bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ALLERGIC GRANULOMATOSIS AND ANGIITIS (CHURG‐STRAUSS SYNDROME)
Authors: Sasaki Atsushi , Hasegawa Masatoshi , Nakazato Yoichi , Ishida Yoichi , Saitoh Shinichi
Published: December 2008

A 54‐year‐old nonasthmatic man was found to have allergic granulomatosis and angiitis (AGA) (Churg‐Strauss syndrome) with pulmonary lesions suggestive of diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB) at autopsy. The patient, with initial symptoms of cough and sputum, developed progressive dyspnea, eosinophilia, emaciation, fever, mononeuritis multiplex and myocardial infarction. The hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) and DPB were suspected clinically. Corticosteroid therapy was not given at any time during the course. Autopsy revealed necrotizing, granulomatous angiitis affecting medium‐sized arteries in many organs, extravascular granulomas in the interstitium of the heart and tissue infiltration by eosinophils. The heart showed widespread myocardial fibrosis and small foci of muscle fiber coagulation necrosis, which seemed to be the cause of death. In the lungs, the walls of respiratory bronchioles showed marked thickening with lymphocytic infiltration, lymph follicle formation and fibrosis. Accumulation of xanthoma cells was also observed. On the basis of the findings of clinical and pathological examinations, the patient was considered to have had DPB before the development of AGA.
RHABDOMYOSARCOMA WITH BONE MARROW METASTASIS SIMULATING ACUTE LEUKEMIA
Authors: Hayashi Yoshitake , Kikuchi Fumihito , Oka Teruaki , Itoyama Shinji , Mohri Noboru , Usuki Kensuke , Takaku Fumimaro , Murakami Tohru , Saitoh Yoshimi , Urano Yoshinori
Published: December 2008

Rhabdomyosarcoma manifested as a systemic disease is very rare and cases showing diffuse metastasis in the bone marrow are most unusual. Recently we encountered two cases of rhabdomyosarcoma with diffuse bone marrow metastasis which were clinically manifested as acute leukemia. The first patient was a 15‐year‐old female, who was admitted in 1982 with pancytopenia and many large primitive cells in bone marrow aspirates, hematological malignancy being diagnosed. Thereafter the bilateral breasts showed rapid swelling and a biopsy specimen revealed the histological features of typical alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. The primary site of the neoplasm remained undetermined during the course. At autopsy, it was disclosed that the neoplasm originated from the left thigh and showed generalized metastasis. The second patient was a 38‐year‐old man, who was admitted in 1986 because of a nasal polyp obstructing the nasal cavity, and persistent nasal bleeding. Peripheral blood samples showed leucoerythroblastosis and thrombocytopenia, and large primitive cells were found In bone marrow aspirates, so that hematological malignancy was initially diagnosed. A biopsy specimen of the nasal polyp showed proliferation of large round cells and electron microscopy demonstrated the ultrastructural features of rhabdomyosarcoma.
EXPERIMENTAL GLOMERULAR TISSUE INJURY INDUCED BY IMMUNIZATION WITH CULTURED ENDOTHELIAL CELL PLASMA MEMBRANE
Authors: Matsuda Masayuki
Published: December 2008

Damage to glomerular endothelial cells, which are the constituents of the size‐dependent and charge‐dependent glomerular barrier, may result in proteinuria. Brain endothelial cell plasma membrane possesses an Intrinsic potential antigenicity which is capable of injuring the blood‐brain barrier and causing widespread demyelination in the brain. To examine the pathogenetic effect on the glomerulus of plasma membrane sensitization, we injected guinea pigs with a single dose of plasma membrane products derived from cultured endothelial cells from the brain and umbilical cord, and observed the resulting effects both clinically and by histological, immunofluorescence and ultra‐structural examinations of renal tissues. The animals immunized with plasma membrane products showed clinically mild proteinuria. Proliferative changes in the mesangial matrix with mild mononuclear cell infiltration was observed in the glomeruli of all experimental animals. Immunofluorescence studies showed finely granular, peripheral capillary loop and mesangial staining for IgG and C3. Electron microscopy revealed fine, electron‐dense deposits in the subendothelial region. In addition, titers of anti‐endothelial cell antibodies and circulating immune complexes were significantly high. It was suggested that antibody‐mediated immune mechanisms might play a role in the pathogenesis of this glomerular tissue injury induced by immunization with cultured endothelial cell plasma membrane products. ACTA PATHOL JPN 38: 823∼839, 1988.
ULTRASTRUCTURAL IMMUNOLOCALIZATION OF LYSOZYME IN PANETH‐LIKE CELLS IN UNDIFFERENTIATED (GASTRIC)‐TYPE CARCINOMA OF THE STOMACH
Authors: Ohtani Haruo , Sasano Nobuaki
Published: December 2008

Five cases of gastric carcinoma of undifferentiated (gastric) type containing Paneth‐like cells were studied by immunoelectron microscopy for lysozyme using two methods. The Paneth‐like cells in these carcinomas had lost their cellular polarity and possessed electron‐dense granules. These granules varied in size (0.5‐3μm in diameter), electron density and shape. Post‐embedding method revealed immunolocalizatlon of lysozyme in these granules in all cases, similar to that in normal Paneth cells. Pre‐embedding method showed immunoreactivity diffusely or focally located in the cytoplasm, but this approach was unable to reveal immunoreactivity in the granules, a feature also common to normal cells. Our study therefore confirmed that Paneth‐like carcinoma cells and normal Paneth cells had the same features, and indicated that undifferentiated‐type gastric carcinoma could possess specially differentiated cells, providing further support that such carcinoma could express multipotentiality. The difference in the results obtained by the two immunoelectron microscopy methods was discussed. ACTA PATHOL JPN 38: 861∼871, 1988.
A NEW HUMAN PLEOMORPHIC HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA CELL LINE, KYN‐2
Authors: Yano Hirohisa , Maruiwa Masafumi , Murakami Tatsuo , Fukuda Kazunori , Ito Yuji , Sugihara Shigetaka , Kojiro Masamichi
Published: December 2008

