bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting in silico electron ionization mass spectra using quantum chemistry
Authors: Wang Shunyang , Kind Tobias , Tantillo Dean J. , Fiehn Oliver
Published: October 2020

Compound identification by mass spectrometry needs reference mass spectra. While there are over 102 million compounds in PubChem, less than 300,000 curated electron ionization (EI) mass spectra are available from NIST or MoNA mass spectral databases. Here, we test quantum chemistry methods (QCEIMS) to generate in silico EI mass spectra (MS) by combining molecular dynamics (MD) with statistical methods. To test the accuracy of predictions, in silico mass spectra of 451 small molecules were generated and compared to experimental spectra from the NIST 17 mass spectral library. The compounds covered 43 chemical classes, ranging up to 358 Da. Organic oxygen compounds had a lower matching accuracy, while computation time exponentially increased with molecular size. The parameter space was probed to increase prediction accuracy including initial temperatures, the number of MD trajectories and impact excess energy (IEE). Conformational flexibility was not correlated to the accuracy of predictions. Overall, QCEIMS can predict 70 eV electron ionization spectra of chemicals from first principles. Improved methods to calculate potential energy surfaces (PES) are still needed before QCEIMS mass spectra of novel molecules can be generated at large scale.
Regional robust secure precise wireless transmission design for multi-user UAV broadcasting system
Authors: Shen Tong , Liu Tingting , Lin Yan , Wu Yongpeng , Shu Feng , Han Zhu
Published: October 2020

In this paper, two regional robust secure precise wireless transmission (SPWT) schemes for multi-user unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), (1)regional signal-to-leakage-and-noise ratio (SLNR) and artificial-noise-to-leakage-and-noise ratio (ANLNR) (R-SLNR-ANLNR) maximization and (2) point SLNR and ANLNR (P-SLNR-ANLNR) maximization, are proposed to tackle with the estimation errors of the target users’ location. In the SPWT system, the estimation error for SPWT cannot be ignored. However, the conventional robust methods in secure wireless communications optimize the beamforming vector in the desired positions only in statistical means and cannot guarantee the security for each symbol. The proposed regional robust schemes are designed for optimizing the secrecy performance in the whole error region around the estimated location. Specifically, with the known maximal estimation error, we define the target region and wiretap region. Then, we design an optimal beamforming vector and an artificial noise projection matrix, which achieve the confidential signal in the target area having the maximal power while only few signal power is conserved in the potential wiretap region. Instead of considering the statistical distributions of the estimated errors into optimization, we optimize the SLNR and ANLNR of the whole target area, which significantly decreases the complexity. Moreover, the proposed schemes can ensure that the desired users are located in the optimized region, which are more practical than the conventional methods. Simulation results show that our proposed regional robust SPWT design is capable of substantially improving the secrecy rate compared to the conventional non-robust method. The P-SLNR-ANLNR maximization-based method has the comparable secrecy performance with lower complexity than that of the R-SLNR-ANLNR maximization-based method.
Correction to: A review of the trends in Ghana’s power sector
Authors: Eshun Maame Esi , Amoako-Tuffour Joe
Published: October 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Stress of Conscience Questionnaire (SCQ): exploring dimensionality and psychometric properties at a tertiary hospital in Australia
Authors: Jokwiro Yangama , Pascoe Elizabeth , Edvardsson Kristina , Rahman Muhammad Aziz , McDonald Ewan , Lood Qarin , Edvardsson David
Published: October 2020

Background

This study explored the psychometric properties and dimensionality of the Stress of Conscience Questionnaire (SCQ) in a sample of health professionals from a tertiary-level Australian hospital. The SCQ, a measure of stress of conscience, is a recently developed nine-item instrument for assessing frequently encountered stressful situations in health care, and the degree to which they trouble the conscience of health professionals. This is relevant because stress of conscience has been associated with negative experiences such as job strain and/or burnout. The validity of SCQ has not been explored beyond Scandinavian contexts.

Methods

A cross-sectional study of 253 health professionals was undertaken in 2015. The analysis involved estimates of reliability, variability and dimensionality. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to explore dimensionality and theoretical model fit respectively.

Results

Cronbach’s alpha of 0.84 showed internal consistency reliability. All individual items of the SCQ (N = 9) met the cut-off criteria for item-total correlations (> 0.3) indicating acceptable homogeneity. Adequate variability was confirmed for most of the items, with some items indicating floor or ceiling effects. EFA retained a single latent factor with adequate factor loadings for a unidimensional structure. When the two‐factor model was compared to the one‐factor model, the latter achieved better goodness of fit supporting a one-factor model for the SCQ.

Conclusion

The SCQ, as a unidimensional measure of stress of conscience, achieved adequate reliability and variability in this study. Due to unidimensionality of the tool, summation of a total score can be a meaningful way forward to summarise and communicate results from future studies, enabling international comparisons. However, further exploration of the questionnaire in other cultures and clinical settings is recommended to explore the stability of the latent one-factor structure.
Enhanced differentiation of isomeric RNA modifications by reducing the size of ions in ion mobility mass spectrometric measurements
Authors: Wang Hongzhou , Todd Daniel A. , Chiu Norman H. L.
Published: October 2020

