bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of ASEAN in Dispute Resolution between Thailand and Cambodia
Authors: Setyowati Herning , Nurulita Alma
Published: March 2024

Dalam arti luas, hukum internasional dibagi menjadi dua, hukum internasional publik dan hukum perdata internasional. Hukum perdata internasional adalah kumpulan ketentuan hukum yang menyelesaikan masalah antarindividu-individu yang pada saat yang sama tunduk pada yurisdiksi dua negara atau lebih yang berbeda. Sedangkan hukum internasional yaitu kumpulan ketentuan hukum yang berlakunya dipertahankan oleh masyarakat internasional. Dalam bahasa Inggris, hukum internasional disebut dengan istilah “international law”. Ada juga yang mempergunakan istilah hukum antarbangsa atau hukum antarnegara. Hukum internasional publik juga merupakan keseluruhan kaidah dan asas hukum yang mengatur hubungan atau persoalan yang melintasi batas negara (hubungan internasional) yang bukan bersifat perdata.
International Criminal Law: A Book Review “The Fundamental Concept of Crime in International Criminal Law”, Iryna Marchuk, Copenhagen Denmark, Springer, 311 Pages, ISBN 978-3-642-28245-4
Authors: Amandha Asyaffa Ridzqi
Published: March 2024

The book “The Fundamental Concept of Crime in International Criminal Law” was written by Iryna Marchuk, Dr. Iryna Marchuk is an associate professor of international and criminal law. Her main research interests lie in the fields of international criminal law, public international law and international dispute settlement. Iryna was previously affiliated with a number of international courts, such as the International Criminal Tribunalfor the former Yugoslavia, the Special Court for Sierra Leone and the International Criminal Court. Iryna's book The Fundamental Concept of Crime in International Criminal Law: A Comparative Law Analysis (Springer 2013) gives particular thought to the catalyzing impact of the criminal law theory developed in major world legal systems upon the crystallization of the substantive part of international criminal law.
Transformation of International Criminal Justice Principle into Indonesia National Criminal Justice System: How Domestic Law Adopt Global Values?
Authors: Amandha Asyaffa Ridzqi
Published: March 2024

Indonesia is one of the countries that adhere to a legal system in it. As a rule of law, of course, it has become a natural thing when all the activities and activities of each individual and the state have been regulated under the rule of law. To create law, specifically a better criminal law. So it is necessary for law enforcement, the rule of law, the legal process, and all aspects of the law to be better. All of these aspects have been regulated in the criminal justice system. The criminal justice system requires synchronization, where the contents of this synchronization will regulate aspects of substance, structural aspects, and cultural aspects in it. Where all of these aspects must be able to synchronize with each other to integrate with a substantial aspect. The role of international criminal law as one of the guidelines in the national criminal justice system is very closely related. The author wants to examine what is the National and International Criminal Justice Systems? and What is the relationship between the Indonesian criminal justice system and international criminal law?International Criminal Law; National; Criminal Justice System.
Role of Climate Change in Afghanistan’s Geopolitical Power
Authors: Mazloum Yar Fayaz Gul
Published: March 2024

The most significant environmental threats today are global warming and climate change. The effects of climate change include water and food scarcity, disease, unemployment, migration, poverty, resource conflicts, and global instability. This study examines the role of climate change in Afghanistan’s geopolitical power. This study employs a descriptive-analytical approach and a survey method. The statistical research community includes experts and specialists in geopolitics, political science, climate science, and university professors. The questionnaire was distributed among them based on indicators related to climate change, development, and geopolitics. 80 questionnaires were collected. On the basis of these findings, a significant and inverse relationship exists between the impacts of climate change and development. Furthermore, the reduction in the development process has a significant and negative impact on Afghanistan’s geopolitical power. Finally, the reduction in development affects the change. Climate plays a mediating role in geopolitics. Then, the priority of parameters influencing climate change in geopolitics was discussed using Friedman’s comparison test. These parameters include 1) poverty and social anomalies, drought, and migration. In the suggestions section, it is emphasized that there is a need to implement effective methods, such as irrigation and the use of clean energy, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to the impacts of climate change.
Effective efforts in resolving international disputes: A review of the principles of international law in the case of the Ligitan and Sipadan Island disputes
Authors: Simamora Yehezkiel Hasiholan
Published: March 2024

