bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Chosen Random Value Attack on WPA3 SAE Authentication Protocol
Authors: Sun Sheng
Published: June 2021

Simultaneous Authentication of Equals (SAE) is a password-authenticated key exchange protocol that is designed to replace the WPA2-PSK-based authentication. The SAE authenticated key exchange protocol supports the peer-to-peer authentication and is one of the major authentication mechanisms of the Authentication and Key Management Suite specified within Wi-Fi. The SAE authenticated key exchange protocol has been widely implemented in today’s Wi-Fi devices as part of major security feature upgrades and is regarded as the third generation of Wi-Fi Protected Access. This article presents a way of attacking the weaker randomness generation algorithm within the SAE protocols, which can lead to successful impersonation types of attacks. We also suggest some protocol amendments for protection. It is recommended that SAE implementations should be upgraded to ensure protection against these attacks.
Cardiomyocyte-specific Txnip C247S mutation improves left ventricular functional reserve in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice
Authors: Mukai Nobuhiro , Nakayama Yoshinobu , Abdali Syed Amir , Yoshioka Jun
Published: June 2021

Thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip) has been of great interest as a molecular mechanism to mediate diabetic organ damage. Here, we provide novel evidence that a single mutation of Txnip confers a defense mechanism against myocardial oxidative stress in streptoxotocin-induced diabetic mice. The results demonstrate the importance of Txnip as a cysteine-containing redox protein that regulates antioxidant thioredoxin via disulfide bond-switching mechanism, and identify the cysteine in Txnip as a therapeutic target for diabetic cardiomyopathy.
Prophylactic Norepinephrine Infusion Reduces Postoperative Complications and Hospitalization Time in Elderly Patients Undergoing Posterior Lumbar Spinal Fusion
Authors: Liang Tao , Yu Jianshe , Li Libiao , Xie Yaying , Wu Fan
Published: June 2021

This single‐center prospective randomized controlled trial explores the effect of prophylactic norepinephrine infusion on the incidence of complications and hospitalization time in elderly patients (60‐85 years old) undergoing posterior lumbar spinal fusion. In total, 129 elderly patients were randomized into two groups: a group that received norepinephrine during general anesthesia and a control group not receiving norepinephrine. The primary outcomes were in‐hospital complications and 90‐day postoperative complications and hospitalization time. The results show that in‐hospital complications occurred in 24 of 60 patients (40%) in the control group versus 11 of 60 patients (18.3%) in the norepinephrine group (RR, 2.182; 95% CI, 1.177–4.045; P = 0.015). Cardiac events occurred significantly more frequently in the control than in the norepinephrine group. Total number of patients experiencing complications within 90 days postoperatively was lower in the norepinephrine (11 of 60; 18.3%) than in the control group (26 of 60; 43.3%; RR, 2.364; 95% CI, 1.288–4.339; P = 0.005). The median length of hospital stay was 17 days (11–27) in the control group and 15 days (10– 23) in the norepinephrine group (P = 0.01). The secondary outcomes were serum levels of syndecan‐1, hyaluronic acid, heparan sulfate, and brain natriuretic peptide. Logistic regression analysis is used to describe the relationship between selected independent variables and in‐hospital complications. Intraoperative total fluid, crystalloid, and colloid volumes were significantly higher in the control than in the norepinephrine group. The patients in the norepinephrine group had a higher MAP but a lower heart rate than those in the control group after the induction of anesthesia and intraoperatively. Syndecan‐1, hyaluronic acid, and heparan sulfate serum levels showed a different course in the two groups. In conclusion, prophylactic norepinephrine infusion during posterior lumbar spinal fusion is preferable for elderly patients undergoing lumbar spinal fusion under general anesthesia. It can reduce postoperative complications and hospitalization time by reducing the injury to the vascular endothelium. This trial is registered with Clinical Trial Registration http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=33660, identifier ChiCTR-1900021309.
Intelligent Recognition of Hospital Image Based on Deep Learning: The Relationship between Adaptive Behavior and Family Function in Children with ADHD
Authors: Zhao Hongyi , Chen Jiangyu , Lin Yiqi
Published: June 2021

Chronic diseases are gradually becoming the main threat to human health. By designing an efficient hospital management platform to quickly identify the corresponding chronic diseases, it can effectively reduce the labor cost, improve the accuracy of disease identification, and improve treatment efficiency. ADHD is a common behavioral disorder in school-age children, and it is also one of the most common chronic health problems in this period. The internationally recognized prevalence of ADHD is 3%–9%. ADHD often brings adverse effects on children’s life and studying and at the same time increases difficulties for their families. Therefore, this paper designs an intelligent management platform for public hospitals based on a deep learning algorithm, evaluates the current situation and influencing factors of ADHD children through the child adaptive behavior scale and the family function assessment scale, and designs its intelligent platform by using a new technology of fNIRS. According to the nonlinearity and unsteadiness of the fNIRS signal, this paper proposes a motion noise removal method based on EMD algorithm methods: to automatically identify children with ADHD and improve the cognitive function of children with ADHD by intervention technology. The data are from the outpatients of the Department of Child Psychology of the First People’s Hospital of Tianshui City in Gansu Province in 2018. The results showed that there were significant differences in the adaptive behavior scale (CABS) and fad scores between the two groups. In the seven dimensions of family function, there were significant differences between the two groups (

