bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CONSISTÊNCIA DO REGISTRO DOS CASOS DE HANSENÍASE NO SISTEMA DE INFORMAÇÃO DE AGRAVOS DE NOTIFICAÇÃO EM MINAS GERAIS - PERÍODO: 2017 A 2021
Authors: Reis Gabriel Correia Saturnino , Lages Daniele dos Santos , Lana Francisco Carlos Félix
Published: July 2024

Objetivo: Verificar a completude e a consistência das informações dos pacientes diagnosticados com hanseníase e registrados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação. Método: Estudo ecológico descritivo, quantitativo e de caráter transversal, conduzido em três etapas. A população do estudo foi composta pelos casos de hanseníase registrados no banco de dados do Sinan, durante o período de estudado (2017 a 2021). Os elementos extraídos de banco de dados secundários foram lançados em um banco de dados criado no software Microsoft Excel (versão 2016) para a construção da completude e consistência. Resultados: Foram notificados 6.568 casos de hanseníase em Minas Gerais, o percentual de completude apresentado foi de 91,4%. Já em relação a consistência, o percentual foi de 93,3%. Ao analisar as Unidades Regionais de Saúde, observou-se que Belo Horizonte apresentou o percentual “Precário” nos três níveis de atenção à saúde para as variáveis de completude e consistência, apontando possíveis fragilidades nos serviços de referência. Conclusão: Independentemente do nível de atenção à saúde, o estado e suas Unidades Regionais de Saúde, apresentaram percentual de completude e consistência heterogêneos, sendo o estado classificado como “Regular” e “Bom”, respectivamente, após aplicação do quartil de distribuição.
Produção de sinais-termos em Libras para conceitos acadêmicos
Authors: Albres Neiva de Aquino
Published: July 2024

Considerando a relevância do vocabulário em uma língua para os processos de ensino e aprendizagem de áreas do conhecimento e a lacuna na literatura no que tange à comparação das pesquisas no cenário de produção nacional, o objetivo deste artigo foi mapear os artigos recentes sobre a produção de sinais-termos acadêmicos para a Libras e propor uma visão geral de pesquisa. Delineia-se como método uma revisão sistemática com 770 artigos publicados entre 2010 e 2024, selecionados 37, analisados a partir de sua intersecção com a educação, classificados segundo critérios institucionais, cronológico, e área de conhecimento. Nesse sentido, adotamos como palavras de busca estas três áreas: Libras e dicionário, Libras e glossário, Libras e lexicologia.  Como resultado, constatou-se a predominância de artigos empíricos e de natureza qualitativa, além da necessidade de desenvolvimento conceitual para o tema. Há preferência pela aplicação de pesquisas terminológicas no campo das exatas, configurando lacuna de pesquisa do tema no que se refere ao campo das ciências humanas. As contribuições deste estudo residem na apresentação de frentes de pesquisa, cujo propósito maior é auxiliar o desenvolvimento teórico e empírico da lexicografia e terminologia da Libras.
Análise da distribuição do crédito rural nas regiões da Campanha e Fronteira Oeste do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Fossá Juliano Luiz , Troian Alessandra
Published: July 2024

O crédito rural é o principal instrumento de apoio à agropecuária brasileira, e se coloca como elemento determinante no processo produtivo. Neste sentido, a pesquisa visa analisar a distribuição do crédito rural nas regiões da Campanha e Fronteira Oeste do Rio Grande do Sul entre 2013 e 2023. Em relação a abordagem metodológica, a pesquisa classifica-se como quantitativa. A delimitação da pesquisa se deu nos 20 municípios pertencentes às regiões da Campanha e da Fronteira Oeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A análise discorreu sobre o montante de recursos, número de contratos, valor médio das operações e principais produtos financiados. Foram contemplados os recursos das Linhas Tradicionais, do Programa Nacional de Apoio ao Médio Produtor (Pronamp) e Programa de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar (Pronaf). Os principais resultados apontam para crescimento de 47,3% dos recursos no período, o qual totalizou R$ 57,3 bilhões. Em relação ao número de contratos, ocorreu redução de 20,6%, passando de 24.618 em 2013 para 19.536 no ano de 2023. Além disso, os dados demonstraram que os principais produtos financiados em termos de custeio foram: bovinos, arroz, soja, trigo e milho. Por fim, considera-se que a política pública de crédito rural nas regiões estudadas segue a lógica institucional do Sistema Nacional de Crédito Rural (SNCR), fortalecendo a especialização produtiva, a monocultura e a concentração dos recursos em poucos produtos, vinculados às grandes cadeias do agronegócio.
Exclusion Created by Borders
Authors: Jaworańska Natalia , Bomastyk Michał
Published: July 2024

