bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integral sustainable development: The example of local geographic milieu
Authors: Vujadinovic Snezana , Pavlovic Mila , Sabic Dejan
Published: October 2010

The local geographic milieu plays a significant role in development of every man because of its orientation in space, a sense of security and belonging to the community and the place where he lives or who perform his activities. In other words, one needs to fall in a particular social group that inhabits an area or to perform some activities able in a space, because that is something that stands out from the rest of the world and marking his individuality. The main long-term goal of development of each local community is to increase the quality of life of all its members, job creation, integration of the local community in a wider social system through health, educational and cultural institutions, creating a network of relationships and connections and correlations of all the actors from the state and public sector up to private enterprise, local authorities and local associations. Of particular importance for Serbia, is a question of development of local rural communities, which is closely linked to issues of sustainable and balanced spatial, socio-economic and demographic development. This issue becomes more important in efforts to prevent existing urban-centric trends and highlighted the economic and demographic polarization of Serbia. .
Varialvus gen. nov. (Digenea, Cryptogonimidae), from species of Lutjanidae (Perciformes) off the Great Barrier Reef, New Caledonia and the Maldives
Authors: Miller Terrence , Bray Rodney , Justine Jean-Lou , Cribb Thomas
Published: October 2010

A survey of the cryptogonimid trematode fauna infecting Indo-West Pacific Lutjanidae (Perciformes) revealed the presence of four new species whose morphological and genetic differences relative to all other known cryptogonimids warrants the proposal of a new genus, Varialvus gen. nov. Species of this new genus were recovered from sites off Heron and Lizard Islands on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, New Caledonia and Rasdhoo Atoll, Maldives. Varialvus gen. nov. is distinguished from all other cryptogonimid genera by the combination of a fusiform to oval body, the relatively small number of large oral spines, a median ovary which is relatively condensed and highly lobed, opposite to slightly oblique testes, uterine loops that are restricted to the hindbody and extend well posterior to the testes, and vitelline follicles that are mainly in the forebody but may extend from the anterior margin of the ovary to anterior to the intestinal bifurcation. Bayesian inference analysis of partial large subunit (LSU) rDNA sequence data for these species revealed that they formed a monophyletic clade, despite V. charadrus sp. nov. having a distinctly muscular gonotyl, which based on morphological characters alone may have warranted placement in a separate genus in the absence of DNA sequence data. At least one species of Varialvus gen. nov. is apparently widespread in the Indo-West Pacific. Three species, V. lacertus sp. nov., V. jenae sp. nov. and V. angustus sp. nov. have each been found at only one locality, but V. charadrus sp. nov. was recovered from lutjanids off the Great Barrier Reef, New Caledonia and the Maldives, demonstrating a biogeographic range of at least 10,000 kilometres. Siphoderina lutjani (Saoud, Ramadan et Al Kawari, 1988) Miller et Cribb, 2008 is transferred here as V. lutjani (Saoud, Ramadan et Al Kawari, 1988) n. comb. based on morphological and host group agreement with species of Varialvus gen. nov.
Critically endangered Pristis microdon (Elasmobranchii), as a host for the Indian parasitic copepod, Caligus furcisetifer Redkar, Rangnekar et Murti, 1949 (Siphonostomatoida): New records from northern Australia
Authors: Morgan David , Tang Danny , Peverell Stirling
Published: October 2010

This paper presents the first records of the parasitic copepod Caligus furcisetifer Redkar, Rangnekar et Murti, 1949 beyond Indian waters, specifically, on the body surface and head of the critically endangered largetooth sawfish (commonly referred to as the freshwater sawfish in Australia), Pristis microdon Latham, 1794 (Elasmobranchii, Pristidae), in brackish tidal waters of the Fitzroy River in the Kimberley region of Western Australia and the Leichhardt River in the Gulf of Carpentaria in northern Queensland. This represents a geographic range extension of ∼8000 km for this parasite. Further, it is only the second member of the genus Caligus to be found on an elasmobranch host in Western Australia and it is the first time this species has been reported from the Southern Hemisphere. Male biased dispersal of P. microdon may be the vector in which the parasite has dispersed from India across to northern Australia, or vice versa. A decline in populations of the critically endangered P. microdon (and possibly other pristid species) in these regions may lead to a concomitant decline in their parasite fauna.
Radiculopathy of the Eighth Cervical Nerve
Authors: Greathouse David G. , Joshi Anand
Published: October 2010

Study Design

Resident's case problem.

Background

The C8 nerve root is the least commonly encountered of cervical radiculopathies. The purpose of this resident's case problem is to provide an unusual presentation of a C8 radiculopathy, without cervical or proximal upper quarter symptoms, diagnosed by a combination of physical examination, electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies (NCSs), and imaging.

