bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Ways of Testing the Quality of Inter-Lingual Translation For The Language Leaners
Authors: Susi Ekalestari  , Barus Efendi
Published: August 2022

Translation is one of the main aspects in understanding and learning second language. In https://www.gala-global.org said: translation is the communication of meaning from one language (the source) to another language (the target).It is often said as unimportant thing in learning second language or considered as secondary skill. Actually, translation must be supposed as the primary skill for the second language. They must know the meanings of the words or the sentences as a whole. The method of research is on the basis of library research and technical activities done by the undergraduate students. The technique of approach is done in two ways: 1. An approach to the lexical items, 2. An Approach to the Oral and Written Translation. The result of this research is that when one translates text from language A into language B, a different translator then turns the B text back into A, and the resulting A text is compared  with the original A text . If the test is virtually identical, it is strong evidence that the original translation was of high quality. Inter-lingual translation should be a basic skill for mastering L2. The conclusion is that translation, oral or written translation, must be different from those who are already fluent in L2. It must practically be easier the written translation than the oral translation for both, the beginners and the fluent ones.
Keywords: Ways of testing, translation, quality L1, L2.
THE LANGUAGE INSTINCT (Steven Pinker vs Noam Chomsky)
Authors: Sihombing Nur Cahaya
Published: August 2022

Language is a communication tool used in daily interaction. Language used to convey meaning to someone with easy word order understandable. Therefore, in order to convey the meaning clearly, use of the correct language is very important. This paper examines Steve Pinker’s arguments for the existence of a language instinct encoded in the genes of human beings as an explanation for the human language capacity. The analysis covers Pinker’s own arguments as well as those by Chomsky and by other authors in the 1990s. Argumen of Steven Pinker language is first  and foremost a product of our biological make-up as a species. Pinker does not mean to deny the influence of culture on language, but means that language grows out of the "predisposition" or biological readiness of every normal human being. Human infants have a natural gift for quickly absorbing and then using the structures of spoken language used by others around them. According to Chomsky, children are born with the tools of acquisition Language. " language acquisition device (LAD). This tool is a biological gift that has been programmed to detail the possible items of a grammar. LAD is considered to be a specialized physiological part of the brain to process language. So it can be seen that experts have given the same theory and opinion regarding the way of language development and acquisition, which is related to the language instinct that has existed since in the womb.

Key Word : The Language Instinct
The Role in SLA played by Universal Grammar
Authors: Ritonga Maria Elizabet
Published: August 2022

One important issue in current language acquisition research is whether the acquisition of a second language is fundamentally different from that of the first language. Researchers approaching second language acquisition (SLA) from the linguistic perspective often relate this issue to the availability of Universal Grammar to second language acquisition. The main focus of this paper is to examine the role of Universal Grammar in the second language acquisition and to what extent it plays in the process. To illustrate this, the four access hypotheses or theories were given.

Keywords: Universal Grammar, Second Language Acquisition
The Critical Period Hypothesis of SLA Eric Lenneberg's
Authors: Siahaan Friska
Published: August 2022

In second language acquisition, The Critical Period Hypothesis (CPH) holds that there is a critical time period for a person to learn a new language with native proficiency.  This time usually begins around the age of two and ends just before puberty. According to the hypothesis, learning a new language after this critical period will be more difficult and unsuccessful. The crucial phase is the stage of a person's development when their nervous system is primed and sensitive to environmental stimuli, according to developmental psychology. If a person does not receive the appropriate environmental stimuli during this time, their capacity to learn new skills will deteriorate, compromising a variety of adult social functions. If a child does not learn a language during this vital era, they are unlikely to achieve native fluency in their first language. Because of the adaptability of the brain, a person is poised to learn new abilities throughout the critical period. Synapses, or brain connections, are extremely receptive to information. Some researchers refer to the'sensitive period' or 'weak critical period' as a synonym for the critical period. The sensitive phase is comparable to the critical period in that it is characterized by a high level of neuroplasticity and rapid formation of new synapses in the brain. The key distinction is that the sensitive phase is thought to endure longer than puberty, but there are no hard bounds.
Keywords: Critical period hypothesis, Second Language acquisition
SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION: RECONCILING THEORIES
Authors: Pangaribuan Darman
Published: August 2022

This article makes the case that earlier explanations of SLA shouldn't be discounted. Instead, when combined, they offer a more comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the acquisition process. The ability of second language acquisition (SLA) to naturally adjust to various situations present in both internal and external settings provides evidence in favor of the assertion that SLA is a sophisticated adaptive system. On the basis of this comprehension, frequently debated second language theories, such as behaviorism, will be viewed as explanations for individual components of SLA. Excerpts from a few English language learning histories are given as examples of how students explain their learning processes in order to support this idea. The last assertion is that SLA should be seen as a chaotic/complex system.
Keywords: Second Language Acquisition; Language Learning Histories
SOSIALISASI PEMBUATAN WADAH PENCUCI TANGAN DARI BARANG BEKAS SEBAGAI UPAYA PENCEGAHAN COVID-19 (SOCIALIZATION OF MAKING HANDWASHING CONTAINERS FROM USED GOODS AS AN EFFORT TO PREVENT COVID-19)
Authors: Khairani Siti , Nurlani Harahap Siti , Novita Sari Dini , Dian Nila Sari Fitri
Published: August 2022

