bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Planificación ambiental como estrategia de sostenibilidad en una empresa minera de yeso
Authors: López Juvinao Danny Daniel , Arregocés Guerrero Johana Marcela , Blanco Moreno Juan Antonio
Published: June 2024

Objetivo: Realizar un estudio sobre la planificación ambiental y su incidencia en la sostenibilidad en una empresa minera dedicada al procesamiento de yeso, en el departamento de La Guajira, Colombia.
Metodología o método: Se utilizó un estudio de tipo descriptivo-explicativo, con características no experimental. Para la recolección de información se implementó una ruta de planificación estrategia centrada en tres fases (F1) identificación de problemas ambientales, (F2) Modelo de planificación ambiental (F3) seguimiento y control del modelo planteado. En cuanto, a la población está conformada por 1 gerente general y 14 trabajadores de oficios varios. Para brindar validez y confiabilidad al estudio se aplicó el criterio de juicio por expertos.
Resultados: La implementación de las fases de planificación ambiental es una estrategia para disminuir las problemáticas ambientales derivadas de la actividad minera de yeso, lo que ayuda de cierta manera a impulsar el desarrollo sostenible del territorio guajiro en cuanto a actividades industriales.
Conclusiones: Pese a que se siguen evidenciando afectaciones a los factores ambientales en las fases productivas de esta mina de yeso, la planificación simboliza la gestión más efectiva para asegurar el buen uso de los recursos naturales.
Analyzing Sports Injuries of Kabaddi Players: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hendrawan Dicky , Karo Karo Alan Alfiansyah Putra , Sari Dewi Maya , Sari Liliana Puspa
Published: June 2024

Objective. This study aimed at analyzing sports injuries of kabaddi players through a systematic review.
Materials and Methods. This review study adhered to the PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews and meta-analyses.The study must have been published within the previous five years, from 2020 to 2024. The search procedure was conducted using the keywords (1) kabaddi, and (2) injuries. The Scopus search engine was used in this study.
Results. The search results in the database produced 104 articles that were adjusted to the criteria into 5 articles. Four articles summarized knee injury, one article focused on ACL tear injury, one article summarized the prevalence of traumatic orofacial injuries and traumatic episodes, two articles addressed ankle injuries and one article described and summarized shoulder injury.
Conclusions. The analysis of sports injuries in kabaddi players using a systematic review’s findings leads to the conclusion that common injuries among kabaddi players are ACL tear injuries, knee injuries, prevalence of traumatic orofacial injuries, widespread presence of traumatic episodes, ankle injuries and shoulder injuries.
Правовая категория «преимущественная обязанность»: теория, законодательство, практика
Authors: Repyev Artem , Senyakin Ivan
Published: June 2024

Цель исследования состоит в попытке сформировать теоретическую модель и технико-юридическую конструкцию правовой категории «преимущественная обязанность» путем углубления имеющихся и получения новых научных знаний об объективных детерминантах ее существования и влиянии на государственно-правовое развитие . Предметом исследования являются закономерности формирования понятия, сущности и значения такой разновидности юридической обязанности, как преимущественная, и правовые нормы, ее закрепляющие . Осуществлено сущностное и содержательное рассмотрение преимущественных обязанностей как с позиции доктрины права, так и законодательства, а также правоприменительной практики . На основе использования многообразия средств научного познания, генеральным из которых выступили диалектический метод, а также формально-юридический подход, путем анализа и толкования норм законодательства, судебной и иной правоприменительной практики аргументируется тезис о наличии признаков парности преимущественных прав и обя-занностей, проводится интерпретация последней с позиции доктринального восприятия и технико-юридического употребления, исследуются дефинитивные, сущностные и содержательные аспекты, соотношение с родовыми правовыми категориями (юридическая обязанность, правовое преимущество), проблемы механизма реализации, а также риски (коррупционные, дискриминационные), этим обусловленные . Выявлены характерные признаки преимущественной обязанности и установлены взаимос-вязи как со специальным правовым статусом личности в целом, так и с отдельными его структурными элементами, а именно, с юридической ответственностью, правовыми гарантиями . Показана роль преимущественной обязанности в качестве средства снижения противоправного поведения . Приведены доводы, доказывающие наличие в правовой системе России не только негативных моментов, связанных с отступле-нием от всеобщего равенства, но также и позитивных явлений, вызванных необходимостью установления приоритетов государственно-правового развития . Доказана необходимость дальнейшего исследования преимущественных обязанностей в контексте специального правового статуса личности, специальных правовых режимов . Предпринятые шаги должны способствовать не только повышению эффективности регулирования общественных отношений через систему правовых преимуществ, но и снизить дискриминационные и коррупционные риски, возможности субъективного усмотрения, связанные с изъятиями из общих правовых норм и их дополнением в виде преимущественных обязанностей .Для цитирования: Репьев А.Г., Сенякин И.Н. Правовая категория «преимущественная обязанность»: теория, законодательство, практика // Право. Журнал Высшей школы экономики. 2022. Т.15. № 1. С. 164–179. DOI:10.17323/2072-8166.2022.1.164.179.
Защита прав субъектов от нарушений антимонопольного законодательства в порядке гражданского судопроизводства в США
Authors: Istomin Valeriy
Published: June 2024