With the ability to differentiate different molecular sizes, ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) has great potentials in the analysis of isomeric compounds. However, due to the lack of sensitivity and resolution, IMS has not been commonly used. To address the issue on resolution, the goals of this study are to explore a more effective way to perform IMS by reducing the size of ions prior to the IM measurements, and apply the new approach to the differentiation of isomeric RNA modifications. The size reduction of ribonucleoside ions was effectively accomplished by using the collision-induced dissociation process, in which the N-glycosidic bond in ribonucleoside was cleaved and split the ions into two parts—a smaller nucleobase ion and a neutral molecule of ribose sugar. Since the chemical group that corresponds to most of the RNA modifications makes up a relatively small part of the molecular structure of nucleobases, the differentiation of the dissociated nucleobase ions is expected to require a lower ion mobility resolution than the differentiation of bigger isomeric ribonucleoside ions. By using RNA methylation as a model in this study, the proposed method lowered the required resolution by 16% for the differentiation of 1-methyladenosine and N6-methyladenosine. Similar results were also obtained from the differentiation of methylated cytidine isomers. In comparison to the results obtained from using the conventional tandem mass spectrometric method, there was no significant loss of signals when the proposed method was used. The proposed method is expected to be applicable to other types of isomeric compounds. Also, the same approach is applicable on other IMS platforms.
Recent advances in applications of multimodal ultrasound-guided photoacoustic imaging technology
Authors: Wang Shanshan , Zhao Yunfeng , Xu Ye
Published: October 2020

Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is often performed simultaneously with ultrasound imaging and can provide functional and cellular information regarding the tissues in the anatomical markers of the imaging. This paper describes in detail the basic principles of photoacoustic/ultrasound (PA/US) imaging and its application in recent years. It includes near-infrared-region PA, photothermal, photodynamic, and multimode imaging techniques. Particular attention is given to the relationship between PAI and ultrasonic imaging; the latest high-frequency PA/US imaging of small animals, which involves not only B-mode, but also color Doppler mode, power Doppler mode, and nonlinear imaging mode; the ultrasonic model combined with PAI, including the formation of multimodal imaging; the preclinical imaging methods; and the most effective detection methods for clinical research for the future.
A sharp-interface immersed boundary method for simulating high-speed compressible inviscid flows
Authors: Wang Junjie , Gu Xiangyu , Wu Jie
Published: October 2020

This paper presents a robust sharp-interface immersed boundary method for simulating inviscid compressible flows over stationary and moving bodies. The flow field is governed by Euler equations, which are solved by using the open source library OpenFOAM. Discontinuities such as those introduced by shock waves are captured by using Kurganov and Tadmor divergence scheme. Wall-slip boundary conditions are enforced at the boundary of body through reconstructing flow variables at some ghost points. Their values are obtained indirectly by interpolating from their mirror points. A bilinear interpolation is employed to determine the variables at the mirror points from boundary conditions and flow conditions around the boundary. To validate the efficiency and accuracy of this method for simulation of high-speed inviscid compressible flows, four cases have been simulated as follows: supersonic flow over a 15 ° angle wedge, transonic flow past a stationary airfoil, a piston moving with supersonic velocity in a shock tube and a rigid circular cylinder lift-off from a flat surface triggered by a shock wave. Compared to the exact analytical solutions or the results in literature, good agreement can be achieved.
Refractory axillary venous spasm during permanent pacemaker implantation
Authors: Vemuri Krishna Santosh , Parashar Nitin , Bootla Dinakar , Revaiah Pruthvi C. , Kanabar Kewal , Nevali Krishna Prasad , Sharma Yash Paul , Kasinadhuni Ganesh , Panda Prashant
Published: October 2020

Background

Vascular spasm is well known to occur in the arterial system. Central venous spasm during pacemaker implantation is uncommon with only a few cases reported from time to time. Sometimes, the venous spasms may not respond to nitroglycerine injections which requires a change of access site and undue discomfort for the patient.

Case presentation

A 72-year-old female patient with no prior comorbidities presented to us with recurrent dizziness on exertion and at rest. The electrocardiogram showed complete heart block, likely to be of sclerodegenerative etiology as the patient did not have any ischemic symptoms, also the electrocardiogram and echocardiogram did not show any evidence of ischemia. As part of the hospital protocol, a venogram was performed by giving intravenous diluted contrast (iohexol) through the left brachial vein, which showed good-sized axillary and subclavian veins. We attempted to cannulate the left axillary vein with a 16G needle using Seldinger technique, but the axillary vein could not be cannulated despite multiple attempts. We gave incremental boluses of intravenous nitroglycerine, despite that the left axillary vein could not be cannulated. Repeat intravenous contrast injection showed severe spasm of axillary and subclavian veins. Finally, the axillary vein was cannulated from the right side using anatomical landmarks and a pacemaker was implanted.

Conclusions

Venous spasm during device implantation although uncommon, it should be anticipated in patients with difficult cannulation to prevent inadvertent complications like pneumothorax and arterial injuries. Mild venous spasm may relieve with time but severe venous spasm may require a change of access site
Pulmonary emphysema and atherosclerosis: association or syndrome?
Authors: Elrefai Atef W. , Alsayyad Mohammad Mossaad , Dawood Elsayed Mohamed Abd El-Hamid Hassan
Published: October 2020

Background

Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory reaction of the vessel wall. Emphysema may induce systemic inflammation, part of which may be the development or progression of atherosclerosis. So, the relationship between emphysema and atherosclerosis, whether both are due to the same causative agent and pathogenesis or emphysema led to atherosclerosis, is still not clearly understood. So, the aim of this work is to study the relationship between carotid atherosclerosis versus pulmonary emphysema extent and airflow obstruction.

