bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nighttime Automobile/Pedestrian Accidents; Driver View: Whence Pedestrian?
Authors: Dixon Harry S.
Published: August 2021

The title seeks to ask the question, For a nighttime automobile/pedestrian accident as seen from the viewpoint of the driver, was the pedestrian coming from the left-hand side of the driver or from the right-hand side? The purpose of this material is to answer the question based upon 30 years of activity involving 11 consecutive cases with six people killed in which the pedestrian was coming from the left-hand side of the driver. Answers to the questions: Why and what should be done to alleviate this situation, are also given. The magnitude of this type of accident is that there are more than 4,000 deaths in the United States annually. No statistics have been located that speak to the question. A later paper will give the viewpoint of the pedestrian.
Leaning Bridge Piers
Authors: Leonard Roy J.
Published: August 2021

Relocation of a major county road in the Midwest required the construction of a five-span, 3 19 foot long bridge over a creek. Each pier consisted of a reinforced concrete panel 56 feet high, 22 feet wide and 2 feet thick, with a top cap and a footing. All footings were 10 by 26 by 2 feet in size and were founded on shale at depths varying from 15 to 20 feet beneath the existing alluvium. As specified by the design engineer, after the piers had been completed, the approach fills were installed with normal earth moving equipment. After the abutment piling with caps had been constructed, it was discovered by span measurements that the piers were out of plumb. One was tilted so badly that the design engineer ordered it replaced by the contractor at no cost to the county. He claimed that the procedures and methods of backfilling around the piers were at fault. In response, the contractor said that he had followed the specifications and his whole operation had been witnessed by the d
Investigation of the Collapse of LAmbiance Plaza
Authors: Scribner Charles F.
Published: August 2021

Results from an investigation of the collapse of the LAmbiance Plaza building on April 23, 1987 are presented. The building was being constructed using the lift-slab method; collapse occurred during construction. The investigation included examination of debris at the site of the collapse, review of eyewitness accounts of the collapse, review of project documentation, laboratory and field tests and analyses of the structure. Several potential failure mechanisms were investigated. The most probable cause of the collapse was determined to be loss of support at a lifting jack in the west tower during placement of a group of three floor slabs. The loss of support was likely due to excessive deformation of a shearhead lifting angle, which caused a lifting nut to slip off its lifting angle. This failure mechanism was duplicated in laboratory experiments.
The Forensic Engineer at the Discovery Deposition
Authors: Heyer Edwin F.
Published: August 2021

In the civil justice system, the utilization of the discovery deposition of expert witnesses by attorneys, both plaintiff and defendant, plays an important part in pre-trial preparation and possible pre-trial settlement of civil disputes. If one is retained by an attorney as an engineering expert in a civil suit, one should expect to be deposed by the attorney for the opposing side and perhaps to be deposed more than once if there are several parties to the suit, or if new information is acquired that could alter your expert opinions following your initial deposition. This paper is presented as general information to define some of the conditions and situations an engineering expert may expect to encounter in a discovery deposition. Your client attorney may have a different opinion of how similar situations should be handled in your deposition. Be sure to discuss deposition strategy with him and follow his directions in each specific case.
Fire Cause: Overheated Electrical Outlet Boxes?
Authors: Dixon Harry S.
Published: August 2021

When installed with the long axis vertically two receptacle outlet boxes may have approximately six times the heating per inch width as supply conductors per inch length. Unbalanced design with fire danger under overload or fault exists as regards internal box heating and temperature rise. The required National Electrical Code six inch free conductor length is a contributing cause. This also applies to fires from overhead fixture boxes. In time pyrolysis phenomena can cause fires at such boxes. Recommendations are made as to what should be done to alleviate this unbalanced design and dangerous situation.
Bicycle Accident Reconstruction Techniques
Authors: Green James M.
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this paper is to describe the techniques utilized in defining the causal factors of bicycle accidents. The author has reconstructed at least 200 bicycle accidents in the last 15 years, and our firm, Resource Engineering, has spent a good deal of manpower formulating the engineering dynamics involved in these accidents. In order to objectively reconstruct a bicycle accident, one must have a strong background in riding technique, bicycle mechanic skills, as well as the engineering background to describe the dynamics of the actual accident...A generalized view of the approach to investigating certain accident types will be given with examples from specific cases.
The Forensic Engineer as a Roofing Expert
Authors: Heyer Edwin F.
Published: August 2021

A small firm forensic engineering practice often begins as an expansion of service by a firm whose original and probably continuing practice is basically in the construction industry, probably civil engineering or in the design of facilities. The client of this forensic practice should, in the opinion of the author, be an attorney for the reason explained in a previous article ( 1 ). If you begin a forensic practice in the construction industry you will soon realize that the single issue most often appearing in construction industry litigation is building roofs. To an owner, the roof is probably the most important component of his building. Roofing problems are usually expensive to repair, are time consuming, and cause disruptions to the productive use of the facility. Also, owners may feel cheated if they experience roofing problems in less than 20 years of ownership, and may want monetary revenge. In the last decade, roofing based litigation has probably been the cause of a mu
Forensic Engineering for Riparian Boundary Disputes
Authors: Coates Charles H.
Published: August 2021

