bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Solid State Culture Conditions for Composting Sewage Sludge
Authors: Kabbashi N.A. , Fakhruâ€™l-Razi A. , Ramachandran K.B.
Published: October 2018

Composting is applied to treat sewage sludge from treatment plants to enhance its quality and suitability for agricultural use. In this work the optimal conditions for composting sewage sludge from domestic wastewater treatment plants in a horizontal drum bioreactor (HDB) were investigated. This study investigated the physico-chemical conditions affecting the use of filamentous fungi in composting. The average number of faecal coliforms was 2.3 ï‚´ 107 bacteria/g waste dry weight at the beginning of the composting process, and decreased considerably to 8.2 ï‚´ 103, 8.1 ï‚´ 103, 8.5 ï‚´ 103, 8.0 ï‚´ 103,and 8.4 ï‚´ 103 bacteria/g, respectively for experiments T1 to T5. This decrease was presumably the result of raising temperature. The phase of hygienisation was marked by a very significant decrease in the number of E. coli cells (1.8 ï‚´ 107, to 3.7 ï‚´ 103, 3.8 ï‚´ 103, 3.3 ï‚´ 103, 3.2 ï‚´ 103, and 3.6 ï‚´ 103 bacteria/g) for T1 to T5 experiments, respectively: A second aspect was the investigation of a possible reduction of hazardous pollutants.  The highest concentration was for Fe and the lowest for Pb, showing that Fe is the most loosely bound to the sewage sludge organic matrix and Pb the most strongly bound, the Cd reduction by composting was more than 50%.Keywords: Sewage sludge, compost, horizontal drum bioreactor, hazardous.
Fuzzy Logic Based Controller for Maintaining Human Comfort within Intelligent Building System
Authors: Nazim and M. Nasiri Nasrodin .T. Mustapha, Momoh J. E. Salami,
Published: October 2018

This paper presents an intelligent control approach for air handling unit (AHU) which is an integral part of heat, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system. In the past years various control design for HVAC have been proposed as this system remarkably consumes very high energy. But most of the proposed designs were focused on the control flow of heat-transfer medium such as chilled or heated water while the importance of the efficient mixture of outdoor and indoor enthalpies is sometimes ignored. These enthalpies invariably determine the best strategy to overcome thermal load in a controlled environment to satisfy human comfort, hence a control design strategy must be able to efficiently regulate the flow and mixture of outdoor and indoor enthalpies by a proper control of AHU dampers and fans. This approach requires sensors to measure temperature and relative humidity of both outdoor and indoor environments. However, unpredictable level of disturbances coming from many sources including heat generated by occupants, electrical items and air leaking and the continuous changes of outdoor enthalpy makes it difficult to model the process. Consequently, conventional controllers are not suitable, hence the use of fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is proposed in this paper. This proposed controller operates in a master and slave control loop so as to control the AHU dampers and fans with adjustable output membership function whilst at the same time a scaling-factor method is used to drive the master operation. To implement the proposed system, a small scale prototype has been designed and fabricated. This prototype is an AHU model which consists of ductwork, temperature and humidity sensors, dampers, air cooling and heating systems. A small box is used as a conditioning space in which a room temperature is measured. The control algorithm is programmed using National Instrument (NI) LabVIEW and executed using NI FieldPoint. Experimental results reveal that proper control of AHU dampers and fans is an effective and practical means to satisfy human comfort with minimum energy consumption.Keywords: Human comfort, Intelligent control, Air handling unit, Adaptive fuzzy logic control
Operational characteristics optimization of human-computer system
Authors: Mallick Zulquernain , Magami Irfan Anjum Badruddin , Tandur Khaleed Hussain
Published: October 2018

Computer operational parameters are having vital influence on the operators efficiency from readability viewpoint. Four parameters namely font, text/background color, viewing angle and viewing distance are analyzed. The text reading task, in the form of English text, was presented on the computer screen to the participating subjects and their performance, measured in terms of number of words read per minute (NWRPM), was recorded. For the purpose of optimization, the Taguchi method is used to find the optimal parameters to maximize operators’ efficiency for performing readability task. Two levels of each parameter have been considered in this study. An orthogonal array, the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) were employed to investigate the operators’ performance/efficiency. Results showed that Times Roman font, black text on white background, 40 degree viewing angle and 60 cm viewing distance, the subjects were quite comfortable, efficient and read maximum number of words per minute. Text/background color was dominant parameter with a percentage contribution of 76.18% towards the laid down objective followed by font type at 18.17%, viewing distance 7.04% and viewing angle 0.58%. Experimental results are provided to confirm the effectiveness of this approach.
THEORETICAL EVALUATION OF NONLINEAR EFFECTS ON OPTICAL WDM NETWORKS WITH VARIOUS FIBER TYPES
Authors: M. KARFAA YASIN , ISMAIL M. , ABBOU F. M. , SHAARI A. S.
Published: October 2018

