bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efektivitas Health Coaching terhadap Peningkatan SelfCare Penderita Tuberkulosis Paru
Authors: Putri Diana  , Safruddin  , Brajakson Siokal  , Rahmat Hidayat
Published: July 2024

Salah satu penyebab rendahnya keberhasilan pengobatan TB paru karena rendahnya kesadaran penderita TB Paru dalam melakukan selfcare atau perawatan diri. Tercapainya upaya TB Paru dalam meningkatan selfcare atau perawatan diri melalui health coaching. Tujuan Penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh health coaching terhadap peningkatan selfcare pada penderita TB Paru di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Bontomarannu 2022. Desain penelitian menggunakan desain quasi experimental pretest-posttest with control group. Sampel diambil dari populasi yang memenuhi kriteria sampel inklusi dan eksklusi di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Bontomarannu. Tekhnik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling dengan jumlah 42 sampel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada kelompok intervensi terjadi peningkatan kepatuhan minum obat dan tindakan pencegahan penularan penyakit TB Paru sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol tidak terjadi peningkatan kepatuhan minum obat dan tindakan pencegahan penularan penyakit TB Paru. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah pada kelompok intervensi terdapat pengaruh health coaching terhadap peningkatan selfcare pada penderita TB Paru. Kepatuhan minum obat dilihat dari nilai p value = 0,000 dan tindakan pencegahan penularan penyakit TB Paru dilihat dari p value = 0,000 dan kelompok kontrol tidak ada pengaruh health coaching terhadap peningkatan selfcare pada penderita TB Paru, kepatuhan minum obat dilihat dari nilai p value = 1,000 dan tindakan pencegahan penularan penyakit TB Paru dilihat dari p value = 0,564. Terdapat perbedaan kepatuhan minum obat antara kelompok intervensi dan kelompok kontrol dengan nilai p value = 0,000 dan terdapat perbedaan tindakan pencegahan penularan penyakit TB Paru antara kelompok intervensi dan kelompok kontrol dengan nilai p value =0,000.
Evaluation of the Plant Growth Promoting Effect of Root Contact, Diffusible and Volatile Compounds Produced by Rhizobacteria and Microalgae on Arabidopsis Thaliana
Authors: Erdélyi Hédi , Czobor Ádám , Szijjártó Péter , Bódai Viktória , Erdélyi Balázs , Nagymáté Zsuzsanna
Published: July 2024

Bacteria and microalgae have beneficial impact on plant growth and survival through host functional and adaptive traits via complex mechanisms. Volatile and non-volatile metabolites produced by microorganisms have a continuous effect on plants by providing nutrients and regulating various plant metabolic and signaling pathways. The aim of this study was to assess the plant promoting effect of two Chlorella spp. microalgae under mixotrophic conditions, as well as the effects of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) Bacillus sp. WCC-B36, Azospirillum sp. WCC-ASP12 and Azotobacter sp. WCC-IZA56 on the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Growth and quality parameters were followed in three different co-cultivation systems as (i) direct root contact supplemented with density effect, (ii) contact with diffusible compounds and (iii) effects of volatile compounds. Direct effect mediated by rhizobacteria promoted significant shoot and root length growth with well-developed root architecture at low bacterial densities (<105 CFU – colony forming unit mL−1), which became more pronounced over time. At a higher microbial density (>107 CFU mL−1), plant growth was retarded regardless of the bacteria present. This suggests that the microenvironment surrounding the colonies was altered and there was competition for nutrients. Our results indicate that the metabolites, diffusible and volatile organic substances produced by the microalgae enhanced lateral root growth and root hair formation, while inhibited primary root elongation. Volatile and diffusible substances of Chlorella sp. CHL13 and Bacillus sp. WCC-B36 have the most significant effect on seedlings and primary root growth.
Failure Mechanism and Structural Optimization of the Primary Support Structure for Expressway Tunnel in Soft Rock: A Case Study
Authors: Wu Yamin , Duan Junfeng , Xu Jinfeng , Xu Wanmin
Published: July 2024

When the highway tunnel crosses the soft rock, the primary support structure often fails and damages because it cannot withstand the excessive surrounding rock pressure. For the Magu tunnel in Yunnan Province, which is in the upper hard and lower soft stratum, the surrounding rock deformation is large, and the primary support structure occurs spray concrete cracking, steel arch frame twisting deformation. According to the convergence constraint curve, this paper proposes to adopt the primary support optimization design scheme of "shortening the bench length + optimizing the length and arrangement of anchor rods". According to the numerical simulation results of FLAC3D, the important indexes such as deformation convergence, surrounding rock stress, anchor axial force and thickness of plastic zone in different excavation support conditions are analyzed. The conclusions are as follows: 1. The soft rock at the foot of the benches does not provide sufficient support resistance, resulting in large settlement and convergence deformation that can cause the primary support structure to fail and become damaged. 2. The length of the middle bench and the primary support strength and stiffness contribute most to the deformation. 3. The deformation control effect of the short anchor rods on the surrounding rock is relatively weak. Increasing the length of anchor can better play the role of anchor suspension enhancement and give full play to the surrounding rock's own bearing capacity. Finally, the deformation of the tunnel is under control after adopting the optimized primary support structure, which ensures the smooth construction.
Perancangan Video Promosi Silumer Cake Solo
Authors: Atikah Tata , Siwi Mahanani Prijayanti  , Ananto Singgih Agung Wicaksono  , Anisa Lailatul Mukarromah  , Fajar Rizkizha Ditya , Rachman Anung , Agneyastra Dite Stri
Published: July 2024