Ownership of property lying along Louisianas many rivers, lakes, and coastal waters has always been important with respect to delineation of the States ownership of water bottoms on the one hand versus private ownership of the adjoining riparian lands on the other. However, in recent years the presence of valuable mineral resources beneath these water bottoms and the adjoining lands has focused additional attention on the need for expert assistance in resolving riparian boundary disputes. For this same reason, riparian boundaries between parishes have received new interest as well. Through the application of engineering knowledge to the matters of law at issue, the forensic engineer can be of special value in the legal process.
Wood Truss Failure, Murphys Law in Action
Authors: Gilmore Carl E.
Published: August 2021

In Florida, wood truss failures are reported to be the leading cause of construction site injury and damage claims. Most of these construction failures are blamed on improper erection techniques. However, our investigations have often found truss material or fabrication defects to be the initial trigger mechanism of most failures. True, failure to follow bracing guidelines may contribute to the extent of damage, but the proximate cause in a high proportion of cases was fabrication errors. Our investigations have found material selection to be the most often ignored starting mechanism for wood truss failures. We find a reasonable classification of wood truss failures to include the following four areas
Miniatur Rancang Bangun Penerangan Lampu Jalan Otomatis Pada Malam Hari Menggunakan Sensor Ultrasonik Berbasis Arduiono Mega
Authors: Syafira Lubis Maharani
Published: August 2021

Through this problem, it can be done by making a design that uses a technology system. The technology system designed is to make automatic street lighting, which is controlled by the Arduino Mega Microcontroller and Ultrasonic Sensor. Ultrasonic Relays and Sensors use the current in the Arduino, Arduino has a work of 5v. For use, this relay functions as a controller while the current is separate. Battery usage is also used in this design, namely in order to turn on the LED which is being used as an example of an automatic lamp in the automatic lamp design. For the way the automatic light works is to read the Ultrasonic sensor of a vehicle so that it can turn on the light and relay. used, to turn on the current. Then if there is a form of movement, the relay will turn on and automatically the lights are ON. So if a vehicle moves towards the lighting, the light will automatically turn on and illuminate the road, so that after the vehicle passes, the light will automatically turn off in order to save electricity in the road area.
Improved Learning of the Healthy Living Community Movement During the Pandemic for Budi Cendekia Islamic School Students
Authors: Erlina Puspitaloka Mahadewi  , Mohamad Reza Hilmy  , Intan Silviana Mustikawati  , Suryari Purnama  , Arman Harahap
Published: August 2021

Changes in disease patterns in Indonesia are often referred to as the epidemiological transition. In the 1990s the biggest cause of death and illness was infectious diseases. However, in the era of the last 10 years from 2010 to 2020 the biggest causes and causes of death and illness are non-communicable diseases.              The increased risk of non-communicable diseases is due to the demographic transition. The Healthy Living Community Movement or commonly known as GERMAS is a movement initiated by the President of the Republic of Indonesia that prioritizes promotive and preventive efforts without compromising curative-rehabilitative efforts. This activity aims to raise public awareness, especially high school students, to be independent in doing GERMAS. Especially in disseminating information about the importance of implementing GERMAS during the Covid-19 pandemic. The activity is carried out using the seminar method, and was carried out by a team of 10 students, 1 lecturer and 1 health practitioner. The implementation time during this community service takes place which is 15 to 20 minutes for each topic with a presentation. After carrying out a series of activities, the committee provides an evaluation link that can be filled in by the participants. The results of the research show that the success rate is above 51% and shows that this community service will affect the target in carrying out GERMAS even though this activity is carried out virtually using the zoom meeting application. The activity in the next future needs to be improved again in the delivery of material and in answering the material in a language that is easily understood by high school students.
Age-related changes in the parameters of carbohydrate metabolism and supply of vitamins B1, B2 in residents of two northern regions
Authors: Vlasova O. S. , Bichkaeva F. A.
Published: August 2021

A great deal of research was being done in studying of the age-related characteristics of carbohydrate metabolism and the provision of vitamins B1, B2 among the population of the Subarctic (SR) and Arctic (AR) regions, differing in the extreme natural and climatic-geographic living conditions. The surveyed population was divided into five age groups: 16-21, 22-35, 36-45, 46-60 and 61-74 years old. The parameters of carbohydrate metabolism (glucose, lactate, pyruvate) were determined in the blood serum, the content of thiamine (thiamin diphosphate effect) and riboflavin - in hemolysates, and the values of the lactate/pyruvate ratio (Lac/Pyr) were calculated. Statistical data processing was performed by nonparametric methods. An increase in glucose levels was found in persons of older age groups. Age-related fluctuations of metabolites of carbohydrate metabolism were manifested by a lower content of lactate and the value of the Lac/Pyr ratio in persons aged 16-21 years. Regardless of the age and region of the survey, there were revealed high lactate concentrations, Lac/Pyr values and reduced pyruvate levels, as well as low glucose levels in group aged 16-21 year in AR. For vitamins B1, B2, no pronounced age-related changes were observed, while the content of riboflavin was higher in persons of SR. Moderate hypovitaminosis of thiamin was detected in 13-20,1% and 6,1-22,7% of cases in SR and AR, pronounced - 8,3-11,6% and 4,6-23,5%, respectively, vitamin B2 deficiency was noted in 19,4-23,9% of persons in the AR and in 33,8-42,9% of persons in the AR. Vitamins in both regions at different age periods contributed to the formation of levels of indicators of carbohydrate metabolism: glucose and pyruvate in SR, lactate in AR.
Role of CD20 + IL-10 + B-lymphocytes in immunoregulatory processes in women with reccurent miscarriage
Authors: Kust A. V. , Sotnikova N. Y. , Malyshkina A. I. , Voronin D. N.
Published: August 2021

