bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intra-operative Use of Liposomal Bupivacaine and its Effect on Post-operative Pain in Breast Augmentation
Authors:   Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA, A. Clark Steven
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Liposomal bupivacaine (Exparel©, Pacira Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Parsippany, NJ) is a local anesthetic, approved by the FDA for introduction into surgical sites for post-operative analgesia in October of 2011. Pharmaceutical advertisements claim that Exparel© relieves pain up to 72 hours, and that patients may require less pain medication during their recovery. Currently there is limited data with few non-industry funded, controlled studies concerning its efficacy. Methods: A single center, prospective open-label study was conducted over a year period comparing bupivacaine with epinephrine to liposomal bupivacaine, in regards to patient post-operative pain scores and narcotic usage on patients undergoing breast augmentation. All studied patients had breast augmentation with identical surgical technique. Studied patients had sub-muscularly placed saline implants performed by a single surgeon at one surgical facility. Results: Thirty-two patients of 40 successfully participated in the study (11 in the control group and 21 in the experimental group). Patients who received liposomal bupivacaine reported lower pain scores which was statistically significant at p=0.02, however patients who received liposomal bupivacaine required more narcotics at 72 hours than patients in the control group. Statistical analysis showed a trend that patients who received liposomal bupivacaine used less hydrocodone post-operatively (p=0.05). Conclusions: Patients who received liposomal bupivacaine reported improved pain scores compared to bupivacaine with epinephrine. The improved pain score was minimal, and did not translate into a significantly lower usage of narcotics post-operatively. Our data suggests that that liposomal bupivacaine only provides improved pain relief for 48 hours and not the advertised 72 hours. Keywords: Post-operative pain, Pain score, Non-industry funded.
Autologous Fat Grafting in Management of Patients with Progressive Hemifacial Atrophy
Authors:   Department of Plastic Surgery, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bangalore, India, Reddappa Jainath
Published: October 2021

Background: Progressive hemi facial atrophy or Romberg disease is a rare neurocutaneous syndrome characterized by slow progressive atrophy on one side of face involving skin, subcutaneous and connective tissue. Various methods have been described for soft tissue augmentation in patients with progressive hemi facial atrophy. Autologous fat, dermofat, fascial grafts have been used for grade 1,2 and 3 atrophy. Free flaps, cartilage and bone grafts are described for grade 3 and 4 atrophy. Aims and objectives: To study efficacy of autologous fat graft in patients with grade 1, 2 and 3 hemi facial atrophy. Strategies to reduce fat absorption and to calculate approximate amount of fat required required by facial mask template. Observations: It is a prospective study conducted in Department of plastic surgery, Bangalore Medical college and Research Institute, Bangalore in 10 patients with grade 2 and 3 Progressive hemi facial atrophy. All patients with stable non-progressive atrophy were graded for severity of disease and face-mask templates were prepared by pro-sthodontists to know approximate amount of fat required for injection. Fat was aspirated by low-pressure small suction cannulas manually and infiltrated at multiple points and in multiple planes after sedimentation and separation of fat. Five of the patients with grade 2 and 3 of patients with grade 3 atrophy were satisfied with symmetric face and with emotional betterment. Two patients needed repeat fat grafting after 2 years of follow-up. Conclusion: Autologous fat grafting is a simple and safe method for augmentation of soft tissue in patients with grade 1, 2 and 3 Progressive hemi facial atrophy. Aspiration of fat with low-pressure small cannulas and infiltrating in multiple planes improves fat survival. Preparing face-mask templates gives an idea of approximate volume of fat required. Keywords: Progressive hemifacial atrophy, Autologous fat grafting, Face-mask templates, Strategies for decreased fat absorption.
A Study of Outcome of Limited Fasciectomy in Patients with Dupuytrens Contracture
Authors:   Department of Plastic Surgery, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bangalore, India, Reddappa Jainath
Published: October 2021

