bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variations and Trends in Rice Quality across Different Types of Approved Varieties in China, 1978–2022
Authors: Lu Yuqing , Tang Ying , Zhang Jiaen , Liu Si , Liang Xiaoyue , Li Meijuan , Li Ronghua
Published: June 2024

Rice is a staple food for nearly two-thirds of China’s population. As socio-economic development continues, there is a growing demand for high-quality rice. This study collected grain quality traits for 17,785 rice varieties approved throughout China, and categorized them into the following five types: indica inbred (II), indica hybrid (IH), japonica inbred (JI), japonica hybrid (JH), and indica-japonica hybrid (IJ). Comprehensive analyses were conducted to assess the differences and trends in rice quality across these varieties. We found that JI and JH excel in processing and cooking qualities, featuring higher brown rice and head milled rice rates, coupling with longer gel consistency. Inbred varieties display lower chalky rice rates than hybrids. Over several decades, head milled rice rates have notably increased across all types except for IJ. Transparency grade has decreased in nearly all types except for IJ, with similar declines observed in chalky rice rates and chalkiness degree, suggesting an overall progress in appearance quality. In terms of cooking and taste attributes, amylose content has decreased in most varieties except for IJ, and gel consistency has improved in indica varieties. Generally, the rice quality of varieties approved in China has shown a clear trend of improvement over the past 40 years. This study provides significant data support and theoretical backing for ongoing rice breeding efforts.
Yield Response of Grafted and Self-Rooted Tomato Plants Grown Hydroponically under Varying Levels of Water Salinity
Authors: Tola Elkamil , Al-Gaadi Khalid A. , Madugundu Rangaswamy , Zeyada Ahmed M. , Edrris Mohamed K. , Edrees Haroon F. , Mahjoop Omer
Published: June 2024

To overcome the scarcity of fresh water, researchers have turned to investigating different techniques that enable using saline water to irrigate crops, aiming to increase the efficiency of using available water resources. A glasshouse experiment was conducted to investigate the yield responses of grafted and non-grafted (self-rooted) tomato plants grown hydroponically under three levels of water salinity (2.5, 6.0, and 9.5 dS m−1). Three tomato varieties (Ghandowra-F1, Forester-F1, and Feisty-Red) were grafted onto five rootstocks (Maxifort, Unifort, Dynafort, Vivifort, and Beaufort). The implemented treatments were studied in terms of tomato fruit yield and quality parameters. Although increasing the concentration of salts in the nutrient solution led to a decrease in fruit yield, the moderate salinity level (S-2: 6.0 dS m−1) showed its superiority over both low salinity (S-1: 2.5 dS m−1) and high salinity (S-3: 9.5 dS m−1) in terms of tomato yield parameters. The studied rootstocks did not significantly improve the tomato fruit yield, but the interaction between the grafting combinations and salinity was significant for both production and quality. More specifically, tomato plants grafted onto the rootstocks “Vivifort and Beaufort” rendered the highest yield at a low salinity level (S-1: 2.5 dS m−1) and a moderate salinity level (S-2: 6.0 dS m−1), respectively, while at high salinity (S-3: 9.5 dS m−1), grafting did not improve tomato productivity, irrespective of the rootstock. These results confirm that tomatoes can be successfully grown under hydroponic systems using salinity levels of up to 6.0 dS m−1 without sacrificing fruit yield and quality. Among the studied tomato varieties, Feisty-Red was found to be appropriate for hydroponic production. The results also demonstrated that Vivifort and Beaufort rootstocks are suitable for grafting hydroponic tomatoes under low and moderate salinity levels, respectively.
The Effects of Dietary Saccharomyces cerevisiae Supplementation on Gut Microbiota Composition and Gut Health in Aged Labrador Retrievers
Authors: Cui Yingyue , Li Deping , Zhang Mingrui , Liu Pan , Wang Haotian , Li Yingying , Wu Yi
Published: June 2024

The intestinal microbiome changes with age, influencing the host’s health and immune status. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) positively affects intestinal function in humans and animals, but its effects on gut health and the microbiota profile in aged dogs have not been thoroughly investigated. Twenty aged Labrador Retrievers were divided into two groups: a control group (CON) and a S. cerevisiae group (SC). The experiment lasted for 42 days, with assessments of their intestinal barrier function, inflammatory factors, antioxidant markers, and fecal microbiome composition. The results showed that dietary S. cerevisiae reduced the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in the serum (p < 0.05). In the SC group, plasma superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities increased, while the level of malondialdehyde significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Additionally, dietary S. cerevisiae lowered the serum zonulin and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels (p < 0.05) and inhibited fecal ammonia production (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the microbiota profile showed that dietary S. cerevisiae decreased the abundance of Firmicutes but increased the Chao index, the abundance of Bacteroidetes, and the proportion of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes (p < 0.05). To conclude, dietary S. cerevisiae can regulate the gut’s microbial structure and gut health, which may contribute to the overall health of companion animals as they age.
Comparative Analysis of mRNA and lncRNA Expression Profiles in Testicular Tissue of Sexually Immature and Sexually Mature Mongolian Horses
Authors: Liu Yuanyi , Du Ming , Zhang Lei , Wang Na , He Qianqian , Cao Jialong , Zhao Bilig , Li Xinyu , Li Bei , Bou Gerelchimeg , Zhao Yiping , Dugarjaviin Manglai
Published: June 2024

