bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relative effects of arable land-use, farming system and agri-environment schemes on landscape-scale farmland bird assemblages
Authors: Bosco Laura , Lehikoinen Aleksi , Piha Markus , Seimola Tuomas , Tiainen Juha , Ekroos Johan
Published: May 2024

Context

Farmland biodiversity has been declining because of agricultural intensification and landscape simplification. Many farmland birds breeding in non-crop habitats use arable land as their feeding habitat (and vice versa) and understanding habitat composition and configuration at the landscape scale is important for their conservation.

Objectives

We explored the relationship between farmland bird densities and land-use characteristics at a landscape-scale (mean size 235 ha) to reveal the most important land-use elements driving avian farmland abundance.

Methods

We used bird territory mapping from 36 study landscapes across Finland to study relationships between densities of total farmland birds, open field species, edge species, farmyard species, and Farmland Bird Indicator (FBI) species, and multiple descriptors of the composition and configuration of the study landscape mosaics, reflecting the full range of available crop types, farmland structures, non-crop habitat types, and soil type.

Results

Densities of farmland birds increased with greater areas of leys and pastures, subsidized grasslands, habitat diversity, and farmyards with animals, and those effects were consistently stronger compared to effects of non-crop habitats. Positive effects of the relative area of leys and pastures in the landscape was most often consistent in the species-specific models, whereas species-level responses to other landscape characteristics were idiosyncratic, reflecting the variety of the species’ ecologies and habitat requirements.

Conclusions

We demonstrate that overall habitat diversity, and habitat elements like subsidized grasslands, pastures, and farmsteads with animal production support higher bird diversity at the level of landscape mosaics. Our results suggest that studies based on field-scale study units need to be complemented with landscape-scale studies to reveal a holistic understanding of land-use intervention impacts on farmland birds.
Probabilistic grammars for modeling dynamical systems from coarse, noisy, and partial data
Authors: Omejc Nina , Gec Boštjan , Brence Jure , Todorovski Ljupčo , Džeroski Sašo
Published: May 2024

Ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are a widely used formalism for the mathematical modeling of dynamical systems, a task omnipresent in scientific domains. The paper introduces a novel method for inferring ODEs from data, which extends ProGED, a method for equation discovery that allows users to formalize domain-specific knowledge as probabilistic context-free grammars and use it for constraining the space of candidate equations. The extended method can discover ODEs from partial observations of dynamical systems, where only a subset of state variables can be observed. To evaluate the performance of the newly proposed method, we perform a systematic empirical comparison with alternative state-of-the-art methods for equation discovery and system identification from complete and partial observations. The comparison uses Dynobench, a set of ten dynamical systems that extends the standard Strogatz benchmark. We compare the ability of the considered methods to reconstruct the known ODEs from synthetic data simulated at different temporal resolutions. We also consider data with different levels of noise, i.e., signal-to-noise ratios. The improved ProGED compares favourably to state-of-the-art methods for inferring ODEs from data regarding reconstruction abilities and robustness to data coarseness, noise, and completeness.
Exploiting residual errors in nonlinear online prediction
Authors: Ilhan Emirhan , Koc Ahmet B. , Kozat Suleyman S.
Published: May 2024

We introduce a novel online (or sequential) nonlinear prediction approach that incorporates the residuals, i.e., prediction errors in the past observations, as additional features for the current data. Including the past error terms in an online prediction algorithm naturally improves prediction performance significantly since this information is essential for an algorithm to adjust itself based on its past errors. These terms are well exploited in many linear statistical models such as ARMA, SES, and Holts-Winters models. However, the past error terms are rarely or in a certain sense not optimally exploited in nonlinear prediction models since training them requires complex nonlinear state-space modeling. To this end, for the first time in the literature, we introduce a nonlinear prediction framework that utilizes not only the current features but also the past error terms as additional features, thereby exploiting the residual state information in the error terms, i.e., the model’s performance on the past samples. Since the new feature vectors contain error terms that change with every update, our algorithm jointly optimizes the model parameters and the feature vectors simultaneously. We achieve this by introducing new update equations that handle the effects resulting from the changes in the feature vectors in an online manner. We use soft decision trees and neural networks as the nonlinear prediction algorithms since these are the most widely used methods in highly publicized competitions. However, as we show, our methods are generic and any algorithm supporting gradient calculations can be straightforwardly used. We show through our experiments on the well-known real-life competition datasets that our method significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art. We also provide the implementation of our approach including the source code to facilitate reproducibility (https://github.com/ahmetberkerkoc/SDT-ARMA).
Pure reaction automata
Authors: Ascone Rocco , Bernardini Giulia , Formenti Enrico , Leiter Francesco , Manzoni Luca
Published: May 2024