This article discusses effective efforts to resolve international disputes by focusing on reviewing the application of international law principles in the context of the Ligitan and Sipadan Island disputes. This research explores the role of international legal principles, such as the principles of peace, justice and sovereignty, in handling territorial disputes between Indonesia and Malaysia regarding these two strategic islands. Through in-depth analysis of the settlement process, this article identifies concrete efforts that can be considered effective in resolving international disputes, as well as considering the impact of applying international legal principles in achieving just and sustainable solutions. The implications of this research can provide additional insight for stakeholders, international law practitioners, and researchers interested in the context of international dispute resolution, especially in cases involving international legal principles at the regional level.
International Law and Dispute Resolution in the Context of Renewable Energy Development: A Review of the Case of Downstreaming of Nickel Ores by Indonesia
Authors: Nainggolan Christian Imanuel
Published: March 2024

This article discusses the role of international law in resolving disputes related to the downstreaming of nickel ore by Indonesia in the context of renewable energy development. The author explores relevant aspects of international law, including trade agreements and environmental protection, which play an important role in resolving disputes related to the exploitation of nickel ore for renewable energy purposes. Through reviewing concrete cases, this article analyzes the dispute resolution process involving related parties, as well as its impact on the development of renewable energy in Indonesia. By exploring the implications of international law in the case of nickel ore downstreaming, this article aims to provide in-depth insight into the challenges and opportunities faced by countries in designing renewable energy policies by paying attention to aspects of international law.
Mechanisms for Addressing Space Debris from the Perspective of International Law
Authors: Khasanah Nur Barokah Uswatun , Atsawin Marc Johan
Published: March 2024

This paper explores the various mechanisms available for addressing the issue of space debris through the lens of international law. As human activities in space continue to increase, so does the accumulation of space debris, posing significant risks to satellites, spacecraft, and overall space operations. International law plays a crucial role in governing space activities and managing the growing problem of space debris. This paper examines the legal frameworks and mechanisms established at the international level to mitigate, prevent, and manage space debris. It analyzes treaties, agreements, guidelines, and principles relevant to space debris mitigation and explores the roles of different actors, including space agencies, governments, and international organizations, in implementing these mechanisms. The paper also discusses challenges and gaps in current legal frameworks and suggests potential avenues for enhancing international cooperation and coordination in addressing the issue of space debris. Through this examination, the paper aims to contribute to the understanding of the intersection between international law and space debris management and to inform future policy and decision-making in this critical area.
Ratification of the UN Anti-Corruption Convention: Legal and Political Implications in Indonesia and its Context within Southeast Asian International Law Discourse
Authors: Nuraini Apriliana Rahma , Niel Edward
Published: March 2024

This paper scrutinizes Indonesia's ratification of the UN Anti-Corruption Convention, examining its legal and political implications within Southeast Asia's international law discourse. Analyzing treaty provisions alongside Indonesia's legal framework, it assesses challenges and opportunities in combating corruption. The study emphasizes several key findings. Firstly, domestically, ratification showcases Indonesia's commitment to combat corruption, addressing a long-standing governance and economic development issue. Aligning with international standards signals intent to fortify anti-corruption efforts, bolster transparency, and augment accountability mechanisms. This aligns with fostering good governance practices vital for sustainable development and attracting foreign investment. Secondly, ratification holds political significance, affirming the government's dedication to tackling corruption, potentially enhancing its legitimacy. However, effective implementation may face hurdles due to entrenched political interests and bureaucratic challenges. In the Southeast Asian context, Indonesia's ratification serves as a model for regional cooperation against corruption. As a major economy and populous nation, Indonesia's commitment sets a precedent for collective action. It underscores the importance of regional collaboration in combating corruption, opening avenues for dialogue, collaboration, and capacity-building initiatives. This offers prospects for strengthening anti-corruption frameworks and mechanisms both nationally and regionally. In conclusion, Indonesia's ratification of the UN Anti-Corruption Convention signifies a pivotal step in combating corruption domestically and regionally. While it showcases political will and potential for regional cooperation, effective implementation remains contingent on overcoming internal challenges and fostering collaboration across Southeast Asia. This study illuminates the complex interplay between national and international efforts to combat corruption, contributing to a deeper understanding of the regional dynamics at play.
Clinical Significance of Upregulation of EZH1 Expression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Tissues
Authors: Chen Si-Yu , Li Jian-Di , Huang Zhi-Guang , He Rong‐Quan , Chen Feng , Li Jian-Jun , Huang Zhao-Quan , Chen Ji-Tian , Chen Gang , Dang Yi-Wu
Published: March 2024