Kegiatan pengabdian  masyarakat ini  memiliki tujuan untuk memberikan edukasi kepada masyarakat tentang bahayanya virus corona; memanfaatkan barang-barang bekas yang ada di lingkungan sekitar sebagai wadah cuci tangan sehingga dapat menekan penyebaran virus corona; memberikan edukasi kepada masyarakat bagaiman mencuci tangan dengan baik; mensosialisasikan kepada masyarakat cara pembuatan wadah cuci tangan yang sederhana dan murah serta mengingatkan masyarakat untuk membiasakan mencuci tangan menggunakan sabun sesudah ataupun sebelum melakukan aktivitas. Kegiatan ini dilakukan oleh dosen – dosen Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Sumatera Utara sebagai upaya  membantu pemerintah dalam memutus mata rantai penyebaran COVID-19 di tengah masyarakat Sumatera Utara melalui tindakan pencegahan dan pengendalian penyebaran virus. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini dilaksanakan di daerah desa Saentis, Kecamatan Percut Sei Tuan, Kabupaten Deli Serdang, Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Metode pelaksanaan pengabdian masyarakat dilakukan dalam 3 tahap yaitu persiapan, pelaksanaan dan pelaporan. Pada tahap persiapan dilakukan persiapan segala dokumen dan mengumpulkan barang bekas berupa tong cat  untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai wadah pencuci tangan. Pada Tahap pelaksanaan dilakukan dengan membuat tong cat menjadi wadah pencuci tangan, memberikan sosialisasi kepada masyarakat akan pentingnya mencuci tangan sebelum dan setelah melakukan kegiatan. Pada tahap pelaporan yaitu menyusun laporan akhir kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat. Hasil dari kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat tersebut yaitu ada 6 produk wadah pencuci tangan yang dapat dibuat dari tong cat bekas dan diserahkan kepada kepala desa Saentis oleh Dosen-dosen Unusu dan ada 20 peserta sosialisasi yang terdiri dari masyarakat desa tersebut dengan respon yang positif. Tidak banyak masyarakat yang tahu bahwa barang bekas yang sehari-hari dijumpai ternyata dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi Wadah Pencuci Tangan sehingga kegiatan ini  telah memberikan informasi, membuka wawasan berpikir dan menambah pengetahuan warga Desa Saentis.
Implementasi Pembukuan Sederhana Dalam Upaya Peningkatan Produktivitas Kain Songket Tenun Medan
Authors: Puspita Sari Hasibuan Raya , Situngkir Anggiat , Simanjuntak Darmawati
Published: August 2022

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has caused several Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises to decrease their production due to decreased demand from customers, one of which is our Service partner. Through this service, we hope that we can help our partners in overcoming production problems as well as in terms of bookkeeping. In this service activity the Service team has visited the Service partner to gather information regarding the main needs in the production process to sales, and the result is that the Service team donated equipment in the form of a high-speed sewing machine as much as 1 (one) unit to partners, the sewing machine can be used in production activities, previously in production our partners used the manual method, so with the help of this machine it is possible to increase the production capacity of partners. The method used in this service activity is a visit, on the first visit the Service team explores information related to business development and the obstacles or problems faced so far, then the Service team carries out service activities that answer the problems or constraints described by partners, the distribution of grants in the form of 1 unit of high speed sewing machine and assistance in simple bookkeeping procedures is a solution to the problems or obstacles experienced by partners so far. The Devotion Team hopes that partners will be better in running Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises. The real evidence from the work of 1 unit of high speed machine is the increase in production capacity to double before only being able to produce 10 units of production per day after the addition of a high speed sewing machine, production to 20 units per day and what's interesting is that our partners have implemented simple bookkeeping adequate and appropriate
Pengenalan Sains Farmasi Sejak Dini (Perjalanan Obat di Dalam Tubuh) Kepada Anak-Anak Di Yayasan Sweet Shodaqoh Karawang
Authors: Alkandahri Maulana Yusuf , Sri Gunarti Neni , Farhamzah  , Sugiharta Sudrajat , Lidia Putama Mursal Iin
Published: August 2022

Bermain adalah suatu kegiatan yang dilakukan dengan atau tanpa mempergunakan alat yang menghasilkan pengertian atau memberikan informasi, memberi kesenangan maupun mengembangkan imajinasi pada anak. Melalui bermain anak diajak untuk bereksplorasi, menemukan dan memanfaatkan objek-objek yang dekat dengannya, sehingga pembelajaran menjadi lebih bermakna. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini untuk memberikan Pengenalan Sains Farmasi Sejak Dini (Perjalanan Obat di Dalam Tubuh)” kepada anak-anak di Yayasan Sweet Shodaqoh Karawang. Dari hasil kegiatan ini, didapatkan bahwa semua peserta telah mengerti tentang proses perjalanan obat di dalam tubuh melalui media permainan. Berdasarkan hasil yang dicapai dalam kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini para peserta sangat antusiasi dan mereka sudah mulai mengerti tentang ilmu farmasi sejak diusia dini serta bagaimana untuk mengonsumsi obat dengan baik dan benar, sehingga dapat memberikan efek obat yang maksimal.
E-Commerce Sebagai Pengunkit UMKM
Authors: Amin Muhammad Sirojuddin
Published: August 2022