A new human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line, KYN‐2, has been established from a surgical specimen obtained from a 52‐year‐old Japanese male HCC patient. The originally resected HCC was classified as pleomorphic HCC corresponding to Edmondson‐Steiner's grade III with a thick trabecular to solid arrangement. The cell line has been maintained for 17 months through 35 passages. Morphologically, the KYN‐2 cells have retained the characteristics of the original HCC, being pleomorphic and composed of various types such as cells with relatively small, polygonal, eosinophilic cytoplasm and oval‐shaped nuclei with a marked tendency to pile up, flat cells with abundant clear cytoplasm and oval‐shaped nuclei, and many multinucleated giant cells, proliferating in a pavement‐like cell arrangement. Some junctional complexes and a number of microvilli are evident between the cells by electron microscopy. Functionally, these cells were found to secrete albumin, α,‐acid glycoprotein, α1‐antitrypsin, ceruloplasmin, transferrin, complement C, fibrinogen, fibronectin, prothrombin, retinol‐binding protein (serum type), α‐fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), ferritin and β2‐microglobulin in chemically defined medium (CDM). The secretion of AFP and CEA is apparently dependent upon culture medium and passage. The doubling time of cells growing in serum‐containing medium at the 14 th passage was 84 h, and those of cells in serum‐containing medium, HB101 (serum‐free medium) and CDM at late passage were 28,68, and 42 h, respectively. Chromosome analysis revealed that the chromosome number ranged from 56 to 69 without a mode, and the presence of marker chromosomes. HB virus DNA sequence was not detected by hybridization analysis. The tumorigenicity of KYN‐2 cells was identified by development of tumors in nude mice after subcutaneous injection of the cells; the tumors showed an appearance basically similar to that of the original HCC. Thus, these findings suggest that the KYN‐2 cell line is available as a new human HCC cell line and should be useful for various studies on HCC. ACTA PATHOL JPN 38: 953‐966, 1988.
EXPERIMENTAL ACTIVATION OF LATENT CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION OF THE CAPTIVE BRED (F1) CYNOMOLGUS MONKEYS BY LIVE OR KILLED VARICELLA‐ZOSTER VIRUS INOCULATED UNDER IMMUNOSUPPRESSION
Authors: Ohtaki Sachi , Hondo Ryo , Kodama Hideo , Kurata Takeshi
Published: December 2008

F1 cynomolgus monkeys bred in captivity and thought to be “SPF” had latent cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection although less frequently than in wild‐born monkeys. Latent CMV could be activated under severe immunosuppression by Inoculation with a certain strain of varicella‐zoster virus (VZV) as shown in a previous study.1 We carried out further experiments using live and formalin‐inactivated VZV in F1 monkeys which were sero‐positive for CMV, but not for any other viruses. The results showed that both live and inactivated VZV were equivalent in permitting activation of latent CMV, suggesting that the VZV inoculum merely played an immunogenic, but not any virological, role in this case. Captive F1 monkeys, however, carried fewer CMV, and/or resisted CMV reactivation more than the wild monkeys in the previous studies,1 judging from the time required for generalized CMV infection to become expressed. ACTA PATHOL JPN 38: 967∼978, 1988.
ONTOGENY OF HEPATIC FATTY ACID‐BINDING PROTEIN IMMUNOREACTIVITY IN HUMAN LIVER and INTESTINAL TRACT
Authors: Suzuki Toshimitsu , Ono Teruo
Published: December 2008

Liver and intestinal tissues of human fetuses at gestational ages between 6 and 30 weeks were immunostained with rabbit antibody against fatty acid‐binding protein (FABP) isolated from rat liver, since the antibody crossreacted with human FABP of the hepatic type. FABP‐immunoreactive hepatocytes were found in the liver as early as the 7th week of gestation, but not at the 6th week. The frequency of immunoreactive cells was about 80% throughout the gestational period examined. No immunoreactive cells other than hepatocytes were found in liver tissue. In the intestinal tract, ileal, colonic and vermiform appendicular FABP immunoreactivity was demonstrated at the 23rd week of gestation, and duodenal and jejunal immunoreactivity at the 26th week. Positive cells in the jejunum were very few at this stage, but numerous at the 30th week of gestation. The immunoreactive cells were primitive absorptive cells in intestinal villi, and no cryptic epithelial cells were positively immunostained. Thus, FABP immunoreactivity was considered to be a marker for hepatocytes at the early to late fetal stage, and for intestinal absorptive cells at mid‐ to late fetal stage. ACTA PATHOL JPN 38: 979∼987, 1988.
APPEARANCE OF MEMBRANOCYSTIC LESION (NASU)‐ LIKE CHANGES IN BEHÇET'S SYNDROME. An Electron Microscopic Study of Erythema Nodosum‐like Lesions
Authors: Honma Takayoshi , Bang Dongsik , Saito Taiichi , Nakagawa Shojiro , Ueki Hiroaki , Lee Sungnack
Published: December 2008

