bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self‐Powered and High‐Performance Alternating Current Photodetectors to enhance Broadband Photodetection
Authors: Singh Ranveer , Kumar Mohit , Kim Unjeong , Seo Hyungtak
Published: July 2022

Self‐powered broadband photodetectors that are easy to fabricate and convenient to operate are highly desirable in numerous optoelectronic applications; however, achieving a fast response time with high sensitivity remains a daunting challenge to their widespread use. In this study, a self‐powered, high‐performance alternating current photodetector is fabricated by coating plasmonic Au nanoparticles (NPs) onto MoO3. The self‐powered photodetector shows high detectivity (≈4.6 × 1010 Jones) and a good responsivity of 3.8 µA W−1, due to the alternating current photovoltaic effect. The photodetector exhibits a rapid response with the rise and fall times of 35 and 48 ms, respectively, under self‐biased conditions. Conductive atomic force microscopy demonstrates nanoscale charge transport and current generation, suggesting the possibility of fabricating a sub‐nanometer (≈50 nm) sized photodetector. Results thus observed are attributed to the relative shift and realignment between quasi‐Fermi levels under non‐equilibrium conditions, caused by inhomogeneous charge carrier generation. The results presented in this study introduce a simple approach to enhance self‐powered broadband photodetection while enabling high‐performance for advanced optoelectronic applications in the future; these applications include smart security, optical communication, digital display, and sensing, amongst others.
H2O‐Boosted MgProton Collaborated Energy Storage for Rechargeable Mg‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Yang Chaoran , Pu Zhichen , Jiang Zhenfei , Gao Xiaowen , Wang Kewei , Wang Shiyang , Chai Yuming , Li Qi , Wu Xuejun , Xiao Yunlong , Xu Dongsheng
Published: July 2022

Rechargeable magnesium batteries (RMBs) are a kind of energy storage system with high safety, low cost, and high volumetric energy density. In general perception, H2O will passivate the Mg‐metal anode. But herein, a coordination–hydrolysis strategy is developed, in which H2O can be used as an additive to produce dissociated H+. Moreover, MgH+ energy storage mechanism is discovered on CuSe cathode, which helps the specific capacity and energy density enhance to 480 mAh g−1 and 413 Wh kg−1, respectively. This coordination–hydrolysis strategy also promotes the conductivity and electron transfer ability of electrolyte. Consequently, the specific capacity can remain 247 mAh g−1 even at 2 A g−1. MgH+ energy storage route gets rid of massive cathode material, and protons have the smallest size and lightest weight, whose theoretical energy density can reach 4230 Wh kg−1. The results elucidated here provide a new route for energy‐dense RMBs.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydroaryloxy‐ and Hydroalkoxycarbonylation of Cyclopropenes
Authors: Yu Rongrong , Cai Song‐Zhou , Li Can , Fang Xianjie
Published: July 2022

The asymmetric Reppe carbonylation reactions provide a straightforward access toα‐chiral carbonyl compounds. The reported paradigms predominantly adopted precious palladium as the catalyst. Here we report a nickel‐catalyzed asymmetric carbonylation of cyclopropenes with phenyl formate and CO/ROH, respectively. This asymmetrical synthetic protocol features high atom economy, good functional group tolerance, which rapidly constructs polysubstituted cyclopropanecarboxylic derivatives with excellent diastereo‐ and enantioselectivity. The synthetic utility is demonstrated by facile conversion of the chiral products into bioactive molecules such as (−)‐Tranylcypromine and (−)‐Lemborexant.
Live‐Cell Imaging of Sterculic Acid—a Naturally Occurring 1,2‐Cyclopropene Fatty Acid—by Bioorthogonal Reaction with Turn‐On Tetrazine‐Fluorophore Conjugates**
Authors: Bertheussen Kristine , van de Plassche Merel , Bakkum Thomas , Gagestein Berend , Ttofi Iakovia , Sarris Alexi J. C. , Overkleeft Herman S. , van der Stelt Mario , van Kasteren Sander I.
Published: July 2022

In the field of lipid research, bioorthogonal chemistry has made the study of lipid uptake and processing in living systems possible, whilst minimising biological properties arising from detectable pendant groups. To allow the study of unsaturated free fatty acids in live cells, we here report the use of sterculic acid, a 1,2‐cyclopropene‐containing oleic acid analogue, as a bioorthogonal probe. We show that this lipid can be readily taken up by dendritic cells without toxic side effects, and that it can subsequently be visualised using an inverse electron‐demand Diels–Alder reaction with quenched tetrazine‐fluorophore conjugates. In addition, the lipid can be used to identify changes in protein oleoylation after immune cell activation. Finally, this reaction can be integrated into a multiplexed bioorthogonal reaction workflow by combining it with two sequential copper‐catalysed Huisgen ligation reactions. This allows for the study of multiple biomolecules in the cell simultaneously by multimodal confocal imaging.
Synthesis and characterization of bio‐based poly(ethylene 2,5‐furandicarboxylate)‐b‐poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) copolymers
Authors: Zhang Wei , Wang Qingyin , Wang Gongying , Liu Shaoying
Published: July 2022