Abstrak. Opak gambir merupakan salah satu produk UMKM yang memiliki potensi tinggi dalam perkembangan ekonomi, baik regional maupun nasional. Dusun Bunder, Desa Tunjungtirto, Kec. Singosari adalah salah satu daerah penghasil opak gambir yang memiliki potensi tinggi dalam perkembangan UMKM. Optimalisasi produk opak gambir melalui redesain kemasan dan pengenalan media ­e-commerce, diharapkan mampu memberi kontribusi yang maksimal bagi pelaku UMKM opak gambir. Observasi dan wawancara langsung dilakukan kepada pelaku UMKM untuk menggali kelemahan dan kelebihan dari produk opak gambir. Hal ini dilakukan agar program yang disusun tepat sasaran serta berkelanjutan.
Biochar Yield and Quality Enhancement by Poultry Manure Spiking at Varied Slow Pyrolysis Heating Regimes
Authors: Oyeyiola Y. B. , Ewetola E. A. , Olaitan O. E. , Arogundade M. I.
Published: August 2022

Harnessing the high macronutrient in poultry manure (PM) for enhanced biochar yield (BY) and quality through blending with Gmelina arborea sawdust (SD) or Tithonia diversifolia shoot (TD) at slow pyrolysis (350 °C) heating regimes (HRs) was the focus of this work.
Twelve biochars were produced from SD and TD with or without PM at three slow pyrolysis HRs of 5, 10 and 20 minutes in completely randomized design with three replications. Dominant biochar parameters contributing to BY and ash content were reported. Results indicated PM spiking and HR significantly
(p < 0.001) improved BY and nutrient quality irrespective of plant biomass type. The BY increased by 107% (5 min HR) and 79% (10 min HR) with PM spiking while ash content increased with increasing HR by 599 and 305% following PM spiking in TD and SD respectively. 20 and 10 minute
HRs enhanced N and P contents in SD and TD biochar respectively. PM spiking and increasing HR from 10 to 20 minutes reduced biochar organic C by 159% in TD biochar. Reduced organic C, C/N and C/P dominantly influenced BY and ash content. PM when appropriately bulked with SD and TD produces
higher BY and quality under slow pyrolysis condition.
An Extended Paradefinite Logic Combining Conflation, Paraconsistent Negation, Classical Negation, and Classical Implication: How to Construct Nice Gentzen-type Sequent Calculi
Authors: Kamide Norihiro
Published: August 2022

In this study, an extended paradefinite logic with classical negation (EPLC), which has the connectives of conflation, paraconsistent negation, classical negation, and classical implication, is introduced as a Gentzen-type sequent calculus. The logic EPLC is regarded as a modification of Arieli, Avron, and Zamansky’s ideal four-valued paradefinite logic (4CC) and as an extension of De and Omori’s extended Belnap–Dunn logic with classical negation (BD+) and Avron’s self-extensional four-valued paradefinite logic (SE4). The completeness, cut-elimination, and decidability theorems for EPLC are proved and EPLC is shown to be embeddable into classical logic. The strong equivalence substitution property and the admissibilities of the rules of negative symmetry, contraposition, and involution are shown for EPLC. Some alternative simple Gentzen-type sequent calculi, which are theorem-equivalent to EPLC, are obtained via these characteristic properties.
Study of the reproductive behavior and parasitism of the Sphecidae Family (Insecta: Hymenoptera)
Authors: Carlos Henrique Marchiori
Published: August 2022

Females of Sphecidae are usually solitary hunters; however, they are found various levels of social behavior, including at least one example of eusociality. Females can establish their nests excavating sand, soil, and wood, in pre-existing cavities or even build using clay, waxes and other materials of plant origin. These wasps use the stinger to paralyze the game and to lay eggs under the body of the prey. The aim of this manuscript is to report the reproductive behavior and parasitism of the Familia Sphecidae. For this, a bibliographic survey of Sphecidae was carried out in the years 1963 to 2021. Only complete articles published in scientific journals and expanded abstracts presented at national and international scientific events were considered. Data were also obtained from platforms such as Academia.edu, Frontiers, Qeios, Biological Abstract, Publons, Dialnet, World, Wide Science and Springer.
Christian Moralism in The House of the Seven Gables
Authors: Cook Jonathan A.
Published: August 2022

This essay analyzes the pervasive presence of Christian motifs in The House of the Seven Gables, arguing that the most useful term to describe the author’s religious agenda in the novel is Christian moralism. While previous critics have noticed some of the religious and allegorical features of the narrative, none have provided an overarching explanation for their overall significance. A series of overt and covert biblical allusions thus provides a basis for key scenes and characterizations in the narrative, as the Pyncheon patriarchs, Colonel and Judge, are symbolically damned for their murderous hubris, while the inhabitants of the Pyncheon family mansion are eventually rewarded for their moral virtues of submission (Hepzibah, Clifford), love and charity (Phoebe), and forgiveness of injuries (Holgrave). Tracing the evidence of Christian moralism in The House of the Seven Gables enhances the reader’s appreciation of Hawthorne’s artistry in incorporating religious themes and motifs into his fiction without giving them overtly tendentious purposes.
“A kind of privilege to haunt”: Settler Structures, Land-Based Knowledge, and the Agency of the (Super)Natural inThe House of the Seven Gables
Authors: Scruton CJ
Published: August 2022