To determine the level of CD20 + IL-10 + B-lymphocytes in pregnant women with the threat of termination of pregnancy at 5-12 weeks and recurrent miscarriage in history and compare the data obtained with the end of gestation. A survey of 65 women at a gestational age of 5-12 weeks was carried out. The main group consisted of 33 women with a threatening recurrent miscarriage at the time of the examination, the comparison group consisted of 10 pre-pregnant women with a threatening sporadic miscarriage at the time of the examination, the control group consisted of 22 pregnant women without signs of a threatening miscarriage. The main group, depending on the outcomes of pregnancy, is divided into 2 subgroups: subgroup A - pregnancy ended in undeveloped pregnancy or miscarriage (9 women), subgroup B - pregnancy ended in childbirth (24 women). The relative content of CD20 + IL-10 + B-lymphocytes was determined by flow cytometry on FACSCanto II (Becton Dickinson, USA). Women in the main group had a significantly lower level of CD20 + IL-10 + B-lymphocytes in comparison with the rest of the surveyed. A retrospective analysis revealed that among women of subgroup A there was a sharp decrease in CD20 + IL-10 + cells compared with subgroup B. Prediction of a non-developing pregnancy and spontaneous miscarriage up to 22 weeks of gestation in pregnant women with threatened spontaneous miscarriage and a history of recurrent miscarriage is possible with the relative content of CD20 + IL-10 + equal to or less than 4.5% (sensitivity 100%, specificity 82.6%, accuracy 87.9%).
Havacılık Yönetimi Lisans Öğrencilerinin Meslek Tercih Eğilimlerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Durmuş Seyhun , Tokyay Emre Osman
Published: August 2021

Mevcut çalışma, lisans düzeyinde örgün eğitim veren devlet üniversitelerindeki havacılık yönetimi bölümünü tercih eden öğrencilerin tercih eğilimlerinin ölçülmesi ve öğrencilerin bölüm dışındaki ilgi duydukları mesleklerin analiz edilmesini hedeflemektedir. Literatürde havacılık yönetimi bölümünü tercih eden öğrencilerin tercih eğilimlerine yönelik yeterli düzeyde çalışma olmaması mevcut çalışmanın motivasyonudur. Çalışmada veri kaynağı olarak Yükseköğretim Program Atlası kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada toplamda 18693 tercih verisi işlenmiştir. Tüm veriler bazında yapılan tercihlerin %37,24 oranında havacılık yönetimine odaklandığı anlaşılmıştır. Tekil veriler bazında ise fakülte ve yüksekokullarda 2 ayrı bloğun oluştuğu gözlemlenmiştir. Yüksek YKS taban puanı olan 1. Blokta havacılık yönetiminin tercih oranları %20 bandındayken; düşük YKS taban puanı olan 2. Blokta tercih oranları %40 bandındadır. Yüksek taban puanlar ile tercih edilen bölümlerde öğrencilerin daha çok YKS puanını baz aldıkları öne sürülebilir; çünkü bu öğrenciler düşük puanlı havacılık yönetimi bölümünü tercih etmek yerine sınıf öğretmenliği ve rehberlik ve psikolojik danışmanlık gibi bölümleri tercih etmişlerdir. Analiz sonucunda öğrencilerin bölüm dışındaki ilgi duydukları bölümlerin başını, %8,74’lük oranla sınıf öğretmenliği, %5,13’lük oranla rehberlik ve psikolojik danışmanlık ve%4,13’lük oranla yönetim ve yönetim bilişim sistemleri bölümleri olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Bu bölümleri; psikoloji (%3,34), sağlık yönetimi (%3,34) ve sosyal hizmet (%2,44) gibi bölümler takip etmektedir. Çalışmada; havacılık yönetimi bölümünün güncel bir tahlili yapılmış, öğrencilerin tercihlerdeki tercih eğilim düzeyini fakülte ve yüksekokul bloklarında analiz edilerek öğrencilerin eğilimli oldukları meslekler ortaya çıkarılmıştır.
Pelatihan Pemasaran Syariah Berbasis Digital bagi Pelaku UMKM di Kelurahan MekarsariCileungsi
Authors: Al Farisi Muhammad Salman , Ajriyansyah Ajriyansyah , Purwanto Adi , Triyana
Published: August 2021

