bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the effect and mechanism of mesenchymal stem cell exosome-derived miR-320a regulating TGF-β1/Smads pathway in mice with premature ovarian insufficiency
Authors: Li Rongxia , Liu Xueping , Liang Xiao , Tang Siling , Xi Hongyan , Xiu Zi , Zhang Xinmiao , Wu Zhongyu , Duan Yancang
Published: March 2024

Introduction: exosomes, natural nanoscale particles released by various cells, particularly Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs), have gained attention for their therapeutic potential. MSC-exosomes, combining exosome benefits with MSC attributes, show promise in treating diverse conditions, including wound healing, neurological diseases, and cardiovascular issues. The Smad proteins, crucial in TGF-β superfamily signaling, play a key role in ovarian processes and germ line formation, with BMPs influencing primordial germ cell development. The intricate communication between TGF-β ligands, such as activins and inhibins, regulates folliculogenesis stages.Aims and objective: The study aims to examine how miR-320a, produced from mesenchymal stem cell exosomes, regulates the TGF-β1/Smads pathway in mice with “premature ovarian insufficiency (POI)”.Method Protocols established for the care and use of animals were adhered to. The Shanghai Laboratory Animal Research Center's mice were kept in a sterile setting. After inducing wounds on the skin, uMSC-Exo was administered in hydrogel to the area. Ultracentrifugation was used to separate exosomes from cell suspension media. Cell cycle and protein markers were analysed using flow cytometry. Both in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence were performed.Result Figs. 1 to 5 exhibit wound diameter dynamics over time for Mock, uMSC, and HEK293T groups. All groups have a reduction in wound size (y-axis, centimetres) as healing progresses, but the uMSC-treated group shows the greatest reduction. Particle size and intensity statistics are shown on the right side of each figure; these may provide light on wound healing mechanisms and highlight the therapeutic potential of uMSC treatment. The study found that uMSC-Exo led to significant downregulation, while Antago-uMSC-Exo, an antagonist-treated group, exhibited upregulation, suggesting a reversal of inhibitory effects. The SMAD2 reporter analysis indicates that modified uMSC-Exo treatment decreases SMAD2-binding luciferase levels, with a statistically significant reduction in uMSC-Exo. Antago-uMSC-Exo shows an increase, though not statistically significant.Conclusion This research reveals the distinct microRNAs in uMSC-Exos that suppress scar formation via exosome-mediated intercellular transfer, providing a fresh strategy for enhanced wound healing and regenerative medicine.
Exploring the Role of Institutional Quality in the Crowding-out Effect of Military Expenditure on Health Expenditure and Outcomes in Africa
Authors: Badmus Jamiu Olamilekan , Raifu Isiaka Akande , Opeloyeru Olaide Sekinat
Published: March 2024

This study revisits the long-standing debate on the guns-versus-butter phenomenon that spending on military activity crowds out non-military expenditure. By focusing on Africa, we argue that the crowding-out effect of military expenditure on health expenditure extends beyond government health expenditure but also private and out-of-pocket health expenditure and health outcomes. The empirical analysis based on the dynamic two-step system generalized method of moments reveals that modelling the crowding-out effect of military expenditure on health outcomes by omitting institutional quality measures biased the estimates. After the inclusion, there is evidence of the crowding-out effect of military expenditure, which causes government health expenditure to decline by 0.040% and both private and out-of-pocket health expenditure to increase by 0.001% and 0.030%, respectively. The effect of military expenditure on health outcomes exerts an increase in infant mortality by 0.008% but a reduction of 0.007% and 0.089% on life expectancy and maternal mortality rates in Africa. Also, we find that the inclusion of an interaction term of military expenditure and institutional quality only reverses the crowding-out effect on government health expenditure and not on private and out-of-pocket health expenditure in Africa. Similarly, for health outcomes, the favorable effect of the interaction term is only evident for increased life expectancy and reduced maternal mortality rates. We offer policy recommendations to improve fiscal spending on the health sector in Africa as a paramount measure to improve human capital development and provide areas for further empirical contributions.
A participatory arts program to support the well-being and psychosocial adjustment of adolescents and young adults living with mental health issues: investigating factors associated with differential change following participation
Authors: Archambault Kim , Guilbault Sophie , Sanchez Isabelle , Pelissier Albane , Drapeau-Lamothe Meghan , Garel Patricia
Published: March 2024

