bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A STANDARDIZED BAIT TRAP FOR BLOWFLY STUDIES
Authors: Vogt W. G. , Havenstein D. E.
Published: April 2007

A trap is described for use in population studies on blowflies. It embodies devices for the exclusion of ants and other predators, a screen to prevent blowflies having access to the bait, where they may get drowned and become unsuitable for study, and a screen to exclude large‐bodied flies, not needed for study but whose presence in the catches would greatly complicate sorting.
THE BIOLOGY AND PEST STATUS OF OXYCANUS FUSCOM ACULATUS WALKER (LEPIDOPTERA: HEPIALIDAE) IN TASMANIA
Authors: Hardy R. J.
Published: April 2007

Oxycanus fuscomaculatus, which has a life cycle of 2 years duration, inhabits south‐eastern Australia including Tasmania, and the south‐west comer of Western Australia.

The adults emerge at night in late April and May particularly shortly after falls of rain. The females mate before flying and each lays about 1,800 eggs. It appears that in the field the eggs hatch in September or October. The larvae inhabit almost vertical tunnels in the soil and emerge at night to feed on the foliage of herbaceous plants, particularly grasses. Pupae are present from February to May. O. fuscomaculatus appears to have few insect parasites or predators in the pasture habitat.

Since 1949 the larvae have caused sporadic but widespread serious damage to improved pastures, particularly in the autumn, winter and early spring on King Island and on the north‐west coast of Tasmania. Outbreaks of O. fuscomuculutus and 2 other pasture inhabiting hepialids, Oncopera intricata and O. rufobrunnea, appear to have occurred independently of each other, in spite of the concurrence of these 3 species in many pastures.
EFFECT OF PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE ON THE ABSORPTION AND METABOLISM OF CHLORDIMEFORM BY LARVAE OF THE CATTLE TICK, BOOPHILUS MICROPLUS*
Authors: Knowles Charles O. , Schuntner Charles A.
Published: April 2007

Cattle tick larvae continuously exposed to 0.02%N′‐(4‐chloro‐o‐toryi)‐N, N‐dimethylformamkline (chlordimeform‐14C) in impregnated packets absorbed the acaricide and metabolized it to N′‐(4‐chloro‐o‐tolyl)‐N‐methylformamidine (demethylchlordimeform), 4′‐chloro‐o‐formotolutdide, 4‐chloro‐o‐toluidine, and an unidentified polar conjugate. Larval mortality was greatest between 24 and 48 h, and more than 85% of larvae were dead by 48 h. During this time interval (24 to 48 h) demethylchlordimeform, itself an acaricide, was the major metabolite.

Cattle tick larvae continuously exposed to 0.02% chlordimeform‐14C in the presence of 0.2% piperonyl butoxide absorbed less of the acaricide, metabolized comparatively little of it, and were all still alive at 48 h. Thus piperonyl butoxide blocked the metabolism of chlordimeform probably by inhibiting the mixed function oxidase system responsible for catalyzing the oxidative N‐dealkylation to demethylchlordimeform. The data are consistent with the view that demethylchlordimeform is the lethal toxicant in chlordimeform‐poisoned cattle tick larvae.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE DUNG BREEDING FLY, PARASARCOPHAGA KNABI PARKER
Authors: Woolcock L. T.
Published: April 2007

The dung breeding fly, Parasarcophaga knabi, occurs in the warmer, wetter parts of Australia. Mating is prolonged, and the females are ovoviviparous, the larvae being deposited on freshly dropped dung. The lifespan of females is more than 100 d at 27°C, during which they may produce up to 8 batches of up to 37 offspring. Prepupal larvae enter the soil to form puparia. The duration of immature development varies with temperature above 10°C, and lasts 20d at 27°C. Females kept under short day lengths (<12 h) deposit larvae, a proportion of which enter a pupal diapause.
STERILIZATION OF DACUS CUCUMIS FRENCH (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) BY GAMMA RADIATION
Authors: Hooper G. H. S.
Published: April 2007

The effect of gamma radiation administered to newly emerged adults of Dacus cucumis French on sterility and competitiveness was evaluated. A dose of 11 krad caused almost complete sterility in males while females given 6 krad were totally sterile, through infecundity. Sterilized males showed reduced competitiveness. In competitive mating tests a dose of 7 krad gave the lowest egg hatch and this hatch was significantly lower than that given by 9 and 11 krad. In a paired comparison mating test, 7 and 9 krad treated males mated significantly less frequently than untreated males, but the ability of 6 krad treated males was unimpaired.
FIELD COLLECTION AND LABORATORY MAINTENANCE OF MASTOTERMES DARWINIENSIS FROGGATT (ISOPTERA: MASTOTERMITIDAE) FOR BIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT STUDIES
Authors: Howick C. D. , Creffield J. W. , Lenz M.
Published: April 2007

Mastotermes darwiniesis Froggatt can cause extensive damage to wood and wood products in service. With increasing development of tropical Australia, where M. darwiniensis is abundant, the necessity for field collection, trasnportation and maintenance of the species in laboratory conditions has become more evident.

M. darwiniensis were collected from an infested fence post near Townsville and confined in boxes (150 × 150 × 40 mm) in a matrix of vermiculite and satwdst. Mortality was less than 20% after 50d (including 10d of transportation), even at concentrations of 70g (approax, 1600 individuals) per box. In jar olonies containing 10 g of pseudergates increased feeding and improved survival ocurred at 32 °C as opposed to 26 °C.

