bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mannose enhances the radio-sensitivity of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with low MPI expression by suppressing glycolysis
Authors: Luo Hui , Wang Xiaohui , Wang Yunhan , Dan Qinfu , Ge Hong
Published: January 2022

Background

To investigate the effect of mannose on radio-sensitivity of human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cell line and its possible mechanism.

Methods

The expression of mannose phosphate isomerase (MPI) in human esophageal cancer cell lines were detected by Western blot. The inhibitory effect of mannose on human esophageal cancer cell lines were observed by MTT assay. Plate clone formation assay was performed to investigate the efficacy of mannose on radio-sensitivity of human esophageal cancer cells. The apoptosis rates of tumor cells treated with mannose and/or radiation therapy was calculated by flow cytometry. Furthermore, we analyzed intracellular metabolites using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry to identify selective sugar metabolites.

Results

MPI expression was various in human esophageal cancer cells. KYSE70 cells was associated with the highest MPI expression whereas KYSE450 cells had the lowest MPI expression level. When administrated with 11.1 mM/L mannose, the same inhibitory effect was observed in both KYSE70 and KYSE450 cell lines. Moreover, the inhibitory effect was significant on KYSE450 cell lines with an increased mannose concentration. The application of 11.1 mM/L mannose could significantly enhance the radio-sensitivity of KYSE450 cell line; and tumor cell apoptosis rate was also increased. However, there was limited efficacy of mannose on the radio-sensitivity and apoptosis rate of KYSE70 cell line. Additionally, intracellular metabolites analyzation revealed that glycolysis could be disturbed by mannose when combined with radiation therapy in esophageal cancer cells.

Conclusion

In esophageal cancer cell lines with low MPI expression, the administration of mannose was associated with enhanced radio-sensitivity.
Cerebral vasculitis caused by Talaromyces marneffei and Aspergillus niger in a HIV-positive patient: a case report and literature review
Authors: Gao Yidong , Qu Man , Song Chao , Yin Lufeng , Zhang Min
Published: January 2022

Cerebral vasculitis is a long-standing but flourishing and fadeless research topic. Infections are a frequent cause of cerebral vasculitis, vital to diagnose due to involvement of specific anti-infection treatments. A 65-year-old man visited the hospital for his neurological symptoms without obvious inducements. After admission, radiological examination and comprehensive conventional microbiological tests (CMTs) revealed suspected intracranial infectious vasculitis. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction further confirmed that his cerebral vasculitis was caused by Talaromyces marneffei (T. marneffei) and Aspergillus niger (A. niger) co-infection. The patient’s final diagnosis changed from initial herpetic encephalitis, due to the past history of cephalosome and facial herpes and non-significant antiviral therapeutic effects, to fungal cerebral vasculitis. The patient was discharged after use of targeted antifungal therapies on day 18 of his admission, and his associated symptoms disappeared completely at follow-up 3 weeks later. We first illustrated the presence of uncommon cerebral vasculitis caused by T. marneffei and A. niger in a human immunodeficiency virus-positive patient. In clinically suspected patients with infectious cerebral vasculitis, mNGS should be performed to detect potential pathogens if CMTs may not provide useful pathogenic clues, highlighting the importance of mNGS in the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases.
From Bench to the Clinic: The Path to Translation of Nanotechnology-Enabled mRNA SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
Authors: Lopez-Cantu Diana O. , Wang Xichi , Carrasco-Magallanes Hector , Afewerki Samson , Zhang Xingcai , Bonventre Joseph V. , Ruiz-Esparza Guillermo U.
Published: January 2022