Growing evidence suggests that participatory arts programs (PAPs) may represent acceptable and promising avenues to help limit the impacts of mental disorders on the psychosocial functioning and developmental trajectories of young people. In this naturalistic evaluation study, we measured the subjective well-being, global self-esteem, and perceived social functioning of 171 adolescents and young adults before and after their participation in a PAP especially developed to foster their psychosocial adjustment and well-being. We assessed the pre-post-program evolution of these three dimensions and investigated its variation as a function of participants’ demographic and clinical characteristics. Globally, all three psychosocial adjustment dimensions improved significantly from pre- to post-program (p ≤ 0.001). Their evolution did not vary according to the age, gender, or migration status of participants, but did as a function of their geographical setting and severity of functional impairments due to mental health problems. Improvements in self-esteem and social functioning were observed in participants living in rural or semi-rural regions (p < 0.001), but not in the metropolitan area. Youths reporting severe impairments had the greatest improvements in all three dimensions of psychosocial functioning (p < 0.001), followed by those reporting moderate impairments (p < 0.001), and no changes were observed in the low severity sub-group. Results suggest that participatory arts programs can foster the well-being and psychosocial functioning of transition-aged youths with varied mental health issues, while emphasizing the importance to consider participants’ characteristics in evaluation research.
Reduced-port laparoscopic colectomy with D3-lymph node dissection and transvaginal specimen extraction (NOSES VIIIa) for right colon cancer: clinical features
Authors: Efetov Sergey , Cao Yu , Panova Polina , Khlusov Denis , Shulutko Alexander
Published: March 2024

Background:
Reduced-port laparoscopic surgery (RPLS) is the minimum possible number of ports or small-sized ports in laparoscopic surgery. Although the damage has been reduced compared to conventional laparoscopic (CL) surgery, a mini-laparotomy (ML) is still required to extract the specimen. The combination of RPLS and natural orifice specimen extraction (NOSE) minimizes the damage of the procedure.
Methods:
First group, we present the surgical approach of RPLS and extract the specimen via vaginal. Second group, we present the CL and extract the specimen through mini-laparotomy. We highlight the first surgical approach that includes preoperative preparation, key steps during the operation, and postoperative outcomes
Results:
A total of 17 patients with right colon adenocarcinoma, 5 of them underwent RPLS-NOSE, and other 12 patients underwent conventional laparoscopic (CL) surgery and extract specimen by mini-laparotomy (CL-ML). Compare with CL-ML, RPLS-NOSE associated with longer operative time (289 min vs 231 min, P < 0.001), less bleeding (60 ml vs 90 ml, P = 0.025), short hospitalization (8.2 days vs 13.6 days, P<0.001), faster first flatus (1.8 days vs 3.4 days, P<0.001), less postoperative pain on first day (2.8 vs 4.25, P = 0.019). Regarding to lymph node harvest, bowal movement, R0 resection, postoperative comlications, postoperative pain on day 3 and day 5, no significant difference was observed.
Conclusion:
In selected patients, RPLS with D3-lymph node dissection and transvaginal specimen extraction is safe, results in fast recovery, and is indicated for colon cancer patients.
Modulus of elasticity in standing trees of Pinus montezumae Lamb., using non-destructive testing
Authors: Ramos Xuxan Alyn Rosas , Rosa Ma. Amparo Máxima Borja de la , Velasco Roberto Machuca , Ambriz Alejandro Corona , Hernández Liliana Cuapio
Published: March 2024

Non-destructive testing applied to the study of the mechanical properties of wood in standing trees has grown significantly in recent years due to the implementation of non-invasive techniques and technologies that do not require the felling of trees for their evaluation. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the dynamic modulus of elasticity and structural wood quality in standing trees of Pinus montezumae Lamb. An acoustic method was used by measuring the ultrasound time of flight for seventy trees with an average age of 74 years, the sensors were placed oppositely at 1.30 m for the transverse section, while for the longitudinal sections the sensors were placed alternately every 2 m. It was found that for P. montezumae Lamb, the dynamic modulus of elasticity for the 0–2 m and 2–4 m longitudinal sections at 12% moisture content was 6149.1 and 7039.1 MPa, respectively. Statistically significant differences were also found for the longitudinal dynamic modulus of elasticity (p-value < 0.05). It is concluded that for the study area, the high longitudinal section (2–4 m) allows obtaining structural wood of higher quality compared to the low section (0–2 m).
The effect of positional isomerism of cyano group of the rod-like mesogens on the liquid crystalline and optical characteristics
Authors: Liu Zhigao , Liu Xiaotong , Liang Yurun , Zhang Shunbo , Hu Xiuning , Xiao Yulong
Published: March 2024

Two novel cyanostilbene-based rod-like mesogens named BI-CN-4 and BI-CHO-4 consisting of one terminal pyrene and one terminal alkyl chain were prepared by Suzuki coupling and Knoevenagel reactions. The influence of the positional isomerism of cyano group of cyanostilbene unit on the liquid crystalline characteristics, photophysical characteristics, and mechanochromism characteristics is explored by using POM, DSC, XRD, UV spectra, PL spectra, DFT and TD-DFT calculations. BI-CN-4 in which the cyano group is adjacent to the phenylpyrene unit exhibits monotropic smectic C phase, whereas BI-CHO-4 in which the cyano group is far away from the phenylpyrene unit exhibits enantiotropic smectic C phase. BI-CN-4 exhibits more distinct positive solvatochromism due to more distinct intramolecular charge transfer. Both compounds exhibit AIE or AIEE behavior and reversible mechanochromism behavior due to twisted molecular configurations. These results demonstrated that the distinct molecular design could endow organic molecules with multifunctional properties and potentials.
Impact of Interpregnancy Interval after Caesarean Section on Perinatal Outcomes in Multiparous Women of Advanced Maternal Age: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: zhou shengping , dai li , Xu Qin , Ye Lei , wang qilin , Zhou Rong
Published: March 2024

