bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the efficacy of 595 nm pulsed dye laser in the management of facial flat angiomas. Results of a case series
Authors: Coricciati Luigi , Gabellone Maddalena , Donne Pantalea Delle , Fusco Irene , Zingoni Tiziano
Published: October 2023

Background

Studies on pulsed dye laser (PDL) have shown the best efficacy and safety data for treating vascular anomalies among the various lasers used and the 595‐nm PDL has been used to treat cutaneous vascular anomalies for about 30 years. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of 595 nm Pulsed Dye Laser in the management of facial flat angiomas present in the form of Port‐Wine Stain.

Materials and Methods

Seven cases of PWS in Fitzpatrick skin type ranged from I to III and colour ranging from pink to purple, were treated with 595 nm pulse Dye Laser. Patients underwent to 6–8 laser sessions at 20–30 days intervals. Results obtained were judged by dermatologist, by comparing pre‐treatment and post‐treatment photographs, 6 months after the last session and a quartile scale of lesion clearance (4‐point Investigator Global Assessment scale): 1 = no or low results (0%–25% of the lesion area improved), 2 = slight improvement (25%–50% of the lesion area cleared), 3 = moderate‐good improvement (50%–75%), and 4 = excellent improvement (75%–100%) was used. Possible side effects such as blisters, hyper/hypopigmentation, and scarring were monitored.

Results

All patients observed global improvements. 71% of patients achieved excellent clearance and 29% patients achieved good‐moderate clearance of their angioma. Patients were asked for a subjective evaluation of the results: 57% of patients were very satisfied, 29% were satisfied, and 14% patients were not very satisfied with the results. No patients were dissatisfied. No significant side effects were noted.

Conclusion

This research confirms the efficacy of the 595 nm PDL for flat angioma management, without considerable side effects.
Generalized k‐variate proportional hazard function for censored survival data
Authors: Kittani Hilmi Fadel
Published: October 2023

This note develops a generalized ‐variate hazard function for censored data in survival analysis. It introduces a generalized recursive formula, extending the bivariate and trivariate cases introduced by Clayton and Cuzick (1985, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (General), 148(2):82–108) and Kittani (1995, Journal of Mathematical Sciences, 67–74), respectively. The newly developed function is explicitly specified by association parameters and marginal hazard functions.
Bi‐directional hoeing in maize
Authors: Naruhn Georg , Schneevoigt Valentin , Hartung Jens , Peteinatos Gerassimos , Möller Kurt , Gerhards Roland
Published: October 2023

The weed control efficacy (WCE) of mechanical weeding in the inter‐row area in conventional cropping systems can achieve more than 90%. Despite the use of special intra‐row tools (e.g., finger weeders), only a WCE of 65%–75% can currently be realized in the intra‐row area. To close the gap between inter‐row and intra‐row WCE, in this study, a new approach for high‐efficacy precise mechanical weeding is presented. By using a GPS‐based pneumatic precision seeder (Kverneland GEOseed), a square crop seeding pattern of 37.5 cm × 37.5 cm was established in maize to enable post‐emergence hoeing lengthwise and transverse to the sowing direction. Thus, the treated area by the hoeing blades is postulated to increase, resulting in higher WCE. For this, six field experiments were conducted in South‐Western Germany in 2021 and 2022. Goosefoot blades and no‐till sweeps were guided automatically using a camera for row detection and a hydraulic side‐shift control for the hoe. This bi‐directional treatment was compared to an herbicide application and to hoeing treatments only along and transverse to the sowing direction. The bi‐directional hoeing treatment increased the WCE compared to hoeing along the crop rows on average from 80% to 95% and was not significantly different from the herbicide applications in 2022. Precise sowing in combination with hoeing along and transverse the crop rows resulted in 5.3% crop losses compared to 2.2% for hoeing only along the sowing direction by using only 15 cm wide goosefoot blades, while in the herbicide treatment and the untreated control no crop losses were detected. While maize biomass was not significantly different from the herbicide treatment in most cases over both years, in 2022, even the grain yield of the bi‐directional hoeing treatment with goosefoot blades (7.8 Mg ha−1) was statistically equal to the herbicide treatment (6.9 Mg ha−1). This study demonstrates the great potential of bi‐directional hoeing as an effective alternative to chemical weed control in row crops such as maize, sunflower and sugar beet.
The Hodgkin‐Huxley‐Katz Prize Lecture: A Markov model with permeation‐dependent gating that accounts for resurgent current of voltage‐gated Na channels
Authors: Raman Indira M.
Published: October 2023

