bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Source Attribution and Process Analysis of Summertime Ozone Pollution in Guanzhong Basin, Northwestern China
Authors: Yan Yu , Shi Wenbin , Wang Cong , Chen Youfan
Published: November 2023

The adverse effects of the transportation of O3 and its precursors on local air quality under certain meteorological conditions has long been recognized. Previous studies covered the effects of their transport without distinguishing specific forms (direct transport, via air pollutants originating from emissions outside the target regions; indirect transport, via air pollutants generated from chemical reactions between local and outside precursors) and processes (chemical and physical). This study aimed to figure out the effects of different scales of emissions on O3 pollution in the Guanzhong basin (GZB) by quantifying the forms and processes of transport using the CAMx model. The results showed that the emissions on different scales had various pathways for influencing O3 formation under two polluted, synoptic circulation types (southeast high and northeast ridge). Under the southeast high type, the meteorological conditions favored the chemical production of O3, which led to the highest local O3 contributions from the GZB. The prominent cross-regional transport was positive for indirect transport from south Shaanxi, implying the synergistic impacts of biogenic VOCs and urban pollutants in the GZB. With the southerly winds in the GZB, the downwind cities of Xi’an were impacted by positive direct and indirect transport from the emissions of Xi’an. These impacts occurred through the processes of gas-phase chemistry (especially O3P + O2 and O3 + NO) and vertical advection. For the northeast ridge type, positive direct transport from the emissions of Henan Province was important for O3 pollution in the GZB, as there were remarkable easterly airflows. From the east to the west of the GZB, the impacts from the emissions from Henan Province on cities in the GZB were reduced, which occurred through the processes of horizontal advection and vertical dispersion. This work highlights significant differences in the forms and processes of O3 formation in downwind areas impacted by the emissions from different-scale emissions, and advances our knowledge of atmospheric pollutant transport and its impact on O3 pollution.
Elasticity Problem with a Cusp between Thin Inclusion and Boundary
Authors: Khludnev Alexander
Published: November 2023

This paper concerns an equilibrium problem for an an elastic body with a thin rigid inclusion crossing an external boundary of the body at zero angle. The inclusion is assumed to be exfoliated from the surrounding elastic material that provides an interfacial crack. To avoid nonphysical interpenetration of the opposite crack faces, we impose inequality type constraints. Moreover, boundary conditions at the crack faces depend on a positive parameter describing a cohesion. A solution existence of the problem with different conditions on the external boundary is proved. Passages to the limit are analyzed as the damage parameter tends to infinity and to zero. Finally, an optimal control problem with a suitable cost functional is investigated. In this case, a part of the rigid inclusion is located outside of the elastic body, and a control function is a shape of the inclusion.
Spatiotemporal Dynamics of a Diffusive Immunosuppressive Infection Model with Nonlocal Competition and Crowley–Martin Functional Response
Authors: Xue Yuan , Xu Jinli , Ding Yuting
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we introduce the Crowley–Martin functional response and nonlocal competition into a reaction–diffusion immunosuppressive infection model. First, we analyze the existence and stability of the positive constant steady states of the systems with nonlocal competition and local competition, respectively. Second, we deduce the conditions for the occurrence of Turing, Hopf, and Turing–Hopf bifurcations of the system with nonlocal competition, as well as the conditions for the occurrence of Hopf bifurcations of the system with local competition. Furthermore, we employ the multiple time scales method to derive the normal forms of the Hopf bifurcations reduced on the center manifold for both systems. Finally, we conduct numerical simulations for both systems under the same parameter settings, compare the impact of nonlocal competition, and find that the nonlocal term can induce spatially inhomogeneous stable periodic solutions. We also provide corresponding biological explanations for the simulation results.
Achieving Stable Copper Ion Storage in Layered Vanadium Pentoxide
Authors: Jiang Yan , Lu Jun , Xiang Ao , Zhang Xiangguang , Liu Dahui , Yang Ze , Hu Pei
Published: November 2023

Copper metal is a promising anode in aqueous batteries due to its low price, noble reaction potential (0.34 V), high theoretical specific capacity, abundance and chemical stability. However, only a few copper ion storage materials have been reported. Herein, layered vanadium pentoxide is chosen to store copper ions for the first time. Ex situ XRD reveals a unique two phase transition process during cycling. The V2O5 electrode shows stable copper ion storage performance. It delivers 91.9 mAh g−1 for the first cycle with a cycle life of as high as 4000 cycles at 1.0 A g−1. This work provides an intriguing copper ion storage material and expands the available options of electrode materials for copper ion storage.
Teeth Microcracks Research: Towards Multi-Modal Imaging
Authors: Dumbryte Irma , Narbutis Donatas , Androulidaki Maria , Vailionis Arturas , Juodkazis Saulius , Malinauskas Mangirdas
Published: November 2023

