bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Income, Food Insecurity, and Osteoporosis among Older Adults in the 2007–2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)
Authors: Lyles Courtney R. , Schafer Anne L. , Seligman Hilary K.
Published: November 2014

Background . Low SES is associated with risk and protective factors for osteoporosis. However, there has been little examination of SES and osteoporosis in the U.S. Methods . We conducted a cross-sectional study of adults aged 50 or older in 2007–2008 NHANES, examining two predictors of SES: income and food insecurity. Our outcome was osteoporosis assessed from bone scans. Adjusted regression models (overall and gender-stratified) controlled for age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, BMI, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, calcium and vitamin D, and medication use. Results . Of 2403 participants, 5% had osteoporosis. In adjusted models, there was a higher risk of osteoporosis in low-income (OR; 95% CI: 1.90;1.07–3.37) and food-insecure populations (3.48;1.43–8.48). There was a stronger association with food insecurity among women (4.91;2.40–10.0) than men (0.46;0.07–3.01). Conclusions . Income and food insecurity may have significant implications not just for immediate nutritional outcomes, but also for conditions such as osteoporosis that develop over the lifespan.
Assessing the Capacity of Iowa’s Community Health Centers to Respond to the Opportunities and Challenges of the Affordable Care Act
Authors: Wright Brad , Damiano Peter C. , Bentler Suzanne E.
Published: November 2014

Purpose . To determine the current and future capacity of Iowa CHCs as the ACA is implemented. Methods . We conducted an online survey among executive directors of all 13 Iowa CHCs, asking about current capacity and demand for services, projected increases in capacity and demand, and organizational readiness for change. Results . Our survey response rate was 84.6%. Respondents reported shortages of physicians (72.7%), nurse practitioners (64%) and registered nurses (64%), and most CHCs attempting to recruit physicians (80%) indicated difficulty doing so. All respondents anticipate that the ACA will increase their provider needs and nearly 73% of CHCs anticipate an increase in the size of their patient population. Only 50% of CHCs agree that they have the resources to respond to the ACA’s challenges. Conclusion . Community health centers are embracing the opportunities before them and are willing to meet the challenges, but resource constraints may limit their ability to do so.
An Integrated Chronic Disease Management Model: A Diagonal Approach to Health System Strengthening in South Africa
Authors: Mahomed Ozayr Haroon , Asmall Shaidah , Freeman Melvyn
Published: November 2014

The integrated chronic disease management model provides a systematic framework for creating a fundamental change in the orientation of the health system. This model adopts a diagonal approach to health system strengthening by establishing a service-linked base to training, supervision, and the opportunity to try out, assess, and implement integrated interventions.
Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) Use among Non-Hispanic White, Mexican American, and Vietnamese American Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Nguyen Hannah , Sorkin Dara H. , Billimek John , Kaplan Sherrie H. , Greenfield Sheldon , Ngo- Metzger Quyen
Published: November 2014

Purpose . This study examines the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) by ethnicity/race among patients with type 2 diabetes. Subjects and methods . Four hundred and ten (410) patients with type 2 diabetes recruited from an academic-medical center completed a survey assessing CAM use, diabetes status, and sociodemographic characteristics. Results . Several significant ethnic/racial differences were observed in CAM use (both in the types of providers seen as well as in the herbs and dietary supplements used). Although White patients reported using CAM in addition to their diabetes medication (mean [SD] 4.9 [0.4] on a scale from 1=never to 5=always) more frequently than Mexican American patients (3.1 [1.6], p<.05), Mexican American patients (1.4 [1.1]) used CAM instead of their diabetes medications more frequently than non-Hispanic White patients (1.0 [0.1], p<.05). More Mexican American (66.7%) and Vietnamese American patients (73.7%) than non-Hispanic Whites (11.8%, p=.002) described CAM practitioners as being closer to their cultural traditions than Western practitioners, whereas Vietnamese patients were more likely to describe use of herbs and supplements as closer to their cultural traditions (84.5% versus 15.3% for White and 30.9% for Mexican American patients, p <.001). Conclusions . Considering the variability and perceptions in CAM use, providers should discuss with their patients how their CAM use may influence diabetes management behaviors.
Better Representing Transgender Patients in the Electronic Health Record
Authors: Shenoy Anant M. , Kashey Nikolaus , Brown Patrick , Kudler Neil R.
Published: November 2014

In an effort to represent transgender patients more adequately in our electronic health record, we convened a multidisciplinary team to customize a new electronic Social History module based on our vendor’s design. This Social History module will better serve our transgender patients and their health care providers.
Understanding and Measuring Health Care Insecurity
Authors: Tomsik Philip E. , Smith Samantha , Mason Mary Jane , Zyzanski Stephen J. , Stange Kurt C. , Werner James J. , Flocke Susan A.
Published: November 2014

