bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fibrinogen Bonn (p. Arg510Cys) in the Aα-Chain Is Associated with High Risk of Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Ivaškevičius V. , Biswas A. , Singh S. , Stulpinaitė U. , Reda S. , Rühl H. , Pezeshkpoor B. , Pavlova A. , Oldenburg J.
Published: July 2023

Introduction Inherited dysfibrinogenemia is a qualitative defect of fibrinogen caused by various mutations among three fibrinogen genes. Dysfibrinogenemia can be associated with an increased risk of thrombosis, bleeding, or both. Here, we report a 36-year-old female with dysfibrinogenemia who experienced two successful pregnancies under thromboprophylaxis after cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST).

Patients and Methods In addition to plasmatic coagulation tests, fibrinogen genes FGA, FGB, and FGG were screened using direct genomic DNA sequencing. The structural-functional implications of the detected mutation were analyzed in silico.

Results Inherited dysfibrinogenemia was diagnosed in an index patient after CVST in a risk situation. Anticoagulation with warfarin was stopped after 12 months when the first pregnancy was planned. Pregnancy and spontaneous delivery (2020) was uncomplicated. A second pregnancy was interrupted because of acute cytomegalovirus infection and the third pregnancy was successful in 2022. Pregnancies were accompanied by thromboprophylaxis with enoxaparin 40 mg once daily until 6 weeks postpartum. Substitution of fibrinogen has not become necessary in the index patient so far. Genetic analysis revealed a novel missense mutation (p. Arg510Cys) in the FGA gene (“fibrinogen Bonn”) in the index patient, as well as an asymptomatic sister, and their father who experienced recurrent pulmonary embolism. Surface exposure of wild-type Arg510 suggested the mutated Cys510 to form nonnative disulfide bonds with surface-exposed reactive cysteines from other plasma proteins like albumin leading to formation of aggregates and impaired fibrinolysis.

Conclusions Fibrinogen Bonn might be associated with an increased risk of thrombosis, possibly due to impaired polymerization.
Digitale Prävention von Substanzgebrauchsstörungen,
problematischer Mediennutzung und problematischem
Glücksspiel
Authors: Tensil Marc-Dennan , Aenis Vera , Becker Nina , Leuschner Fabian
Published: July 2023

Hintergrund Die Ansprache von Zielgruppen der Suchtprävention
erfolgt bereits seit über 20 Jahren auch digital. Zur konkreten
Ausgestaltung und der Inanspruchnahme digitaler Angebote der
Suchtprävention und damit verbundener Frühinterventionen stehen
jedoch bisher nur wenige Informationen zur Verfügung.

Methode Anhand der Daten aus der begleitenden Evaluation von drei
digitalen Suchtpräventionsangeboten zu den Themenbereichen
Substanzgebrauchsstörungen, problematische Mediennutzung und
problematischem Glücksspiel wird die Umsetzung und Inanspruchnahme
digitaler Suchtprävention dargestellt.

Ergebnisse Unabhängig von ihrem thematischen Kontext fokussieren
die drei Plattformen jeweils die Aspekte Informationsvermittlung und
Risikoaufklärung, individualisiertes Feedback für Nutzende sowie
niedrigschwellige Übergänge in professionelle (digitale)
Unterstützungsangebote. Die Daten aus der Evaluation deuten darauf hin,
dass die avisierten Zielgruppen mit den jeweiligen Angeboten gut erreicht werden
können. Deutliche Unterschiede gibt es zwischen den Plattformen
hinsichtlich der Reichweite der Angebote und mutmaßlich auch
hinsichtlich der Erreichbarkeit besonders vulnerabler Zielgruppen.

Schlussfolgerung Digitale Angebote der Suchtprävention haben das
Potential, frühzeitig, niedrigschwellig und mit hoher Reichweite
spezifische Risikogruppen zu erreichen. Für den Aufbau und die
Aufrechterhaltung einer relevanten Reichweite scheinen kontinuierliche
Investitionen, insbesondere in fundierte Inhalte, unerlässlich zu sein.
Personen mit einem geringen Bildungsniveau werden durch die noch immer
überwiegend textbasierten Inhalte und Angebote der Plattformen offenbar
nur sehr eingeschränkt erreicht.
One-Pot Synthesis of Quinoxaline N-Oxides via Radical-Mediated Cyclization of Ketene N,S-Acetals
Authors: Singh Maya Shankar , Kumar Ganesh , Ray Subhasish , Shukla Gaurav
Published: July 2023

A facile and efficient one-pot synthesis of bench-stable quinoxaline N-oxides has been realized using α-oxoketene N,S-acetals and tert-butyl nitrite (TBN) in open air via cascade annulation. The double functionalization of N,S-acetals proceeds through an unanticipated (Csp2)–H nitrosation by NO radical (generated in situ by TBN) and subsequent intramolecular N-arylation leading to quinoxaline, which undergoes oxidation to quinoxaline N-oxides harboring three variegated substituents on their framework. Notably, two new C–N bonds are formed with the same N-oxide nitrogen. This protocol features short reaction time, good functional group tolerance and mild conditions, and does not require the use of either catalyst or external additive.
Cathelicidin Antimicrobial Peptide (CAMP) and Its Correlation with Serum 25 Hydroxy Vitamin D in Under-Five Children with Pneumonia
Authors: Dabas Aashima , Kukreti Nisha , Shah Dheeraj , Dewan Pooja , Bansal Ajay Kumar , Gupta Piyush
Published: July 2023

