bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous determination of isomeric substituted anilines by imidization with benzaldehyde and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: Chen Mengmeng , Zhu Guohua , Wang Shanshan , Jiang Kezhi , Xu Jiaxiang , Liu Jinsong , Jiang Jianxiong
Published: October 2017

The chromatographic separation of several isomeric anilines is a challenging issue. Herein, a simple method for the simultaneous determination of four groups of isomeric primary aromatic amines, including chloroanilines, methylanilines, methoxylanilines, and dimethylanilines, was presented. In this method, all of the 15 primary aromatic amines were easily transformed into the corresponding imine derivative by treatment with benzaldehyde under mild conditions. The formed isomeric imine derivatives were completely separated on a commercial capillary gas chromatography column. The effects of several derivatization parameters were investigated and optimized. Linearity in the optimized method ranged from 0.050 to 50 μg/mL with the squared correlation coefficients (R2) between 0.9981 and 0.9999. Reasonable reproducibility was obtained, with the intraday relative standard deviation (N = 5) ranging from 0.89 to 4.57% and interday relative standard deviation ranging from 2.26 to 7.69% at the concentration of 5.0 μg/mL. The developed method has been successfully applied to determine these isomeric aromatic amines in real samples.
Examining Physical and Sexual Abuse Histories as Correlates of Suicide Risk Among Firefighters
Authors: Hom Melanie A. , Matheny Natalie L. , Stanley Ian H. , Rogers Megan L. , Cougle Jesse R. , Joiner Thomas E.
Published: October 2017

Research indicates that physical and sexual abuse are associated with increased suicide risk; however, these associations have not been investigated among firefighters—an occupational group that has been shown to be at elevated suicide risk. This study examined whether physical and sexual abuse histories are associated with (a) career suicide ideation, plans, and attempts; and (b) current suicide risk (controlling for theoretically relevant symptoms) in this occupational group. A sample of 929 U.S. firefighters completed self‐report surveys that assessed lifetime history of physical and sexual abuse; career suicide ideation, plans, and attempts; current suicide risk; and theoretically relevant symptoms. Logistic regression analyses revealed that individuals who reported a history of physical abuse were significantly more likely to report career suicide ideation, adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 6.12, plans, AOR = 13.05, and attempts, AOR = 23.81, than those who did not. A similar pattern of findings emerged for individuals who reported a sexual abuse history, AORs = 7.83, 18.35, and 29.58 respectively. Linear regression analyses revealed that physical and sexual abuse histories each significantly predicted current suicide risk, even after controlling for theoretically relevant symptoms and demographics, pr2 = .07 and .06, respectively. Firefighters with a history of physical and/or sexual abuse may be at increased risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors. A history of physical and sexual abuse were each significantly correlated with current suicide risk in this population, even after accounting for the effects of theoretically relevant symptoms. Thus, when conceptualizing suicide risk among firefighters, factors not necessarily related to one's firefighter career should be considered.
Killing them softly: degrees of inaccessible and Mahlo cardinals
Authors: Carmody Erin Kathryn
Published: October 2017

This paper introduces the theme of killing‐them‐softly between set‐theoretic universes. The main theorems show how to force to reduce the large cardinal strength of a cardinal to a specified desired degree. The killing‐them‐softly theme is about both forcing and the gradations in large cardinal strength. Thus, I also develop meta‐ordinal extensions of the hyper‐inaccessible and hyper‐Mahlo degrees. This paper extends the work of Mahlo to create new large cardinals and also follows the larger theme of exploring interactions between large cardinals and forcing central to modern set theory.
Non‐archimedean stratifications of tangent cones
Authors: García Ramírez Erick
Published: October 2017

We study the impact of a kind of non‐archimedean stratifications (t‐stratifications) on tangent cones of definable sets in real closed fields. We prove that such stratifications induce stratifications of the same nature on the tangent cone of a definable set at a fixed point. As a consequence, the archimedean counterpart of a t‐stratification is shown to induce Whitney stratifications on the tangent cones of a semi‐algebraic set. Extensions of these results are proposed for real closed fields with further structure.
Self‐Healing Sensors Based on Dual Noncovalent Network Elastomer for Human Motion Monitoring
Authors: Cao Jie , Zhang Xu , Lu Canhui , Luo Yongyue , Zhang Xinxing
Published: October 2017

Nowadays, it is still a challenge to prepare flexible sensors with great mechanical strength, stretchability, high sensitivities, and excellent self‐healing (SH) abilities. Herein, a nanostructured supramolecular elastomer is reported with a dual noncovalent network of hydrogen bonding interactions and metal–ligand coordination. The resultant flexible sensor presents ultrafast (30 s), autonomous, and repeatable SH ability with high healing efficiency (80% after the 3rd healing process), as well as enhanced mechanical properties. Benefitting from the 3D conductive network, the sensor exhibits high electrical sensitivity and very low detection limit (0.2% strain). As a result, the flexible sensor is capable of precisely monitoring small strains of human motions (such as vocal‐cord vibration), and exhibits reproducible and recognizable current signals after cutting–healing process. The dual noncovalent network design proposed here opens up a new opportunity for scalable fabrication of high performance SH sensors and other electronic devices.
Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging phantoms: A review and the need for a system phantom
Authors: Keenan Kathryn E. , Ainslie Maureen , Barker Alex J. , Boss Michael A. , Cecil Kim M. , Charles Cecil , Chenevert Thomas L. , Clarke Larry , Evelhoch Jeffrey L. , Finn Paul , Gembris Daniel , Gunter Jeffrey L. , Hill Derek L.G. , Jack Clifford R. , Jackson Edward F. , Liu Guoying , Russek Stephen E. , Sharma Samir D. , Steckner Michael , Stupic Karl F. , Trzasko Joshua D. , Yuan Chun , Zheng Jie
Published: October 2017

