bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perceptions of community members towards youth abusing alcohol in the Capricorn District of the Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: Mothiba T.M. , Malema R.N.
Published: November 2012

Alcohol abuse is a problem in South Africa and it has negative effects on the wellbeing of individuals, families, friends, work associates and neighbours. Alcohol produces both psychological and physical dependence. Gillies (1999:112) indicated that alcoholism usually interferes with the ability to socialize, work and may lead to much other destructive behaviour. It was further stated that people who are addicted to alcohol often have a low self-esteem, immaturity, are easily frustrated, and have difficulty in solving personal problems. This study investigated the perceptions of community members towards youth abusing alcohol and identified, among others, anti-social behaviour, poor interpersonal relationships, family disorganization, poor integration with family members and physical damage as the major concerns. An attempt was also made to develop strategies that can be used to overcome the problems of alcohol abuse by youth. Design and Method: A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual research design was followed in this study for the participants to describe their perceptions regarding the phenomenon in question (Brink, 2006:113). Data were collected through individual unstructured interviews in one village of the Capricorn District of the Limpopo Province. The researchers employed the principles of Guba and Lincoln (1993) cited in De Vos (1998:331) relating to trustworthiness and adhered to the ethical standards as set by the Democratic Nurses Association of South Africa (DENOSA, 1998:2.3.2).Findings: Five themes and seven categories emerged from the data analysis, using Tech’s open coding approach (1990), as outlined in De Vos (1998:343), namely, antisocial behaviour, poor interpersonal behaviour, physical damage, poor progress in life processes and effects of alcohol on the body. To address the problem of alcohol abuse by youth in one village (the study area) of the Capricorn District in the Limpopo Province and other villages the study recommends that educational and recreational facilities and the formation of youth structures should be established.
Perceived basic needs and resources for the elderly in the peri-urban and rural communities in the Hhohho region in Swaziland
Authors: Mabuza E.M. , Poggenpoel M. , Myburgh C.
Published: November 2012

The purpose of the study was to explore and describe the basic needs and resources for meeting the needs of the elderly in the peri-urban and rural communities in the Hhohho region in Swaziland. A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual research design was used. The study population consisted of the male and female elderly aged from 60 years old and above, and key informants (health motivator, community leaders and members from welfare organizations that serve as advocates for the elderly in Swaziland). Purposive sampling was utilized to select participants who met the inclusion criteria. Data were collected using focus groups and individual in-depth face-to-face interviews till data saturation was achieved as evidenced by repeating information. Tesch’s method of qualitative data analysis was utilised to identify themes. A total of 30 elderly persons and eight key informants participated in this research. From the study findings the researcher identified the following themes: need for resources because of poverty; need for support because of the burden of caring for others; need for health care because of health challenges; need for company because of loneliness, and need for protection because of abuse of elderly persons. Recommendations were made for community nursing practice, nursing education, nursing research and the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare.
Perceptions of clients regarding family planning service delivery in a clinic of the Greater Johannesburg Metropolitan Council
Authors: Kellner A. , Jooste K. , Jacobs W.
Published: November 2012

Unwanted pregnancies with their negative impact on both women and children occur on an ongoing basis in Gauteng, South Africa. One way to prevent unwanted pregnancies is to use a reliable contraceptive method available free of charge from primary health care clinics providing family planning services throughout Gauteng Province. A literature review was completed on women and access to family planning services and an interview schedule (questionnaire) was developed. The purpose of this study was to describe guidelines to meet the expectations of clients accessing family planning services provided by a clinic in Region F, Area 28 of the Greater Johannesburg metropolitan council. This quantitative, exploratory, descriptive and comparative study measured the gaps between the expectations of participants on service delivery and the extent to which these expectations were met. A convenience sample was conducted and consisted of 50 women of reproductive age (ages 15 to 49) attending the family planning clinic. Pre-testing of the instrument was conducted. Structured interviews with a interview schedule were conducted before and after women attended a family planning service. Inferential statistics indicated that there was a significant gap between the client expectations of family planning service delivery and the extent to which these expectations were met. Of the sixty-four items where women indicated the extent of their expectations the findings on only three items were not statistically significant. These gaps were addressed by proposing managerial guidelines to be implemented by the nurse manager in charge of the facility, on which this article will focus. Validity and reliability principles were ensured in the study. Ethical principles were adhered to during the research process.
The ward sister - Some aspects of her role and function
Authors: Searle C.
Published: November 2012

First-line manager, clinician, educator, custodian and advocate of the patient, professional colleague and team partner to the doctor and other members of the health team describes the multidimensional role of the ward sister.
The ward sister as a health educator
Authors: Woodward V.
Published: November 2012