Cathelicidins are human peptides involved in innate immunity, and are believed to be mediators of vitamin D-related immune benefits. We aimed to evaluate the correlation between serum levels of 25 hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) and serum cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) in children hospitalized with severe pneumonia. This was a secondary analysis from a larger randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial on vitamin D supplementation in severe pneumonia. Children aged 6 months to 5 years with the World Health Organization (WHO) defined severe pneumonia were included. Any child with rickets, immunodeficiency, or chronic illness was excluded. Baseline serum CAMP, serum 25(OH)D, and immunoglobulins were measured and analyzed. A total of 163 under-five children were recruited with mean (standard deviation) age 16.4 (13.0) months. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) serum CAMP was 12.5(8.0–20.0) ng/mL and serum 25(OH)D was 14.4 (8.4–24.2) ng/mL. There was no significant correlation between serum cathelicidin and serum 25(OH)D (r = −0.064, p = 0.415). Serum 25(OH)D was low (<20 ng/mL) in 105(64.4%) participants. Median (IQR) serum CAMP was comparable between children with low (<20 ng/mL) and normal serum 25(OH)D levels (13.0 [8.2, 22.1] and 12.0 [8.0, 17.4] pg/mL; p = 0.2). Serum cathelicidin showed significant positive correlation with serum immunoglobulin M levels (r= 0.456, p < 0.001). There was no significant correlation between serum cathelicidin and serum vitamin D in under-five children hospitalized with severe pneumonia.
Traumatic Acute Vertex Epidural Hematoma(vEDH): A Case Report
Authors: Tyngkan Lamkordor , Laloo Memida , Pasi Mebanshanbor Garod
Published: July 2023

Vertex epidural hematoma (vEDH) is a rare type of intracranial hematoma, which accounts for 0.024% of all head injuries and 0.47 to 8.2% of intracranial hematoma, with high mortality rate of approximately 50% if not detected early. We report a case of 30-year-old male with fall from height presenting with headache and bradycardia. Craniotomy with complete evacuation of vEDH was done. vEDH is a relatively rare entity and in suspected case of vEDH one should always get thin cuts of computed tomography along with sagittal and coronal cuts.
Immunohistochemical expression of programmed death ligand (PD-L1) is associated with poor differentiation, higher tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and higher t and n stage in colorectal adenocarcinoma: A single-center analytical study of 52 cases in South India
Authors: Katta Ramya , Reddy Thumma Rayapa , Sai Pesala Divya , Padma Madana
Published: July 2023

Objectives:

Colorectal adenocarcinoma is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. These tumors are heterogeneous in terms of genomic alterations, immune response of the microenvironment, drug responsiveness, and biological behavior. Physiologically and pathologically, programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a key immune-regulatory molecule that suppresses immune response. PD-L1 expression on tumor cell has been implicated as a cause of immune evasion by tumor cells in many cancers. However, its activity in colorectal carcinomas is still under study. The aim of this study is to correlate PD-L1 marker expression with patient demographics, clinicopathological features, and TNM (tumor size, node involvement, and metastasis status) stage, and to find if there exists any significant correlation between them.

Materials and Methods:

The present study is a 3-year retrospective analytical study conducted in a tertiary care hospital in South India. Specimens were routinely fixed, processed, and cut. Hematoxylin and eosin–stained sections and corresponding PD-L1-stained sections were analyzed and data were tabulated.

Statistical analysis:

Results were tabulated and statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software (version 24). The chi-squared test was used to calculate the value of significance (p value).

Results:

PD-L1 expression on tumor cells was significantly associated with female gender, right-sided tumors, poorly differentiated tumors, higher number of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and higher T and N statuses.

Conclusion:

High PD-L1 expression on tumor cells is a marker for poor prognosis. A subset of colorectal adenocarcinoma may benefit with anti-PD-L1-targeted therapy.
Localization of fixed dipoles at high precision by accounting for sample drift during illumination
Authors: Hinterer Fabian , Schneider Magdalena C. , Hubmer Simon , López-Martínez Montserrat , Ramlau Ronny , Schütz Gerhard J.
Published: July 2023

Single molecule localization microscopy relies on the precise quantification of the position of single dye emitters in a sample. This precision is improved by the number of photons that can be detected from each molecule. Particularly recording at cryogenic temperatures dramatically reduces photobleaching and would, hence, in principle, allow the user to massively increase the illumination time to several seconds. The downside of long illuminations, however, would be image blur due to inevitable jitter or drift occurring during the illuminations, which deteriorates the localization precision. In this paper, we theoretically demonstrate that a parallel recording of the fiducial marker beads together with a fitting approach accounting for the full drift trajectory allows for largely eliminating drift effects for drift magnitudes of several hundred nanometers per frame. We showcase the method for linear and diffusional drift as well as oscillations, assuming fixed dipole orientations during each illumination.
Measurements of fusion reaction history in inertially confined burning plasmas
Authors: Kim Y. , Meaney K. D. , Geppert-Kleinrath H. , Herrmann H. W. , Murphy T. J. , Young C. S. , Hoffman N. M. , Jorgenson H. J. , Morrow T. , Wilson D. C. , Loomis E. N. , Cerjan C. , Zylstra A. B. , Jeet J. , Schlossberg D. J. , Rubery M. S. , Moore A. S. , Kritcher A. L. , Carrera J. A. , Mariscal E. F. , Casey D. T. , Dewald E. L. , Leatherland A. E. , Malone R. M. , Kaufman M. I.
Published: July 2023

