bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SOME ASPECTS OF THE LEGAL QUALIFICATION OF BALANCING RELATIONS OF THE GAS TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
Authors:   Vasyl’ Stus Donetsk National University, Vinnytsia, Ukraine, Belianevych O.A.
Published: April 2021

The article covers topical aspects on the management of relations arising in connection with the performance by the operator of the gas transportation system of Ukraine of the balancing function when implementing the activities of transportation of natural gas by the gas transportation system. It is argued that economic activity of transportation of natural gas by the gas transportation system is regulated by Section 32 of the Economic Code of Ukraine (EC). The activity of transportation of natural gas is covered by the definition of cargo transportation (Article 360 of EC) because under the contract for natural gas transportation in the pipelines the transposition of industrial and technology production is carried out. Accordingly, relations arising out of the contract for natural gas transportation are covered not only by Civil Code of Ukraine (CC), Laws of Ukraine "On transportation", "On pipeline transportation", "On the natural gas market" and other legislative acts, but also by the norms of the EC, in particular, in terms of legal regulation of cargo transportation and contracts for cargo transportation. In general, the system of relations on the natural gas market can be presented as a body of contracts of different types concluded by the participants of the natural gas market. Rights and obligations of the participants of the natural gas market as parties to relevant contracts are defined directly by the Law "On the natural gas market", as well as by the Gas Transportation Systems Code (GTSC) and by the Model Contract for Natural Gas Transportation, approved by the decision of the National Energy and Utilities Regulatory Commission (NEURC), other subordinate legislation. In its essence, the GTSC is an act of co-regulation of economic activity of the natural gas market by two participants: by NEURC as a regulatory authority in energy and utility and by an economic entity — an operator of the gas transportation system. Accordingly, it is hierarchi cally subordinated to acts of the higher normative level (EC and CC), special laws that regulate relations in the sphere of natural gas transportation, and cannot contradict them. This requirement of hierarchy is manifested, among other things, in the fact that subordinate legislation cannot change mandatory norms of acts of higher legal force, including legal constructions of sale and purchase contract and service contract. In this regard, it is argued that balancing of the gas transportation system and settling of imbalances of customers of gas transportation services shall not be considered as an object of legal relations on the provision of services within the meaning of general norms of Section 63 of CC on services.
Development of the fundamentals of DSGE-modeling
Authors:   State Institution ", Shvets` Serhii ,   Institute for Economics and Forecasting, NAS of Ukraine"
Published: April 2021

This article attempts to analyze the evolution of approaches that constitute grounds for macro modeling. The counteraction to destructive consequences of crises assumes practical use of model apparatus as a necessary tool for preventing destabilization. The article aims to study the progressive stages and identify unsettled issues and promising ways to assist macro models' evolution. The fundamental Marshall's and Walras's platforms supported progressive changes following the destructive Great Depression and Great Inflation in the USA in 1920-1970 and marked a new trend in macro modeling called dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) models. The new instrument is remarkable for a radical change in macro modeling approaches, where microeconomics comes to the fore. DSGE models debuted by invoking four essential ingredients: the Phillips curve, adaptive inflation expectations, anchoring nominal prices, and an endogenous production function. The progression stages of theoretical approaches to macro modeling incorporate the classical and Keynesian schools' advanced innovations. The evolution of macro modeling has five generations of models: Keynesian, classical, RBS, new Keynesian, and new Keynesian DSGE models. Among advantages of DSGE models are "political neutrality," distinguishing the shocks into economic and political ones, and establishing the upshots of significant structural changes in the economy. The next generation of macro models is called to solve four pressing issues: establishing financial frictions, relaxing rational expectations, introducing heterogeneous agents, and underpinning the framework with more appropriate microfoundations.
Species of the genus Galerina (Hymenogastraceae) with calyptrate spores in Ukraine
Authors:   M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Prydiuk M.P.
Published: April 2021

The article provides information on distribution of some noteworthy representatives of the genus Galerina in Ukraine. This genus is still rather fragmentarily studied in the country, therefore it is a subject of a series of special articles. The previous two articles, on the species of Galerina with tibiiform cheilocystidia and those possessing pleurocystidia, have already been published. This article reports species with so-called calyptrate spores. In these spores, the outer layer of the spore wall (perisporium) is separated from the main wall to form blisters at the basal (sometimes also apical) part of the spore. One of the reported species, Galerina sahleri, was found for the first time in Ukraine; other three species (G. cerina, G. hypnorum, and G. sphagnicola) were recorded in new localities. All these fungi are bryotrophic, often sphagnicolous. Their diagnoses, data about finds in Ukraine and general distribution as well as original drawings of the fruit bodies and microstructures are provided.
Plant hormones physiological role, effect on human health and its analysis
Authors: Guleria Samriti , Kumar Mukul , Kaushik Ravinder
Published: April 2021