According to Thomson, hospital patients form a target group of particular importance for the health educator because: — the patients suffering from a particular disease are a motivated group so far as education related to their illness is concerned, and — hospital patients are restricted to a certain environment for comparatively long periods of time in many instances, and thus represent a captive group for health education.
Die saalsuster as koördineerder
Authors: Bruwer A.
Published: November 2012

The hospital as unique organisational unit is proposed, based on the theory of the existence o f a dual authority system within the hospital. The place of the ward sister in the hospital is explored with emphasis on her co-ordinating function. This function of the nurse is not limited to nursing activities alone but refers in particular to her role as co-ordinator of patient care. If the nurse is to retain this special position in the hospital organisation a more structured approach towards teaching of administrative skills is advocated to enable the nurse to create a therapeutic milieu in the ward.
Ward sister - manager nurse, or teacher?
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: November 2012

This article is based on an essay by John Sheahan, SRN, RMN, RNT, Principal Lecturer in Nursing, The Polytechnic, Huddersfield, which won second place in the Bailliére Prize for Nursing Studies, 1977.
The role of the sister in a rural hospital
Authors: Salayi J.V. , Mali R. , Mali G.N.
Published: November 2012

Nurses sometimes seem to think that nursing in rural hospitals is less stimulating than that in city hospitals with all their super-sophisticated equipment and modern intensive care units: on the other hand, if we consider the concept of health which visualises a state of physical, mental and socio-economic wellbeing for the individual, his family and the community in which he lives and not merely the absence of disease, then we see nursing in rural hospitals as a great challenge for the nurse. As in rural areas life is less busy than in cities, the number of patients in a hospital is usually manageable. Hence the nurse has the opportunity to treat her patients in their “ totality” - physically, mentally and spiritually.
Die belangrikheid van effektiewe interdissiplinêre kommunikasie in pasiëntsorg
Authors: Van Antwerpen H.W.
Published: November 2012

The nurse is a member of the multidisciplinary health team. She is dependent on the co-operation of all the other team members for delivering proper patient care. To enhance teamwork she must do her part in establishing and maintaining effective interdisciplinary communication. She must know and take into account all the factors that could have a positive or negative effect on interdisciplinary communication in order to ensure a higher standard of patient care through teamwork.
Do you know the labour ward sister?
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: November 2012

Who is the Labour Ward Sister? Perhaps she deserves above all the title “Midwife Specialist” — continually up-to-date in her knowledge of obstetrics, the “diagnostician” and colleague of the obstetrician; one cannot function adequately without the other.
Die adolessente student
Authors: Pieterse J.
Published: November 2012

Om by ’n dosentesimposium oor aspekte van tersiêre onderrig ook oor die adolessente student te besin, is geen toevallige keuse nie. Om sinvol te kan onderrig, moet tog seker eerstens geweet word wie onderrig moet word. Daarom sal in hierdie referaat eerstens verwys word na adolessensie as lewensfase waartydens ook aandag gegee sal word aan die sogenaamde kultuurpuberteit. Daarna moet ook na die adolessente student as mens verwys word, waarna onderskeidelik die psigiese en geestelike aspekte asook enkele fisiese aspekte van adolessensie behandel sal word. Ten slotte sal die problematiek wat die adolessente student i.v.m. vrees vir mislukking ervaar, behandel word.
Doelstellings in die tersiêre onderrig
Authors: Van der Merwe C.A.
Published: November 2012

Wanneer daar oor tersiêre onderwysdoelstellings besin word, moet daar in gedagte gehou word dat die algemene doelstellings van verskeie tipes tersiêre onderwysinstellings wel ooreenkomste toon, maar dat daar ook duidelike verskille, al is dit soms net klemverskille, aan te dui is. ’n Sodanige besinning, naamlik oor tersiêre onderwysdoelstellings, moet dus geskied in die lug van - die algemene doelstellings van ’n tersiêre onderwysinstelling en - die doelstellings van ’n bepaalde tipe tersiêre onderwysinstelling, maar ook - die aard en eise van die eietydse samelewing.
Die kind in die hospitaal: Verpleegster - praat en speel met hom!
Authors: Van Huyssteen M.
Published: November 2012

In nursing the sick child “ the nurse’s challenge is to maintain the perspective of the whole child - his total essence” . This requires the nurse to recognize and support the emotional and developmental needs of the sick child. The article discusses the therapeutic use of the self in caring for the sick child in order to meet these needs.
Pain
Authors: Snyman H.W.
Published: November 2012

The medical profession has always been under pressure to supply public explanations of the diseases with which it deals. On the other hand, it is an old characteristic of the profession to devise comprehensive and unifying theories on all sorts of medical problems. Both these statements apply to pain - one of the most important and clinically striking phenomena and expressions of man since his origin in the mists of time.
Health care in the Bible and the Talmud
Authors: Medlen L.M.
Published: November 2012