The MRI community is using quantitative mapping techniques to complement qualitative imaging. For quantitative imaging to reach its full potential, it is necessary to analyze measurements across systems and longitudinally. Clinical use of quantitative imaging can be facilitated through adoption and use of a standard system phantom, a calibration/standard reference object, to assess the performance of an MRI machine. The International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine AdHoc Committee on Standards for Quantitative Magnetic Resonance was established in February 2007 to facilitate the expansion of MRI as a mainstream modality for multi‐institutional measurements, including, among other things, multicenter trials. The goal of the Standards for Quantitative Magnetic Resonance committee was to provide a framework to ensure that quantitative measures derived from MR data are comparable over time, between subjects, between sites, and between vendors. This paper, written by members of the Standards for Quantitative Magnetic Resonance committee, reviews standardization attempts and then details the need, requirements, and implementation plan for a standard system phantom for quantitative MRI. In addition, application‐specific phantoms and implementation of quantitative MRI are reviewed. Magn Reson Med 79:48–61, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Building horizontal coordination in Sri Lanka
Authors: Samaratunge Ramanie , O'Neill Deirdre , Coghill Ken , Wijayarathne B.
Published: October 2017

Horizontal coordination is a focal topic in contemporary public management. However, greater attention has been given to developed states while developing countries struggle to improve the quality of public service delivery amidst skills shortages and siloed organisations. This article presents a foreign‐funded training programme designed to promote horizontal coordination at the most local level of government in a developing country, Sri Lanka, and analyses the factors that contributed to its success. Using data collected through participant surveys, focus groups, and programme‐related projects, the article shows how the formation of a “locally directed, donor‐supported” programme aligned with national development priorities that enabled the country‐level partner institution to deliver a programme that improved horizontal coordination and enhanced delivery of public services. Although findings confirm the importance of contextualising programme design, content, and delivery for achieving aid effectiveness, a novel conclusion was that the participation of elected officials alongside career public servants greatly contributed to the programme's success by creating new levels of trust and facilitating more productive working relationships between key stakeholders, culminating in improved outcomes for local communities. This suggests that elected officials can play a key role in building horizontal coordination in developing nations.
Uni‐molecular nanoparticles of poly(2‐oxazoline) showing tunable thermoresponsive behaviors
Authors: Chu Yuehuan , Li Huaan , Huang Huahua , Zhou Houbo , Chen Yi , Andreas Böckler , Liu Lixin , Chen Yongming
Published: October 2017

Herein, cylindrical molecular bottlebrushes grafted with poly(2‐oxazoline) (POx) as a shaped tunable uni‐molecular nanoparticle were synthesized via the grafting‐onto approach. First, poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) backbones with azide pendant units were prepared via reversible addition fragmentation transfer (RAFT) polymerization followed by post‐modification. The degree of polymerization (DP) of the backbones was tuned in a range from 20 to 800. Alkynyl‐terminated POx side chains were synthesized by living cationic ring opening polymerization (LCROP) of 2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline (EtOx) and 2‐methyl‐2‐oxazoline (MeOx), respectively. The DP of side chains was varied between 20 and 100. Then, the copper‐catalyzed azide‐alkynyl cycloaddition (CuAAC) click chemistry was conducted with a feed ratio of [alkynyl]:[azide] = 1.2:1 to yield a series of brushes. Depending on the DP of side chains, the grafting density ranged between 47 and 85%. The resulting brushlike nanoparticles exhibited shapes of sphere, rod and worm. Aqueous solutions of PEtOx brushes demonstrated a thermoresponsive behavior as a function of the length of backbones and side chains. Surprisingly, it was found that the lower critical solution temperature of PEtOx brushes increased with a length increase of backbones. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 174–183
Breathomics from exhaled volatile organic compounds in pediatric asthma
Authors: Neerincx Anne H. , Vijverberg Susanne J. H. , Bos Lieuwe D. J. , Brinkman Paul , van der Schee Marc P. , de Vries Rianne , Sterk Peter J. , Maitland‐van der Zee Anke‐Hilse
Published: October 2017

