bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Periodic Inundation on Shoreline Vegetation of Abandoned Cultivated Fields at Cedar Bluff Reservoir, Trego County, Kansas
Authors:   , Martin Danny
Published: February 2023

A detailed analysis of the shoreline vegetation occurring on old cultivated fields was conducted at Cedar Bluff Reservoir. In addition, the vegetation of each shoreline community or zone was correlated with the history of previous inundation on that particular zone. Five different areas were selected for study, and five transects were established on each study area. Transects were positioned parallel to each other at thirty meter intervals, and each transect intersected the water line at approximately right angles. Grasses and sedges were sampled along each line by means of a meter long rod; other herbaceous vegetation was sampled by a rectangular frame, one meter long and two decimeters wide; and woody vegetation was sampled by a square meter frame. The dates and duration of inundation on each zone were determined by establishing elevation contours above and below the zones, and utilizing the daily water level records available from the reservoir superintendent. Each study area contained a control zone which was positioned directly above and parallel to the high water line. The control zones of each area were quite similar in vegetative composition, and represented typical, undisturbed “go back” vegetation of fields in the tenth to twentieth year of secondary succession. Each study area also contained a corresponding zone found immediately above the existing water line. This zone was characterized by numerous hydrophytic and water tolerant herbaceous plants and an abundance of woody plants. This lowest zone was most often inundated in each study area, and was most influenced by the effects of the fluctuating water level within the reservoir. Aside from the uppermost, uninundated control zone and the lowermost, frequently inundated zone, each area varied somewhat in vegetation and physiography. Areas I, II, and IV contained three zones, other than the two previously mentioned, that were similar in vegetative aspect and corresponded in elevations. Area III had only two other zones and Area V contained three other zones, markedly different from any of those studied.
El Indigena En Iberoamerica Segun Ciro Algeria
Authors:   , Blum Grace
Published: February 2023

Ciro Alegria trata los problemas de los indios en Sur America y por esto sus novelas estan clasificadas como indianistas. El autor conocia a fondo los problemas de los indios ya que nacit en la sierra peruana. Alegria solo escribit cuatro libros: La Serpiente de Oro, Los Perros Hambrientos, El Mundo es Ancho y Ajeno y Duelo de Caballeros. Estos cuatro libros son suficientes para ponerlo en lo mas alto de los escritores de hispano-america.
Combining Hand-Built and Wheel Thrown Elements in Clay Expression
Authors:   , Schmaljohn Russell
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this thesis has been to explore the possibilities of personal expression through combinations of wheel-thrown and hand-built elements in unique clay forms.
Arches and Edges: An Emphasis on Elemental Shapes in Clay
Authors:   , Hilgers Ross
Published: February 2023

An emphasis on elemental shapes displays my personal ambition to create beauty through elementary shape. My work focuses on nonobjective forms that are directly connected to a personal reality that defines pure form.
Nurse Empowerment and Job Satisfaction in Rural Kansas Hospitals
Authors:   , Rundell Dee
Published: February 2023

In today's healthcare providing an atmosphere that facilitates nurses to be empowered and satisfied with their job is a challenge for hospitals and nursing administrators. The nursing environment provides the elements necessary for nurses to perform nursing actions and feel a sense of accomplishment in their ability to perform their jobs. Some nurses are leaving the profession of nursing because they lack empowerment and have become dissatisfied with their jobs. Nursing empowerment and job satisfaction are concepts that are not well understood in nursing literature. Nursing empowerment has been studied extensively in the literature. A lack of feeling empowered has been measured by job stress, Burnout, and decreased productivity. Empowerment occurs when the elements in the nursing work environment enable nurses to do their job. Nurses have some control over their work environment when the nurse has information, resources, support, and opportunity to complete one's job activities according to Kanter (1993), and Laschinger, Finegan, Shamian, and Almost (2001). Job satisfaction is associated with the work environment and is a subjective opinion by the individual (Price, 2000). Job satisfaction is the extent to which employees like their work. Kanter's theory of structural power formed a conceptual model to guide this investigation. Five assumptions support Kanter's (1993) theory. The main concepts of Kanter's theory are information, resources, opportunity, support and their relationship to formal and informal power. An environment that provides adequate information, access to resources, opportunity for advancement, and support to accomplish the job, provides an atmosphere that is conducive to empowerment. Staff who are empowered may have a greater tendency for job satisfaction because their needs to do the job are met. The findings indicated that there was a significant positive correlation between nurse empowerment and job satisfaction. The Conditions of Work Effectiveness Questionnaire-II was used to measure formal and informal power, access to information, resources opportunity, support and overall empowerment in the nursing work environment. Two rural Kansas hospitals participated in this investigation. For the purpose of this investigation, nurse empowerment was measured in the work environment to evaluate the relationship between empowerment and job satisfaction. The relationship between nurse empowerment and job satisfaction was explored using a quantitative, non-experimental descriptive research design. A convenience sample of 100 nurses who practice in rural community hospital settings was obtained from two western Kansas hospitals. Results were correlated with the total scores of the CWEQ-II and the JSS. The results of the analysis suggest that there is a significant level of correlation between the concepts nurse empowerment and job satisfaction. No significant correlation was found between years worked in nursing and empowerment.
Development of Form and Ornamentation of Handbuilt Ceramics
Authors:   , Flora Howard
Published: February 2023

