bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Política nacional de resíduos sólidos (Lei 12.305/2010): desafios na implementação da logística reversa de medicamentos no Brasil
Authors: Silva Cássia Mara Alexandrino , Ferreira Allan Berthier Silva , Lima Lucas Alves de Oliveira , Luz Tássio Rômulo Silva Araújo , Silva Manoel Messias da , Passos Christian Ricardo Silva , Estevam Stênio Maia , Macêdo Fabrício Meira , Pessoa Bruno Tiago , Lima Jessyca Nayara Mascarenhas
Published: May 2024

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar os desafios na implementação da logística reversa de medicamentos no Brasil. A metodologia consistiu em uma revisão integrativa de literatura, abrangendo artigos disponíveis no SciElo e Google Acadêmico, utilizando palavras-chave específicas. Critérios de inclusão foram aplicados, selecionando apenas artigos brasileiros, escritos em português e relacionados à logística reversa de medicamentos, publicados entre 2022 e 2024. Após a triagem inicial, os artigos selecionados foram submetidos a uma leitura crítica para extração de informações relevantes, seguida pela organização sistemática e síntese dos dados para identificar tendências e desafios na implementação da logística reversa de medicamentos, resultando em uma amostra de 5 artigos científicos. Os estudos analisados nesta revisão integrativa revelaram uma série de desafios na implementação da logística reversa de medicamentos, destacando a complexidade da questão. Apesar dos avanços proporcionados pela Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS) na regulamentação do descarte responsável, a efetiva implementação da logística reversa enfrenta obstáculos diversos. A escassez de estudos atualizados sobre o tema dificulta a compreensão dos problemas e a formulação de soluções adequadas, enquanto a resistência dos estabelecimentos farmacêuticos, devido a preocupações com custos e impactos comerciais, representa outro desafio. Recomenda-se mais pesquisas e programas de treinamento para profissionais farmacêuticos, visando aprimorar a prática de descarte e conscientização pública. A implementação efetiva requer uma abordagem coordenada entre os stakeholders e a revisão da legislação existente. Apesar dos desafios, há oportunidades na logística reversa, como a recuperação de valor dos produtos e o fortalecimento da posição competitiva das empresas. Em suma, é crucial uma abordagem abrangente e colaborativa para superar os desafios e promover a sustentabilidade e o bem-estar da sociedade.
Cloreto de cálcio em abacates (Persea americana M.): impacto na qualidade pós-colheita durante o armazenamento refrigerado
Authors: Silva Gabriel de Siqueira , Cunha Nathan Mickael de Bessa , Gonçalves Laura Cardoso , Oliveira Aryane Ribeiro , Morgado Cristiane Maria Ascari , Campos André José de
Published: May 2024

O abacate (Persea americana M.), fruta oleaginosa climatérica, possui considerável qualidade nutritiva, no entanto, prolongar sua vida útil é um dos fatores cruciais para aumentar a sua comercialização. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da aplicação pós-colheita de cloreto de cálcio em abacate “Breda” armazenado sob refrigeração, e avaliar as características de qualidade dos frutos durante o armazenamento refrigerado. Foi utilizado um delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC), com 4 tratamentos de cloreto de cálcio (CaCl2), sendo o controle somente com água destilada (T1) e o restante com 1% (p/v) (T2), 2% (p/v) (T3) e 3% (p/v) de CaCl2 (T4). Os frutos foram armazenados à 10 ± 0,18°C com umidade relativa de 60 ± 4,73%. As variáveis analisadas foram submetidas à análise de variância (p≤0,05) e, quando significativas, as médias foram avaliadas por regressão. Os resultados mostraram que a utilização de 3,0% CaCl2 proporcionou aumento nos valores de luminosidade e croma nos frutos. No entanto, essa melhoria da aparência foi acompanhada por aumento na perda de massa (7,950 e 8,99%), sendo proporcional à concentração de cloreto de cálcio aplicada. Além disso, em relação as doses empregadas, observou-se redução da acidez com o aumento da concentração de CaCl2, com 0,115% (1% CaCl2) a 0,103% (3% CaCl2). O pH e a firmeza também foram afetadas ao longo do armazenamento. Essas descobertas ampliam o entendimento do manejo pós-colheita do abacate, oferecendo insights importantes para produtores e profissionais da indústria, com o objetivo de aprimorar a qualidade e a comercialização dessa fruta climatérica.
Foreign experience in organizing state and business relationship and its impact on urbanization
Authors: VASILEV S.A.
Published: May 2024

The subject of this study is the relationship between state and municipal authorities, representatives of business sector, the population of certain territories in terms of the need for physical interaction between government and business, which ultimately affects the location of the population. The goal is to prove that Russia's big business itself strives to be physically closer to the authorities, which does not have a positive effect on the processes of urbanization. In its turn, foreign experience demonstrates more effective options for the relationship between state and business that do not affect other social processes. In this work, the author uses statistical method, the method of modeling in terms of formulating the author's proposals, expert assessments, comparative legal method, as well as general scientific methods of deduction, induction, analysis and synthesis. The work shows close relationship between business and public authorities in the Russian Federation, which is due to the territorial location of a large number of people in the area where there are conditions for such interaction. The described situation is not characteristic of most foreign countries. Some variants of influence for overcoming the specified problem are offered. Scope of the results: public administration system, including the processes of state influence on economic entities. Also, individual proposals can be applied in urban planning, solving issues of demography and urbanization. Russia is characterized by a very close relationship between state power and the commercial sector, which significantly distinguishes it from most of other countries, at least in terms of territorial structure. This situation has a negative impact on a large number of social institutions, and therefore it is necessary to take a number of organizational measures, including the use of administration of planning and urban planning activities based on foreign experience.
POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS DE AMPARO A EDUCAÇÃO ESPECIAL EXCLUSIVA E INCLUSIVA
Authors: Melo Marcelo Henrique de , Mayrink Maria Isabel Cristina Batista , Cupertino Marli do Carmo
Published: May 2024

