bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pilot Study on Removal and Recovery of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Human Urine by Crystallization of Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate
Authors: Liu Qiang , Tang Yu Lan , Fu Jing Xiang , Zhao Yu Hua , Wang Zhi
Published: June 2010

Laboratory-scale tests for removal and recovery of nitrogen and phosphorus in human urine were conducted by magnesium ammonium phosphate precipitation (MAP) method. Proper Na2HPO4•12H2O as a phosphorus source and MgCl2•6H2O as a magnesium source were added to adjust the ratio of Mg2+, NH4+and PO43-. The effects of initial pH, (Mg2+): n (NH4+), n (PO43-) : n (NH4+), temperature, reaction time and stirring speed on removal and recovery of nitrogen and phosphorus in urine were studied by MAP method. Results showed that the optimum experimental conditions were at room temperature, pH, the molar ratio of Mg2+：PO43-：NH4+, reaction time and stirring speed were set 10, 1.2:1:0.9, 30min and 100r/min.
Research on Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Baicalin from Scutellaria baicalensis Extractive Drug Residue
Authors: Yang Wei , Zhao Xiao Jing , Xu Li Li , Zheng Hui , Lu Jin Yu
Published: June 2010

Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) is first used to extract baicalin from Scutellaria baicalensis extractive drug residue to study the value of Scutellaria baicalensis extractive drug residue. The content of baicalin in the Scutellaria baiacalensis extractive drug residue was determined by UV. Effects of different granularity sizes of its extractive drug residue, different microwave output power, duration of microwave irradiation and different concentration of ethanol on yield of baicalin were discussed. The results indicated that the microwave power was 500w, granularity of Scutellaria baicalensis extractive drug residue was 0.25mm, 30% ethanol was as solvent, duration of microwave irradiation was 3min.The　yield of baicalin arrived 9~10%.The conclusion is that some active component such as Baicalin is still in Scutellaria baicalensis extractive drug residue, Scutellaria baicalensis extractive drug residue can be reused as resources again.
The Research Progress in Pretreatment Techniques of Self-Bonding Composites
Authors: Wang Yong Bo , Song Kun Lin , Zhang Shuang Bao
Published: June 2010

As methods of preparation, many technical such as degradation of lignocellulose materials, organic synthesis, the reinforcement of composites et al. have been introduced into self-bonding technology. According to different treatment, pretreatment methods have been divided into three categories: Physical method, chemical method and biological method. According to different mechanisms, each method is further classified. The types and action mechanism of pretreatment were summarized. Physical pretreatment usually have various degrees impact on the bonding strength but weak controllability, while chemical pretreatment have obvious effect on the bonding strength increased but serious pollution. Biological pretreatment is a promising but immature technology. By comparing the advantages and disadvantages of different methods, Feasibility of combined application of different methods is analyzed. Finally, the development foreground of pretreatment techniques in self-bonding composites is predicted based on the current research.
Fire Retardant Performance of FRW Treated Larch-Veneer Polymer Composite
Authors: Li Chun Feng , Liu Ming Li , Wang Qing Wen
Published: June 2010

To characterize the combustion behavior of wood-polymer composite (WPC), plain larch wood veneer (PLW), treated with or without fire-retardant FRW, was impregnated in the solution of monomer methyl methacrylate (MMA) and initiator azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN), then heat-cured by the protection of nitrogen gas, and then analyzed by a cone calorimeter using PLW as control. The results showed that the heat and smoke release of the composites with and without FRW increased with the increase of the polymer loading; that compared to PLW the time to ignition(TTI) prolonged, the distribution region of heat release rate(HRR) of WPC broadened, the total heat release(THR) increased and the smoke ratio(SR) increased; that the FRW treatment of PLW resulted in the significant fire retardation effects to the WPC, which caused decreases in the peak value of HRR, SR and THR.
Effect of Coupling Treatment and Nanoclay on Thermal Stability of Bamboo Flour-Filled High Density Polyethylene Composites
Authors: Han Guang Ping , Cheng Wan Li
Published: June 2010

Nanocomposites with high density polyethylene (HDPE)/nanoclay/bamboo flour were fabricated by melt compounding. Their thermal behaviors and degradation kinetics of the composites with different clay contents were characterized through dynamic and isothermal Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. It was found that the use of nanoclay improved the thermal stability of the composites. The nanolayers could act as a barrier for the degradation of HDPE/bamboo hybrids. The addition of compatibilizer also improved the thermal stability of HDPE/bamboo composites, but the effect was less significant than clay. It seems that there is no much difference in the thermal behaviors between HDPE/nanoclay/bamboo systems with and without the addition of compatibilizer. The activation energy values varied very little for different clay contents in the composites. Thermal decomposition process of HDPE/bamboo composites with various clay additions had similar TG curves.
Phosphorus Removal Efficiency of Different Media and Macrophyte in Constructed Wetland
Authors: Singh R.P. , Jiang Ying He , Wen Xiao Peng
Published: June 2010