Background: Dupuytrens contracture is a fibro proliferative disorder of hand resulting in slowly progressive thickening and shortening of palmar fascia leading to finger flexion contractures. The disease usually affects the fourth and fifth fingers and common in elderly males. The disease progresses in 3 stages with varying clinical severity. The aim of treatment is to remove the contracture of the fascia, correct the flexion deformity and regain the finger function. The treatment options include nonsurgical and surgical methods. The surgical methods include fasciotomy, fasciectomy, dermofasciectomy. Fasciectomy is the commonly done surgical procedure and it can be either limited or radical fasciectomy. Aims and Objectives: To study the outcome of limited fasciectomy in patients with Dupuytrens contracture Observations: It is a prospective study conducted in this institute in 25 patients with Dupuytrens contracture operated by limited fasciectomy, between January 2013 and December 2015. All 25 patients of Dupuytrens contracture who presented to us were admitted, evaluated for their severity and operated by limited fasciectomy. Patients were followed up for a period of 6 months to 2 years and evaluated for finger extension and range of movements. 20 of the 25 patients who were operated by limited fasciectomy had complete release of the contractures with normal wound healing and complete extension of fingers. No recurrence of disease was seen in all of these patients on regular follow up and active physiotherapy. Normal range of finger movements were present. 5 of the patients had minor surgical complications in the form of flap necrosis, partial skin graft loss and wound dehiscence, which resolved with conservative dressings and splinting and 2 of these patients developed flexion contractures at 6 months of followup. Conclusion: Limited fasciectomy is effective in all severity of Dupuytrens contractures with complete relief of symptoms and complete extension of fingers. No recurrence of contractures were seen in 92% of these patients. Limited fasciectomy being less morbid compared to radical fasciectomy or dermofasciectomy is a preferred surgical option in patients with Grade 1 and grade 2 Dupuytrens contractures. Keywords: Dupuytrens contracture, Limited fasciectomy, Recurrence and outcome.
President Trump’s Islamophobia and the Muslims: A Case Study in Crisis Communication
Authors:   Gulf University for Science and Technology, Mishref, Kuwait, Nuruzzaman Mohammed
Published: October 2021

During his highly controversial presidential election campaign, President Trump successfully but bizarrely exploited anti-Muslim rhetoric, among other factors, to capture the White House. His post-election policy actions, particularly the executive order to ban Muslim entry into the US, first issued on January 27 and followed by a watereddown version on March 6, has also officially exposed his anti-Muslim biases creating a crisis in Muslim – US relations. This article presents President Trump’s anti-Muslim rhetoric and policies in historical perspectives, comparing them to other great American narratives of the post-World War II period. It ends up making two important conclusions: first off, Trump’s anti-Muslim stand galvanized, and now keeps alive, his political support base of the white underclass Americans; and, secondly, although motivated by political needs, his anti-Muslim rhetoric contributes to an increasing divide between the Muslims worldwide and the non-Muslim racist and Islamophobic white Americans. Keywords: President Trump, anti-Muslim ban, Trumpism, American foreign policy narratives, ‘America First’, Israel – Palestine conflict, Iran – US nuclear deal.
Analysis of Pakistan Print Media Narrative on the War on Terror
Authors:   International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan, Hussain Shabbir
Published: October 2021

This study examines the coverage of the Taliban conflict in four leading national newspapers of Pakistan from January 2014 to July 2014 from war and peace journalism perspective. The theoretical framework for this research is determined by peace journalism and framing theories, while the sample was selected by applying the systematic random sampling method. The findings, based on a content analysis of 821 stories from the four newspapers, indicate that the Pakistani media are inclined more towards war journalism framing than peace journalism framing in their coverage of the Taliban conflict. The two Urdu dailies namely Nawa-i-Waqt and Express have a stronger preference for war than peace compared to the two English dailies namely Dawn and The News International. Consistent with the existing peace journalism scholarship, the findings of this study also show that the newspapers not only toed and supported the official version on this home-grown conflict but also marginalized and undermined alternative voices calling for a peaceful resolution of this years-long conflict. Keywords: War on terror, conflict coverage, peace journalism, national security, propaganda.
United Nation’s Media Reporting of Peacekeeping Operations on Syrian Conflict: Perspective of Peace Journalism
Authors:   International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan, Hussain Shabbir
Published: October 2021

This study examines the coverage of the Taliban conflict in four leading national newspapers of Pakistan from January 2014 to July 2014 from war and peace journalism perspective. The theoretical framework for this research is determined by peace journalism and framing theories, while the sample was selected by applying the systematic random sampling method. The findings, based on a content analysis of 821 stories from the four newspapers, indicate that the Pakistani media are inclined more towards war journalism framing than peace journalism framing in their coverage of the Taliban conflict. The two Urdu dailies namely Nawa-i-Waqt and Express have a stronger preference for war than peace compared to the two English dailies namely Dawn and The News International. Consistent with the existing peace journalism scholarship, the findings of this study also show that the newspapers not only toed and supported the official version on this home-grown conflict but also marginalized and undermined alternative voices calling for a peaceful resolution of this years-long conflict. Keywords: War on terror, conflict coverage, peace journalism, national security, propaganda.
An Examination of Crisis Response in Professional Athlete Scandals: A Sport Fan’s Perspective
Authors:   Western Michigan University, USA, Hwang Geumchan
Published: October 2021