Asthma is the most common chronic disease in children, and is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and airflow obstruction. Asthma diagnosis, phenotyping, and monitoring are still challenging with currently available methods, such as spirometry, FENO or sputum analysis. The analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath could be an interesting non‐invasive approach, but has not yet reached clinical practice. This review describes the current status of breath analysis in the diagnosis and monitoring of pediatric asthma. Furthermore, features of an ideal breath test, different breath analysis techniques, and important methodological issues are discussed. Although only a (small) number of studies have been performed in pediatric asthma, of which the majority is focusing on asthma diagnosis, these studies show moderate to good prediction accuracy (80‐100%, with models including 6‐28 VOCs), thereby qualifying breathomics for future application. However, standardization of procedures, longitudinal studies, as well as external validation are needed in order to further develop breathomics into clinical tools. Such a non‐invasive tool may be the next step toward stratified and personalized medicine in pediatric respiratory disease.
Pulmonary function disparities exist and persist in Hispanic patients with cystic fibrosis: A longitudinal analysis
Authors: McGarry Meghan E. , Neuhaus John M. , Nielson Dennis W. , Burchard Esteban , Ly Ngoc P.
Published: October 2017

Background

Hispanic patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) have decreased life expectancy compared to non‐Hispanic white patients. Pulmonary function is a main predictor of life expectancy in CF. Ethnic differences in pulmonary function in CF have been understudied. The objective was to compare longitudinal pulmonary function between Hispanic and non‐Hispanic white patients with CF.

Methods

This cohort study of 15 018 6‐25 years old patients in the CF Foundation Patient Registry from 2008 to 2013 compared FEV1 percent predicted and longitudinal change in FEV1 percent predicted in Hispanic to non‐Hispanic white patients. We used linear mixed effects models with patient‐specific slopes and intercepts, adjusting for 14 demographic and clinical variables. We did sub‐analyses by CFTR class, F508del copies, and PERT use.

Results

Hispanic patients had lower FEV1 percent predicted (79.9%) compared with non‐Hispanic white patients (85.6%); (−5.8%, 95%CI −6.7% to −4.8%, P < 0.001), however, there was no difference in FEV1 decline over time. Patients on PERT had a larger difference between Hispanic and non‐Hispanic white patients in FEV1 percent predicted than patients not on PERT (−6.0% vs −4.1%, P = 0.02). The ethnic difference in FEV1 percent predicted was not statistically significant between CFTR classes (Class I‐III: −6.1%, Class IV‐V: −5.9%, Unclassified: −5.7%, P > 0.05) or between F508del copies (None: −7.6%, Heterozygotes: −5.6%, Homozygotes: −5.3%, P > 0.05).

Conclusions

Disparities in pulmonary function exist in Hispanic patients with CF early in life and then persist without improving or worsening over time. It is valuable to investigate the factors contributing to pulmonary function in Hispanic patients with CF.
On the effect of mutations in bovine or camel chymosin on the thermodynamics of binding κ‐caseins
Authors: Ansari Samiul M. , Sørensen Jesper , Schiøtt Birgit , Palmer David S.
Published: October 2017

Bovine and camel chymosins are aspartic proteases that are used in dairy food manufacturing. Both enzymes catalyze proteolysis of a milk protein, κ‐casein, which helps to initiate milk coagulation. Surprisingly, camel chymosin shows a 70% higher clotting activity than bovine chymosin for bovine milk, while exhibiting only 20% of the unspecific proteolytic activity. By contrast, bovine chymosin is a poor coagulant for camel milk. Although both enzymes are marketed commercially, the disparity in their catalytic activity is not yet well understood at a molecular level, due in part to a lack of atomistic resolution data about the chymosin—κ‐casein complexes. Here, we report computational alanine scanning calculations of all four chymosin—κ‐casein complexes, allowing us to elucidate the influence that individual residues have on binding thermodynamics. Of the 12 sequence differences in the binding sites of bovine and camel chymosin, eight are shown to be particularly important for understanding differences in the binding thermodynamics (Asp112Glu, Lys221Val, Gln242Arg, Gln278Lys. Glu290Asp, His292Asn, Gln294Glu, and Lys295Leu. Residue in bovine chymosin written first). The relative binding free energies of single‐point mutants of chymosin are calculated using the molecular mechanics three dimensional reference interaction site model (MM‐3DRISM). Visualization of the solvent density functions calculated by 3DRISM reveals the difference in solvation of the binding sites of chymosin mutants.
Critical assessment of methods of protein structure prediction (CASP)—Round XII
Authors: Moult John , Fidelis Krzysztof , Kryshtafovych Andriy , Schwede Torsten , Tramontano Anna
Published: October 2017

This article reports the outcome of the 12th round of Critical Assessment of Structure Prediction (CASP12), held in 2016. CASP is a community experiment to determine the state of the art in modeling protein structure from amino acid sequence. Participants are provided sequence information and in turn provide protein structure models and related information. Analysis of the submitted structures by independent assessors provides a comprehensive picture of the capabilities of current methods, and allows progress to be identified. This was again an exciting round of CASP, with significant advances in 4 areas: (i) The use of new methods for predicting three‐dimensional contacts led to a two‐fold improvement in contact accuracy. (ii) As a consequence, model accuracy for proteins where no template was available improved dramatically. (iii) Models based on a structural template showed overall improvement in accuracy. (iv) Methods for estimating the accuracy of a model continued to improve. CASP continued to develop new areas: (i) Assessing methods for building quaternary structure models, including an expansion of the collaboration between CASP and CAPRI. (ii) Modeling with the aid of experimental data was extended to include SAXS data, as well as again using chemical cross‐linking information. (iii) A team of assessors evaluated the suitability of models for a range of applications, including mutation interpretation, analysis of ligand binding properties, and identification of interfaces. This article describes the experiment and summarizes the results. The rest of this special issue of PROTEINS contains papers describing CASP12 results and assessments in more detail.
The nexus of motivation–experience in the migration process of young Romanians
Authors: Sandu Dumitru , Toth Georgiana , Tudor Elena
Published: October 2017