Background and Aims: The incidence and mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are increasing. It is urgent to develop more effective HCC biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment. This project intends to verify the expression of enhancer of zeste 1 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit (EZH1) and its mechanism in HCC.
Methods: This study integrates global microarray and high-throughput sequencing datasets, combined with internal immunohistochemistry, to analyze the expression and prognostic value of EZH1 in HCC. Functional enrichment analysis was conducted to investigate transcriptional targets, which were achieved by intersecting HCC over-expressed genes, EZH1 co-expressed genes and putative transcriptional targets. The relationship between EZH1 and anticancer drugs was detected by drug sensitivity analysis.
Results: In this study, 84 datasets from 40 platforms (3,926 HCC samples and 3,428 non-cancerous liver tissues) were included to show the high expression of EZH1 in HCC. Immunohistochemistry with 159 HCC samples and 62 non-HCC samples confirmed the high expression level. HCC patients with high EZH1 expression had worse survival prognoses. Gene ontology and Reactome analysis revealed that metabolism-related pathways, including autophagy, are critical for HCC. Interestingly, as one of the EZH1 potential transcriptional targets, autophagy-related 7 (ATG7) appeared in the above pathways. ATG7 was positively correlated with EZH1, upregulated in HCC, and mediated poor prognosis. Upregulation of EZH1 was found to be in contact with HCC anti-tumor drug resistance.
Conclusions: The upregulation of EZH1 expression can promote the occurrence of HCC and lead to poor clinical progression and drug resistance; these effects may be mediated by regulating ATG7.
Dysbiosis in Multiple Sclerosis: Can Immunoglobulin Y Supplements Help?
Authors: Paraschiv Andreea Cristina , Vacaras Vitalie , Nistor Cristina , Vacaras Cristiana , Nistor Dorian Traian , Vesa Stefan Cristian , Ilut Silvina , Muresanu Dafin F
Published: March 2024

The role of gut microbiota in autoimmune disorders like multiple sclerosis is gaining attention. Multiple sclerosis is characterized by inflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration in the central nervous system. Alterations in gut microbiota have been linked to multiple sclerosis development, with decreased beneficial bacteria and increased harmful species. The gut-brain axis is a complex interface influencing bidirectional interactions between the gut and the brain. Dysbiosis, an imbalance in gut microbiota, has been associated with autoimmune diseases. The influence of gut microbiota in multiple sclerosis is reversible, making it a potential therapeutic target. Probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation have shown promise in multiple sclerosis treatment, with positive effects on inflammation and immune regulation. Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) supplements derived from chicken egg yolk have potential as nutraceuticals or dietary supplements. IgY technology has been effective against various infections, and studies have highlighted its role in modulating gut microbiota and immune responses. Clinical trials using IgY supplements in multiple sclerosis are limited but have shown positive outcomes, including reduced symptoms, and altered immune responses. Future research directions involve understanding the mechanisms of IgY‘s interaction with gut microbiota, optimal dosage determination, and long-term safety assessments. Combining IgY therapy with other interventions and investigating correlations between microbiota changes and clinical outcomes are potential avenues for advancing multiple sclerosis treatment with IgY supplements.
Performance of Intracystic Glucose Measurement for the Characterization of Pancreatic Cystic Lesions
Authors: Ribeiro Tiago , Lopes Susana , Moutinho-Ribeiro Pedro , Macedo Guilherme , Vilas-Boas Filipe
Published: March 2024

Background and Aims: Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is essential for the classification of pancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs). Recently, intracystic glucose has been suggested as an alternative to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level as a predictor of mucinous cystic lesions (M-PCLs). This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic performance of intra-cystic glucose in distinguishing between M-PCLs and non M-PCLs (NM-PCLs) and to analyze the possibility of on-site glucose measurement with a standard glucometer.
Methods: Patients with PCLs submitted to EUS-FNA with simultaneous intracystic glucose measurement between 2017 and 2022 were included. The diagnostic performance of glucose versus CEA for the differentiation between M-PCLs and NM-PCLs was compared to a final diagnosis based on the analysis of surgical specimen, intracystic biopsy or, if this data was unavailable, multidisciplinary evaluation. A cut-off of <50 mg/dL was used for the diagnosis of MCLs. Additionally, the agreement between on-site glucose determination with a standard glucometer and laboratory glucose measurement was assessed.
Results: Mucinous lesions accounted for 56% of all PCLs. The median values of glucose and CEA for M-PCLs were 18 mg/dL and 286 ng/mL, respectively. Intracystic glucose had a sensitivity and specificity of 93.2% and 76.5%, respectively, for the diagnosis of MCLs (versus 55.6% and 87.5%, respectively, for CEA). The area under the curve was 0.870 for on-site glucose (versus 0.806 for CEA). An excellent correlation was observed between on-site and laboratory glucose measurement (ρ=0.919).
Conclusions: The measurement of intracystic glucose showed superior performance compared with CEA in distinguishing between M-PCLs and NM-PCLs, with excellent correlation between on-site and conventional lab glucose measurement. Thus, on-site intracystic glucose appears to be an excellent biomarker for the characterization of PCLs due to its low cost, high availability, and the need for a minimal cyst fluid volume for its determination.
Extensive Hepatic Infarction due to Polycythemia Vera
Authors: Furukawa Kazuhiro , Urano Fumihiro , Okamura Shozo , Kawashima Hiroki
Published: March 2024