Plant hormones are major growth regulating hormones (auxins, the gibberellins (GAs), the cytokinins) which are easily available in plant and some plant hormones are also worked as a growth inhibitor such as ethylene, abscisic acid (ABA). These hormones showed an effective result in plant growth, flowering, fruiting, aging, senescence, color enhancement of fruits, prevention or promotion of stem elongation, leafing, leaf fall, shoot, root. These plant hormones are misused for an increase in fruit production, fruit ripening, improving fruit quality traits and overall crop improvement. Therefore, there is a need to check the overdoses of these hormones in fresh and processed food products as there higher doses result in several disorders in humans. There limit of use should be specified and there is a need to develop specific analysis methods to detect their limit in agriculture and food products.
Medical Device Workarounds in Providing Care for Children With Medical Complexity in the Home
Authors: Barton Hanna J. , Coller Ryan J. , Loganathar Shanmugapriya , Singhe Nawang , Ehlenbach Mary L. , Katz Barbara , Warner Gemma , Kelly Michelle M. , Werner Nicole E.
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVES:

Children with medical complexity (CMC) are commonly assisted by medical devices, which family caregivers are responsible for managing and troubleshooting in the home. Optimizing device use by maximizing the benefits and minimizing the complications is a critical goal for CMC but is relatively unexplored. In this study, we sought to identify and describe workarounds families have developed to optimize medical device use for their needs.

METHODS:

We conducted 30 contextual inquiry interviews with families of CMC in homes. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed for barriers and workarounds specific to medical device usage through a directed content analysis. We used observation notes and photographs to confirm and elaborate on interview findings.

RESULTS:

We identified 4 barriers to using medical devices in the home: (1) the quantity and type of devices allotted do not meet family needs, (2) the device is not designed to be used in locations families require, (3) device use is physically or organizationally disruptive to the home, and (4) the device is not designed to fit the user. We also identified 11 categories of workarounds to the barriers.

CONCLUSIONS:

Families face many barriers in using medical devices to care for CMC. Our findings offer rich narrative and photographic data revealing the ways in which caregivers work around these barriers. Future researchers should explore the downstream effects of these ubiquitous, necessary workarounds on CMC outcomes toward developing interventions that optimize device use for families.
Idea niepodległości w powojennej Polsce
Authors: Gąsowski Tomasz
Published: April 2021

The Polish idea of independence was formed in the first half of the 19th century. It al-lowed the Poles to durably survive the time of the partitions and was short-lived in the autumn of 1918. The Poles then started with enthusiasm to build from scratch a modern state, the Poland Reborn. This idea motivated them to fight against the German and Soviet invasion in 1939 and continued resistance during the Second World War. In time the com-munist slavery after 1945, it survived in the collective memory of the Poles and was passed on to future generations. It was an important inspiration for some of the opposition circles operating in Poland since 1976. She prepared the ground for receiving the papal message to the Poles during his first pilgrimage to the Fatherland. It contained a call to responsible freedom, including also the right of the nation independent existence. His fulfillment took place equally ten years, in 1989, thanks to the Solidarity movement.
COVID-19: repercussions of nursing, structuring and resolutivity of national health systems
Authors: Ramos Adriana Roese , Bottega Carla Garcia , Petersen Letícia Lassen , Rollo Rosane Machado , Marchioro Mariana Kliemann , Rocha Cristianne Maria Famer
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT Aim: To analyze the repercussions of Nursing, the structuring and resolution of National Health Systems in facing the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in selected countries. Method: Reflection article on the confrontation of COVID-19 by the National Health Systems of China, United States of America, Italy, United Kingdom, Portugal, Cuba and Brazil, from information disseminated in different media and in the literature. Results: The response of health systems depended more on political decisions than on their structuring and organization. Nursing, being the front line, was the profession most affected in number of cases and deaths. Final Considerations: The reflection shows that the countries' economic and political issues interfered in the response to COVID-19 and what the role played by Nursing is essential in the front line to face the pandemic.
Enhanced erosion resistance of cement-treated bricks using multiple biological surface treatments
Authors: Liu Shihui , Du Kang , Huang Wei , Wen Kejun , Amini Farshad , Li Lin
Published: April 2021

Water erosion can deteriorate cement-treated bricks. The goal of this study was to investigate the use of multiple biological surface treatments (BSTs) on cement-treated bricks to enhance their resistance to water erosion. Calcite crystals were precipitated on the surface of cement-treated sand bricks by the microbial-induced calcite precipitation (MICP) technique. Multiple BSTs with MICP were used to enhance the properties of the cement-treated bricks further. The experimental results showed that, after a single BST, the flexural strength of the cement-treated bricks increased from 500 kPa to 750 kPa and the compressive strength increased from 3000 kPa to 4000 kPa. Erosion and water absorption were reduced by 71.2% and 16.3%, respectively. Compared with cement-treated bricks without any BST, the cement-treated bricks with triple MICP BSTs showed increases of nearly 140% and 100% in peak flexural and compressive strength, respectively. In addition, the triple BSTs resulted in 32% less water absorption compared with cement-treated samples without any BST. The surface of cement-treated bricks with triple BSTs was found to resist accelerated erosion over a 60 min time period. Overall, the results showed that BST can strengthen the erosion resistance of cement-treated bricks.
Water absorption and compressive strength of various coal fly ash-based geopolymer pastes
Authors: Chindawong Chakkresit , Damrongwiriyanupap Nattapong , Dimitrios Panias , Pimraksa Kedsarin , Setthaya Naruemon
Published: April 2021