Diagnosis

A 49-year-old, right-hand-dominant male was referred to the EMG/NCS laboratory for a suspected left ulnar neuropathy at the elbow. A physical examination, NCS, and EMG were performed, and a C8 radiculopathy involving both the anterior and posterior primary rami was identified. Following the EMG and NCS evaluation, the patient had enhanced magnetic resonance imaging studies that confirmed a foraminal C7-T1 herniation and associated small central disc protrusion. The patient was then referred to neurosurgery for further consultation and subsequent surgical intervention. The patient underwent a C7-T1 laminectomy, mesial facetectomy, and foraminotomy, and excision of a herniated disk using an operating microscope. The neurosurgeon noted that there was a large disk herniation containing some disk material immediately anterior to the C8 motor root, that impinged directly on the motor root. One month postoperatively, the patient had decreased pain and numbness and tingling in his arm and his hand weakness had improved.

Discussion

The report illustrates the utility of a combination of physical examination, EMG and NCSs, and imaging in the diagnosis of a C8 radiculopathy in a patient presenting with forearm and hand symptoms but without cervical or upper quarter symptoms.

Level of Evidence

Diagnosis, level 4. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2010;40(12):811–817. doi:10.2519/jospt.2010.3187
Association Between Centralization, Depression, Somatization, and Disability Among Patients With Nonspecific Low Back Pain
Authors: Edmond Susan L. , Werneke Mark W. , Hart Dennis L.
Published: October 2010

Study Design

Secondary analysis of a prospective observational cohort study.

Objectives

To evaluate whether depression and somatization subscores of the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R), which have been shown to identify chronic disability in individuals with nonspecific low back pain, are applicable to a different population of individuals with low back pain; and to determine if this potential association is confounded by a combination of centralization and subsequent treatment based on centralization.

Background

To help direct management of patients with nonspecific low back pain, recommendations include performing tests designed to identify psychosocial risk factors predictive of poor patient outcomes. SCL-90-R depression and somatization subscores have been shown to predict chronic disability among patients with low back pain.

Methods

SCL-90-R depression and somatization subscores and data on centralization were collected during the initial physical therapy examination of 231 consecutive patients treated for low back pain in 2 clinics. Disability was assessed by the Oswestry Disability Questionnaire at intake and discharge from physical therapy, and work status was determined by patient self-report at 6 and 12 months after discharge. Pain intensity was assessed by the numeric pain rating scale at the initial visit, and at 6- and 12-month follow-ups. Data were analyzed using logistic regression.

Results

Odds ratios for the association between depression and somatization subscores and patient outcomes ranged from 0.76 to 2.93. For analyses in which the data suggested a trend toward an association, the association was less evident following adjustment for centralization and centralization-based treatment.

Conclusions

In our sample, in which all individuals received physical therapy, and those who centralized received interventions based on the direction of centralization, SCL-90-R depression and somatization subscores were moderately associated with chronic pain and disability. This association was reduced when centralization and centralization-based treatment was considered in multivariable analyses. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2010;40(12):801–810. doi:10.2519/jospt.2010.3334
Comparison of Graded Exercise and Graded Exposure Clinical Outcomes for Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: George Steven Z. , Wittmer Virgil T. , Fillingim Roger B. , Robinson Michael E.
Published: October 2010

Study Design

Quasi-experimental clinical trial.

Objectives

This study compared outcomes from graded exercise and graded exposure activity prescriptions for patients participating in a multi-disciplinary rehabilitation program for chronic low back pain. Our primary purpose was to investigate whether pain and disability outcomes differed based on treatment received (graded exercise or graded exposure). Our secondary purpose was to investigate if changes in selected psychological factors were associated with pain and disability outcomes.

Background

Behavioral interventions have been advocated for decreasing pain and disability from low back pain, yet relatively few comparative studies have been reported in the literature.

Methods

Consecutive sample with chronic low back pain recruited over a 16-month period from an outpatient chronic pain clinic. Patients received physical therapy supplemented with either graded exercise (n = 15) or graded exposure (n = 18) principles. Graded exercise included general therapeutic activities and was progressed with a quota-based system. Graded exposure included specific activities that were feared due to back pain and was progressed with a hierarchical exposure paradigm. Psychological measures were pain-related fear (Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire, Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia, Fear of Pain Questionnaire), pain catastrophizing (Coping Strategies Questionnaire), and depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory). Primary outcome measures were pain intensity (visual analog scale) and self-report of disability (modified Oswestry Disability Questionnaire).

Results

Statistically significant improvements (P<.01) were observed for pain intensity and disability at discharge. The rate of improvement did not differ based on behavioral intervention received (P>.05 for these comparisons). Overall, 50% of patients met criterion for minimally important change for pain intensity, while 30% met this criterion for disability. Change in depressive symptoms was associated with change in pain intensity, while change in pain catastrophizing was associated with change in disability.

Conclusions

Physical therapy supplemented with graded exercise or graded exposure resulted in equivalent clinical outcomes for pain intensity and disability. The overall treatment effects were modest in this setting. Instead of being associated with a specific behavioral intervention, reductions in pain and disability were associated with reductions in depressive symptoms and pain catastrophizing, respectively.

Level of Evidence

Therapy, level 2b-. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2010;40(11):694–704. doi:10.2519/jospt.2010.3396
Static Foot Posture Associated With Dynamic Plantar Pressure Parameters
Authors: Teyhen Deydre S. , Stoltenberg Brian E. , Eckard Timothy G. , Doyle Peter M. , Boland David M. , Feldtmann Jess J. , McPoil Thomas , Christie Douglas S. , Molloy Joseph M. , Goffar Stephen L.
Published: October 2010

Study Design

Controlled laboratory study.