Американское антимонопольное регулирование представляет собой достаточно сбалансированную систему правовых норм и судебных прецедентов, позволяющую частным лицам наряду с государственными органами активно участвовать в правоприменительной деятельности, способствуя тем самым как защите своих прав, так и пресечению соответствующих нарушений законодательства . В контексте прилагаемых Евросоюзом и Россией усилий по развитию частного антимонопольного правоприменения изучение американского опыта в данной сфере позволит определить возможные направления совершенствования российского законодательства . Предметом проведенного исследования является антимонопольное и гражданско-процессуальное законодательство США, прецедентные решения судебных органов, составляющие основу системы судопроизводства по искам, заявляемым в связи с нарушениями антимонопольных норм . Целью настоящей работы выступает определение основных особенностей американского антимонопольного регулирования и правоприменения, способствующих активному участию частных субъектов в противодействии антиконкурентному поведению, проведение сравнительного исследования положений законодательства США и России, касающихся способов защиты прав лиц от монополистической деятельности, и предложение возможных направлений развития российского антимонопольного регулирования . В работе используется методология формально-логического анализа и сравнительного правоведения, что позволяет раскрыть юридическую сущность тех или иных способов защиты гражданских прав, а также выявить особенности гражданского судопроизводства по антимонопольным искам . В результате изучения темы сделан вывод о возможности совершенствования российского антимонопольного законодательства, исходя как из опыта правового регулирования США, так и с учетом основополагающих принципов российского гражданского права . Так, для развития частного правоприменения в сфере защиты конкуренции предлагается установить штраф за несоблюдение в добровольном порядке обоснованных требований потерпевшего либо ввести компенсацию за нарушение антимонопольного законодательства, взяв за ее основу, например, размер прибыли правонарушителя за соответствующий период . Также в работе сделан вывод, что существующая в настоящее время в США система групповых исков является более эффективной с точки зрения стимулирования частного правопри-менения, чем предусмотренная российским процессуальным правом .Для цитирования: Истомин В.Г. Защита прав субъектов от нарушений антимонопольного законодательства в порядке гражданского судопроизводства в США // Право. Журнал Высшей школы экономики. 2022. Т.  15. №1. С. 232–258. DOI:10.17323/2072- 8166.2022.1.232.258.
О правотворчестве в сфере природопользования: в чем заключаются истинные «особенности национальной охоты»
Authors: Gorokhov Dmitry
Published: June 2024

В статье рассматривается научная позиция в отношении реализованной (июнь 2021 г .) законодательной инициативы, изменившей правовой режим охотничьих угодий и порядок заключения охотно-хозяйственных соглашений как основания предоставления государством в пользование частным лицам охотничьих угодий и права на осуществление видов деятельности в сфере охотничьего хозяйства, включая добычу охотничьих ресурсов . Позиция сформирована на основе комплексного исследования, прове-денного с использованием формально-юридического и системного методов, методов моделирования и сравнительного правоведения . Проанализированы действующее правовое регулирование, нормы на стадии их проектирования, новые положения Фе-дерального закона об охоте, фактические обстоятельства . Приведен прогноз негативных последствий изменения Федерального закона «Об охоте» в 2021 г . Сделан вывод, что новеллы, изменившие данный Закон, устанавливают в интересах частных лиц режим владения, пользования и распоряжения охотничьими угодьями, принадлежащими государству на праве собственности, а по фактическим последствиям направлены на приватизацию охотничьих угодий, включение их в гражданский оборот между частными лицами, причем совместно с правом добычи охотничьих ресурсов и ведением иных видов деятельности в сфере охотничьего хозяйства . Этим нарушается принцип приоритета публичных интересов в сфере природопользования, а цель и истинный предмет правового регулирования проанализированных новелл, включая способ их введения в правовую систему, обладают признаками «сомнительной легитимации» и имеют скрытую форму, поскольку охотничьи угодья являются единым природным и недвижимым комплексом, находятся в государственной собственности и не могут подлежать обороту между частными лицами . Предоставление от лица государства охотничьих угодий частным лицам не должно осуществляться иначе как исключительно в пользование, имеющее строго определенную цель, разумные сроки и персонализированное исполнение обязательств, без возможности осуществления правомочий распоряжения . Порядок предоставления государством в пользование частных лиц охотничьих угодий должен быть конкурентным, с использованием торгов, возмездным и гласным .Для цитирования: Горохов Д.Б. О правотворчестве в сфере природопользования: в чем заключаются истинные «особенности национальной охоты» // Право. Журнал Высшей школы экономики. 2022. Т. 15. № 2. С. 28–59. DOI:10.17323/2072-8166.2022.2.28.59.
Ограничение прав и свобод человека в условиях пандемии COVID-19: международно-правовые аспекты
Authors: Skvoznikov Aleksandr
Published: June 2024

