss David L , Sick Volker
Published: July 2017

This experimental study investigates the flame-initiation period variability in the spark-ignited homogeneous charge third-generation transparent combustion chamber optical engine. The engine was operated with lean, rich, and stoichiometric, propane and methane, with and without nitrogen dilution. These operating conditions were chosen to systematically change the unstretched laminar flame velocity and the Markstein number. Traditional pressure measures, apparent heat release analysis, particle image velocimetry, and OH* flame imaging were used to generate over 400 metrics for 750 cycles at each of the 34 tests at 11 operating conditions. A multivariate statistical analysis was used to identify the parameters important to the variability of the crank angle at 10% fuel mass fraction burned but could not reveal physical mechanisms or cause and effect. The analysis here revealed that the combustion-phasing cycle-to-cycle variability is established by the time of the notional laminar-to-turbulent flame transition that occurs by 1% mass burn fraction, measured here from the flame image growth. Both the Markstein number and stretched laminar flame speed were found to be important. The velocity magnitude and direction were found to correlate with fast and slow 10% fuel mass fraction burned as found in early literature. It was also revealed that the shear strength, a property of the strain rate tensor at the scales resolved here (1 mm), deserves further investigation as a possible effect on 10% fuel mass fraction burned.
Marking and providing feedback face-to-face: Staff and student perspectives
Authors: Chalmers Charlotte , Mowat Elaine , Chapman Maggie
Published: July 2017

The setting, marking and providing feedback on assessments form an important part of a tutor’s role. Studies into the use of feedback and how it is interpreted by students indicate a mismatch between what students are looking for and what tutors think they are giving. Tutors comment that students are more interested in the mark than the feedback, and yet students indicate that they do not get enough feedback or that it is not useful. This study investigates student and staff perceptions of the linking of marking and feedback in face-to-face sessions. A cohort of year 1 university students were given the option of receiving either written feedback or a 15-minute meeting with one of their tutors to have their essay marked with them. In all, 49 students chose face-to-face marking, and the remaining 35 students received written feedback. Focus groups were used to investigate the student experience. Staff members were also asked to reflect on the process. Students and staff found the experience of face-to-face marking beneficial and positive. Both felt that the time spent together allowed for a feedback dialogue about the piece of work and that staff could explain and justify why marks were given.
Effects of learning design patterns in service learning courses
Authors: Gerholz Karl-Heinz , Liszt Verena , Klingsieck Katrin B
Published: July 2017

Students participate during service learning courses in a service project, which fits to a community need and has a link to curricular content. Students have a chance while engaged in the service project to apply curricular content in community practice, where they gain insights into civic engagement activities. Empirical studies revealed the effects of service learning, such as its influence on the self-concept, self-efficacy or attitudes to be engaged. However, a lack of research regarding the link between learning design patterns and the effectiveness of service learning can be found. Learning design patterns are teaching or methodical interventions to support the learning and service process of the students. This article presents a study on the experiences of students and charitable organizations in a service learning course concerning the learning design patterns. A mixed-methods design including questionnaires and interviews has been used. Significant effects regarding students’ development of their self-efficacy, self-concept and attitude to being engaged were found. The qualitative results provide a deeper understanding of these changes, including the different perspectives from students and from charitable organizations. The results show differences in the learning design patterns perceived and its support for the service and learning process.
Expert group institutionalization and task expansion in European education policy-making
Authors: Elken Mari
Published: July 2017

The role of expertise has been considered as an important feature in EU governance processes, not least in the context of soft governance and policy coordination. This article focuses on how an advisory group can, over a short period of time, acquire a high degree of stability and legitimacy in a sector where joint action falls under the subsidiarity principle, and joint policy coordination on a European level has traditionally been difficult. With the introduction of the European Qualifications Framework (EQF) in 2008, an expert group (European Qualifications Framework Advisory Group, EQFAG) was created to support the national processes. From being established as a temporary expert group it became an informal advisory group in the area of lifelong learning, bridging the European and national levels in terms of debates for future action.
The rhetoric of the ‘digital leap’ in Finnish educational policy documents
Authors: Saari Antti , Säntti Janne
Published: July 2017

This article discusses the rhetorical strategies in Finnish educational policy documents dealing with digitalization. The documents argue that the national education system is in dire need of digital technologies in order to modernize its pedagogy and secure national economic competitiveness. Finnish municipalities, schools and teachers have high levels of autonomy in implementing curricula, so there is a challenge to them to adopt digitalization at all levels of education.
Reinventing Flashcards to Increase Student Learning
Authors: Senzaki Sawa , Hackathorn Jana , Appleby Drew C. , Gurung Regan A. R.
Published: July 2017