Results

Cigarette smoking index was higher in patients than controls. According to FEV1%, patients were classified into: GOLD 1 (mild): FEV1 ≥ 80% predicted, GOLD 2 (moderate): 50% ≤ FEV1 < 80% predicted, GOLD 3 (severe):30% ≤ FEV1 < 50% predicted, and GOLD 4 (very severe): FEV1 < 30% predicted. There was a significant difference between the studied groups as regard to ABG parameters. Emphysema score showed a positive correlation with thrombus size, plaque size, and stenosis percent. Approximately 2/3 of patients had atherosclerotic changes and the other 1/3 had increased IMT. GOLD staging, also, correlated with thrombus size and stenosis percent. So, there was a strong positive correlation between both emphysema score and GOLD staging and carotid atherosclerosis.

Conclusion

The relationship between emphysema and atherosclerosis is suggested to be the chronic inflammatory reaction (against the same risk factor) based on the positive correlation between carotid atherosclerosis versus emphysema score and GOLD staging. The inherence of emphysema and atherosclerosis may be considered a syndrome. If so, targeting the same pathogenic mechanism will be valuable for their control.
Molecular Imaging Targeting Corticotropin-releasing Hormone Receptor for Corticotropinoma: A Changing Paradigm
Authors: Walia Rama , Gupta Rahul , Bhansali Anil , Pivonello Rosario , Kumar Rajender , Singh Harmandeep , Ahuja Chirag , Chhabra Rajesh , Singh Apinderpreet , Dhandapani Sivashanmugam , Sahoo Sushant , Rana Nivedita , Vatsa Rakhee , Dutta Pinaki , Kumar Bhadada Sanjay , Sachdeva Naresh , Mittal B R , Nahar Uma , Shukla Jaya
Published: October 2020

Background

Corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) is the major regulator of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) secretion from the anterior pituitary and acts via CRH-1 receptors (CRH-1R). Corticotropinoma though autonomous, still retain their responsiveness to CRH and hence, we hypothesize that in vivo detection of CRH-1 receptors on pituitary adenoma using Gallium-68 (68Ga)-tagged CRH can indicate the functionality of adenoma, and combining it with positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) can provide requisite anatomical information.

Methods

Subjects with ACTH-dependent Cushing’s syndrome (CS) (n = 27, 24 with Cushing’s disease [CD], 3 with ectopic CS [ECS]) underwent 68Ga CRH PET-CT. Two nuclear medicine physicians read these images for adenoma delineation and superimposed them on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sella. The information provided was used for intraoperative navigation and compared with operative and histopathological findings.

Findings

68Ga CRH PET-CT correctly delineated corticotropinoma in all the 24 cases of CD, including the 10 cases with adenoma size < 6mm (4 cases were negative on MRI). Corticotropinoma location on 68Ga CRH PET fusion images with MRI were concordant with operative findings and were further confirmed on histopathology. There was no tracer uptake in the pituitary in 2 patients with ECS, while, in another, the diffuse uptake in pituitary suggested ectopic CRH production.

Conclusion

68Ga CRH PET-CT represents a novel, noninvasive molecular imaging, targeting CRH receptors that not only delineate corticotropinoma and provides the surgeon with valuable information for intraoperative tumor navigation, but also helps in differentiating a pituitary from an extra-pituitary source of ACTH-dependent CS.

Funding

None.
The gametogenic cycle of the non-native false limpet Siphonaria pectinata (Linnaeus, 1758) in the easternmost limit of its distribution range: implications for its future in the Eastern Mediterranean Basin
Authors: SLAMA TASNIME , KEFI-JAAFAR FERDAOUS , MAATOUG-BÉJAOUI JIHÈNE , LAHBIB YOUSSEF , HERMET SOPHIE , RIVERA-INGRAHAM GEORGINA , LIGNOT JEHAN HERVÉ , MENIF NAJOUA TRIGUI
Published: October 2020

The gametogenic cycle of the false-limpet Siphonaria pectinata from the Bizerte channel (Northern Tunisia) was studied through histological characterization of the hermaphroditic gonad during a 1-year study period (May 2015 - May 2016). Spawningintensity in the field as well as the gonadic index were calculated monthly. Both female and male gametes were observed simultaneously within acini of adult individuals and continuously throughout the year. Oogenesis started in the mid-autumn (October), with gonads characterized mainly by proliferation of female cells. After that, oocytes progressively increased in number and volume until summer, when the evacuation stage frequency was the highest. From summer to autumn, some acini were empty fromtheir oocyctes while some others had already begun the proliferation stage, suggesting the lack of a resting phase. Spermatogenesiswas also a continuous process throughout the year, with spermatozoa being mainly observed in late spring (March). These findings suggested that environmental conditions are suitable for the establishment of S. pectinata, first mentioned in 1998 on the Tunisian coast and even suggest that it could continue spreading eastward in the Mediterranean Basin.
Didactic Capabilities of the Digital Educational Environment "Mobile E-Education"
Authors: Amirhanova L. , Zenkina S. , Savel'eva O.
Published: October 2020

The article discusses the didactic possibilities of the digital educational environment "Mobile e-education" as one of the tools of pedagogical practice for distance learning, with its own specifics of knowledge delivery and user-friendly interface. Using the example of a specific online geography lesson developed using the capabilities of the digital educational environment, it is shown how to build an individual educational trajectory for each student, includes children with disabilities and children with special educational needs.
Standards of Cultural Behaviour of the Romans in the Light of Sidonius Apollinaris' Letters
Authors: Styka Jerzy
Published: October 2020

