bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fabrication and Surface Interactions of Super-Hydrophobic Silicon Carbide for Membrane Distillation
Authors: Boffa Vittorio , Lunghi Cristian , Quist-Jensen Cejna A. , Magnacca Giuliana , Calza Paola
Published: August 2019

Hydrophilic silicon carbide was modified by surface deposition of a super-hydrophobic coating that is based on perfluorosilanes. The modification was proven to yield membrane surfaces with contact angles that were higher than 145° and to be stable under hydrothermal conditions. The measurement of the isosteric heat of adsorption of water and toluene by microgravimetry showed that, after modification, the membrane material was fully covered by a low-energy surface, which is consistent with the fluorocarbon moieties that were introduced by the modification. The same modification method was applied to a commercial multichannel SiC membrane tube (nominal pore size = 0.04 µm), which was tested in a direct contact membrane distillation apparatus. The membrane was permeable to water vapour and volatiles, but it showed full rejection for salt ions and organic pollutants with low vapour pressure (such as ibuprofen and caffeine). Moreover, the membrane was reusable, and its performances were stable with no sign of pore wetting over 8 h of filtration.
Iron and Zinc Homeostasis and Interactions: Does Enteric Zinc Excretion Cross-Talk with Intestinal Iron Absorption?
Authors: Kondaiah Palsa , Yaduvanshi Puneeta Singh , Sharp Paul A , Pullakhandam Raghu
Published: August 2019

Iron and zinc are essential micronutrients required for growth and health. Deficiencies of these nutrients are highly prevalent among populations, but can be alleviated by supplementation and food fortification. Cross-sectional studies in humans showed positive association of serum zinc levels with hemoglobin and markers of iron status. Dietary restriction of zinc or intestinal specific conditional knock out of ZIP4 (SLC39A4), an intestinal zinc transporter, in experimental animals demonstrated iron deficiency anemia and tissue iron accumulation. Similarly, increased iron accumulation has been observed in cultured cells exposed to zinc deficient media. These results together suggest a potential role of zinc in modulating intestinal iron absorption and mobilization from tissues. Studies in intestinal cell culture models demonstrate that zinc induces iron uptake and transcellular transport via induction of divalent metal iron transporter-1 (DMT1) and ferroportin (FPN1) expression, respectively. It is interesting to note that intestinal cells are exposed to very high levels of zinc through pancreatic secretions, which is a major route of zinc excretion from the body. Therefore, zinc appears to be modulating the iron metabolism possibly via regulating the DMT1 and FPN1 levels. Herein we critically reviewed the available evidence to hypothesize novel mechanism of Zinc-DMT1/FPN1 axis in regulating intestinal iron absorption and tissue iron accumulation to facilitate future research aimed at understanding the yet elusive mechanisms of iron and zinc interactions.
Expression of Leukocytes Following Myocardial Infarction in Rats is Modulated by Moderate White Wine Consumption
Authors: Ključević Nikola , Boban Danica , Milat Ana Marija , Jurić Diana , Mudnić Ivana , Boban Mladen , Grković Ivica
Published: August 2019

How moderate white wine consumption modulates inflammatory cells infiltration of the ischemic myocardium following permanent coronary ligation was the key question addressed in this study. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were given either a combination of different white wines or water only for 28 days. Three peri-infarct/border zones and a control/nonischemic zone were analysed to determine the expression of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and cluster of differentiation 68 (CD68). Smaller expressions for both MPO and CD68 were found in all three peri-infarct zones of wine drinking animals (p < 0.001). There was no difference in the expression of leukocyte markers between animals drinking standard and polyphenol-rich white wine, although for CD68, a nonsignificant attenuation was noticed. In sham animals, a subepicardial MPO/CD68 immunoreactive “inflammatory ring” is described. Standard white wine consumption caused attenuation of the expression of MPO but not of CD68 in these animals. We conclude that white wine consumption positively modulates peri-infarct inflammatory infiltration.
Quantification of Nervonic Acid in Human Milk in the First 30 Days of Lactation: Influence of Lactation Stages and Comparison with Infant Formulae
Authors: Yu Jiahui , Yuan Tinglan , Zhang Xinghe , Jin Qingzhe , Wei Wei , Wang Xingguo
Published: August 2019

Nervonic acid (24:1 n-9, NA) plays a crucial role in the development of white matter, and it occurs naturally in human milk. This study aims to quantify NA in human milk at different lactation stages and compare it with the NA measured in infant formulae. With this information, optimal nutritional interventions for infants, especially newborns, can be determined. In this study, an absolute detection method that uses experimentally derived standard curves and methyl tricosanoate as the internal standard was developed to quantitively analyze NA concentration. The method was applied to the analysis of 224 human milk samples, which were collected over a period of 3–30 days postpartum from eight healthy Chinese mothers. The results show that the NA concentration was highest in colostrum (0.76 ± 0.23 mg/g fat) and significantly decreased (p < 0.001) in mature milk (0.20 ± 0.03 mg/g fat). During the first 10 days of lactation, the change in NA concentration was the most pronounced, decreasing by about 65%. Next, the NA contents in 181 commercial infant formulae from the Chinese market were compared. The NA content in most formulae was <16% of that found in colostrum and less than that found in mature human milk (p < 0.05). No significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed among NA content in formulae with different fat sources. Special attention was given to the variety of n-9 fatty acids in human milk during lactation, and the results indicated that interindividual variation in NA content may be primarily due to endogenous factors, with less influence from the maternal diet.
Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment: A Review on the Identification Methods for Polymeric Materials
Authors: Grigorescu Ramona Marina , Grigore Madalina Elena , Iancu Lorena , Ghioca Paul , Ion Rodica-Mariana
Published: August 2019