Objective

To explore potential associations between foot posture index (FPI-6) composite scores and dynamic plantar pressure measurements, and to describe each of the 6 subscales and the FPI-6 composite scores across our sample.

Background

The FPI-6 is a static foot posture assessment comprised of 6 observations. Extreme scores have been associated with increased injury risk. However, knowledge describing the relationship between FPI-6 scores and plantar pressure distributions during gait is limited.

Methods

Participants (n = 1000; 566 males, 434 females) were predominantly active adults (mean ± SD age, 30.6 ± 8.0 years; body mass index, 26.2 ± 3.7 kg/m2), who ran 3.1 ± 1.4 d/wk. Static and dynamic foot characteristics were compared using the FPI-6 and a capacitance-based pressure platform. Correlation and hierarchical stepwise regression analyses were performed to determine the most parsimonious set of dynamic pressure data associated with FPI-6 scores.

Results

The mean ± SD FPI-6 score was 3.4 ± 2.9 (range, −6.0 to 11.0). Only 31 participants received a score of −2 (supinated foot) on any FPI-6 subscale. Classification of a pronated foot was 2.4 times more likely than a supinated foot. A 5-variable model (R = 0.57, R2 = 0.32) was developed to describe the association between dynamic plantar pressures and FPI-6 scores.

Conclusion

The multivariate model associated with FPI-6 scores comprised clinically plausible variables which inform the association between static and dynamic foot postures. Different cutoff values may be required when using the FPI-6 to screen for individuals with supinated feet, given the limited number of high-arched participants identified by FPI-6 classifications. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011;41(2):100–107, Epub 22 October 2010. doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.3412
Association Between Directional Preference and Centralization in Patients With Low Back Pain
Authors: Werneke Mark W. , Hart Dennis L. , Cutrone Guillermo , Oliver Dave , McGill Maj Troy , Weinberg Jon , Grigsby David , Oswald William , Ward Jason
Published: October 2010

Study Design

Prospective, longitudinal, observational cohort.

Objectives

Primary aims were to determine (1) baseline prevalence of directional preference (DP) or no directional preference (no-DP) observed for patients with low back pain whose symptoms centralized (CEN), did not centralize (non-CEN), or could not be classified (NC), and (2) to determine if classifying patients at intake by DP or no-DP combined with CEN, non-CEN, or NC predicted functional status and pain intensity at discharge from rehabilitation.

Background

Although evidence suggests that patient response classification criteria DP or CEN improve outcomes, previous studies did not delineate relations between DP and CEN findings and outcomes.

Methods

Eight therapists classified patients using standardized definitions for DP and CEN. Prevalence rates for DP and no-DP and CEN, non-CEN, and NC were calculated. Ordinary least-squares multivariate regression models assessed whether multilevel classification combining DP and CEN (DP/CEN, DP/non-CEN, DP/NC, no-DP/non-CEN, and no-DP/NC categories) predicted discharge functional status (scale range, 0 to 100, with higher values representing better function) or pain intensity (scale range, 0 to 10, with higher values representing more pain).

Results

Overall prevalence of DP and CEN was 60% and 41%, respectively. For those with DP, prevalence rates for DP/CEN, DP/non-CEN, and DP/NC were 65%, 27%, and 8%, respectively. The amount of variance explained (R2 values) for function and pain models was 0.50 and 0.39, respectively. Compared to patients classified as DP/CEN, patients classified as DP/non-CEN or no-DP/non-CEN reported 7.7 and 11.6 functional status units less at discharge (P<.001), respectively, and patients classified as no-DP/non-CEN reported 1.7 pain units more at discharge (P<.001).

Conclusion

Findings suggest that classification by pain pattern and DP can improve a therapist's ability to provide a short-term prognosis for function and pain outcomes.

Level of Evidence

Prognosis, level 1b-. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011;41(1):22–31, Epub 22 October 2010. doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.3415
The Complexity of Childhood Development: Variability in Perspective
Authors: Vereijken Beatrix
Published: October 2010

The complexity of childhood development is exemplified in the variability of development that is seen across tasks and individuals. Furthermore, variability in performance is omnipresent within individuals across repetitions of a task and across individuals performing the same task. Previously, this variability was thought to reflect error of measurement or error of execution. On this account, variability reflects noise that should be filtered or averaged out of the data in order to reveal the “true” underlying characteristics of the performance. Although errors of measurement and execution indeed contribute to variability in movements, research in the last 2 decades has revealed characteristics of variability that are far more interesting than just noise. These characteristics can be deeply informative about underlying control processes and point to directions for clinical practice. This perspective article reviews different ways of characterizing variability, illustrates changes in variability as a result of development and learning, and discusses different theoretical perspectives on the role of variability that give clues about how to understand changes in variability and how to deal with variability in clinical settings.
Opportunities for Early Intervention Based on Theory, Basic Neuroscience, and Clinical Science
Authors: Ulrich Beverly D.
Published: October 2010