Testicular development and spermatogenesis are tightly regulated by both coding and non-coding genes, with mRNA and lncRNA playing crucial roles in post-transcriptional gene expression regulation. However, there are significant differences in regulatory mechanisms before and after sexual maturity. Nevertheless, the mRNAs and lncRNAs in the testes of Mongolian horses have not been systematically identified. In this study, we first identified the testicular tissues of sexually immature and sexually mature Mongolian horses at the tissue and protein levels, and comprehensively analyzed the expression profiles of mRNA and lncRNA in the testes of 1-year-old (12 months, n = 3) and 10-year-old (n = 3) Mongolian horses using RNA sequencing technology. Through gene expression analysis, we identified 16,582 mRNAs and 2128 unknown lncRNAs that are commonly expressed in both sexually immature and sexually mature Mongolian horses. Meanwhile, 9217 mRNAs (p < 0.05) and 2191 unknown lncRNAs (p < 0.05) were identified as differentially expressed between the two stages, which were further validated by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and analyzed using Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). The analysis results showed that genes in the sexually immature stage were mainly enriched in terms related to cellular infrastructure, while genes in the sexually mature stage were enriched in terms associated with hormones, metabolism, and spermatogenesis. In summary, the findings of this study provide valuable resources for a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying testicular development and spermatogenesis in Mongolian horses and offer new perspectives for future related research.
A Case of Food-Borne Salmonellosis in a Corn Snake (Pantherophis guttatus) after a Feeder Mouse Meal
Authors: Meletiadis Arianna , Romano Angelo , Moroni Barbara , Di Nicola Matteo Riccardo , Montemurro Vittoria , Pitti Monica , Pezzolato Marzia , Bozzetta Elena , Sciuto Simona , Acutis Pier Luigi
Published: June 2024

Reptiles are usually asymptomatic carriers of Salmonella, with the manifestation of typical clinical signs of acute forms in adult and non-immunocompromised animals being considered exceptions. In the present case, an adult male corn snake (Pantherophis guttatus) was found dead due to septic shock 48 h after consuming a feeder mouse purchased online. The snake’s tissue samples and faeces were cultured for bacteria isolation. Microbiological examinations of the snake and mouse livers revealed the presence of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Midway. A whole-genome analysis of these two isolates showed a high correlation between them: they belonged to the strain type ST-357 for the classic MLST scheme and to the strain type ST 171322 for the cgMLST scheme. Also, a virulence gene analysis revealed the presence of stdB and STM3026 genes. This report conveys a case of food-borne salmonellosis in a pet snake, transmitted from a feeder mouse, likely responsible for the snake’s death due to septic shock. It highlights the relevance of feeder mice as a source of Salmonella infections in snakes and the associated risks to human health.
Measurement of Trace Elements (Zinc, Copper, Magnesium, and Iron) in the Saliva of Horses: Validation Data and Changes in Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome (EGUS)
Authors: Muñoz-Prieto Alberto , Cerón José , Tecles Fernando , Cuervo María , Contreras-Aguilar Maria , Ayala Ignacio , Oudada-Guillén Adrián , Pardo-Marín Luis , Hansen Sanni
Published: June 2024

The objective of this study was to evaluate the possible use of spectrophotometric assays for the measurement of trace elements, including Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Magnesium (Mg), and iron (Fe) in the saliva of horses and study their possible changes in equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS). EGUS is a highly prevalent disease, with a current high incidence due to the increase in intensive management conditions. There are two EGUS diseases: equine squamous gastric disease (ESGD) and equine glandular gastric disease (EGGD), which can appear individually or together. For this purpose, automated spectrophotometric assays for measuring these analytes in horse saliva were analytically validated. Then, these analytes were measured in the saliva of horses with only ESGD, only EGGD, both ESGD and EGGD and a group of healthy horses. The methods used to measure the analytes were precise and accurate. Horses diagnosed with EGGD presented significantly lower levels of Zn and Mg. Fe concentrations were significantly lower in the saliva of horses with ESGD and EGGD. Overall, these results indicate that there are changes in trace elements in saliva in EGUS that could reflect the physiopathological mechanisms involved in this process and open the possibility of using trace elements as biomarkers of this syndrome.
Associations of Physical Fitness with Cognitive Performance in Children Aged 7–12 Years: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Cortés-Rojas Rafael , Castellano-Ruiz María Isabel , Baeza-Medina Alberto , Gil-Espinosa Francisco Javier , Álvarez-Salvago Francisco , Jiménez-García José Daniel
Published: June 2024

