bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Postmortem lung and heart examination of COVID-19 patients in a case series from Jordan
Authors: Abdaljaleel Maram , Tawalbeh Isra , Sallam Malik , Hani Amjad Bani , Al-Abdallat Imad M. , Omari Baheth Al , Al-Mustafa Sahar , Abder-Rahman Hasan , Abbas Adnan Said , Zureigat Mahmoud , Al-Abbadi Mousa A.
Published: March 2023

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a pandemic for more than 2 years. Autopsy examination is an invaluable tool to understand the pathogenesis of emerging infections and their consequent mortalities. The aim of the current study was to present the lung and heart pathological findings of COVID-19–positive autopsies performed in Jordan. Methods: The study involved medicolegal cases, where the cause of death was unclear and autopsy examination was mandated by law. We included the clinical and pathologic findings of routine gross and microscopic examination of cases that were positive for COVID-19 at time of death. Testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was confirmed through molecular detection by real-time polymerase chain reaction, serologic testing for IgM and electron microscope examination of lung samples. Results: Seventeen autopsies were included, with male predominance (76.5%), Jordanians (70.6%), and 50 years as the mean age at time of death. Nine out of 16 cases (56.3%) had co-morbidities, with one case lacking such data. Histologic examination of lung tissue revealed diffuse alveolar damage in 13/17 cases (76.5%), and pulmonary microthrombi in 8/17 cases (47.1%). Microscopic cardiac findings were scarcely detected. Two patients died as a direct result of acute cardiac disease with limited pulmonary findings. Conclusions: The detection of SARS-CoV-2 in postmortem examination can be an incidental or contributory finding which highlights the value of autopsy examination to determine the exact cause of death in controversial cases.
Unusual biclonal IgA plasma cell myeloma with aberrant expression of high-risk immunophenotypes: first report of a new diagnostic and clinical challenge
Authors: Monroig-Rivera Carlos A. , Cruz Clara N. Finch
Published: March 2023

IgA plasma cell myeloma (PCM) has been linked to molecular abnormalities that confer a higher risk for adverse patient outcomes. However, since IgA PCM only accounts for approximately 20% of all PCM, there are very few reports on high-risk IgA PCM. Moreover, no such reports are found on the more infrequent biclonal IgA PCM. Hence, we present a 65-year-old Puerto Rican female with acute abdominal pain, concomitant hypercalcemia, and acute renal failure. Protein electrophoresis with immunofixation found high IgA levels and detected a biclonal IgA gammopathy with kappa specificity. Histomorphologically, bone marrow showed numerous abnormal plasma cells (32%) replacing over 50% of the marrow stroma. Immunophenotyping analysis detected CD45-negative plasma cells aberrantly expressing CD33, CD43, OCT-2, and c-MYC. Chromosomal analysis revealed multiple abnormalities including the gain of chromosome 1q. Thus, we report on an unusual biclonal IgA PCM and the importance of timely diagnosing aggressive plasma cell neoplasms.
Molecular Prevalence of Microsporidia Infection in Patients with Lung Cancer
Authors: Ulusan Bagci Ozlem , Muftuoglu Can , Guldaval Filiz , Serce Unat Damla , Mert Ufuk , Polat Gulru , Toz Seray Ozensoy , Moon Myeong Hee , Caner Ayse
Published: March 2023

Infections are still among the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with lung cancer, which has the highest rate of cancer-related deaths in the world. Microsporidia, which are opportunistic parasitic fungi, primarily localize to the intestine by ingestion but can disseminate to the respiratory tract or can be acquired by spore inhalation. Cancer patients are at higher risk for microsporidia, a life-threatening infection, than the normal population is. We aimed to characterize the prevalence of microsporidia infection for the first time by evaluating the intestinal and respiratory tracts of patients with lung cancer. In this study, we investigated 98 patients with lung cancer and 103 healthy individuals for microsporidia infection and evaluated the clinical findings of patients who were found to be positive. Sputum and stool samples were tested by microscopic examination, in addition to pan-microsporidia and genus-specific polymerase chain reactions. Nine patients with lung cancer had positive results for microsporidia (9.2%), which was significantly higher than the rate in healthy individuals (P = 0.008), and most of them had clinical findings. Among these positive patients, polymerase chain reaction revealed microsporidia in the sputum samples of seven patients, the stool sample of one patient, and both the sputum and stool samples of one patient. Encephalitozoon cuniculi was identified as the predominant pathogen in 87.5% (7/8) of positive sputum samples. Microsporidia infection was significantly associated with advanced stages of cancer. However, in the control group, Encephalitozoon intestinalis was detected in the stool sample of an individual without clinical symptoms. Microsporidia, especially E. cuniculi, should be considered as a cause of respiratory tract infection as well as intestinal infection in cancer patients and should be screened in respiratory samples of these patients when they have pulmonary symptoms.
Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in Dentistry: Survey among Dental Surgeons in Porto Alegre, Brazil, and the Metropolitan Region
Authors: Sinhorelli Bethina S. , Oliveira Sílvia D.
Published: March 2023