The aim of this text is to review the 2016 book by Reece Jones Violent Borders. Refugees and the Right to Move. In the book, the author presents how borders, fences, and walls reinforce social, political, and economic exclusion of many people, especially migrants and refugees. Jones argues that the way of creating borders should and must be changed since it deprives many individuals of the right to move freely.
PROPERTI PSIKOMETRI SKALA INTEGRITAS AKADEMIK MAHASISWA: APLIKASI MODEL RASCH
Authors: Widodo Prasetyo Budi , Rusmawati Diana
Published: July 2024

Penelitian mengenai integritas akademik menjadi penting mengingat tuntutan akan integritas akademik terhadap sumber daya manusia di bidang pendidikan, utamanya peserta didik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan instrumen pengukuran integritas akademik dan menelaahnya dari kerangka pandang psikometri. Skala integritas akademik dalam penelitian ini disusun dengan menggunakan format situational judgement test. Pengujian properti psikometri terhadap skala integritas akademik untuk mahasiswa dengan total item sebanyak 30 butir menggunakan model Rasch karena model Rasch membantu peneliti mengembangkan skala dengan karakteristik psikometri yang kuat yang tidak tergantung pada sampel. Subjek dalam studi ini adalah 233 orang mahasiswa. Hasil analisis menunjukkan reliabilitas subjek secara keseluruhan sebesar .72 dan reliabilitas instrument sebesar .98. Terdapat 5 item yang tidak fit dengan model dan validitas skala menunjukkan adanya unidimensionalitas skala. Validitas skala peringkat ditunjukkan adanya pilihan 1 sampai 3 menyebabkan subjek secara tepat menyampaikan respon tentang integritas akademik diri mereka. Bias karena perbedaan jenis kelamin dan asal perguruan tinggi terjadi pada 2 dan 5 item. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa secara empiris skala integritas akademik mahaasiswa memiliki kualitas psikometri yang baik.
STUDI KUALITATIF: INTENSI MENETAP ATAU BERPINDAH KERJA PADA KARYAWAN
Authors: Fabiansyah Alhimni , Adibah Almaas
Published: July 2024

Perpindahan pekerjaan bukanlah fenomena baru di dunia kerja, hal ini sudah ada sejak awal era industri. Namun dalam beberapa dekade terakhir, aktivitas perpindahan pekerjaan di dunia kerja sebagian besar dikaitkan dengan karyawan generasi muda. Perilaku berpindah pekerjaan telah menjadi masalah penting bagi organisasi karena dapat menimbulkan kerugian. Organisasi perlu untuk menemukan faktor-faktor utama yang menginspirasi karyawan muda mereka untuk bertahan lebih lama sekaligus mencegah seringnya berpindah pekerjaan di organisasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui alasan mengapa seseorang memiliki intensi untuk menetap atau berpindah-pindah kerja. Melalui pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode fenomenologi, diperoleh 4 orang partisipan yang diperoleh melalui teknik purposive sampling. Analisis data dilakukan dengan interpretative pheneomenological analysis. Penelitian ini menemukan sepuluh tema yang mendasari individu memilih menetap atau berpindah pekerjaan, yaitu faktor lingkungan kerja (rekan kerja, pimpinan, kondisi tempat kerja), gaji, beban kerja, peluang pengembangan diri dan jenjang karir, budaya organisasi, kemampuan beradaptasi di lingkungan kerja yang baru, keinginan untuk mengeksplorasi pengalaman dari tempat kerja lain, keyakinan individu terhadap perusahaannya, cara pandang individu terhadap kemampuannya di tempat kerja dan harapan keluarga.
SOCCER: MOST FAVORITE CASUAL GAME
Authors: Setyabudi Djoko , Dewi Reni Shinta , Pradhanawati Ari
Published: July 2024

This study aims to discover the favorite casual games in adults, both gamers and not. Respondents ranged in age from 17 to 56.This study fills the research gap about the taste of casual gaming in the city of Semarang, because so far researchers have often found many studies on the types of games that fall into the category of ‘heavy games’ and tend to be played by game addicts who dedicate time and money to playing games or e-sports athletes. This research gives us information about the types of casual games that are most liked by adult game players in the city of Semarang. Meanwhile, the casual game category is ignored because it is only played by players who are not serious and just to pass the time. In addition, it also provides information on the extent to which casual players are willing to play the type of games that they think are worth playing, including the criteria for games to be installed to try to play. Inside their smartphones are installed Android-based game applications that are played. Conducted in Semarang, the sampling technique used was convenience sampling with 170 people. The data will be analyzed with quantitative descriptive methods to describe the condition of the sample. The findings showed that respondents liked games that were lightweight, uncomplicated, and required high concentration. Games that can be played in the past and tend to be dexterous.
Phylogeny, Regeneration, Ageing and Cancer: Role of Microenvironment and Possibility of Its Therapeutic Manipulation
Authors: Smetana Karel , Dvořánková B. , Lacina L.
Published: July 2024