This perspective is an overview of the recent advances in teeth microcrack (MC) research, where there is a clear tendency towards a shift from two-dimensional (2D) to three-dimensional (3D) examination techniques, enhanced with artificial intelligence models for data processing and image acquisition. X-ray micro-computed tomography combined with machine learning allows 3D characterization of all spatially resolved cracks, despite the locations within the tooth in which they begin and extend, and the arrangement of MCs and their structural properties. With photoluminescence and micro-/nano-Raman spectroscopy, optical properties and chemical and elemental composition of the material can be evaluated, thus helping to assess the structural integrity of the tooth at the MC site. Approaching tooth samples having cracks from different perspectives and using complementary laboratory techniques, there is a natural progression from 3D to multi-modal imaging, where the volumetric (passive: dimensions) information of the tooth sample can be supplemented by dynamic (active: composition, interaction) image data. Revelation of tooth cracks clearly shows the need to re-assess the role of these MCs and their effect on the structural integrity and longevity of the tooth. This provides insight into the nature of cracks in natural hard materials and contributes to a better understanding of how bio-inspired structures could be designed to foresee crack propagation in biosolids.
Artificial Intelligence Applications for Osteoporosis Classification Using Computed Tomography
Authors: Ong Wilson , Liu Ren Wei , Makmur Andrew , Low Xi Zhen , Sng Weizhong Jonathan , Tan Jiong Hao , Kumar Naresh , Hallinan James Thomas Patrick Decourcy
Published: November 2023

Osteoporosis, marked by low bone mineral density (BMD) and a high fracture risk, is a major health issue. Recent progress in medical imaging, especially CT scans, offers new ways of diagnosing and assessing osteoporosis. This review examines the use of AI analysis of CT scans to stratify BMD and diagnose osteoporosis. By summarizing the relevant studies, we aimed to assess the effectiveness, constraints, and potential impact of AI-based osteoporosis classification (severity) via CT. A systematic search of electronic databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov) was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A total of 39 articles were retrieved from the databases, and the key findings were compiled and summarized, including the regions analyzed, the type of CT imaging, and their efficacy in predicting BMD compared with conventional DXA studies. Important considerations and limitations are also discussed. The overall reported accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of AI in classifying osteoporosis using CT images ranged from 61.8% to 99.4%, 41.0% to 100.0%, and 31.0% to 100.0% respectively, with areas under the curve (AUCs) ranging from 0.582 to 0.994. While additional research is necessary to validate the clinical efficacy and reproducibility of these AI tools before incorporating them into routine clinical practice, these studies demonstrate the promising potential of using CT to opportunistically predict and classify osteoporosis without the need for DEXA.
SLC16a6, mTORC1, and Autophagy Regulate Ketone Body Excretion in the Intestinal Cells
Authors: Uebanso Takashi , Fukui Moeka , Naito Chisato , Shimohata Takaaki , Mawatari Kazuaki , Takahashi Akira
Published: November 2023

Ketone bodies serve several functions in the intestinal epithelium, such as stem cell maintenance, cell proliferation and differentiation, and cancer growth. Nevertheless, there is limited understanding of the mechanisms governing the regulation of intestinal ketone body concentration. In this study, we elucidated the factors responsible for ketone body production and excretion using shRNA-mediated or pharmacological inhibition of specific genes or functions in the intestinal cells. We revealed that a fasting-mimicked culture medium, which excluded glucose, pyruvate, and glutamine, augmented ketone body production and excretion in the Caco2 and HT29 colorectal cells. This effect was attenuated by glucose or glutamine supplementation. On the other hand, the inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex1 (mTORC1) recovered a fraction of the excreted ketone bodies. In addition, the pharmacological or shbeclin1-mediated inhibition of autophagy suppressed ketone body excretion. The knockdown of basigin, a transmembrane protein responsible for targeting monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs), such as MCT1 and MCT4, suppressed lactic acid and pyruvic acid excretion but increased ketone body excretion. Finally, we found that MCT7 (SLC16a6) knockdown suppressed ketone body excretion. Our findings indicate that the mTORC1–autophagy axis and MCT7 are potential targets to regulate ketone body excretion from the intestinal epithelium.
Introduction of Plant Transposon Annotation for Beginners
Authors: Gao Dongying
Published: November 2023

Transposons are mobile DNA sequences that contribute large fractions of many plant genomes. They provide exclusive resources for tracking gene and genome evolution and for developing molecular tools for basic and applied research. Despite extensive efforts, it is still challenging to accurately annotate transposons, especially for beginners, as transposon prediction requires necessary expertise in both transposon biology and bioinformatics. Moreover, the complexity of plant genomes and the dynamic evolution of transposons also bring difficulties for genome-wide transposon discovery. This review summarizes the three major strategies for transposon detection including repeat-based, structure-based, and homology-based annotation, and introduces the transposon superfamilies identified in plants thus far, and some related bioinformatics resources for detecting plant transposons. Furthermore, it describes transposon classification and explains why the terms ‘autonomous’ and ‘non-autonomous’ cannot be used to classify the superfamilies of transposons. Lastly, this review also discusses how to identify misannotated transposons and improve the quality of the transposon database. This review provides helpful information about plant transposons and a beginner’s guide on annotating these repetitive sequences.
The Effect of Pollen on Coral Health
Authors: Barker Triona , Bulling Mark , Thomas Vincent , Sweet Michael
Published: November 2023