Constructed wetlands are very useful for the removal of nutrients from treated municipal wastewater. Use of different kinds of media and macrophytes improves the efficiency of nutrient removal of constructed wetlands. Three different media (pulverized ash bricks, shale and gravel) and common reed (Phragmites spp.) were used for present research work. This macrophyte is a local weed and easily available. Uses of different media with macrophyte are very efficient for nutrient removal from treated municipal wastewater. Out of these three media used for present research pulverized fly ash bricks media was most efficient for removal of phosphorus in constructed wetland.
Value the Irrigation Water: A Case Study in Northwest China
Authors: Tang Zeng
Published: June 2010

As a non-market good, the value of irrigation water can be approximated by empirical investigations of farmers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for irrigation water. In this paper, a contingent valuation study on farmer WTP for irrigation water was conducted. With double-bounded bidding, an average WTP of 1021 RMB/ha/yr was found. The perceived value of water is falls short of the costs of irrigation water provisioning. This suggests that the use of irrigation water in Zhangye is not sustainable, and the price policy alone may not serve the purpose of efficient irrigation water management.
Study of Puffing Cell Walls
Authors: Qiu Jian , Gao Jean Ran , Kuo Mon Lin , Li Jian
Published: June 2010

Since wood is porous it also is a good heat and sound insulating material. Puffing the cell wall may lose certain level of mechanical properties but would increase its insulation properties. In this study, Trema orientalis wood was first treated with nitric acid aqueous solution to damage the S3 layer of cell walls, followed by puffing the cell wall inward with saturated urea and ZnCl2 solutions. Results indicated that treating Trema orientalis with 10% nitric acid at 100 oC for 20 minute damaged the S3 layer of cell walls, and the subsequent treatment with urea and ZnCl2 saturated solutions caused the fiber tracheid walls to swell up to 76%. Then, the swollen material was dried with critical CO2 fluid to obtain puffed wood. SEM examinations of nitric acid-treated samples showed that lignin were removed from the S3 layer surfaces and S3 mirofibrils were ruptured causing the entire secondary walls to swell inward.
Factor Analysis of Mining Waste Land Development Based on ISM
Authors: Zhu Chao Qiang , Wang Lin Xiu
Published: June 2010

The long-term exploitation of mineral resources, not only destroyed the natural landscape such as topography, but also triggered a series of ecological and social problems. This paper analyzed influencing factors and process of mining waste land development based on Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM), and found a structural model. The results told that the Government played an important role in mining waste land development. The government promotes the mining waste land development by influencing the environmental, economic and infrastructure, and makes the waste land fully reflects its economic, social and environmental values.
The Experiment Study of Nitrobenzene Polluted Groundwater by Catalytic Oxidation
Authors: Zou Dong Lei , Lu Zha Gen , Sui Zhen Yin , Zou Hao Chen , Sui Wei Qun
Published: June 2010

The catalytic ozonation which treated nitrobenzene in extracted groundwater with high concentration was studied.The experiment showed that the optimization of catalysts was that the manganese nitrate and iron nitrate were dissolved to dip the activated alumina in 10 percent of mass concentration, the ratio of manganese to iron was 2:1, the calcination temperature was 450°C with six hours. The catalyst was characterized by SEM-EDS too; Adsorption of catalyst, air stripping, increasing concentration, temperature and pH all had effect on this reaction system. When pH was 9,temperature was 25 °C and catalyst dosage was 30g/L, the removal rate of nitrobenzene could reach 68.8%.
Identification of One Polysaccharide Gene and Analysis of Differentially Expressed Proteins from Bioflocculant Producing Strain of F2
Authors: Yu Bing , Ma Fang , Qi Pei Shi , Li Ang , Wang Li Li
Published: June 2010

F2 is one of two compound bioflocculant producing strains with good genetic stability and high flocculating activity. The core sequence of exoL was amplified from the F2 genome by the method of polymerase chain reaction, identifying that the effective polysaccharide component of bioflocculant produced by F2 was succinoglycan. The changes of protein complexes of F2 grown in minimal media versus bioflocculant media were researched by SDS-PAGE, indicating that in bioflocculant media compared with minimal media, the relative content of two protein complexes were obviously increased and the relative content of one protein complexes was obviously decreased in gels. It was three differentially expressed protein complexes that can probably induce the production of large amount of the effective polysaccharide component of bioflocculant produced by F2. The research can provide a step to reveal the molecular flocculating mechanisms of compound bioflocculant producing strains.
Relationship Analysis between the Response to Participate in Eco-Compensation and Livelihood Assets: A HeiHe River Basin Example
Authors: Su Fang , Shang Hai Yang
Published: June 2010

For a long time, these are deeply entrenched in people’s thinking and the institutions or policies of economic activities that the resources are unlimited and the environment exists priceless. Environmentally augmented household livelihood assets were collected from 300 sample households within the HeiHe River Basin. Results show that physical assets possess a maximum value (0.609) and natural assets possess relatively low values (0.241). The human capital, natural capital, physical capital, financial capital and social capital are all important factors to influence the responses. An increment of one unit should reduce the occurrence to participate in ecological compensation for natural capital. Therefore, the local governments should actively introduce the relevant supporting measures in order to provide more non-agricultural employment opportunities for farmers.
Effectiveness of Shaanbei Loess on Treatment of Wastewaters from Coal Mine
Authors: Li Yun Feng , Wan Wei Feng , Wu Yao Guo , Xu Yan Juan , Ren Jin Lai , Zhang Yuan , Zhang Mao Sheng
Published: June 2010