Clive Bell, the English critic's statement that “We must bring with us our knowledge of space if we are to make the most of every kind of form,\ was indicative of at least a part of the problem of this study to attempt to achieve excellence of form and ornamentation of handbuilt ceramic pieces. This study was the result of the writer having employed the handbuilt method of forming ceramic pieces for approximately two years and after having tried other methods with a lesser degree of success in achieving individuality of form. The writer felt that the development of a form and its proper ornamentation could be most successfully done by limiting the scope of the creative study in the following ways: 1. Using one style or type of form and each piece being created with the objective of keeping it related in shape and/or design to all the others in this study. 2. Applying only the handbuilt method of forming, commonly referred to as \the pinch method\. 3. Confining ornamentation primarily to the use of stoneware matt glazes #1, #2, and #3 combined with the 2 use of metal filings and/or metallic oxides placed in the clay before forming, added to the bisque fired surface, or on or within the glaze itself. Sgraffito designs either on the leather-hard surface or on the unfired glaze were used in some instances. 4. Using only stoneware No. 5 clay body and reduction firing of glazes, as opposed to oxidation firing, predominating throughout. By the process of reduction firing, in which the amount of oxygen in the kiln atmosphere is reduced at certain stages of the glaze firing, thereby robbing some of the oxygen from the glazes and/or clay body materials themselves, together with the use of metals and metallic oxides the most desirable ornamentation and glaze surfaces were achieved. Development of the form in this study presented many interesting challenges as the writer felt that by limiting the style or shape to the two and three-sided form, one could develop greater perfection or excellence of line and design. By limiting the materials used both in the clay bodies and in the glazed ornamentation, as well as the method of forming the pieces, it was felt that more proficiency could be achieved in the mechanics of the 3 process, thereby enabling the writer to reach a greater degree of excellence in form and ornamentation. The handbuilt method of forming these ceramic pieces was used because the writer felt that this technique afforded the best possibility of achieving the desired result. Each piece was first conceived by drawing or sketching on paper. By using the handbuilt method of forming, a nearer representation of the drawing could be reached. It is this writer's opinion that there are unlimited possibilities in the number of variations of a single type of form that are attainable. The limitations of reduction fired glazes in conjunction with metallic oxides and other forms of metallic compounds are unknown, but can produce the most gratifying results.
An Optimal Shallow Disposal Site and Facility for Hazardous Waste in Kansas
Authors:   , Strauss Morris
Published: February 2023