This work introduces the new class of pure reaction automata, as well as a new update manner, called maximal reactive manner, that can also be applied to standard reaction automata. Pure reaction automata differ from the standard model in that they don’t have permanence: the entities that are not consumed by the reactions happening at a certain state are not conserved in the result states. We prove that the set of languages accepted by the new class under the maximal reactive manner contains the set of languages accepted by standard reaction automata under the same manner or under the maximal parallel manner. We also prove that a strict subclass of pure reaction automata can compute any partial recursive function.
A Thematic Literature Review on International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS)
Authors: Scannell Sean , Tawiah Vincent
Published: May 2024

This paper is a thematic review of the existing literature on International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS) between 2000 and 2023. The review finds various advantages associated with the high adoption rates in the literature in the developed world. It also identified challenges associated with implementation and the effects of the cash-basis standard in developing countries. The study finds that uniform application may not be feasible at this stage of the diffusion process given the inherent limitations in developing countries. This review also provides a platform for identifying strands of the literature which have been underexplored and require further studies.
Lifespan regulation by targeting heme signaling in yeast
Authors: Patnaik Praveen K. , Nady Nour , Barlit Hanna , Gülhan Ali , Labunskyy Vyacheslav M.
Published: May 2024

Heme is an essential prosthetic group that serves as a co-factor and a signaling molecule. Heme levels decline with age, and its deficiency is associated with multiple hallmarks of aging, including anemia, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. Dysregulation of heme homeostasis has been also implicated in aging in model organisms suggesting that heme may play an evolutionarily conserved role in controlling lifespan. However, the underlying mechanisms and whether heme homeostasis can be targeted to promote healthy aging remain unclear. Here, we used Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model to investigate the role of heme in aging. For this, we have engineered a heme auxotrophic yeast strain expressing a plasma membrane-bound heme permease from Caenorhabditis elegans (ceHRG-4). This system can be used to control intracellular heme levels independently of the biosynthetic enzymes by manipulating heme concentration in the media. We observed that heme supplementation leads to a significant extension of yeast replicative lifespan. Our findings revealed that the effect of heme on lifespan is independent of the Hap4 transcription factor. Surprisingly, heme-supplemented cells had impaired growth on YPG medium, which requires mitochondrial respiration to be used, suggesting that these cells are respiratory deficient. Together, our results demonstrate that heme homeostasis is fundamentally important for aging biology, and manipulating heme levels can be used as a promising therapeutic target for promoting longevity.
RNA modifications in the progression of liver diseases: from fatty liver to cancer
Authors: Li Simiao , Mehal Wajahat Z. , Ouyang Xinshou
Published: May 2024

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as a prominent global health concern associated with high risk of metabolic syndrome, and has impacted a substantial segment of the population. The disease spectrum ranges from simple fatty liver to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and is increasingly becoming a prevalent indication for liver transplantation. The existing therapeutic options for NAFLD, NASH, and HCC are limited, underscoring the urgent need for innovative treatment strategies. Insights into gene expression, particularly RNA modifications such as N6 methyladenosine (m6A), hold promising avenues for interventions. These modifications play integral roles in RNA metabolism and cellular functions, encompassing the entire NAFLD-NASH-HCC progression. This review will encompass recent insights on diverse RNA modifications, including m6A, pseudouridine (ψ), N1-methyladenosine (m1A), and 5-methylcytidine (m5C) across various RNA species. It will uncover their significance in crucial aspects such as steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis, and tumorigenesis. Furthermore, prospective research directions and therapeutic implications will be explored, advancing our comprehensive understanding of the intricate interconnected nature of these pathological conditions.
Changes in Symptoms and General Well-being After Reversal of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: A Questionnaire Survey
Authors: Gribsholt Sigrid B. , Madsen Lene R. , Poulsen Inge M. , Bruun Jens M. , Richelsen Bjørn
Published: May 2024

Purpose

After Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), few patients develop severe complications, which ultimately may require reversal of RYGB. We aimed to examine the effect of reversal of RYGB on symptoms and well-being.

Materials and Methods

Via contact to medical and surgical departments treating patients with RYGB, we identified 18 patients, who had undergone reversal, 2009–2019. We conducted a Danish, nationwide questionnaire survey concerning symptoms before and after reversal of the RYGB including the patients’ own perceptions of their well-being.

Results

Fourteen patients responded to the questionnaire (86% female; median age at RYGB, 36.2 years [IQR, 30.9–38.6 years]). The median time from RYGB to reversal was 5.8 years (IQR, 5.1–7.5 years). After RYGB, 13 patients (93%) reported abdominal pain, while 12 patients still had abdominal pain after reversal. Six out of 11 patients (45%) reported complete remission of dumping/post-bariatric hypoglycemia (PBH) after reversal. Malabsorption disappeared in 10 out of 11 patients (90%). Reversal had minor effect on neuropathy. The median weight loss from RYGB was 61 kg (IQR, 56–75 kg), while the median weight regain after reversal was 30 kg (IQR, 13–46 kg). Regarding the well-being, 72 of the patients felt better or much better after reversal.

