bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long-term cycling stability of a SnS2-based covalent organic nanosheet anode for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Jang Jeong-Hun , Lee Minseop , Park Soohyeon , Oh Jae-Min , Park Jin Kuen , Paek Seung-Min
Published: May 2023

A CON are hybridized with layered SnS2 to improve electrical conductivity and structural stability of SnS2 for lithium ion battery systems. Therefore, the hybrid shows outstanding performances over 5600 charge/discharge cycles.
A MOF vertical array enables continuous ion transport pathways with high throughput
Authors: Wang Shuxian , Li Zhongliang , Shen Fangying , Ruan Zhiqin , Huang Yutong , Liu Yang , Liu Yan , Chen Luyi , Lan Ya-Qian , Zheng Qifeng
Published: May 2023

A MOF vertical array-based composite solid electrolyte with a bilayer polymer structure was developed to construct continuous ion transport pathways with high throughput and the shortest transport distance, enabling high-voltage Li-metal batteries.
Carbon dot decorated Co3O4 nanozymes responsive to the NIR-II window for mild photothermal-enhanced nanocatalytic therapy
Authors: Wang Nan , Dong Tong , Shi Wenjing , Li Li-an , Ye Ming-xia , Fu Xiao-yu , Yan Zhi-feng , Meng Yuan-guang
Published: May 2023

CD@Co3O4 heterojunctions were successfully synthesized to achieve complete tumor eradication by mild NIR-II hyperthermia-amplified nanocatalytic therapy.
Understanding enormous redshifts in highly concentrated Mn2+ phosphors
Authors: van Bunningen Arnoldus J. , Keizer Simon Tobias , Meijerink Andries
Published: May 2023

The enormous redshift observed for luminescence in highly doped Mn2+ phosphors is shown to be not caused by strongly exchange coupled Mn2+-pairs but by energy migration to near-infrared luminescent trap centers.
D–π–A organic dyes derived from the indacenodithiophene core moiety for efficient dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Siddiqui Afzal , Islavath Nanaji , Swetha T. , Singh Surya Prakash
Published: May 2023

Indacenodithiophene-core-based D–π–A-type organic sensitizers with two different donor antennas (triphenylamine and phenothiazine) were designed and synthesized for use as light-harvesting materials in dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) applications.
Multi‐scale cross‐domain alignment for person image generation
Authors: Ma Liyuan , Gao Tingwei , Shen Haibin , Huang Kejie
Published: May 2023

Person image generation aims to generate images that maintain the original human appearance in different target poses. Recent works have revealed that the critical element in achieving this task is the alignment of appearance domain and pose domain. Previous alignment methods, such as appearance flow warping, correspondence learning and cross attention, often encounter challenges when it comes to producing fine texture details. These approaches suffer from limitations in accurately estimating appearance flows due to the lack of global receptive field. Alternatively, they can only perform cross‐domain alignment on high‐level feature maps with small spatial dimensions since the computational complexity increases quadratically with larger feature sizes. In this article, the significance of multi‐scale alignment, in both low‐level and high‐level domains, for ensuring reliable cross‐domain alignment of appearance and pose is demonstrated. To this end, a novel and effective method, named Multi‐scale Cross‐domain Alignment (MCA) is proposed. Firstly, MCA adopts global context aggregation transformer to model multi‐scale interaction between pose and appearance inputs, which employs pair‐wise window‐based cross attention. Furthermore, leveraging the integrated global source information for each target position, MCA applies flexible flow prediction head and point correlation to effectively conduct warping and fusing for final transformed person image generation. Our proposed MCA achieves superior performance on two popular datasets than other methods, which verifies the effectiveness of our approach.
Collaborative optimization strategy of source‐grid‐load‐storage considering dynamic time series complementarity of multiple storages
Authors: Huang Hui , Li Yonggang , Liu Huazhi
Published: May 2023

The multi‐scale flexibility coordination of multiple storages is a key technology to enhance the diversified regulation ability of the power system. This paper first considers the interaction mechanism of multi‐type storage peak regulation time sequences based on the Euclidian distance, dynamic time warping distance, and storage correlation distance. A matching index was proposed to consider the temporal correlation, overall distribution characteristics, and dynamic characteristics of the net load and energy storage. The multitype storage coordination mode, including battery storage, pumped storage, and electric vehicles, was formulated, and a collaborative optimal scheduling system architecture of source‐grid‐load‐storage (SGLS) was constructed. To attain a low‐carbon economy, a collaborative optimal scheduling model of SGLS considering the dynamic time‐series complementarity of multiple energy storage systems was constructed. The Nash equilibrium theory was used to achieve friendly interaction among the source, grid, load, and storage. Then, an improved transfer reinforcement learning algorithm for SGLS was proposed, which used reinforcement learning and transfer learning algorithms combined with K‐means clustering and dual‐structure experience pool technology. The test results of actual regional power grid data indicated that the proposed strategy can effectively reduce the economic and carbon treatment costs of the system and improve the absorption capacity of renewable energy.
Multi‐objectives optimization of parameter design for LLC converter based on data‐driven surrogate model
Authors: Zhou Buxiang , Zhang Miao , Luo Huan , Qiu Yiwei , Chen Shi , Zang Tianlei , Zhou Yi , Zhou Xiang
Published: May 2023

