bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immunocytochemical demonstration of intermediate filaments in a granular cell ameloblastoma
Authors: De Wilde P. C. M. , Slootweg P. J. , Müller H. , Kant A. , Moesker O. , Vooijs P. , Ramaekers F. C. S.
Published: April 2006

The nature and location of intermediate filament proteins (IFP) may provide new insights into the origin and differentiation of neoplastic cells. An immunofluorescent study of these IFP in a ease of a granular cell ameloblastoma revealed that all tumor cells contained the IFP keratin. Some granular cells, however, also contained the IFP vimentin, which is considered specific for mesenchymal tissues only. The implications of these observations are discussed. Study with monoclonal antibodies indicated the origin of the ameloblastoma from non‐keratinized squamous epithelium. A comparison of the anti‐keratin immunofluorescence pattern of the ameloblast‐like cells in the present tumor with ameloblasts in the tooth germ revealed no similarities, indicating that despite some resemblance of the peripheral columnar cells to ameloblasts, these cells differ in other aspects.
Plasma amylase after parotid traumatization or duct ligation of male rats
Authors: Dean D. H. , Hiramoto R. N.
Published: April 2006

Parotid traumatization resulted in significant hyperamylasemia at 2 and 18 h. but resolved by 72 h after surgery. Traumatization of the exorbital lacrimal gland did not result in hyperamylasemia. Parotid duet ligation led to significantly increased amylase levels at 24 and 48 h, but resolved by 72 h.
Ultrastructural localization of acid phosphatase activity in plasma cells containing Russell's bodies in periodontitis
Authors: Tanaka A. , Mayahara H. , Wada S. , Tomita J. , Tsutsui M.
Published: April 2006

Acid phosphatase activity was examined ultracytochemically in gingival specimens to elucidate the response of plasma cells to Russell's bodies. The acid phosphatase activity was discernible in lysosomes of various morphology, some of which contained Russell's bodies. The acid phosphatase activity was stronger in the peripheries of such lysosomes, but weak activity was also found inside Russell's bodies. These findings indicated that at least some of Russell's bodies formed within the plasma cells were degraded in autophagolysosomes.
Dento‐alveolar abnormalities in oculomandibulodyscephaly (Hallermann‐Streiff Syndrome)
Authors: Slootweg P. J. , Huber J.
Published: April 2006

Oculomandibulodyscephaly (OMD) is characterized by anomalies of skull, mandible, skin and eyes and also by a proportionate nanism. Dental abnormalities are often observed but poorly defined. Examination of a 2‐month‐old infant that suffered from OMD, having died from an unrelated cause revealed premature eruption of several deciduous teeth, crowding of unerupted deciduous teeth and agenesis of all permanent teeth excepting the first permanent molars.
Occurrence of papillomavirus structural antigens in oral papillomas and leukoplakias
Authors: Löning Th. , Reichart P. , Staquet M. J. , Becker J. , Thivolet J.
Published: April 2006

Six oral papillomas and 7 oral leukoplakias were studied with genus‐specific antibodies against detergent‐disrupted papillomaviruses. Indirect immunofluorescence staining was applied to frozen sections. Distinct nuclear staining of superficial keratinocytes was seen in 5 of 6 oral papillomas, 2 of 5 homogenous leukoplakias, and in 2 cases of nodular leukoplakia, one of these showing transition into an invasive carcinoma. Papillomavirus antibodies offer a new way to detect and localize papillomaviruses in epithelial hyperplasias. The relevance of the immunomorphological identification of papillomavirus‐associated antigens is discussed with special reference to the molecular hybridization technique.
Carbohydrate composition of dental plaque from primates with irradiation caries
Authors: Emilson C. G. , Nilsson B. , Bowen W. H.
Published: April 2006

Carbohydrate analyses were performed on dental plaque collected from the teeth of irradiated monkeys, non‐irradiated monkeys and a group of Streptococcus mutans free animals, all of which were fed the same standard cariogenic diet. Glucose was the predominant sugar constituent in plaque and was detected in highest concentration in the irradiated animals. Small amounts of pentoses and other hexoses were also present. Plaque from irradiated animals contained, by comparison with the other groups, higher levels of Strep, mutans and lower levels of Streptococcus sanguis and Actinomyces.
Effects of 12‐0‐tetradecanoyl‐phorbol‐13‐acetate on oral epithelium in vitro
Authors: Schuster G. S. , Singh B. B. , Erbland J. F. , Ringler M. B.
Published: April 2006

TPA, a tumor promoter whose initial site of action is the cell membrane, was examined for its actions on hamster oral mucosa using light and scanning electron‐microscopic procedures. Hamster check‐pouch explants were cultured in vitro, then treated for 72 h with 1.6 × 10−8 M TPA. Treated cultures showed a higher mitotic index and more extensive growth than control cultures. Epithelial cells in the control cultures appeared polygonal, with thin, small to medium microvilli. The cells in the treated cultures showed variable shape and surface morphology. Some were interconnected by broad cytoplasmic extensions while others demonstrated long, thin processes that traversed great distances. The unusual surface morphology may be a manifestation of altered phospholipid metabolism that produces a more “fluid” cytoplasmic membrane.
Immunohistochemical characterization of functional markers in human minor salivary gland tumors
Authors: Saito I. , Teratani K. , Inoue M. , Saito A. , Funatsu K. , Moro I.
Published: April 2006