(1) Background: The objective of the present study was to analyze the association of physical fitness, specifically lower limb strength, abdominal strength, vertical jump, and grip strength, with cognitive performance, specifically focusing on selective attention and memory in children aged 7 to 12 years. (2) Methods: Two hundred twenty-seven students participated in this study. Pearson correlation was used to analyze potential relationships between the independent variables and dependent variables. (3) Results: In relation to physical fitness, a higher number of abdominal repetitions performed in 30 s showed a significant and positive association with a higher number of correct responses assessed by the Stroop Test. Furthermore, at a functional level, higher grip strength correlated with a greater number of correct responses and a higher average correct response time in the Stroop Test. Additionally, grip strength showed a significant and positive correlation with the number of words recalled assessed by the word recall test. Our key findings showed a significant association of grip strength with the categories of cognitive status, selective attention, and memory. (4) Conclusions: This study reveals that physical fitness levels, especially grip strength and abdominal strength, correlate with selective attention capacity in primary school students.
Impact of Groundwater Fluctuations on the Stability of Super-Large-Diameter Caissons before and after Reinforcement
Authors: Dou Leisi , Wang Haitao , Li Bin , Yang Yulin , Di Danyang
Published: June 2024

Super-large-diameter caissons, serving as working wells for trenchless pipe jacking technology, are being extensively constructed alongside the increasing adoption of trenchless technology in urban areas. However, being regarded merely as ancillary structures, the structural stability of a caisson during both construction and operation phases are often neglected. This study, centered on the super-large-diameter caissons within the Jinshui River flood control project in Zhengzhou, China, systematically monitored the mechanical behavior of caisson structures and surface settlement during construction and operational phases. Utilizing a validated FE method, the influence of groundwater fluctuations on the structural stability of caissons during operational phases was examined. Furthermore, potential occurrences of loose soil, voids, and caisson tilting were considered. Subsequently, the applicability of permeable polymer, foam polymer, and anchor rod reinforcement techniques were evaluated, followed by an analysis of the structural stability of the caissons post reinforcement during long-term operations. The findings demonstrate the minimal horizontal displacement of and stress variation in caissons under seasonal groundwater fluctuations, without significant structural alterations. Nevertheless, the presence of loose soil, voids, and caisson inclinations may decline the caisson’s support force and bearing capacity. With the increase in non-compactness, void size, and inclination, the structural stability of caissons notably diminishes. Reinforcing loose soil with permeable polymers, filling voids with foam polymers, and utilizing anchor rods are all effective methods for strengthening caisson structures and enhancing their stability.
IAE-KM3D a 3D Object Detection Method Based on an Improved KM3D Network
Authors: Sun Yang , Li Song , Wang Haiyang , Tian Bin , Li Yi
Published: June 2024

Deep learning-based 3D target detection methods need to solve the problem of insufficient 3D target detection accuracy. In this paper, the KM3D network is selected as the benchmark network after the experimental comparison of current mainstream algorithms, and the IAE-KM3D network algorithm based on the KM3D network is proposed. First, the Resnet V2 network is introduced, and the residual module is redesigned to improve the training capability of the new residual module with higher generalization. IBN NET is then introduced to carefully integrate instance normalization and batch normalization as building blocks to improve the model’s detection accuracy in hue- and brightness-changing scenarios without increasing time loss. Then, a parameter-free attention mechanism, Simam, is introduced to improve the detection accuracy of the model. After that, the elliptical Gaussian kernel is introduced to improve the algorithm’s ability to detect 3D targets. Finally, a new key point loss function is proposed to improve the algorithm’s ability to train. Experiments using the KITTI dataset conclude that the IAE-KM3D network model significantly improves detection accuracy and outperforms the KM3D algorithm regarding detection performance compared to the original KM3D network. The improvements for AP2D, AP3D, and APBEV are 5%, 12.5%, and 8.3%, respectively, and only a tiny amount of time loss and network parameters are added. Compared with other mainstream target detection algorithms, Monn3D, 3DOP, GS3D, and FQNet, the improved IAE-KM3D network in this paper significantly improves AP3D and APBEV, with fewer network parameters and shorter time consumption.
D2D-Assisted Adaptive Federated Learning in Energy-Constrained Edge Computing
Authors: Li Zhenhua , Zhang Ke , Zhang Yuhan , Liu Yanyue , Chen Yi
Published: June 2024

The booming growth of the internet of things has brought about widespread deployment of devices and massive amounts of sensing data to be processed. Federated learning (FL)-empowered mobile edge computing, known for pushing artificial intelligence to the network edge while preserving data privacy in learning cooperation, is a promising way to unleash the potential information of the data. However, FL’s multi-server collaborative operating architecture inevitably results in communication energy consumption between edge servers, which poses great challenges to servers with constrained energy budgets, especially wireless communication servers that rely on battery power. The device-to-device (D2D) communication mode developed for FL turns high-cost and long-distance server interactions into energy-efficient proximity delivery and multi-level aggregations, effectively alleviating the server energy constraints. A few studies have been devoted to D2D-enabled FL management, but most of them have neglected to investigate server computing power for FL operation, and they have all ignored the impact of dataset characteristics on model training, thus failing to fully exploit the data processing capabilities of energy-constrained edge servers. To fill this gap, in this paper we propose a D2D-assisted FL mechanism for energy-constrained edge computing, which jointly incorporates computing power allocation and dataset correlation into FL scheduling. In view of the variable impacts of computational power on model accuracy at different training stages, we design a partite graph-based FL scheme with adaptive D2D pairing and aperiodic variable local iterations of heterogeneous edge servers. Moreover, we leverage graph learning to exploit the performance gain of the dataset correlation between the edge servers in the model aggregation process, and we propose a graph-and-deep reinforcement learning-based D2D server pairing algorithm, which effectively reduces FL model error. The numerical results demonstrate that our designed FL schemes have great advantages in improving FL training accuracy under edge servers’ energy constraints.
Issues and Needs for the Sustainable Development of Shellfish Farming in Italy
Authors: Tudini Lucia , Forgione Andrea
Published: June 2024