Corals are facing a range of threats, including rises in sea surface temperature and ocean acidification. Some now argue that keeping corals ex situ (in aquaria), may be not only important but necessary to prevent local extinction, for example in the Florida Reef Tract. Such collections or are already becoming common place, especially in the Caribbean, and may act as an ark, preserving and growing rare or endangered species in years to come. However, corals housed in aquaria face their own unique set of threats. For example, hobbyists (who have housed corals for decades) have noticed seasonal mortality is commonplace, incidentally following months of peak pollen production. So, could corals suffer from hay fever? If so, what does the future hold? In short, the answer to the first question is simple, and it is no, corals cannot suffer from hay fever, primarily because corals lack an adaptive immune system, which is necessary for the diagnosis of such an allergy. However, the threat from pollen could still be real. In this review, we explore how such seasonal mortality could play out. We explore increases in reactive oxygen species, the role of additional nutrients and how the microbiome of the pollen may introduce disease or cause dysbiosis in the holobiont.
Short-Term Exposure to Nitrogen Dioxide Modifies Genetic Predisposition in Blood Lipid and Fasting Plasma Glucose: A Pedigree-Based Study
Authors: Guo Huangda , Wang Mengying , Ye Ying , Huang Chunlan , Wang Siyue , Peng Hexiang , Wang Xueheng , Fan Meng , Hou Tianjiao , Wu Xiaoling , Huang Xiaoming , Yan Yansheng , Zheng Kuicheng , Wu Tao , Li Liming
Published: November 2023

(1) Background: Previous studies suggest that exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) has a negative impact on health. But few studies have explored the association between NO2 and blood lipids or fasting plasma glucose (FPG), as well as gene–air pollution interactions. This study aims to fill this knowledge gap based on a pedigree cohort in southern China. (2) Methods: Employing a pedigree-based design, 1563 individuals from 452 families participated in this study. Serum levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), and FPG were measured. We investigated the associations between short-term NO2 exposure and lipid profiles or FPG using linear mixed regression models. The genotype–environment interaction (GenoXE) for each trait was estimated using variance component models. (3) Results: NO2 was inversely associated with HDLC but directly associated with TG and FPG. The results showed that each 1 μg/m3 increase in NO2 on day lag0 corresponded to a 1.926% (95%CI: 1.428–2.421%) decrease in HDLC and a 1.400% (95%CI: 0.341–2.470%) increase in FPG. Moreover, we observed a significant genotype–NO2 interaction with HDLC and FPG. (4) Conclusion: This study highlighted the association between NO2 exposure and blood lipid profiles or FPG. Additionally, our investigation suggested the presence of genotype–NO2 interactions in HDLC and FPG, indicating potential loci-specific interaction effects. These findings have the potential to inform and enhance the interpretation of studies that are focused on specific gene–environment interactions.
An Interpretable Classification Model Using Gluten-Specific TCR Sequences Shows Diagnostic Potential in Coeliac Disease
Authors: Fowler Anna , FitzPatrick Michael , Shanmugarasa Aberami , Ibrahim Amro Sayed Fadel , Kockelbergh Hannah , Yang Han-Chieh , Williams-Walker Amelia , Luu Hoang Kim Ngan , Evans Shelley , Provine Nicholas , Klenerman Paul , Soilleux Elizabeth J.
Published: November 2023

Coeliac disease (CeD) is a T-cell mediated enteropathy triggered by dietary gluten which remains substantially under-diagnosed around the world. The diagnostic gold-standard requires histological assessment of intestinal biopsies taken at endoscopy while consuming a gluten-containing diet. However, there is a lack of concordance between pathologists in histological assessment, and both endoscopy and gluten challenge are burdensome and unpleasant for patients. Identification of gluten-specific T-cell receptors (TCRs) in the TCR repertoire could provide a less subjective diagnostic test, and potentially remove the need to consume gluten. We review published gluten-specific TCR sequences, and develop an interpretable machine learning model to investigate their diagnostic potential. To investigate this, we sequenced the TCR repertoires of mucosal CD4+ T cells from 20 patients with and without CeD. These data were used as a training dataset to develop the model, then an independently published dataset of 20 patients was used as the testing dataset. We determined that this model has a training accuracy of 100% and testing accuracy of 80% for the diagnosis of CeD, including in patients on a gluten-free diet (GFD). We identified 20 CD4+ TCR sequences with the highest diagnostic potential for CeD. The sequences identified here have the potential to provide an objective diagnostic test for CeD, which does not require the consumption of gluten.
Improved Physiochemical Properties of Chitosan@PCL Nerve Conduits by Natural Molecule Crosslinking
Authors: Bianchini Marta , Zinno Ciro , Micera Silvestro , Redolfi Riva Eugenio
Published: November 2023