The block copolymers PEF/PBAT were synthesized by copolymerizing ethylene 2,5‐furandicarboxylate (EF) with totally biodegradable poly (butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT). The copolymers' molecular chain structure, thermal properties, thermal stability, and mechanical properties were investigated, and the toughening mechanism was preliminarily studied via the micromorphology. The results revealed that the prepared block copolymers were amorphous, the thermal stability of PEF was improved, while the glass transition temperature decreased with the increase of PBAT content. PBAT was enhancing the tensile strength and elongation at break of PEF simultaneously. When the PBAT content was 25% (PEF/PBAT‐25), the brittle‐ductile transition occurred, with the tensile strength, Young's modulus and elongation at break of 72 MPa, 3210 MPa and 287%, respectively. The copolymers have broad application in the field of packaging materials.
Drug re‐engineering and repurposing: A significant and rapid approach to tuberculosis drug discovery
Authors: Reddy Dinesh S. , Sinha Anamika , Kumar Amit , Saini Vipin K.
Published: July 2022

The prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) remains the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent, ranking it above all other contagious diseases. The problem to tackle this disease seems to become even worse due to the outbreak of SARS‐CoV‐2. Further, the complications related to drug‐resistant TB, prolonged treatment regimens, and synergy between TB and HIV are significant drawbacks. There are several drugs to treat TB, but there is still no rapid and accurate treatment available. Intensive research is, therefore, necessary to discover newer molecular analogs that can probably eliminate this disease within a short span. An increase in efficacy can be achieved through re‐engineering old TB‐drug families and repurposing known drugs. These two approaches have led to the production of newer classes of compounds with novel mechanisms to treat multidrug‐resistant strains. With respect to this context, we discuss structural aspects of developing new anti‐TB drugs as well as examine advances in TB drug discovery. It was found that the fluoroquinolone, oxazolidinone, and nitroimidazole classes of compounds have greater potential to be further explored for TB drug development. Most of the TB drug candidates in the clinical phase are modified versions of these classes of compounds. Therefore, here we anticipate that modification or repurposing of these classes of compounds has a higher probability to reach the clinical phase of drug development. The information provided will pave the way for researchers to design and identify newer molecular analogs for TB drug development and also broaden the scope of exploring future‐generation potent, yet safer anti‐TB drugs.
Recent Advances of Natural Polysaccharide‐based Double‐network Hydrogels for Tissue Repair
Authors: Wang Hufei , Wang Xing , Wu Decheng
Published: July 2022

Natural polysaccharide hydrogels have been extensively explored for many years due to their outstanding biocompatibility and biodegradability, which are very promising candidates as artificial soft materials for biomedical applications. However, their inferior mechanical performances greatly limited their applications. Introduction of double‐network (DN) structure has been well documented to be an efficient strategy for significant improvement of the mechanical property of hydrogels. Here, recent progress of natural polysaccharide‐based DN hydrogels is reviewed from the perspective of fundamental concepts on both design rationale and preparation strategies to biomedical application in tissue repair. Retrospect of the DN‐strengthened polysaccharide hydrogels can give a deep insight into the fundamental relationship of such bio‐based hydrogels among structural design, mechanical properties and practical demands, thereby prompting their translation to clinical application prospects.
The role of risk, regret, and rejoice in non‐instrumental information seeking
Authors: Mechera‐Ostrovsky Tehilla , Liew Shi Xian , Newell Ben R.
Published: July 2022

Standard theories suggest that humans should seek information only when it can help them make better decisions. However, recent work suggests that people choose to seek information even when it cannot influence the outcome of a choice. Across three experiments, we examined how this preference for non‐instrumental information was related to the risk, regret, and rejoice associated with different choices. Experiment 1 examined how risk preference informed the appetite for non‐instrumental information and tested how risk and information preference in a gamble‐task related to the desire for knowledge across a range of hypothetical real‐world scenarios. In Experiment 2, we tested how risk, operationalized as variance, related to non‐instrumental information seeking when allowing participants to mentally simulate the potential outcomes of gambles. In Experiment 3, we provided explicit feedback about forgone options, intending to make the potential for regret or rejoice more salient. Taken together, our results show a consistent appetite for information that was robust to changes across all experimental manipulations. We found some evidence of a positive correlation between the desire for knowledge and the level of anticipated regret (Experiment 1), but overall, our data appear more consistent with the idea that non‐instrumental information seeking is driven by a general aversion to uncertainty than by an attempt to regulate specific future emotions.
Snail acetylation by autophagy‐derived acetyl‐coenzyme A promotes invasion and metastasis of KRAS‐LKB1 co‐mutated lung cancer cells
Authors: Han Jang Hee , Kim Yong Keon , Kim Hakhyun , Lee Jooyoung , Oh Myung Joon , Kim Sang Bum , Kim Minjee , Kim Kook Hwan , Yoon Hyun Ju , Lee Myung‐Shik , Minna John D. , White Michael A. , Kim Hyun Seok
Published: July 2022

Background

Autophagy is elevated in metastatic tumors and is often associated with active epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the extent to which EMT is dependent on autophagy is largely unknown. This study aimed to identify the mechanisms by which autophagy facilitates EMT.