Effective July 1, 1985, Kansas legislative policy will continue to permit the underground burial of toxic substances only as a final alternative in hazardous waste management. Section 2, T.13S., R.39W. is one of several optimal locations in central Wallace County that satisfies many criteria necessary for the safe, shallow disposal of any non- radioactive waste. This site is a topographic high underlain by about 40 feet of unsaturated loess and/or Ogallala sediments that must be removed to expose the Weskan member of the Pierre Shale. The approximate thickness of 300 feet and 70% total clay content suggest that the Pierre is well-suited for use as a waste repository at this site. The dry sub-humid climate and tectonic stability in northwest Kansas are conducive to shallow disposal practices. A well designed and managed facility includes leachate collection and monitoring systems and should provide future generations of Kansans with the most protection possible from any disposal methodology legal in the state.
Historical Study of Belleville High School, Belleville, Kansas
Authors:   , Cates Larry
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to present a historical study of Belleville High School. More specifically, it was concerned with the curriculum development from 1933 to 1965. The study was limited to the following: 1. setting and history of the city of Belleville. 2. Early history of Belleville schools. 3. Buildings used to house Belleville High School students. 4. Superintendents and principals of the high school from 1889 to 1965, with salaries of each from 1910 to 1965. 5. Curriculum development in the high school from 1933 to 1965. In order to make this study it was necessary to obtain materials including records, school board minutes, newspapers, high school principals organizational reports, and personal interviews from various sources and members of the community. Belleville, Kansas, a city of the second class and county seat of Republic County, was organized in 1869. The importance of education was early recognized by the first pioneers. Soon after organizing the city, the pioneers made plans and preparations for schooling their youngsters. The first building erected on the town site in 1870, was used for a store, post office and schoolhouse. Prom this simple one room building, which served multiple purposes, Belleville had a procession of five separate high school buildings culminating in the present building which was constructed in 1962. Belleville has had twenty-two superintendents and forty principals in its seventy-six year history. The salaries for these administrators have varied from $2400 in 1910 to $9900 in 1965 for the superintendent. The principal’s salaries have ranged from $675 in 1910 to $8060 in 1965. Curriculum development from 1933 to 1965 has shown a number of variations. The years 1933 to 1940 were used to represent the “Depression Years”. Study of the tables for this period seem to indicate that the curriculum was vocational oriented. The “War Years” were represented by the curriculum offerings for the school years 1941 to 1956. Study of the tables for this period seem to indicate a possible moving away from the Vocational curriculum to a college preparatory curriculum. The Tears 1957 to 1965 represented the period since Russia put “Sputnik” in orbit. From a study of the tables it would appear that there was a slight increase in the mathematics and science course offerings. It appears that the effects the “Depression Years”, “War Years”, and “Sputnik” have had on the curriculum offerings in Belleville High School were not as significant as state requirements. State requirements have been responsible for many of the changes in the curriculum offerings. Included in the curriculum study was a number of organizations and activities with a brief summary concerning each. Some of the organizations lasted but a few years, many, however, are in existence today.
An Approach to Landscape Paintings: Watercolor
Authors:   , Nevills Thomas
Published: February 2023

Artistic expression has long been demonstrated to be an integral part of man's faceted spirit. Evidence of man's desire to create beauty is found all through his history. It is the original means of recording history, as seen in cave paintings and drawings made by the earliest of men. Media of artistic expression involving two dimensional space have changed since that early hunter drew with subtle simplicity and beauty, bison and cattle on cave walls. New media usually require new approaches and always demand critical control of what could be technical pitfalls. Watercolor was for many years considered to be simply a “study” media with which small drawings were made or tinted by the media. These small drawings were then used as a guide in executing a larger painting, usually oil as the media. After the completion of the larger painting, the studies were often discarded and were of no further value. Therefore watercolor was not considered a permanent means of expression. Watercolor was unfavorable because of its little “rework” possibilities. During the last decade of the Nineteenth Century and in our present age daring men have explored the artistic worth of watercolor and discovered it to be a vastly rich and rewarding medium capable of infinite variety and permanence. Reference to the works of John Marin, Winslow Homer and Pendergast will illustrate their findings. The painter of this thesis desired a fluid media capable of being transparent, directness in approach and speed in the execution of idea. Watercolor overwhelmingly met all the qualifications. Landscape has always held a fascination to the painter of this thesis. The study of the landscape in its natural state; how man has affected landscape; and man in relation to his landscape have all proved valuable to the painter in better understanding his environment . The purpose of painting the landscape was not to bring to view new knowledge about nature but rather to present personal interpretations of the landscape.
Grassland Bird Response to Countour Grass Strips (Cp 15) of the Conservation Reserve Program
Authors:   , Wheeler Benjamin
Published: February 2023

