bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MENOPAUSAL SYMPTOMS AND FACTORS AFFECTING IT: A SAMPLE OF TURKISH WOMEN
Authors: NAZİK Evşen , ARSLAN Sevban , KARAÇAY YIKAR Seda , NAZİK Hakan , ÖZDEMİR Funda , EJDER APAY Serap
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to assess menopausal symptoms and factors affecting it
Method: This descriptive and cross-sectional survey was conducted with a total of 280 women aged 40–65 years. The data was collected with the personal information form and the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS). Data analysis included determining the percentage, arithmetic average, Kruskal–Wallis variance analysis, Mann-Whitney U test, t test, and analysis of variance.
Results: The average age of the women participants was 54.65 ± 6.90 years. The mean total MRS was 20.22 ± 10.11. The somatic symptom subscale was 3.94 ± 2.11, the psychological symptom subscale was 11.54 ± 6.01, and the urogenital symptom subscale was 4.74 ± 3.72. The study was found that the women experienced hot flushes/sweating (51.4%), irritability symptoms (40%), muscle and joint problems (37.1%), and sexual problems at a severe to very severe level (34.3%). The following factors—age, education level, working status, marital status, income status, smoking behavior, exercise, number of pregnancies, and knowledge about menopause statistically affected the total MRS scores of women.
Conclusions: These results showed that women experienced severe menopausal symptoms and these symptoms were affected by many factors
City Planning and Green Infrastructure: Embedding Ecology into Urban Decision-Making
Authors: Osmond Paul , Wilkinson Sara
Published: January 2021

Green infrastructure (GI) includes an array of products, technologies, and practices that use natural systems—or designed systems that mimic natural processes—to enhance environmental sustainability and human quality of life. GI is the ultimate source of the ecosystem services which the biotic environment provides to humanity. The maintenance and enhancement of GI to optimise the supply of ecosystem services thus requires conscious planning. The objective of this thematic issue is to publish a cross-section of quality research which addresses how urban planning can contribute to the conservation, management, enhancement, and creation of GI in the city. The terms of reference include the technical, economic, social, and political dimensions of the planning/GI nexus. Here we offer a brief overview of the articles published in this collection, and consider where policy, planning, and design relating to urban GI may be heading in the future.
Role of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in reducing cardiovascular and cerebral complications in chronic kidney disease: focus perindopril
Authors: Murkamilov I. T.
Published: January 2021

In the development of renocardial relationships in chronic kidney disease, an important role is given to the activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), as the main component of the progression and development of cardiovascular complications..The presented review is devoted to the analysis of modern scientific data on the effect of high RAAS activity in chronic kidney disease on the course and prognosis of cardiovascular complications, as well as the protective capabilities of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, in particular perindopril. The results of scientific research on the role of the RAAS in the progression of chronic kidney disease are summarized. Data on chronic kidney disease as a risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebral complications are presented. Attention is focused on the possibilities of prolonging the pre-dialysis period of chronic kidney disease when using angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. The role of perindopril as a lipophilic angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor with a high affinity for tissue RAAS was emphasized in reducing cardiovascular and cerebral risk in chronic kidney disease.
Early signs of myocardial dysfunction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Feiskhanova L. I. , Abdulganieva D. I.
Published: January 2021

The objective of the study – identify early preclinical signs of myocardial dysfunction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis.Material and methods. We examined 142 people with verified rheumatic diseases. All patients were divided into 2 groups. The first group consisted of patients with rheumatoid arthritis – 95 people. The second group – patients with ankylosing spondylitis – 47 people. The control group included 70 practically healthy individuals. In addition to standard diagnostic tests, all patients underwent tissue dopplerography of the heart using the GE Vivid E9 ultrasound device using the two-dimensional deformation technique (speckle tracking) to assess the deformation and rate of myocardial deformation, as well as determining the level of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in the blood serum.Results. Among patients with rheumatoid arthritis, diastolic dysfunction of both the left ventricle and both ventricles was more common than in the control group. The same pattern was observed in the group with ankylosing spondylitis. The calculation of the relative risk showed that the presence of rheumatoid arthritis in 4,42 times increases the risk of diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle in comparison with practically healthy people (CI 1,6–12,2). In individuals with rheumatoid arthritis also results in a deterioration of systolic function of both ventricles. The level of matrix metalloproteinase metalloproteinase-9 was highest and most often increased in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Among patients with rheumatoid arthritis, the average level of metalloproteinase-9 was low, but the incidence was higher than in the control group. The obtained results indicate that in these rheumatic diseases there is a marked degradation of the extracellular matrix components.Conclusion. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis are characterized by a deterioration in the diastolic function of the left ventricle or both ventricles simultaneously, which is accompanied by an increase in the level of metalloproteinase-9.
Late Glacial ice advance in the Kellerjoch region near Schwaz (Tyrol, Eastern Alps)
Authors: Gschwentner Philipp , Kerschner Hanns , Spötl Christoph
Published: January 2021