Many neurons that fire high‐frequency action potentials express specialized voltage‐gated Na channel complexes that not only conduct transient current upon depolarization, but also pass resurgent current upon repolarization. The resurgent current is associated with recovery of transient current, even at moderately negative potentials where fast inactivation is usually absorbing. The combined results of many experimental studies have led to the hypothesis that resurgent current flows upon repolarization when an endogenous blocking protein that occludes open channels at depolarized potentials is expelled by inwardly permeating Na ions. Additional observations have suggested that the position of the voltage sensor of domain IV regulates the affinity of the channel for the putative blocker. To test the effectiveness of a kinetic scheme incorporating these features, here we develop and justify a Markov model with states grounded in known Na channel conformations. Simulations were designed to investigate whether including a permeation‐dependent unblocking rate constant and two open‐blocked states, superimposed on conformations and voltage‐sensitive movements present in all voltage‐gated Na channels, is sufficient to account for the unusual gating of channels with a resurgent component. Optimizing rate constant parameters against a wide range of experimental data from cerebellar Purkinje cells demonstrates that a kinetic scheme for Na channels incorporating the novel aspects of a permeation‐dependent unblock, as well as distinct high‐ and low‐affinity blocked states, reproduces all the attributes of experimentally recorded Na currents in a physiologically plausible manner.

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Analysis of Drying Front Propagation and Coupled Heat and Mass Transfer During Evaporation From Additively Manufactured Porous Structures Under a Solar Flux
Authors: Chakraborty Partha Pratim , Derby Melanie M.
Published: October 2023

Drying front propagation and coupled heat and mass transfer analysis from porous media is critical for soil–water dynamics, electronics cooling, and evaporative drying. In this study, de-ionized water was evaporated from three 3D printed porous structures (with 0.41 mm, 0.41 mm, and 0.16 mm effective radii, respectively) created out of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic using stereolithography technology. The structures were immersed in water until all the pores were invaded and then placed on the top of a sensitive scale to record evaporative mass loss. A 1000 W/m2 heat flux was applied with a solar simulator to the top of each structure to accelerate evaporation. The evaporative mass losses were recorded at 15 min time intervals and plotted against time to compare evaporation rates from the three structures. The evaporation phenomena were captured with a high-speed camera from the side of the structures to observe the drying front propagation during evaporation, and a high-resolution thermal camera was used to capture images to visualize the thermal gradients during evaporation. The 3D-structure with the smallest effective pore radius (i.e., 0.16 mm) experienced the sharpest decrease in the mass loss as the water evaporated from 0.8 g to 0.1 g within 180 min. The designed pore structures influenced hydraulic linkages, and therefore, evaporation processes. A coupled heat-and-mass-transfer model modeled constant rate evaporation, and the falling rate period was modeled through the normalized evaporation rate.
Identification of Dynamic Force Coefficients for an Additively Manufactured Hermetic Squeeze Film Bearing Support Damper Utilizing a Pass-Through Channel
Authors: Ertas Bugra , Gary Keith , Adcock Tom
Published: October 2023

The following paper presents breakthrough experimental results for a new hermetic squeeze film damper (HSFD) concept that is integrally designed within an externally pressurized tilting-pad radial gas bearing support. The flexibly damped gas bearing module was designed for a 7.2″ (183 mm) diameter shaft and fabricated using direct metal laser melting (DMLM); also known as additive manufacturing. The bearing and HSFD were sized based on ongoing studies for oil-free supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) power turbines in the 8.5 MW–10 MW power range. The development of the new damper concept was motivated by past dynamic testing on HSFD, which generated frequency-dependent stiffness and damping force coefficients. In efforts to eliminate the frequency dependency, a new HSFD architecture was conceived that adds accumulator volumes and a pass-through channel to previously conceived HSFD flow network designs. The other motivation for the work is the need to develop a cost-effective and reliable oil-free bearing technology that is scalable to large power turbomachinery applications. There were several objectives for the following work. The first objective was to successfully design and fabricate a single piece bearing-damper using additive manufacturing, while dimensionally controlling critical design features. The paper discusses the manufacturing steps and shows cut-ups that reveal adequate clearance control capability with internal damper clearances. The second objective was to perform experimental testing with the new HSFD design in efforts to extract stiffness and damping coefficients for excitation frequencies within 20–160 Hz and peak vibration amplitudes between 0.25 mils (6.35 microns) to 1 mil (25.4 microns). The test results for a single HSFD bearing module indicated that the design modifications to the HSFD architecture were successful in eliminating nearly all the frequency dependencies for the stiffness force coefficient. The dynamic tests yielded a stiffness coefficient that varied between 112 klb/in. (19.6 MN/m) and 96 klb/in. (16.8 MN/m). The damping force coefficient however, exhibited relatively more variation with frequency with values residing between 175 lb-s/in. (31 kN-s/m) to 214 lb-s/in. (37 kN-s/m). Finally, the paper advances a three-dimensional fluid-structure interaction (FSI) model using transient finite element analysis (FEA) coupled to a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. The FSI analysis performed between 20 Hz and 80 Hz was used to predict the stiffness and damping of the HSFD using a quarter-section model of the damper. The FSI analysis was able to support test results by showing only a 6–7.4% change in the magnitude of force coefficients. Stiffness predictions agree reasonably well with experiments whereas damping is underpredicted.
Six Weeks of Unilateral Flywheel Hip-Extension and Leg-Curl Training Improves Flywheel Eccentric Peak Power but Does Not Enhance Hamstring Isokinetic or Isometric Strength
Authors: de Keijzer Kevin L. , McErlain-Naylor Stuart A. , Beato Marco
Published: October 2023