This paper discusses the effects of the silicon dioxide to aluminium oxide molar ratio, sodium oxide to aluminium oxide molar ratio and concentration of sodium hydroxide on the water absorption and compressive strength of synthesised fly ash-based geopolymers. Geopolymer pastes were prepared using fly ash mixed with an alkaline activator consisting of sodium hydroxide solution and sodium silicate solution. The phase composition, microstructure and chemical bonding of the synthesised products were characterised after 7 and 28 days using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, respectively. The synthesised geopolymer with a silicon dioxide to aluminium oxide molar ratio of 5 and a sodium oxide to aluminium oxide molar ratio of 1.2, activated with 10 M sodium hydroxide, was found to have the highest strength and the lowest water absorption. The compressive strength was observed to increase with increasing silicon dioxide to aluminium oxide molar ratio. A high initial molar ratio of sodium oxide to aluminium oxide enhances the water absorption and decreases the strength of the geopolymer sample. The dissolution of silica and alumina from the starting materials becomes more efficient as the concentration of sodium hydroxide increases.
Effect of drying–wetting cycles on the hydromechanical behaviour of compacted coal gangue
Authors: Liu Peng , Chen Ren-Peng , Kang Xin , Wang Peng-Fei
Published: April 2021

Compacted coal gangue is often used as subgrade soils in South Central China. To understand further the effects of drying–wetting (D-W) cycles on the hydromechanical behaviour of compacted coal gangue subgrade, this paper presents a series of laboratory test results on reconstituted coal gangue subjected to multiple D-W cycles. The effects of vertical load and compaction parameters on the soil deformation behaviours during hydraulic loading are fully discussed. Based on the laboratory investigations, the shrinkage strain was found to decrease with the increase in the initial dry density; however, it increased with the increase in vertical load. Experimental results also revealed that the variation in soil water content was more pronounced in the first D-W cycle. The characteristics of the void ratio and water content change during D-W cycles were investigated, and the shrinkage behaviour (e–w) was obtained. Significant hysteresis was detected during the D-W cycles, and the size of the hysteresis loop was found to decrease with the increase in D-W cycles, while it increased with the increase in vertical load. Besides, the D-W cycles were found to influence the pore volume at the microscopic scale, where both the volumes of inter-aggregate pores and intra-aggregate pores were found to decrease as the hydraulic loading increased.
Analysis of urban heat island and flood-prone areas for green space planning
Authors: Saiz-Rodríguez Juan Alejandro , Salazar-Briones Carlos , Ruiz-Gibert José Mizael , Moctezuma Alejandro Mungaray , Lomeli-Banda Marcelo A.
Published: April 2021

Heat islands and floods have an impact on human life and the environment. In this research study, remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) were used to identify the effects of urban heat islands and potential flood zones. The results were used to create a priority attention map for Mexicali, Baja California, as a planning tool for implementing green space projects. The land surface temperature was estimated from Landsat-8 imagery. For flood-prone area estimation and a topographic wetness index, a digital elevation model was processed with a spatial resolution of 5 × 5 m. The results showed the need to incorporate green spaces within the urban area since the inhabitant-green space ratio was 2.43 m2. Furthermore, it was observed that more than 60% of green areas do not significantly affect the reduction of heat islands; therefore, the effective ratio of green spaces with a cooling effect per inhabitant was 1.27 m2. The implementation of spatial techniques in GIS considering heat islands and potential flood zones has not been traditionally considered in urban planning and cities dynamics in developing countries in arid zones. However, the determination of long-distance conditions in comprehensive planning instruments could be implemented to increase urban areas resilience.
Bioluminescence-based Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) testing of pure compounds isolated from fungi against Mycobacterium marinum v1
Authors: Wiles Siouxsie , Grey Alex
Published: April 2021