Purpose . To define the concept of “health care insecurity,” validate a new self-report measure, and examine the impact of beginning care at a free clinic on uninsured patients’ health care insecurity. Methods . Consecutive new patients presenting at a free clinic completed 15 items assessing domains of health care insecurity (HCI) at their first visit and again four to eight weeks later. Psychometrics and change of the HCI measure were examined. Results . The HCI measure was found to have high internal consistency (α=0.94). Evidence of concurrent validity was indicated by negative correlation with VR–12 health-related quality of life physical and mental health components and positive correlation with the Perceived Stress Scale. Predictive validity was shown among the 83% of participants completing follow-up: HCI decreased after beginning care at a free clinic (p<.001). Conclusion . Reliably assessing patient experience of health care insecurity is feasible and has potential to inform efforts to improve quality and access to care among underserved populations.
Association of Infant Feeding with Adiposity in Early Childhood in a WIC Sample
Authors: Zhou Yuan E. , Emerson Janice S. , Husaini Baqar A. , Hull Pamela C.
Published: November 2014

Objectives . To evaluate the association of different infant feeding practices with adiposity in early childhood. Methods . Survey was conducted among 150 White, Black, and Hispanic low-income families with children ages 2–4. Results . History of supplementing breast milk with formula (mixed feeding) was more prevalent among Hispanic children (67.4%) than either White (8.5%) or Black children (22.7%) (p<.001). African American children had the highest BMI percentile of the three groups (p=.043), although Hispanic children had slightly higher birth weight than the other two groups (p=.06). Among Hispanic children, after adjusting for confounding variables including maternal BMI, the mixed feeding group and the exclusive formula-feeding group had significantly higher BMI percentile (b=3.068 and b=2.936, respectively) than the exclusive breastfeeding group. These associations were not observed among Blacks and Whites. Conclusion . Further research is warranted on the impact of different feeding practices during infancy on subsequent adiposity during pre-school years.
Health Literacy from the Perspective of African Immigrant Youth and Elderly: A PhotoVoice Project
Authors: Adekeye Oluwatoyosi , Kimbrough Jen , Obafemi Bola , Strack Robert W.
Published: November 2014

Background . This project examines the views of African immigrants on health, access to health resources in the U.S., and perceived barriers to a healthy wellbeing faced by the elderly immigrants in the community. Methods . PhotoVoice methodology was used to evaluate the views of African immigrant youths and elderly drawn from a convenience sample. Participants were trained on the use of cameras and guided by research questions while taking photographs. The photographs were analyzed, coded into themes and presented to community resource representatives at a photo exhibit. Results . Emergent themes were: 1) nutrition, obesity and physical activity; 2) occupational regulation and educational opportunities; 3) feeling of security and public safety; 4) ethno-racial diversity and the health care system; 5) religiosity and social well-being. Discussion . These results have implications for health care professionals and community agencies serving immigrant populations. A deeper look into the health issues affecting this population is essential.
Stigma and Difficulty Accessing Medical Care in a Sample of Adults with Serious Mental Illness
Authors: Ostrow Laysha , Manderscheid Ron , Mojtabai Ramin
Published: November 2014

Introduction . Wellness of people with mental illness is increasingly a public health priority. This study examined factors associated with difficulties receiving medical care in adults with mental illness. Methods . In a sample of 1,670 adults with mental illness, we assessed difficulties in accessing medical care and stigma. Results . A total of 465 (28%) participants reported difficulties in accessing medical care; 211 (13%) attributed difficulties in access to stigma. Lack of comprehensive medical care coverage and mental health symptoms were associated with increased odds of perceived difficulties in accessing medical care; personal empowerment was negatively associated with perceived difficulties attributed to stigma; education was positively associated. Discussion . The findings highlight unmet need for medical care in this population and the need to recognize stigma as a barrier medical care. Interventions to empower patients and educate medical providers about wellness for people with serious mental illness could help to reduce barriers.
“It’s Just a Way of Fitting In:” Tobacco Use and the Lived Experience of Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Appalachians
Authors: Bennett Keisa , Ricks JaNelle M. , Howell Britteny M.
Published: November 2014

Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) people are affected by multiple health disparities and risk factors, including tobacco use. Few studies to date have examined tobacco use specifically in rural LGB populations, and none has investigated the intersections of identity, rural LGB culture, and tobacco. The purpose of this study was to explore the perspective of Appalachian LGB people regarding tobacco use. Methods . Nineteen LGB-identified Appalachian residents participated in audiotaped, semi-structured interviews. Two authors analyzed and coded transcripts through constant comparison, and determined themes through consensus. Results . Five themes emerged: the convergence of Appalachian and LGB identities, tacit awareness of LGB identity by others, culture and tobacco use, perceived associations with tobacco use, and health beliefs and health care. Conclusions . LGB Appalachians connect stress and culture to tobacco, but seem less aware that partial concealment of their identity might be a source of the stress that could influence their smoking.
Assessing Health Literacy of Hypertensive Patients in a Primary Care Setting Using a Self-administered Questionnaire
Authors: Warren-Findlow Jan , Hutchison Jenny , Patel Pushti , Dulin Michael , Tapp Hazel , Kuhn Lindsay
Published: November 2014