Two studies examined the effectiveness of a flashcard-based study strategy, Flashcards-Plus, in an ecologically valid context. The strategy requires students to create flashcards designed to increase their ability to retain, comprehend, and apply textbook material to exams. In Studies 1a ( n = 73) and 1b ( n = 62), we introduced all students to the Flashcards-Plus method and compared their exam scores. Students who used this strategy scored significantly higher than those who did not. In Study 2 ( n = 434), we randomly assigned six introductory psychology courses to either receive a classroom lecture with the Flashcards-Plus strategy (i.e., three experimental courses) or no lecture (i.e., three control courses). Students in the experimental courses scored significantly higher than those in the control courses after the lecture. The results from all three studies demonstrate that students who were introduced to the Flashcards-Plus study strategy scored significantly higher on exams following the lecture than students who were not. These findings suggest that this easily implemented teaching strategy can help students achieve deeper levels of processing (i.e., comprehension and application) in a self-directed manner, which benefit students’ performance.
The neoliberalization of higher education in England: An alternative is possible
Authors: Maisuria Alpesh , Cole Mike
Published: July 2017

In this article, we provide a critical explanation and critique of neoliberalism. We attempt an innovative focus ranging from the wider contemporary political and ideological shifts, to the way in which neoliberal policy specifically influences higher education and the consequences thereof. We follow a narrative logic in three parts where we first explore the bigger picture, then concentrate on specific examples, finally taking a long-term perspective with regard to class struggle. In the first part, we lay out neoliberalism and explicate its basic principles in abstraction. This is necessary for part two, where we contextualize neoliberalism specifically within the English higher education system with specific reference to the policy agenda of successive governments since 1979. In the third and final part of the article we suggest an alternative higher education model that simultaneously exists and flourishes along with and against the neoliberal hegemony. We conclude by suggesting the strengthening possibility of class formation and struggle in this moment of history when neoliberalism is expanding and deepening.
Endovascular Therapy Outcomes and Intravascular Ultrasound Findings in Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger’s Disease)
Authors: Kawarada Osami , Kume Teruyoshi , Ayabe Shinobu , Nakaya Takako , Nakai Michikazu , Nishimura Kunihiro , Noguchi Teruo , Yokoi Yoshiaki , Ogawa Hisao , Yasuda Satoshi
Published: July 2017

Purpose: To investigate outcomes of contemporary endovascular therapy and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) findings in thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) patients. Methods: Between April 2007 and January 2016, 20 patients (mean age 45±8 years; 16 men) underwent endovascular therapy for TAO-related lesions in 25 consecutive limbs. Subjects exhibited a broad array of clinical symptoms, including critical limb ischemia (n=15) and claudication (10) in the lower (n=20) and upper (n=5) limbs. Results: Procedure success was achieved in 24 (96%) limbs (complete success in 16 and partial success in 8), all of which exhibited improvements of at least 1 grade of the Rutherford category. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that reintervention-free rates were 81.9% (95% CI 0.586 to 0.928) at 6 months and 71.7% at 10 months (95% CI 0.473 to 0.862). IVUS was performed in 20 limbs and revealed unique findings, including the “bull’s-eye” appearance, “lotus-root” appearance, and “bunch of grapes” appearance. During a mean follow-up of 26±19 months, the limb salvage rate was 100% with no deaths. Conclusion: Contemporary endovascular therapy might be able to serve as a potential option for TAO patients with lower and upper limb symptoms. Liberal application of IVUS could help us understand the pathology of TAO to support endovascular therapy for TAO.
Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jian Pi Li Gan Decoction, Improved Survival of Nonresectable Hepatocellular Cancer After Radiofrequency Ablation: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Tang Chengwu , Feng Wenming , Qin Lianjin , Bao Ying
Published: July 2017

Objective:To observe the effect of Jian Pi Li Gan Decoction (JPLGD) on long-term survival of nonresectable hepatocellular cancer (HCC) after radiofrequency ablation (RFA). Methods: Between January 2010 and February 2013, 95 patients with nonresectable HCC treated by RFA in our hospital were enrolled, of whom 47 patients received JPLGD accompanying RFA (JPLGD group), and 48 patients received RFA alone (control group). Medical records of these patients were retrospectively analyzed. Long-term survival, complication, and treatment event were compared. Results: Baseline characteristics did not differ between the 2 groups. No significant adverse effects or toxicities related to herbal medicine were found. The JPLGD group had significantly less liver failure (3/47 vs 10/48, P = .0405) and a higher treatment success rate than the control group (44/47 vs 37/48, P = .0230). The 3-year overall survival probability was significantly higher in the JPLGD group ( P = .0175). Conclusion: JPLGD has the potential to effectively and safely improve long-term survival of nonresectable HCC by increasing treatment success of RFA.
Inverse solution to heat transfer coefficient during heat assembly of aluminum alloy drill pipes
Authors: Sun Youhong , Wang Xiaofeng , Liu Baochang , Ding Dali , Meng Qingnan
Published: July 2017