Untreated disposal of coal mine wastewaters from Shanbei loess have environmental and public health concerns in the developing Shanbei Loess Plateau, Northwest China. An in-situ experiment was conducted in the easily accessible loess to study their efficiency in removal of pollutants. Approximately 565L of wastewater was used in the test, which lasted 333min. Loess samples were collected at 5 discrete depths, 0.2m, 0.4m, 0.6m, 1m, and 1.5m from the surface before, at the end of, and 20 days after the infiltration test. Pollutants commonly found in wastewaters were analyzed for all the loess samples. The test indicates the loess is more effective for Cd and Pb.
Research on the Recycling of Valuable Metals from Waste Printed Circuit Boards by Eddy Current Separation
Authors: He Jing Feng , He Ya Qun , Ge Wen Sheng , Duan Chen Long , Wu Xiao Bing
Published: June 2010

On the basis of introducing the latest research status of processing methods of waste printed circuit boards, the physical mechanism of eddy current separation was explained, and the component configuration of eddy current separator was described. A series of single-factor and orthogonal experiments were carried out to prove the separation effect of multiple metals with eddy current separator. The result indicates that the separation efficiency of above 92.0% and concentrate grade of above 95.0% can be obtained in the recycling of aluminum and brass with the delivery rate of 20~40%, rotate speed of rotor of 5~15Hz and belt speed of 7~9Hz.
Studies on Factors Affecting the Interfacial Tension of Oil-Water
Authors: Feng Xue Dong , Ma Yan Fei
Published: June 2010

The IFT has been investigated for an interfacially reactive immiscible system composed of oil and water. Ring tensiometry was employed to measure the IFT between the two phases. The results show that the IFT decreases at a linear rate with respect to temperature and the binomial equation can express the reducing trend of the IFT with contact time. The oil-water IFT presents a reduction at both high and low pH. The IFT of diesel engine oil-water and diesel oil-water reach lowest values under acidic and alkaline condition respectively. The IFT of diesel oil-water decreases by 19.2% and the IFT of diesel engine oil-water descends by 11.2% when the concentration of calcium chloride in aqueous solution is 0.2mol/L.
Extraction and Isolation of 7S and 11S from Low-Temperature Defatted Soybean Draff
Authors: Shi Yan Guo , Yang Chun Hua , Yiu Ying , Zhang Yi Fang , Sun Bing Yu , Hu Chun Lin
Published: June 2010

A semi-works production method which the extraction and isolation of 7S and 11S was improved. The method of isoelectric point and cooling precipitation was developed for extraction and isolation of 7S and 11S fractions from low-temperature defatted soybean draff, based on the indices of the extraction yield which was determined by the Kjeldahl method and purity which was determined by SDS-PAGE. Compared the optimum parameters of five kinds of extraction methods that phosphate buffer’s effect is better than others, its extraction yield is 89.55%. The optimal isolation parameters of 7S are as follows: pH 4.7, sedimentation time 1h, the stirring rate of acid 40r/min, its purity and yield are 73.25% and 50.6% respectively. The optimal isolation parameters of 11S are as follows: pH 6.2, cooling precipitation 12h, temperature 4°C, the stirring rate of acid 30r/min, its purity and yield were 76.37% and 41.2% respectively. With the improvements, the extraction yield of 11S and 7S fractions were significantly increased. They may be widely used as a source of highly functional soybean protein in more food products.
Synthesis of Ionic Liquid and its Application in Duabanga Grandiflora Wood Powder as Green Solvent
Authors: Chen Cheng , Li Jian
Published: June 2010

In this paper, a kind of imidazolium ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium chloride ( [BMIM]Cl) was synthesized, and the chemical structures of the ionic liquids were characterizaed by FT-IR and NMR. The solubilities of the ionic liquid for duabanga grandiflora powder activated with different modified conditions were studied respectively. Dissolution rate of wood pretreated with about 25% NaOH solution was the best , due to the reduction of the hydrogen bond applied force. The chemical structure and crystal behavior of duabanga grandiflorar powder before and after dissolution were analyzed by FT-IR and XRD, respectively. The dissolution mechanism has also been discussed. The results showed that the ionic liquids had a good solubility for cellulose in activated duabanga grandiflorar powder. Micrographs of the original wood powder，regenerated wood powder and the residua were quite different from each others. The regenerated wood appeared some micro voids special construction.
Effect of pH on Pretreatment of Sulfate-Laden Wastewater for Mixotrophic Desulfurization-Denitrification Process
Authors: Li Wei , Liang Xiao , Lin Jian Guo
Published: June 2010

An anaerobic attached-growth bioreactor was set up to treat wastewater rich in sulfate and organic carbon. It was the pretreatment of mixotrophic desulfurization-denitrification process. With pH decreasing from 8 to 7, the sulfate removal rate and oxidation reduction potential increased, while sulfide generating rate and effluent pH decreased. When pH value was maintained at 7.5, the removal rates of sulfate and organic carbon reached 91.5% and 90.5%, respectively. Meantime, the generating rate of sulfide reached 47.8%, which was beneficial to the subsequent treatment and to the thorough removal of sulfurous compounds. The results showed that the suitable influent pH in sulfate reduction stage for the pretreatment of desulfurization-denitrification process was 7.5.
La-Ce-Y-W Cathodes Application for High Temperature Electrostatic Precipitator
Authors: Gu Zhong Zhu , Yang Jian Can , Xi Xiao Li , Nie Zuo Ren , Xu Jin Jin
Published: June 2010