A theoretical study is carried out to evaluate the performance of an opticalwavelength division multiplexing (WDM) network transmission system in the presenceof crosstalk due to optical fiber nonlinearities. The most significant nonlinear effects inthe optical fiber which are Cross-Phase Modulation (XPM), Four-Wave Mixing (FWM),and Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) are investigated. Four types of optical fiber areincluded in the analysis; these are: single-mode fiber (SMF), dispersion compensationfiber (DCF), non-zero dispersion fiber (NZDF), and non-zero dispersion shifted fiber(NZDSF). The results represent the standard deviation of nonlinearity induced crosstalknoise power due to FWM and SRS, XPM power penalty for SMF, DCF, NZDF, andNZDSF types of fiber, besides the Bit Error Rate (BER) for the three nonlinear effectsusing standard fiber type (SMF). It is concluded that three significant fiber nonlinearitiesare making huge limitations against increasing the launched power which is desired,otherwise, lower values of launched power limit network expansion including length,distance, covered areas, and number of users accessing the WDM network, unlesssuitable precautions are taken to neutralize the nonlinear effects. Besides, various fibertypes are not behaving similarly towards network parameters.
E-WASTE: ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS FOR EDUCATION AND RESEARCH
Authors: HAWARI MUAZ , H. HASSAN MOHAMED
Published: October 2018

“E-waste” is a popular, informal name for electronic products nearing the end of their “useful life”. This includes discarded computers, televisions, VCRs, stereos, copiers, fax machines, electric lamps, cell phones, audio equipment and batteries. E-wastes are considered dangerous, as certain components of some of these electronic products contain materials; such as lead; that are hazardous, depending on their condition and density. If improperly disposed, E-wastes can leach lead and other substances into soil and groundwater posing a threat to human health and environment. Many of these electronic products can be reused, refurbished, or recycled in an environmentally sound manner so that they are less harmful to the ecosystem. This paper highlights the types and hazards of E-wastes particularly the computers’ waste. The dimensions and ethicality of the problem in the third-world countries are reviewed. The needs for the appropriate management of e-waste and options that can be implemented are discussed. After reviewing the Islamic concepts for environmental protection, ethical implications for curriculum development as well research directions are highlighted. Elements for a course on e-waste as well as some across-the-curriculum topics are proposed. This is specially tailored to suit the faculty of Engineering at the International Islamic University-Malaysia.
A NEW METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF TOXIC DYE USING FTIR SPECTROSCOPY
Authors: Saeed Mirghani Mohammad Elwathig , Kabbashi Nassereldeen A. , Y. Qudsieh Isam , Elfaki Faiz A.
Published: October 2018

A new method was developed to determine toxic dyes content in textileand other products using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy withAttenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) element and KBr transmission cell. Thewavelengths used were selected using pure dyes and dye mixtures. Transmittance valuesfrom the wavelengths regions 3500 – 2650 and 1675 – 1500 cm-1 and partial least square(PLS) regression method were used to derive FTIR spectroscopic calibration model fordyes containing –N=N– in their structure. The coefficient of determinations (R2) for themodels were computed by comparing the results obtained from FTIR spectroscopyagainst the actual values of the dyes concentrations. R2 were 0.9321 and 0.9819 for twosamples of toxic dyes respectively. The standard errors (SE) of calibrations were 1.84and 1.36 respectively. The calibration model was cross validated within the same set ofsamples and the standard deviation (SD) of the difference for repeatability and accuracyof the FTIR method were determined. With its speed and ease of data manipulation,FTIR spectroscopy is a useful alternative method to wet chemical methods for rapid androutine detection of azo dyes as toxic dyes in such products for quality control.
Intelligent system of automatic control over the technological process of the natural gas preparation on the basis of neural networks
Authors: Boryn V. S. , Sahai I. M.
Published: October 2018

The mathematical model of the technological process of the natural gas preparation is developed.

The structure of the fuzzy model is developed, which corresponds to the complex multi-stage technological processes. For the analysis of a given stage, a model based on artificial neural networks is used. The model is developed based on the results of a survey of production engineers and describes the end-to-end technology of the natural gas preparation process.

Considerable attention is paid to simulation modeling, namely the experimental determination of dynamic characteristics on the given channels has been carried out and simulation modeling of the system using neural networks has been conducted. According to its results, it has been established that the transient characteristics of the channels correspond to the physical bases of the natural gas preparation process. A comparative analysis of transient processes has been carried out and it has been determined that in the cascade control system the quality indicators are better.
Reactivity of β-Substituted Phosphoenol Pyruvates towards Alkoxides: A Theoretical and Experimental Study
Authors: Bassou Djilali , Ghomri Amina , Atmani Abdelkrim
Published: October 2018

A new, practical, synthesis of pyruvic orthoesters relying on the conversion of β-substituted phosphoenol pyruvates by the action of alkoxides is described. Our study of the reaction mechanism was done experimentally and also theoretically. Density functional theory calculations were used to explain the major reaction products found experimentally. Geometry optimisations and atomic charges obtained using different population analyses and the global and local reactivity indices, namely global electrophilicity and the Parr function, were obtained at the B3LYP/6-311G(d) level of theory. The experimental reactivity was correctly reproduced using the Parr function.
A Density Functional Theory Study of NH3 and NO Adsorption on the β-MnO2 (110) Surface
Authors: Meng Hao , Wu Xu , Ci Chao , Zhang Qian , Li Zhe
Published: October 2018