Polycythemia vera (PV) is one of the three BCR-ABL1-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms characterized by activating mutations in JAK2, which clinically presents as erythrocytosis and has an increased risk of both thromboembolic events and progression to myelofibrosis and acute myeloid leukemia. Splanchnic vein thrombosis is a rare manifestation of venous thromboembolism involving one or more abdominal vessels and is strongly associated with PV. We herein report a case in which hepatic infarction due to PV was saved by conservative treatment.
Elastic scattering cross-sections of 16,18O + 120Sn reactions based on the potential of the modified Thomas - Fermi method with consideration of the core
Authors:   Institute for Nuclear Research, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Davydovska O.I. , Nesterov V.O. , Denisov V.Yu.
Published: March 2024

Nucleon density distributions and nucleus-nucleus interaction potentials for the reactions 16,18O + 120Sn were obtained within the framework of the modified Thomas - Fermi method. In the calculations, all terms up to the second order in ћ in the quasi-classical distribution of kinetic energy were taken into account. Density-dependent Skyrme forces were used as nucleon-nucleon interaction. Using the found potentials, cross-sections of elastic scattering were calculated, which well describe the corresponding experimental data.
Inclusive reaction of deuteron fragmentation upon its collision with a target deuteron
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Kovalchuk V.I.
Published: March 2024

Within the framework of eikonal approximation and the double folding model, a formalism for calculating the inclusive spectra of particles emitted from the deuteron breakup reaction is proposed. The spectra of protons from the reaction 2H(d,p) at an incident particle energy of 59.9 MeV are described. The calculated values of cross-sections are in good agreement with the corresponding experimental data.
Comparative study between IVBM and IBM-2 models to calculate the energy levels for 162-16870Yb isotopes
Authors:   Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya, Nasef D.M. , Ellafi E.T. , El-Kadi S.M.
Published: March 2024

This study uses the interaction vector boson model (IVBM) to identify negative parity band (NPB) energy levels in the 162-16870Yb isotopes series. Simultaneously, the interacting boson model-2 (IBM-2) and the IVBM model were used to determine the ground state band (GSB) energy levels of the same isotopes. The ratios RI/2 and R(I+2)/I are calculated and E-GOS (E-gamma over spin) curves are plotted to determine the properties of these nuclei in the GSB. The isotopes 16270Yb, 16470Yb, and 166-16870Yb have different symmetries. Studies have shown that the IVBM model is more consistent with experimental results than the IBM-2 model, especially at high energy levels. This study provides a valuable comparison of results from different models, improving our understanding of the energy levels and properties of these isotopes.
Determination of energy disorder value in amorphous oxide semiconductors
Authors:   Institute for Nuclear Research, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Fishchuk I.I.
Published: March 2024

The amorphous material films are resistant to high-energy irradiation. Therefore, devices built using the properties of these materials can work in conditions of increased radiation much longer than devices using the properties of crystals. An important characteristic of these materials is their degree of disorder. To determine this characteristic, a model of random fluctuations of the local edge of the conduction band is considered for the theoretical study of magnetoconductivity in amorphous oxide semiconductors. The effective medium approximation is used. An approach to determining the amount of energy disorder based on experimental measurement of changes in longitudinal and transverse electrical conductivity in a magnetic field is proposed.
Obstacles to Women’s Rights to Education: The Taliban Regime and Its Policies on Women’s Education in Afghanistan
Authors: Amiri Mir Hussain
Published: March 2024

In Afghanistan, significant progress has been made in education, particularly after the formation of the interim government. However, challenges persist, including the gender gap in education. While strides have been made, girls' participation in schools and universities remains low, especially in rural areas due to cultural and traditional constraints. The Taliban's rule in the past has caused significant damage to Afghanistan's education system, particularly for women and girls. Despite promises of moderation, the recent return of the Taliban has not resulted in improved access to education for girls, further exacerbating the challenges faced by Afghan youth. Education is an indispensable force for societal advancement, shaping individuals and cultures. In the case of Afghanistan, progress has been made, but significant obstacles, including gender disparities and the impact of Taliban rule, remain to be addressed to ensure equitable access to education and empower Afghan youth.
Expectation Disconfirmation, Ideal Point and Kano Models of Customer Satisfaction: A Comparison
Authors: Huang Hui-Hsin
Published: March 2024