Problematika pemasaran senantiasa menjadi masalah yang sangat menarik, tidak hanya bagi mereka yang berkecimpung di dalam dunia usaha, tetapi bagi siapapun dari mulai masyarakat kelas sosial terbawah sampai masyarakat kelas soaial teratas. Hasil dari pelatihan ini melebihi ekspektasi dari tim pengabdi, dikarenakan antusiasme peserta yang begitu besar. Walaupun mungkin dari segi isi dan materi mungkin masih banyak kekurangan, tetapi pada dasarnya peserta sudah mampu memahami inti dan tujuan dari pelatihan ini. Pada intinya pelaksanaan Pengabdian dapat berjalan dengan baik dan lancar, follow up dari kegiatan ini nantinya diharapkan peserta pelatihan untuk terus mencoba dan sebisa mungkin menerapkannya dalam kegiatan perkumpulan  untuk keberlanjutan Pengetahuan
PENULISAN SURAT LAMARAN, RIWAYAT HIDUP, DAN SURAT ELEKTRONIK UNTUK PEMUDA/-I KARANG TARUNA
Authors: Engliana Engliana , Muniroh Zumrotul
Published: August 2021

This activity was carried out for youth organizations in the RT 007 RW 005 Tanjung Barat, Jagakarsa, South Jakarta. The purpose of holding this community service activity is to understand the community, especially youth organizations, in this case for those who are ready to enter the job market who demand to be able to make job application letters and curriculum vitae. The team employed the socialization method through the coaching technique for concept immersion. Direct and practical steps of writing were presented. The participants were able to write acceptable application letters and curriculum vitae emailed to the team.  English is considered to be a compulsory foreign language that must be mastered to the ability of every resource to compete in the world of work; however, this language ability is still considered difficult for the wider community and becomes a burdensome condition even when they start making job application letters and tell their life history by using English.
Role of Co-curricular activities creating qualities of leadership among Secondary Schools Students in Ex FATA
Authors: Ashfaq Muhammad , Khan Adeel Ahmed , Khaskheli Nasir Ahmed
Published: August 2021

The study was designed to evaluate the role of co-curricular activities (CCA) creating qualities of leadership among   secondary schools students in F.R Kohat (Sub Division Dara) ex Federally Administrative Tribal Areas (FATA). The function of this study was to discover the leadership ability in students   consider they learned through sports and  co-curricular activities and  to validate how those skill are used in the institute  to resolve whether those skills enhance the leadership experience of students. The results of this study provide information which can assist learner dealings partakers who are looking for conduct to help learner make the correlation linking the co-curricular and curricular leadership experience.

 A sample size of 200 subjects was chosen from 10 high schools in the Frontier Region Kohat   on the root of opportunity sampling method. A questionnaire of five points Likert Scale after in quest of due authorization from Principals and Head Masters was used to reach to the in detail of the observable fact. Numerical techniques Mean, Percentage and Standard Deviation were run to examine the composed data. The investigator analyzes the connection between co-curricular involvement and its positive role creating qualities of leadership among secondary school students.

 Research also reveals that CCA create self confidence among students and makes students more popular. Culmination from this study endow with confirmation of the worth of co-curricular leadership training and its contact on curricular experience.

Finally it was concluded that many students who were engaged in sports and co-curricular activities also reported being engaged in leadership positions within their team, club, or organization serving in lead roles such as, captain of a sport team. It was also came in knowledge that those students who participated in these activities are bold and they are ready to face any type of challenge in future.