The adsorption of NH3 and NO on the β-MnO2 (1 1 0) surface has been investigated by density functional theory using periodic models. The energetically favourable sites of adsorption of the gases on the β-MnO2 surface are 4-fold coordinate Mn (Mn4-top) and 5-fold coordinate Mn (Mn5-top). The relative adsorption energies ( Eads) of these gases on the Mn4-top site and Mn5-top site are in the orders NH3 ( Eads = −1.02 eV) > NO ( Eads = −0.96 eV) and NH3 ( Eads = −0.63 eV) > NO ( Eads = −0.49 eV). The N-H and N–O bond lengths, Mulliken charges and the densities of states of the NH3 and NO molecules are discussed after adsorption. The calculated results indicate that the coordination number of surface Mn ions has a significant influence on the adsorption capacity. Furthermore, the analysis of the results of the density of states determinations shows that when NH3 and NO are adsorbed with the NH3-Mn and NO-Mn configurations, the bonding mechanism is mainly from the interaction between the NH3 or NO molecule and the Mn d orbital, which is the major reason for the strong chemical adsorption of NH3 and NO.
Impact of Chloride Concentration on Ligand Substitution Reactions of Zinc(II) Complexes with Biologically Relevant Nitrogen Nucleophiles
Authors: Selimović Enisa , Soldatović Tanja
Published: October 2018

The mole-ratio method was used to determine the metal–ligand stoichiometry between [ZnCl2(en)] and [ZnCl2(terpy)] (where en = 1,2-diaminoethane or ethylenediamine and terpy = 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine) and imidazole at pH 7.2 in the presence of different chloride concentrations. The results indicated step-wise formation of 1:1 and 1:2 complexes in the presence of 0.010 M NaCl and 1:1 complexes in the presence of 0.001 M NaCl for the [ZnCl2(en)] complex. These results are correlated with additional coordination of chlorides in the first coordination sphere and with changes in coordination geometry. In the presence of 0.001 M NaCl the five-coordinate complex anion [ZnCl3(en)]- is formed initially and then a substitution reaction with imidazole occurs. In the presence of 0.010 M NaCl the octahedral complex anion [ZnCl4(en)]2- is formed. Additional coordination of chloride in the [ZnCl2(terpy)] complex is not found and the metal–ligand stoichiometry is 1:2. The kinetics of ligand substitution reactions of zinc(II) complexes and biologically relevant nitrogen nucleophiles such as imidazole, 1,2,3-triazole and L-histidine were investigated at pH 7.2 as a function of nucleophile concentration in the presence of 0.001 M and 0.010 M NaCl. The reactions were followed under pseudo first-order conditions by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The substitution reactions included two steps of consecutive displacement of chlorido ligands with changes only in the coordination geometry of the [ZnCl2(en)] complex. The order of reactivity of the investigated nucleophiles for the first reaction step towards both complexes was L-histidine > 1,2,3-triazole > imidazole, while in the presence of 0.010 M NaCl the most reactive ligand was 1,2,3-triazole towards the [ZnCl2(en)] complex.
Mass culture, education and the perspective of individuality
Authors: Eliopoulos Panos
Published: October 2018

For Adorno and Horkheimer, rationalism – in fact, a technical rationalism which becomes a rationalism of domination– failed to provide the path to the liberation of man and society. The aftermath, half education of the masses, is not an incomplete education or lack of education, but substantially hostility towards culture and genuine education, decay and involvement of education in individual considerations and benefits, with the contribution of mass dissemination of culture and art. Half education is the spread of culture and art without a living relationship with the consciousness of people, without consequences for their lives. Adorno clarifies that in this context, the relationship between life and production reduces the former into the transitory epiphenomenon of the latter, as life and individual existence are not known in their immediacy, they do not connect directly, but they rather become part of the teaching for of material production. For Ortega y Gasset, a new type of human being has been born, the massman, who becomes isolated, trapped in the irrational feeling that nothing else, apart from his own private welfare, matters, but he also continues to demand as if it were his natural right to do so. Nonetheless, and although he remains an individualist, he does not have real access to the gifts of individuality. Marcuse understands that, ultimately, there is a conflict between production and profit on the one hand and self-determination on the other. As technology spreads its dominance over nature, man conquers man through mass control, diffused through work and culture. In this way, technological rationalism becomes ultimately political rationalism.
Towards a Reconsrtuction of Historical Materialism. IV: Legitimation
Authors: Habermas Jurgen
Published: October 2018

The book of world-known German philosopher Jurgen Habermas is devoted to the Marxist social theory and in general to potential of the evolutionary concept of society. A wide range of topics is comprised: from the role of philosophy in Marxism and rational and ethical foundations of social identity to comparative theories and problem of legitimacy. J.Habermas does not only critically rethink Marxist concept, but builds a coherent theoretical alternative to it. The power of the book is that the key problems of social theory are considered not only in the abstract plane, but in the context of contemporary, keen, topical socio-political challenges. Namely the nature of current social crises, conflicts of legitimation of the contemporary state, the morality of power, the effect of innovations etc. The book has become not only one of the classical samples of Marxism analysis, but it was recognized significant contribution to contemporary social theory.
Von der Krise des Kapitals zur Krise der Partei
Authors: Leggewie Claus
Published: October 2018

Von der Krise des Kapitals zur Krise der Partei -Zur Entwicklung der KPF seit der "historischen Niederlage" vom Marz 1978
Efficacy of Various Arrangements of Pelvic External Rod Fixators in Polytraumatized Patients at Resuscitation Step
Authors: Ivanov P. A. , Zadneprovskiy N. N.
Published: October 2018

