bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cross‐Coupled Macro‐Mesoporous Carbon Network toward Record High Energy‐Power Density Supercapacitor at 4 V
Authors: Li Jing , Wang Ning , Tian Jiarui , Qian Weizhong , Chu Wei
Published: October 2018

Ionic liquids (ILs) electrolyte hold tremendous potentials to develop high‐energy‐density electric double layer capacitor due to their wide voltage windows, but are severely plagued by the sluggish mass diffusion from high viscosity and large ion size, particularly over micropore‐dominated carbon electrodes. Exploiting the carbon electrode possessing high compatibility with ILs electrolyte remains a great challenge. Herein, an emerging 3D cross‐coupled macro‐mesoporous carbon network with ultrahigh specific surface area (SSA, 2872.2 m2 g−1), N‐self doping, small‐sized mesopores (2–4 nm) and macropores (50–150 nm) is designed via a facile, versatile, and ecofriendly salt‐template strategy from the NaNO3‐gelatin biopolymer aerogel, which shows great adaptability toward high energy power density used in 4 V EMIBF4 ILs (92 Wh kg−1 is achieved at 1 kW kg−1, and notably a record high energy density of 39 Wh kg−1 is retained even at an ultrahigh power density of 200 kW kg−1). The large energy density is ascribed to the plentiful ion‐available mesoporous active sites (Smeso/SSA = 86.6%, Vmeso/Vtotal = 92.1%), while the extraordinary power density is attributed to the synergistic effects from the suitable macro‐mesoporous ion‐diffusion channels, continuous conductive network, low oxygen content (2.24%) as well as good affinity to ILs.
Porous Polymers as Multifunctional Material Platforms toward Task‐Specific Applications
Authors: Wu Jinlun , Xu Fei , Li Shimei , Ma Pengwei , Zhang Xingcai , Liu Qianhui , Fu Ruowen , Wu Dingcai
Published: October 2018

Exploring advanced porous materials is of critical importance in the development of science and technology. Porous polymers, being famous for their all‐organic components, tailored pore structures, and adjustable chemical components, have attracted an increasing level of research interest in a large number of applications, including gas adsorption/storage, separation, catalysis, environmental remediation, energy, optoelectronics, and health. Recent years have witnessed tremendous research breakthroughs in these fields thanks to the unique pore structures and versatile skeletons of porous polymers. Here, recent milestones in the diverse applications of porous polymers are presented, with an emphasis on the structural requirements or parameters that dominate their properties and functionalities. The Review covers the following applications: i) gas adsorption, ii) water treatment, iii) separation, iv) heterogeneous catalysis, v) electrochemical energy storage, vi) precursors for porous carbons, and vii) other applications (e.g., intelligent temperature control textiles, sensing, proton conduction, biomedicine, optoelectronics, and actuators). The key requirements for each application are discussed and an in‐depth understanding of the structure–property relationships of these advanced materials is provided. Finally, a perspective on the future research directions and challenges in this field is presented for further studies.
Oriented Quasi‐2D Perovskites for High Performance Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Yang Rong , Li Renzhi , Cao Yu , Wei Yingqiang , Miao Yanfeng , Tan Wen Liang , Jiao Xuechen , Chen Hong , Zhang Liangdong , Chen Qing , Zhang Huotian , Zou Wei , Wang Yuming , Yang Ming , Yi Chang , Wang Nana , Gao Feng , McNeill Christopher R. , Qin Tianshi , Wang Jianpu , Huang Wei
Published: October 2018

Quasi‐2D layered organometal halide perovskites have recently emerged as promising candidates for solar cells, because of their intrinsic stability compared to 3D analogs. However, relatively low power conversion efficiency (PCE) limits the application of 2D layered perovskites in photovoltaics, due to large energy band gap, high exciton binding energy, and poor interlayer charge transport. Here, efficient and water‐stable quasi‐2D perovskite solar cells with a peak PCE of 18.20% by using 3‐bromobenzylammonium iodide are demonstrated. The unencapsulated devices sustain over 82% of their initial efficiency after 2400 h under relative humidity of ≈40%, and show almost unchanged photovoltaic parameters after immersion into water for 60 s. The robust performance of perovskite solar cells results from the quasi‐2D perovskite films with hydrophobic nature and a high degree of electronic order and high crystallinity, which consists of both ordered large‐bandgap perovskites with the vertical growth in the bottom region and oriented small‐bandgap components in the top region. Moreover, due to the suppressed nonradiative recombination, the unencapsulated photovoltaic devices can work well as light‐emitting diodes (LEDs), exhibiting an external quantum efficiency of 3.85% and a long operational lifetime of ≈96 h at a high current density of 200 mA cm−2 in air.
Construction of a Novel Bispecific Antibody to Enhance Antitumor Activity against Lung Cancer
Authors: Yin Wei , Zhu Junjie , Gonzalez‐Rivas Diego , Okumura Meinoshin , Rocco Gaetano , Pass Harvey , Jiang Gening , Yang Yang
Published: October 2018