The formulation f a reproducible, standard laboratory bio‐assay technique is now possible.
THE DEVELOPMENT AND DISTRIBUTION OF DIELDRIN RESISTANCE IN BANANA WEEVIL BORER, COSMOPOLITES SORDIDUS GERMAR (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) IN NEW SOUTH WALES
Authors: Edge V. E. , Wright W. E. , Goodyer G. J.
Published: April 2007

Dieldrin has been used in New South Wales to control Cosmopolites sordidus, banana weevil borer, since 1956. In 1968 control failure was recorded in plantations near Mullumbimby and resistance was diagnosed. The distribution of resistance has been monitored since 1969 using a discriminating dose of 1 μl of 1% dieldrin in kerosene and resistant weevils were detected in 241 of the 548 samples tested. Resistance was widespread in the Brunswick River district by 1970 and is now widespread in the Tweed River district. Resistant weevils were also detected in a number of localities in the Richmond River district, but not in the important banana areas around Coffs Harbour and Nambucca.
INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN HELIOTHIS ARMIGERA (HÜBNER) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) IN THE NAMOI VALLEY OF NEW SOUTH WALES, AUSTRALIA
Authors: Goodyer G. J. , Wilson A. G. L. , Attia F. I. , Clift A. D.
Published: April 2007

Heliothis armigera damaged cotton in the Namoi Valley in summer‐autumn 1973. In laboratory studies larvae exhibited several hundredfold resistance to DDT, 15‐fold to DDT/chlorcam (1:2) mixture and 30‐fold to endrin compared with a susceptible strain from Bathurst. The Namoi Valley larvae were found to be 5 times less susceptible than Bathurst larvae to parathion methyl, a difference which may be no more than normal variation between non‐resistant strains. No resistance to insecticides was demonstrated in H. punctigera Wallengren from the Namoi Valley.
LIFE HISTORY AND BIOLOGY OF THE LEAF BAGWORM, HYALARCTA HUEBNERI (WESTWOOD) (LEPIDOPTERA: PSYCHIDAE)
Authors: Heather N. W.
Published: April 2007

The endemic Australian psychid Hyalarcta huebneri commonly damages Pinus radiata growing in forestry plantations, and attacks fruit trees, ornamental trees and shrubs. It occurs in subcoastal and coastal areas from north‐eastern Queensland to Western Australia, and a total of 41 host plants are recorded. It is normally univoltine with 6 larval instars; the final instar in the male does not feed. Field populations of larvae have been apportioned to instars on the basis of head size. The sex ratio approximated 2 males: 1 female. The life history stages are described, the larval heads being treated in more detail.
MARKING OF ADULT CULICOIDES BREVITARSIS KIEFFER (DIPTERA: CERATOPOGONIDAE)
Authors: Campbell M. M. , Kettle D. S.
Published: April 2007

Of 23 dyes fed once to adults of both sexes of Culicoides brevitarsis in 10% sucrose solutions, 5 were readily ingested, caused minimal mortality, persisted without colour change for 8 days, and included the colours red, (eosin, acid fuchsin, food colour red), yellow (food colour yellow) and green (light green). A blue (food colour blue) and an orange dye (orange G) were as readily ingested but their colour was less persistent. All 8 dyes were clearly visible in the crops of live but immobilised males and females and hence were ideal for marking. The various dyes that produced red marks could not be distinguished. Methylene blue gave good marking but only for a maximum of 2d and hence would be suitable where a short term, transitory mark was required.
A SIXTH SPECIES OF STENASPIDIUS WESTWOOD WITH A NOTE ON ADULT BEHAVIOUR (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE: GEOTRUPINAE)*
Authors: Howden H. F.
Published: April 2007

Stenaspidius allsoppi sp.n. is described from southern Queensland and a note is included on the day‐flying habits of the genus.
THE AUSTRALIAN GENUS TYMPANOPHORA WHITE (ORTHOPTERA: TETTIGONIIDAE: TYMPANOPHORINAE)
Authors: RIEK E. F.
Published: April 2007

Tettigoniid grasshoppers of the genus Tympanophora inhabit the open heaths of temperate coastal Australia. The 7 known species, pellucida White, uvarovi Zeuner, insolita sp. n., splendida sp. n., similis sp. n., picta sp. n. and diminuta sp. n., are described and illustrated, and a key presented for their separation. The subfamily Tympanophorinae is redefined.
REDUCTION IN SEXUAL RESPONSIVENESS OF MALE LIGHT‐BROWN APPLE MOTH FOLLOWING PREVIOUS BRIEF PHEROMONAL EXPOSURE IS CONCENTRATION DEPENDENT
Authors: BARTELL R. J. , LAWRENCE L. A.
Published: April 2007

The degree of reduction in sex pheromone mediated responsiveness of male light‐brown apple moth which is brought about by previous brief exposure to the pheromone is related to the concentration of that pre‐exposure, and hence to the level of excitatory sensory input generated by it.
THE IMMATURE STAGES OF SOME AUSTRALIAN CULICOIDES LATREILLE (DIPTERA: CERATOPOGONIDAE)
Authors: KETTLE D. S. , ELSON M. M.
Published: April 2007

Descriptions are given of the third and fourth instar larvae and pupae of nine species of Australian Culicoides (C. angularis Lee and Reye, C. austropalpalis Lee and Reye, C. brevitarsis Kieffer, C. marksi Lee and Reye, C. marmoratus (Skuse), C. molestus (Skuse), C. narrabeenensis Lee and Reye (larval descriptions incomplete), C. subimmaculatus Lee and Reye and C. victoriae Macfie). Additional information is given on the larval setae of four other species of Culicoidini—C. gladysae Kettle, Elson and Dyce, C. interrogatus Lee and Reye, C. belkini Wirth and Arnaud and Paradasyhelea minuta Wirth and Lee. Keys are provided for fourth instar larvae and pupae of all 13 species.
NOTES ON THE ECOLOGY OF AN AUSTRALIAN DESERT SPECIES OF CALOM YRMEX (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE)
Authors: BROUGH ELAINE J.
Published: April 2007

The ecology of a formicine desert ant, Calomyrmex, was studied in an arid region of southern N.S.W. The patterns of foraging activity are noted and the nest structure is described. A nearest neighbour analysis of nest distribution found the nests to be strongly aggregated into groups. ***Óbservations of fighting behaviour demonstrated that certain groups of nests were compatible, suggesting that colonies are integrated as a social unit.