"The thought patterns of occidental civilization have been basically influenced by the mentalities of two peoples: the ancient Greeks, with their lucid reasoning and logical approach to scientific problems, and the People of the Book, with their intuitive ethical teachings, their timeless moral laws, and, last but by no means least, their ethically based health rules.” (Rosner, p.3).
Die etiek - eerbied vir die mens se lewe
Authors: Snyman H.W. , Gronigen M.D.
Published: November 2012

Wat beteken die woord Etiek? Afgelei van die Griekse woord Ethos, dui dit op die morele of sedelike gebruik. Dit word gestel as: die wetenskap en beginsels van morele gedrag of sedelike norme. Dit is dus ’n sedeleer. Vir ons is dit ’n uiting van ’n gefundeerde gewete.
The birth, growth, development and future dimensions of occupational health nursing
Authors: Mellish J.M.
Published: November 2012

Change will always take place in organisations, and unless it is planned well in advance to be a definite improvement, it will lead to disorganisation and crises. The process of planned change is discussed, and strategies suggested to facilitate each step.
Die hart van verpleging
Authors: Kotzé W.
Published: November 2012

Die wêreld van die mens het grense. Elke landskap het grense. Dit is juis die begrensdheid daarvan wat dit afbaken, spesifiek maak, binne die gesigsveld en waarnemingsvermoëns van die mens plaas, sodat hy dit kan leer ken en begryp. Dit is dus die grense wat die wêreld kenbaar en interpreteerbaar, daarom veiliger maak, en aan die mens die moontlikheid bied om perspektief te kry.
Social work in mental retardation
Authors: Herring Y.
Published: November 2012

In this article the field of mental retardation will be examined focusing on the changes that have taken place in this field. In so doing an attempt will be made to indicate that because of these changes, new ideas and attitudes, the role of the social worker has emerged as a very important one.
'Aurelleterapie' met geestesvertraagdes
Authors: De Bruto N.M.E.
Published: November 2012

Audio psycho phonology is a technique initiated by Prof. A.A. Tomatis. According to his theory the ear is not soley an instrument for hearing and listening, but primarily an apparatus intended to affect a cortical charge in terms of electrical potential. Sound is transformed into nervous influx by the cilifum cells of the cochleo-vestibular apparatus. The charge of energy obtained from the influx of nervous impulses reaches the cortex, which then distributes it through the body with the view to tuning up the whole system, and imparting greater dynamism to the human being. This does not imply that the condition of mental retardation can be cured or revised. It suggests that certain barriers can be overcome and thus the mentally retarded can function at his optimal level.
Die lesing
Authors: Stuart J.F.
Published: November 2012

Despite modern trends in teaching methods, the didactic lecture is still widely used to convey concepts and essential facts. The advantages and disadvantages of the method are highlighted and essentials in the planning and presentation of the lecture are illustrated using two contrasting models.
School performance and stability of student nurses
Authors: Birkenbach X.C.
Published: November 2012

Owing to a number of factors the selection of student nurses in hospitals appears to present specific problems for the nursing administrator. In the first place, nursing applicants are, with few exceptions, recruited straight from school. Consequently very little information is available in order to assess the suitability of the applicant to nursing. Furthermore, at the time of her application, the interests, ambitions and career aspirations of the scholar are still in a process of being shaped. Therefore the applicant herself is probably not in a position to make a commited career decision at this stage. Moreover, the selection ratio (i.e. the number of applicants in relation to the number of posts) is usually not very favourable. This has the result that nursing administrators cannot screen applicants effectively - most of those who apply are accepted for training owing to the shortage of staff.
Anaemia a practical approach for nursing and paramedical specialities
Authors: Wood L.
Published: November 2012

Anaemia is only a symptom and not, in itself, a diagnosis. Its importance lies in the fact that it signals underlying disease which is often correctable. By definiton anaemia is a reduction in red cell mass and this is reflected in reduced haemoglobin, packed cell volume, or red cell count in the peripheral blood. To understand the mechanisms of its development normal blood formation must be briefly reviewed.
Understanding and handling mental disorders in the aged
Authors: Gillis L.S.
Published: November 2012

The serious psychiatric disturbances of old people are a matter for experts, but lesser psychological symptoms and emotional disturbances are frequent and sometimes alarming.
Die versorging van ons pasiëntwerklikheid (feit) of legende ’n opvoedkundige standpunt
Authors: Coetzer E.
Published: November 2012

Kort analise van woorde in die onderwerp, nie net om die woord te omskryf nie, maar om alreeds in die stadium leemtes aan te toon.
Development of maternal and child health services in the minority communities of Israel
Authors: Adams Rebecca
Published: November 2012