Data about the possible correlation between reduction of the regeneration capacity in the course of phylogeny and formation of malignant tumours have been summarized from invertebrates to mammals. The evolutionarily increasing complexity of body building plane and expectancy of longevity in the course of phylogeny seems to be grossly negatively correlated with diminished regeneration capacity, but positively with increased occurrence of malignant tumours. A certain evolution-based switch-off mechanism reducing the extent of regeneration in developmentally complicated and long-living animals such as mammals and birds can be hypothesized and benefits of loss of this ability are discussed. This high incidence of malignancies seems to be related, in addition to other factors, to prolonged and cumulative exposure to cancerogenic stimuli in the course of lifetime. Longevity, supported by the progress and availability of medical care to the population, has been unveiling this phenomenon during recent decades. From this point of view, ageing represents the main risk for cancer acquisition. The probable role of microenvironment in all the discussed phenomena such as healing/regeneration, inflammation, and cancer is discussed and targeting of microenvironment is consequently predicted as a possible therapeutic target where controlled manipulation may represent a new approach to the treatment of cancer patients.
Globalization: its complexity and critique – on the need to direct the society towards knowledge
Authors: Cybal-Michalska Agnieszka
Published: July 2024

Contemporary discourse on the quality of a globalising world of multiple opportunities, the factors determining shifts in the social configuration and the condition of the human being seeking their place in a reality in constant changeis one of the most important orientations. The contemporary social configuration opens up a wide range ofpossibilities for individuals to construct their own biographies. Contemporary studies on the quality of the globalizing society necessitate considering the need to shape society based on knowledge and reflection on that knowledge,while also guarding the values upon which this knowledge depends. The immanent characteristic of the renewal of knowledge capital means continuous development. The variety, fragmentation, variability and complexity of the forms of organisation of social life in a globalising society determine changing perceptions of development and overcoming the tension between the experiences of the past and the possibilities of the future.
Clinical utility of regions of homozygosity (ROH) identified in exome sequencing: when to pursue confirmatory uniparental disomy testing for imprinting disorders?
Authors: Huo Xiaoyan , Lu Xinyi , Lu Deyun , Liu Huili , Liu Yi , Zhao Qianfeng , Sun Yu , Dai Weiqian , Qiu Wenjuan , Yu Yongguo , Fan Yanjie
Published: July 2024

Objectives

Regions of homozygosity (ROH) could implicate uniparental disomy (UPD) on specific chromosomes associated with imprinting disorders. Though the algorithms for ROH detection in exome sequencing (ES) have been developed, optimal reporting thresholds and when to pursue confirmatory UPD testing for imprinting disorders remain in ambiguity. This study used a data-driven approach to assess optimal reporting thresholds of ROH in clinical practice.

Methods

ROH analysis was performed using Automap in a retrospective cohort of 8,219 patients and a prospective cohort of 1,964 patients with ES data. Cases with ROH on imprinting-disorders related chromosomes were selected for additional methylation-specific confirmatory testing. The diagnostic yield, the ROH pattern of eventually diagnosed cases and optimal thresholds for confirmatory testing were analyzed.

Results

In the retrospective analysis, 15 true UPD cases of imprinting disorders were confirmed among 51 suspected cases by ROH detection. Pattern of ROH differed between confirmed UPD and non-UPD cases. Maximized yield and minimized false discovery rate of confirmatory UPD testing was achieved at the thresholds of >20 Mb or >25 % chromosomal coverage for interstitial ROH, and >5 Mb for terminal ROH. Current recommendation by ACMG was nearly optimal, though refined thresholds as proposed in this study could reduce the workload by 31 % without losing any true UPD diagnosis. Our refined thresholds remained optimal after independent evaluation in a prospective cohort.

Conclusions

ROH identified in ES could implicate the presence of clinically relevant UPD. This study recommended size and coverage thresholds for confirmatory UPD testing after ROH detection in ES, contributing to the development of evidence-based reporting guidelines.
Layouts and tips for a typical final-year chemical engineering graduation project
Authors: Khadom Anees A.
Published: July 2024

A fundamental step in the education and scientific research processes is the final-year project for undergraduate students. In chemical engineering departments, the final year project has unique properties since it deals with the design and production of specific materials or chemicals. It represents a whole plant design. In the present work, a layout and tips are proposed for a typical final-year chemical engineering graduation project. Six chapters are suggested. Each chapter is given a main theme and subtitles in order to facilitate the writing process of the project. Chapter one represents an introduction to the importance of the material that was produced, material properties, production process, etc. In chapter two, material and energy balance calculations are addressed. Chapter three handled the equipment design. Cost and environmental assessments are discussed in Chapter four. The results of chapters two and three are compared with software outcomes, which can be collected in chapter five. Finally, the main results, conclusion, and recommendations for future work are proposed to be in Chapter six. Furthermore, tips and advice are addressed to assist students in the writing of a typical graduation project.
Adsorbent made with inexpensive, local resources
Authors: Obeid Ashraf Fakhri , Nile Basim Khalil , Al Juboury Maad F. , Ghanim Abdulnoor A. J. , Hassan Waqed H.
Published: July 2024