Background: This study aims to evaluate the impact of different interpregnancy intervals (IPIs) after a previous caesarean section on perinatal events in elderly multiparous women.
Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, multiparous women of advanced maternal age who had a previous caesarean section between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2016, were included.IPI was defined as the duration between live birth and subsequent conception.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between variant IPIs (<24 months, 60-119 months, and ≥120 months) and perinatal outcomes, with an IPI of 24-59 months as the reference group.The risks of anemia, gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes mellitus,placenta previa,premature rupture of membrane,uterine rupture and successful vaginal were compared among the 4 groups.
Results: We recorded a total of 591 births following cesarean delivery: 16, 89, 290, and 196 births in the IPI < 24 months, 24-59 months, 60-119 months, and ≥120 months groups, respectively. Women with an IPI of ≥120 months had a significantly higher incidence of gestational hypertension (6.1%, p＜0.001) than the other three groups. In women with a prior caesarean delivery and an IPI＜ 24 months, there was an increased risk of incomplete uterine rupture (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.13-1.87) and low 1-minute Apgar scores (OR 1.55, 95% CI 0.45-4.63). The IPI did not impact the occurrence of incomplete uterine rupture in women with a history of emergency caesarean section.There was no significant association between the IPI and other adverse perinatal outcomes, such as anaemia, gestational diabetes mellitus,abnormal placental position, pernicious placenta, placenta accreta, placental abruption, postpartum haemorrhage, hysterectomy, or neonatal intensive care admission.An IPI <24 months was associated with higher likelihood of premature rupture (OR 1.97, 95%CI 0.58-10.2).
Conclusion: Women with an IPI of ≥120 months had a higher rate of gestational hypertension compared to the other groups, while an IPI of <24 months increased the risk of incomplete uterine rupture and low 1-minute Apgar scores.
Examining Social Support Buffering in a Serial Mediation Model relating Stress to Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Tan Felicia , Rachel Jing Min Ong , Kee Jin Lin , Lim Xin Ying , Long Shenice , Rane Nikita , Lu Sharon Huixian , Hashim Nawal , Chen Helen , Meaney Michael , Tan Geoffrey Chern-Yee
Published: March 2024

A body of evidence supports the role of social support as a buffer against stress in the development of depressive symptoms. However, there are several conceptualisations and measures of stress and their relationships to depression and social support are complex. Here, we tested a serial mediation model between measures of stress and depressive symptoms in 94 university students (Study 1) and 335 mothers from a longitudinal cohort (Study 2). In both cohorts, significant serial mediation effects are observed, linking the number and impact of negative life events, current distress, recent perceived stress, and depressive symptoms. Social support buffered the development of depressive symptoms in response to perceived stress and not at other points in the mediation model. In Study 1, we found a significant moderating effect of perceived social support from friends and significant others, on the relationship between recent perceived stress and depressive symptoms. In Study 2, perceived social support from family and significant others moderated the link between perceived stress and depressive symptoms, and the stress from positive life events was also buffered by social support. By delineating the buffering role of social support against perceived stress, we hope our findings can inform social interventions for mental health.
Comprehensive 4D-QSAR Analysis for Predicting the Biological Activity of Quinazoline: Integrating Electron Conformational and Genetic Algorithm Approaches through a Unified Framework to Uncover Essential Pharmacophoric Features
Authors: Şahin Kader , Sarıpınar Emin
Published: March 2024

To unravel the intricate connection between the molecular structure and bioactivity within a series of quinazolines, our investigation adopted a synergistic methodology that employed a genetic algorithm (GA) in tandem with four-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (4D-QSAR) modeling. Rather than relying on a singular conformation, our model construction represented each compound with a set of conformers. The geometric and electronic structure attributes for every atom and bond in each molecule were computed and organized into an electron–conformational matrix of contiguity (ECMC). The electron conformational submatrix of activity (ECSA) was derived through a comparative analysis of these matrices. For the series of quinazolines, we developed a pharmacophore model based on chemical properties utilizing the EMRE software package. Employing a genetic algorithm, we identified crucial variables to predict theoretical activity. The training set, consisting of 41 compounds, was used to develop 4D-QSAR models, and their predictive capacity was evaluated by including an additional 20 compounds in the test set. The model, incorporating the top twelve parameters, exhibited satisfactory performance. To further scrutinize the contribution of each descriptor to biological activity within the EC–GA model, the E statistics technique was applied.
Design of CMOS 45nm SAR ADC for ECG Signal Applications
Authors: Pradeep Jinka , Ramashri Tirumala
Published: March 2024