O atendimento educacional especializado é um direito do educando com necessidade especial. Assim, objetivou-se analisar políticas públicas voltadas para educação especial no Brasil. Para isso foi feita uma análise documental da meta 4 do Plano Nacional de Educação (PNE) e Política Nacional de Educação Especial (PNEE). Como resultados observou-se, que apesar da modalidade de estudo inclusivo apresentar significativo crescimento, o processo de ensino/aprendizagem no ensino regular, para efetiva inclusão, ainda é longo. A meta 4 do PNE, visa primariamente o ensino inclusivo, porém um dos pressupostos norteadores do PNEE (de 2020, que ainda não está vigente) é a valorização das singularidades e o inalienável e preponderante direito do estudante e das famílias no processo de decisão sobre a alternativa mais adequada para o atendimento educacional (inclusivo ou exclusivo). De forma geral, o número de matrículas de estudantes especiais é alto, porém o atendimento especializado a esses alunos tem apresentado baixo percentual. Podemos concluir que é necessário garantir matrículas dos alunos, mas também fornecer atendimento especializados, além de monitorar as políticas públicas.
A FUNÇÃO DO DIÓXIDO DE CARBONO NA LESÃO CEREBRAL AGUDA: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
Authors: Silva Diego Ferreira da , Alves Daniella Rodrigues , Alves Rubens Paulo , Barros Luciana Marques de , Macedo Caren Ingrid Silva , Gomes Juliana Braga , Souza Margarete Gonçalves de , Rocha Patrícia de Sousa , Batista Cleiton França
Published: May 2024

Introdução: O dióxido de carbono (CO2) é um componente fundamental da atmosfera terrestre, envolvido em processos vitais e industriais. Sua regulação é crucial tanto em contextos ambientais quanto fisiológicos, especialmente considerando seu papel nos mecanismos de lesão e proteção cerebral. Objetivo: Analisar os efeitos da hipercapnia e hipocapnia no sistema nervoso central (SNC) em pacientes com lesões cerebrais agudas, investigando o potencial neuroprotetor do CO2 e outros efeitos ainda desconhecidos em contextos de lesão cerebral.  Método: A pesquisa constitui uma revisão sistemática, abordando os efeitos da hipercapnia e hipocapnia em lesões cerebrais agudas. A coleta de dados foi realizada em bases de dados como MEDLINE/Pubmed, LILACS, CINAHL, WEB OF SCIENCE, SCOPUS, EMBASE e SCIELO, utilizando descritores específicos. Foram incluídos artigos em inglês, português e espanhol que abordavam a temática da função do dióxido de carbono na lesão cerebral aguda.  Resultados: Foram identificados 54 estudos, dos quais 10 foram selecionados após aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Os resultados demonstram que a hipercapnia pode ter efeitos benéficos em lesões cerebrais agudas, sugerindo um potencial terapêutico. Por outro lado, a hipocapnia, especialmente se mantida cronicamente, pode resultar em desfechos clínicos adversos. Estudos apontam para a importância do equilíbrio na regulação dos níveis de CO2, destacando a complexidade dos seus efeitos no SNC.  Conclusão: A revisão sistemática evidencia a relevância dos níveis de CO2 no contexto de lesões cerebrais agudas, mostrando que tanto a hipercapnia quanto a hipocapnia podem influenciar o desfecho clínico dos pacientes. Entretanto, mais pesquisas são necessárias para entender completamente os mecanismos subjacentes e estabelecer diretrizes claras para o uso terapêutico do CO2 em pacientes com lesões cerebrais.
A 2023. évi tavi viharjelzési szezonról
Authors: Szilágyi Eszter , Zsikla Ágota
Published: May 2024

Az Országos Meteorológiai Szolgálat a vízen tartózkodók biztonsága érdekében minden évben viharjelző szolgálatot lát el a Balatonon és a Velencei-tavon, valamint 2012 óta teljes időszakban a Tisza-tónál is. A viharjelzési szezon április 1-je és október 31-e között tart. Ez az írás a 89. balatoni viharjelzési szezonról számol be, és áttekinti annak jellemző időjárási eseményeit, valamint ismerteti az első és másodfokú viharjelzések statisztikáját.
Desafios para o Brasil construir sua Sociedade 5.0
Authors: Reis Ricardo
Published: May 2024