An affordable local adsorbent was physically activated and modified to form a novel composite adsorbent. Similar processes were used to activate bentonite and limestone to create this low-cost local adsorbent. Furthermore, when compared to the inexpensive local resources, the innovative composite adsorbent showed improved adsorption capacity. Fouling brought on by sulphate-ion pollution is a significant problem in the wastewater treatment industry. In this work, a composite material known as Limestone and Bentonite composite, was developed, and its capacity to absorb sulphate ions from tainted wastewater was evaluated. Using the scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller theory, the chemical, elemental, and mineralogical properties, as well as the functional group interaction, of the limestone, bentonite, and LB composite were determined. The model wastewater initially included 900 mg/L of sulphate ions; however, the experiment showed that the new (LB) composite absorbed over 729 mg/L of sulphate ions. Its (LB) = 81% strong elimination effectiveness was observed. It was found that the ideal adsorption conditions were 250 rpm, 60 min, 900 mg/L, and 0.5 g/50 mL. Adsorption studies were carried out in batches. With a greater determination coefficient, the Freundlich model provides a more accurate prediction for adsorption processes, bolstering the theory that chemisorption is the actual adsorption process. These results demonstrate the novel composite adsorbent (LB)’s tremendous potential for sulphate ion absorption.
Activation of NPY Receptors in the BLA Inhibits Projections to the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis and Buffers Stress-Induced Decreases in Social Interaction in Male Rats
Authors: Bompolaki Maria , Vantrease Jaime E. , DeJoseph Mary R. , Miranda Tapia Ana P. , Colmers William F. , Urban Janice H.
Published: July 2024

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) increases resilience and buffers behavioral stress responses in male rats in part through decreasing the excitability of principal output neurons in the basolateral amygdala (BLA). Intra-BLA administration of NPY acutely increases social interaction (SI) through activation of either Y1or Y5receptors, whereas repeated NPY (rpNPY) injections (once daily for 5 d) produce persistent increases in SI through Y5receptor-mediated neuroplasticity in the BLA. In this series of studies, we characterized the neural circuits from the BLA that underlie these behavioral responses to NPY. Using neuronal tract tracing, NPY Y1and Y5receptor immunoreactivity was identified on subpopulations of BLA neurons projecting to the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) and the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA). Inhibition of BLA→BNST, but not BLA→CeA, neurons using projection-restricted, cre-driven designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drug-Giexpression increased SI and prevented stress-induced decreases in SI produced by a 30 min restraint stress. This behavioral profile was similar to that seen after both acute and rpNPY injections into the BLA. Intracellular recordings of BLA→BNST neurons demonstrated NPY-mediated inhibition via suppression of H currents, as seen previously. Repeated intra-BLA injections of NPY, which are associated with the induction of BLA neuroplasticity, decreased the activity of BLA→BNST neurons and decreased their dendritic complexity. These results demonstrate that NPY modulates the activity of BNST-projecting BLA neurons, suggesting that this pathway contributes to the stress-buffering actions of NPY and provides a novel substrate for the proresilient effects of NPY.
Oakland Tough
Authors: Schwarzer Mitchell
Published: July 2024

The postwar Bay Area is famous for birthing a series of influential cultural movements. Yet aside from the Black Panther Party, Oakland’s contributions have not received a comprehensive appraisal. This article investigates three such undertakings in the period between 1938 and 1970. Earliest, Jack LaLanne and Ed Yarick launched bodybuilding gyms that attracted boys and men to seek salvation by bulking up their physiques. Next, Bruce Lee and James Yimm Lee built upon the Bay Area’s postwar martial arts scene to recast traditional Chinese techniques into hybrid fighting styles. Lastly, Sonny Barger’s Oakland chapter of the Hells Angels cultivated outlaw behavior on city streets, rural byways, and barrooms and festivals across California. Most of these men grew up in declining urban neighborhoods that sparked in them feelings of insecurity as well as outrage. Their experiments in states of heightened masculinity may be seen as a stab at becoming relevant (and famous) on their own terms. The musclemen, martial artists, and bikers benefited from California’s mounting limelight of glossy magazines, films, and television, a media infrastructure that they worked to broadcast the visually explosive scenes happening in Oakland to a national and even international audience.
Production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from non-edible lignocellulosic food wastes
Authors: Muslu Ayşe , Üçüncü Osman , Baltacı Cemalettin
Published: July 2024