Considering that the large quantity of waste electrical and electronic equipment plastics generated annually causes increasing environmental concerns for their recycling and also for preserving of raw material resources, decreasing of energy consumption, or saving the virgin materials used, the present challenge is considered to be the recovery of individual polymers from waste electrical and electronic equipment. This study aims to provide an update of the main identification methods of waste electrical and electronic equipment such as spectroscopic fingerprinting, thermal study, and sample techniques (like identification code and burning test), and the characteristic values in the case of the different analyses of the polymers commonly used in electrical and electronic equipment. Additionally, the quality of the identification is very important, as, depending on this, new materials with suitable properties can be obtained to be used in different industrial applications. The latest research in the field demonstrated that a complete characterization of individual WEEE (Waste Electric and Electronic Equipment) components is important to obtain information on the chemical and physical properties compared to the original polymers and their compounds. The future directions are heading towards reducing the costs by recycling single polymer plastic waste fractions that can replace virgin plastic at a ratio of almost 1:1.
Working with Gaussian Random Noise for Multi-Sensor Archaeological Prospection: Fusion of Ground Penetrating Radar Depth Slices and Ground Spectral Signatures from 0.00 m to 0.60 m below Ground Surface
Authors: Agapiou Athos , Sarris Apostolos
Published: August 2019

The integration of different remote sensing datasets acquired from optical and radar sensors can improve the overall performance and detection rate for mapping sub-surface archaeological remains. However, data fusion remains a challenge for archaeological prospection studies, since remotely sensed sensors have different instrument principles, operating in different wavelengths. Recent studies have demonstrated that some fusion modelling can be achieved under ideal measurement conditions (e.g., simultaneously measurements in no hazy days) using advance regression models, like those of the nonlinear Bayesian Neural Networks. This paper aims to go a step further and investigate the impact of noise in regression models, between datasets obtained from ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and portable field spectroradiometers. Initially, the GPR measurements provided three depth slices of 20 cm thickness, starting from 0.00 m up to 0.60 m below the ground surface while ground spectral signatures acquired from the spectroradiometer were processed to calculate 13 multispectral and 53 hyperspectral indices. Then, various levels of Gaussian random noise ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 of a normal distribution, with mean 0 and variance 1, were added at both GPR and spectral signatures datasets. Afterward, Bayesian Neural Network regression fitting was applied between the radar (GPR) versus the optical (spectral signatures) datasets. Different regression model strategies were implemented and presented in the paper. The overall results show that fusion with a noise level of up to 0.2 of the normal distribution does not dramatically drop the regression model between the radar and optical datasets (compared to the non-noisy data). Finally, anomalies appearing as strong reflectors in the GPR measurements, continue to provide an obvious contrast even with noisy regression modelling.
Ground Control Point-Free Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Based Photogrammetry for Volume Estimation of Stockpiles Carried on Barges
Authors: He Haiqing , Chen Ting , Zeng Huaien , Huang Shengxiang
Published: August 2019

In this study, an approach using ground control point-free unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based photogrammetry is proposed to estimate the volume of stockpiles carried on barges in a dynamic environment. Compared with similar studies regarding UAVs, an indirect absolute orientation based on the geometry of the vessel is used to establish a custom-built framework that can provide a unified reference instead of prerequisite ground control points (GCPs). To ensure sufficient overlap and reduce manual intervention, the stereo images are extracted from a UAV video for aerial triangulation. The region of interest is defined to exclude the area of water in all UAV images using a simple linear iterative clustering algorithm, which segments the UAV images into superpixels and helps to improve the accuracy of image matching. Structure-from-motion is used to recover three-dimensional geometry from the overlapping images without assistance of exterior parameters obtained from the airborne global positioning system and inertial measurement unit. Then, the semi-global matching algorithm is used to generate stockpile-covered and stockpile-free surface models. These models are oriented into a custom-built framework established by the known distance, such as the length and width of the vessel, and they do not require GCPs for coordinate transformation. Lastly, the volume of a stockpile is estimated by multiplying the height difference between the stockpile-covered and stockpile-free surface models by the size of the grid that is defined using the resolution of these models. Results show that a relatively small deviation of approximately ±2% between the volume estimated by UAV photogrammetry and the volume calculated by traditional manual measurement was obtained. Therefore, the proposed approach can be considered the better solution for the volume measurement of stockpiles carried on barges in a dynamic environment because UAV-based photogrammetry not only attains superior density and spatial object accuracy but also remarkably reduces data collection time.
Low-Frequency Noise of Magnetic Sensors Based on the Anomalous Hall Effect in Fe–Pt Alloys
Authors: Zhang Yiou , Hao Qiang , Xiao Gang
Published: August 2019