Целью работы является изучение института ограничения прав человека и основных свобод при чрезвычайной опасности общественному здоровью, а также правовых оснований и пределов таких ограничений в доктрине международного права. Эмпирической основой исследования стали нормы международных договоров и иных правовых актов, а также материалы зарубежных периодических изданий. Институт прав и свобод человека в условиях пандемии COVID-19 подвергается серьезной трансформации, результатом которой может стать появление новой парадигмы прав человека. Многие государства, являющиеся родоначальниками европейского гуманизма, на котором основано современное международное право, под влиянием пандемии постепенно отходят от его базового принципа о признании человека в качестве высшей ценности, реализуемого через идею автономии и универсальности личности. Некоторые современные государства активно культивируют иные по сравнению с европейским гуманизмом ценности и принципы, в которых в качестве приоритета выступает общественное (коллективное) благо, в частности, здоровье всего общества, при ограничении автономии личности и индивидуальных прав. Научная новизна работы состоит в обосновании условий ограничений прав человека и основных свобод при глобальной угрозе общественному здоровью в форме пандемии. Практическое значение исследования состоит в том, что были выявлены существенные противоречия между должным (формальным) порядком по ограничению прав и свобод человека, установленным международным правом, и фактически сложившейся ранее практикой субъектов международного права. Преодоление данных противоречий возможно только путем неукоснительного соблюдения норм и принципов международного права. Автором выявлены существенные изменения политико-правовой сущности современного государства. Констатируется, что модель государства, сложившаяся в период Нового времени, подвергается серьезной трансформации: концепция общественного договора, основанная на ограничении государственной власти в интересах личности, все больше уступает место неограниченному праву вмешательства государства в частную жизнь.Для цитирования: Сквозников А.Н. Ограничение прав и свобод человека в условиях пандемии COVID-19: международно-правовые аспекты // Право. Журнал Высшей школы экономики. 2022. № 3. С. 222–240. DOI:10.17323/2072-8166.2022.3.222.240.
Pre-Symptom Detector of Root Disease Palm Oil (Ganoderma) Trunk Based on LoRa and IoT
Authors: Hadary Ferry , Saziati Ochih , Muhaimin Ahmad Dzakiyuddin
Published: June 2024

The stem rot disease caused by the Ganoderma boninense is a type of disease that is deadly to oil palm plants and can cause a significant reduction in oil palm productivity. Difficulty in detecting disease infected oil palm plants is cause of the high risk of plan death due to the condition and risk of oil palm plants being affected by disease as early as possible. The system used is Long Range (LoRa) technology which utilizes radio frequencies as signal transmission between transmitter and receiver devices. The transmitter device is equipped with TGS 2611, MQ-138, MS1100 and TGS822 sensors as a tool for detecting ganoderma disease and is also equipped with a GPS sensor which functions to map trees affected by the disease. Meanwhile, the receiver as the recipient of the data that has been sent by the transmitter via LoRa will be forwarded to BIynk Apps via the internet network, thus forming an IoT (Internet of Things) system. This technology helps monitor oil palm plantations more efficiently because it can be monitored in real time on a smartphone application. The research results show that the four sensors can detect levels of volatile organic compounds (VOC) from ganoderma fungi with three classification; healthy, moderate and sick.
Investigation of the Effects of Understanding by Design Model on Problem-Solving, Collaboration, and Academic Achievement in Social Studies Course
Authors: Erdağı Tuğçe , Dündar Hakan
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the Understanding by Design Model (UbD) on students' problem-solving skills, collaboration skills, and overall academic achievement in the fourth-grade social studies course. The research was conducted with mixed methods, and an enriched design was used in the study. The participants of the study consisted of 41 fourth-grade students: 22 in the experimental group and 19 in the control group. 'Problem-Solving Steps Teacher Observation Form', 'Cooperative Learning Rubric', and 'UbD Application Teacher Interview Form' were used as qualitative data collection tools. 'Problem-Solving Skills Scale', 'Cooperative Work Scale', and 'Social Studies Academic Achievement Test' were used as quantitative data collection tools. Descriptive statistics results were used to analyze qualitative data, and Mann-Whitney U, Welch t-test, ANOVA, and Shapiro-Wilk test were used to analyze quantitative data. The findings obtained from the data of the study show that UbD contributed to the development of problem-solving and collaborative working skills, increased academic achievement, and increased students' motivation towards the learning process.
CONTROLE SOCIAL NA SAÚDE: A VISÃO DE REPRESENTANTES DE USUÁRIOS/AS DO SISTEMA
Authors: Carlini Barbosa Leonardo , Rodrigues da Silva Diuslene
Published: June 2024

O controle social do Sistema Único de Saúde, exercido principalmente por meio dos Conselhos Municipais, Estaduais e Nacional de Saúde, além das conferências regulares no âmbito de todos os entes estatais, é descrito como decorrência da participação popular no âmbito da gestão pública. Sua função é, através da atuação da comunidade, formular estratégias, controlar e avaliar as políticas de saúde e as ações do sistema na efetivação do direito à saúde, como descrito na Constituição Federal de 1988 e demais leis pertinentes. Para tanto, foi definido como objetivo geral investigar a funcionalidade do controle social como efetivo mecanismo de participação popular na realidade dos conselhos municipais da 9ª Regional de Saúde do Paraná. Trata-se de um estudo de caso, de tipo qualitativo, com referencial teórico fundamentado principalmente no materialismo histórico-dialético. Os dados foram coletados após aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, no segundo semestre de 2022 e primeiro semestre de 2023, utilizando como fonte de dados um questionário semiestruturado com perguntas objetivas e abertas. Os resultados alcançados puderam evidenciar que o controle social ainda encontra dificuldades em ser um mecanismo eficaz de participação popular na gestão do SUS, baseado na visão dos/as voluntários/as do segmento de usuários/as do sistema.
 