The mandibular gland secretion released by disturbed foragers and guard ants was deep orange in colour while that released by workers tending young within the nest, was often white or yellow.
NOTES ON THE NESTS AND PREY OF FOUR AUSTRALIAN SPECIES OFTACHYSPHEXKOHL, WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES (HYMENOPTERA: SPHECIDAE)
Authors: EVANS HOWARD E. , MATTHEWS ROBERT W. , PULAWSKI WOJCIECH
Published: April 2007

Data on nests and prey are presented for four species of AustralianTachysphex: depressiventrisTurner,mackayensisTurner,pilosulusTurner andmultifasciatusPulawski.T. multifasciatus(from Queensland and the Northern Territory) is described as new. The first two of these species attack cockroaches, the second two mantids. A discussion of structural features associated with predation on these insects is included. The nests are simple burrows in the ground terminating in one or two cells.
THE SYNONYMY OF ISCHNURA HETEROSTICTA (BURMEISTER) AND ISCHNURA TORRESIANA TILLYARD (ODONATA: COENAGRIONIDAE)
Authors: Watson J. A. L.
Published: April 2007

The synonymy of Ischnura heterosticta (Burmeister) and I. torresiana Tillyard is demonstrated.
BOOK REVIEW
Authors: HARLEY K. L. S.
Published: April 2007

A Review of Biological Control in Western and Southern Europe: D. J. Greathead (Editor). Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Slough, England. 1976. Pp. 182.
A NEW AUSTRALIAN MITE, ARCHAEOPODELLA SCOPULIFERA GEN. ET SP. N. (GAMASIDA: LIROASPIDAE)*
Authors: Athias‐Henriot C.
Published: April 2007

The new genus Archaeopodella (monotypic for A. scopulifera sp. n.) is known only from nymphs collected on Rattus fuscipes (Waterhouse) (Muridae) in Victoria and New South Wales. It is intermediate between Asternolaelaps Berlese and Liroaspis Banks. Thus the suppression of the family Ichthyostomatogasteridae Sellnick (= Uropodellidae Camin) and the transfer of Asternolaelaps and Uropodella Camin to the Liroaspidae Trägårdh are proposed. A diagnosis of the new genus is given. The gnathosoma resembles that of Asternolaelaps, and the pattern of dorsal desclerotisation that of Liroaspis. The presence on the idiosoma of a posteromarginal row of modified, stout, cylindrical and truncate hairs is characteristic. The chaetotaxy of the legs is remarkable in its primitive and unstable composition. The type‐species is described and figured in the deuto‐ and protonymphal stages. Compared to the deutonymph, the protonymph shows at once characters that are more primitive, as well as those that are more evolved (more regressive), a combination resulting from ontophylogenetic retardations.
NOTES ON THE DROSOPHILIDAE (DIPTERA) OF TOWNSVILLE, QUEENSLAND, INCLUDING FOUR NEW AUSTRALIAN SPECIES RECORDS
Authors: Bock Ian R.
Published: April 2007

In an investigation of the urban drosophilid fauna of Townsville, Queensland, 18 species were collected, 16 of them at household refuse heaps effectively acting as baits. Four of the baited species (Drosophila bipectinata Duda, D. kikkawai Burla,.1). sp. ef. jambulina Parshad and Paika, Sphaerogastrella javana (de Meijere)) are new records for Australia. The Townsville fauna is to some extent similar in species composition to that of the north Queensland rain forests, although some species abundant in Townsville are considerably rarer in the undisturbed natural forests and, conversely, a few of the most common forest species were not detected in the city. The Townsville urban drosophilid fauna differs substantially from that of southern Australia.
THE LIFE HISTORY AND POLYMORPHIC FEMALE OF PHILIRIS MOIRA MOIRA (GROSE‐SMITH) (LEPIDOPTERA: LYCAENIDAE) FROM PAPUA NEW GUINEA
Authors: Forbes Graham R.
Published: April 2007

Rearing experiments with P. m. moira place the adult female with the male. Life history stages and three adult female polymorphs are described and figured.
BOOK REVIEW
Authors: Day M. F.
Published: April 2007

Atlas of Insects Harmful to Forest Trees. Volume 1: V. Novák. Illustrations by F. Hrozinka and B. Stary. Elsevier, Amsterdam. 1976. Pp. 125, 115 color plates.
SIX NEW SPECIES OF ONTHOPHAGUS LATREILLE (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE) FROM AUSTRALIA
Authors: Storey R. I.
Published: April 2007

Six new species of Onthophagus are described from Queensland and Northern Territory: O. kiambram, O. yarrumba, O. kora, O. punthari, O. terrara and O. wanappe. All six species are related to the Australian O. rubescens Macleay, and a key is given to separate the 14 species in that group.
BOOK REVIEW
Authors: Moore B. P.
Published: April 2007

New Zealand Insect Pests: D. N. Ferro (Editor). Lincoln University College of Agriculture, New Zealand. 1976. Pp. 311. Price NZ $15.00 (including postage).
THE EFFECTS OF DAMAGE BY THE GREEN VEGETABLE BUG, NEZARA VIRIDULA (L.) ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF SOYBEANS
Authors: Miller L. A. , Rose H. A. , McDonald F. J. D.
Published: April 2007

The green vegetable bug, Nezara viridula (L.) is a pest of soybeans in New South Wales. Investigations were carried out to determine the effects of time and level of infestation, and bug instar on soybean seed yield and quality. Adults were found to cause more damage than nymphs. There was no difference in the degree of damage caused by male and female adults, however, fourth instar nymphs caused more damage than second instars. Early infestations caused more damage than late infestations. The highest infestation level tested of two bugs per metre late in the season did not produce economic damage.
THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF A COSSID LARVAL SECRETION (LEPIDOPTERA)
Authors: Brown W. V. , Moore B. P.
Published: April 2007

The prepupation larval secretion of the cossid moth Xyleutes boisduvali Rothschild is composed largely of a series of 3‐hydroxy unsaturated fatty acids, several of which have been identified.
THE HESPERILLA MALINDEVA GROUP FROM NORTHERN AUSTRALIA, INCLUDING A NEW SPECIES (LEPIDOPTERA: HESPERIIDAE)
Authors: Atkins Andrew
Published: April 2007