We took advantage of the large anomalous Hall effect (AHE) in Fe–Pt ferromagnetic alloys and fabricated magnetic sensors for low-frequency applications. We characterized the low-frequency electronic noise and the field detectability of the FexPt100-x system with various thin film thicknesses and Fe concentrations. The noise source consisted of 1/f and Johnson noise. A large current density increased the 1/f noise but not the Johnson noise. We found that the field detectability of the optimized Fe–Pt thin film offers much better low-frequency performance than a highly sensitive commercial semiconductor Hall sensor. Anomalous Hall effect sensors are, therefore, good candidates for magnetic sensing applications.
Estimation of Solute-Stationary Phase and Solute-Mobile Phase Interactions in the Presence of Ionic Liquids
Authors: Ruiz-Ángel María José
Published: August 2019

The presence of free silanols on alkyl-bonded reversed-phase stationary phases is responsible for broad and asymmetrical peaks when basic drugs are chromatographed with conventional octadecylsilane (C18) columns due to ionic interactions. In the last few years, ionic liquids (ILs) have attracted attention to reduce this undesirable silanol activity. ILs should be considered as dual modifiers (with a cationic and anionic character), which means that both cations and anions are able to adsorb on the stationary phase, creating a positively or negatively charged layer, depending on the relative adsorption. The accessibility of basic compounds to the silanols is prevented by both the IL cation and anion, improving the peak profiles. A comparative study of the performance of six imidazolium-based ILs, differing in their cation/anions, as modifiers of the chromatographic behavior of a group of ten β-adrenoceptor antagonists, is addressed. Mobile phases containing cationic amines (triethylamine and dimethyloctylamine) were used as a reference for the interpretation of the results. Using a mathematical model based on two chemical equilibria, the association constants between the solutes and modified stationary phase as well as those between solutes and the additive in the mobile phase were estimated. These values, together with the changes in retention and peak shape, were used to obtain conclusions about the retention mechanism, changes in the nature of the chromatographic system, and silanol suppression effect.
Corporate Social Responsibility of Forestry Companies in China: An Analysis of Contents, Levels, Strategies, and Determinants
Authors: Li Yanli , Gao Lan
Published: August 2019

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has gained attention in the forestry sector, especially among Chinese forestry companies, which faces serious challenges. This study explores the CSR activities of Chinese forestry companies listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges and analyzes how they differ from their international counterparts. CSR contents, levels, strategies, and determinants are examined through a quantitative content analysis and statistical analyses. The results show that Chinese forestry companies’ CSR contents, like their international counterparts, are diverse and include the environment, employees, communities, general social issues, consumers and products, investors and creditors, governments, and supply chains. Both of them focus on environmental and employee responsibility and pay less attention to community responsibility; however, their CSR priority activities differ. While Chinese companies rank employee responsibility activities first and environmental activities second, their international counterparts prioritize environmental activities over employee responsibility. Chinese forestry companies have four types of CSR strategies—reactive, focused, opportunistic, and proactive—and the majority of these companies adopt reactive strategies. Only a few Chinese forestry companies choose proactive strategies. Forest resources partially explain the variance in the levels of government responsibility among forestry companies, and the industry type influences the levels of corporate environmental responsibility.
Can Environmental Tax Policy Really Help to Reduce Pollutant Emissions? An Empirical Study of a Panel ARDL Model Based on OECD Countries and China
Authors: He Pinglin , Ning Jing , Yu Zhongfu , Xiong Hao , Shen Huayu , Jin Hui
Published: August 2019

Under the background that environmental tax has increasingly become the main means of environmental governance in various countries, it is particularly important to study the effect of environmental tax on reducing pollutants and then put forward suggestions for building a scientific and rational environmental tax system. The novelty of this paper is the investigation of the pollutant emission reduction effects of environmental taxes in Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries and Chinese provinces at the same time, and further comparison of the pollutant emission reduction effects of environmental taxes in OECD and China under different environmental tax collection scales, industrial added value levels, and economic development conditions based on Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag Modelling Approach (ARDL). The data are derived from environmental taxes and pollutants of OECD countries from 1994 to 2016 and Chinese provinces from 2004 to 2016. The results show that from the overall regression results, environmental taxes really help to reduce pollutant emissions, both in OECD countries and China. From the grouping regression results, the OECD countries and Chinese inland provinces with small-scale or medium-level of environmental tax revenue and higher level of economic growth all show better emission reduction effects, while OECD countries with low industrial added value and Chinese inland provinces with high industrial added value have more significant effects on pollutant emission reduction via environmental taxes.
Pulp and Paper Mill Fly Ash: A Review
Authors: Cherian Chinchu , Siddiqua Sumi
Published: August 2019