This paper presents and explains the migration motivations and behaviour of young (age 16–35 years) Romanians. The originality of the paper lies in conceptualising the experiences and motivations of migration as a variable nexus during the migration process; that is, as a complex web of relations between motivations and types of migration experiences. A descriptive analysis introduces types of motivations for the first migration and for returning home. Dissatisfaction and opportunities in different spheres of life (job, education, family and friendship networks, and lifestyles) are the key variables explaining the dynamics within the nexus. This is contextualised by factors related to the individual, community, region, and country, in a multilevel perspective. The relationship between previous structures and the current migration motivations of Romanian youth are also addressed via a comparative European‐level analysis. The first hypothesis, about the lifestyle motivations of Romanian students, is not supported by the data. The second hypothesis, about similarities between Romanian youth and youth from Latvia and Slovakia, is consistent with the findings. The third hypothesis, on the similarity between Romanian youth and the youth from countries of simultaneous emigration and immigration (Spain, Italy, and Ireland) is partially supported only in the case of Italy. The paper draws on both quantitative survey data and semistructured interviews.
Intimate relationships and mobility intentions of Thai international students in Chinese universities: A gendered analysis
Authors: Lin Yi , Kingminghae Worapinya
Published: October 2017

Although extant research has found family critical in understanding international student mobility, studies focusing on the role of intimate relationships, such as marriage or romantic relationships, are few in number and typically with a backdrop of the Global South‐to‐North mobility pattern. Based on data collected among Thai nationals studying in Chinese universities, intimate relationships are found in this study to pull partners across borders towards each other. This general trend nevertheless hides a stark disparity between genders in the sense that people are attracted by intimate relationships and in their mobility intentions. Contrary to popular belief, women in this study are less attached to their intimate relationships. Instead, they strategically plan on going to places where better chances for self‐realisation exist. By examining Thai female international students' cross‐cultural experiences and real‐life situations, we suggest that their compatriot intimate relationships often fail them because more than their share of household chores are stuck with them, even when they study abroad. Female international students in this article are neither willingly docile nor overtly rebellious, rather, they practically manoeuvre and cope according to their transnational circumstances and capabilities. The implication of these more mobile female international students on gender relationships is also discussed in light of Bourdieu's practice theory. Results in this study contribute to the understanding of international student mobility by focusing on intimate relationships and by incorporating a gendered and critical perspective.
Highly Enhanced Transport by Supersonic N‐Crowdions
Authors: Dmitriev Sergey V. , Medvedev Nikolay N. , Chetverikov Alexander P. , Zhou Kun , Velarde Manuel G.
Published: October 2017

An interstitial atom placed in a close‐packed atomic row of a crystal is called crowdion. Such defects are highly mobile, they can move along the row transporting mass and energy. In the present study the concept of the classical supersonic crowdion is generalized to N‐crowdion in which not one but N atoms move simultaneously at a high speed. With the help of molecular dynamics simulations for fcc Morse crystal it is demonstrated that N‐crowdions are much more efficient in mass transport being able to propagate through larger distances having smaller total energy than the classical 1‐crowdion.
h function: A protonic take on the numerical Fukui function as a graphical descriptor for deprotonation
Authors: Pineda‐Urbina Kayim , Gómez‐Sandoval Zeferino , Flores‐Moreno Roberto
Published: October 2017

In this work, a graphical tool for postdeprotonation analysis of molecular systems is presented. This tool was applied to a series of molecules to distinguish the information given by its resulting graphics. The outcome identified the h function sensitivity toward electron density rearrangement, being able to recognize bond cleavage and increments in π electron population through simple visual analysis.
Comment on: Negative ions, molecular electron affinity and orbital structure of cata‐condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by Rustem V. Khatymov, Mars V. Muftakhov and Pavel V. Shchukin
Authors: Chen Edward S. , Chen Edward C.M.
Published: October 2017

Rationale

The anion mass spectral lifetimes for several aromatic hydrocarbons reported in the subject article were related to significantly different electron affinities. The different values are rationalized using negative ion mass spectral data.

Methods

Electron affinities for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are reported from the temperature dependence of unpublished electron capture detector data. These are compared with published values and the largest values are assigned to the ground state.