Membranocystic lesion (Nasu)‐like changes were seen in the subcutaneous fat tissues of erythema nodosum‐like lesions in three of 18 patients with Behcet's syndrome. The membranocystic structures, which were derived from degenerative fat cells with a loss of the cell membrane, were observed in the edematous connective tissues accompanied by fibrin deposition and diapedesis of erythrocytes. Electron microscopic evaluation revealed two different patterns of peculiar membranous structures in the cytoplasm of the degenerative fat cells. One was proliferating membrane structures such as well developed Golgi‐endoplasmic reticulum, and the other was minute tubular structures such as intracytoplasmic microvesicles. These degenerative fat cells are considered to be derived from abnormal fat cells which lack a cell membrane, but whose cellular and nuclear configurations appear to be normal morphologically, because the cytoplasm of these abnormal cells showed the same tubular structures as those seen in the characteristic architecture of membranocystic lesion‐like change. The relation between the appearance of such abnormal cells and the pathologic conditions of erythema nodosum‐like lesions in Behcet's syndrome was discussed. ACTA PATHOL JPN 38: 1001∼1010, 1988.
HAMARTOMATOUS SOLITARY POLYP WITH MALIGNANT PROGRESSION IN THE JEJUNUM. A Histochemical and Immunohistochemical Study by Light and Electron Microscopy
Authors: Aneiros J. , Matamala M. , Del Moral R. Garcia , Lopez J.J. , Aguilar D. , Camara M.
Published: December 2008

A case of solitary hamartomatous jejunal polyp with adenomatous and carcinomatous changes in a 16‐year‐old girl is reported. In the hamartomatous polyp, neutral and acid non‐sulfate mucosubstance was detected, principally in goblet cells; carcinoembryonic antigen was demonstrated on the surfaces of the microvilli and luminal border of the crypts and glands; absorptive columnar, goblet, argentaffin, argyrophil and Paneth cells were evident. The adenomatous and, mainly, the carcinomatous areas revealed a decreased amount of mucosubstance and a variable degree of positive intracytoplasmic staining for carcinoembryonic antigen. With electron microscopy, the adenomatous areas showed columnar absorptive cells and mucus‐secreting goblet cells; also immature columnar cells were observed in the dysplastic zones. To our knowledge, this is the first study to document the histochemical, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features of a hamartomatous polyp with neoplastic transformation. ACTA PATHOL JPN 38: 1031∼1040, 1988.
METACHROMATIC LEUKODYSTROPHY. Report of Siblings with the Juvenile Type of Metachromatic Leukodystrophy
Authors: Satoh Takashi , Suzuki Hidenori , Monma Nobuhiro , Satodate Ryoichi , Tanaka Hiroshi , Yajima And Hideo
Published: December 2008

Two sisters with juvenile metachromatic leukodystrophy are described. The patients were 17 and 20 years old. The younger sister died and an autopsy was perfomed. The elder sister keeps alive. A sural nerve biopsy of both cases revealed an accumulation of metachromatic lipid granules in the Schwann cells and macrophages. The autopsy also disclosed these granules especially in the brain, gallbladder, kidney and pancreas. A lipid analysis of the cerebral white matter showed sulfatide accumulation that was 1.5 times that of controls. Histochemically, the accumulated lipid was different in the brain from that in other organs. An electron microscopic examination of the accumulated metachromatic lipid granules showed various structures such as concentric lamellar, tuffstone, herringbone and hexagonal honeycomb appearances, and some ultrastructural differences between the nervous system and other organs. ACTA PATHOL JPN 38: 1041∼1051, 1988.
STUDIES ON HEPATIC HEMOPOIESIS INDUCED BY IMMUNIZATION WITH SYNGENEIC LIVER EXTRACTS IN MICE
Authors: Aizawa Kenichi , Iteya Iwao , Morikawa Yoshihiro , Kuribayashi Koichi , Saito Koji
Published: December 2008

After a 9‐week immunization period, all the livers in inbred C57BL/6 mice immunized with syngeneic crude liver protein (LSN) in Freund's complete adjuvant showed histological changes mainly in the portal areas. Morphological features and the subsequent in vitro and in vivo data suggested that the principal histological changes were due to extramedullary hemopoiesis and not to autoimmune hepatitis. This is the first description of extramedullary hemopoiesis in studies concerning experimental autoimmune hepatitis. The significance of our findings is, first, that the occurrence of hepatic hemopoiesis induced by the usual immunization method necessitates morphologically distinct evidence of inflammation to be a prerequisite in studies of experimental autoimmune hepatitis. Without this proof, subsequent investigations would be confusing. Second, immunization can be added to a variety of conditions to induce hepatic hemopoiesis. This would provide a convenient and interesting tool for application to further studies of hemopoiesis. ACTA PATHOL JPN 38: 1105∼1118, 1988.
DETECTION OF HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS DNA IN ANOGENITAL EXOPHYTIC LESIONS BY IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION TO PARAFFIN SECTIONS
Authors: Yun Kankatsu , Molenaar Adrian J. , Wilkins Richard J.
Published: December 2008

In situ hybridization was used to detect human papillomavirus (HPV) nucleic acids (type 6b, 11, 16,18,31, and 33) and immunohistochemistry was done to detect papillomavirus common antigen in paraffin sections of biopsy specimens. Two patients suffering from condyloma acuminatum contained HPV‐6b and HPV‐11. Both cases showed small foci of the antigen‐positive cells. One patient having condyloma acuminatum with dysplastic features contained a small quantity of HPV‐16 without any antigen‐positive cells. One case of verrucous carcinoma showed neither HPV‐DNA nor antigen. In situ hybridization is a powerful tool in the analysis of the pathogenesis of HPV‐associated neoplasms. ACTA PATHOL JPN 38: 1131∼1139, 1988.
IMMUNOELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDY OF THYROID MICROSOMAL ANTIGEN
Authors: Yokoyama Shigeo , Nakayama Iwao , Noguchi Shiro
Published: December 2008