The compound 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF) has emerged as a versatile intermediate with the ability to undergo conversion into both fuel and a variety of platform chemicals. Lignocellulosic biomass, such as hazelnut shells and tea processing residues, was employed in this study for HMF production through two distinct methods. In the first method, cellulose from biomass was converted to sugars using a 4% acid solution, followed by catalytic conversion with NaCl/CrCl3.6H2O. After a 1-h reaction at 131 °C in a high-pressure system, HMF was obtained from tea processing waste and hazelnut shells with yields of 8.6% (82.3 mg/g) and 6.7% (66.7 mg/g), respectively. The second method involved LiCl/NaCl-doped N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA) as an ionic solvent system for HMF production. After a 2-h reaction at 131 °C in the DMA-NaCl/[EMIM]Cl ionic solvent system, HMF was obtained from tea processing waste and hazelnut shell celluloses with yields of 5.7% (57.5 mg/g) and 3.1% (31.3 mg/g), respectively. This study contributes to the economic conversion of various food wastes into valuable chemicals, highlighting the potential of lignocellulosic biomass in sustainable chemical production.
BINARY OPPOSITIONS IN LEONID ANDREEV’S CHRISTMAS STORY “ANGELOCHEK”
Authors: Skuridina Svetlana , Kuzminykh Elena , Novikova Marina
Published: July 2024

The article analyzes the story “Angelochek” (“The Little Angel”), which has an important place in the creativе work of Leonid Andreev, and is included in the school curriculum, where its plot is considered within the framework of the established literary approach to the Christmas story. Most of the researchers note the changes that occurred to the boy after his meeting with the angel, and believe that the Christmas miracle did happen, positively affecting Sashka’s life. The authors of this work propose a different approach to the story: binary oppositions (living-inanimate, truth-lie, real-fake, friend-alien, man-beast, earth-sky, etc.) are revealed, reflecting the ambivalence of the writer’s view of the problem; onomastic units, which, being part of symbolic and autobiographical contexts, make it possible to clarify the intent of the work, are considered. The plot of the story is autobiographical (the angel, once removed by the future writer from the Christmas tree and placed on the stove, melts), but the main character is now a boy from a poor family who goes to celebrate the holiday to the rich patrons, the Svechnikovs. The space of the Svechnikov house is ambivalent: for the father it is a symbol of lost paradise, and for the son it is the habitat of devils, because the Christmas symbols filling the house are fake. Acquisition of humanity through the rebirth of the soul is the most significant theme of the story, realized through the “man-beast” opposition. Sashka’s family is inscribed in the zoomorphic code of the text of the story. Possessing the angel creates a feeling of “human happiness,” which results in the elimination of the animal element in the boy’s image. However, the memory of his father, who is part of the anti-house, brings Sashka’s animal appearance back. The “iving-inanimate” opposition sets the parameters of Sashka’s fate, for whom “non-life” is the only possible way out of the cycle of meaningless existence. The hope for the rebirth of the boy’s soul is illusory (the opposition is “real-fake”). By the end of the story, the motifs of gravity and immersion in the abyss are intensified: the personification of salvation — a melted angel with dragonfly wings — falls to the floor at the end of Christmas. A cockroach that is unable to fly now becomes the symbol of substitution. The illusory nature of hopes is confirmed by the chronotope of the story. Christmas breaks the cycle of existence and introduces the boy to the circle of eternity, but the striking of the clock brings the heroes back to earth and accelerates their biological time. The image of the “frozen water carrier” in the story’s finale is a symbol of the return of cyclicity to the child’s life and a sign that the revival did not take place.
Ancestry and sustainability: industrializing Tie-Dye with natural dyes in the Tunisian textile sector
Authors: Nairi Aicha
Published: July 2024

Natural dyeing is an ancestral craft that dates back to the earliest civilizations. This art perfectly aligns with the eco-design approach sought by many textile industries. Indeed, the fashion industry is rethinking its ways of manufacturing, consuming, and reducing the use of all substances that lead to water contamination and environmental pollution. The industrialization of ancestral dyeing is a process adopted by several Tunisian textile companies. However, this process is somewhat complex due to the sophisticated techniques involved, with Tie-dye being one of the prominent methods. In this context, this article explores the fusion of this ancient technique with eco-design to reinvent modern textiles. By highlighting the Tie and Dye technique, the study examines how these methods can be integrated into sustainable design practices. The aim is to demonstrate that ancestral know-how can not only preserve cultural heritage but also offer innovative and ecological solutions to contemporary environmental challenges. This article discusses the results of our research on the industrialization of the traditional Tie and Dye effect and the exploration of new horizons in 'textile' eco-design within the Tunisian textile development laboratory, Chimitex, through the use of plant-based dyes.
Evaluation of growth-promoting effect of 1-(2-(dodecyloxy)-2-oxoethyl)pyridin-1-ium chloride on wheat seedlings
Authors: Rogalsky Sergiy P. , Tarasyuk Oksana P. , Bulko Olga V. , Lioshyna Lyudmila G.
Published: July 2024