Efficient SAR ADCs are necessary for acquiring biomedical signals. The research highlights the use of an 8-bit CMOS 45nm SAR-ADC to capture bio-signals. A suggestion is put forward in the study to incorporate a DAC to improve energy efficiency at the nanowatt level. This approach allows for comparisons to be made with zero energy consumption, resulting in a significant improvement in energy utilization. Research indicates that optimizing the comparator can be achieved by adjusting transistor sizes, eliminating the need for specific offset cancelling methods. The 45nm CMOS technological node is effectively utilized in implementing the SAR-ADC architecture. The ADC achieves an SFDR of 64.12 dB with a power consumption of 1.89uW, operating at a sampling frequency of 1.1MHz and a voltage supply of 1V.
A 6th-Order Current-Mirror-Based Gm-C Bandpass Filter with the Binary Searching Calibration Scheme for Capacitor Sensing Applications
Authors: Chen Hsin-Liang , Chou Hsiao-Hsing , Fu Chun-Kai , Chiang Jen-Shiun
Published: March 2024

This paper presents the current-mirror-based Gm-C bandpass filter with a digitally binary searching calibration scheme. The current-mirror-based circuit technique can be a highly regular structure, which drives the proposed filter to implement the conceptions of the modularized unit and repeatable layout. Furthermore, it employs a tunable bias current circuit and a successively counting logic to implement the binary searching calibration scheme to reduce the mass test timing budget and to obtain the correct frequency response. Thus, the proposed 6th-order current-mirror-based Gm-C bandpass filter can overcome the PVT variations with this automatically tunable bias scheme. Accordingly, a Gm-C LC oscillator, which forms the same unit cell as the filter, generates the oscillated clock for this digital successively counting calibration scheme. This work is designed and implemented in the 0.18μm CMOS process with a supply voltage of 1.8V. The specifications include the center frequency of 200kHz and bandwidth of 100kHz for capacitor sensing applications. The measured power dissipations of the filter and calibrating scheme are 0.65mW and 0.56mW, respectively. After calibrating, the mean offset and standard deviation ratios to the calibrated clock frequency are only 2.1% and 1.66%, respectively.
Bildungsungerechtigkeit und Religionsunterricht : die soziale Frage im Spiegel der sechsten Kirchenmitgliedschaftsuntersuchung der EKD
Authors: Hock Johanna
Published: March 2024

Die aktuelle, sechste Kirchenmitgliedschaftsuntersuchung (KMU) lässt sich auf eine Hauptbotschaft reduzieren: Die Mitgliederentwicklung scheint „an einem Kipppunkt angelangt zu sein, der schon in den nächsten Jahren in erhebliche Instabilitäten und disruptive Abbrüche hineinführen kann.“ Die bildungspolitischen Konsequenzen, die aus dieser Diagnose resultieren, werden in den kommenden Jahren nicht nur die Kirchenleitungen, sondern auch die Theologie beschäftigen. Im Zentrum steht dabei u.a. die Frage, wie die Kirche angesichts sinkender Ressourcen weiterhin soziale Verantwortung übernehmen und einen Beitrag zur Bildungsgerechtigkeit leisten kann.
Grenzen der Menschlichkeit? Religionen in der Herausforderung – neue Impulse für die Debatten über Flucht und Migration
Authors: Richter Silvia
Published: March 2024

Das Buber-Rosenzweig-Institut, das Forschungskolleg Humanwissenschaften und die Stadt Bad Homburg widmen die „Bad Homburg Conference“ (BHC) 2023 dem Thema „Flucht und Migration. Herausforderungen für Religionen und (post)säkulare Gesellschaften.“ Silvia Richter berichtet über neue Impulse für eine der drängendsten Fragen der Gegenwart.
CHALLENGES FACED BY VISUALLY IMPAIRED STUDENTS APPEARING FOR BOARD EXAMINATION
Authors: Dr. S. Joyce Jeyarani  , T. Srimathi
Published: March 2024

The world is yet to be brighter for the visually impaired children. Visual impairment means being with low vision or no vision. The life and world of visually impaired children are totally different than those with vision. Braille language enables the visually impaired student to read and write in their schools. Talking library enables learning further. However, they face challenges in appearing for board examination. The researcher was interested in knowing the challenges faced by them and to find out strategies to overcome the challenges. The researcher adopted Explanatory Research design and Conative model of Mary Goodyear (2013) for Focused Group Discussion. The methodology adopted in conducting focused group discussion was based on Krueger and Casey’s, (2000) model. The researcher selected samples from a particular school for the visually impaired in Madurai. By adopting census method, all the visually impaired students appearing for board examination were selected for the study. By using the focused group script, which is a tool for data collection, the challenged faced by the respondents were identified. They were exam fear, difficulty in recalling, particularly the steps and formula in Maths, no career guidance or lack of motivation, non – conducive family atmosphere, less number of revisions and exam preparation programs teaching mnemonics, and ill health of parents during examination. The researcher had suggested strategies to overcome challenges faced by the visually impaired students appearing for the board exam.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE LOCAL COMMUNITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA AND SUPERVISED INJECTION FACILITIES: A SHORT LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Cherie Chung
Published: March 2024