Using human IgG F(ab′)2 prepared from pooled sera containing a high titer of thyroid microsomal antibody (TMAb), localization of thyroid microsomal antigen (TMAg) was studied electron microscopically in dissociated follicular cells obtained from 25 thyroids of patients with Basedow's disease. Twenty out of the 25 cases were positive for serum‐TMAb. In 18 of these cases, the reaction product for spontaneous membrane‐bound IgG was demonstrated only on the apical plasma membrane of a small number of follicular cells, but was not observed anywhere in 5 cases without serum‐TMAb. After masking the spontaneous membrane‐bound IgG with anti‐human IgG‐goat IgG Fab, deposits of the reaction product disappeared or were significantly decreased. After the masking, all cases incubated in the above‐mentioned TMAb‐positive IgG F(ab')2 showed an intense reaction product located linearly on the apical plasma membrane of a large number of follicular cells, but not on the lateral and basal plasma membrane and in the cytoplasm. On the other hand, after the masking, the control group incubated in human IgG F(ab')2 from a normal subject revealed the same result as that in the group with masked spontaneous membrane‐bound IgG. These findings indicate that TMAg is located only on the apical plasma membrane of follicular cells. ACTA PATHOL JPN 38 : 1141 ‐1148, 1988.
CHILDHOOD LYMPHOMA. A Clinicopathological and Immunohistological Study of 58 Cases
Authors: Mizugami Tenjun , Mikata Atsuo , Hajikano Hiroshi , Asanuma Katsumi
Published: December 2008

Fifty‐eight cases diagnosed as malignant lymphoma in patients younger than 15 years between 1976 and 1986 in the Kanto area were reviewed and reclassified as follow: 48 non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas, 9 Hodgkin's disease and one malignant histiocytosis. Lymphoblastic type consisted of 26 cases or 54.2%; large cell type, 11 cases or 22.9%; Burkitt's type, 7 cases or 14.5%; medium‐sized cell type and mixed cell type consisted of 4 cases. There was no follicular lymphoma case. A rare sclerosing mediastinal lymphoblastic lymphoma and diffuse large cell lymphomas with T‐zone involvement as well as primary epidural Burkitt's lymphomas were found. Immunohistochemical studies using paraffin sections were performed in 43 non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas and phenotypes of 37 cases were determined as follows; T cell origin in 24, B cell origin in 11 and non‐T non‐B in 2 cases. Of 25 lymphoblastic lymphomas, LCA was positive only in 11 cases. Reed‐Sternberg cells and their variants of Hodgkin's disease reacted with anti‐Leu Ml antibody in 3 of 8 examined but not with EMA antibody. This study revealed that the survival was related to sites of the primary lesion, regardless of histological type and immunologic phenotypes. ACTA PATHOL JPN 38: 1149∼1166, 1988.
IMMUNOELEGTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDY OF S‐100 β‐POSITIVE HUMAN T‐LYMPHOCYTES WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO DOUBLE IMMUNOSTAINING
Authors: Ohtsuki Yuji , Takahashi Kiyoshi , Sonobe Hiroshi , Iwata Jun , Hayashi Kazuhiko
Published: December 2008

S‐100 β‐positive T‐lymphocytes in human peripheral blood were shown to be definitely T‐cells containing the S‐100β subunit in their cytoplasm by double immunostaining using immunoferritin labeling for CD8 antigen and im‐munoperoxidase labeling for cytoplasmic S‐100 β subunit at the ultrastructural level. These results ultrastructurally confirmed the presence of double markers of S‐100 β‐positive T‐lymphocytes seen by light microscopic double immunostaining. Furthermore, this double immunostaining method for electron microscopy is applicable to other kinds of cells for the simultaneous detection of two different antigens present both on the cell surface and in the cytoplasm. ACTA PATHOL JPN 38: 1167∼1173, 1988.
DETERIORATION OF B CELL PROLIFERATION CORRELATES WITH DENDRITIC RETICULUM CELL DESTRUCTION IN GERMINAL CENTERS OF AN AIDS PATIENT. Case Study
Authors: Mori Shigeo , Ezaki Yukiyoshi , Mori Mayumi , Takahashi Muneharu , Teshima Mari , Sagawa Kimitaka
Published: December 2008

A lymph node from a bisexual Caucasian male infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and in the persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL) stage was studied. Dendritic reticulum cells (DRCs) were well preserved in over half of the germinal centers (GCs), while in the rest, they showed marked destruction, producing patchy or rather wide DRC‐depleted areas. Proliferation‐associated antigens, i.e., PC antigen and DNA‐polymerase a, were demonstrated in nuclei of germinal center B cells in areas where the DRC network was intact, while they were prominently depleted in areas where the DRC network was lost. The p‐24 viral core antigen was shown to be localized in DRCs, especially those in the process of degeneration. These results suggest that the DRC in this patient, when infected with HIV, were destroyed, and that the resulting DRC depletion led to the suppression of B cell proliferation in GCs. ACTA PATHOL JPN 38: 1205∼1214, 1988.
MALIGNANT PLEOMORPHIC ADENOMA (MALIGNANT MIXED TUMOR) OF THE TRACHEA. Report of a Case
Authors: Hemmi Akihiro , Hiraoka Hitoshi , Mori Yoshiomi , Wataya Tomiyuki , Sato Hideaki , Jinnai Mutsuo , Yamaguchi Hiromi , Arai Yoshimi
Published: December 2008