Nerve conduits may represent a valuable alternative to autograft for the regeneration of long-gap damages. However, no NCs have currently reached market approval for the regeneration of limiting gap lesions, which still represents the very bottleneck of this technology. In recent years, a strong effort has been made to envision an engineered graft to tackle this issue. In our recent work, we presented a novel design of porous/3D-printed chitosan/poly-ε-caprolactone conduits, coupling freeze drying and additive manufacturing technologies to yield conduits with good structural properties. In this work, we studied genipin crosslinking as strategy to improve the physiochemical properties of our conduit. Genipin is a natural molecule with very low toxicity that has been used to crosslink chitosan porous matrix by binding the primary amino group of chitosan chains. Our characterization evidenced a stabilizing effect of genipin crosslinking towards the chitosan matrix, with reported modified porosity and ameliorated mechanical properties. Given the reported results, this method has the potential to improve the performance of our conduits for the regeneration of long-gap nerve injuries.
Metabolic Modulators in Cardiovascular Complications of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Miñano Sofía , González-Correa Cristina , Moleón Javier , Duarte Juan
Published: November 2023

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multifactorial disorder with contributions from hormones, genetics, and the environment, predominantly affecting young women. Cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of mortality in SLE, and hypertension is more prevalent among SLE patients. The dysregulation of both innate and adaptive immune cells in SLE, along with their infiltration into kidney and vascular tissues, is a pivotal factor contributing to the cardiovascular complications associated with SLE. The activation, proliferation, and differentiation of CD4+ T cells are intricately governed by cellular metabolism. Numerous metabolic inhibitors have been identified to target critical nodes in T cell metabolism. This review explores the existing evidence and knowledge gaps concerning whether the beneficial effects of metabolic modulators on autoimmunity, hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, and renal injury in lupus result from the restoration of a balanced immune system. The inhibition of glycolysis, mitochondrial metabolism, or mTORC1 has been found to improve endothelial dysfunction and prevent the development of hypertension in mouse models of SLE. Nevertheless, limited information is available regarding the potential vasculo-protective effects of drugs that act on immunometabolism in SLE patients.
The Role of the Microbiome in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis—A Literature Review
Authors: Świrkosz Gabriela , Szczygieł Aleksandra , Logoń Katarzyna , Wrześniewska Martyna , Gomułka Krzysztof
Published: November 2023

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease affecting the colon and rectum. UC’s pathogenesis involves colonic epithelial cell abnormalities and mucosal barrier dysfunction, leading to recurrent mucosal inflammation. The purpose of the article is to show the complex interplay between ulcerative colitis and the microbiome. The literature search was conducted using the PubMed database. After a screening process of studies published before October 2023, a total of 136 articles were selected. It has been discovered that there is a fundamental correlation of a robust intestinal microbiota and the preservation of gastrointestinal health. Dysbiosis poses a grave risk to the host organism. It renders the host susceptible to infections and has been linked to the pathogenesis of chronic diseases, with particular relevance to conditions such as ulcerative colitis. Current therapeutic strategies for UC involve medications such as aminosalicylic acids, glucocorticoids, and immunosuppressive agents, although recent breakthroughs in monoclonal antibody therapies have significantly improved UC treatment. Furthermore, modulating the gut microbiome with specific compounds and probiotics holds potential for inflammation reduction, while fecal microbiota transplantation shows promise for alleviating UC symptoms. This review provides an overview of the gut microbiome’s role in UC pathogenesis and treatment, emphasizing areas for further research.
Interactions between Glycine and Glutamate through Activation of Their Transporters in Hippocampal Nerve Terminals
Authors: Cortese Katia , Gagliani Maria Cristina , Raiteri Luca
Published: November 2023

Evidence supports the pathophysiological relevance of crosstalk between the neurotransmitters Glycine and Glutamate and their close interactions; some reports even support the possibility of Glycine–Glutamate cotransmission in central nervous system (CNS) areas, including the hippocampus. Functional studies with isolated nerve terminals (synaptosomes) permit us to study transporter-mediated interactions between neurotransmitters that lead to the regulation of transmitter release. Our main aims here were: (i) to investigate release-regulating, transporter-mediated interactions between Glycine and Glutamate in hippocampal nerve terminals and (ii) to determine the coexistence of transporters for Glycine and Glutamate in these terminals. Purified synaptosomes, analyzed at the ultrastructural level via electron microscopy, were used as the experimental model. Mouse hippocampal synaptosomes were prelabeled with [3H]D-Aspartate or [3H]Glycine; the release of radiolabeled tracers was monitored with the superfusion technique. The main findings were that (i) exogenous Glycine stimulated [3H]D-Aspartate release, partly by activation of GlyT1 and in part, unusually, through GlyT2 transporters and that (ii) D-Aspartate stimulated [3H]glycine release by a process that was sensitive to Glutamate transporter blockers. Based on the features of the experimental model used, it is suggested that functional transporters for Glutamate and Glycine coexist in a small subset of hippocampal nerve terminals, a condition that may also be compatible with cotransmission; glycinergic and glutamatergic transporters exhibit different functions and mediate interactions between the neurotransmitters. It is hoped that increased information on Glutamate–Glycine interactions in different areas, including the hippocampus, will contribute to a better knowledge of drugs acting at “glycinergic” targets, currently under study in relation with different CNS pathologies.
Preventive Therapies in Peripheral Arterial Disease
Authors: Shah Aangi J. , Pavlatos Nicholas , Kalra Dinesh K.
Published: November 2023