With the rapid development of oil and gas industry, as well as geological exploration industry, the requirements on properties of aluminum alloy drill pipes are increasing. During heat assembly of aluminum alloy drill pipes, the cooling process inside the pipes has a direct impact on the connection performance of pipes. Thus, study of the convective heat transfer coefficient between the cooling water and the internal wall of aluminum alloy pipes is important. Conventional algorithms cannot easily solve the problem of determining the heat transfer coefficient at the complex structure of aluminum alloy drill pipes. Therefore, this article conducts a heat assembly experiment between aluminum alloy drill pipes and steel joints to obtain adequate, accurate temperature data. Based on these experimental data and an inverse heat conduction model, the heat transfer coefficients during the heat assembly process are determined by a finite element program and the differential evolution algorithm. The correlation curve between the cooling water flowrate and the convective heat transfer coefficient obtained in this article is important in the accurate prediction of heat transfer capacity and temperature field distribution during heat assembly at different cooling water flowrates. The analysis results show that the heat transfer coefficients are nonlinear functions of cooling water flowrates. The temperature is highest at location A1 and gradually declines backward along the axis of the drill pipe. The heat transfer coefficient gradually declines backward along the axis of the drill pipe. The increasing flowrate of cooling water will cause the convective heat transfer coefficient along the axis of the drill pipe to escalate irregularly.
Using multiple performance characteristics to optimize the percent zinc coating balances edge joints of galvanized steel sheets for metal inert gas pulse brazing process
Authors: Songsorn Khasempong , Sriprateep Keartisak , Rittidech Sampan
Published: July 2017

In this article, an optimization technique using the Taguchi method with multiple performance characteristics for the percent zinc coating balances edge joints of galvanized steel sheets for metal inert gas pulse brazing process was proposed. The orthogonal array, multi-response signal-to-noise ratio, and analysis of variance were employed to study the performance characteristics. Five metal inert gas pulse brazing process parameters, namely, wire feed speed, arc voltages, travel speed, peak currents, and pulse frequency, were optimized with considerations of multiple performance characteristics including percent zinc coating balances edge joints. Experimental results were provided to confirm the effectiveness of this approach. The optimum metal inert gas pulse brazing technique conditions were wire feed speed of 3.25 m/min, arc voltages of 18 V, travel speed of 0.8 m/min, peak currents of 425 A, and pulse frequency of 35 Hz. Confirmation tests of the optimal levels with the initial cutting parameters are carried out in order to illustrate the effectiveness of this method in metal inert gas pulse brazing technique for galvanized steel sheets.
Passive gripper inspired by Manduca sexta and the Fin Ray® Effect
Authors: Crooks Whitney , Rozen-Levy Shane , Trimmer Barry , Rogers Chris , Messner William
Published: July 2017

Soft robotic grippers are advantageous for tasks in which a robot comes into close contact with a human, must handle a delicate object, or needs to conform to an object. Most soft robotic grippers, like their hard counterparts, require actuation to maintain a grip on an object. Here, we present a passive, soft robotic gripper that requires power to open and close but not to maintain a grip, which can be problematic in environments with limited energy availability (e.g. solar or battery power). Passive grip, by not requiring power to maintain grip on an object, provides a unique and safe alternative to energy-limited or energy-scarce environments. The Tufts Passive Gripper was inspired by the passive grip of the Manduca sexta and the simplicity of the Fin Ray® Effect. The gripper can be three-dimensional printed as one part on a multimaterial three-dimensional printer and only requires four additional steps to install the motor/tendon actuation mechanism. The gripper was capable of picking up over 40 common household objects, including a tissue, a pen, silverware, a needle, a stapler, a cup, and so on. The maximum load a gripper could hold when oriented perpendicular and parallel to the ground was 530 g (1 lb) and 240 g (0.5 lb), respectively.
Living in the end times through popular culture: An ultra-realist analysis of The Walking Dead as popular criminology
Authors: Raymen Thomas
Published: July 2017

This article provides an ultra-realist analysis of AMC’s The Walking Dead as a form of ‘popular criminology’. It is argued here that dystopian fiction such as The Walking Dead offers an opportunity for a popular criminology to address what criminologists have described as our discipline’s aetiological crisis in theorizing harmful and violent subjectivities. The social relations, conditions and subjectivities displayed in dystopian fiction are in fact an exacerbation or extrapolation of our present norms, values and subjectivities, rather than a departure from them, and there are numerous real-world criminological parallels depicted within The Walking Dead’s postapocalyptic world. As such, the show possesses a hard kernel of Truth that is of significant utility in progressing criminological theories of violence and harmful subjectivity. The article therefore explores the ideological function of dystopian fiction as the fetishistic disavowal of the dark underbelly of liberal capitalism; and views the show as an example of the ultra-realist concepts of special liberty, the criminal undertaker and the pseudopacification process in action. In drawing on these cutting-edge criminological theories, it is argued that we can use criminological analyses of popular culture to provide incisive insights into the real-world relationship between violence and capitalism, and its proliferation of harmful subjectivities.
Liver injury and glatiramer acetate, an uncommon association: case report and literature review
Authors: Almeida Javier , Solà-Valls Nuria , Pose Elisa , Blanco Yolanda , Sepúlveda María , Llufriu Sara , Gines Pere , Saiz Albert
Published: July 2017