The House of the Seven Gables constantly seems, on the surface, to separate settler civilization from North American Nature, from the obsession with cultivating garden space to the fear of moral decay within white American homes and lineages. However, a closer look at the actions and presence of Nature in the novel reveals a complex network of agential beings that are not so controllable or conquerable. I argue that the novel’s spectral conflict is a material conflict between Nature and settler institutions, a conflict that ultimately undermines this binary opposition and reveals the presence and agency of nonhuman Nature in settlers’ lives. Anxieties over the (super)natural presence of ghosts and witchcraft in the novel reflect the reality that beings in the natural environment have massive, invisible influence on settler society despite attempts to erase both Natural spaces and Native presence and relationships to the land.
“A respectable narrative”: The Viral Load in “Mr. Higginbotham’s Catastrophe”
Authors: Murray Hannah Lauren
Published: August 2022

This article considers the authority and social currency given to rumor and viral news in Hawthorne’s “Mr Higginbotham’s Catastrophe.” As previous critics have noted, Hawthorne ridicules the sensational antebellum press that peddles fabricated racial conspiracy for profit. Telling and retelling Higginbotham’s sensational “murder” at the hands of an Irishman and an “Ethiopian,” peddler Dominicus Pike’s oral tale exploits racial and class stereotype to garner attention and sales. I argue that Pike’s identity depends on the ongoing transmission of his “respectable narrative.” The creation and control of a narrative is central to Pike’s idea of a respectable self and desires for cultural capital and social mobility that depend on his story of race and class upheaval being believed, even in the face of compelling competing testimony. Mutating from gossip, to oral story, to print media, Pike’s viral load increases at each occasion until his sense of identity and self-making hinges on Higginbotham’s unmaking, the specter of which haunts him as texts progresses. Hawthorne’s comic short story is a potent reminder of how the individual’s identity is bolstered by—yet also dependent on—the satisfying narratives of rumor and conspiracy.
The Hermeneutics of Implication and Inference: Actor-Network Theory, The Scarlet Letter, and the Hawthorne Digital Archive
Authors: Temple Gale
Published: August 2022

This essay suggests that viewing “The Custom House” and The Scarlet Letter through the lens of actor-network theory allows us to better understand Hawthorne’s view of the social contract. Hawthorne’s novels both model and perform an uncanny form of sympathetic community-making that relies on the power of implied depth—expressed in passages, symbols, gestures, and subtle hints—to generate affective bonds. This Hawthornean model for social networking offers a potentially liberating and creatively inspiring example for thinking about the connections we make between literary interpretation and digital resources, and it also offers a model for how reading and interpretation—of texts, other people, and even ourselves—can lead to increasingly open-ended and ethically responsible relationships between self and other.
A Meaning Apart from Its Indistinguishable Words
Authors: Fredner Erik
Published: August 2022

What difference did Hawthorne make in nineteenth-century US fiction? An unanswerable question, yet one that we can begin to address in a surprisingly literal way by using word embeddings to analyze the large corpora of nineteenth-century US fiction now available. To specify this question, how does a corpus of nineteenth-century US fiction including Hawthorne differ from one wherein his work is experimentally excluded? Using this approach, I show how Hawthorne’s work changed the vector semantics of US fiction. Readers of Hawthorne will be pleased if unsurprised to find his characteristic ambivalence reaffirmed by quantitative methods. More novel is the new evidence this method provides for measuring the ways in which Hawthorne distinctively differs from his peers. Because the model reveals which words Hawthorne embedded most similarly and most dissimilarly from his contemporaries, we can take these quantitative and qualitative differences in word usage as starting-points from which to address the question that began this abstract. The article concludes with a reading of Hawthorne’s distinctive use of the word “likewise,” focusing on how it advances the satire of “The Procession of Life.”
Pelatihan Media Pembelajaran Operasi Hitung Bilangan Bulat bagi Calon Guru Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Saleh Sitti Fithriani , Nasrun Nasrun , Sulfasyah Sulfasyah , Damayanti Adelina , Nurwahida Nurwahida , Isnayanti Andi Nur
Published: August 2022

Calon guru sekolah dasar perlu menguasai penggunaan berbagai media pembelajaran untuk dapat mengajarkan matematika dengan baik. Pengabdian kepada masyarakat berupa pelatihan penggunaan media pembelajaran operasi hitung bilangan bulat ini dilakukan untuk menambah keterampilan calon guru sekolah dasar dalam penggunaan media pembelajaran. Kegiatan ini merupakan kolaborasi dosen dan mahasiswa Program Studi Magister Pendidikan Dasar Program Pascasarjana Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar bersama dosen Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika FKIP Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar. Calon guru sekolah dasar yang menjadi sasaran pengabdian kepada masyarakat adalah mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar FKIP Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar. Prosedur kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini dilakukan dalam tiga tahap, yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan kegiatan, serta evaluasi dan pelaporan kegiatan.  Media pembelajaran yang dipraktekkan dalam pelatihan dibatasi pada tali bilangan, kartu warna, dan permainan gunung-lembah. Media tersebut dapat digunakan untuk membantu menyelesaikan soal operasi penjumlahan dan operasi pengurangan bilangan bulat. Peserta sangat aktif mengikuti pelatihan dan memberi respon positif terhadap kegiatan. Peserta diharapkan dapat menyebarkan pengetahuan yang diperoleh dalam pelatihan kepada calon guru lain. Respon positif peserta pelatihan menjadi bahan pertimbangan bagi tim pelaksana untuk melaksanakan kembali kegiatan serupa.
Prevalence of Teenage Pregnancy & Its Outcome at Shaikh Zaid Women Hospital Larkana
Authors: Brohi Sumera , Jatoi Shazia Ahmed , Sangi Saeed U Nisa , Abro Shaista Tabasum , Shaikh Rukhsana , Jalbani Ayesha
Published: August 2022