Setiap perusahaan harus melakukan promosi.Tujuan promosi utama adalah menarik perhatian pelanggan dengan menggunakan pesan persuasif. Instagram sekarang dapat digunakan untuk bisnis dan hiburan karena popularitasnya sebagai media sosial yang disukai pengguna. Tujuan penelitian in adalah untuk mengetahui kegiatan perancangan video promosi melalui instagram silumer. Metode perancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi, dokumentasi dan wawancara. Peneliti menarik kesimpulan bahwa Silumer berhasil menggunakan media promosi video sebagai cara utama untuk membuat Silumer Cake dikenal dan menarik perhatian audiens yang ditargetkan.
Провідні етапи формування соціальних уявлень молоді
Authors: Омелянюк Сергій
Published: July 2024

У статті проведено теоретико-методологічний аналіз підходів до вивчення соціальних уявлень молоді та розкрито провідні етапи їх формування. Описано як індивідуальний світогляд і соціальні уявлення молоді вбудовуються у суспільну пізнавальну систему, а процес формування уявлень розглянуто як безперервний цикл, де індивідуальні уявлення вбудовуються в колективні (соціальні) уявлення, які, у свою чергу, впливають на структуру індивідуальних переконань, знань, світогляду молодої людини. Соціальні уявлення розглядаються як частина соціального мислення особистості. Наголошується, що вивчення соціального мислення дозволяє розкрити як проблеми свідомості, так і тенденції розвитку особистості і суспільства. У звʼязку з цим розглянуто етапи формування соціальних уявлень молоді. Так, на етапі проблематизації молода людина аналізує та структурує навколишню дійсність, а також виділяє проблему, яку необхідно розглянути, щоб сформувати ставлення до цієї дійсності. На етапі інтерпретації вона формує ставлення до обʼєкта на основі наявного у неї досвіду, а також перевірених гіпотез та висновків, отриманих у ході індивідуального дослідження. Наступний етап, репрезентація, полягає у тому, що соціальні уявлення, які вже сформувалися, транслюються у суспільство. І, виходячи з попередніх етапів відбувається категоризація понять, яка полягає у побудові чітких формулювань, що пояснюють зміст уявлень і формування розуміння співвідношення та звʼязку соціальних уявлень про досліджувану проблему з іншими, раніше сформованими уявленнями.
El uso de la dactiloscopia como técnica forense para la identificación y sanción de delitos relacionados con la delincuencia organizada
Authors: Arias Garofalo Lady Fernanda , Chucad Paca Erika Azucena , Parra Corro Janneth Estefania
Published: July 2024

Introducción.  Los grupos de delincuencia organizada, algunos con ramificaciones internacionales, se han convertido en un problema de Estado, tanto en Ecuador, como en otros países. Ello exige a los cuerpos de seguridad y de policía utilizar los conocimientos propios de la medicina legal o forense para maximizar la eficacia en la identificación de los culpables de los delitos y así permitir a la justicia sancionarlos. Entre los principales recursos de la medicina forense se encuentra la dactiloscopia como disciplina de gran efectividad. Objetivo. Elaborar un estado de la cuestión del uso de la dactiloscopia como técnica forense para la identificación y consecuente acción de la justicia en la sanción de delitos relacionados con el crimen organizado. Metodología. Investigación básica, cualitativa, de alcance exploratorio, mediante una revisión documental y bibliográfica de artículos científicos, tesis académica y otras publicaciones sobre el tema. Resultados. La delincuencia organizada es una realidad que se ha extendido por todo el continente americano, con ramificaciones en todo el mundo. Sus raíces se hunden en complejas situaciones sociales en los países, así como su desarrollo abarca una gran variedad de actividades, entre las cuales destacan las situaciones de sicariato, secuestro, tráfico de personas, narcotráfico, extorsión y otros. En ese contexto, el uso de las disciplinas auxiliares de la medicina forense, especialmente de la dactiloscopia, se ha convertido en un instrumento de alta eficacia para la identificación de los infractores y en la sustanciación de los expedientes ante la justicia penal. Conclusión. La identificación de los responsables de los delitos atribuidos al crimen organizado es una tarea central en la sustanciación de los expedientes para la justicia penal. Para ello, los especialistas en medicina forense poseen las poderosas herramientas que aporta la dactiloscopia, que ha sido clave en el esclarecimiento de muchas situaciones delictivas. Área de estudio general: Medicina. Área de estudio específica: Medicina legal o forense
Premature Ejaculation: Current Status and New Development
Authors: Gupta Sudip Das , Faruque Mohammad Salahuddin , Uddin Sharif Mohammad Wasim , Rahman Mohammad Mahfuzur , Md Rasiduzzaman - , Islam Md Mozaharul , Mridha Nazrul Islam
Published: July 2024