Conclusion

In total, 72% of the patients felt better or much better after reversal of RYGB, though some still had RYGB-related symptoms. The reversal relieved dumping/PBH and malabsorption, but not abdominal pain and neuropathy. Finally, half of the weight loss was regained after reversal. Reversal of RYGB may be an option in highly selected cases.

Graphical Abstract
Current Therapies and Future Horizons in Cardiac Amyloidosis Treatment
Authors: Vogel Julia , Carpinteiro Alexander , Luedike Peter , Buehning Florian , Wernhart Simon , Rassaf Tienush , Michel Lars
Published: May 2024

Purpose of Review

Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is a condition characterized by misfolding and extracellular deposition of proteins, leading to organ dysfunction. While numerous forms of CA exist, two subtypes dominate clinical prevalence: Transthyretin amyloid (ATTR) and immunoglobulin light chain amyloid.

Recent Findings

The current scientific landscape reflects the urgency to advance therapeutic interventions with over 100 ongoing clinical trials. Heart failure treatment is affected by CA phenotype with poor tolerance of otherwise frequently used medications. Treating comorbidities including atrial fibrillation and valvular disease remains a challenge in CA, driven by technical difficulties and uncertain outcomes. Tafamidis is the first ATTR-stabilizer approved with a rapidly growing rate of clinical use. In parallel, various new therapeutic classes are in late-stage clinical trials including silencers, antibodies and genetic therapy.

Managing CA is a critical challenge for future heart failure care. This review delineates the current standard-of-care and scientific landscape of CA therapy.
Cerebral Autoregulation: A Target for Improving Neurological Outcomes in Extracorporeal Life Support
Authors: Chalifoux Nolan , Ko Tiffany , Slovis Julia , Spelde Audrey , Kilbaugh Todd , Mavroudis Constantine D.
Published: May 2024

Despite improvements in survival after illnesses requiring extracorporeal life support, cerebral injury continues to hinder successful outcomes. Cerebral autoregulation (CA) is an innate protective mechanism that maintains constant cerebral blood flow in the face of varying systemic blood pressure. However, it is impaired in certain disease states and, potentially, following initiation of extracorporeal circulatory support. In this review, we first discuss patient-related factors pertaining to venovenous and venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and their potential role in CA impairment. Next, we examine factors intrinsic to ECMO that may affect CA, such as cannulation, changes in pulsatility, the inflammatory and adaptive immune response, intracranial hemorrhage, and ischemic stroke, in addition to ECMO management factors, such as oxygenation, ventilation, flow rates, and blood pressure management. We highlight potential mechanisms that lead to disruption of CA in both pediatric and adult populations, the challenges of measuring CA in these patients, and potential associations with neurological outcome. Altogether, we discuss individualized CA monitoring as a potential target for improving neurological outcomes in extracorporeal life support.
Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: effect of graft type and gender on early to mid-term clinical outcomes
Authors: Mann O. , Al-Dadah O.
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is a debilitating condition and often requires surgery to restore joint stability. Common autografts used for reconstruction include patella tendon and hamstring tendons. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the early to mid-term clinical outcomes of ACL reconstruction using validated patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). The secondary aim was to compare clinical outcomes between patella tendon and hamstring tendon autografts. The tertiary aim was to compare clinical outcomes between males and females.

Methods

Patients with an ACL rupture were evaluated before and after surgery using PROM scores which included Lysholm, Tegner, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Short Form-12 Item (SF-12) and EQ-5D-5L.

Results

A total of 87 patients were included in the study. All PROM scores significantly improved following surgery (p < 0.001) at a mean follow-up time of 28 months (range 12 to 88 months). The patella tendon subgroup (n = 27) had superior post-operative results as compared to the hamstring tendon subgroup (n = 60) for KOOS sport and recreation (p = 0.005), KOOS quality of life (p = 0.025), KOOS overall (p = 0.026), Tegner (p = 0.046) and IKDC (p = 0.021) scores. There was no significant difference of PROM scores between males (n = 60) and females (n = 27) (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

ACL reconstruction significantly improves clinical outcomes for patients with symptomatic instability consequent to ACL rupture. Overall, patella tendon autograft resulted in better clinical outcomes as compared to hamstring tendon autograft following surgery. Gender did not influence clinical outcome following ACL reconstruction.
Management of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ: Opportunities for De-Escalation of Surgery, Radiation, and Treatment
Authors: Siegel Emily L. , Carr Azadeh A.
Published: May 2024

Purpose of Review

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) accounts for roughly 25% of all new breast cancer diagnoses. Mortality from DCIS is low and has not significantly changed despite modern, aggressive care. This review will highlight the multiple strategies which are being proposed to de-escalate care, including foregoing sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB).

Recent Findings

Under 5% of patients undergoing SLNB for DCIS have a positive lymph node, therefore the use of SLNB has been questioned and may be able to be foregone. In addition, recent genomic assays evaluating the benefit of radiation (Oncotype DCIS®, DCISionRT®), have elucidated a group of patients who may not need radiotherapy after breast conservation for DCIS. Finally, the option of foregoing all local treatment and instead focusing on active surveillance is being evaluated in multiple randomized clinical trials including LORIS, LORD and COMET.