The establishment of supervised injection facilities has been a journey fraught with challenges and difficulties, due to the cultural beliefs regarding harm reduction and drug users in British Columbia during the 1990s. It was evident that scientific evidence was not enough to convince authorities that supervised injection facilities would benefit drug users and the community. Cultural intervention was required to change the government’s opinion regarding this issue. For years, citizens and organizations fought for supervised injection facilities, and their efforts have contributed greatly to the establishment of these sites. This paper argues that the creation of supervised injection facilities can be attributed to the protests and actions executed by the community in British Columbia, as well as exploring the relationship between the local community and the establishment and preservation of supervised injection facilities.
SMART INHALERS: HARNESSING IOT FOR PRECISE ASTHMA MANAGEMENT
Authors: Rakesh Margam
Published: March 2024

Effective management techniques are required for the widespread chronic respiratory disease known as asthma in order to reduce its negative effects on public health. Smart inhalers are a prime example of how the introduction of Internet of Things (IoT) technology has sparked creative solutions. In this essay, the seamless integration of IoT technology is used to elaborate on the transformational potential of smart inhalers in improving asthma management. The traditional approach to managing asthma relies on individualised prescription regimens that must be consistently followed. But obstacles including patient forgetfulness and insufficient real-time monitoring frequently prevent effective adherence, aggravating symptoms and lowering quality of life. Smart inhalers are the result of the confluence of IoT technology with asthma therapy, signalling a paradigm change. Smart inhalers, driven by IoT, offer a wide range of characteristics and signal a paradigm change in the treatment of asthma. (1) These gadgets can monitor medicine use, inhaler technique, and environmental triggers in real time since they include sensors and connection. Personalised therapy modifications are made possible by the real-time data creation that gives healthcare professionals insights into patient behaviour, adherence trends, and symptom development. The ability of smart inhalers to revolutionise medication adherence is one of their main benefits. (2)Patients are better able to maintain their regimens when they receive prompt guidance on how to use an inhaler and reminders to take prescription drugs as directed. The resultant decline in emergency room visits, hospital admissions, and asthma attacks is evidence of these devices' effectiveness. Healthcare professionals are empowered to quickly react and prevent the progression of symptoms thanks to the real-time data stream from smart inhalers. (3)Asthma care has advanced dramatically with the introduction of IoT-enabled smart inhalers, which are expected to improve asthma sufferers' medication compliance, symptom management, and overall quality of life. Predicted developments in smart inhaler technology, including artificial intelligence and predictive analytics, portend improved personalisation and therapeutic efficacy as the IoT environment changes. The promise of smart inhalers to reshape asthma care resonates deeply with the principles of patient education, engagement, and interdisciplinary collaboration among healthcare professionals, researchers, and technology developers, setting a promising trajectory for respiratory healthcare. (4)
CHARGE SHUTTLING: CELL BALANCING FOR PARALLEL LI-ION PACKS
Authors: Manish Ramaswamy
Published: March 2024

The automotive industry is fast evolving to Li-ion chemistries, which have more favorable power, energy density, and efficiency. To meet the demands of greater electric ranges, parallel strings of batteries are required to increase the overall system capacity. Differences in chemical characteristics, internal resistance, and operating conditions can cause variations in remaining cell capacity, decreasing the total battery storage capacity over time, shortening the battery lifetime and eventually damaging the cells. Cell equalization tries to restore all the cells in the pack to an equal state of charge in order to prolong the battery lifetime and to ensure safe battery operations. This work presents an active charge equalization scheme with a flying capacitor to shuttle charge between the unbalanced cells in a parallel battery pack. The theoretical framework is accompanied by MATLAB simulations on a twelve cell pack in series/parallel configuration supporting the validity of the chosen approach.
INVESTIGATING GENERALIZED HYPERGEOMETRIC FUNCTIONS AND THEIR RELATIONS WITH K-FUNCTIONS IN ONE AND TWO VARIABLES
Authors: Dr. Pandhare Balu Shankarsa
Published: March 2024

We explore the features and relationships of Generalized Hypergeometric Functions (GHFs) in one and two variables, delving into their unpredictable domain and their noteworthy correlations with K-Functions. GHFs are versatile numerical developments that are well-known for their flexible applications in many fields of research and design. In this paper, we characterize more generalized hypergeometric k-functions using an impressive example of Wright hypergeometric capacity. The basic representation, differential features, touching relations, and differential recipes of the generalized hypergeometric k-functions 2R1, k(a, b; c; τ; z) (k > 0) are somewhat outlined. The aim of this investigation study is to find the neigh boring capability relations for ????-hypergeometric functions with one boundary and, additionally, to obtain adjoining capacity relations for two boundaries, with reference to Gauss's fifteen bordering capability relations for hypergeometric functions. During this exploratory work, we find the touching capability relations for both cases up to the point where another boundary ????>0. In the case where ????→1, the touching capability relations for ????-hypergeometric functions are clearly Gauss coterminous capability relations.
THE ILLUSIVE WORLD OF SOCIAL MEDIA
Authors: Shreya Biswas
Published: March 2024