P
<
0.01

). fNIRS management platform can effectively identify ADHD patients with high recognition accuracy. The intelligent management platform can significantly reduce the number of physical examination personnel, prolong the diagnosis and treatment time, reduce a lot of repetitive work, and improve the efficiency of diagnosis and treatment. At the same time, this technology also provides great help for better research and improvement of ADHD patients and provides a reference for the information intelligent construction of modern hospitals.
Development of Wind Power Prediction Models for Pawan Danavi Wind Farm in Sri Lanka
Authors: Ekanayake Piyal , Peiris Amila T. , Jayasinghe J. M. Jeevani W. , Rathnayake Upaka
Published: June 2021

This paper presents the development of wind power prediction models for a wind farm in Sri Lanka using an artificial neural network (ANN), multiple linear regression (MLR), and power regression (PR) techniques. Power generation data over five years since 2015 were used as the dependent variable in modeling, while the corresponding wind speed and ambient temperature values were used as independent variables. Variation of these three variables over time was analyzed to identify monthly, seasonal, and annual patterns. The monthly patterns are coherent with the seasonal monsoon winds exhibiting little annual variation, in the absence of extreme meteorological changes during the period of 2015–2020. The correlation within each pair of variables was also examined by applying statistical techniques, which are presented in terms of Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlation coefficients. The impact of unit increase (or decrease) in the wind speed and ambient temperature around their mean values on the output power was also quantified. Finally, the accuracy of each model was evaluated by means of the correlation coefficient, root mean squared error (RMSE), bias, and the Nash number. All the models demonstrated acceptable accuracy with correlation coefficient and Nash number closer to 1, very low RMSE, and bias closer to 0. Although the ANN-based model is the most accurate due to advanced features in machine learning, it does not express the generated power output in terms of the independent variables. In contrast, the regression-based statistical models of MLR and PR are advantageous, providing an insight into modeling the power generated by the other wind farms in the same region, which are influenced by similar climate conditions.
Ecological and Edaphic Drivers of Yam Production in West Africa
Authors: Neina Dora
Published: June 2021

Yam is an important food and cash crop in West Africa (the yam belt) whose production is traditionally nonsedentary due to its substantial nutrient demand. Population growth, urbanization, and existing soil degradation have made nonsedentary farming virtually impossible. Despite the numerous research invested in yam production within and outside the yam belt, some gaps remain to be filled owing to changing climate events and global developments. Alarmingly, the yam belt is facing sharp yield declines despite increasing production areas. The key edaphic and ecological drivers of yam production in the global yam belt were reviewed. The implications for yam production were discussed along with prospects for future research, sustainable production, and soil management. The main findings are that (1) agroecological zone, postplanting cultural practices, and climate change and variability ecological drivers, while (2) tillage, soil type, texture, and fertility were the edaphic factors. The most critical among the drivers, principally, soil fertility, entails the biological and chemical through which nutrients are released lude, and physical soil fertility which enhances low bulk density, porosity, and water retention for free yam tuber expansion. Soil fertility was the most cited driver, which explains why yam is often the first crop in the cropland cultivation cycle in the yam belt. Data show that yam yields decline with time under native fertility and mineral fertilizer application due to the voracious nutrient extraction by tubers. Conversely, yields increase chronologically under organic fertilizer application due to the additive effects of the latter on soil properties. Thus, a yam fertilizer program to develop specific yam fertilizer formulations and the adoption of the Terra Preta Model are proposed to sustain future yam production.
Acute Hepatitis A Causing Severe Hemolysis and Renal Failure in Undiagnosed Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficient Patient: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Abutineh Iman , Kreitman Kyle , Kothadia Jiten P. , Ali Bilal , Jain Richa , Clark Ian , Maliakkal Benedict J. , Nair Satheesh P.
Published: June 2021

Infection with hepatitis A virus is usually a self-limited illness that rarely results in fulminant liver failure. Severe hemolysis is an uncommon complication but has been reported in patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. Here, we report a case with undiagnosed G6PD deficiency who presented with hyperbilirubinemia, severe hemolysis, and acute renal failure precipitated by acute hepatitis A infection.
The Incidence of Mental Disorders Increases over Time in Patients with Cancer Pain: Data from a Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Brinkers Michael , Pfau Giselher , Toepffer Anne-Marie , Meyer Frank , Kretzschmar Moritz A.
Published: June 2021