The purpose of the study was to examine the influence of athlete celebrity scandal on a sport fan’s attitude and behavioral intention, and a sport fan’s reaction to athlete celebrity’s media response after the scandal. 308 samples were collected from professional sports spectators in the United States and data was analyzed through Pearson correlation analysis and regression analysis. Results of the study showed 1) responding to the athlete scandal via press conference was more reliable and effective response strategy than responding to the athlete scandal via social media, 2) the influence of the athlete celebrity scandal on a sport fan’s attitude toward the athlete affected a sport fan’s negative behavioral intention regardless of types of scandal, off-field scandal or on-field scandal, and 3) athlete celebrity’s high performance and effect of apology via press conference were significant factors that affected the influence of scandal on fan loyalty. This study provides practical information regarding how marketers and public relations managers in sport organizations should cope with athlete celebrity scandals to maintain positive relationship with their fans. Keywords: Athlete scandal, press conference, social media, fan attitude, behavioral intention.
Truth, Al Jazeera, and Crisis Journalism
Authors:   University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, USA, G. Christians Clifford
Published: October 2021

Truth is the generally accepted standard of news media organizations and of social media networks. Most of the codes of ethics including Al Jazeera’s specify the reporters’ duty to tell the truth. In the traditional view, objective reporting is not merely the standard of competent professionalism, but considered a moral imperative. With the dominant scheme increasingly controversial, theoretical work in international media ethics seeks to transform it intellectually. Truth needs to be released from its parochial moorings in the West and given a global understanding. A new concept of truth as authentic disclosure accomplishes this, and that definition means to get at the core issue, to see the essence of things. The question in researching Al Jazeera is whether it practices what might be called “interpretive sufficiency.” This is a robust view of news as knowledge production, in contrast with news as simply informational. Using Al Jazeera as a case study, the new definition of truth-as-disclosure is applied to crisis journalism. Keywords: International News, Truth, Media Ethics, Interpretation, Propaganda.
PENGARUH LATIHAN BERPASANGAN TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN TENDANGAN SABIT PADA PENCAK SILAT SMA NEGERI 15 LUWU
Authors: Ahmad Ahmad
Published: October 2021

Based on the pre-test results of students’ sickle kick ability of pencak silat extracurriculer at Sma Negeri 15 Luwu is still relatively low, this study aims to determine the effect of the use of paired exercises in improving sickle kick capability. This study used OneGroup Pre-test - Post-test Design design with a sample number of 15 people. Data collection using a grid of performance measurement instruments skills, as well as dataanalyzed with the help of SPSS 25. Results research shows that paired exercises have an influence on sickle kick capability, this can be seen from the average post-test result of 80.2667 higher than the average pre-test result of 66.4667. And 16,307 t test and ttabel value of 2,145. As such Ha accepted and H0 rejected. This means there is a significant influence of paired exercises toward the students’ ability of sickle kickin the pencak silat extracurriculer at Sma Negeri 15 Luwu.
COVID-19 and the Brain: A Psychological and Resting-state Functional Magnetic Resonance Imagin (fMRI) Study of the Whole-brain Functional Connectivity
Authors:   Department of Addiction Studies, School of Medicine, Student Research Committee, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran., Niroumand Sarvandani Mohammad , Sheikhi Koohsar Javad ,   Health Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran., Rafaiee Raheleh ,   Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran., Saeedi Maryam ,   Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran., Seyedhosseini Tamijani Seyedeh Masoumeh ,   Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran., Ghazvini Hamed ,   Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran., Sheibani Hossein ,   Unit of Clinical Research Development, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) spreads rapidly worldwide and causes severe acute respiratory syndrome. The current study aims to evaluate the relationship between the whole-brain functional connections in a resting state and cognitive impairments in patients with COVID-19 compared to the healthy control group. Methods: Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) data were obtained from 29 patients of the acute stage of COVID-19 on the third day of admission and 20 healthy controls. Cross-correlation of the mean resting-state signals was determined in the voxels of 23 independent components (IC) of brain neural circuits. To assess cognitive function and neuropsychological status, MoCA was performed on all participants. The relationship between rs-fMRI information, neuropsychological status, and paraclinical data was analyzed. Results: The COVID-19 group got a lower mean MoCA score and showed a significant reduction in the functional connectivity of the IC14 (P<0.001) and IC38 (P<0.001) regions compared to the controls. The increase in functional connectivity was observed in the COVID-19 group compared to the controls at baseline in the default mode network (DMN) IC00 (P<0.001) and dorsal attention network (DAN) IC08 (P<0.001) regions. Furthermore, the alternation of functional connectivity in the mentioned ICs was significantly correlated with the mean MoCA scores and inflammatory parameters, i.e. erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP). Conclusion: Functional connectivity abnormalities in four brain neural circuits are associated with cognitive impairment and increased inflammatory markers in patients with COVID-19.
Introducing Albumin and Interleukin 6 as Common Critical Dysregulated Proteins Between Migraine and Gliosarcoma
Authors:   Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Arjmand Babak , Mansouri Vahid ,   Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Hamzeloo Moghadam Maryam ,   Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Rezaei Tavirani Sina ,   Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: October 2021