Palavras-chave: Controle Social. Participação Popular. Regionalização. Cidadania. Políticas Públicas.
UM OLHAR SOBRE O IMPACTO EMOCIONAL DA DISLEXIA NA INFÂNCIA: O PAPEL DA INTELIGÊNCIA EMOCIONAL
Authors: Dantas Pereira Mara , Pereira da Silva Joilson
Published: June 2024

A dislexia é frequentemente associada ao seu efeito no desenvolvimento emocional das crianças. As emoções desempenham um papel importante em todas as etapas da vida, sendo consideradas fundamentais para o crescimento emocional. É essencial que as crianças disléxicas desenvolvam inteligência emocional, permitindo-lhes interpretar suas próprias emoções e compreender como essas emoções influenciam seus comportamentos em diversas situações. Este artigo objetivou abordar o impacto emocional da dislexia na infância e discutir o papel importante da inteligência emocional no desenvolvimento de crianças disléxicas. Para tanto, foi realizada uma revisão narrativa da literatura, com uma abordagem qualitativa, selecionando estudos relevantes para o tema da pesquisa. A investigação incluiu artigos científicos, livros e dissertações produzidos entre 1990 e 2021. Os artigos estudados indicaram que a inteligência emocional pode desempenhar um papel protetor contra o adoecimento emocional causado pelas dificuldades decorrentes da dislexia. Concluiu-se que as intervenções com crianças disléxicas devem incluir o desenvolvimento da inteligência emocional, de modo a auxiliar no crescimento emocional saudável.
Space and Place precarity in the Global South: The Case of Tea Garden Workers in Assam
Authors: Kalarivayil Rajesh , Chattaraj Balaka , Nair Smitha Sasidharan
Published: June 2024

Tea plantations in South Asia were notorious for the slavery-like working conditions during the colonial period. Although the factors such as the colonial state and closed economy among others that enabled the slavery-like work conditions have changed, the ‘un-free’ conditions of work still determine the social production of the tea garden labourers. The unfree conditions of tea garden labour have been the subject of many research projects. However, attempts to examine tea garden and its labouring people through the lens of precarity is limited. Drawing from in-depth interviews with tea garden workers this paper uses the concept of precarity of place and space to examine the experience of precarity of tea garden workers in Assam.
Post-Socialist Neoliberalism: Towards a New Theoretical Framework of Spatial Production
Authors: Schwake Gabriel , Staničić Aleksandar
Published: June 2024

During the past five decades, the neoliberal market economy has become one of the most influential forces in the process of spatial production, transforming cities worldwide by subjecting them to the rationale of global finance. In a world where religions and ideologies continue to lose their influence, financial supremacy has turned into an adequate substitute. The global nature and overarching impact of neoliberalism has made it the research focus of a vast cohort of urban and architectural scholars, historians, theoreticians, geographers, and economists, leading to a significant body of literature that discusses the relationship between the market economy and the built environment on all scales. This “globality” of neoliberalism is recently being disputed by its widely-accepted depiction as a western phenomenon with varied local implementations. Post-socialist neoliberalism, we argue, is not an isolated occurrence but rather an extreme case that accentuates the distinct features of neoliberal spatial transformations, making its characteristics more evident and traceable. This thematic issue challenges the notion of neoliberalism as solely a post-Fordist Keynesian phenomenon, proposing a new theoretical framework that redefines the neoliberalization of the built environment as a global spectacle with diverse, yet analogous, localized expressions across various spatial scales.
Subacute behavior of glucose and blood pressure of type 1 diabetic people after strength exercise session: Study protocol
Authors: Fernandes Camilo Victor , Almeida Pires Franco de Oliveira Bruna , Ribeiro da Costa Matheus André , Urzêda Vitória Estela , Mendes de Faria Sudré Tamyris , Oliveira Rodrigo Franco de
Published: June 2024

Background: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (DM1) is characterized as a severe insulin deficiency resulting from the destruction of beta cells in the pancreas, associated with autoimmunity. The clinical picture of a patient with DM1 includes symptoms such as abnormal thirst, dry mouth, sudden weight loss, frequent urination, lack of energy, tiredness, constant hunger and blurred vision. Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) is characterized by high levels of pressure in the arteries, being associated with risk factors for coronary artery disease; cerebrovascular accident (CVA); myocardial infarction; heart failure and kidney failure. Regular physical activity in these patients is associated with a reduced risk of future cardiovascular disease, better long-term glycemic control, better cardiovascular fitness, better quality of life, reduced daily insulin requirements and better weight control. Furthermore, it plays an important role in the primary and secondary prevention of diabetes cardiovascular disease, improving general health and well-being. Objective: The present study aims to evaluate the effects of strength training on glycemic parameters after an exercise session, in adult type 1 diabetic individuals, through a randomized controlled clinical trial. Methodology: The sample will be made up of 30 participants with DM1, made up of men and women based on the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Discussion: Practicing physical activity reduces the need for hypoglycemic drugs, also improves metabolic control and helps obese patients lose weight, reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases and improving the quality of life of these patients. The practice of strength and aerobic training as a non-drug treatment is systematically found in the literature as a fundamental strategy for reducing systemic arterial hypertension and maintaining the cardiovascular system. Both resistance exercise and Pilates are effective for individuals with type 1 diabetes, improving metabolic and clinical control, especially when combined with adequate nutrition and amino acid supplementation. Physical activities reduce the need for hypoglycemic medications, help with weight loss and reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Regular exercise, especially intermittent, significantly reduces the risk of acute hypoglycemia. Furthermore, it improves HDL and LDL levels, essential for reducing cardiovascular risks. Strength and aerobic training are essential for controlling high blood pressure and improving quality of life, with three weekly sessions being recommended for satisfactory results.
Irradiación del código civil chileno, especialmente en la codificación venezolana: un factor decisivo en la continuidad de la tradición jurídica romanista en América Latina
Authors: Bernad Mainar Rafael
Published: June 2024