Purpose: This preregistered trial investigated how 6 weeks of unilateral flywheel leg-curl and hip-extension training impact isokinetic, isometric, and flywheel strength and power outcomes. Methods: The study involved 11 male university athletes (age 22 [2] y; body mass 77.2 [11.3] kg; height 1.74 [0.09] m) with one leg randomly allocated to flywheel training and one leg to control. Unilateral eccentric and isometric knee-flexion torque and flywheel unilateral leg-curl and hip-extension peak power were tested. Training intensity and volume (3–4 sets of 6 + 2 repetitions) were progressively increased. Results: The intervention enhanced hip-extension concentric (P < .01, d = 1.76, large) and eccentric (P < .01, d = 1.33, large) peak power more than the control (significant interaction effect). Similarly, eccentric (P = .023, d = 1.05, moderate) peak power was enhanced for the leg curl. No statistically significant differences between conditions were found for isokinetic eccentric (P = .086, d = 0.77, moderate) and isometric (P = .431, d = 0.36, small) knee-flexor strength or leg-curl concentric peak power (P = .339, d = 0.52, small). Statistical parametric mapping analysis of torque–angle curves also revealed no significant (P > .05) time–limb interaction effect at any joint angle. Conclusion: Unilateral flywheel hamstring training improved knee-flexor eccentric peak power during unilateral flywheel exercise but not flywheel concentric, isokinetic eccentric, or isometric (long-lever) knee-flexor strength.
Topology of functions with non-isolated stratified critical points
Authors: Dutertre Nicolas , Pérez Juan Antonio Moya
Published: October 2023

Let [Formula: see text] be a definable function germ of class [Formula: see text] and let [Formula: see text] be a germ of a closed definable set. We investigate topological invariants associated with [Formula: see text]. In particular, we give several topological formulae for the Euler characteristics of related sets. We also relate the topology of [Formula: see text] to the topology of a definable function with isolated critical point in the stratified case.
Numerical simulation of Gedanken experiments involving violations of Bell’s inequalities
Authors: Song Daegene
Published: October 2023

Entanglement exhibits a unique property of quantum theory that is unseen in classical counterparts. The experimental confirmation of Bell’s inequalities has surprised many people and revived interest and debate regarding the exact nature of quantum theory, including the wave-particle duality. On the other hand, rapid advancements in computing technology in recent years have provided a new tool for investigating the nature of quantum theory. In this paper, numerical simulation is used to visualize the nonlocality implied in quantum entanglement. In particular, a Gedanken experiment of a discrete approximation of a continuous quantum space is provided, similar to the case of the dual nature of particle/wave in the double-slit experiment. The results are expected to provide a different angle for a deeper understanding of the mysterious nature of quantum correlations.
Wave behavior in a numerical wave tank at intermediate depth of water using stokes wave theory
Authors: Singh Deepak Kumar , Ranjan Sanjeev , Patil Naveen G
Published: October 2023

The paper analyzes a second-order Stokes wave theory by CFD code and uses the volume of fluid (VOF) method in a 2D numerical wave tank (NWT) in the intermediate depth of water under different wave steepness conditions. The CFD simulation in an NWT generates a wave, validated with the already published experimental and numerical data to check the accuracy. It shows that current results are in good agreement with the published result and the difference in the results is within 2.1027%. Six tests under different wave heights for the time period [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]s have been conducted in an NWT to verify the analysis of the wave theory. Horizontal and vertical velocity, surface elevation, and the velocity vector of the particle motion are the important objectives in this analysis. The study shows that the free surface of the water is a high energy density zone. The time discretization has been achieved with the first-order implicit scheme and the second-order upwind scheme. This analysis shows that the ocean characteristic of second-order Stokes wave theory on the free surface is important to the engineering sciences and further investigation.
DOES CLIMATE CHANGE INFLUENCE HUMAN MIGRATION? EVIDENCE FROM THE SIXTH NATIONAL POPULATION CENSUS IN CHINA
Authors: FENG JIANMING , YANG LINJIA , SHENG ZHIWEI , ZHANG FAN
Published: October 2023

This research estimates the climate change in mainland China between 1951 and 2010, and empirically analyzes the mechanism of climate change’s impact on population migration in mainland China using individual micro-data from China’s 2010 census. The study found that temperature has a significant positive effect on population migration, as the higher the temperature increases, the more likely people are to make the decision to migrate; on the contrary, rainfall has a significant negative impact on population migration, as the more the rainfall decreases, the more likely people are to make the decision to migrate. Conversely, the interaction term results show that when facing increasing temperature, females, ethnic minorities, married individuals and rural residents are more likely to migrate, while highly educated people will tend not to move out. In terms of rainfall, females, highly educated people and ethnic minorities are more likely to make migration decisions; while married individuals and rural residents are less likely to make migration decisions. The couple-matching model found that the migration decisions between couples are significantly influenced upon climate change. With the continuous rise of the Chinese government’s rural revitalization strategy, how to maintain rural residents becomes a focal issue. Rural residents are more vulnerable to climate change than urban residents, so how to effectively reduce the impact of climate change and stabilize rural residents’ production and life have become a policy-challenging issue.
Improved Accelerated Gradient Algorithms with Line Search for Smooth Convex Optimization Problems
Authors: Li Ting , Song Yongzhong , Cai Xingju
Published: October 2023