Ester-functionalized long-chain pyridinium salt 1-(2-(dodecyloxy)-2-oxoethyl)pyridin-1-ium chloride (1b) has been synthesized. The influence of the substance on morpho-physiological traits of wheat seedlings (germination, shoot and root length and biomass, chlorophylls and carotenoids content, as well as flavonoid content) has been studied. The germination of seeds increased after their exposure to water solutions of pyridinium chloride 1b in the concentration range 0.001-0.1%. However, the concentration 0.1% has a negative effect on plant growth leading to reduced growth parameters in shoots and roots, plant mass, as well as pigments content. The exposure of wheat seeds to water solutions of pyridinium salt with lower concentrations (especially at 0.001%) significantly increased shoot and root length, as well as wet green mass in 7-day-old seedlings. At a concentration of 0.01%, the substance caused a significant increase of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids content thus revealing a positive effect on the photosynthetic apparatus of plant leaves. The flavonoid content in a green part of the plants also significantly increased which may indicate activating the plant defense system under mild stress conditions. The high growth-promoting effect of long-chain pyridinium chloride 1b on wheat plants, together with its broad range of antimicrobial activity and biodegradability, makes it an attractive product for various agrochemical applications
Enhancing fruit spirit quality: Novel approaches to mash acidification techniques
Authors: Fejzullahu F. , Kun-Farkas G. , Kun Sz.
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of various mash acidification techniques in alcoholic fermentation for the production of apple spirit. Lachancea thermotolerans and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strains were selected to conduct pre-fermentative acidification of the mash alongside a conventional chemical acidification approach. The results confirm that L. thermotolerans and L. plantarum possess acidifying potential and can serve as effective biotools for the protection of apple mash during fermentation. Through their outstanding lactic acid production (1.05–1.26 g L−1), they were able to reduce the pH of the mash by 0.29–0.40 pH units. Moreover, the sequential fermentation of these strains with Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a powerful strategy to modulate the aroma profile of apple spirits. Spirits were characterised by an enhanced ester profile with particularly increased ethyl lactate concentrations.
Critical review of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder: Unanswered questions and future directions
Authors: Hood Alex P. , Corlett Chris E. , Alldredge Cameron T. , Elkins Gary R.
Published: July 2024

Background and Aims

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating condition that affects a sizable proportion of U.S. civilians, military personnel, and veterans. 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine-Assisted Therapy (MDMA-AT) is a novel treatment approach for PTSD that has both stirred media enthusiasm and drawn criticism. This critical review analyzes individual randomized, controlled trials of MDMA-AT and provides a narrative synthesis.

Methods

A library search and analysis of extant literature reviews was conducted to identify publications containing original research findings with inter-group statistical comparisons from randomized, controlled trials of MDMA-AT. Seven articles were identified. One pilot study was excluded due to a lack of inter-group comparison.

Results

To date, six (four Phase II and two Phase III) randomized, controlled trials of MDMA-AT have been published which met criteria for inclusion in this review. Study design, sponsor, recruitment methods, and participant demographics are similar across trials.

Conclusions

Five out of six reviewed studies provide evidence for the apparent safety and efficacy of MDMA-AT. However, the lack of suitable comparison condition, poor blinding, and rigid study design across trials make interpretation of results difficult. In addition, the high costs of MDMA-AT and lack of head-to-head comparisons with validated PTSD therapies cast doubt on its potential promise as a treatment. The role of the sponsoring organization behind all trials may further introduce bias into findings. Though research to date is encouraging, there is not yet sufficient evidence to suggest that MDMA-AT should be see widespread adoption over current, validated forms PTSD of treatment.
David Downie: Cooking the Roman Way
Authors: Dalby Andrew
Published: July 2024

David Downie: Cooking the Roman Way: HarperCollins, New York, 2002: ISBN 0060188928: xxii+314 pp., colour photos by Alison Harris, h/b.
Ben Rogers: Beef and Liberty – Roast Beef, John Bull and the English Nation
Authors: Jaine Tom
Published: July 2024

Ben Rogers: Beef and Liberty – Roast Beef, John Bull and the English Nation: Chatto & Windus, 2003: ISBN 070116980X: 207 pp., illus., h/b, £17.99.
Wynkyn de Worde: The Boke of Keruynge
Authors: Jaine Tom
Published: July 2024

Wynkyn de Worde: The Boke of Keruynge: with an introduction by Peter Brears: Southover Press, 2003: ISBN 1870962192: 121 pp., b&w illus., h/b, £13.50.
Evaluating eco- and human capital efficiency in Russian regions: insights from subjective well-being indicators in the context of geo-economic fragmentation
Authors: Chernenko Ilia M. ,   Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
Published: July 2024