The irrational use of antimicrobial drugs has become a serious epidemiological problem due to the development of bacterial resistance, causing consequences for global health. In dentistry, antibiotics are the second most common pharmacological class prescribed. Thus, we evaluated the use of antimicrobial prophylaxis by dentists in Porto Alegre, Brazil, and the metropolitan region using an online questionnaire. Dentists were asked to complete an anonymous questionnaire concerning antimicrobial prescription. The questionnaire was prepared on the Microsoft Forms platform and shared with dentists through social media and was available for a period of 40 days. The questionnaire was answered by 82 dentists, and 85.3% of them reported prescribing antibiotic prophylaxis (AP). Many different protocols were observed, but the majority of dentists prescribe amoxicillin (2 g) 1 hour before a procedure. The greatest diversity was found in the prescriptions for post-procedure prophylaxis, but most professionals prescribe 500 mg of antibiotics every 8 hours for 7 days. An overwhelming 91.5% of participants think that guidelines for prescribing antibiotics in dentistry are necessary, and 62.2% believe that the use of AP can have some impact on bacterial resistance. There is a wide range of different prescriptions for antimicrobials, suggesting a need for better aligned guidelines and education of professionals on the proper use of antimicrobials and its consequences on bacterial resistance to antibiotics.
A Study on Death Education in Preparation for Old Age Grief and Death from the Perspective of Thanatology (The Study of Death and Dying)
Authors: Kim Jae Kyung
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this study is to suggest death education in preparation for grief and death in old age from the perspective of Thanatology (the study of death and dying). In our rapidly aging society, the increase in the number and proportion of the elderly population means that the end of life that the elderly population will soon face, that is, the preparation for death, is urgently needed. The need for education to prepare the elderly for grief and death of the is increasing. A research problem was set. 1) How do participants perceive grief and death in old age? 2) What changes did the participants who received death education prepare for grief and death in old age experience in terms of cognitive and emotional aspects? 3) How do participants who received death education to prepare for grief and death? in old age perceive grief and death?For this study, in-depth interviews were conducted to find out the perceptions of the participants, to observe them both before and after death education. The participants were two people, a 78-year-old man and an 81-year-old woman, and the necessity of death education was suggested by analyzing the cases of the two people through the experiment. When asked what good things and hard things happened in their lives and what they thought of their lives, the two participants answered that they were anxious, regretful, and lamented over some things before death. Through interactive education using the Hoy model, cognitive understanding and emotional attitude changes were observed. Cognitive and emotional changes were clear, while a better understanding of the topic led to positive attitudinal changes. The in-depth interview question was the same: “What good and bad things happened in your life, how do you view your life?” The answer was to look at oneself positively and acknowledge oneself by reconstructing the past rather than regretting it. In addition, the subject changed from denying and despairing of about the given reality and gave an answer reflecting an attitude of acceptance of reality as it is.As a result of the study, after education, the feelings of grief were alleviated and the participants began to see themselves and their environment from a new perspective. In addition, they let go of guilt and became more aware of themselves, their cognitive and emotional attitudes changed to positive ones, and they began to show an attitude of accepting reality. In conclusion, it is suggested that such interactive education is necessary to relieve the grief and despair of the elderly and for the establishment of a social support system, as well as personal support, considering the psychological and emotional situation of the elderly.
Analyzing Differences in Perceptions between Professors and Students and Educational Needs for Competency-Based Liberal Arts Course
－Focusing on A College
Authors: Seo Ilbo
Published: March 2023

As a result of developing questions to investigate the difference in the perceptions and educational needs of professors and students concerning the competency-based liberal arts curriculum, and through conducting a corresponding survey, 33 professors and 502 enrolled students responded for two weeks in November of 2022. The analysis method utilized the Borich Demand Formula and the Locus for Focus Model. First, as a result of examining the difference in perceptions between professors and students about liberal arts education in A college, the survey found that students had a positive perception of the liberal arts curriculum compared to professors regarding all of the questions. Both professors and students were highly aware of the ‘relevance of liberal arts education level’ while the items showing statistically significant differences were the questions dealing with the ‘adequacy of the number of subjects opened’ and the ‘help to grow as professionals’. Second, as a result of analyzing the educational needs of our university's liberal arts curriculum using the Borich Formula and the Locus for Focus Model, the professors cited ‘lectures with teaching methods suitable for learning’, ‘sufficient communication with students’, and ‘diversity in liberal arts course selection’. Student ‘B’ determined that ‘lecture progress with a teaching method suitable for the learning content’ was their top priority when it came to improvement. Based on these results, to operate a better liberal arts curriculum, we need to seek ways to expand the range of choices for liberal arts education. Furthermore, we need to derive important basic vocational skills according to majors during the reorganization of liberal arts education at universities. This means that liberal arts education needs to reflect these changes in both its design and operational aspects. However, due to the different enrollment periods and limited graduation credits allocated to each department, there are real limitations in designing a course that fully reflects these educational demands. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze in detail the students' needs in order to immediately meet their educational goals, and to establish a flexible curriculum that reflects their demands for non-subject programs.
An Observation Study on the Experience of University Students in Project Learning
Authors: Park Young-Ju , Park Jin-Hee
Published: March 2023