Standards of Cultural Behaviour of the Romans in the Light of Sidonius Apollinaris' Letters

The cultural and political situation of the Gallo-Roman elite in the 5th century CE, during the period of the great barbarian invasions, became the reason for the emergence, among its members, of certain standards of behaviour; their aim was to preserve, cultivate and develop the Roman identity as well as a sense of belonging to the elite cultural circle, now endangered by barbaric chaos. The paper presents selected examples of such standards of behaviour in spheres both private and public; they serve as an exemplification of conscious actions and choices designed to preserve traditional Roman system of values
The Poetic Structure of Silius Italicus' Punica (Books I-V)
Authors: Śnieżewski Stanisław
Published: October 2020

The Poetic Structure of Silius Italicus' Punica (Books I-V) As concerns their poetic structure, the first five books of Silius’ Punica are very differentiated and complicated. However, all the events of the represented world concentrate around Hannibal and his improba virtus. Historical and mythological ekphrases are connected with Hannibal’s deeds. Aetiological stories seem to be invented by Silius himself. The panegyrical elements refer mainly to Domitian. Prolepses especially deserve to be noticed. Silius is influenced by learned Hellenistic poets, as well as Roman authors, mainly Ennius, Vergil, Lucan, Valerius Flaccus. In fact the author of the Punica can be described as poeta doctus.
Do Individual Investors Trade on Investment-Related Internet Postings?
Authors: Ammann Manuel , Schaub Nic
Published: October 2020

Many people share investment ideas online. This study investigates whether individual investors trade on investment-related internet postings. We use unique data from a social trading platform that allow us to observe the shared portfolios of traders, their posted comments, and the replicating transactions of followers. We find robust evidence that followers increasingly replicate shared portfolios of traders after the posting of comments. However, postings do not help followers identify portfolios that deliver superior performance in the future. In a cross-sectional analysis, we show that it is mainly followers typically considered to be unsophisticated who trade after comment postings.

This paper was accepted by Tyler Shumway, finance.
Make Way for the Algorithms: Symbolic Actions and Change in a Regime of Knowing
Authors: Pachidi Stella , Berends Hans , Faraj Samer , Huysman Marleen
Published: October 2020

When actors deem technological change undesirable, they may act symbolically by pretending to comply while avoiding real change. In our study of the introduction of an algorithmic technology in a sales organization, we found that such symbolic conformity led unintendedly to the full implementation of the suggested technological change. To explain this surprising outcome, we advance a regime-of-knowing lens that helps to analyze deep challenges happening under the surface during the process of technology introduction. A regime of knowing guides what is worth knowing, what actions matter to acquire this knowledge, and who has the authority to make decisions around those issues. We found that both the technologists who introduced the algorithmic technology, and the incumbent workers whose work was affected by the change, used symbolic actions to either defend the established regime of knowing or to advocate a radical change. Although the incumbent workers enacted symbolic conformity by pretending to comply with suggested changes, the technologists performed symbolic advocacy by presenting a positive side of the technological change. Ironically, because the symbolic conformity enabled and was reinforced by symbolic advocacy, reinforcing cycles of symbolic actions yielded a radical change in the sales' regime of knowing: from one focused on a deep understanding of customers via personal contact and strong relationships, to one based on model predictions from the processing of large datasets. We discuss the theoretical implications of these findings for the introduction of technology at work and for knowing in the workplace.
Condições de risco à saúde: pessoas em situação de rua
Authors: Patrício Anna Cláudia Freire de Araújo , Figueiredo Marina Sarmento Braga Ramalho de , Silva Deysianne Ferreira da , Rodrigues Brenda Feitosa Lopes , Silva Rôseane Ferreira da , Silva Richardson Augusto Rosendo da
Published: October 2020

Objetivo: analisar condições clínicas e comportamentos de risco à saúde de pessoas em situação de rua. Método: estudo transversal, realizado em duas instituições de referência para pessoas em situação de rua na região nordeste do Brasil. Aplicou-se um roteiro de entrevista referente a variáveis sociodemográficas, clínicas e comportamentos vulneráveis ao adoecer para 100 participantes. Utilizou-se o teste Qui Quadrado e ANOVA. Resultados: o tipo de parceiro sexual influência na presença de sintomas de infecção sexualmente transmissível, a presença de sintomatologia relacionada à infecção sexualmente transmissível do parceiro influência na sintomatologia do próprio indivíduo, o etilismo influência na prática de sexo com usuário de drogas, a prática de sexo em troca de dinheiro apresenta correlação com a violência física, o sexo oral influência na presença de sintoma de infecção sexualmente transmissível. Conclusão: pessoas em situação de rua apresentam condições e comportamentos que potencializam o adoecimento.
We're a team
Authors: Hewson Claire
Published: October 2020

Playing games helps children to take turns, consider others and to learn the value of relationships. Try these ideas for games which also involve concentration, observation and the ability to follow instructions.
Ethics and law in paramedic practice: boundaries of capacity and interests
Authors: Carver Hamish , Moritz Dominique , Ebbs Phillip
Published: October 2020

