bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Damage detection of Pelamis power take-off based on discrete model
Authors: Ettefagh Mir M , Medghalchi Bahareh , Dibaj Ali
Published: July 2016

Structural health monitoring is essential for ensuring the structural safety performance during the service life. The process is of paramount importance in the case of the Pelamis wave energy converter due to the structural parts being subjected to the marine environmental risky conditions and consequently, power take-off system damage. In this paper, a fuzzy-based damage detection method using the dynamic response of the Pelamis type P1 is proposed. Accurate modeling of a dynamic system with simple dynamic equations is one of the important steps of damage detection process; for this purpose, the equations of the motion of the Pelamis system is derived using the Lagrangian method for creating a discrete model of the Pelamis in the first step. For validating the obtained model, scaled experimental model of the Pelamis is provided, and modal analysis is carried out. Then, the features in the frequency spectrum of the structure response in each degree of freedom as a result of power take-off damaged conditions are considered as inputs to the fuzzy system. Also, the fuzzy system is trained based on calibrating the membership functions by defining the damage classes appropriately. For validating the proposed method, noise with different signal to noise ratios is inserted to the measured features and the success rate of the damage detection is calculated. The results show that the proposed method is able to identify the damage classes with acceptable success rate.
Evaluation of side spillage for a hypersonic air intake using computational fluid dynamic techniques
Authors: Javed Afroz , Chakraborty Debasis
Published: July 2016

Mass capture ratio of a hypersonic air intake is one of the most important performance parameters. However, no a priori estimate of its value exists for use in initial design exercise of a hypersonic vehicle. In the present work, an air intake of a non-axisymmetric scramjet engine, designed using stream thrust methodology, is studied using computational fluid dynamic techniques. A large amount of air mass flow rate is observed to spill from the sides, which is not accounted for in the initial design phase. In absence of even an approximate estimate of this spillage, computational fluid dynamic studies become the only available tool to evaluate the mass capture ratio. Simulations are also carried out with a side wall at the intake to stop spillage. Although mass capture ratio and static pressure at combustor entry improve, deterioration in other flow parameters such as static temperature, Mach number and total pressure is observed.
High-risk alcohol use and associated socio-demographic, health and psychosocial factors in patients with HIV infection in three primary health care clinics in South Africa
Authors: Veld Diana Huis in ‘t , Pengpid Supa , Colebunders Robert , Skaal Linda , Peltzer Karl
Published: July 2016

Alcohol use may have a negative impact on the course of HIV disease and the effectiveness of its treatment. We studied patients with HIV who use alcohol and associated socio-demographic, health and psychosocial factors. Outcomes from this study may help in selecting patients from clinical practice with high-risk alcohol use and who are likely to benefit most from alcohol reduction interventions. In a cross sectional study in three primary health care clinics in Pretoria, South Africa, from January 2012 to June 2012, patients with HIV infection were interviewed and patients’ medical files were reviewed to obtain data on levels of alcohol use (Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test), patients’ socio-demographic characteristics, HIV-related information, health related quality of life (WHOQoL-HIVBref), internalized AIDS stigma, symptoms of depression and adherence to antiretroviral therapy. Analyses consisted of descriptive statistics, bi- and multivariate logistic regression models. A total of 2230 patients (1483 [66.5%] female) were included. The median age was 37 years (interquartile range 31–43), 99.5% were black Africans, 1975 (88.6%) had started ART and the median time on ART was 22 months (interquartile range 9–40). No alcohol was used by 64% of patients, 8.9% were low risk drinkers, 25.1% of patients were hazardous or harmful drinkers and 2.0% had possible alcohol dependence. In multivariate analysis high-risk drinking was positively associated with male gender, never being married, tobacco use, a higher score for the ‘level of independence’-domain measured with the WHOQoL-HIVBref questionnaire, and with more depressive symptoms compared to low-risk drinking. This study shows a high prevalence of hazardous or harmful drinking in patients with HIV infection (especially men) attending primary health care clinics in South Africa. Routine screening for alcohol use should be introduced in these clinics and harm reduction interventions should be evaluated, taking into account associated factors.
Platzschwindel, agoraphobia and their influence on theories of anxiety at the end of the nineteenth century: theories of the role of biology and ‘representations’ (Vorstellungen)
Authors: Ghazal Yazan Abu , Hinton Devon E
Published: July 2016

During the 1860s, Berlin’s exterior physiognomy transformed radically. The city eroded the surrounding rural areas, and the frontiers of the old city centre were abolished. These transformations led to the disappearance of the visible frontiers that once demarcated the limits of the old residential Prussian city. In this context, the description of the clinical picture of agoraphobia by the Berlin psychiatrist Carl Westphal in 1872 marked a turning point, not only in psychiatric theories on anxiety but also in the conceptualization of our experience of space. In this paper, the authors trace the emergence of a new psychology-neurology episteme during the last third of the nineteenth century; and they argue that such an episteme became possible once the relations between anxiety and modern city-scape had been clearly articulated.
Italian colonial psychiatry: outlines of a discipline, and practical achievements in Libya and the Horn of Africa
Authors: Scarfone Marianna
Published: July 2016