TO get to the maternal and child health station in Mahamadia, a Moslem Arab village, you alight from the bus at the foot of Mount Tabor, slide down a hill, and find yourself in a courtyard with children and sheep. Bahija, the practical nurse, greets you and laughs as she tells of the Jewish paediatrician who, because of religious tenets forbidding touching a strange woman, refused to take her helping hand and proceeded to fall all the way. From the entrance shed you are led to two rooms with light coming from the open doors. The rooms are clean with stone floors that are easily washed and with the standard blue and white furniture seen in every Ministry of Health or Kupat Holim (General Sick Fund of the Federation of Labor) station in Israel.
Kistifibrose
Authors: Pera D.E.
Published: November 2012

Cystic fibrosis is a recessively inherited inborn error of metabolism which causes abnormal functioning of mucus and sweat glands. The disease manifests itself with varying degrees of chronic lung disease, pancreatic enzyme deficiency as well as loss of salt and water in the sweat, all of which may lead to secondary complications. Treatment is aimed mainly at the removal of mucus from bronchial passages and the dietary correction of the pancreatic enzyme deficiency. As this is a chronic disease the education and support of the patient and his family are important aspects of nursing care.
The dynamics of the nursing process
Authors: Mashaba T.G.
Published: November 2012

THE nursing process is a scientific method of approaching and planning the nursing care of the patient. It is an ongoing process and has a different meaning for each patient at different stages of his illness. It also varies from one nurse to another and at different levels of a nurse’s professional maturity and in different nursing situations.
Foreword
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: November 2012

History was made in July 1981 when the Medical Association of South Africa held their 53rd bi-annual congress as a multidisciplinary congress involving all members of the health team.
Educational objectives make or break the quality of patient care
Authors: Searle Charlotte
Published: November 2012

A most important criterion in nursing education is that a definite end must be kept in view. This end purpose or terminal outcome is the concept of Quality nursing care.
Hoe beleef pasiente hul verpleegsorg?
Authors: Vermaak M. V.
Published: November 2012

A descriptive survey was undertaken to find out whether nurses in five training schools for general nurses fulfilled the needs of their patients in regard to physical care, orientation and teaching and emotional support. The findings suggest that there is room for improvement especially tion, patient teaching and emotional support. Recommendations to facilitate improv ienm oerniet natraemade.
Die aard en stand van die tradisionele, nie-westerse of stammedisyne in suid-afrika
Authors: Van Rensburg H.C.J
Published: November 2012

There exists a long-established system of traditional medicine among Blacks in South Africa next to Westernised health services. The exact extent to which traditional medicine is practised cannot be established, but evidence exists The continued use of the traditthioant ailt hise aslteilrls ,u osefdte nw itdoegleyt.her with Western medicine, is rooted in the traditionally held concepts of health and disease. Illness and death are usually attributed to mystical causes which must be identified and removed by the witchdoctor. Witchdoctors can be divided into distinct categories according to their functions and methods — i.e. diviners and medicine-men or herbalists. The methods used by the witchdoctor are not compatible with Western medicine, but their approach to patients and the community has certain attributes not found in modern medical practice. It is not envisaged that the witchdoctor will cease to play a role in the foreseeable future.
A survey in Soweto (South Western township) on the available health services
Authors: Ncala Joyce
Published: November 2012

Survey research, also known as descriptive research, is the method whereby data is collected, recorded and analysed. (8 p 57). The scope of this survey was the health services of Soweto. The purpose was to obtain a complete picture of the community of Soweto; to update knowledge concerning health services in order to teach adequately; and being a citizen of Soweto, data collected is for the good of my family.
Community development and the community nurse
Authors: Woodward V.
Published: November 2012

In the health professions lip service has long been paid to the concept of people accepting responsibility for the maintenance of their own health. Yet, in reality, in spite of extensive health education campaigns to bring this home to the communities served, there is still a marked tendency to think for — to plan for — and to do for — people those things which, if provided with adequate stimulation, they could well think about — p la n .— and execute — for themselves.
The role of the community nurse in family health care
Authors: Goddard JO
Published: November 2012

The range of the community nurse’s work in family health care is much wider than that portrayed by the stereotype which many people, both lay and professional, have of it — namely, mother and baby clinics.
Die uitdagings verbonde aan die lewering van primêre gesondheidsorgdienste in artikel 30-gebiede
Authors: Mcnulty Delene
Published: November 2012