The distribution of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), secretory component (SC), immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin M (IgM), J‐chain, and lysozyme in tumors of minor salivary glands was investigated using an immunoperoxidase method. Although CEA was demonstrated in both benign and malignant tumors, its distribution was relatively more common and with increased staining intensity in malignant tissues. In pleomorphic adenomas, the distribution of SC was similar to that of IgA and J‐chain, suggesting the presence of secretory IgA in the epithelial cells. However, some neoplastic epithelial cells contained SC but not IgA and J‐chain. No IgM was detected in such cells. Lysozyme could be demonstrated only in pleomorphic adenomas. Mucocpidermoid tumors and adenoidcystic carcinomas were negative for lysozyme. These findings suggest that some neoplastic ductal epithelial cells of pleomorphic adenomas retain functional characteristics of normal epithelial cells.
Oral warty dyskeratoma
Authors: Chau M. N. Y. , Radden B. G.
Published: April 2006

Warty dyskeratoma (WD) is a benign solitary lesion of unknown aetiology affecting the skin and oral mucosa. The profound dyskeratotic changes may mimic invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Two cases of oral WD, which were originally diagnosed as early squamous cell carcinoma, arc presented. The clinical features, histopathology and aetiology are reviewed together with other reports in the literature. These 2 cases have been followed for 14 and 6 years respectively and they are the longest follow‐up periods reported in the literature in English. The lesions have not recurred.
Loss of Langerhans cells from gingival tissue maintained in organ culture
Authors: Walsh L. J. , Powell R. N. , Seymour G. J. , Newcomb G. M.
Published: April 2006

Changes occurring in a population of Langerhans cells (LC) were investigated using human gingival epithelium maintained in organ culture. The enzyme adenosine 5′‐triphosphatase together with the surface antigens HLA‐DR and T6 were used to identify and quqntitate these cells. An exponential fall in the expression of each of these markers was seen to occur with increasing incubation lime, suggesting that a true loss of these cells is in fact occurring. HLA‐DR antigen is shed from LC at a rate significantly greater than thai al which LC are lost. A mathematical model which simulates the behaviour of LC within organ culture is presented, and several implications and possible explanations proposed.
Glycosaminoglycans in fluid aspirates from odontogenic cysts
Authors: Smith G. , Smith A. J. , Browne R. M.
Published: April 2006

Glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans were analysed in keratinizing and non‐keratinizing odontogenic cyst fluids. Hyaluronic acid showed the highest incidence and abundance amongst the glycosaminoglycans detected. Appreciable amounts of ehondroitin‐4‐sulphatc were also observed, particularly in the dental cysts, with lesser amounts of the other glycosaminoglycans. Heparan sulphate showed a higher incidence and abundance in the keratocyst than the other cysts, whilst chondroitin‐6‐sulphatc could not be detected in any of the cysts. A considerable proportion of the glycosaminoglycans of the fluids appeared to be complexed with protein and was released only after protcolytic digestion. The origin of these macromolecules is uncertain although it is likely that they are derived from both the connective tissue and the epithelium of the cyst wall.
Benign fibroblastic tumor‐like lesion simulating malignancy in the maxilla
Authors: Kurihara K. , Ohba S. , Hashimoto N.
Published: April 2006

A benign fibroblastic lesion simulating malignancy is reported. The lesion occurred in the right maxilla of an 11‐year‐old girl and perforated the outer cortical plate, suggesting malignancy. The biopsy, however, revealed proliferation of fibroblasts and fibrocytes with neither prominent atypia nor mitosis in a myxoid matrix. Electron microscopy showed that some fibroblastic cells were indeed myofibroblasts. As the lesion did not belong to any established entities, the final pathological diagnosis of benign fibroblastic lesion was made, leading to conservative surgery. The patient is well without recurrence 18 months after surgery.
Dental involvement in congenital chloride diarrhea
Authors: Kerebel L.‐M. , Kekehel B. , Ajacques J.‐C.
Published: April 2006

Dental involvement in a case of congenital chloride diarrhea (CCD) was studied using light microscopy of decalcified and undecalcified sections, microradiography and TEM. Mixed enamel lesions were found, involving gross liypoplasia at the cuspal level and hypocalcification occurring all over enamel. The hypocalcification resulted in the immature aspect of the prismatic enamel, porosities, amorphous areas, prominent incremental lines and round‐ended crystallites. A marked hypocalcification suggests a temporary break of amelogenesis likely related to acute episodes of the disease. Globular calcifications were associated with enamel formation. Dentinal hypoealcification was conspicuous and diffuse all over dentine. A globular mineralization pattern was revealed by the tretracycline (TC) stain which was well preserved in decalcified sections, thus indicating that TC uptake is related to the organic matrix. It is unlikely that TC alone is responsible for the hypocalcified areas which extended widely beyond the TC‐stained bands. It is suggested that TC uptale only adds to dental defects induced by the metabolic troubles of CCD.
Oral lesion in a patient with calcinosis and arthritis: case report and differential diagnosis
Authors: Bernstein M. L. , Neal D. C.
Published: April 2006