Results

The ground state adiabatic electron affinities: (eV) pentacene, 1.41 (3); tetracene, 1.058 (5); benz(a)pyrene, 0.82 (4); benz(a) anthracene, 0.69 (2) anthracene, 0.68 (2); and pyrene, 0.59 (1) are used to assign excited state adiabatic electron affinities: (eV) tetracene: 0.88 (4); anthracene 0.53 (1); pyrene, 0.41 (1); benz(a)anthracene, 0.39 (10); chrysene, 0.32 (1); and phenanthrene, 0.12 (2) and ground state adiabatic electron affinities: (eV) dibenz(a,j)anthracene, 0.69 (3); dibenz(a,h)anthracene, 0.68 (3); benz(e)pyrene, 0.60 (3); and picene, 0.59 (3) from experimental data. The lifetime of benz(a)pyrene is predicted to be larger than 150 μs and for benzo(c)phenanthrene and picene about 40 μs, from ground state adiabatic electron affinities.

Conclusions

The assignments of adiabatic electron affinities of aromatic hydrocarbons determined from electron capture detector and mass spectrometric data to ground and excited states are supported by constant electronegativities. A set of consistent ground state adiabatic electron affinities for 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is related to lifetimes from the subject article.
Kids in a candy store
Authors: Heeg Robert
Published: October 2017

Deep learning and artificial intelligence are disrupting as well as enriching research and analytics. We go to tech‐pioneering North America and ask some of the industry’s frontrunners: how will this affect research?
Greater Than the Sum of Its Parts
Authors: Krishna Kishore , Garner Michele
Published: October 2017

Uniting marketing research and advanced analytics to increase ROI and marketing effectiveness
Hits or hypes?
Authors: Heeg Robert
Published: October 2017

Social media analytics
#SeeHer
Authors: Bechtold Jim , Getto Gary , Klein Joel ‘JJ’ , Zalis Shelley
Published: October 2017

Reducing unconscious bias in advertising and programming
The One Question
Authors: McCaughan Dave
Published: October 2017

Market Research Realities asks what you forgot to ask
Corporate Sustainable Development. Revisiting the Relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility Dimensions
Authors: Ait Sidhoum Amer , Serra Teresa
Published: October 2017

With rising stakeholder concerns over sustainable development, corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become key for the business community, moving the business model beyond financial performance to a new voluntary paradigm based on natural resource conservation, social welfare, stakeholder engagement and economic performance. This article aims to answer whether profitable business is compatible with balanced sustainability by investigating the relationship between the economic, social, environmental and governance performance for a sample of global firms. A canonical vine (C‐vine) copula is used for this purpose. Results show the existence of a fairly strong positive relationship between economic, social and environmental performance. The corporate governance dimension is shown to have a weak relationship with the rest of the CSR dimensions. Important policy implications are derived from these results. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Efficientℓ0‐norm feature selection based on augmented and penalized minimization
Authors: Li Xiang , Xie Shanghong , Zeng Donglin , Wang Yuanjia
Published: October 2017

Advances in high‐throughput technologies in genomics and imaging yield unprecedentedly large numbers of prognostic biomarkers. To accommodate the scale of biomarkers and study their association with disease outcomes, penalized regression is often used to identify important biomarkers. The ideal variable selection procedure would search for the best subset of predictors, which is equivalent to imposing anℓ0‐penalty on the regression coefficients. Since this optimization is a nondeterministic polynomial‐time hard (NP‐hard) problem that does not scale with number of biomarkers, alternative methods mostly place smooth penalties on the regression parameters, which lead to computationally feasible optimization problems. However, empirical studies and theoretical analyses show that convex approximation ofℓ0‐norm (eg,ℓ1) does not outperform theirℓ0counterpart. The progress forℓ0‐norm feature selection is relatively slower, where the main methods are greedy algorithms such as stepwise regression or orthogonal matching pursuit. Penalized regression based on regularizingℓ0‐norm remains much less explored in the literature. In this work, inspired by the recently popular augmenting and data splitting algorithms including alternating direction method of multipliers, we propose a 2‐stage procedure forℓ0‐penalty variable selection, referred to as augmented penalized minimization‐L0(APM‐L0). The APM‐L0targetsℓ0‐norm as closely as possible while keeping computation tractable, efficient, and simple, which is achieved by iterating between a convex regularized regression and a simple hard‐thresholding estimation. The procedure can be viewed as arising from regularized optimization with truncatedℓ1norm. Thus, we propose to treat regularization parameter and thresholding parameter as tuning parameters and select based on cross‐validation. A 1‐step coordinate descent algorithm is used in the first stage to significantly improve computational efficiency. Through extensive simulation studies and real data application, we demonstrate superior performance of the proposed method in terms of selection accuracy and computational speed as compared to existing methods. The proposed APM‐L0procedure is implemented in the R‐packageAPML0.
Combining multiple biomarkers linearly to maximize the partial area under the ROC curve
Authors: Yan Qingxiang , Bantis Leonidas E. , Stanford Janet L. , Feng Ziding
Published: October 2017