This article compares three customer satisfaction models: expectation disconfirmation, ideal point, and Kano. It depicts the details of the three types of satisfaction stochastic models. A beauty shop's e-commerce database is used as empirical data for parameter estimates and model comparisons. The model calibration uses both root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) and the Chi-square test. The results demonstrate that the expectation disconfirmation model has the maximum fitness in the RMSD index, but the lowest goodness of fit in the Chi-square test. In contrast, the ideal point model produces opposite findings on the RMSD index and the Chi-square test. The expectation model, which has a larger number of parameters than the other two models, can be used for elastic changes to explain varied situational elements of pleasure, but it also requires more data to be stable. However, the ideal point model has a simpler structure than the other two models. There is only one parameter to estimate, which makes it easy to apply. However, it is less accurate than the other two models when measuring dynamic satisfaction.
A Road to “Unity in Diversity”: The Case of Indonesia’s Chinese Minority Group
Authors: Bhaskara Ignasius Loyola Adhi
Published: March 2024

Indonesia is well-known for its diverse ethnic groups. The lovely motto bhinneka tunggal ika (unity in diversity) has long been used to foster national identity and demonstrate how these many ethnic populations may cohabit peacefully. However, this is not always the case, especially among the Chinese-Indonesian community. This article examines the history and current situation of the Chinese-Indonesian minority, which has faced various forms of violence and discrimination since the Dutch colonial era, to understand why Chinese Indonesians are frequently used as a scapegoat for problems in the country, particularly those related to economic disparity. It explores the causes and implications of the unfavourable sentiment against this ethnic group using Johan Galtung's concepts of direct, structural, and cultural violence. It also evaluates the Indonesian government's legislative and social actions to solve the issue, concluding that they are insufficient to promote constructive peace and justice. The article argues that a genuine reconciliation process is required to heal the trauma and promote mutual understanding among Chinese Indonesians and other ethnic groups.
Do Filipinos Really Hate Duterte’s Leadership? Uncovering Duterte Controversies in the Philippines
Authors: Dano Givheart
Published: March 2024

This article investigates whether Filipinos genuinely have negative feelings about President Duterte’s leadership. It examines public opinions through surveys, media discussions, and actions in socio-political groups. Using a descriptive research approach, this article aims to understand diverse perspectives on Duterte’s leadership in the Philippines. It delves into why some people support him and others criticize him, considering factors like economic policies, leadership style, and responses to significant events during his presidency. This article seeks to uncover the various reasons that influence people’s opinions in a changing political and social landscape in the Philippines. It recognizes that different factors shape Filipinos’ beliefs about their leader. Finally, it offers insightful perspectives into the complex sentiments surrounding Duterte’s leadership, providing a clearer understanding of what Filipinos truly think about their president.
Populism and Political Parties in Asia: A Comparison of Aam Admi Party (AAP) in India and the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) in Japan
Authors: Nandy Debasish , Akon Md. Saifullah
Published: March 2024

Populism is one of the most popular techniques used by Asian political parties. Political parties use this tactic through socio-political movements not only for the larger good of society but also for their own narrow goals. This article investigates two separate political parties from India and Japan. Populist policies have both beneficial and harmful effects on politics. The given promises often failed to address the grievances of the voters. A significant civil society movement propelled the Aam Admi Party (AAP) to political status. It began as a non-political entity and evolved into a political one. Following the formation of AAP, the issue of civil society as a non-political entity arose.  The AAP is a regional party that holds power in two Indian states, focusing its populist policies on local issues. As a national party, the Liberal Democratic Party of Japan (LDP) is comparatively old and addresses pertinent national issues, like national security. The quality of politics and socio-economic dynamics of the two countries are different. This paper argues that populism as a tool cannot always be beneficial for the political culture of a country. The wide gap between the promises and implementation often creates discontent among the voters. This paper will attempt the delineate the different scenarios of the populist policies of the AAP of India and the LDP of Japan using the content analysis method.
Selegiline modulates inflammatory indicators in RAW 264.7 macrophages and LPS-aggravated CFA-induced rheumatoid arthritis in rats
Authors:   Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Girijananda Chowdhury University, Dekargaon, Tezpur, Sonitpur, Assam, India, Ahmed Abdul Baquee , Chetia Purbajit ,   Assam Science and Technology University, Jalukbari, Guwahati, Assam, India
Published: March 2024