Este artigo destaca alguns desafios para o Brasil construir sua sociedade 5.0, conceito apresentado pelo Governo Japonês em 2016, no contexto do 5º Plano Básico de Ciência e Tecnologia. Este plano projeta o desenvolvimento da ciência e das tecnologias da informação com foco na qualidade de vida do ser humano. Porém, para construir uma Sociedade 5.0, dependemos de decisões políticas e também um forte avanço educacional, científico e tecnológico. Para isto, é necessário investimento expressivo em Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Computação e Eletrônica para que se construa um ecossistema no setor de TI, que tenha condições de fornecer os dispositivos e sistemas computacionais para o avanço dos diferentes setores da economia e que forneça as condições para o que o país possa transformar a nossa sociedade em uma Sociedade 5.0, com qualidade de vida para todos os cidadãos.
O Futuro da Educação em IA: Pública, Privada ou Institucional?
Authors: Gimenes Itana , Carvalho André C. P. L. F. de
Published: May 2024

A educação superior brasileira é guiada por diretrizes curriculares estabelecidas pelo Ministério de Educação (MEC). Comunidades estruturadas, como Sociedade Brasileira de Computação (SBC) e Conselho Federal de Engenharia e Agronomia (CONFEA), podem articular a estruturação dessas diretrizes, contribuindo para uniformizar os currículos nacionais. Observando tanto o cenário nacional quanto internacional, a Inteligência Artificial (IA) faz parte das diretrizes dos currículos de referência. A IA tem como ponto de partida conteúdos presentes nos currículos de cursos de computação, pois inclui pensamento computacional, linguagens de programação, construção de sistemas, eletrônica, robótica, banco de dados e a base matemática necessária. Porém, a educação em Inteligência Artificial apresenta desafios a serem superados. Assim, este artigo faz parte de um contexto maior que foi discutido em um painel do CSBC-SECOMU 2020. Este painel e as discussões relacionadas à formação educacional que se fez presentes no CSBC e no WEI formarão uma baseline para as decisões da SBC sobre a atualização de seus currículos de referência.
The Translator, Translated
Authors: Kaminski Johannes
Published: May 2024

Chapter 2 uses a multilingual corpus of English, Japanese and Chinese translations to survey general tendencies and experimental approaches. My focus on extreme cases reclaims the work of the translator as authorship. The analysis starts out with an account of Werther’s own translations from Ossian. Amid the text’s French, English and Italian translations, William Render’s translation of Werther stands out for pushing editorial interferences to their extreme, entering a grey area between translation and adaptation. With some delay, Werther also reached East Asia. Japanese and Chinese translations document the state of the two languages at the onset of the twentieth century that were undergoing considerable change. Arguably, the most idiosyncratic East Asian translations are the Japanese by Takayama Chogyū and the Chinese by Guo Moruo. They violate the modern standard, thereby draw attention to the questionable aesthetic norms that dominate contemporary translations. There is a remarkable feature that can be found in free and conservatives translations alike: they implicitly or explicitly take issue with the edition from which the translation is sourced; instead, translators pursue the creation of an Arch-Original, a text that claims to be truer than what others would consider an Original. In replacing the rich complexity of the text, they advance their own vision of an uncompromised Original.
Revolutionary Afterlives
Authors: Kaminski Johannes
Published: May 2024

Chapter 3 follows Werther’s revolutionary reincarnations from Italy to China, a lineage that departs considerably from Friedrich Engels, who characterized Werther’s writing and thinking as the lamentation of a delusional whiner. In contrast, the book’s literary reception outside Germany jumped at the opportunity to draw on the Wertherian hero to advance a revolutionary cause. Foscolo’s Last Letters of Jacopo Ortis (Ultime lettere di Jacopo Ortis, 1798/1802) applies the Werther motif to pre-Risorgimento Italy, where the protagonist is not just a dejected lover and a victim of his own delusions, but an exile, whose eyes are opened to the great price his countrymen are paying for appeasing Austria. During the 1920s, the revolutionary Wertherian hero assumed a central position in Chinese literary modernity. Guo Moruo’s Wertherian prose typifies a rather carefree appropriation of Western sources. Meanwhile, Yu Dafu’s Sinking (沈淪 Chenlun, 1921), Jiang Guangci’s The Young Wanderer (少年漂泊者 Shaonian piaobozhe, 1926) and Ba Jin’s Trilogy of Love (愛情三部曲 Aiqing sanbuqu, 1931–1935) further advance the motifs of Wertherian prose.
Thanatological Revenants
Authors: Kaminski Johannes
Published: May 2024

Chapter 4 takes the death-fixated dimension of Werther at face value and asks: what if life is not worth living? After the text’s initial damnation by church authorities already highlighted the novel’s problematic attitude to life-sustenance, two critics of the interwar period, Heinrich August Korff (1923) and Kamei Katsuichirō (1937) put forward the first affirmative interpretations of the thanatological dimension in Werther, portraying the protagonist as an upright man who embarks on a quest to defy the outrageous limitations experienced by the modern subject. On a conceptual level, Arthur Schopenhauer’s and Sigmund Freud’s elaborations on the human death drive as well as contemporary anti-natalism highlight the validity of this frame of interpretation. In French Werther adaptations, world-weary protagonists as featured in Chateaubriand’s René (1801), Senancour’s Obermann (1804) and Constant’s Adolphe (1816) transcend the level of individual pathology and adapt Goethe’s text to an age in which the increasing aspirations of the individual clash with the disappointments of reality. Central to modern Japanese letters, Sōseki Natsume’s Kokoro (心, 1914) and Dazai Osamu’s No Longer Human (人間失格 Ningen Shikkaku, 1948) portray suicide as an ambiguous act that oscillates between virtue and egotism.
Female Servants in Early Modern England
Authors: Mansell Charmian
Published: May 2024