The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) has provided many benefits for wildlife and has become (an instrumental tool for wildlife conservation on privately owned land. However, enrollment quotas within the general sign-up for the CRP often are leaving large areas that were applied for enrollment without the perennial cover offered by the CRP. The Continuous Conservation Reserve Program (CCRP) offers opportunities to enroll critical areas of fields, or buffers, into perennial cover. One practice, contour grass strips (CP 15), might offer many agricultural benefits in addition to providing benefits for wild life. During the 2005 and 2006 breeding season, I studied the species richness and relative abundance of grassland birds in western Kansas to see if a difference existed between wheat fields enrolled in CP 15 and wheat fields not enrolled in CP 15. In addition, I assessed the habitat characteristics in fields enrolled in CP 15 and fields not enrolled in CP 15. I Also compared the use of two methods (line-transect survey and electronic recorders) to measure species richness. During both years, 16 species were detected by using the line-transect survey in fields enrolled in CP 15 and fields not enrolled in CP 15. Species richness and overall relative abundance of birds as well as relative abundance estimates for western meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta), ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus), brown-headed cowbird (Molothrus ater), and red-winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus) were greater in fields enrolled in CP 15. Relative abundance for the dickcissel (Spiza americana) was nearly significant between fields enrolled in CP 15 and fields not enrolled in CP 15. The electronic recorders also detected greater species richness in the fields enrolled in CP 15 than in fields not enrolled in CP15 and the electronic recorders detected greater species richness than the line- transect survey. However, relative abundance estimates for the ring-necked pheasant and northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) were not different between treatments when using the electronic recorders. The habitat provided by fields enrolled in CP 15 was significantly different than fields not enrolled in CP 15, and primarily was influenced by percent of dead forb live grass, and live forb. A thorough evaluation of attributes other than relative abundance (e.g. nest success) should be assessed before CP 15 is promoted as a tool for grassland bird conservation.
Job Satisfaction in Human Services : A Rehabilitation Agency
Authors:   , Brown Rita
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the researcher was to investigate job satisfaction in human services employees. The sample consisted of 114 human service workers employed by one agency with divisions in three locations. The four independent variables researched were division, employment status, job description, and wages. The dependent variables were the scores of the five subscales from the agency personnel instrument. The five dependent variables were Morale, Communication, Compensation, Workplace, and Total.
Attributes Superintendents Rate Important in Elementary Principal Candidates
Authors:   , Porter Leticia
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the researcher was to investigate characteristics public school superintendents consider important in choosing candidates to interview for elementary principal positions. Superintendents were mailed one of the following profiles, one with a male name, one with a female name, and one that was non-specific. After reviewing the profile they were asked to rate credentials according to characteristics: (1) Professional Educational Experience of selected candidate's resumes, (2) Administrative/leadership qualities of selected candidate's resumes, (3) Social Skills/Personality of selected candidate's resumes, (4) Academic Ability and Skills of selected candidate's resumes, and (5) Attitude of selected candidate's resumes. The following independent variables were investigated: (1) amount of formal education of superintendent, (2) age of superintendent, (3) years as a superintendent, (4) number of years as a principal, (5) level of principalship, and (6) athletic classification of high school. All 303 superintendents to public schools were mailed a packet, 203 were returned and 160 were usable. The sample size was 160. A total of 3 composite null hypotheses were tested employing a three-way analysis of variance. A total of 95 comparisons plus 5 recurring were made. Of the 95 comparisons, 35 were main effects, of the 35 main effects, 9 were statistically significant at the .05 level. Of the 9 which were statistically significant, 1 pertained directly to profile. Of the 60 interactions, 9 were statistically significant at the .05 level. Of the 9 interactions, 5 related directly to type of profile rated. The results of the present study appeared to support the following generalizations: (1) superintendents receiving non specific profiles and male profiles rated them statistically higher for Administrative Abilities/leadership than those receiving female profiles, (2) superintendents age 46- 55 rated female profiles and non specific profiles higher than any other age group, and (3) superintendents age 25-45 rated female profiles and non specific lower than any other age group.
Critical Habitat of the Gray Bat (Myotis Grisescens) in Kansas
Authors:   , Decher Jan
Published: February 2023

Individuals of the endangered gray bat, Myotis grisescens, were trapped and marked with reflective bands as they emerged form a maternity colony in the storm sewer beneath Pittsburg, Kansas. These bats subsequently were spotlighted to map flyways and foraging areas used by the colony. They used riparian woodland as flyways in early summer but, as the colony size increased to approximately 5350 later in summer, bats began flying directly overland to foraging areas. Gray bats were found within 14.3 km of the storm sewer entrances. They appeared opportunistic in their selection of foraging areas but usually remained near water and dense floodplain vegetation. No significant differences in canopy closure, canopy height, number of shrubs present, or slope were found between areas used and not used by bats. However, tree density and diversity were greater in areas used, as were density and diameter of fallen logs. Areas to be designated as critical habitat, periods of limited access to the storm sewer, and restrictions concerning habitat alteration are suggested. Artificial roosts could be developed to enhance the security and the size of the colony.
The Three-Point Gap As A Means Of Control In Instantaneous Photography
Authors:   , Denio Elgin
Published: February 2023

In 1926, Wynn Williams investigated the theory of the three-point gap, which phenomenon had been known and utilized for some time but until his investigation was not understood theoretically. This investigation has been divided into two distinct parts: First, when the energy was generated by a large Toepler-Holtz station machine; and second when the energy was generated by a one-kilowatt, 25,000 volt transformer.
Population Characteristics and Diet of Western Massasauga in Central Kansas with Inference from Stomach Contents and Stable Isotopes of Carbon and Nitrogen
Authors:   , Bender David
Published: February 2023