It is now common in clinical practice to make clinical decisions based on combinations of multiple biomarkers. In this paper, we propose new approaches for combining multiple biomarkers linearly to maximize the partial area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (pAUC). The parametric and nonparametric methods that have been developed for this purpose have limitations. When the biomarker values for populations with and without a given disease follow a multivariate normal distribution, it is easy to implement our proposed parametric approach, which adopts an alternative analytic expression of the pAUC. When normality assumptions are violated, a kernel‐based approach is presented, which handles multiple biomarkers simultaneously. We evaluated the proposed as well as existing methods through simulations and discovered that when the covariance matrices for the disease and nondisease samples are disproportional, traditional methods (such as the logistic regression) are more likely to fail to maximize the pAUC while the proposed methods are more robust. The proposed approaches are illustrated through application to a prostate cancer data set, and a rank‐based leave‐one‐out cross‐validation procedure is proposed to obtain a realistic estimate of the pAUC when there is no independent validation set available.
Optical Properties of Self‐Assembled Cellulose Nanocrystals Films Suspended at Planar–Symmetrical Interfaces
Authors: Tardy Blaise L. , Ago Mariko , Guo Jiaqi , Borghei Maryam , Kämäräinen Tero , Rojas Orlando J.
Published: October 2017

Hierarchically structured materials comprising rod‐like, chiral, nanoparticles are commonly encountered in nature as they can form assemblies with exceptional optical and mechanical characteristics. These include cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), which have a large potential for the fabrication of bioinspired materials mimicking those advanced properties. Fine‐tuning the optomechanical properties of assemblies obtained from CNCs hinges on the transformations from suspensions of liquid crystals to long‐range order in the dry state. So far, associated transitions have been studied using trivial interfaces such as planar substrates. Such transitions are explored as they evolve onto meshed supports. The meshed substrate offers a complex topology, as is encountered in nature, for the formation of CNCs films. The CNCs self‐assembly occurs under confinement and support of the framework bounding the mesh openings. This leads to coexisting suspended and supported nanoparticle layers exhibiting nematic and/or chiral nematic order. Optical microscopy combined with crossed polarizers indicate that the formation of the suspended films occurs via intermediate gelation or kinetic arrest of CNCs across the mesh's open areas. The formation of self‐standing, ultrathin films of CNCs with tunable optical properties, such as selective reflections in the visible range (structural color), is demonstrated by using the presented simple and scalable approach.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Chemical Bonding of Ba2SiP4
Authors: Haffner Arthur , Johrendt Dirk
Published: October 2017

Ba2SiP4 was synthesized by heating of the elements at 1173 K and the crystal structure was determined from single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction [I42d, a = 990.57(3) pm, c = 731.80(3) pm; Z = 4]. The novel structure is homeotypic to hp‐Zn2SiO4 but the SiP4 tetrahedra are exclusively bridged by P–P bonds [d(P–P) = 222 pm] which is hitherto unprecedented. The three‐dimensional SiP4 network is analogous to β‐cristobalite if oxygen is formally replaced by a P–P dimer. Barium fills the voids and is coordinated by eight phosphorus atoms. DFT calculations indicate covalent Si–P and P–P bonding and an indirect energy gap of ca. 1 eV.
Alcoholysis of Al2(OtBu)6 – Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Al9O3(OEt)21
Authors: Nachtigall Olaf , Hirsch Tobias , Spandl Johann
Published: October 2017

When Al2(OtBu)6 is treated with ethanol, Al9O3(OEt)21 (1) is obtained, which is a missing link in the series of polynuclear aluminum alkoxides. Alcoholysis of Al2(OtBu)6 in 2‐propanol yields the well‐known homoleptic compound Al4(OiPr)12 (2). As recently published, similar reactions with Fe2(OtBu)6 gave different structures. However, there are recurring structural patterns from alkoxide chemistry found. For a deeper understanding of this hardly predictable chemistry, compounds have to be correlated by such common structural motifs. We briefly report the syntheses of 1 and 2 and the crystal structure of 1. In addition, we provide an improved synthetic procedure for the preparation of the precursor Al2(OtBu)6. The structure of the new compound 1 is comprehensively compared to related structures from literature.
The Race for Climate Leadership in the ERA of Trump and Multilevel Governance
Authors: Palacková Eva
Published: October 2017

President Trump's withdrawal from the Paris Agreement on climate change, albeit predictable, presents both challenges and opportunities for the global system of multilevel governance. Various stakeholders are ready to fill the void, including other world leaders, such as the EU, and in particular Germany; US state actors, such as California; and even cities and businesses. Whatever the outcome, the reaffirmed joint commitment to implementing the climate targets is good news for the planet.
London and Anti-Terrorism in Europe
Authors: Harris Lord Toby
Published: October 2017

Urban terrorist attacks have become increasingly frequent in Europe in recent years. The review conducted during 2016 into London's preparedness to respond to a major terrorist incident found that London's emergency services had improved their ability to respond quickly to such incidents. However, the safety of citizens from such events can never be guaranteed. Preparation is nevertheless essential, and emergency services need to adjust their tactics and plans in response to terrorist incidents that occur anywhere in the world as attack methodologies spread very rapidly through the Internet. The safety of all public spaces needs to be kept under review. There is a role for commercial businesses in enhancing security, and each individual has a part to play in building a culture of security and resilience.
Constitutions and Foreign Relations Law: The Dynamics of Substitutes and Complements
Authors: Ginsburg Tom
Published: October 2017