Social expectations for the development of sustainable core competencies of learners require innovative changes in teaching and learning methods in university education. Project learning enables proactive and cooperative learning so that meaningful learning can take place in preparation for real situations in which learners face unpredictable situations and those involving complex problems. This study focuses on these team project classes, analyzes the contextual behavioral aspects of actual learners during the learning process of team project classes conducted in universities, and examines their characteristics. As a result, the study confirmed that the process of discussion among students to define the purpose of the project activity is a learning process in itself. It is also serves as an extension of their perspective that goes beyond the scope of their experience through their interactions, rather than the application or utilization of learned knowledge. In addition, unlike the general expectation that cooperative interaction will be based on consensus, agreement, and active communication, the cooperative process of students discussing the subject and direction of the project outcome is conducted through tacit recognition of individual differences and agreement on these differences. Moreover, through actual experience, students reflected on the need to focus on the meaning that was missing due to common sense and conventional wisdom, and which goes beyond the logic of identity confined within the range of ordinary experience that was the basis of prediction. Through this, they were able to make progress in redefining the problem. Finally, the study confirmed that the instructor's feedback, which was implemented during the actual project activity process, can function as a tool and and as leverage in the process of the students' problem-solving abilities by supporting the problem-solving that occurred in real situations, unlike in general knowledge. It is expected that the results of this study will contribute to the vitalization of team project learning as basic research material to determine what kind of experiences are possible for actual learners in the team project learning process.
Instructors' Response to the Online/Offline Educational Environment after the COVID 19 Pandemic
Authors: Woo Chaeyoung , Kim Hyangsook
Published: March 2023

This study aimed to find out the reaction of instructors according to online and offline education in a situation where non-face-to-face classes were introduced in general universities due to COVID_19. For this study, a survey was conducted on professors at K University, and the results of the survey were used in the final analysis of 185 people. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS 28.0 program. The analysis results are as follows. First, in online education, the main teaching method of instructors were classes using non-real-time recorded videos, and the most advantageous aspect of online education perceived by instructors was the securing of free time. On the other hand, the greatest disadvantage perceived was the absence of immediate feedback from the students and the lack of interaction with them. In addition, media literacy perceived by instructors in online/offline teaching environments showed a positive correlation with online/offline teaching presence and instruction satisfaction. In particular, media literacy and online instruction satisfaction showed the highest positive correlation. Second, there was a statistically significant difference according to the instructor's personal characteristics in teaching presence and instruction satisfaction in the online/offline educational environment. In other words, in the online education environment, female instructors perceived learning promotion and instruction satisfaction to be higher than male instructors. Furthermore, when the major was taken into consideration, this study found that humanities and social science professors perceived learning promotion higher than natural engineering professors. In addition, instructors under the age of 40 perceived media literacy as higher than those over the age of 61. Third, there was a statistically significant difference in teaching presence and instruction satisfaction depending on the online/offline educational environment itself. Specifically, teaching presence and instruction satisfaction were perceived to be higher in the offline education environment than in the online education environment. These results suggest that support for educational programs to improve teaching methods, including media literacy for instructors, should be continuously provided, and differentiated educational programs according to age and major are needed.
Research Trend on the Writing Patterns of Multimedia Utilization
－Focusing on Korean Education
Authors: Lee Ran
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this study is to examine the patterns of writing with multimedia and to suggest an advanced direction for successful classes. To the end, this study took 22 academic studies through a purposeful sampling method and analysed each kind of medium used, as well as the subject’s learners interaction with the writing patterns utilized in Korean education. Most of all, it classified them according to the kinds of utilized media: genre media, vessel media and vessel media with genre media. As a result, it found that there were variety of genre media used, such as traditional folk songs, fairy tales, video materials, homepage profiles. The same was found to be true for vessel media, such as e-mails, Instagram, video-editors, smart-phones, and Zoom. In terms of interaction, individual writings with computer programs, communicative CMC-based writings with other users, and face-to-face cooperative writings with the teacher and other learners were shown as well. Also, it identified the writing activities for creating the identical or different genres with the previously utilized genre media, as well as the writings through letters after reading genre materials. Furthermore, a genre-based approach was applied to the teachings in which genre literacy education was operated in advance for creating each authentic media texts and the instruction of learners to write in the appropriate genre. This shows that the perspective on creation-based media education was reflected, and that the critical media literacy education deeply affects Korean teaching in foreign language education. Based on these findings, this study proposed some suggestions.
La libertad como no-pensable-de-antemano en Schelling y Heidegger
Authors: Rodriguez Juan José
Published: March 2023