We report the case of a 65-year-old woman who presented with a 1-month history of progressive paraparesia associated with a thoracic lesion with irregular ring-like gadolinium enhancement. Biopsy of the lesion confirmed the demyelinating origin and brain magnetic resonance imaging showed additional lesions demonstrative of dissemination in space. Immunomodulatory therapy with glatiramer acetate (GA) was started after having a second relapse 2 months later. Shortly after initiation, the patient developed acute hepatitis. Liver function tests returned to normal values 5 months after discontinuation and the patient was diagnosed with drug-induced liver injury (DILI) associated with GA. A literature review identified 11 previous cases of GA-related liver injury associated with two specific mechanisms: DILI (seven cases) and autoimmune hepatitis (four cases). Despite the fact that GA hepatic toxicity is uncommon and laboratory monitoring is not required during GA therapy, it should be considered at least in some special conditions such as comorbidities and previous history of DILI associated with other drugs.
Patient and clinician perspectives of an integrated electronic medication prescribing and dispensing system: A qualitative study at a multisite Australian hospital network
Authors: Lau Grace , Ho Jayde , Lin Susan , Yeoh Karen , Wan Tiffany , Hodgkinson Marisa
Published: July 2017

Background:

While clinician attitudes towards electronic prescribing (e-prescribing) systems have been widely studied, little is known about the perspectives of patients, despite being the primary beneficiaries of these systems.

Objective:

The objective of this study is to explore and compare patient and clinician attitudes towards an integrated e-prescribing and dispensing system, in order to guide improvements in system implementation, service delivery and enhancements to system functionality.

Method:

A cross-sectional survey was developed and administered to patients and multidisciplinary clinicians at a multisite Australian metropolitan teaching hospital network in all areas where e-prescribing was fully implemented. Participants’ views on perceived impact and valued features of the e-prescribing system were elucidated.

Results:

Overall, 783 participants (400 patients and 383 clinicians) completed the survey. Although 98% of clinicians were aware of the transition to e-prescriptions, only 36% of patients were aware prior to the study. Over 80% of patients and clinicians perceived improvements in prescribing and dispensing safety and clinician workflow; 90% of patients were comfortable with information privacy associated with e-prescriptions; and 86% of patients preferred e-prescriptions to handwritten prescriptions. Although over 80% of patients valued features that improved access to information and medication safety, clinicians were more discerning about valued system features.

Conclusion:

The majority of patients and clinicians reported a positive impact of e-prescribing on safety and efficiency. Both groups valued safe and effective use of medicines, although differences existed in the importance placed on key system features. A greater focus on patient engagement and communication is needed to optimise the delivery of patient-centred care.
Evaluation of the awareness and effectiveness of IT security programs in a large publicly funded health care system
Authors: Hepp Shelanne L , Tarraf Rima C , Birney Arden , Arain Mubashir Aslam
Published: July 2017

Background:

Electronic health records are becoming increasingly common in the health care industry. Although information technology (IT) poses many benefits to improving health care and ease of access to information, there are also security and privacy risks. Educating health care providers is necessary to ensure proper use of health information systems and IT and reduce undesirable outcomes.

Objective:

This study evaluated employees’ awareness and perceptions of the effectiveness of two IT educational training modules within a large publicly funded health care system in Canada.

Method:

Semi-structured interviews and focus groups included a variety of professional roles within the organisation. Participants also completed a brief demographic data sheet. With the consent of participants, all interviews and focus groups were audio recorded. Thematic analysis and descriptive statistics were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the IT security training modules.

Results:

Five main themes emerged: (i) awareness of the IT training modules, (ii) the content of modules, (iii) staff perceptions about differences between IT security and privacy issues, (iv) common breaches of IT security and privacy, and (v) challenges and barriers to completing the training program. Overall, nonclinical staff were more likely to be aware of the training modules than were clinical staff. We found e-learning was a feasible way to educate a large number of employees. However, health care providers required a module on IT security and privacy that was relatable and applicable to their specific roles.