Objective: To assess the articles published on current and recent advanced treatments of premature ejaculation (PE) and assist clinicians to select the effective management of PE by increasing knowledge and awareness of the outcomes associated with current medical and surgical treatment options.
Methods: An Online literature search was conducted to identify relevant, peer-reviewed, and clinical and review articles published related to current and recent advanced treatments of premature ejaculation (PE). Search terms for this non-systematic review included ‘premature ejaculation’, ‘current treatment and outcome’, ‘new development of Premature Ejaculation’. Search terms were separately searched and in combination. Case studies and editorials were excluded. Primary manuscripts and reviews were included and references of articles of interest were reviewed and key references were obtained.
Result: There is no established treatment, validated screening instrument or diagnostic criteria for PE. The pathophysiology and etiology of PE are not well known. The negligence of patients and physicians to talk about PE and the lack of knowledge are the main barrier for the treatment of PE. Currently there are several treatment options including psychological counseling, behavioral therapy, and pharmacotherapy like antidepressants, topical anesthetics or phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor. However, surgical treatment remains on trial, specifically dorsal nerve division.
Bangladesh Journal of Urology, Vol. 20, No. 1, January 2017 p.42-45
Comparative analysis of using housefly maggot, silkworm pupae and earthworm meal-based diets in rohu, Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822)
Authors: Rani Manju , Sharma Neeta Raj , Kumar Pawan
Published: July 2024

A study was conducted in rohu fish, Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) to assess the potential of silkworm pupae, housefly maggot, and earthworm meals as a replacement for soybean meal. In this context, four isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were prepared, viz., control – SM (30% soybean meal inclusion level), SPM (30% silkworm pupae meal inclusion), HMM (30% housefly maggot meal inclusion level) and EWM (30% earthworm meal inclusion level). The rohu fingerlings (initial average body weight:5.07 ± 0.01 g) were fed twice daily with the respective experimental diets to reach satiation levels. Specific growth rate (SGR), final body weight (FBW), per cent weight gain (WG), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were significantly affected among the experimental groups. SPM and HMM groups had significantly higher FBW, SGR, WG and PER values than the control - SM and EM groups. However, there was no significant difference between the control and EWM groups, and between SPM and HMM groups. FCR values showed a significant reverse trend in respect to WG. Incorporation of SPM and HMM in rohu diets gave greater growth performance and feed utilisation efficiency than SM and EWM-based diets.
First report of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera, Tephritidae) on the white - fleshed dragon fruit Selenicereus undatus (Haworth) D.R. Hunt (Cactaceae) in India
Authors: Akheela P. , Santhoshkumar T. , Varghese Thania Sara
Published: July 2024

The oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) has been reported on the white fleshed dragon fruit Selenicereus undatus (Haworth) D.R.Hunt for the first time in India. Symptoms of infestation and the duration of all life stages were observed. Females laid eggs just beneath the mature fruit skin. The tissue surrounding the egg mass turned light yellow. Oviposition punctures were visible on the fruit rind and the feeding of the maggots led to decay of internal contents, foul smell and the fruit turned in to a discolored semi liquid mass. Full grown maggots exited the fruit and entered a period of inactivity before pupation in moist soil. The egg, maggot and pupal stages lasted for 1.6± 0.40, 8.0 ± 0.40 and 8.0 ± 0.31 days, respectively under laboratory conditions. Adult longevity was 9.6 ± 0.5 days in the case of females and 6.4 ± 0.50 days for males.
Construcción sostenible con tierra y madera
Authors: Calderón-Peñafiel Juan Carlos ,   Universidad del Azuay
Published: July 2024

Los tabiques han sido elementos esenciales en la arquitectura y la construcción desde tiempos remotos hasta la actualidad. La necesidad de dividir espacios interiores ha impulsado el desarrollo de diversos materiales y sistemas constructivos a lo largo de la historia. En los siglos XIX y XX, los avances científicos y tecnológicos llevaron a la industrialización de materiales como el acero, el hormigón y los ladrillos cerámicos. Sin embargo, estos avances no consideraron su impacto ambiental y huella ecológica. La tierra, especialmente la arcilla, ha sido uno de los materiales más sostenibles empleados en la construcción a través de técnicas tradicionales como el adobe, el bahareque y el tapial. Pese a ser relegada tras l a revolución industrial, la tierra sigue siendo relevante para la construcción sostenible. La madera, otro material clave, se ha combinado con tierra en sistemas mixtos. Aunque la deforestación ha sido un problema, hoy se promueven prácticas de cultivo sostenible para asegurar su disponibilidad sin dañar el ecosistema. La arquitectura contemporánea, respondiendo a la crisis ambiental del siglo XXI, ha vuelto a enfocarse en materiales sostenibles y técnicas de construcción a base de tierra y madera. Este libro examina el us9o de estos materiales en la fabricación de tabiques, desde técnicas tradicionales hasta las tecnologías modernas en estructuras mixtas. Se presentan prototipos de tabiques sostenibles, modulares y prefabricados que incorporan bloques de tierra comprimida y estructuras de madera, cumpliendo con los requisitos de la arquitectura moderna y ofreciendo alternativas que minimizan el impacto medioambiental en comparación a los sistemas convencionales. Además, proporciona herramientas conceptuales y prácticas para arquitectos, diseñadores y constructores interesados en modelos constructivos sostenibles que incorporan los materiales antes mencionados.329 páginas ISBN: 9789942645944 EISBN: 9789942645951
IMPLEMENTASI METODE PEMBELAJARAN TEAM GAMES TOURNAMENT (TGT) DENGAN MEDIA GURITA PADA PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA MATERI UNSUR INTRINSIK CERITA PENDEK
Authors: Issyibilla Aurellya , Rizal Maulfi Syaiful
Published: July 2024