Calcinosis, the process whereby calcium salts are deposited in soft tissues, may be idiopathic, metastatic or dystrophic. Metastatic calcinosis develops in a variety of systemic diseases characterized by cither hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, or both. Dystrophic calcinosis refers to calcification of previously damaged or necrotic tissue. It may be found accompanying inflammatory or degenerative conditions and is frequently associated with connective tissue diseases. When pathologic calcification is widespread, an attempt must be made to determine the underlying cause. A case is presented in which there was multifocal calcium deposition in soft tissues, including an intra‐oral site. The patient also exhibited severe arthritis, sicca syndrome, focal alopecia and vitiligo. In view of this clinical spectrum, one of the “collagen diseases” (dermatomyositis, lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and scleroderina) was suspected as a predisposing factor for disseminated calcinosis. When diagnostic workup failed to reveal a specific connective tissue disease, it was concluded that “undifferentiated connective tissue disease” was responsible for dystrophic calcinosis.
Effects of hypothyroidism on the DNA, carbohydrate, soluble protein and sialic acid contents of rat submandibular glands
Authors: Morgan B. L. G. , Kuyatt B. L. , Fink J.
Published: April 2006

Submandibular glands are a target organ of thyroid hormones. This study examined the effects of hypothyroidism on the biochemical characteristics of these glands in the nil. There were no effects on the neutral sugar and DNA contents. However, soluble protein concentrations (μg/mg wet weight) were significantly decreased and sialic acid concentrations (μg/mg soluble protein) were significantly elevated.
Cysts of the jaws: Recent Advances
Authors: Shear M.
Published: April 2006

Presidential address delivered at the Second Meeting of the International Association of Oral Pathologists, The Netherlands, June 4th – 7th 1984.
Alterations in fibronectin distribution in oral mucosal vesiculo‐bullous lesions
Authors: Jonsson R. , Linde A.
Published: April 2006

The distribution of fibronectin in human oral mucosal vesiculo‐bullous diseases was studied by indirect immunofluorescence. Subepithelial (benign mucous membrane pemphigoid and erythema multiforme) as well as intraepithelial (pemphigus vulgaris and dyskeratosis follicularis) lesions were selected. A marked accumulation of fibronectin was generally found in the lamina propria and basement membrane region, except in dyskeratosis follicularis. Intraepithelial staining occurred in erythema multiforme and dyskeratosis follicularis. In pemphigus vulgaris intercellular staining was seen in relation to acantholysis. Both mucous membrane pemphigoid and erythema multiforme showed a linear accumulation corresponding to the intact basement membrane. However, only pemphigoid lesions disclosed fibronectin on the epithelial side of the vesicles.
Regional odontodysplasia in epidermal nevus syndrome
Authors: Slootweg P. J. , Meuwissen P. R. M.
Published: April 2006

Epidermal nevus syndrome is defined as a combination of nevoid skin alterations, epileptic seizures, and psychomotoric retardation. Involvement of other organs, especially the eyes, may also occur, but is not obligatory. The present report is concerned with a case that combined regional odontodysplasia with nevoid skin alterations in the overlying skin area of the face. This observation suggests that odontodysplasia may be the result of aberrations in the development and migration of cells of the neural crest occurring early in embryonic life.
Studies on the vascular drainage system of the hamster buccal pouch
Authors: Giunta J. L. , Schwartz J. L. , Antoniadis D.
Published: April 2006

Because some investigators feel that the hamster buccal pouch is an immune privileged site with no lymphatic drainage, this study was done to demonstrate and further elucidate a drainage system from the pouch to the cervical nodes. Eight hamsters were injected with india ink, submucosally in the right pouch. Dissections at one or 2 days revealed ink in macrophages in the right submandibular nodes at 2 days. Histologically, the ink was noted within macrophages which aggregated around blood vessels. No lymph vessels were noted in the pouch. Six hamsters were injected with fluorochrome‐labelled latex microspheres. At 2 and at 4 days the microspheres were noted in both the pouches and the ipsilateral submandibular nodes. The results indicate there is a delayed lymphatic drainage from cheek pouches to the submandibular nodes mediated by macrophages.
Diabetes mellitus and associated oral manifestations: a review
Authors: Murrah V. A.
Published: April 2006

Oral research concerning diabetes mellitus has revealed a number of clinical implications. These include, among others, the need for more intense management of the diabetic patient with periodontal disease because tissue destruction may be accelerated, the need for rapid control of oral infection in these patients in order to prevent exacerbation of the existing metabolic imbalance, and the desirability of performing a screening for diabetes mellitus on all patients exhibiting asymptomatic parotid enlargement. Despite the explosion of knowledge concerning diabetes mellitus that has occurred since the discovery of insulin, its definitive etiology continues to elude the scientific community and its treatment remains in the realm of clinical management rather than in that of prevention and cure. In the past, research on diabetes has focused on the role of insulin in seeking the fundamental etiology of diabetes and its complications. With the progression of research, it has become apparent that the initiation and progression of the disease probably involve the interplay of a multiplicity of factors. Hereditary and immunologic factors, as suggested earlier, appear to be operated on by environmental factors, subsequently altering the body's metabolic milieu with widespread primary and secondary effects. Fertile areas for future oral research in diabetes mellitus will include, therefore, genetics, immunology, enzymology, and basement membrane pathology. On the cellular and molecular levels, particularly, the oral cavity and associated structures comprise a somewhat under‐investigated area in diabetes mellitus research and, thus, hold great promise for increasing our knowledge of this complex disease.
The pathological significance of Langerhans cells in oral cancer
Authors: Kurihara K. , Hashimoto N.
Published: April 2006