Conclusion:

Strategies to improve staff education and mitigate against IT security and privacy risks are discussed. Future research should focus on integrating health IT competencies into the educational programs for health care professionals.
Psychedelic drug use in healthy individuals: A review of benefits, costs, and implications for drug policy
Authors: Elsey James W.B.
Published: July 2017

The potential of psychedelic drugs in the treatment of mental health problems is increasingly being recognized. However, relatively little thrust has been given to the suggestion that individuals without any mental health problems may benefit from using psychedelic drugs, and that they may have a right to do so. This review considers contemporary research into the use of psychedelic drugs in healthy individuals, including neurobiological and subjective effects. In line with findings suggesting positive effects in the treatment of mental health problems, such research highlights the potential of psychedelic drugs for the enhancement of wellbeing even in healthy individuals. The relatively low risk associated with usage does not appear to align with stringent drug laws that impose heavy penalties for their use. Some policy implications, and suggestions for future research, are considered.
Biventricular Repair in Interrupted Aortic Arch Type C With Aortic Atresia
Authors: Malankar Dhananjay P. , Glatz Andrew C. , Weinberg Paul M. , Gaynor James W.
Published: July 2017

We report a case of interrupted aortic arch type C with aortic atresia and a ventricular septal defect with two well-developed ventricles, who underwent a successful single-stage biventricular repair with the modified Yasui procedure and arch reconstruction. Angiography done during conduit revision showed bilateral brachiocephalic trunks with high branching. The child is doing well six years after the initial operation.
Living With Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Monterosso Leanne , Taylor Karen , Platt Violet , Lobb Elizabeth , Musiello Toni , Bulsara Caroline , Stratton Kendall , Joske David , Krishnasamy Meinir
Published: July 2017

Purpose:

To describe the unmet informational, psychological, emotional, social, practical, and physical needs and preferences for posttreatment survivorship care of individuals living with multiple myeloma to inform the development of relevant, person-centered, survivorship services.

Methods:

An exploratory, descriptive study using 2 focus groups with 14 participants, 6 to 49 months postdiagnosis.

Results:

Thematic analysis revealed 7 key themes: information needs, experience with health-care professionals, coping with side effects, communicating with family and friends, dealing with emotions, support needs, and living with the chronicity of myeloma. Participants described key characteristics of survivorship care relevant to their needs and indicated they would like a more whole of person approach to follow-up when the main treatment phases had completed.

Conclusion:

Participants in this study described unmet needs across a breadth of domains that varied over time. The development of flexible, person-centered approaches to comprehensive survivorship care is needed to address the considerable quality-of-life issues experienced by people living with multiple myeloma. Nurse-led care may offer 1 viable model to deliver enhanced patient experience—providing the vital “link” that people described as missing from their survivorship care.
Practice-Based Evidence
Authors: Eppley Karen , Shannon Patrick
Published: July 2017

We have two goals for this article: to question the efficacy of evidence-based practice as the foundation of reading education policy and to propose practice-based evidence as a viable, more socially just alternative. In order to reach these goals, we describe the limits of reading policies of the last half century and argue for the possibilities of policies aimed at more equitable distribution of academic literacies among all social groups, recognition of subaltern groups’ literacies, and representation of the local in regional and global decision making.
A Short and Convertible Humeral Stem for Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Goetzmann Thomas , Molé Daniel , Aisene Benjamin , Neyton Lionel , Godeneche Arnaud , Walch Gilles , Sirveaux Francois , Jacquot Adrien
Published: July 2017

Introduction

As the revision number of shoulder arthroplasties increases, we focused on the difficulties of extracting or converting the humeral stem. The purpose of this multicentric study was to assess the outcomes and the radiographic results of a new, short, and convertible humeral stem (Aequalis Ascend™ Flex, Tornier SAS–Wright Medical Inc®, Bloomington, MN, USA), which could settle these complex revision problems.

Methods

Sixty-six primary shoulder replacements were enrolled with an average follow-up of 25.6 months (24–30.8 months). There were 24 reversed shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) and 42 anatomical shoulder arthroplasty. The functional outcomes were evaluated with the Constant-Murley score (CS) and the active range of motion. Humeral stems were radiologically analyzed at the last follow-up with special care to mechanical complications and bone resorption.

Results

The average CS improved from 30 preoperatively to 74 postoperatively ( P < .0001) for anatomical shoulder replacements and from 21 to 63 ( P < .0001) for RSA. The active anterior elevation and external rotation improved from 97° and 6° to 163° and 46°, respectively, for anatomical prosthesis ( P < .0001) and from 79° and 10° to 139° and 28°, respectively, for RSA ( P < .0001). No mechanical complication or loosening was reported. The comparison between postoperative and last follow-up X-rays showed a tendency to medial cortical bone thinning in some cases without any clinical relevance.