HER2 and VEGF are closely related to the progression of several tumors. The inhibitor simultaneously targeting these two proteins will effectively inhibit the progression of tumors. Here, a bispecific antibody, termed as YY0411, targeting both HER2 and VEGF as a potent anticancer therapeutic antibody is reported. YY0411 is the first bispecific antibody constructed in IgG‐Decoy receptor format. It efficiently identifies and combines both HER2 and VEGF protein. YY0411 is believed to be a candidate tumor suppressor as it significantly inhibits the colony formation ability of human cancer cells (Calu‐3, MDA‐MB‐453, and NCI‐N87 cells). The phosphorylation of HER2 and VEGF downstream components are also decreased in these cells with the treatment of YY0411. Similar to other antibodies, YY0411 has the ability to promote the secretion of IFN‐γ by T lymphocytes. In addition, YY0411 significantly inhibits the growth of Calu‐3 cells‐induced xenograft in nude mice. This work demonstrates that YY0411 may be a potential anti‐lung cancer drug.
Theranostic Infection‐Responsive Coating to In Situ Detect and Prevent Urinary Catheter Blockage
Authors: Zhou Jin , Hou Sen , Li Linhao , Yao Danyu , Liu Yuanyuan , Jenkins A. Tobias A. , Fan Yubo
Published: October 2018

Biofilm formation induced by urease‐producing species can cause the increase of urine pH, and eventually lead to the blockage of catheters. In this study, a novel theranostic multilayer coating which combines both early visual warning of catheter blockage and antibacterial efficacy is described. The proposed coating comprised multilayered polymeric architecture using electrostatic self‐assembly (ESA) technique. In such a system, an inner layer of hydrogel PAA (poly (acrylic acid)) and middle layer of CS (chitosan) are employed to encapsulate an antibiotic delivery system that has sensitive colorimetric transition response upon pH elevation. The two layers are sealed and capped by a pH‐response layer of EUDRAGITS 100. The proposed coating sensor hydrogel exhibits chromatic color transitions (blue–purple–red) upon bacterial infection and provides an indication for both initial bacterial infection and subsequent blockage. Meanwhile, encapsulation of antimicrobials increases the amount of antibiotic resident in the vicinity of bacteria in residual urine solution and thus inhibiting bacterial growth.
The Prediction of Carbothermal Reduction Reaction Induced Ti4O7/Ti5O9 Interface Structures in Titanium Oxide Nanosystems
Authors: Lei Yimin , Lin Xin , Hu Qihang , Cui Nuanyang , Zhong Peng , Ma Xiaohua , Sun Jie
Published: October 2018

The reduced titanium oxide (TinO2n‐1, 4 ≤ n ≤ 10) material system has attracted considerable attention due to their unique crystal structure and excellent electrical and chemical properties. Interface science and engineering play a very important role in both the synthesis or usage of such material, not only because the commonly observed multiphase coexistence phenomenon during the preparation process, but also due to the special physical and chemical properties brought by the heterogeneous interfaces. The lack of research on the interface structures as well as their influence on the properties seriously hinders the development of TinO2n‐1. In this work, crystallographic model is employed first to predict the crystallographic features of Ti5O9/Ti4O7 interface in titanium oxide nanosystems. The initial lattice correspondence is determined after fully considering the crystal symmetry and structures of Ti5O9 and Ti4O7. To verify the predicted results, Ti5O9/Ti4O7 nanocomposites are prepared through carbothermal reduction reaction, followed by detailed X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy characterizations. The observed orientation relationships between Ti5O9 and Ti4O7 are consistent with the predicted results, which confirm the application of crystallographic model in the phase transformation in which chemical reaction involved.
Hydrophobic Microfiber Strain Sensor Operating Stably in Sweat and Water Environment
Authors: Jeong Sang‐Mi , Kang Youngsoo , Lim Taekyung , Ju Sanghyun
Published: October 2018

Fiber‐based wearable healthcare sensing devices that can monitor the health status of the human body in real time can be affected by sweat from the human body or water from the outside, which may cause the sensor to malfunction. In this study, it is investigated how the fiber strain sensor can operate stably without being affected by sweat or water, even if no additional passivation layer is formed on the outside of fibers applicable to wearable healthcare sensors. The resistance values ​​of the microfiber strain sensor are monitored in real time with the movement of the elbow and knee wraps stitched with a polyurethane (PU)–tin oxide (SnO2)–carbon nanotube (CNT) composite microfiber. The PU used as a matrix plays a role of naturally increasing or decreasing the fiber according to the movement of the elbow or knee of the body. The CNTs embedded in a PU matrix can monitor the angular movement of the elbow and knee by measuring the changes in electrical resistance. The (1H,1H,2H,2H‐heptadecafluorodec‐1‐yl) phosphonic acid‐coated SnO2 embedded in a PU prevents sweat and water from entering the fiber. This allows to precisely detect elbow and knee movements stably in an external environment exposed to sweat or water.
Organic Vapor‐Jet Printing with Reduced Heat Transfer for Fabrication of Flexible Organic Devices
Authors: Kim Sungyeon , Moon Hanul , Kwon Hyukyun , Lee Gilho , Yu Dahm , Choi Jungmin , Park Jaehyeok , Kim Sung Jin , Yoo Seunghyup
Published: October 2018