The Newest Vital Sign (NVS) assesses health literacy in clinical settings. This exploratory study examined the feasibility of using the NVS as a self-administered questionnaire (SAQ) in a low-income, primary care setting. Adult hypertensive patients were recruited in 2011–2012 (n=238). Quantitative and qualitative analyses were conducted to examine potential issues with self-administration. Patients had low rates of adequate health literacy (28.4%). Only half of respondents completed the NVS (54.4%). Being Black, female, and having additional chronic illnesses increased the likelihood of being a partial responder as opposed to being a completer. Easier math problems and reading comprehension items were attempted in greater numbers by partial responders. Results indicate issues with interpretation and the need for better scoring instructions. Future studies that self-administer the NVS should consider slight modifications. The NVS provides important information about patients’ health literacy and it is a valuable tool to assess patients’ understanding of food labels.
Adapting an Evidence-Based Intervention for Homeless Women: Engaging the Community in Shared Decision-making
Authors: Cederbaum Julie A. , Song Ahyoung , Hsu Hsun-Ta , Tucker Joan S. , Wenzel Suzanne L.
Published: November 2014

As interest grows in the diffusion of evidence-based interventions (EBIs), there is increasing concern about how to mitigate implementation challenges; this paper concerns adapting an EBI for homeless women. Complementing earlier focus groups with homeless women, homeless service providers (n = 32) were engaged in focus groups to assess capacity, needs, and barriers with implementation of EBIs. Deductive analyses of data led to the selection of four EBIs. Six consensus groups were then undertaken; three each with homeless women (n = 24) and homeless service providers (n = 21). The selected EBI was adapted and pretested with homeless women (n = 9) and service providers (n = 6). The structured consensus group process provided great utility and affirmed the expertise of homeless women and service providers as experts in their domain. Engaging providers in the selection process reduced the structural barriers within agencies as obstacles to diffusion.
Unmet Need Among Homeless and Non-Homeless Patients Served at Health Care for the Homeless Programs
Authors: Zur Julia , Jones Emily
Published: November 2014

This study compared the level of unmet need for medical, dental, mental health (MH), and substance use disorder (SUD) treatment between homeless and non-homeless patients served at Health Care for the Homeless programs. Using the 2009 Health Center Patient Survey, logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between homelessness and unmet need for care. Descriptive statistics were then used to examine reasons for unmet need. Homeless patients were just as likely as non-homeless patients to have medical and dental treatment needs met. However, they were significantly more likely to report an unmet need for MH counseling and less likely to report an unmet need for SUD treatment. The primary reasons underlying unmet need were an inability to afford care and a lack of knowledge about where to obtain it. Results highlight the benefits of allotting additional funding to HCH programs so that they have the capacity to expand their overall scope of services.
Allocating HIV Treatment to the Adherent: A Qualitative Study of Patient Perceptions of their HIV Care in the Dominican Republic
Authors: Brooks Katherine , Laws Michael Barton , Wilson Ira
Published: November 2014

Background . The Dominican Republic (DR) has provided free antiretrovirals (ARVs) since 2004. Little is known about adherence to ARV regimens in the DR. Methods . We audio-recorded 53 HIV care visits at a hospital-based clinic in the DR, conducted post-visit interviews with each patient, and observed clinic policies and practices. Results . Scaled measures showed uniformly positive patient ratings of physician care and strong motivation for ARV adherence. However, it is clinic policy to suspend ARV treatment for patients believed to be non-adherent. This policy limited our study population, preventing us from talking to patients struggling with medication adherence. Clinical interactions featured little or no psychosocial content and patients did not consider physicians responsible for adherence counseling or problem solving. Discussion . Patients excluded from treatment may be those facing the greatest barriers to adherence, such as mental health and substance use disorders, and may be at risk of transmitting the virus.
Student Perceived Competence in Direct Access to Physical Therapy in a Doctor of Physical Therapy Program at a Historically Black University
Authors: Owens S. Christopher , Tucker Pamela , Rainey Yolanda , Edmunds Brian , Shetty Anand
Published: November 2014

Physical therapists provide care via direct access in many states. Greater perceived competence with direct access among graduating physical therapists is critical. The purpose of this study was to assess student physical therapists’ perceived competence with direct access. A survey instrument was created to determine levels of perceived competence at three phases of the physical therapy curriculum. The Friedman two-way ANOVA by ranks was used to assess differences between year one, year two, and year three responses for each individual survey question and the overall survey score. Total su rvey score demonstrated significant increased student perceived competence with direct access to physical therapy care direct access from year one total to year two (p = .018), year one to year three (p = .005), and year two to year three (p = .016). More fav orable attitudes among graduating physical therapists may have an influence on primary care for musculoskeletal conditions.
Racial Discrimination’s Influence on Smoking Rates among American Indian Alaska Native Two-Spirit Individuals: Does Pain Play a Role?
Authors: Johnson-Jennings Michelle D. , Belcourt Annie , Town Matthew , Walls Melissa L. , Walters Karina L.
Published: November 2014