What was it like to be a woman in service in early modern England? More fundamentally, who were these women? Where did they come from? In what kinds of households did they work and what were they hired to do? How did their lives intersect with the local communities in which they lived? Female Servants in Early Modern England answers these questions by exploring over 1000 witness testimonies from English church courts which record the experiences of women in service between 1532 and 1649. Drawing a wide circle around the experiences of women in service, this book analyses their lives from demographic, geographical, economic, and social perspectives. Combining quantitative and qualitative analysis of evidence, Female Servants in Early Modern England challenges our understanding of service in several key ways. These women, it argues, were intrinsic to the economy, contributing their labour to a range of types of work. Despite being itinerant workers, they were nonetheless embedded in social networks and communities. Though service is seen as a rigid institution designed to regulate labour and youth, this book shows it to have been contingent, operating with a flexibility unsanctioned by law and policy makers but nonetheless accepted within early modern society.
Church Courts and Their People
Authors: Mansell Charmian
Published: May 2024

The church court was responsible for administering spiritual justice in England. It adjudicated a range of disputes including where people sat in church, defamation allegations, and disagreements over probate, and it pursued its own suits in the regulation of sex, marriage, and the clergy. This chapter begins by outlining patterns of litigation over time and place in the five diocesan courts of Bath and Wells, Exeter, Gloucester, Hereford, and Winchester. It sets out the participation of litigants and witnesses according to gender, age, marital and occupational status, and geography. It shows that legal agency in these courts was not equally available to all. It was contingent on patriarchal norms and constrained by age- and status-related ideas around authority. The second part of the chapter sets female servants within this picture by focusing on their interactions with the court. It demonstrates how issues of consent, obedience, and obligation that underpinned servants’ position further complicate their place within this legal institution. Despite social and legal barriers that made their participation household-centred, female servants could and did come to court to pursue legal justice and their testimonies speak to more than just their positions as household servants.
Tracing Lives
Authors: Mansell Charmian
Published: May 2024

The descriptor ‘servant’ is opaque, capturing nothing of the status of those to whom it was attached. Servants are nonetheless assumed to come from poor backgrounds and to have served in the homes of the wealthy. Taking servants recorded in the church court depositions as a starting point, this chapter explores a constellation of sources and evidence to contextualise their service and situate it within broader life histories. From the depositions, I mine the signatures and marks they left at the bottom of their depositions as a mark of consent, interrogating them as indicators of literacy, status, and identity. I explore their self-assessments of wealth that they gave when testifying, disaggregating the fine gradations of status and wealth they articulated. I trace their lives both inside and outside service, using parish records of baptism, marriage, and death as well as probate material to build a picture of who they served as well as who they went on to marry. By tracing the histories of these women in depositions and other archives, the chapter uncovers the myriad reasons they entered service: to seek training in practical and social skills, to escape poverty, and by compulsion.
Time for Service
Authors: Mansell Charmian
Published: May 2024

This chapter presents the age structure of service for women from depositional evidence. It captures not just the ‘snapshot’ ages of female servants at the time of their testimony, but also recalled and past experiences of service related by female witnesses. In doing so, the chapter draws out experiences of service from across the life cycle. Service could be carried out at any point in a woman's working life. By grounding this demographic evidence within individual life-stories, this chapter shows that service was not only a ‘life-cycle’ occupation for women between youth and marriage. It was undertaken by young and old between the ages of 7 and 60. Rather than reading service as empowering, or providing opportunity, I show that it could be a contingent and sometimes coercive form of labour. Their labour wasn’t as free or boundless in choice as the ‘girl power’ argument of north-west European modern economic growth supposes.
On the Move
Authors: Mansell Charmian
Published: May 2024

Servants have long been identified as the most migratory occupational group in early modern society. This chapter charts the migration and mobility of women in service in south and south-west England, using evidence of female servants’ places of residence and birth recorded in court depositions. Migration patterns are established and at a more granular level I chart the extent of local movement between households. The chapter shows variation in the extent and distances that early modern servants travelled and demonstrates the importance of considering not only how mobility affected experiences of service but how service contributed to a society in which geographically disparate places and communities were connected. The chapter finds servant hiring was irregular: hiring occurred throughout the year and contract length was highly variable, with many staying longer than just one year, and many others serving for periods outside of the assumed annual cycle. This evidence points to the prevalence of informal processes of labour exchange (door-to-door enquiry and word of mouth) and the relative absence of formal mechanisms like hiring fairs. In identifying the informality of servant hiring, I ask whether the institution of service can really be considered an institution at all.
Navigating Service
Authors: Mansell Charmian
Published: May 2024