There is a real and urgent need for new antibiotics which are able to kill Mycobacteria. This group of bacteria includes Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a deadly human pathogen that latently infects a third of the world’s population. Multi-drug resistant (MDR) and totally-drug resistant (TDR) isolates have also now evolved. Due to the difficulties and dangers involved in culturing M. tuberculosis, an airborne Biosafety Level 3 pathogen, faster-growing, and less pathogenic mycobacterial species are routinely exploited for TB research and anti-mycobacterial drug discovery. M. marinum shares conserved virulence determinants with M. tuberculosis and is a pathogen of ectotherms (fish, amphibians, and reptiles), as well as causing granulomatous skin infections in humans. Because of the slow growth of many mycobacterial species, we routinely use luciferase-tagged strains (1) for our assays. As bacteria only produce light when alive, bioluminescence is an excellent non-destructive real-time reporter to assay for anti-mycobacterial activity in microtitre plate formats using a luminometer (2-4) or in vivo using sensitive imaging equipment (5). This protocol is modified from the method described by Dalton et al (4). References: Andreu N, Zelmer A, Fletcher T, Elkington PT, Ward TH, Ripoll J, Parish T, Bancroft GJ, Schaible UE, Robertson BD, Wiles S (2010). Optimisation of bioluminescent reporters for use with Mycobacteria. PLOS One. 5(5): e10777 (doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010777). Andreu N, Fletcher T, Krishnan N, Wiles S, Robertson BD (2012). Rapid measurement of antituberculosis drug activity in vitro and in macrophages using bioluminescence. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 67(2): 404-14 (doi: 10.1093/jac/dkr472). Dalton JP, Uy B, Phummarin N, Copp BR, Denny WA, Crosier PS, Swift S, Wiles S (2016). Effect of common and experimental anti-tuberculosis treatments on Mycobacterium tuberculosis growing as biofilms. PeerJ. 4:e2717 (doi: 10.7717/peerj.2717). Dalton JP, Uy B, Okuda K, Hall CJ, Denny WA, Crosier PS, Swift S, Wiles S (2017). Screening of anti-mycobacterial compounds in a naturally infected zebrafish embryo model. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 72(2):421-427 (doi: 10.1093/jac/dkw421). Andreu N, Zelmer A, Sampson SL, Ikeh M, Bancroft GJ, Schaible UE, Wiles S, Robertson BD (2013). Rapid in vivo assessment of drug efficacy against Mycobacterium tuberculosis using an improved firefly luciferase. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 68(9):2118-27 (doi: 10.1093/jac/dkt155).
Microfluidic Digital Logic Chip Assembly v1
Authors: Werner Erik
Published: April 2021

This protocol describes how to reversibly bond layers of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) using thermo-compresison bonding. Usually, two layers of PMMA are sandwiched around a center layer of PDMS. While compressed, all materials are heated to the softening temperature of the PMMA. They are then allowed to slowly cool to room temperature before removing from compression. The result should produce a bubble-free lamination between both PMMA-PDMS interfaces without melting the PMMA or significantly distorting micro-scale features. The times and temperatures in the SOP may be adjusted to accommodate different thicknesses or types of materials where a similar lamination-effect is desired.
Determination of lignin in lignocellulosic biomass v1
Authors: Láinez Magdiel
Published: April 2021

Explanation of NREL/TP-510-426181 laboratory analytical procedure. 1A. Sluiter, B. Hames, R.O. Ruiz, C. Scarlata, J. Sluiter, D. Templeton, D. Croker, Determination of Structural Carbohydrates and Lignin in Biomass, Biomass Analysis Technology Team Laboratory Analytical Procedure, National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden, CO, 2010 NREL/TP-510-42618.
Fen, Teknoloji, Mühendislik ve Matematik (FeTeMM) Temelli Etkinliklerin 5. Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Madde ve Değişim Ünitesindeki Kavramları Günlük Yaşamla İlişkilendirmelerine Etkisi
Authors: AKAR Hayriye , YADİGAROĞLU Mustafa
Published: April 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı, 5. sınıf “Madde ve Değişim” ünitesine yönelik geliştirilen FeTeMM etkinliklerinin, öğrencilerin kavramları günlük yaşamla ilişkilendirme becerilerine etkisini araştırmaktır. Araştırmada karma yöntem kullanılmıştır. Nicel boyutta basit deneysel yöntem; nitel boyutta ise durum çalışması desenlerinden bütüncül tek durum deseninden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini, 2017- 2018 eğitim öğretim yılında sosyoekonomik düzeyi orta derecede olan öğrencilerin öğrenim gördüğü bir devlet okulunun 5. sınıf öğrencilerinden 27 öğrenci (13 kız, 14 erkek) oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın nitel verileri için örneklem içinden rastgele belirlenen 7 öğrenci ile yarı yapılandırılmış mülakat yapılmıştır. Araştırma sürecinde etkinlikler beş hafta boyunca uygulanmıştır. Araştırmanın veri toplama araçları, araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen Günlük Yaşam Problemlerini Çözme Becerileri Testi (GYPÇBT), yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu, etkinlik kâğıtlarından oluşmaktadır. GYPÇBT ile elde edilen veriler parametrik testler ile görüşme formundan elde edilen veriler ise içerik analizi ile analiz edilmiştir. Etkinlikler ise “Mühendislik Tasarım Süreci Değerlendirme Rubriği (MTSDR)” kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda öğrencilerin ön test ve son test puanları arasında anlamlı farklılık bulunmuştur. Ayrıca öğrencilerinin MTSDR puanlarında çalışmanın başından sonuna doğru bir artış görülmüştür. Öğrencilerin FeTeMM etkinlikleri ile ilgili eğlenceli olma, başarıyı artırma, sosyal becerilerini artırma ve öğrendiklerini günlük yaşama uygulama gibi olumlu görüşleri olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Differences in the standardization of medicinal products based on extracts of chondroitin sulfate
Authors: Gromova O. A. , Torshin I. Yu. , Zaychik B. Ts. , Shikh E. V. , Ruzhitskiy A. O. , Galustyan A. N. , Sardaryan I. S. , Sarvilina I. V.
Published: April 2021

Objective: a comparative analysis of 6 different chondroprotectors for injection, containing chondroitin sulfate (CS) based on natural extracts.