En este trabajo presentamos las bases de una teoría disposicional de la libertad en Schelling hacia 1809 y 1810 movilizando el comentario de Heidegger de 1936 sobre el escrito de la libertad (2). Vemos la constitución de la libertad en Schelling como una fusión de las teorías idealistas de la libertad y del pensamiento de la naturaleza como vida, devenir y productividad (3). El pensamiento de Heidegger en relación con concepto de libertad en Schelling se pone en juego en los siguientes puntos (2). El primero refiere a la determinación de la libertad en general a través de la «esencia» de la libertad humana. Ambos autores establecen, en segundo término, el carácter paradójico de la libertad humana como indeterminación en la idea, y, al mismo tiempo, en tanto ente «siempre-ya-decidido». La escisión de la «esencia» de todo ente entre fundamento y existencia es ya un célebre locus de coincidencia entre el planteamiento ontológico de Schelling y Heidegger. La manera en que esta escisión se articula en lo que se refiere al concepto de determinación temporal, será objeto de nuestro análisis en los apartados 2 y 4.
Kant y la cooriginariedad de sensibilidad y entendimiento
Authors: Garcia Jose
Published: March 2023

La presente contribución atiende a la interpretación por parte de Heidegger de la dualidad planteada expresamente por Kant de facultades cognoscitivas y sus respectivos tipos específicos de representación. Intentará mostrar cómo su interpretación fenomenológica da cuenta de esta cooriginariedad de sensibilidad y entendimiento y puede incluso –en un sentido bien determinado– legitimarla. Para ello enfoca su interés en el posicionamiento crítico de Heidegger frente a la lectura neokantiana de este elemento doctrinal de la filosofía transcendental de Kant.
PATIENTS, HEALTH CARE SYSTEM AND AYURVEDA: A STUDY OF AYURVEDIC INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Mallick Dr. Sharmistha
Published: March 2023

The article takes into account views of patients pertaining to their decision to utilise Ayurveda over biomedicine. The focus of this paper is to see for which health conditions patients who come for ayurvedic treatment, the factors behind choosing Ayurveda, their satisfaction with the treatment. It aims to deal with issues such as background of the patients, their disease conditions, the reasons behind choosing Ayurveda, their notions of illness, their perceptions of diagnosis and treatment in regard to ayurvedic services.
A STUDY ON THE AWARENESS ON FINANCIAL INCLUSION SCHEMES AMONG DIFFERENT RELIGIOUS COMMUNITIES WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO AREEKODE GRAMA PANCHAYATH
Authors: Thasliya V Fathima , Jaseema K
Published: March 2023

A strong financial sector required for the growth, development and stability of a nation. So, financial inclusion is relevant to achieve inclusive growth of an economy. Financial Inclusion defined as universal access to a wide range of financial services at a reasonable cost. This paper is an attempt to study the level of awareness about financial inclusion schemes among different religious communities in Areekode grama panchayath. The sample evidence shows that PMJDY is the most popular financial inclusion scheme among all communities.
Green Hydrogen as a Potential Fuel by 2030 for Energy-Based Applications in Major States of India
Authors: Sharma Achyuth , P B Hemanth , A Bhavani , C Dixit Arun
Published: March 2023

India is a country with a rapidly growing demand for energy. Currently, most of the country's energy demand is met by fossil fuels which are hindering our environment by contributing to greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. Green hydrogen produced from renewable energy sources is clean and free from the pollution which can reduce our country's dependency on fossil fuels. Building a green hydrogen community in India can help the country to transit into sustainable development and achieve net zero emissions. Our review shows that green hydrogen can be produced in India according to the geography of the different regions rich in renewable energy resources such as solar and wind power. Many states in India have high solar energy prospectus, high wind speeds and existing infrastructure and supply chain logistics that can be used for the production and distribution of green hydrogen. States such as Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu have been identified by the Indian government as "renewable energy clusters" and aim to support the development of green hydrogen projects. Additionally, the Indian coastal area's seawater can be used as a water source for electrolysis. These coasts are windy and suitable for wind power generation and have access to excellent ports and transport infrastructure to transport green hydrogen. Overall, India has unlimited potential for green hydrogen production due to its abundant renewable energy sources and favourable geographical conditions. India can use this potential to become a major player in the green hydrogen market with the right political and regulatory framework.
Design and Development of Terrain Globetrotter Bot
Authors: A. Joseph Walter  , Akshay D. Akamanchi  , C. Karthik  , Mangala Shashank  , Pavithra G  , Sindhu Shree M  , T.C.Manjunath  , Aditya T.G  , Sandeep K.V  , Rajashekar M. Koyyeda  , Suhasini V.K  , Vijayakumar K.N
Published: March 2023