Conclusion

Two years follow-up of this short stem showed promising clinical and radiographic results without implant-related complication. Further X-rays study would be necessary. Level of evidence: IV
Vymazalováite, Pd3Bi2S2, a new mineral from the Noril'sk-Talnakh deposit, Krasnoyarskiy region, Russia
Authors: Sluzhenikin Sergei F. , Kozlov Vladimir V. , Stanley Chris J. , Lukashova Maria L. , Dicks Keith
Published: July 2017

Vymazalováite, Pd3Bi2S2 is a new platinum-group mineral discovered in the Komsomolsky mine of the Talnakh deposit, Noril'sk district, Russia. It forms small (from a few μm to 20–35 µm) inclusions or euhedral grains in intergrowths of polarite, sobolevskite, acanthite and unnamed (Pd,Ag)5BiS2 in aggregates (up to ~200 µm) in galena and rarely in chalcopyrite. It occurs with telargpalite, cooperite, braggite, vysotskite, sopcheite, stibiopalladinite, sobolevskite, moncheite, kotulskite, malyshevite, insizwaite, Au-bearing silver and the newly described mineral kravtsovite (PdAg2S) in association with pyrite, chalcopyrite and galena in vein-disseminated mineralization in skarn rocks. Synthetic vymazalováite is brittle; it has a metallic lustre and a grey streak. In plane-polarized reflected light, vymazalováite is creamy grey and appears slightly brownish against galena in the assemblage with chalcopyrite. It exhibits no internal reflections. Average reflectance values in air for natural and synthetic vymazalováite are (R natural, R synthetic in %) are: 46.35, 45.7 at 470 nm, 47.65, 47.45 at 546 nm, 48.5, 48.2 at 589 nm and 49.5, 49.0 at 650 nm. Seven electron probe micro-analyses of vymazalováite give an average composition: Pd 40.42, Bi 49.15, Ag 0.55, Pb 1.02, S 7.77 and Se 0.26, total 99.17 wt.%, corresponding to the empirical formula Pd3.05(Bi1.89Ag0.04Pb0.04)Σ1.97(S1.95Se0.03)Σ1.98 based on a total of 7 atoms per formula unit. The simplified formula is Pd3Bi2S2. The mineral is cubic, space group I213, with a = 8.3097(9) Å, V = 573.79(1) Å3 and Z = 4. The density calculated on the basis of the empirical formula and cell dimensions of synthetic vymazalováite is 9.25 g/cm3. The strongest lines in the powder X-ray diffraction pattern of synthetic vymazalováite [d in Å (I) (hkl)] are: 4.15(32)(200), 2.93(78)(220), 2.40(100)(220), 2.08(53)(400), 1.695(34)(422), 1.468(35)(440) and 1.252(31)(622). The structural identity of natural vymazalováite with synthetic Pd3Bi2S2 was confirmed by electron back-scatter diffraction measurements on the natural sample. This new mineral honours Dr Anna Vymazalová of the Czech Geological Survey, Prague.
Cross‐sectional associations between variations in ankle shape by statistical shape modeling, injury history, and race: the Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project
Authors: Nelson Amanda E. , Golightly Yvonne M. , Lateef Shahmeer , Renner Jordan B. , Jordan Joanne M. , Aspden Richard M. , Hillstrom Howard , Gregory Jennifer S.
Published: July 2017

Background

Injury is an important risk factor for osteoarthritis (OA), a highly prevalent and disabling joint disease. Joint shape is linked to OA, but the interplay of injury and joint shape and their combined role in OA, particularly at the ankle, is not well known. Therefore, we explored cross‐sectional associations between ankle shape and injury in a large community‐based cohort.

Methods

Ankles without radiographic OA were selected from the current data collection of the Johnston County OA Project. Ankles with self‐reported prior injury were included as injury cases (n = 108) along with 1:1 randomly selected non‐injured ankles. To define ankle shape, a 68 point model on weight‐bearing lateral ankle radiographs was entered into a statistical shape model, producing a mean shape and a set of continuous variables (modes) representing variation in that shape. Nineteen modes, explaining 80% of shape variance, were simultaneously included in a logistic regression model with injury status as the dependent variable, adjusted for intra‐person correlation, sex, race, body mass index (BMI), baseline OA radiographic grade, and baseline symptoms.

Results

A total of 194 participants (213 ankles) were included; mean age 71 years, BMI 30 kg/m2, 67% white and 71% women. Injured ankles were more often symptomatic and from whites. In a model adjusted only for intra‐person correlation, associations were seen between injury status and modes 1, 6, 13, and 19. In a fully adjusted model, race strongly affected the estimate for mode 1 (which was no longer statistically significant).