Atherosclerosis, while initially deemed a bland proliferative process, is now recognized as a multifactorial-lipoprotein-mediated inflammation-driven pathway. With the rising incidence of atherosclerotic disease of the lower extremity arteries, the healthcare burden and clinical morbidity and mortality due to peripheral artery disease (PAD) are currently escalating. With a healthcare cost burden of over 21 billion USD and 200 million patients afflicted worldwide, accurate knowledge regarding the pathophysiology, presentation, and diagnosis of the disease is crucial. The role of lipoproteins and their remnants in atherosclerotic vessel occlusion and plaque formation and progression has been long established. This review paper discusses the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and presentation of PAD. PAD has been repeatedly noted to portend to poor cardiovascular and limb outcomes. We discuss major therapeutic avenues for the prevention of major cardiovascular adverse events and major limb adverse events in patients with PAD.
Enhanced Dynamic Laterality Based on Functional Subnetworks in Patients with Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Li Dandan , Hao Jiangping , Hao Jianchao , Cui Xiaohong , Niu Yan , Xiang Jie , Wang Bin
Published: November 2023

An ocean of studies have pointed to abnormal brain laterality changes in patients with bipolar disorder (BD). Determining the altered brain lateralization will help us to explore the pathogenesis of BD. Our study will fill the gap in the study of the dynamic changes of brain laterality in BD patients and thus provide new insights into BD research. In this work, we used fMRI data from 48 BD patients and 48 normal controls (NC). We constructed the dynamic laterality time series by extracting the dynamic laterality index (DLI) at each sliding window. We then used k-means clustering to partition the laterality states and the Arenas–Fernandez–Gomez (AFG) community detection algorithm to determine the number of states. We characterized subjects’ laterality characteristics using the mean laterality index (MLI) and laterality fluctuation (LF). Compared with NC, in all windows and state 1, BD patients showed higher MLI in the attention network (AN) of the right hemisphere, and AN in the left hemisphere showed more frequent laterality fluctuations. AN in the left hemisphere of BD patients showed higher MLI in all windows and state 3 compared to NC. In addition, in the AN of the right hemisphere in state 1, higher MLI in BD patients was significantly associated with patient symptoms. Our study provides new insights into the understanding of BD neuropathology in terms of brain dynamic laterality.
Intergroup Contact Is Associated with Less Negative Attitude toward Women Managers: The Bolstering Effect of Social Dominance Orientation
Authors: Contu Federico , Tesi Alessio , Aiello Antonio
Published: November 2023

This cross-sectional study examined the intergroup contact hypothesis in the workplace by enrolling 150 Italian employees. Within the framework of social dominance theory, the purpose of this study was to test the assumption that individuals with higher levels of social dominance orientation are more likely to exhibit prejudice against women in managerial positions and benefit more from intergroup contact with a female supervisor. In particular, we found that individuals with higher levels of social dominance orientation exhibited more negative attitudes towards women in manager positions, but this effect only appeared when their superiors were women, as opposed to men. In addition, participants with higher social dominance orientation experienced more positive outcomes from intergroup contact, resulting in less negative attitudes toward women managers, than those with lower social dominance orientation. Overall, these findings yield insights into how intergroup contact affects individuals with prejudice tendencies, indicating that contact with the targeted group (i.e., women in managerial positions) is negatively associated with negative attitudes towards the group, even when the prejudice is driven by social dominance orientation. These results could shed light on new routes to design practical intervention aimed at solving prejudice towards women in leadership roles.
The Composition and Performance of Iron Ore Tailings in Steel Slag-Based Autoclaved Aerated Concrete
Authors: Zhou Hao , Jiang Yang , Wang Jiaqing , Zhang Houhu , Qian Binbin , Ma Bing , Hu Yueyang
Published: November 2023

Iron ore tailings (IOTs) are byproducts of the iron mining industry that have gained significant attention in recent years due to their potential for comprehensive utilization. This study investigates how blending steel slag with IOTs (a siliceous raw material) instead of lime (a calcareous raw material) affects slurry foaming properties, mechanical properties, and reaction mechanisms of autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC). The results indicate that the sample containing 24% IOT content exhibited the best performance, with a bulk density of 640 kg/m3 and a compressive strength of 4.1 MPa. In addition, IOTs not only served as a filling material but also acted as a carrier for the growth of tobermorite. Tobermorite was combined with the unreacted iron tailing and its neighboring tobermorite to form a cohesive whole. This study provides valuable insights into the potential for IOTs to improve the properties of AAC when used as a supplementary material. The findings also suggest that the comprehensive utilization of IOTs and other industrial byproducts have the potential to contribute to the development of sustainable building materials and reduce the environmental impact of the mining industry.
Full-Scale Assessment of Seismic and Wind Load Performance in the Design of a Flexible Solar-Shading Double-Skin Façade
Authors: Pérez-Fenoy José , Rivera-Gómez Carlos , Roa-Fernández Jorge , Galán-Marín Carmen
Published: November 2023