High rates of racial discrimination and non-ceremonial tobacco smoking exist among American Indian/Alaska Native (AIAN) Two-Spirit/LGBT (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender) populations. The authors examined whether or not pain mediates between racial discrimination and smoking among Two-Spirits. Two-Spirit adults (n=447) from seven urban U.S. locations were surveyed during the HONOR project. The Indigenist stress coping model was used as framework in which to conduct descriptive, bivariate and regression analyses. A majority of the participants reported smoking (45.2%) and pain (57%). Pain was found to mediate the association between racial discrimination and smoking. Racial discrimination appears to be a significant factor influencing tobacco smoking and health behaviors within Two-Spirit populations. Effective tobacco cessation and/or prevention planning for Two-Spirits and others who experience frequent racial discrimination, stress, and trauma should also consider the influence of pain. Pain may serve as the embodiment of discrimination, and this possibility requires future research.
Changes in Use of County Public Health Services Following Implementation of Alabama’s Immigration Law
Authors: White Kari , Blackburn Justin , Manzella Bryn , Welty Elisabeth , Menachemi Nir
Published: November 2014

Several states have enacted legislation restricting undocumented immigrants’ access to publicly funded health benefits not protected by federal law. Using electronic health records from 140,856 county health department visits, we assessed the monthly change in Latino patients’ visits compared to non-Latinos 12 months before and after implementation of Alabama’s immigration law. We used ICD–9 diagnosis codes to determine whether visits included services exempt under the law: immunizations, testing and treatment for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and communicable diseases, and family planning. Differences between groups in the mean percent change were assessed with t-tests. Among children younger than 18 years, there were no significant differences by ethnicity. Visits among Latino adults decreased by 28% for communicable diseases, 25% for STIs, and 13% for family planning; this was significantly different from changes among non-Latino adults (p <.05). State-level legislation may reduce immigrants’ access to protected benefits, which could adversely affect the broader public’s health.
Molly’s Masterstroke
Authors: Kenner Hugh
Published: November 2014

Joyce is expert in portraying foreground action that hides what is unseen in the background of his fiction. This is true of Eveline in Dubliners , who accepts at face value Frank the sailor’s story of arriving in Dublin to find a bride who will return with him to Buenos Aires, and it is also true of Molly Bloom’s encounter with Blazes Boylan. When Bloom recalls hitting his head on the sideboard in “Ithaca” and notes that the furniture in his home has been moved, the reader wonders how this could have happened but is left with only speculations. Molly’s inexperience in adultery may well have led her to attempt to reduce Boylan’s sexual energy by having him undertake a rearrangement of the living room, and Bloom may realize this and take some comfort from her attempts to postpone intercourse, just as Penelope delayed her suitors’ importunities by a clever stratagem.
Joyce’s Drinking
Authors: Briggs Austin
Published: November 2014

This essay seeks to establish that, far more than has generally been recognized, Joyce drank heavily and habitually from his early twenties to his death. In addition, it speculates on the possible effect of the drinking on Joyce’s children; what part alcohol may have played in his difficulties with many of his friends; and whether it may explain at least in part his notorious extravagance with money as well as problems with insomnia, depression, hypochondria, and, perhaps, sexual difficulties that have been suspected.
Modernity Must Advertise: Aura, Desire, and Decolonization in Joyce
Authors: Wicke Jennifer
Published: November 2014

This essay’s largest claim is for the complex integration of mass culture with modernism, where neither partner in the dialectical relationship is reduced to a monolithic opposite or “other.” Arguing that mass culture and media across disparate forms intertwine with modernist literature as with all the cultural practices and modes of modernity, it advances the notion that the “great divide” posited between a supposedly “high” or autonomous literature and its shadow partner, mass culture, breaks down when the dynamic of modernity is recognized as an immanently mass-cultural one. The essay’s title, “modernity must advertise,” signals in its play on words just how intimate and how inevitable the pairing must be. Advertising stands in for mass culture as its synecdoche and calling card; a symbolic currency circulated through culture by all the means available to mass media, advertising’s circuit announces itself—the word “advertisement” originates in “avertissement” or “announcement”—through aesthetic forms shared with literature and visual art. James Joyce’s Ulysses is not only the specimen case of this dialectic informing modernism, but also its singular messenger: the book’s revolutionary aesthetic emerges from that nexus. While Joyce laces his book with mass-cultural references from Tit Bits to popular songs and posters, just as he installs Leopold Bloom in a career as an advertising middleman, mass culture inscribes Ulysses far beyond surface references or mere context. Instead, mass culture and its modes of consumption are enlisted as the engines of transformation in a revolutionary transubstantiation of modern language, thought, and life, the active manifestation of a modernist commons. Ulysses allows us to see the politics of its novel aesthetic form as a luminous advertisement for an alternative modernity performed by its words, one with the power to posit a new world as it unmakes the present world. Joyce’s epic novel makes manifest, or announces, what its literary work or labor performs through the ineluctable dynamic of social reading it borrows from mass culture in all its myriad forms: the advertisement of a modernity that inheres in and is inseparable from the act, and the agency, of reading—an advertisement for a future brought into being by its readers.
Soliloquy of Samuel Roth: A Paranormal Defense
Authors: Saint-Amour Paul K.
Published: November 2014