Background. It is well known that cancer patients more seldom have a psychiatric disorder than noncancer patients with chronic pain. Conversely, earlier studies have suggested that, at the psychiatric level, long-term cancer survivors (LCSs) have more in common with noncancer patients affected by chronic pain. Materials and Methods. We investigated 89 cancer patients with acute pain (Acute Cancer Pain Patients, ACPPs) treated at a university outpatient chemotherapy department and compared these with 61 LCSs (living >5 yr after the first diagnosis) admitted by general practitioners for the treatment of noncancer pain. Upon administration, each patient was psychiatrically assessed by a liaison-psychiatrist conducting a semistructured interview. In a second step, we compared the LCS patients with hitherto treated noncancer patients suffering from chronic pain and ACPPs with data published by Derogatis in 1983. Results. In a comparison of LCSs with ACPPs, LCSs have more patients with brain organic disorders and more addictions. The largest cancer group within the LCSs is patients with urogenital (Uro) cancer (44.3%), while within the ACPPs, these are patients with cancer of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract (ACPP-GI, 57.2%). As far as the distribution of mental disorders is concerned, long-term cancer survivors show some similarities to noncancer patients. The data of ACPPs are similar to those of cancer patients, published by Derogatis. Discussion. The higher values of addiction and brain organic disorders, in particular, and the slight differences for psychic disorders in general of LCSs vs. ACPPs may result from the different cancer types and a longer survival time for urogenital tract cancer compared to GI cancer. In an additional examination, we compared patients with acute cancer of the GI tract (ACPP-GI, n = 50) with those of the urogenital tract (ACPP-Uro, n = 43). ACPP-Uro had the lowest percentage of patients with psychiatric disorders in general (ACPP-Uro 37.2%, ACPP-GI 50.0%, all LCSs 65.6%, and LCS-Uro 74.1%) and addiction, in particular (ACPP-Uro 2.3%, ACPP-GI 4.0%, and LCSs 13.1%). Conclusion. Cancer patients can develop a process of chronification with an increase in the prevalence of mental disorders. For urogenital cancer, an increase in the probability to develop mental disorders is a function of time.
Impact of the Home Confinement Related to COVID‐19 on the Device‐Assessed Physical Activity and Sedentary Patterns of Spanish Older Adults
Authors: Fernández-García Ángel I. , Marin-Puyalto Jorge , Gómez-Cabello Alba , Matute-Llorente Ángel , Subías-Perié Jorge , Pérez-Gómez Jorge , Lozano-Berges Gabriel , Mañas Asier , Guadalupe-Grau Amelia , González-Gross Marcela , Ara Ignacio , Casajús José A. , Vicente-Rodríguez Germán
Published: June 2021

The main objective of this study was to device‐assess the levels of physical activity and sedentary behaviour patterns of older adults during the situation prior to the COVID‐19 pandemic, home confinement, and phase‐0 of the deescalation. We also aimed to analyse the effectiveness of an unsupervised home‐based exercise routine to counteract the potential increase in sedentary behaviour during the periods within the pandemic. A total of 18 noninstitutionalized older adults(78.4 ± 6.0 y.), members of the Spanish cohort of the EXERNET‐Elder 3.0 project, participated in the study. They were recommended to perform an exercise prescription based on resistance, balance, and aerobic exercises during the pandemic. Wrist triaxial accelerometers (ActiGraph GT9X) were used to assess the percentage of sedentary time, physical activity, sedentary bouts and breaks of sedentary time. An ANOVA for repeated measures was performed to analyse the differences between the three different periods. During home quarantine, older adults spent more time in sedentary behaviours (71.6 ± 5.3%) in comparison with either the situation prior to the pandemic (65.5 ± 6.7%) or the ending of isolation (67.7 ± 7.1%) (all p < 0.05). Moreover, participants performed less bouts of physical activity and with a shorter duration during home quarantine (both p < 0.05). Additionally, no differences in the physical activity behaviours were found between the situation prior to the pandemic and the phase‐0 of deescalation. According to our results, the home confinement could negatively affect health due to increased sedentary lifestyle and the reduction of physical activity. Therefore, our unsupervised exercise program does not seem to be a completely effective strategy at least in this period.
TIPE1 Suppresses Growth and Metastasis of Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Zhang Zhenyu , Chang Minghui , Song Xingguo , Wang Kangyu , Sun Wenjuan , Ma Hongxin , Yan Xiaohui , Sun Yuhong , Song Xianrang , Xie Li
Published: June 2021

TIPE1, a newly identified member in TIPE (TNFAIP8) family, plays an important role in tumorigenesis and immune regulation, but its role in ovarian cancer, especially in tumor metastasis, remains unknown. In the current study, we aimed to reveal the protein expression spectrum of TIPE1 in normal human tissues and explored its relationship with metastasis in ovarian cancer. The results of IHC staining showed that TIPE1 protein was not only detected in cytoplasm in most human tissues but also expressed in both cytoplasm and nucleus in squamous epithelium and some epithelial-derived cells with secretory functions, such as esophagus, cervix uteri and ovary, and thyroid gland. Moreover, TIPE1 protein was downregulated in ovarian cancer tissues compared with that in the paracancerous. More importantly, TIPE1 suppressed tumorigenesis and metastasis of ovarian cancer in vitro and in vivo, as evidence shows its ability to suppress growth, colony formation, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of ovarian cancer. Taken together, our results demonstrate the suppressor role of TIPE1 in ovarian cancer metastasis, indicating TIPE1 might be a metastasis predictor and a novel therapeutic target for ovarian cancer.
Initial Stress and Gravity on P‐Wave Reflection from Electromagneto‐Thermo‐Microstretch Medium in the Context of Three‐Phase Lag Model
Authors: Bayones F. S. , Abo-Dahab S. M. , Abd-Alla A. M. , Elhag S. H. , Kilany A. A. , Elsagheer M.
Published: June 2021