Material and methods. Five samples were studied for each CS extract. The preparations were compared on the basis of profiles of trace element composition, sulfur content, chromatographic analysis and test for total protein. In each sample, the concentration of 72 elements was determined, then averaging was performed and the variances of the content of each element were calculated. To assess the content of the protein fraction, a modified Lowry method with bicincholic acid was used. Chromatographic profiles of the studied CS extracts were measured to estimate the molecular weight distribution.

Results. The studied samples differ significantly from each other in the total and individual content of sulfur, toxic and conditionally toxic microelements. According to the analysis of sulfur and trace elements, a cluster of more standardized CS extracts was identified. It was shown that the assessments of the pharmaceutical quality of the studied extracts made by the elemental profile, correspond to the assessments of the quality by the degree of proteins elimination and by the molecular weight characteristics of CS extracts. In particular, the highest total content of toxic elements was found for CS-6 (14.87±1.81 μg/l) and CS-2 (9.20±1.12 μg/l), and the lowest – for CS-4 (1.46±0.23 μg/l), CS-3 (1.92±0.33 μg/l) and CS-1 (2.98±0.25 μg/l). The highest content of protein impurities was also found in CS-6 (9.62 mg/ml) and CS-2 (6.64 mg/ml), and the lowest – in CS-1 (2.87 mg/ml). At the same time, the highest amount of sulfur was found CS-1 (6400 mg/kg) and much less – for CS-2 (370 mg/kg) and CS-6 (100 mg/kg). Significant amounts of the high-molecular fraction of CS (1–40 kDa) were found only in CS-1, and only trace amounts of high-molecular CS forms were present in CS-2 and CS-6.

Conclusion. The highest content of cholesterol and sulfur and, at the same time, the lowest content of toxic microelements and proteins were distinguished by the extract obtained from the trachea of a bovine.
Evolução do crédito rural no Rio Grande do Sul: análise por atividade e finalidade dos recursos de 2006 a 2018
Authors: Viana João Garibaldi Almeida , Fagundes Thainni Trindade , Troian Alessandra , Fleck Carolina Freddo
Published: April 2021

A agropecuária é uma importante atividade econômica do Rio Grande do Sul. As características de incerteza climática, sazonalidade produtiva e dependência tecnológica determinam a necessidade de uma política pública de crédito rural para o setor. Dessa forma, o artigo teve por objetivo analisar a evolução do crédito rural no Rio Grande do Sul, segmentados por atividades (agrícola e pecuária) e finalidades (custeio, investimento e comercialização) entre os anos de 2006 a 2018. O estudo possui abordagem quantitativa de caráter descritivo, com coleta a análise de dados secundários obtidos no Sistema de Operações de Crédito Rural (SICOR), no sítio oficial do Banco Central do Brasil. Foram coletadas variáveis de valor total anual de contratos (R$) e número de contratos por atividade, finalidade e produtos agrícolas de 2006 a 2018. As técnicas de análise dos dados foram a estatística descritiva e a regressão semilogarítmica. Como resultados, destaca-se a ascensão do volume de crédito no período de 2006 a 2018. O número de contratos agrícolas apresenta significativa redução, enquanto o valor por contrato agrícola e pecuário apresenta crescimento real significativo, indicando aumento na concentração de crédito no Rio Grande do Sul. Por fim, evidencia-se forte tendência de crescimento do crédito agrícola destinado à lavoura de soja no Estado, representando 50,66% do crédito agrícola total. Conclui-se que as recentes mudanças no padrão agrícola gaúcho apresentam importante relação com a evolução do crédito rural no período.
Estoque de carbono na madeira de Eucalyptus: relação material genético x espaçamento entre árvores
Authors: Araujo Emmanoella Costa Guaraná , Silva Thiago Cardoso , Pereira da Rocha Márcio , Sanquetta Carlos Roberto
Published: April 2021

A quantificação do estoque de carbono na biomassa vegetal é uma importante ferramenta na implementação de projetos de carbono e demais medidas de mitigação às alterações climáticas em nível mundial. Assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi quantificar o estoque de carbono em quatro materiais genéticos de Eucalyptus, submetidos a diferentes espaçamentos de plantio. Foram selecionados quatro materiais genéticos de Eucalyptus, sendo três do híbrido E. grandis x E. urophylla e um de E. saligna, plantados em três espaçamentos, sendo amostradas três árvores por tratamento. Discos da base da árvore foram previamente secos e moídos. Em seguida, foram determinados os teores de carbono por combustão a seco e estimados os estoques de carbono na madeira por hectare. Os dados foram analisados a partir de análise de comparação de médias em fatorial (material genético x espaçamento). Os volumes de madeira por árvore, para cada tratamento, variaram entre os espaçamentos, sendo que os materiais genéticos geraram volumes diferentes nos espaçamentos maiores. Os teores de carbono variaram entre 44,87% e 44,99%. A biomassa seca do fuste aumentou inversamente proporcional ao espaçamento, devido ao maior número de indivíduos por hectare em espaçamentos menores. Observou-se que a escolha de clones para o plantio influencia na quantidade de carbono estocado no sistema. Clones de Eucalyptus urophylla x E.grandis apresentam maior produção de biomassa que E. saligna, com consequente maior estoque de carbono na madeira. Assim, a produção de biomassa e estoque de carbono em plantios florestais de Eucalyptus pode ser manipulada por meio do espaçamento.
Diagnóstico ambiental do setor de cerâmica vermelha na região de Oeiras (PI)
Authors: Almeida Kelson Silva de , Soares Roberto Arruda Lima , Matos José Milton Elias de , Almeida Camila de Sousa Moura
Published: April 2021