The Kellerjoch forms a small isolated massif at the northernmost rim of the central Eastern Alps of Tyrol and shows a number of geomorphological features of glacial and periglacial origin. Mapping yields evidence of two local glaciations postdating the Last Glacial Maximum. Using a simple glaciological approach the palaeoglaciers related to these events were reconstructed. The older glaciation yields an equilibrium line altitude (ELA) ranging from 1660 m for the maximum extent to 1800 m a.s.l. for the innermost moraine. For the younger glaciation, ELAs were reconstructed at 1905 m and 1980 m (depending on the reconstruction) for the Kellerjoch palaeoglacier 2, as well as 1870 m and 2060 m a.s.l. for the Proxen palaeoglacier and the Gart palaeoglacier, respectively. A comparison with published data from the Eastern Alps shows that the older glaciation in the Kellerjoch region likely corresponds to the Gschnitz stadial. Low basal shear stresses of the glacier tongues point towards a cold and dry climate, similar to the reconstruction for the Gschnitz type locality at Trins. The younger glaciation cannot unambiguously be assigned to a specific Late Glacial ice advance, but a Younger Dryas age is a distinct possibility.
Diagnostics of Psychological Well-Being of Primary School Children in Full-Time and Family Education
Authors: Lubovsky D. , Milova N.S.
Published: January 2021

The study is focused on the comparative assessment of elementary school children psychological well-being in the context of traditional school education and homeschooling. The hypothesis of the study was the assumption about the relationship between the level of psychological well-being and the form of education of elementary school children. In a study involving 60 schoolchildren aged 8-9 years (30 – in the homeschooling, 30 – in the school of education) and their parents, the Russian-language version of the “Scale of psychological well-being of children (PWB-c)” for children aged 8-9 years was used; the Dembo–Rubinstein self-esteem study method in the modification of A.V. Prikhozhan, a projective drawing “My family” and a survey of parents of primary school children on the author's questionnaire. The study showed no significant differences between the two groups on all scales of the PWB-c questionnaire. Satisfactory internal consistency of the questionnaire was shown (Cronbach's alpha=0.775). Data on the family drawing, the Dembo–Rubinstein method and the questionnaire for parents show that in families where children are taught at home, family relationships are perceived by children as more favorable and the level of claims of children is more adequate. Parents of children in family education are more focused on finding happiness for their child; parents of children in school are more focused on the academic success of their children. Authors showed prospects of further research of psychological well-being of elementary school children in the conditions of various forms of education. Ways to refine the PWB-c questionnaire and validate it are outlined.
Prevention of post-radiation damage to the bladder with medicinal plants in patients with locally advanced forms of cervical cancer
Authors: Korepanov S. V. , Lazarev A. F. , Nikolaeva M. G. , Petrova V. D.
Published: January 2021

Objective: to study the effect of phytotherapy on the frequency and extent of post-radiation injuries in patients with locally advanced forms of cervical cancer who received chemo-radiation treatment.
Material and methods: a randomized clinical trial was conducted, including 2 groups of patients aged 2464 years with a morphologically confirmed diagnosis of locally advanced (IIbIIIb) cervical cancer. The main group consisted of 350 patients who received standard chemo-radiation therapy against the background of therapy with medicinal plants using the original patented method, and a comparison group of 402 patients who received only standard special treatment.
Results: accompanying therapy with medicinal plants reduces the risk of early post-radiation complications of the bladder (erosive cystitis) in patients of the main group by 1.4 times [2.9 (3.72.1) % vs. 4.0 (5.03.0)% ; p = 0.0001]; late (5 years after treatment) 2.9 times [0.9 (0.960.84) % vs. 2.6 (3.71.5) %; p = 0.0001].
Influence of plastic surgery for melanoma on progression-free survival in patients with skin melanoma according to the degree of tumor lymphoid infiltration
Authors: Yargunin Sergei A. , Shoykhet Ya. N. , Lazarev A. F.
Published: January 2021

The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of plastic methods for closing the defect after excision of primary skin melanoma according to the degree of lymphoid infiltration of the tumor.
Material and methods. Patients with primary skin melanoma (SM) treated in 2013 (n = 337) were studied; these patients were randomized into 2 groups using the method of blind selection to the main (n = 182). In these groups, the tumor removal operation in patients ended with plastic tissue defect and the group comparisons (n = 155) (after removal of the tumor, simple linear wound closure was performed).
Results. It was found that pronounced lymphoid tumor infiltration in patients with primary skin melanoma as a predictor of a favorable prognosis (in terms of the occurrence of locoregional recurrence) is realized in patients with plastic defect replacement significantly 2 times more often than in patients without plastic surgery in the period from 12 to 60 months of observation.
Discussion. The dependence of the occurrence of locoregional relapses in patients on lymphoid infiltration of the tumor and the performance of plastic surgery was revealed. In general, all patients who underwent plastic surgery have an advantage in terms of the occurrence of locoregional relapses in the long term for a period of up to 5 years by 12.5%. In patients with severe lymphoid infiltration and plastic surgery, locoregional relapses occur almost 2 times less often than in patients without plastic surgery, starting from a follow-up period of 1236 months by 20.6% (22.9% and 43.5%, respectively; p = 0.008), and in the period from 36 to 60 months of observation by 24.7% (25.3% and 50.0%, respectively; p = 0.002).
Conclusion. The use of plastic techniques for closing a wound defect in patients with skin melanoma with pronounced lymphoid tumor infiltration reduces the risk of gross scarring and halves the risk of locoregional metastasis as compared to linear suturing of the postoperative defect.
Integral assessment of markers of the local infectious and inflammatory process in women with preterm birth in multiple pregnancies
Authors: Kosyakova Olga V. , Bespalova Olesya N. , Budilovskaya Olga V. , Savicheva Alevtina M.
Published: January 2021