Background: Teenage adolescent pregnancy is an important community health issue globally. Research shows that mothers in teenage period are at a higher risk of maternal death and complications related with pregnancy in comparison to the mothers who are adult. Therefore, this research was directed to examine the sociodemographic profile and fetal and maternal outcomes related with teenage pregnancy and their comparison with mothers of 20-30 years of age. Study Design: A comparative cross-sectional study. Place and Duration: In the obstetrics and Gynecology department of Sheikh Zaid Women Hospital Larkana for one-year duration from March 2021 to February 2022. Methods: A total of 60 teenage mothers ≤19 and 60 mothers who were 20-30 years of age respectively, were nominated as controls and cases. Data on the obstetric complications, fetal outcomes and sociodemographic profile were collected through face-to-face interviews using a pre-tested, pre-designed, partially structured questionnaire. The statistics were analyzed by entering data in the excel sheet of Microsoft. Results: In this study, 18.1 years was the mean age in teenage pregnant females and 24.3 years in the control group. 17.8 years was the mean age at which teenage mothers were married and for adults it was 20.1 years. 66.7% of teenage mothers and 61.7% of the control group are of high-low socioeconomic status. 80% of teenage pregnant females and 75% of control group were from rural areas. The mainstream of teenage mothers (70%) and control mothers (58.3%) are housewives by profession. The consanguineous marriages were observed in 33.3% of adolescent pregnant females and 41.7% in the control group. In this study, 38.3% and 46.7% of the mothers in adolescent and control group respectively had ante-natal checks during their pregnancy. Stillbirth / miscarriage were reported in 13.3% of adolescent mothers and 25% in the control group. 63.3% of teenage mothers had mild anemia and 53.3% in controls. The incidence of malnutrition (40% vs 15%, p <0.05), PPH (25% vs 6.7%, p <0.05), PROM (20% vs 3.3%, p <0.05) was significant in teenage mothers in comparison to mothers who were adults. The incidence of PIH was lower significantly in mothers during adolescence in comparison to adult mothers (13.3% vs. 31.7%, p <0.05). Conclusions: Complications such as PROM, maternal malnutrition, premature delivery, PPH and low birth weight occurred more frequently in adolescent mothers than in mothers who were adults. The adult mother’s higher proportion of PIH than in teenage mothers. Keywords: Adult pregnancy, teenage pregnancy, sociodemographic factors, adverse fetal and maternal outcomes.
Comparsion of Outcomes (Maternal and Foetal) in Obese and Non-Obese Pregnant Women
Authors: Tabassum Shazia , Kishwar Nasreen , Jaffri Shabnum , Anwar Shazia , Alorini Mohammed , Imran Iffat
Published: August 2022

Objective: The purpose of this research is to compare the risk factors for unfavorable pregnancy outcomes between obese and non-obese women. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial Place and Duration: Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar, during from the period Jan, 2021 To June, 2021. Methods: In all, 130 participants signed up to take part in this research. The ages of the patients ranged from 18 to 42 years. A total of 65 patients who were obese (BMI>25kg/m3) were enrolled in group M, while an equal number of patients who were non-obese (BMI <25kg/m2) were included in group N. We compared the adverse events that occurred in both groups with regard to the outcomes for the mother and the baby. SPSS 21.0 was used to perform an in-depth analysis on all of the data. Results: We found that frequency of pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus and post-partum haemorrhage post-partum hemorrhage was higher in obese group than that of non-obese patients. Frequency of adverse events e.g. Cesarean section, prolong labour, induction of labour and instrumental delivery in mothers were higher in group M as compared to group N with p value <0.005. Frequency of perinatal mortality, low Apgar score and NICU admission was higher in group M but low birth weight in of group N was higher as compared to group M. Conclusion: According to our findings, gestational diabetes, preterm labour labor, and preeclampsia are more common among obese women. Having a baby with an obese woman might be a risk factor for mother and child. Obesity in mothers increases foetal morbidity and death. Keywords: NICU, C-section, Pre-eclampsia, Mortality, Partum haemorrhage, Low birth weight, Apgar score, Gestational diabetes,
Contrast-Induced Nephropathy Factors and Prevalence in Patients Getting Multi-Vessel Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Khan Bakht Umar , Khalid Fahad , Mirza Omer Aziz , Memon Fayaz Ahmed , Shahid Muhammad , Shehram Muhammad
Published: August 2022