Application of external fixators (EF) in pelvic fractures is one of the important components of antishock therapy in patients with polytrauma. However various fixation techniques possess certain advantages and disadvantages. Comparative analysis of 4 most commonly used variants of pelvic EF mounting, i.e. classic - via upper flaring portion of the ilium, supra-acetabular, orthogonal - combination of screws passes through the wings and supra-acetabular region, and subcristal, that were applied in 32, 48, 13 and 3 patients, was performed. Results of the analysis showed that supra-acetabular pelvic fixation technique a preferable one due to its high efficacy and lower rate of complications as compared to other external fixation methods.
Posterior Interosseous Artery Flap for Hand Reconstruction
Authors: Golubev I. O. , Grishin V. M. , Maksimov A. A. , Merkulov M. V. , Bushuev O. M. , Kutepov I. A. , Yulov R. V.
Published: October 2018

Results of hand reconstructions with posterior interosseous artery flap were analyzed for 37 patients (25 males and 12 females) aged from 13 month to 56 years. The reasons for plasty were the following: acute trauma with soft tissue defect - 6 cases, posttraumatic hand and fingers deformity - 18 cases, hand pathology - 5 cases, congenital hand deformities - 8 cases. In 26 patients plasty with posterior interosseous artery flap was performed in combination with other techniques of hand microsurgical reconstruction. At terms up to 3 weeks the flap settled nicely in 35 (94.6%) patients, in 2 patients partial necrosis of the flap was observed. In 1 year after operation all patients and/or their relatives were satisfied with the cosmetic view of hand and donor site on the forearm.
Injuries of ACL with Avulsion of Bone Fragment from Tibial Intercondylar Eminence in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Merkulov V. N. , Dovluru R. K. , El’Tsin A. G. , Mininkov D. S.
Published: October 2018

Experience in arthroscopic treatment of 54 patients aged 5-18 years with ACL injury and bone fragment avulsion from the tibial intercondylar eminence is presented. Type I injury (by Meyers & McKeever - Zaricznyi classification) was diagnosed in 2 %, type II - in 49%, type III - in 40% and type IV - in 9% of patients. In patients with type I injury arthroscopic intervention was performed for concomitant injuries diagnosis and knee joint sanitation. In patients with II-IV types of injury arthroscopic osteosynthesis of tibial intercondylar eminence fractures with wire loop by original technique was performed. Excellent results were achieved in 44 (81.1%), good - in 7 (12.1%) and satisfactory - in 3 (6.8%) patients. Neither complications nor cases of nonunion were noted. Advantages of the proposed technique are the minimal traumatization of tibial growth zone, rigid fracture fixation, possibility to use this method of fixation in comminuted fractures
Study of Biocompatibility and Antibacterial Properties of Argentum-Tricalcium Phosphate In Vivo
Authors: Khon V. E. , Zagorodniy N. V. , Mamonov V. E. , Glasko E. N. , Petrakova N. V. , Shal’Nev A. N. , Pkhakadze T. Ya. , Komlev V. C.
Published: October 2018

Study of biocompatibility and antibacterial properties of argentum-containing tricalcium phosphate (TCPh) with various degree of substitution by argentum (TCPh-Ag) was performed on rat model. Biocompatibility was studied using subcutaneous implantation of TCPh-Ag (0.5). Antibacterial properties were studied in 5 subgroups (A-E), 5 animals in every group. At first step a distal femur defect was formed and infected by 24-hours cultures of clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Second step (subgroups B-E) consisted of revision intervention with implantation of either TCPh or TCPh-Ag with various degree of substitution by argentum (0.04, 0.2 and 0.5) into infected defect. Histologic examination of tissue samples with subcutaneous implantation of TCPh-Ag (0.5) showed the absence of inflammatory and rejection reactions that was indicative of study material biocompatibility. Optimim degrees of Ag substitution were 0.2 and 0.5 that provide high antibacterial activity at monotherapy of femur bacterial infection in rats with minimum pronounced toxic effect on the surrounding tissues and bone marrow.
Surgical Treatment of Complicated Sacrum Fractures in Unstable Pelvic Injuries. Treatment Experience
Authors: Pak L. F. , Volovik V. E. , Li O. N. , Goncharov I. A. , An A. A.
Published: October 2018

The majority of unstable pelvic injuries are accompanied by sacrum fractures of different localization. Experience in treatment of 8 patients with multiple concomitant injuries and sacrum fractures at the level of sacrum canal (Denis 3) is presented. All patients with acute condition were admitted into intensive care unit and underwent complex examination. At this step of intensive care the complexity of sacrum fractures and nerve injuries diagnosis is conditioned by the severity of patient’s condition. Patients with pelvic injuries require careful examination for detection of sacrum and nerve injuries in this region. However taking into account the multiplicity of injuries the emergency operation for nerve roots revision is not expedient. At rendering care to such patients the basic principles should be the conception of injuries control with preference given to stable and functional methods of fracture fixation. In our opinion all Denis 3 fractures with neurologic disorders require decompression-stabilizing operations that enable to mobilize patients, to determine and probably to improve the prognosis of neurologic pathology.
Study of Motor Ability Indices and Postural Status in Patients with Hemihypoplasia
Authors: Mikhailova L. K. , Eryomushkin M. A. , Kosov I. S. , Mikhailova S. A. , Murav’Yova N. V.
Published: October 2018