Autonomous vehicles (AV) increase safety while consuming less energy, fuel, and reducing traffic-related pollution. We'll create a Terrain Globetrotter Bot from scratch. An RP Lidar is interfaced with an RP Lidar in the front top portion of a Terrain Globetrotter bot, which has a straightforward construction and uses the ROS (Robotic Operating System) software library of version ROS Kinetic / Melodic. This low-cost mapping bot has capabilities like SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping), which can not only create a map of the environment using Lidar scans and Matlab's Robotic Operating System Software package to communicate with ROS in the Raspberry Pi via ROS Network Configurations, but also other features like asking the user to select the destination, path planning to safely reach the destination, and then gathering the necessary small resources. The objective of the project is to build a completely autonomous robot that can map its environment and avoid impediments. A chassis with tracks, two motors, a lidar, a compass, and a Raspberry Pi can be used to achieve this. The work given here is a mini-project that is taken up as a part of the curriculum completed by electronics and communication engineering students in the second year of the electronics & communication engineering department at Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering in Bangalore.
MAXIMIZATION OF COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH IN TIG WELDING OF MILD STEEL USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY
Authors: Oyinbade A.A  , Imoukhuede K.A  , Akadri A.O
Published: March 2023

Welding defects influence the desired properties of welded joints giving fabrication experts a common problem of not being able to produce weld structures with optimal strength and quality. In this study, fatigue was minimized using artificial intelligence such as the Response Surface Methodology An optimal design of experiment was developed which was used as a guiding plan to conduct the experiment., thereafter a second order polynomial l model was developed which was used to minimize the fatigue with very significant statistical results. The result shows that the quadratic model was the most suitable for minimizing the fatigue response with a P-value < 0.05
The Network Management Appliance
Authors: Koshidgewar Bhasker G
Published: March 2023

Network and computer systems have become a critical asset to all organizations. These complex networks must connect several different hardware, software and data platforms seamlessly. This complexity makes it difficult to reliably manage and secure the network and its attached systems while maintaining availability to authorized users. Traditional approaches including the use of VLANs, ACLs, firewalls, and proxies are complicated and make it hard to maintain consistent control across the enterprise. Several tools have been developed to help administrators audit and configure these devices. Despite these efforts, networks still remain unsecure and difficult to manage. This paper looks at a radical new centralized approach to network management called Ethane. Ethane provides direct control over the policy for the entire network by exploiting the capabilities of dumb switches connected to a central controller. An easily readable policy language allows network rules to be explicitly defined. Once we describe how the transport layer is secured, we'll look at how Ethane can be combined with virtualization techniques to provide a thorough defense through all system layers. The system not only blocks malicious traffic, it allows users and administrators to view the system as an organizational appliance.
Early Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy Using Various Techniques: A Review
Authors: Anuja S B  , F. Ramesh Dhanaseelaan
Published: March 2023

Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes, caused by high blood sugar levels damaging the back of the eye (retina). It can cause blindness if left undiagnosed and untreated. However, it usually takes several years for diabetic retinopathy to reach a stage where it could threaten your sight. Diabetic retinopathy is caused by damage to the blood vessels in the tissue at the back of the eye (retina). Poorly controlled blood sugar is a risk factor. Early symptoms include floaters, blurriness, dark areas of vision and difficulty perceiving colors. Blindness can occur. Mild cases may be treated with careful diabetes management. Advanced cases may require laser treatment or surgery. DR is characterized by lesions on the retina and this paper focuses on detecting two of these lesions, Microaneurysms and Haemorrhages, which are also known as red lesions. Microaneurysms are usually the earliest visible manifestation of diabetic retinopathy. They appear as tiny red dots scattered in the retina posteriorly. They may be surrounded by a ring of yellow lipid, or hard, exudates or diabetic retinopathy that is threatening or affecting your sight, the main treatments are: Laser Treatment – to treat the growth of new blood vessels at the back of the eye (retina) in cases of proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
Violencia intrafamiliar y de género. Formas y medidas de prevención en
Ecuador
Authors: Ramírez Velásquez Joanna Carolina , Morocho Baculima Katherine Nataly
Published: March 2023

En el presente capítulo se desarrolla un estudio sobre la violencia de género y la
violencia intrafamiliar, por medio de un enfoque racionalista o neopositivista, que
estuvo fundamentado en evidencias orientadas a la descripción profunda del fenómeno
social, temas que, aun cuando han sido permanentemente objeto de estudio, siguen
causando graves daños a la sociedad a nivel global. En este sentido, se conceptualiza la
problemática con los aportes de la literatura científica nacional e internacional, se
describen las formas en las que éste se presenta, ahondando en la violencia física,
psicológica, sexual, y patrimonial, así como en los diferentes ámbitos en los que en la
actualidad se observan, destacando el ámbito intrafamiliar o doméstico, laboral y
público. Además, se realiza un análisis sobre el contexto jurídico en la legislación
ecuatoriana con la finalidad de identificar las medidas de prevención para su
erradicación.
DETERMINING THE AMOUNT OF ELECTRONIC SCINTILLATIONS OF ELECTRO – OPTIC TRANSFORMER OF IMAGES
Authors:   SPACE RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGIES INSTITUTE - BULGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, Getsov Petar
Published: March 2023