For smooth convex optimization problems, the optimal convergence rate of first-order algorithm is [Formula: see text] in theory. This paper proposes three improved accelerated gradient algorithms with the gradient information at the latest point. For the step size, to avoid using the global Lipschitz constant and make the algorithm converge faster, new adaptive line search strategies are adopted. By constructing a descent Lyapunov function, we prove that the proposed algorithms can preserve the convergence rate of [Formula: see text]. Numerical experiments demonstrate that our algorithms perform better than some existing algorithms which have optimal convergence rate.
A fuzzy black hole
Authors: Burić Ilija , Burić Maja
Published: October 2023

We review a recent model of a fuzzy BTZ black hole. The fuzzy black hole is a quantum space defined in terms of an operator algebra together with a covariant differential calculus. It satisfies vacuum Einstein’s equations with a negative cosmological constant. Black hole interior and exterior are identified with discrete and continuous parts of the radius coordinate spectrum, respectively.
Tachyon constant-roll inflation in Randall–Sundrum II cosmology
Authors: Stojanovic Marko , Bilić Neven , Dimitrijevic Dragoljub D. , Djordjevic Goran S. , Milosevic Milan
Published: October 2023

We study inflation in a model with constant second slow-roll parameter [Formula: see text]. In this case, the Hubble expansion rate equation has analytical solutions describing four possible, nontrivial inflation scenarios. The evolution of the inflaton governed by a tachyon field is studied in the framework of the standard and Randall–Sundrum II cosmology. The attractor behavior of the solution is briefly demonstrated. Finally, the calculated values of the parameters [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are compared with observational data.
Natural observables and dynamical approximations in multifield cosmological models
Authors: Lazaroiu C. I.
Published: October 2023

I give a geometric construction of certain first-order natural dynamical observables in multifield cosmological models with arbitrary target space topology and discuss a system of related dynamical approximations and regimes for such models.
Nearly static magnetized Kerr black-hole in nonlinear electrodynamics
Authors: Managave K. G. , Redekar H. A. , Kumbhar R. B. , Das S. P. , Rajpure K. Y.
Published: October 2023

We have analyzed the thermodynamics of slowly rotating magnetized Kerr black-hole following Newman–Janis prescription with typical spin parameter [Formula: see text] (nearly static) in the background of nonlinear electrodynamics. The nonlinear electrodynamics is parameterized with two parameters [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. We consider two values of the [Formula: see text], namely [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. In particular, we have studied the Bekenstein–Hawking entropy, Hawking temperature, angular momentum, specific heats at constant angular momentum. The specific heat profiles show that the black-hole becomes unstable for all the values of event horizon radius.
Studying on failure compensation in low-energy region of superconducting cavity in CAFe2
Authors: Jia Yongzhi , Chen Xiaolong , Li JiaoSai , Sun Kunxiang , Wang Zhijun , Qi Xin , He Yuan
Published: October 2023

The high availability of Accelerator-Driven Sub-critical system (ADS) facilities poses a major challenge for the accelerators, which sets stringent requirements on the beam trip rate. However, beam trips caused by component failures in the low-energy region of the superconducting (SC) radio-frequency (RF) cavity are always a bottleneck for the long-term stable operation of high-power beams. In this paper, we present a compensation method. This method can be used to compensate for cavity faults that occur at low-energy ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]MeV). The compensation is achieved by rematching the beam with nearby components and compensating for energy using all cavities. The new Epeak and RF phases of the remaining components are calculated in the simulation environment using a multi-objective genetic algorithm. The compensation scheme is then tested on the super-heavy element research accelerator II (CAFe2). The experimental results show that the scheme can compensate for the energy, maintaining the same level as the normal operation status, while keeping the transmission efficiency [Formula: see text]. The entire compensation process takes only 36[Formula: see text]s. This is the first compensation experiment in the low-energy region, and it demonstrates the feasibility of long-term stable operation.
A 1.8 V 115.52 dB Third-Order Discrete-Time Sigma-Delta Modulator Using Nested Chopper Technology
Authors: Wang Jinchan , Wang Gefan , Li Kai , Liu Bo
Published: October 2023