It is further added that current prime minister of Pakistan Imran Khan was a sportsman and also leaded Pakistan’s cricket team and won world cricket cup in 1992.
Exploiting satellite measurements to reduce uncertainties in UK bottom-up NOx emission estimates
Authors: Pope Richard J. , Kelly Rebecca , Marais Eloise A. , Graham Ailish M. , Wilson Chris , Harrison Jeremy J. , Moniz Savio J. A. , Ghalaieny Mohamed , Arnold Steve R. , Chipperfield Martyn P.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Nitrogen oxides (NOx, NO+NO2) are potent air pollutants which directly impact on human health and which aid the formation of other hazardous pollutants such as ozone (O3) and particulate matter. In this study, we use satellite tropospheric column nitrogen dioxide (TCNO2) data to evaluate the spatiotemporal variability and magnitude of the United Kingdom (UK) bottom-up National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory (NAEI) NOx emissions. Although emissions and TCNO2 represent different quantities, for UK city sources we find a spatial correlation of ~0.5 between the NAEI NOx emissions and TCNO2 from the high-spatial-resolution TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI), suggesting a good spatial distribution of emission sources in the inventory. Between 2005 and 2015, the NAEI total UK NOx emissions and long-term TCNO2 record from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), averaged over England, show decreasing trends of 4.4 % and 2.2 %, respectively. Top-down NOx emissions were derived in this study by applying a simple mass balance approach to TROPOMI observed downwind NO2 plumes from city sources. Overall, these top-down estimates were consistent with the NAEI, but for larger cities such as London and Manchester the inventory is significantly (> 25 %) less than the top-down emissions. This NAEI NOx emission underestimate is supported by comparing simulations from the GEOS-Chem atmospheric chemistry model, driven by the NAEI emissions, with satellite and surface NO2 observations over the UK. This yields substantial model negative biases, providing further evidence to demonstrate that the NAEI may be underestimating NOx emissions in London and Manchester.
Inter-annual variation in lake ice composition in the European Arctic: observations based on high-resolution thermistor strings
Authors: Cheng Bin , Cheng Yubing , Vihma Timo , Kontu Anna , Zheng Fei , Lemmetyinen Juha , Qiu Yubao , Pulliainen Jouni
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Climate change and global warming strongly impact the cryosphere. The rise
of air temperature and change of precipitation patterns lead to dramatic
responses of snow and ice heat and mass balance. Sustainable field
observations on lake air–snow–ice–water temperature regime have been carried
out in Lake Orajärvi in the vicinity of the Finnish Space Centre, a
Flagship Supersite in Sodankylä in Finnish Lapland since 2009. A
thermistor-string-based snow and ice mass balance buoy called “Snow and ice
mass balance apparatus (SIMBA)” was deployed in the lake at the beginning
of each ice season. In this paper, we describe snow and ice temperature
regimes, snow depth, ice thickness, and ice compositions retrieved from
SIMBA observations as well as meteorological variables based on high-quality
observations at the Finnish Space Centre. Ice thickness in Lake Orajärvi
showed an increasing trend. During the decade of data collection (1) the
November–May mean air temperature had an increasing trend of
0.16 ∘C per year, and the interannual variations were highly
correlated (r = 0.93) with the total seasonal accumulated precipitation;
(2) the maximum granular ice thickness ranged from 15 % to 80 % of the
maximum total ice thickness; and (3) the snow depth on lake ice was not
correlated (r = 0.21) with the total precipitation. The data set can be
applied to investigate the lake ice surface heat balance and the role of
snow in lake ice mass balance and to improve the parameterization of snow
to ice transformation in snow and ice models. The data are archived at
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4559368 (Cheng et al., 2021).
Virtual field trips as a tool for indirect geomorphological experience: a case study from the southeastern part of the Gulf of Corinth, Greece
Authors: Evelpidou Niki , Karkani Anna , Saitis Giannis , Spyrou Evangelos
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Field trips are an essential part for geoscience
students, as the field is intrinsic for understanding what they are taught
in the classroom. Yet, distance learning has never been more necessary than
today. Despite their significance in the students' education, field trips
cannot be performed under the present conditions with the COVID-19 pandemic. Educators are called to find, use and evolve various tools in order to offer students quality education, with an effort to eliminate the drawbacks of the
lack of physical contact and “live” field work. Virtual field trips are
one such tool through which one can virtually see any place on the globe by
means of a computer, tablet, or even mobile phone, without physically
visiting it. In this paper, we present the results of a virtual field trip
developed for students following the Geomorphology course of the Faculty of
Geology and Geoenvironment, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; it can, however, be used from other universities with similar courses not only in Greece but also in other countries as well. The purpose of this study is the evaluation of virtual field trips, both as an alternative to and/or substitute for in situ field work and as a means of preparation for live field
trips, by taking into consideration the students' views through an
anonymous questionnaire. Our findings suggest that virtual field trips are
useful for geoscience students, and they provide a good alternative during
restriction periods, and although they can under no circumstances substitute real field trips, they can be a valuable additional tool when preparing for a live field trip.
Marine meteorological forecasts for coastal ocean users – perceptions, usability and uptake
Authors: Rautenbach Christo , Blair Berill
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The present study aims to address a disconnect between science and
the public in the form of a potential misalignment in the supply and demand
of information known as the usability gap. In this case, we explore the
salience of marine meteorological (metocean) information as perceived by
users in two Southern Hemisphere countries: South Africa and New Zealand.
Here, the focus is not only on the perceptions, usability and uptake of
extreme event forecasts but rather focused on general, routine forecast
engagement. The research was conducted by means of a survey, designed around
three research questions. The research questions covered topics ranging from
forecasting tool ergonomics, accuracy and consistency, usability,
institutional reputation, and uncertainties related to climate change (to
name but a few). The online questionnaire was widely distributed to include
both recreational and commercial users. The study focused on identifying
potential decision-making cultures that uniquely impact coastal ocean users'
information needs. Cultural consensus analysis (CCA) was used to investigate
shared understandings and variations in perceptions within the total group
of respondents as well as in sectoral and country-based subgroups. We found
varying degrees of consensus in the whole group (participants from both
countries and all sectors combined) versus different subgroups of users. All
participants taken together exhibited an overall moderate cultural
consensus regarding the issues presented but with some variations in
perspectives at the country-level, suggesting potential subcultures.
Analysing national and sectoral subgroups separately, we found the most
coherent cultural consensus in the South African users' cohort, with strong
agreement regardless of sectoral affiliation. New Zealand's commercial
users' cohort had the weakest agreement with all other subgroups. We discuss
the implications from our findings on important factors in service uptake
and therefore on the production of salient forecasts. Several priorities for
science-based forecasts in the future are also reflected on, considering
anticipated climate change impacts. We conclude by proposing a conceptual
diagram to highlight the important interplay between forecast product
co-development and scientific accuracy/consistency.
TempestExtremes v2.1: a community framework for feature detection, tracking, and analysis in large datasets
Authors: Ullrich Paul A. , Zarzycki Colin M. , McClenny Elizabeth E. , Pinheiro Marielle C. , Stansfield Alyssa M. , Reed Kevin A.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. TempestExtremes (TE) is a multifaceted framework for feature detection, tracking, and scientific analysis of regional or global Earth system datasets on either rectilinear or unstructured/native grids. Version 2.1 of the TE framework now provides extensive support for examining both nodal (i.e., pointwise) and areal features, including tropical and extratropical cyclones, monsoonal lows and depressions, atmospheric rivers, atmospheric blocking, precipitation clusters, and heat waves. Available operations include nodal and areal thresholding, calculations of quantities related to nodal features such as accumulated cyclone energy and azimuthal wind profiles, filtering data based on the characteristics of nodal features, and stereographic compositing. This paper describes the core algorithms (kernels) that have been added to the TE framework since version 1.0, including algorithms for editing pointwise trajectory files, composition of fields around nodal features, generation of areal masks via thresholding and nodal features, and tracking of areal features in time. Several examples are provided of how these kernels can be combined to produce composite algorithms for evaluating and understanding common atmospheric features and their underlying processes. These examples include analyzing the fraction of precipitation from tropical cyclones, compositing meteorological fields around extratropical cyclones, calculating fractional contribution to poleward vapor transport from atmospheric rivers, and building a climatology of atmospheric blocks.
Optical model for the Baltic Sea with an explicit CDOM state variable: a case study with Model ERGOM (version 1.2)
Authors: Neumann Thomas , Koponen Sampsa , Attila Jenni , Brockmann Carsten , Kallio Kari , Kervinen Mikko , Mazeran Constant , Müller Dagmar , Philipson Petra , Thulin Susanne , Väkevä Sakari , Ylöstalo Pasi
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in marine environments impacts primary production due to its absorption effect on the photosynthetically active radiation. In coastal seas, CDOM originates from terrestrial sources predominantly and causes spatial and temporal changing patterns of light absorption which should be considered in marine biogeochemical models. We propose a model approach in which Earth Observation (EO) products are used to define boundary conditions of CDOM concentrations in an ecosystem model of the Baltic Sea. CDOM concentrations in riverine water derived from EO products serve as forcing for the ecosystem model. For this reason, we introduced an explicit CDOM state variable in the model. We show that the light absorption by CDOM in the model can be improved considerably in comparison to approaches where CDOM is estimated from salinity. The model performance increases especially with respect to spatial CDOM patterns due to the consideration of single river properties. A prerequisite is high-quality CDOM data with sufficiently high spatial resolution which can be provided by the new generation of ESA satellite sensor systems (Sentinel 2 MSI and Sentinel 3 OLCI). Such data are essential, especially when local differences in riverine CDOM concentrations exist.
Physical and mechanical properties of winter first-year ice in the Antarctic marginal ice zone along the Good Hope Line
Authors: Skatulla Sebastian , Audh Riesna R. , Cook Andrea , Hepworth Ehlke , Johnson Siobhan , Lupascu Doru C. , MacHutchon Keith , Marquart Rutger , Mielke Tommy , Omatuku Emmanuel , Paul Felix , Rampai Tokoloho , Schröder Jörg , Schwarz Carina , Vichi Marcello
Published: August 2021