One hundred seventeen patients with hemihypoplasia and discrepancy of lower limbs length of 1 - 3 cm were examined during the period from 2008 through 2013. Series of functional tests to evaluate conditional and coordination skills as well as stabilometry in European and American variants were performed. All patients demonstrated frontal postural disorders, marked weakness of the abdominal muscles and muscles of the back that resulted caused postural imbalance that resulted in formation of myofascial trigger points and development specific pain syndrome. Stabilometry and coordination tests results showed the predominance of proprioceptive body balance control over the visual one.
Step by Step Extra-Focal Fixation of Unstable Pelvis with Separate Anterior and Posterior Modules
Authors: Borozda I. V. , Ganzhurov N. A. , Kapustyanskiy A. A. , Nikolaev R. V.
Published: October 2018

Results of step by step treatment of 28 patients with disintegrative pelvic ring injuries are presented. In 14 patients (main group) step by step extra-focal pelvic fixation with application of anterior (antishock) and posterior modules was performed. In 14 patients (control group) osteosynthesis by external fixation device with circular support was used. Long-term results were assessed in1 year after injury. In control group residual deformity averaged 5 (4-7) mm and was noted in 10 (71.4%) patients. In the main group residual deformity was observed in 4 (28.6%) cases and averaged 2.5 (2-3) mm (p=0.0039). In the main group functional result by Majeed scale was also significantly better (p=0.000319). Excellent and good results were achieved in 9 (64.3%) and 5 (35.7%) of patients, respectively. In control group results were considered to be excellent in 3 (21.4%), good - in 6 (42.9%), satisfactory - in 4 (28.6) and poor - in 1 (7.1%) of cases. Advantage of the proposed transosseous osteosynthesis technique is the modular principle of the construction use that enables to perform separate fixation with anterior (antishock) module followed by final reposition of the pelvic ring with posterior module after stabilization of patient’s vital functions. This allows to increase the number of external pelvic fixation in patients with polytrauma.
Revision of Hip Endoprosthesis Acetabular Component without Removal of Previously Implanted Cup
Authors: Zagorodniy N. V. , Bukhtin K. M. , Chragyan G. A. , Kagramanov S. V. , Galaev Kh. I.
Published: October 2018

Bone tissue deficit can be filled by various methods but all such methods increase the complicacy of surgical intervention and its volume that raises the risk of complications development. Experience in treatment of 77 years old patient with pains after revision hip arthroplasty is presented. Examination revealed wrong position of the stable acetabular component. Intraoperatively a decision was made to implant cemented cup without removing previously implanted one. That surgical technique enabled to eliminate pain syndrome, restore joint rotation center and biomechanics, to decrease intraoperative trauma, avoid use of allograft and conduct patient’s rehabilitation at terms common to primary joint replacement
Repair of Partial Thickness Articular Hyaline Cartilage Injuries with Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Bone Marrow Cells Transplantation in Rabbits
Authors: Chailakhyan R. K. , Shekhter A. B. , Tel’Pukhov V. I. , Ivannikov S. V. , Gerasimov Yu. V. , Vorobieva N. N. , Moskvina I. L. , Bagratashvili V. N.
Published: October 2018

Possibility of hyaline cartilage integrity restoration using multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MMSC) was studied on the rabbit model of partial thickness articular hyaline cartilage defect without subchondral plate damage. Size of defect made up 0.5 cm in diameter and 1.5 mm deep. Autologous bone marrow was harvested from the resected upper flaring portion of the ilium, single cell suspension was prepared and cultured in matrasses. Grown MMSC were centrifuged and the sediment was transferred into the cartilage defect. The cells were covered with either vicryl or gelatin sponge, or vicryl mesh. Histologic examination was performed in 4 months. It was shown that the most active regeneration of hyaline cartilage tissue, that substituted the largest part of a defect, was noted when MMSC were covered with vicryl mesh. One of the advantages of vicryl mesh use was that it neither protruded above the cartilaginous plate nor compressed the cells, and slowly resolved.
On the Safety of Osteoplastic Materials
Authors: Volkov A. V.
Published: October 2018

Experimental and clinical studies of osteoplastic materials of various groups were performed. IT was shown that implantation of osteoplastic materials stipulated the development of chronic productive inflammation by the type of foreign body response while the process of bone formation in the regenerate containing osteoplastic material entailed resorption of newly formed bone tissue on its surface. Analysis of the reasons of low biocompatibility of the materials was performed and scheme for osteoplastic material safety and efficacy study planning was proposed.
Treatment of Patients with Ruptures of Clavicular Acromial End using Designed Pin and Cortical Screw
Authors: Danilov M. A. , Borozda I. V.
Published: October 2018

Comparative treatment results are presented for 154 patients with closed injuries of the acromioclavicular joint. Main group included 34 patients who were operated on using the proposed fixation technique with designed K-wire and screw. The technique was elaborated with regard for the data of biomechanical studies. In control group (120 patients) fixation was performed with Lee hook ( n =76), K-wires ( n =25) and hook plate ( n =19). Proposed method was considered to be an effective (95.5 points by Constant-Murley score) and low-cost treatment technique characterized by short terms of hospitalization, (13.0±0.71 days) and temporary disability (40.4±0.71) days as well as by low rate of postoperative complications (3 (8.8%) cases).
Radical Dorsal Interventions in Treatment of Kyphotic Deformities (Literature Review)
Authors: Mikhailovskiy M. V. , Novikov V. V. , Udalov I. G.
Published: October 2018