A distinct group of skippers, mainly from northern Australia, including Hesperilla malindeva Lower, H. sexguttata Herrich‐Schäffer and H. furva Sands and Kerr, is revised. The morphology of the adults and immature stages, and the larval biology, show that Telesto crypsigramma Meyrick and Lower, formerly referred to Toxidia Mabille, also belongs to this group. H. sarnia sp. n. is described and assigned to this group on the basis of wing venation and genitalic characters. Illustrated descriptions and a key to the species are given.
A NEW SPECIES OF HENICOPSALTRIA STÅL (HOMOPTERA: CICADIDAE) FROM NORTH QUEENSLAND
Authors: Moulds M. S.
Published: April 2007

Henicopsaltria rufivelum sp. n. is described from the Cairns district, north Queensland, and a key to the species of Henicopsaltria and distribution records for H. eydouxii Guérin‐Méneville) and H. kelsalli Distant are given.
BOOK REVIEW
Authors: Grant G. R. M.
Published: April 2007

Tuning in to Nature; Solar Energy, Infrared Radiation, and the Insect Communication System: Philip S. Callahan.
THE SCIENTIFIC NOMENCLATURE OF THE SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)
Authors: Carver Mary
Published: April 2007

On present evidence, the spotted alfalfa aphid is a recognisable segregate or biotype of Therioaphis trifolii (Monell) and should be known by this name or, more definitely as Therioaphis trifolii (Monell) f. maculata. The binomen Therioaphis maculata (Buckton) is not applicable.
A NEW GENUS OF EUPHORINAE (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE) FROM AUSTRALIA, WITH A DESCRIPTION OF THE FINAL INSTAR LARVA OF ONE SPECIES
Authors: Huddleston T. , Short J. R. T.
Published: April 2007

A new genus of Braconidae, Eadya, and its two included new species, E. paropsidis and E. falcata, are described, figured and keyed. The final instar larva of E. paropsidis is described and figured. The systematic position of Eadya within the Euphorinae is indicated.
IMMATURE STAGES OF CURCULIONIDAE (COLEOPTERA): SOME SPECIES IN THE GENUS PANTORHYTES FAUST (PACHYRHYNCHINI) FROM THE PAPUAN REGION AND PHYLOGENETIC IMPLICATIONS OF CERTAIN CHARACTERS*
Authors: May Brenda M.
Published: April 2007

Larvae and pupae of seven cacao weevils in Division A of the genus Pantorhytes are described and compared. Divergence between P. albopunctulatus Heller, P. biplagiatus (Guérin), P. horni Stibick, P. plutus Oberthür, P. proximus Faust, P. stanleyanus (White) and P. szentivanyi Marshall is minimal. Certain characters of the immature stages suggest that the phylogenetic position of Pantorhytes, and hence the tribe Pachyrhynchini, is parallel to that of Ectemnorhininae and that both groups are in advance of the bulk of Adelognatha (broad‐nosed weevils).
THE LARVAL HABITAT OF PODOPTERYX SELYSI (ODONATA: MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE)
Authors: Watson J. A. L. , Dyce A. L.
Published: April 2007

Larvae of P. selysi (Förster) were collected from water‐filled tree holes in rainforest in north Queensland, a habitat compatible with recorded observations on adult biology. The larvae resemble those of Argiolestes Selys.
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF SCALE INSECTS ON CITRUS IN SOUTHEASTERN QUEENSLAND. II CONTROL OF CIRCULAR BLACK SCALE CHRYSOMPHALUS FICUS ASHMEAD, BY THE INTRODUCED PARASITE, APHYTIS HOLOXANTHUS DE BACH
Authors: Smith D.
Published: April 2007

The introduced parasite, Aphytis holoxanthus De Bach, gave effective control of Chrysomphalus ficus Ashmead, in the absence of persistent chemical sprays during a detailed study in five blocks of oranges during 1975‐77. Scale infestations were reduced from 6.5 to less than 0.01 adult females per fruit within six to nine months of its establishment and were maintained at these levels for the remainder of the study. A twofold increase in scale numbers occurred where the parasite was suppressed on trees treated with DDT and a ten‐fold increase, where it was completely excluded by using gauze cages. A native parasite, Aphytis columbi (Girault), of lesser importance early in the study, declined in incidence after A. holoxanthus became established.

A. holoxanthus established readily in 50 commercial citrus orchards in south‐eastern Queensland in which it was released during 1976. It reduced scale infestations in all of these orchards to economically unimportant levels within six to nine months.
A SIMPLE PHOTOELECTRIC EVENT COUNTER FOR ENTOMOLOGICAL WORK AND ITS USE TO MONITOR BLOWFLY FLIGHT PARAMETERS
Authors: Webb P. D. , Rice M. J.
Published: April 2007

Readily available electronic components are used in a simple modification of an inexpensive pocket calculator. The instrument counts up to 107 events at a rate of up to 60 events per second. The key‐board and display make for convenient data handling and the counter is simply adapted for a wide range of purposes. Flight parameters of a sheep blowfly obtained with the counter exemplify the functioning of the instrument.
SEASONAL HISTORY, HOSTS AND NATURAL ENEMIES OF MONISTRIA DISCREPANS (WALKER) (ORTHOPTERA: PYRGOMORPHIDAE) IN SOUTH‐WEST QUEENSLAND
Authors: Allsopp P. G.
Published: April 2007

Monistria discrepans (Walker) in south‐west Queensland is an obligate univoltine species. A temperature controlled diapause of the eggs confines hatching of eggs laid in the March‐May period to early October. Nymphs develop throughout the summer resulting in a population entirely of adults by April. The presence of nymphs coincides with the greatest growth of the host plant Eremophila gilesii F. Muell. In the Charleville area of south‐west Queensland, feeding is restricted to Eremophila and Myoporum (both Myoporaceae) but species of other families of plants are utilized in eastern areas of Queensland. In laboratory tests, nymphs failed to develop on species of Gramineae, Compositae and Leguminosae.