Understanding the role of an organism in an ecosystem involves understanding different aspects of their ecology, which is particularly true for species that are in danger of extinction due to habitat loss and fragmentation. The losses of amphibians and reptiles can be detrimental because often these organisms are good environmental indicators and their status might provide insight into the stability of specific ecosystems (Vitt et al., 1990). Kansas has a variety of habitats that support reptile and amphibian populations; however we have limited understanding of the role of species believed to be common such as the Western Massasauga (Sistrurus catenatus tergeminus). The Western Massasauga occurs in the central two thirds of the state in a variety of habitats. Currently there is no protection for the Western Massasauga in Kansas. I surveyed two distinct macrohabitats in central Kansas, a wetland (Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Area and The Nature Conservancy at Cheyenne Bottoms) and a grassland (Co. EW, T-17-S, R-8-W, Section 3), for Western Massasaugas in 2006 and 2007. I collected data on population size and structure, and diet information using both stomach contents and stable isotope analyses of muscle and rattle tissues. I also collected potential available prey items for use in the stable isotope analyses. . . .
Some Ecological Observations on the Mammals of East Central Russell County, Kansas
Authors:   , Whitmer Eldon
Published: February 2023

The mammalian fauna of east central Russell County was studied to ascertain which species were present, the habitat occupied by each and to prepare representatives as permanent specimens for study and future reference. During the main period of investigation, June to October 1965, 32 species representing 27 genera, 14 families, and 6 orders were collected from habitats within the study area. Attempts were made to sample as many different habitats as possible to obtain some indication of habitat preferences. General notes on the climatic and edaphic factors were recorded as well as detailed descriptions of the vegetation found in each of the sampled habitats.
Triangular Mediation as an Approach to Creative Activity
Authors:   , Cairns Sharon
Published: February 2023

Considering the nature of creativity in the visual arts today and the fragile complexity of the socio-economic and psychological pressures on the artist, a new form of meditation can serve as a survival link between the various essential processes involved in creative participation and can assist in achieving balance amongst these elements and between the artist and his chaotic and imbalanced environment-the planet Earth and its natural inhabitants.
A Survey of Teachers' Knowledge and Attitudes About Epilepsy
Authors:   , Meyer Andrew
Published: February 2023

Teacher questionnaires were distributed to a community public school system that employed 234 teachers. A total of 58 teachers returned usable questionnaires. The questionnaire surveyed teachers' knowledge and attitudes about epilepsy in several different areas. Know ledge areas assessed were; (a) recognition of the signs of epilepsy, (b) knowledge of seizure management procedures, and (c) use of resources for obtaining epilepsy information. The main attitude assessment involved comparing the teachers' semantic differential (SDS) ratings of a student who has epilepsy with the ratings of a student who does not have epilepsy. In addition to making the preceding assessment, the study examined the hypotheses that there are positive relationships between; (a) knowledge about epilepsy and attitudes toward epilepsy, (b) knowledge about epilepsy and years of teaching experience, (c) knowledge about epilepsy and personal experience with epilepsy, (d) attitudes toward epilepsy and personal experience with epilepsy, and (e) use of resources for epilepsy information and know ledge of epilepsy signs and management procedures. Results provided support for only the last of these hypotheses. The SDS findings provided some marginal evidence to suggest that teachers have different attitudes toward epileptic students than toward non-epileptic students. Individual SDS item comparisons suggested that epileptic students were rated significantly more wise, cautious, interesting, and sensitive than non-epileptic students; they were also rated as significantly less healthy and less aggressive than non-epileptic students. Overall these attitudes did not seem problematic inasmuch as it seemed very difficult to argue that they would have a negative impact on the epileptic student. It was concluded that the present attitude data provided no convincing evidence for a need for programs designed to modify teachers' attitudes about epilepsy. On the other hand, the teachers' mean scores for knowledge of seizure management procedures and recognition of epilepsy signs were interpreted as providing suggestive evidence for a need for teacher programs that impart knowledge about epilepsy. Finally, it was noted that the unsatisfactory questionnaire return rate in the present study requires that the thesis findings and conclusions be regarded as tentative. Accordingly, it was suggested that future work in this area include a replication of the present study that would involve provisions for an improved return rate. Suggestions were made as to how this replication work might also include attempts to develop an improved version of the present questionnaire.
Fiber-Land
Authors:   , Johannes Janet
Published: February 2023