The continual growth of pulp and paper industry has led to the generation of tremendous volumes of fly ash as byproducts of biomass combustion processes. Commonly, a major part of it is landfilled; however, updated environmental regulations have tended to restrict the landfilling of fly ash due to rising disposal costs and the scarcity of suitable land. The pulp and paper industries are therefore urgently seeking energy-efficient mechanisms and management for the beneficial use of fly ash in an ecological and economical manner. This paper offers a comprehensive review of existing knowledge on the major physicochemical and toxicological properties of pulp and paper mill fly ash to assess its suitability for various bound and unbound applications. The current state of various methods used for the valorization of pulp and paper mill fly ash into more sustainable geomaterials is briefly discussed. This paper also presents promising and innovative applications for pulp and paper mill fly ash, with particular reference to agriculture and forestry, the construction and geotechnical industries, and the immobilization of contaminants. It was identified from a literature review that modified pulp and paper mill fly ash can be environmentally and economically advantageous over commercial coal-based fly ash in various sustainable applications.
The Sustainability of Motivation Driven by High Performance Expectations: A Self-Defeating Effect
Authors: Li Yi , Li Nana , Wu Mengru , Zhang Man
Published: August 2019

It is generally believed that having high performance expectations is an effective means of motivating employees to pursue excellence and sustain the motivation driven by it, while ignoring the negative impact that hinders the incentive to sustain such expectations. Drawing on the conservation of resources theory, we constructed a moderated mediation model to examine the relationship between supervisor’s high performance expectations and the employee’s territoriality utilizing data from 291 supervisor–subordinate dyads from two companies in China. The results revealed that task autonomy moderated the indirect and positive effect of high performance expectations on employees’ territoriality through stress, such that this indirect effect was stronger when employees were assigned to higher levels of task autonomy. The theoretical of these findings, as well as future research directions, are discussed.
Testing New Methods for Boarding a Partially Occupied Airplane Using Apron Buses
Authors: Cotfas Liviu-Adrian , Delcea Camelia , Milne R. John , Salari Mostafa , Crăciun Liliana , Molănescu Anca Gabriela
Published: August 2019

The use of apron buses has become a common practice at many European airports. Previous studies related to airplane boarding rarely apply when apron buses are used, leaving airlines with no well-researched option except to use the random boarding method. In this paper, we test the time to complete boarding a two-door airplane using various boarding methods with two apron buses. These methods were inspired by the classical outside-in, back-to-front, and reverse-pyramid methods considering the limited number of boarding groups corresponding to the limited number of apron buses used for transporting passengers from the terminal to the aircraft. Unlike earlier publications, we test these methods under partial aircraft occupancy. Furthermore, we test the boarding methods under conditions involving: different passenger occupancy rates, different luggage situations, and with two types of seating assignments—random and based upon passenger seating preferences—by considering the advantages brought by the symmetric layout of the aircraft. Experimental results indicate that the best performing method can reduce the boarding time by up to 38.6% compared to the time resulting from the random boarding method. When the airplane is partially occupied, the best performing methods are reverse pyramid–A, hybrid–A, and hybrid–B, all with similar performances.
Assessing Impacts of Climate Change and Human Activities on Streamflow and Sediment Discharge in the Ganjiang River Basin (1964–2013)
Authors: Guo Li-Ping , Mu Xing-Min , Hu Jian-Min , Gao Peng , Zhang Yong-Fen , Liao Kai-Tao , Bai Hua , Chen Xiu-Long , Song Yue-Jun , Jin Ning , Yu Qiang
Published: August 2019

National large-scale soil and water conservation controls on the Gangjiang River basin have been documented, but the effect of governance on regional watershed hydrology and how the main driving factors act have not been systematically studied yet. To do this, this study evaluated changing trends and detected transition years for both streamflow and sediment discharge using long-term historical records at seven hydrological stations in the Ganjiang River basin over the past 50 years. The double mass curve (DMC) method was used to quantify the effects of both climate change and human activities on hydrological regime shifts. The results showed that the distributions of precipitation, streamflow, and sediment discharge within a year are extremely uneven and mainly concentrated in the flood season of Jiangxi Province. None of the stations showed significant trends over time for either annual precipitation or streamflow, while the annual sediment discharge at most stations decreased significantly over time. The estimation of sediment discharge via DMC indicated that after the transition years, there were rapid reductions in sediment discharge at all hydrological stations, and the average decline degree of midstream and downstream were much larger than that of upstream. Human activities, especially the increase of vegetation cover and construction of large and medium-sized reservoirs, provided a significantly greater contribution to the reduction of sediment discharge than did precipitation changes. As a case study of river evolution under global change environment, this study could provide scientific basis for the control of soil erosion and the management of water resources in Ganjiang River, as well as for the related research of Poyang Lake and the Yangtze River basin of China.
Water Quality and Hydromorphological Variability in Greek Rivers: A Nationwide Assessment with Implications for Management
Authors: Stefanidis Konstantinos , Papaioannou George , Markogianni Vassiliki , Dimitriou Elias
Published: August 2019