Due to high computation complexity, traditional design methods for LLC converter usually consider limited kinds of performance, and the process for searching the optimal parameter scheme is discrete, which might cause the missing of real optimal solution. In order to solve these problems, a multi‐objectives optimization design method for the LLC converter is proposed in this paper. According to the numerical calculation method, a closed parameter space for resonant parameters is established under the constraints of operation mode, switching frequency, zero voltage switching (ZVS), and voltage stress of resonant capacitor. Besides, the root‐mean‐square (RMS) value of resonant current and secondary current, as well as the core loss of the transformer, are selected as the optimization objectives. Non‐dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA‐II) is utilized to deal with these multi‐objective formulations. In order to reduce the computation complexity, a data‐driven method, called adaptive polynomial approximation (APA), is selected to obtain the explicit expressions of the parameter space and the optimization objectives. Then, by substituting this simplified surrogate model into the NSGA‐II algorithm, the optimal parameter scheme is obtained. The comprehensive comparison analysis is performed, and a 400 W/48 V experimental prototype was built to verify the theoretical analysis, which shows that the proposed method features the highest efficiency of 95%.
Wide-field CO isotopologue emission and the CO-to-H2 factor across the nearby spiral galaxy M101
Authors: den Brok Jakob S. , Bigiel Frank , Chastenet Jérémy , Sandstrom Karin , Leroy Adam , Usero Antonio , Schinnerer Eva , Rosolowsky Erik W. , Koch Eric W. , Chiang I-Da , Barnes Ashley T. , Puschnig Johannes , Saito Toshiki , Bešlić Ivana , Chevance Melanie , Dale Daniel A. , Eibensteiner Cosima , Glover Simon , Jiménez-Donaire María J. , Teng Yu-Hsuan , Williams Thomas G.
Published: May 2023

Carbon monoxide (CO) emission constitutes the most widely used tracer of the bulk molecular gas in the interstellar medium (ISM) in extragalactic studies. The CO-to-H2 conversion factor, α12CO(1−0), links the observed CO emission to the total molecular gas mass. However, no single prescription perfectly describes the variation of α12CO(1−0) across all environments within and across galaxies as a function of metallicity, molecular gas opacity, line excitation, and other factors. Using spectral line observations of CO and its isotopologues mapped across a nearby galaxy, we can constrain the molecular gas conditions and link them to a variation in α12CO(1−0). Here, we present new, wide-field (10 × 10 arcmin2) IRAM 30-m telescope 1 mm and 3 mm line observations of 12CO, 13CO, and C18O across the nearby, grand-design, spiral galaxy M101. From the CO isotopologue line ratio analysis alone, we find that selective nucleosynthesis and changes in the opacity are the main drivers of the variation in the line emission across the galaxy. In a further analysis step, we estimated α12CO(1−0) using different approaches, including (i) via the dust mass surface density derived from far-IR emission as an independent tracer of the total gas surface density and (ii) local thermal equilibrium (LTE) based measurements using the optically thin 13CO(1–0) intensity. We find an average value of ⟨α12CO(1 − 0)⟩ = 4.4  ±  0.9 M⊙ pc−2 (K km s−1)−1 across the disk of the galaxy, with a decrease by a factor of 10 toward the 2 kpc central region. In contrast, we find LTE-based α12CO(1−0) values are lower by a factor of 2–3 across the disk relative to the dust-based result. Accounting for α12CO(1−0) variations, we found significantly reduced molecular gas depletion time by a factor 10 in the galaxy’s center. In conclusion, our result suggests implications for commonly derived scaling relations, such as an underestimation of the slope of the Kennicutt Schmidt law, if α12CO(1−0) variations are not accounted for.
Wapiti: A data-driven approach to correct for systematics in RV data
Authors: Ould-Elhkim M. , Moutou C. , Donati J.-F. , Artigau É. , Fouqué P. , Cook N.J. , Carmona A. , Cristofari P. I. , Martioli E. , Debras F. , Dumusque X. , Martins J. H. C. , Hébrard G. , Cadieux C. , Delfosse X. , Doyon R. , Klein B. , Gomes da Silva J. , Forveille T. , Hood T. , Charpentier P.
Published: May 2023

Context. Recent advances in the development of precise radial velocity (RV) instruments in the near-infrared (near-IR) domain, such as SPIRou, have facilitated the study of M-type stars to more effectively characterize planetary systems. However, the near-IR presents unique challenges in exoplanet detection due to various sources of planet-independent signals which can result in systematic errors in the RV data.

Aims. In order to address the challenges posed by the detection of exoplanetary systems around M-type stars using near-IR observations, we introduced a new data-driven approach for correcting systematic errors in RV data. The effectiveness of this method is demonstrated through its application to the star GJ 251.

Methods. Our proposed method, Weighted principAl comPonent reconsTructIon (referred to as Wapiti), used a dataset of per-line RV time series generated by the line-by-line (LBL) algorithm and employed a weighted Principal Component Analysis (wPCA) to reconstruct the original RV time series. A multistep process was employed to determine the appropriate number of components, with the ultimate goal of subtracting the wPCA reconstruction of the per-line RV time series from the original data in order to correct systematic errors.

Results. The application of Wapiti to GJ 251 successfully eliminated spurious signals from the RV time series and enabled the first detection in the near-IR of GJ 251b, a known temperate super-Earth with an orbital period of 14.2 days. This demonstrates that, even when systematics in SPIRou data are unidentified, it is still possible to effectively address them and fully realize the instrument’s capability for exoplanet detection. Additionally, in contrast to the use of optical RVs, this detection did not require us to filter stellar activity, highlighting a key advantage of near-IR RV measurements.
Digitalisierung in der Rinderpraxis – Ergebnisse einer
Online-Umfrage in Österreich
Authors: Pospischil Claudia , Palluch Andreas , Iwersen Michael , Drillich Marc
Published: May 2023

Gegenstand und Ziel Die Nutzung digitaler Technologien nimmt in der
modernen Nutztierhaltung und Nutztierpraxis weiter zu. Ziel der vorliegenden
Online-Umfrage unter österreichischen Nutztierpraktikern war es, mehr
über die Akzeptanz und Nutzung digitaler (Sensor-)Technologien zu
erfahren.