Parasitism by the mites Leptus sp. and Podapolipus sp. nr. lahillei Naudo reached levels of 7.0% and 94.4% respectively during 1973–75. The non‐specific tachinid Ceracia fergusoni (Malloch) and sarcophagid Blaesoxipha pachytyli (Skuse) parasitised mainly adult females (up to 20.8% total parasitism) but also attacked final instar female nymphs and adult males. The hyperparasite Perilampus sp. nr. cairnsensis Girault was found in C. fergusoni larvae. The fungus, Aspergillus flavus Link, infected up to 40.9% of field‐collected adults but survival of infected individuals was high except after rain or in the high humidity of the laboratory. Although insectivorous birds are present in the area they exerted little control over the M. discrepans population.
A NEW GENUS OF MYOPSOCIDAE (PSOCOPTERA) FROM QUEENSLAND
Authors: Smithers C. N.
Published: April 2007

A new genus of Myopsocidae, Mouldsia, is described from Queensland, based on M. barbarae sp. n.; Phlotodes inocellata Smithers and Thornton from New Guinea is transferred to Mouldsia.
ABSENCE OF LARVAL FAT BODY IN THE BUFFALO FLY, HAEMATOBIA IRRITANS EXIGUA (DIPTERA: MUSC1DAE)
Authors: FERRAR P.
Published: April 2007

Larval fat body persists, as spherical particles, in most Diptera at the time of adult emergence. The present study and reports in the literature indicate its presence in 25 species of muscoid flies but not in the buffalo fly. the horn fly. or tsetse.

In an investigation involving the dissection of female buffalo flies. Haematobia irritans e.xigua de Meijere. for age determination based on the state of the ovaries, it was found that even newly‐emerged flies lacked the larval fat body characteristic of recently emerged specimens of other higher Diptera. This was taken as a possible indication of a special physiological feature in these economically important flies, and so further observations were made on the occurrence at adult emergence of larval fat body in other higher Diptera.

Larval fat body, described and illustrated (as “‘pupal fat body’”) by Anderson (1964). is quite different from adult fat body. It consists of a large number of tiny, solid spheres, usually somewhat opalescent, lying loose in the abdominal haemocoel in both sexes. Following eclosion, decreasing amounts may be found for several days in the body of the adult fly. Once it has disappeared, similar fat body is not found again during the lifetime of the fly.

The species known to have larval fat bodies persisting in the adult (Table) cover a wide taxonomic range in the Muscoidea. No remnants of the larval fat body are observed in the abdomen of newly‐emerged H. i. exigua, though there may be a variable amount of normal adult fat body. The closely related horn fly, H. irritans irritans (L.) likewise lacks larval fat body at eclosion (R. L. Harris pers. comm.), nor is there any mention of larval fat body in the literature on tsetsef (Glossina Wiedemann), and P. A. Langley (pers. comm.) has confirmed from his own experience that it is not found in adult flies of this genus.

Persistent larval fat body carries over various food reserves from larva to adult (Thomson 1975), and there is no clear indication as to why it should not persist in adult Haemalobia and Glossina. When found it occurs equally in both sexes, and its presence or absence is thus not likely to be connected with reproductive physiology. It is unlikely to be a reflection of any special features of larval nutrition, for although the Glossina larva is nourished entirely by the parent female, which has access to ample blood meals, the Haematobia larva lives in the dung of bovines. as do several other Muscidae in which larval fat bodies persist.
THE REPRODUCTIVE STATUS OF CHRYSOMYA SPECIES (DIPTERA: CALLIPHORIDAE) ATTRACTED TO LIVER‐BAITED BLOWFLY TRAPS IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA
Authors: Spradbery J. P.
Published: April 2007

The reproductive status of five species of Chrysomya caught in liver‐baited traps in Papua New Guinea was determined. The species trapped were the Old World screw‐worm fly, Chrysomya bezziana Villeneuve and the blowflies, C. megacephala (F.), C. saffranea (Bigot), C. rufifacies (Macquart) and C. varipes (Macquart). The results were compared with data obtained by other workers for the Australian sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann) and the American screw‐worm fly, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel).

Of the total Chrysomya catch, only 0.04% were C. bezziana. Of the 108 C. bezziana trapped only one was male, compared with 17‐26% males in the other species. This demonstrated that the male screw‐worm fly is relatively unresponsive to sources of protein. Nulliparous females accounted for 9% of the total C. bezziana catch, compared with 53‐76% for the blowfly species. This is related to the autogenous nature of the screw‐worm fly, which does not require protein during the first ovarian cycle. Gravid females accounted for 12% of the C. bezziana catch compared with 21 ‐50% in the other Chrysomya species, 14% in L. cuprina and 5% in C. hominivorax. Of the second ovarian cycle flies trapped, 98% of the C. bezziana were in the early stages of egg development compared with 43‐62% in the blowfly species and C. hominivorax.
DAILY OVIPOSITION ACTIVITY AND ITS ADAPTIVE SIGNIFICANCE IN THE SCREW‐WORM FLY, CHRYSOMYA BEZZIANA (DIPTERA: CALLIPHORIDAE)
Authors: SPRADBERY J. P.
Published: April 2007

The diel pattern of oviposition of field and laboratory populations of the Old World screw‐worm fly, Chrysomya bezziana Villeneuve, was studied. Most oviposition occurred within the two to three hours preceding dusk. Egg masses exposed to solar radiation suffered significant mortality after two hours, demonstrating a selective advantage in the timing of oviposition.
THE IMMATURE STAGES OF AUSTROASCA VIRIDIGRISEA (PAOLI) (HOMOPTERA: CIC ADEl LIDAE: TYPHLOCYBINAE)
Authors: PAGE F. D.
Published: April 2007

The immature stages of the common Australian cicadellid Austroasca viridigrisea (Paoli) are described and measured. The nymphal instars may be separated satisfactorily on the basis of anterior wing pad length. Growth between instars is geometric.
COMPARATIVE WING MORPHOMETRICS OF SOME CALYPTRATE DIPTERA
Authors: BROWN K. R.
Published: April 2007

Canonical variate analysis and the generalized distance D2 statistic are useful ways of analyzing within and between variation in species. Little attempt has been made previously to quantify and assess the variation in calyptrate Diptera other than in descriptive terms. In this study, the variation was assessed for 11 species of muscoid Diptera and populations of the five calliphorid species were analyzed in greater detail. Nine morphometric characters of the wing were used. Most of the variance (93%) fell in the first three canonical variates for the species comparison, and emphasised shape attributes, although size was important. In particular, the position of vein R1, humeral vein h, and the discal cell suggested that the sarcophagid flies formed an intermediate group between the calliphorid and muscid flies examined. Size components were more important than shape components within species, and these differences between populations could not be related to a geographic cline.
ANTS (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE) IN MOUNDS OF AMITERMES LAURENSIS (ISOPTERA: TERMITIDAE)
Authors: Holt J. A. , Greenslade P. J. M.
Published: April 2007

