bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Methylated DNA Markers for Sporadic Colorectal and Endometrial Cancer Are Strongly Associated with Lynch Syndrome Cancers
Authors: Bramblet Rachel M. , Bakkum-Gamez Jamie N. , Slettedahl Seth W. , Foote Patrick H. , Taylor William R. , Berger Calise K. , Gysbers Brianna J. , Arndt Jacquelyn , Chen Longwen , Doering Karen A. , Burger Kelli N. , Mahoney Douglas W. , Sherman Mark E. , Kisiel John B. , Samadder N. Jewel
Published: September 2023

Lynch syndrome (LS) markedly increases risks of colorectal and endometrial cancers. Early detection biomarkers for LS cancers could reduce the needs for invasive screening and surgical prophylaxis.

To validate a panel of methylated DNA markers (MDM) previously identified in sporadic colorectal cancer and endometrial cancer for discrimination of these cancers in LS.

In a case–control design, previously identified MDMs for the detection of colorectal cancer and endometrial cancer were assayed by qMSP on tissue-extracted DNA. Results were normalized to ACTB values within each sample. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator models to classify colorectal cancer and endometrial cancer were trained on sporadic cases and controls and then applied to classify colorectal cancer and endometrial cancer, in those with LS, and cross-validated.

We identified colorectal cancer cases (23 with LS, 48 sporadic), colorectal controls (32 LS, 48 sporadic), endometrial cancer cases (30 LS, 48 sporadic), and endometrial controls (29 LS, 37 sporadic). A 3-MDM panel (LASS4, LRRC4, and PPP2R5C) classified LS-CRC from LS controls with an AUC of 0.92 (0.84–0.99); results were similar for sporadic colorectal cancer. A 6-MDM panel (SFMBT2, MPZ, CYTH2, DIDO1, chr10.4479, and EMX2OS) discriminated LS-EC from LS controls with an AUC of 0.92 (0.83–1.0); the AUC for sporadic endometrial cancer versus sporadic controls was nominally higher, 0.99 (0.96–1.0).

MDMs previously identified in sporadic endometrial cancer and colorectal cancer discriminate between endometrial cancer and benign endometrium and colorectal cancer and benign colorectum in LS. This supports the inclusion of patients with LS within future prospective clinical trials evaluating endometrial cancer and colorectal cancer MDMs and may provide a new avenue for cancer screening or surveillance in this high-risk population.

Prevention Relevance:

Lynch syndrome (LS) markedly increases risks of colorectal and endometrial cancers. Early detection biomarkers for LS cancers could reduce the needs for invasive screening and surgery. Methylated DNA markers previously identified in sporadic endometrial cancer and colorectal cancer discriminate between benign and cancer tissue in LS.
Supplementary Figure S1 from Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cells Regulate NLRP3 Activation to Generate a Tolerogenic Microenvironment
Authors: Amo-Aparicio Jesus , Dominguez Adrian , Atif Shaikh M. , Dinarello Alberto , Azam Tania , Alula Kibrom M. , Piper Miles , Lieu Christopher H. , Lentz Robert W. , Leal Alexis D. , Bagby Stacey M. , Messersmith Wells A. , Karam Sana D. , Dinarello Charles A. , Pitts Todd M. , Marchetti Carlo
Published: September 2023

Level of NLRP3, IL 1b and IL 18 in PDAC cells.
Metastatic Competency and Tumor Spheroid Formation Are Independent Cell States Governed by RB in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Freeburg Nelson F. , Peterson Nia , Ruiz Dain A. , Gladstein Amy C. , Feldser David M.
Published: September 2023

Inactivation of the retinoblastoma (RB) tumor suppressor in lung adenocarcinoma is associated with the rapid acquisition of metastatic ability and the loss of lung cell lineage commitment. We previously showed that restoration of RB in advanced lung adenocarcinomas in the mouse was correlated with a decreased frequency of lineage decommitted tumors and overt metastases. To identify a causal relationship for RB and its role in reprogramming lineage commitment and reducing metastatic competency in lung adenocarcinoma, we developed multiple tumor spheroid forming lines where RB restoration could be achieved after characterization of the degree of each spheroid's lineage commitment and metastatic ability. Surprisingly, we discovered that RB inactivation dramatically promoted tumor spheroid forming potential in tumors that arise in the KrasLSL-G12D/+; p53flox/flox lung adenocarcinoma model. However, RB reactivation had no effect on the maintenance of tumor spheroid lines once established. In addition, we show that RB-deficient tumor spheroid lines are not uniformly metastatically competent but are equally likely to be nonmetastatic. Interestingly, unlike tumor spheroid maintenance, RB restoration could functionally revert metastatic tumor spheroids to a nonmetastatic cell state. Thus, strategies to reinstate RB pathway activity in lung cancer may reverse metastatic ability and have therapeutic potential. Finally, the acquisition of tumor spheroid forming potential reflects underlying cell state plasticity, which is often predictive of, or even conflated with metastatic ability. Our data support that each is a discrete cell state restricted by RB and question the suitability of tumor spheroid models for their predictive potential of advanced metastatic tumor cell states.