My work in fibers at this time is very strongly influenced by the Kansas landscape and plant life. This comes partly from early, very strong, visual images, the changing sky, the gentle rolling hills, the shadows moving over the land, changing the patterns of darks and lights, and the plant forms with their infinite variety, stout and firm, to light and airy.
Rural Kansas Regular Education Teachers' Perceptions of Their Gifted Students and Programs
Authors:   , Hahn Andrea
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate rural regular education teachers’ perceptions of gifted students and programs. Teachers form five different districts in central western Kansas were surveyed with a total of 36 participants who responded out of a possible 100. Teachers were asked to rate levels of enjoyableness, frustration and reward while educating gifted students. Participants also rated their attitude toward as acceleration, confidence in educating gifted students, and instructional methods used with gifted students. Results revealed a significant positive correlation between the age of participants and ratings of overall enjoyableness of teaching gifted students. Results also revealed that teachers with more education and with more special training in gifted education rated the effectiveness of their schools’ gifted programs more negatively than teachers with less education and no special training.
The Outdoor Laboratory as a Practical Facility for Teaching Field Biology in Midwestern Kansas High Schools
Authors:   , Miner Gwendolyn
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to make a critical analysis of the practicality of the outdoor laboratory as a teaching facility in high schools of Midwestern Kansas. The study was limited to operating high schools within an area defined on the north and south by the Kansas State Line, on the west by Federal highway 83, and on the east by Federal highway 281. The information for the study was drawn from a questionnaire which was submitted to biology teachers of eighty operating high schools in the area delimited by the stated boundaries of the study and from interviews with instructors who presented both positive and negative attitudes toward the use of the outdoor laboratory.
The Relationship Between Religiosity and Psychic Phenomena
Authors:   , Dewey Carol
Published: February 2023

The extent of belief in variety of psychic phenomena (PSI) was examined with regard to the religious orientation of students enrolled in general psychology and undergraduate classes at a small Midwestern university. Religious orientation was divided into three categories: orthodox Christian believers, unorthodox religious believers, and the nonreligious including agnostics and atheists. A correlation and regression analysis was conducted by using the Paranormal Belief Scale by Tobacyk and Milford (1983), the Inventory of Psychic Beliefs and Experiences by Atkinson (1993), and the Christian Orthodoxy Scale by Fullerton (1982). Additional variables included were the influence of the media, belief in scientism, and personal PSI experiences. It was hypothesized that there would be a significant difference between the orthodox and unorthodox endorsement of beliefs in the psychic; this was not borne out. It was also hypothesized that the orthodox and non-religious would have negative correlations, and the unorthodox would have a positive correlation with psychic belief. All the religious orientations had a small positive correlation with overall psychic belief. The hypothesis that men and women would believe in psychic phenomena at the same level was also contraindicated as women believed in more of the phenomena. The results indicated that orthodox Christians may be open to PSI beliefs regardless of any teachings against the “occult” in their churches. The Theory that the unorthodox seek to compensate for their lack of traditional belief by their belief in PSI phenomena was no supported. However, it was also not disproved. Another factor influencing paranormal belief was the mass media’s plethora of presentations caring those types of themes. This did compensate for the orthodox effect and emerged from regression analysis as the most salient influence on belief in psychic phenomena. Belief in scientism did affect belief in PSI phenomena as all believers in scientism were non-believers in psychic phenomena, but the number of believers in scientism was too small to draw any conclusions on a statistical basis. Personal psychic experience was not the most salient factor, as had been hypothesized. Some individuals who had claimed psychic experience denied psychic belief.
Albert Bell Earthlodge Site, Sheridan County, Kansas: A Geophysical Exploration Survey
Authors:   , Short Levi
Published: February 2023

People of the Central Plains tradition (A.D. 900 to 1450) practiced a lifestyle of diversified subsistence while occupying isolated to small clusters of earth lodges, or earthen dwellings. The Albert Bell site, in Sheridan County, Kansas, in 1990, was the location for the excavation of an earth lodge dating from this time. The objective of this study was to explore the site for the presence of another earth lodge or artifacts by utilizing geophysical methods and providing the data to archaeologists before excavation began for the 2002 field season. The geophysical methods used in this study included magnetometry and electrical resistivity. Magnetometer data revealed one magnetic anomaly in the northeast comer of the site at a location that was excavated in 1990. The anomaly may be a tool or iron bearing marker left behind. Distinct areas of high and low resistivity values appeared in the electrical resistivity survey. The areas of high resistivity are found in the lower elevations of the ridges side slopes, a location that least likely held an earth lodge. High and low resistivity anomalies indicate alluvial sands underlying a clay loam. All suspected anomalies and the area surrounding them were groundtruthed by excavating test pits and acquiring soil core samples. The results of the geophysical survey produced no indication that another earth lodge, or fire pits were located at the Albert Bell site. However, geophysical data in similar applications have been successful. Data collected in this study did provide a good representation of the subsurface at the site. The techniques used in this survey can be considered for future studies.
A Descriptive Study of Debate in Kansas High Schools
Authors:   , Laudick David
Published: February 2023