Sin resumen
Comparative anatomical characteristics of the distal parts of bear and human limbs
Authors: Iudina Anastasiia M. , Veselkova Daria V.
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND: The comparative morphology of the human and animal skeletons has been incompletely described in the forensic medical and anthropological literature. Moreover, bones of the distal parts of bear limbs are anatomically similar to those of humans. Together with some features of the bear’s skeleton, poor preservation, absence of claws, and incomplete remains, difficulties and errors may occur during identification.
AIM: To create an illustrative material describing morphological features important for the identification of each element of the distal parts of bear limbs in comparison with humans.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Preparations of the distal parts of the right thoracic and right pelvic extremities of the bear were made using osteological materials. The missing talon phalanges of a bear and bones of a human hand and foot were taken from the institute collections. The International Veterinary Anatomical Nomenclature was used to describe the anatomical features of bear bones, and the latest recommendations of International Anatomical Terminology were considered for human bones.
RESULTS: Each bone of the bear’s hand and foot was described in comparison with a similar human bone. For greater versatility, descriptions were made in terms of the international zoological nomenclature. For all bones, except for distal sesamoid bones, high-quality photos are provided for aspects that are important for identification. Comparative anatomical analysis showed that the bones of the wrist differ to a greater extent, whereas all tarsal bones, which are part of the human foot, had analogs in the bear foot and had closer measurements. The articular surfaces of the heads of the metacarpals and metatarsals showed specific ridges articulating with the cutouts at the bases of the proximal phalanges of the fingers. In addition, the bear’s hand and foot contained numerous inset sesamoid bones and claw-like processes on the distal phalanges of the fingers.
CONCLUSION: Comparative anatomical analysis showed similarities in the structures of the bones of the hand and foot of a brown bear and a human caused by foot walking. Owing to the morphological similarity, bone identification can be difficult. The set of features described in the article, which are specific to bear bones, in combination with illustrative material will help in identifying bones more accurately, even for individual bones.
Maternal correlates of spontaneous preterm birth in Kazakhstan: a matched case-control study
Authors: Oralkhan Zhibek , Sarsenova Lazzat , Kopbayeva Maira , Tastambek Kuanysh , Grjibovski Andrej M. , Berdalinova Akzhenis , Balmagambetova Aru , Zhurabekova Gulmira
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND: Preterm birth (PTB) continues to be a persistent health issue that significantly impacts neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. In Kazakhstan, the prevalence of PTB is 7% making a substantial contribution to adverse health outcomes among infants. However, there is a lack of comprehensive research on the factors contributing to PTB in Kazakhstan.
AIM: To study maternal factors associated with spontaneous PTB among Kazakh women.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: A case control study was conducted in three major reproductive hospitals in Atyrau, Aktobe and Kyzylorda from October 2022 to January 2023. The sample consisted of 90 cases with singleton live spontaneous PTB and 180 controls with spontaneous full-term delivery. Bivariate associations between categorical variables were assessed by chi-squared tests. Independent variables with p 0.1 in the bivariate analysis were entered into a conditional logistic regression model. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.
RESULTS: Maternal education, periodontitis, body mass index and a history of PTB in previous pregnancies were associated with PTB in bivariate analysis. In multivariable models, only prior PTB (OR=38.10; 95% CI: 8.34–142.00) and periodontal disease (OR=2.09; 95% CI: 1.15–3.80) were associated with an increased risk of extremely and very preterm births while higher education (OR=0.44; 95% CI: 0.19–0.98) and a history of PTB (OR=27.20; 95% CI: 5.38–137.00) were associated with moderate to late PTB.
CONCLUSION: Our results are in line with the international evidence on prior PTB being the most important determinant of PTB in the index pregnancy. Moreover, our findings on the associations with periodontal disease underline the importance of a targeted, individualized and interdisciplinary antenatal care to the reduction in the prevalence of PTB.
Comparative analysis of five-year outcomes of anterior cruciate ligament tears repaired with different techniques
Authors: Pupynin D. Yu. , Lychagin A. V. , Gritsyuk A. A.
Published: June 2024

Introduction Primary repair of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) torn from the femur and the synovial membrane being intact can be an indication for two competing methods including dynamic intraligamentary stabilization (DIS) as the saving method and resection of the stump and primary autoplasty as a more traumatic option.

The purpose was to evaluate the five-year results of DIS in comparison with early ACL reconstruction of the knee joint.