A Sigma-Delta modulator (SDM) realized with a fully differential third-order single-loop cascaded integrator feedforward (CIFF) architecture is proposed. A pair of low-frequency chopper switches are nested outside the chopper amplifier to further reduce the residual offset voltage. To reduce the power consumption and ensure linearity, a high-speed dynamic comparator is also used to implement a one-bit quantizer. The proposed architecture and the corresponding functionality are first simulated in MATLAB Simulink at the behavioral level. The results show that the designed modulator has an SNDR of 124.9[Formula: see text]dB corresponding to an ENOB of 20.46 bits at a clock frequency of 256[Formula: see text]kHz and 312.5[Formula: see text]Hz input with a differential-mode voltage of 700[Formula: see text]mV sinusoidal waveform. Based on SMIC 180[Formula: see text]nm/1.8[Formula: see text]V standard CMOS process on the Cadence platform, the subcircuit-level simulation is also performed, while the result shows that the proposed modulator can effectively achieve 115.52[Formula: see text]dB SNDR, 18.90-bit ENOB, and 8.40[Formula: see text]mW power consumption, which correspond to FoM[Formula: see text] and FoM[Formula: see text] of 0.067[Formula: see text]pJ/step and 163.27[Formula: see text]dB, respectively. The proposed modulator shows a significant advantage to be applied for high-precision analog-to-digital conversion applications such as high-quality equipment for audio, ECG and EEG signal sensing.
OC-Detector: Detecting Smart Contract Vulnerabilities Based on Clustering Opcode Instructions
Authors: Gu Xiguo , Zheng Liwei , Yang Huiwen , Liu Shifan , Cui Zhanqi
Published: October 2023

Smart contracts are programs running on blockchain. In recent years, due to the persistent occurrence of security-related accidents in smart contracts, the effective detection of vulnerabilities in smart contracts has received extensive attention from researchers and engineers. Machine learning-based vulnerability detection techniques have the advantage that they do not need expert rules for determining vulnerabilities. However, existing approaches cannot identify vulnerabilities when the versions of smart contract compilers are updated. In this paper, we propose OC-Detector (Opcode Clustering Detector), a smart contract vulnerability detection approach based on clustering opcode instructions. OC-Detector learns the characteristics of opcode instructions to cluster them and replaces opcode instructions belonging to the same cluster with the ID of the cluster. After that, the similarity between the contract under analysis and contracts in the vulnerability database is calculated to identify vulnerabilities. The experimental results demonstrate that OC-Detector improves the F1 value of detecting vulnerabilities from 0.04 to 0.40 compared to DC-Hunter, Securify, SmartCheck and Osiris. Additionally, compared to DC-Hunter, the F1 value is improved by 0.27 when detecting vulnerabilities in smart contracts compiled by different versions of compilers.
A Dual Decision-Making Continuous Reinforcement Learning Method Based on Sim2Real
Authors: Xiao Wenwen , Wang Xinzhi , Luo Xiangfeng , Xie Shaorong
Published: October 2023

Continuous reinforcement learning carries potential security risks when applied in real-world scenarios, which could have significant societal implications. While its field of application is expanding, the majority of applications still remain confined to virtual environments. If only a single continuous learning method is applied to an unmanned system, it will still forget previously learned experiences, and retraining will be required when it encounters unknown environments. This reduces the learning efficiency of the unmanned system. To address these issues, some scholars have suggested prioritizing the experience playback pool and using transfer learning to apply previously learned strategies to new environments. However, these methods only alleviate the speed at which the unmanned system forgets its experiences and do not fundamentally solve the problem. Additionally, they cannot prevent dangerous actions and falling into local optima. Therefore, we propose a dual decision-making continuous learning method based on simulation to reality (Sim2Real). This method employs a knowledge body to eliminate the local optimal dilemma, and corrects bad strategies in a timely manner to ensure that the unmanned system makes the best decision every time. Our experimental results demonstrate that our method has a 30% higher success rate than other state-of-the-art methods, and the model transfer to real scenes is still highly effective.
Normalization of the vacuum and the ultraviolet completion of Einstein gravity
Authors: Mannheim Philip D.
Published: October 2023

Second-order-derivative plus fourth-order-derivative gravity is the ultraviolet completion of second-order-derivative quantum Einstein gravity. While it achieves renormalizability through states of negative Dirac norm, the unitarity violation that this would entail can be postponed to Planck energies. As we show in this paper, the theory has a different problem, one that occurs at all energy scales, namely that the Dirac norm of the vacuum of the theory is not finite. To establish this, we present a procedure for determining the norm of the vacuum in any quantum field theory. With the Dirac norm of the vacuum of the second-order-derivative plus fourth-order-derivative theory not being finite, the Feynman rules that are used to establish renormalizability are not valid, as is the assumption that the theory can be used as an effective theory at energies well below the Planck scale. This lack of finiteness is also manifested in the fact that the Lorentzian path integral for the theory is divergent. Because the vacuum Dirac norm is not finite, the Hamiltonian of the theory is not Hermitian. However, it turns out to be [Formula: see text] symmetric. When one continues the theory into the complex plane and uses the [Formula: see text] symmetry inner product, viz. the overlap of the left-eigenstate of the Hamiltonian with its right-eigenstate, one then finds that for the vacuum this norm is both finite and positive, the Feynman rules now are valid, the Lorentzian path integral now is well behaved, and the theory now can serve as a low energy effective theory, one that we show to have a real classical gravity limit. Consequently, the theory can now be offered as a fully consistent, unitary and renormalizable theory of quantum gravity.
Turing independence and Baire category
Authors: Kumar Ashutosh , Shelah Saharon
Published: October 2023