Introduction: It is reported that migraine may be a risk factor for brain cancers. Since one of the best ways to assess this possible relationship is to study the molecular mechanism, here the common central dysregulated proteins between these diseases are investigated via network analysis. Methods: The dysregulated proteins of migraine and gliosarcoma are extracted from the STRING database and interacted via Cytoscape software, version 3.7.2. to form two separate networks. Central nodes of the networks are compared to find the common central district proteins. First neighbors of the common central proteins are studied. Results: The number of 11 hub bottlenecks was identified for each of the migraine and gliosarcoma cancer networks. Albumin (ALB) and interleukin 6 (IL6) were introduced as common differentially expressed central proteins. Kininogen 1 (KNG1), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), and neurofibromatosis type I (NF1) the first neighbors of ALB-IL6 were connected to the central nodes of networks of the two studied diseases. Conclusion: ALB and IL6 can be considered molecular links between migraine and brain cancers.
Examining the Dominant Presence of Brain Grey Matter in Autism During Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors:   Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Batouli Seyed Amir Hossein , Razavi Foroogh ,   Neuroimaging and Analysis Group, Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Sisakhti Minoo ,   Neuroimaging and Analysis Group, Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Oghabian Zeinab ,   Neuroimaging and Analysis Group, Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Ahmadzade Haady ,   Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Tehrani Doost Mehdi ,   Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with symptoms appearing from early childhood. Behavioral modifications, special education, and medicines are used to treat ASD; however, the effectiveness of the treatments depends on early diagnosis of the disorder. The primary approach in diagnosing ASD is based on clinical interviews and valid scales. Still, methods based on brain imaging could also be possible diagnostic biomarkers for ASD. Methods: To identify the amount of information the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) reveals on ASD, we reviewed 292 task-based fMRI studies on ASD individuals. This study is part of a systematic review with the registration number CRD42017070975. Results: We observed that face perception, language, attention, and social processing tasks were mainly studied in ASD. In addition, 73 brain regions, nearly 83% of brain grey matter, showed an altered activation between the ASD and normal individuals during these four tasks, either in a lower or a higher activation. Conclusion: Using imaging methods, such as fMRI, to diagnose and predict ASD is a great objective; research similar to the present study could be the initial step.
The Effect of Violent and Melodrama Movies on Risky Decision-making and Behavioral Inhibition in Adolescents
Authors:   Department of Cognitive Rehabilitation, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies, Tehran, Iran., Ghandali Roya , Hassani-Abharian Peyman ,   Department of Cognitive Rehabilitation, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies, Tehran, Iran., Sadeghi-Firoozabadi Vahid ,   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran., Nooripour Roghieh ,   Department of Counseling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Brain functional performance is a collection of outstanding mental processing that provides a framework for achieving goals based on targeted behaviors. Disorders in executive functions make it difficult for a person to perform everyday tasks. One of the phenomena highlighted in various media is the violence that adolescents welcome with the production of violent movies. This study aimed to investigate the effect of violent movies on risky decision-making and behavioral inhibition of adolescents and compare the effects of violence with melodrama movies Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest design with a control group among 60 adolescents (30 girls and 30 boys) living in Tehran City, Iran. They were selected using the available sampling method. For this purpose, neurological tests of Iowa Gambling and go-no go were used. Results: The results showed that violent movies caused a significant increase in risky decision-making (P<0.05). In addition, these types of movies caused a significant decrease in behavioral inhibition among adolescents (P<0.05). Conclusion: Movies with ill-mannered stories and content that glorify violence harm adolescents’ decision-making and deterrence, leading them to make risky decisions and weaken their inhibition power.
Effect of Smartphone Distractions on Cognitive Performance in Adolescents: An Electroencephalography Approach
Authors:   Dept. of ECE, Government Engineering College Thrissur/APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University Kerala, Thrissur- 680009, Kerala, India., Suhail T. A , Indiradevi K.P ,   Principal, MGM College of Engineering and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Malappuram- 676552, Kerala, India., Suhara E. M ,   Dept. of EEE, Government Engineering College, Thrissur- 680009, Kerala, India., Poovathinal Suresh A. ,   Dept. of Neurology, Valiyath Institute of Medical Sciences, Kollam- 690518, Kerala, India., Anitha Ayyappan ,   Dept. of Neurogenetics, Institute for Communicative and Cognitive Neurosciences, Shoranur- 679523, Kerala, India.
Published: October 2021