Therapeutic approaches in the pediatric population have generally been less aggressive than those implemented for younger and older adults. Several factors contribute to this, starting with the challenge of engaging infants in the “goal” of therapy, their resistance to initiating behaviors that are uncomfortable or fatiguing, the desire to make therapy as functionally relevant as possible when many functional skills have yet to emerge, and residual history of outdated theoretical concepts. On the practical side of who will pay for this more aggressive approach, there is limited empirical evidence based on randomized controlled trials to convince third-party payers to fund more extensive services. This article outlines a theoretical perspective prominent in developmental science that argues not only for the importance of frequent bouts of functionally relevant activity on the self-organization of behavioral patterns, but also for the impact that should be expected from the use of rigorous interventions on underlying subsystems, such as neural organization, that support these outcomes. In order to propose some future opportunities for clinical research and application, examples from recent activity-based clinical studies are presented, along with theoretical principles, neuroscience, and other tissue science data concerning mechanisms that contribute to behavioral changes. One such opportunity is to increase the structured engagement of caregivers, guided by therapists, in administering well-defined activity intervention programs focused on the development of specific functional skills. Such an approach may be one of the few financially feasible options for generating sufficient therapy that adheres to principles for optimizing development of neuromotor control.
Variability in Postural Control During Infancy: Implications for Development, Assessment, and Intervention
Authors: Dusing Stacey C. , Harbourne Regina T.
Published: October 2010

Variability is commonly considered a key to typical motor development. However, multiple definitions and quantification systems have limited the clinical interpretation of variability and the translation of developmental research to assessment and intervention. The purposes of this perspective article are to highlight the importance of statistical variability and complexity in postural control during development and to describe implications for assessment and intervention during infancy and early childhood. Five tenets are proposed describing the role of variability in postural control to support movement experiences, exploration, and global development. Evidence for assessment and intervention focused on variability in postural control are introduced.
A Comparison of Interventions for Children With Cerebral Palsy to Improve Sitting Postural Control: A Clinical Trial
Authors: Harbourne Regina T. , Willett Sandra , Kyvelidou Anastasia , Deffeyes Joan , Stergiou Nicholas
Published: October 2010

Background

The ability to sit independently is fundamental for function but delayed in infants with cerebral palsy (CP). Studies of interventions directed specifically toward sitting in infants with CP have not been reported.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to compare 2 interventions for improving sitting postural control in infants with CP.

Design

For this randomized longitudinal study, infants under 2 years of age and at risk for CP were recruited for intervention directed toward sitting independence.

Setting

The intervention was conducted at home or at an outpatient facility.

Patients and Intervention

Fifteen infants with typical development (mean age at entry=5 months, SD=0.5) were followed longitudinally as a comparison for postural variables. Thirty-five infants with delays in achieving sitting were recruited. Infants with delays were randomly assigned to receive a home program (1 time per week for 8 weeks; mean age=15.5 months, SD=7) or a perceptual-motor intervention (2 times per week for 8 weeks; mean age=14.3 months, SD=3).

Measurements

The primary outcome measure was center-of-pressure (COP) data, from which linear and nonlinear variables were extracted. The Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) sitting subsection was the clinical outcome measure.

Results

There was a main effect of time for the GMFM sitting subscale and for 2 of the COP variables. Interaction of group × time factors indicated significant differences between intervention groups on 2 COP measures, in favor of the group with perceptual-motor intervention.

Limitations

The small number of infants limits the ability to generalize the findings.

Conclusions

Although both groups made progress on the GMFM, the COP measures indicated an advantage for the group with perceptual-motor intervention. The COP measures appear sensitive for assessment of infant posture control and quantifying intervention response.
Facial Affect Recognition in Anorexia Nervosa: Is Obsessionality a Missing Piece of the Puzzle?
Authors: Castro Liliana , Davies Helen , Hale Lucy , Surguladze Simon , Tchanturia Kate
Published: October 2010

Objective: Socio-emotional difficulties are thought to be important maintaining factors of eating disorders. Several studies point to deficits in facial affect recognition in anorexia nervosa (AN). However, the majority of these studies fail to control for comorbidity and its effect on emotional processing. This study aims to explore how patients with AN recognize happiness and sadness in human faces, controlling for different comorbidities, namely anxiety, depression, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms.

Methods: Thirty patients with AN, and 40 healthy participants completed a facial emotion recognition task. This task measured discrimination accuracy, response bias and response time towards sad and happy faces presented at different durations (500 ms, 2000 ms). The associations between facial affect recognition and clinical symptoms and intelligence quotient were explored.

Results: Regression analysis showed that discrimination accuracy of sad faces presented for 500 ms was significantly associated with AN diagnosis, body mass index, and Obsessive-compulsive symptoms. However, the level of Obsessive-compulsive symptoms was the strongest predictor of a poor discrimination of briefly presented sad faces.