The present paper studied the reflection of thermo‐microstretch waves under the generalized thermoelasticity theory which is employed to study the reflection of plane harmonic waves from a semi‐infinite elastic solid under the effect of the electromagnetic field, initial stress, and gravity. The formulation is applied under the thermoelasticity theory with three‐phase lag, and the reflection coefficient ratio variations with the angle of incidence under different conditions are obtained. Numerical results obtained from the present study are presented graphically and discussed. It is observed that the initial stress, gravitation, and electromagnetic field exert some influence in the thermo‐microstretch medium due to reflection of P‐waves.
Cloud Trust‐Driven Hierarchical Sharing Method of Internet of Things Information Resources
Authors: Zhang Jianpeng
Published: June 2021

Short information sharing time is one of the problems to be solved in the traditional Internet. Therefore, this paper proposes a hierarchical simulation of the Internet of Things sharing structure framework that trusts the cloud to drive Internet information resource sharing. By setting thresholds and iterative adjustment parameters, a complementary judgment matrix is constructed to obtain the minimum nonnegative deviation value and the optimal weight vector. This paper sorts according to the value of the Internet information security model, obtains the optimal model to avoid human tampering, and designs the information resource acquisition process to ensure the reliability of the source data. We use radio frequency identification (RFID) equipment in the preprocessing of massive heterogeneous data in the Internet of Things. In a network environment where resources are limited and heterogeneous are fully considered, the trust‐based adaptive detection algorithm is used to evaluate the credibility of the trust‐driven algorithm for hierarchical information resource sharing services in the cloud environment of the Internet of Things. We propose a cloud trust‐driven hierarchical information resource sharing Internet information resource model. Firstly, the key characteristics of hierarchical information resource sharing are analyzed. Then, a hierarchical information resource sharing model was established by using specific constraints, trust steepness function, cloud trust evaluation criteria, and trust constraint coefficient. Finally, an example of IoT system is designed to verify the effectiveness of the model. Experimental results show that, compared with the traditional model or algorithm, this model has a good hierarchical sharing effect of the underlying resource information.
Postoperative Multimodal Analysis in Successful Gas Displacement of a Submacular Hemorrhage
Authors: Urrea-Victoria Tatiana , Fulda-Graue Emiliano , Quiroz-Reyes Miguel A. , Esparza-Correa Felipe , Nieto-Jordan Alejandra , Quiroz-Gonzalez Erick A. , Graue-Wiechers Federico
Published: June 2021

In this report, we describe a case of timely gas vitrectomy to displace a moderate submacular hemorrhage from the submacular space without tPA, release vitreoretinal traction along the borders of a posterior retinal tear, and analyze postoperative multimodal imaging findings in a 34-year-old male patient whose right eye was injured by a stone. The patient underwent a successful nontissue plasminogen activator gas vitrectomy 3 days after the accident. A multimodal evaluation with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), 10-2 and 30-2 campimetry, microperimetry, multifocal electroretinography (mfERG), and visual evoked potentials was performed 6 months after the accident. The multimodal imaging tests yielded abnormal foveal SD-OCT patterns, with a fibrous sealed tear in the retinal pigment epithelium. Campimetry showed low levels of retinal sensitivity; microperimetry and mfERG revealed a subnormal retinal response and a reduction in the N1 and P1 wave amplitudes. The visual evoked potential responses were normal. Multidisciplinary examination at 6 months postoperatively revealed a structurally and functionally abnormal macula. The retina remained attached. Our functional findings indicate that submacular hemorrhage should be treated in a timely manner to minimize photoreceptor damage.
[Retracted] MCU That Is Transcriptionally Regulated by Nrf2 Augments Malignant Biological Behaviors in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Wu Ran , Zuo Weiwen , Xu Xiaoliang , Bi Lei , Zhang Chunguang , Chen Hui , Liu Hui
Published: June 2021