Relevance. Fostering well-being ranks high on regional social policy agendas. With the dynamic shifts in the international economic landscape, known as geo-economic fragmentation, there's a pressing urgency for stakeholders to optimize resource allocation at the regional level, increasing interest in efficient strategies to adapt to sanctions while enhancing overall well-being. Research objective. This article aims to investigate the dimensions and determinants of the eco- and human capital efficiency in Russian regions in the context of geo-economic fragmentation and sanctions pressure. Data and methods. A proposed three-stage approach integrates factor analysis to identify subjective well-being indicators, data envelopment analysis (DEA) to evaluate socio-eco-efficiency, and panel tobit regression to examine the determinants of efficiency. Microdata from the Rossat Comprehensive Observation of Living Conditions database were utilized, covering the period from 2014 to 2022. To assess efficiency, a DEA model is employed. The output indicators from this model were the estimated measures of subjective well-being. These indicators were validated through factor analysis and included professional satisfaction, safety assessment, accessibility and quality of social and cultural infrastructure in the regions. Results. In the given period, people reported feeling increasingly satisfied with jobs and quality of life, though there was a noticeable slowdown in the growth of human capital development indicators, environmental investments, and real income by early 2023. Efficiency varied significantly among the regions. Industrially developed mining areas and republics in the North Caucasus consistently showed high socio-eco-efficiency, despite limited resources. The efficiency benefited both from digitalization and increased per capita gross regional product, but urbanization had a negative impact. Conclusions. Amid geo-economic fragmentation, regional communities and job markets face significant challenges in adaptation. With the looming risk of declining satisfaction and perceived quality of life, it is imperative for regional policies to bolster tangible well-being indicators and invest in social capital and infrastructure to address these issues effectively.
Analyzing regional connectivity through population mobility data from cellular operators
Authors: Martynenko Alexander V. ,   Institute of Economics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation, Myslyakova Yuliya G. , Matushkina Natalia A. , Neklyudova Natalia N. ,   Institute of Economics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation,   Institute of Economics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation,   Institute of Economics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
Published: July 2024

Relevance. In the current economic climate, maintaining the integrity of regional economic space is crucial. This involves ensuring uniform socio-economic development across regions and promoting a high rate of technology transfer from the center to the periphery. Therefore, it is essential to identify sustainable points of spatial development that represent centers of power concentration and guide spatial transformation. Research objective. The study aims to assess the connectivity of the region’s economic space by measuring population mobility. This approach will help identify the centers of social and labor communications that represent sustainable points of spatial development. The focus of the study is on the municipal districts of Sverdlovsk region, which are key elements of its economic space. Data and methods. The study employed geoinformation analysis of origin-destination matrix of population flows in Sverdlovsk region (Russian Federation), provided by Russian mobile operators. Results. The paper presents the analysis of intracity and intercity population flows based on the average daily data of mobile operators for 2022. The intensity and diversification of population flows in the region’s municipal districts, reflecting the connectivity of its economic space, were estimated using geographic information systems and the Python programming language. The study revealed that Sverdlovsk region has a bicentric system of spatial interconnections, with two distinct centers of attraction: Ekaterinburg and Nizhny Tagil, with Ekaterinburg being the dominant center. Conclusions. The proposed classification of municipal districts by the level of their inclusion into the economic space of Sverdlovsk region illustrates that only 5% are characterized by intensive and diversified inter-territorial interaction, while 34% are characterized by low indicators of intensity and diversification of mobile population flows. The spatial structure of the municipalities in Sverdlovsk region, which are located in the zone of attraction to the agglomeration centers, will be maintained and reinforced.
Federal intergovernmental transfers in the Russian Federation: experience and results of implementation
Authors: Pobedin Alexander A. ,   The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
Published: July 2024

Relevance. Intergovernmental budgetary regulation is pivotal for promoting territorial equalization and bridging socio-economic gaps among regions. It ensures equitable access to public goods for all citizens, irrespective of their location. The effective distribution of federal financial assistance, guided by the principles of budget federalism, is essential for maintaining macroeconomic stability and fostering sustainable socio-economic development on the national and regional levels. Research Objective. The study aims to assess the competitive positions of Russian regions within the distribution system of federal intergovernmental transfers. Method and Data. To investigate Russia’s system of intergovernmental transfers, the research employs statistical methods, including structural-dynamic, grouping, and graphical analysis, along with novel analytical tools like the dependence coefficient and income coefficient. The study encompasses data from 2015 to 2022, sourced from the Federal Treasury and Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat). Results. The study analyzes the dynamics of transfers from the federal budget to regional budgets and shows significant transformations in the transfer structure, revealing a decrease in non-targeted transfers and an increase in targeted ones. The study also examines the differences between regions in the distribution of these transfers. Russian regions were grouped depending on the share of federal transfers in their total budget income and the average per capita income in their consolidated budget. The study introduces a novel methodological approach through the use of newly developed tools—the dependence coefficient and income coefficient—to evaluate regional competitiveness. Conclusion. Despite an overall increase in federal transfers, persistent regional disparities intensify competition for financial assistance. These findings can be of interest to policymakers at federal and regional levels, researchers, and educators in relevant fields.
The role of rotation shift settlements for the sustainable development of Russia’s Far North urbanization
Authors: Mizerovskaya Ulyana V. ,   People’s Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russian Federation, Chaika Egor E. ,   People’s Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: July 2024