The functional role of Langerhans cells (LCs) in oral cancer was studied, based on a quantitative analysis of LCs in squamous cell carcinomas arising from the tongue. LCs were identified by their positiveness for S100‐protein and other cytological characters based on PAP method. LCs increased in number in the cancer region and showed an intimate relationship with lymphocytes in terms of their number and distribution. Moreover, in those cases with many LCs, clusters consisting of LCs and lymphocytes were often found to combine into “hydropic degeneration‐like” lesions as seen in allergic disease such as dermal lichen planus. These findings, as well as the review of literature, suggested some immunological role of LCs in oral carcinoma.
Glycosaminoglycans in myxoma of the jaw: a biochemical study
Authors: Slootweg P. J. , van den Bos T. , Straks W.
Published: April 2006

Myxoma of the jaw is classified as an odontogenic tumor although final proof for an odontogenic origin is lacking. In the present study glycosaminoglycans (GAG's) in the extracellular matrix of a jaw myxoma were analyzed and compared with known data on GAG's in dental tissues. It was noted that the GAG's formed approximately 1% of the total tumor weight and 17% of the dry weight. Hyaluronic acid formed 72.4% of the GAG‐fraction. Neither this high GAG‐content nor the high fraction of hyaluronic acid are found in dental tissues and it is concluded that the myxoma matrix differs from the matrix in dental pulp and periodontal ligament.
Basement membrane confinement of epithelial tumor islands in benign and malignant ameloblastomas
Authors: Sauk J. J.
Published: April 2006

The extent of basement membrane confinement among 5 cases of ameloblastoma and a malignant counterpart were studied by immunohistochemistry. For these studies, antibodies to 2 basement membrane components. Type IV collagen and laminin, were studied by immunohistochemistry. Our results show that the tumor islands of ameloblastomas are circumferentially delineated by a linear staining to both antibasement membrane antibodies, and that these findings were consistent for all of the patterns of ameloblastoma investigated. These data suggest that ameloblastomas spread into tissue spaces by expanding their compartmental volumes rather than by secreting proteinases that disrupt their basement membranes compartmental barriers. In contrast, the single case of malignant ameloblastoma investigated was not delineated by circumferential linear basement membrane components. However, this tumor and all of its metastases did contain numerous focal areas of Type IV collagen and laminin immunoreactive materials. Collectively, these studies indicate that the use of specific antibodies to basement membrane components may help to differentiate ameloblastomas from malignant lesions.
Gingival keratinocytes express HLA‐DR antigens in chronic gingivitis
Authors: Walsh L. J. , Seymour G. J. , Powell R. N.
Published: April 2006

The expression of the histocompatibility antigens HLA‐DR and HLA‐A, B, C within periodontally diseased tissue was investigated using immunohistological and histochemical techniques. Tissue was obtained from 18 patients with periodontal disease and from 2 healthy volunteers. HLA‐DR antigen was expressed by the keratinocytes of the oral epithelium in all inflamed samples but was not a feature of normal tissue where HLA‐DR reactivity was confined to Langerhans cells. These results are consistent with an underlying cellular immune process. Using a variety of phenotypic markers it was possible to characterize the macrophage population within the connective tissue into 2 distinct types: an antigen‐presenting cell type located subjacent to the oral epithelium and a phagocytic cell type situated deep within the connective tissue.
Immunohistochemical observation of EGF and NGF in submandibular glands after duct ligation with or without testosterone administration
Authors: Takai Y. , Sumitomo S. , Noda Y. , Asano K. , Mori M.
Published: April 2006

Immunohistochemical defection of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) was carried out in duct‐ligated submandibular glands (SMG) of mice with or without testosterone treatement. High levels of EGF and NGF were limited to granular convoluted tubule (GCT) cells in normal adult male mice, and reduced levels were evident in the female. After duet ligation, EGF and NGF stainings began to decrease on the 2nd or 3rd day, and by the 10th day, no staining was detectable. Decreasing levels of EGF and NGF following duct ligation, were more pronounced in the male SMG than in the female. Testosterone administration before ligation resulted in decreased EGF and NGF levels of staining; however, staining of sections on the 1st and 3rd day was a little stronger than comparable stained sections of untreated mice. In contrast, testosterone administration after duet ligation showed GCT cells of normal size with some degranulation at 10 days and irregular staining of growth factors with varying degrees of degranulation at 14 days. Histochemical staining for EGF and NGF in this group was marked, as in the normal, until the 10th day with decreasing reactions by the 14th day.
A simplified method for culture of oral epithelial cells
Authors: Schuster G. S. , Singh B. B. , Welter D. A. , Erbland J. F.
Published: April 2006

In order to facilitate studies on oral mucosa a simplified method for the culture of oral epithelial cells from adult hamsters was developed. Cheek pouches were excised and epithelial cells isolated by collagenase digestion. These were grown in CM‐V medium containing spermine in order to inhibit overgrowth of the epithelial cells by fibroblasts. The epithelial cells were subcultured by routine tissue culture procedures. The cells isolated were examined by light microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Morphologically the cells were typical of epithelial cells. Ultrastructural examination showed structures typical of epithelia including filaments, keratohyalin granules and desmosomal junctions. The culture system provides epithelial cells that can be used for a variety of biochemical and morphological studies.
Ultrastructure of mast cells in the hyperplastic buccal mucosa of the zinc‐deficient rat
Authors: Stoncius L. V. , Ashrafi S. H. , Meyer J.
Published: April 2006