Objective. To clarify the role and molecular mechanism of mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) in the malignant biological behaviors of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells through clinical and cellular experiments. Methods. Immunohistochemistry and qRT‐PCR techniques were used to observe the expression of MCU, nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2), mitochondrial calcium uptake 1 (MICU1), and MICU2 in OSCC and normal tissues. After treatment with si‐MCU, spermine, and/or sh‐Nrf2, malignant biological behaviors of OSCC cells including proliferation, migration, and apoptosis were detected by clone formation, migration, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) assays. Furthermore, MCU, MICU1, MICU2, Nrf2, and other proteins related to malignant biological behaviors were examined using western blot, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence assays. Results. MCU, Nrf2, and MICU1 were strongly expressed in OSCC as compared to normal tissues, while MICU2 was relatively weakly expressed in OSCC tissues. Knockdown of MCU distinctly weakened proliferation and migration and lowered MMP level in CAL 27 cells. Conversely, its activation reinforced migrated capacity and increased MMP level in CAL 27 cells, which was reversed after cotransfection with sh‐Nrf2. After treatment with si‐MCU or spermine, Nrf2 expression was not affected in CAL 27 cells. However, MCU expression was distinctly suppressed in CAL 27 cells transfected with sh‐Nrf2. Furthermore, knockdown of Nrf2 significantly reversed the increase in expression of MICU1 and MICU2 induced by MCU activation in CAL 27 cells. Conclusion. MCU, as a novel oncogene of OSCC, augments malignant biological behaviors of OSCC cells, which could be transcriptionally regulated by Nrf2.
COVID-19 Diagnosis Using an Enhanced Inception-ResNetV2 Deep Learning Model in CXR Images
Authors: Alruwaili Madallah , Shehab Abdulaziz , Abd El-Ghany Sameh
Published: June 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has a significant negative effect on people’s health, as well as on the world’s economy. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is one of the main tests used to detect COVID-19 infection. However, it is expensive, time-consuming, and lacks sufficient accuracy. In recent years, convolutional neural networks have grabbed many researchers’ attention in the machine learning field, due to its high diagnosis accuracy, especially the medical image recognition. Many architectures such as Inception, ResNet, DenseNet, and VGG16 have been proposed and gained an excellent performance at a low computational cost. Moreover, in a way to accelerate the training of these traditional architectures, residual connections are combined with inception architecture. Therefore, many hybrid architectures such as Inception-ResNetV2 are further introduced. This paper proposes an enhanced Inception-ResNetV2 deep learning model that can diagnose chest X-ray (CXR) scans with high accuracy. Besides, a Grad-CAM algorithm is used to enhance the visualization of the infected regions of the lungs in CXR images. Compared with state-of-the-art methods, our proposed paper proves superiority in terms of accuracy, recall, precision, and F1-measure.
Iterative Learning Control for Switched Systems with Sensor Saturation Constraints
Authors: Cao Wei , Qiao Jinjie , Sun Ming
Published: June 2021

To solve trajectory tracking problem of switched system with sensor saturation, an iterative learning control algorithm is proposed. The method uses actual measurement error to modify the control variable of system on the premise that switched rule does not change along iteration axis, but it randomly changes along time axis. Moreover, by dealing with the saturation via diagonal matrix method, the convergence of the algorithm is strictly proved in the sense of λ‐norm, and the convergence condition is derived. The algorithm can achieve complete tracking of desired trajectory in the finite time interval under the random switched rule, as iterations increase. The simulation example verifies the validity of the proposed algorithm.
Inequalities for Unified Integral Operators via Stronglyα,h‐m-Convexity
Authors: Zhang Zhongyi , Farid Ghulam , Mahreen Kahkashan
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we give a generalized definition namely stronglyα,h‐m-convex function that unifies many known definitions. By applying this new definition, we present inequalities for unified integral operators which have connection with many of the well-known results for different kinds of convex functions. Moreover, this paper at once provides refinements and generalizations of a lot of fractional integral inequalities which are identified in remarks.
DiaMole: Mole Detection and Segmentation Software for Mobile Phone Skin Images
Authors: Liu Shuai , Chen Zheng , Zhou Huahui , He Kunlin , Duan Meiyu , Zheng Qichen , Xiong Pengcheng , Huang Lan , Yu Qiong , Su Guoxiong , Zhou Fengfeng
Published: June 2021

Motivation. The worldwide incidence and mortality rates of melanoma are on the rise recently. Melanoma may develop from benign lesions like skin moles. Easy-to-use mole detection software will help find the malignant skin lesions at the early stage. Results. This study developed mole detection and segmentation software DiaMole using mobile phone images. DiaMole utilized multiple deep learning algorithms for the object detection problem and mole segmentation problem. An object detection algorithm generated a rectangle tightly surrounding a mole in the mobile phone image. Moreover, the segmentation algorithm detected the precise boundary of that mole. Three deep learning algorithms were evaluated for their object detection performance. The popular performance metric mean average precision (mAP) was used to evaluate the algorithms. Among the utilized algorithms, the Faster R-CNN could achieve the best mAP = 0.835, and the integrated algorithm could achieve the mAP = 0.4228. Although the integrated algorithm could not achieve the best mAP, it can avoid the missing of detecting the moles. A popular Unet model was utilized to find the precise mole boundary. Clinical users may annotate the detected moles based on their experiences. Conclusions. DiaMole is user-friendly software for researchers focusing on skin lesions. DiaMole may automatically detect and segment the moles from the mobile phone skin images. The users may also annotate each candidate mole according to their own experiences. The automatically calculated mole image masks and the annotations may be saved for further investigations.
Relationship between Macrovascular and Microvascular Hemodynamics Assessed by Spectrophotometry in Periodontal Diseases
Authors: Figliuzzi M. M. , Sestito S. , Pacifico D. , Parentela L. , Rengo Carlo
Published: June 2021