The Italian shellfish industry mainly comprises clams, mussels, and oysters. While clam production thrives and Italy leads Europe, mussel farming faces economic challenges. Oyster production is relatively new and holds potential. Sustainable development is crucial for meeting growing seafood demand while ensuring resource conservation and food safety. This paper, part of the VALUE-SHELL project funded by the Italian Ministry of Agriculture, Food Sovereignty and Forests (MASAF) as part of support activities for the National Strategic Plan of Aquaculture, combines desk research on industry structure and public interventions using a collaborative approach involving stakeholder interviews and focus groups with producers and local entities to assess the sector’s most compelling needs. The collaborative process highlighted key challenges across the following four sustainability pillars: environmental (global warming, predator control, and pollution mitigation are critical concerns for ecosystem balance); economic (increased production costs and limited diversification opportunities affect profitability); social (fear of generational decline due to limited training and education opportunities poses a threat to the industry’s future); and institutional (lack of a dedicated aquaculture law and fragmented governance hinder long-term planning). The project identifies policy bottlenecks hindering the sector’s potential, caused by not fully addressing producer needs. Sustainable development strategies are essential for addressing these challenges and ensuring the Italian shellfish industry’s future.
Harnessing Graph Neural Networks to Predict International Trade Flows
Authors: Sellami Bassem , Ounoughi Chahinez , Kalvet Tarmo , Tiits Marek , Rincon-Yanez Diego
Published: June 2024

In the realm of international trade and economic development, the prediction of trade flows between countries is crucial for identifying export opportunities. Commonly used log-linear regression models are constrained due to difficulties when dealing with extensive, high-cardinality datasets, and the utilization of machine learning techniques in predictions offers new possibilities. We examine the predictive power of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) in estimating the value of bilateral trade between countries. We work with detailed UN Comtrade data that represent annual bilateral trade in goods between any two countries in the world and more than 5000 product groups. We explore two different types of GNNs, namely Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) and Graph Attention Networks (GATs), by applying them to trade flow data. This study evaluates the effectiveness of GNNs relative to traditional machine learning techniques such as random forest and examines the possible effects of data drift on their performance. Our findings reveal the superior predictive capability of GNNs, suggesting their effectiveness in modeling complex trade relationships. The research presented in this work offers a data-driven foundation for decision-making and is relevant for business strategies and policymaking as it helps in identifying markets, products, and sectors with significant development potential.
Longitudinal Observation of Micromotion upon Loading of Implant–Abutment Connection
Authors: Yamashita Kohei , Kataoka Yu , Munakata Motohiro , Yamaguchi Kikue , Hayashi Myu , Baba Daisuke
Published: June 2024

While technological advances have made implants a good treatment option with a good long-term prognosis, peri-implantitis, which results in alveolar bone resorption around implants, has been observed in some cases. Micromotion at the implant abutment connection can cause peri-implantitis. However, the temporal progression of micromotion upon loading remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to longitudinally measure micromotion upon loading application on an implant. Implants with Morse-tapered connections were prepared. Custom titanium abutments were fabricated and tightened onto implant bodies at 35 N. A 100 N vertical load was applied for 200,000 cycles. Micromotion was measured when the load was applied, as was the total implant length and removal torque before and after loading. The micromotion was measured from the position data of the jig of the testing machine during loading. The average removal torque was 30.67 N after 10 min of tightening and 27.95 N after loading, indicating a decrease due to loading. The implant length reduced by 3.6 μm under the load. The average micromotion was 0.018 mm at 2 cycles, 0.016 mm at 100,000 cycles, and 0.0157 mm at 200,000 cycles, indicating implant length reduction under the load but not reaching 0. The micromotion between the implant and abutment under a cyclic load decreased over time but did not completely cease. These results highlight the relationship between micromotion and loading, underscoring the importance of careful monitoring and management to mitigate potential complications, such as peri-implantitis, and ensure optimal performance and durability of the implant.
Self-Incompatibility in Devil’s Potato (Echites umbellatus Jacq., Apocynaceae) May Explain Why Few Flowers Set Fruit
Authors: Koptur Suzanne , Primoli Andrea Salas , Valdes Imeña , Nusrat Maha
Published: June 2024