During the last decades, the use of nanotechnology in medicine has effectively been translated to the design of drug delivery systems, nanostructured tissues, diagnostic platforms, and novel nanomaterials against several human diseases and infectious pathogens. Nanotechnology-enabled vaccines have been positioned as solutions to mitigate the pandemic outbreak caused by the novel pathogen severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. To fast-track the development of vaccines, unprecedented industrial and academic collaborations emerged around the world, resulting in the clinical translation of effective vaccines in less than one year. In this article, we provide an overview of the path to translation from the bench to the clinic of nanotechnology-enabled messenger ribonucleic acid vaccines and examine in detail the types of delivery systems used, their mechanisms of action, obtained results during each phase of their clinical development and their regulatory approval process. We also analyze how nanotechnology is impacting global health and economy during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.
A Comparison of CPU and GPU Implementations for the LHCb Experiment Run 3 Trigger
Authors: Aaij R. , Adinolfi M. , Aiola S. , Akar S. , Albrecht J. , Alexander M. , Amato S. , Amhis Y. , Archilli F. , Bala M. , Bassi G. , Bian L. , Blago M. P. , Boettcher T. , Boldyrev A. , Borghi S. , Rodriguez A. Brea , Calefice L. , Gomez M. Calvo , Pérez D. H. Cámpora , Cardini A. , Cattaneo M. , Chobanova V. , Ciezarek G. , Vidal X. Cid , Cobbledick J. L. , Coelho J. A. B. , Colombo T. , Contu A. , Couturier B. , Craik D. C. , Currie R. , d’Argent P. , De Cian M. , Derkach D. , Dordei F. , Dorigo M. , Dufour L. , Durante P. , Dziurda A. , Dzyuba A. , Easo S. , Esen S. , Declara P. Fernandez , Filippov S. , Fitzpatrick C. , Frank M. , Gandini P. , Gligorov V. V. , Golobardes E. , Graziani G. , Grillo L. , Günther P. A. , Hansmann-Menzemer S. , Hennequin A. M. , Henry L. , Hill D. , Hollitt S. E. , Hu J. , Hulsbergen W. , Hunter R. J. , Hushchyn M. , Jashal B. K. , Jones C. R. , Klaver S. , Klimaszewski K. , Kopecna R. , Krzemien W. , Kucharczyk M. , Lane R. , Lazzari F. , Gac R. Le , Li P. , Lopes J. H. , Martinez M. Lucio , Lupato A. , Lupton O. , Lyu X. , Machefert F. , Madejczyk O. , Malde S. , Marchand J. F. , Mariani S. , Benito C. Marin , Santos D. Martinez , Vidal F. Martinez , Matev R. , Mazurek M. , Mitreska B. , Mitzel D. S. , Morello M. J. , Mu H. , Muzzetto P. , Naik P. , Needham M. , Neri N. , Neufeld N. , Nolte N. S. , O’Hanlon D. , Oyanguren A. , Altarelli M. Pepe , Petrucci S. , Petruzzo M. , Pica L. , Pisani F. , Piucci A. , Polci F. , Poluektov A. , Polycarpo E. , Prouve C. , Punzi G. , Quagliani R. , Trejo R. I. Rabadan , Pernas M. Ramos , Rangel M. S. , Ratnikov F. , Raven G. , Reiss F. , Renaudin V. , Robbe P. , Ryzhikov A. , Santimaria M. , Saur M. , Schiller M. , Schwemmer R. , Sciascia B. , Solomin A. , Suljik F. , Skidmore N. , Sokoloff M. D. , Spradlin P. , Stahl M. , Stahl S. , Stevens H. , Sun L. , Szabelski A. , Szumlak T. , Szymanski M. , Tou D. Y. , Tuci G. , Usachov A. , Canudas N. Valls , Gomez R. Vazquez , Vecchi S. , Vesterinen M. , Vilasis-Cardona X. , Bruch D. Vom , Wang Z. , Wojton T. , Whitehead M. , Williams M. , Witek M. , Xie Y. , Xu A. , Yin H. , Zdybal M. , Zenaiev O. , Zhang D. , Zhang L. , Zhu X. ,   The LHCb Collaboration
Published: January 2022

The Large Hadron Collider beauty (LHCb) experiment at CERN is undergoing an upgrade in preparation for the Run 3 data collection period at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). As part of this upgrade, the trigger is moving to a full software implementation operating at the LHC bunch crossing rate. We present an evaluation of a CPU-based and a GPU-based implementation of the first stage of the high-level trigger. After a detailed comparison, both options are found to be viable. This document summarizes the performance and implementation details of these options, the outcome of which has led to the choice of the GPU-based implementation as the baseline.
Three Novel Variants of CEP290 and CC2D2DA and a Link Between ZNF77 and SHH Signaling Pathway Are Found in Two Meckel-Gruber Syndrome Fetuses
Authors: Hong Zhidan , He Xuanyi , Yu Fang , Liu Huanyu , Zhang Xiaoli , Zhang Yuanzhen
Published: January 2022

Meckel-Gruber syndrome (MKS) is a rare lethal autosomal recessive inherited disorder. Missed diagnosis might happen in clinical works due to an unclear genotype–phenotype correlation. We analyzed two families visiting our center; the parents are normal; each of the family aborted a fetus at 12WG. Following ultrasonography and pathological examination, both were diagnosed as MKS. Whole exome sequencing identified a compound heterozygous of two novel variants of CEP290 and a heterozygous of a novel variant of CC2D2A. Frameshift mutations in ZNF77 were also detected. Western blot analyzing whole-brain tissue showed that the expression of ZNF77, CC2D2A, and CEP290 was enhanced. HEK293T transfected with over-expression wildtype/mutated ZNF77 plasmid showed that SHH was increased in wildtype ZNF77 cells, while SHH and CC2D2A were increased in mutated ZNF77 cells. Our research provided two novel pathogenic variants of CEP290 and CC2D2A and suggested that ZNF77 might promote the expression of CC2D2A and regulate the amount of SHH.
Comparison of Therapeutic Outcomes of Transabdominal Pararectus Approach and Modified Stoppa Approach in Treating Pelvic and Acetabular Fractures
Authors: Liu Wei , Yang Hongbin , Yu Zhenyan , Zhao Yu , Hu Jigong , Li Benyang , Zhu Yechong
Published: January 2022

Objective

Pelvic and acetabular fractures are common orthopedic diseases, and this research was to investigate the therapeutic effects of pararectus and Stoppa approaches in treating complex pelvic acetabular fractures.

Methods

The clinical information of patients with pelvic and acetabular fractures treated surgically in Lu'an Hospital of Chinese medicine, China from January 2016 to April 2020 was analyzed. There were 30 cases each in the transabdominal pararectus approach and modified Stoppa approach groups. The operation time, incision length, blood loss, and postoperative complications of both groups were recorded according to the Merle d'Aubigné-Postel hip score. The recovery of hip function was evaluated 6 months after surgery, and the clinical and therapeutic efficacies of the two groups were compared.