This chapter interrogates the legal position of servants in early modern England by examining the dynamics of contract-making and conditions of service. Rather than studying archives of labour law enforcement, the chapter explores church court depositions for evidence of how service was navigated in this period. It demonstrates that, while enforcement of the 1563 Statute of Artificers was probably limited, service wasn’t wholly ‘free’ for everyone. As contracts were still verbal, they were not easily upheld and both masters’ and servants’ power to enforce them was limited. Masters attempted to bring wayward servants to court. And servants could – and did – negotiate wages and contracts and mobilise legal machinery to challenge unruly patriarchs. But existing hierarchies – social status, employment relations, and gender – all placed restrictions on their bargaining power. Labour relations and ideas of labour were shifting in this period and were not yet well-defined or cemented. While service operated with flexibility (allowing women to agree shorter contracts, negotiate weekly wages, and live away from their masters’ homes), this didn’t always equate to greater or unlimited freedoms.
Working Lives
Authors: Mansell Charmian
Published: May 2024

Female servants are assumed to have undertaken ‘domestic’ tasks including washing, cooking, and cleaning, whereas male servants worked predominantly in agriculture. Adopting a verb-oriented approach, this chapter demonstrates that this assumption does not hold. Through close analysis of over 300 examples of work tasks performed by female servants recorded in church court depositions, the chapter firstly demonstrates the breadth of working activities that women in service were engaged in: domestic work, husbandry, food and textile production, care work, and errand running. The chapter therefore reassesses the value of their work by highlighting the economic importance of their non-market labour, as well as their contribution to generating income for the household. Secondly, the chapter situates these working activities within local working cultures and practices by reconstructing the social and temporal dynamics of their work activities. Female servants’ working activities were spread across the day, week, and year with a peak in activity on Sundays. They laboured alongside men and women, members of the household, and their neighbours. Their work was essential to the functioning of the household.
The Home and Beyond
Authors: Mansell Charmian
Published: May 2024

Studies of female servants’ working activities, social experiences, and relationships are firmly bound within the home and its patriarchal structures. This chapter opens out this household-centred framework through a spatial analysis of female service. In analysing the spaces in which female servants are recorded in church court depositions, the chapter challenges our understanding of their interactions with space and people in early modern England. These women weren’t confined to the domestic sphere either in their work or their social interactions: 50 per cent of servants recorded were outside the home. In showing the impossibility of round-the-clock monitoring of servants, as they spent much time away from the home and their masters or mistresses, the chapter destabilises the model of the patriarchal household as a structure of governance. Household patriarchy was just one social system that monitored and regulated servant behaviour; neighbours too could be influential. Further, I argue that female servants’ links to the wider community gave them power and agency – limited perhaps, but significant nonetheless – in a labour relationship predicated on subservience.
The Autumn Revolution and the Reconstruction of the State and Society
Authors: Šustrová Radka
Published: May 2024

Chapter 2 is an investigation of the transformation of the state and society, the changes in how society and the nation were perceived at the turn of the 1940s, and how this reduced Czechoslovak society to a racially constructed nation. The starting point was the Autumn Revolution, as it was known, from October 1938 onwards, which introduced a new state-political ideology. Expressed in the term národní pospolitost (national community), it was a distinctly Czech attempt at a new concept of the Czech nation and a new form of social relations. Like the Nazi Volksgemeinschaft (national community), the národní pospolitost was defined by a race-based social structure, in this case the Czech nation, but there were no direct links between the two political projects. Looking at the Czechoslovak case in the broader context of the occupied Netherlands, Denmark, and Vichy France, this chapter contextualises it within the more general issues of collaboration and regime legitimacy.
Community-Building through Authoritarian Welfare
Authors: Šustrová Radka
Published: May 2024

Chapter 3 analyses the transformative period after the signing of the Munich Agreement in September 1938 and outlines the institutional background and tools of social security until the end of the war. The institutional grounding of welfare policy during the Nazi Protectorate was to be simpler and cheaper than the interwar social security system. Later, it would be streamlined in order for the offices of the occupier to check and manage it. Its structure would be subjugated to the segregation of the society according to ethnicity, but in certain regions these efforts failed because they proved too complicated to implement. Reich insurance companies did not expand to the Protectorate, and so the Reich’s citizens had to use Protectorate insurance companies. The constant lack of German physicians who could treat the German population was difficult to overcome. While Protectorate authorities continued the work of the interwar network of institutions, the occupiers’ authorities had to build the organisational foundations of social security for the German population. The chapter characterises the repressive and racially exclusive function of social welfare policies that denied social protection to the Jewish and Roma population and to political opponents.
The Date of the Khirbet Wadi Hamam Synagogue(s): An Analysis
Authors: Magness Jodi
Published: May 2024

This chapter takes a deep dive into the evidence for the dating and interpretation of the ancient synagogue(s) at Khirbet Wadi Hamam – a site that is central to the ongoing debates about synagogue typology and chronology. The results of this fine-grained archaeological analysis, together with recent discoveries such as the excavation of the Huqoq synagogue, indicate that instead of being sequential, different synagogue types were contemporary or overlapped and date to the fourth-sixth centuries CE. This conclusion contradicts a widely accepted view that late antique Jewish communities in Palestine suffered and declined under supposedly oppressive Christian rule.
The Traditional View of Justice
Authors: Anderson Merrick
Published: May 2024

This chapter offers a close reading of didactic poetry to lay some important historical groundwork for the remainder of Part One. It analyses the relevant sections of Hesiod’s Works and Days in order to articulate the five theses of The Traditional View of Justice, according to which being just is profitable and prudent because the gods reward just behaviour and punish unjust behaviour. Next, the chapter briefly surveys two historical developments, which both resulted in some tension for The Traditional View and set the stage for the 5th Century sophistic challenge to justice—namely, the growing influence of Hesiod’s work on Greek culture at large and a growing religious skepticism among the intellectual elite.
The 5th-Century Defence of Justice
Authors: Anderson Merrick
Published: May 2024