Introduction: The dependence on smartphones has become widespread among all age groups in every realm of daily life. There has been increased concern about the adverse effects of problematic smartphone use and media multitasking among adolescents. Recent studies used various performance measures like questionnaire surveys to examine the association between smartphone addiction and learning performance, and such studies have yielded mixed findings. The current study investigates the effects of media multitasking on cognitive performance using Electroencephalography (EEG) features and a self-report questionnaire survey. Methods: The patterns of smartphone use among adolescents in South India were investigated in this study, using a questionnaire survey. Further, the impact of smartphone usage on cognitive task performance was examined using EEG features. For this, EEGs of twenty-two healthy subjects were recorded during learning tasks before and after using a social networking site on smartphones. Subsequently, various EEG features were extracted, including ratios of wavelet decomposed EEG bands, attention index, and Sample entropy. Finally, these cognitive performance indices were evaluated and compared with a control group. Results: A total of 600 healthy individuals (341 males, 259 females) participated in the survey among whom, 310 (50.91%) belonged to the high-user group. Performance degradation (p=0.005), sleep problems (p=0.040) and mental stress (p=0.049) were more prevalent among the high-user group. A significant decline in EEG-based cognitive performance indices was also observed in the phone-use group compared to the control group. Conclusion: The findings of this study highlight the importance of controlling phone use when engaged in cognitive tasks. The study also offers an insight to develop neurofeedback techniques that enhance cognitive skills.
Differential Cortical Oscillatory Patterns in Amputees With and Without Phantom Limb Pain
Authors:   Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Science Studies, Pardis, Iran., Bagheri Zahra , Khosrowabadi Reza ,   Department of Cognitive Modeling, Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran., Hatami Javad ,   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran., Armani Kian Ali Reza ,   Department of Psychiatry, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Zanjan University of Medical Science, Zanjan, Iran., Fatemi Mohamad Javad ,   Department of Plastic Surgery, Hazrat Fatemeh Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Khatibi Ali ,   Centre of Precision RehCentre of Precision Rehabilitation for Spinal Pain, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,   Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.abilitation for Spinal Pain, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Phantom limb pain (PLP) as neuropathic pain affects the life of amputees. It is believed an efficient PLP treatment should consider the underlying neurological mechanisms. Hereby, we investigated brain activity in PLP and its relationships to the psychological and cognitive dimensions of chronic pain. We investigate differences in resting brain activities between amputees with and without pain. We hypothesize significant differences in the motor cortex and parietal cortex activity that are related to pain perception. Also, we hypothesize two groups have significant differences in cognitive and psychological components. Methods: Behavioral assessment (psychological status, life satisfaction, and pain level) and EEG signals of 19 amputees (12 without pain and 7 with pain) were recorded. Data were statistically compared between the two groups. Also, the association between behavioral and neurophysiological data was computed. Results: The results showed a significant decrease in the pain group for the beta and gamma waves, as well as, for the theta and delta waves in the posterior temporal on both sides, during the eye-open condition. The eyes-closed condition showed that the delta waves were decreased on the right side of the cortex. Also, data showed a significant difference in the correlation of pain features with brain waves between the two groups. Conclusion: Significant differences were mostly observed in regions related to pain perception rather than the motor cortex. This can be due to the learned strategies to deal with pain and the degree of pain. Results showed maladaptive cognitive processes had a relationship with brain wave activities. According to the result of brain wave activities, it seems that cognitive factors have a role in the experience of PLP rather than neuroplasticity through amputation.
Enhancement of Visuospatial Working Memory by Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Prefrontal and Parietal Cortices
Authors:   Department of Sport Pathology and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran., Moghadas Tabrizi Yousef , Yavari Kateb Meysam ,   Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Sports Sciences, Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran., Shahrbanian Shahnaz ,   Department of Sports Science, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Previous studies have reported dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and posterior parietal cortex (PPC) activation during the performance of spatial working memory (SWM), therefore this study aims to compare the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) between these two areas. Methods: Fifty-four healthy right-handed students (27 women, 27 men; age=24.3±0.2 years) were randomly assigned to an anodal group (n=27) and a sham group (n=27), each of these groups was divided into F4 (representing right DLPFC) or P4 (representing right PPC) subgroups, respectively. A computerized Corsi block tapping (CBT) task was used to measure SWM. The tDCS intervention consisted of five daily sessions with a direct current of 1.5 mA for 15 minutes on the F4 or P4 area of the brain at 24-hour intervals. Results: Significant enhancement of the SWM span as well as a faster response was observed after anodal tDCS in both the anterior and posterior direction. Moreover, stimulation of the left DLPFC induced a faster reaction time compared to the right PPC. Conclusion: Stimulation DLPFC and PPC, as an element of the frontoparietal network, showed SWM enhancement, with the DLPFC being more affected. Our finding provides new evidence to compare the effect of stimulation on the two main activated cortical areas during visual SWM.
Effect of Deep Brain Stimulation on Parkinson Disease Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Razmkon Ali ,   Research Center for Neuromodulation and Pain, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran., Abdollahifard Saeed , Rezaei Hirad , Bahadori Amir Reza , Eskandarzadeh Parham , Kazerooni AmirAli Rastegar ,   Research Center for Neuromodulation and Pain, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,   Research Center for Neuromodulation and Pain, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,   Research Center for Neuromodulation and Pain, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,   Research Center for Neuromodulation and Pain, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,   Research Center for Neuromodulation and Pain, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Patients in the early stages of Parkinson disease (PD) may have subtle cognitive deficits, while overt cognitive deficits are usually manifestations of late-stage PD. There is still a debate on the outcome of deep brain stimulation (DBS) on the cognitive function of PD patients. This study aimed to investigate the effect of subthalamic nucleus (STN)-DBS on the dementia of PD patients after surgery compared to medical therapy and other procedures. Methods: We searched PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science database on October 2020, with keywords: “Deep brain stimulation,” “Parkinson disease,” “dementia,” and “memory.” Reviews, abstracts, case presentations, and letters were excluded. Results: In total, 491 studies were screened after removing the duplicates. The screening results yielded 81 articles to be screened for eligibility. Finally, 6 studies were included in this meta-analysis for synthesis. Overall, 800 patients were included in this meta-analysis, using the Mattis dementia rating scale (MDRS) and descriptive data from the articles extracted to assess global dementia. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the STN-DBS group showed a larger cognitive decline than the patients receiving the best medical treatment (BMT). However, comparing STN-DBS with globus pallidus interna stimulation and pallidotomy could not demonstrate a significant statistical effect on the global dementia of patients. More long-term studies with larger sample sizes are needed to validate current findings.
Psychological and Psychophysiological Responses to Challenge Variations for Virtual Hand Training in Game-based Smart Rehabilitation System
Authors:   Department of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Asgharzadeh Alvar Amin , Esteki Ali ,   Department of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Abdollahi Iraj ,   Department of Physiotherapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: October 2021