Conclusions: Our results support previous studies that report emotional processing deficits in AN with obsessionality playing a pivotal role in this deficit.
Putting a Dominatrix in Her Place: The Representation and Regulation of Female Dom/Male Sub Sexuality
Authors: Khan Ummni
Published: October 2010

This article takes an interdisciplinary perspective to examine the treatment of professional dominatrices (doms) and male submissives (subs) in law and film. I argue that while the cinematic and legal discourses are formally distinct, they are functionally similar in the ways they discipline this sexual arrangement. The legal analysis deconstructs the case of R. v. Bedford, which effectively criminalized some forms of professional dominant services, in relation to recent popular films that represent female doms and the men in their lives. This deconstructive project demonstrates that both legal and cinematic fields view female dominance as a moment of “gender trouble” that needs to be contained, and, if possible, rectified, by masculine authority. I posit that this comparative analysis offers a microcosmic perspective on how the gender prescription of male dominance and female submissiveness is sustained and imposed in law and film, representing a moment of converging sexual ideology in these disparate discourses. I conclude with a suggestion that such efforts of gender regulation ultimately and unwittingly betray a desire for the sexual Other, while opening up spaces for counter-hegemonic identifications and subjectivities.
Women in Prison Movies as Feminist Jurisprudence
Authors: Bouclin Suzanne
Published: October 2010

Engagement with “women-in-prison” movies (WIPs), which are a relatively obscure and certainly under-read genre, can provide the impetus for the revision of law through a feminist lens. I do not propose that WIPs reveal anything about the actual conditions of incarcerated women. Clearly, they vary in their cultural verisimilitude. Yet, these fictional stories often leave us feeling unsettled about prisons and about the women who are warehoused within them. Accordingly, rather than measuring the realism of WIPs, I examine the dialogical relationship between these representations of women in prison and the manner in which formalized legal institutions and official legal agents label particular women “criminals.” I have found that some WIPs may offer ways to imagine the violence of state and legal practices and the inhumanity of total institutions to suggest broader gender, race, and class injustices that render particular women more vulnerable to criminalization and incarceration. Some WIPs reproduce the gendered operations and assumptions of the criminal law while also challenging its institutions and apparatuses of power. I argue that Caged (1950), in particular, invites viewers to think through contemporary feminist concerns around the criminalization of women. By virtue of its discursive determinations, normative dimensions, and inter-textual references, Caged is feminist jurisprudence.
Penguins and Polyamory: Using Law and Film to Explore the Essence of Marriage in Canadian Family Law
Authors: Calder Gillian
Published: October 2010

With attention to the way in which legal understandings of the family are perpetuated through popular culture, this article engages with recent debates in Canada both on the legalization of same-sex marriage and the criminalization of polygamy. By examining the popularity of the Academy Award-winning documentary March of the Penguins, the article interrogates how images of family and marriage in this documentary film have been appropriated by opposing advocates. This article explores how these challenges to a “traditional” notion of “the family” in Canada have cemented, in the process, a more rigid boundary around a monogamous, conjugal understanding of the family form. The author unearths what remains central to the protection of marriage as a core value in the Canadian context.
Les femmes du Mur des Lamentations
Authors: Frattina Katy Sakina
Published: October 2010

In October 2003, the Israeli Supreme Court reversed its earlier decision to uphold the right for women to pray out loud while wearing prayer shawls at the Western Wall. The court prohibited the women to pray in a manner contrary to traditional Jewish orthodox rites and ordered the state of Israel to provide an alternate, secure site for them. This case challenges us to think about the interplay between law and diversity-related claims that are made at the nexus of, and intersections between, culture, religion, and gender at the state and community level.
Producing Paternity: The Role of Legal Fatherhood in Maintaining the Traditional Family
Authors: Kelly Fiona
Published: October 2010

This article unpacks the modern legal construction of paternity and the ideological assumptions that underpin the legal designation. Through a review of the often disparate areas of family law in which legal paternity and/or the rights associated with “being a father” have emerged in recent years, the article considers the multiple ways in which paternity and fatherhood are utilized in family law discourse to grant men rights, and occasionally responsibilities, with regard to children. It is argued that while law has historically relied on a biological (though not always accurate) construction of fatherhood, both courts and legislatures have become open to multiple constructions of fatherhood in more recent years, some based on biology, some on the man’s relationship to the child’s mother (which is linked to presumptions about biological paternity), and others grounded solely on a social relationship with the child. Given what appears to be a shift in the law’s approach to legal fatherhood, or at least a new openness to multiple constructions, it is important to revisit the question of how legal paternity is assigned in modern Canadian family law.
Universities Upside Down: The Impact of the New Knowledge Economy
Authors: Thornton Margaret
Published: October 2010