Article 30 areas are those in which the Department of Health, Welfare and Pensions act as the local authority in terms of health services. The Department has been developing comprehensive primary health care services, provided by registered nurses, in these areas since 1975. These services are challenged by complex problems and methods for primary health care used successfully in other areas are inappropriate. As those served are mostly immigrant farm labourers, village workers cannot be used. A lack of demographic and epidemiological data complicates the setting of objectives and thus planning of services. There are few clinic services and supportive services and sources for referral are inadequate or non-existent. The nurse mostly provides the service from a car at suitable central points. Sophisticated technology cannot be used and equipment, techniques and procedures must be carefully selected or even improvised. The success of the service depends on the nurses’ ability to gain the co-operation and acceptance of the farmer who is the employer; doctors and pharmacists; school principals; magistrates; the nearest hospitals which may be in another country; and of the target group comprising the workers and their families. In this time of fragmentation and specialised care in health services the nurses providing the section 30 services must be able to meet all promotive, preventive, curative and rehabilitative health needs — she is expected to be a model of versatility.
Some aspects of traditional beliefs as they affect tuberculosis treatment
Authors: Mthembu C.
Published: November 2012

The Black man understands illness, physicial ailments and unhappiness as caused by unnatural factors such as: — infliction or bestowal of illness and physical ailments by ancestors to punish the living for their sins of omission and commission as when rites are no longer performed or feasts are not celebrated; — poisoning of food or drink by je a lous wives, envious neighbours or relatives who have been offended; — bewitchment through the agency of the wizards and witches.
Die rol van die gemeenskapsverpleegkundige in geestesgesondheid
Authors: Olivier Louise
Published: November 2012

Mental health is an umbrella-like concept encompassing the psychological, emotional and social equilibrium of an individual. Today we are confronted with an ever increasing incidence of mental illness. The individual is unable to adapt and his reactions are unacceptable, inappropriate and inadequate. The community nurse plays a very important role in the prevention of mental illness and the promotion of mental health. The community nurse comes into contact with many people in the community such as the infants, school children, mothers as well as the aged. She is in the position to identify the earliest signs of mental illness and she is also in the ideal position to promote mental health. She plays a role at the primary, secondary and tertiary levels of prevention and must therefore be adequately trained and prepared for this very important function.
The community health nurse in school health services
Authors: Snyman N.
Published: November 2012

The Department of Health. Welfare and Pensions is responsible for rendering a school health service to Black, Coloured and Indian scholars in the Republic of South Africa.
Problematiek van studentwerwing in verpleging
Authors: Van Wyk H.
Published: November 2012

The current manpower shortage has greatly influenced recruitment to the nursing profession. A related issue is the movement of student and qualified nurses out of the profession. Various problem areas have been identified and to improve recruitment it is imperative that: — recruitment methods be improved; — staffing policy be changed so that the student nurse is not regarded mainly as a worker; — that the status of clinical nursing, especially the status of the ward sister, be reinstated; — that more guidance and support be provided for student nurses; — that the socio-economic status of the nurse receive urgent attention. Furthermore, every nurse has an important role in recruitment and in building the image of nursing by always projecting a positive attitude towards her profession.
Osteitis - A case study
Authors: Foxon A.
Published: November 2012

At first it was thought to start this case study by saying: this is a case of osteitis found in a caucasion boy aged 9 years, admitted to the Children's Ward in January 1981, etcetera. This caucasian was however a rather precocious little boy, herein called Jack, whose plaintive cry of Sister bring me a bottle, Sister scratch my back, Sister can I have some drops for pain must have been heard by the night and day staff at intervals over a period of five months. So I am going to commence in a far more informal manner by telling you about him and how he came to us with an original diagnosis of septicaemia.
Voorbereiding vir aftrede en bejaardheid
Authors: Gerretsen A.
Published: November 2012

The number of retired persons in the community is increasing steadily. Retirement is a relatively modern concept and the problems associated with it are not yet fully understood. People should prepare themselves for retirement to ensure that it will be a creative and satisfying time of life. There are currently a number of programmes to prepare workers for retirement such as the one offered by the Retirement Association. The nurse has a role in motivating members of the community to plan for retirement and should include this topic in health education, using a non-directive approach. She can also help to create a more positive attitude towards retirement and retired people among the younger members of the community.
Evaluering van gesindheid in kliniese onderrig
Authors: Venter A.M.
Published: November 2012

The affective dimension of nursing - which involves attitudes, values and interests - is a very important one and should be evaluated in the clinical area where the student nurse deals with the real situation. Evaluations of the affective dimension are currently often subjective value judgements. It is essential that affective objectives be identified for each learning situation and that relevant, valid and reliable instruments be designed to measure their attainment objectively. The impact of affective elements, in both the student and evaluator, in the clinical situation must however also be kept in mind. Attention must be given to personal relationships in clinical nursing to guard against the threat of technology to humanism in nursing.
Intravenous solution therapy simplified
Authors: Schepers G.W.
Published: November 2012