This chapter addresses the 5th Century sophistic defence of justice by offering an analysis of the ‘Anonymous Iamblichi,’ Prodicus’ ‘Choice of Heracles,’ and the fragments of Democritus, which aims to do three things. First, it shows that these authors—the Friends of Justice—were consciously responding to earlier critics of justice. This plausibly explains why, second of all, they do not rely on the existence of interventionist gods. In contrast to the earliest defenders of justice, these Friends accept the secular assumptions held by the Moral Cynics and still argue that justice is more profitable than injustice. Finally, the analysis suggests that because the Friends object to the Cynics and argue that justice is more profitable than injustice, they should be seen as advancing a modernised version of The Traditional View of Justice.
A Challenge Old and New
Authors: Anderson Merrick
Published: May 2024

This chapter offers a close reading of the first two books of Republic in order to argue that they draw from and engage with the debate about justice discussed earlier. It is argued that Glaucon and Adeimantus’ challenge to justice is both old and new: it is old insofar as most of the arguments draw from the arguments of the earlier Moral Cynics, but it is new insofar as it features one subversive argument about a reputation for justice that is not anticipated by any 5th Century text. The chapter then shows that even this new argument must be understood as evolving out of the earlier debate, for with it Plato intends to expose a flaw in the thinking of earlier Friends. The chapter ends by suggesting that Plato’s identification of this weakness of past defences of justice pointed the way toward a better and more satisfying defence of justice. This new defence promised to successfully respond to the Cynics and finally vindicate the central claim of The Traditional View of Justice.
The Division of Goods and the Defence of Justice
Authors: Anderson Merrick
Published: May 2024

Chapter Six argues that the central argument of Republic is designed to demonstrate the value of justice in a way that avoids the problems faced by the 5th Century Friends of Justice. The author argues that Book II’s famous distinction between the value something possesses ‘because of itself’ [δι᾽ αὑτό] and the value it possesses ‘because of the things that arise from it’ [διὰ τὰ γιγνόμενα ἀπ’ αὐτοῦ] distinguishes between one type of value that depends on something’s intrinsic features as well as the effects it produces by its nature and another type of value, which is realised only when that thing is recognised and responded to by other agents. The significance of this distinction becomes clear against the historical background discussed earlier in the book. When Plato has Socrates demonstrate that justice is valuable ‘because of itself’ in the remainder of Republic, he is having Socrates argue that justice will contribute to the prospering of the just individual even if it is never recognised. By arguing that justice is valuable ‘because of itself’ Plato offers a novel defence of justice and its place in the prosperous human life that is immune to the criticisms of the Moral Cynics.
Conclusion
Authors: Anderson Merrick
Published: May 2024

The conclusion briefly situates the project of Republic in the context of Plato’s entire corpus and offers some suggestions as to why we today find its defence of justice so philosophically appealing. In contrast to other dialogues, which often rely upon the interventionist gods, the influence of the sophistic debate forced Plato to offer a largely secular argument in Republic.
Health and wellbeing in the face of crises associated with climate or conflict: how can knowledge from the humanities and social sciences help us respond to disasters?
Authors: Curtis Sarah , Leach Melissa , Ardern Kate , Beckerman Carly , Hunter Paul R. , Ruszczyk Hanna , Pelling Mark
Published: May 2024

This commentary considers how SHAPE (Social-Sciences Humanities & the Arts for People and the Economy) disciplines contribute to interdisciplinarity, inclusiveness and international cooperation in work to address the challenges to health and wellbeing arising from crises and to inform strategies for crisis preparation, response and recovery. It reviews examples of strategies to address growing international concerns about the global challenges we face, given the increasing scale and frequency of crises arising due to geopolitical conflicts and climate change. In spring 2023, the British Academy, aided by funding from the Wellcome Trust, held three virtual workshops to discuss how we can protect and sustain good health during and after crises precipitated by extreme events associated with climate change or conflicts in various settings around the world. The discussion highlighted the need for Interdisciplinary perspectives, and how knowledge and experience from SHAPE disciplines can complement STEM (Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics) perspectives, helping to inform disaster response strategies and to develop more ‘systemic’ preparedness to protect health during crises. The significant roles of governmental agencies and non-governmental organisations, and the importance of international cooperation were acknowledged. The discussion also emphasised the need to acknowledge the importance of using effective means to engage with stakeholders in communities at the local scale, whose lived experience and knowledge, often embedded in cultures and traditions, can usefully inform ‘joined-up’ policy and practice. A case was also made for more inclusive strategies: for example, acknowledging the vital roles of women during and after disasters.
Geniş Bantlı Yüksek Performanslı Antipodal Vivaldi Anteni: Kablosuz İletişim Sistemleri için Verimli Bir Tasarım
Authors: Duman Mehmet , Berk Volkan
Published: May 2024