La-Y-Ce-W cathode was prepared by powder metallurgy. XRD, OM, SEM and EDS were applied to analyze the microstructure of the material. La, Ce and Y concentrate on the tungstate particles and exist as Rare Earth (RE) tungstate. The average diameter of the particles is about 30µm. The electron emission properties were measured with self-designed electron emitter surveyor. Its effective work function was 2.76eV at 1300°C. The precipitation efficiency of an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) installed with the cathode was investigated in a certain flue gas condition. It was found that it can trap over 95% dust particles with diameter bigger than 1µm. As to dust particles with diameter smaller than 0.1µm, the efficiency is lower than 85%. Increasing collection voltages showed greater positive effects on the precipitation efficiency of smaller particles than that of larger particles.
Mesophilic and Thermophilic Digestion of Thickened Waste Activated Sludge: A Comparative Study
Authors: Chi Yong Zhi , Li Yu You , Ji Min , Qiang Hong , Deng Heng Wei , Wu Ya Peng
Published: June 2010

This paper presents an experimental study over 204 days on anaerobic degradation of thickened waste activated sludge (TWAS) from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The experiments were conducted under thermophilic (55°C) and mesophilic (35°C) condition, respectively, by using the semi-continuous flow completely mixed reactors. The influent total solids (TS), hydraulic retention time (HRT) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) loading levels were around 4%, 30 days and 1.67 kg-CODCr•m-3•d-1 , respectively. During the opration period, the thermophilic anaerobic digestion process (TADP) and the mesophilic anaerobic digestion process (MADP) were stable and well-functioned without ammonia inhibition. Particulate organic matters reduction of TADP was superior to that of MADP. This result implies that TADP has higher sludge reduction efficiency than MADP. According to the simulated chemical formula of TWAS, C5.85H9.75O3.96N, and the stoichiometric equation, the methane content and the ammonia yield in the anaerobic process could be calculated, which were consistent with the experimental results. The methane yield of TADP was a little higher than that of MADP. The statistical mean values of methane content for TADP and MADP were 60.97% and 62.38%, respectively.According to paired t-test, there was a significant difference in methane content between TADP and MADP(α=0.01, n=62). Compared with the mesophilic digested sludge, the dewaterability of thermophilic digested sludge was lower.
Use of Combined NaOH-Microwave Pretreatment for Enhancing Mesophilic Anaerobic Digestibility of Thickened Waste Activated Sludge
Authors: Chi Yong Zhi , Li Yu You , Ji Min , Qiang Hong , Deng Heng Wei , Wu Ya Peng
Published: June 2010

A combined NaOH-microwave (MW) pretreatment process was studied in order to investigate the effects of NaOH-MW pretreated thickened waste activated sludge (TWAS) on anaerobic digestion. In the NaOH-MW pretreatment studies, Uniform design was successfully applied to determine the relationship of TWAS solubilization to environmental conditions (NaOH dose, target temperature, and MW holding time) and to establish the mathematical model describing the solubilization degree to changes in these variables. The maximum solubilization ratio (85.1%) of volatile suspended solids (VSS) could be achieved at 210°C with 0.2 g-NaOH/g-SS and 35 min holding time. The biochemical methane potential (BMP) tests showed that all digesters fed with pretreated TWAS improved the methane production compared to control system, and the optimal conditions, at 170°C with 0.05 g-NaOH/g-SS and 1 min holding time, were suggested for NaOH-MW pretreatment of TWAS. In spite of the increase in the soluble chemical oxygen demand concentration and decrease in the dewaterability of digested sludge, the semi-continuous reacter fed with the pretreated TWAS without neutralization was stable and gave higher organics reductions and methane yields compared to the control.
Application of a Hybrid Process with Biofilm and Suspended Biomass for Treating Petrochemical Wastewater
Authors: Guo Jing Bo , Ma Fang , Chang Chein Chi , Wei Li
Published: June 2010

To improve the efficiency of petrochemical wastewater treatment, a hybrid system with both attached and suspended biomass was proposed to replace the existing biofilm process. According to the performances of the hybrid system, the optimal suspended biomass concentration in the tank was determined around 1000 mg/L. When the average influent COD and NH4+-N concentration were 395.7 mg/L and 13.5 mg/L, the according removal efficiencies of the hybrid system were up to 84% and 69%, compared to 74% and 20% when operated with the biofilm system. The GC-MS analysis showed that both the amounts and types of refractory organics in the effluent of hybrid system were greatly reduced when compared with those of the previous biofilm process. The foaming problem was also resolved along with the enhanced pollutants removal efficiency. The hybrid process was an economic and feasible alternative for petrochemical wastewater treatment, which ensured carbonaceous oxidation, nitrification and decomposition of refractory substances.
Response Surface Optimization for Disinfection of Copepod with Chloramines
Authors: Lin Tao , Chen Wei
Published: June 2010