Material und Methoden Der Link zur Umfrage wurde von den
österreichischen Tiergesundheitsdiensten per E-Mail an die
Mitgliedstierärzte versandt. Insgesamt nahmen 115 Tierärzte an
der Umfrage teil.

Ergebnisse Die meisten Teilnehmer waren der Überzeugung, dass die
Digitalisierung Verbesserungen für ihr Arbeitsleben hinsichtlich
Wirtschaftlichkeit, Zeitersparnis, Zusammenarbeit mit Kollegen und
Arbeitseffizienz mit sich bringt. Die Zustimmungswerte lagen zwischen 60 und
79%. Andererseits wurden auch Bedenken zur Datensicherheit (41%)
genannt. Die Frage, ob sie Landwirten Sensor-Systeme in der Tierhaltung
empfehlen würden, bejahten etwa 45% der Teilnehmer, 36%
verneinten sie, 19% waren unentschieden. Aus einer Reihe vorgegebener
Sensoren und Technologien wurden als hilfreich für die Tiergesundheit
die Überwachung mittels Kameras (68%), automatische
Kraftfutter-Systeme (63%) sowie Sensoren zur Aktivitätserkennung
(61%) genannt. Zur Beurteilung des Gesundheitsstatus der Tiere
würde eine Mehrheit (58%) eher konventionellen Methoden
vertrauen. Von den Landwirten überlassene Daten werden genutzt, um
Patienten- und Krankheitsverläufe besser zu verstehen (67%) und
Dokumentationspflichten nachzukommen (28%). Die Zustimmung der
Teilnehmer zu einer telemedizinischen Praxis lag auf einer Skala von 1 bis 100
bei 20 (Median); der Median nahm zum Ende der Umfrage auf 4 ab.

Schlussfolgerungen Die befragten Tierärzte sahen Vorteile in der
Nutzung digitaler Technologien sowohl für ihren Arbeitsalltag als auch
zur Verbesserung des Tiergesundheitsmanagements. In einigen Bereichen waren
jedoch deutliche Vorbehalte festzustellen. Ein telemedizinisches Angebot schien
für die Mehrheit der Teilnehmer nicht relevant zu sein.

Klinische Relevanz Die Ergebnisse sollen dazu dienen, Themen zu
identifizieren, zu denen Informations- oder Diskussionsbedarf besteht und ein
Meinungsbild zu erfassen, dass auch für die sich wandelnden
Zusammenarbeit zwischen Landwirten und Tierärzten relevant sein
könnte.
Zusammenhänge zwischen metabolischen Profilen und 4
Bestandsbetreuung-Scores bei Milchkühen: Statistische Analyse anhand
eines additiven Bayesian Netzwerkes
Authors: Hässig Michael , Hanimann Annina , Lewis Frazer , Hartnack Sonja
Published: May 2023

Gegenstand und Ziel Die vorliegende Arbeit hatte das Ziel, mit Hilfe eines
Bayesian Netzwerkes den Zusammenhang zwischen metabolischen Profilen und
verschiedenen, in der Bestandsbetreuung von Milchkühen
üblicherweise gebrauchten Scores zu objektivieren. Es wurde untersucht,
ob zwischen den metabolischen Blutprofilen und dem Body Condition Score (BCS),
dem Rumen Filling Score (RFS), dem Faeces Condition Score (FCS) und dem
Undigested Fraction Score (UFS) auf Herdenbasis ein Zusammenhang besteht und ob
die Bestandsscores das metabolische Profil zu ersetzen vermögen.

Material und Methoden Mittels blutchemischer Untersuchungen wurden von
jeweils mindestens 10 Milchkühen aus 10 Betrieben, insgesamt 106 Proben,
ein metabolisches Profil in den verschiedenen Leistungssphasen erstellt. Diese
wurden oben angeführten Scores bei denselben Kühen
gegenübergestellt. Aus den Daten wurde ein additives Bayesian Netzwerk
erstellt.

Ergebnisse Im additiven Bayesian Netzwerk war ersichtlich, dass die
Glukosekonzentration im Blut direkt auf die Kotkonsistenz (FCS) einwirkte. Es
bestand eine Einwirkung des β-Hydroxybutyrat (BHB) auf die freien
Fettsäuren (FFS). Der Harnstoff beeinflusste Phosphor im Blut wie auch
die Glutamat-Oxalacetat-Transaminase (GOT). Der Harnstoff beeinflusste auch
Kalzium im Blut und dieses dann Magnesium im Blut. Ein Zusammenhang des RFS mit
dem BCS und einer erhöhten Leberaktivität wurde festgestellt.
Die Glutathionperoxidase (GSH-Px), welche als Parameter für die
Selenversorgung des Rindes herangezogen wird, hatte keinen signifikanten
Zusammenhang mit den anderen gemessenen Parametern. Die GSH-Px und UFS standen
isoliert im Modell.

Schlussfolgerung Durch die Anwendung eines multidimensionalen Modells,
speziell eines additiven Bayesian Netzwerks, konnten Zusammenhänge
zwischen Parametern von metabolischen Profilen und 4 Scoring-Systemen der
Bestandsbetreuung von Milchkühen offengelegt werden. Mit diesen
Zusammenhängen können die untersuchten 4 Scoring-Systeme
effektiver in der Bestandsbetreuung eingesetzt werden.