Hypothesis/Aims of study. Premature birth in multiple pregnancies remains an important object of research, since it is the main factor in poor perinatal outcomes, and their heterogeneous mechanisms determine the ineffectiveness of prediction and prevention methods. In the pathogenesis of premature birth, as is known, one of the leading links is inflammation caused by infections of the lower genital tract (40%). In multiple pregnancies, which in most cases occur as a result of assisted reproductive technology treatment (70%) and are mainly accompanied by complications, pregravid preparation and antenatal observation include more careful control and correction of local infectious and inflammatory processes. In this regard, the persisting high rate of premature birth in multiple pregnancies (about 54%) demonstrates the ambiguity of the opinion about the suppressive role of the infectious factor in the induction of premature birth and determines the need for studying its contribution to multifactorial genesis. The aim of this study was to conduct an integral assessment of markers of the local infectious and inflammatory process in women with PB in multiple pregnancies.
Study design, materials and methods. We performed a comprehensive study of the bacteriological composition of the lower genital tract discharge using microscopic, bacteriological, and molecular biological methods (Femoflor 16 test) and assessed the local inflammatory status (ImmunoQuantex test) in 30 pregnant women with dichorionic diamniotic twins. The main group consisted of women with premature birth (n = 13), the control group comprising those with term birth (n = 16), while patients with induced premature birth (n = 2) were not included in the comparative analysis.
Results. This study was the first to determine the features of vaginal microbiocenosis and the local immune status in women with premature birth in multiple pregnancies. In general, the study cohort had a low inflammatory status and normal or intermediate types of vaginal biotope. The most common disruptions (24.1%) were vaginal dysbiosis, expressed in a small amount of Lactobacillius spp., and non-specific vaginitis associated with Mycoplasma hominis. The local immune status of women with premature birth was characterized by a relative decrease in the mRNA expression of such innate immunity genes as IL1B, TNF, TLR4, and GATA3. An integrated assessment of the studied parameters based on the data obtained allowed us to build a mathematical model for predicting premature birth with the probability of 87.6%.
Conclusion. The integral assessment of infectious and inflammatory markers is important from the standpoint of not only their possible identification as predictors, but also a general understanding of the genesis of premature birth.
Pathomorphological features of the endometrium in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding in the presence of uterine leiomyoma
Authors: Rumyantseva Zoya S. , Sulima Anna N. , Volotskaya Nadezhda I. , Zyablitskaya Evgenia Yu. , Anikin Sergey S. , Glazkov Ilya S. , Keshvedinova Aishe A.
Published: January 2021

Hypothesis/Aims of study. One of the problems discussed in the field of obstetrics and gynecology is the combined pathology of the reproductive system. Among the female reproductive system disorders associated with uterine leiomyoma, endometrial pathology prevails in the form of local inflammatory, receptor and hormonal changes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the structural features of the endometrium and its receptivity in patients with uterine leiomyoma, depending on its histological type and localization.
Study design, materials and methods. We examined 128 women with leiomyoma manifesting abnormal uterine bleeding, using clinical, instrumental and morphological methods.
Results. Combined pathological changes in the endometrium are more characteristic of submucous leiomyoma compared to intramural and subserous leiomyomas. The proliferative activity of endometrial cells in submucous leiomyoma is two or more times higher than in intramural and subserous leiomyoma. In submucous leiomyoma, cell proliferation occurs significantly more often than in other locations of myomatous nodes.
Role of the immune response in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease and possibilities of anti-inflammatory therapy
Authors: Vorobev Sergey V. , Emelin Andrey Yu. , Kuznetsova Raisa N. , Kudryavtsev Igor V.
Published: January 2021

In modern scientific society several alternative hypotheses for the formation of Alzheimers disease are considered, proposed on the basis of data obtained as a result of research. In almost any of them, the development of an immuno-inflammatory response is discussed as one of the main pathogenic mechanisms of the disease. It was found that the development of neurodegeneration is accompanied by the accumulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and other markers of inflammation in the peripheral blood and brain tissues. At the same time, the obtained results suggest that the main role in pathogenesis may be played by T-helpers of the Th17 population that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. In addition, microglia, which is the main immune-presenting component of the central nervous system, and astrocytes, which are capable of excessive production of pro- inflammatory cytokines and regulation of -amyloid clearance, are considered as key components in these reactions. Based on these data, attempts are being made to develop drugs that have an anti-inflammatory effect and can positively influence the dynamics of the disease. The initial results obtained in some cases demonstrate a certain positive effect, which suggests that there is a therapeutic potential for this type of therapy.
Polygraphology, profiling, eyetracking and other parascientific methods of psychiatric diagnostics
Authors: Mendelevich Vladimir D.
Published: January 2021