Methods

We employed a liquid chromatography‐based metabolomic approach with kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene (KRAS) and liver kinase B1 (LKB1) gene co‐mutated (KL) cells that represent an autophagy/EMT‐coactivated invasive lung cancer subtype for the identification of metabolites linked to autophagy‐driven EMT activation. Molecular mechanisms of autophagy‐driven EMT activation were further investigated by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), Western blotting analysis, immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence staining, and metabolite assays. The effects of chemical and genetic perturbations on autophagic flux were assessed by two orthogonal approaches: microtubule‐associated protein 1A/1B‐light chain 3 (LC3) turnover analysis by Western blotting and monomeric red fluorescent protein‐green fluorescent protein (mRFP‐GFP)‐LC3 tandem fluorescent protein quenching assay. Transcription factor EB (TFEB) activity was measured by coordinated lysosomal expression and regulation (CLEAR) motif‐driven luciferase reporter assay. Experimental metastasis (tail vein injection) mouse models were used to evaluate the impact of calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CAMKK2) or ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) inhibitors on lung metastasis using IVIS luciferase imaging system.

Results

We found that autophagy in KL cancer cells increased acetyl‐coenzyme A (acetyl‐CoA), which facilitated the acetylation and stabilization of the EMT‐inducing transcription factor Snail. The autophagy/acetyl‐CoA/acetyl‐Snail axis was further validated in tumor tissues and in autophagy‐activated pancreatic cancer cells. TFEB acetylation in KL cancer cells sustained pro‐metastatic autophagy in a mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)‐independent manner. Pharmacological inhibition of this axis via CAMKK2 inhibitors or ACLY inhibitors consistently reduced the metastatic capacity of KL cancer cells in vivo.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that autophagy‐derived acetyl‐CoA promotes Snail acetylation and thereby facilitates invasion and metastasis of KRAS‐LKB1 co‐mutated lung cancer cells and that inhibition of the autophagy/acetyl‐CoA/acetyl‐Snail axis using CAMKK2 or ACLY inhibitors could be a potential therapeutic strategy to suppress metastasis of KL lung cancer.
Anaemia and pathologic complete response rate according to carboplatin dose in HER2+ breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant TCHP
Authors: Ji Jung Hwan , Bae Soong June , Kim Seul‐Gi , Kim Min Hwan , Kim Gun‐Min , Sohn Joohyuk , Jeong Joon , Kim Jee Hung , Ahn Sung Gwe
Published: July 2022

Grade 3/4 anaemia, which is mainly induced by carboplatin, frequently occurs in patients treated with neoadjuvant docetaxel/carboplatin/trastuzumab/pertuzumab (TCHP). However, dose reduction of carboplatin may raise concerns about the oncological outcome. This study investigated the pathologic complete response (pCR) rate, occurrence of grade 3/4 anaemia, and transfusion rate according to carboplatin dose in patients treated with neoadjuvant TCHP. We retrospectively analysed 294 patients treated with neoadjuvant TCHP between April 2015 and December 2020. Case matching was performed using propensity score matching. Among patients treated with neoadjuvant TCHP, carboplatin area under the plasma concentration–time curve 6 (AUC6) was used in 234 patients (79.6%) and upfront carboplatin AUC5 was used in 60 patients (20.4%). No significant difference in pCR rate was found between the two groups (AUC6: 70.9%, AUC5: 80.0%). In both oestrogen receptor‐positive (ER+) and ER‐ patients, no significant differences were observed between the AUC6 and AUC5 groups (ER+: 54.3% vs. 50.0%, ER‐: 81.7% vs. 86.0%). The case‐matched cohort showed consistent findings. The AUC5 group had lower frequencies of grade 3/4 anaemia (18.3% vs. 34.2%) and transfusion events (10.0% vs. 21.8%) than the AUC6 group. Compared with AUC5, carboplatin at AUC6 would associate with a 2.7‐fold increased risk of grade 3 or 4 chemotherapy‐induced anaemia. Carboplatin AUC5 has comparable cytotoxic effects to carboplatin AUC6 in patients with HER2+ breast cancer treated with six cycles of neoadjuvant TCHP, with fewer complications associated with clinically meaningful anaemia. AUC5 may be the optimal carboplatin dose to reduce TCHP‐induced anaemia in patients with HER2+ breast cancer treated with TCHP.
Anticancer Water‐Soluble Organoruthenium Complexes: Synthesis and Preclinical Evaluation
Authors: Azmanova Maria , Rafols Laia , Cooper Patricia A. , Seaton Colin C. , Shnyder Steven D. , Pitto‐Barry Anaïs
Published: July 2022

The synthesis, characterisation, and evaluation of the in vitro cytotoxicity of five maleonitriledithiolate‐based ruthenium metal complexes bearing various phosphine ligands towards two ovarian cancer cell lines (A2780 and A2780cisR), one non‐small‐cell lung cancer cell line (H460) and one normal prostate cell line (PNT2) are presented herein. These 18‐electron complexes were designed with four water‐soluble phosphine ligands to increase the water‐solubility character of the corresponding electron‐deficient ruthenium complex which showed great in vitro promises, and triphenylphosphine for comparison. The complexes with triphenylphosphine‐3,3′,3′′‐trisulfonic acid and triphenylphosphine present similar cytotoxicity compared to the 16‐electron precursor, with equal cytotoxicity to both A2780 and A2780cisR. Hints at the mechanism of action suggest an apoptotic pathway based on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. No toxicity was observed in preliminary in vivo pilot studies for these two complexes in subcutaneous A2780 and A2780cisR xenograft models, with some evidence of tumour growth delay.
Bioconjugation Strategies for Tobacco Mild Green Mosaic Virus
Authors: González‐Gamboa Ivonne , Caparco Adam A. , McCaskill Justin M. , Steinmetz Nicole F.
Published: July 2022