Significance:

Members of the RB pathway are frequently mutated in lung adenocarcinoma. We show that RB regulates cell state plasticity, tumor spheroid formation, and metastatic competency. Our data indicate that these are independent states where spheroid formation is distinct from metastatic competency. Thus, we caution against conflating spheroid formation and other signs of cell state plasticity with advanced metastatic cell states. Nevertheless, our work supports clinical strategies to reactivate RB pathways.
The Physiognomy of a Nation
Authors: Schwartz Stephanie
Published: September 2023

This essay revisits American Photographs, one of the most important photographic books of the 1930s. Containing two portfolios by Walker Evans and an essay by Lincoln Kirstein, the 1938 publication presents readers with eighty-seven photographs printed one per double-page spread. While critical studies of the book have focused on the sequential ordering of the photographs, and on the book's filmic qualities, this essay considers the book's other organizing principle: physiognomy. More specifically, focusing on Evans's decision to include three photographs that he made in Cuba into the book's first part, it attends to the processes of racialization organizing the book and producing America in the 1930s. Challenging canonical accounts of American Photographs and Depression-era documentary more broadly, this essay argues for a history of documentary that does not dispense with its modernism. The argument is not that modernism is still with us but that we need its repetitions.
Evaluating a Century of Progress on the Cognitive Science of Adjective Ordering
Authors: Dyer William , Torres Charles , Scontras Gregory , Futrell Richard
Published: September 2023

The literature on adjective ordering abounds with proposals meant to account for why certain adjectives appear before others in multi-adjective strings (e.g., the small brown box). However, these proposals have been developed and tested primarily in isolation and based on English; few researchers have looked at the combined performance of multiple factors in the determination of adjective order, and few have evaluated predictors across multiple languages. The current work approaches both of these objectives by using technologies and datasets from natural language processing to look at the combined performance of existing proposals across 32 languages. Comparing this performance with both random and idealized baselines, we show that the literature on adjective ordering has made significant meaningful progress across its many decades, but there remains quite a gap yet to be explained.
Arabic-Malayalam Texts at the British Library: Themes, Genres, and Production
Authors: Kooria Mahmood
Published: September 2023

By the late nineteenth century, when printing press was popular across the world. In South Asia, there was increased production and dissemination of Tamil and Malayalam vernacular materials in Arabic script. This intermarriage of local languages with a cosmopolitan script was part of a larger trend of the time, and in South India those were advanced by Arabic-Malayalam and Arabic-Tamil literatures (also referred as Malabari and Arwī respectively). Hundreds of texts printed annually at the prime centres of Islamic printing on both Malabar and Coromandel coasts were circulated among mobile and immobile communities of the region across the Indian Ocean, Pacific and Atlantic littorals. The reach and impact of such vernacular printings are yet to be explored thoroughly, for these materials have been spread across several formal and informal collections and there has not been any systematic attempt to identify or catalogue them. In this article, I focus on uncatalogued Arabic-Malayalam materials at the British Library London on which I have been working on in the last few years. These materials from the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries help us understand the history of the region, religion and printing. After a brief historical overview, I focus on some major features, themes, trends, places, and people in about 150 texts I consulted, and which I discuss in relation to broader histories of Arabic-Malayalam tradition.
Salacious Songs: Khemṭā Dance and Participatory Printed Media in Nineteenth-Century North India
Authors: Williams Richard David
Published: September 2023

Songbooks were an especially popular product in the colonial-era book industry of northern India. From cheap chapbooks to multi-volume tomes, collections of lyrics covered a range of tastes and genres, appealing to different social settings and performance practices. This article excavates the worlds of music-making invoked by these books through the case study of khemṭā. The khemṭā dancing girl was a low-status performer, associated with the playboy culture of early-nineteenth century Calcutta. Khemṭā lyrics were considered especially salacious and sensual, and the common view today is that the genre was geared towards titillation rather than artistry. Following the exile of Wajid ʿAli Shah of Awadh (r. 1847–1856) to Calcutta, this genre began to be choreographed and performed in the royal court, and the former king began to collect – and compose his own – khemṭā lyrics. By the late nineteenth century, khemṭā dancers were performing at fairs across northern India, and their verses were being compiled and printed in different scripts and languages.

Khemṭā’s increasing popularity challenges the general impression of the late nineteenth century as a period of rising conservatism posed against “decadent” literary and musical forms. This view of the period presents an obstacle to making sense of the activities of Muslim lyricists, choreographers, dancers, and songbook editors. Countering this narrative, this article considers how khemṭā was printed, read, sung, and danced, and the modes of listening and arousal embedded in the printed song text.
Chāpā-Puthis: Some Print-House Practices in Mid-nineteenth Century Calcutta
Authors: Gupta Abhijit
Published: September 2023

From the 1840s, one of the most visible print genres in the popular ‘Battala’ book trade in Calcutta was the so-called chāpā puthis. Such works, though printed, adhered faithfully to the distinctive layout and typography of the Islamic manuscript tradition which had been current for several centuries in Bengal. They were also among the most lucrative of literary properties, and when the passage of Act XX of 1847 gave copyright protection to books printed in British India., the printers who seized upon the act with the greatest alacrity were those of “chāpā puthis.” The printers of such puthis used the title-page to provide copious metadata, in the process laying bare the often invisible ecology of labor of the print-house. This article will provide a preliminary account of the printing and publishing history of the genre, with its focus on print-house practices, and in particular, the figure of the compositor.
Endophytic fungi associated with Coriaria nepalensis in an abandoned open-pit phosphate mine in Yunnan, P.R. China
Authors: LEI YIMING , YANG ERFU , DAO CHENGJIAO , LI XI , KARUNARATHNA SAMANTHA C. , TIBPROMMA SAOWALUCK , YAN KAI
Published: September 2023