Engaging with the fiftieth anniversary theme of “Knowledge Reconsidered: Feminism in the Academy at York,” this presentation will consider the knowledge revolution that is presently occurring in the academy. Instead of pursuing knowledge for its own sake, à la Newman, universities everywhere are playing a key role in the production of new knowledge as required by nation states. The effect of global trends such as the commodification of knowledge and knowledge transfer will be addressed. The key question in light of these phenomena is what space is there within the new paradigm for the pursuit of feminist, critical, and theoretical knowledge that lacks market value?
Safety and maximum tolerated dose of superselective intraarterial cerebral infusion of bevacizumab after osmotic blood-brain barrier disruption for recurrent malignant glioma
Authors: Boockvar John A. , Tsiouris Apostolos J. , Hofstetter Christoph P. , Kovanlikaya Ilhami , Fralin Sherese , Kesavabhotla Kartik , Seedial Stephen M. , Pannullo Susan C. , Schwartz Theodore H. , Stieg Philip , Zimmerman Robert D. , Knopman Jared , Scheff Ronald J. , Christos Paul , Vallabhajosula Shankar , Riina Howard A.
Published: October 2010

Object

The authors assessed the safety and maximum tolerated dose of superselective intraarterial cerebral infusion (SIACI) of bevacizumab after osmotic disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) with mannitol in patients with recurrent malignant glioma.

Methods

A total of 30 patients with recurrent malignant glioma were included in the current study.

Results

The authors report no dose-limiting toxicity from a single dose of SIACI of bevacizumab up to 15 mg/kg after osmotic BBB disruption with mannitol. Two groups of patients were studied; those without prior bevacizumab exposure (naïve patients; Group I) and those who had received previous intravenous bevacizumab (exposed patients; Group II). Radiographic changes demonstrated on MR imaging were assessed at 1 month postprocedure. In Group I patients, MR imaging at 1 month showed a median reduction in the area of tumor enhancement of 34.7%, a median reduction in the volume of tumor enhancement of 46.9%, a median MR perfusion (MRP) reduction of 32.14%, and a T2-weighted/FLAIR signal decrease in 9 (47.4%) of 19 patients. In Group II patients, MR imaging at 1 month showed a median reduction in the area of tumor enhancement of 15.2%, a median volume reduction of 8.3%, a median MRP reduction of 25.5%, and a T2-weighted FLAIR decrease in 0 (0%) of 11 patients.

Conclusions

The authors conclude that SIACI of mannitol followed by bevacizumab (up to 15 mg/kg) for recurrent malignant glioma is safe and well tolerated. Magnetic resonance imaging shows that SIACI treatment with bevacizumab can lead to reduction in tumor area, volume, perfusion, and T2-weighted/FLAIR signal.
Reconstructive endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms with the Willis covered stent: medium-term clinical and angiographic follow-up
Authors: Tan Hua-Qiao , Li Ming-Hua , Zhang Pei-Lei , Li Yong-Dong , Wang Jian-Bo , Zhu Yue-Qi , Wang Wu
Published: October 2010

Object

Placement of covered stents has emerged as a promising therapeutic option for cerebrovascular diseases. However, the medium- and long-term efficacy and safety of covered stents in the treatment of these diseases remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the medium-term clinical and angiographic outcomes of covered stent placement for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms.

Methods

The authors' institutional review board approved the study. Thirty-four patients (13 females and 21 males; mean age 41.9 years) with 38 intracranial aneurysms were treated with the Willis covered stent. Clinical and angiographic follow-up were performed at 3 months, at 6–12 months, and annually thereafter. The initial procedural and follow-up outcomes were collected and analyzed retrospectively.

Results

Forty-two covered stents were successfully implanted into the target artery in 33 patients with 37 aneurysms, and 1 covered stent navigation failed in 1 patient. A complete aneurysm exclusion was initially achieved in 24 patients with 28 aneurysms, and a minor endoleak occurred in 9 patients with 9 aneurysms. Postoperatively, 2 patients died of complications related to the procedure. Angiographic and clinical follow-up data are available in 30 patients. The angiographic follow-up (17.5 ± 9.4 months [mean ± SD]) exhibited complete occlusion in 28 patients with 31 aneurysms, and incomplete occlusion in 2 aneurysms, with an asymptomatic in-stent stenosis in 3 patients (10%). The clinical follow-up (26.7 ± 13 months [mean ± SD]) demonstrated that 16 patients (53.3%) experienced a full recovery, and 14 patients (46.7%) improved. No aneurysm rupture, thromboembolic events, or neurological deficits resulting from closure of a perforating vessel by covered stent placement occurred.

Conclusions

Endovascular reconstruction with the Willis covered stent represents a safe, durable, and curative treatment option for selected intracranial aneurysms, yielding an excellent medium-term patency of the parent artery and excellent clinical outcomes.
Estrogen Stimulates Proliferation and Differentiation of Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells through Different Signal Transduction Pathways
Authors: Okada Makiko , Makino Akihisa , Nakajima Mitsunari , Okuyama Satoshi , Furukawa Shoei , Furukawa Yoshiko
Published: October 2010