The Health Matters Advisory Committee, a statutory body constituted under the Health Act 63 of 1977, appointed a National Intravenous Infusion Rationalisation Committee, consisting of experts from the medical and pharmaceutical professions to investigate and make re commendations regarding the availability and use of intravenous solutions in South Africa with the view to promoting patient safety, simplifying therapy for the clinicians, and providing economy for both the producer and the consumer. When the recommendations are implemented the range of formulations will be reduced from 103 to 41 and containers from over 70 to 21. Considerable modification will result in improvements and ultimate standardisation of administration sets and packs.
Hanteer die studentverpleegkundige as waardige mens
Authors: Beekman A.W.
Published: November 2012

In recent studies and research there was some evidence that students felt that they are not treated as unique human beings with individuality, dignity and worthiness. Based on the literature this problem can be solved through accompaniment and a relationship of insight, trust and discipline between the ward sister or matron and the student.
UICC Nursing Education Project an established and ongoing activity
Authors: Searle C.
Published: November 2012

UICC has once again taken a lead in the campaign against cancer. It has established its Cancer Nursing Education Project as a continuing one. This is a momentous decision for cancer care and for the recognition of the contribution of nurses to the campaign against cancer.
Die implikasies van die mannekragstatus vir verpleging - ’n toekomsperspektief
Authors: De Villiers F.
Published: November 2012

It is essential that employers of nurses adopt a staff development policy. The trends regarding nursing manpower include increased demand; role change, expansion and development; improved staff utilisation. The education of nursing manpower will determine whether future challenges will be met. Problems in modern nursing, which include the effects of involvement in a service profession, reality shock and burnout, lead to loss of manpower or reduced productivity. A staff development policy can help to create a milieu in which these problems can be overcome.
Some factors influencing the effective use of disinfectants and cleaning agents
Authors: Kortenbout W.P.
Published: November 2012

Disinfection means the freeing of an article from some or all of its burden of live pathogenic microorganisms which might cause infection during its use. The term is a relative one and disinfection may be described as being partially or highly effective according to the proportion of pathogenic organisms killed or removed.
’n Verkenning van die ervaring en belewing van siekte-episodes deur ’n aantal senior hoërskoolleerlinge in ’n swart dorpsgebied
Authors: Booyens J.H.
Published: November 2012

This study is based on an item analysis of structured essays written under the heading illness at home, submitted to the author by senior students in a Black township. In this case an analysis was done of the reaction of the students to one of the subthemes in the essays regarding the way in which an illness episode interfered with the normal routine at home. An important finding was that the most salient spontaneous reactions to this subtheme were that illness episodes led to financial problems (50% of the cases), emotional disturbances (86% of the cases) and problems regarding division of labour (58% of the cases). Although no comparative material was utilised, the fact that such a large number of cases reported financial problems during illness episodes, may be correlated with the general socio-economic position of Blacks. There also seems to be a positive correlation between the status of the ill individual in a specific household and the number of cases reporting financial problems at home. Furthermore, it is clear that there is no simple relationship between financial problems and direct medical costs. An important way of coping with financial problems during illness-episodes is the discontinuation of formal education by family members of the diseased. Illness episodes may therefore be seen to play a significant indirect role in the perpetuation of poverty amongst urban Blacks, thus reinforcing the incidence of types of diseases associated with lower income groups.
Public opinion regarding alternative medicine
Authors: Hammond M.
Published: November 2012

Fairly widespread disillusionment in medicine since the 1950s (when many wonder drugs proved themselves either ineffective or harmful - or both, and when disease was found to be as prevalent as ever, even if in degenerative and stress-related guises), seems to have coincided with considerable public interest in alternative forms of healing. Some authors have given sympathetic attention to alternatives like homeopathy, chiropractic, herbalism and so on, but most of the literature still deals with these healers in a patronising if not blatantly biased manner. The abundance of emotive, highly critical reporting in the popular press, coupled with the relative lack of detailed, up-to-date studies and the persistence of ideas put forward by those in positions of power and status has caused a situation where most common knowledge about alternatives is nothing short of mythical.
Changing over to U-100 insulin
Authors: Bonnici F.
Published: November 2012

A new preparation of insulin containing 100 units per millilitre (U-100) is being introduced in South Africa. Since it was first used in 1922, insulin has been available in at least eight different concentrations but, over the years, only the 40 U/ml and 80 U/ml have been in common usage, the 20 U/ml having a certain vogue in the United Kingdom only.
Musiekterapie in die opleiding en opvoeding van geestesvertraagdes
Authors: Thomas E.
Published: November 2012

Music therapy involves the planned and controlled use of music to improve the quality of life of the person. It has a definite place in the education and training of mentally retarded persons. Various behaviours and concepts can be taught through music, improving both social behaviour and eventually learning ability. Rhythmic movement to music can also improve physical health and music can have a calming influence in stressful situations.
Primary prevention of physical and mental handicaps: Genetic counselling and prenatal diagnosis
Authors: Hof J.
Published: November 2012