Decision-making is central to the everyday practice of paramedicine. Paramedics must deliver appropriate clinical care within the boundaries of the law, clinical guidelines and evidence-based standards. They must also deliver care that is consistent with ethical standards and respectful of the expectations, preferences and beliefs of the patient. Paramedics are required to make these decisions within settings that are often disordered, uncontrolled and unpredictable, where all the relevant information and circumstances are not fully known. Decision-making in this environment is intended to provide care and treatment in the best interests of the patient. However, what should paramedics do when their intended, evidence based course of treatment is different from the patient's own wishes? More speci∼cally, how should they navigate these situations in the presence of complexities such as diminished mental capacity and end-of-life care? This article addresses these questions by exploring the relationship between healthcare ethics, health law and evidence-based practice in paramedicine.
„Vielfalt ist unsere Stärke – Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaften“. Ein Imagefilm der TU Dresden
Authors: Leiblich Anne-Marie , Johne Sophie , Patleich Emilie
Published: October 2020

Im Rahmen eines Imaging-Seminars an der TU Dresden 2018 haben die Autorinnen den Imagefilm des Bereichs Geistes- und Sozial­­wissen­schaften der TU Dresden aus einer medienpäda­go­gi­schen Per­spek­tive analysiert. Angezielt werden damit Vor­schlä­ge zur Verbesserung künftiger Imagefilme.
Optical network security management: requirements, architecture, and efficient machine learning models for detection of evolving threats [Invited]
Authors: Furdek Marija , Natalino Carlos , Di Giglio Andrea , Schiano Marco
Published: October 2020

As the communication infrastructure that sustains critical societal services, optical networks need to function in a secure and agile way. Thus, cognitive and automated security management functionalities are needed, fueled by the proliferating machine learning (ML) techniques and compatible with common network control entities and procedures. Automated management of optical network security requires advancements both in terms of the performance and efficiency of ML approaches for security diagnostics, as well as novel management architectures and functionalities. This paper tackles these challenges by proposing what we believe to be a novel functional block called the security operation center, describing its architecture, specifying key requirements on the supported functionalities, and providing guidelines on its integration with optical-layer controller. Moreover, to boost efficiency of ML-based security diagnostic techniques when processing high-dimensional optical performance monitoring data in the presence of previously unseen physical-layer attacks, we combine unsupervised and semi-supervised learning techniques with three different dimensionality reduction methods and analyze the resulting performance and trade-offs between the ML accuracy and run-time complexity.
Resolution enhancement for flexible microscopic imaging based on dictionary learning
Authors: Yuan He , Zhang Xiangchao , Wang Feili , Wang Wei , Xu Min
Published: October 2020

The idea of combining a flexible fiber bundle with the microscopic imaging system provides the possibility of the cross-scale detection of defects and textures on large-scale complex components. However, the pixelization artifacts caused by the inter-core spacing of the fibers degrade the image quality and make it difficult to identify the micro-features. A high-resolution reconstruction strategy is proposed based on dictionary learning. By training the high- and low-resolution image pairs after image registration, a coupled dictionary is obtained. Then high-quality images are obtained from the trained dictionary. Experimental results demonstrate that the pixelization artifacts can be effectively addressed, and the resolution of the reconstructed images can be promoted by 1.8 times.
Design of an ultra-thin, wide-angle, stray-light-free near-eye display with a dual-layer geometrical waveguide
Authors: Wang Qiwei , Cheng Dewen , Hou Qichao , Gu Luo , Wang Yongtian
Published: October 2020

The field of view (FOV) of a geometrical waveguide display is limited by the total internal reflection (TIR) condition (related with the index of glass) and the stray light generated inside the waveguide. A novel concept of an ultra-thin, wide-angle, stray-light-free, optical see-through near-eye display (NED) with a dual-layer geometrical waveguide is proposed in this paper. In the dual-layer waveguide, the two waveguides have different structures and are responsible for two different FOVs which are spliced together to form the entire FOV. The stray light of the dual-layer waveguide is analyzed and an optimized structure to suppress the stray light is designed. An optimized coupling-in structure is designed and a progressive optimization method is proposed for optimizing the illuminance uniformity of the entire FOV across the exit pupil. A dual-layer waveguide with a total thickness of 3.0 mm and stray light of less than 1% is designed. The FOV is 62° in the pupil-expanding direction, and the diameter of the exit pupil (EPD) is 10 mm at an eye relief (ER) of 18 mm. A compact projection optic is designed and finally is integrated with the dual-layer waveguide.
Digitally enhanced molecular dispersion spectroscopy
Authors: Wong Justin , Bandutunga Chathura P. , Zhang Ya , Gray Malcolm B. , Chow Jong H.
Published: October 2020

A frequency and intensity noise immune fiber dispersion spectrometer with a digitally enhanced homodyne phase extraction system is presented. A hydrogen cyanide (

H

13

C
N

) vapor cell is placed in a digitally enhanced Sagnac interferometer, and the anomalous dispersion at the 1550.515 nm P11 transition is interrogated with a tunable laser. An analytical model of the dispersion induced phase readout shows close agreement with the experimentally obtained phase signal. Immunity to frequency and intensity noise confers sub-microradian phase sensitivity, corresponding to a spectroscopic detection limit of

77

p
p
b

×

m

/

H
z

.
The optimal therapeutic irisin dose intervention in animal model: A systematic review
Authors: Alzoughool Foad , Al-Zghoul Mohammad Borhan , Al-Nassan Saad , Alanagreh Lo'ai , Mufleh Dana , Atoum Manar
Published: October 2020

Background and Aim: Irisin, a novel myocyte-secreted hormone, was proposed to mediate some of the beneficial effects of exercise such as browning of adipocytes, thermogenesis, and metabolic homeostasis. Recently, several animals' models' studies have been performed to investigate the therapeutic impact of irisin in several disorders. Several interventional trials used different doses. However, optimum dose was not determined. This systematic review aims to identify the optimal dose of interventional irisin in mice and rat animal models.