Material and methods A review and statistical analysis of outcomes of 72 patients with ACL injuries (47 males and 25 females) were performed. The patients aged between 18 and 45 years (30.9 ± 8.5), with the length of time from injury ranging from 3 to 21 days (10.6 ± 5.0) and the Tegner activity score of 5 (1–9; 5.8 ± 0.9) prior to injury. DIS was performed for the first group of patients (n = 39) who arthroscopically were diagnosed with  ACL torn off the femur with the synovial membrane preserved. Early ACL repair was performed for the controls (second group, n = 33).

Results VAS scored 1.4 ± 0.8 in group I and 1.9 ± 0.8 in group II at 6 months, p = 0.004. Patient satisfaction scored 8.0 ± 0.8 in group I and 7.4 ± 0.8 in group II at 12 months, p = 0.003. Tegner activity level scored 6.5 ± 0.9 in  group I and 6.3  ±  0.8 in group II at 12 months, p = 0.014. The Lysholm knee score measured 91.1 ± 2.2 in group I and 88.6 ± 3.5 in group II at 12 months, p = 0.001. Five-year dynamic observation showed relapses of anterior-medial instability of the knee joint in 10 patients (13.9 %), with 4 patients in group I (10.3 %) and 6 patients in group II (18.2 %).

Discussion Outcomes of proximal ACL tears with intact synovium can be as good as with ACL repair. Removal of the torn cruciate ligament with the synovium being intact and grafting may be an unnecessary and aggressive approach.

Conclusion Dynamic intraligamentous stabilization as compared to early ACL repair shows a faster recovery of physical activity at a short term and less relapses of knee joint instability at a long term.
MSCT-semiotics of vertebrae in patients with cervical spine stenosis
Authors: Sufianov A. A. , Nabiev D. N. , Burtsev A. V. , Sufianov R. A. , Karsanova M. T. , Piterov V. V.
Published: June 2024

Introduction The number of surgical interventions on the cervical spine for stenosis has been constantly increasing. This fact proves that there is a need for careful preoperative preparation that would consider the complexity of the intervention and the age of the patients.

Purpose To substantiate the need to include the MSCT data processing algorithm of bone tissue density of vertebral bodies and arches to assess their quality for planning osteoplastic decompressive laminoplasty in patients with cervical spine stenosis due to degenerative changes.

Material and methods This single-center retrospective study investigated qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the spine with radiography and multislice computed tomography (MSCT) in 82 patients with degenerative diseases of the cervical spine and associated spinal canal stenosis (CSS).

Results and discussion The data obtained indicate a tendency for the total density of the cervical vertebrae to increase from C3 to C5 and to decrease caudally, with minimal density in C7 without signs of osteoporosis. A similar trend is characteristic of trabecular bone. The density of the osteon layer of the vertebral arch cortex differs significantly from the density of the outer and inner plates. The total density of the compact layer of the vertebral arch cortex exceeds 785.15 ± 38.4 HU.

Conclusion The data obtained justify the need to include the study of the density of vertebral bodies, vertebral arches, and its thickness in the MSCT data processing algorithm to develop a plan for surgical intervention in patients with cervical spine stenosis in order to obtain objective data on the quality of the bone.
Experience in early minimally invasive fixation of pubic symphysis disruption with a system of transpedicular screws in patients with combined pelvic trauma (pilot study)
Authors: Petrov A. V. , Kazhanov I. V. , Badalov V. I. , Mikityuk S. I. , Presnov R. A. , Manukovsky V. A. , Gavrishuk Ya. V. , Kolchanov E. A.
Published: June 2024

Introduction Challenges of treating the injuries of pubic symphysis in patients with combined pelvic injury require developing new techniques for stable minimally invasive osteosynthesis in the acute period of trauma.

Purpose of the work was to assess the application of low invasive fixation of the pubic symphysis with a system of transpedicular screws in the patients with combined unstable pelvic injuries in the acute period of the traumatic disease.

Materials and methods The results of treatment of 12 patients with polytrauma with unstable pelvic injury with rupture of the pubic symphysis who were treated at Dzhanelidze Research Institute of Emergency Medicine, St. Petersburg, in the period from 2017 to 2023, were analyzed. All the patients underwent final minimally invasive fixation of the pubic symphysis with a system of transpedicular screws in the early period of the traumatic disease.

Results The overall assessment of the results in 12 patients found no complications or technical errors during the installation of transpedicular screws. Control CT scans of the pelvis showed that osteosynthesis was stable in all patients, and the position of metal was correct in all. One patient from the study group died in the clinic from massive pulmonary embolism. The long-term results in 11 patients in the period from 6 months to 3 years after trauma were evaluated as excellent and good anatomical and functional results in 10 patients, one case had fair outcome.

Discussion The use of bone plates to fix ruptures of the symphysis pubis leads to disruption of its physiological mobility, and the patient’s activity in the postoperative period can cause an implant fracture. Original dynamic plates and wire cerclage help avoid this complication; however, all these techniques involve significant surgical trauma and blood loss, as well as the risk of postoperative wound suppuration. Minimally invasive methods of  fixation using cannulated screws, systems such as Endobutton, Tight Rope can reduce intraoperative trauma and the risk of complications (blood loss, suppuration); however, the procedure for their installation is quite complex and lengthy, and for greater stability, external fixation of the pelvic ring is often required. The  proposed minimally invasive fixation of the pubic symphysis with a system of transpedicular screws avoids a lot of shortcomings and is sufficiently stable.