Results

The patients were followed up for 6–7 months (average, 6.5 months). The average operation time, incision length, and blood loss in the pararectus and Stoppa approach groups were 180 ± 41.105 min, 8.667 ± 1.373 cm, 259.667 ± 382 mL and 202.667 ± 32.793 min, 11.600 ± 1.958 cm, and 353.667 ± 590 mL, respectively. The satisfactory rate of fracture reduction, excellent and good rate of hip function score, and incidence of complications were 28/30, 27/30, 1/30 and 25/30, 25/30, 3/30, respectively. There were significant differences in operation time, incision length, and blood loss between the two groups (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the excellent and good rate of hip function score, fracture reduction satisfaction, and complication rate between both groups (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

The pararectus approach can reveal the better anatomical structure of the pelvis and acetabulum, such as the corona mortis and quadrilateral plate, for conducive fracture reduction and fixation. It can also effectively shorten the length of the incision, reduce operative blood loss, and shorten the operation time. It is a better choice for the clinical treatment of complex pelvic and acetabular fractures.
Daily Activity Recognition and Tremor Quantification from Accelerometer Data for Patients with Essential Tremor Using Stacked Denoising Autoencoders
Authors: Ni Qin , Fan Zhuo , Zhang Lei , Zhang Bo , Zheng Xiaochen , Zhang Yuping
Published: January 2022

Human activity recognition (HAR) has received more and more attention, which is able to play an important role in many fields, such as healthcare and intelligent home. Thus, we have discussed an application of activity recognition in the healthcare field in this paper. Essential tremor (ET) is a common neurological disorder that can make people with this disease rise involuntary tremor. Nowadays, the disease is easy to be misdiagnosed as other diseases. We have combined the essential tremor and activity recognition to recognize ET patients’ activities and evaluate the degree of ET for providing an auxiliary analysis toward disease diagnosis by utilizing stacked denoising autoencoder (SDAE) model. Meanwhile, it is difficult for model to learn enough useful features due to the small behavior dataset from ET patients. Thus, resampling techniques are proposed to alleviate small sample size and imbalanced samples problems. In our experiment, 20 patients with ET and 5 healthy people have been chosen to collect their acceleration data for activity recognition. The experimental results show the significant result on ET patients activity recognition and the SDAE model has achieved an overall accuracy of 93.33%. What’s more, this model is also used to evaluate the degree of ET and has achieved the accuracy of 95.74%. According to a set of experiments, the model we used is able to acquire significant performance on ET patients activity recognition and degree of tremor assessment.
GLE-Net: A Global and Local Ensemble Network for Aerial Object Detection
Authors: Liao Jiajia , Liu Yujun , Piao Yingchao , Su Jinhe , Cai Guorong , Wu Yundong
Published: January 2022

Recent advances in camera-equipped drone applications increased the demand for visual object detection algorithms with deep learning for aerial images. There are several limitations in accuracy for a single deep learning model. Inspired by ensemble learning can significantly improve the generalization ability of the model in the machine learning field, we introduce a novel integration strategy to combine the inference results of two different methods without non-maximum suppression. In this paper, a global and local ensemble network (GLE-Net) was proposed to increase the quality of predictions by considering the global weights for different models and adjusting the local weights for bounding boxes. Specifically, the global module assigns different weights to models. In the local module, we group the bounding boxes that corresponding to the same object as a cluster. Each cluster generates a final predict box and assigns the highest score in the cluster as the score of the final predict box. Experiments on benchmarks VisDrone2019 show promising performance of GLE-Net compared with the baseline network.
A Novel Design of Morlet Wavelet to Solve the Dynamics of Nervous Stomach Nonlinear Model
Authors: Sabir Zulqurnain , Raja Muhammad Asif Zahoor , Mahmoud S. R. , Balubaid Mohammed , Algarni Ali , Alghtani Abdulaziz H. , Aly Ayman A. , Le Dac-Nhuong
Published: January 2022

The present study introduces a novel design of Morlet wavelet neural network (MWNN) models to solve a class of a nonlinear nervous stomach system represented with governing ODEs systems via three categories, tension, food and medicine, i.e., TFM model. The comprehensive detail of each category is designated together with the sleep factor, food rate, tension rate, medicine factor and death rate are also provided. The computational structure of MWNNs along with the global search ability of genetic algorithm (GA) and local search competence of active-set algorithms (ASAs), i.e., MWNN-GA-ASAs is applied to solve the TFM model. The optimization of an error function, for nonlinear TFM model and its related boundary conditions, is performed using the hybrid heuristics of GA-ASAs. The performance of the obtained outcomes through MWNN-GA-ASAs for solving the nonlinear TFM model is compared with the results of state of the article numerical computing paradigm via Adams methods to validate the precision of the MWNN-GA-ASAs. Moreover, statistical assessments studies for 50 independent trials with 10 neuron-based networks further authenticate the efficacy, reliability and consistent convergence of the proposed MWNN-GA-ASAs.
Correlation between ABO Blood Group Phenotype and the Risk of COVID-19 Infection and Severity of Disease in a Saudi Arabian Cohort
Authors: Jawdat Dunia , Hajeer Ali , Massadeh Salam , Aljawini Nora , Abedalthagafi Malak S. , Alaamery Manal
Published: January 2022

Background

Disease severity among patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 varies remarkably. Preliminary studies reported that the ABO blood group system confers differential viral susceptibility and disease severity caused by SARS-CoV-2. Thus, differences in ABO blood group phenotypes may partly explain the observed heterogeneity in COVID-19 severity patterns, and could help identify individuals at increased risk. Herein, we explored the association between ABO blood group phenotypes and COVID-19 susceptibility and severity in a Saudi Arabian cohort.

Methods

In this retrospective cohort study, we performed ABO typing on a total of 373 Saudi patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 and conducted association analysis between ABO blood group phenotype and COVID-19 infection severity. We then performed gender-stratified analysis by dividing the participating patients into two groups by gender, and classified them according to age.