European rivers are under ecological threat by a variety of stressors. Nutrient pollution, soil erosion, and alteration in hydrology are considered the most common problems that riverine ecosystems are facing today. Not surprisingly, river monitoring activities in Europe have been intensified during the last few years to fulfil the Water Framework Directive (WFD) requirements. With this article, we present a nationwide assessment of the water quality and hydromorphological variability in Greek Rivers based on the results of the national monitoring program under the WFD. Water quality and hydromorphological data from 352 sites belonging to 221 rivers were explored with principal component analysis (PCA) to identify main environmental gradients and the variables that contribute the most to the total variance. Nitrate, phosphate, ammonium and electrical conductivity were identified as the most important water chemistry parameters, and typical vector-based spatial data analysis was applied to map their spatial distribution at sub-basin scale. In addition, we conducted simple linear models between the aforementioned parameters and the share of land uses within the basin of each sampling site in order to identify significant relationships. Agriculture was the most important land use affecting the nitrate and electrical conductivity, while artificial surfaces were the best predictor for phosphate and ammonium. Concerning the hydromorphological variability, fine types of substrate and discharge were the variables with the highest contribution to the total variance. Overall, the results of this article can be used for the preliminary assessment of susceptible areas/rivers to high levels of nutrient pollution that can aid water managers to formulate recommendations for improvement of further monitoring activities. Furthermore, our findings implicate the need for enhancement of agri-environmental measures and reduction of point-source pollution in disturbed areas to avert the risk of further environmental degradation under the anticipated global change.
Produção agroextrativista dos agricultores familiares e povos tradicionais no estado do Tocantins
Authors: Beraldo Keile Aparecida , Freire Lucas Evangelista , Melo Thiago Veloso de
Published: August 2019

A exploração indiscriminada das florestas o desmatamento em áreas de transição dos diversos biomas, tais como o Cerrado e Floresta Amazônica vêm sendo temas de constante debate no meio político e acadêmico dentro e fora do Brasil. Considerando a importância – socioeconômica e ambiental – da agricultura familiar e das comunidades tradicionais no Brasil, e em particular no estado do Tocantins, e o incipiente estágio de conhecimento sobre a produção e a comercialização de produtos dessa origem, este trabalho tem o objetivo de levantar e apresentar dados sobre a produção e comercialização de produtos agroextrativistas por comunidades tradicionais no estado do Tocantins utilizando dados do Censo agropecuário de 2017. Utilizou-se metodologia de pesquisa exploratória, com levantamento bibliográfico, observação informal, pesquisa de campo e coleta de dados secundários. Os dados coletados revelam que a atividade extrativista no Estado do Tocantins, funciona em volta de um punhado de produtos, dos tipos Alimentícios (Açaí, Mangaba. Pequi), Fibras (Buriti), Madeiras (Carvão Vegetal, Madeira em Tora, Lenha) e Óleos (Babaçu), e outros não identificados. Apesar do extrativismo ter uma participação de 0.2% no PIB do estado, continua sendo um mercado de R$61 milhões de reais, além de ser uma produção que valoriza as comunidades tradicionais, a agricultura familiar, forma de produção sustentável que contribui para a conservação das matas e solo.
Metrology System of Ionizing Spectrometry ά-, β-, γ- Radiation
Authors: Berestov R. , Kravchenko I. , Hots N. , Parakuda V.
Published: August 2019

The elements of the system of metrological support for the spectrometry of ionizing ά-,  β-, g- radiation as the basis of analysis and control of the content of radionuclides in environmental objects, foodstuffs, soils, analysis of the purity of radionuclide materials in order to detect contaminants of radionuclides, control in the degree of burnout of telescopes, the determination of the content of natural radioactive substances in ore, the natural and man-made radionuclides in living organisms are presente. The analysis of the legislative, normative, scientific, technical and methodical basis of metrological support for spectrometry of ionizing radiation has been carried out. The main problems of applied spectrometry of ionizing ά-,  β-, g- radiation are considered, and the state of its normative support is analyzed. The necessity of the creation of new normative and methodical documents for the replacement of abolished for the applied use of spectrometry ά-,  β-, g- radiation, systemic measures in the metrological provision of scientific activity in the transition to measurement uncertainty is indicated.
Nanometrology: optical properties of Si-nanoclusters
Authors: Kovalchuk V. , Kovalenko L. , Smorgh M.
Published: August 2019

In this paper, we have discussed in detail the theoretical results using local functional density method in parameterized modification of silicon clusters. One of the main conclusions is that the comparison between theory and experiments shows the possibility of different radiative channels for the recombination in porous silicon. Research results directly affect nanometrology.
Problems and Ways to take Objectives with the Control and Management by the Transmission of Ethnic Time and Frequency Signals in the Armed Forces of Ukraine
Authors: Koretsky E. , Shevkun S. , Golovnya M. , Mesheryak O. , Bojko V. , Gavrilov A. , Svitenko M. , Trotsko M.
Published: August 2019