To date there are no figures available on the number of handicapped people in the Republic of South Africa. The lack of an adequate method of assessment and the difficulty of defining the different handicaps are the major obstacles.
Caring for our patients
Authors: Hunt B.N.
Published: November 2012

Discussions abo u t the quality of caring given by nurses to patients, tend to become overlaid with emotion - older nurses accuse younger nurses of giving less meticulous care today than that was given twenty or maybe forty years ago. We all get very excited about the whole question of care, probably because care for people is basic to the philosophy of all nursing and any suggestion that care is less than good, or of doubtful quality, is deeply resented and threatening to nurses of any age.
The evolution of a profession
Authors: Searle C.
Published: November 2012

The word profession derives from the Latin profiteri - to make an open or public statement of one’s beliefs and intentions, one’s acknowledgement of a certain fact. In the modern sense the word has come to describe collectively the nature of an occupation, the practice of which requires certain advanced preparation in some liberal art or applied science. The practice is characterised by some form of exclusiveness (such as only those who are qualified in a certain area of study may practise the profession), by commitment, and by observances of an ethical nature.
Personeelontwikkeling: Programbeplanning
Authors: Vermaak M.V.
Published: November 2012

A well-planned, comprehensive program for the development of nursing staff in a hospital or other health service can make a significant contribution to the quality of nursing care and the intrinsic motivation of the nursing staff. Terms connected with staff development are clarified, a framework for planning a staff development program is suggested, and factors to be considered in the planning process are highlighted.
The attitude of registered nurses at Addington Hospital towards their profession
Authors: Schlebusch L. , Stanley-Clarke G. , Aucamp A.C.M. , Scallan M.P.S. , Buys C. , Walley C.M.R.O. , Holliday K.E. , Hodgen J.J.
Published: November 2012

Several investigations into the nursing profession have demonstrated that a significant number of registered nurses leave the profession or are dissatisfied with it. The student nurse drop-outs of the 1979 intake in the Republic of South Africa amounted to 2,120. Similarly, recent public reports have noted widespread dissatisfaction amongst nurses in South Africa, particularly with regard to salary and conditions of employment. At Addington Hospital a rapid changeover of registered nurses on the staff was also noted. Preliminary enquiries revealed that the cause is not that nurses do not want to nurse, but that they are simply no longer willing to make the major compromises expected of them if they choose to stay in the profession.
The psychological aspects of intensive care units
Authors: Dannenfeldt G.
Published: November 2012

The technical and physical care of the critically ill patient has been perfected, but the psychological aspects of intensive nursing care have to a greater or lesser extent been neglected. The objective of this article is to highlight the causes of psychological problems in an intensive care unit, how to recognise these problems and above all how to prevent or correct them.
Vakdidaktiek as noodsaaklikheid in verpleegonderrig en -opleiding
Authors: Beekman A.W. , Basson A.A.
Published: November 2012

Subject didactics, part of the discipline Education, is receiving renewed attention. It involves the study of how the educational process concerning a specific subject can be optimalised. Subject didactics in a nursing subject will bring together all applicable facets of didactics, the practical organisation of the teaching situation and the particular nursing content. A number of universities are now offering subject didactics as a separate subject in the curriculum for students in nursing education. An example is given of how subject didactics in community nursing is offered at this level.
The preparation of the nurse in the tuberculosis field
Authors: Van Niekerk J.G.P.
Published: November 2012

Nursing has grown and developed profusely during the past century to where it’s practitioners today render indispensable services to the people of this country. Nurses are active in all the spheres related to health services and as the primary health workers, are usually the first contact with the patient. Therefore her role in the detection, identification, treatment, referral, follow-up and rehabilitation of patients suffering from tuberculosis can never be underestimated. To be able to fulfil this role it speaks for itself that nurses will need training to render the best possible service.
Family planning and the handicapped
Authors: Welman C.
Published: November 2012

People tend to ignore the fact that sexual relationships are as important for the disabled as for the normal individual. Health professionals often do not recognise that disabled individuals are capable of enjoying and taking part in a full range of sexual activities. There are many problem areas which need to be considered but, with regard to family planning, counselling is of paramount importance.
The dependent, independent and interdependent functions of the nurse practitioner - a legal and ethical perspective
Authors: Searle C.
Published: November 2012