As previously reported, young rats on zinc‐deficient diets develop a marked epithelial hyperplasia in the mucosa of the cheek, associated with a four‐fold increase in the number of mast cells in the lamina propria. We now report the results of a quantitative and qualitative ultrastructural study of these mast cells. In contrast to the cells in mast cell‐related disease, the cells were of normal morphology, but of consistently increased size, containing proportionally increased numbers of mitochondria and specific granules. The size distribution of the granules was as in controls. Microvilli were lengthened in proportion to the increase in the cell circumference. The number of nuclear pores was increased but their spacing was as in controls. In all these measurements, the experimental mast cells were a remarkably homogeneous population. We conclude that mast cells are capable of developing into cells of larger size showing evidence of greater activity. It may be that this development occurs in response to the same (unknown) stimulus which causes their number to increase. By virjuc of their increased number and size, mast cells may play an important role in the enhancement of the microcirculation commonly seen in conditions of epithelial hyperplasia.
The black layer on the teeth of betel chewers: a light microscopic, microradiographic and electronmicroscopic study
Authors: Reichart P. A. , Lenz H. , König H. , Becker J. , Mohr U.
Published: April 2006

Ten teeth of betel chewing P'wo Karen, a hilltribe group of northern Thailand were available for this morphologic study. The structural composition of the black layer on these teeth was studied by light microscopy, microradiography and by electronmicroscopy. Principally, the black layer on the teeth of betel chewers was identical with subgingival calculus which had been colored by specific polyphenols contained in the betel nut. However, a pellicle‐like layer forming initially on enamel crystals was also observed, from the morphologic aspect of the black layer a specific anticariogenic property cannot be attested. Further studies on the chemical composition of this black layer may elucidate its probable anticariogenic and its carcinogenic properties relative to oral suhmucous fibrosis.
An example of the use of quantitation in histological diagnosis by a comparison of normal human cheek mucosa and cheek mucosa affected by lichen planus
Authors: Heggie A. A. C. , Lacy M. , Reade P. C.
Published: April 2006

As an example of the use of quantitation in histological diagnosis the features of normal human check mucosa (NHCM) and non‐ulcerative lichen planus of the check mucosa (LPCM) have been systematically studied and quantified in order to establish normal an pathological features which arc constant. The technique enabled the quantitative verification of previously held concepts relating to NHCM and LPCM. A number of interesting features which have been given little attention in past literature we e also noted. It is proposed that a reliable quantifiable range of characteristic histological features should be established for use in diagnosis where possible rather than relying on the subjective approach currently employed.
Growth behavior and lineage of isolated and cultured cells derived from giant cell granuloma of the mandible
Authors: El‐Mofty S. K. , Osdoby P.
Published: April 2006

A central giant cell granuloma of the mandible was fractionated into its mononuclear and mullinuclear cellular constituents. The cells were subsequently grown in tissue culture Sections from the original lesion and the cultured cells were analysed histochemically and immunocytochemically. Acid phosphatase, non‐specific esterase. Lysozyme and alpha‐1‐antitrypsin were employed as markers for cells of histiocytic origin and Factor VIII‐related antigen served as an endothelial cell marker. The mononuclear cells were of 2 types; a spindle‐shaped cell and a round macrophage‐like cell. The giant cells and the macrophage‐like cells had a limited life span in culture and survived for up to 2 and 5 weeks respectively. However, the spindle shaped cells continued to proliferate with a doubling time of 48 h. The giant cells and the macrophage‐like cells were identical in their staining characteristics and showed positive staining for all the histiocytic markers tested In contrast, the spindle‐shaped cells were negative for those markers. None of the 3 cell types stained positively for Factor VIII‐related antigen. These findings suggest that the giant cells in giant cell granuloma of the jaw are reactive, fully differentiated end‐cells that arc probably derived from stromal macrophages. The histogenesis of the spindle‐shaped cell is not yet known. It is also shown in this study that the histochemical and in vitro growth characteristics of the cells of central giant cell granuloma of the mandible arc analogous to those of giant cell tumors of long bones.
Macrophages in oral lichen planus
Authors: Matthews J. B. , Basu M. K. , Potts A. J. C.
Published: April 2006

The presence and distribution of macrophages within 15 non‐ulcerated lesions of oral lichen planus was investigated using an immunoperoxidase technique for the detection of the macrophage markers lysozyme and α1 antitrypsin. All specimens contained mononuclear lysozyme and α1 antitrypsin positive cells which were concentrated in a band immediately beneath the epithelium and often associated with areas of damaged basal cells. Cell counts revealed that 11% of the positive cells were in the epithelium and 89% in the lamina propria. Approximately 61% of all positive cells were found within a 125 μm wide zone centred on the basement membrane. These results suggest that in oral lichen planus macrophages are in close proximity to the epithelial basal cells, where cell damage occurs, and play a role in the pathogenesis of his condition.
Alveolar wound healing alteration under uranyl nitrate intoxication
Authors: Guglelmotti M. B. , Ubios A. M. , Cabrini R. L.
Published: April 2006