An act of critical ventriloquism, this piece channels the spirit of Samuel Roth, the publisher who brought out serialized and bound editions of Ulysses in America during the late 1920s without clear authorization from Joyce. Roth here mounts a defense of his undertakings by referring to obscenity and copyright laws that left Joyce’s novel in the U.S. public domain; to Pound’s ambiguous role as Joyce’s stateside agent; to the double standard that permitted modernists famed for their work’s textual appropriation to vilify Roth for similar practices on the distribution end of the publishing chain; and to moments where Joyce, in his own writings, seemed to construct Roth as both enemy and alter ego. Roth proposes that we redraw our picture of modernism accordingly: “To the extent modernism is itself a shadow realm, I, Samuel Roth, may be its central figure—its negative patron, its anti-Pound.”
Homer’s Sticks and Stones
Authors: Kenner Hugh
Published: November 2014

When critics refer to the “Homer” of Joyce’s Ulysses , it is difficult to determine which author and which Odyssey they mean. As a young man, Joyce read Charles Lamb’s interpretation of the classic and, later, that of Samuel Butcher and Andrew Lang. These translators enacted a nobility of character and events that tended to elevate the tale to the level of mythology. Heinrich Schliemann, the excavator, however, proved that “Troy” had existed, and helped to create the the archaeological “Homer,” thus powerfully influencing the author who wished to reproduce Dublin so exactly in his writing that the city could be reconstructed solely by referring to his work. Through topology, itemization, spatiality, and domesticity, Joyce created in Ulysses a veritable “museum of Homers.”
An Obsession with Plenitude: The Aesthetics of Hoarding in Finnegans Wake
Authors: Moran Patrick W.
Published: November 2014

Reading recent psychological discourse on compulsive hoarding in relation to Shem the Penman’s dangerously cluttered inkbottle house, this essay reopens critical questions about Joyce’s stylistic engagement with waste, excess, and obsessive cataloguing. Hoarders and readers of Finnegans Wake are alike prone to anxieties concerning the potential value of items. Whether encountering a piece of trash or a seemingly valueless portmanteau word, both the hoarder and the Joycean create cognitively rich associative networks for accumulated material or linguistic objects. The hermeneutics of such a practice call for a reconsideration of Joyce’s later aesthetics and a productive critique of the literary genre of Wake criticism.
Finnegans Awake: The Dream of Interpretation
Authors: Attridge Derek
Published: November 2014

This essay examines the notion that Finnegans Wake is the representation of a dream. It argues that a reader coming to the work with no prior assumptions would be unlikely to regard it as a dream, since there is little internal evidence for this interpretation; that, although Joyce promoted the idea that the Wake is connected to sleep, it was Edmund Wilson who first claimed the work represents a single dream; and that this perspective nevertheless offers a productive way of reading the Wake —alongside a number of other equally productive perspectives.
The Open Closet in Dubliners : James Duffy’s Painful Case
Authors: Jackson Roberta
Published: November 2014

Taking its cue from Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick’s Epistemology of the Closet , this essay interrogates the heterosexual norm in three contexts to uncover the homosexual panic found in the text of “A Painful Case.” Beginning with the story’s intertext, Henry James’s “The Beast in the Closet,” I move on to look at late-Edwardian homosocial tensions resulting from in the Labouchère Amendment and a series of public sex scandals following the conviction of Oscar Wilde. Finally, I consider the unusual and near-universal heterosexual unanimity in the story’s critical reception. As Sedgwick predicted, this analysis reveals the presence of male homosexual panic in each of these contexts.
Seven Against Ulysses
Authors: Senn Fritz
Published: November 2014

The essay aims to emphasize the fact that many readers have no access to Joyce’s original text but have to rely on translations, a particular problem for a work that may be called untranslatable, as in some ways all literature is. What impression, in concrete details, would readers get if they look at Ulysses in French, Italian, German, Dutch, Danish, or Swedish, and what would change? Naturally, the main concerns are ambiguities, overtones, plays on words, allusions, quotations, and matters of style but also such humble problems as accuracy or the network of motifs.
Possible Worlds Theory and the Fantasy Universe of Finnegans Wake
Authors: Norris Margot
Published: November 2014

The acute experimentalism of Finnegans Wake has always created a great deal of uncertainty and even controversy about its fictional, generic, and semantic operation. Is it a representation of a dream, a night world, or some other plane of unreality, or does it offer a narrative, either a relatively realistic one or a version of biblical or mythic or other collective stories? How can one adjudicate questions like this—on the basis of what sort of evidence? This article tackles the problem of how one might sort out the nature of the fictional world or worlds conveyed by the text’s complicated language by turning to a development in the field of narratology called “Possible Worlds“ theory. The theories of Marie-Laure Ryan, among others, offer us tools and criteria for understanding how readers achieve access to fictional worlds like the ones found in Book I, Chapter 1 of Finnegans Wake .
Fluid Boarders and Naughty Girls: Music, Domesticity, and Nation in Joyce’s Boarding Houses
Authors: Veronica Ulin Julieann
Published: November 2014