Tobacco mild green mosaic virus (TMGMV) is a plant virus closely related to Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), sharing many of its structural and chemical features. These rod‐shaped viruses, comprised of 2130 identical coat protein subunits, have been utilized as nanotechnological platforms for a myriad of applications, ranging from drug delivery to precision agriculture. This versatility for functionalization is due to their chemically active external and internal surfaces. While both viruses are similar, they do exhibit some key differences in their surface chemistry, suggesting the reactive residue distribution on TMGMV should not overlap with TMV. In this work, we focused on the establishment and refinement of chemical bioconjugation strategies to load molecules into or onto TMGMV for targeted delivery. A combination of NHS, EDC, and diazo coupling reactions in combination with click chemistry were used to modify the N‐terminus, glutamic/aspartic acid residues, and tyrosines in TMGMV. We report loading with over 600 moieties per TMGMV via diazo‐coupling, which is a >3‐fold increase compared to previous studies. We also report that cargo can be loaded to the solvent‐exposed N‐terminus and carboxylates on the exterior/interior surfaces. Mass spectrometry revealed the most reactive sites to be Y12 and Y72, both tyrosine side chains are located on the exterior surface. For the carboxylates, interior E106 (66.53 %) was the most reactive for EDC‐propargylamine coupled reactions, with the exterior E145 accounting for >15 % reactivity, overturning previous assumptions that only interior glutamic acid residues are accessible. A deeper understanding of the chemical properties of TMGMV further enables its functionalization and use as a multifunctional nanocarrier platform for applications in medicine and precision farming.
Pentachloropseudilin Treatment Impairs Host Cell Invasion by Trypanosoma cruzi
Authors: Spirandelli da Costa Mylla , Borges Bruna Cristina , Marques Isabella Teixeira , de Oliveira Rayane Cristina , Teixeira Thaise Lara , de Gouveia Santos Julia , da Silva Claudio Vieira
Published: July 2022

Pentachloropseudilin (PClP) is a reversible and allosteric inhibitor of type 1 myosin. Here, we addressed the impact of PClP treatment of Trypanosoma cruzi and mammalian host cell on the parasite migration, cell adhesion and invasion. We observed that PClP was not toxic to either T. cruzi or host cell. Moreover, treatment of T. cruzi with PClP inhabited parasite motility, host cell adhesion and invasion. Treatment of host cell with PClP also impaired parasite invasion probably by decreasing lysosome migration to the entry site of the parasite. Therefore, PClP treatment impaired fundamental processes necessary for a successful T. cruzi infection.
Cleavable Linker Incorporation into a Synthetic Dye‐Nanobody‐Fluorescent Protein Assembly: FRET, FLIM and STED Microscopy
Authors: Aktalay Ayse , Ponsot Flavien , Bossi Mariano L. , Belov Vladimir N. , Hell Stefan W.
Published: July 2022

A bright and photostable fluorescent dye with a disulfide (S−S) linker and maleimide group (Rho594‐S2‐mal), as cleavable and reactive sites, was synthesized and conjugated with anti‐GFP nanobodies (NB). The binding of EGFP (FRET donor) with anti‐GFP NB labeled with one or two Rho594‐S2‐mal residues was studied in vitro and in cellulo. The linker was cleaved with dithiothreitol recovering the donor (FP) signal. The bioconjugates (FP‐NB‐dye) were applied in FRET‐FLIM assays, confocal imaging, and superresolution STED microscopy.
The Coordination Chemistry of f‐Block Elements in Molten Salts
Authors: Jiang Shilin , Liu Yalan , Wang Lin , Chai Zhifang , Shi Wei‐Qun
Published: July 2022

The coordination chemistry of f‐block elements (lanthanide and actinide) in molten salts has become a resounding topic in view of its great importance to the research and development (R&D) of molten salt reactors and pyroprocessing. In this Review article, a general overview of the coordination chemistry of f‐block elements in molten salts is provided including past achievements and recent advances. Particular emphases are placed on the oxidation state, speciation, and solution structure of f‐block metal ions in molten salts, as well as their relationships with the salt composition. Furthermore, this review briefly discusses the spectroscopic and theoretical methods that complement each other in revealing the coordination properties.
Thermogravimetric kinetic analysis of the Ce‐Zr composite oxygen carrier prepared by ball milling
Authors: Zhang Weixiang , Liu Yongbin , Zhao Qingpeng , Liu Dawei , Ma Xiaoxun , Xu Long
Published: July 2022