Results

The frequencies of blood group phenotypes A, B, AB and O were 27.3, 23.6, 5.4 and 43.7%, respectively. We found that blood group phenotype O was associated with a lower risk of testing positive for COVID-19 infection (OR 0.76 95% CI 0.62–0.95, p = 0.0113), while blood group phenotype B was associated with higher odds of testing positive (OR 1.51 95% CI 1.17–1.93, p = 0.0009). However, blood group phenotype B was associated with increased risk in the mild and moderate group but not the severe COVID-19 infection group. Blood group phenotype O was protective in all severity groups.

Conclusion

Our findings provide evidence that blood group phenotype B is a risk for COVID-19 disease while blood group phenotype O is protective from COVID-19 infection. However, further studies are necessary to validate these associations in a larger sample size and among individuals of different ethnic groups.
KaKs_Calculator 3.0: Calculating Selective Pressure on Coding and Non-Coding Sequences
Authors: Zhang Zhang
Published: January 2022

KaKs_Calculator 3.0 is an updated toolkit that is capable of calculating selective pressure on both coding and non-coding sequences. Similar to the nonsynonymous/synonymous substitution rate ratio for coding sequences, selection on non-coding sequences can be quantified as the ratio of non-coding nucleotide substitution rate to synonymous substitution rate of adjacent coding sequences. As testified on empirical data, KaKs_Calculator 3.0 shows effectiveness to detect the strength and mode of selection operated on molecular sequences, accordingly demonstrating its great potential to achieve genome-wide scan of natural selection on diverse sequences and identification of potentially functional elements at a whole-genome scale. The package of KaKs_Calculator 3.0 is freely available for academic use only at https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/biocode/tools/BT000001.
A Normative Brain MRI Database of Neurotypical Participants from 5 to 90 Years of Age
Authors: Treit Sarah , Rickard Julia N. , Stolz Emily , Solar Kevin , Seres Peter , Emery Derek , Beaulieu Christian
Published: January 2022

Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of clinical populations often require comparison to a normative ‘control’ cohort, usually of similar age/sex, scanned with the same protocol. The goal here was to create a normative brain MRI database of common quantitative methods to be used in comparisons with a variety of neurological disorders across the lifespan. 378 neurotypical controls (aged 5–90 years; median 31 years; 216 females, 162 males) completed brain MRI, cognitive testing, clinical assessment, and a demographics questionnaire. In addition, this large normative sample will yield novel insight into healthy brain development and aging.
THE DISCONTINUITY PROBLEM
Authors: BRATTKA VASCO
Published: January 2022

Matthias Schröder has asked the question whether there is a weakest discontinuous problem in the topological version of the Weihrauch lattice. Such a problem can be considered as the weakest unsolvable problem. We introduce the discontinuity problem, and we show that it is reducible exactly to the effectively discontinuous problems, defined in a suitable way. However, in which sense this answers Schröder’s question sensitively depends on the axiomatic framework that is chosen, and it is a positive answer if we work in Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory with dependent choice and the axiom of determinacy
$\mathsf {AD}$
. On the other hand, using the full axiom of choice, one can construct problems which are discontinuous, but not effectively so. Hence, the exact situation at the bottom of the Weihrauch lattice sensitively depends on the axiomatic setting that we choose. We prove our result using a variant of Wadge games for mathematical problems. While the existence of a winning strategy for Player II characterizes continuity of the problem (as already shown by Nobrega and Pauly), the existence of a winning strategy for Player I characterizes effective discontinuity of the problem. By Weihrauch determinacy we understand the condition that every problem is either continuous or effectively discontinuous. This notion of determinacy is a fairly strong notion, as it is not only implied by the axiom of determinacy
$\mathsf {AD}$
, but it also implies Wadge determinacy. We close with a brief discussion of generalized notions of productivity.
Thucydides's Tragic Science of Democratic Defeat
Authors: Fisher Mark
Published: January 2022

This article reinterprets Thucydides's analysis of the post-Periclean turn in Athenian politics by reading it within the context of contemporary “tragic” and “scientific” explanatory traditions. It finds in this analysis an ambitious attempt to reinvent the traditional, tragic pattern of hubris-driven reversal by reinterpreting its underlying causal logic according to a scientific perspective in which the overdetermining effects of deities are replaced by the variable power dynamics of democratic deliberation. The resultant analysis identifies a change in the relative standing of leaders as the determining cause of democratic reversal, not the absolute decline in leadership, thus tracing the Athenian turn towards hubris, great error, and civil discord to the egalitarian ordering of the post-Periclean assembly. In so doing, it shows how Thucydides's analysis posed a powerful challenge to previous attempts, both tragic and scientific, to prognosticate the fate of imperial democracy, as well as offering an exemplary moment of Thucydides's synthetic approach towards tragic and scientific explanatory perspectives.
STONE TOOL FUNCTIONS, HOUSEHOLD ACTIVITIES, AND FORMATIVE LITHIC ECONOMIES IN NORTHERN TLAXCALA, MEXICO
Authors: Walton David P.
Published: January 2022

High-magnification use-wear analyses create datasets that enable microeconomic studies of lithic consumption and household activities that complement macroeconomic studies of lithic production and exchange to collectively improve our reconstructions of ancient economies. In recent decades, compositional and technological analyses have revealed how certain obsidian sources and lithic technologies were exploited, produced, and exchanged in Mexico's central highlands region during the Formative period (1500b.c.–a.d.100). This article presents use-wear analyses of 275 lithic artifacts from four sites in northern Tlaxcala—Amomoloc (900–650b.c.), Tetel (750–500b.c.), Las Mesitas (600–500b.c.), and La Laguna (600–400b.c.and 100b.c.–a.d.150)—to compare household activities with lithic technologies and evaluate their roles in regional economies. Blades were used for subsistence and domestic crafting; maguey fiber extraction for textile production increased over time, especially in non-elite households. The preparation and consumption of meat acquired by hunting and other methods increased slightly over time, and bipolar tools were used as kitchen utensils. Bloodletting was practiced with two variations of late-series pressure blades, but these and other tools were neither exchanged as nor used to craft prestige goods, often viewed as driving forces of Formative economies in Mesoamerica.
June–September 2021
Authors: Cranmer Frank
Published: January 2022