Within the limits of the functioning of the military segment of the single time service and reference frequencies, the problems and ways of solving the tasks of controlling and controlling the transmission of reference signals used by the Armed Forces of Ukraine are outlined. The experimental research on the determination of the accuracy characteristics of the time synchronization system (using the PTP protocol IEEE 1588v2) was implemented for its use in telecommunication networks. As a communication channel, an optical fiber network is specially built to create a synchronization system. Experimental studies confirmed the possibility of transmitting reference signals of time and frequency synchronization with the use of modern digital and fiber-optic technologies from the National Standard of Time and Frequency units to the source standard of the Armed Forces of Ukraine units of time and frequency (VEZSU) with an error that is not exceeds 1 цs And also from VESZU to consumers with an error of less than 10 microseconds at a distance of 600 km via fiber-optic communication channel L2. The creation of a corresponding complex of equipment for monitoring and control of the transmission of reference signals used by the Armed Forces of Ukraine remains relevant.
Determination of Nitrogen Content in the Slags of CaO — Al2O3 System by Kjeldahl Method
Authors: Kozin R. , Kuznetsova L. , Hulyanytska N. , Mossokovska I.
Published: August 2019

Due to the expansion of the nomenclature of steel grades in the industry and the development of new special alloys with increased strength and corrosion-resistant properties, both in the metallurgical industry and in welding, researchers are very interested in the dissolution of nitrogen in metals and slag. Gas permeability of slag is one of the reasons for the appearance of gases in both the base metal and the weld metal. It is determined by two properties: solubility and mass transfer of gases in slag. In addition, in real conditions, the process of dissolving gases in slag is influenced by the transmission of gases by convection and the initial content of gases in the slag. The transfer of gases to the metal through slag is observed mainly in electroslag processes and welding under flux when there is no direct contact of molten metal with a gas phase. To evaluate the nitrogen permeability of the slag and the mechanism of nitrogen solubility in the high alloys it is necessary to have a reliable, highly sensitive and economical method of gas analysis of nitrogen in metals and slags.
A review of nitrogen determination methods in steels is presented. The method of analysis of nitrogen in slags of the CaO — АL2O3 system by the Kjeldahl method was tested. The results of the analysis of slag compositions of the CaO — АL2O3 system allowed us to conclude that it is possible to use the Kjeldahl method (determination of nitrogen content in steels) for the determination of nitrogen content in slags. This technique and installation can be recommended for use by metallurgists and welders as a reliable, simple and inexpensive method for nitrogen content analysis in metals and slags.
As Regards the Comparison of Organizational and Normative Bases for the Development (Upgrading) of Weapons and Military Equipment Samples in the USA and Ukraine: Metrological Support
Authors: Boyko V. , Nozhenko A. , Rondin Yu. , Merkulov A.
Published: August 2019

The analysis of the measures to be carried out during the development (upgrading) of samples of armaments and military equipment carried out through the prism of the current order of supporting the development of armaments in Ukraine and the analysis of the process of development of armaments in the leading countries of the world on the example of the creation and procurement of weapons in the United States. The process of creation and procurement of weapons on the following issues is explored: normative documents regulating the process of creation and procurement of armaments, institutions dealing with the development of rules and regulations governing the development and procurement of weapons, strategic planning and defining the requirements for procurement of weapons, as well as the formation budget (state) applications for a year. Based on the comparison of the organizational and regulatory framework for the development (upgrading) of weapons in the United States and Ukraine, the main problem issues that need to be solved in our country are identified in order to improve the process of supporting the development (modernization) of weapons and military equipment, in particular in the field of metrological support.
Formación en enfermería transcultural en Chile: ¿Una tarea pendiente para la atención de población migrante?
Authors: Correa M. Eliana , Moena Olaya , Cabieses Báltica
Published: August 2019

Actualmente en Chile la migración a aumentado considerablemente, y presenta un desafío para la atención en salud de las nuevas poblaciones. Este artículo es una columna de opinión que discute sobre los aportes teórico prácticos de la enfermería transcultural, para la atención de salud culturalmente pertinente a la población migrante en Chile, lo que corresponde a un gran desafío. Se discute sobre la necesidad de su aplicación en la formación de enfermeras (os), como herramienta para lograr brindar una atención de salud sensible a las necesidades de las diversas poblaciones.
Notas Nomenclaturales en Paspalum grupo Caespitosa (Poaceae, Panicoideae, Paspaleae)
Authors: Delfini Carolina , Souza Vinicius Castro , Zuloaga Fernando Omar
Published: August 2019

A nomenclatural update for eight species of Paspalum L. group Caespitosa is here presented. This informal group presently comprises 16 species distributed from the southern United States to northern Argentina. Its species are characterized by having a caespitose habit, culms simple, and spikelets mostly ellipsoid. We analyzed the protologues of all taxa studied, as well as their respective type specimens housed in 20 herbaria. As a result, we propose lectotypes for the names P. acutissimum Mez, P. blodgettii Chapm., P. caespitosum Flüggé, P. chacoense Parodi, P. divergens Döll, P. simile Mez, P. stramineum Ekman, a second-step lectotype (P. simpsonii Nash), and two comments on previous lectotypifications (P. albidulum Henrard and P. portoricense Nash).
Relato de prática - voluntariado no Panamá
Authors: Ferreira Rita , Portela Ana , Almeida Renata
Published: August 2019