Background: Maintaining motivation is one of the most important characteristics of rehabilitation strategies for successful treatment. Understanding the underlying mechanism of mental state is helpful for developing new therapeutic methods based on virtual reality and serious game technologies. Objective: The present study aims to develop a cost-benefit game-based hand rehabilitation system and assess the influence on the psychological state of subjects when they interact with a virtual reality environment in different task difficulty levels. Methods: First, we introduced a low-cost smart hand rehabilitation system based on the Leap Motion tracker; then, the experimental study was performed with 20 healthy participants. Their mental states were evoked using interaction with two separate games in four different difficulty levels. Three measures from the SAM self-reported test described as a psychological response to this condition, and also four features were extracted from Photoplethysmogram signal in order to quantify psychophysiological responses of Autonomic Nervous System. Results: Comparison of the different difficulty levels revealed significant changes in arousal and dominance correspond to under challenging and over the challenging condition, respectively. The results of psychophysiological feature analysis showed significant differences only for the standard deviation of intervals between consecutive heartbeats. Conclusion: The developed system is a low-cost smart solution that can be useful for upper limb neurological rehabilitation. Regulating difficulty parameters of the implemented game can be used to influence the motivation of users through rehabilitation procedures. It seems Photoplethysmogram is an appropriate psychophysiological indicator of mental states, but further studies are required.
Brain Connectivity Estimation Pitfall in Multiple Trials of Electroencephalography Data
Authors:   Department of Bioelectric, School of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran., Mehdizadehfar Vida , Ghassemi Farnaz ,   Department of Bioelectric, School of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran., Fallah Ali ,   Department of Bioelectric, School of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
Published: October 2021