Social media has become an inextricable part of our lives. There’s no denying the fact that the social media has myriad positives but this paper majorly focuses on not so greener side of the dazzling world of perfection which is limned in social media over and over again. The paper starts with a comprehensive definition of social media then goes on to reflect upon various taxing facets that come along. Social media has set unrealistic standards of fashion, beauty, appearance, food, education which gets inculcated in the minds of billions of users and then comes the mad rush to conform to those benchmarks. Social media has provided a thriving market to innumerable beauty brands. FOMO or Fear of Missing Out is another by-product of social media. A deep sense of unhappiness, anxiety, reduced productivity and lower self-esteem is often associated with it. Users may have millions of subscribers and followers but this virtual fan following donot always mirrors their offline life. Social media has uncannily conned us in believing that we have friends while in reality this is just the contrary. Besides, the spread of fake news , trolling, cyber bullying , hate speech and increasing cases of people getting duped by the fraudsters are other pitfalls of social media.  It finally rests with the users how to use this double edged sword. These platforms can either be used for disseminating obscenity, hatred, or rumours else can be utilitized to the fullest for enhanced networking, fostering support and empathy and even as a learning tool.
A STUDY ON IMPACT AND IMPORTANCE OF SECONDARY SECTOR ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ACROSS JHARKHAND
Authors: Manish Kumar
Published: March 2024

The industrial sector has a multi-faceted role in the growth and development of Jharkhand. Industrial development unleashes dynamic and competitive economic performance which generates income and employment, facilitates international trade and increases resource efficiency, and is thus a major driver of poverty alleviation and shared prosperity. The industrial sector contributes a share of 42% of its total gross state value added for the year 2019-20. This study has to analysed the impact and importance of secondary sector on economic development across Jharkhand state.
ASSESSING THE ATTITUDE OF TEACHER EDUCATORS TOWARDS THE INTEGRATION OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) IN TEACHING LEARNING PROCESS
Authors: M. Yasin Pir  , Bintul Islam
Published: March 2024

The purpose of the present study is to assess the attitude of teacher educators in relation to gender, qualification and experience towards the integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in teaching learning process. The survey was conducted in 10 Government and Private Teacher Education Institutions of Kashmir Division (UT of J&K, India). Descriptive survey method was employed for the present investigation. Stratified sampling technique was used to select the sample of 100 teacher educators teaching in government and private institutions. Data collection technique employed in this present study was Attitude Scale towards Information Technology for Teachers (ASTITT-IN) by Nasrin and Islahi (2012). The data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics such as Mean, Standard Deviation, percentage and t-test. The study reveals that there was no significant difference in the attitudes between male and female teacher educators. However, a notable distinction emerged in the attitudes of teacher educators from government and private institutions was that the teacher educators from government institutions were found to possess higher level of favourable attitude towards ICT. The study also delved into the impact of professional experience on teacher educators' attitudes towards ICT integration and the findings indicate a noticeable difference based on the participants' experience levels. A small subset of educators exhibited a highly positive attitude towards ICT integration while the majority displayed a generally positive orientation. This study contributes to the existing literature by providing insights into the nuanced perspectives of teacher educators in both government and private institutions regarding ICT integration. The identified variations based on institutional affiliation and experience levels underscore the need for tailored strategies and interventions to foster a more widespread positive attitude towards the incorporation of ICT tools in the education sector and prepare teachers to teach effectively with technology.
SOCIALIZATION AND INCLUSION OF EDUCATIONALLY BACKWARD CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES
Authors: Mr. Lovekesh Gehlot
Published: March 2024

In the framework of inclusive education, this study investigates the crucial aspects of socialization and inclusion for children with disabilities who are educationally disadvantaged. Taking into account the particular difficulties young kids encounter, this research looks at practical methods for promoting academic success and social growth in inclusive environments. Based on an extensive examination of the literature, the study looks at how mentoring programs, cooperative learning activities, and peer support may help people socialize. It also explores academic inclusion via the creation of Individualized Education Plans (IEPs), assistive technology, and differentiated teaching. Legislative frameworks, resource distribution, and teacher preparation are also examined in the study as essential components of fostering an inclusive atmosphere. Case studies provide insightful information on effective models, and practical recommendations are meant to help parents, legislators, and educators improve the educational experience for children with disabilities who are educationally disadvantaged. In the end, this research advances inclusive education practices by supporting a comprehensive strategy that gives equal weight to social and academic integration. The study looks at the obstacles that children with disabilities who are educationally behind the curve must overcome and suggests workable solutions. The study seeks to further the current conversation on inclusive education by integrating the available research and advocating for the use of evidence-based strategies that promote the holistic development of all children.
ATTITUDE OF SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS TOWARDS INCLUSIVE EDUCATION
Authors: Smruti Sudeshna Panda  , Dr. Lakshmipriya Malla  , Dr. Rasmi Ranjan Puhan
Published: March 2024

Present study was conducted to find out the level of attitude of secondary school teachers towards inclusive education in relation to their gender, types of management and length of experience following descriptive survey research method on a randomly selected sample of 80 teachers with help of a standardized attitude scale. After analysis and interpretation of data through inferential statistical techniques it was found that most of the teachers were having highly favourable attitude towards inclusive education and gender, types of management and length of experience had no any significant effect on the level of attitude of the secondary school teachers towards inclusive education.
TEST ANXIETY AMONG SCHOOL STUDENTS APPEARING FOR PUBLIC EXAM AT A GOVT HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL, MADURAI
Authors: A. Megha  , Dr. S. Joyce Jeyarani
Published: March 2024