We show that it is relatively consistent with ZFC that there is a non-meager set of reals [Formula: see text] such that for every non-meager [Formula: see text], there exist distinct [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] is computable from the Turing join of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].
The moment map for the variety of Leibniz algebras
Authors: Chen Zhiqi , Wang Saiyu , Zhang Hui
Published: October 2023

We consider the moment map [Formula: see text] for the action of [Formula: see text] on [Formula: see text], and study the functional [Formula: see text] restricted to the projectivizations of the algebraic varieties of all [Formula: see text]-dimensional Leibniz algebras [Formula: see text] and all [Formula: see text]-dimensional symmetric Leibniz algebras [Formula: see text], respectively. First, we give a description of the maxima and minima of the functional [Formula: see text], proving that they are actually attained at the symmetric Leibniz algebras. Then, for an arbitrary critical point [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text], we characterize the structure of [Formula: see text] by virtue of the nonnegative rationality. Finally, we classify the critical points of [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], respectively.
Timelike Ricci bounds for low regularity spacetimes by optimal transport
Authors: Braun Mathias , Calisti Matteo
Published: October 2023

We prove that a globally hyperbolic smooth spacetime endowed with a [Formula: see text]-Lorentzian metric whose Ricci tensor is bounded from below in all timelike directions, in a distributional sense, obeys the timelike measure-contraction property. This result includes a class of spacetimes with borderline regularity for which local existence results for the vacuum Einstein equation are known in the setting of spaces with timelike Ricci bounds in a synthetic sense. In particular, these spacetimes satisfy timelike Brunn–Minkowski, Bonnet–Myers, and Bishop–Gromov inequalities in sharp form, without any timelike nonbranching assumption. If the metric is even [Formula: see text], in fact the stronger timelike curvature-dimension condition holds. In this regularity, we also obtain uniqueness of chronological optimal couplings and chronological geodesics.
Frequency Design of a Vertical Cantilever Beam Carrying Tip Mass
Authors: Chen Shengli , Wu Zhiqiang , Zhang Yijia , He Hanlu
Published: October 2023

Previous research has revealed that vertical cantilever beam structures, after considering the effects of gravity, can exhibit a 1:3 internal resonance between two transverse modes. However, whether a similar phenomenon would still occur in the system when a proof body is attached to the free end of cantilever beams, and how to perform parameter design to deliberately induce internal resonance are still open issues. The present study conducts research on the natural frequencies of a vertical cantilever beam with a tip mass. Within the framework of the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory, Hamilton’s principle is utilized to derive the integral-partial differential equation of free vibration of the system. The corresponding frequency equation is then solved using the Chebyshev pseudospectral method, with an algebraic equation of the natural frequency obtained. Moreover, an explicit analytical expression for the fundamental frequency is obtained using parameter fitting, which is then used to reveal the relationship among parameters under the critical state of buckling and evaluate the extent of gravity’s impact on the fundamental frequency. The study finally investigates the ratio of the first two natural frequencies. A parameter design method is proposed, which derives a parametric curve in terms of the fundamental frequency, ensuring a 1:3 ratio between the first two natural frequencies. The free vibration time history at the midpoint of the beam is acquired by directly solving the system’s partial differential equation through the finite element method. Fourier transformation of this time history verifies that the fundamental frequency aligns with a predetermined value, and the ratio between the first two natural frequencies is 1:3, thus confirming the efficacy of the proposed method. It is found that the addition of a tip mass provides more flexibility in adjusting parameters to achieve internal resonance, which facilitates the miniaturization of actual structures.
Effect of a Four-Parameter Kerr-Type Elastic Foundation on the Large-Amplitude Free Vibration of the Nanocomposite Beams: A Dual-FG Modeling
Authors: Qiu Liuyuchen
Published: October 2023

This study examines the free vibration of a unique nanocomposite beam, characterized by large-amplitude motions. The composition of the material comprises functionally graded (FG) polymers fortified with graphene platelet (GPL) nanofillers, forming a nanocomposite structure with a dual FG designation. The arrangement of graphene platelet nanofillers within the dual-phase matrix follows one of five linear functionally graded models. To ascertain the behavior of the nanocomposite, the homogenization process employs the Voigt rule of mixtures for the power law-based FG matrix, while the Halpin–Tsai homogenization procedure is employed for the functionally graded graphene platelet (FG-GPL) reinforced nanocomposite. The beam is supported by a novel four-parameter nonlinear Kerr elastic foundation, located at the beam’s lower surface, which governs the linear and nonlinear frequencies. Employing the Karama higher-order shear deformation theory, the beam’s displacements are estimated, and the strains are described by the Von-Kármán geometrically nonlinear relations. Solving the problem necessitates the utilization of the generalized differential quadrature (GDQ) method, coupled with a bilateral iterative displacement control (BIDC) technique. Notably, the equations are rendered independent of the time variable implementing the weighted residual Galerkin procedure. The obtained frequencies of the GPL-reinforced beam with an isotropic homogeneous matrix are compared against those documented in existing literature, ensuring validation. Subsequently, parametric results are presented to assess the impact of the novel nanocomposite features on the linear and nonlinear frequencies of beams.
First-order linear Marcus SPDEs
Authors: Hartmann Lena-Susanne , Pavlyukevich Ilya
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we solve a Lévy driven linear stochastic first-order partial differential equation (transport equation) understood in the canonical (Marcus) form. The solution can be obtained with the help of the method of stochastic characteristics. It has the same form as a solution of a deterministic PDE or a solution of a stochastic PDE driven by a Brownian motion studied by Kunita [First order stochastic partial differential equations, in Stochastic Analysis. Proc. Taniguchi Int. Symp. Stochastic Analysis, Katata and Kyoto, 1982, North-Holland Mathematical Library, Vol. 32, ed. K. Itô (North-Holland Publishing Company, 1984), pp. 249–269; Stochastic Flows and Stochastic Differential Equations, Vol. 24 (Cambridge University Press, 1997)].
Interpolatory Taylor and Lidstone series
Authors: Ismail Mourad E. H. , Simeonov Plamen , Stanton Dennis
Published: October 2023