Introduction: The electroencephalography signal is well suited to calculate brain connectivity due to its high temporal resolution. When the purpose is to compute connectivity from multi-trial electroencephalography (EEG) data, confusion arises about how these trials involved in calculating the connectivity. The purpose of this paper is to study this confusing issue using simulated and experimental data. Methods: To this end, Granger causality-based connectivity measures were considered. Using simulations, two signals were generated with known AR (auto-regressive) coefficients and then simple multivariate autoregressive (MVAR) models based on different numbers of trials were extracted. For accurate estimation of the MVAR model, the data samples should be sufficient. Two Granger causality-based connectivity, granger causality (GC) and Partial directed coherence (PDC) were estimated. Results: Estimating connectivity corresponding to small trial numbers (5 and 10 trials) resulted in an average value of connectivity that is significantly higher and also more variable over different estimates. By increasing the number of trials, the MVAR model has fitted more appropriately to the data and the connectivity values were converged. This procedure was implemented on real EEG data. The obtained results agreed well with the findings of simulated data. Conclusion: The results showed that the brain connectivity should calculate for each trial, and then average the connectivity values on all trials. Also, the larger the trial numbers, the MVAR model has fitted more appropriately to the data, and connectivity estimations are more reliable.
Молекулярно-генетическое тестирование соматических мутаций в опухолях
Authors: Михайленко Д.С. , Алимов А.А. , Мусатова В.В. , Кекеева Т.В. , Куцев С.И.
Published: October 2021

Настоящее учебно-методическое пособие посвящено практическим аспектам молекулярно-генетической диагностики онкологических заболеваний. В пособии подробно описаны этапы проведения анализа соматических мутаций: пробоподготовка, ПЦР в различных модификациях, секвенирование, в том числе высокопроизводительные технологии геномного анализа, оценка патогенности соматических мутаций и ее клиническая интерпретация. Пособие составлено в соответствии с ФГОС ВО по специальностям 31.08.30. «генетика», 31.08.06 «лабораторная генетика», 31.08.57 «онкология», 31.08.05 «клиническая лабораторная диагностика» и рабочими программами кафедры онкогенетики ИВиДПО ФГБНУ «МГНЦ». Пособие предназначено для ординаторов по указанным выше специальностям, аспирантов по научным специальностям 1.5.7. «генетика», 3.1.6. «онкология, лучевая терапия» и 3.3.8. «клиническая лабораторная диагностика», а также для врачей-генетиков, врачей-онкологов, врачей – лабораторных генетиков и специалистов в области клинической лабораторной диагностики при обучении их по программам повышения квалификации. Печатается по решению учебно-методической комиссии Института высшего и дополнительного профессионального образования ФГБНУ «Медико-генетический научный центр имени академика Н.П. Бочкова» от 30 сентября 2021 г.
Practice and Reflection: Online English Teaching in University in China against the Outbreak of COVID-19
Authors: LIANG Yong
Published: October 2021

This study reviews, discusses and evaluates empirical university-level online English teaching in China that was largely influenced by the COVID-19. It introduces the design and procedure of the curriculum and explains the targets as well as the results of undergraduates’ English courses. With PBL and POA teaching strategies, the findings of the study revealed that the teaching effects are close to the expectation compared with that of in-class teaching, and students’ learning satisfaction is not reduced by way of online teaching. Online teaching mode in College English courses in China could be effective and productive through the cooperation of teachers and students, which sheds light on the teaching design and practice in the post-pandemic era.
Prospek Pengembangan Kapasitas Anak yang Berhadapan dengan Hukum di Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak Kelas II Jayapura Propinsi Papua
Authors:   Universitas Cendrawasih Papua, Indonesia, Sitorus Ferry Rhendra P. P.
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini membahas pengembangan kapasitas dan potensi anak yang berhadapan dengan hukum saat dibina di Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak (LPKA) Kelas II Jayapura. Prospek pengembangan kapasitas dan potensi anak yang berhadapan dengan hukum tersebut juga dikaitkan dengan keberadaan sistem sumber yang ada di lembaga pembinaan tersebut. Lembaga pembinaan yang didirikan di tahun 2017 ini berlokasi di Distrik Abepura dengan menggunakan sebagian fasilitas dari Lapas (Lembaga Pemasyarakatan) Kelas II Abepura. Total informan pada penelitian ini adalah dua belas orang dengan enam orang informan diantaranya adalah anak yang berhadapan dengan hukum. Pengumpulan data dilakukan selama bulan Agustus hingga pertengahan September 2019. Dinyatakan bahwa hasil temuan pertama dalam penelitian ini adalah anak yang berhadapan dengan hukum yang menggunakan sumber kegiatan pembinaan di LPKA Kelas II Jayapura untuk pencapaian cita-citanya adalah melalui kegiatan PBB (Pasukan Baris Berbaris), keterampilan membuat gelang dan cincin, bermain bola dan bulutangkis, bingkai foto dari koran, ibadah, serta fasilitas Taman Bacaan. Hasil temuan kedua dalam penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa sistem sumber di dalam LPKA Kelas II Jayapura yang disediakan adalah melalui unsur kelembagaan LPKA dan juga kegiatan pembinaannya. Terdapat prospek yang besar untuk menggunakan sistem sumber secara kelembagaan di masa mendatang karena anak yang berhadapan dengan hukum di LPKA ini masih berfokus pada penggunaan sistem sumber kegiatan pembinaan. Kata kunci: Anak yang berhadapan dengan hukum, Kapasitas, LPKA Kelas II Jayapura, Pembinaan
Dampak Perceraian Keluarga Suku Rote Thie Terhadap Anak-Anak Mereka Di Desa Tanah Merah Kabupaten Kupang Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur
Authors:   Prodi Sosiologi Fisip Universitas Nusa Cendana Kupang, Nope Hotlif Arkilaus , Oiladang Chrisistomus S , Samsuriady Samsuriady
Published: October 2021