Materials and Methods: Online databases PubMed, Google Scholar, and Springer were systematically searched from 2012 to 2019. The words searched were irisin, irisin and animal model, physical activity, and irisin and irisin dosage. Non-irisin doses, in vitro studies, and factors influencing irisin levels were excluded.

Results: Eleven of the total 391 qualifying studies were included. A daily injection of 500 μg/kg irisin may be the optimum dose of effect in mice and rats.

Conclusion: More studies are required to determine the optimum dose of irisin to be used as a therapeutic intervention based on animal model.
EDITORIAL: 2017-2020 A Jornada Valeu a Pena!
Authors: Nassif Vânia Maria Jorge
Published: October 2020

Gratidão pela oportunidade e pela confiança a mim atribuída na função de Editora-Chefe da REGEPE - Revista de Empreendedorismo e Gestão de Pequenas Empresas de 2017 a 2020. Foram quatro anos de muito trabalho, desafios, aprendizagem, renúncia, mas também de satisfação por fazer parte da evolução e dos impactos que a REGEPE trouxe para a comunidade científica.  Para superar os desafios, compartilhei todos os momentos, tanto os prazerosos como os difíceis, com pessoas inspiradoras a quem sou muito agradecida.
Study of gravitational constant and mercury's precession from perspective of physical aesthetics and ideal fluid
Authors: Li Yun-Gang , Li Cheng-Shu
Published: October 2020

Newton's law of universal gravitation does not explain the Mercury's orbit anomalous precession, and the gravitational constant G values measured by different research teams do not coincide. This paper studied the two problems from a physical aesthetics and ideal fluid perspective, and derived a new formula for calculating the exact G value by using the speed of light in vacuum, including formulas for error correction, and verified by experimental results of other scientists. After being corrected, the G values measured by some famous surveyors approximately coincide with a specific value. The formulas also verified by the precession of Mercury's orbit and contribute an additional 35.94"/cy to the theoretical calculation value, the Mercury's anomalous precession, calculated by Le Verrier, is then reduced from 38"/cy to about 2"/cy. This provides another explanation for Mercury's anomalous precession which is completely different from that of Einstein's general relativity. Conclusion is that G equals 1/(16πc) when the masses are mass points and the Mercury's orbit anomalous precession equals 43"/cy should not be the evidence for prove Einstein's general relativity is correct. Further, this paper also presented an experimental plan for the space agency to verify who is right.
Risk Factors Associated with Breast Cancer
Authors: Vargas-Hernández Víctor Manuel
Published: October 2020

In Mexico, breast cancer is the second most common site of cancer in women and in most developed and emerging countries. Incidence rates have increased in many countries, although in some, mortality has remained stable with a slight reduction. There are geographical differences with high rates of breast cancer in North America, Northern Europe and Oceania, and lower rates in Central and South America, South and East Europe; in addition to emerging countries in Africa and Asia. Genetic and hereditary factors constitute less than 5% of breast cancer cases and other risk factors for breast cancer are related to the reproductive life of the woman. This work was carried out in order to determine if the risk factors considered classic are really associated with breast cancer in our sample of Mexican women studied.
An Evolutionary Medicine Perspective on Treatment of Pediatric Functional Abdominal Pain
Authors: Leontiadis Grigorios I. , Longstreth George F.
Published: October 2020

In a recent issue, Kovacic et al. analyze data from a randomized sham-controlled trial and show that pretreatment vagal efficiency, an index related to respiratory sinus arrhythmia, is a predictor of pain improvement in adolescents with functional abdominal pain when treated with auricular percutaneous electrical nerve field stimulation. The underlying premise is the polyvagal hypothesis, an explanatory framework for the evolution of the mammalian autonomic nervous system, which proposes that functional gastrointestinal disorders can result from a chronic maladaptive state of autonomic neural control mechanisms after traumatic stress. This is an opportunity for us to stimulate physicians’ interest in evolutionary medicine.
Kulturgeschichte und "STS" kombiniert
Authors: Meneghello Laura
Published: October 2020

Laura Meneghello untersucht den alltäglichen Umgang mit der Technik von Rohrpostsystemen aus einer multidisziplinären und -methodischen Perspektive. Die Rohrpost wird hier als eine raum- und kommunikationserzeugende Infrastruktur betrachtet, die »STS« werden mit der historischen Kultur- und Technikforschung verknüpft. Sowohl Archivalien und sonstige historische Quellen als auch Interviews und ethnografische Beobachtungen bilden die Grundlage dieses Beitrags. So werden die Prozessualität und die gegenseitige Konstruktion von Kommunikationspraktiken, Räumen, Materialität und Wissen aufgezeigt.
"STS" goes Sociology!?
Authors: Otto Danny
Published: October 2020