This article describes the establishment of psychiatry in Italy’s former colonies during the period 1906–43, in terms of the clinical and institutional mechanisms, the underlying theories and the main individuals involved. ‘Colonial psychiatry’ (variously called ‘ethnographic’, ‘comparative’ or ‘racial’ psychiatry) – the object of which was both to care for mentally afflicted colonists and local people and also to understand and make sense of their pathologies – received most attention in colonial Libya, starting in the first months of the Italian occupation (1911–12) and then taking institutional form in the 1930s; in the colonies of what was known as ‘Italian East Africa’, on the other hand, less was said about psychiatric care, and practical achievements were correspondingly limited.
What does the duration of belonging tell us about the temporal self?
Authors: May Vanessa
Published: July 2016

Belonging is a fundamentally temporal experience, yet there exists to date little research on belonging as a temporal phenomenon. This paper offers an important contribution to the literatures on belonging, time and the self by exploring how the experience of belonging is tethered to time. Focussing on the temporal dimensions of the interconnection between belonging and the self contributes to our understanding of how people experience time and construct a sense of self. The data comprise 62 accounts on belonging written by members of the Mass Observation Project’s panel of volunteer writers residing in Great Britain. Two dimensions of duration are explored: first, enduring belonging compared to fleeting belonging and second, belonging that endures ‘out of time’. In relation to the first dimension, I argue that the duration of belonging aids in constructing a coherent self over time and thus speaks to a person’s moral character. The second dimension of duration illustrates experiences of belonging that defy understandings of linear temporality and a singular self, thus demonstrating the fundamentally distributed nature of the self. Attending to the duration of belonging also adds to our empirical understanding of how time is experienced by people.
Council of Europe
Authors: Veshi Denard , Neitzke Gerald
Published: July 2016

In this contribution, the “Guide on the decision-making process regarding medical treatment in end-of-life situations” published by the Committee on Bioethics of the Council of Europe has been analyzed by taking into consideration different perspectives, such as medical, ethical and legal views. In addition, some argumentations why this guide should also include physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia have been explained. The application of ethical principles and the balance between the patient’s right to self-determination and the physician’s duty of care have been studied under the general principle of fair distribution of public recourses in palliative care. Moreover, some examples from national legislation of some Western European countries have been given to illustrate and support these guidelines.
The Extent, Nature and Distribution of Child Poverty in India
Authors: Gordon David , Nandy Shailen
Published: July 2016

Despite a long history, research on poverty has only relatively recently examined the issue of child poverty as a distinct topic of concern. This article examines how child poverty and well-being are now conceptualized, defined and measured, and presents a portrait of child poverty in India by social and cultural groups, and by geographic area. In December 2006, the UN General Assembly adopted a definition of child poverty which noted that children living in poverty were deprived of (among other things) nutrition, water and sanitation facilities, access to basic health care services, shelter and education. The definition noted that while poverty hurts every human being ‘it is most threatening and harmful to children, leaving them unable to enjoy their rights, to reach their full potential and to participate as full members of the society’.

Researchers have developed age-specific and gender-sensitive indicators of deprivation which conform to the UN definition of child poverty and which can be used to examine the extent and nature of child poverty in low and middle-income countries. These new methods have ‘transformed the way UNICEF and many of its partners both understood and measured the poverty suffered by children’ (UNICEF, 2009). This article uses these methods and presents results of child poverty in India based on nationally representative household survey data for India.
Subnational Export Performance and Determinants
Authors: Pradhan Jaya Prakash , Zohair Mohammad
Published: July 2016

Traditionally, the export performance of the economies was analysed taking individual countries as the locational units, which were not able to explain the subnational, regional or spatial disparities within the geographically vast countries like India, because a huge amount of heterogeneity exists among different states in terms of economic development, infrastructure, skill, knowledge and subnational policies. The analysis of the two selected states, namely Uttar Pradesh and Tamil Nadu, indicates that their differential performance in manufacturing exports can be related to their contrasting heterogeneity in terms of above spatial factors. Findings also suggest that firms’ exporting in these two states are shaped by a number of firm-level parameters such as firm age, firm size, research and development (R&D) intensity, foreign ownership, domestic business group affiliation and the policy variable capturing fiscal incentives.
Mental Health and Its Associated Factors Among North Korean Defectors Living in South Korea
Authors: Shin Hyun-Young , Lee Haewon , Park Sang Min
Published: July 2016