The article analyzes the problem of scientific groundlessness, inexpediency and unethical use of instrumental paraclinical methods for diagnosing mental and behavioral disorders. An opinion is expressed about the discrepancy between instrumental diagnostics and the criteria set out in international classifications. The use of polygraph examination, profiling and eye tracking in forensic psychiatric expert practice is criticized. It is concluded that in the context of a subjective interpretation of the results obtained and the absence of evidence of correlations between the clinical syndrome and psychophysiological parameters, the conclusion about the presence of psychopathological disorders based on the proposed methods should be recognized as dangerous for the fate of patients and discrediting psychiatric diagnostics.
Psychometric approach in psychiatry: excess or necessity?
Authors: Assanovich Marat A.
Published: January 2021

Psychometric approach is historically associated with the formation of psychiatry as a science. Psychometric scales have been used repeatedly to form classifications of mental disorders. Currently, effectiveness of psychometric approach in psychiatry has received evidence-based confirmation in a number of international projects on the pharmacotherapy of depression. A new direction has emerged, called measurement-based care. It has been proven that the use of psychometric scales by 2545% increases the efficiency of diagnostic assessment in psychiatry, improves the interaction between doctor and patient, and improves the organization of psychiatric care. At the same time, a significant number of practicing psychiatrists do not use psychometric scales due to time costs, low validity and difficulties in interpretation. In this regard, modern psychiatry is in dire need of introduction of new psychometric technologies, allowing in a short time to develop economic, valid and accurate psychometric instruments.
Planlı Eskitme Kavramı Bağlamında Tüketici Tutumları
Authors: ÇERÇİ Merve , TOSUN Nurhan Zeynep
Published: January 2021

Planlı eskitme ürünleri tüketicilere gerekenden biraz daha önce aldırmak adına onların bir tasarı ile
üretilmesidir. Bu tasarı ürünlerin tüketicileri tarafından ne kadar süre boyunca kullanılması isteniyor
ise ona göre yapılmaktadır. Böylece zamanı geldiğinde ürünler kullanılamaz hale gelerek yenilerinin
alınmasının önü açılabilir. Yaşam eğrileri kasıtlı olarak kısaltılan ürünlerin yerine, pazara yeni sürülen
ürünlerin tüketicilerin zihninde yer edindirilme aşamasında, planlı eskitmenin devinimini sağlayan
temel unsur ise reklamdır. Bu çalışmada amaç, katılımcıların planlı eskitme eğilimlerini test ederek,
onların planlı eskitme faaliyetlerine yönelik bilişsel, duygusal ve davranışsal tutumlarında reklamın
rolünü ölçümlemektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda deney ve kontrol grubu olarak ayrılan katılımcılardan,
deney grubuna Apple’ın reklam filmleri izlettirilirken, kontrol grubuna izlettirilmemiştir. Manipüle
amacı ile kullanılan bu iki reklam filminin biri tutumun bilişsel ögesine seslenirken, diğeri ise
duygusal ögesine seslenmektedir. Bu çalışma için dizayn edilen araştırmada, deneysel tasarım yöntemi
kullanılmış ve 292 kontrol 294 deney grubundan olmak üzere toplamda 586 geçerli anket analiz
edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, katılımcıların tutumları, onların duygusal ve bilişsel ögesine seslenen reklam
filmleri ile manipüle edilmeye çalışıldığında, bu manipülasyonun etkilerinin ortaya çıkmadığı, iki
grubun da planlı eskitmeye yönelik eğilimlerinin birbirine benzediği görülmüştür.
Does government spending reduce poverty in Nigeria? Evidence from Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag Specification.
Authors: Adegboyo Olufemi Samuel
Published: January 2021

This paper analyses the impact of government spending on poverty reducing in Nigeria for the period 1981 to 2017 making use of annual time series data. The study employs the Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach. The result of the study revealed that economic service recurrent expenditure (ESRX), social and community recurrent expenditure (SCSRX), Transfer recurrent expenditure (TRX) reduces poverty while transfer capital expenditure (TCX) and administrative recurrent expenditure (ADRX) escalate poverty. Consequently, the study recommends that Government should embark on provision of food subsidies, subsidies farm input for farmers, subsidies transportation cost. Furthermore, government should endeavor to pay pensioners all their entitlements including gratuities as at when due without any delay, government should also be giving stipend to the unemployed and disabled, more poverty alleviating programs should be organize Also, the huge cost of maintaining the government should be reduced by reducing the numbers of political appointees to a reasonable size.
Uji Peran Mediasi Subjective Well-Being atas Pengaruh Locus of Control Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Perawat
Authors: Safitri Rini , Rizal Ahmad Syafi Syaifur
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran subjective well-being dalam memediasi locus of control terhadap kepuasan kerja. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada perawat Rumah Sakit Islam Fatimah Banyuwangi. Populasi pada penelitian ini sebanyak 85 perawat dengan sampel responden sebanyak 70 perawat. Metode penentuan sampel menggunakan simple random sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menyebarkan kuesioner. Pendekatan pada penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kuantitatif, pengujian hipotesis menggunakan Partial Least Square (PLS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan locus of control berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap subjective well-being ­dan kepuasan kerja, sedangkan subjective well-being tidak berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan kerja karena terdapat faktor lain yang lebih mempengaruhi kepuasan kerja perawat seperti gaji, lingkungan kerja, maupun karakteristik pekerjaan. Pada sisi lain, subjective well-being yang dimiliki perawat melekat dalam diri masing-masing dan suatu kewajiban yang harus dilakukan oleh setiap karyawan seperti bersikap baik terhadap terhadap rekan dan meningkatkan kemampuan dalam bekerja, sehingga tidak memiliki implikasi pada meningkat atau menurunnya kepuasan kerja. Oleh karena itu subjective well-being tidak berperan sebagai variabel intervening.
Co-creación desde los grafismos en camisetas de los jóvenes de la ciudad de Pereira, Colombia
Authors: Gómez-Bermeo Erika Maria , Morales-Perdomo Edwin Javier , Roldán-García Andrés Felipe
Published: January 2021