Objective. The aim of this study is to identify a possible link between macrovascular hemodynamic status and microvascular hemodynamic indices in patients with periodontal disease. Methods and Materials. Seventeen adult patients are recruited on a voluntary basis at the Dentistry Department of the “Mater Domini” University of Catanzaro, with sampling that determines the lipid profile, blood glucose, inflammatory mediators, blood plasma viscosity: anamnesis, blood pressure measurement, and detection of anthropometric parameters: eco-Doppler of the carotid arteries and brachial arteries with noninvasive measurements of hemodynamics and evaluation of inflammation and periodontal circulation with a noninvasive spectroscopic technique. The subjects underwent a dental inspection with periodontal proves. The different indices of periodontal disease were evaluated. Results. The sites with high probing depth differ from the healthy ones, showing low oxygen saturation and a notable increase in tissue edema, but no correlation between macro- and microvascular values was found. Conclusion. Periodontal probing and spectroscopic examination showed the correlation between low oxygen saturation levels and tissue edema values with probing depth; however, no correlation between macrovascular hemodynamic status and microvascular hemodynamics indices was found probably given the heterogeneity of the population under consideration, the low number of data gathered, and the small sample size.
Fruit Waste Substrates to Produce Single-Cell Proteins as Alternative Human Food Supplements and Animal Feeds Using Baker’s Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
Authors: Dunuweera Asiri Nisansala , Nikagolla Dinusha Nayomi , Ranganathan Kapilan
Published: June 2021

Production of single-cell proteins (SCP) utilizing food wastes is an alternative solution to meet the global protein shortage and minimize pollution problems. Utilization of fruit wastes to produce SCP via fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae for animal feed and potential human food was studied. The waste materials such as Mango (Mangifera indica), Prickly Custard Apple (Annona muricata), Pineapple (Ananas comosus), Papaya (Carica papaya), Banana (Musa accuminara Colla), Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana), Cashew apple (Anacardium occidentale), Cacao (Theobroma cacao), Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus), and Pomegranate (Punica granatum) were used as the substrates for SCP production. Maximum biomass production yield and protein production were significantly higher on the fourth day (

P
≤
0.05

) in all the fruit waste substrates. The maximum dried biomass and the protein production were significantly higher (

P
≤
0.05

) in the PAM substrate (0.429 ± 0.004 g and 48.32 ± 2.84% resp.) than the others, and PGM substrate yielded significantly lower biomass and protein. Considering the moisture content and ash content, the highest values were observed in JM and BM substrates, respectively, while the least values were observed in CM and PGM substrates. The bulk density values were ranging from 0.31 to 0.61 g/cm3. The values for water absorption capacity and oil absorption capacity (mL/g) were high in all substrates, and they were comparable to each of them.
An Overview of Spinal Injuries due to Dive or Fall into Shallow Water: Our Long-Term, Double-Center Experience from the Aegean Coast
Authors: Yılmaz Murat , Ikizoglu Ersin , Arslan Mert , Ozgiray Erkin , Calıskan Kadri Emre , Erbayraktar Resat Serhat
Published: June 2021

Purpose. We aimed to evaluate the demographic and clinical features of patients with cervical spinal injuries secondary to shallow-water diving and share our therapeutic outcomes. Methods. A retrospective study was carried out using data extracted from the medical files of 39 patients (3 females and 36 males) who were treated surgically (n = 29) or conservatively (n = 10). Demographics, clinical features, operative data, American Spine Injury Association (ASIA) impairment scales, and Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) results were noted. Results. The average age of our series (n = 39) was 31.59 ± 14.80 (range, 14 to 92) years. The vast majority of patients (n = 34, 87.2%) presented with isolated cervical trauma. At initial admission, neurological deficits were diagnosed in 22 (56.4%) patients. A single-level cervical involvement was noted in 18 (46.2%) patients, while 21 cases (53.8%) displayed injury involving multiple levels. The levels of cervical injury were C5 (n = 16, 41%), C6 (n = 11, 28.2%), C7 (n = 6, 15.4%), C1 (n = 5, 12.8%), and C4 (n = 1, 2.6%). A total of 22 patients had neurological deficits at admission. Surgery was performed using anterior (n = 21, 72.4%), posterior (n = 7, 24.1%), and combined anterior and posterior (n = 1, 3.4%) routes. Nine patients (23.1%) exhibited improvement in their neurological deficits. There were significant improvements in both the ASIA impairment scale and KPS results after treatment. Conclusion. Our data indicated that dive- or fall-related cervical spinal injuries are associated with profound morbidity. Reinforcement of primary prevention, identification of target population, and increased awareness on this topic are the key steps to minimize the frequency and severity of complications and to optimize therapeutic outcomes.
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Depression among Pregnant Mothers Who Had Intimate Partner Violence during Pregnancy Attending Antenatal Care at Gondar University Hospital Northwest Ethiopia in 2020
Authors: Ayele Sileshi , Alemayehu Mekuriaw , Fikadu Elfalet , Tarekegn Gebrekidan Ewnetu
Published: June 2021