Direct evidence of inertially confined fusion ignition appears in the abrupt temperature increase and consequent rapid increase in the thermonuclear burn rate as seen in the reaction history. The Gamma Reaction History (GRH) and Gas Cherenkov Detector (GCD) diagnostics are γ-based Cherenkov detectors that provide high quality measurements of deuterium–tritium fusion γ ray production and are, thus, capable of monitoring the thermonuclear burn rate. Temporal shifts in both peak burn time and burn width have been observed during recent high-yield shots (yields greater than 1017 neutrons) and are essential diagnostic signatures of the ignition process. While the current GRH and GCD detectors are fast enough to sense the changes of reaction history due to alpha heating, they do not have enough dynamic range to capture the onset of alpha heating. The next generation of instrumentation, GRH-15m, is proposed to increase the yield-rate coverage to measure the onset of alpha-heating.
Two-dimensional carrier gas at a polar interface without surface band gap states: A first principles perspective
Authors: Brivio Federico , Rappe Andrew M. , Kronik Leeor , Ritter Dan
Published: July 2023

We present first principles calculations of the interface between GaN and strained AlN, using a slab model in which polarization is compensated via surface fractional-charge pseudo-hydrogen atoms. We show that an interface two-dimensional carrier electron or hole gas emerges naturally in response to different compensating surface charges, but that this need not involve in-gap surface states.
Nonlinear regimes of inertial wave attractors generated by a precessing lid: Zonal flows and Rossby waves
Authors: Subbotin S. , Shmakova N. , Kozlov V. , Ermanyuk E.
Published: July 2023

Fluid flow excited by inertial waves in a rotating annulus with a trapezoidal cross section is experimentally investigated. The forcing is introduced by the precession of a flat annular lid bounding the cavity. Such a setup allows to investigate interactions between inertial waves and zonal flows in the presence of equivalent topographic beta-effect, and its dynamic behavior under weak and strong forcing is experimentally studied for the first time. Due to the specific dispersion relation of inertial waves, a cavity shape supports wave attractors that appear only for retrograde lid precession. At a relatively low wave intensity, a zonal flow is generated in the vicinity of a “virtual” axial cylinder, the radius of which coincides with the radius of the focusing reflection from the conical bottom. A succession of non-linear regimes is observed as forcing increases, starting with a clearly identifiable case of triadic resonance. Further, the frequency spectrum is progressively enriched by emergence of additional discrete components, gradually reaching the state of “overheated” wave turbulence with a significant continuous background of the frequency spectrum. Finally, a strong low-frequency component develops in the frequency spectrum, and the continuous background of the spectrum decreases dramatically. The low-frequency component corresponds to azimuthally periodic structures identified as Rossby waves. In the case of strong forcing, a long-term variability of zonal-flow velocity at the timescale of tens of forcing periods is observed, which is likely a consequence of the interaction of azimuthal structures corresponding to a rich wave number set.
β
-Ga2O3 trench Schottky diodes by low-damage Ga-atomic beam etching
Authors: Dhara Sushovan , Kalarickal Nidhin Kurian , Dheenan Ashok , Rahman Sheikh Ifatur , Joishi Chandan , Rajan Siddharth
Published: July 2023

β -Ga2O3 trench Schottky barrier diodes fabricated through a Gallium atomic beam etching technique with excellent field strength and power device figure of merit are demonstrated. Trench formation was accomplished by a low-damage Ga flux etch that enables near-ideal forward operating characteristics that are independent of fin orientation. The reverse breakdown field strength of greater than 5.10 MV/cm is demonstrated at a breakdown voltage of 1.45 kV. This result demonstrates the potential for Ga atomic beam etching and high-quality dielectric layers for improved performance in β-Ga2O3 vertical power devices.
Calculation of the one- and two-photon absorption spectra of water-soluble stilbene derivatives using a multiscale QM/MM approach
Authors: Ramos Tárcius N. , Franco Leandro R. , Silva Daniel L. , Canuto Sylvio
Published: July 2023

We calculated the one- (OPA) and two-photon absorption (TPA) spectra of two large water-soluble stilbene derivatives presenting TPA cross sections of about 400 GM. However, the reported experimental TPA spectra present a spectral gap region, and a theoretical study of these promising molecules seems now timely and relevant. These molecules are composed of 200 or more atoms, becoming a challenge to obtain the TPA spectra even using density functional theory at the time-dependent quadratic response formalism. Thus, both OPA and TPA were also calculated using the INDO-S semi-empirical method. We used explicit solvent molecules using the sequential-quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics to include the solvent effects. Our results show that different transitions are participating in the OPA and TPA processes and that exchange–correlation functionals, including larger Hartree–Fock contributions, provide a better description of the OPA spectra; however, the opposite trend is observed on the TPA spectra. Alternatively, INDO-S/CISD, including contributions from single and double excitations, systematically describes both OPA and TPA bands with similar shifts and better reproduces the relative intensities of the two TPA bands compared to the experimental ones. The OPA spectra are characterized by a Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital-Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO–LUMO) excitation, while the low-energy TPA band is ascribed to a single transition encompassing the (HOMO-1)–LUMO and HOMO–(LUMO+1) excitations and the high-energy one is a combination of several transitions. Thus, although more studies are required to better assess the capability of the INDO-S/CISD method in describing the TPA spectra of large molecules, our results corroborate that it is a promising alternative.
Charge transfer transitions of the O2+–Ar and O2+–N2 complexes
Authors: Catani Katherine J. , Bartlett Nastasia I. , Scholz Michael S. , Muller Giel , Taylor Peter R. , Bieske Evan J.
Published: July 2023