Organic vapor‐jet printing (OVJP) is an ink‐free printing method for organic thin films wherein a thermally generated vapor of organic small molecules is jetted through a nozzle by inert carrier gas. OVJP holds a great promise because it uses a field‐proven small‐molecular technology as it yet keeps the benefits of jet printing methods such as being mask‐free, easily scalable, and frugal in material usage. However, fabrication on plastic substrates with OVJPs is challenging due to the excessive heat from the nozzle, preventing its use for flexible electronics. Thermal damage issues in the OVJP are particularly of problem because its nozzle should be close to a substrate for high‐resolution patterning. Here, a simple yet highly effective method is proposed to reduce the radiant heat transfer from the nozzle and thereby enable fabrication of flexible organic devices. Upon application of an electroplated gold layer on the nozzle as a low‐emissivity coating, the temperature of a substrate underneath the nozzle gets significantly reduced below its glass‐transition temperature. A flexible organic light‐emitting diode signage device and an active‐matrix tactile sensor patch are demonstrated on plastic substrates with the proposed approach, demonstrating its feasibility in unlocking the full potential of OVJP methods.
High‐Performance Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells Enabled by Low‐Temperature ALD‐Assisted Surface Passivation
Authors: Jin Teng‐Yu , Li Wei , Li Yan‐Qing , Luo Yu‐Xin , Shen Yang , Cheng Li‐Peng , Tang Jian‐Xin
Published: October 2018

Flexible perovskite solar cells (PeSCs) hold great potential as a leading technology for large‐scale roll‐to‐roll production of highly efficient renewable energy sources. To achieve long‐term bendability and competitive photovoltaic properties for flexible PeSCs, an efficient strategy is reported for a fully indium‐free flexible composite electrode, consisting of solution‐processed silver nanowires (AgNWs) conductive network, a sol–gel‐derived ZnO protective layer for smoothing the surface, and an atomic‐layer‐deposited TiO2 passivation layer for eliminating the perovskite decomposition. The synergetic interplay of this electrode stack results in good electrical conductivity, optical transparency, mechanical robustness, and low‐temperature processability. With collective optimization of this composite electrode, flexible PeSCs on plastics realize a power conversion efficiency of 17.11%, which is comparable to that of conventional indium‐tin‐oxide‐based device (18.26%). Moreover, flexible PeSCs using this composite electrode are repeatedly bendable, retaining 77% of their initial efficiency after 2000 bending cycles at a radius of 6 mm. Because of the ease of use and remarkable improvement in efficiency, this flexible composite electrode will help to enable the low‐cost roll‐to‐roll processing of flexible PeSCs.
Methylene blue removal using a novel hydrogel containing 3‐Allyloxy‐2‐hydroxy‐1‐propanesulfonic acid sodium salt
Authors: Ibrahim Ahmed Galal , Abdel Hai Farag , Abd El‐Wahab Hamada , Aboelanin Hamza
Published: October 2018

The increased need for pure and safe water has motivated many researchers and scientists to pay more attention for clearing the colored water from the toxic dyes. This study is based on the production of a novel hydrogel by the free radical‐induced polymerization of acrylamide (AAm) and acrylic acid (AA) with 3‐Allyloxy‐2‐hydroxy‐1‐propanesulfonic acid sodium salt (AHPS) using the radical initiator, benzoyl peroxide, and the multifunctional cross‐linker, Pentaerythritol Tetraallyl Ether(PTE). Confirmation of synthesis was done by aid of the Fourier transform infrared spectra, energy‐dispersive X‐ray, and the scanning electron microscope (SEM). SEM micrographs indicated the three‐dimensional cross‐linked structure of the hydrogels. The thermal properties were evaluated via the thermal gravimetric analysis. The swelling percentage and swelling kinetic parameters were determined. It was found that swelling of P(AAm‐AA‐AHPS) hydrogels was reached to 7,071% in distilled water, while P(AAm‐AA) hydrogels swelled 1,055%. And the swelling percentage was found to be affected by pH of the surrounding medium. The AHPS‐based hydrogel giving the greatest swelling % was tested as a methylene blue remover from the aqueous solution by the batch adsorption method. Studying the adsorption kinetics and isotherm showed that the pseudo‐second‐order and the Freundlich model described well the adsorption process, and the highest adsorption capacity reached 79.42 mg/g.
High‐Rate and Ultralong Cycle‐Life Potassium Ion Batteries Enabled by In Situ Engineering of Yolk–Shell FeS2@C Structure on Graphene Matrix
Authors: Zhao Yi , Zhu Jiajie , Ong Samuel Jun Hoong , Yao Qianqian , Shi Xiuling , Hou Kun , Xu Zhichuan J. , Guan Lunhui
Published: October 2018

The potassium‐ion battery (PIB) represents a promising alternative to the lithium‐ion battery for large‐scale energy storage owing to the abundance and low cost of potassium. The lack of high performance anode materials is one of the bottlenecks for its success. The main challenge is the structural degradation caused by the huge volume expansion from insertion/extraction of potassium ions which are much larger than their lithium counterparts. Here, this challenge is tackled by in situ engineering of a yolk–shell FeS2@C structure on a graphene matrix. The yolk–shell structure provides interior void space for volume expansion and prevents the aggregation of FeS2. The conductive graphene matrix further enhances the charge transport within the composite. The PIB fabricated using this anode delivers high capacity, good rate capability (203 mA h g−1 at 10 A g−1), and remarkable long‐term stability up to 1500 cycles at high rates. The performance is superior to most anode materials reported to date for PIBs. Further in‐depth characterizations and density functional theory calculations reveal that the material displays reversible intercalation/deintercalation and conversion reactions during cycles, as well as the low diffusion energy barriers for the intercalation process. This work provides a new avenue to allow the proliferation of PIB anodes.
Delineation of the 9q31 deletion syndrome: Genomic microarray characterization of two patients with overlapping deletions
Authors: Dugan Sarah L. , Panza Emanuele , Openshaw Amanda , Botto Lorenzo D. , Camacho Jose A. , Toydemir Reha M.
Published: October 2018

Interstitial deletions of chromosome 9q31 are very rare. The deletions in most reported patients have been detected by conventional cytogenetics, with reported breakpoints ranging between 9q21 and 9q34. Therefore, an accurate description of a “9q31 deletion syndrome” could not be established. However, based on microarray studies, a small region of overlap has recently been proposed.