This essay redresses a critical neglect of Joyce’s “The Boarding House” by identifying the boarding house as a key domestic site and national symbol in Joyce’s work. The structure of the boarding house reenacts Ireland’s twelfth-century colonial-origin story and poses a threat to the romantic nationalist vision of the Irish home and the quest for a nation purged of the stranger. Polly Mooney, the landlady’s daughter, performs “I’m a Naughty Girl” from the opera A Greek Slave , and the full song reveals how Joyce links home and nation through the figure of the “naughty girl.” The boarding house represents a commercial and commodified domestic space that depends upon the entry of the stranger and rejects the ideals of female sexual purity. Joyce’s reintroduction of the characters from “The Boarding House” in the “Cyclops” episode of Ulysses indicates the centrality of this domestic site to the debate between Bloom and the Citizen over the definition of a nation. In his repeated use of the figure of the lodger and his representation of home as temporary and transient for many Dubliners, Joyce acknowledges Ireland as irretrievably and irreversibly open.
The Printed Letters in Ulysses
Authors: Benstock Shari
Published: November 2014

Letters serve many purposes in Ulysses , including propaganda, thanks, sexual sugestiveness, joking, job-seeking, and suicidal announcement. The “voice” represented in them may be mimetic (indicating verbal imitation) or textual (inspired by the physical text) but can only be interpreted through the reactions of the fictional recipient. The medium inhibits the message, and written messages here are representational and doubly distanced from the reader by the text. Letters, for instance, from Milly Bloom and Martha Clifford are fully textual and reveal much of the character of the writers, while Rudolph Bloom’s suicide note and Denis Breen’s postcard are enigmatic and contradictory, giving little substantive idea of the authors involved. Through their signifying or simply suggestive power, Ulysses ’s letters become an essential part of the fictional universe that they inhabit.
Bad Girls: Gerty, Cissy, and the Erotics of Unruly Speech
Authors: Shelton Jen
Published: November 2014

The playful eroticism of girls’ speech in “Nausicaa” provides an opportunity for Joyce to explore the power and the limits of both master narrative and subversive speech in the novel. Gerty and Cissy’s use of euphemism, baby talk, and transgressive erotic speech positions them in a complex relationship with social dictates for Edwardian girls and women. They both restrict their speech to allowable social norms and press against them, sometimes subtly but, especially in Cissy’s case, more often boldly. As such, the speech of these characters reveals much about narrative power and narrative resistance as it allows Joyce an opportunity to disrupt his own control within Ulysses .
Coming of Age in the Age of Empire: Joyce’s Modernist Bildungsroman
Authors: Castle Gregory
Published: November 2014

James Joyce’s A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man , which depicts the development and exile of a quintessentially modernist artist-hero, has not often been read in terms of the challenge that it issues to the classical Bildungsroman and the space it affords for a radical reconfiguration of Bildung , the “inner culture” theorized by German Enlightenment thinkers like Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Friedrich von Schiller, and Wilhelm von Humboldt. This essay looks closely at Joyce’s depiction of his protagonist, Stephen Dedalus, and argues that a colonial society like Ireland in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries was inhospitable to the culture of Bildung . Family life and education fail to offer Stephen the means for harmonious self-formation and thus the vocational opportunities (particularly the priesthood) for integration into the larger social world. The colonial subject, internally split and alienated from that social world, must pursue self-development along different pathways. Joyce’s articulation of this critical and subversive “colonial Bildung ” paradoxically takes place within the bounds of a narrative that adheres mainly to the formal limits of the classical Bildungsroman . In this way, Joyce’s Bildungsroman is able to critique immanently the very imperialist assumptions and attitudes about the individual and his relation to society that legitimates the classical form. By examining Stephen’s experiences with significant father figures and the women and girls he meets, by looking closely at the alternative vocation of “priest of eternal imagination” that he evolves out of an elaborate profane aesthetics and confessional performativity, I demonstrate that Stephen’s struggle with the processes of socialization, together with Joyce’s struggle to represent those processes, indicates some of the problems the modernist Bildungsroman faces—and not just in the colonial territories but in the entire field of late modernity.
“Cyclops” in Progress, 1919
Authors: Groden Michael
Published: November 2014

The surviving early drafts for the “Cyclops” episode of Ulysses show how Joyce moved away from the interior-monologue technique of the first eleven episodes, and they do this in some surprising ways. The drafts reveal him composing first the passages of “gigantism” and of dialogue and only later developing the memorable, nameless first-person narrator. They indicate the gradual development of the characters and Stephen Dedalus’s startling presence among them and reveal the close relationship between Joyce’s notesheets and his revisions to the episode. The early “Cyclops” drafts provide a unique glimpse into the beginnings of the new novel that Ulysses eventu-ally became in its last episodes. This early version of a chapter from “Ulysses” in Progress contains many details that were deleted as the article was revised into the shorter book chapter.
Père-version and Im-mère-sion: Idealized Corruption in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man and The Picture of Dorian Gray
Authors: Mahaffey Vicki
Published: November 2014