Though public policy continued to be dominated by the COVID-19 pandemic, restrictions began to ease as the vaccine rollout progressed. The volume of secondary legislation barely slackened, however, and the lack of parliamentary scrutiny was a cause of concern both to academic commentators and to parliamentarians. On 10 June, the House of Lords Constitution Committee published its third and final report on the constitutional implications of coronavirus and was clearly very unhappy with the course of events: ‘The Government has introduced a large volume of new legislation, much of it transforming everyday life and introducing unprecedented restrictions on ordinary activities. Yet parliamentary oversight of these significant policy decisions has been extremely limited.’
Further development of the intolerance of uncertainty model of GAD: a case series
Authors: Chigwedere Craig , Moran Judy
Published: January 2022

Intolerance of uncertainty (IoU) is important in the development and maintenance of worry and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD; Dugas et al., 1997). However, it remains unclear why some people respond so negatively to uncertainty and have poor clinical outcomes. We adapted the IoU model to include the influence of developmental and/or attachment factors, and their possible importance to intolerability of uncertainty and associated hypothetical worries. Seven consecutive GAD referrals for CBT were naturalistically treated with the novel approach. All participants completed the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7; Spitzer et al., 2006), the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ; Meyer et al., 1990), as well as a novel 10-item Premonition Bias Questionnaire (PBQ; C. Chigwedere et al., unpublished). From pre- to post-treatment, results for both GAD (p=.001) and worry (p=.005) improved significantly. Clinically significant change or a post-treatment score within the normal population range were observed for both the GAD-7 and PSWQ. The change in believability of worry, measured on the PBQ was also significant from pre- to post-treatment (p=.008). Overall, the novel approach may be an alternative approach to treating GAD, with some potential, both as an adjunctive or standalone treatment. However, this is a small case series and the presented novel approach requires empirical support and evaluation in larger experimental studies.
THE GENEALOGY OF ‘’
Authors: ELKIND LANDON D. C. , ZACH RICHARD
Published: January 2022

The use of the symbol$\mathbin {\boldsymbol {\vee }}$for disjunction in formal logic is ubiquitous. Where did it come from? The paper details the evolution of the symbol$\mathbin {\boldsymbol {\vee }}$in its historical and logical context. Some sources say that disjunction in its use as connecting propositions or formulas was introduced by Peano; others suggest that it originated as an abbreviation of the Latin word for “or,”vel. We show that the origin of the symbol$\mathbin {\boldsymbol {\vee }}$for disjunction can be traced to Whitehead and Russell’s pre-Principiawork in formal logic. Because ofPrincipia’s influence, its notation was widely adopted by philosophers working in logic (the logical empiricists in the 1920s and 1930s, especially Carnap and early Quine). Hilbert’s adoption of$\mathbin {\boldsymbol {\vee }}$in hisGrundzüge der theoretischen Logikguaranteed its widespread use by mathematical logicians. The origins of other logical symbols are also discussed.
Carbon Accumulation, Flux, and Fate in Stordalen Mire, a Permafrost Peatland in Transition
Authors: Holmes M. E. , Crill P. M. , Burnett W. C. , McCalley C. K. , Wilson R. M. , Frolking S. , Chang K.‐Y. , Riley W. J. , Varner R. K. , Hodgkins S. B. ,   IsoGenie Project Coordinators,   IsoGenie Field Team, McNichol A. P. , Saleska S. R. , Rich V. I. , Chanton J. P.
Published: January 2022

Stordalen Mire is a peatland in the discontinuous permafrost zone in arctic Sweden that exhibits a habitat gradient from permafrost palsa, to Sphagnum bog underlain by permafrost, to Eriophorum‐dominated fully thawed fen. We used three independent approaches to evaluate the annual, multi‐decadal, and millennial apparent carbon accumulation rates (aCAR) across this gradient: seven years of direct semi‐continuous measurement of CO2 and CH4 exchange, and 21 core profiles for 210Pb and 14C peat dating. Year‐round chamber measurements indicated net carbon balance of −13 ± 8, −49 ± 15, and −91 ± 43 g C m−2 y−1 for the years 2012–2018 in palsa, bog, and fen, respectively. Methane emission offset 2%, 7%, and 17% of the CO2 uptake rate across this gradient. Recent aCAR indicates higher C accumulation rates in surface peats in the palsa and bog compared to current CO2 fluxes, but these assessments are more similar in the fen. aCAR increased from low millennial‐scale levels (17–29 g C m−2 y−1) to moderate aCAR of the past century (72–81 g C m−2 y−1) to higher recent aCAR of 90–147 g C m−2 y−1. Recent permafrost collapse, greater inundation and vegetation response has made the landscape a stronger CO2 sink, but this CO2 sink is increasingly offset by rising CH4 emissions, dominated by modern carbon as determined by 14C. The higher CH4 emissions result in higher net CO2‐equivalent emissions, indicating that radiative forcing of this mire and similar permafrost ecosystems will exert a warming influence on future climate.
Rock Glacier Characteristics Under Semiarid Climate Conditions in the Western Nyainqêntanglha Range, Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Buckel Johannes , Reinosch Eike , Voigtländer Anne , Dietze Michael , Bücker Matthias , Krebs Nora , Schroeckh Ruben , Mäusbacher Roland , Hördt Andreas
Published: January 2022