Relato de três médicas internas de Medicina Geral e Familiar sobre a sua experiência de voluntariado no Panamá, durante 2 semanas de Maio de 2018.
Immunophenotypic characteristics of diffuse large b-cell lymphoma and expression of C-MYC protein: single Ecuadorian center experience
Authors: Cevallos Johanna , Montalvo Nelson
Published: August 2019

Background: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) makes up from 25% to 40% of all non- Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) and is the most common histological subtype worldwide. In Ecuador, DLBCL makes up 49% of all NHL cases, but there have been no studies on the immunophenotypic classification of DLBCL in germinal center (GC) and non–germinal center (NGC) subtypes. This study was conducted to ascertain the immunophenotypic profile of DLBCL in an Ecuadorian hospital.

Methods: A total of 38 DLBCL cases from 2006 to 2015 were compiled from the Pathology Service at Metropolitan Hospital (HM) in Quito, Ecuador. Eleven of these cases failed to meet the inclusion criteria; thus, the final sample consisted of 27 cases. Manual tissue microarrays were constructed, and three immunohistochemical markers (CD10, BCL6, and MUM1) were applied according to the Hans algorithm; in addition, the expression of the c-myc protein expression was also investigated.

Results: The results showed that 77.8% of cases were of the GC subtype, 11.1% were NGC, and 11.1% were unclassifiable according to the Hans algorithm.

Conclusions: The most frequent DLBCL subtype was GC, with 21 cases; and 40.7% of these cases overexpressed c-myc.
Actualización de las indicaciones del uso de la radioterapia de intensidad modulada en el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología. Protocolo clínico informado en la evidencia
Authors: Ospino Rosalba , Vallejo María Teresa , Feliciano-Alfonso John Edwin , Gómez Giovanna Andrea , González Garvin , Duvan Ballesteros Holman , Triviño Paola Andrea
Published: August 2019

Antecedentes: La radioterapia de intensidad modulada (IMRT) es una técnica avanzada que se usa ampliamente a nivel mundial; sin embargo, su uso adecuado en nuestro país requiere ser revisado.Objetivo: Actualizar un protocolo clínico (PC) basado en evidencia que contiene las indicaciones clínicas para la utilización de la técnica IMRT en el tratamiento de las patologías oncológicas tratadas más frecuentemente en el servicio de oncología radioterápica del Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INC) – Colombia.

Métodos: La elaboración de este documento fue realizada por un equipo multidisciplinario empleando un manual nacional para el desarrollo de PC. Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de la literatura, seguido por la selección de los artículos relevantes y su evaluación utilizando las herramientas apropiadas. La evidencia fue resumida, contextualizada y empleada para generar las recomendaciones mediante un consenso formal tipo RAND/UCLA.

Resultados: Se generaron indicaciones para el uso de la IMRT en pacientes con alguno de los siguientes tipos de cáncer: próstata y pene, cabeza y cuello, piel, sistema nervioso central, mama, sarcomas de tejidos blandos, pulmón, gastrointestinal, ginecológico y urgencias oncológicas.

Conclusiones: En el periodo 2014 a 2017 ha surgido escasa evidencia sobre el impacto de la IMRT en desenlaces relacionados con la supervivencia y la calidad de vida y por tanto el uso de la IMRT sigue siendo en pacientes seleccionados.
EFFICIENT MONITORING OF TIME SERIES DATA USING DYNAMIC ALERTING
Authors: L Girish
Published: August 2019

Network and Cloud Data Centers generate a lot of data every second, this data can be collected as a time series data. A time series is a sequence taken at successive equally spaced points in time, that means at a particular time interval to a specific time, the values of specific data that was taken is known as a data of a time series. This time series data can be collected using system metrics like CPU, Memory, and Disk utilization. The TICK Stack is an acronym for a platform of open source tools built to make collection, storage, graphing, and alerting on time series data incredibly easy. As a data collector, the authors are using both Telegraf and Collectd, for storing and analyzing data and the time series database InfluxDB. For plotting and visualizing, they use Chronograf along with Grafana. Kapacitor is used for alert refinement and once system metrics usage exceeds the specified threshold, the alert is generated and sends it to the system admin.
Mathematical Tools and Methods for Analysis of SDN: A Comprehensive Survey
Authors: L Girish
Published: August 2019

Software defined Networking (SDN) is one of the developing networking technologies which is attracting extreme interest from both industry and research groups. SDN's application is mainly found in datacenters and research network environments. SDN is a technology which controls the whole network using software that adapts the behavior of the network to be compatible with various applications and environments. In this paper, our goal is to help researchers by providing an insight about the various mathematical tools and verification methods which can be used in the analysis of Software defined networking. These mathematical tools and verification methods help in formalizing the OpenFlow protocol. We assure researchers that by making use of these mathematical tools and verification methods the formal guarantees in the analysis of SDN will not be violated. We present performance prediction tools like Queuing theory and Network Calculus that assists network planners to study how the networks' performance gets affected by varying traffic loads and as the network utilization changes.
Dynamic Management of Virtual machines for Server Consilidation in Data Centers
Authors: L Girish
Published: August 2019