One of the basic requirements when using electro - optical transformer (EOT) of images in space research [1, 2, 5, 7, 8] is the low level of bright light flashes on the screen, called multi - electronic scintillations. The existence of multi - electronic scintillations leads to significant expansion of the possibility for diminishing the utmost sensitivity of the EOT [4, 6, 9, and 10]. The definition of the amount of scintillations per definite time could be done with the help of the method for scintillations' calculation while using photo - electronic multiplier [3]. If the number of scintillations' distribution over the active surface of the screen is determined and experimentally are evaluated the distribution parameters for a certain EOT, it is a matter of simpler methods required for the scintillation evaluation without the need for development of complex scanning devices. The current research is about evaluating the law of scintillations' amount distribution over the active surface of the screen, evaluation of their amplitude spectrum and development of method for defining the amount of multi - electronic scintillations over the active surface of the EOT's screen.
Potensi Susu Bubuk Afkir sebagai aditif Pakan Terhadap Bobot Badan Akhir dan Kualitas Karkas Broiler
Authors: Hidayat Muhammad Nur
Published: March 2023

Penggunaan feed aditif pakan dalam budidaya broiler bertujuan untuk meningkatkan  bobot badan akhir atau panen yang lebih tinggi dan menghasilkan karkas yang berkualitas.  Salah satu yang dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif aditif pakan, yaitu susu bubuk afkir berbahan dasar kedelei. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat potensi susu bubuk afkir terhadap bobot akhir dan kualitas karkas broiler. Desain penelitian yang digunakan, yaitu rancangan acak lengkap dengan 4 perlakuan dengan 5 ulangan. Setiap ulangan berisi 2 ekor broiler. Perlakuan yang diberikan meliputi ransum basal tanpa ditambahkan susu bubuk afkir (P1), ransum basal ditambahkan 2,5% susu bubuk afkir (P2), ransum basal ditambahkan susu bubuk afkir 5% (P3) dan rasum basal ditambahkan susu bubuk afkir 7% (P4). Hasil sidik ragam menunjukkan perlakuan berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap bobot badan akhir, bobot karkas, persentase karkas, persentase daging tanpa tulang (boneless), persentase tulang, tetapi tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap rasio daging dan tulang. Pemberian susuk bubuk afkir berbahan dasar kedelei cenderung meningkatkan bobot akhir, bobot karkas, persentase karkas. Penggunaan susuk bubuk afkir berbahan dasar kedelei sebagai aditif pakan dapat ditambahkan kedalam ransum broiler sebanyak 5%.

Penggunaan feed aditif pakan dalam budidaya broiler bertujuan untuk meningkatkan  bobot badan akhir atau panen yang lebih tinggi dan menghasilkan karkas yang berkualitas.  Salah satu yang dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif aditif pakan, yaitu susu bubuk afkir berbahan dasar kedelei. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat potensi susu bubuk afkir terhadap bobot akhir dan kualitas karkas broiler. Desain penelitian yang digunakan, yaitu rancangan acak lengkap dengan 4 perlakuan dengan 5 ulangan. Setiap ulangan berisi 2 ekor broiler. Perlakuan yang diberikan meliputi ransum basal tanpa ditambahkan susu bubuk afkir (P1), ransum basal ditambahkan 2,5% susu bubuk afkir (P2), ransum basal ditambahkan susu bubuk afkir 5% (P3) dan rasum basal ditambahkan susu bubuk afkir 7% (P4). Hasil sidik ragam menunjukkan perlakuan berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap bobot badan akhir, bobot karkas, persentase karkas, persentase daging tanpa tulang (boneless), persentase tulang, tetapi tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap rasio daging dan tulang. Pemberian susuk bubuk afkir berbahan dasar kedelei cenderung meningkatkan bobot akhir, bobot karkas, persentase karkas. Penggunaan susuk bubuk afkir berbahan dasar kedelei sebagai aditif pakan dapat ditambahkan kedalam ransum broiler sebanyak 5%.
To Evaluate the Efficacy of Gunjaphaladi Lepam and Vibhitakadi Kwatha in Management of Switra w.s.r to Vitiligo
Authors: Mada Avinash Reddy  , Ragamala K.C  , B.Harinathachary
Published: March 2023