We report clinical features of two unrelated individuals with overlapping 9q deletions identified by SNP microarray analysis. Patient 1 has a 9 Mb deletion, while Patient 2's deletion was 21.6 Mb. The clinical features common to our patients and those in the literature include developmental delay and short stature. Patient 2 shows additional features not reported in other 9q31 deletions, such as hearing loss, ventriculomegaly, cleft lip and palate, and small kidneys, which could be due to the larger size of the deletion, hence the influence of the genes in the region beyond the smallest region of overlap.

Based on the comparison of these patients with the previously reported patients, we redefine the smallest region of overlap and characterize the clinical features of the 9q31 deletion syndrome.
Genotype–phenotype correlations in Darier disease: A focus on the neuropsychiatric phenotype
Authors: Gordon‐Smith Katherine , Green Elaine , Grozeva Detelina , Tavadia Sherine , Craddock Nick , Jones Lisa
Published: October 2018

Darier disease (DD) is an autosomal dominant skin disorder caused by mutations in ATP2A2 encoding the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase Isoform 2 (SERCA2). Evidence of a population‐level association between DD and psychiatric disorders suggests that mutations in ATP2A2 may have pleiotropic effects on the brain as well as skin. Evidence of genotype–phenotype relationships between ATP2A2 mutations and neuropsychiatric phenotypes would further support this suggestion. We investigated genotype–phenotype correlations between lifetime neuropsychiatric features and ATP2A2 mutation type (dichotomized into likely gene disrupting [LGD] or protein altering) in 75 unrelated individuals with DD. We also looked for evidence of clustering of mutations within SERCA2 according to neuropsychiatric features. Combining our data with the existing literature, the rate of LGD mutations was found to be significantly higher among DD cases/families with bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, or affective psychosis (p = .011). We also found a significant relationship between mutations located in the S4–M4 region of the protein and the presence of a severe neuropsychiatric phenotype (p = .032). Our findings add support to the hypothesis that Darier‐causing mutations in ATP2A2 confer susceptibility to neuropsychiatric dysfunction, in particular severe psychiatric illness. This, together with evidence from research on common polymorphisms confirms ATP2A2 as a gene at which variation influences susceptibility to major psychiatric illness.
Mechanisms of HNO Reactions with Ferric Heme Proteins
Authors: Shi Yelu , Zhang Yong
Published: October 2018

Many HNO‐scavenging pathways exist to regulate its biological and pharmacological activities. Such reactions often involve ferric heme proteins and form an important basis for HNO probe development. However, mechanisms of HNO reactions with ferric heme proteins are largely unknown. We performed a computational investigation using metmyoglobin and catalase as representative ferric heme proteins with neutral and negatively charged axial ligands to provide the first detailed pathways. The results reproduced experimental barriers well with an average error of 0.11 kcal mol−1. The rate‐limiting step was found to be dissociation of the resting ligand or HNO coordination when there is no resting ligand. For both heme proteins, in contrast to the non‐heme case, the reductive nitrosylation step was found to be barrierless proton‐coupled electron transfer, which provides the major thermodynamic driving force for the overall reaction. The origin of the difference in reactivity between metmyoglobin and catalase was also revealed.
Catalytic Radical Process for Enantioselective Amination of C(sp3)−H Bonds
Authors: Li Chaoqun , Lang Kai , Lu Hongjian , Hu Yang , Cui Xin , Wojtas Lukasz , Zhang X. Peter
Published: October 2018

A new catalytic radical system involving CoII‐based metalloradical catalysis is effective in activating sulfamoyl azides for enantioselective radical 1,6‐amination of C(sp3)−H bonds, affording six‐membered chiral heterocyclic sulfamides in high yields with excellent enantioselectivities. The CoII‐catalyzed C−H amination features an unusual degree of functional‐group tolerance and chemoselectivity. The unique reactivity and stereoselectivity is attributed to the underlying stepwise radical pathway. The resulting optically active cyclic sulfamides can be readily converted into synthetically useful chiral 1,3‐diamine derivatives without loss in enantiopurity.
Wavelength‐Controlled Dynamic Metathesis: A Light‐Driven Exchange Reaction between Disulfide and Diselenide Bonds
Authors: Fan Fuqiang , Ji Shaobo , Sun Chenxing , Liu Cheng , Yu Ying , Fu Yu , Xu Huaping
Published: October 2018

Wavelength‐controlled dynamic processes are mostly based on light‐triggered isomerization or the cleavage/formation of molecular connections. Control over dynamic metathesis reactions by different light wavelengths, which would be useful in controllable dynamic chemistry, has rarely been studied. Taking advantage of the different bond energies of disulfide and diselenide bonds, we have developed a wavelength‐driven exchange reaction between disulfides and diselenides, which underwent metathesis under UV light to produce Se−S bonds. When irradiated with visible light, the Se−S bonds were reversed back to those of the original reactants. The conversion of the exchange depends on the wavelength of the incident light. This light‐driven metathesis chemistry was also applied to tune the mechanical properties of polymer materials. The visible‐light‐induced reverse reaction was compatible with reductant‐catalyzed disulfide/diselenide metathesis, and could be utilized to develop a dissipative system with light as the energy input.
AISeC2H (AI=K, Rb, Cs): Crystalline Compounds with the Elusive −Se‐C≡C‐H Anion
Authors: Hetzert Marc , Werker Melanie , Ruschewitz Uwe
Published: October 2018