Cable-supported façades represent a novel approach in the design and technology of double skin façades (DSFs). This type of system not only offers flexibility in terms of exterior finishes, but also regulates the access of solar radiation, thereby transforming the appearance of the building in response to varying daylight conditions. However, the structural performance of these façades under wind, impact, and seismic loads remains an active area of research. The study is a groundbreaking work that experimentally evaluates the wind and seismic behaviour of these type of façades. The methodology used for the evaluation of flexible masonry facades includes laboratory tests analysing the individual capacity of the connections and materials of the system under standardized and non-standardized procedures. A full-scale experimental sub-assembly specimen of a representative module of the façade is also subjected to uniformly distributed pressures of wind load tests, as well as hard body and soft body impact tests. The setup considered the border conditions, tension loads, and actual materials. Furthermore, the earthquake assessment includes tests of full-scale specimens subjected to these demands. The results show up to 30% enhanced performance relative to similar systems reported in the literature. Furthermore, research findings facilitated the refinement and redesign of the system components, thereby validating the DSF case study.
Study on Wind-Induced Response and Wind Deflection Control of Overhead Sealing Net Structure Spanning Transmission Lines
Authors: Zhang Meng , Feng Guangqing , Zhang Xu , Zhao Guifeng
Published: November 2023

Sealing net structures are frequently used as protective devices for newly constructed transmission lines that intersect existing lines. They aim to ensure safety during the construction and operation of the intersecting lines. To explore the wind deflection response characteristics of sealing net structures under wind loads, a model of the sealing net structure was created using ANSYS/APDL software for finite element analysis. This model represents an overhead sealing net structure spanning an existing line. The results obtained from finite element simulations aligned well with the theoretical calculations, indicating the validity of the established finite element model for accurately analyzing the wind-induced response of the sealing net structure. Expanding on this foundation, the study analyzed the impact of various factors on the wind deflection of the sealing net. These factors encompass the span, wind speed, pretension of the catenary cable, wind direction angle, arrangement angle, and method of additional stay cables. The research investigated the influence of these factors on the wind deflection of the sealing net structure. Additionally, a proposal was presented for arranging the closure structure to mitigate wind deflection. This proposal provides valuable guidance for the design and safety considerations of transmission lines and sealing net structures.
An Overview of Micro- and Nano-Dispersion Additives for Asphalt and Bitumen for Road Construction
Authors: Korniejenko Kinga , Nykiel Marek , Choinska Marta , Jexembayeva Assel , Konkanov Marat , Aruova Lyazat
Published: November 2023

The main motivations for the development of research in the area of appropriate additives for asphalt and bitumen are the enhancement of their properties and improvement of their production process, including the reduction in environmental burden. Many additives improve the properties of mineral–asphalt mixtures. Traditionally, additives such as the following are applied: elastomers, plastomers, latexes, rubber powder, resins, and others. Currently, the modification of asphalt and bitumen materials by traditional additives can be replaced by nanomaterials that better fit the requirements of modern industry. New solutions are required, which has led to years of studies researching micro- and nano-additives. The main aim of the article is to analyze contemporary research where micro- and nano-additives were applied to asphalt and bitumen and summarize the advantages and disadvantages of the implementation of these additives for road construction. The article studied the state of the art in this area based on the literature research. It presents the possible materials’ solutions, including their properties, used technology, and featured trends for road construction. The challenges for further projects are discussed, especially environmental issues.
Gaps and Opportunities in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Caban Miłosz , Małecka-Wojciesko Ewa
Published: November 2023

Pancreatic cancer is one of the leading causes off cancer-related deaths globally. In Europe, this type of cancer has the lowest survival rate of all cancers. A majority of patients have unresectable or even metastatic disease. In addition, actual therapeutic options are not curative, and surgical treatment is associated with high post-operative morbidity and a lack of uniform translation of surgical success into long-term survival. Moreover, there is no screening for the general population which is recommended, and the overall poor prognosis in pancreatic cancer is related to late clinical detection. Therefore, early diagnosis and early treatment of pancreatic cancer are particularly critical. In this review, we summarize the most significant gaps and opportunities in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer to emphasize need for improvement of early detection and the therapeutic efficacy of the available treatment for this cancer. Novel, inclusive, and intentional research is needed to produce improvements in pancreatic cancer in mm the world.
Therapeutic Approach to Post-Transplant Recurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Certainties and Open Issues
Authors: Marrone Giuseppe , Leone Maria Sandrina , Biolato Marco , Liguori Antonio , Bianco Giuseppe , Spoletini Gabriele , Gasbarrini Antonio , Miele Luca , Pompili Maurizio
Published: November 2023