Data regarding whether SLNB can be safely omitted and the outcomes of the growing utilization of genomic assays and “watchful waiting” clinical trials remain forthcoming.
Biological maturity and relative age effects in German age-group swimming
Authors: Staub Ilka , Cramer Leoni , Bieder Andreas , Vogt Tobias
Published: May 2024

Relative age effects (RAE) refer to a skewed distribution with an overrepresentation of athletes born close to the selection date. The prevalence of RAE has been repeatedly demonstrated in youth swimming. Additionally, being more mature within an age group is associated with consistent selection advantages. The present study aims to determine (1) the prevalence and magnitude of RAE in youth swimming and (2) the relation to anthropometry and biological maturity status. The study included 650 swimmers (male n = 273, age 11.00 ± 1.27 years; female n = 377, age 11.00 ± 1.25 years). The dates of birth were split into four birth quartiles (Q). The maturity status was assessed using equations to estimate the age of peak height velocity (APHV). χ2 tests and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used for statistical analyses. The χ2 tests have shown significant RAE with medium effect sizes (ES; p < 0.001, 0.18 < V < 0.20) for male and female athletes. Also, the results have shown significant RAE with medium effect sizes (ES; p < 0.001, 0.18 < V < 0.20). ANOVA has not revealed significant differences regarding body height, body mass, and APHV between the four birth quartiles for both sexes, except for body mass in female athletes (p = 0.037). The findings indicate that maturity status and anthropometry influence RAE in youth swimming. It can be assumed that relatively younger swimmers can counteract their disadvantage only by similar anthropometric and maturity-related characteristics to the relatively older swimmers, which significantly impacts talent identification and development of swimmers.
Impacts of Changes in Soil Moisture on Urban Heat Islands and Urban Breeze Circulations: Idealized Ensemble Simulations
Authors: Tabassum Abeda , Hong Seong-Ho , Park Kyeongjoo , Baik Jong-Jin
Published: May 2024

Soil moisture plays important roles in land surface and hydrological processes, and its changes can greatly affect weather and climate. In this study, we examine how changes in soil moisture impact the urban heat island (UHI) and urban breeze circulation (UBC) through idealized ensemble simulations. As soil moisture increases, the latent heat flux increases considerably in the rural area. Hence, in the rural area, the sensible heat flux and surface temperature decrease, which decreases the rural air temperature. The decrease in rural air temperature leads to increases in UHI intensity and thus UBC intensity. The urban air temperature also decreases with increasing soil moisture since the cooler rural air is advected to the urban area by the enhanced low-level convergent flow of the UBC. However, the decrease in air temperature is smaller in the urban area than in the rural area. As the UBC intensity increases, the sensible heat flux in the urban area increases. The increase in sensible heat flux in the urban area further increases the UHI intensity. The positive feedback between the UHI intensity and the UBC intensity is revealed when soil moisture increases. The decrease in air temperature in both the urban and rural areas leads to the decrease in planetary boundary layer (PBL) height. As a result, the vertical size of the UBC decreases with increasing soil moisture. As the UBC intensity increases with increasing soil moisture, the advection of water vapor from the rural area to the urban area increases. Combined with the decrease in PBL height, this reduces the water vapor deficit or even leads to the water vapor excess in the urban area depending on soil moisture content.
Exploring the Correlation Between Health Literacy and Knowledge of Cervical Cancer and Radiotherapy Among Japanese Women: A Web-Based Survey
Authors: Minamitani Masanari , Morishima Kosuke , Katano Atsuto , Ohira Shingo , Nakagawa Keiichi
Published: May 2024

Health literacy (HL) plays a vital role in an individual’s ability to make informed health decisions. Japan faces several challenges in cervical cancer control, including low human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and screening rates, underutilization of radiotherapy, and limited HL. This study explored the association between HL and knowledge of cervical cancer and radiotherapy, particularly among young Japanese women. We conducted a web-based survey among users of LunaLuna, a popular women’s healthcare application, to assess their HL and knowledge about cervical cancer and radiotherapy through a 46-question survey. We compared three groups in terms of HL (inadequate, problematic, and sufficient & excellent). Multiple regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with knowledge. In total, 1468 respondents were included in this study. HL was positively correlated with knowledge scores (inadequate: 51.8%; problematic: 56.3%; sufficient & excellent: 60%). Participants displayed relatively low accuracy for treatment-related questions. Higher HL (β = 0.15, p < 0.01), education (β =  − 0.11, p < 0.01), cervical cancer screening (β =  − 0.11, p < 0.01), income (β = 0.09, p < 0.01), and employment (β =  − 0.06, p = 0.04) were significant factors affecting knowledge of cervical cancer and radiotherapy. Our findings underscore the pivotal role of HL in promoting cervical cancer prevention and providing a better understanding of radiotherapy. Despite factors such as age, education, and history of cervical cancer screening, HL showed the strongest association with knowledge of cervical cancer and radiotherapy. The enhancement of HL and knowledge dissemination may be critical for promoting cervical cancer prevention and radiotherapy in Japan.
Reservoir Rock Discrimination Based on Integrated Image Logs and Petrographic Analysis: A Case Study from the Early Miocene Nukhul Carbonate, Southern Gulf of Suez, Egypt
Authors: Kassem Ahmed A. , Abdel Fattah Mohsen , Hassan Zakaria , Radwan Ahmed E.
Published: May 2024