A series of zirconium‐doped cerium‐based composite oxygen carriers were prepared using the ball milling method. The results from X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), H2‐temperature programmed reduction experiments (H2‐TPR), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) show that a solid solution, formed from CeO2 and ZrO2, possesses a mesoporous structure and exhibits excellent reaction performance. In addition, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with an addition amount of 5 wt.% greatly increased the specific surface area of oxygen carriers, thereby improving the activity of solid solutions. In order to further understand the performance of oxygen carriers, the kinetics of H2 reduction of oxygen carriers was studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The three‐dimensional diffusion model showed the best fitting effect among four typical models (viz., the diffusion‐controlled model, the unreacted shrinking core model, the uniform model, and the nucleation‐nuclei growth model). Finally, the activation energies of CeO2, Ce9Zr1Oδ, and 5 wt.% CNTs Ce9Zr1Oδ were 223.92, 170.96, and 128.60 kJ/mol, respectively, which also correspond with the reactivity sequence of the oxygen carriers.
Layered monitoring of xylenol tail gas treatment process based on stationary subspace analysis
Authors: Xu Feihong , Luan Xiaoli , Liu Fei
Published: July 2022

To deal with the inaccurate monitoring caused by the non‐stationary characteristics of the xylenol tail gas treatment process, a layered monitoring scenario utilizing stationary subspace analysis has been presented in the present study. First, principal component analysis (PCA) is applied to establish the upper‐level stationary monitoring model. Then the sliding time window is used to capture the dynamic information of the remaining non‐stationary features, update the model, and establish the lower non‐stationary monitoring model. Next, the Bayesian information criterion is employed to build the global monitoring model according to the detection results of the upper and lower layers. Finally, the industrial data collected from the industrial boiler is used to evaluate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed method. It is demonstrated that layered monitoring has higher accuracy than conventional non‐stationary process monitoring techniques. Moreover, it can capture the faults in the stationary features masked by the non‐stationary features.
B‐SCORE – A blockchain based hybrid chaotic signatures for medical image encryption in an IoT environment
Authors: R Naga Priyadarsini , Sathia Bhama Ponsy RK
Published: July 2022

Internet of things (IoT) has evolved exponentially in the recent years and its applications are also being explored in the medical field. Due to this, the volume of medical images transmitted has increased multifold. Usage of IoT networks for medical image transmission has significantly reduced the time needed for clinical diagnosis and thereby increasing treatment efficiency. However at present, IoT networks are open to various security threats, which may affect the sensitive and private information that are present in patient's medical image datasets. Existing studies reveal the need of improvisation for secured medical data transmission over IoT networks. In the context to IoT security issues, this research paper proposes blockchain architecture integrated with chaotic encrypted medical image transmission to ensure the high security in medical image transmission. The proposed system incorporates tri‐layered architecture such as Image Aware Segmentation (IAS), hybrid chaotic encryption scheme and finally blockchain environment. The extensive experimentation has been carried out in which the performance parameters such as entropy, NACI and UACI (Number of Pixel Change Ratio and Unified Average Changed Intensity) were calculated and analyzed. It is found that the proposed architecture has NPCR as 99.65%, UACI as 33.95% and entropy ideally close to 8. Encryption results show that the proposed architecture exhibited more randomness, which can defend the IoT security threats.
Flavor quality and composition of accession resources in the North Carolina State University peanut breeding program
Authors: Fritz Katelyn R. , Dean Lisa L. , Hendrix Keith W. , Andres Ryan J. , Newman Cassondra S. , Oakley Andrew T. , Clevenger Josh P. , Dunne Jeffrey C.
Published: July 2022

Plant breeders often focus on production traits such as yield and disease resistance, whereas quality traits such as flavor are given low priority. Food manufacturers and consumers have expressed interest in superior flavor experiences suggesting that flavor attributes should play a more prominent role in selection. Flavor attributes were evaluated among a subset of the North Carolina State University (NCSU) peanut germplasm collection to simplify flavor analysis and selection, confirm a recent lack of progress in flavor improvement and identify new sources of flavor improvement in Virginia‐type peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Multivariate and principal component analysis identified 11 flavor attributes and five principal components that should facilitate selection of improved peanut flavor. Analysis of historical variety trial data identified a significant deterioration in the roast peanut flavor and a modest improvement in other critical flavor attributes over the last 20 yr. Based on these findings, the accessions ‘Chimera’ and ‘NC Bunch’ were chosen to initiate a crossing program to develop Virginia‐type peanut cultivars with improved roast peanut flavor.
Memristor‐based circuit design of continuously adjustable direct‐current voltage source
Authors: Ding Zhixia , Su Ting , Li Sai , Yang Le
Published: July 2022

Direct‐current (DC) voltage source is an essential part in many occasions such as integrated systems and laboratory electricity, which can provide a stable and continuous voltage supply. Traditional voltage sources are frequently designed by bipolar junction and field effect transistors. Compared with these devices, memristors have lower power consumption and smaller size. At present, memristors have been used in the design of logic circuits and other functional circuits, which could provide a new idea for applying memristors into the design of DC voltage sources. In this paper, a memristor‐based circuit design of continuously adjustable DC voltage source is proposed for the first time. The proposed DC voltage source circuit only consists of two modules and has a simple structure. In addition, the output voltage amplitude of this voltage source can be continuously adjusted by the application of a control signal due to the utility of the memristor. The operation process of the whole circuit and the mathematical model between the input and output are analyzed in detail, which is greatly beneficial for use and expansion. Finally, the effectiveness of the circuit is verified in PSPICE, and the accuracy of the output amplitude of the voltage source is also investigated.
Associations of maternal emotion regulation with child white matter connectivity in Black American mother–child dyads
Authors: Wang Chenyang , La Barrie Dominique L. , Powers Abigail , Stenson Anais F. , van Rooij Sanne J. H. , Stevens Jennifer S. , Jovanovic Tanja , Bradley Bekh , McGee Robin E. , Fani Negar
Published: July 2022