This study aimed to compare current mental health status between North Korean defectors and South Korean natives. The proportions of depression/anxiety and the experience of suicidal ideation from 593 North Korean defectors were compared with South Koreans (n = 2372). Logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the associated variables. As a result, the rates of depression/anxiety and suicidal ideation were significantly higher among North Korean defectors. North Koreans also had more than twice the number of escape attempts associated with high rates of depression/anxiety, and being female and single, longer durations of stay abroad, more than twice the number of escape attempts, and longer durations after entrance to South Korea were related to high rates of suicidal ideation. From these results, additional efforts are needed to identify the North Korean defectors who are at high risk for poor mental health and to provide appropriate medical services and social support.
A questionnaire-based investigation of the skills and roles of Computer Music Designers
Authors: Zattra Laura , Donin Nicolas
Published: July 2016

Throughout the history of electroacoustic music, creative collaboration has been a constant feature due to the complexity of the technology. All laboratories and electronic music studios involved the presence of different individuals with diverse, intertwined competencies. In particular, the embedding of technological tools into the process of musical creation prompted the rise of a new “agent” called the Computer Music Designer (CMD), who can work in writing, creating new instruments, recording and/or performance. Audiences as well as the academia have long been unaware of this emerging profession and its crucial role in the creative process of electroacoustic, electronic and computer music. This study sheds light on the socio-professional profile and expertise of the CMD in order to better understand how computer music design contributes to shaping electronic music as we know it. We present the methodology and outcomes of a questionnaire submitted to several CMDs. The purpose was to investigate this emerging community by means of an instrument permitting anonymity. Findings help to understand how the CMDs perceive their profession; trace common paths and habits among CMDs; and study this community from the point of view of their age, training, tasks, legal status, recognition, skills, professional identity and involvement in technological migration. The questionnaire instrument is appended.
Creativity beyond innovation: Musical performance and craft
Authors: Payne Emily
Published: July 2016

While creativity has been defined in a multiplicity of ways across disciplines, scholars generally agree that it involves the generation of ideas or products that are novel, of value, and appropriate to the field. Yet by too readily connecting creativity in musical performance to innovation, does this model neglect the more inconspicuous and unrecognised, but no less valuable, dimensions of creativity in score-based performance? This article offers a characterisation of musical performance situated within a framework of craft, by tracing rehearsal strategies employed in two new performance projects: the rehearsals for, and first performance of Four Duets for clarinet and piano (2012) by Edmund Finnis, written for Mark Simpson and Víkingur Ólafsson; and a recording made by Antony Pay of Alexander Goehr’s Paraphrase for solo clarinet Op. 28 (1969). My argument draws attention to “everyday” aspects of music-making, in which musicians make decisions in engaging with their work which are less explicit than the conventional “moments of revelation” that are prevalent in the literature, but which are nonetheless significant. Acknowledging these attributes of musicians’ performance practices can serve to develop a more nuanced understanding of creativity based on processes rather than outcomes, in order to move beyond a paradigm that opposes notated permanence to improvised transience.
Duration of playing bursts and redundancy of melodic jazz improvisation in John Coltrane’s “Giant Steps”
Authors: Lehmann Andreas C. , Goldhahn Stephan
Published: July 2016

Studying musical improvisation is methodologically difficult because improvisations are hardly reproducible, and no established theory exists regarding their formation. In particular it is unclear when and if jazz musicians invent new (innovative) melodic patterns or rely on previously overlearned (redundant) phrases. Other similar goal-directed activities with high complexity are production tasks such as driving a car (Tanida & Pöppel, 2006) or producing spoken language (Fenk-Oczlon & Fenk, 2009). Trade-offs between deliberate cognitive processes and automatized execution can be expected under extreme time pressure in high speed improvisation, and pauses in the musical flow could be used by musicians to engage in generative cognitive activity. Using transcriptions of John Coltrane’s improvisation of “Giant Steps” we analyzed redundancy and innovation in melodic improvisation. Half-bar units were coded for types of melodic variants. We found motor-output units (playing bursts) of around 3 seconds’ duration with a slightly higher probability of innovative patterns appearing after longer (0.5 s) pauses. Also, a systematic curvilinear trajectory of innovation was found across the piece with a peak after three-fourths of the chorus. The discussion establishes a parallel between improvisation and conversational language production with regard to the length of utterances which seem to take into account the listener’s psychological present. The possibilities of expert improvisers to engage in deliberate problem-solving during performance are also addressed.
Understanding Effective Delivery of Patient and Family Education in Pediatric Oncology: A Systematic Review From the Children’s Oncology Group
Authors: Rodgers Cheryl C. , Laing Catherine M. , Herring Ruth Anne , Tena Nancy , Leonardelli Adrianne , Hockenberry Marilyn , Hendricks-Ferguson Verna
Published: July 2016