Switra is type of Kushta roga often encountered by Ayurvedic pediatric OPDs characterized by Twak swetata (white discolouration of skin). it is caused due to involvement of Tridoshas and Dhatus like Rasa, Rakta, Mamsa, Meda. Based on the symptoms Switra can be correlated with vitiligo in modern science. Vitiligo is a common pigmentary disorder of great socio-medical importance. Vitilogo is an acquired macular depigmentation disorder associated with the destruction of melanocytes. It affects approximately 0.5-2% of world population.
In children Shamana is preferred than Shodhana therapy. So, a clinical study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Gunjaphaladi lepam and Vibhitakadi kwatha in Switra in children 6-16 years of age was conducted considering inclusive and exclusive criteria. Patients were given Gunjaphaladi lepam for external application and Vibhitakadi kwatha internally for 60 days and called for follow up after 30 days of completion of treatment. Among 30 patients, maximum patients were having mild improvement i.e., 56.66%, 17% showed complete remission and 13.33% showed moderate improvement. The clinical study clearly concludes that Gunjaphaladi lepam and Vibhitakadi Kwatham are safe and effective in the management of Switra in children.
A Comparative Clinical Evaluation of Efficacy of Guduchi (Tinospora Cordifolia (Willd.) Miers) Kanda (Stem) and Gambhari (Gmelina Arborea Roxb.) Twak (Bark) in Vatarakta with special reference to Gouty Arthritis
Authors: Ashwini S Pai  , Dharani
Published: March 2023

Vatarakta is caused due to Dushita vata and Dushita rakta which vitiate independently and also interdependently. They further lodge in the different Dhathu and manifest as Utthana or Gambhira vatarakta. Based on symptomology, Gambhira vatarakta can be co-related to gouty arthritis, a disorder of purine metabolism. Ayurvedic classics indicate many single herb and compound formulations in management of Vatarakta. Among them, Guduchi which has been mentioned as the Agrya dravya for Vatarakta, and Gambhari, which has been indicated as Vataraktahara by Bhavaprakasha Nighantu, have been selected for trial in this study. 40 subjects fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected and randomly divided into two groups. Group A and Group B were given Guduchi kanda Kashaya and Gambhari twak Kashaya respectively, 40ml per day in two divided doses, before food, with Jala as Anupana, for a duration of 48 days. Sandhi shula, Sandhi daha, Sandhi shotha, and Sandhi stabdhata were considered as subjective parameters, and Serum Uric Acid levels and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate were taken as objective parameters. Assessment of these parameters was done before and after the intervention. Appropriate statistical tests were applied to analyse the results. Both groups showed marked improvement in the subjective and objective parameters which was statistically significant (p<0.01). Both Guduchi and Gambhari have shown efficacy in management of Vatarakta. On comparison of two groups, Guduchi was more effective clinically with respect to all the parameters.
An Ingenious Portrayal of Mythical Traits in Bala Graha
Authors: Ganga N  , Mydhili Udayan  , Anusha Baburaj  , Abhishek S L
Published: March 2023

Bala grahas, are a group of organisms, very magnificent divine non human forms that have capability to invade human beings and cause diseases attaining different forms and shapes. Invisible organisms that seize children to cause various illnesses especially those with unrecognized causes can be categorized under the scope of Bala graha. Aim: A novel portrayal of the manifestations of Bala graha to bring in a better opportunity to realize their trait in a more impressing and fascinating manner. Materials and Methods: Bala graha having colossal dimensions cannot be encapsulated easily which paved to the necessity of ingenious portrayal of the same. The approach consisted of thorough searching of several resources which includes Ayurvedic treatises, books, dissertations, conference proceedings and web based scientific databases. The key words that were used for the search consists of Graha, Graha rogas, Bala graha, scientific approach to Bala graha, Bala graha and infectious disorders, pictures of Graha, images of Bala graha. Doing proper literary review revealed that there is sparse tries to enfold Graha rogas and the need to depict the same was considered Conclusion: Bala graha being the untouched and less explored sector of Kaumarabhritya, can be considered eccentric in its origin, invasion, manifestation and management and has very much similarity with infectious disorders. As Grahas attain different size and forms, the depth of the features they produce also varies in its mightiness. Having scrutinized the literature sufficiently arise the need for a new pictorial representation to encapsulate the enormous information regarding the subject matter. This can make the topic much easier to lay hold on and help to recollect the same proficiently.
Pathophysiological Appraisal of Amlapitta Samprapti - A Contemporary Outlook
Authors: Basavarajeshwari B  , Gopikrishna S  , Vani Nayak  , Saranya K
Published: March 2023

Aim: Critical understanding of the disease Amlapitta by Samprapti Vighatana. The man of this era is becoming more susceptible to series of lifestyle disorders with an unprecedented increase in incidences related to Annavaha Srotas. Amlapitta is one of the commonest Annavaha Srotodushti Vyadhi that closely resembles with hyperacidity in modern science. The altered lifestyle activities i.e., fried food, night shifts, stress, addictions are the major risk factors for Amlapitta. Pitta and Kapha are the main Doshas that get afflicted leading to the formation of Ama due to Agnimandya caused by Mitya Ahara Vihara leading to the stasis of the food in Amashaya. The vitiated Dosha associates with the Ahara Rasa to form Vidagda Ahara, it undergoes Shuktata and cause the Lakshanas of Amlapitta. Various Nidanas acting on the GIT leads to the partial digestion of the food in the stomach and its stasis invites the growth of the bacteria by inhibiting the action of HCL. The impact of hormones and nervous stimulation supports the mechanism leading to the clinical exhibition of symptoms. The critical understanding of the disease manifestation is the fundamental to assess the Nidana majorly driving to the pathogenesis. Methodology: Manual and electronic search of available Ayurveda classics and related articles regarding Amlapitta. Discussion: The analysis of Samprapti of Ama Utpatti and Amlapitta with the contemporary understanding.
Critical Analysis of the Concept of Rogamarga
Authors: Athira CN  , Gopikrishna S
Published: March 2023