Widely used in clinical practice surgical interventions directed to the correction of severe kyphotic spine deformities, i.e. Ponte osteotomy, Smith-Peterson osteotomy, pedicle subtraction osteotomy and vertebral column resection are presented. Surgical techniques, surgery planning based on spinal and pelvic sagittal contour parameters, treatment results are described.
Nikolay Nikolaevich Priorov - Life Devoted to Traumatology and Orthopaedics (In commemoration of 130th anniversary of birth)
Authors: Knopov M. Sh. , Taranukha V. K.
Published: October 2018

The article presents the life and creative path of the outstanding home trauma and orthopaedic surgeon, talented public health organizer, noted man of science, founder of prominent scientific school, Academician of USSR AMSc, Honored Science Worker of RSFSR Nikolay Nikolaevich Priorov.
Outcomes of Reconstructive Surgery for Defects of the Articular Ends of Bones Using Home Joint Implants
Authors: Mironov S. P. , Balberkin A. V. , Shavyrin D. A. , Karpov V. N. , Kolondaev A. F. , Snetkov D. A.
Published: October 2018

Long-term outcomes of reconstructive operations for substitution of post-resection defects of the articular ends of tubular bones that form the hip, knee and shoulder joints using home endoprosthesis were studied. The study included 344 patients who were treated at CITO department of bone pathology from 2004 to 2014. Substitution of the defect was performed in 236 and 108 cases for the knee, hip joints, respectively. Indications for surgical intervention were: bone tumors; previously performed arthroplasty failure; defects of the articular ends after failed traumatologic and orthopaedic operations; severe forms of knee arthroses. Functional results (MSTS scale), survival of constructions, inflammatory complications were analyzed and comparative evaluation with imported analogues was performed. General functional outcomes and rate of complications correspond to the data on application of new oncologic and modular endoprostheses presented in foreign literature.
Thromboprophylaxis after Arthroplasty in Practice of Outpatient Trauma and Orthopedic Physician: is it necessary?
Authors: Firsov S. A. , Matveev R. P. , Shevchenko V. P. , Tumorin L. S.
Published: October 2018

Analysis of the safety and efficacy of the currently marked oral anticoagulants in patients after large joints arthroplastyat outpatient step was presented for the first time in Russian clinical practice. Total number of 5025 patients after total knee and 5216 patients after total hip arthroplasty were examined. All patients were divided into 3 groups depending on prescribed anticoagulant (dabigatran, rivaroxaban or apixaban). Duration of therapy with corresponding drug after hip and knee arthroplasty was initiated after surgery and made up 35 and 45 days, respectively. Deep vein US examination was performed to all patients in 3 and 6 months after discharge. In patients on dabigatran the rate of clinically significant deep vein thrombosis development was lower than in patients on rivaroxaban and apixaban, and made up 5% vs 7.7 and 16%, respectively. Rate of nonfatal pulmonary embolism (PE) was comparable. Relapse of deep vein embolism development was diagnosed only in patients who received rivaroxaban. A suggestion on the expediency of a longer thromboprophylaxis after surgical interventions on large joints was made that would require extensive studies.
Use of Cannulated Screws in Pelvic Injury Surgery
Authors: Bondarenko A. V. , Kruglykhin I. V. , Voitenko A. N.
Published: October 2018

Osteosynthesis with cannulated screws is one of low invasive osteosynthesis techniques that does not aggravate the condition of polytraumatized patients and can be used at the early stages of treatment. The purpose of the study was to determine the peculiarities of cannulated screws application in pelvic ring and acetabular injuries. Cannulated screws were used at surgical treatment of 368 patients, aged 14–77 years, with pelvic injuries. The overwhelming majority of patients were with severe polytrauma (17 and more points by ISS score). Pelvic ring injuries (61st segment) were diagnosed in 259 (70.4%) patients, acetabular fractures (62nd segment) — in 75 (20.4%), pelvic ring injuries associated with acetabular fractures (61st and 62nd segments) — 34 (9.2%) patients. The screws were mainly used as the basic treatment technique, rarely — in combination with internal plate osteosynthesis and more rarely — in combination with external fixation device. Analysis of the results and complications was performed. Treatment results by Majeed pelvic score at terms 1 to 3 years were studied in 207 patients. Poor results were observed in 15 (7.2%) cases. Pelvic fracture osteosynthesis with cannulated screws has a number of advantages and can be referred to as one of the basic surgical techniques for pelvic fractures.
Massive Retroperitoneal Bleeding in Pelvic Fractures
Authors: Lazarev A. F. , Borozda I. V.
Published: October 2018

The review covers the problems of treatment of patients with unstable pelvic injuries accompanied by massive retroperitoneal bleeding. The questions of the determination of the source of intrapelvic bleeding, its intensity, volume and duration, methods for circulatory disorders correction and surgical hemostasis are considered in detail.
New Approaches to Systematization and Treatment of Impression Monocondylar Tibial Plateau Fractures
Authors: Gilev M. V. , Volokitina E. A. , Antoniadi Yu. V. , Kutepov S. M.
Published: October 2018