National constitutions are central to the field of foreign relations law, which is defined by Curtis Bradley in his essay as “the domestic law of each nation that governs how that nation interacts with the rest of the world.” In this contribution to the symposium, I wish to explore the relation between foreign relations law and national constitutions, arguing that a “foreign relations lens” helps elucidate an underappreciated core purpose of these foundational texts. Next, I want to show how the shifting boundaries of constitutions serve to allocate lawmaking authority, emphasizing the substitution between international and domestic norms. Finally, I offer a comparative constitutional perspective on foreign relations law, laying out an agenda for future work in the area.
Chinese Foreign Relations Law
Authors: Cai Congyan
Published: October 2017

Curtis Bradley has observed that, apart from in the United States, foreign relations law generally has not been treated as a separate academic field, but that this situation is starting to change. This observation can also find evidence in China. In March 2016, I hosted a conference on “Chinese Foreign Relations Law: A New Agenda” at Xiamen University School of Law, where I am a faculty member. This is the first conference engaging with this field in China. Also in 2016, a Chinese professor of private international law published the first article discussing Chinese foreign relations law in a general way, the main argument of which is that foreign relations law should be a component of the “rule of law” in China.
Drumming to a New Beat: A Group Therapeutic Drumming and Talking Intervention to Improve Mental Health and Behaviour of Disadvantaged Adolescent Boys
Authors: Martin Karen Emma , Wood Lisa Jane
Published: October 2017

Background:This research examined the impact of a programme integrating therapeutic music and group discussions (Holyoake's DRUMBEAT programme) on disadvantaged adolescents’ mental wellbeing, psychological distress, post-traumatic stress symptoms and antisocial behaviour.Method:Students displaying antisocial behaviours in grades eight to ten at three socio-economically disadvantaged secondary schools in Perth, Western Australia were invited to participate in a 10-week DRUMBEAT programme (incorporating drumming with djembes, therapeutic discussions and a final performance). Eight DRUMBEAT programmes were held in 2014. Pre- and post-intervention questionnaires measured mental wellbeing (Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale), psychological distress (Kessler-5), post-traumatic stress symptoms (Abbreviated Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist- Civilian Version) and antisocial behaviours (Adapted Self-Reported Delinquency Scale).Results:Of the 62 students completing DRUMBEAT, 41 completed pre- and post-questionnaires. Post-programme boys scored an average 7.6% higher mental wellbeing (WEMWBS) (p= .05), 19.3% lower post-traumatic stress symptoms (A PCL-C) (p= .05) and 23.9% lower antisocial behaviour (ARSDC) (p= .02). These changes were not evident for girls. No significant differences were detected for differences in psychological distress for either gender.Conclusion:This research highlights the potential of the DRUMBEAT programme as an effective, targeted strategy to reduce post-traumatic stress symptoms and antisocial behaviour and increase mental wellbeing in socio-economically disadvantaged adolescent boys.
Mainstream Party Strategies Towards Extreme Right Parties: The French 2007 and 2012 Presidential Elections
Authors: Carvalho João
Published: October 2017

The electoral success of extreme right parties (ERPs) has attracted a disproportionate number of studies. By contrast, research into the mainstream parties’ reactions to ERPs has engendered little interest. With few exceptions, the effects of the centre-right parties’ strategic options in electoral competitions with ERPs remain unexplored. To overcome this shortcoming, this investigation examines the strategies employed by the French centre-right party – Union pour un Movement Populaire (UMP) against the Front National in the 2007 and the 2012 presidential elections by focusing on the topics of immigration and integration. This study suggests that the adoption of accommodating approaches in both elections was followed by distinct levels of success in 2007 and 2012. Drawing on a qualitative comparative analysis, this article explores three hypotheses in order to enhance understanding of the divergent effectiveness of the UMP’s accommodative approaches in the elections studied.
Axisymmetric spreading of surfactant from a point source
Authors: Mandre Shreyas
Published: October 2017

Guided by computation, we theoretically calculate the steady flow driven by the Marangoni stress due to a surfactant introduced on a fluid interface at a constant rate. Two separate extreme cases, where the surfactant dynamics is dominated by the adsorbed phase or the dissolved phase, are considered. We focus on the case where the size of the surfactant source is much smaller than the size of the fluid domain, and the resulting Marangoni stress overwhelms the viscous forces so that the flow is strongest in a boundary layer close to the interface. We derive the resulting flow in a region much larger than the surfactant source but smaller than the domain size by approximating it with a self-similar profile. The radially outward component of fluid velocity decays with the radial distance $r$ as $r^{-3/5}$ when the surfactant spreads in an adsorbed phase, and as $r^{-1}$ when it spreads in a dissolved phase. Universal flow profiles that are independent of the system parameters emerge in both the cases. Three hydrodynamic signatures are identified to distinguish between the two cases and verify the applicability of our analysis with successive stringent tests.
Prevalence of malnutrition and risk of undernutrition in hospitalised children with liver disease
Authors: Yu Ronghua , Wang Yizhong , Xiao Yongmei , Mo Lili , Liu Aishu , Li Dan , Ge Ting , Yu Guangjun , Zhang Ting
Published: October 2017