By reaction of alkali metal acetylides, AIC2H (AI=K, Rb, Cs), with elemental selenium in liquid ammonia highly crystalline powders of AISeC2H were obtained. The structure analysis based on the resulting synchrotron powder diffraction data revealed that all compounds crystallize in an orthorhombic unit cell (Cmc21, Z=4) exhibiting the elusive −SeC2H anion, which is unprecedented in a crystalline compound up to now. Elemental analysis and IR spectroscopic data confirm this finding. Upon heating, AISeC2H compounds release acetylene based on DSC/TGA experiments resulting in powders with the proposed composition AI2Se2(C2). The resulting powders were indexed with small cubic unit cells, but a reasonable structural model could not be developed up to now. Upon exposure of AISeC2H compounds to water elemental selenium is formed again.
Noncovalent Carbon‐Bonding Interactions in Proteins
Authors: Mundlapati V. Rao , Sahoo Dipak Kumar , Bhaumik Suman , Jena Subhrakant , Chandrakar Amol , Biswal Himansu S.
Published: October 2018

Carbon bonds (C‐bonds) are the highly directional noncovalent interactions between carbonyl‐oxygen acceptors and sp3‐hybridized‐carbon σ‐hole donors through n→σ* electron delocalization. We have shown the ubiquitous existence of C‐bonds in proteins with the help of careful protein structure analysis and quantum calculations, and have precisely determined C‐bond energies. The importance of conventional noncovalent interactions such as hydrogen bond (H‐bonds) and halogen bond (X‐bonds) in the structure and function of biological molecules are well established, while carbon bonds C‐bonds have still to be recognized. We have shown that C‐bonds are present in proteins, contribute enthalpically to the overall hydrophobic interaction and play a significant role in the photodissociation mechanism of myoglobin and the binding of nucleobases to proteins.
Catalyst‐ and Template‐Free Ultrafast Visible‐Light‐Triggered Dimerization of Vinylpyridine‐Functionalized Tetraarylaminoborane: Intriguing Deep‐Blue Delayed Fluorescence
Authors: Neena Kalluvettukuzhy K. , Sudhakar Pagidi , Thilagar Pakkirisamy
Published: October 2018

A photoredox‐catalyst‐ and template‐free sunlight‐induced molecular dimerization of a vinylpyridine‐functionalized tetraarylaminoborane (TAAB) has been accomplished for the first time. The reaction is quantitative, highly regioselective, and thermally irreversible. The presence of the propeller‐shaped TAAB framework allows selective photodimerization of one of the two vinyl pyridine units. Monomer 1 and photodimer 2 exhibit distinct photophysical properties with delayed fluorescence (DF) both in solution and the solid state, which was confirmed by steady‐state and time‐resolved luminescence studies. Quantum mechanical calculations were performed to support the experimental observations. Our new approach using [2+2] cycloaddition chemistry paves the way for the development of highly sought‐after deep‐blue DF materials.
Bioorthogonal Click Chemistry Enables Site‐specific Fluorescence Labeling of Functional NMDA Receptors for Super‐Resolution Imaging
Authors: Neubert Franziska , Beliu Gerti , Terpitz Ulrich , Werner Christian , Geis Christian , Sauer Markus , Doose Sören
Published: October 2018

Super‐resolution microscopy requires small fluorescent labels. We report the application of genetic code expansion in combination with bioorthogonal click chemistry to label the NR1 domain of the NMDA receptor. We generated NR1 mutants incorporating an unnatural amino acid at various positions in order to attach small organic fluorophores such as Cy5‐tetrazine site‐specifically to the extracellular domain of the receptor. Mutants were optimized with regard to protein expression, labeling efficiency and receptor functionality as tested by fluorescence microscopy and whole‐cell patch clamp. The results show that bioorthogonal click chemistry in combination with small organic dyes is superior to available immunocytochemistry protocols for receptor labeling in live and fixed cells and enables single‐molecule sensitive super‐resolution microscopy experiments.
Towards a Supertough Thermoplastic Polyisoprene Elastomer Based on a Biomimic Strategy
Authors: Tang Maozhu , Zhang Rong , Li Shiqi , Zeng Jian , Luo Mingchao , Xu Yun‐Xiang , Huang Guangsu
Published: October 2018

Natural rubber is one of most famous self‐reinforced rubbers thanks to the phenomenon of strain‐induced crystallization. It is usually used in a vulcanized form to enhance the mechanical strength but this results in recycling issues. Herein a thermoplastic analogue of vulcanized natural rubber is obtained as a structural mimic. Terminally functionalized polyisoprene rubber B‐4A‐PIP was prepared by using tetra‐analine as physical crosslinking units. The strong binding of tetra‐analine groups gave B‐4A‐PIP a high tensile strength (15 MPa) and breaking strain of 890 %, which is much higher than those of undecorated copolymer B‐OH‐PIP. B‐4A‐PIP has a similar onset strain of crystallization and crystallization index to vulcanized natural rubber. Randomly functionalized polyisoprene R‐4A‐PIP showed a much lower mechanical strength and SIC properties although R‐4A‐PIP and B‐4A‐PIP possessed similar molecular weights and amounts of tetra‐analine groups.
Array‐based “Chemical Nose” Sensing in Diagnostics and Drug Discovery
Authors: Geng Yingying , Peveler William J. , Rotello Vincent M.
Published: October 2018