Possible changes in the opinions of debaters about the nature or role of their activity or about the value they place on it have been suggested in recent studies. However, no comprehensive description of Kansas debate has been completed for the past two decades. If characteristics of debating have changed, or if opinions of the participants are changing in a manner so that tendencies become apparent, knowledge of them would be valuable to students and coaches alike. Information was collected from surveys administered to high school debaters and their coaches. Approximately half of all active coaches and debaters in the state were questioned. Results were tabulated so that responses of males and females, and of large, medium sized, and small school debaters, could be analyzed separately. Significant differences between responses of subgroups and between the two study groups were identified. Comparisons between the sample data and results from a previous study were made. Information from coaches about their training, experience, and individual programs was also tabulated and is presented. Results are described, and observations are discussed.
Origin of Sinkholes and Earth Fissures in Hamilton, Kearney, Stanton, and Grant Counties, Southwestern Kansas
Authors:   , Vogler Lynn
Published: February 2023

Recently renewed development of sinkholes and earth fissures in four southwest Kansas counties has promoted interest about the rapidness at which they form, the potential impact on landowners, and the effects on present and future groundwater use. Each is a major concern for this agricultural area. Geologic, seismic, hydrologic, and subsidence data show that the sinkholes and earth fissures result from the association of subsurface faulting and solution of evaporite beds. Fault planes have provided avenues along which groundwater can circulate and has allowed access to upper Permian soluble beds in this area. Solution of salt, gypsum, and anhydrite beds has created voids that slowly propagate towards the surface (solution subsidence) or move rapidly to the surface (solution collapse) creating sinkholes and earth fissures. Due to the association of sinkholes and earth fissures with areas of extensive groundwater declines in Arizona, Texas, and California, it is suspected that sinkholes and fissures in the study area may have a similar association. Also, subsidence may be occurring on a regional scale as a result of this decline. Sink holes and fissures are expected to continue to develop as additional solution of subsurface beds occur, with groundwater declines having a greater influence on their formation as water levels drop. Accurate vertical surveying, periodic re-leveling, installation of compaction-recorders, and drilling of test holes, are recommended to obtain a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the formation of the sinkholes and earth fissures. Implementation of these practices would not only allow continued study of the sinkholes and fissures already present, but may provide important information on how to curb the advancement or formation of these features.
Combination Graphic.
Authors:   , Mongkolrat Chanase
Published: February 2023

The combinations which I have evidenced are combination of tools and medias which are used to create the basic two dimensional graphic design. Usually, when I create my graphic designs, I combine medias such as hand drawing, airbrush, computer (Macintosh system). The general purpose of this study was to determine the present state of the computer graphic design field. Since Fall 1989, when Fort Hays State University first opened the Macintosh computer lab, I have researched and studied graphic software in present time. There are three main categories in existence at this point in time.
A Study of Different Methods of Interpolation As Applied To The Sine Function
Authors:   , Penner Erwin
Published: February 2023

Mathematics is a science complete in itself . In studying mathematics the use of some kind of mathematical tables will be needed for certain types of courses . The tables available will not always be sufficient to give the desired results . This will necessitate some kind of interpolation to give the information wanted. Interpolation is the art or science of \reading between the lines of mathematical tables . 11 According to the definition, interpolation is the insertion of mathematical terms according to the law of the function involved. 1 The kind of interpolation usually used, since it is the common one, is linear or straight line interpolation . This method uses the value directly above and below the desired result, finding the difference between these tabulated values, taking the proportional part thereof, and adding this t o the smaller given value . This result is usually sufficiently accurate for work on the high school level since accuracy to four decimal points is wanted . The approximate answer thus obtained is due partly to the fact that when these two values are so used they do not necessarily trace the function involved but divert it into a straight line . When the study of this problem was undertaken it was the normal assumption that parabolic and cubic interpolation would give a more accurate result than the common conventional straight line interpolation . The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the extent of the superiority of parabolic interpolation over straight 2 line interpolation and cubic interpolation over parabolic interpolation. It is t he objective to do this by means of theorems, equations of existing formulas, and by compiled tables . This study is limited in scope to three methods of interpolation as applied to the sine function between zero and ninety degrees. The methods of interpolation used are three: straight line interpolation, parabolic interpolation, and cubic interpolation. The table developed for this investigation is taken at four different points of the range . Values are obtained near zero, thirty, sixty, and ninety degrees . The widths of the intervals used are constant, meaning that the control points are evenly spaced. Equal intervals are used because mathematical tables give trigonometric functions at uniform intervals .
Curvilinear-organic shapes and their use realistically and non-objectively
Authors:   , Charles Bonner
Published: February 2023