Malignant pleomorphic adenoma arising in the trachea has not been reported in the literature. We report here a case of malignant pleomorphic adenoma (malignant mixed tumor) occurring in the trachea of a 65‐year‐old woman. The tumor metastasized to the lung and the chest wall 11 years after complete resection of the primary tumor, which was a polypoid submucosal tumor, 1.3 cm in diameter. Light microscopic examination of the primary and metastatic tumors showed the presence of epithelial and stromal elements, consisting of grandular structures, foci of squamous metaplasia and a myxochondroid stroma. Many tumor cells showed myoepithelial cell features by electron microscopy, and immunoreactivity for S‐100 protein and GFAP was also seen in many of them. These findings were consistent with those of pleomorphic adenoma. However, the epithelial elements were cytologically atypical with prominent mitotic figures. Infiltration of the tumor cells into the surrounding soft tissue was also seen. No foci of benign pleomorphic adenoma were found in the primary tumor. These findings indicate that this tumor was not a carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma, but a true malignant pleomorphic adenoma (true malignant mixed tumor) of the trachea. ACTA PATHOL JPN 38: 1215∼1226, 1988.
POSTOPERATIVE STARCH GRANULOMA REVEALED AS FEMORAL HERNIATION. A Case Report
Authors: Ohtsuki Yuji , Sonobe Hiroshi , Takahashi Kiyoshi , Hayashi Kazuhiko , Iwata Jun , Ohmori Katsusuke , Sanada Eiji , Kitamoto Makoto
Published: December 2008

A rare case of postoperative starch granuloma in a 55‐year‐old woman, revealed as femoral herniation, is reported. A small, finger‐tip‐sized tumor showing femoral herniation was noticed 3 weeks after cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis, and no content in the hernia sac was noticed. Histologically, the granuloma situated in the wall of the hernia sac was diagnosed as a starch granuloma consisting of starch granules, which were clearly revealed by polarized light microscopy. These granules were detected in the cytoplasm of macrophages including multinucleated types, some showing a positive immune reaction with antibodies to the a‐subunit of S‐100 protein, vimentin and lysozyme. Starch granules from surgical gloves showed identical features by polarized light microscopy, thus proving the histogenesis of this granuloma. This is the first reported case in the Japanese literature of starch granuloma manifested as femoral herniation. ACTA PATHOL JPN 38: 1235∼1240, 1988.
A Study on Graft‐versus‐Host Reaction (GVHR) by Simonsen's Splenomegaly Assay Cells and Antigen Systems Involved in Induction of GVHR
Authors: Onoé Kazunori , Iwabuchi Kazuya , Katsume Chikako , Gotohda Toshihiko , Arase Akira , Hatakeyama Shigetsugu , Mishima Machiko , Good Robert A. , Ogasawara Kazumasa
Published: December 2008

Cells and histocompatibility antigen systems involved in graft‐versus‐host reactions (GVHR) were analyzed using Simonsen's splenomegaly assay employing various combinations of donor and F1 hybrid recipients mice. Most of the cells proliferating in spleens of mice undergoing GVHR were J11d+, and had histological features of cells of the hematopoietic lineage. The proportions of CD3+ T cells were decreased in the spleens. Disparity at minor histocompatibility determinants of AKR, I‐E and H‐2D regions between B10.A(4R) donors and (4R × AKR) F1 recipients evoked only negligible GVHR. On the contrary, disparity at H‐2K and/or I‐A regions appeared to be sufficient to permit induction of full GVHR. When surface markers of donor spleen cells were analyzed, it was shown that Thy‐1+ and/or MEL‐14+ cells caused a strong effect on GVHR. Further, either CD4+ or CD8+ T cell subset could induce significant GVHR. However, synergistic influences of these two T cell subsets on one another in GVHR were observed. The present results raise the possibility of using Simonsen's assay along with a number of reagents to identify the contribution of subsets of T lymphocytes and in analyzing precise contributions of cellular components from both donor and recipient, and also of the target antigen systems of the recipient that contribute to early events involved in GVHR.
Endocardium of the Left Ventricle in Volume‐loaded Canine Heart
Authors: Masuda Hirotake , Kawamura Koichi , Tohda Kohei , Shozawa Takeshi , Sageshima Masato , Honma Makiko
Published: December 2008

To investigate the effects of volume loading of the heart, the endocardium was studied histologically and ultrastructurally. Thirteen adult female beagle dogs were used. An arterio venous shunt was constructed between the right common carotid artery and the right external jugular vein in nine animals to induce a volume load. Four animals were used as controls. All were kept for 6–12 months. Heart weight, relative heart weight (heart weight/body weight), cardiac output index, stroke volume index and volumes of both ventricles in the experimental animals were significantly larger than in the controls. Shunted blood volume was significantly correlated with heart weight. The endocardium of the left ventricle in the experimental animals showed elastofibrosis and was significantly thicker than in the controls. In 5 hearts, it was more than 20 μm thick and its endothelial cells showed many long microvilli with a very thick basement membrane (1.5–2.0 μm). The thickness of the endocardium was significantly correlated with the heart weight, relative heart weight and cardiac output index, within 1% 5% and 5% risk, respectively. These endocardial changes were thought to be induced by hemodynamic changes in the left ventricle of the volume‐loaded heart, probably being correlated with changes in cardiac function and morphology.
Spinal Pencil‐shaped Softening: Report of an Autopsy Case Studied Using a Three‐dimensional Model
Authors: Kume Akito , Takahashi Akira , Hashizume Yoshio
Published: December 2008

The pathologic features of a case of spinal pencil‐shaped softening (PS) were studied by detailed step‐sectioning and reconstruction using a three‐dimensional (3D) model. The spinal cord was obtained at autopsy from a patient who had developed paraplegia due to extradural involvement of lung cancer. Above and below the area of transverse necrosis were PSs containing necrotic debris. They compressed the surrounding tissue and extended longitudinally over several segments. The PS was continuous with the area of transverse necrosis. These findings support the hypothesis that PS is formed by penetration of necrotic debris. The 3D model revealed that the PS was cylindrical to spindle‐shaped. It showed a remarkable change in width along its course, with an unusual expanding shape. The PS was mainly located in the ventral part of the posterior column but was also observed in other locations in the segment near the transverse necrosis. Detailed stepsectioning showed that the PS changed in width mainly in response to intrapial pressure, and that it occurred where the parenchymal tissue was fragile. The expansion produced by penetration of necrotic debris may thus play an important role in the morphogenesis of this unusual lesion. Furthermore, the condition of the surrounding tissue may also be an important factor influencing the width and location of PS.
Duodenal Carcinoid (Somatostatinoma) Cornbined with Von Recklinghausen's Disease: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Ohtsuki Yuji , Sonobe Hiroshi , Mizobuchi Toshio , Takahashi Kiyoshi , Hayashi Kazuhiko , Iwata Jun , Tahara Eiichi
Published: December 2008