Tingkat perceraian pasangan suami istri di Indonesia terus merangkak naik, bahkan per Agustus 2020 jumlahnya sudah mencapai 306.688 kasus sehingga berdampak langsung terhadap anak-anak dari keluarga yang bercerai, khususnya pada anak dari Suku Rote Thie di Desa Tanah Merah Kabupaten Kupang. Pada tahun 2019 angka perceraian di Kabupaten Kupang masih tinggi dengan jumlah 92 kasus. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif, validitas data diuji mengggunakan teknik triangulasi dan teknik analisis data model interaktif dari Miles dan Huberman (1992). Hasil temuan diketahui bahwa bahwa dampak perceraian orangtua dari keluarga suku Rote Thie terhadap anak di Desa Tanah Merah Kabupaten Kupang dari sisi hukum terkait dengan status hubungan suami-istri, dampak sosiologis menyangkut interaksi sosial dengan orangtua dan penerimaan keluarga besar dari kedua belah pihak terhadap mereka, serta jarak sosial dalam interkasi sosial dengan masyarakat dan komunitas sosial, dampak ekonomi dimana kebutuhannya relatif tidak terpenuhi dan dampak psikologis dimana anak-anak korban perceraian keluarga Suku Rote Thie di Desa Tanah Merah cenderung mengalami perasaan tidak menentu karena anak-anak ini hidup dalam pergunjingan masyarakat sekitar. Kata kunci: Perceraian; Anak; Dampak
Validitas Metode Real Time PCR GeneXpert pada Suspek TB Paru BTA Negatif di RSUD Dr. Doris Sylvanus
Authors: Permatasari Silvani , Vrenika Vani , Felicia Florence , Malasinta Malasinta , Eriani Ria , Saraswati Ni Putu , Irayanti Mery
Published: October 2021

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Indonesia is one of the developing countries with high TB patients in the world. The most common detection used for TB diagnosis is sputum smear examination. Smear negative pulmonary TB still have a risk of infection and can develop into active. The GeneXpert molecular examination is a rapid diagnosis of TB by the real-time PCR method. The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of GeneXpert in smear-negative pulmonary TB compared to Lowenstein Jensen's culture. The design of this diagnostic test study is a cross-sectional study. The study was conducted on 40 people with smear-negative pulmonary TB suspect patients in Dr. Doris Sylvanus Regional Hospital. Sputum examination was performed with GeneXpert and compared with Lowenstein Jensen culture. The results of GeneXpert validity for diagnosing smear-negative pulmonary TB suspect are sensitivity 81.8%, specificity 96.5%, positive predictive value 90%, negative predictive value 93.3%, and accuracy 92.5%. It was concluded that GeneXpert has sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and high accuracy as a diagnostic tool in smear-negative pulmonary TB suspects.
Identifikasi Bakteri Escherichia coli Susu Kedelai Murni di Pasar Jodoh Kota Batam
Authors: Hainil Sri , Elfasyari Trie Yuni , Sulistya Rofina Intan
Published: October 2021

Pure soy milk is a highly nutritious drink; in general, pure soy milk contains excellent content for the body in the form of protein, iron, phosphorus, carbohydrates, fat, provitamin A and B vitamins. Causing pure soy milk to contain or be contaminated with microorganisms. one of the microorganisms found in drinks or water is the Coliform bacteria. An example of Coliform bacteria is Escherichia coli. Escherichia coli is a bacterium that lives in the human intestine; these bacteria live as normal flora or can be called a collection of microorganisms, naturally present in normal and healthy human bodies. The research objective was to determine the presence or absence of Escherichia coli in pure soy milk sold in Jodoh Market, Batam City. This study uses the Most Probable Number (MPN) method. The results of the study on 10 samples of pure soy milk A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J and 2 samples of soy milk branded K, and L contained coliform bacteria, and there were 6 Escherichia coli bacteria in soy milk samples. Pure A, B, C, D, G, and on samples of soy milk branded K. The results of the examination of 12 samples of soy milk were found not to meet the requirements of the Indonesian National Standard (INS 01 – 3830 – 1995).