Array‐based sensor “chemical nose/tongue” platforms are inspired by the mammalian olfactory system. Multiple sensor elements in these devices selectively interact with target analytes, producing a distinct pattern of response and enabling analyte identification. This approach offers unique opportunities relative to “traditional” highly specific sensor elements such as antibodies. Array‐based sensors excel at distinguishing small changes in complex mixtures, and this capability is being leveraged for chemical biology studies and clinical pathology, enabled by a diverse toolkit of new molecular, bioconjugate and nanomaterial technologies. Innovation in the design and analysis of arrays provides a robust set of tools for advancing biomedical goals, including precision medicine.
Storage‐Induced Changes in Volatile Compounds in Argan Oils Obtained from Raw and Roasted Kernels
Authors: Gracka Anna , Majcher Małgorzata , Kludská Eliška , Hradecký Jaromír , Hajšlová Jana , Jeleń Henryk H.
Published: October 2018

Volatile compounds of argan oils obtained from raw and roasted kernels and subjected to accelerated storage test at 60 °C were profiled by means of headspace solid‐phase microextraction with gas chromatography coupled with high‐resolution time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (HS‐SPME‐GC‐HRToFMS), followed by statistical multivariate analysis (MVA). Main volatile markers differentiating oils during storage were identified as 2‐methylbutanal, acetic acid, pentanal, hexanal, 2,5‐dimethylpyrazine, methyl pyrazine, 2,3‐butanediol, and 1‐methyl‐1H‐pyrrole. Principal component analysis (PCA) results show that MVA is suitable for differentiating between raw and roasted argan oils of various degrees of oxidation. Key odorants in both oils were determined by gas chromatography‐olfactometry (GC‐O) analysis, indicating butanal as the most prominent odorant for raw argan oil (flavor dilution [FD] = 8), whereas 3‐isopropyl‐2‐methoxypyrazine and 2‐ethyl‐3,5‐dimethylpyrazine with FD values of 1024 were the most prominent among 23 odorants in argan oil obtained from roasted kernels. Peroxide values (PV) indicate that argan oil obtained from roasted kernels is significantly less prone to oxidation than oil obtained from unroasted kernels.
Tales from the outer limits: Archaeological geophysical prospection in lowland peat environments in the British Isles
Authors: Armstrong Kayt , Cheetham Paul , Darvill Tim
Published: October 2018

In order to systematically investigate the potential of conventional near surface geophysical techniques to locate waterlogged archaeological targets in peatlands, the authors applied four conventional geophysical methods – earth resistance, ground‐penetrating radar (GPR), magnetic gradiometry and frequency domain electromagnetics (FDEM) – to four lowland peat archaeological test sites in Great Britain. In this article we demonstrate that a Neolithic trackway was identified in the GPR data in Somerset, with likely ‘proxy’ detections of chemical changes showing up in both electrical and magnetic surveys. This was determined by a coring programme and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES) multi‐element analysis of peat samples to determine the relative concentrations of geophysically relevant chemical elements. Though no Bronze Age timbers were detected at Flag Fen, a post‐Bronze Age agricultural landscape was identified in both the GPR and gradiometer surveys. We conclude that GPR has the greatest potential for archaeological geophysical prospection in peatland environments, but that electrical and magnetic methods can usefully be employed as secondary sources of information and should not be discounted from future research. Further, this article argues that better understandings must be developed of the impacts of geochemistry on geophysical data if we are going to realistically pursue ‘whole landscape’ surveys.
Autistic‐like traits in children are associated with enhanced performance in a qualitative visual working memory task
Authors: Hamilton Colin J. , Mammarella Irene C. , Giofrè David
Published: October 2018

Prior research has suggested that individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) demonstrate heterogeneity in cognitive efficacy, challenged executive resources but efficient visual processing. These contrasts lead to opposing predictions about visuospatial working memory competency in both ASD and the broader autism phenotype (BAP); compromised by constrained executive processes, but potentially scaffolded by effective visual representation. It is surprising therefore, that there is a paucity of visual working memory (VWM) research in both the ASD and BAP populations, which have focused upon the visual features of the to‐be‐remembered stimulus. We assessed whether individual differences in VWM were associated with autistic‐like traits (ALTs) in the BAP. About 76 children carried out the Visual Just Noticeable Difference task, designed to measure high fidelity feature representation within VWM. ALTs were measured with the Children's Empathy Quotient and Systemizing Quotient. Analyses revealed a significant positive relationship between Systemizing and VWM performance. This complements ASD studies in visual processing and highlights the need for further research on the working memory—long‐term memory interface in ASD and BAP populations. Autism Research 2018, 11: 1494–1499. © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Lay Summary

This study was interested in how well children with high levels of autistic‐like traits (ALTs) carry out a task which involved memorizing, for brief time, the precise size of colored shapes. The results suggested that children with high levels of ALTs performed the task relatively well. This finding is in contrast to many previous studies suggest that ALTs are associated with poor memory, and suggests that future research needs to look more finely at how individuals carry out these tasks.
Local FK506 dose‐dependent study using a novel three‐dimensional organotypic assay
Authors: Tajdaran Kasra , Chan Katelyn , Zhang Jennifer , Gordon Tessa , Borschel Gregory H.
Published: October 2018