This essay outlines two complementary models of corrupt desire, which it labels “père-version” and “im-mère-sion” after the father and the mother, respectively. The perversion legislated by the father is characterized by detachment and is expressed through homophobia and misogyny, whereas immersion signifies a corruption initiated by the “purity” of an engulfing mother; because the object of desire is hidden (or immersed), such desire is associated with the closet. If the desire taught by the father is a formula for “non-relation” because the emotional bonding with men must be non-sexual and the connection with (commodified and idealized) women is only sexual, the idealized desire associated with the mother is one characterized by mutual unconscious dependence, a toxic cocktail of worship and shame. Finally, the essay demonstrates how perversion ages a child, in contrast with immersion’s infantilizing of the child, and how perversion is associated with waste and immersion with food. In both models, the desiring subject demands a fetish, but perversion fetishizes the woman and immersion the child. Desire for a fetish facilitates an avoidance of the complexities of changing (and mortal) flesh. A redacted version of this essay was published in Quare Joyce , edited by Joseph Valente, and also in Mahaffey, States of Desire: Wilde, Yeats, Joyce and the Irish Experiment .
Lightning Becomes Electra: Violence, Inspiration, and Lucia Joyce in Finnegans Wake
Authors: Fordham Finn
Published: November 2014

In this article, certain specific meanings that accrued to Lucia Joyce while her father wrote “Work in Progress” are explored. These meanings developed and intensified during her mental breakdown and found their way into Joyce’s text from 1931 onwards. They include female violence and clairvoyancy. A section about “Electra” investigates the former, especially the kind based in animosity between a daughter and a mother, and extends to a discussion about female character development across Joyce’s work. A section about “lightning” looks at second-sightedness and romantic associations with lightning—as a sudden revelation or exposure. A genetic method is used that acknowledges the role of contingency in the composition and the conceptualization of “Work in Progress” and suggests that a secondary tragic linear plot about Lucia is scored across the primary circular plot about human history.
Joyce’s “The Sisters”: A Development
Authors: Walzl Florence L.
Published: November 2014

This essay examines the principal textual and stylistic changes found within the many revisions of Joyce’s “The Sisters” and the way these revisions relate to Joyce’s developing concept of Dubliners as a whole. Its analysis takes as its central focus “The Sisters” as published in The Irish Homestead on 13 August 1904; an intermediate manuscript version most likely written in 1905; an enlarged manuscript version of the destroyed Maunsel edition of 1912; the story as published by Grant Richards in 1914; and, finally, the 1969 authoritative text. This study aims, first, to reassess the original Irish Homestead version, second, to determine what changes were designed to make “The Sisters” act as an introduction to Dubliners through a presentation of the book’s main themes, levels of meaning, and images, and, third, to see what light these revisions throw on the vexed question of meaning in “The Sisters,” especially the degree to which the characters should be regarded as typal or symbolic.
Thrilled by His Touch: Homosexual Panic and the Will to Artistry in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man
Authors: Valente Joseph
Published: November 2014

Joyce’s views on homosexuality belong to the realm of “the proximate,” that area of the self that can most effectively be disavowed—recognized and yet denied. Because patriarchal educational institutions—like the ones Joyce attended—reinforced what Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick calls “male homosocial desire,” this proximate-ness led to a sense of homosexual panic on Joyce’s part, which he transferred, in amplified form, to his alter ego, Stephen Dedalus, in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man . From the square-ditch episode to the smugging scandal and the pandying incident that ensued, from Stephen’s bird-girl encounter to his final interview with Cranly, a disavowed homo-erotic energy contours the narrative structure of the novel and fuels its defining thematic impetus, Stephen’s aspiration to aesthetic mastery.
What Song the Sirens Sang … Is No Longer Beyond All Conjecture: A Preliminary Description of the New “Proteus” and “Sirens” Manuscripts
Authors: Ferrer Daniel
Published: November 2014

The purpose of this article was to alert the Joycean community about the existence of two copybooks of exceptional interest among the papers that the National Library of Ireland had just acquired and that were not then accessible to the public. On the basis of notes taken when I had been given the opportunity to study, for a few hours, the manuscripts before they left Paris, I offered a preliminary description of the notebooks and made a few hypotheses about their possible interpretation. The manuscript that I called the “coverless copybook” is probably the most interesting single document in the whole Joyce archive. The part devoted to “Proteus” is the earliest extant Ulysses draft. It does not look like anything else by Joyce except perhaps Giacomo Joyce . I suggested tentatively that it might indicate a temporary “regression” in the direction of the fragmentary form. The part devoted to “Sirens” is less startling in appearance, but I argue that it gives us the opportunity to observe at close range a crucial turning point in the history of Ulysses or even in the history of literature. The last page of the copybook is a set of notes on a Homeric episode, “Lacedemon,” that Joyce never turned into an episode of Ulysses . I have discovered since that it follows closely the text of Samuel Butcher and Andrew Lang’s translation. (See my “An Unwritten Chapter of Ulysses ? Joyce’s Notes for a ‘Lacedemon’ Episode,” in James Joyce: Whence, Whither and How. Studies in Honour of Carla Vaglio , ed. Giuseppina Cortese, Giuliana Ferreccio, M. Teresa Giaveri, and Teresa Prudente [Alessandria: Edizioni dell’Orso, forthcoming].) Again, there is no extant set of notes quite like it. The other manuscript, which I called the “Fuga per Canonem copy-book,” is the first half of a later draft for “Sirens,” now in the Buffalo collection. What is particularly interesting and surprising in it is the inside of the front cover, which gives a list of Italian musical terms under the title “Fuga per Canonem” (Susan Brown has since discovered that the source for this was a superficial reading of Grove’s dictionary of music), and three words in the margin of the first page that seem to be the inception of the “overture” of the episode. In conjunction with the first draft, this allows us to understand how Joyce came to transform a plain dramatic presentation of a Dublin pub scene into the dazzling modernistic episode that is familiar to us.
Who Is Rich?: The Poor in Early Rabbinic Judaism
Authors: Gardner Gregg E.
Published: November 2014