Ants associated with mounds of the termite Amitermes laurensis were studied in the Townsville district, Queensland, during the wet season. More than 30 ant species are now known from mounds of A. laurensis with up to seven species in a single mound. The great majority of these ants are inquilines, simply using termite mounds as nest sites. At least in the wet season there is little to suggest that they play any significant part in the dynamics of established populations of this termite species. Instead, the most important factors to the termite seem to be intra‐specific competition and spatial variability of the habitat which affect mound density and colony growth and survival. Ants compete for mound space not taken up by A. laurensis and the species present and their abundance vary with mound size, the vigour of the termite colony and the presence or absence of competing ant species.
DEVELOPMENTAL AND REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF SPODOPTERA LITURA (F.) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)
Authors: ETMAN AHMED A. M. , HOOPER G. H. S.
Published: April 2007

On artificial medium Spodoptera litura (F.) adults developed from first instar larvae in 23.4 days at 28°C. Mean female longevity was 8.3 days and mean fecundity was 2673 eggs. Mean male longevity was 10.4 days. No mating took place on the night of emergence and maximum mating response occurred during the second night after emergence. The mean number of matings per male was 10.3 and per female was 3.1. Males transferred a mean of 1,052,640 sperm per mating and eupyrene and apyrene sperm were present in approximately equal amounts. Both sperm types persisted in the utriculus of the spermatheca throughout the life of the female but no sperm were ever found in the lagena. The morphology of the male and female reproductive systems is described.
EVIDENCE FOR PRE‐EMERGENCE MATING AMONG MATURE PROGENY OF IPS GRANDICOLLIS (EICHHOFF)
Authors: Witanachchi* Jayanthi P.
Published: April 2007

Adults of Ips grandicollis caught on ipsenol‐baited traps, as well as emergents from logs collected from natural infestations, included a high percentage of mated females. However only eight per cent of the laboratory reared mature progeny had mated. The study indicated that the adults mate only under bark. Bark sandwich rearings provided strong evidence for pre‐emergence mating, the incidence of which increased with the time the mature progeny stayed under bark. Sister‐brother matings resulted in progeny. Both mated and virgin females were accepted into nuptial chambers by the resident males.
TASMANIAN DIPSOCOROIDEA (HEMIPTERA: HETEROPTERA)
Authors: Hill Lionel
Published: April 2007

Pateena, a new genus of Schizopleridae (Hypselosomatinae), is described for two new species. P. elimata (type‐species) and P. polymitarior, which are described and figured. The male and nymphs of Hypselosoma hick mani Wygodzinsky are described for the first time and the female redescribed. The iemalc genitalia Ceratocombus australiensis Gross (Ceratocombidae) are described for the first lime. Mouthparts of the preceding species are described and figured. Notes are given on Glyptocombus saltator Heidemann (Hypselosomatinae) and on an undescribed species, probably of Glyplocombus Heidemann. from the United States. The Hypselosomatinae are redefined. A key to the Australian genera of Schizopteridae is presented. Notes are given on the distribution of the Tasmanian Dipsocoroidea.
APOCORDULJA MACROPS, A NEW CREPUSCULAR GOMPHOMACROMHNE DRAGONFLY FROM SOUTH‐EASTERN AUSTRALIA (ODONATA: CORDULHDAE)
Authors: Watson J. A. L.
Published: April 2007

A new genus and species of gomphomacromiine corduliid dragonfly, Apoiordulia macrops, are described from larvae collected in the Kiewa River in northern Victoria, and reared to adults in the laboratory. The adults are thick‐set. like libellulids, and are crepuscular.
SEASONAL ABUNDANCE OF THE GRAPE VINE MOTH, PHALAENOIDES GLYCINE LEXVIN (LEPIDOPTERA: AGARISTIDAE) AND DISTRIBUTION OF EGGS AND LARVAE IN A VINEYARD
Authors: Cordingley Charlma L.
Published: April 2007

Seasonal abundance of Phalaenoides glycine was studied in the field over three years. Numbers in the first generation were generally very low compared with those of the second generation. Defoliation by larvae was patchy. Data on the distribution of eggs and larvae in both first and second generations were fitted to Poisson and negative binomial distributions. Morisita's Index was used to measure the dispersion.
EFFECT OF SEASON AND SAMPLING METHOD ON CULICOIDES (DIPTERA: CERATOPOGONIDAE) SPECIES CAUGHT AT TWO ESTUARINE SITES IN SOUTHEAST QUEENSLAND
Authors: Edwards Penelope B.
Published: April 2007

Culicoides populations were sampled at two tidal stream localities near Brisbane (Tingalpa Creek and Boggy Creek), using light traps, a truck trap and human bait. Twenty‐three species of Culicoides were collected during two and a half years of field work.

Species composition was comparable at both sites, with C. subimmaculatus Lee and Reye being the most abundant species. At Tingalpa Creek C. subimmaculatus formed 63% of light trap catches, 4% of truck trap catches and 99.7% of human bait catches. C. brevitarsis Kieffer (35%) and C. marmoratus (Skuse) (32%) predominated in truck trap collections.

Females of all species were more abundant than males in light trap samples and in all but three of the more common species caught by the truck trap. All specimens collected from human bait were female. Seasonal variation in relative abundance of species was observed in light and truck trap samples.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE BIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOUR OF PARACERATITELLA EURYCEPHALA (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) IN NORTHERN AUSTRALIA
Authors: Fitt Gary P.
Published: April 2007

Paraceralitella eurycephala Hardy was found to infest the developing buds of Capparis umbonata Lindl. (Capparidaceae) in the Northern Territory. Larvae appeared to feed on the immature anthers within the bud. This is in contrast to the mistletoe‐infesting habits of species from closely related genera.