Treatment results for 109 patients (mean age 56 ± 1.7 years) with monocondylar impression tibial plateau fractures (ITPF) are presented. Patients from the control group (n=63) were operated on during the period from 2008 to 1010, patients from the main group (n=46) - from 2011 to 2013. Patients from the main group were treated with regard for injury localization relative to plateau center according to proposed operational classification of impression fractures (by CT data) and algorithm to choose the osteosynthesis technique depending on the anatomic and morphologic peculiarities of the intra-articular injury. In patients from the main group the evaluation by Rasmussen scale 36 months after intervention showed excellent results in 15 (38.4%), good - in 22 (56.4%), satisfactory - in 5 (12.8%) of patients, no poor results were recorded, and in patients from the control group - in 6 (11.5%), 8 (15.3%), 36 (69.3%) and 3 (5,8%) patients, respectively. Three (7.6%) complications (secondary displacement of fragments (2), knee contracture (1)) were observed in the main group, and 11 (20.9%) in the control group (20.9%) - local infectious inflammatory process (4), secondary displacement of plateau fragments (6), condylar sag (1). Perfected tactics of treatment of patients with ITPF enabled to achieve 3.48 times more excellent and good results (p<0.05).
Biochemical Changes in Tissues and Synovial Fluid of Hip Joint in Congenital and Degenerative-Dystrophic Diseases in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Kozhevnikov O. V. , Kralina S. E. , Furtseva L. N. , Bogdanova I. A. , Savost’Yanova N. M.
Published: October 2018

Results of biochemical analysis of hip tissues (femoral head cartilage, proximal femur bone tissue, scarry tissue from hip cavity) and synovial fluid in 72 children and adolescents (aged 1 - 18 years) with congenital and pathologic hip dislocation, Legg-Calve-Perthes disease, femoral head aseptic necrosis and early coxarthrosis are presented. In tissue samples the content of hydroxyproline, hexuronic acids and hexoses was determined. In synovial fluid the content of hyaluronic acid, total protein and protein fractions, albumin, glucose and alkaline phosphatase activity was analyzed. It was detected that in congenital and acquired hip pathology the articular cartilage showed increased content of hydroxyproline, disorders of glycosaminoglycan metabolism and shift in glycoprotein metabolism indicative of destructive changes of basic cartilaginous tissue substance. Changes of synovial fluid chemical composition confirmed the disturbance of synovium permeability and were closely related to the clinical picture of metabolic-dystrophic changes in the joint.
Experience in the use of Distal Fixation Femoral Component Use in Revision Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Zagorodniy N. V. , Ivanov A. V. , Kagramanov S. V. , Chragyan G. A. , Nikolaev I. A.
Published: October 2018

Purpose. To evaluate the efficacy of revision hip arthroplasty with use of distal fixation revision femoral component.

Patients and methods. From June 2004 through October 2015 one hundred thirteen revision arthroplasties were performed in patients with type 3A, 3B and 4 femoral defects by Paprovsky classification. Solution, Wagner SL and Cerafit revision femoral components for distal fixation were used. In the majority of cases (87) the cause of revision intervention was aseptic instability of the femoral component. In 60 cases revision was performed for cementless femoral components, in 53 - for cement components.

Results.Follow up period made up from 1 to 12 years. In 83.2% of cases excellent, good and satisfactory treatment results, i.e. pain syndrome remission, restoration of joint movements and extremity weight bearing ability were achieved.

Conclusion.Wagner SL, Solution and Cerafit modular revision stems ensure acceptable clinical treatment results and can be the implants of choice for hip femoral component revision arthroplasty in types 3A, 3B and 4 femoral defects by Paprovsky.
Legg- CalvePerthes Disease: Etiology, Pathogenesis Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Kozhevnikov O. V. , Lysikov V. A. , Ivanov A. V.
Published: October 2018

Etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment for Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease were studied. Basic methods of conservative and surgical treatment were presented. For the elaboration of more effective treatment techniques the better understanding of the pathogenesis of femoral head deformation is required.
INFLUENCE OF RADIOFREQUENCY DESRTRUCTION ON THE NERVE TISSUE MORFOLOGY IN EXPERIMENT
Authors: Sharamko T. G. , Kuleshov A. A. , Cherkashov A. M. , Kuz’min V. I. , Yudakova M. E. , Gorokhov M. A.
Published: October 2018

Introduction. Clinical efficacy of radiofrequency destruction (RFD) for the treatment of vertebrogenic pain syndrome and pain in coxarthrosis is confirmed by multiple studies. However the matter on morphologic changes in the nerve and surrounding tissue after directed local radiofrequency effect. Materials and methods. The study was performed on autopsy material – fragments of tibial nerve from 6 patients with lethal outcomes. Radiofrequency destruction was performed according to a standard protocol: within 90 sec under 80 C°. The sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin by Bilshowski-Gros method. Results. It was shown that RFD causes the coagulation lesions of the nerve tissue such as spiral deformation, axon fragmentation and nerve fibers dissociation. Conclusion. The data obtained may serve as a morphologic basis of RDF clinical efficacy. The presence of undamaged Schwann cells allows assuming the tropism of the effect upon the nerve tissue.
EXPERIENCE IN USE OF MODIFIED MCLAUGHLIN PROCEDURE FOR NEGLECTED LOCKED POSTERIOR SUBLUXATION OF THE HUMERAL HEAD
Authors: Belyak E. A. , Prizov A. P. , Lazko M. F. , Grigor’ev I. V. , Zagorodniy N. V. , Lazko F. L.
Published: October 2018