A diagnosis of childhood cancer is a life-changing event for the entire family. Parents must not only deal with the cancer diagnosis but also acquire new knowledge and skills to care safely for their child at home. Best practices for delivery of patient/family education after a new diagnosis of childhood cancer are currently unknown. The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the existing body of evidence to determine the current state of knowledge regarding the delivery of education to newly diagnosed pediatric oncology patients and families. Eighty-three articles regarding educational methods, content, influencing factors, and interventions for newly diagnosed pediatric patients with cancer or other chronic illnesses were systematically identified, summarized, and appraised according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation criteria. Based on the evidence, 10 recommendations for practice were identified. These recommendations address delivery methods, content, influencing factors, and educational interventions for parents and siblings. Transferring these recommendations into practice may enhance the quality of education delivered by health care providers and received by patients and families following a new diagnosis of childhood cancer.
Risk Factors for Hospitalization of Home Hospice Enrollees Development and Validation of a Predictive Tool
Authors: Phongtankuel Veerawat , Johnson P. , Reid M. C. , Adelman R. D. , Grinspan Z. , Unruh M. A. , Abramson E.
Published: July 2016

Background:

Over 10% of hospice patients experience at least 1 care transition 6 months prior to death. Transitions at the end of life, particularly from hospice to hospital, result in burdensome and fragmented care for patients and families. Little is known about factors that predict hospitalization in this population.

Objectives:

To develop and validate a model predictive of hospitalization after enrollment into home hospice using prehospice admission risk factors.

Design:

Retrospective cohort study using Medicare fee-for-service claims.

Participants:

Patients enrolled into the Medicare hospice benefit were ≥18 years old in 2012.

Outcome Measured:

Hospitalization within 2 days from a hospice discharge.

Results:

We developed a predictive model using 61 947 hospice enrollments, of which 3347 (5.4%) underwent a hospitalization. Seven variables were associated with hospitalization: age 18 to 55 years old (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 2.94 [2.41-3.59]), black race (2.13 [1.93-2.34]), east region (1.97 [1.73-2.24]), a noncancer diagnosis (1.32 [1.21-1.45]), 4 or more chronic conditions (8.11 [7.19-9.14]), 2 or more prior hospice enrollments (1.75 [1.35-2.26]), and enrollment in a not-for-profit hospice (2.01 [1.86-2.18]). A risk scoring tool ranging from 0 to 29 was developed, and a cutoff score of 18 identified hospitalized patients with a positive predictive value of 22%.

Conclusions:

Reasons for hospitalization among home hospice patients are complex. Patients who are younger, belong to a minority group, and have a greater number of chronic conditions are at increased odds of hospitalization. Our newly developed predictive tool identifies patients at risk for hospitalization and can serve as a benchmark for future model development.
Yoga and Loss
Authors: Stirling Fiona J.
Published: July 2016

The author explores her experience of yoga as a therapeutic tool in recovering from the impact of losing a close friend to suicide. The benefits of yoga include improved emotional self-regulation, a more positive relationship with self, and the emergence of a new personal physical reality. An autoethnographical approach permits a necessarily ambiguous and messy in-depth exploration of yoga as a resource for well-being. Nevertheless, it is hoped that it will serve as a means of promoting further study into the role of cultural resources, particularly body-based practices, as means of coming to terms with traumatic loss.
A viscoelastic–viscoplastic constitutive model considering damage evolution for time dependent materials: Application to asphalt mixes
Authors: Shahsavari Hamid , Naghdabadi Reza , Baghani Mostafa , Sohrabpour Saeed
Published: July 2016

In this paper, employing the definition of an effective configuration in the continuum damage mechanics, mechanical response of a compressible viscoelastic–viscoplastic material is investigated. We present a phenomenological viscoelastic–viscoplastic–viscodamage constitutive model, developed within the framework of irreversible thermodynamics. The formulation is based on the additive decomposition of the total strain into elastic, viscoelastic, and viscoplastic parts in the effective configuration. Thus, the Helmholtz energy is partitioned into elastic, elastic–viscoelastic, and viscoplastic parts. Then, each one is divided into deviatoric and volumetric energies. Considering the Clausius–Duhem inequality and Drucker–Prager potential function, the effective stress and effective viscoelastic and viscoplastic strain evolution equations are achieved. A damage evolution equation is proposed in the form of a prescribed function. Then, utilizing the semi-implicit discretization method, all the internal variables are found in each increment. The material parameters are calibrated using the creep and creep-recovery tests in the literature. Finally, capability of the proposed model is demonstrated using the model prediction of creep-recovery and repeated creep-recovery tests compared with the experimental data available in the literature for asphalt mixes, where a good agreement is revealed.
Pseudoangiomatous Stromal Hyperplasia in Core Needle Biopsies of Breast Specimens
Authors: Kelten Talu Canan , Boyaci Ceren , Leblebici Cem , Hacihasanoglu Ezgi , Bozkurt Erol Rustu
Published: July 2016