Poverty and support for the poor are central concepts of rabbinic Judaism. The significance of support for the poor is established already in the earliest stratum of rabbinic literature, the tannaitic corpus, which took shape in Roman Palestine in the early third century C.E. To illuminate rabbinic Judaism’s foundational texts on this central topic, it is crucial to examine the perspective from which they were authored. What was the socio-economic position of the tannaim who authored and redacted these texts and how did this influence their teachings on the poor and support for the poor? Scholars have been divided as to whether the tannaim were wealthy or poor, and have heretofore overlooked the question of how their economic standing shaped their ideas on support for the poor. This paper answers these questions by focusing on compilations from the tannaitic corpus (especially Mishnah Peah and Tosefta Peah), which I read as redacted works within the context of third-century Roman Palestine. I find that the early rabbinic movement included those who were wealthy as well as individuals who lived at middling economic levels. Moreover, the tannaim view the poor as Others – that is, as non-rabbis – who demarcate the socio-economic boundaries of the rabbinic movement. The poor were also objectified as instruments that were needed for the rabbis and their audience to properly fulfill certain religious obligations.
Setting the Stage: The Theatricality of Jewish Aramaic Poetry from Late Antiquity
Authors: Lieber Laura S.
Published: November 2014

In this article, various elements of late ancient theatrical practices are used to inform the subject of the theatricality of Jewish liturgical poetry (piyyut). Evidence from handbooks of ancient oratory and declamation (the progymnasmata), discussions of Late Ancient theater (particularly mime and pantomime), and material artifacts suggest ways in which piyyutim were both performed and received. By viewing piyyutim through this lens, this paper sheds light on performative elements of Jewish religious poetry even as it situates these works in Late Ancient culture more broadly. The importance of this approach is illustrated through a study of four Aramaic poems associated with the festival of Shavuot that expand and retell biblical narratives: the binding of Isaac, the death of Joab, Moses' ascent of Sinai, and Potiphar’s wife. (Translations of the poems constitute an appendix to the article.)
Sefirotic Depiction, Divine Noesis, and Aristotelian Kabbalah: Abraham ben Meir de Balmes and Italian Renaissance Thought
Authors: Ogren Brian
Published: November 2014

In 1509, the famed Italian Jewish linguist and philosopher Abraham ben Meir de Balmes wrote a patently Averroean commentary on the kabbalistic hypostases known as the sefirot. This commentary is entitled Igeret ha-ʻaśiriyah, or Epistle of the Decad, and it is a prime example of an Aristotelian trend of kabbalistic interpretation within the Italian Renaissance. After briefly reconstructing and discussing the importance of de Balmes’s life and works, this article focuses on the Epistle of the Decad and its unique synthesis between kabbalah and Aristotelian concepts of intellection and divine noesis. Possible influences on de Balmes in the drafting of the Epistle are examined, as is the structure of the Epistle itself. Finally, detail is given to de Balmes’s casting of the sefirot as tziyyurim, or divine depictions. The article describes de Balmes’s Aristotelian sense of divine noesis through the medium of the sefirotic depictions as phantasms. This is contrasted with the Neoplatonic sense of some of his contemporaries, such as Isaac Abravanel and Yohanan Alemanno, which sees the sefirot as divine depictions in relation to Platonic Ideas. De Balmes’s unique Aristotelian portrayal hearkens back to a concept of ultimate unity and singularity in the godhead, with the sefirot as processes of human to divine cognition that allow for a cognitive unity with the divine.
C. P. E. Bach and the History of Music
Authors: Wolff Christoph
Published: November 2014

Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach belongs among the few musicians who left a mark in the history of music well beyond his contributions as a famous virtuoso and a distinguished composer. As author of the earliest biography of his father, he significantly shaped the perception of J. S. Bach’s life until the present day. His own autobiography of 1772 gives much insight into his art and contemporaneous musical life. His large music library and extensive collection of musician portraits opens a window on the composer’s curatorial activities. Finally, the context of the double-choir Heilig Wq 217 sheds light on his promotion of religious concert music, his concern about his own posthumous legacy, and his original style with its impact on the music that would follow.