Parental emotion regulation plays a major role in parent‐child interactions, and in turn, neural plasticity in children, particularly during sensitive developmental periods. However, little is known about how parental emotion dysregulation is associated with variation in children's brain structure, which was the goal of this study. Forty‐five Black American mother–child dyads were recruited from an intergenerational trauma study; emotion regulation in mothers and their children (age 8–13 years) was assessed. Diffusion‐weighted images were collected in children; deterministic tractography was used to reconstruct pathways of relevance to emotion regulation. Metrics of white matter connectivity [fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD)] were extracted for pathways. Socio‐economic variables were also included in statistical models. Maternal emotion dysregulation was the strongest predictor of child fornix MD (r = .35, p = .001), indicating that more severe emotion dysregulation in mothers corresponded with lower fornix connectivity in children. Maternal impulsivity was a strong predictor of child fornix MD (r = .51, p < .001). Maternal emotion dysregulation may adversely influence connectivity of the child.s fornix, a hippocampal‐striatal pathway implicated in reward processes; these associations remained even after accounting for other socio‐environmental factors. Dysregulated maternal emotions may uniquely impact children's adaptation to trauma/stress by affecting networks that support appetitive processing.
Room‐temperature synthesis of flower‐like hierarchical architecture of BiOI and enhanced photocatalytic activity: Application of response surface methodology
Authors: Hai Nguyen Thi Thanh , Long Pham Hai , Tu Vu Van , Thang Phan Quang , Nghia Nguyen Manh
Published: July 2022

Flower‐like bismuth oxyiodide (BiOI) hierarchical microspheres were synthesized successfully at room temperature in the presence of ethylene glycol and KI as solvent and iodide source, respectively and applied for the photocatalytic degradation of levofloxacin from aqueous media under visible light irradiation. Optimal conditions for the synthesis and photocatalytic processes were obtained by using the response surface methodology (RSM) combined with central composite design (CCD). Based on the CCD, the quadratic model represents the relationship between the following factors: reactant concentration (0.009–0.116 mol/L), percentage of ethylene glycol (15%–85%) for synthesis processes and contact time (12–108 min), BiOI dosage (0.05–2.45 g/L), and initial concentration (1.1–5.9 mg/L) for photocatalytic processes. The obtained BiOI structures were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nitrogen adsorption (BET), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy. The results show that the proposed quadratic model in accordance with the experiment results in an R2 value and lack of fit F‐values of 0.9987 and 2.79 for synthesis processes, and 0.9977 and 3.06 for photocatalytic processes. It was observed that ethylene glycol not only acted as a solvent but was also a soft temple for the fabrication of flower‐like BiOI hierarchical microspheres. The optimum conditions of reactant concentration and percentage of ethylene glycol for synthesis processes were obtained at 0.063 mol/L and 85%, respectively. Additionally, under visible light irradiation, the synthesized flower‐like BiOI hierarchical microspheres can remove levofloxacin up to 99%. The optimum conditions of contact time, BiOI dosage, and levofloxacin initial concentration for photocatalytic processes were obtained at 90 min, 2 g/L, and 2 mg/L, respectively.
Designing green IoT communication by adaptive spotted hyena tunicate swarm optimization‐based cluster head selection
Authors: Das Anupam
Published: July 2022

The Internet of Things (IoT) has completely transformed the digital as well as virtual worlds of interconnected objects. In today's environment, the IoT describes a critical enabler for a broader variety of applications. Energy is at the center of the smart IoT application that allows the sensors to function. The sensors' ability to perform efficiently is hampered by rapid energy loss. To avoid the rapid loss of energy from sensors in the IoT, and energy‐effective method is necessary. Because heuristic approaches are not ideal for these issues and may turn into NP‐hard problems, meta‐heuristic techniques are mainly successful in solving various problems with near‐optimal solutions. This paper intends to develop a novel clustering protocol in Green IoT using a well‐performing novel hybrid adaptive meta‐heuristic algorithm. Here, an energy‐efficient clustering is performed by the hybrid spotted hyena optimization (SHO) and tunicate swarm algorithm (TSA) referred to as adaptive spotted hyena tunicate swarm optimization (ASHTSO) by deriving a multi‐objective function with “distance, energy, delay, security, and QoS”. The simulation findings show that the suggested technique outperforms existing algorithms significantly.
Clarifying the synergistic effects of emotion dysregulation and inhibitory control on physical aggression
Authors: Bounoua Nadia , Spielberg Jeffrey M. , Sadeh Naomi
Published: July 2022