The discrimination of rock types within the limestones and dolostones of the Nukhul Formation in the West Younis Field (Gulf of Suez Basin, Egypt) presents significant challenges due to their multi-scale compositional and diagenetic heterogeneity, diverse pore types, complex microstructures, and limited core data. This study aims to characterize the carbonate reservoir of the Early Miocene sediments and establish distinct reservoir rock types by employing textural analysis, geological interpretations (i.e., structural interpretation, fracture analysis, reservoir characteristics) using advanced imaging tools, and petrophysical measurements to model porosity/permeability profiles across the reservoir. A new dataset was obtained from the latest exploratory well in the West Younis Field, incorporating microresistivity and acoustic image logs, well logs, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) tools, and drill cutting petrographic analysis. The integration of these datasets provided a comprehensive understanding of the properties of the Early Miocene carbonate reservoir. Based on image logs, the carbonate facies were divided into four reservoir units. Petrographic evaluation further classified two facies (A and B) based on diagenetic factors controlling reservoir quality. The results revealed the occurrence of multiple phases of dolomitization, which influenced the reservoir quality. Early-stage dolomitization enhanced reservoir quality, while late-stage idiotopic dolomite crystal growth diminished it. The study also provided comprehensive information on the original rock fabric/texture, diagenetic processes, porosity types and origins, as well as the spatial distribution of pores (permeability index) within this complex carbonate reservoir. By employing an integrated technique, this study successfully differentiated the carbonate reservoir into distinct rock types, leading to improved reservoir characterization and field development. Additionally, the findings contribute valuable insights for the development and exploration of the Early Miocene carbonate section in the southern Gulf of Suez.
Building more epistemically inclusive and environmentally equitable universities
Authors: Lu Flora , Murai Emily , Campbell Serena , Angelo Hillary
Published: May 2024

Higher educational institutions tend to draw from mainstream approaches to environmentalism that reinforce race, class, and gender hierarchies around who constitutes “an environmentalist” and what activities constitute “environmentalism.” As a result, students of color and students from other marginalized backgrounds who often experience environmental degradation and catastrophe firsthand do not often see their experiences reflected in universities’ environmental programming, curricula, or research. Furthermore, faculty and staff who center issues of race, equity, power, and justice when addressing environmental topics tend to work in isolation from one another and their efforts are not well-coordinated. In this paper, we draw from the concept of “epistemic exclusion” (Settles et al. J Divers High Educ 14:493, 2021; J High Educ 93:31–55, 2022) to explain hidden biases that systematically devalue scholarship that does not fit mainstream parameters. We describe a research project focused on building more equity-centered environmental efforts at the University of California, Santa Cruz. We find that faculty and staff across divisions want to engage in more epistemically inclusive and equity-centered environmental work, but lack the institutional support and resources (e.g., knowledge, funding, time, incentives) to do so. Interestingly, only a few responses focused on the barriers and biases related to epistemic exclusion. Our findings suggest that more awareness is needed to identify, analyze, and challenge these less visible barriers to substantively work towards greater inclusivity in environmentalism.
Seasonal variation of metabolites in Kimchi cabbage: utilizing metabolomics based machine learning for cultivation season and taste discrimination
Authors: Ju WooChul , Park Sung Jin , Lee Min Jung , Park Sung Hee , Min Sung Gi , Ku Kang-Mo
Published: May 2024

Kimchi cabbage, a staple in South Korean cuisine, exhibits taste variations depending on the season of cultivation, with significant implications for kimchi production quality. In this study, we conducted comprehensive metabolomic analyses of kimchi cabbage grown in diverse environments throughout the year. We identified 15 primary metabolites, 10 glucosinolates, and 12 hydrolysates, providing valuable insights into the metabolic composition of kimchi cabbage. Using this data, we developed predictive models for taste and quality differentiation in kimchi cabbage based on the season of cultivation. Three regression models, including Orthogonal Partial Least Squares regression (OPLS), Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression, and Random Forest regression, were employed to predict seasonal variation. The models exhibited high accuracy, with R2 values ranging from 0.77 to 0.95, indicating their potential for distinguishing seasonal differences. Notably, hydroxyglucobrassicin, 5-oxoproline, and inositol consistently emerged as significant metabolites across all models. Additionally, we developed regression models for predicting sweetness and bitterness in kimchi cabbage. Metabolites such as malic acid, fructose, and glucose were positively correlated with sweetness, while neoglucobrassicin and glucobrassicin were negatively correlated. Conversely, metabolites like glucoerucin and glucobrassicin were positively correlated with bitterness, while malic acid and sucrose were negatively correlated. These findings provide a valuable foundation for understanding the metabolic basis of taste variation in kimchi cabbage and offer practical applications for improving kimchi production quality. By incorporating more varieties and multi-year data, future research aims to develop even more accurate predictive models for kimchi cabbage taste and quality, ultimately contributing to the consistency of kimchi production.