Electronic transitions are observed for the O2+–Ar and O2+–N2 complexes over the 225–350 nm range. The transitions are not associated with recognized electronic band systems of the respective atomic and diatomic constituents (Ar+, Ar, O2+, O2, N2+, and N2) but rather are due to charge transfer transitions. Onsets of the O2+–Ar and O2+–N2 band systems occur at 3.68 and 3.62 eV, respectively, corresponding to the difference in the ionization potentials of Ar and O2 (3.69 eV), and N2 and of O2 (3.51 eV), suggesting the band systems arise from intramolecular charge transfer transitions to states correlating with O2(X3Σg−) + Ar+ (2Pu) and O2(X3Σg−) + N2+(X2Σg+) limits, respectively. The dominant vibronic progressions have ωe values of 1565 cm−1 for O2+–Ar and 1532 cm−1 for O2+–N2, reasonably close to the value for the neutral O2  molecule in its X3Σg− state (1580 cm−1). Higher energy band systems for O2+–Ar and O2+–N2 are assigned to transitions to states correlating with the O2 (a1Δg) + Ar+ (2Pu) and O2 (a1Δg) + N2+(X2Σg+) limits, respectively.
Numerical investigation of the interaction between a converging shock wave and an offset cylindrical bubble containing different gases
Authors: Igra D. , Igra O.
Published: July 2023

A numerical study investigating the interaction process between a converging shock wave and a gas bubble placed at an offset location is presented. As a first step, for proofing the reliability of the used numerical scheme, a simulation of relevant available experimental findings of Hosseini and Takayama [“Richtmyer–Meshkov instability induced by cylindrical shock wave loading of cylindrical gaseous inhomogeneities,” AIAA Paper No. 2000-2464, 2000] and Hosseini and Takayama [“Study of a converging shock wave interaction with a gaseous interfaces in an eccentric arrangement,” in Japanese Symposium on Shock Waves, 2000] is conducted; the tested gases were helium (He) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). The converging shock wave had a Mach number of 1.18 prior to its impact on the 50 mm diameter gas bubble. Achieving good agreement with the experimental findings ensures the reliability of the applied numerical scheme. After the converging shock wave impacted the gas bubble, different shock waves are created. These shock waves propagate differently than those observed in the case of planar shock wave impacting a cylindrical gas bubble or that of a converging shock wave where the gas bubble is located at the center. Furthermore, once the converging shock wave converged, a diverging shock wave expands and again impacts the remaining gas bubble, thus creating more complex shock wave patterns. The gas contained inside the bubble has an effect on the location of the converging shock wave focus point. In the case of the heavy gas SF6, the focus point is near the center of the converging shock wave, but in the case of light gas He, it is offset from the converging shock wave focus point and outside of the initial location of the He bubble. The new results from the current numerical simulation include more detailed results for both bubbles, which were not reported in Hosseini and Takayama [“Richtmyer–Meshkov instability induced by cylindrical shock wave loading of cylindrical gaseous inhomogeneities,” AIAA Paper No. 2000-2464, 2000] and Hosseini and Takayama [“Study of a converging shock wave interaction with a gaseous interfaces in an eccentric arrangement,” in Japanese Symposium on Shock Waves, 2000]. In addition, a shock wave focusing of the transmitted shock wave inside the SF6 bubble is observed. This later creates a secondary diverging shock wave. Higher pressure is achieved in the SF6 case.
Steady-state and dynamic characteristics of deep UV luminescence in rock salt-structured MgxZn1−xO
Authors: Onuma Takeyoshi , Kudo Kanta , Ono Mizuki , Kosaka Wataru , Shima Kohei , Ishii Kyohei , Kaneko Kentaro , Ota Yuichi , Yamaguchi Tomohiro , Kojima Kazunobu , Fujita Shizuo , Chichibu Shigefusa F. , Honda Tohru
Published: July 2023

Temperature-dependent cathodoluminescence spectra were measured for rock salt-structured MgxZn1−xO films with x = 0.95–0.61. The Mg0.95Zn0.05O film exhibited the shortest deep UV peak wavelength of 199 nm (6.24 eV) at 6 K. Relatively high equivalent internal quantum efficiencies of 0.9%–11% were obtained. The Tauc plots, which were obtained from temperature-dependent optical transmittance measurements, exhibited large Stokes-like shifts of 0.7–0.9 eV at 6–300 K. Time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) signals at 7 K exhibited fast and slow decay components. The fast decay component had PL lifetimes of 2.59–3.08 ns, and the slow decay component far exceeded the measurement time range of 12.5 ns. The fast decay constant reflected the transfer lifetime of the photoexcited carriers to certain trapping centers. These centers were tentatively ascribed to Zn-related isoelectronic trapped-hole centers and may be a cause of the large Stokes-like shifts. The signals at 300 K exhibited very short PL lifetimes of 120–180 ps. The PL lifetimes were mainly attributed to the nonradiative recombination lifetime. Simultaneous decreases in the Zn-related isoelectronic trapped-hole centers and the nonradiative recombination centers were found to be necessary to improve the DUV emission properties of RS-MgxZn1−xO films.
An active mixing enhancement technique in supersonic ejectors using pulsed streamwise injections
Authors: Suresh Aswin , Rajagopal Arun Kumar
Published: July 2023