Klinische Relevanz Es bestehen Zusammenhänge zwischen
metabolischen Profilen und Gesundheitsscores. Letztere sind schneller
verfügbar und kostengünstiger. Bei Milchkühen mit
metabolischen Erkrankungen oder Fruchtbarkeitsstörungen ersetzt das
Scoring eine detaillierte Auswertung mittels metabolischer Profile nicht.
Neue Arzneimittel für Großtiere 2022
Authors: Emmerich Ilka Ute
Published: May 2023

Im Jahr 2022 kam für Pferde und landwirtschaftliche Nutztiere ein neuer
Wirkstoff auf den deutschen Tierarzneimittelmarkt. So steht erstmalig
für Pferde eine Injektionssuspension mit tenogen geprimten allogenen,
aus peripherem Blut gewonnenen mesenchymalen Stammzellen von Pferden zur
Verfügung (RenuTend®). Ein Wirkstoff erhielt eine
Tierartenerweiterung. So wurde das synthetische Prostaglandin
F2α-Analogon Cloprostenol
(Syncroprost®) auch für Ziegen zugelassen.
Außerdem kamen für 2 Wirkstoffe (Paracetamol, Suxibuzon)
Arzneimittel mit einem höheren Wirkstoffgehalt für Pferde und
landwirtschaftliche Nutztiere auf den Markt.
Telemedizin in der rehabilitativen Nachsorge von Frauen mit Brustkrebs
Authors: Tokgöz Pinar , Dockweiler Christoph
Published: May 2023

Hintergrund Brustkrebs ist die bedeutendste Krebserkrankung bei Frauen. Die tumor- und therapiebedingten Folgen führen zu einer langfristigen Beeinträchtigung der Funktionsfähigkeit. Der nachhaltige Transfer rehabilitativer Erfolge in den Alltag stellt eine Herausforderung für alle Akteure des Systems dar. Der Einsatz von Telemedizin erscheint vor diesem Hintergrund als eine Möglichkeit, das in der Rehabilitation Erreichte im Alltag langfristig zu stabilisieren. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Übersicht ist es die Evidenz von telemedizinischen Nachsorgeangeboten bei Frauen mit Brustkrebs darzulegen und die Wirksamkeit auf verschiedenen Ebenen der Funktionsfähigkeit herauszuarbeiten.

Methodik Es erfolgte eine systematische Suche nach deutsch- oder englischsprachigen randomisiert kontrollierten Studien zur Wirksamkeit von telemedizinischen rehabilitativen Nachsorgeangeboten für Frauen mit Brustkrebs in den Fachdatenbanken PubMed und The Cochrane Library im Zeitraum April bis Mai 2020 und einer Aktualisierung der Suche im August 2020.

Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden 11 relevante Publikationen zu 10 Interventionsstudien identifiziert. Es wurde keine Studie aus Deutschland gefunden. Es fanden sich Studien für die Bereiche psychosoziale Interventionen und Interventionen zur Lebensstilveränderung. Hinsichtlich der untersuchten Zielvariablen sind vor dem Hintergrund der heterogenen Studienlage in einzelnen Parametern (therapieinduzierte Wechseljahresbeschwerden, Fatigue, Schlaffunktionen, Adhärenz) Hinweise auf positive Effekte zugunsten der Intervention festzustellen. Für einen Teil der Parameter (mentale Funktionen bzw. emotionale und kognitive Funktionen, gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität) kann jedoch keine ausreichende und belastbare Evidenz zur Wirksamkeit konstatiert werden.

Schussfolgerungen Die Ergebnisse betonen den Bedarf der stärkeren Evidenzbasierung von telemedizinischen Angeboten zur rehabilitativen Nachsorge der Frauen mit Brustkrebs. Zur Absicherung der Befundlage sind randomisiert kontrollierte Studien im deutschen Versorgungskontext erforderlich.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Stillbirth among Pregnant Women with Obesity
Authors: Dongarwar Deepa , Ajewole Veronica , Spooner Kiara K. , Tran Vincent , Adebusuyi Tolulope , Onyenaka Collins , Bakare Oluwatoyin , Emeh Clinton , Baines Kameren , Boua Danielle , Mossi Yhenew , Egbejimi Anuoluwapo , Ibrahim Samira , Olaleye Omonike , Salihu Hamisu M.
Published: May 2023

Objective The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between obesity and risk of stillbirth among pregnant women with obesity in the United States, with a focus on racial and ethnic disparities.

Study Design We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of birth and fetal data from the 2014 to 2019 National Vital Statistics System (N = 14,938,384 total births) to examine associations between maternal body mass index (BMI) and risk of stillbirth. Cox's proportional hazards regression model was used to compute adjusted hazard ratios (HR) as a measure of risk of stillbirth in relation to maternal BMI.

Results The stillbirth rate was 6.70 per 1,000 births among women with prepregnancy obesity, while the stillbirth rate among women with a normal (nonobese) prepregnancy BMI was 3.85 per 1,000 births. The risk of stillbirth was greater among women with obesity compared with women without obesity (HR: 1.39; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.37–1.41). Compared with non-Hispanic (NH) Whites, women identifying as NH-other (HR: 1.66; 95% CI: 1.61–1.72) and NH-Black (HR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.26–1.35) were at higher risk of stillbirth, while Hispanic women had a decreased likelihood of stillbirth (HR: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.37–0.40).

Conclusion Obesity is a modifiable risk factor for stillbirth. Public health awareness campaigns and strategies targeting weight management in women of reproductive age and racial/ethnic populations at highest risk for stillbirth, are needed.

Key Points
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 Antibody Status at the Time of Delivery and the Risk of Preeclampsia
Authors: Portmann-Baracco Arianna S. , Alcorta-Proaño Rodrigo G. , Nuñez-Mochizaki Claudia , Webb Camille M. , Trelles Juan , Caparo Carlos , La Rosa Mauricio F.
Published: May 2023

Objective Our objective was to evaluate the association between severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) serologic status in immunologically naive patients and the risk of preeclampsia at the time of delivery.