We develop Taylor type series expansions for entire functions of order zero using general interpolation sequences that diverge to infinity sufficiently fast. We also derive two-point and multi-point Lidstone type series expansions for entire functions of order zero. The coefficients of these Taylor and Lidstone type series are expressed in terms of values of a certain integral operator. Our results imply as special cases several recent results on [Formula: see text]-Taylor and [Formula: see text]-Lidstone expansions of order zero entire functions, and provide a general technique for deriving such series.
Humanoid Trajectory Optimization with B-Splines and Analytical Centroidal Momentum Derivatives
Authors: Paz Alvaro , Arechavaleta Gustavo
Published: October 2023

This paper presents efficient geometric algorithms to analytically evaluate the first- and second-order information of humanoid dynamics within a trajectory optimization scheme. In particular, the exact Hessians of the robot’s center of mass and the centroidal momentum are provided to the optimization solver for synthesizing dynamically feasible humanoid motions. The transcription method applies direct collocation to parametrize the humanoid’s configuration space with B-Spline curves. The proposed algorithms avoid the computation of redundant information by exploiting the commutativity of the Kronecker product and the symmetry in second-order derivatives. We validate the effectiveness of the optimization strategy with the humanoid robot models Nao and Atlas. (The C++ code can be found in github.com/AlvaroPaz/BSplinesTrajOpt.)
Adaptive IQ and IMQ-RBFs for Solving Initial Value Problems: Adams–Bashforth and Adams–Moulton Methods
Authors: Rathan Samala , Shah Deepit , Kumar T. Hemanth , Charan K. Sandeep
Published: October 2023

In this paper, our objective is primarily to use adaptive inverse-quadratic (IQ) and inverse-multi-quadratic (IMQ) radial basis function (RBF) interpolation techniques to develop third and fourth-order methods such as Adams–Bashforth (AB) and Adams–Moulton (AM) methods. By utilizing a free parameter involved in the RBF, the local convergence of the numerical solution is enhanced by making the local truncation error vanish. Consistency and stability analysis is presented along with some numerical results to back up our assertions. The accuracy and rate of convergence of each proposed technique are equal to or better than the original AB and AM methods by eliminating the local truncation error thus in that sense, the proposed adaptive methods are optimal. We conclude that both IQ and IMQ-RBF methods yield an improved order of convergence than classical methods, while the superiority of one method depends on the method and the problem considered.
Territorial Dynamics Supported by a Collaborative Network of Innovation Labs: Toward an Approach to Establish a Portfolio of Indicators to Monitor and Assess their Territorial Impact
Authors: Pruvot Fanny , Dupont Laurent , Morel Laure
Published: October 2023

The multiplication of apparently similar Innovation Labs throughout the local territories raises questions about their role and their positioning. Innovation Labs are generally supplied by local resources. This substantial growth could facilitate the connection of various regions within a territory, thereby creating new areas for experimentation. The public authorities need these labs to bring added value to their territory. This study shows that a network of Innovation Labs could be a strategic means to support territorial dynamics at a local scale.

The literature does not provide concrete tools, resources, and methods to evaluate the territorial impacts of Innovation Labs. Furthermore, no literature review regarding the networking of Innovation Labs in a territory has yet been conducted. This paper begins to fill this gap and shows that the linking of innovation labs can support territorial dynamics. Through a review of the literature, research trends pertaining to territorial dynamics and innovation laboratories were identified. The contribution of this paper is the proposal of an approach to design a system of indicators to analyze a network of ILs adapted to a local territory as well as a portfolio of indicators. These results will allow us to follow the evolution of these labs, their interactions and their impacts on a local territory.
Geometry of non-standard Hamiltonian structures of Liénard equations and contact structure
Authors: Cariñena José F. , Guha Partha
Published: October 2023