Background. Antenatal depression is the major obstetric problem that led to significant maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in the third world. However, in Ethiopia this prevalence and association were not studied, as result, this study investigated the prevalence and associated factors of antenatal depression among pregnant mothers who had intimate partner violence during pregnancy. Methodology. An institution‐based cross‐sectional study was done among 409 pregnant mothers who had intimate partner violence during pregnancy from May to July 2019 at Gondar University Hospital. All pregnant mothers who came for ANC follow‐up during the study period approached for screening of intimate partner violence during pregnancy using standard and validated screening method and instrument of the WHO multicountry study on women’s health and domestic violence to evaluate intimate partner violence, and we use EPDS for the evaluation of antenatal depression validated in Ethiopia with a cut point of 13. Result. Prevalence of depression among pregnant mothers who had any form of intimate partner violence during pregnancy was 35%: physical abuse (AOR = 1.8; 95% CI: 1.19, 3.30), more than one type of abuse (AOR = 10.18; 95% CI: 7.10, 16.18), poor social support (AOR = 5.81; 95% CI: 1.12, 13.12), and pregnant mothers whose partner drunk for the past twelve months (AOR = 7.16; 95% CI: 183, 8.00) were significantly associated with antenatal depression. Conclusion. High prevalence of antenatal depression among pregnant mothers who had intimate partner violence during pregnancy was highly associated with physical abuse, more than one type of abuse, lack of social support, and partner of pregnant mothers who is a drunk. Hence, this is important to create a screening program and prevention strategy of intimate partner violence during pregnancy at the time of antenatal follow‐up to prevent and early identify its morbidity and mortality.
An Extraction Method of Volleyball Spiking Trajectory and Teaching Based on Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Wang Meifang , Liang Zhange
Published: June 2021

It is helpful to analyze volleyball spiking technology and improve spiking quality to extract volleyball spiking trajectory. This article studies the extraction method and teaching method of volleyball spiking trajectory based on a wireless sensor network. The acceleration sensor and gyroscope sensor are used to collect the spiking action state information of volleyball players. The collected information is transmitted to the PC terminal through the wireless sensor network, including physical layer, data link layer, network layer, transmission layer, and application layer, using the LEACH clustering routing protocol algorithm. In the PC terminal, the feedback filtering method is used to preprocess the received information and calculate the integral of each sensor node’s acceleration, connecting the spatial coordinates of each time to obtain the upper limb trajectory in three-dimensional space and realize the trajectory extraction of volleyball spike action. The experimental results show that the position error is less than 0.01 m and the speed error is less than 0.15 m/s. The application of this method in volleyball teaching can effectively improve the quality of volleyball teaching.
Candida Albicans Osteomyelitis after Chest Wall Blunt Trauma: A Case Report
Authors: Minervini Fabrizio , Kestenholz Peter B. , Fritsche Elmar , Franchi Alberto
Published: June 2021

Fungal osteomyelitis is a rare disease that can occur in immunocompromised patients. We report a case of a patient with a primary rib osteomyelitis after a blunt trauma of the chest wall. Aggressive surgical debridement along with antifungal therapy was the cornerstone of the disease management in this patient.
Study on Development Law of Mining‐Induced Slope Fracture in Gully Mining Area
Authors: Yang Tao , Yang Yiran , Zhang Jie , Gao Shoushi , Li Tong
Published: June 2021

The development law of mining cracks in shallow coal seams under gully topography was used as the research base to analyze the development characteristics of mining cracks in the 5‐2 coal mining face of Anshan Coal Mine, and the weak strength was established. The basic top force model under the action of the overburden is the “nonuniformly distributed load beam” structure model. Through similar simulation research and theoretical calculation analysis, the fracture development law of the working face passing through the valley is studied. Based on the mechanical analysis of the beam structure with nonuniform load, the discriminant conditions of the stability of the bearing structure of the bedrock are derived, the calculation formulas of the parameters such as the pressure, shear force, and the ultimate span of the basic roof at both ends are determined, the influence law of the thickness and slope change of the weak strength overburden on the mining crack spacing is revealed, and the influence of the slope of the weak strength overburden on the weighting step distance on the beam with nonuniform load is obtained. The phenomenon is that the burial depth has a great influence on the step distance of weighting. The practice shows that the distance between the mining‐induced fractures determined by the nonuniformly distributed load beam model and the periodic weighting step, the height of fracture development, and the buried depth are approximately the same; the mining‐induced fractures in the overburden develop and evolve periodically with the failure and instability of the bedrock. The research results will clarify the development mechanism of surface cracks in the gully mining area, which is of great significance to reduce terrain disasters.
Evaluation of Renal Tissue Oxygenation Using Blood Oxygen Level-Dependent Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Chen Fen , Yan Han , Yang Fan , Cheng Li , Zhang Siwei , Li Shulin , Liu Caixia , Xu Kai , Sun Dong
Published: June 2021

Background: Blood oxygen level-dependent magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-MRI) has been widely used to assess renal oxygenation changes in different kidney diseases in recent years. This study was designed to evaluate and compare renal tissue oxygenation using 2 BOLD-MRI analysis methods, namely, the regional and whole-kidney region of interest (ROI) selection methods. Methods: The study ended up with 10 healthy controls and 40 chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients without dialysis. Their renal BOLD-MRI data were analyzed using whole-kidney ROI selection method and compared with regional ROI selection method. Results: We found the cortical, medullary, and whole-kidney R2* values were significantly higher in CKD patients than those in controls. Compared with the regional ROI selection method, the whole-kidney ROI selection method yielded higher cortical R2* values in both controls and CKD patients. The whole-kidney R2* values of deteriorating renal function group were significantly higher than those in stable renal function group. Conclusions: Cortical and medullary oxygenation was decreased significantly in CKD patients compared with the healthy controls, particularly in the medulla. The whole-kidney R2* values were positively correlated with kidney function and inversely correlated with the estimated glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow. Whole-Kidney R2* value might effectively predict the progression of renal function in patients with CKD.
Post hoc Analysis of a Randomized, Controlled, Phase 2 Study to Assess Response Rates with Chlormethine/Mechlorethamine Gel in Patients with Stage IA–IIA Mycosis Fungoides
Authors: Querfeld Christiane , Scarisbrick Julia J. , Assaf Chalid , Guenova Emmanuella , Bagot Martine , Ortiz-Romero Pablo Luis , Quaglino Pietro , Bonizzoni Erminio , Hodak Emmilia
Published: June 2021