El presente artículo muestra un interés particular por la

camiseta, prenda de vestir conceptualizada como dispositivo comunicativo. El objetivo es reconocer las significaciones socioculturales y estéticas de los grafismos develados

en las camisetas de los jóvenes de la ciudad de Pereira

(Risaralda, Colombia), derivadas de las influencias gráficas a las que ellos se encuentran expuestos. Para realizar dicho proceso se emplea el enfoque cualitativo, a través de un abordaje etnográfico para la consolidación de perfiles que reflejan las significaciones del colectivo representado.

Los resultados obtenidos indicaron cuatro tipologías: 1) el uso comunicativo por marcas comerciales como prioridad, 2) la preferencia desde pregnancia a la composición de la forma, 3) el uso fundamentado en expresiones musicales, y 4) el uso desde las representaciones políticas. En conclusión, las significaciones de los grafismos de las camisetas se encuentran relacionadas a intereses comunicativos propios del contexto en el que se desenvuelven, sin embargo, los usos de estas prendas no solo están influenciadas por

factores externos de consumo, sino también por la necesidad de exponer una realidad social, política o cultural. Los ejercicios de investigación-creación cobran relevancia metodológica, tanto de la obra visual como en el proceso creativo para contribuir a la experiencia transformadora y comunicativa.
Incidencia del apego en el desempeño académico, caso de estudio: Instituto Tecnológico Industrial de Santa Rosa de Cabal (Risaralda-Colombia)
Authors: Arias-Vargas Juan Luis , López-Restrepo Elizabeth , Gallego-Correa Elizabeth
Published: January 2021

El artículo presenta los resultados de la investigación “incidencia del tipo de apego en el rendimiento académico”. Cuyo objetivo fue analizar la incidencia del tipo de apego en el rendimiento escolar en un grupo de jóvenes de 10° grado, del Instituto Tecnológico Industrial de Santa Rosa de Cabal, de municipio de Pereira

(Risaralda, Colombia). Participaron 146 adolescentes entre 16 y 20 años, de 10° grado. La investigación es de tipo cuantitativa con diseño no experimental transeccional descriptivo explicativo. Se utilizaron instrumentos como el cuestionario Camir que mide las representaciones de apego y el registro de notas parciales y globales del IV período académico de 2019. Los resultados, evidencian que no existe una relación

entre el tipo de apego y el rendimiento académico, lo que indica que es necesario profundizar, tanto a nivel teórico como empírico la relación de estas variables.
La tricícleta: una máquina de construir y deconstruir historias.
Authors: Muñoz-Galíndez Efraín , Lasso-Quilindo Cristian Alexis , Pérez-Muñoz Sandro
Published: January 2021

El deporte adaptado es un escenario que permite a las personas en situación de discapacidad mejorar su autoestima y sentirse vitales, por tanto, el presente artículo tiene como objetivo comprender cómo el ciclismo adaptado ha influenciado en la trayectoria de vida de los deportistas adscritos a la Liga Deportiva de Parálisis Cerebral del Cauca, Colombia (LIDEPACC). Se fundamenta en un enfoque cualitativo a través del método biográfico; las técnicas de recolección de datos fueron el diario de campo y la entrevista biográfica. Los datos acopiados se analizaron bajo los lineamientos de la teoría fundada. En los hallazgos emergió la categoría selectiva, La tricícleta: Una máquina de construir y deconstruir historias, donde se evidencia cómo el deporte ha contribuido para que los deportistas puedan vencer su principal obstáculo, sentirse discapacitados. Como conclusión, resalta que la discapacidad se percibe de acuerdo al contexto social donde se vive y el deporte adaptado es la mejor terapia para contribuir al saneamiento físico y psicológico.
Medios electrónicos y estado nutricional antropométrico en escolares
Authors: Márquez-Luengo Hendrick Rafael , Acosta Darío , Chourio Jorge Luis , Reverón José
Published: January 2021