The phosphate mining industry is prosperous in Yunnan Province, southwestern China. Among them, the Kunyang phosphate mine, situated on the southern shore of Dianchi Lake, stands as one of Asia’s largest and most ancient open-pit phosphate mines. However, mining activities and abandoned phosphate mines have resulted in significant soil erosion and water degradation, necessitating immediate ecological restoration efforts. During surveys of endophytic fungi associated with the pioneer plant Masuri berry (Coriaria nepalensis) in mining sites, Kunming, Yunnan, we report a new species, Chrysofolia kunmingensis, and three new host records of Chaetomium cochliodes, Coniella quercicola, and Epicoccum nigrum. All taxa were identified based on morphological examinations and multigene phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS), and large subunit (nrLSU) of ribosomal DNA, beta-tubulin 2 (tub), DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II largest subunit (rpb2), and translation elongation factor 1 alpha (tef1-α) sequences. This study will contribute to the isolation of indigenous beneficial fungi and the promotion of “plant-microbe” combined remediation.
Two new species of Gigantochloa (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) from Yunnan, China
Authors: QIN QIAO-MEI , TONG YI-HUA , ZENG YI , CAI ZHUO-YU , NI JING-BO , XIA NIAN-HE
Published: September 2023

Two new species of Gigantochloa (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) from Yunnan, China, namely Gigantochloa brachystachya and G. maneensis, are described and illustrated. G. brachystachya is morphologically similar to G. levis, but differs in its infranodal region with a ring of white hairs, culm leaf with erect blade, linear and glabrous auricle being ca. 10 mm wide and less than 1 mm tall, and glabrous ligule being 5–10 mm tall, and foliage leaf with glabrous sheath, 3–5 mm tall ligule and 2–2.5 mm tall outer ligules. Gigantochloa maneensis is morphologically similar to G. callosa, but differs in its intranode and infranodal region both with a ring of white hairs, culm leaf with densely black-hispid sheath abaxially and without stripes, erect blade and oblong auricle being 6–7 mm wide, and sparsely brown-hispid foliage leaf sheaths.
Two new species of Travisiidae (Annelida, Sedentaria) from Thailand
Authors: PLATHONG JINTANA , PLATHONG SAKANAN , SALAZAR-VALLEJO SERGIO I.
Published: September 2023

Two new species of Travisiidae, Travisia satunensis sp. nov. and T. thailandensis sp. nov., were collected from different locations in Thailand waters. Travisia satunensis sp. nov. was collected in the Andaman Sea, at 2–14 m water depths. Travisia thailandensis sp. nov. was collected from offshore petroleum concession areas in the Gulf of Thailand, at 50–80 m water depths. Travisia satunensis sp. nov. differs from all other species by having branched annulated branchiae on chaetigers 2–35, each annulated with a single filament, chaetae throughout the body and pygidium with 10 anal cirri, six digitiform and four short cirri, alternately arranged. Travisia thailandensis sp. nov. differs from all other species by having 21 pairs of cirriform, annulated branchiae from chaetiger 2, a mid-ventral groove along body, two last segments achaetous, and nephridiopores on chaetigers 7–14. A key for Travisia species from the Indo-Pacific region is also provided.
Environment-Aware Digital Twins: Incorporating Weather and Climate Information to Support Risk-Based Decision-Making
Authors: Dale Kirstine I. , Pope Edward C. D. , Hopkinson Aaron R. , McCaie Theo , Lowe Jason A.
Published: September 2023

Digital twins are a transformative technology that can significantly strengthen climate adaptation and mitigation decision-making. Through provision of dynamic, virtual representations of physical systems, making intelligent use of multidisciplinary data, and high-fidelity simulations they equip decision-makers with the information they need, when they need it, marking a step change in how we extract value from data and models. While digital twins are commonplace in some industrial sectors, they are an emerging concept in the environmental sciences and practical demonstrations are limited, partly due to the challenges of representing complex environmental systems. Collaboration on challenges of mutual interest will unlock digital twins’ potential. To bridge the current gap between digital twins for industrial sectors and those of the environment, we identify the need for “environment aware” digital twins (EA-DT) that are a federation of digital twins of environmentally sensitive systems with weather, climate, and environmental information systems. As weather extremes become more frequent and severe, the importance of building weather, climate, and environmental information into digital twins of critical systems such as cities, ports, flood barriers, energy grids, and transport networks increases. Delivering societal benefits will also require significant advances in climate-related decision-making, which lags behind other applications. Progress relies on moving beyond heuristics, and driving advances in the decision sciences informed by new theoretical insights, machine learning and artificial intelligence. To support the use of EA-DTs, we propose a new ontology that stimulates thinking about application and best practice for decision-making so that we are resilient to the challenges of today’s weather and tomorrow’s climate.
Investigating the Relationship between Sea Surface Temperature and the Mechanical Efficiency of Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Régibeau-Rockett Laurel , Pauluis Olivier M. , O’Neill Morgan E
Published: September 2023