In this paper I have attempted to explain where my painting has progressed to this point. It has not been a statement on my meaning of art. My philosophy of art is one of creating while looking and learning from others. But most importantly I must feel that what I am doing is satisfying me. My interest and degree of concentration varies, but I really enjoy painting and will continue as long as it works for me.
Seed Bank Dynamics of Common Ragweed (Ambrosia Artimisiifolia L.)
Authors:   , Williams Kevin
Published: February 2023

The term seed bank is used herein to refer to the store of seeds buried in the soil (Harper 1977) both in the general sense referring to all species and in a restricted sense referring only to the propagules of a species. The seed bank is a dynamic entity that varies in composition, size, and distribution. By examining the contributions of one species to the seed bank, one can better understand the variation encountered in seed banks in general. Common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) is an important weed throughout much of temperate North America, often cited as a dominant in early stages of succession (Oosting 1942, Keever 1950, Bard 1952, Quarterman 1957, Bazzaz 1970). Common ragweed has been noted for the production of pollen and was listed as the most common cause of hay fever in North America (Basset and Frankton 1971, Wodehouse 1971). Reviews of life history and importance of common ragweed were given by Basset and Crompton (1975) and Gebben (1961). The taxonomy of the genus Ambrosia was described by Payne (1962). Common ragweed is an annual that overwinters by seeds, and thus is expected to have a large seed bank. Furthermore it is well suited for studies of seed banks, because it possesses large readily identifiable seeds. Knowledge of germination requirements and potential longevity of common ragweed seeds can be found in the literature (Baskin and Baskin 1985). The objectives of this study were: (1) to examine how the size of common ragweed's seed bank fluctuated throughout a year; (2) to describe how the seed bank varied with respect to the vertical soil profile: and (3) to derive inferences about average longevity and the fate of seeds.
Patients' Perceptions and Nurses' Perceptions of Nurse Caring Behavior
Authors:   , Tanking Jane
Published: February 2023

Successful nursing leadership requires positive interpersonal qualities, superb critical thinking skills, diverse expertise and knowledge (Allen, 1998). Most importantly, nursing leaders must be flexible, supportive, visionary and highly visible to their staffs. Outhwaite (2003) suggests that any individual who engages within a leadership role needs to initially explore their own values and beliefs and strive to develop their self-awareness. In addition, team members should also engage in the same process, thus enabling them to identify needed changes and to become empowered in the process. The characteristics of rural nursing leaders and rural practice differ from those of their urban counterparts. The leadership style demonstrated by these leaders can impact staff negatively or positively, which ultimately affects the quality of patient care. The purpose of this investigation was to describe leadership styles of rural chief nursing executives in Kansas, and to identify leadership styles that describe the unique characteristics of rural nursing practice and compare the findings in Adams (1993) study. The framework for this investigation was based on Blanchard and Hersey's model of Situational Leadership (Hersey & Blanchard, 1993). Situational Leadership provides a framework or the importance of tile leadership style and behavior exhibited and the readiness of the follower. The research design for this investigation was a descriptive correlational design. Data were collected from 52 chief nursing executives in acute care hospitals in Kansas with 100 beds or less. The survey results were based on the information gathered from the instrument, Leadership Effectiveness and Adaptability Description-Self (LEAD -S) developed by Hersey (1989). Both leadership style and leadership adaptability were measured using the LEAD-S. The results of the LEAD-S analysis revealed that rural chief nurse executives in Kansas chose high relationship leadership styles such as selling and participating. With regards to leadership adaptability, the rural nurse leaders were average in their ability to adapt their leadership style to the readiness level of their followers, which is consistent with the findings in Adams (1993) study.
Importance of Textural Effects to Painting
Authors:   , King Max
Published: February 2023

Because of the use of textural effects -- I feel that my paintings are strong ones. The paintings need no verbal explanation as they project a visual language of their own.
Human Form in Painting
Authors:   , Delp V.
Published: February 2023

My work is a synthesis of unsentimental, unemotion, unprejudicial, rather impersonal use of painting ingredients, pure art techniques, plus a love of the media, and a compassion for mankind- for their earthiness, their mortality, and their personal unique individuality.