Conclusions

This study showed variations in ankle shape and history of injury as well as with race. These novel findings may indicate a change in ankle morphology following injury, or that ankle morphology predisposes to injury, and suggest that ankle shape is a potentially important factor in the development of ankle OA.
Understanding the public sector pay gap
Authors: Campos Maria M. , Depalo Domenico , Papapetrou Evangelia , Pérez Javier J. , Ramos Roberto
Published: July 2017

We uncover the short- and long-run structural determinants of the existing cross-country heterogeneity in public-private pay differentials for a broad set of OECD countries. We explore micro data (EU-SILC, 2004–2012) and macro data (1970–2014). Three results stand out. First, when looking at pay gaps based on individual data, more than half of the cross-sectional variation of the sample can be accounted for by the degree of exposure to international competition, as well as by the size of the public sector labor force and its composition (i.e., the intensity in the provision of pure public goods), while labor market institutions play a very limited role. Second, we find that in some countries, pay gaps have narrowed down significantly during the recent financial crisis, this decrease being explained by the widespread process of fiscal consolidation rather than by changes in the previous factors. Third, we show that in the log run, openness to international trade and improvements in the institutional quality of governments are associated with decreases in the public-private wage gap. Our findings can be rationalized by a body of research stressing noncompetitive wage settlements in the public sector.
Can public works programs reduce youth crime? Evidence from Papua New Guinea’s Urban Youth Employment Project
Authors: Ivaschenko Oleksiy , Naidoo Darian , Newhouse David , Sultan Sonya
Published: July 2017

Crime rates in Papua New Guinea’s capital city of Port Moresby are among the highest in the world. Few youth work, and good jobs are scarce. In 2013, the National Capital District Commission partnered with the World Bank to implement the Urban Youth Employment Project. The project offers out-of-school and out-of-work youth 2 months of public works employment or, for academically qualified candidates, 6 months of classroom and on-the-job training. This paper presents difference-in-differences estimates of project impacts on participants’ social and criminal behavior, 12 to 18 months after completion. The control group consists of observably similar youth living in areas not served by the program. Project participants became less likely to hang out with friends at night, have a best friend involved in crime, and have friends involved in fights or robberies. The program also increased subsequent employment rates and significantly reduced aggressive behavior and gratuitous property damage. However, there is little robust evidence that the program reduced participants’ engagement in or exposure to crime. The study concludes that the program had strong and healthy effects on participants’ peer group and behavior, but more limited effects on the socio-economic causes of crime.
Comprehensive Analysis of the Unfolded Protein Response in Breast Cancer Subtypes
Authors: Jiang Dadi , Turner Brandon , Song Jie , Li Ruijiang , Diehn Maximilian , Le Quynh-Thu , Khatri Purvesh , Koong Albert C.
Published: July 2017

Purpose

Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are associated with a worse prognosis and patients with TNBC have fewer therapeutic options than patients with non-TNBC. Recently, the IRE1α-XBP1 branch of the unfolded protein response (UPR) was implicated in TNBC prognosis on the basis of a relatively small patient population, suggesting the diagnostic and therapeutic value of this pathway in TNBCs. In addition, the IRE1α-XBP1 and hypoxia-induced factor 1 α (HIF1α) pathways have been identified as interacting partners in TNBC, suggesting a novel mechanism of regulation. To comprehensively evaluate and validate these findings, we investigated the relative activities and relevance to patient survival of the UPR and HIF1α pathways in different breast cancer subtypes in large populations of patients.

Materials and Methods

We performed a comprehensive analysis of gene expression and survival data from large cohorts of patients with breast cancer. The patients were stratified based on the average expression of the UPR or HIF1α gene signatures.

Results

We identified a strong positive association between the XBP1 gene signature and estrogen receptor–positive status or the HIF1α gene signature, as well as the predictive value of the XBP1 gene signature for survival of patients who are estrogen receptor negative, or have TNBC or HER2+. In contrast, another important UPR branch, the ATF4/CHOP pathway, lacks prognostic value in breast cancer in general. Activity of the HIF1α pathway is correlated with patient survival in all the subtypes evaluated.

Conclusion

These findings clarify the relevance of the UPR pathways in different breast cancer subtypes and underscore the potential therapeutic importance of the IRE1α-XBP1 branch in breast cancer treatment.
Effect of an Acute Bout of Endurance Exercise on Serum 25(OH)D Concentrations in Young Adults
Authors: Sun Xiaomin , Cao Zhen-Bo , Taniguchi Hirokazu , Tanisawa Kumpei , Higuchi Mitsuru
Published: July 2017

Context

Regular exercise or high physical activity levels are associated with higher serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations; however, the effect of acute exercise on serum 25(OH)D concentrations remains unclear.

Objective

We aimed to clarify whether acute endurance exercise has a direct effect on the circulating 25(OH)D concentrations in young adults.

Design and Setting

Exercise intervention trial in an institutional practice.

Patients

Twenty young, active adults (males, n = 10; females, n = 10).