Test anxiety is a type of performance anxiety that can affect people of all ages, including adolescents. It is characterized by psychological, physiological, and behavioural reactions related to concerns about obtaining a negative result in an evaluative situation. The study aims to measure the level of exam anxiety among school student and to find out the association or difference between independent variables and test anxietyvariable. The sample size of the study is 50 students appearing for the public exam. The researcher used descriptive research design. Westside Test anxiety tool with good reliability and validity was used.Fifty students from 10th, 11th and 12th std were the samples for the study using stratified proportionate random sampling. Findings show that 37% of respondent hadmoderate high level of test anxiety. ‘t’ test result shows that there is statistically significant difference between female and male students with regard to their test anxiety. Chi-square result shows that there is no association between the type of family and level of test anxiety. The researcher suggests anxiety reduction strategies that will not impair the test performance rather reduce the test anxiety.
FOOTPRINTS OF FINTECH ON FINANCIAL INCLUSION – EVIDENCE FROM DIGITAL BANKING SYSTEM
Authors: Khushboo Patel  , Dr. Shashi Kashyap  , Dr. R. P. Agrawal
Published: March 2024

Fintech is considered as the vehicle of financial Inclusion. The research paper attempts to explain the impact of fintech on financial inclusion through various types of digital banking activities. The research paper mainly focuses to analyse the growth of digital banking activities with the help of fintech to achieve complete financial inclusion. India has also witnessed the miracle of fintech in the field of banking & finance sector (Prateek Roongta, and Karthik Raghupathy n.d.). Complete financial inclusion is a step towards developing a cashless economy. With the help of fintech services and fintech software people conducting their daily activities related to money is now a piece of cake.   Hence, the paper is attempted to analyse the growth in digital banking with the help of financial technology. This study also analyses the measurements of currency, the enablers for payment systems, and the measures of electronic payments. The paper studies the measures of cash, electronic payments, and the enablers for payment systems, over the last 5 years. To ascertain the changes in India, if any, from cash to digital payments. It has discussed the enormous opportunities that recent financial innovations offer, but also the risks that might come from them.
OPEN MARKET OPERATIONS: EXPECTATIONS AND CHALLENGES
Authors: Dr. A. J. Haja Mohideen
Published: March 2024

The RBI move of sucking out excess liquidity through OMOs clearly shows the tightening attitude to control inflationary pressures. Monetary policy got a hawkish tint as the market did not expect such a suck out policy of excess liquidity from the RBI, though the retail inflation was at 6.83 per cent in August 2023. Larger government borrowings and abundant supply of liquidity are the great concerns to RBI. The RBI's emphasis on active liquidity management was influenced by inflation risks and financial stability. Fiscal Dominance Liquidity Management Challenge and Exchange Rate Volatility are the challenges ahead. OMOs effectiveness depends on the central bank's ability to accurately time and size these operations.
Sensitivity of bias correction step on generating hydrological scenarios
Authors: Guilpart Étienne , Espanmanesh Vahid , Tilmant Amaury , Bourgault Marc-André
Published: March 2024

Significant shifts in hydro-climatic regimes are expected in many parts of the world during the 21st century, affecting the water cycle. Vulnerability, impact, and adaptation studies often use tailored modeling chains to assess the expected effects of climate change, but the robustness of these chains is rarely investigated. This highlights the need for more rigorous evaluation of modeling chains to ensure that they are reliable for informed decision-making processes. To address this gap, we propose a framework for evaluating the sensitivity of hydrological scenario production to the bias correction step. We apply the framework to the Senegal River Basin, using three bias correction methods (linear scale, empirical quantile mapping, and nested bias correction) and three procedures (climate-correction, hydrological-correction, and climate-hydrological-correction). Our results show that the choice of modeling chain has a significant impact on future hydro-climatic trajectories. In particular, the combination of climate-and-hydrological-correction procedures may be optimal when both climate biases and hydrological model errors are significant. Moreover, using multiple bias correction methods can strengthen the ensemble of future hydro-climatic conditions. These findings have implications for vulnerability–impact–adaptation studies and underscore the importance of rigorous modeling chain design and sensitivity analysis.
Evaluating the impacts of anthropogenic, climate, and land use changes on streamflow
Authors: Ruigar Hossein , Emamgholizadeh Samad , Gharechelou Saeid , Golian Saeed
Published: March 2024