Können Theorien und Methoden der Science and Technology Studies (STS) für die Untersuchung sozialwissenschaftlicher Wissensfabrikation hilfreich sein? Mit dem Ziel, die soziologische Konstruktion und Wirkung von Deutungen sozialer Ungleichheit am Beispiel des »Prekariats« zu beforschen, stellte sich diese Frage in meinem Dissertationsprojekt ganz praktisch. Es galt zu klären, inwiefern der Blick der STS, der bisher primär den Natur- und Technikwissenschaften verhaftet blieb, sich auf die weit weniger »ortsgebundenen« (z.B. nicht in Labors zu lokalisierenden) Sozialwissenschaften übertragen lässt und inwiefern diese Übertragung eine Verfolgung der Spezifika soziologischer Wissenskulturen ermöglichen würde. Wir können angesichts des Forschungsstands in STS und Akteur-Netzwerk-Theorie auf theoretischer Ebene davon ausgehen, dass für die Genese, Verbreitung und Wirkung von (sozialwissenschaftlichen) Deutungen eine Vielzahl ineinander verwobener menschlicher und nicht-menschlicher Entitäten relevant ist. Allerdings stellt das damit eröffnete Spektrum potentieller Einflussgrößen die empirische Einholung vor erhebliche Herausforderungen und zahlreiche Fragen. Ist es möglich, den Soziolog*innen nach Vorbild der Laborstudien bei der Arbeit nachzuspüren? Und falls ja, mit welchen methodischen Mitteln ist das zu erreichen und welche Justierungen sind an bereits durch STS erprobten Verfahren vorzunehmen? Wie können die Assoziationen, die zur Entstehung, Verbreitung und Stabilisierung von Deutungen beigetragen haben und potentiell in den Hintergrund getreten sind, wieder sichtbar gemacht werden? Wie ist der theoretisch aufgeworfenen Vielfalt an potentiellen Einflussgrößen, die einer Deutung Wirkmächtigkeit verleihen bzw. die Wirkmächtigkeit einer Deutung ermöglichen, methodisch zu entsprechen? Vereinzelt haben sich Beiträge mit diesen Fragen befasst, aber sie verblieben weitgehend auf der Ebene theoretischer oder methodologischer Überlegungen. Im vorliegenden Artikel, der an meine Dissertation mit dem Titel Dem »Prekariat« auf der Spur. Eine Deutungsmachtanalyse soziologischer Wissensgenerierung (Otto 2019) sowie eine weitere Publikation zur Fabrikation soziologischen Wissens (Otto 2018) anschließt, bearbeite ich diese Leerstelle, indem ich erstens die methodologischen Ansätze systematisiere und um eine empirische Anwendung erweitere. Zweitens führe ich eine bisher ausstehende Diskussion über Chancen und Risiken von STS inspirierten Untersuchungen des eigenen Fachs.
In, with and of STS
Authors: Lippert Ingmar
Published: October 2020

Ingmar Lippert uses this afterword to critically analyse how STS scholars relate to how they »perform« Science and Technology Studies in research practice. By that it reacts to these questions: How do we narrate about how we »use« STS for social scientific research? How do we study STS research practices? Do all research practices that involve STS concepts contribute to STS? Where the edited volume »Wie forschen mit den ›Science and Technology Studies‹?« contributes to providing answers in the borderlands of these questions, the afterword problematises how we perform reflexivity, how we are (not) analysing STS's own research practices, and how we tell simultaneous stories of what STS as a field is or might be. With this problematisation, this essay argues for a praxeography of STS, involving methodographic, conceptographic and cartographic analyses.
"These Seats Are So Comfy"
Authors: Liedke Heidi Lucja
Published: October 2020

Taking up recent scholarship on audience etiquette (Sedgman 2018) and putting this in the context of twenty-first century theatre as the age of experiential spectatorship (Heim 2016), Heidi Liedke argues that theorisations of »comfort« form a fruitful node to think about the implications of the changes in audience experience in a theatre vs. the cinema. Combining her own experience of attending livecasts with audience responses to recent livecasts on social media (especially Twitter), Liedke's argument is based on an analysis of actual audience responses. The chapter suggests that the spectator's situation is one of constant negotiation between dis/comfort and work, comfort as a new form of (unpaid) work, and distraction and attention. Livecasting, therefore, allows us to comment on the social dimension of comfort in the context of contemporary performance and theatregoing practices. Liedke structures this dimension around four main axes: physical dis/comfort, visual or aesthetic dis/comfort, emotional dis/comfort and habitual dis/comfort.
Geleitwort: Wissenschaft, Transformation, Einstellungswandel
Authors: Schmidt-Glintzer Helwig
Published: October 2020

Helwig Schmidt-Glintzer skizziert in seinem Geleitwort aus universalgeschichtlicher Perspektive die Bedingungen der Etablierung von China-Kompetenz im allgemeinen Bewusstsein der europäischen Bildungswelt. Er fordert eine verstärkte Bemühung um das Verständnis der Entwicklungslogik Chinas und verweist zugleich auf den dazu notwendigen Einstellungswandel bei gleichzeitiger Überprüfung der eigenen Werthorizonte.
China-Kompetenz in Deutschland
Authors: Stepan Matthias , Frenzel Andrea
Published: October 2020

Matthias Stepan und Andrea Frenzel haben zwei wegweisende Studien zu den Themen China-Kompetenz und dem deutsch-chinesischen Schüler- und Jugendaustausch vorgelegt. Vor diesem Hintergrund stellen sie in diesem Kapitel konzise Stand und Entwicklungsperspektiven der Vermittlung von China-Kompetenz im deutschen Bildungssystem dar. Das Autorenduo hält fest, dass die Auseinandersetzung mit China, sei es in Hinblick auf Sprache, Kultur, Geschichte oder seine gegenwärtige Rolle in globalem Handel oder Weltpolitik, bislang im deutschen Bildungssystem ein Randthema bleibt. Besondere Wertschätzung oder Aufmerksamkeit für China-Kompetenz sind noch nicht etabliert. Dabei bietet die Auseinandersetzung mit der dynamischen Entwicklung Chinas angesichts der Größe und Ambitionen des Landes Einblicke in wichtige Zukunftsentwicklungen und fördert die deutsche Handlungskompetenz. Während es in Hochschulen schon mehr vielversprechende Ansätze gibt, fehlt es im Schulbereich an integrierten, aufeinander aufbauenden Angeboten, um bereits Kinder und Jugendliche an ein fundiertes, differenziertes und realitätsnahes Verständnis des gegenwärtigen China heranzuführen. Ihr Beitrag schließt mit Handlungsempfehlungen, von denen sich einige in der Zwischenzeit bereits in der Umsetzung befinden.
Im Gefüge der Kunst
Authors: Hudelist Andreas
Published: October 2020