Bu çalışma, bilgisayar destekli tasarım ve parametrik tarama yöntemleri kullanılarak optimize edilen antipodal Vivaldi anteninin bakır kaplı FR-4 malzeme üzerine baskı devre aşamalarını ve VNA cihazında yapılan ölçümleri kapsar. Temel gaye, antenin çeşitli mobil haberleşme teknolojileriyle uyumlu bir şekilde çalışabilmesi için istenen frekanslarda optimize ederek anten tasarım ve üretim süreçlerini iyileştirmektir. Yapılan ölçümler, antenin 807 MHz, 2643 MHz ve 3050 MHz frekanslarında başarıyla çalıştığını göstermektedir. Bu veriler, antenin farklı iletişim teknikleriyle uyumluca kullanılabileceğini ve geniş spektrum uyumluluğuna sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Elde edilen bilgiler, endüstriyel uygulamalar için değerli referanslar sunarak gelecekteki kablosuz iletişim teknolojilerinin gelişimine katkı sağlayabilir.
Intervenção contra o bullying nas escolas: relato de experiência sobre práticas extensionistas envolvendo adolescentes
Authors: Danzmann Pâmela Schultz , Valer Alessandro , Silva Ana Cláudia Pinto da , Patias Naiana Dapieve
Published: May 2024

Nesse artigo, aborda-se o combate ao bullying nas escolas, por meio de da implantação de práticas extensionistas que promovam um ambiente seguro. Objetiva-se descrever as práticas e estratégias de intervenção empregadas pelos integrantes de um projeto de extensão nas escolas com o objetivo de trabalhar o bullying. Trata-se de um relato de experiência sobre as intervenções realizadas em quatro escolas. As intervenções foram registradas em diário de campo e analisadas mediante análise de conteúdo de Bardin. A maioria dos estudantes demonstraram um entendimento aprofundado sobre o conceito de bullying e relataram experienciar, testemunhar ou praticar o bullying. Conclui-se a relevância de intervenções extensionistas, bem como sugere-se implantação de ações periódicas nas escolas.
GROWTH CYCLES IN MATURE AND DUAL ECONOMIES
Authors: Skott Peter
Published: May 2024

Mature economies may experience fluctuations, but the average medium and long run growth rate matches the natural rate. Like Kaldor's neo-Keynesian models, the Marx-Goodwin tradition explains this outcome by endogenizing the distribution of income and assuming that the accumulation of capital is increasing as a function of the profit share. The application of Goodwin cycles to developing economies may be hard to justify, however. The modified Goodwin models in this paper include relative-wage norms as a central element of wage formation. Norms change endogenously, leading to path dependence (hysteresis) in the stationary solution for the employment share of the modern sector. The effects of shocks – the sensitivity of the long-run outcome to initial conditions – may be amplified by non-linearities in the adjustment of wages to deviations of actual wages from the norm.
A ascensão da capivara: o uso das redes sociais pela prefeitura municipal de Curitiba - PR
Authors: Barbosa Maria Eduarda Miranda , Castro André Luís de
Published: May 2024

O presente estudo analisou o processo de utilização das redes sociais na administração pública do município de Curitiba-PR em duas gestões: de 2013 a 2016, e de 2017 a 2021. Para tanto, foram realizadas entrevistas com gestores públicos, além da análise de documentos e de publicações nas redes sociais. A primeira gestão foi pioneira na projeção de conteúdos pertinentes da gestão pública municipal de maneira cômica e com referências à cultura pop. Além de fortalecer a interação com os munícipes, a gestão buscou ampliar o relacionamento com cidadãos de outras localidades e páginas de outras prefeituras. Ainda que de forma reduzida, a segunda gestão, apesar de ser de grupo político adversário da primeira, manteve a apresentação de conteúdos relevantes de maneira divertida. No entanto, enfocou na interação com os cidadãos curitibanos. Essa última gestão enfrentou o desafio da pandemia da Covid-19, precisando lidar com temas sensíveis e com o combate às fake news. Apesar das gestões serem compostas por grupos políticos adversários, houve continuidade na forma de comunicação e houve compromisso com a accountability.
Marketplaces: um estudo comparativo do portal de compras do Governo Federal com experiências internacionais
Authors: Yamaji Daniela Mayumi , Vieira Saulo Fabiano Amâncio , Ferrer Maria Florência
Published: May 2024

A utilização de Marketplaces para auxiliar no processo de compras pública vêm se tornando comum no contexto internacional, já que proporcionam maior agilidade, transparência e economicidade das compras governamentais nos países que a adotam como lócus de compras públicas. Recentemente o Brasil lançou o Portal de Compras Públicas do Governo Federal, buscando aprimoramento no processo de compras. Neste sentido, será que o modelo adotado pelo Governo Federal conseguirá obter os resultados já alcançados por outros países? Existem pontos que precisam ser melhor desenvolvidos no modelo brasileiro? Considerando estas inquietações, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo realizar um estudo comparativo entre a plataforma de compras do Brasil com uma plataforma internacional, para levantar os principais aspectos das plataformas estudadas. Foi selecionada, além do Comprasnet, uma experiência internacional que tem reconhecimento quanto à sua eficiência, o Prozorro. Foram comparados os aspectos de estrutura institucional do país onde a plataforma é utilizada, modelo de negócio, processo de implementação e principais resultados auferidos a partir da implementação da plataforma. A análise indica que Prozorro apresenta melhores resultados em termos de agilidade, transparência e economicidade, todavia o Comprasnet também contribui para o aumento da transparência, competitividade, economicidade, agilidade processual e substituição dos pregões presenciais pelos eletrônicos.
Índice de fertilidade natural da camada superficial dos solos do Estado da Paraíba modelado através de geotecnologias
Authors: Francisco Paulo Roberto Megna , Santos Djail , Oliveira Flávio Pereira de , Silva Viviane Farias , Rodrigues Raimundo Calixto Martins
Published: May 2024