We report the immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features of a case of duodenal carcinoid (somatostatinoma) combined with cutaneous type von Recklinghausen's disease in a 65‐year‐old woman. The duodenal tumor located at the 2nd portion was composed of tumor cells arranged in a trabecular, glandular or nest‐like pattern, occasionally associated with eosinophilic globules in the glandular structures. The tumor cells mostly showed strong immuno‐reactivity with anti somatostatin antibody. Electron microscopy revealed that every tumor cell contained intracytoplasmic granules with electron‐dense cores, 100–300 nm in size, in varying numbers, and intracytoplasmic lumina were rarely detected. The present case including identical cases reported so far suggest that the disease entity is likely to be a combination of duodenal somatostatinoma and von Recklinghausen's disease and/or phaeochromocytoma. This is the tenth case of duodenal carcinoid associated with von Recklinghausen's disease and/or phaeochromocytoma in the world literature and the third case reported as duodenal somatostatinoma.
Combined Choriocarcinoma and Adenocarcinoma of the Lung
Authors: Adachi Hironobu , Aki Toshiaki , Yoshida Haruhiko , Yumoto Tokichi , Wakahara Hideo
Published: December 2008

Combined choriocarcinoma and adenocarcinoma in the lung of a 71‐year‐old Japanese male is reported. In the upper lobe of the right lung (S1+ 2), a choriocarcinoma coexisted with an adenocarcinoma, but distinct metastatic lesions were noticed separately in the lungs, kidney, bone marrow and lymph nodes. Although immunohistochemical examination revealed intensely positive reactivity with anti‐human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) in trophoblastic cells, weak immunoreactivities were also observed in a few cells with anti‐human placental lactogen (HPL), anti‐pregnancy specific β glycoprotein (SPI), anti‐epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), anti‐carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), anti cytokeratin (keratin) and KM‐93 (lung adenocarcinoma‐associated antibody). In the adenocarcinoma, the tumor cells were positively stained for CEA, EMA, keratin and KM‐93, but there were no positive reactivities for HCG, HPL and SPI. These findings suggest that primary choriocarcinoma of the lung may arise through dedifferentiation of adenocarcinoma.
Comparative Study of Urinary Bladder Carcinomas in Japanese and Egyptians
Authors: Fukushima Shoji , Asamoto Makoto , Lmaida Katsumi , El‐Bolkainy Mohamed N. , Tawfik Hassan N. , Ito Nobuyuki
Published: December 2008

One hundred six Japanese and 169 Egyptian cases of urinary bladder carcinoma treated by total cystectomy were analyzed histopathologically. Urinary bladder carcinomas in Egypt were encountered at an earlier age than those in Japan. The proportion of carcinomas in Egyptian males was higher than in Japanese males. Squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) predominated in Egyptian cases whereas transitional cell carcinomas predominated in Japanese cases. The pathological stage of Egyptian cancers was more advanced than in Japanese cases; even grade 1 SCCs showed invasion into the muscular layer. Most carcinomas in Egypt were associated with Schistosoma haematobium infections. Acta Pathol. Jpn. 32: 176∼179, 1989.
Epithelioid Malignant Schwannoma
Authors: Honma Keiichi , Watanabe Hisashi , Ohnishi Yoshihisa , Tachikawa Shinzo , Tachikawa Kohtaro
Published: December 2008

A case of epithelioid malignant schwannoma (EMS) is reported. The tumor arose in the left radial nerve at the axillary fossa of a 65‐year old male. A few months after resection of the primary axillary tumor, several intrapulmonary metastases appeared. Microscopically, the primary tumor showed highly cellular areas of polygonal or rounded cells, resembling lymphoma or melanoma, while the metastatic tumors revealed cord formation or rows, resembling carcinoma. Immunohistochemical studies showed that some of these tumor cells contained S‐100 protein. Ultrastructurally, these tumor cells revealed delicate cytoplasmic projections, which contained bundles of microfilaments. However, the tumor cells did not have melanosomes. Varying amounts of basal lamina material surrounded the tumor cells. From the above features, we obtained a correct diagnosis of EMS. Acta Pathol. Jpn. 32: 195∼202, 1989.
An Unusual Case Involving the Spleen and Lymph Nodes
Authors: Kubosawa Hitoshi , Konno Akio , Komatsu Teisuke , Ishige Hideo , Kondo Yoichiro
Published: December 2008

A case of peliosis hepatis in a 52‐year old woman with unusual involvement of the spleen and lymph nodes is described. The initial sign was intraperitoneal hemorrhage from the splenic lesion, recessitating splenectomy. The hepatic lesion, which was first noticed during the operation, rapidly progressed and eventually resulted in hepatic rupture with fatal intraperitoneal hemorrhage. Serial sections treated by silver impregnation revealed degeneration and dissolution of the fine reticulin framework in the involved organs, suggesting the possible morphogenesis of the peliotic lesion. The patient had no history of any underlying disorders or of medication with steroids. Acta Pathol. Jpn. 32: 212∼215, 1989.
Increased Amount of Serum Type IV Colagen Peptide n Human Liver Fibrosis as Determined by Enzyme‐Immunoassay with MonoclonaI Antibodies
Authors: Matsumoto Eisaku , Muragaki Yasuteru , Ooshima Akira
Published: December 2008