The deposit of uranium compounds in calcifying zones has been demonstrated in hone. Nevertheless, no studies on the effect of uranium on osteogenesis have been performed. A histologic and histometric study of the effect of a single intraperitoneal injection of 2 mg/kg of body weight of uranyl nitrate on bone formation is presented. It was performed on rats' healing sockets. 14 days after tooth extraction. The alveolar bone volume (15 × 105μm2 vs. 34 × 105μm2), total bone formation areas (4.85% vs. 19.55%). and volume density of bone in the alveolar apical third (0.26 vs. 0.40) were significantly lower in intoxicated animals than in the controls. These results indicate the inhibitory effect of uranyl nitrate on bone formation.
Calcification of non‐collagenous matrix in human gingiva: a light and electron microscopic study
Authors: Bab I. , Lustmann J. , Azaz B. , Gazit D. , Garfunkel A.
Published: April 2006

Tissue samples obtained from human gingiva with soft tissue calcification were processed for light and transmission electron microscopy. The stroma in these specimens revealed numerous foci of calcification in a matrix that consisted of closely packed branching microfibrils, 12 nm in diameter and a maximum of 2.5 μm in length. Calcospherites, 0.25–1.11 μm in diameter, were present within the matrix. They were constructed of needle‐like units shown by high resolution electron microscopy and energy dispersive X‐ray microanalysis to be apatite. Larger calcified masses were composed of calcospherites which were fused together. Matrix vesicles or other forms of membranous material could not be found. The relationship between the mineral and non‐collagenous microfibrils may suggest a role for the latter in the onset of calcification in this ectopic site.
Ultrastructural findings and clinical follow‐up of ‘strawberry gums’ in Wegener's granulomatosis
Authors: Raustia A. M. , Autio‐Harmainen H. I. , Knuuttila M. L. E. , Raustia J. M.
Published: April 2006

Gingival changes in one patient with Wegener's granulomatosis were followed up for one year. A strawberry appearance was present in the marginal gingiva regardless of very effective periodontal treatment. Light microscopy showed acute vasculitis and an inflammatory infiltration containing mainly plasma cells and eosinophilic and neutrophilic granulocytes. The diagnosis of necrotizing vasculitis was confirmed by electron microscopy. Intravascular lysis of cells with aggregation of platelets seemed to be important in the pathogenesis of the vasculitis. The results emphasize the importance of a gingival biopsy, alongside lung and renal biopsies, as an aid in the primary diagnosis of Wegener's granulomatosis.
Diphenylhydantoin inhibits parathyroid hormone and prostaglandin E2‐stimulated bone resorption in mouse calvaria without affecting cyclic AMP formation
Authors: Lerner U. , Fredholm B. B. , Hängström L.
Published: April 2006

The effect of diphenylhydantoin (DPH) on mouse calvarial bone metabolism was studied in vitro. DPH caused a dose‐dependent, reversible inhibition of PTH and PGE2‐stimulated bone resorption at concentrations above 20–30 μg/ml without affecting cyclic AMP formation The inhibition was observed already after 60 min and was accompanied by a reduced release of the lysosomal enzymes β‐glucuronidase and β‐N‐acetylglucosaminidase The calcium antagonist Verapamil® had similar effects on bone resorption and lysosomal enzyme release and it is suggested that DPH influences bone resorption by interfering with calcium fluxes across osteoclastic cell membranes resulting in low intracellular calcium levels and reduced exocytotic processes.
Osteosarcoma in irradiated fibrous dysplasia
Authors: Mock D. , Rosen I. B.
Published: April 2006

A case is described of Osteosarcoma arising in a pre‐existing fibrous dysplasia fifty years after radiotherapy for facial hirsutism. The patient was treated by surgical excision and chemotherapy and is alive and free of disease five years later.
Immunohistochemical localization of keratin in experimental carcinoma of the mouse submandibular gland
Authors: Takai Y. , Murase N. , Hosaka M. , Kawamura K. , Mori M.
Published: April 2006

An immunohistochemical survey of the distribution of keratin was studied in chemically induced carcinomas of the submandibular glands of mice. Initial signs of premalignant changes were degranulation of granular convoluted tubule cells and deposition of keratin protein in small limited areas of the degranulated cells. There was a gradual increase in the area showing keratin staining in altered tubule cells. Duct‐like and cystic structures stained intensely for keratin, as did squamous metaplastic epithelial cells. Induced carcinomas were variably keratinized. Basal layers of cells of squamous‐cell carcinomas displayed weak keratin staining, and spinous tumor cells and parakeratotic tumor cells showed somewhat increased levels of keratin staining. Some desquamated keratotic tumor cells stained intensely for keratin. Just as the localization of epidermal and nerve growth factors and lectin‐binding histochemistry have been used in studying tumorigenesis in the mouse submandibular gland, immunohistochemically detected keratin proved to be a useful marker of tumor cells of ductal segment origin.
Cemento‐fibrous dysplasia of the periodontal membrane (studies of the European hamster maxillary incisor)
Authors: Althoff J. , Koch W. , Reichart P.
Published: April 2006

The periodontal membrane of European hamster maxillary incisors showed histologic changes consisting of an irregularly orientated, less vascularized connective tissue which included abundant cementicle‐like structures. The changes were multilocal and bilateral, growing towards the alveolar bone (Grade 1), causing atrophy of the alveolar bone due to compression (Grade 2) and reaching the periosteal membranes (Grade 3). In a few animals, the lesions were seen after one year. They were seen in 80% of hamsters more than 2 years old. Carcinogenic exposure did not alter the latency and incidence of the alterations. The lesions were thought to be a spontaneously occurring disease representing a nodular cemento‐fibrous dysplasia of the periodontium. As, morphologically, no exact attribution to other odontogenic or mesenchymal growth could be made, the entity of this periodontal lesion was considered. Although the changes observed in the periodontal membrane of the maxillary incisors of the European hamster were not exactly comparable to odontogenic cemental lesions in man, they may serve as a model to further clarify the nature of fibro‐osseous lesions.
Keratin proteins in human oral mucosa
Authors: Clausen H. , Moe D. , Buschard K. , Dabelsteen E.
Published: April 2006