Abstract. As part of the 2019 Southern oCean seAsonal Experiment (SCALE) Winter Cruise of the South African icebreaker SA Agulhas II first-year ice was sampled at the advancing outer edge of the Antarctic marginal ice zone along a 150 km-Good Hope Line transect. Ice cores were extracted from four solitary pancake ice floes of 1.83–2.95 m diameter and 0.37–0.45 m thickness as well as a 12 × 4 m2 pancake ice floe of 0.31–0.76 m thickness part of a larger consolidated pack ice domain. The ice cores were subsequently analyzed for temperature, salinity, texture, anisotropic elastic properties and compressive strength. All ice cores from both, solitary pancake ice floes and consolidated pack ice, exhibited predominantly granular textures. The vertical distributions of salinity, brine volume and mechanical properties were significantly different for the two ice types. High salinity values of 12.6 ± 4.9 PSU were found at the topmost layer of the solitary pancake ice floes but not for the consolidated pack ice. The uniaxial compressive strength for pancake ice and consolidated pack ice were determined as 2.3 ± 0.5 MPa and 4.1 ± 0.9 MPa, respectively. The Young’s and shear moduli in longitudinal core direction of solitary pancake ice were obtained as 3.7 ± 2.0 GPa and 1.3 ± 0.7 GPa, and for consolidated pack ice as 6.4 ± 1.6 GPa and 2.3 ± 0.6 GPa, respectively. Comparing Young’s and shear moduli measured in longitudinal and transverse core directions, a clear directional dependency was found, in particular for the consolidated pack ice.
NEOJIBA: art as a bridge to human development
Authors: de Oliveira Andrade José Sergio
Published: August 2021

An amazing story told through the details of the creation and implementation process of Program NEOJIBA – State Centers for Children and Youth Orchestras of Bahia. It takes the reader on a journey of individual and collective resilience with the purpose of fulfilling a dream: opening opportunities for social development and the common good through the teaching of classical music to less privileged communities.
Desempeño de las grandes empresas y crecimiento económico en América Latina
Authors: Villalba Deicy , Romero Héctor , Fajardo Eddy
Published: August 2021