Previous studies have investigated how sea surface temperature (SST) affects the potential intensity of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, this is an upper bound only on the maximum near-surface azimuthal winds and does not fully account for the effects of atmospheric moisture. Potential intensity might not vary in the same way as the total kinetic energy (WKE) of a TC would with changing SST. The term WKE is related, via the conceptualization of the TC as a heat engine, to TC mechanical efficiency. We investigate how TC mechanical efficiency varies with SST in a series of moist, axisymmetric, radiative–convective numerical experiments with constant SSTs ranging from 295 to 307.5 K. We find a −2.1% K−1 decrease in the mechanical efficiency with SST. While the increase in the net heat energy gained by the TC heat engine acts to increase WKE, the mechanical efficiency still decreases with SST due to the effects of moisture on WKE and on the total heat input to the TC. Moist convection in an unsaturated atmosphere is associated with substantial irreversible entropy production, which detracts from the energy that the TC can use to power its winds. The increasing moisture content in a warmer atmosphere predicted by Clausius–Clapeyron scaling leads this irreversibility to increase in an unsaturated atmosphere, presenting a larger penalty on WKE and decreasing the mechanical efficiency. Our results highlight the importance of giving full consideration to the effects of moisture on the TC heat engine in studies of how climate affects TCs.

Significance Statement

The purpose of this study is to investigate how the “mechanical efficiency” of tropical cyclones varies with sea surface temperature. This matters because the conceptualization of the tropical cyclone as a heat engine implies that the kinetic energy of its wind field is generated at this efficiency. The mechanical efficiency may be affected by changes in climate. Our results demonstrate that the mechanical efficiency decreases at −2.1% K−1 with sea surface temperature, and in particular highlight the important role of moisture in this result.
Environmental and Storm-Scale Controls on Close Proximity Supercells Observed by TORUS on 8 June 2019
Authors: Wilson Matthew B. , Houston Adam L. , Ziegler Conrad L. , Stechman Daniel M. , Argrow Brian , Frew Eric W. , Swenson Sara , Rasmussen Erik , Coniglio Michael
Published: September 2023

The Targeted Observation by Radars and UAS of Supercells (TORUS) field project observed two supercells on 8 June 2019 in northwestern Kansas and far eastern Colorado. Although these storms occurred in close spatial and temporal proximity, their evolutions were markedly different. The first storm struggled to maintain itself and eventually dissipated. Meanwhile, the second supercell developed just after and slightly to the south of where the first storm dissipated, and then tracked over almost the same location before rapidly intensifying and going on to produce several tornadoes. The objective of this study is to determine why the first storm struggled to survive and failed to produce mesocyclonic tornadoes while the second storm thrived and was cyclically tornadic. Analysis relies on observations collected by the TORUS project—including unoccupied aircraft system (UAS) transects and profiles, mobile soundings, surface mobile mesonet transects, and dual-Doppler wind syntheses from the NOAA P-3 tail Doppler radars. Our results indicate that rapid changes in the low-level wind profile, the second supercell’s interaction with two mesoscale boundaries, an interaction with a rapidly intensifying new updraft just to its west, and the influence of a strong outflow surge likely account for much of the second supercell’s increased strength and tornado production. The rapid evolution of the low-level wind profile may have been most important in raising the probability of the second supercell becoming tornadic, with the new updraft and the outflow surge leading to a favorable storm-scale evolution that increased this probability further.
Investigating the role and impact of N2 as a blowing agent in the fabrication of thermoplastic polyurethane foams
Authors: Rangappa Raghavendrakumar , Yeh Shu-Kai
Published: September 2023

Fabricating low-density elastomeric foams with a homogenous cell structure has been challenging because of foam shrinkage. The low modulus of the elastomers and the high diffusivity of blowing agents lead to foam shrinkage and poor surface quality. Using N2 as a physical blowing agent (PBA) is an eco-friendly foaming method to overcome foam shrinkage. In this study, PTMEG-MDI/BD-based TPU with a hardness of 85A, 90A, and 95A were foamed using N2. Nitrogen as a blowing agent created a homogeneous cell structure with an expansion ratio of more than five times, an average cell size of less than 25 μm, and a cell density of more than 109 cells/cm3. The shrinkage ratio and cellular morphology of CO2- and N2-blown TPU foam were compared at their maximum expansion ratio. At the maximum expansion ratio, the N2-blown foams exhibited a fine cell structure with a shrinkage ratio of less than 4%. However, the CO2-blown TPU foam showed a shrinkage ratio of 12.7% with significant cracks in the sample. The results demonstrate that using N2 as a blowing agent can achieve an expansion ratio similar to that of CO2-blown foam, and the shrinkage problems of elastomeric foams can be significantly eliminated, which may help to maintain the physical properties of the foam.
Epidemiology, burden and clinical spectrum of cluster headache: a global update
Authors: Kim Seung Ae , Choi So Youn , Youn Michelle Sojung , Pozo-Rosich Patricia , Lee Mi Ji
Published: September 2023

Background

This narrative review aims to broaden our understanding of the epidemiology, burden and clinical spectrum of cluster headache based on updated findings with a global perspective.

Methods

We conducted a literature search on the following topics: (a) epidemiology; (b) burden: quality of life, disability, economic burden, job-related burden and suicidality; and (c) clinical spectrum: male predominance and its changes, age, pre-cluster and pre-attack symptoms, aura, post-drome, attack characteristics (location, severity, duration and associated symptoms), bout characteristics (attack frequency, bout duration and bout frequency), circadian and seasonal rhythmicity and disease course.