Graphical Abstract
Fractional Euler-Maclaurin-type inequalities for various function classes
Authors: Hezenci Fatih , Budak Hüseyin
Published: May 2024

This paper investigates a technique that uses Riemann-Liouville fractional integrals to study several Euler-Maclaurin-type inequalities for various function classes. Afterwards, we provide our results by using special cases of obtained theorems and This paper is to derive examples. Moreover, we give some Euler-Maclaurin-type inequalities for bounded functions by fractional integrals. Furthermore, we construct some fractional Euler-Maclaurin-type inequalities for Lipschitzian functions. Finally, we offer some Euler-Maclaurin-type inequalities by fractional integrals of bounded variation.
Complex Forest Tree Diseases – Diagnostics Beyond Koch’s Postulates
Authors: Bonello Pierluigi
Published: May 2024

Purpose of Review

Forest tree diseases are a major contributor to forest degradation and loss of productivity. They are often quite complex in their causation (etiology), especially in the case of forest syndromes, i.e. diseases with multiple causes and concurrent symptoms. Traditionally, to prove pathogenicity of a microbial agent, and thus correctly diagnose the etiology of a disease, plant pathologists must satisfy all of the so-called Koch’s postulates, as mandated by their deontological code. This review examines whether this approach is still current.

Recent Findings

Koch’s postulates state that a pathogen is a microorganism that, after being isolated in pure culture, can reproduce the disease when it is inoculated into a healthy plant. Over the decades, plant pathologists as well as medical scientists have discovered that these postulates are not always applicable in their entirety and that, furthermore, novel approaches based on molecular biology can be very helpful in uncovering relationships between microbes and diseases that are not easily proven using Koch’s postulates.

I conclude that Koch’s postulates are not a viable approach for many forest tree diseases and propose a set of new guidelines, based on the preponderance of the evidence principle, to integrate this proven approach and bring it into the twenty-first century.
Linking perspectives: a field experiment on the role of multi-layer networks in refugee information sharing
Authors: Clark Aaron Thomas , Larson Jennifer M. , Lewis Janet I.
Published: May 2024

The social networks that interconnect groups of people are often “multi-layered”—comprised of a variety of relationships and interaction types. Although researchers increasingly acknowledge the presence of multiple layers and even measure them separately, little is known about whether and how different layers function differently. We conducted a field experiment in twelve villages in rural Uganda that measured real multi-layer social networks and then tracked their use in response to new, discussion-provoking information about refugees. We find that people who received our information treatment discussed refugees with more people, selected discussion partners from neighbors in the multi-layer network, and used most of the layers to do so. Treatment kicked off conversations throughout the villages that also included control respondents; treated and control both selected discussion partners from their networks who shared their attitudes towards refugees and were particularly interested in the subject. Our results point to multi-layer networks of day-to-day interactions as a source of prospective discussion partners when new information arises, especially layers based on shared meals, homestead visits, and money borrowing. When a relationship is based on multiple of these layers, it is even more likely to facilitate discussion. Furthermore, the selection of discussion partners from these networks depends less on any one particular layer and more on characteristics of the tie relative to the topic at hand.
ESG News Sentiment and Stock Price Reactions: A Comprehensive Investigation via BERT
Authors: Dorfleitner Gregor , Zhang Rongxin
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we examine in a systematic manner how investors react to the sentiment of instant ESG news.
Instead of acquiring proprietary ESG news or events datasets directly from specific ESG data providers, we extract fresh ESG news directly from a plethora of raw news articles. We showcase how the latest development in NLP (i.e. the BERT model) can be applied to build a comprehensive and fresh ESG news dataset, and how company ESG news sentiment can be efficiently recognized by a machine. Overall, we find that the market reacts to ESG news based on news sentiment. On the event day, positive ESG news has an average abnormal return of 0.31% while negative ESG news leads to a mean value of $$-0.75$$

-
0.75

%. More interestingly, we find that the impact of ESG news may depend on the company’s historical ESG record. The negative impact of negative ESG news has less severe consequences for companies with an overall better ESG record, while the positive impact of positive ESG news may be more pronounced for companies with a worse ESG record.
Detecting drifts in data streams using Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence measure for data engineering applications
Authors: Kurian Jeomoan Francis , Allali Mohamed
Published: May 2024