Introduction and aim. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) causes pain, inflammation, and deformities in numerous joints. Monoamine oxidase B (MOA-B) inhibitor selegiline exhibits anti-inflammatory characteristics and has the propensity to scavenge free radicals. Therefore, the aim of this research comprises of assessing the effect of selegiline on proinflammatory cytokines in RAW 264.7 macrophages as well as its capacity to improve various arthritic parameters in rats with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) accelerated complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) induced RA. Material and methods. In RAW 264.7 cells (lipopolysaccharide accelerated), nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ) were determined after treat ment with selegiline. Different arthritic parameters were analyzed after administration of selegiline in LPS accelerated CFA-induced arthritis in rats. Results. LPS escalates NO, TNF-α, IL-6, iNOS, and PGE2 quantities in the RAW 264.7 cells, which was minimized by selegiline at 100 µg/mL and 150 µg/mL respectively. In rats, CFA induction causes a decrease in body weight, elevation of paw volume, splenic index, and arthritic index, which are further accelerated by LPS. 20 mg/kg of selegiline managed all these arthritic parameters effectively, including TNF-α, IL-6, and a few other biochemical parameters. Conclusion. Selegiline may be beneficial in RA extenuating joint and cartilage damage, and modulating inflammatory responses.
Effect of clinic-based and telemonitored home-based intervention on pain intensity, functioning and quality of life in patients with knee osteoarthritis
Authors:   Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria, Ojoawo Adesola Ojo , Odesanya Oluwaseun ,   Physiotherapy Department, Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Nigeria, Kunuji Kayode ,   Physiotherapy Department, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile Ife, Nigeria, Mbada Chidozie Emmanuel ,   Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria, Adedeji Oluwafemi Olusesan ,   Physiotherapy Department, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile Ife, Nigeria
Published: March 2024

Introduction and aim. The study assessed and compared the effects of clinic-based and telemonitored home-based interventions on pain intensity, functioning and quality of life in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Material and methods. Forty-two patients were recruited purposely and randomly allocated into clinic-based (CBG) and telemonitored home-based group (THG) equally. The CBG and THG received isometric exercises to strengthen the quadriceps and hamstring muscles using theraband. THG received the exercise at home they were monitored on phone thrice in a week, while the CBG did the exercise in the hospital. The subjects performed four sets of eight repetitions three days in a week for eight weeks. Pain intensity, functioning and health related quality of life (HRQoL) were assessed at pretreatment, 6th and 8th week of intervention. Data was analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics. Alpha level was set at 0.05. Results. There was a significant reduction (p<0.001) among pre-treatment, 6th and 8th week intervention in pain intensity, functional pain intensity and quality of life of CBG and THG. CBG showed significant reduction (p<0.001) in pain intensity, function and increase in HRQoL than THG at 8th week. Conclusion. Clinic-based and telemonitored home-based interventions were both effective in the management of KOA but clinic-based intervention was better than telemonitored home-based intervention.
Surgical management of upper cervical esophagus stricture caused by ingestion of corrosive substances – a single-center experience
Authors:   Life Institute of Gastroenterology and Gynecology, Cuttack, India, Mishra Haris Chandra , Mohapatra Jyotiranjan ,   Shri Jagannath Medical College and Hospital, Puri, India, Dash Sashibhusan ,   Life Institute of Gastroenterology and Gynecology, Cuttack, India, Dash Sanghamitra ,   Life Institute of Gastroenterology and Gynecology, Cuttack, India
Published: March 2024

Introduction and aim. Corrosive strictures of the upper cervical esophagus and hypopharynx are hard to treat in the operating room because there is a high chance of aspiration during swallowing after a high-up or proximal esophageal anastomosis. In this cases, we aimed to evaluate the role of intraoperative dilatation of the proximal hypopharyngeal and cervical esophageal stumps during surgery. Material and methods. Patients who underwent surgery and had upper cervical esophageal and hypopharyngeal strictures from corrosive substance ingestion were included. Results. Out of total 27 patients, 10 had a cricopharyngeal or proximal cervical esophageal stricture with a long segment tho racic esophageal stricture that was treated with intra-operative dilatation (IOD) of the proximal hypopharyngeal stump. IOD was done in two cases with Hegar’s dilator and in three cases with wire-guided Savary Gillard dilators. In 74% (20/27) of the cases, the colon was frequently used as an esophageal substitute, while the stomach was only used in 10 cases. On follow-up, none of them developed repeated aspirations or required a tracheotomy. Conclusion. IOD of the proximal hypopharyngeal and cervical esophageal stumps during surgery for corrosive upper cervi cal esophageal or cricopharyngeal strictures helps to save the proximal stump and avoid frequent hospital stays and multiple surgeries.
Unveiling challenges in cadaveric dissection for medical education – a study of student perspectives
Authors:   Department of Anatomy, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, India, K. Sudha , James Jerin ,   Department of Pharmacology, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, India, Natarajan Pratheepa Sivasankari ,   Department of Anatomy, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, India, Subramanian Sundara Pandian ,   Department of Anatomy, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, India
Published: March 2024