This research aims to implement the Team Games Tournament (TGT) learning method using an octopus media on the intrinsic elements of short stories and to determine the impact of implementing this teaching method. The study employs the Team Games Tournament (TGT) method with an octopus media to examine its implementation in teaching the intrinsic elements of short stories. It adopts a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. Data collection techniques and sources include classroom observations of XI-2 at SMA Negeri 1 Kepanjen, interviews with teacher, and questionnaires distributed to students. Data analysis employs data reduction techniques, where information is summarized and essential points are identified. The findings are presented descriptively. The implementation of the teaching method with the aid of media encourages active student participation in the learning process, and students do not feel bored when reading materials or short stories presented, which also positively impacts student learning outcomes.
ERROR ANALYSIS IN SOLVING APPLIED MATHEMATICS PROBLEMS BASED ON THE NEWMAN PROCEDURE
Authors: Irianti Nathasa Pramudita , Barr Farah Dzil , Nurasiah Lilis , Irsal Nur Aliyyah
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this study is to describe the various kinds of errors made by taruna when solving applied mathematics problems based on the Newman procedure. Newman divides errors into 5 types, namely reading error, comprehension error, transform error, process skill error, and encoding error. This research uses descriptive qualitative research methods. Data collection techniques were carried out using tests and interviews. Data reduction, data presentation, and verification or conclusion drawing are part of this research. Based on the results of research and data analysis, it can be seen that in solving mathematical problems in land mathematics courses there are 5% of subjects experience errors in reading errors, 16% of subjects experience errors in comprehension errors, 9% errors in transform errors, 26% of subjects experience process skill errors, and 9% errors in encoding errors. Most of the errors were errors in the selection of problem-solving strategies.
Pengembangan Alat Monitoring Kanopi Pada Sistem Smart Home Berbasis IoT (Internet of Things)
Authors: Nugroho Bagus Adi , Susanto Rudi , Pradana Afu Ichsan
Published: July 2024

Kanopi merupakan infrastruktur untuk melindungi barang-barang di luar ruangan dari cuaca. Kanopi konvensional umumnya berdesain kaku, dimana kanopi dipasang tetap pada tempatnya. Permasalahan utama dari kanopi konvensional, apabila lahan terbatas dan ruangan digunakan untuk kegiatan menjemur pakaian, sinar matahari tidak dapat masuk ke dalam area tersebut, kanopi menjadi kurang efektif dari segi desain ataupun manfaat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan sebuah alat untuk memonitoring dan mengontrol kanopi secara otomatis dengan menggunakan metode prototyping dimulai dari Communication, Quick Plan, Modeling Quick Design, Construction of Prototype, dan Deployment Delivery & Feedback. Penambahan sensor kelembaban DHT22 dan sensor cahaya BH1750 dapat membantu sensor Raindrop dalam memvalidasi kondisi hujan atau cerah sehingga membuat sistem lebih akurat. Hasil pengujian dari ketiga sensor berdasarkan rule/peraturan didapatkan sistem yang dapat menjalankan tugas sesuai yang diharapkan. Berdasarkan pengujian Black Box pada Sistem IoT didapatkan hasil bahwa  sistem dapat terintegrasi dengan platform Blynk dengan baik.
On some causes of hospital mortality during intensive care of patients with a new COVID-19 coronavirus infection
Authors: Utkin N.N. ,   Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Irkutsk, Russia, Gorbachev V.I. , Netesin E.S. , Gorbachev S.V. ,   Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Irkutsk, Russia,   Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Irkutsk, Russia,   Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Irkutsk, Russia
Published: July 2024

Relevance. The outbreak of a new coronavirus infection showed the unpreparedness of the whole world to such an epidemic both from medical institutions and from organizations that evaluate the quality of medical care. Objective. To identify the main predictors affecting the hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19 during intensive care. Materials and methods. 93 patient's case histories of patients who were in in-patient treatment with the main diagnosis COVID-19, community-acquired double -sided polysegmental viral pneumonia, ARDS were subjected to analytical examination. The sample was carried out using the blind method for the period from April 01,2021 to October 31, 2021. Statistical processing was carried out using the Statistica 10.0 program (Windows) and using an online calculator located on the Internet resource at: https://medstatic.ru/calculators/calcrisk.html. Results. In this study, two main groups of predictors of the death of patients with COVID-19 are identified. The first group: the accompanying somatic pathology that was already in patients, and the second are intensive care defects that did not always occur due to the doctor’s poor quality performance of their professional duties. Conclusions. Currently, unquestioning execution of temporary methodological recommendations for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) is possible only in the conditions of multidisciplinary hospitals based on regional centers, where there are all the necessary resources, which leads to a reduction in cases of deaths among patients. Their poor performance somewhere in remote areas raises many questions.
The significance of echocardiography in the diagnosis of constrictive pericarditis
Authors: Glazun L.O. ,   Postgraduate Institute for Public Health Workers of the Ministry of Health of the Khabarovsk Krai, Khabarovsk, Russia, Polukhina E.V. , Avilova A.A. ,   Postgraduate Institute for Public Health Workers of the Ministry of Health of the Khabarovsk Krai, Khabarovsk, Russia,   Postgraduate Institute for Public Health Workers of the Ministry of Health of the Khabarovsk Krai, Khabarovsk, Russia
Published: July 2024