The current study numerically investigates an active mixing enhancement technique for a supersonic ejector with a constant area mixing chamber operating under the critical regime. Streamwise control jet injections are alternatively pulsed at the top and bottom sides of the mixing chamber entrance. The induced oscillation of the primary jet enhances the bulk mixing between the primary and secondary streams. The secondary stream penetrates the primary core flow much upstream with the control strategy compared to the no-injection case, improving the onset of mixing by 65.36%. A higher spread of the primary jet along the mixing chamber height is observed with the control strategy indicating an enhanced mixing between the two streams. Dynamic mode decomposition analysis of the fluctuations of the velocity magnitude revealed that the dominant dynamic structures are determined by the pulsation frequency and a dominant flapping mode can be observed. The frequency spectrum of the primary jet oscillation revealed that the dominant frequency of oscillation is dictated by the pulsation frequency of the injection. With an increase in the control jet pulsation frequency, the amplitude of primary jet oscillation reduces near the entrance region of the mixing chamber, whereas the amplitude of oscillation far downstream reaches nearly the same value for all the cases. The power spectral analysis of the unsteady pressure fluctuations along the mixing chamber wall revealed that the wall pressure oscillations are contributed by the control jet pulsation frequency as well as the shock wave reflections produced by the supersonic jet–jet interaction within the mixing chamber.
Ultraviolet photon-counting single-pixel imaging
Authors: Ye Jun-Tian , Yu Chao , Li Wenwen , Li Zheng-Ping , Lu Hai , Zhang Rong , Zhang Jun , Xu Feihu , Pan Jian-Wei
Published: July 2023

We demonstrate photon-counting single-pixel imaging in the ultraviolet region. Toward this target, we develop a high-performance compact single-photon detector based on a 4H-SiC single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD), where a tailored readout circuit with active hold-off time is designed to restrain detector noise and operate the SPAD in the free-running mode. We use structured illumination to reconstruct 192 × 192 compressed images at a 4 fps frame rate. To show the superior capability of ultraviolet characteristics, we use our single-pixel imaging system to identify and distinguish different transparent objects under low-intensity irradiation and image ultraviolet light sources. The results provide a practical solution for general ultraviolet imaging applications.
Statistical evaluation of stability margin of a multi-stage compressor with geometric variability using adaptive polynomial chaos-Kriging model
Authors: Guo Zhengtao , Chu Wuli , Zhang Haoguang , Liang Caiyun , Meng Dejun
Published: July 2023

Compressed air energy storage systems must promptly adapt to power network demand fluctuations, necessitating a high surge margin in the compression system to ensure safety. It is challenging to completely eliminate blade geometric variations caused by limited machining precision, the important effects of which should be considered during aerodynamic shape design and production inspection. The present paper explores the uncertainty impact of geometric deviations on the stability margin of a multi-stage axial compressor at a low rotational speed. Initially, an adaptive polynomial chaos expansion-based universal Kriging model is introduced, and its superior response performance in addressing high-dimensional uncertainty quantification problems is validated through rigorous analytical and engineering tests. Then, this model is used to statistically evaluate the stability margin improvement (SMI) of the compressor due to the Gaussian and realistic geometric variabilities separately. The results show that the mean and standard deviation of SMI are −0.11% and 0.5% under the Gaussian geometric variability, while those are 0.33% and 0.39% under the realistic variability. For both the geometric variabilities, the stagger angle and maximum thickness deviations of the first-stage rotor are the most influential parameters controlling the uncertainty variations in the stability margin. Finally, the underlying impact mechanism of the influential geometric deviations is investigated. The variation in the stability margin caused by the geometric deviations primarily results from the alteration of inlet incidences, affecting the size of the tip leakage vortex blockage and boundary-layer separation regions near the blade tip of the first-stage rotor.
Research on the dynamics of a restricted cavitation bubble near a symmetric Joukowsky hydrofoil
Authors: Shen Junwei , Liu Yuhang , Wang Xiaoyu , Wang Congtao , Zhang Yuning , Xian Haizhen , Zhang Yuning
Published: July 2023

In the present paper, the restricted cavitation bubble dynamics near a symmetric Joukowsky hydrofoil are researched theoretically and experimentally. Using Kelvin impulse theory, the Joukowsky transformation, and the circle theorem, a theoretical model for restricted bubble dynamics is established to analyze the collapse jet characteristics. The validity of this model is then verified using high-speed photographic experiments. The velocity and direction of the collapse jet at specific position angles are quantitatively analyzed. Furthermore, the spatial characteristics of the Kelvin impulse direction near the symmetric Joukowsky hydrofoil are revealed by theoretical results. The main conclusions include the following: (1) the new theoretical model is proven to be effective in predicting the direction of the collapse jet for a restricted bubble near a symmetric Joukowsky hydrofoil. (2) As the distance between the bubble and hydrofoil increases, the collapse jet direction changes from pointing toward the nearest wall to pointing toward the center of the hydrofoil. (3) The variation rate of the Kelvin impulse direction for the restricted bubble is very sensitive to the bubble position near the two ends of the symmetric Joukowsky hydrofoil.
Radial basis function-differential quadrature-based physics-informed neural network for steady incompressible flows
Authors: Xiao Y. , Yang L. M. , Du Y. J. , Song Y. X. , Shu C.
Published: July 2023