Introduction and aim. Cadaveric dissection is the mainstay of learning anatomy by medical students. Even though newer teaching learning methodologies have been implemented to facilitate learning anatomy, cadaveric dissection remains the most preferred method by students. The objective of this study was to analyze the student perspective of different aspects of learning anatomy with their positive and negative experiences and to get a better understanding of their opinions and their experience. Material and methods. In this cross-sectional study, a pretested and validated questionnaire was used to collect information from the students after approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee. Informed consent was obtained from every student prior to their participation in the study. Results. Three hundred seventy-seven students took part in this study and the response rate obtained was 63.5%. The majority of the students stated that cadaveric dissection has helped them in learning basic anatomy and had deepened their under standing of complexity of human body and has helped in better performance in clinical applications. The smell of formalde hyde and eye irritation was cited as the major reasons for finding dissection sessions challenging. Most of the students agreed that counselling before dissection sessions will help to alleviate the emotional reactions to cadavers. Conclusion. The students unanimously agreed that cadaveric dissection sessions are the best way to learn basic anatomy com plemented with newer teaching tools like prosection and computer-based approaches. However, the problems encountered by the students like smell and irritation of formaldehyde need to be addressed with usage of alternative techniques.
The content of lactoferrin and interleukin-8 in breast milk of patients with lactational mastitis
Authors:   Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostic, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine, Demianchuk Nataliia , Akimova Viorika ,   Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostic, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine, Soyka Larysa ,   Communal Institution of Higher Education of Lviv Regional Council “Andrey Krupynsky Lviv Medical Academy”, Lviv, Ukraine, Shchurko Mariia ,   Communal Institution of Higher Education of Lviv Regional Council “Andrey Krupynsky Lviv Medical Academy”, Lviv, Ukraine, Lapovets Lyubov ,   Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostic, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine, Lutsiv Nataliia ,   Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostic, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine, Tkachuk Serhii ,   Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostic, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine, Buchko Olha ,   Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostic, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine, Zubchenko Svitlana ,   Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine, Hayduchok Ihor ,   Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
Published: March 2024

Introduction and aim. Information concerning lactoferrin and interleukin-8 (IL-8) local levels in breast milk are not numerous and requires further research. The aim of this study was to determine the content of lactoferrin and interleukin-8 in the breast milk of patients with lactational mastitis, and to identify new potential markers for assessing the activity of the inflammatory process in the mammary gland. Material and methods. This study analyzed the breast milk of 30 women with lactostasis (group I), 37 women with lactational mastitis (group II) and 30 healthy lactating women (age 26±5 years old). The milk content of lactoferrin and interleukin-8 (IL-8) was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results. The average value of lactoferrin in breast milk of healthy women was 4.78±0.47 mg/mL, exceeding levels in group I 1.8 times (p<0.05). The level of lactoferrin in group II exceeds the control values 3.1 times (p<0.05). The content of IL-8 in breast milk of women in group I was 7.3 times higher than the control (3.63±0.12 pg/mL, p<0.05). In lactational mastitis, the concentration of IL-8 in breast milk exceeded the group I 13.9 times (p<0.05) and was 1.9 times higher than group I (p<0.05). Conclusion. The analysis has revealed an increase of lactoferrin and IL-8 in breast milk of the test groups, which indicates the activation of non-specific protection.
Assessment of hepatorenal biochemical indices in male Sprague Dawley rats preceding concurrent oral administration of Ghana alcoholic bitters and natural cocoa powder
Authors:   Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana, Maalman Raymond Saa-Eru , Bimpong Samuel ,   Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana, Abaidoo Chrissie Stansie ,   Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana, Cuba Magalys Lopez ,   Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana, Kumi Michael Barima ,   Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana, Sarkodie Francis Kofi ,   Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
Published: March 2024