Constrictive pericarditis is a severe, but potentially reversible cause of heart failure in case of timely diagnosis and treatment. Its diagnosis represents certain difficulties, since constrictive pericarditis is a rare disease and is often masked under the clinical picture of other diseases that cause heart failure. The purpose of the article is to attract the attention of clinicians and experts of ultrasound and functional diagnostics to identify echocardiographic constitutional criteria that reflect the main disorders of the physiology of the heart and are the most important signs in the diagnosis of constrictive pericarditis. The article is an overview of literature illustrated by authors' own material, dedicated to the value of echocardiography in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of constitutional pericarditis. Transstoracal echocardiography with a thorough assessment of intracardial hemodynamics and its dependence on respiratory phases is the first and most important method of primary diagnostic visualization in most patients with pericardial diseases. Along with echocardiography, the significance of other non-invasive visualization methods in the diagnosis of constant pericarditis is given.
ANALISIS STRATEGI DIGITAL UNTUK PENINGKATAN KEUNGGULAN KOMPETITIF DALAM RANGKA IMPROVISASI KINERJA KEUANGAN UMKM
Authors: Nurmalasari Nunik , Widarwati Estu , Audina Revina Nita , Apriandi Devy Widya , Bismantara  , Holle Mohammad. H
Published: July 2024

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) have a major role in most economies in developing countries and their improvization determined by the Government's commitments. MSMEs had got impact of the Covid 19 Pandemic so that their financial performance had decreased due to the government policy in imposition of restrictions on community activities (PPKM). MSME's financial performance can be determined by MSMEs strategies and one of populer is the digital implementation in their business process for increasing the competitive advantage. This study aims to examine the role of digital strategy on financial performance that mediated by competitive advantge in MSMEs. The sample are selected owner MSMEs as respondents from some sub-districts of Subang. The quesionare analyzed by Method of Successive Interval (MSI), then processed with regresion model and sobel test for testing the hyphoteses. The results showed that MSME’s digital strategy has significant impact on incresing their competitive advantage. Furthermore, MSMEs’s financial performance depend on their quality of digital strategy and competitive advantage. The implication of finding is that MSMEs must be able to optimize their digital strategies for taking a lot of opportunities from their competitive advantages to improve the financial performance.
Keywords: Strategy Digital, Competitive Advantage, Financial Performance, MSMEs
Performance of GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 on standardized urology knowledge assessment items in the United States: a descriptive study
Authors: Yudovich Max Samuel , Makarova Elizaveta , Hague Christian Michael , Raman Jay Dilip
Published: July 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the performance of Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT) with respect to standardized urology multiple-choice items in the United States.Methods: In total, 700 multiple-choice urology board exam-style items were submitted to GPT-3.5 and GPT-4, and responses were recorded. Items were categorized based on topic and question complexity (recall, interpretation, and problem-solving). The accuracy of GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 was compared across item types in February 2024.Results: GPT-4 answered 44.4% of items correctly compared to 30.9% for GPT-3.5 (P<0.00001). GPT-4 (vs. GPT-3.5) had higher accuracy with urologic oncology (43.8% vs. 33.9%, P=0.03), sexual medicine (44.3% vs. 27.8%, P=0.046), and pediatric urology (47.1% vs. 27.1%, P=0.012) items. Endourology (38.0% vs. 25.7%, P=0.15), reconstruction and trauma (29.0% vs. 21.0%, P=0.41), and neurourology (49.0% vs. 33.3%, P=0.11) items did not show significant differences in performance across versions. GPT-4 also outperformed GPT-3.5 with respect to recall (45.9% vs. 27.4%, P<0.00001), interpretation (45.6% vs. 31.5%, P=0.0005), and problem-solving (41.8% vs. 34.5%, P=0.56) type items. This difference was not significant for the higher-complexity items.Conclusions: ChatGPT performs relatively poorly on standardized multiple-choice urology board exam-style items, with GPT-4 outperforming GPT-3.5. The accuracy was below the proposed minimum passing standards for the American Board of Urology’s Continuing Urologic Certification knowledge reinforcement activity (60%). As artificial intelligence progresses in complexity, ChatGPT may become more capable and accurate with respect to board examination items. For now, its responses should be scrutinized.
Contrasted trends of intertidal macroalgal communities and sharp decline of canopy-forming species across two decades
Authors: Bizien A , Toumi C , Boyé A , Sturbois A , Le Duff M , Grall J , Helias M , Gauthier O , Burel T
Published: July 2024