Results

New large-scale population-based reports have suggested a lower prevalence than previous estimations. The impact of cluster headache creates a significant burden in terms of the quality of life, disability, economic and job-related burdens and suicidality. Several studies have reported decreasing male-to-female ratios and a wide age range at disease onset. The non-headache phases of cluster headache, including pre-cluster, pre-attack and postictal symptoms, have recently been revisited. The latest data regarding attack characteristics, bout characteristics, and circadian and seasonal rhythmicity from different countries have shown variability among bouts, attacks, individuals and ethnicities. Studies on the disease course of cluster headache have shown typical characteristics of attacks or bouts that decrease with time.

Conclusions

Cluster headache may be more than a “trigeminal autonomic headache” because it involves complex central nervous system phenomena. The spectrum of attacks and bouts is wider than previously recognised. Cluster headache is a dynamic disorder that evolves or regresses over time.
Examining the Association Between Trauma Characteristics and Adult Depression and Anxiety: Analysis of Types, Variety, Repetition, and Timing of Past Trauma
Authors: Hong Sunghyun H. , Yu Chi-Lin , Rousson Ashley N. , Bender Anna E. , Fedina Lisa , Herrenkohl Todd I.
Published: September 2023

Past research has emphasized the impact of prior trauma on adult depression and anxiety rates. However, few studies have examined the simultaneous connection between various trauma characteristics (e.g., type, variety, repetition, timing) and symptoms of depression and anxiety in adults. Understanding how these different trauma characteristics relate to mental health issues can offer valuable insight into predicting the onset of such problems. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis with 356 adult participants to explore the associations between lifetime trauma history and depression/anxiety scores. Participants retrospectively reported on five different traumatic experiences from birth to the present, including childhood physical abuse, witnessing parental violence, lifetime experiences of rape, witnessing trauma to loved ones, and the unexpected death of loved ones. For each trauma type, participants indicated the timing of their first exposure and the frequency of subsequent occurrences. Depression and anxiety symptoms in the past 2 weeks were also self-reported. Multiple regression analyses with covariates were employed. On average, participants experienced two out of the five trauma types. Regardless of the type, having at least one traumatic experience was linked to higher depression and anxiety scores. Those who experienced all five trauma types reported the highest levels of depression and anxiety. Repeated instances of rape, witnessing trauma to loved ones, and the death of loved ones were significantly associated with elevated depression and anxiety scores. The timing of exposure to the unexpected death of loved ones predicted higher depression scores in childhood compared to adulthood, while no relationship between timing and anxiety scores was observed. Other trauma types did not show significant associations. Our study enhances knowledge of the link between trauma and depression/anxiety by elucidating how various trauma characteristics, such as type, variety, repetition, and timing of trauma, have differential influences on depression and anxiety scores.
Theoretical and experimental analysis of electric vehicle motor dynamics under the coupling of harmonic current and temperature excitation
Authors: Guo Dong , Luo Xiang , Hu Mingmao , Li Ming , Ren Jie , He Yutong , Zhou Yufa
Published: September 2023

The NVH performance of electric vehicles is crucial for human comfort, and the electric drive system is key to NVH performance. Permanent magnet synchronous motors experience high-temperature increases under high-speed operating conditions, resulting in motor structure deformation at high-temperatures. The radial deformation of the stator alters the airgap dimensions of the motor’s electromagnetic field. The airgap of the motor’s magnetic field has high-sensitivity to these changes aggravating the vibration and noise problems. Harmonic currents in high-speed vehicle motors add to these problems. Therefore, motor dynamics must be studied under the joint influences of airgap distortion and harmonic currents. We proposed a method of modeling permanent magnet synchronous motors under the joint effect of harmonic currents and temperature fields. And established an accurate multi-field coupled vibration response prediction model for permanent magnet synchronous motors. The accuracy of the vibration prediction model was subjected to a bench test. The vibration characteristics of the motor were studied using order and spectrum analyses. We found that the airgap magnetic-field distortion, due to the motor and stator thermal deformation, significantly affected the motor vibration characteristics. The main motor vibration noise was caused by the 24th and 48th order electromagnetic force waves. This provides a reference for establishing an accurate vibration prediction model for permanent magnet synchronous motors.
Detection of Human Papillomavirus in Squamous Papilloma of the Esophagus
Authors: Li Yuan , Lin Fan , Ling Qing , Xiao Yanmei , Xue Xiaowei , Zhou Weixun , Wang Hanlin L.
Published: September 2023