Objective: To assess the prevalence of contrast-induced nephropathy and its associated risk factors in patients undergoing multi-vessel percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Study Design: Observational/ Prospective study Place and Duration: Armed forces institute of cardiology & National Institute of heart diseases, Rawalpindi, during from the period September 2019 to Feb 2020. Methods: There were 112 patients of both genders with ages 18-75 years were presented in this study. Data on enrolled patients' age, gender, BMI, marital status and education level were collected after receiving written permission from each patient. This research included people who had undergone a percutaneous coronary intervention. Serum creatinine >0.5mg/dl from the baseline value was classified as contrast induced nephropathy. CIN-related risk factors were studied. Data was analyzed using SPSS 24.0. Results: The mean age of the patients was 51.6±9.53 years and had mean BMI 23.5±15.67 kg/m2. Majority were males 68 (60.7%) and 44 (39.3%) were females. There were 75 (66.96%) patients married and 55 (49.1%) patients were educated. Frequency of contrast induced nephropathy was among 25 (22.3%) cases. Most common risk factor of CIP was contrast volume 19 (76%) and hypertension found in 17 (68%) cases, followed by diabetes mellitus in 15 (60%) cases, age >65 years in 13 (52%) cases, CHF in 11 (44%) cases, smoking history in 9 (36%) cases and family history of CAD was 4 (16%). Conclusion: Patients undergoing PCI are at a considerable risk of developing contrast-induced nephropathy. Among the risk variables for CIN were anaemia (age >70 years), diabetes mellitus (contrast volume >150 ml), and heart failure. Keywords: Risk Factors, Contrast Induced Nephropathy, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Analysis of Poisoning Cases at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bahawalpur
Authors: Abaid Tehreem , Anjum Hira , Cheema Talha Naeem , Khurram Ahmad Raza , Ali Aftab
Published: August 2022

Objectives: The objective was to analyse the poisoning cases coming at A&E Department B.V Hospital Bahawalpur with regard to demographic profile and fatality. Study Design: Cross Sectional Study (Descriptive) Setting and Duration of Study: This study was carried out at A&E Department B.V Hospital Bahawalpur, covering a span of one year. i.e 1st January 2017 to 31st December 2017. Materials and Methods: A total of 2261 cases were included in this study. After, history was taken, perusal of treatment notes was done, performa was filled and the demographic profile with type of poison was noted. Results: Out of 2261 cases, 1625 (72%) were male and 636 (28%) were females. Most common age group affected was 21-40 years n=1080(48%), while least number of cases noted in above 60 years of age n=95(4%). Maximum number of Black Stone (PPD) n=1093 (48.4%) cases were examined while wheat pills poisoning was recognised as highest toxic agent (45% mortality). Conclusion: In conclusion, our study shows predominant ages were between 21-40 years and males accounted for maximum number of cases. Suicidal intention was commonest manner and PPD was the most frequent one. Wheat pills surfaced as the most lethal poison. Keywords: Poisoning, Paraphenylene Diamine (PPD), Aluminium Phosphide (Wheat pills). Drugs of Addiction
The Incidence and Treatment of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakage Following Repair of Congenital Spinal Pathologies
Authors: Ahmed Shakeel , Khalil Saqib , Khan Shoaib Saleem , Ujjan Badar Uddin , Haq Mian Ayaz Ul , Chughtai Waqas Noor
Published: August 2022

Objective: The study's goal is to find out how often individuals with myelomeningocele and TCS repair have leakage of cerebrospinal fluid. Study Design: Cross-sectional Place and Duration: Women medical college Abbottabad and Children hospital and the institute of child health, Multan, during from the period July, 2021 to Dec, 2021. Methods: There were 55 participants of both sexes in this research. Those being treated ranged in age from 5 to 20 years old. After obtaining written permission, we collected demographic data on each patient, including their age, gender, and BMI measurements. There were patients who had TCS repair as well as those who had undergone myelomeningocele repair procedures. It was determined how often cerebrospinal fluid leaks occurred in patients. SPSS 22.0 was used to analyze all of the data. Results: Among 55 cases, majority were males 32 (58.2%) and 23 (41.8%) were females. Included patients had mean age 9.5±6.14 years. Frequency of CSF leak was found among 18 (32.7%) patients. The mean duration of CSF leaks was 13.11±10.34 days. In 18 patients of CSF leaks, Frequency of MMC repair was 11, TCS release was found in 3 patients and meningocele repair in 4 patients. With the use of tincture benzoyl-enhanced primary wound healing in three patients with CSF leaks during surgery, the HCP postoperative signs were resolved. HCP was found in two further patients after their sutures mended with benzoyl tinctures, and they were placed in the shunt. Conclusion: In this research, we found that CSF leaks are more common in patients having myelomeningocele and TCS repair. Skin-healing tincture benzoyl will help these people. Keywords: Cerebrospinal fluid leak (CSF), Tether cord syndrome (TCS), Myelomeningocele (MMC)
Associations of Body Mass Index at Different Ages with Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Zeb Shaista , Arshad Imran , Kumar Prem , Memon Ehsan Rahim
Published: August 2022

Background and Aim: The risk of colorectal cancer is significantly associated with excessive body mass index, the relationship between body fatness at a young age and the risk of colorectal cancer has proven equivocal. The aim of the present study was to assess the association of early-onset colorectal cancer with body mass index at different ages. Methodology: This population-based control case study was conducted on 450 colorectal cancer patients and 410 controls in the department of Gastroenterology, Isra University Hospital, Hyderabad, Pakistan from March 2020 to February 2022. Standardized questionnaire was used for gathering patient’s information such as medical history, sociodemographic, and lifestyle history with interviewers who collected information and data. All the patients with age less than 35 years and had histopathological evidence of colorectal cancer were included in this study. Prior to study conduction, ethical approval was taken from the respective hospital. Multiple regression model was used for estimating colorectal cancer. SPSS version 23 was used for data analysis. Results: The risk of colorectal cancer at early-onset was compared in patients with body mass index of <25 kg/m2 and >30 kg/m2 at age between 20 and 30 years. The diagnosis of interviewers had early-onset CRC fold risk 2.6- (95% confidence interval, 1.19–5.32), 2.1- (confidence interval, 1.3–3.32), and 1.9- (95% confidence interval, 1.29–2.67). The link between BMI and early-onset CRC risk was most significant among, and virtually limited to, the majority of people who had never had a colonoscopy. Conclusion: The present study found that being overweight or obese in early adulthood is closely connected with an increased chance of developing CRC. As a result, data strongly supports the notion that topical increases in the incidence of obesity among younger population may be a contributing cause to the rise in the prevalence of early-onset CRC. Our findings show that interventions to reduce the obesity pandemic in future generations will be important in preventing CRC. Keywords: Early-onset colorectal cancer, Body Mass index, Different Ages
Prevalence of Cardiovascular Dysfunction and its Association with Outcomes in Patients with Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Hanif Mohammad , Saeed Azhar , Khan Salman , Zainab Saadia , Khokhar Amanullah , Shuaib Muhammad
Published: August 2022