Relevance. As permanent settlements in the Russian Far North suffer increasing depopulation, a "shadow" settlement framework is emerging through rotational labor migration. Despite nearly half a century of history, rotational shift work in the North remains largely spontaneous, posing risks to sustainable development. Research Objective. This study examines rotational shift settlements as elements of the population settlement system in the Russian Far North and analyzes their role in transforming the region's settlement patterns. Data and Methods. Data on rotational shift camps were gathered from various open web sources and the Ministry for the Development of the Far East and the Arctic. Information on permanent settlements was obtained from Rosstat (Federal State Statistics Service). The study employed systemic and comparative analysis methods. Results. Unlike other Russian regions, rotational shift settlements in the Far North were initially integrated into the local settlement system. However, socio-economic changes in the 1990s disrupted the established Soviet model of integration, leading to the spontaneous development of these settlements. This unregulated growth poses increasing risks in such areas as ecology and social well-being. Conclusions. To regulate the status of rotational settlements, legislative initiatives should be supported by updated conceptual and terminological frameworks. The urbanization process in this geostrategically important and environmentally vulnerable region must be controlled or at least predictable to ensure timely responses to emergencies.
Russian Regions Clustering by the Level of Higher Education Development and Economic Competitiveness
Authors: Safiullin M. R. , Gataullina А. А. , Ildarkhanova А. К. , Kuzmishin I. А.
Published: July 2024

To achieve a long-term stable growth in the social and economic well-being of the region, it is important to pay attention to the level of education in the latter, since the indicators that determine the level of higher education in the region and the indicators of the region’s competitiveness are interdependent. The authors’ aim is to work out a unified methodology that would make it possible to compare the level of development of any Russian region with the level of education in it. This research paper, based on the use of comparison methods, statistical grouping and matrix modeling, proposes a methodology for clustering regions according to the level of higher education development and the competitiveness of the territory’s economy. By means of the analysis of statistical information presented in the official databases of Rosstat and the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation for 2021, the study identifies trends describing the correlation between the level of development of regional higher education and gross regional product. This paper is the first to provide a detailed analysis of the ratio of the regional higher education development index (based on seven groups of indicators: level of education, higher education personnel sufficiency, development of scientific potential in higher education, solution of social problems in the region, reputation of the regional higher school, development of the digital economy, infrastructure) and the gross regional product of 85 Russian Federation members divided into federal districts. The authors classify regions into clusters according to the level of higher education development in the region and the level of GRP. This clusterization allows them to formulate assumptions and conclusions regarding the reasons for the regions’ belonging to a specific cluster, as well as to discuss possible strategies for the development of higher education.
Is Doctoral Education A Priority? Doctoral Education Improvement as an Element of “Priority-2030” Universities’ Development Programs
Authors: Zhuchkova S. V. , Pavliuk D. M.
Published: July 2024

This study aims to identify how often universities of the “Priority 2030” program oﬀer measures for doctoral education improvement in their development programs, what these measures are, and how they correspond to the reasons for the low eﬀectiveness of Russian doctoral education. The empirical study data were the texts of the development programs of the universities participating in the “Priority 2030” program (N= 121). The texts were analyzed using quantitative content analysis. Four measure groups were determined: financial support and employment of doctoral students, development of partnerships, improving the quality of selection and training of doctoral students and improving the quality of supervision. According to the results obtained, in general, the absolute majority of universities use doctoral education as an instrument to achieve the goals set by the program. Measures related to financial support and employment of doctoral students are the most common in universities of the “Priority 2030” (almost 75 % of universities plan to implement such measures). Diversification of programs, cooperation with industry, and increasing the quality of training of doctoral students are found in university development programs with less prevalence – from 12 to 50 % of universities plan to implement these measures. Finally, less attention in university development programs is paid to modifying the criteria and procedures for selecting doctoral students and improving the quality of supervision – only 5 % of universities announced such measures. The article also provides examples of implementation of these measures in particular universities. The results of the conducted research can be useful to the heads of doctoral departments of Russian universities to develop local measures of doctoral education improvement.
The Role of State Support in the Development of Scientific-Industrial Cooperation
Authors: Kameneva E. G.
Published: July 2024

The knowledge and technology transfer between science and business, as well as the promotion of scientificindustrial cooperation, constitute one of the key directions of state innovation policy in most countries worldwide. However, among researchers, there is no consensus on the extent to which state support can enhance the resilience and eﬀectiveness of such interactions. This article examines the peculiarities of scientific-industrial cooperation development in Russia using the example of National Technology Initiative Competence Centers (NTI CCs), the establishment of which serves as one of the instruments of state policy for the development of “enabling” technologies. Based on a series of in-depth interviews with leaders and staﬀ of NTI CCs, it was revealed that the most significant challenges for recipients of state support are associated with complex grant competition procedures and high requirements for participants, inadequate duration of budgetary funding, as well as an increase in the level of administrative burden on researchers. In the current economic and political conditions, NTI CCs also face risks of equipment shortages, research materials, and highly qualified personnel, which may hinder further collaboration with industrial partners. Based on the obtained results, recommendations for improving support measures for NTI CCs have been formulated, which may be useful for representatives of government bodies responsible for the development and implementation of science and technology policy.