Macroalgal communities are essential to coastal ecosystems, yet increasing effects of global change and anthropogenic pressures are leading to their global decline. Investigating the long-term dynamics of these communities across different localities appears crucial to better understand their responses to such pressures, as our knowledge of spatial heterogeneities in macroalgal trajectories remains elusive. To fill this gap, the community trajectory analysis framework provides a set of innovative multivariate metrics to characterize and quantitatively compare the temporal dynamics of different communities. Using long-term monitoring data (2004-2022), this method was applied to intertidal macroalgal communities across 10 locations distributed over more than 500 km of coastline in Brittany, France. Three distinct temporal dynamics were identified. High-shore communities exhibited minimal changes over time, while low-shore communities were characterized by a fluctuating understorey species composition but a general stability pattern. In contrast, the mid-shore community dominated by Ascophyllum nodosum underwent conspicuous changes in composition and structure. Further analysis of the latter community unveiled clear spatial patterns, with a significant deterioration of the structural state attributed to canopy loss in eastern Brittany, negatively impacting understorey species. This decline may ultimately lead to massive changes in coastal ecosystem functioning and services. This study emphasizes the importance of maintaining long-term ecological monitoring as well as the pertinence of temporal trajectories methods to identify and understand community changes at various spatial scales.
Crime control of illegal wildlife trade in Poland
Authors: Drzazga Dr. Edyta
Published: July 2024

Since Poland joined the European Union, it has become, after the US, the second-largest market for live animal specimens protected by the provisions of the Washington Convention. In addition, it is a transit country for a significant number of specimens (live plants or animals, or products derived from them) destined for buyers in Western Europe, due to Poland's eastern border which is one of the longest EU borders and at the same time the first in the way of illegal wildlife trade [Drzazga, 2020]. The effectiveness of international efforts to counter this phenomenon and its global consequences strongly depends on the actions taken by individual countries that are exporters or importers of extinct and endangered species. That is why it is so important to raise the quality of social control of this phenomenon also in Poland. The main purpose of the article is to present the results of qualitative research on social control of illegal wildlife trade in Poland. Before discussing them, the necessary terminological clarifications will be introduced and the reasons for addressing the topic will be presented.
Spatial Continuities? The Commonwealth Prime Ministers’ Meetings, Jawaharlal Nehru, and the Diplomacy of South Asian Decolonisation, 1944–1965
Authors: Tonks Paul , Ratnapalan L.M.
Published: July 2024

The Commonwealth Prime Ministers’ (subsequently Heads of Government) Meetings or Conferences were the flagship events of the New Commonwealth in the two decades after the Second World War and the beginning of formal independence and decolonisation in South Asia. The post-war Commonwealth leadership sought to maintain unity on key international issues, which served British strategic interests, at least in the view of British leaders, officials, and influential commentators. The collision of interests between the expansion of Commonwealth membership to include South Asian and, later, African states and the managed decolonisation of the British Empire produced conflicts and compromises that often shaped the progress of the Prime Ministers’ Meetings. The New Commonwealth’s functioning as an international forum can be better understood by developing insights gained from interdisciplinary methodologies to explore the central role of Jawaharlal Nehru’s uses of space at the Commonwealth Prime Ministers’ Meetings to highlight continuities that, ironically, facilitated the profound changes of this era. Taking seriously the multivalent meanings and historical complexity of the Britain and the World analytical framework, we show how British space increasingly came to be used to advance South Asian political goals.
A kiterjesztett hatáskörű ápolók bevonásával elért eredmények a hypertoniás betegek háziorvosi gondozásában
Authors: Galvács Henrietta , Mongel Istvánné Böcskei Gizella , Dózsa Katalin
Published: July 2024

Célkitűzés: Kutatásunk célja megvizsgálni a prevenciós rendelésen megjelent hypertoniás páciensek vizsgálati eredményeit, a kockázati tényezők, az antropometriai adatok, a HMOD és az önmenedzselés kapcsán. Feltárni, hogy milyen előnyökkel jár a kiterjesztett hatáskörű ápolók bevonása a krónikus betegek gondozása terén. Módszer: A 2021. június 1. és 2023. május 31. közötti vizsgálati időszakban ellátott páciensek adatait a háziorvosi szoftver segítségével dolgoztuk fel. Külön elemeztük a teljes minta, valamint a hypertoniás páciensek antropometriai adatait, komorbiditásaikat, az önmenedzselés mértékét, illetve a célértékek teljesülését. Az adatfeldolgozás során leíró, valamint matematikai statisztikai módszereket alkalmaztunk. Eredmény: A vizsgálati időszakban 321 ellátási esemény valósult meg. A teljes mintában 242 főnél került korábban diagnosztizálásra magasvérnyomás-betegség. A hypertoniás páciensek kétharmada a prevenciós rendelést megelőzően soha nem mérte a vérnyomását az otthonában, illetve nem vezetett naplót sem. A nőknél szignifikánsan gyakrabban történt önellenőrzés (p=0,006). A vizsgált betegek közel 20%-a rendszeresen dohányzik, illetve a hypertoniás férfiak 22%-a nagyivónak tekinthető. A HMOD-hoz köthető megbetegedések prevalenciája 8-18% között mozgott. Az ismételt, második prevenciós rendelés kapcsán tendenciózusan jobb eredmények születtek a rendelői vérnyomás és az LDL-C-célértékek esetében. Konklúziók: A hypertoniás betegek a magas cardiovascularis mortalitásuk miatt holisztikus ellátást, rendszeres utánkövetést és edukációt igényelnek a sikeres önmenedzsment és a célértékek elérése érdekében. Kutatásunk bebizonyította, hogy a teammunka, illetve a magasan képzett ápolók bevonása jelentősen javította a hypertoniás betegek háziorvosi gondozását.
Finite element analysis and biomechanical study of “sandwich” fixation in the treatment of elderly proximal humerus fractures
Authors: Lv Yang , Zhang Ziyan , Qv Ji , Sheng Qian , Zhang Jian , Piao Chengdong
Published: July 2024