Behavioural observations in the laboratory indicated that this species uses an oviposition‐deterring pheromone to reduce the possibility of larval overcrowding in the relatively small host. Observations of mating behaviour showed that P. eurycephala did not utilise wing movements and posturing during courtship as in many other picture‐winged tephritids. Mating involved wing vibration, wing flicking and possible pheromone release by the male to attract receptive females.
ABLATION STUDIES RELATED TO THE LOCATION OF THE SEX PHEROMONE RECEPTORS OF THE QUEENSLAND FRUIT FLY, DACUS TRYONI(FROGGATT) (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE)
Authors: Giannakakis Areti , Fletcher* Brian S.
Published: April 2007

Experiments involving surgical removal, or chemical ablation of the sensilla, of various appendages including the antennae, maxillary palps, tip of the ovipositor and labellum, alone or in various combinations, indicated that in female Dacus tryoni the male sex pheromone receptors are not restricted to any single location.
SEASONAL OVIPOSITION PATTERNS OF CHRYSODEIXJS ARGENT1FERA (GUENÉE) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) ON FLUE‐CURED TOBACCO IN NORTH QUEENSLAND
Authors: Broadley R. H.
Published: April 2007

Twice weekly, non‐destructive sampling of Chrysodeixis argentijera eggs on flue‐cured tobacco plants was employed to study seasonal oviposition patterns in the Mareeba and Dimbulah districts of north Queensland during four seasons, 1971–72 to 1974–75. These patterns were synchronised in both districts. Major peaks of oviposition did not occur until mid‐October or early November. Early planting is therefore suggested as a method whereby damage by C. argentijera larvae might be minimised.
REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF THE GRAPE VINE MOTH, PHALAENOIDES GLYCINE LEWIN (LEPIDOPTERA: AGARISTIDAE)
Authors: Cordingley* Charlma L.
Published: April 2007

In Phalaenoides glycine, female moths are capable of laying approximately 1100 eggs. However, fecundity is affected by temperature, adult food and the size of the moth. The female reproductive tract is described and the fertility and reproductive states of moths in the field discussed. Oviposition behaviour, oviposition sites and factors that influence their choice are also discussed.
NEW SPECIES OF PHIURIS RÖBER (LEPIDOPTERA: LYCAENIDAE) FROM MAINLAND NEW GUINEA
Authors: Sands D. P. A.
Published: April 2007

Six new species of Philiris from mainland New Guinea (Papua New Guinea and Irian Jaya)–P. cadmica, P. scintillata, P. aquamarina, P. amethysla, P. maculata and P. biplaga–are described and illustrated. The last three are referred to the refusa species‐group and a key to the species in this group is presented.
A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF MEALYBUG ON CALLITRIS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA (HOMOPTERA: PSEUDOCOCCIDAE)
Authors: Brookes Helen M.
Published: April 2007

A multicoloured mealybug, Poecilococcus longilobus gen. et sp. n. found on Callitris (Cupressaceae), is described and illustrated. The affinities of the new genus are discussed.
AN EGG TRAP TO MONITOR OVIPOSITIONAL ACTIVITY OF THE POTATO MOTH PHTHORIMAEA OPERCULELLA (ZELLER) (LEPIDOPTERA: GELECHIIDAE)
Authors: Valencia Luis
Published: April 2007

The construction of an egg trap to monitor ovipositional activity of the potato moth in the field is described, and the data obtained with it are compared with data obtained from pheromone traps and with foliar larval assessments.
REVISION OF THE AUSTRALIAN SPECIES OFPHAENOGNATHAHOPE (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE: ACLOPINAE)
Authors: Allsopp P. G.
Published: April 2007

The Australian species ofPhaenognathaare revised and a key to species is given.P. jenaeandP. arrowispp. n. are described from the Northern Territory and northern Queensland, respectively. Six previously known species,P. erichsoniHope,P. tristisArrow,P. aequistriataArrow,P. angustaArrow,P. pusillaArrow andP. scutellataArrow, are redescribed with designations of lectotypes. The first known female specimen of the genus, ofP. jenae, is described.
A NEW SPECIES AND ADDITIONAL RECORDS OF LEUCOSPIS FABRICIUS (HYMENOPTERA: LEUCOSPIDAE) FROM AUSTRALIA
Authors: Naumann I. D.
Published: April 2007

Leucospis mackerrasi sp. n. is described from south‐eastern Australia. Taxonomic notes and new locality records are given for L. atriceps (Girault), L. morawitzi Schletterer, L. rieki Bouček, L. bioculata Bouček, L. australis Walker, L. giraulti Bouček and L. aruina Walker.
CONTRASTING RESOURCE UTILISATION IN TWO AUSTRALIAN SPECIES OF DROSOPHILA FALLEN (DIPTERA) FEEDING ON THE BRACKEN FERN PTERIDIUM SCOPOLI
Authors: Thomson J. A. , Jackson M. J. , Bock I. R.
Published: April 2007

Larvae of Drosophila (Scaptodrosophila) megagenys Bock feed on the circinate tips of young fronds of bracken fern, and prevent normal unfurling. D. megagenys is widely sympatric in south‐eastern Australia with D. notha Bock, previously reported as boring in the rachis of bracken fronds.
THE ANXIUS GROUP OF THE GENUS RHABDEPYRIS KIEFFER (HYMENOPTERA: BETHYLIDAE: EPYRINAE)
Authors: Evans Howard E.
Published: April 2007

The 8 known species of the anxius group of the genus Rhabdepyris are reviewed. This group is characterised by the reduction or virtual absence of the radius of the fore wing of the female. All 8 species are new: R. anxius (Australian Capital Territory), R. arenarius (New South Wales), R. abjectus (South Australia), R. aletris (Northern Territory), R. avidus, R. ablusus, R. asperulus and R. arcanellus (Western Australia).
RITUALISED FIGHTING IN THE MEAT ANT IRIDOMYRMEX PURPUREUS (SMITH) (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE)
Authors: Ettershank G. , Ettershank J. A.
Published: April 2007