The exponential growth of data coupled with the widespread application of artificial intelligence(AI) presents organizations with challenges in upholding data accuracy, especially within data engineering functions. While the Extraction, Transformation, and Loading process addresses error-free data ingestion, validating the content within data streams remains a challenge. Prompt detection and remediation of data issues are crucial, especially in automated analytical environments driven by AI. To address these issues, this study focuses on detecting drifts in data distributions and divergence within data fields processed from different sample populations. Using a hypothetical banking scenario, we illustrate the impact of data drift on automated decision-making processes. We propose a scalable method leveraging the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence measure, specifically the Population Stability Index (PSI), to detect and quantify data drift. Through comprehensive simulations, we demonstrate the effectiveness of PSI in identifying and mitigating data drift issues. This study contributes to enhancing data engineering functions in organizations by offering a scalable solution for early drift detection in data ingestion pipelines. We discuss related research works, identify gaps, and present the methodology and experiment results, underscoring the importance of robust data governance practices in mitigating risks associated with data drift and improving data observability.
Effects of Applying Different N Sources on Cd Accumulation, Mineral Micronutrients, and Grain Yield of Durum Wheat
Authors: Özkutlu Faruk
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to investigate the effects of different nitrogen sources on Cd concentration in durum wheat grains in soils with low and high Cd contamination. Triticum turgidum L. durum, cv. Balcali-2000 was sown as test plant material in plastic pots containing 3.2 kg of soil. Low (0.5) and high Cd (5.0 mg Cd kg− 1 soil) were added to the culture media in the form of 3(CdSO4).8H2O. Nitrogen was also added in the form of Ca(NO3)2.4 H2O in low, sufficient, and high concentrations. In addition, a foliar application of 0.5% urea was used as a further nitrogen supply. The results showed that the total nitrogen content and the Cd concentration of the grains increased with increasing nitrogen application. This increase was more pronounced with a combination of soil nitrogen and foliar urea. While the Cd concentration in the grains was 354 µg kg− 1 at low soil Cd concentration and insufficient nitrogen supply, the Cd concentration in the grains increased by 40% to 498 µg kg− 1 at low Cd concentration and high nitrogen supply. This increase in Cd concentration in the grains was 32% higher under high nitrogen applications than at high Cd-insufficient conditions. In addition, foliar application of urea to durum wheat leaves at low soil Cd concentrations increased the Cd concentration in the grains from 354 µg kg− 1 to 484 µg kg− 1. This study showed that different treatments and amounts of nitrogen sources can affect the uptake and accumulation of Cd in wheat grains at different Cd levels.
On Beall’s contradictory Christology and beyond
Authors: Casati Filippo , Fujikawa Naoya
Published: May 2024

According to Conciliar Christology, Christ has a divine nature and a human nature. This dual nature of Christ leads us to face many apparent inconsistencies: For example, it seems to follow that He is both immutable and mutable (and, therefore, not immutable). This long-standing issue in Christology has been called the fundamental problem of Christology. Recently, Jc Beall has proposed a novel approach to the fundamental problem: contradictory Christology, that is, Christology which takes those apparent inconsistencies as genuinely contradictory. This paper examines Beall’s contradictory Christology by comparing it with James Anderson’s version of consistent Christology. Such a comparison highlights an important assumption of Beall’s contradictory Christology, that is, the language used to state the fundamental problem is univocal. ‘Immutable’ is, thus, used in the same literal sense in both `Christ is immutable’ and `Christ is not immutable’. On the one hand, this assumption has a good reason given the human nature of Christ. On the other hand, we follow Anderson in showing that the view that `immutable’ is equivocal has a good reason too. For there is an established theological tradition according to which, when we speak about the divine, our language is analogical. In light of those considerations, this paper presents a semantic explication of how the predicates used to state the fundamental problem are both literal and analogical. The proposed semantics treats those predicates as cases of multiple denotations and shows that the apparent inconsistencies are genuinely contradictory, but in a different way from Beall’s contradictory Christology.
Do political affiliation and economic wellbeing thwart religious identification in China?
Authors: Hoover Gary A. , Xu Zhengang
Published: May 2024

While the Chinese government's stated position is to support religious freedom, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is officially atheist. Individuals who profess faith are typically unable to join and members who practice a religion face expulsion and a loss of benefits. This paper analyzes the extent to which the CCP's policies regarding religion may influence religious identification over the life cycle in China. To do so, we contrast changes in religious affiliation before and after retirement for CCP members and non-CCP members. We find a significant increase of religious activities and religious faith in CCP members after retirement – suggesting: (1) people's acknowledgment of religious belief is significantly influenced by CCP regulations and (2) the biggest influence from a material benefits perspective occurs for those CCP members employed in the Chinese government system.
A generalisation of Varnavides’s theorem
Authors: Shapira Asaf
Published: May 2024