The bench-scale experiments were investigated to optimize chloramines disinfection for Copepod removal by response surface methodology (RSM). Independent variables were chloramines dosage, exposure time and organic matter concentrations. The results showed that the body surface structure provided Copepod with strong protection against disinfection. The independent variables of dosage and exposure time significantly influenced the disinfection rate of Copepod. The disinfection rate was remarkably increased with the increasing chloramines dosage and exposure time. Organic matter concentrations had a less influence on Copepod inactivation. The ANOVA (analysis of variance) data showed that the F-value of 79.99 implied the model significance and the P-value less than 0.0001 indicated its good fit to use in the matrix. The polynomial equation was established by the model coefficient with R2 value of 0.9863. The evaluation proved that the model had a suitable predication for the actual application in waterworks.
Experimental Study on Shear Behavior of Short-Fill-Age MSW
Authors: Ma Li Sha , Wang Huan Li , Wang Wei , Zhang Zheng Wen
Published: June 2010

Mechanical behavior of municipal solid waste (MSW) is important to geo-environment engineering, and it is necessary to properly understand it. Laboratory direct shear tests were conducted on MSW with 3 short fill ages, namely 1d, 4d and 7d. Three different densities were taken into accounted in each fill age. Experimental data show that MSW’s shear failure still satisfies the Mohr-Coulomb criterion. As to bigger density, shear strength of MSW increases within 1-7d fill age. When density becomes smaller, its shear strength increases within 1-4d fill age but decreases within 4-7d fill age. With fill-age developing, friction angle of MSW increase monotonously, but cohesion force of it first increases and then decreases. Experimented shear stress-displacement curve of MSW can not be well fitted by either hyperbolic model or exponential model. This experimental research is helpful for design and numerical simulation of corresponding MSW landfill.
Recycling of Abandoned Aspen Products Furniture
Authors: Chen Jian Ming , Guo Ming Hui , Liu Xue
Published: June 2010

Abandoned Aspen products have become one of the major solid wastes in China. This Paper discusses the recycling design of wooden Aspen products by employing advanced technology and mature processing methods. It will contribute to the establishment of a wood-saving industry in China.
Productions Diversity of Agriculture Solidwastes Biodegraded
Authors: Huang Jian , Liu Chang Li , Wei Li , Zhang Jie
Published: June 2010

In order to investigate the rice straw lost weight, degradation products and changes of microbial communities in agriculture solid waste degradation course. The normal temperature microbial community could decompose 40% of rice straw gross weight within six days. Propionic acid, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, 4-Amino-1-butanol, butanoic acid, diethoxydimethyl-silane, lactic acid, ethanol-2,2'-oxybis-, diethyl phthalate and glycerin ten kinds compounds detected by GC-MS in the fermented broth. Degradation products changed lots in different fermented period. For analyzing the diversity of the microbial communities, Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) were used to identify the composition diversity. Phylogenetic tree derived from 16S rDNA sequence indicated the microbial community have abundant diversity.
Research on Physical and Mechanical Performance and Formaldehyde Adsorption Characteristics of Self-Adsorption Fiber Board
Authors: Jia Na , Liu Chang
Published: June 2010

The composite element method（CEM） is utilized to mix wood fiber and activated carbon into the self-adsorption fiber board under certain process condition. The density, bending strength, elastic modulus, internal bond strength and water absorption are tested under the same condition, at the same time, the formaldehyde emission rate is measured with desiccator method. The result shows that all the mechanical properties of self-adsorption fiber board are a bit higher than that of ordinary fiber board. The effect of formaldehyde self-absorption is highly related to the amount of added activated carbon instead of the form. Under the test condition, the emission of formaldehyde of the self-adsorption fiber board added with 10% activated carbon grain can be reduced by 35%. Further more, it is easier for the self-adsorption fiber board added with powder activated carbon to obtain even physical and mechanical performance and absorption effect.
Detect Nitrite in Sauerkraut with Chemiluminescence
Authors: Li Jian , Li Chen Chen , Zhang Ruo Nan , Liu Ning
Published: June 2010

Due to an enhancement effect of Lumino-KBrO3 chemiluminescence system induced by nitrite, nitrite in sauerkraut was determined using chemiluminescence method. The effects of reaction substance concentrations, acidity, and interfering ions on chemiluminescence system were investigated to explore the optimal conditions for nitrite determination. Results revealed that the optimal reaction conditions of chemiluminescence were 0.05MH2SO4, 0.06MKBrO3, 1.50×10-4MLuminol and 0.25MNaOH in the chemiluminescence system. The detection limit (S/N=3)for NO2-was 8×10-11g/mL and an excellent linear relationship was exhibited in the range of 0.001－10mg/L. Eleven replicate determinations for nitrite in sauerkraut at 1.00mg/kg exhibited an average recovery rate of 101.00% and a relative standard deviation of 2.90%. Therefore, it revealed that the method not only possessed high sensitive and selective characteristics, but also possessed rapid, simple and convenient characteristics, compared with traditional methods.
Study on the Military Environmental Information Management with GIS
Authors: Ding Jian , Wu Ke Hong , Ding Zhi Bing
Published: June 2010