Nutritional status of 380 hospitalised children aged from 1 month to 5 years with liver disease was evaluated in a single paediatric centre. The total prevalence of stunting (height-for-ageZ(HAZ) < −2), underweight (weight-for-ageZ(WAZ) < −2) and wasting (weight-for-heightZ < −2) was 9·8, 9·0 and 7·9 %, respectively. The overall nutritional risk (−2 ≤ Z < −1) of stunting, underweight and wasting was 11·8, 12·9 and 12·6 %. The prevalence of undernutrition was significantly higher in children with cholestasis than children without cholestasis (stunting, 17·5 %/4·4 %,P < 0·001, and underweight, 14·9 %/4·9 %,P < 0·001). HAZ and WAZ scores were significantly higher in children without cholestasis than children with cholestasis (0·58 (sd 1·59)/−0·68 (sd 1·99),P < 0·001, and 0·37 (sd 1·35)/−0·47 (sd 1·75),P < 0·001). Further multivariate logistic regression analysis strengthened the evidence that cholestasis was significantly associated with undernutrition of stunting (OR = 4·18,P = 0·002) and underweight (OR = 3·26,P = 0·008), and suggested that the prevalence of stunting caused by infection was lower than other aetiologies in hospitalised children with liver disease (OR = 0·10,P = 0·002). We concluded that a high prevalence of malnutrition and risk of undernutrition presents in hospitalised young children with liver disease, especially in children with cholestasis. Nutrition assessment is recommended for hospitalised children with liver disease.
Perspective Taking, Self-Anchoring, and Attention to Context in Long-Distance and Geographically Close Romantic Relationships
Authors: Miron Anca M. , Kulibert Danica , Petrouske Alisha , Saltigerald Ben
Published: October 2017

We manipulated perspective taking and measured romantic intimates’ attention to their partners’ context. Participants read a letter supposedly from their romantic partner describing the partner's precarious situation (e.g., stress and financial issues) and either imagined their partner's difficult situation (n = 87) or remained objective and detached (n = 85). Afterwards, they drew a picture of their romantic partner in the situation (drawing task) and wrote about the thoughts they had while reading the letter (writing task). As predicted, when adopting their romantic partner's perspective (vs. remaining detached), geographically close intimates focused more on their partner's context, whereas long-distance intimates relied on self-anchoring processes to produce knowledge about their partner's feelings and thoughts in that specific situation. We discuss theoretical, clinical, and therapeutic implications of the findings for the study of differential perspective-taking processes and mechanisms in long-distance and geographically close relationships.
Stability of centrality measures in valued networks regarding different actor non-response treatments and macro-network structures
Authors: ŽNIDARŠIČ ANJA , FERLIGOJ ANUŠKA , DOREIAN PATRICK
Published: October 2017

Social network data are prone to errors regardless their source. This paper focuses on missing data due to actor non-response in valued networks. If actors refuse to provide information, all values for outgoing ties are missing. Partially observed incoming ties to non-respondents and all other patterns for ties between members of the network can be used to impute missing outgoing ties. Many centrality measures are used to determine the most prominent actors inside the network. Using treatments for actor non-response enables us to estimate better the centrality scores of all actors regarding their popularity or prominence. Simulations using initial known blockmodel structures based on three most frequently occurring macro-network structures: cohesive subgroups, core-periphery models, and hierarchical structures were used to evaluate the relative merits of the treatments for non-response. The results indicate that the amount of non-respondents, the type of underlying macro-structure, and the employed treatment have an impact on centrality scores. Regardless of the underlying network structure, the median of the 3-nearest neighbors based on incoming ties performs the best. The adequacy (or not) of the other non-response treatments is contingent on the network macro-structure.
Magnetostratigraphic dating of the Linyi Fauna and implications for sequencing the mammalian faunas on the Chinese Loess Plateau
Authors: Qiu Yahui , Ao Hong , Zhang Yunxiang , Shu Peixian , Li Yongxiang , Li Xingwen , Zhang Peng
Published: October 2017

The Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) in North China is an important terrestrial archive that witnessed the environmental changes and mammal and early human evolution in Asia over the past 2.6 Ma. Establishing precise ages for the Pleistocene faunas on the CLP is critical for better understanding of these environmental, biological, and archaeological issues. Here we report a new magnetostratigraphic record that places age constraints on the Linyi Fauna on the southeastern CLP. Our investigated 170-m-thick Linyi section mainly consists of two portions: (1) an overlying eolian Quaternary loess-paleosol sequence and (2) underlying fluvial-lacustrine sand and silty clay. Paleomagnetic results suggest that the composite section records the Brunhes chron, Jaramillo and Olduvai subchrons, and successive reverse polarity portions of the intervening Matuyama chron. The Linyi Fauna is located between Jaramillo and Olduvai subchrons in the fluvial-lacustrine interval, with an estimated age of ~1.5–1.6 Ma. Combining previously dated faunas, we establish a Pleistocene magnetochronology spanning from 2.54 to 0.65 Ma for the faunas on the CLP.