Local administration of FK506, an FDA approved immunosuppressant with neuroregenerative properties, is a promising technique to achieve improved peripheral nerve regeneration while preventing the side effects associated with the systemic administration of this drug. Although considerable research has been devoted to the development of clinically suitable systems for local delivery of FK506 to the site of nerve injury and repair, the optimal dose of FK506 for enhancement of axon regeneration in the peripheral nerve has not yet been established. To this end, we devised a three‐dimensional (3D) organotypic assay capable of mimicking the peripheral nerve. This assay consisted of a neonatal rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) extending its neurites into the native peripheral nerve scaffold provided by an acellular nerve allograft (ANA). A novel 3D compartmented cell culture system was adapted from the 3D organotypic assay to achieve local delivery of FK506 just to the growing neurites in vitro and establish the required local dose of FK506 for peripheral nerve regeneration. A bimodal dose response was observed by culturing the entire DRG–ANA construct with media containing different concentrations of FK506. Low drug concentration of 1 pg/ml and high drug concentration of 100 ng/ml lead to the longest neurite extension in vitro. Furthermore, regardless of the FK506 concentration, concentrating the drug to the growing neurites resulted in significant increase in both neurite extension and neurite density, an effect that was not observed with the FK506 delivery to both neurites and neural cell bodies within DRG. The findings in this study provide valuable insight into the optimal local dose of FK506 for peripheral nerve regeneration. Furthermore, for the first time, this study suggests the potential interaction of FK506 with axons at the level of the growth cone.
Serine integrase recombinational engineering (SIRE): A versatile toolbox for genome editing
Authors: Snoeck Nico , De Mol Maarten L. , Van Herpe Dries , Goormans Anke , Maryns Isabelle , Coussement Pieter , Peters Gert , Beauprez Joeri , De Maeseneire Sofie L. , Soetaert Wim
Published: October 2018

Chromosomal integration of biosynthetic pathways for the biotechnological production of high‐value chemicals is a necessity to develop industrial strains with a high long‐term stability and a low production variability. However, the introduction of multiple transcription units into the microbial genome remains a difficult task. Despite recent advances, current methodologies are either laborious or efficiencies highly fluctuate depending on the length and the type of the construct. Here we present serine integrase recombinational engineering (SIRE), a novel methodology which combines the ease of recombinase‐mediated cassette exchange (RMCE) with the selectivity of orthogonal att sites of the PhiC31 integrase. As a proof of concept, this toolbox is developed for Escherichia coli. Using SIRE we were able to introduce a 10.3 kb biosynthetic gene cluster on different locations throughout the genome with an efficiency of 100% for the integrating step and without the need for selection markers on the knock‐in cassette. Next to integrating large fragments, the option for multitargeting, for deleting operons, as well as for performing in vivo assemblies further expand and proof the versatility of the SIRE toolbox for E. coli. Finally, the serine integrase PhiC31 was also applied in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a marker recovery tool, indicating the potential and portability of this toolbox.
Cladosporin Derivatives Obtained by Biotransformation Provide Guidance for the Focused Derivatization of this Antimalarial Lead Compound
Authors: Fredenhagen Andreas , Schroer Kirsten , Schröder Harald , Hoepfner Dominic , Ligibel Mathieu , Porchet Zemp Liliane , Radoch Caroline , Freund Ernst , Meishammer Aldo
Published: October 2018

Cladosporin, a natural product known for decades, has recently been discovered to display potent and selective antiplasmodial activity by inhibition of lysyl‐tRNA synthetase. It was subjected to a panel of oxidative biotransformations with one fungal and two actinomycetes strains, as well as a triple mutant bacterial CYP102A1, yielding eight, mostly hydroxylated, derivatives. These new compounds covered a wide chemical space and contained two pairs of epimers in the tetrahydropyran ring. Although less potent than the parent compound, all analogues showed activity in a cell‐based synthetase assay, thus demonstrating uptake and on‐target activity in living cells with varying degrees of selectivity for the enzyme lysyl‐tRNA synthetase from Plasmodium falciparum and highlighting sites suitable for synthesis of future cladosporin analogues. Compounds with adjacent hydroxy functions showed different MS/MS fragmentation that can be explained in terms of an, in some cases, regioselective loss of water followed by a retro‐Diels–Alder reaction.
A prospective, single‐center, randomized study to assess whether automated coregistration of optical coherence tomography with angiography can reduce geographic miss
Authors: Koyama Kohei , Fujino Akiko , Maehara Akiko , Yamamoto Myong Hwa , Alexandru Dragos , Jennings Joan , Krug Patricia , Santiago Lyn M. , Murray Meghan , Bongiovanni Linda , Lee Tetsumin , Kim Song‐Yi , Wang Xiao , Lin Yongqing , Matsumura Mitsuaki , Ali Ziad A. , Sosa Fernando , Haag Elizabeth , Mintz Gary S. , Shlofmitz Richard A.
Published: October 2018

Objective

We sought to evaluate whether automated coregistration of optical coherence tomography (OCT) with angiography reduces geographic miss (GM) during coronary stenting.

Background

Previous intravascular ultrasound or OCT studies have showed that residual disease at the stent edge or stent edge dissection was associated with stent thrombosis or edge restenosis. This has been termed GM.

Methods

Two hundred de novo coronary lesions were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to OCT‐guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with versus without automated coregistration of OCT with angiography. GM, the primary endpoint, was defined as angiographic ≥type B dissection or diameter stenosis >50% or OCT minimum lumen area <4.0 mm2 with significant residual disease or dissection (dissection flap >60°) within 5 mm from the stent edge.