A partir de la primera infancia pueden surgir modificaciones en las conductas y formas comportamentales, es decir, de actividades recreativas intensas a actividades mínimas o ligeras como mirar equipos o medios electrónicos, así como dispositivos móviles. Desde esta premisa el artículo se orienta a evaluar el uso de medios electrónicos y el estado nutricional antropométrico en estudiantes en edad escolar. Se realizó una investigación descriptiva, transeccional y de campo a una población de 120 escolares entre 7 y 12 años de un colegio privado de la ciudad de Maracaibo (Zulia, Venezuela), los cuales recibieron evaluación antropométrica, y se les aplicó un cuestionario estructurado para conocer sus percepciones en torno al uso de los medios electrónicos. La información fue procesada mediante estadística descriptiva. Los resultados evidencian en los niños valores que describen un estado antropométrico normal; así mismo, se identifican como medios electrónicos más utilizados el televisor y el computador; se concluye en la importancia de reconocer la idea de que el entorno digital y la dependencia de equipos electrónicos forman parte de la vida y la cotidianidad de los niños.
EXTENDING TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MODEL (TAM) WITH THE THEORY OF TECHNOLOGY READINESS
Authors: CİBAROĞLU Mehmet Oytun , UĞUR Naciye , TURAN Aykut
Published: January 2021

Technological developments provide numerous advantages for users, while competition conditions, investment costs, and consumer expectations make it difficult for manufacturers to hold on. Thus, research in the field of technology acceptance and dissemination has become more precious and is carefully followed not only by academics but also by the practice community. It has no sign that approved studies on integrating Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Technology Readiness Index (TRI) variables in one context and explained each other in the way of characteristics of them. In this study, it was investigated elaborately mentioned circumstances for using online attendance systems. The survey sent to 389 scholars located seven universities in Turkey. The core process for this study is exploring the Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) test. Consequently, significant combination of TAM and TRI variables and reveals the high predictive performance of TAM and TRI constructs together. Research model has been validated and found statistically significant and reached 58,6% explanation rate for Behavioral Intention.
Soil Response to Fire Frequency in the Northern Columbia Basin Sagebrush Steppe
Authors: Nichols Leslie C.
Published: January 2021

Fire is one of the most significant disturbances in an ecosystem, as it is capable of altering
the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil, and the fire frequency in semi-arid
ecosystems is increasing. These changes can potentially alter plant-soil feedbacks that may affect
post-fire recovery of the native plant and soil communities and lead to an ecosystem state change.
However, there is much uncertainty about the magnitude of change as soils are exposed to more fires,
because soil recovery and changes in fire severity following a first fire mediate the impact of
successive fires on soil properties. To improve understanding of fire frequency effects on the soil
ecology of the northern Columbia Basin sagebrush steppe ecosystem, this study assessed the physical,
chemical and biological properties of soil that are critical to plant communities (e.g. soil pH, C
and N, respiration and extracellular enzyme activity) from four different fire frequencies (unburned,
burned once, twice, and thrice). Our study yielded three main results: 1) fire reduced the soil C
concentration relative to unburned soil, but only when soil was exposed to fire once, 2) soil pH
and NO3--N increased with fire frequency, whereas enzyme activity decreased, and 3) soil
organic matter contents and microbial respiration were suppressed significantly in the once and thrice burned soils compared to the unburned and twice burned soils. Taken together, our findings suggest that a one-time fire in this region of the sagebrush steppe is capable of significantly changing soil properties that alter plant-soil feedbacks and hinder ecosystem resilience, thus contributing to ecosystem change particularly when fire frequency increases.
FLOW DYNAMICS OF LID-DRIVEN CAVITIES WITH OBSTACLES OF VARIOUS SHAPES AND CONFIGURATIONS USING THE LATTICE BOLTZMANN METHOD
Authors: RAJAN Isac , PERUMAL D. Arumuga
Published: January 2021

This work implements the emerging computational technique namely the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) to a fluid flow problem of single sided lid-driven cavities with various shapes of obstacles placed in it. The numerical methodology employs the Single-Relaxation-Time (SRT) model applicable to low Mach number hydrodynamic problem for incompressible flow regime. Three geometrical shapes of the obstacles considered are circular, square, and elliptic. Cavity with obstacles exhibited remarkable circulation zones and structures in contrast to the classical lid driven cavity. The flow mechanics and the vortex dynamics are studied for various values of Reynolds Number (Re = 100, 400, and 1000). Due to the introduction of the obstacles, a strong induced vortex forms close to the obstacles and its size changes interestingly with the variation of Reynolds number, which is captured by LBM. Further the study is extended to examine the vortex phenomena induced by changing the position of the obstacles within the cavity. It is observed that the flow structures change dramatically with little change in the position of obstacle inside the cavity which helps to identify position with enhanced mixing characteristics.
The impact of occurrence of tinnitus in first degree relatives on the severity of disease among subjects
Authors: T. J. Mosanya , T. Yusuf , A. Daniel , O. A. Ogundoyin , P. A. Onakoya , A. A. Adeosun , K. G. AbdulWasiu-Idowu , B. O. Yusuf , J. O. Adeolu , W. A. Adedeji , I. Musa , J. O. Ijitola , T. J. Lasisi , Lasisi Akeem O.
Published: January 2021

Background: The aetiology of tinnitus and the factors that contribute to the exacerbation from mild to severe tinnitus are poorly known. Particularly, a role of genetics has been proposed for tinnitus, although this has not been conclusive. In order to establish a possible role for heritability in our population, we explored the history of tinnitus among first degree family members of those suffering from tinnitus using cross-sectional community-based strategy.