Introduction: The etiology of esophageal squamous papilloma (ESP) is largely unknown. Previous studies have shown a variable association with human papillomavirus (HPV) with conflicting data. The aim of this study was to further investigate the possible association of HPV in our ESP series using RNA in-situ hybridization (ISH) and compare study groups from the United States of America and China. Methods: Demographic and clinical data of patients with ESP were retrieved from the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) (1/2016-3/2019) and Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) (9/2014-3/2019) pathology databases. Hematoxylin and eosin slides were reexamined. Confirmed cases were examined by high- and low-risk HPV RNA ISH. Results: For the UCLA cohort, 13 429 upper endoscopies were performed and 78 biopsies from 72 patients were identified as ESP (F:M = 45:27, 66.7% > 45 years). Seventy-four (94.9%) biopsies were designated as polyps or nodules and 46.6% were located in the mid-esophagus. Other abnormal findings included gastroesophageal reflux disease (48.6%), hiatal hernia (38.9%), and esophagitis (36.1%). For the PUMCH cohort, 63 754 upper endoscopies were performed and 73 biopsies from 71 patients were identified as ESP (F:M = 48:23, 71.8% > 45 years). Sixty-four (87.7%) biopsies were designated as polyps or nodules and 57.5% were located in the mid-esophagus. Other abnormal findings included esophagitis (19.7%), and hiatal hernia (8.5%). No features of conventional cytologic dysplasia or viral cytopathic change were found. None of the cases was associated with squamous cell carcinoma, and none showed positive HPV RNA ISH results. Conclusions: No association was found between ESP and active HPV infection in our 2 cohorts. Other etiopathogenetic mechanisms, such as aging, might contribute to the development of these innocent lesions.
Experimental study of erosion behavior under fluctuating tensile loads
Authors: Dai Siwei , Fan Jianchun , Yang Siqi
Published: September 2023

When studying the erosion behavior of fracturing pipelines, it is inevitable to consider the exacerbating effect of fluctuating internal pressure on pipeline erosion damage. Therefore, an erosion experimental apparatus capable of applying fluctuating tensile loads to specimens was developed to investigate the erosion rate of 35CrMo steel at different average tensile stresses (0–500 MPa), impact angles (15–90°), flow velocity (7.5–20 m/s), and experimental times (10–60 min), and to analyze the erosion damage mechanism under fluctuating loads by observing the microstructure within the erosion scars using scanning electron microscope. The results indicated that erosion rate increased up to 36.84% compared to that without loading under the same erosion condition. Erosion rate increased up to 822.00% when velocity increased from minimum to maximum. Under fluctuating loads, the deepest part of the erosion scar cracked first and the specimen eventually fractured completely along with its entire width, demonstrating that the newly established experimental conditions can well reproduce the sudden bursting phenomenon common to high-pressure pipelines that erode under harsh conditions. The fracture of the specimen shows laminar structure, which is a typical damage feature resulting from the combined effect of a great number of tensile stress cycles and erosion wear.
Effect of Chemotherapeutics on In Vitro Immune Checkpoint Expression in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Zhao Yu , Wang Zhe , Shi Xiuhuan , Liu Ting , Yu Wenwen , Ren Xiubao , Zhao Hua
Published: September 2023

Objectives: Immune checkpoint (ICP) expression in tumor cells could directly or indirectly affect the results of immunotherapy. ICP ligands on tumor cells usually bind their immune cell receptors to inhibit the activity, resulting in tumor immune escape. Thus, the purpose of this study was to ascertain the impact of various chemotherapeutic drugs on ICP expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines with different pathological subtypes to provide a basis for the development of a superior regimen of chemotherapy combined with ICP blockade. Methods: Several first-line chemotherapy agents (cisplatin, carboplatin, paclitaxel, gemcitabine, vinorelbine, and pemetrexed) were selected to treat different NSCLC cell lines (squamous carcinoma H1703, adenocarcinoma A549, and large cell cancer H460) for 72 hours, and then the changes in ICP expression in the tumor cells were observed through flow cytometry. Results: Cisplatin, carboplatin, and paclitaxel upregulated the expressions of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and programmed cell death ligand 2 (PD-L2) in A549 and H460 cell lines. Meanwhile, vinorelbine and pemetrexed upregulated PD-L1 and PD-L2 in H1703, A549, and H460 cell lines. Paclitaxel, gemcitabine, vinorelbine, and pemetrexed significantly upregulated the expressions of both galectin-9 and high-mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) in the A549 cell line. Cisplatin and paclitaxel significantly upregulated the expressions of major histocompatibility complex-II (MHC-II), galectin-3, α-synuclein, and fibrinogen-like protein 1 (FGL1) in A549 and H460 cell lines. In addition, cisplatin and vinorelbine significantly upregulated the expressions of both CD155 and CD112 in the H460 cell line. Vinorelbine upregulated MHC-I in all three cell lines. Conclusion: Chemotherapy agents have different effects on the expression of ICP ligands in tumor cells with different pathological types, and this may affect the efficacy of combined immunotherapy. These results provide a theoretical basis for further selection and optimization of the combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy.
Study on mechanical efficiency of 65 ml/r fuel pump and its piston optimization
Authors: Ding Yang , Zhang Chenchen , Ruan Chuantan , Tong Chengwei , Ruan Jian
Published: September 2023

The 65 ml/r fuel pump proposed in this paper is a new type of large-displacement piston pump. The pump is of the roller plunger type construction. This structure enables the pump to have good performance even under high and variable speed conditions. Firstly, force analysis of this pump and establishment of mathematical model of pump mechanical efficiency. The influence of load pressure and speed on mechanical efficiency was obtained by numerical simulation through matlab. Then the prototype was designed and manufactured. The pump outlet pressure, outlet flow rate, and torque were measured on the test bench under various load pressure and speed, and mechanical efficiency of pump at various load pressure and speed was got. The experimental data and simulation are close. 65 ml/r fuel pump has a volumetric efficiency of 99% and a mechanical efficiency of 58.6% at a load pressure of 3 MPa and a speed of 1500 rpm. From experimental results, 65 ml/r fuel pump volumetric efficiency is high, but there is a problem of low mechanical efficiency. The piston of pump will be optimized for improved mechanical efficiency of pump. Then mechanical efficiency of the optimized pump is calculated and compared with mechanical efficiency before optimization. Results show that piston optimization will increase mechanical efficiency of pump.
Design and analysis of thermal protection and load-bearing integrated structure of the telescopic wing
Authors: Xiao Hong , Guo Hongwei , Li Chunfeng , Xie Dongdong , Xie Chunlei , Liu Rongqiang
Published: September 2023