Este trabalho objetivou estimar e mapear a fertilidade dos solos do Estado da Paraíba através de modelo paramétrico simplificado denominado Índice de Fertilidade Natural do Solo utilizando técnicas de geoprocessamento. Utilizou-se dos dados dos atributos químicos e físicos descritos nos perfis representativos dos Boletins onde foram elaborados e classificados os respectivos mapas dos atributos, e o de fertilidade superficial foi estimado por modelagem utilizando linguagem algébrica através do software QGIS©. No tratamento estatístico foi realizada a análise descritiva dos dados e o teste de normalidade utilizando o software RStudio©. O uso da técnica de pedotransferência proporcionou resultados satisfatórios aliado ao uso das geotecnologias, a geoespacialização dos atributos dos solos foi realizada com rapidez e precisão. O modelo paramétrico simplificado do índice de fertilidade natural do solo permitiu classificar, mapear e identificar os atributos mais limitantes dos solos. Embora a metodologia utilizada neste trabalho apresente limitações, permitiu levantar informações de suma importância sobre o diagnóstico físico conservacionista da área, estimando dados quantitativos da fertilidade dos solos. Os testes de normalidade de Anderson-Darling, Lilliefors e Shapiro-Wilk apresentaram-se semelhantes entre si. Os atributos dos solos considerados limitantes, a fertilidade apresentou baixos teores de nutrientes P e K, baixos teores físicos de Ds e baixos teores orgânicos de COT e MOS.
Sobre monstros, navios fantasmas e ilhas afortunadas:
Authors: Da Silva Castro Tiago
Published: May 2024

Tratar da constituição dos paraísos turísticos demanda considerável esforço teórico e metodológico. Isto porque, ao passo que citadas formas urbanas verificam importantes dinâmicas de valorização das zonas à beira-mar, constituídas no modo de produção vigente, também é necessário compreender aspectos referentes às condicionantes culturais e psicológicas que conferem às zonas de praia considerável importância para mais diversas parcelas da sociedade. A discussão objetiva compreender mitos e discursos contribuintes da formação das imagens e materialidades dos paraísos turísticos litorâneos e, para tanto, recorre-se a abordagem materialista e hermenêutica dos escritos e relatos sobre mitos e processos que historicamente constituíram as visões socialmente difundidas sobre os riscos, possibilidades e benefícios de fruição das zonas de praia. Verifica-se que, ao passo que ais visões foram difundidas, não só o termo se modifica, como também a sociedade confere novos significados à zona costeira, agregando tal paisagem ao hall de espaços sagrados da modernidade.
Facial Coding Study of the Effect of Halal Claims on Purchase Intention of Electronic Products: Linking Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory
Authors: Yansen Eddy , Faqih Ahmad Maulana , Felicia Felicia , Tannaka Giovano , Pratiwi Givens
Published: May 2024

Usability testing plays a pivotal role in assessing user experience on websites, providing businesses with invaluable insights into customer perspectives. Eye-tracking, a widely accepted methodology, zeroes in on visual engagement by analyzing specific Areas of Interest (AOI). This study embarked on an exploration of the impact of AOI on dwell time for the latest iteration of the Waters website and further delineated the sections that captivated the most and least user attention. Adopting a quantitative stance, a two-way ANOVA was deployed on a sample comprising 15 master’s students from two distinct academic institutions. Preliminary findings underscore significant disparities in dwell times across different AOIs, implying that specific AOIs retain user attention more robustly. Notably, the research has its constraints, encompassing potential deviations in webcam-based eye-tracking accuracy, the modest sample size, and post-hoc AOI categorization. As an extension, subsequent studies could probe the nuanced factors swaying dwell time within Waters' website AOIs, integrating methodologies such as the WSD thnique and proactive AOI classification.
Implementation of Collaborative Governance in Countering Terrorism in Indonesia
Authors: Khudzaifi Muhammad Syauqi , Polyando Petrus , Dione Frans
Published: May 2024

Terrorism is one of the global threats that can affect Indonesia's social, political, and economic stability. Currently, terrorism has been categorized as an extraordinary crime that requires extraordinary efforts from various parties to counter it. This research examines and describes the collaboration process built into countering terrorism in Indonesia. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method with six informants as research subjects. The results show that implementing collaborative governance to counter-terrorism in Indonesia has been running well and involves many parties. However, in the context of the stages of the implementation of collaboration, there are still obstacles. The motivational factor of the parties involved in counterterrorism is enough to influence the imbalance of resources and knowledge among collaborative actors. Different perceptions in addressing the issue of terrorism have caused the starting conditions in the implementation of collaboration not to work properly. This affects the commitment between collaboration actors and the consistency in running various terrorism prevention programs. In addition, the lack of strong regulations governing BNPT's role as coordinator in terrorism prevention causes obstacles in the synergy process. Collaboration has been implemented in terms of quantity, but in terms of quality, there are still things that are not optimal.