In general, contemporary nursing literature from Western countries does not take a bold stand on the very controversial issue of the dependent and independent functions of the nurse practitioner. The authors write as if they are skating on very thin ice. Text books on nursing imply a great deal about the practice potential of nurses but ever and anon there is a subtle reversion to the concept that nursing has certain dependent functions, meaning functions that require a doctor’s authorisation, and certain independent functions that are carried out on the nurse’s own initiative, and responsibility. In general the majority of authors consulted appear to subscribe to the concept postulated by Sarney when he says A good nursing practice act will separate the independent functions (what nurse can do on her own) from the dependent functions (what she can do only under the direction o f a doctor) (Sarney 1968 : 18).
Dataversameling in navorsing: Die vraelys, onderhoud en prikkellys
Authors: Welman E.B.
Published: November 2012

Nursing research as a scientific method of inquiry, has come to play an increasingly important role in nursing. The research process is a complex one and consists of several steps. Data collection, as one of the steps of research, should proceed according to a pre-established plan in order to minimise confusion and mistakes. The questionnaire, interview and checklist are three methods commonly used to collect data during research. The design and composition of the questionnaire, interview and checklist is time-consuming and needs careful planning. These methods have several advantages and disadvantages but can be used most effectively in reaching the ultimate goal of improving nursing standards.
Sarkopte-besmetting (Scabies)
Authors: Van Rensburg A.H.
Published: November 2012

Scabies is characterised by severe itching of typical distribution. The whole body is treated with benzyl-benzoate or monosulfiram emulsion. It is essential that the whole family of an infected person he treated. Health education and community involvement are important methods which can contribute to preventing scabies infection.
Staff development and education
Authors: Thompson R.A.E.
Published: November 2012

Nursing has been greatly influenced by developments within the health services in general. Factors effecting these changes include increased scientific knowledge, increased demand for quality health care, and the concept of the hospital being a social institution that provides services to all community members. Because hospitals are becoming increasingly complex, and because nursing is a key department in any facility that aims to meet the health care needs of the population, it is essential that nursing administrative staff be competent managers.
Die houding van skoolverlaters teenoor verpleging
Authors: Beukes M.
Published: November 2012

While there is an ever-increasing demand for nurses, fewer young women are prepared to enter the nursing profession. Research was undertaken to determine the attitude of White female school leavers towards nursing. Findings indicated that schoolleavers were ignorant about nursing and that more attention should be given to correct career guidance and the recruitment value of the qualified nurse as a role model. Salaries were found to be a major deterrent and the recently improved salary scales should have a marked influence on the attitude of the community towards nursing.
An example of a self-instructional teaching unit for nursing students
Authors: Bendile T.M.
Published: November 2012

Designing effective teaching units is a very important part of the work of the tutor. As part of a course in curriculum development at the University of the Orange Free State, tutors are given practice in this skill. Much attention is given to varying the teaching methods and adapting them according to the unit objectives, which in turn arise from a task analysis. The emphasis of the teaching methods is also on developing higher levels of thinking in the student.
New dimensions - nursing education in the post-secondary education system in the Republic of South Africa
Authors: Searle C.
Published: November 2012

On April 5, 1982 in her capacity as President of the South African Nursing Association, the author received a letter from the then Minister of Health. Dr. the Hon. L A P A Munnik to inform her that the Minister of Education had submitted the information to him that the Advisory Council of the Universities of South Africa had approved the principle whereby universities could develop an association with nursing colleges on the same lines as exist in respect of teacher training colleges, that is, as colleges external to the university but linked on an academic level to the university concerned.
Beleid van die Nasionale Gesondheidsbeleidsraad
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: November 2012

Die volgende is die beleidsbesluite wat die Nasionale Gesondheidsbeleidsraad (NGB) op sy vergadering van 26 Augustus 1982 geneem het insake die stelsel van verpleegonderwys in Suid-Afrika.
The role of professional organisations in nursing advancement
Authors: Bergman R.
Published: November 2012

Some thoughts are pre sented on the role of professional organisations in nursing advancement and the development of a model for nurses’ associations in setting objectives, priorities and activities relative to their roles is shared with the reader.
The aged require attention
Authors: Brawley J.
Published: November 2012

Hospitals are institutions and people entering are treated as part of the whole. Nurses do things for patients and if they are too slow they are hurried up. The ward has a fairly rigid routine. It is all abnormal, yet under these circumstances people are expected to recover from illnesses, diseases and operations. Before they start to recover they have to learn to adapt to a physical and psychological environment which is quite unfamiliar to them. The younger you are the more easy it is to adapt because you are less set in your ways.
Kurrikulering vir die omvattende generiese verpleegkundeprogram
Authors: Uys L.R.
Published: November 2012

The six stages of curriculum-development are discussed briefly with the new comprehensive nursing program in mind. The problems encountered in the first stage, situation analysis, are identified and the use of objectives in the total curriculum discussed. The different patterns of curriculum organisation are described and selection of content, methods and techniques briefly referred to. The importance of evaluation as the last stage of curriculum development is shown.