We have examined the keratin proteins in normal human oral mucosa from 6 different regions including hard palate, buccal mucosa, tongue, gingiva and floor of the mouth. Urea‐dithiothreitol extracts of EDTA separated epithelia were analysed by SDS‐PAGE and immunoblotting. Eight samples from each region were investigated and showed very little individual variation in the keratin profile on Coomasic Blue‐stained gels. The keratinizing hard palate and gingiva expressed identical patterns and resembled the pattern of epidermis from the flank region. The normally non‐keratinizing buccal mucosa and the mucosa of the floor of the mouth expressed polypeptides distinctly different from those of the keratinizing epithelia and lacked the high molecular weight keratins. The dorsal surface of the tongue and the commissure region showed a pattern intermediate between keratinizing and non‐keratinizing epithelia. The greater sensitivity of the immunoblotting technique revealed that the non‐keratinizing epithelia synthesized one of the high molecular polypeptides and that the tongue produced all the bands found in keratinizing epithelia, but in very small quantities. There are, thus, distinct differences in the keratin expression of oral epithelia which are related to the pattern of keratinization assessed histologically.
Signet‐ring cell microfollicular adenoma arising in a nodular ectopic thyroid. A case report
Authors: Alsop J. E. , Yerbury P. J. , O'Donnell P. J. , Heyderman E.
Published: April 2006

A symptomless submandibular mass removed from a 61‐year‐old white male proved to be a signet‐ring microfollicular adenoma arising in ectopic thyroid tissue. The lesion was established as a primary, non‐mucin producing thyroid adenoma and a diagnosis of secondary signet‐ring adenocarcinoma excluded.
Age changes in residual radicular cysts
Authors: High A. S. , Hirschmann P. N.
Published: April 2006

Histological and radiographic study of 33 uninfected residual radicular cysts has shown that there is a slow increase in mineralised deposits within the cyst lumen with time. This becomes prominent histochemically in those cysts more than 8 years old and radiographically 6 years later. It would appear that mineralisation in these elderly cysts is due to dystrophic calcification of deucnerate cellular material within the cyst lumen. Inflammation in all cysts, apart from mild granulomatous reactions related to cholesterol within cyst walls, was minimal. Overall reduction of cyst size with increasing epithelial atrophy and loss of hyaline bodies and mucous cells, has been shown to occur with increasing cyst age. It is suggested that the majority of radicular cysts heal spontaneously following extraction of the associated tooth. Furthermore, lesions that persist as residual radicular cysts will also undergo slow resolution if inflammation is not a prominent feature.
Analysis of HLA antigens in Japanese with oral lichen planus
Authors: Watanabe T. , Ohishi M. , Tanaka K. , Sato H.
Published: April 2006

Analysis of HLA antigens was performed in 42 Japanese patients with oral lichen planus (OLP). There were no significant differences in the frequency of HLA‐A, B, C antigens between OLP‐patients and control subjects, although a decreasing trend in the frequency of Bw 52 and an increasing trend in that of Bw 61 and Cw 3 was noted. Among the HLA‐DR and DQ antigens studied, the frequency of DRw 9 was significantly increased (Pc<0.05, RR = 3.3) and the relative risk was increased (RR = 6.0) when DRw 9 was carried on as a Bw 61/DRw 9 haplotype. Our results suggest that HLA‐associated genetic factors play a role to some extent in the development of OLP.
Dental and craniofacial anomalies of Axenfeld‐Rieger syndrome
Authors: Childers N. K. , Wright J. T.
Published: April 2006

Apart from the three distinguishing findings for the diagnosis of Axenfeld‐Rieger syndrome (oligodontia, failure of periumbilical skin to involute, and ocular anterior chamber defects), a common feature is midfacc hypoplasia. Two theories have been proposed to explain the midfacc hypoplasia. One theory suggests a pleiotropic gene effect of defective neural crest cells, while the other theory proposes that midface hypoplasia is a local effect due to the absence of teeth. This study presents an evaluation of the craniofacial defects in a family affected with Axenfeld‐Rieger syndrome. The maxillary deficiency in three affected patients was not limited to the alveolar regions. We conclude that a combination of skeletal and dentoalveolar factors contributes to the midface hypoplasia associated with Axenfeld‐Rieger syndrome.
The reversibility of the snuff‐induced lesion: an experimental study in the rat
Authors: Hirsch J.‐M. , Larsson P.‐A. , Johansson S. L.
Published: April 2006