Die Rezeption und Produktion von Kunst generiert sich zentral aus einem kreativen Akt der Erfahrung, der auf Momenten affektiver Performativität beruht. Doch wie lässt sich dieses Phänomen begreifen und beschreiben? Mit einem neuen kunstsoziologischen Ansatz und anhand der Konzepte und Theorien u.a. von Raymond Williams, Nicolas Bourriaud, Jacques Rancière sowie Gilles Deleuze und Félix Guattari diskutiert Andreas Hudelist die hier auftretenden Dimensionen der Beteiligung. An empirischen Beispielen und mittels qualitativer Interviews spürt er dem kreativen Akt der Erfahrung nach und macht ihn teilweise sichtbar. Dabei erarbeitet er Typologien im Kunstgefüge, die nicht nur eine unterschiedliche Qualität der Beteiligung verdeutlichen, sondern teilweise auch zu einem »poetischen Denken« führen.
3. The same, only different
Authors: Neuber Michael , Kocyba Piotr , Gharrity Gardner Beth
Published: October 2020

Der Beitrag widmet sich der internationalen Dimension des Mobilisierungserfolges der Fridays-for-Future-Bewegung, indem die länderspezifischen Charakteristika der Bewegung in den Blick genommen werden. Auf Grundlage von Befragungsdaten, die unter Klimastreikenden in Belgien, Deutschland, Italien, Österreich, Polen, Schweden und der Schweiz im März und September 2019 erhoben wurden, wird der Frage nach Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschieden bei den Protestierenden nachgegangen. Wenngleich sich insgesamt ein konsistentes Bild der Bewegung abzeichnet, zeigen sich länderspezifische Abweichungen beispielsweise im Zusammenhang mit persönlichen Motivationen für die Protestbeteiligung oder bei der Bewertung von Lösungswegen für die Klimakrise. Dabei gibt es Hinweise darauf, dass nationale politische Traditionen wie das Bestehen bzw. Fehlen starker Umweltorganisationen eine Rolle für diese Unterschiede spielen.
Das Lesen als Handlung
Authors: Reuss Sarah
Published: October 2020

Lesen ist eine Handlung, es wird vollzogen. Sarah Reuss untersucht am Beispiel dieser alltäglichen Handlung die Ereignishaftigkeit ästhetischer Wahrnehmungen. Dazu entwickelt sie eine vollzugsmäßige Theorie und Methode als konsequente Umsetzung des »performative turn«, womit sie der bisherigen kognitionswissenschaftlichen Erforschung des Lesens einen produktiven Gegenspieler liefert. Pate für den Ansatz stehen Martin Heidegger und Hans-Georg Gadamer, die gebrauchsbasierte Konstruktionsgrammatik sowie die Schriftbildlichkeitsforschung. Insgesamt werden damit wertvolle Impulse für Ästhetik, Leseforschung sowie literaturwissenschaftliche und literaturdidaktische Grundlagenforschung bereitgestellt.
Die Grenzen der Rohstoffausbeutung
Authors: Svampa Maristella
Published: October 2020

Die Rohstoffausbeutung und das Vordringen des Neo-Extraktivismus in Lateinamerika hat enorme Ausmaße angenommen und tiefgreifende Folgen für Mensch und Natur. Maristella Svampa nimmt sich diesem Prozess an und analysiert ihn umfassend aus sozio-ökologischer und politischer Perspektive. Dazu arbeitet sie die historischen Konjunkturen des Neo-Extraktivismus seit 2003 heraus und schlägt für ein besseres Verständnis der Krise das Konzept des Rohstoffkonsens vor. In Bezug auf den sozio-ökologischen Widerstand führt sie das Konzept der ökoterritorialen Wende ein, das die Vorreiterrolle von indigenen Völkern und Frauen besonders betont - und schließlich wendet sie sich den Grenzen der Rohstoffausbeutung mit Blick auf kriminelle Territorialitäten, patriarchale Gewalt und Rechtsextremismus zu.
Queer Authenticity in the History of Games
Authors: Keilbart Lara
Published: October 2020

Lara Keilbart wirft ein Licht auf die Frage, ob queere Authentizität in Spielen möglich ist. Nachdem eine Arbeitsdefinition festgelegt wurde, untersucht der Aufsatz sowohl nicht-authentische als auch authentische Darstellungen von Queerness in der gesamten Videospielgeschichte bis heute. Dieser Ansatz stellt einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Kartierung der Geschichte von queerer Repräsentation im Allgemeinen und in Spielen im Besonderen und ebenso zu diesem Forschungsgebiet dar: Das heißt, dem Konzept der historischen Authentizität den Aspekt von Queerness hinzuzufügen und damit eine neue Perspektive auf bereits vorhandenes Spielmaterial zu eröffnen.