O estudo apresentou o diagnóstico ambiental do setor de cerâmica vermelha na região de Oeiras (PI). Para isso, revisão bibliográfica, visitas técnicas às indústrias cerâmicas com entrevista e registro fotográfico e análise do processo produtivo cerâmico foram realizados. Foram identificados os impactos ambientais e, em seguida, a indicação de possíveis medidas mitigadoras. Os resultados apontaram como impactos ambientais: retirada da vegetação e alteração topográfica, cinzas da queima, alto consumo de água, material cru e produto não conforme. As principais medidas mitigadoras apresentadas foram: reflorestamento, terraplenagem, controle do consumo de água, melhorar o processo produtivo, incorporação de resíduos na massa cerâmica. A implantação de sistema de gestão de qualidade, gestão ambiental e comprometimento dos empresários são importantes para sustentabilidade do setor.
The Virtual Lock-in Amplifiers - Accuracy of Measurement Results in Light Transmission Experiments
Authors:   SEAMEO Regional Centre for QITEP in Science (SEAQIS), Prastika Lintang Ratri , Indarti Lili ,   SEAMEO Regional Centre for QITEP in Science (SEAQIS),   Center for the Development and Empowerment of Educators and Natural Science Education Personnel (PPPPTK IPA), Hendro Hendro ,   Department of Physics, Institut Teknologi Bandung
Published: April 2021

This research focuses on the analysis of the measurement result of the virtual lock-in amplifier (virtual-LIA) in the light transmission experiment as the trial step of developing the virtual-LIA. The virtual-LIA used in this research is designed by using the Vernier sensor DAQ as the data acquisition and the LabVIEW as the programming media. The design of virtual-LIA is based on the mathematical operations of LIA. The type of virtual-LIA is a single phase with the capabilities to process the external reference signal. Light transmission experiments are carried out using formazin polymer suspension with turbidity level of 3000 NTU, 3500 NTU, and 4000 NTU as the medium in which light is passed. The accuracy of the measurement results is known by comparing the results of virtual-LIA with real-LIA SR510. The experiments are also carried out in bright and darkroom conditions to determine the ability of virtual-LIA in reducing noise signals. Based on the experiment, the results obtained that the measurement accuracy of the virtual-LIA developed is above 94% compared to the LIA SR510. Virtual-LIA could measure small signals with and without noise with the average percentage of differences measured between dark and bright conditions is 0.54%.
“Canapeses” en los interiores domésticos en el Burgos del setecientos
Authors: Sanz de la Higuera Francisco José
Published: April 2021

La presencia y permeabilidad del canapé, mueble introducido en algunos hogares burgaleses progresistas y aristocráticos durante el Setecientos, indica, como sucede con la cómoda y otros mobiliarios sofisticados, una búsqueda de confort y comodidad creciente, enlazada con la modernidad llegada de Francia con la dinastía borbónica. La obtención de un elevado estatus de elegancia y notoriedad, preñada de lujo y distinción, fue característica no sólo de la nobleza más rancia sino también de las categorías socio-profesionales más “burguesas”, en especial de los profesionales de las administraciones públicas, del ejercicio del derecho y de los mercaderes y militares. Uno de los principales aspectos a destacar es el proceso de aclimatación, por emulación, del canapé en las viviendas burgaleses del XVIII. ¿Se percibe una gradual y creciente introducción de dicho mueble en los interiores domésticos castellanos? ¿Todas las categorías socio-profesionales se beneficiaron por igual de tal circunstancia?
Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction on WOM a Private Hospital in Indonesia
Authors: Syah Tantri Yanuar Rahmat , Wijoyo Cahyo Kusumo
Published: April 2021

This research examines the effect of service quality and customer satisfaction on word of mouth. We carried out a survey of our sample, which consisted of 303 respondents. This study provides empirical evidence that service quality has a significant positive effect on customer satisfaction, service quality also has a significant positive effect on word of mouth and customer satisfaction has a significant positive effect on word of mouth.
The Effect of Patient Safety Culture on the Quality of Nurses’ Performance
Authors: Harlin Ririk , Chalidyanto Djazuly , Permatasari Ririn Indah
Published: April 2021

Patient safety culture should be applied by all nurses in healthcare facilities. Yet, most of the time, nurses are not aware of its importance, resulting in patients’ poor perception of the nurses’ performance. This study identified the effect of patient safety culture on nurses’ performance at Bakti Mulia General Hospital. This was a correlation-descriptive study, which selected all nurses as many as 28 at Bakti Mulia General Hospital by using simple random sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using univariate and bivariate analysis with Pearson Correlation test. The majority of the respondents had poor patient safety culture (46%), and some had high patient safety culture (54%). The majority of the respondents showed had poor performance (68%), and some others had high performance (32%). There was a significant effect on patient safety culture on nurses' performance at Bakti Mulia General Hospital.
Physical Activity Patterns in Lecturers During Covid-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Kusumo Mahendro Prasetyo
Published: April 2021