Methods: There were 300 subjects with idiopathic tinnitus with mean (±SD) age of 51.88 (±15.11, range=19-80 years) comprising 169 males and 131 females.  

Results: Tinnitus was severe in 37.9% and bilateral in 65.1% while 26.6% reported having family members with history of tinnitus. TInnitus was significantly more severe (p<0.001) and more frequent (p<0.001); and the psychological distress related to tinnitus (p<0.001) measured by the mini-TQ was worse among those with family history compared to those without. Bivariate analysis reveals that the presence of tinnitus in other family members, occurrence of tinnitus for more than 3 months (p=0.003), increasing age (0.001) and higher mean mini-TQ scores (0.001) showed significant association with severity of tinnitus. Logistic regression reveals that presence of tinnitus in other family members increases the odds of frequency of tinnitus by 5.08 (95% CI=1.70-15.12), elevates the mean scores of the mini-TQ by 1.31 (95% CI=1.20-1.44) while increasing age greater than 50 years increases the odds of severity of disease by 2.81 (95%CI=1.59-4.94).

Conclusions: We conclude that the findings of significant correlation between presence of tinnitus in first degree relatives and severity of tinnitus among the subjects provides an empirical evidence to explore a possible genetic aetiology for severe tinnitus in our population.
Patient education on nasal spray technique for allergic rhinitis
Authors: Nasir Fauziah B. , Mann Balwinder S.
Published: January 2021

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common condition worldwide. Intranasal corticosteroid spray (INCS) is the mainstream and effective first line monotherapy treatment of AR. However, the efficacy of INCS may be dependent on factors such as the patient’s compliance and delivery technique of the nasal spray. The correct delivery technique of INCS depends on the adequacy of patient education. Hence, our study was conducted to assess the benefit of the different methods of patient education and the best method of patient education on INCS usage technique. Objectives of the study were to determine if proper education in the usage of ICNS affected the treatment of AR and to determine the best teaching method of nasal spray technique using both subjective and objective methods of assessment.

Methods: This is a prospective study that was performed over 2 years duration from the year 2017 until 2019. A total of 96 patients were recruited based on our inclusion and exclusion criteria. The effectiveness of the different methods of teaching were determined both subjectively by total nasal symptom score (TNSS) and objectively using Rhinomanometry test. The teachings method became increasingly more comprehensive as compared to the previous visit. Assessment was done every six weeklies for 4 times after each teaching methods of nasal spray usage on each visit. All Rhinometry test and patients follow up of was done by the same surgeon.

Results: There was statistically significant improvement (p<0.05) in patients symptoms based on the nasal resistance and TNSS with more comprehensive method of teaching nasal spray.

Conclusions: Our study showed the importance of educating patient regarding the use of INCS. Both objective and subjective assessment of improvement after each method of patient education showed statistically significant outcome.
Predictive prevalence of asthma in children with allergic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Remson Merwin Paul , Krishnamoorthy Srinivasan , Kandasamy Shobha
Published: January 2021

Background: Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases of childhood. In India - prevalence is 10% to 15% in 5-11 year old children according to the World Health Organization (WHO) statistics. Many of these children go on to develop asthma but the ability to predict school-age asthma based on early life characteristics is currently limited. Early identification of these children at risk will help in reducing respiratory complications later in life. Asthma predictive index (API) - one of the first rule-based predictive models for early identification of children at high risk of subsequent asthma was described by Castro-Rodríguez et al based on the Tucson children’s respiratory study. Objectives of the study were to predict the prevalence of subsequent development of asthma in children with allergic rhinosinusitis using modified asthma predictive index (mAPI).

Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was done in 100 children of age ≤3 years of either gender who visited department of ENT, Saveetha Medical College. Demographic details and the mAPI questionnaire filled by the parent were obtained.  

Results: Thirteen percent of the children had positive mAPI score, of which 14% (n=8) were male and 12% (n=5) were female children. Majority of them 77% had positive major criteria and 23% of them had positive minor criteria. Our study shows that 13% of these children who were included in the study will most likely develop asthma in their childhood and adult years.

Conclusions: A positive mAPI substantially increases probability of future asthma. mAPI’s high predictive ability after a positive test can have clinical value for identifying children at risk of asthma. This study may help clinicians better to identify these at-risk children.
Level IIb involvement in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Patni Parth , Dalmia Deepak , Davange Narsinha , Bhagavan Karthika , Palwade Amit , Goyal Rizul
Published: January 2021

Background: Cervical lymph node status is the most significant prognostic factor in the treatment of patients with OSCC. Adequate clearance of level IIb lymph nodes require traction and elevation of the spinal accessory nerve (SAN) and can lead to consequent shoulder problems.Therefore, avoiding the dissection of level IIb has been increasingly proposed to overcome this complication. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of level IIb metastasis in patients with oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs).

Methods: A total of 106 newly diagnosed oral cavity cancer patients requiring surgery as the primary modality were included in the study. Preoperative clinical examinations were done and tumor-node-metastasis staging was noted. Intraoperative, level IIb nodal tissue was dissected and sent separately.