El objetivo de la presente investigación es establecer la relación entre el número y las ventas de grandes empresas y el crecimiento económico per cápita para una selección de países de América Latina en el periodo 1996-2016. Utilizando la base de datos de grandes empresas elaborado por la revista América Economía, y con una metodología de análisis de datos longitudinales, se encuentra que existe un nexo positivo entre el desempeño de las grandes empresas y el crecimiento económico en las economías de la región. Este hallazgo implica que la necesidad de establecer condiciones que permitan el desarrollo adecuado de este tipo de organización económica.
Comportamiento Social desde la perspectiva de estudiantes de universidades latinoamericanas
Authors: Campechano-Escalona Eduardo , Moreno Freites Zahira , Ibarra-Morales Luis Enrique
Published: August 2021

La responsabilidad social y los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible representan un campo de investigación que se ha discutido desde una perspectiva económica y social, pero son pocos los estudios comparativos acerca el nivel de conocimiento que los estudiantes universitarios manejan sobre el tema. Sobre esta base, el estudio se planteó estimar la auto atribución de comportamientos socialmente responsables de los estudiantes de tres universidades de México, Colombia y Perú, a través de un diseño de investigación descriptivo de tipo exploratorio, se aplicó un instrumento compuesto por 40 ítems que midió el conocimiento e intenciones del comportamiento socialmente responsable de los estudiantes, utilizando una muestra estratificada de 1802 individuos, analizado estadísticamente mediante el programa SPSS. Se pudo evidenciar que los comportamientos socialmente responsables de los estudiantes universitarios son muy similares, no obstante, los de México difieren ligeramente en cuanto a este comportamiento. Sin embargo, coinciden en no tener claro la intención de su comportamiento social a pesar de expresar libremente su interés en el beneficio de otros. Como conclusión general, a pesar de que los estudiantes muestran un comportamiento socialmente responsable, no están conscientes de lo que implica la responsabilidad social, como actores del sistema de educación superior.
Análisis del concepto y alcance de las alianzas estratégicas: un enfoque longitudinal (1972-2020)
Authors: Carvajal Camperos Marisol , Almodóvar Martínez Paloma , Vassolo Roberto
Published: August 2021

El objetivo de este estudio teórico es realizar una revisión longitudinal y sistemática del concepto y el alcance de las alianzas estratégicas desde 1972 al 2020 y proponer una definición que sea homogénea e integradora, que tome en cuenta el entorno dinámico que actualmente tienen las empresas y en el que se integren los distintos términos asociados con el concepto de alianza estratégica. La metodología, ampliamente utilizada en otras investigaciones, se centra en la búsqueda de trabajos publicados en Scopus y Web of Science sobre las alianzas estratégicas. Este enfoque permitió consolidar una muestra de 148 artículos para este estudio. Se tomó como unidad de análisis cada artículo indexado (Scopus y Web of Science) en el que se señalará de manera explícita el concepto de alianza estratégica, o alguno de los términos asociado al concepto. Los hallazgos conceptuales posicionan a la alianza estratégica como un medio eficaz que les permite a las empresas obtener recursos de manera rápida para entrar en un nuevo mercado, aprender y obtener conocimiento de las empresas líderes. Se concluye que está justifi-cada la revisión permanente del concepto, admitiendo su carácter dinámico, pues la evolución del entorno y su complejidad requieren una constante actualización
Régimen político mexicano y su legado de reformas económicas
Authors: Martínez Chapa Oshiel , Salazar Castillo Jorge Eduardo , Quispe Aruquipa Saul Roberto
Published: August 2021

El régimen político de México adoptó políticas de mercado abierto desde mediados de los ochenta, las cuales significaron un cambio respecto al paradigma keynesiano del rol del Estado. La política de mayor orientación al mercado cobró renovado impulso en el mundo occidental —aun en Europa del Este—, una vez que el socialismo entró en crisis y la esencia del laissez faire se presentó como la alternativa ganadora en el terreno ideológico. El propósito de este trabajo es identificar las reformas económicas como legado del régimen político mexicano, las cuales se ubican en el contexto internacional de liberalización comercial. La hipótesis que se plantea es que dichas reformas emprendidas en México no han logrado mayores tasas de crecimiento económico y de bienestar de la mayor parte de la población, pues no fueron el resultado de los consensos, ni se diseñaron en atención al interés público, como tampoco se apegaron a los principios de veracidad. La metodología empleada es de tipo cualitativo y cuantitativo. Los resultados muestran que, en lo general, las citadas reformas auguraron bienestar y modernidad, sin embargo, no se observan indicadores positivos en las variables referidas. Se concluye, por tanto, que es indispensable que las decisiones de mayor transcendencia para la sociedad deban incorporar mecanismos de información y análisis para la participación de todos los agentes económicos.
Aprendizaje organizacional y su influencia en el desempeño de PyMES comerciales de México
Authors: Zazueta Trejo Mahali Adlai , Jacobo Hernández Carlos Armando , Ochoa Jiménez Sergio
Published: August 2021

El objetivo de la presente investigación es identificar la influencia del aprendizaje organizacional (AO) en el desempeño organizacional (DO) de pequeñas y medianas empresas del sector comercial en Ciudad Obregón, Sonora; México. Mediante una investigación cuantitativa con un diseño no experimental transeccional, se aplicó un cuestionario con un total de 43 ítems a 136 empresas. Los resultados muestran que existe una influencia positiva y significativa del AO en el DO de PyMES comerciales. Se concluye que al interior de las organizaciones estudiadas se presenta un proceso de adquisición, distribución e intercambio de conocimiento mediante el aprendizaje e incluso este suele pasar a formar parte de la misma como memoria organizacional.
Factores determinantes del emprendimiento en Chile y Colombia
Authors: Soria-Barreto Karla , Rueda Galvis Javier F. , Ruiz Escorcia Rafael R.
Published: August 2021