We start with a self-contained brief review of the construction of non-standard Lagrangian and Hamiltonian structures for the Liénard equations satisfying Chiellini condition, we apply it to a special polynomial class of Liénard equation and explore the integrability structure. Then after a brief exposition of the contact geometry and its connection with the non-standard Hamiltonian structures, we describe the time evolution of the contact Hamiltonian and Liénard equation. We present the formulation of the Liénard equation in terms of General Equation for the Non-Equilibrium Reversible–Irreversible Coupling (GENERIC) method and also study the gradient-type flow. Finally, we describe the generalized Liénard equation by using the conformal Hamiltonian mechanics and illustrate our construction using spatio-temporal and autocatalysis systems.
Exposition of holomorphic Riemannian maps from nearly Kaehler manifolds
Authors: Maini Reetu , Gupta Garima , Kumar Rakesh , Sachdeva Rashmi , Rani Rachna
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we conduct a thorough investigation into holomorphic Riemannian maps from nearly Kaehler manifolds. We determine the necessary and sufficient conditions for these maps to be harmonic. In addition, we explore the scenario where the total manifold admits a Ricci soliton, analyze the properties of the holomorphic Riemannian maps in this context. We also establish several conditions under which the fibers of these maps admit Ricci solitons and trivial Ricci solitons.
Bianchi-I dark energy cosmological model in f(R,Lm)-gravity
Authors: Maurya Dinesh Chandra
Published: October 2023

We established an anisotropic Bianchi type-I dark energy model in this investigation’s [Formula: see text] gravity, where [Formula: see text] is an arbitrary function of the Ricci-scalar curvature [Formula: see text] and the matter Lagrangian [Formula: see text]. For the sake of our analysis, we have taken a particular form of this function, which is represented by the equation [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] are model free parameters, and [Formula: see text] is the “cosmological constant”. In order to derive the Hubble function [Formula: see text] in terms of redshift [Formula: see text], we analytically solved the field equations and established a connection between the energy parameters [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. By using the [Formula: see text]-test, we compared this Hubble function to [Formula: see text] datasets to find the model and energy parameters that fit the data the best. Also, we have analyzed our result with statefinder and Om diagnostic analysis that suggests the model to be a quintessence dark energy model and tends to [Formula: see text]CDM model in late time.
Primes in denominators of algebraic numbers
Authors: Singhal Deepesh , Lin Yuxin
Published: October 2023

Denote the set of algebraic numbers as [Formula: see text] and the set of algebraic integers as [Formula: see text]. For [Formula: see text], consider its irreducible polynomial in [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]. Denote [Formula: see text]. Drungilas, Dubickas and Jankauskas show in a recent paper that [Formula: see text]. Given a number field [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], we show that there is a subset [Formula: see text], for which [Formula: see text]. We prove that [Formula: see text] is a principal ideal domain if and only if the primes in [Formula: see text] generate the class group of [Formula: see text]. We show that given [Formula: see text], we can find a finite set [Formula: see text], such that for every number field [Formula: see text], we have [Formula: see text]. We study how this set [Formula: see text] relates to the ring [Formula: see text] and the ideal [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text]. We also show that [Formula: see text] satisfy [Formula: see text] if and only if [Formula: see text] for all number fields [Formula: see text].
On bounded basis with prescribed representation functions
Authors: Xue Fang-Gang
Published: October 2023

Let [Formula: see text] be the set of integers and [Formula: see text] the set of positive integers. For a nonempty set [Formula: see text] of integers and any integers [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text], define [Formula: see text] as the number of solutions of [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] A set [Formula: see text] of integers is defined as a basis of order [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text] for every integer [Formula: see text]. In 2004, Nešetřil and Serra considered the Erdős–Turán conjecture for a class of bounded bases. In this paper, we generalize the above result and obtain that: for any function [Formula: see text], there exists a bounded basis of order [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] for every integer [Formula: see text].
Hybrid subconvexity bounds for twists of GL(3) L-functions
Authors: Wang Xin , Zhu Tengyou
Published: October 2023

Let [Formula: see text] be a Hecke–Maass cusp form on [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] a primitive Dirichlet character of prime power conductor [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] prime. In this paper, we will prove the following subconvexity bound [Formula: see text] for any [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].
Infinite families of solutions for A3 + B3 = C3 + D3 and A4 + B4 + C4 + D4 + E4 = F4
Authors: Agarwal Archit , Garg Meghali
Published: October 2023

Ramanujan, in his lost notebook, gave an interesting identity, which generates infinite families of solutions to Euler’s Diophantine equation [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we produce a few infinite families of solutions to the aforementioned Diophantine equation as well as for the Diophantine equation [Formula: see text] in the spirit of Ramanujan.
Non-vanishing of theta components of Jacobi forms with level and an application
Authors: Anamby Pramath
Published: October 2023

We prove that a nonzero Jacobi form of level [Formula: see text] (an odd integer) and square-free index [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] has a nonzero theta component [Formula: see text] with either [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]. As an application, we prove that a nonzero Siegel cusp form [Formula: see text] of degree [Formula: see text] and an odd level [Formula: see text] in the Atkin–Lehner type newspace is determined by fundamental Fourier coefficients up to a divisor of [Formula: see text].