Rock glaciers are receiving increased attention as a potential source of water and indicator of climate change in periglacial landscapes. They consist of an ice‐debris mixture, which creeps downslope. Although rock glaciers are a wide‐spread feature on the Tibetan Plateau, characteristics such as its ice fraction are unknown as a superficial debris layer inhibits remote assessments. We investigate one rock glacier in the semiarid western Nyainqêntanglha range (WNR) with a multi‐method approach, which combines geophysical, geological and geomorphological field investigations with remote sensing techniques. Long‐term kinematics of the rock glacier are detected by 4‐year InSAR time series analysis. The ice content and the active layer are examined by electrical resistivity tomography, ground penetrating radar, and environmental seismology. Short‐term activity (11‐days) is captured by a seismic network. Clast analysis shows a sorting of the rock glacier's debris. The rock glacier has three zones, which are defined by the following characteristics: (a) Two predominant lithology types are preserved separately in the superficial debris patterns, (b) heterogeneous kinematics and seismic activity, and (c) distinct ice fractions. Conceptually, the studied rock glacier is discussed as an endmember of the glacier—debris‐covered glacier—rock glacier continuum. This, in turn, can be linked to its location on the semiarid lee‐side of the mountain range against the Indian summer monsoon. Geologically preconditioned and glacially overprinted, the studied rock glacier is suggested to be a recurring example for similar rock glaciers in the WNR. This study highlights how geology, topography and climate influence rock glacier characteristics and development.
Fusion of a low-cost electronic nose and Fourier transform near-infrared spectroscopy for qualitative and quantitative detection of beef adulterated with duck
Authors: Han Fangkai , Huang Xingyi , Aheto Joshua H. , Zhang Xiaorui , Rashed Marwan M. A.
Published: January 2022

A low-cost electronic nose (E-nose) based on colorimetric sensors fused with Fourier transform-near-infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy was proposed as a rapid and convenient technique for detecting beef adulterated with duck.
Multiple heteroatom-doped photoluminescent carbon dots for ratiometric detection of Hg2+ ions in cell imaging and environmental applications
Authors: Mohandoss Sonaimuthu , Khanal Hari Datta , Palanisamy Subramanian , You SangGuan , Shim Jae-Jin , Lee Yong Rok
Published: January 2022

Preparation of multiple heteroatom-doped photoluminescent carbon dots and their applications in ratiometric detection of Hg2+, multicolor imaging and real samples are described.
Modulating thermal transport in a porous carbon honeycomb using cutting and deformation techniques
Authors: Han Yang , Zhao Chaoxiang , Bai Hao , Li Yanjun , Yang Jiayue , Chen Yi-Tung , Hong Guo , Lacroix David , Isaiev Mykola
Published: January 2022

The lattice thermal conductivity of a single layer carbon honeycomb is enhanced 11.3 times by tension compared to an unstrained example.
The tendency of supports to generate oxygen vacancies and the catalytic performance of Ni/ZrO2 and Ni/Mg(Al)O in CO2 methanation
Authors: Everett Espino O. E. , Zonetti P. C. , Celin R. R. , Costa L. T. , Alves O. C. , Spadotto J. C. , Appel L. G. , de Avillez R. R.
Published: January 2022

CO2 methanation – TPSR profiles of the Ni/ZrO2, Ni/Mg(Al)O, and Ni/SiO2 catalysts.
Photophysical, photooxidation, and biomolecule-interaction of meso-tetra(thienyl)porphyrins containing peripheral Pt(ii) and Pd(ii) complexes. Insights for photodynamic therapy applications
Authors: Tisoco Isadora , Donatoni Maria Carolina , Victória Henrique Fernandes Vieira , de Toledo José Roberto , Krambrock Klaus , Chaves Otávio Augusto , de Oliveira Kleber Thiago , Iglesias Bernardo Almeida
Published: January 2022

Novel Pt(ii)- and Pd(ii) cationic porphyrins in photobiological process applications.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of isatin oxime ether-tethered aryl 1H-1,2,3-triazoles as inhibitors ofMycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Kancharla Sampath Kumar , Birudaraju Saritha , Pal Arani , Krishnakanth Reddy L. , Reddy Eda Rami , Vagolu Siva Krishna , Sriram Dharmarajan , Bonige Kishore Babu , Korupolu Raghu Babu
Published: January 2022

A series of isatin oxime ether-tethered aryl 1H-1,2,3-triazole hybrids were synthesized and screened for theirin vitroantitubercular activity against theM. tuberculosisH37Rv strain.
A floating gate negative capacitance MoS2 phototransistor with high photosensitivity
Authors: Nur Roda , Tsuchiya Takashi , Toprasertpong Kasidit , Terabe Kazuya , Takagi Shinichi , Takenaka Mitsuru
Published: January 2022

Steep slope photodetectors hold a promising potential in photodetection applications due to efficient extraction of photocarriers. We explore a floating gate negative capacitance phototransistor to enhance the light sensitivity via charge-trapping.
Unidirectional single-mode lasing realization and temperature-induced mode switching in asymmetric GaN coupled cavities
Authors: Qin F. F. , Zhu G. Y. , Yang J. B. , Wei L. , Cui Q. N. , Wang Y. J.
Published: January 2022

Through the Vernier effect coupling of micro-cavity, a simple and effective structure or method for micron laser mode tuning and radiation direction regulation is developed.
Enantioselective organocatalytic syntheses of α-selenated α- and β-amino acid derivatives
Authors: Haider Victoria , Zebrowski Paul , Michalke Jessica , Monkowius Uwe , Waser Mario
Published: January 2022