A sedentary lifestyle has associated with the work of a lecturer. A sedentary lifestyle is one of the Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) causes. This study aims to explore physical Activity Patterns in Lecturers during the COVID-19 Pandemic. This study used qualitative research from July to September 2020. Interviews were conducted with sixteen lecturers is divided into two groups. The data collection was through in-depth interview techniques by telephone. Participants were determined by purposive sampling. The number of participants is seventeen. The analyzing data process through transcripts, coding, and determining themes was performed using In-Vivo software. Credibility criteria and triangulation is done to ensure valid data. The results of this study show that the desired pattern of physical activity is to use free time, even though they have difficulty managing time and lack motivation. There is a need for health policy at the university to apply a healthy lifestyle, such as walking between buildings, using stairs, doing independent exercise between working hours, procuring bicycles for transportation between buildings, and maximizing sports facilities management. Conclusion: The physical activity pattern of lecturers mostly utilizes the free time to walk between buildings, go to mosques, and long distances parking to the premises in the university environment.
The Indicators of Nurse's Perspective in Health Management System and Hospital Safety in Gombong Region Hospitals, Indonesia
Authors: Rahmadhani Wulan , Rohmansyah Nur Azis , Soe Than Kyaw , Suyanto Jipri
Published: April 2021

Health management systems played a crucial role in hazard reduction and prevention as well as in improving employee performance. The importance of a hospital health and safety management system and there has been no study in Indonesia with the same objective based on the OSHA indicator. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance indicators of Hospital Safety and health management systems in hospitals in the Gombong region, Indonesia, in terms of a nurse perspective. The research method used was descriptive-analytic. The sample size consisted of 450 nurses. The questionnaire used a standard questionnaire from hospital safety and health management systems which consisted of 53 questions including 6 domains; Leadership management, Hazard identification, employee participation, Hazard prevention, evaluation and improvement program, and Education and training. Using the 1-4 Likert scale of strongly disagree, disagree, agree, and strongly agree. The highest score was 4 and the lowest score is 1. Data analysis used SPPS, t-test, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a significant value 0.05. Based on the research results, poor conditions occurred in several domains except in the domain of employee participation. There were significant variables between hazard identification and gender, hazard prevention and improvement program and evaluation also. Conclusion of this study, hospital administrations need to be improved and pay more attention to occupational safety and health in the workplace. To get rid of weaknesses and a mistake, we need to continuous improvement and effective evaluation of staff in training programs.
Social Representations in Public Tourism Policies of Aquidauana, Brazil
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil, Castilho Rangel Aparecido Arguilheira , Bonfim Izac Oliveira Belino ,   Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande-MS, Brasil, Oliveira Neto Antonio Firmino De ,   Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil, Chaves Eros Salinas ,   Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil
Published: April 2021

This research aimed to identify the Social Representations (RS) of the dominant and dominated social agents, from the perspective of a Bourdieusian game, in the tourist area of Aquidauana, a municipality located in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul [Brazil], through the Collective Subject Discourse Methodology [DSC]. The Social Representations of both social agents are presented throughout the results and discussions, in which it was detected that they are betting on the development of Aquidauana tourism, however, they indicate the need for feasibility, dissemination and public policies projects that interact with the society; it was also identified in the SR of social agents, that the paving of BR419 will not bring many contributions to tourism, but will stimulate other economic sectors, and that the Municipal Tourism Council [COMTUR] is a space of contradictions and conflicts. It is concluded that the game of interests prevails in Aquidauana and that the public institution does not meet society's desires and daydreams.
Heritage Revitalization and Cultural Tourism Development in Porto Alegre-RS [Brazil]: La Salle Cultural Center as a Case Study
Authors:   Universidade La Salle, Porto Alegre-RS, Brasil, Flores Juliane Zilio , De Bem Judite Sanson ,   Universidade La Salle, Porto Alegre-RS, Brasil
Published: April 2021

Heritage restoration and revitalization contribute to the development of cultural tourism, protecting local history for future generations. So that, it's relevant to preserve and prepare site to receive visitors when it becomes an attraction in the tourist offer. This article aims to present the interrelationships between cultural tourism and heritage, through a case study about the Gymnasium Nossa Senhora das Dores, located in Porto Alegre Historic Center, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Methodologically, the study is supported by a bibliographic review and interviews. It was found that the future Centro Cultural La Salle, to be installed on the site, could become a new tourist attraction, in Porto Alegre Historic Centre. In the same way, the build restoration enhances and prepares it to integrate not only tourist offers, but may also provide new meanings for local inhabitants.
Sustainability Indicators and Statistical Information on Tourism in Portugal
Authors:   Instituto Politécnico de Portalegre, Portalegre, Portugal, Dinis Maria Gorete Ferreira , Breda Zélia ,   Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
Published: April 2021