Cloud computing technology whichprovides computing resource on demand over the internet as aservice. To meet this requirement virtualized data centers areestablished all around the world. However, data centers utilizelarge amount of electrical power. Thus results in high operatingcosts and emits carbon dioxide to environment. Carbon dioxideemitted from cloud data centers cause global warming.This paper provides a model and techniques for thedynamic management virtual machines in data centers. The mainpurpose is to increase the utilization of computing resources andminimize energy consumption by switching off the idle nodes.Live migration technique, moving virtual machines betweendifferent physical servers, is mainly used to reduce the number ofactive compute nodes in cloud data centers with minimaldowntime. In this paper, we provide an architecture and softwareframework of open stack neat, for dynamic virtual machineconsolidation in open stack cloud deployment. Open stack is anopen source cloud platform which provides infrastructure as aservice solution. Open stack allows users to deploy virtualmachines which manages different workloads.
TERRITORIES RANKING OF BASHKORTOSTAN ON
THE LEVEL OF FOOD PRODUCTS CONTAMINATION
Authors: Daukaev R.A. , Larionova T.K. , Allayarova G.R. , Adieva G.F. , Afon'kina S.R. , Fazlyyeva A.S. , Usmanova E.N. , Kurilov M.V.
Published: August 2019

The article presents results of many years research into the contamination of the environment with heavy
metals in various regions of Bashkortostan — a region with a high concentration of industrial
production, a developed agricultural complex, and peculiar climatic conditions.We studied the
contamination by metals of the main types of foodstuffs for mass consumption (vegetables, meat, milk)
produced in the region and making up a substantial part of public food basket of the Republic. Sanitaryhygienic,
chemical-analytical and statistical research methods were used. The results of the research allowed
to establish chemical elements background levels typical for animal and plant products obtained in
specific natural areas with a certain environmental situation, as well as to propose a system for territories
ranking by the degree of heavy metals accumulation in animal husbandry and crop production.
NEW HEARING LOSS PROBLEM
SOLUTIONS OF FLIGHT CREWS MEMBERS IN CIVIL AVIATION
Authors: Pankova V.B. , Vil'k M.F. , Glukhovskii V.D.
Published: August 2019

The flight crews members of Civil Aviation aircraft were object of study. The article discusses issues
affecting the official indicators of occupational hearing loss among flight crews members of Russian Civil
Aviation aircraft. We presented the main expert and diagnostic errors in addressing the correlation between
the hearing organ diseases and the profession, showed new solutions to reduce hearing loss indicators,
which consist in improving the methodology for assessing the acoustic load and improving the medical
staff skills in the development of hearing impairment in persons of flight professions of Civil Aviation.
HYGIENIC EFFICIENCY OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT USING
POLYMERIC ION-EXCHANGE MATERIALS
Authors: Skupnevskiy S.V.
Published: August 2019

Polymeric fibrous ion-exchange materials based on polyacrylonitrile matrix, produced in the form of
cation-exchanger KN-1 and anion-exchanger AS-1 were the object of the study. We studied the sorption
properties of these materials to heavy metal salts and products of their chemical transformation with
flotation reagents. According to obtained results, exchange processes have high speed and materials are
characterized by high value of absorption – up to 250 mg/g. The introduction of a cascade filtration
scheme ensures the treatment of highly contaminated multicomponent industrial wastewater to levels
that comply with the hygienic requirements. The advantages of the materials under study are the
possibility of their repeated regeneration (by acid and alkali) without losing their original properties and
the possibility of concentrating the desorbed metals for the purpose of their recycling again.
Advances in induced mutagenesis and mutation mapping approaches in rice
Authors: Bansal Ruchi , Rana Nitika , Kumawat Surbhi , Kumar Nirbhay , Preeti  , Bhatt Vacha , Ansari Waqar , Nadaf Altaf , Lal Katara Jawahar , Samantaray Sanghamitra , Deshmukh Rupesh
Published: August 2019

Induced mutagenesis has been proven to be a successful strategy for the improvement of several crops including rice. In the present review, different induced mutagenesis approaches have been discussed concerning the efficient exploration for rice improvement. Significant efforts and the popular rice varieties developed through the mutagenesis approaches was also well focused. Apart from the use for direct trait improvement, mutagenesis is also important to perform forward and reverse genetics for the characterization of novel genes and biochemical pathways. In this regard, precise mapping of casual mutation has great importance. Recent development in next generation sequencing (NGS) technology has provided a great opportunity to pinpoint the causal mutation with great precision and affordable manner. Here, NGS based approaches like MutMap, MutMap+ and MutGap have been discussed. Similarly, advanced bioinformatics methods like Simultaneous Identification of Multiple Mutations (SIMM) are also highlighted. In addition, we have provided a catalogue of online database of rice mutant lines concerning efficient utilization of available resources. The information provided here will be helpful to better understand recent advances in mutagenesis research and its efficient utilization for the rice improvement program.