Proximal humerus fractures (PHFs) are common in the elderly and usually involve defects in the medial column.The current standard for medial column reconstruction is a lateral locking plate (LLP) in combination with either an intramedullary fibula support or an autogenous fibula graft. However, autogenous fibula graft can lead to additional trauma for patients and allogeneic fibular graft can increase patients’ economic burden and pose risks of infection and disease transmission. The primary objective of this study was to introduce and assess a novel “Sandwich” fixation technique and compare its biomechanical properties to the traditional fixation methods for PHFs. In this study, we established finite element models of two different internal fixation methods: LLP-intramedullary reconstruction plate with bone cement (LLP-IRPBC) and LLP-intramedullary fibula segment (LLP-IFS). The biomechanical properties of the two fixation methods were evaluated by applying axial, adduction, abduction, torsional loads and screw extraction tests to the models. These FEA results were subsequently validated through a series of biomechanical experiments. Under various loading conditions such as axial, adduction, abduction, and rotation, the LLP-IRPBC group consistently demonstrated higher structural stiffness and less displacement compared to the LLP-IFS group, regardless of whether the bone was in a normal (Nor) or osteoporotic (Ost) state. Under axial, abduction and torsional loads, the maximum stress on LLPs of LLP-IRPBC group was lower than that of LLP-IFS group, while under adduction load, the maximum stress on LLPs of LLP-IRPBC group was higher than that of LLP-IFS group under Ost condition, and almost the same under Nor condition. The screw-pulling force in the LLP-IRPBC group was 1.85 times greater than that of the LLP-IFS group in Nor conditions and 1.36 times greater in Ost conditions. Importantly, the results of the biomechanical experiments closely mirrored those obtained through FEA, confirming the accuracy and reliability of FEA. The novel “Sandwich” fixation technique appears to offer stable medial support and rotational stability while significantly enhancing the strength of the fixation screws. This innovative approach represents a promising strategy for clinical treatment of PHFs.
Research progress and challenges of stem cell therapy for ischemic stroke
Authors: Cha Zaihong , Qiao Yisheng , Lu Qixiong , Wang Qiyang , Lu Xiaoyang , Zhou Hu , Li Tao
Published: July 2024

Ischemic stroke is a significant global cause of death and disability. Currently, treatment options for acute ischemic stroke are limited to intravenous thrombolysis and mechanical recanalization. Therefore, novel neuroprotective strategies are imperative. Stem cell transplantation possesses the capabilities of differentiation, proliferation, neuronal replacement, nerve pathway reconstruction, secretion of nerve growth factors, and enhancement of the microenvironment; thus, it is a potential therapeutic approach for ischemic stroke. In addition, the immunomodulatory function of stem cells and the combined treatment of stem cells and exosomes exhibit a favorable protective effect on brain injury and neurological dysfunction following stroke. Meanwhile, the theory of microbiota-gut-brain axis provides us with a novel perspective for comprehending and managing neurological diseases. Lastly, stem cell transplantation has demonstrated promising outcomes not only in treating ischemic stroke but also in dealing with other neurological disorders, such as brain tumors. Furthermore, challenges related to the tissue source, delivery method, immune response, and timing of transplantation still need to be addressed to optimize the treatment.
Stakeholder involvement and preferences in landscape protection decision-making: a systematic literature review
Authors: Li Yue , Abu Bakar Nor Azlina , Ismail Nor Atiah , Mohd Ariffin Noor Fazamimah , Mundher Riyadh
Published: July 2024

Stakeholder involvement and preferences are pivotal in the decision-making process for landscape protection within a specific context. However, many decisions regarding landscape protection options still rely on management choices with little or no consideration of all stakeholders. Previous scholars emphasized the importance of establishing an integrated framework to gain an adequate understanding of the process of stakeholders’ decision-making in landscape protection. Therefore, a systematic literature review was conducted on the topic of stakeholders’ involvement and preferences in landscape protection decision-making. This review included research articles published from 2013 to 2023 using two databases and registers, namely, Science Direct and Google Scholar. A total of 110 research articles were identified and qualified for review based on the screening requirements, with an additional 15 documents for theories and backgrounds to provide a better understanding and outcomes for the study. The results of this study were organized based on concepts from the resulting research articles and were integrated to propose a conceptual framework for Stakeholders’ involvement and preferences in landscape protection. Additionally, this study’s findings indicate the significance of incorporating diverse stakeholders and their preferences in landscape protection processes to ensure awareness of inclusivity in decision-making and secure long-term support.
RYR2 deficient human model identifies calcium handling and metabolic dysfunction impacting pharmacological responses
Authors: Starnes Linda , Hall Andrew , Etal Damla , Cavallo Anna-Lina , Grabowski Piotr , Gallon John , Kha Michelle , Hicks Ryan , Pointon Amy
Published: July 2024