In this work, a radial basis function differential quadrature-based physics-informed neural network (RBFDQ-PINN) is proposed to simulate steady incompressible flows. The conventional physics-informed neural network (PINN) makes use of the physical equation as a constraint to ensure that the solution satisfies the physical law and the automatic differentiation (AD) method to calculate derivatives at collocation points. Although the AD-PINN is expedient in evaluating derivatives at arbitrary points, it is time-consuming with higher-order derivatives and may lead to nonphysical solutions with sparse samples. Alternatively, the finite difference (FD) method can facilitate the calculation of derivatives, but the FD-PINN will increase the computational cost when handling random point distributions, especially with higher-order discretization schemes. To address these issues, the radial basis function differential quadrature (RBFDQ) method is incorporated into the PINN to replace the AD method for the calculation of derivatives. The RBFDQ method equips with high efficiency in the calculation of high-order derivatives as compared with the AD method and great flexibility in the distribution of mesh points as compared with the FD method. As a result, the proposed RBFDQ-PINN is not only more efficient and accurate but also applicable to irregular geometries. To demonstrate its effectiveness, the RBFDQ-PINN is tested in sample problems such as the lid-driven cavity flow, the channel flow over a backward-facing step, and the flow around a circular cylinder. Numerical results reveal that the RBFDQ-PINN achieves satisfactory accuracy without any labeled collocation points, whereas the AD-PINN struggles to solve some cases, especially for high Reynolds number flows.
Counterdiabatic driving for long-lived singlet state preparation
Authors: Suresh Abhinav , Varma Vishal , Batra Priya , Mahesh T. S.
Published: July 2023

The quantum adiabatic method, which maintains populations in their instantaneous eigenstates throughout the state evolution, is an established and often a preferred choice for state preparation and manipulation. Although it minimizes the driving cost significantly, its slow speed is a severe limitation in noisy intermediate-scale quantum era technologies. Since adiabatic paths are extensive in many physical processes, it is of broader interest to achieve adiabaticity at a much faster rate. Shortcuts to adiabaticity techniques, which overcome the slow adiabatic process by driving the system faster through non-adiabatic paths, have seen increased attention recently. The extraordinarily long lifetime of the long-lived singlet states (LLS) in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), established over the past decade, has opened several important applications ranging from spectroscopy to biomedical imaging. Various methods, including adiabatic methods, are already being used to prepare LLS. In this article, we report the use of counterdiabatic driving (CD) to speed up LLS preparation with faster drives. Using NMR experiments, we show that CD can give stronger LLS order in shorter durations than conventional adiabatic driving.
Effect of sinusoidal heated blocks on electroosmotic flow mixing in a microchannel with modified topology
Authors: Sahoo S. , Majhi M. , Nayak A. K.
Published: July 2023

The present study is focused on micromixing enhancement techniques for electroosmotic flows in a modulated microchannel with a modified topology by utilizing heated blocks on the surface of the microchannel. The heated blocks carry higher temperatures as compared to the other portions of the channel wall, resulting in a sharp variation in the temperature of the fluid. The species transport is governed by the Nernst–Planck equation in a modified form by adding a thermo-electrochemical migration term due to the temperature variation in the ions, justifying the electrochemical equilibrium conditions. The fluid considered for the study is non-Newtonian and is governed by a power-law model. The Navier–Stokes equations, along with the thermal energy equation, are simulated numerically in a coupled form utilizing a finite volume-based semi-implicit method for the pressure-linked equation algorithm to interpret the behavior of the electric potential distribution, the external electric field, the flow field, the temperature distribution, and the species concentration, which are the major contributors for the mixing efficiency. The numerically simulated results are varied with the analytical results for the simple electroosmotic flow in the microchannel, indicating that the mixing efficiency can be enhanced by increasing the temperature of the heated blocks. Due to the thermo-electrochemical migration, ions are redistributed along the heated blocks, oscillating the flow velocity by creating vortices, resulting in the mixing enhancement. The effects of the geometrical parameters, the Debye–Hückel parameter, the temperature gradient, the power-law index, and the Nusselt number are elaborated for the effective flow rate and micromixing. The mixing efficiency is found to be optimum for higher temperature gradients and higher power-law indices. The net throughput analysis that combines the geometrical modulation and wall temperature variation will aid in improving the design and fabrication of microfluidic mixers.
A multi-timescale optimal operation strategy for an integrated energy system considering integrated demand response and equipment response time
Authors: Dong Fugui , Meng Zihang , Chi Laihao , Wang Xiaofeng
Published: July 2023