The development of indicators to measure sustainable tourism and to assist in the decision-making process of tourism destination managers has been a constant concern of some international organizations. However, at the European Union level, the tourism statistics system only states that Member States should collect and transmit harmonized statistics on tourism demand and supply, not referring specifically to sustainable tourism indicators. The main objective of this article is to analyze the tourism statistics system in Portugal, from 2001 to 2018, in order to understand how sustainable tourism has been viewed at this level and in a country which tourism activity has evolved significantly. The study, exploratory in nature, used a longitudinal quantitative approach, by performing a content analysis of the activity reports of the National Institute of Statistics, as well as methodological documents of the statistical operations of tourism. The results show that, in Portugal, the statistical system lacks indicators to measure and monitor the sustainable development of tourism in the country.
Modelo de red neuronal para el pronóstico de la contaminación en polvos urbanos de principales vialidades de Bogotá,Colombia
Authors: Cejudo Rubén , Bayona Germán , Goguitchaichvili Avto , Cervantes Miguel , Bautista Francisco , Mendiola Fabiola
Published: April 2021

El uso de redes neuronales artificiales (RNA) permite usar un número limitado de variables para predecir el comportamiento de algún fenómeno con muy buenos resultados. En este trabajo, se usó un modelo de RNA para identificar sitios con altas concentraciones de metales pesados a partir de parámetros magnéticos. El estudio se hizo en muestras de polvo urbano provenientes de la red vial de la Ciudad de Bogotá, Colombia. Los resultados de este estudio documentan una extensa distribución de material magnético y metales pesados (Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, V y Zn) en los polvos urbanos, y se detectó que existen varios sitios, en las vialidades, que mostraron concentraciones altas de metales pesados con valores de índice de contaminación de carga mayores a 3. Varios modelos de redes neuronales fueron probados, encontrando que la arquitectura: 3, 2 neuronas permite pronosticar de forma confiable los sitios contaminados a través de parámetros magnéticos (el error cuadrático medio fue 3.14 y el coeficiente de correlación entre los valores reales y los valores estimados fue de 0.60).
Heat and Mass Transfer of Hydrodynamic Boundary Layer Flow along a Flat Plate with the Influence of Variable Temperature and Viscous Dissipation
Authors: Oyelami Funmilayo H. , Falodun Bidemi O.
Published: April 2021

This paper elucidates heat together with mass transfer through a flat plate and variable temperature as well as dissipative effects. The flow assumptions resulted to steady flow equations which were simplified with appropriate similarity variables. The simplified equations were numerically solved and results are presented both in graphs and tabular form. Effects of physical quantities of interest were presented graphically. The local skin friction is observed to increase because of increase in Schmidt number. Also, increase in Prandtl number is found to boast the local Nusselt number. The behaviour of increase in Prandtl number is found to be unstable within the boundary layer regime while increase in Eckert number produces heat energy within the fluid layers. Finally, the validation of the present problem is done by comparing with previous works and was in perfect agreement.
Thermal Design and Cooling Performance Evaluation of Electronic Equipment Containing Power Electronic Devices
Authors: Wang Zhengde
Published: April 2021

In electronic equipment, thermal failure and thermal degradation are two increasingly prominent problems of the devices, with the deepening integration and growing power density. Currently, there are relatively few reports on the heat transfer mechanism, heat source analysis, and numerical simulation of electronic equipment containing power electronic devices (PEDs). Therefore, this paper carries out thermal design and evaluates the cooling performance of PED-containing electronic equipment. Firstly, the basic flow was given for the thermal design of PED-containing electronic equipment; the heat transfer mode of PEDs and the equipment were detailed, so was the principle of thermal design; the cooling principles were introduced for ventilation cooling, heat pipe cooling, and closed loop cooling. Then, numerical simulation was carried out on the solid and liquid state heat transfer of PEDs and the equipment under different cooling modes. Based on an engineering example, the cooling scheme was finalized through heat source analysis on the proposed electronic equipment. The experimental results rove the effectiveness of numerical simulation and electronic equipment cooling scheme. The results provide a reference for the cooling scheme design for other fields of thermal design.
Thermal Stress Analysis and Spatial Data Matching of Urban Underground Pipelines
Authors: Liang Xiaoqiang , Hu Da , Jiang Lei , Li Yongsuo , Yang Xian
Published: April 2021

The mining of thermal data of underground pipelines is very important for the construction of urban underground pipeline network data matching model and the proposal of large-scale pipeline spatial data matching mechanism. The existing temperature field calculation and stress field simulation methods for thermal pipelines are quite mature already, but they generally pay less attention to the overall connection features of the underground pipeline network and the local details of network nodes, and the deep-level sharing and utilization of the thermal stress data of pipelines is insufficient during the process of spatial data matching of the pipeline network. To this end, this paper conducted a research on thermal stress analysis and spatial data matching of urban underground pipelines. First, the paper gave a theoretical analysis on the temperature field and stress field of underground pipelines and obtained the simulation calculation results; then it elaborated on the calculation of the similarity of underground pipeline network information, proposed a method for spatial data matching, and gave the corresponding algorithm flow; at last, experimental results verified the reliability of the simulation calculation results of the thermal stress of underground pipelines and the effectiveness of the proposed spatial data matching method.