Background: Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH) is a benign lesion of myofibroblasts that is composed of a network of slit-like channels that resemble vascular spaces. The aims of this study were to document the frequency of PASH in core needle biopsy specimens (CNBS) of the breast, to describe which histopathologic findings coexist with PASH and to examine any endothelial cell differentiation. Materials and Methods: We reevaluated hematoxylin and eosin–stained sections of all CNBS that were obtained during a 1-year period. First, we performed CD34 and CD31 immunostainings to highlight the areas of PASH, then performed D2-40/podoplanin (lymphatic endothelial marker) and Fli-1 (vascular endothelial cell marker) immunostains. Results: The total number of CNBS was 412. Areas of PASH were noted in 37 of the 412 cases (9%), with a mean age of 38.5 years. The lesions that were described in association with PASH were “benign breast parenchyma with stromal fibrosis” (17/37; 46%), “fibroepithelial tumors” (17/37; 46%), “columnar cell changes (CCC)” (2/37; 5%), and “invasive carcinoma” (1/37; 3%). There were 2 cases of CCC within the foci of PASH (direct contact with PASH), and 8 additional cases of CCC that coexisted in the same specimen but were not in direct contact. There was no staining for D2-40 or Fli-1 within PASH foci. Conclusion: PASH lesions occurred with a frequency of 9% in CNBS and were mostly in association with benign breast lesions in premenopausal women. CCC was determined as an accompanying epithelial lesion within or near PASH areas. No obvious immunopositivity compatible with endothelial cell differentiation was revealed.
The Mobility Inventory for Agoraphobia Avoidance Alone Scale: Factor Structure and Psychometric Properties of Subscales
Authors: Hoffart Asle , Øktedalen Tuva , Ulvenes Pål , Johnson Sverre Urnes
Published: July 2016

In this study, we investigated the factor structure of situational fears in agoraphobia by examining four models of the Avoidance Alone items in the Mobility Inventory for Agoraphobia. A main sample of 327 agoraphobic patients and an independent control sample of 64 agoraphobic patients were studied. A confirmatory factor analysis supported a four-factor model including a public places, an enclosed spaces, a public transportation, and an open spaces factor both for pre- and posttreatment data. The convergent and divergent validity of subscales derived from the four factors were supported by an expected pattern of correlations with interview-based measures. These subscales also proved to have satisfactory internal consistencies in the independent sample.
Comparing Two Short Forms of the Hewitt–Flett Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale
Authors: Stoeber Joachim
Published: July 2016

Hewitt and Flett’s 45-item Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale is a widely used instrument to assess self-oriented, other-oriented, and socially prescribed perfectionism. With 45 items, it is not overly lengthy, but there are situations where a short form is useful. Analyzing data from four samples, this article compares two frequently used 15-item short forms of the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale—Cox et al.’s and Hewitt et al.’s—by examining to what degree their scores replicate the original version’s correlations with various personality characteristics (e.g., traits, social goals, personal/interpersonal orientations). Regarding self-oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism, both short forms performed well. Regarding other-oriented perfectionism, however, Cox et al.’s short form (exclusively composed of negatively worded items) performed less well than Hewitt et al.’s (which contains no negatively worded items). It is recommended that researchers use Hewitt et al.’s short form to assess other-oriented perfectionism rather than Cox et al.’s.
Externalizing Behavior Across Childhood as Reported by Parents and Teachers: A Partial Measurement Invariance Model
Authors: King Kevin M. , Luk Jeremy W. , Witkiewitz Katie , Racz Sarah , McMahon Robert J. , Wu Johnny ,   Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group
Published: July 2016

The externalizing spectrum may explain covariation among externalizing disorders observed in childhood and adulthood. Few prospective studies have examined whether externalizing spectrum might manifest differently across time, reporters, and gender during childhood. We used a multitrait, multimethod model with parent and teacher report of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms, and conduct disorder (CD)symptoms from kindergarten to Grade 5 in data from the Fast Track Project, a large multisite trial for children at risk for conduct problems ( n = 754). The externalizing spectrum was stably related to ADHD, ODD, and CD symptoms from kindergarten to Grade 5, with similar contributions from parents and teachers. Configural, metric, and scalar invariance were largely supported across time, suggesting that the structure of the externalizing spectrum is stable over time. Configural and partial metric invariance were supported across gender, but scalar invariance was not supported, with intercepts consistently higher for males than for females. Overall, our findings confirm other research that the externalizing spectrum can be observed early in development as covariation between ADHD, ODD, and CD, and extend that work to show that it is relatively consistent across time and reporter, but not consistent across gender.
Dissident Dietary Credibility
Authors: Leenen Melanie , Penders Bart
Published: July 2016

This article investigates the ways in which food author Verburgh has attempted to engineer credibility for himself, his book The Food Hourglass, and the arguments it contains. Through a careful reading and analysis of the text, interviews with the author, and other “credibility conquest” participants, we show that Verburgh engineers credibility through enlisting the authority of science, questioning the integrity of others, and positioning himself as a dissident. This initiates a constant renegotiation of credibility in the interaction between Verburgh, nutrition scientists, and others, in which Verburgh actively constructs his public credibility at the expense of scientific credibility.
An Indigenous Research Narrative: Ethics and Protocols Over Time and Space
Authors: Cole Peter
Published: July 2016