Chronic liver injury by various toxic agents causes an increase in collagen biosynthetic activity, resulting in deposition of excessive amounts of collagen and rearrangement of the lobular architecture leading to hepatocellular dysfunction and portal hypertension. The authors have developed sandwich enzyme immunoassay for human serum type IV collagen peptide using monoclonal antibody as a marker of fibrogenesis and examined the relationship between the amount of this collagen peptide and hepatic disorders including chronic active hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. Sera from patients with chronic active hepatitis or liver cirrhosis were used after confirmation of the his‐topathological diagnosis. Control sera were obtained from healthy subjects without any serological abnormality in liver function tests. Serum type IV collagen peptide levels were significantly higher in patients with chronic hepatic disorders associated with fibrosis than in healthy subjects. This non‐invasive enzyme immunoassay gave reproducible quantitation, and serum type IV collagen peptide was concluded to be a useful, and reproducible marker for the early detection of fibrogenesis in the liver. Acta Pathol Jpn 39: 217–223. 1989.
Atherosclerosis and Macrophages
Authors: Watanabe Teruo , Tokunaga Osamu , Fan Jianglin , Shimokama Tatsuro
Published: December 2008

Atherosclerosis is undoubtedly a disease of many facets and in this review we have merely touched one angle of this issue. The best‐established cause of the disease is hyper‐cholesterolemia. Since the important role of macrophages in lipoprotein metabolism has been confirmed, current interest is focused on the role of macrophages in atherosclerosis. The origin and tissue distribution of foam cells have been discussed in detail, because they are the principal cells in the earliest lesions, the so‐called fatty streaks. Once thought to be derived exclusively from smooth muscle cells, foam cells are now known to originate largely from monocytes that enter the intima and become transformed into macrophages. Exactly how monocytes are recruited and retained in the artery wall is not fully understood, but it is certain that the initial event involves adhesion to the endothelial surface followed by penetration under the influence of a chemotactic factor(s). Hypercholesterolemia contributes much to this phenomenon by affecting both monocyte macrophages and endothelial cells. Intensive current research is increasing our understanding of the dynamic interaction between macrophages and both lipoproteins and vascular cells, and its immediate relevance to lesion formation. Closer scrutiny of the biology and molecular mechanism of the process of atherosclerosis may ultimately permit intervention in and slowing of the progress of this catastrophic human disease using new modalities. Acta Pathol. Jpn. 39: 473∼486, 1989.
A Sequential Ultrastructural and Histoautoradiographic Study of Early Neoplastic Lesions in Ethylnitrosouyea‐induced Rat Glioma
Authors: Ikeda Takayoshi , Mashimoto Hideo , Iwasaki Keisuke , Shimokawa Isao , Matsuo Takeshi
Published: December 2008

A sequential study of the early stage of development of ethylnitrosourea (ENU) induced glioma in the rat was performed by electron microscopy and [3H]thymidine histoautoradiography. Hyperplasia, the earliest neoplastic change that was detectable morphologically, consisted of a few or several immature oligodendroglia like cells which were connected with one another or with preexisting neural tissue by junctional apparatus, and showed no reactive changes in the astrocytes or microglia. The labelling index of hyperplastic cells was 2.6%. Foci of early neoplastic proliferation (ENP) showed mild destructive changes in the neighboring neural tissue, and their major constituent cells had characteristics of immature oligodendroglias. The labelling index of cells showing ENP was 3.3%. The intercellular spaces exhibited slight enlargement with accumulation of extracellular matrix and a decrease in the number of junctional apparatus on the neoplastic cells. Microtumors showed apparent destruction of the preexisting neural tissue to form a tumor mass with an increase in the extracellular matrix. Constituent cells of the microtumors were similar to those of the ENP, although reactive astrocytes and microglias occurred more frequently. The labelling index was 9.6% in the central area of microtumors and 5.3% in the peripheral area. These findings suggest that in the initial or very early stages of glial cell neoplastic proliferation, it is necessary for the neoplastic cells to maintain contact with the neurons for metabolic purposes, and that after losing contact, these cells can proliferate autonomously with the accumulation of extracellular matrix.
A Unique Verrucous Anogenital Tumor Associated with Type 6b‐related Human Papillomavirus
Authors: Nakajima Takashi , Yutsudo Masuo , Ikekawa Syuichi , Hayasaka Kenichi , Ishihara Kazuyuki , Gotoh Masahiro , Shimosato Yukio , Tsunokawa Youko , Terada Masaaki
Published: December 2008

Multilpe dark brown papillomatous tumors, showing some histological features of verrucous carcinoma or giant condyloma, developed mainly in the anogenital region of a Japanese woman. The tumors first appeared when she was 51 years old and annoyed her for over 20 years with several recurrences without any frank malignant trasformation, after surgery. Immunohistochemically, papillomavirus genus‐specific antigen was demonstrated only in small foci of the lesions resected at first operation. Southern blot analysis revealed human papillomavirus type 6b‐related DNA in a surgically resected specimen. The possible role of the human papillomavirus in the genesis of this unique tumor is discussed. Acta Pathol. Jpn. 39: 528∼532, 1989.
Peripheral T‐cell Lymphomas Immunologic and Enzyme Histochemical Analysis of 15 Cases
Authors: Yoshida Haruhiko , Yumoto Tokichi , Hamada Yoichiro , Aki Toshiyuki , Nakai Kazuhito , Ueki Juichi
Published: December 2008