Snuff lesions were induced in 30 rats. Ten of the snuff‐exposed rats were killed immediately alter 13 months snuff exposure, as were the 10 control animals. Ten rats were killed 1 month and 10 rats 4 months after the snuff administration had ceased. The rats exposed to snuff for 13 months exhibited hyperplastic, hyperorthokeratotic epithelium with focal mild atypia, focal ulcerations and marked subepithelial fibrosis. These changes were markedly reduced or absent in rats exposed to snuff and killed after a snuff‐free interval of 1 or 4 months. Similar differences between the test‐groups were seen in the epithelium lining the gingival sulcus of the lower incisors. This area seems to be more sensitive to chemical exposure than the oral mucosa proper as more severe microscopical changes were seen here. Snuff exposure results in the development of a hyperplastic, reactive, reversible lesion of the oral mucosa, suggesting that snuff predominantly has promoting activity when administered for a relatively short interval of time.
Cells infiltrating human periapical inflammatory lesions
Authors: Kontiainen S. , Ranta H. , Lautenschlager I.
Published: April 2006

Cells infiltrating human periapical granulomas and cysts were analyzed using cell suspensions. Over 50% of the total cells studied were lymphocytes whilst neutrophils were the next most frequent cell type observed. Two percent of the cells were mast cells. Only a few monocytes/macrophages and natural killer cells were found. More than half of the lymphocytes infiltrating the lesions were T cells, and more than half of the T cells were of the suppressor/cytotoxic (OKT8) phenotype. The OKT4/OKT8 ratio was 0.5. The findings are compared to previous reports and the differences discussed.
Nutritional factors and oral candidosis
Authors: Samaranayake L. P.
Published: April 2006

A variety of nutritional factors including deficiencies of iron, folic acid, vitamins, and diets rich in carbohydrates have been implicated in the pathogenesis of oral candidal infections. The following reviews the growing body of data, from in vivo and in vitro studies, related to each of these implicated factors. Although much disagreement exists as to the specific roles played by these individual factors, there is little doubt that nutritional factors either acting locally or via systemic mechanisms could significantly affect the pathogenesis of oral candidoses. Hence, the role of these less well‐characterised predisposing factors should be considered when one is treating patients with intractable oral candidal infections.
Fluoride‐induced cystic changes in the enamel organ of the rat molar
Authors: Nordlund A. Lange , Ekstrand J. Lindskog , Hammarström L.
Published: April 2006

Many substances have been found to cause enamel disturbances in toxic doses, and it has been postulated that these disturbances are linked to the formation of sub‐ameloblastic cysts. In the present investigation, fluoride‐induced sub‐ameloblastic cysts in developing rat molars were related to fluoride dose, age of the animals, and the plasma fluoride level. The sub‐ameloblastic cysts, which developed predominantly towards the end of the secretory stage of amelogenesis, appeared shortly after fluoride administration and regressed within 3 days. Hypoplasias and internal defects were found in the enamel under the disturbed ameloblast layer. The highest plasma fluoride levels were found in the youngest animals 24 h after injection. The frequency and size of the sub‐ameloblastic cysts were clearly related to the fluoride‐dose and age of the animal and, subsequently, to the plasma fluoride level.
Relationship between fibronectin and lymphoid cells in buccal mucosa, labial salivary glands and palatine tonsil
Authors: Matthews J. B. , Potts A. J. C. , Trejdosiewicz L. K.
Published: April 2006

The distribution of fibronectin in human buccal mucosa and labial salivary glands and its relationship to lymphoid cells was studied using an immunoperoxidase technique and monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. In all specimens fibronectin was associated with basement membranes of epithelia. vascular endothelium and perincural sheaths. In historically normal areas of buccal mucosa fibronectin was distributed as a sparse network in the superficial lamina propria. A more extensive network of fibronectin was found within the lamina propria of mucosal specimens infiltrated with T lymphocytes, whereas fibronectin was absent in areas occupied by B lymphocytes. A sirelationship between lymphocyte type and the presence of a fibronectin network was found in labial glands and palatine tonsil. Fibronectin was not detected within oral, salivary gland, tonsillar crypt or capsular epithelium.
Salivary gland aplasia: an ectodermal disorder?
Authors: McDonald F. G. , Mantas J. , McEwen C. G. , Ferguson M. M.
Published: April 2006

Abstract A case of a patient presenting with the symptoms of lifelong xerostomia is discussed. Clinical investigation demonstrated aplasia of all the major salivary glands, lacrimal gland hypoplasia and enamel hypoplasia. The management and aetiology of The case is discussed.
Chemiluminescence in the assessment of polymorphonuclear leukocyte function in chronic inflammatory periodontal disease
Authors: Seymour G. J. , Whyte G. J. , Powell R. N.
Published: April 2006

Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN's) constitute the primary host resistance factor against infection. They are prominent cells in both the gingival tissue and gingival sulcus in most forms of periodontal disease. Although defective PMN function has been implicated in the pathogenesis of localized juvenile periodontitis (UP) and rapidly progressive periodontitis (RPP), this may not necessarily be the case in adult periodontitis (AP). A number of studies have failed to detect PMN dysfunction in AP. However, it may be that in this form of chronic inflammatory periodontal disease (CIPD) the defects in peripheral blood PMN function are subtle and the methods used may lack the necessary sensitivity. Chemiluminescence (CL) is the light energy produced by the PMN during its interaction with bacteria or other particles and has been demonstrated to correlate well with antibacterial integrity. Measurement of CL produced by phagocytically challenged PMN's may provide a very sensitive assay of the functional ability of these cells, and, hence, may be useful in assessing PMN activity in CIPD. Recent studies using PMN's obtained from periodontal diseased patients challenged with the periodontopathic organism Fusobacterium nucleaium have revealed an elevated CL response compared to non‐diseased controls. These results are reviewed and areas for future research discussed.