Creation of disease models utilizing hiPSCs in combination with CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing enable mechanistic insights into differential pharmacological responses. This allows translation of efficacy and safety findings from a healthy to a diseased state and provides a means to predict clinical outcome sooner during drug discovery. Calcium handling disturbances including reduced expression levels of the type 2 ryanodine receptor (RYR2) are linked to cardiac dysfunction; here we have created a RYR2 deficient human cardiomyocyte model that mimics some aspects of heart failure. RYR2 deficient cardiomyocytes show differential pharmacological responses to L-type channel calcium inhibitors. Phenotypic and proteomic characterization reveal novel molecular insights with altered expression of structural proteins including CSRP3, SLMAP, and metabolic changes including upregulation of the pentose phosphate pathway and increased sensitivity to redox alterations. This genetically engineered in vitro cardiovascular model of RYR2 deficiency supports the study of pharmacological responses in the context of calcium handling and metabolic dysfunction enabling translation of drug responses from healthy to perturbed cellular states.
Emotion expressions and cognitive impairments in the elderly: review of the contactless detection approach
Authors: Jiang Di , Yan Luowei , Mayrand Florence
Published: July 2024

The aging population in Canada has been increasing continuously throughout the past decades. Amongst this demographic, around 11% suffer from some form of cognitive decline. While diagnosis through traditional means (i.e., Magnetic Resonance Imagings (MRIs), positron emission tomography (PET) scans, cognitive assessments, etc.) has been successful at detecting this decline, there remains unexplored measures of cognitive health that could reduce stress and cost for the elderly population, including approaches for early detection and preventive methods. Such efforts could additionally contribute to reducing the pressure and stress on the Canadian healthcare system, as well as improve the quality of life of the elderly population. Previous evidence has demonstrated emotional facial expressions being altered in individuals with various cognitive conditions such as dementias, mild cognitive impairment, and geriatric depression. This review highlights the commonalities among these cognitive health conditions, and research behind the contactless assessment methods to monitor the health and cognitive well-being of the elderly population through emotion expression. The contactless detection approach covered by this review includes automated facial expression analysis (AFEA), electroencephalogram (EEG) technologies and heart rate variability (HRV). In conclusion, a discussion of the potentials of the existing technologies and future direction of a novel assessment design through fusion of AFEA, EEG and HRV measures to increase detection of cognitive decline in a contactless and remote manner will be presented.
Biotic and abiotic processes in Ediacaran spheroid formation
Authors: Cañadas Fuencisla , Papineau Dominic , She Zhenbing
Published: July 2024

Organic-rich shales from the uppermost Doushantuo Fm. (South China) record one of the most negative carbonate carbon isotopic excursions in Earth’s history, known as the Shuram excursion, and contain meter to micro-size spheroids. In this study, we use Raman and energy dispersive spectroscopy to identify and describe the most common diagenetic spheroids to refine our understanding of the profound perturbations of the carbon cycle and the evolution of pore fluid chemistry imprinted in the sedimentary Precambrian record, especially in the late Ediacaran. The presence of 13C-depleted carbonate concretions or organic matter (OM) enclosed by lenticular dolomitic structures within the host shale unit suggests OM remineralisation and anaerobic oxidation, resulting in authigenic carbonate precipitation during the earliest stages of sediment diagenesis. Other mineralogical features, however, point to high levels of primary production, such as apatite bands that host spheroidal microfossils with highly fluorescent quartz and OM within abiotic concretions. These observations highlight the importance of considering co-occurring biotic and abiotic processes in explaining the formation of diagenetic spheroids in ancient sedimentary environments. From an astrobiology perspective, the interplay of biotic and abiotic processes reflects the complexity of early life systems and the environments that may exist on other terrestrial planets. Understanding the signatures of biotic and abiotic interactions in the Doushantuo Fm. is crucial for identifying potential biosignatures in extraterrestrial materials, thereby enhancing our understanding of life’s universality and adaptability in diverse and extreme environments.
Enhancing doctoral learning through virtual communities of practice: an autoethnographic perspective
Authors: Huang Hsin-Chi
Published: July 2024

This article explores the role of virtual communities of practice in enhancing the doctoral experience, particularly in the contemporary digital era. The author emphasizes the multifaceted benefits, including elevating academic networking, optimizing knowledge management, and supporting the mental well-being of remote learners. The establishment of clear shared objectives, dynamic leadership, and a conducive environment for collaborative innovation are identified as key prerequisites for building successful virtual communities of practice. As remote doctoral education becomes more prevalent, virtual communities of practice not only facilitate academic engagement but also foster mutual support and advocacy among doctoral students. The researcher, as a final year PhD student employed autoethnography as a research method to offer an intimate and reflective exploration of her personal experiences within virtual communities of practice. This unique insider perspective adds depth to the discussion on elevating academic networking, optimizing knowledge management, and supporting the mental well-being of remote learners. Furthermore, her ongoing doctoral research focuses on the socialization process and the development of a sense of belonging among doctoral students. Motivated by her research topics, she commenced her doctoral studies during the epidemic and cultivated the practice of consistently maintaining a researcher’s reflection diary. This perspective article examines her diary, elucidating her experiences, opinions, and feelings. The researcher utilized a thematic approach to thoroughly analyze the author’s research diaries covering the period from December 2020 to August 2023. The article concludes by calling for further research into the professional identity development of doctoral students within virtual learning communities, exploring potential challenges and effective coping mechanisms to achieve inclusive practices in the complex and diverse digital era of academia.