The application of GIS technology to Military Environmental Information(MEI) management will play a vital role in MEI management, and can lead to better decision-making. This paper discusses both the management method and the application fields. Case studies, like information management, pollution coverage evaluating, military transportation planning and monitoring, and decision-making supporting, are presented in this paper. Detailed digital basemap database, Digital Elevation Model(DEM) data, Digital OrthoImage Model(DOM) data, image database of Remote Sensing, Social economic element database, and other informations related to military features, can be integrated into MEI GIS, and will meet the needs for later query and statistics. Spatial analysis is the bridge that links fundamental data models to GIS technology. While buffer analysis can be used for identifying the locations of hazardous chemical storage sites in relation to residents living area, and can facilitate the evaluation of the threatened area in the event of a leak or spill of hazardous materials. Network analysis can be used in military transportation planning and monitoring. GIS is particularly useful in providing composite visual representation of fairly complex underlying model calculations, analysts can draw implicit and important conclusion from the already known geographical data. The study shows that the management of MEI using GIS technology is reasonable and feasible, and GIS is a highly efficient tool in MEI management.
Sustainable Strategies and Status of Unconventional Water Resources Development and Utilization in Manas River Basin
Authors: Wang Zhen Hua , He Xin Lin , Yang Guang , Li Sha
Published: June 2010

Because of the Lack of water resources and the increasing water quantity used in living and production, the water resources are becoming the restrictive factor of regional economic and social development in in Manas river basin. The exploitation and utilization of conventional water resources has reached more than 95% in the basin,it caused great attention that the development and utilization of non-conventional water resources for agricultural development and ecological environment construction. At present, the exploitation and utilization of the non-conventional water resources(shallow underground salt water，saline water) for agriculture and forestry has become more and more widespread and in-depth. because of the lack of scientific instruction and reasonable exploitation, which not only caused water level falling, leading to degradation of the brittle natural entironment, but also caused SBHCSS and the decline in productivity. With the analysis of the non-conventional water resources actual exploitation and utilization, under the scientific development concept, the aryicle puts forward the sustained strategies of non-conventional underground water resources (salt water, saline water) reasonable exploitation and the irrigation return flow reuse efficient exploitation which is used for ecological restoration and reconstruction.
Regional Characteristics on Green Building and the Development of Assessment System in China
Authors: Li Chang Hong
Published: June 2010

Green building increases the efficiency and reduces impacts on the environment, which may resolve serious resource and environmental problems in China that is the largest construction market in the world. This paper analyzed the unbalanced regional characteristics of green building in China. Taking the only platinum score as example, the method of how to get the green building criteria is debated. This paper suggests that analyzing the regional characteristics of the building and adjusted weights of regional factors to establish scientific green building assessment system with local characteristics is needed to be considered urgently.
Research on the Membrane Fouling Characters in the Photocatalysis-Membrane Reactor
Authors: Yan Xiao Ju , Bao Rui Ling , Jing Qing Feng , Yang Xu
Published: June 2010

The membrane fouling characters in the Photocatalysis-Membrane Reactor (PMR) were studied by the SEM analyzing, and compared with the membrane fouling characters in the direct microfiltration reactor. The experiments results indicate that the photocatalysis process can alleviate the membrane fouling in comparison with the direct microfiltration process. The membrane pressure is 0.007Mpa in the PMR after 75h reaction, which is 0.014Mpa in the direct microfiltration reactor. The fouling layer on the membrane surface in the PMR is formed by the TiO2 particles, which has loose layer structure and low surface roughness.
Bio-Ethanol Lignin Waste/HDPE Composites: Preparation and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Liu Tian , Wang Qing Wen
Published: June 2010

The effective utilization of lignin waste has been a main concern in the bio-ethanol industry which uses straw and stalks as feedstock. In this study the lignin waste was incorporated into high density polyethylene (HDPE) to make composites by extruded pellet fabrication and thermoform process. With the increasing of the lignin content from 55% to 75%, the static flexural strength of the resulting composites was hardly influenced, but the tensile strength decreased 42%. Even though it was, the mechanical properties of lignin/HDPE composites were superior to those of traditional medium density fiberboard (MDF). Scanning electron microscopy showed that addition of 4% MAPE promoted the interfacial bonding between lignin and HDPE. Therefore, the macro performance also shows an improvement to mechanical properties.
Rapid Start-Up of Ethanol-Type Fermentation in Biological Hydrogen Production Reactor from Molasses Wastewater
Authors: Yue Li Ran , Li Yong Feng , Han Wei , Xu Jing Li , Chen Hong , Yang Chuan Ping
Published: June 2010

Research on anaerobic fermentation biohydrogen production from molasses wastewater in a continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) was conducted. Emphasis was focused on the rapid start-up of ethanol-type fermentation in biological hydrogen production reactor. It was found that an initial biomass of 17.71 g/L, temperature of 35°C±1°C, hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 6 h, the reactor could start-up the ethanol-type fermentation at the range of 2000-4000 mg/L and at pH from 3.23 to 4.39 in 12 days with COD (chemical oxygen demand), respectively. The content of hydrogen was 45.77% in the fermentation biogas and the COD removal was 8%. As the hydrogen production system experienced low pH (3.23-4.0), the ethanol-produce bacterial can resume easier compared with other fermentation bacteria which are difficult to restore. In addition, when the pH value ranged from 4.0 to 4.63, the hydrogen production increased with the content of ethanol in liquid fermentation products increased. However, it was detected that the yield of hydrogen decreased with a high content of ethanol in the pH value ranged from 3.23 to 4.0, which demonstrated pH value played the most important role on hydrogen production within low pH.
Synthesis, Characterization, Evaluation of Potassium Tertatitanium Whisker Surface Ni(II) Ion-Imprinted Polymers and Selective Adsorption of Nickel
Authors: Xu Wan Zhen , Xu Ping Ping , Zhou Wei , Yan Yong Sheng
Published: June 2010