This narrative begins in 1950, a conversation between Sam Jim, an Indigenous Elder in British Columbia (BC), and a university professor researching Sam’s community. Sam troubles the privileging of Western thinking, knowledge, values, and practices. The story fast-forwards to a contemporary research partnership between an Indigenous researcher, the same BC Indigenous community and an Indigenous community in Peru. Each community faces different struggles in protecting their lands from resource extraction and in regenerating traditional ecological knowledges for future generations. They meet these challenges by reviving their traditional knowledges and practices, including human and more-than-human interrelationships and interdependencies. The communities have different cosmologies, histories, geographies, languages, economies, and socio-political contexts. This requires research methodologies and methods that acknowledge the challenges and opportunities of working across different contexts toward more complex, culturally inclusive possibilities for living together on a shared planet.
Cultural Assets and Substance Use Among Hispanic Adolescents
Authors: Ma Mindy , Malcolm Lydia R. , Díaz-Albertini Kristine , Sánchez Juan Carlos , Simpson Brett , Cortes Lissette , Kibler Jeffrey L.
Published: July 2016

Research on cultural factors and substance use among Hispanic adolescents has focused primarily on acculturation, while specific core Hispanic values and attributes have received minimal attention. The objective of the current study was to examine the relationship between traditional Hispanic cultural assets and substance use among adolescents. A purposive sample of 225 Hispanic adolescents (47% male) aged 13 to 16 years were recruited from community venues (e.g., park, school, mall) in a predominately Hispanic neighborhood. Participants completed a survey to assess cultural factors (familism, simpatía, respeto, and ethnic pride) and substance use in the past 3 months (alcohol and drug). Point-biserial correlations revealed significant associations of alcohol and drug use with greater familism (family connectedness), simpatía (interpersonal relationship harmony), and respeto (respect). Two stepwise binary logistic regressions were performed to evaluate the independent association between the cultural factors and substance use. The interaction of gender with each cultural factor was examined in both analyses. Simpatía emerged as the only cultural factor independently associated with alcohol use. Greater simpatía was related to abstention from alcohol. Both simpatía and familism independently correlated with drug use. Stronger endorsements of simpatía and familism were associated with absence from drug use. Interactions between cultural factors and gender were not observed. Simpatía emerged as the strongest cultural asset that may confer protection against substance use. If replicated, our results suggest substance prevention programs targeting Hispanic adolescents may benefit from the inclusion of cultural assets in the intervention paradigm.
Hepatic Overexpression of Annexin A1 and A2 in Thioacetamide-Primed Mice Protects Them Against Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Failure and Death
Authors: Dadhania Vivekkumar P. , Muskhelishvili Levan , Latendresse John R. , Mehendale Harihara M.
Published: July 2016

Compensatory tissue repair (CTR) in thioacetamide (TA)-primed rats protects them against acetaminophen (APAP)-induced lethality. This study was aimed at investigating the mechanisms of CTR-mediated heteroprotection in mice. Male Swiss Webster mice received a priming dose of TA (40 mg/kg body weight [BW] in 10 mL distilled water [DW]/kg BW, intraperitoneally [IP]). Thioacetamide-induced liver injury, CTR, and expression of annexin A1 and A2 (ANX1 and ANX2), the endogenous inhibitors of the death protein secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2), were measured over a time course of 84 hours after TA priming. Both centrilobular necrosis and CTR peaked at 36 hours after TA priming as indicated by significantly increased plasma alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) activities, liver histology, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunostaining. Thioacetamide priming resulted in the overexpression of ANX1 and ANX2 at 36 to 84 hours and 12 to 60 hours, respectively. A lethal dose of APAP (600 mg/kg BW in 10 mL 0.45% NaCl/kg BW, IP) was given at 12, 24, or 36 hours after TA-priming. Thioacetamide priming did not affect the rise in plasma ALT, AST, sPLA2, and arachidonic acid levels seen at 2 hours after the APAP overdose. Neither these biochemical parameters nor histology suggested any escalation of hepatic injury at later time points (12 and 24 hours after APAP overdose), consistent with 100% survival of the TA + APAP-treated mice compared to DW + APAP-treated mice, which had 100% mortality. Inhibition of ANX1 and ANX2 biosynthesis using cycloheximide (40 mg/kg BW in 5 mL DW/kg BW, IP) abolished this heteroprotection. Our data indicate that hepatic overexpression of ANX1 and ANX2 inhibits APAP-induced expansion of liver injury.
Nanowire reinforcement of woven composites for enhancing interlaminar fracture toughness
Authors: Castellanos AG , Islam MS , Shuvo MAI , Lin Y , Prabhakar P
Published: July 2016