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a growing indication for liver transplantation (LT). Careful candidate selection is a prerequisite to keep post-LT recurrence rates within acceptable percentages. In the pre-LT period, various types of locoregional treatments and/or systemic therapies can be used for bridging or downstaging purposes. In this context, one of the factors limiting the possibility of treatment is the degree of functional liver impairment. In the LT subject, no widely accepted indications are available to guide treatment of disease recurrence and heterogeneity exists between transplant centers. Improved liver function post LT makes multiple therapeutic strategies theoretically feasible, but patient management is complicated by the need to adjust immunosuppressive therapy and to assess potential toxicities and drug–drug interactions. Finally, there is controversy and uncertainty about the use of recently introduced immunotherapeutic drugs, mainly due to the risk of organ rejection. In this paper, we will review the most recent available literature on the management of post-transplant HCC recurrence, discussing evidence and controversies.
Timing of Initiation of Palliative Chemotherapy in Asymptomatic Patients with Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer: An International Expert Survey and Case-Vignette Study
Authors: Augustinus Simone , van Laarhoven Hanneke W. M. , Cirkel Geert A. , de Groot Jan Willem B. , Groot Koerkamp Bas , Macarulla Teresa , Melisi Davide , O'Reilly Eileen M. , van Santvoort Hjalmar C. , Mackay Tara M. , Besselink Marc G. , Wilmink Johanna W.
Published: November 2023

Background: The use of imaging, in general, and during follow-up after resection of pancreatic cancer, is increasing. Consequently, the number of asymptomatic patients diagnosed with metastatic pancreatic cancer (mPDAC) is increasing. In these patients, palliative systemic therapy is the only tumor-directed treatment option; hence, it is often immediately initiated. However, delaying therapy in asymptomatic palliative patients may preserve quality of life and avoid therapy-related toxicity, but the impact on survival is unknown. This study aimed to gain insight into the current perspectives and clinical decision=making of experts regarding the timing of treatment initiation of patients with asymptomatic mPDAC. Methods: An online survey (13 questions, 9 case-vignettes) was sent to all first and last authors of published clinical trials on mPDAC over the past 10 years and medical oncologists of the Dutch Pancreatic Cancer Group. Inter-rater variability was determined using the Kappa Light test. Differences in the preferred timing of treatment initiation among countries, continents, and years of experience were analyzed using Fisher’s exact test. Results: Overall, 78 of 291 (27%) medical oncologists from 15 countries responded (62% from Europe, 23% from North America, and 15% from Asia–Pacific). The majority of respondents (63%) preferred the immediate initiation of chemotherapy following diagnosis. In 3/9 case-vignettes, delayed treatment was favored in specific clinical contexts (i.e., patient with only one small lung metastasis, significant comorbidities, and higher age). A significant degree of inter-rater variability was present within 7/9 case-vignettes. The recommended timing of treatment initiation differed between continents for 2/9 case-vignettes (22%), in 7/9 (77.9%) comparing the Netherlands with other countries, and based on years of experience for 5/9 (56%). Conclusions: Although the response rate was limited, in asymptomatic patients with mPDAC, immediate treatment is most often preferred. Delaying treatment until symptoms occur is considered in patients with limited metastatic disease, more comorbidities, and higher age.
Positive Impacts of Aphanizomenon Flos Aquae Extract on Obesity-Related Dysmetabolism in Mice with Diet-Induced Obesity
Authors: Terzo Simona , Calvi Pasquale , Giardina Marta , Gallizzi Giacoma , Di Carlo Marta , Nuzzo Domenico , Picone Pasquale , Puleio Roberto , Mulè Flavia , Scoglio Stefano , Amato Antonella
Published: November 2023

The present study evaluated the ability of KlamExtra®, an Aphanizomenon flos aquae (AFA) extract, to counteract metabolic dysfunctions due to a high fat diet (HFD) or to accelerate their reversion induced by switching an HFD to a normocaloric diet in mice with diet-induced obesity. A group of HFD mice was fed with an HFD supplemented with AFA (HFD-AFA) and another one was fed with regular chow (standard diet—STD) alone or supplemented with AFA (STD-AFA). AFA was able to significantly reduce body weight, hypertriglyceridemia, liver fat accumulation and adipocyte size in HFD mice. AFA also reduced hyperglycaemia, insulinaemia, HOMA-IR and ameliorated the glucose tolerance and the insulin response of obese mice. Furthermore, in obese mice AFA normalised the gene and the protein expression of factors involved in lipid metabolism (FAS, PPAR-γ, SREBP-1c and FAT-P mRNA), inflammation (TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA, NFkB and IL-10 proteins) and oxidative stress (ROS levels and SOD activity). Interestingly, AFA accelerated the STD-induced reversion of glucose dysmetabolism, hepatic and VAT inflammation and oxidative stress. In conclusion, AFA supplementation prevents HFD-induced dysmetabolism and accelerates the STD-dependent recovery of glucose dysmetabolism by positively modulating oxidative stress, inflammation and the expression of the genes linked to lipid metabolism.
Increased Hepatocyte Growth Factor Secretion by Placenta-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improves Ovarian Function in an Ovariectomized Rat Model via Vascular Remodeling by Wnt Signaling Activation
Authors: Park Hyeri , Lee Dae Hyun , You Jun Hyeong , Seok Jin , Lim Ja-Yun , Kim Gi Jin
Published: November 2023