A linear equation
$E$
is said to be sparse if there is
$c\gt 0$
so that every subset of
$[n]$
of size
$n^{1-c}$
contains a solution of
$E$
in distinct integers. The problem of characterising the sparse equations, first raised by Ruzsa in the 90s, is one of the most important open problems in additive combinatorics. We say that
$E$
in
$k$
variables is abundant if every subset of
$[n]$
of size
$\varepsilon n$
contains at least
$\text{poly}(\varepsilon )\cdot n^{k-1}$
solutions of
$E$
. It is clear that every abundant
$E$
is sparse, and Girão, Hurley, Illingworth, and Michel asked if the converse implication also holds. In this note, we show that this is the case for every
$E$
in four variables. We further discuss a generalisation of this problem which applies to all linear equations.
Elasticity of Hydrous SiO2 Across the Post‐Stishovite Transition in the Lower Mantle
Authors: Zhang Yanyao , Luo Chenxing , Xiong Chao
Published: May 2024

Elastic properties of Si0.95H0.21O2 with hydrogarnet substitution (4H+ = Si4+) across the post‐stishovite transition (28–42 GPa) are determined up to 70 GPa using ab initio calculations and a pseudo‐proper type Landau model. At 28 GPa, elastic coefficients C11 and C12 converge, and the average shear and compressional velocity (VS and VP) decrease by a maximum of 25.5% and 5.2%, respectively. Hydrogarnet substitution reduces ambient elastic moduli and sound velocities, and shifts shear softening to lower pressure. 2%–13% Si0.95H0.21O2 may cause a VS anomaly of −0.5% to −2.6% at 700–820 km depth, explaining low VS layers beneath North America and the European Alps. Additionally, 20 vol % SiO2 in subducted basalt, with decreasing water content from 3.2 wt% to zero, could cause a VS anomaly of up to −7(4) % from 700 to 1,900 km depth, aligning with seismic scatterers identified in some subduction regions.
Drivers of Interannual Salinity Variability in the Arctic Ocean
Authors: Hochet Antoine , Lique Camille , Sévellec Florian , Llovel William
Published: May 2024

Accurate projections and attribution of Arctic Ocean changes in climate models require a good understanding of the mechanisms underlying interannual salinity variability in the region. Although some mechanisms have been extensively studied in idealized setting, in particular for the dynamics of the Beaufort gyre (BG), it remains unclear how applicable they are to more complex systems. This study introduces a new diagnostic based on salinity variance budget to robustly assess the mechanisms of salinity variations. The diagnostic is then applied to the “Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean” state estimate. Results indicate that the advection of salinity anomaly in the direction of the mean salinity gradient made by velocity anomalies is the primary source of interannual salinity variability. These velocities are primarily attributed to fluctuating winds via Ekman transports. Fluctuating surface freshwater fluxes from the atmosphere and sea ice are the second most important source of variability and cannot be neglected. The two sinks of interannual salinity variance are associated with the erosion of large scale gradients of the mean circulation by eddies and to a lesser extent to the diffusive terms. Over continental shelves, particularly over the East Siberian Shelf (ESS), ocean surface freshwater fluxes and diffusion play a more important role than in the deep basins. We also report a strong intensification of all sources and sinks of interannual salinity variability in the BG and an opposite weakening in the ESS in the second decade of the analysis (2004–2014) with respect to the first (1993–2003).
Milanković Forcing in Deep Time
Authors: Zeebe Richard E. , Lantink Margriet L.
Published: May 2024

Astronomical (or Milanković) forcing of the Earth system is key to understanding rhythmic climate change on time scales ≳104 y. Paleoceanographic and paleoclimatological applications concerned with past astronomical forcing rely on astronomical calculations (solutions), which represent the backbone of cyclostratigraphy and astrochronology. Here we present state‐of‐the‐art astronomical solutions over the past 3.5 Gyr. Our goal is to provide tuning targets and templates for interpreting deep‐time cyclostratigraphic records and designing external forcing functions in climate models. Our approach yields internally consistent orbital and precession‐tilt solutions, including fundamental solar system frequencies, orbital eccentricity and inclination, lunar distance, luni‐solar precession rate, Earth's obliquity, and climatic precession. Contrary to expectations, we find that the long eccentricity cycle (LEC) (previously assumed stable and labeled “metronome,” recent period ∼405 kyr), can become unstable on long time scales. Our results reveal episodes during which the LEC is very weak or absent and Earth's orbital eccentricity and climate‐forcing spectrum are unrecognizable compared to the recent past. For the ratio of eccentricity‐to‐inclination amplitude modulation (recent individual periods of ~2.4 and ~1.2 Myr, frequently observable in paleorecords) we find a wide distribution around the recent 2:1 ratio, that is, the system is not restricted to a 2:1 or 1:1 resonance state. Our computations show that Earth's obliquity was lower and its amplitude (variation around the mean) significantly reduced in the past. We therefore predict weaker climate forcing at obliquity frequencies in deep time and a trend toward reduced obliquity power with age in stratigraphic records. For deep‐time stratigraphic and modeling applications, the orbital parameters of our 3.5‐Gyr integrations are made available at 400‐year resolution.