Background and Aim: Acute pancreatitis is a rapid progressive abdominal inflammatory disease with acute onset in clinics which turns into severe acute pancreatitis. In approximately 20% of patients characterized by different parameters such as gland flaky necrosis, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), inflammatory cell infiltration in large number, and hemorrhage. Electrocardiography and electromyography variations are the common cardiac failure in patients with acute pancreatitis. Elevated cardiac enzymes could be other factors for cardiac failure with acute pancreatitis. The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of cardiovascular dysfunction and its association in patients with acute pancreatitis. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 120 acute appendicitis patients in the department of Gastroenterology at Northwest General Hospital & Research Centre, Hayatabad Peshawar for the duration of six months from June 2021 to November 2021. All the patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled. Echocardiography and CK-MB (creatine phosphokinase isoenzyme) was measured for evaluating myocardial function after admission. All the patients underwent physical, clinical, and laboratory examination. The findings of Electrocardiography (ECG) were recorded. Acute appendicitis severity, duration of hospital stay, infection, computed tomography severity index (CTSI), and mortality were different outcomes. Results: Of the total 120 patients, about 83 (69.2%) were males and 37 (30.8%) were females. The overall mean age was 37.84±12.46 years. Out of 120 acute pancreatitis patients, the prevalence of gallstone disease, organic failure, respiratory failure, acute kidney failure, and cardiovascular dysfunction was 51 (43.3%), 47 (39.2%), 37 (30.8%), 19 (15.8%), and 9 (7.5%) respectively. Elevated CK-MB and ECG changes were seen in 32 (26.7%) and 42 (35%) respectively. The ECG variations and elevated CK-MB were related with severity of acute pancreatitis (p<0.05), duration of hospital (OR: 18.9 ± 10.6 vs. 11.7 ± 6.8, p = 0.005), CTSI (6.9 ± 3.1 vs. 4.7 ± 2.9, p = 0.001), increased necrosis (2.34, 95%CI= 0.3-11.8, p=0.011), and mortality (OR= 5.46, 95% CI= 1.2-34.9, p=0.05). The incidence of Left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVEF) and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) was 15 (12.5%) and 31 (25.8%) respectively. Conclusion: The present study found that elevated CK-MB were significantly associated with higher CTSI, Prolonged hospital stay, severity of acute pancreatitis, LVDD, increased necrosis, and mortality. CK-MB increased levels have been reported as an indicator for cardiac failure and acute pancreatitis. There was a significant association between increased CK-MB levels and cardiovascular organ failure, pancreatic necrosis, and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Keywords: Cardiovascular dysfunction, Acute pancreatitis, Outcomes
Maternal Risk Factors Related with Term Low Birth Weight
Authors: Shafi Hina , Asad Umber , Nafees Rabia , Mushtaq Nazia , Anwar Shazia
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Low birth weight (LBA) remains to be an important community health issue globally. There are many fetal and maternal factors that contribute to low birth weight. The risk factors of maternal side are socially and biologically related. Low birth weight mortality can be condensed if risk factors from maternal side are perceived primarily and treated through simple procedures. Aim: This research was held to investigate maternal risk factors related with low birth weight. Study Design: A record-based retrospective and case control study. Place and Duration: In the Obstetrics and Gynecology department of Lahore General Hospital for six-months duration from 21st June 2021 to 20th December 2021. Methods: A retrospective, document-based, case-control study was conducted. The collection of retrospective data was performed on the basis of medical records from the department of the Obstetrics and Gynecology. Afterwards the criteria of exclusion and reviewing the integrity of the records, 80 subjects in patients’ group and 80 in control group were included with gestation age of more than 37-weeks. In Microsoft Excel; the data was entered and SPSS 23.0 was applied for data analysis. The chi-square test, student's t-test and odds ratio were applied to identify associated factors result in low birth weight. Results: 80 cases and 80 control groups were examined in this study. The mothers mean age in the study group was 25.1 ± 5.2 years and 23.1 ± 4.28 years in the control group. The patients mean weight was 61.8±6.91 kg in the patient’s group and 64.48±8.60 kg in the control group. The pregnancy-related diseases were noted 37.5% in the patient’s group and 32.5% in the controls group. Conclusion: Maternal factors such as socioeconomic status, haemoglobin, weight, and number of deliveries were related significantly with LBW. Maternal ailments, such as high blood pressure and diabetes, can result in a low birth weight. Keywords: Low birth weight, Maternal factors.
Development of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Medical Versus Dental Practitioners During Covid 19 Pandemic
Authors: Butt Hira , Ghyour Syed , Mohsin Ali , Khalid Bilal , Waheed Zainab , Ahmad Waleed , Jabbar Maria
Published: August 2022