Pollinators are needed for the reproduction of Echites umbellatus, and only sphingid moths have mouthparts long enough to reach the nectar at the bottom of the species’ long, twisted floral tube. Though plants produce many flowers over a period of several months, one observes very few fruits in nature. We asked: (1) Are plants self-compatible, or do they need pollen from another individual to set fruit and seed? (2) Are cross-pollinations between unrelated individuals more successful than crosses with relatives? (3) How does the relatedness of pollen and ovule parent plants affect fruit set, seed number, and seed quality? We investigated the breeding system of E. umbellatus by collecting fruits from seven sites, growing plants and performing hand pollinations over a period of several years, collecting and measuring fruits and counting seeds. Echites umbellatus is self-incompatible, though some individuals produce fruit by self-pollination. Cross-pollinations between unrelated individuals set the most fruit (59%), and those that were self-pollinated set the least (9%). Fruit set from cross-pollinations between related individuals was intermediate (32%). Although the number of seeds per fruit did not differ significantly among pollination treatments, fruits from self-pollinations had substantially fewer viable seeds than outcrossed fruits, with fruits from sibling crosses being intermediate. There were higher levels of self-compatibility in the fragment populations compared with plants from intact habitats. Self-incompatibility may explain why fruit set is low in this plant species; future investigation into the breakdown of self-incompatibility in smaller populations is warranted.
Oxytocin and Vasopressin Gene Expression in the Brain as Potential Biomarkers for Cannabidiol Therapeutic Efficacy
Authors: Frodella Christa M. , Pruett Stephen B. , Ross Matthew K. , Kaplan Barbara L. F.
Published: June 2024

Over the last several years, there has been increased interest in cannabidiol (CBD) to treat various ailments such as pain, anxiety, insomnia, and inflammation. The potential for CBD as an anti-inflammatory therapy has come, in part, from its demonstrated ability to suppress neuroinflammation in autoimmune diseases, such as the mouse model of multiple sclerosis, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The increased use of CBD strongly suggests that more research is necessary to elucidate its safety and efficacy and determine the mechanisms by which it acts. Thus, we conducted two separate studies. In the first, RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis of brains of female mice undergoing EAE in the presence and absence of CBD was conducted to identify potential genes that mediated its neuroprotective effects when efficacious. In the second, we assessed some of the same genes in male and female mice treated with CBD in the absence of an immune stimulus. Together, these data showed that CBD modestly increased oxytocin (Oxt) and arginine vasopressin (vasopressin, Avp) gene expression in the brains of mice, regardless of whether there was active inflammation. Overall, these data suggest that Oxt and Avp might act as biomarkers for CBD exposure.
Sustainable Sensing with Paper Microfluidics: Applications in Health, Environment, and Food Safety
Authors: Kumar Sanjay , Kaushal Jyoti Bala , Lee Heow Pueh
Published: June 2024

This manuscript offers a concise overview of paper microfluidics, emphasizing its sustainable sensing applications in healthcare, environmental monitoring, and food safety. Researchers have developed innovative sensing platforms for detecting pathogens, pollutants, and contaminants by leveraging the paper’s unique properties, such as biodegradability and affordability. These portable, low-cost sensors facilitate rapid diagnostics and on-site analysis, making them invaluable tools for resource-limited settings. This review discusses the fabrication techniques, principles, and applications of paper microfluidics, showcasing its potential to address pressing challenges and enhance human health and environmental sustainability.
Phaseolus coccineus L. Landraces in Greece: Microsatellite Genotyping and Molecular Characterization for Landrace Authenticity and Discrimination
Authors: Bosmali Irene , Lagiotis Georgios , Ganopoulos Ioannis , Stefanidou Eleni , Madesis Panagiotis , Biliaderis Costas G.
Published: June 2024

Phaseolus coccineus L. is a highly valuable crop for human consumption with a high protein content and other associated health benefits. Herein, 14 P. coccineus L. landraces were selected for genetic characterization: two Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) landraces from the Prespon area, namely “Gigantes” (“G”) and “Elephantes” (“E”), and 12 additional landraces from the Greek Gene Bank collection of beans (PC1–PC12). The genetic diversity among these landraces was assessed using capillary electrophoresis utilizing fluorescence-labeled Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) and Expressed Sequence Tag (EST); Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) is a molecular marker technology. The “G” and “E” Prespon landraces were clearly distinguished among them, as well as from the PC1 to PC12 landraces, indicating the unique genetic identity of the Prespon beans. Overall, the genetic characterization of the abundant Greek bean germplasm using molecular markers can aid in the genetic identification of “G” and “E” Prespon beans, thus preventing any form of fraudulent practices as well as supporting traceability management strategies for the identification of authenticity, and protection of the origin of local certified products.
Investigation of the Long-Term Performance of Waste Backfill Materials of High Thermal Conductivity in Vertical Ground Heat Exchangers
Authors: Wu Ruichun , Chen Panpan , Liu Xinye , Xu Haiqiang , Zhang Guozhu , Chen Ankang
Published: June 2024