A novel technique to improve the Mode I and Mode II interlaminar fracture toughness of woven carbon-fiber polymer matrix composite face sheets using zinc oxide nanowires is proposed. Zinc oxide nanowires are directionally synthesized on dry carbon fabrics that are used to manufacture the laminate. The influence of zinc oxide nanowires on interlaminar fracture toughness is compared against regular interfaces using double cantilever beam and end-notched flexure tests to provide fracture toughness values. A significant improvement in the Mode I and Mode II interlaminar fracture toughness values is observed with zinc oxide nanowires. Therefore, zinc oxide nanowire interlaminar reinforcement has been proven to enhance the interlaminar fracture toughness of textile composites.
Modeling and experimental analysis of polypropylene honeycomb multi-layer sandwich composites under four-point bending
Authors: Arbaoui Jamal , Moustabchir Hassane , Pruncu Catalin I , Schmitt Yves
Published: July 2016

The behavior of a simple and innovative multi-layer sandwich panels having a polypropylene honeycomb core has been investigated carefully, theoretically and experimentally. A four-point bending test was performed to detect the mechanical characteristics of the multi-layer core. The experimental results emphasize a better rigidity of the multi-layer structure compared to the weakness displayed by the single-layer configuration. In fact, a small increase in the final weight of the component leads to a significant increase of the mechanical properties. In the second part of this study, analytical and numerical homogenization approaches were developed to compute the effective properties of the single polypropylene honeycomb core. The numerical model complies with the experimental protocol, and the simulation conducted is aiming to reproduce a typical four-point bending test on a polypropylene honeycomb multi-layer sandwich panel. Both numerical and experimental results are presented in details and a good correlation between them is highlighted.
Quality of life in patients receiving telemedicine enhanced chronic heart failure disease management: A meta-analysis
Authors: Knox Liam , Rahman Rachel J , Beedie Chris
Published: July 2016

Background

Previous reviews have investigated the effectiveness of telemedicine in the treatment of heart failure (HF). Dependent variables have included hospitalisations, mortality rates, disease knowledge and health costs. Few reviews, however, have examined the variable of health-related quality of life (QoL).

Methods

Randomised controlled trials comparing the delivery methods of any form of telemedicine with usual care for the provision of HF disease-management were identified via searches of all relevant databases and reference lists. Studies had to report a quantitative measure for mental, physical or overall QoL in order to be included.

Results

A total of 33 studies were identified. However, poor reporting of data resulted in the exclusion of seven, leaving 26 studies with 7066 participants. Three separate, random effects meta-analyses were conducted for mental, physical and overall QoL. Telemedicine was not significantly more effective than usual care on mental and physical QoL (standardised mean difference (SMD) 0.03, (95% confidence interval (CI) −0.05–0.12), p = 0.45 and SMD 0.24, (95% CI −0.08–0.56), p = 0.14, respectively). However, when compared to usual care, telemedicine was associated with a small significant increase in overall QoL (SMD 0.23, (95% CI 0.09–0.37), p = 0.001). Moderator analyses indicated that telemedicine delivered over a long-duration (≥52 weeks) and via telemonitoring was most beneficial.

Conclusion

Compared to usual care, telemedicine significantly increases overall QoL in patients receiving HF disease management. Statistically non-significant but nonetheless positive trends were also observed for physical QoL. These findings provide preliminary support for the use of telemedicine in the management of heart failure without jeopardising patient well-being.
Changes in lifestyle upon diagnosis of cancer or other chronic illnesses: A Turkish Oncology Group study
Authors: Turhal Nazim Serdar , Akinci Figen , Haciabdullahoglu Yasemin , Dolmaci Makbule , Sari Ayse , Gurhan Nermin , Mutlu Aylin , Ozdemir Feyyaz , Artac Mehmet , Kilickap Saadettin ,   On behalf of the Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Committee of Turkish Oncology Group
Published: July 2016

Cancer, like other chronic illnesses, changes the patients’ way of living significantly. Although some may think, for instance, that religiousness would increase with the diagnosis of cancer, no previous studies have been performed in the Turkish society to confirm this. We, as the Turkish Oncology Group, conducted a survey in seven different oncology centres, representing a large majority of Turkey, to investigate how patients’ lifestyles changed following a cancer diagnosis; we used dialysis patients as a chronic illness control group. The study findings showed how changes in spiritual practices are completely in line with what is observed in other chronic illnesses. These findings may help to address cancer patients’ needs and facilitate resource allocation accordingly.
‘I just think it’s dirty and lazy’: Fat surveillance and erotic capital
Authors: Winch Alison
Published: July 2016

Contextualized within the UK mediascape, this article discusses how fat signifies the classed failures of neoliberalism. Because class aspiration, entrepreneurialism and the myth of the competitive individual are pivotal to the political economy of neoliberalism, fat is increasingly and vehemently vilified as abject across media platforms. Fat-surveillance media, which are marketed specifically to women by their visuals, gendered community, language and structures of feeling, participate in a ‘gynaeopticon’ where the controlling gaze is female, and the many women regulate the many women. Rather than being a top-down form of governance and discipline such as in the panopticon, control is affectively devolved among systems or networks of the policing gaze. As well as monitoring women along the lines of class, I argue that these media circumscribe the de-individualizing possibilities and passions of the libido.
‘I like the way you move’: Theorizing fat, black and sexy
Authors: Patterson-Faye Courtney J
Published: July 2016