La actividad emprendedora es un motor para el desarrollo y crecimiento de las economías dado su aporte en la generación de trabajo, innovación, diversificación de actividad productiva y la movilidad social. Es importante identificar los factores que permiten el surgimiento de emprendedores. El objetivo del estudio es comparar la actividad emprendedora en etapa inicial para Chile y Colombia usando datos del Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. Se hizo un análisis estadístico descriptivo y un modelo logístico, mediante los cuales fue posible determinar diferencias y similitudes del perfil emprendedor y las variables que explican la tasa de actividad emprendedora inicial y su efecto predictor. Los resultados muestran que los emprendedores de Chile y Colombia son similares: mayoritariamente hombres que buscan una oportunidad de negocio con edad entre 25 y 44 años, tienen educación superior y tienen ingresos altos. La actividad emprendedora inicial se explica a partir de: miedo al fracaso (efecto negativo), conocer a emprendedores y poseer capacidades. En Chile son bastante estables las probabilidades de incorporarse a la actividad emprendedora inicial y en Colombia las variables conocer emprendedores y tener capacidades han ido perdiendo relevancia como predictoras del emprendimiento.
Liderazgo en el sector público
Authors: Chinchay Díaz Wilmer , Chávarry Ysla Patricia del Rocio
Published: August 2021

La investigación corresponde a una revisión teórica bibliográfica respecto a la literatura sobre el liderazgo en el sector público, cuyo objetivo es explorar los fundamentos teóricos más relevantes que se conciben sobre el contexto del liderazgo organizacional, profundizando en sus raíces teóricas y los fundamentos retrospectivos y contemporáneos. La metodología empleada en el presente trabajo es de carácter descriptivo no experimental con un enfoque cualitativo, basándose en el análisis teórico referenciado y una revisión documental del liderazgo en el sector púbico. Los resultados indicaron que a la fecha existe una gran diversidad de paradigmas sobre el estudio de liderazgo, y que estos durante el tiempo han sido valido por al menos cinco disciplinas: administración, psicología, ciencia política, sociología y antropología. Con respecto a las conclusiones del estudio, se determina que el liderazgo constituye uno de los elementos primordiales para la gestión pública, ya que influye de manera decisiva en el desempeño y en la satisfacción de los colaboradores.
Gestión cultural como estrategia de desarrollo turístico: Aproximación teórica
Authors: Restrepo Zapata Diego Ángelo
Published: August 2021

El impacto económico y social que la cultura y su gestión generan resulta innegable. La actividad turística continúa en constante crecimiento, consolidándose como una importante vía de desarrollo de distintas actividades sociales, económicas y culturales, con mayor potencial si se involucra a las comunidades. El propósito de esta labor investigativa fue comprender e interpretar el significado sobre gestión cultural, como estrategia de desarrollo turístico desde los discursos y haceres de los versionantes en el contexto de la comunidad de Filadelfia región norte de Caldas, Colombia. La metodología responde a un enfoque cualitativo, desde el paradigma Interpretativo y apoyado en la fenomenología y la hermenéutica. Realidad de estudio ontológicamente compleja, múltiple, construida y divergente, en la cual la intersubjetividad está presente en todo el proceso investigativo. La técnica de recolección de información fue la entrevista en profundidad y, como instrumento, el diario de campo. Intencionalmente, se seleccionaron cinco pobladores de la región. La información obtenida fue sistematizada mediante la codificación, categorización artesanal y triangulación. Reflexión conclusiva: Una vez conseguidas las categorías emergentes y su interpretación, se presenta una aproximación teórica.
Contabilidad creativa: Perspectivas jurídicas y empresariales a partir de los procesos de información
Authors: Vega Falcón Vladimir , Navarro Cejas Mercedes , Cejas Martínez Magda , Colcha Ortiz Raquel
Published: August 2021

La contabilidad creativa, es un fenómeno que se produce cuando directivos y contadores presentan la información con resultados no congruentes con la realidad financiera de la empresa. El objetivo esta investigación fue describir la naturaleza y alcance de la contabilidad creativa desde un enfoque jurídico y empresarial, a partir de los procesos de información. Esta es una investigación de tipo descriptiva. El diseño fue no experimental- transversal (Rodríguez, Ramírez, Carmona e Ibáñez, 2021). Desde la perspectiva de las fuentes de información el diseño fue documental (Bernal, Martínez, Parra y Jiménez, 2015). La técnica utilizada fue el análisis de contenido. Los resultados del análisis demuestran que la contabilidad creativa, debe estar orientada a innovar o agilizar los procesos de reporte de la información de manera clara, real y oportuna, generando estrategias para la solución de los problemas en el contexto empresarial. Lo cual permite concluir que, tanto desde una perspectiva jurídica como empresarial, los procesos de información contable deben perfeccionarse, evitando manifestaciones fraudulentas en los mismos.