Workers of the meat ant establish territorial boundaries with adjoining colonies by prolonged confrontations involving ritualised fighting. The stereotyped sequence of events in the ritual is described. It is suggested that steps in this sequence are derived from solicitation for food. The energetic and evolutionary significance of ritualised fighting is discussed.
THE IMMATURE STAGES OF SOME AUSTRALIAN TANYPODINAE (DIPTERA), WITH SOME NOTES ON THE ADULTS
Authors: Roback Selwyn S.
Published: April 2007

The larvae and pupae of Coelopynia pruinosa Freeman, Macropelopia (Apsectrotanypus) maculosa (Freeman) and Ablabesmyia notabilis (Skuse) are described. The pupae of Procladius australiensis? Kieffer, 3 other possible Procladius Skuse species and Paramerina levidensis (Skuse), and the possible larva of P. australiensis?, are also described. Additional descriptive notes and figures on the adults of the above species are offered. A new tribe of Tanypodinae, Coelopyniini, is proposed for Coelopynia pruinosa. The Australian species of Procladius [including the type‐species, P. paludicola (Skuse)] appear to be subgenerically distinct from the subgenus Procladius as presently used in Europe and North America.
DETECTION OF CYHEXATIN RESISTANCE IN TWOSPOTTED MITE, TETRANYCHUS URTICAE KOCH (ACARINA: TETRANYCHIDAE) IN AUSTRALIA
Authors: Edge V. E. , James D. G.
Published: April 2007

Two laboratory cultures of Tetranychus urticae were established with material collected from 3 apple orchards at Shepparton, Victoria and from one orchard near Griffith, N.S.W. Cyhexatin was tested against females of each strain and a susceptible reference strain, using a Potter spray tower. Both strains were 7.5X resistant to cyhexatin at the LC50 level compared with the susceptible strain.
METHODS FOR HARVESTING LARGE NUMBERS OF DUNG BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE)
Authors: Houston W. W. K. , Feehan J. E. , Runko S.
Published: April 2007

Methods used to harvest large numbers of dung beetles for redistribution in a biological control program are described. Beetles were extracted from naturally dropped cow dung or from dung bait pads using one or a combination of 3 methods: (1) flotation on water; (2) an extractor, where the beetles flew towards the light end of a darkened chamber and fell through funnels into a container; (3) beetles burrowed down through the dung into a container of sand from which they were sieved. The beetles were stored in moist peat in ventilated containers until released.
ON THE OCCURRENCE OF AROLIA IN ANT FEET
Authors: Freeland J. , Crozier R. H. , Marc J.
Published: April 2007

Female ants of the genus Rhytidoponera Mayr lack pretarsal arolia, but their brothers possess arolia. A brief survey indicates that arolia are universally present in ants outside the subfamilies Ponerinae and Leptanillinae. Some ponerine groups possess arolia, while others do not. We briefly discuss the evolutionary functional, behavioural and systematic implications of these findings.
DISPERSAL OF POST‐FEEDING LARVAE OF LUCILIA CUPRINA (WIEDEMANN) (DIPTERA: CALLIPHORIDAE)
Authors: Vogt W. G. , Woodburn T. L.
Published: April 2007

Both carrion and live sheep were used as hosts for Lucilia cuprina and the post‐feeding larvae permitted to disperse freely. The majority of the larvae entered the soil in the immediate vicinity of the host; median dispersal distances ranged from 0.8 m to 1.6 m. The type of host that the larvae fed upon appeared to have no bearing on subsequent dispersal of the post‐feeding larvae.
SPIRACULAR STRUCTURE OF ADULT FEMALES OF APIOMORPHA RÜBSAAMEN (HEMIPTERA: COCCOIDEA: ERIOCOCCIDAE)
Authors: Gullan P. J.
Published: April 2007

The spiracles of adult females of Apiomorpha are described and classified into 4 basic types. The atrial orifice of the spiracles is guarded typically by lips in the form of 3 simple, valve‐like plates (typical trilabiate type), but these plates may be moderately to elaborately developed (fimbriate trilabiate type) or greatly reduced (synlabiate type). In A. hilli Froggatt no atrium or lips are present, and the tracheal apertures open onto a honeycomb‐like plate (reticulate type). Both pairs of spiracles (mesothoracic and metathoracic) have a similar structure in each species.

In Apiomorpha there is a relationship between spiracular structure and the intrageneric groupings of the species: species considered to be closely related based on other characters generally have spiracles of similar form.
THE OCCURRENCE IN AUSTRALIA OF PRORHINOTERMES INOPINATUS SILVESTRI (ISOPTERA: RHINOTERMITIDAE)
Authors: Gay F. J. , Barrett R. A.
Published: April 2007

The presence in mainland Australia of Prorhinotermes inopinatus has been established for 2 localities on the eastern and western sides of Cape York Peninsula. These specimens are compared with material from the southwest Pacific region, and some information is given on the biology of this species.
BEETLES ON THE BOTTLE: MALE BUPRESTIDS MISTAKE STUBBIES FOR FEMALES (COLEOPTERA)
Authors: Gwynne D. T. , Rentz D. C. F.
Published: April 2007

Male Julodimorpha bakewelli White were observed attempting to copulate with beer bottles. Colour and reflection of tubercles on the bottle glass are suggested as causes for attraction and release of sexual behaviour.
THE MAINTENANCE OF BODY TEMPERATURE IN ADULT AUSTRALIAN PLAGUE LOCUSTS
Authors: Hunter D. M.
Published: April 2007

Adults of the Australian plague locust, Chortoicetes terminifera (Walker) were found to maintain a high and nearly constant body temperature on sunny days; as a result, the duration of the growth period was relatively constant over a wide range of mean ambient temperatures. Flight occurred only when basking or roosting was not required for temperature maintenance.
THE GENUS VERCAMMENIA AUDY AND NADCHATRAMIN AUSTRALIAN FROGS (ACARI: TROMBICULIDAE)
Authors: Domrow R. , Loomist R. B. , Lester L. N.
Published: April 2007

V. zweifelorum sp. n. is figured and described from Cophixalus neglectus Zweifel and Sphenophryne robusta (Fry) (Salientia: Microhylidae), and Taudactylus acutirostris (Andersson) (Myobatrachidae). V. gloriosa Domrow is newly recorded from T. eungellensis Liem and Hosmer. Both species of chiggers are restricted to the rainforests of eastern Queensland.