Study Design We conducted a retrospective cohort study of pregnant patients admitted to our institution from August 1 to September 30, 2020. We recorded maternal medical and obstetric characteristics and SARS-CoV-2 serologic status. Our primary outcome was the incidence of preeclampsia. Antibody testing was performed, and patients were classified into seropositive groups: immunoglobulin (Ig)G + , IgM + , or both IgG+ and IgM + . Bivariate and multivariable analyses were performed.

Results We included 275 patients that were negative for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, and 165 that were positive. Seropositivity was not associated with higher rates of preeclampsia (p = 0.183) or with preeclampsia with severe features (p = 0.916) even after adjusting for maternal age >35, BMI ≥ 30, nulliparity, and previous history of preeclampsia, and type of serologic status. Previous preeclampsia had the greatest association with the development of preeclampsia (odds ratio [OR] = 13.40; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.98–36.09; p <  0.05) and with preeclampsia with severe features (OR = 5.46; 95% CI: 1.65–18.02; p < 0.05).

Conclusion We found that in an obstetric population, there was no association between SARS-CoV-2 antibody status and the risk of preeclampsia.

Key Points
Predictors of long-term outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection of early gastric neoplasia in the West: a multicenter study
Authors: Bhandari Pradeep , Abdelrahim Mohamed , Alkandari Asma A. , Galtieri Piera Alessia , Spadaccini Marco , Groth Stefan , Pilonis Nastazja D. , Subhramaniam Sharmila , Kandiah Kesavan , Hossain Ejaz , Arndtz Sophie , Bassett Paul , Siggens Katie , Htet Hein , Maselli Roberta , Kaminski Michal F. , Seewald Stefan , Repici Alessandro
Published: May 2023

Background This study aimed to determine long-term outcomes of gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in Western settings based on the latest Japanese indication criteria, and to examine predictors of outcomes and complications.

Methods Data were collected from consecutive patients undergoing gastric ESD at four participating centers from 2009 to 2021. Retrospective analysis using logistic regression and survival analysis was performed.

Results 415 patients were included (mean age 71.7 years; 56.4 % male). Absolute indication criteria (2018 guideline) were met in 75.3 % of patients. Median follow-up was 52 months. Post-resection histology was adenocarcinoma, high grade dysplasia, and low grade dysplasia in 49.9 %, 22.7 %, and 17.1 %, respectively. Perforation, early and delayed bleeding occurred in 2.4 %, 4.3 %, and 3.4 %, respectively. Rates of en bloc and R0 resection, and recurrence on first endoscopic follow-up were 94.7 %, 83.4 %, and 2.7 %, respectively. Relative indication (2018 guideline) for ESD was associated with R1 outcome (P = 0.02). Distal location (P = 0.002) and increased procedure time (P = 0.04) were associated with bleeding, and scarring (P = 0.009) and increased procedure duration (P = 0.003) were associated with perforation. Recurrence-free survival at 2 and 5 years was 94 % and 83 %, respectively.

Conclusion This is the largest Western multicenter cohort and suggests that gastric ESD is safe and effective in the Western setting. A quarter of patients fell outside the new absolute indications for ESD, suggesting that Western practice involves more advanced lesions. We identified the predictors of complications, which should help to inform future Western practice and research.
Early versus late endoscopic treatment of pancreatic necrotic collections: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kamal Faisal , Khan Muhammad Ali , Lee-Smith Wade M. , Sharma Sachit , Acharya Ashu , Faggen Alec E , Farooq Umer , Tarar Zahid I , Aziz Muhammad , Baron Todd
Published: May 2023

Background and study aims Recently studies have compared early (<4 weeks) vs. late or standard (>4 weeks) endoscopic treatment of pancreatic necrotic collections (PNC) and have reported favorable results for early treatment. In this meta-analysis, we compared the efficacy and safety of early vs. late endoscopic treatment of PNC.

Patients and methods We reviewed several databases from inception to September 30, 2021 to identify studies that compared early with late endoscopic treatment of PNC. Our outcomes of interest were adverse events (AEs), resolution of PNC, performance of direct endoscopic necrosectomy, need for further interventions, and mean number of endoscopic necrosectomy sessions. We calculated pooled risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for categorical variables and mean differences (MDs) with 95% CIs for continuous variables. Data were analyzed by random effect model. Heterogeneity was assessed by I2 statistic.

Results We included four studies with 427 patients. We found no significant difference in rates of AEs, RR (95% CI) 1.70 (range, 0.56–5.20), resolution of necrotic or fluid collections, RR (95% CI) 0.89 (range, 0.71–1.11), need for further interventions, RR (95% CI) 1.47 (range, 0.70–3.08), direct necrosectomy, RR (95% CI) 1.39 (range, 0.22–8.80), mortality, RR (95% CI) 2.37 (range, 0.26–21.72) and mean number of endoscopic necrosectomy sessions, MD (95% CI) 1.58 (range,–0.20–3.36) between groups.

Conclusions Early endoscopic treatment of PNC can be considered for indications such as infected necrosis or sterile necrosis with symptoms or complications; however, future large multicenter studies are required to further evaluate its safety.
Recent Advances in Dual Triplet Ketone/Transition-Metal Catalysis
Authors: Gevorgyan Vladimir , Iziumchenko Valeriia
Published: May 2023

Dual light-excited ketone/transition-metal catalysis is a rapidly developing field of photochemistry. It allows for versatile functionalizations of C–H or C–X bonds enabled by triplet ketone acting as a hydrogen-atom-abstracting agent, a single-electron acceptor, or a photosensitizer. This review summarizes recent developments of synthetically useful transformations promoted by the synergy between triplet ketone and transition-metal catalysis.