Ni(II) ion-imprinted polymers(Ni(II)-IIPs) was synthesis by the method of surface ion-imprinting in combination with sol-gel process, and prepared by the Ni(II) as template ion, Chitosan(CTS) as functional monomer, γ-Glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane (KH560) as linking agent, potassium tertatitanium whisker as carrier. After removing Ni(II) ion from the polymer, Ni(II)-IIPs capable of selectively rebinding Ni(II) ion were obtained. The prepared material was characterized by using the infrared spectra (IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A batch of adsorption experiments were performed to evaluate its adsorption behavior of Ni(II) using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The effect of solution pH, sorbent amount on the extraction of Ni(II) from aqueous solutions were studied. The maximum adsorption capacity of Ni(II) on polymer beads was about 33.1 mg•g−1. The Ni(II)-IIPs have a greater affinity for Ni(II) with respect to Cd(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Hg(II), Mg(II), Mn(II), Zn(II) and Pb(II) ions. Ni(II)-IIPs enabled the selective extraction of Ni(II) from a complex matrix. The prepared functional polymer was shown to be promising for selective pre-separation and enrichment of trace Ni(II) in environmental samples.
Operational Conditions and Improvement Methods of Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants under Low Temperatures in Northern China
Authors: Jiang Ben Chao , Ma Fang , Wei Li , Guo Jing Bo , Li Ang
Published: June 2010

The minimum temperature in winter is under -30oC in the northern hilly regions. It is harmful for the municipal wastewater treatment in winter. According to previous reports, the effects caused by the low-temperature in municipal wastewater treatment plant are summarized, and improvements are put forward. Improving the efficiencies of municipal wastewater treatment is essential and significant in the northern hilly regions.
A Survey of Current Drinking Water Supply for Shanghai
Authors: Song Jia Xiu , An Dong , Anderson Bruce
Published: June 2010

Water quality has deteriorated in recent years in Shanghai, China. More species of hazardous organic contaminant have been discovered. In developed area such as Shanghai, water pollution is more and more severe. Water quality of rivers in Shanghai territory falls into category Ⅲ~IV, which does not meet drinking water source standard. Huangpu River, the mother river of shanghai native, which provides nearly 80% of the water supply for downtown Shanghai, is facing imminent severe water pollution problem.
Action Mechanism of High-Shear Fiber Kneader Treatment on the Aspen BCTMP Fiber Morphology
Authors: Hong Yi Mei , Hou Qing Xi , Xie Hui Ping
Published: June 2010

The fiber morphology of aspen BCTMP treated by the high-shear fiber kneader was investigated in this paper. The main process parameters were measured including: rotational speed of screw, pulp consistency of entrance and exit, pressure and temperature of pulp. The results showed that the main action of high-shear fiber kneader on fibers was promoted the relative displacement of exterior and interior fibers, rather than the cutting fibers. After the treatment by the high-shear fiber kneader under high consistency pulp, the shives could be reduced by 95%. The fiber morphology was obviously different from the control samples. With the exit pressure of high-shear fiber kneader increased, the fiber length, fiber width and fiber coarseness decreased, but the index of curl and kink increased.
The Optimal Preparation of Scale Inhibitor Polyaspartic Acid
Authors: Jing Guo Lin , Tang Shan , Li Shu Lin , Xing Li Jie , Kong Ling Rong
Published: June 2010

Polyaspartic acid (PASP) was prepared by the means of polymerizing maleic anhydride and ammonia solution. In order to find optimal condition of synthesizing PASP, we made a set of experiments on proportion of material, temperature and time of polymerization in the single condition, and compared PASP with other scale inhibitors about the performance of scale inhibition and biodegradation. The results show: the optimal proportion of material is 1:1.1, the temperature of polymerization is 160°C, and the time of polymerization is 1h. Under above condition, we synthetized the PASP its inhibiting efficiency can reach over 95%, and biodegradation rate reaches 70%.
Effect of Copper (II) on the Characteristics of Aerobic Granules
Authors: Zheng Xiao Ying , Chen Wei , Zhu Ning Wei , Wang Yong Cai , Wu Di
Published: June 2010

Aerobic granules were cultivated successively in column sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with the glucose as carbon source. The effect of copper (II) on the characteristics of aerobic granules was studied. Results showed that the physical, morphology and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of aerobic granules were influenced in different degree under different concentrations of copper (II) in sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The appropriate Cu2+ can be adsorbed by the microorganisms in aerobic granules under the functions of chelation and displacement of heavy metals. Under the Cu2+ concentration of 0.5～3.0mg/L, the stable MLSS and better settleable granules with higher S.G. and lower SVI can been attained in the reactors. The sludge can maintain the granules in stable till the Cu2+ concentration increases to 20.0mg/L. The ratios of EPSC/EPN distribute in 6.60～7.01 steadily under the Cu2+ concentration of 0.5～10.0mg/L.However, excess Cu2+ can destroy the metabolism balance of the microorganisms and the protein synthesization and genetic information transportation are baffled. When the Cu2+ concentration increase to 50mg/L, more filamentous appears in the granules and the compact granules change to in disperse. The ratios of EPSC/EPN evidently rise to 7.59 and 7.46 respectively under high Cu2+ concentration of 20.0mg/L and 50.0mg/L. It suggests that the microorganisms try to excreting more EPS and protecting itself from the environmental change.
Microwave Assisted Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Corn Stalks for L-Lactic Acid Production
Authors: Yang Xue Xin , Fang Gui Zhen
Published: June 2010