Ffteen cases of peripheral T cell lymphoma were studied to evaluate the respective properties of various histologic types using enzyme histochemical and ultrastructural examinations in addition to immunological methods. Eleven cases in an ATLA negative group manifested various histologic patterns such as IBL like, pleomorphic and Lennert's lymphomas in comparison with the relatively monomorphic proliferation of neoplastic lymphoid cells in the 4 ATLA positive cases. The presence of neoplastic clear cells is characteristic of peripheral T‐cell malignancies, and is likely to be found in CD4 lymphomas. There is an occasional reaction of epithelioid histiocytes and plasma cells with eosinophils, the former being designated Lennert's lymphoma and the latter IBL like T‐cell lymphoma. Immunological examination revealed four immunophenotypic patterns: (1) CD2+3+4+8+, (2) CD2+ 3−4+8−, (3) CD2+3+4−8+, and (4) CD2+3+4+8+, but did not provide information concerning the intimate relationship between histologic types and immuno phenotyes. β‐Glucuronidase reactivity, however, contributed to the distinction between helper and suppressor T cell malignancies, suggesting its usefulness for distinguishing these two cell types and their malignant counterparts.
Immunohistochemical and Immunoblot Analyses of ras‐p21 Expression in Lung Carcinomas
Authors: Koshiishi Yoshihiko , Noguchi Masayuki , Nakajima Takashi , Hirohashi Setsuo , Shimosato Yukio , Hayata Yoshihiro
Published: December 2008

Immunohistochemical and immunoblot analyses were performed on 49 cases of surgically resected primary lung carcinoma to examine the expression of ras oncogene product using monoclonal antibodies to ras‐p21. Two different monoclonal antibodies, NCC RAS 001 and RAP 5 were used for immunohistochemical study. Cancer cells of 16 cases (33%) and 15 cases (31%) were strongly positive for NCC RAS 001 and RAP 5, respectively. The staining pattern of antibodies was heterogenous among cancer cells, even in the same case. Among various histologic type of lung cancers, squamous cell carcinomas and well‐differentiated adenocarcinomas had a tendency to react more intensively than other histologic types of carcinoma. Immunoblot analysis using monoclonal antibody NCC RAS 004 revealed the presence of ras p21 not only in cancer tissues bus also in non‐cancerous tissues in all cases analysed. In 13 cases (27%), cancer tissue expressed more than twise as much ras p21 as non cancerous tissues. Our study showed that the over expression of ras‐p21 in lung carcinomas compared with non cancerous tissues was a relatively common phenomenon, especially in squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas. Acta Pathol Jpn 39: 643 647, 1989.
The Pathogenesis of Graft‐versus‐Host Reaction in the Intrahepatic Bile Duct
Authors: Tanaka Mitsugu , Umihara Junko , Shimmoto Kazue , Cui Shunjin , Sata Hitoshi , Ishikawa Tomohisa , Ishikawa Eisei
Published: December 2008

Although intrahepatic bile duct injury following bone marrow transplantation is considered to be one feature of graft versus host disease, its developmental mechanism has not been clarified. In order to elucidate this aspect, an immunohistochemical study of the liver following human allogeneic bone marrow transplantation was made. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (Tc) and natural killer cells (NK) were found in contact with intrahepatic bile duct epithelial cells showing degeneration and necrotic changes. These findings suggested a cytotoxic effect of these cells on bile duct epithelial cells. Abnormal expression of HLA class II (DR) antigen was recognized in intrahepatic bile duct epithelial cells following bone marrow transplantation. Cell injury was prominent in cells with weak DR antigen expression, whereas the cells demonstrating conspicuous expression appeared almost normal. There results suggest that abnormal expression of DR antigen plays an important role in the development of GVHD of the intrahepatic bile duct. Acta Pathol Jpn 39: 648 655, 1989.
Multicentric Astrocytomas of the Optic Chiasm, Brain Stem and Spinal Cord
Authors: Matsumoto Toshiharu , Uekusa Toshimasa , Abe Hiroshi , Fukuda Yoshiro , Mizutani Yoshihiko , Oikawa Shironobu , Doi Kazusuke , Imai Hisamasa , Sato Takeshi
Published: December 2008

Autopsy was performed on a 52 year old man with a 20‐year history of neurological symptoms. At autopsy, both a brain stem tumor and a spinal cord tumor were found. These showed the features of pilocytic astrocytoma histologically. A pilocytic astrocytoma was also found in the optic chiasm upon microscopical examination. These three tumors were thought to be multicentric astrocytomas, because there was no continuity among them and no evidence of dissemination or metastasis by any pathway. From a review of the literature, the present case is considered to be an exceedingly rare one because of the multicentric sites of occurrence. Acta Pathol Jpn 39: 664 669, 1989.
Blastic Transformation of Essential Thrombocythemia
Authors: Honma Keiichi , Nemoto Keiichi , Ohnishi Yoshihisa , Kimura Kakuhei
Published: December 2008

A case of blastic transformation of essential thrombocythemia (ET) is reported. A 69 year old male was first admitted to hospital because of fever in February, 1982. He was diagnosed as having ET because of marked thrombocytosis (205.5 ± 1010/1), absence of erythrocytosis, absence of splenomegaly, normal karyotype and no increment of blasts in the bone marrow, and normal levels of neutrophil alkaline phosphatase, vitamin B12 and folate. He was treated with busulfan, and subsequently his platelet count was well controlled for about five years. At the second admission, blasts were present in the peripheral blood, and later accounted for 49% of the total leukocyte count. Histological examination of a bone biopsy specimen showed homogeneous proliferation of blastic cells and slight reticulin fibrosis. At autopsy, the degree of bone marrow fibrosis had increased. This was considered to be a very rare case of ET with blastic transformation in the terminal phase. Acta Pathol Jpn 39: 670‐676, 1989.