1 Introduction

2 Triplet Ketone Catalysis via Hydrogen Atom Transfer

2.1 Triplet Ketones with Nickel Catalysis

2.2 Triplet Ketones with Copper Catalysis

2.3 Triplet Ketones with Other Transition-Metal Catalysis

3 Triplet Ketone Catalysis via Single-Electron Transfer

4 Triplet Ketone Catalysis via Energy Transfer

5 Conclusions
Epley versus Semont Maneuver in the Treatment of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo
Authors: Muthu Aravind Karuppan , Bongale Kiran Ravindranath , Bhat Vikram Kemmannu
Published: May 2023

Introduction Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is characterized by brief but violent attacks of paroxysmal vertigo provoked by certain positions of the head. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of Epley and Semont maneuvers for the relief of vertigo in posterior semicircular canal BPPV.

Materials and Methods This was a prospective comparative study conducted in a tertiary referral hospital over 1 year. Among 70 cases of BPPV, 35 were treated with Epley and 35 with Semont maneuver. Follow-up was done at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months to assess symptomatic improvement using visual analogue scale.

Results Out of 70 patients of BPPV, 62 patients responded very well to the maneuvers and got relief from vertigo. Thirty-two patients (91.4%) in the Epley group and 30 (85.7%) patients in the Semont group had a significant improvement post-therapy and the balance was the same in both groups. At 1 month, there was no significant statistical difference in mean visual analogue score (VAS) score between both groups.

Conclusion Majority of cases showed symptomatic improvement with both maneuvers. However, patients treated with Epley maneuver showed earlier relief from vertigo than those treated with the Semont maneuver.
History Page: Leaders in MSK Radiology Augusto Pellegrini, 1877–1958
Authors: Vanhoenacker Filip M. , Bazzocchi Alberto , Guglielmi Giuseppe
Published: May 2023

This history page in the series “Leaders in MSK Radiology” is dedicated to the memory and achievements of the Italian surgeon Augusto Pellegrini, whose name is partially associated with the medical eponym Pellegrini-Stieda disease.
Imaging of the Diabetic Foot
Authors: Garcia-Diez Ana Isabel , Tomas Batlle Xavier , Perissinotti Andrés , Isern-Kebschull Jaime , Del Amo Montserrat , Soler Juan Carlos , Bartolome Alvaro , Bencardino Jenny Teresa
Published: May 2023

Diabetic foot complications are increasingly prevalent in the world, leading to significant morbidity and driving up associated health care costs. Complex pathophysiology and suboptimal specificity of current imaging modalities have made diagnosis challenging, mainly in the evaluation of superimposed foot infection to underlying arthropathy or other marrow lesions. Recent advances in radiology and nuclear medicine have the potential to streamline the assessment of diabetic foot complications. But we must be aware of the specific strengths and weaknesses of each modality, and their applications. This review offers a comprehensive approach to the spectrum of diabetic foot complications and their imaging appearances in conventional and advanced imaging studies, including optimal technical considerations for each technique. Advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques are highlighted, illustrating their complementary role to conventional MRI, in particular their potential impact in avoiding additional studies.
Bone Stress Injuries at the Ankle and Foot
Authors: Jungmann Pia M. , Schaeffeler Christoph
Published: May 2023

Bone stress injuries (BSIs) are a frequent finding in athletes, particularly of the foot and ankle. A BSI is caused by recurring microtrauma to the cortical or trabecular bone exceeding the repair capacity of normal bone. The most frequent fractures at the ankle are low risk, characterized by a low risk for nonunion. These include the posteromedial tibia, the calcaneus, and the metatarsal diaphysis. High-risk stress fractures have a higher risk for nonunion and need more aggressive treatment. Examples are the medial malleolus, navicular bone, and the base of the second and fifth metatarsal bone.

Imaging features depend on the primary involvement of cortical versus trabecular bone. Conventional radiographs may remain normal up to 2 to 3 weeks. For cortical bone, early signs of BSIs are a periosteal reaction or the “gray cortex sign,” followed by cortical thickening and fracture line depiction. In trabecular bone, a sclerotic dense line may be seen. Magnetic resonance imaging enables early detection of BSIs and can differentiate between a stress reaction and a fracture. We review typical anamnestic/clinical findings, epidemiology and risk factors, imaging characteristics, and findings at typical locations of BSIs at the foot and ankle that may help guide treatment strategy and patient recovery.
Don't Miss Me: Midfoot Sprains, A Point-of-Care Review
Authors: Koetser Inge C.J. , Espinosa Hernández Enrique A. , Kerkhoffs Prof. dr. Gino M.M.J. , Goedegebuure Simon , Smithuis Frank F. , Maas Prof. dr. Mario
Published: May 2023

Athletes practicing high-contact sports are exposed to an increased risk of midfoot injuries, namely midtarsal sprains. The complexity of reaching an accurate diagnosis is clearly depicted in the reported incidence of midtarsal sprains, ranging from 5% to 33% of ankle inversion injuries. Because the focus of the treating physician and physical therapist is on lateral stabilizing structures, midtarsal sprains are missed at initial evaluation in up to 41% of patients, with delayed treatment as a result.