Our previous study indicated that both 17β-estradiol (E2), known to be an endogenous estrogen, and bisphenol A (BPA), known to be a xenoestrogen, could positively influence the proliferation or differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells (NS/PCs). The aim of the present study was to identify the signal transduction pathways for estrogenic activities promoting proliferation and differentiation of NS/PCs via well known nuclear estrogen receptors (ERs) or putative membrane-associated ERs. NS/PCs were cultured from the telencephalon of 15-day-old rat embryos. In order to confirm the involvement of nuclear ERs for estrogenic activities, their specific antagonist, ICI-182,780, was used. The presence of putative membrane-associated ER was functionally examined as to whether E2 can activate rapid intracellular signaling mechanism. In order to confirm the involvement of membrane-associated ERs for estrogenic activities, a cell-impermeable E2, bovine serum albumin-conjugated E2 (E2-BSA) was used. We showed that E2 could rapidly activate extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK 1/2), which was not inhibited by ICI-182,780. ICI-182,780 abrogated the stimulatory effect of these estrogens (E2 and BPA) on the proliferation of NS/PCs, but not their effect on the differentiation of the NS/PCs into oligodendroglia. Furthermore, E2-BSA mimicked the activity of differentiation from NS/PCs into oligodendroglia, but not the activity of proliferation. Our study suggests that (1) the estrogen induced proliferation of NS/PCs is mediated via nuclear ERs; (2) the oligodendroglial generation from NS/PCs is likely to be stimulated via putative membrane‑associated ERs.
Biocompatibility and Alkaline Phosphatase Activity of Phosphorylated Chitooligosaccharides on the Osteosarcoma MG63 Cell Line
Authors: Venkatesan Jayachandran , Pangestuti Ratih , Qian Zhong-Ji , Ryu BoMi , Kim Se-Kwon
Published: October 2010

Phosphorylated chitooligosaccharides (P-COS) were prepared using a H3PO4, P2O5, Et3PO4 and hexanol solvent system. The P-COS were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Thermo gravimetric-Differential Thermal Analyzer (TG-DTA), 13C NMR, 31P NMR, X-ray diffraction analysis, solubility studies, biocompatibility and Alkaline Phosphatase Activity (ALP). The results reveal that phosphorylation occurred at the C3 and C6 position of OH groups and the C2 position of NH2 group. FT-IR confirmed no decomposition in pyranose ring in P-COS even with heating and treatment in acidic conditions. The amorphous nature of P-COS was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. Further, the biocompatibility and alkaline phosphatase activity of P-COS were checked against the osteosarcoma MG63 cell line at different concentrations and no cytotoxicity was observed. After 12 h and 24 h of incubation, the ALP activity of P-COS was higher compared with the control group. These results suggest that P-COS is a biocompatible material and in future P-COS could open up a number of promising pharmaceutical and clinical applications to mankind.
Ion-Induced Nanoscale Ripple Patterns on Si Surfaces: Theory and Experiment
Authors: Keller Adrian , Facsko Stefan
Published: October 2010

Nanopatterning of solid surfaces by low-energy ion bombardment has received considerable interest in recent years. This interest was partially motivated by promising applications of nanopatterned substrates in the production of functional surfaces. Especially nanoscale ripple patterns on Si surfaces have attracted attention both from a fundamental and an application related point of view. This paper summarizes the theoretical basics of ion-induced pattern formation and compares the predictions of various continuum models to experimental observations with special emphasis on the morphology development of Si surfaces during sub-keV ion sputtering.
One-Pot Synthesis of 2,3,4-Triarylquinolines via Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling of 2-Aryl-4-chloro-3-iodoquinolines with Arylboronic Acids
Authors: Mphahlele Malose Jack , Mphahlele Mamasegare Mabel
Published: October 2010

Palladium–catalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling of 2-aryl-4-chloro-3-iodoquinolines with excess arylboronic acids (2.5 equiv.) in the presence of tricyclohexylphosphine afforded the 2,3,4-triarylquinolines in one-pot operation. The incipient 2,3-diaryl-4-chloroquinolines were also prepared and transformed to the primary 4-amino-2,3-diarylquinolines and 2,3-diarylquinolin-4(1H)-ones.
Creation of a Databank for Content of Antioxidants in Food Products by an Amperometric Method
Authors: Yashin Yakov I. , Nemzer Boris V. , Ryzhnev Vadim Yu. , Yashin Alexandr Ya. , Chernousova Nina I. , Fedina Polina A.
Published: October 2010

Oxidative stress, i.e. excessive content of reactionary, oxygen, and nitrogen compounds (ROAC), including free radicals, is one of the causes of various dangerous diseases as well as premature aging. The adverse effect of free radicals can be neutralized by antioxidants. In order to carry out antioxidant therapy, one needs to know the contents of antioxidants in food products. We have created the databank for the contents of antioxidants in 1,140 food products, beverages, etc. Apart from water-soluble antioxidants, fat-soluble antioxidants in dairy and fish products, cacao, chocolate, nuts etc. were determined for the first time using an amperometric method.
Image Reconstruction of a Charge Coupled Device Based Optical Tomographic Instrumentation System for Particle Sizing
Authors: Idroas Mariani , Rahim Ruzairi Abdul , Green Robert Garnet , Ibrahim Muhammad Nasir , Rahiman Mohd Hafiz Fazalul
Published: October 2010