Backfill material used as a heat-transfer medium in boreholes of ground heat exchangers (GHEs) has a great influence on heat-transfer efficiency. Abandoned waste material causing environmental pollution has become a key issue around the world. To make full use of solid waste, backfill material made of waste fly ash in combination with graphite of high thermal conductivity was proposed. First, the thermal properties of cement/fly ash blended with different mass ratio of graphite were tested through laboratory tests. Then, a numerical model was established, in which the accuracy was validated based on a field test. Finally, an investigation of the long-term performance (over a period of 90 days) for four boreholes backfilled with natural sand, cement/fly ash, and cement/fly ash combined with different proportions of graphite was conducted through this numerical model, and the heat-transfer rates under constant inlet temperature in four boreholes decreased from 13.31, 44.97, 45.95, and 46.73 W/m to 14.18, 14.96, 15.66, and 16.19 W/m after the 90-day operation. Considering the influence of groundwater seepage, the horizontal groundwater flow had a positive impact, improving the long-term heat-transfer performance. The heat-transfer rates of four testing boreholes decreased from 44.46, 46.38, 47.22, and 47.68 W/m to 21.18, 21.93, 22.62, and 23.13 W/m. However, long-term groundwater seepage in a vertical direction caused a sharp decrease in the heat-transfer rate, and the values after 90 days were 10.44, 10.62, 10.78, and 10.81 W/m, which were the lowest of all the working conditions. The feasibility of using fly ash blended with graphite as backfill material was further validated through a comprehensive perspective, including indoor laboratory, field testing, and numerical simulation, which has rarely been conducted in previous research.
In Situ Testing and FEM Analysis of Dynamic Characteristics of a Masonry Pagoda under Natural Excitation
Authors: Hu Jiaxing , Zhou Ji , Wang Shilong , Sun Ming , Chen Hui , Li Xiaowu
Published: June 2024

Ancient masonry pagodas hold significant scientific, historical, and cultural importance. However, due to the complexity of masonry materials, structures, and boundary conditions, establishing finite element static and dynamic models for ancient masonry pagodas is highly challenging. This study aimed to explore the dynamic characteristics and finite element numerical simulation methods of ancient masonry pagodas in Yongzhou, Hunan province. It focused on the Huilong Pagoda in Yongzhou, where in situ test experiments under natural excitation are conducted. The SSI and NExT-ERA methods were employed to determine the ancient pagoda’s natural frequencies, vibration patterns, and damping ratios, and to validate the NExT-ERA method. The macroscopic numerical model of the Huilong Pagoda was calibrated using measured results. Subsequently, the NExT-ERA identification results were compared and analyzed with the numerical simulation results of the dynamic characteristics. The results indicate that the first three orders of natural frequencies for the ancient pagoda in the east–west direction are 1.937 Hz, 6.802 Hz, and 21.361 Hz, respectively. Similarly, the first three orders of natural frequencies in the north–south direction are 1.935 Hz, 7.439 Hz, and 21.398 Hz. The results obtained from both methods revealed that the overall structural damping ratio ranges from 0.21% to 2.89%. The numerical model was analyzed using ANSYS, and the first three orders of natural frequencies obtained were highly consistent with the measured values, exhibiting a maximum relative error of 8.54%. The numerical simulation method developed in this study can effectively simulate masonry pagodas.
Analysis of Gender Diversity Initiatives to Empower Women in the Australian Construction Industry
Authors: Yan Diya , Sunindijo Riza Yosia , Wang Cynthia Changxin
Published: June 2024

Organizations play an essential role in fostering a diverse and inclusive work environment. Despite attempts to encourage gender diversity in the workplace, the construction industry in Australia remains one of the most male-dominated industries. Existing research tends to focus on identifying barriers to gender equality and women’s career development, with limited exploration of organizations’ current initiative implementation. To fill this research gap, this study aims to examine how organizations implement initiatives affecting gender equality and women’s career development in the Australian construction industry. This study applied the women’s empowerment framework and conducted a thematic analysis of diversity, inclusion, and equality policies, strategies, action plans, corporate reports, annual reports, and websites within the context of gender equality and women’s career development in construction companies. Through a comprehensive analysis, the study identifies prevalent practices and initiatives related to gender equality initiatives in the construction industry, synthesizing them into six themes: flexible working arrangements, inclusive and anti-discriminatory culture, promoting career development, recruitment, and promotion, shared caring responsibility, and strategic commitments. The findings also revealed areas for improvement, giving recommendations on how to further empower women in the construction industry through enhanced gender diversity initiatives. This study sheds light on the current state of gender diversity and inclusion efforts within construction companies and provides practical recommendations for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and organizational leaders who seek to foster more inclusive and equitable work environments.
Effective Flange Width Based on Equivalence of Slab Crack Width at Hogging Moment Region of Composite Frame Beam
Authors: Tao Mu-Xuan , Zou Ze-Bin , Zhao Ji-Zhi
Published: June 2024