Detecting acute midtarsal sprains requires a high degree of clinical awareness. Radiologists must become familiar with the characteristic imaging findings of normal and pathologic midfoot anatomy to avoid adverse outcomes such as pain and instability. In this article we describe Chopart joint anatomy, mechanisms of midtarsal sprains, clinical importance, and key imaging findings with a focus on magnetic resonance imaging. A team effort is essential to provide optimal care for the injured athlete.
Silicon anisotropy in a bi-dimensional optomechanical cavity
Authors: Kersul Cauê M. , Benevides Rodrigo , Moraes Flávio , de Aguiar Gabriel H. M. , Wallucks Andreas , Gröblacher Simon , Wiederhecker Gustavo S. , Mayer Alegre Thiago P.
Published: May 2023

In this work, we study the effects of mechanical anisotropy in a 2D optomechanical crystal geometry. We fabricate and measure devices with different orientations, showing the dependence of the mechanical spectrum and the optomechanical coupling on the relative angle of the device to the crystallography directions of silicon. Our results show that the device orientation strongly affects its mechanical band structure, which makes the devices more susceptible to orientation fabrication imperfections. Finally, we show that our device is compatible with cryogenic measurements, reaching a ground state occupancy of 0.25 phonons at mK temperature.
Systematic discovery of transcription factors that improve hPSC-derived cardiomyocyte maturation via temporal analysis of bioengineered cardiac tissues
Authors: Kumar Aditya , He Starry , Mali Prashant
Published: May 2023

Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) have the potential to become powerful tools for disease modeling, drug testing, and transplantation; however, their immaturity limits their applications. Transcription factor (TF) overexpression can improve hPSC-CM maturity, but identifying these TFs has been elusive. Toward this, we establish here an experimental framework for systematic identification of maturation enhancing factors. Specifically, we performed temporal transcriptome RNAseq analyses of progressively matured hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes across 2D and 3D differentiation systems and further compared these bioengineered tissues to native fetal and adult-derived tissues. These analyses revealed 22 TFs whose expression did not increase in 2D differentiation systems but progressively increased in 3D culture systems and adult mature cell types. Individually overexpressing each of these TFs in immature hPSC-CMs identified five TFs (KLF15, ZBTB20, ESRRA, HOPX, and CAMTA2) as regulators of calcium handling, metabolic function, and hypertrophy. Notably, the combinatorial overexpression of KLF15, ESRRA, and HOPX improved all three maturation parameters simultaneously. Taken together, we introduce a new TF cocktail that can be used in solo or in conjunction with other strategies to improve hPSC-CM maturation and anticipate that our generalizable methodology can also be implemented to identify maturation-associated TFs for other stem cell progenies.
Limits of solutions to the Aw-Rascle traffic flow model with generalized Chaplygin gas by flux approximation
Authors: Zhang Yu , Fan Shuai
Published: May 2023

The Riemann problem for the Aw-Rascle (AR) traffic flow model with a double parameter perturbation containing flux and generalized Chaplygin gas is first solved. Then, we show that the delta-shock solution of the perturbed AR model converges to that of the original AR model as the flux perturbation vanishes alone. Particularly, it is proved that as the flux perturbation and pressure decrease, the classical solution of the perturbed system involving a shock wave and a contact discontinuity will first converge to a critical delta shock wave of the perturbed system itself and only later to the delta-shock solution of the pressureless gas dynamics (PGD) model. This formation mechanism is interesting and innovative in the study of the AR model. By contrast, any solution containing a rarefaction wave and a contact discontinuity tends to a two-contact-discontinuity solution of the PGD model, and the nonvacuum intermediate state in between tends to a vacuum state. Finally, some representatively numerical results consistent with the theoretical analysis are presented.
Tracking the thermal dynamics of Ti3C2Tx MXene with XPS and two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy
Authors: Eom Wonsik , Shin Hwansoo , Han Tae Hee
Published: May 2023

MXenes are a class of two-dimensional materials with potential applications in the fields such as thermal management and high-temperature materials. In this study, the transitions of Ti3C2Tx MXene are investigated during thermal annealing via x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy. The thermal evolution of MXene samples occurs as two distinct processes in different temperature regions: process I (from 25 to 500 °C) and process II (from 500 to 777 °C). In process I, the terminal groups of MXene are reduced, and fluorine (–F) terminal groups are released. Four different pathways are identified with C–Ti–O and C–C as probable final products. In process II, the reaction resulting in the removal of –F species and decomposition of the Ti3C2 region in the MXene is observed. These results provide insight into the thermal decomposition behavior of Ti3C2Tx MXene, which can assist in the design of MXene-based materials with specific functionalities.
Trade-off and chaotic dynamics of prey–predator system with two discrete
delays
Authors: Bhargava Masoom , Sajan  , Dubey Balram
Published: May 2023

In our ecological system, prey species can defend themselves by casting strong and effective defenses against predators, which can slow down the growth rate of prey. Predator has more at stake when pursuing a deadly prey than just the chance of missing the meal. Prey have to “trade off” between reproduction rate and safety and whereas, predator have to “trade off” between food and safety. In this article, we investigate the trade-off dynamics of both predator and prey when the predator attacks a dangerous prey. We propose a two-dimensional prey and predator model considering the logistic growth rate of prey and Holling type-2 functional response to reflect predator’s successful attacks. We examine the cost of fear to reflect the trade-off dynamics of prey, and we modify the predator’s mortality rate by introducing a new function that reflects the potential loss of predator as a result of an encounter with dangerous prey. We demonstrated that our model displays bi-stability and undergoes transcritical bifurcation, saddle node bifurcation, Hopf bifurcation, and Bogdanov–Taken bifurcations. To explore the intriguing trade-off dynamics of both prey and predator population, we investigate the effects of our critical parameters on both population and observed that either each population vanishes simultaneously or the predator vanishes depending on the value of the handling time of the predator. We determined the handling time threshold upon which dynamics shift, demonstrating the illustration of how predators risk their own health from hazardous prey for food. We have conducted a sensitivity analysis with regard to each parameter. We further enhanced our model by including fear response delay and gestation delay. Our delay differential equation system is chaotic in terms of fear response delay, which is evidenced by the positivity of maximum Lyapunov exponent. We have used numerical analysis to verify our theoretical conclusions, which include the influence of vital parameters on our model through bifurcation analysis. In addition, we used numerical simulations to showcase the bistability between co-existence equilibrium and prey only equilibrium with their basins of attraction. The results that are reported in this article might be useful in interpreting the biological insights gained from studying the interactions between prey and predator.
Metrology of infrared superconducting bolometers with a backshort
Authors: Rostem K. , Brown A. D. , Colazo Petit F. A. , Kent R. A. , Kutyrev A. S. , Lebair S. W. , Sharp E. H. , Wollack E. J.
Published: May 2023