Conclusion The method of minimally invasive fixation of the pubic symphysis with a system of transpedicular screws meets current requirements in the treatment of patients with polytrauma and unstable pelvic injury, and it may be successfully used in the acute period of trauma.
A 3D German-designed brace used to treat adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Blandinskij V. F. , Mogilyantseva T. O. , Pavlova Ya. I.
Published: June 2024

Introduction Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) is a condition that affects an otherwise healthy child 10 years of age or older and is the high risk of severe deformity and surgery. Different brace applications include the Milwaukee Brace, Boston Scoliosis Brace, TLSO and others, and the success rates of orthoses vary. With little experience in the use of the Chêneau-type corset, the brace provides an effective means for the active correction of scoliotic spinal deformity.

The objective was to demonstrate an outcome with a 3D functional corrective German-designed corset used to treat a patient with AIS in the period from the onset of the curve to the onset of skeletal maturity.

Material and methods The medical history of patient S. including anamnestic, clinical and radiological findings recorded 2018 and 2023 when she used a 3D German-designed (3D GD) corset. The corset design was defined as 3CL/B2 according to the Lehnert – Schroth scoliotic classification as modified by Rigo.

Results The left-sided thoracolumbar curve of a 9-year-old patient with a Risser sign of 0 and a Cobb angle of 25° at baseline decreased to 12° at the age of 16 years (Risser sign — 5) due to bracing.

Discussion The AIS was diagnosed in the patient at the age of 5 years and bracing was initiated at the age of 9. The curve correction using 3D GD brace was based on the principles offered by Chêneau. The patient used the corset for 20 hours per day. The initial brace correction was 90 %. The curve decreased from Cobb angle 25° to 12° over a six-year period of brace treatment with no need for surgery. Three cases with identical outcomes were reported with the use of the Boston and Chêneau braces in AIS.

Conclusion The clinical case showed effective use of the 3D GD corset as a new exponent of corsets developed on the principles offered by Chêneau to prevent surgical treatment by the time of skeletal maturity.
Nitric oxide – a molecule of the 21st century
Authors: Chuchalin A. G.
Published: June 2024

The article consistently examines the discovery of the biophysical properties of nitric oxide (NO) and provides some scientific data on the metabolism of NO.The aim was to consider NO as a biological marker in the diagnostic algorithm and its therapeutic use.Conclusion. The experience accumulated to date indicates the effectiveness of NO in such areas as transplantology, cardiology, endocrinology, andrology, sports medicine, etc. The experience of using NO in patients with post-COVID syndrome and pulmonary embolism is reviewed. It is necessary to organize multicenter studies to assess the effectiveness of NO therapy more deeply and develop criteria for selecting its dosage and duration of treatment.
The role of nitric oxide in the development of diseases of the male reproductive system and its potential applications in clinical practice
Authors: Apolikhin O. I. , Krasnyak S. S.
Published: June 2024

Nitric oxide (NO), a reactive nitrogen species, is a molecule of high physiological and pathological importance. Physiological mechanisms mediated by NO mainly include angiogenesis, growth, puberty, and senescence. NO has vital roles in normal reproduction, including steroidogenesis, gametogenesis, and the regulation of germ-cell apoptosis. In males, NO is a key player in steroidogenesis, erectile functions, sperm capacitation, and acrosome reaction. Moreover, NO is also a regulator of Sertoli cell-germ cell interaction and maintenance of the blood-testis barrier. In pathological conditions such as infections, increased nitric oxide synthase activities stimulate the excessive synthesis of NO which acts as a proinflammatory mediator inducing oxidative stress, detrimental to reproductive functions in males. Excessive NO synthesis disrupts gonadal functions and induces germ cell apoptosis and oxidative damage to the germ cells. This review elucidates how the differences in NO expression levels account for its beneficial and adverse impacts on male fertility.
Efficacy and safety of high doses of inhaled nitric oxide in patients with community-acquired pneumonia: a pilot study
Authors: Tsareva N. A. , Nekludova G. V. , Yaroshetskiy A. I. , Nuralieva G. S. , Kurkieva F. T. , Shmidt A. E. , Suvorova O. A. , Goroshkov A. V. , Ataman K. S. , Avdeev I. S. , Merzhoeva Z. M. , Trushenko N. V. , Avdeev S. N.
Published: June 2024