Glucose production from pretreated corn stalks by cellulose enzymatic hydrolysis with cellulase was investigated and compared with no pretreatment, as a reference. The corn stalks were pretreated with microwave, sulfuric acid hydrolysis and dilute sodium hydroxide solution hydrolysis respectively. The enzymatic hydrolysis experiments were carried out at 50°C, 50 g/l dry matter (DM) solid substrate concentration and 15 filter paper unit (IU)/g DM of a commercial cellulase. Fermentable sugar was able to be produced from all the pretreated corn stalks with an overall yield of 29-58% of the maximum theoretical yield, based on the glucan available in the solid and liquid substrate. The corn stalks pretreated with dilute acid had the best glucose yield as 58.09% followed by the corn stalks pretreated with acid and microwave with an overall yield of 57.02% with 15 IU/g DM of cellulase. Glucose was the main product with enzymatic hydrolysis yield ratio 38.89%in the dilute sulfuric acid pretreated corn stalks, while with enzymatic hydrolysis yield ratio 51.07%in the dilute sodium hydroxide solution and microwave pretreated corn stalks under enzymatic hydrolysis conditions. These advantages, along with their negative price, make these solids a valuable raw material for L-lactic acid production.
Research on Liberation Mechanism of the Impact Crushing Waste Printed Circuit Board
Authors: Duan Chen Long , Zhao Yue Min , He Jing Feng , Zhou Nian Xin
Published: June 2010

The reutilization of waste Printed Circuit Boards (PCB) is a focused topic in the field of environment protection and resource recycling, and the crushing is the crucial process for recycling waste PCB. A hamper impacting crusher was used to achieve metals crushing liberation from non-metals, the liberation mechanism of PCB can be explained by dispersion liberation accompanied disengaging liberation. The Rosin-Rammler distribution model of crushed PCB particle was put forward. The evaluation indexes show that Rosin-Rammler function can accurately describe size distribution of PCB particles because the convergence property R2 is 0.99694 and fitting error E is 4.80658. The selective crushing is appearance with metals concentrated in coarser fraction and non-metals in finer size during comminution processing. The impact crushing is an effective method to metals liberation of PCB particles.
The Removal Effect on Chironomus kiiensis larvae and Mutagenicity in Urban Water Source with Chlorine Dioxie
Authors: Sun Xing Bin , Cui Fu Yi , Hou Zhao Chao , Meng Lin
Published: June 2010

Chironomus kiiensis larvae which cannot be exterminated by conventional disinfection process propagates prolifically in eutrophic water body, and it therefore turns to be a potential problem encountered in drinking water quality. In order to tackle this problem, a pilot-scale study of removal effect on Chironomus kiiensis larvae with chlorine dioxide in a waterworks is performed. The experiment results showed that Chironomus kiiensis larvae can be effectively removed from water by 0.55 mg/L chlorine dioxide pre-oxidation combined with the conventional drinking water treatment process. Higher oxidizability and molecular state of chlorine dioxide in water is the key to the inactivation of Chironomus kiiensis larvae. The chlorite, disinfection by-products (DBPs) of chlorine dioxide, is stable at 0.217 mg/L, which is lower than that critical value of the WHO. Ames test revealed that the mutagenicity was reduced by chlorine dioxide with respect to prechlorine. The propagation of Chironomus kiiensis larvae can be inactivated effectively and safely by chlorine dioxide pre-oxidation.
Integrated Evaluation PPC Model of Agricultural Circular Economy in the Perspective of Ecological Restoration
Authors: Zhai Xu Jun , Shang Jie
Published: June 2010

To solve the obscure and vague problem in present agricultural circular economy evaluation, in this paper we from the perspective of ecological restoration adopt PPC model directly driven by sample data to make the objective evaluation. We choose 17 evaluation indicators in 3 types to compute the affecting factors of agricultural circular economy in 31 provinces and cities in 2007 and make sorting and classification for optimal projection direction and optimal projection value . The research result can provide differentiated agricultural circular economy strategy with theoretical base and supply the integrated evaluation of agricultural circular economy with new method and has practical promotion value.
The Application of Fractal Theory in Wood Science Research
Authors: Wang Feng Hu , Zhen Meng Ying , Sun Jian Ping , Zhu Xiao Dong
Published: June 2010

This article introduces the fractal theory and its applications in wood fracture、wood texture、wood drying 、wood defect nondestructive detecting and other fields in wood science researching, among which many researching results are characterised by fractal dimension. While the methods in other fields which fractal were used in their researches were refered , the writer attempts to apply them in wood science researches.At last the new viewpoints and its applications were proposed.