We present the detailed metrology of a superconducting Transition-Edge Sensor (TES) absorber-coupled bolometer array bonded to a variable-delay backshort to form an integral field unit. The backshort is shaped as a wedge to continuously vary the electrical phase delay of the bolometer absorber reflective termination across the array. This resonant absorber termination structure is used to define a spectral response over a 4:1 bandwidth in the far-infrared, from ∼30 to 120 μm. The metrology of the backshort-bolometer array hybrid was achieved with a laser confocal microscope and a compact cryogenic system that provides a well-defined thermal (radiative and conductive) environment for the hybrid when cooled to ∼10 K. The results show the backshort free-space delays do not change with cooling. The estimated backshort slope is 1.58 milli-radians and within 0.3% of the targeted value. The sources of error in the free-space delay of the hybrid and optical cryogenic metrology implementations are discussed in detail. We also present measurements of the bolometer’s single-crystal silicon membrane topography. The membranes deform and deflect out-of-plane under both warm and cold conditions. Intriguingly, the optically active area of the membranes tends to flatten when cold and repeatably achieve the same mechanical state over many thermal cycles; hence, no evidence for thermally-induced mechanical instability is observed. Most of the cold deformation is sourced from thermally-induced stress in the metallic layers comprising the TES element of the bolometer pixels. These results provide important considerations for the design of ultra-low-noise TES bolometers.
Spin–orbit effects on the electronic and optical properties of lead iodide
Authors: Lee Woncheol , Lyu Zhengyang , Li Zidong , Deotare Parag B. , Kioupakis Emmanouil
Published: May 2023

Lead iodide (PbI2) has gained much interest due to its direct electronic gap in the visible range and layered crystal structure. It has thereby been considered as a promising material for applications in atomically thin optoelectronic devices. In this work, we present a detailed investigation of the effect of spin–orbit coupling (SOC) that arises from the presence of heavy atoms on the electronic and optical properties of PbI2 using first-principles calculations based on density-functional theory and many-body perturbation theory. We find that SOC not only alters the bandgap but also induces the mixing of orbital characters, resulting in a significant change in the overall band structure and charge carrier effective masses. Moreover, the band orbital mixing caused by SOC results in the dramatic change in optical transition matrix elements and, correspondingly, the absorption spectrum. Our experimentally measured absorption spectra validate the calculation results and demonstrate the importance of SOC in the optical processes of PbI2. Our findings provide insights that are important for the potential use of PbI2 as a material platform for visible optoelectronic devices.
Numerical analysis of a nanosecond repetitively pulsed plasma-assisted counterflow diffusion flame
Authors: Chen Bang-Shiuh , Garner Allen L. , Bane Sally P. M.
Published: May 2023

A computationally efficient model is proposed to analyze plasma-assisted combustion using nanosecond repetitive pulsed (NRP) plasmas. The NRP plasma discharge is placed in the oxidizer stream of a counter-flow diffusion flame. The effect of changing the flow rate and the pulse repetition frequency (PRF) of a continuous NRP plasma discharge on the temperature and species profiles of a counter-flow diffusion flame is investigated numerically. The results confirm that oxygen atom and nitrogen vibrational states are the most important species to enhance combustion. The results also show that kinetic effects are much more significant for higher PRF and lower pulse voltage. In addition, when steady plasma profiles are used instead of unsteady plasma profiles, the extinction strain rates increase by 25.8%, 21.1%, and 10.8% for PRF equal to 1, 2, and 4 kHz, respectively.
Polymer complexation: Partially ionizable asymmetric polyelectrolytes
Authors: Ghosh Souradeep , Mitra Soumik , Kundagrami Arindam
Published: May 2023

Theories of bulk coacervation of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes (PE) obscure single molecule level thermodynamic details, considered significant for coacervate equilibrium, whereas simulations account for only pairwise Coulomb interaction. Also, studies of effects of asymmetry on PE complexation are rare compared to symmetric PEs. We develop a theoretical model, accounting for all entropic and enthalpic contributions at the molecular level, and the mutual segmental screened Coulomb and excluded volume interactions between two asymmetric PEs, by constructing a Hamiltonian following Edwards and Muthukumar. Assuming maximal ion-pairing in the complex, the system free energy comprising configurational entropy of the polyions and free-ion entropy of the small ions is minimized. The effective charge and size of the complex, larger than sub-Gaussian globules as for symmetric chains, increase with asymmetry in polyion length and charge density. The thermodynamic drive for complexation is found to increase with ionizability of symmetric polyions and with a decrease in asymmetry in length for equally ionizable polyions. The crossover Coulomb strength demarcating the ion-pair enthalpy-driven (low strength) and counterion release entropy-driven (high strength) is marginally dependent on the charge density, because so is the degree of counterion condensation, and strongly dependent on the dielectric environment and salt. The key results match the trends in simulations. The framework may provide a direct way to calculate thermodynamic dependencies of complexation on experimental parameters such as electrostatic strength and salt, thus to better analyze and predict observed phenomena for different sets of polymer pairs.