The response potential of demand-side resources is becoming increasingly significant in integrated energy system (IES) operations. In addition, to ensure the effective participation of system devices, their actual responsiveness at different timescales should be considered. Based on these considerations, this paper proposes an IES multi-timescale operation optimization strategy that incorporates multiple forms of integrated demand response (IDR) and considers the response characteristics of the equipment. First, the multi-timescale characteristics of IDR are analyzed. Moreover, a multi-timescale operation model of IES that comprises day-ahead, intraday, and real-time stages is further established. In the day-ahead dispatch, a low-carbon economic scheduling model is developed by considering the shifting demand response (DR) and the cost of carbon emissions. In the intraday scheduling, noting that cooling and heat energy transmission possess slow dynamic characteristics, a rolling optimization model for cooling/heating coupled equipment considering load shedding and substituting DR is established. In real-time scheduling, the output of electric/gas coupled equipment is adjusted. Finally, an industrial park-type IES in northern China was selected as an example for a case study. The results show that (1) the IDR multi-timescale response strategy can exploit different types of demand-side flexibility resources. After implementing the shifting DR, the peak-to-valley difference of the electric load curve was reduced by 20%, and the total system cost was reduced by 2.3%. After implementing load shedding, the maximum load differences per unit period of the electric, heat, and cooling load curves decreased by 18.7%, 40.0%, and 68.9%, respectively. (2) By refining the timescale of IES optimization, the proposed model can effectively ensure the energy supply and demand balance of the system under different load scenarios and reduce the system operation cost. After applying the model to simulation in three typical days (transition season, summer, and winter), the penalty costs of lost loads reduce by ¥3650, ¥3807, and ¥3599, respectively, and the total system costs decrease by 17.4%, 16.1%, and 16.2%, respectively.
Defining breeding objectives for sustainability in cattle: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Richardson C. M. , Crowley J. J. , Amer P. R.
Published: July 2023

This paper reviews breeding objectives of the current global cattle industry and outlines existing challenges and opportunities for improving sustainability in the livestock sector through genetic selection. Cattle breeding programs have historically been focused on generating profit by selecting for high-producing animals and broadened to include traits related to health, reproduction, fertility, and efficiency. Now, cattle industries around the world are using genetics to reduce their environmental impacts and improve sustainability. Reducing emissions is vital to improve sustainability, and industry leaders have set emission goals to either reduce gross emissions, lower emissions intensity, or reach net-zero. However, additional traits should also be measured and compared in terms of their impact on the broader definition of sustainability. In addition to environmental impact, a sustainable breeding objective must consider profit, animal welfare, farmer wellbeing, and social responsibility. Traits to be considered include direct emissions (e.g. nitrogen and methane), production efficiency (e.g. feed efficiency, growth), closer to biology reproduction and fertility (e.g. oestrous strength and semen quality), health (e.g. calf and transition cow health) and welfare traits (e.g. polled). Many of these novel traits require labour-intensive or expensive phenotyping, resulting in small datasets and low reliability of estimated breeding values. Opportunities exist to overcome this limitation by utilising international collaboration to build large data bases, develop inexpensive and easy-to-measure proxy traits, and expand novel-phenotype reference populations by using female-driven reference populations and young stock and males. Non-economic values can be estimated that quantify the impact that a trait has on societal perspective (e.g. farmer preference) or the environmental impact (methane emissions), and combined with economic weights to calculate aggregate weights for each trait. While validation techniques are still uncertain, the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals may be applied to determine the improvement in sustainability due to genetic selection. This approach allows for various perspectives of sustainability, such as in the developed versus developing world, to be considered. The number and quality of relevant phenotypes are currently the main limiting factors. As confidence continues to grow in the opportunity to improve sustainability through genetic selection, substantial new investment will be required both in phenotyping activities, but also into novel breeding structures and scheme designs that can maximise the value and impact of these phenotypes.
Physician and nurse practitioner perspectives of a modified Routine Opioid Outcome Monitoring (ROOM) Tool
Authors: Lam Cynthia , Marr Patricia , Leblanc Kori , Papoushek Christine , Kwan Debbie , Sproule Beth , Murphy Laura
Published: July 2023

Introduction The Routine Opioid Outcome Monitoring (ROOM) Tool was developed for use in community pharmacies in Australia. It facilitates pharmacists’ screening and brief interventions regarding an individual’s opioid use for chronic pain. At our academic teaching hospital, the ROOM Tool was adapted to incorporate a communication tool that includes a pharmacist’s assessment and recommendations for primary care providers. This modified ROOM Tool was implemented as part of usual care in our outpatient pharmacies; however, the value to primary care providers is unknown. Aim The aim of this study was to determine primary care provider perspectives on the modified ROOM Tool. Methods Focus groups were conducted with primary care providers from an Academic Family Health Team. The focus group encompassed topics related to the positive and negative aspects of the modified ROOM Tool in supporting the care of patients using opioids for chronic pain. Qualitative content analysis of transcripts was performed to identify themes. Results Three focus groups were conducted with a total of six participants. Four themes emerged: (i) Facilitators to using the tool, (ii) Barriers to using the tool, (iii) Recommendations for improvement, (iv) Impact of the tool on patient care and safety. Discussion The ROOM Tool paired with the communication tool supports collaboration between pharmacists and primary care providers. The communication tool standardises the approach for communicating the pharmacist’s assessment and recommendations. Recommendations to refine this modified ROOM Tool may increase its utility to primary care providers and enhance the impact on patient care and safety.
Falsos amigos fraseológicos
Authors: Gutiérrez Pérez Regina , Larreta Zulategui Juan Pablo
Published: July 2023

Abstracta

En este estudio pretendemos establecer una serie de criterios para comparar falsos amigos fraseológicos y comprobar a continuación su validez mediante la recogida y análisis de un conjunto de datos empíricos obtenidos a partir de una prueba de traducción repartida a hablantes con dos combinaciones lingüísticas (inglés-español y español-alemán).