A novel three-layer integrated structure was designed to meet the thermal-insulation and load-bearing requirements of high-speed telescopic wing aircraft. The structure consists of heat shield layer, load-bearing skeleton, and pyramid lattice structure filled with aerogel to achieve the insulation function. Sensitivity analysis of the design parameters and optimal design of the integrated structure was carried out, and the structure was optimized by using response surface method. Compared to the initial structure, the optimized structure has an equivalent thermal conductivity of 0.0276, reduced by 40%, and a relative density of [Formula: see text], reduced by 3.7%. And it has a thermal conductivity that is over 20% lower than that of ceramic insulating tiles. Then, the integrated structure was regarded as a homogeneous plate, and the equivalent mechanical and thermal parameters were determined and verified by simulation and experimental results. The equivalence error was controlled within 10%. Finally, a simulation model of the telescopic wing was established. The result shows that the maximum deformation under 20 kPa surface pressure is 3.96 mm. The temperature resistance of the structure surface is up to 1500°C, and the wing internal temperature is controlled within 200°C after 1200 s of thermal loading. The results verified that the integrated structure meets the requirement of a high-speed telescopic wing.
Analytical modeling and experimental verification of churning torque for cam guide rails of 2D piston pump
Authors: Zhang Chenchen , Chen Yi , Zhu Chenhang , Ding Chuan , Li Sheng , Ruan Jian
Published: September 2023

For 2D piston pump the churning torque of its cam guide rails at high speed is one of the main sources of mechanical efficiency loss. To conveniently calculate the churning torque and also provide guidance for future optimization of churning torque reduction, an accurate analytical model of constant acceleration and constant deceleration cam guide rail assembly of the stacked-rollers 2D piston pump is established, where the whole churning torque is divided into the peripheral churning torque, the pushing flow churning torque, and the end face churning torque. Then the analytical model is verified by CFD simulation preliminarily. Analytical modeling shows that at 16,000 rpm, the churning torque reaches about 0.826 N m, where the peripheral churning torque, the pushing flow churning torque, and the end face churning torque account for about 55.4%, 37.3%, and 7.3% of the total torque respectively, indicating that the structural parameters related to the pushing flow torque should be optimized with first priority at high rotational speed. Finally, the churning torque at 1000–16,000 rpm was experimentally measured and the influence of oil temperature was considered. The experimental results are in good agreement with the results of analytical modeling and CFD simulation, thus verifying the correctness of the proposed analytical model.
Impact of preexisting autoimmune disease on myelodysplastic syndromes outcomes: a population analysis
Authors: Adrianzen-Herrera Diego , Sparks Andrew D. , Singh Rohit , Alejos-Castillo David , Batra Akshee , Glushakow-Smith Shira , Pradhan Kith , Shastri Aditi , Zakai Neil A.
Published: September 2023

Preexisting autoimmune disease affects between 10% and 30% of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Studies comparing outcomes in patients with MDS with and without autoimmune disease show discordant results. Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Medicare database, we conducted a population analysis to define the impact of autoimmunity on MDS outcomes. Cases were ascertained between 2007 and 2017 and claim algorithms used to identify autoimmune disease, demographic characteristics, comorbidity scores, MDS histology, transfusion burden, treatment with hypomethylating agents, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Cox regression models estimated the impact on survival, and competing-risk regression models defined the effect on leukemic transformation. We analyzed 15 277 patients with MDS, including 2442 (16%) with preexisting autoimmune disease. The epidemiologic profile was distinctive in cases with preexisting autoimmunity, who were younger, were predominantly female, and had higher transfusion burden without difference in MDS histologic distribution. Autoimmune disease was associated with 11% decreased risk of death (hazard ratio [HR], 0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.85-0.94; P < .001). The effect on risk of leukemic transformation differed based on MDS histology. In low-risk MDS histologies, autoimmunity was associated with a 1.9-fold increased risk of leukemia (HR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.17-2.99; P = .008), whereas no significant effect was seen in other groups. These results suggest that autoimmune disease affects survival in MDS and is associated with decreased mortality. The survival effect was evident in low-risk histologies despite higher risk of progression to leukemia. This could represent inflammation-driven hematopoiesis, simultaneously favoring less aggressive phenotypes and clonal expansion, which warrants further investigation.
COVID-19 in patients with classic and variant hairy cell leukemia
Authors: Kreitman Robert J. , Yu Theresa , James Lacey , Feurtado Julie , Eager Holly , Ortiz Olena Sierra , Gould Mory , Mauter Jack , Zhou Hong , Burbelo Peter D. , Cohen Jeffrey I. , Wang Hao-Wei , Yuan Constance M. , Arons Evgeny
Published: September 2023