This research investigates the use of charge coupled device (abbreviated as CCD) linear image sensors in an optical tomographic instrumentation system used for sizing particles. The measurement system, consisting of four CCD linear image sensors are configured around an octagonal shaped flow pipe for a four projections system is explained. The four linear image sensors provide 2,048 pixel imaging with a pixel size of 14 micron × 14 micron, hence constituting a high-resolution system. Image reconstruction for a four-projection optical tomography system is also discussed, where a simple optical model is used to relate attenuation due to variations in optical density, [R], within the measurement section. Expressed in matrix form this represents the forward problem in tomography [S] [R] = [M]. In practice, measurements [M] are used to estimate the optical density distribution by solving the inverse problem [R] = [S]−1[M]. Direct inversion of the sensitivity matrix, [S], is not possible and two approximations are considered and compared—the transpose and the pseudo inverse sensitivity matrices.
A Feedback-Based Secure Path Approach for Wireless Sensor Network Data Collection
Authors: Mao Yuxin , Wei Guiyi
Published: October 2010

The unattended nature of wireless sensor networks makes them very vulnerable to malicious attacks. Therefore, how to preserve secure data collection is an important issue to wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we propose a novel approach of secure data collection for wireless sensor networks. We explore secret sharing and multipath routing to achieve secure data collection in wireless sensor network with compromised nodes. We present a novel tracing-feedback mechanism, which makes full use of the routing functionality of wireless sensor networks, to improve the quality of data collection. The major advantage of the approach is that the secure paths are constructed as a by-product of data collection. The process of secure routing causes little overhead to the sensor nodes in the network. Compared with existing works, the algorithms of the proposed approach are easy to implement and execute in resource-constrained wireless sensor networks. According to the result of a simulation experiment, the performance of the approach is better than the recent approaches with a similar purpose.
Towards Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment
Authors: Finkbeiner Matthias , Schau Erwin M. , Lehmann Annekatrin , Traverso Marzia
Published: October 2010

Sustainability is nowadays accepted by all stakeholders as a guiding principle for both public policy making and corporate strategies. However, the biggest challenge for most organizations remains in the real and substantial implementation of the sustainability concept. The core of the implementation challenge is the question, how sustainability performance can be measured, especially for products and processes. This paper explores the current status of Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA) for products and processes. For the environmental dimension well established tools like Life Cycle Assessment are available. For the economic and social dimension, there is still need for consistent and robust indicators and methods. In addition to measuring the individual sustainability dimensions, another challenge is a comprehensive, yet understandable presentation of the results. The “Life Cycle Sustainability Dashboard” and the “Life Cycle Sustainability Triangle” are presented as examples for communication tools for both experts and non expert stakeholders.
Targeting Inflammatory Pathways by Triterpenoids for Prevention and Treatment of Cancer
Authors: Yadav Vivek R. , Prasad Sahdeo , Sung Bokyung , Kannappan Ramaswamy , Aggarwal Bharat B.
Published: October 2010

Traditional medicine and diet has served mankind through the ages for prevention and treatment of most chronic diseases. Mounting evidence suggests that chronic inflammation mediates most chronic diseases, including cancer. More than other transcription factors, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) and STAT3 have emerged as major regulators of inflammation, cellular transformation, and tumor cell survival, proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Thus, agents that can inhibit NF-κB and STAT3 activation pathways have the potential to both prevent and treat cancer. In this review, we examine the potential of one group of compounds called triterpenes, derived from traditional medicine and diet for their ability to suppress inflammatory pathways linked to tumorigenesis. These triterpenes include avicins, betulinic acid, boswellic acid, celastrol, diosgenin, madecassic acid, maslinic acid, momordin, saikosaponins, platycodon, pristimerin, ursolic acid, and withanolide. This review thus supports the famous adage of Hippocrates, “Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food”.
L’élection de droit : comparaison québéco-européenne
Authors: Guillemard Sylvette
Published: October 2010

Alors que sous l’empire du Code civil du Bas-Canada, le droit international privé faisait figure de parent pauvre, le législateur québécois a choisi de le codifier en lui consacrant un livre entier lors de la réforme du Code civil, entré en vigueur le 1er janvier 2004. Plusieurs de ces nouveaux articles sont inspirés de textes d’origine européenne. En se concentrant sur la liberté contractuelle qui permet aux parties de désigner le droit applicable à leur relation, élément essentiel dans les relations commerciales internationales, l’auteur a mis en parallèle les nouvelles règles et leurs sources. Au terme de cet exercice, force est de constater que les dispositions étudiées du Code civil du Québec véhiculent généralement les mêmes principes et comportent souvent des prescriptions comparables à leurs modèles. Cependant, on ne peut parler de copie conforme puisqu’il est possible de relever plusieurs points de divergence voire d’opposition.
La proposition de règlement instituant une procédure européenne d’injonction de payer
Authors: Correa Delcasso Jean-Paul
Published: October 2010

In the following article, the author analyzes the new proposed regulation for payment orders which is planned to become effective in January 2006. Faced with the object of harmonizing the different procedures for payment orders existing in the different member countries (as had been suggested by certain experts of comparative procedural law, the author of this work being among those experts) the European Union legislature is leaning towards a regulation of uniform payment procedure for all the member countries of the European Union to coexist with the different payment order procedures of each member country. The study which follows presents a practical point of view from the distinct vantage point of comparative law.