Interventions

Participants were asked to perform a cycling exercise for 30 minutes at 70% maximal oxygen uptake.

Main Outcome Measures

The serum concentrations of 25(OH)D and other blood parameters were assessed before exercise and at 0, 0.5, 1, 3, and 24 hours after exercise.

Results

The serum 25(OH)D concentrations were significantly increased not only at 0 (P < 0.01), 1 (P < 0.05), and 3 hours (P < 0.01) after exercise, but they were also increased at 24 hours (P < 0.05) after acute endurance exercise in young adults. A significant sex × time interaction effect was observed (P < 0.05), and the incremental areas under the curve for the 25(OH)D concentrations were significantly higher in men than in the women (P < 0.01).

Conclusions

There is a direct effect of endurance exercise on serum 25(OH)D concentrations. In addition, sex disparity was observed in the serum 25(OH)D response to acute endurance exercise, and the increase in 25(OH)D concentrations was greater in men than in women.
Fatal Carney Complex in Siblings Due to De Novo Large Gene Deletion
Authors: Stelmachowska-Banaś Maria , Zgliczyński Wojciech , Tutka Piotr , Carney J Aidan , Korbonits Márta
Published: July 2017

Context

Carney complex (CNC) is a rare multiple neoplasia syndrome involving cardiac, endocrine, neural, and cutaneous tumors and a variety of pigmented skin lesions. CNC can be inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, but in about one-third of patients, the disease is caused by de novo mutation in the PRKAR1A gene localized on chromosome 17q22-24. Most of the mutations include single base substitutions and small deletions/insertions not exceeding 15 base pairs. Recently, large germline PRKAR1A deletions have been described and may cause a more severe phenotype.

Case Description

Herein, we report the cases of two siblings with CNC with a de novo large deletion of 107 kb at 17q24.2 associated with acromegaly in both and primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease, cardiac myxoma, and lethal metastatic melanotic schwannian tumor at the age of 27 years in one of them, supporting the hypothesis that large deletions of PRKAR1A lead to severe disease.

Conclusions

To our knowledge, this is the first description of familial CNC in siblings in which neither parent carried the deletion in blood-derived DNA, suggesting that one of them had germ cell mosaicism for this deletion. Testing for large gene deletions should be obtained in all patients who meet the diagnostic criteria for CNC but do not have a PRKAR1A mutation by Sanger sequencing.
Non-canonical WOX11-mediated root branching contributes to plasticity in Arabidopsis root system architecture
Authors: Sheng Lihong , Hu Xiaomei , Du Yujuan , Zhang Guifang , Huang Hai , Scheres Ben , Xu Lin
Published: July 2017

Lateral roots (LRs), which originate from the growing root, and adventitious roots (ARs), which are formed from non-root organs, are main contributors to the post-embryonic root system in Arabidopsis. However, our knowledge of how the root system is plastically formed in response to diverse inductive cues is limited. Here we show that WOX11 contributes to root system plasticity. When seedlings are grown vertically on medium, WOX11 is not expressed in LR founder cells. During AR initiation, WOX11 is expressed in AR founder cells and activates LBD16. LBD16 also functions in LR formation and is activated in that context by ARF7/19 and not by WOX11. This indicates that divergent initial processes that lead to ARs and LRs may converge on the similar mechanism for primordium development. Furthermore, we demonstrated that when plants are grown in soil or upon wounding on medium, the primary root is able to produce both WOX11-mediated and non-WOX11-mediated roots. The discovery of WOX11-mediated root-derived roots reveals a previously uncharacterized pathway that confers plasticity during the generation of root system architecture in response to different inductive cues.
A Skeptical View of Financialized Corporate Governance
Authors: Admati Anat R.
Published: July 2017

Managerial compensation typically relies on financial yardsticks, such as profits, stock prices, and return on equity, to achieve alignment between the interests of managers and shareholders. But financialized governance may not actually work well for most shareholders, and even when it does, significant tradeoffs and inefficiencies can arise from the conflict between maximizing financialized measures and society's broader interests. Effective governance requires that those in control are accountable for actions they take. However, those who control and benefit most from corporations' success are often able to avoid accountability. The history of corporate governance includes a parade of scandals and crises that have caused significant harm. After each, most key individuals tend to minimize their own culpability. Common claims from executives, boards of directors, auditors, rating agencies, politicians, and regulators include “we just didn't know,” “we couldn't have predicted,” or “it was just a few bad apples.” Economists, as well, may react to corporate scandals and crises with their own version of “we just didn't know,” as their models had ruled out certain possibilities. Effective governance of institutions in the private and public sectors should make it much more difficult for individuals in these institutions to get away with claiming that harm was out of their control when in reality they had encouraged or enabled harmful misconduct, and ought to have taken action to prevent it.