Moving past conceptualizations of ‘mammy,’ this article discusses fat black female sexuality through experiences of black women in the plus size fashion world. I posit that these women, their clothing, and their bodies’ movement underneath their clothing, subvert previous notions of fatness, blackness and sexuality. By mapping a black feminist lens onto sexual script theory, I analyze in-depth interviews with plus size models, bloggers and designers to show that fat black women and their utilization of clothing both embody and reject mammy, regard sexuality as public and private enterprises of self-reclamation, and subscribe to and complicate cultural norms of fat black (a)sexuality.
Echoing flesh: The ‘voluminous body’ in heterosexual hard core
Authors: Hester Helen
Published: July 2016

This article examines the representation of fatness in heterosexual hard-core pornography whilst exploring both the usefulness and potential limitations of applying Jean François Lyotard’s ideas about the ‘voluminous body’ to this topic. The article reflects critically upon the supposedly transgressive potential of the fat cis female body in adult entertainment and, using examples from BBW (Big Beautiful Women) pornography, reflects upon the ways in which the fat female form can generate a distinctive aesthetic vocabulary for the screening of sexual sensation – a vocabulary that lends itself to the representation of (supposedly) allusive non-phallic affects. Ultimately, however, the article expresses scepticism about the subversive possibilities of much BBW pornography, and urges against any reading of this material that positions it as inherently radical, disruptive, or queer.
Fucking failures: The future of fat sex
Authors: White Francis Ray
Published: July 2016

In the context of the obesity ‘epidemic’ fat people’s sex lives are cast as sterile, sexually dysfunctional or just plain non-existent. This article analyzes medical discourses of obesity and sex in order to argue that fat sex is constructed as a type of failure. Using insights from antisocial queer theory, fat sex is further shown to be queer in its failure to adhere to the specifically heteronormative dictates of what Edelman (2004) calls ‘reproductive futurism’. The analysis finally engages with Halberstam’s (2011) notion of queer failure to demonstrate how deconstructing notions of success and failure might offer fat political projects new ways to imagine the future of fat sex.
Fat male sexuality: The monster in the maze
Authors: Harker C Marie
Published: July 2016

This article explores cinematic and televisual representations of fat male sexuality; rare in mainstream culture, the few depictions foreground abject embodiment to monstrous effect. From tabloid accounts of the Fatty Arbuckle rape trial to the grotesque Highlander Fat Bastard, fat male sexuality paradoxically doesn't exist and in existing, pollutes. This over-determined representation as monstrous and threatening yet simultaneously failed and incapable points to the semiotic threat of fat masculinity: in a system where fat embodiment is marked as feminine, the fat maleness that refuses to occupy the position of feminized, passive quasi-male, reveals the simplicity of gender categories as cultural fictions.
Spanish heritage speakers in the Netherlands: Linguistic patterns in the judgment and production of mood
Authors: van Osch Brechje , Sleeman Petra
Published: July 2016

Purpose:

This study investigates heritage speakers of Spanish in the Netherlands regarding their knowledge of Spanish mood. Previous research has demonstrated that heritage speakers of Spanish in the US have problems with mood, especially subjunctive mood and particularly in contexts where choice of mood is variable and depends on semantic and pragmatic factors. Moreover, heritage speakers are often reported to experience fewer problems with oral production tasks tapping into implicit knowledge than with judgment tasks targeting metalinguistic knowledge. This study aims to investigate whether these patterns can be confirmed for heritage speakers of Spanish in the Netherlands.

Methodology:

In all, 17 heritage speakers from the Netherlands and 18 monolingual speakers of Spanish completed a contextualized elicited production task. Each item contained a context targeting either indicative or subjunctive mood. Below each context followed the beginning of a sentence which the participants were instructed to complete. Both obligatory and variable uses of mood were included. The results were compared to findings from a contextualized scalar acceptability judgment task described in an earlier study using the same conditions and the same participants.

Data and analysis:

All responses were coded as felicitous or infelicitous given the accompanying context and were analyzed using mixed effects modeling. The results demonstrate that the heritage speakers are less accurate in their choice of mood than monolingual speakers, particularly on subjunctive mood and in variable contexts. Furthermore, heritage speakers deviated more from the monolingual patterns in the production task than in the judgment task.

Findings/conclusion:

These results confirm several patterns attested for heritage speakers of Spanish in the US, namely the increased vulnerability of subjunctive mood and in contexts where mood is not obligatorily selected. However, in contrast to previous literature, this study reports better performance on a metalinguistic judgment task than on an oral production task. This finding is attributed to differences in societal circumstances between both heritage speaker populations.

Implications of the research:

This study confirms the heterogeneity of heritage speakers as a population and emphasizes the importance of taking societal circumstances into consideration.