For the first time, the effectiveness and safety of high doses of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) has been demonstrated.The aim of the study was to examine the effectiveness and safety of adding iNO to standard treatment for patients with CAP.Methods. A pilot, single-center, prospective, randomized, open-label clinical trial was conducted, which included patients (n = 120) hospitalized with CAP. Randomization was carried out using the blind envelope method. Patients in the main group (n = 60) received iNO through nasal cannulas using the Tianox iNO therapy device (AIT-NO-Ol according to TU 32.50. 21-001-07623615-2017) in addition to the therapy according to the standard of care at the study center. Inhalations were carried out with high doses of NO, namely 200 ppm for 15 minutes 3 times a day, regardless of food intake. Patients in the control group (n = 60) received only the therapy recommended by the standard of care at the study center. Clinical and laboratory parameters were assessed and safety of the therapy was monitored during the study.Results. No significant differences were identified between the main group and the control group in demographic, clinical, laboratory and instrumental data at baseline. Patients receiving iNO as an adjunct to standard therapy had a more significant improvement in clinical symptoms starting from the 3rd day and better oxygenation parameters on the 7th day of therapy. There was a more significant decrease in the level of C-reactive protein on the 5th and 7th days of therapy and a more significant decrease in the level of leukocytes on the 5th day in the main group. The duration of hospitalization in the main group was significantly shorter than that in the control group. NO inhalation was not associated with any side effects and was well tolerated.Conclusion. The use of high doses of NO has a positive effect on the clinical status, markers of inflammation, reduces the length of hospitalization, and demonstrates good tolerability and safety in patients with CAP.
Efficacy of benralizumab in severe eosinophilic asthma: results of a real clinical practice prospective study BEST in Russia
Authors: Fomina D. S. , Ignatova G. L. , Kabanova T. G. , Kameleva A. A. , Kozyreva L. S. , Kosyakova N. I. , Kudelya L. M. , Kuzubova N. A. , Leshсhenko I. V. , Shulzhenko L. V.
Published: June 2024

The study of the efficacy of biological therapy in patients with severe bronchial asthma in real world settings is a relevant task since observational research programs allow answering questions that fall out of focus with a strict selection of patients in RCT. Multicenter studies are prioritized because they allow combining and systematizing additional previously undescribed data in a wider population.The aim of the BEST study (Real World Evidence of Benralizumab in Eosinophilic Severe AsThma in Russia) was to confirm the clinical effectiveness of benralizumab regarding change of disease control and quality of life (QoL) level associated with respiratory status in patients with eosinophilic phenotype of uncontrolled severe asthma in real clinical practice in Russia.Methods. An open-label non-randomised multicenter study was conducted involving 59 adult patients with severe eosinophilic asthma. Benralizumab was prescribed according to indications used in routine practice in addition to maintenance therapy. The duration of follow-up was 56 weeks. Disease control level was assessed using the Asthma Control Questionnaire-5 (ACQ-5), and QoL associated with respiratory status was assessed using the St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). Patients’ Global Impression of Change (PGIC) and Patients’ Global Impression of Severity (PGIS) were used for subjective assessments of the well-being of patients. The frequency of exacerbations, usage of systemic corticosteroids (SCS), and functional parameters were also evaluated.Results. The use of benralizumab led to a clinically significant improvement in ACQ-5 and SGRQ scores, a significant decrease in the frequency of exacerbations and a significant increase in pre- and post-bronchodilation FEV1 and FVC. There was an improvement in the well-being of patients according to the PGIC and PGIS scales. The SCS dose did not change. The therapeutic effect of benralizumab occurred quickly and persisted throughout the whole study, demonstrating the most significant changes in effectiveness values by the 56th week of treatment.Conclusion. The use of benralizumab in real clinical practice significantly improved the control of severe eosinophilic asthma and QoL of patients and was associated with a favorable safety profile.
Algorithms and programs for automatic basing on a robotic milling processing complex
Authors: Пикалов Я.Ю. , Сарамуд М.В. , Штабель Н.В. , Ткачев С.Б.
Published: June 2024

Представлено решение проблемы быстрой настройки рабочей системы координат роботизированного комплекса механической обработки в условиях динамично изменяющейся номенклатуры обрабатываемых изделий. Описывается система уравнений, алгоритм вычисления положения и ориентации рабочей системы координат детали относительно исходной системы координат робота, а также их реализация в виде программы автоматического базирования для двух технологических оснасток. Программа написана на языке Kuka Robot Language для робота KUKA KR90 R3100 с датчиком касания Renishaw OMP-40 и включает этапы диалогового выбора технологической оснастки и номера измеряемой базы, а также соответствующее им автоматическое измерение точек базовых поверхностей, вычисления значений линейных и угловых параметров положения рабочей системы координат и запись полученных значений в соответствующие переменные системы управления роботом. Кроме того, описываются подходы по настройке постпроцессоров для подготовки управляющих программ базирования c использованием CAM-сред. Предложенные решения в виде управляющих программ и настроенного постпроцессора успешно используются на производстве при обработке углепластиковых изделий.

The article presents a solution to the problem of quickly setting up the working coordinate system of a robotic machining complex in a dynamically changing range of machined products. The system of equations, the algorithm for calculating the position and orientation of the working coordinate system of the part relative to the initial coordinate system of the robot, as well as their implementation in the form of an automatic locating program for two technological equipment are described. The program is written in the Kuka Robot Language for the KUKA KR90 R3100 robot with a Renishaw OMP-40 touch sensor and includes the steps for the dialog selection of technological equipment and the number of the measured base, as well as the corresponding automatic measurement of points of base surfaces, calculation of the values of linear and angular position parameters working coordinate system and recording the obtained values into the corresponding variables of the robot control system. In addition, approaches to setting up postprocessors for preparing control programs based on the use of CAM environments are described. The proposed solutions in the form of control programs and a customized postprocessor are successfully used in production when processing carbon fiber products.