Background: Mycosis fungoides (MF) is the most common form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Patients can be treated using chlormethine gel, a skin-directed therapy developed and approved for MF. In the randomized, controlled 201 trial, chlormethine gel was found to be noninferior to equal-strength chlormethine ointment. However, there remains a need to gain more insight into outcome measures after treatment. Objective: The aim of this study was to further investigate the potential of chlormethine gel treatment through a novel post hoc analysis of the 201 trial data (NCT00168064). Methods: Patients were randomized to chlormethine gel or ointment; response assessments included Composite Assessment of Index Lesion Severity (CAILS) and total body surface area (BSA). In this post hoc analysis, additional subgroup response analyses were performed for stage IA/IB–IIA MF. Very good partial response (75 to <100% improvement) was included as an additional response category. Time to response and overall response trends were determined. Finally, multivariate time-to-event analyses were performed to determine whether associations were observed between treatment frequency, response, and adverse events. Results: Response rates were significantly higher for patients with stage IA MF for CAILS (intent-to-treat [p = 0.0014] and efficacy-evaluable [EE; p = 0.0036] populations) and BSA (EE population [p = 0.0488]) treated with gel versus ointment. Time to first CAILS response and response trends were better for all-stage gel-treated patients overall. No association was seen between treatment frequency and response or occurrence of adverse events at the following visit. An association was observed between the occurrence of contact dermatitis and improved clinical response at the next visit (p = 0.0001). Conclusion: This post hoc analysis shows that treatment with chlormethine gel may result in higher and faster response rates compared with chlormethine ointment, which confirms and expands results reported in the original analysis. The incidence of contact dermatitis may potentially be a prognostic indicator for clinical response; this needs to be confirmed in a larger population.
Differential Diagnosis of the Short IGF-I-Deficient Child with Apparently Normal Growth Hormone Secretion
Authors: Wit Jan M. , Joustra Sjoerd D. , Losekoot Monique , van Duyvenvoorde Hermine A. , de Bruin Christiaan
Published: June 2021

The current differential diagnosis for a short child with low insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and a normal growth hormone (GH) peak in a GH stimulation test (GHST), after exclusion of acquired causes, includes the following disorders: (1) a decreased spontaneous GH secretion in contrast to a normal stimulated GH peak (“GH neurosecretory dysfunction,” GHND) and (2) genetic conditions with a normal GH sensitivity (e.g., pathogenic variants of GH1 or GHSR) and (3) GH insensitivity (GHI). We present a critical appraisal of the concept of GHND and the role of 12- or 24-h GH profiles in the selection of children for GH treatment. The mean 24-h GH concentration in healthy children overlaps with that in those with GH deficiency, indicating that the previously proposed cutoff limit (3.0–3.2 μg/L) is too high. The main advantage of performing a GH profile is that it prevents about 20% of false-positive test results of the GHST, while it also detects a low spontaneous GH secretion in children who would be considered GH sufficient based on a stimulation test. However, due to a considerable burden for patients and the health budget, GH profiles are only used in few centres. Regarding genetic causes, there is good evidence of the existence of Kowarski syndrome (due to GH1 variants) but less on the role of GHSR variants. Several genetic causes of (partial) GHI are known (GHR, STAT5B, STAT3, IGF1, IGFALS defects, and Noonan and 3M syndromes), some responding positively to GH therapy. In the final section, we speculate on hypothetical causes.
Nomenclature for Kidney Function from KDIGO: Shortcomings of Terminology Oversimplification
Authors: Palazzuoli Alberto , Tecson Kristen M. , Ronco Claudio , McCullough Peter A.
Published: June 2021

The recent Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) consensus conference proposed a universal nomenclature calling for “Kidney Disease” (KD) to be applied to every form of kidney dysfunction, regardless of etiology. We recognize that the estimated glomerular filtration rate and urine albumin:creatinine ratio are limited in their application to the broad spectrum of KD. However, there are additional in vitro and advanced diagnostic options that can help identify the underlying cause of KD and inform about prognosis and management. While the overarching benefit of generalizing KD as a medical problem lies with screening and detection, the downsides attributable to a nonexact diagnosis (i.e., unclear prognosis and management strategy) are considerable. Finally, the terms “acute kidney injury” and “worsening renal function” are currently used interchangeably by nephrologists and cardiologists alike, and a universal adoption of one term will likely be a sizeable challenge. To be of greater benefit, we propose KD be used as a starting point and that the etiology and other epigenetic determinants of illness continue to be evaluated and characterized.