Steel–concrete composite structures have advantages in terms of strong bearing capacity and full utilisation of performance, and thus, composite frame beams are widely used in building construction. However, in the design and use of existing composite frame beams, the composite effect of a slab and steel beam cannot be completely taken into account. In this study, the effective flange width method is utilised to calculate the contribution of the slab reinforcement to the section moment of inertia to check the beam-end crack width via simulations using the general finite-element software MSC.MARC 2020. A parameter sensitivity analysis of the reinforcement tensile stress is conducted to determine critical influential geometric parameters for the side-column and centre-column hogging moment regions. Finally, design formulae for calculating the effective flange widths of the side- and centre-column hogging moment regions are proposed. In the formula for the side-column hogging moment region, the half column width (R) and steel-beam height (hs) are critical variables, whereas, in the formula for the centre-column hogging moment region, the steel-beam height (hs), slab width (bc), and half clear-span length (l) are critical variables. Both formulas are verified via a multiparameter simulation, which enables more accurate crack-checking calculations for the hogging moment region in the serviceability limit state. This study provides an important reference for fine finite-element simulations of serviceability limit states and shows the factors affecting the effective flange width that differ from those in the ultimate limit state.
Improving the Mechanical Properties of Concrete Mixtures by Shape Memory Alloy Fibers and Silica Fume
Authors: Xie Yuanyong , Far Harry , Mortazavi Mina , El-Sherbeeny Ahmed M.
Published: June 2024

Concrete, as one of the most widely applied materials in buildings, has high environmental impacts. Researchers are continually seeking solutions to mitigate these environmental issues while enhancing the mechanical strength and durability of concrete. However, there is a lack of studies on the effect of combining silica fume (SF) as pozzolanic materials and shape memory alloy (SMA) fibers on the mechanical properties of concrete. Moreover, there is very limited research on the influence of these materials on concrete mixtures after primary failure cracks using the secondary compressive strength test. In this research, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3% SMA and 5, 7.5, and 10% SF were applied and then subjected to compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, secondary compressive strength, and ultrasonic pulse velocity tests. According to the results, 10% SF is more economical, which increases the compressive, splitting tensile, and flexural strength by 14%, 7%, and 10%, respectively. Also, using 0.3% SMA improves the compressive, splitting tensile, and flexural strength by 2%, 5%, and 8%, respectively. Furthermore, SMA has the ability to reduce the secondary compressive strength compared to other samples, indicating the quality of this material in controlling stress after cracking. Finally, it was indicated that the combined use of these two materials increases the strength parameters.
Load Identification in Steel Structural Systems Using Machine Learning Elements: Uniform Length Loads and Point Forces
Authors: Tusnin Alexander R. , Alekseytsev Anatoly V. , Tusnina Olga A.
Published: June 2024

Actual load identification is a most important task solved in the course of (1) engineering inspections of steel structures, (2) the design of systems rising or restoring the bearing capacity of damaged structural frames, and (3) structural health monitoring. Actual load values are used to determine the stress–strain state (SSS) of a structure and accomplish various engineering objectives. Load identification can involve some uncertainty and require soft computing techniques. Towards this end, the article presents an integrated method combining basic provisions of structural mechanics, machine learning, and artificial neural networks. This method involves decomposing structures into primitives, using machine learning data to make projections, and assembling structures to make final projections for steel frame structures subjected to elastic strain. Final projections serve to identify parameters of point forces and loads distributed along the length of rods. The process of identification means checking the difference between (1) weight coefficient matrices applied to unit loads and (2) actual loads standardized using maximum load values. Cases of neural network training and parameters identification are provided for simple beams. The aim of this research is to enhance the reliability and durability of steel structures by predicting consequences of unfavorable load, including emergency impacts. The novelty of this study lies in the co-use of artificial intelligence elements and structural mechanics methods to predict load parameters using actual displacement curves of structures. This novel approach will enable engineering inspection teams to predict unfavorable load peaks, prevent emergency situations, and identify actual causes of emergencies triggered by excessive loading.
Seismic Response Analysis and Damage Calculation of Long-Span Structures with a Novel Three-Dimensional Isolation System
Authors: Gu Zhenyuan , Wu Xiaolong , Feng Lu , Sun Ying , Cheng Zhijun , Qian Wangping , Gong Hai
Published: June 2024

A novel three-dimensional isolation system consisting of thick rubber bearing (TNRB), disc spring bearing (DSB), and laminated rubber bearing (LRB) in series combination was designed, and its composition, principle, and isolation effect were comprehensively analyzed. By combining numerical examples, the whole structure method is used to compare and analyze the dynamic characteristics, dynamic response, and structural damage of large-span isolation structures containing new three-dimensional systems, large-span horizontal isolation structures based on LRB, and corresponding non-isolation structures under multi-dimensional seismic excitation. The results show that compared with the horizontal isolation structure based on LRB, the structure of the new three-dimensional isolation system has a 33% longer vertical natural vibration period, a 17.85% attenuation in the overall damage index, and a 36.86% increase in vertical energy dissipation capacity. It can achieve good isolation effects in both horizontal and vertical directions, which can form a favorable complement to the horizontal isolation structure based on LRB in terms of vertical isolation and energy dissipation.
Anti-MAPK Targeted Therapy for Ameloblastoma: Case Report with a Systematic Review
Authors: Raemy Anton , May Laurence , Sala Nathalie , Diezi Manuel , Beck-Popovic Maja , Broome Martin
Published: June 2024