Rising rates of violence underscore the need to better understand how systems that regulate distress and impulse control jointly modulate aggression risk. The goals of the current study were to investigate the unique and interactive effects of emotional dysregulation and inhibitory control on the perpetration of physical aggression. We recruited a high‐risk community sample of 206 adults (M/SDage = 33.55/10.89 years old; 47.1% female) who reported a range of physically aggressive behaviors. All participants completed a self‐report measure (Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale), neuropsychological testing (Color Word Interference Test), and clinical interviewing (Lifetime History of Aggression Interview), and a subset of individuals (n = 134) underwent a neuroanatomical scan. As expected, the interplay of emotional and inhibitory control explained unique variance in physical aggression above and beyond their main effects. The positive association between emotion dysregulation and aggression strengthened as inhibitory control decreased. Cortical thickness in two right prefrontal clusters, one that peaked in the superior frontal gyrus and one that peaked in the caudal middle frontal gyrus, was also associated with the interactive effects of emotional dysregulation and inhibitory control. Notably, thickness in the superior frontal gyrus mediated the association between emotion dysregulation and physical aggression at low levels of inhibitory control. Using a multilevel and multimethod approach, the present study revealed neuroanatomical correlates of emotion–cognition interactions that have translational relevance to violence perpetration. These findings extend previous work primarily focused on functional‐based neural assessments and point to the utility of examining neuroanatomical correlates of emotion–cognition interactions for understanding human aggression.
An analysis of the use of the relative source contribution term in derivation of drinking water standards using perfluorooctanoic acid as an example
Authors: Lindborg Analise , Bradley Ann , Durda Judi
Published: July 2022

The relative source contribution (RSC) term has long been used by the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and state regulatory agencies in setting criteria in water. The RSC reflects the proportion of the total daily intake of a chemical that can be derived from water when all other sources of exposure (e.g., food, air) are considered. This term is applied by the USEPA and state regulatory agencies when deriving ambient water quality criteria, maximum contaminant level goals, and drinking water health advisories for noncarcinogenic and threshold carcinogenic compounds. The value assigned to the RSC term affects the calculated criteria directly, with the allowable concentration in water decreasing with a decreasing RSC. A default RSC value of 20%—applied by regulatory entities in the USA for more than 40 years—assumes that 80% of an individual's exposure to a chemical's reference dose is from nonwater sources. Although the RSC is a chemical-specific parameter, there are few instances where a value other than the default of 20% has been approved and used. In 2000, USEPA outlined the process for developing chemical-specific RSC values, yet primary use of the default RSC value has continued since then. This article reviews USEPA's methodology for deriving chemical-specific RSC values and provides a case example using perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) to explore how the USEPA and state regulatory agencies are applying USEPA's guidance. The case study highlights inconsistent derivation of the RSC term, rooted in limitations in the current methodology. We suggest additional clarification of and more thoughtful use of the available data that may not meet USEPA's current adequacy requirements. We also recommend that the USEPA discuss recommendations for using biomonitoring data to set RSCs. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:605–612. © 2022 SETAC
Beneficial effect of polyphenols in COVID‐19 and the ectopic F1FO‐ATP synthase: Is there a link?
Authors: Panfoli Isabella , Esposito Alfonso
Published: July 2022

COVID‐19 has been proposed to be an endothelial disease, as endothelial damage and oxidative stress contribute to its systemic inflammatory and thrombotic events. Polyphenols, natural antioxidant compounds appear as promising agents to prevent and treat COVID‐19. Polyphenols bind and inhibit the F1Fo‐ATP synthase rotary catalysis. An early target of polyphenols may be the ectopic F1Fo‐ATP synthase expressed on the endothelial plasma membrane. Among the pleiotropic beneficial action of polyphenols in COVID‐19, modulation of the ecto‐F1Fo‐ATP synthase, lowering the oxidative stress produced by the electron transfer chain coupled to it, would not be negligible.
Research advances of N6‐methyladenosine in diagnosis and therapy of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Chen Sai , Ren Hefei , Zhang Xiaomin , Chang Liu , Wang Zhenhua , Wu Hongkun , Zhang Jiafeng , Ren Jigang , Zhou Lin
Published: July 2022

Background

N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) is the addition of a methyl group on the N6 position of adenosine and is the most prevalent and abundant epigenetic modification in eukaryote mRNA. m6A marks are added to mRNA by the m6A methyltransferase complex (“writers”), removed by m6A demethylases (“erasers”), and recognized by m6A‐binding proteins (“readers”). Recent evidence has shown that the m6A modification plays a crucial role in the pathogenic mechanism and malignant progression of pancreatic cancer, with roles in cell survival, proliferation, migration, invasion, tumor metastasis, and drug resistance.

Methods

Literature was searched in Pubmed and Web of Science for the following keywords: “N6‐methyladenosine”, “pancreatic cancer”, “epigenetic modification”, “immunotherapy”.

Results

Among classical m6A regulators, while METTL3, METTL14, WTAP, FTO, YTHDF2, IGF2BP1–3, hnRNPC, and NKAP are upregulated in pancreatic cancer, METTL16 and ALKBH5 are downregulated in pancreatic cancer. m6A modification has been investigated in pancreatic cancer therapy.