Results

The prevalence of GM was not different comparing OCT‐guided PCI with versus without automated coregistration (27.6% vs 34.0%, P = 0.33). However, there was a trend toward a reduced prevalence of significant distal stent edge dissection in lesions with automated coregistration (11.1% vs 20.8%, P = 0.07). The discrepancy in the distance between planned versus actual implanted stent location with automated coregistration was significantly shorter than without coregistration (1.9 ± 1.6 mm vs 2.6 ± 2.7 mm, P = 0.03), especially the prevalence of ≥5 mm discrepancy that was less frequent with automated coregistration.

Conclusions

Automated coregistration of OCT with angiography did not reduce the primary endpoint of GM after stent implantation.
Contrast modulation in chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Azzalini Lorenzo , Uretsky Barry , Brilakis Emmanouil S. , Colombo Antonio , Carlino Mauro
Published: October 2018

The intraplaque injection of contrast media in the recanalization of coronary chronic total occlusions (CTO) has witnessed a dynamic journey since its initial formulation. Contrast‐guided subintimal tracking and re‐entry (STAR) was the first contrast modulation technique for CTO percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). With this technique, a forceful injection of a large volume of contrast (3–4 mL) was performed in order to achieve hydraulic recanalization of the vessel. This approach was associated with extensive vessel injury and unpredictable true lumen re‐entry, which were in turn linked to high rates of restenosis on follow‐up. In the subsequent iteration, called the “microchannel technique”, a smaller amount of contrast media (1 mL) was gently injected inside the plaque to modify its compliance by softening and recruiting loose tissue, which facilitated subsequent true‐to‐true lumen crossing with a polymer‐jacketed wire along paths of least resistance. The microchannel technique has later evolved into what is currently known as the “Carlino technique”, where a minimal volume of contrast media (<0.5 mL) is gently injected inside the occlusion, with the goal of modifying plaque compliance to facilitate guidewire and microcatheter advancement through a fibrocalcific plaque. The Carlino technique is now widely utilized to allow negotiation of difficult‐to‐cross occlusions, particularly by the “hybrid operators”, with high success rates and low incidence of complications. The purpose of this article is to provide a historical perspective on the use of contrast modulation in CTO PCI, its pathophysiological basis, as well as technical recommendations on how and when to perform these maneuvers.
Laminated Glass with Stiff Interlayers – Glass Canopies with Spans up to 1.2 Meters
Authors: Hänig Julian , Bukieda Paulina , Stelzer Ingo , Weller Bernhard
Published: October 2018

Standardised systems for glass canopies, such as terrace roofs or conservatories, mostly consist of laminated glass with standard‐PVB interlayers and span up to 0.8 meters. The industry's wish, however, is to enlarge the span and to increase the transparency as well as brightness in glass canopies by using slender glass structures. To enlarge the spans, the application of stiff interlayers in laminated glass is discussed. Together with Kuraray Europe GmbH, the Technische Universität Dresden evaluated the load bearing capacities of laminated glass canopies with different interlayers and spans up to 1.2 meters in a numerical study. Loads and the resulting load combinations, for the location Germany, were analysed to enable a proper dimensioning of glazings in various spans and glass structures. The aim of the study is to highlight the performance of stiff interlayers in applications with increased span and compare the load bearing capacities to those of standard‐PVB. In this manner, a focus on laminated glass design under different load combinations is set.
Comparison of IGU‐design according to German and European Standards
Authors: Siebert Geralt
Published: October 2018

Recently the German standard for design of glass structures was revised; an updated version was published as draft version by May 2018. On European level the two codes EN16612 and EN16613 for design of “infill‐panels” have been published end of 2017 after a long period of working on it. The work on Eurocode for Glass is not finished yet, but a prCEN/TS was published. In this paper the design of simple Insulating Glass Units (IGU) according to “old” German design standard DIN 18008 (2010), the revised version (2018) and the European EN16612 (2017) will be compared. In a first step, design equations are reviewed, including different values of used parameters and safety factors. As the design equations and procedure is not easy to compare, several examples were calculated to be able to illustrate the differences by comparison of calculation results. In addition, restrictions of different codes are explained. To make it not too complicated, the IGU are set up of single panes only, regarding effects of design of laminated safety glass (LSG) see a separate paper.
Climate Change and its Influence on Glazed Curtain Wall Design
Authors: Arztmann Daniel
Published: October 2018

The climate change is a fact and has huge influences on the design of modern building envelopes. The climate change and its effects were analyzed and a management plan for a holistic curtain wall design was developed that helps to reduce the material loss and human suffering and that improves the reconstruction process. A first step of this is an energy efficient curtain wall design that results in a CO2 reduction and influences the frequency and intensity of the climate change as a whole. Secondly, special designed digital simulation processes offer possibilities to check and fine‐tune product characteristics that minimizes the vulnerability in case of extreme weather events. Acute event management can be done by combining disaster prediction tools with early alert systems that can be used to release a home protection service which, for example, shuts down self‐controlled shutters in case of a hurricane. The last step of the management plan deals with a fast recovering of the environment after a natural disaster. Building components are classified into two groups depending on their significance for the curtain wall. Class A components should not be affected in case of an event as they are responsible for the structural stability of the curtain wall or are very expensive. Class B components are cheaper design features or protection devices that are allowed to get damaged and must be designed for easy access and replacement. A final evaluation of the management plan gives information where current glazed curtain wall design provides already good solutions and where additional action and innovation is needed.