Ameloblastoma, a benign yet aggressive odontogenic tumor known for its recurrence and the severe morbidity from radical surgeries, may benefit from advancements in targeted therapy. We present a case of a 15-year-old girl with ameloblastoma successfully treated with targeted therapy and review the literature with this question: Is anti-MAPK targeted therapy safe and effective for treating ameloblastoma? This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO, adhered to PRISMA guidelines, and searched multiple databases up to December 2023, identifying 13 relevant studies out of 647 records, covering 23 patients treated with MAPK inhibitor therapies. The results were promising as nearly all patients showed a positive treatment response, with four achieving complete radiological remission and others showing substantial reductions in primary, recurrent, and metastatic ameloblastoma sizes. Side effects were mostly mild to moderate. This study presents anti-MAPK therapy as a significant shift from invasive surgical treatments, potentially enhancing life quality and clinical outcomes by offering a less invasive yet effective treatment alternative. This approach could signify a breakthrough in managing this challenging tumor, emphasizing the need for further research into molecular-targeted therapies.
Hump-Nosed Pit Viper (Hypnale hypnale) Venom-Induced Irreversible Red Blood Cell Aggregation, Inhibition by Monovalent Anti-Venom and N-Acetylcysteine
Authors: Sandesha Vaddaragudisalu D. , Naveen Puttaswamy , Manikanta Kurnegala , Mahalingam Shanmuga S. , Girish Kesturu S. , Kemparaju Kempaiah
Published: June 2024

Envenomation by the Hypnale hypnale in the Western Ghats of India (particularly in the Malabar region of Kerala) and the subcontinent island nation of Sri Lanka is known to inflict devastating mortality and morbidity. Currently, H. hypnale bites in India are devoid of anti-venom regimens. A detailed characterization of the venom is essential to stress the need for therapeutic anti-venom. Notably, the deleterious effects of this venom on human blood cells have largely remained less explored. Therefore, in continuation of our previous study, in the present study, we envisioned investigating the effect of venom on the morphological and physiological properties of red blood cells (RBCs). The venom readily induced deleterious morphological changes and, finally, the aggregation of washed RBCs. The aggregation process was independent of the ROS and the intracellular Ca2+ ion concentration. Confocal and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed the loss of biconcave morphology and massive cytoskeletal disarray. Crenation or serrated plasma membrane projections were evenly distributed on the surface of the RBCs. The venom did not cause the formation of methemoglobin in washed RBCs but was significantly induced in whole blood. Venom did not affect glucose uptake and Na+/K+ -ATPase activity but inhibited glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase activity and decreased the fluidity of the plasma membrane. Venom-induced RBC aggregates exhibited pro-coagulant activity but without affecting platelet aggregation. In pre-incubation or co-treatment studies, none of the bioactive compounds, such as melatonin, curcumin, fisetin, berberine, and quercetin, sugars such as mannose and galactose, and therapeutic polyvalent anti-venoms (Bharat and VINS) were inhibited, whereas only N-acetylcysteine and H. hypnale monovalent anti-venom could inhibit venom-induced deleterious morphological changes and aggregation of RBCs. In post-treatment studies, paradoxically, none of the bioactives and anti-venoms, including N-acetylcysteine and H. hypnale monovalent anti-venom, reversed the venom-induced RBC aggregates.
Environmental Win–Win Management: Using Aluminum-Based Solid Waste for Synozol Red-KHL Dye Oxidation
Authors: Nour Manasik M. , Elsayed Zahraa A. , Tony Maha A.
Published: June 2024

The awareness of the concept of the “Circular Economy” is motivating scientists to convert drinking water treatment plant by-products, which are based on aluminum waste, into a valorized material for wastewater treatment. Alum sludge from a local waterworks plant in Egypt was collected and dewatered using chitosan-coated magnetic nanoparticles. The role of the conditioned sludge in wastewater treatment was then examined. Chitosan (Ch) augmented with magnetite nanoparticles (MNs), labeled as ChMNs, was prepared by means of a simple co-precipitation route with mixing ratios of 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1 of chitosan and magnetite nanoparticles to form the ChMN catalyst. The ChMNs were shown to beneficially enhance alum sludge conditioning and dewaterability. The conditioned and dried aluminum-based sludge (AS) loaded with ChMNs was then used as a source of Fenton’s catalyst for Synozol Red-KHL textile dyeing wastewater. The characteristics of the AS-ChMN sample were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The photocatalytic activity of the AS-ChMN composite was assessed by examining its diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS). Response surface methodological analysis was applied to optimize the operational parameters in order to reduce the use of chemicals and improve dye oxidation to form a complete (99%) dye oxidation strategy. The experiments demonstrated that the optimal operating parameters included doses of 1.5 g/L and 420 mg/L for AS-ChMNs and hydrogen peroxide, respectively, as a source of Fenton’s reaction at a working pH of 3.5. Kinetic and thermodynamic analyses for potential full-scale applications were conducted, showing the reaction to be exothermic and spontaneous in nature and following second-order reaction kinetics. Hence, the novelty of this work lies in the introduction of conditioned and dewatered alum sludge waste as a photocatalyst for textile dye effluent oxidation, which could be considered a “win–win” strategy.