El análisis es un primer acercamiento práctico al fenómeno e intenta hallar indicios de si se da más allá de un par de lenguas concretas. Para ello, se establece, de acuerdo con su naturaleza, un tertium comparationis tanto para analizar la identidad o similitud entre locuciones idiomáticas del español, inglés y alemán en el plano formal como para analizar su simultánea falta de equivalencia en el plano del contenido.

Presentamos evidencia empírica de que las interferencias semánticas conocidas como falsos amigos tienen lugar en el campo del lenguaje figurado y, más concretamente, de las locuciones idiomáticas.
Wear and corrosion of CoCrFeNiMnTix high entropy alloy coatings by laser cladding
Authors: Wang D.C. , Wu C.L. , Zhang S. , Zhang C.H. , Zhang D.X. , Sun X.Y.
Published: July 2023

CoCrFeNiMnTi x ( x = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 in atomic ratio) high entropy alloy (HEA) coatings were prepared on 304 stainless steel by laser cladding. Experimental results showed that the CoCrFeNiMnTi x HEAs constituent phase evolved from a single FCC phase for the HEA to FCC + BCC + Intermetallic + Laves phases with the addition of Ti element. The CoCrFeNiMnTi x coatings exhibited an increasing microhardness from 412.42 HV to 573.97 HV. Accompanying the increase in microhardness, the wear resistance was proportional to the hardness of the coating, which met Archard's relationship. In addition, the corrosion resistance of the CoCrFeNiMnTi x coatings displayed an increased tendency firstly and then decreased with the addition of Ti element. And, the HEA coating with x = 1.0 possessed the highest corrosion resistance as indicated by the lower corrosion current density, high charge transfer resistance and high pitting potential.
Oiling the wheels of nuclear division: SUMOylation regulates the expansion of the mitotic nuclear membrane
Authors: Siniossoglou Symeon
Published: July 2023

Eukaryotic cell division involves the segregation of chromosomes between two daughter cells and must be coordinated with extensive rearrangement of their nuclear envelopes. In this issue, Saik et al. (2023 J. Cell Biol. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202208137) show that a SUMOylation cascade at the inner nuclear membrane elevates the levels of phosphatidic acid, a key phospholipid precursor, to support the need for nuclear membrane expansion during mitosis.
Perspectives on instrumentation development for chemical species tomography in reactive-flow diagnosis
Authors: Liu Chang , McCann Hugh , Xu Lijun
Published: July 2023

Chemical species tomography (CST) has been deployed in a wide range of applications in the last two decades for multi-dimensional measurement of gaseous flow fields. CST offers unique capability for spatiotemporally resolved imaging of multiple thermochemical parameters. It is fundamentally robust, highly sensitive, and adaptable to industrial processes and large-scale combustion systems. The instrumentation methods used to implement CST measurements are critical in determining the physical and chemical variables that may be imaged by CST. In this perspective, we have three main objectives: (a) discuss recent advances in CST instruments from the viewpoint of optics and electronics; (b) highlight the on-going challenges for systems to address the ever-increasing requirements on temporal and spatial resolutions; and (c) consider potential developments for next-generation CST instrumentation.
A hybrid method of correcting CBCT for proton range estimation with deep learning and deformable image registration
Authors: Uh Jinsoo , Wang Chuang , Jordan Jacob A , Pirlepesov Fakhriddin , Becksfort Jared B , Ates Ozgur , Krasin Matthew J , Hua Chia-Ho
Published: July 2023

Objective. This study aimed to develop a novel method for generating synthetic CT (sCT) from cone-beam CT (CBCT) of the abdomen/pelvis with bowel gas pockets to facilitate estimation of proton ranges. Approach. CBCT, the same-day repeat CT, and the planning CT (pCT) of 81 pediatric patients were used for training (n = 60), validation (n = 6), and testing (n = 15) of the method. The proposed method hybridizes unsupervised deep learning (CycleGAN) and deformable image registration (DIR) of the pCT to CBCT. The CycleGAN and DIR are respectively applied to generate the geometry-weighted (high spatial-frequency) and intensity-weighted (low spatial-frequency) components of the sCT, thereby each process deals with only the component weighted toward its strength. The resultant sCT is further improved in bowel gas regions and other tissues by iteratively feeding back the sCT to adjust incorrect DIR and by increasing the contribution of the deformed pCT in regions of accurate DIR. Main results. The hybrid sCT was more accurate than deformed pCT and CycleGAN-only sCT as indicated by the smaller mean absolute error in CT numbers (28.7 ± 7.1 HU versus 38.8 ± 19.9 HU/53.2 ± 5.5 HU; P ≤ 0.012) and higher Dice similarity of the internal gas regions (0.722 ± 0.088 versus 0.180 ± 0.098/0.659 ± 0.129; P ≤ 0.002). Accordingly, the hybrid method resulted in more accurate proton range for the beams intersecting gas pockets (11 fields in 6 patients) than the individual methods (the 90th percentile error in 80% distal fall-off, 1.8 ± 0.6 mm versus 6.5 ± 7.8 mm/3.7 ± 1.5 mm; P ≤ 0.013). The gamma passing rates also showed a significant dosimetric advantage by the hybrid method (99.7 ± 0.8% versus 98.4 ± 3.1%/98.3 ± 1.8%; P ≤ 0.007). Significance. The hybrid method significantly improved the accuracy of sCT and showed promises in CBCT-based proton range verification and adaptive replanning of abdominal/pelvic proton therapy even when gas pockets are present in the beam path.