The enantioselective electrophilic α-selenation of masked α- and β-amino acid derivatives has been carried under organocatalytic conditions in good yields and with moderate to good enantioselectivities.
Polariton ring currents and circular dichroism of Mg-porphyrin in a chiral cavity
Authors: Sun Shichao , Gu Bing , Mukamel Shaul
Published: January 2022

Placing aromatic molecules in a chiral optical cavity can break time-reversal symmetry and generate polariton ring currents with a linearly polarized pump. Such currents can be probed by circular dichroism, with one order of magnitude enhancement.
Visible light-initiated aerobic oxidation of amines to imines over TiO2 microspheres with TEMPO+PF6−
Authors: Zhou Jun , Ma Xiaoming , Wang Yuexin , Li Xia , Lang Xianjun
Published: January 2022

TEMPO+PF6− substantially accelerates the blue light-initiated aerobic oxidation of benzyl amines into imines over TiO2 microspheres.
Multiple droplets on a conical fiber: formation, motion, and droplet mergers
Authors: Lee Carmen L. , Chan Tak Shing , Carlson Andreas , Dalnoki-Veress Kari
Published: January 2022

Small droplets on slender conical fibers spontaneously move along the fiber due to capillary action.
A hierarchical optimisation framework for pigmented lesion diagnosis
Authors: Huong Audrey , Tay KimGaik , Gan KokBeng , Ngu Xavier
Published: January 2022

The study of training hyperparameters optimisation problems remains underexplored in skin lesion research. This is the first report of using hierarchical optimisation to improve computational effort in a four‐dimensional search space for the problem. The authors explore training parameters selection in optimising the learning process of a model to differentiate pigmented lesions characteristics. In the authors' demonstration, pretrained GoogleNet is fine‐tuned with a full training set by varying hyperparameters, namely epoch, mini‐batch value, initial learning rate, and gradient threshold. The iterative search of the optimal global‐local solution is by using the derivative‐based method. The authors used non‐parametric one‐way ANOVA to test whether the classification accuracies differed for the variation in the training parameters. The authors identified the mini‐batch size and initial learning rate as parameters that significantly influence the model's learning capability. The authors' results showed that a small fraction of combinations (5%) from constrained global search space, in contrarily to 82% at the local level, can converge with early stopping conditions. The mean (standard deviation, SD) validation accuracies increased from 78.4 (4.44)% to 82.9 (1.8)% using the authors' system. The fine‐tuned model's performance measures evaluated on a testing dataset showed classification accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and specificity of 85.3%, 75.6%, 64.4%, and 97.2%, respectively. The authors' system achieves an overall better diagnosis performance than four state‐of‐the‐art approaches via an improved search of parameters for a good adaptation of the model to the authors' dataset. The extended experiments also showed its superior performance consistency across different deep networks, where the overall classification accuracy increased by 5% with this technique. This approach reduces the risk of search being trapped in a suboptimal solution, and its use may be expanded to network architecture optimisation for enhanced diagnostic performance.
Methods of anomaly state detection for power systems based on bilateral cyber‐physical information
Authors: Wu Zhong , Wang Qi , Cai Xingpu , Dai Jianfeng , Liu Xuefei , Tian Qidong
Published: January 2022

Cyberattacks have emerged as novel threats to modern power systems. By exploiting the vulnerabilities of insecure devices, an attacker can inject viruses to lurk and collect system conditions through sniffing and then launch well‐designed attacks. Collaboratively applying bilateral cyber‐physical information can help to detect anomalous system states caused by sniffing, which can isolate virus impacts on the cyber side and ensure the stable operation of power systems. Here, a dynamic weight ensemble isolation forest algorithm is proposed to mine anomaly system states utilizing bilateral information based on the hypothesis that the fused cyber‐physical system state under assault has the shortest average path length in a constructed random forest. In addition, the proposed algorithm is able to realize improved performance in power system anomaly status mining and adapt to constantly changing power systems. The method is verified by simulations on a co‐simulation platform. The results show that the method outperforms other anomaly detection methods.
Dynamic manifold Boltzmann optimization based on self‐supervised learning for human motion estimation
Authors: Li Wanyi , Zeng Yuqi , Wu Yilin , Zhang Qian , Chen Guoming , Chen Yongchang
Published: January 2022

It is a challenge work to estimate the 3D human motion from image sequence. There are some problems, such as unsatisfactory estimation error, ambiguous matching and transient occlusion. Although the prior information of learning large‐scale samples exists, these problems are still difficult to be solved. How to extract the feature of the high‐dimensional (HD) sample of 3D human motion and find the desired one will become the key to solve these problems above. Some dimension reduction methods can extract the sample features and build the low‐dimensional (LD) space to view their LD features, but how to search the relevant valid and desired LD samples remains the bottleneck problem, which can be used to reconstruct the 3D human motions denoted by the corresponding high‐dimensional samples. Thus, a new method called dynamic manifold Boltzmann optimization (DMBO) is proposed to estimate the 3D human motion from multi‐view images. DMBO can find the best matching 3D human motion model by the help of the self‐supervised learning from Gaussian incremental dimension reduction model (GIDRM). DMBO can avoid the local optimum during searching and solve the problems above, so that the generation of the accurate 3D human motion corresponding to multi‐view images can be achieved.
Assessing controls on organic matter enrichments in hemipelagic marls of the Aptian-Lower Albian Blue Marls of the Vocontian Basin (France): an unexpected variability observed from multiple “organic-rich” levels
Authors: Caillaud Alexis , Quijada Melesio , Hlohowskyj Stephan R. , Chappaz Anthony , Bout-Roumazeilles Viviane , Reynaud Jean-Yves , Riboulleau Armelle , Baudin François , Adatte Thierry , Ferry Jean-Noël , Tribovillard Nicolas
Published: January 2022