Results: A total of 106 neck dissections were done out of which male: female ratio of 2.78:1. 49.05% patients were suffering from buccal mucosa carcinoma followed by tongue carcinoma (22.64%). 52.83% of patients had no neck involvement. Among neck positive cases, pN1 was the most common presentation. Out of these, only 8 (7.54%) neck dissections had level IIb positive.

Conclusions: Dissection of the level IIb region in patients with OSCC may be required only in cases with advanced N stage, positive level IIa lymph nodes, and extra capsular spread. Further evaluation can be done among various subsites of OSCC, clinical staging of tumour, occult bilateral nodal metastasis to assess the need of resection of level IIb in OSCC.
A study to assess hearing improvement after fat graft myringoplasty
Authors: Midha Nupur , Singh Gurbax , Dhingra Rachna , Kaur Rajwant
Published: January 2021

Background: Tympanic membrane perforations result mainly from infectious and traumatic etiologies. Postoperative outcomes of reconstructive surgeries of hearing mechanism have routinely been assessed by take up rates and air bone gap closure on pure tone testing. The present study was conducted to assess hearing improvement after fat graft myringoplasty.

Methods: The present prospective study was conducted from 1st January 2017 to 30th June 2018. The study population consists of patients of age 18 to 60 years. The subjects with safe or tubotympanic type of chronic suppurative otitis media with small dry central perforation or perforation of the pars tensa less than 3 mm were included in the study. Pure tone audiometry (PTA) was consigned to an audiologist who was blind to the study. Air conduction threshold level was measured at frequencies 0.25 to 8 kHz and bone conduction threshold level was measured at frequencies 0.5 to 4 kHz; average air bone gap of each patient was calculated preoperatively and postoperatively at one and three months at the frequencies 500 Hz, 1000 Hz and 2000 Hz.  

Results: Among 30 patients, 15 (50.00%) had pre-operative bone conduction threshold in the range of 0-10 dB HL and rest 15 (50.00%) had between 11-20 dB HL. Majority of them i.e. 20 had post-operative air bone gap in the range of 0-10 dB HL whereas 02 had pre op air bone gap in this range, followed by 07 with air bone gap in the range of 11-20 dB HL as compared to 18 in the pre op and 03 in the range of 21-30 dB HL as compared to 10 in the pre op. Paired t test reveals results are significant.

Conclusions: Postoperative audiometry at the end of 1 month revealed majority i.e. 14 had air bone gap in range of 0-10 dB HL thus showing improvement in hearing. Postoperative audiometry at the end of 3 months revealed maximum number of patients i.e. 20 in the range of 0-10 dB HL which showed further improvement in hearing in the form of decrease in air bone gap.

 
A prospective study on pattern of microbes in chronic suppurative otitis media
Authors: Haq Ajaz U. , Dogra Rishabh , Arora Kanika , Anjum Fatma
Published: January 2021

Background: Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a common chronic ear disease causing serious local damage and complications. Irrational use of antibiotics for its management has led to the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains. This study was conducted to find out the microbial profile and their antimicrobial sensitivity patterns in CSOM patients in Garhwal belt.

Methods: A total number of 100 patients of clinically diagnosed CSOM were enrolled over the duration of 1 year. Ear discharge was collected using sterile swabs and processed for the identification of aerobes, anaerobes and fungal isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the isolates was performed.  

Results: Maximum incidence of CSOM was observed in patients of 10–20 years age group with female preponderance. Decreased hearing was the main associated symptom. Out of 100 swabs, microbial growth was obtained in 88 samples amongst which 61 had monomicrobial growth while 39 had polymicrobial growth. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common isolate. Amikacin showed maximum activity to most of the isolates.

Conclusions: Evaluation of microbes and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern in local area becomes helpful in prescribing empirical treatment for successful cure of CSOM.
Our experience with topical 5 fluoro uracil in sinonasal neoplasia
Authors: Sanyal Shaoni Dhole , Biswas Debashis , Raychowdhury Ranjan
Published: January 2021

Sino-nasal neoplasms account for 3% of all head and neck cancers. Adenocarcinoma of the paranasal sinuses accounts for 9% of all sino-nasal malignancies and is the most common malignancy of the ethmoid sinus. Other neoplasms which involve the ethmoidal sinuses include inverted papilloma and squamous cell carcinoma. Traditionally, the treatment of choice for an adenocarcinoma of the ethmoidal sinuses involved craniofacial resection. This procedure is related with high rates of mortality and morbidity. Knegt et al reported greater success, both in terms of clinical outcome and survival data, with a less aggressive surgical approach coupled with repeated topical 5 fluorouracil (5FU) applications as a chemotherapeutic agent. Over the last 10 years we have treated selected cases of sinonasal neoplasia with a protocol similar to Knegt. Two (adenocarcinoma and inverted papilloma) of our four cases remain well and are on follow-up. The other two (undifferentiated carcinoma) were lost to follow-up. The rarity of sino-nasal neoplasms make them an unlikely subject for a randomised control trial. With that in mind surgical debridement and topical 5 fluorouracil seems to offer an acceptable treatment for adenocarcinoma of the sinonasal tract in properly selected cases. It may also have a role in Squamous cell carcinoma of ethmoidal or maxillary sinus and in preventing recurrence of inverted papilloma.