Several factors, including natural and human-induced, can affect river discharge. This study aims to examine the influence of land use changes and climate change on the monthly average streamflow time series in the Talar River basin, in northern Iran. To investigate the impact of human factors, namely land use change and point source operations, on monthly average streamflow, the DBEST method was used to detect any breakpoint in the streamflow time series caused by gradual changes in land use and climate. The SWAT model was used to simulate the basin at Kiakola and Shirghah stations, between 2001 and 2020. The land use maps were created for the years 2001 and 2019. Calibration and validation at the Kiakola station showed that the Nash-Sutcliffe model (NSE) had an efficiency of 0.8 and 0.76, respectively, while at the Shirghah station, the same values were 0.84 and 0.75. Findings revealed that human activities, specifically the combined impact of land use change and point source operations, had a 60% influence on the monthly average streamflow of the Talar River. They further showed that the combination of land use and harvesting played the most significant role in the basin's outflow on a monthly scale.
Actinomycetes - The Repertoire of Diverse Bioactive Chemical Molecules: From Structures to Antibiotics
Authors: Baba Ishfaq Ahmad , Wani Zubair Ahmad , Ali Shazia , Ahmad Zahoor , Mubarak Mohamad Mosa
Published: March 2024

The urgent need for novel antibiotics in the face of escalating global antimicrobial resistance
necessitates innovative approaches to identify bioactive compounds. Actinomycetes,
renowned for their prolific production of antimicrobial agents, stand as a cornerstone in this pursuit.
Their diverse metabolites exhibit multifaceted bioactivities, including potent antituberculosis,
anticancer, immunomodulatory, immuno-protective, antidiabetic, etc. Though terrestrial sources
have been exploited significantly, contemporary developments in the field of antimicrobial drug
discovery have put marine actinomycetes in a prominent light as a promising and relatively unexplored
source of novel bioactive molecules. This is further boosted by post-genomic era advances
like bioinformatics-based secretome analysis and reverse engineering that have totally revitalized
actinomycetes antibiotic research. This review highlights actinomycetes-based chemically diverse
scaffolds and clinically validated antibiotics along with the enduring significance of actinomycetes
from untouched ecosystems, especially with recent advanced techniques in the quest for
next-generation antimicrobials.
Pathobiology of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Lewis Michael , Voelkel Norbert , Kadri Ferdous
Published: March 2024

Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease associated with occlusive
pulmonary arterial remodeling of vessels < 500 μm for which there is no cure. Even in the
era of PAH-specific combination therapies, aberrant lung pathology and progressive right ventricular
(RV) dysfunction occur, culminating in a median survival of 6.2 years, according to the latest
data in the treatment era. While better than a median survival from symptom onset of 2.8 years prior
to PAH-specific therapies, it is still poor. Thus, there is an urgent need to move the opportunities
forward for meaningful treatment strategies. Clearly, a better understanding of the highly complex
pathobiology of PAH is needed if we are to achieve new and novel treatment strategies. This
is especially so if we are to pursue a more personalized treatment approach to PAH in light of the
multitude of pathobiological abnormalities described in PAH, which likely culminate in a final
common pathway for PAH development.

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In this State-of-the-Art review, we provide comprehensive insights into the complex pathobiology
of PAH to provide understanding and insights for the practicing clinician. We review the pathology
of PAH and the cells involved and their impact in driving pathological abnormalities (pulmonary
artery endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts and pericytes) as well as the role of
the extracellular matrix. Inflammation and immune dysfunction are considered important drivers
of PAH and are comprehensively discussed. Another pathway relates to TGFβ/ bone morphogenic
protein (BMP) imbalance, which is highlighted, as well as a new novel agent, sotatercept that impacts
this imbalance. Genetic factors underlying heritable PAH (HPAH) are addressed, as well as
epigenetic influences. Other important pathways highlighted include growth factor signaling, ion
channels/channelopathy, hypoxia signaling pathways, and altered metabolism and mitochondrial
dysfunction. We also address the “estrogen paradox”, whereby PAH is more common in women
but more severe in men. The basis for drug-induced PAH is discussed, including the new methamphetamine
epidemic. We briefly provide insights into DNA damage and senescence factors in
pathobiology and highlight commonalities between PAH and cancer pathobiology. Furthermore,
we provide concluding insights for the treating physician. In conclusion, we need to pose the right
questions to motivate novel and effective treatment strategies for the management of PAH based
on pathobiological principles and understanding.
Water Nutriture: Essential but Misunderstood
Authors: Vavilala Pratyusha , Narayanasamy Nandita
Published: March 2024

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In their search for life, space scientists are looking for traces of water on other planets
in the solar system because of the well accepted knowledge that water is important for all living
systems. Water makes up 60-75% of human body weight. A loss of just 4% of total body water
can lead to severe dehydration, and a loss of 15% is fatal. What makes water so essential for survival?
Though life on earth is described as a carbon-based phenomenon, it would not be amiss to also
call it a water-based phenomenon, as water is the universal solvent that dissolves all biological
molecules. Despite this deep understanding of both the chemistry and the biochemical importance
of water in human physiology, questions still remain regarding what is the required consumption
of water? What type of water is to be ingested? In the context of Nutrition, water is not only an essential
nutrient but is also an important source of antinutrients and toxins. Another question that remains
ambiguous is: How much water is essential? If it is a nutrient, does it have an RDA? Can
one suffer and die from water intoxication? This review puts together in simple terms what one
needs to know about water as an essential nutrient in our diet.