Treatment results for 7 patients who were operated on for neglected locked posterior subluxation of the humeral head with reverse Hill-Sachs lesion during 2013-2016 are presented. Surgical intervention included the open reduction of subluxation and transposition of thelesser tubercle of the humerusto a defect zone. Mean followup period was 14±3 months. Range of motion in shoulder joint and its function were restored almost completely with only small restriction in external rotation. No recurrence of subluxation was observed. All patients returned to professional and day-to-day activity.
RISK FACTORS OF BONE MINERAL DENSITY DEFICIT AND LOW-ENERGY FRACTURES IN PRIMARY OSTEOPOROSIS IN MEN
Authors: Rodionova S. S. , Khakimov U. R.
Published: October 2018

Purpose:to evaluate the role of well-known factors on the formation of bone mineral density (BMD) and risk of fractures in primary osteoporosis in men.

Patients and methods.The influence of well-known osteoporosis risk factors such as age, smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, genetic disorders in genes encoding COL1A1, COL1A2 and VDR-receptor products, history of low-energy fractures in first-line relatives upon the BMD value and risk of fractures was evaluated in 231 patients with primary osteoporosis. All patients were divided into three age groups according to the following forms of osteoporosis: 17-20 years (n=26) – juvenile form, 21-50 (n=103) – idiopathic form, patients over 51 years (n=102). To assess the influence of study factors on the risk of fractures the patients were subdivided into 5 groups according to fracture localization.

Results.The relationship between BMD deficit and mutations in homozygous form of gene rs2412298 (encodes collagen), and the tendency to a reliable increase of BMD deficit in L1 – L4 vertebrae under polymorphism in homozygous form of 1800012 gene was noted that might be evidence of their contribution to the development of primary osteoporosis in men. At the same time, smoking, alcohol consumption, age, mutations in homozygous form of gene rs2412298 and a history of low-energy fractures in first-line relatives increased the risk of low-energy fractures of the vertebral bodies and proximal femur.
ORGANIZATION OF RESCUE ACTIVITIES IN CRISIS SITUATIONS CAUSED BY TERRORIST ATTACKS
Authors: Kogut B. , Lubiewski P.
Published: October 2018

The organization of rescue operations is a highly complicated task due to the involvement of many entities in such activities. These entities often have different purposes, ways of performing tasks and management, and what is not without significance - different subordination. This paper presents the issues of organization of rescue operations on the example of World Youth Days organized in Poland in 2016. The study refers to the issues of terrorism, legal and organizational solutions of the use of the State Fire Service and medical security organized for the purposes of dealing with the consequences of a terrorist attack.
GAMING METHODS OF TRAINING WHILE TEACHING LANGUAGE FOR FUTURE WORKERS OF STATE EMERGENCY SERVICE
Authors: Babiy I.
Published: October 2018

Modern higher school requires the teacher to apply teaching methods which would ensure the intensive formation of communicative skills that are professionally important for future workers of the State Emergency Service. The article deals with one of the most effective teaching methods in the language training of future SES workers, viz. – business games. The basic characteristics and advantages of gaming methods, the application of which allows successfully to form the key personal and special competences of the students are clarified. The use of business games within the course «Culture of Business Communication» is considered. The use of gamestorming as an alternative gaming method in the language training of future SES workers is grounded.
ADMINISTRATIVE COMPETENCE FORMATION OF FUTURE SPECIALISTS IN THE FIELD OF THE HUMAN SECURITY: PRAXEOLOGICAL APPROACH
Authors: Povstyn O.
Published: October 2018

The concept "praxeology" and its content is considered in the article, the essence of the praxeological approach in the formation of managerial competence of future specialists in the field of human security and the possibilities of its use in the process of vocational training are discussed. The possibilities of using the praxeological approach to the formation of subjects in the educational process (teachers of higher educational institutions, practical workers involved in the training of future specialists in the field of security, students, cadets) are analyzed. The ability to choose effective technologies for its implementation and skills to effectively plan and carry out professional activities in civil protection agencies and departments, as well as in other state structures that provide security within the limits of their competencies and powers, in the further activities are also considered.
HEAT INSULATION-APPARATUS SYSTEMS OF HOUSEHOLD FACADE AS A FACTOR OF INCREASED FIRE HAZARD
Authors: Yakovchuk R. , Kuzyk A. , Miller O. , Lyn A.
Published: October 2018

The paper analyzes the problems associated with the fire hazard of the application of thermal insulation and finishing systems of facades of buildings, which directly depends on the design solution of the thermal insulation system and the type of thermal insulation material.

The generalized requirements for physical and technical indicators of the quality of heat-insulating materials; the possibility of applying facade heat insulation structures depending on their class, the height of the houses and the combustibility of the materials of the heat-insulating and finishing layers; fire-technical characteristics of expanded polystyrene are considered. The threats of fire spreading by thermal insulation systems of facades are analyzed and possible ways of its propagation between floors are considered.

It is concluded that the use of combustible thermal insulating materials poses an increased danger to life and health of people during a fire. The problem of ensuring the fire safety of buildings, in which the insulation and finishing systems of exterior walls are used, depends on a number of factors and requires a more thorough study.