Rogamarga is an important concept in Ayurveda that describes the mode of progression of a disease. Occurrence, progression and recurrence depend on the different Rogamarga that it follows. Through the description of three different Margas namely Bahya abhyantara and Madhyama, Acharyas have explained the entire pathway through which a Vyadhi occurs. Concept of compartmentalization deals with division of the body into different fragments as alimentary compartment, intravascular compartment, interstitial compartment and intracellular compartment. It is through the knowledge of these compartments that we understand the process of digestion and transportation of nutrients all over the body. The same concept can be utilized to understand the pathology behind a disease manifestation. Rogamarga as well as compartmentalization, both talk about pathway through which a disease gets manifested. It is important to know the pathway in order to understand the pathogenesis of a particular Vyadhi. Basic fundamentals of Rogamarga and compartmentalization find similarities. Each of the compartments can be categorized into the three Rogamargas Bahya Madhyama and Abhyantara at different levels. In our science though there have been studies and articles on the basics of Rogamarga much has been not explored regarding compartments and their role in disease manifestation. This article is a humble attempt to decode the concept of Rogamarga in terms of compartmentalization thereby trying to analyse the progression of disease pathogenesis.
Development of Vyadhikshamatava Through Judicious use of Causative Factors w.s.r. to Covid -19 Like Pandemic
Authors: Kanyal Kavita  , Pandey Vijay Shankar
Published: March 2023

Everything around us is in a state of flux due to the COVID-19 corona virus. But, this is not the first time the globe has experienced such a thing. Throughout history, infectious illnesses with pandemic potential have frequently emerged and spread. When a brand-new infection breaks out, the process of natural selection restarts and leads to survival of the fittest. The fittest are those with the “right” immune response which allows the illness to be cleared quickly without causing excessive inflammation, which can be fatal. For millennia, Ayurveda has had a highly developed theoretical and methodological framework for researching novel ailments and developing treatment guidelines based on rationale derived from clinical medicine principles and therapeutic experience. Epidemics have been extensively discussed in Ayurvedic canonical texts, providing a substantial collection of treatment techniques that not only have a long history of safe use but have also proven beneficial in similar illnesses. As the COVID-19 pandemic raged on, scientists were racing the clock and breaking records to develop an immunization that provides protection against the virus. Ayurveda stands at no less position when it comes to the concept of pre-exposure to disease-causing agents/factors to stimulate the production of capacity to fight them, in turn providing Vyadhikshamatava i.e., immunity against one or a few diseases. Refining the body with the use of substances similar to the disease-causing causes against the body (Purvaabhisanskaar) is symbolically described in Ayurvedic texts e.g., Visha Kanya. Thus, it would not be an exaggeration to say that modern vaccination is based on Ayurveda's this concept to avoid this disease.
Pharmacognostical Identification of Arjuna, Punarnava and Jatamansi with Recapture of Concept of Substitution and Adulteration
Authors: Swati Goyal  , Nitin Verma
Published: March 2023

In recent era, growth in natural product market and interest in traditional system of medicine is seen and people are shifting towards the Ayurvedic theories of health management. But, growth in production is still linear and fast depletion of resources is creating the major trouble. To meet the deficit, practices of adulteration and substitution are used widely, which became burning problem in industry threatening the integrity of Ayurveda. Aim and Objective: The aim of this article is pharmacognostical identification of Arjun, Punarnava and Jatamansi with recapture of concept of adulteration and substitution, their cause, types, examples and other import aspects and identify areas that need further research. Methodology: The pharmacognostical identification of Arjun, Punarnava and Jatamansi was performed with their adulterant and substituent. The review of concept of adulteration and substitution was done from literature and more than 30 published research articles that were identified through a systematic search of major computerized medical databases. Observation and Result: The deforestation, extinction or evolution of many species, insufficient knowledge, unauthenticated practices about raw material collectively resulted in adulteration and substitution. The concept of substitution is known in Ayurveda as it is enlightened prominently in Vagbhata, Bhavprakash Yogratnakar and Bhaishajya ratnavali. The pharmacognostical identification of Arjun, Punarnava and Jatamansi was performed performed and shown with their adulterant and substituent. Discussion: Strategic planning and integrated approach towards mass production, supply chain management, IEC, proper advocacy, proper pharmacovigilance monitoring of raw materials and knowledge sharing is needed to trim down the gravity of adulteration. Scope of this article throws light on the concepts of substitution given by our preceptors and analyses these with the present-day prevailing trend of adulteration and substitution.