Introduction and aim. There has been a surge in the consumption of Ghanaian alcoholic bitters. Ghanaian alcoholic bitters are formulated from a maceration of not less than three plant parts making the organic composition very complex. There appear to be no studies on the effect of Ghanaian alcoholic bitters on the hepatorenal biochemistry indices. The study aimed to assess the effects of alcoholic bitters and cocoa powder on the liver and kidney serum biochemistry. Material and methods. Twenty-four healthy male Sprague Dawley rats, age 11–12 weeks, weighing 150–250 g were used. The rats were randomly assigned to four groups (n=6). At the end of the experimentation, a blood sample was taken by cardiac puncture and centrifuged to obtain the serum for biochemical assays and analysis. Results. The liver enzymes showed no significant difference between the treatment and control groups. There were higher mean values for total bilirubin and direct bilirubin for alcoholic bitters and natural cocoa powder groups respectively than the control group and the co-administration of alcoholic bitters and natural cocoa powder group. Conclusion. The study concludes that alcoholic bitters consumption might cause injury to the liver and kidney resulting in anomaly of the hepatorenal indices from rat blood serum biochemistry.
Stigma and its relationship with life satisfaction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors:   Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Arel University, Istanbul, Türkiye, Turen Sevda , Yurtsever Melike ,   Diabet Clinic, Istanbul Sultangazi Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye
Published: March 2024

Introduction and aim. This study aims to determine the level of stigma in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and evaluate its relationship with their life satisfaction. Material and methods. This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study conducted in a single tertiary care center. Two hundred and ten patients ≥18 years old diagnosed with T2DM were included in this study. The relationship between the “Type 2 diabetes stigma assessment scale” and the “Satisfaction with life scale” was assessed using Pearson correlation analysis. Results. The average age of the participants was 54.85±15.81 years. The majority of patients reported adherence to diabetes treatment and having comorbidities. Stigma levels were higher in patients ≤65 years, those with less than a high school educa tion, and those receiving insulin or oral anti-diabetic treatment, but lower with a T2DM diagnosis duration of ≤ 5 years (p<0.05). Life satisfaction was influenced by age, education status, economic status, adherence to treatment, dietary compliance, and the presence of comorbidities. A moderately negative relationship between stigma level and life satisfaction was identified. Conclusion. The study’s results indicate that an increase in stigma level is associated with a decrease in life satisfaction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Patterns and characteristics of traumatic dental injuries in children – a retrospective study in a dental hospital in Kolkata, India
Authors:   Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India, Goswami Suchetana
Published: March 2024

Introduction and aim. Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) in children can have aesthetic, functional, and psychological conse quences. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the epidemiology and patterns of TDIs in a hospital-based population. Material and methods. Patient records from the Department of pediatric and Preventive Dentistry in a dental college and hospital in Kolkata, India, were reviewed. A total of 381 patients, aged 1 to 12 years, who presented one or more traumatized an terior teeth between September 2018 and August 2022, were included. Data on age, sex, mechanism of injury, type of trauma, dentition type, and number of affected teeth were collected. The World Health Organization classification system was used to classify the type of dental trauma. Results. Among the study population, there were 235 males (61.7%) and 146 females (38.3%), with a mean age of 7.67±3.87 years. Falls were the most common cause of trauma (52.2%). The maxillary central incisors were the most frequently affected teeth in both primary and permanent dentitions. Conclusion. Falls were the most common cause of trauma and the maxillary central incisors were the most commonly affected teeth in children.
Prolonged screen-time as the cause of ocular disorders: what can we do with the problem? – a review
Authors:   Student Research Club at the Department of Ophthalmology, Infant Jesus Teaching Hospital, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland, Dyrek Martyna , Sikorska Ewa ,   Chair and Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Center for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland, Partyka Aleksandra ,   Student Research Club at the Department of Ophthalmology, Infant Jesus Teaching Hospital, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland, Sikorski Piotr ,   Student Research Club at the Department of Ophthalmology, Infant Jesus Teaching Hospital, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland, Dusza Edyta ,   Student Research Club at the Department of Ophthalmology, Infant Jesus Teaching Hospital, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland, Kopacz Dorota ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Infant Jesus Teaching Hospital, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
Published: March 2024

Introduction and aim. Recently, an increased use of video display terminals has been observed in workplace environments, as a result of the evolution of communication technologies and new information-sharing strategies. It has led to an increased prevalence of computer-related ocular disorders, such as computer vision syndrome, dry eye disease, refractive errors and con vergence insufficiency. In this review we describe problems associated with these disorders and propose preventive methods. Material and methods. With the use of specific keywords, the databases of the PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar were searched for relevant original papers. Analysis of the literature. The listed disorders might have similar symptoms, such as eye burning, itching, blurred vision, and tearing, and their severity correlates with the time of exposure to video display units. However, there are preventive measures, which can help in decreasing the negative effects of computers on our vision, such as adequate viewing distance, proper work space lighting, eyeglasses with anti-glare coating, taking 5-minutes breaks after every 30 minutes, or following the 20-20-20 rule. Conclusion. Prolonged usage of the video display terminals is connected to many ocular disorders, and in today’s world, it is very important to remember actions that can be undertaken to minimize the risk.