Objective: To identify the development of symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder in medical and dental practitioners during COVID 19 pandemic. A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted on 146 medical and dental practitioners. The study was conducted at College of Dentistry, Sharif Medical and Dental College, Lahore and Sardar Begum dental college, Peshawar from August 2021 to June 2022. The Obsessive-compulsive inventory scale with a Cronbach alpha value of 0.966 was used for data collection. The association of the presence of symptoms of checking (p=0.027), neutralizing (p=0.021), and hoarding (p=0.009) with the area of practice was statistically significant while it was non-significant for the symptoms of washing (p=0.332), obsessing (p=0.093), ordering (p=0.093) and doubting (p=0.099). The presence of obsessive-compulsive disorder and the area of practice was also non-significant (p=0.300). The percentage of all seven symptoms in medical practitioners was higher in comparison to the dental practitioners. It was seen that a higher percentage of medical practitioners developed obsessive-compulsive disorder in comparison to dental practitioners during the COVID 19 pandemic Keywords: Obsessive-compulsive disorder, medical practitioners, Dental practitioners, COVID-19 pandemic
Association Between Public Self-Consciousness, Psychological Wellbeing and Physical Health Among University Students in Sialkot
Authors: Abbas Salbia , Naseer Fajar , Aqeel Fizza , Zahid Mahnoor , Abid Mamoona , Ashiq Farah
Published: August 2022

Objective: The goal of this study was to find the relationship among public self-consciousness, physical health and psychological well-being among university students in Sialkot. Methods: Data was collected from 200 university students belong to different universities of Sialkot through survey method. Results: Results revealed that there is negative relationship of public self-consciousness with physical health and psychological well-being. Conclusion:Public appearance self-consciousness is a reality that has affected every single person across the world but its effects vary in every person due to individual differences. So, self-consciousness about public appearance is highly but negatively correlated to physical health. There is also a negative correlation between public appearance self-consciousness and psychological well-being. It greatly affects female population worldwide than males. Keywords: Public self-consciousness, physical health, psychological well-being, university students
Student Perception Regarding Efficacy of Online Vs Traditional Campus-Based Teaching and Challenges
Authors: Butt Hira , Qasim Maham , Liaqat Samra , . Aqsa , Waheed Zainab , Amjad Khadija
Published: August 2022

To analyze the student`s perception of the effectiveness of online versus campus-based teaching. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on students of Bachelor of Dental Surgery from College of Dentistry, Sharif Medical and Dental College Lahore. Dental students from all four years were included in the study irrespective of their academic records. Students who did not attend the online classes or refused to give consent were excluded from the study sample. A pre-validated questionnaire with a Cronbach alpha of 0.94 was used. The difference in the mean rank score across different student perceptions of the effectiveness of online in comparison to campus-based teaching was significant for motivational problems and time interruptions (p≤0.001) while non-significant for instructor and personal problems (p=0.437), lack of support services (p=0.942), lack of pre-requisite skills (p=0.218), technical problems (p=0.238) and lack of social interaction (p=0.187). The difference in the motivational problems and time interruptions across the different student perceptions was significant with the highest mean rank score for students who cannot learn well in online classes as in traditional classes. Keywords: Online learning, campus-based learning, student perception, effectiveness
Crude oil price and food price volatility: A conceptual analysis
Authors: Nwoko IC  , Aye GC
Published: August 2022

In this paper we explain the volatility of food prices, the sources and consequences of volatility. We develop a conceptual model linking oil price and food price volatility. We also attempt to assess previous empirical studies and identify any gaps in the literature that will serve as guide for future empirical studies.
ATENÇÃO INTEGRADA À SAÚDE DA POPULAÇÃO NEGRA NO BRASIL: REVISÃO NARRATIVA
Authors:   LITERACIA CIENTÍFICA EDITORA & CURSOS, Ribeiro Sara Joana Serra , Silva Erielton Gomes da , Fonseca João Rafael da Silva , Silva Gabriel Cunha da , Vieira Júnior Denival Nascimento
Published: August 2022

OBJETIVO: Promover reflexões acerca da atenção integral à saúde da população negra no Brasil por meio de uma revisão narrativa das políticas e publicações sobre a temática. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa da literatura, apesar de que a abordagem utilizada neste estudo utilizou um processo de busca minimamente sistematizado. Foram analisados a Política Nacional de Saúde Integral da População Negra (PNSIPN), e 08 artigos resultantes da busca através de Descritores em Ciências da Saúde/Medical Subject Headings (DeCS/MESH), combinados pelos operadores booleanos e aplicados na Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde: ‘política pública’ AND ‘saúde da população negra’ AND ‘saúde das minorias étnicas’. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO: A variação temporal dos estudos encontrados foi entre o ano de 2013 e 2021, com predominância de estudos de avaliação da PNSIPN. O racismo no Brasil apresenta-se de forma silenciosa e provoca impactos consideráveis na vida dessa população, isso pode ser observado nas altas taxas de mortalidade materna e infantil e violência nos ambientes urbanos, o que sustenta estes indivíduos em classes mais pobres e condições precárias de vida. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: É evidente a necessidade de discussão acerca da saúde da população negra, e suas particularidades. Por fim, ressalta-se a escassez de estudos com a temática, bem como a as dificuldades na utilização do critério raça/cor, dificultando a desagregação das informações.