The vascular network contributes to the development of follicles. However, the therapeutic mechanism between vascular remodeling and ovarian functions is still unclear. Therefore, we demonstrated whether increased HGF by placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PD-MSCs) improves ovarian function in an ovariectomized rat model via vascular remodeling by Wnt signaling activation. We established a half-ovariectomized rat model in which damaged ovaries were induced by ovariectomy of half of each ovary, and PD-MSCs (5 × 105 cells) were transplanted by intravenous injection. Three weeks after transplantation, rats in all groups were sacrificed. We examined the secretion of HGF by PD-MSCs through culture medium. The vascular structure in injured ovarian tissues was restored to a greater extent in the PD-MSC transplantation (Tx) group than in the nontransplantation (NTx) group (* p < 0.05). The expression of genes related to Wnt signaling (e.g., LRP6, GSK3β, β-catenin) was significantly increased in the Tx group compared to the NTx group (* p < 0.05). However, the expression of genes related to vascular permeability (e.g., Asef, ERG3) was significantly decreased in the Tx group compared to the NTx group (* p < 0.05). Follicular development was improved in the Tx group compared to the NTx group (* p < 0.05). Furthermore, to evaluate vascular function, we cocultivated PD-MSCs after human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and we analyzed the vascular formation assay and dextran assay in HUVECs. Cocultivation of PD-MSCs with injured HUVECs enhanced vascular formation and decreased endothelial cell permeability (* p < 0.05). Also, cocultivation of PD-MSCs with explanted ovarian tissues improved follicular maturation compared to cocultivation of the Wnt inhibitor-treated PD-MSCs with explanted ovarian tissues. Therefore, HGF secreted by PD-MSCs improved ovarian function in rats with ovarian dysfunction by decreasing vascular permeability via Wnt signaling.
Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Identifies Desmoglein-3 as a Potential Oncogene in Oral Cancer Cells
Authors: Wan Hong , Teh Muy-Teck , Mastroianni Giulia , Ahmad Usama Sharif
Published: November 2023

The role of desmoglein-3 (DSG3) in oncogenesis is unclear. This study aimed to uncover molecular mechanisms through comparative transcriptome analysis in oral cancer cells, defining potential key genes and associated biological processes related to DSG3 expression. Four mRNA libraries of oral squamous carcinoma H413 cell lines were sequenced, and 599 candidate genes exhibited differential expression between DSG3-overexpressing and matched control lines, with 12 genes highly significantly differentially expressed, including 9 upregulated and 3 downregulated. Genes with known implications in cancer, such as MMP-13, KRT84, OLFM4, GJA1, AMOT and ADAMTS1, were strongly linked to DSG3 overexpression. Gene ontology analysis indicated that the DSG3-associated candidate gene products participate in crucial cellular processes such as junction assembly, focal adhesion, extracellular matrix formation, intermediate filament organisation and keratinocyte differentiation. Validation of RNA-Seq was performed through RT-qPCR, Western blotting and immunofluorescence analyses. Furthermore, using transmission electron microscopy, we meticulously examined desmosome morphology and revealed a slightly immature desmosome structure in DSG3-overexpressing cells compared to controls. No changes in desmosome frequency and diameter were observed between the two conditions. This study underscores intricate and multifaceted alterations associated with DSG3 in oral squamous carcinoma cells, implying a potential oncogenic role of this gene in biological processes that enable cell communication, motility and survival.
Repeated Intravenous Administration of Human Neural Stem Cells Producing Choline Acetyltransferase Exerts Anti-Aging Effects in Male F344 Rats
Authors: Kyung Jangbeen , Kim Dajeong , Shin Kyungha , Park Dongsun , Hong Soon-Cheol , Kim Tae Myoung , Choi Ehn-Kyoung , Kim Yun-Bae
Published: November 2023

Major features of aging might be progressive decreases in cognitive function and physical activity, in addition to withered appearance. Previously, we reported that the intracerebroventricular injection of human neural stem cells (NSCs named F3) encoded the choline acetyltransferase gene (F3.ChAT). The cells secreted acetylcholine and growth factors (GFs) and neurotrophic factors (NFs), thereby improving learning and memory function as well as the physical activity of aged animals. In this study, F344 rats (10 months old) were intravenously transplanted with F3 or F3.ChAT NSCs (1 × 106 cells) once a month to the 21st month of age. Their physical activity and cognitive function were investigated, and brain acetylcholine (ACh) and cholinergic and dopaminergic system markers were analyzed. Neuroprotective and neuroregenerative activities of stem cells were also confirmed by analyzing oxidative damages, neuronal skeletal protein, angiogenesis, brain and muscle weights, and proliferating host stem cells. Stem cells markedly improved both cognitive and physical functions, in parallel with the elevation in ACh levels in cerebrospinal fluid and muscles, in which F3.ChAT cells were more effective than F3 parental cells. Stem cell transplantation downregulated CCL11 and recovered GFs and NFs in the brain, leading to restoration of microtubule-associated protein 2 as well as functional markers of cholinergic and dopaminergic systems, along with neovascularization. Stem cells also restored muscular GFs and NFs, resulting in increased angiogenesis and muscle mass. In addition, stem cells enhanced antioxidative capacity, attenuating oxidative damage to the brain and muscles. The results indicate that NSCs encoding ChAT improve cognitive function and physical activity of aging animals by protecting and recovering functions of multiple organs, including cholinergic and dopaminergic systems, as well as muscles from oxidative injuries through secretion of ACh and GFs/NFs, increased antioxidant elements, and enhanced blood flow.