Hairy cell leukemia (HCL), similar to its variant HCLv, is a B-cell malignancy associated with decreased humoral immunity. We prospectively monitored the largest cohort of patients with HCL/HCLv to date (n = 503) for COVID-19 by symptoms, antibody, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and/or antigen positivity. Fifty percent (253 of 503) of the patients with HCL/HCLv (238 HCL and 15 HCLv) had evidence of COVID-19, with 210 (83%) testing positive by PCR or rapid-antigen test. Of the 43 patients without positive tests, all had nucleocapsid antibodies indicating COVID-19 exposure, 7 recalled no symptoms, and 36 had mild symptoms. Of the 210 who tested positive, 23, 46, 129, and 12 cases occurred in 2020, 2021, 2022, and 2023, respectively. Among them, 175 began treatment for HCL/HCLv 0.4 to 429 (median, 66) months before, and 132 had their last dose of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody 0.2 to 229 (median, 63) months before. Two patients died, including a young woman who began rituximab 2 months after first-line cladribine before vaccine availability. Nearly all patients with HCL/HCLv recovered uneventfully from COVID-19 including those without vaccination or those with significant immunosuppression and recent treatment. However, decreased normal B cells from HCL or treatment was associated with lower spike antibody levels as a response to COVID-19 (P = .0094) and longer recovery time (P = .0036). Thus, in a large cohort of patients with HCL/HCLv and in the first to determine relationships between COVID-19 outcome and immune markers, mortality was relatively low (∼1%), sequelae were uncommon, and recovery from COVID-19 was longer if normal B cells were low after recent treatment. The trials are registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01087333 and #NCT04362865.
Overall survival of patients with cHL who progress after autologous stem cell transplant: results in the novel agent era
Authors: Desai Sanjal H. , Spinner Michael A , Evens Andrew M. , Sykorova Alice , Bachanova Veronika , Goyal Gaurav , Kahl Brad , Dorritie Kathleen , Azzi Jacues , Kenkre Vaishalee P. , Chang Cheryl , Michalka Jozef , Ansell Stephen M. , Fusco Brendon , Sumransub Nuttavut , Hatic Haris , Saba Raya , Ibrahim Uroosa , Harris Elyse I. , Shah Harsh , Wagner-Johnston Nina , Arai Sally , Nowakowski Grzegorz S. , Mocikova Heidi , Jagadeesh Deepa , Blum Kristie A. , Diefenbach Catherine , Iyengar Siddharth , Rappazzo K. C. , Baidoun Firas , Choi Yun , Prochazka Vit , Advani Ranjana H. , Micallef Ivana
Published: September 2023

In the pre–novel agent era, the median postprogression overall survival (PPS) of patients with classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) who progress after autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) was 2 to 3 years. Recently, checkpoint inhibitors (CPI) and brentuximab vedotin (BV) have improved the depth and durability of response in this population. Here, we report the estimate of PPS in patients with relapsed cHL after ASCT in the era of CPI and BV. In this multicenter retrospective study of 15 participating institutions, adult patients with relapsed cHL after ASCT were included. Study objective was postprogression overall survival (PPS), defined as the time from posttransplant progression to death or last follow-up. Of 1158 patients who underwent ASCT, 367 had progressive disease. Median age was 34 years (range, 27-46) and 192 were male. Median PPS was 114.57 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 91-not achieved) or 9.5 years. In multivariate analysis, increasing age, progression within 6 months, and pre-ASCT positive positron emission tomography scan were associated with inferior PPS. When adjusted for these features, patients who received CPI, but not BV, as first treatment for post-ASCT progression had significantly higher PPS than the no CPI/no BV group (hazard ratio, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.6-7.8; P = .001). Receipt of allogeneic SCT (Allo-SCT) did not improve PPS. In the era of novel agents, progressive cHL after ASCT had long survival that compares favorably with previous reports. Patients who receive CPI as first treatment for progression had higher PPS. Receipt to Allo-SCT was not associated with PPS in this population.
Menstrual migraine is caused by estrogen withdrawal: revisiting the evidence
Authors: Raffaelli Bianca , Do Thien Phu , Chaudhry Basit Ali , Ashina Messoud , Amin Faisal Mohammad , Ashina Håkan
Published: September 2023

Objective

To explore and critically appraise the evidence supporting the role of estrogen withdrawal in menstrual migraine.

Main body

Menstrual migraine, impacting about 6% of reproductive-age women, manifests as migraine attacks closely related to the menstrual cycle. The estrogen withdrawal hypothesis posits that the premenstrual drop in estrogen levels serves as a trigger of migraine attacks. Despite its wide acceptance, the current body of evidence supporting this hypothesis remains limited, warranting further validation. Estrogen is believed to exert a modulatory effect on pain, particularly within the trigeminovascular system – the anatomic and physiologic substrate of migraine pathogenesis. Nevertheless, existing studies are limited by methodologic inconsistencies, small sample sizes, and variable case definitions, precluding definitive conclusions. To improve our understanding of menstrual migraine, future research should concentrate on untangling the intricate interplay between estrogen, the trigeminovascular system, and migraine itself. This necessitates the use of robust methods, larger sample sizes, and standardized case definitions to surmount the limitations encountered in previous investigations.

Conclusion

Further research is thus needed to ascertain the involvement of estrogen withdrawal in menstrual migraine and advance the development of effective management strategies to address unmet treatment needs.