The Marnes Bleues Formation from the Vocontian Basin (Southeastern France) shows many dark-colored levels, some concomitant to oceanic anoxic events OAE1a (the so-called Goguel Level) and OAE1b (the Jacob, Kilian, and, above all, Paquier levels). These levels are usually referred to as being organic-rich; they are scattered through a thick, rather homogeneous, succession of marls, that is poor in organic matter (OM). Through a multi-parameter approach, the dark levels from the Aptian-Albian were characterized. Our results show that all dark levels are not OM-rich and that the dark levels exhibit variable characteristics, such as OM nature (marine vs. continental), sedimentation and accumulation rates, redox conditions, surface-water productivity and relative sea level, but they all show low to modest enrichments in OM. Furthermore, all the levels share in common the fact that they formed under conditions of normal to low productivity and oxic to suboxic conditions. Thus, our results strongly suggest that, in the absence of high productivity and anoxic bottom conditions, the other factors reputed to favor OM accumulation only led to sporadic and low enrichments in organic contents. It is as if such factors could only enhance OM accumulation but could not induce it alone. What was true for the Vocontian Basin may be extended to other settings, regardless of their time of deposition or location.
DNR-Protokoll auf Intensivstationen
Authors: von Pruski Nikolei
Published: January 2022

Um der zunehmenden Übertherapie von Patienten am Lebensende entgegenzuwirken, wurde im Christlichen Krankenhaus Quakenbrück ein DNR-Protokoll für die Intensiveinheit erfolgreich implementiert. Auf Basis des ersten Beitrags (intensiv 2021; 29(1): S. 10–15), der eine Handlungsempfehlung zur Implementierung des Protokolls beinhaltet, wird im folgenden zweiten Beitrag das damit verbundene Auditverfahren vorgestellt.
Intensivstationen: Corona bringt das Fass zum Überlaufen
Authors: Doelfs Guntram
Published: January 2022

Mitten in der vierten Corona-Welle sind viele Intensivbetten zwangsweise gesperrt. Als Hauptgrund gilt der Pflegekräftemangel, denn gerade Intensivpflegekräfte würden wegen der großen Pandemie-Belastungen verstärkt kündigen, heißt es. Doch es gibt mehrere Gründe für die Bettensperrungen.
Pflegebudget und -bedarfe: Patient Pflege: Wenn Pflege zum Pflegefall wird
Authors: Heeser Alexandra
Published: January 2022

Die Verhandlungen zwischen Krankenkassen und Kliniken haben sich durch die Herausnahme der Pflegekosten aus den DRGs grundlegend geändert. Das zähe Ringen um die Stellschrauben des Pflegebudgets zeigt, wie wichtig das Vorjahresbudget für beide Seiten ist. Vielerorts gibt es noch keine Einigung für 2020. Aber auch an anderen Stellen hakt es im Bereich Pflege.
Dr. Sidra Khan-Gökkaya: Alle(s) gegen Rassismus
Authors: Kohrs Jens
Published: January 2022

Als Beauftragte für Anti-Rassismus bohrt Dr. Sidra Khan-Gökkaya am Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf seit Juni 2020 dicke Bretter. kma hat sie erzählt, mit welchen Themen sie sich beschäftigt, wie sie Betroffenen hilft und was sie sich wünschen würde, wenn sie einen Wunsch frei hätte.
BGW-Studie: Gewalt im Gesundheitswesen - (k)ein Thema
Authors: Heeser Alexandra
Published: January 2022

Gewalt im Pflegeheim an Bewohnern ist längst kein Einzelfall mehr – und eine Tragödie. Eine aktuelle, im Herbst vorgestellte Studie der Berufsgenossenschaft für Gesundheitsdienst und Wohlfahrtspflege (BGW) legt nun umgekehrt offen, wie viele Beschäftigte im Gesundheitswesen Belästigungen oder Gewalt durch Menschen erfahren müssen, die sie betreuen oder pflegen.
Quad Confinement Thruster produces strange, disjointed acceleration layer
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: January 2022

Measurements show a layer removed from the physical body of the thruster that accelerates ions to over three times their initial velocity.
Symmetry-breaking mechanism for the formation of cluster chimera patterns
Authors: Asllani Malbor , Siebert Bram A. , Arenas Alex , Gleeson James P.
Published: January 2022

The emergence of order in collective dynamics is a fascinating phenomenon that characterizes many natural systems consisting of coupled entities. Synchronization is such an example where individuals, usually represented by either linear or nonlinear oscillators, can spontaneously act coherently with each other when the interactions’ configuration fulfills certain conditions. However, synchronization is not always perfect, and the coexistence of coherent and incoherent oscillators, broadly known in the literature as chimera states, is also possible. Although several attempts have been made to explain how chimera states are created, their emergence, stability, and robustness remain a long-debated question. We propose an approach that aims to establish a robust mechanism through which cluster synchronization and chimera patterns originate. We first introduce a stability-breaking method where clusters of synchronized oscillators can emerge. At variance with the standard approach where synchronization arises as a collective behavior of coupled oscillators, in our model, the system initially sets on a homogeneous fixed-point regime, and, only due to a global instability principle, collective oscillations emerge. Following a combination of the network modularity and the model’s parameters, one or more clusters of oscillators become incoherent within yielding a particular class of patterns that we here name cluster chimera states.