Conclusion

Dysregulated m6A and its related factors in pancreatic cancer cells and patients indicate their potential values as novel biomarkers in pancreatic cancer diagnosis and targeted therapy.
IMPACT (Information Medically Pertinent in Acute Computed Tomography) requests: Delphi study to develop criteria standards for adequate clinical information in computed tomography requests in the Australian emergency department
Authors: Castillo Chelsea , Steffens Tom , Livesay Georgia , Sim Lawrence , Caffery Liam
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Inadequate clinical information in medical imaging requests negatively affects the clinical relevance of imaging performed and the quality of resultant radiology reports. Currently, there are no published Australian guidelines on what constitutes adequate clinical information in computed tomography (CT) requests. This study aimed to determine specific items of clinical information radiologists require in CT requests for acute chest, abdomen and blunt trauma examinations, to support optimal reporting.

Methods

A panel of 24 CT‐reporting consultant radiologists participated in this e‐Delphi consensus study. Panellists undertook multiple online survey rounds of open‐ended, dichotomous and Likert scale questions, receiving feedback following each. Round 1 responses formulated lists for each CT examination. Round 2 set a threshold of 80% agreement after dichotomous scoring. Round 3 accepted items which averaged 4 or more on a 5‐point Likert scale. Round 4 required panellists to rank items within the aggregated, accepted lists, based on panellists' perceived level of usefulness.

Results

The large numbers of round 1 items (chest: 101, abdomen: 76, blunt trauma: 80) were rationalised and grouped into categories to facilitate efficiency during subsequent rounds. Twenty‐three chest, 24 abdomen and 17 blunt trauma items met the 80% agreement threshold in round 2. Items below threshold were included in round 3; numbering 44, 19 and 23 for chest, abdomen and blunt trauma, respectively. Through the e‐Delphi process, we formulated clinical information criteria standards for three CT types.

Conclusions

The developed standards will guide Australian referrers in providing adequate clinical information in CT requests, to support optimal reporting, diagnosis and treatment.
Prevotella as the hub of the cervicovaginal microbiota affects the occurrence of persistent human papillomavirus infection and cervical lesions in women of childbearing age via host NF‐κB/C‐myc
Authors: Dong Binhua , Huang Yuxuan , Cai Hongning , Chen Yaojia , Li Ye , Zou Huachun , Lin Wenyu , Xue Huifeng , Feng Anping , Zhao Heping , Lu Yanfang , Gao Hangjing , Mao Xiaodan , Wu Zhihui , Pan Diling , Sun Pengming
Published: July 2022

There is evidence that coinfection of cervicovaginal high‐risk human papillomavirus (HR‐HPV) and bacteria is common in women of childbearing age. However, the relationship between bacterial vaginosis (BV) and persistent HR‐HPV infection in women of childbearing age and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we determined whether BV affects persistent HR‐HPV infection in women aged 20–45 years and explored the possible mechanisms of their interactions. From January 1 to April 30, 2020, we recruited women aged 20–45 years with and without BV at a ratio of 1:2 from Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital. All women were followed up at 0, 12, and 24 months. A BV assay, HR‐HPV genotyping and cervical cytology were performed at each follow‐up. At 0 months, additional vaginal secretions and cervical exfoliated cells were collected for 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing, bacterial metabolite determination, and POU5F1B, C‐myc, TLR4, NF‐κB, and hTERT quantification. A total of 920 women were included. The abundance of Prevotella (p = 0.016) and Gardnerella (p = 0.027) were higher, whereas the abundance of Lactobacillus was lower (p = 0.001) in women with persistent HR‐HPV infection and high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL). The abundance of Prevotella (p = 0.025) and Gardnerella (p = 0.018) increased in the vaginas of women with persistent HPV16 infection, whereas only the abundance of Prevotella (p = 0.026) was increased in women with persistent HPV18 infection. The abundance of Prevotella in the vagina was significantly positively correlated with the expression levels of TLR4, NF‐κB, C‐myc, and hTERT in host cervical cells (p < 0.05). Our findings suggest that overgrowth of Prevotella in the vagina may influence the occurrence of persistent HR‐HPV infection‐related cervical lesions through host NF‐κB and C‐myc signaling.
Stochastic processes shape the aggregation of free‐living and particle‐attached bacterial communities in the Yangtze River Estuary, China
Authors: Shi Jing , Zuo Yaqiang , Qu Wu , Liu Xuezhu , Fan Yingping , Cao Pinglin , Wang Jianxin
Published: July 2022

An estuary plays an important role in material and energy exchange between the land and sea, where complex physical, chemical, and biological processes occur. Here, we investigated the assembly processes of free‐living (FL) and particle‐associated (PA) bacterial communities in two seawater layers at five stations in the Yangtze River Estuary (YRE) by using 16S rRNA sequencing methods. The results indicated that Proteobacteria was the most abundant phylum in the YRE. The α‐diversity of PA community was significantly higher than FL community, and analysis of similarity showed significantly different (Global R = 0.2809, p < 0.005). RDA revealed that phosphate (PO43−) was significantly correlated with PA bacterial community abundance (p < 0.05). An ecological null model showed that both PA and FL bacterial communities were mainly influenced by stochastic processes (PA: 100%, FL: 70%), which PA attached to nutrient particles and are less affected by environmental filtration. Dispersal limitation (50%) was the main assembly process of the PA community, while homogeneous selection (30%) and drift (30%) were important processes in the FL community assembly. The available substrate for colonization limits the transformation from FL to PA bacteria. This study would improve our understanding of FL and PA bacterial community structure and factors affecting assembly process in estuarine environments.